bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the effectiveness of human resources practices on teaching and learning outcomes in primary education
Authors: Chinyere Umeji Ifeoma
Published: June 2024

This study evaluates the effectiveness of human resources (HR) practices on teaching and learning outcomes in primary education. The research was guided by four research questions and two research hypotheses. The study utilized a survey design via Google Forms for efficient data collection on human resources practices’ effectiveness in primary education. The questionnaire, validated by experts, garnered 60 responses within a month. Data analysis in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) included descriptive statistics and analysis of variance (ANOVA) techniques, adhering to ethical standards. The findings highlight the importance of HR practices that accommodate diversity, support inclusivity, and foster a sense of belonging for all students. Challenges in implementing inclusive HR practices are also identified, emphasizing the need for ongoing efforts to promote inclusivity and equity in primary education. The study concludes by advocating for the development and implementation of effective HR strategies to enhance teaching and learning outcomes in primary education.
Debris Flow Impact on Rigid Walls: Protection by Tree Trunks
Authors: Ahmadian Pakhshan , Turker Umut
Published: June 2024

To mitigate debris flow disasters, most of the previous research has focused, mostly through experimental methods, on placing different rigid barriers as structural prevention against debris flow to dissipate its energy. However, there has been less research on simulating the debris flow resistance on the tree trunk patches. In the present work, analytical and numerical simulation of the peak impact pressure of debris flow on a vertical rigid wall has been analysed under the protection of a patch of tree trunks. Along the debris flow path, tree trunks with identical diameters have been arranged in linear and rectilinear configurations. The mathematical analysis employs the Reynolds Transport Theorem, while the numerical simulations use the Reynolds-Averaged-Navier-Stokes equations. The numerical simulation results have depicted that the rectilinear configuration of tree trunks in each spot area is more effective than other configurations and increasing density of tree trunks within a given spot area is 50% more protective than the increasing the number of rows of the tree trunks. Additionally, this study estimates a new dynamic coefficient (α) as a function of the Froude number and devises a new expression for the drag force coefficient for different tree trunk configurations.
A Study on the Knowledge and Perception of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Dettman David
Published: June 2024

A Review of:
Subaveerapandiyan, A., Sunanthini, C., & Amees, M. (2023). A study on the knowledge and perception of artificial intelligence. IFLA Journal, 49(3), 503–513.  https://doi.org/10.1177/03400352231180230
Objective – To assess the knowledge, perception, and skills of library and information science (LIS) professionals related to artificial intelligence (AI).
Design – 45 statements were distributed to 469 LIS professionals via Google Forms to collect primary data. 245 participants responded to the structured questionnaire.
Setting – University and college libraries in Zambia.
Subjects – Zambian library and information science professionals.Methods – A descriptive approach was employed for the study. Data was gathered via a questionnaire. “The objective was to assess the statistical relationship between the knowledge, perception, and skills of LIS professionals (the independent variables) and AI (the dependent variable)” (Subaveerapandiyan et al., p. 506). The survey used a 5-point Likert scale with (1) strongly disagree being the lowest score and (5) strongly agree the highest.  Means and standard deviations are included in data display tables. Thematic analysis was employed to analyze the data. SPSS was used for data analysis.Main Results – Survey results are presented in three tables. Table 1, “Awareness of AI among LIS professionals,” contains 21 statements related to AI use in various library environments and services, including reference (finding articles and citations, content summarization, detecting misinformation), circulation of library materials, security and surveillance, character recognition and document preservation, research data management, language translation, and others. The authors note that 44.1 percent of the respondents agreed that “AI is essential for the effectiveness and efficiency of library service delivery, enabling libraries to enhance and offer dynamic services for their users” (Subaveerapandiyan et al., 2023, p. 506).
Table 2, “Perception of AI among LIS professionals,” contains 10 statements. Over 85 percent of respondents either strongly agreed or agreed that AI “makes library staff lazy” while 58.1 percent either strongly agreed or agreed that AI is a “threat to librarians’ employment” (Subaveerapandiyan et al., 2023, p. 506). The authors note that the “respondents also indicated barriers to the adoption of AI in libraries, such as the lack of LIS professionals’ skills and budgetary constraints” (Subaveerapandiyan et al., 2023, p. 506).
Table 3 lists 13 competencies required by library professionals in the AI era. The majority of the respondents (an average of 65 percent) were in strong agreement that “electronic communication, hardware and software, Internet applications, computing and networking, cyber security and network management, data quality control, data curation, database management … are necessary competencies required by LIS professionals for them to be proficient in AI” (Subaveerapandiyan et al., 2023, p. 506).
Machine Learning Offers Opportunities to Advance Library Services
Authors: Kaplan Samantha
Published: June 2024

A Review of:
Wang, Y. (2022). Using machine learning and natural language processing to analyze library chat reference transcripts. Information Technology and Libraries, 41(3). https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v41i3.14967
Objective – The study sought to develop a model to predict if library chat questions are reference or non-reference.
Design – Supervised machine learning and natural language processing.
Setting – College of New Jersey academic library.
Subjects – 8,000 Springshare LibChat transactions collected from 2014 to 2021.
Methods – The chat logs were downloaded into Excel, cleaned, and individual questions were labelled reference or non-reference by hand. Labelled data were preprocessed to remove nonmeaningful and stop words, and reformatted to lowercase. Data were then stemmed to group words with similar meaning. The feature of question length was then added and data were transformed from text to numeric for text vectorization. Data were then divided into training and testing sets. The Python packages Natural Language Toolkit (NLTK) and scikit-learn were used for analysis, building random forest and gradient boosting models which were evaluated via confusion matrix.
Main Results – Both models performed very well in precision, recall and accuracy, with the random forest model having better overall results than the gradient boosting model, as well as a more efficient fit time, though slightly longer prediction time.
Conclusion – High volume library chat services could benefit from utilizing machine learning to develop models that inform plugins or chat enhancements to filter chat queries quickly.
Emerging roles for the RXFP1 in myeloid series leukemia
Authors: Safari Baesmat Ayriana , Bayrakdar Berna
Published: June 2024

Purpose: The study investigates the role of Relaxin Family Peptide Receptor 1 (RXFP1) in myeloid leukemia cell function. It found that RXFP1 has been associated with cAMP, PI3K/Akt, NO/cGMP, MAPK and ERK1/2 signaling. High RXFP1 expression was associated with shorter cancer-specific survival RXFP1 mutated leukemia patients. The study suggests that RXFP1 may promote invasion and progression in both types of AML and CML.
Methods: The gene expression data were retrieved from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Fold change, p.value t-test and David Functional analysis, hierarchical clustering was performed.
Conclusion: PCDH9, AREG, CTSG, RXFP1, CCDC152, ANXA, CD24 and VPREB1 gene expression alterations were identified depending on leukemia in human moocyte cells. Seven of these genes were identified as downregulated in leukemia groups in human monocyte cells and one of these genes were identified as upregulated in leukemia cells.Therefore, it is hypothesized that downregulation or upregulation of these genes may affect AML/CML pathogenesis by reducing cell proliferation. And it is predicted that RXFP1 mutation may be an important factor for myeloid leukemia.
Ende in der Psychoanalyse
Authors: Ostendorf Ursula
Published: June 2024

Das Ende einer Psychoanalyse bedeutet neben Erweiterung der Persönlichkeit auch Abschied, Verlust und Getrenntsein. Für die Bewältigung dieser Gefühle braucht es eine Ausstattung, die ein Verstehen der inneren Welt möglich macht, um paranoide wie depressive Ängste zu verarbeiten. Dazu ist ein stabiles Ich notwendig, begleitet von einem schützenden, realistischen Über-Ich, der Internalisierung guter innerer Objekte, dem Verstehen der Komplexität des Zusammenwirkens von inneren Instanzen wie Über-Ich und Ich, den inhärenten Triebkräften und einer Unterscheidungsfähigkeit von Realität und Phantasma.
Futbolculara Uygulanan 30 Metre Hız ve Kompleks Antrenmanlarının Yüksek Şiddetli ve Sprint Koşu Profillerine Etkisi
Authors: Akça Emrah , Durukan Erdil , Aydın Gökhan
Published: June 2024

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, profesyonel futbolcular üzerinde gerçekleştirilen ve 10 haftalık bir süreç boyunca uygulanan 30 metrelik hız ve kompleks antrenmanların, yüksek şiddetli koşu ve sprint aktivite profiline olan etkisini incelemektir.
Yöntem: Balıkesir spor takımında futbol oynayan 20 A takım futbolcusu, basit rastgele örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilerek araştırmaya katılmıştır. Katılımcılar, deney ve kontrol grubu olarak ikiye ayrılmıştır. Deney grubundaki sporculara, takımlarının futbol antrenmanlarının dışında haftada bir gün ek olarak 30 metrelik hız ve kompleks antrenman uygulanmıştır. Deney ve kontrol grubuna 1. hafta ön ölçüm, 5. hafta ara ölçüm ve 10. hafta son ölçüm olmak üzere toplam üç ölçüm alınmıştır. Veriler, GPS temelli Polar Team Pro cihazı kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler repeated measures ANOVA testi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmada anlamlılık değeri 0,05 olarak belirlenmiştir.
Bulgular: 30 metre hız ve kompleks antrenman uygulanan deney grubu; yüksek tempolu koşu aktivite profilinde kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı farklılık gösterirken (p0.05). Yüksek tempolu koşu aktivite profilinde deney grubu ile kontrol grubu arasındaki fark incelendiğinde; deney grubunun ortalamaları 1., 2. ve 3. ölçümde giderek artarken, kontrol grubunda artış göstermemiştir.
Sonuç: Sonuç olarak futbolcular üzerinde yapılan çalışmada 30 metre hız ve kompleks antrenmanın yüksek şiddetli koşular üzerinde deney ve kontrol grubu arasında fark oluştururken, sprint koşu üzerinde herhangi bir fark oluşturmamıştır.
Quantitative Analysis and Evaluation of Economic Factors That Lead Professionals to Commit Fraud: A Cross-Regional Study from Baku and Izmir
Authors: Guliyeva Laman , Susmus Turker
Published: June 2024

In order to ensure the correct economic order, it is important that the data and information produced are accurate and complete. In order to ensure this order, the information used in accounting should be accurately reflected to the owners and employees of the enterprises, the persons / organizations that invest and lend to the enterprise and the public. However, in some cases, accounting information is reflected incorrectly to users due to intentional and in some cases unintentional errors. The factors that lead employees to fraud can be classified under 3 headings: finding a suitable target, lack of control, and having employees who are inclined to fraud. In particular, errors and fraud in financial statements have undermined the trust in the accounting profession, reduced transparency, misled those concerned with the business and caused erroneous decisions, and most importantly, caused accounting scandals by creating an obstacle to economic development. In recent years, many practices have been introduced to prevent accounting scandals that have emerged in the world. As in the whole world, accounting frauds are encountered in Azerbaijan and Turkey, and many sanctions and practices are made to prevent them.
Taxing Mobile Money in Kenya: Impact on Financial Inclusion
Authors: Diouf Awa , Carreras Marco , Santoro Fabrizio
Published: June 2024

Financial inclusion – where individuals and businesses have access to useful and affordable financial products and services that meet their needs, delivered in a responsible and sustainable way – is a critical component of economic development. It is particularly important in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where there can be little traditional banking infrastructure. The success of M-PESA in Kenya shows that mobile money is helping financial inclusion in the region. Those in rural or underserved areas can use mobile money to access basic financial services – savings, payments, and credit – through their mobile phones. This is critical for impoverished households, helping them to manage their finances, build resilience, and participate more actively in the economy. Financial inclusion aligns with broader development goals, such as poverty reduction and gender equality, by empowering marginalised groups, including women and small-scale entrepreneurs. However, taxation policies can be a threat to the adoption of mobile money in Africa. This study assesses the short and long-term impact of the Kenyan excise duty on the use of mobile money. Summary of ICTD Working Paper 168.
Considérations clés : Participation des enfants dans le contexte des flambées épidémiques en Afrique de l’est et australe
Authors: Reilly Elena , Serlemitsos Elizabeth , Bilakwate Julieth Sebba
Published: June 2024

La mise en œuvre de stratégies efficaces de participation des enfants est essentielle afin d’optimiser la riposte contre les flambées épidémiques et de minimiser leur impact tout en garantissant la protection, le bien-être et la résilience des enfants. Lorsque les enfants comprennent les flambées épidémiques, ils sont mieux en mesure de faire face, de contribuer et de se rétablir. Cela favorise le bien-être et contribue à la fois à protéger les enfants et à reconnaître leur capacité d’agir. La région de l’Afrique de l’est et austral (ESA) est vulnérable aux flambées épidémiques, notamment de virus Ébola, et d’autres fièvres hémorragiques, de rougeole, de choléra, d’anthrax, et de méningite, qui peuvent toutes affecter les enfants de manière disproportionnée. Cette note stratégique examine pourquoi, quand et comment faire participer les enfants aux étapes de prévention, de riposte et de rétablissement. S’appuyant sur des documents publiés et la littérature grise, y compris des rapports de projet, ainsi que sur la vaste expérience des auteurs, elle fournit des orientations visant à soutenir la conception et l’élaboration de stratégies de communication et d’engagement adaptées aux enfants liées aux flambées épidémiques. La note stratégique traite des initiatives impliquant des enfants et des adolescents âgés de moins de 18 ans et recommande trois niveaux de participation. Les organisations et les professionnels peuvent sélectionner un niveau en fonction des objectifs organisationnels, des ressources et de la volonté de collaborer avec les enfants.
ANALISIS SEKTOR EKONOMI BASIS TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DI PROVINSI JAWA TIMUR (PENDEKATAN INPUT-OUTPUT)
Authors: Juansyah Dhemmi , Jumiati Aisah , Lestari Endah Kurnia
Published: June 2024

Base sector is an economic sector thet serve the market’s demand in the region and outside the region. Location Quotient analysis tool is needed to seek the base economic sector in East Java Province. After that, The base sector will be analyzed using analytical tools like direct forward linkage, direct backward linkage, output multiplier and income multiplier. The result of this research are Manufacturing Sector; Wholesale and Retail Trade, Repair of Motor Vehicles and Motorcyles Sector; and Transportation Sector is the base sector in East Java Province. Through linkage impact, The three base sectors in East Java Province have an important role in increasing the output of other economic sectors. Through multiplier effect the three basic sectors of East Java Province contributed greatly to output growth and increased household income.
The PRESCRIPTIVE ON THE IMPACT OF FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND EXPORTS IN INDONESIA
Authors: Faiza Laila Niswatul , Wardhono Adhitya , Yuliati Lilis
Published: June 2024

Export activities contribute to economic development so it is necessary to make various efforts to increase exports in a country. Exports are influenced by factors that become a country's comparative advantage in conducting international trade. The superior factor discussed in this journal is the development of the financial sector. An advanced financial sector can reduce industrial exporters' barriers to exporting, especially barriers to funding and shipping. This research aims to look at the impact of financial development on exports in Indonesia. This research uses descriptive analysis methods. The results of the descriptive analysis show that the increase in financial development is not accompanied by an increase in exports in Indonesia which is due to a lack of channeling funds to the exporter sector and there are obstacles to carrying out export activities.
Social demands and historiographical production. Writing on the history of the brazilian student movement from two experiences in the brazilian present time
Authors: Müller Angélica
Published: June 2024

The article shows how a  significant part of Brazilian historiographical production on the student movement from the 2000s onwards was performed thanks (and in response) to two different moments in our recent history that resulted from the social demand for memory, truth, and justice: the first, the development of the Student Movement Memory Project (Projeto Memória do Movimento Estudantil) in the early 2000s; the second is the period since the establishment of the National Truth Commission (Comissão Nacional da Verdade), in 2012. In order to do this, there is an introductory overview of the first works from the 1980s, focusing on the study of the National Union of Students in the 1960s, to show how research on SM became more comprehensive (and more in-depth), especially through the expansion and opening of archives, notably in the construction of oral collections. The main analysis focuses on the presentation and development of these two initiatives. Finally, the article makes some considerations about this overview by signaling some connections between social demand and historiographic production, which is characteristic of the history of the present time, and pointing out themes and study objec that are still worthy of further investigation.
Justicia con algoritmos e Inteligencia Artificial, ¿acuerpando garantías y derechos procesales o liquidándolos?
Authors: Barona Vilar Silvia
Published: June 2024

La dataización de la vida, de la sociedad, en el siglo XXI se ha convertido en una realidad indiscutible, alcanzando igualmente a la algoritmización de la Justicia. Los retos y los riesgos son enormes y el panorama que se presenta es complejo. Asistimos a una cada vez mayor “hibridación” de la Justicia: las máquinas ylos humanos interaccionan, los algoritmos asisten a los operadores jurídicos, se crean sistemas complementarios de las decisiones de jueces, fiscales, abogados, notarios, etc., si bien, cada vez más, caminamos hacia la sustitución progresiva del ser humano en la Justicia por las máquinas, por los robots. El dilema de la Justicia está presente. Hay que evitar el desequilibrio, las desigualdades, la brecha digital, la aminoración de garantías, la conversión de Justicia en el frío dato estadístico-matemático, que pervierta el modelo de Justicia humano; un modelo con falencias pero que ha venido construyéndose desde el respeto a los derechos y garantías.
Ángeles Solanes Corella, ¿Castigar o premiar? Las sanciones positivas
Authors: Bea Emilia
Published: June 2024

Este artículo reseña: Ángeles SOLANES CORELLA, ¿Castigar o premiar? Las sanciones positivas,Tirant lo Blanch, Valencia, 2023, 320 pp.
Supplementation with a cranberry extract favors the establishment of butyrogenic guilds in the human fermentation SHIME system
Authors: Cattero Valentina , Roussel Charlène , Lessard-Lord Jacob , Roy Denis , Desjardins Yves
Published: June 2024

Background: Proanthocyanidins (PAC) and oligosaccharides from cranberry exhibit multiple bioactive health properties and persist intact in the colon post-ingestion. They display a complex bidirectional interaction with the microbiome, which varies based on both time and specific regions of the gut; the nature of this interaction remains inadequately understood. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the impact of cranberry extract on gut microbiota ecology and function.

Methods: We studied the effect of a cranberry extract on six healthy participants over a two-week supplementation period using the ex vivo artificial fermentation system TWIN-M-SHIME to replicate luminal and mucosal niches of the ascending and transverse colon.

Results: Our findings revealed a significant influence of cranberry extract supplementation on the gut microbiota ecology under ex vivo conditions, leading to a considerable change in bacterial metabolism. Specifically, Bifidobacterium adolescentis (B. adolescentis ) flourished in the mucus of the ascending colon, accompanied by a reduced adhesion of Proteobacteria . The overall bacterial metabolism shifted from acetate to propionate and, notably, butyrate production following PAC supplementation. Although there were variations in microbiota modulation among the six donors, the butyrogenic effect induced by the supplementation remained consistent across all individuals. This metabolic shift was associated with a rise in the relative abundance of several short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacterial genera and the formation of a consortium of key butyrogenic bacteria in the mucus of the transverse colon.

Conclusions: These observations suggest that cranberry extract supplementation has the potential to modulate the gut microbiota in a manner that may promote overall gut health.
El Athletic Club embajador oficioso ante la Santa Sede durante el pontificado de Pío XII
Authors: Fullana Puigserver Pere , Dieguez Alejandro Mario
Published: June 2024

En este trabajo profundizamos la conexión entre deporte, política y religión, y para ello partimos de un momento y un caso concreto como es el del Athletic Club, y su vinculación al franquismo y a la Santa Sede, a mediados de la década de 1950. El estudio se centra en la audiencia del papa Pío XII al club en el Vaticano (directivos, jugadores y familiares), el discurso y la recepción del acto en 1956, y el homenaje posterior al pontífice en el estadio de San Mamés en mayo de 1958. Los hechos y la documentación generada permiten analizar la construcción y el papel de los deportistas como embajadores y propagandistas de unos valores y unas propuestas políticas sociales muy concretas. Los hechos tienen lugar en una coyuntura de apertura y de legitimación del régimen como consecuencia de los acuerdos entre la Santa Sede y el Estado español, y en el marco de las nuevas competiciones futbolísticas internacionales que van a poner a los equipos españoles en el centro de interés europeo.
Embajadores y atletas: Deporte, relaciones internacionales y diplomacia en el siglo XX, una nueva aproximación desde la Historia del Deporte
Authors: Simón Sanjurjo Juan Antonio
Published: June 2024

Este número especial de la revista Materiales para la Historia del Deporte está centrado en el estudio de las relaciones internacionales y el deporte desde una perspectiva historiográfica, y tiene como uno de sus principales objetivos el presentar a los lectores un conjunto de investigaciones novedosas que plantean un debate transnacional, centrado en temáticas que no habían reclamado hasta este momento la atención de los especialistas.En los últimos años, se ha podido apreciar un aumento exponencial en el número de publicaciones que tienen en el estudio de la intersección entre el deporte, la diplomacia y las relaciones internacionales su objeto de estudio. Como ejemplo de esta tendencia, podemos señalar que una búsqueda a principios del 2024 en el sitio web de la prestigiosa revista de historia del deporte The International Journal of the History of Sport, utilizando los descriptores ["sport diplomacy" OR "olympic diplomacy" OR "international relations"], ofrecía como resultado un total de 339 artículos, de los que 256 habían aparecido publicados en esta revista entre el 2010 y el 2023.Esta tendencia internacional ha tenido también un importante impacto, aunque más ralentizado, en el caso español, pudiendo afirmarse que en estos momentos disfruta de un periodo de gran crecimiento. Este desarrollo se pudo constatar en el último congreso organizado por la Asociación de Historia Contemporánea (AHC) en septiembre del 2023, en el que los historiadores Santiago de Pablo Contreras y André Gounot coordinaron un taller sobre historia del deporte en el que se presentaron trece ponencias. Es muy indicativo de esta nueva orientación, que seis de estas presentaciones estuvieron específicamente centradas en la historia del deporte y las relaciones internacionales. Pese a todo, todavía se puede observar que son muy pocos los investigadores que han abordado el estudio de esta temática en gran parte de los países que componen la zona sur y el este de Europa, así como en Latinoamérica.
Estilos de afrontamiento y bienestar en profesores universitarios: periodo post del COVID-19
Authors: Calderón Ordóñez Angelica , Esquinca Moreno Armando , Estrada Lázaro Bertha
Published: June 2024

Ante los cambios sufridos por la población en la postpandemia, se abordan sus efectos en los estilos de afrontamiento y bienestar en docentes de instituciones de educación superior (IES) como formadores de ciudadanos y futuros profesionistas que enfrentaron cambios significativos en la educación. Se analizaron los estilos de afrontamiento más utilizados por docentes de IES y su relación con la percepción de bienestar y otras variables sociodemográficas, empleando un diseño transversal correlacional en una muestra de 203 docentes del estado de Chihuahua, mediante la Escala de Brief Cope y la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida. Los valores más altos se encontraron en afrontamiento activo, planeación y aceptación, indicando que 38.90% de los participantes están altamente satisfechos con la vida. Así mismo, las variables demográficas se correlacionan a pesar de situaciones que atravesó la población, evidenciando estilos de afrontamiento más utilizados y su efecto positivo en la percepción de bienestar.
Распространение вариантов вируса SARS-COV-2, вызывающих интерес (VOI) и находящихся под наблюдением (VUM), на основе количества их геномов, депонированных в базу данных GISAID за неделю с 8 по 14 июня 2024 г.
Authors: Дмитриева Людмила , Чумачкова Елена , Краснов Ярослав , Осина Наталья , Зимирова Анастасия , Иванова Александра , Карнаухов Игорь , Караваева Татьяна , Щербакова Светлана , Кутырев Владимир
Published: June 2024

В обзоре представлена информация по циркулирующим в настоящее время вариантам вируса SARS-COV-2 Omicron вызывающих интерес (VOI) и находящихся под наблюдением (VUM), геномные последовательности которых размещены в международной базе данных GISAID за неделю с 8 по 14 июня 2024 г.
Анализ динамики эпидемического процесса COVID-19 в мире за неделю с 08.06.2024 г. по 14.06.2024 г.
Authors: Зимирова Анастасия , Поспелов Михаил , Иванова Александра , Дмитриева Людмила , Чумачкова Елена , Карнаухов Игорь , Щербакова Светлана , Кутырев Владимир
Published: June 2024

В обзоре представлен анализ эпидемиологической ситуации в странах мира по COVID-19 за неделю с 08.06.2024 г. по 14.06.2024 г.
Acceptability and feasibility randomized controlled trial of a digital psychological support intervention for people with Parkinson’s disease: trial protocol
Authors: Pinto Cathryn , Brown Jennie , Hurt Catherine , Norton Sam , Stumpf Simone , Volpato Ricardo , Cubi-Molla Patricia , Chowdhury Sulayman , McCracken Lance , Bogosian Angeliki
Published: June 2024

Background. People with Parkinson’s disease can experience psychological distress and have difficulties accessing face-to-face psychological support due to symptom burden and limited availability of psychological services. Digital options for psychological support can bridge this gap. We have developed an app based on Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) to support people with Parkinson’s to improve psychological wellbeing.
Aim. To assess the acceptability of the app and the feasibility of conducting a randomised controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate the effectiveness of using the app to improve wellbeing for people with Parkinson’s.
Methods. We will conduct a parallel-group randomised controlled feasibility trial comparing a digital app based on ACT (intervention group) to usual care (waitlist control group). We will recruit 60 people with Parkinson’s, 40 to the intervention group and 20 to the control group. Primary feasibility outcomes include recruitment and retention rate, intervention engagement and satisfaction. Secondary outcomes include measures of clinical effectiveness (anxiety and depression), quality of life, and cost-effectiveness. Interviews will be conducted to assess acceptability of the app. Primary feasibility outcome data will be analysed descriptively and compared against pre-defined feasibility criteria. Secondary outcomes will be analysed based on an intention-to-treat principle and a cost-consequence analysis will be used to estimate cost-effectiveness. Interviews will be analysed using a deductive thematic analysis based on the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability.
Discussion. This trial will provide data on the feasibility of conducting a full-scale RCT of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the app to improve psychological wellbeing for people with Parkinson’s disease.
Trial registration: The trial has been registered in the ISRCTN registry (65177345 https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN65177345)
FEM-Net: Industrial Surface Defect Detection Network Based on Feature Enhancement and Efficient Multiscale Feature Fusion
Authors: duan zhenhui , Wang Yuting , Zhao Shilong
Published: June 2024

Industrial defect detection methods based on deep learning can reduce the cost of traditional manual quality checks and improve the accuracy and efficiency of testing. However, in industrial inspection scenarios, problems such as complex industrial image texture backgrounds, low contrast, and significant changes in defect size challenge existing industrial inspection networks. To solve the above problems, an industrial surface defect detection network (FEM-Net) based on feature enhancement and efficient multiscale feature fusion is proposed. Firstly, a new lightweight feature extraction network is designed in this paper. (LFNNet) to reduce the number of parameters and calculation costs of the model, while introducing a cascading channel space attention module (CSM) to pay more attention to the location of defective features of industrial products. Secondly, to improve the texture background complex small target detection and enhance the characterization of the target feature, a multi-level feature enhancement module (MFEM) is proposed to fully capture the target object’s context information and global relationship. Finally, an efficient multiscale feature fusion network (EMF-Net) is designed to effectively blend the characteristics of each layer extracted from the backbone network. Use the Adaptive Weighted Feature Fusion Module (AFM) to integrate features at multiple adjacent levels before entering the detector to mitigate fusion differences between multiscale features. The experimental results show that the FEM-Net network obtained 94.4% and 98.8% mAP @.5 on the NEU steel and PCB datasets, respectively, compared with the mainstream target detector.
Proton Pump Inhibitor as Proxy for Increased Dementia Risk
Authors: Hauzer Michael , Abashi Eman , Alperin Mordechai
Published: June 2024

Background
Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use has increased, raising concerns about potential long-term side effects such as increased dementia risk in older adults. Elucidating this relationship is critical for informing clinical prescribing practices.
Methods
This retrospective cohort study analyzed the electronic medical records of Israeli HMO patients aged 50–75 years who were prescribed PPIs. The cumulative purchased PPI dose was calculated for long-term users (upper quartile), occasional users (lower quartile), and one-time users. Dementia diagnoses and medications were compared between groups.
Results
Over an average follow-up of 8.8 years, long-term PPI users had dementia diagnosis rates of 7.26% and dementia medication rates of 6.26%, compared to combined rates of 4.77% and 3.86%, respectively, in the control groups over 11.6 and 8.9 years. The hazard ratios between long-term users and controls were 1.24 and 1.13, respectively.
Conclusions
Long-term PPI use was significantly associated with increased dementia incidence. Our findings highlight the need for careful consideration and monitoring of long-term PPI prescribing in older adults. Further research should explore potential mechanisms and confounding factors to elucidate the PPI-dementia relationship and guide appropriate prescribing practices. Health policymakers should consider using long-term PPI prescriptions as a proxy to identify at-risk individuals and offer tailored approaches to reduce the risk of dementia and mortality.
Salivary Features of Periodontitis and Gingivitis in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Ebersole Jeffrey L. , Kirakodu Sreenatha S. , Zhang Xiaohua D. , III Dolph Dawson , Miller Craig S.
Published: June 2024

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with cellular abnormalities, tissue and organ dysfunctions, and periodontitis. This investigation examined the relationship between the oral microbiome and salivary biomarkers in T2DM patients with or without periodontitis. This cohort (35–80 years) included systemically healthy non-periodontitis (NP; n = 31), T2DM without periodontitis (DWoP; n = 32) and T2DM with periodontitis (DWP; n = 29). The oral microbiome [Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs)] (16s rRNA sequencing) and targeted host salivary biomarkers (immunoassays) were assessed. We identified 47 OTUs that were significantly different in abundance between NP samples and any disease subset or between disease subgroups. The most unique microbiome patterns were observed in the DWP group. Differences in genera/species abundance were also observed when T2DM patients were stratified by extent of periodontal inflammation and disease (i.e., generalized versus localized gingivitis/periodontitis). Salivary biomarkers showed significant elevations in MMP-8, MMP-9, resistin, IL-1β, IL-6, IFNα, and BAFF (THFSR13b) comparing generalized to localized periodontitis. Salivary analytes showed significant positive correlations with specific microbiome members, predominantly in DWP patients. Odds ratio analyses reinforced that a panel of biologic markers (IL-6, MMP-8) and bacteria (e.g., Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria, Spirochaetes) discriminated the severity and extent of periodontal disease in this diabetic population.
HR3/RORα-mediated cholesterol sensing regulates TOR signaling
Authors: Rewitz Kim , Lassen Mette , Pardee Keith , Pedersen Lisa , Kubrak Olga , Koyama Takashi , Necakov Aleksandar , Liu Suya , Kuksis Arnis , Lajoie Gilles , Edwards Aled , Teleman Aurelio , Larsen Martin , Krause Henry , Texada Michael
Published: June 2024

Cells and organisms adjust their growth based on the availability of cholesterol, which is essential for cellular functions. However, the mechanisms by which cells sense cholesterol levels and translate these into growth signals are not fully understood. We report that cholesterol rapidly activates the master growth-regulatory TOR pathway in Drosophilatissues. We identify the nuclear receptor HR3, an ortholog of mammalian RORα, as an essential factor in cholesterol-induced TOR activation. We demonstrate that HR3 binds cholesterol and promotes TOR pathway activation through a non-genomic mechanism acting upstream of the Rag GTPases. Similarly, we find that RORα is necessary for cholesterol-mediated TOR activation in human cells, suggesting that HR3/RORα represents a conserved mechanism for cholesterol sensing that couples cholesterol availability to TOR-pathway activity. These findings advance our understanding of how cholesterol influences cell growth, with implications for cholesterol-related diseases and cancer.
Therapeutic efficacy of a synthetic brain-targeted H 2 S donor cross-linked nanomicells in ASD rats via aerobic glycolysis
Authors: Zhang Changmei , Yang Lingyuan , Wang Feng , Liu Mingyuan , Liu Zehui , Shen Zibo , Zou Mingyang , Wu Lijie
Published: June 2024

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) presents cognitive and social deficits with a lacking brain-targeted medication landscape, notably in nanomedicine. Here, we introduce a novel brain-targeted H2S donor cross-linked nanomicelles named mannose-PEG600-lipoic acid (Man-LA). Man-LA exhibit enhanced stability and precise brain delivery through interaction with glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) in astrocytes, facilitating gradual H2S release modulated by glutathione (GSH). In vivo, Man-LA improve symptoms of ASD by correlating with increased expression of aerobic glycolysis enzymes, lactate production, and H2S levels, while also preventing damage to hippocampal neurons. In vitro, Man-LA tightly bind to Aldh3b1 in astrocytes, upregulating its expression and promoting aerobic glycolysis and enhanced lactate production. Collectively, these findings suggest a link between ASD deficits and dysregulated astrocytic aerobic glycolysis, highlighting H2S's role. Notably, the identification of Aldh3b1 gene within aerobic glycolysis pathways presents a promising new target for ASD treatment.
Mechanisms involving the facilitation of the remediation of Cr(VI) contaminated soil by bacteria-loaded biochar
Authors: Huang Mingyu , Luo Xierong , Shi Yu , Chen J
Published: June 2024

The combination of biochar and bacteria can effectively remediate Cr(VI)-contaminated soils. However, the synergistic mechanisms remain unclear and require further investigation. In this study, we investigate the effects of a combination of biochar and Pseudomonas sp. The effects of AN-B15 on Cr(VI) transformation, soil biochemical properties, and soil microbiome are investigated, and the results show that biochar facilitated bacterial Cr(VI) removal from a solution. Specifically, the Cr(VI) removal rates by biochar are 54.44% and 42.78%, which show improvements of 14% and 20.58% by the combination of biochar and strain AN-B15 in solutions with 50 and 100 mg/L Cr(VI), respectively. Moreover, soil incubation experiments show that the bacteria-loaded biochar remediated Cr (VI)-contaminated soil more effectively than biochar or strain AN-B15 alone. Alkaline digestion shows that the amendment of 5% bacteria-loaded biochar facilitates 33.5% total soil Cr(VI) removal compared with treatment without any addition. In general, the synergistic mechanisms can be summarized as either direct or indirect immobilization. Regarding direct reduction, biochar immobilizes Cr(VI) by adsorption and abiotically reduction, which protects bacteria under the stress of Cr(VI) and enhances bacterial Cr(VI) reduction to soluble organo-Cr(III). Regarding indirect immobilization, bacteria-loaded biochar improves the soil biochemical properties, which are beneficial to Cr(VI) reduction. Moreover, bacteria-loaded biochar immobilized Cr(VI) by impacting soil bacterial communities, which increases the relative abundance of indigenous helpful bacteria to improve soil quality and reduce Cr(VI). Notably, Nocardioides is a key genus in the decline of Cr(VI) into organically integrated Cr in soil. This study deepens our understanding of the transformation of soil Cr(VI) by bacteria-loaded biochar and can contribute to the optimization of Cr(VI) remediation strategies.
Gene-Engineered S. oneidensis MR-1 for In Situ Hirudin Production and Modulation of Lactate Catabolism to Combat Atherosclerosis
Authors: Cheng WeiYi , He Li , Ren WeiYe , Xie XiaoWei , Chen JingQuan , Jin ZheNi , Bao Dandan , Wei Yinghui , Piao Ji-Gang
Published: June 2024

Atherosclerotic plaques are situated in the arterial intima. The rapid blood flow and high shear stress impede the adhesion of drug carriers to endothelial cells and their accumulation in plaques. Therefore, ensuring effective drug delivery and optimal accumulation within plaques is essential. The discovery of bacteria within atherosclerotic plaques and the rapid progress in bacterial therapies have sparked interest in utilizing bacteria as potential therapeutic agents for atherosclerosis. In this study, we developed a genetically engineered anaerobic bacterium, Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, incorporating a plasmid encoding the hirudin gene and green fluorescent protein (GFP). This system retains the targeting ability of S. oneidensis MR-1 to hypoxic regions and selectively triggers the release of hirudin under acidic conditions, leading to drug accumulation at the plaque site. By modulating foam cell metabolism and dissolving thrombi within damaged plaques, it effectively inhibits the progression of atherosclerosis. Our findings demonstrate that SO@AHG serves as an innovative and precise treatment modality for atherosclerosis, paving the way for bacterial-targeted therapy in cardiovascular disease.
Distribution and Sequential Fractionation of Fe and Mn with depth of Sundarban Mangrove Wetland Soils of Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Md. Faruque , PARVEEN ZAKIA
Published: June 2024

Metals in soil are distributed among several geochemical forms, which influence its solubility, mobility and toxicity in soil and ground-water systems. In this study, the distribution of Fe and Mn in different soil fractions, their behavior and potential effects of soil contamination were investigated with respect to soil properties of Sundarban Mangrove Forest (SMF) wetlands. Soil samples (surface and subsurface) were collected from ten locations of SMF and were analyzed by the sequential extraction procedure to solubilize the Fe and Mn in exchangeable (Exch.), organically bound (OrgB), Mn-oxide bound (MnOB), amorphous Fe-oxide bound (AFeOB), crystalline Fe-oxide bound (CrFeOB) and residual (Res.) fractions. Results obtained from this study showed that pH of the soils was slightly to moderately alkaline in nature except Jamtola soil and there was a slight change of pH (6.12–8.09) in SMF soils. The textural class, organic matter, clay, CEC and Eh of Sundarban soils ranged from silt loam to clay loam, 2.15 ± 0.04% to 13.90 ± 0.11%, 6.63–32.81%, 18.68 ± 0.07 mV to 6.51 ± 0.21 mV and + 2.7 ± 2.11 mV to -98.6 ± 1.49mV, respectively. Moreover, the concentrations of total Fe and Mn varied significantly and ranged from 20,137.5 ± 232.5 µg g− 1 to 33,960 ± 1656.8 µg g− 1, 335.55 ± 2.5 µg g− 1 to 665.05 ± 35 µg g− 1, respectively. The highest contents of iron and manganese are found in Kotka area. In all the studied soils, Fe was associated with Res. fraction (55–73%) followed by CrFeOB, AFeOB and other fractions. The concentrations of Mn in the studied soils are primarily associated with Res. (29–58%) and MnOB (5–29%) fractions followed by CrFeOB > AFeOB > OrgB > Exch. sequence. Extremely high association of these two elements in residual fraction reveals no significant contamination. The findings may allow the evaluation of soil management techniques to limit mobility and plant availability of microelements and to minimize their transfer into the food chain.
The value of net influx constant based on FDG PET/CT dynamic imaging in the differential diagnosis of metastatic from non-metastatic lymph nodes in lung cancer
Authors: Wumener Xieraili , Zhang Yarong , Zang Zihan , Ye Xiaoxing , Zhao Jiuhui , Zhao Jun , Liang Ying
Published: June 2024

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the value of the dynamic and static quantitative metabolic parameters derived from 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/CT (PET/CT) in the differential diagnosis of metastatic from non-metastatic lymph nodes (LNs) in lung cancer and to validate them based on the results of a previous study.
Methods: One hundred and twenty-one patients with lung nodules or masses detected on chest CT scan underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT dynamic + static imaging with informed consent. A retrospective collection of 126 LNs in 37 patients with lung cancer was pathologically confirmed. Static image analysis parameters including LN-SUVmax and LN-SUVmax/primary tumor SUVmax (LN-SUVmax/PT-SUVmax). Dynamic metabolic parameters including the net influx rate (Ki) and the surrogate of perfusion (K1) and of each LN were obtained by applying the irreversible two-tissue compartment model using in-house Matlab software. Ki /K1 was then calculated as a separate marker. Based on the pathological findings we divided into a metastatic group and a non-metastatic group. The c2-test was used to evaluate the agreement of the individual and combined diagnosis of each metabolic parameter with the gold standard. The Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed for each parameter to determine the diagnostic efficacy in differentiating non-metastatic from metastatic LNs with high FDG-avid. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Among the 126 FDG-avid LNs confirmed by pathology, 70 LNs were metastatic, and 56 LNs were non-metastatic. For ROC analysis, in separate assays, the dynamic metabolic parameter Ki [sensitivity (SEN) of 84.30%, specificity (SPE) of 94.60%, accuracy of 88.89% and AUC of 0.895] had a better diagnostic value than the static metabolic parameter SUVmax (SEN of 82.90%, SPE of 62.50%, accuracy of 74.60%, and AUC of 0.727) in differentiating between metastatic from non-metastatic LNs groups, respectively. In the combined diagnosis group, the combined SUVmax+Ki diagnosis had a better diagnostic value in the differential diagnosis of metastatic from non-metastatic LNs, with SEN, SPE, accuracy and AUC of 84.3%, 94.6%, 88.89%, and 0.907, respectively.
Conclusion: When the cut-off value of the Ki was 0.022 ml/g/min, it had a high diagnostic value in the differential diagnosis between metastasis and non-metastasis in FDG-avid LNs of lung cancer, especially in improving the specificity. The combination of SUVmax and Ki is expected to be a reliable metabolic parameter for N-staging of lung cancer.