bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fulfilling the criteria for CLP classification: the implications for substances under the EU chemicals legislation
Authors: Kättström Diana , Beronius Anna , Boije af Gennäs Urban , Rudén Christina , Ågerstrand Marlene
Published: October 2024

The CLP mandates manufacturers and importers to classify substances and mixtures according to hazard criteria, with notifications submitted to the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). Substances meeting hazard criteria must be appropriately labelled and packaged to communicate hazards effectively. The CLP establishes hazard classification criteria but does not independently prohibit or restrict the use of hazardous chemicals. Instead, it serves as a basis for regulatory obligations in other specific regulations. This study investigates the regulatory implications of meeting hazard criteria under the CLP across EU regulations and directives listed in EU Chemicals Legislation Finder (EUCLEF). The results show that fulfilling criteria for human health hazard classes trigger regulatory obligations in the highest number of regulations/directives, with carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, and reproductive toxicity (CMR) leading to obligations in 19 of 20 pieces of legislation linked to the CLP. Conversely, physical, environmental, and ozone layer hazards are associated with fewer regulations and directives, and lead to fewer prohibitions. The study underscores the pivotal role of the CLP in EU chemical legislation and the need for coherence and consistency across regulations. While regulatory obligations are primarily aimed at substances meeting hazard criteria, the variability in self-classification notifications and limitations in harmonized classification processes were observed. Moreover, the complexity of the regulatory structure poses challenges for stakeholders and policymakers, including inconsistencies, compliance difficulties, and the need for frequent revisions. Addressing these challenges is critical for enhancing regulatory effectiveness and ensuring a more coherent and harmonized approach to chemical management in the EU.
Wastewater and environmental sampling holds potential for antimicrobial resistance surveillance in food-producing animals - a pilot study in South African abattoirs
Authors: Heljanko Viivi , Karama Musafiri , Kymäläinen Amanda , Kurittu Paula , Johansson Venla , Tiwari Ananda , Nyirenda Matteo , Malahlela Mogaugedi , Heikinheimo Annamari
Published: October 2024

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant global One Health challenge that causes increased mortality and a high financial burden. Animal production contributes to AMR, as more than half of antimicrobials are used in food-producing animals globally. There is a growing body of literature on AMR in food-producing animals in African countries, but the surveillance practices across countries vary considerably. This pilot study aims to explore the potential of wastewater and environmental surveillance (WES) of AMR and its extension to the veterinary field. Floor drainage swab (n = 18, 3/abattoir) and wastewater (n = 16, 2-3/abattoir) samples were collected from six South African abattoirs that handle various animal species, including cattle, sheep, pig, and poultry. The samples were tested for Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) and Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE), and Candida auris by using selective culturing and MALDI-TOF MS identification. The phenotype of all presumptive ESBL-producing Escherichia coli (n = 60) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 24) isolates was confirmed with a disk diffusion test, and a subset (15 and 6 isolates, respectively), were further characterized by whole-genome sequencing. In total, 314 isolates (0–12 isolates/sample) withstood MALDI-TOF MS, from which 37 species were identified, E. coli and K. pneumoniae among the most abundant. Most E. coli (n = 48/60; 80%) and all K. pneumoniae isolates were recovered from the floor drainage samples, while 21 presumptive carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp. isolates were isolated equally from floor drainage and wastewater samples. MRSA, VRE, or C. auris were not found. All characterized E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates represented ESBL-phenotype. Genomic analyses revealed multiple sequence types (ST) of E. coli (n = 10) and K. pneumoniae (n = 5), including STs associated with food-producing animals globally, such as E. coli ST48 and ST10 and K. pneumoniae ST101. Common beta-lactamases linked to food-producing animals, such as blaCTX-M-55 and blaCTX-M-15, were detected. The presence of food-production-animal-associated ESBL-gene-carrying E. coli and K. pneumoniae in an abattoir environment and wastewater indicates the potential of WES in the surveillance of AMR in food-producing animals. Furthermore, the results of this pilot study encourage studying the topic further with refined methodologies.
Utilization of Flours Derived from the Waste from the Frozen Vegetable Industry for Bakery Product Production
Authors: Gallardo Miguel A. , Martínez-Navarro María Esther , Álvarez-Ortí Manuel , Pardo José E.
Published: October 2024

Currently, the agri-food industry faces a significant challenge in reducing food waste in line with circular economy principles. In this context, the frozen vegetables industry rejects products that do not meet consumers’ appearance standards, leading to a waste of vegetables that could be reincorporated into the food chain. Thus, waste generated from broccoli, cauliflower, and peas in the last selection stages of a frozen vegetable industry manufacturer were collected, dehydrated, and transformed into flour. These flours were used to replace 50% of the wheat flour in a basic bakery product, using a baked dough made only with flour and water, and analyzed from physical, nutritional, and sensory perspectives. The doughs showed slight changes in texture, with increased hardness values and reduced cohesiveness, making them more difficult to handle, as well as changes in color due to the incorporation of vegetable pigments. However, from a nutritional perspective, these products were enriched in protein, with values that reached up to 20.88% in the sample made with broccoli flour, and dietary fiber, with an increase from 0.67% obtained in the control sample to 6.00% in the sample made with pea flour and to over 8 in the samples made with broccoli and cauliflower. This was accompanied by a reduction in total carbohydrates, leading to similar energy values (around 380 kcal/100 g dm). Furthermore, the content in total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity were increased, especially when flours from the Brassica species were used. From the sensory point of view, all the samples made with vegetable flours received positive evaluations, even higher than the control sample when smell or taste was evaluated. In this regard, the samples made with cauliflower flour stood out when the taste was evaluated, reaching values above three on a scale where the maximum value was four. All of these results demonstrate that using these wasted vegetables can be a good alternative for improving the nutritional properties of basic bakery products.
Added Value of Products from Endangered Local Sheep Breeds in Mountain Areas
Authors: Benedetti del Rio Elena , Berton Marco , Amalfitano Nicolò , Ramanzin Maurizio , Sturaro Enrico
Published: October 2024

Local sheep breeds in the Italian eastern Alps passed from ex situ to in situ conservation. These breeds are mainly reared by smallholders in low-input farming systems. To allow the sustainable use of genetic resources, the economic sustainability of farmers must be supported through production guidelines. Analyzing meat and milk composition and fatty acid profile, we aimed to characterize their products based on breed and diet to identify tailormade sales strategies. Results showed that both meat and milk have good nutritional values and can benefit from a pasture-based diet, irrespective of the breed. These results support the redaction of production guidelines based on the peculiar characteristics of these breeds: being multi-purpose breeds adapted to mountain areas and to grazing, thus contributing to the conservation of cultural and landscape heritage.
Changes in Selected Biochemical Markers of Honey Bees Exposed to Fermented Common Tansy Solution (Tanacetum vulgare L.)
Authors: Białecka Natalia , Garbacz Klaudia , Berbeć Ewelina , Murawska Agnieszka , Madras-Majewska Beata , Migdał Paweł
Published: October 2024

Honey bees use pollen and nectar from flowers to produce food. Because they often forage on crops, they are at risk of being exposed to plant protection products (PPPs), both directly and in stored food. Due to the adverse effects of synthetic PPPs on pollinators, biopesticides may be a viable alternative. Common tansy extract is used as one of the natural substitutes for synthetic pesticides. In our study, the effect of fermented common tansy extract on aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP) activity and the concentration of triglycerides (TGs), total protein (TP), total antioxidant status (TAS), and glucose in honey bee workers’ hemolymph was assessed. These biochemical markers give valuable information about the immunity, detoxification, and nutrition of a bee’s body. Caged bees were given tansy extract added at various concentrations in sugar syrup for 24 h. Then, they were provided with only sugar syrup. After 7 days of the experiment, hemolymph was collected and analyzed. We observed changes in the activity of AST, ALT, GGTP enzymes and TG, TP, and glucose levels, but not all changes were statistically significant. In terms of AST activity, statistically significant differences were found. All groups tested, including the negative control group, showed reduced enzyme activity values compared to the positive control group. In TG concentration, differences were observed between the groups receiving 2% extract and 1% ethanol. Glucose levels differed between the groups receiving 1% extract and 2% extract and between the positive control group and 1% extract. Bee body proper functioning is affected by changes in enzyme activity, especially those responsible for immunity and detoxification, such as AST, ALT, ALP, and GGTP. Despite the short time of bees’ exposure to the agent, the results of study show visible effects. Our results provide a basis for further research on the impact of tansy extract on honey bees.
Study of the Oxidation of Phenol in the Presence of a Magnetic Composite Catalyst CoFe2O4/Polyvinylpyrrolidone
Authors: Shakiyeva Tatyana V. , Dossumova Binara T. , Sassykova Larissa R. , Ilmuratova Madina S. , Dzhatkambayeva Ulzhan N. , Abildin Tleutai S.
Published: October 2024

The development of new catalytic systems based on cobalt and iron compounds for the production of oxygen-containing compounds is an urgent task of chemical technology. The purpose of this work is the synthesis of CoFe2O4 stabilized with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), the study of the catalyst by physico-chemical research methods, and the determination of the effectiveness of the CoFe2O4/PVP catalyst in the phenol oxidation reaction. In this work, magnetic composites CoFe2O4 and CoFe2O4 stabilized with polyvinylpyrrolidone were synthesized by co-deposition. A comparison of the characteristics of the properties of the synthesized cobalt (II) ferrite (CoFe2O4) and the composite material CoFe2O4/PVP based on it is carried out. The obtained samples were examined using X-ray phase analysis (XRD), the Debye–Scherrer method, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Mossbauer and IR Fourier spectroscopy, as well as thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The textural properties were determined based on the analysis of nitrogen isotherms. The catalytic properties of the synthesized materials in the process of phenol oxidation in the presence of hydrogen peroxide are considered. The analysis of the reaction mixtures by HPLC obtained by the oxidation of phenol in the presence of a CoFe2O4/PVP catalyst showed a decrease in the concentration of phenol in the first 15 min of the process (by 55–60%), and then within 30 min, the concentration of phenol decreased to 21.83%. After 2 h of the process, the conversion of phenol was already more than 95%. The final sample after the reaction contained 28% hydroquinone and 50% benzoquinone. It was found that the synthesized magnetic composites exhibit catalytic activity in this process.
3D Optimal Control Using an Intraoperative Motion Planner for a Curvature-Controllable Steerable Bevel-Tip Needle
Authors: Xu Binxiang , Ko Seong Young , Zhou Chen
Published: October 2024

Robotic needle steering has become a topic of interest in intervention surgery. Yet, this surgical procedure poses challenges due to external disturbances and tissue movement. To address these challenges, several novel steering algorithms have been developed to guide the needle precisely from the entry point to the target point. However, some of these algorithms may cause additional trauma to patients. In this paper, we present a 3D optimal control algorithm for a curvature-controllable steerable (CCS) needle, aiming to achieve effective operations with minimal trauma. We derive a kinematics without duty cycle control strategy (needle shaft spin), propose a novel intraoperative motion planner for path replanning, and design a full-state feedback controller for accurate path tracking. A dynamic environment was simulated, and the optimal controller showed a better result (0.01 ± 0.01 mm) than the case (3.86 ± 1.32 mm) using a full-state feedback controller. The demonstration indicates that the optimal control system can safely, effectively, and accurately steer the needle to the target point in a dynamic environment.
A Novel Optimal Sensor Placement Framework for Concrete Arch Dams Based on IAHA Considering the Effects of Cracks and Elastic Modulus Degradation
Authors: Xu Bo , Lu Junyi , Wang Shaowei , Chen Xudong , Qin Xiangnan , Bu Jingwu , Qiu Jianchun , Sun Linsong , Li Yangtao
Published: October 2024

Optimal sensor placement (OSP) for arch dams is important to ensure their long-term service, but the evolution of structural states and material properties is less considered at present. This paper considers the effects of cracks, contraction joints, and elastic modulus zoning degradation of dam bodies, proposing an OSP framework based on an improved artificial hummingbird algorithm (IAHA). First, considering the compressibility of reservoir water, a finite element model of the arch dam–reservoir–foundation system is established. Second, by introducing improved circle chaotic mapping and Levy flight, IAHA is proposed. Then, a method for selecting the optimal number of sensors (ONS) based on modal assurance criterion (MAC), fitness values, and maximum singular value ratio (S) criteria is proposed. Finally, an OSP framework for arch dams with cracks is constructed and verified through a concrete arch dam. The final sensor placement is carried out for the current state of this arch dam after 45 years of operation, and the ONS is selected to give the results of the spatial location of the sensors. The results indicate that the OSP performance of the arch dam based on IAHA is the best, with MAC-MAX, MAC-AVE, MAC-RMS, and S values of 0.1521, 0.1069, 0.5478, and 1.8591, respectively, showing the best performance among the selected algorithms. The method of selecting the ONS based on MAC, fitness values, and S criteria is reasonable and feasible, considering that the changes in structural states and material properties have varying degrees of influence on the number and spatial location of sensors. The research results of this paper can provide effective technical support for the health diagnosis of arch dams with cracks and provide references and new ideas for structural health monitoring.
Sintering Aids Strategies for Improving LSGM and LSF Materials for Symmetrical Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
Authors: Gorgeev Egor , Antonova Ekaterina , Osinkin Denis
Published: October 2024

R&D in the area of high-temperature symmetrical electrochemical devices is needed to meet the challenges of hydrogen energy. In the present study, the effect of Fe2O3 and CuO sintering aids on the electrochemical properties of the highly conductive solid electrolyte La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.2O3−δ and La0.6Sr0.4FeO3−δ electrodes for symmetrical solid oxide fuel cells was investigated. It is shown that the use of sintering aids leads to an improvement in grain boundary conductivity and allows us to reduce the sintering temperature to obtain a dense electrolyte with the same level of conductivity. It is shown for the first time that the nature of the sintering aids and the sintering temperature affect the La0.6Sr0.4FeO3−δ electrode activity differently depending on the gas environment (air or hydrogen). On the basis of the analysis of the impedance spectra by the distribution of relaxation times, assumptions were made about the nature of the rate-determining steps of hydrogen oxidation and oxygen reduction. It is shown that the nature of the rate-determining steps can change depending on the electrode sintering temperature. It was found that among the studied electrodes, La0.6Sr0.4FeO3−δ with 3 wt.% Fe2O3 sintered at 1050 °C is optimal in terms of activity in oxidizing and reducing atmospheres.
Moss Biomonitoring in the Evaluation of Air Pollution in the Tver Region, Russia
Authors: Vergel Konstantin , Zinicovscaia Inga , Yushin Nikita , Chaligava Omari , Cepoi Liliana , Kravtsova Alexandra
Published: October 2024

In the Tver region (Russia), the moss biomonitoring technique was applied to investigate the atmospheric deposition of potentially harmful elements. Using inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy and a direct mercury analyzer, a total of 15 elements were identified in 144 moss samples collected in the region. To assess the degree of environmental pollution, ecological indices (pollution load index, enrichment factor, geochemical index, and contamination factor) were computed. The sources of the identified elements were characterized across the territory under investigation using multivariate statistical analysis. The results obtained were compared with the information from other Central Russian regions. GIS technologies were used to create distribution maps for the surveyed territory. Transport and power plants are the primary sources of air pollution in the region, while the influence of industry is suggested to be negligible. Compared to other Russian regions, the area under investigation can be considered relatively clean.
Investigation of the Roles of Phosphatidylinositol 4-Phosphate 5-Kinases 7,9 and Wall-Associated Kinases 1–3 in Responses to Indole-3-Carbinol and Biotic Stress in Arabidopsis Thaliana
Authors: Khamesa-Israelov Hala , Finkelstein Alin , Shani Eilon , Chamovitz Daniel A.
Published: October 2024

Indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a hydrolysis product of indole-3-methylglucosinolate, is toxic to herbivorous insects and pathogens. In mammals, I3C is extensively studied for its properties in cancer prevention and treatment. Produced in Brassicaceae, I3C reversibly inhibits root elongation in a concentration-dependent manner. This inhibition is partially explained by the antagonistic action of I3C on auxin signaling through TIR1. To further elucidate the mode of action of I3C in plants, we have employed a forward-genetic amiRNA screen that circumvents functional redundancy. We identified and characterized two amiRNA lines with impaired I3C response. The first line, ICT2, targets the phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase family (PIP5K), exhibiting tolerance to I3C, while the second line, ICS1, targets the Wall-Associated Kinases (WAK1–3) family, showing susceptibility to I3C. Both lines maintain I3C-induced antagonism of auxin signaling, indicating that their phenotypes are due to auxin-independent mechanisms. Transcript profiling experiments reveal that both lines are transcriptionally primed to respond to I3C treatment. Physiological, metabolomic, and transcriptomic analysis reveal that these kinases mediate numerous developmental processes and are involved in abiotic and biotic stress responses.
A Study on the Mechanical Behavior of a Wind Turbine Foundation with a Constrained Structural Shear Connector
Authors: Qi Jingjing , Ye Yining , Jiang Lizhong , Lü Weirong , Lu Beirong , Wu Jidong
Published: October 2024

Aiming to solve the problems that a wind turbine foundation with a foundation pipe may suffer from grouting, where the concrete around the interface collapses and the interface disintegrates under a long-term wind load, a kind of wind turbine foundation with a constrained structural shear connector is proposed. In this article, the scaling model tests and a finite element simulation of a traditional stud foundation pipe, perforated steel shear connector foundation pipe, and three groups of constrained structural shear connector foundation pipes with different anchored depths are presented. The force transmission mechanism and damage mechanism of constrained structural shear connector wind turbine foundations are revealed, and the shear resistance of a constrained structural shear connector is analyzed. The influences of buried depth and other parameters on the mechanical properties of the shear connector are also investigated. The results show that the constrained structural shear connector has the advantages of stronger interfacial stiffness and significant force transfer and diffusion, and can more effectively connect the foundation pipe and concrete foundation to work together. It can give full play to the material advantages of concrete and reinforcements, and effectively improve the embedded stiffness and durability of concrete foundations. It can solve the problem of cracks in concrete caused by local pressure. At the same time, it is suggested that the diameter of the surrounding concrete should be in the range of 3 to 4 D, and the embedment depth of the stud should not be less than 0.4 D to give full play to the performance of the constrained structural shear connector.
A Systematic Review of Phase II/III Trials of Hypofractionated versus Conventionally Fractionated Radiation Therapy in Stage III Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: Tsao May N. , Ung Yee , Cheung Patrick , Poon Ian , Louie Alexander V.
Published: October 2024

Introduction: This systematic review evaluated whether curative intent hypofractionated radiation therapy improved survival (primary endpoint) as compared to standard conventionally fractionated radiation therapy for stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Toxicity was also examined as a secondary endpoint. Methods: Electronic bibliographic databases were searched from 1 January 1990 to 31 March 2024. Phase II and phase III trials were included to assess survival (primary outcome) and toxicity (secondary outcome) for newly diagnosed stage III NSCLC patients. Results: Eight phase II trials (n = 349 participants), 3 randomized phase II trials (n = 382 participants), and 5 randomized phase III trials (n = 811 participants), for a total of 1542 participants, were identified. The published trials were heterogeneous, with a wide variety of dose prescriptions. A wide range of survivals (median survival 13.6 months–42.5 months) and toxicities such as grade 3 or higher esophagitis (0–42%) and grade 3 or higher pneumonitis (0–18%) were reported. Conclusions: There is no level 1 evidence to date that suggests that any hypofractionated regimen (dose escalated or not) improves survival as compared to conventionally fractionated radiation. The published phase III trials have been powered for superiority (not equivalence) for the hypofractionated arm. Toxicity with hypofractionated regimens may be similar to conventionally fractionated regimens when normal tissue radiotherapy constraints are kept within tolerance limits. It is unclear how the use of systemic therapy may negatively affect radiation toxicity with hypofractionated radiation therapy.
Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis as a Benign Condition Mimicking Inflammatory Breast Cancer: Current Status, Knowledge Gaps and Rationale for the GRAMAREG Study (EUBREAST-15)
Authors: Krawczyk Natalia , Kühn Thorsten , Ditsch Nina , Hartmann Steffi , Gentilini Oreste Davide , Lebeau Annette , de Boniface Jana , Hahn Markus , Çakmak Güldeniz Karadeniz , Alipour Sadaf , Bjelic-Radisic Vesna , Kolberg Hans-Christian , Reimer Toralf , Gasparri Maria Luisa , Tauber Nikolas , Neubacher Melissa , Banys-Paluchowski Maggie
Published: October 2024

Background: Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a rare, benign inflammatory breast condition often mistaken for inflammatory breast cancer and, therefore, requires a biopsy for accurate diagnosis. Although not cancerous, IGM can cause emotional distress because of severe pain and ensuing breast deformity. Differentiating IGM from other breast inflammations caused by infections is essential. IGM mostly affects premenopausal women and is potentially associated with recent pregnancies and breastfeeding. The risk factors, including smoking and contraceptive use, have inconsistent associations. Steroid responses suggest an autoimmune component, though specific markers are lacking. Methods: We performed a narrative review on potential risk factors, diagnostics, and therapy of IGM. Results: Diagnostics and clinical management of IGM are challenging. The treatment options include NSAIDs, steroids, surgery, antibiotics, immunosuppressants, prolactin suppressants, and observation, each with varying effectiveness and side effects. Conclusions: Current IGM treatment evidence is limited, based on case reports and small series. There is no consensus on the optimal management strategy for this disease. The GRAMAREG study by the EUBREAST Study Group aims to collect comprehensive data on IGM to improve diagnostic and treatment guidelines. By enrolling patients with confirmed IGM, the study seeks to develop evidence-based recommendations, enhancing patient care and understanding of this condition.
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in the Management of Brain Metastases from Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Comprehensive Review of Current Trials, Guidelines and Future Directions
Authors: Ranjan Tulika , Podder Vivek , Margolin Kim , Velcheti Vamsidhar , Maharaj Arun , Ahluwalia Manmeet Singh
Published: October 2024

Background: Brain metastases (BM) are a common, severe complication in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and are difficult to treat due to their complex tumor biology and the intricate microenvironment of the brain. Objectives: This review examines the current role of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in treating NSCLC with BM, focusing on the latest clinical trials, emerging strategies, current guidelines, and future directions. We highlight the efficacy of ICIs as monotherapy and in combination with other treatments such as radiotherapy, stereotactic radiosurgery, chemotherapy, and anti-VEGF agents. Results: While no single treatment sequence is universally accepted, combining ICIs with traditional therapies forms the core of the current treatment protocols. ICIs targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway have significantly advanced NSCLC treatment, demonstrated by improved overall and progression-free survival in various settings. However, optimizing these benefits requires careful consideration of potential side effects, including cognitive decline and radiation necrosis, and the impact of steroid use on ICI efficacy. Conclusion: The review underscores the necessity for a personalized, integrated multidisciplinary treatment approach. Future research should focus on refining combination therapies and understanding the optimal sequence and timing of treatment.
TFE3-Rearranged Tumors of the Kidney: An Emerging Conundrum
Authors: Caliò Anna , Marletta Stefano , Brunelli Matteo , Antonini Pietro , Martelli Filippo Maria , Marcolini Lisa , Stefanizzi Lavinia , Martignoni Guido
Published: October 2024

Background: Identical translocations involving the TFE3 gene and various partners have been found in both renal and soft tissue tumors, like alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPSCR1), ossifying fibromyxoid tumor (PHF1), epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, and the clear cell stromal tumor of the lung (YAP1). Methods: Herein, we review in detail the clinicopathologic and molecular data of TFE3-rearranged renal tumors and propose our perspective, which may shed light on this emerging conundrum. Results: Among the kidney tumors carrying TFE3 translocations, most are morphologically heterogeneous carcinomas labeling for the tubular marker PAX8. The others are mesenchymal neoplasms known as PEComas, characterized by epithelioid cells co-expressing smooth muscle actin, cathepsin-K, melanogenesis markers, and sometimes melanin pigment deposition. Over the past 30 years, numerous TFE3 fusion partners have been identified, with ASPL/ASPSCR1, PRCC, SFPQ/PSF, and NONO being the most frequent. Conclusions: It is not well understood why similar gene fusions can give rise to renal tumors with different morpho-immunophenotypes, which may contribute to the recent disagreement regarding their classification. However, as these two entities, respectively, epithelial and mesenchymal in nature, are widely recognized by the pathology community and their clinicopathologic features well established, we overall believe it is still better to retain the names TFE3-rearranged renal cell carcinoma and TFE3-rearranged PEComa.
Bile Acids-Based Therapies for Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: Current Landscape and Future Developments
Authors: Fiorucci Stefano , Urbani Ginevra , Di Giorgio Cristina , Biagioli Michele , Distrutti Eleonora
Published: October 2024

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a rare, chronic liver disease with no approved therapies. The ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) has been widely used, although there is no evidence that the use of UDCA delays the time to liver transplant or increases survival. Several candidate drugs are currently being developed. The largest group of these new agents is represented by FXR agonists, including obeticholic acid, cilofexor, and tropifexor. Other agents that target bile acid metabolism are ASTB/IBAP inhibitors and fibroblasts growth factor (FGF)19 analogues. Cholangiocytes, the epithelial bile duct cells, play a role in PSC development. Recent studies have revealed that these cells undergo a downregulation of GPBAR1 (TGR5), a bile acid receptor involved in bicarbonate secretion and immune regulation. Additional agents under evaluation are PPARs (elafibranor and seladelpar), anti-itching agents such as MAS-related G-protein–coupled receptors antagonists, and anti-fibrotic and immunosuppressive agents. Drugs targeting gut bacteria and bile acid pathways are also under investigation, given the strong link between PSC and gut microbiota.
Calcium Carbonate Deposition Model Supporting Multiple Operating Conditions Based on the Phase-Field Method for Free-Surface Flows
Authors: Lv Jianbing , Chen Zuru , Feng Li , Liang Chen , Li Jia , Huang Jingkai
Published: October 2024

The drainage systems of tunnels situated in limestone regions frequently encounter crystallization blockages. Numerous studies have addressed this issue, and their findings identified factors such as the flow velocity and temperature as influencing the crystallization process. However, these studies could not predict the occurrence of crystallization. Regarding theoretical approaches, most studies have focused on full-pipe operations or have solely considered flow-field dynamics without including simulations of the chemical reactions and mass transfers. This study introduces a mass-transfer model for drainage pipes based on a two-phase flow (water and air) with a free surface and non-full pipe flow that simulates the crystallization deposition process in drainage pipes. This model can predict the deposition conditions at varying flow velocities and intuitively visualize the crystallization process under the influence of various factors. The impact of flow velocity on the overall crystallization deposition process can be directly analyzed through simulations developed using this model. The results show that under conditions of incomplete pipe flow with no pressure at the outlet, the weight of the deposition first increases and then decreases within a certain velocity. This model can depict the variations within a 30 d period.
Bacterial Community of Heermann’s Gull (Larus heermanni): Insights into Their Most Common Species and Their Functional Role during the Breeding Season in the Gulf of California
Authors: Ruiz Enrico A. , Contreras-Rodríguez Araceli , Araiza Oliva , Aguilera-Arreola Ma G. , Hernández-García Juan A. , Flores-Martínez José J. , Sánchez-Cordero Víctor , Gomez-Lunar Zulema
Published: October 2024

The seabird intestinal microbiota, or bacteriome, predominantly consists of bacteria that establish during embryonic development through vertical transfer from females and horizontal transfer during growth and copulation. This study focuses on the Heermann’s Gull (Larus heermanni), a seabird that breeds mainly within the Gulf of California. Our goal was to understand its gut bacteriome composition and its implications for conservation and public health. Using microbiological techniques, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and mass spectrometry, we characterized the HG gut bacteriome and compared it with other bird species. Our findings reveal a diverse bacteriome, particularly in the intestine and rectum, with dominant phyla including Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, and Fusobacteria. Seasonal and sex-related differences were observed, with significant correlations between some pairs of bacteria. Notably, we identified various pathogens and potential zoonotic bacteria, underscoring the public health risks associated with Heermann’s Gull interaction with humans and other animals. These results highlight the importance of the Heermann’s Gull gut bacteriome in nutrient production, pathogen control, and digestive health, and emphasize the need for further research on pathogen transmission involving seabirds. Our study provides crucial insights for conservation strategies and underscores the role of wild birds in the epidemiology of zoonotic diseases.
Pulmonary Embolism in Critically Ill Patients—Prevention, Diagnosis, and Management
Authors: Vrettou Charikleia S. , Dima Effrosyni , Sigala Ioanna
Published: October 2024

Critically ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) are often immobilized and on mechanical ventilation, placing them at increased risk for thromboembolic diseases, particularly deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and, to a lesser extent, pulmonary embolism (PE). While these conditions are frequently encountered in the emergency department, managing them in the ICU presents unique challenges. Although existing guidelines are comprehensive and effective, they are primarily designed for patients presenting with PE in the emergency department and do not fully address the complexities of managing critically ill patients in the ICU. This review aims to summarize the available data on these challenging cases, offering a practical approach to the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of PE, particularly when it is acquired in the ICU.
Assessment of Active Tectonics Using Geomorphic Indices and Morphometric Parameters in the Setifian Highlands Region
Authors: Hadji Riheb , Taib Hassan , Gentilucci Matteo , Hamed Younes , Khalil Rayan , Asghar Basim , Barbieri Maurizio , Pambianchi Gilberto
Published: October 2024

The present study aims to assess the tectonic activity in the South Setifian allochthonous complex, providing insights into the evolution of the landscape. A morphometric analysis of Jebel Youcef Mountain (JYM) in Eastern Algeria was conducted to assess neotectonic activity. Six quantitative parameters were analyzed: stream length-gradient index, asymmetric factor, hypsometric integral, valley floor width-to-valley height ratio, index of drainage basin shape, and index of mountain front sinuosity across the 16 river basins in the region. The geomorphic indices are combined into a single index of relative tectonic activity (IRTA), categorized into four classes: very high, high, moderate, and low. The results identified two major lineament sets. The NE-SW lineament set is the dominant structural feature, playing a key role in driving recent geological processes and deformation in the study area. In contrast, the E-W and NW-SE lineament sets exert a more localized influence, primarily affecting the Jurassic formations at Kef El Ahmar’s central peak in Jebel Youcef, though they exhibit relatively lower tectonic activity compared to the NE-SW lineament set. Based on the relative active tectonic classes, significant neotectonic activity is evident in the study area, as shown by distinctive basement fracturing. The findings contribute to understanding the structural processes in the study area. Furthermore, the study establishes a systematic framework for analyzing tectonic activity and landscape morphology evolution, enhancing our perception of the convergence between the North African Alpine zones and the Atlas range.
Hardware Testing Methodologies for Wide Bandgap High-Power Converters
Authors: Chen Zibo , Guo Zhicheng , Chen Chen , Huang Alex Q.
Published: October 2024

Wide bandgap (WBG) power semiconductor devices are increasingly replacing silicon IGBTs in high-power and high-voltage power electronics applications. However, there is a significant gap in the literature regarding efficient testing methodologies for high-power and high-voltage converters under constrained laboratory resources. This paper addresses this gap by presenting comprehensive, hardware-focused testing methodologies for high-power and high-voltage WBG power semiconductor-based converter bring-up before the control validation phase steps in. The proposed methods enable thorough evaluation and validation of converter hardware, including device switching characteristics, driving circuit functionality, thermal management performance, insulation integrity, and sustained operation at full power. We utilized the double pulse test (DPT) to characterize switching performance in a two-level phase leg configuration, extract circuit parasitics, and validate magnetic components. The DPT was further applied to optimize gate driving circuits, validate overcurrent protection mechanisms, and measure device on-resistance. Additionally, a multicycle test was introduced to rapidly assess steady-state converter performance and estimate efficiency. Recognizing the critical role of thermal management in high-power converters, our methodologies extend to the experimental extraction of key thermal parameters—such as junction-to-ambient thermal resistance and thermal capacitance—via a heat loss injection method. A correlation method between temperature sensor measurements and junction temperature is presented to enhance the accuracy of device temperature monitoring during tests. To ensure reliability and safety, dielectric withstand tests and partial discharge measurements were conducted at both component and converter levels under conventional 60 Hz sinusoidal and high-frequency PWM waveforms. Finally, we highlight the importance of testing converters under full voltage, current, and thermal conditions through power circulating tests with minimal power consumption, applicable to both non-isolated and isolated high-power converters. Practical examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness and applicability of these hardware testing methodologies.
High-Efficiency Mechanical Progressive Louvered Guide Vanes for Radial Fans in Applications for Power Generation
Authors: Zarębski Dawid , Jóźwik Krzysztof
Published: October 2024

The necessity to change systems generating electrical energy is evident. The best solution would be to use installations utilizing renewable energy sources, complemented by efficient electric energy storage. This process requires time and further development, as well as new achievements in this area. Improving the situation can also result from enhancing the efficiency of devices already in operation. For a coal-fired power block, an important aspect is the variability of loads and ensuring the highest efficiency of all devices that make up the technological chain of such a unit, especially in variable working conditions. The article presents a new solution for regulating the working parameters of a radial fan for use in power engineering, which has high efficiency over a wide range of loads. The proposed six-blade solution allows one to obtain 115 Pa higher total pressure compared to four-blade systems, and efficiencies higher by 4.6 percentage points. The process of selecting elements and design parameters of the fan and its control system is discussed. The performance characteristics of the device with the new control system are presented.
Charging of an Air–Rock Bed Thermal Energy Storage under Natural and Forced Convection
Authors: Abrha Ashenafi Kebedom , Teklehaymanot Mebrahtu Kidanu , Kahsay Mulu Bayray , Nydal Ole Jørgen
Published: October 2024

An air-rock bed thermal storage system was designed for small-scale powered generation and analyzed with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) using ANSYS-Fluent simulation. An experimental system was constructed to compare and validate the simulation model results. The storage unit is a cylindrical steel container with granite rock pebbles as a storage medium. The CFD simulation used a porous flow model. Transient-state simulations were performed on a 2D axisymmetric model using a pressure-based solver. During charging, heat input that keeps the bottom temperature at 550 °C was applied to raise the storage temperature. Performance analysis was conducted under various porosities, considering natural and forced convection. The natural convection analysis showed insignificant convection contribution after 10 h of charging, as observed in both average air velocity and the temperature profile plots. The temperature distribution profiles at various positions for both convection modes showed good agreement between the simulation and experimental results. Additionally, both cases exhibited similar temperature growth trends, further validating the models. Forced convection reduced the charging time from 60 h to 5 h to store 70 MJ of energy at a porosity of 0.4, compared to natural convection, which stored only 50 MJ in the same time. This extended charging period was attributed to poor natural convective heat transfer, indicating that relying solely on natural convection for thermal energy storage under the given conditions is not practical. Using a small fan to enhance heat transfer, forced convection is a more practical method for charging the system, making it suitable for power generation applications.
The Convergence of Energy Poverty across Countries in the European Union
Authors: Cyrek Magdalena , Cyrek Piotr , Bieńkowska-Gołasa Wioletta , Gołasa Piotr
Published: October 2024

With growing attention being paid to the problems of sustainable development and just transition, energy poverty emerges as a focal issue to be addressed by the Common Policy. However, the dynamics of this phenomenon across the EU still appear to be insufficiently recognised. Therefore, this study deals with the problem of energy poverty convergence and aims to test it for the 27 EU countries over the period 2010–2022. Contrary to limited studies of energy poverty convergence that use a simple indicator, it uses aggregate measures based on consensual consequential indicators of energy poverty to verify the hypothesis of convergence. Absolute and conditional beta convergence are considered. Potential determinants of energy poverty are incorporated into a model of conditional convergence. The analysis confirms the existence of beta convergence of energy poverty in the EU, indicating the progressing socio-economic cohesion of the member states. The results, thus, deliver some arguments supporting an integrative approach to the energy policy of the EU. The research reveals that, among the factors influencing EP dynamics, an important role may be attributed to technological catch-up and income distribution across a society. Sustainable development should thus be supported with energy modernisation efforts of an inclusive character.
The Impact of Hydrogen on Flame Characteristics and Pollutant Emissions in Natural Gas Industrial Combustion Systems
Authors: Lan Yamei , Wang Zheng , Xu Jingxiang , Yi Wulang
Published: October 2024

To improve energy savings and emission reduction in industrial heating furnaces, this study investigated the impact of various molar fractions of hydrogen on natural gas combustion and compared the results of the Non-Premixed Combustion Model with the Eddy Dissipation Combustion Model. Initially, natural gas combustion in an industrial heating furnace was investigated experimentally, and these results were used as boundary conditions for CFD simulations. The diffusion flame and combustion characteristics of natural gas were simulated using both the non-premixed combustion model and the Eddy Dissipation Combustion Model. The results indicated that the Non-Premixed Combustion Model provided simulations more consistent with experimental data, within acceptable error margins, thus validating the accuracy of the numerical simulations. Additionally, to analyze the impact of hydrogen doping on the performance of an industrial gas heater, four gas mixtures with varying hydrogen contents (15% H2, 30% H2, 45% H2, and 60% H2) were studied while maintaining constant fuel inlet temperature and flow rate. The results demonstrate that the Non-Premixed Combustion Model more accurately simulates complex flue gas flow and chemical reactions during combustion. Moreover, hydrogen-doped natural gas significantly reduces CO and CO2 emissions compared to pure natural gas combustion. Specifically, at 60% hydrogen content, CO and CO2 levels decrease by 70% and 37.5%, respectively, while NO emissions increase proportionally; at this hydrogen content, NO concentration in the furnace chamber rises by 155%.
Advanced Fuel Based on Semi-Coke and Cedarwood: Kinetic Characteristics and Synergetic Effects
Authors: Zhuikov Andrey , Irtyugo Lily , Samoilo Alexander , Zhuikova Yana , Grishina Irina , Pyanykh Tatyana , Chicherin Stanislav
Published: October 2024

This paper presents the results of analytical studies of the combustion process of semi-coke, cedar sawdust, and their mixtures using the TGA method at three different heating rates with the determination of the main characteristics of heating: the presence of synergetic interaction between the components of the mixture affecting the maximum rate of combustion and kinetic parameters. Calculations of activation energy and pre-exponential multiplier of the Arrhenius equation by the Friedman and Ozawa–Flynn–Wall priori methods for initial combustibles and their mixtures have been carried out. Semi-coke was obtained by thermal treatment of brown coal at 700–900 °C to remove volatile substances, which makes it more environmentally friendly than the original coal. Semi-coke has a higher heat of combustion than biomass, and biomass has a higher reactivity than semi-coke. The combustion process of biomass occurs in a lower temperature range, and adding biomass to semi-coke shifts the combustion process to a lower temperature range than such for biomass. Adding at least 50% of biomass to semi-coke increases the combustion index by at least 1.1 times. Regardless of the heating rate of mixtures, synergetic interaction between the mixture’s components increases the maximum combustion rate of coke residue by 20%.