bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessments on a Geropsychiatry Unit
Authors: Rubin Eugene H. , Kinscherf Dorothy A.
Published: April 2007

Mood, cognition, behavior, and function are each assessed at least weekly on an inpatient geropsychiatry unit. The performance in each of these four spheres near discharge is examined in relationship to initial performances. Mood is relatively independent of the other spheres with the final mood assessment correlating only with mood near the time of admission. Final cognitive, behavioral, and functional performances are related to initial performances in these three spheres but are not significantly correlated with the initial performance in the mood sphere. ( J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 1990;3:17-20).
Hydergine Treatment and Psychophysiological Measures in Primary Degenerative Dementia
Authors: Kuskowski Michael A. , Morley Gerald , Malone Stephen M. , Dysken Maurice W. , Okaya Amy
Published: April 2007

Changes in smooth pursuit eye movements and the P300 component of the auditory evoked potential were studied in patients with primary degenerative dementia during a double-blind, placebo-controlled study of ergoloid mesylates (Hydergine). After 18 weeks of treatment, P300 latency and amplitude, recorded at three scalp electrode sites, had not changed significantly. Smooth pursuit gain was elevated for the drug group under some stimulus conditions, suggesting a normalization of pursuit eye movement functioning. However, the results of several other measures of the quality of pursuit eye movements failed to corroborate this finding. ( J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 1990; 3:41-47).
The Dexamethasone Suppression Test in Dementia: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Skare Stacy , Pew Becky , Dysken Maurice
Published: April 2007

To examine the utility of the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) in the differential diagnosis of depression in elderly demented patients, we reviewed the literature and focused on four components of this question: (1) cortisol nonsuppression rates in dementia; (2) cortisol nonsuppression and dementia severity; (3) cortisol nonsuppression in demented versus depressed patients; and (4) cortisol nonsuppression following antidepressant treatment. A combined analysis of 27 articles showed cortisol nonsuppression in 60% of patients with concurrent dementia and depression, in 47% of patients with depression only, in 41% of patients with dementia only, in 46% of patients with multi-infarct dementia, in 36% of patients with primary degenerative dementia, and in 10% of controls. The abnormal DST rate in demented patients was not significantly different from the abnormal DST rate in depressed patients. Eight of 12 studies (67%) did not find a significant relationship between DST results and dementia severity in dementia patients without depression. Twelve of 13 studies (92%) did not find a relationship between age and DST outcome. The data we reviewed do not support the use of the DST in discriminating between depression and dementia or between dementia subtypes. ( J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 1990;3:124-138) .
of Amino Terminal and A4 (β-Amyloid) Antigens in Alzheimer Plaques: Evidence for Coordinated Processing of the Amyloid Precursor Protein
Authors: Tate-Ostroff Barbara , Majocha Ronald E. , Walcott Elisabeth C. , Ventosa-Michelman Montserrat , Marotta Charles A.
Published: April 2007

The mechanism by which the A4 (β-amyloid) domain of the Alzheimer amyloid precursor protein (APP) is deposited in plaques is unknown, and limited information is available concerning the extent to which other APP sites are associated with plaques. To address these issues, we prepared antiserum to a peptide adjacent to the N-terminus of the APP (referred to as N1) and examined its distribution in brain relative to A4 by double-immunostaining techniques. Anti-N1 localized to both neurons and glia in control and Alzheimer patients. In the Alzheimer brain, anti-N1 detected plaques. Quantitation revealed that 85% of thioflavin-positive plaques, and 91% of A4-positive plaques were also N1 positive. Double-staining methods directly demonstrated colocalization of distant APP sites. The data suggest that proposed mechanisms for amyloid deposition during plaque formation must take into account the extracytoplasmic domain, in addition to the A4 region, rather than be confined exclusively to the A4 site. ( J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 1990;3:139-145).
Psychostimulant Treatment of Geriatric Depressive Disorders Secondary to Medical Illness
Authors: Pickett Patricia , Masand Prakash , Murray George B.
Published: April 2007

The records were reviewed for 129 medically ill geriatric inpatients treated with either dextroamphetamine or methylphenidate for secondary depression during a five year period at the Massachusetts General Hospital. Eighty-one percent of patients demonstrated at least some improvement following psychostimulant treatment. Sixty-six percent of these experienced marked to moderate amelioration of their depressive symptoms. Improvement was rapid and usually occurred within the first or second day of treatment. No significant difference in efficacy was noted between the two psychostimulants or across diagnostic categories for depression. Only 8% of patients experienced adverse reactions significant enough to warrant termination of the psychostimulant trial. No instances of anorexia due to psychostimulant treatment were observed. ( J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 1990;3:146-151).
Utilization of a Two-Channel, Microprocessor-Based EEG Device for Monitoring Cognitively Vulnerable Patients
Authors: Katz Ira R. , Sussman Neil M. , Mossey Jana , Muenz Larry , Harner Richard N. , Jethanandani Vijay
Published: April 2007

Several experiments were conducted to validate the use of a two-channel microprocessor-based electroencephalographic (EEG) device for detecting changes in EEG background rhythm in the clinic or at the bedside. The reliability of background measures in healthy individuals was evaluated by obtaining EEG data on 20 control subjects on two occasions separated by at least 1 day. The sensitivity to an experimental toxic encephalopathy was evaluated using measures of EEG and the Buschke Memory Selective Reminding Test after the administration of scopolamine hydrobromide, 0.86 mg subcutaneously, to three healthy volunteers. Postdrug measures of the EEG showed significant group differences from controls at 1 and 2 hours for relative alpha and relative theta power. The drug-induced change for each individual exceeded the predicted range calculated from data on control subjects. These findings suggest the feasibility and the potential utility of this method. This approach was extended to the elderly with measures on 102 subjects (average age, 85 years) living in an institutional setting. EEG measures in the population were of acceptable reliability and were significantly correlated with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores (r = -.375 for theta and .357 for beta). Preliminary findings suggest that this method may detect metabolic encephalopathies in the elderly. The study demonstrates the potential value of this approach and suggests the need for further research. ( J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 1990;3:155-162) .
Subcortical Structural Changes in ECT-Induced Delirium
Authors: Figiel Gary S. , Ranga K. , Krishnan R. , Murali Doraiswamy P.
Published: April 2007

A prolonged (interictal) delirium was induced by electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in 6/36 (17%) elderly depressed patients. Brain magnetic resonance imaging or brain computerized axial tomography revealed structural changes in the basal ganglia and white matter in all six patients who developed delirium. These findings are consistent with our previous work and with several lines of data that have implicated the basal ganglia and subcortical white matter in the development of delirium from other causes. These results suggest that lesions in these areas may predispose one to developing an interictal delirium during a course of ECT. ( J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 1990;3:172-176).
Barriers to achieving the water and sanitation-related Millennium Development Goals in Cancún, Mexico at the beginning of the twenty-first century
Authors: Domínguez Aguilar Mauricio , García De Fuentes Ana
Published: April 2007

This paper discusses some of the barriers faced by the city of Cancún, Mexico, to making progress towards Millennium Development Goal targets on extending safe water and basic sanitation. It analyzes the socioeconomic, political, demographic, environmental and land use dimensions that surround problems of access to safe drinking water and improved sanitation services in the city. These services are central to the health and well-being of Cancún's population, urban environmental quality and the city's economy, all of which are important components of sustainable development. These issues are considered within six zones in Cancún that relate to its different historical stages of development: areas that were urbanized (or fully served) before being settled (the hotel zone and mainland city centre); informal settlements that are fully or almost fully urbanized; and newer low-income squatter settlements on the urban periphery and in the peri-urban area. The paper shows the dramatic differences in the quality of provision for water and sanitation between different zones and how this depends on four factors: the present extent of infrastructure; the current social and economic development model; various institutional considerations; and the attitudes and behaviour of the social actors involved in the urbanization process. The paper concludes with some proposals on how to address deficiencies in water and sanitation services in Cancún.
`Interrupted by fits of weeping
Authors: Evans Kathleen M.
Published: April 2007

The letters of Marcus Tullius Cicero (106—43 BC), the Roman statesman, lawyer, orator and author, were analysed as par t of a larger study that systematically examined ancient Greek and Roman literature to recover descriptions of mental illness. A degree of necessar y caution was exercised, but the wealth of material revealed in the letters about Cicero's physical and emotional state enable a diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder to be made with some certainty according to the DSM-IV-TR. Cicero appears to have exper ienced increasingly severe bouts of suicidal depression that seriously impaired his relationships with his friends, family and political colleagues, and possibly shortened his life. His last depressive episode following the death of his daughter Tullia is addressed here in some detail.
Client organizations in a corporatist country: pensioners' organizations and pension policy in Sweden
Authors: Feltenius David
Published: April 2007

In this article, the relevance of Paul Pierson's argument about the important role played by organizations for welfare clients is scrutinized. This is done through a case-study of pensioners' organizations in Sweden and their influence on pension policy between 1980 and 2002. In terms of Pierson's argument, Sweden is considered to be a least likely candidate, because its strong labour movement is expected to crowd out other organized interests from the policy process. The investigation reveals, however, that pensioners' organizations have been able to exert influence on pension policy on different occasions. Their influence is explained by their high rating as an organization, which enables them to represent an important group of voters. These findings contradict previous research suggesting that client organizations are weak, particularly in corporatist countries with a strong labour movement, and demonstrate that Pierson's argument also has relevance in such countries.
Conceptual Change and Paradigm Change
Authors: van Haaften Wouter
Published: April 2007

Paradigm change is a special type of conceptual change, but what makes it special? A useful strategy for analysing conceptual changes is to identify and then contrast the respective sets of judgement criteria in play before and after the change. Several types of conceptual change can thus be structurally distinguished within moral, aesthetic as well as cognitive domains. This strategy also makes it possible to identify the specific structure of what Kuhn called paradigm change, which I suggest can be seen as a form of criterion mutation and concomitant domain transformation. This fits well with the claim made in recent conceptual change literature that there is a structural similarity between various forms of collective and individual conceptual change, particularly in the history of the sciences and corresponding approaches to science education. In both cases, local incommensurability between the stages, as opposed to acommensurability, is the hallmark of paradigm change.
Playing by the Rules
Authors: Levin-Rozalis Miri
Published: April 2007

The research reported here attempts to reveal the complex relationships between `law' and social behavior. The assumption is that social representations are the socio-cognitive mechanism that creates social behavior; thus, revealing the social representation of `law' can give us an explanation of social behavior as it is related to law. The social representation of law among members of the divided Israeli society is very complex. It simultaneously embodies obedience to and violation of the law, freedom and limitations, negative experiences, and criticism of the law, together with an understanding of its importance. The social representations of the law among our interviewees permits them to experience a feeling of autonomy, while keeping behavior within normative limits to uphold the law. Interviewees were also found to believe that the law is the strongest instrument available to ensure that society is protected and the status quo preserved. The law is seen as the defender of democracy, the weapon for coping with unstable security and the guardian against social and political chaos. By revealing the complex construct of the social representations of `law', we reveal the mechanism that controls the social behavior related to `law', including obedience or disobedience and the social logic for these behaviors.
Development of hairy cell leukemia in a patient with antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: Diz-Kucukkaya R. , Dincol G. , Kamali S. , Kural F. , Inanc M.
Published: April 2007

We present a young woman who was diagnosed as primary antiphospholipid syndrome (deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in 1999; moderate thrombocytopenia with high-positive anticardiolipin ELISA tests in 2002, and cerebral thrombosis in 2003), and then developed hairy cell leukemia (massive splenomegaly, neutropenia, hairy cells in blood smear and bone marrow trephine biopsy in 2004). A partial remission was achieved with interferon-alpha 2a therapy. After the initiation of 2-chloro-deoxyadenosine therapy, splenomegaly disappeared, the percentage of hairy cells on the bone marrow reduced below 1%, platelet count returned to normal levels. After complete remission was achieved for hairy cell leukemia proved by bone marrow trephine biopsy, antiphospholipid antibodies were found to be negative, and no further thromboembolic complications and thrombocytopenia were seen. In our literature search, we found only six cases that had both antiphospholipid antibodies and hairy cell leukemia. Our case is the first case of antiphospholipid syndrome before the development of hairy cell leukemia. Both hairy cell leukemia and antiphospholipid syndrome responded to lymphocytotoxic treatment with 2-chloro-deoxyadenosine. Lupus (2007) 16, 286—288.
Bosentan use in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Mok M.Y. , Tsang P.L. , Lam Y.M. , Lo Y. , Wong W.S. , Lau C.S.
Published: April 2007

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is uncommon but is associated with poor survival. This study aimed to examine the long-term effects of bosentan, a dual endothelin-1 receptor antagonist, on symptomatology, haemodynamics and quality of life measures in SLE patients with symptomatic PAH. Four local patients had been followed up prospectively with pre-defined protocol during 12-months of bosentan treatment. Six minute walk distance (6MWD), NYHA functional class, Borg Dyspnoea Index (BDI) and SF-36 were measured at 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. Systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) was measured by transthoracic echocardiography at zero, six and 12 months. Clinical parameters were analysed, pooling data from other SLE patients reported in the literature ( n = 4). Bosentan was found to result in significant improvement in 6MWD compared to baseline [+24.8 m, +26.2 m, +54 m and +62.7 m at three ( P = 0.001), six ( P = 0.001), nine ( P = 0.24) and 12 ( P = 0.01) months respectively]. A differential effect was found with greater response in patients with lower exercise capacity. This was accompanied by decrease in NYHA functional class, BDI, transient or sustained drop in systolic PAP and mild improvement in SF-36 domains including mental health, vitality, social function and general health. Significantly deranged liver function was found in one patient. Lupus (2007) 16, 279—285.
Capillaroscopy is a dynamic process in mixed connective tissue disease
Authors: de Holanda Mafaldo Diogenes A. , Bonfá E. , Fuller R. , Correia Caleiro M.T.
Published: April 2007

To determine the clinical relevance of `scleroderma-pattern' (SD-pattern) in mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD), 63 (MCTD) patients (Kasukawa's criteria) were consecutively selected. The main inclusion criterion was availability of previous nailfold capillaroscopy (NC) five years before inclusion. At entry, organ involvement and autoantibody evaluation were performed. The mean age and disease duration were 45.3 ± 10 and 8.45 ± 5.42 years, respectively. SD-pattern was observed in 41 patients at entry (65%) and in 45 at previous NC (71.5%), P = 0.20. Ten patients (16%) changed NC, seven normalized, and three developed SD-pattern. Disease duration, number and frequency of organ involvement were similar in patients with and without SD-pattern. In contrast, analysis of each SD-pattern parameter revealed a significantly lower frequency of moderate/severe avascular areas (AA) at entry compared to previous examination (26.5 versus 53%, P = 0.013). Moreover, 76% of patients with interstitial lung disease (HRCT) had AA at entry, whereas only 24% of patients with this alteration did not have this NC finding ( P = 0.017). Furthermore, reduced capillary density was more frequently observed in patients taking immunosuppressive therapy than in those without this medication (66.7 versus 33.3%, P = 0.001). NC in MCTD is a dynamic process and analysis of each SD-pattern parameter seems to be a good indicator of lung involvement and disease severity. Lupus (2007) 16, 254—258.
Disease activity as a major risk factor for osteonecrosis in early systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Fialho S.C.M.S. , Bonfá E. , Vitule L.F. , D'Amico E. , Caparbo V. , Gualandro S. , Pereira R.M.R.
Published: April 2007

This study Identifies the possible risk factors for osteonecrosis (ON) in a homogenous group of early system lupus erythematosus (SLE). Forty-six consecutive SLE patients (<5 years duration) followed at the Lupus Clinic, were enrolled between 2004 and 2005. An extensive clinical and laboratory evaluation using a standard electronic protocol established since 1999, including osteonecrosis symptoms and appropriate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), were carried out at 1—6 months intervals. All other asymptomatic for osteonecrosis patients at study entry underwent MRI. ON confirmed by MRI was found in 10 of 46 patients (22%). Age, disease duration, clinical vascular features, frequency of thrombophilia and hypofibrinolysis factors and the lipoprotein profile were comparable in patients with and without osteonecrosis ( P > 0.05). Remarkably, the frequency of patients with system lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI) ≥8 in the previous year of osteonecrosis clinical diagnosis was significantly higher when compared to patients without this manifestation (60.0% versus 19.4%, P = 0.011), supported by the higher glucocorticoid cumulative dose in the same period ( P = 0.045). In contrast, these two parameters evaluated in 13th—24th months preceding osteonecrosis diagnosis were similar in patients with and without osteonecrosis ( P > 0.05). In the logistic regression analysis only SLEDAI remained as an independent risk factor for ON (OR = 6.78, CI = 1.05—43.55, P = 0.04). Disease activity in the previous year of ON clinical diagnosis is the main predictor factor for the development of this complication in early SLE. Lupus (2007) 16, 239—244.
Myocardial infarction in young patients (≤35 years of age) with systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report and clinical analysis of the literature
Authors: Korkmaz C. , Cansu D.U. , Kaşifoğlu T.
Published: April 2007

The present study aims to report a-20-year old girl with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who developed myocardial infarction (MI) and also aims to review acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in young SLE cases (≤35 years) reported in the literature. We conducted a comprehensive review of the English literature from 1975 to 2006 to analyse data on MI in SLE patients who had developed AMI either at 35 or earlier. In 32 English articles, we identified 49 SLE patients, plus our case, with AMI. They consist of 41 female and nine male patients, their mean age being 24 ± 6.4 years (range of 5—35). Disease duration varied between 0 and 13 years. The lag time between the onset of the SLE manifestations and development of AMI was 7.7 ± 5.4 year (range of 1 month to 20.5 years). We divided the patients into three subgroups according to their coronary involvement type (Group I: normal coronary artery or coronary thrombosis ( n = 16); Group II: coronary aneurysm/arteritis ( n = 12); Group III: coronary atherosclerosis ( n = 22)). The lag time between the onset of the SLE manifestations and development of MI in the subgroups showed variations: Group I < Group II < Group III. Both prevalence of renal involvement and steroid therapy were higher in patients with coronary atherosclerosis than were in Group I. There were one or more risk factors for atherosclerosis in 39 SLE patients. AMI in young SLE patients may be seen, albeit rare. We suggest that clinicians should have a low threshold for cardiac evaluation in patients with SLE. Also, traditional risk factors could be managed through preventive measures. Lupus (2007) 16, 289—297.
A General Much Maligned: The Earl of Manchester as Army Commander in the Second Newbury Campaign (July to November 1644)
Authors: Wanklyn Malcolm
Published: April 2007

The disappointing performance of the Eastern Association army in the campaign fought in the Thames valley theatre of war in October and November 1644 compared with its previous history has been attributed to the shortcomings of its commander, Edward Montagu, Earl of Manchester. This paper shows that much of the criticism of Manchester's generalship was propaganda of dubious validity produced after the campaign by Oliver Cromwell and his political allies, and that a good case can be made for Manchester's strategic and operational competence.
Regional Restructuring of the Škoda Auto Supplier Network in the Czech Republic
Authors: Pavlínek Petr , Janák Luboš
Published: April 2007

This article examines the regional restructuring of the supplier base of SkodaAuto, a vehicle manufacturer in the Czech Republic (Czechia). We investigate the tiered structure of the Škoda suppliers in Czechia by classifying 232 Czech-based Škoda suppliers in three distinct tiers and comparing the differences in the distribution between the foreign-owned and domestic suppliers in these tiers.We explore the changes in the spatial distribution of the Škoda suppliers in Czechia since the beginning of the post-socialist economic transformation in the early 1990s, which are linked to the tiering of the supplier base and to the differences among the individual tiers in the type of the supplied components and in the timing of component deliveries. Both the processes of concentration and dispersion are identified.We then analyse the relationships between the location of the Škoda suppliers within Czechia and their basic characteristics such as their size, ownership, age and position in the supplier tier. Based on the results we consider the geographic differences in the regional development potential of the Škoda supplier network in Czechia.
Rethinking Local and Regional Development
Authors: Hadjimichalis Costis , Hudson Ray
Published: April 2007

This article focuses upon the practicalities of what people actually do and can do in the present era of neo-liberal globalization to build more progressive local and regional development strategies in Europe. To do so, we introduce three examples of'alternative' local and regional development activities in Europe: (a) social economy projects to tackle problems of localized social inequalities and local development; (b) public sector procurement and related intiatives to create healthier diets; and (c) participatory municipal budgets as a means to make radical participatory democracy a practical proposition. We discuss the issues that arise from them in terms of a radical local and regional development strategy and how they help to re-formulate our theoretical agendas and research practice. Unlike many uncritical studies of `successful' places that then seek mechanistically to transplant the bases of `success' as `off the shelf ' blueprints to be applied in and to other places we instead see these examples as providing an alternative framework for thinking about local and regional development that adapts more general principles (such as those of equity, accountability and democracy) to the specifics and local and regioanl circumstances.
New Spatial Configurations in the European Automobile Industry
Authors: Bordenave Gérard , Lung Yannick
Published: April 2007

Based on a forecasting study of the geography of the European automobile industry, this paper analyses first its spatial hierarchy corresponding to a regional vertical division of labour within different countries in a centre-periphery framework. Central functions (marketing, planning, R & D, luxury and upper range car assembly, etc.) located in the 'Banane Bleue', are attracted by the centre of gravity in southern Germany, whereas peripheral functions (assembly of small cars, production of generic components) are decentralized to southern European countries, and now eastern countries. Secondly, the paper identifies factors governing its evolution: changes in production organization (technological innovation, lean production) and their impacts on the location of activities (through a desegregated approach to location constraints on different activities: assembly, manufacturing, generic and specific components, etc.), as well as the new competitive context on the European market (arrival of new competitors, reduction of overcapacity, new niches, etc.). Thirdly, a sketch of the spatial configuration of the European automobile industry in 2005 is proposed on the basis of two opposite modalities of complementary spatial dynamics: on one side, concentration versus decentralization of assembly plants; on the other side, polarization or dispersion of upstream activities. Their intersection leads to four possible scenario-configurations: agglomerated unipolar, dispersed unipolar, multipolar and continental integration. Finally, conditions which would encourage or, alternatively, impede each scenario are discussed.
Attraction, Competition and Regional Development in Europe
Authors: Hallin Göran , Malmberg Anders
Published: April 2007

This paper deals with one particular representation of the increasing interest in regional issues in contemporary Europe: the proliferation of academic studies and consultancy reports aiming to assess the attractiveness and competitiveness of cities and regions. At the heart of the paper is a review of a number of such studies. Some of them set out to identify the 'hottest' regions for investors, often presenting their results in various forms of rankings or league tables. Others try to identify systemic transformation in the overall patterns of urban and regional change in Europe. Most studies, however, regardless of whether they see regional development as primarily driven by endogenous or exogenous processes, focus on the regions' set of factor endowments : the more richly endowed a region is, the greater is its chance to prosper in a situation where regions are seen to be engaged in a European - or even global - competition over development opportunities. In the latter part of the paper, we challenge this view. With reference to current research on industrial dynamics, we argue that sustainable regional strength is built on a continuously upgraded knowledge base, rather than on general factor endowments. Furthermore, we question the validity of the metaphor according to which regions compete with each other to develop.
Facets of Societal and Organisational Cultures and Managers' Work Related Thoughts and Feelings
Authors: Sinha Jai B.P. , Sinha R.B.N. , Bhupatkar A.P. , Sukumaran Anand , Gupta Parvinder , Gupta Rajen , Panda Abinash , Singh Shailendra , Singh-Sengupta Sunita , Srinnas E.S.
Published: April 2007

The study is part of the ongoing efforts to identify the dimensions of societal and organisational cultures, the impact of the former on the latter, and their combined influence on managers' work related thoughts and feelings. A sample of 674 middle level managers at seven locations in India responded to a questionnaire that was developed from the items that samples of managers had provided in the first phasr of the study.

Four major societal dimensions—hypocrisy, corruption, inaction, and respect to power—were shared across locationr. Three additional dimensions—quick rich disposition, face keeping, and non-work orientation—were differently endorsed at different locations. Organisations were perceived to have eight dimensions: entrepreneurial, exploitative, familial, burtaucratic, growth-oriented, patronising, professional, and parochial. All managers were pasitive about their work, although locations had an impact on how managers rated their achieving brhaviours and job satisfaction.

The seven locations varied in their infrastructural facilities that had a sweeping impact an societal, organisational, and managerial dimensions of beliefs, preferences, and practices. Societal factors had a significant impact on organisational factors, and both affected managers' achieving behaviour and job satisfaction, although some ofthe organisational factors also impactrd on societal factors.
Globalisation and Managing Organisational Culture Change: The Case of Turkey
Authors: Sinangil Handan Kepir
Published: April 2007

Globalisation has led to acceleration and vast change not only in technology and work processes, but alro in organisational culture. Organisational culture is one of the few concepts that have been variously defined in social science literature. Schein (1997) focuses on the various subsystcms in organisations whose function is to deliver the products or services stemming from the organisations basic mission. He argues that each subsystem develops its own culture, and it is those cultures that often become the primary target of organisational transformation efforts. Organisational cultures seem to have a high impact on orgnisational development.

Within such a basic framework, the objective of this study is to observe and manifest the dynamics of organisational culture and change in a midsize (n = 2056), family owned industrial organisation. Both quantitative and qualitative measurement approaches are used. The results reveal that the organisational culture changed during the organisation's 40-year lifespan.
Survivors' Suffering and Healing Amidst Changing Socioeconomic Forces in Two Years of Post-Earthquake Kachchh
Authors: Kumar Ravi Priya
Published: April 2007

The impact of natural disasters on survivors has been a thrust area in psychological research since the early twentieth century. However, the discipline's strong adberence to a set of "scientific" methods has rendered the research in this area also to be acultural, ahistorical and apclitical through the use of the diagnostic category, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A culture sensitive study of the impact of the carthquake that hit Kachchh district in January 2001 has been going on. This study provides an account of the socio-historically rooted suffering and bealing of the survivors over a period of 2 years in post-carthquake Kachchh. An ethnographic approach was adopted which provided the methodological flexibility to incorporate the changing socioeconomic context and its impact on the suffering and healing processes. The paper also sensitises one to the issues of the healing process that is under threat as the social support networks have been devastated by the dynamic socioeconomic forces.
Caste, Education, Family and Stress Disorders in Orissa Supercyclone
Authors: Suar Damodar , Khuntia Rooplekha
Published: April 2007

Examines (a) the determinants of posttraumatic stress, and (b) the impacts of caste status, educational level, and family size on stress disorders. Structured interview sessions were used to obtain data 3 months after the Orissa supercyclone. The sample comprised 130 cyclone exposed praple. Disaster victims experienced more intrusion and arousal symptoms, and less avoidance and numbing symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder. The avoidance and numbing symptoms were "decisive" symptoms to arrive at the diagnosis of such a stress disorder. Fifty % of the victims suffered from posttraumatic stress. Anxiety and externality of survivors intensified post-tranmatic stress but deprrssion failed to predict such stress. Survivors from low castes, being less educated, and from larger families were more vulnerable to stress and distress than those from high castes, being more educated, and from small families.
Modeling of Finite-Length Spatially-Distributed Induced Strain Actuators for Laminate Beams and Plates
Authors: Wang Bor-Tsuen , Rogers Craig A.
Published: April 2007

A model for laminate beams and plates with attached or embedded finite- length spatially-distributed induced strain actuators has been formulated and is presented. A conservation of strain-energy model was developed by equaling the applied moment on the cross section of the edges of actuators to determine the induced linear strain distribu tion and the equivalent axial force and bending moment induced by the actuators. Results show that the strain-energy model for a thin laminate beam agrees well with the pin-force madel. In addition, more general conditions were included in this work; for example, mul tiple actuators can be embedded in any layer of laminate. The concept of the conservation of strain-energy model for beams was also extended to a two-dimensional problem- plates. Classical laminate plate theory for spatially-distributed induced strain actuators de veloped previously by the authors is revised here to include the use of the strain-energy model. This work also compares several developed models and a fnite element formula tion. A simple approach to the application of induced strain actuators to the vibration and noise control of laminate beams and plates is provided.
Control of Position and Bending-Torsion-Coupled Vibration of Rotating Elastic Plate Using Double Tendon Mechanisms
Authors: Yoshida Kazuo , Imanaga Katsuhiro
Published: April 2007

For a control method of position and bending-torsion-coupled vibration of a rotating plate, a control method using double trapezoid tendon mechanisms is presented in this study. The proposed trapezoid tendon mechanisms consist of two control sticks, two pairs of wires and two driving sticks individually driven by motors.

First, the modeling of the proposed mechanism is carried out by applying the Lagrange's equation method and the modal expansion technique. Secondly, by formulating the crite rion function to take into account the square sum of the rotation angle, the bending, stress and the torsion angle of a thin plate, the optimal control law is derived. Finally, in order to investigate the usefulness of the mechanism, computer simulations and experiments were carried out. To summarize the results, it was demonstrated that the proposed control mechanism is useful for the controls of both the positioning and the vibrations.
The Five-Factor Model and Career Self-Efficacy
Authors: Hartman Robert O. , Betz Nancy E.
Published: April 2007

The present study investigates the hypothesis that the big five personality factors could exert two kinds of effects on career self-efficacy: (a) generalized or nonspecific effects and (b) domain-specific, content-correspondence effects. The hypothesis is examined using relationships of the NEO Five-Factor Inventory to 24 distinct domains of career-related self-efficacy—confidence for the six Holland themes, 17 basic dimensions of vocational activity represented by the Expanded Skills Confidence Inventory, and career decision self-efficacy. Findings suggest generalized effects for conscientiousness and extraversion in that both correlated positively with a broad range of self-efficacy domains, while neuroticism displayed significant negative relationships with nearly all forms of career self-efficacy. Content correspondence was shown in significant correlations of openness to experience with self-efficacy for creative and intellectual pursuits. Findings are evaluated in light of recent empirical and theoretical developments relating to the integration of trait and social-cognitive perspectives.
Career Interests, Self-Efficacy, and Personality as Antecedents of Career Exploration
Authors: Nauta Margaret M.
Published: April 2007

Career interests and self-efficacy (using J. L. Holland's realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising, and conventional types for both) and the big five personality dimensions (openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism) were used to predict college students' career exploration behaviors approximately 18 months later. Among 113 college students, none of the predictors was associated with subsequent environmental exploration. However, after controlling for gender and year in school, five of six interest types, one self-efficacy type, and two personality dimensions were associated with subsequent self-exploration. Whereas realistic, artistic, and conventional interests; artistic self-efficacy; and openness were positively associated with self-exploration, investigative and enterprising interests and extraversion were negatively associated with such exploration. Implications for theory, research, and intervention are presented.
The Reliability and Factor Structure of the Career Decision Self-Efficacy Scale-SF With African Americans
Authors: Chaney Demetris , Hammond Marie S. , Betz Nancy E. , Multon Karen D.
Published: April 2007

The present study, based on a sample of 220 African American college students, sought to examine the utility of the Career Decision Self-Efficacy Scale (CDSE) for African Americans. Values of coefficient alpha indicated reliability similar to that found in predominantly White samples. A four-factor structure best represented the data, with a large first factor emphasizing information gathering and decision making. However, the factor structure could also be interpreted relative to time orientation, from most immediate tasks (“choose a major") to those further away temporally (“choosing a career," “interviewing for a job," and “changing jobs if needed"). The students studied herein reported higher levels of career decision self-efficacy than found in previous samples, but cautions in interpreting this finding are suggested. Overall, more research on both measuring career decision self-efficacy and providing career decision interventions within African American samples is recommended.
Exploration and Validation of the Differential Status Identity Scale
Authors: Thompson Mindi N. , Subich Linda M.
Published: April 2007

In response to the developing critique of traditional sociological measures of social class, the Differential Status Identity Scale (DSIS) was developed. The DSIS is a measure designed to tap the psychological impact on the individual of belonging to a particular social status. Internal consistency reliability and construct, convergent, and criterion validity of the DSIS were examined for a sample of 454 college students. The present data lent much support to DSIS as a new psychological measure of social status.
Bibliography of Cross-Cultural Studies: Supplement II
Authors: O'Leary Timothy J.
Published: April 2007

The second supplement to O'Leary's 1969 bibliography of cross-cultural studies is presented.
Communicating Cancer Control to the Public
Authors: Butler Matilda , Paisley William
Published: April 2007

A fifty-year historical review of public communications research, an analysis of factors influencing communication effectiveness, descriptions of fifteen cancer public communication programs, and recommendations for future cancer communications programs are presented The programs described were specific to five cancer sites, were targeted to six types of audiences and included several types of educational objectives and communication modes. Recommendations include greater use of social science literature and evaluative designs in program planning; cooperative research to provide data suitable for educational diagnosis; and standardization of evaluation results to document effectiveness of techniques and strategies.
Pilot Study of Discussion Groups for "Worried Well" Patients in an Ambulatory Care Setting
Authors: Ross Helen S. , Collen F. Bobbie , Soghikian K.
Published: April 2007

Two pilot discussion groups were conducted for patients who met selected criteria indicating they were worried well patients (not requiring conventional medical care services). The objective of the groups was to explore and demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing an educational approach conducted by pamprofessional personnel, under physician supervision, for helping to meet the needs of such patients, thereby reducing utilization of more expensive physician resources. The findings indicated that 50 pencent of the patients reduced the number of visits to the physician, and 60 percent perceived the experience as helpful.
The Health Team Training Model: A Teaching-Learning Approach in Community Health
Authors: Carlton William
Published: April 2007

Health science students worked as members of interdisciplinary health teams as the teams provided services to multiple-problem Appalachian families. The family became the focus of attention in care delivery while the Problem-Oriented Medical Record (POMR) and the family health plan were used by the teams to provide services. Intra- team issues that evolved included communication, decision making, leadership style, and role identity.
Changes in Health Care Ideology In Relation to Self-Care by Families
Authors: Pratt Lois
Published: April 2007

Health care is shifting from a professional-independent to a business-bureaucratic orientation. Both professional and business ideology have been unfavorable to the development of self-care and a strong health care role for families. But business ideology contains more loopholes for the emergence of a higher level of family self-care activity. The shift forces consumers to take a cautious posture in the marketplace, encouraging active management of their own health care. Hoivever, families will obtain government support for their self-care activities and a policy-influential role in health system governance only through organized political action.
Research and Demonstration Issues in Self-Care: Measuring the Decline of Medicocentrism
Authors: Green Lawrence W. , Werlin Stanley H. , Schauffler Helen H. , Avery Charles H.
Published: April 2007

Emergence of consumer health self-care is a reflection of the increased commitment of health professionals to patient education, growing consumer awareness that they are capable of sophisticated self-help, and a variety of social, economic and technological currents. These currents are reviewed and a survey of existing medical self-care programs is summarized The attempts and potentials to evaluate these programs are critically examined

A number of important research and demonstration issues are raised including the determination of behavioral outcomes, technical limits, and manpower implications. A federal program of replicative studies on such issues would provide substantive knowledge in the self-care field, generalizable to the larger field of health education, but the hazards of undermining the voluntaristic and non-establish ment character of the programs must be considered in designing evaluative studies.
Health Locus of Control and Health Value in the Prediction of Smoking Reduction
Authors: Kaplan Gordon D. , Cowles Ann
Published: April 2007

Thirty-five participants in a smoking cessation program met weekly for seven weeks in small groups and then were assigned to one of four follow-up procedures for an additional eight weeks. Information on smoking levels was obtained at the beginning of the program, at the end of the seven-week treatment period, at the end of the two-month follow- up period, and during an additional five-month extended follow-up period. As hypothesized from social learning theory, individuals who held internally-oriented health locus of control beliefs and who valued health highly were most successful in achieving and maintaining changes in their smoking behavior. These results are discussed in terms of their implications for the problem of maintenance of behavior changes achieved by smoking cessation programs.
The Effects of Perceived Management Concern for Frontline Employees and Customers on Turnover Intentions
Authors: Alexandrov Aliosha , Babakus Emin , Yavas Ugur
Published: April 2007

This study develops and tests a turnover intentions model, which examines the effects of frontline employees' perceptions of management concern for employees and customers on turnover intentions, mediated by job satisfaction and affective organizational commitment. Using this model as a framework, the authors explore the role of employment status (full-time vs. part-time) as a moderator of the aforementioned relationships. The results indicate that perceived management concern for employees and customers has significant effects on employees' turnover intentions. Employment status moderates the relationships between perceived management concern for employees and affective organizational commitment, perceived management concern for customers and job satisfaction, and affective organizational commitment and turnover intentions. Implications of the findings are discussed and future research avenues are offered.
Modeling the Repatronage Behavior of Business Airline Travelers
Authors: Harris Jennifer , Uncles Mark
Published: April 2007

A central theme in brand choice is the modeling of the drivers of repatronage behavior. The work reported here focuses on a particular service context—airline repatronage. The distinct problems of model specification in this context are discussed. Various models of airline repatronage are estimated using random effects probit modeling. It is found that although performance perceptions and punctuality of the airline have a role to play, in particular in terms of choice on the next purchase occasion, past purchase behavior is the key driver of repatronage. This is evident across the various models that we examine, suggesting that the findings are robust. Implications of the modeling approach and the findings are briefly discussed in relation to the airline context and service marketing more generally.