bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The West Coast experiment: An overview
Authors: Shemdin Omar H.
Published: October 2011

The West Coast Experiment was conducted in the Southern California Bight during March–April 1977 for the purpose of investigating the mesoscale variability of waves, wind, and surface temperature and to demonstrate the validity and level of usefulness of airborne remote sensing techniques in the investigation of oceanographic processes. This paper presents the large‐scale view of the West Coast Experiment and provides a summary of the major results. For detailed presentations and analyses of the enormous quantity of data collected, the reader is referred to the individual papers.
Storm observation
Authors: Bell Peter M.
Published: October 2011

The Goes‐D meteorological satellite (see figure) was launched September 9 from the Kennedy Space Center. It carried a new type of instrument known as the VAS, or Visible Infrared Spin Scan Radiometer (VISSR) Atmospheric Sounder. NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, and t he University of Wisconsin at Madison will conduct a long‐term experiment to evaluate this instrument's usefulness in t he prediction of severe local hurricanes, storms, and other short‐term weather phenomena.

Previous Goes spacecraft provided day and night, two‐dimensional cloud cover photos. Now, the new atmospheric sounder, in addition to this same imaging capability, will be able to measure atmospheric temperatures and moisture at various altitude layers. As with previous Goes satellites the new instrument will provide both day and night cloud cover photos with a resolution of approximately 0.9 km in daylight and 6.9 km at night.
COSPAR Symposium on Magnetospheres of Planets
Authors: Formisano V. , Knott K.
Published: October 2011

The interaction of the solar wind with planetary bodies gives rise to a large variety of physical phenomena which are not well understood, even in the case of the earth. The existence of a magnetosphere around Saturn has only recently been discovered, but very few data are available. Magnetospheric research has reached a certain maturity in the case of the earth, but also here, as for all other planets, new discoveries and theories are continuously brought up.

The Symposium on Planetary Magnetospheres, which took place in Budapest within the framework of the 23rd COSPAR meeting, was meant to exchange information and show new results obtained from recent European, American, and USSR missions. The symposium was held June 4–7, 1980, and consisted of eight sessions with a total of 80 papers, of which 10 were invited review talks. Data from missions such as Isee 1 and 2, Geos 1 and 2, Imp 7 and 8, Pioneer Venus, Jupiter Voyager 1 and 2, Pioneer 11, as well as earlier missions, such as Mariner 10 and different Venera and Mars missions, were presented.
Gravitational lens theory
Authors: Bell Peter M.
Published: October 2011

‘… imagine an observer, an isolated galaxy acting as a lens, and a quasar, nearly in a line. Two images would be formed on either side of the lens, and a third one would be formed near the center of the galaxy because the bending for central rays will be small.’ [Jerome Christian, in Physics Today, September 1980. ]

This is an explanation of the gravitational lens effects that have been observed within the past year or so in images of a pair of quasars: 0957+561 A and B. The long‐known Einsteinian idea of gravity bending light could presumably apply to the formation of a gravitational lens in space, so that light waves reaching a viewer on earth would be slightly bent and form secondary images that would fall on either side of the primary one, and thus there would only be an odd number of images.
NOAA annual grants
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Nearly $1.5 million is available from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in two annual research grant programs.

The larger program makes available about $1 million to support cooperative projects between U.S. universities and developing countries. Current projects in the Sea Grant International Cooperation Assistant Program emphasize education and training in marine research and development. For more information write to Thomas Murray, Program Director, Sea Grant Office, NOAA, Rockville, Maryland 20852.
Feasibility of cogenerating power
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

A 6‐month feasibility study has confirmed technical expectations for a cogenerating coal gasification power plant that could be built at NASA's Lewis Research Center in Cleveland. The plant would use high‐sulfur coal without polluting the atmosphere and extract twice as much energy from the coal than conventional coal burning.

The facility would gasify the coal to produce a clean fuel gas, burn the gas to produce electricity, and recover waste heat to produce more electricity as well as heat for the Lewis Center's 130 buildings and test facilities. Lewis estimates that the plant could be designed and built for $50 to $70 million. Pending funding, design work could begin in 1981, with the plant in operation beginning in 1984. Funding options are being explored.
NASA publishes Mars photo book
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

All but one of the four Viking spacecraft sent to explore Mars are silent now, but they have left a legacy of hundreds of remarkable photographs of the Red Planet.

Some of the best of these photographs are included in a new NASA paperback publication entitled ‘Images of Mars: The Viking Extended Mission.’ Collected by Nancy Evans of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and Michael H. Carrof the U.S. Geological Survey, the pictures illustrate the varied landscape of one of the earth's closest planetary neighbors.
Where do physicists go?
Authors: Bell Peter M.
Published: October 2011

The number of employment opportunities for graduates in physics has been increasing after a bleak decade. Presumably, the overall job market is feeling the shortage of technical personnel especially in geophysics and the earth sciences, on account of burgeoning requirements of the search for energy. Part of the increase in opportunities for employment in physics is due to a 9‐year decline in the number of doctoral graduates. This trend can be seen in Figures 1 and 2 for physics docorate and masters recipients. There is a clearcut improvement in the job market at both levels.
NWS modernizing its data collection system
Authors: Bell Peter M.
Published: October 2011

The National Weather Service (NWS) is modernizing its systems for collecting and processing the upper‐air information used to make weather predictions. The program will take 5 years and cost $6.5 million. Under the program, NWS will convert from a manual to an automatic system for entering the data collected at its 114 nationwide field stations into minicomputers for processing. Electronic systems at the field stations will be converted from vacuum tubes to solid state.

The NWS field stations track weather and receive data for processing from balloon‐lofted radio devices, called radiosondes. The radiosonde consists of sensors that detect temperature, relative humidity, and pressure at altitudes of 90,000 feet or higher.
Seismic reflection profiling and continental tectonics
Authors: Zoback Mark D.
Published: October 2011

The application of seismic reflection profiling to problems of continental evolution and tectonics represents a major advance in our ability to address questions about fundamental geologic processes with detailed subsurface information. Among geophysical techniques, reflection profiling has unparalleled potential for spatial resolution of subsurface structures, both in basement rocks and their sedimentary cover. Despite the rapid development and refinement of the seismic reflection method for hydrocarbon exploration and the widespread use of reflection profiling in marine investigations, the geologic community has been slow to take advantage of the method for studies of the continental crust in the United States. In the past 4 years, however, reflection profiling by the Consortium for Continental Reflection Profiling (Cocorp) project administered by Cornell University and by the U.S. Geological Survey has yielded remarkable results in several regions (see figure). It is, perhaps, easiest to illustrate the potential contribution of reflection profiling by briefly outlining the results of several recent studies.
Late charges
Authors: Russel C. T.
Published: October 2011

Recently I received notification that two of my abstracts for the Fall AGU Meeting had been assessed late charges, despite the fact that I had personally mailed them several days before the deadline. I do not believe the AGU should assess penalties based on receipt. This penalizes individuals on the basis of the failings of the Postal Service. Since the AGU receives a large number of abstracts, it should be able to gear its operation to the dispersive flow of mail across the country that causes a small percentage of the mail to arrive after weeks rather than days. Is the submittal of abstracts supposed to be a game of roulette in which 5% of the time we are $25 losers? Or should the membership submit all their abstracts in July to meet the September due date? The IRS doesn't do this, and the IRS is an organization devoted to raising money. The AGU is an organization that is supposed to serve its membership. Rather than encourage this stupidity by honoring the late charge, I am refusing to pay this assessment. I trust that in future the AGU will realize its folly and institute a more sensible system, i.e., one that is based on the date of postmark rather than arrival.
Alaska petroleum reserve data
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

New geological and geophysical data on regions of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska are available from the National Geophysical and Solar‐Terrestrial Data Center.

Five data sets contain approximately 2000 line‐miles of seismic data (off‐ and onshore), palynological and micro‐paleontological analyses and reports for eight wells, velocity surveys for seven wells, and five interpretative geological and geophysical reports.
Russian coal gas activity ceases
Authors: Bell Peter M.
Published: October 2011

In the past 30 years, reports on the development of underground coal gasification projects in Soviet Russia have suggested that full‐scale production and supply of coal gas were on the verge of being realities. Thus the results of recent analyses by the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory that the projects in Russia have been terminated are very surprising. The analyses may not be correct; at best they are speculative, based on reports of western visitors to test sites and on some Russian reports. It does appear definite, however, that original plans have not materialized, and because Russia is not discussing the issue now, the causes of failure in efforts to achieve full‐scale commercial development are not really known.
Report from IUGG Assembly: IAGA session on correlation between anomalies of potential fields
Authors: Hood P. J.
Published: October 2011

The convener of the session was R. D. Regan of Phoenix Corporation, Mclean, Virginia, who unfortunately could not himself attend the Canberra meeting because of a schedule conflict. Accordingly he asked P. J. Hood of the Geological Survey of Canada, Ottawa, to chair the session for him. The objective of the session was to examine the correlation between potential field anomalies, and to this end papers which dealt with the theoretical and/or practical aspects of the correlation of local, regional, and planetary gravity and magnetic field anomalies were invited.

Six papers were presented during the half‐day session held on the morning of December 14, 1979. The first paper presented was a theoretical one by M. H. A. Hassan and I. A. Eltayeb. They were motivated by the suggestion that the high degree of correlation between the gravitational and magnetic potentials of the earth (such correlation being discovered by Hide and Malin via the use of harmonic analysis) may be due to the presence of small topographical irregularities on the core‐mantle interface. Accordingly, they investigated the motion of an incompressible fluid that flowed over a corrugated solid surface in the presence of a uniform poloidal magnetic field and a toroidal magnetic field which increased from zero in the solid to large values deep into the fluid. The system was rotated uniformly, and they found that the motions set up by the topography traveled deep into the fluid. The gravitational disturbances that were produced by the discontinuity in density at the fluid‐solid interface correlated with the magnetic perturbations (caused by the motion of the fluid) far into the solid. The highest degree of correlation was shown to be approximately +0.79, and this corresponded to a situation in which the magnetic potential was displaced both longitudinally and latitudinally relative to the gravitational one.
Geophysical events
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Mount St. Helens Volcano; Cascade Range, Southern Washington, U.S.A. (46.20°N, 122.18°W). All times are local (GMT − 7 h). The devastating eruption of May 18 was followed by smaller but significant explosions on May 25, June 12, July 22, and August 7 [see SEAN Bulletin, 5(5–8)]. A lava dome that was extruded into the summit crater after the June 12 eruption was destroyed by explosions on July 22. A second summit crater dome grew for a few days after the August 7 explosions. A small explosion blasted a crater through the west side of this dome on August 15, but otherwise it remained intact.
Volcanic ash effects on water quality
Authors: Shore Barbara T.
Published: October 2011

No major detectable changes in overall water quality can be attributed to the March through June eruptions of Mount St. Helens, a U.S. Geological Survey report suggests. The report is based on analyses of water samples collected from the Bull Run watershed which supplies metropolitan Portland. Better results were obtained for groundwater quality than for precipitation.

To determine whether ashfall changed groundwater, hydrologists in Oregon's water resources program analyzed 25 water samples collected at different times from three streams in the watershed. Temperature, pH, specific hardness, and concentration of dissolved salts and minerals were measured. ‘Our findings show no significant changes in water quality as a result of ashfall,’ says S.F. Kapustka, program district chief.
Shipwreck “seen” by sonar
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Wreckage of the rescue ship H. M. S. Breadalbane is outlined in this side‐scan sonar ‘picture.’ The ship was sunk in 1853 during a mission to rescue Sir John Franklin's expedition in search of the Northwest Passage. The Breadalbane was sunk by ice in the Arctic near Resolute Bay, Canada. Note that the ship is sitting upright with two of its three masts still in place.
More thorium reserves
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

An additional 30,100 tons of thorium reserves and 23,200 more tons of probable resources of. the radioactive element thorium occur in the United States, according to a new U.S. Geological Survey report. The report updates last year's initial and partial resource assessment.

The USGS and the Bureau of Mines estimated last year that the principal known deposits contain 693,000 tons of thorium and that an additional 2.2 million tons occur in disseminated deposits. With the new report's findings, the total of thorium reserves equals at least 2.94 million tons.
Antarctic Fellowship
Authors: Bell Peter M.
Published: October 2011

Applications are being accepted for an Antarctic fellowship program that will enable a humanities scholar to study the continent for up to 1 year. The National Endowment for the Humanities, in cooperation with the National Science Foundation's Antarctic Research Program, will select a fellow in March 1981. The fellowship will be awarded for a continuous period of either 3, 6, or 12 months of full‐time study and research. Maximum stipend is $5500 for 3 months, $11,000 for 6 months, and $22,000 for a full year. The fellow is expected to spend 1 to 3 months in the Antarctic, between October 1981 and March 1982.
1980 Midwest Meeting
Authors: McGinnis L. D.
Published: October 2011

The sixth annual Midwest AGU Meeting was held at Holmes Center, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, on September 18 and 19,1980. Over 200 registrants presented 95 papers in 12 sessions: Isotope Studies of Hydrologic Processes, chaired by E. C. Perry, Jr., and C. W. Montgomery, Northern Illinois University; Petrology and Geochemistry, chaired by J. Berg, Northern Illinois University; Late Precambrian Magmatism, chaired by J . Berg and M. G. Mudrey, Jr., Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey; Midwest Coal Hydrology, D. E. Lindorff, Illinois State Geological Survey, and T. Naymik, Illinois State Water Survey; Hydrology, D. E. Lindorff; General Geophysics, C. P. Ervin, Northern Illinois University; Tectonics of the Transantarctic Mountains, P. N. Webb, Northern Illinois University; Northern Illinois Deep Drill Hole, B. Haimson, University of Wisconsin, and W. J. Hinze, Purdue University; Rift Tectonics in the Mississippi Embayment, T. C. Buschbach, Saint Louis University; Geology and Tectonics of the Pre‐Mt. Simon Clastics in the Midcontinent, W. J. Hinze and E. G. Lidiak, University of Pittsburgh; Paleozoic Paleomagnetism of the Midcontinent, V. A. Schmidt, University of Pittsburgh; Midcontinent Seismology, O. W. Nuttli, Saint Louis University.

The general session was opened with a welcoming address by James D. Norris, dean of the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences. Jack Simon, chief of the Illinois State Geological Survey, described the role of the Survey during its first 75 years and went on to discuss its future responsibilities in an after dinner speech on Thursday evening.
Saturn amazes, puzzles, pleases
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Voyager 1 gave scientists spectacular views of Saturn and its satellites, but it also gave scientists good reason to reshape or scrap previously accepted theories. These include theories of orbit resonance, ring structure, and the evolution of planetary bodies and their atmospheres. Views of Saturn itself paled by comparison with the surprises provided by the complex ring system and Titan's nitrogen‐rich atmosphere.

Although data analysis will continue for several years, the Voyager team will be present at the AGU Fall Meeting to discuss more detailed summaries of the Voyager experiments (Eos, Nov. 25) than the preliminary results reported here.
NCAR summer minority employment
Authors: Shore Barbara T.
Published: October 2011

A limited number of summer employment positions are available to college students who have not had extensive exposure to atmospheric science laboratory work. The program, sponsored by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), is open to all students who will have completed sophomore year by the 1981 summer, but it is intended primarily to aid minorities.

Accepted applicants will be assigned to a research project that focuses on topics that include atmospheric dynamics, climate, oceanography, acid precipitation, numerical weather prediction, atmosphere physics, and solar and space physics. Students will receive a monthly salary of $750, a housing allowance, and round‐trip air fare to NCAR in Boulder, Colorado.
Mapping the Venusian surface
Authors: Shore Barbara T.
Published: October 2011

President Carter has agreed to include in the fiscal 1982 budget a request for start‐up funds for NASA's 1986 mission to map the surface of Venus, according to the Office of Management and Budget. The Venus Orbiting Imaging Radar (Voir) is expected to disclose the presence of such features as continents, ocean basins, mountain belts, rift valleys, fault belts, or volcanos on the planet's surface. Plate tectonic activity may also be revealed.

Robert A. Frosch, NASA Administrator, said the Office of Management and Budget assured him that the necessary funding will be requested by the President in the fiscal 1982 budget.
Grants for women
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Financial aid is available to women who are pursuing doctoral degrees in science and engineering. Two fellowships and four grants are offered annually by the Bell Labs' Graduate Research Program for Women. Each fellowship covers full tuition, books, and fees and offers a monthly stipend of $600. Each of the four grants provides $1500 annually. Applications, due January 15, 1981, should be filed during the candidate's senior year in college. Supporting material—transcripts, letters of recommendation, and Graduate Record Exam scores—is due January 31.
Geophysicists
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Jean‐Claude de Bremaecker, geophysics professor at Rice University, will be a visiting professor at the University of Paris (Paris IV) until July 1, 1981. He will work on geodynamic modeling.
NASA picks Hughes for Galileo contract
Authors: Bell Peter M.
Published: October 2011

NASA has selected the Space and Communications Group of Hughes Aircraft Co. for work on an estimated $40 million contract for the Galileo probe carrier spacecraft. The work will be performed at Hughes' facilities in El Segundo, California.

The carrier will transport the Galileo probe to Jupiter, where the probe will separate and enter Jupiter's atmosphere. It will measure the atmosphere for an hour down to a level where atmospheric pressure is 10 times Earth's surface pressure.
Science and engineering quality and quantity in 1990
Authors: Bell Peter M.
Published: October 2011

Recently, there has been a major source of concern for the science and engineering community, and, by analogy, for the nation's technical base, in the findings of the joint Department of Education‐National Science Foundation Report to the President: ‘Science and Engineering Education in the 1980's and Beyond.’ The study was initiated by Frank Press because of several disturbing reports that raised alarm about shortages in the technical field and about the decline in science and mathematics training of students today. The concern is thus twofold: graduate engineers, in particular, and other personnel with a high level of technical training, will be in short supply in the next decades, and there will be an inadequate supply of university professors, again particularly at the Ph.D. level in engineering and computer sciences, even if there were a supply of students. The report has a serious shortcoming in that it is a collection of previously published reports, many of which are out‐of‐date. The employment market for chemists, physicists, and earth scientists is changing rapidly. Employment within the petroleum industry research and development and exploration fields is now unique. The table shows supply/demand balances from the report (after Chemical & Engineering News, Nov. 10, 1980).
Increased CO2 levels
Authors: Shore Barbara T.
Published: October 2011

Developing countries will play an increasing role in determining the future of atmospheric carbon dioxide, but the Soviet Union, the United States, and the People's Republic of China are mainly responsible for C02 increases. That's the latest word on atmospheric carbon dioxide as presented at one of three Union sessions at the AGU Fall Meeting in San Francisco, earlier this month.

The session summarized a 1‐year Department of Energy study, conducted by the Aspen Institute for Humanistic Studies and the American Association for the Advancement of Science, that investigated a variety of possible global effects. Although some of the conclusions are similar to those reached several years ago, namely, that by the year 2050, C02 levels will approach 600 parts per million, or double that of the late 1980s, this Union session was the most comprehensive and detailed presentation of the problem, according to William W. Kellogg of the Aspen Institute and the National Center for Atmospheric Research. The session included discussions of the possible consequences of such an increase, of the research needs of the problem, and of the uncertainties that cloud scientific measurement.
AAUP reports less than inflationary raises
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The salaries of university faculty in the U.S. (including arts, sciences, and graduate faculties) have increased, in most instances, by less than the annual inflation rate. In the recently issued ‘Supplementary Tables to the Annual Report on the Economic Status of the Profession’ by the American Association of University Professors, salaries and compensation for faculty members increased last year by about 7.5%. The average salary for AAUP member institutions for the academic year 1979–80 was $25,000. This salary is an increase of only about 30% over the past 10 years.
9th Caribbean Geological Conference
Authors: Draper Gren
Published: October 2011

The ninth in a series of Caribbean Geological Conferences, which are held every 3 or 4 years, took place in Santo Domingo, capital of the Dominican Republic, from the 15th to 26th of August 1980. The conference, which was sponsored by the government of the Dominican Republic and the Universidad Catolica Madre y Maestra, was preceded by 2 days of field trips and was opened by President Antonio Guzman on the evening of the 17th of August. Generous support was provided by Alcoa Exploration Co., Falconbridge Dominicana, and Rosario Dominicana.

Geologists and geophysicists from 25 countries presented about 130 papers on a wide variety of topics ranging from geophysics to paleontology. While the whole Caribbean area was discussed, there was special emphasis on the northern Caribbean and Hispaniola, as befitted the site of the conference. The contribution of workers from the Dirección General de Mineriá was particularly notable.
Circulation in the Coastal Ocean, Part 1
Authors: Csanady G. T.
Published: October 2011

Although the typical depth of oceanic basins is 5 km, a significant fraction of the earth's surface is covered by a much shallower sheet of water (only about 100 m in depth). In addition to many small lakes and lagoons, this includes extensive areas, with horizontal dimensions of 100 km and more, such as the Great Lakes, continental shelves, or large gulfs such as the Gulf of Maine or the North Sea. These relatively large bodies of water behave dynamically in an ‘oceanic’ manner, in the sense that motions in them are strongly affected by the earth's rotation. They will be taken to constitute the ‘coastal ocean,’ a term that covers enclosed and semienclosed basins, as well as open seas such as the broad and flat continental shelves of the ‘Atlantic’ type or the narrow and steep shelves of the ‘Pacific’ type.
The Love Canal: Beyond science?
Authors: Bell Peter M.
Published: October 2011

When in 1978, the New York State Department of Health issued the report, ‘Love Canal—Public Health Time Bomb,’ the serious effects of chemical waste contamination in the Love Canal area became an issue of national concern. A few ‘studies’ since then have produced results in concert with those of initial reports that described ‘conditions of acute health effects’ as being linked to hazardous wastes incorporated in landfill in the Love Canal site near Niagara Falls, New York. Now that a ‘blue ribbon’ panel of experts from the medical sciences has reviewed the problems of Love Canal, however, a different view has emerged. The ‘Report of the Governors' Panel to Review Scientific Studies and the Development of Public Policy on Problems Resulting from Hazardous Wastes,’ transmitted in October of this year, identifies the following factors about the health effects at Love Canal:
New marine studies center
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Temple University has established a Center for Marine Studies with faculty members from four of its colleges. The center will offer courses leading to a certificate in marine studies.

Studies will focus on urbanization's impact on the marine environment and will focus on management and economics of waterfront utilization. In addition, faculty members will be constructing an artificial reef off Absecon Inlet to determine if increasing protective environments will permit increased sport fishing.
Federal Coal Directory
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

A new catalog that provides the addresses and the telephone numbers of more than 400 national and local coal‐related offices of the U.S. Geological Survey, Office of Surface Mining, and the Bureau of Land Management is available from the USGS.

The 41‐page publication, a cooperative effort of the three Department of the Interior agencies, contains a statement of each of the bureaus' functions and activities and a listing by state of selected headquarters offices and field offices.
Atmospheric sciences assistantships
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Research assistantships for graduate students in the atmospheric sciences are available from the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). Research topics should cover atmospheric dynamics, climatology, cloud physics, atmospheric chemistry and radiation, upper atmosphere physics, solar and space physics, oceanography, or environmental and societal impact assessment. Appointments are half‐time and offer salaries of $8085 for students who have passed comprehensive examinations and $7520 for those who have not. Maximum tenure for Ph.D. candidates is usually two years, but M.S. candidates are usually restricted to 1 year. In unusual cases, an additional year may be possible.
Geophysical events
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Mount St. Helens Volcano, Cascade Range, southern Washington, U.S.A. (46.20°N, 122.18°W). All times are local (GMT‐8 h). After the explosions of October 16–18 and the brief period of lava dome growth that followed, activity at Mount St. Helens was limited to vapor emission and occasional seismic activity through early December.

Most early November seismic events were caused by rock slides from the crater walls. No significant local earthquakes or harmonic tremor were recorded until mid‐November, when brief episodes of harmonic tremor began, barely within the detection limits of sensitive seismographs on and near the volcano. Intermittent low‐level tremor continued through early December. Stronger tremor started on November 25 at 2054, gradually fading into background noise about 35 min later. Observers in a U.S. Forest Service aircraft reported a slightly brighter glow in the dome area after this event. A second burst of stronger tremor began November 27 at 2034, continuing for about an hour, and several more such episodes, lasting only a few minutes each, were detected through November 30.
The Jovian magnetosphere: A post‐Voyager view
Authors: Hill Thomas W.
Published: October 2011

At the Rice University Conference on the Physics of the Jovian Magnetosphere, interactive discussion among in situ observers, remote observers, and theorists was encouraged by means of an informal workshop format. This format was successful in promoting a useful degree of open discussion, but because of the informality of the conference format, neither an abstract book nor a conference proceedings is available for general distribution. In an attempt to bridge this information gap, I describe here several of the important results presented at the conference and attempt to characterize the emerging post‐Voyager status of understanding of Jovian magnetospheric physics. A brief bibliography is provided for the reader who desires more detail. Included are pre‐Voyager reviews and reference to many of the Voyager results.
RACOONs amass wind data
Authors: Richman Barbara T.
Published: October 2011

Balloons, not furry little animals, are being developed to provide new, inexpensive methods for gathering weather data in the tropics.

RACOON—short for radiation‐controlled balloon—is a zero‐pressure balloon which will be used to provide stratospheric wind data for equatorial regions, according to the National Center for Atmospheric Research. These data are unavailable from satellites. Currently, the global rocket network gathers tropical wind measurements for weather forecasting; however, the network is being phased out.
Antarctica: As seismic as other plates
Authors: Richman Barbara T.
Published: October 2011

Antarctica shakes, rattles, and rolls just as much as other slow‐moving plates. Emile Okal, a Yale University seismologist, told colleagues at the AGU Fall Meeting that although the Antarctic plate is not moving across the earth as fast as other continents, it has a seismicity similar to other plates. His findings refute the claim that a ring of spreading ridges that surrounds the plate leaves Antarctica stress free.

The small number of reports of plate seismicity, Okal explained, has been used to argue that the ridges that surround the plate are unable to transmit tectonic stresses and would make the Antarctic plate motionless and free of seismic stress. However, when Okal added up the total seismic energy released during the last 55 years, he found it similar to that of the African plate, which is comparable in size.
Mutch memorial plaque unveiled
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

A plaque commemorating Thomas A. Mutch, former associate administrator of NASA's Office of Space Science, was unveiled in a ceremony at the National Air and Space Museum earlier this month. Mutch was lost while mountain climbing in the Himalayas in October (Eos, October 28, p. 693). The plaque will be affixed to the Viking 1 lander, renamed the Mutch Memorial Station, during a future Mars mission.

A follow‐up Mars mission has been suggested for the 1990's, and although no funding is available now, there is talk, NASA says, of sending a roving spacecraft to Mars that would affix the plaque, scoop up some Martian terrain, and bring the sample back to earth. Until the plaque can be transported to Mars, it will remain at NASA headquarters in Washington, D.C.
Science education research program
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

A deadline for receipt of research proposals on science literacy and science, technology, and society has been set by the National Science Foundation's Research in Science and Education (RISE) program. March 9 is the target date set by NSF to insure that proposals are considered for the RISE fiscal 1981 budget, which is expected to total $6 million.

RISE'S purpose is to examine the science literacy of the U.S. public and to determine the publics needs. Although schools have been responsible for teaching science, only 50% of the American public receive formal science instruction after 15 years of age, according to NSF. Those who do not receive formal training must rely on a combination of electronic and print media, museums, and public agencies for science information.
Fun run results
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Here are the results of the Geophysical Fun Run, held December 9 in San Francisco during the Fall Meeting. The tectonophysics section had the most participants, followed closely by seismology. Art Boettcher (VGP) placed first. The course was 4.3 miles, from the Marina, along the San Francisco Bay, to Ft. Point. Brian Bonner and Bill Brace officiated, and Eileen Schaffer helped with the organization.
Seabeam echo sounder
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

A Seabeam echo‐sounder system, which produces a real‐time contour map of the ocean floor from a moving ship, will be installed in the research vessel Thomas Washington during the fall of 1981. This will be the first such system installed in an American academic oceanographic ship. Acquisition and installation of the equipment was jointly supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) and by the Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) with a grant from the Fleischman Foundation.

Use of the system is open to any investigator from any institution. A national scheduling advisory committee, appointed by ONR and SIO, held its first meeting at San Francisco, December 10, to establish the general areas of operation for the first 18 months of use. During this period the ship will work in the eastern north and equatorial Pacific, and the western North Atlantic, roughly between 15° S to 45° N, 30° W to 165° W. Proposals for work within this area should be sent to appropriate funding agencies (NSF, ONR, NOAA, DOE, et al.).
Data Systems Users Working Group
Authors: Greenstadt E. W.
Published: October 2011

A Data Systems Users Working Group (DSUWG) has been formed, at the request of NASA's Office of Space Science (OSS), by members of the space science community concerned with improving the yield, significance, and pace of scientific output from the massive, and growing, data base generated by spacecraft observations. The first meeting of the DSUWG was convened at Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) on September 11 and 12, 1980, by cochairmen James L. Green (MSFC) and Eugene W. Greenstadt (TRW). Most of the attendees of the first meeting were investigators long occupied with handling large data sets or coordinating measurements of separate but related space plasma variables. This particularly included members of the Atmosphere Explorer (AE) team.
Johns Hopkins site of Space Institute
Authors: Bell Peter M.
Published: October 2011

The Space Telescope Science Institute (STSI) will be located on the Homewood Campus of the Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. The institute will perform critical mission science activity for the forthcoming space telescope mission. The 13.1‐m spacecraft is to be placed into a 600‐k‐high orbit by the space shuttle, and it will perform scientific investigations for at least 15 years.

The Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA), a consortium of 14 universities, has been selected for final negotiation of a contract to establish, operate, and maintain STSI for the space telescope scheduled for launch in early 1985 on the space shuttle. The contractor's estimated cost for the initial 5‐year contract is approximately $24 million. Additional funding will be required in support of a guest observer and archival research program, as it develops. The contract will contain options for three additional 5‐year extensions.
Geophysical events
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Mount St. Helens Volcano, Cascade Range, Southern Washington, USA (46.20°N, 122.18°W). All times are local (GMT‐8 h). Renewed dome growth took place at Mt. St. Helens in late December, without the large explosions that immediately preceded previous dome‐building episodes in June, August, and October.

Activity was limited to minor seismicity and weak vapor emission for about a month after the October 16–18 explosions and dome extrusion. Frequent periods of very low level harmonic tremor, lasting a few minutes to several hours, began to appear on seismic records November 19. Bursts of higher‐level tremor, similar to explosion events seen earlier at Mt. St. Helens, could often be correlated with ejections of vapor columns that sometimes contained ash. A few discrete shallow earthquakes were recorded but remained infrequent until late December.
Gift
Authors: Russell C. T. , Whitten Charles A. , Droessler Earl G.
Published: October 2011

Something that has not been mentioned yet in the appeal for gifts to AGU is the possibility of funding a scholarship that would be administered by the AGU. To keep geophysics an alive and vital discipline, we must continue to attract the best young minds to the field. If we established a well endowed fund with sufficient resources to more than adequately fund a graduate student through 2 or possibly 3 years of graduate work, the attendant publicity and nationwide attention could do much to attract these good young minds to our field.

In your talks with potential donors I urge you to keep the possibility of scholarship endowments in mind.
Geophysicists
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Geophysicists

Bernice Ackerman has been appointed head of the new meteorology section of the Illinois State Water Survey. She has been a professional scientist and a project leader at the Water Survey since 1972.

John R. Filson has been appointed chief of the Office of Earthquake Studies at the U.S. Geological Survey National Center in Reston, Virginia. He succeeds Robert L Wesson.

Paul S. Julienne, a staff member of the Department of Commerce's National Bureau of Standards, received a bronze medal at the Eighth Annual NBS Awards Ceremony. The medal was awarded for his contributions to the development of theoretical descriptions of atomic collisions in intense electromagnetic fields.
Mountain research
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The newly incorporated International Mountain Society (IMS) will in May begin publication of an interdisciplinary scientific journal, Mountain Research and Development. The quarterly will be copublished with the United National University; additional support will come from UNESCO.

A primary objective of IMS is to ‘help solve mountain land‐use problems by developing a foundation of scientific and technical knowledge on which to base management decisions,’ according to Jack D. Ives, president of the Boulder‐based organization. ‘The Society is strongly committed to the belief that a rational worldwide approach to mountain problems must involve a wide range of disciplines in the natural and human sciences, medicine, architecture, engineering, and technology.’
A geologist on Capitol Hill
Authors: Hodges Carroll Ann
Published: October 2011

As the unpredicted and unpredictable 97th Congress convenes, I would like to report on my experience thus far as the 1980–1981 American Geophysical Union Congressional Science Fellow. The past 4 months have been exhilarating, and, as one who has never had the slightest contact with political science, I have found this opportunity for a glimpse of the Washington ‘corridors of power’ an incredible education. I spent the last 10 years in planetary geology with the U.S. Geological Survey. Before that I worked for both oil and mining companies and taught in a couple of universities. Having also been active in community affairs, I was intrigued by the opportunity to see firsthand how congressional policies dealing with energy, environment, minerals, and land use are developed. Breadth of interest is an asset in approaching this sort of experience.
Source of digital terrain data
Authors: Kane Martin F.
Published: October 2011

The digital terrain map of the United States published on the cover of Eos, v. 62, no. 1, January 6, 1981, has elicited a number of enquiries about enlarged copies and the data source. The terrain data are available from: U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA/EDIS/NGSDC (D62), 325 Broadway Boulder, CO 80303
Reagan's budget slashes geophysics R&D
Authors: Richman Barbara T.
Published: October 2011

When President Ronald Reagan outlined to a joint session of Congress his proposed revisions to the Carter fiscal 1982 budget (Eos, February 10, p. 49), Congress responded with 13 bursts of applause and one standing ovation. Geophysicists, however, may not greet the budget pruning with equal fanfare. Reagan's across‐the‐board cuts include proposals for slashing research and development funds. Among those hardest hit are NASA, NOAA, and NSF.
The petroleum exponential (again)
Authors: Bell Peter M.
Published: October 2011

The U.S. production and reserves of liquid and gaseous petroleum have declined since 1960, at least in the lower 48 states. This decline stems from decreased discovery rates, as predicted by M. King Hubbert in the mid‐1950's. Hubbert's once unpopular views were based on statistical analysis of the production history of the petroleum industry, and now, even with inclusion of the statistical perturbation caused by the Prudhoe Bay‐North Alaskan Slope discovery (the largest oil field ever found in the United States), it seems clear again that production is following the exponential curve to depletion of the resource—to the end of the ultimate yield of petroleum from wells in the United States.

In a recent report, C. Hall and C. Cleveland of Cornell University show that large atypical discoveries, such as the Prudhoe Bay find, are but minor influences on what now appears to be the crucial intersection of two exponentials [Science, 211, 576–579, 1981]: the production‐per‐drilled‐foot curve of Hubbert, which crosses zero production no later than the year 2005; the other, a curve that plots the energy cost of drilling and extraction with time; that is, the cost‐time rate of how much oil is used to drill and extract oil from the ground. The intersection, if no other discoveries the size of the Prudhoe Bay field are made, could be as early as 1990, the end of the present decade. The inclusion of each Prudhoe‐Bay‐size find extends the year of intersection by only about 6 years. Beyond that point, more than one barrel of petroleum would be expended for each barrel extracted from the ground. The oil exploration‐extraction and refining industry is currently the second most energy‐intensive industry in the U.S., and the message seems clear. Either more efficient drilling and production techniques are discovered, or domestic production will cease well before the end of this century if the Hubbert analysis modified by Hall and Cleveland is correct.
Seismic reflection data available
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

High‐resolution seismic reflection data are now available for the area offshore the southeast Georgia embayment associated with Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) lease sale 56.

Approximately 6400 km of high‐resolution data were gathered from 286 tracts that covered 1,625,251 million acres in water depths from 14 m to 2025 m. These data were gathered to help evaluate the geological hazards related to oil and gas development in the area.
Science policy fellowships
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

To encourage scientists to contribute to public policy issues that involve the natural sciences, the Brookings Institution in Washington, D.C., has established a Science Policy Fellowship program, slated to begin with the 1981–1982 academic year. The program will bring senior scientists to Washington for 1 year to work with the Brookings staff on science policy issues.

Fellowships will be awarded annually to three scientists from among candidates nominated by an advisory committee, by departments of natural science at universities and private research institutions, and by the public sector. The new program is supported by a 3‐year grant from the Sloan Foundation.
North Carolina state revamps geosciences
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

North Carolina State University's Department of Marine Sciences and Engineering and the Department of Geosciences have been combined to form the Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, according to university chancellor Joab L. Thomas. The new department is headed by Jay Langfelder, former head of the marine sciences and engineering department.

Langfelder said that the new department will be able to provide a stronger program for students. The marine science and engineering department has traditionally been graduate and research oriented, while undergraduate studies were emphasized in the other department, he said. ‘The combination should help both programs.’
Wetlands may clean geothermal water
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Development of geothermal resources may help to ease energy problems, but water quality problems could result from the disposal of spent geothermal brines. Research by EG&G Idaho shows that man‐made wetlands may provide a more economic disposal system than do conventional treatment and disposal methods.

Most geothermal water contains high concentrations of dissolved solids and trace elements, including fluoride and boron, which can be harmful to water quality and organisms. Because of these high concentrations, only a limited number of methods can be used to dispose of used geothermal water. These include injection wells, evaporation ponds, and disposal into surface waterways.