bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: Beyond Diabetes—What the Neurosurgeon Needs to Know
Authors: Abdulrazeq Hael , Taman Mazen , Ali Rohaid , Doberstein Cody , Sullivan Patricia , Sampath Prakash , Telfeian Albert , Gokaslan Ziya , Fridley Jared , Asaad Wael
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have gained increasing popularity since the approval of semaglutide by the United States Food and Drug Administration for chronic weight management. Significant benefits have been noted in glycemic control and cardiovascular health. However, as increasing numbers of patients are started on these medications, it is important for neurosurgeons to have knowledge of any perioperative considerations and side effects related to this class of drugs.

METHODS:

We performed a qualitative literature review using the PubMed and Embase databases, using the following key words: GLP-1 RAs adverse events; GLP-1 RAs and anesthesia; substance use disorders; and addiction, functional neurosurgery, nervous system rehabilitation, and spinal cord injury. Articles of relevance to perioperative management of these medications and specific benefits in the neurosurgical field were discussed.

RESULTS:

Recent guidance from the American Society of Anesthesiologists demonstrates the importance of tailored management of GLP-RA drugs for surgical patients. In addition, certain positive effects have been noted with relation to substance use disorders, neural protection and rehabilitation, and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease.

CONCLUSION:

In this article, we review what the neurosurgeon needs to know about the perioperative management of GLP-1 RAs and discuss existing literature in clinical and preclinical studies for potential indications and benefits of these medications, which can influence the management of conditions treated by neurosurgeons.
Delayed Deep White Matter Ischemia After Resection of Gliomas by Awake Surgery
Authors: Tsuchiya Takahiro , Takahashi Masamichi , Ohno Makoto , Yanagisawa Shunsuke , Osawa Sho , Fujita Shohei , Narita Yoshitaka
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Deep white matter (DWM) is perfused by the medullary arteries from the cortex, and ischemia sometimes occurs after glioma resection. However, the clinical significance of postoperative medullary artery–related ischemia has not been well studied. We retrospectively reviewed cases of delayed DWM ischemia after awake craniotomy to elucidate the clinical characteristics, mechanisms, and management of delayed ischemia.

METHODS:

We identified 4 cases of intra-axial brain tumors, mainly gliomas, that underwent tumor resection by awake craniotomy at our hospital and developed DWM ischemic symptoms after surgery, despite no worsening of neurological symptoms at the end of surgery.

RESULTS:

Four patients (3 men and 1 woman) presented with glioblastoma, oligodendroglioma, astrocytoma, and brain metastasis. The median age at surgery was 47.5 years (41-73 years). The tumors were located in the watershed area in the frontal lobe (n = 2) and the parietal lobe (n = 2), all of which were left-sided (n = 4). DWM ischemic symptoms, such as motor dysfunction, aphasia, dysarthria, and dysgraphia, developed at an average of 24 hours (14-48 hours) after resection by awake craniotomy. All 4 patients showed symptom improvement within a week after surgery and completely recovered within a month.

CONCLUSION:

DWM ischemia is caused by sacrifice of the medullary artery, which feeds the tumor and adjacent brain tissue during tumor resection, and should be considered when delayed aphasia or paralysis occurs postoperatively. These symptoms are often transient and recovery usually occurs. Tumors located in the frontal or parietal lobes, particularly in the watershed area, should be carefully monitored for postoperative ischemia.
Lumbocaval Shunt for Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: A Technical Report and Case Series
Authors: Sujijantarat Nanthiya , Koo Andrew B. , Elsamadicy Aladine A. , Antonios Joseph P. , Renedo Daniela , Haynes Joseph O. , Fathima Bushra , Theriault Brianna C. , Chavez Miguel M. , Amllay Abdelaziz , Nowicki Kamil W. , Kanzler Matthew , Jiang Jasmine W. , Shekar Apurv H. , Hebert Ryan M. , DiLuna Michael L. , Matouk Charles C.
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Neurosurgical management of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) can be challenging given high rates of revision associated with cerebrospinal fluid shunting. In this study, we present a technical report and early outcomes for lumbocaval shunt (LCS) placement in difficult-to-manage cases.

METHODS:

A literature search was performed for previous reports of LCS or lumboatrial shunt. Electronic medical records of patients who underwent placement of LCS for the treatment of IIH at a single institution were reviewed. Based on early experience and outcomes, our modified technique for LCS is described.

RESULTS:

Six patients (4 females, median age 36 years [IQR 31-43]) underwent placement of LCS between October 2023 and April 2024. LCS was completed in all cases without intraoperative complications. The median operative time was 88.5 minutes [IQR 79.5-158.8]. One patient developed low-pressure headaches that resolved after the addition of a shunt-assist device. Five of 6 patients reported improved headache at the last follow-up visit, with 4 of 5 patients reporting that their high-pressure headaches completely resolved (median time to the last follow-up of one month [IQR 1-2 months]). During the study period, one shunt revision was performed because of migration of the lumbar shunt into a suprafascial pocket. This led to modification of the surgical technique, specifically the inclusion of anchoring dips.

CONCLUSION:

LCS may represent an alternative shunting technique in difficult-to-manage patients with IIH. Further assessment of long-term outcomes is needed.
Επιφάνιος-Στέφανος Δημητριάδης (1760-1825)
Authors: Ξυδάκης Μάρκος
Published: November 2024

Η παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή εστιάζει στο πρόσωπο και το έργο του Επιφάνιου ή Στέφανου Δημητριάδη (1760-1825). Μέσα από τη συγκέντρωση και τη σύνθεση των διαθέσιμων τεκμηρίων επιχειρείται η σύνθεση μιας πλήρους, κατά το δυνατόν, προσωπογραφίας. Εξετάζονται, μαζί με τα λιγότερο ή περισσότερο γνωστά και εκδεδομένα έργα του Δημητριάδη, μία σειρά χειρογράφων ποικίλου περιεχομένου, τα οποία περιλαμβάνουν στην πλειονότητά τους αυτόγραφα κείμενά του. Αυτά εντοπίζονται σε αθηναϊκές βιβλιοθήκες (πρώην ιδιωτική συλλογή χειρογράφων του Σπ. Λάμπρου, τώρα στη συλλογή της Βιβλιοθήκης της Φιλοσοφικής σχολής ΕΚΠΑ), στη Σκιάθο (Αρχείο Μονής Ευαγγελισμού), καθώς και σε αθωνικές μονές (Μονή Αγίου Παύλου και Μονή Παντελεήμονος). Τα άφθονα αυτά ευρήματα αξιοποιούνται για την ανασύσταση της προσωπικής διαδρομής του λογίου στον χώρο και τον χρόνο, ενώ ιδιαίτερο βάρος δίνεται στην ανάλυση των ειδολογικά ποικίλων λογοτεχνικών συγγραφών του. Η έρευνα συνοδεύεται από τη σχολιασμένη φιλολογική έκδοση άγνωστων ως τώρα τεκμηρίων, κυρίως των τριών λογοτεχνικών κειμένων που εντοπίζουμε στα κατάλοιπα του Δημητριάδη. Πρόκειται για μία πεζή μυθοπλαστική αφήγηση, τη Φυσική και ηθική ιστορία του ανθρώπου (ca. 1802-1810), και δύο δραματικά ή θεατρικόμορφα κείμενα, τα Διάλογος Ολυμπιάδος και Διογένους και Κωμωδία Επιμηθέως και Πανδώρας (2η δεκαετία 19ου αιώνα).
Knowledge and attitudes of health care professionals regarding birth preparedness of women in labour at selected Hospitals in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: A qualitative study
Authors: Munyaneza Yvonne , Mhlongo Euphemia Mbali
Published: November 2024

Introduction Low and middle-income countries account for the largest proportion of women’s deaths as a result of pregnancy or childbirth-related complications. The sub-Saharan region is the most affected with approximately 70% (202 000) of maternal deaths between 2000 and 2020. These deaths could have been prevented if expectant mothers were prepared for childbirth. Birth preparedness is perceived as a better strategy that helps attain a substantial reduction in maternal mortality. This is achieved by attending early antenatal classes, receiving skilled care during childbirth, and care and support right after birth. The latest survey on antenatal class attendance conducted in South Africa provides an estimated 30.8% of expectant mothers in public healthcare facilities. Methods This study employed a qualitative approach to collect data, as a result, one focus group discussion with five (N=5) participants and two others with six (N=6) participants each (n=6X2=12) and twenty individual interviews were conducted. The study sought to explore and describe the knowledge and attitudes of healthcare professionals regarding the birth preparedness of women in labour at selected hospitals in Durban KwaZulu-Natal. Results Expectant mothers were unprepared for both labour and postnatal care. The unprepared expectant mothers were uncooperative and made the task of midwives difficult to the extent of endangering the life of their expected newborn babies and their own. Factors such as finance, heterogeneity, staff shortage, language barrier, lack of family support, lack of interest, cultural beliefs, and confusion caused by various sources of information were responsible for birth unpreparedness. Conclusion The synergy between expectant mothers and midwives appears to be an important factor in achieving better birth preparedness.
Towards an ontology of mental health: Protocol for developing an ontology to structure and integrate evidence regarding anxiety, depression and psychosis
Authors: Schenk Paulina M. , Hastings Janna , Santilli Micaela , Potts Jennifer , Kennett Jaycee , Friedrich Claire , Michie Susan
Published: November 2024

Background Research about anxiety, depression and psychosis and their treatments is often reported using inconsistent language, and different aspects of the overall research may be conducted in separate silos. This leads to challenges in evidence synthesis and slows down the development of more effective interventions to prevent and treat these conditions. To address these challenges, the Global Alliance for Living Evidence on aNxiety, depressiOn and pSychosis (GALENOS) Project is conducting a series of living systematic reviews about anxiety, depression and psychosis. An ontology (a classification and specification framework) for the domain of mental health is being created to organise and synthesise evidence within these reviews and present them in a structured online data repository. Aim This study aims to develop an ontology of mental health that includes entities with clear labels and definitions to describe and synthesise evidence about mental health, focusing on anxiety, depression and psychosis. Methods We will develop and apply the GALENOS Mental Health Ontology through eight steps: (1) defining the ontology’s scope; (2) identifying, labelling and defining the ontology’s entities for the GALENOS living systematic reviews; (3) structuring the ontology’s upper level (4) refining entities via iterative stakeholder consultations regarding the ontology’s clarity and scope; (5) formally specifying the relationships between entities in the Mental Health Ontology; (6) making the ontology machine-readable and available online; (7) integrating the ontology into the data repository; and (8) exploring the ontology-structured repository’s usability. Conclusion and discussion The Mental Health Ontology supports the formal representation of complex upper-level entities within mental health and their relationships. It will enable more explicit and precise communication and evidence synthesis about anxiety, depression and psychosis across the GALENOS Project’s living systematic reviews. By being computer readable, the ontology can also be harnessed within algorithms that support automated categorising, linking, retrieving and synthesising evidence.
Sleep duration, sleep disturbances and skeletal muscle mass change over time: A population-based longitudinal analysis in Peru
Authors: Agurto-García Renzo A. , Nuñez-del-Arco Enrique S. , Carrillo-Larco Rodrigo M. , Miranda J. Jaime , Bernabe-Ortiz Antonio
Published: November 2024

Background The skeletal muscle has mainly a structural function and plays a role in human’s metabolism. Besides, the association between sleep quality and muscle mass, in the form of sarcopenia, has been reported. This study aimed to assess whether changes of skeletal muscle mass (SMM) over time are associated with baseline sleep duration and disturbances in a resource-constrained adult Peruvian population. Materials and Methods Secondary analysis using information of a population-based intervention. The outcome was SMM assessed using bioimpedance and the second version of the Lee’s formula. The exposures were baseline self-reported sleep duration (normal, short and long sleepers) and disturbances (sleep difficulties and awakening at nights). Crude and adjusted linear mixed models were used to assess the associations of interest, and coefficients (β) and 95% confidence intervales (95% CI) were reported. Results Data from 2,310 individuals at baseline, mean age 43.4 (SD: 17.2), and 1,163 (50.4%) females were analyzed. Sleep duration was 7.8 (SD: 1.3) hours/day, with 15.3% short sleepers and 11.6% long sleepers, whereas 24.2% reported sleep difficulties and 25.1% awakening at nights. In multivariable model, SMM among short and long sleepers did not vary significantly over time using the Lee’s formula; however, SMM was lower at the end of follow-up for long sleepers using bioimpedance (-0.26 kg; 95% CI: -0.47 to -0.06). Sleep disturbances were associated with a gradual SMM reduction: 0.36 kg using bioimpedance and 0.25 kg using the formula at the end of follow-up. Conclusions Using bioimpedance and formula estimations, sleep disturbances were associated with a reduction of SMM over a period of 2.4 years. Regarding sleep duration, no SMM changes over time were seen in short sleepers, but findings were discordant in long sleepers: a reduction of SMM using bioimpedance, but no change using the formula.
"Nikt za nas tego nie zrobi". Praktyki językowe i kulturowe młodych aktywistów mniejszości językowych Europy
Authors: Dołowy-Rybińska Nicole
Published: November 2024

Książka przedstawia portret młodych ludzi angażujących się na rzecz mniejszości językowych Europy: Kaszubów (w Polsce), Górnołużyczan (w Niemczech), Bretończyków (we Francji) i Walijczyków. Odgrywają oni rolę przewodników po swoich kulturach, wskazują na problemy, trudności i wyzwania, z jakimi się spotykają w codziennym życiu i działaniu. Ich słowa ukazują sytuację socjolingwistyczną mniejszości, panujące ideologie językowe, rolę edukacji mniejszościowej oraz typy młodych użytkowników języków mniejszościowych. Analizie zostały poddane także praktyki kulturowe i tożsamościowe młodych w kontekście różnych form życia wspólnotowego oraz ich drogi do działania na rzecz mniejszości, wiodące od aktywnego uczestnictwa w kulturze, przez stopniowe angażowanie się w działania, a ż po aktywizm językowy.
A new cicada species of the genus Kosemia Matsumura (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Cicadettinae) from Xinjiang, China
Authors: LEE YOUNG JUNE , LEI ZHONGREN
Published: November 2024

Kosemia brevis sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Cicadettinae: Cicadettini) is described from Xinjiang, China. This species is morphologically closest to Kosemia yezoensis (Matsumura, 1898) as its forewing median vein and cubitus anterior vein are fused at the base. However, the new species can be distinguished from K. yezoensis by the size and color of the anal styles. Its body is much smaller but plump, and its forewing is comparatively short, compared to K. yezoensis.
Cytotoxic, Cell Apoptosis, Colony Formation and Anti-Migratory Activity of Three Herbal Plant Extracts in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells
Authors:   Division of Pharmacy and Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Care, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand, Boontha Supavadee ,   Research Group in Herbal and Development of Formulation and Delivery Systems for Elderly Adults and Cancer Treatment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand, Buranrat Benjaporn ,   Research Group in Herbal and Development of Formulation and Delivery Systems for Elderly Adults and Cancer Treatment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand,   Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44000, Thailand, Saepang Kamchai ,   Division of Pharmacy and Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Care, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand,   Research Group in Herbal and Development of Formulation and Delivery Systems for Elderly Adults and Cancer Treatment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand, Temkitthawon Prapapan ,   Bioscreening Unit, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand, Pitaksuteepong Tasana ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
Published: November 2024

Herbal medicine has emerged as a safe and readily accessible reservoir of compounds for the treatment of cancer. This work focused on the anticancer activity of three herbal plant extracts in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F.) Wall. ex Nees (AP), Momordica charantia L (MC) and Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth (PP) were extracted with 95% ethanol using the maceration method. Their impacts on biological processes, including cytotoxicity, cell apoptosis, colony formation, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell migration, were assessed using sulforhodamine B (SRB), dye staining with mixtures of acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB), a clonogenic method, flow cytometry using a DCF-DA fluorescent probe and a scratch wound healing method, respectively. The study revealed that the AP, MC and PP extracts exerted anticancer activity in MCF-7 cells through the induction of cytotoxicity, cell apoptosis and ROS levels and the suppression of cell growth and migration. All extracts displayed cytotoxic effects and triggered dose-dependent apoptosis in MCF-7 cells at concentrations ranging from 0 to 500 μg/mL and 0 to 250 μg/mL, respectively. Moreover, they showed dose-dependent anti-migratory activity in MCF-7 cells at concentrations ranging from 0 to 100 μg/mL. Compared to the MC and PP extracts, the extract of AP exhibited the strongest anticancer properties against MCF-7 breast cancer cells, suggesting its potential utility as an anticancer agent to both prevent and treat breast cancer.
Association of Oral Manifestations with Iron Deficiency Anemia: A Case-Control Study
Authors:   KHCMS Candidate of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Faculty of dentistry, Kurdistan higher council of medical specialties, Erbil- KRG-Iraq, Adwar Hiba Shokry , Ahmed Shahen Ali ,   Oral and maxillofacial medicine, F. K. H. C. M. S followship oral and maxillofacial medicine, Hawler Medical University college of dentistry, Erbil-Kurdistan region – Iraq, Hamad Farman Hamadameen ,   Faculty of dentistry, Kurdistan higher council of medical specialties, Erbil- KRG-Iraq
Published: November 2024

Insufficient iron levels cause oral signs of iron insufficiency. Iron is necessary for several biological activities, including oral tissue health. Low iron levels might alter oral tissues, causing particular symptoms. The aim of this study to detect the oral manifestations of iron deficiency anemia as well as to investigate the link between the severity of these manifestations and the degree of the iron deficiency. The study includes 100 patients with iron deficiency anemia at an Azadi Teaching Hospital, in Duhok City, North of Iraq, and 98 healthy persons. A full history was obtained, and complete blood count and serum ferritin were recorded. In terms of gender distribution, a clear dominance of females was observed, as they represented 94% of the total cases compared to only 6% for males. Regarding the severity of anemia, most patients had moderate to mild degrees, while severe anemia cases represented a smaller percentage (12%). The comparison between patients and healthy people showed highly significant statistical differences in all pathological changes of the oral mucosa. Complete absence of pathological changes was more common in healthy controls (85%) than in patients (34%). Some pathological changes were closely associated with iron deficiency anemia, such as atrophic glossitis and angular cheilitis. This study concludes by highlighting the strong correlation between iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and oral mucosal lesions, and the most common oral manifestations are present in patients with severe iron deficiency anemia.
Primary parenchymal squamous cell carcinoma of the kidney: A case report
Authors: Zheng Zhi-Hui , Shao Bo , Xu Chao-Min , Wang Ke , Wen Jia-Zhu , Luo Li-Kang , Guan Jia-Cheng
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the renal parenchyma is extremely rare, with only nine cases reported.

CASE SUMMARY

This study reports a 51-year-old man with primary SCC of the renal parenchyma. The patient was admitted with recurrent dull pain and discomfort in the right lumbar region, which had worsened over 2 weeks, accompanied by painful gross hematuria. SCC antigen (SCCA) levels were elevated, and imaging revealed a renal mass with associated calculi. The patient underwent laparoscopic unilateral nephrectomy and lymph node dissection. Postoperative pathology confirmed highly differentiated SCC with necrosis in the right renal parenchyma, with negative renal pelvis and ureter. The pathological stage was Pt3aN1M0. Four months after surgery, the tumor recurred with involvement of the liver, right psoas major muscle, and inferior vena cava. The patient refused chemotherapy and succumbed to the disease 6 months postoperatively due to disease progression.

CONCLUSION

We report a case of primary SCC of the renal parenchyma, a rare renal malignancy. The clinical symptoms, laboratory tests, and imaging findings are nonspecific, making accurate and timely diagnosis challenging. According to the literature, for patients with renal calculi accompanied by a renal mass, elevated serum SCCA levels, and magnetic resonance imaging showing cystic or cystic-solid masses within the kidney with pseudocapsules and heterogeneous mild enhancement, the possibility of this disease should be considered.
Anterior mediastinal masses and thymic cysts
Authors: Özdemir Öner
Published: November 2024

Cystic lesions of the anterior mediastinum in children suggest a well-known group of benign lesions that are comparatively frequent. Thymic cysts (TCs) are mostly positioned in the anterior mediastinum and some patients in the neck. Benign TCs classified as congenital intra-thoracic mesothelial cysts are commonly asymptomatic and have slight clinical significance. Multilocular TC, which can mimic another anterior mediastinal cystic tumor and is seen in adults, is more clinically important. It is a sporadic mediastinal lesion thought to arise in the course of acquired inflammation. Congenital mediastinal cysts represent 3%-6% of all mediastinal tumors and 10%-18% of radiologically reported mediastinal masses. Mediastinal TCs are uncommon and it is hard to know their true incidence. About 60% of cases with mediastinal TCs are asymptomatic, and the remainder of patients complains of nonspecific symptoms (e.g., chest pain, dyspnea, or cough). The literature suggests that most cysts are benign, but an indefinite percentage may have a neoplastic process and result in significant compressive symptoms over time. Clinical symptoms of TCs vary depending on the location. In addition, frequent symptoms at the appearance of enlarged benign thymic and mediastinal cysts generally contain compressive symptoms (e.g. , respiratory distress, thymic pain, and symptoms related to Horner syndrome, hoarseness, dysphonia, dyspnea, orthopnea, wheezing, and fever). Many TCs have cystic density and a neat border and are simple to diagnose with radiological imaging. However, some TCs are hard to identify before surgery and may be misidentified as thymomas depending on their site and computed tomography results. Excision by thoracotomy, median sternotomy, or video-assisted techniques is essential for conclusive diagnosis, management, and abolition of relapse of anterior mediastinal masses and TCs. Histopathologic examination may be required after surgery. Considering the extent of the mass and the preliminary inability to make a definitive diagnosis, en bloc excision of the cyst was thought to be preferred to circumvent likely complications (e.g., perforation, spillage of the contents, or incomplete excision).
Metaverse for mental health disorders: Opportunities and challenges
Authors: Chakrabarti Subho
Published: November 2024

Several articles on the mental health impact of the metaverse and the need to balance its potential benefits with the risks of metaverse use has recently published. The metaverse consists of a combination of immersive technologies and artificial intelligence algorithms. The metaverse differs from the preceding digital psychiatric interventions due to its complex structure and interactions between components. The diverse functions of the metaverse ensure that it may have a substantial impact on mental health. However, the evidence for its efficacy in treating mental health disorders is limited to a few trials. The mental health benefits of immersive technologies are well-documented and suggest that metaverse-based psychiatric treatment may be similarly efficacious. The mental health risks of the metaverse are largely unknown, and it is not clear whether they will be greater than other digital psychiatric interventions. Much more research is needed to determine whether metaverse-based psychiatric treatment will meet the standards of appropriate mental healthcare.
Kinetics of optical phonons and DP depolarization of spins in drift transport: Hot carrier spin effect in semiconductors
Authors: Miah M. Idrish
Published: November 2024

Spin-conserving transport of carriers is an essential requirement for the practical semiconductor-based spintronic devices. Kinetics of optical phonons and Dyakonov-Perel (DP) depolarization of spins in drift transport in semiconductor gallium arsenide (GaAs) is theoretically investigated. We consider electrons in n-type bulk GaAs subjected to a strong electric field, where the electron distribution is assumed to be drifted Maxwellian. The momentum drift of this distribution results in the enhanced drift velocity, and electrons with the corresponding energy emit optical hot phonons in the drifting process. The hot phonons are incorporated via the longitudinal polar optical phonon (POP) mechanism in the momentum relaxation. It is found that a finite phonon lifetime can reduce the momentum relaxation rate, which results in a delay in the runaway to higher fields, where the effect increases with the electron density. The electron spin is found to relax with the DP relaxation frequencies, and the DP spin lifetimes are found to decrease with increasing the drift field. However, a high field completely depolarizes the electron spin due to an increase of the DP spin precession frequency of the hot electrons in the POP scattering process. It is also found that the DP spin precession frequency decreases with decreasing electron temperature or increasing electron density in the moderate range. However, the findings resulting from this investigation demonstrate the hot carrier effect in the spin transport in semiconductors. The results are discussed in comparison with those obtained in earlier experimental and theoretical studies with different approaches.
registries
Authors: Karabeg Edina , Ćatibušić-Hadžagić Feriha , Karabeg Enes
Published: November 2024

Cilj je prikazati važnost projekta registriranja i praćenja neurorizične djece u primarnoj pedijatrijskoj praksi za neurorazvojni ishod udobi od jedne godine. Prema uzoru na „Registre neurorizične djece“ sačinjen je protokol registracije i praćenja dojenčadi u primarnojpedijatrijskoj ordinaciji, privatne zdravstvene ustanove u Sanskom Mostu. Prospektivno je praćeno 274-ero novorođene djece različite gestacijske dobi kroz sedmogodišnje razdoblje. Izdvojena je skupina djece s neurorizičnim čimbenicima te je praćena tijekomprve godine života. U dobi od jedne godine obavljena je procjena neurorazvoja. Izvori podataka bili su dječji kartoni, otpusne liste,anamnestički i razvojni upitnici i tablice. Procjena neurorazvoja za 1 godinu obavljala se po Münchenskoj razvojnoj ljestvici. Kontrolnu skupinu činila su djeca s neurorizičnim čimbenicima iz iste regije, koja nisu bila uključena u projekt. U statističkoj obradi primijenjeni su test χ2 i koefi cijent kontingencije. U ispitivanoj skupini djece u dobi od 12 mjeseci usporen neurorazvoj je bio u 11/203(5,42%), a neurorazvojno odstupanje je bilo u 5/203 (2,46%). U kontrolnoj skupini iste dobi usporen neurorazvoj je bio kod10/65(15,38%) i patološki neurorazvoj kod 13/65 (20%) djece. Statističku značajnost na neurorazvojni ishod dobili smo kod djece sa3 i više čimbenika rizika. Također je statistički značajna razlika u neurorazvojnom ishodu djece u kontrolnoj i ispitivanoj skupini. Neurorazvojni ishod je bio bolji u djece registrirane i praćene prema protokolu, što upućuje na značenje uvođenja registra neurorizičnogdjeteta i pedijatra koji ga nadzire.
Coexistence of epilepsy and Sandifer syndrome in a child with cerebral palsy
Authors: Miočinović Lj. Popović , Barišić N. , Dugandžija G. Paškov , Čikara M. , Nađ K. Bošnjak
Published: November 2024

Introduction: In cerebral palsy various motor paroxysms (MPs) with or without loss of consciousness can be found (involuntary dystonia, dyskinesia, tonic neck reflex, epileptic attacks, stereotypies, medication induced acute dystonia). There are also MPs related to feeding and the commonly associated gastroesophageal reflux disorder (GERD). Sandifer syndrome (SS) is defined as a combination of GERD and neurologic symptoms (spastic torsional dystonia and opisthotonic body posturing with change in mental status). In healthy children SS is characterized by normal diagnostic tests. In children with cerebral palsy the existence of various MPs and abnormal EEG make the diagnosis of SS much more difficult. Aim: To show the importance of 24-hour video EEG polygraph monitoring (DVEEG) in differentiating motor paroxysms in a two-year old child with cerebral palsy (tetraparesis, mental retardation, epilepsy, feeding through a nasogastric tube). Methods: Case history: full-term infant (birth weight 3,5 kg), arrest in labor, hypoxic-ischemic brain damage, neonatal convulsions, West syndrome, brief period without seizures, then infrequent partial attacks. At 15 months frequent respiratory difficulties begin and at 17 months there is a sudden decline and diagnosis of GERD. He was treated with various antiepileptics, risperidone, baclofen, esomeprazole, and domperidone. Diagnostic work up: neurologic, pulmonary, gastroenterologic with DVEEG. Results: Various MPs were registered during DVEEG with or without ictal abnormalities on the EEG. During wakefulness, interictal EEG was dominated by beta and interpolated theta activity along with focal spikes from several independent sites. Interictal EEG during sleep maintained graphoelements of physiologic sleep, but with distorted sleep microarchitecture and paroxysmal multifocal activity. DVEEG showed poor spontaneous movement with only spastic MPs, asymmetric tonic neck reflexes, and total spastic and opisthotonic MP patterns during periods of irritability. These MPs were not associated with clear ictal EEG changes (there were frequent artifacts in cerebral and extracerebral parameters). During wakefulness and associated with feeding, there were about 20 attacks of spastic torsional dystonia/opisthotonia and tonic body posturing for half a minute without clear ictal EEG changes, which is characteristic for SS. There were also various MPs recorded with ictal EEG changes characteristic for epileptic attacks. Conclusion: DVEEG is the method of choice for differentiating motor paroxysms, epileptic seizures and Sandifer syndrome in cerebral palsy.
Seizure recurrence and epilepsy after the first unprovoked seizure: retrospective analysis in hospitalized patients
Authors: Šojat Lj. Cvitanović , Kukuruzović M. , Juraški R. Gjergja , Lerotić I. , Bilonić - Ćović I. , Malenica M. , Šojat T. , Vugrinec M.
Published: November 2024

The unprovoked epileptic seizure is considered to be one with no cause, which excludes seizures connected with acute infections, traumas, central nervous system haemorrhages or metabolic disorders (disorders of the homeostasis-acidosis, hypoglicaemia, electrolyte dysbalance). The decision whether to treat the first unprovoked epileptic seizure, the risk of repeated seizure or development into epilepsy in children and young adolescents may be found in the instructions based on evidence. Analysis of the evidence based data points out that a number of children will have another seizure in a certain time period or will develop epilepsy regardless of antiepileptic drug therapy; therefore, a decision to start therapy has to be made on an individual basis. The retrospective study was conducted at the Neuropaediatric Department of the University Hospital Sisters of Mercy, which showed that 29 out of 226 children staying on the ward developed a second unprovoked epileptic seizure. Broad diagnostic procedures were preformed after the first and second seizures. 25 children were diagnosed with epilepsy or epileptic syndrome; the appropriate antiepileptic therapy was provided, and the disease itself followed up and controlled regularly.
Acquired genetic changes in secondary tumor diseases
Authors: Petković I.
Published: November 2024

Recent years have seen significant progress in the treatment of patients with malignancies, but have increased the risk of late complications including secondary cancers. Frequent complications are therapy related myelodysplastic syndrome (tMDS) and acute myeloid leukaemia (tAML). This article reviews the results published so far on genetic investigations of patients with tMDS and tAML. The review focuses on acquired genetic changes, specific clonal chromosomal aberrations, gene mutations, current knowledge of the relationship between cytotoxic agents used in previous treatment with genome abnormalities, and classification of tMDS/tAML according to genetic and clinical characteristics. The available results indicate that cytogenetic and molecular analysis have clinical usefulness in the diagnosis and management of patients with tMDS/tAMl, they contribute to the understanding of leukemogenesis and the role of cytotoxic agents in the etiology of acute leukaemia.
Severe hemolytic disease in a newborn caused by anti-k antibodies
Authors: Starčević M. , Sović D. , Dodig J. , Zah-Mataković V. , Zakanj Z.
Published: November 2024

Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) is a consequence of the mother’s alloimmunization towards fetal erythrocyte antigens. Maternal IgG class antibodies cross the placenta into the fetal circulation and attach to the antigenic sites on the surface of the erythrocytes, hence destroying them. Hydrops fetalis is the most severe form of the disease, but hyperbilirubinemia and anemia are more common. The incidence of HDN caused by anti-K antibodies comes immediately after the incidence of HDN caused by anti-D antibodies. During the 1980’s a different mechanism was noted for anti-D and anti-K antibodies. Suppression of erythropoesis, rather than hemolysis, is the predominant mechanism in HDN related to Kell aloimmunization, and may occur during the first pregnancy. In our case, the aloimmunization of the K-negative mother occured during pregnancy with a K-positive fetus, leading to severe anemia in the newborn. Serological findings of anti-K antibodies in the mother’s serum, and the presence of Kell antigens on the surface of the child’s erythrocytes, compiled with the father’s Kell antigen status established the diagnosis. Due to timely and adequate treatment with transfusions, the girl recovered completely without consequences to growth and development.
Diagnostic possibilities of video-electroencephalographyand amplitude-integrated electroencephalographyduring early life
Authors: Neubauer D. , Osredkar D. , Paro-Panjan D. , Derganc M.
Published: November 2024

The main aim in managing sick newborns is to prevent or at least to minimize brain injury and to establish optimal neuro-developmental outcome. Electroencephalography (EEG) which reflects brain electrical activity, is regarded as the most reliable tool in recognition of possible central nervous system dysfunction (e. g. seizures) and in predicting outcome. The best surveillance of a neonate and young infant can be achieved by continuous functional monitoring, but long term EEG has limited availability in many centres and requires interpretation by a skilled paediatric electroencepahlographist. Therefore, amplitude-integrated EEG (aEEG) is a technique for simplified EEG monitoring which has an increasing clinical potential in neonatal intensive care. The article presents literature data as well as our own experience with diagnostic possibilities of both, standard (digitalized and video-assisted) EEG as well as aEEG and stresses the importance of using new generation machines that incorporate, along with aEEG signal, also a display of raw EEG for better seizure detection.
Schwellensemiotik
Authors: Disselhoff Dennis
Published: November 2024

Zur Liminalität und Affordanz inschriftentragender Tore, Portale und Türen in der mittelalterlichen Viten- und Offenbarungsliteratur
Gattung und Affordanz
Authors: Wittstock Antje
Published: November 2024

Überlegungen zu Kräuterbüchern des 16. Jahrhunderts
Sprachliche Emotionsrepräsentationen in DaF-Lehrwerken für die Primarstufe in Polen
Authors: Ciepielewska-Kaczmarek Luiza
Published: November 2024

Linguistic representations of emotions in GFL textbooks for primary school in Poland
Ausdruck der Emotionen in der Didaktik des Faches Konsekutivdolmetschen am Beispiel des Sprachenpaars Deutsch-Polnisch
Authors: Jurewicz Magdalena , Kubiak Paweł
Published: November 2024

Expression of emotions in the didactics of consecutive interpreting using the example of the language pair German-Polish
Is St. Paul’s Cathedral the “Finest Building in the World”?
Authors: Wheeler Katherine
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT: For the October 1900 issue of The Strand Magazine , Frederick Dolman asked nine leading architects of the day “Which is the Finest Building in the World?” Among the eight responses he received, three architects selected works by Sir Christopher Wren, with St. Paul’s Cathedral heading the list. Dolman framed his question as a search for a “present-day ideal” in architecture, and the architects’ answers reveal how in the late nineteenth century Wren’s works, and St. Paul’s in particular, served as architectural models in the creation of a “Wrenaissance.” At the same time as this renewal of interest in Wren’s work occurred the demolition of over a dozen of Wren’s city churches, raising the question of whether Wren’s works were understood as having value in their own right. Given The Strand was a magazine aimed at the general public, Dolman’s article points to a broader interest in Wren and his works beyond the architectural profession. This public interest in Wren is also evident in several late Victorian novels— Mrs. J. H. Riddell’s Mitre Court: A Tale of the Great City (1883), Sir Walter Bessant’s The Bell of St. Paul’s (1889), and Emma Marshall’s Under the Dome of St. Paul’s: A Story of Sir Christopher Wren’s Days (1898)—where Wren and his works are vividly portrayed. In addition to the fictional portrayals of Wren and architects’ commentaries on his works was the use of St. Paul’s Cathedral as a backdrop to some of the most prominent moments in London history, including funerals of dignitaries, and The Illustrated London News prominently displayed St. Paul’s Cathedral as a symbol of London on its masthead. This curious combination of popular and professional portrayals of Sir Christopher Wren and St. Paul’s Cathedral solidified their prominence in the Victorian imagination as symbolic of both the city of London and English nationalism.
Upholding the "Grand Old Flag" on Canada's Home Front Early in the Second Boer War: An Overlooked Patriotic Rally in Toronto's Massey Hall
Authors: Whittingham Kevin
Published: November 2024

Abstract: Although sporadic scholarship has focused on the activities of Canada's home front during the Second Boer War (1899–1902), historians have overlooked the patriotic rally at Toronto's Massey Hall in the conflict's earliest days. The most publicized participants at the rally were the orator George Parkin, a leading Canadian promotor of a British imperial federation; and England's eminent contralto Clara Butt. Extensive newspaper coverage, while lauding the oration and singing at the rally, simultaneously alluded to the rally's potentially widespread influence. This article assesses the rally's events and impact, concluding that while its influence cannot always be readily determined, it was likely a significant factor on the Canadian home front.
Tragedy, History, and the Sacred: The Ḥujjah of Fāṭimat al-Zahrāʾ
Authors: Warner George William
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT: This article presents an analysis of the Twelver Shi‘a account of Fāṭima’s life. This analysis is not historical, and does not try to establish the truth or otherwise of this account. It attempts instead to demonstrate the presence of defining themes in how Fāṭima is portrayed, to elucidate these themes and to show how they transform the life of Fāṭima, as is experienced by the believer, from a simple chronicle of events into a sacred history which imbues these same events with meaning and guidance.
Do New Words Propagate Like Memes?
An Internet Usage-Based Two-Stage Model of the Life Cycle of Neologisms
Authors: Jiang Menghan , Ahrens Kathleen , Shen Xiangying , Lee Sophia Yat Mei , Huang Chu-Ren
Published: November 2024

Neologisms reflect new ideas or new concepts in our life and play an important role in cultural transmission and the vitality of human language. The explosion of neologisms, especially in the past two decades, can also be ascribed to the popularity and accessibility of digital content and social media. In this paper, we focus on the issue of how neologisms arise by looking at the trajectory of developments in terms of their usage over time, i.e., their life cycle. By studying neologisms in vivo, instead of as fait accompli, we hope to better understand the nature of neologisms and to enable better prediction and earlier inclusion of neologisms. To achieve this goal, we examine the memetic model for the life cycle of neologisms and compare it with a recently studied epidemic model. We present a longitudinal modeling of the development of neologisms based on internet usage data aggregated from Google Trends, covering the 90 most influential Chinese neologisms from 2008–2016. Our study verifies that the memetic model can describe and predict the life cycle of the neologisms robustly for the early stages (i.e., the ascending stages) of its cycle, but not for its full life cycle, and crucially cannot predict the inflection point. We conclude that two models are needed for word propagation: a memetic model for the initial stages and an epidemic model for the latter stage, particularly the inflection point. This two-stage/two-model approach allows for neologisms to be more easily identified as potentially new words, as it is easier to write a program to automatically filter for emerging terms using a memetic model.
Polynesia against Paris: Indigenous Anti-Nuclear Literature and the French Colonial Origins of Oceanian Reintegration
Authors: Harris Jeffrey Ryan
Published: November 2024

Abstract: This essay examines Francophone and Anglophone Indigenous Oceanian literature and art to argue that through the predominantly Polynesian response to French nuclear testing in Te Ao Mā’ohi (French Polynesia), French colonialism has inadvertently generated one key cultural movement toward post-colonial Oceanian reintegration—one that extends well beyond the Francophone Pacific. The essay first examines the prose fiction of Chantal Spitz, Rai a Mai [aka Michou Chaze], and Déwé Gorodé to understand Te Ao Mā’ohi’s (French Polynesia's) and Kanaky’s (New Caledonia's) shared experiences of French colonialism. It then contrasts the same authors’ treatment of French nuclear weapons testing, which was the central crisis in Mā’ohi literature but which was marginal to early Kanak prose fiction. The essay then brings this Francophone literature in direct conversation with the hitherto unexamined specifically anti-French dimension of better-known Anglophone Oceanian works from authors Witi Ihimaera (Maori) and Albert Wendt (Samoan) and visual artists Ralph Hotere (Maori) and Hiko‘ula Hanapi (Hawaiian). The essay then demonstrates how this mutual Francophone-Anglophone Polynesian response to French colonialism created a Polynesia-centric anti-French-colonial process of Oceanian reintegration, and how that engine of Pacific reintegration later encompassed Kanaky and generated new cultural and activist connections between the Francophone and Anglophone Pacific.
A Late/Post-Imperial Region of Difference: The Ottoman Empire and its Successor Polities in Southeastern Europe, Turkey, and the Arab East, c. 1850s–1940s
Authors: Schayegh Cyrus
Published: November 2024

Abstract: This text links the literatures on late/post-Ottoman history and on supranational regions. It argues that the area corresponding to the Ottoman Eurasian provinces before the empire’s step-by-step modern-time contraction became a region in the 1850s–1940s. Two processes pulled this region together: sovereignty contests and state-building impacts between the shrinking empire, nascent post-Ottoman nation-states, and interventionist European empires. While shifting around 1920, the region persisted until these two processes waned in the 1940s. The two processes were entwined. They shared a bedrock: the fact that the empire’s premodern religio-ethnic heterogeneity became an issue in modern times, encouraging homogenization. A centrifugal process—the disintegration of the Ottoman “Empire of Difference”—had a centripetal effect: a late/post-imperial region of difference united by the ricocheting impacts of homogenization, persisting “minority” populations, and meddling states, including European empires. Our case helps revisit supranational regions. Compared, for example, to world or global regions, external actors played a more direct part in “our” region; it was short and had a transformative rhythm; and it was characterized not by relatively ordered commonality but by joint volatile differences. Hence, this case forms part of, and illustrates, a broader pattern of modern Eurasian and European empires’ disintegration, which did not just usher in neatly separate nation-states.
Globality Without Mobility: Ephemera, 1830s–1860s
Authors: Nenzi Laura
Published: November 2024

Abstract: Histories of the nineteenth-century world often emphasize movements, connections, and linear paths toward uniformity. It is, however, possible to tell a global history of the nineteenth century that features sessile, globally disconnected actors; scarcely valuable commodities; and convergences that ended. Such is the case with the commercial publishers of late-Tokugawa Japan and the disaster lists they designed before the “opening” of the country in 1868. Disaster lists responded to seismic shifts that were both local and global: the rise of a market for organized knowledge and the formation of new ways of seeing. Their blend of survey and spectacle links Japanese printers to publishers in Europe, North America, and Mexico. Wholly unrestricted by the imperatives of movement and connectivity, disaster lists still trace the contours of a world in transformation. They also heed the call to look at globalization from the bottom up and from non-Eurocentric, non-West-centric, non-macro perspectives.