bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ АУДИТОРНОЇ ТА ПОЗААУДИТОРНОЇ РОБОТИ СТУДЕНТІВ СТОМАТОЛОГІЧНОГО ПРОФІЛЮ ПІД ЧАС ВИВЧЕННЯ ПАТОМОРФОЛОГІЇ В ЗАПОРІЗЬКОМУ ДЕРЖАВНОМУ МЕДИЧНОМУ УНІВЕРСИТЕТІ
Authors: Shulyatnikova T. V.
Published: September 2018

Мета роботи – висвітлення досвіду та ефективності проведення практичних занять з патоморфології у студентів 2 та 3 курсів стоматологічного профілю навчання у Запорізькому державному медичному університеті у 2015–2018 навчальних роках.Основна частина. На основі аналізу поточної успішності студентів, а також результатів складання тестового іспиту з патоморфології була наведена оцінка ефективності аудиторної та позааудиторної роботи студентів із навчальними практикумами, зміст яких відповідає навчальній програмі з дисципліни і враховує специфіку підготовчого рівня студентів стоматологічного профілю.Висновок. Використання студентами спеціально розроблених практикумів під час аудиторної та позааудиторної роботи є доцільним для реалізації комплексного, найбільш оптимального алгоритму викладання загальної патоморфології та спеціальної патоморфології, позитивно схвалюється студентами та підвищує рівень їх підготовки для складання державного іспиту “Крок-1”.
Reversal of Vitamin K Antagonist Therapy Before Thrombolysis for Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Chausson Nicolas , Soumah Djibril , Aghasaryan Manvel , Altarcha Tony , Alecu Cosmin , Smadja Didier
Published: September 2018

Background and Purpose—

Acute ischemic strokes under vitamin K antagonist (VKA) treatment are not uncommon, but intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) is not recommended for international normalized ratio (INR) >1.7 because of the excess bleeding risk. However, VKA-induced anticoagulation can be easily reversed by IV infusions of 4-factor prothrombin complex concentrate bolus and vitamin K. Our pilot study aimed to determine whether IVT immediately after anticoagulation reversal could be feasible and safe in acute ischemic stroke patients under VKA with INR >1.7.

Methods—

Consecutive acute ischemic stroke patients, otherwise eligible for IVT except for VKA intake and INR >1.7, were given IVT after infusing 4-factor prothrombin complex concentrate and vitamin K. Safety and efficacy were assessed clinically and by cerebral imaging at 24 hours.

Results—

Twenty-six patients (age, 77.8±12.8 years; atrial fibrillation, 84.6%; initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, 11.6±5.6) were prospectively included. INR values were 2.3±0.6 initially and 1.3±0.2, 5 minutes postreversal. No symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage or thrombotic events occurred during the first 3 days. One patient developed major systemic hemorrhoidal bleeding that required blood transfusion; 61.5% of the patients were independent (modified Rankin Scale score of ≤2) at 3 months.

Conclusions—

A reversal strategy of 4-factor prothrombin complex concentrate bolus and vitamin K before IVT could be feasible and safe in acute ischemic stroke patients under VKA with INR >1.7. Well-designed, randomized controlled trials are warranted to confirm these preliminary findings.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Clinical Factors Associated With Ischemic Stroke in Patients Suspected of Cervical Artery Dissection
Authors: McNally J. Scott , Hinckley Peter J. , Sakata Akihiko , Eisenmenger Laura B. , Kim Seong-Eun , De Havenon Adam H. , Quigley Edward P. , Iacob Eli , Treiman Gerald S. , Parker Dennis L.
Published: September 2018

Background and Purpose—

Cervical artery dissection is a major cause of ischemic stroke in the young and presents with various imaging findings, including stenosis and intramural hematoma (IMH). Our goal was to determine the relative contribution of lumen findings and IMH to acute ischemic stroke and whether a heavily T1-weighted sequence could more reliably detect IMH.

Methods—

Institutional review board approval was obtained for this retrospective study of 254 patients undergoing magnetic resonance imaging/magnetic resonance angiography for suspected dissection. Imaging included standard turbo spin–echo (TSE) T1-fat saturation and heavily T1-weighted flow-suppressed magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition gradient–recalled echo sequences. Subjects with stents (1) or atherosclerotic disease (26) were excluded, leaving 227 subjects. Kappa analysis was used to determine IMH interrater reliability on magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition gradient–recalled echo and T1-fat saturation in 4 vessels per subject. Lumen findings, cardiovascular risk factors, medications, and nondissection stroke sources were recorded. Mixed-effects multivariate Poisson regression was used to determine the prevalence ratio of each factor with acute ischemic stroke, accounting for 4 vessels per patient with backward elimination to a threshold
P
value of 0.10.

Results—

Patients were 41.9% men, mean age of 47.3±16.6 years, with 114 dissections and 107 strokes. IMH interrater reliability was significantly higher for magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition gradient–recalled echo (κ=0.83; 95% CI, 0.78–0.86) versus T1-fat saturation (0.58; 95% CI, 0.57–0.68). The final acute stroke prediction model included magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition gradient–recalled echo-detected IMH (prevalence ratio, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.1–3.9;
P
=0.034), stenosis, pseudoaneurysm, male sex, current smoking, and nondissection stroke sources. The final model had high discrimination for acute stroke (area under the curve, 0.902; 95% CI, 0.872–0.932), compared with models without stenosis (0.861; 95% CI, 0.821–0.902), and without stenosis and IMH (0.831; 95% CI, 0.783–0.879). All 3 models were significantly different at
P
<0.05.

Conclusions—

Along with stenosis, IMH detection significantly contributed to acute ischemic stroke pathogenesis in patients with suspected cervical artery dissection. In addition, IMH detection can be made more reliable with heavily T1-weighted sequences.
Operator Versus Core Lab Adjudication of Reperfusion After Endovascular Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Zhang Guang , Treurniet Kilian M. , Jansen Ivo G.H. , Emmer Bart J. , van den Berg Rene , Marquering Henk A. , Uyttenboogaart Maarten , Jenniskens Sjoerd F.M. , Roos Yvo B.W.E.M. , van Doormaal Pieter Jan , van Es Adriaan C.G.M. , van der Lugt Aad , Vos Jan-Albert , Lycklama à Nijeholt Geert J. , van Zwam Wim H. , Shi Huaizhang , Yoo Albert J. , Dippel Diederik W.J. , Majoie Charles B.L.M. ,   for the MR CLEAN Registry Investigators
Published: September 2018

Background and Purpose—

The modified Treatment In Cerebral Ischemia (mTICI) score is the standard method to quantify the degree of reperfusion after endovascular treatment in acute ischemic stroke. In clinical practice, it is commonly assessed by local operators after the procedure. In clinical trials and registries, mTICI is evaluated by an imaging core lab. The aim of this study was to compare operator mTICI with core lab mTICI scores in patients included in the MR CLEAN (Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke in the Netherlands) Registry.

Methods—

All patients with an intracranial carotid or middle cerebral artery occlusion with anteroposterior and lateral digital subtraction angiography runs were included. Operators determined the mTICI score immediately after endovascular treatment. Core lab neuroradiologists were blinded to clinical characteristics and assessed mTICI scores based on pre- and postintervention digital subtraction angiography. The agreement between operator and core lab mTICI scores and their value in the prediction of outcome (score on modified Rankin Scale at 90 days) was determined.

Results—

In total, 1130 patients were included. The proportion of agreement between operator and core lab mTICI score was 56% (95% CI, 54%–59%). In 33% (95% CI, 31%–36%), mTICI was overestimated by operators. Operators reported a higher rate of successful reperfusion than the core lab (77% versus 67%; difference 10% [95% CI, 6%–14%];
P
<0.001). In 252 (33%) of 763 patients scored as incomplete reperfusion by the core lab (mTICI <3), the local read was mTICI 3. Multivariable logistic regression models containing either core lab scored or operator scored successful reperfusion predicted outcome on the full (C statistic of both models: 0.76) or dichotomized modified Rankin Scale (modified Rankin Scale, 0–2; C statistic of both models: 0.83) equally well.

Conclusions—

Operators tend to overestimate the degree of reperfusion compared with the core lab although this does not affect the accuracy of outcome prediction.
Long-Term Consequences of Worsened Poststroke Status in Patients With Premorbid Disability
Authors: Ganesh Aravind , Luengo-Fernandez Ramon , Pendlebury Sarah T. , Rothwell Peter M. ,   on behalf of the Oxford Vascular Study
Published: September 2018

Background and Purpose—

Patients with premorbid disability, generally defined as modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score ≥2, are often excluded from trials of acute stroke therapies. However, increased disability in such patients will adversely affect long-term outcomes if treatments are withheld in routine practice. We assessed the extent to which increased disability poststroke influences 5-year mortality, institutionalization, and costs in premorbidly disabled patients.

Methods—

In a population-based, prospective cohort of patients with ischemic stroke (OXVASC [Oxford Vascular Study], 2002–2014), we tracked mortality, institutionalization, and healthcare/social-care costs during follow-up. We compared 5-year mortality and poststroke institutionalization (Cox regressions) and 5-year healthcare/social-care costs (generalized linear model) in 3-month survivors with premorbid mRS of 2 to 4 (excluding extreme disability, mRS=5), based on the degree of change in mRS(ΔmRS) from prestroke to 3 months poststroke, adjusting analyses for age/sex/initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale.

Results—

Among 1607 patients, 530 (33.0%) had premorbid mRS of 2 to 4. Only 2 premorbidly disabled patients received thrombolysis, but 421 (79.4%) were alive at 3 months. ΔmRS was independently associated with 5-year mortality/institutionalization (adjusted hazard ratio for ΔmRS=1 versus 0: 1.59; 95% CI, 1.20–2.11; ΔmRS=2: 2.39; 95% CI, 1.62–3.53; ΔmRS=3: 4.12; 95% CI, 1.98–8.60;
P
<0.001) and costs (margin for ΔmRS ≥2 versus 0: $30 011, 95% CI, $4222–55 801;
P
=0.023). Results were similar on examining patients with premorbid mRS of 2, 3, and 4 separately (eg, 5-year mortality/institutionalization adjusted hazard ratio for premorbid mRS=3 with ΔmRS=1 versus 0: 1.60; 95% CI, 1.06–2.42;
P
=0.027; ΔmRS=2: 3.20; 95% CI, 1.85–5.54;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions—

Patients with stroke with premorbid disability have higher mortality, institutionalization, and costs if they accumulate additional disability because of the stroke. These findings highlight the long-term outcomes expected if acute interventions are routinely withheld in patients with mild-moderate premorbid disability and suggest that trials/registries should include such patients.
Science, Common Sense & Judicial Power in U.S. Courts
Authors: Jasanoff Sheila
Published: September 2018

Courts routinely resolve factual disputes as an adjunct to settling legal controversies, and such fact-finding frequently involves scientific and technical evidence. It is important to ask what intellectual resources judges bring to this task. Instead of assessing how much science judges know or understand, this essay focuses on the judge's role in articulating and reinforcing prevailing cultural attitudes toward science. Background judicial assumptions matter at three significant junctures. First, judges maintain the lay-expert boundary by deciding whether an issue demands expert testimony at all. Second, judges act as epistemological gatekeepers, by determining which expert claims and ways of reasoning are entitled to deference and which are not. Third, judges decide how to classify and categorize things of uncertain ontological status as a prelude to applying legal rules. Each kind of decision offers a window into judicial common sense, a relatively neglected topic in studies of law and science.
Three-Dimensional Volumetric Evaluation of the Maxillary Sinuses in Chronic Rhinosinusitis Surgery
Authors: Valtonen Olli , Bizaki Argyro , Kivekäs Ilkka , Rautiainen Markus
Published: September 2018

Introduction:

The objective of this study was to ascertain whether the 3-dimensional volumetric measurement method could be used for the evaluation of operative treatment results in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis.

Methods:

A total of 61 adult patients with chronic rhinosinusitis were analyzed. Cone-beam computed tomographic images of the paranasal sinuses were examined preoperatively and at 12 months postoperatively. The results were compared using the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) and the Lund-Mackay (LM) and Zinreich modified staging systems.

Results:

The mean change in pneumatized volumes in the maxillary sinuses after operative treatment per patient was 2.0 ± 7.5 cm3 ( P = .146). The median for volumetric change was 0.97 cm3 (range, –11.6 to 33.6 cm3). Both the LM and Zinreich modified LM staging systems showed no change in 32 of 61 patients (53%). The alterations in patients’ maxillary sinuses measured using the volumetric measurement method correlated well with changes in Zinreich’s modified LM staging (−0.77, P < .01).

Conclusions:

The 3D volumetric method is more sensitive in detecting small alterations in pneumatized volumes of the maxillary sinuses than Zinreich’s modified LM staging and LM staging. The method correlates better with Zinreich’s modified LM staging than with LM staging.
Stability and Compatibility of Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride in Intravenous Admixtures: A New Look at an Old Drug
Authors: Sabins Daniel , Diep Tuong , McCartan Pamela , Patel Shashi , Zhao Fang
Published: September 2018

Purpose: Intravenous (IV) admixtures of diphenhydramine are widely used in hospitalized patients to prevent or treat hypersensitivity reactions. However, there is limited data to support the admixture preparation in this manner. This study was designed to investigate the stability and compatibility of diphenhydramine in IV admixtures with a goal to establish a 14-day beyond-use dating with storage under refrigeration. Methods: The commercially available 50 mg/mL diphenhydramine hydrochloride injection vials were used to prepare the 0.2 and 1.0 mg/mL IV admixtures in 0.9% sodium chloride injection and 5% dextrose injection in 50 mL polyvinyl chloride (PVC) bags. The IV bags were sealed and stored under refrigeration (2°C-8°C) for the stability study. At each predetermined time point, samples were taken for visual inspection, pH measurement, and analysis by a stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Results: The freshly prepared IV admixtures appeared clear, colorless, and particulate-free with pH readings of 4.44 to 4.60. The initial drug concentrations of all samples were confirmed by HPLC to be within 101.8% to 103.6% of the label claims. Over the 14 days of the study period, there was no significant change in the appearance or pH values for all stability samples. The HPLC results also confirmed that there was no more than ±2% change of the initial drug concentration in any stability samples. Conclusion: Diphenhydramine hydrochloride IV admixtures of 0.2 and 1.0 mg/mL are compatible with 0.9% sodium chloride injection and 5% dextrose injection in PVC bags. These IV admixtures are stable chemically and physically for up to 14 days when stored under refrigeration (2°C-8°C).
RxLegal: Pharmacist Gag Clauses
Authors: Gabay Michael
Published: September 2018

Much publicity has surrounded the use of gag clauses in contracts between insurance companies or their pharmacy benefit managers (PBMs) and pharmacies. These clauses prohibit pharmacists from voluntarily informing patients that their prescription medication may cost less if paid for directly by them instead of through their insurance. By concealing the least expensive way to purchase a medication, critics state that gag clauses reduce transparency and medication affordability for patients and appear to be counterintuitive to one of the major activities of a PBM—negotiation of drug pricing. Due to the uproar surrounding these clauses, the bipartisan Patient Right to Know Drug Prices Act was recently introduced in Congress to effectively ban the practice.
Supporting transgender and gender-expansive children in school
Authors: Mangin Melinda
Published: September 2018

As transgender people have received greater visibility and acceptance, as well as increased legal protections, educators have begun to examine their school policies and practices with an eye toward legal compliance and a desire to be welcoming to all students. Melinda Mangin shares insights from interviews with educators who have sought to improve their policies and practices on the district, school, and classroom level. Providing support requires educators to learn about the differences between sex, gender, and sexuality; to be proactive in creating inclusive policies before issues arise; and to work closely with parents and students to understand their needs.
Kickball
Authors: Valadez Gilbert
Published: September 2018

Gilbert Valadez recalls how, when he was a 1st grade teacher, he worked with a student to overcome a situation related to her gender identity. He suggests that any teacher working in public school adopt an inclusive attitude about all students and help students become comfortable with their own gender expressions.
Miles to go
Authors: Andrus Shannon , Jacobs Charlotte , Kuriloff Peter
Published: September 2018

While some believe there is little need to be concerned about girls in education, they continue to face such ongoing stereotyping, biases, and harassment that follow them into their careers. Shannon Andrus, Charlotte Jacobs, and Peter Kuriloff explore the current state of girls’ education and discuss importance of an intersectional lens that takes into account other identities, such as race, socioeconomic status, and sexual orientation. Using data from a large-scale qualitative study of girls and teachers, the authors recommend ways to address and overcome these obstacles, including the use of active gender consciousness in the classroom.
The makings of feminist schools across the globe
Authors: Nuamah Sally A.
Published: September 2018

Despite complaints about a “boy crisis” in schools, girls in many parts of the world continue to face unnecessary obstacles to getting an adequate education. Many experience sexual assault and harassment at school, lack bathroom facilities they need during their menstrual periods, and must contend with gender stereotyping that keeps them from expressing their true identities. Sally A. Nuamah suggests that feminist schools address these inequities and put all children on an equitable footing as they pursue an education.
How dress codes criminalize males and sexualize females of color
Authors: Pavlakis Alyssa , Roegman Rachel
Published: September 2018

School dress codes have been making news as students speak out about the ways the standards appear to them to be unfair, particularly to girls and Black males. Girls’ clothing choices are singled out for being overly revealing and a distraction to boys, while Black males’ choices are perceived as being associated with criminality. The authors surveyed students and interviewed teachers at a midwestern high school to better understand their perspectives on dress code enforcement. The survey found that Black and multiracial students were disproportionately likely to be “coded” (spoken to by a school adult) or disciplined for dress code violations.
Leadership
Authors: Starr Joshua P.
Published: September 2018

Phi Delta Kappa’s CEO, Joshua Starr, points out that while school boards may tell their newly hired superintendents to be bold, visionary leaders, the job tends to include built-in incentives — such as a pension system that rewards longevity — to play it safe. If district leaders aim to challenge longstanding patterns of inequity in their local schools, they must be willing to take a stand against those who benefit from the status quo, even if that eventually costs them their job. Of course, not everybody can afford to do so.
Washington View
Authors: Ferguson Maria
Published: September 2018

With the signing of the bipartisan Strengthening Career and Technical Education for the 21st Century Act, Congress and the president managed to reauthorize the Carl T. Perkins Career and Technical Education Act (known as “Perkins”), after an earlier attempt in the Obama administration fizzled. Maria Ferguson describes the growing support for career and technical education (CTE), especially in rural areas, and sums up what the new bill does to help states and districts in their efforts to create stronger career pathways for students.
Backtalk
Authors: Kissling Mark T.
Published: September 2018

Former social studies teacher and teacher educator Mark Kissling describes how he has used the Bruce Springsteen song “Born in the U.S.A.” to guide students to think more deeply about the meaning of patriotism and the various ways to understand a single text.
Typology of “Tough Love” Leadership in Urban Schools Facing Challenging Circumstances
Authors: Berkovich Izhak , Grinshtain Yael
Published: September 2018

The myth of “tough love” leadership emerges in cultural narratives as a superior approach to improving students’ educational opportunities in urban schools facing challenging circumstances. This model, however, has not been conceptualized, and consequently, empirical research about it is lacking. We formulated a typology of tough love leadership as a mix of four behaviors that combine “tough” and “loving” approaches, with a focus on crisis management and a positive school vision. The study used the tough love leadership conceptualization to explore different mixes of tough love leadership, manifesting in four urban schools facing challenging circumstances. The study’s implications are discussed.
Urban Residents’ Place-Based Funds of Knowledge: An Untapped Resource in Urban Teacher Residencies
Authors: Vernikoff Laura , Goodwin A. Lin , Horn Colleen , Akin Sibel
Published: September 2018

Teachers who attended urban schools as students are uniquely positioned to understand both the structural context that urban schools operate within and the many funds of knowledge that urban students bring to school. The purpose of this study is to examine the funds of knowledge that individuals who have been students in urban schools and now wish to teach in a particular city in the northeastern United States bring to an urban teacher residency program. In this article, we describe these urban residents’ funds of knowledge, and argue that residents describe an emerging place-based pedagogical content knowledge.
Empty houses across North America: Housing finance and Mexico’s vacancy crisis
Authors: Monkkonen Paavo
Published: September 2018

In the wake of the housing market crash in the United States in the late 2000s, images of abandoned homes on the periphery of American cities dominated international media. Mexico continues to face a housing crisis that began at the same time, and the media similarly focus on the high rate of housing vacancy in the urban periphery. The vacancy rate is extreme in many newly built subdivisions in Mexico, yet it is also high in most central cities. In this article, I describe the role of government mortgage lending in housing vacancy rates, across and within cities in Mexico. I do this using data from the 2010 Census of Population and Housing for the 100 largest cities in the country. Cities with more housing built under the federal housing finance system have higher vacancy rates overall, and the relationship is strong in central areas of cities as well as the urban periphery. These findings imply that policymakers should not only be concerned with vacancy in newly built suburban developments, but they should also consider how the expansion of credit for new suburban housing has played a role in the hollowing out of central cities. The article has direct implications for Mexico and raises questions about the frame for debate about housing policy internationally. The structure of housing finance systems is often under-scrutinised. Scholars working in emerging markets should work to identify incentives in finance systems and how they shape urbanisation.
Treatment of phantom shocks: A case report
Authors: Hairston Danielle R , de Similien Ralph H , Himelhoch Seth , Forrester Anique
Published: September 2018

Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators have become standard preventive treatment for patients with ventricular arrhythmias and other life-threatening cardiac conditions. The advantages and efficiency of the device are supported by multiple clinical trials and outcome studies, leading to its popularity among cardiologists. Implantation of the device is not without adverse outcomes. Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator placement has been found to lead to negative psychological and psychosocial sequelae such as apprehension to engage in physical activity, chronic anxiety, decreased physical and social functioning, a nagging fear of being shocked by the device, and the development of “phantom shocks.” Defined as patient-reported shocks in the absence of evidence that the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator device has discharged, phantom shocks could impact the mental health of those affected. This article reviews the case of Mr. L, a 47-year-old man with ischemic cardiomyopathy who was seen by the psychiatry consultation team while under cardiologic care because he reported that his implantable cardioverter-defibrillator device had been shocking him despite no objective evidence after interrogating the device. A literature review of phantom shocks, their associated symptomatology, and psychological consequences are outlined and discussed.
Anabolic Steroid Cases in United States District Courts (2013–2017): Defendant Characteristics, Geographical Dispersion, and Substance Origins
Authors: Denham Bryan E.
Published: September 2018

This study examined contextual factors associated with 63 anabolic–androgenic steroid (AAS) cases involving 184 defendants in 41 United States District Courts. Information came from press releases distributed electronically by the U.S. Department of Justice across a 5-year period, January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2017. In addition to the demographic characteristics of defendants and the regions in which cases took place, the study considered the number of defendants per case, the nations from which AAS or raw materials had been imported, the presence of illicit substances beyond AAS, allegations of additional crimes, and whether a case involved public safety personnel. Courts in the South Atlantic division, and especially courts in Florida, heard the most cases involving the most defendants. Additionally, in 27 of 63 cases, defendants had obtained AAS or raw materials used to manufacture AAS from China; and in 12 of 63 cases, former police officers appeared as defendants. The study observes that more AAS sellers appear to be purchasing raw powders and liquids in bulk, using “homebrewing” techniques to increase profits and reduce counterfeiting. The relatively large number of cases in Florida may have reflected crackdowns on “pill mills” and the high-profile Biogenesis case.
Lotka’s law for the Brazilian scientific output published in journals
Authors: Da Silva Sergio , Perlin Marcelo , Matsushita Raul , Santos André AP , Imasato Takeyoshi , Borenstein Denis
Published: September 2018

Lotka’s law is a power law for the frequency of scholarly publications. We show that Lotka’s law cannot be dismissed after considering a massive sample of the number of publications of Brazilian researchers in journals listed on the SCImago Journal Rank and the Journal Citation Reports. For the SCImago Journal Rank, we found a power law with the Pareto exponent of 0.4 beyond the threshold of 50 papers. This means computing the ‘average number of publications’ of either a researcher or a discipline is of no practical significance.
Engaging Men as Fathers: How Gender Influences Men’s Involvement in Australian Family Health Services
Authors: Pfitzner Naomi , Humphreys Cathy , Hegarty Kelsey
Published: September 2018

Despite claims of “new” and “involved” fathers, research shows men’s actual fathering practices remain relatively unchanged. Increasing attention is being paid to the influence of child and family services on father engagement with calls from researchers and practitioners for a game change in parenting interventions. In this article, we draw on case study data to examine how gender impacts on maternal and child health services’ engagement with new fathers in respectful relationships programs. Our analysis shows that gender shapes men’s fathering and consequently their involvement in programs that seek to engage men as fathers. These gendered behaviors intersect with the practices, policies, and orientation of the Maternal and Child Health Service. The findings hold important implications for designing strategies to engage men in family services.
What Are Principals’ Perceptions? Recommendations for Improving the Supervision and Evaluation of Principals
Authors: Hvidston David J. , McKim Courtney Ann , Holmes William T.
Published: September 2018

The goals for this qualitative study were to examine principals’ perceptions regarding their own supervision and evaluation. Two research questions guided the qualitative inquiry: (1) What are the greatest strengths of your own supervision and evaluation? and (2) What recommendations would you give to superintendents to improve your own supervision and evaluation? The study used an online tool to gather perceptions from principals regarding their own evaluation and supervision. Participants solicited included 275 principals from elementary, middle, or high schools, in a mountain west state. Out of the participants solicited, 95 principals agreed to participate (35% response rate). The emerging themes for the first research question were (1) trust and communication and (2) goal setting. The emerging themes for the second research question were (1) regular observations with feedback and (2) components to improve supervision and evaluation. Results from this study provided implications for those who supervise principals, as well as for those who train superintendents.
Nonidentifiability in Model Calibration and Implications for Medical Decision Making
Authors: Alarid-Escudero Fernando , MacLehose Richard F. , Peralta Yadira , Kuntz Karen M. , Enns Eva A.
Published: September 2018

Background. Calibration is the process of estimating parameters of a mathematical model by matching model outputs to calibration targets. In the presence of nonidentifiability, multiple parameter sets solve the calibration problem, which may have important implications for decision making. We evaluate the implications of nonidentifiability on the optimal strategy and provide methods to check for nonidentifiability. Methods. We illustrate nonidentifiability by calibrating a 3-state Markov model of cancer relative survival (RS). We performed 2 different calibration exercises: 1) only including RS as a calibration target and 2) adding the ratio between the 2 nondeath states over time as an additional target. We used the Nelder-Mead (NM) algorithm to identify parameter sets that best matched the calibration targets. We used collinearity and likelihood profile analyses to check for nonidentifiability. We then estimated the benefit of a hypothetical treatment in terms of life expectancy gains using different, but equally good-fitting, parameter sets. We also applied collinearity analysis to a realistic model of the natural history of colorectal cancer. Results. When only RS is used as the calibration target, 2 different parameter sets yield similar maximum likelihood values. The high collinearity index and the bimodal likelihood profile on both parameters demonstrated the presence of nonidentifiability. These different, equally good-fitting parameter sets produce different estimates of the treatment effectiveness (0.67 v. 0.31 years), which could influence the optimal decision. By incorporating the additional target, the model becomes identifiable with a collinearity index of 3.5 and a unimodal likelihood profile. Conclusions. In the presence of nonidentifiability, equally likely parameter estimates might yield different conclusions. Checking for the existence of nonidentifiability and its implications should be incorporated into standard model calibration procedures.
Mirizzi syndrome complicated by common hepatic duct fistula and left hepatic atrophy: a case report
Authors: Zhou Jiang , Xiao Rui , Yang Jing-rui , Wang Lu , Wang Jia-xing , Zhang Qian , Ren Jian-jun
Published: September 2018

Background

Mirizzi syndrome is a rare complication of chronic cholecystitis, usually caused by gallstones impacted in the cystic duct or the neck of the gallbladder. Mirizzi syndrome results in compression of the hepatic duct or fistula formation between the gallbladder and common bile duct (or hepatic duct, right hepatic duct, or even mutative right posterior hepatic duct). Clinical features include abdominal pain, fever, and obstructive jaundice. Severe inflammation and adhesion at Calot’s triangle are potentially very dangerous for patients with Mirizzi syndrome undergoing cholecystectomy. Case presentation: We report the case of a 68-year-old Asian woman who presented with abdominal pain and jaundice. She had a medical history of gallstones, but no fever. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography revealed cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, common hepatic duct stones, and ascites. Findings at surgery included a porcelainized, atrophic gallbladder that was full of gallstones, fistula formation between the gallbladder and common hepatic duct, and left hepatic atrophy. The prominent feature was the left hepatic atrophy, but stones were not visible pre-operatively in the left liver by radiologic examination.

Conclusions

This patient exhibited what can be considered a special type II of Mirizzi syndrome with a fistula of the common hepatic duct as well as left hepatic atrophy.
Measuring the Profit Rate in an Inflationary Context: The Case of Brazil, 1955–2008
Authors: Marquetti Adalmir Antonio , Morrone Henrique , Miebach Alessandro , Ourique Luiz Eduardo
Published: September 2018

A debate in Marxist literature concerns the methodology for measuring the profit rate. This paper investigates this question computing the rate of profit at historical cost, current cost, constant prices, and constant GDP price for Brazil in the 1955–2008 period. Like many developing countries, Brazil experienced medium to high inflation during this period. Inflation determined the trend and cyclical movements of the profit rate at historical cost. It increased in years of rising, and declined in years of falling, inflation. The profit rate at historical cost was at odds with Brazilian economic history. The profit rate at current costs remained unaffected by the inflation rate, and its movements correspond to the historical phases of the Brazilian economy. The same is true for the profit rate at constant prices and at constant GDP price. However, the profit rate at constant prices does not account for changes in relative prices, while the profit rate at constant GDP price is computed using a weighted average of the current and past relative prices.

JEL Classification: E01, B51
Foucault, Simon Springer, and Postneoliberalism
Authors: Izsó Jaycob
Published: September 2018

Scholarship in Foucauldian governmentality has reemerged as a critical area of contemporary political discourse and has had a pronounced effect on neoliberal and postneoliberal research in the wake of the 2008 financial crisis. Perhaps the most versatile postneoliberal critic is Simon Springer, who has offered dynamic accounts of neoliberalism and its decline via a Foucauldian method. While Springer’s research is novel, I believe it is not a rigorous Foucauldian account of neoliberalism and its future.

JEL Classification: B00, F01, N00
Response Cards to Increase Engagement and Active Participation of Middle School Students With EBD
Authors: Didion Lisa Anne , Toste Jessica R. , Wehby Joseph H.
Published: September 2018

This study employed an A-B-A-B design to examine engagement and active participation among five middle school students with emotional/behavioral disorders (EBD) while using response cards for mathematics instruction. Students with EBD often exhibit off-task behaviors, which limit their engagement with classroom learning. This is of concern as students with EBD tend to have lower academic achievement compared with their peers and have shown a marked decline particularly in mathematics performance as they move from the elementary into secondary grades. When students have increased opportunities to respond (OTR)—through methods such as response cards—they are more likely to be engaged with and actively participate in instruction. In the baseline phase, students participated by traditional hand-raising. The intervention phase introduced the use of response cards. Visual analyses reveal that response cards increased the engagement of all participants. Findings were translated into the between-case standardized mean difference effect size estimates and the effect size was 1.3, suggesting that response cards may be an inexpensive and easily implemented method for increasing OTR for students with EBD.
Exploring the Influence of Hookup Culture on Female and Male Rape Myths
Authors: Reling Timothy T. , Becker Sarah , Drakeford Leah , Valasik Matthew
Published: September 2018

The present study systematically assesses the influence of hookup culture endorsement on the acceptance of female rape myths (i.e., false, stereotypical, or prejudicial beliefs regarding sexual assault involving female survivors) and male rape myths (i.e., false, stereotypical, or prejudicial beliefs about sexual assault involving male survivors). Multivariate regression analyses were conducted to assess the primary hypotheses that a particular form of hookup culture endorsement (i.e., the belief that hookups elevate an individual’s social status) would act as the primary predictor of male and female rape myth acceptance among a sample of 376 U.S. college students. As with prior research, a complex relationship emerged for both male and female rape mythology in which acceptance increases or decreases based upon the form of hookup culture endorsement examined, as the endorsement of beliefs reflecting heterosexual power dynamics (e.g., harmlessness and status attainment) functioned as positive predictors of rape myth acceptance, while beliefs challenging such assumptions (e.g., sexual freedom) served to decrease rape myth acceptance. Results supported the primary hypotheses that beliefs concerning hookups and status attainment would be the largest predictor of male rape myth acceptance and female rape myth acceptance. Consistent with prior research, the predictive power of gender and religiosity was initially significant across both male and female rape myth acceptance yet diminished when controlling for levels of hookup culture endorsement. Furthermore, analyses indicated gender differences among the influences of hookup culture endorsement for female rape myth acceptance alone, as even though beliefs concerning status served as an aggravating factor for female rape myth acceptance, beliefs concerning sexual freedom served as a mitigating factor for women only.
A Theoretical Framework for the Creative Process of Theatrical Costume Design for Historically Set Productions
Authors: Jablon-Roberts Sara , Sanders Eulanda
Published: September 2018

Millions of Americans see theatrical productions every year, each with performers clothed via costume design. The purpose of this study was to systematically examine the creative process of costume design for historically set theatrical productions. Sixteen Broadway costume designers were interviewed. Data analysis revealed that though each designer and every production is different, these costume designers approached historically set productions similarly. They believed that the presentation of history is essential, but they have their own inclination toward historical accuracy. Guided by their inclinations, they designed costumes by considering three independent production factors (applicability, attainability, and performability) and implementing four iterative strategies (incubation, research, role-playing, and historical manipulation). Through these findings, the authors developed a theoretical framework for the creative process of costume design for historically set productions. Semiotics and symbolic interactionism were applied. Analysis showed that both were unconsciously embraced by the contemporary Broadway costume designers who participated in this study.
Factors Influencing Pro-Environmental Behaviors in Craft Businesses
Authors: Vanderploeg Jennifer , Lee Seung-Eun (Joy)
Published: September 2018

Since the Arts and Crafts Movement in the early twentieth century, discourse on craft has revolved around conflicts over industrialization. The current craft movement builds on these same responses to the industrialized world while also addressing environmental issues and sustainability. However, authors of craft literature rarely address the pro-environmental business practices of craft artisans or the motivational drivers of such behaviors. In this study, we aim to rectify this imbalance by contributing to an expanded understanding of value and belief drivers of pro-environmental behaviors. The value–belief–norm theory of environmentalism is used to outline the causal influences of pro-environmental behaviors in craft businesses, and our findings support the use of the model. Craft business owners’ pro-environmental behaviors are a result of a causal relationship from values to beliefs, through feelings of obligation to act in pro-environmental ways.
The Relationship Between Participation in Extracurricular Activities, Interaction, Satisfaction With Academic Major, and Career Motivation
Authors: You Ji Won
Published: September 2018

As career development is one of the major objectives of college, this study examined how participation in extracurricular activities and interaction with faculty and peers influence satisfaction with academic major and career motivation among Korean students. A research model was proposed based on the literature review. Data were collected from 296 male and 343 female college students, and a structural equation modeling analysis was used to test the proposed model. The results showed that participation in extracurricular activities such as major-related study groups, career development-related activities, social clubs, and community service is positively related to career motivation. It was also found that frequent interaction with faculty and peers was directly and positively related to students’ satisfaction with their academic majors and was indirectly and significantly related to their career motivation. The implications of these findings for college-level measures to improve career motivation are discussed.
Utilization of Screening Mammograms in the Medicare Population Before and After the Affordable Care Act Implementation
Authors: Bozzi Laura M. , Stuart Bruce , Onukwugha Eberechukwu , Tom Sarah E.
Published: September 2018

Objective: This study examined screening mammograms in women aged 65 to 74 years and 75+ years before and after the Affordable Care Act (ACA) implementation. Method: This repeated cross-sectional study of community-dwelling women age 65+ years without a history of breast cancer or mastectomy utilized the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey and Medicare fee-for-service claims data from 2001 to 2013. We used covariate-adjusted logistic regression with generalized estimating equations, stratified by age group. Results: The adjusted odds of screening mammograms in women aged 65-74 ( n = 742) and 75+ years ( n = 681) were lower in 2013 (odds ratio [OR]: 0.75, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.67, 0.83]; OR: 0.67, 95% CI: [0.60, 0.75], respectively) than the odds of screening mammograms in 2001. Discussion: Annual screening mammograms decreased in women aged 65 to 74 years and 75+ years, despite increased access from the ACA implementation. Future research as to why women are no longer receiving screening mammograms, such as changes in physician specialty guidelines, is warranted.
Acceleration smoothing algorithm for global motion in high-speed machining
Authors: Du Jinfeng , Zhang Liqiang , Gao Tian
Published: September 2018

When machining a series of short linear segments, the computer numerical control system interpolates the machining path with the pre-specified spline curve to obtain continuous feed motion. However, to obtain adequate smooth tool-paths to smooth the feed velocity and acceleration, the computer-aided manufacturing system needs to use a higher order spline curve, which will be limited by some technical bottlenecks. In this article, a new real-time interpolation algorithm is proposed from the perspective of kinematics to achieve uninterrupted feed motion throughout the global tool-path. At the same time, the acceleration profile achieves G2 continuous to avoid unnecessary feed frustration and inertial impact, reaching the balance between time-optimal and motion performance. First, the jounce-limited acceleration curve is blended at the corner of the machining path, and the optimal cornering transition velocity is obtained by adding the velocity, acceleration and contour error constraints to the corner transition motion. Then, according to the linear segments with different lengths between the corners, combined with the feed motion around the corner, a look-ahead interpolation algorithm is proposed to calculate the maximum feed rate with the constraint of the linear segment length and kinematic boundary conditions. At last, for the linear segments whose corner contours overlap with each other after interpolation, the smooth transition between the two corners can be realized by mixing the feed motion of the next corner. Compared with non-uniform rational B-spline interpolation algorithm, the proposed algorithm reduces the total machining time by 14% and the computer numerical control system improves the computational efficiency by 11%. It proves that the proposed algorithm has better application value in the manufacturing of complex parts.
Study on the extraction and reconstruction of arbitrary frequency topography from precision machined surfaces
Authors: Pang Qilong , Kuang Liangjie , Xu Youlin , Dai Xiang
Published: September 2018

This article presents an extraction and reconstruction method for arbitrary two-dimensional and three-dimensional frequency features in precision machined surfaces. A combination of power spectrum density and continuous wavelet transform is used to analyze the potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystal surface topography. All frequencies involved in sampling area of measuring instrument are distinguished by power spectrum density method. Compared to discrete wavelet transform used to decompose frequency features, continuous wavelet transform method can extract and reconstruct two-dimensional profile and three-dimensional topography of arbitrary frequency features from original precision machined surfaces. Analysis results show that amplitude and distribution of different frequency features in two-dimensional profile or three-dimensional surface topography are fully restored by continuous wavelet transform. The effects of different factors in machining process on precision machined surface topography may be discovered. Furthermore, the extraction and reconstruction method is generally applicable for the analysis of all precision machined surfaces.