bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La disparition forcée : répercussions psychologiques et deuil traumatique
Authors: Laribi Soraya
Published: September 2022

La « disparition forcée », expression apparue dans le droit international en 1978, est une arme de terreur qui se mondialise comme le révèlent les rapports alarmants d’Amnesty International. « Ni mort, ni vivant », le disparu dont les traces ont été effacées demeure omniprésent dans l’esprit de sa famille et de ses proches qui poursuivent d’incessantes démarches et réclament le « droit de savoir » ainsi que le « droit à la vérité ». En proie à un deuil traumatique, ils effectuent également divers rituels afin de pallier l’absence de corps mais ceux-ci sont souvent contrariés en raison de l’instrumentalisation politique et mémorielle de la question des disparus dans certains pays.
Deuil social et intime chez Tolstoï, Woolf et Proust
Authors: Maruggi Maria
Published: September 2022

Cette étude propose d’analyser l’écriture du deuil dans La mort d’Ivan Ilitch de Tolstoï, À la recherche du temps perdu de Proust et Les Années de Woolf. Ces écrivains, par le biais de l’écriture, ont traduit une nouvelle vision du deuil qui se fait jour à la fin du XIXème. Le deuil est décliné dans toutes ses facettes : de la ritualisation à l’ironie et à la théâtralisation du rite, on passe au deuil vécu avec un sentiment de culpabilité à cause de l’inéluctable oubli auquel il est destiné.
De féminin/masculin à féminité/masculinité
Authors: Marie Pierre
Published: September 2022

Les Gender studies ont permis une reprise du message subversif de la psychanalyse et constituent à ce titre une véritable cure de jouvence pour l’œuvre de Freud dont on avait oublié la radicalité. Toutefois, lorsqu’on lit avec attention la réflexion de Judith Butler, on reste confondu devant l’hyperconstructivisme revendiqué qui l’apparente à un néo-kantisme inavoué, comme si Butler n’avait pas perçu la mise en abîme par Freud de la métaphysique moderne. D’où l’urgence d’un dialogue entre Gender studies et psychanalyse qui ne pourrait être que fécond.
L’en-quête des adolescentes « trans »
Authors: Croix Laurence
Published: September 2022

« Trans », un signifiant ? Un symbole ? Pour qui ou pour quoi ? Que camoufle ce préfixe et dans quel objectif ? Nous essayons ici de comprendre ce nouveau phénomène social qui touche les plus jeunes et qui, sous ce préfixe « trans », interroge nos concepts psychologiques, nos représentations psychopathologiques et nos pratiques cliniques et éducatives. À partir d’une enquête qualitative sur quarante cas de jeunes mineurs qui ont « transitionné », nous nous intéresserons ici plus précisément à trente-quatre adolescentes. Le phénomène, produit par la rencontre sur le Net avec une « identité authentique », telle une révélation, sera mis à l’étude comme une épidémie mystique contemporaine.
Le clitoris ou « le mépris de l’homme ». Retour sur une double castration
Authors: Bonnet Marie-Jo
Published: September 2022

Le clitoris est l’objet d’une résistance dans le milieu médical tout en étant devenu, ces dernières années, une sorte d’étendard de la révolution féministe post-MeToo. Il est connu depuis le xvii e  siècle au moins pour être « le siège du plaisir en la femelle », comme l’écrit Thomas Bartholin dans ses Tables anatomiques. Mais c’est précisément cette caractéristique qui va poser problème au discours savant. Car si elle en fait un équivalent du pénis, « en beaucoup plus petit », précisons-le, elle en fait aussi un rival bien encombrant. En effet, certaines femmes abusent du clitoris et s’accouplent ensemble. Au xx e  siècle, le clitoris devient l’organe de la masturbation et du « tribadisme », au point que des médecins n’hésitent pas à en « retrancher une partie » pour limiter ces excès. Même Freud se croit obligé de neutraliser son importance en l’inscrivant dans une histoire du développement psychologique de la petite fille qui serait liée à la fixation préœdipienne à la mère avant de passer à l’attachement au père et donc à l’homme. Nous verrons comment cette dualité inscrite dans le corps des femmes n’a pu être pensée, ni articulée ensemble. Il en résulte un clivage plaisir/reproduction qui a confronté les femmes à un double bind patriarcal (« imite moi comme modèle mais ne m’imite pas comme rival ») sur fond de double castration, physique et symbolique dont le « primat du Phallus » demeure le représentant victorieux.
La modificación de la comunicación profesional debido al uso de metáforas profanas y espirituales en un contexto de teletrabajo
Authors: Levy Aldo , Arreola Fernanda
Published: September 2022

Les organisations ont été confrontées à la montée de la pratique religieuse, lors du Covid19 et du confinement des personnes dans leurs logements. De fait, l’éthique de l’entreprise et la morale personnelle ont été géographiquement conjointes. Alors que l’activité de l’entreprise conserve son caractère légal quand une personne travaille à domicile, un tel contexte interroge la moralité et la légitimité de la vie privée. Les métaphores, spirituelles et profanes, issues de ces corpus étanches, pourraient constituer des opportunités de cohésion plutôt que des dissensions. Comme l’usage des représentations spirituelles en télétravail, métaphoriques ou symboliques a de fait augmenté, les personnels sont plus impactés par les métaphores cultuelles physiques et numériques en distanciel.
Vers un droit de propriété des données personnelles
Authors: Bensoussan Alain
Published: September 2022

Les défis liés à « l’émergence permanente de nouvelles technologies et l’omniprésence des traitements de données à caractère personnel dans tous les champs de la vie », encore récemment soulignés par la présidente de la CNIL, Madame Marie-Laure Denis 1 , placent plus que jamais la data au centre de toutes les attentions et, avec elle, la question de la propriété des données personnelles, de leur patrimonialisation et du droit à terme pour tout un chacun de monnayer ses propres informations 2 .
Pilotage par les données et l’IA en santé : faire vivre l’écosystème de la « Garantie humaine » MedTech et HealthTech !
Authors: Gruson David
Published: September 2022

PariSanté Campus est le nouvel écosystème majeur de la santé numérique en France et au plan international. Il inscrit dans ses orientations prioritaires le développement d’une filière Healthtech et Medtech forte, centrée sur le pilotage par les données et l’intelligence artificielle (IA) en santé. L’attractivité de la France et de l’Europe passera non seulement par le déploiement de technologies et de méthodologies innovantes sur ces thématiques, mais également par un engagement conséquent dans une dynamique forte de régulation éthique positive centrée sur le nouveau principe de « Garantie humaine » de l’IA.
La recherche internationale et la protection des données
Authors: Bujan Gaëlle
Published: September 2022

La recherche évolue à l’échelle mondiale dans ses fondements, ses valeurs et ses réseaux d’experts. À l’ère du numérique, l’accélération des échanges et les perspectives de recherche accompagnent une diffusion des savoirs, dont les limites sont sans cesse repoussées. Simultanément, les risques sont nouveaux et démultipliés ; ils sont associés à des impératifs d’intégrité, d’éthique et de respect des personnes. La réglementation s’adapte à ce mouvement : elle vise à responsabiliser les acteurs, à contribuer à la confiance de la société dans la recherche et devient de plus en plus protectrice des droits et des personnes. Dans cet environnement évolutif et d’apparence contraignant, les organismes de recherche ont mis en place des politiques favorisant la culture de la protection des données et la réalisation de leurs objectifs à l’échelle internationale. Recherche internationale et réglementation relative à la protection des données ne sont ainsi pas incompatibles.
La CNIL face aux enjeux de la construction d’une société numérique de confiance
Authors: Maury Étienne
Published: September 2022

Assurer la confiance au temps du numérique répond pour la CNIL à des enjeux juridiques et réglementaires, mais aussi éthiques, technologiques, économiques et sociétaux. Son action et son rôle évoluent, celle-ci devant faire face à des défis multiples, qui sont non seulement nationaux mais aussi européens et internationaux, compte tenu de la géographie de l’économie numérique globalisée. L’appréhension de ces défis constitue le cadre dans lequel la CNIL inscrit sa stratégie pour répondre aux problématiques actuelles et à venir. À la nécessité de garantir l’effectivité du droit fondamental à la protection des données personnelles s’ajoutent des enjeux connexes et intrinsèques à l’évolution de l’écosystème numérique, que ce soit en matière d’accompagnement et d’innovation, mais aussi de développements législatifs et réglementaires au niveau européen.
Les données sont-elles devenues le premier enjeu de la cybercriminalité ?
Authors: Freyssinet Éric
Published: September 2022

Les données sont au cœur des enjeux de la cybersécurité, en tant que cible principale des cybercriminels et comme outil non seulement pour ces mêmes délinquants mais aussi pour les défenseurs des systèmes d’information. Cette préoccupation concerne tant les données à caractère personnel que l’ensemble des données sensibles des organisations. Et les risques ne sont pas liés qu’aux célèbres rançongiciels, même s’ils constituent la menace la plus dynamique.
Expériences de bâtiments passifs ou à énergie positive
Authors: Gontier Pascal
Published: September 2022

À partir de la fin des années 1990, la prise en compte des économies d’énergie s’invite progressivement dans le débat architectural. Par paliers successifs, les niveaux d’exigence évoluent. Au départ, focalisés sur les consommations de chauffage, ils concernent aujourd’hui l’ensemble des postes de consommation et s’ouvrent à la problématique du carbone. L’engagement environnemental de mon agence d’architecture, depuis sa création, nous a conduit à accompagner ce mouvement, en devançant les évolutions, lorsque cela est possible, et en allant au-delà des exigences réglementaires ou programmatiques, avec la conviction que les défis énergétiques et environnementaux sont tels qu’ils ne peuvent pas se satisfaire de simples solutions normatives ou techniques. Les enjeux environnementaux sollicitent le monde de l’architecture dans son ensemble. Celui-ci est désormais confronté à de nouveaux défis. Il est en effet invité à aller encore plus loin dans la sobriété énergétique et la décarbonation, tout en rendant nos bâtiments et nos villes résiliants face au changement climatique.
Définition et typologie des véhicules intermédiaires
Authors: Bigo Aurélien , Héran Frédéric , Jacquemin Hélène , Lesay Thomas , Luciano Francisco , Saladin Jean-Luc , Sivert Arnaud , Tholence Benoît , Tonnelier Patrick , Trauchessec Élodie , Trouvé Benoît
Published: September 2022

L’article propose d’abord une définition simple des « véhicules intermédiaires », à savoir : tous les modes individuels de moins de 600 kg entre le vélo classique et la voiture. Il en tire ensuite une typologie plus accessible que la réglementation européenne, assez obscure pour le profane.
Examining the causes and impacts of pipeline disasters in Nigeria
Authors: Johnson Francis I. , Laing Richard , Bjeirmi Bassam , Leon Marianthi
Published: September 2022

The effect of pipeline vandalism among other pipeline disasters has been drastic on the Nigerian economy. The research aims to examine the level of awareness of stakeholders on the immediate and remote causes of pipeline disasters in Nigeria. This involved comprehensive review of literature along with semi-structured and open-ended interviews (as a pilot study) to enrich and strengthen the literature in Nigerian context and subsequently follow-up with semi-structured questionnaire survey; analyzed through content analysis using both descriptive and inferential statistics. In the methodology, three levels were adopted: confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), measurement model and structural model in the carrying out of structural equation modelling (SEM) analysis. The CFA analyzes the relationship between the dominant's variables and their related indicators. Based on the analysis carried out, activities of vandals has the highest influence on pipeline disasters. Human impacts resulting from pipeline disasters are very significant in Nigeria. Also, ecological impacts resulting from pipeline disasters have been extremely significant in Nigeria. There is high level of awareness of pipeline disasters among the different stakeholders interviewed.
Least energy sign-changing solution for a fractional $ p $-Laplacian problem with exponential critical growth
Authors: Cheng Kun , Huang Wentao , Wang Li
Published: September 2022

In this paper, we consider the following fractional $ p $-Laplacian equation involving Trudinger-Moser nonlinearity:

   \begin{document}$ (-\Delta)_{N/s}^{s} u+V(x)|u|^{\frac{N}{s}-2} u = f(u) \ \ {\rm { in }}\ \mathbb{R}^{N}, $\end{document}

where $ s \in(0, 1), 2 < \frac{N}{s} = p $. The nonlinear function $ f $ has exponential critical growth, and potential $ V $ is a continuous function. By using the constrained variational methods, quantitative Deformation Lemma and Brouwer degree theory, we prove the existence of least energy sign-changing solutions.
Polymer physics-based mathematical models for the correlation of DNA and mRNA in a eukaryotic cell
Authors: Chaturvedi Archit
Published: September 2022

DNA and mRNA are essential aspects of cells. They are responsible for much of the genomic activity that takes place in a cell, and are significant macromolecules for research in cell and molecular biology. DNA and mRNA are polymers, molecules that are composed of repeating subunits known as monomers. In the past, a number of theoretical models that elucidate the physical properties of polymers have been proposed to the scientific community. These models include the Freely-Jointed Chain, Freely-Rotating Chain, Worm-Like Chain, and Gaussian Chain Models. In this paper, I make use of such theoretical models in polymer physics, and derive a number of theoretical models that correlate DNA, its respective pre-mRNA strand, and the corresponding post-mRNA strand in a eukaryotic cell. Furthermore, graphical representations of some of the mathematical models derived in the paper are also rendered. Based on this, the theoretical models formulated in this paper can be applied to research in the fields of mathematical biology, biophysics, biochemistry, and cell/molecular biology.
Glagolska prehodnost v slovenščini
Authors: Žele Andreja
Published: September 2022

Namen prispevka je predstaviti prehodnost kot skladenjsko kategorijo glagolov v povezavi z drugimi glagolskimi kategorijami. Z vidika prehodnosti je opozorjeno tudi na skladenjske lastnosti in značilnosti slovenskih stavčnih zgradb in slovenskih povedi nasploh, tudi na diatezne zmožnosti.
Du grand bi au vélo : une vague d’inventions (fin XIXe-début XXe siècle)
Authors: Emptoz Gérard
Published: September 2022

Lorsqu’on aborde l’histoire du vélo, une machine toujours en évolution près de deux siècles après l’apparition de sa forme primitive, la draisienne, dont le brevet a été déposé en 1818 en France par un baron allemand, Drais von Sauerbronn1, on trouve peu de références précises sur les brevets d’invention qui ont constitué les étapes déterminantes de l’évolution de cet objet de consommation. Pour une exposition préparée récemment par l’ΙΝΡI sur le thème de l’innovation2, on a cherché à dégager sur l’histoire du vélo des éléments documentaires relevant de la propriété industrielle, en vue d’éclairer la réalité du mouvement d’invention qui a permis l’émergence des différentes machines, d’identifier la nature des apports techniques des différents acteurs, inventeurs et entrepreneurs, et de mesurer de plus près la dynamique de l’innovation qui a donné naissance au secteur industriel du cycle aux XIXe et XXe siècles. La présente communication va permettre de reconstituer une périodisation générale de l’invention en France, de dater la création de différents dispositifs, et aussi de comparer les évolutions respectives dans d’autres pays. Cette période est en effet celle de la mise en place d’un système industriel destiné à la construction des cycles tant en France qu’en Grande-Bretagne, dans le reste de l’Europe et aux États-Unis.
Notion d’Origines
Authors: Maurel Marie-Christine
Published: September 2022

Le mot origine accepte au moins deux sens : ce qui est originel, le commencement et, ce qui est originaire, le fondement. Qu’est-ce que donner des origines à la vie sans qu’il y ait un dieu ou un plan aux fondements de ces origines ? Peut-on penser l’événement biologique comme artisan de son propre plan ?
Les origines de la vie sur la Terre : un problème historique
Authors: Tirard Stéphane
Published: September 2022

L’histoire des travaux sur les origines de la vie, depuis l’issue du débat entre Louis Pasteur et Félix Pouchet dans les années 1860, peut être divisée en deux périodes principales : jusqu’au milieu du xxe siècle l’essentiel des travaux consiste en la formulation d’hypothèses, la deuxième partie du xxe siècle est marquée par le développement de l’expérimentation dans des conditions prébiotiques. Cette présentation de l’évolution des recherches dans ce domaine permettra de révéler l’identité épistémologique du problème des origines de la vie en analysant particulièrement les conséquences de l’historicité de ce thème.
L’industrie parisienne de la toile à peindre durant la première moitié du xixe siècle : des relations entre science, art et technique
Authors: Labreuche Pascal
Published: September 2022

Au xixe siècle, l’implication des savants dans l’industrie est connue, notamment dans le domaine de la fabrication des matières colorantes ; c’est aussi le cas dans un autre secteur du matériel artistique : la toile à peindre. Objet en apparence simple et immuable, mais enjeu important sur les plans patrimonial, culturel et économique, la toile a été un champ de recherches et d’expérimentation, notamment en ce qui concerne les matériaux d’enduction. Aux côtés de fabricants, marchands de couleurs, restaurateurs de tableaux et peintres, on rencontre à plusieurs occasions des scientifiques de l’école de Vauquelin, tels que Thenard, D’Arcet, Payen, Chevreul. C’est principalement le mouvement de recherche assisté par des structures para-étatiques, dans la première moitié du xixe siècle, qui est étudié ici à travers quelques exemples. Cette période prélude des mutations importantes du marché de la toile, accompagnant notamment une démocratisation de la pratique picturale, seconde phase de développement qui n’est pas abordée ici.
Le débat sur l’éducation en France au xviiie siècle
Authors: Grandière Marcel
Published: September 2022

Le xviiie siècle est passionné d’éducation et de pédagogie. Certes le sujet bénéficie de l’ouverture d’un espace public où se débattent les grandes questions du royaume, mais il révèle surtout des remises en cause d’une importance considérable. Le siècle s’est mis à l’école de Newton et de Locke, la méthode de l’expérience est partout sollicitée, de même que la nouvelle métaphysique. Le point de vue de la société civile tente de s’imposer dans le domaine éducatif. Saisir ces évolutions, et les blocages qu’elles entraînent, donne un moyen d’observation privilégié sur le siècle qui précède la Révolution et les processus de transformation au cœur d’une société.
Nobel et les prix Nobel
Authors: Spiesser Michel
Published: September 2022

2001 est l’année du centenaire de l’attribution des prix Nobel. C’est en effet en 1901 que ces prix ont été attribués pour la première fois. Quelle est l’origine de ce prix international qui couvre à la fois la physique, la chimie, la physiologie et la médecine, la littérature et la paix. Ce genre de prix est tout à fait inhabituel, les prix sont en général très spécifiques et créés en souvenir de personnalités marquantes de la discipline ou au nom d’institutions qui les financent. Ils sont le plus souvent nationaux. Certains sont internationaux comme le prix Pulitzer pour le journalisme, la médaille Fields pour les mathématiques et le prix Pritzker pour l’architecture. La connaissance de certains éléments de la vie d’Alfred Nobel (1833-1896) peut nous aider à comprendre l’histoire de ce prix.
Frailty and benign prostatic hyperplasia: The thrilling underlying impact
Authors: Bellos Themistoklis Ch. , Tzelves Lazaros I. , Manolitsis Ioannis S. , Katsimperis Stamatios N. , Berdempes Marinos V. , Skolarikos Andreas , Karakousis Nikolaos D.
Published: September 2022

Background: World population is aging. The number of individuals aged over 65 are expected to be 71 million only in the US. 43% of this population will be men. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), defined as the benign neoplasm of the prostate gland affects 8% of men by their forties, but 90% of men over 90 years old. Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) can be caused by an enlarged prostate, and it seems to be associated more with older and frailer individuals. Methods: The purpose of this study is to review the potential interplay between frailty syndrome and benign prostatic hyperplasia. A thorough MEDLINE/PubMed non-systematic literature review was conducted from 1990 to March of 2022. The terms used for the search were “frailty and benign prostatic hyperplasia” and “low muscle mass and benign prostatic hyperplasia”. Results: It seems that, frailty poses a negative impact on the prognosis of patients with BPH, as it is associated with increased incidence of LUTS. In addition, frailty seems to be a strong predictor concerning surgical procedure failure and mortality following invasive procedures for BPH. Prostatic stent placement on the other hand appears to be the ideal solution for frail patients. Conclusions: BPH has a strong association with frailty and increasing age.
Commento al caso clinico: Lilia
Authors: Montali Simona
Published: September 2022

Non disponibile
Commento al film: Parenti serpenti
Authors: Abbruzzese Mariacarmela , Strada Riccardo , Vincenti Enrico
Published: September 2022

Non disponibile
Haptoglobin Genotypes and Malaria Comorbidity in Breast Cancer and Healthy Nigerian Women
Authors: Dokunmu Titilope M. , Obi Patience O. , Fatiregun Omolara A. , Rotimi Oluwakemi A. , Agodirin Sulaiman O. , Rotimi Solomon O.
Published: September 2022

Background:

Breast cancer is the leading cause of mortality among women, with over a million cases recorded globally. Haptoglobin (Hp) protein and genotypes play important roles in cancer predisposition and progression, but studies have reported varying outcomes in populations.

Aim:

The association of Hp genotypes in breast cancer patients with malaria has not been investigated in Nigerians, which is the aim of our study. In healthy women (control; n = 279) and clinically diagnosed breast cancer patients (breast cancer; n = 70).

Methods:

Haptoglobin genotypes and Plasmodium falciparum cyclooxygenase III genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Proportions were compared, and the test of association was carried out with a significance level set at P < 0.05.

Results:

Overall, 311 of 349 (89%) individuals had malaria infection with similar proportions in breast cancer (63 of 70) and healthy control group (248 of 279); malaria incidence was, however, lower in Hp 2-2 breast cancer patients (P = 0.04). The prevalence of Hp genotypes was Hp 1-1 (78.2%), Hp 2-1 (7.2%), and 2-2 (14.6%). In breast cancer groups, Hp 2-2 genotype was significantly lower with 3 (4.2%) of 70 vs. 48 (17.2%) of 279 in control group (P = 0.006).

Conclusions:

The results of the study show low Hp 2-2 genotype relative to other genotypes in breast cancer patients; we conclude that low Hp 2-2 genotype is associated with lower malaria risk in breast cancer Nigerian women. It is important to further understand the roles malaria, Hp, and other genotypes play in the pathogenesis of aggressive breast cancer commonly seen in Nigerian women.
Enterococcal infections in a Tertiary Care Hospital, North India
Authors: Yadav Rajesh Kumar , Agarwal Loveleena
Published: September 2022

Background:

The emergence of Enterococcus as an important nosocomial pathogen is mainly attributed to its inherent resistance to commonly used antibiotics and now in recent times, it has acquired resistance to other available therapeutic options as well.

Materials and Methods:

Enterococcus isolates from clinical samples received in the department of microbiology over a period of 1 year were included in the study. Isolates were identified and species determined by standard methods. Antibiotic susceptibility test was done by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion test. Epsilometer test was done to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration for vancomycin.

Results:

A total of 145 Enterococcus isolates were obtained; 73 (50.3%) isolates were identified as Enterococcus faecalis, 69 (47.5%) Enterococcus faecium, 2 (1.3%) Enterococcus durans and 1 (0.68%) as Enterococcus gallinarum. Most of the isolates were from urine samples (125, 86.2%); followed by pus (16, 11.03%). Vancomycin resistance was seen in 14 (9.6%) isolates while linezolid resistance was seen in 8 (5.5%) isolates.

Conclusion:

E. faecalis is the most common clinical species isolated from clinical samples and the emergence of linezolid-resistant enterococci from the hospital is a matter of concern as till now it is considered to be the last resort for treatment in patients infected with vancomycin-resistant enterococci.
Incidental Blast Injuries to the Hands of Hunters in Suburban Africa
Authors: Babalola Olakunle Fatai , Salawu Adedayo Idris , Hassan Adeniyi Steven , Okunlola Abiodun Idowu , Banjo Omotola Oluseyi , Fadairo Richard Oluyemi
Published: September 2022

Background:

Civilian blast injuries are common during celebrations and festivities. In the intervening times, civilian nonterrorist blast events are rare. The aim of this report is to highlight the increasing occurrence of blast injuries to the dominant right hand of hunters and the ensuing crippling consequences.

Methodology:

A review of incidental blast injuries to the hand among hunters was conducted. The case files, clinical photographs, and radiographs of consecutive cases of blast injuries presenting to our unit over 3½ years were studied.

Result:

Six patients had incidental blast injuries to the hand within the period. All the patients were males and hunters by profession. The age range was 30–49 years. The dominant right hand was involved in all the six cases with high-energy soft tissue and bony injuries. Five patients had staged soft tissue coverage while the sixth patient, after initial resuscitation, discharged against medical advice due to economic constraints. Multiple joint stiffness and significant disability occurred in all the affected hands. None of the patients represented for secondary procedures.

Conclusion:

Incidental blast injuries to the hands of local hunters are lifestyle threatening. The dominant right hand is invariably involved with attendant crippling socioeconomic consequences. Meticulous clinical care and methodical operative intervention are primal to hand salvage.
An in vitro Comparative Assessment of Manual Hand File, Rotary ProTaper Ni-Ti, Erbium
Authors: Ismail Prabu Mahin Syed , AlMogbel Abdul Majeed , Priya Ritu , Bansal Nandita , Mattigatti Sudha , Nara Asha , AlMutairi Faris Jaser
Published: September 2022

Background:

Selection of instruments is important to prevent any complications such as ledge formation and instrument breakage. The main drawback linked with instrumentation is smear layer formation.

Objectives:

This study was done for comparison of manual hand file, rotary ProTaper Ni-Ti, erbium:yttrium–aluminum–garnet (Er:YAG) laser, ultrasound, and CanalBrush (CB) methods for smear layer removal.

Methodology:

Sixty freshly extracted single-rooted mandibular first premolars extracted for orthodontic treatment purpose were selected and classified into six groups. Group I was negative control in which no final agitation of irrigant was performed. In Group II, solution activation was performed with ProTaper Universal System, in Group III, solution activation was done with canal brush, in Group IV, ultrasound activation was done, in Group V, solution agitation was performed with Er:YAG laser agitation, and in Group VI, canal preparation with hand files was performed. Smear layer score was evaluated after canal preparation with each method.

Results:

Score 1 was seen in 3 (30%) in Group IV and 6 (60%) in Group V, score 2 was seen in 3 (30%) in Group I, 8 (80%) in Group II, 7 (70%) in Group III, 5 (50%) in Group IV, 3 (30%) in Group V, and 4 (40%) in Group VI. Score 3 was observed in 7 (70%) in Group I, 2 (20%) in Group II, 3 (70%) in Group III, 2 (20%) in Group IV, 1 (10%) in Group V, and 6 (60%) in Group VI. A statistically significant difference was found in smear layer removal score in all groups (P < 0.05) except between Group I versus VI (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

Complete removal of the smear layer was not observed in any of the methods used in the study; however, Er: YAG laser was found to be better as compared to other methods.
Steroid and Sphingomonas
Authors: Kannauje Pankaj Kumar , Pandit Vinay R. , Wasnik Preetam Narayan , Venkat Nanditha
Published: September 2022

Sphingomonas paucimobilis is a Gram-negative bacteria identified as a rare infectious agent, more commonly seen among immune-compromised hosts. Infections include bacteremia, septicemia leading to septic shock, bone and soft-tissue infections such as septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, infection of shunts, and implantable devices. Although the organism has been reported to have low pathogenicity, infections in the immune compromised can be devastating leading to even death.
Misconception on Oxygen Administration among Patients and Their Caregivers in Ado Ekiti, Nigeria
Authors: Adeoti Adekunle Olatayo , Desalu Olufemi Olumuyiwa , Elebiyo Tobiloba , Aremu Olusegun Ayanwale
Published: September 2022

Introduction:

Appropriate oxygen administration is a life-saving therapy; however, patients and their caregivers could decline such therapy for several reasons. Poor perceptions may delay consent to oxygen therapy. There is a lack of data on the perception of oxygen use among patients and caregivers in our setting. Hence, this study was aimed at evaluating the perception of patients and their caregivers toward emergency oxygen use in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:

This survey was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted between December 2017 and May 2018 at a tertiary hospital in southwestern Nigeria. We administered a structured questionnaire to 334 eligible patients and their 539 caregivers while on admission.

Results:

A significant proportion of the patients compared to their caregivers have had oxygen therapy in the past 40.6% versus. 6.9% P < 0.0001. The majority of the participants (patients vs. caregivers 84.7% vs. 81.1% P = 0.511) believed oxygen therapy to be beneficial and safe for use (patients vs. caregivers 79.4% vs. 78.6%; P = 0.8949). However, 21.1% of patients and 19.5% of caregivers believed it is solely for terminally ill patients. More than 50% of patients and caregivers thought oxygen can cause adverse effects and fire outbreaks. Most of the respondents considered oxygen therapy as expensive (patients vs. caregivers; 78.2% vs. 87.2%; P = 0.0176) which was regarded as a possible barrier to treatment (patients vs. caregivers 81.9% vs. 85.0% P = 0.3893). <1% of both patients and their caregivers have had any form of training in basic life support.

Conclusion:

The misconceptions about oxygen use require urgent attention by raising community awareness and knowledge toward improving the acceptability of this life-saving intervention.
Promoting the use of Evidence in Health Policy-making in the Economic Commission of the West African States Region
Authors: Uneke Chigozie Jesse , Sombie Issiaka , Johnson Ermel , Uneke Bilikis Iyabo , Okolo Stanley
Published: September 2022

Background:

The West African Health Organization (WAHO) is promoting the use of evidence in policy-making within West Africa. The need for increased understanding of the complexities of the evidence-to-policy process among policy-makers in West Africa necessitates the development of evidence-based policy-making (EBPM) guidance. The purpose of this study was to interact with policy-makers from West African countries to identify the necessity of EBPM guidance for the subregion.

Methods:

A cross-sectional qualitative study design was used to elicit the views/opinions of senior health policy-makers from across the 15 West African countries on why an EBPM Guidance is necessary for the subregion. The policy-makers were engaged during WAHO-organized regional evidence-to-policy meetings on the improvement of maternal and child health outcomes held in Senegal in 2019. Face-to-face, one-on-one interactions, interviews, and deliberations during the meeting plenary sessions were held with the policy-makers, who participated in the regional meeting.

Results:

Up to 23 policy-makers representing 15 West African countries participated in the study. Policy-makers who took part in the study supported the development of an EBPM Guidance to facilitate evidence-to-policy process. Among the identified reasons why an EBPM Guidance for West Africa is a necessity were to understand: (i) how to deal with barriers and facilitators that influence evidence to policy process; (ii) how to acquire, access, adapt, and apply available research evidence in policy-making; (iii) how to deal with contextual issues and broad range of evidence; and (iv) how to engage parliamentarians and policy legislators to promote policy development.

Conclusion:

An EBPM is a valuable tool that can provide health sector policy-makers the needed guide on the evidence-to-policy process. Studies that will evaluate the impact of EBPM guidance on the policy-making process in low- and middle-income countries are advocated.
Feasibility of high-yield plateletpheresis in routine practice
Authors: Sahoo Dibyajyoti , Noushad Shahida , Basavarajegowda Abhishekh , Toora Esha
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

High-yield plateletpheresis donations can reduce donor exposure and be economically beneficial as well. However, obtaining a high-yield plateletpheresis from a maximum number of donors with low basal platelet count and its effect on postdonation platelet count of donors undergoing high-yield plateletpheresis has been a matter of concern. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of making high-yield platelet donation as a routine practice.

METHODS:

It was a retrospective observational study to determine the effect of high-yield plateletpheresis on donor reactions, efficacy, and quality parameters. It was conducted from January 1, 2019 to June 30, 2021, at the Department of Transfusion Medicine in a tertiary care hospital of South India.

RESULTS:

Out of the 669 procedures, 564 (84.3%) of the collection had a platelet yield of ≥5 × 1011, 468 (70%) of the collection had a platelet yield of 5.5 × 1011, whereas 284 (42.5%) met the target of 6 × 1011 by coulter. The mean drops in platelet count were 95 ± 16 × 103/μl (77,600–113,000/μl), mean platelet recruitment was 1.31 ± 0.51. The mean collection efficiency of the procedure for the 669 cases was shown to be 80.21 ± 15.34, and the mean collection rate was 0.07 × 1011 ± 0.02 per minute. Only forty donors (5.5%) experienced adverse donor reactions.

CONCLUSIONS:

High-yield plateletpheresis can be done in routine practice with no added adverse donor reaction with effective quality products.
Influence of blood transfusion during induction chemotherapy on treatment outcomes in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Raghavan Vineetha , Murugesan Mohandoss , Nair Chandran K. , Nayanar Sangeetha Keloth
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND:

Transfusion is an integral part of supportive care in patients undergoing aggressive chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). As transfusion induces immune modulation, the objective of the study was to assess whether the intensity of red blood cell (RBC) and platelet (PLT) transfusion during induction chemotherapy influences complete remission (CR) and overall survival (OS) in newly diagnosed AML patients.

METHODS:

Details of the number of RBC units and PLT events transfused from diagnosis till completion of induction chemotherapy were collected. Patients were stratified as high or low intensity for transfusion based on median RBC units and PLT events transfused per week. The influence of transfusion intensity on CR and OS was estimated using multivariate analysis and log-rank test, respectively.

RESULTS:

Among 90 patients analyzed, the median RBC unit required was 1.7 units/week and PLT transfused was 1.5 events/week. Patients requiring transfusion at disease presentation had significantly higher intensity of RBC and PLT transfusions. Only high intensity for RBC transfusion (P = 0.016) appeared among prognostic factors for achieving CR. The OS was not affected in patients requiring high intensity of RBC (P = 0.314) and PLT (P = 0.504) transfusions.

CONCLUSION:

Transfusion support was higher in patients with a high disease burden at diagnosis. The lower intensity of RBC transfusion goes along with the response to chemotherapy in terms of CR but not OS.
Human leukocyte antigen alloimmunization prevention mechanisms in blood transfusion
Authors: Adane Tiruneh , Enawgaw Bamlaku
Published: September 2022

In many fields of clinical medicine and blood transfusion, the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system is crucial. Alloimmunization happens as a result of an immune response to foreign antigens encountered during blood transfusion. This gives rise to alloantibodies against red blood cells (RBCs), HLA, or human platelet antigen (HPA). HLA alloimmunization following allogeneic transfusion was shown to be a result of contaminating white blood cells (WBCs) present in the product. It is a common complication of transfusion therapy that leads to difficulties in clinical intolerance and refractoriness to platelet transfusion during patient management. Single-donor platelets, prophylactic HLA matching, leukoreduction, and irradiation of cellular blood products are some of the mechanisms to prevent HLA alloimmunization during a blood transfusion. Now, the best approach to reduce the occurrence of primary HLA alloimmunization is the removal of WBCs from the blood by filtration.
Addressing concerns and suggestions of blood donors
Authors: Chand Sreethu , Amita R. , Gupta Debasish
Published: September 2022

The World Health Organization and National Blood Transfusion Council, Government of India, advocate regular repeat nonremunerated voluntary blood donors as the safest of all donors to meet the blood requirements of the country. Recruitment and retention of individuals as voluntary blood donors requires the adoption of novel and varied strategies protecting the voluntary nonremunerated nature of blood donation. In this review article, we are focusing on how addressing the donor suggestions and concerns has created a win–win situation for blood donors and blood transfusion services.
Safety and efficacy of therapeutic plasma exchange in neuromyelitis optica: A retrospective study from South India
Authors: Sahoo Dibyajyoti , Silwal Pragya , Basavarajegowda Abhishekh
Published: September 2022

INTRODUCTION:

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an idiopathic demyelinating disorder characterized mainly by optic neuritis and myelitis, causing gradual loss of vision and deterioration of neurological function. The underlying pathogenesis mainly involves antibodies against aquaporin 4. The effectiveness of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) has been shown by many studies across the globe but are only a few from India. We studied ten cases of NMO retrospectively to find out the safety and efficacy of plasma exchange and to know the outcome of those patients who underwent the procedure.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

We retrospectively analyzed ten cases of NMO who underwent TPE from January 2017 to July 2021. Out of 153 patients on whom plasma exchange procedures were done during this period, ten cases of NMO were diagnosed and managed with TPE.

RESULTS:

In our study, we found that 6 of our patients (60%) had a marked improvement noticed clinically with an increase in baseline power of limbs from 0–2/5 to 3–5/5. However, two patients expired after despite TPE. The other two did not show any improvement. Four of our patients started showing clinical improvement after the 2nd–3rd cycles of treatment. TPE was initiated early (within 5 days). There were no notable events in most of the procedures except in one procedure where the patient developed hypotension, her saturation started to drop, and the procedure had to be aborted.

CONCLUSION:

Our study supports the effectiveness of timely initiation of plasma exchange to improve the overall mortality rate of the patients.
Role of therapeutic plasma exchange in rat killer (yellow phosphorous) poisoning
Authors: Radhakrishnan Krishnamoorthy , Thokala Ravindra Prasad , Anandan Ashwin , Rengan Chandran Srinivasan
Published: September 2022

CONTEXT:

Yellow phosphorus (YP) 3% is one of the rodenticides available, which is a potent hepatotoxin and it is fatal. Management of YP poisoning is difficult since there is no antidote available; only definitive management is liver transplantation. Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) helps the YP poisoning patients by removing the poison or its metabolite or the inflammatory mediators released in the body in response to toxin.

AIMS:

To determine the role of TPE in rat killer (YP) poisoning.

SETTINGS AND DESIGN:

This was a descriptive period study conducted from November 2018 to September 2020.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS:

Sixteen consecutive YP poisoning patients were included in the study (n = 16). A total of 48 sessions of TPE were carried out. Liver function tests such as serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, SGPT, total bilirubin, and direct bilirubin as well as coagulation profile such as prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and international normalized ratio were analyzed at the time of admission, after each TPE session, and at the time of discharge.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED:

The results were recorded, and it was analyzed statistically by SPSS version 17.

RESULTS:

Liver function tests improved significantly from the time of admission and after each TPE and at the time of discharge (P < 0.05). Coagulation profile improved statistically (P < 0.05). Thirteen patients were improved in their clinical status, and three patients left the hospital citing personal reasons.

CONCLUSIONS:

TPE could potentially bridge the gap between medical management and liver transplantation in cases of YP poisoning.
Establishment of normal reference range of serum hepcidin in Indian blood donors
Authors: Singh Ashutosh , Pandey Hem Chandra , Chaudhary Rajendra
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND:

Hepcidin-25, a polypeptide hormone, plays a major role in iron metabolism and is found to be reduced during iron deficiency; therefore, testing for hepcidin can be utilized as an indicator of bioavailability of iron. Globally, reference range values for hepcidin have been established in different communities. The aim of the present study was to establish the normal reference range values of serum hepcidin in Indian blood donors to fathom the baseline and reference point of hepcidin.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A total of 90 donors fulfilling the eligibility criteria were recruited in the study consisting of 28 males and 62 females. Blood samples collected were used to execute hemoglobin (Hb), serum ferritin, and hepcidin assays. Serum hepcidin-25 isoform was detected by a commercial competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit according to the manufacturer's instructions. Hb and ferritin were evaluated by the standard methods.

RESULTS:

The mean ± standard deviation (SD) of Hb level in males was 14.62 ± 1.34 g/dL and females was 13.33 ± 0.76 g/dL. The mean ± SD of ferritin level in males was 113 ± 56.12 ng/mL and females was 62.65 ± 40.8 ng/mL. Similarly, the mean ± SD of hepcidin level in male donors was 22.18 ± 12.17 ng/mL and female donors was 10.95 ± 6.06 ng/mL. The established reference range values of Hepcidin were 6.32–46.06 ng/mL for males and 3.44–24.78 for females.

CONCLUSION:

These findings suggest that further studies with larger groups of donors are mandatory to produce reference values of hepcidin that can be précised to the whole populace in India.
Altered color of plasma component – Unnecessary wastage of a precious resource
Authors: Patel Dhara Darshan , Shah Mamta C. , Bhatnagar Nidhi M. , Patel Tarak Rameshbhai , Shah Sangita D. , Soni Shital
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

The present study was conducted to evaluate the etiology of altered color of plasma component of blood in transfusion practice.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The study was conducted at the blood center of a tertiary care teaching hospital in western India for a period of 6 months. After component separation, all the plasma units with altered color were segregated and samples were taken for further evaluation. Altered colored plasma units were divided into three – green discoloration, yellow discoloration, and lipemic plasma. Donors were called, their detailed history was taken, and necessary investigations were done accordingly.

RESULTS:

Forty plasma units out of 20,658 (0.19%) donations showed discoloration. Out of which, 3 plasma units showed green discoloration, 9 plasma units showed yellow discoloration, and the remaining 28 plasma units were lipemic. Among three donors whose plasma showed green discoloration, one female donor had a history of oral contraceptive pill usage and had higher values of copper and ceruloplasmin. All donors with yellow plasma had a higher value of unconjugated bilirubin. All the donors with lipemic plasma gave a history of intake of fatty meal prior to donating blood and showed higher values of triglyceride, cholesterol, and very-low-density lipoprotein.

CONCLUSION:

Plasma component with altered color restricts its issue to the patient and also for use in fractionation. In our study, many of the altered color plasma units were safe to transfuse, but the decision regarding transfusion was debatable on consultation with the treating doctor. Further studies with a large sample size are recommended for the use of these plasma components.