bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental Study of Power Increase Transient in Heat Generation Systems Simulated By Immersed Heat Source
Authors: Ezzat Akram W. Ahmed , Hussain Sarmad A. Abdul
Published: May 2023

Theoretical and experimental investigations of the transient heat transfer parameters of constant heat flux source subjected to water flowing in the downward direction in closed channel are conducted. The power increase transient is ensured by step change increase in the heat source power. The theoretical investigation involved a mathematical modeling for axially symmetric, simultaneously developing laminar water flow in a vertical annulus. The mathematical model is based on one dimensional downward flow. The boundary conditions of the studied case are based on adiabatic outer wall, while the inner wall is subjected to a constant heat flux. The heat & mass balance equation derived for specified element of bulk water within the annulus and solved by using Laplace method todetermine the variation of bulk water temperature. The experimental investigation included a set of experiments carried out to investigate the temperature variation along the heat source for power increase transient of (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) of its nominal value during and after reaching the steady state condition. Estimation of the boiling safety factor is predicted and compared with the theoretical values. Reliable agreement between experimental and theoretical approaches is reached. The later showed that the elapsed time required for the clad surface temperature to reach its steady state values after each transient is less than that related to bulk water temperature. New correlation for prediction of critical heat flux, CHF based on inlet water temperature and water mass flux are investigated and compared with CHF correlations obtained from previous researches. Specific recommendations concerned with preventive measured required to eliminate the effect of boiling crisis are concluded based on theoretical and experimental results related to transients setting times obtained from each case study.
Polycystic testis in bull of Holstein Breed
Authors: Semenov B. , Husainova G. , Kuznetsova T. , Finageev E.
Published: May 2023

Purpose: diagnosis of the disease and the subsequent surgical treatment of the Golstinsky breed bullshit in connection with a violation of the development of the testis.

Materials and methods. The object of the study is the Golstein goby, which was born on a farm in Thuringia and then was contained in the general group (15 calves) on a deep straw litter. We carried out an early diagnosis of an animal disease aged 2 weeks, with a mass of 55 kg. During the clinical study, the condition of the calf was recorded as good, he actively took food, the clinical indicators were within normal limits, however, an increase in the volume of the scrotum that was inappropriate for its age was observed, and left -handed cryptorchidism was established. On the palpation of the scrotum, a slight soreness was noted, an increase in the right tested to 5 cm in length, 3 cm in width, the density of the shells of the testis and the fluctuation of the parenchyma. The left seed was not available for research due to its abdominal location. Since there was a rapid increase in the right seed, it was decided to carry out a unilateral castration of a bull to prevent the further development of the pathological process.

Results. Castration was carried out with a bloody closed way on a firm ligature. The remote organ in the section did not have a clearly expressed parenchyma, but contained many cystic formations with transparent, liquid contents, in some cysts the contents were an admixture of blood. As a result of the surgical treatment of the bull, a pathologically changed testicist was removed, the second testis, which is abdominal, was left. To date, this disease is not fully studied and requires further thorough studies.
Gynecopathology in the Diagnosis and Assessment of Chronic Endometritis
Authors: Ge Yimeng , Yang Shuo , Yu Yang , Liu Yan , Li Rong
Published: May 2023

Objectives: To summarize the gynecopathology findings in the diagnosis and assessment of chronic endometritis (CE) and provide insights into the therapeutics of CE. Mechanism: Chronic endometritis (CE) refers to the inflammatory state of the endometrium, which might alter endometrial receptivity and impact embryo implantation. As a relatively asymptomatic disease, the diagnosis and assessment of CE mainly lies in endometrial biopsy and further morphological and functional examinations. The authors searched the electronic database with a combination of key terms including chronic endometritis, histopathology, hysteroscopy, microbiota, inflammation, vascularization, decidualization as well as autophagy and summarized the current findings.in the diagnosis and assessment of CE. Findings in Brief: Plasma cell infiltration with immune staining, hysteroscopic manifestations including swelling, hyperemia and micropolyps, and pathogenic diagnosis were the main criteria for diagnosing CE. Further assessment of CE revealed the release of proinflammatory cytokines, leukocyte infiltration, enhanced vascularization and autophagy. These factors all contribute to an inflammatory state of the endometrium and decreased flow reserve supplying the embryo, which lead to the pathway explaining implantation failure in CE patients. Conclusions: Gynecopathology plays an essential role in the diagnosis and assessment of CE. Understanding such methods can help to screen out asymptomatic patients and initiate proper treatment, which eventually promotes better knowledge of the relationship between CE and embryo implantation and a higher successful implantation rate.
Treatment of Post-Stroke Dysphagia with Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Based on the Bimodal Balance Recovery Model: A Pilot Study
Authors: Wang Lu , Wang Fengyun , Lin Yanmin , Guo Xiaojun , Wang Jingjing , Liu Jianbin , Feng Chunqing , Xu Shibin , Wang Yanhong , Gao Chengfei , Mei Yankang , Li Yanhui
Published: May 2023

Background: Brain plasticity and functional reorganization are the main mechanisms of stroke rehabilitation and the theoretical basis for transcranial magnetic therapy. Bimodal balance recovery model suggests that the structural integrity of neural pathways affects the functional reorganization mode of brain recovery after stroke. The principal neural pathway that innervates swallowing is the corticobulbar tract (CBT). The goal is to investigate the impact of corticobulbar tract integrity on swallowing function recovery in post-stroke dysphagia (PSD) patients treated with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). Methods: Thirty-five patients with high CBT integrity (relative fractional anisotropy (rFA) >0.5) and 32 patients with low CBT integrity (rFA ≤0.5) were respectively assigned to three subgroups through a random number table: 5 Hz frequency rTMS group, 1 Hz frequency rTMS group, and Sham rTMS group. The Standardized Swallowing Assessment (SSA), Penetration Aspiration Scale (PAS), and Dysphagia Outcome Severity Scale (DOSS) were analyzed before and after therapy. Results: Significant improvements in SSA (p < 0.05), PAS (p < 0.05), and DOSS scores (p < 0.05) were seen in the high frequency (HF) and low frequency (LF) groups compared with the Sham group for patients with high CBT integrity. Increased SSA (p < 0.05), PAS (p < 0.05), and DOSS scores (p < 0.05) demonstrated that the HF group achieved greater remediation than the LF and Sham groups for patients with low CBT integrity. Conclusions: Both 5 Hz and 1 Hz rTMS over the contralateral hemisphere are effective for the treatment of swallowing disorders for patients with high CBT integrity after stroke; 5 Hz rTMS over the contralateral hemisphere is more effective than 1 Hz and sham stimulation for patients with low CBT integrity.
The Anatomy and Clinical Significance of Sensory Disturbance in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Ma Benxu , Zhang Jianying , Cui Yanlei , Gao Huanmin
Published: May 2023

The clinical features of Parkinson’s disease (PD) include tremors and rigidity. However, paresthesia has not drawn clinical attention. PD involves the whole body and begins with gastrointestinal lesions, which do not start in the midbrain substantia nigra, but from the beginning of the medulla oblongata of the glossopharyngeal nerve nuclei, to the motor nerve dorsal nucleus of the vagus nerve, to the pons and midbrain, and finally to the neocortex. The human eye, ear, nose, tongue, and body perceive the external world. (1) Visual impairment in patients with PD can be easily confused with senile eye disease. This change in retinal pigment cells has many similarities to the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra in PD. (2) Selective high-frequency hearing impairment can cause a certain degree of communication barriers, only understanding the son’s bass but not the daughter’s soprano, and there is a certain relationship between hearing and body postural balance. (3) Olfactory loss is one of the earliest signs of PD and an important indicator for the early screening of PD. (4) Taste disorders, including loss of taste and taste memory, can cause cognitive impairment. (5) The body’s sense of touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and position abnormalities interfere with the motor symptoms of PD and seriously affect the quality of life of patients. This article discusses vision, hearing, smell, taste, touch, and analyses of neuroanatomy and pathology, revealing its clinical significance.
Salvianolic Acids Alleviate Chronic Mild Stress-Induced Depressive-Like Behaviors in Rats
Authors: Zhen Fengya , Yu Lulu , Wang Lan , Wang Shuo , Lu Wenting , Wang Xueyi , An Cuixia
Published: May 2023

Background: Salvianolic acids possess anti-inflammatory properties. This study investigated the therapeutic effect of salvianolic acids on chronic mild stress (CMS)-induced depressive-like behaviors in rats and the involvement of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88). Methods: Eighty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly subjected to CMS or non-CMS protocol for 6 weeks. Starting 3 weeks after CMS exposure, the rats in each group were administered saline, fluoxetine (positive control), salvianolic acids, or salvianolic acids + fluoxetine daily for 3 weeks. The body weight change, sucrose preference, and immobility duration in forced swimming were examined before and after drug treatment. The rats were sacrificed at 3 weeks after drug treatment. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to measure the mRNA levels of TLR4 and MyD88 in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of rats. Results: Compared with non-CMS rats, CMS rats had significantly reduced weight gains and sucrose preference, along with significantly increased immobility durations and elevated mRNA levels of TLR4 and MyD88 in both the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Treatment with fluoxetine and salvianolic acids, alone or in combination, facilitated weight gains, alleviated depressive-like behaviors, and reduced cerebral TLR4/MyD88 mRNA levels in CMS rats. Besides, fluoxetine and salvianolic acids additively suppressed TLR4/MyD88 mRNA expression in the prefrontal cortex of rats. Furthermore, TLR4 mRNA levels in both hippocampus and prefrontal cortex positively correlated with MyD88 mRNA expression, inflammatory cytokine secretion, and immobility duration but negatively correlated with sucrose preference. Conclusions: Thus, salvianolic acids alleviate depressive-like behaviors, possibly by suppressing TLR4/MyD88-mediated inflammatory signaling in the brain.
Apigenin Alleviates Allodynia and Hyperalgesia in a Mouse Model of Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy via Regulating Microglia Activation and Polarization
Authors: Xie Wenji , Xie Wenqin , Jiang Changcheng , Kang Zhenming , Liu Naizhen
Published: May 2023

Background: Apigenin has been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities. This study aimed to investigate the protective role of Apigenin on chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). Methods: CIPN mouse model was established using Paclitaxel treatment. Hot plate and tail prick latency tests were performed to examine the allodynia and hyperalgesia behaviors. Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects of Apigenin on CIPN were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assay, Western blot, and qRT-PCR. Nuclear recruitment of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) was analyzed to evaluate the underlying mechanisms of the protective effects of Apigenin. Results: Apigenin significantly alleviated CIPN-induced nociceptive behaviors of CIPN mice. It also decreased the TNF-α and IL-1β levels, suppressed oxidative stress and inflammation in the surgical spinal cord tissues. Mechanistically, Apigenin altered the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory phenotypes ratio of microglia through promoting the nuclear recruitment of NRF2 and activating the NRF2/Antioxidant Response Element (ARE) signaling pathway. Conclusions: In summary, Apigenin relieves CIPN by regulating microglia activation and polarization, which provides a potential therapeutic strategy for CIPN treatment.
Spinal Cord Stimulation Alleviates Pain Hypersensitivity by Attenuating Neuroinflammation in a Model of Painful Diabetic Neuropathy
Authors: Ni Wan , Li Jianjun , Xu Qingbang , Wang Nianyun , Wang Ying
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is an intractable chronic pain condition affecting a growing number of adults in China. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has been employed in the treatment of PDN for several decades. However, the efficacy and underlying mechanisms of SCS are still inconclusive. Methods: In this study, we adopted an implantable pulse generator to deliver electrical stimulation (50 Hz, 200 us pulse width, 12 hours/day in 5 weeks) via a quadripolar electrode in the lumbar epidural space to treat pain hypersensitivity in the rat model of PDN. Electronic von Frey and Hargreaves tests were used to measure the responses to mechanical and heat stimuli, respectively. Quantitative PCR, western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were adopted to explore the changes in neuroinflammation after SCS. Results: SCS alleviated mechanical allodynia and heat hyperalgesia over a period of 3 weeks in diabetic rats. SCS completely suppressed neuropathy-induced Tlr4 and NFκB p65 elevation, resulting in the reduction of pain-promoting Il1β, Il6, and Tnfα proteins in the spinal cord dorsal horn. Conclusions: SCS may alleviate diabetic neuropathy-induced pain hypersensitivity via attenuating neuroinflammation in the spinal cord dorsal horn.
Presence of Small-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium (SK) Channels in the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and Their Role in Health and Disease
Authors: DosSantos Marcos Fabio , Filha Lionete Gall Acosta , Veríssimo Carla Pires , Sanz Carolina Kaminski , Gazerani Parisa
Published: May 2023

Potassium (K+) channels establish and maintain the resting potential of most living cells. Their activity is predominantly regulated by the membrane voltage or the K+ gradient across the cell membrane. However, many cells also express small-conductance calcium-activated potassium (SK) channels, which have the unique ability to translate changes in the level of the intracellular second messenger, Ca2+ to changes in the membrane K+ conductance and, therefore, the resting membrane potential. This article reviews the structure, presence, distribution, and function of SK channels, their pharmacological modulation, and their role in health and disease, emphasizing nociception and pain.
COVID-19 and Cardiac Implications—Still a Mystery in Clinical Practice
Authors: Borka Balas Reka , Meliț Lorena Elena , Mărginean Cristina Oana
Published: May 2023

Although initially the evolution of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) seemed less severe in pediatric patients, in the three years since the beginning of the pandemics, several severe cases have been described, pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome (PIMS) has been defined, pathogenesis is being continuously studied, and many aspects regarding the long-term evolution and multi-organ damage are still unexplained. Cardiac injuries in COVID-19 represent most-likely the second cause of mortality associated with the infection. A wide-spectrum of cardiac abnormalities were reported to be associated with COVID-19 in children including ventricular dysfunction, acute myocardial dysfunction, arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, coronary artery dilation or aneurysms, and less common pericarditis and valvulitis. Risk factors for severe COVID-19 in children should be identified, laboratory tests and imaging techniques should be performed to reveal cardiac injury as soon as possible. The aim of this review was to highlight the great value of repeated cardiological monitoring in patients with COVID-19, underlining also the peculiarities in terms of pediatric population. This review is looking for answers on questions like ‘Why do some, but not all, patients with COVID-19 develop cardiac injury or severe hyperinflammatory status?’, ‘Which factors are involved in triggering COVID-19 associated cardiac injury?’, ‘What are the mechanisms involved in the etiology of cardiac injury?’, ‘Is there a clear relationship between hyperinflammation and cardiac injury?’, ‘Is hyperinflammatory status the pre-stage of cardiac injury in COVID-19 patients?’ which still lack clear answers. The understanding of mechanisms involved in the development of COVID-19 associated cardiac injury might shed light on all the above-mentioned mysteries and might increase the likelihood of favorable evolution even in severe cases.
Update on Percutaneous Treatment for HFrEF: A Great Armamentarium for a Poor Ventricular Function
Authors: Sisinni Antonio , Casenghi Matteo , Popolo Rubbio Antonio , Berni Andrea , Bedogni Francesco , Barbato Emanuele
Published: May 2023

Pharmacological treatment is the cornerstone therapy of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). In addition, several percutaneous techniques have been developed to treat symptomatic patients, with specific heart failure (HF) phenotypes (e.g., valvular heart disease) that require non-pharmacological treatment. Given their prognostic relevance, it is imperative to deliver high-level patient care. This review provides a clinical overview on the available data regarding transcatheter devices in the armamentarium of contemporary interventional cardiologists, focusing on the clinical and anatomical selection criteria.
Prognostic Value of Angiography-Derived Index of Microcirculatory Resistance in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease Undergoing Rotational Atherectomy
Authors: Wang Bo , Gao Yue , Zhao Yifan , Jia Peng , Han Jun , Li Hailing , Zhang Yi , Xu Yawei
Published: May 2023

Background: Rotational atherectomy (RA) is the major tool used to treat severely calcified lesions in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). The relationship between coronary microvascular dysfunction and RA remains unknown. Therefore, we attempted to explore the predictive implications of the coronary angiography-derived index of microcirculatory resistance (angio-IMR) in CAD patients undergoing RA. Methods: This retrospective study included 118 patients with severe coronary calcification who underwent a successful RA from January 2018 to June 2021. The angio-IMR was calculated based on computed flow and pressure dynamic principles to assess coronary microcirculatory function. Follow-up was performed on all patients for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), including all-cause death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, target vessel revascularization (TVR), and stroke. Results: The mean angio-IMR for all patients was 25.58 ± 7.93. Patients were stratified the groups based on a mean angio-IMR of 25, fifty-four (45.8%) patients had angio-IMR ≥25. The logistic regression analysis showed that angiography-derived fractional flow reserve was significantly associated with coronary microvascular dysfunction. After median follow-up of 21.7 (15.1–24.0) months, MACEs occurred in 30.6%, including 12.5% all-cause deaths, 6.4% non-fatal myocardial infarction, 14.5% TVR, and 0.9% stroke. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that patients with angio-IMR ≥25 had greater cumulative MACEs (41.6%) and TVR (20.7%) than patients with preserved angio-IMR. COX regression analysis indicated that angio-IMR ≥25 and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction were independent predictors of MACEs. In addition, angio-IMR ≥25 and lowered minimum luminal area independently predicted TVR occurrence. Conclusions: In CAD patients undergoing RA, angio-IMR ≥25 was an independent and significant predictor of MACEs and TVR. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT05435898.
Prognostic Impact of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Chronic Dialysis Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: Findings from the Lombardy Health Database
Authors: Cosentino Nicola , Genovesi Simonetta , Bonomi Alice , Trombara Filippo , Ludergnani Monica , Leoni Olivia , Bortolan Francesco , Agostoni Piergiuseppe , Marenzi Giancarlo
Published: May 2023

Background: Patients on chronic dialysis are less likely to be treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This is due to the lack of evidence from randomized trials, concerns about possible PCI-related side effects, and multimorbidity. Therefore, routine use of PCI for treatment of dialysis patients with AMI remains an unresolved issue. Methods: We analyzed data of patients on chronic dialysis hospitalized with AMI from 2003 to 2018, by using the administrative Lombardy Health Database (Italy). Patients were grouped according to whether they underwent or not PCI during index hospitalization. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality, 1-year mortality was the secondary endpoint. Results: During the study period, 265,048 patients were hospitalized with AMI. Of them, 3206 (1.2%) were on chronic dialysis (age 71 ± 11; 72% males). Among dialysis patients, 44% underwent PCI, while 54% underwent PCI among non-dialysis patients (p < 0.0001). Dialysis was an independent predictor of treatment with medical therapy only (OR 0.75 [95% CI 0.70–0.81]). In-hospital mortality in the dialysis cohort was 15%, significantly lower in patients treated with PCI than in those not treated with PCI (11% vs. 19%; p < 0.0001). One-year mortality was 47% and it was lower in PCI-treated patients (33% vs. 52%; p < 0.0001). The adjusted risk of the study endpoints was significantly lower in dialysis patients undergoing PCI: OR 0.62 (95% CI 0.50–0.76) for in-hospital mortality; HR 0.63 (95% CI 0.56–0.71) for 1-year mortality. Conclusions: This study showed that in AMI patients on chronic dialysis, PCI is associated with a significant in-hospital and 1-year survival benefit. Yet, they underwent PCI less frequently than patients with preserved renal function.
Improved Endothelial and Autonomic Function after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Vitez Luka , Starc Vito , Jug Borut , Bunc Matjaž
Published: May 2023

Background: Degenerative aortic stenosis is an atherosclerotic-like process associated with impaired endothelial and autonomic function. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has become a treatment of choice for patient with severe degenerative aortic stenosis at high surgical risk. The effect of this procedure on endothelial function measured with flow mediated dilatation (FMD) and autonomic function measured with heart rate variability (HRV) at different time-points of disease management (early and late follow-up) remains unknown. Methods: We prospectively included 50 patients with severe aortic stenosis who were deemed suitable for TAVI by the Heart Team. FMD and HRV parameters were collected at baseline (<24 h pre-TAVI), at early follow-up (up to 48 h post-TAVI) and at late follow-up (3–6 months post-TAVI). Results: 43 patients (mean age 81 (75–85); 60% women) completed the study. FMD significantly improved from 2.8 ± 1.5% before TAVI to 4.7 ± 2.7% early after TAVI (p < 0.001) and was later maintained on late follow-up (4.8 ± 2.7%, p = 0.936). Conversely, high-resolution ECG parameters remained preserved at early and improved at late follow-up after TAVI. Significant improvement was detected in a high frequency-domain parameter—HF (from 5231 ± 1783 to 6507 ± 1789 ms2; p = 0.029) and in two Poincare plot parameters: ratio of the short- and long-term R-R variability in the Poincare plot—SD1/SD2 (from 0.682 to 0.884 ms2; p = 0.003) and short-term R-R variability in the Poincare plot—SDRR (from 9.6 to 23.9 ms; p = 0.001). Echocardiographic parameters comprising baseline maximal aortic valve velocity (R = 0.415; p = 0.011), mean aortic gradient (R = 0.373; p = 0.018), indexed stroke volume (R = 0.503; p = 0.006), change in aortic valve maximal velocity (R = 0.365; p = 0.031), change in mean aortic gradient (R = 0.394; p = 0.019) and NT-proBNP (R = 0.491; p = 0.001) were found as significant predictors of change in FMD. Conclusions: Endothelial function measured with FMD and autonomic function obtained with HRV parameters significantly improve after TAVI. While endothelial function improves early and is maintained later after TAVI, autonomic function remains stable and improves on late follow-up. This is most likely caused by early hemodynamic changes after resolution of aortic valve obstruction and gradual left ventricular remodeling. Clinical Trial Registration: www.clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT04286893.
Utilizing Spontaneous Ventilation Modes in Patients Underwent Corrective Surgery for Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstructive Congenital Heart Disease: A Crossover Study
Authors: Gong Xiaolei , Zhu Limin , Zhang Mingjie , Liu Yujie , Li Chunxiang , Xu Zhuoming , Zheng Jinghao
Published: May 2023

Background: This study aimed to determine whether the hemodynamics of patients with right ventricle outflow tract obstructive congenital heart disease (RVOTO-CHD) improve after corrective surgery by changing the ventilation mode. Methods: Patients with RVOTO-CHD who underwent corrective surgery were enrolled in this study. Echocardiography and advanced hemodynamic monitoring were performed using the pulse indicator continuous cardiac output (PiCCO) technology in the pressure-regulated volume control (PRVC) mode, followed with switching to the pressure support ventilation (PSV) mode and neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) mode in random order. Results: Overall, 31 patients were enrolled in this study from April 2021 to October 2021. Notably, changing the ventilation mode from PRVC to a spontaneous mode (PSV or NAVA) led to better cardiac function outcomes, including right ventricular cardiac index (PRVC: 3.19 ± 1.07 L/min/m2 vs. PSV: 3.45 ± 1.32 L/min/m2 vs. NAVA: 3.82 ± 1.03 L/min/m2, p < 0.05) and right ventricle contractility (tricuspid annular peak systolic velocity) (PRVC: 6.58 ± 1.40 cm/s vs. PSV: 7.03 ± 1.33 cm/s vs. NAVA: 7.94 ± 1.50 cm/s, p < 0.05), as detected via echocardiography. Moreover, in the NAVA mode, PiCCO-derived cardiac index (PRVC: 2.92 ± 0.54 L/min/m2 vs. PSV: 3.04 ± 0.56 L/min/m2 vs. NAVA: 3.20 ± 0.62 L/min/m2, p < 0.05), stroke volume index (PRVC: 20.38 ± 3.97 mL/m2 vs. PSV: 21.23 ± 4.33 mL/m2 vs. NAVA: 22.00 ± 4.33 mL/m2, p < 0.05), and global end diastolic index (PRVC: 295.74 ± 78.39 mL/m2 vs. PSV: 307.26 ± 91.18 mL/m2 vs. NAVA: 323.74 ± 102.87 mL/m2, p < 0.05) improved, whereas extravascular lung water index significantly reduced (PRVC: 16.42 ± 7.90 mL/kg vs. PSV: 15.42 ± 5.50 mL/kg vs. NAVA: 14.4 ± 4.19 mL/kg, p < 0.05). Furthermore, peak inspiratory pressure, mean airway pressure, driving pressure, and compliance of the respiratory system improved in the NAVA mode. No deaths were reported in this study. Conclusions: We found that utilizing spontaneous ventilator modes, especially the NAVA mode, after corrective surgery in patients with RVOTO-CHD may improve their right heart hemodynamics and respiratory mechanics. However, further randomized controlled trials are required to verify the advantages of spontaneous ventilation modes in such patients. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT04825054.
Arterial Stiffness, Body Mass Index and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Chinese Females at Various Ages
Authors: Jin Lin , Du Yichao , Zhang Mengjiao , Chen Jianxiong , Sha Lei , Cao Mengmeng , Tong Lanyue , Chen Qingqing , Shen Cuiqin , Du Lianfang , Wang Dingqian , Li Zhaojun
Published: May 2023

Background: This study investigated the correlation in parameters of arterial stiffness and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk on age and body mass index (BMI) in Chinese females. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 2220 females. Arterial stiffness was assessed by the measurement of arterial velocity pulse index (AVI) and arterial pressure volume index (API). Individual 10-year cardiovascular risk was calculated for each patient using the Framingham cardiovascular risk score (FCVRS). Results: API and AVI had a significant J-shaped relationship with age. Beginning at the age of 30 years, the API started to increase, while after 49 years, the increase in API was even steeper. AVI increased from the age of 32 years, and increased more rapidly after 56 years. The linear association between API and BMI following adjustment for age was significant (β = 0.324, 95% CI 0.247–0.400, p < 0.001). In the total study cohort, FCVRS scores increased by 0.16 scores for every 1 kg/m2 increase in BMI and by 0.11 scores for each 1 value increase in API in the age adjusted model. Conclusions: API and BMI correlate with 10-year cardiovascular risk at various ages in females. Regardless of age, overweight females have a higher risk of increased API. Therefore API can be used for the early detection of CVD so that preventive therapy can be instituted in these high risk patients. Clinical Trial Registration: Registered on the official website of the China Clinical Trial Registration Center (20/08/2020, ChiCTR2000035937).
On a Mixed Arithmetic-Mean, Geometric-Mean, Harmonic-Mean Inequality
Authors: Nam Kyumin
Published: May 2023

In 1992, F. Holland conjectured a mixed arithmetic-mean, geometric-mean inequality and it was proved by K. Kedlaya in 1994. In this note, we provide more extended inequality: a mixed arithmetic-mean, geometric-mean, harmonic-mean inequality.
Resume "INFLASI DAN PENGANGGURAN DALAM EKONOMI ISLAM”
Authors: Anwar Khaerul
Published: May 2023

"INFLASI DAN PENGANGGURAN DALAM EKONOMI ISLAM”
Socioeconomic Disparities in Obesity: Challenges and Opportunities for Intervention
Authors: magsi asad abbas
Published: May 2023

Socioeconomic Disparities in Obesity: Challenges and Opportunities for Intervention
Psychological Factors in Obesity: Understanding the Mind-Body Connection
Authors: ewrer saqwee
Published: May 2023

Psychological Factors in Obesity: Understanding the Mind-BodyConnection
Obesity in Pregnancy: Maternal and Fetal Consequences
Authors: jalandhri nisar qureshi
Published: May 2023

Obesity in Pregnancy: Maternal and Fetal Consequences
TINGKAT CEMARAN Escherichia coli PADA KEJU TRADISIONAL MOA DENGAN DURASI PASTEURISASI BERBEDA
Authors: Refli
Published: May 2023

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat cemaran Escherichia coli pada keju tradisional Werwaru dengan durasi pasteurisasi yang berbeda. Sampel susu kerbau berasal dari Desa Werwaru Kecamatan Moa Kabupaten Maluku Barat Daya Provinsi Malukudiberi perlakuan pasterusasi pada suhu 65oC dengan durasi yang , yaitu 0,15, 30, dan 45 menit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata tingkat cemaran Escherichia coli pada 0, 15, 30 dan 45 menit pada suhu 65oC adalah 18, 19, 19 dan6 sel.. Rata-rata jumlah cemaran Escherichia coli dalam keju Tradisional Moa telah melebihi batas cemaran mikroba yang ditetapkan oleh Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 1096/MENKES/PER/VI/2011
For students, why are video games so tempting?
Authors: Jin Ruining
Published: May 2023

World Health Organization and academia have identified gaming addiction as a mental disease caused by addictive behaviors [1,2]. In China, electronic games used to be called “electronic heroin” [3], which all parents and education practitioners abhorred. For decades, electronic games have been seen as distractions to students’ school engagement. To “rehab” these students, in 2021, China introduced new rules that limit the amount of time under-18s can spend on video games to three hours a week, a move it said was necessary to combat gaming addiction [4]. However, people might wonder, did all Chinese students engage in school learning before the creation of electronic games? The answer is definitely no, and apart from gaming, students back in the day would skip classes to attend other activities perceived as “irrelevant” to school learning. While gaming addiction and poor academic performance mutually reinforce each other in a vicious loop, can we know for sure which one is the initial trigger in the beginning?
Obesity and Cancer Risk: Exploring the Link and Potential Interventions
Authors: ewrer saqwee
Published: May 2023

Obesity and Cancer Risk: Exploring the Link and PotentialInterventions
The Role of Physical Activity in Obesity Prevention and Treatment
Authors: magsi asad abbas
Published: May 2023

The Role of Physical Activity in Obesity Prevention and Treatment
Analisis Pendapatan Nasional dalam Ekonomi Islam
Authors: Waasi Nur
Published: May 2023

Ibnu Khaldun adalah salah seorang pemikir Muslim yang sering kali membahas tentang perdagangan internasional. Pendapat Ibnu Klaldun tentang perdagangan internasional mencakup pembahasan tentang uang dan harga, produksi dan distribusi, pembentukan modal dan pertumbuhan, siklus perdagangan, properti dan kemakmuran, populasi, industri dan perdagangan, pengeluaran publik, dan sebagainya.
The effects of boundary proximity on Kelvin-Helmholtz instability and turbulence
Authors: Liu Chih-Lun , Smyth Bill , Kaminski Alexis
Published: May 2023

Studies of Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH) instability have typically modelled the initial flow as an isolated shear layer.In geophysical cases, however, the instability often occurs near boundaries and may therefore be influenced by boundary proximity effects. Ensembles of direct numerical simulations are conducted to understand the effect of boundary proximity on the evolution of the instability and the resulting turbulence. Ensemble averages are used to reduce sensitivity to small variations in initial conditions. Both the transition to turbulence and the resulting turbulent mixing are modified when the shear layer is near a boundary: the time scales for the onset of instability and turbulence are longer, and the height of the KH billow is reduced. Subharmonic instability is suppressed by the boundary because phase-lock is prevented due to the diverging phase speeds of the KH and subharmonic modes. In addition, the disruptive influence of three-dimensional secondary instabilities on pairing is more profound as the two events coincide more closely. When the shear layer is far from the boundary, the shear-aligned convective instability is dominant; however, secondary central core instability takes over when the shear layer is close to the boundary, providing an alternate route for the transition to turbulence. Both the efficiency of the resulting mixing and the turbulent diffusivity are dramatically reduced by boundary proximity effects.
Evaluating the spatial patterns of NOx emissions in polluted areas with TROPOMI NO2
Authors: Goldberg Daniel , Tao Madankui , Kerr Gaige , Ma Siqi , Tong Daniel , Fiore Arlene , Dickens Angela , Adelman Zac , Anenberg Susan
Published: May 2023

Satellite datasets are increasingly used to evaluate NOx emissions inventories. Such studies often require the use of a chemical transport model or a complex statistical framework to account for meteorological factors that can complicate the comparison. Here, we apply a novel method to compare inventory-based emissions directly to Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) NO2 data without a chemical transport model by accounting for the two most important meteorological factors: wind speed and direction. We oversample the satellite data over multiple years and filter to use data on stagnant wind days only, and then use this satellite average to evaluate the spatial representativeness of the 1 × 1 km2 inventory-based Neighborhood Emission Mapping Operation (NEMO). In nine out of ten US cities, spatial r2-values between NEMO NOX emissions and TROPOMI NO2 exceeded 0.75. This suggests that the 108 spatial surrogates used by NEMO to spatially disaggregate NOx emissions from the U.S. county-level (5-200 km length scale) to the neighborhood level (~1 km length scale) are generally appropriate. However, this analysis also suggests some areas for improvement. Areas with dense warehouse operations appear to underestimate NOx emissions. Conversely, we find that NOx emissions in wealthy communities often appear to be overestimated using standard surrogates to disaggregate the inventory. Globally, we find spatial agreement between the EDGAR NOX inventory and NO2 observed by TROPOMI, which indicates that most NOx sources are properly included in the inventory. The inventory and satellite measurements agreed most closely in the U.S (
A Stability Analysis of Neural Networks and Its Application to Tsunami Early Warning
Authors: Rim Donsub , Suri Sanah , Hong Sanghyun , Lee Kookjin , LeVeque Randall
Published: May 2023

Neural networks (NNs) enable precise modeling of complicated geophysical phenomena but are sensitive to small input changes. In this work, we present a new method for analyzing this instability in NNs. We focus our analysis on adversarial examples, test-time inputs with carefully-crafted human-imperceptible perturbations that expose the worst-case instability in a model's predictions. Our stability analysis is based on a low-rank expansion of NNs on a fixed input, and we apply our analysis to a NN model for tsunami early warning which takes geodetic measurements as the input and forecasts tsunami waveforms. The result is an improved description of local stability that explains adversarial examples generated by a standard gradient-based algorithm, and allows the generation of even worse examples. Our analysis can predict whether noise in the geodetic input will produce an unstable output, and identifies a simple approach to filtering the input that enables more robust forecasting from noisy input.
In-ice measurements of full spectral angular radiance distribution using a 360-degree camera
Authors: Larouche Raphaël , Raulier Bastian , Katlein Christian , Lambert-Girard Simon , Thibault Simon , Babin Marcel
Published: May 2023

A better understanding of the radiative transfer of solar visible light within sea ice is crucial to study the Arctic energy balance and marine ecosystems. In this work, we showcase the utilization of a compact, consumer-grade 360-degree camera for measuring the in-ice spectral angular radiance distribution. This novel technique allows for the instantaneous acquisition of all radiometric quantities at a given depth with a compact, non-intrusive probe. This gives the opportunity to monitor the light field structure (mean cosines) from the atmosphere to the underlying ocean beneath ice. In this study, we report vertical profiles of the light field geometric distribution measured at two sites representative of distinct ice types: High Arctic multi-year ice and Chaleur Bay (Quebec) land fast first-year ice. We show that it is possible to empirically retrieve the depth-resolved internal optical properties by matching simulated profiles of spectral irradiances calculated with the HydroLight radiative transfer model to the observed profiles. As reported in other studies, the inverted reduced scattering coefficients were high (25.5 m-1, 37.5 m-1) in the first 20 centimeters for both sites (High Arctic, Chaleur Bay) and lower in the interior part of the ice (0.8 to 4.8 m-1, 2.8 to 7.2 m-1). Finally, due to the underdetermined nature of the inversion problem, we emphasize the importance of using the similarity parameter that considers the absorption and reduced scattering coefficients.
Get up or Snooze? Introduction to the Cognitive Processes of Decisions in Everyday Life and at Work
Authors: Schürmann Oliver , Olschewski Sebastian
Published: May 2023

Decision making can be understood as collecting information or evidence, for or against options up to a threshold. Good decision-making strategies adjust evidence-gathering to the person and context of a decision. Business coaching can strengthen the decision-making competencies in this adjustment process.
Object-directed actions in Parkinson’s disease: Observation and imitation of hand movements
Authors: Bek Judith , Gowen Emma , Vogt Stefan , Crawford Trevor J. , Poliakoff Ellen
Published: May 2023

Action observation and imitation may facilitate movement and increase functional independence in Parkinson’s disease (PD). People with PD have been found to imitate intransitive actions in a similar manner to neurologically healthy older adults, but their ability to imitate object-directed hand movements has not been investigated using kinematic measures. The present study examined observation and imitation of object-directed hand movements in 18 participants with PD compared to 21 neurologically healthy age-matched control participants. Participants observed and immediately imitated sequences showing a human hand reaching for and transferring an object between horizontal positions. Both participants with PD and age-matched controls significantly modulated the vertical amplitude of their finger movements when imitating elevated vs. direct trajectories. Movements were lower in vertical amplitude and faster when imitating the reaching segment of the observed movement than the transfer segment. Eye-tracking revealed significant effects of predictability of the movement sequence on saccade amplitude in the control group, specifically when observing elevated movements, but no effects of predictability on eye movements were found for the PD group. This study provides quantitative evidence indicating that people with mild to moderate PD can imitate the kinematics of object-directed hand movements, although their observation and prediction of such movements may be somewhat altered. These findings suggest that interventions based on observation of object-directed actions may facilitate daily activities in PD through imitation of movement kinematics.
Exploring the neural underpinnings of chord prediction certainty: an electroencephalography (EEG) study
Authors: Ono Kentaro , Mizuochi Ryohei , Yamamoto Kazuki , Sasaoka Takafumi , Yamawaki Shigeto
Published: May 2023

Predictive processing in the brain, involving interaction between interoceptive (bodily signal) and exteroceptive (sensory) processing, is essential for understanding music as it encompasses musical temporality dynamics and affective responses. This study explores the relationship between neural correlates and subjective certainty of chord prediction in both musically appropriate chord progressions and random chord sequences. Participants were asked to predict the final chord in sequences while their brain activity was measured using electroencephalography (EEG). We found that the stimulus preceding negativity (SPN), an EEG component associated with predictive processing of sensory stimuli, was larger for random chord sequences than for chord progressions. Additionally, the heartbeat evoked potential (HEP), an EEG component related to interoceptive processing, was larger for random chord sequences and correlated with prediction certainty ratings. HEP also correlated with the N5 component, found while listening to the final chord. Our results suggest that SPN may be linked to the emotional detection of chord sequences, while HEP may reflect motivational differences during the task. These findings offer new insights into the neural mechanisms underlying music perception and prediction, emphasizing the importance of considering auditory prediction certainty when examining the neural basis of music cognition.
Millennials as a Demographic Bridge to Diversity? Segregation and Diversity of Young Adult Neighborhoods
Authors: Brazil Noli , Candipan Jennifer
Published: May 2023

As young adults, the Millennial generation arrived as the largest and most racially and ethnically diverse generation in U.S. history. These unique demographic characteristics, along with more progressive self-reported views on racial and ethnic issues, have prompted some to label this generation as a demographic bridge to America’s diverse future. This article examines whether these unique characteristics translate into greater neighborhood racial diversity and integration. Specifically, this study sets out to answer whether Millennial young adult neighborhoods are more racially and ethnically diverse and located in less segregated metropolitan areas than the young adult neighborhoods of prior generations. Using 1990-2019 Census and American Community Survey data, we find a mixed story. On the one hand, young adult White Early Millennials were living in neighborhoods with similar or slightly higher diversity levels, and metropolitan areas with similar or slightly lower segregation levels compared to White young adults in prior generations. On the other hand, young adult White Late Millennials tend to live in more segregated neighborhoods, and in most cases, their segregation levels surpass those for White young adult Gen Xers. These mixed findings provide moderate support for the perspective that the Millennial generation is a bridge to diversity, albeit not the final destination. There is evidence of positive changes towards residential racial integration, but resilience in segregated patterns still remain.
Disturbing the Balance? How team media position themselves in the digital communication ecology of sports
Authors: Nölleke Daniel , Perreault Gregory P
Published: May 2023

As journalism has suffered financial and institutional setbacks globally, this has given rise to so-called peripheral actors in numerous subfields of journalism. In sports journalism, this is reflected by team media. Professionals in this arena would seem to be doing very similar work to that of journalists thereby shifting long-established power structures in the sports/media complex. However, while team media may pose an existential threat to traditional sports reporting there is also reason to believe that they still depend on healthy sports journalism. Through the lens of communication ecology and based on interviews with team media reporters (n=28) in Austria and the United States this study explores how team media actually view their relation to traditional sports journalism. We found that team media reporters rejected the implication that they were somehow to blame for sports journalism’s weakened state in the sports media ecosystem. Instead, they perceived their roles as complementary and were deeply troubled by sports journalism’s weakened standing within the ecology.
Dual Argument, Double Truth: On the continued importance of the state in neoliberal thought
Authors: Innset Ola
Published: May 2023

It has been established that the neoliberal creed arising in the interwar- and early postwar years, despite its strong rejection of economic planning, also entailed a rejection of laissez-faire liberalism. This article argues that recent attempts at construing early neoliberalism as thus being a more nuanced or moderate creed than later iterations, are nonetheless flawed. The Dual Argument of early neoliberalism indicated a new approach to market liberalism in which the state was not seen as the market’s opposite, but rather its precondition. This important move is obscured by the language of moderation and nuance. In place of “the radicalization thesis”, the second part of the article considers Philip Mirowski’s concept of a “double truth-doctrine” and argues that the importance of the state for social and economic governance is a common feature of different neoliberalisms, which nonetheless differ in their preferred policy-suggestions for the use of state power.