bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Providing a Prediction Model to the Output Power of a Wave Energy Converter by Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Mousavi Seyed Milad , Ghasemi Majid , Dehghan Manshadi Mahsa , Mosavi Amir
Published: March 2021

The technologies pertaining to ocean waves has been continuously improving since its creation and the major focus is to come up with accurate predication of power generation from the oceans waves. The precise forecast can not only reduce costs for investment but also it is essential for management and operation of electrical power. The purpose of the current paper is to numerically investigate a new economical wave energy converter named “Searaser”. The simulation is done with Flow-3D software which has high capability in analyzing the fluid solid interactions. by collecting the experimental data of another study and the exerted data which is from numerical simulation, the wind speed and output power are related with a long short term memory (LSTM). By doing comparative analysis between these data, it can be concluded that the artificial intelligence method is so accurate and fast. The network output figures show a good agreement and the root mean square is 0.49 in mean value which was related to the accuracy of LSTM method. One of the novelties of this study is to provide a scatter plot that generates power in terms of wind speed. Due to the accumulation of data, the power can be predicted for other wind speeds by using the intermediate values. Furthermore, the mathematical relation between the generated power and wave height was introduced by curve fitting the power function to the result of LSTM method.
Gol'denveizer Problem of Elastic Torus
Authors: Sun Bohua
Published: March 2021

The Gol'denveizer problem of a torus can be described as follows: a toroidal shell is loaded under axial forces and the outer and inner equators are loaded with opposite balanced forces. Gol'denveizer pointed out that the membrane theory of shells is unable to predict deformation in this problem, as it yields diverging stress near the crowns. Although the problem has been studied by Audoly and Pomeau (2002) with the membrane theory of shells, the problem is still far from resolved within the framework of bending theory of shells. In this paper, the bending theory of shells is applied to formulate the Gol'denveizer problem of a torus. To overcome the computational difficulties of the governing complex-form ordinary differential equation (ODE), the complex-form ODE is converted into a real-form ODE system. Several numerical studies are carried out and verified by finite-element analysis. Investigations reveal that the deformation and stress of an elastic torus are sensitive to the radius ratio, and the Gol'denveizer problem of a torus can only be fully understood based on the bending theory of shells.
Discrete-Impulse Energy Supply in Milk and Dairy Products Processing
Authors: Droździel Pawel , Vitenko Tetiana , Voroshchuk Viktor , Narizhnyy Sergiy , Snizhko Olha
Published: March 2021

The basis of the discrete-impulse energy supply (DIES) concept is the efficient use of supplied energy. The references describe in detail the general principles of DIES, examine the energy and thermodynamic aspects and the main mechanisms of intensification that can be initiated on the basis of this principle. DIES mechanisms conveniently can be divided into hard and soft ones. The former should be used to stimulate hydromechanical processes, and the latter to accelerate the processes of phase heat and mass transfer, or for the purpose of intensive mixing of multicomponent media. The authors have studied the possibility of using DIES to intensify the hydromechanical processes, in particular emulsification of milk fat (homogenization of milk, preparation of spreads), processing of cream cheese masses. Objects of research were whole non-homogenized milk, fat emulsions, cream cheese mass. In order to evaluate the efficiency of milk homogenization the homogenization coefficient change was studied, which was determined by centrifugation method as the most affordable and accurate one. Emulsions were evaluated according to the degree of destabilization, resistance and dispersion of the fat phase. The rheological characteristics of cheese masses were evaluated by the effective viscosity change.
Gravitational instability and the formation of planetary systems of solar-type stars
Authors: Legkostupov Mikhail Semenovich
Published: March 2021

The fundamental principles of the protoplanetary ring model – the model of formation of planetary systems of stars, which is based on the origin and development of large-scale gravitational instabilities (protoplanetary rings) – are extended to the formation of regular planetary satellites. Based on these principles, a complete model of the formation of planetary systems, including their satellites, (model of gas and dust rings) for solar-type stars is proposed.
Functional characteristics of PMJ2-R macrophages
Authors:   V.N.Orekhovich Research Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kozhin P.M. ,   Research and Manufacturing Association ‘Perspektiva,’ Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, Rusanov A.L. ,   V.N.Orekhovich Research Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russian Federation, Shoshina O.O. ,   V.N.Orekhovich Research Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russian Federation, Luzgina N.G. ,   V.N.Orekhovich Research Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: March 2021

Objective. To evaluate the ability of PMJ2-R cells for classical and alternative activation and to assess the effect of oxidized dextran on the functional status of polarized cells of this line. OD is a promising lysosomotropic agent used for targeted drug delivery to phagocytic cells. Materials and methods. We analyzed ability of immortalized murine peritoneal macrophages PMJ2R (ATCC CRL2458) to classical and alternative polarization, including that upon exposure to OD. We used real-time polymerase chain reaction to assess gene expression of competing arginine pathways. The capacity of phagocytes to engulf zymosan granules was evaluated using fluorescence microscopy. Results. We observed metabolic changes in PMJ2-R cells following their classical and alternative activation; these changes were typical of M1 and M2 macrophages, respectively. M1 macrophages demonstrated most active phagocytosis, while the activity of phagocytosis in M2 macrophages increased dose-dependently upon AD exposure. OD upregulates production of proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α in intact PMJ2-R cells and M1 macrophages. Conclusion. PMJ2-R cells have the capacity to phagocytose particles, can be polarized via the classical and alternative pathway, can modulate their functional activity in response to OD (a macrophagotropic substance), and exhibit the main phenotypic properties typical of peritoneal macrophages from C57Bl/6J mice. Therefore, cells of this line can be used as model cells in the investigation of phagocytic cell biology and pathology. Key words: alternative activation, classical activation, oxidized dextran, peritoneal macrophages, phagocytosis, C57Bl/6J, PMJ2-R
The study of dual HIV infection prevalence in Russia
Authors:   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Moscow, Russian Federation, Lapovok I.A. , Saleeva D.V. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kirichenko A.A. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Moscow, Russian Federation, Murzakova A.V. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Moscow, Russian Federation, Lopatukhin А.E. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kireev D.E. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: March 2021

Objective. To develop and validate the method of dual HIV infection detection based on the results of Sanger sequencing and to evaluate of dual HIV infection frequency in Russia. Materials and methods. We carried out the sequencing of HIV-1 pol gene fragment in model samples of dual HIV infection, the calculation of degeneracy bases index (DB-index), and the index of synonymity (SM-index) and determination of their threshold values for dual HIV infection detection. We analyzed nucleotide sequences of the pol gene fragment in HIV-1 samples (n = 1561) taken from Russian patients. Results. The threshold values of 34 for the DB-index and 0.05 for the SM-index allow detecting effectively the dual HIV infection using reverse transcriptase (RT) and protease-reverse transcriptase (PR-RT) fragments of the pol gene correspondingly. At total 21 (1.35%) dual HIV-infected samples (18 of which were collected in 2014 and later) were revealed in the collection studied; 12 of them were obtained from patients residing in the Central Federal District. An inverse correlation between the likelihood of dual HIV infection detecting and the duration of the patient's infection was found. In total, 11 out of 21 samples with dual HIV infection had mutations associated with drug resistance; 7 of them (33.3%) had substitutions that were not associated with natural polymorphism of HIV-1. Conclusion. The problem of dual HIV infection in Russia is actual and requires further study. Key words: HIV, dual HIV infection, drug resistance, nucleotide sequence, DB-index, SM-index, PR-RT region
Efficacy and safety of bulevirtide in the treatment of chronic hepatitis D: results of randomized controlled trials
Authors:   M.F.Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation, Bogomolov P.О. , Ivashkin V.T. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Bueverov А.О. ,   M.F.Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Syutkin V.Е. ,   Russian State Research Center – Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russian Federation,   N.V.Sklifosovskii Research Institute for Emergency Medicine of Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russian Federation, Sagalova O.I. ,   South Ural State Medical University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Sleptsova S.S. ,   M.K.Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Russian Federation, Yushuk N.D. ,   A.I.Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation, Gusev D.А. ,   S.P.Botkin Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Zhdanov K.V. ,   Military Medical Academy named after S.M.Kirov, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Chulanov V.P. ,   National Medical Research Center of Phthisiopulmonology and Infectious Diseases, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: March 2021

Randomized controlled comparative open trials were conducted for bulevirtide, a first-in-class HBV and HDV entry inhibitor. Objective. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of bulevirtide (monotherapy and combination therapy with pegylated interferon alpha (pegIFN)) in chronic hepatitis D (CHD) patients. Trials results in 48 weeks of treatment demonstrated high rates of virologic response with monotherapy (60%, median HDV RNA decline 2.84 log10 IU/mL) and with combination therapy (100%, median HDV RNA decline 5.21 log10 IU/mL, HDV RNA negativation in 80% patients, maintained virologic response in 24 weeks after treatment completion – in 73% patients); biochemical response with monotherapy (ALT normalization in 73% patients); serological response with combination therapy (HBsAg clearance rate 47%, HBsAg negativation – 20% HBsAg-seroconversion – 13%); bulevirtide superiority over peginterferon alpha in terms of efficacy; good safety profile and tolerability of bulevirtide, lack of drug discontinuation due to adverse events (AEs), serious drug-related AEs, high adherence to treatment. Bulevirtide is recommended as a first-line treatment for CHD as a part of combination therapy with pegIFN and as monotherapy (in patients with contraindications to PegIFN or PegIFN intolerability). Key words: chronic hepatitis D, bulevirtide, combination therapy with pegylated interferon
Outlooks of synthetic mycobacterial antigens in serological diagnostics of leprosy
Authors:   State Research Center of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Korolyova-Ushakova A.G. ,   Obolensk, Russian Federation, Baranova E.V. ,   State Research Center of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing; Obolensk, Russian Federation, Ignatov S.G. ,   State Research Center of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing; Obolensk, Russian Federation, Solov’ev P.V. ,   State Research Center of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing; Obolensk, Russian Federation, Biketov S.F. ,   State Research Center of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing; Obolensk, Russian Federation, Abronina P.I. ,   N.D.Zelinskiy Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kondakov N.N. ,   N.D.Zelinskiy Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation, Mel'nikova T.M. ,   N.D.Zelinskiy Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kononov L.O. ,   N.D.Zelinskiy Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation, Saroyantc L.V. ,   Research Institute for Leprosy, Astrakhan, Russian Federation, Naumov V.Z. ,   Research Institute for Leprosy, Astrakhan, Russian Federation, Duy'ko V.V. ,   Research Institute for Leprosy, Astrakhan, Russian Federation
Published: March 2021

Despite the fact that the incidence of leprosy in Russia is sporadic, the number of newly identified patients has increased in recent years. In 2017–2018, 4 new cases of leprosy were registered in Russia. The standard methods of research for diagnosis, in addition to the clinical picture, are bacterioscopic study of the skin scarificates and histological study of the skin biopsy specimen. Currently, additional methods are being developed and used to confirm the diagnosis of leprosy, namely, modern serological and genetic diagnostic methods. To use methods such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and membrane immunochromatographic analysis (leprosy LF serotest), it is appropriate to use domestic synthetic mycobacterial antigens (SMA). Key words: Mycobacterium leprae, leprosy, synthetic mycobacterial antigens, PGL-1(phenolic glycolipid-1), LAM (lipoarabinomannan), serodiagnostics, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), lateral flow (LF) test, BSA (bovine serum albumin)
Minimally invasive open reduction by a modified suture bridge with anchors for avulsion-type greater tuberosity fracture of the humerus
Authors: Kong Lingpeng , Yang Juanjuan , Yang Yongliang , Wang Fu
Published: March 2021

Background: This study aims to describe a modified surgical method of minimally invasive open reduction by a modified suture bridge with anchors for avulsion-type greater tuberosity fracture of the humerus and to evaluate its clinical effectiveness.Methods: From January 2015 to January 2018, 16 patients who were diagnosed with an avulsion-type greater tuberosity fracture of the proximal humerus and treated with minimally invasive open reduction by modified suture bridges with anchors were retrospectively studied. All patients were followed up with clinical examination and radiographs at 3 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after surgery and then every 6 months. Outcomes were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively with the visual analog scale (VAS), the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) shoulders score, the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score (ASES), and the range of motion (ROM) for shoulders.Results: There were 7 males and 9 females with an average age of 44.94 years. Six fractures involved the left shoulder, and 10 involved the right shoulder. The time between injury and operation ranged from 1 to 5 days, with an average of 2.32 days. The average length of stay was 6.5 ± 0.85 days; the mean operation time was 103.1 ± 7.23 minutes; and the mean amount of operative blood loss was 51.88 ± 6.40 ml. All patients achieved bone union within 3 months after surgery. The VAS score significantly decreased at 3 weeks postoperatively (p = 0.002), as did the average degree of forward elevation (p = 0.047). The mean degree of abduction increased at 6 weeks after the operation (p = 0.035), and the average degree of external rotation and internal rotation improved at 3 months postoperatively (p = 0.012; p = 0.007). The ASES score and the UCLA score improved at the 6-week follow-up (p = 0.092; p = 0.029). No procedure-related death or incision-related superficial or deep tissue infection was identified in any case. No iatrogenic neurovascular injuries or fractures were found in this study.Conclusion: The fracture block was fixed firmly by minimally invasive open reduction with a modified suture bridge with anchors. Patients were allowed to move their shoulder early after surgery and recovered quickly. It is an efficient method for the treatment of avulsion-type greater tuberosity fractures of the humerus.
LncRNA SUMO1P3 aggravates doxorubicin-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis by targeting miR-93-5p / Bin1
Authors: Lin Xuefeng , Ma Aiqun
Published: March 2021

Background: Non-coding RNA plays a critical role in myocardial apoptosis induced by doxorubicin (DOX). However, the specific function of Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) small ubiquitin-like modifier 1 pseudogene 3 (SUMO1P3) is unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of lncRNA SUMO1P3 in myocardial apoptosis induced by DOX. Methods: QRT-PCR were used to detect the expression levels of SUMO1P3 and miR-93-5p in DOX-treated primary cardiomyocytes and rat models. QRT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression levels of Bin1 in DOX-treated primary cardiomyocytes and rat models. The relationship between SUMO1P3, miR-93-5p and Bin1 was analyzed using bioinformatics analysis and Luciferase reporter assay. The effects of DOX on the viability and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes were evaluated by flow cytometry and CCK-8. The effects of SUMO1P3 on cardiomyocyte apoptosis were analyzed by TUNEL staining and echocardiography. Results: In DOX-treated primary cardiomyocytes and rat models, the expression levels of SUMO1P3 and Bin1 were significantly increased, while the expression levels of miR-93-5p were significantly reduced. MiR-93-5p was a direct target gene of SUMO1P3, and Bin1 was a direct target gene of miR-93-5p. In addition, miR-93-5p reversed the protective effect of SUMO1P3 knockout on cardiomyocytes by inhibiting the expression of Bin1. Conclusions: SUMO1P3 inhibited DOX-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis through miR-93-5p/Bin1 axis.
Transfusion Practices In Advanced Cancer Patients
Authors: Marote Sara , Marinho Joana , Silva Maria Cândida , Gonçalves José António Ferraz
Published: March 2021

Purpose: Anemia is highly prevalent in patients with advanced cancer and adversely affects quality of life. There is limited data on the frequency, clinical utility and effectiveness of red blood cell transfusions (RBC), and no randomized controlled trials or clinical practice guidelines are available. The aim of this study was to evaluate clinician practices on RBC transfusion in an oncologic palliative care service (PCS) and its impact in patients’ symptoms, adverse events and overall survival.Methods: Retrospective analyses of all advanced cancer patients who received RBC transfusions admitted, during a 3-year period. Pre-blood counts, reason for transfusion, subjective benefit and objective outcomes were listed.Results: We identified 179 patients with a mean age of 67 years. A total of 435 RBC units, during 301 transfusion episodes were recorded. Asthenia/fatigue was the most frequent symptom (68%). The mean pretransfusion hemoglobin (Hb) was 6.85 g/dL and 48% patients had an Hb above 7 g/dL. Symptomatic benefit was achieved in 36% of patients. Adverse events were reported in 4%, with a 30-day survival rate of 57%. A statistically significant association between ECOG performance status (ECOG-PS) and symptomatic benefit was found (p=0.005). Hemoglobin level pre-transfusion, ECOG-PS and symptomatic benefit with transfusions were significantly associated with survival.Conclusion: This study suggests that advanced cancer patients with a higher level of functioning may have a bigger benefit from RBC transfusion. Post-transfusion symptomatic benefit, and pre-transfusion ECOG-PS and hemoglobin levels seem to be independent predictors of survival. Further studies are needed to develop validated measures of objective functional changes to evaluate the clinical impact of transfusions and to identify patients most likely to benefit from it.
What’s for Dinner? Assessing the Value of an Edible Invasive Species and Outreach Actions to Promote Its Consumption
Authors: Cerveira Inês , Baptista Vânia , Teodósio Maria Alexandra , Morais Pedro
Published: March 2021

Promoting the consumption of edible aquatic invasive species has gained popularity to minimize its impacts while easing pressure on native resources. Weakfish Cynoscion regalis (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) is one of the most recent invasive fish species in the Iberian Peninsula (Europe) which once sustained an important fishery in the native range (Northwest Atlantic Ocean). Portugal ranks third in the list of the world’s top fish consumers, so promoting a weakfish fishery could at least help minimize the impacts upon native species, since weakfish have innate traits that are likely appreciated by Portuguese fish consumers. However, introducing a new species to consumers is challenging owing to consumers’ habits and unfamiliarity with the species. So, we aimed to (i) evaluate the acceptance of weakfish by a panel of Portuguese fish consumers and (ii) create outreach actions – partnerships with local Chefs and press releases – to explain to a broader public what invasive species are and promote the consumption of edible aquatic invasive species. The survey that we conducted to Portuguese fish consumers showed that weakfish has great chances of being well accepted by the public – 90% of consumers would buy weakfish because they appreciated its appearance, flavour, and texture, besides being a wild fish. The outreach actions reached a few million people because 46 online articles were published, and three news pieces broadcasted on national television. Overall, our strategy greatly increased the public’s awareness about invasive species, which can be replicated elsewhere in the world.
Structure Identification of Fractional-order Complex-variable Network With Complex Coupling
Authors: Zhou Mingcong , Wu Zhaoyan
Published: March 2021

Fractional-order complex-variable dynamical network with complex coupling is considered in this paper. The topological structures and system parameters are assumed to be unknown. As we know, the topological structure and system parameters play a key role on the dynamical behavior of complex network. Thus, how to effectively identify them is a critical issue for better studying the network. Through designing proper controllers and updating laws, two corresponding network estimators are constructed. Based on the Lyapunov function method and Gronwall-Bellman integral inequality, the results are analytically derived. Finally, two numerical examples are performed to illustrate the feasibility of the theoretical results.
The Remanufacture of a Complex Part Using Hybrid Manufacturing (HM))
Authors: Barragan German Alberto , Ferreira Rodrigo Jose , Mariani Fabio , Silva Eraldo Jannone da , Coelho Reginaldo
Published: March 2021

The industrial importance of repair and remanufacturing processes has significantly increased over the past years, primarily due to their possible cost reductions and environmental benefits. Different techniques have been used for the development of such tasks in different areas, however, restrictions have been encountered in parts of high geometric complexity or those that require high mechanical performance. Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies are an interesting alternative for remanufacturing, due to their advantageous mechanical properties and possible application in operations involving complex geometries. Hybrid Manufacturing (HM) technologies, which combine the advantages of AM processes with CNC machining in the same machine, have arisen as a new method that modernizes the repair and remanufacturing of metal components and offers a range of possible combinations of materials. This article addresses a remanufacturing operation that involves the use of an HM applied to an AISI 1045 component repaired with the addition of AISI 316L steel. The properties of the final parts showed the viability of the process for the remanufacturing of components of different materials and complex geometry. The parameters and strategy employed for the deposition of the additive material allowed us to obtain a piece without significant porosity, cracks, or defects. Microstructure and hardness in the sample were like those obtained in other published works. The manufacture or remanufacturing of components by the Directed Energy Deposition process employing stainless steel deposition on top of carbon steels opens a wide range of new applications. Those include the deposition and machining of complex 3D geometries
Phytoremediation of Formaldehyde by Plant Stems
Authors: Zuo Lijun , Wu Dan , Yu Le , Yuan Yanping
Published: March 2021

Decorative plants can efficiently purify formaldehyde and improve the quality of indoor air. The existing studies primarily revealed that the aerial and underground parts of plants’ capacity to purify formaldehyde, while the performance of stems is unclear. A formaldehyde fumigation experiment was conducted on Pothos (Epipremnum aureum) and sacred lily (Rohdea japonica) in a sealed chamber. Results showed the stems could removal formaldehyde. The efficiency of removal by the stems of each plant was 0.089 mg∙m-3∙h-1 and 0.137 mg∙m-3∙h-1, respectively, the rate of purification was 40.0% and 61.6%, respectively. Both were related to plant species and the latter was affected by other factors like exposed area. To further explore the mechanism of phytoremediation, the correlation between the concentration of formaldehyde and CO2 during the experiment was investigated. Results showed when leaves of plants were exposed to formaldehyde, the concentration of CO2 increased with the decrease in concentration of formaldehyde, and the change in concentration of CO2 could be used as an indicator of the degree of purification of formaldehyde by the plants.
The effect of aerobic exercise on interoception and cognitive function in healthy university students: a non-randomized controlled trial
Authors: Amaya Yusaku , Abe Tetsuya , Kanbara Kenji , Shizuma Hisaharu , Akiyama Yasushi , Fukunaga Mikihiko
Published: March 2021

Background:Long-term aerobic exercise is a key intervention for improving cognitive function as well as enhancing musculoskeletal and cardiorespiratory system functions. Additionally, decision-making, in which cognitive function is involved, can be an important factor for initiating and maintaining exercise. According to Damasio’s somatic marker hypothesis, somatic experience plays a fundamental role in decision-making. Interoception is a sense of physiological information related to emotions and is known to influence cognitive function. Here, we investigated changes in interoception during moderate-intensity aerobic exercise at a level that could improve cognitive function.Methods:Healthy university students were divided into an exercise group (n = 37) and a control group (n = 11). The exercise group performed bench step exercises at an intensity of 50% heart rate reserve for 30 minutes a day, three times a week, for three months. Cognitive function was assessed by measuring auditory information/working memory processing speed with a Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task (PASAT), and interoceptive accuracy (IA) was measured with a heartbeat tracking task.Results:There was a significant positive correlation between IA and PASAT scores at pre-intervention. But exercise did not lead to a significant increase in PASAT scores in comparison with the control group. IA scores were improved at 2- and 3-month post-intervention only in the exercise group.Conclusions:This suggested that interoception may be associated with the improvement in cognitive function produced by long-term aerobic exercise. Further investigation is warranted to clarify the causal relationship between interoception and cognitive function during exercise interventions.Trial registration: UMIN, UMIN000042891. 04/01/2021, retrospectively registered.
Tat-NTS Suppresses The Proliferation, Migration and Invasion of Glioma Cells by Inhibiting Annexin-A1 Nuclear Translocation
Authors: Luo Zhenzhao , Liu Li , Li Xing , Chen Weiqun , Lu Zhongxin
Published: March 2021

Prevention of the nuclear translocation of Annexin-A1 with Tat-NTS (Trans-activator of transcription (Tat), nuclear translocation signal (NTS)) has recently been reported to alleviate neuronal injury and protect against cerebral stroke. However, the role that Tat-NTS plays in the occurrence and development of glioma still needs to be elucidated. Therefore, human glioma U87 cells were treated with various concentrations of Tat-NTS for 24 h, and cell proliferation, migration and invasion were determined with CCK-8 and Transwell assays, respectively. The results revealed that Tat-NTS significantly inhibited the nuclear translocation of Annexin-A1 in U87 cells, inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of U87 cells, and suppressed cell cycle regulatory protein expression and the activity and expression of MMP-2/MMP-9. Moreover, Tat-NTS reduced the level of p-p65 NF-κB in these cells. These results suggest that the Tat-NTS-induced inhibition of glioma cell proliferation, migration and invasion is closely associated with the induction of cell cycle arrest, the downregulation of MMP-2/-9 expression and activity and the suppression of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Thus, Tat-NTS may be a potential chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of glioma.
Ophthalmic Histiocytic Lesions: A Baseline Demographic and Clinicopathological Study of 28 Cases From 2 Eye Centers
Authors: Alzahem Tariq A. , Maktabi Azza M.Y. , ALKATAN HIND MANAA
Published: March 2021

Purpose: Ophthalmic histiocytic lesions comprise a heterogeneous rare group of disorders that are characterized by an abnormal proliferation of histiocytes and may affect all age groups of both genders. This rare group of diseases in the ophthalmic practice has not been previously studied in this area of the world and only individual cases reports were reported.Methods: This retrospective study has been approved on an expedited basis by the Human Ethics Committee/Institutional Review Board (HEC/IRB) at King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital (KKESH) with a collaborative agreement between KKESH and King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia aiming to collect all biopsied ocular and periocular histiocytic lesions from both centers from January 1993 to December 2018. The histopathological diagnosis was confirmed, and cases were re-classified by review of all histopathological slides. The corresponding demographic and clinical data were analyzed. Relevant literature review was also carried on for comparison of our collected analyzed data to published data and to draw our own conclusions.Results: A total of 34 ocular/periocular histiocytic lesions of 28 patients who were mostly Saudis (92.9%) were included. Male to female ratio was 4:3. The median age at presentation was 6.4 years (range: 2.8-35). Twenty-two patients had unilateral involvement and 6 patients had bilateral lesions. In Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH)=L group, the most common presenting findings were eyelid swelling (75%), periocular tenderness (37.5%), proptosis/globe displacement (37.5%) eyelid erythema (25%), and orbital pain (12.5%). In Rosai Dorfman disease (RDD)=C group, proptosis/globe displacement occurred in all patients, followed by decreased vision (80%). Patients with C group diseases had variable clinical features owing to the different locations of the histiocytic lesions with the majority involving the eyelids (66.7%). Diagnosis was accurately reached clinically in 38.8%, 33.7%, and 46.7% among patients in the L group, C group, and R group respectively. Overall, the clinical diagnosis was in concordance with the histopathologic diagnosis in 14 only out of 34 lesions (41.2%). Conclusions: We concluded that C group was the commonest histiocytic lesion encountered in about two-thirds of the lesions with particular prevalence of Juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG). The histiocytic disease is more likely to be overlooked clinically especially in this group owing to its rarity and is diagnosed mainly with the help of histopathological and immunohistochemical studies. The median age of presentation was higher for R group patients, while there was tendency for JXG to present at a later age compared to the published reports. Intraocular involvement was extremely rare. All L group cases were strictly unilateral disease, while RDD (C group) was most commonly bilateral. Future research on the genetic aspects, management, and prognosis are necessary.
Analysis on the Basic Essentials of Marine Engineering Safety Management in China's Coastal Areas
Authors: xueyingchun Xue yingchun , chenguoping chenguoping
Published: March 2021

China's coastal areas have developed fisheries and busy maritime trade, which leads to the need for a large number of ships in eastern China. Ensuring the safe navigation of ships has become the focus of national management. The main purpose of this paper is to improve the level of marine engine safety management. The safety check list and reverse management model are used to check and measure the marine engine safety. The results show that the test results are M1 = 95.81 and M2 = 96.35 respectively, which indicates that the safety model of reverse management plays a positive role in the actual operation.
Active Surveillance for Thyroid Cancer: A Qualitative Study of Barriers and Facilitators to Implementation
Authors: Jensen Catherine B. , Saucke Megan C. , Pitt Susan C.
Published: March 2021

Background: The 2015 American Thyroid Association guidelines supported active surveillance (AS) as a strategy for managing select low-risk thyroid cancers. Data examining physicians’ attitudes about the acceptability of this option are limited. This study aimed to characterize the barriers and facilitators to implementing AS as perceived by practicing endocrinologists and surgeons in the United States.Methods: We conducted 24 semi-structured interviews probing physicians’ attitudes toward AS for patients with small, low-risk thyroid cancer. We used deductive content analysis guided by a well-known model of guideline implementation. Analysis characterized concepts and themes related to AS implementation as physician, guideline, or external factors. We performed member checking to validate results.Results: The most prominent barriers to AS were related to physician factors , although guideline-specific and external barriers were also observed. Physician attitudes towards AS comprised the majority of physician-related barriers, while lack of knowledge about the guideline was also discussed. Participants’ concerns about the potential negative outcomes resulting from observing a cancer were notable as were the lack of confidence in performing and offering surveillance. Beliefs about patient expectations and lack of knowledge about the guideline were also identified as barriers to offering surveillance. Guideline-specific and external barriers included the vagueness of surveillance protocols, lack of data supporting active surveillance, and societal beliefs about cancer. Facilitators of active surveillance included patients’ desire to avoid surgery and shared decision-making.Conclusions: Barriers and facilitators of active surveillance for low-risk thyroid cancers exist at multiple levels. Strategies to increase adoption of active surveillance should focus on physicians’ attitudes, patient expectations, data supporting surveillance outcomes, and promoting societal-level acceptance of surveillance.
Chemical Changes in the Broccoli Volatilome Depending on the Tissue Treatment
Authors: Wieczorek Martyna , Pieczywek Piotr M. , Cybulska Justyna , Zdunek Artur , Jeleń Henryk H.
Published: March 2021

The storage of plant sample as well as sample preparation for extraction have a significant impact on the profile of metabolites. However, this parameter is often overlooked during experiments on plants. It was hypothesised that parameters such as sample storage (freezing) and sample pre-treatment methods, including the comminution technique or applied enzyme inhibition methods could significantly influence the extracted volatile metabolome.Significant changes were observed in the volatile profile of broccoli florets frozen in liquid nitrogen and at -20oC. Those differences were mostly related to the concentration of nitriles and aldehydes. Confocal microscopy indicated some tissue deterioration in the case of slow freezing (-20oC), whereas the structure of tissue, frozen in liquid nitrogen, was practically intact. Myrosinase activity assay proved that the enzyme remains active after freezing. No pH deviation was noted after sample storage - this parameter did not influence the activity of enzymes. Tissue fragmentation and enzyme-inhibition techniques applied prior to the extraction influenced both qualitative and quantitative composition of the volatile metabolome of broccoli.
Corncob as a Substrate for the Cultivation of Lentinula Edodes
Authors: Yu Hailong , Zhang Dan , Zhang Lujun , Li Qiaozhen , Song Chunyan , Shang Xiaodong , Bao Dapeng , Tan Qi , Chen Hongyu , Lv Beibei
Published: March 2021

Corncob is a major agricultural waste in the world. The study aims to evaluate the effect of using corncob as a substrate for Lentinula edodes cultivation, so as to provide an economic and eco-friendly approach to transform waste biomass into high quality edible mushrooms (whose original substrate - wood - is becoming difficult to obtain these days). 6 formulas containing gradient proportions of corncob and a sawdust control were applied (100 cultivation bed-log per group), and substrate chemical profile were monitored. Effects of formula on mycelia growth, yield, biological efficiency, and agronomic traits and nutritional profile of mushrooms were investigated. The formula composing of 50% corncob, 28% sawdust, 20% wheat bran, and 2% gypsum showed the best performance with the fastest mycelia growth, better log browning, the highest yield (722.08 g/log) and summit biological efficiency (80.23%). The determined carbon/nitrogen in this substrate was 66.84. Yields in groups using 18 ~ 58% corncob were significantly improved comparing to the sawdust control, indicating a strong boosting effects of corncob. Agronomic traits of fruit bodies, such as pileus and stipe sizes, were not much affected by tested formulas. However, addition of corncob had an influence on nutritional composition of mushrooms, the polysaccharide content in mushrooms peaked (4.51g/100g) when the substrate contains 40% corncob. These results revealed an excellent potential of corncob when used as a main substrate ingredient for L. edodes cultivation.
Achieving over 90 % initial Coulombic efficiency and highly stable Li storage in SnO2 by constructing interfacial oxygen redistribution in multilayers
Authors: Lan Xuexia , Cui Jie , Zhang Xiaofeng , Hu Renzong , Tan Liang , He Jiayi , Zhang Houpo , Xiong Xingyu , Yang Xianfeng , Wu Shunqing , Zhu Min
Published: March 2021

Among the promising high capacity anode materials, tin dioxide (SnO2) represents a classic and important candidate that involves both conversion and alloying reactions toward Li storage. However, the inferior reversibility of conversion reactions usually results in low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE, ~ 60%), small reversible capacity and poor cycling stability of electrodes. Here, we demonstrate that by carefully designing the interface structure of SnO2-Mo, a breakthrough comprehensive performance with ultrahigh average ICE up to 92.6 %, large capacity of 1067 mA h g-1 and 100 % capacity retention after 200 cycles can be realized in a multilayer Mo/SnO2/Mo electrode. The amorphous SnO2/Mo interfaces, which are induced by redistribution of oxygen atoms between SnO2 and Mo, can precisely adjust the reversible capacity and cycling stability of the multilayers, while the stable capacities of electrodes are parabolic with the interfacial density. Theoretical calculations and in/ex-situ experimental investigation clearly reveal that oxygen redistribution in the SnO2/Mo hetero-interfaces boosts the Li ions transport kinetics by inducing a built-in electric field and improves the reaction reversibility of SnO2. This work provides a new understanding of the interface-performance relationship of metal-oxide hybrid electrodes and pivotal guidance for creating high performance Li-ion batteries.
The incidence, risk factors and predictive nomograms for early death of lung cancer with synchronous brain metastasis: A retrospective study in the SEER database
Authors: Shen Heng , Deng Gang , Chen Qianxue , Qian Jin
Published: March 2021

Background
Patients of lung cancer with synchronous brain metastases (LCBM) have a poor prognosis and die within a short period of time. However, little is known about the early mortality and related factors of LCBM patients.
Methods
Patients with LCBM diagnosed between 2010 and 2016 were enrolled from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end result (SEER). Significant independent prognostic factors were identified by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Nomograms of overall and cancer-specific early death were constructed using independent risk factors. The prediction ability and clinical application value of the model was verified by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and decision curve analyses (DCAs).
Results
A total of 29902 cases of LCBM patients were enrolled in this study. 44.4% had early deaths, of which 38.2% died of lung cancer. Age, race, gender, Gleason grade, histological type, T stage, N stage, bone metastasis, liver metastasis, surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and marital status were significant independent risk factors of overall and cancer-specific early death and was used to construct the nomogram. The areas under the curve (AUC) of the training group were 0.828 (95%CI: 0.822–0.833) and 0.800 (95%CI: 0.794–0.806) in the model of overall and cancer-specific early death, respectively. The DCA analysis showed that the model had good clinical benefits and utility
Conclusions
We established a comprehensive nomogram to distinguish early death in lung cancer patients with synchronous brain metastases which may help oncologists develop better treatment strategies, such as clinical trials and hospice care.
Determination of Rational Processing Modes Based on Electromagnetic Properties of Tool Materials
Authors: Ostapenko Maria , Tveryakov Andrey , Shtin Anton , Klochkov Yury
Published: March 2021

Currently, enterprises appoint cutting conditions according to reference data or on the recommendations of manufacturers. Often this information does not provide rational processing conditions. The situation is getting worse if we talk about modern automated metalworking equipment. The tool's premature failure involves high economic losses due to damage to the processed detail surface and according to receiving a manufacturing defect. Prevention of premature exit of metalworking tools will allow investigating changes of their operability under the effect of temperatures arising during cutting. Research subject: interchangeable cutter elements (plates) The goal of research: determine rational machining conditions based on electromagnetic properties of instrumental materials.The article analysed existing methods for determining the temperatures of the ultimate operational capability of cutting elements from tool hard alloys (THA). We analysed the existing test facilities. As a result, a new facility was developed to determine the temperature of the ultimate operational capability of cutting THA elements, eliminating existing devices' identified shortcomings. A description of the developed method of determining the temperature of ultimate operational capability by changing the electrical conductivity of cutting elements from instrumental two-carbide titanium-tungsten-cobalt hard alloys WC-TiC-Co is given. As a result of the work, electrical conductivity was studied depending on alloys' test temperature of group WC-TiC-Co. We determined the temperature conditions of ultimate operational capability of alloys 15%TIC+79%WC+6%CO, 5%TIC+75%WC+10%CO and obtained the corresponding temperature range of ultimate operational capability based on the obtained data. The obtained results can be used to determine rational cutting conditions when processing with these tool materials.
MaxDEL: Accurate and Efficient Calling Genomic Deletions From Single Molecular Real-Time Sequencing Using Integrated Method
Authors: Lv Yaoxian , Cai Lei , Gao Jingyang
Published: March 2021

Background: Single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing data are characterized by long reads and high read depth. Compared with next-generation sequencing (NGS), SMRT sequencing data can present more structural variations (SVs) and has greater advantages in calling variation. However, there are high sequencing errors and noises in SMRT sequencing data, which brings inaccurately on calling SVs from sequencing data. Most existing tools are unable to overcome the sequencing errors and detect genomic deletions. Methods and results: In this investigation, we propose a new method for calling deletions from SMRT sequencing data, called MaxDEL. MaxDEL can effectively overcome the noise of SMRT sequencing data and integrates new machine learning and deep learning technologies. Firstly, it uses machine learning method to calibrate the deletions regions from variant call format (VCF) file. Secondly, MaxDEL develops a novel feature visualization method to convert the variant features to images and uses these images to accurately call the deletions based on convolutional neural network (CNN). The result shows that MaxDEL performs better in terms of accuracy and recall for calling variants when compared with existing methods in both real data and simulative data. Conclusions: We propose a method (MAXDEL) for calling deletion variations, which effectively utilizes both machine learning and deep learning methods. We tested it with different SMRT data and evaluated its effectiveness. The research result shows that the use of machine learning and deep learning methods has great potential in calling deletion variations.