bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and content validity of an instrument for assessing the motivation for weight loss in adolescents with overweight and obesity
Authors: Silva David Franciole Oliveira , Souza Angélica Luiza de Sales , Pimentel Jéssica Bastos , Souza Thatyane Oliveira , Araújo Eduarda Pontes dos Santos , Sena-Evangelista Karine Cavalcanti Maurício , Arrais Ricardo Fernando , Lima Severina Carla Vieira Cunha
Published: November 2020

Objective

To develop and validate the content of an instrument for assessing the motivation for weight loss in adolescents with overweight and obesity.

Methods

The development and validation of the instrument were conducted in five stages, for which two systematic reviews were conducted. The first one, for the identification of questionnaires assessing the motivation for weight loss, included six studies and contributed to the selection of the domains for the instrument. The second one, conducted to identify the motivations for weight loss in adolescents with overweight and/or obesity, included six studies and contributed to the selection of 17 motivations included in the initial version of the instrument. The motivations most commonly identified were: having better health, improving my appearance, improving my self-esteem and avoiding bullying. The content validity was confirmed by a committee of 12 experts from the areas of nutrition, endocrinology, psychology, and physical education. Based on these evaluations, the content validity index was calculated. Only the items with a content validity index >0.80 for practical relevance were held in the instrument.

Results

Five of the 17 motivations included in the initial version of the instrument were excluded because they had content validity index <0.80 for practical relevance. Of the 12 items held in the instrument, five were revised by experts in order to standardize wording and make the language more appropriate for adolescents. Experts categorized the items into the health, personal satisfaction, appearance and social domains.

Conclusions

This is the first instrument assessing the motivation for weight loss in adolescents with overweight and obesity in Brazil. The content validity evaluation by the panel of experts provided more practical relevance, as well as contributed to a better presentation of the items. Further psychometric testing is needed to determine reliability and construct validity of the instrument.
A thorough analysis of the contribution of experimental, derived and sequence-based predicted protein-protein interactions for functional annotation of proteins
Authors: Makrodimitris Stavros , Reinders Marcel , van Ham Roeland
Published: November 2020

Physical interaction between two proteins is strong evidence that the proteins are involved in the same biological process, making Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) networks a valuable data resource for predicting the cellular functions of proteins. However, PPI networks are largely incomplete for non-model species. Here, we tested to what extent these incomplete networks are still useful for genome-wide function prediction. We used two network-based classifiers to predict Biological Process Gene Ontology terms from protein interaction data in four species: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Escherichia coli, Arabidopsis thaliana and Solanum lycopersicum (tomato). The classifiers had reasonable performance in the well-studied yeast, but performed poorly in the other species. We showed that this poor performance can be considerably improved by adding edges predicted from various data sources, such as text mining, and that associations from the STRING database are more useful than interactions predicted by a neural network from sequence-based features.
Heart rate variability in dairy cows with postpartum fever during night phase
Authors: Aoki Takahiro , Itoh Megumi , Chiba Akiko , Kuwahara Masayoshi , Nogami Hirofumi , Ishizaki Hiroshi , Yayou Ken-Ichi
Published: November 2020

Autonomic nervous function evaluated by heart rate variability (HRV) and blood characteristics were compared between Holstein Friesian cows that developed postpartum fever (PF; n = 5) and clinically healthy (CH; n = 6) puerperal cows in this case-control study. A cow was defined as having PF when its rectal temperature rose to ≥39.5°C between 1 and 3 days postpartum. We recorded electrocardiograms during this period using a Holter-type electrocardiograph and applied power spectral analysis of HRV. Comparisons between the groups were analyzed byttest or Mann-WhitneyUtest, and the relationship between rectal temperature and each parameter was analyzed using multiple regression analysis. Heart rate was higher in PF cows than in CH cows (Mean ± SE, 103.3 ± 2.7 vs. 91.5 ± 1.7 bpm). This result suggested that PF cows had a relatively dominant sympathetic nervous function. Total (44,472 ± 2,301 vs. 55,373 ± 1,997 ms) and low frequency power (24.5 ± 3.8 vs. 39.9 ± 5.3 ms) were lower in PF cows than in CH cows. These findings were possibly caused by a reduction in autonomic nervous function. The total white blood cell count (54.3 ± 5.1 vs. 84.5 ± 6.4 ×102/μL) and the serum magnesium (2.1 ± 0.1 vs. 2.4 ± 0.1 mg/dL) and iron (81.5 ± 8.0 vs. 134.4 ± 9.1 μg/dL) concentrations were lower and the serum amyloid A concentration (277 ± 33 vs. 149 ± 21 μg/mL) was higher in PF cows than in CH cows. These results imply that more inflammation was present in PF cows than in CH cows. Multiple regression analysis showed that both of low frequency power and concentration of serum iron were associated with rectal temperature. We found differences in changes in hematologic results, biochemical findings, and HRV patterns between PF cows and CH cows.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical education: Medical students’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding electronic learning
Authors: Alsoufi Ahmed , Alsuyihili Ali , Msherghi Ahmed , Elhadi Ahmed , Atiyah Hana , Ashini Aimen , Ashwieb Arwa , Ghula Mohamed , Ben Hasan Hayat , Abudabuos Salsabil , Alameen Hind , Abokhdhir Taqwa , Anaiba Mohamed , Nagib Taha , Shuwayyah Anshirah , Benothman Rema , Arrefae Ghalea , Alkhwayildi Abdulwajid , Alhadi Abdulmueti , Zaid Ahmed , Elhadi Muhammed
Published: November 2020

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused an unprecedented disruption in medical education and healthcare systems worldwide. The disease can cause life-threatening conditions and it presents challenges for medical education, as instructors must deliver lectures safely, while ensuring the integrity and continuity of the medical education process. It is therefore important to assess the usability of online learning methods, and to determine their feasibility and adequacy for medical students. We aimed to provide an overview of the situation experienced by medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to determine the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of medical students regarding electronic medical education. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with medical students from more than 13 medical schools in Libya. A paper-based and online survey was conducted using email and social media. The survey requested demographic and socioeconomic information, as well as information related to medical online learning and electronic devices; medical education status during the COVID-19 pandemic; mental health assessments; and e-learning knowledge, attitudes, and practices. A total of 3,348 valid questionnaires were retrieved. Most respondents (64.7%) disagreed that e-learning could be implemented easily in Libya. While 54.1% of the respondents agreed that interactive discussion is achievable by means of e-learning. However, only 21.1% agreed that e-learning could be used for clinical aspects, as compared with 54.8% who disagreed with this statement and 24% who were neutral. Only 27.7% of the respondents had participated in online medical educational programs during the COVID-19 pandemic, while 65% reported using the internet for participating in study groups and discussions. There is no vaccine for COVID-19 yet. As such, the pandemic will undeniably continue to disrupt medical education and training. As we face the prospect of a second wave of virus transmission, we must take certain measures and make changes to minimize the effects of the COVID-19 outbreak on medical education and on the progression of training. The time for change is now, and there should be support and enthusiasm for providing valid solutions to reduce this disruption, such as online training and virtual clinical experience. These measures could then be followed by hands-on experience that is provided in a safe environment.
Taking wonders to the margins (Maravillas al Margen)
Authors: Vega Alicia
Published: November 2020

Translated into English for the first time, this article by film educator and outreach worker Alicia Vega describes her experiences conducting a series of Cinema Workshops in highly disadvantaged communities across Chile, which sought to provide younger children with early, formative understandings of cinema. A rich account of the experience, incorporating a variety of images drawn from the workshops, the article provides an intimate, detailed reflection on a remarkable film education and humanitarian endeavour. It concludes with a series of testimonials from children who participated in the project, as well as from their parents and other participants.
Consolidating an experimental pedagogy: Exploring ecologies of film education within France’s Cinéma Cent Ans De Jeunesse and Scotland’s Understanding Cinema project(s) between 2013 and 2019
Authors: Chambers Jamie
Published: November 2020

The Cinémathèque Française’s long-running Cinéma Cent Ans De Jeunesse (CCAJ) has become one of the most influential film education projects in the world today. This article reflects critically and in detail upon five years of the delivery of the project in Scotland, considering the changing pedagogical shapes of the project’s ‘curriculum’ alongside changing ecological factors (such as class size and age and lesson time) in considering how a small nation such as Scotland might best employ CCAJ as a means of addressing foundational film education.
Securing a place for film within the ongoing life of a Scottish state secondary school
Authors: Daly Michael , Thomson Jacqueline , Chambers Jamie
Published: November 2020

Scottish teachers interested in working with film frequently find themselves faced with a significant challenge in acquiring the confidence and experience to work with this medium in the classroom. Film education does not yet form any significant part of Scottish teacher training programmes and, as such, incorporating film in a medium-specific manner into curricular teaching can be a challenge. This article explores the perspectives of two secondary school teachers at John Paul Academy in Glasgow, who, with the support of UK-based film education charity Into Film, have begun to explore concrete, long-term ways of integrating film education into the school curriculum.
Film(making) education for all? British cultural policy and film education
Authors: Nunn Chris
Published: November 2020

Since the late 1990s various consortia have published papers and reports seeking to establish a systemic public film education in Britain. Despite the time and effort taken by colleagues in organizations such as the British Film Institute (BFI), who have been involved in the production of these papers since at least Making Movies Matter in 1999, it is observable that each policy initiative has eventually fallen away. This article seeks to explore the discourse that these reports, taken together, present and how this might impact the development of a future public film pedagogy, as well as affect students who seek to study film and television production at later stages. This research was finalized shortly before the COVID-19 pandemic, at a time when the film and television industries in Britain were demonstrating huge fiscal successes; however, the fate of the talent that will shape the future of these industries is still very much hanging in the balance.
Clase y género entre el espacio público y privado. Un análisis de la revista Para Ti en tiempos de crisis
Authors: Farías Mónica
Published: November 2020

El presente es un análisis feminista del rol de la relación de los medios y las identidades en tiempos de cambios estructurales. El objetivo es contribuir a llenar el vacío que existe en los estudios sobre la crisis socioeconómica y política de 2001-2002 en Argentina con relación a las mujeres de clase media y los medios. Se lleva a cabo un análisis discursivo de la revista Para Ti durante el período 1995-2008 y se presta atención a cómo se representan dos temas: 1) el vínculo entre las mujeres, el espacio público y la política, y 2) el consumo de alimentos. Este trabajo muestra cómo, a pesar de ciertas adaptaciones a los cambios socioeconómicos y políticos, las representaciones de las mujeres continuaron ancladas en modelos tradicionales de feminidad y domesticidad. De este modo, la revista contribuye a reforzar la “clase” como categoría fundamental de identidad.
Intervención, deuda externa y la conformación del orden espacial en América Latina
Authors: Fernandes Carvalho Veçoso Fabia
Published: November 2020

Este artículo reexamina el bloqueo de Venezuela ocurrido entre 1902 y 1903 y los debates jurídicos relacionados con intervención y deuda soberana en las Américas. El objetivo es analizar en detalle la argumentación jurídica de Luis María Drago que buscó invalidar el cobro de deudas por medio del uso de la fuerza ante el derecho internacional. El tratamiento jurídico sobre intervención a principios del siglo XX involucró un assemblage de cuestiones políticas y económicas – la operación y reconstitución de la Doctrina Monroe y las discusiones sobre la legalidad del uso de la fuerza para el cobro de deudas. El foco en deudaexterna abre espacio para cuestionamientos más amplios sobre el papel de los Estados en la protección de intereses comunes de comunidades políticas y las formas por las cuales intervenciones armadas pueden ser jurídicamente justificadas. En ese contexto, las reacciones de Drago al bloqueo de Venezuela muestran los desafíos relacionados al compromiso latinoamericano con la idea de no intervención.
La Consulta indígena en Chile: ¿Derecho de participación o de libre determinación?
Authors: Alvez Amaya Paulina , Becker Arnulf
Published: November 2020

El presente trabajo tiene por objeto desarrollar las contradicciones del estándar internacional del derecho a la consulta indígena expresadas en la confrontación entre dos paradigmas: uno decolonial de libre determinación, y la de un derecho humano a la participación dentro del marco democrático de un Estado. Se examinan los debates de la historia fidedigna -desde mediados del siglo XIX- de la elaboración de los principales instrumentos de derecho internacional referentes a los pueblos originarios como sujetos de derecho internacional, y en particular del derecho a la consulta indígena. Se complementa aquello con la literatura de doctrina especializada y organismos de interpretación oficial. Concluimos que existe una coexistencia paradójica en la medida que, aun habiéndose priorizado en abstracto y formalmente el paradigma de participación, la consolidación débil del derecho a consulta, sumado a ciertas particularidades, trae aparejado el incremento de la legitimidad de la autodeterminación.
Tsunami
Authors: Ding Jialin , Nathan Vikram , Alizadeh Mohammad , Kraska Tim
Published: November 2020

Filtering data based on predicates is one of the most fundamental operations for any modern data warehouse. Techniques to accelerate the execution of filter expressions include clustered indexes, specialized sort orders (e.g., Z-order), multi-dimensional indexes, and, for high selectivity queries, secondary indexes. However, these schemes are hard to tune and their performance is inconsistent. Recent work on learned multi-dimensional indexes has introduced the idea of automatically optimizing an index for a particular dataset and workload. However, the performance of that work suffers in the presence of correlated data and skewed query workloads, both of which are common in real applications. In this paper, we introduce Tsunami, which addresses these limitations to achieve up to 6X faster query performance and up to 8X smaller index size than existing learned multi-dimensional indexes, in addition to up to 11X faster query performance and 170X smaller index size than optimally-tuned traditional indexes.
Taurus
Authors: Xia Yu , Yu Xiangyao , Pavlo Andrew , Devadas Srinivas
Published: November 2020

Existing single-stream logging schemes are unsuitable for in-memory database management systems (DBMSs) as the single log is often a performance bottleneck. To overcome this problem, we present Taurus, an efficient parallel logging scheme that uses multiple log streams, and is compatible with both data and command logging. Taurus tracks and encodes transaction dependencies using a vector of log sequence numbers (LSNs). These vectors ensure that the dependencies are fully captured in logging and correctly enforced in recovery. Our experimental evaluation with an in-memory DBMS shows that Taurus's parallel logging achieves up to 9.9X and 2.9X speedups over single-streamed data logging and command logging, respectively. It also enables the DBMS to recover up to 22.9X and 75.6X faster than these baselines for data and command logging, respectively. We also compare Taurus with two state-of-the-art parallel logging schemes and show that the DBMS achieves up to 2.8X better performance on NVMe drives and 9.2X on HDDs.
Improving execution efficiency of just-in-time compilation based query processing on GPUs
Authors: Paul Johns , He Bingsheng , Lu Shengliang , Lau Chiew Tong
Published: November 2020

In recent years, we have witnessed significant efforts to improve the performance of Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) on graphics processing units (GPUs). Most existing studies have focused on improving memory efficiency since memory stalls can play an essential role in query processing performance on GPUs. Motivated by the recent rise of just-in-time (JIT) compilation in query processing, we investigate whether and how we can further improve query processing performance on GPU. Specifically, we study the execution of state-of-the-art JIT compile-based query processing systems. We find that thanks to advanced techniques such as database compression and JIT compilation, memory stalls are
no longer
the most significant bottleneck. Instead, current JIT compile-based query processing encounters
severe under-utilization of GPU hardware
due to divergent execution and degraded parallelism arising from resource contention. To address these issues, we propose a JIT compile-based query engine named
Pyper
to improve GPU utilization during query execution. Specifically, Pyper has two new operators,
Shuffle
and
Segment
, for query plan transformation, which can be plugged into a physical query plan in order to reduce divergent execution and resolve resource contention, respectively. To determine the insertion points for these two operators, we present an analytical model that helps insert Shuffle and Segment operators into a query plan in a cost-based manner. Our experiments show that 1) the analytical analysis of divergent execution and resource contention helps to improve the accuracy of the cost model, 2) Pyper significantly outperforms other GPU query engines on TPC-H and SSB queries.
Oxidative Damage and Antioxidant Response in Frontal Cortex of Demented and Nondemented Individuals with Alzheimer's Neuropathology
Authors: Fracassi Anna , Marcatti Michela , Zolochevska Olga , Tabor Natalie , Woltjer Randall , Moreno Sandra , Taglialatela Giulio
Published: November 2020

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by progressive neurodegeneration in the cerebral cortex, histopathologically hallmarked by amyloid β (Aβ) extracellular plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, constituted by hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Correlation between these pathologic features and dementia has been challenged by the emergence of “nondemented with Alzheimer's neuropathology” (NDAN) individuals, cognitively intact despite displaying pathologic features of AD. The existence of these subjects suggests that some unknown mechanisms are triggered to resist Aβ-mediated detrimental events. Aβ accumulation affects mitochondrial redox balance, increasing oxidative stress status, which in turn is proposed as a primary culprit in AD pathogenesis. To clarify the relationship linking Aβ, oxidative stress, and cognitive impairment, we performed a comparative study on AD, NDAN, and aged-matched human postmortem frontal cortices of either sex. We quantitatively analyzed immunofluorescence distribution of oxidative damage markers, and of SOD2 (superoxide dismutase 2), PGC1α [peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ-coactivator 1α], PPARα, and catalase as key factors in antioxidant response, as well as the expression of miRNA-485, as a PGC1α upstream regulator. Our results confirm dramatic redox imbalance, associated with impaired antioxidant defenses in AD brain. By contrast, NDAN individuals display low oxidative damage, which is associated with high levels of scavenging systems, possibly resulting from a lack of PGC1α miRNA-485-related inhibition. Comparative analyses in neurons and astrocytes further highlighted cell-specific mechanisms to counteract redox imbalance. Overall, our data emphasize the importance of transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of antioxidant response in AD. This suggests that an efficient PGC1α-dependent “safety mechanism” may prevent Aβ-mediated oxidative stress, supporting neuroprotective therapies aimed at ameliorating defects in antioxidant response pathways in AD patients.
Deficiency of Inositol Monophosphatase Activity Decreases Phosphoinositide Lipids and Enhances TRPV1 FunctionIn Vivo
Authors: Caires Rebeca , Bell Briar , Lee Jungsoo , Romero Luis O. , Vásquez Valeria , Cordero-Morales Julio F.
Published: November 2020

Membrane remodeling by inflammatory mediators influences the function of sensory ion channels. The capsaicin- and heat-activated transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channel contributes to neurogenic inflammation and pain hypersensitivity, in part because of its potentiation downstream of phospholipase C-coupled receptors that regulate phosphoinositide lipid content. Here, we determined the effect of phosphoinositide lipids on TRPV1 function by combining genetic dissection, diet supplementation, and behavioral, biochemical, and functional analyses inCaenorhabditis elegans. As capsaicin elicits heat and pain sensations in mammals, transgenic TRPV1 worms exhibit an aversive response to capsaicin. TRPV1 worms with low levels of phosphoinositide lipids display an enhanced response to capsaicin, whereas phosphoinositide lipid supplementation reduces TRPV1-mediated responses. A worm carrying a TRPV1 construct lacking the distal C-terminal domain features an enhanced response to capsaicin, independent of the phosphoinositide lipid content. Our results demonstrate that TRPV1 activity is enhanced when the phosphoinositide lipid content is reduced, and the C-terminal domain is key to determining agonist responsein vivo.
Implications of Oligomeric Amyloid-Beta (oAβ42) Signaling through α7β2-Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors (nAChRs) on Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Neuronal Intrinsic Excitability and Cognitive Decline
Authors: George Andrew A. , Vieira Jaime M. , Xavier-Jackson Cameron , Gee Michael T. , Cirrito John R. , Bimonte-Nelson Heather A. , Picciotto Marina R. , Lukas Ronald J. , Whiteaker Paul
Published: November 2020

Neuronal and network-level hyperexcitability is commonly associated with increased levels of amyloid-β (Aβ) and contribute to cognitive deficits associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the mechanistic complexity underlying the selective loss of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs), a well-recognized characteristic of AD, remains poorly understood. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the oligomeric form of amyloid-β (oAβ42), interacting with α7-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes, leads to subnucleus-specific alterations in BFCN excitability and impaired cognition. We used single-channel electrophysiology to show that oAβ42activates both homomeric α7- and heteromeric α7β2-nAChR subtypes while preferentially enhancing α7β2-nAChR open-dwell times. Organotypic slice cultures were prepared from male and female ChAT-EGFP mice, and current-clamp recordings obtained from BFCNs chronically exposed to pathophysiologically relevant level of oAβ42showed enhanced neuronal intrinsic excitability and action potential firing rates. These resulted from a reduction in action potential afterhyperpolarization and alterations in the maximal rates of voltage change during spike depolarization and repolarization. These effects were observed in BFCNs from the medial septum diagonal band and horizontal diagonal band, but not the nucleus basalis. Last, aged male and female APP/PS1 transgenic mice, genetically null for the β2 nAChR subunit gene, showed improved spatial reference memory compared with APP/PS1 aged-matched littermates. Combined, these data provide a molecular mechanism supporting a role for α7β2-nAChR in mediating the effects of oAβ42on excitability of specific populations of cholinergic neurons and provide a framework for understanding the role of α7β2-nAChR in oAβ42-induced cognitive decline.
FERMENTE GIDALARIN İNSAN SAĞLIĞI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ
Authors: AKDENİZ OKTAY Büşra , ÖZBAŞ Z. Yeşim
Published: November 2020

Tarihin eski dönemlerinde gıdaları fermente ederek kullanmanın amacı, gıda maddesini daha uzun süre saklayabilmek ya da gıdada çeşitli aroma maddelerini geliştirmek olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Sağlık üzerindeki olumlu etkilerinin anlaşılmasıyla birlikte, fermente gıdalar günümüzde sıklıkla tüketilen gıdalar haline gelmişlerdir. Fermente gıdalar, yararlı mikroorganizmaların katıldığı kontrollü prosesler ile, gıdaların fermantasyona uğraması sonucunda, çeşitli enzimatik değişimlerin ve sağlığa yararlı son ürünlerin meydana geldiği fonksiyonel gıdalar olarak tanımlanmaktadırlar. Fermantasyon sürecinde yer alan mikroorganizmalar, ürettikleri çeşitli metabolitler ve bunların insan sağlığı üzerindeki olumlu etkileri, birçok bilim dalının ilgisini çekmekte ve günümüzde halen, sıklıkla araştırılan konular arasında yer almaktadır. Bu derlemede, fermente ürünlerin ve probiyotik mikroorganizmaların çeşitli fonksiyonel özellikleri üzerinde durularak bunların, insan sağlığı üzerindeki olumlu etkileri ele alınmıştır.
Keystroke Dynamics Authentication Using a Small Number of Samples
Authors: Čapek Jan , Hub Miloslav
Published: November 2020

The verification of a person’s identity is very important in today’s information society, especially in e-commerce systems and directly affects user account management and administration. Although present e-commerce systems use many modern sophisticated methods of authentication, large numbers of e-commerce systems use passwords for this purpose incessantly. However, passwords are not considered be too secure because users usually do not adhere to security policies for creating and managing theirs passwords. This problem can be solved by security policies that require the user to change the password frequently, select a completely new password, and structure the password, which places additional demands on the user. The solution is a two-factor authentication where a user needs to know the right password and at the same time, he must write this password in the correct way. Indeed, many different methods for keystroke dynamics authentication exist nowadays, but unfortunately, many of them need a large number of samples to create a stable template and therefore it is impossible use them in systems whose security policy requires frequent password change. The authors suggest a completely new method for these purposes that is enough stable even with a small number of measurements to create a template. This proposed method of keystroke dynamics authentication is validated and results are compared with existing methods both over the own dataset and the existing reference datasets. The authors believe that the proposed method will simplify the management and administration of user accounts as well as their security.
Following Radical and Mainstream African-American Interest Groups on Social Media
Authors: Crowder Chaya
Published: November 2020

Groups across the political spectrum use social media as a tool for effecting change. This article analyzes posts on the micro-blogging platform Twitter to compare the online advocacy of the NAACP—one of the oldest and most established racial justice organizations—to Black Youth Project 100 (BYP100)—a newer organization that emerged at the start of the Black Lives Matter movement in 2013. Using data from an original dataset composed of 4,094 tweets posted from April 2016 to December 2016, I show that the NAACP is exponentially less likely than BYP100 to address issues related to gender and sexuality but significantly more likely to advocate for electoral political strategies like voting. Newer organizations do better at addressing a diverse African American constituency, but can neglect effective yet incremental reform strategies in favor of revolutionary rhetoric and action. This article encourages a consideration of how Black social movement organizations that are ostensibly very different can leverage multiple movement frames in service of a collective goal to combat racial violence and inequality. I conclude by considering organizational constraints that explain the differential rates with which these organizations discuss certain issues and the relative values of radical and mainstream political organizing.
Sociodrama: action mechanisms and directing strategies at two public events
Authors: Knobel Anna Maria
Published: November 2020

The author describes the origins of morenian Sociodrama, its action mechanisms, its practices and the Director’s action strategies. She defines group, points to the existence of different focuses for directing: protagonist, spontaneous and relational, comprehensively showing the workings of the sociometric-relational model, which works through the affective forces of approximation, distancing or indifference of each participant concerning the other ones. It also shows that mutual choices produce group cohesion and discordant choices produce conflicting dynamics. She indicates that this type of practice holds its pillars: modes of interaction, shared goals and roles, relational structures and functioning group dynamics. The author uses as examples two public interventions on which the sociometric criteria were applied.
De “la religión como contenido” a “lo religioso como referencia”: pistas para una transformación intercultural de la educación religiosa en Costa Rica
Authors: Méndez Méndez José Mario
Published: November 2020

Educational processes centered on objects of study tend to generate anthropocentric postures, questionable universalizations, and indoctrinating educational practices. When religious education prioritizes content, there is a risk of promoting moralizing processes. From the perspective of interculturality, it is possible to rethink religious education: it is a question of the religious being not understood as a content or object of study, but as a benchmark and as a human experience that provides a basis for dialogue and coexistence.
Language Teaching Techniques for Pronouncing the Past Tense Phonemes /t/, /d/, and /ɪd/ in Regular Verbs When Reading Aloud
Authors: Carranza Marchena Priscilla , Sánchez Vargas Sergio , Zamora Sánchez Geraldine
Published: November 2020

This article presents the results of a research study based on two language teaching techniques, drilling and color-coding, and their effect on the correct pronunciation of the past tense phonemes /t/, /d/, and /ɪd/ in regular verbs in simple past tense when reading aloud; the population of this study was composed of twelve young adults. Qualitative and quantitative data from two instruments: an identification tally sheet and a questionnaire were gathered. The results obtained in the pre and post-test (identification tally sheet) and the performance of the participants from the experimental groups (B and C) showed that there was a positive impact on the accurate production of the past tense phonemes when reading aloud. Lastly, this research study provides evidence to claim the teaching of drilling and color-coding techniques are useful to pronounce the past tense phonemes /t/, /d/, and /ɪd/ in regular verbs correctly.
Caracterización de la evaluación de los aprendizajes en una universidad con modalidad a distancia: el caso de la Universidad Estatal a Distancia (UNED) - 2017
Authors: Calderón Badilla Yency , Ulate Sánchez Rosita
Published: November 2020

The evaluation of learning is developed according to the guidelines and institutional regulations of an educational entity and is a reflection of a pedagogical and didactic strategy. For this reason, in 2017, a qualitative research was carried out with a comparative analysis of several institutional documents of Universidad Estatal a Distancia of Costa Rica. Guiding questions were stated in relation to the evaluation of learning: How should the evaluation of learning be?, who does it serve?, what is its planning and function?, and what type of evaluation is given? Although coincidences were found in the self-assessment and peer assessment strategies, there is no single institutional concept regarding the evaluation of learning, but it is at the service of the students with a guiding, preventive, and corrective feedback purpose. However, agreement is required on the characteristics and attributes that are expressed in the regulations with the planning of the evaluation, especially in the mechanisms of control for expected compliance. In a distance education model, the approach of evaluating to learn seems to be more relevant, given that it includes diagnostic, formative, self-regulated learning, and summative evaluation through alternative strategies that enable self-regulation of the students.
Influence of electrically neutral nickel atoms on electrical and recombination parameters of silicon
Authors:   Tashkent State Technical University 100095, Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Universitetskaya str. 2, Bakhadyrkhanov M.K. , Ismaylov B.K. ,   Karakalpak State University named after Berdakh, Uzbekistan 230112, KAR, Nukus, Ch. Abdirov str., 1, Tachilin S.A. ,   Tashkent State Technical University 100095, Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Universitetskaya str. 2, Ismailov K.A. ,   Karakalpak State University named after Berdakh, Uzbekistan 230112, KAR, Nukus, Ch. Abdirov str., 1, Zikrillaev N.F. ,   Tashkent State Technical University 100095, Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Universitetskaya str. 2
Published: November 2020

The results of this study show that creation of clusters from impurity nickel atoms almost completely suppresses generation of thermal donors within the temperature range 450 to 1200 °C. The composition of these clusters was determined using the technique of energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, which revealed that the typical cluster consists of silicon atoms (65%), nickel atoms (15%) and oxygen atoms (19%). Based on the experimental results, the authors have suggested that the nickel atoms intensively perform the role of getter for oxygen atoms in the course of clusterization. It was shown that the additional doping of silicon with nickel at T = 1100…1200 °C enables to ensure a sufficiently high thermal stability of its electrical parameters within a wide temperature range.
Electro-optical characteristics of an innovative LED luminaire with an LED matrix cooling system based on heat pipes
Authors:   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 41, prospect Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Pekur D.V. , Sorokin V.M. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 41, prospect Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Nikolaenko Yu.E. ,   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute” 37, prospect Peremohy, 03056 Kyiv, Ukraine, Kostylyov V.P. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 41, prospect Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Solntsev V.S. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 41, prospect Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Ponomarenko V.V. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 41, prospect Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: November 2020

Widespread use of energy-saving LED lighting systems powered by renewable energy sources, solar energy in particular, will contribute to the improvement of global ecology. One of the structural elements of such lighting systems is LED luminaire. The authors of this article perform a first ever experimental study of electro-optical characteristics of the basic version of a compact high-power LED luminaire for indoor use. The particular feature of this lighting device is that its cooling system for the LED light source is based on heat pipes and concentric cooling rings. Such design allows ensuring the required cooling efficiency of the LED matrix. The revealed trends in optical and electrical parameters during temperature stabilization indicate that the proposed cooling system is highly efficient in maintaining normal thermal conditions of LED light sources with a power of up to 140.7 W and a luminous flux of up to 15083 lm. The results on determining spatial distribution of luminous flux of these luminaires indicate that they may be used for lighting large rooms with high ceilings. Scaling the basic modular design version of the cooling system allows increasing the power of the LED light source up to 600 W.
Behavior Change, Egg Consumption, and Child Nutrition: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: McKune Sarah L. , Stark Heather , Sapp Amanda C. , Yang Yang , Slanzi Crystal M. , Moore Emily V. , Omer Anteneh , Wereme N’Diaye Aissata
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Malnutrition is a significant contributor to child morbidity and mortality globally. Egg consumption has been associated with improved child nutrition yet is rare in rural, resource-poor settings. We test the effects of a culturally tailored behavior change intervention to increase child egg consumption.

METHODS:

A 3-arm cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted in rural Burkina Faso with 260 mother-child dyads. Children aged 4 to 17 months from 18 villages were included; those with reported history of malnutrition or egg allergy were excluded. Each child in the full intervention arm received 4 chickens, and mothers received the 10-month behavior change package. Participants in the partial intervention arm received only the behavior change package.

RESULTS:

In this analysis of 250 children, the full (β = 4.3; P = 6.6 × 10−12) and the partial (β = 1.0; P = .02) interventions significantly increased egg consumption. The full intervention also significantly increased poultry production (β = 11.6; 95% confidence interval 8.3–15; P = 1.1 × 10−5) and women’s decision-making about eggs (β = .66; P = .02), and significantly decreased wasting (β = .58; P = .03) and underweight (β = .47; P = .02).

CONCLUSIONS:

The culturally tailored behavior change package significantly increased child egg consumption. When coupled with the gift of chickens, the behavior change intervention yielded a greater increase in egg consumption and significantly reduced wasting and underweight. Behavior change strategies to increase egg consumption should be considered among nutrition and health programs in resource-poor settings where poultry is available.
Impedance Matching Simulation for Microstrip Antenna on Frequency 3.4-3.7 GHz Using Double Stub
Authors: Susilawati Helfy , Fauzi Ahmad , Hasyim Akhmad
Published: November 2020

Impedance matching is an attempt to adjust the antenna impedance with the characteristic impedance of the transmission line. Impedance matching has functions to avoid reflected power from the antenna so that power cannot be received by the receiver. In this study, impedance matching was used double stub. The voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) indicates how well the impedance matching is made. Simulation of this impedance matching will use to microstrip antenna on frequency 3.4 – 3.7 GHz. CST Studio Suite is used to simulating the antenna microstrip with double stub. Based on the result, this research shows that VSWR and return loss in single and double rectangular microstrip antenna have a better value if use impedance matching than without using impedance matching.
Some applications on $q$-analog of the generalized hyperharmonic numbers of order $r,$ $ H_{n}^{r}(\alpha )$
Authors: KOPARAL Sibel , ÖMÜR Neşe , ÇOLAK Cemile Duygu
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we define $q$-analog of the generalized harmonic numbers $H_{n}(\alpha )$ and the generalized hyperharmonic numbers of order $r,$ $H_{n}^{r}(\alpha ),$ and obtain some sums involving these numbers. Finally, we examine new applications of an $n\times n$ matrix $A_{n}=\left[ a_{i,j}\right] $ with the terms $a_{i,j}=H_{i}^{r}(j,q).$
Semisimple-direct-injective modules
Authors: ABYZOV Adel , KOŞAN Muhammet Tamer , QUYNH Truong Cong , TAPKİN Daniel
Published: November 2020

The notion of simple-direct-injective modules which are a generalization of injective modules unifies $C2$ and $C3$-modules. In the present paper, we introduce the notion of the semisimple-direct-injective module which gives a unified viewpoint of $C2$, $C3$, SSP properties and simple-direct-injective modules. It is proved that a ring $R$ is Artinian serial with the Jacobson radical square zero if and only if every semisimple-direct-injective right $R$-module has the SSP and, for any family of simple injective right $R$-modules $\{S_i\}_{\mathcal{I}}$, $\oplus_{\mathcal{I}}S_i$ is injective. We also show that $R$ is a right Noetherian right V-ring if and only if every right $R$-module has a semisimple-direct-injective envelope if and only if every right $R$-module has a semisimple-direct-injective cover.
On MF-projective modules
Authors: ALAGÖZ Yusuf
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we study the left orthogonal class of max-flat modules which are the homological objects related to s-pure exact sequences of modules and module homomorphisms. Namely, a right module $A$ is called MF-projective if ${Ext}^{1}_{R}(A,B)=0$ for any max-flat right $R$-module $B$, and $A$ is called strongly MF-projective if ${Ext}^{i}_{R}(A,B)=0$ for all max-flat right $R$-modules $B$ and all $i\geq 1$. Firstly, we give some properties of $MF$-projective modules and SMF-projective modules. Then we introduce and study MF-projective dimensions for modules and rings. The relations between the introduced dimensions and other (classical) homological dimensions are discussed. We characterize some classes of rings such as perfect rings, $QF$ rings and max-hereditary rings by $(S)MF$-projective modules. We also study the rings whose right ideals are MF-projective. Finally, we characterize the rings whose $MF$-projective modules are projective.
Auriculotherapy and reducing chronic musculoskeletal pain: integrative review
Authors: Morais Bruna Xavier , Ongaro Juliana Dal , Almeida Franciele Ormizinda , Luz Emanuelli Mancio Ferreira da , Greco Patrícia Bitencourt Toscani , Magnago Tânia Solange Bosi de Souza
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT Objectives: to describe the scientific evidence on the use of auriculotherapy to reduce chronic musculoskeletal pain in adults and the elderly. Methods: integrative literature review conducted in the Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences, SciVerse Scopus and MEDLINE databases (via National Library of Medicine), in March 2019, with no time frame. Results: 14 original scientific articles were analyzed, 64.3% of which were classified with level of evidence 2. All productions show the benefit of auriculotherapy in reducing chronic musculoskeletal pain, especially in the lumbar spine (42.9%). The treatment was developed in one or more sessions, using semi-permanent needles (42.9%) and electro-auriculotherapy (21.4%). Conclusions: auriculotherapy was effective in reducing chronic musculoskeletal pain, showing itself as an alternative to be used for the promotion and recovery of individuals' health.
Nurse's interventions in preventing falls in hospitalized children: scoping review
Authors: Brás Alexandra Margarida Ribeiro , Quitério Margarida Maria de Sousa Lourenço , Nunes Elisabete Maria Garcia Teles
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT Objectives: map both nursing interventions for the prevention of falls in paediatric age during hospitalization and the instruments for assessing the risk of falls in paediatrics. Methods: scoping review according to the protocol of Joanna Briggs Institute, with acronym PCC (P - children, C - fall preventive nursing interventions and instruments for assessing the risk of falling, C - hospital admission), in three sources of information (EBSCO, PubMed and SciELO). Results: the sample consisted of seven articles. The education of the child/family is the basis of the interventions, and the instruments for assessing the risk of falling identified were: Humpty Dumpty Falls Scale, GRAF PIF, CUMMINGS, I'M SAFE and CHAMPS. Conclusions: the education of children/parents on preventive measures is important and should be reinforced during hospitalization, using different methodologies. The Humpty Dumpty Falls Scale was the most analyzed.
Psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Standard Precautions Questionnaire for health professionals in Brazil
Authors: Luna Thais Duarte da Costa de , Pereira-Ávila Fernanda Maria Vieira , Brandão Priscila , Michinov Estelle , Góes Fernanda Garcia Bezerra , Caldeira Natália Maria Vieira Pereira , Gir Elucir
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT Objectives: to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Standard Precautions Questionnaire. Methods: this is a methodological study conducted with physicians and nursing professionals for the evaluation of psychometric properties. A reliability analysis was conducted using Cronbach’s alpha. Exploratory factor analysis was performed and scores were analyzed using the known-groups method. Results: the scale was applied to 300 professionals: 88 nurses, 163 nursing technicians and 49 physicians. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.71. All items presented satisfactory factor loading. Known-group validity showed sensitivity of differences in the scores of socio-cognitive factors, where nurses obtained a significant effect in scores of intention (4.77; p=0.000) and individual constraints (3.52; p=0.041) when compared to other health professionals. Conclusions: satisfactory construct reliability and validity were obtained for the Brazilian version of the questionnaire, allowing a valid and reliable instrument for the assessment of socio-cognitive determinants of compliance with standard precautions.
Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in a Representative Sample of Undergraduate Students in Spain, Portugal, and Brazil
Authors: Afonso Junior Armando , Portugal Anna Carolina de Almeida , Landeira-Fernandez J. , Bullón Fernando Fajardo , Santos Eduardo João Ribeiro dos , Vilhena Junia de , Anunciação Luis
Published: November 2020

Abstract University students have shown a significant occurrence of depression and anxiety symptoms. This epidemiological work investigated the prevalence of such symptoms in university students in Spain, Portugal, and Brazil, as well as the possible differences according to nationality and gender from a representative sample of three universities (University of Extremadura/Spain, n = 1216; University of Coimbra/Portugal, n = 426, and PUC-Rio, n = 315) in 2015. The results suggest that Brazilian students have a greater manifestation of depression symptoms, especially women, and they also presented greater symptoms of anxiety. No difference was found in the anxiety results between countries. The correlation between depression and anxiety was positive and strong. This study can be of value in social, clinical and political settings.