bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La localización espacial de los atractivos turísticos de un área metropolitana: diferencias entre material turístico institucional, guías turísticas y contenidos generados por los usuarios
Authors: Paül i Agustí Daniel
Published: March 2019

El estudio se centra en las diferencias existentes en la distribución de los atractivos turísticos en función de tres fuentes: el material turístico institucional, las guías turísticas y los contenidos generados por los usuarios (imágenes de la red Instagram). Para ello se realiza una aproximación basada en el análisis espacial aplicada al área metropolitana de Montevideo (Uruguay). Los resultados indican que solo existe una coincidencia parcial entre la localización de las imágenes creadas por los usuarios y los atractivos promocionados por las instituciones y las guías turísticas. En términos generales, los usuarios tienden a fotografiar espacios alejados de los tradicionalmente promocionados. Este hecho apunta a una presencia mayor de los visitantes en el conjunto del área metropolitana. En consecuencia, podemos afirmar que la ciudad turística es más extensa que la tradicionalmente promocionada. Una situación que tiene repercusiones potenciales en aspectos como la identificación de nuevos atractivos, su gestión o la correcta valoración de los efectos que causa el turismo en el espacio urbano.
THE COMPLEX NATURE OF ETHICS IN TOURISM
Authors: Handszuh Henryk
Published: March 2019

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SOCIAL TRUST AND TOURISM
Authors: Dziubiński Zbigniew , Sitek Martyna
Published: March 2019

Purpose. The aim of the work is to learn the theoretical assumptions regarding the culture of trust and culture of distrust in relation to (post) modern tourism. Method. The basic method is to analyseliterature on the subject using the two theoretical perspectives dominating in sociology, namely the perspectives of functionalism and the perspective of symbolic interactionism. Results. If there is a high level of trust in the field of tourism, the result of this situation is optimism, commitment and innovation, a climate of mobilisation, activity, the potential for creativity is released, and people have a sense of freedom and subjectivity. As a consequence, structural conditions for the development of tourism are created. The reverse situation occurs when the culture of mistrust is dominant in tourism, which leads to withdrawal, passivity, demobilisation, atomisation, alienation and distancing itself from other individual and collective actors of the tourist scene. This state of affairs causes reduction in the subjective potential of the tourism community, the ability to creatively, innovatively and strengthen the culture of distrust in tourism. Research and conclusions limitations. No limitations of the tests occurred. Inference, as in the social sciences, is probabilistic in nature. Practical implications. The final conclusions should contribute to greater awareness of tourism participants about the role and importance of social trust in the development of the area of life that interests us. Originality. The description of tourism uses a soft variable which is social trust. The work is to make all tourism participants aware that this variable, after aggregation, is transformed into a powerful force that determines the progress or regression of tourism. Type of work. The article is a theoretical review in which the analysis of the phenomenon of modern tourism from a sociological perspective and using the notion of the innovative concept in scientific circulation of social trust is undertaken.
An Interview with Nina Witoszek: Deep Ecology, Ecomodernism and Norwegian Understanding of Nature in the Context of Physical Culture in Nina Witoszek’s Concept
Authors: Kowalczyk Monika
Published: March 2019

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A residência de Medicina de Família e Comunidade no Brasil: breve recorte histórico
Authors: Simas Keith Bullia da Fonseca , Gomes Andréia Patrícia , Simões Patrícia Passos , Augusto Daniel Knupp , Siqueira-Batista Rodrigo
Published: March 2019

Introdução: A saúde no Brasil se estabeleceu como direito universal a partir da promulgação da Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil em 1988, o qual foi posteriormente ratificado e normatizado pela edição da Lei no 8080 de 1990, que dispõe sobre as condições para a promoção, proteção e recuperação da saúde, a organização e o funcionamento dos serviços correspondentes, conhecida por Lei Orgânica do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Tendo como base os princípios norteadores foi lançado, pelo Ministério da Saúde, o Programa de Saúde da Família, em 1994, o qual se tornou Estratégia Saúde da Família, 12 anos após. No momento em que o país começou priorizar a Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) como eixo central do sistema de saúde, assim como ocorre nos principais sistemas nacionais de saúde no mundo, percebeu-se a escassez de profissionais médicos formados para atuação nesse nível de atenção. Emergiu, então, a necessidade de ampliar o acesso à residência em Medicina de Família e Comunidade (MFC) no Brasil. Objetivo: Apresentar aspectos da constituição histórica dos Programas de Residência em MFC (PRMFC) brasileiros. Resultados: Nos primeiros anos do século XX, em diversas unidades federativas, houve considerável aumento de vagas de RMFC – com destaque para o PRMFC da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde do Rio de Janeiro –, abrangendo cidades que antes não contavam com essa formação. Tal contexto pode ser compreendido à luz da significativa articulação construída no âmbito do SUS, para a formação de recursos humanos em saúde. Conclusão: A Residência em MFC mantém-se em expansão no país e já pode ser encontrada em algumas das principais cidades do Brasil.
Nem tudo que reluz é ouro: discutindo prevenção quaternária a partir de ditados populares
Authors: Modesto Antônio Augusto Dall'Agnol
Published: March 2019

A Medicina tem convocado as pessoas a realizarem cada vez mais ações preventivas, desde medidas de pressão arterial até a aplicação de novas vacinas; entretanto, médicas e médicos de família e comunidade têm identificado riscos e limitações das ações preventivas, mostrando que nem todas elas são ética ou cientificamente justificáveis. Esse é o escopo da prevenção quaternária, que visa poupar as pessoas de sobremedicalização e procedimentos desnecessários. Vivendo em uma sociedade que prima pela alta tecnologia, onde o terror virou negócio e o autocuidado, uma obsessão, pode ser muito difícil desaconselhar a realização de algum exame ou desprescrever alguma medicação; porém, é exatamente nesse contexto que a prevenção quaternária é profundamente necessária, e a dificuldade de sua prática exige articular outros saberes e recursos além do nível de evidência ou do grau de recomendação de uma ou outra ação. As crenças em saúde são objeto de um cuidado centrado na pessoa, e muitas delas são inspiradas ou traduzidas por ditados populares. Nesse ensaio, discuto o excesso de intervenções e a prevenção quaternária a partir de alguns deles. Analisando frases como “é melhor prevenir do que remediar”, apresento os aforismos como ferramentas de compreensão da prevenção quaternária, podendo ser usados por profissionais e docentes para discutir essa prática contra-hegemônica com pacientes e estudantes. Ao articular os saberes popular e profissional, o texto contribui à competência cultural da Atenção Primária à Saúde e ajuda a produzir encontros clínicos mais harmoniosos e a promover um cuidado menos invasivo, medicalizador e danoso.
Análise da realização da cirurgia ambulatorial na perspectiva da qualificação e resolutividade do cuidado prestado pelo médico de família e comunidade na Atenção Primária à Saúde na cidade do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Oliveira Philipp Rosa , Favoreto Cesar Augusto Orazem
Published: March 2019

Introdução: A Estratégia de Saúde da Família, a partir de 1998, representa o modelo de organização e de qualificação da Atenção Primária à Saúde no Brasil. No município do Rio de Janeiro, nos últimos anos, ocorreu um incremento rápido na cobertura da população pelas equipes de saúde da família, com a perspectiva de desenvolvimento de uma Atenção Primária à Saúde abrangente. Nesta perspectiva surge a cirurgia ambulatorial, que tem sido incorporada muito timidamente às práticas das Unidades Básicas. Objetivos: Este artigo analisa a incorporação da cirurgia ambulatorial pelas Equipes de Saúde da Família como um dos aspectos envolvidos na ampliação da coordenação do cuidado e da resolutividade da Atenção Primária à Saúde. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo exploratório descritivo, utilizando-se da análise dos dados da produção dos procedimentos cirúrgicos na rede de atenção básica da cidade. O estudo analisou as informações disponíveis no banco de dados denominado Carteirômetro no período de outubro de 2015 a março de 2017, além de entrevistas online com médicos de família atuantes na Estratégia de Saúde da Família. A expansão das equipes de saúde da família neste período foi acompanhada do aumento percentual dos procedimentos de cirurgia ambulatorial (63,8%). Resultados: Contudo, esta evolução representa, ainda, um tímido quantitativo de cirurgias realizadas pelo número de equipes implantadas, ou seja, cerca de 1,5 procedimento/equipe no último trimestre pesquisado. Conclusão: Entre os fatores limitadores destas intervenções, identificou-se a ausência de capacitação profissional para a execução destes procedimentos, além de estrutura física e processual inadequada das unidades de saúde.
Die Legitimation des § 19 Abs. 2a TPG
Authors: Hofmann Elisabeth
Published: March 2019

With the introduction of § 19 para 2a TPG, the trust of the population in the organ distribution system was to be regained and sustainably strengthened after the so-called organ distribution scandal. The work explains why § 19 para 2a TPG is not suitable for achieving this objective and points out other possibilities for a meaningful sanctioning of the manipulation of organ allocation decisions de lege lata et de lege ferenda. The focus of the discussion is on the problems raised by § 19 para 2a TPG from a constitutional point of view and, in particular, with regard to Article 103 para 2 GG. In addition, the work takes a closer look at the legal interest protected by § 19 para 2a TPG, the difficulties caused by the interpretation of central elements of § 19 para 2a TPG, and the constitutionality of the applicable organ distribution system, which is relevant to the constitutionality of § 19 para 2a TPG as well.
Die Hoffnung auf einen "Safe Haven"
Authors: Bergedieck Alina Lisa
Published: March 2019

This dissertation presents 26 biographies and the stories of migrants from 11 different countries who came to Germany between 2011 and 2015. Based on a one-year period of research conducted in Münsterland (NRW) in 2015/2016, the work approaches its subject matter from an individual perspective in order to highlight the multidimensionality of migration and thus liberate migrants from the image of a passive mass of people, which is often propagated in politics and the media, and introduce them as autonomous actors. The biographies are outlined in detail by means of narrative interviews in order to investigate the reasons why the people interviewed decided to migrate. Therefore, this work shows that in addition to the obvious reasons for a person leaving their home country, such as war, persecution and discrimination, even complex biographical events and experiences can influence their decision to migrate.
Boate Kiss e a ressignificação do cotidiano de uma sobrevivente
Authors: Anversa Andreisi Carbone , Borges Juliana Maia , Polidori Marlis Morosini
Published: March 2019

Este estudo aborda o caso “Boate Kiss”, incêndio ocorrido em 27 de janeiro de 2013, com o objetivo de discutir a ressignificação do cotidiano de uma sobrevivente e as contribuições do cuidado em Terapia Ocupacional diante da complexidade deste campo.
As ações das cooperativas agrícolas frente à cadeia produtiva do Biodiesel no Rio Grande do Sul: evidências em direção ao desenvolvimento regional
Authors: Wildner Marluci Casalini , Oliveira Sibele Vasconcelos de , Junior Orlando Martinelli
Published: March 2019

As políticas públicas brasileiras direcionadas à segurança energética acompanham as iniciativas internacionais, com destaque para ações intersetoriais e transversais. Nas últimas décadas, o país vem se destacando na produção de biocombustíveis, dentre os quais, citam-se os derivados de cultivares agrícolas. Diante deste contexto, o presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar a inserção das cooperativas agropecuárias na cadeia produtiva do biodiesel no Rio Grande do Sul. Para tanto, foram realizadas pesquisas bibliográficas, bem como a análise de dados secundários sobre o tema. Constatou-se que a inserção das cooperativas na cadeia produtiva do biodiesel é incentivada pelo PNPB e suas respectivas estratégias de inserção da agricultura familiar ao mercado energético. As cooperativas atuam como intermediárias e facilitadores da produção, distribuição e comercialização agrícola. Neste sentido, afirma-se que as cooperativas são importantes agentes econômicos de fomento ao desenvolvimento regional, bem como elo fundamental para o crescimento da cadeia produtiva do biodiesel.
Dinâmica demográfica da população rural: um estudo de caso na microrregião e município de Frederico Westphalen/RS
Authors: Boscardin Mariele , Spanevello Rosani Marisa
Published: March 2019

O presente estudo tem como objetivo traçar um panorama das principais características sociodemográﬁcas da população rural da microrregião e especialmente do município de Frederico Westphalen, norte do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, bem como discutir as implicações destas características para o meio rural local, com base nos dados do IBGE. De modo geral, a análise aponta que a região não foge ao padrão nacional e estadual no que tange às mudanças demográficas, caracterizada especialmente pela redução da população jovem e acréscimo na população idosa. Estas características não apenas confirmam mudanças na estrutura etária populacional, mas também revelam a emergência de “novas dinâmicas” do meio rural, demonstrando que muitos agricultores podem estar exercendo a atividade agropecuária associada ao recebimento da aposentadoria rural. Nestes casos, são agricultores que tendem a diminuir a capacidade produtiva e a produção agropecuária em razão de limitações de ordem física.
Número Completo abr./jun. 2018.‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬ (PDF com Capa e Artigos)
Authors: Rural Extensão
Published: March 2019

Número Completo abr./jun. 2018.‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬ (PDF com Capa e Artigos)
Estrategias discursivas en la narrativa breve de Carmen de Burgos
Authors: Martínez Arnaldos Manuel
Published: March 2019

El propósito de este artículo es estudiar alguna de las estrategias discursivas, procesos de enunciación y comunicación que, desde una escritura de filiación periodística, permiten la mejor interpretación del contexto sociocultural y antropológico en el que se inscribe la narrativa breve de Carmen de Burgos. Se presta especial atención a los textos costumbristas, en los que destaca consecuentemente la función descriptiva, tanto en los de ambiente rural (ciclo de Rodalquilar) como en el del urbano. En los primeros se configura una serie de expresiones populares y motivos recurrentes, estereotipos que como un eco se transmiten de un relato a otro; mientras que en los segundos (de ambiente madrileño) destaca la presentación de tipos peculiares, lugares de la ciudad y temas que atañen al desamparo social y la degradación de la mujer. También se analizan otros regis- tros del discurso, como los referentes, entre otros, al cosmopolitismo o al diario íntimo.
El ensayismo de Carmen de Burgos, Colombine, en defensa de la igualdad de la mujer
Authors: Núñez Rey Concepción
Published: March 2019

Carmen de Burgos (Almería, 1867-Madrid, 1932) fue una escritora de inmensa cultura, a la que guió siempre un anhelo de modernidad y de justicia social. Durante las tres primeras décadas del siglo XX, creó más de un centenar de novelas cortas y largas, estudios literarios, libros de viajes, biografías, traducciones, ensayos, etc. Fue la primera mujer redactora de un periódico, con columna fija, y publicó millares de artículos en las principales publicaciones españolas y en muchas de Europa y de América. Como conferenciante, brilló en las tribunas más prestigiosas de dentro y fuera España. También recibió honores y homenajes en distintos países, y llegó a presidir organizaciones feministas nacionales e internacionales. Toda su labor pionera dedicada a la defensa de la igualdad de la mujer, en lo legal, en lo social y en lo político, se desplegó en artículos y en numerosos textos ensayísticos, lo que culminó en 1927 con la publicación de La mujer moderna y sus derechos.
Dous loci critici nas cantigas de Estevan da Guarda
Authors: Ferreiro Manuel
Published: March 2019

A pesar dos anos transcorridos desde o descubrimento dos cancioneiros que transmitiron a lírica profana galego-portuguesa e a pesar de todo o traballo realizado no ámbito textual, aínda fican múltiplos loci critici que debemos enfrontar e, no posíbel, clarificar.

Neste artigo pretendemos resolver dúas cuestións de carácter lexical que se localizan en senllas cantigas do trobador posdionisino Estevan da Guarda, para, desta maneira, recuperarmos a lección ‘verdadeira’ do texto das cantigas, con maior fidelidade á letra e ao espírito dos textos medievais.
Retrospectiva sintáctico-semántica del adjetivo francés I: de la Antigüedad a las gramáticas tradicionales
Authors: Gil Casadomet Aránzazu
Published: March 2019

El presente artículo conduce al lector por un entramado histórico-teórico del adjetivo francés. La perspectiva de estudio se centra en la evolución del mismo desde diferentes puntos de vista lingüísticos, a saber, sintácticos y semánticos. Comenzamos su rastro desde la Antigüedad grecolatina hasta las llamadas gramáticas tradicionales, pasando por la Edad Media, el Renacimiento, el siglo XVII, el Siglo de las Luces y el siglo XIX. Este primer artículo no tendría razón de ser sin una continuidad en un segundo artículo con el que culminaremos esta retrospectiva del adjetivo francés a través de una línea temporal y ciertos estudios contemporáneos de corte gramatical.
Le sourire : conception vs perception (sur l’exemple de la communication non verbale des français, des espagnols et des russes)
Authors: Sandakova Elena
Published: March 2019

L’étude présente se place dans le domaine de la kinésique et met en relief l’importance de connaître les gestes faciaux et corporels en langue étrangère, d’autant plus que nous sommes tous des acteurs sociaux d’une réalité pluriculturelle. L’article prend appui sur les considérations de R. Birdwhistell, A. et B. Pease, P. Brown, S. Levinson, C. Kerbrat-Orecchioni, et se concentre généralement sur le traitement de la conception du sourire dans le cadre de la politesse non verbale et du langage visuel (photos) dans les espaces linguistico-culturels français, espagnol et russe, aussi bien que de sa perception parmi les usagers des communautés en question. Les résultats de l’analyse montrent qu’il y a un déséquilibre entre la perception du sourire par l’exogroupe et sa conception dans l’endogroupe qui est expliqué par la méconnaissance des normes sociales régnant dans la politesse non verbale de la nation cible, aussi bien que par la persistance des stéréotypes.
Stratégies, audience et lectorat de la littérature diasporique ouest-africaine
Authors: Toure Cisse Fatoumata
Published: March 2019

L’on distingue dans la littérature africaine francophone deux catégories ; il existe d’une part, les littératures exclusivement publiées dans les pays excentrés, et d’autre part, les littératures en lien étroit avec la littérature française. Les premières définies comme les littératures de l’exigüité par François Paré, se cantonnent à leur zone de production ; leurs instances de légitimité ne leur conférant qu’une vague visibilité à l’échelle mondiale. Le second groupe aspire à voir le jour en France, à être sacré par le champ littéraire franco-parisien et à intégrer la littérature mondiale.

Pour ce faire, les écrivains africains de la diaspora mettent en place des stratégies de valorisation pour leur acceptation dans le système littéraire francophone. L’article analyse ces stratégies et ces postures de valorisation auctoriales et esthétiques pour accéder à la République des Lettres.
Selvforsømmelse, fuldskab og andre beskidte ting i Koranen og tidlig islam
Authors: Christiansen Johanne Louise
Published: March 2019

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This article presents and discusses two cases from the Qurʾān and the early Islamic post-qurʾānic period that may be relevant to the overall topic of this special issue, “Salvation through impurity (anomic practice)”: 1) The so-called ‘drunken’ or ‘intoxicated’ Islamic mystics, here represented by the Persian ṣūfī al-Ḥusayn b. Manṣūr al-Ḥallāj (d. 922); and 2) the state of iḥrām, which is the holy state that a Muslim enters in connection with the minor and major Islamic pilgrimage. Based on the two cases, which I have termed an obvious and an unobvious example of the positive (post)Axial relation between salvation and anomic practice, I propose the analytical distinction between a ‘temporary’ and ‘permanent’ ‘fetishism with impurity’. Whereas the drunken ṣūfīs seem to pursue a more permanent anomic – and perhaps impure – mode of being, the qurʾānic descriptions of the state of iḥrām indicate a temporary and controlled exit from and entry back into the normal system. I argue that such a negotiation, and ultimately archaic solution, could be a result of the Qurʾān being a complex, conflictual, and tension-filled post-Axial compromise from its very beginning.

DANSK RESUMÉ: I denne artikel præsenterer og diskuterer jeg to cases fra henholdsvis Koranen og den tidlige islamiske post-koraniske periode som kan være relevante for dette temanummers overordnede tema): 1) De såkaldte ‘fulde’ eller ‘berusede’ islamiske mystikere repræsenteret her af den persiske ṣūfī al-Ḥusayn b. Manṣūr al-Ḥallāj (d. 922); og 2) iḥrām-tilstanden, som er den hellige tilstand man som muslim indtræder i i forbindelse med den lille og store islamiske pilgrimsfærd. Med udgangspunkt i de to cases, som jeg har kaldt et oplagt og et uoplagt eksempel på en positiv (post-)aksial forbindelse mellem frelse og anomisk prasisk, foreslår jeg den analytiske skelnen mellem en ‘temporær’ og en ‘permanent urenhedsfetichisme’. Hvor de fulde ṣūfīer synes at søge en mere permanent anomisk – og måske uren – situation, er de koraniske beskrivelser af iḥrām-tilstanden en temporær og kontrolleret exit fra og entry tilbage til det normale system. Jeg argumenterer for, at en sådan forhandling, og i sidste ende arkaisk løsning, kan skyldes at Koranen allerede fra sin begyndelse var et komplekst, konfliktuelt og spændingsfyldt post-aksialt kompromis.
‘Respect Pollution’: Urenhed og renselse i hinduismens rituelle personhierarki
Authors: Aktor Mikael
Published: March 2019

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The American anthropologist Edward B. Harper coined the concept ‘respect pollution’ for a practice where a person shows respect towards another person at a higher level in the Hindu ritual hierarchy by doing something in relation to the latter that would normally be regarded as involving impurity and pollution. That could be touching someone’s feet or foot wear, eating the lefto-vers of others, or getting in physical contact with urine or feces. What would normally be regarded as impure becomes a source of purification or even salvation when it is an index of a ritually superior person, say, a saint or a god, or even, for women, one’s husband. This article explains the background of these practices in the classical rules of purification known from the medieval Hindu law literature with respect to each of these cases, feet, sandals, leftovers, feces and urine, but ex-pands the field by including places of death and cremation. In the second part of the article examples are given of the ways these cases are turned into ‘respect pollution’.

DANSK RESUMÉ: Den amerikanske antropolog Edward B. Harper introducere-de begrebet ‘respect pollution’ for en praksis, hvor en person viser respekt for en anden person, der står højere i det rituelle personhierarki, ved at gøre noget i for-hold til denne, der almindeligvis involverer rituel urenhed og besmittelse. Det kan være at komme i berøring med andres fødder eller fodtøj, at spise rester af mad, andre har spist af, eller at komme i berøring med afføring eller urin. Ting, der el-lers opfattes som urene, bliver i en sådan praksis kilde til renselse eller endda frel-se, forudsat at de konkrete urenheder er knyttet personer med højere status i det ri-tuelle hierarki, det være sig en helgen eller en gud, eller, for kvinder, ens ægte-mand. Artiklen forklarer baggrunden for disse praksisser i de klassiske regler for renselse, der er formuleret i den middelalderlige hindulovlitteratur, i forhold til hver af disse eksempler, fødder, sandaler, madrester og afføring, men udvider feltet ved også at inddrage steder, hvor en person er død eller kremeret. I den anden del af artiklen gives der eksempler på, hvordan disse felter transformeres til medier for ‘respect pollution’.
Galskab og hellighed: Overskridelsens logik og retorik i chan/zen-buddhismen
Authors: Borup Jørn
Published: March 2019

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Antinomian transgressions have played an important role in Chinese Chan Buddhism (and to a lesser extent in Japanese Zen Buddhism). Wild, crazy, fierce and strange figures have, together with ‘the enlightened layman’, been used as expressions of the Chan/Zen universe, whose style is quite unique in the history of religions. The present article investigates these transgressions’ hermeneutic and performative logic as a contrast to the ‘religion of order’ which is also represented by Buddhism. I argue that in both phenomenological and historical perspective these are expressions of post-axial religion.

DANSK RESUMÉ: Antinomiske overskridelser har spillet en væsentlig rolle i kinesisk chan-buddhisme (og i mindre udstrækning i japansk zen-buddhisme). Vilde, skøre, voldsomme og sære figurer har sammen med den ‘ordinære lægmand’ været brugt til udtryk for chan/zen-buddhismens univers, hvis stil er ganske unik i hele religionshistorien. Nærværende artikel undersøger disse overskridelsers hermeneutiske og performative logik som kontrast til den ‘ordensreligion’, buddhismen også repræsenterer. Jeg argumenterer for, at disse både i religionsfænomenologisk og -historisk perspektiv er udtryk for post-aksial religion.
Mellem asoteriologiske aforismer og sort gnosis: Emil Cioran, Peter Sloterdijk og Peter Sloterdijks Cioran
Authors: Fiedler Erik Sporon
Published: March 2019

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This article presents an introduction to the Romanian author Emil Cioran’s life and work. Cioran lived most of his life in self-imposed exile in Paris, where he kept himself out of the public gaze. From his small attic on the left bank of the river Seine, he published numerous collections of aphorisms and essays dealing with his own miserabilism and permanent existential despair. Further, in his books he is reflecting on the human condition in a world where humans have no possibility of receiving nor acquiring salvation or redemption. This presentation of Cioran leads to an investigation of his influence on the work and thought of the German philosopher Peter Sloterdijk. I show that Cioran in fact plays an important and long-lasting role throughout Sloterdijk’s authorship by analysing texts from three different periods of his oeuvre. Thus, I seek to construct a picture of Sloterdijk’s Cioran and understand why he is important to him.

DANSK RESUMÉ: I denne artikel gives en generel præsentation af og introduktion til den rumænske forfatter Emil Ciorans liv og værk. Cioran levede størstedelen af sit liv i selvvalgt eksil i Paris uden for offentlighedens søgelys. Fra sit lille loftskammer på den venstre bred af Seinen publicerede han løbende samlinger af aforismer og essays omhandlende sin egen miserabilisme og permanente eksistentielle ulykke. Endvidere reflekterer han i bøgerne over den menneskelige eksistens vilkår i en verden, hvorfra mennesket ikke har nogen muligheder for at blive forløst. Præsentationen af Cioran fører til en undersøgelse af hans indflydelse på den tyske filosof Peter Sloterdijks værk og tænkning. Gennem en analyse af tekster fra tre forskellige perioder i Sloterdijks forfatterskab viser jeg, at Cioran spiller en vigtig og vedvarende rolle igennem hele Sloterdijks filosofiske arbejde. Således forsøger jeg at konstruere et billede af Sloterdijks Cioran og at forstå hvorfor han anser ham for vigtig.
Helgener over det hele: Polymorf middelalderkristendom i Vor Frue Kirke, Skive
Authors: Haritopoulos Nikolaj Skou
Published: March 2019

English ABSTRACT: Drawing on iconographic material in the form of a decoration of church frescoes from the year 1522 in the medieval parish church Vor Frue Kirke in Skive (in Jutland) this article examines the Christian cult and mythology of saints in the Late Middle Ages as an expression of a polytheistic, systematizing world view. Taking a theoretical departure point in Robert Bellah’s theory of religious evolution concerning archaic and axial forms of religion and within the medieval Christian world view, the article provides an analysis of the catalogue of saints in Skive to determine which functions each saint seems to occupy in a pantheon and to uncover a grand scale hierarchy of the decoration as a whole. Finally, the catalogue of saints is put further into the big comparative perspective within Bellah’s theoretical framework by a comparison with the ancient Mesopotamian kudurru of the Babylonian king Melishipak 2nd as a typical archaic and analogistic system of gods.

DANSK RESUMÉ: Med eksempel i ikonografisk materiale i form af en udsmykning af kalkmalerier fra år 1522 i den middelalderlige sognekirke Vor Frue Kirke i Skive bliver den senmiddelalderlige kristne helgenkult og -mytologi i denne artikel under-søgt som udtryk for en polyteistisk, systematiserende verdensopfattelse. Med teoretisk udgangspunkt i Robert Bellahs religionsevolutionære teori om arkaiske og aksiale religionsformer og i det middelalderkristne verdenssyn gives en analyse af helgenka-taloget i Skive med henblik på at kortlægge, hvilke funktioner hver helgen udfylder i et panteon, og at afdække en overordnet hierarkisering af udsmykningen. Afslut-ningsvis sættes helgenkataloget yderligere ind i et større komparativt perspektiv via en sammenligning med den babylonske kong Melishipak 2.’s kudurru som et typisk arkaisk-analogistisk system af guder.
Association of late-onset postpartum depression of mothers with expressive language development during infancy and early childhood: the HBC study
Authors: Aoyagi Sona-Sanae , Takei Nori , Nishimura Tomoko , Nomura Yoko , Tsuchiya Kenji J.
Published: March 2019

Background

While it has been implied that an infant’s exposure to maternal postpartum depression (PPD) may be associated with delayed development of expressive language, it remains unclear whether such a delay persists into childhood and whether the onset of PPD onset—early (within 4 weeks after childbirth) vs. late (between 5 and 12 weeks postpartum)—is relevant in this context.

Objective

To examine whether children of mothers with early- or late-onset PPD have reduced expressive language scores during infancy and early childhood (up to 40 months of age).

Methods

This longitudinal, observational study was conducted as a part of the Hamamatsu Birth Cohort for Mothers and Children (HBC Study), a population-representative sample in Japan. A total of 969 neonates and their mothers were included in the analysis.

Exposures

Early- and late-onset PPD was measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Expressive language development was measured using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning. Six points over time were monitored (10, 14, 18, 24, 32, and 40 months postpartum). The relationship between the exposure variable and any change in expressive language score was evaluated using multiple linear regression analysis and growth curve analysis, both adjusted for covariates.

Results

Results from the adjusted regression analysis showed that children of mothers with late-onset PPD had significantly lower expressive language scores at 18 months of age and beyond, with a score reduction of approximately 0.6 standard deviations from the reference value at 40 months of age (95% CI [−0.888 to −0.265], p < .001). This association was confirmed on growth curve analysis, which revealed a significant, monotonic decline of expressive language development between 10 and 40 months of age among children of mothers with late-onset PPD, but not among children of mothers with early-onset PPD.

Conclusion

Exposure to late-onset PPD may lead to a persistent decline in the rate of expressive language development in offspring during infancy and early childhood, highlighting the significance of monitoring for late-onset PPD to facilitate early detection and intervention.
Counsel for Kings: Wisdom and Politics in Tenth-Century Iran. By Louise Marlow
Authors: Savant Sarah Bowen
Published: March 2019

Counsel for Kings: Wisdom and Politics in Tenth-Century Iran. By Louise Marlow. 2 vols. Edinburgh Studies in Classical Arabic Literature. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2016. Pp. xv + 344 (vol. 1), viii + 384 (vol. 2). $220, £150.
Homo Ritualis: Hindu Ritual and Its Significance for Ritual Theory. By Axel Michaels
Authors: Gerety Finnian M. M.
Published: March 2019

Homo Ritualis: Hindu Ritual and Its Significance for Ritual Theory. By Axel Michaels. New York: Oxford University Press, 2016. Pp. xix + 372. $41.95 (paper).
Books Received
Authors: Editors
Published: March 2019

Books Received
Preliminary Studies on Isolation, Bile Tolerance and Antibiogram of Potential Probiotics (Probionts) from Locally Fermented Food Products at Beach Market, Nsukka Metropolis, Enugu State, Nigeria
Authors: Berebon D. P. , Ofokansi K. C. , Attama A. A. , Eze C. O. , Onwusoba R. C. , Ugwoke I. C.
Published: March 2019

Aims: The study aims to isolate, evaluate bile tolerance and antibiogram studies of potential probiotics (Lactobacillus spp) from locally fermented Food Products (Akamu, Aqua Rafa® Yoghurt, Ogiri, Okpeye) and Kunu at Beach Market, Nsukka.

Study Design: A ten - fold serial dilution and spread plate method using De Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) medium was adopted for isolation of potential Probionts.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria Nsukka, between March - September, 2018.

Methodology: Only catalase negative and Gram positive isolates characteristic of lactobacilli were used. Bile tolerance test was performed by monitoring the bacterial growth at different Bile salt concentrations (0.2%, 0.3% and 2%). The antibiogram of the isolates was assessed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method against commercial antibiotic discs of ampicillin, vancomycin, gentamycin, ciprofloxacin, methicillin and erythromycin.

Results: All the 18 screened isolates were tolerant to bile salt at 0.2 % and 0.3 % with inhibition of growth at 2 % bile concentration. All isolates were observed to be resistant to methicillin (100 %) but very sensitive to gentamycin (11%) and ciprofloxacin (22%) respectively. The isolates showed intermediate resistance to other antibiotics: vancomycin (33%), erythromycin (33%) and ampicillin (44%). The decreasing pattern of resistance was thus: methicillin > ampicillin > vancomycin and erythromycin > ciprofloxacin > gentamycin. Isolates from Yoghurt (66.67%) and Ogiri (53.33%) provided most of the resistant isolates. Methicillin would provide best antagonist potential as all the isolates exhibited very high level of resistance (100 %).

Conclusion: These results suggest that all the eighteen potential Lactobacillus spp strain show potential for probiotic applications and the locally fermented food products are rich sources of probionts.
The Challenges of Retirees and Older Persons in Nigeria; a Need for Close Attention and Urgent Action
Authors: Daramola O. E. , Awunor N. S. , Akande T. M.
Published: March 2019

The Nigerian population is undergoing demographic transition, with a rising population of older persons. The population of the older persons in Nigeria is estimated to be around 6 million and a continuous increase is projected as a developing country in the second stage of demographic transition, with its high birth rate and lower death rate.

There are usually three main challenges confronting this age group. The first is poverty, due to loss or reduction of earning power. The second is the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases, with the accompanying increased healthcare utilization and financial burdens. Elder abuse has also been gaining attention as a major social problem.

Tackling these challenges requires multidimensional approach, joint collaborations and involvement of many stakeholders, hinging on strong government and political commitment, which is critical for effective implementation of any policy. It is essential to engage all stakeholders including; governments, institutions, organizations, civil society groups, private sector, community leaders, youth and youth groups, health-care providers, researchers, caregivers, families, older people, and the general public towards developing capacities for translating internationally agreed policy frameworks into practical realities  and ensuring that older persons in Nigeria enjoy income security, access to health care and not subjected to abuse.
microRNA‐222 promotes colorectal cancer cell migration and invasion by targeting MST3
Authors: Luo Fei , Zhou Jianfeng , Wang Shihua , Sun Zhao , Han Qin , Bai Chunmei
Published: March 2019

Metastasis is one of the major causes of death in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. MiR‐222 has been reported to be an oncogene in many types of cancer. However, its role in CRC cell invasion and migration as well as CRC downstream signaling pathways remains largely unknown. Our study found that miR‐222 overexpression promotes the migration and invasion of CRC cell lines, and miR‐222 interference results, as expected, in inhibition of migration and invasion. Bioinformatic analysis and dual luciferase reporter assay showed that mammalian STE20‐like protein kinase 3 (MST3) may be the target gene of miR‐222. Down‐expression of MST3 in CRC cell lines enhanced their migration and invasion, but overexpression of MST3 could attenuate miR‐222 overexpression in the promotion of migration and invasion in colorectal cell lines. HCT116 cell lines overexpressing miR‐222 were transplanted into nude mice resulting in more lung metastases than in the control group. Further study found that MST3 may play a role in paxillin phosphorylation to reduce adhesion, or increase the invadopodia. These findings demonstrate that miR‐222 modulates MST3 and therefore plays a critical role in regulating CRC cell migration and invasion. Thus, miR‐222 may be a novel therapeutic target for CRC.
P
olynucleobacter
Authors: Hahn Martin W. , Hoetzinger Matthias
Published: March 2019

Po.ly.nu.cle.o.bac'ter. Gr. adj.
polys,
many, numerous; L. masc. n.
nucleus,
a little nut, kernel; N.L. masc. n.
bacter,
a rod; N.L. masc. n.
polynucleobacter,
the rod (bacterium) with many nucleoids.

Proteobacteria / Betaproteobacteria / Burkholderiales / Burkholderiaceae / Polynucleobacter

The genus
Polynucleobacter
harbors bacteria with distinct lifestyles, dwelling either as free‐living organisms contributing to bacterioplankton in the water columns of freshwater systems or as obligate endosymbionts in the cytoplasm of ciliates (
Euplotes
). Obligate endosymbionts represent derived evolutionary stages of the primary free‐living strains.
Polynucleobacter
bacteria are cosmopolitan and ubiquitous in freshwater systems, which means, they dwell in freshwater systems worldwide and are omnipresent at least in lakes and ponds but frequently also dwell in running waters. Planktonic
Polynucleobacter
are abundant in many lakes and ponds, especially in acidic waters. Investigations on a broad variety of systems reported relative abundances of
Polynucleobacter
bacteria in the range of <1% up to 60% of bacterioplankton. The strains are usually characterized by small genomes of 1.5–2.5 Mb with medium G + C contents of 40–50 mol%. Cultivated strains require complex media and grow as aerobic chemoorganoheterotrophs; however, some strains contain genes putatively encoding anoxygenic photosynthesis or proteorhodopsins. Free‐living strains form small circular convex colonies with shiny surface on agar plates, and usually lack pigmentation. The majority of strains are characterized by small cell sizes and appear as curved or straight rods. Currently (August 2018), the genus contains 16 described species including one endosymbiotic taxon.

DNA G + C content
of
P. necessarius
47.7 mol% (melting point profile) and 44.9 mol% (buoyant density).

Type species
:
Polynucleobacter necessarius
Heckmann and Schmidt 1987, 457
VP
.
Autobiographical memory and autobiographical narrative of a staged event: The influence of the listener
Authors: Elmi Benedetta , Bartoli Eleonora , Smorti Andrea
Published: March 2019

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of narration and listening conditions in autobiographical memory of a staged event. Eighty young adults were recruited for the present research. First, they were interviewed on current issues (staged event). Second, they were asked to complete a memory questionnaire about the content of the interview. Then, they were assigned to three retrieval conditions: narration to an empathic listener, narration to a detached listener, and retrieving thinking silently about the event. Finally, 1 week later, the participants were asked to complete the memory questionnaire again to assess the influence of narration and listening conditions on memory. The results show that the experimental conditions significantly influenced the memory trend for a staged event. The emphatic listening condition promoted memory significantly more than did the other two conditions. The authors interpret these results in terms of the theory of narrativization.
Hydrophilic Doped Quantum Dots “Ink” and Their Inkjet‐Printed Patterns for Dual Mode Anticounterfeiting by Reversible Cation Exchange Mechanism
Authors: Huang Wenyi , Xu Meng , Liu Jiajia , Wang Jingyu , Zhu Yibin , Liu Jia , Rong Hongpan , Zhang Jiatao
Published: March 2019

Luminescent quantum dots (QDs) patterns have attracted great attention in anticounterfeiting applications because they can emit fluorescence upon excitation. Here, different from traditional luminescent patterns for anticounterfeiting purposes, a novel strategy based on the reversible cation exchange enabled Ag doped CdS quantum dots (CdS:Ag QDs) is reported to provide a higher security for anticounterfeiting. First, the reversibility of cation exchange enabled doped QDs crystal engineering have been revealed. The switch from nonluminescence to luminescence for several cycles by such a mechanism has been achieved. Second, the hydrophilic doped QDs “ink” can be prepared by surface modification, and then flexible bulk‐sized patterns can be printed on different substrates by inkjet printing technology, such as the parchment paper, PET foil, and paper currency substrates. Third, owing to the characteristic of stable crystal structure of CdS:Ag QDs, the patterns of such doped QDs on substrates can be switched by in situ cation exchange to achieve conversion of the disappearance and recovery of luminescent signals, from which a multiple dual mode anticounterfeiting verification can be provided.
Polyhedral Liquid Marbles
Authors: Geyer Florian , Asaumi Yuta , Vollmer Doris , Butt Hans‐Jürgen , Nakamura Yoshinobu , Fujii Syuji
Published: March 2019

A new type of armored droplet, a so‐called polyhedral liquid marble, is introduced in this work. These armored liquid marbles consist of liquid droplets stabilized by hydrophobic hexagonal plates made of poly(ethylene terephthalate), which adsorb to the liquid–air interface. Depending on the specific combination of plate size and droplet diameter, the plates self‐assemble into highly ordered hexagonally arranged domains. Even tetrahedral‐, pentahedral‐, and cube‐shaped liquid marbles composed of only 4 to 6 plates are demonstrated. During evaporation of the internal liquid, due to the high adsorption energy of the plates at the liquid–air interface, the overall surface area stays constant, resulting in strongly deformed polyhedral liquid marbles. In line with this, highly asymmetric polyhedral liquid marbles and letters are obtained due to the strong interfacial jamming exerted by the rigid hexagonal plates. This is particularly pronounced for larger plate sizes, leading to liquid marbles with unusually sharp edges (for example, rectangular edges). The polyhedral liquid marbles exhibit various stimuli‐responsive behaviors simultaneously being exposed to water, ammonia, or tetrahydrofuran vapors. Air‐driven polyhedral liquid marbles floating on water can reach velocities of several centimeters per second.
Scalable Synthesis of Ultrathin Mn3N2 Exhibiting Room‐Temperature Antiferromagnetism
Authors: Xiao Xu , Urbankowski Patrick , Hantanasirisakul Kanit , Yang Yao , Sasaki Stephen , Yang Long , Chen Chi , Wang Hao , Miao Ling , Tolbert Sarah H. , Billinge Simon J. L. , Abruña Héctor D. , May Steven J. , Gogotsi Yury
Published: March 2019

Ultrathin and 2D magnetic materials have attracted a great deal of attention recently due to their potential applications in spintronics. Only a handful of stable ultrathin magnetic materials have been reported, but their high‐yield synthesis remains a challenge. Transition metal (e.g., manganese) nitrides are attractive candidates for spintronics due to their predicted high magnetic transition temperatures. Here, a lattice matching synthesis of ultrathin Mn3N2 is employed. Taking advantage of the lattice match between a KCl salt template and Mn3N2, this method yields the first ultrathin magnetic metal nitride via a solution‐based route. Mn3N2 flakes show intrinsic magnetic behavior even at 300 K, enabling potential room‐temperature applications. This synthesis procedure offers an approach to the discovery of other ultrathin or 2D metal nitrides.
Propranolol‐Loaded Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Treatment of Infantile Hemangiomas
Authors: Wu Haiwei , Wang Xuan , Zheng Jiawei , Zhang Ling , Li Xiaoming , Yuan Wei‐En , Liu Xuejian
Published: March 2019

Infantile hemangioma (IH) is one of the most common neoplasm of infancy. Although with the potential to involute slowly after proliferation, IH has several subsets that could develop severe complications and lead to functional impairment or permanent disfigurement. In the present study, a novel propranolol (PRN) delivery system is developed that encapsulated in mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN). The primary nanoparticles are further treated with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to form PVA‐MSN‐PRN nanoparticles. The encapsulation efficiency is 58.8% ± 7.2%, and nanoparticles could release PRN in a controlled‐release way. It is discovered that PVA‐MSN‐PRN could significantly suppress hemangioma stem cell (Hemsc) proliferation, promote Hemsc apoptosis in vitro, and inhibit the growth of hemangiomain xenografts in vivo. A conclusion could be made that this novel nanodrug delivery system has high therapeutic efficacy, low cytotoxicity, low administration frequency, and provides an attractive strategy for efficient IH therapy.