bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analog Circuit of Light Detector for CMOS Image Sensor
Authors: Marzuki Arjuna , Mustaffa Mohd Tafir , Noh Norlaili Mohd. , Saibon Basir
Published: July 2018

Plant phenotyping studies represent a challenge in agriculture application. The studies normally employ CMOS optical and image sensor. One of the most difficult challenges in designing the CMOS sensor is the need to achieve good sensitivity while achieving low noise and low power simultaneously for the sensor. At low power, the CMOS amplifier in the sensor is normally having a lower gain, and it becomes even worse when the frequency of the interest is in the vicinity of flicker noise region. Using conventional topology such as folded cascode will result in the CMOS amplifier having high gain, but with the drawback of high power. Hence, there is a need for a new approach that improves the sensitivity of the CMOS sensor while achieving low power. The objective of this chapter is to update CMOS sensors and to introduce a modified light integrating circuit which is suitable for CMOS image sensor.
Surface Measurement Techniques in Machine Vision
Authors: Real Oscar Real , Castro-Toscano Moises J. , Rodríguez-Quiñonez Julio Cesar , Serginyenko Oleg , Hernández-Balbuena Daniel , Rivas-Lopez Moises , Flores-Fuentes Wendy , Lindner Lars
Published: July 2018

Surface measurement systems (SMS) allow accurate measurements of surface geometry for three-dimensional computational models creation. There are cases where contact avoidance is needed; these techniques are known as non-contact surface measurement techniques. To perform non-contact surface measurements there are different operating modes and technologies, such as lasers, digital cameras, and integration of both. Each SMS is classified by its operation mode to get the data, so it can be divided into three basic groups: point-based techniques, line-based techniques, and area-based techniques. This chapter provides useful information about the different types of non-contact surface measurement techniques, theory, basic equations, system implementation, actual research topics, engineering applications, and future trends. This chapter is particularly valuable for students, teachers, and researchers that want to implement a vision system and need an introduction to all available options in order to use the most convenient for their purpose.
The Relationship Between Globalization and Income Distribution
Authors: Doğan Buhari , Can Muhlis
Published: July 2018

Income inequality is a major economic problem in many countries, and it is clear that numerous parameters affect income distribution. In this study, the effects of globalization on income distribution were examined in the contexts of South Korea and the Kuznets curve between 1970 and 2010. The cointegration test of the series was carried out using the Maki approach, which considers multiple structural breaks. The cointegration test indicated the series moved together in the long term. The long-term analysis indicated that globalization first reduces income inequality and then increases it in a U-shaped relationship. In the short-term analysis, it was found that the error correction term was negative and statistically significant. In this context, it is crucial that policy makers develop policies that minimize the impact of globalization on income inequality; otherwise, social and economic distortions will increase with the increase in globalization, which will cause different socioeconomic problems.
Potential Changes in the Demand and Supply Sides in the Construction Industry
Authors: Sertyesilisik Begum
Published: July 2018

Sustainability of the economy depends on the reduction of the environmental footprint of the supply and demand as economy relies on the production enabled by natural resources. The construction industry is one of the major industries influencing sustainable and social development. The construction industry and the built environment, however, have important environmental footprints. Therefore, the demand and supply sides in the construction industry must be transformed into more sustainable ones. Furthermore, the principles and emerging concepts of sustainable and innovative economy need to be adopted by the construction industry. Based on an in-depth literature review, this chapter focuses on the integration and impacts of the emerging concepts for the sustainable and innovative economy in the construction industry. This chapter is expected to be useful for academics, graduate and undergraduate students, researchers, policymakers, and construction industry professionals.
A Green Energy Management Framework for Software Development Firms
Authors: Sambhanthan Arunasalam
Published: July 2018

This chapter documents a green energy management framework for software development companies. An initial framework has been constructed through analyzing the reports of large scale software development firms. The key components of the framework consist of energy sources and energy efficiency, energy-efficient heating, energy-efficient lighting, and energy-efficient cooling. These themes include a number of sub-themes and criteria therein which are used to build the green energy management framework and then utilized for constructing the research questions for further data collection. The results highlight the most efficient energy sources, efficient heating measures and technologies, efficient lighting measures, and technologies as well as efficient cooling measures and technologies. Implications for practice have been suggested at the end of the chapter.
Production Method of Readable Tactile Map With Vocal Guidance Function for the Visually Impaired
Authors: Doi Kouki , Nishimura Takahiro
Published: July 2018

Braille/tactile maps are one of the most traditional tools that guarantee information accessibility for children and people with visual impairment. Silk screen printing method, which is employed as one of the traditional production methods of producing Braille/tactile maps, are becoming more and more popular. However, the printing quality requires further improvements. On the other hand, when using a tactile map, it is not easy for visually impaired persons to acquire spatial information based on only tactile sense. Therefore, a convenient technology that allows the acquisition of tactile map information with voice in addition to tactile sense is desired. Thus, in this chapter, an original production method of tactile maps for public facilities that has high readability and voice technology to guarantee information accessibility is introduced. And a production method for tactile maps of public facilities with vocal guidance function to improve the readability of Braille/tactile map is mentioned based on a trial example.
Information and Communication Technology Adoption in SMEs in Sri Lanka; Current level of ICT Usage and Perceived Barriers
Authors: Athapaththu Jayani Chamarika , Nishantha Busige
Published: July 2018

Information communication technology (ICT), considered as one of the major impacts of organizational performance and small and medium enterprises (SMEs), plays a significant role in the Sri Lankan economy as a strategic partner. Thus, the article examines current levels of ICT usage and perceived barriers to ICT adoption in SMEs in Sri Lanka. The findings revealed that despite the majority of respondents using IT for essential functions, they lacked proper internal IT infrastructures, personal motivation, had internet connection issues, trust issues, and lack of knowledge. These factors were identified as the perceived barriers to ICT adoption in SMEs in Sri Lanka. Data was collected from 67 SME owners from Sri Lanka, except the North province, in November 2016. The findings offer valuable insights to policy makers in general and to the SME owners. The methodology, implications, and suggestions are also discussed.
Capacitor Placement in Radial Distribution System Using Oppositional Cuckoo Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Sultana Sneha , Roy Provas Kumar
Published: July 2018

Capacitors in distribution systems are used to supply reactive power to minimize power loss. This article presents an efficient optimization algorithm named oppositional cuckoo optimization algorithm (OCOA) for optimal allocation of capacitor in radial distribution systems to determine the optimal locations and sizes of capacitors with an objective of reduction of total cost considering different constraints. To test feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed OCOA, it is applied on 22-bus, 69-bus, 85-bus and 141-bus radial distribution systems as test studies and the results are compared with other methods available in literature. Comparison between the proposed method in this article and similar methods in other research works shows the effectiveness of the proposed method for solving optimum capacitor planning problem in radial distribution system.
 Índice tornozelo-braquial e fatores de risco cardiovascular em profissionais de enfermagem/ Ankle-braquial index and cardiovascular risk factors in nursing professionals
Authors: Motta Katharine Pedra , Rocha Nathany Alves , Maia Ludmila Grego , Da Silva Luiz Almeida , Pelazza Bruno Bordin , Martins Marlene Andrade
Published: July 2018

Estudo transversal no qual foram avaliados 94 trabalhadores de enfermagem da rede pública de saúde. O objetivo foi identificar a prevalência da alteração da medida do índice tornozelo-braquial e fatores de risco cardiovascular em trabalhadores de enfermagem. Os aspectos éticos foram atendidos. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de entrevista com roteiro estruturado. A prevalência da medida de ITB alterada foi de 30 (31,9%; IC; 22,3-42,6). Verificou-se que 83% eram técnicos, 91,5% do sexo feminino, idade entre 18 a 45 anos, cor da pele branca, pertencente à classe econômica A/B e com mais de cinco anos de formado. Dos fatores de risco cardiovascular, verificou-se prevalência de histórico familiar de alteração cardiovascular (73,4%), ter mais de quatro fatores de riscos cardiovasculares (73,4%), IMC ≥ 25 kg/m² (68,1%)e apresentar circunferência da cintura com risco moderado a elevado (63,8%). A não realização de atividade física (RP: 2,36; IC95%: 1,29-4,32) foi independentemente associada à alteração da medida de ITB. A coexistência de fatores de risco cardiovascular associados a alterações da medida de ITB nos trabalhadores de enfermagem reporta a necessidade de intervenções na saúde destas pessoas.
 Perfil dos pacientes admitidos em uma unidade de Terapia Intensiva Oncológica/ Profile of patients admitted in a oncological Intensive Therapy Unit
Authors: Cunha Daianny Arrais de Oliveira da , Cunha Robson Lopes da , Santos Mauro Leonardo Salvador Caldeira dos , Oliveira Elaine Machado de , Soares Raquel De Souza , Fuly Patrícia Dos Santos Claro
Published: July 2018

Este estudo objetiva analisar o perfil dos pacientes admitidos em uma unidade de terapia intensiva oncológica. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo de abordagem quantitativa. A coleta de dados foi realizada no período de setembro a dezembro de 2016, através de sistema informatizado utilizado pela instituição. Foram admitidos 55 pacientes durante o período da coleta. A idade variou entre 18 e 80 anos, com média de 55 anos. Em sua maioria, são pacientes com neoplasias gastrointestinais (29,09%), provenientes das enfermarias do hospital (32,73%). No geral, 14,55% receberam cuidados paliativos e a mortalidade total no período foi de 34,55%. A carga de trabalho apresentada foi de 79,04%, traduzida em uma demanda de trabalho de 18 horas e 57 minutos. Houve predomínio do Karnofsky Performance Status 30% (52,73%) e de pacientes com Índice de Comorbidade de Charlson entre 2 e 5 pontos (76,36%). As unidades de terapia intensiva oncológica devem estar preparadas para atuar com pacientes sem possibilidades de cura. A mortalidade não é superior quando comparada a unidades de terapia intensiva de outras especialidades, desmistificando a admissão de pacientes oncológicos em unidades de terapia intensiva.
Myeloid Dendritic Cells Induce HIV Latency in Proliferating CD4+ T Cells
Authors: Kumar Nitasha A. , van der Sluis Renee M. , Mota Talia , Pascoe Rachel , Evans Vanessa A. , Lewin Sharon R. , Cameron Paul U.
Published: July 2018

HIV latency occurs predominantly in long-lived resting CD4+ T cells; however, latent infection also occurs in T cell subsets, including proliferating CD4+ T cells. We compared the establishment and maintenance of latent infection in nonproliferating and proliferating human CD4+ T cells cocultured with syngeneic myeloid dendritic cells (mDC). Resting CD4+ T cells were labeled with the proliferation dye eFluor 670 and cultured alone or with mDC, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, or monocytes in the presence of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). Cells were cultured for 24 h and infected with CCR5-tropic enhanced GFP (EGFP) reporter HIV. Five days postinfection, nonproductively infected EGFP− CD4+ T cells that were either nonproliferating (eFluor 670hi) or proliferating (eFluor 670lo) were sorted and cultured for an additional 7 d (day 12) with IL-7 and antiretrovirals. At day 5 postinfection, sorted, nonproductively infected T cells were stimulated with anti–CD3/CD28, and induced expression of EGFP was measured to determine the frequency of latent infection. Integrated HIV in these cells was confirmed using quantitative PCR. By these criteria, latent infection was detected at day 5 and 12 in proliferating T cells cocultured with mDC and monocytes but not plasmacytoid dendritic cells, where CD4+ T cells at day 12 were poor. At day 5 postinfection, nonproliferating T cells expressing SEB-specific TCR Vβ-17 were enriched in latent infection compared with non–SEB-specific TCR Vβ-8.1. Together, these data show that both nonproliferating and proliferating CD4+ T cells can harbor latent infection during SEB-stimulated T cell proliferation and that the establishment of HIV latency in nonproliferating T cells is linked to expression of specific TCR that respond to SEB.
Targeting Antigen-Specific B Cells Using Antigen-Expressing Transduced Regulatory T Cells
Authors: Zhang Ai-Hong , Yoon Jeongheon , Kim Yong Chan , Scott David W.
Published: July 2018

Controlling immune responses in autoimmunity and to biotherapeutics is an unmet need. In hemophilia, for example, up to one third of patients receiving therapeutic factor VIII (FVIII) infusions develop neutralizing Abs termed “inhibitors.” To address this problem in a mouse model of hemophilia A, we used an Ag-specific regulatory T cell (Treg) approach in which we created a novel B cell–targeting chimeric receptor composed of an FVIII Ag domain linked with the CD28-CD3ζ transmembrane and signaling domains. We termed these “BAR” for B cell–targeting Ab receptors. CD4+CD25hiCD127low human Tregs were retrovirally transduced to express a BAR containing the immunodominant FVIII C2 or A2 domains (C2- and A2-BAR). Such BAR-Tregs specifically suppressed the recall Ab response of spleen cultures from FVIII-immunized mice in vitro and completely prevented anti-FVIII Ab development in response to FVIII immunization. Mechanistic studies with purified B cells and T cells from tolerized or control recipients demonstrated that the FVIII-specific B cells were directly suppressed or anergized, whereas the T cell response remained intact. Taken together, we report in this study a successful proof-of-principle strategy using Ag-expressing Tregs to directly target specific B cells, an approach which could be adapted to address other adverse immune responses as well.
Cutting Edge: Deletion of Ezrin in B Cells of Lyn-Deficient Mice Downregulates Lupus Pathology
Authors: Pore Debasis , Huang Emily , Dejanovic Dina , Parameswaran Neetha , Cheung Michael B. , Gupta Neetu
Published: July 2018

Genetic deletion of the Src family tyrosine kinase Lyn in mice recapitulates human systemic lupus erythematosus, characterized by hyperactive BCR signaling, splenomegaly, autoantibody generation, and glomerulonephritis. However, the molecular regulators of autoimmunity in Lyn-deficient mice and in human lupus remain poorly characterized. In this study, we report that conditional deletion of the membrane–cytoskeleton linker protein ezrin in B cells of Lyn-deficient mice (double knockout [DKO] mice) ameliorates B cell activation and lupus pathogenesis. B cells from DKO mice respond poorly to BCR stimulation, with severe downregulation of major signaling pathways. DKO mice exhibit reduced splenomegaly as well as significantly lower levels of autoantibodies against a variety of autoantigens, including dsDNA, histone, and chromatin. Leukocyte infiltration and deposition of IgG and complement component C3 in the kidney glomeruli of DKO mice are markedly reduced. Our data demonstrate that ezrin is a novel molecular regulator of B cell–associated lupus pathology.
Las “fronteras del desarrollo” en la producción capitalista del espacio en Chile
Authors: Núñez Andrés , Arenas Federico , Sánchez Rafael , Urrutia Santiago
Published: July 2018

El presente artículo expone una investigación referida a la producción capitalista del espacio en Chile en el contexto del actual proceso de globalización. El planteamiento central es que el Estado chileno y su territorialidad han actuado, con notoriedad a partir de la década de los setenta, bajo una lógica de articulación y soporte en relación a una geografía del capital que se moviliza a nivel mundial. Este proceder ha llevado al surgimiento de lo que hemos denominado las "fronteras del desarrollo", cuya característica principal es la reconfiguración de la clásica territorialidad del Estado-nación al configurar espacios tanto nacionales como globales. Estas fronteras del desarrollo representan, como plantea el texto, un ícono clave en la producción capitalista del espacio en Chile al ser territorios que marcan zonas de contacto y apertura global más que clausura nacional.
Natural fire tests in a dormitory with fire protected furniture
Authors: Corrêa Cristiano , Braga George Cajaty , Menezes Roberto Ryanne Ferraz de , Rêgo e Silva José Jéferson , Tabaczenski Roberta , Bezerra Junior José do Carmo , Pires de Oliveira Tiago Ancelmo
Published: July 2018

This article presents a full-scale fire experiment carried out in a dormitory bedroom in the city of Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. The experiment was recorded by thermal and conventional cameras, and temperatures were measured at 24 different points within the environment, making it possible to observe the dynamics and behavior of the fire in detail. Among the objects in the dormitory were two identical bedside tables, one of which was coated with intumescent paint. Particular attention was paid to the behavior of this piece of furniture, which, despite being in direct contact with the flames for more than 20 minutes, did not completely burn. Similar experiments are rare in Brazil and in Latin America as a whole, especially with the use of furniture and locally built structures. Understanding the dynamics of this fire, which very closely resembles many local cases, is therefore important to generate data on thermal behavior and overall understanding of the phenomenon. Regarding the specially-treated piece of furniture, its performance was found to be satisfactory, suggesting that such a protective process for furniture may help inhibit the spread of similar fires.
The influence of urban heat islands and socioeconomic factors on the spatial distribution of Aedes aegypti larval habitats
Authors: De Azevedo Thiago S. , Bourke Brian Patrick , Piovezan Rafael , Sallum Maria Anice M.
Published: July 2018

We addressed the potential associations among the temporal and spatial distribution of larval habitats of Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti, the presence of urban heat islands and socioeconomic factors. Data on larval habitats were collected in Santa Bárbara d’Oeste, São Paulo, Brazil, from 2004 to 2006, and spatial and temporal variations were analysed using a wavelet-based approach. We quantified urban heat islands by calculating surface temperatures using the results of wavelet analyses and grey level transformation from Thematic Mapper images (Landsat 5). Ae. aegypti larval habitats were geo-referenced corresponding to the wavelet analyses to test the potential association between geographical distribution of habitats and surface temperature. In an inhomogeneous spatial point process, we estimated the frequency of occurrence of larval habitats in relation to temperature. The São Paulo State Social Vulnerability Index in the municipality of Santa Barbára d’Oeste was used to test the potential association between presence of larval habitats and social vulnerability. We found abundant Ae. aegypti larval habitats in areas of higher surface temperature and social vulnerability and fewer larval habitats in areas with lower surface temperature and social vulnerability.
Application of decision tree for prediction of cutaneous leishmaniasis incidence based on environmental and topographic factors in Isfahan Province, Iran
Authors: Ramezankhani Roghieh , Sajjadi Nooshin , Nezakati Esmaeilzadeh Roya , Jozi Seyed Ali , Shirzadi Mohammad Reza
Published: July 2018

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is a neglected tropical disease that continues to be a health problem in Iran. Nearly 350 million people are thought to be at risk. We investigated the impact of the environmental factors on CL incidence during the period 2007- 2015 in a known endemic area for this disease in Isfahan Province, Iran. After collecting data with regard to the climatic, topographic, vegetation coverage and CL cases in the study area, a decision tree model was built using the classification and regression tree algorithm. CL data for the years 2007 until 2012 were used for model construction and the data for the years 2013 until 2015 were used for testing the model. The Root Mean Square error and the correlation factor were used to evaluate the predictive performance of the decision tree model. We found that wind speeds less than 14 m/s, altitudes between 1234 and 1810 m above the mean sea level, vegetation coverage according to the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) less than 0.12, rainfall less than 1.6 mm and air temperatures higher than 30°C would correspond to a seasonal incidence of 163.28 per 100,000 persons, while if wind speed is less than 14 m/s, altitude less than 1,810 m and NDVI higher than 0.12, then the mean seasonal incidence of the disease would be 2.27 per 100,000 persons. Environmental factors were found to be important predictive variables for CL incidence and should be considered in surveillance and prevention programmes for CL control.
The use of modern technologies based on telemedicine in wound care: experience in high-tyrrhenian region and the province of Cosenza, Italy
Authors: Giacinto Francesco , Falasconi Ciro , Giacinto Elisabetta , Germano Manuela , Ciuffoletti Domenica
Published: July 2018

Chronic skin wounds (CSW) are a chronic illness that affects a large part of people forced to bed or home for disabling diseases; the chapter of cure and care of patients affected by this pathology represents an important commitment in terms of human and economic resources for the health system and, if not correctly managed, could identify with a threat to the sustainability of the system itself in Italy. The authors present the results of an experimentation carried out using the technologies and tools of Telemedicine with the aim of highlighting the problems and needs of home care of CSW. A telemedicine project was launched in which patients affected by CSW were followed remotely, directly from their home, using tablets and a program (application, APP) for the management of images of the CSW and of the clinical data. Results were compared, in terms of expenditure (number of home medical visits, mileage reimbursements) obtained in the treatment of patients with CSW in two semesters: the first (from October 2016 to April 2016) in which patients were followed in the traditional way and the second (from October 2016 to April 2017) in which the Telemedicine project was used. The data obtained from the study show that the use of the Information Technology and Telemedicine tools in the care of the LCC allows to obtain savings both in economic terms and in terms of time spent, with an improvement in the results and perceived quality of care. For these reasons, this modern possibility of therapeutic approach can represent a secure resource for the sustainability of the system of treatment of this chronic pathology, worthy of further study.
Characterization of apparent GPS ionospheric delay gradients over Canada
Authors: Ghoddousi-Fard R
Published: July 2018

Differential GNSS augmentation systems require reliable knowledge of spatial and temporal variations of ionospheric effects on GNSS measurements. In addition, recent developments in Precise Point Positioning observation models can benefit from ionospheric
constraints from nearby stations. This requires an understating of ionospheric delay spatial de-correlation under different ionospheric conditions.
In this study vertical ionospheric delays estimated from GPS stations in Canada and adjacent regions are employed for studying spatial and temporal ionospheric gradients during periods of quiet and disturbed ionospheric conditions. Ionospheric delay differences at each pair of ionospheric pierce
points from different stations and satellites are used to characterize apparent spatial ionospheric gradients over the studied region. Temporal variations were also studied by differencing vertical ionospheric delays from the same satellite and station over specified
periods.
The number of varieties in a family which contain a rational point
Authors: Loughran Daniel
Published: July 2018

We consider the problem of counting the number of varieties in a family over a number field which contain a rational point. In particular, for products of Brauer–Severi varieties and closely related counting functions associated to Brauer group elements. Using harmonic analysis on toric varieties, we provide a positive answer to a question of Serre on such counting functions in some cases. We also formulate some conjectures on generalisations of Serre’s problem.
Робастный знаковый тест для гипотезы о единичном корне авторегрессии
Authors: Boldin Mixail Vasil'evich
Published: July 2018

Рассматривается модель, в которой наблюдения за авторегрессией $\operatorname{AR}(1)$ содержат грубые ошибки (засорения), распределение которых неизвестно и произвольно. Мы проверяем гипотезу о единичном корне авторегрессии.
В качестве альтернативы тесту наименьших квадратов (в рассматриваемой ситуации он неприменим) предлагается специальный знаковый тест. Установлена его локальная качественная робастность в терминах равностепенной непрерывности мощности.
Introduction
Authors: Hempkin Kirsten , Kukovec Melita , Težak Katja
Published: July 2018

Introduction to the special issue of ELOPE: Addressing Learners’ and Teachers’ Needs: Keeping up with a Changing EFL World.
From Cowpastures to pigs' heads: The development and character of western Sydney
Authors: Gwyther Gabrielle
Published: July 2018

Western Sydney is a region of great diversity and complexity: a patchwork of cultures, language, ethnicity, personal histories, religion, education, income and status. Taking a chronological developmental approach, this paper examines the development of western Sydney, particularly in the postwar period, in an attempt to reveal some of the more oblique foundations contributing to the contemporary character of ‘Western Sydney’ as both a spatial and social signifier of the ‘other’ Sydney.
Lindfield
Authors: Edwards Zeny , Rowland Joan
Published: July 2018

Lindfield was originally the traditional land of the Kuringgai (also spelt Guringai) people. It is located on the north shore, 13 kilometres from central Sydney. The name for the railway station and suburb was taken from Lindfield, meaning a clearing in the lime forest, the name of the cottage built by early resident, Francis John List, in 1884 and later moved to Narrabeen. It is assumed that the house was named after the town of Lindfield in Sussex, England. The suburb is bordered by Treatts and Stanhope roads, Garigal National Park, Carnarvon Street, Chelmsford Avenue and Waimea Road to the east of Pacific Highway, and Bayswater and Provincial roads and Lane Cove National Park to the west. It has an area of 517 hectares.
‘The central focus of my life’: Roselands and Youth Culture in the 1960s
Authors: Bailey Matthew
Published: July 2018

This article explores aspects of the early history of Roselands, a large regional shopping centre built in the municipality of Canterbury in the early 1960s. Evidence is drawn from archival and media sources, as well as an online survey designed to capture the recollections of Sydney residents about the city’s shopping centre history. The article explores the ways in which local youth engaged with the shopping centre, what it meant to them and how they used it. The article further considers how the evidence of this usage might make us reimagine the shopping centre itself, arguing that despite their sheer facades and interiority there is a degree of porousness between local communities and major retail developments.
Introduction to the French GEOTRACES North Atlantic Transect (GA01): GEOVIDE cruise
Authors: Sarthou Géraldine , Lherminier Pascale , Achterberg Eric P. , Alonso-Pérez Fernando , Bucciarelli Eva , Boutorh Julia , Bouvier Vincent , Boyle Edward A. , Branellec Pierre , Carracedo Lidia I. , Casacuberta Nuria , Castrillejo Maxi , Cheize Marie , Contreira Pereira Leonardo , Cossa Daniel , Daniault Nathalie , De Saint-Léger Emmanuel , Dehairs Frank , Deng Feifei , Desprez de Gésincourt Floriane , Devesa Jérémy , Foliot Lorna , Fonseca-Batista Debany , Gallinari Morgane , García-Ibáñez Maribel I. , Gourain Arthur , Grossteffan Emilie , Hamon Michel , Heimbürger Lars Eric , Henderson Gideon M. , Jeandel Catherine , Kermabon Catherine , Lacan François , Le Bot Philippe , Le Goff Manon , Le Roy Emilie , Lefèbvre Alison , Leizour Stéphane , Lemaitre Nolwenn , Masqué Pere , Ménage Olivier , Menzel Barraqueta Jan-Lukas , Mercier Herlé , Perault Fabien , Pérez Fiz F. , Planquette Hélène F. , Planchon Frédéric , Roukaerts Arnout , Sanial Virginie , Sauzède Raphaëlle , Shelley Rachel U. , Stewart Gillian , Sutton Jill N. , Tang Yi , Tisnérat-Laborde Nadine , Tonnard Manon , Tréguer Paul , van Beek Pieter , Zurbrick Cheryl M. , Zunino Patricia
Published: July 2018

Abstract. The GEOVIDE cruise, a collaborative project within the framework of the international GEOTRACES programme, was conducted along the French-led section in the North Atlantic Ocean (Section GA01), between 15 May and 30 June 2014. In this Special Issue, results from GEOVIDE, including physical oceanography and trace element and isotope cyclings, are presented among seventeen articles. Here, the scientific context, project objectives and scientific strategy of GEOVIDE are provided, along with an overview of the main results from the articles published in the special issue.
Los infinitivos independientes en el discurso: hacia una tipología pragmática
Authors: Palmerini Monica
Published: July 2018

El objetivo de este artículo es plantear una propuesta de análisis y de clasificación de las construcciones de infinitivo independiente en español basada en criterios pragmático-discursivos (v. Palmerini, 2007, 2012; Palmerini & Calò, en prensa). Una reseña del panorama de los estudios que abordan, desde varios puntos de vista, el análisis de estos especiales usos (Skydsgaard, 1977; Arjona- Luna Trail, 1980; Hernanz, 1999; RAE, 2009; Pérez Vázquez & Telli, 2012a; Quintero Ramírez, 2013a, 2014a, 2018), donde la forma no personal del infinitivo actúa como predicado ‘independiente’ en el enunciado, acercándose al funcionamiento típico de un verbo flexionado, pone de manifiesto la falta de un enfoque teórico que se centre en la dimensión del empleo en el discurso de estas construcciones y que, al mismo tiempo, procure dar cuenta de forma sistemática del conjunto de los variados usos de los infinitivos independientes observables en español. Para lograr este doble objetivo basamos nuestro análisis en cuatro criterios fundamentales (fuerza predicativa, tipo de acto de habla, contexto discursivo, funciones discursivas), que nos permiten trazar un primer mapa pragmático-discursivo del sistema de los infinitivos independientes, que plantea una revisión de la clasificación tradicional de estas construcciones. El análisis diferencia usos predicativos de usos no predicativos, identifica cuatro tipos de actos de habla (asertivo, performativo, expresivo, directivo) realizados a través de estos recursos gramaticales, y reconoce diferentes especializaciones discursivas asociadas al empleo de estas estructuras en el discurso (enunciar, narrar, explicar, compartir experiencias, etc.). Esta taxonomía llama la atención, entre otras cosas, sobre dos áreas de innovación y de expansión del uso del infinitivo independiente en español (cfr. Palmerini & Calò, en prensa): el caso del infinitivo enunciativo (con valor performativo) y el uso expresivo del infinitivo independiente desarrollado en la comunicación a través de las redes sociales.
Action Research in Vietnamese Schools as a Tool for Teacher Professional Development
Authors: Huy Nguyen Hoang Doan , Anh Nguyen Ngoc Quynh , Dieu Bui Thanh
Published: July 2018

Educational research skill which is considered as a component of professional development competence of Vietnamese teachers, is an indicator of the Vietnamese teacher professional competences standards approved by the Ministry of Education and Training. Many activities have been organizing to enhance the teacher research skills in Vietnamese schools. The article deals with the possibilities of the incorporation of action research – a form of educational research – into teacher professional development; shows a relative status of Vietnamese teachers’ competence on action research; and thus, proposes some orientations on promoting teacher professional development through developing action research skills in Vietnamese schools.
Thou Shalt Kill: A Religious History of the Rifle and the Grenade in America's Great War
Authors: Ebel Jonathan
Published: July 2018

This article examines the intersection of religious ideas and movements with the development of weapons technologies during the First World War, arguing that soldiers' ways of understanding and interacting with the rifle and the grenade were an extension both of the technology as a thing and of its meaning as a sign, and that the latter in particular needs to be woven into religious histories of the American experience of war in general, the Great War in particular.
Los aportes del CICH en materia educativa. Esta temática fue ampliada en el conversatorio con el Lic. Juan Carlos Escobar Baños
Authors: Picardo Joao Oscar
Published: July 2018

No hay resúmenes disponiblesAKADEMOS, Año 11, Vol. 2, No 29, Julio-Diciembre 2017: 77-79
Vasopressin-induced hyponatremia in a patient with pulmonary hypertension and right heart failure treated for septic shock
Authors: Peters Andrew , Brailovsky Yevgeniy , Lakhter Vladimir , Forfia Paul R.
Published: July 2018

We report a case of a 55-year-old woman who developed hyponatremia after the initiation of exogenous vasopressin to treat vasodilatory shock. Discontinuation of exogenous vasopressin therapy, without any other changes in medical therapy or the patient’s condition, led to a rapid correction in the serum sodium level along with a marked increase in urine output. Increased free water retention due to exogenous vasopressin administration may have contributed to hyponatremia in this patient. This case illustrates the potential for vasopressin to have potent and unintended renal and electrolyte effects in patients treated for vasodilatory shock.
Schools as Professional Learning Communities
Authors: Antinluoma Markku , Ilomaki Liisa , Lahti-Nuuttila Pekka , Toom Auli
Published: July 2018

The main objectives in building professional learning communities are to improve teachers’ professionalism and well-being, and create positive impacts on student learning. It is a question of changing the school culture. The main objective of this quantitative study was to investigate the maturity level of thirteen Finnish schools as professional learning communities from the perspectives of school culture, leadership, teaching, and professional development. The participants’ perceptions indicated a culture of collegiality, trust and commitment as common strengths at all schools. The school cultures supported professional collaboration, and the teachers had the knowledge, skills and dispositions to engage in professional collaboration. The challenges were related to structural conditions, especially the lack of collaboration time. Three school profiles were identified in the cluster analysis from the viewpoint of maturity as professional learning communities. Statistically significant differences between the three clusters were found in organizational and operational characteristics.
The use of biopharmaceuticals in the treatment of psoriasis
Authors: Partyka Anna , Czopek Anna , Stanisz-Wallis Krystyna , Zagórska Agnieszka
Published: July 2018

Dermatoses are the group of diseases which involve all layers of the skin from the epidermis through the dermis and subcutaneous tissue, till appendages. The global burden of skin disease in populations is not currently monitored, therefore there is no data on the prevalence of skin diseases in the general population. However, from the epidemiological point of view, it is possible to point out the most common dermatoses and among them distinguish these diseases, which belong to chronic conditions with immunological origin e.g. atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, pemphigus, vitiligo and alopecia areata. Due to conducted studies and better diagnostics, unknown pathomechanisms of dermatoses are discovered and consequently new treatment methods are implemented. The therapeutic progress in the symptomatic treatment of autoimmune skin diseases is related to the introduction on the market of biological medical products called biopharmaceuticals. In this manuscript, the characterization of biopharmaceuticals is presented in terms of their applicability in the treatment of psoriasis. Psoriasis is the chronic
dermatological disease with inflammatory response and non-infective character, which shows
significant variations in the prevalence of European population. Typical symptoms of psoriasis
are red, raised skin areas, covered with silvery scales, mainly appears within the upper and
lower extremities face and head. Further in the manuscript, psoriasis is discussed as a public
health problem, the pathogenesis of this disease is described and the characterization of the
biopharmaceuticals used in psoriasis is presented. In the last part, the results of a systematic
literature review (meta-analysis) on the etanercept, the biopharmaceutical used in psoriasis,
is discussed.
Ocupação do espaço urbano: observações históricas e a expansão da Península da Ponta D’areia em São Luís (MA) entre os anos de 2004 e 2016
Authors: Coelho Gláuber Tulio Fonseca , Sales Layse Lorena Neves
Published: July 2018

Este trabalho objetiva fazer reflexões sobre a evolução da ocupação do solo na Península da Ponta D’areia, na ilha de São Luís do Maranhão entre os anos de 2004 e 2016. Inicialmente esta área abrigava colônias de pescadores, que transportavam em suas embarcações pessoas do centro da cidade para as praias e que, após a construção da Ponte José Sarney (1970) iniciou o processo de urbanização e modificações da paisagem natural através da remoção de dunas e vegetação. As análises deste trabalho iniciaram-se no ano de 2004, momento em que a Península começou a receber grandes investimentos do setor imobiliário através da construção de grandes condomínios residenciais de alto padrão, transformando a paisagem local. Para o início das análises buscou-se por informações históricas da região da Península da Ponta D’areia em São Luís. Foram selecionadas as imagens da região pelo software Google Earth Pró nos anos de 2004, 2010 e 2016 que foram georreferenciadas, rasterizadas e vetorizadas através da criação de polígonos manualmente, delimitando e quantificando áreas de vegetação, solo exposto e área urbanizada. Estes dados vetoriais gerados no mapeamento foram analisados e classificados em ambiente SIG, fazendo a evolução da ocupação por imagem dos anos analisados, possibilitando a reflexão sobre como a atuação de grandes investimentos conseguiu transformar em uma década uma região nobre da cidade de São Luís.
Sumário Bilingue
Authors: Table of Contents Bilingual
Published: July 2018

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Bulk Nanocrystalline Ferrite Stabilized through Grain Boundary Carbon Segregation
Authors: Ivanisenko Yulia , Sauvage Xavier , Mazilkin Andrei , Kilmametov Askar , Beach John A. , Straumal Boris B.
Published: July 2018

Bulk nanocrystalline ferrite with a grain size below 20 nm is stabilized thanks to grain boundary segregations of carbon atoms. This structure has been obtained through severe plastic deformation of a carbon steel containing only 0.45 wt% carbon with a bainitic microstructure. Both the mean grain size and resulting strength are similar to these obtained in pearlitic steels containing twice as much carbon and deformed in the same conditions. This indicates that very high strength can be achieved in nanocrystalline steels with much lesser carbon content.
Strongly (001) Oriented Bimorph PZT Film on Metal Foils Grown by rf‐Sputtering for Wrist‐Worn Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters
Authors: Yeo Hong Goo , Xue Tiancheng , Roundy Shad , Ma Xiaokun , Rahn Christopher , Trolier‐McKinstry Susan
Published: July 2018

For piezoelectric energy harvesters, a large volume of piezoelectric material with a high figure of merit is essential to obtain a higher power density. The work describes the growth of highly (001) oriented sputtered lead zirconate titanate (PZT) films (f ≈ 0.99) exceeding 4 µm in thickness on both sides of an Ni foil to produce a bimorph structure. These films are incorporated in novel wrist‐worn energy harvesters (<16 cm2) in which piezoelectric beams are plucked magnetically using an eccentric rotor with embedded magnets to implement frequency up‐conversion. The resulting devices successfully convert low‐frequency vibration sources (i.e., from walking, rotating the wrist, and jogging) to higher frequency vibrations of the PZT beams (100–200 Hz). Measured at resonance, six beams producing an output of 1.2 mW is achieved at 0.15 G acceleration. For magnetic plucking of a wrist‐worn nonresonant device, 40–50 µW is produced during mild activity.
Review on the Application of SnO2 in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Xiong Liangbin , Guo Yaxiong , Wen Jian , Liu Hongri , Yang Guang , Qin Pingli , Fang Guojia
Published: July 2018

SnO2 has been well investigated in many successful state‐of‐the‐art perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to its favorable attributes such as high mobility, wide bandgap, and deep conduction band and valence band. Several independent studies show the performances of PSCs with SnO2 are higher than that with TiO2, especially in device stability. In 2015, the first planar PSCs were reported with a power conversion efficiency over 17% using a low temperature sol‐derived SnO2 nanocrystal electron transport layer (ETL). Since then, many other groups have also reported high performance PSCs based on SnO2 ETLs. SnO2 planar PSCs show currently the highest performance in planar configuration devices (21.6%) and are close to the record holder of TiO2 mesoporous PSCs, suggesting their high potential as ETLs in PSCs. The main concerns with the application of SnO2 as ETL are that it suffers from degradation in high temperature processes and that its much lower conduction band compared to perovskite may result in a voltage loss of PSCs. Here, notable achievements to date are outlined, the unique attributes of SnO2 as ETLs in PSCs are described, and the challenges facing the successful development of PSCs and approaches to the problems are discussed.
An Industrial Perspective on Counter Anions in Gold Catalysis: On Alternative Counter Anions
Authors: Schießl Jasmin , Schulmeister Jürgen , Doppiu Angelino , Wörner Eileen , Rudolph Matthias , Karch Ralf , Hashmi A. Stephen K.
Published: July 2018

A comparison of versatile counter anions was investigated by means of a variety of well‐known test reactions representing the key reactivity patterns of homogeneous gold catalysis, the catalytic activity was monitored by GC and 1H NMR. As previously reported, the counter anion influence is usually more pronounced than the corresponding ligand effect. Due to this, the study is focused on the investigation of counter anions so far not included from investigation of homogeneous gold‐catalyzed reactions. The examinations using so far neglected counter anions (BArF4)−, [B(C6F5)4]−, [Al(OC(CF3)3)4]− and [B(C6F5)3(OAcF)]− showed surpassing or at least similar catalytic activities as the commonly used counter anions. The expanded use of counter anions can occupy an important role in future concerning catalyst optimization in gold catalysis.

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Electroless Plating of Highly Efficient Bifunctional Boride‐Based Electrodes toward Practical Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Hao Weiju , Wu Renbing , Zhang Ruiqi , Ha Yuan , Chen Ziliang , Wang Lincai , Yang Yanjing , Ma Xiaohua , Sun Dalin , Fang Fang , Guo Yanhui
Published: July 2018

Exploring highly‐efficient and low‐cost electrodes for both hydrogen and oxygen evolution reaction (HER and OER) is of primary importance to economical water splitting. Herein, a series of novel and robust bifunctional boride‐based electrodes are successfully fabricated using a versatile Et2NHBH3‐involved electroless plating (EP) approach via deposition of nonprecious boride‐based catalysts on various substrates. Owing to the unique binder‐free porous nodule structure induced by the hydrogen release EP reaction, most of the nonprecious boride‐based electrodes are highly efficient for overall water splitting. As a distinctive example, the Co‐B/Ni electrode can afford 10 mA cm−2 at overpotentials of only 70 mV for HER and 140 mV for OER, and can also survive at large current density of 1000 mA cm−2 for over 20 h without performance degradation in 1.0 m KOH. Several boride‐based two‐electrode electrolyzers can achieve 10 mA cm−2 at low voltages of around 1.4 V. Moreover, the facile EP approach is economically viable for flexible and large size electrode production.
HIV‐1 Entry Inhibitors: A Review of Experimental and Computational Studies
Authors: Mostashari Rad Tahereh , Saghaie Lotfollah , Fassihi Afshin
Published: July 2018

The HIV‐1 life cycle consists of different events, such as cell entry and fusion, virus replication, assembly and release of the newly formed virions. The more logical way to inhibit HIV transmission among individuals is to inhibit its entry into the immune host cells rather than targeting the intracellular viral enzymes. Both viral and host cell surface receptors and co‐receptors are regarded as potential targets in anti‐HIV‐1 drug design process. Because of the importance of this topic it was decided to summarize recent reports on small‐molecule HIV‐1 entry inhibitors that have not been considered in the latest released reviews. All the computational studies reported in the literature regarding HIV‐1 entry inhibitors since 2014 was also considered in this review.