bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inughuit Nipaan: The Future of Archaeological Partnerships in Avanersuaq
Authors: Kleist Mari , Walls Matthew , Sadorana Genoveva , Simigaq Otto , Peary Aleqatsiaq
Published: March 2024

Inuit across the Arctic regions have for generations echoed a wish for a greater involvement in research and have voiced the need for direct partnerships that include Indigenous perspectives. As a consequence, researchers are becoming increasingly aware that studying other people’s past and heritage is not an inherent academic right but rather involves developing close Indigenous partnerships. Accordingly, partnership research frameworks are now being recognized as essential foundations to decolonize research practices in the Arctic, as vocalized by Inuit communities. In this paper, Inughuit community members share their personal and shared thoughts and reflections and present how they envision future partnership research approaches, how they can determine the objectives of partnered research, and what archaeology can ultimately contribute in a changing Arctic.
Inughuit nipaan: Avanersuarmi itsarnisarsiornermik suleqatigiinnerup siunissaa
Authors: Kleist Mari , Walls Matthew , Sadorana Genoveva , Simigaq Otto , Peary Aleqatsiaq
Published: March 2024

Issittumi nunat immikkoortuini Inuit ilisimatusarnermut peqataatinneqarnerunissamik kinguaariit ingerlaneranni arlaleriarlutik kissaateqartarsimapput nunallu inoqqaavisa isiginnittaasiannik peqataatitsilluni toqqaannartumik suleqatigiinnissamik pisariaqartitsineq oqariartuutigisarlugu. Tamatuma kingunerisaanik allanut qanga pisimasunik kingornussassaannillu misissuinerit ilisimatuussutsikkut pisinnaatitaaffiunnginnerat ilisimatusartunit eqqumaffigineqarnerujartulerpoq, aallaqqaataaniillu qanimut suleqatigiinnerit ineriartortinneqarnissaat ilaatinneqalerluni. Ilisimatusarnermik suleqatigiinnernut sinaakkutit Issittumi ilisimatusariaatsit nunasiaataajunnaarsarneqarnerannut pingaarutilimmik tunngaviunerat taamaammat akuerisaajartuinnarpoq, soorlu Inunnit tamanna oqariartuutigineqarsimasoq. Allaaserisami matumani Inughuit ilaasa namminneq ataatsimullu eqqarsaataat ilisaritippagut, siunissamilu suleqatigiilluni ilisimatusariaasissat qanoq takorloorneraat, suleqatigiilluni ilisimatusarnernut anguniagassat qanoq aalajangersinnaaneraat, kiisalu Issittumi allanngorartumi itsarnisarsiornerup qanoq ilanngussaqarsinnaanera saqqummiullutigu.
« Vous nous aidez à raconter notre histoire » : Restituer les histoires de vie des Inuvialuit en mode numérique et en temps réel
Authors: Gruben Ethel-Jean , Piskor Ashley , Joe Mervin , Kotokak Lena , Lyons Natasha , Hodgetts Lisa , Hennessy Kate , Edgerton Elizabeth , Stewart David , Arnold Charles , von Szombathyix Chris , Lukuku Jasmine
Published: March 2024

Les Inuvialuit ont toujours créé leur culture à travers nos/leurs pratiques de vie ancrées dans le territoire. Pour nous, « faire la culture » signifie réaliser, pratiquer et partager des activités, des chants et de la nourriture locale, dans la nature et dans les villages, ensemble avec nos familles et nos communautés. Ces niveaux d’histoire sont inscrits dans le paysage inuvialuit de langue nunangat, notre pays, et dans les voix des Aînés du passé et du présent qui parlent de leur savoir et de leur expérience. Dans cet article, nous décrivons la façon dont les communautés inuvialuit vivent en pratique encore aujourd’hui leurs traditions et les enregistrent au moyen de méthodes numériques pour élaborer un nouveau site Internet d’Histoire vivante des Inuvialuit qui rende hommage au passé, au présent et à l’avenir de nos communautés.
Tânna Suliatsagijangit Nunatsiavut Taimangasuanit katingaKatigejut Pivalliatitsigiamut Nunalimmi Itsasuanittanik
Authors: Rankin Lisa K. , Brake Jamie , Onalik Lena , Andersen Joan , Flowers Marjorie , Flowers Nicholas , Igloliorte David , Shiwak Inez , Shiwak Anthony “Jack” , Winters Katie
Published: March 2024

Tânna Nunatsiavut Taimangasuanit katimaKatigeKattajut, sakKititauKattajuk jâri tamât taimanganit 2010 ammalu kamagijauKattajut taikkununga Nunatsiavut kavamakkut Itsasuanitanik SuliaKapvinganut, katiutitsiKattajut inunnik ilauKatauKattajunut taimangasuaniusimajunut suliaKaKattajunut pisimajunit ilonnainit annigusuKattajunut Inuit Nunalinnit ammalugiallak kinakkutuinnanut KanuttogutiKaKattajunut uKâlautiKagiamut pitjutaujunut isumâlotigijaujunut ammalu sakKititsigiamut tugâgutitsanik taikkuninga kamagunnagiamut. Sukkajumik taimâk akKutiKaliaKisimajut kinakkutuinnanik ilautitsigiamut ilinganiKajunut taimangasuaniusimajunik pitjutaujunut ammalugiallak pannaigutiliugiamut ammalu ottugagiamut itsasuanitanik iluani nunagijaujunmut. Taikkua katimaKatigeKattajut atjigengitunik nunalinni jâri tamât, pivitsaKattisigiamut ullusiugiamut atjigengitunik piusigijaujunut atunik nunalinni ammalu sivulliutitsigiamut ilinganiKaluattunik atuKattagialinginnik. Itsasuanitak, tânna Kinugautigijaujuk nalunaittauluajunut nunalimmi suliatsanut, ammalu Kanuk suliagijaugajammangâmmik, uKâlautigijausimajut tamât katimaKatigeniammata ullumimut. Jâringani 2015, una SSHRC-ikajutsisimajut ikajuttigetlutik tuniggusiammik akungani Nunatsiavut kavamakkut ammalu Memorial Ilinniavitsuanga taijaujumut PiusituKak ammalu Asianottauvalliajut Akungani Labrador Inunginnut sanajausimajut kamagiamut nunalimmi taimangasuaniusimajunik isumâlotigijaujunut ammalu Kanuttogutigijaujunut sakKititausimajunut taikkutigona katimatsuaKattasimajunut ikajuttigenikkut itsasuanittaligijiujunut ammalu asigiallanut taimangasuanit ilisimallagijunut nunalinnut ikajugiamut Nunatsiavummik angutigiamut taikkuninga tugâgutinnik. Ullumi, ikajuttigennik matukasâlimmat, tunumut takuniavugut sunait pijagettausimammangâmmk, sunait ilinniatausimajut, ammalu Kanuk sivuppiaKatigegajammangâtta.
China's position on the South China Sea issue: from maintaining stability to protecting rights
Authors: Zhou Xiaoyu
Published: March 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the dynamics of the position of the Chinese leadership on the issue of ownership of the water area and marine facilities in the South China Sea. The purpose of the proposed study is to determine the specifics of China's position on the key issue of regional security in Southeast Asia. The objectives of this work are to consider the historical and economic prerequisites affecting the policy of the People's Republic of China in the South China Sea; to study the dynamics of China's diplomatic conflict with regional countries over sovereignty over the waters in the South China Sea, as well as to interpret China's approaches to solving this issue. The author considers the approach of Chinese diplomacy as a derivative of increasing China's role in global governance, which entails changes in both the regional subsystem and the global system of international relations. The study uses historical-comparative, historical-typological and problem-chronological methods, which allowed the author to study the PRC's approach to protecting its national interests in the South China Sea with a special focus on innovations introduced into China's approach due to the increasing complexity of systemic challenges for China. The relevance of this study is related to a change in the tactics of Chinese diplomacy towards more focused and tougher rhetoric, emphasizing intransigence with baseless attacks by Western countries and manipulations with the vulnerability of indigenous Chinese interests. The researcher concludes that the main task of the PRC today is to assert its influence in the South China Sea through close cooperation with ASEAN countries and strengthening regional cooperation in the South China Sea region. In view of the US desire to curb China's growth and prevent it from gaining a foothold in the Pacific and Indian Oceans, Beijing adheres to the tactics of negotiating a comprehensive Code of Conduct in the South China Sea with simultaneous unilateral economic development of the islands and waters of the South China Sea. This approach will lead to the creation of a stable and mutually beneficial regional order in East Asia.
Gene expression analysis of potato drought-responsive genes under drought stress in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars
Authors: Çelik Sadettin
Published: March 2024

The potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), an important field crop consumed extensively worldwide, is adversely affected by abiotic stress factors especially drought. Therefore, it is vital to understand the genetic mechanism under drought stress to decrease loose of yield and quality . This trial aimed to screen drought-responsive gene expressions of potato and determine the drought-tolerant potato cultivar. The trial pattern is a completely randomized block design (CRBD) with four replications under greenhouse conditions. Four cultivars (Brooke, Orwell, Vr808, Shc909) were irrigated with four different water regimes (control and three stress conditions), and the gene expression levels of 10 potato genes were investigated. The stress treatments as follows: Control = 100% field capacity; slight drought = 75% field capacity; moderate drought = 50% field capacity, and severe drought 25% field capacity. To understand the gene expression under drought stress in potato genotypes, RT-qPCR analysis was performed and results showed that the genes most associated with drought tolerance were the StRD22 gene, MYB domain transcription factor, StERD7, Sucrose Synthase (SuSy), ABC Transporter, and StDHN1. The StHSP100 gene had the lowest genetic expression in all cultivars. Among the cultivars, the Orwell exhibited the highest expression of the StRD22 gene under drought stress. Overall, the cultivar with the highest gene expression was the Vr808, closely followed by the Brooke cultivar. As a result, it was determined that potato cultivars Orwell, Vr808, and Brooke could be used as parents in breeding programs to develop drought tolerant potato cultivars.
A Retrospective Observational Study to Assess the Quality Management System in a Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory of a COVID-19 Dedicated Hospital in Delhi, India
Authors: Bhattar Sonali , Sabharwal Sukriti , Saxena Shikhar
Published: March 2024

Introduction: A molecular diagnostic laboratory is the cornerstone of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) disease diagnosis, as the patient’s treatment and management protocol depend on molecular results. Therefore, the laboratory conducting these tests must adhere to quality management process to increase the accuracy and validity of the generated reports. Rajiv Gandhi Super Speciality Hospital established its molecular diagnostic set-up at the beginning of the pandemic. Hence, this study aims to generate quality management data to help improve weak points. Aim: To assess the quality management system for COVID-19 diagnosis. Materials and Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted at Rajiv Gandhi Super Speciality Hospital in Delhi, India. A total of 14,561 samples were collected over six months, from February 2021 to July 2021. Data from all samples received during this period for COVID-19 ReverseTranscriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) testing were included. Data were retrospectively collected from the electronic Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS). Quality variables were analysed over six months from July to December 2021 and classified into preanalytical, analytical, and postanalytical variables. Quality Indicators (QIs) were selected from a common model of QIs set by the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine. The results were presented in percentages, and descriptive statistics were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Results: During the six-month study period, the molecular laboratory received 14,561 samples. Among the preanalytical variables, sample leakage was the most common cause of sample rejection (134 samples, 0.92%), followed by the non generation of Specimen Referral Form (SRF) identification (76 samples, 0.52%), and non compliance with triple packaging (44 samples, 0.3%). Other preanalytical aspects assessed included incomplete patient identification (17 samples, 0.11%), insufficient sample quantity (12 samples, 0.08%), missing forms/samples (7 samples, 0.04%), samples in the wrong vials/ empty Viral Transport Media (VTM) tubes (5 samples, 0.03%), and incomplete LIMS entry (2 samples, 0.01%). Internal Quality Control (QC) was not obtained in 55 samples (0.37%), and two incidents of cross-contamination resulted in false-positive results. Among the postanalytical factors, 11 samples (0.07%) could not be dispatched within the stipulated time frame. Conclusion: The assessment of the quality management system revealed some areas for improvement, emphasising the importance of adhering to QC processes for the smooth operation of diagnostic laboratories, especially those involved in critical reporting. The assessment of QIs helped monitor laboratory parameters effectively.
A Rare Case of Sheehan’s Syndrome Presenting as Depression and Dyselectrolytaemia in a Multiparous Woman
Authors: Maneesha M , Chenthil KS , Raveekumaran Vignessh , Mary J Jenifer Florence
Published: March 2024

Sheehan’s Syndrome (SS) is a rare endocrine condition that presents with complex features in women with intrapartum or Postpartum Haemorrhage (PPH) seen in clinical practice. The spectrum of symptoms is diverse, and early detection with prompt treatment of this endocrinopathy is facilitated by a high index of suspicion, sound clinical acumen, and an appropriate diagnostic strategy by an astute physician. SS, which manifests as a major depressive disorder, but not accompanied with dyselectrolytaemia, is an interesting finding in the present case study. In fact, most of the time, it presents with non specific symptoms that delays the diagnosis and management. Hereby, the authors present the case of a 39-year-old multiparous woman who was diagnosed with depression for two months by the psychiatrist. Later, she developed symptoms including anorexia, for which she presented to the Medicine Department. On detailed examination, her vitals were poor. Again, she was evaluated in detail for her obstetric history presented as a history of agalactia and early amenorrhoea two years ago. Followed by the history, laboratory investigation and imaging techniques were done, and found to have thinned pituitary gland and flattened against the sella floor. With this prompt examination, diagnosed with SS due to PPH. Yet, her laboratory investigation resulted in abnormal electrolytes made the final diagnosis as SS with dyselectrolytaemia and depression as neuropsychiatric manifestations. She was treated with Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT). Due to her financial constraints, her treatment switched to oral drugs and discharged Against Medical Advice (AMA) with follow-up advice.
Total Microbiological and Chemical Quality of Dry Fermented Mare’s Milk Sumbawa Using Gum Arabic (Acacia senegal) as Encapsulating Agent
Authors: Utama Arif Hendra , Sari Yunita , Andiana Pramudya , Kasri  , Faradila Riska , Awwaly Khothibul Umam Al , Radiati Lilik Eka
Published: March 2024

Dry fermented mare's milk Sumbawa by applying gum arabic (Acacia senegal) as an encapsulant agent and can improve the functionality of protein peptides to avoid their damage during process of making milk powder and can be fully absorbed by the body. This study aimed to improve the level and quality of dry fermented mare's milk Sumbawa by applying gum arabic (Acacia senegal) as an encapsulant agent by a vacuum foam drying oven method. The method used in this research was a laboratory experimental using a completely randomized design consisting of 5 treatments and 4 replications, which is T1 (20% with encapsulation gum arabic), T2 (24% with encapsulation gum arabic), T3 (28% with encapsulation gum arabic), and T4 (32% with encapsulation gum arabic). The difference in the concentration ratio of encapsulation gum arabic in dry fermented mare’s milk Sumbawa gave a very significant difference (P<0.01) in total plate count (T4 : 6.09 x 105 CFU/ml), potential of hydrogen (T4 : 4.60), total titration lactic acid (T4 : 1.27%), and total protein (3.72%). This analysis has shown that encapsulation can be achieved by adding gum arabic to the preparation of dry fermented mare’s milk Sumbawa.
Formulation and Validation of Organic Insect Pest Management Module for Pests of Cabbage and Cauliflower in Valley and Foot Hills Region, Manipur, India
Authors: Beemrote Aruna , Ningombam Arati , Akoijam Romila
Published: March 2024

During the rabi seasons from 2017 to 2020 in the valley and foothill regions of Imphal, Manipur, a study was conducted to design and test three different organic insect pest management modules M1, M2 and M3 for cabbage and cauliflower. The focus was on three major pests: cabbage butterfly, diamondback moth, and cabbage aphid. Module three (M-3) emerged as the most effective strategy, incorporating various organic practices. This included seed treatment with Trichoderma harzianum at 10g/kg seed and soil drenching in nursery plots at 25g/100 m2, intercropping with mustard, application of anonnin extract at 5 ml/litre, Spinosad 45% SC (biopesticide) at 3ml/10 litres, and Verticillium lecanii at 10 ml/litre. Additionally, the module incorporated the installation of yellow sticky traps for aphids and pheromone traps for diamondback moths for monitoring and mass trapping. The results indicated that Module 3 performed well than other modules and the control group in reducing insect pest incidence on cabbage and cauliflower with the number of cabbage butterfly ranging from 0.07 to 0.11, in both cabbage and cauliflower, where as 0.06 to 0.04 in case of Diamond back moth and 0.21 to 0.47 number of cabbage aphid per square inch leaf area with B:C ratio of 1:12.4 and 1:12.7 for cabbage and 1:6:39 and1:6.41 for cauliflower at lamphel and lanol fields, respectively.  Moreover, it contributed to an increased yield, demonstrating its superiority in organic insect pest management for both valley and foothill regions. This underscores the effectiveness of a holistic and integrated approach to pest management in organic farming practices.
Application and Effects of Different Herbicides against Weed Flora in Wheat Crop for Sustainable Agriculture
Authors: Mishra Bishal Kumar , Singh Phool Chandra
Published: March 2024

Weed management is a sustainable approach which promotes the majority of crop production. To control weeds in various cropping systems, farmers employ a variety of techniques, although nowadays, the most popular method is the application of herbicides, which can be attributed to labour shortage. Application and effects of different herbicides against weed flora in wheat crop for sustainable agriculture," was conducted in 2020 and 2021. The experiment's goal was to assess how many herbicides performed against complex weed flora in wheat crop. The experiment was planned and laid out with nine treatments which are pre-emergance application of pendinethalin 1.0 kg a.i. ha-1 at (3 DAS) (T2) and post emergence application of metribuzin 0.3 kg a.i. ha-1 (T1), sulfosulfuron 0.03 kg a.i. ha-1 (T3), metsulfuron-methyl 0.005 kg a.i. ha-1 (T4), clodinafop-propargyl 0.04 kg a.i. ha-1 kg (T5), 2,4-D 0.6 kg a.i. ha-1 (T6), carfentrazone-ethyl 0.025 kg a.i. ha-1 (T7), weed free (T8) and weedy check (T9) and four replications under randomized block design. The major weeds infesting the wheat crop field were Anagallis arvensis, Chenopodium album, Phalaris minor, Parthenium hysterophorus and Cyperus rotundus. The post-emergence application of carfentrazone-ethyl 0.025 kg a i/ha at 33 days after sowing was most efficient in controlling the weeds (both grassy and non-grassy) among the various applied herbicides. Weed growth suppression effect of carfentrazone-ethyl 0.025 resulted significant increase the growth parameters, yield attributes and higher economic yield of wheat over check control in order to promote the sustainability.
Shree Anna (Millets): A Nutritional and Agrarian Solution to Food Production
Authors: Devi Okram Abemsana , Saikia Anadi Ranjan , Ghorband Anil Sheshrao , Saikanth DRK , Badekhan Almaszabeen , Aresh Jinnamu , Hazarika Sanjay , Gireesha D.
Published: March 2024

In the quest for sustainable and nutritious food solutions, "Shree Anna (Millets)" emerges as a promising candidate, offering a multifaceted approach to addressing contemporary global food challenges and agrarian and nutritional aspects of millets, underscoring their potential in transforming food production paradigms. As ancient grains, millets encompass a variety of types such as pearl, foxtail, and finger millet, each boasting a unique nutritional profile rich in vitamins, minerals, and fiber, while being low in glycemic index. Their agrarian advantages are notable; millets are hardy crops, resilient to harsh weather conditions, requiring minimal water and thriving in sub-optimal soil, making them ideal for sustainable farming and a beacon of hope for food security in climate-vulnerable regions. The article further explores the historical significance of millets in traditional diets, their decline, and the contemporary resurgence driven by health and environmental consciousness. It examines the health benefits of millets, particularly in combating malnutrition and chronic diseases like diabetes and heart conditions. Additionally, the economic implications of millet cultivation are analyzed, highlighting market trends, the impact on farmers' livelihoods, and the role of government policies and global initiatives in promoting millet-based diets. Through case studies and empirical data, the article presents the challenges and future prospects in millet cultivation, processing, and marketing, proposing solutions and innovations for the broader integration of millets in global food systems. This comprehensive exploration positions millets not just as a food item but as a crucial component in the narrative of future food security, sustainable agriculture, and nutritional well-being.
Prevalência de enxaqueca e a relação com o consumo de café entre acadêmicos e professores de uma universidade
Authors: Sousa Miguel Rebouças de , Silva Filho Edilson Santos , Honorato Marcos Manoel , Cremaschi Renata Carvalho , Coelho Fernando Morgadinho
Published: March 2024

Objetivos: estabelecer e caracterizar a prevalência de enxaqueca e sua relação com o consumo de cafeína entre acadêmicos e professores de uma universidade pública do oeste do Pará. Metodologia: estudo transversal, de caráter exploratório-descritivo, quantitativo, com dados obtidos através de formulários do Google Forms®, em amostra de 214 acadêmicos e professores dos cursos da área de saúde da Universidade do Estado do Pará, em Santarém. A associação entre as variáveis categóricas (gênero, ocupação, curso, características da cefaleia e consumo de café) foi calculada pelo teste exato de Fisher. Resultados: a prevalência de cefaleia foi de 74%, dos quais 75% apresentavam características clinicas de enxaqueca. Entre os alunos, 75% apresentavam queixa de cefaleia, dos quais 87,8% referiam frequência de 1-15 episódios por mês. Entre os docentes, a prevalência de cefaleia foi de 65%. A maioria era do sexo feminino (62%) e do curso de medicina (51%). Quanto ao consumo diário de café, 95% dos participantes ingerem de 1-5 xícaras de café, com 28% referindo piora da cefaleia e 39% melhora com o consumo de café. Não houve associação significativa entre a quantidade diária de café ingerida e a frequência de cefaleia (p=0,315). Conclusão: a ocorrência de enxaqueca é elevadano meio universitário, assim como o consumo de café, mas não é possível estabelecer uma relação direta. Ambos podem interferir na qualidade de vida de alunos e professores, sendo necessários mais estudos e medidas de prevenção e controle adequados, minimizando os prejuízos individuais e coletivos.
Manipulation and force as sexual coercion tactics: conceptual and empirical differences
Authors: Lyndon Amy E. , White Jacquelyn W. , Kadlec Kelly M.
Published: April 2007

This study examines the relationship between perpetrator characteristics, situational characteristics, and type of sexual coercion tactics used to obtain sexual contact (including sexual intercourse) with an unwilling partner. Men who used manipulation or force were compared to each other and to men who engaged in only consensual sex. Participants were college men drawn from the first wave of a 5‐year longitudinal study. Stepwise discriminant function analyses, univariate analyses of variance (ANOVA), and χ2 analyses tested group differences. As predicted, men who used force reported more childhood sexual abuse, witnessed more domestic violence, were more accepting of male violence, and were less likely to endorse love as a motive for sex than men in both the manipulation and consent groups. Men in the force group were also more likely to have had a casual relationship with the woman, and to be drinking and also intoxicated during the coercive incident than men in the manipulation group. Hypothesized differences between men who used force and manipulation regarding parental physical punishment, traditional gender role attitudes, delinquency, hedonistic and dominance motives for sex, prior sexual contact, and the length of the relationship were not supported. The results suggest that types of tactic used in sexual assaults can be distinguished on the basis of person and situational variables and that knowledge of these differences can facilitate future research, as well as rape deterrent and intervention programs. Aggr. Behav. 33:291–303, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sequence and priming in 15 month‐olds' reactions to brief arm restraint: evidence for a hierarchy of anger responses
Authors: Potegal Michael , Robison Sarah , Anderson Fiona , Jordan Catherine , Shapiro Elsa
Published: April 2007

Brief, gentle arm restraint is widely used in experimental studies of children's anger, but the pattern of responses generated by such restraint has been incompletely described. We now describe a hierarchy of responses within trials as well as an escalation across trials that have both methodological and theoretical significance. Mothers of 87 15‐month olds prevented them from playing with a toy by restraining their arms on two consecutive 30 sec trials. Physical struggling was the first and most frequent response; children who struggled were significantly more likely to vocalize, and those who vocalized were significantly more likely to show facial expressions of anger. The children's responses became more probable, rapid, and intense during Trial 2 restraint. Overall, the hierarchy was orderly enough to meet criteria for Guttman scalability. The particular sequence observed suggests situational, as opposed to bio‐energetic, ordering of responses. Methodologically, the two trial paradigm is a simple, ecologically valid model for studying anger escalation that parallels the “attack priming” of aggression in other species. The magnitude and persistence of anger priming may provide novel measures of anger regulation. Theoretically, the existence of an orderly response hierarchy is consistent with previous observations suggesting that, within a situational context, the sequential appearance of specific behaviors may indicate progressive increases in anger intensity. Aggr. Behav. 33:508–518, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Women who kill their husbands: mariticides in contemporary Ghana
Authors: Adinkrah Mensah
Published: April 2007

Homicide by wives against husbands is a largely unexplored subject in lethal violence research. The paucity of information on the phenomenon is particularly acute in the non‐Western world where scholarly research is virtually nonexistent. The specific goal for this article, then, was to provide additional insights into the issue by investigating wife‐to‐husband killings that occurred in Ghana, a non‐Western society, during 1990–2005. In line with the scant, extant literature, the results of the analysis demonstrate that victims were invariably slain at home. The motive for the crime was to punish a womanizing husband, a husband who had taken another wife, or one who was contemplating wedding another wife in this polygynous society. In other instances, the homicidal intent was to physically eliminate a husband to facilitate an amorous relationship between the assailant and her new lover. In several cases, husband‐slayers killed a latent or predisposing victim (e.g. sleeping or ill) via burning, slashing with a machete or food poisoning. The implications of the findings are discussed. Aggr. Behav. 33:526–536, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cover Picture: Vapor Sorption and Electrical Response of Au‐Nanoparticle– Dendrimer Composites (Adv. Funct. Mater. 6/2007)
Authors: Krasteva N. , Fogel Y. , Bauer R. E. , Müllen K. , Joseph Y. , Matsuzawa N. , Yasuda A. , Vossmeyer T.
Published: April 2007

The cover shows chemiresistors and mass‐sensitive vapor sensors coated with Au‐nanoparticle/dendrimer composites. The Au nanoparticles provide the film with electrical conductivity and the dendrimers control the chemical selectivity, as reported by Nadjedja Krasteva and co‐workers on p. 881. Analyte sorption follows a combined Henry–Langmuir model, and measurements reveal that sorption‐induced increase in film resistance scales linearly with the concentration of analyte sorbed in the film. The background shows a silicon wafer with lithographically defined microelectrode structures for chemiresistor fabrication.

Films comprising Au nanoparticles and polyphenylene dendrimers (first and second generation) are deposited onto transducer substrates via layer‐by‐layer self‐assembly and characterized by atomic force microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Their sorption behavior is studied by measuring the uptake of solvents from the vapor phase with quartz crystal microbalances (QCMs). The resistance of the films is simultaneously monitored. Both sensor types, QCMs and chemiresistors, give qualitatively very similar response isotherms that are consistent with a combination of Henry‐ and Langmuir‐type sorption processes. The sorption‐induced increase in relative differential resistance scales linearly with the amount of analyte accumulated in the films. This result is in general agreement with an activated tunneling process for charge transport, if little swelling and only small changes in the permittivity of the film occur during analyte sorption (a first‐order approximation). The relative sensitivity of the films to different solvents decreases in the order toluene ≈ tetrachloroethylene > 1‐propanol ≫ water. Films containing the larger second‐generation dendrimers show higher sensitivity than films containing first‐generation dendrimers.
ConocoPhillips, Gates will receive CPR's 2007 corporate leadership award
Authors: Bleemer Russ
Published: April 2007

Details on the 2007 recipients of CPR's Corporate Leadership Award, and CPR's presence at this month's ABA Dispute Resolution Section conference, as well as a roundup of 11 CPR events.
A case study demonstrates how the entertainment business–and everyone else—can benefit by using hybrid Med‐Arb processes
Authors: Phillips Gerald F.
Published: April 2007

Gerald F. Phillips, of Los Angeles, analyzes a hybrid med‐arb case in which he served as a neutral. The process worked, and the author uses the example to help him make the case for more hybrid ADR processes for sophisticated parties, which, for Phillips, is a long‐running awareness campaign
Titelbild: Nitrogen–Carbon Bond Formation from N2 and CO2 Promoted by a Hafnocene Dinitrogen Complex Yields a Substituted Hydrazine (Angew. Chem. 16/2007)
Authors: Bernskoetter Wesley H. , Lobkovsky Emil , Chirik Paul J.
Published: April 2007

Zwei normalerweise inerte Moleküle, Distickstoff und Kohlendioxid, werden mithilfe einer tetramethylsubstituierten Bis(cyclopentadienyl)hafnium‐Verbindung aktiviert und unter Bildung von Kohlenstoff‐Stickstoff‐Bindungen verknüpft. Ein so erhaltenes silylgeschütztes Carboxy‐Hydrazin (zentrale Struktur) wird aus dem Komplex bei der Behandlung mit dem Elektrophil Me3SiI freigesetzt, wie auf dem Titelbild dargestellt ist. Mehr zu dieser Umsetzung findet sich in der Zuschrift von P. J. Chirik et al. auf S. 2916 ff.
Palladium Complexes of N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes as Catalysts for Cross‐Coupling Reactions—A Synthetic Chemist's Perspective
Authors: Kantchev Eric Assen B. , O'Brien Christopher J. , Organ Michael G.
Published: April 2007

Palladium‐catalyzed CC and CN bond‐forming reactions are among the most versatile and powerful synthetic methods. For the last 15 years, N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have enjoyed increasing popularity as ligands in Pd‐mediated cross‐coupling and related transformations because of their superior performance compared to the more traditional tertiary phosphanes. The strong σ‐electron‐donating ability of NHCs renders oxidative insertion even in challenging substrates facile, while their steric bulk and particular topology is responsible for fast reductive elimination. The strong PdNHC bonds contribute to the high stability of the active species, even at low ligand/Pd ratios and high temperatures. With a number of commercially available, stable, user‐friendly, and powerful NHC–Pd precatalysts, the goal of a universal cross‐coupling catalyst is within reach. This Review discusses the basics of Pd–NHC chemistry to understand the peculiarities of these catalysts and then gives a critical discussion on their application in CC and CN cross‐coupling as well as carbopalladation reactions.
Hospital volume does not influence long-term survival of patients undergoing surgery for oesophageal or gastric cancer
Authors: Thompson A M , Rapson T , Gilbert F J , Park K G M
Published: April 2007

Background

Guidelines suggest that surgery for oesophageal and gastric cancer should be conducted in large cancer centres. This national study examined the relationship between hospital volume and outcome in Scotland.

Methods

This was a prospective, population-based study of 3293 consecutive patients with oesophageal or gastric cancer diagnosed between 1997 and 1999. Some 1302 patients underwent surgery and were followed for 5 years after operation.

Results

The 5-year adjusted overall survival rate for the 3293 patients was 18·7 (95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 17·2 to 20·2) per cent and that after surgical resection was 39·6 (95 per cent c.i. 36·3 to 43·0) per cent. Death within 1 year after surgical resection was associated with a postoperative complication (odds ratio (OR) 2·5 (95 per cent c.i. 1·6 to 3·8); P < 0·001) or resection margin involvement by tumour (OR 7·2 (95 per cent c.i. 1·1 to 47·5); P = 0·042) after adjustment for age, sex and tumour location. There was no relationship between hospital volume and postoperative morbidity or mortality, nor between survival and volume of patients either for hospital of diagnosis or hospital of surgery.

Conclusion

This population-based study of oesophageal and gastric cancer suggests that the link between hospital volume and long-term survival for patients undergoing surgery requires re-evaluation.
Improving respiration in patients with tetraplegia by functional electrical stimulation: An anatomical perspective
Authors: Bell Sarah , Shaw‐Dunn John , Gollee Henrik , Allan David B. , Fraser Matthew H. , McLean Alan N.
Published: April 2007

Patients with tetraplegia often have respiratory complications because of paralysis of the abdominal and intercostal muscles. Functional electrical stimulation (FES) has been used to improve breathing in these patients by applying surface stimulation to the abdominal muscles. We aimed to find the best nerves to stimulate directly to increase tidal volume and make cough more effective. Surface electrodes were placed on a patient's abdominal wall to find the optimum points for surface stimulation. These positions were plotted on a transparent sheet. The abdomino‐intercostal nerves were dissected in five male dissecting room cadavers matched for size with the patient. The plastic sheet was then superimposed over each of the dissections to clarify the relationship between optimum surface stimulation points and the underlying nerves. Results show that the optimum surface stimulation points overlie the course of abdomino‐intercostal nerves T9, 10, and 11. The success with selecting stimulation points associated with T9, 10, and 11 is probably because of the large mass of abdominal muscle supplied by these nerves. The constant position of the nerves below the ribs makes the intercostal space a possible site for direct stimulation of the abdomino‐intercostal nerves. Clin. Anat. 20:689–693, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A breast modeler based on analysis of breast scans
Authors: Seo Hyewon , Cordier Frederic , Hong Kyunghi
Published: April 2007

The advent of 3D scanning technology has allowed effective measurement and analysis of breast size and shape, attracting interests by plastic surgeons, brassier designers, etc. Much work remains, however, before 3D scanning systems can be successfully used in automated analysis and synthesis of the breast—filtering noise, filling holes, and, in case a statistical analysis is desired, finding correspondence among each scan data. Moreover, analysis of a sagged breast is difficult to obtain, due to occlusions. In this paper, we address the problems and specific issues of using 3D scan data for the analysis and synthesis of breast models. The goal of our work is to build a breast modeler which can help both surgeons and garment designers in analyzing breast volume and surface measurements. Given enough samples of scanned breasts, our modeler can generate highly realistic breast shape, with some expected and consistent variability. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic Behavior of an Integrated System of Deactivation and Regeneration
Authors: Xu C.
Published: April 2007

The integration of deactivation and regeneration often leads to a significant reduction in investment and operating costs. In this work, the stability of the integrated system is analyzed by the Brouwer fix‐point theorem, and the transition of the state‐variable is simulated by a numerical method. It is found that there is a fix‐point in state‐space for the integrated system of deactivation and regeneration. The steady‐state can finally be attained after the disturbance becomes constant. Furthermore, there are four kinds of transient patterns, i.e., monotone self‐stabilization, monotone self‐stabilization with dead zone, self‐stabilization with reverse characteristic, and damped‐oscillation.
Unmasking Melon by a Complementary Approach Employing Electron Diffraction, Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopy, and Theoretical Calculations—Structural Characterization of a Carbon Nitride Polymer
Authors: Lotsch Bettina V. , Döblinger Markus , Sehnert Jan , Seyfarth Lena , Senker Jürgen , Oeckler Oliver , Schnick Wolfgang
Published: April 2007

Poly(aminoimino)heptazine, otherwise known as Liebig's melon, whose composition and structure has been subject to multitudinous speculations, was synthesized from melamine at 630 °C under the pressure of ammonia. Electron diffraction, solid‐state NMR spectroscopy, and theoretical calculations revealed that the nanocrystalline material exhibits domains well‐ordered in two dimensions, thereby allowing the structure solution in projection by electron diffraction. Melon ([C6N7(NH2)(NH)]n, plane group p2 gg, a=16.7, b=12.4 Å, γ=90°, Z=4), is composed of layers made up from infinite 1D chains of NH‐bridged melem (C6N7(NH2)3) monomers. The strands adopt a zigzag‐type geometry and are tightly linked by hydrogen bonds to give a 2D planar array. The inter‐layer distance was determined to be 3.2 Å from X‐ray powder diffraction. The presence of heptazine building blocks, as well as NH and NH2 groups was confirmed by 13C and 15N solid‐state NMR spectroscopy using 15N‐labeled melon. The degree of condensation of the heptazine core was further substantiated by a 15N direct excitation measurement. Magnetization exchange observed between all 15N nuclei using a fp‐RFDR experiment, together with the CP‐MAS data and elemental analysis, suggests that the sample is mainly homogeneous in terms of its basic composition and molecular building blocks. Semiempirical, force field, and DFT/plane wave calculations under periodic boundary conditions corroborate the structure model obtained by electron diffraction. The overall planarity of the layers is confirmed and a good agreement is obtained between the experimental and calculated NMR chemical shift parameters. The polymeric character and thermal stability of melon might render this polymer a pre‐stage of g‐C3N4 and portend its use as a promising inert material for a variety of applications in materials and surface science.
Anion‐Templated Calix[4]arene‐Based Pseudorotaxanes and Catenanes
Authors: Lankshear Michael D. , Evans Nicholas H. , Bayly Simon R. , Beer Paul D.
Published: April 2007

We present the rational design and anion‐binding properties of the first anion‐templated pseudorotaxanes and catenanes in which the “wheel” component is provided by a calix[4]arene macrobicyclic unit. The designs and syntheses of two new calix[4]arene macrobicycles, 2 and 3, are presented, and the abilities of these new species both to bind anions and to undergo anion‐dependent pseudorotaxane formation are demonstrated. Furthermore, it is shown that performing ring‐closing metathesis reactions on some of these pseudorotaxane assemblies gives novel catenane species 14 and 15, in which the yield of interlocked molecule obtained is critically dependent on the presence of a suitable anion template, namely, chloride. Exchange of the chloride anion in catenane 14 a for hexafluorophosphate gives catenane 14 d, which contains a unique anion‐binding domain defined by the permanently interlocked hydrogen‐bond‐donating calix[4]arene macrobicycle and pyridinium macrocycle fragments. The anion‐binding properties of this domain are presented, and shown to differ from non‐interlocked components.
Vibrational Spectroscopic Study on Ion Solvation and Association of Lithium Perchlorate in 4‐Methoxymethyl‐ethylene Carbonate
Authors: Qiao Hong‐Wei , Luan He‐Lin , Zhou Zhi‐Ming , Yao Wen
Published: April 2007

Solvation interaction and ion association in solutions of lithium perchlorate/4‐methoxymethyl‐ethylene carbonate (MEC) have been studied by using Infrared and Raman spectra as a function of concentration of lithium perchlorate. The splitting of ring deformation band and ring ether asymmetric stretching band, and the change of carbonyl stretching band suggest that there should be a strong interaction between Li+ and the solvent molecules, and the site of solvation should be the oxygen atom of carbonyl group. The apparent solvation number of Li+ was calculated by using band fitting technique. The solvation number was decreased from 3.3 to 1.1 with increasing the concentration of LiClO4/MEC solutions. On the other hand, the band fitting for the ClO−4 band revealed the presence of contact ion pair, and free ClO−4 anion in the concentrated solutions.
Preparation and Photocatalytic Properties of Ti1−xZrxO2 Solid Solution
Authors: Gao Bi‐Fen , Ma Ying , Cao Ya‐An , Gu Zhan‐Jun , Zhang Guang‐Jin , Yao Jian‐Nian
Published: April 2007

A series of Ti1−xZrxO2 materials were synthesized through a multistep sol‐gel process. The structural characteristics were investigated using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman measurements. The experimental results showed that a solid solution could be obtained at low Zr/(Ti+Zr) molar ratios (x≦0.319). Raman measurements exhibited that the presence of zirconium in the solid solutions greatly retarded the amorphous‐anatase and anatase‐rutile transitions. The diffuse reflectance UV‐Vis spectra revealed that the bandgap of the solid solution was enlarged gradually with the increment of incorporated zirconium content. The Ti1−xZrxO2 solid solutions exhibited higher photocatalytic activity than pure TiO2 for the degradation of 4‐chlorophenol aqueous solution.
Elements in the Sera of Preschool Children Living in Central Taiwan
Authors: Chen Chien‐Yi , Lin Ding‐Bang , Chen Wen‐Kang
Published: April 2007

This study assessed elemental concentrations in the serum of 154 preschool children in central Taiwan via instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). A total of eight elements, Br, Cl, Fe, Na, Rb, Sc, Se and Zn of sera for Taiwanese preschool children living at four residential areas:Taichung city, Taichung urban townships and in a remote area inhabited by two groups of aborigines, Atayal and Bunun were determined. Standard reference materials (tomato leaves, NIST‐SRM 1570a, and lichen, IAEA‐336) were used as quality control standards to crosscheck the accuracy. Residential area, socioeconomic status and gender were shown to significantly influence serum levels of the eight trace elements. Statistical analysis revealed several different gender patterns via the two‐tailed student's test. A quantified index of agreement (AT) was used to classify these elements. Small AT indicated a close consistency, while large AT indicated a larger fluctuation, or less agreement, such that the correlation between the elements could be interpreted using a series of quantified indices at the serum levels of preschool children.
Polymer‐Supported Chiral Monodentate Phosphoramidites in Palladium‐Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation Reactions
Authors: Jiang Zhi‐Dong , Meng Zhao‐Hai
Published: April 2007

A new and simple method for immobilization of monodentate chiral ligand on the cheap resin has been developed. A series of resin‐immobilized phosphoramidite ligands based on BINOL and TADDOL backbones have been synthesized and characterized with gel‐phase NMR. The immobilized ligands have been applied to the Pd‐catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation of 1,3‐diphenyl‐2‐propenyl acetate. Among four ligands, the supported bulky monodentate phosphoramidite ligand based on TADDOL backbone afforded the chiral product with ee up to 65%; moreover, this ligand could be recycled for 3 times without substantial decrease of the conversion and ee.
Reduced Species (HSO−2, SO·−2) Promoted One‐Pot Efficient Synthesis of Phenyl Alkyl Selenides
Authors: Tang Ri‐Yuan , Zhong Ping , Lin Qiu‐Lian
Published: April 2007

Reduced species (HSO−2, SO·−2) promoted one‐pot synthesis of phenyl alkyl selenides has been developed. This synthetic method was achieved by reactions of diphenyl diselenide with alkyl halides at room temperature. It is noteworthy that the reactions were operated under mild reaction conditions, required short time, and got good results. A single electron transfer reaction mechanism was proposed for the reaction.
Synthesis of Antipyrine Derivatives Derived from Dimedone
Authors: Ei ashry E. S. H. , Awad L. F. , Ibrahim E. I. , Bdeewy O. Kh.
Published: April 2007

Coupling of dimedone with the diazonium salt of 4‐aminoantipyrine afforded 2,3‐dimethyl‐4‐[2‐(5,5‐dimethyl‐ 2,6‐dioxocyclohex‐2‐ylidend)‐hydrazino]‐5‐oxo‐1‐phenylpyrazoline (3). Reaction of 3 with excess phenylhydrazine gave the mixed trishydrazone derivative 4. Treatment of 3 with hydroxylamine produced the bisoxime 5 which upon dehydrative cyclization with acetic anhydride gave the corrsponding tetrahydrobenzo[d][1,2,3]triazole derivative 7. A one‐pot synthesis of 7 was done by reacting 3 with hydroxylamine hydrochloride in pyridine, followed by heatment with acetic anhydride.
Simple partial volume transceive coils for in vivo 1H MR studies at high magnetic fields
Authors: Choi In‐Young , Lee Sang‐Pil , Garwood Michael , Ugurbil Kamil , Merkle Hellmut
Published: April 2007

The development of simple radiofrequency (RF) coils for magnetic resonance (MR) of the human brain is still of high interest in the engineering of systems for which phased arrays are not yet available. Particularly, high‐field MR studies will benefit from configurations with simple coils that are easy to build and require only a few RF parts for operation (e.g., quadrature hybrids). In this article we describe selected simple transmit/receive (transceive) partial volume coil assemblies for human brain studies at high magnetic fields of 3, 4, and 7 T (130, 170, and 300 MHz). To characterize coil performance, the experimental results of MRI of phantoms, anatomical MRI, and single‐voxel MRS of healthy human volunteers are presented. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 31B: 71–85, 2007.