bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Transforming Terpene‐Derived Aldehydes into 1,2‐Epoxides via Asymmetric α‐Chlorination: Subsequent Epoxide Opening with Carbon Nucleophiles.
Authors: Winter Philipp , Swatschek Joerg , Willot Matthieu , Radtke Lea , Olbrisch Tobias , Schaefer Andreas , Christmann Mathias
Published: February 2012

A practical protocol for the conversion of aldehydes (I) into terminal epoxides (II) via an organocatalytic asymmetric enamine chlorination is described.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Direct Asymmetric Synthesis of 3‐Substituted Phthalides.
Authors: Zhang Zhan‐Bin , Lu Yong‐Qin , Duan Xin‐Fang
Published: February 2012

A facile two‐step asymmetric synthesis of target compounds (V) is achieved using L‐proline‐derived amine base (I) as chiral template and magnesiation with iPr‐MgCl.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Oxidative Coupling Reactions via σ‐Iodonium Intermediates: The Efficient Synthesis of Bithiophenes Using Hypervalent Iodine Reagents.
Authors: Morimoto Koji , Nakae Tomofumi , Yamaoka Nobutaka , Dohi Toshifumi , Kita Yasuyuki
Published: February 2012

Direct oxidative dimerization of thiophene derivatives bearing electron‐donating substituents at position 3 and 4 proceeds readily in the presence of a hypervalent iodine reagent (HTIB).
ChemInform Abstract: Thienopyrrolyl Dione End‐Capped Oligothiophene Ambipolar Semiconductors for Thin Film‐ and Light Emitting Transistors.
Authors: Melucci Manuela , Zambianchi Massimo , Favaretto Laura , Gazzano Massimo , Zanelli Alberto , Monari Magda , Capelli Raffaella , Troisi Stefano , Toffanin Stefano , Muccini Michele
Published: February 2012

Target compound (V) is alternatively prepared via Stille coupling of bromo thiophene (I) with 5,5′‐bis(tributylstannyl)‐2,2′‐bithiophene.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Chiral Unsymmetrical Imidazolinium Bromides.
Authors: Yang Longguang , Sun Rui , Zhang Lingqiao , Li Yunfei , Cao Changsheng , Pang Guangsheng , Shi Yanhui
Published: February 2012

A series of the title compounds (VI), precusors of N‐heterocyclic carbenes, is efficiently obtained under mild reaction conditions starting from L‐phenylalanine.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphite‐Mediated Synthesis of Benzimidazoles: A One‐Pot Four‐Component Approach from Nitrophenols.
Authors: El Kaim Lurent , Grimaud Laurence , Purumandla Srinivas Reddy
Published: February 2012

Phosphite‐triggered reductive cyclization of Ugi—Smiles adducts is successfully applied to the synthesis of benzimidazoles (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐(3‐Phenoxyphenyl)‐substituted Benzoxazoles, Based on Nitriles Containing the Diphenyl Oxide Fragment.
Authors: Popov Yu. V. , Korchagina T. K. , Lobasenko V. S.
Published: February 2012

The title compounds are of interest as structural building blocks for the synthesis of compounds possessing potential biological activity.
ChemInform Abstract: New Fluorescent 2‐(5‐Acetoacetyl‐2‐furyl)‐benzazoles (III) with Prochiral Methylene Group Protons
Authors: Aleksandrov A. A. , Elchaninov M. M. , Makarova N. I. , Lukyanov B. S.
Published: February 2012

synthesis and characterization
ChemInform Abstract: Organic Reaction in Water: An Efficient Method for the Synthesis of 1,2,4‐Oxadiazole in Water.
Authors: Kaboudin Babak , Malekzadeh Leila
Published: February 2012

The practical synthesis includes an uncatalyzed reaction of aldomixes with carboxylic anhydrides.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of 2‐(Trifluoromethyl)chromones with Cyanoacetamides, Ethyl Cyanoacetate and Diethyl Malonate. Unexpected Synthesis of Benzo[c]coumarin Derivatives.
Authors: Sosnovskikh Vyacheslav Ya. , Safrygin Alexander V. , Anufriev Viktor A. , Eltsov Oleg S. , Iaroshenko Viktor O.
Published: February 2012

Reaction of chromones (I) with ethyl cyanoacetate or diethyl malonate gives unexpected benzo[c]coumarin derivatives (III) and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Pyridine Synthesis from Oximes and Alkynes via Rhodium(III) Catalysis: Cp* and Cpt Provide Complementary Selectivity.
Authors: Hyster Todd K. , Rovis Tomislav
Published: February 2012

The synthesis of pyridines, e.g. (III)/(IV) from readily available α,β‐unsaturated oximes such as (I) and alkynes (II) under mild conditions using Rh(III) catalysis is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Discovery of a New Class of Glucosylceramide Synthase Inhibitors.
Authors: Richards Steven , et al. et al.
Published: February 2012

A novel series of potent inhibitors of glucosylceramide synthase is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Characterization and Photoluminescent Properties of Quinoline Derivatives Containing Both a Biphenyl Group and an α,β‐Diarylacrylonitrile Unit.
Authors: Li Qian , Xu Zhaozhe , Yu Mingxin , Fan Hong , Li Bogeng
Published: February 2012

The compounds emit blue to green fluorescence in solution and in the solid state under UV irradiation.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of N2‐Substituted 2‐Amino‐4‐aryl‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydroquinoline‐3‐carbonitrile in Basic Ionic Liquid [bmim]OH.
Authors: Wan Yu , Yuan Rui , Zhang Fu‐Ren , Pang Li‐Ling , Ma Rui , Yue Cai‐Hui , Lin Wei , Yin Wei , Bo Rong‐Cheng , Wu Hui
Published: February 2012

This is the first method using low‐activity cyclohexanone as starting material to synthesize the targeted structure.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Series of (S)‐2,7‐Substituted‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline‐3‐carboxylic Acids: Peroxisome Proliferator‐Activated Receptor α/γ Dual Agonists with Protein‐Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Inhibitory Activity.
Authors: Otake Kazuya , Azukizawa Satoru , Fukui Masaki , Shibabayashi Michiko , Kamemoto Hikaru , Miike Tomohiro , Kunishiro Kazuyoshi , Kasai Masayasu , Shirahase Hiroaki
Published: February 2012

Compound (I) is proven to be more efficacious and safer as an antidiabetic drug than rosiglitazone in mice, which may be due to its PTP‐1B inhibitory activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Unsaturated Pyrimidine Carboacyclonucleoside Analogues.
Authors: Krim Jamal , Sillahi Bouchra , Taourirte Moha , Eddarir Said , Engels Joachim W.
Published: February 2012

The members of title series (V) show no antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but some of them exhibit good activity against Enterococcus hirae strains (MIC = 27 μg/ml) and E.
ChemInform Abstract: Biginelli‐Like Cyclocondensation Reaction: Efficient Synthesis of 4,6‐Diarylpyrimidin‐2(1H)‐one under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Dai Yisi , Cao Minxiang , Zhuang Mengjie , Xia Sheng , Tu Shujiang , Rong Liangce
Published: February 2012

A new synthetic access to 4,6‐diarylpyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones (IV) using a Biginelly‐like three‐component reaction is described.
ChemInform Abstract: New 9‐Methyl‐8‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)adenine Derivatives as A1 Adenosine Receptor Antagonists.
Authors: Lambertucci Catia , Buccioni Michela , Cacciari Barbara , Dal Ben Diego , Federico Stephanie , Klotz Karl‐Norbert , Marucci Gabriella , Volpini Rosaria , Spalluto Giampiero , Cristalli Gloria
Published: February 2012

The synthesis of a series of 9‐methyladenines bearing bulky groups at the 8‐position and evaluations of their affinity for the four human adenosine receptor subtypes are presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Effective Promotion of Beirut Reaction by β‐Cyclodextrin in Water.
Authors: Sun Tao , Zhao Wen‐Jing , Hao Ai‐You , Sun Li‐Zhen
Published: February 2012

For the first time the Beirut reaction is carried out under supramolecular catalysis in water as environmentally benign solvent.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of N‐Cyclohexyl‐4‐ [1‐(2,4‐dichlorophenyl)‐1‐(p‐tolyl)methyl]piperazine‐1‐carboxamide as hCB1 Receptor Antagonists.
Authors: Gao Linghuan , Li Min , Meng Tao , Peng Hongli , Xie Xin , Zhang Yongliang , Jin Yu , Wang Xin , Zou Libo , Shen Jingkang
Published: February 2012

Two enantiomers of the most potent racemic compounds in a series of recently discovered benzhydrylpiperazines are prepared using the Davis‐Ellmann‐type sulfonamide chemistry.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem One‐Pot Synthesis of Polysubstituted 1,3‐Thiazine Derivatives.
Authors: Wang Shuliang , Wang Xiang , Tu Mansu , Jiang Bo , Tu Shujiang
Published: February 2012

All products are simply purified by recrystallization.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Anticandidal Activity of New Triazolothiadiazine Derivatives.
Authors: Altintop Mehlika Dilek , Kaplancikli Zafer Asim , Turan‐Zitouni Guelhan , Oezdemir Ahmet , Iscan Goekalp , Akalin Guelsen , Yildirim Safak Ulusoylar
Published: February 2012

From the new triazolothiadiazine derivatives (III), compound (IIId) is found to be the most potent derivative against Candida albicans.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis, and Insecticidal Activity of 1,5‐Diphenyl‐1‐pentanone Analogues.
Authors: Yang Shaoxiang , Kang Tieniu , Rui Changhui , Yang Xinling , Sun Yufeng , Cui Zining , Ling Yun
Published: February 2012

All compounds were tested against Aphis gossypii, Plutella xylostella, and Tetranychus cinnabarinus.
ChemInform Abstract: The Chemistry of Indoles. Part 138. A Novel Synthesis of 3,4,5,6‐Tetrahydro‐7‐hydroxy‐1H‐azepino[5,4,3‐cd]indole Derivatives from Serotonin.
Authors: Yamada Koji , Teranishi Sakiko , Miyashita Ayako , Ishikura Minoru , Somei Masanori
Published: February 2012

Novel substituted serotonins (IV) are used for the synthesis of similarly new azepino[5,4,3‐cd]indoles (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Furan Ring Opening—Pyrrole Ring Closure: A New Route to Pyrrolo[1,2‐d][1,4]benzodiazepin‐6‐ones.
Authors: Nevolina Tatyana A. , Shcherbinin Vitaly A. , Serdyuk Olga V. , Butin Alexander V.
Published: February 2012

The synthesis of title compounds (V) is based on the catalyzed recyclization of substrates (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine Derivatives.
Authors: El‐Shaieb Kamal M. , Hassan Alaa A. , Abdel‐Aal Amal S.
Published: February 2012

A simple and convenient one‐pot method for the synthesis of the title compounds (III) (8 examples) is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Discovery of Histone Deacetylase 8 Selective Inhibitors.
Authors: Tang Weiping , Luo Tuoping , Greenberg Edward F. , Bradner James E. , Schreiber Stuart L.
Published: February 2012

A library of small molecule inhibitors of histone deacetylase is prepared by coupling of macrocyclic aldehydes such as (VII) with bifunctional hydrazide reagents.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron Trichloride Promoted Hydrolysis of Potassium Organotrifluoroborates.
Authors: Blevins David W. , Yao Min‐Liang , Yong Li , Kabalka George W.
Published: February 2012

The reaction is effective for aryl‐, alkenyl, and alkylsubstrates.
ChemInform Abstract: Sodium in Liquid Ammonia — A Versatile Tool in Modifications of Arylphosphine Oxides.
Authors: Stankevic Marek , Wlodarczyk Adam , Jaklinska Magdalena , Parcheta Renata , Pietrusiewicz K. Michal
Published: February 2012

The reaction of tertiary arylphosphine oxides with sodium in liquid ammonia is strongly influenced by the substrate structure.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antioxidant Activity of Substituted‐1,3,2‐diazaphosphole 1‐Oxides.
Authors: Naidu Kalla Reddi Mohan , Rao Pasupuleti Visweswara , Raju Chamarthi Naga , Srinivasulu Kambam
Published: February 2012

The title compounds (III), (V) and (VII) exhibit moderate antioxidant properties compared to vitamin C.
ChemInform Abstract: Sesquiterpene Lactones from Inula falconeri, a Plant Endemic to the Himalayas, as Potential Antiinflammatory Agents.
Authors: Jin Huizi , et al. et al.
Published: February 2012

[isolation, structural elucidation, antiinflammatory evaluation and structure—activity relationships of ten new sesquiterpenoids [e.g. (I)—(VI)] and twenty six known sesquiterpene lactones].
ChemInform Abstract: Myrseguinosides A—E, Five New Glycosides from the Fruits of Myrsine seguinii.
Authors: Matsunami Katsuyoshi , Otsuka Hideaki , Takeda Yoshio
Published: February 2012

Five new glycosides named myrseguinosides A—E (I)‐(IV) are isolated from the butanol‐soluble fraction of the dried fruits of Myrsine seguinii together with eight known compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Halioxepine, a New Meroditerpene from an Indonesian Sponge Haliclona sp.
Authors: Trianto Agus , Hermawan Idam , de Voogd Nicole Joy , Tanaka Junichi
Published: February 2012

The new meroditerpene named halioxepine (I) shows moderate cytotoxicity against NBT‐T2 cells and also antioxidant activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Dyscusins A—C, Three New Steroids from the Leaves of Dysoxylum cumingianum.
Authors: Kurimoto Shin‐ichiro , Kashiwada Yoshiki , Morris‐Natschke Susan Lynne , Lee Kuo‐Hsiung , Takaishi Yoshihisa
Published: February 2012

Three new steroids named dyscusins A (III), B (I), and C (II) are isolated from the leaves of Dysoxylum cumingianum together with two known steroids.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Cascade Sequence to Indoloquinolizidines and Its Application in the Synthesis of epi‐Geissochizol.
Authors: Wu Xiaoyu , Zhang Yao , Dai Xiaoyang , Fang Huihui , Chen Jie , Cao Weiguo , Zhao Gang
Published: February 2012

Michael addition of the tethered indole (I) to unsaturated aldehydes followed by Pictet—Spengler reaction yields indolo[2,3‐a]quinolizidine intermediates which are reductively converted to products (III) or (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 10‐Hydroxycamptothecin: Evaluation of New Moderators for the Chemoselective Reduction of Camptothecin.
Authors: Sekhar N. M. , Anjaneyulu Yerramilli , Acharyulu Palle V. R.
Published: February 2012

Camptothecin was isolated from south‐east Asian trees.
ChemInform Abstract: Halichonines A, B, and C, Novel Sesquiterpene Alkaloids from the Marine Sponge Halichondria okadai Kadota.
Authors: Suenaga Kiyotake , et al. et al.
Published: February 2012

The title compounds (I) and (II) show inhibitory activities against the growth of the mammalian cancer cell lines L1210 and PC13, and halichonine B (Ib) reveals to induce apoptosis in HL60 cells.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antiviral Evaluation of the 2′‐C‐Methyl Branched Derivative of a Nucleoside Analogue Inhibitor of RNA Viral Infections, T‐1106.
Authors: Pierra Claire , Counor Clement , Storer Richard , Gosselin Gilles
Published: February 2012

Both the new title compound (IV) and its α‐anomer (V) exhibit neither significant antiviral activity nor cytotoxicity.
ChemInform Abstract: Exploiting the Lipoic Acid Structure in the Search for Novel Multitarget Ligands Against Alzheimer′s Disease.
Authors: Rosini Michela , Simoni Elena , Bartolini Manuela , Tarozzi Andrea , Matera Riccardo , Milelli Andrea , Hrelia Patrizia , Andrisano Vincenza , Bolognesi Maria Laura , Melchiorre Carlo
Published: February 2012

The multimodal effective compound (I) inhibits the anticholinesterase (AChE) activity in a submicromolar range and shows a significant reduction of AChE‐induced anti‐aggregating efficacy without a cytotoxicity in neuronal‐like cells SH‐SY5Y up to the highest concentration of 50 μM.
ChemInform Abstract: Spirocyclic Acylphloroglucinol Derivatives from Hypericum beanii
Authors: Xu Gang , et al. et al.
Published: February 2012

isolation, structure elucidation and cytotoxicity of the four new acylphloroglucinols, hyperbeanols A—D, (I) and (II)
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Tricyclic Inhibitors of IKK2: Discovery and SAR Leading to the Identification of 2‐Methoxy‐N‐((6‐(1‐methyl‐4‐(methylamino)‐1,6‐dihydroimidazo [4,5‐d]pyrrolo[2,3‐b]pyridin‐7‐yl)pyridin‐2‐yl)methyl)acetamide (BMS‐066).
Authors: Watterson Scott H. , et al. et al.
Published: February 2012

The title compound (I) demonstrates high in vitro potency, acceptable pharmacokinetic and physicochemical properties.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress of Superconducting Magnet Technology in China
Authors: Yan Luguang
Published: February 2012

Review: 13 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ion Translocation in Artificial Molecule‐Based Systems Induced by Light, Electrons, or Chemicals
Authors: Bofinger Robin , Ducrot Aurelien , Jonusauskaite Laura , McClenaghan Nathan D. , Pozzo Jean‐Luc , Sevez Guillaume , Vives Guillaume
Published: February 2012

Review: 84 ref.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions in “Sacrificial” Solvents
Authors: Mallat Tamas , Baiker Alfons
Published: February 2012

Review: 233 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Architecturally Well‐Defined Nanogels via RAFT Polymerization for Potential Bioapplications
Authors: An Zesheng , Qiu Qian , Liu Guangyao
Published: February 2012

Review: 184 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Acyclic Stereocontrol
Authors: O'Brien Alexander G.
Published: February 2012

Review: 113 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress in the Use of N‐Halo Compounds in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Veisi Hojat , Ghorbani‐Vaghei Ramin , Zolfigol Mohamad Ali
Published: February 2012

Review: use of N‐halo compounds as halogenating agents, in protection/deprotection chemistry, as oxidizing agents, in rearrangements and functional group transformations, in the formation of heterocyclic compounds and as catalysts; 174 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Progress in the Synthesis of Iboga‐alkaloids and Their Congeners
Authors: Jana Goutam Kumar , Paul Sibasish , Sinha Surajit
Published: February 2012

Review: 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Arylation
Authors: Tian Ping , Dong Han‐Qing , Lin Guo‐Qiang
Published: February 2012

Review: 261 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Synthesis of Complex Molecules Using Nanoparticle Catalysis
Authors: Cong Huan , Porco John A.
Published: February 2012

Review: 60 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Cyclopalladated Compounds: New Structures, Methodologies and Applications. A Personal Account
Authors: Dunina Valery V.
Published: February 2012

Review: 202 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Assembly of Trisubstituted Oxazoles
Authors: Turner Charles Dylan , Liang Huan Steven
Published: February 2012

Review: 200 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: 20 Years of DNA‐Encoded Chemical Libraries
Authors: Mannocci Luca , Leimbacher Markus , Wichert Moreno , Scheuermann Joerg , Neri Dario
Published: February 2012

Review: 59 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Design Strategy for Drug‐Like Polyheterocycles with Privileged Substructures for Discovery of Specific Small‐Molecule Modulators
Authors: Oh Sangmi , Park Seung Bum
Published: February 2012

Review: 37 refs.
Groundwater Storage through Rain Water Harvesting (RWH)
Authors: Jebamalar Abraham , Ravikumar Govindasamy , Meiyappan Gangadharan
Published: February 2012

Groundwater extraction is rampant in many developing countries and urban areas whereas the natural recharge is decreasing due to covering of Earth's surface for various developmental activities. This leads to declining levels of groundwater and deterioration in groundwater quality. Artificial recharge with rain water harvesting techniques offers an excellent scope to arrest this degradation. This paper presents a study that analyzes the influence of rain water harvesting (RWH) on groundwater storage and quality. Chennai City, India is selected as study area, as major RWH implementation has taken place during 2002–2003 due to Government legislation. Preliminary analysis of groundwater levels were done spatially and temporally. Groundwater table contours were drawn using the GIS software for pre‐ (1999–2000) and post‐RWH (2009–2010) periods. The groundwater levels follow a decreasing trend before implementation of RWH where as a positive increasing trend takes place after construction of RWH structures. “Groundwater Estimation Committee (GEC)” norms of Government of India were used to estimate the change in storage during pre‐ and post‐RWH periods, which are found to be 1.76 × 106 and 32.77 × 106 m3, respectively. The results show that the implementation of RWH has increased the groundwater storage considerably. Also, the influence of RWH on groundwater quality is found to be encouraging in some parts of the studied area.
A Novel Approach to the Simulation of Electrochemical Mechanisms Involving Acute Reaction Fronts at Disk and Band Microelectrodes
Authors: Klymenko Oleksiy V. , Svir Irina , Oleinick Alexander , Amatore Christian
Published: February 2012

A new simulation algorithm is presented for describing the dynamics of diffusion reactions at the most common microelectrode 1D (planar, cylindrical, spherical) and 2D geometries (band, disk) for electrochemical mechanisms of any complexity and involving fast homogeneous reactions of any kind. A series of typical electrochemical mechanisms that create the most severe simulation difficulties is used to establish the exceptional performance and accuracy of this algorithm, which stem from the combination of (quasi)conformal transformation of space and a new method for auto‐adaptive grid compression.
The Peculiar Nature of Molecular Interactions between an Imidazolium Ionic Liquid and Acetone
Authors: Kiefer Johannes , Molina Marta Martinez , Noack Kristina
Published: February 2012

We present novel insights into the molecular interactions between polar solvents and imidazolium ionic liquids using the example of 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium ethyl sulfate and acetone. Recently published volumetric property data of this particular system have revealed peculiarities which could not be fully explained by steric effects. In order to shed light on the behavior at a molecular level, we apply IR spectroscopy and analyze solvent‐induced line shifts as well as the excess IR spectra. From the spectroscopic results a conclusive picture of the site‐specific molecular interactions is developed and our explanation is in concert with the volumetric effects. The data suggest the initial formation of trimers in which acetone interacts with existing ion pairs through interactions of the acetone oxygen atom with the imidazolium ring rather than forming directed hydrogen bonds at the CH moieties. With further addition of acetone, tetramers are formed which significantly weaken the interionic interactions and eventually initiate ion pair dissociation. Once the ions are released, the anion is rapidly saturated with acetone while the cation solvation proceeds more slowly with acetone addition.
Evidence for Two‐Photon Absorption‐Induced ESIPT of Chromophores Containing Hydroxyl and Imino Groups
Authors: Gao Fang , Ye Xiaojuan , Li Hongru , Zhong Xiaolin , Wang Qi
Published: February 2012

This paper presents experimental and theoretical investigations into excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) in new chromophores with hydroxyl and imino groups under one‐ and two‐photon excitation. The results show that internal hydrogen bonding exhibits a remarkable influence on the maximum absorption wavelength of 2‐[(4′‐N,N‐diethylaminodiphenylethylene‐4‐ylimino)methyl]phenol (C1) and 2‐[(4′‐methoxyl‐diphenylethylene‐4‐ylimino)methyl]phenol (C3). Compounds C1 and C3 exhibit well‐separated dual fluorescence emission bands under one‐ and two‐photon excitation. The second fluorescence peaks of C1 and C3 are characterized by much larger Stokes shift than the first normal peaks (ca. 140 vs. 30 nm). 4‐[(4′‐N,N‐Diethylaminodiphenylethylene‐4‐ylimino)methyl]phenol (C2) and 4‐[(4′‐methoxyldiphenylethylene‐4‐ylimino)methyl]phenol (C4) display single emission bands with small Stokes shifts (ca. 30 nm) in various solvents under one‐ and two‐photon excitation. Furthermore, the first emission maxima of C1 and C3 are almost identical to the maximum fluorescence emission wavelengths of C2 and C4, respectively. These results show that C1 and C3 can undergo ESIPT via a reasonable six‐membered ring, while there is no ESIPT in C2 and C4 under one‐ and two‐photon excitation. Compounds C1 and C2 have larger two‐photon absorption cross‐sections under various near‐infrared laser frequencies tuned from 700 to 880 nm. Molecular geometry optimization of the phototautomers (enol and keto) was performed to analyze the experimental results. The possibility of using these chromophores for metal ions as chemosensors of was thoroughly investigated. In DMF C3 exhibits excellent sensing responses to Zn2+ and Fe3+ ions through a greatly increased greatly and a largely reduced emission, respectively. In methanol disappearance of ESIPT emission with added Zn2+ ions confirms its existence. The binding constants of C3 with Zn2+ and Fe3+ ions in DMF are also estimated.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of IPT Versus CBT in Primary Care: With Some Cautionary Notes About Handling Missing Values in Clinical Trials
Authors: Power Michael J. , Freeman C.
Published: February 2012

A randomized controlled trial is reported in which three treatments were compared for the management of depression in Primary Care. The treatments were Treatment As Usual (TAU) carried out by the General Practitioners, Cognitive‐Behaviour Therapy (CBT) or Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT). Measurements of depressive symptomatology were taken at Baseline (Time1), at end of treatment (Time2), and at 5‐month follow‐up (Time3). An initial analysis of the longitudinal data revealed that there were a significant number of missing values, especially in the Time3 follow‐up for the TAU group. That is, the missing data were not missing at random within the dataset, which is one of the considerations for usual procedures for replacement of missing values (RMV). The paper presents, therefore, the outcome of different approaches to RMV and their consequences for conclusions about the relative efficacy of the treatment conditions. The results showed that clients in all conditions improved significantly, with at least some analyses showing superiority of IPT and CBT at end of treatment Time 2. However, by the follow‐up clients in all conditions performed equally well. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of tree‐based multicast routing in wireless sensor networks with varying network metrics
Authors: Bala Krishna M. , Doja M.N.
Published: February 2012

Wireless ad hoc and sensor networks are emerging with advances in electronic device technology, wireless communications and mobile computing with flexible and adaptable features. Routing protocols act as an interface between the lower and higher layers of the network protocol stack. Depending on the size of target nodes, routing techniques are classified into unicast, multicast and broadcast protocols. In this article, we give analysis and performance evaluation of tree‐based multicast routing in wireless sensor networks with varying network metrics. Geographic multicast routing (GMR) and its variations are used extensively in sensor networks. Multicast routing protocols considered in the analytical model are GMR, distributed GMR, demand scalable GMR, hierarchical GMR, destination clustering GMR and sink‐initiated GMR. Simulations are given with comparative analysis based on varying network metrics such as multicast group size, number of sink nodes, average multicast latency, number of clusters, packet delivery ratio, energy cost ratio and link failure rate. Analytical results indicate that wireless sensor network multicast routing protocols operate on the node structure (such as hierarchical, clustered, distributed, dense and sparse networks) and application specific parameters. Simulations indicate that hierarchical GMR is used for generic multicast applications and that destination clustering GMR and demand scalable GMR are used for distributed multicast applications. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Study of Base Frequency in Spanish Skilled and Reading‐Disabled Children: All Children Benefit from Morphological Processing in Defining Complex Pseudowords
Authors: Lázaro Miguel
Published: February 2012

In this study, the base frequency (BF) effect is explored in reading‐disabled and skilled readers of Spanish. A pseudoword definition task was completed by two groups of children. The pseudowords were composed from existing stems and affixes. The results show a facilitatory BF effect, suggesting that all children benefited from this aspect of morphology. A significant effect of group was also observed, showing that skilled readers scored better than reading‐disabled children. The interaction between these variables was not significant. The overall pattern of data suggests that all children benefited from morphological processing to perform the definition task but that phonological difficulties in reading‐disabled children prevented them from benefitting from the BF effect as much as their skilled peers. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Binuclear Copper Complexes and Their Catalytic Evaluation
Authors: Das Raj K. , Sarkar Mithun , Wahidur Rahaman S. M. , Doucet Henri , Bera Jitendra K.
Published: February 2012

Two binuclear copper complexes [{CuI(L1)}2][OTf]2 (1) and [{CuII(L2)Cl}2] (2) have been synthesized and structurally characterized. The reaction of [{(5,7‐dimethyl‐1,8‐naphthyridin‐2‐yl)amino}carbonyl]ferrocene (L1) with [Cu(CH3CN)4][OTf] in dichloromethane afforded complex 1 in high yield and the dicopper(II) complex 2 was obtained by the overnight treatment of N‐(5,7‐dimethyl‐1,8‐naphthyridin‐2‐yl)‐1‐methylpyrrolidine‐2‐carboxamide (L2H) with [Cu(CH3CN)4][BF4] in dichloromethane. The two copper atoms in complex 1 are bridged by two L1 ligands in a trans disposition; the naphthyridine nitrogen atoms bridge two copper centers and the carbonyl oxygen atoms occupy sites trans to the Cu···Cu vector. The metal···metal distance is 2.4594(6) Å. In contrast, in complex 2, each of the two L2 ligands bind to the two copper atoms through one naphthyridine nitrogen, a deprotonated amide, and a proline nitrogen atom to form an open‐book geometry. Both dicopper complexes have been shown to be excellent catalysts for the cyclopropanation of various olefins with ethyl diazoacetate (EDA), with catalyst 1 found to be marginally superior to 2.
Synthesis of Benzothiazoles through Copper‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Three‐Component Reactions with Use of Sodium Hydrosulfide as a Sulfur Surrogate
Authors: Park Namjin , Heo Yumi , Kumar Manian Rajesh , Kim Yong , Song Kwang Ho , Lee Sunwoo
Published: February 2012

Copper‐catalyzed one‐pot three‐component reactions of 2‐iodoanilines, aldehydes, and NaSH·n H2O afford benzothiazoles in good yields. When CuCl was employed as a catalyst in the absence of a ligand, a variety of aromatic aldehydes and substituted 2‐iodoanilines reacted with NaSH·n H2O to produce the corresponding 2‐arylbenzothiazoles in 70–98 % yields. The copper catalyst plays a key role in C–S bond formation between NaSH·n H2O and the aryl iodide that was formed from the condensation of 2‐iodoaniline and aldehyde. It was found that NaSH·n H2O functions as a sulfur surrogate and oxidant in the formation of benzothiazole.
Assessing variance components of general circulation model output fields
Authors: Furrer Reinhard , Geinitz Steven , Sain Stephan R.
Published: February 2012

Recent internationally coordinated efforts have used deterministic climate models for a common set of experiments and have produced large datasets of future climate projections. These ensembles are subject to many sources of variability, and we propose an analysis of variance procedure to quantify the contribution from several sources to the overall variation. This procedure is based on a Bayesian linear model parameterization and is applicable for large spatial data. A key feature is that individual sources of variability are modeled through batches and assessed through the batches’ superpopulation variance, individual batch‐level predictions, and finite population covariance. Further, for a large class of models, we show that the full posterior can be factored into conditionally independent distributions, consisting of a batch's superpopulation and batch levels. By doing so, we obviate the need for Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. Finally, this approach is applied to decadal summer temperatures for different climate models and various scenarios. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A joint recovery algorithm for distributed compressed sensing
Authors: Xu Wenbo , Lin Jiaru , Niu Kai , He Zhiqiang
Published: February 2012

Distributed compressed sensing exploits the correlation among multiple signals to reduce the number of measurements required for recovery. In this paper, we propose a recovery algorithm for a type of joint sparsity model, where all signals share a common sparse component and each individual signal contains a sparse innovation component. Our approach iteratively removes the information of each component from the measurements and then performs sparse recovery. We provide analytical analysis to verify the advantage of the proposed algorithm over separate recovery, which is also confirmed by simulation results. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Both inhibition and enhanced expression of miR‐31 lead to reduced migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells
Authors: Laurila Eeva M. , Sandström Saana , Rantanen Laura M. , Autio Reija , Kallioniemi Anne
Published: February 2012

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short single‐stranded RNA molecules that have a critical role in the regulation of gene expression. Alterations in miRNA expression levels have been observed in multiple tumor types and there is clear evidence on their active involvement in cancer development. Here, a comprehensive miRNA expression profiling in 16 pancreatic cancer cell lines and four normal pancreatic samples provided a specific molecular signature for pancreatic cancer and enabled us to identify 72 differentially expressed miRNAs with approximately half of them being up‐ and half downregulated in cancer cells as compared with normal samples. Of these, miR‐31 was selected for further functional analyses based on its interesting “on‐off” type expression profile, i.e., very low or even absent expression in normal pancreas and in six of the pancreatic cancer samples but extremely high expression in the remaining 10 cell lines. Quite unexpectedly, both the inhibition of miR‐31 in AsPC‐1 and HPAF‐II pancreatic cancer cells with high endogenous expression and forced expression of miR‐31 in MIA PaCa‐2 with low endogenous levels led to reduced cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. More importantly, in AsPC‐1 cells further enhancement of miR‐31 also resulted in reduced cell migration and invasion, implicating that the level of miR‐31 is critical for these phenotypes. This study highlights a specific miRNA expression pattern in pancreatic cancer and reveals that manipulation of miR‐31 expression leads to reduced cell migration and invasion in pancreatic cancer. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Design and Synthesis of Some Novel 2,3,4,5‐Tetrahydro‐1H‐pyrido[4,3‐b]indoles as Potential c‐Met Inhibitors
Authors: Ye Lianbao , Tian Yuanxin , Li Zhonghuang , Zhang Jiajie , Wu Shuguang
Published: February 2012

Since deregulation of the tyrosine‐kinase receptor c‐Met is implicated in several human cancers and is an attractive target for small‐molecule‐drug discovery, we report herein the synthesis of 2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐8‐[1‐(quinolin‐6‐ylmethyl)‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazolo[4,5‐b]pyrazin‐6‐yl]‐1H‐pyrido[4,3‐b]indoles 4a–4c and 2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐8‐[3‐(quinolin‐6‐ylmethyl)‐1,2,4‐triazolo[4,3‐b]pyridazin‐6‐yl]‐1H‐pyrido[4,3‐b]indoles 5a–5c. These indole derivatives demonstrated inhibition of c‐Met kinase activity. Concurrently, five key intermediates were synthesized. These compounds could be prepared in good yields.
Isocyanide‐Based Three‐Component Synthesis of Highly Substituted 1,6‐Dihydro‐6,6‐dimethylpyrazine‐2,3‐dicarbonitrile, 3,4‐Dihydrobenzo[g]quinoxalin‐2‐amine, and 3,4‐Dihydro‐3,3‐dimethyl‐quinoxalin‐2‐amine Derivatives
Authors: Shaabani Ahmad , Hajishaabanha Fatemeh , Mofakham Hamid , Mahyari Mojtaba , Lali Bagher
Published: February 2012

A novel and efficient isocyanide‐based multicomponent reaction between alkyl or aryl isocyanides 1, 2,3‐diaminomaleonitrile (2), naphthalene‐2,3‐diamines (6) or benzene‐1,2‐diamine (9), and 3‐oxopentanedioic acid (3) or Meldrum's acid (4) or ketones 7 was developed for the ecologic synthesis, at room temperature under mild conditions, of 1,6‐dihydropyrazine‐2,3‐dicarbonitriles 5a–5f in H2O without using any catalyst, and of 3,4‐dihydrobenzo[g]quinoxalin‐2‐amine and 3,4‐dihydro‐3,3‐dimethyl‐quinoxalin‐2‐amine derivatives 8a–8g and 10a–10e, respectively, in the presence of a catalytic amount of p‐toluenesulfonic acid (TsOH) in EtOH, in good to excellent yields (Scheme 1).
Three New ent‐Kaurane Diterpenoids from Siegesbeckia pubescens
Authors: Liu Jia , Feng Lin , Li Hai‐Dao , Dong Qing‐Li , Chen Rong
Published: February 2012

Three new ent‐kaurane glucopyranosides, 2‐O‐[β‐D‐apiofuranosyl‐(1→3)‐2‐O‐isovaleryl‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl]‐4‐epi‐atractyligenin (1), 2‐O‐[β‐D‐apiofuranosyl‐(1→3)‐2‐O‐isovaleryl‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl]atractyligenin (2), and 2‐O‐[β‐D‐apiofuranosyl‐(1→3)‐2‐O‐(3‐methylpentanoyl)‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl]‐4‐epi‐atractyligenin (3), along with 2‐O‐(2‐O‐isovaleryl‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl)‐4‐epi‐atractyligenin (4), were isolated for the first time from the aerial parts of Siegesbeckia pubescens. The structures were established by extensive spectroscopic analyses including 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR (HSQC, HMBC, and ROESY), and HR‐ESI‐MS, and by comparison with published data.
Two New Pentacyclic Triterpenoids from Centella asiatica
Authors: Weng Xiao‐Xiang , Zhang Jing , Gao Wen , Cheng Liang , Shao Yan , Kong De‐Yun
Published: February 2012

Two new pentacyclic triterpenoids, named centelloside D (1) and centelloside E (9), together with the seven known compounds 2–8, were isolated from the whole plants of Centella asiatica. Compound 5 was reported for the first time from this genus. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectral analysis, including 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR, and HR‐MS experiments, and by comparison with literature data. Compounds 1–4, 6, and 8 did not show any cytotoxicity against L929 (mouse embryonic fibroblast).
Lignans from Phryma leptostachya L.
Authors: Chen Chunmei , Zhu Hucheng , Zhao De , Deng Jun
Published: February 2012

Three new lignans, haedoxan J (1), phrymarolin III (2), and phrymarolin IV (3), as well as eight known lignans, leptostachyol acetate, haedoxan A, 1‐(4,6‐dimethoxy‐1,3‐benzodioxol‐5‐yl)dihydro‐4‐(6‐methoxy‐1,3‐benzodioxol‐5‐yl)‐1H,3H‐furo[3,4‐c]furan‐3a(4H)‐yl acetate, 4‐(4,6‐dimethoxy‐1,3‐benzodioxol‐5‐yl)dihydro‐1‐(4‐methoxy‐1,3‐benzodioxol‐5‐yl)‐1H,3H‐furo[3,4‐c]furan‐3a(4H)‐yl acetate, 4‐[(4,6‐dimethoxy‐1,3‐benzodioxol‐5‐yl)oxy]dihydro‐1‐(6‐methoxy‐1,3‐benzodioxol‐5‐yl)‐1H,3H‐furo[3,4‐c]furan‐3a(4H)‐yl acetate, leptostachyol acetate C, 4‐(4,6‐dimethoxy‐1,3‐benzodioxol‐5‐yl)dihydro‐1‐(6‐methoxy‐1,3‐benzodioxol‐5‐yl)‐1H,3H‐furo[3,4‐c]furan‐3a(4H)‐yl acetate, and phrymarin II, were isolated from the plant Phryma leptostachya L. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by analyzing their spectroscopic data and comparing with data reported in the literature.
Triterpenoids from Melia toosendan
Authors: Dong Shi‐Hui , He Xiu‐Feng , Dong Lei , Wu Yan , Yue Jian‐Min
Published: February 2012

Eleven new triterpenoids, named mesendanins K–U (1–11, resp.), together with seven known analogs, were isolated from the leaves and twigs of Melia toosendan. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis.
Microcounseling and Imitation Learning: A Behavioral Approach to Counselor Education
Authors: BELLUCCI JoANN ELIZABETH
Published: February 2012

This article describes the counselor educator as a model who can combine positive reinforcement techniques, imitative learning, and microcounseling skills to shape student‐counselor development. Pertinent research and theory are reviewed.
Generalization of Microcounseling Skills from Training Period to Actual Counseling Setting
Authors: GUTTMAN M. A. JULIUS , HAASE RICHARD F.
Published: February 2012

This study attempted to measure the generalization of the counseling skills learned via the microcounseling paradigm to the actual counseling setting. Twenty practicum counselors were assigned to two groups: (a) experimental group, training focused on the microcounseling skills of attending behavior, reflection of feeling, and summarization of feeling and (b) control group, no training. Measurements of the microcounseling skills were obtained at four intervals: (1) pretraining, (2) posttraining, (3) counseling session I, and (4) counseling session II. Results indicated that experimental subjects evidenced greater learning and retention of skills in reflection of feeling and summarization of feeling. There were no significant differences between subjects on attending behavior skills. Results are discussed with implications for training counselors via the microcounseling paradigm.
Microcounseling and Media Therapy: State of the Art
Authors: IVEY ALLEN E.
Published: February 2012

Microcounseling and media therapy are video methods of teaching single behavioral skills of counseling and communication to a wide variety of populations ranging from children to school counselors to psychiatric patients. The history and method of these techniques are detailed and recent research on the effectiveness is summarized. Intentionality is presented as a construct in which the behavioral skills approach may be integrated more closely with an existentially oriented view of man.
Effects of Immediate Reinforcement and Awareness of Response on Beginning Counselor Behavior
Authors: DOWD E. THOMAS , BLOCHER DONALD H.
Published: February 2012

This investigation studied the effects of immediate reinforcement and awareness of response class on the acquisition of a complex counselor behavior by beginning counselors. Sixteen counselors conducted seven interviews each in a naturalistic setting, and their emission of confrontive relationship statements was studied. The data indicated that a combination of awareness and reinforcement was more effective in increasing the emission of target statements than either variable alone. Taken separately, the two variables were of approximately equal effectiveness. Implications for counselor education and for the learning without awareness controversy are discussed.
Counselor Training for Facultative Human Relationships
Authors: LEE SHAPIRO JERROLD , GUST TIM
Published: February 2012

This study evaluated the effects of the first stage (prepracticum) of a three‐stage counselor training practicum designed to merge cognitive and experiential learning in a systematic manner using professional trainers. Results indicated positive changes in counselors in training who exhibited increases in facultative behaviors associated with positive client outcomes.
Basic Interaction Behaviors: A Microcounseling Approach for Introductory Courses
Authors: SALTMARSH ROBERT E. , HUBELE GLEN E.
Published: February 2012

Three brief instructional programs for beginning counselors are described. Each program is for the purpose of inducing entry‐level social skills that support effective counseling interaction. Design of microcounseling activities for a class‐size group is detailed. Pilot data and experimental data are presented demonstrating gains in observable learner behaviors. Implications for a competency‐based counselor education format are discussed.
Relationship Orientation, Is It Unique to Counselors?
Authors: GUTTMAN MARY A. JULIUS
Published: February 2012

One hundred and twenty educators, characterized by three different professional affiliations (counselors, teachers, and administrators) and two levels of experience (experienced and inexperienced), were examined on their degree of relationship orientation, using the Wisconsin Counselor Education Selection Interview (WCESI) as the criterion instrument. Results indicated that (a) counselors were more relationship‐oriented than teachers or administrators, (b) teachers were more relationship‐oriented than administrators, and (c) inexperienced educators were more relationship‐oriented than experienced educators. Implications for counselor education training and selection procedures are discussed.
The School Counselor: Marginal Man
Authors: DEY GLEN R. , COLLISON BROOKE B.
Published: February 2012

A concept from anthropology, that of marginal man, is explored in its implications for explaining and establishing counselor identity as well as for enhancing counselor effectiveness. The more common approach to a definition of counselor role—that of a centrally located, function‐oriented description—is suggested as an inadequate model for effective counselor functioning. The concept of marginal man is discussed through various sources within the professional literature. It is suggested that counselor education should examine the proposed marginal man counselor model in order to develop appropriate training strategies.
Relationship between Standardized Admissions Variables and Certain Interpersonal Skills
Authors: HURST MICHAEL W. , SHATKIN STEPHEN D.
Published: February 2012

Most research on admissions criteria has shown that academic admissions variables are generally not related to counseling skills before, during, or after training. On the other hand, substantial research has demonstrated a good predictive relationship between some nonintellective variables and counseling skills and performance. An admissions model was developed in the Department of Counselor Education at Boston University that included standardized intellective and nonintellective variables. The admissions “scores” of three groups of subjects were tested against levels of performance on a tape‐test of three counseling skills. It was found that linear combinations of grade point average, quality of undergraduate college, major area of study, and recommendations and work experience were generally unrelated to pre‐ or posttraining ratings of empathy, respect, and genuineness. New variables based on Carkhuff's Counseling Simulation Inventory were added to the admissions equation and significantly raised the predictive power of the admissions score. Implications and further research are discussed.
Supervisory and Counseling Process: A Comparative Study
Authors: LAMBERT MICHAEL J.
Published: February 2012

This study compared the process of supervision with that of counseling by examining the behavior of five professional therapists in both situations. Counselors recorded their counseling sessions with 10 clients and their supervisory sessions with 10 trainees. A total of 180 three‐minute samples were selected for study. The level of facultative conditions (empathy, respect, genuineness, and specificity) was assessed. The Hill Interaction Matrix was also used to compare the verbal interactions in both counseling and supervising situations. Results indicated that the level of respect and genuineness were equal in the two situations. Contrary to the assumptions made by researchers in the area, the levels of empathy and specificity were significantly lower in supervision than in counseling. When interactions were rated with the Hill Matrix, supervision was significantly less therapeutic than was counseling. The differences found were discussed in terms of their implications for the teaching and learning of psychotherapy, as it related to both the theoretical literature and in terms of its effect on trainees and clients.
Some Impressions of Competency‐Based Training Programs
Authors: KENNEDY DANIEL A.
Published: February 2012

This article presents some impressions gained after two years of involvement in a competency‐based training program in the pupil personnel services area, and it raises questions concerning the major features of such programs. The article includes discussion of program goals, the instructional process, assessment of student progress, and student attitudes. The danger of competency‐based training becoming another fad in education is considered, and possible causes of this are noted.
Knowledge of the Physical Dimensions of Human Life
Authors: ASPY DAVID N.
Published: February 2012

This article presents a broad view of our current understanding of the influences of physical health on counseling interaction. Although research studies relating physiology and assessments of physical functioning to the helping process appear to be limited in number and scattered among related disciplines, it is hoped that counselor educators and supervisors, by opening their own awareness to the exciting work being done in the related helping fields, can begin to encourage counselors' productive inquiry into the new technologies for assessing the physiological dimensions of helping.