bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factores que determinan la motivación por aprender en estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Briceño Moraga Ariel
Published: July 2020

El presente estudio investigativo tiene como propósito describir los principales factores que determinan la motivación por aprender en los estudiantes de los cuartos y quintos años de las carreras del Departamento de Ciencias Económicas y Administrativas de la Facultad Regional Multidisciplinaria de Chontales, de la UNAN - MANAGUA (UNAN - FAREM – Chontales), realizado entre el período del II Semestre del año 2017y I Semestre del 2018. El estudio se enmarcó en el enfoque mixto, el tipo y diseño de la investigación fue de carácter correlacional ya que examina la relación que existe entre los factores que determinan la motivación por aprender en los estudiantes en estudio, apoyado en una investigación documental y de campo. La población está compuesta por 266 estudiantes. La muestra total del estudio está conformada por 78 estudiantes. Se utilizó la encuesta como instrumento. La validez se obtuvo a través de la técnica del juicio de expertos, y la confiabilidad se determinó aplicando la prueba de dos mitades. El análisis de los datos se presenta en los cuadros y gráficos donde la información recabada se distinguió por frecuencia, las cuales fueron traducidos en porcentajes para representar las respuestas emitidas por los estudiantes.
Minimum Tillage and in situ Mulch Increasing the Population and Biomass of Earthworms Under Mung Bean Cultivation on Ultisol Soil
Authors: Aini Septi Nurul , Yusnaini Sri , Tunsiyah Tunsiyah , Niswati Ainin
Published: July 2020

Earthworms are important soil biota that can be used as  an indicator of soil fertility. Soil tillage systems and application of organic mulch will affect the activity of earthworms. This research was aimed to study the effect of tillage systems and the application of in situ mulch, and their interactions on the population and the biomass of earthworms. The study was conducted from April to July 2017 at the Integrated Field Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung. The study was arranged in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) in a factorial treatment with two factors.  The first factor was the tillage system  which consisted of the minimum tillage and the intensive tillage. The second factor was the application of in situ mulch, which consisted of the application of 0 Mg ha-1 or without mulch and the application of 5 Mg ha-1  in situ mulch.The data obtained were tested for homogeneity of variance with the Bartlett Test and its additivity with the Tukey Test. Data were further analyzed for the analysis of variance and for the LSD’s Test at the level of 5%. The relationship between soil temperature, soil moisture content, soil organic-C and soil pH with population and biomass earthworm was tested by correlation test. The results showed that the earthworm population and the earthworm biomass at 80 DAP in the minimum tillage  was higher than that of the intensive tillage. The earthworm population for all detected planting stages (before tillage, 40 DAP and 80 DAP) with the of application of 5 Mg ha-1 in situ mulch was higher than that of the application of no mulch.  There is no interaction between the tillage system and the application of in situ mulch at 0 DAP, 40 DAP, and 80 DAP.  The genus of earthworms found in all treatment plots was genus Pheretima under the family of Megascolecidae.
Effectiveness of Inorganic Fertilizer and Biofertilizer Application on Maize Yield and Fertilizer Use Efficiency on Inceptisol from West Java
Authors: Purwani Jati , Nurjaya Nurjaya
Published: July 2020

The study about the effectiveness of inorganic fertilizer and bio-fertilizer application on maize yield and fertilizer use efficiency has been carried out in the greenhouse using Inceptisol from Dukuh Village, Cibungbulang District, Bogor Regency. Inorganic fertilizers used were Urea, SP36 and KCl, the biofertilizer used consisted of Azospirillum sp., Azotobacter sp., Bacillus sp., and Lactobacillus sp.. The study was arranged in a Randomized Block Design consisting of seven treatments and six replications. The treatments consisted of various dosages of inorganic fertilizers combined with bio-fertilizer, namely 1) Control (without fertilizer), 2) 100% recommended NPK level, 3) Biofertilizer, 4) 25% recommended NPK level+Biofertilizer, 5) 50% recommended NPK level+Biofertilizer, 6) 75% recommended NPK level + Biofertilizer, 7) 100% recommended NPK level + Biofertilizer. The results showed that the application of inorganic NPK ferttilizers and biofertilizer on maize cultivation on Inceptisol from Dukuh Village, Cibungbulang District, Bogor Regency resulted in an increase of maize yield compared to the recommended level of inorganic fertilizers (100% NPK). The treatment of NPK (50% recommended level)+Biofertilizer resulted in the highest biomass dry weight, yield of corn and value of RAE (Relative Agronomic Effectiveness). The shoot dry weight was 138.09 g pot-1, corn yield was 190.87 g pot-1, and RAE value was 113.44%. The optimum doses of NPK fertilizers were 200 kg Urea ha-1, 60 kg SP-36 ha-1 and 45 kg KCl ha-1 combined with 4 L ha-1 biofertilizer.
Current topics in radiotherapy for genitourinary cancers: Consensus statements of the Genitourinary Radiation Oncologists of Canada
Authors: Morgan Scott , Morton Gerard , Berlin Alejandro , Cheung Patrick , Chung Peter , Ménard Cynthia , Pickles Tom , Souhami Luis , Warde Padraig , Lukka Himanshu
Published: July 2020

Introduction: The biennial meeting of the Genitourinary Radiation Oncologists of Canada (GUROC) took place 22-23 November 2019. A consensus-building session was held during the meeting addressing topics of emerging interest or controversy in the management of genitourinary malignancies.

Methods:Draft statements were debated among all meeting attendees in an open forum with anonymous live voting. Statements for which there was at least 75% agreement among attendees were adopted as GUROC consensus.

Results: Four evidence-based consensus statements were developed. First, the use of prostate radiotherapy is recommended in the setting of de novo low-volume metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer to improve overall survival. Second, the support of ongoing randomized trials evaluating metastasis-directed ablative local therapy in oligometastatic prostate cancer is recommended; where such trials are available, off-trial use of oligometastasis-directed ablative radiotherapy at this time is strongly discouraged. Third, routine use of prostate-rectal hydrogel spacer devices in patients with localized prostate cancer planned to receive external beam radiotherapy is not recommended; instead, selective use in patients at highest risk of rectal toxicity may be considered. Finally, multidisciplinary consultation is recommended for all patients with newly-diagnosed localized muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Conclusions: The GUROC consensus statements provide practical guidance to clinicians in areas of current controversy in the management of prostate and bladder cancer, and it is hoped that their implementation will contribute to improved outcomes in real-world practice and greater support of clinical trials.
Dignity Promotion and the Revenge of Honour
Authors: Jardar Nuland
Published: July 2020

This article argues that the West’s neoliberal ‘dignity promotion’ in other parts of the world is counter-productive and leads to the resurgence of a primordial culture of honour, a concept too often an ignored in international relations research. The author shows how the West has hijacked and neoliberalized the concept of dignity to include abstract notions of individual freedom and, above all, property rights and free trade. The concept of dignity is thus deprived of any social content. The strategy of dignity promotion, i.e. the effort to spread the idea of every individual’s inherent, inalienable worth, is based on the conviction that this will lead to a more secure world. However, sociological and anthropological research on moral cultures and honour has shown that security shapes moral cultures, not the other way round. The rise of dignity culture in the modern West was possible only when security, including social security, was provided. Conversely, honour dominates in insecure environments and resurfaces quickly when security disappears. The case study is Russia, where radical neoliberal restructuring in the early 1990s led to an anarchic brutalization of society, giving rise to a widespread culture of honour in Russian politics. On another level, Western dignity promotion in the former Soviet Union, epitomized by its support for ‘colour revolutions’, is perceived as an affront threatening Russian security by damaging its reputation for resolve. Within the culture of honour, the only moral answer to this is aggressive counter-attack.
Comparative Study of Three Preoperative Imaging Modalities for the Evaluation and Design of Superficial Circumflex Iliac Artery Perforator Flap: Color Doppler Ultrasound, Computed Tomography Angiography and Magnetic Resonance Angiography
Authors: Tian Zhuowei , Wang Shizhe , He Yue , Ma Chunyue
Published: July 2020

Background: Superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator (SCIP) flap is a promising reconstructive candidate for head and neck, trunk and extremity reconstruction. In order to reduce intraoperative errors, preoperative planning is essential for evaluation of the possible variations in vascular anatomy of the groin region. However, the use of these modalities has not been compared. Objectives: The three commonly used imaging modalities [color Doppler ultrasound (CDUS), computed tomography angiography (CTA), and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)] were therefore compared in this study for the relative accuracy in the SCIP flap planning. Patients and Methods: This study was conducted on eight patients who underwent CDUS, CTA and MRA [3-dimensional time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography, (3D TOF-MRA)] and received reconstructions with the SCIP flaps for head and neck defects. The perforators’ locations, courses and calibers were measured or marked for each flap. These imaging preoperative measurements were later compared with intraoperative findings. Results: CDUS, CTA and 3D TOF-MRA were able to effectively identify the courses of the perforators. 3D TOF-MRA was more accurate at measuring the pedicle calibers of SCIP flaps in comparison with CTA and CDUS. Conclusion: Three D-TOF-MRA may be a more valuable imaging modality for the preoperative assessment of the vascular anatomy of SCIP flaps.
The Psychological Consequences of Obesity in Adolescent Girls: A Causal-Comparative Study
Authors: Kaveh Farsani Zabihollah , Khabazi Malihe
Published: July 2020

Background: Adolescent obesity has been a major concern in numerous studies in terms of the prevention, adjustment of the underlying factors, and assessment of the physical and psychological consequences in recent decades. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the psychological consequences of obesity in adolescent girls. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted using the causal-comparative on all the first- and second-year high school girls in the academic year 2019 in Shahrekord Province, Iran. In total, 346 individuals were selected via multistage random cluster sampling for the normal students and purposive sampling for the obese students. Data were collected using Children’s depression inventory (CDI), Rosenberg self-esteem scale, and Ryff’s psychological wellbeing (PWB) scales. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 23 using the multivariate analysis of covariance. Results: The obese students had higher CDI scores and lower scores in the Rosenberg self-esteem scale and PWB compared to the normal students, with a significant difference in this regard (P < 0.001). Conclusions: According to the results, the variables of CDI, Rosenberg self-esteem scale, and PWB could be considered in the outcomes of obese adolescent girls. Therefore, psychological interventions are recommended for the minimization of these consequences.
Highlights from the First Bi-monthly Virtual Meeting of Iranian Society of Cardiac Surgeons During COVID-19 Outbreak
Authors: Hosseini Saeid , Taghipour Hamidreza , Mirzaaghayan Mohammad Reza , Alizadeh Ghavidel Alireza
Published: July 2020

: The Bi-monthly Meeting of the Iranian Society of Cardiac Surgeon (ISCS) has been held regularly since 2005. The first ISCS bi-monthly virtual meeting was held in May 2020 during the COVID-19 outbreak. We have briefly reported the content of this virtual meeting in this article.
Rhetorical Subterfuge
Authors: Eisenstadt Oona ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: July 2020

This article focuses on a Talmudic lecture Levinas delivered in 1965. Its long central section is an extended reading of most of that lecture’s images and ideas. Its frame, however, treats what does and does not change in Levinas’s conception of the State of Israel between the early ’60s and the early ’80s. At issue here are two other texts: a short but important paragraph from the 1961 lecture published as “Messianic Texts,” and the interview with Malka and Finkielkraut that took place in 1982, shortly after the massacres at Sabra and Shatila. The gist of my closing argument is that while the structure of the understanding of Israel he outlined in 1961 does not change, it is developed very differently in the 1965 lecture and the 1982 interview. I try finally to account for this difference. In the meantime, the long analysis of 1965’s “Promised Land or Permitted Land” offers a novel account of Levinas’s hermeneutic, an account that might perhaps be applied to other Talmudic lectures.
Intervención fisioterápica en el proceso rehabilitador de pacientes con daño cerebral adquirido
Authors: Hernando Rosado Alicia , Useros Ana Isabel
Published: July 2020

There are different points of view on physical therapy treatament in neurorehabilitation. During the last years physical therapy intervention has been defined as the group of actions that allow the relearning of motor processes in pathological circumstances. Treatament has an holistic focus and the patient is treated as a functional unit with a global organic response. Patient rehabilitation after brain injuy is divided in two periods: acute and subacute. In the beginning of rehabilitation, physical therapy assess the patient´s functional status. Later it uses different holistic methods of treatment and monitor effectiveness of rehabilitation. Physical therapy consists of prevention of complications, improvement of muscle force and range of motion, balance, movement coordination, endurance and cognitive function. Early an proper rehabilitation can help to regain lost functions and to come back to society.
Factores relacionados con la falta de conciencia de los déficit en el daño cerebral
Authors: González Begoña , Paúl Nuria , Blázquez Juan Luis , Ríos-Lago Marcos
Published: July 2020

Our purpose was to investigate the influence of several factors in the manifestation of impaired awareness following brain injury. We focused on the following factors, at one side the brain injury hemispheric side (right or left) and its neuroanatomical location, and on the other hand, the relation between initial severity and time post-injury. Participants were 86 patients with brain injury and their relatives recruited from the Brain Damage Unity, Beata M.a Ana de Jesús Hospital. All of them were administered the questionnaire «patient competency rating scale». Assessment data showed that 66% of the patients perceived their behavioural abilities as more effective than their families' valuation. Lack of awareness did not correlate with injury location, but so with injury initial severity, sustaining after the following year.
Rasgos básicos del derecho constitucional : sistema ; libertad, igualdad y solidaridad ; teoría
Authors: Ferreyra Raúl Gustavo
Published: July 2020

El Derecho constitucional es una de las más importantes creaciones humanas para programar y ordenar la convivencia de los ciudadanos en el marco del Estado. Teniendo en cuenta que con la función descriptiva del lenguaje humano surge la idea de la verdad, o sea, de una descripción que se apega a los hechos, se presentan tres orientaciones «Derecho constitucional»: (a) el Derecho constitucional como el Derecho objetivo que concretiza la organización fundamental de los poderes del Estado y que confiere el reconocimiento de los derechos fundamentales de las personas; (b) el derecho constitucional como derecho subjetivo: individual, social o grupal, o colectivo o de incidencia colectiva; y (c) el derecho Constitucional como el saber o teoría del sistema constitucional del Estado democrático. Para cumplir la tarea y en la inteligencia que entender el derecho o sistema constitucional implica la comprensión previa de su objeto para pasar a su descripción, la cuestión que es planteada en el contexto de la exposición es, de manera sustantiva, la relativa a las disposiciones normativas contenidas en el sistema constitucional federal de la Argentina, actual, individual y concreto
Tener y ser en Constitución
Authors: Lucas Verdú Pablo
Published: July 2020

En este trabajo se analizan las diferencias existentes entre el «tener» una Constitución y el «estar» en Constitución. Y la cuestión acerca de cual es preferible, a saber. ¿Tener Constitución o estar en ella? El autor considera que son las dos. En efecto, el tener una Carta Fundamental es un paso adelante capital. Estar en ella es su culminación. Dicho de otro modo se empieza por tenerla y se acaba por mantenerla. Gran Bretaña es una excepción. Dicho de otro modo, cuando se tiene una Constitución su culminación es estar en ella. Son dos afirmaciones coherentes. Cuando falta una de ellas sufren sus destinatarios. Desde esta perspectiva, la cuestión que el autor se plantea es la siguiente: «sin duda en España tenemos Constitución pero ¿estamos en ella?»
Buena gobernanza y relaciones internacionales en las organizaciones deportivas iraníes
Authors: Rassouli M. , Sajjadi N. , Mosaffa N. , Rasekh N.
Published: July 2020

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la buena gobernanza y las relaciones internacionales en las organizaciones deportivas iraníes. La muestra estaba compuesta por 150 gestores deportivos de Irán. El instrumento utilizado fue un cuestionario ad hoc basado en los principios universales básicos de buena gobernanza del Movimiento Olímpico y Deportivo. Se confirmó la validez y fiabilidad del cuestionario. Después de la recopilación de datos, los datos se analizaron con IBM SPSS Amos 23, utilizando métodos estadísticos descriptivos e inferenciales. Según los gestores deportivos iraníes que participaron en este estudio, los factores más importantes de buena gobernanza y de relaciones internacionales en las organizaciones deportivas iraníes fueron, en orden de importancia: integridad interna e independencia, transparencia, responsabilidad, disciplina, rendición de cuentas, estado de derecho, participación y democracia.

This study aimed to analyze good governance (GG) and international relations in Iranian sports organizations. The sample was composed of 150 sport managers from Iran. The instrument used was an ad hoc questionnaire based on the basic universal principles of GG of the Olympic and Sports Movement. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed. After data collection, the data were analyzed with IBM SPSS Amos 23, using descriptive and inferential statistical methods. According to the Iranian sports managers that participated in this study, the most important factors of GG and international relations in Iranian sports organizations were, in order of importance: Internal integrity and independency, transparency, responsibility, discipline, accountability, rule of law, participation and democracy.
Incidencia de la personalidad y resiliencia en la aparición del burnout en una muestra de deportistas españoles
Authors: García-Hernández MD. , Garcés de los Fayos Ruiz EJ. , González Hernández J. , Ortín Montero FJ.
Published: July 2020

El objetivo principal de esta investigación fue conocer los niveles de burnout en deportistas y la relación de este síndrome con la personalidad desde el Modelo de los Cinco Factores de Costa y McCrae, añadiendo asimismo la resiliencia. La muestra estuvo constituida por 141 hombres y mujeres. Se utilizaron el IBD-R, NEO-FFI, Escala de Resistencia, e IPAQ para registrar y medir las variables anteriormente mencionadas. Los resultados apuntaron a que los participantes presentaban niveles moderados en todas las dimensiones del burnout. Además, ser hombre estaba asociado a mayores niveles de burnout, así como estar federado, participar en un deporte individual y pasar un mayor número de horas de entrenamiento. La edad no resultó ser una variable influyente en el padecimiento de este síndrome. Asimismo, los resultados indicaron un patrón de personalidad vulnerable del Modelo de los Cinco Factores, consistente en altos niveles de neuroticismo y bajos niveles de responsabilidad, amabilidad, apertura y extraversión. Por último, la resiliencia también fue una variable protectora del burnout.

The aim of this research was to know the level of burnout in athletes and the relation between this syndrome and personality from Costa and McCrae’s five factors model, adding also the resilience. The sample consisted of 141 athletes (M = 21.20; SD = 3.64). IBD-R, NEO-FFI, Resilience Scale, and IPAQ were used to record and measure the variables previously mentioned. Results indicated that the participants had moderated levels in all dimensions of burnout. Also, being a man was associated to higher burnout levels, as well as being federated, participating in an individual sport and spending a higher quantity of hours training. Age didn’t turn out to be an influential variable in the suffering of this syndrome. Moreover, results indicated a vulnerable personality pattern from Five Factors Model, consisting on high levels of neuroticism and low levels of responsibility, kindness, openness and extraversion. Lastly, resilience was also a protective variable for burnout.
Análisis del turismo deportivo de nostalgia en los aficionados de fútbol de la Copa del Golfo Pérsico
Authors: Zare S. , Zarei A. , Tejari F.
Published: July 2020

El propósito de este estudio fue analizar el turismo deportivo de nostalgia en los aficionados de fútbol de la Copa del Golfo Pérsico. La muestra del estudio consistió en 210 aficionados de fútbol de la Copa del Golfo Pérsico. Los participantes fueron seleccionados mediante muestreo aleatorio estratificado. La escala de nostalgia para el turismo deportivo de Cho (2014) se utilizó para recopilar los datos. Las hipótesis del estudio se analizaron mediante análisis factorial confirmatorio de ecuaciones estructurales. Se encontró que la nostalgia tiene un efecto sobre las intenciones de comportamiento y la actitud de los aficionados de fútbol y que, esa actitud, no tiene un papel mediador en la relación entre la nostalgia y las intenciones de comportamiento de los aficionados de fútbol. La nostalgia de los espectadores está relacionada con varios factores, como el ambiente deportivo y las experiencias que los aficionados viven juntos cuando asisten a eventos deportivos. En conclusión, los aficionados de fútbol de la Copa del Golfo Pérsico que tienen una actitud positiva hacia los partidos de fútbol pueden tener mejores tendencias de comportamiento y, en el futuro, esto puede crear emociones nostálgicas.

The purpose of this study was to analyse nostalgia sport tourism in football fans of Persian Gulf Pro League. The sample of the study consisted of 210 football fans of Persian Gulf Pro League. The participants were selected through stratified random sampling. The Nostalgia Scale for Sport Tourism by Cho (2014) was used to collect the data. Confirmatory factor analysis of structural equations was used to analyse the hypotheses of the study. It was found that nostalgia has an effect on the behavioural intentions and attitude of football fans and that attitude has not a mediating role in the relationship between nostalgia and behavioural intentions of football fans. The nostalgia of the spectators is related to several factors, such as the sport environment and the experiences that the fans live together when they go to sport events. In conclusion, those football fans of Persian Gulf Pro League who have a positive attitude toward the football games may have better behavioural tendencies and, in the future, this can create nostalgic emotions.
Structures reveal gatekeeping of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter by MICU1-MICU2
Authors: Wang Chongyuan , Jacewicz Agata , Delgado Bryce D , Baradaran Rozbeh , Long Stephen Barstow
Published: July 2020

The mitochondrial calcium uniporter is a Ca2+-gated ion channel complex that controls mitochondrial Ca2+ entry and regulates cell metabolism. MCU and EMRE form the channel while Ca2+-dependent regulation is conferred by MICU1 and MICU2 through an enigmatic process. We present a cryo-EM structure of an MCU-EMRE-MICU1-MICU2 holocomplex comprising MCU and EMRE subunits from the beetle Tribolium castaneum in complex with a human MICU1-MICU2 heterodimer at 3.3 Å resolution. With analogy to how neuronal channels are blocked by protein toxins, a uniporter interaction domain on MICU1 binds to a channel receptor site comprising MCU and EMRE subunits to inhibit ion flow under resting Ca2+ conditions. A Ca2+-bound structure of MICU1-MICU2 at 3.1 Å resolution indicates how Ca2+-dependent changes enable dynamic response to cytosolic Ca2+ signals.
Chlorine-based DUWL disinfectant leads to a different microbial composition of water derived biofilms compared to H2O2-based chemical disinfectants in vitro
Authors: Zemouri Charifa , Laheij Alexa M.G.A. , Volgenant Catherine M.C. , Brandt Bernd W. , Crielaard Wim , Buijs Mark J. , Zaura Egija , de Soet Johannes J.
Published: July 2020

Background

Biofilm formation in dental unit waterlines (DUWL) may lead to health risks for dental staff and patients. Therefore, dental unit waterlines need to be disinfected, for instance by using chemical disinfectants. However, the application of chemical disinfectants may lead to the selection of specific microorganisms. Therefore, the aim of our study was to assess the microbial composition of water-derived biofilms, after a continuous exposure to maintenance doses of commercially available chemical disinfectants, in vitro.

Methods

The AAA-model was used to grow water derived biofilms. The biofilms were subjected to the maintenance dose of each disinfectant. To determine the microbial composition, the V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced. The sequences were clustered in operational taxonomic units (OTUs).

Results

The bacterial composition of biofilms in all treatment groups differed significantly (PERMANOVA F = 4.441, p = 0.001). Pairwise comparisons revealed Anoxyl treated biofilms were significantly different from all groups (p = 0.0001). In the Anoxyl-treated biofilms, the relative abundance of Comamonadaceae and Sphingopyxis was high compared to the Dentosept, Green and Clean and Oxygenal groups.

Conclusion

We concluded that exposure to low doses of the chlorine-based chemical disinfectant Anoxyl led to a substantially different composition of water derived biofilms compared to biofilms exposed to H2O2-based chemical disinfectants.
Decomposition of dinosaurian remains inferred by invertebrate traces on vertebrate bone reveal new insights into Late Jurassic ecology, decay, and climate in western Colorado
Authors: McHugh Julia B. , Drumheller Stephanie K. , Riedel Anja , Kane Miriam
Published: July 2020

A survey of 2,368 vertebrate fossils from the Upper Jurassic Mygatt-Moore Quarry (MMQ) (Morrison Formation, Brushy Basin Member) in western Colorado revealed 2,161 bone surface modifications on 884 specimens. This is the largest, site-wide bone surface modification survey of any Jurassic locality. Traces made by invertebrate actors were common in the assemblage, second in observed frequency after vertebrate bite marks. Invertebrate traces are found on 16.174% of the total surveyed material and comprise 20.148% of all identified traces. Six distinct invertebrate trace types were identified, including pits and furrows, rosettes, two types of bioglyph scrapes, bore holes and chambers. A minimum of four trace makers are indicated by the types, sizes and morphologies of the traces. Potential trace makers are inferred to be dermestid or clerid beetles, gastropods, an unknown necrophagous insect, and an unknown osteophagus insect. Of these, only gastropods are preserved at the site as body fossils. The remaining potential trace makers are part of the hidden paleodiversity from the North American Late Jurassic Period, revealed only through this ichnologic and taphonomic analysis. Site taphonomy suggests variable, but generally slow burial rates that range from months up to 6 years, while invertebrate traces on exposed elements indicate a minimum residence time of five months for carcasses with even few preserved invertebrate traces. These traces provide insight into the paleoecology, paleoclimate, and site formation of the MMQ, especially with regards to residence times of the skeletal remains on the paleolandscape. Comprehensive taphonomic studies, like this survey, are useful in exploring patterns of paleoecology and site formation, but they are also rare in Mesozoic assemblages. Additional work is required to determine if 16.174% is typical of bulk-collected fossils from Jurassic ecosystems in North America, or if the MMQ represents an unusual locality.
Spanish Reading Influences in Goodreads: Participation, Experience and Canon Proposed
Authors: García-Roca Anastasio
Published: July 2020

Nobody doubts the importance of digital influencers when it comes to the selection and acquisition of new products and services. In the specific field of literary reading, literary blogs, booktubers and specialized websites that act as prescribers of reading stand out. This study presents a descriptive research model in which a multivariate analysis of the main sociodemographic characteristics, assessments, readings and activities developed by the 100 most important reading influencers in Spain was carried out. For this purpose, data were taken from the most widely used reading cataloguing platform, i.e. Goodreads. It was found to be mainly about women with a developed reading habit and with an effervescent and extensive experience in literary blogs, thematic social networks, etc. In addition, the results show that the more influencers evolve as readers the more demanding they become more in their assessments, which in turn translates into greater influence. Influencers’ recognition in the platform, therefore, is subject to their reading experience, critical capacity and personal criteria. Finally, it was learned that the canon of authors and works best valued by these relevant users is heterogeneous, although works and authors related to Young Adult Literature and bestsellers predominate to a certain extent.
Universities Under Pressure: the Impact of International University Rankings
Authors: Vidal Javier , Ferreira Camino
Published: July 2020

This paper synthesizes the characteristics of university rankings that cause pressure or ‘harassment’ on universities and analyses possible strategies for action that can be carried out in the real context of the three main university rankings (QS, THE, ARWU), suggesting the consequences for the so-called world-class universities and others (which represent 95% of the total). Although there is controversy over the criteria of the university ranking systems, many universities are establishing strategies aimed at adapting to these criteria and indicators and improving their positions. This study concludes that international university rankings should not be a relevant source of information to consider the quality of universities because this can have a negative impact on the development of medium- and long-term policies in higher education and the universities themselves. Universities should concentrate on their mission and must provide valid and reliable information to all stakeholders about the level of achievement of their goals.
Analysing Dialogue in STEM Classrooms in Ecuador: A Dual Socioeconomic Context in a High School
Authors: Ching-Chiang Lay-Wah Carolina , Fernández-Cárdenas Juan Manuel
Published: July 2020

Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths education (STEM Education) is presented as a way to reduce marginalisation and promote inclusion in developing countries. This qualitative study aims to identify ways of reducing marginality and promoting inclusion through dialogic and transformative learning by high school teachers of the New Harvest School (NHS), particularly in STEM Education. Method: The study was carried out within the framework of the critical social approach identifying four characteristics of dialogism. The data comprised ethnographic observations of classes, and interviews with the selected teachers, the vice-chancellor and the administrator of the institution. Results: The dialogic characteristics of sequentiality, positioning, historicity and plurality were found in the science classes taught by the institution. Teachers have curricular knowledge capabilities regarding STEM education; however, recommendations were presented regarding the dialogic training that teachers should have, which made this study particularly relevant for improving teachers’ skills in this field. This article suggests options to create spaces for the use of educational dialogue and a liberating practice of education.
Bibliometric and Collaborative Network Analysis on Active Methodologies in Education
Authors: Segura-Robles Adrián , Parra-González María Elena , Gallardo-Vigil Miguel Ángel
Published: July 2020

Teachers have gradually been making more use of active methodologies at all educational levels, and some even carry out research in this area. The objective of this research was to develop a bibliometric study in order to gain an in-depth view of the scientific literature on active methodologies in education. An analysis of the classic descriptions of bibliometrics, co-authorship indexes and collaboration networks was carried out, using documents indexed by the Web of Science on active methodologies in education between 2009 and 2019. The final data corpus is composed of 513 documents. The results show that publications on this type of research are booming, demonstrating a growing interest in these kinds of studies in the short and medium term. English is the predominant language in these studies, as occurs in the general scientific literature. The results indicate a limited range of topics being studied currently and likely growth in coming years. Therefore, this category of research can be considered as a relevant field of study for the scientific community in the short and medium term.
Assessment of Water Quality of a Tropical River with Special Reference to Ions
Authors: Sheeja R. V. , Sheela A. M. , Jaya S. , Joseph Sabu
Published: July 2020

The role of ions in a tropical river water (Neyyar, Kerala) was assessed. Rock weathering is the dominating mechanism controlling the major ion chemistry of Neyyar river. The dominance of Cl-HCO3-Na during monsoon indicates that geology plays a major role in controlling water chemistry. The presence of mineral varieties of quartz, feldspars, pyroxene, biotite, etc., in the Pre-Cambrian crystalline namely Khondalite and Charnockites, could be the source of major ions. The major ion chemistry of Neyyar river waters show that Na is the dominant cation with lower proportions of Mg and Ca, with HCO3 and Cl as the dominant anions. It belongs to the HCO3 group with significant amounts of Na and Cacations. The dominance of Cl-HCO3-Ca and Ca-HCO3-Cl during post monsoon and pre monsoon respectively indicates that besides geology, the land drainage and anthropogenic activities also control river water. The change in water type observed during monsoon from Na-Cl-HCO3 to Na-Ca-Cl-HCO3 almost from the middle portion may be attributed to anthropogenic pollution. Hence attention is to be paid to take the control measures to prevent the pollution in this stretch of the river.
Yield and Precocity Features of Okra Varieties in Piranhas–Alagoas State/Brazil
Authors: Costa Kleyton Danilo da Silva , Filgueira Helena Thays Rodrigues , Lima Francismária Freitas de , Almeida Luiz Thiago Soares , Santos Jivanilsson Silva dos , Nascimento Denisson Lima , Bizerra Maria Marta Soares , Prates Fabiano Barbosa de Souza , Silva Michelangelo de Oliveira , Santos Ana Maria Maciel dos , Silva Maria Amélia de Oliveira
Published: July 2020

The aim of the current research is to assess the yield and precocity features of five okra varieties (Quiabel, IAC Midori, TPX-49, Valença and Santa Cruz) in Piranhas – Alagoas state/Brazil. The experiment was conducted in Alagoas Federal Institute, from February to May 2019. The experiment followed a randomized block design with four repetitions per treatment; 20 experimental plots, in total. The following variables were assessed after harvesting: fruit length; fruit yield until the 3rd harvest; yield until the 6th harvest; yield until the 9th harvest; yield until the 12th harvest; yield until the 15th harvest and yield until the 18th harvest. Commercial hybrid Quiabel and experimental hybrid TPX-49 had the best yield performance in all harvests: 8,282.98 kg.ha-1 and 6,882.78 kg.ha-1, respectively. Hybrid Quiabel was the most precocious variety in the initial harvests, followed by experimental hybrid TPX-49 and by free pollination Valença varieties. Variety Free pollination Santa Cruz was the least precocious, even though it was the most cultivated variety in the region.
Thermal Stability of Nanocrystalline NiS2 as High Specific Capacity Thermal Battery Cathode Material
Authors: Yang Wenju , Zhou Lingping , Luo Zeshunji , Zhu Jiajun , Yang Wulin , Li Deyi , Fu Licai
Published: July 2020

Nanocrystallization can shorten the Li+ transport distance, resulting in the enhancement of electrochemical activity for cathode materials. However, nanocathode materials tend to be thermally unstable, further leading to poor electrochemical performance of a battery system. This disadvantage can be especially detrimental for thermal batteries because they are often operated at high temperatures (≥450 °C). Herein, the decomposition character of NiS2 at 500 °C is investigated. The decomposition temperatures of NiS2 are found to decrease from 510 to 350 °C with the grain size decreasing to 39 nm, due to the dramatically increased surface energy. The decomposition product is confirmed to be NiS, evidenced by a high‐temperature X‐ray diffractometer. The useful mass of the cathode will reduce once the discharging temperature is higher than 500 °C. Namely, although the small grain size shorthens the Li+ transport distance, the discharge performance of the NiS2 cathode may also decrease due to its inferior thermal stability. For the Li‐B/LiF–LiCl–LiBr/NiS2 system, the NiS2 with the grain size of 70 nm shows the highest specific capacity of 831 mAh g−1 under the discharging temperature of 500 °C, with the cut‐off voltage of 0.5 V, compared with other grain sizes from 39 to 112 nm.
Enhanced Performance of Planar Perovskite Solar Cells Induced by Van Der Waals Epitaxial Growth of Mixed Perovskite Films on WS2 Flakes
Authors: Cao Jiupeng , Tang Guanqi , You Peng , Wang Tianyue , Zheng Fangyuan , Zhao Jiong , Yan Feng
Published: July 2020

Organic–inorganic metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted much research interest owing to their high power conversion efficiency (PCE), solution processability, and the great potential for commercialization. However, the device performance is closely related to the quality of the perovskite film and the interface properties, which cannot be easily controlled by solution processes. Here, 2D WS2 flakes with defect‐free surfaces are introduced as a template for van der Waals epitaxial growth of mixed perovskite films by solution process for the first time. The mixed perovskite films demonstrate a preferable growth along (001) direction on WS2 surfaces. In addition, the WS2/perovskite heterojunction forms a cascade energy alignment for efficient charge extraction and reduced interfacial recombination. The inverted PSCs with WS2 interlayers show high PCEs up to 21.1%, which is among the highest efficiency of inverted planar PSCs. This work demonstrates that high‐mobility 2D materials can find important applications in PSCs as well as other perovskite‐based optoelectronic devices.
From Passive Inorganic Oxides to Active Matters of Micro/Nanomotors
Authors: Liu Wenjuan , Chen Xiao , Lu Xiaolong , Wang Joseph , Zhang Yanan , Gu Zhongwei
Published: July 2020

Controllable actuation and coordinating motion of artificial self‐propelled micro/nanomotors to mimic the motile natural microorganism systems are of great significance for constructing intelligent nanoscale machines. In particular, inorganic oxide particles have shown considerable promise in implementation of synthetic micro/nanomotors, due to their unique features and active response to environmental stimuli. This work critically reviews the recent progress in inorganic oxide‐based micro/nanomotors and focuses on their propulsion response to chemical and physical stimuli, especially emphasizing and discussing operating principles in the single engine, adaptive navigation under composite‐driven powers, and intriguing collective behaviors. The impact of oxide structure, multiple fields in motion controllability, and interaction between grouped micro/nanomotors are explored. Practical applications of individual and assembled micro/nanomotors in environmental and biomedical fields are demonstrated, including the removal of pollutants, drug delivery, cancer therapy, and in vivo imaging. Finally, current challenges for the development of novel micro/nanomotors and possible constraints toward the defined structure and accumulated toxicity are discussed along with future opportunities and directions. Owing to their facile synthesis, impressive physicochemical performances, high biocompatibility, and versatile actuations, it is expected that the association of inorganic oxides with micro/nanomotors will bring new and unique capabilities to the field of active matter.
Active Site Engineering in Porous Electrocatalysts
Authors: Chen Hui , Liang Xiao , Liu Yipu , Ai Xuan , Asefa Tewodros , Zou Xiaoxin
Published: July 2020

Electrocatalysis is at the center of many sustainable energy conversion technologies that are being developed to reduce the dependence on fossil fuels. The past decade has witnessed significant progresses in the exploitation of advanced electrocatalysts for diverse electrochemical reactions involved in electrolyzers and fuel cells, such as the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), the nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR), and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, the recent research advances made in porous electrocatalysts for these five important reactions are reviewed. In the discussions, an attempt is made to highlight the advantages of porous electrocatalysts in multiobjective optimization of surface active sites including not only their density and accessibility but also their intrinsic activity. First, the current knowledge about electrocatalytic active sites is briefly summarized. Then, the electrocatalytic mechanisms of the five above‐mentioned reactions (HER, ORR, CO2RR, NRR, and OER), the current challenges faced by these reactions, and the recent efforts to meet these challenges using porous electrocatalysts are examined. Finally, the future research directions on porous electrocatalysts including synthetic strategies leading to these materials, insights into their active sites, and the standardized tests and the performance requirements involved are discussed.
Recent Advances in the Construction of Spiro Compounds via Radical Dearomatization
Authors: Yang Wen‐Chao , Zhang Ming‐Ming , Feng Jian‐Guo
Published: July 2020

The field in dearomatization of aromatic compounds for the construction of spirocycle compounds has been developed rapidly over the last two decades and it provides alternative synthetic method without using extra stoichiometric amounts of chemical oxidants or reductants. In addition, the radical cascade reactions of alkenes or alkynes that produce multiple chemical bonds in one‐step are significant in the direct and efficient building of complex molecules. By combining these two concepts, dearomatization and radical cascade reactions of alkenes or alkynes opens a new and powerful avenue in accessing spirocycle molecules. These cascade reactions have been well explored in the past decade. As a result, we summarize recent eventful advances in this rapidly growing area as a review, in which the typical examples are listed and mechanism are also discussed.

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Involvement of Unsaturated Switching in the Endurance Cycling of Si‐doped HfO2 Ferroelectric Thin Films
Authors: Li Shuaidong , Zhou Dayu , Shi Zhixin , Hoffmann Michael , Mikolajick Thomas , Schroeder Uwe
Published: July 2020

In the past decade, extensive studies on HfO2‐based ferroelectric thin films have been carried out in order to realize their application in high‐density, low‐power, and high‐speed nonvolatile memories. However, understanding the field cycling endurance, which is extremely important for device performance, is still a serious issue. In this work, the frequency and field dependent subcycling behavior is carefully examined. The differences in split‐up effects induced at different subcycling conditions are analyzed by comparing the evolution of polarization‐electric field and transient current hysteresis loops monitored by two subsequent triangular voltage waveforms with different amplitudes. Using the first‐order reversal curves, the evolution of the switching and backswitching field distribution before and after numerous subcycles is characterized. An intuitive model based on the migration of oxygen vacancies from switchable regions to non‐switchable regions and subsequent movement toward top/bottom electrode interface driven by the transient depolarization field is proposed to explain the generation and enhancement of local bias fields.
Soil inorganic carbon under no‐till dryland crop rotations
Authors: Sainju Upendra M. , Allen Brett L. , Jabro Jalal D. , Stevens William B.
Published: July 2020

Soil inorganic carbon (SIC) constitutes a large proportion of soil total carbon (STC) under dryland cropping systems in arid and semiarid regions. Information on the effect of management practices on SIC is scarce. We evaluated the effect of 1‐ to 4‐yr no‐till diversified crop rotations on SIC at the 0‐ to 120‐cm depth in Sidney and Friod, MT. The SIC increased from the soil surface to 90‐cm depth and then declined. Crop rotations did not affect SIC and STC, except at 90–120 cm in Sidney where barley (Hordeum vulgare L) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L) in rotation with pea (Pisum sativum L.) had higher SIC than other crop rotations. The SIC contributed from 0% of STC at 0–15 cm for most crop rotations to 78% at 60–90 cm for barley–pea rotation. Long‐term studies are needed to evaluate the effect of dryland crop rotations on SIC in the northern Great Plains.