bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Entre killas y pifanos: desde la memoria social de los pueblos kichwas del Cuyabeno. Estudio de caso en la comunidad de Zancudo Cocha.
Authors: Madrid Tamayo Andrea
Published: April 2019

Entre killas y pifanos nos relata la memoria social recuperada de los pueblos kichwas del Cuyabeno sobre los procesos de cambio cultural que se ha dado en la Amazonía. La historia de los pueblos kichwas precisa ser leída y entendida a partir de su relación con la historia económica, social y política del país, considerando que, las comunidades indígenas amazónicas han sufrido la mayor afectación en su entorno natural a causa de los modelos de desarrollo extractivo promovidos en su territorio por parte del gobierno ecuatoriano. Esto ha incidido en su base de subsistencia y en su reproducción cultural. Desde esta problematización se hace un análisis sobre la amplia movilidad que han tenido los kichwas y la ocupación sobre territorios de otros pueblos indígenas amazónicos, como lo sucedido en la cuenca del Aguarico, en lo que ahora comprende la reserva de producción faunística cuyabeno (rpfc), en las provincias de Sucumbíos y Orellana. El estudio de caso de la comunidad de zancudo cocha trata de contextualizar la historia de un siglo de ocupación en la zona, y los cambios generados en las últimas décadas en la cultura de estos pueblos.
Indígenas aislados. Aproximación a la incógnita humana de la Amazonía ecuatoriana
Authors: Paniagua Blanc Fernando
Published: April 2019

Este artículo explora diversos aspectos de los grupos indígenas aislados de la Amazonía ecuatoriana y, de manera especial, de aquellos que, de una forma genérica, se han denominado Taromenani. Se ahonda en las características que configuran su etnicidad: identidad, lengua, territorio, rasgos físicos y antepasados. Pero además se plantean cuestionamientos sobre su denominación, sobre la posibilidad de que se trate de una pluralidad de grupos y sobre su vínculo etnohistórico con el pueblo Waorani.
Complejidad social al final del período formativo tardío. La ceniza de la última erupción del volcán Pululahua (2400 A.P.) como marcador temporal
Authors: Figueroa Silvia
Published: April 2019

En varios sitios arqueológicos entre el valle de Quito y la provincia de Manabí, se ha podido identificar en su estratigrafía la(s) tefra(s) del último ciclo eruptivo del volcán Pululahua (2500 a 2400 años AP). En las zonas afectadas por este fenómeno natural, esta capa de ceniza es un referente cronoestratigráfico que coincide con el final del período Formativo Ecuatoriano. El material cultural encontrado bajo esta tefra muestra evidencia de relaciones sociales y de intercambio entre varios grupos humanos contemporáneos. Esta interrelación se dio a nivel regional e interregional, evidencia de esto es la presencia de obsidiana y cerámica de características Cotocollao a lo largo de la sierra y noroccidente de Pichincha, así como cerámica con características Chorrera hacia el norte, sur y este en la costa, hasta alcanzar la sierra. De esta red de relaciones surgen varias características socioculturales que sugieren existía complejidad social al final del período Formativo Tardío.
CURRENT SECURITY POLICIES IN TURKEY ON THE PERSPECTIVE OF DEFENCE INDUSTRY TECHNOLOGIES: A REACTIVITY-PROACTIVITY ANALYSIS
Authors: ERDİNÇLER Rahmi Erkut
Published: April 2019

 CURRENT SECURITY POLICIES IN TURKEY ON THE PERSPECTIVE OF DEFENCE INDUSTRY TECHNOLOGIES: A REACTIVITY-PROACTIVITY ANALYSIS Rahmi Erkut ERDİNÇLER* Abstract Today's world is facing with many security crises that are growing each day. Since its recent past, Turkey has been forced to deal with many high priority security issues, such as the Cyprus problem, separatist terrorist acts, and the Syrian Civil War. In order to solve these problems, Turkey has developed various strategies over time and has evolved into a more effective and proactive security understanding by taking lessons from the obstacles it faces in this sense. In particular, it has contributed a lot to the development of an effective and proactive security understanding by evolving from an almost completely foreign defence industry to a Turkish defence industry, which is increasingly becoming a leader in some specific technology sectors in the world. There should be no inhibitive barriers to achieve the objectives of the determined national policy with maximum efficiency and gain. Developing defence industry technologies reduce the “inhibitive” elements that pose obstacles to Turkey's security policies and enable Turkey to implement longer-term strategies. In this research, it is aimed to examine the security problems that Turkey has to struggle against and the policies it has developed from the perspective of defense industry technologies and to present a reactivity-proactivity review, especially on the recent past and today.
NANOTEKNOLOJİ’NİN ASKERÎ UYGULAMALARI ÜZERİNE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: ÖZER Yusuf
Published: April 2019

Modern dünyada toplumların gelişmesini sağlayan
önemli aktörlerden birisi teknolojidir. Geçmişten günümüze hızla ortaya çıkan
her yeni teknoloji, kendinden önceki teknolojilerin sahip olduğu etkilerin
azalmasına veya tamamen yok olmasına neden olmaktadır. 21’inci yüzyılın devrim
niteliği taşıyan teknoloji alanlarından birisi olarak görülen nanoteknoloji,
bahsedilen bu yeni teknolojiler içerisinde yer almaktadır. Günümüzde hızlı bir
gelişim gösteren nanoteknoloji hayatın her alanında etkisini göstermeye başlamış/başlayacaktır.
Nanoteknolojinin önemli uygulama alanlarından birisi askerî alandır.
Nanoteknolojinin askerî alandaki muhtemel etkileri konusunda farkındalık sahibi
olan ülkeler kendi milli nanoteknoloji girişimlerini oluşturmuşlar ve bu alanda
sessizce çalışmalarına başlamışlardır. Türkiye ise, henüz kendi milli
nanoteknoloji girişimini oluşturamamıştır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de bu yeni
teknoloji alanına ilişkin farkındalığın artırılması hedeflenmiş, geç kalınmış
olunsa da askerî alanda henüz başlamamış olan girişimlerin bir an önce
başlatılarak somut adımların atılmasının keyfiyetten zaruriyete dönüştüğü
vurgusu yapılmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda nanoteknoloji kavramı, güvenlik
perspektifinden tartışılmış ve geleceğe ilişkin öngörülerde bulunulmuştur.
Pasado y futuro en la construcción de una “Historia de Brasil” en el siglo XVIII
Authors: Pimenta João Paulo
Published: April 2019

A partir de la conjugación entre historia de la historiografía e historia de la colonización portuguesa en América, este artículo propone el uso de las categorías pasado y futuro desarrolladas por Reinhart Koselleck como herramientas para la comprensión de los significados de construcción de una Historia de Brasil en el siglo XVIII. En esta perspectiva, el trabajo recurre a los soportes formales de las narrativas sobre el pasado colonial portugués, de matriz setecentista y seiscentista, así como a otras fuentes relacionadas. En este sentido, el artículo reevalúa las formas narrativas que, en los años posteriores a la independencia brasileña, forjaron un relato histórico unificador del pasado nacional.
En busca de tinterillos. Intermediarios en el mundo indígena ecuatoriano durante el siglo xx*
Authors: Becker Marck
Published: April 2019

Este artículo aborda el papel de los abogados semiprofesionales, conocidos como tinterillos, en las comunidades indígenas de la sierra ecuatoriana, a partir de mediados del siglo XIX, quienes adquirieron una presencia aparentemente ubicua en las comunidades rurales del Ecuador. Muchas veces los tinterillos fueron parte de las élites locales con algo de educación. Inspiraban respeto entre los indígenas (quienes, en su mayoría, eran analfabetos) debido a su habilidad a manejar documentos escritos. Estos intermediarios comúnmente explotaron su posición privilegiada para su propio beneficio económico, social y político. Sin embargo, los indígenas llegaron a depender del apoyo de los tinterillos para denunciar ante el gobierno los abusos de los terratenientes. En ocasiones, en lugar de sentirse impotentes o víctimas, los indígenas aprendieron a negociar sus relaciones con esos intermediarios para su beneficio. El estudio de los tinterillos permite examinar las relaciones de poder que se negociaron entre diferentes culturas y a través de profundas divisiones de clase.
I've booked you a place, good luck: Applying behavioral science to improve attendance at high-impact job recruitment events
Authors: Sanders Michael , Kirkman Elspeth
Published: April 2019

Finding a job, especially in a recovering or uncertain economy, is challenging. Jobseekers Allowance (JSA) welfare benefit claimants in the United Kingdom have many competing options available to them in terms of how they direct their efforts in looking for work. Jobcentres, the organizations that support job seekers, have very strong links to the labor market and often run recruitment events in direct partnership with large employers seeking to hire in bulk. Attendance at these events, or any other specific job search activity, is typically low. This article reports the results of a randomized control trial designed to test the effectiveness of mobile phone text messaging in compelling jobseekers to attend such events. Tailored text messages are found to significantly increase the likelihood of attendance. We find text messages to be particularly effective when they seek to induce reciprocity and address low morale in the recipient.
SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS TINGKAT KERUSAKAN RUAS JALAN BERBASIS WEB
Authors: Lauryn Maya Selvia , Ibrohim Muhammad
Published: April 2019

Abstrak – Jalan merupakan suatu prasarana perhubungan darat dan jalur transportasi yang yang sangat vital. Salah satu fungsi jalan adalah sebagai faktor pendorong dalam proses pengembangan serta pemerataan pembangunan suatu wilayah. Bagi Pemerintahan jalan merupakan sarana transportasi yang berpengaruh dalam menjalankan roda perekonomian dan pemerintahan. Saat ini Dinas Pekerjaan Umum Kabupaten Serang masih kesulitan dalam menyajikan informasi data spasial dalam bentuk peta digital, masih kesulitan dalam melakukan pemeliharaan data kondisi jalan, serta  belum dipublikasikannya data kondisi jalan sehingga Masyarakat umum sulit memperoleh informasi tentang kondisi jalan tersebut. Sistem Informasi Geografis merupakan salah satu solusi untuk menyajikan data spasial tersebut.  Sistem Informasi Geografis adalah teknologi yang menjadi alat bantu untuk menyimpan, memanipulasi, menganalisis dan menampilkan kembali kondisi alam dengan bantuan data. Sistem informasi berbasis web ini dirancang menggunakan model UML (Unified Modelling Language) dengan bahasa pemograman PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) serta menggunakan MySQL  sebagai  databasenya. Aplikasi SIG yang digunakan yaitu ArcView, MapServer dan Pmapper. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa Sistem Informasi Geografis Tingkat Kerusakan Jalan Kabupaten Serang ini, diharapkan dapat bermanfaat bagi pemerintah khususnya Dinas Pekerjaan Umum Kabupaten Serang dalam penyajian Informasi kerusakan jalan.  Kata Kunci : SIG, Kerusakan Jalan.
‘KORDON MIASSOVO 1’ BURIAL OF THE SECOND QUARTER OF THE II MILLENNIUM IN THE MOUNTAIN-FOREST TRANS-URAL REGION
Authors: Shorin Aleksandr Fedorovich , Shorina Anastasiya Aleksandrovna
Published: April 2019

On the basis of the interdisciplinary analysis of archaeological and anthropological data, a source-study analysis of burial 2 of the medieval burial ground ‘Kordon Miassovo 1’ in the mountain-forest Trans-Ural region was carried out. The comparison of the features of the burial rite, the accompanying inventory and the anthropological type of this burial with the one previously excavated was made. This allowed identifying their belonging to the single ancient group, determining the chronological framework of this burial ground within the XIII-XVI centuries, and taking this monument to one of the Trans-Ural groups of the Chiyalik culture.
DIALECTICS OF TIME IN ROBERT ROZHDESTVENSKY’S “INDIAN” POEMS
Authors: Ostanin Vadim Vladimirovich , Konovalov Konstantin Vladimirovich
Published: April 2019

The article analyses “Indian” motives in Robert Rozhdestvensky’s creative work and considers his philosophy of time, which manifested itself in this aspect of his poetry. Analysing the poet’s creative work the authors identify the stages of his interest in India and its culture and conclude that the “Indian theme” runs through all his works. The specificity of Rozhdestvensky’s philosophical and dialectic conception of time is associated with “woman” image. The paper concludes on the necessity for further study of R. Rozhdestvensky’s poetical heritage.
PROFESSIONAL JAZZ VOCALIST’S FORMATION UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION (BY THE EXAMPLE OF THE INSTITUTE OF ARTS AND ARTISTIC EDUCATION OF VLADIMIR STATE UNIVERSITY NAMED AFTER ALEXANDER AND NIKOLAY STOLETOVS): KEY METHODS AND FORMS OF WORK
Authors: Vasil'eva Ekaterina Igorevna
Published: April 2019

The article analyses a professional jazz vocalist’s stage-by-stage formation and development in the process of higher musical education. The paper considers the problem of students’ low interest in studying vocal jazz in comparison with pop music. According to the author, relevant educational tasks in the process of teaching vocal jazz should include regular performance tasks focused on gradual adoption of jazz compositions, and the level of a student’s vocal and jazz competence depends on his efficient work with a teacher over the whole study period under the condition of strictly organized educational process.
ETHNIC TRADITIONS IN THE KABARDINO-BALKARIAN VISUAL ARTS
Authors: Bazieva Gul'fiya Dzhamalovna
Published: April 2019

The problem of preserving and developing traditions in visual arts is debatable due to ambiguous interpretation of the term “tradition” and multiplicity of views on the role of traditional art in modern artistic process. The article analyses the role of ethnic traditions in the formation and development of professional visual arts of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic. Scientific originality of the paper lies in the fact that the author examines the development of the Kabardino-Balkarian visual arts in historical dynamics (the 1960s - the beginning of the XXI century) and applies the culturological approach to the problems of preserving ethnic traditions in modern art. It is shown that the use of folk poetics helps to create a national artistic image both in the Soviet period realistic art and in the modern avant-garde.
PICTORIAL POSSIBILITIES IN DESIGNING NON-STANDARD ADVERTISING OBJECTS
Authors: Pashkova Irina Viktorovna
Published: April 2019

The author considers it important to carry out a comprehensive analysis of contemporary technologies and techniques used in modern advertising with the goal of studying their influence on pictorial possibilities in designing non-standard advertising objects and determining their effectiveness, role and place in advertising industry. The problem also implies the study of the qualitative level of the graphic and plastic means used in the visualization of the advertising idea to enhance the artistic expressiveness of modern advertising messages, their effectiveness and compliance with the modern society’s demands.
MATERIAL SITUATION OF THE PAROCHIAL CLERGY OF TULA EPARCHY IN 1945-1957
Authors: Efimushkin Pavel Alekseevich
Published: April 2019

The article is devoted to studying the material situation of the Orthodox clergy in Tula eparchy in 1945-1957. The author identifies the basic factors that influenced the regional priests’ income and material welfare, examines the measures taken by the priests to improve their material situation, analyses the regional peculiarities. The study is based on the reports of the Commissioner of the Council for the Affairs of the Russian Orthodox Church, which are rich in statistical data and provide a detailed description of particular cases in the eparchial life. The paper represents the tendency of regional studies development, which opens the possibility for more detailed study of the Church’s status in the USSR.
makalah manajemen proyeksi sistem informasi
Authors: prayoga refki
Published: April 2019

Manajemen atau pengelolaan proyek (selanjutnya ditulis manajemen proyek saja) adalah suatu disiplin ilmu pada era tahun 1950-an, Amerika bangsa yang pertama kali menggunakan ilmu manajemen proyek. Henry Gantt dapat dikatakan bapak dari ilmu manajemen proyek, dan namanya pun menjadi metode yang digunakan, bernama “Gantt Chart”. Perlu diingat bahwa mempelajari Manajemen Proyek itu tidak terlalu sulit, karena didalamnya terdapat hal-hal yang terbiasa dilakukan oleh manusia, hanya ditambahkan sedikit logika dan aturan yang khusus. Sedangkan Proyek itu usaha yang harus dilakukan dari awal hingga akhir pada suatu kejadian,yang mempunyai batasan waktu – anggaran – sumber daya yang dibutuhi oleh pelanggan. Meskipada akhir tujuan dari adanya proyek adalah untuk memuaskan pelanggan.
MODEL KOMUNIKASI DAN MENURUT AHLI
Authors: Putri Nadya Karina
Published: April 2019

Komunikasi pada zaman ini merupakan sebuah fenomena yang sudah tidak asing lagi bagi masyarakat awam di seluruh dunia. Komunikasi sudah seperti sebuah kebutuhan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Tiap orang di dunia saat ini, memerlukan komunikasi, baik itu dengan teman, rekan kerja, kantor, kelompok, dan lain sebagainya. Mereka seakan tidak bias dipisahkan dari yang namanya komunikasi.
Examining the influence of nudges on children's fruit and vegetable consumption
Authors: Sharps Maxine , Thomas Eleanor , Blissett Jacqueline
Published: April 2019

Purpose: Children’s fruit and vegetable consumption is lower than recommended and increasing consumption is important for children’s health. Nudges influence children’s eating behaviour, but less is known about their influence on children’s fruit and vegetable consumption. Two studies were conducted to examine this. Methods: Study 1 examined whether a fruit nudge (an image of grapes) on a plate influenced children’s fruit (grapes) consumption relative to a control condition (no image). In a between-subjects design, children (n=63, Mean age=8.9 years, SD=1.41, 38 females, 25 males, 73% had a healthy-weight) were randomly assigned to one of two conditions (fruit nudge vs. control). Study 2 examined the influence of a large portion nudge (an image of a large portion of carrots) vs. a small portion nudge (an image of a small portion of carrots) vs. control (no nudge) on children’s vegetable (carrot) consumption. In a between-subjects design, children (n=60, Mean age=8.53 years, SD=2.14, 31 females, 29 males, 85% had a healthy-weight) were randomly assigned to a condition. Results: In Study 1 children consumed significantly more fruit in the fruit nudge condition than the control condition. In Study 2 children exposed to the large portion nudge ate significantly more vegetables than the other two conditions. The small portion nudge did not affect children’s vegetable consumption relative to control. Conclusions: The results indicate that nudges influence children’s fruit and vegetable consumption, and that the portion size of the nudge may be key to whether the nudge influences children’s eating behaviour.
A bibliometric review of process mining in manufacturing processes
Authors: Silva Ramon Gomes
Published: April 2019

The process mining is essential when it is needed to know what is happening in the execution of the processes, even more when it is manufacturing processes. Also, there is a lack of studies on process mining in manufacturing processes, one reason is because the process mining still a young field of study. Therefore, this paper presents a bibliometric review of a history of the process mining techniques applied in manufacturing processes. It was used, as methodology, a systematic review of the literature, by consulting databases from Web of Science and Scopus, using filters to generate a sample that would match with the scope of the research. As results, it was made some analysis, which presents the identification of the years, authors, research source, countries, number of citations, keywords cloud and industry type used in the cases studied. Also, some graphics, tables and information is presented on this paper.
Model Pembelajaran PPKn di kelas rendah
Authors: tammardhiyah Radhia
Published: April 2019

Sebagai seorang guru kita harus mengetahui apa tujuan dari Pembelajaran yang akan kita laksanakan oleh karena itu kita perlu mempersiapkan diri sebelum memulai proses belajar mengajar baik dari segi mental begitu juga dengan kelengkapan administrasi yang mendukung Pembelajaran, seperti model, strategi dan metode pembelajaran.
Fluctuations in grandiose and vulnerable narcissistic states: A momentary perspective
Authors: Edershile Elizabeth A. , Wright Aidan G.C.
Published: April 2019

Theories of narcissism emphasize the dynamic processes within and between grandiosity and vulnerability. Research seeking to address this has either not studied grandiosity and vulnerability together or has used dispositional measures to assess what are considered to be momentary states. Emerging models of narcissism suggest grandiosity and vulnerability can further be differentiated into a three-factor structure – Exhibitionistic Grandiosity, Entitlement, and Vulnerability. Research in other areas of maladaptive personality (e.g., borderline personality disorder) has made headway in engaging data collection and analytic methods that are specifically meant to examine such questions. The present study took an exploratory approach to studying fluctuations within and between grandiose and vulnerable states. Fluctuations – operationalized as gross variability, instability, and lagged effects – were examined across three samples (two undergraduate and a community sample oversampled for narcissistic features; Total person N = 862; Total observation N = 36,631). Results suggest variability in narcissistic states from moment to moment is moderately associated with dispositional assessments of narcissism. Specifically, individuals who are dispositionally grandiose express both grandiosity and vulnerability, and vary in their overall levels of grandiosity and vulnerability over time. On the other hand, dispositionally vulnerable individuals tend to have high levels of vulnerability and low levels of grandiosity. Entitlement plays a key role in the processes that underlie narcissism and narcissistic processes appear unique to the construct and not reflective of broader psychological processes (e.g., self-esteem). Future research should consider using similar methods and statistical techniques on different timescales to study dynamics within narcissism.
Why Bosnian Church did not belong to Bogomilism? "Kr'stjani" (mystics) vs "Bogomili" (dualists)
Authors: Dardagan Amer
Published: April 2019

This paper in a simple and transparent way critically examines the rejected belief in science that Bosnian Church and its followers doctrinally and organisationally belonged to the dualist sect of Bogomilism. The research was carried out by a comparative analysis of the basic dualistic postulates of Gnosticism, Manichaeism and Bogomilism on the one hand and the available domestic sources of the Bosnian Church on the other. The importance of the work is reflected in the concise and detailed scientific argumentation that undermines "Bogomil Bosnian Church" myth, while offering a new scientific thesis on the religious and doctrinological affiliation of the "Bosnian faith" and the Bosnian "krs'tjani". In the first part, the paper deals with the problem of extreme and moderate dualism, with a special emphasis on the Neognostic, Neomanichaean and Bogomil communities in medieval Balkans. In the second part, the basic premises of Christian mysticism are given, including the possibility of its philosophical and theological compatibility with the teachings of the Bosnian Church, where for the first time the phenomenon of the name "kr'stjani" is explained in relation to the mystical union ("unio mystica").
Brazil's Missing Infants: Zika Risk Changes Reproductive Behavior
Authors: Rangel Marcos , Nobles Jenna , Hamoudi Amar
Published: April 2019

Zika virus epidemics have potential large-scale population effects. Controlled studies of mice and non-human primates indicate Zika affects fecundity, raising concerns about miscarriage in human populations. In regions of Brazil, Zika risk peaked months before residents learned about the epidemic and its relation to congenital anomalies. This spatiotemporal variation supports analysis of both biological effects of Zika infection on fertility and the effects of learning about Zika risk on reproductive behavior. Causal inference techniques used with vital statistics indicate that the epidemic caused reductions of approximately one-quarter in birth cohort size 18 months after Zika infection risk peaked, but 10 months after public health messages advocated childbearing delay. The evidence is consistent with small, but not statistically detectable, biological reductions in fecundity, as well as large strategic changes in reproductive behavior to temporally align childbearing with reduced risk to infant health. The behavioral effects are larger for more educated and older women, which may reflect facilitated access to information and to family planning services within high-risk, mosquito-infested urban locations, as well as perceptions about the opportunity costs of risks to pregnancy and infant survival.
Perencanaan Hotel Resort Pulau Jemur Dengan Pendekatan Arsitektur Tradisional
Authors: Arum Rizki Kurnia , Silva Hendri , Imbardi Imbardi
Published: April 2019

Pulau Jemur  berada di Kabupaten Rokan Hilir, pulau ini terletak  disebelah timur laut dan berjarak sekitar 700m dari pulau labuhan bilik, Pulau ini merupakan gugusan Kepulauan Aruah. Pulau Jemur memiliki potensi alam yaitu pasir putih, penangkaran penyu, sunrise, batuan terjal dan lain sebagainya. Selain untuk berwisata pulau ini dapat dijadikan sebagai pusat edukasi penangkaran penyu.

Terkait dengan  hal tersebut dibutuhkan perencanaan akomodasi seperti perencanaan Hotel Resort dengan pendekatan Arsitektur Tradisional. Adapun tujuan perencanaan yaitu untuk menemukan planning dan programming serta konsep perancangan Hotel Resort Pulau Jemur.

Metode penelitian yang di gunakan yaitu metode analisis terhadap pelaku/manusia, metode analisis lingkungan, dan metode analisis bangunan. Adapun hasilnya berupa konsep dengan penerapan Arsitektur Tradisional suatu bangunan dan menghasilkan hasil sebuah rancangan.
The Mediterranean food pattern: a good recipe for patients with the metabolic syndrome
Authors: Vidurrizaga-De Amezaga C.A. , Zulet M.A. , Marti A. , Martinez-Gonzalez M.A. , Martinez J.A.
Published: April 2019

The metabolic syndrome is a complex condition characterized by dyslipidaemia, high blood pressure, impaired glucose tolerance and abdominal fat accumulation. Subjects with the metabolic syndrome are at high risk of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. A comprehensive approach is required for patients suffering this cluster of clinical manifestations. Indeed, subjects with the metabolic syndrome could benefit from life-style modifications, particularly through exercise and diet. In this article, the evidence regarding the role of diet, in particular the role of food patterns based on the Mediterranean-style diet, in preventing and treating the metabolic syndrome are reviewed.
Thickened beverages for dysphagic patients. Data and myth
Authors: Riso S. , Baj G. , D'Andrea F.
Published: April 2019

Thickeners are knowing a period of technological development and growing popularity mainly due to their low cost and widely flexible use. This increasingly use of thickeners in the clinical practice has not been paralleled by an adequate understanding of the features of the products available on the market. Our review points out a confounding scenario characterized by the lack of agreement on relevant points affecting the final prescribing decision making process. This should encourage the scientific community to propose common language and standards in order to define shared practical guidelines with the aim to fit the wide spreading offer of different products to the peculiar needs of each patient.
Dietary therapy in diabetic pregnancy: recommendations
Authors: Di Cianni Graziano , Fatati Giuseppe , Lapolla Annunziata , Leotta Sergio , Mannino Domenico , Parillo Mario , Pipicelli Giuseppe
Published: April 2019

As a further elaboration of our systematic definition of nutritional therapy in diabetic patients, this booklet looks at the delicate but very important question of the diabetic woman's diet during pregnancy. The recommendations were drafted by diabetologists and nutritionists who have specifically studied the problems of nutrition in pregnancy, and are backed by the Italian Association for Clinical Dietetics and Nutrition (ADI), the Association of Medical Diabetologists (AMD), and the Italian Society for Diabetology (SID). The synergism of this joint effort has produced a document that we sincerely hope will help all members of teams who tackle this vital issue in diabetes in their daily work.
A multicentric prospective open trial on the quality of life and oxidative stress in patients affected by advanced head and neck cancer treated with a new benzoquinone-rich product derived from fermented wheat germ (Avemar)
Authors: Sukkar Samir G. , Cella Franca , Rovera Giuseppe M. , Nichelatti Michele , Ragni Giuseppe , Chiavenna Giovanni , Giannoni Antonello , Ronzani Giovanni , Ferrari Claudia
Published: April 2019

Background and aim: Anorexia/cachexia syndrome is frequently correlated with increased oxidative stress (OS). A fermented wheat-germ extract with a standardized benzoquinone content (brand name Avemar) has been shown to exert an intense antioxidant activity with no side effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Avemar in patients affected by head and neck cancer, correlating the variations with OS with the quality of life as assessed by the Spitzer's index. Patients and methods: A cohort of 60 patients affected by head and neck tumours (stage IIIa, IIIb, IV) were enrolled in the study following an open-label protocol. The patients were assigned to two subgroups, A or B. Group A was treated with conventional oncological therapy alone, and group B was treated with Avemar in addition to standard therapy. After 2 months only 55 patients survived and could be evaluated (29 in the control group and 26 in the Avemar group). Each patient was checked for circulating concentrations of hydroperoxides using the FRAS III test. Results: The levels of OS significantly decreased after 2 months in the group receiving Avemar (group). The value of Spitzer's index was significantly higher in group B, attesting to an improved quality of life. Conclusion: Although the specific active substance in Avemar has not yet been identified, the reduction in free oxygen radicals induced by it is correlated with a clinically significant improvement in the quality of life in patients with advanced cancer.
Malnutrition and chronic heart failure
Authors: Pasini Evasio , Aquilani Roberto , Dioguardi Francesco Saverio
Published: April 2019

Malnutrition in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) is not always as severe as muscle wasting in the same patients. Our data showed that 24% of patients with CHF had malnutrition (serum albumin < 3.5 g/dl) while 68% had muscle atrophy. This apparent discrepancy can be explained by considering the metabolic role of the striate muscle. The striate muscle maintains body metabolic performance by continuous exchange of fuel (amino acids) with other organs such as the liver. This happens when the subject is suffering from malnutrition or is starving, and it is regulated by the ratio of catabolic to anabolic molecules such as hormones or cytokines. Glucose is produced when amino acids are metabolized in the liver by gluconeogenesis. Malnutrition, muscle wasting and the frequent progression to cachexia can be reduced by the use of specific therapeutic agents such as cytokines and/or catabolic hormone antagonists. This is because cytokines and catabolic hormones, with consequent insulin resistance (IR), can cause muscle wasting. An alternative and/or complementary therapy may be exogenous supplementation with amino acids. Amino acids: are rapidly absorbed independent of pancreatic activity, reduce IR, induce production in the liver of anabolic molecules such as growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor, and modulate catabolic hormone-mediated effects on adipocytes. Research on the most suitable qualitative and quantitative amino acid composition for an alternative and/or complementary therapy is being undertaken in different research centres.
Effect of supplementation with fortified olive oil on biochemical markers of bone turnover in healthy women
Authors: Vignini Arianna , Nanetti Laura , Raffaelli Francesca , Petrini Francesca , Tiano Luca , Littarru Gian Paolo , Mazzanti Laura
Published: April 2019

Osteocalcin (OC) is a bone Gla protein synthesized by osteoblasts which have a high affinity for calcium. To adequately carboxylate OC to form carboxylated OC (cOC), the osteoblasts require sufficient vitamin K. If vitamin K is deficient, under-carboxylated OC (ucOC) is produced. The ratio between ucOC and cOC (UCR) as well as the levels of circulating ucOC are used as indicators of the vitamin K status of bone. The aim of the present study was to compare the vitamin K status of bone by measuring the plasma levels of ucOC and UCR in healthy adult women before and after 3 weeks of oral supplementation with 20 ml/day Petrini Plus extra virgin olive oil. Petrini Plus is an organic olive oil enriched with vitamins D3, K1 and B6. Enrolled in the study were 15 healthy female volunteers (aged 25–40 years). Plasma levels of ucOC and cOC were measured by ELISA. ucOC was found to be reduced and UCR was reduced by 44% after Petrini Plus olive oil supplementation. Petrini Plus extra virgin olive oil might therefore be useful for bone protection as it was able to counteract bone loss in healthy volunteers.
Nutritional status and oxidative stress in an elderly Sardinian population
Authors: Mandas Antonella , Congiu Maria Gabriella , Balestrieri Cinzia , Mereu Antonello , Iorio Eugenio Luigi
Published: April 2019

Weight loss and overweight/obesity – frequent consequences of malnutrition – may impair functional status and worsen concomitant morbidities in the elderly, often through changes in oxidative balance. In order to verify the relationships between these factors, a group of elderly people living on the island of Sardinia (Italy) underwent health and nutritional status assessment and oxidative balance evaluation. The elderly subjects had significantly higher d-ROMs test and body mass index (BMI) values than controls (d-ROMs 325.4 ± 66.3 vs. 295.4 ± 58.9 CARR U, p = 0.006; BMI 28.0 ± 4.6 vs. 21.7 ± 1.4 kg/m2, p < 0.0001). The risk of malnutrition in the elderly subjects was evaluated with the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), which showed that 32 of the 111 elderly subjects (28.8%) were at risk of malnutrition, of whom 11 (34%) were overweight and 10 (31.2%) obese. Oxidative stress was negatively and significantly correlated with nutritional status. Oxidative stress may precede malnutrition, even in the absence of weight loss. Routine evaluation of nutritional status and oxidative balance in the elderly may help identify an early risk of malnutrition so that treatment can be personalized.
Whey protein, as exclusively nitrogen source, controls food intake and promotes glutathione antioxidant protection in Sprague-Dawley rats
Authors: Sukkar Samir G. , Cella Franca , Patriarca Stefania , Furfaro Anna L. , Abate Francesca , Ferrari Claudia , Balbis Emanuela , Traverso Nicola , Cottalasso Damiano
Published: April 2019

The inclusion of whey protein concentrates (WPC) in the diet can lead to a decrease in food intake. Considering that excessive food intake and weight gain are correlated with increased oxidative stress and other risk factors, the anorectic action of WPC may have important clinical implications. The aims of the current study were to verify the effects of WPC in comparison with those of casein on food intake, weight, and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and total glutathione (GSH) concentrations in the blood and liver with or without oxidative stress induced by oral carbon tetrachloride intoxication. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a balanced liquid diet for 3 weeks. Half of the rats received WPC (group P), while the control group received casein (group C). Group P rats ate significantly less than group C rats (p < 0.0001), and their weights decreased significantly. After carbon tetrachloride intoxication, there was a significant increase in GSH in rats of group P compared with the levels in rats of group C both in the liver (GSH group P 4,994 ± 652.6, group C 2,196 ± 323.2 nmol/mg, p < 0.01) and in the blood (GSH group P 1,368 ± 69.56, group C 1,088 ± 48.35 nmol/ml, p < 0.05). These findings indicate that WPC is effective in reducing food intake and preventing weight gain, and it may also play a protective role against oxidative stress by increasing glutathione synthesis in the liver.
Enteral nutrition in geriatric patients
Authors: Berner Yitshal N.
Published: April 2019

The elderly are an important part of the population. They are more frail, more often sick and it takes them longer to get better; therefore they consume a larger proportion of health services. Nutrition is adjuvant to medical treatment. Swallowing disorders are common in elderly patients. These may be manifestations of different neurological disorders, but the most common swallowing disorder is deconditioning during acute illness. Enteral nutrition bypasses the swallowing system, using nasogastric tubes or percutaneous gastric and enteric tubes. These feeding technologies can supply the needs of the elderly patient. Nevertheless, rehabilitation of the swallowing system, giving the elderly patient optimal functionality, is our main task. In addition to the medical treatment, logotherapists also have a crucial role in swallowing rehabilitation. Enteral nutrition (EN) is an essential part of geriatric medicine.
Nutritional concerns of cancer patients and their families
Authors: Patella M.N. , Goldin D. , Aggujaro M. , De Gobbi L. , Giarretta R. , Michieli E. , Pallini P. , Ronzani G. , Salice E. , Fiduccia P. , Pertile R. , Fedele D.
Published: April 2019

Aim and methods: Nutrition, unhealthy lifestyles and cancer appear to be strictly related, but few authors have analysed the interest in dietary information of cancer patients and their families. This survey was conducted in the Veneto area (Italy) to investigate the concern of cancer patients and their family members about diet as a health tool before and after diagnosis of cancer. Results: Seven hundred and four questionnaires were collected: 380 from cancer patients and 324 from family members of cancer subjects. Breast cancer (BC) was the most frequent disease for patients (61.8%) as well as families (26.5%). Generally, the importance of having precise diet information after diagnosis is recognised by 40.3% of patients, with significant differences between the various types of cancer: gastric and colon/rectum cancer (GCC) patients were more concerned than BC women about precise information concerning a diet to follow immediately after diagnosis (p = 0.000, ODs = 3.10, CI 1.68–5.71) or during treatments (p = 0.001, ODs = 2.67, CI 1.46–4.89). The nutritional information is supplied to patients in 34% of cases and to relatives in 30.3%, often from non-medical sources. In total healthcare workers (family doctor, oncologist, surgeon, dietician) represented the exclusive source of dietary information for 24.9% of patients and 22.9% of family members. Diet after diagnosis changes in 69.1% of GCC patients and in 39.2% of BC women. Relatives, particularly women, report difficulties preparing patients' meals in 30.7% of cases, changes in the eating habits of the entire family in 29.9% and discontent connected with patients diet in 13.9%. The concern about proper nutrition after diagnosis increases more in GCC subjects (p < 0.025) when compared to BC subjects and in patients with more recent diagnosis (p < 0.041) when compared with patients with diagnosis >5 years ago, while in family members the interest in diet after diagnosis increases more in women than in men (p < 0.030) without other differences regarding the degree of relationship, type of cancer or diagnosis time. Relatives (92.7%) have more interest in nutritional education than patients (74.9%). Cancer patients <65 years were more interested in educational initiatives concerning nutrition (p = 0.000, ODs = 4.46, CI 2.6–7.4) than older patients (>65 years) and female subjects were more concerned than male patients (p = 0.008, ODs = 2.11, CI 1.2–3.6). Conclusions: The interest in the dietary knowledge and in educational initiatives concerning nutrition is high in cancer patients and their relatives, although it decreases with the age. The poor attention paid to nutrition of cancer patients by various healthcare workers deserves consideration, since the psychophysical wellbeing and perhaps also survival of cancer patients can be improved by correct dietary management, as well as, naturally, by the principal treatments themselves.
Plasma lipid effects of corn oil and extra-virgin olive oil in hypercholesterolaemic subjects: a randomised, controlled trial
Authors: Cicero Arrigo F.G. , D'Addato Sergio , Fiorito Alessia , Poli Andrea , Gaddi Antonio V.
Published: April 2019

The aim of our study was to directly compare the metabolic effect of monounsaturated fatty acid rich oils and polyunsaturated fatty acid rich oils on the plasma lipid pattern of moderately hypercholesterolaemic subjects under controlled isocaloric condition. After a 30-day run-in diet, 44 healthy Caucasian subjects with moderate hypercholesterolaemia were randomly assigned to one of four different isocaloric diets, differing only regarding the oil used (corn oil, corn oil supplemented with vitamin E, extra-virgin olive oil or different self-selected oils), for 45 days. At the end of the study, when compared to the baseline value, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterolaemia was significantly lower only in patients taking corn oil (−13.9%; 95%CI −5.9 to −20.1; p = 0.02) or corn oil with added vitamin E (−19.1%; 95%CI −6.9 to −24.1; p = 0.03). Differences in plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and triglyceride levels from baseline levels and between the four diets did not reach statistical significance.
Infant fortified cereals (IFC) in a Syrian paediatric population
Authors: Bozo M. , Al-Abdeh R.
Published: April 2019

Objective: This research was performed in order to define the prevalence of the introduction of infant fortified cereals (IFC) in the first year of life and the practical aspects of IFC preparation and practices. Materials and methods: A prospective study was conducted in Damascus Hospital in the emergency room. A sample of 100 children was studied over a period of five months from February 2008 to June 2008. The information was gathered using a questionnaire. Results: It was observed that IFC had been introduced in 50% of the sample; 94% of mothers had introduced IFC before the 6th month of age. The role of doctors in the prescription was limited to only 18%. Mothers' estimation in preparing the IFC meals was incorrect in 96% of the sample and 76% of the errors were intentional; 54% added other ingredients and 7.4% prepared the meal with tea. Conclusions: IFC were consumed by 50% of the sample. Many errors were made in the preparation of IFC. Much effort is required in the future to improve children's nutrition.
Assessment of fruit and vegetable preferences in a group of school children in grades 1 and 5
Authors: Calabrese G. , Sozzi L. , Maj M. , Rossi F.
Published: April 2019

The aim of our work was to assess the level of fruit and vegetable consumption in the meal provided by the school canteen, also assessing the degree of appreciation for the different fruit and vegetable types. Our focus was on school children in grades 1 (6 year olds) and 5 (10 year olds) so as to cover a broad age range and to assess how tastes and fruit and vegetable intake vary as a function of age. The children's liking of fruit was not homogeneous; oranges were the most appreciated fruits among 6 year olds while apples and kiwis were the least appreciated. The 10-year-old school children showed no statistically significant differences in their liking of certain fruit types. Fruit intake during the school meals was enough to meet a considerable amount of the vitamin C requirements, above all when oranges, kiwis and strawberries were eaten. Eating apples makes it possible to cover more than 10% of the fibre requirements. This is of great importance given its fundamental role. Although to a lower extent than vitamin C, fruit intake also allows a considerable percentage of the K nutritional requirements to be met, covering up to 28% in the case of bananas. As far as vegetables are concerned, tomatoes are the most popular among 10 year olds; given their high vitamin C content they make it possible to significantly cover the vitamin C requirements (24.5–34.1%). An important role is also played by the intake of carrots in relation to covering the retinol requirements (43.45% in grade 1 and 66.58% in grade 5).
Effects of a nutritional intervention in overweight/obese breast cancer patients
Authors: Patella M.N. , Ghiotto C. , Pertile R. , Fiduccia P. , Bozza F. , Pluchinotta A. , Zanetti L. , Zavagno G. , Cavestro M. , Fedele D.
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Today breast cancer (BC) patients can expect more prolonged survival than in the past, but obesity at diagnosis and/or weight gain during adjuvant therapies increase the risk of recurrences as well as of weight-related disorders (diabetes, cardiovascular disease … ). Therefore lifestyle intervention might offer a valuable approach to positively influence the prognosis of survivors. Design and objectives: The charts of 189 overweight/obese outpatients with “early-stage BC” were reviewed to evaluate the effects of nutritional intervention on weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and metabolic parameters. After the first clinical evaluation, in 97 subjects (education group), dieting therapy and periodical medical examinations were connected with brief individual sessions of nutritional education. Instead, 92 patients (no-education group) were treated only with diet and routine visits. At baseline and after nearly 1 year of treatment, data (weight, waist circumference, BMI, systolic and diastolic pressure, metabolic parameters and results of a battery of self-administered questionnaires to assess Nutritional Knowledge (NK), Physical Functioning (PF) and Quality Of Life (QOL) of patients) were collected and compared. Results: Ninety-two (48.7%) patients completed a one-year follow-up. The dropout rate was higher (73.2%) in traditionally treated women (no-education group) than in education group patients (22.8%); these data highlight that more educated patients completed the programme than non-educated patients (ODs 9.2, p < 0.000). The low follow-up rate makes any comparison between the 2 types of treatment impossible since the weight and metabolic changes of the vast majority of the non-educated subjects remain unknown. Anyway, the education group patients, in active follow-up at 1 year, showed significant weight loss (−6.6 kg, SD 3.7) and improvements of metabolic parameters and questionnaire scores. Conclusions: Data from the study show the usefulness of this simple nutritional education intervention, which appears to increase the adherence to a weight loss programme. In educated patients who completed a 1-year follow-up, the weight reduction and metabolic changes were significant, but the analysis was carried out on less than half of the subjects and this very high global dropout rate (51.3%) makes it impossible to draw generalised conclusions.