bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors Effecting to Caregiver’s Performance of Rehabilitation Care for Elderly Dependents at Mae Sot District, Tak Province.
Authors: Poum Amornsak
Published: April 2024

Background: Care giver is very important person who was take care elderly group for health rehabilitation and wellbeing with quality of life.
Objectives: This descriptive research study aimed to study either selected factors association or jointly predicting factor effected to caregiver’s performance of rehabilitation care for elderly dependents at Mae Sot district, Tak Province.
Method: Population consisted of 150 caregivers who have been completed training elderly care program within 70 hours which be registered in Mae Sot district, Tak Province, in fiscal year 2020, and the sample size calculating used Daniel formula for 107 cases, and systematic random sampling was determined for collecting data. Data collected by questionnaires composed of 7 parts including, characteristics, predisposing factors (knowledge, attitude, health perception), enabling factors, reinforcing factors, and performance of elderly care dependents. In addition to check questionnaire standardization, validity was checked by 3 experts and try out testing reliability by Cronbach’s coefficient alpha about 0.86. Data analyzed using statistical as Pearson product moment correlation coefficient and Stepwise multiple regression analysis.
Results: An association analyzed found that, knowledge of elderly’ health problem was associated with caregiver’s performance of rehabilitation care for elderly dependents at Mae Sot district, Tak Province with statistic significant (r=0.291, P-value =0.002). Prediction model analyzed reported that knowledge of elderly’ health problem and caregiver education selected factors accounted for 15.1%.
Conclusion: Thus, improving knowledge for caregiver is very necessary which effect to attitude and skill of rehabilitation care for elderly group, to support training process and practicing.
Traumatic Cervical spine injury epidemiology: a tertiary care center perspective in Nepal
Authors: Parajuli Bikash , Sharma Rajiv , Kayastha Sabik , Thapa Jagadish , Shrestha Dipak
Published: April 2024

Background: The epidemiology of traumatic cervical spine injury is not well documented in developing/ underdeveloped countries. There are a few single-centered studies on the epidemiology of cervical spine injury in Nepal.
Objectives: This study aimed to explore the epidemiology of traumatic cervical spine injuries presented at Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Nepal.
Methods: This was a retrospective study of individuals with traumatic cervical spine injuries admitted to the Department of Orthopedics from 2015 January to 2021 December. Data collection was done by using the International Spinal Cord Injury core data set (version 2) and International Spinal Cord Injury Spinal Column Injury Basic Data Set (version 1.0).        
Results: One hundred and forty-four patients were included of which the majority (68.8%) were males. The mean age of the patients was 47.89 ± 17 years. Fall injury was the most common etiology (79.2%). C2 was the most common level injured (28.5%). Patients with ASIA A neurology was 18% and surgical treatment was given to nearly 60%. The patients had a median hospital stay of 9 days (4- 16) and a mortality of 4.2%.
Conclusion: There was a male predominance with a recent increase in the female proportion for traumatic cervical spine injury. Fall was the most common etiology with the majority of patients in their 30s and 40s. Surgical treatment is more preferred recently. The mortality rate was relatively low which needs further investigation.
Knowledge of thyroid disorder and preventive practice among pregnant women attending selected maternal and child health clinic of Bhaktapur, Nepal
Authors: Gautam Laxmi , Sharma Sudip , Khati Krishna , Karn Aditya Kumar
Published: April 2024

Background: Thyroid is the second most common endocrine illness after diabetes. Both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism can cause serious complications such as hypertension, coronary artery disease, infertility, arrhythmia, and more. This study aimed to determine the level of awareness among a group of people in the central region of Nepal.
Objectives: The overall objective of this study was to assess the knowledge of thyroid disorder and its preventive practices among pregnant women attending MCH clinic.
Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 207 pregnant women of age 18-29 years attending maternal and child health clinic of Siddhi Memorial Hospital, Bhaktapur through a pre-tested structured questionnaire. Quantitative research method was applied through face-to-face interview and the collected data were entered and analysed using SPSS v.25.
Results: Around 86% of 207 respondents had heard about thyroid disorder. Thyroid illness was defined by more than a third of respondents (38.76%) as the presence of Goiter, followed by disease caused by insufficient thyroid hormone (18.54%) and disease caused by excess thyroid hormone (12.92 %). 68.54% of those surveyed were uninformed about various thyroid issues, while 31.46% did. Only 62.92% of respondents were aware of the thyroid test, and the majority (81.15%) were not familiar with preventive practices. Overall, 65.2% of respondents had inadequate knowledge about thyroid disorders, whereas 34.80% had acceptable level of knowledge. Ethnicity, occupation, and education level were statistically significantly associated with knowledge on Thyroid disorder (p-value < 0.05). Adequate knowledge was found to be associated with good in preventive practice (p-value <0.06).
Conclusion: The respondents had a low level of awareness about thyroid problem and its preventive measures. This study highlights the necessity of comprehensive health education and accessible, affordable health services covering wide range of issues regarding thyroid.
Unsafe child feces disposal and childhood wasting among under five children in Myanmar
Authors: Soe Than Kyaw , Laohasiriwong Wongsa
Published: April 2024

Background: Wasting is a major public health problem among under five children in developing countries, including Myanmar. The distribution of wasting and its associated factors are not well known in Myanmar.
Objectives: This study aimed to examine the wasting prevalence and identify the association between child feces disposal and wasting among under-five children in Myanmar.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1,207 under five children in Myanmar from September to December 2022. This study employed a multistage random sampling method with structured questionnaires and anthropometric measures. The World Health Organization's (WHO) definition and growth standards were used to determine the wasting. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify the association. An adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval and a p-value <0.05 was used to define statistical significance.
Results: The prevalence of childhood wasting among under five children in Myanmar was 11.10% (95% CI: 9.45 to 13.00). This study revealed that children from unsafe child feces disposing families were 94 % more likely to be wasted (AOR=1.94, 95% CI: 1.22 to 3.09; p-value 0.005). Other covariates to childhood wasting were water shortage (AOR=2.17, 95% CI: 1.13 to 4.16; p-value 0.02), less than four handwashing steps of mother (AOR=3.20, 95% CI: 1.93 to 5.32; p-value <0.001), located in hilly region (AOR=2.27, 95% CI: 1.53 to 3.37; p-value <0.001), boys (AOR=2.80, 95% CI: 1.86 to 4.23; p-value <0.001), birth interval less than 3 years (AOR=1.84, 95% CI: 1.10 to 3.11; p-value 0.02), and eating more than 4 times per day (AOR=3.19, 95% CI: 1.93 to 5.27; p-value <0.001).
Conclusion: This study showed a high prevalence of wasting among under five children in Myanmar. Improving the safe child feces disposal practices of mothers would be a critical intervention to reduce under five children's wasting.
Comparative analysis of social entrepreneurship in developed countries and Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Đalić Irena , Erceg Živko
Published: April 2024

To mitigate the consequences of the social and economic crisis caused by the coronavirus pandemic, an approach through socio-economic activities is needed. It is necessary to use all available resources as generators of employment and new values. One such model is precisely social entrepreneurship. This paper aims to compare the level of development of social entrepreneurship in developed countries and Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) to get a picture of the importance of social entrepreneurship for overall economic and social development. In this paper, we analyzed social entrepreneurship in developed countries and BiH. Through this comparative analysis, we have established that social entrepreneurship is of great importance for economic and social development and that a lot still needs to be done for the development of social entrepreneurship in BiH.
Ambivalence of the perception of the color palette in F. S. Fitzgerald’s novel “The Great Gatsby” and its coloristic realization in the film adaptations
Authors: Bykova Natalia Ivanovna
Published: April 2024

The subject of the study is color symbolism in F. Fitzgerald’s novel «The Great Gatsby» in the aspect of an ambivalent understanding of the conceptual solution in the use of a certain color in creating images of characters, in describing the setting and semantic content of the ideological content of the work and its screen interpretations. The object of study is color as a meaning-forming concept in literature and cinema, the symbolism of color. The work of Francis S. Fitzgerald «The Great Gatsby» is of interest in the study of the influence of color palette. The main research methods are analytical and comparative historical. The color concepts of F. S. Fitzgerald's book “The Great Gatsby” and film adaptations are comprehended. This work by F. S. Fitzgerald is of interest to the modern Russian reader and viewer due to the fact that the problems raised in the novel are still relevant today. The writer touches on the popular theme of the American dream in literature and cinema. The story of the main characters is a vivid example of the illusory nature of this dream, and the lifestyle of the characters and their worldview demonstrate spiritual emptiness and cold indifference to everything except money and wealth. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the study of the ambivalence of perception of the coloristic solution of the images of characters in the book in comparison with its screen interpretations. The author comes to the conclusion that F. S. Fitzgerald in the novel «The Great Gatsby» uses a color palette in creating images of characters and describing the scene in such a way that the ambiguity in the perception of color most unexpectedly and sharply emphasizes the problems raised and becomes the basis for rethinking the ideological content of the work.
Service Innovation Performance in Sierra Leone's Banking Sector: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Mansaray Samuel Saio , Hongyi Xu , Sawaneh Ibrahim Abdulai
Published: April 2024

This study investigates the innovation efficiency of Sierra Leone's banking sector, utilizing Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) across 14 commercial banks representing 70% of the sector's total assets from 2017 to 2022. By analyzing existing financial and operational data, the study assesses performance variations and identifies disparities in innovation efficiency among these institutions. Findings indicate significant discrepancies in innovation efficiency levels, highlighting the critical role of strategic investment in technology and innovation for enhancing competitiveness and growth. This research contributes theoretically and practically to the literature on service innovation in banking in developing countries. It provides empirical evidence of the efficacy of DEA models in performance evaluation, offering benchmarks and strategic insights that could inform future policy and operational strategies. The study underscores the need for Sierra Leone banks to continually invest in innovative capabilities to maintain and enhance their competitive edge in a dynamic financial environment.
Phytoremediation Potential of Selected Plants & Growth of Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) in Aquaponic Systems
Authors: Gichana Zipporah
Published: April 2024

Aquaponic systems use plants` natural ability to absorb nutrients from aquaculture wastewater. This improves water quality for fish and promotes plant growth, resulting in a sustainable and efficient food production method. However, the nutrient removal capacity of many plant species within aquaponics remains underexplored. This study investigated the potential of three plant species: sweet wormwood (Artemisia annua), pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) and amaranth (Amaranthus dubius) for biofiltration within a media-based aquaponic system. In addition, the growth performance of plants and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) within the system was evaluated. Artemisia annua recorded significantly higher removal rates for ammonia (52.5 ± 19.9%), nitrate (61.6 ± 9.02%), and nitrite (41.9 ± 8.7%) compared to other plant species. In contrast, C. pepo exhibited the lowest nutrient removal efficiency. Most water quality parameters, except for ammonia and dissolved oxygen, remained within the optimal range for O. niloticus growth during the experiment. Significantly higher (P˂0.05) fish growth rates (0.33 ± 0.006 g/day) were observed in A. annua than other treatments. Similarly, A. annua produced the highest plant yield (0.49 ± 0.02 kg/m²), while C. pepo yielded the least (0.29 ± 0.00 kg/m²). All the studied plants reduced aquaponic system waste, with A. annua exhibiting significantly higher biofiltration efficiency, promoting increased fish growth and plant yield. This demonstrates their potential for sustainable aquaculture through wastewater treatment and healthy fish production in media-based systems.
Response of Upland New Rice for Africa (NERICA) to Nitrogen Fertilization in the Guinea Savannah Agro-ecological Zone
Authors: Abraham Martey , Osei Richard , Amegbor Isaac Kodzo , Dzomeku Israel K.
Published: April 2024

The trial was conducted during the cropping season of 2020 June to November on the upland field of the Savanna Agricultural Research Institute (SARI), at Nyankpala near Tamale in the Northern Region of Ghana. The objective was to establish the response of Upland New Rice for Africa (NERICA) to nitrogen fertilization in the Guinea Savannah Agroecological Zone. Two upland NERICAs were used. A 2×2×5 factorial experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in three replications. The Phosphorus and Nitrogen fertilizers rates were 0, 60 kg P/ha and 0, 30, 60, and 120 kg N/ha respectively. There were significant differences (p< 0.05) in the effect of P and N levels on plant height, number of tillers, panicle weight, and straw weight. Combined application of 60kg P/ha and 60kg N/ha increased the grain yield of upland NERICAs. The upland NERICA in the savannah zone should get 60 kg N/ha in addition to 60 kg P/ha for the best grain production.
Gender Stereotype in Musical Performances among the Alavanyo People in Ghana
Authors: Kodzokuma Vincent , Selorm Ndah Divine , Ayi Sylvia Ama
Published: April 2024

The Study aims at exploring the traditional musical types that are performed among the people of Alavanyo in the Volta Region of Ghana and classify the musical types according to gender orientations; and also to investigate the reasons why women in the area are not supposed to participate in some traditional musical ensembles in the area. The study being qualitative type adopted descriptive and case study approaches to present the study. The population consisted of Historians, Chiefs, Women in traditional musical performance as well as Men who are into traditional music performance. Interview and Observations were some of the instruments used for data collection. It was revealed that, Musical genres such as Akpi, Adevu, Vuga, Borborbor and Egbanegba are found among the people in the study area.The study made it clear that, due to superstitions, Taboos and Religious affiliations, women are forbid from taking part in some of the musical types in the area. The study recommended that, music should be taken serious in the school curriculum; traditional rites must be performed to pave way for women who want to take active part in all the traditional musical types in the area.
Investigating Global Reactivity Profiles and Key Reactive Sites of Eight Tetracyanoquinodimethane Derivatives: A Computational Study Using B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) theory level
Authors: Kalo Mabintou , Diarrassouba Fatogoma , Adou Demel Axel , Bamba Kafoumba , Ziao Nahossé
Published: April 2024

In this work, it was a question of carrying out a theoretical study of the global reactivity and a characterization of the preferential sites of reactivity of eight (08) derivatives of Tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ). It emerges from this study that the oxidizing power of the eight (08) molecules increases with the electrophilic character and electro-acceptor power. In terms of local reactivity, in general, nucleophilicity concerns terminal nitrogen atoms. Electrophilicity concerns the central ring carbon atoms of analogous TCNQ.
Effect of Boron Fertilization and Boron Enriched Organic Manures on Yield Boron Use Efficiency and Nutrient Uptake by Tomato in Coastal Soil
Authors: Gracia J. Merina , Elayaraja D. , Kamalakannan P. , Kamaleshwaran R.
Published: April 2024

Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient for plant growth and development, playing a pivotal role in various physiological processes within the plant. In tomato cultivation, maintaining adequate boron levels is crucial for achieving optimal yield and quality. However, due to factors such as soil type, environmental conditions, and plant genetics, boron deficiency or inefficient utilization often poses challenges for growers, leading to reduced productivity and economic losses in coastal regions of Tamilnadu. This study investigates the effect of boron fertilization and boron enriched organic manures on yield boron use efficiency and nutrient uptake by tomato in coastal soil. A field experiment was conducted in the farmer’s field at Varagurpettai coastal village, near Chidambaram in Cuddalore district of Tamilnadu, during July-November, 2022 using tomato variety NTH-777 as test crop. The experimental soil was sandy loam in texture and taxonomically classified as Typic Ustifluvent with pH-8.39, EC-4.07 dSm-1 and analysed low status of organic carbon (2.47 g kg-1). The soil analysed low in alkaline KMnO4–N (145.71 kg ha-1) and Olsen-P (10.57 kg ha-1) and medium in NH4OAc-K (157.42 kg ha-1). The available hot water soluble B content (0.27 mg kg-1) was also low in soil. The various treatments imposed in the study included T1–Control (RDF alone/100% NPK), T2–RDF + Composted coirpith (CCP) @ 12.5 t ha-1, T3–RDF + CCP + Borax (B) @ 10 kg ha-1 through soil application (SA), T4–RDF + CCP + Borax (B) through foliar application (FA) @ 0.5% twice @ pre flowering stage (PFS) and flowering stage (FS),  T5–RDF +CCP + Borax (SA) + (FA), T6–RDF + CCP + Borohumate (BH) @ 15 kg ha-1 soil application (SA), T7 –RDF + CCP + Borohumate (FA), T8–RDF + CCP + Borohumate (SA) + FA, T9–RDF + Borax Enriched Composted coirpith (BECCP) @ 6.25 t ha-1 (SA), T10–RDF + Borohumate Enriched Composted coirpith (BHECCP) @ 6.25 t ha-1 (SA), T11–RDF + BECCP (SA) + Borax (FA) and T12–RDF + BHECCP (SA) + Borohumate (FA). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. The results of the field experiment clearly indicated that integrated application of NPK fertilizer along with B enriched organic manures + biofertilizer and foliar spray of borohumate (BH) positively increased the growth, yield, quality and nutrient uptake by tomato. This treatment recorded the highest agronomic efficiency (4.10 t kg-1), agro physiological efficiency (20.45 t kg-1), apparent recovery efficiency (43.45%), physiological efficiency (14.30 t kg-1) and boron use efficiency (410.34). This research contributes to the development of boron utilization dynamics and this study paves the way for future advancements in nutrient management strategies tailored to maximize yield and quality in tomato production systems.
Morphological Studies and Its Biological Management Practices of Fusarium Wilt (Fusarium oxysporum F.sp. Lini) of Linseed
Authors: Raghuvanshi Himendra Raj , Singh Narendra , Shukla Puskar , Singh Vivek , Upadhyay Utkarsh
Published: April 2024

The experiment was carried out in a warehouse at the Department of Plant Pathology at C.S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology in Kanpur with the aim of Isolation, purification, identification & pathogenicity of linseed wilt pathogen, integrated disease management practice against Fusarium wilt, soil colonizing ability of Trichoderma viride in sick field plots, Effect of different pH levels and different temperature levels on the growth and sporulation of the pathogen (in- vitro). The experiment used an RBD design On eleven cultivars out of eleven cultivars (Jeevan, Shweta, Parvati, Surbhi, Shekhar, NDL-2004-05, Kiran, RLC-92, Indira Alsi, Dipika, and Chambal) tested, the minimum percentage of wilting was recorded in cultivar RLC-92 (6.64 percent) followed by Jeevan (8.85 percent) and Indira Alsi (9.70 percent), respectively but all were at par statistically, with 13 treatments, by reducing plant wilting, all treatments were found to be noticeably better than the control (untreated) at reducing disease severity, among all treatments minimum percent wilting with maximum disease control was recorded with treatment T4 [seed treatment (5g/kg seed) + soil treatment with Trichoderma harzianum (10g/kg soil) followed by T2 (5 g/kg seed) + soil treatments with Trichoderma viride (10 g/soil)] (19.46 percent) and T12 (seed and soil treatment with carbendazin (0.2 percent) (23.50 percent), respectively under pot culture condition.
Crude Oil and Refined Products Spill Incidence Impact Evaluation in Eleme; Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: SJ Olukaejire , CC Ifiora , PA Osaro , LC Osuji , AI Hart
Published: April 2024

This study aimed to assess crude oil and refined products spill incidence and perceived impact on livelihood of inhabitants in Eleme, Rivers State, Nigeria.  The research adopted questionnaire, interview and survey methodology. The population of the study is 4648 being the total persons living around and about crisscross of pipelines and facilities, size of 368 selected at random from the study sites. The primary data, questionnaires and oral interview were major instruments deployed and used for data collection and simple percentages were used in analyzing the data collected from the questionnaire. The major cause of spill was identified as pipeline sabotage, followed closely by pipeline rupture. Preponderance of the respondents strongly agreed that the magnitude of crude oil and refined products spill had impacted negatively on livelihood of inhabitants, that there are consequences associated with crude oil and refined product spill on soil and water in the study area, that there are mitigation and measures of curtailing crude oil and refined products spill in the study area, and that crude oil and refined product spill have a significant effect on the study area. Prevention should be adopted as a risk management strategy in addressing soil and water pollution in Eleme, arising from Crude oil spill.
An Impact Study on the Pattern of Groundwater Use by Farmers and Commercial Sectors in Tirupur District, Textile City, India
Authors: N Venketesa Palanichamy , M Kalpana
Published: April 2024

Groundwater is the major source of water for agriculture, domestic and industrial uses. Falling water table and depletion of economically accessible groundwater resources could have major social and economic consequences. Many are hailing groundwater transfer as the quickest, least cheapest, and most ecologically friendly answer to large cities' water supply and reliability problems. The water transfers generally focus on the purchase of water from willing sellers in agriculture to meet urban domestic and industrial water demand. The present study was undertaken mainly to study the pattern of groundwater use by the farmers and commercial sectors in Tirupur district. Out of the 180 farms selected for the study, 67.78 per cent of farms were water sellers and 32.22 per cent of farms were non-sellers. Among the three types of wells viz., open wells, open cum bore wells and bore wells; open wells formed the majority in all categories of farms. Whereas in all the farm categories of both the seller and non-seller groups, bore wells dominated the total number of wells owned by each of the farm categories. Bore wells dominated for more than 50 per cent of the total number of wells in large farms, whereas in case of small farms, bore and open-cum-bore wells have been shared equally. According to the farmers, bore wells were having more success rate than the open cum bore wells. The number of abandoned bore wells was also significantly higher in all categories of farms, since open wells were acted as a storage tank for storing the water extracted from bore wells. The percentage of failed bore wells to the total number of wells per farm had ranged from 41.89 per cent in large farms to 57.26 per cent in small farm group in seller category. The number of wells per farm among sellers was significantly higher whereas irrigated land per well was significantly lower. The present study was undertaken mainly to study the where groundwater transfer has been an increasing phenomenon over years resulting in pollution hazards and reduction in irrigated area.
A Comprehensive Review on Evolution, Challenges of Models, Opportunities in Urban Farming Practices in the World
Authors: Anushi . , Krishnamoorthi A. , Chaurasia Jitendra , Baidya Bijay Kumar , Singh Abhishek , Sapna . , Kumar Vijay , Singh Anushka
Published: April 2024

This review delves into the historical evolution of urban farming, tracing its roots from ancient civilizations to modern-day urban landscapes. It explores diverse urban farming models, ranging from rooftop gardens and vertical farms to community gardens and hydroponic systems, highlighting their unique characteristics and contributions to food security, environmental sustainability, and community resilience. Additionally, the abstract addresses the myriad challenges faced by urban farmers, including limited space, soil contamination, regulatory hurdles, and access to resources. Despite these challenges, urban farming presents abundant opportunities for innovation, social entrepreneurship, and urban revitalization. By leveraging technological advancements, community engagement, and policy support, urban farming has the potential to transform cities into vibrant hubs of agricultural production and sustainability. This abstract sets the stage for a comprehensive review that not only illuminates the past and present of urban farming but also identifies pathways for its future growth and impact in shaping resilient, equitable, and sustainable cities.
Effects of Variable Thermal Conductivity on MHD Fluid Flow on Rotating Vertical Cone in the Presence of Darcy Forchheimer, Soret and Dufour Effects through a Porous Medium
Authors: Uwanta I. J. , Yale I. D. , Ahmed A.
Published: April 2024

This research investigated the effects of Variable Thermal Conductivity on MHD fluid on a Rotating Vertical Cone in the Presence of Darcy Forchheimer, Soret and Dufour effects through a porous medium. The system of nonlinear differential equations were transformed into first order differential equations and solved using shooting technique in Matlab package Bvp4c.Furthermore, the effects of various parameters over the main physical quantities are shown graphically and also extensively discussed. The result shows that Thermal conductivity increases Tangential Velocity, Temperature and decreases Normal Velocity. Dufour increases Tangential Velocity and decreases Normal Velocity. Radiation parameter R enhances Tangential Velocity and Temperature.
cobertura da retaguarda
Authors: Silva Dayane Augusta Santos da
Published: April 2024

Em Angola, nas narrativas sobre a guerra de independência, é corrente o reconhecimento de que mulheres comuns contribuíram na luta anticolonial, ressaltando-se as inúmeras atividades e tarefas desenvolvidas por essas mulheres na guerra de libertação nacional. Neste sentido, com base em depoimentos orais e fontes militares, este artigo acentua a atuação de mulheres, a partir dos trabalhos realizados nas zonas libertadas, em sua manutenção e sustentabilidade, e fora dessas zonas, em atuações específicas, nas diferentes províncias de Angola. Argumento que um conjunto de mulheres anônimas, muitas delas camponesas, mantiveram uma “economia anticolonial”, buscando manter certa autonomia para a luta, independente da administração portuguesa. Em vista disso, acredito que elas devem ser consideradas “guerrilheiras” e não apenas “combatentes”, de modo a colocar em questão a secundarização a que foram relegadas pela historiografia e pelas narra tivas posteriores sobre a guerra de libertação.
celebrações do 13 de maio no Rio de Janeiro do pós-abolição
Authors: Costa Mariana Barbosa Carvalho da
Published: April 2024

Resenha de:MORAES, Renata Figueiredo. As festas da abolição no Rio de Janeiro (1888-1908). Rio de Janeiro: FGV Editora, 2023. 311 p.
A Stimuli‐Responsive, Photoluminescent, Anthracene‐Based Liquid Crystal: Emission Color Determined by Thermal and Mechanical Processes
Authors: Sagara Yoshimitsu , Yamane Shogo , Mutai Toshiki , Araki Koji , Kato Takashi
Published: May 2009

Here, a photoluminescent liquid crystal that exhibits a change of emission color on the metastable–stable phase transition induced by external stimuli is prepared. A 2,6‐diethynylanthracene derivative with amide groups and dendritic side chains exhibits a columnar phase on slow cooling from the isotropic phase and shows blue emission in this columnar phase. In contrast, a cubic phase is obtained by rapid cooling from the isotropic phase. In the cubic phase, the 2,6‐diethynylanthracene cores form excimers, resulting in yellow emission. While the columnar phase is a stable liquid‐crystalline (LC) phase, the cubic phase is a metastable LC phase. It is found that a change of the photoluminescent color from yellow to blue is observed on the cubic‐columnar phase transition induced by heating or mechanical shearing for this 2,6‐diethynylanthracene derivative in the cubic phase. This change of photoluminescent color is ascribed to the inhibition of excimer formation on the metastable–stable LC phase transition.
Charge Generation and Photovoltaic Operation of Solid‐State Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells Incorporating a High Extinction Coefficient Indolene‐Based Sensitizer
Authors: Snaith Henry J. , Petrozza Annamaria , Ito Seigo , Miura Hidetoshi , Grätzel Michael
Published: May 2009

An investigation of the function of an indolene‐based organic dye, termed D149, incorporated in to solid‐state dye‐sensitized solar cells using 2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis(N,N‐di‐p‐methoxypheny‐amine)‐9,9′‐spirobifluorene (spiro‐OMeTAD) as the hole transport material is reported. Solar cell performance characteristics are unprecedented under low light levels, with the solar cells delivering up to 70% incident photon‐to‐current efficiency (IPCE) and over 6% power conversion efficiency, as measured under simulated air mass (AM) 1.5 sun light at 1 and 10 mW cm−2. However, a considerable nonlinearity in the photocurrent as intensities approach “full sun” conditions is observed and the devices deliver up to 4.2% power conversion efficiency under simulated sun light of 100 mW cm−2. The influence of dye‐loading upon solar cell operation is investigated and the thin films are probed via photoinduced absorption (PIA) spectroscopy, time‐correlated single‐photon counting (TCSPC), and photoluminescence quantum efficiency (PLQE) measurements in order to deduce the cause for the non ideal solar cell performance. The data suggest that electron transfer from the photoexcited sensitizer into the TiO2 is only between 10 to 50% efficient and that ionization of the photo excited dye via hole transfer directly to spiro‐OMeTAD dominates the charge generation process. A persistent dye bleaching signal is also observed, and assigned to a remarkably high density of electrons “trapped” within the dye phase, equivalent to 1.8 × 1017 cm−3 under full sun illumination. it is believed that this localized space charge build‐up upon the sensitizer is responsible for the non‐linearity of photocurrent with intensity and nonoptimum solar cell performance under full sun conditions.
Synthesis and Processing of Monodisperse Oligo(fluorene‐co‐bithiophene)s into Oriented Films by Thermal and Solvent Annealing
Authors: Zeng Lichang , Yan Feng , Wei Simon K.‐H. , Culligan Sean W. , Chen Shaw H.
Published: May 2009

A series of oligo(fluorene‐co‐bithiophene)s, OF2Ts, have been synthesized and characterized to investigate the effects of oligomer length and pendant aliphatic structure on glassy‐nematic mesomorphism. The OF2Ts comprising more than one repeat unit and their polymer analogue, PF2T, carrying 52 number‐average repeat units, possess the highest occupied molecular orbital energy level at −5.3 ± 0.2 eV, but the anisotropic field‐effect mobilities increase with the oligomer length. Spin coating from high‐boiling chlorobenzene with and without subsequent exposure to saturated chlorobenzene vapor constitute solvent‐vapor annealing and quasi‐solvent annealing, respectively. Solvent‐vapor annealing yields monodomain glassy‐nematic films in which OF2Ts are aligned as well as with thermal annealing across a 2 cm diameter. Quasi‐solvent annealing, however, amounts to kinetically trapping a lower orientational order than solvent‐vapor or thermal annealing. While amenable to thermal annealing at elevated temperatures, PF2T shows no alignment at all following either strategy of solvent annealing.
Cyclic Enones as Substrates in the Morita–Baylis–Hillman Reaction: Surfactant Interactions, Scope and Scalability with an Emphasis on Formaldehyde
Authors: Schwartz Brett D. , Porzelle Achim , Jack Kevin S. , Faber Jonathan M. , Gentle Ian R. , Williams Craig M.
Published: May 2009

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Traditionally, cyclic enones and formalin are reactants notorious for displaying problematic behaviour (i.e., poor solubility and low yields) under Morita–Baylis–Hillman (MBH) reaction conditions. The body of research presented herein focuses on the use of surfactants in water as a solvent medium that offers a resolution to many of the issues associated with the MBH reaction. Reaction scope, scalability and small angle X‐ray scattering have been studied to assist with the understanding of the reaction mechanism and industrial application. A comparison against known literature methods for reaction scale‐up is also discussed.
Comparison of the Relative Reactivities of the Triisopropylsilyl Group With Two Fluorous Analogs
Authors: Sancho Amador Garcia , Wang Xiao , Sui Bin , Curran Dennis P.
Published: May 2009

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The relative stabilities of two fluorous analogs, diisopropyl(3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,10‐ heptadecafluorodecyl)silyl and diisopropyl‐ (4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,11,11,11‐heptadecafluoroundecyl)silyl [C8F17(CH2)nSi(i‐Pr)2, where n=2 or 3], of the standard triisopropylsilyl (TIPS) group are compared in the setting of alcohol protection. The fluorous silyl groups can be installed under standard conditions in comparable yields to the TIPS group, but the derived fluorous silyl ethers are more labile than TIPS ethers towards cleavage by both acids and fluoride.
Dynamic behavior of the flow field in a RIM machine mixing chamber
Authors: Santos Ricardo J. , Erkoç Ertugrul , Dias Madalena M. , Lopes José Carlos B.
Published: May 2009

Dynamic behavior of the flow field in a Reaction Injection Molding, RIM, machine mixing chamber, having dimensions typically used in industrial machines, is studied from dynamic velocity data of Laser Doppler Anemometry, LDA, measurements and Computational Fluid Dynamics, CFD, simulations with a 2D model. This study is based on the spectral analysis of the dynamic flow field data. The typical frequencies, in the reactor flow field, are identified and its values are related to the identified flow structures. The differences between the typical frequencies from experiments and simulations are observed and justified on the basis of the 2D representation of a 3D cylindrical geometry. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Kin influence on the decision to start using modern contraception: A longitudinal study from rural Gambia
Authors: Mace Ruth , Colleran Heidi
Published: May 2009

In earlier work in rural Gambia, we found that kin influence reproductive success: matrilineal kin, especially mothers, maternal grandmothers and unmarried older sisters all helped to promote the survival and nutrition of young children; in contrast patrilineal kin, especially husband's mother, promoted fertility. These differing influences of maternal and paternal lineage are predicted on the basis of kin selection and sexual conflict theory, because the costs of reproduction fall more heavily on the mother than the father. These studies covered the period 1950–1975, when this population was essentially “natural fertility, natural mortality.” It is not possible to tell whether these effects were due to kin influencing active reproductive decision‐making, or due to indirect effects such as kin improving nutrition by helping. Since 1976, modern contraception has become available in this community. In an analysis of the behavioral ecology of the decision to start using modern contraception, we found that high parity for your age was a key determinant of the decision, as was village and calendar year. Here, we examine whether the presence or absence of kin and also whether the contraceptive status of kin influenced the decision to start using contraception. We find little evidence that kin directly influence contraceptive uptake, either by their presence/absence or as models for social learning. However, death of a first husband (i.e., widowhood) does accelerate contraceptive uptake. We discuss our results from an evolutionary demography perspective, in particular regarding theories of sexual conflict, biased cultural transmission, and social learning. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Familiality and molecular genetics of attention networks in ADHD
Authors: Konrad Kerstin , Dempfle Astrid , Friedel Susann , Heiser Philip , Holtkamp Kristian , Walitza Susanne , Sauer Sascha , Warnke Andreas , Remschmidt Helmut , Gilsbach Susanne , Schäfer Helmut , Hinney Anke , Hebebrand Johannes , Herpertz‐Dahlmann Beate
Published: May 2009

Indices from a more elementary neuropsychological level might be useful in the search for genes for complex psychiatric disorders, such as ADHD. In this study we investigated systematically whether attentional performance as measured with the Attention Network Test (ANT) is suited for the identification of endophenotypes of ADHD. Attentional performance in affected sib pairs with ADHD (n = 181) was compared to unaffected control siblings (n = 121). Intrafamilial correlation patterns were calculated. In addition, linkage and association analyses were conducted between quantitative scores of attentional functions and dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) and dopamine transporter (DAT1 or SLC6A3) gene variants. Only the executive attention network was significantly impaired in subjects with ADHD compared to controls (P < 0.05) and showed evidence for familiality in both affected and unaffected families. Linkage analyses revealed the highest LOD score for a severity score based on DSM‐IV inattentive symptoms in the DAT1 chromosomal region (LOD score 2.6 at 15 cM). However, a SNP (rs6350) at the DAT1 locus showed a tendency for association with both alerting performance (P = 0.02) and executive attention (P = 0.01) although it did not survive alpha adjustment for multiple testing. No evidence was found for association of any of the investigated phenotypes with the VNTR in the DRD4. Thus, our data suggest that the quantitative behavioral ratings of inattentive symptoms might be more useful when searching for new genes associated with ADHD, however, among the ANT measures the executive attention network seems to be best suited for further endophenotype analyses. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Supramolecularly Assisted Transformation of Block‐Copolymer Micelles into Nanotubes
Authors: Kim Sung Ho , Nederberg Fredrik , Jakobs Robert , Tan Jeremy P. K. , Fukushima Kazuki , Nelson Alshakim , Meijer E. W. , Yang Yi Yan , Hedrick James L.
Published: May 2009

Einmal um den Block: Führt man eine starre wasserstoffbrückenbildende Benzamid‐Einheit zwischen die Polymerblöcke in Poly(ethylenglycol)(PEG)‐(Thio)harnstoff‐Poly(L‐Lactid)(PLLA)‐Blockcopolymeren ein, so ändert sich deren Morphologie: Statt sphärischer Micellen, wie sie von PEG‐PLLA‐Diblockcopolymeren gebildet werden, entstehen Nanoröhren.

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Me‐bipam for Enantioselective Ruthenium(II)‐Catalyzed Arylation of Aldehydes with Arylboronic Acids
Authors: Yamamoto Yasunori , Kurihara Kazunori , Miyaura Norio
Published: May 2009

Lieber zweizähnig: Die Titelreaktion liefert chirale Diarylmethanole in guten Ausbeuten. Mit dem chiralen zweizähnigen Phosphoramidit‐Liganden (R,R)‐Me‐bipam wurden mitunter ausgezeichnete Enantioselektivitäten erhalten.

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Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Quaternary Carbon Centers: A Route to α‐Substituted Serines
Authors: Ariza Xavier , Cornellà Josep , Font‐Bardia Mercè , Garcia Jordi , Ortiz Jordi , Sánchez Carolina , Solans Xavier
Published: May 2009

Three in a row! Highly functionalized quaternary amino polyols with three consecutive asymmetric carbon centers have been prepared through tandem hydroboration of allene 1 and addition to an aldehyde (see scheme; Cy=cyclohexyl, TBDPS=tert‐butyldiphenylsilyl, Ts=4‐toluenesulfonyl). This one‐pot process provides access to advanced intermediates for the enantioselective synthesis of α‐substituted serines.

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Me‐bipam for Enantioselective Ruthenium(II)‐Catalyzed Arylation of Aldehydes with Arylboronic Acids
Authors: Yamamoto Yasunori , Kurihara Kazunori , Miyaura Norio
Published: May 2009

Ligand design by‐pam: A ruthenium‐catalyzed asymmetric arylation of aldehydes with arylboronic acids has been developed, giving chiral diarylmethanols in good yields. The use of a chiral bidentate phosphoramidite ligand ((R,R)‐Me‐bipam) led to excellent enantioselectivities.

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Representing energy drain in numerical weather prediction models induced by boundary layer sub‐grid scale processes
Authors: Collier C. G. , Davies F.
Published: May 2009

The representation of sub‐grid scale boundary layer processes is central to understanding the errors in numerical weather prediction model forecasts. Of particular importance are statistics associated with convective turbulence, notably the temporal and spatial variations of kinetic energy dissipation rate. In this paper we outline how a 1.5‐micron Doppler lidar system may be used in this context, and propose an operational network of such systems for use in numerical forecasting. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
An adaptive hierarchical Bayes quality measurement plan
Authors: Lahiri Partha , Li Huilin
Published: May 2009

The quality of a production process is often judged by a quality assurance audit, which is essentially a structured system of sampling inspection plan. The defects of sampled products are assessed and compared with a quality standard, which is determined from a tradeoff among manufacturing costs, operating costs and customer needs. In this paper, we propose a new hierarchical Bayes quality measurement plan that assumes an implicit prior for the hyperparameters. The resulting posterior means and variances are obtained adaptively using a parametric bootstrap method. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A multivariate time series approach to projected life tables
Authors: Lazar Dorina , Denuit Michel M.
Published: May 2009

The method of mortality forecasting proposed by Lee and Carter describes a time series of age‐specific log‐death rates as a sum of an independent of time age‐specific component and a bilinear term in which one of the component is a time‐varying factor reflecting general change in mortality and the second one is an age‐specific parameter. Such a rigid model structure implies that on average the mortality improvements for different age groups should be proportional, regardless of the calendar period: a single time factor drives the future death rates. This paper investigates the use of multivariate time series techniques for forecasting age‐specific death rates. This approach allows for relative speed of decline in the log death rates specific to the different ages. The dynamic factor analysis and the Johansen cointegration methodology are successfully applied to project mortality. The inclusion of several time factors allows the model to capture the imperfect correlations in death rates from 1 year to the next. The benchmark Lee–Carter model appears as a special case of these approaches. An empirical study is conducted with the help of the Johansen cointegration methodology. A vector‐error correction model is fitted to Belgian general population death rates. A comparison is performed with the forecast of life expectancies obtained from the classical Lee–Carter model. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gene expression profiling differentiates autism case–controls and phenotypic variants of autism spectrum disorders: evidence for circadian rhythm dysfunction in severe autism
Authors: Hu Valerie W. , Sarachana Tewarit , Kim Kyung Soon , Nguyen AnhThu , Kulkarni Shreya , Steinberg Mara E. , Luu Truong , Lai Yinglei , Lee Norman H.
Published: May 2009

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by delayed/abnormal language development, deficits in social interaction, repetitive behaviors and restricted interests. The heterogeneity in clinical presentation of ASD, likely due to different etiologies, complicates genetic/biological analyses of these disorders. DNA microarray analyses were conducted on 116 lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) from individuals with idiopathic autism who are divided into three phenotypic subgroups according to severity scores from the commonly used Autism Diagnostic Interview‐Revised questionnaire and age‐matched, nonautistic controls. Statistical analyses of gene expression data from control LCL against that of LCL from ASD probands identify genes for which expression levels are either quantitatively or qualitatively associated with phenotypic severity. Comparison of the significant differentially expressed genes from each subgroup relative to the control group reveals differentially expressed genes unique to each subgroup as well as genes in common across subgroups. Among the findings unique to the most severely affected ASD group are 15 genes that regulate circadian rhythm, which has been shown to have multiple effects on neurological as well as metabolic functions commonly dysregulated in autism. Among the genes common to all three subgroups of ASD are 20 novel genes mostly in putative noncoding regions, which appear to associate with androgen sensitivity and which may underlie the strong 4:1 bias toward affected males.