bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“A Room of One's Own”: The local aspect of privacy
Authors:   Dostoevsky Omsk State University, Chesnokova Lesya V.
Published: June 2021

The article deals with the local aspect of privacy, embodied in a human dwelling. The aim of the research is to philosophically analyze the local aspect of privacy, to identify its essential characteristics. The study is based on an integrated approach that includes logical, hermeneutic-interpretive and comparative methods. The novelty of the work lies in the conceptualization of the socio-philosophical phenomenon of local privacy. The presence of a private space closed from the eyes of the public gives an individual a sense of security and peace. In many cultures, the house is endowed with special symbolism, being a reflection of a human body, an expanded image of “Self”. A home designed according to one’s own taste, in which loved ones live and personal belongings that evoke images and memories are stored, provides an identity, a state of stability and rootedness. Staying in a private space provides an opportunity to take a break from social roles, from the need for constant self-presentation in public. The right to private property, protected by laws and social norms, guarantees the autonomy of the subject. On the contrary, unlawful entry into a home is an attack on human freedom and dignity. A private space, localized in one’s own room, apartment or house, is a person’s existential need.
The system of relationships to parents in children suffering from gastroenterological and rheumatoid diseases
Authors:   Crimean Engineering and Pedagogical University named after Fevzi Yakubov, Ushakova Vladislava R.
Published: June 2021

The article examines the system of relations to parents (to father and mother) in children suffering from gastroenterological and rheumatoid diseases. The study of domestic authors on this issue is carried out in the framework of identifying the child’s attitude to the disease and the influence of parental attitude on the occurrence and course of the disease. Through the prism of the child’s attitude to parents, his perception of the family system of relations, the specificity of interaction in the triad “mother–child–father” is determined. The study involved 350 children aged 10–12 years, including 180 schoolchildren with gastroenterological diseases and 170 children with rheumatoid diseases. Research methods are conversation and questioning. Parents of children with gastroenterological diseases often conflict and transfer the conflict to the plane of relations with the child, involving him in a scandal. Mothers of children with rheumatoid diseases protect them from a strict father through tears and tantrums, which makes the child feel sorry for the mother and a great dislike for the father. Lack of attention and care, mainly of mothers, children with gastroenterological and rheumatoid diseases compensate through their illness.
Dwubiegunowość postaw wobec zjawiska migracji i ich odzwierciedlenie w języku dyskursu medialnego
Authors: Majewska-Zarychta Joanna
Published: June 2021

This article presents the attitudes of persons who are friendly and unfriendly towards migration phenomenon. These attitudes are on two opposite poles, from extremely positive to extremely negative. Both in everyday language as well as in the media language or the language of the elite one can notice this outlined bipolarity of attitudes. The article discusses the definition of attitude as an element of intercultural communication that shapes relationships on the international stage. The pro and contra arguments present the complexity of the migration phenomenon. Contra arguments are reinforced by stereotypes about migrants, which were described using examples from the media. The evidence of a strong polarization of attitudes and above all a negative attitude towards migration is given by numerous examples of hate speech in socio-political discourse. It appears in both liberal, leftist and rightist magazines. This phenomenon seems interesting from a linguistic point of view, but one needs to know that it is associated with various social tensions which also affect language.
Radio jako narzędzie propagandy w III Rzeszy
Authors: Janowska Aleksandra
Published: June 2021

Those whose interests are closely focused on the history of Germany, would find the term of Nazi propaganda exceptionally interesting. This is, in particular, when focusing on the history of the Third Reich. This case is directly correlated to the Minister of Propaganda and Public Enlightenment – Joseph Goebbels, who, before the Second World War, used the so-called Volksempfänger (people’s receiver) in order to spread the Nazi propaganda. At the outbreak of the World War II, 70% of the citizens of the Third Reich had radio receivers in their homes. Military marches and Hitler’s speeches were, as a matter of fact, the only means of entertainment provided to the listeners. Anything that was in the service of propaganda, could be heard on the radio – other kinds of broadcasts were strictly prohibited.
After war, radio became a reappearing motif in the movies, books and music. Jacob der Lügner ( Jacob the Liar,) a novel written by Jurek Becker, makes for a relevant example of such a case. The main character of the story, uses radio communication as a tool to help other Jews in the ghetto believe that they may soon regain freedom. Even though in case of both – Nazi Germany and the aforementioned work, the radio was used as a manipulation tool, its concluding manifestation was different. In Goebbels’s case, manipulation was closely related to propaganda, whereas in Becker’s novel, it was supposed to give a false hope for a better tomorrow.
Imaging soil structure to measure soil functions and soil health with X-ray computed micro-tomography
Authors:   Michigan State University, USA, Kravchenko Alexandra , Guber Andrey ,   Michigan State University, USA
Published: June 2021

The use of non-invasive imaging techniques expands opportunities to characterize soil health and functioning, complementing the information from the traditional soil structure analyses. Soil pore architecture drives water and gas fluxes, chemical transport, activity and movement of soil biota; and imaging techniques are particularly suitable for quantifying it. Here we discuss the potential for X-ray computed micro-tomography (X-ray µCT) as a tool to characterize key parameters of soil pore architecture, such as measures of macroporosity, pore connectivity, pore shape, and solid-to-pore distance. We also provide a brief overview of the principles behind X-ray µCT, examples of the latest literature that implemented these pore measures for soil characterization, and recommendations for the methods that can be used to determine these characteristics using publicly available software ImagJ. We also assembled a list of resources where in-depth information and comprehensive reviews of the current literature can be found.
End of History or the Beginning of Global Tyranny in Capitalism: A Re-Interpretation of the Imperial Sources
Authors: Abba Abubakar Sadeeque , Stephen Izu Iroro , Basheer Suleiman Mohammed
Published: June 2021

The task undertaken in this paper is an attempt to contextualize the invidious and seemingly invincible role being played by major political ‘capitals’ in the reification, deification, hence hegemonization of the capitalist ideology in the global economic system. This is done within the ambit of the demise of Soviet socialism, the infiltration of communist China by the mutability, adaptability and profitability of capitalist ethos; the opening up of revolutionary Cuba, the evocation of the Arab Spring which gutted the arch-priest of Jamahiriya in Libya, the ambitious but painful containment of the Korean peoples power and the collapsed of the system of economic commands and stage-management across the world. In this light, the paper tried to enquire into how the word ‘capital’ became the name given to states’ headquarters and how this reality has aided the dominance or hegemony of capitalism in the world. Employing the hegemonic stability theory and descriptive analysis method, the paper contends that the christening of states’ seats of power as capitals or capital cities was a subtle strategy of capitalism to deepen its roots. It however find out that this subtle hegemonization is not so much ‘the end of history’ as postulated by Francis Fukuyama than the beginning of time in diagnostic vicious cycle in global tyranny. It also established that the failure of Soviet socialism was not so much about the supremacy of capitalism or liberalism over socialism than the fact that Lenin’s impatience in not allowing capitalism to blossom to its peak before embarking on his Bolshevik revolution made mockery of Marxism – and made capitalism to topple socialism – but did not kill it. The paper recommends among others that states, especially the third world countries, should wake up to this subtlety and begin to put fences and wedges against its perniciousness and unbridled rapacity. These walls must necessarily lean toward protectionism to encourage the development of local resources for a sustainable growth
Investigating the Upbringing in Education with the Case of M.M. Speransky's Educational System
Authors:   Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Rumyantseva Nataliya M. , Sapozhnikov Pavel V. ,   Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Rubtsova Dina N. ,   Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)
Published: June 2021

M.M. Speransky is a famous Russian public and political figure. However, his activities were not limited to political issues. His pedagogical activity is studied poorly. The basic principles of the younger generation upbringing were laid during the seminar period, which coincided in time with the pedagogical activity by M. Speransky. The success of Speransky’s pedagogical system is evidenced by the fact that he was invited as an educator to the royal family. The basic principles of Speransky's pedagogy were the following ones: the authority of a teacher, but the lack of authoritarianism, the interaction with a student in the search for the right educational solutions, the attachment to the students and responsibility for them.
Effects of different treatments of pH on growth and photosynthesis of Phoebe bournei seedlings
Authors: Haiyue BAO , Mingqin ZHOU , Yuemiao WU , Yongjun FEI
Published: June 2021

To provide theoretical basis for the cultivation and landscape application of Phoebe bournei seedlings, the photosynthetic and physiological characteristics of the seedlings were determined in the experience. In this study, the growth, photosynthesis and physiological indexes of P. bournei seedlings under different pH conditions were tested every 15 days for a total of 45 days by using 2-year-old seedlings with different solutions with ph of 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, 8.5 and 9.0 as 7 different irrigation treatments. The results showed that the growth of P. bournei seedlings grew significantly in acid environment and inhibited in alkaline environment, and the growth rate of plant height in acid environment is significantly higher than natural condition of ph7.0. The chlorophyll and carotenoid contents increase with the increase of acid, and decrease in alkaline environment above ph8.0, which indicate that P. bournei seedlings has better adaptability to acid environment than alkaline environment. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and transpiration rate (Tr) of P. bournei seedlings reach the highest level at pH6.0, and the stomatal conductance (Gs) and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) reach the highest level at pH 4.0. However, these indicators are low in alkaline environment above pH 8.0. Under acid stress, all physiological indexes of P. bournei are increased; under alkaline stress, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and the soluble protein (SP) content show a trend of increasing, and the peroxidase (POD) activity, MDA content and proline (Pro) show a trend of decreasing later under the treatment of pH 8.5 ~ 9.0. According to all the above, P. bournei seedlings has good tolerance to acid environment, and the suitable pH value of solution for P. bournei seedlings growth is pH 5.0-8.0.
LOCAL STRATEGIES IN ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Blažević Branko
Published: June 2021

The squandering, depletion and devastation of the Adriatic resources are becoming a trend that could have severe ecological, spatial and economic consequences. In all the larger towns where wastewaters are drained into sewers, we can find evidence of the inadequacy of the sewage system as a whole, this being one of the major factors in the disruption o f the environment. The large discrepancy in the equivalent load and quantities of municipal wastewaters during the tourist season and the low season is a decisive factor in the choice of optimum purification systems, and in the choice of local strategies in achieving sustainable development.
THE CONTEMPORARY TOURIST PROFILE AND THE CROATIAN TOURIST PRODUCT
Authors: Horvat Božena
Published: June 2021

This article deals with the types of changes that have occurred in tourist motivations in the last two decades, both worldwide and in Croatia, and the reasons behind these changes. Such changes in Croatian tourism are partially the result of the war in Croatia. Special emphasis in placed on the cultural aspects of tourism development. To this effect, the article features a brief overview of modern theoretical viewpoints on the changes that have occurred in tourist motivation, on postmodernism and virtual reality as powerful agents in tourist trips. The article speaks o f the role and significance of culture in the general social changes that have occurred in the world over the past twenty so years. These changes have caused profound changes in the general trends of both tourist motivation and tourist routes.
RETAIL TRADE IN THE TOURIST SUPPLY OF THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA
Authors: Knego Nikola , Konjhodžić Halid
Published: June 2021

The paper looks into the position and role of retail trade as one of the economic activities which contributes towards creating the tourist supply in receptive tourist regions. The relationship between trade and tourism is not one way. We can speak of the interdependent development of trade and tourism and vice versa with tourism and trade. The paper emphasizes the achieved level of retail structure development in the Republic of Croatia and the anticipated changes which could be expected with the development of the overall economy. Data on the state and changes of retail structures in European countries are presented, some of which represent significant emissive and/or receptive tourist countries. The paper deals with the level of tourist satisfaction in terms of the tourist supply element regarding shopping potential.
THE DEMAND AND SUPPLY OF QUALIFIED EMPLOYEES OF TOURISM ON THE JOB MARKET
Authors: Vetrakova Milota
Published: June 2021

The job market changes in Slovakia are influenced by product market changes. Changes in economic structure in the 1990s leaded to an overall unemployment. Tourism potential in Slovakia and governmental support of small and medium size businesses guarantee growing employment in tourism. Tourism sector in Slovakia offers about 90 000 jobs. Demand for work in manual and unskilled jobs is typical for small enterprises in tourism. The growth in demand for higher skilled occupations, university graduates positions is connected with larger enterprises. Supply of qualified occupations in tourism market exceeds demand. Therefore the main objective of market policy is to co-ordinate educational system and development of economic activities and creating jobs.
THE FORMS OF TOURIST UTILIZATION IN THE NATURE PARK OF "UČKA"
Authors: Avelini Holjevac Ivanka
Published: June 2021

The aim of this study is to establish the forms of tourism utilization in the Nature Park of "Učka". The study consists of the following chapters: • Initial fundamentals • Marketing characteristics of the Nature Park of "Učka" • Strategy of tourist utilization in the Nature Park of "Učka" • Management of the Nature Park • Tourist capacity on the Opatija Riviera. The mountain "Učka" is a privileged place for application of constant (sustainable) tourism. There are three dimensions of durable (sustainable) tourism from a qualitative aspect: the ecological dimension, the economic dimension and sociological dimension.
POSSIBILITIES AND LIMITATIONS FOR THE INTRODUCTION OF THE USALI STANDARD IN THE SLOVENE HOTEL COMPANIES
Authors: Ivankovič Gordana , Klobučar Nada , Vidic Darjana
Published: June 2021

Currently, Slovenia does not have the bases for the introduction of a uniform system of accounts for monitoring business performance in the hotel industry, called the USALI standard ("Uniform System of Accounts for The Lodging Industry"), which allows comparison of an individual hotel to similar hotels in a closer and wider area, has been the principal finding of the research ordered by the Slovenian Tourist Board and conducted by the Faculty of Economics, University of Ljubljana. The aim of the research was to examine the possibilities of the direct use of the USALI standard in Slovenia as well as about the necessary changes of the existing situation in the area of accounting records and other records in the hotel industry, so that the performance of the Slovene companies could be compared to the average of the hotel industry in the world, Europe and individual countries.
ACTORS OF THE MANAGEMENT MECHANISM IN TRANSFORMATION OF THE HOTEL BUSINESS SYSTEMS
Authors: Kutnjak Goran
Published: June 2021

Any competitive advantage in a particular economic activity or business system can result in particular positive effects only if the most relevant actors are engaged completely (management and human resources) and if the synergy exponent of such integral economic policy is the real characteristic of such activity. The hotel industry of Primorsko goranska county is certainly a major element of the whole catering and tourist industry, which in the strategic planning of the economy of the Republic of Croatia has a specific role. In the context of such a strategic "definition" the fact is that: 1) correlation that is interaction of the above mentioned actors must be more transparent, and the participation of human resources in all areas of economic activities (and decision making) must be more engaged. Only on this premise is it possible to 2) expect a faster evolution and transformation of the organizational logic from "bureaucratic" to "entrepreneurial ". The reality of the conditions in hotel management of the Primorsko goranska county compared with determinate targets the author of this work tried to focus on also in his research done during 1999.
Internet Access and Nutritional Intake: Evidence from Rural China
Authors: Xue Ping , Han Xinru , Elahi Ehsan , Zhao Yinyu , Wang Xiudong
Published: June 2021

Over the past four decades, China has experienced a nutritional transition and has developed the largest population of internet users. In this study, we evaluated the impacts of internet access on the nutritional intake in Chinese rural residents. An IV-Probit-based propensity score matching method was used to determine the impact of internet access on nutritional intake. The data were collected from 10042 rural households in six Chinese provinces. The results reveal that rural residents with internet access have significantly higher energy, protein, and fat intake than those without. Chinese rural residents with internet access consumed 1.35% (28.62 kcal), 5.02% (2.61 g), and 4.33% (3.30 g) more energy, protein, and fat, respectively. There was heterogeneity as regards the intake of energy, protein, and fat among those in different income groups. Moreover, non-staple food consumption is the main channel through which internet access affects nutritional intake. The results demonstrate that the local population should use the internet to improve their nutritional status. Further studies are required to investigate the impact of internet use on food consumed away from home and micronutrients intake.
A Case Report of Chronic Stress in Honey Bee Colonies Induced by Pathogens and Acaricide Residues
Authors: Alonso-Prados Elena , González-Porto Amelia-Virginia , Bernal José Luis , Bernal José , Martín-Hernández Raquel , Higes Mariano
Published: June 2021

In this Case Report we analyze the possible causes of the poor health status of a professional Apis mellifera iberiensis apiary located in Gajanejos (Guadalajara, Spain). Several factors that potentially favor colony collapse were identified, including Nosema ceranae infection, alone or in combination with other factors (eg, BQCV and DWV infection), and the accumulation of acaricides commonly used to control Varroa destructor in the beebread (coumaphos and tau-fluvalinate). Based on the levels of residues, the average toxic unit estimated for the apiary, suggests a possible increase in vulnerability to infection by N. ceranae due to the presence of high levels of acaricides. These data highlight the importance of evaluating these factors in future monitoring programs, as well as the need to adopt adequate preventive measures as part of national and international welfare programs aimed at guaranteeing the health and fitness of bees.
Accreditation and Certification: Do they Improve Hospital Financial and Quality Performance?
Authors: Brooks Matthew , Beauvais Brad M , Kruse Clemens Scott , Fulton Lawrence , Mileski Michael , Ramamonjiarivelo Zo , Shanmugam Ramalingam , Lieneck Cristian
Published: June 2021

The impact of organizational accreditation and professional certification and the evidence-based measurable impact of those for both academic programs and affiliates is one of specific interest to universities and individuals in the healthcare management field [1]. The authors’ analysis examined the impact of hiring graduates from higher education programs that held external accreditation from the Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Management Education (CAHME). Graduates’ affiliation with the American College of Healthcare Executives (ACHE) professional healthcare leadership organization was also assessed as an independent variable. Study outcomes focused on these graduates’ respective healthcare organization’s performance measures (cost, quality, and access) to assess the researchers’ inquiry into the perceived value of a CAHME-accredited graduate degree in healthcare administration and a professional ACHE affiliation [2]. The results from this study found no effect of CAHME accreditation or ACHE affiliation on healthcare organization performance outcomes. The study findings support the need for future research surrounding healthcare administration professional graduate degree program characteristics and leader development affiliations, as perceived by various industry stakeholders.
Pancasila Identity Among Millennial Generation in the Globalization Era
Authors: Hidayat Feren Alia , Pandin Moses Glorino Rumambo
Published: June 2021

Pancasila is the identity of the Indonesian nation, which means that Pancasila is a national characteristic that cannot be found in any country. Pancasila points are taken from the noble values of the Indonesian state. These principles contain culture, customs, and national character known as manners, cooperation, and high nationalism. As the successor to Indonesian culture, the young generation must be able to preserve and develop Pancasila. In this era of globalization, there are many challenges for the younger generation in preserving Pancasila. This study aims to provide an overview of the decline of Pancasila identity among the younger generation due to the impact of globalization. The research question that has been determined is how the practice behaviour of the younger generation towards the implementation of Pancasila, the solutions and efforts that all Indonesian people can make regarding the crisis of Pancasila identity in the era of globalization. This research method uses a literature review. The research sources were conducted from the latest journals and books published in 2019 until 2021 related to the theme of Pancasila and the millennial generation. The results showed that globalization has greatly facilitated foreign cultures to enter Indonesia. The younger generations use this foreign culture as a lifestyle without filtering it, whether it contains Pancasila values or not. This causes Pancasila has been forgotten and no longer applied in their everyday life. Young people can make various efforts to preserve the national identity, namely Pancasila. Apart from the role of the young generation itself, Indonesian society can also play an essential role in supporting the younger generation to continue implementing Pancasila in their lives. By conducting this research, it is hoped that Indonesia's young generation can understand, select, and stay away from the negative impacts of globalization that enter Indonesia freely. The solution that can be given from this research is that the younger generation must love their own culture more and practice every principle in Pancasila. Parents, educational institutions, and the government must also support the younger generation to maintain national identity, Pancasila values. The limitation of this research is that the researcher did not conduct any primary data, which means the data were not directly from the source. This causes the accuracy of this study to be less guaranteed. The recommendation that the researchers can give for further research is to obtain primary data to ensure accuracy and explore research topics regarding the fading of Pancasila identity in the younger generation in this era of globalization.
The 21st Century Millennials: Urgency and Interest On Historical Science
Authors: Rahayu Icha , Pandin Moses
Published: June 2021

History is part of the social sciences or humanities. In history, it studies events in the past which also determine what happens in the present and the future. With history, we can find out events and incidents in the past by reading books or by watching movies. Historical science provides many benefits for all circles. However, in this 21st century, which is a modern era, history is less desirable among millennials for various reasons. The purpose of writing this paper, the first is to find out what are the benefits of historical science in this millennial era, the second is to find out whether history is in demand or not among millennials, then what is the benefit of history in this millennial era. The third is to find a solution related to historical science learning so as not to be boring while maintaining its benefits. This research is to solve a common problem among millennials, namely whether millennials are interested in studying history and what can increase millennial interest in studying history. Researchers collect data to compile this paper with a qualitative method, which is to collect the latest journals for reference between 2019 and 2021 which are related to the urgency of 21st-century history for millennials. In addition, the researchers also looks for the latest data related to interest in studying historical science which is used to find out whether history is in demand or not among millennials. Thus, this research can find out what causes millennials to be less interested in history and find a solution, namely by using film media to increase millennial interest. This article is very useful in providing information about the urgency of learning history in the 21st century so that readers can use this article as material to conduct further research on this matter. As for this research, it has limitations, namely this research is only limited to millennials in relation to the urgency of historical science.
Assessment of Air Quality Perception and Its Effects on Users’ Thermal Comfort in Office Buildings
Authors: Oliveira Candi Citadini de , Rupp Ricardo Forgiarini , Ghisi Enedir
Published: June 2021

Since people spend most of their time in indoor environments, the objective of this work was to study indoor air quality perception and its effects on users’ thermal comfort. Based on previous data from a building with a central air-conditioning system and two mixed-mode buildings located in the humid subtropical climate of Florianópolis, southern Brazil, statistical analyses were performed. Each user subjective answer obtained through a questionnaire was combined with the corresponding environmental conditions – measured using microclimate stations, a portable thermo-anemometer and a CO2 analyser. Results showed that improvement in air quality was associated with the reduction of air temperature and humidity ratio. Also, there was a significant influence of thermal, air movement and humidity sensation and acceptability of air quality perception. Users felt more satisfied or neutral with air quality for being in thermal comfort, and not because of the CO2 level – which means that air quality perception is influenced by factors other than CO2. This study recommends the implementation of an air exchange device in split air-conditioners with air recirculation used in mixed-mode buildings in Brazil. It is important to provide suitable indoor ventilation to reduce pollutants concentration, ensure good air quality and prevent respiratory diseases.
Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) from Poultry Litter for Removal of Chromium Cr (VI) from Wastewater
Authors: Haleem Noor , Jamal Yousuf , Khan Shahid Nawaz , Baig Muhammad Anwar
Published: June 2021

Pakistan being an agricultural country is raising 146.5 million commercial and domestic poultry birds which generate around 544,831 tons of waste. This waste finds its final disposal in agricultural land as soil fertilizer or disposal site amendment. The uncontrolled use of poultry litter for this purpose results in environmental impacts such as the emission of methane, a greenhouse gas. However, other options like thermochemical conversion of this waste can offer a better solution wherein poultry litter can be used as low-cost carbon sources for the synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs). In this study, efforts have been made to utilize this cheap and plenty of available carbon source for synthesis of CNTs in the presence of Ni/Mo/MgO as a catalyst, through pyrolysis. The optimum mole ratio of catalyst (4:0.2:1) was found to yield more carbon product. Furthermore, process parameters such as temperature, time, polymer & catalyst weight were also optimized. The best possible process parameters that resulted (pyrolysis time (12 min), temperature (825◦C), and catalyst weight (100 mg) good yield of CNTs . The structure and morphology of produced nanotubes were confirmed through X-ray Diffractometer (X-RD) & Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The environmental application of the nanotubes was tested in synthetic chromium solution in the lab using a batch experiment. Different experimental conditions (pH, adsorbent dosage and contact time) were optimized to enhance the adsorption of Cr (VI) by carbon nanotubes and UV-Visible spectrophotometer was used at 540nm to measure the absorbance of Cr (VI). Results show that up to 81.83% of Cr (VI) removal was achieved by using 8 mg of CNTs at pH 3 with 400 rpm at 180 min of contact time. Thus, it was concluded that poultry litter can be a useful source for the synthesis of CNTs and thereby removal of Cr (VI) from industrial tanneries wastewater.
The Transformation of Education in Indonesia from the Colonial Era to the Digital Era is Reviewed from a Historical Perspective
Authors: Nur Noviningtyas Indhi , Glorino Rumambo Pandin Moses
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT Education is the most important instrument in human life because education can increase human dignity. In addition, education can also be a benchmark for human quality and an example of the progress of a nation. The history of education in Indonesia has evolved from the colonial era to the digital era. These developments have influenced government policies in every era. In the 21st century, the development of education in Indonesia is starting to show progress. This is because it is supported by the rapid growth of information and technology. This research article aims to analyze the educational policies carried out by the government from the colonial era to the digital era to be used as evaluation material at this time so that in the future education in Indonesia is even better. To achieve this goal, this research focuses on the question of how is the transformation of education in Indonesia from the colonial era to the digital era? and what is the paradigm of education in Indonesia when viewed from a historical perspective?. The research method used is the Literature Review method from 27 sources in journal articles, websites, and data reports for 2019-2021. The results of this study found that changes in the Indonesian education system from time to time have a positive influence on the progress of the Indonesian nation. The development of education in Indonesia also has an impact on increasing the Human Development Index (HDI). This shows that the quality of Indonesian society is increasing. Based on the results obtained, it is hoped that it can provide information about the transformation of education in Indonesia from the colonial era to the digital era from a historical perspective. This article is suitable as a reference source for education observers in Indonesia to know the history of education and its policies from the colonial era to the digital era and useful for academics to know the history of education in Indonesia. This research has limitations, namely this research is only limited to the development of education in Indonesia from the colonial era to the digital era and the paradigm of education development in Indonesia from a historical perspective.
Malnutrition in Infants Aged under 6 Months Attending Community Health Centres: A Cross Sectional Survey
Authors: Grijalva-Eternod Carlos S. , Beaumont Emma , Rana Ritu , Abate Nahom , Barthorp Hatty , McGrath Marie , Negesse Ayenew , Abera Mubarek , Abdissa Alemseged , Girma Tsinuel , Allen Elizabeth , Kerac Marko , Berhane Melkamu
Published: June 2021

Poor understanding of malnutrition burden is a common reason for not prioritizing the care of small and nutritionally at-risk infants aged under-six months (infants u6m). We aimed to estimate the anthropometric deficit prevalence in infants u6m attending health centres, using the Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF); and to assess the overlap of different individual indicators. We undertook a two-week survey of all infants u6m visiting each of 18 health centres in two zones of the Oromia region, Ethiopia. We measured weight, length, and MUAC (Mid upper arm circumference); and calculated weight-for-length (WLZ), length-for-age (LAZ), and weight-for-age z-scores (WAZ). Overall, 21.7% (95% CI: 19.2; 24.3) of infants u6m presented CIAF and of these, 10.7% (95% CI: 8.93; 12.7) had multiple anthropometric deficits. Low MUAC overlapped with 47.5% (95% CI: 38.0; 57.3), 43.8% (95% CI: 34.9; 53.1), and 42.6% (95% CI: 36.3; 49.2) of the stunted, wasted and CIAF prevalence, respectively. Underweight overlapped with 63.4% (95% CI: 53.6; 72.2), 52.7% (95% CI: 43.4; 61.7), and 59.6% (95% CI: 53.1; 65.9) of the stunted, wasted and CIAF prevalence, respectively. Anthropometric deficits, single and multiple, are prevalent in infants attending health centres. WAZ overlaps more with other forms of anthropometric deficits than MUAC.
Paradigm of Historical Science: Dealing with the Modern Juggernaut through across Time in Education and Government
Authors: Rojuli Safin Karunia , Rumambo Pandin Moses Glorino
Published: June 2021

In this modern era, continuous change is the first step in forming a new structure between theory and practice. The idea of ​​a juggernaut is very relevant to the theory of structuration with current conditions in the 21st century, where technology becomes a reference that can crush anyone who is not responsive to its power. This technology takes one path and takes many roles from various fields: economic, social, political, legal, and educational. This 21st century is marked by great momentum for changes in human behavior and civilization, namely the industrial revolution 4.0 and the arrival of Covid-19, which have changed many social structures and human activities. This makes history a means of connecting the problems in the 21st century with past events. By using a descriptive qualitative method, this paper will reveal how technological developments are very influential on educational and political developments and what are the challenges faced based on historical perspective?. In this case, the study aims to discuss the history and challenges of Indonesia's education system and government system in the 21st century and give a solution. The data used are from 2 books, 14 journal articles, and 4 websites with a span of 2019-2021. The research results are expected to be used as a further study in the face of the development of the modern era in the fields of education and government. This study also has limitations, namely only on the face of the development of the modern era in the fields of education and government.
Analyzing Simone de Beauvoir Existentialist Feminism Perspective and Its Relevance Towards Indonesian Women’s Existence in the Public Sphere of 21st Century
Authors: Rohmawati Yulia , Rumambo Pandin Moses Glorino
Published: June 2021

The issue of being pro-gender is still a controversial topic to be debated in Indonesian society. However, in the 21st Century, many women have been able to break through barriers and participate in the public sphere. It is a form of self-existence as proposed by Simone de Beauvoir on existentialist feminism. Based on these problems, this study aims to find out and answer questions about how Indonesian women exist in the public sphere in the 21st Century and find out how Indonesian women exist in the public sphere through Simone de Beauvoir's existentialist feminism paradigm. The research method used is descriptive-qualitative through a literature review of 23 journal articles, websites, and data reports with a range of 2019-2021. This study found that based on Simone de Beauvoir's feminist paradigm, Indonesian women in the 21st Century are no longer a figure other than complete. Furthermore, the data collected by the researcher shows that several gender indicators have shown that Indonesian women have been able to occupy public spaces in various aspects. Based on these results, it is hoped that it can provide information about Simone de Beauvoir's existentialist feminism thought and its relevance to the existence of Indonesian women in the public sphere in the 21st Century. However, this research has limitations, those are only about women in Indonesia, and the paradigm of feminism is limited to Simone de Beauvoir's existentialist feminism.
Vulnerabilidade a perdas habitacionais na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo
Authors: Nakano Anderson Kazuo
Published: June 2021

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo estimar a população vulnerável a perdas habitacionais residente na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP). Para isso utilizam-se os microdados da amostra do Censo Demográfico de 2010 produzido pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). São selecionados os microdados sobre renda familiar, espécies e tipos de domicílios e condições de ocupação de domicílios particulares permanentes com base em premissas teóricas e conceituais relativas a “deslocabilidade” (displaceability) (YIFTACHEL, 2017), insegurança e alienação habitacional (MADDEN; MARCUSE, 2016), transitoriedade permanente (ROLNIK, 2015), gentrificação e rent gap (SMITH, 2010) e gentrificação e value gap (HAMNETT; RANDOLPH, 1986 apud LEES et al., 2008). O cálculo da estimativa da população “deslocalizável” e vulnerável a perdas habitacionais residente na RMSP resulta em 3.423.265 pessoas (2010).
FORMATION OF COMPOSITE METAL-CERAMIC AND METAL-CARBIDE ELECTRIC ARC SPRAYED COATINGS
Authors: Karpechenko Anton , Bobrov Maksym , Dubovyу Oleksander , Makrukha Tetiana , Nedelko Yevhen
Published: June 2021

The paper studies the possibility of forming composite metal-ceramic (Sv-08G2S-О-Al2O3) and metal-carbide (Sv-08G2S-О-TiC) electric arc sprayed coatings using a hardening phase in the form of powder particles in a free form. For this, a modernized cap of the spray head of an EM-14M electric arc spray gun was used, equipped with a unit for continuous powder feed supply. A laboratory batch of samples was obtained in various technological modes of spraying. Microstructures of the deposited coatings are investigated using a scanning electron microscope. It has been established that composite coatings are characterized by a lamellar structure and a rather low porosity from 8 to 12% (depending on the deposition mode and the hardening phase content), and phase particles of different shades are well differentiated in the structure. The phases were identified by their microhardness indicators. It has been established that the microhardness of the metal matrix (Sv-08G2S-О) is 1.88GPa, ceramic Al2O3 particles ‑ 17.1GPa, TiC particles‑ 31GPa. The influence of the technological parameters of spraying, namely: current, voltage and powder consumption on the content of the hardening phase in the structure of the composite electric arc coatings has been investigated. It was found that when using the maximum values of technological parameters (current 160A, voltage 35V and powder consumption 35 g/min), the maximum content of the hardening phase in the coatings is obtained: 10.3% Al2O3 in metal-ceramic and 25.6% TiC in metal-carbide. The significantly higher maximum TiC content in comparison with the Al2O3 content in composite coatings is explained by the high density of carbide and, as a consequence, the increased velocity of these particles in the high-temperature heterophase jet. Experimental studies of the influence of the content of the strengthening phase in composite coatings on their bond strength to the substrate have been carried out. It is shown that the maximum value of the bond strength of metal-ceramic coatings is 30 MPa and corresponds to the Al2O3 content of 8.7%. As for metal-carbide coatings, the maximum bond strength value of 32 MPa was obtained with a carbide phase content of 18.4%. At the same time, the bond strength of the convention coating sprayed of Sv-08G2S-О wire is 26 MPa. An increase in this characteristic for composite coatings is explained by the additional activation of the sprayed surface by unmelted solid particles of Al2O3 and TiC. It is shown that the decrease in bond strength with an increase in Al2O3 content to 10.3%, and TiC to 25.2% is explained by a significant decrease in the actual contact area of the coating with the substrate.
INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DIE STEEL 4Kh4N5М4F2 AND ESTABLISHMENT OF ITS PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Authors: Sydorchuk Oleh
Published: June 2021

The results of researches after heat treatment (hardening and tempering) of alloyed structural steel of grade 4Kh4N5М4F2 in cast and forged state are given. It is recommended to carry out partial recrystallization (incomplete annealing) of the experimental steel (4Kh4N5М4F2) at a temperature of 750±20 °С. It is recommended to carry out thermo-deformation treatment (forging at a temperature of 1170±20 °C), which doubled the grain yield of hardened steel and increased the toughness five times after tempering. The optimal temperature mode of hardening (1095±5 °С) of cast and forged steel, the hardness of which coincides at the level of 56 HRC, is established. The grain score in cast and forged state (№ 3–№ 6 and № 6–№ 8, respectively) of the investigated steel depending on the quenching temperature (1050–1110 °С) is shown. The dependence between hardness and specific electrical conductivity of steel after hardening in comparison with cast and forged state is established. It is established that at optimized modes of heat treatment of the investigated steel it was determined by the minimum value of the parameter – specific electrical conductivity. Thus, for the optimal value of the tempering temperature of steel (1095 ºC), the specific electrical conductivity was 0,075 Ohm•mm2/ m, and at tempering (595 ºC) – 0,0415 Ohm•mm2/m. The methodical approach after hardening of steel is offered that allows carrying out control of a temperature mode at heating of the stamp tool. It is established that after hardening of steel, forged has the highest conductivity than cast. Physico-mechanical properties (strength threshold, impact strength, hardness, microhardness in the metal structure and specific electrical conductivity) of the investigated hardened steel (cast and forged) after tempering are presented. An increase in the hardness and strength of cast steel during tempering at temperatures from 450 to 500 °C, which is provided by the release of the carbide component, where there is an intensive increase in microhardness. It was found that the tempering brittleness of the investigated steel at a temperature of 475±15 °C. An anomalous decrease in impact strength (up to 15 J/cm2) and an intensive increase in the specific electrical conductivity of cast and forged steel at tempering brittleness are shown. The increase of microhardness of the investigated steel is established, which promotes increase of wear resistance and increase of service life of the stamping tool. It is established that during reheating (tempering), the conductivity in steel increases, and the structurally sensitive mechanical characteristic (impact strength) changes intensively, which increases twice in the range of tempering brittleness temperatures of 475±15 ºС. This makes it possible to increase the service life of the press tool (die) made of steel 4Kh4N5M4F2 for hot deformation of aluminum alloy in the temperature range 450-500 °C.
CALCULATION OF CAR TRAFFIC CAPACITY AT THE CROSSROAD
Authors: Solarov Oleksandr , Mikulina Maryna , Tatsenko Olexandr
Published: June 2021

The capacity of a road section depends on many factors, such as the width of the carriageway, the permissible visibility, the slopes, the turning radii, the composition of the cars, the maneuverability and the design of the cars. The development of the automotive industry leads to improved performance of cars and improved throughput. Changing all of these components changes the bandwidth. When the capacity is calculating the composition of the traffic flow became one of the key factors. Mobile traffic is characterized by the composition of different (by age and purpose) vehicles. The composition of the traffic flow is displayed as a percentage. Obtaining and analyzing the algorithm for determining the capacity of traffic flow on a particular section of road (interchange). The analyze of the current state of car use in Ukraine and select the optimal algorithm for obtaining real flow data on the road section was made. The main task of the engineer during the design of a certain section of the road is to ensure the maximum capacity of the road section. Maximum throughput is achieved by improving the road surface, widening the roadway (increasing the number of lanes and installing appropriate signs), allocating reversing lanes and installing reversing traffic lights. When calculating the capacity, it is necessary to take into account when characterizing the relationship between cars in the flow in different road conditions. Intervals between cars in a stream can change even at high intensity of movement that in turn quit