bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developing an Infrastructure Intervention for Solid Waste Exclusion in Pit Latrine Faecal Sludge
Authors: Banda Rabson , Kabika Joel
Published: April 2024

Pit latrine emptying is an important maintenance practice meant to increase a toilet's lifespan. However, the presence of solid waste in faecal sludge pose a great challenge during pit emptying, faecal sludge treatment and processing. Recent studies have demonstrated that solid wastes cause pits to fill up at a faster rate, destruct faecal sludge decomposition, and cause damage to emptying devices by blocking machine parts, and in some cases breaking them. When such occurs, emptying devices are usually withdrawn to manually remove the trapped debris, causing a loss of valuable time and reductions in daily revenue. One way of averting the adverse effects of solid wastes in pit latrines is by preventing them from mixing with faecal sludge in the pit. Therefore, the study aimed to design, develop and test an infrastructure intervention that would exclude solid waste from pit latrine faecal sludge. The study used a quantitative approach in which experimental methods were used to collect primary data. The methodology included the design, fabrication, and installation of a solid waste screening unit on a pit latrine. The screening unit was positioned directly below the squat hole to intercept solid waste while allowing excreta to pass through it. The unit was tested on a pit latrine that was used by 20 individuals over a period of 120 days, after which mass measurements of the intercepted solid wastes were done. The data obtained was analysed using Microsoft Excel 2016 version. It was found that the screening unit was capable of intercepting 88.2±0.6 % of the solid waste that entered the toilet through the squat hole. This confirmed that although behavioral, and education interventions have been conducted, there was little change in behavior towards the dumping of solid wastes in pit latrines. The study also showed that installing solid waste screening systems in future pit latrines can be one way of preventing solid wastes from mixing with pit latrine faecal sludge. These findings suggest that incorporating solid waste screening systems into future pit latrines could effectively prevent solid waste from mixing with faecal sludge. This intervention promises to complement existing behavioral and educational interventions prevalent in many developing countries. The study's application and findings promise improvements in faecal sludge management during pit emptying, treatment, and processing, thereby enhancing public health outcomes.
Understanding and Differentating General and Special Relativity
Authors: Sundrønning Sondre
Published: April 2024

This article stresses the importance of comprehending projectile motion for its extensive applications in both science and real-world contexts. This understanding not only enhances our grasp of physics and mathematics but also demonstrates how straightforward motions can embody complex scientific concepts.
Assessing Pollution Sources and Impacts in Gbarnga: A Case Study of Barwror and Kortu Quarters
Authors: D. Mulbah Alex , S. Flomo Mogana
Published: April 2024

The rapid urbanization and industrialization of Gbarnga have brought forth significant environmental challenges, including pollution. This study, titled "Assessing Pollution Sources and Impacts in Gbarnga: A Case Study of Barwror and Kortu Quarters," aims to investigate public awareness and participation in pollution reduction initiatives within these communities. The background of the study encompasses the pressing need to address pollution in urban areas like Gbarnga, where industrial activities and urbanization have intensified environmental pressures. Previous research has highlighted the detrimental effects of pollution on public health, ecosystem integrity, and overall well-being, emphasizing the urgency of proactive measures to mitigate pollution levels. The objectives of this research include assessing the level of public awareness regarding environmental regulations and policies aimed at pollution reduction, as well as gauging community willingness to participate in pollution reduction initiatives. Additionally, the study seeks to identify factors influencing public engagement in environmental actions and to provide recommendations for enhancing community involvement in pollution mitigation efforts. The findings reveal a significant gap in public awareness of environmental regulations and policies, with just over half of the population informed about such initiatives. However, there exists a strong willingness among community members to actively engage in pollution reduction initiatives, with over 97% expressing readiness to participate. Further statistical analysis indicates a moderate level of public awareness regarding pollution-related issues, underscoring the need for targeted educational campaigns and enhanced communication strategies. In conclusion, the study emphasizes the importance of strengthening communication channels, launching educational campaigns, fostering inclusive community engagement, encouraging community-research partnerships, and integrating public awareness initiatives into environmental policy frameworks. These recommendations aim to empower communities to actively participate in pollution reduction efforts, ultimately contributing to the attainment of sustainable environmental goals in Gbarnga and similar urban settings.
Work Satisfaction and Related Variables among Nurses Employed in Particular Hospitals in Mogadishu, Somalia
Authors: Abubakar Mohamud; Bashir , Abdullahi Abdi Ali
Published: April 2024

Purpose: The objective of this research was to evaluate the degree of job satisfaction and related variables among nurses employed at specific hospitals in Mogadishu, Somalia.  Methods A cross-sectional, descriptive research approach was employed, and a sample of 120 nurses was included in the study. The intended sample was chosen using a straightforward random sampling procedure. Data were gathered using a pre-tested, structured, self- administered questionnaire including a work satisfaction measure. Descriptive statistics were used for analysis after the obtained data were loaded into SPSS version 20.0.  Results The study used 120 study participants in total. Of the nurse practitioners, 41 (34.2%) expressed dissatisfaction with their work. Among the research subjects; 45(37.5%) dissatisfied with payment (salary). Regarding the options for pursuing a postgraduate degree in nursing or additional education 40 (33.3%) were dissatisfied. More than half of participants 75 (62.5%) were decided to resign from current employment due to payment (salary) issues.  Conclusions The nursing staff expressed dissatisfaction with possibilities for professional growth, recognition, low pay, inadequate benefits, doing many incorrect jobs, and increased workload. It is recommended that actions be taken to improve working conditions, pay, and human resource policies in order to raise the degree of job satisfaction among nursing staff.
Digital Pathways to Empowerment: Unraveling Women's Journeys in Atmanirbhar Bharat through ICT - A Qualitative Exploration
Authors: Kumari Preveen
Published: April 2024

This qualitative research aims to explore the lived experiences, perceptions, and challenges faced by women in leveraging Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for empowerment within the framework of Atmanirbhar Bharat. Through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions, the study seeks to understand how ICT tools and platforms contribute to women's socio-economic empowerment, including their participation in education, entrepreneurship, governance, and employment. By examining individual narratives and community perspectives, the research aims to uncover the nuances of women's engagement with ICT, as well as the barriers they encounter in accessing and utilizing digital resources. The findings of this study are expected to provide valuable insights into the intersection of gender, technology, and development, informing policy and practice for promoting women's empowerment and self-reliance in India. In the framework of Atmanirbhar Bharat, we want to investigate the relationship between ICT and women's empowerment in this qualitative study. By studying women's experiences, obstacles, and opportunities when using ICT resources, we hope to add to the body of knowledge needed to create policies and programs that support gender-inclusive development and enable women to take an active role in empowering themselves and their communities as they work towards prosperity and self-reliance in India.
The Role of Financial Institution Facilities in Ensuring Customer Contentment in Commercial Banking Institutions in Bamenda-Cameroon
Authors: Vera Fuein , Dieudonne Nkwati Njekang
Published: April 2024

Banks across the globe have been experiencing fast changes in recent years. The banking industry in particular has benefited greatly from the expansion of information technology which has allowed for numerous delivery routes for online consumers and the rapid resolution of concerns. This study seeks to find out the role of financial institution facilities in ensuring customer contentment in commercial banking institutions in Bamenda-Cameroon. A questionnaire was used in the study and it was administered to bank employees, government employees and some business owners. Simple random sampling technique was employed as a sample technique and simple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the data. The population size for this study was 700 and a total of 280 questionnaires were distributed but 254 questionnaires were returned resulting to a sample size of 254. The findings of this study revealed that frequent use of ATM cards has a significant positive effect on consumer contentment, financial institution facilities also has a positive effect on the consumer contentment and internet banking has a significant negative effect on consumer contentment. Digitalization of banking activities also helps to reduce fraud because information cannot be altered. The study recommends that financial institution facilities should involve uploading of documents for account opening and loan request. Consumer contentment is priority to achieving banking goals based on the quality of services provided by banks to meet the needs of customers. It is recommended that banks should improve on the quality of digitalized services in order to increase the customer base of the bank.
Optimizing Sound Quality and Immersion of a Proposed Cinema in Victoria Island, Nigeria
Authors: Ayomide Henry Haastrup , Emmanuel Aduragbemi Osilewe , Paul Adu-Ojo Attah , Faruq Oparinde
Published: April 2024

Enhancing sound quality and immersion is vital for an enriched cinematic journey. This study is centered on the proposed cinema in Victoria Island, Nigeria, aiming to tackle challenges and opportunities in this realm. It explores the current landscape of cinema sound technology, focusing on innovations like Dolby Atmos and DTS:X, renowned for transforming global audio experiences. Through thorough analysis, the research aims to offer comprehensive recommendations for augmenting sound quality and immersion in the proposed cinema. It scrutinizes acoustic aspects, employing acoustic treatments and advanced audio processing technologies, alongside immersive audio solutions. Cultural nuances specific to Nigeria are factored in to ensure resonance with local audiences. Ultimately, the research seeks to establish new benchmarks for cinematic audio experiences in Nigeria.
Discovery of presumably introduced spiders, Oedignatha scrobiculata Thorell, 1881 (Araneae, Liocranidae) and Boagrius qiong Lin & Li, 2022 (Araneae, Palpimanidae) on Chichi-jima Island, the Ogasawara Islands, Japan
Authors: Suzuki Yuya , Hisasue Yu
Published: April 2024

The spider fauna of the Ogasawara Islands, oceanic islands located 1,000 km south of mainland Japan was comprehensively examined by the National Museum of Nature and Science in 2011, which revealed that approximately 70% of the spider fauna was composed of non-native species. Following the preceding study, however, only descriptions of several new species have been added and no major updates have been made for the overall spider fauna of the Islands.

The faunistic survey of spiders conducted on Chichi-jima Island, the largest island in the Ogasawara Islands in 2023 revealed the presence of two ground-dwelling spider species, Oedignatha scrobiculata Thorell, 1881 (Araneae, Liocranidae) and Boagrius qiong Lin & Li, 2022 (Araneae, Palpimanidae) on the Island. This represents the first record of the two species from Japan, the first record of palpimaid spiders from Japan and the initial documentation of liocranid spiders in the Ogasawara Islands.
Three new strategies for improving biosecurity and invasive species management to build resilience in Pacific Islands
Authors: Hoffmann Benjamin D. , Brewington Laura , Andreozzi Phil , Boudjelas Souad , Day Michael D. , Ero Mark , Jackson Trevor , Martin Christy , Montgomery Michelle
Published: April 2024

The inaugural Pacific Ecological Security Conference (PESC) was held in October 2022, bringing together over 100 island leaders, policy-makers, natural resource managers and global and regional invasive species experts to prioritise the critical issue of invasive species in the Pacific Islands Region. Participants confirmed that invasive species are a major threat to building and maintaining climate resilience and adaptability of Pacific Island ecosystems, as well as food security, biodiversity, sustainable livelihoods and the protection of cultural resources and way of life. Three region-wide strategic action plans were developed to guide interventions focused on the topics of invasive ants, coconut rhinoceros beetle and the use of biological control as a pest and weed management tool. These plans were the major outcome of the PESC and, when implemented, will result in coordinated activities that take a “whole-of-Pacific” approach to invasive species biosecurity and management. Here, we briefly describe the background, planning and engagement process for the three plans, summarise any country- and territory-level data obtained through the process and detail what is planned to occur over the next few years. In addition to the adoption and implementation of the strategies as a result of this inaugural PESC, we anticipate that the PESC will become the premier regional conference aimed at reducing the entry and impacts of invasive species to improve sustainability of environments and peoples of the Pacific.
On the time complexity of achieving optimal throughput in time division multiple access communication networks
Authors: Nofal Samer
Published: April 2024

The fundamental problem of finding transmission schedules for achieving optimal throughput in time division multiple access (TDMA) communication networks is known to be NP-hard. Let $ \mathcal{N} $ be a scheduled $ k $-time slot TDMA network with $ n $ stations and $ m $ links. We showed that an optimal link schedule for $ \mathcal{N} $ can be computed recursively with a recursion tree of logarithmic depth $ \mathcal{O}(\ln m) $ in expectation. Additionally, we showed that optimal link schedules for those TDMA networks, with recursion trees of depth meeting the expectation, can be found in time $ \mathcal{O}(m^{2+\ln k}) $. Likewise, we discuss analogous results for computing optimal station schedules of TDMA networks.
Zaznavanje olesenele vegetacije s konvolucijsko nevronsko mrežo U-Net
Authors: Gabrič Adam , Oštir Krištof , Kokalj Žiga
Published: April 2024

S konvolucijsko nevronsko mrežo U-Net smo zaznavali posamezna drevesa, skupine dreves in grmovnic, drevorede, gozd, mejice, obvodno vegetacijo in drevesa v sadovnjakih, ki jih gradijo različne vrste olesenele vegetacije. Osnovni vhodni podatek je bil ortofoto, ki smo mu z namenom boljše klasifikacije dodajali dodatne sloje. Najboljši rezultat smo dobili s kombinacijo ortofota in modela višin krošenj – skupna natančnost klasifikacije je bila 93,3%. Ta kombinacija vhodnih podatkov je zvišala natančnost klasifikacije razredov gozd in ostalo, ki predstavljata daleč največji delež učnih vzorcev, medtem ko je bil rezultat za manj zastopane razrede (zlasti drevored) tudi pri tej klasifikaciji slabši.
Woody vegetation detection with the U-Net convolutional neural network
Single trees, groups of trees and bushes, trees in rows, forest, hedges, riparian vegetation and trees in orchards, all of which are composed by different woody vegetation species, were classified using convolutional neural network U-Net. National orthophoto represented basic input data, however adding further layers was tested with a view of improving classification. Best results were obtained using orthophoto and canopy height model combination, the overall accuracy reached 93.3%. This combination increased accuracies achieved at two biggest classes (classes forest and other). The model performed much worse with other classes, that were less represented in training data, which is especially true for trees in rows.
Gait Analysis—A Tool for Medical Inferences
Authors: K Sindhu , A Nidhi Uday  , Abhishek S J  , Anjali S
Published: April 2024

Gait analysis is a valuable tool for making medical inferences and improving the diagnosis and treatment of mobility issues. This project aims to leverage gait analysis in addressing two important challenges: detecting knock knees and monitoring patients with Parkinson’s disease for falls. The project proposes the integration of gait analysis with yoga therapy to provide a unique and effective approach for correcting knock knees. A web user interface is developed to enable individuals to access the system, receive accurate feedback on their gait, and access yoga postures tailored to target knock knees. Additionally, a fall detection system is designed to monitor patients with Parkinson’s disease and notify caregivers or guardians in case of a fall. The implementation involves utilizing deep learning models, such as OpenPose model, a widely adopted deep learning framework for pose estimation and MediaPipe, another recognized framework used for building multimodal applied machine learning pipelines, to analyze gait patterns and detect knock knees and falls. The project aims to empower individuals in improving their gait, correcting knock knees, and enhancing their physical health, ultimately improving their quality of life and well-being.
A Deep Learning Approach for Malnutrition Detection
Authors: Ankalaki Shilpa , G Biradar Vidyadevi , Naik P Kishore Kumar , S. Hukkeri Geetabai
Published: April 2024

The timely detection of malnutrition in children is of paramount importance, as it allows for early intervention and treatment. This proactive approach not only prevents further health deterioration but also fosters proper growth, minimizing the long-term consequences of malnutrition, such as stunted growth, impaired cognitive development, and increased vulnerability to diseases. Our work encompasses the creation of a new dataset comprising images of children in Healthy, Undernourished, Stunting, and Wasting categories. The core objective is to assess the deep learning model performance in classifying these children images. The experimentation is carried out by varying epochs, batch size, optimizers AdamW, Adamax, and RMSprop; and different values of the learning rate 0.1, 0.01, 0.001, and 0.0001 during model training. The model is trained on image dataset constructed by cleaning images generated by the stable diffusion model. The model is tested on randomly selected child images from websites. The model successfully classified two classes with 95% accuracy, 97.6% F1 score, precision 97.6%, and 97.6% recall with Adam optimizers, 0.0001 learning rate, and Batch size 4. Additionally, for the four-class categorization scenario, the study broadens the classification. The model achieved 88.87% accuracy, 90.3% recall, 90.2% precision, and an F1 score of 90% for four-class categorization with AdamW optimization, 0.0001 learning rate, and batch size 6. These results are satisfactory for prediction of malnutrition category in children.
Enhancing Psychological Well-being in Higher Education Post-Covid-19 Pandemic. The Role of AI-Based Support Systems—Bibliometric Reviews
Authors: Nguyen Thuy Van  , Mohd Amran Mohd Daril  , Masroor Ali  , Muhammad Saleem Korejo
Published: April 2024

Psychological well-being is a cornerstone of student success in higher education. However, many students struggle with mental health challenges like stress, anxiety, and depression during and even after the Covid-19 pandemic. These challenges, often stemming from academic, personal, social, or career concerns, negatively impact student learning and development. This underscores the need for robust support systems within higher education (HE). Artificial intelligence (AI) emerges as a promising field in educational technology, offering students readily available guidance on their path to well-being. This research, guided by the PRISMA Statement 2015, provides an overview of AI applications in higher education through a systematic review. From an initial pool of 270 publications identified between year 2021 and 2023, finally, 24 articles met our inclusion criteria and were analyzed for the final synthesis. This paper revealed three key areas where AI-based systems can support student well-being: i) AI’s Advancement and Potential: Exploring the evolving capabilities and promise of AI in this context. ii) Building Effective AI Systems: Identifying crucial components for successful AI-based well-being interventions. iii) Barriers to Implementing AI in Higher Education: Addressing ethical considerations and challenges unique to academic settings. The conclusions and the road ahead from this research is the critical need for ethical, well-designed AI-based systems to overcome existing barriers and deliver exceptional student well-being support services. By prioritizing student mental health and providing them with the necessary tools and resources, we can empower them to achieve their full potential and thrive in their academic endeavors.
Isotretinoin musculoskeletal side effects: a systematic review
Authors: Almutairi Rahaf R. , Almutairi Atheer G. , Alhallafi Afnan F. , Almudawi Norah A. , AlSulaiman Mohammed Abdulaziz , Shadid Asem M. , Alharithy Ruaa
Published: April 2024

This study aimed to investigate musculoskeletal complications secondary to isotretinoin use. A systematic review was conducted, and a total of 49 studies, including analytical studies, case reports, and case series, were included in the analysis. The studies examined musculoskeletal symptoms, diagnostic findings, and treatment approaches associated with isotretinoin use. Musculoskeletal symptoms reported in the studies included lethargy, myalgia, low back pain, arthralgia, tendinopathy, and sacroiliitis. Physical examination findings and radiological findings were used to confirm the diagnoses. Treatment approaches ranged from [non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)] to discontinuation of isotretinoin. Some studies have explored the impact of isotretinoin dosage, treatment duration, and vitamin levels on musculoskeletal symptoms. Isotretinoin-induced sacroiliitis and [diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH)] emerged as notable musculoskeletal complications. The findings highlight the importance of monitoring patients for potential musculoskeletal side effects and implementing appropriate interventions.
An in-depth study on the magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of tendon rupture in sports injuries and its correlation with patients' clinical symptoms
Authors: Shi Haihua , Jv Lingjuan , Xu Jungang , Qian Xiangyu
Published: April 2024

Muscle injuries, such as Achilles and quadriceps tendon ruptures, pose a significant challenge in elite sports, accounting for more than 30% of all sports-related injuries. Our primary goal is to investigate the MR imaging characteristics of tendon rupture in sports injuries and their relationship with patients' clinical symptoms. In our retrospective study at Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine's Second Affiliated Hospital (Zhejiang Xinhua Hospital), we compared the clinical presentation and MRI results of 106 patients with isolated AT and QT ruptures. In the AT, the enthesis was identified as a common site of bony avulsions (30.2%). In contrast, insertional ruptures were more common in the gastrocnemius heads (69.8% and 66.0%). The low frequency of mid-substance tears (13.2% to 20.8%) demonstrated the central tendon region's inherent tensile strength. The ruptured musculotendinous junctions affected the soleus (20.8%). In QT, bony avulsions play a minor role (5.1% to 11.3%). The patella was the primary site of tears (42.2% - 45.3%), with the Vastus intermedius favoring proximal tears (58.5%). Our examination of AT and QT ruptures across sub-components sheds light on their distinct patterns and the implications for clinical practice in terms of precise diagnosis, personalized treatment, and, ultimately, better patient outcomes for these debilitating injuries.
Buerger-Allen exercises' effectiveness for improving lower limb circulation
Authors: Widiastuti Hesti Prawita , Paonganan Rahmawati , Setiani Diah , Arsyawina Arsyawina , Pramono Joko Sapto , Hilda Hilda
Published: April 2024

Impaired peripheral perfusion in the legs is the most common complaint experienced by patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM). One nursing intervention in the form of physical exercise that can be administered to DM patients to prevent peripheral perfusion disorders and increase vascularization of the lower extremities is the Buerger-Allen Exercise (BAE). The goal of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of BAE in improving lower extremity circulation. The population consisted of patients with type 2 DM. The research design employed a quasi-experiment with pre-test and post-test, including a control group. A sample of 24 respondents was divided into an intervention group and a control group. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. Data were obtained through direct Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) measurement using a Doppler ultrasound and an aneroid sphygmomanometer, temporary blood sugar level measurements using a glucometer, and leg sensitivity measurements using a monofilament tool. Paired T-tests and independent T-tests were used as statistical tests. The results of the Paired T-test for lower limb circulation in the intervention group yielded a p-value of 0.000, indicating a significant difference in the circulation of the lower extremities before and after the intervention. The results of the independent T-test also showed a p-value of 0.000, indicating significance. Thus, BAE can improve lower limb circulation in patients with type 2 DM.
Polish Baby Boom in United Kingdom – Emotional Determinants of Medical Care Perception by Pregnant Poles in UK
Authors: Kazmierczak Maria , Nowak Agnieszka , Pastwa-Wojciechowska Beata , Goodwin Robin
Published: April 2024

In the year of 2004 United Kingdom experienced the wave of immigration from Poland which was recently admitted to the European Union. In 2010 Poland was one of three countries of origin of non-UK born mothers, and the increase in birth rates among Poles in United Kingdom has started in 2005 (Office for National Statistics, 2010; Hayes et al., 2011). The aim of this paper is to examine the perception of various components of medical care received during the course of pregnancy by Polish women residing in the United Kingdom (N = 106). We took under consideration two aspects of female emotional and cognitive functioning: inclination to depression, and empathy. Depression was measured by the Edinburgh Depression Scale (Cox et al., 1987), and empathy was measured by the Empathic Sensitivity Questionnaire (ESQ) (Kazmierczak et al., 2007). As hypothesized pregnant women who scored higher in depression and emotional contagion were also less satisfied with the information they received from the medical staff. Personal distress was the sole empathic dimension, which was associated with dissatisfaction with: a general gynecological care during pregnancy, emotional support from a gynecologist / a midwife, and the quality of medical care provided by a gynecologist / a midwife. Other-oriented empathic tendencies (empathic concern and perspective taking) facilitated cultural adaptation in our sample in respect of dealing with foreign health system in a highly vulnerable time of pregnancy.
Self- and Other-Oriented Motivations Associated with Emotional Suppression of Internalized and Externalized Negative Emotions: A Multiethnic Self-Report Study in the Netherlands
Authors: Stupar-Rutenfrans Snežana , van de Vijver Fons , Fontaine Johnny
Published: April 2024

We were interested in the motivations associated with emotional suppression, their relationship with negative emotions in self-reported emotional events, and their cross-cultural similarities and differences. Based on a framework of human values (Schwartz, 1994) and internalization-externalization (Krueger & Markon, 2006), we expected in the current study that self-reported motivations to suppress negative emotions are either self- or other-oriented. The sample consisted of 354 Dutch majority members, 319 immigrants from non-Western, and 368 from Western countries. The two-dimensional solution of self- and other-oriented motivations was confirmed. Non-Western immigrants scored higher on other-oriented motivation than Western immigrants, but no interethnic differences were found in self-oriented motivation. Non-Western immigrants scored higher on anxiety, compassion, guilt, and hate compared to Dutch group. Associations of negative emotions with self- and other- oriented motivation were the same in all groups. Sadness was positively related to self-oriented motivation, whereas anger was positively related to other-oriented motivation. We concluded that emotional suppression depends not only on self- or other-orientation but also on the type of emotions (internalized versus externalized) and the relationships are not influenced by ethnicity.
A Similarity Graph-based Approach to Study Social Representations of the Economic Crisis: A Comparison between Italian and Greek Social Groups
Authors: Fasanelli Roberto , Liguori Anna , Galli Ida
Published: April 2024

In order to analyse the common sense theories about the economic thinking and acting, this research has been conducted with the theoretical framework of the Social Representation Theory. By interviewing Italian and Greek participants belonging to different social groups, we examined how expert and lay people face this phenomenon. Inspired by the Structural Approach, which considers SRs as constituted of two parts (a structure and a content), data were collected through specific strategies and were created ad hoc: hierarchized evocations, characterization and multiple choice questionnaires. Four groups of participants (N=120 for each country; n=30 for each group; gender balanced) were employed: university students (second/third year; Faculty of economics), mid-level bank clerks, shopkeepers, and laypeople. Obtained data were treated with rang/frequency and similarity/ network analysis, as well as mono and bivariate statistical analysis. The main findings demonstrate culture and group membership differences in the ways participants define and foresee strategies to face the crisis. In particular, in both Italian and Greek samples, differences between expert and lay groups are clear. Methodological implications associated with combining qualitative and quantitative methods, in SRT’s Structural Approach, are presented and discussed.
On the Road to Half a Century of Cross-Cultural Psychology: Foundations, Current Status, and Forecasts
Authors: Lonner Walt
Published: April 2024

The modern movement of cross-cultural psychology began in the mid-1960s. Shortly after those earlier activities, two conferences were building blocks in helping to develop and institutionalize the field. The first was a NATO-sponsored conference held in Istanbul in 1971. Organized by Lee J. Cronbach and Pieter J. D. Drenth, it resulted in a book that they edited, Mental tests and cultural adaptation (Mouton Press, 1972). The second was the inaugural IACCP conference held in Hong Kong in 1972. It was organized by John Dawson and resulted in the first IACCP proceedings volume, Readings in cross-cultural psychology (Dawson and Lonner, published by the University of Hong Kong Press in 1974) In addition, a number of other activities spanning the mid-1960s to the early 1970s were important in setting the stage for the rapid ascent of contemporary culture-oriented psychology. For example, the Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology was inaugurated in 1970. Unit 1 of IACCP’s Online Readings in Psychology and Culture contains further information about the first half century of IACCP (IACCP.org).
Occupational Stress of Working Women in a Specific Culture
Authors: Misra Santa
Published: April 2024

The occupational stress of the working-woman in a specific orthodox socio-cultural milieu and the effects of personality traits, which are considered as preventive, protective as well as assailing factors, that influence the stress in the workplace, is now a burning issue in organizational sectors. Thus the study sought to examine the relationship of personality attributes on the management of occupational role stress in the working woman(N=550) from 11 occupational groups varying in age, level of employment and working hours in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. For each subject, data were collected on 10 measures of occupational stress, 4 measures of coping resources, and 5 measures of big five personality traits by using Occupational Stress Inventory-R and NEO Personality Inventory-3. Findings of the study revealed that four groups of women employees, namely police professionals, bureaucrats, corporate engineers and employees in the unorganized sector, have both strong maladaptive role stress as well as psychological stress and strain. Bank employees and Government Engineers have mild maladaptive role stress and psychological stress and strain. All other groups namely, doctors, nurses, administrative staff, school-teachers, and college teachers have both normal adaptive role stress and psychological stress and strain. It was concluded that occupational stress and the coping resources of women employees were significantly influenced by their types of jobs, and factors of individual differences. Each of the Big Five Personality Traits have significant influence on occupational stress and coping resources of the employees. While four of the traits namely openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, and agreeableness helped to control and manage occupational stress by enhancing coping resources. Neuroticism increased the stress and decreased coping resources. The study implicates - exploring, prohibiting and managing the cause and effect relationship of occupational role stress of women in a workplace situation.
High Risk ECMO Cannula to Circuit Connection
Authors: Maybauer Marc O. , Frantz Amanda , Stahl Ryan , Becker Torben K.
Published: April 2024

A patient with a percutaneously inserted cardiopulmonary bypass cannula into the right internal jugular vein, connected to an extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) circuit using tape, was referred for transport to our ECMO center. We describe management, quality improvement, and lessons learned.
Empowering Little Fighters: Post-Cardiotomy Pediatric ECMO and the Journey to Recovery
Authors: Kumar Alok , Raj Sangeeth , Singh Saurabh , Ghotra Gurpinder S. , Tiwari Nikhil
Published: April 2024

Introduction:

Extra Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) has long been used for cardiorespiratory support in the immediate post-paediatric cardiac surgery period with a 2-3% success as per the ELSO registry. Success in recovery depends upon the optimal delivery of critical care to paediatric patients and a comprehensive healthcare team.

Methodology:

The survival benefit of children placed on central veno arterial (VA) ECMO following elective cardiac surgeries for congenital heart disease (n = 672) was studied in a cohort of 29 (4.3%) cases from the period of Jan 2018 to Dec 2022 in our cardiac surgical centre. Indications for placing these patients on central VA ECMO included inability to wean from cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), low cardiac output syndrome, severe pulmonary arterial hypertension, significant bleeding, anaphylaxis, respiratory failure and severe pulmonary edema.

Results:

The mean time to initiation of ECMO was less than 5 h and the mean duration of ECMO support was 56 h with a survival rate of 58.3%. Amongst perioperative complications, sepsis and arrhythmia on ECMO were found to be negatively associated with survival. Improvements in the pH, PaO2 levels and serum lactate levels after initiation of ECMO were associated with survival benefits.

Conclusion:

The early initiation of ECMO for paediatric cardiotomies could be a beacon of hope for families and medical teams confronting these challenging situations. Improvement in indicators of adequate perfusion and ventricular recoveries like pH and serum lactate and absence of arrhythmia and sepsis are associated with good outcomes.
Summation formulae of multiplicative functions over arithmetic progressions and applications
Authors: Jiang Yujiao , Lü Guangshi
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we investigate the asymptotic distribution of a class of multiplicative functions over arithmetic progressions without the Ramanujan conjecture. We also apply these results to some interesting arithmetic functions in automorphic context, such as coefficients of automorphic L-functions, coefficients of their Rankin–Selberg.
Convergence of a sandpile on a triangular lattice under rescaling
Authors: Aliev Arkadiy Artemovich , Kalinin Nikita Sergeevich
Published: April 2024

We present a survey of results on convergence in sandpile models. For a sandpile model on a triangular lattice we prove results similar to the ones known for a square lattice. Namely, consider the sandpile model on the integer points of the plane and put $n$ grains of sand at the origin. Let us begin the process of relaxation: if the number of grains of sand at some vertex $z$ is not less than its valency (in this case we say that the vertex $z$ is unstable), then we move a grain of sand from $z$ to each adjacent vertex, and then repeat this operation as long as there are unstable vertices. We prove that the support of the state $(n\delta_0)^\circ$ in which the process stabilizes grows at a rate of $\sqrt n$ and, after rescaling with coefficient $\sqrt n$, $(n\delta_0)^\circ$ has a limit in the weak-$^*$ topology.
This result was established by Pegden and Smart for the square lattice (where every vertex is connected with four nearest neighbours); we extend it to a triangular lattice (where every vertex is connected with six neighbours).
Bibliography: 39 titles.
The orbit spaces $G_{n,2}/T^n$ and the Chow quotients $G_{n,2}//(\pmb{\mathbb{C}}^{\ast})^n$ of the Grassmann manifolds $G_{n,2}$
Authors: Buchstaber Victor Matveevich , Terzic Svjetlana
Published: April 2024

The complex Grassmann manifolds $G_{n,k}$ appear as one of the fundamental objects in developing an interaction between algebraic geometry and algebraic topology. The case $k=2$ is of special interest on its own as the manifolds $G_{n,2}$ have several remarkable properties which distinguish them from the $G_{n,k}$ for $k>2$.
In our paper we obtain results which, essentially using the specifics of the Grassmann manifolds $G_{n,2}$, develop connections between algebraic geometry and equivariant topology. They are related to well-known problems of the canonical action
of the algebraic torus $(\mathbb{C}^{\ast})^n$ on $G_{n,2}$ and the induced action of the compact torus $T^n\subset(\mathbb{C}^{\ast})^n$.
Kapranov proved that the Deligne-Mumford-Grothendieck-Knudsen compactification $\overline{\mathcal{M}}(0,n)$ of the space of $n$-pointed rational stable curves can be realized as the Chow quotient $G_{n,2}//(\mathbb{C}^{\ast})^{n}$. In recent papers of the authors a constructive description of the orbit space $G_{n,2}/T^n$ was obtained. In deducing this result the notions of the complex of admissible polytopes and the universal space of parameters $\mathcal{F}_{n}$ for the $T^n$-action on $G_{n,2}$ were of essential use.
Using the techniques of wonderful compactification, in this paper an explicit construction of the space $\mathcal{F}_{n}$ is presented. In combination with Keel's description of $\overline{\mathcal{M}}(0,n)$, this construction enabled one to obtain an explicit diffeomorphism between $\mathcal{F}_{n}$ and $\overline{\mathcal{M}}(0,n)$. In this way, we give a description of $G_{n,2}//(\mathbb{C}^{\ast})^{n}$ as the space $\mathcal{F}_{n}$ with a structure described in terms of admissible polytopes $P_\sigma$ and spaces $F_\sigma$.
Bibliography: 32 titles.
Magnesium Alloy Welding Wire, 2.8Nd - 1.4Gd - 0.4Zn - 0.6Zr (EV31A)
Authors:   AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Published: April 2024

This specification covers a magnesium alloy in the form of welding wire (see 8.5).
Magnesium Alloy Welding Wire 1.5Ag - 2.1Di - 0.08Cu - 0.70Zr (EQ21A)
Authors:   AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Published: April 2024

This specification covers a magnesium alloy in the form of welding wire (see 8.5).
Identifying Barriers to Utilization of Basic Emergency Obstetric and NewBorn Care Services in Jigawa State, North-western Nigeria: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Babandi Z.S. , Wakawa M.M. , Suleiman A.G. , Abubakar B.G. , Dahiru T.
Published: April 2024

Background: Maternal mortality has remained high in northern Nigeria despite decades of effort aimed at reducing it. The number of  women who deliver in Emergency Obstetric Care (EmONC) facilities is low. This study explored the barriers to utilizing Basic EmONC  services in Jigawa State.

Methods: A qualitative study was conducted among mothers of children under five years through 12 Focus  Group Discussions. A purposive sampling technique was used to select participants who were categorized based on age (below 35 years,  35 years and above) and prior utilization of EmONC services. Content analysis along thematic lines was done and the findings were  reported in narrative form.

Results: The mean age of participants was 31 ± 6 years. The majority of participants had primary education  and most were unemployed. Most of the participants identified obstetric danger signs, however, they opine that medical attention should be sought only when complications become serious. Participants in all groups unanimously said decision-making for seeking medical  care rests with the husband and occasionally the mother-in-law. Barriers to seeking care identified by participants include lack of money,  distance to the nearest health facility, fear of embarrassment by healthcare workers, and insecurity among others.

Conclusion: Most  participants were knowledgeable of obstetric danger signs, but with low risk-perception towards obstetric complications. The Jigawa  State government should engage in a robust education campaign on the need for early decision-making to seek care as well as  strengthen its women empowerment programs to overcome barriers to seeking care for obstetric complications.
Occurrence of antimicrobial resistance uropathogenic Staphylococcus aureus isolates from pregnant women attending antenatal clinics within Ilorin
Authors: Bello R. H. , Ibrahim Y. K. E. , Olayinka B. O. , Jimoh A. A. G. , Olabode H. O. K. , Afolabi-Balogun N. B. , Shittu A. O. , Aliyu A. , David M. S.
Published: April 2024

Background: Staphylococus aureus associated with urinary tract infection (UTI) has become a serious health problem especially with the emergence of methicillin resistant Staphylococus aureus (MRSA) due to the acquisition of mecA gene leading to increasing maternal and perinatal burden. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance, β-lactamase production and methicillin resistance among uropathogenic S. aureus among pregnant women attending selected antenatal clinics in Ilorin.Methods: Forty-five (45) out of 79 presumptive uropathogenic S. aureus isolated over a period of 12 months from urine samples of pregnant women were identified using standard bacteriological methods. Antibiogram studies was performed using gentamicin (CN-10μg), ciprofloxacin (CIP-5μg), ofloxacin (OFX-5μg), tetracycline (TE-30μg), sulphamethaxozole-trimethoprim (SXT-25μg), ampicillin (AMP-10 μg), penicillin G (P-10 units), nitrofurantoin (F-30 μg) and cefoxitin (FOX-30 μg) for the detection of MRSA by disc diffusion method. Furthermore, detection of β - lactamase producing S. aureus (BL-PSA) was carried out using Iodometric paper strip method.Results: Of the 45 S. aureus isolates, 80% were BL-PSA, MRSA (87%), exhibiting high resistance to penicillin G (97.8%), ampicillin (95.5%), tetracycline (77.8%) and sulphamethaxozole trimethoprim (64.4%). In addition, 56% were multidrug-resistant (MDR) exhibiting 20 different phenotypes with CN-P-SXT-TE-AMP-FOX (15.6%) being the majority. Notwithstanding, S. aureus isolates showed high sensitivity to nitrofurantoin (93.3%) and ofloxacin (91.1%).Conclusion: This study established an increasing resistance of S. aureus to different classes of antibiotics which emphasize the need for constant surveillance to monitor antimicrobial resistance trends. Routine screening for BL-PSA and MRSA among uropathogenic S. aureus is also advocated in order to reduce the development and spread of MDR isolates.
Antifertility potential of the extracts of Aloe barbadensis Miller on the testes and reproductive hormones of male rats
Authors: Sekegor C. O. , Ekpenyong J. F. , Udoh P. B. , Udoh F. V.
Published: April 2024

There is a plethora of effective female contraceptives with varied efficacy, usability, and acceptability levels but not for males, who have condoms with a high failure rate and vasectomy with poor reversibility. This study was to determine the antifertility potential of the extracts of Aloe barbadensis as a herbal contraceptive for males. Gel and aqueous leaf extracts of Aloe barbadensis were administered orally to thirty-five sexually matured albino male rats for 30 days, to determine their effects on the reproductive hormones and histopathology of the testes. The animals were divided into 7 groups A, B, C, D, E, F, and G. Each group was for a treatment regimen having 5 rats. Group A, the Control, was given a normal ration and water. Groups B, C, and D were administered 10mg/kg, 30mg/kg, and 70mg/kg of fresh A. barbadensis gel daily for 30 days while groups E, F, and G were administered 10mg/kg, 30mg/kg, and 70mg/kg of aqueous leaf extract respectively. A significant reduction in testosterone levels (p<0.05), insignificant reduction in follicle-stimulating hormone levels, and an increase in luteinizing hormone levels that were also not significant (p>0.05) were observed. Histopathological alterations of disrupted cytoarchitecture, absence of Leydig cells, and scanty spermatozoa in the lumen of seminiferous tubules were observed in the tissues of the testes of the treated groups of rats, and as such the extracts may be possible effective natural antifertility agents for males although, toxic constituents of the plant extracts should be screened out before it is allowed for consumption.