bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Testing for equality between conditional copulas given discretized conditioning events
Authors: Derumigny Alexis , Fermanian Jean‐David , Min Aleksey
Published: November 2022

Several procedures have been recently proposed to test the simplifying assumption for conditional copulas. Instead of considering pointwise conditioning events, we study the constancy of the conditional dependence structure when some covariates belong to general Borel conditioning subsets. We introduce several test statistics based on the equality of conditional Kendall's taus and derive their asymptotic distributions under the null hypothesis. In settings where such conditioning events are not fixed ex ante, we propose a data‐driven procedure to recursively build such relevant subsets. This procedure is based on decision trees that maximize the differences between the conditional Kendall's taus, which correspond to the leaves of the trees. Empirical results for such tests are illustrated in the Supplementary Material. Moreover, a study of the conditional dependence between financial stock returns is presented and highlights specific contagion effects of past returns. The last application deals with conditional dependence between coverage amounts in an insurance dataset.
Long‐term safety and efficacy of left atrial appendage closure in patients with small appendage orifices measured with transesophageal echocardiography
Authors: Wang Binhao , Wang Zhao , Chu Huimin , He Bin , Fu Guohua , Feng Mingjun , Du Xianfeng , Liu Jing , Yu Yibo
Published: November 2022

Background

The Watchman device is the most widely used occluder but is indicated in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients with a maximal left atrial appendage (LAA) orifice diameter between 17 and 31 mm. We aimed to compare the long‐term safety and efficacy of left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) between patients with a small LAA (<17 mm) and those with an indicated LAA (17–31 mm) measured by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE).

Methods

A total of 369 AF patients treated with LAAC between March 2015 and February 2019 were included and divided into two groups based on the maximal LAA orifice diameter measured by TEE: small LAA group (n = 22) and indicated LAA group (n = 347). Periprocedural complications and long‐term clinical outcomes were compared.

Results

The Watchman device was successfully implanted in all patients. Mean device compression was higher in the small LAA group. Four patients (1.2%) in the indicated LAA group experienced pericardial effusion, and none experienced pericardial effusion in the small LAA group. Device‐related thrombus was detected in one (4.5%) patient in the small LAA group and five (1.4%) in the indicated LAA group (p = .310). After a mean follow‐up period of 4.1 ± 1.6 years, one patient in the small LAA group (4.5%; 1.1/100 person‐years) and four in the indicated LAA group (1.2%; 0.3/100 person‐years) suffered an ischemic stroke (p = .266).

Conclusions

The safety and efficacy of LAAC with the Watchman device were comparable between patients with small and indicated LAA orifice diameters measured by TEE.
Mechanochemical Synthesis of Cesium Titanium Halide Perovskites Cs2TiBr6‐xIx (x = 0, 2, 4, 6)
Authors: Kupfer Christian , Elia Jack , Kato Masashi , Osvet Andres , Brabec Christoph J.
Published: November 2022

Perovskite materials have a great variety of applications, such as X‐ray detection, lasing and piezoelectric, or solar energy harvesting. While achieving record efficiencies, perovskite solar cells suffer from the presence of toxic lead in their crystal structure. One possibility to circumvent this issue is via the family of vacancy‐ordered double‐perovskites, where lead atoms are replaced alternatingly by a tetravalent atom and a vacant lattice site. From this material family, Cs2TiBr6 has recently emerged as a promising candidate due to its favorable reported properties for photovoltaic applications specifically. This paper presents a novel and facile synthesis route to obtain phase‐pure Cs2TiBr6 and its lesser‐studied iodine‐based relatives Cs2TiBr4I2, Cs2TiBr2I4, and Cs2TiI6 via high‐energy mechanochemical ball milling. The materials are characterized with structural, microscopic, and photophysical techniques to reveal indirect bandgaps with values of 1.88, 1.13, 1.04, and 1.02 eV but also a distinct lack of any significant photoluminescence (PL) and a high instability under ambient conditions. These findings enable us to clarify the previously controversial properties of Cs2TiBr6 and establish its role in the vast landscape of perovskite photovoltaics.
System‐based emotions in Turkey and support for versus opposition to the Gezi Park protests
Authors: Solak Nevin , Sümer Nebi , Uluğ Özden Melis , Jost John T.
Published: November 2022

Research on system justification theory has found that ideological justification of the status quo is associated with increased positive emotion and decreased negative emotion and, consequently, a lack of support for system‐challenging protest. However, almost all of this research has been conducted in “WEIRD” (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, Democratic) countries. Here we investigated the role of system‐level emotions in mediating the negative association between system justification and collective action in the authoritarian political context of Turkey. We hypothesized that system justification would be associated with opposition to system‐challenging collective action, and the association would be mediated by system‐level emotions, even after adjusting for individual‐ and group‐level emotions. These hypotheses were investigated in studies involving university students (Study 1, N = 132) and two community samples recruited during the Gezi Park protests of 2013 (Study 2, N = 256; Study 3, N = 1024). In all three studies, system justification was associated with fewer negative system‐level emotions and less support for protests against the status quo. These findings demonstrate that ideological processes associated with system justification—both directly and indirectly, through system‐level emotional processes—undermine support for social change and promote social stability, even in a highly repressive political context.
Citizen Science on the Beach: Grunion Greeters in California
Authors: Martin Karen L M , Studer Melissa
Published: November 2022

Citizen scientist “Grunion Greeters” have proven to be effective monitors for beach-spawning runs of the California Grunion Leuresthes tenuis, for nearly two decades. This marine fish fully emerges from water to spawn on sandy beaches on the Pacific coast of California and Baja California. This spectacular display provides a rare nonconsumptive experience for the public with a wild fish. This native, endemic species rarely appears in trawls and does not take a hook, so population status is not possible to obtain by traditional fishery methods. In a unique recreational fishery, people capture these fish with bare hands on the sand, but no catch report is required. Volunteer Grunion Greeters provide hyperlocal, detailed data that can be obtained no other way. Methods, lessons learned, and use of the data in management are explained. The Grunion Greeters discovered that California Grunion recently made a northward range extension, but are declining broadly across the core habitat. Active monitoring by citizen scientists has brought renewed attention to this charismatic, vulnerable fish, along with its first long-term data set and policies to increase protections.
Seasonal and deep groundwater‐surface water interactions in the tropical Middle Magdalena River basin of Colombia
Authors: Piña Adriana , Donado Leonardo David , Silva Luis , Pescador Juan
Published: November 2022

This study is an attempt to understand flow patterns in the Middle Magdalena Valley River basin (MMV), a tropical lowland humid forest. For this purpose, we used δ2H and δ18O water stable isotopes measured in different surface and groundwater sources collected in the area both during the dry and the wet seasons. Two hundred and forty‐five water samples were collected in rainfall, springs, rivers, swamps, and wells (from 10 to 350 m depth). Thus, we were able to establish three tendencies that suggest the existence of surface‐groundwater interactions or preferential groundwater fluxes in the MMV: (i) samples with an isotopic enrichment from the wet to the dry season (groundwater samples following the rainfall isotopic variability), (ii) groundwater samples with an isotopic depletion from the wet to the dry season (opposite to the rainfall isotopic signal), and (iii) groundwater samples whose isotopic composition did not change significantly among seasons. However, none of these tendencies could be related to geology or the type of sampled site, which suggests that some not fully understood processes must be taking place in the hydrological system of the MMV. Both, surface, and groundwater samples are grouped close to the Colombian meteoric line, with exception of some swamp samples collected during the dry period, which displayed the expected evaporation trend line tendency. This may be an indicator of the connection/disconnection of swamps with the river during the hydrological year. Finally, this study aims to fulfil the gap in water‐stable isotope data in Colombia and provide insights about the hydrological setup of a lowland tropical basin.
Bank‐lending channel of monetary policy transmission in WAEMU: An estimated DSGE model approach
Authors: Kame Babilla Thierry U.
Published: November 2022

This article examines the effectiveness of the banking‐lending channel in the transmission of monetary policy mechanisms in the West African Economic and Monetary Union. We estimated a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium model with an incomplete credit market, where the financial system is based on an active banking sector and the central bank follows a fixed exchange rate regime, using quarterly data from 1985Q1 to 2020Q4. Findings reveal that, first, monetary policy induces an expansionary effect in the real economy when the banking sector loosens borrowing constraints. Second, we found that the banking sector is sensitive to the contraction of monetary policy via its effects on lending rates and deposit rates. Third, findings show that the bank‐lending channel amplifies and propagates monetary policy transmission mechanisms into the real economy. The counterfactual analysis demonstrates that the level of financial depth within the currency union enhances the efficiency of the bank‐lending channel of the monetary policy transmission mechanism. The macroeconomic outcomes and the financial implications of monetary policy via bank‐lending channels are more accentuated for the economies of the currency union with more financial depth than for those with shallow financial sector depth.
A novel circulating biomarker lnc‐MALAT1 for acute myocardial infarction: Its relationship with disease risk, features, cytokines, and major adverse cardiovascular events
Authors: Li Ruirui , Jin Jin , Liu Enxiang , Zhang Jun
Published: November 2022

Objective

Long noncoding RNA MALAT1 (lnc‐MALAT1) modulates atherosclerotic progression, myocardial ischemia injury, and systematic inflammation, which may be closely involved in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) pathogenesis. Thus, the current study intended to explore the relationship of lnc‐MALAT1 to disease risk, features, cytokines, and prognostication in AMI patients.

Methods

This multicenter study consecutively enrolled 160 newly diagnosed AMI patients and 50 controls (angina pectoris patients). Their peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained to measure lnc‐MALAT1 by RT–qPCR. Serum cytokines in AMI patients were detected by ELISA. In addition, AMI patients were followed up for major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) risk evaluation.

Results

Lnc‐MALAT1 was higher in AMI patients than in controls (median: 2.245 vs. 0.996, p = 0.004), and it also presented a good capacity for differentiating AMI patients from controls with an area under the curve of 0.823. Lnc‐MALAT1 was positively related to C‐reactive protein (p = 0.005), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (p = 0.022), cardiac troponin I (p = 0.021), and infarct size (p = 0.007), but not other biochemical indexes in AMI patients. Meanwhile, lnc‐MALAT1 was positively associated with tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (p = 0.001), interleukin (IL)‐6 (p = 0.031), IL‐17A (p = 0.042), vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (p = 0.004), and intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (p = 0.021) among AMI patients. Importantly, after categorization, lnc‐MALAT1 high (vs. low) was related to an elevated MACE accumulation rate (p = 0.035); furthermore, a higher lnc‐MALAT1 quartile showed a trend to be linked with an increased MACE accumulation rate (p = 0.092).

Conclusion

Lnc‐MALAT1 may serve as a biomarker for AMI risk, infarct size, inflammation and prognosis, but further validation by large‐scale studies is needed.
The synergistic effect of sea cucumber saponins and caffeine on preventing obesity in high‐fat diet‐fed mice by extending the action duration of caffeine
Authors: Zhao Ying‐Cai , Li Le‐Ping , Li Xiao‐Yue , Wang Cheng‐Cheng , Yang Jin‐Yue , Xue Chang‐Hu , Wang Yu‐Ming , Zhang Tian‐Tian
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND

Sea cucumber saponins (SCSs) exhibit a unique structure and high bioactivities and might have specialized implications on caffeine metabolic process by altering the activity of N‐demethylation enzyme CYP1A2. The present study aimed to clarify the effects of SCS on caffeine metabolism in vivo and in vitro, as well as the synergistic anti‐obesity effect of SCS and caffeine on high‐fat diet‐induced obese mice.

RESULTS

Results found that SCS administration significantly postponed the elimination rate of caffeine and its metabolites in vivo, and further study found CYP1A2‐mediated caffeine metabolism was remarkably inhibited in a dose‐dependent manner in vitro. The synergistic effect of the SCS and caffeine combination could decrease the total weight of white adipose tissue by 52% compared with high‐fat diet‐treated group.

CONCLUSION

SCS could prolong caffeine action time, and the combination of the two substances exhibited joint action on high‐fat diet‐induced obese mice. These findings might provide a basis for the development of functional foods and potential application using the combination of SCS and caffeine. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Enhancing monitoring of mangrove spatiotemporal tree diversity and distribution patterns
Authors: Pimple Uday , Simonetti Dario , Peters Ronny , Berger Uta , Podest Erika , Gond Valery
Published: November 2022

Spatiotemporal information on mangrove species assemblage of natural, disturbed, and rehabilitated is an essential prerequisite for effective strategies for biodiversity conservation and management. However, appropriate field‐based sampling strategies of spatial heterogeneity still hamper the detection of the species distribution and its temporal development. An increasing amount of remote sensing data seems the perfect way to tackle these challenges. With this article, we fill this gap by presenting a review of the challenges and limitations to assess the current status of species diversity. We conclude that species discrimination based on remote sensing techniques is still limited by atmospheric contamination and tidal fluctuations. The lack of accurate information on the spatiotemporal development of species diversity and forest structure further curtails an understanding of functional indicators and the predictive power of modeling approaches. Nevertheless, multi‐source remote‐sensing techniques could seemingly capture the landscape heterogeneity and support systematic sampling designs. Spatially balanced (systematic) training and validation data are necessary to compile robust spatiotemporal information, supporting reliable predictions for optimizing restoration efforts. A systematic sampling of spatiotemporal ecological information is vital to derive the historical state of mangroves, detecting their degradation, and predicting future patterns of species distribution that are generally crucial for restoration, and particularly to rehabilitate species diversity.
Monotonic sequences of minimal solutions for semipositone elliptic systems
Authors: Orpel Aleksandra
Published: November 2022

The main goal of this paper is to formulate sufficient conditions guaranteeing the existence of decaying solutions of the system of elliptic equations in a certain exterior domain. The asymptotic behavior of these solutions and their gradients will be characterized. We focus on the construction of uncountable sets of nondecreasing sequences of minimal solutions with finite energy in a neighborhood of infinity. Our method can be applied for nonlinearities which are negative at the origin (semipositone problem).
Autocalibration for Creating 2D/3D Displays on Complex Geometric Surfaces
Authors: Arnold Katherine , Fieguth Paul , Dennison Andrew
Published: November 2022

Projection mapping transforms the familiar through engaging displays.
DFT + U calculations of structural, magnetic, and electrochemical properties and Na+ diffusion barrier in the O3‐phase of NaTm0.5Ni0.5O2 (Tm = Ti, Mn)
Authors: Kumar Rahul , Chatterjee Abhijit
Published: November 2022

O3‐type sodium rich layered transition metal (TM) oxides namely NaTm0.5Ni0.5O2 (Tm = Ti, Mn) are theoretically explored in this work. The structural, magnetic and electrochemical properties are studied using first‐principles calculations at different Na‐intercalation levels. Cell parameters calculated using GGA, GGA + U and dispersion‐corrected GGA + U + D3 methods are compared with experimental data. The incorporation of Hubbard parameter (U) for 2p orbital of O with Hubbard parameters of Mn‐3d orbitals and Ni‐3d orbitals at GGA + U provides a good description of the electronic structure, cell parameter, magnetic moment and effective charge. Comparisons are also made to meta‐GGA functional (strongly constrained and appropriately normed) calculations. Ti‐based O3‐phase is found to be more stable than Mn‐based O3‐phase for all Na‐intercalation levels. However, the presence of Mn ions can significantly reduce the Na+ diffusion barrier as compared to Ti ions in O3‐type NaTm0.5Ni0.5O2 system. Both Ti and Mn ions act as structural stabilizers and do not participate in electrochemistry during charge/discharge. PBE + U + D3 functional is recommended to get reliable results for electronic and magnetic properties of these kind of systems.
A rude awakening: management of nocturia in men
Authors: Kovacic James , Dhar Ankur , Shepherd Andrew , Chung Amanda
Published: November 2022

Nocturia is a common and often bothersome lower urinary tract symptom. Interestingly, nocturia, although intuitively classified as a lower urinary tract symptom, may be non‐intuitively due to a variety of other causes. Similarly, investigation and treatment may be urological or even more commonly, non‐urological. This article aims to outline a systematic and considered approach to the assessment and management of nocturia.
Flame retardant and antibacterial properties of PLA/PHMG‐P/APP composites
Authors: Liao Meng , Zhou Xiang , Fu Lu , Deng Liumi , Zhu Zongmin , Wang Luoxin , Chen Shaohua , Liu Yuansen
Published: November 2022

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) has evolved into a commodity polymer with numerous applications. However, its high flammability limits its viability as a perfect alternative to petrochemical engineering plastics. In this study, PLA was modified using polyhexamethyleneguanidine phosphate (PHMG‐P) and ammonium polyphosphate (APP). The flame retardant performance of PLA/PHMG‐P/APP was investigated based on the limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test (UL‐94), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), cone calorimetry (CC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Raman Spectrometry. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used to determine the antibacterial properties of PLA composites. The LOI of PLA‐10% (P:A = 1:4) was 31.7% and was rated V‐0 in the UL‐94 V‐0 test. The antibacterial properties of the composites reflected the antibacterial effects of PLA‐10% (P: A = 1:4) against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with the antibacterial rates reaching 93.41% and 93.26%, respectively. PHMG‐P and APP had a synergistic flame‐retardant effect and improved the flame retardancy of PLA while exhibiting excellent antibacterial properties.
Genetic structure of the threatened Gray Parrotfish (Sparisoma axillare) in the Southwestern Atlantic
Authors: Tovar Verba Julia , Ferreira Carlos E. L. , Pennino Maria Grazia , Hagberg Linda , Lopes Priscila F. M. , Padovani Ferreira Beatrice , Maia Queiroz Lima Sergio , Stow Adam
Published: November 2022

Despite the marine environment being typified by a lack of obvious barriers to dispersal, levels of genetic divergence can arise in marine organisms from historical changes in habitat availability, current oceanographic regimes and anthropogenic factors. Here we describe the genetic structure of the Gray Parrotfish, Sparisoma axillare, and identify environmental variables associated with patterns of genetic divergence throughout most of its distribution in Brazil. The heavily exploited Gray Parrotfish is endemic to Brazil, and there is lack of data on population structure that is needed to support sustainable management. To address this shortfall we analyzed 5429 SNPs from individuals sampled in nine locations, ranging from tropical to subtropical reef systems and costal to oceanic environments with varying levels of protection. We found low levels of genetic structure along the coast, including the oceanic island of Fernando de Noronha, and that a combination of water depth, ocean currents and geographic distance were the major drivers explaining genetic divergence. We identified a distinct genetic population around Trindade Island, 1000 km from the coast, highlighting the conservation significance of this population. Colonization of this oceanic site probably occurred during the Pleistocene periods of lower sea levels, allowing this shallow water-dependent species to use the seamount chain as stepping stones to Trindade. Our data further suggest that two protected areas, Costa dos Corais and Fernando de Noronha, likely play an important role as larval sources for much of the species distribution.
Manufacturing Defects in Thermoplastic Composite Pipes and Their Effect on the in-situ Performance of Thermoplastic Composite Pipes in Oil and Gas Applications
Authors: Okolie Obinna , Latto Jim , Faisal Nadimul , Jamieson Harvey , Mukherji Arindam , Njuguna James
Published: November 2022

Thermoplastic composite pipes (TCP) are a form of fibre reinforced thermoplastic pipes that have proven benefits such as being lightweight and non-corrosive. However, during manufacturing, certain defects are induced because of certain parameters which eventually affect TCP performance in-service. Current manufacturing techniques are challenged with on-the-spot detection as the pipe is regularly monitored. When a defect is noticed, the process stops, and action is taken. However, stopping the process is costly; hence it is vital to decrease downtime during manufacturing. Potential solutions are through process optimisation for defect reduction and an in-depth understanding of the effect of parameters that cause defect formation in the pipe. This article provides an overview of manufacturing influence on the end performance. This is intimately linked to the material features, properties, and performance in-service. The material features are the determinants for the manufacturing technique to be used. For TCP, it is a melt fusion bonding process involving heating and consolidation among other factors such as the consolidation speed and pull force. Thermal behaviour is essential at this phase as it determines the curing rate and this study indicates that laser heating is the better heat source in efficiency terms. Defects such as fibre misalignments, voids, and delamination are induced during manufactuirng are explored. The sources of these defects have been discussed herein as well as the secondary defects caused by them with the consideration of residual stress impact. The presence of manufacturing defects has been identified to influence the strength and stiffness, interlaminar shear strength, toughness, and creep performance. In addition the study shows there is a need  to explore the state of the art in defect characterization during manufacturing for TCP. The in-situ characterization aims to derive high-quality TCP with reduced defects and need for repairs, and increased production rate in safe and eco-friendly conditions while maintaining the current manufacturing process.

Graphical abstract
Notch1 and Notch4 core binding domain peptibodies exhibit distinct ligand-binding and anti-angiogenic properties
Authors: Sargis Timothy , Youn Seock-Won , Thakkar Krishna , Naiche L. A. , Paik Na Yoon , Pajcini Kostandin V. , Kitajewski Jan K.
Published: November 2022

The Notch signaling pathway is an important therapeutic target for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and cancer. We previously created ligand-specific inhibitors of Notch signaling comprised of Fc fusions to specific EGF-like repeats of the Notch1 extracellular domain, called Notch decoys, which bound ligands, blocked Notch signaling, and showed anti-tumor activity with low toxicity. However, the study of their function depended on virally mediated expression, which precluded dosage control and limited clinical applicability. We have refined the decoy design to create peptibody-based Notch inhibitors comprising the core binding domains, EGF-like repeats 10–14, of either Notch1 or Notch4. These Notch peptibodies showed high secretion properties and production yields that were improved by nearly 100-fold compared to previous Notch decoys. Using surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy coupled with co-immunoprecipitation assays, we observed that Notch1 and Notch4 peptibodies demonstrate strong but distinct binding properties to Notch ligands DLL4 and JAG1. Both Notch1 and Notch4 peptibodies interfere with Notch signaling in endothelial cells and reduce expression of canonical Notch targets after treatment. While prior DLL4 inhibitors cause hyper-sprouting, the Notch1 peptibody reduced angiogenesis in a 3-dimensional in vitro sprouting assay. Administration of Notch1 peptibodies to neonate mice resulted in reduced radial outgrowth of retinal vasculature, confirming anti-angiogenic properties. We conclude that purified Notch peptibodies comprising EGF-like repeats 10–14 bind to both DLL4 and JAG1 ligands and exhibit anti-angiogenic properties. Based on their secretion profile, unique Notch inhibitory activities, and anti-angiogenic properties, Notch peptibodies present new opportunities for therapeutic Notch inhibition.
Semantic Factorization and Descent
Authors: Lucatelli Nunes Fernando
Published: November 2022

Let $${\mathbb {A}}$$
A
be a 2-category with suitable opcomma objects and pushouts. We give a direct proof that, provided that the codensity monad of a morphism p exists and is preserved by a suitable morphism, the factorization given by the lax descent object of the two-dimensional cokernel diagram of p is up to isomorphism the same as the semantic factorization of p, either one existing if the other does. The result can be seen as a counterpart account to the celebrated Bénabou–Roubaud theorem. This leads in particular to a monadicity theorem, since it characterizes monadicity via descent. It should be noted that all the conditions on the codensity monad of p trivially hold whenever p has a left adjoint and, hence, in this case, we find monadicity to be a two-dimensional exact condition on p, namely, to be an effective faithful morphism of the 2-category $${\mathbb {A}}$$
A
.
Spatial Variability of Nocturnal Stability Regimes in an Operational Weather Prediction Model
Authors: Kähnert Marvin , Sodemann Harald , Remes Teresa M. , Fortelius Carl , Bazile Eric , Esau Igor
Published: November 2022

Forecast errors in near-surface temperatures are a persistent issue for numerical weather prediction models. A prominent example is warm biases during cloud-free, snow-covered nights. Many studies attribute these biases to parametrized processes such as turbulence or radiation. Here, we focus on the contribution of physical processes to the nocturnal temperature development. We compare model timestep output of individual tendencies from parametrized processes in the weather prediction model AROME-Arctic to measurements from Sodankylä, Finland. Thereby, we differentiate between the weakly stable boundary layer (wSBL) and the very stable boundary layer (vSBL) regimes. The wSBL is characterized by continuous turbulent exchange within the near-surface atmosphere, causing near-neutral temperature profiles. The vSBL is characterized by a decoupling of the lowermost model level, low turbulent exchange, and very stable temperature profiles. In our case study, both regimes occur simultaneously on small spatial scales of about 5 km. In addition, we demonstrate the model’s sensitivity towards an updated surface treatment, allowing for faster surface cooling. The updated surface parametrization has profound impacts on parametrized processes in both regimes. However, only modelled temperatures in the vSBL are impacted substantially, whereas more efficient surface cooling in the wSBL is compensated by an increased turbulent heat transport within the boundary layer. This study demonstrates the utility of individual tendencies for understanding process-related differences between model configurations and emphasizes the need for model studies to distinguish between the wSBL and vSBL for reliable model verification.
The ethical night of libertinism: Beauvoir’s reading of Sade
Authors: Foultier Anna Petronella
Published: November 2022

This paper examines Simone de Beauvoir’s reading of the eighteenth century writer and libertine Marquis de Sade, in her essay “Must we Burn Sade?”; a difficult and bewildering text, both in pure linguistic terms and philosophically. In particular, Beauvoir’s insistence on Sade as a “great moralist” seems hard to reconcile with her emphasis, inThe Ethics of Ambiguity, on the interdependency of human beings and her exhortation to us to promote other people’s freedom, as well as the aspiration ofThe Second Sexto equal relations between the genders. While earlier scholars addressed the ethico-political implications of Beauvoir’s essay, they insisted that the ambiguity so fundamental in her philosophy is denied by the Sadean hero, and that the Other can never be attained in his system. In this essay, I argue that Sade paradoxically emerges as an ethical model in Beauvoir’s text: as a writer, he assumes the ambiguity of the human condition in the extreme. Further, Sade reveals the potential of sexuality if it is explored in a form of eroticism that largely transgresses behavior constructed as normal: his writings open up new forms of existence, where, contrary to prevailing ideas, woman’s sexual freedom is claimed as equal to man’s, where genders are unstable and heterosexuality no longer the standard. Beauvoir’s fascination with Sade in this essay can be linked with the seemingly unresolvable asymmetry in the relation between men and women inThe Second Sex: in his writings is revealed sexuality’s potential to subvert patriarchal norms and mystifications, and perhaps, in the end, even gender itself.
‘Windows of opportunity’: exploring the relationship between social media and plastic policies during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Vince Joanna , Praet Estelle , Schofield John , Townsend Kathy
Published: November 2022

Plastic pollution has reached a crisis point due to ineffective waste management, an over-reliance on single-use plastic items and a lack of suitable plastic alternatives. The COVID-19 Pandemic has seen a dramatic increase in the use of single-use plastics including ‘COVID waste’ in the form of items specifically intended to help stop the spread of disease. Many governments have utilised COVID-19 as a window of opportunity to reverse, postpone or remove plastic policies off agendas ostensibly in order to ‘flatten the curve’ of COVID-19 cases. In this paper, we use novel methods of social media analysis relating to three regions (USA, Mexico and Australia) to suggest that health and hygiene were not the only reasons governments utilised this window of opportunity to change plastic policies. Beyond the influence of social media on the plastics agenda, our results highlight the potential of social media as a tool to analyse public reactions to government decisions that can be influenced by industry pressure and a broader political agenda, while not necessarily following responses to consumer behaviour.
Research patterns in communication (2009–2019): testing female representation and productivity differences, within the most cited authors and the field
Authors: Goyanes Manuel , Demeter Márton , Grané Aurea , Tóth Tamás , de Zúñiga Homero Gil
Published: November 2022

This study compares the share of male/female as first authors, the growth of authors per paper, and the differences in publication productivity in the last decade of the most cited authors versus the field of communication (i.e., a representative sample of papers published in the field of communication). Results indicate that there are significantly more female first authors in the field than a decade ago, but their proportion among the most cited authors has not grown at a similar pace. Likewise, the number of authors per paper has significantly increased in the field, but not among the most cited authors, who, in turn, publish significantly more papers than the field, both in 2009 and 2019. And not only that, the productivity gap between the most cited authors and the field has substantially increased between the span of this decade. Theoretical implications of these findings and suggestions for future studies are also discussed.
An efficient privacy-preserving recommender system in wireless networks
Authors: Luo Junwei , Yi Xun , Han Fengling , Yang Xuechao
Published: November 2022

Recommender systems have been widely used for implementing personalised content on many mobile online services to reduce computational overload and preserve wireless data for users. The underlying mechanisms used for building recommender systems analyse data collected from users to make recommendations. This poses concerns over the privacy of data from users as both service providers and the cloud will have access. Privacy-preserving recommender systems protect user information by incorporating various cryptographic mechanisms to prevent accessing the data. However, existing works are not practical due to the use of heavy cryptography. In this paper, we propose an efficient privacy-preserving recommender system that takes advantage of clustering to improve efficiency. Using a secure clustering mechanism, user data are assigned to multiple clusters before being fed into the recommendation. Our proposed protocols are privacy-preserving and do not leak information that could be used to identify a data subject. The experiments show that our system is efficient and accurate.
Intrinsic anomalous spin Hall effect
Authors: Li Ping , Zhang Jing-Zhao , Guo Zhi-Xin , Min Tai , Wang Xiangrong
Published: November 2022

Charge-spin interconversion in magnetic materials is investigated by using the first-principles calculations. In addition to the conventional spin Hall effect (SHE) that requires mutual orthogonality of the charge current, spin-flow direction, and spin polarization, the recently proposed anomalous SHE (ASHE) is confirmed in Mn2Au and WTe2. The interaction of the order parameter with conduction electrons leads to sizeable non-zero spin Berry curvatures that give rise to anomalous spin Hall conductivity (ASHC). Our calculations show that the ASHE is intrinsic and originates from the order-parameter-controlled spin-orbit interaction, which generates an extra anomalous effective field. A useful relationship among the order parameter, the spin Berry curvature, and the ASHC is revealed. Our findings provide a new avenue for generating and detecting arbitrary types of spin currents.
Stress and psychological wellbeing in british police force officers and staff
Authors: Oliver Helen , Thomas Owen , Neil Rich , Moll Tjerk , Copeland Robert James
Published: November 2022

Informed by the Demand Resources and Individual Effects model (DRIVE; Mark & Smith, 2008), we assessed how work and individual characteristics were associated with perceived job stress, and psychological wellbeing outcomes (e.g., anxiety, depression, positive mood) in a cross-sectional study with two British police forces (N = 852 officers and staff). Work characteristics predicted psychological wellbeing outcomes both directly and indirectly through the perception of job stress. Work resources and individual characteristics moderated the relationships between work demands, perception of job stress and psychological wellbeing outcomes. The associations between perception of work demands, job stress and psychological wellbeing outcomes were improved in police officers and staff who reported moderate-high physical activity behavior. This study added new knowledge to the domain as it was the first to test the DRIVE model in its entirety in an occupational setting. It also provided new insight into the multi-dimensional factors associated with psychological wellbeing in policing. Practically, the findings implied a reduction of work demands, or interventions that target appraisals and/or physical activity might improve psychological wellbeing in police workers.
Geochemistry and Petrogenesis of Mesoproterozoic Mafic Intrusive Rocks from the Singhora and Chandarpur Groups, Eastern Chhattisgarh Basin, Bastar Craton: Possible Implication for the Time of Sedimentation
Authors: Ashutosh Ankur , Samal Amiya K. , Singh Veeru Kant , Sharma Mukund , Srivastava Rajesh K.
Published: November 2022

A number of Mesoproterozoic mafic intrusions transect the Chhattisgarh basin, Bastar craton, and they are mostly exposed in the Singhora and Chandarpur Group of rocks in the eastern part of the basin. These mafic intrusive rocks are studied for their petrological and geochemical characteristics to understand nature and genesis and likely implication on the time of sedimentation. They chiefly consist of clinopyroxene and plagioclase and show ophitic texture. Geochemically, they are sub-alkaline basalt to basaltic andesite and strongly supports cogenetic nature of mafic intrusives from both the Groups. The fractionation of olivine, clinopyroxene, plagioclase and Cr-spinel primarily controlled geochemical variations. Negative Nb-Ta-Ti anomalies suggest a possible role of crustal components in the evolution of the melt; however, the absence of crustal signature in most primitive high-Mg containing samples rules out any significant role of crustal contamination. Incompatible trace elements modelling suggests their derivation from a mantle melt, originated from the transition zone of garnet-spinel stability field. Further, geochemical analysis supports an SZLM (subduction zone-modified lithospheric mantle) source for these mafic intrusions. Low CaO/MgO (1.20 – 1.64), intermediate FeO/MnO (45.71 – 71.80), positive PX# (1.10 - 5.89), and high values of FC3MS (0.58 – 1.35) and FCKANTMS (0.59 – 0.93) explicitly support derivation of the primary melt from a olivine-poor and pyroxene-rich (pyroxenite type) source. The observed geochemical characteristics and published age data on these mafic intrusions indicate that sediments of both the stratigraphic units are older than ca. 1.42 Ga. Further, based on the relationship with the neighbouring ca. 1.85 Ga Sonakhan mafic dyke swarm of the Bastar craton, the age of sedimentation in the Chhattisgarh basin has been proposed to be in between ca. 1.85 Ga and 1.42 Ga.
Mechanism of Fault Terminations: Theory and Field Examples
Authors: Biswas Madhab , Sain Kalachand
Published: November 2022

Contrary to the mechanism of initiation and growth of a fault that has been extensively addressed, the termination of the fault is poorly understood. It is generally believed that the major factors such as the zone of weakness, frictional homogeneity, rock tension, and the minor factors such as stress and gravity are responsible for the initiation and growth of faults, while the deficiency of these factors leads to the termination of a fault. A theory of fault-termination has been proposed by combining progressive deformation and branching (as observed on seismic data from the North Sea and Scotian basin) along with the hindrance, flanking, block rotation, enhanced mineralization, relaxation and cohesive strength. This model of progressive deformation during faulting is categorized into three zones: displacement zone in the beginning, displacement shear transition zone in the middle and the shear zone towards the termination. These well-patterned changes of progressive deformation include continuation of shearing beyond the tip line and converting brittle displacement deformation state into shearing displacement towards the termination. This mechanism also elucidates the deformation state for blind thrust, brittle-ductile transition zone within the crust, initiation of the reverse fault and deformation-stress relationship for faulting.
Application of the NATM Methodology for the Excavation of Rail Tunnel in Difficult Geological Conditions: A Case from Garhwal Himalaya, Uttarakhand
Authors: Azad Md. Alquamar , Naithani A. K. , Singh S. K.
Published: November 2022

The documentation of excavation method and support design based on rock mass classification systems i.e. rock mass rating (RMR), Q-system and New Austrian tunneling method (NATM) for adit-7 tunnel being constructed in Garhwal Himalaya, India is discussed in this paper. The New Austrian tunneling method classes of rock units have been developed by using correlations with the RMR and Q systems, according to the ONORM B 2203. NATM principles were used because the geological conditions were continually changing. The study indicated that the RMR-based rock mass estimation was overstated, but the qualitative assessment was right. The NATM technique is more adaptable for Garhwal Himalayan rocks having various uncertainties in rock mass evaluation. The current adit investigations indicate that there are numerous unanswered concerns, concerning rock mass quality evaluation, tunnel behavior during construction and usability. Results of the analysis are considered to be useful for the design of the new tunnels constructed in the similar type of the terrain.
Depthwise Variation of Selenium in Groundwater in Parts of Punjab, India
Authors: Angurala M.L. , Naik Pradeep K. , Behera S.C.
Published: November 2022

Selenium is an essential trace element in human diet with carcinogenic effect when consumed in excess. This paper examines the depthwise variartion of selenium in the aquifers of northeastern Punjab (India) in the Indo-Gangetic Plains in a piedmont zone. Out of 210 km2 hydrogeologically studied area in parts of Hoshiarpur and Nawanshahr districts of Punjab State, about 50% of area was found affected by high selenium concentration problem in groundwater. Three aquifer groups were identified, i.e., aquifer group I, II and III with depth ranges of about 75-95 m (thickness ~90 m), 120-230 m (thickness ~110 m) and beyond 255 m, respectively. A clay horizon of about 15-35 m thickness separates aquifer group of I and II and that of about 15-30 m thickness aquifer group of II and III. Aquifer group I is unconfined, aquifer group II is semi-confined and aquifer group III is confined in nature. High concentrations of selenium is observed in aquifer groups I and II with concentrations decreasing with depth. Aquifer group III is devoid of selenium. The symptoms of high contents of selenium started emerging when people deepened their wells in the 1970s to a depth of 20-45 m in a sandy clay horizon. This, however, is yet to be verified and warrants further investigation.
Sedimentology and New Paleogeographic Data of the Lower Eocene Chouabine Formation in the Gafsa Basin (Tunisia), Southern Tethyan Margin
Authors: Messadi Abdel Majid
Published: November 2022

Facies and paleo-environment reconstruction applied to the lower Eocene Chouabine deposits occurring in the Gafsa area in Tunisia provided important information on sediment cyclicity and paleogeographic conditions. From west to east, four sections were surveyed: Tamerza (25 m), Oued Thelja (48 m), Jebel Ong (25 m), and Jebel Chamsi (45 m). Furthermore, the facies stacking pattern allowed for the reconstruction of depositional environments in relation to sea level changes. The Chouabine Formation is formed by the succession of three sequences composed of marls, phosphorites, and carbonates. There are five main facies organized into two transgressive cycles. The gradual transition of facies from intertidal to circatidal environments unraveled the sedimentation on a homoclinal ramp, episodically swept by upwelling currents. The Chouabine Formation is made of deepening–upwards cycles. Each cycle ranges from 2 to 5 m in thickness. The proximal-distal transition of depositional environments was gradually increasing from intertidal to offshore environments. Lateral variation of thickness and facies is generated by the reactivation of inherited NW-SE extensive and/or transtensive faults, acting since the late Cretaceous during the intermediate closing phase of the Neotethys. Synsedimentary tectonics has created trap structures favouring confinement conditions in the center of the basin, permitting the accumulation and preservation of large thicknesses of phosphate deposits. Based on new litho- and biostratigraphic data, this study presents for the first time a clear and detailed regional stratigraphic correlation and paleogeographic maps.
Transfer Learning in Genome-Wide Association Studies with Knockoffs
Authors: Li Shuangning , Ren Zhimei , Sabatti Chiara , Sesia Matteo
Published: November 2022

This paper presents and compares alternative transfer learning methods that can increase the power of conditional testing via knockoffs by leveraging prior information in external data sets collected from different populations or measuring related outcomes. The relevance of this methodology is explored in particular within the context of genome-wide association studies, where it can be helpful to address the pressing need for principled ways to suitably account for, and efficiently learn from the genetic variation associated to diverse ancestries. Finally, we apply these methods to analyze several phenotypes in the UK Biobank data set, demonstrating that transfer learning helps knockoffs discover more associations in the data collected from minority populations, potentially opening the way to the development of more accurate polygenic risk scores.