bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Les mystères du changement à la française
Authors: Segal Jean-Pierre
Published: August 2011

Résumé À la RATP, le projet METEOR tire vers le haut tous ceux qui y participent, et entraîne un surcroît d’adhésion favorisant sa réussite, mais les autres y voient plutôt matière à nourrir leur ressentiment à l’égard d’une direction moins attentive à leur propre sort. Comment résoudre ce genre de dilemme ?
La reprise des Aciéries de Ploërmel : une aventure coopérative !
Authors: Sabourin Alain , Trideau Pascal
Published: August 2011

Résumé Grâce à un administrateur judiciaire imaginatif et des clients fidèles, les cadres et les salariés des Aciéries de Ploërmel Industrie, devenus les actionnaires de leur entreprise en perdition, ont pu assurer ensemble sa survie, ce qui n’était pas évident dans le secteur de la fonderie !
Loos-en-Gohelle, laboratoire du développement durable
Authors: Caron Jean-François
Published: August 2011

Résumé Élu maire de Loos-en-Gohelle en 2001, Jean-François Caron lance un projet de ville durable aux résultats étonnants. Réélu avec 82,1 % des voix, il s’interroge sur le transfert de ces expériences et la façon de tirer parti plus largement des pratiques et des idées qui ont germé sur le terrain.
La créativité dans la recherche
Authors: Schächter Vincent , Taddei François
Published: August 2011

Résumé Selon Vincent Schächter et François Taddéi, les institutions françaises étouffent plutôt les “étincelles” créatives de certains chercheurs, alors que les organismes de recherche anglo-saxons valorisent et soutiennent les personnalités atypiques et créatives.
ILOG, leçons d'un parcours
Authors: Haren Pierre
Published: August 2011

Résumé Pierre Haren, PDG d’ILOG qu’il a fondée en 1997, retrace le parcours de l’entreprise, son implantation aux États-Unis, son introduction au Nasdaq et sa croissance externe, jusqu’à ce qu’il accepte la proposition de rachat par IBM en 2008. Il en tire nombre de leçons.
Le “Français”, ce paquebot...
Authors: Mayette Muriel , Lamy Jérôme
Published: August 2011

Résumé L’image du paquebot peut s’imposer lorsqu’on évoque la gestion de la Comédie-Française, tant l’institution est prestigieuse et difficile à manœuvrer. Malgré la réduction de ses moyens, elle continue à proposer huit cents représentations par an.
Cantine : un espace de rencontres physiques au cœur de l'économie virtuelle
Authors: Le Barzic Marie-Vorgan , Distinguin Stéphane
Published: August 2011

Résumé La Cantine est un lieu de rencontres et d’échanges créé en janvier 2008 par l’association Silicon Sentier. Il a été fréquenté depuis par quinze mille personnes venues pour participer aux événements proposés, ou pour y travailler quelques heures avec leurs pairs.
L'improbable succès de “Rue des Entrepreneurs”
Authors: Adès Didier , Dambert Dominique
Published: August 2011

Résumé Produite en 1993 par Didier Adès et Dominique Dambert, Rue des entrepreneurs visait à faire comprendre la vie économique de notre pays au travers des problèmes rencontrés par les entrepreneurs. En 2010, ils attiraient chaque semaine trois millions d’auditeurs.
Repris de justesse : agir autrement face à la violence
Authors: Kherfi Yazid
Published: August 2011

Résumé La politique de la ville vise à combattre les effets néfastes de l’exclusion vécue par les populations des banlieues, mais ces deux mondes s’éloignent toujours davantage. Un ancien braqueur engage les uns et les autres à construire un mieux vivre ensemble, démontrant sans relâche que la violence n’est pas une fatalité.
Les Guignols de l'info : machine rodée et maison fragile
Authors: Le Rolland Yves
Published: August 2011

Résumé Cinq soirs par semaine depuis vingt et un ans, Les Guignols restent fidèles à Canal+, avec une large audience. Leur longévité s’explique notamment par une indépendance d’esprit vis-à-vis de l’entreprise, résultat d’une volonté partagée de préservation d’identité et de pérennité.
Quelle banque après la crise ?
Authors: Pauget Georges
Published: August 2011

Résumé Selon Georges Pauget, le modèle de la banque universelle, en faveur en Europe et qui a le mieux résisté à la crise, devient inadapté : l’avenir serait aux banques qui combinent deux, et seulement deux parmi trois métiers, la banque de détail, la gestion d’actifs et la banque d’investissement.
Des systèmes de navigation sans GPS : du laboratoire au grand public
Authors: Vissière David
Published: August 2011

Résumé Pour pallier les limites des technologies de localisation par GPS ou GSM, une petite équipe d’experts a développé une technologie s’appuyant sur les variations du champ magnétique, puis créé une entreprise pour la commercialiser. Son fondateur raconte cette aventure.
Les Campus Veolia : de l'ambition dans la formation
Authors: de Chergé Hilaire
Published: August 2011

Résumé Ayant voulu transplanter dans ses filiales étrangères un système de formation interne mis en place en France, le groupe Veolia a dû en préciser le cœur identitaire et la part de liberté réservée aux dirigeants locaux. Un réseau mondial de dix-huit campus atteste aujourd’hui de la pertinence de cette démarche.
Innovations financières : révolution ou conformisme ?
Authors: Bertrand Jean-Louis , Walter Christian
Published: August 2011

Résumé La crise financière de 2008 est-elle imputable aux incessantes innovations financières ou, au contraire, à la forte résistance des acteurs de la finance à l’évidente amélioration qu’apporteraient d’autres approches que celles des modèles dominants actuels.
Un équilibrage réussi entre industrialisation et création : l'exploit Plus belle la vie
Authors: Meslet Vincent , Dubernet Isabelle , Fuhrer Éric
Published: August 2011

Résumé La série Plus belle la vie est un succès d’audience hors norme et une prouesse industrielle : vingt minutes du feuilleton sont produites par jour. Malgré cette contrainte, ses auteurs jouissent d’une liberté de ton qui leur permet, depuis sept ans, de surprendre et de fidéliser les spectateurs.
Un grand campus d'innovation technologique : de MINATEC à GIANT
Authors: Guibert Jean-Charles
Published: August 2011

Résumé Après la création de MINATEC en 2000, le CEA constitue en 2006 un “MIT à la française” nommé GIANT, qui mise à la fois sur la qualité de l’environnement scientifique et celle des aménagements du polygone scientifique de Grenoble.
Réconcilier l'inconciliable ?
Authors: Colson Aurélien
Published: August 2011

Résumé Aurélien Colson cherche à tirer de l’expérience du programme Négociateurs du Monde des leçons opérationnelles en matière de négociation et de médiation, cernant méthodes et techniques qui ont fait leurs preuves et peuvent s’appliquer à des situations managériales.
Quelles sont la place et la légitimité de la communication collective professionnelle ?
Authors: Orenga Louis
Published: August 2011

Résumé Face aux effets dévastateurs des peurs suscitées par la vache folle, la grippe aviaire ou la grippe porcine, comment gérer la communication ? Confronté depuis des années à ce type de crises, Louis Orenga avance des pistes pour sortir des ornières actuelles.
La grande mue de la Croix-Rouge française
Authors: Mattéi Jean-François
Published: August 2011

Résumé Fin 2004, le professeur Mattei, élu président de la Croix-Rouge française, constate qu’il faut moderniser rapidement son organisation fragilisée par les déficits de ses établissements. Ce sont les valeurs de son projet associatif qui fondent ses orientations stratégiques et guident son plan d’action.
Repenser la performance de haut niveau pour gagner
Authors: Fauquet Claude
Published: August 2011

Résumé Les succès spectaculaires des nageurs et athlètes français en 2010 résultent d’une révolution copernicienne initiée après les échecs des Jeux olympiques d’Atlanta en 1996. Fondée sur une réflexion qui se recentre sur la relation athlète-entraîneur, elle réfute les concepts de filière de haut niveau ou de détection, et exclut tout modèle a priori du champion. Cette conception est aujourd’hui mise au service de l’ensemble du sport de haut niveau français, à travers l’évolution de ses structures.
La crise : salutaire pour l'avenir de l'ancienne et de la nouvelle Europe ?
Authors: Simac Neven
Published: August 2011

Résumé Les pays d’Europe centrale, orientale et du Sud-Est sont sortis des totalitarismes du xx e siècle avec un sens déformé de l’homme et de la politique, et ceux de l’Europe dite libre se sont laissés entraîner dans un néolibéralisme anglo-saxon qui n’offre guère de perspective pour construire un espace collectif serein et dynamique. Il faudrait se saisir de l’actuelle situation de crise pour résoudre les problèmes issus du passé, et construire les bases d’une direction qui revitalise le projet européen.
La production d'effacement : comment offrir des économies d'électricité à des millions de foyers
Authors: Bivas Pierre
Published: August 2011

Résumé Voltalis produit des économies significatives d’énergie en arrêtant les radiateurs électriques sans nuire au confort des consommateurs. Ses revenus viennent de RTE (Réseau de transport d’électricité) qui peut ainsi réduire ses productions d’appoint, chères et polluantes, tout en maintenant l’équilibre du système électrique.
Pilote ou la naissance d'un art ?
Authors: Christin Pierre , Gaumer Patrick , Mézières Jean-Claude
Published: August 2011

Résumé Le journal Pilote a cassé les genres, ouvert des espaces de liberté, misé sur des auteurs atypiques et talentueux, et exprimé une contre-culture, jusqu’à ce que la BD de presse soit condamnée à disparaître au profit d’une BD éditoriale : le 9e art, une exception française à laquelle Pilote a beaucoup contribué.
Avec Racines les seniors de Vendée font eux-mêmes leur presse
Authors: Baty Catherine , Métivier Gilbert
Published: August 2011

Résumé Les syndicalistes et militants de Vendée voulant faire vivre le lien social sur leur territoire, Gilbert Métivier crée Racines en 1993, un mensuel destiné aux seniors qui rencontre rapidement son public. Catherine Baty, qui a succédé au fondateur, conte cette aventure de presse inédite.
La sensorialité dans le transfert
Authors: Durmanova Helena
Published: August 2011

Résumé La sensorialité a été abordée par S. Freud dans son travail sur l’hystérie et sur les rêves, puis explorée plus récemment en tant qu’« anti-lien » et « anti-pensée ». Mais qu’en est-il de la sensorialité dans le lien transférentiel avec le patient adulte ? En quoi peut-elle être un outil d’analyse du transfert ? Cet article explore comment la sensorialité attire sur elle des parties du lien qui n’ont pas été assimilées psychiquement et qui sont réactualisées par le transfert. A défaut d’avoir trouvé un scénario interne, l’excitation libre va se lier a minima sur la périphérie où la sensorialité va donner corps à ce qui n’a pas été lié dans l’appareil psychique. Par des va-et-vient entre le dedans et le dehors, l’analyse de la sensorialité dans le transfert permet de donner du sens aux sens afin de favoriser l’appropriation psychique d’un vécu resté jusqu’alors non-pensable.
Enfants surdoués
Authors: Goldman Caroline
Published: August 2011

Résumé Comment le psychisme infantile en vient-il à surinvestir la pensée ? Notre propos est de contribuer à éclairer cette orientation symptomatique chez l’enfant dit surdoué, en préjugeant de l’impact d’un aspect de l’environnement familial sur le cheminement pulsionnel ayant mené vers la sublimation. Cette orientation serait en partie due à un surinvestissement des théories sexuelles par l’enfant, du fait de circonstances réellement énigmatiques entourant sa naissance. L’évocation de la pulsion de savoir, première pulsion épistémophilique humaine naissant avec les théories sexuelles infantiles vers l’âge de trois ans, précède dans le présent exposé, l’observation de certains facteurs familiaux susceptibles d’avoir influencé le surinvestissement de cette pulsion chez les enfants surdoués : pères absents, parents en très grand conflit, situations d’adoption ou naissances par fécondation in vitro . Une illustration de l’influence présumée de ces facteurs est proposée à travers la clinique (comprenant les entretiens psychiatriques et les examens psychologiques complets) de trois jeunes garçons aux QI supérieurs à 140, âgés de sept à treize ans. La lecture fine de leurs protocoles projectifs (Rorschach et Épreuves thématiques) met particulièrement en relief, d’une part le caractère extrêmement douloureux de leur affectivité, et d’autre part la massivité de leurs préoccupations inconscientes autour des origines ; préoccupations primaires constituant pourtant souvent le tremplin d’une exceptionnelle capacité de secondarisation.
Network analysis of the RASFF database: a mycotoxin perspective
Authors: Petroczi A. , Nepusz T. , Taylor G. , Naughton D.
Published: August 2011

Analysis of the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) provides useful trend analyses such as identification
of transgressor and detector nations, and determination of seasonal variations in contamination patterns. This
approach may inform a nation's testing regimes along with trade intelligence to secure safe food supplies. The aim
of this investigation was to explore the use of descriptive statistics coupled to network analysis to provide a user
friendly approach to allow interrogation of the RASFF database. Categorisation of notifications by contaminant
type reveals that some 30% of all notifications are generated owing to mycotoxins with aflatoxins being the major
contributor. In the period between January 2008 and October 2010, the order of nations reported for mycotoxin
contamination appeared in the order Turkey, China, Iran and USA. Network analysis allows rapid determination of
trends in the RASFF database as each contaminant type can be filtered to focus on nations acting as transgressors and
detectors. In addition, the impact of each nation can be assigned as the network tool incorporates a consideration
of frequency counts as well as number of countries involved. This approach rapidly identifies the key detectors and
transgressors, confirming Turkey, China and Iran as key transgressor nations for mycotoxins. Changes over time,
during the assessment period, reveal that Iran is improving in the longer term in contrast to Turkey and China
where further remedial action is warranted. In summary, a network tool has several advantages over descriptive
statistics. It can rapidly identify trends in detector and transgressor nations for each category of contaminant. It
can also provide an impact score for each nation providing weekly updates to help identify emerging issues either
as nations and/or contaminant type.
Regulation of Macrophage Arginase Expression and Tumor Growth by the Ron Receptor Tyrosine Kinase
Authors: Sharda Daniel R. , Yu Shan , Ray Manujendra , Squadrito Mario Leonardo , De Palma Michele , Wynn Thomas A. , Morris Sidney M. , Hankey Pamela A.
Published: August 2011

M1 activation of macrophages promotes inflammation and immunity to intracellular pathogens, whereas M2 macrophage activation promotes resolution of inflammation, wound healing, and tumor growth. These divergent phenotypes are characterized, in part, by the expression of inducible NO synthase and arginase I (Arg1) in M1 versus M2 activated macrophages, respectively. In this study, we demonstrate that the Ron receptor tyrosine kinase tips the balance of macrophage activation by attenuating the M1 phenotype while promoting expression of Arg1 through a Stat6-independent mechanism. Induction of the Arg1 promoter by Ron is mediated by an AP-1 site located 433 bp upstream of the transcription start site. Treatment of primary macrophages with macrophage stimulating protein, the ligand for Ron, induces potent MAPK activation, upregulates Fos, and enhances binding of Fos to the AP-1 site in the Arg1 promoter. In vivo, Arg1 expression in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) from Ron−/− mice was significantly reduced compared with that in TAMs from control animals. Furthermore, we show that Ron is expressed specifically by Tie2-expressing macrophages, a TAM subset that exhibits a markedly skewed M2 and protumoral phenotype. Decreased Arg1 in TAMs from Ron−/− mice was associated with reduced syngeneic tumor growth in these animals. These findings indicate that Ron induces Arg1 expression in macrophages through a previously uncharacterized AP-1 site in the Arg1 promoter and that Ron could be therapeutically targeted in the tumor microenvironment to inhibit tumor growth by targeting expression of Arg1.
Cutting Edge: A Dual Role for Type I IFNs during Polyinosinic-Polycytidylic Acid-Induced NK Cell Activation
Authors: Beuneu Hélène , Deguine Jacques , Bouvier Isabelle , Di Santo James P. , Albert Matthew L. , Bousso Philippe
Published: August 2011

NK cells are cytotoxic lymphocytes that are most efficient at fulfilling their functions after a phase of priming provided by cytokines and/or accessory cells. Although type I IFNs are known to be important in this process, it remains unclear whether they act directly on NK cells or indirectly on accessory cells. We used adoptive transfer experiments and mixed bone marrow chimeras to dissect the requirement for type I IFN signaling in response to the dsRNA analog polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid. We demonstrate that optimal NK cell priming requires type I IFNs to signal on both NK cells and accessory cells. In the absence of IL-15, the residual NK cell activation was strictly dependent on cell-intrinsic IFNAR signaling in NK cells. Our results suggest that type I IFNs produced following viral infection simultaneously target accessory cells for IL-15 transpresentation and NK cells themselves and that these two pathways cooperate for NK cell priming.
Intracellular Lipid Flux and Membrane Microdomains as Organizing Principles in Inflammatory Cell Signaling
Authors: Fessler Michael B. , Parks John S.
Published: August 2011

Lipid rafts and caveolae play a pivotal role in organization of signaling by TLR4 and several other immune receptors. Beyond the simple cataloguing of signaling events compartmentalized by these membrane microdomains, recent studies have revealed the surprisingly central importance of dynamic remodeling of membrane lipid domains to immune signaling. Simple interventions upon membrane lipid, such as changes in cholesterol loading or crosslinking of raft lipids, are sufficient to induce micrometer-scale reordering of membranes and their protein cargo with consequent signal transduction. In this review, using TLR signaling in the macrophage as a central focus, we discuss emerging evidence that environmental and genetic perturbations of membrane lipid regulate protein signaling, illustrate how homeostatic flow of cholesterol and other lipids through rafts regulates the innate immune response, and highlight recent attempts to harness these insights toward therapeutic development.
T Cell-Depleted HlA-Haploidentical Stem Cell Transplantation in Thalassemia Young Patients
Authors: Sodani Pietro , Isgrò Antonella , Gaziev Javid , Paciaroni Katia , Marziali Marco , Simone Maria , Roveda Andrea , Alfieri Cecilia , De Angelis Gioa , Gallucci Cristiano , Fabio Torelli , Isacchi Giancarlo , Zinno Francesco , Landi Fabiola , Adorno Gaspare , Lanti Alessandro , Testi Manuela , Andreani Marco , Lucarelli Guido
Published: August 2011

The cure for thalassemia involves correcting the genetic defect in a hematopoietic stem cell that results in reduced or absent β-globin synthesis and an excess of α-globin dimers. [...]
New Genetics and Diagnosis of Childhood B-Cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Harrison Christine
Published: August 2011

Over the last 50 years, while significant advances have been made in the successful treatment of childhood leukaemia, similar progress has been made in understanding the genetics of the disease. In childhood B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (BCP-ALL), the incidences of individual chromosomal abnormalities are well established and cytogenetics provides a reliable tool for risk stratification for treatment. In spite of this role, a number of patients will relapse. Increasing numbers of additional genetic changes, including deletions and mutations, are being discovered. Their associations with established cytogenetic subgroups and with each other remain unclear. Whether they have a link to outcome is the most important factor in terms of refinement of risk factors in relation to clinical trials. For a number of newly identified abnormalities, appropriately modified therapy has significantly improved outcome. Alternatively, some of these aberrations are providing novel molecular markers for targeted therapy.
Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension in Mice with Constitutively Active Platelet‐Derived Growth Factor Receptor‐β
Authors: Dahal Bhola K. , Heuchel Rainer , Pullamsetti Soni Savai , Wilhelm Jochen , Ghofrani Hossein A. , Weissmann Norbert , Seeger Werner , Grimminger Friedrich , Schermuly Ralph T.
Published: August 2011

Platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) has been implicated in the pathobiology of vascular remodeling. The multikinase inhibitor imatinib that targets PDGF receptor (PDGFR), c‐kit and Abl kinases, shows therapeutic efficacy against experimental pulmonary hypertension (PH); however, the role of PDGFR‐β in experimental PH has not been examined by genetic approach. We investigated the chronic hypoxia‐induced PH in mice carrying an activating point mutation of PDGFR‐β (D849N) and evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of imatinib. In addition, we studied pulmonary global gene expression and confirmed the expression of identified genes by immunohistochemistry. Chronically hypoxic D849N mice developed PH and strong pulmonary vascular remodeling that was improved by imatinib (100 mg/kg/day) as evident from the significantly reduced right ventricular systolic pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy and muscularization of peripheral pulmonary arteries. Global gene expression analysis revealed that stromal cell derived factor SDF)‐1αwas significantly upregulated, which was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Moreover, an enhanced immunoreactivity for SDF‐1α, PDGFR‐β and CXCR4, the receptor for SDF‐1α was localized to the α‐smooth muscle cell (SMC) actin positive pulmonary vascular cells in hypoxic mice and patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH). In conclusion, our findings substantiate the major role of PDGFR activation in pulmonary vascular remodeling by a genetic approach. Immunohistochemistry findings suggest a role for SDF‐1α/CXCR4 axis in pulmonary vascular remodeling and point to a potential interaction between the chemokine SDF‐1 and the growth factor PDGF signaling. Future studies designed to elucidate an interaction between the chemokine SDF‐1 and the PDGF system may uncover novel therapeutic targets.
Air Travel Can Be Safe and Well Tolerated in Patients with Clinically Stable Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Thamm Melanie , Voswinckel Robert , Tiede Henning , Lendeckel Friederike , Grimminger Friedrich , Seeger Werner , Ghofrani Hossein A.
Published: August 2011

Our aim was to determine what proportion of patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) has undertaken air travel contrary to the general medical advice and to characterize these patients according to disease severity and medical treatment. In cooperation with Pulmonale Hypertonie e.V., the German patient organization, a questionnaire was distributed. In total, 430 of 720 questionnaires were returned completed. Of the 179 patients who travelled at least once by air, the distribution of New York Heart Association functional classes I/ II/ III/ IV was 2/ 77/ 74/ 8, respectively; 83 patients were receiving monotherapy; 58 patients were receiving a combination of two or more therapies; 57 patients were on long‐term ambulatory oxygen treatment; and 29 patients used supplemental oxygen while travelling. Overall, 20 adverse events were reported, mostly of mild to moderate severity (i.e., peripheral edema, dyspnea), with need of medical intervention in only 7 cases. The 251 patients who did not travel by air were, on average, in more advanced stages of disease and/or clinically unstable. In conclusion, a majority of patients (159 out of 179) did not experience any complications during or directly after the fight even though no special precautions were taken. Thus we conclude that for patients with PH in a stable clinical condition, air travel can be safe and well tolerated.
Lung Transplantation for Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: George M. Patricia , Champion Hunter C. , Pilewski Joseph M.
Published: August 2011

Although medical therapies for pulmonary arterial hypertension have greatly improved, it remains a chronic and fatal disease. For patients who are refractory to medical therapy, lung transplantation is an important treatment option. This review discusses issues pertaining to indications for transplant, preparation for transplant and listing, operative issues, and outcomes for patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Absorbing Boundary Conditions for Solving N-Dimensional Stationary Schrödinger Equations with Unbounded Potentials and Nonlinearities
Authors: Klein Pauline , Antoine Xavier , Besse Christophe , Ehrhardt Matthias
Published: August 2011

We propose a hierarchy of novel absorbing boundary conditions for the one-dimensional stationary Schrödinger equation with general (linear and nonlinear) potential. The accuracy of the new absorbing boundary conditions is investigated numerically for the computation of energies and ground-states for linear and nonlinear Schrödinger equations. It turns out that these absorbing boundary conditions and their variants lead to a higher accuracy than the usual Dirichlet boundary condition. Finally, we give the extension of these ABCs to N-dimensional stationary Schrödinger equations.
Por uma ciência formativa e indiciária: proposta epistemológica para a ciência da informação
Authors: Araújo Eliany Alvarenga de
Published: August 2011

Reflexão epistemológica sobre a Ciência da Informação como “fazer científico” que se estrutura na Ciência Moderna, em termos teóricos e metodológicos e nas Tecnologias da Informação, em termos aplicados. Tal configuração possibilitou o surgimento desta ciência, porém consideramos que a mesma não garantirá à mesma o pleno desenvolvimento como campo de conhecimento consistente e moderno. A Ciência Moderna, enquanto visão e prática científica encontra-se esgotada e as Tecnologias de Informação são apenas mecanismos autoregulados que funcionam segundo princípios de automatismos. A partir destas considerações propomos o conceito de ciência formativa (Bachelard, 1996) e o paradigma indiciário (Ginzburg, 1991) como bases teóricas e metodológicas para uma epistemologia da Ciência da Informação. O conceito de ciência formativa se baseia no principio dos três estados do espírito científico e nas condições psicológicas do progresso científico e o paradigma indiciário propõe a intuição (empírica e racional) como base metodológica para o fazer científico.
A lógica econômica da edição científica certificada
Authors: Bolaño César Ricardo Siqueira , Kobashi Nair , Santos Raimundo Nonato Macedo Dos
Published: August 2011

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma primeira aproximação ao estudo da lógica produtiva da edição científica certificada, incluindo, inicialmente, uma breve caracterização do problema das bases de dados referenciais, elementos chave na estrutura da atual economia do conhecimento, um pequeno histórico, em seguida, do desenvolvimento das revistas científicas, chegando a explicitar as questões fundamentais para entender o atual jogo de interesses no setor, e o esboço, finalmente, de um quadro de análise da cadeia produtiva em exame. O enfoque teórico é o da crítica da economia política do conhecimento.
Informação, assimetria de informações e regulação do mercado de saúde suplementar
Authors: Lima Clóvis Ricardo Montenegro de
Published: August 2011

A informação é condição para a democracia. As redes sociais são relevantes nas formações culturais atuais, sendo modo privilegiado de produção e disseminação de informação. As novas tecnologias facilitam registro, publicação e difusão de documentos e informações, especialmente através da internet. A ética da discussão orientada para o entendimento implica no agir comunicativo com base em argumentos racionais. A assimetria de informações entre atores nos mercados requer regulação do Estado. O mercado funciona geralmente de modo imperfeito, sendo muitas vezes incapaz de apresentar preço e outras condições de oferta socialmente aceitáveis. No mercado de saúde suplementar existem, aproximadamente, 2.200 operadoras que incluem 40 milhões de beneficiários. A Agência Nacional de Saúde Suplementar regula o setor a partir dos marcos estabelecidos nas Leis n. 9656/98 e n. 9961/00. A produção, o processamento e o compartilhamento de informações podem ser importantes ferramentas de regulação.
Regimes de visibilidade das práticas do profissional bibliotecário
Authors: Barbalho Célia Regina Simonetti
Published: August 2011

Discute a imagem do profissional bibliotecário veiculada nos diversos meios e veículos de comunicação de massa. Aborda a questão da representação social como fruto das relações efetivadas quando do fazer profissional que compõe uma imagem caricatural e estereotipada baseada no perfil do fazer tradicional, tecnicista, que permeou sua ação até o surgimento dos mecanismos informatizados de geração, armazenamento e disseminação da informação, que é limitada a uma senhora de óculos, cabelos amarrados, trajes reservados, temida pelos usuários e sem expectativa de crescimento profissional. Elege como abordagem de pesquisa a semiótica, em especial, a sociosemiótica e destaca como corpus de pesquisa as imagens expostas nos quadrinhos e nos filmes para compor a análise em tela.
Mapeamento de um artigo produzido na UFRGS: razões das citações recebidas
Authors: Brambilla Sônia Domingues Santos , Vanz Samile Andréa de Souza , Stumpf Ida Regina C.
Published: August 2011

O trabalho se insere nos estudos cientométricos desenvolvidos pelo grupo de estudos em Comunicação Científica do PPGCOM/UFRGS. Nesta pesquisa, foi testada a metodologia apresentada por Ahmed e outros (2004) que evidencia razões de citação através de análise de conteúdo, categorizando as citações de acordo com o motivo pelo qual estão sendo citadas. Selecionou-se o artigo mais citado de pesquisador da UFRGS publicado no periódico nacional com maior fator de impacto. Os resultados da primeira etapa mostraram a temporalidade das citações, idioma dos artigos, co-autoria, auto-citação e periódicos citantes. Na segunda etapa, verificou-se que todas as citações foram motivadas pela mesma razão: o uso da metodologia descrita pelos pesquisadores da UFRGS, além da ocorrência de pesquisa realizada em grupo, configurando uma comunidade científica produtiva, que publica em periódicos internacionais.
Redes sociais: posições dos atores no fluxo da informação
Authors: Tomaél Maria Inês , Marteleto Regina Maria
Published: August 2011

A rede social do consórcio de exportação de móveis – Export Móveis – foi estudada neste trabalho tendo-se como foco os indicadores de centralidade e de ligações fortes e fracas da rede. Os índices de centralidade são abordados sob quatro aspectos: informação – analisa os fluxos de informação; grau – considera o número de contatos diretos; intermediação – identifica quem medeia, controla e direciona a informação na rede; proximidade – avalia a distância de um ator em relação a outros. As ligações fortes – contatos mais próximos, e as ligações fracas – mais distantes são analisadas tendo como base os índices de centralidade de proximidade. A análise de redes sociais, que avalia padrões de relacionamento foi a metodologia empregada e respaldou a análise dos dados com a aplicação das medidas que lhe são peculiares. Os resultados demonstram que os atores mais importantes na rede exercem funções no nível estratégico, sendo responsáveis pela tomada de decisões em suas empresas e no consórcio, campo de pesquisa deste trabalho. O fluxo e compartilhamento da informação na rede são dependentes desses atores, assim como a condução das ações e planejamento do consórcio.
Sitios webs de centros universitarios de estudios de las mujeres en españa: selección y evaluación
Authors: Ramírez Isabel de Torres , Muñoz Ana María Muñoz
Published: August 2011

Tras presentar de manera sucinta el nivel de desarrollo de los Estudios de las Mujeres en España y de enumerar los centros universitarios que los generan y difunden, se evalúan los sitios web que tienen como titular a institutos, seminarios o aulas de género, utilizando como punto de vista la usabilidad, con el objetivo de que los resultados puedan servir para mejorar el uso y consulta de las páginas existentes y, sobre todo, como modelo para las que se creen en el futuro dentro de dicho ámbito.
La colaboración hispano-latinoamericana en los orígenes y desarrollo del movimiento documental europeo contemporáneo (1900-1920)
Authors: Ros Guillermo Olagüe de
Published: August 2011

A comienzos del siglo XX España y las repúblicas latinoamericanas participaron de forma activa en los primeros proyectos documentales contemporáneos. En este trabajo se estudian las iniciativas españolas, en colaboración con Latinoamérica, por crear instrumentos documentales en ciencias recurriendo a la lengua española como elemento de cohesión. Se analizan la Unión Médica Hispano-Americana (1900), que promovió la elaboración de un Diccionario Tecnológico Médico Hispano-Americano (1903), y la Unión Internacional de Bibliografía y Tecnología Científicas (1910), que fue auspiciada por la Academia de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales de Madrid.
Fazer semiótico: subsídios para exame do espaço concreto
Authors: Barbalho Célia Regina Simonetti
Published: August 2011

Discorre sobre a teoria semiótica da escola francesa descrevendo suas principais noções conceituais. Discute o percurso gerativo de sentido efetivado por aquele que se manifesta ponderando que um texto se estrutura através dos níveis profundo, narrativo e discursivo. Conceitua texto sob a ótica da semiótica, apontado ser ele uma unidade de significado dotada de uma organização. Traça as concepções sobre o texto arquitetônico pautando elementos teóricos que permitem sua análise. Examina alguns pontos a serem debatidos mais amplamente para o entendimento do espaço concreto da biblioteca apontando indícios que produzem sentido no olhar do fruidor.
Global and long-term comparison of SCIAMACHY limb ozone profiles with correlative satellite data (2002–2008)
Authors: Mieruch S. , Weber M. , von Savigny C. , Rozanov A. , Bovensmann H. , Burrows J. P. , Bernath P. F. , Boone C. D. , Froidevaux L. , Gordley L. L. , Mlynczak M. G. , Russell III J. M. , Thomason L. W. , Walker K. A. , Zawodny J. M.
Published: August 2011

Abstract. SCIAMACHY limb scatter ozone profiles from 2002 to 2008 have been compared with MLS (2005–2008), SABER (2002–2008), SAGE II (2002–2005), HALOE (2002–2005) and ACE-FTS (2004–2008) measurements. The comparison is performed for global zonal averages and heights from 10 to 50 km in one km steps. The validation was performed by comparing monthly mean zonal means and by comparing averages over collocated profiles within a zonal band and month. Both approaches yield similar results. For most of the stratosphere SCIAMACHY agrees to within 10 % or better with other correlative data. A systematic bias of SCIAMACHY ozone of up to 100 % between 10 and 20 km in the tropics points to some remaining issues with regard to convective cloud interference. Statistical hypothesis testing reveals at which altitudes and in which region differences between SCIAMACHY and other satellite data are statistically significant. We also estimated linear trends from monthly mean data for different periods where SCIAMACHY has common observations with other satellite data using a classical trend model with QBO and seasonal terms in order to draw conclusions on potential instrumental drifts as a function of latitude and altitude. SCIAMACHY exhibits a statistically significant negative trend in the range of of about 1–3 % per year depending on latitude during the period 2002–2005 (overlapping with HALOE and SAGE II) and somewhat less during 2002–2008 (overlapping with SABER) in the altitude range of 30–40 km, while in the period 2004–2008 (overlapping with MLS and ACE-FTS) no significant trends are observed. The statistically significant negative trends only observed with SCIAMACHY data point at some residual effects from errors in the tangent height registration.
Evaluation of arctic broadband surface radiation measurements
Authors: Matsui N. , Long C. N. , Augustine J. , Halliwell D. , Uttal T. , Longenecker D. , Nievergall O. , Wendell J. , Albee R.
Published: August 2011

Abstract. The Arctic is a challenging environment for making in-situ radiation measurements. A standard suite of radiation sensors is typically designed to measure the total, direct and diffuse components of incoming and outgoing broadband shortwave (SW) and broadband thermal infrared, or longwave (LW) radiation. Enhancements can include various sensors for measuring irradiance in various narrower bandwidths. Many solar radiation/thermal infrared flux sensors utilize protective glass domes and some are mounted on complex mechanical platforms (solar trackers) that rotate sensors and shading devices that track the sun. High quality measurements require striking a balance between locating sensors in a pristine undisturbed location free of artificial blockage (such as buildings and towers) and providing accessibility to allow operators to clean and maintain the instruments. Three significant sources of erroneous data include solar tracker malfunctions, rime/frost/snow deposition on the instruments and operational problems due to limited operator access in extreme weather conditions. In this study, a comparison is made between the global and component sum (direct [vertical component] + diffuse) shortwave measurements. The difference between these two quantities (that theoretically should be zero) is used to illustrate the magnitude and seasonality of radiation flux measurement problems. The problem of rime/frost/snow deposition is investigated in more detail for one case study utilizing both shortwave and longwave measurements. Solutions to these operational problems are proposed that utilize measurement redundancy, more sophisticated heating and ventilation strategies and a more systematic program of operational support and subsequent data quality protocols.
Euthyroid Sick Syndrome and Nutritional Status are Correlated with Hyposelenemia in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Liu Mao-Lin , Xu Gang , Huang Zi-Yan , Zhong Xiao-Chun , Liu Su-Hang , Jiang Ting-Ying
Published: August 2011

Background

Maintenance hemodialysis (HD) patients have altered levels of thyroid hormone (TH) in euthyroid sick syndrome, along with low T3 levels and several nutritional metabolic disturbances. Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for living organisms, which has been shown to play a major role in thyroid hormone levels and the nutritional metabolism. The aims of the present study were to assess the changes in serum levels of selenium and their correlation with disorders of the endocrine and nutritional metabolism in HD patients.

Methods

Fifty-three uremic patients with hemodialysis were evaluated; 30 healthy volunteers served as controls. Baseline serum concentrations of total triiodothyronine (TT3), free triiodothyronine (FT3), total thyroxine (TT4), and free thyroxine (FT4) were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) were measured by a sensitive immunoradiometric assay (IRMA). Serum selenium was analyzed using Hitachi Z- 2000 polarized Zeeman atomic absorption spectrometry. Other metabolic variables were measured in all patients and control subjects. Multiple correlation analysis was performed among variables.

Results

Higher serum triglyceride, LDL-C, ApoB and lower albumin, HDL-C levels were found in subjects with HD. Mean serum selenium concentration was significantly lower in the HD group than in the control group (p<0.01). The levels of serum TT3 and FT3 in HD patients were significantly lower than in healthy control subjects (p<0.01; p<0.05, respectively), but TT4, FT4 and TSH were not different. However, serum iPTH levels were significantly higher in patients than in controls (p<0.01). In the group of HD patients, serum selenium levels were significantly positively correlated with albumin, HDL-C, TT3 and FT3; and negatively correlated with triglyceride (TG), LDL-C, ApoB and iPTH. Both serum TT3 and FT3 levels were significantly positively correlated with HDL-C; and negatively correlated with TG, LDL-C and ApoB.

Conclusions

These data suggest that hyposelenemia in HD patients correlated with euthyroid sick syndrome with low T3 levels, and nutritional status with hyperlipidemia and hypoalbuminemia which might be involved in dysfunction in the endocrine and nutrition metabolism in dialysis patients.
Video Evaluation of the Kinematics and Dynamics of the Beating Cardiac Syncytium: An Alternative to the Langendorff Method
Authors: Fassina Lorenzo , Di Grazia Antonio , Naro Fabio , Monaco Lucia , Cusella De Angelis Maria Gabriella , Magenes Giovanni
Published: August 2011

Many important observations and discoveries in heart physiology have been made possible using the isolated heart method of Langendorff. Nevertheless, the Langendorff method has some limitations and disadvantages such as the vulnerability of the excised heart to contusions and injuries, the probability of preconditioning during instrumentation, the possibility of inducing tissue edema, and high oxidative stress, leading to the deterioration of the contractile function. To avoid these drawbacks associated with the use of a whole heart, we alternatively used beating mouse cardiac syncytia cultured in vitro in order to assess possible ergotropic, chronotropic, and inotropic effects of drugs. To achieve this aim, we developed a method based on image processing analysis to evaluate the kinematics and the dynamics of the drug-stimulated beating syncytia starting from the video recording of their contraction movement. In this manner, in comparison with the physiological no-drug condition, we observed progressive positive ergotropic, positive chronotropic, and positive inotropic effects of 10 μM isoproterenol (β-adrenergic agonist) and early positive ergotropic, negative chronotropic, and positive inotropic effects of 10 μM phenylephrine (α-adrenergic agonist), followed by a late phase with negative ergotropic, positive chronotropic, and negative inotropic trends.

Our method permitted a systematic study of in vitro beating syncytia, producing results consistent with previous works. Consequently, it could be used in in vitro studies of beating cardiac patches, as an alternative to Langendorff's heart in biochemical and pharmacological studies, and especially when the Langendorff technique is inapplicable (e.g., in studies about human cardiac syncytium in physiological and pathological conditions, patient-tailored therapeutics, and syncytium models derived from induced pluripotent/embryonic stem cells with genetic mutations).

Furthermore, the method could be helpful in heart tissue engineering and bioartificial heart research to “engineer the heart piece by piece.” In particular, the proposed method could be useful in the identification of a suitable cell source, in the development and testing of “smart” biomaterials, and in the design and use of novel bioreactors and microperfusion systems.
Interactions of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Neural Progenitors with an Electrospun Nanofibrillar Surface in Vitro
Authors: Rahjouei Ali , Kiani Sahar , Zahabi Azadeh , Mehrjardi Narges Zare , Hashemi Mehrdad , Baharvand Hossein
Published: August 2011

Stem cell technology combined with nano-scaffold surfaces provides a new tool for better induction involved in cell lineage differentiations and therefore for central nervous system repair. This study was undertaken to investigate appropriate neural cell-substrate interactions. Neural progenitors (NPs) were established from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), as a first step, using an adherent system and a defined medium supplemented with a combination of factors. Next, the behavior of hESC-derived NPs (hESC-NPs) was evaluated on a synthetic, randomly oriented, three-dimensional nanofibrillar matrix composed of electrospun polyamide nanofibers (Ultra-Web™) using a variety of experimental approaches. We have demonstrated that homogenous, expandable, and self-renewable NPs can be easily generated from hESCs; they can express related markers Nestin, Sox1, and Pax6; and they can undergo multipotency differentiation to neurons and glials. Functionally, NPs cultured on nanofibers demonstrated an increase in the rate of migration, proliferation, morphology, and neurite length when compared with NPs cultured on two-dimensional culture surfaces. The results suggest that topographical features of the extracellular matrix of the cell environment have paved the way for a better understanding of human neuronal development, thus allowing for future clinical applications.
Divergent Integrals in Elastostatics: General Considerations
Authors: Zozulya V. V.
Published: August 2011

This article considers weakly singular, singular, and hypersingular integrals, which arise when the boundary integral equation methods are used to solve problems in elastostatics. The main equations related to formulation of the boundary integral equation and the boundary element methods in 2D and 3D elastostatics are discussed in details. For their regularization, an approach based on the theory of distribution and the application of the Green theorem has been used. The expressions, which allow an easy calculation of the weakly singular, singular, and hypersingular integrals, have been constructed.
Elder Abuse and Self-neglect
Authors: Mosqueda Laura , Dong XinQi
Published: August 2011

Elder mistreatment encompasses a range of behaviors including emotional, financial, physical, and sexual abuse, neglect by other individuals, and self-neglect. This article discusses the range of elder mistreatment in community-living older adults, associated factors, and consequences. Although self-neglect is not considered a type of abuse in many research definitions, it is the most commonly reported form of elder mistreatment and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The case on which this article is based describes a 70-year-old woman who neglects herself and dies despite multiple contacts with the medical community. Despite significant gaps in research, enough is known to guide clinical practice. This article presents the practical approaches a health care professional can take when a reasonable suspicion of elder mistreatment arises. Public health and interdisciplinary team approaches are needed to manage what is becoming an increasing problem as the number of older adults around the world increases.
No evidence that extended tracts of homozygosity are associated with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Sims Rebecca , Dwyer Sarah , Harold Denise , Gerrish Amy , Hollingworth Paul , Chapman Jade , Jones Nicola , Abraham Richard , Ivanov Dobril , Pahwa Jaspreet Singh , Moskvina Valentina , Dowzell Kimberley , Thomas Charlene , Stretton Alexandra , Lovestone Simon , Powell John , Proitsi Petroula , Lupton Michelle K. , Brayne Carol , Rubinsztein David C. , Gill Michael , Lawlor Brian , Lynch Aoibhinn , Morgan Kevin , Brown Kristelle S. , Passmore Peter A. , Craig David , McGuiness Bernadette , Todd Stephen , Johnston Janet A. , Holmes Clive , Mann David , Smith A. David , Love Seth , Kehoe Patrick G. , Hardy John , Mead Simon , Fox Nick , Rossor Martin , Collinge John , Livingston Gill , Bass Nicholas J. , Gurling Hugh , McQuillin Andrew , Jones Lesley , Holmans Peter A. , O'Donovan Michael , Owen Michael J. , Williams Julie
Published: August 2011

We sought to investigate the contribution of extended runs of homozygosity in a genome‐wide association dataset of 1,955 Alzheimer's disease cases and 955 elderly screened controls genotyped for 529,205 autosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms. Tracts of homozygosity may mark regions inherited from a common ancestor and could reflect disease loci if observed more frequently in cases than controls. We found no excess of homozygous tracts in Alzheimer's disease cases compared to controls and no individual run of homozygosity showed association to Alzheimer's disease. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.