bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Bispectrum Dimensionality Reduction Method in Ultrasonic Echo Signal Processing
Authors: Tang Jian , Yu Wenxiu , Zhao Guoxin , Jiao Xiangdong , Ding Xuepeng ,   School of Information Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology No.19 Qingyuan North Road, Daxing District, Beijing 102617, China,   School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology No.19 Qingyuan North Road, Daxing District, Beijing 102617, China,   MCC Testing Certification Co., Ltd. 33 Xitucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100088, China
Published: November 2022

Processing ultrasonic echo signals to obtain high-precision residual thickness information of the pipeline wall is the key to nondestructive testing of corrosion of a long-distance pipeline. The traditional power spectrum estimation method assumes that an analyzed echo signal is Gaussian, and the useful information is insufficiently extracted, which leads to errors in the processing results. In this paper, to solve this problem, the bispectrum, which requires the least amount of computation in higher-order spectral estimation, is proposed to process an echo signal with a non-minimum phase and non-Gaussian characteristics. The bispectrum is projected onto a one-dimensional frequency space using the dimensionality reduction method, and one-dimensional diagonal slices of the bispectrum are extracted to analyze the characteristics of the echo signal, which significantly improves the intuitiveness of data processing. The experimental results show that the bispectrum dimensionality reduction method has high accuracy in processing ultrasonic echo signals, and the relative error of the residua wall thickness is below 2%. A C-scan image displaying the shape, size, depth, and other characteristics of pipeline corrosion obtained by the proposed method is much better than that using the traditional power spectrum estimation method. Therefore, the proposed method is suitable for nondestructive testing of corrosion of long-distance pipelines.
Mainstreaming Moderation in Preventing/Countering Violent Extremism (P/CVE) in Pesantrens in Central Java
Authors: Wildan Muhammad , Muttaqin Ahmad
Published: November 2022

As religious-violent extremism (RVE) is snowballing, government, authorities, and also Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) are trying to seek various approaches from soft to hard measures to eradicate and decrease religious-violent extremism at many levels of society. CISForm, as a study center at UIN Sunan Kalijaga, has quite long been active in preventing/countering violent extremism (P/CVE) through its delicate methods, i.e., mainstreaming moderation in some pesantrens in Yogyakarta and Surakarta, Indonesia. This paper will display the methods, strategies, and responses of the programs that have been carried out by the university-based research center. Due to the problematic terms or concepts of radicalization and deradicalization, the whole program of CISForm on CVE is termed as mainstreaming moderation instead of deradicalization. This research found that some conservative pesantrens, as dormant entities, should be approached properly through soft measures since hard measures could neither touch nor address the roots of radicalism appropriately. The indirect and soft approaches initiated by CISForm could re-mainstream pesantrens to moderate Islam (wasathiyah).
Physiological and Hormonal Effects of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Thyroid and Kidney Functions
Authors: Luaibi Noori Mohammed , Mohammed Raghda Ali
Published: November 2022

تُستخدم الجسيمات النانوية لثاني أكسيد التيتانيوم (TiO2 NPs) بشكل عام في أنواع مختلفة من التطبيقات مثل صناعة البلاستيك، وصناعة الورق، والدهانات، ومعجون الأسنان، ومستحضرات التجميل، واقيات الشمس، وفي أنماط الحياة المختلفة، بسبب النطاق الواسع من التطبيقات وتعرضنا اليومي لهذه الجسيمات النانوية ونقص المعلومات عن صحة الحيوان والأنسان ، صُممت هذه الدراسة للكشف عن الآثار التي تعتمد على الجرعة والوقت من TiO2-NPs على وظائف الغدة الدرقية والكلى في ذكور الجرذان.
لهذا الغرض تم استخدام   54 ذكر من الجرذان البيض وتم تصنيفها الى ثلاثة مجاميع رئيسية  ( 3,2,1) كل مجموعه تتضمن 18 جرذ عوملت بثلاث  فترات زمنية مختلفة  (1 ,2 ,4)  أسابيع  على التوالي. وتم تقسيم هذه المجاميع الى ثلاث مجاميع فرعية كل منها تتضمن ست  حيوانات تمت معاملتها على النحو التالي : (1) سيطرة , المجموعة (2 ,3) حقنت بالتجويف البروتوني بجرعات متزايدة من دقائق التيتانيوم النانوية (50 ,200) ملغ  /  كغم على التوالي.  , في نهاية  التجربة  شرحت الجرذان وتم حساب وزن الغدة ووزن الكلى اليمنى واليسرى . النتائج اظهرت انخفاض معنوي عالي (p≤ 0.01) في وزن الغدة الدرقية وارتفاع معنوي عالي (p≤ 0.01) في وزن الكلى وفي مستوى هرمون TSH ويوريا الدم والكرياتين   ومعدل البروتين الكلي , بينما انخفاض معنوي عالي في مستويات هرمون  T3  و  T4  المعاملة بجرعات مختلفة من 50- 200  ملغم / كغم TiO2في جميع الفترات الزمنية (1،2،4)  اسابيع . توضح نتائج الدراسة الحالية انخفاضًا كبيرًا في مستوى مصل T4 و T3 مع التعرض لـ TiO2 NPS الذي يعطل وظيفة الغدة الدرقية ، بينما يرفع TiO2 NPS مستوى اليوريا والبروتين الكلي والكرياتينين. يمكن أن يكون هذا مرتبطًا بالجرعة العالية من TiO2-NPs ومدة الدراسة ، مما تسبب في تنكس ونخر خلايا الكلى وتلف في الحويصلات مما أدى إلى منع الإفراز الذي رفع مستويات اليوريا في الدم ، كما أدى إلى مستويات عالية من الكرياتينين والبروتين الكلي في المصل بسبب الخلل الذي حدث في وظائف الكلى.
Synthesis and Characterization of Some New Pyridine and Pyrimidine Derivatives and Studying Their Biological Activities
Authors: Al-Hussein Israa R. A. , Al-Shuhaib Zainab A. M.
Published: November 2022

تعتبر الأنظمة الحلقية غير المتجانسة ضرورية في الكيمياء الطبية بسبب نشاطها الواعد السام للخلايا، واحدة من أهم عائلات الجزيئات العضوية الموجودة في الطبيعة أو المحضرة في المختبر. نتيجة لذلك، تم مفاعلة المركب 3 N-(4-nitrophenyl)-3-oxobutanamide مع  الثيويوريا و اندول-3-كاربوكسالديهيد و piperonal على التوالي لتحضير بعض مشتقات البيريميدين 5a و 5b. كذلك حضر المركب 9 من تفاعل ثايوفين-2-كاربوكسالديهيد مع اثيل سيانواسيتيت واليوريا بوجود كاربونات البوتاسيوم كعامل مساعد. وحضرت مركبات الجالكونات 11a و11b  من تفاعل كميات مولية متساوية من كل من 1-نفثالديهيد و كوينولين-2-كاربوكسالديهيد على التوالي من كل من 4-برومواسيتوفينون و 4-فلورواسيتوفينون على التوالي . وحضر مركب البيرميدين 13من تفاعل مركب الجالكون 11a مع كواندين هيدروكلوريد 12 بوجود هيدروكسيد البوتاسيوم. كما حضرت مشتقات البريدين 14 و16 من تفاعل مركب الجالكون 11b مع اثيل سيانواسيتيت وخلات الامونيوم في حامض الخليك الثلجي، حضر بهذه الطريقة المركب .14 كذلك تم مفاعلة 4-مثيل بنزالديهيد مع 4-فلورواسيتوفينون واثيل سيانواسيتيت وخلات الامونيوم في ن-بيوتانول لتحضير المركب 16. شخصت جميع المشتقات المحضرة باستعمال التقنيات الطيفية (FT-IR و 1H-NMR و 13C-NMR)، فضلا عن أطياف الماس EI-MS)) للتحقق من الصيغ التركيبية للمشتقات المحضرة. كما فحصت فعالية المشتقات المحضرة المضادة للسرطان ضد نوعين من السلالات المختلفة من الخلايا السرطانية البشرية، MCF-7 (خلايا سرطان الثدي) وHepG2 (خلايا سرطان الكبد). فقد أظهر المركبين 5a و14 أنشطة سامة للخلايا ضد خلايا HepG2 بقيم IC50 تبلغ 43.84 و57.14 ميكروغرام / مل على التوالي. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، فقد أظهر مركب البريدين 14 نشاطًا سامًا للخلايا ضد خلايا MCF-7 بقيمة IC50 تبلغ 50.84 ميكروغرام/ مل. كما درست الخصائص المضادة للبكتيريا الموجبة والسالبة لصبغة كرام والطفيليات (E. granulosus protoscoleces) للمشتقات المحضرة.
Green synthesis of nano binary oxide SiO2/V2O5 NPs integrated ointment cream application on wound dressings and skin cancer cells
Authors: Ali Marwa , Drea Abbas A-Ali
Published: November 2022

اشتملت الدراسة الحالية على تحضير المزدوج النانو SiO2/V2O5  باستخدام مواد طبيعية خام كمادة أولية حيث استخدمت رماد قشور الارز بعد حرقها بدرجة  °C700  سيليزية  للتخلص من المواد العضوية واللاعضوية في القشور حيث كانت هي  المادة الخام لاستخلاص السليكا جل والتي تم مزجها مع أوكسيد الفناديوم الخماسي وتم تشخيص المزدوج النانو SiO2/V2O5  المحضر باستخدام عدة تقنيات مثل  الأشعة السينية ,المجهر الالكتروني الماسح عالي الدقة حيث تم حساب معدل الحجم الحبيبي باستخدام صورة المجهر الالكتروني الماسح  للسطح المادة المحضرة عند المقياس 200 نانومتر , مطيافية تشتت الطاقة بالأشعة السينية التي استخدمت لكشف تركيز العناصر  الموجودة في النموذج المحضر SiO2/V2O5 من مادة قشور الارز الخام وتقديرها كميا ونوعيا  وكذلك تم قياس المساحة السطحية للسليكا المستخلص والمزدوج المحضر SiO2/V2O5 والمقارنة بينهما كما موضح في النتائج  كما تضمنت الدراسة البحثية الفعالية البيولوجية للمزدوج SiO2/V2O5 وتأثيرها على تثبيط النمو البكتيري بعد أن تم تطبيق المادة النانوية المحضرة على ضمادات الجروح حيث أعطت نتيجة واعدة لاستخدامها كضمادات موضعية تعمل على إزالة الميكروبات وخاصة لمرضى الحروق والجروح وذلك بسبب فعاليتها العالية لقتل البكتيريا الموجبة  S.aurea عند تركيزµg/mL  625   التي تتميز بمقاومتها للعديد من المضادات الحيوية . تعتبر مقاومة المضادات الحيوية من المشكلات التي يسعى العديد من الباحثين لحل هذه المشكلة من خلال توفير مضادات حيوية أكثر فعالية وأمانًا. اختيار مادة السيليكا المستخلصة من مادة طبيعية لتقليل السمية الناتجة عن استخدام الكيماويات ، حيث تعتبرالسيليكا مادة غير سامة. لذلك ، أثناء التحضير ، تم الحرص على استخدام المواد الكيميائية بتراكيز منخفضة لتقليل السمية. تم دراسة التأثيرات السامة للخلايا في المختبر SiO2 / V2O5)) NPs على خط الخلايا الطبيعية Vero 101 وخط خلايا الجلد A431 وتم فحصهما بتراكيز مختلفة. تم استخدام MTT (3- (4،5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2،5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) لتحديد التأثيرات السامة للخلايا للمساحيق النانوية الخضراء المُصنّعة.
An Integrated Method to Mitigate Hazards from Hydraulic Fracturing–Induced Earthquakes in the Duvernay Shale Play
Authors: Hui Gang , Gu Fei
Published: November 2022

In recent decades, a remarkable increase in induced seismicity in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (WCSB) has been largely attributed to hydraulic fracturing (HF) operations in unconventional plays. However, a mitigation strategy concerning geological, geomechanical, and operational susceptibilities to HF-induced seismicity has not been well understood. This work proposes an integrated method to mitigate potential risks from HF-induced seismicity in the Duvernay play near Crooked Lake. The geological susceptibility to induced seismicity is evaluated first from site-specific formation pressure and a distance to the Precambrian basement. The regional in-situ stress and rock mechanical properties are then assessed to determine the geomechanical susceptibility to induced seismicity. Next, the operational factors are determined by comparing induced seismicity with operational parameters such as total injection fluids and proppant mass. It is found that regions with a low formation pressure (<60 MPa), a great distance from the base Duvernay to the Precambrian basement (>260 m), a low minimum principal stress (<70 MPa), and a low brittleness index (<0.45) tend to be induced-seismicity-quiescent regions. Finally, a multiple linear regression (MLR)-based approach is proposed by considering the relative importance of different parameters. The MLR analysis indicates that brittleness index, formation pressure, and total injection volume are the top three controlling factors. Three new horizontal wells are drilled and the MLR analysis of these wells using the three most important parameters is conducted. High-resolution monitoring results indicated that 95% of the induced events had a local magnitude of less than 2.0 during and after the HF operations (3-month time window and 5-km well-event distance), among which the maximum magnitude reached ML3.05 (<red light magnitude ML4.0). Therefore, the MLR-based approach was successfully validated, suggesting that this approach can be applied to mitigate potential seismicity risks in upcoming wells in the Fox Creek region. Such a workflow can also be applied to other regions to guide seismicity-free fracturing operations in unconventional plays.
Upscaling of Transport Properties in Complex Hydraulic Fracture Systems
Authors: Song Wenhui , Prodanovic Masa , Santos Javier E. , Yao Jun , Zhang Kai , Yang Yongfei
Published: November 2022

Fluid flow in complex fracture systems near wellbore is influenced by heterogeneous fluid pathway structure, proppant distribution, and stress-induced fracture aperture change. The current physical experiments and pore-scale simulations only study the multiphase flow properties of hydraulic fracture (HF) with no proppant while the multiphase flow properties of induced fracture network (IFN) and HF with proppant are not available. It is well known that the simplified “straightline” relative permeability model does not apply to multiphase flow in IFN and HF with proppant. Consequently, there is no upscaled relative permeability model that works. In this study, we develop the physics-driven level set lattice Boltzmann method (LS-LBM)-coupled model to study multiphase flow properties in complex fractures during injected water flowback and propose the upscaled relative permeability models of IFN and HF with proppant. The imaged HF is applied to generate HFs with different aperture and proppant distributions using morphology operation and discrete element method (DEM). The imaged IFN is further applied to generate IFN with different aperture distributions by image dilation. The oil/water interface at different drainage pressures is tracked by LS, and the resultant fluid distributions are applied to calculate each phase’s effective permeability by LBM. We found that the aperture variation coefficient difference leads to various fluid expansion patterns in IFN and HF. The oil/water interface moving pattern exhibits “face expansion” in IFN and HF while the oil/water interface moving pattern resembles “finger expansion” in HF with embedded proppant with notably larger aperture variation coefficient. The upscaled relative permeability model is further established considering channel tortuosity variation and pore structure difference based on LS-LBM simulation results.
Association of TNFα -308G/A and IL10 -1082A/G Polymorphisms with Pulmonary Tuberculosis Susceptibility in a Brazilian population
Authors: Montenegro Lílian Maria Lapa , Carvalho-Silva Wlisses Henrique Veloso , Nascimento André Alves do Nascimento , Peixoto Aline dos Santos , Cruz Heidi Lacerda Alvez , Cardoso Marcus Vinicius , Balbino Valdir de Queiroz , Schindler Haiana Charifker
Published: November 2022

Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. The course of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is regulated by mainly two antagonistic cytokines that are produced and secreted by T cells, TNF-α and IL-10. Differences in TNFα and IL10 genes expression and protein production affected by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been demonstrated influence PTB susceptibility. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate a possible association between the functional polymorphisms of TNFα (-308G/A, rs1800629) and IL10 (-1082A/G, rs1800896) cytokines genes with susceptibility or resistance to active PTB in patients from Pernambuco state. We carried out a case-control study of 71 patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB + group), 105 patients with nonspecific lung disease (TB- 1 and TB- 2 groups) and 101 clinically healthy individuals (healthy control), to explore the association of cytokine polymorphisms, sociodemographic, clinical, and epidemiological variables with developing of PTB. TNFα -308G/A and IL10 -1082A/G genotyping was performed by TaqMan qPCR system. The univariate and logistic regression analyses demonstrated statistically association of male sex (OR = 13.741; 95%CI = 5.794–32.589; P = < 0,001) and age (OR = 1.030; 95%CI = 1.005–1.055; P = 0.017) with PTB susceptibility, as risk factors. Regarding genetic variables, IL10 -1082 G variant allele, AG and GG genotypes were also associated with developing of PTB as risk factors (OR = 2.777, 95%CI = 1.710–4.544, P = < 0.001; OR = 2.289, 95%CI = 1.095–4.849, P = 0.024; and OR = 6.572, 95%CI = 2.262–21.242, P = < 0.001, respectively), and maintained associated in the logistic regression dominant model (OR = 7.998, 95%CI = 2.719–23.519, P = < 0.001). Significant association was also observed between TNFα -308 GA genotype and PTB susceptibility, but as protector factor in univariate analysis (OR = 0.375, 95%CI = 0.179–0.766, P = 0.005), and logistic regression dominant model associated the genotypes carrying A allele variant (OR = 0.386, 95%CI = 0.172–0.865, P = 0.021). The study showed important role of IL10 and TNFα SNPs in developing PTB in a Brazilian population, being possible biomarkers for tuberculosis susceptibility.
Research on Single-phase Groinding Fault Location Based on ESMD-SDEO
Authors: Huang Xiaoping , Lu Qiu , Zhou Hongkai , Wen Fangyi , Huang Wenzhe
Published: November 2022

Aiming at the fault location problem of multi branch cable hybrid lines, this paper studies a fault traveling wave two terminal location method based on ESMD and the Symmetric Differential Energy Operator (SDEO), and puts forward a configuration scheme of traveling wave location device considering economy and actual location needs. Firstly, the post fault transient voltage signal of the traveling wave distance measuring device is collected and transformed into a new phase mode matrix. Then the line mode component is decomposed by ESMD to obtain the first empirical mode M1 component, and the arrival time of the initial traveling wave head is identified by SDEO method. Finally,the method judges the fault area through the distance measurement between the Feeder Terminal Unit(FTU) and the head and end of the trunk line, summarizes the distance from the traveling wave ranging device point in the fault area to the fault point, establishes the fault judgment matrix, determines the branch of the fault point according to the corresponding judgment rules, and then calculates the distance of the fault point and the pole number of the fault.
Casein and its pepsin and trypsin hydrolysates of goat milk reduces temporomandibular joint inflammatory hypernociception in rats: Putative role for TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-10
Authors: Braga Samilla Pontes , Fernandes Maria Ester Frota , Bezerra Mirna Marques , Basílio Sarah Rodrigues , Meneses Ariely Marques Oliveira , Barbosa Paula Perazzo Souza , Gadelha Carlos Alberto Almeida , Gadelha Tatiane Santi , Oliveira Sebastiao Carlos Sousa , Monteiro Dina Andressa Martins , Junior Manoel Vieira Nascimento , Reis Tiago Sampaio , Pinto Vicente de Paulo Teixeira , Pereira Karuza Maria Alves , Lima Ellen de Assis , Silveira Felipe Dantas , Alexandre Joanna Trycia Magalhães , Chaves Hellíada Vasconcelos
Published: November 2022

Temporomandibular Disorders (TMDs) is a group of musculoskeletal and neuromuscular conditions involving the temporomandibular joints (TMJs), the masticatory muscles and all associated tissues. As there are no records on the activity related to proteins derived from goat milk involving inflammation in the TMJs, this study investigated the antinociceptive activity of casein (FCN), obtained by isoelectric precipitation of goat milk at pH 4.1, and its hydrolysates, obtained by hydrolysis with pepsin and trypsin (HDP and HDT, respectively). Pre-treatment with casein (1 mg/kg), HDP (1 mg/kg), or HDT (1 mg/kg) significantly reduced the nociceptive behavioral response (56.8 ± 9.17; 78 ± 8.28; and 86.0 ± 5.91, respectively) significantly reduced the nociceptive behavioral response, when compared to formalin group (177.7 ± 3.96). Although the efficacy of hydrolysates is independent of the HO-1 and NO pathways, their antinociceptive efficacy appear to depend on TNFα, IL-1β and IL-10 involvement. In fact, both HDP and HDT reduced TNF-α and Il-1β immunistaining in synoviocytes from synovial membranes and in trigeminal ganglion. Regarding IL-10, HDP increased IL-10 immunistaining in the synoviocytes from the TMJ synovial membrane and in the intercellular matrix. Also, HDT increased IL-10 immunistaining in both synovial membrane and trigeminal ganglion. Taken together our data suggest that the efficacy of casein fraction and its hydrolysates of goat milk in formalin-induced TMJ inflammatory hypernociception in rats involves, at least in part, TNF-α and IL-1β inhibition, and IL-10 secretion. Thus, considering the safety profile of goat milk, we postulated that CNF, HDP, and HDT, could offer a novel way to treat TMJ pain.
ACTL6A deficiency attenuates UV-induced cellular senescence in human dermal fibroblasts via inducing apoptosis
Authors: xia qingyue , cheng yuxin , Ma Liwen , lu zhiyu , Lu Qian , zeng Ni , wang Zuoxiang , Luo Dan
Published: November 2022

Background
Ultraviolet irradiation (UVR) can induce both cellular senescence and cell apoptosis, which is mainly determined by the DNA damage response. The mechanism that determines the cellular outcome after UVR has not been fully illuminated.
Objective
To investigate the role of ACTL6A in the response of human dermal fibroblasts to UVR.
Methods
Human dermal fibroblasts were used to find the function and mechanism of ACTL6A in photoaging and verified in mice.
Results
ACTL6A expression was significantly increased both in vitro and in vivo after UVR exposure. Interference ACTL6A expression in HDFs inhibited the UVR stress-induced premature senescence, intracellular ROS production and SASP secretion. Meanwhile, knockdown of ACTL6A promotes apoptosis of senescent cells.
Conclusion
ACTL6A exhibited a critical role in resolving the cell fate under UVR and maybe a potential target for the therapy of UV-induced diseases and UV-needed diseases.
Prevalence of inadequate completion of computed tomography request forms submitted to public and private medical imaging centres in Ashanti Region of Ghana: a retrospective audit
Authors: Donkor Andrew , Wiafe Yaw Amo , Adjei Alberta Naa , Semetey Jonathan , Acquah Jude , Asamoah Ama Buamah , Yeboah Philip Amankwah , Agyei Benedict
Published: November 2022

Introduction
: Medical imaging facilities provide an important healthcare service under which physicians can make diagnosis and administer care and treatment to patients. However, computed tomography (CT) scan request forms submitted to medical imaging facilities are usually inadequately completed. The aim of the current study was to determine the prevalence of inadequately documented CT-scan request forms submitted to public and private medical imaging centres in Ghana.
Methods
A retrospective audit of CT-scan request forms was conducted. The study was conducted in two medical imaging facilities (public and private) in Kumasi in the Ashanti Region, Ghana. The CT-scan request forms submitted between 1st January to 30th December 2021 were reviewed. Data was collected using an extraction form designed based on the literature. The data extraction form collected the following variables: patient demographics; clinical information; referring physician information; and procedure information. Descriptive analyses were undertaken. Log-linear regression model was used to calculate rate ratio and 95% confidence interval for prevalence of completeness across the CT-scan request forms.
Results
A total of 480 CT-scan request forms were reviewed (240 from each medical imaging centre). More than half (n = 121, 50.4%) of the patients in the public and 62.5% (n = 150) in the private medical imaging centre were males. The mean age of patients was 49.5 ± 19.6 year. The overall prevalence of inadequately completing CT-scan request forms was 0.752% (95% CI: 0.719–0.787; p < 0.001). Reasons for referral were documented on 391 (81.5%) of the CT-scan request forms, which was highest in the private medical imaging centre (n = 232, 96.7%).
Conclusion
The prevalence of inadequately completing patient demographic, clinical and physician information on CT-scan request forms is alarming. Efforts to eliminating barriers to inadequately completing CT-scan request forms will require deliberate organisational system strengthening.
Characteristics of the peripapillary structure and vasculature in patients with myopic anisometropia
Authors: Qiao Yilin , Cheng Dan , Ruan Kaiming , Yu Jiafeng , Zhang Zhengxi , Zhu Xueying , Gao Weiqian , Wu Minhui , Shen Meixiao , Ye Yufeng , Shen Lijun
Published: November 2022

Background To evaluate the interocular differences of the peripapillary structural and vascular parameters and that of association with axial length (AL) in participants with myopic anisometropia using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). Methods This prospective cross-sectional study included 88 eyes of 44 participants. Eyes were classified into the longer and the shorter eye group according to ALs. The β- and γ-parapapillary atrophy (PPA) areas, Bruch’s membrane opening distance (BMOD), border length (BL), and border tissue angle (BTA) were measured manually. MATLAB software determined peripapillary choroidal vascularity index (CVI) and choroidal thickness (CT) values in superior, nasal, inferior, and temporal. Results The interocular difference in spherical equivalent (SE) was highly correlated with that of the AL. The β- and γ-PPA areas, BMOD, and BL were greater in longer eyes. The mean and inferior peripapillary CVI and the mean, superior, and inferior peripapillary CT were lower in the longer eye group. The interocular difference in AL was significantly positively correlated with the γ-PPA area and BL and negatively correlated with the temporal CVI and mean, inferior, and temporal peripapillary CT. There was an independent correlation between the interocular differences in AL and the γ-PPA area, inferior and temporal peripapillary CT. Conclusions Significant differences between both groups were detected in most peripapillary parameters. The γ-PPA area, BL, and peripapillary CVI and CT were sensitively affected by the elongation of AL. The characteristics of peripapillary parameters may be useful in the prediction of AL elongation.
Study on the variables reflecting the action of interest groups. The case of Greek economy
Authors: Papadakis Haris , Atsalakis George S. , Zopounidis Constantin
Published: November 2022

In literature there are many studies considering the action of interest groups in several countries’ societies and economies. In order to study the effect of special interest groups in the economy of each country, a multitude of variables have been used by researchers. After an extended bibliographic research in the recording of the economy affecting variables that have been used, this research presents a methodology for the selection of those which better represent the action of interest groups in the economy of Greece. The methodology used is based on Principal Component Analysis and therefore on the correlation tests needed. In this way it can be concluded which variables can be more advantageous in future research.
Non covalent interactions in the monohydrated complexes of 1,2,3,4 –tetrahydroisoquinoline in S 0
Authors: Das Santu , CHAKRABORTY ABHIJIT
Published: November 2022

The eleven monohydrates of 1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) are analysed through Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analysis and QTAIM methods employing M06-2X functional in DFT and MP2 methods. Here, the role of OH bonds as an acceptor and donor are critically analyzed. The role of O lone pairs is critically monitored in two of the complexes, where N-H···O hydrogen bonds are present. The relative contributions of rehybridisation and hyperconjugation are compared in detail. Popellier criteria are satisfied in all the complexes involving strong hydrogen bonds. Strong hydrogen bonding is observed among four complexes. These are confirmed through the negative values of total electron energy density (HC), while Laplacian \({(\nabla }^{2}{{\rho }}_{\text{C}} )\)remains positive at the bond critical points (BCP). All these are O-H⋅⋅⋅N type bonds. Remaining h-bonds are weaker in nature. These are also confirmed by the smaller values of electron density ρCat the BCP. The variation of potential energy density (VC) among the complexes seems to be the most important factor in determining the nature of non-covalent interactions.
The role of lung ultrasonography in the SARS-COV-2 vaccines and variants era: a case report.
Authors: CEPEDA JAVIER GONZALEZ , ESTEVES ANA LUÍSA , Chen Yale Tung
Published: November 2022

INTRODUCTION: Ever since the first COVID-19 patient was diagnosed, we have gone through incredibly challenging periods worldwide. Nevertheless, these times have produced massive developments in the medical field with bursts of knowledge and discoveries.
CASE PRESENTATION: Our manuscript reports the case of a doctor-patient with two SARS-CoV-2 infections, who have been vaccinated in the interim. Daily lung ultrasound was performed for both infections showing pathological findings in the first period and no alterations in the second.
CONCLUSSION: Considering the emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2 and the diminished vaccine efficacy, this case enhances the importance of complementing the evaluation of COVID-19 patients with lung ultrasound. It helps to define diagnosis and guide treatment, enabling the prediction of severity and prognosis.
General practice nurse trainees’ perspectives on general practice nursing as a career choice in the UK: findings from a Vocational Training Scheme in the United Kingdom
Authors: Lewis Robin
Published: November 2022

Background
There remains a shortage of general practice staff worldwide to deal with an ever-increasing workload, and the need to attract ‘new blood’ into general practice nursing is vital. If this is to be successful, new graduate nurses must also be provided with the necessary infrastructure to support their ongoing professional development. As part of this, a one-year Vocational Training Scheme for general practice nurses was developed in 2020 by the South Yorkshire Primary Care Workforce and Training Hub.
Methods
The aim of the study was to examine the trainees’ views on general practice nursing as a career. A pragmatic, convenience sample of trainees undertaking the 2020 vocational training scheme was recruited. Ethical approval was obtained from Sheffield Hallam University. Of the 21 trainees on the 2020 programme, 17 agreed to take part in the study. Data were collected from the trainees using a series of four regular, timed, online focus groups designed to follow the trainees’ trajectory on the programme over a 12 month period. The data were transcribed, cleaned, and analysed using the ‘framework approach’.
Results
The timed nature of the focus groups meant that the thematic analysis was linked to the trainees’ trajectory over the course of the year. Three themes emerged from the data: ‘pathways into general practice’; ‘learning to be a GPN’; and ‘the future GPN’.
Discussion
In theme one, the trainees talked of the difficulties in accessing general practice as a new graduate, specifically the need for prior experience and how to get it. In the second, the transition to being a general practice nurse was discussed, and the expectation of being able to ‘hit the ground running’ once in post. The new graduate trainees were also concerned over the opportunities for clinical supervision and support in the role after the programme,. Finally, the trainees expressed concern over the opportunities for professional development and the prospects for a long-term career in general practice.
Conclusion
In order to address the UK workforce ‘crisis’ in primary care, there is a need to change the culture of general practice. The need to provide fully funded education for general practice nurses is an important element in achieving this.
Boosting the Learning for Ranking Patterns
Authors: Belmecheri Nassim , Aribi Noureddine , Lazaar Nadjib , Lebbah Yahia , Loudni Samir
Published: November 2022

Discovering relevant patterns for a particular user remains a challenging tasks in data mining.
Several approaches have been proposed to learn user-specific pattern ranking functions.
These approaches generalize well, but at the expense of the running time.
On the other hand, several measures are often used to evaluate the interestingness of patterns, with the hope to reveal a ranking that is as close as possible to the user-specific ranking.
In this paper, we formulate the problem of learning pattern ranking functions as a multicriteria decision making problem.
Our approach aggregates different interestingness measures into a single weighted linear ranking function, using an interactive learning procedure that operates in either passive or active modes.
A fast learning step is used for eliciting the weights of all the measures by mean of pairwise comparisons.

This approach is based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), and a set of user-ranked patterns to build a preference matrix, which compares the importance of measures according to the user-specific interestingness.
A sensitivity based heuristic is proposed for the active learning mode,
in order to insure high quality results with few user ranking queries.
Experiments conducted on well-known datasets show that our approach significantly reduces the running time and returns precise pattern ranking, while being robust to user-error compared with state-of-the-art approaches.
A Prospective Study of Information -Theoretic and Practical Quantum Key Distribution
Authors: Singh Sheetal , Ahmed Jawed , Raghuvanshi Kamlesh Kumar , Agarwal Parul
Published: November 2022

Most modern cryptographic mechanisms are often based on the key distribution schemes, the security of which depends on the computational complexity and the power used to break the encryption. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is gaining popularity as a panacea to the issue of secure key distribution due to its ability to show secret keys' information-theoretic protection that is already suitable for commercialization. The goal is to generate a secret key between trusted parties connected through a quantum channel and an authenticated classical channel. The technology promises unconditional secure communication based on the principles of quantum mechanics without limiting the power of an eavesdropper. The first three sections provide a contemporary review of the Quantum Key Distribution in a nutshell. The remaining part of the paper deals with the key parameters and implementations that have been developed to assess the security of the leading experimental platforms and the challenges with respect to the development of this technology such as optimally overlaying the logic gates via quantum-dot cellular automata, which also creates possible avenues for research in the cryptographic domain.
Cone-shaped resonator-based highly efficient broadband polarization- independent metamaterial absorber for solar energy harvesting
Authors: Kumar Raj , Singh Bipin K. , Pandey Praveen C
Published: November 2022

We propose a highly efficient, low-cost metamaterial absorber of nickel (Ni) metal-based cone-shaped resonators with a silicon dioxide dielectric layer (SiO2). The proposed absorber exhibits an average absorption of 97% for the transverse magnetic (TM) and transverse electric (TE) modes over the visible region which is simulated by CST software. The nickel-metal impedance coincides with the impedance of free space and makes the proposed design an effective broadband absorber in the visible region. The average absorption with different incidence angles obtains over 90% and shows the polarization angles' independence. The average absorption spectra are also examined for the absorber with different noble metals. In addition, short-circuit current densities (Jsc) are calculated at different incidence angles for both modes under a global air mass of 1.5 (AM1.5). We have also plotted the J–V curve to obtain the values of the open-circuit voltage (Voc), Fill Factor, and conversion efficiency (η), whose values are 0.563V, 81.86%, and 11.68%, respectively. The proposed metamaterial absorber can be utilized to develop more reliable, highly efficient, cost-effective, and maximum-power extraction photovoltaic systems.
A Survey of Advancement in AnomalyIntrusion Detection System
Authors: Gondalia Archana , Shah Apurva
Published: November 2022

Every day, trillions of data transfer takes place on the internet. With such huge data transfer the hackers are evolving new and anomalous techniques to intrude and misuse it. Different neural approaches were implemented for the Intrusion Detection System (IDS) based on deep learning (DL) and machine learning (ML) frameworks that helped to maximize the forecasting accuracy. Researchers to help identify intrusion detection upto significant accuracy. However, because of the processing of a huge volume of data having redundant characteristics with irrelevant features, the efficiency of the IDS model is reduced. The researchers use a variety of feature selection strategies to avoid processing of irrelevant and redundant features. Selection of proper features leads to improvement in detection rate as well as processing time. This survey paper aims to provide insight on utilization of various data sets namely KDD Cup’99, NSL-KDD, Kyoto 2006+, UNSW-NB15, Canadian Institute for Cybersecurity Intrusion Detection System (CICIDS) 2017, Aegean WiFi Intrusion (AWID), Australian Defense Force Academy (ADFA), Cambridge and University of Brescia (UNIBS), Communications-Security Establishment and the Canadian-Institute for Cybersecurity (CSE-CIC) IDS 2018 in IDS. This survey paper also describes various classifiers and matrices used for anomaly intrusion detection. The key objective of the present research work to improve dataset for the identification of accurate intrusion detection.
Banned persistent organic pollutants: a quantitative and qualitative systematic review on bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera)
Authors: Monteiro-Alves Priscila Stéfani , Captivo Elizabete Lourenço , Meire Rodrigo Ornellas , Bergallo Helena de Godoy
Published: November 2022

Among the several noxious characteristics of Persistent Organic Polluters (POPs) is a low environmental degradation rate, which means they remain in the environment for decades. One of the measures adopted to mitigate environmental contamination is the imposition of bans and restrictions to several chemical compounds. But are bans being efficient to reduce the amount of such chemicals in the environment? In this systematic review, we tested the efficacy of banning POPs using bats as biomonitors in terrestrial habitats. Bats provide relevant ecosystem services, are found in several anthropogenic matrices, and are highly exposed to chemical pollutants such as POPs due to their feeding and behavioral habits. We found that POP concentrations in biological bat tissues in the genus Myotis in the United States decreased over the years since they were banned. We also realized there is a scarcity of studies in neotropical regions, where the different feeding guilds of bats are best represented. Few studies were found on emerging POPs or on POPs recently included in the Stockholm Convention. Besides, the fact that the specimens in the analyses conducted in the studies reviewed were not separated by sex or age may conceal the potential risk of POPs to the conservation of bat populations. We recommend that future research goes beyond evaluating POP contamination in bats, but also analyzes their noxious potential, as wild populations may be declining over time as well as their roles in the ecosystem and in the economy.
SARS-CoV-2 BW.1, a fast-growing Omicron variant from southeast Mexico bearing relevant escape mutations
Authors: García-López Rodrigo , Rivera-Gutiérrez Xaira , Rosales-Rivera Mauricio , Taboada Blanca , Zárate Selene , Muñoz-Medina José Esteban , Roche Benjamin , Herrera-Estrella Alfredo , Gómez-Gil Bruno , Sanchez-Flores Alejandro , Arias Carlos F.
Published: November 2022

Purpose
The swift growth of the BW.1 SARS-CoV-2 variant coincides with a new rapid increase of COVID-19 cases occurring in Southeast Mexico in October, 2022, putting an end to a period of low transmission after Mexico’s fifth epidemiological wave. Up to 75% of weekly sequenced genomes in the region have been identified as BW.1. In the current study, a comprehensive genomic comparison was carried out to characterize BW.1’s evolutionary history, identifying its origins and its most important mutations.
Methods
An alignment of all the genomes of BW.1 and its parental BA.5.6.2 variant was carried out to identify their mutations. A phylogenetic reconstruction and a longitudinal analysis of point mutations were performed to trace back their origin and contrast them with key RBD mutations in variant BQ.1, one of the fastest growing lineages to date.
Results
The BW.1’s genome derives from Mexican sequences of BA.5.6.2. Two traceable synonymous substitutions support its Mexican origin whereas other two are specific to BW.1: S:N460K and ORF1a:V627I. Mutations found in the receptor binding domain, S:K444T, S:L452R, S:N460K and S:F486V, in BW.1 have been reported to be relevant for immune escape and are key mutations in the BQ.1 lineage.
Conclusions
BW.1 appears to have arisen in the Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico sometime around July 2022 during the fifth COVID-19 wave. Its explosive growth may be in part explained by relevant escape mutations also found in BQ.1.
Development of high-resolution nuclear emulsion plates for synchrotron X-ray topography observation of large-size semiconductor wafers
Authors: Harada Shunta , Nishigaki Taketo , Kitagawa Nobuko , Ishiji Kotaro , Hanada Kenji , Tanaka Atsushi , Morishima Kunihiro
Published: November 2022

Characterization of defects in semiconductor wafers is essential for the development and improvement of semiconductor devices, especially power devices. X-ray topography (XRT) using synchrotron radiation is one of the powerful methods used for defect characterization. To achieve detailed characterization of large-size semiconductor wafers by synchrotron XRT, we have developed nuclear emulsion plates achieving high resolution and wide dynamic range. We have shown that higher-resolution XRT images could be obtained using emulsions with smaller iodobromide crystals and demonstrated clear observation of threading edge dislocations in a SiC epitaxial layer having small contrast. Furthermore, we demonstrated XRT image acquisition for almost all of a 150-mm SiC wafer with one plate. Our development will contribute to advances in electronic materials, especially in the field of power electronics, in which defect characterization is important for improving the performance and yield of devices.
Knowledge and Attitude toward COVID-19 Vaccination among University Students: A Cross- Sectional Study in Garowe, Puntland-Somalia
Authors: BakiBillah Abul Hasan , Ahmed Mohamed Ali , Jamil Safayet , Khan Ayub , Ame Tahmina Sultana , Muhammad Faisal , Chowdhury ABM Alauddin
Published: November 2022

COVID-19 pandemic dismantles the healthcare system across the globe, especially, the war-torn country, Somalia based in the ‘Horn of Africa’. In order to tackle the surge of this pandemic, vaccination is considered as one of the most powerful preventive interventions. This study aimed to explore the level of knowledge and attitude towards this vaccination among the university students located in the Garowe, Puntland state of Somalia. The study participants were joined this cross-sectional research through purposively sampling technique. Data were collected from three different universities based in Garowe were analyzed using statistical software (SPSS version-20). The majority of the respondents (61%) were aged between 20–25 years. The mean score of knowledge was 8.99±2.19 with range (5-11). Nearly 60.0% participants had knowledge score more than mean score. About 61% of the respondents reported that the vaccine can protect against COVID-19, 27% responded that they don’t know anything about the vaccine, and 12% reported that the vaccine can cause the disease. 30% of the respondents mentioned that the vaccine is not available in their country. About 70.4% of the respondents believe that the COVID-19 vaccine has no side effects. The mean score of attitudes towards covid 19 vaccination was 6.21±2.85 with range (1-10). Only 30.0% had attitude score more than mean score while 40.1%, 39.8% and 20.1% had good, average and poor attitude towards covid 19 vaccination. A further study with a large sample encompassing a higher number of universities across the states of Somalia bears a greater level of potentialities in policy formulation.
Efficacy of photodynamic therapy in the treatment of venous trophic ulcers: results from the experiment
Authors: Boldin B. V. , Turkin P. Yu. , Oettinger A. P. , Bogachev V. Yu. , Somov N. O. , Kuzmin S. G. , Loschenov V. B. , Mikhaleva L. M. , Midiber K. Yu.
Published: November 2022

Introduction. Today, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (a-PDT) becomes more and more popular, because of it pronounced bactericidal activity, anti-inflammatory effect. At the same time, no animal model studies have been conducted on morphological changes in cells after exposure to PDT on venous ulcers (VU) when using different types of photosensitizers (PS). The problem of comparing morphological changes in tissues when using a-PDT vs conventional PDT have not yet been resolved.

Aim. Evaluation of the effectiveness of PDT and APDT in a comprehensive examination of trophic ulcers in an in vivo experiment and compare them with standard methods for the treatment of VLU.

Materials and мethods. A series of experiments was conducted on 21 rabbits, separated into 3 equal groups of 7 rabbits each. Venous trophic ulcer was originally modeled for all rabbits. To obtain a VU, we performed an additional ligation of v. femoralis. The control group received standard therapy for VU. The PDT group had PDT with Photosens. The a-PDT group underwent a-PDT using Cholosens. Every 3 days, picture of local inflammation, regeneration rate and ulcer volume were determined. A morphological study of VLU was carried out on the first, 9th and 15th days.

Results. The a-PDT group, day 15: 100% wound epithelization. Control group, day 21st: The volume of wounds decreased on average by 50%. The PDT group: 100% wound epithelization. The morphological study indicated a positive trend in the a-PDT group compared with PDT and control groups, which resulted in a decrease in the total mass of necrotic detritus, a change in the quantitative and qualitative composition of inflammatory infiltrate.

Conclusion. The data obtained indicate that the use of a-PDT is recommended in treatment of VLU. Both PDT and a-PDT methods showed better results in comparison with standard therapy.
A glass matrices-assisted quantum dots-based biosensor for selective capturing and detection ofEscherichia coli
Authors: Pant Anjali , Kaur Taranvir , Sharma Teenu , Singh Joga , Suttee Ashish , Barnwal Ravi Pratap , Kaur Indu Pal , Singh Gurpal , Singh Bhupinder
Published: November 2022

Bacterial contamination of water and food is a grave health concern rendering humans quite vulnerable to disease(s), and proving, at times, fatal too. Exploration of the novel diagnostic tools is, accordingly, highly called for to ensure rapid detection of the pathogenic bacteria, particularly Escherichia coli. The current manuscript, accordingly, reports the use of silane-functionalized glass matrices and antibody-conjugated cadmium telluride (CdTe) quantum dots (QDs) for efficient detection of E. coli. Synthesis of QDs (size: 5.4–6.8 nm) using mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) stabilizer yielded stable photoluminescence (∼62%), corroborating superior fluorescent characteristics. A test sample, when added to antibody-conjugated matrices, followed by antibody-conjugated CdTe-MPA QDs, formed a pathogen-antibody QDs complex. The latter, during confocal microscopy, demonstrated rapid detection of the selectively captured pathogenic bacteria (10 microorganism cells/10 μL) with enhanced sensitivity and specificity. The work, overall, encompasses establishment and design of an innovative detection platform in microbial diagnostics for rapid capturing of pathogens in water and food samples.