bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Finding belonging?
Authors: Kinsella John
Published: September 2017

‘Returning’ to another house has made the process of seeking belonging – or finding belonging – all the more difficult. If we’d been able to return to Anchor Lodge we would have felt more connected. This is not an issue of ‘nation’ or ‘settlement’ or legality, but of sense of interaction, connection and even, to a certain degree, ‘acceptance’. Though I’ve never cared about ‘acceptance’, it is still an issue of mutual respect, and without it a vast amount of stored knowledge of place, accumulated through untold generations of familiarity, is kept securely locked away, with only snippets leaking out or falling through the cracks. It’s a knowledge one needs access to even in order to understand the way plants and birds work the hedgerows, function on the roadside verges. When the Wren Boys...
‘Below the surface-stream, shallow and light’ – transferences of weirding place: Through the Eye of Randolph Stow’s ‘still Life with Amaryllis Belladonna’ We Approach And Reproach the Pastoral and Arrive At a Reading of Still Moving by Marc Atkins and Rod Mengham
Authors: Kinsella John
Published: September 2017

In a sudden stillness

the Easter lilies she gave me

from her jungle garden

occupy the room.

Could she have known?

Eyes locked on eyes

hands locked on hands.

So was rapt Amyclae

undone by silence.

Two watches whisper

and on the table

a little scented pollen falls....
O’Keeffe v. Ireland: overview and analysis
Authors: Gallen James
Published: September 2017

James Gallen’s chapter reviews the case and the contributions of Adrian Hardiman and Conor O’Mahony to this book. Gallen argues that their discussion reveals the tension between the principle of subsidiarity and the right to effective protection and an effective remedy in the European Convention on Human Rights. The chapter argues that the case of O’Keeffe v Ireland also raises concerns about the European Court of Human Right methodology for the historical application of the Convention and about the interaction of Article 3 positive obligations with vicarious liability in tort. A further section examines the impact of the decision for victims of child sexual abuse and identifies that the decision provides the potential for an alternative remedy to the challenging use of vicarious liability in Irish tort law.
The jurisdiction of the European Court of Human Rights and the case of O’Keeffe v. Hickey
Authors: Hardiman Justice Adrian
Published: September 2017

The chapter of Mr. Justice Adrian Hardiman positions the European Convention on Human Rights in the context of the Irish domestic legal system and highlights the political motivations behind the decision to give effect to the Convention in Irish law at a sub-constitutional and interpretive level. The chapter argues that the the principle of subsidiarity is under threat in the decision in O’Keeffe, where, in his view, the Strasbourg Court dramatically expanded its jurisdiction and encroached upon national sovereignty. Mr. Justice Hardiman is particularly concerned that the Strasbourg court entertained a claim that was not presented in the High Court or Supreme Court and that the judgment appeared to merge O’Keeffe’s claims under direct State responsibility and vicarious liability. He argues that this reflects a departure from prior case law for the ECtHR. Mr. Justice Hardiman’s second concern centres on the use by the court of language of ‘objective’, ‘core objective’ and ‘core grievance’, suggesting that use of these terms implies that, at the discretion of the ECtHR, the simple word ‘all’ may mean ‘some’ or even ‘at least one’.
Merit, diversity and interpretative communities: the (non-party) politics of judicial appointments and constitutional adjudication
Authors: Kenny David
Published: September 2017

David Kenny’s chapter examines a recent proposals to eliminate politics from appointments with a system based on solely on ‘merit’. Merit, however, is an ‘empty vessels for substantive norms’ – it is filled with content that is invariably political. In Part II, the chapter argues that the composition of the judiciary in Ireland lacks diversity in terms of personal and educational background, and this compounds the homogeneity of judicial viewpoints, which inevitably shape our views on what the Constitution is for, and what the Constitution means, and therefore the diversity of our judiciary matters. In Part III, the chapter advance three suggestions in light of my conclusion that there are irreducible political considerations in judicial appointments: that we abandon the language of merit, along with any aspiration to nominate judges in a manner that expresses no political viewpoint about what judging should be; that, however we might reform judicial appointments to excise political patronage, we should not delegate this function from government to an independent body; and that we should increase the diversity of our judiciary, in terms of both professional and personal background. The way forward lies in admitting, rather than concealing, the politics at play in judicial appointments.
Introduction – the corpse in the closet: the Gothic, death, and modernity
Authors: Davison Carol Margaret
Published: September 2017

‘The earth is a tomb, the gaudy sky a vault, we but walking corpses.’

Mary Shelley, ‘On Ghosts’, 1824.1

Gothicists readily identify death as one of the foremost terrors at the heart of their cultural field of study. Certainly, the engine of terror that Horace Walpole identifies in the Preface to the first edition of ...
A double dose of death in Iginio Ugo Tarchetti’s ‘I fatali’
Authors: Petraglia Christina
Published: September 2017

This chapter posits a psychoanalytic reading of Iginio Ugo Tarchetti’s short story ‘I
fatali’ (‘The Fated Ones’) published posthumously in the collection Racconti fantastici (Fantastic Tales) (1869). It focuses on the mortal rivalry between the father and son figures, Count Sagrezwitch and Baron Saternez, who become known in late nineteenth-century Milanese society of the short story as true embodiments of fatal beings belonging to popular superstition, known as jinxes – bringers of bad fortune, illness, harm, and even death to others. Drawing from Otto Rank and Sigmund Freud’s conceptions of the Doppelgänger, it is argued that these protagonists emerge as complementary doubles for one another, as opposing incarnations of Death in the form of mysterious foreigners. This chapter also highlights the post-Unification, socio-cultural undertones of Tarchetti’s fantastic tale, affirms the existence of an Italian Gothic, and reveals the author’s portrayal of death’s spectacular nature.
Dead and ghostly children in contemporary literature for young people
Authors: Smith Michelle J.
Published: September 2017

The Gothic has become a dominant mode in children’s and young adult fiction published in the past decade. This chapter considers how Sonya Hartnett’s The
Ghost’s Child (2007), Chris Priestley’s Uncle Montague’s Tales of Terror (2007), Neil Gaiman’s The Graveyard Book (2008), and Ransom Riggs’ Miss Peregrine’s Home for Peculiar Children (2011) all represent dead or ghostly children who, in diverse ways, work to critique or remedy adult actions, particularly through their interactions with history. Contemporary Gothic children’s literature is, this chapter argues, distinctly different from Gothic fictions for adults, which often represent children as the bearers of death. In contrast, Gothic children’s literature displaces the anxieties that ordinarily accompany the representation of child death in realist fiction.
The Factory in a Garden
Authors: Chance Helena
Published: September 2017

From the 1880s, a new type of designed green space appeared in the industrial landscape in Britain and the USA, the factory pleasure garden and recreation park, and some companies opened allotment gardens for local children. Initially inspired by the landscapes of industrial villages in the UK, progressive American and British industrialists employed landscape and garden architects to improve the advantages and aesthetic of their factories. In the US, these landscapes were created at a time of the USA’s ascendancy as the world’s leading industrial nation. The factory garden and park movement flourished between the Wars, driven by the belief in the value of gardens and parks to employee welfare and to recruitment and retention. Arguably above all, in an age of burgeoning mass media, factory landscaping represented calculated exercises in public relations, materially contributing to advertising and the development of attractive corporate identities. Following the Second World War the Americans led the way in corporate landscaping as suburban office campuses, estates and parks multiplied. In the twenty-first century a refreshed approach brings designs closer in spirit to pioneering early twentieth century factory landscapes. This book gives the first comprehensive and comparative account of the contribution of gardens, gardening and sports to the history of responsible capitalism and ethical working practices from multiple critical perspectives and draws together the existing literature with key primary material from some of the most innovative and best documented of the corporate landscapes; Cadbury, the National Cash Register Company, Shredded Wheat and Spirella Corsets.
From factory gardens to ‘connected gardens’
Authors: Chance Helena
Published: September 2017

From the 1950s until the end of the century, American architects and landscape architects were driving innovation in design for corporate clients, while in Britain differing economic and social conditions shaped some alternative strategies for designing office space. By the 1970s, with an increasing diversity and accessibility of leisure attractions outside the workplace, workplace recreation declined. In the twenty-first century digital age, the domesticated corporate garden of the early twentieth century industrial age has been reaffirmed; as companies strive to be socially responsible and sustainable, workplace gardens are promoted as sites for self-improvement. Providing gardens and physical exercise in the workplace is a response to the rapidity of technological change where nature’s redeeming powers become an antidote first to the machine age and then to the digital age and the corporate lives they construct. Corporate landscape design today has become a key factor in the promotion of responsible capitalism and at the same time, these landscapes play a vital role in the greening of our cities and suburbs and in embedding the principle that access to open green space is a human right.
Islamic aid in a North Malian enclave
Authors: Benthall Jonathan
Published: September 2017

This chapter is the result of a visit in 2006 to observe the work of Islamic Relief Worldwide (IRW) in the Timbuktu region of Northern Mali, whose struggling economy was at that time benefiting from a short period of peace in the “Tuareg rebellions”. IRW’s local headquarters was based in the remote town of Gourma Rharous. The chapter describes its remarkable integration with the local community, and its commitment to staying there rather than moving on like some other aid agencies have done. Since Islam is deeply embedded in Malian life, this chapter provides a positive example of “cultural proximity”, i.e. the proposition that a Faith Based Organization can have a privileged access to beneficiaries who share the same religious culture.
An unholy tangle: Boim versus the Holy Land Foundation
Authors: Benthall Jonathan
Published: September 2017

This chapter, originally published in a law journal (the UCLA Journal of Near Eastern and Islamic Law), follows up the issue of the Palestinian zakat committees which was discussed in Chapter 5. It describes a civil action launched in the US courts by the family of David Boim, a boy of seventeen, who was killed by Palestinians in a drive-by shooting in the West Bank in 1996. The family, being unable to sue either two alleged murderers or Hamas (as the presumed instigator of the attacks) sued the Holy Land Foundation on the grounds that it had remitted funds to zakat committees, held to be façades for Hamas. The Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit found in favour of the Boims, by a majority. The majority decision was written by Judge Richard Posner. The controversial principles in US law of “material support for terrorism” and “fungibility” (i.e. transferability) of assets are discussed here. It is argued that the Court did not give enough attention to making clear its commitment to fairness, while the minority opinion was unimpeachable.
Introduction
Authors: White Timothy J.
Published: September 2017

There is a long history of case study research in the field of International Relations. This introductory chapter summarizes the benefits that derive from case study research and summarizes the insight and analysis that come from the chapters in the edited collection. Case study research is an attempt to develop theory or seek an answer to an apparent anomaly by the intensive study of a single case or group of cases. The principal advantage of this methodology is it is particularly good at exploring causal mechanisms. While some sight the problem of external validity when focusing on a single case study, the researchers in this volume are careful not to over-generalize from the single case. The chapters in this volume explain various aspects of the Northern Ireland peace process and further our understanding of various theories of International Relations related to conflict resolution and peacebuilding.
Issues, leaders, and regimes: reaching settlement in Northern Ireland
Authors: Owsiak Andrew P.
Published: September 2017

How do actors settle contentious territorial issues – particularly the delimitation of their mutual borders? This chapter uses interview data to examine this broad question within the context of Northern Ireland. The issue-based approach to conflict suggests that states handle territorial disputes via more aggressive foreign policies than disputes over non-territorial issues. This perspective therefore predicts protracted negotiations and violence in Northern Ireland, but Irish nationalists redefined the territorial basis of the conflict to allow a peace agreement to emerge. Selectorate theory predicts that leaders will be constrained in negotiations by what their constituencies want. The interview data in this chapter suggests that political elites negotiating the Agreement were very conscious of the need to both lead and follow their constituencies in the peace process.
Assessing the importance of ideas and agency in the Northern Ireland peace process
Authors: McLoughlin P. J.
Published: September 2017

This chapter examines the importance of ideas and agency in the Northern Ireland peace process by focusing on the former leader of the SDLP and joint Nobel Peace Prize Winner, John Hume. Hume was one of the most important and long-standing elites in Northern Ireland conflict. He emerged first as a civil rights leader at the outset of the Troubles, was a founding member of the SDLP, and was central to the negotiations that led to the Good Friday Agreement. Moreover, Hume played a unique dual role in his career. First, he was a political thinker, or perhaps more accurately an articulator, of a new approach to the Northern Ireland problem. Second, Hume was a key negotiator and political broker, most significantly helping to persuade militant republicans to adopt a peaceful political strategy, continually engaging with British and Irish political elites, and even guiding external actors like the US government and the EU in their respective inputs to the Northern Ireland peace process.
Gender, International Relations theory, and Northern Ireland
Authors: Braniff Máire , Whiting Sophie
Published: September 2017

Scholars have increasingly focused on the role of gender in international relations and in particular the role of gender in conflict and peacebuilding. Chapter six explores the important role gender plays in the context of the Northern Ireland peace process. IR scholars have increasingly recognized that women experience insecurity differently from men and participate in conflict resolution and peacebuilding differently as well. This chapter links the latest research on gender and security with developments in Northern Ireland, contending that the peace process has privileged the masculine, marginalizing the role of women. The chapter’s findings highlight the historic small role women played as elected representatives in Northern Ireland. When women attempted to assert themselves as actors forming the Northern Ireland Women’s Coalition (NIWC) in 1996, their failure to become part of the formal political process meant that a decade later the organization dissolved, a victim of the continuing male dominated structures that shape post-Agreement Northern Ireland.
Cooperation theory and the Northern Ireland peace process
Authors: White Timothy J.
Published: September 2017

The eleventh chapter assesses the utility of cooperation theory to explain the peace process in Northern Ireland. This theory stresses the interconnectedness of leaders’ decision-making and the complexity associated with the emergence of cooperation. This theoretical approach stresses the possibility of actors learning to cooperate with others who have differing or competing interests, thus, emphasizing adaptive rather than rational policy-making. Negotiators representing different states and groups in Northern Ireland came to their decisions and policy choices based on the expected reaction of others. The complexity of this interaction came to be appreciated by the actors themselves. While historically cooperation theory explained state behaviour, the cooperation that led to the signing and implementation of the Agreement required a pattern of coordinated cooperation among numerous actors, including historic rivals.
Deadly Remedy
Authors: Kabat Geoffrey C.
Published: September 2017

The dangers of herbal supplements were highlighted when a number of young women attending a weight loss clinic in Brussels, Belgium developed kidney failure. It turned out that the herb Aristolochia had been mistakenly substituted for another benign herb. Scientists linked the type of kidney damage found in the women in Brussels to a long-standing mysterious disease in the Balkans, referred to as Balkan Endemic Nephropathy. Studies using molecular techniques have shown that the cause of both conditions is a compound in the Aristolochia plant, which can cause kidney damage as well as a rare cancer of the upper urinary tract. This research underscores the dangers of certain herbal supplements.
Frontier Investor
Authors: Dimitrijević Marko , Mistele Timothy
Published: September 2017

Where are the next decade's greatest investment opportunities? Veteran investor Marko Dimitrijevic argues that they can be found in frontier markets, which account for seventy-one of the world's seventy-five fastest-growing economies and 19 percent of the world's GDP. Yet many investors ignore them. Fueled by new access to technology and information, frontier markets are emerging even faster than their predecessors, making them an essential component of a globally diversified portfolio. In Frontier Investor, Dimitrijevic shows through colorful case studies, compelling charts, and fascinating travel anecdotes that it is not only possible but prudent to invest in these unfamiliar and undervalued options. Dimitrijevic explains how frontier markets such as Nigeria, Panama, and Bangladesh are poised to follow the similar paths of Chinese, Indian, and Russian markets, which were considered exotic two decades ago. He details a strategy for how and where to invest, directly or indirectly, to profit from frontier growth. Dimitrijevic covers the risks, political and otherwise, of these markets, the megatrends that promise exciting investment opportunities in the coming years, and the prospects for countries beyond the frontier, including Myanmar, Cuba, and even Iran. Rich with experience and insight, Frontier Investor opens up a whole new world—and worldview—to investors.
Privatizations
Authors: Dimitrijević Marko , Mistele Timothy
Published: September 2017

Explores investments in privatizations, from the eastern European voucher programs of the 1990s to current efforts by many frontier markets to privatize state-owned assets.
Political Risks in Frontier Markets
Authors: Dimitrijević Marko , Mistele Timothy
Published: September 2017

Looks at the political risks of investing in frontier markets.
Broken Tablets
Authors: Hammerschlag Sarah
Published: September 2017

Over a span of thirty years, twentieth-century French philosophers Emmanuel Levinas and Jacques Derrida held a conversation across texts. Sharing a Jewish heritage and a background in phenomenology, both came to situate their work at the margins of philosophy, articulating this placement through religion and literature. Chronicling the interactions between these thinkers, Sarah Hammerschlag argues that the stakes in their respective positions were more than philosophical. They were also political. Levinas’s investments were born out in his writings on Judaism and ultimately in an evolving conviction that the young state of Israel held the best possibility for achieving such an ideal. For Derrida, the Jewish question was literary. The stakes of Jewish survival could only be approached through reflections on modern literature’s religious legacy, a line of thinking that provided him the means to reconceive democracy. Hammerschlag’s reexamination of Derrida and Levinas’s textual exchange not only produces a new account of this friendship but also has significant ramifications for debates within Continental philosophy, the study of religion, and political theology.
The Pi of Politics
Authors: DeConick April D.
Published: September 2017

The reaction of the early heresy hunters, including Irenaeus, Tertullian, Hippolytus, and Epiphanius; questions of Gnostic Spirituality and its relationship to politics, counterculturalism, transgression, subversion, and heresy. Engages the movie, “Pi.”
Pleasantville Religions
Authors: DeConick April D.
Published: September 2017

Emergence of the first Gnostic new religious movements; Church of Mani; Church of Pistis Sophia; Mandaeism. Engages the movie, “Pleasantville.”
Fighting Back
Authors: Webster Nancy , Shirley David
Published: September 2017

Investigates the increasingly organized, and contentious, meetings of members of the Brooklyn community during the mid-1980s to resist private development of the piers and propose an alternative plan for public use of the space.
Nāgas and Relics
Authors: Scheible Kristin
Published: September 2017

Surveys the moral world illumined by this particular reading of the Mahāvaṃsa, and the role of the especially salient character of the nāgas in that world. This chapter argues that the nāgas drive the entire narrative arc of the text, beginning with the initiatory, physical visit of the Buddha, their successful conversion by the Buddha himself, through the acquisition, enshrinement, and right veneration of his relics. This chapter goes on to show how the textual community envisions the world without the enduring, living presence of the Buddha, where relics are a viable technology developed by a community seeking continues proximity to the Buddha. Nāgas are utilized as particularly salient characters to facilitate the ongoing connection with the Buddha as they help determine the value of relics, they locate and guard relics, they are simultaneously model worshippers and unworthy hoarders of relics, and they mark time and recall the Buddha by becoming relics. After exploring the tripartite classification of relics operative in the early medieval textual community responsible for the Mahāvaṃsa, we will investigate the nāgas’ relationships to relics of use (pāribhogika), corporeal relics (sarīrika), and representation or image relics (uddesika).
Power and the “Drive for Mastery”
Authors: Trumbull Robert
Published: September 2017

Trumbull reconstructs Derrida’s latter critique of Foucault, concentrating on Foucault’s relationship to Freud. He uses Freud, particularly on the death drive, to challenge and improve Foucault’s understanding of power. This, he argues, gives rise to a new understanding of and direction for deconstructive genealogy.
In Pursuit of Privilege
Authors: Hood Clifton
Published: September 2017

A history that extends from the 1750s to the present, In Pursuit of Privilege recounts upper-class New Yorkers’ struggle to create a distinct world guarded against outsiders, even as economic growth and democratic opportunity enabled aspirants to gain entrance. Despite their efforts, New York City’s upper class has been drawn into the larger story of the city both through class conflict and through their role in building New York’s cultural and economic foundations. In Pursuit of Privilege describes the famous and infamous characters and events at the center of this extraordinary history, from the elite families and wealthy tycoons of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries to the Wall Street executives of today. From the start, upper-class New Yorkers have been open and aggressive in their behavior, keen on attaining prestige, power, and wealth. Clifton Hood sharpens this characterization by merging a history of the New York economy in the eighteenth century with the story of Wall Street’s emergence as an international financial center in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, as well as the dominance of New York’s financial and service sectors in the 1980s. Bringing together several decades of upheaval and change, he shows that New York’s upper class did not rise exclusively from the Gilded Age but rather from a relentless pursuit of privilege, affecting not just the urban elite but the city’s entire cultural, economic, and political fabric.
Making Spaces of Their Own
Authors: Hood Clifton
Published: September 2017

From the standpoint of the upper class, the most significant development in the early twentieth century was an organizational transformation that gave rise to the corporate executive. As corporations grew larger and more complex, salaried managers became the cornerstone of modern business enterprises. Senior executives and their families and close associates formed the corporate elite – and New York’s was easily the largest and most powerful in the nation. The mode of life these corporate elites constructed and the ideology they and their successors formulated became the basis of a new upper class that in time would challenge the prerogatives and meanings of the Gilded Age upper class. Corporate elites cared more about managing these gigantic organizations than about social pedigree, and they took pride in their educational and career successes. Their attention to career and their work ethic gave them a middle-class orientation, yet they also wanted to separate themselves from those in the broader middle class who had not reached their level of wealth and status. They did so by means of their elite suburban residences, their membership in country clubs, and the preparatory schools where they sent their children.
Culinary Comfort
Authors: Lindenfeld Laura , Parasecoli Fabio
Published: September 2017

Explores unusual – and often culturally problematic – models of masculinity and their relationship to food, taking into consideration male characters as nurturers and caretakers both in the private and the public sphere. The analysis considers how these films operate in seeming opposition to films that tend to use food unobtrusively to reinforce dominant models of masculinity. Under closer examination, movies such as What’s Eating Gilbert Grape (Lasse Hallström, 1993), Heavy (James Mangold, 1995), Eat Your Heart Out (Percy Adlon, 1997), and later Spanglish (James L. Brooks, 2004) and Sideways (Alexander Payne 2004), reveal that these seemingly different and innovative images reiterate mainstream forms of manhood and thus reinforce gender hierarchies. Ang Lee’s The Wedding Banquet (1993) and Eat Drink Man Woman (Ang Lee, 1994) provide the necessary background to the discussion about the relationship among men, cooking, and masculinity.
When Weirdos Stir the Pot
Authors: Lindenfeld Laura , Parasecoli Fabio
Published: September 2017

Explores recent animated films that embrace the idea that belonging to a community does not require conformity to social expectations, but rather builds on the protagonist’s individuality and seeming queerness. In box office hits like Ratatouille (Bird, 2007), Kung Fu Panda (Osborn and Stevenson, 2008), and Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs (Lord and Miller, 2009), and in the lesser known Bee Movie (Hickner and Smith. 2007), The Tale of Desperaux (Fell and Stevenhagen, 2008), character development connects closely with food, which becomes the instrument of the heroes’ redemption even when it would initially appear to be the very cause of their social isolation. This raises the question: What models of acceptable adulthood – in terms of gender, class, ethnicity, and body image - does the interaction with food present to viewers, in particular children, who are arguably among the main marketing targets of these productions? Although cooking is still often culturally framed as an element of the domestic and feminine sphere, in these films food is not domestic or related to care work, and as such appears as more culturally acceptable for males.
Conclusion
Authors: Lindenfeld Laura , Parasecoli Fabio
Published: September 2017

Considers food films within the broader context of representations of food and points to a newer body of documentary and docufiction food films, as well as fictional films, that approach the intersection of food, cultural citizenship, and identity from significantly different vantage points. In many ways, these works respond to and critique the collective body of narrative food films. Films include works as diverse as Fast Food Nation (Linklater, 2006), Supersize Me (Spurlock, 2004), Food Inc. (Kenner, 2008), Jiro Dreams of Sushi (Gelb, 2011), and McFarland, USA (Caro, 2015). Unlike the other films examined throughout the book, they put food at the center of social and political debates that tend to appear in the background or are discretely ignored in other media.
A Brief History of Entrepreneurship
Authors: Carlen Joe
Published: September 2017

A Brief History of Entrepreneurship charts how the pursuit of profit by private individuals has been a prime mover in revolutionizing civilization. Entrepreneurs often butt up against processes, technologies, social conventions, and even laws. So they circumvent, innovate, and violate to obtain what they want. This creative destruction has brought about overland and overseas trade, colonization, and a host of revolutionary technologies—from caffeinated beverages to the personal computer—that have transformed society. Consulting rich archival sources, including some that have never before been translated, Carlen maps the course of human history through nine episodes when entrepreneurship reshaped our world. Highlighting the most colorful characters of each era, he discusses Mesopotamian merchants’ creation of the urban market economy; Phoenician merchant-sailors intercontinental trade, which came to connect Africa, Asia, and Europe; Chinese tea traders’ invention of paper money; the colonization of the Americas; and the current “flattening” of the world’s economic playing field. Yet the pursuit of profit hasn’t always moved us forward. From slavery to organized crime, Carlen explores how entrepreneurship can sometimes work at the expense of others. He also discusses the new entrepreneurs who, through the nascent space tourism industry, are leading humanity to a multiplanetary future. By exploring all sides of this legacy, Carlen brings much-needed detail to the role of entrepreneurship in revolutionizing civilization.
At the Mercy of Their Clothes
Authors: Marshik Celia
Published: September 2017

In much of modern fiction, it is the clothes that make the character. Garments embody personal and national histories. They convey wealth, status, aspiration, and morality (or a lack thereof). They suggest where characters have been and where they might be headed, as well as whether or not they are aware of their fate. This study explores the agency of fashion in modern literature.
Celia Marshik’s study combines close readings of modernist and middlebrow works, a history of Britain in the early twentieth century, and the insights of thing theory. She focuses on four distinct categories of modern clothing: the evening gown, the mackintosh, the fancy dress costume, and secondhand attire. In their use of these clothes, we see authors negotiate shifting gender roles, weigh the value of individuality during national conflict, work through mortality, and depict changing class structures. Marshik’s dynamic comparisons put Ulysses in conversation with Rebecca, Punch cartoons, articles in Vogue, and letters from consumers, illuminating opinions about specific garments and a widespread anxiety that people were no more than what they wore. Throughout her readings, Marshik emphasizes the persistent animation of clothing—and objectification of individuals—in early-twentieth-century literature and society. She argues that while artists and intellectuals celebrated the ability of modern individuals to remake themselves, a range of literary works and popular publications points to a lingering anxiety about how political, social, and economic conditions continued to constrain the individual.
Better Presentations
Authors: Schwabish Jonathan
Published: September 2017

Whether you are a university professor, researcher at a think tank, graduate student, or analyst at a private firm, chances are that at some point you have presented your work in front of an audience. Most of us approach this task by converting a written document into slides, but the result is often a text-heavy presentation saddled with bullet points, stock images, and graphs too complex for an audience to decipher—much less understand. Presenting is fundamentally different from writing, and with only a little more time, a little more effort, and a little more planning, you can communicate your work with force and clarity.
Designed for presenters of scholarly or data-intensive content, Better Presentations details essential strategies for developing clear, sophisticated, and visually captivating presentations. Following three core principles—visualize, unify, and focus—Better Presentations describes how to visualize data effectively, find and use images appropriately, choose sensible fonts and colors, edit text for powerful delivery, and restructure a written argument for maximum engagement and persuasion. With a range of clear examples for what to do (and what not to do), the practical package offered in Better Presentations shares the best techniques to display work and the best tactics for winning over audiences. It pushes presenters past the frustration and intimidation of the process to more effective, memorable, and persuasive presentations.
Type
Authors: Schwabish Jonathan
Published: September 2017

Your audience will be immediately influenced by the text on your slides. You will therefore want to carefully consider the font you choose and how large it appears on your slide. Use larger text so your audience can see the text quickly and easily and then get back to the job of paying attention to you.
The Text Slide
Authors: Schwabish Jonathan
Published: September 2017

Your audience will try to read all of the text you place on your slides, as soon as the slide is shown. And while that text can help support your point and argument, not everything you say needs to be shown on the screen. When you do place text on your slides, use good hierarchy and layer the text one section at a time to direct the audience’s eye and draw attention. Better yet, when possible, convert your text to visuals because people are more likely to remember and recognize visuals than text.
Conclusions
Authors: Schwabish Jonathan
Published: September 2017

I hope you are convinced that creating more visual slides—with less text, bullets, and dense graphs and tables—is a better and more efficient way to communicate with your audience. Filling slides with sentence after sentence, number after number, and line after line forces your audience to work too hard while you are speaking. They will pay more attention to all those little details and less attention to you. These specifics are better suited for your written report....
Originating Japanism
Authors: Reed Christopher
Published: September 2017

Challenges the gender dynamics of conventional histories of Japanism that retroactively privilege avant-garde artists over bachelor collectors and the female dealer who was arguably the first japoniste. It examines three paradigmatic Japanist spaces in 19th-century Paris, all bachelor quarters. Henri Cernuschi’s house-museum, which frames artifacts from East Asia in an architecture redolent of Italian-inflected Enlightenment values, is now the museum of Asian art of the City of Paris. The Goncourt brothers’ house is famous as a model of Aesthetic domesticity. Hugues Krafft’s zashiki, imported from Japan, and its extensive Japanese gardens was an important site for Parisians interested in Japan.
The Yadava Century
Authors: Novetzke Christian Lee
Published: September 2017

Explores the sociopolitical world of the Yadava century that served as the context for Marathi literary vernacularization. The Yadavas, also called the Sevunas, were a non-Brahmin dynasty that stabilized their political territory by creating a clientelist Brahminical ecumene. As a system this Brahminical ecumene served the political aims of the non-Brahmin Yadava state. This chapter outlines the social order in which vernacularization would emerge.
Traces of a Medieval Public
Authors: Novetzke Christian Lee
Published: September 2017

Uses the inscriptional record left by the Yadavas to counter a common assumption made by historians that Marathi vernacularization was underwritten by Yadava political support. I find no evidence for this widely held claim, but instead show how the royal court did appear to regard Marathi as a language of significant utility in accessing the vast quotidian “public” that surrounded and populated the Yadava realm. This allowed greater freedom for new religious communities to adopt Marathi as a means to reach a nonelite population. At the same time, the social value of literacy, a feature of the Brahminic ecumene, led the Brahmin figures at the center of literary vernacularization (Chakradhar, the early Mahanubhavs, Jnandev) to compose a new literature in Marathi.
The Mahanubhav Ethic
Authors: Novetzke Christian Lee
Published: September 2017

Tracks how this rejection of social inequity inspired the use of Marathi as the medium of communication for the early Mahanubhav community. In writing a historical text, the early Mahanubhavs wished to preserve the language their founder was remembered to have used, which was Marathi. This was a language understood as feminine and “imperfect” in the taxonomies of Sanskritic linguistic hierarchy, yet it perfectly suited his audience, especially the female followers whom the early Mahanubhavs wished not to alienate—in particular the “old ladies,” as one prominent Mahanubhav said.
A Vernacular Manifesto
Authors: Novetzke Christian Lee
Published: September 2017

Discusses the rationale that Jnandev gives in his text for the innovative use of Marathi rather than Sanskrit as his medium. Jnandev claims that he uses Marathi for the sake of “women, low castes, and others,” which is the constituency he believes the Bhagavad Gītā also exists to serve. While it may seem like a description of the “downtrodden” this phrase was in fact a description of the vast majority of the population. I observe how the Jñāneśvarī serves as a manifesto for a very particular ethics around society and literature.
Determinants of Local Discretion in Implementation
Authors: Chung Jae Ho
Published: September 2017

Presupposes that, with other things (i.e., patronage networks and societal demands) being similar among different regions, the level of local discretion permitted in implementation is likely to vary with different types of policy issues - i.e., policy scope, policy nature, and the degree of urgency
Death and Mastery
Authors: Fong Benjamin Y.
Published: September 2017

In this masterful and enlivening study of the ways in which the concepts of death and mastery have been elaborated in Freudian and post-Freudian social theory, Ben Fong has given us the means to think about human nature and human community now, under conditions of advanced capitalism, without succumbing to the scientism of the new neurobiology or to the social constructivism of recent historicist social and cultural theory. The argument turns on the ambiguity embedded in the notion of mastery: on the one hand, the capacity to engage creatively with the world, to master the tasks of living a historical form of life; on the other, the temptation to enslave, to compel others to exercise this competence in one's place. Fong is able to analyze with remarkable lucidity a complex array of individual and social phenomena by fleshing out the imbrications of these twinned responses to what Freud called the drives' demand for work. Fong makes abundantly clear that drive theory and social theory are strongest when thought together.
Introduction
Authors: Fong Benjamin Y.
Published: September 2017

Offers a defense of drive theory in general, using Freud's Wolfman case to illustrate the understandings of drive, psyche, and interpretation upheld in this project, and concludes with chapter summaries.
Evolution, Play, and Sport
Authors: Schulkin Jay
Published: September 2017

Sport as a practice and cognitive event is largely action-oriented: there is thought in action, even if it is not particularly conscious thought. Habits codified in the motor regions of the brain underlie action. Muscle memory is fundamental; it is a metaphor for the organization of action. Importantly, neurotransmitters such dopamine are tied to the organization of action, salience, cognition, and, perhaps, the prediction of events. Diverse regions of the brain (e.g., the amygdala) and neuropeptides (oxytocin) are linked to social contact and play-related behaviors, and these same regions are crucial to a broad-based assessment of social context and meaning.
Regulation, Recovery, and Resilience
Authors: Schulkin Jay
Published: September 2017

Begins with emotion and sport and then describes some of the bodily regulation that figures importantly in sport and the adversity or stress that underlies sports events. Coping and adaptation are inherent across the broad array of competitive sports. Biological capabilities made this possible and sport enhance both are mental and physical capabilities. Comebacks in life and in sport are chancy things: some can do it, some can’t, and some can come back to a sport or other activity and then fail a second time. Our emotional sensibility underlies the bulk of activity in sport; our well-being and sense of positive emotion figure in our comebacks, sustaining our action and assessing of events. Emotions are active in our adaptive and survival capabilities.
Goodness and Evil
Authors: Reamer Frederic G.
Published: September 2017

Explores the nature of goodness and evil in relation to criminal conduct and inmates. The chapter includes a discussion of crime causation, case examples, and realistic parole board hearing dialogue.
Active Readers and Flexible Forms
Authors: Rosen Jeremy
Published: September 2017

Traces the recent surge in minor-character elaboration to the late 1960s and a set of active reading practices and textual acquisitiveness shared by feminist, anticolonial, poststructuralist, and postmodernist writers. It argues that early forays into the genre by writers like Jean Rhys, John Gardner, and Tom Stoppard reveal a variety of formal permutations and agendas that later writers might inherit.
Printing the Color Line in The Crisis
Authors: Harris Donal
Published: September 2017

W.E.B. Du Bois’ and Jessie Fauset’s interest in new printing technologies – multigraphs, linotypes, and halftone reproduction – are crucial for understanding the political and aesthetic missions of The Crisis. They envision the magazine as both constituting and creating an archive of a national African American intellectual community; at the same time Du Bois' essays, Fauset's fiction, and Frank Walt's illustrations thematize the technological and political roadblocks for establishing a recognizably black print culture in the 1910s and 1920s.
Health
Authors: Keohane Georgia Levenson
Published: September 2017

Looks at the range of innovations that have emerged in recent years to improve financing for global health objectives, and examines various approaches, including global levies like UNITAID and UNITLIFE; an array of market shaping initiatives like prizes and challenges and the GAVI Alliance’s advanced market commitments; a variety of innovations related to debt, including loan forgiveness and ‘debt swaps’ administered through the Global Fund, Pledge Guarantee for Health, the International Finance Facility for Immunization (IFFIm)’s vaccine bonds; and equity investments—impact investment vehicles like the Global Health Investment Fund—that blend philanthropic and commercial capital for drug research and development and other health interventions.
Financial Inclusion and Access to Capital
Authors: Keohane Georgia Levenson
Published: September 2017

Shows why access to capital and financial services are vital components of the development agenda: a way for families to climb out of poverty and for small- and medium-sized enterprises (SME) to provide goods, services, and employment in regions of the world that lack these. The chapter traces the evolution of microfinance from its nonprofit origins to a fully commercialized industry, and from a field built primary around credit to one that has begun to offer a wider variety of financial services, including savings and insurance. We use IFMR Trust, an Indian microfinance company, to illustrate these innovations.
Justifying Belief in Supernatural Causes
Authors: Shapiro Larry
Published: September 2017

What are miracles? They are events that involve a violation of natural law due to the intervention of a supernatural, typically divine, being. Because we think that such interventions are extremely rare, miracles too should be among the least frequent of events. This makes justifying beliefs about miracles especially difficult.
Conclusion
Authors: Rogers Gayle
Published: September 2017

U ses Ilan Stavans’s aestheticized Spanglish “translation” of Don Quixote to point toward a future of English/Spanish bilingual experimentation as a means of rethinking modernist aesthetics in contemporary global literatures.
Life and Immortality in the Mind of Han China
Authors: Yü Ying-shih
Published: September 2017

By tracing the development of the worldly transformation of the idea and cult of immortality, this article demonstrates that ancient Han Chinese gradually came to perceive the worlds between the living and the dead not as two mutually exclusive realms, though not exactly as identical either. Such a perception also reflects their world view of the human, Heaven and Earth as an integrative unity.
Morality and Knowledge in Zhu Xi’s Philosophical System
Authors: Yü Ying-shih
Published: September 2017

This essay shows that morality took precedence over knowledge in Zhu Xi’s philosophical system. But, it is argued, this is only true on the practical, pedagogic level, not on the general theoretical level. It is further argued that in Zhu Xi’s system, morality is never allowed to interfere directly with the operation of gewu or zhizhi, that is, the pursuit of concrete knowledge