bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
sistema político venezolano en el periodo 1999-2020: ¿persistencia o ruptura?
Authors: Alvarez Itriago Rosangel Mariela
Published: January 2022

En este artículo se examinan los cambios que han ocurrido en el Sistema Político Venezolano durante el período 1999-2020, bajo la presidencia de Hugo Chávez y de su sucesor, Nicolás Maduro, a partir del enfoque analítico propuesto por David Easton (1999), y se intenta comprender hasta dónde el socialismo del siglo XXI, proyecto político impulsado en dicho período, anclado en el liderazgo personal, la convocatoria a una amplia movilización popular y la proclamación de una nueva institucionalidad, introduce una serie de tensiones que tienden a amenazar la persistencia del sistema democrático. A partir de una investigación histórico-documental de carácter descriptivo, se concluye que la primacía del Poder Ejecutivo sobre el resto de los poderes públicos y la utilización de recursos no democráticos evidencian elementos de regresión autoritaria en el país.
Modeling and Forecasting Industrial Electricity Demand for Saudi Arabia: Uncovering Regional Characteristics
Authors: Mikayilov Jeyhun , Alyamani Ryan , Darandary Abdulelah , Javid Muhammad , Hasanov Fakhri
Published: January 2022

The objective of this study is to investigate Saudi Arabia’s industrial electricity consumption at the regional level. We apply structural time series modeling to annual data over the period of 1990 to 2019. In addition to estimating the size and significance of the price and income elasticities for regional industrial electricity demand, this study projects regional industrial electricity demand up to 2030. This is done using estimated equations and assuming different future values for price and income. The results show that the long-run income and price elasticities of industrial electricity demand vary across regions. The underlying energy demand trend analysis indicates some efficiency improvements in industrial electricity consumption patterns in all regions.
Hubungan Aktifitas Fisik Ibu Hamil Dengan Konstipasi Masa Kehamilan
Authors: Mudlikah Siti , Agustin Erda Restiya , Susila Ida
Published: January 2022

Constipation occurs in about 11-13% of pregnancies by symptoms of difficulty on defecating, lower abdominal pain and frequency of passing stools of 3 times a week, causing discomfort and anxiety for pregnant women. The study was to determine the relationship between physical activity and constipation.The research method is correlation analytic cross sectional approach. Data retrieval is from June to December 2020 at Praktik Mandiri (midwifery services) at Jatikalang Kec. Prambon, Sidoarjo. Population: All 3rd trimester pregnant women totaled 37 people in 2020, or it is called total population sample. Collecting data is by direct questionnaire on statements of light physical activity, moderate physical activity and heavy physical activity. Data analysis uses simple correlation test statistics.Research results indicate that pregnant women who experience constipation do more light activities are 13 people (100%, moderate physical activity are of 13 people (92.9%) than those who are not constipated on heavy physical activity as many as 10 people (100%), moderate physical activity being 1 person (7.1%).The results of the statistical test of the correlation between physical activity and constipation in pregnant women have positive value of 0.821, indicating very strong correlation between physical activity and constipation, significant (2-tailed) 0.00 < 0.01, the higher the physical activity of pregnant women, the higher the occurrence of constipation.Conclusions from this study; There is a strong relationship between physical activity and constipation in pregnant women, namely light physical activity and moderate physical activity less than 30 minutes at risk of constipation. Suggestions for preventing constipation can be done by doing physical activity more than 30 minutes a day, consuming high-fiber nutritional diet and drinking enough mineral water to prevent constipation in pregnancy.
ANALISIS PENURUNAN PONDASI TIANG BOR DENGAN METODE EMPIRIS DAN UJI BEBAN PADA PROYEK GEDUNG “K” UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH PURWOKERTO
Authors: Azizi Amris , Al Fathoni M. Agus Salim , Anjarwati Sulfah
Published: January 2022

Gedung “K” Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto dirancang menggunakan pondasi tiang bor dengan kedalaman ujung mencapai 16 meter. Dalam pelaksanaan pekerjaan pondasi, sering dijumpai kondisi tanah pada kedalaman yang sama mempunyai karakteristik yang berbeda. Hal ini dapat mempengaruhi ketercapaian kedalaman pondasi yang direncanakan, mempengaruhi kualitas, kapasitas dukung dan besarnya penurunan pondasi. Penelitian ini menganalisis besarnya penurunan pondasi tiang menggunakan metode statik (pendekatan teoritis) kemudian dibandingkan dengan penurunan pondasi tiang hasil uji beban metode Pile Driving Analyzer (PDA). Analisis diperlukan untuk memastikan penurunan pondasi terpasang masih dalam batas-batas yang diijinkan.Hasil analisis menunjukkan penurunan pondasi tiang dengan cara statik pada tiang BP4 dan BP6 adalah 0,25 dan 0,24 mm, jauh lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan penurunan pondasi tiang hasil uji pembebanan dilapangan, yaitu sebesar 3 mm. Penurunan pondasi tiang tunggal dengan cara statik maupun hasil uji lapangan masih dibawah batas maksimum penurunan yang diijinkan.
PENGARUH PENERAPAN METODE DISCOVERY LEARNING TERHADAP KEAKTIFAN BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATA PELAJARAN IPS KELAS VII DI MTS THAMRIN YAHYA KECAMATAN RAMBAH HILIR
Authors: Kurniati  , Rina Ari Rohmah
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ada atau tidaknya pengaruh penerapan metode discovery learning terhadap keaktifan belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran IPS kelas VII di MTs Thamrin Yahya Kecamatan Rambah Hilir. Penulis menggunakan metode penelitian eksperimen semu. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan metode pembelajaran discovery learning terhadap keaktifan belajar siswa. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari perbedaan kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol. Pada kelas eksperimen menggunakan metode discovery learning memiliki skor tertinggi 95 dan skor terendah 56 dengan nilai rata-rata 75,24. Pada kelas kontrol menggunakan metode konvensional memiliki skor tertinggi 85 dan skor terendah 59 dengan skor rata-rata 70,58. Penggunaan metode discovery learning lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan metode konvensional. Pada uji hipotesis Jika  lebih besar dari  maka diterima dan ditolak. Dari perhitungan  sebesar 1,692 dibandingkan dengan  (df  56 yaitu 0,2586 taraf signifikan  5%  jadi  >   maka  diterima dan  ditolak.
Turkish Adaptation of the Aging Anxiety Scale for Middle-Age Women: Validity and Reliability Study
Authors: AYDIN Adeviye , KABASAKAL Esma
Published: January 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to adapt the Aging Anxiety Scale for Middle-Aged Women to the Turkish culture and to evaluate its validity and reliability. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with 248 women. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed for language validity, content validity and psychometric measurements of the study. For reliability, the test-retest method was performed. Results: In exploratory factor analysis, it was determined that the total variance was described as 59.15%. The confirmatory factor analysis, the fit indices of the scale were found acceptable. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the scale was 0.89. Conclusions: The study determined that the Turkish version of the Aging Anxiety Scale for Middle-Aged Women is a valid and reliable measuring instrument.
Analisis Kepuasan Mahasiswa Prodi Manajemen Pendidikan Islam terhadap Pelayanan Akademik Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Keguruan UIN Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi
Authors: Lallo Lallo , Hakim Lukman , Nisa Istofa Dian
Published: January 2022

This study aims to analyze the satisfaction of MPI students to the academic services of FTK UIN Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi. Research using quantitative approach method with non experiment type survey method. Variables used include independent variables, namely student satisfaction levels, and dependent variables that are academic services. Data is collected through observations, documentation, and questionnaires. The results of the study found the results of calculations with product moment correlation techniques obtained rhitung 0.673 greater when compared to apostates at a significant level of 5% = 0.138 and a significant level of 1% = 0.181. So the Zero Hypothesis is rejected, meaning there is student satisfaction with academic services. While the alternative hypothesis is accepted, there is no student satisfaction with the academic services of the faculty of tarbiyah and teaching.
Leadership’s Policy in Pandemic School Era: New Student Admission, Zonation System, and Digital Problem
Authors: Samsu Samsu
Published: January 2022

This study discusses the leadership of school principals in the context of new student admissions by zonation system, and tracking digital problems in the pandemic era. This study aims to analyze how technology responds to policies related to new student admissions in the Covid-19 era. A qualitative approach is used. researcher as an active instrument. Data related to leadership policies, intake of new students, and digital problems were obtained through interviews, observations, and documentation with data flow chart analysis by Miles and Huberman. The informants are the principal, deputy principal, student affairs, administration, and school operators. The findings show that the acceptance of new students at MAN 2 Jambi City takes into account the number of teachers, and facilities according to the on-line PPDB technical instructions. The on-line 2020/2021 PPDB acceptance is intended to apply 2 channels, namely the "general route and achievement (zonation system)" connected to the databases of the ministry of social affairs, the ministry of education, and the ministry of religious affairs to avoid fraud. Research also proves that the digital problem in this madrasah does not occur. It is recommended that the on-line PPDB implementation be carried out through a zonation system.
El Fundamento moral del Derecho (sobre el positivismo jurídico, de nuevo)
Authors: Moreso Mateos José Juan
Published: January 2022

En este artículo, se analiza la cuestión de si la existencia del derecho depende necesariamente de la moralidad. La cuestión que ha enfrentado a las doctrinas del derecho natural con el positivismo jurídico. Se trata de mostrar que dicho debate esconde, al menos tres cuestiones diferentes, que requieren respuestas diversas: 1) La cuestión semántica de si las normas positivas injustas son derecho, 2) la cuestión metafísica de si la existencia del contenido del derecho está fundada en hechos morales y 3) la cuestión epistémica de si el contenido del derecho debe ser identificado sin recurrir a consideraciones morales. Se concluye que la primera cuestión es una mera disputa verbal. Se dan algunos argumentos para aceptar la tesis metafísica. Y una respuesta afirmativa a la tercera cuestión es puesta en duda analizando la doctrina de la autoridad de Joseph Raz y, también, tratando de mostrar que el hecho de que algo sea concebible no conlleva que sea metafísicamente posible.
La incorporación del concepto de antigitanismo al derecho antidiscriminatorio español
Authors: Madrid Perez Antonio
Published: January 2022

Este texto se ocupa de dos cuestiones: en primer lugar, se estudia el surgimiento, desarrollo y progresiva aceptación, no exenta de discusión, de la noción de antigitanismo en el lenguaje jurídico y político antidiscriminatorio utilizado por las instituciones europeas, así como, progresivamente, por las instituciones gubernamentales españolas. En segundo lugar, se reflexiona sobre la complejidad de la noción de antigitanismo en un intento por complementar los actuales fundamentos analíticos y explicativos que transmite.
Bir Besi Çiftliğinde Güneş Enerji Sisteminin Uygulanması ve Ekonomik Analizi
Authors: ORHAN Nuri , ŞAHİN Seda
Published: January 2022

Enerji ihtiyacının maliyetini minimum indirmek tarımsal işletmelerin kar payının arttırmasına katkı sağlayacaktır. Çiftliklerimiz enerji tüketimi fazla olan tarımsal üretim işlemlerini yerine getirebilmek için yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları olan biyoyakıt, güneş ve rüzgar enerjisinden yararlanmaktadır. Tarımsal üretimde özellikle de hayvan yetiştiriciliğinde daha kaliteli ve yüksek verime ulaşabilmek makineleşme ile orantılıdır. Makineleşmeye bağlı olarak enerji tüketimi de artış göstermektedir. Günümüzde enerji maliyetinin yükselmesi, çiftçilerimizin gelirlerinin önemli bir bölümünü elektrik faturalarına ayırmasına sebep olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, artan bu elektrik ihtiyacımızı karşılamak için Konya’da, bir hayvan çiftliğinde güneş enerjisinin uygulanabilirliği ve işletmeye ekonomik getirisinin hesaplanması amaçlanmıştır.

İşletmenin çatısına kurulan güneş enerji sisteminin üretileceği elektrik hesaplamaları iki farklı yönteme göre yapılmıştır. Güneş panellerinden anlık ölçümler ve aylık güneşlenme süreleri dikkate alınarak yapılan hesaplama ile photovoltaic geographical information system hesaplamaları karşılaştırılmıştır. Yöntemler arasında %3,7’lik bir fark bulunmuştur. İşletmenin çatısına kurulan güneş enerji sisteminin toplam maliyet 1.884.600 TL hesaplanmıştır. İşletmenin aylık elektriksel yükü 35.746 kWh olarak belirlenmiştir. İşletmenin aylık ortalama olarak elektrik tüketimi 27.881 TL, yıllık ise 334.582 TL hesaplanmıştır. Güneş enerji sisteminin aylık elektrik üretim miktarı 21.280 TL, yıllık ise 255.368 TL’dir. Sistemin kendini amorti etme süresi yaklaşık 7,2 yıl hesaplanmıştır. Güneş enerji sisteminin yaklaşık 25 yıl ömrü olduğunu hesaba katarsak geriye kalan 17,8 yıl sonunda işletmenin maliyetlerinde yaklaşık olarak 4,5 milyon TL azalmanın olacağı tahmin edilmektedir. Ayrıca işletmenin güneş enerji sistemi ile temiz enerji üretimi sayesinde, yıllık elektrik tüketim değerine eşdeğer 670.340 kg CO2 salınımı engellenmiş olacaktır. Bu işletme için güneş enerji sisteminin ekonomik bir yatırım olmasının yanı sıra elektrik üretimi bakımından CO2 salınımına sebep olmaması büyük bir avantajdır.
Damızlık Sığır Yetiştiricileri Birliği Faaliyetlerinin Değerlendirilmesi: Van İli Örneği
Authors: TERİN Mustafa , CEYLAN Melike , ÇİFTÇİ Kenan , YILDIRIM İbrahim
Published: January 2022

Tarımsal üretimi arttırmanın, kaliteli ürün elde etmenin, piyasada rekabet edebilmenin ve tarım ile uğraşanların yaşam düzeylerini yükseltmenin en önemli araçlarından biri de üreticilerin etkin bir biçimde örgütlenmesidir. Türkiye’de büyükbaş hayvancılık konusunda en aktif ve etkin birlikler arasında Damızlık Sığır Yetiştiricileri Birlikleri (DSYB) gelmektedir. DSYB’ler üyelerine, işletmelerin plakalandırılması, yeni doğam buzağıların küpelenmesi, aylık süt verim kayıtları ve süt ölçüm denetimleri, sürü hareket kayıtları, suni tohumlama hizmetleri, girdi temini, damızlık hayvan temini ve satışı ile yetiştirme ve beslenme konularında danışmanlık olmak üzere birçok konuda hizmet vermektedir. Bu çalışmada Van DSYB’nin yetiştiricilerine sağladığı hizmetlerin, yetiştiriciler tarafından nasıl değerlendirildiği, verilen hizmetlerden yetiştiricilerin memnun olup olmadığı ve birlikten beklentileri analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın ana materyalini oransal örnekleme yöntemiyle belirlenen 89 işletmeden elde edilen anket verileri oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada üreticiler, DSYB’ne üye olma sürelerine göre üç gruba ayrılmıştır. Üyelik süresi 1-5 yıl olan işletmeler birinci grubu (%41.6), üyelik süresi 6-10 yıl olan işletmeler ikinci grubu (%36.0) ve üyelik süresi 10 yıl ve üzeri işletmeler üçüncü grubu (%22.4) oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada çizelgeler gruplara göre oluşturulmuş ve analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmada; üreticilerin DSYB’ne üye olmalarını sağlayan en etkili faktörlerin sırasıyla hayvanlarının soy kütüğü kayıtlarının tutulması ve hayvancılık desteklerinden daha fazla faydalanmak olduğu, üreticilerin %68.54’ünün beklentilerinin karşılanmadığı ve üreticilerin %76.40’ının Birliği başarısız bulduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak; DSYB’nin yaptığı faaliyetlerin önemli bir kısmının üreticiler tarafından yeterli görülmediği söylenebilir. Birliğin üreticilerle daha fazla iletişim halinde olması ve üreticilerin sorunlarına yönelik daha fazla çalışma içerisinde olması ile üreticilerin Birlikten beklentilerinin ve memnuniyetlerinin artması sağlanabilir.
CREATOR OF MODERN SELECTION PROGRESS IN LIVESTOCK OF UKRAINE
Authors: Krugliak O. V. , Krugliak T. O.
Published: January 2022

The purpose of the article is to highlight the main milestones of the scientific achievements of the famous scientist in the field of animal husbandry, candidate of biological sciences A. P. Krugliak and his contribution to the development of research in biology and selection of farm animals. Research methods - general scientific (analysis, bibliographic), retrospective and source studies.

The scientific novelty of the article lies in the presentation of the results of the main scientific works of A. P. Krugliak, which contributed to the development of the theory of biology of reproduction and selection of animals, and their practical application. Among them: -improvement of methods of biotechnology of reproduction of farm animals at the stage of introduction of deep freezing of sperm; -development of methods of creation of domestic specialized dairy breeds of cattle by use of the best world gene pool; -development of methods for effective use of bulls-improvers; -breeding and prospects for improvement of the Ukrainian red-spotted dairy breed of cattle; -development of methods for preserving the gene pool of local and small domestic breeds of farm animals.

The researcher developed the theory of the mode of use of bulls, developed a method of their effective use, established the minimum allowable criteria for the evaluation of frozen sperm and a method of two-stage thawing. At the initiative and direct leadership of A. P. Kruglyak at the Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics named after M.V.Zubets NAAS created a state gene pool sperm embryo bank, the operation of which provided accelerated breeding of a number of specialized dairy and beef cattle in Ukraine, and the preservation of the gene local grey Ukrainian and white-headed Ukrainian breeds.

It is proved that thanks to the creative initiatives of AP Kruglyak laid the foundations for the accelerated formation of breed and genealogical structure, and further improvement of the Ukrainian red-spotted dairy breed, the method of breeding animals along short lines is substantiated. The milk yield of cows for 305 days of the last lactation was 7174 kg and in the best herds – 10.0–11.0 thousand kg. With the direct participation of AP Kruglyak, the work of the best in Europe breeding and technological centre in cattle breeding was built and organized, the functioning of which significantly influenced the improvement of dairy breeds of cattle.
Inovasi Pelayanan Publik Berbasis Digital (E-Government) di Era Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Tasyah Amelia , Lestari Puji Ayu , Syofira Anada , Rahmayani Cintania Ade , Cahyani Rizka Dwi , Tresiana Novita
Published: January 2022

Tujuan dari penelitian ini sendiri adalah untuk mengetahui inovasi dari pelayanan publik yang berbasis digital (e-government) di era pandemi covid-19 dalam mengatasi keterbatasan layanan publik yang bertatap muka langsung agar menghindari penyebaran Covid-19. Selain itu, apa saja hambatan yang ada dalam penerapan e-government dalam masa pandemi ini. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode penelitian kepustakaan (library research). Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan data melalui teknik dokumentasi dan penelusuran data secara online, serta dengan penggunaan teknik analisis isi. Berdasarkan hasil penelusuran yang dilakukan, penulis menemukan bahwa penggunaan electronic government masih membutuhkan pemantapan serta pematangan dalam hal kualitas pelayanan seperti efisiensi (efficiency), kepercayaan (trust), reliabilitas (reliability), maupun dukungan masyarakat (citizen support). Hambatan pelaksanaan pelayanan publik berbasis digital masih belum dapat dihindari, dikarenakan e-government di Indonesia yang masih berkutat dengan masalah teknis. Implikasi dari penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pertimbangan dan masukan bagi pemerintah untuk meningkatkan kualitas dan inovasi pelayanan publik yang berbasis digital.  Ciri khusus penelitian ini ialah peneliti menggunakan topik e-government di Indonesia yang dijalankan semasa pandemi Covid-19 dan juga menggunakan beberapa website resmi pemerintah sebagai contoh dalam pembahasan penelitian.
Detecting the coral bleaching at the coral reefs of Son Tra peninsula and Cu Lao Cham Island in the South central coast region of Vietnam
Authors: Duong Duong Cong Vinh
Published: January 2022

Coral bleaching events are of concern globally because of their adverse effect on the coral reef ecosystem. However, there is a lack of observed bleaching in many coral reefs in Vietnam, leading to difficulty in implementing the suitable management and protection solutions. The study aims to provide general information about coral bleaching in ST and CLC basing on bleaching alerts of NOAA Coral Reef Watch in 2019. Field data was collected by a photographic method for analyzing and classifying bleached coral. The results showed that coral reefs experienced low bleaching by an average of 8.86% and 9.09% in ST and CLC, respectively. In addition, the study broadly identified the relationship of sea surface temperature and Degree Heating Weeks to coral bleaching in the study area.
Ownership complexity and loan quality: Evidence for listed commercial banks in Vietnam
Authors: Phan Phan Hoang Long
Published: January 2022

This paper examines the relationship among aspects of bank ownership complexity, including ownership dispersion and type, and the quality of bank loan portfolio. The data used for analysis is an unbalanced panel consisting of 13 listed commercial banks in Vietnam for the period of 2010 - 2019. The non-performing loan (NPL) ratio is used as an indicator of loan quality. The results showed that ownership dispersion, calculation based on the Herfindahl–Hirschman Index of large shareholding, improves the loan quality. Foreign ownership is also found to have positive impact on the loan quality. However, there is no relationship established between government ownership and loan quality.
Chronic pancreatitis and the intestinal microbiome in adults and children: Not only SIBO but also gut dysbiosis has clinical significance
Authors: Sitkin S. I. , Pervunina T. M.
Published: January 2022

Chronic pancreatitis is accompanied by both small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. The most typical changes in the gut microbiota in chronic pancreatitis are a decrease in microbial diversity, an increase in the abundance of Proteobacteria, a decrease in the abundance of Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes, especially butyrate-producing bacteria such as Faecalibacterium, a significant association with infectious pathways (KEGG analysis]), concomitant metabolic disorders (diabetes mellitus) and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Changes in the gut microbiota in children with chronic pancreatitis are like those in adults and are characterized by a decrease in α-diversity and the loss of shortchain fatty acid producers: butyrate-producing Faecalibacterium, Subdoligranulum, and Eubacterium, propionate-producing Phascolarctobacterium, acetate- and lactate-producing Collinsella, and probiotic Bifidobacterium. Dysbiotic changes in the gut microbiome, including a decrease in the abundance of commensal symbionts, are significantly associated with the severity of chronic pancreatitis. The most important factor influencing the intestinal microbiota is the pancreatic exocrine function, a decrease which leads to a switch from enterotype 1 (Bacteroides predominance) to enterotype 2 (Prevotella predominance) and a decrease in phylogenetic diversity (α-diversity index). Modulation of the dysbiotic gut microbiota can be carried out with probiotics, prebiotics, bacterial metabolites such as butyrate, pancreatic enzymes and should become a full-fledged therapeutic option in patients with chronic pancreatitis.
Diagnostics of the Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth Syndrome
Authors: Plavnik R. G. , Tivanova E. V. , Nevmerzhitskiy V. I. , Plavnik T. E. , Gubaydulina L. I. , Kalashnikova M. A. , Eletskaja A. O. , Jastrebova E. V. , Batyukhno T. A.
Published: January 2022

The Small Intestine Bacterial Overgrowth syndrome ( SIBO) is a widespread pathology both independently and in combination with other diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, therefore, its timely and accurate diagnosis remains a very urgent task.

Aim. Purpose of the study: comparative assessment of the diagnostic information content of two methods for diagnosing SIBO—hydrogen-methane breath test (HMBT) and stool analysis for short-chain fatty acids (SCFA).

Material and Methods: 65 patients aged from 18 to 76 years were examined. 40 made up the main group, with clinical symptoms of SIBO, and 25—the control group. All patients underwent HMBT with the «SIBRTEST» test kit and stool analysis for SCFA. For both tests, diagnostic sensitivity, specifi city, and accuracy were calculated and comparatively evaluated.

Results: HMBT showed sensitivity 90.24%, specifi city 95.83%, accuracy 92.3%. The analysis of feces for SCFA showed, respectively, a sensitivity of 90.24%, a specifi city of 50.0% and an accuracy of 75.38%.

Conclusion: HMBT with the SIBRTEST test kit can be recommended in the diagnosis of SIBO. The SCFA test should be treated with caution due to the high probability of false positive results.
State of enteral parallel microbiota in chronic duodenal insuffi ciency
Authors: Vakhrushev Y. M. , Busygina M. S.
Published: January 2022

Objective. To study the state of the enteral parietal microbiota and to assess the conjugacy of its changes with motor-evacuation disorder of the gastrointestinal tract (gastrointestinal tract) in chronic duodenal insufficiency.

Materials and methods. The study included 40 patients with chronic duodenal insufficiency (CDN). Of these, 21 (52.5%) were women, 19 (47.5%) were men, the average age was 37.1± 13.8 years. CDN was diagnosed using anamnestic and physical data, X-ray and endoscopic examinations, intracavitary manometry. Enzyme immunoassay determined vitamin B12, 25-OH Vitamin D, transferrin. The study of the motor function of the gastrointestinal tract was carried out using the gastroenteromonitor “Gastroscan-GEM”. The method of gas chromatography with mass spectrometry was used to study the enteral wall microbiota.

The results of the study. The blood showed a decrease in fat-soluble vitamins B12 and 25-OH vitamin D in relation to control. There was a decrease in the transferrin saturation coefficient (13.2%) compared to the control group (34.7%, p=0.04). Gastroenteromonitoring on the device “Gastroscan-GEM” showed a decrease in the coefficients of rhythmicity in the stomach and DPC in the fasting and postprandial periods. Chromass spectrometric analysis of resident microflora in patients with CDN revealed a significant decrease in Lactobacillus spp 1245.3± 0.21 cl/g x 10^3 and Bifidobacterium spp 1453.2± 0.18cl/g x 10^3 against the background of pronounced growth of bacteria of the genus Clostridium, Eggerthella lenta 412.3± 0.84cl/g x 10^3, Propionibacterium acnes 58.6± 0.32cl /g x 10^3, Propionibacterium freudenreichii 2388.7± 0.62 cl/g x 10^3, Propionibacterium jenseni 146.6±0.32 cl/g x 10^3, Staphylococcus spp 658.4± 0.28 cl/g x 10^3, Streptococcus mutans (anaerobic) 494.3±0.74 cl/g x 10^3, Streptomyces spp. 305.3±0.26 cl/g x 10^3. It was shown that the increased growth of pathogenic microflora was associated with a violation of the rhythm of duodenal motility.

Conclusion. In patients with chronic duodenal insufficiency, a pronounced growth of parietal pathogenic microflora was detected, depending on the state of motor activity of the duodenum.
Organisations which influenced the perception of Soviet culture in Czechoslovakia in the 1930s
Authors:   Philosophic Faculty of the Charles University, Hausenblasová Anna
Published: January 2022

In the 1930s, there were several changes in contacts between the Czechoslovak Republic and the Soviet Union. Russian emigration no longer had such a strong influence on the opinions of Czechoslovak society. On the other hand, the influence of the so-called left intelligentsia (inclined to the Soviet Union) was increasing under the growing threat of aggression from Nazi Germany. In 1935, Czechoslovakia officially recognized the existence of the Soviet Union; in terms of mutual relations, it represented a huge step. Several agreements were concluded, illegal and semi-legal contacts and connections became legal, and frequently they were further developed directly under the patronage of government representatives. The contacts between the Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia were not of exclusively political character: there were intensive contacts between the two states in the cultural sphere. Several organizations helped to maintain cultural relations, some of which were founded directly with the aim of establishing and developing contacts and cultural cooperation with the USSR, while others were supported these activities indirectly; the purpose of their work was to present the cultural development of other states, including that of the USSR, to the Czechoslovak public. Many of these organizations also hosted cultural and discussion evenings exhibitions, concerts, and lectures to inform the public of news from the Soviet Union. This article presents an analysis of the activities of the Society for Economic and Cultural Relations with the USSR, the Union of Friends of the USSR, “Left Front”, “Artistic Talk”, and the Painters’ Association “Manes” in the context of the political and historical situation of the 1930s in Czechoslovakia. The development of these relations was interrupted by the Munich events and the subsequent proclamation of the protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia.
The Hungarian Community of Transylvania in Its Relations With the Romanian Communist Authorities From the 1950s to the 1980s
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies of the RAS, Stykalin Alexander S.
Published: January 2022

The historical experience of Hungarian-Romanian relations in previous eras affected the relations of the Hungarian national minority of Transylvania with the Romanian communist authorities from the 1950s to the 1980s. The concept of Romania as a unitary national state excluded the idea of Hungarian territorial autonomy even within its narrowest borders; Transylvanian Hungarians were declared an integral part of the Romanian political nation. This caused growing resistance from the consolidated Hungarian minority with a highly developed national identity and with the intelligentsia, which perceived itself as the guardian of the 1000-year-old Hungarian state and cultural traditions in Transylvania. The reaction of the Transylvanian Hungarian intelligentsia to the growing Romanian nationalist challenge changed as the Ceauşescu regime evolved, giving rise to different behavioral strategies. In the late 1960s, when Romania’s independent policy was internationally recognised the dominant attitude was to influence the situation through dialogue with the authorities. Later, from the end of the 1970s, the participation of Transylvanian Hungarians in the Romanian dissident movement intensified. The policy of the K.d.r regime concerning the Hungarians in Romania also changed depending on the state of Hungary–Romania relations.
Vlastimil Tusar’s Governments and the German Problem in Czechoslovakia (July, 1919 — September, 1920)
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies of the RAS, Stankov Nikolai N.
Published: January 2022

The author of this article deals the with problem of the German minority in the Czechoslovak Republic using archival and published documents and investigates the policy of Vlastimil Tusar’s two governments (the first from July 8, 1919 to May 25, 1920, and the second from May 25 till September 15, 1920). The author pays special attention to Tusar’s personal efforts in settling the German Bohemians’ problem, and to his negotiations with the leaders of German political parties, primarily with the German social democratic workers’ party in Czechoslovakia, and his efforts to reach agreements with them. The author shows the foreign and domestic political reasons that blocked the success of these negotiations. The most important of the latter were the disagreements between the Czechoslovak ruling circles and German political leaders (including social democrats) over the questions of the settlement of the Czechoslovak Republic. While the Czech politicians were trying to create “a national state”, the German leaders demanded the formation of “a state of nationalities”. The latter insisted on dividing the state on the basis of national belonging and its formation following the model of the Swiss confederation. In addition, the German-Bohemian parties demanded changes to Czechoslovak foreign policy: they were against a unilateral orientation to France and participation in any coalitions, and they were for the establishment of friendly relations with all states including Germany and Austria. It was difficult to reach a mutual understanding because the Czechoslovak political elite refused to agree that German political parties could participate in the elaboration of the constitution and other basic laws of the Republic. The author of the article considers the 1920 parliamentary elections that took place after the passing of the constitution of Czechoslovak Republic, the activity of the German political clubs in the National Assembly of Czechoslovakia, the foundation of the German parliamentary union, and the attitude of the German-Bohemian political parties to the second Tusar government. The article also deals with the relations between the Czech and German Social Democrats, perspectives on the participation of Germans in the Tusar governments, and the reasons for the resignation of the latter in September 1920. According to the author, “the Red–Green Coalition” headed by Tusar was not able to achieve international reconciliation and corroboration because there were widespread prejudices between Czechs and Germans, which were made full use of by nationalists from both sides in the course of the political fight.
Teachers’ Reading Comprehension and Use of Reading Strategies Levels: A Study on the Secondary School Teachers
Authors: Kanmaz Ahmet
Published: January 2022

As highlighted by international assessments, the reading comprehension levels of Turkish students are far from the desired level. In this sense, the competencies of teachers who play a vital role in promoting students' reading comprehension skills are of high importance. The expectation that teachers who have a long educational life will have a high level of reading comprehension skills is the central starting point for this study. Identifying the level of reading comprehension of teachers is crucially important in terms of revealing competency levels of teachers. In this study, a descriptive screening model, one of the quantitative research methods, was employed to identify teachers’ levels of reading comprehension and use of reading strategies. The universe of the research consists of teachers working in secondary schools in Denizli province. Stratified sampling, which is based on probability sampling, was used for the selection of the sample. The sample included a total of 418 teachers. The research findings indicate that the teachers' reading comprehension and use of reading strategies levels differ by the branch variable, and Turkish teachers exhibit better reading comprehension than other teachers since it is their field of study. In addition to that, it is seen that there is a positive and significant relationship between the level of use of reading strategies and the level of reading comprehension. Therefore, it is thought that an effective instruction of reading strategies will enable teachers of other branches to yield better performance.
Policy Responsiveness in Developing Democracies: Evidence from Latin America
Authors: Rojas Daniel
Published: January 2022

The literature on government responsiveness to public preferences has tended to treat responsiveness as a unitary phenomenon, asking whether or to what degree governments respond. In this paper, I argue that government responsiveness is likely to be unevenly distributed geographically. First, government responsiveness is absent in places controlled by non-state actors. Second, responsiveness decreases with voters' abstention. I provide empirical support for my arguments using administrative data from over 1,000 municipalities and more than four million administrative records of a CCT program in Colombia. I also examine responsiveness at the country level. I show that, in Latin American countries where the electorate is at the left side of the government's ideological position, governments redistribute more. My findings on unequal responsiveness have implications for subnational socioeconomic inequalities.
Parent and child mental health during COVID-19 in Australia: The role of pet attachment
Authors: Bennetts Shannon
Published: January 2022

Restrictions, social isolation, and uncertainty related to the global COVID-19 pandemic have disrupted the ways that parents and children maintain family routines, health, and wellbeing. Companion animals (pets) can be a critical source of comfort during traumatic experiences, although changes to family routines, such as those caused by COVID-19, can also bring about challenges like managing undesirable pet behaviours or pet-human interactions. We aimed to examine the relationship between pet attachment and mental health for both parents and their children during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia. A total of 1,034 parents living with a child under 18 years and a cat or dog completed an online cross-sectional survey. Path analysis using multivariate linear regression was conducted to examine associations between objective COVID-19 impacts, subjective worry about COVID-19, human-pet attachment, and mental health. After adjusting for core demographic factors, stronger pet-child attachment was associated with greater child anxiety (parent-reported, p<.001). Parent-pet attachment was not associated with self-reported psychological distress (p=.42), however, parents who reported a strong emotional closeness with their pet reported greater psychological distress (p=.002). Findings highlight the role of pets during times of change and uncertainty. It is possible that families are turning to animals as a source of comfort, during a time when traditional social supports are less accessible. Alternatively, strong pet attachment is likely to reflect high levels of empathy, which might increase vulnerability to psychological distress. Longitudinal evidence is required to delineate the mechanisms underpinning pet attachment and mental health.
Disentangling interacting psychological processes: A model-based approach to cognitive aging.
Authors: Heathcote Andrew , Garton Roderick , Hinder Mark R. , Reynolds Angus , Tanis Charlotte Coosje , Matzke Dora
Published: January 2022

We propose a new cognitive-modelling methodology that disentangles the non-linear interactions among psychological mechanisms underpinning behaviour in a complex task. We apply the approach to the domain of cognitive aging and show that it affords simultaneous measures of the major mechanisms proposed to explain age-related deficits: capacity limits, processing speed, inhibition, and executive function. The measures’ validities derive from the precisely specified roles of the model parameters and the model’s comprehensive, detailed, and accurate account of the behaviour of our healthy older and younger participants. Because it derives constraint from all aspects of participant’s behaviour, the analysis is powerful enough to provide clear results from a relatively small sample of participants who provide high quality data. When controlling for all other factors, we identify processing speed as the primary cause of age-related deficits. Executive control was better for older than younger participants when task demands were lower, but as demands increased this advantage reduced or disappeared, consistent with age-related capacity limitations. We conclude that such detailed cognitive models have the potential to be widely applied to provide an integrated, quantitative, and conceptually rich account of the many interacting psychological mechanisms that support behaviour in complex tasks.
Is less more? Dismantling imaginal retraining and examining the effects of psychoeducation and embodied cognition on craving and alcohol consumption in problem drinkers. A randomized controlled trial.
Authors: Wirtz Janina , Moritz Steffen , Gehlenborg Josefine , Ascone Leonie , Kühn Simone
Published: January 2022

Background and AimsImaginal retraining is effective in reducing alcohol craving in problem drinkers. This study aims to segregate the three main components of the original technique and compare their effectiveness in reducing craving and alcohol consumption. DesignThe trial consisted of three experimental conditions and one waiting list control group [WLC]. Data was collected at baseline, after four and eight weeks. SettingThe anonymous study was conducted online and implemented at the University Clinic Hamburg.ParticipantsA total of 210 participants wishing to limit their alcohol intake were randomly allocated to one of the three intervention groups or the WLC.InterventionsThe interventions consisted of 1) [PE] psycho-educative component, 2) [AAT0] a simplified imaginal retraining containing the arm movement and 3) [AAT+] an ‘enriched’ imaginal retraining containing emotion induction and embodied cognition. MeasurementsUnivariate analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis tests and paired t-tests were computed to test the effects of the interventions on the difference scores of the main outcome variable craving and the secondary outcome variable alcohol consumption.FindingsBoth AAT0 (p < .001) and AAT+ (p = .007) were effective in reducing craving after one month of active training, however only AAT0 was superior in its effectiveness relative to PE (p = .005) and WLC (p = .012). Whilst AAT0 showed reductions in drinking amount relative to PE and WLC from baseline to after one month of training (Bonferroni adjusted; PE, p = .084 and WLC, p = .073), AAT+ yielded only small effects that did not statistically differ from PE and WLC (p > .10). ConclusionThis study demonstrates that a simplified version of the imaginal retraining technique renders superior results in craving and alcohol reduction. Thus, the components of emotion induction and embodied cognition may be dispensable and the ‘original’ imaginal retraining protocol should be adjusted accordingly.
The potential processing of rice husk waste as an alternative media for ornamental plants
Authors: Asfar Andi Muhamad Iqbal Akbar , Asfar Andi Muhamad Irfan Taufan , Thaha Sharma , Kurnia Ady , Syaifullah Adji
Published: January 2022

The problem of rice husk waste as a result of rice processing is a major problem in Sanrego Village, especially in the Pada Elo' Farmer Group. The accumulation of rice husk waste while the land area to accommodate a lot of rice husk waste during the harvest season forced the farmer groups to burn it. However, another problem that arises is the emergence of air pollution and the results of burning rice husk waste are useless because they are not used properly. Therefore, this community service will process the potential of rice husk waste into husk charcoal by providing information, knowledge, and skills on how to process rice husk waste into rice husk charcoal which can be used as an alternative media for ornamental plants which are currently the prima donna. The implementation method consists of three stages, namely Tudang Sipulung, Mario-rio, and Mappesabbi which are taken from the Bugis tradition of having a philosophy of working together, thus directing farmer groups to participate and be fully involved (participatory by doing). The results obtained by the average partner member experienced an 82,5% increase in information and knowledge aspects as well as skills and were able to grow their entrepreneurial spirit, especially processing rice husk waste.
Factors affecting the profitability of Nepalese insurance companies
Authors: Sah Laxmi Kumar , Magar Manisha Rana
Published: January 2022

This study examines the factors affecting profitability in the context of Nepalese insurance companies. Return on assets and return on equity are selected as the dependent variables. The selected independent variables are liquidity, tangibility, premium growth, firm age and firm size. The study is based on secondary data of 21 insurance companies with 168 observations for the period from 2011/12 to 2018/19. The data is collected from the reports published by Beema Samiti and Annual Reports of selected insurance companies. The regression models are estimated to test the factor affecting the profitability of Nepalese insurance companies.

The study showed that firm size has a positive impact on return on assets and return on equity. It indicates that larger firm size leads to increase in return on assets and return on equity. Likewise, premium growth has a positive impact on return on assets and return on equity. It indicates that higher the premium growth, higher would be the return on assets and return on equity. Moreover, firm age has a positive impact on return on assets. It indicates that an increase in firm age leads to increase in return on assets and return on equity. Moreover, assets tangibility has a positive impact on return of assets and return on equity. It means that higher the assets tangibility, the higher would be the return of assets and return on equity. Likewise, there is a negative impact of liquidity ratio on return on assets and return on equity. It means that an increase in liquidity ratio leads to decrease in return on assets and return on equity.
Financial performance of Nepalese insurance companies
Authors: Pradhan Sumit , Dahal Poshan
Published: January 2022

This study examines the financial performance of Nepalese insurance companies. The dependent variables are return on assets and earnings per share while independent variables include insurance premium, firm size, current ratio and solvency ratio. Twenty-one insurance companies among them 8 are life insurance and 13 are non-life insurance companies with 105 observations for the period of 2070/71 to 2074/75, were selected for this study. The data were collected from insurance and financial statistics published by Beema Samiti and annual reports of the selected Nepalese insurance companies. The correlation coefficient and regression models were estimated to test the significance and importance of liquidity management on financial performance of Nepalese insurance companies.

The results shows that insurance premium has positive impact on return on assets and earning per share. It means that increase in insurance premium leads to increase in return on assets and earnings per share. Likewise, firm size has positive impact on return on assets and earning per share. It indicates that increase in firm size leads to increase return on assets and earnings per share. Similarly, current ratio has negative impact on return on assets. It means that increase in current ratio leads to decrease in return on assets. Likewise, solvency ratio has negative impact on return on assets. It indicates that increase in solvency ratio leads to decrease in return on assets. Similarly, current ratio have positive impact on return on assets. It means that increase in current ratio leads to increase in earnings per share. Likewise, solvency ratio has positive impact on earnings per share. It indicates that higher solvency ratio, higher would be the earnings per share. The study also concludes that insurance premium followed by current ratio and firm size is the most influencing factor that explains liquidity management and financial performance of Nepalese insurance companies.