bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementação de testes rápidos na realização do exame citopatológico em uma estratégia de saúde da família no município de Aracaju em tempos de pandemia: um relato de experiência
Authors: Pereira Beatriz Santos , Oliveira Cris Magna dos Santos , Peixoto Marcus Valerius da Silva
Published: February 2022

Introdução: A pandemia trouxe diversas mudanças para o mundo. No município de Aracaju (SE), essa situação não foi diferente, o que levou à suspensão de algumas atividades nas unidades de saúde, a exemplo da realização dos testes rápidos para vírus da imunodeficiência humana, sífilis, hepatite B e C, tornando ainda mais difícil diagnosticar uma infecção sexualmente transmissível. Um dos exames que não foi suspenso em meio ao caos foi a realização da citopatologia oncótica, realizada pelo enfermeiro em mulheres com vida sexual ativa. Objetivo: Relatar a implementação dos testes rápidos durante a triagem para o exame citopatológico no momento de pandemia. Métodos: Trata-se de um relato de experiência realizado por uma enfermeira residente em saúde da família que realizou 240 testes rápidos em 60 mulheres com idades entre 14 a 70 anos durante o segundo semestre de 2020 que aguardavam o procedimento citopatológico. Resultados: Foi possível identificar oito (13,33%) usuárias assintomáticas para sífilis, sendo realizada, em todas após resultado do teste, investigação por meio do Estudo Laboratorial de Doenças Venéreas, FTA-ABS IgM e FTA-ABS IgG, excluindo os diagnósticos falso-positivos. Após resultados dos exames, todas foram tratadas e acompanhadas pelas mídias sociais para a resolução de possíveis dúvidas, convocação para tratamento adequado e busca ativa dos parceiros. Durante a triagem também foi possível realizar educação em saúde, identificar os riscos, sanar dúvidas, notificar os casos suspeitos, além de distribuir preservativos e incentivar seu uso. Mediante essa experiênci,a foi possível observar a dificuldade para conseguir os testes rápidos no município, o que pode contribuir para o avanço da doença. Conclusão: É importante também enfatizar a potencialidade da estratégia de saúde da família, principalmente durante a realização dos testes em diversos momentos oportunos, o que leva a identificar e tratar várias infecções de modo precoce, evitando, assim, a disseminação e o avanço da infecção.
Análise da internação de usuários de drogas que vivem com vírus da imunodeficiência humana
Authors: Maia Jéssica Karen de Oliveira , Oliveira Reângela Cíntia Rodrigues , Mota Nikaelly Pinheiro , Queiroz Maisa Leitão de , Mota Eduardo Rodrigues , Galvão Marli Teresinha Gimeniz
Published: February 2022

Introdução: O consumo de álcool e outras drogas entre usuários de drogas ilícitas aumenta a suscetibilidade da aquisição do vírus da imunodeficiência humana e de outras infecções sexualmente transmissíveis por conta das situações de vulnerabilidade a que esses indivíduos estão expostos, como nos compartilhamentos de seringas para uso de drogas injetáveis e em relações sexuais desprotegidas. Tais situações implicam em hospitalização ao longo do curso das infecções. Objetivo: Analisar os casos de internações de usuários de drogas que vivem com vírus da imunodeficiência humana. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado mediante dados secundários obtidos de prontuários de um serviço público de saúde de referência para doenças infecciosas no estado do Ceará, Brasil. Dados de prontuários foram captados de novembro de 2019 a janeiro de 2020 (três meses) de adultos com vírus da imunodeficiência humana e usuários de drogas, buscando- -se explorar informações sociodemográficas e clínicas, as quais foram analisadas pelo software R. Resultados: Obtiveram-se informações de 81 indivíduos positivos para o vírus da imunodeficiência humana e usuários de droga, sendo 69,1% homens, > 30 anos (58,0%), negros (93,8%), usuários de crack (39,5%), álcool (29,6%) e cigarro (23,4%). Com diagnóstico de vírus da imunodeficiência humana de 13 a 60 meses (35,8%), os parâmetros laboratoriais de LTCD4 eram < 200 células (12,3%) e carga viral detectável (41,9%), com histórico de reinternação hospitalar (22,2%) e com três ou mais vezes no último ano (13,5%) e alta hospitalar a pedido (7,4%). Nesses indivíduos ainda havia coinfecções: histoplasmose (18,5%), tuberculose (19,5%) e mortalidade (44,4%), principalmente por sepse (13,5%). Conclusão: Usuários de drogas com vírus da imunodeficiência humana têm ampliado comorbidades e óbitos, demonstrando necessidade de prevenção e ações de gerenciamento para acolhimento, tratamento e redução de danos nos serviços de saúde e social. Tais medidas de intervenções precoces favorecem a redução do acesso a drogas e ao vírus da imunodeficiência humana. O arcabouço de vulnerabilidades que esses indivíduos possuem implicam em custos para a vida humana e de serviços públicos de saúde e social. Urgem políticas integradas para ações e redução de danos e outras doenças na população em geral.
On the Link between House Prices and House Permits: Asymmetric Evidence from 51
States of the United States of America
Authors:   The University of
            Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Bahmani-Oskooee Mohsen , Ghodsi Hesam ,   Charles Schwab & Co.
            Inc., Hadzict Muris ,   Lake Forest
            College
Published: February 2022

Increased issuance of housing permits is said to move house prices in either
direction. If perceived as an indication of a growing housing supply, house prices are
expected to decline (supply hypothesis). However, a larger number of housing permits can
also reflect positive expectations about future housing demand which would drive house
prices upwards (demand hypothesis). We test these two competing hypotheses by using data
from each state in the United States. We estimate linear and non-linear models to test
if housing permit issuance determines house prices. The results show support for both
the supply and demand hypotheses in the short run for most states but only for the
demand hypothesis in the long run. We also uncover asymmetric short run and long-run
effects in 21 states
The Factors Affecting the Market Value/Book Value and Profitability of REITs in
Turkey
Authors:   Cankiri Karatekin
            University, Tekin Bilgehan
Published: February 2022

Increasing income level and the desire to live a more comfortable life in
countries with an increasing population are constantly driving the demand for real
estate. Real estate investment trusts (REITs) are capital market institutions that can
invest in real estate, real estate-based capital market instruments, real estate
projects, real estate-based rights and capital market instruments. In addition, they
establish partnerships to realize specific projects, engage in other permitted
activities, and are organized by the Capital Market Law in Turkey. In this study, the
fixed effects panel data regression model is used to determine the financial indicators
that affect the market value and profitability of the Turkey REITs that are traded in
the Borsa İstanbul REITs Index. The study covers 21 REIT companies. The data set is in
the period between 2010:Q1 to 2019:Q4 in the analyses. The results show that return on
assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE), asset turnover, leverage, equity multiplier and
current asset turnover are effective on the market to book ratio (MBR). The ratios that
affect the ROA are MBR, ROE, acid-test, leverage, equity multiplier, EBITDA/sales and
current asset turnover. Moreover, the ratios that affect the ROE are the ROA, MBR,
acid-test, asset turnover, leverage, and equity multiplier.
Evaluating Different Housing Prices: Marketing and Financial Distortions
Authors:   Universitat Pompeu
            Fabra, Raya Josep Maria
Published: February 2022

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the importance of housing price. We compare
the evolution of three different types of housing prices (list, sale and appraisal
prices). The objective is to see the marketing and financial consequences of using each
type of housing price. To do this, a dataset of a real estate company and its financial
intermediary with all of these types of housing prices is used. We estimate econometric
models in which the dependent variables are: price (appraisal, selling or list),
mark-up, loan to value and foreclosures. The results show evidence of the consequences
of using a specific housing price in terms of inflation calculation, financial assets,
and collateral valuation and mortgage default, among others.
European Mortgage Markets Versus Institutions
Authors:   Ankara University, Akçay S. Belgin , Güler Begüm Şeren ,   Ministry of Foreign Affair,
            Ankara, Turkey
Published: February 2022

This study aims to measure the institutional features of residential mortgage
markets in the European Union (EU) countries. The institutional features of the mortgage
markets include access to credit information, protection of creditor rights, and
enforcement of contracts among others, and attributes that define the evolution and
functioning of mortgage markets. Differences among these features lead to institutional
variations in mortgage markets among countries. In this study, we measure the
institutional features along four dimensions (financial, legal, openness and cultural),
and compare them to a benchmark. To achieve this, composite indices (overall index and
its sub-indices) are developed with the use of a factor analysis. The findings show that
the institutional features of the EU mortgage markets are diverse; northern European
countries and the United Kingdom (UK) take the lead with respect to the institutional
environment of their mortgage markets and have markets with higher institutional quality
than the others. That is, these countries have mortgage markets with a more efficient
legal framework, more government transparency in policymaking, easier access to
financial services and credit information, etc.
advantages of digital applications in public health services on automation era
Authors: Ernawati Kholis , Nugroho Budi Sulistiyo , Suryana Cece , Riyanto Agus , Fatmawati Endang
Published: February 2022

This study explored the advantages of using digital applications in public services in the era of automation. We have searched data in many applications, including scientific journals, books, academic residences, and many telling applications in the medical world. A series of data studies involving coding system analysis, evaluation, and interpretation, became more in-depth so that the data we found could be digested to answer this research question. Our data search was conducted electronically on secondary data published from 2010 to 2022. While the format of this study report is suitable from problem formulation to reporting on water, we chose a descriptive qualitative design with a phenomenological approach, trying to obtain the broadest possible data that is useful in answering questions of research questions. Based on the data and discussion, this study found several advantages of using digital applications in public health services in the current digital era. The reason is that digital applications have been able to innovate the work of paramedics in improving services to the public about health. Hopefully, this salary buddy will be full of supporting data for future health and technology studies.
On the homeomorphism problem for 4-manifolds
Authors: Gordon Cameron
Published: February 2022

We show that there is no algorithm to decide whether or not a given 4-manifold is homeomorphic to the connected sum of 12 copies of $S^2 \times S^2.
The Students' Emotional Maturity and Learning Motivation through Distance Learning During Covid-19 Outbreak
Authors: Rifqiawati Ika , Saputri Yolanda Ade , Oktaviani Hesti , Nurrohmah Shifa , Handayani Tri Asih
Published: February 2022

This research aimed to determine the emotional maturity and learning motivation of students through distance learning. The method used in this research is the quantitative method with survey technique. The data collection technique used a non-test technique with an online questionnaire instrument. The participants in this study included 35 Indonesian High School Student in Indonesia, which represented the accreditation criteria. The average value of students' emotional maturity during the Covid-19 pandemic as a whole was in a good category, with a score of 61.6%. This result shows that high school students with an age range of 15-18 years have a relatively good level of emotional maturity even though they are in distance learning adjustments due to Covid-19. Furthermore, the average value of student learning motivation is in a good category, with 66.5%, which shows that students can maintain learning motivation even in distance learning. Therefore, we can conclude that emotional maturity and learning motivation are still in the good category because students are still not familiar with distance learning, which is quite different from offline learning. Researchers offer suggestions to increase emotional maturity and learning motivation to increase teacher participation and the quality of parenting in distance learning. Students must be good at positive thinking and be themselves in adapting to the new environment.
High School Students’ Motivation Towards Physics Learning During Covid-19 Outbreak
Authors: Sukmawati Sukmawati , Qadar Riskan , Sulaeman Nurul Fitriah
Published: February 2022

Learning activities during the covid-19 pandemic have adapted by utilizing e-learning platforms, and this condition encourages the need to help students, especially by knowing their many motivations. Thus, this study aims, 1) To determine the level of student learning motivation in general and by gender 2) To determine the percentage of the ARCS aspect of each school on the level of learning motivation in general and by gender, 3) To determine the percentage of the ARCS aspect as a whole to the level of motivation to learn in general and by gender after participating in Physics learning boldly. The research sample was 275 students of class X MIPA from 8 public schools in Balikpapan. Data collection using questionnaires and interview techniques. The results showed that the general level of motivation was moderate with a percentage of 49%, while the value based on the proportion of gender for male students was 37% and the percentage for students was 63%. , 64.23% for Relevance, 68.19% for Confidence, and 71.95% for Satisfaction, while the proportion value based on gender in Attention is 67.53% for male, 67.80% for female; Male relevance 65.07%, female 63.78%; Confidence of men 69.41%, women 67.55%; and male satisfaction 72.37%, female 71.74%. Basically, this study aims to determine the level of motivation to learn physics and the aspects that affect that motivation; the higher the motivation, the greater the learning success. This study shows that high school students' motivation to learn physics based on the ARCS learning model is in the medium category. By knowing the level of learning motivation from several aspects that have been explored, we can increase students' motivation to learn to the maximum in the next lesson.
STEM Clubs: The Promising Space to Foster Students’ Creativity
Authors: Anh Nguyen Thi Van , Bien Nguyen Van , Son Dang Van , To Khuyen Nguyen Thi
Published: February 2022

The rapid developments of Science and Technology call for individuals to have strong academic knowledge and creativity. Research shows that students acquire creativity after either curricular or extracurricular activities in subject matters. However, there is not much research examining students’ creativity through integrative learning activities, such as STEM activities. In this current study, we examine the potential of STEM clubs in terms of fostering students’ creativity. We used the survey method to assess students’ creativity in engineering design. We collected the data from 244 Vietnamese students, including members and non-members in STEM clubs. The quantitative analysis was performed to examine the differences between members’ creativity and non-members’ creativity. The results show that STEM club members have significantly more creativity than non-members. The results also show that STEM club members have significantly more creativity than non-members. Based on the results, STEM clubs demonstrate a significant impact on students' creativity. Consequently, STEM clubs should be implemented in high school to enhance students’ creativity.
Is Flipped Learning more Effective than Traditional Classrooms in Developing Prospective Elementary Teachers’ Competence of Designing Integrated Natural Science Topics?
Authors: Mai Anh The Hung , Phan Hoi Thi Thanh , Phan Duy Duc , Nguyen Trang Thi Thuy
Published: February 2022

The flipped learning has a lot of advantages in university teaching, especially in the era of information technology explosion and in response to the current Covid-19 pandemic. Designing integrated natural science topics (DINST) is an important competence of elementary school teachers in creating an attractive teaching topic with interdisciplinary integration. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of applying the flipped learning in developing DINST competence compared to applying the traditional teaching model for prospective elementary teachers. The article used a quasi-experimental method. The 86 fourth-year pre-service elementary teachers were divided into two groups in which the experimental group was applied the flipped learning and the control group was done by traditional teaching. This research was conducted in a 7-week course in the semester I (2020 – 21) through the Module of “Scientific Discovery Activities Organization” at one public university of Education in Vietnam. The article has identified the process of organizing teaching to develop DINST competence for future elementary teachers. Pre- and post- tests were designed and applied on both groups. A questionnaire to collect information on the experimental group's learning attitude was also carried out, which helps to further explain our research results. Descriptive statistics and quantitative data analysis were performed on SPSS. The research results have shown that applying the flipped learning has contributed to the development of DINST competence for prospective elementary teachers better than teaching in the traditional way. The research has contributed to proving the positive role of the flipped learning in developing the future Elementary teachers’ competence to integrated teaching and showed that this model can be widely applied in Vietnam's teacher training institutions
Reflective Thinking for Quality Mathematics Instruction: A Study on Fiji Primary School Teachers’ Knowledge of Reflective Teaching
Authors: Raiula Taraivini Raramasi , S.N Vijayakumari. , Alasa Victor M. , Takiveikata Sereima , Shirotriya Awadhesh K.
Published: February 2022

This study was aim at analyzing the notion of quality teaching expected of teachers as reflective practitioners, which are continuously articulated during workshops, conferences, however, its practicality seems vaguely defined and at times, reflection seems to lose its purpose and value. The study engaged a descriptive survey which used stratified sampling technique which understudies 363 Primary School Teachers in Fiji from the four major Education Divisions, in which each stratum was selected. A ‘Test on Knowledge of Reflective Teaching,’ and a ‘Rating Scale on Practice of Reflective Teaching’ were conducted and analysed to compare the components of Knowledge and Practice of Reflective Teaching, with respect to teaching experience, and the data was analysed quantitatively using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Fndings from the study amongst others is that there is a significant difference in knowledge which focus on practical aspects’ component of knowledge of reflective teaching for primary mathematics teachers in Fiji.
Science Attitude on Environmental Conservation of Thai and Indonesian Novice Science Teacher Students
Authors: Nuangchalerm Prasart , El Islami R. Ahmad Zaky , Prasertsang Parichart
Published: February 2022

World is now rapidly changed by human activities that effect to environment and all of us. Process and product of science and technology transformed our knowledge and way of life to modern society. Local knowledge and scientific knowledge are related to means of co-learning space. Science education should play its importance roles and goals to use science and technology for sustainable development. The aim of this study was to compare Thai and Indonesian novice science teacher students in science attitude on environmental conservation based on local wisdom of Baduy’s society. The subjects were 95 of Thai and 71 of Indonesian novice science teacher students. They were asked indigenous knowledge for preserving natural resources and community practices. Attitude on environmental conservation is explored and explained through the scientific literacy test.  The results showed that mean score of Thai novice science teacher students had better than Indonesian movice science teacher students and significantly differences at .05 level of statistics. Need future studies which concern to improve science attitude and scientific literacy in the teacher education program.
Development of a Physics Laboratory Activity Kit for the Do-It-Yourself (DIY) Physics Equipment and Laboratory Activity
Authors: Malicoban Elesar V. , Castro Ellen J.
Published: February 2022

The main objective of this study was to develop a Physics laboratory activity kit for the Do-It-Yourself (DIY) Physics equipment and laboratory activity to be used in Physics classes of high school students. The resulting kit was assessed by the selected pre-service and in-service Physics teachers. This study employed a mixed methods. Assessment of the laboratory activity kit which includes the Student Worksheets, Teacher’s Guide, and Equipment Construction was done by the in-service and pre-service Physics teachers in order to ensure a workable DIY Physics equipment and quality laboratory activity kit which shall be of great use in Physics class. The pre-service and in-service rated the Student Worksheet as very good. The DIY Physics equipment was workable. The laboratory activity for the DIY Physics equipment was appropriate for the fourth-year students. The Teacher’s Guide in the laboratory activity kit was very good and can guide the teacher on what to do before, during, and after the activity. The Equipment Construction was very good and appropriate for the teacher’s guide and laboratory activity.
‘Coming out’ of Thai students in the Discourse of Higher Education
Authors: Chintaradeja Panapa
Published: February 2022

This study aims to explain coming out of Thai students in the discourse of higher education. Thus, prior research and literature reviews are discussed and argued critically to extend the knowledges of “coming out”. The in-depth interview is employed to be the method for gathering data from Thai university students in the discourse of higher education by using purposive sampling. Lastly, the finding is contented and analyzed into narrative description.
Forwarding strategies to online multiple-choice tests
Authors: Danpradit Pramote , Kongkumnerd Tanit , Boonplian Pranrapee
Published: February 2022

After the final test of the semester 2/2020 test results of the Aesthetic Appreciation courses (focus music content), learners did not score satisfactorily. The aesthetic Appreciation courses committee analyzed the problem together with the assessment results. This article is a study that compiles knowledge and ideas from academic documents and teaching experience in Aesthetic Appreciation courses, resulting in an article improving teaching using strategies do online multiple-choice tests as follows: 1) Ability to use a computer and typing skills. 2) Ability to read comprehension. 3) Ability to create multiple-choice, 4) Teaching as a tutor role, and 5) The online test, and points to be aware in online testing. In addition, the researcher will continue to apply this concept and create an online test in teaching. There are also ideas for teaching design. This research can be used for guideline in other courses in the future.
Satisfaction of students toward using test retest method in reading and writing skills for Thai word
Authors: Chomphara Nattharacha , Srichantha Siriphon , Sintanapanya Atikhun , Srichantha Supachai
Published: February 2022

This research study was aimed at the satisfaction of students toward using the test retest method in course Reading and Writing Skills for Thai Word. The research samples consisted of 44 students who were students at Loei Rajabhat University. The research instrument was a questionnaire. Data were analyzed with percentage, mean, and standard deviation. The result showed that the satisfaction level of students toward using the test-retest method in Reading and Writing Skills for Thai Word in overall aspects were at high level. They are ready to improve their learning achievement and language skills. The program or workshop for continuing in such knowledge and language skills need to be prepared in the appropriate contexts.
PERAN ANGGOTA DPD RI PROVINSI DKI JAKARTA PERIODE 2014-2019 DALAM MENYERAP ASPIRASI WARGA DKI JAKARTA
Authors: Agus Salman  , Efriza
Published: February 2022

Peran Anggota Dewan Perwakilan Daerah (DPD RI) sebagai representasi suara daerah sangatlah diharapkan agar tercapainya sebuah check and balance dalam hubungan pusat dan daerah, begitu pula dengan daerah Provinsi DKI Jakarta dengan segala permasalahannya. Sebagai Ibukota Negara, DKI Jakarta menyimpan masalah-masalah yang harus segera ditangani agar menjadi sebuah suara daerah secara menyeluruh untuk disuarakan dalam level nasional. Namun ternyata, Peran Anggota DPD dari Provinsi DKI Jakarta Periode 2014-2019 dalam menyerap dan memperjuangkan aspirasi warga DKI Jakarta yang sangat heterogen dalam parlemen seakan tak terdengar atau tersosialisasikan dengan baik. Sementara, DPD dengan kewenangan yang terbatas seakan menjadi sebuah keterbatasan dalam bertindak sebagai penyerap aspirasi maupun merumuskan dalam proses legislasi yang memihak kepentingan aspirasi daerah.

Kata kunci: Peran, Aspirasi, DPD, DKI Jakarta
KONFLIK KEPENTINGAN ELIT POLITIK LOKAL DALAM PROYEK PEMBANGUNAN : STUDI KASUS PROVINSI BENGKULU TAHUN ANGGARAN 2017
Authors: Zakaria Habib Al-Ra’zie  , Heru Wahyudi
Published: February 2022

Proyek pembangunan di daerah tidak jarang menjadi penyebab konflik kepentingan antara pihak-pihak yang ingin mendapatkan dan mendominasi keuntungan dari proyek tersebut. Kepala Dinas Pekerjaan Umum dan Penataan Ruang (PUPR) Provinsi Bengkulu memiliki benturan kepentingan dengan Gubernur Bengkulu pada proyek pembangunan jalan Tahun Anggaran 2017. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Alat analisis yang digunakan adalah teori konflik kepentingan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan konflik terjadi akibat setiap aktor ingin mendominasi keuntungan finansial secara tidak sah melalui fee proyek dari para pengusaha yang dimenangkan lelangnya.Ridwan Mukti menggunakan kekuasaanya sebagai Gubernur untuk memerintahkan Kuntadi selaku birokrat Kepala Dinas PUPR Provinsi Bengkulu supaya mengkondisikan para pemenang lelang proyek untuk mengikuti keinginannya. Dia mengancam para birokrat yang tidak memahami keinginannya dan patuh terhadap perintahnya sewaktu-waktu akan diberikan punishment berupa pencopotan atau mutasi jabatan ke tempat kerja yang lebih tidak strategis. Pilkada berbiaya tinggi menjadi motivasi utama terjadinya praktif curang dan konflik kepentingan tersebut. Kedua belah pihak memiliki tujuan sama namun dengan motivasi yang berbeda. Keduanya sama-sama memanfaatkan potensi keuntungan dari paket proyek pembangunan di Provinsi Bengkulu.

Kata Kunci : Konflik Kepentingan, Proyek Pembangunan Jalan, Fee proyek.
“Let the Children Lead”?
Authors: Sartain Lee
Published: February 2022

This article examines the Youth Marches for Integrated Schools that took place in 1958 and 1959 in Washington, DC, and argues that it was a critical turning point in youth civil rights activism. These marches saw American youth breaking free from adult-dominated civil rights groups, such as the NAACP, and helped establish youth-centered organizing from 1960 onward that helped reinvigorate the civil rights movement. The use of marches in Washington, DC, in the late 1950s attempted to channel concepts of youth as promoters of social change that could reflect fundamental American values of liberty and democracy during the Cold War, especially after the Brown decision (1954) and the lack of progress in integrating schools. The marches were attempts by established civil rights groups to utilize youth optimism and vitality while also attempting to impose strict boundaries on their activities to promote traditional methods of activism and citizenship. Such mass meetings at the U.S. capital gave youth a presence in the national consciousness yet also led to youth groups seeking greater organizational autonomy. The Youth Marches became a bridge to the 1960s youth movement and shows the generational conflict and suspicions of independent youth activism by established rights groups.
In and Out of the Cocoon: Reflections of a Literary Scholar on a Bootless Italy
Authors: Marazzi Martino
Published: February 2022

The current transnational and diasporic trend in “outward” Italian studies challenges the conventional wisdom of an Italo-centric curriculum and opens up new perspectives in a variety of ways while positing a more complex cultural scenario in light of contemporary massive migrations affecting Italy and Europe. This essay, taking its cue from several literary and historiographical sources, advocates for a wider approach to the cultural study of things Italian and for a more nuanced and unprejudiced adoption of academic labels and categories.
Remembering Columbus, Forgetting Ethnicity: Memory, White Supremacy, and Italian American Identity in the American South
Authors: Maurantonio Nicole
Published: February 2022

Following news of the May 2020 murder of George Floyd, protesters around the world organized to highlight police brutality against Black and Brown people. Alongside a list of demands including the defunding of police departments, protesters also called for the removal of public symbols of white supremacy. Although protesters took aim primarily at statues memorializing Confederate leaders, sites commemorating Christopher Columbus drew similar criticism. In Richmond, Virginia, demonstrators not only toppled the statue to Columbus; they lit it on fire and dumped it in nearby Fountain Lake. While the decision to submerge the Columbus statue in water might be interpreted as a convenient performative ploy, this article suggests that the action is one suffused with meaning. Forging a narrative linkage between Columbus and Confederate leaders, protesters cast the monuments commemorating these historic actors as analogue artifacts of racial intimidation. This article argues, however, that this narrative washed away—in both literal and figurative terms—a complex history of Italian immigration to the city, assimilation, and the process of “becoming white.”
Second-Language Influence on First-Language Animacy Constraints and Word Order in Korean–English Bilinguals
Authors: Lebkuecher Amy L. , Malt Barbara C.
Published: February 2022

Does second-language (L2) syntactic influence on first-language (L1) reflect long-term changes to L1 syntax or occur only as a result of retrieval difficulties during time-constrained tasks? To evaluate L2 influence on L1 representation of animacy constraints (an element at the syntax–semantics interface) and word order (narrow syntax), we asked Korean–English bilingual speakers to judge sentences for grammaticality under both speeded and unspeeded conditions (Study 1) and to choose the more acceptable sentence of pairs that contained one grammatical and one ungrammatical sentence (Study 2). We found evidence for L2 influence on L1 animacy constraints in all cases and potential L2 influence on L1 word order in Study 1. These results indicate that L2 influence on L1 syntax can be observed even in conditions that reduce retrieval difficulty, implicating changes to underlying L1 representations. They also support the notion of greater susceptibility to change at the syntax–semantics interface.
Examination of a Response–Effect Compatibility Task With Continuous Mouse Movements: Free- Versus Forced-Choice Tasks and Sequential Modulations
Authors: Schonard Carolin , Proctor Robert W. , Xiong Aiping , Janczyk Markus
Published: February 2022

According to ideomotor theory, we select actions by recalling and anticipating their sensory consequences, that is, their action effects. Compelling evidence for this theory comes from response–effect compatibility (REC) experiments, in which a response produces an effect with which it is either compatible or incompatible. For example, pressing a left/right response key is faster if it is predictably followed by an action effect on the same, compatible side compared with the other, incompatible side, even though the effect itself appears only after response time is measured. Recent studies investigated this effect with continuous responses (i.e., computer mouse movements) and reported an REC effect in a forced-choice but not in a free-choice task. From the keypressing literature, the opposite result pattern or no differences would have been expected. To clarify this issue, we report 3 experiments with mouse movement responses. Experiment 1 used a simpler scenario than in prior studies and found a similar result: The REC effect was evident in a forced- but not in a free-choice task. Also, sequential modulations of the REC effect were exploratorily analyzed and replicated with higher power in Experiment 2. However, Experiment 3 demonstrated that at least part of the REC effect with mouse movements can be attributed to stimulus–response compatibility (SRC), with a much smaller compatibility effect evident with a procedure for which SRC was reduced. We conclude that a sequentially modulated compatibility effect can be observed with mouse movements, but previous studies may have underestimated the contribution from SRC. The results are also discussed in terms of why the compatibility effect was observed in forced- but not free-choice tasks with mouse movement responses.
Between-Group Mean Differences in Intelligence in the United States Are >0% Genetically Caused: Five Converging Lines of Evidence
Authors: Warne Russell T.
Published: February 2022

The past 30 years of research in intelligence has produced a wealth of knowledge about the causes and consequences of differences in intelligence between individuals, and today mainstream opinion is that individual differences in intelligence are caused by both genetic and environmental influences. Much more contentious is the discussion over the cause of mean intelligence differences between racial or ethnic groups. In contrast to the general consensus that interindividual differences are both genetic and environmental in origin, some claim that mean intelligence differences between racial groups are completely environmental in origin, whereas others postulate a mix of genetic and environmental causes. In this article I discuss 5 lines of research that provide evidence that mean differences in intelligence between racial and ethnic groups are partially genetic. These lines of evidence are findings in support of Spearman’s hypothesis, consistent results from tests of measurement invariance across American racial groups, the mathematical relationship that exists for between-group and within-group sources of heritability, genomic data derived from genome-wide association studies of intelligence and polygenic scores applied to diverse samples, and admixture studies. I also discuss future potential lines of evidence regarding the causes of average group differences across racial groups. However, the data are not fully conclusive, and the exact degree to which genes influence intergroup mean differences in intelligence is not known. This discussion applies only to native English speakers born in the United States and not necessarily to any other human populations.
Costume’s Comic and Intertextual Potential: The Case of Philocleon’s Cloak
Authors: Wyles Rosie
Published: February 2022

Philocleon’s enforced costume change (Vesp. 1122–73) has rich potential as an exemplum through which to explore comic costume’s production of humor and its contribution to theatrical discourse. This discussion offers fresh observations about the humor generated from Philocleon’s costume change and identifies its “intertextual” relationship with Aeschylus’s Oresteia, Aristophanes’s Acharnians and Knights. The ‘cloak scene,’ it is argued, forms an integral part of the ongoing competition between the comic and tragic genre in Wasps. Moreover, this case study points to the on-going significance of costume in Aristophanes’s dialectic with tragedy and in his discourse on theatre in general.
Pindar, Pythian 6.50–51
Authors: Lane Nicholas
Published: February 2022

Recent editors have printed Bowra’s conjecture to resolve the textual crux at Pindar, Pythian 6.50. This note identifies problems with that approach, reviews the MS evidence, and proposes a new solution.
The Convenient Disregard for the Rattus Species in the Laboratory Environment: Implications for Animal Welfare and Science
Authors: Contreras Elena T. , Rollin Bernard E.
Published: February 2022

This article encourages a rethinking of how rats are regarded within the laboratory research environment. The rat’s remarkable intellect and cognitive capacities are well known yet conveniently ignored. An understanding of the five domains of animal welfare and the telos of the rat necessitate that the rat’s circumstances, namely habitat accommodations, in the research arena be reassessed. The rat-ness of being a rat must be considered, celebrated, and elevated to significantly higher standards. We advocate for a new research paradigm if one continues to “use” the extraordinary Rattus species.
In Defense of the Basic Argument for Vegetarianism
Authors: Simpson James
Published: February 2022

In a recent article, Timothy Hsiao criticizes the basic argument for moral vegetarianism. In this connection, Hsiao offers an interesting, original argument (that I’ll christen Hsiao’s Argument) with the conclusion that human consumption of meat solely for the purposes of nutrition trumps the welfare interests of nonhuman animals. In this article, however, I’ll argue that if Hsiao’s Argument isn’t to be problematically circular, we have very strong grounds for thinking that it is either unsound or invalid. Toward the end of this article, I’ll also show that a slightly modified version of Hsiao’s Argument—that I call Hsiao’s Argument*—fares no better than Hsiao’s Argument. So, the basic argument for moral vegetarianism looks to be in much better shape than Hsiao imagines.
The Anarchist Diet: Vegetarianism and Individualist Anarchism in Early 20th-Century France
Authors: Frayne Carl Tobias
Published: February 2022

This article uncovers the historical connection between anarchism and vegetarianism in France. In doing so, it restores the significance of a little-known branch of the libertarian movement, namely individualist anarchism. Individualist anarchists sought to transform themselves by applying anarchist principles in their daily lives instead of waiting for a future revolution. Retracing the thoughts and deeds of these forgotten pioneers of the ecological and animal liberation movements, I show that vegetarianism is a striking illustration of anarcho-individualist prefigurative politics and that their aspiration to find their place within nature is as topical as ever.
Historical Examination of Dietary Patterns in Rural Central/Southern Appalachia
Authors: Gutschall Melissa , Thompson Kyle , Visocky Sarah , Johnson Kelsey , McRee Cody
Published: February 2022

Convenience meals and fast foods have slowly worked their way into the rural Appalachian diet, playing a major role in increased obesity and food-related ailments. Increasing future health providers’ knowledge of historical Appalachian dietary patterns and how health is perceived by rural residents may lead to the development of culturally sensitive nutrition interventions for rural populations. This article describes the historical Appalachian diet and validates the Traditional Central/Southern Appalachian Diet Pyramid (TADP) to inform future nutrition interventions. Fourteen historical cookbooks, five ethnographic articles, and twenty-six oral history interviews were qualitatively analyzed. The four largest categories of the traditional Appalachian diet were homegrown produce (25.8 percent), added fats and sugars (25.5 percent), sources of protein (20.1 percent), and sources of carbohydrates (13.9 percent). Within these individual categories, corn, wheat, potatoes, green beans, fatback, butter, soup beans, and pork were some of the ingredients most commonly mentioned. Findings reveal that the traditional Appalachian diet was primarily based on homegrown or gathered produce with the addition of added fats and sugars, protein, and carbohydrate sources.
Brave Shanty Boys: The Songs of Timber Workers and Community in Pocahontas County, West Virginia
Authors: Bailey Kristen
Published: February 2022

Deep in the heart of West Virginia’s Pocahontas County, the timber industry moved across the nineteenth-century forest, taking valuable commercial lumber, but leaving behind rich cultural legacies. Transient and illiterate laborers, who worked from dawn to dusk, were not privileged to record their thoughts and emotions. Their identities, situated somewhere outside of community structures by virtue of their occupations and ethnicities, were not always recorded in traditional written sources, and yet the complex relationships between those communities and the timber workers are important to understanding the history of Appalachia. Histories of the extractive industries that swept through the region are rich with details of the devastation wrought in the area, but the personal stories of the workers’ lives must be uncovered using cultural remnants. Through the analysis of the songs of the timber camps and the way those songs became incorporated into a community social heritage and identity, the voices of the brave shanty boys can ring out once more.
Recovering the Commons, a Decade Later: Appalachian Commons and Possibilities for Interdisciplinary Research and Action
Authors: Guest M. Aaron , Carter-Stone Laura , Vance-Berg Leah
Published: February 2022

This research note promotes a dialogue among disciplines about education, activism, and research in Appalachian studies. The challenges developing in our current era are occurring amidst significant changes in Appalachian studies as the field’s long-standing leaders and scholars continue to retire. In their places, new scholars are developing who, in many cases, lack the activist training and experiences of their predecessors, but whose academic preparation and interest are interdisciplinary in innovative ways. We explore past and present scholarly and activist efforts while foregrounding Reid and Taylor’s concept of the “body~place~commons.” We propose that the future of Appalachian studies depends on interdisciplinary collaboration between diverse populations of researchers and activists, and especially emerging scholars who seek to sustain and further the field. Only through an understanding of how multiple disciplines approach research, and how they can engage with one another, can a new path forward for the field develop. We conclude this note with considerations from emerging scholars for the future of the field.
The Library of Appalachian Preaching at Marshall University
Authors: Ellison Robert H.
Published: February 2022

This note discusses the Library of Appalachian Preaching, an online project that provides access to sermons and other addresses delivered in Appalachia, or elsewhere by preachers with some kind of connection to the region. It describes the scope of the project, provides an overview of the Library’s website, and suggests several research topics and areas of inquiry that might emerge from the materials included in the project.
Stanisław Gutowski: America’s Secret Weapon in World War I
Authors: Pula James S.
Published: February 2022

World War I erupted at a time when immigrants were entering the United States at a rate of almost one million per year. According to the 1910 census, there were 13,515,886 foreign-born residents, accounting for 14.7 percent of the population. Among the two largest nationality groups, Italians and Poles, 51.3 percent of the former and 45.8 percent of the latter lacked any English-language skills on arrival. When the United States entered the war in 1917, the lack of functional English among a large proportion of the population posed a major problem for those eligible for conscription into the US armed forces. How could the hundreds of thousands of potential recruits be effectively trained when so many barely understood basic English, if at all? This article chronicles the efforts of Stanisław Antoni Gutowski, a Polish immigrant from Grajewo in the Łomża Voivodeship in northeastern Poland, who successfully developed a comprehensive and effective training program that not only prepared people for service in the armed forces but also for obtaining citizenship and the English skills they would need to open doors to opportunity in civilian life.
Integrating the Holocaust into the Modern History of Poland
Authors: Aleksiun Natalia
Published: February 2022

This essay makes a case for integrating the Holocaust—the systematic murder of a substantial part of Poland’s population, violent destruction of entire families, disappearance of a culture with its rich network of institutions—as part of Polish history. It reflects on the challenges in conceiving an approach in which the Jewish experience is understood as part of the inclusive history of Polish citizens. Only when historical investigation goes beyond the discussion of wartime attitudes of Poles—who are understood as being “ethnic Poles”—can questions be raised regarding the space for Jewish Poles as equal subjects. At the same time, the challenge is to avoid forcibly Polonizing the victims who were murdered as Jews. Close reading of Jewish accounts and focusing on daily lives offer a useful lens for such research.
Terrifying Allure: The Beauty of Harley Quinn in U.S. and Mexican Cosplay
Authors: Nichols Elizabeth Gackstetter
Published: February 2022

Analyzing the evolution of DC Comics character Harley Quinn, this article addresses how fans approach Quinn’s appearance, identifying with and aspiring to be like the character. Focusing on the changes in Quinn’s costume and visual presentation, this article describes how cosplayers (practitioners of public costume play) link outer appearance to inner self and appropriate elements of Quinn’s costume for their own practice. Anchored in a humanities perspective that includes philosophy, beauty theory and fan studies, this article provides a close reading of the canonical figure’s visual representation and how that representation is used by cosplayers in the United States and Mexico to express fan identity.