bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of transabdominal sonography and transvaginal sonography in evaluation of endometrial thickness in the setting of abnormal uterine bleeding
Authors: R Sam Raja , Ramakrishnan Karthik Krishna , Sekar Aadithiyan , Subbiah Meenakshi , Natarajan Paarthipan
Published: April 2023

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a common complaint in women of reproductive age for which they consult their gynecologist and is the direct cause of a significant health-care burden for women. Imaging plays a pivotal role in diagnosing and helping the clinicians choose an appropriate management strategy at the earliest possible juncture, thus relieving patients of their symptoms and preventing complications. This tertiary care hospital-based study aims to assess the role transabdominal sonography in comparison with transvaginal sonography in evaluation of endometrial thickness in the setting of AUB in of in female population of Kancheepuram and West Chennai district of Tamil Nadu. Materials and Methods: It is a prospective study conducted in the Department of Radiology, of a tertiary care hospital in Kancheepuram district of Tamil Nadu, India. One hundred adult females who presented with complaints of abnormal bleeding per vaginum underwent both transabdominal (TAS) and transvaginal ultrasonography (TVS). In addition, they were evaluated for AUB through assessment of endometrial thickness and the presence of other uterine and adnexal pelvic pathologies. Result: The results of the present study show that TVS is superior to TAS in assessing endometrial thickness accurately and has a slightly better role in diagnosing endometrial pathologies such as endometrial polyp, hyperplasia, endometrial carcinoma, and number and location of Submucosal/intramural leiomyomas. Conclusion: TVS is superior to TAS in assessing endometrial thickness accurately and have high sensitivity and accuracy in the diagnosis of pelvic pathologies and determination of the type of pelvic mass was improved significantly when a transvaginal study was performed after TAS in cases of AUB.
Discordance between Criteria-diagnosed and clinically-diagnosed Asthma COPD Overlap (ACO) among hospitalized patients in an Indian referral hospital.
Authors: Daniel Jefferson , Isaac Barney , Christopher Devasahayam Jesudas
Published: April 2023

Background and Objectives:  Asthma-COPD-overlap (ACO), as a single entity, has been widely contested over the past few years. Most ACO diagnostic criteria do not agree with each other when applied to respiratory patients. From 2016 to 2020, GINA described a syndromic approach for diagnosing ACO, which was replaced with a broader approach after 2021. We intended to learn if the GINA criteria and the CSMA Screening tool agreed with a clinical diagnosis of ACO. Methods: We performed a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of inpatients with a clinical diagnosis of ACO from 2014 to 2019. We reclassified these patients into Not-ACO and ACO using the GINA syndromic approach 2019 (GSA 2019), Modified GINA syndromic approach 2019 (MGSA 2019), GINA 2021 and the CSMA tool. We used Kappa statistics to compare the performance of various tools. Results: 83 clinically diagnosed ACO patients were included. According to GINA syndromic approach 2019, only 41 (49.39%) patients would be classified as ACO. GINA 2021 picked up 57 (68.67%) patients as ACO. The modified GINA syndromic approach 2019, which we proposed, identified 67 (80.72%) patients as ACO. The CSMA tool identified 63 (75.90%) patients as ACO. The GINA 2019 criteria, when interpreted liberally as described by us, have a better agreement with the CSMA tool with a sensitivity of 87.3% and specificity of 40%, with a 'k' agreement of 29.3%. Conclusion: The standard GINA syndromic approach 2019 Tool is stringent and may sometimes miss the ACO diagnosis. The original GINA syndromic approach table 2019 should be brought back with modifications.
Acute-onset psychosis induced by a therapeutic dose of parenteral hyoscine butylbromide: A case report
Authors: Emorinken Airenakho , Akpasubi Blessyn , Izirein Hannah , Oyerinde Adeola
Published: April 2023

Anticholinergic medications are frequently prescribed for gastrointestinal and genitourinary spasms. Psychosis, when present, results from anticholinergic overdose or toxicity. In the literature, anticholinergic-induced psychosis at therapeutic doses in patients with normal cognition is extremely uncommon. Here, we describe the case of a 28-year-old female who presented with auditory and visual hallucinations, stereotypy, and agitation after receiving a single intramuscular injection of 20 mg hyoscine butylbromide for dysmenorrhea. Even though it is rare for a therapeutic dose of hyoscine butylbromide to cause psychosis, clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion and be cautious when administering or prescribing anticholinergics.
Enterococcus avium bed-sore infection: A rara avis
Authors: Jangla Sunayana
Published: April 2023

Enterococci are Gram-positive cocci that are normal inhabitants of the urogenital and intestinal tracts of human beings and animals. Of the pathogenic species of Enterococci, Enterococcus avium is an infrequent cause of human infections. This report is an atypical case of bed-sore infection caused by E. avium in an elderly male with multiple comorbidities. Although the patient was given antibiotics along with surgical debridement, he passed away. This case calls attention to the pathogenic prospect of E. avium in clinical settings.
Amyloid spell – A close mimic of transient ischemic attack!
Authors: Puppala Sri Sai Srujana , Kaul Subhash , Gudipati Ananta Ram , Natuva Rajesh
Published: April 2023

Transient focal neurological episodes, also called amyloid spells occur as recurrent, transient episodes of spreading paresthesia seen in 14% of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) patients. An 81-year-old gentleman with coronary artery disease and a left ventricular clot was on anticoagulant treatment. He presented with three episodes of tingling in the left fingers spreading to the left arm and left leg, each lasting for 10 min. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain with susceptibility imaging showed convexity hemorrhage, and curvilinear blooming in sulcal spaces of the right cerebral convexity and left precuneus. Warfarin was stopped. He was treated with clobazam, aspirin, and atorvastatin. He improved, so was discharged after 2 days. Amyloid spells can be confused with transient ischemic attack (TIA) or its mimics and the treatment given for TIA can lead to intracranial hemorrhage in CAA patients. Radiological features aid in the diagnosis of CAA and antiplatelets need to be administered cautiously in patients with suspected TIA.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ТА ВИДИ ОБ’ЄКТІВ ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЇ ВЛАСНОСТІ
Authors: АНДРІЯШ Вікторія
Published: April 2023

У запропонованій статті наголошено, що нематеріальні блага як об'єкти інтелектуальної власності та нематеріальні блага як цінності, є невіддільними від особистості та різними за своєю природою. Спільність у правовому режимі даних об'єктів полягає в тому, що вони є об'єктами особистих немайнових прав. Відмінності полягають у природі взаємозв'язку з особистістю: якщо одні притаманні особистості з факту її існування, то інші є результатом діяльності особистості. Акцентовано увагу на тому, що об'єкти інтелектуальної власності поєднують певні ознаки: особливий характер діяльності, у яких створюються дані об'єкти; об'єктивна форма висловлювання; закріплення (легітимація у певній формі) виключного права за творцем чи іншим правовласником об'єкта інтелектуальної власності. У зв'язку з чим сформовано авторське визначення об'єктів інтелектуальної власності, в якості представлених в об'єктивній формі нематеріальних результатів інтелектуальної діяльності, на які в установленому законом порядку закріплюється виключне право їхнього творця або іншого правовласника. Наголошено на важливій ролі творчої діяльності як різновиду інтелектуальної діяльності, за допомогою якої відбувається реалізація індивідуальних здібностей, таланту та світовідчуття особистості, у процесі якої створюється новий нематеріальний результат, що має значення для регульованих правом соціально-економічних взаємовідносин. Запропоновано визначення об'єктивної форми вираження об'єкта інтелектуальної власності як зовнішньої форми вираження результату інтелектуальної діяльності, що забезпечує його сприйняття, та допускає можливість його відтворення чи повідомлення іншим особам як безпосередньо, так і за допомогою спеціальних пристроїв. Виділено основні ознаки об'єктів інтелектуальної власності, що здійснюють забезпечення системності правового регулювання. Вони дозволяють відповідні правові норми: відокремити від інших, що регулюють подібні з ними відносини, об'єднати в рамках цивільно-правової галузі окрему правову освіту, і внутрішньо систематизувати.
СОЦІАЛІСТИЧНИЙ ІНТЕРНАЦІОНАЛ В СИСТЕМІ МІЖНАРОДНИХ ВІДНОСИН 2022 РОКУ: АНАЛІЗ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ТА ГЕОПОЛІТИЧНЕ ЗНАЧЕННЯ
Authors: НАЗАРЧУК Олександр
Published: April 2023

Метою дослідження є аналіз діяльності Соціалістичного Інтернаціоналу (СІ) у важкий для світу та нашої держави 2022 р. Соцінтерн – одна з найавторитетніших міжнародних інституцій, має давню історію та вплив на сучасні геополітичні процеси, що може бути корисним для України. На основі ідей Соцінтерну: свободи, справедливості та солідарності відбудовувалися суспільства післявоєнної Європи. Соціал- демократія європейського зразку стала одним зі стовпів процвітання країн західної цивілізації. Новизна статті полягає у тому, що автор вперше у вітчизняному науковому середовищі вивчає діяльність відомої міжнародної організації, чий вплив та авторитет вартий наслідування багатьма громадсько-політичними структурами. Міжнародний науковий рівень досліджень діяльності Соціалістичного Інтернаціоналу є не достатньо масштабним. Про Інтернаціонал в наші дні можна знайти багато інформації журналістського, публіцистичного характеру. Науковий доробок, при цьому, стосується в основному історії цієї організації. У даній науковій статті з’ясовано хронологію засідань керівних органів Інтернаціоналу: рад, президій, комітетів, конгресу, розкрито основний зміст прийнятих ними декларацій, резолюцій, заяв. Діяльність Соцінтерну поширена на усі континенти земної кулі. Головні акценти робляться на найпроблемніших питаннях. Наприклад, у 2022 році таким головним питанням стала війна росії проти України. Без уваги Інтернаціоналу не залишилися важливі і гострі кризи у багатьох країнах Африки та Латинської Америки, Кавказу та Близького Сходу, Киргизстану та Білорусі. Окрему увагу приділено діяльності керівництва СІ, в першу чергу генерального секретаря Луїса Аяли та лідерів Соціал-демократичної партії України Юрія Буздугана та Олени Скоморощенко. Важливим в житті Соцінтерну став ХХVI Конгрес у листопаді 2022 р. Відбулася зміна керівництва, було прийнято ряд важливих декларацій, які вимагають окремого наукового дослідження та аналізу, оскільки несуть у собі серйозну міжнародну геополітичну складову через проблеми, яких вони стосуються. У висновках відзначено, що Інтернаціонал у 2022 р. виконав свої функції по багатьох аспектах діяльності. Українське питання було і залишається одним з ключових. Є сподівання, що Соціалістичний Інтернаціонал продовжить не менш активно і потужно відстоювати свої основні принципи і в майбутньому.
ПРОБЛЕМИ РЕФОРМУВАННЯ СИСТЕМИ ОХОРОНИ ЗДОРОВ’Я В СУЧАСНІЙ УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Шевчук Роман Володимирович
Published: April 2023

Досліджено що, на сьогоднішній день процес побудови в Україні соціально-захищеної та політично-стабільної моделі суспільства займає важливе місце реалізація реформ у галузі охорони здоров‘я, яка представляє собою основу для збереження людських ресурсів держави. Зазначено, що наразі, формується тенденція до підвищення вартості надання медичних послуг через підвищення кваліфікаційного рівня лікарів та впровадження у медичну сферу інноваційних технологій, що, відповідно, зумовлює зростання вимог громадян щодо якості таких послуг. З’ясовано, реалізація програми щодо функціонування абсолютно нової системи надання первинної медичної допомоги. Її суть полягає у прямій залежності заробітної плати лікаря загальної практики сімейної медицини, чи педіатра, від кількості його пацієнтів. Визначено, що ситуація в Україні з обмеженістю обсягів бюджетних коштів, що виділяються для фінансування ефективного функціонування системи охорони здоров‘я, призводить до неможливості підвищення якості надання медичних послуг громадянам. Спираючись на науковий доробок дослідників стану реалізації механізмів публічного управління системою охорони здоров‘я, виокремлено та охарактеризовано основні причини низької якості та ефективності надання медичних послуг громадянам, а саме: недостатня кількість спеціалістів; низький рівень кваліфікації медичного персоналу; недостатня кількість медичного обладнання та його моральна застарілість; низький рівень заробітних плат та відсутність дієвої системи стимулювання та мотивації. Існує, також, проблема невідповідності підготовки персоналу до потреб сучасної системи охорони здоров‘я; брак фінансових коштів та неможливість своєчасного надання медичної допомоги громадянам.
THE PROBLEM OF THE FORMER IRANIAN LANDS OF THE SOUTH CAUCASUS FROM A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Hrychorczuk Natalia
Published: April 2023

The article presents the issue of Iranian lands in the South Caucasus – from ancient times to the fall of the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic. The South Caucasus was shown as one geopolitical entity that was ruled by neighboring powers, including Iran, Russia, and Turkey over the years. The author proves that relations between regional countries are deeply rooted in the historical background which causes different historiographies. Due to the fact historiography is used in politics and territorial claims, Armenian and Iranian historiographies are opposed to Azerbaijani’s official narrative. The author’s main goal was to underline the historical context of contemporary Iranian-Azerbaijani relations as well as the specificity of Iran’s historical contacts with the countries and peoples of the South Caucasus.
ROMAN MILITARY SETTLEMENTS IN COLCHI 1ST – 4TH CENTURY AD (ACCORDING TO WRITER SOURCES AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL MATERIALS)
Authors: Burkadze Lana
Published: April 2023

The subject we address in the article covers one of the most important periods in the history of Colchis. The ancient period, which, according to the written records and archeological materials, seems to be quite active and varied in Colchis, is attracting more and more interest of scholars every year. Contacts with the ancient world date back to Greek colonization, when Greeks and Colchians coexisted side by side. The Romans began expressing their interest in the Caucasus, including Colchis, from the 1st century BC as the area seemed attractive to them as a protective barrier from the tribes coming from the north, but also for them it was a potential market for trade and economic activities. Like in other countries conquered by the Romans, they began to set up garrisons in Colchis to make it easier for them to fight the piracy that prevailed in Colchis at the time and at the same time to make it easier to control the northern frontier. The fact is that the process, which aimed at the deployment of Roman garrisons and the conquest of new territories, began from the 1st century AD and continued until the 3rd century, until the Romans settled up in the most extreme point in Colchis for them at that time, Bichvinta. The process of “appropriation” of territories may have spread deeper into central Colchis, as well as into other eastern provinces, had it not been for the problems of the Roman Empire that eventually led to its partition. To confirm the written sources we can cite the archaeological discoveries that date from the 19th century to the present day, and every year new discoveries are being recorded, which complement not only the history and archaeology of Colchis, but also the history of Rome and the world in general.
GEORGIAN-OSSETIAN RELATIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF RUSSIAN OCCUPATION
Authors: Loladze Nika , Janiashvili Lavrenti , Jalabadze Natia
Published: April 2023

As a result of the borderization of the dividing line by the occupation regime in the former South Ossetian Autonomous Region, 135 settlements ended up on the territory controlled by Russia; 34 villages under Georgia’s jurisdiction were divided and a single community was split into two parts. Both Georgian and Ossetian populations on both sides of the occupation “border” cannot cross freely the occupation line, and their private and public property has become inaccessible to most of them. The occupation policy of Russia has led to the disruption of traditional ethno-cultural and economic ties between Georgians and Ossetians, their isolation and alienation. The current situation is causing irreversible damage to Georgian-Ossetian relations and is likely to lead to the transformation of the ethnic and state identity of the population living in the Russian-controlled part. The consequences of borderization minimize the possibility of initiating any constructive process at this stage.
ARTISTIC RESEARCH PHILOSOPHY AND GEORGIA
Authors: Jvania Nino , Chabashvili Eka , Zhvania Tamar
Published: April 2023

Artistic research studies the creative process that leads to an artwork. The aim of artistic research is to produce knowledge on the basis of research outcomes and thus to contribute to development of various disciplines of culture. The idea of artistic research is quite new and it is no surprise that the field is still unexplored in Georgia. Though, artistic research has its historical background in the academic field of the country. The authors of the present article were given a unique opportunity to actively participate in the formation of a new research form and to contribute to its development at the international level as their fundamental research “Development of Artistic Research Methodology on the Example of Exploration of the Piano of the 21st Century and its Future Perspectives” was supported by Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation of Georgia. Within the project, they carried out the first research in the field of Georgian academic music which was conceived as purely artistic research. At the same time, having studied and analysed the methodology of artistic researches conducted in different countries worldwide they came to conclusions that form the basis of the philosophy of artistic research. The article presents the essence and philosophy of artistic research formulated by Georgian artistic researchers on the background of historical precedents of art-based research in Georgia. The fact that the researchers were raised in a country with the totalitarian past influenced their view of artistic research as a symbol of freedom of expression. The authors hope the article demonstrates the necessity of developing the artistic research in the fields of art and art education both in Georgia and worldwide.
AGGLOMERATIONS OF CAUCASIAN JEWS AND GEORGIAN JEWS IN AZERBAIJAN. LIFE OF JEWISH COMMUNITIES IN A MUSLIM STATE
Authors: Penkowska Kamelia
Published: April 2023

Caucasian Jews and Georgian Jews are among the many ethnic groups that now inhabit Azerbaijan. The largest clusters of these communities are in such cities as Baku, Quba (a suburb of Krasnaya Sloboda) and Oghuz (formerly Vartashen). The uniqueness of the Jewish community in the Caucasus lies primarily in the specificity of their culture, traditions and customs, which were influenced by close contacts with individual Caucasian peoples for many years. This article is an attempt to show the agglomeration of Caucasian Jews and Georgian Jews in Azerbaijan. On the other hand, it is also worth noting the process of their assimilation in a Muslim country and the attitude of the authorities in Azerbaijan to the Jewish community.
HOLY FATHER GREGORY OF KHANTSTA IN GEORGIAN MANUSCRIPTS
Authors: Tatishvili Ketevan
Published: April 2023

The name of Gregory (Grigol) of Khantsta, Holy Father and great figure of the eighth-ninth centuries, initiator of the monastic life in Tao-Klarjeti, despite his immense service before the Georgian church and the country, occurs in a small number of manuscripts. The oldest of these is the Synaxarion of the 11th c., A 97. The liturgical collections mainly include only the commemoration (in some manuscripts small hymns are also offered). The text of the Life of Father Gregory has come down to us in a single manuscript. In the 18th c., when the national-patriotic topics became one of the leading directions in Georgian ecclesiastical literature, in the redactions of Feast Hymn Books by Catholicos Anton I, there already appeared a whole Rite (9-Ode Canon with small hymns). In addition, Anton’s Tsqobilsitqvaoba also includes an Iambic, dedicated to Gregory of Khantsta, whereas two liturgical collections of the same century contain two miniatures of the Holy Father. The number of the manuscripts in which the name of Gregory of Khantsta is mentioned is so insignificant, that it may be noted, that due to the separation of Tao-Klarjeti from the motherland, Holy Father Gregory of Khantsta was not duly valued in Georgia, at least until the publication of the Life at the beginning of the 20th c.
Salmonella spp. Multifármaco virulento y resistente recuperado de canales de pollo en Brasil
Authors: Melo Nataly Sayonara da Silva , Silva Maria Goretti Varejão da , Almeida Anna Carolina Soares , Medeiros Anna Karolyne de Araujo , Silva Daniel Dias da , Souza Paula Mariana Salgueiro de , Silva Marcela Oliveira da , Soares Anísio Francisco , Mendonça Marcelo , Medeiros Elizabeth Sampaio de
Published: April 2023

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la producción de biofilm, el perfil de susceptibilidad y la detección de genes de resistencia presentes en aislados de Salmonella spp de canales frescas de pollo vendidas en una metrópoli brasileña. De un total de 61 muestras de canales frescas de aves de corral, 21 fueron positivas para la presencia de Salmonella spp. En cuanto a la prueba de sensibilidad antimicrobiana, (13/21) los aislamientos probados fueron resistentes a al menos un antibiótico, correspondiente al 61,9%, y el 38% (08/21) fueron resistentes a múltiples fármacos. Se identificaron al menos dos genes de resistencia en todos los aislamientos, especialmente los genes relacionados con la resistencia a β-lactamasas y quinolonas. También se observó que algunos aislados de Salmonella spp mostraron patrones genéticos idénticos. Y los 21 aislados fueron capaces de formar biopelícula. La identificación del biofilm de Salmonella spp. formando y portando diferentes genes de β-lactamasa y determinantes de resistencia a quinolonas demuestra la capacidad de estas bacterias para acumular diversos mecanismos de virulencia y resistencia a antimicrobianos. Por lo tanto, la propagación de diferentes grupos clonales de Salmonella spp. MDR en canales de carne de aves de corral expresada en este atestiguan la necesidad de controles efectivos para contener este microorganismo, que además de ser un riesgo para la salud pública, también es responsable de considerables pérdidas económicas.
СУЧАСНІ ВИКЛИКИ ДО МЕНЕДЖМЕНТУ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ ТА ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙ В УКРАЇНІ: ВРАХУВАННЯ ЗАРУБІЖНОГО ДОСВІДУ У ВІТЧИЗНЯНІЙ ПРАКТИЦІ
Authors: Копчак Юрій , Слюсаренко Катерина , Чумаков Кирило
Published: April 2023

У статті висвітлено питання організації менеджменту підприємств та організації в умовах воєнного стану з урахуванням міжнародної практики. Встановлено тенденцію щодо обсягів діяльності вітчизняних підприємств у перші місяці війни. Розглянуто принципи гнучкого менеджменту, як одного з інструментів для підтримки діяльності підприємств у сучасних умовах. Досліджено сутність стратегії коопетиції, як невід’ємного елементу гнучкого менеджменту. Структуровано ключові завдання стратегії коопетиції. Визначено роль інформаційних продуктів та програмних додатків в успішності гнучкого менеджменту. Проаналізовано необхідність використання у вітчизняній практиці антикризового управління, наведено його принципи. Деталізовано типи антикризового управління та визначено, який з них є найбільш прийнятний для України. Наведено приклад успішності аматорського антикризового управління на прикладі вітчизняної компанії «Дарниця». Визначено необхідність та напрямки впровадження менеджменту людських ресурсів з урахуванням зарубіжних тенденцій.
THE CO-MOVEMENT OF CHINA AND US STOCK INDICES: A PORTFOLIO DIVERSIFICATION ANALYSIS
Authors: Abdullah Ahmad Monir , Abdul Wahab Hishamuddin , Mohammed Masih Abul Mansur , Abdul Majid Mariani , Wong Wai-Yan
Published: April 2023

The aim of this article is to find diversification opportunities by examining the time-varying and time-scale-based volatility and correlation of the US and Chinese stock market indices with crude oil, gold and Bitcoin price returns, as well as the exchange rate of the Chinese Yuan Renminbi against the US Dollar (CNY/USD) using a vector error correction model (VECM), namely, maximum overlap discrete wavelet transformation (MODWT). Furthermore, individual and institutional investors may also reduce the risk of their investment portfolio by investing in commodities and stock markets from countries with a negative or substantially low correlation. Our VECM result shows that Bitcoin, crude oil and CNY/USD lead the other variables under consideration, indicating that changes in the prices of Bitcoin, crude oil and CNY/USD affect the US and Chinese stock market indices, as well as gold. Our research utilising the MODWT technique shows that Bitcoin leads crude oil at almost all levels, indicating that crude oil prices will respond to Bitcoin price movement in the long and medium term. However, investors may be deterred from using Bitcoin as a diversification tool due to its extreme volatility. The research also indicates that diversification with gold may help US investors. However, the continuous wavelet transformation finding shows that the diversification benefit effects will persist for a holding period of little more than 64 days. Our study results tend to emphasise the significance of using reasonably modern methods to identify diversification possibilities for investors with diverse investment horizons or holding stocks for various periods.
REIMAGINING FUTURE RELATIONS BETWEEN INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL LAW WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE PALESTINIAN SITUATION
Authors: Masood Maher Osama Nasser , Hamad Ahmed M A , Mat Rus Mukhriz
Published: April 2023

This paper examines the issue of the relationship between international and national law that leads to the gradation of laws. Is international law superior or inferior to national law? This question pushed the existing theoretical positions to find more convincing answers and practical solutions to this question. The article differentiates between two doctrines, the first is monism between international and national law, and the second is the dualism between international and national law. The status of international law in the national legal system is determined by the national constitution of each country. The article discusses a crucial issue associated with a substantial principle on which international law is based: the principle of state sovereignty and the critical relationship between international law and national law. The article aims to clarify the nature of the relationship with a specific reference to the experiences and challenges faced by the State of Palestine. To achieve the objectives of the article, doctrinal legal research methodology was adopted. Accordingly, this study concluded that there are two conflicting doctrines in determining the status of international law in the national legal system. Since the establishment of the State of Palestine and being a non-member observer state at the United Nations, the Palestinian legislature has adopted the doctrine of monism. The study would assist the international community in understanding the legal nature of the Palestinian constitutional system and its position related to the value of treaties in Palestine. The study emphasises the need to harmonise Palestinian legislation in order to be in line with international treaties.
İslam Din Dersi Öğretim Programı Kazanımlarının Kök Değerler Bakımından İncelenmesi: Almanya Baden Württemberg Örneği
Authors: YAZGAN Şenay
Published: April 2023

Bu çalışmada Almanya'nın Baden Württemberg eyaletinde verilen İslâm Din Dersi'nin ilköğretim ve ortaöğretim programlarının değerler açısından incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Amaç kapsamında Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı'nın kök değerleri esas alınarak 10 analiz kategorisi bu değer isimlerinden oluşturulmuştur. Nitel araştırma yöntemine uygun olan çalışmada doküman incelemesi ile elde edilen veriler içerik analizi tekniği ile çözümlenmiştir. Bulguların yorumlanmasında literatür taramasından, Almanya'da verilen diğer derslerin öğretim programlarından kıyaslama yapılarak yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, program kazanımlarında kök değerlere yer verildiği görülmüş, ilköğretim ve ortaöğretim programlarının değer anlayışının öz denetimli ve sorumlu insan olmak üzerine temellendirildiği tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma sonunda elde edilen bulgulara göre ilköğretim ve ortaöğretim düzeyindeki programda toplam 142 kazanım içersinde değer içeren kazanımlardan en fazla önemsenen değer 13 kez geçen öz denetim değeridir. Bu değerleri sırasıyla saygı (11), sorumluluk (10), vatanseverlik (7), adalet (4), dostluk (2), dürüstlük (3), sevgi (2) ve yardımseverlik (1) değerleri takip etmektedir. Bu değerler Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı tarafından öne çıkarılan kök değerlerle belli oranda örtüşmektedir. Buna karşın sabır değerine ilişkin bir kazanım olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma sonunda, İslâm Din Dersi öğretim programı kazanımlarında bazı değerlere doğrudan yer verilmese de bu değerlere işaret eden bir içeriğe sahip olduğu ancak programın analiz kategorisi olarak ele alınan kök değerler açısından yeterlilik düzeyinde olmadığı tespit edilmiş ve programın değerleri öne çıkaran bir yapıda geliştirilmesine yönelik önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Din Kültürü ve Ahlak Bilgisi Dersinde Ters Yüz Sınıf Modelinin Öğrencilerin Akademik Başarılarına Etkisi
Authors: ÖZCAN İbrahim , DAM Hasan
Published: April 2023

Bu araştırmada, Din Kültürü ve Ahlak Bilgisi dersinde ters yüz sınıf modelinin öğrencilerin akademik başarısına etkisi incelenmiştir. Çalışmada, nicel araştırma desenlerinden olan ön test son test kontrol gruplu deneysel desen kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın örneklemini, 2020-2021 öğretim yılında Ordu Başöğretmen ortaokulunda öğrenim gören 203 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Deney grubu öğrencilerine ters yüz sınıf modeline dayalı olarak geliştirilen ders öncesi videolar ve sınıf içi etkinlikler uygulanmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri, araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen “Akademik Başarı Testi” ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde, deney ve kontrol grubunda yer alan öğrencilerin bağımlı değişkene ilişkin ön test ve son test puanlarının karşılaştırılmasında ilişkili örneklemler t-testi, deney ve kontrol grubu ön test ve son test puanlarının karşılaştırılması için ise bağımsız örneklemler t-testi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda, kontrol grubu öğrencilerinin akademik başarı son test puan ortalaması ile deney grubu öğrencilerinin akademik başarı son test puan ortalaması arasında deney grubu lehine anlamlı fark olduğu tespit edilmiştir [t(201)=5,41; p<0,05].
التّناصُّ المَرئيُّ لقضية التّطبيعِ مع إسرائيل في المَواِقعِ الإلكترونيّةِ للقَنواتِ الفَضائيّةِ المُوجّهةِ
Authors: جواد أيمن كامل
Published: April 2023

يهدف البحث الى الكشف عن أساليب التناص المرئي المستعملة في المواقع الإلكترونيةِ للقنوات الفضائية الموجّهة باللغة العربية لقضية التطبيع مع «إسرائيل»، وبيان مصادر الصور المُتناصة وانواعها فضلا عن الآلياتِ المنهجية والسيميائية لتحليل تناصّ الصورِ الإخبارية المستعملة في موقعِ قناة «الحرة» للمدة من ١/٦-٣٠/٨/٢٠٢٢، التي تضمنت (٩٤) صورةً، اعتمد منها الباحث (٣٧) صورةً ذاتَ أبعاد تناصية، مستبعدًا (٥٧) صورة، لم تَحمل دَلالاتٍ تتوافق مع مدخلات وأهداف البحث.وقد توصل البحث الى نتائج اهمها:1 - اعتماد موقع قناة «الحرة» على التناص المرئي لقضية التطبيع على النحو الذي يتناسب مع اجنداتها اذ اعتمدت القناة على التناص مع بعض الصور المنشورة في مواقع متعددة لربط الصور وتأطيرها بمعنًى معينٍ لدى الجمهور بغية ترسيخِها في الذهن، فضلا عن انها حاولت تغييرِ المعنى الذي جسدته بعضُ الصورِ إلى دَلالاتٍ تنسجمُ مع أُطروحاتها.
2- واظهرت النتائج تعدد أساليب توظيف التناص المرئي بما ينسجمُ مع مقاصد القناة نحو التطبيعِ مع «إسرائيل»؛ إذ جاء في مقدمتها أسلوبُ التضافر والمحاكاة، ثم جاء أسلوب التشويش وأسلوب القطع في المرتبة الثانية، بعدها أسلوب التحريف، وأخيرًا أسلوب القلب أو العكس. كما أثبتت النتائجُ أن موقعَ قناة «الحرة» وازَن في استعمال الصورِ الشخصية والموضوعيةِ بنسبٍ متقاربة مع موادِّه الإخباريةِ، وبما يتوافقُ مع طبيعةِ الأحداثِ الخاصة بالقضية.
 
 

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Nitrogen use efficiency and yield of BRRI dhan46 as influenced by deep placement of N fertilizers under flooded condition
Authors: Islam Md Rafiqul , Tabassum Nazia , Akhter Mst. Tazmin , Hossen Kawsar , Hossain Md Anwar
Published: April 2023

An experiment was conducted at the Soil Science Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during aman season of 2015 to evaluate the effect of deep placement of N fertilizers on nitrogen use efficiency and yield of BRRI dhan46 under flooded condition. The soil was silt loam in texture having pH 6.27, organic matter content 1.95%, total N 0.14%, available P 3.16 ppm, exchangeable K 0.09 me% and available S 10.5 ppm. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. There were eight treatment combinations including T1 (Control), T2 (PU, 104kgN/ha), T3 (USG, 104kgN/ha), T4 (USG, 78kg N/ha), T5 (USG, 52kg N/ha), T6 (NPK briquette, 104kgN/ha) and T7 (NPK briquette, 78kg N/ha) and T8 (NPK briquette, 52kg N/ha). All the treatments except T6, T7 and T8 received 20 kg P and 50 kg K/ha as TSP and MoP, respectively. Treatments T6, T7, T8 received NPK briquettes fertilizer. Prilled urea was applied in three equal splits. USG and NPK briquettes were applied at 10 DAT and the briquettes were placed at 8-10 cm depth in the center of four hills in alternate rows. The yield attributes, and grain and straw yields of BRRI dhan46 responded significantly to the application of PU, USG and NPK briquettes under flooded condition. The highest yields of grain (5828 kg/ha) and straw (6116 kg/ha) were recorded in T3 and the lowest values of grain and straw yields (3522 and 3783 kg/ha, respectively) were found in the control. Deep placement of N fertilizers also enhanced the N use efficiency, N uptake and apparent recovery by BRRI dhan46. The maximum N use efficiency (22.17 kg grain increase per kg N applied) was found in T3 and the minimum value (9.31 kg grain increase per kg N applied) was recorded in T8. The results reveal that the deep placement of USG (104 kg N/ha) accelerated the N uptake, N recovery and N use efficiency by BRRI dhan46 as compared to other treatments. Therefore, application of 104 kg N/ha as USG may be recommended for profitable cultivation of aman rice, BRRI dhan46.

Asian Australas. J. Biosci. Biotechnol. 2017, 2 (3), 219-225
High prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among Bangladeshi women deserves attention
Authors: Banik Palash Chandra , Zaman M Mostafa
Published: April 2023

The high prevalence of MSDs among Bangladeshi adults especially women are a significant public health issue that needs urgent attention. By taking action to address this issue, we can improve the quality of life for millions of women in Bangladesh.
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Journal 2023;16(1): 01
Utility of multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction for the detection of bacteria from sputum samples of community acquired pneumonia patients: A study from Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Afroz Sonia , Alam Fatema Mohammad , Saleheen Rafique Us , Arafat Md Yasir , Paul Rupash , Khatun Aysha , Sajid Khandaker Md. Tasnim , Sattar Abu Naser Ibne , Miah Md Ruhul Amin
Published: April 2023

Background: This study was carried out to evaluate the utility of multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to identify the common bacterial agents of community acquired pneumonia (CAP).
Methods: Sputum and blood samples were collected from 80 clinically suspected CAP patients in three tertiary-level hospitals in Dhaka city. Multiplex real-time PCR assay was carried out to simultaneously detect five common bacterial agents of CAP; Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, and Legionella pneumophila. Routine microbiological methods and serology were carried out. The results of PCR were compared with culture, Gram stain and serology.
Results: Among the 80 patients, sputum samples of 35 (43.7%) patients were positive by PCR, of which the most commonly detected bacteria were S. pneumoniae (25/35, 71.4%), followed by H. influenzae (9/35, 25.7%) and L. pneumophila (1/35, 2.9%). All 80 sputum samples were negative for both M. pneumoniae and C. pneumoniae by PCR. Out of the 26 culture positive sputum samples, 8 (30.7%) were positive for S. pneumoniae and 1 (3.8%) was positive for H. influenzae. Among the 52 Gram stain valid sputum samples, 24 (46.1%) were S. pneumoniae and 7 (13.5%) were H. influenzae. By serology, out of the 80 cases, M. pneumoniae was detected in 32 (40%) and C. pneumoniae in 24 (30%) of cases. Mixed infections comprised of 38.8% (31/80) cases.
Conclusion: Multiplex real-time PCR is useful for the rapid and simultaneous detection of bacterial pathogens of CAP in sputum and can help support traditional laboratory methods for the accurate diagnosis of CAP patients.
Hemophilia in a newborn without family history: A case report
Authors: Akter Shahana
Published: April 2023

Haemophilia is the most frequent diagnosed inborn clotting factor deficiency in newborn. Studies reveal that majority of hemophilia A cases are due to an inversion of the long arm of X-chromosome. Newborns with hemophilia are at risk of intracranial and extracranial hemorrhage, and other bleeding complications. Diagnostic criteria for haemophilia include confirmation of a factor activity level below 40% of normal (below 0.40 IU/mL), or a hemophilia gene mutation. Haemophilia typically result in an isolated prolongation of the activated partial thromboplastin time. However, the definitive diagnosis requires measurement of factors VIII and IX levels. Here, we describe a newborn with cephalhematoma gastrointestinal bleeding that is the manifestation of neonatal haemophilia with antenatally diagnosed duodenal atresia and there is no positive family history. This case shows a rare hemophilia presentation reflecting the importance of coagulation studies when faced with unexplained bleeding.
Polya partial gastrectomy for megaduodenum: A case report
Authors: Ullah Abu Saleh Md Oli
Published: April 2023

Megaduodenum is an extremely rare condition in children presenting with features of duodenal obstruction. It may be associated with bands and adhesions. However, when the obstruction is chronic and functional, mere excision of the band and adhesionolysis is not curative. Some form of bypass procedure is required for its successful treatment. Here we are describing polya partial gastrectomy in a 13-year-old girl suffering from megadoudenum for its successful treatment.
Ý định khởi nghiệp của thanh neien vùng đồng bào dân tộc thiểu số và miền núi – Nghiên cứu tại tỉnh Hà Giang, Việt Nam
Authors: Vũ Quỳnh Nam , Nguyễn Quang Hợp
Published: April 2023

Nghiên cứu nhằm mục đích phân tích các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến ý định khởi nghiệp của thanh niên vùng đồng bào dân tộc thiểu số và miền núi tại tỉnh Hà Giang thông qua kết quả khảo sát 330 thanh niên. Bằng phương pháp thống kê mô tả và phương pháp phân tích dữ liệu đa biến (Cronbach’s Alpha, EFA và phương pháp hồi quy). Kết quả nghiên cứu đã chỉ ra các yếu tố ảnh hưởng tới ý định khởi nghiệp của thanh niên tỉnh Hà Giang gồm: yếu tố văn hoá; nguồn vốn; thái độ, quan điểm đối với khởi nghiệp; nhận thức kiểm soát hành vi; giáo dục khởi sự kinh doanh; kinh nghiệm khởi sự kinh doanh; thể chế; các yếu tố tính cách cá nhân. Từ đó, đề xuất một số giải pháp thúc đẩy khởi nghiệp trong thanh niên tỉnh trong thời gian tới, nhằm tự tạo việc làm, nâng cao thu nhập cho bản thân và cho xã hội.
Contribuições da fotografia para a pesquisa qualitativa: uma perspectiva histórico-cultural
Authors: Ferreira de Faria Paula Maria , Camargo Denise de
Published: April 2023

Com o avanço recente dos recursos tecnológicos, a produção de fotografias se popularizou cada vez mais em todos os contextos da atividade humana. Especificamente no âmbito da pesquisa qualitativa, a fotografia tem sido usada principalmente como instrumento para a produção de dados. Muitas vezes, contudo, a forma como é utilizada não contempla as potencialidades desse recurso, deixando de considerar a expressão das subjetividades de pesquisadores e participantes da pesquisa em seu contexto cultural e histórico de produção. A partir dos pressupostos da Psicologia Histórico-Cultural de Lev Vigotski, este artigo de cunho teórico tece reflexões acerca do uso da fotografia em pesquisas qualitativas; enfatiza também a necessidade de considerar as imagens fotográficas como elementos que conferem significado e possibilitam a construção de novos sentidos à fotografia. Busca-se, assim, contribuir a uma compreensão da utilização dos registros fotográficos, que coadune os pressupostos de uma abordagem realmente qualitativa de pesquisa.
Severe Adverse Events of Periocular Acupuncture: A Review of Cases
Authors: Lee Sang-Mok , Wu Jun , Hwang Daniel Duck-Jin
Published: April 2023

Acupuncture is recognized as a component of alternative medicine and is increasingly used worldwide. Many studies have shown the various effects of acupuncture around the eyes for ophthalmologic or nonophthalmologic conditions. For ophthalmologic conditions, the effect of acupuncture on dry eye syndrome, glaucoma, myopia, amblyopia, ophthalmoplegia, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, blepharospasm, and blepharoptosis has been reported. Recently, several studies on dry eye syndrome have been reported and are in the spotlight. However, given the variety of study designs and reported outcomes of periocular acupuncture, research is still inconclusive, and further studies are required. In addition, although a systematic and reliable safety assessment is required, to the best of our knowledge, there have been no reports of a literature review of ocular complications resulting from periocular acupuncture. This review collected cases of ocular injury as severe adverse events from previously published case reports of periocular acupuncture. A total of 14 case reports (15 eyes of 14 patients) of adverse events published between 1982 and 2020 were identified. This review article provides a summary of the reported cases and suggestions for the prevention and management of better visual function prognosis.
Utility of Quality by Design approach in RP-HPLC method development for quantification of lamivudine and effavirenz in combination formulation
Authors: KOPPİSETTY Bhagavan Rajesh Babu , PRASAD Prof. Y. Rajendra , AMGOTH Krishna Manjari Pawar , YARRAGUNTLA Srinivasa Rao , DADI Vasudha , TATAPUDI Hemant Kumar
Published: April 2023

Objective: For the measurement of lamivudine(LAM) and effavirenz (EVZ) in combination formulation, a uncomplicated and reliable liquid chromatographic approach has been proposed.

Material and Method: Multivariate optimization of the RP-HPLC method, experimental conditions were accomplished using the design of experiments (DoE). The crucial method parameters were determined by a risk assessment. The mathematical models were created using three independent variables: percentage of acetonitrile, percentage of methanol, and buffer pH. The impacts of these independent elements were thoroughly investigated using the central composite design (CCD), which was utilized to analyze the response surface methodology.

Result and Discussion: The LAM and EVZ retention time and resolution were both concurrently optimized using the desirability function. Acetonitrile, methanol, and phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) in the proportions of 40:20:40 v/v each were used in the optimized and anticipated data from the contour diagram, with detection occurring at a wavelength of 215 nm. Baseline separation of both pharmaceuticals with high resolution and a run time of under 6 minutes was accomplished under these ideal conditions. The validated test parameters followed ICH recommendations. As a consequence, the findings demonstrated that the Quality by Design methodology could be successfully used to optimize the RP-HPLC technique for the concurrent quantification of LAM and EVZ.
Vaccine-induced immunity and protection against invasive meningococcal serogroup ACWY disease in the Netherlands
Authors:   , Ohm Milou
Published: April 2023

Worldwide, the meningococcal bacterium is responsible for a severe, and sometimes lethal infection: invasive meningococcal disease (IMD). Infection can quickly progress into severe illness or death, despite quick and adequate medical care including antibiotic treatment. Vaccination is crucial in the prevention of IMD by inducing the production of antibodies that prevent development of this disease. In the Netherlands, meningococcal serogroep C (MenC) vaccination was included in the national immunization program (NIP) for children 14 months of age in 2002. Because of an outbreak of IMD caused by serogroup W, MenC vaccination was replaced by a MenACWY vaccination at age 14 months in 2018. In addition, MenACWY vaccination was implemented at the age of 14 years and a catch-up campaign for 14-18 year-olds was performed in 2018-19. This campaign in 2018-2019 was very effective; a reduction of 82% in the number of IMD-W disease cases was found among vaccinated minors and 100% reduction in teenagers. We evaluated protective antibody levels at all ages in consecutive population-based serosurveys in the Dutch population. We found that meningococcal seroprevalence was low, except in vaccinated groups, implicating the need for meningococcal immunization strategies in case of future outbreaks. We estimated that the duration of protection after a MenACWY vaccination ranges from several years in adults to more than 30 years in adolescents. Finally, we showed that in case of immune modulating medication as in case of rheumatic disease or inflammatory bowel disease, targeted extra immunizations may be required. In conclusion, this thesis contributed to knowledge on meningococcal immunity after MenACWY vaccination and the protection on population level in the Netherlands.