bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhanced emission of intermediate/semi-volatile organic matters in both gas and particle phases from ship exhausts with low-sulfur fuels
Authors: Xiao Binyu , Zhang Fan , Liu Zeyu , Zhang Yan , Li Rui , Wu Can , Wan Xinyi , Wang Yi , Chen Yubao , Han Yong , Cui Min , Zhang Libo , Chen Yingjun , Wang Gehui
Published: November 2024

Abstract. The widespread utilization of low-sulfur fuels in compliance with global sulfur limit regulations has significantly mitigated the emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and particulate matter (PM) on ships. However, significant uncertainties still persist regarding the impact on intermediate/semi-volatile organic compounds (I/SVOCs). Therefore, on-board test of I/SVOCs from three ocean-going vessels (OGVs) and four inland cargo ships (ICSs) with low-sulfur fuels (< 0.50 % m/m) in China were carried out in this study. Results showed that the emission factors of total I/SVOCs were 881 ± 487, 1181 ± 421 and 1834 ± 667 mg (kg fuel)-1 for OGVs with heavy fuel oil (HFO), marine gas oil (MGO) and ICSs with 0# diesel, respectively. The transition from low-sulfur content (< 0.50 % m/m) to ultra-low-sulfur content (< 0.10 % m/m) fuels had evidently enhanced the emission factor of I/SVOCs, with non-ignorable contribution from particle-phase I/SVOCs, thereby further amplifying the secondary organic aerosol formation potential (SOAFP). Fuel type, engine type, and operating conditions comprehensively influenced the emission factor level, composition, and volatility distribution of I/SVOCs. Notably, a substantial proportion of fatty acids had been identified in ship exhausts, necessitating heightened attention. Furthermore, organic diagnostic markers of hopanes, in conjunction with the C18:0 to C14:0 acid ratio, could be considered as potential markers for HFO exhausts. The findings suggest that there is a necessity to optimize the implementation of a global policy on ultra-low-sulfur oil in the near future.
The impacts of climate change on tropical-to-extratropical transitions in the North-Atlantic basin
Authors: Garin Aude , Pausata Francesco S. R. , Boudreault Mathieu , Ingrosso Roberto
Published: November 2024

Abstract. As tropical cyclones migrate towards mid-latitudes, they can transform into extratropical cyclones, a process known as extratropical transition. In the North Atlantic basin, nearly half of the hurricanes undergo this transition. After transitioning, these storms can reintensify, posing significant threats to populations and infrastructure along the eastern coast of North America. While the impacts of climate change on hurricanes have been extensively studied, there remain uncertainties about its effects on extratropical transitions. This study aims to assess how climate change affects the frequency, location, intensity, and duration of these transitions. To achieve this, high-resolution regional simulations from an atmospheric regional climate model, based on the RCP 8.5 emissions scenario, were used to compare two 30-year periods: the present (1990–2019) and the end of the century (2071–2100). The results indicate a projected decrease in the number of tropical hurricanes, with no significant change in extratropical transition rates. September and October continue to be the primary months for extratropical transitions. However, the season’s peak appears to have shifted from September to October, suggesting that large-scale environmental conditions may become more favorable for extratropical transitions in October in the future. Although a poleward shift in the maximum intensity of tropical hurricanes is detected, the average latitude of the transitions does not change. Our findings suggest that transitioning storms will be more intense in the future, despite a less baroclinic atmosphere due to a stronger contribution from latent heat transfer. However, the risk of reintensification after transition is not expected to increase.
SARAH-3 – satellite-based climate data records of surface solar radiation
Authors: Pfeifroth Uwe , Drücke Jaqueline , Kothe Steffen , Trentmann Jörg , Schröder Marc , Hollmann Rainer
Published: November 2024

Abstract. The amount of energy reaching Earth's surface from the Sun is a quantity of high importance for the climate system and for renewable energy applications. SARAH-3 (SurfAce Radiation DAtaset Heliosat, https://doi.org/10.5676/EUM_SAF_CM/SARAH/V003, Pfeifroth et al., 2023) is a new version of a satellite-based climate data record of surface solar radiation parameters, generated and distributed by the European Organisation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) Climate Monitoring Satellite Application Facility (CM SAF). SARAH-3 provides data from 1983 onwards, i.e. more than 4 decades of data, and has a spatial resolution of 0.05° × 0.05°, a temporal resolution of 30 min and daily and monthly means for the region covered by the Meteosat field of view (65° W to 65° E and 65° S to 65° N). SARAH-3 consists of seven parameters: surface irradiance, direct irradiance, direct normal irradiance, sunshine duration, daylight, photosynthetically active radiation and effective cloud albedo. SARAH-3 data between 1983 and 2020 have been generated with stable input data (i.e. satellite and auxiliary data) to ensure a high temporal stability; these data are temporally extended by operational near-real-time processing – the so-called Interim Climate Data Record. The data record is suitable for various applications, from climate monitoring to renewable energy. The validation of SARAH-3 shows good accuracy (deviations of ∼ 5 W m−2 from surface reference measurements for monthly surface irradiance), stability of the data record and further improvements over its predecessor SARAH-2.1. One reason for this improved quality is the new treatment of snow-covered surfaces in the algorithm, reducing the misclassification of snow as clouds. The SARAH-3 data record reveals an increase in the surface irradiance (∼ +3 W m−2 per decade) during recent decades in Europe, in line with surface observations.
Enhancing high-resolution forest stand mean height mapping in China through an individual tree-based approach with close-range lidar data
Authors: Chen Yuling , Yang Haitao , Yang Zekun , Yang Qiuli , Liu Weiyan , Huang Guoran , Ren Yu , Cheng Kai , Xiang Tianyu , Chen Mengxi , Lin Danyang , Qi Zhiyong , Xu Jiachen , Zhang Yixuan , Xu Guangcai , Guo Qinghua
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Forest stand mean height is a critical indicator in forestry, playing a pivotal role in various aspects such as forest inventory, sustainable forest management practices, climate change mitigation strategies, monitoring of forest structure changes, and wildlife habitat assessment. However, there is currently a lack of large-scale, spatially continuous forest stand mean height maps. This is primarily due to the requirement of accurate measurement of individual tree height in each forest plot, a task that cannot effectively be achieved by existing globally covered, discrete footprint-based satellite platforms. To address this gap, this study was conducted using over 1117 km2 of close-range light detection and ranging (lidar) data, which enables the measurement of individual tree heights in forest plots with high precision. Apart from lidar data, this study incorporated spatially continuous climatic, edaphic, topographic, vegetative, and synthetic aperture radar data as explanatory variables to map the tree-based arithmetic mean height (ha) and weighted mean height (hw) at 30 m resolution across China. Due to limitations in obtaining the basal area of individual tree within plots using uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) lidar data, this study calculated the weighted mean height through weighting an individual tree height by the square of its height. In addition, to overcome the potential influence of different vegetation divisions at a large spatial scale, we also developed a machine-learning-based mixed-effects (MLME) model to map forest stand mean height across China. The results showed that the average ha and hw across China were 11.3 and 13.3 m with standard deviations of 2.9 and 3.3 m, respectively. The accuracy of mapped products was validated utilizing lidar and field measurement data. The correlation coefficient (r) for ha and hw ranged from 0.603 to 0.906 and 0.634 to 0.889, while the root mean square error (RMSE) ranged from 2.6 to 4.1 and 2.9 to 4.3 m, respectively. Comparing with existing forest canopy height maps derived using the area-based approach, it was found that our products of ha and hw performed better and aligned more closely with the natural definition of tree height. The methods and maps presented in this study provide a solid foundation for estimating carbon storage, monitoring changes in forest structure, managing forest inventory, and assessing wildlife habitat availability. The dataset constructed for this study is publicly available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12697784 (Chen et al., 2024).
Impact of drought hazards on flow regimes in anthropogenically impacted streams: an isotopic perspective on climate stress
Authors: Warter Maria Magdalena , Tetzlaff Dörthe , Marx Christian , Soulsby Chris
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Flow regimes are increasingly impacted by more extreme natural hazards of droughts and floods as a result of climate change, compounded by anthropogenic influences in both urban and intensively managed rural catchments. However, the characteristics of sustainable flow regimes that are needed to maintain or restore hydrologic, biogeochemical and ecological functions under rapid global change remain unclear and contested. We conducted an intercomparison of two streams in the Berlin–Brandenburg region of northeast Germany, which are both mesoscale subcatchments of the Spree river: an intermittent rural agricultural stream (the Demnitzer Millcreek) and a heavily anthropogenically impacted urban stream (the Panke). Through tracer-based analyses using stable water isotopes, we identified the dominant physical processes (runoff sources, flowpaths and age characteristics) sustaining streamflow over multiple years (2018–2023), including three major drought years (2018–2020, 2021–2022). In the urban stream, low flows are regulated through artificially increased baseflow from treated wastewater effluents (by up to 80 %), whilst storm drainage drives rapid, transient high-flow and runoff responses (up to 80 %) to intense convective summer rainfall. The intermittent groundwater-dominated rural stream experienced extended no-flow periods during drought years (∼ 60 % of the year) and only moderate storm runoff coefficients (< 10 %) in winter along near-surface flow paths after heavy rainfall. In both streams, groundwater dominance with young water influence prevails, with low water ages in the urban stream (< 10 %) despite significant urban runoff and higher ones in the rural stream (∼ 15 %). Urban cover resulted in a mean transit time of ∼ 4 years compared to arable land at ∼ 3 years, highlighting the interlinkages of land use and catchment properties on catchment transit times. Understanding seasonal and interannual variability in streamflow generation through a tracer-based hydrological template has the potential to assess the impacts of natural hazards on the sustainability of future baseflow management, including wider water quality and ecological implications across anthropogenically impacted environments.
Massive mobilization of toxic elements from an intact rock glacier in the central Eastern Alps
Authors: Moradi Hoda , Furrer Gerhard , Margreth Michael , Mair David , Wanner Christoph
Published: November 2024

Abstract. In the central Eastern Alps, an increasing number of high-altitude streams draining ice-rich permafrost display high concentrations of toxic solutes, such as Al, F−, Mn, and Ni, that may strongly exceed drinking water limits. To obtain novel insights into the causes for the mobilization of toxic solutes and to assess the environmental hazard, here we present a 2-year dataset (2021, 2022) of monitoring a high alpine stream originating from an intact rock glacier located in eastern Switzerland. The monitoring includes monthly sampling and discharge measurements, as well as continuous tracking of the geogenic fluxes of toxic solutes, using a pressure and conductivity probe. Our monitoring revealed high annual fluxes of up to 10 t a−1 with strong seasonal variations. In particular, the fluxes were highest during the warm summer months and showed strong correlations with hydraulic events such as snowmelt and heavy rainfall. These correlations likely occurred because the mobilization of toxic solutes reflects the last step of a complicated sequence of coupled processes, including (i) the oxidation of sulfides producing sulfuric acid and promoting the dissolution of solutes from the host rock, (ii) temporal storage and long-term enrichment of the dissolved solutes in rock glacier ice, and (iii) their final hydraulic mobilization during climate-change-induced accelerated degradation of rock glaciers. In the studied catchment, the concentrations of toxic solutes strongly exceeded the drinking water limits down to an altitude of 1900 m a.s.l. This depicts a significant hazard for the farmers and their products using the catchment in summer, while the hazard for larger streams in populated areas further downstream is considered limited. Since the fluxes of toxic solutes downstream of rock glaciers likely reflect their final hydraulic mobilization from the solute-enriched rock glacier ice, we hypothesize that flux measurements may serve as a novel environmental tracer to study permafrost degradation.
Evaluation of the Domino Effect Caused by Pool Fires in a Tank Farm
Authors: Shaluf Ibrahim , Krir Nuha , Sakal Salem
Published: November 2024

Major hazard installations (MHIs), such as oil refineries, petrochemical plants, and terminals, use large-capacity storage tanks for storing crude oil and by-products. Pool fire is one of the most common types of storage tank fire incidents. This technical article aims to investigate the domino effect resulting from a pool fire in a tank farm consisting of eight large floating-roof storage tanks, with a focus on four specific tanks. A crude oil storage tank was selected as the primary tank (source tank). Point source and plume solid models were used to estimate the thermal radiation. It has been noted that the thermal radiation from the source tank to the adjacent tank in the same dike exceeds the threshold heat radiation level and might result in a domino effect; however, the thermal radiation from the source tank alone does not reach the threshold level for the tanks in the other dike. Additionally, it was found that the thermal radiation from both the primary and secondary tanks just reaches the threshold level for the farther-away tank in the other dike. The domino effect occurs provided that the firefighting system is not activated and the emergency response team does not intervene within ten minutes.
Mechanical and Hydration Properties of Montmorillonite: Insights from Molecular Dynamics Simulations at Different Hydration States
Authors:   , Li Bonan
Published: November 2024

This thesis uses molecular dynamics simulation methods to explore the crystalline swelling, structural anisotropy, mechanical properties, initial hydration characteristics, and water transport mechanism of montmorillonite. It will revolutionise the design approach for bentonite used in engineered barriers in Australia and internationally.
Una cita neotestamentaria y la cuestión de la restitutio textorum en el Calendario de Córdoba
Authors: Monferrer Sala Juan Pedro
Published: November 2024

La cita fragmentaria de Hch 9,4-5 y el texto en el que está encuadrada, recogido en una de las versiones latinas del Calendario de Córdoba, resulta de interés para replantear la cuestión de la restitución de textos en aquellos casos en los que la versión árabe (editada primero por Dozy y posteriormente reeditada con adiciones por Pellat) presenta omisiones. El asunto adquiere mayor relieve con la identificación y edición de nuevos manuscritos árabes, que evidencian una compleja transmisión del texto, pero no solo en árabe, también en las versiones latinas.
Neural Networks in Popular Culture
Authors:   Herzen State Pedagogical University, KOROLʹKOV Mikhail E.
Published: November 2024

The article is dedicated to examining the phenomenon of neural networks as a form of learning artificial intelligence in the field of contemporary artistic practices, referred to as popular culture. The concept of popular culture is elucidated through the works of John Seabrook and John Storey as a broad art form, created by a multitude of authors for a multitude of consumers Neural networks are studied in the field of institutional processes (production, consumption, reflection of art) and as a specific form of an artifact of artistic culture. Within the institutional dimension, neural networks are considered as a tool for creating art artifacts. Here, they compete with classical tools. Neural networks differ fundamentally in their mode of interaction with the author – based on a textual prompt, they autonomously generate an artistic artifact, taking over some of the author's functions. Neural networks also surpass traditional tools in quantitative characteristics, creating artifacts faster and in greater numbers. Moreover, the use of neural networks does not require special skills to achieve satisfactory results – only language knowledge for composing a textual prompt and imagination. Between this textual prompt and the final result produced by the program, there is a distance – the neural network interprets concepts according to its algorithms, and the artist does not directly control the creation of the artifact. Consequently, neural networks alter contemporary relationships of artistic production and consumption in virtual culture. They allow a large number of ordinary users to engage in the creation of art artifacts, thereby diminishing the value of highly qualified authors. Neural networks negatively impact popular culture through the increase of medium-quality artifacts and the creation of mystifications. These negative traits are partially offset by the neural networks' abilities to visualize any narratives from any cultural spheres and to adapt information search in virtual space to the needs of a specific user. In popular culture, neural networks are utilized in cinema, visual arts, and music. They are capable of enhancing the quality of existing works, expanding them, and creating new artifacts
Reception of Domestic Music and its Reflection in the French Visual Culture of the Second Half of the 19th century
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, KLYUSHINA Elena V.
Published: November 2024

The article focuses on the problem of the reception of home music-making and its reflection in French visual culture of the second half of the 19th century. The author sees his goal in identifying stable iconographic types that French artists resorted to using in the process of artistic interpretation of home music-playing. To do this, from the numerous paintings, the author selects those that, in his opinion, are the most representative both in iconographic and artistic terms. The results of the study allow us to draw a convincing conclusion about the presence of at least two main plot and thematic directions in the visual interpretation of scenes of home music playing. The first consists of compositions iconographic basis of which is images of a home concert. Based on an analysis of the paintings by Edgar Degas and Edouard Manet, the author establishes the existence of deep connections between these two masters and the world of professional musicians. It is argued that home concerts held in the house of Auguste de Gas and the Manet couple served as an occasion not only for spending time together, but also became the basis for the creation of an entire gallery of portraits and musical genre scenes. The second plot and thematic line in the depiction of house music playing in French art of the 19th century. brings together works that visualize private individual educational and performing or semi-professional musical practices. The study of such images using the example of analysis of the works of Auguste Renoir, Berthe Morisot, Eva Gonzalez and Gustave Caillebotte allows us to establish differences in the artistic approaches to constructing the image of a young musician, a lady playing music. or a man playing music.
PENGARUH LATIHAN MULTIBALL TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN PUKULAN FOREHAND DAN BACKHAND ATLET TENIS MEJA PTM SKP KOTA CIREBON
Authors: Al Farrel M. Aufa Rifki , Setiawan Moch Iman , Nugroho Wahyu Adhi , Maulana Muhammad Andi
Published: November 2024

Tujuan penelitian. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui 1) Pengaruh latihan multiball terhadap kemampuan pukulan forehand. 2) Pengaruh hasil latihan multiball terhadap pukulan backhand. 3) Perbandingan hasil teknik pukulan forehand dan backhand dengan metode latihan multiball terhadap hasil latihan atlet tenis meja persatuan sekar kemuning permai Kota Cirebon. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh latihan multiball tenis meja terhadap kemampuan pukulan forehand dan backhand pada Atlet PTM SKP Kota Cirebon.
Bahan dan metode. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan rancangan 'pretest - posttest group design'. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah atlet PTM SKP Kota Cirebon yang berjumlah 16 orang. Pengambilan sampel penelitian ini dilakukan secara purposive sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah latihan multiball terhadap ketepatan pukulan forehand dan backhand. Analisis data menggunakan uji t taraf signifikansi 52,08% (Forehand) dan 53,01% (Backhand).
Hasil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Ada pengaruh latihan multiball terhadap pukulan forehand dengan t hitung 4,710 dan t tabel 2,365 serta signifikansi 0,002 < 0,05. (2) Ada pengaruh latihan multiball terhadap pukulan backhand dengan t hitung 3,550 dan t tabel 2,365 serta nilai signifikansi 0,009 < 0,05. (3) Ada peningkatan ketepatan pukulan forehand dan backhand, dengan presentase hasil forehand sebesar 52,08% dan backhand 53,01%.
Kesimpulan. Dari hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh yang signifikan latihan multiball terhadap ketepatan pukulan forehand dan backhand.
On the Energy Consumption of Pile Driving and the Bearing Capacity of Pile Models with Shaft Broadenings
Authors:   NCJSC «M.Kh. Dulaty Taraz Regional University», ATENOV Yerlan , BEKBASAROV Isabai ,   NCJSC «M.Kh. Dulaty Taraz Regional University»
Published: November 2024

The results of driving and static tests of pile models with different longitudinal shapes, carried out in laboratory conditions, are presented. It was found that piles with broadening of the trunk are, in most cases, more energy intensive in terms of immersion than piles without broadening of the trunk. The amount of broadening affects the energy costs of driving piles and their resistance to the effect of pressing vertical load. Piles with broadening of the trunk, unlike prismatic and pyramidal piles, have greater bearing capacity. The revealed features of piles with broadening are due to a more effective compaction and a stronger manifestation of soil repulsion forces under their broadening.
Fundamentals of Geometrical Nonlinear Coupled Problem
Authors:   NPJSC «Abylkas Saginov Karaganda Technical University», ZHAKULIN Adil , ZHAKULINA Aisulu ,   NPJSC «Abylkas Saginov Karaganda Technical University», KROPACHEV Petr ,   NPJSC «Abylkas Saginov Karaganda Technical University»
Published: November 2024

A method has been developed for calculating the stability of a slope without introducing the shape of the collapse surface. In this case, the equations of the mechanics of deformation of a weighty soil mass were used with various options for taking into account the conditions of limit equilibrium. The article shows a traditional solution method taking into account the deformation theory of plasticity. The limit equilibrium condition is described by the Coulomb-Mohr condition. The general methodological means for obtaining numerical values of parameters describing the behavior of the geotechnical system «structure – soil» is the finite element method.It is recommended to analyze the results of the numerical solution when modeling the interaction of the slope and the retaining wall, which determines the most dangerous areas and lines of slope collapse.
Economic Incentives as a Mechanism for Employers to Improve Working Conditions
Authors:   Republic Research Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, ISSEKEYEV Nurlan , KAZBEKOVA Diana ,   NPJSC «L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University»
Published: November 2024

The international experience of motivating employers to provide safe working conditions for workers is considered. The economic incentive mechanisms applied were aimed at improving working conditions, workers' health, personal protective equipment and upgrading facilities. In order to achieve the effectiveness of the economic incentive’s mechanism as one of the most effective tools to motivate employers, it is proposed to amend the current legislation on occupational safety and health. It is proposed to improve the international experience of the mechanism for economic incentives for employers. To do this, it is necessary to exempt employers from value added tax, customs duties and fees for the purchase of imports of protective equipment, as well as equipment, materials, apparatus used to survey working conditions and implement measures to improve them. Introduce tax incentives for organizations producing means of individual and collective protection of workers.
State Shopping for a Baby
Authors: Mi Wenxiao (Kaley)
Published: November 2024

The incredible strides made in the field of assisted reproductive technology (ART) over the past several decades have helped countless individuals throughout the world actualize their dreams of starting a family using surrogacy. Social acceptance of surrogacy has also increased, with many societies even welcoming the practice. Technological advancements and changing social norms have helped facilitate a growing need for surrogacy.
1/20,000th of a Person?
Authors: Cantalupo Nancy Chi
Published: November 2024

Notice-and-comment rulemaking is a key function of the U.S. administrative state, thought to give members of the public access to the process of government decisionmaking. However, notice-and-comment rulemaking fails to accomplish that goal, and its deficiencies have critical implications for U.S. democracy and for the role of women and other traditionally underrepresented groups in that democracy. 
This Article examines the many ways in which notice-and-comment rulemaking has fallen short of its central purpose through a case study of a 2018–19 rulemaking dealing with enforcement of Title IX’s prohibition on sexual harassment. Members of the public, mobilized by activists, filed a historic 124,000+ comments in that rulemaking. This author created and led a “crowd-research” innovation to catalog ninety-four percent of those comments.
Analysis of that rulemaking and its comments exposes rulemaking’s oligarchic tendency to value technocratic practices above democratic ones, a tendency that is particularly problematic in the case of rulemakings that implicate civil rights and discrimination. This Article proposes a path for agencies to avoid notice-and-comment rulemaking’s failings by supplementing traditional processes with a modified form of negotiated rulemaking.
Prevalence Rate of Emotional Disturbance among Early Graders: A Diagnostic Study
Authors: Aslam Moneeza , Saira Dr. , Khanum Hafsah
Published: November 2024

This study aims to investigate the prevalence rate of emotional disturbance at the early childhood level. The study was quantitative in nature. The study was conducted to investigate the prevalence rate of emotional disturbance. Screening of early graders was carried out by the class teacher using screening test regarding emotionally disturbed and stable students. Govt. Girls High school Jalal Pur Jattan Gujrat was taken as a sample. All the students enrolled in early grade were the sample of the study. An instrument “Screening test to screen out emotionally disturbed Students” was developed by the researcher to collect data for the investigation of research objective. Screening test for screening emotionally disturbed students conducted by the class teacher. It was concluded that mostly students were emotionally stable and few students were emotionally disturbed. On the basis of conclusion it was recommend that teachers and parents should be aware about child emotional state and other behavioral problems at early childhood level for their better development and learning, the higher authorities may train teachers to diagnose emotional disturbance among early graders to use different strategies to improve their learning and the school administration may arrange seminars for teachers and parents to aware regarding emotional development and disturbance among early graders for their better emotional development.
English as A Medium of Instruction in the Education System of Pakistan
Authors: Fatima Kiran , Qureshi Naheed Ashfaq
Published: November 2024

English as a medium of instruction in the education system of Pakistan is a controversial debate throughout the years since the independence of Pakistan, and is still a recurrent issue to be resolved. The purpose of the study is, to critically highlight the drawbacks in the education system of Pakistan resulting in hinderance to the development of the country. The data was collected from the general surveys and discussion, PM’s recent speech presenting the idea of One-nation One-curriculum, newspapers and by focusing on the education system of Pakistan as a whole. The study built its theoretical foundation by drawing from discourse analysis and critical theory. It is observed that, Pakistan is a multilingual and multicultural society. It is one of the most diverse societies linguistically as well as culturally. A nation’s development and growth depend on many factors out of which its educated people are most important who work for its development and contribute in its prosperity. The asset of a nation’s prosperity and developments resides in its educated community. The study suggests that the implication of English as a medium of instruction in the education system equally throughout Pakistan would be a strong factor in the development and prosperity of the nation.
Exploring the Difficulties in English Language Teaching for Attaining Desired Learning Outcomes at Primary Level: A Quantitative Study
Authors: Sajid Shazia , Abbas Nargis , Gillani Tahira
Published: November 2024

The present study examined the Analysis of the difficulties in English language teaching for attaining desired learning outcomes at primary level. Total number of primary school English teachers of Punjab public schools was the population of the study.  Out of these, two districts of the Punjab were selected through purposive sampling technique. At next, total 100 teachers were selected from public schools through purposive sampling. The data was collected from approximately fifty English teachers from Sargodha district and fifty English teachers from Khushab district through purposive sampling techniques. Questionnaire as instrument was prepared. First part of questionnaire contained demographic information while second part of questionnaire contained 30 statements about motivation, competency and attitude towards English language teacher’s problems. For quantitative analysis, the sample of the study was 100 teachers, 50 from Sargodha and 50 teachers from Khushab. The student sample t-test was employed to explain the data distribution and mean comparison between different variables. Descriptive analysis was conducted with the help of cross tabulation option of SPSS. The English teachers at the primary level frequently dealt with issues such as poor collaboration, little personal time, working toward long-term goals and objectives, debates and student justifications. By addressing these frequent issues in the classroom. Finding showed that female teachers exhibited higher score on difficulties faced by them in attaining desired learning outcomes (M= 1.48, SD=19.57) compared to the males who exhibited low score on difficulties faced by the teachers in attaining desired learning outcomes (M= 1.41, SD=18.50). The most important strategy was to use information technology and also should use Educational Competitions in the Classrooms, different type of activities which can boast the knowledge and confidence of students. Teachers needed to be skilled at rousing children in the classroom. Developing their consciousness, motivations and interests through learning are good. The government also played an important role in this sense such as they allocate fund for children to manage the building of school and also boast up students.
From Learners to Entrepreneurs: A Study on the Factors Affecting Student’s Entrepreneurial Intention
Authors: Ahmad Sajeela
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this study is to empirically investigate the impact of several factors on student’s entrepreneurial intention. Apart from demographics factors and personality traits, the study focuses on behavioral factors and particularly on entrepreneurial education. A quantitative survey has covered the sample of 450 undergraduates from five general public sector universities of Punjab, Pakistan. The data was analyzed using Principal Component Analysis and Multiple Regression Analysis. Findings of the study showed that all the behavioral factors have positive and significant influence on the student’s entrepreneurial intention. However, there is no significant difference in regard with student’s age, gender and work experience. Furthermore, the students who take entrepreneurial courses showed higher intention to start their own business as compared to their counterparts. Moreover, the study found that financial constraint is the major obstacle in developing student’s entrepreneurial intention. The results of this study provide valuable insight to educators, government and policy makers about the importance of entrepreneurship education and financial supports to stimulate the student’s entrepreneurial intention. It may also serve students better by recognizing and increasing their entrepreneurial strengths and focus on to start up their own business rather than rely on obsolete system.
Lipid Peroxidation in Male and Female patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Singh Jagroop , Kaur Sukhraj
Published: November 2024

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is associated with chronic hyperglycemia and increased oxidative stress, which contributes to lipid Peroxidation and subsequent complications. This study explores the differences in lipid Peroxidation between male and female patients with T2DM, compared to healthy controls.
Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 200 participants (100 T2DM patients and 100 healthy controls) was conducted at Government Medical College & Guru Nanak Dev Hospital Amritsar. Biochemical analyses included fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, VLDL, non-HDL, HDL to LDL ratio), BMI and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Statistical comparisons were made between diabetic and non-diabetic groups and between genders within the diabetic cohort.
Results: Diabetic females exhibited significantly higher HbA1c and fasting blood glucose levels compared to males. Lipid profiles revealed higher triglycerides and lower HDL levels in females. MDA levels, indicative of lipid Peroxidation, were also higher in females, especially in those with poor glycemic control (HbA1c > 8.0%). Males had higher HDL and showed a greater increase in MDA levels with worsening glycemic control.
Conclusion: The study identifies significant gender differences in Glycemic control, lipid profiles, and oxidative stress among T2DM patients. Females tend to have poorer glycemic control and higher lipid Peroxidation levels compared to males. These findings suggest the need for tailored management strategies for diabetes based on gender and highlight the importance of monitoring oxidative stress to prevent complications.

Key words: Lipid Peroxidation, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Glycated HbA1c
On the Comparative Study of the Supervised Machine Learning Models
Authors: O. C. Asogwa, , N. M. Eze, , C. C. Christopher, , K. E. Aruah, , I. E. Chimezie,
Published: November 2024

This research empirically compared the performance of three supervised machine learning models which are Multinomial Logistic Regression (MLR), Multilayer back propagated Neural Networks (MNN) and Multinomial Decision Trees (MDT) based on a tested data set for the opinion of Nigerian citizens during the period of naira redesign policy using classification matrix criterion. About 600 copies of questionnaires on the opinion of Nigerian citizens on their welfare at the period of naira redesign. The result showed that ANN outperformed other models with 94.4% correct classification rates, followed by the MLR with correct classification rates of 93.5% and lastly by MDT with correct classification rates of 90.0%.
Impact of Implementation Models on Financial Inclusion and Resilience: A Study of Rural Women in Zambia
Authors: M. C. Chitalu, , C. O. Odoyo,
Published: November 2024

The study investigates the impact of financial inclusion models on financial resilience among rural Zambian women. It uses a mixed-methods approach, examining bank-led, Mobile Network Operator (MNO)-led, and community-led models on saving and investing behaviors. The research uses case studies and ethnography to gain in-depth insights into the cultural and social contexts of participants. The findings suggest that traditional banking services, mobile-based solutions, and community-driven initiatives are not effective in the long run. The study recommends combining these approaches, along with financial literacy programs and policy interventions, to improve financial inclusion strategies for rural women. The study proposes that Service providers adopt a strategy of using Community Implementation Teams (CIT) to enhance the financial inclusion and resilience of women in rural Zambia.
The effect of distributed generator injection in different number of units on power and voltage losses in the electricity distribution system
Authors: Syukri Mahdi , Nasution Ardiansyah
Published: November 2024

Distributed Generator (DG) is a small-capacity power plant located within the electrical distribution system and is usually placed on buses directly connected to the load. The placement of distributed generators is a technical effort to reduce voltage drops and power losses in the system. Additionally, Power flow analysis is conducted to plan and determine the power levels within an electrical power system. The results in terms of power losses after adding a DG were achieved in the fifth experiment on bus 149, where the system's total active power loss (P) decreased from 720.822 kW to 682.939 kW, and the total reactive power loss (Q) decreased from 530.02 kVar to 405.835 kVar. These results were obtained from power flow calculations using Electrical Transient Analyzer Program (ETAP) software.Therefore, it can be concluded that the electrical network system is operating efficiently. The results show that the more wind turbine generators are added to the buses, the more the voltage drop is reduced. After simulation, the overall voltage drops still meet the standards according to the text report in ETAP.
Investigating the Effect of Meditation on the Level of Anxiety And Pain in Patients Undergoing Implant Surgery Along With Bone Grafting
Authors: Farrokh Farhadi
Published: November 2024

Background and Purpose: Anxiety is one of the primary reasons for people's avoidance of visiting the dentist. It reduces oral and dental hygiene and the quality of life in the long term. Also, anxiety in clients and its repetition in examining patients affects the efficiency of dentists. Several studies have been conducted on the effect of music on the level of pain and anxiety of patients undergoing implant surgery. This study investigates the effects of meditation and music therapy on the mentioned criteria.
Materials and Methods: 28 patients who needed tooth replacement with implants using bone grafting with guided bone regeneration (GBR) were randomly divided into two groups. The first group was exposed to meditation techniques and listening to alpha music for half an hour before and during surgery. The second group was the control group which did not receive any of the mentioned techniques. Pain level was measured by the VAS scale after surgery and anxiety was measured by the Spielberger questionnaire before and after surgery. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and blood oxygen level were also measured before and after surgery. U-Man-Whitney analysis was used to compare the level of pain between the two groups. ANOVA analysis of covariance was used to compare the level of anxiety between the two groups (P value < 0.005).
Results: Comparing the pain level between the groups indicated that the perception of pain significantly decreases after meditation (P value < 0.005). Also, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate were significantly lower in the intervention group than in the control group (P value < 0.005). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the blood oxygen level (P value = 0.193).
Conclusion: Meditation before performing complex implant surgery and listening to alpha music during surgery help to reduce the level of anxiety and pain perception. Also, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate decrease following meditation.
THE ROLE OF COMPANIES AND GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF LABOR RESOURCES AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
Authors: Adambekova Zh. A. , Adambekov N. T. , Amankeldi N. A.
Published: November 2024

Purpose. This research investigates the role of labor resources in the sustainable development of the West Kazakhstan Region (WKR), focusing on the impact of social responsibility initiatives on regional economic stability and growth. The study seeks to elucidate the contributions of major enterprises and state programs to labor market dynamics and regional development.

Methodology. The research employs a quantitative approach, analyzing demographic data, labor market statistics, and corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives through statistical reports, surveys, interviews from open sources, and document analysis. The study also utilizes data from platforms like hh.kz to assess job vacancies and employment trends within the region.

Originality / value of the research. This study offers a comprehensive analysis of the connection between labor resources and social responsibility in fostering regional development in Kazakhstan, a topic less explored in existing literature. By focusing on WKO, the research highlights specific regional challenges and responses, contributing to new insights into the effective management of labor resources in transitional economies.

The Findings reveal that WKR exhibits a stable economic condition with a labor force participation rate of 69.8 % and an unemployment rate of 4.9 % despite this stability, the region faces a shortage of qualified specialists. CSR initiatives by major enterprises like North Caspian Operating Company N.V. and KazMunayGas (KMG) subsidiaries have positively impacted social infrastructure and employment rates. The study underscores the necessity of ongoing social projects, enhanced support for young specialists, and improved worker qualifications to sustain economic growth and reduce unemployment in the region.
BANK LENDING IN CONDITIONS OF GLOBAL FINANCIAL INSTABILITY: THE CASE OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Gulimbetova R. U. , Nurkasheva N. S. , Zhumabayeva M. D.
Published: November 2024

Purpose of the study. The purpose of the scientific article is to consider the importance and features of the application of the main technologies of the lending process in domestic second-tier banks in the conditions of instability and uncertainty of modern world financial and economic relations.

Methodology. In the course of the study, general scientific methods, literature review, analysis, synthesis, deduction, classification, systematic approaches are used.

Originality / value of the study. The banking system of the Republic of Kazakhstan, according to European and international experts, is recognized as the most developed banking system among the CIS countries. Indeed, in recent years, strong changes have been observed in the banking system of the Republic of Kazakhstan; international standards have been introduced into the banking system, such important institutions as mandatory guarantee reserves for deposits and mortgage lending have been created; Otbasy Bank; processing center; credit bureau services have been organized.

This article discusses the features of the technology of the bank lending process, which allows us to improve banking services in all areas, providing the most convenient and attractive services for customers through modern lending technology.

Results of the study. The directions of application of technological mechanisms of the lending process, which allow us to speed up the provision of banking services, simultaneously serve several clients, and achieve high efficiency, were considered.
IMPACT OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT ON THE ECONOMIC GROWTH OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Isatayeva G. B. , Seitbekova S. T. , Seitova V. N.
Published: November 2024

The purpose of the study - is to analyze the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI), economic growth, inflation and the volume of international reserves in the context of the economy of Kazakhstan.

The methodology - involves quantitative analysis using an econometric linear regression model to assess the impact of FDI on Kazakhstan's economic performance. Data for the analysis were taken from the World Bank's open sources for the period from 1992 to 2022.

Originality/value of the research—The research contributes to the understanding of the mechanisms of international investment's impact on the economies of countries with economies in transition, using Kazakhstan as an example. A special feature of the work is a comprehensive analysis of the influence of macroeconomic factors on the investment climate, which is important for the formation of state economic policy.

Findings of the Study – The results showed that international reserves have a significant positive impact on attracting FDI, while inflation did not have a statistically significant impact in this model.
IMPACT OF FINANCIAL LITERACY ON PENSION PLANNING IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Alimbekova B. E. , Yeraliyeva Y. A. , Arystanbayeva S. S.
Published: November 2024

The purpose of the study is to assess the impact of the level of financial literacy of the population of Kazakhstan on the possibility of further pension planning.

Methodology. The research methods used were content analysis, aimed at studying the issues of financial literacy and pension planning, and also considered statistical indicators and state policy in the fi eld of pension planning.

Originality or value of the research. Financial literacy is one of the decisive factors in increasing the level of financial well-being and proper retirement planning. With economic growth slowing and inflation rising, one of the low indicators of financial literacy is the lack of retirement planning skills. For a more detailed understanding of the relationship between financial literacy and pension planning, the authors studied a number of data on the management of pension assets and the possibility of opening a pension annuity. The study's findings may be useful for further improving the effectiveness of government policies.

Research results. The results of the study indicate that pension asset management is inextricably linked with the level of financial literacy. The opportunity to receive lifetime pension payments using a pension annuity is extremely small and amounts to only 0,07 % of the total number of open pension accounts. To make maximum use of the pension annuity product, government support is needed to increase the level of financial literacy of the country's population.