bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“I thought he was ugly”: Mothers of extremely premature children narrate their experiences as troubled subjects
Authors: Widding Ulrika , Farooqi Aijaz
Published: April 2016

This article explores the ways in which mothers of extremely premature children make sense of their negative feelings towards their newborn child and their strategies for performing “proper motherhood”. The analysis was guided by discursive psychology and the feminist debate on attachment, mother–infant bonding, and “good motherhood”. The empirical material was created within a sub-study that set out to explore mothers’ and fathers’ experiences of having a premature child and was part of a project investigating the need for support for premature children and their families. Parents were interviewed about the pregnancy, their experiences of the birth and hospital period, the process of going home, the experiences of pre-school and school, and thoughts about the future. The stories of four mothers, which dealt with negative feelings towards their child and the guilt and distress related to this, were selected for analysis. The mothers handled their troubled positions as subjects unable to feel “motherly love” by referring to notions of attachment and bonding, and good motherhood as being loving and caring. Yet, the mothers also talked about motherhood as being socially constructed, as duties that can be performed without the “right motherly feelings”, and as something that men could also perform.
Robust output feedback control design for autonomous spacecraft rendezvous with actuator faults
Authors: He Shaoming , Wang Wei , Lin Defu , Lei Hongbo
Published: April 2016

This article documents a new output feedback guidance scheme for autonomous spacecraft rendezvous in the presence of actuator faults. The proposed approach is essentially a compound control methodology, which consists of higher order sliding mode observer and fast nonsingular terminal sliding mode technique. More specifically, the higher order sliding mode observer is used to estimate the relative velocity between two spacecraft while the fast nonsingular terminal sliding mode controller is used to regulate the relative position and the relative velocity to a small region around zero in finite time. The stability and performance of the closed-loop system are also analyzed using finite-time bounded function and Lyapunov function methods. Finally, numerical simulations are performed to demonstrate the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Film consumption in the 21st century: engaging with non-theatrical viewing
Authors: Aveyard Karina
Published: April 2016

Film consumption has changed dramatically in recent decades. The rise of the multiplex has reconfigured the public experience of cinema. At the same time, movie viewing has grown exponentially in domestic and mobile spheres, driven by increasingly flexible access to content and the diversity of screens this material can now be delivered to. While the history of movie watching in theatres has been relatively well traversed, the more recent and highly popular practice of viewing outside cinemas remains significantly under theorised. This article takes up the issue of this critical neglect. It suggests that the practice of watching movies needs to be conceptualised in more integrated manner and that theories successfully applied to understanding digital, Internet and mobile media may be considered equally relevant to film.
Corporate political activity through constituency stitching: Intertextually aligning a phantom community
Authors: Murray John , Nyberg Daniel , Rogers Justine
Published: April 2016

Corporations play an increasingly significant role in public policy and democratic politics. This article seeks to understand how corporate political activities gain political influence through intertextual strategies. The analysis is conducted on the texts produced by the Australian government in proposing a new tax as well as the texts produced by the mining industry in campaigning against the tax. We show how the government texts represent the proposed tax as a fair opportunity, while the mining industry texts represent the tax as an unfair threat. The findings attend to the processes of how the mining industry ‘stitched’ together constituencies in support of their representation. This article contributes to the existing literature on corporate political activity by showing how overt and indirect corporate activities and communications influence public policy agendas. It also contributes to critical studies of corporate political activity by theorizing how textual strategies can be used to align corporate interests in hegemonic political struggles through the creation of a phantom community. Finally, the article contributes to theories of intertextuality by developing a typology to analyse textual representation.
Graduate students’ practicum experiences instructing students with severe and profound disabilities in physical education
Authors: Sato Takahiro , Haegele Justin A
Published: April 2016

Students with disabilities are more likely than ever to be educated in physical education classes with their typically developing peers. Because of this, it is essential for all educational personnel, including physical educators, to have proper teacher education to help meet the unique needs of these students. Currently, the research base is underdeveloped with regard to the meaning that graduate-level pre-service adapted physical education (APE) specialists ascribe to practicum experiences teaching students with severe and profound disabilities during their graduate teacher education. Thus, the purpose of the current study was to describe and explain graduate students’ experiences instructing students with severe and profound disabilities during course-related practicum experiences. This study utilized a descriptive-qualitative approach using an exploratory case study design and was interpreted through the lens of occupational socialization theory. Nine graduate students enrolled in two master’s level APE programmes acted as participants for this study. As part of their coursework, each student completed a 200 hour hands-on practicum experience teaching students with severe and profound disabilities. Data were collected during this practicum experience through semi-structured interviews, follow-up email correspondence, and demographic questionnaires. Three themes, explainable through the use of organizational socialization theory, emerged, and were: (1) the ambiguous roles of APE teachers; (2) the need for specialized expertise; and (3) reality shock-unpredictable behaviors. Although each of the participants expressed some difficulties during the experience, they also described degrees of success in contributing to the education of students with severe and profound disabilities.
Modernity and capitalism
Authors: Casassas David , Wagner Peter
Published: April 2016

The terms modernity and capitalism remain in widespread use to characterize contemporary societies, but the distinction between them is much less antagonistic in current social theory than it used to be when a theory of ‘modern society’ was opposed to the theory of ‘late capitalism’. Rather than seeing societies either on an evolutionary trajectory realizing the functionally efficient institutionalization of freedom or as determined by increasing contradictions due to the logics of capital and to class struggle, a key task of social theory today is to reconceptualize modernity and capitalism in such a way that the dynamics of historical transformations and the varieties of current socio-political constellations can be more adequately understood. This article contributes to addressing this task, introducing a special issue of the European Journal of Social Theory devoted to ‘modernity and capitalism’. This introduction elaborates a concept of modernity focused on the interpretative self-understanding of societies and a concept of capitalism as a historically specific response to the question of satisfying human material needs. On this conceptual basis, a historical-comparative perspective is taken to analyze transformations in the self-understandings of societies and the institutional changes in organizing the economy related to the former, placing the comparative analysis of societies in the global context of transformations of modernity and capitalism.
Effect of horticultural therapy on wellbeing among dementia day care programme participants: A mixed-methods study (Innovative Practice)
Authors: Hall Jodi , Mitchell Gary , Webber Catherine , Johnson Karen
Published: April 2016

Fourteen people attending an adult day programme were recruited to a structured horticultural therapy programme which took place over 10 weeks. The effects were assessed using Dementia Care Mapping and questionnaires completed by family carers. High levels of wellbeing were observed while the participants were engaged in horticultural therapy, and these were sustained once the programme was completed. This study adds to the growing evidence on the benefits of horticultural therapy for people with dementia who have enjoyed gardening in the past.
Parent Ratings of Ability to Consent for Clinical Trials in Fragile X Syndrome
Authors: Bailey Donald B. , Raspa Melissa , Wheeler Anne , Edwards Anne , Bishop Ellen , Bann Carla , Borasky David , Appelbaum Paul S.
Published: April 2016

Advances in understanding neurobiology and intellectual disabilities have led to clinical trials testing new medications. This study assessed parents’ perceptions of the ability of their son or daughter with fragile X syndrome (FXS), an inherited form of intellectual disability, to participate in the consent process for clinical trials. Four hundred twenty-two families participated in a survey that included six items assessing various aspects of the ability to provide consent. A rank ordering of decisional tasks was found. The easiest task was to understand that the medication was different from his or her medical treatment; the most difficult was the ability to understand and weigh the potential benefits and risks of study participation. Factor analysis suggested that despite the range in difficulty, the six items were best summarized by a single decisional ability score. Parents of 29% of males reported that their son was not at all capable of participating, but the remainder exhibited a range of decisional skills. Factors associated with this variability include age and parents’ willingness to enroll their child in clinical trials. We conclude that many individuals with FXS appear to be able to participate at some level in the consent or assent process, but will likely need individualized support to maximize effective participation.
Human Research Ethics Committees in Technical Universities
Authors: Koepsell David , Brinkman Willem-Paul , Pont Sylvia
Published: April 2016

Human research ethics has developed in both theory and practice mostly from experiences in medical research. Human participants, however, are used in a much broader range of research than ethics committees oversee, including both basic and applied research at technical universities. Although mandated in the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia, non-medical research involving humans need not receive ethics review in much of Europe, Asia, Latin America, and Africa. Our survey of the top 50 technical universities in the world shows that, where not specifically mandated by law, most technical universities do not employ ethics committees to review human studies. As the domains of basic and applied sciences expand, ethics committees are increasingly needed to guide and oversee all such research regardless of legal requirements. We offer as examples, from our experience as an ethics committee in a major European technical university, ways in which such a committee provides needed services and can help ensure more ethical studies involving humans outside the standard medical context. We provide some arguments for creating such committees, and in our supplemental article, we provide specific examples of cases and concerns that may confront technical, engineering, and design research, as well as outline the general framework we have used in creating our committee.
Attitudes and Willingness to Donate Biological Samples for Research Among Potential Donors in the Italian Twin Register
Authors: Toccaceli Virgilia , Fagnani Corrado , Gigantesco Antonella , Brescianini Sonia , D’Ippolito Cristina , Stazi Maria Antonietta
Published: April 2016

Most ethical and social research is focused on disease-oriented biobanks, while healthy donors’ motivation toward population biobanking is scarcely explored. We investigated willingness to donate biological samples for research and attitudes toward donation by a mail survey among 4,894 twins enrolled in the population-based Italian Twin Register. We compared responses in different socio-demographic categories and estimated, by the twin design, environmental and genetic components of this attitude. More than 80% of respondents expressed willingness to donate. A prevailing collaborative attitude to donation emerged. Attitude was mainly influenced by individual social and cultural factors. Education was important in shaping motivation and willingness to donate. Future surveys of the general population are desirable to continue investigating attitude toward donation and concerns about biobanking.
A meta-analytic review of health information credibility
Authors: Yang Qinghua , Beatty Michael
Published: April 2016

Background:

Despite the large corpus of literature on the credibility of health information, results of studies that examined the effect sizes for relationships between credibility and expertise/trustworthiness are inconsistent and have drawn attention to the ambiguity and uncertainty that surrounds the relationship between these constructs in the literature.

Objective:

This study aimed to provide an estimate of the magnitude of the relationship between manipulated expertise and trustworthiness in predicting health information credibility and to search for potential moderators of the relationship.

Method:

Comprehensive searches of the Communication & Mass Media Complete, PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Knowledge, and Medline databases were used to identify potentially eligible studies. No year range was set in this study. Application of strict inclusion and exclusion criteria identified 20 studies, which were analyzed using the R package.

Results:

Results indicated that manipulated expertise correlated with health information credibility at a higher level than did trustworthiness in the online but not offline context, and that sample characteristics (student vs. nonstudent populations; age of participants) as well as the year of publication of the study were significant moderators of the relationship.

Conclusion:

This meta-analytic review of the literature has contributed to knowledge about how health information is received and processed by those who seek it. While participants in studies included in this research perceived health information to be more credible when provided by an expert rather than a layperson, their perceptions were moderated by demographic characteristics. This highlights the importance of moderator analyses and provides guidance for future research and practice in health information management.
Diverging Dual Intramedullary Kirschner Wire Technique for Arthrodesis of the Proximal Interphalangeal Joint in Hammertoe Correction
Authors: Hood Christopher R. , Blacklidge Douglas K. , Hoffman Scott M.
Published: April 2016

Digital arthrodesis is one of the most common surgical procedures performed by the foot and ankle surgeon. The market offers a variety of devices available to the surgeon to accomplish solid, permanent, and safe fusion for the patient. However, with these new devices come high surgical costs, adding to the burden on the already strapped health care system. We offer a simple technique updating the way in which a Kirschner wire is utilized for interphalangeal digital arthrodesis that employs the benefits of the newer implantable devices at a fraction of the cost. Two Kirschner wires are buried in a slightly diverging pattern to increase rotational stability while adding slight compression across the fusion site. In this article, we explain the technique and present a case example of its implementation.

Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level V: Expert opinion
Return to Sports After Bone Marrow–Derived Cell Transplantation for Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus
Authors: Vannini Francesca , Cavallo Marco , Ramponi Laura , Castagnini Francesco , Massimi Simone , Giannini Sandro , Buda Roberto Emanuele
Published: April 2016

Objective

Arthroscopic “one-step” technique based on bone marrow–derived cell transplantation (BMDCT) have achieved good results in repairing osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLT), overcoming important drawbacks of older techniques. It may be particularly adequate for the treatment of athletes in order to permit a safe and stable return to sports. The aim of this study was to report the results at 48 months of a series of athletes and the factors influencing the return to sports.

Design

Case series. A total of 140 athletes underwent a “one-step” BMDCT repair of OLT. All the patients had the cells harvested from the iliac crest, condensed and loaded on a scaffold, and then implanted. Patients were evaluated clinically by the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scores and Halasi score.

Results

AOFAS score improved from 58.7 ± 13.5 preoperatively to 90.6 ± 8.6 ( P < 0.005) at 24 months, and to 90.9 ± 10.7 at 48 months. Halasi score was 6.88 ± 1.8 preinjury, 4.08 ± 1.7 preoperatively, and 5.56 ± 2.0 at final follow-up. At the final follow-up, all the patients (beside 1 failure and 3 lost) were able to return to activity and 72.8% were able to resume sports at preinjury level.

Conclusions

“One-step” BMDCT repair of OLT had good clinical results that was durable over time in athletes, permitting a return to sports at preinjury level in the majority of patients. The preoperative presence of impingement and articular degeneration were the main negative prognostic factors.
Correlates of Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence among HIV-Infected Older Adults
Authors: McCoy Katryna , Waldrop-Valverde Drenna , Balderson Benjamin H. , Mahoney Christine , Catz Sheryl
Published: April 2016

Background:

Despite the success of antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV-infected older African Americans experience higher mortality rates compared to their white counterparts. This disparity may be partly attributable to the differences in ART adherence by different racial and gender groups. The purpose of this study was to describe demographic, psychosocial, and HIV disease-related factors that influence ART adherence and to determine whether race and gender impact ART adherence among HIV-infected adults aged 50 years and older.

Methods:

This descriptive study involved a secondary analysis of baseline data from 426 participants in “PRIME,” a telephone-based ART adherence and quality-of-life intervention trial. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between independent variables and ART adherence.

Results:

Higher annual income and increased self-efficacy were associated with being ≥95% ART adherent. Race and gender were not associated with ART adherence.

Conclusion:

These findings indicated that improvements in self-efficacy for taking ART may be an effective strategy to improve adherence regardless of race or gender.
The Impact of Customer Behaviour on the Business Organization in the Multichannel Context (Retail)
Authors: Grimonpont Beatrice
Published: April 2016

In this article, we will show how quicker technology adoption by consumers and Web 2.0 led to a paradigm shift between consumers and brands, giving the consumer a new integrated role in the business model.

We will see how the use of new technologies influenced consumers’ expectations and behaviour and how/why it could emphasize their search for greater (and new) value.

We want to point out that although it may be obvious that channel consistency is now a necessity, it cannot consist solely on ‘window dressing’ but also requires an entire customer focus among all services of companies. In this perspective, we will question why customer relationship management (CRM) alone cannot be the answer.

Although research has shown for some time, now that fully cross-functional organizations and involvement of all stakeholders in the companies’ value creation is a key for success, many companies are still struggling to achieve an appropriate integration and remain silo based.

Finally, it is our intention to raise awareness that value creation is not just for customers. It can only be truly successful when that value is also created for, with and by all company employees. This is the challenge of traditionally silo-organized enterprises, with their competing or overlapping roles and responsibilities. It, thus, becomes imperative that organizations evolve towards more cross-functional activities, with the full involvement of all stakeholders in the value chain.
“In a Galaxy Far, Far Away . . .”
Authors: Faiers Jonathan
Published: April 2016

Disruptive luxury is a recent addition to the lexicon of luxury. Understood as both a practical and philosophical antidote to luxury’s entrenched patterns of production and consumption, the term disruptive is proving to be as indeterminate as the word luxury itself, with its complex historical and cultural formations. This article will briefly explore some of the possible meanings of disruptive luxury, before focusing on new technology, especially rapid prototyping or 3-D printing, as a possible route to luxury’s disruption. Utilizing a fashion spread from American Vogue of 1977 to bring into focus the traditional alliance between the luxury trades and new technology, the article will then explore the cultural, economic, and aesthetic similarities between the current “gilded age” of luxury consumption and the art nouveau designers and clientele of the belle epoque and ask whether established luxury will even notice, let alone “feel the force” of, the disruption.
Spectral Reflectance (350–2500 nm) Properties of Historic Artists' Pigments. II. Red–Orange–Yellow Chromates, Jarosites, Organics, Lead(–Tin) Oxides, Sulphides, Nitrites and Antimonates
Authors: Cloutis Edward , Norman Leif , Cuddy Matthew , Mann Paul
Published: April 2016

Unprocessed and minimally processed earth materials have been the traditional source of artist's pigments, dating back to prehistory. Identifying pigments comprising a cultural artefact has important conservational, scholarly and historic applications. In this study, we focus on red–orange–yellow historic artists' pigments that are not coloured by iron oxyhydroxides; specifically chromates, jarosites, organics, oxides, sulphides, nitrites and antimonates. We searched for specific spectroscopic characteristics that can be applied to their identification and differentiation from other pigments, with an emphasis on the less well studied near infrared region ( ca 1000–2500 nm). We combined and compared reflectance spectroscopy (350–2500 nm) with X-ray diffractometry for this purpose. It was found that these two analytical techniques are often complementary. Chromate, lead oxide, lead–tin oxide, lead antimonate and sulphide reflectance spectra are characterised by an absorption edge in the visible region as their only or main diagnostic spectral characteristic. While this pigment grouping can be recognised by the lack of additional spectral features, the presence of organic binders adds additional spectral features that can complicate their identification. Other techniques, such as Raman or infrared spectroscopy, are better suited for their non-destructive identification. Organic-derived pigments also exhibit an absorption edge but with additional spectral features that may allow for their unique identification. However, all pigment identifications can be complicated by absorption features associated with organic binders. Yellow earths which derive their colour from the mineral jarosite possess multiple diagnostic absorption bands that can be used for their unique identification. Cobalt yellow possesses minor absorption bands in the 2400–2500 nm region that may allow for its unique identification.
Features of the Value-Conscious Approach Application for Value-Conscious Project Portfolio Management. Part 1. Approach Formation
Authors: �������  , Gergert Dmitriy , ������  , Ketova E.
Published: April 2016

In today´s fast-moving world, project management gradually covers one activity after another. Increasingly, projects are the major components of the organization. Over time, projects are becoming more complex and dynamic, for achieving this goal it is necessary to implement a whole range of projects. Successful implementation of such projects, in most cases is only possible when using the approach to management based on values, the correct application of which makes it possible to optimize and balance the activities of the organization to achieve strategic and tactical objectives.
Sustainability in Project Management. Governance and Integration of the P5 Standard
Authors: �������  , Joel B. Carboni
Published: April 2016

In 2012, The Rio+20 United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development

centered on the notion that sustainable development is dependent

upon both public and private sectors being fully engaged by leveraging

frameworks that support the advancement of sustainable development initiatives,

taking into account the importance of corporate social responsibility

(Rio, 2012).

With the United Nations Millennium Development Goals set to expire in

2015, giving way to the Post-2015 Engagement Architecture, a framework

that is expected to establish priorities and strategies for the next era.

Project management is uniquely positioned to drive these efforts through

both governance and use. This paper focuses on the key integration points

for sustainability to project governance and methods using the GPM P5

Standard for People, Planet, Profit, Project Products and Processes.

P5 provides for useful benchmarking across industry and fundamentally

helps organizations demonstrate the reality of their commitment to sustainability

by allowing stakeholders to better understand the organization�s contribution

to sustainable development.
Emotion understanding of Turkish preschoolers and maternal emotional socialization
Authors: Kılıç Şükran , Aytar Abide Güngör
Published: April 2016

The aim of the study is to investigate the relationship between emotion understanding and maternal emotional socialization responses to children's negative emotions. Emotion understanding was also investigated according to children's age and gender. The participants included 210 Turkish children and their mothers living in Ankara, Turkey. All children were recruited from kindergartens and all of them were between 48-72 month-olds. To gather data, Affect Knowledge Test (AKT) and Coping with Children’s Negative Emotions Scale were  used. Confirmayory Factor Analysis was performed for construct validity for AKT. Pearson correlation coefficients, ANOVA and posthoc tests  were conducted. In this study, no relations were established between emotion understanding and the maternal emotional responses to children's negative emotions.  It also has been revealed that 72 month-olds  had better emotion understanding skills and emotion understanding did not change according to children's gender. It may be useful to include other important predictors of children’s social and emotional competence and paternal responses for future studies.
Parental visions of their children’s future as a motivator for an early start in a foreign language
Authors: Rokita-Jaśkow Joanna
Published: April 2016

This paper reports on the qualitative part of a project investigating parental educational aspirations as manifested by enrolling their children (aged 3-6) into very early L2 instruction. The concept of educational aspirations is widely studied in educational psychology as well as in sociology and pedagogy. In SLA, these aspirations can fit in the new framework of imagery and creating visions as they are a part of an ideal L2 self. Data analysis concludes that parental visions towards their children’s achievement reflect self-efficacy beliefs; in other words, those parents who were unsuccessful foreign language (FL) learners themselves hoped that by starting early their children would learn lingua franca English well and this would help them achieve educational and vocational success, which indicates an instrumental motive. By contrast, those parents who were successful language learners were positive about their children’s future plurilingual attainment, not necessarily voicing the necessity of “an early start.” They believe languages contribute to overall emotional and cognitive growth, which shows more intrinsic and integrative motives. These findings suggest that the differences in ultimate FL attainment may start very early and are rooted in the socia (family) context.
Stability and Experimental Comparison of Prototypical Iterative Schemes for Total Variation Regularized Problems
Authors: Bartels Sören , Milicevic Marijo
Published: April 2016

Various iterative methods are available for the approximate solution of non-smooth minimization problems. For a popular non-smooth minimization problem arising in image processing, we discuss the suitable application of three prototypical methods and their stability. The methods are compared experimentally with a focus on choice of stopping criteria, influence of rough initial data, step sizes as well as mesh sizes. An overview of existing algorithms is given.
Talking like a servant: What nineteenth century novels can tell us about the social history of the language
Authors: Hodson Jane
Published: April 2016

This article investigates what nineteenth-century novels can tell us about the speech of the lower orders, using the “Dialect in British Fiction 1800–1836” database to focus specifically on how the speech of servants is represented. Recent work on enregisterment has led to a resurgence of interest in literary representations of dialect in relation to specific linguistic features and varieties. I argue that a sustained engagement with literary texts has the potential to illuminate wider cultural constructs of language variation, and that to accomplish this, attention must be paid to issues of genre as well as a range of stylistic features including speech representation, metalanguage and characterisation. The article concludes that, while novels are able to tell us little about how servants really spoke, they are a rich source of information about the attitudes and assumptions that underpinned cultural concepts such as “talking like a servant”.
The Viking outgroup in early medieval English chronicles
Authors: Timofeeva Olga
Published: April 2016

This paper relates diachronic change in discourse strategies of the Viking-age historical writing to political changes of the period and to communities of practice that produce these histories and chronicles. It examines the labels and stereotypes applied to the Vikings and establishes their sources and evolution by applying a fourfold chronological division of historical sources from around 800 to 1200 (based on the political developments within Anglo-Saxon history and on the manuscript history of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle). The data for the study come from both Old English and Anglo-Latin chronicles. The results are interpreted in terms of critical discourse analysis. It is demonstrated that the chroniclers employ strategies of dissimilation exploiting the notion of illegitimacy and criminality of the Viking outgroup. These strategies change over time, depending on the political situation (raiding vs. settlement vs. reconquest period) and communities of practice involved in the maintenance and dissemination of a particular political discourse.
Book Reviews 2015
Authors: Hilling Axel
Published: April 2016

This section contains three book reviews. First the book Swedish Taxation, Development since 1862 is reviewed. This volume comprises six studies that examine the development of Swedish taxation from 1862 to 2013, and will likely be of great value in future Nordic tax research because of its comprehensiveness. The second review is about a book written in Swedish:Momsfri sjukvård (The VAT exemption for health care). This volume discusses a topical issue and presents convincing recommendations for changes in the Swedish VAT legislation. Finally, the Danish book International Skatteret, i et dansk perspektiv (International Tax Law, in a Danish perspective) is presented as highly recommended literature for students and practitioners in the field of international tax law. This volume discusses and illustrates general matters in international tax law, as well as specific matters relevant for Danish international tax law.
Resistive switching characteristics and mechanisms in silicon oxide memory devices
Authors: Chang Yao-Feng , Fowler Burt , Chen Ying-Chen , Zhou Fei , Wu Xiaohan , Chen Yen-Ting , Wang Yanzhen , Xue Fei , Lee Jack C.
Published: April 2016

Intrinsic unipolar SiOx-based resistance random access memories (ReRAM) characterization, switching mechanisms, and applications have been investigated. Device structures, material compositions, and electrical characteristics are identified that enable ReRAM cells with high ON/OFF ratio, low static power consumption, low switching power, and high readout-margin using complementary metal-oxide semiconductor transistor (CMOS)–compatible SiOx-based materials. These ideas are combined with the use of horizontal and vertical device structure designs, composition optimization, electrical control, and external factors to help understand resistive switching (RS) mechanisms. Measured temperature effects, pulse response, and carrier transport behaviors lead to compact models of RS mechanisms and energy band diagrams in order to aid the development of computer-aided design for ultralarge-v scale integration. This chapter presents a comprehensive investigation of SiOx-based RS characteristics and mechanisms for the post-CMOS device era.
Mujeres en medio(s). Propuestas para analizar la comunicación masiva con perspectiva de género / Women in the media. Proposals to analyze mass communication with a gender perspective
Authors: Padilla Castillo Graciela
Published: April 2016

Este libro, que muy seguramente se erija pronto como manual de referencia para impartir enseñanzas de género y comunicación, recoge una brillante selección de las principales investigaciones sobre el asunto en España. La autora, consciente de que el pensamiento es algo más que la acumulación y el acceso a la información, ha proporcionado las herramientas necesarias para analizar cualquier texto y cualquier material audiovisual que consumimos o producimos.
La estrategia corporativa de las cadenas de televisión españolas a través de sus series / Corporate strategy in spanish broadcasters through its series
Authors: Del Campo Cañizares Elpidio , De Lara Alicia
Published: April 2016

La capacidad de YouTube para captar anunciantes se ha triplicado en los últimos años, convirtiéndose en un duro competidor para la televisión. Ante ese avance, una de las principales estrategias por parte de las televisiones tradicionales se centra en ganar protagonismo en la red social, algo que hacen principalmente a través de contenido relacionado con sus series, aunque sin una estrategia demasiado sólida. La presente investigación analiza un total de 237 vídeos relevantes de YouTube sobre series españolas producidas por las principales cadenas de televisión: Antena 3, Telecinco y TVE, a través de un estudio tanto cuantitativo como cualitativo que profundiza en aspectos como la gestión de los comentarios y el fomento de la participación. Los resultados apuntan a que las cadenas de televisión no aprovechan las posibilidades de YouTube como herramienta de social media con la que generar compromiso y fidelización.
The Adaptor Protein CD2AP Is a Coordinator of Neurotrophin Signaling-Mediated Axon Arbor Plasticity
Authors: Harrison Benjamin J. , Venkat Gayathri , Lamb James L. , Hutson Tom H. , Drury Cassa , Rau Kristofer K. , Bunge Mary Barlett , Mendell Lorne M. , Gage Fred H. , Johnson Richard D. , Hill Caitlin E. , Rouchka Eric C. , Moon Lawrence D.F. , Petruska Jeffrey C.
Published: April 2016

Growth of intact axons of noninjured neurons, often termed collateral sprouting, contributes to both adaptive and pathological plasticity in the adult nervous system, but the intracellular factors controlling this growth are largely unknown. An automated functional assay of genes regulated in sensory neurons from the ratin vivospared dermatome model of collateral sprouting identified the adaptor protein CD2-associated protein (CD2AP; human CMS) as a positive regulator of axon growth. In non-neuronal cells, CD2AP, like other adaptor proteins, functions to selectively control the spatial/temporal assembly of multiprotein complexes that transmit intracellular signals. Although CD2AP polymorphisms are associated with increased risk of late-onset Alzheimer's disease, its role in axon growth is unknown. Assessments of neurite arbor structurein vitrorevealed CD2AP overexpression, and siRNA-mediated knockdown, modulated (1) neurite length, (2) neurite complexity, and (3) growth cone filopodia number, in accordance with CD2AP expression levels. We show, for the first time, that CD2AP forms a novel multiprotein complex with the NGF receptor TrkA and the PI3K regulatory subunit p85, with the degree of TrkA:p85 association positively regulated by CD2AP levels. CD2AP also regulates NGF signaling through AKT, but not ERK, and regulates long-range signaling though TrkA+/RAB5+signaling endosomes. CD2AP mRNA and protein levels were increased in neurons during collateral sprouting but decreased following injury, suggesting that, although typically considered together, these two adult axonal growth processes are fundamentally different. These data position CD2AP as a major intracellular signaling molecule coordinating NGF signaling to regulate collateral sprouting and structural plasticity of intact adult axons.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTGrowth of noninjured axons in the adult nervous system contributes to adaptive and maladaptive plasticity, and dysfunction of this process may contribute to neurologic pathologies. Functional screening of genes regulated during growth of noninjured axons revealed CD2AP as a positive regulator of axon outgrowth. A novel association of CD2AP with TrkA and p85 suggests a distinct intracellular signaling pathway regulating growth of noninjured axons. This may also represent a novel mechanism of generating specificity in multifunctional NGF signaling. Divergent regulation of CD2AP in different axon growth conditions suggests that separate mechanisms exist for different modes of axon growth. CD2AP is the first signaling molecule associated with adult sensory axonal collateral sprouting, and this association may offer new insights for NGF/TrkA-related Alzheimer's disease mechanisms.
Structural Organization of the Laryngeal Motor Cortical Network and Its Implication for Evolution of Speech Production
Authors: Kumar Veena , Croxson Paula L. , Simonyan Kristina
Published: April 2016

The laryngeal motor cortex (LMC) is essential for the production of learned vocal behaviors because bilateral damage to this area renders humans unable to speak but has no apparent effect on innate vocalizations such as human laughing and crying or monkey calls. Several hypotheses have been put forward attempting to explain the evolutionary changes from monkeys to humans that potentially led to enhanced LMC functionality for finer motor control of speech production. These views, however, remain limited to the position of the larynx area within the motor cortex, as well as its connections with the phonatory brainstem regions responsible for the direct control of laryngeal muscles. Using probabilistic diffusion tractography in healthy humans and rhesus monkeys, we show that, whereas the LMC structural network is largely comparable in both species, the LMC establishes nearly 7-fold stronger connectivity with the somatosensory and inferior parietal cortices in humans than in macaques. These findings suggest that important “hard-wired” components of the human LMC network controlling the laryngeal component of speech motor output evolved from an already existing, similar network in nonhuman primates. However, the evolution of enhanced LMC–parietal connections likely allowed for more complex synchrony of higher-order sensorimotor coordination, proprioceptive and tactile feedback, and modulation of learned voice for speech production.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe role of the primary motor cortex in the formation of a comprehensive network controlling speech and language has been long underestimated and poorly studied. Here, we provide comparative and quantitative evidence for the significance of this region in the control of a highly learned and uniquely human behavior: speech production. From the viewpoint of structural network organization, we discuss potential evolutionary advances of enhanced temporoparietal cortical connections with the laryngeal motor cortex in humans compared with nonhuman primates that may have contributed to the development of finer vocal motor control necessary for speech production.
Molecular fMRI
Authors: Bartelle Benjamin B. , Barandov Ali , Jasanoff Alan
Published: April 2016

Comprehensive analysis of brain function depends on understanding the dynamics of diverse neural signaling processes over large tissue volumes in intact animals and humans. Most existing approaches to measuring brain signaling suffer from limited tissue penetration, poor resolution, or lack of specificity for well-defined neural events. Here we discuss a new brain activity mapping method that overcomes some of these problems by combining MRI with contrast agents sensitive to neural signaling. The goal of this “molecular fMRI” approach is to permit noninvasive whole-brain neuroimaging with specificity and resolution approaching current optical neuroimaging methods. In this article, we describe the context and need for molecular fMRI as well as the state of the technology today. We explain how major types of MRI probes work and how they can be sensitized to neurobiological processes, such as neurotransmitter release, calcium signaling, and gene expression changes. We comment both on past work in the field and on challenges and promising avenues for future development.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTBrain researchers currently have a choice between measuring neural activity using cellular-level recording techniques, such as electrophysiology and optical imaging, or whole-brain imaging methods, such as fMRI. Cellular level methods are precise but only address a small portion of mammalian brains; on the other hand, whole-brain neuroimaging techniques provide very little specificity for neural pathways or signaling components of interest. The molecular fMRI techniques we discuss have particular potential to combine the specificity of cellular-level measurements with the noninvasive whole-brain coverage of fMRI. On the other hand, molecular fMRI is only just getting off the ground. This article aims to offer a snapshot of the status and future prospects for development of molecular fMRI techniques.
Impact of sperm DNA damage and oocyte-repairing capacity on trout development
Authors: Fernández-Díez C , González-Rojo S , Lombó M , Herráez M P
Published: April 2016

Zygotic repair of paternal DNA is essential during embryo development. In spite of the interest devoted to sperm DNA damage, its combined effect with defect-repairing oocytes has not been analyzed. Modification of the breeding season is a common practice in aquaculture. This practice reduces developmental success and could affect the both factors: sperm DNA integrity and oocyte repair capacity. To evaluate the maternal role, we analyzed the progeny outcome after fertilizing in-season trout oocytes with untreated and with UV-irradiated sperm. We also analyzed the offspring obtained out of season with untreated sperm. The analysis of the number of lesions in 4 sperm nuclear genes revealed an increase of 1.22–11.18 lesions/10 kb in out-of-season sperm, similar to that obtained after sperm UV irradiation (400 µW/cm25 min). Gene expression showed in out-of-season oocytes the overexpression of repair genes (ogg1, ung, lig3, rad1) and downregulation of tp53, indicating an enhanced repairing activity and reduced capacity to arrest development upon damage. The analysis of the progeny in out-of-season embryos revealed a similar profile tolerant to DNA damage, leading to a much lower apoptotic activity at organogenesis, lower hatching rates and increased rate of malformations. The effects were milder in descendants from in-season-irradiated sperm, showing an enhanced repairing activity at epibolia. Results point out the importance of the repairing machinery provided by the oocyte and show how susceptible it is to environmental changes. Transcripts related to DNA damage signalization and repair could be used as markers of oocyte quality.
ENDOBRONCHIAL ULTRASOUND – ONE YEAR OF EXPERIENCE IN CLINICAL PRACTICE
Authors: Simon Marioara , Pop Bogdan , Toma Lacrimioara , Vallasek Aletta , Simon Ioan
Published: April 2016

Background and aim. Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) is a recent minimally invasive, safe examination method for the mediastinum, with a good diagnostic precision.This method makes possible real time examination with transbronchial fine needle aspiration, diagnostic transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) and staging of non-small pulmonary tumors, as well as diagnosis of mediastinal and hilar adenopathies of various causes.Methods. We present the experience of the Bronchoscopy Department of the Pulmonology Clinic of Cluj-Napoca with EBUS-TBNA as a tool for the diagnosis and staging of tumors in contact with the bronchial wall and mediastinal and hilar adenopathies of unknown etiology. During the period August 2014 – January 2016 we examined 152 patients with no direct or indirect signs of lung tumor in traditional bronchoscopy. Rapid on site evaluation (ROSE) was available for all patients.Results. Our study is a retrospective study of 152 EBUS-TBNA examinations. The average age of our patients was 54.43 years and 64% came from urban and 36% from rural background. EBUS-TBNA brought the final histological confirmation (tumors, sarcoidosis, limphoma) in 82.8% of the cases. A tumor confirmation was obtained in 95% of the patients who were suspected of having tumor.For a better understanding of the importance of this method in the daily clinical practice we present a case of peripheral pulmonary neoplasm with mediastinal and hilar adenopathies, where the contribution of EBUS-TBNA to a rapid diagnosis was essential.Conclusion. By the introduction of this method in our country one year ago, we can diagnose patients with lung and mediastinal tumors, which cannot be diagnosed by traditional bronchoscopy. This brings a valuable contribution to the improvement of lung cancer staging and diagnostic.