bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biografische Entwürfe zwischen politischem Wandel und familiärer Überlieferung in Ostdeutschland
Authors: Grabsch Manuela Maria
Published: June 2022

How do I react to upheavals of any kind? What significance do they have for my everyday life? And what insights do I take away from them for the rest of my life? These questions are answered from the perspective of 34 individual biographies in order to clarify the challenges and development opportunities that we humans face when we experience professional, family or political upheavals. Using the example of the last four system changes and their entire lives, the interviewees, who come from East Germany, illustrate the extent to which the pursuit of professional security, a sense of family well-being and enduring values determine their narratives of the present and the way they deal with the past.
Comparison of Human Papillomavirus RNA In Situ Hybridization and p16 Immunostaining in Diagnostically Challenging High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions in the Background of Atrophy
Authors: Banet Natalie , Mao Quanfu , Chu Sharon , Ruhul Quddus M.
Published: June 2022

Context.—

Human papillomavirus (HPV) in the postmenopausal age group is complex, with infected patients in this age group at increased risk of progressing to invasive disease and showing decreased clearance of the virus. Additionally, atrophic changes of the cervix can make histologic distinction of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) difficult.

Objective.—

To determine morphologic and ancillary testing characteristics of atrophy and HSIL in postmenopausal patients.

Design.—

Files of patients at least 65 years of age were examined, with 81 patients (109 cases [53 benign, 56 HSIL]) included in the study. Results of morphology, immunostaining (p16 and Ki-67), and HPV RNA in situ hybridization (ISH) were noted on all cases with available material.

Results.—

Atrophy was present in 96 of 109 cases (88%) overall. Coarse nuclear chromatin was noted in none of the benign cases, in 19 of 30 HSIL biopsies (63%), and in 24 of 26 HSIL excisions (92%). All benign cases were negative for p16 and ISH. In the HSIL cases, 45 of 53 (89%) were positive for p16, and of cases with sufficient tissue for ISH, 44 of 45 (98%) were positive. Of the ISH/p16 discordant cases (n = 7), most were p16 negative/ISH positive (6 of 7; 86%), whereas 1 of 7 (14%) was p16 positive and ISH negative. A majority of HSIL cases showed near–full-thickness elevation of Ki-67 (45 of 54; 83%), whereas mitotic figures were less elevated.

Conclusions.—

In postmenopausal patients with HSIL, mitotic activity is not reliably elevated, but Ki-67 is consistently high. ISH is a more direct method of HPV detection and should be considered in cases where morphology and immunolabeling show discordance.
Short Training Significantly Improves Ganglion Cell Detection Using an Algorithm-Assisted Approach
Authors: Greenberg Ariel , Samueli Benzion , Fahoum Ibrahim , Farkash Shai , Greenberg Orli , Zemser-Werner Valentina , Sabo Edmond , Hagege Rami R. , Hershkovitz Dov
Published: June 2022

Context.—

Medical education in pathology relies on the accumulation of experience gained through inspection of numerous samples from each entity. Acquiring sufficient teaching material for rare diseases, such as Hirschsprung disease (HSCR), may be difficult, especially in smaller institutes. The current study makes use of a previously developed decision support system using a decision support algorithm meant to aid pathologists in the diagnosis of HSCR.

Objective.—

To assess the effect of a short training session on algorithm-assisted HSCR diagnosis.

Design.—

Five pathologists reviewed a data set of 568 image sets (1704 images in total) selected from 50 cases by the decision support algorithm and were tasked with scoring the images for the presence or absence of ganglion cells. The task was repeated a total of 3 times. Each pathologist had to complete a short educational presentation between the second and third iterations.

Results.—

The training resulted in a significantly increased rate of correct diagnoses (true positive/negative) and a decreased need for referrals for expert consultation. No statistically significant changes in the rate of false positives/negatives were detected.

Conclusions.—

A very short (<10 minutes) training session can greatly improve the pathologist's performance in the algorithm-assisted diagnosis of HSCR. The same approach may be feasible in training for the diagnosis of other rare diseases.
El mármol en los caminos del siglo XVII. Las cruces del Mármol de Macael
Authors: Molina Franco Andrés
Published: June 2022

En este trabajo se aborda el estudio de los mármoles de Macael (Almería), España, utilizados en la realización de cruces que fueron colocadas en el siglo XVII, en una época en la que predominaban el sentimiento religioso y la reaﬁrmación cristiana, ubicándolas en pasos obligados para hacerlas así más visibles y omnipresentes. Estas cruces motivo de culto y expresión de una religiosidad popular de la que en su mo-mento se valieron las élites para mostrar su poder, perpetuar su memoria e interceder por la salvación de sus almas, convierten las cruces de caminos en exponentes de su tiempo y monumentos actuales. Los elementos característicos en su composición, las técnicas constructivas, las herramientas de talla, los contratos y canteros que in-tervienen, hacen de este arte popular un patrimonio digno de restaurar y conservar.
La influencia de las piedras ornamentales en el desarrollo de la ingeniería en el siglo XVI. Reconstrucción del molino de corte de mármol del monasterio de El Escorial
Authors: Sánchez Martínez Francisca Victoria
Published: June 2022

La construcción del monasterio de El Escorial en la corte de los Austrias del siglo XVI supuso la aﬂuencia a ésta de un buen número de artistas y técnicos, que trajeron consigo, entre otras, las técnicas de trabajo con piedras duras redescubiertas en el renacimiento italiano. Dichas técnicas, estaban generalmente vinculadas a las artes suntuarias, y, por lo tanto, muy poco extendidas y prácticamente reservadas a las obras reales, del clero y de la nobleza. La prisa por terminar la obra magna de Felipe II propició un despliegue sin parangón de herramientas y máquinas especíﬁcas para los trabajos en piedra allí realizados y cuyo origen puede rastrearse en los escasos tratados y cuadernos de anotaciones que habían comenzado a producirse cerca de un siglo antes y cuyo máximo exponente fue, sin lugar a duda, los cuadernos de Leonardo Da Vinci, que llegaron a España de la mano de Pompeo Leoni uno de los constructores del retablo mayor de El Escorial. La premura en la terminación de las obras propició la mecanización de ciertos trabajos con las piedras duras que de otra manera hubieran dilatado en exceso la ﬁnalización del retablo. Un claro ejemplo fue la construcción del aserradero para el corte de mármol del monasterio de El Escorial. Este aserradero supuso un claro avance tecnológico para la época que evidentemente pudo lograrse aunando los conocimientos desarrollados en los ambiciosos proyectos de arquitectura, hidráulica e ingeniería civil que tuvieron lugar en la España del siglo XVI
Tras los pasos de Sorolla en Roma: La identificación arqueológica de una crátera griega en su pintura.
Authors: Fenoll Cascales José , Robles Moreno Jesús
Published: June 2022

El presente estudio analiza una crátera griega de campana realizada con la técnica de figuras rojas que Sorolla representó varias veces durante su estancia de pensionado en Roma. El nivel de detalle con el que este vaso se representa y la metodología pictórica de Sorolla parecen indicar que se trata de una pieza real. La búsqueda del correlato arqueológico, empleando para ello corpora y bases de datos de cerámica, ha permitido saber de qué vaso se trata y en qué colección se encontraba, lo que arroja nuevos datos sobre la estancia y el trabajo de Sorolla en Roma.
Vínculos entre pintores y miniaturistas del Gótico Internacional en Valencia. El caso del El Libro de horas Egerton de la British Library de Londres y los Capítulos de la Cofradía de Nuestra Señora de Belén de la Biblioteca de Catalunya.
Authors: Ramón Marqués Nuria
Published: June 2022

El presente estudio pretende dar a conocer los vínculos con respecto a transferencia de conocimientos entre los miniaturistas y los pintores de retablos valencianos del Gótico Internacional a partir del uso de los mismo modelos estilísticos e iconográficos. Para ello, se analizarán detalladamente las miniaturas de dos manuscritos de origen valenciano como son el Libro de horas Egerton (ms. Egerton 2653), de la British Library de Londres, y el libro Capítulos de la Cofradía de Nuestra Señora de Belén, (ms. 74) de la Biblioteca de Catalunya. Del análisis de estas miniaturas se ha corroborado la fuerte vinculación estilística existente entre ellos con la pintura valenciana, pero a la vez de su estudio se observan ciertos aspectos que nos inducen a pensar en la posibilidad de que algunas de las miniaturas de ambos códices formaran parte de uno mismo, desmembrado en siglos posteriores para decorar los actuales.
Paul Natorp y las condiciones transcendentales de la formación. Sobre la agencia epistémica como problema de la filosofía transcendental
Authors: Trujillo Nicolas Alejandro
Published: June 2022

En este artículo sostengo que la Pedagogía social de Paul Natorp contiene una epistemología de la agencia epistémica, en tanto describe condiciones praxiológicas necesarias para la producción de conocimiento objetivo. Desarrollaré esta interpretación en tres partes. Primero, con el fin de contextualizar la investigación filosófico-pedagógica de Natorp, explico el contexto universitario, el programa de investigación de la Escuela de Marburg tal como lo desarrolló Natorp. Segundo, analizo el concepto de formación y la historia evolutiva que propone Natorp.  Por último, concluyo que una interpretación epistemológica del proyecto pedagógico-social proporciona elementos conceptuales para una comprensión sistemática de la agencia epistémica de sujetos concretos.
Convencionalismo, revisionismo y constitutivismo. Análisis del debate interpretativo contemporáneo en torno a la noción kantiana de dignidad
Authors: Berroterán Alejandro M.
Published: June 2022

RESUMEN El presente artículo se propone analizar la noción kantiana de dignidad (Würde) en la Fundamentación de la metafísica de las costumbres, tomando como punto de referencia el debate interpretativo entre el convencionalismo (standard reading) y el revisionismo (revisionist reading). Se mostrarán los elementos centrales de cada interpretación, así como las bases textuales que las justifican. Después, se expondrá el debate en torno a la idea de “valor interior absoluto” y se mostrará que una mejor manera de entender la noción kantiana de dignidad se ubica en una posición alternativa a ambas visiones: el denominado constitutivismo. Se explicará que, además de evitar las dificultades de las otras interpretaciones, el constitutivismo es la manera más apropiada para entender la relación que la dignidad guarda con otras nociones fundamentales del sistema ético kantiano, concretamente, la autonomía y el reino de los fines. Palabras clave: dignidad, revisionismo, convencionalismo, constitutivismo, valor. ABSTRACT This article aims to analyze the Kantian notion of dignity (Würde) in the Groundwork of the metaphysics of morals, taking as reference point the interpretative debate between the standard reading and the revisionist reading. The main features of each interpretation will be shown, as well as the textual bases that justify them. Afterwards, the debate will focus on the idea of “absolute internal value” and will be argued that a better way of understanding the Kantian notion of dignity is the alternative position regarding to what both readings hold: the so called constitutivism. It will be explained that, besides avoiding the difficulties of the other interpretations, constitutivism is a more appropriate way to understand the connection of dignity with other fundamental notions of the Kantian ethical system, specifically, autonomy and kingdom of ends. Key words: dignity, revisionist reading, standard reading, constitutivism, value.
Obituario
Authors: Teruel Pedro Jesús , Cubo Ugarte Óscar
Published: June 2022

En la carrera de la vida importan mucho los compañeros de viaje. Al empezarnuestro recorrido académico, cuando es tanto lo que depende de la orientaciónque se reciba, tuvimos la gran suerte de encontrar excelentes compañeros.Entre ellos se hallaba Jacinto Rivera de Rosales Chacón (Lorca, 1949-Madrid,2021). No pocas veces nos espoleó a salir de nosotros mismos, a exponernuestras ideas en grupos más amplios, a realizar largas estancias deinvestigación en otros países: con la prudencia y el coraje de un padre, nosayudó a crecer. Aludiendo a esa paternidad que se forja en la relaciónacadémica, los alemanes hablan de Doktorvater.
Autoengaño y conciencia moral. Comentario crítico a Kant y el cristianismo de Rogelio Rovira
Authors: Reyna Rafael
Published: June 2022

...
Association of Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio and Glycaemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Mahankali Pranathi , Nannapaneni Sruthi , Vallabhaneni Kalyan Chakravarthy , Damera Naveen Chandra Rao , Diddi Rangarao
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) is an easily measurable novel marker of systemic inflammation and is related to cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Glycated haemoglobin A (HbA1c) levels are an indicator of blood glucose regulation. However, HbA1c usually do not predict diabetes associated complications accurately. Aim: To measure NLR and HbA1c values and to determine their association in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: This observational analytical study was conducted in a tertiary care centre. Data was collected over a period of six months from June 2020 to December 2020. 100 random patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus according to American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups, group A with HbA1c ≤7 (regulated diabetes) and group B with >7 HbA1c (unregulated diabetes). Results: Using independent t-test, the NLR ratios were found to be significantly higher in group B when compared to group A (2.41±0.11 verses 1.31±0.57, respectively). Mean HbA1c (%) levels were 6.67±0.14 and 8.79±0.21 in groups A and B, respectively. Linear regression analysis showed that NLR correlated positively with HbA1c with a p-value <0.001. Conclusion: NLR is an easily available, safe, cost-effective and a simple test. It can also guide the physician in resource limited settings like Primary Health Centres (PHC) to evaluate a patient with type 2 diabetes for microvascular and macrovascular complications. So, it can be used as a disease monitoring tool during the follow-up of diabetics.
Molecular Mechanics-Based Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship Study on the Inhibitory Activity of Some Schiff Bases against Escherichia coli
Authors: Juliet Ozoemena Ifeoma , Onize Ibrahim Bilikisu , Praise Eniolorunda Tolulope , Ojodomo Agbane Isaac , Aminat Yusuf , Raimi Nurudeen
Published: June 2022

Due to their high inhibitory action against Escherichia coli (E. coli), the rise of multidrug-resistant strains of the bacteria necessitates the testing and development of a new set of Schiff bases as anti-E. coli agents worldwide. In this study, the Genetic function approximation (GFA) Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analyzes selected Schiff bases with anti-E. coli activity. This was done using different molecular descriptors and Hansch's approach, which results in the production of one statistically significant hepta parameter model as the strongest model with a squared correlation coefficient (R2) = 0.828, adjusted squared correlation coefficient (R2adj) = 0.775, cross-validated correlation coefficient (Q2) = 0.691, Difference between R2 and Q2, Q2 (R2 - Q2) = 0.137, external prediction (R2pred.) = 0.751 and lack of fit (LOF) of 0.067 value were selected as the best model based on its sound statistical parameters. The development model demonstrated the predominance of the descriptors Minimum H E State (Hmin) and Valence path order 6 (VP-6) in influencing the observed anti-E. coli activity of Schiff bases. Insilico techniques can certainly provide a quick, inexpensive and safe quantitative risk assessment for this class of compounds. It is envisaged that the QSAR results discovered in this work will provide crucial structural insights towards the design of effective anti-E. coli drugs based on Schiff bases
Calculus of Orthogonal Projectors
Authors: Shilaviga Alwanyi Kevin , Simiyu Achiles Nyongesa , Fanuel Olege
Published: June 2022

It is possible to express all geometric notions connected with closed linear subspaces in terms of algebraic properties of the orthoprojectors onto these linear spaces. In this paper, sucient conditions for the calculus of a family of orthoprojectors in B(H) have been given with meaningful consideration of the sum, the product and dierence of orthoprojectors to be a projector. This has been done by giving the algebraic formulations of orthogonality for the sum, product and dierence. From the paper, it is observed that there is a natural one-to-one correspondence between the set of all closed linear subspaces of a Hilbert space H and the set of all orthoprojectors on H. This paper will help in the study of vector space with many diverse applications such as orthogonal polynomials, QR decomposition of projectors and Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization.
Isolation, Identification and Screening of Lipase Producing Fungi from the Soil Environment of Ilorin Metropolis
Authors: Abdulmumini S. A. , Yusuf-Salihu B. O. , AbdulSalam Z. B.
Published: June 2022

This investigation was carried out to isolate, identify and screen for lipase producing fungal species present in the soil environment of Ilorin metropolis. Soil samples of approximately 200g each were collected randomly from eight different locations within the Ilorin metropolis for the investigation. Potato Dextrose Agar was used for the isolation of the fungal species by pour plate method. Six fungal species, Penicillium spp, Acremoniumspp, Mucors pp, Rhizopus stolonifer, Aspergillus nigerand Aspergillus flavuswere isolated and screened for their ability to produce lipases on tween-20 and phenol red agar. The results obtained for lipase production on tween-80 and phenol red after 5 days of incubation showed that four isolates were positive for lipase production which was indicated by diameter zone of clearance and visible precipitate of calcium monolaurate due to the deposition of calcium crystal. The result further revealed that Aspergillus niger had the highest lipase producing ability (having a diameter zone of clearance of 14 ± 0.05 mm), followed by Rhizopus stolonifer (having 10 ± 0.05 mm). Aspergillus flavus and Mucor sp had 6 ± 0.03 mm, 6± 0.01 mm respectively. Acremonium sp. and Penicillium sp. had no zone of clearance. These results demonstrate the presence of lipase producing fungi in the soil environment of Ilorin metropolis,Kwara State, and these can be harnessed locally for large scale production of the enzyme which is of value commercially in the production of leather, detergent,textiles and also as constituents of some special diets and pharmaceuticals.
Efficacy Analysis of Corneal Photo-vitrification (CPV) for Improved Vision of Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) Eyes
Authors: Lin Jui-Teng , Berry Michael
Published: June 2022

Purpose: To analyze the safety and efficacy of corneal photovitrification (CPV) for improved visions of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) eyes.

Study Design: Using CPV for improved visions of AMD eyes.

Place and Duration of Study: New Taipei City, Taiwan, and Austin, TX, USA; between

April, 2022 and June, 2022.

Methodology: The CPV efficacy is calculated based on the rate equation given by dM/dt=-k(t) M(t), where M(t) is the PCV-treated corneal stroma; and k(t) is the rate coefficient given by an Arrhenius formula, k(t) = A0 exp[−Ea/(RT(t,z)], where t and z are the laser irradiation time and depth of the cornea stroma; Ea  is the activation energy and R is the gas constant. The temperature spatial and temporal profiles are given by the numerical solutions of a heat diffusion equation with a volume heating source. Various effective depths including the tissue damage depth, temperature penetration depth and conversion depth, governed by the tissue absorption coefficient, light intensity and dose (or irradiation time), and the related threshold values, are introduced in replacing the conventional penetration depth based on a Beer's law.

Results: The suggested protocol for CPV treatments include: a diode laser at about 2 µm wavelength (with absorption coefficient about 100 cm-1). The laser dose is about 25 J/cm2/spot and irradiation time of 150 ms.

Conclusion: The efficacy of CPV may be predicted/calculated by our modeling based on rate equation and the corneal stroma temperature rise due to laser heating. The preferred retinal locus (PRL) movement observed post-CPV is caused mainly by neuroadaptation.
Pigmented Corneal Mass in a 59-Year-Old Man With Cutaneous Melanoma
Authors: Valikodath Nita G. , Rageh Abdulrahman , Materin Miguel A.
Published: June 2022

A 59-year-old man with history of cutaneous melanoma of the trunk was referred for evaluation of a pigmented angle lesion in the right eye located in the cornea without extension past the Schwalbe line. It did not involve other angle structures such as the trabecular meshwork or scleral spur. What would you do next?
Hydrogen sulfide action in the regulation of plant autophagy
Authors: Aroca Angeles , Gotor Cecilia
Published: June 2022

Hydrogen sulfide is a signalling molecule with a well‐established impact on both plant and animal physiology. Intense investigation into the regulation of autophagy by sulfide in Arabidopsis thaliana has revealed that the post‐translational modification of persulfidation/S‐sulfhydration plays a key role. In this review focused on plants, we discuss the nature of the sulfide molecule involved in the regulation of autophagy, the final outcome of this modification and the persulfidated autophagy proteins identified so far. A detailed outline of the actual knowledge of the regulation mechanism of the autophagy‐related proteins ATG4a and ATG18a from Arabidopsis by sulfide is also included. This information will be instrumental for furthering research on the regulation of autophagy by sulfide.
Amplifying Molecular Scale Rotary Motion: The Marriage of Overcrowded Alkene Molecular Motor with Liquid Crystals
Authors: Lan Ruochen , Bao Jinying , Huang Rui , Wang Zizheng , Zhang Lanying , Shen Chen , Wang Qian , Yang Huai
Published: June 2022

Design and fabrication of macroscopic functional devices by molecular engineering is an emerging and effective strategy in exploration of advanced materials. Photoresponsive overcrowded alkene‐based molecular motor (OAMM) is considered as one of the most promising molecular machines due to the unique rotary motion driven by light with high temporal and spatial precision. Amplifying the molecular rotary motions into macroscopic behaviors of photodirected systems links the molecular dynamics with macroscopic motions of materials, providing new opportunities to design novel materials and devices with a bottom‐up strategy. In this review, recent developments of the light‐responsive liquid crystal system triggered by OAMM will be summarized. The mechanism of amplification effect of liquid crystal matrix will be introduced first. Then progress of the OAMM‐driven liquid crystal materials will be described including light‐controlled photonic crystals, texture‐tunable liquid crystal coating and microspheres, photoactuated soft robots, and dynamic optical devices. It is hoped that this review provides inspirations in design and exploration of light‐driven soft matters and novel functional materials from molecular engineering to structural modification.
Dynamic Surface Evolution of Metal Oxides for Autonomous Adaptation to Catalytic Reaction Environments
Authors: Kim Jun Kyu , Kim Sangwoo , Kim Seunghyun , Kim Hyung Jun , Kim Kyeounghak , Jung WooChul , Han Jeong Woo
Published: June 2022

Metal oxides possessing distinctive physical/chemical properties due to different crystal structures and stoichiometries play a pivotal role in numerous current technologies, especially heterogeneous catalysis for production/conversion of high‐valued chemicals and energy. To date, many researchers have investigated the effect of the structure and composition of these materials on their reactivity to various chemical and electrochemical reactions. However, metal oxide surfaces evolve from their initial form under dynamic reaction conditions due to the autonomous behaviors of the constituent atoms to adapt to the surrounding environment. Such nanoscale surface phenomena complicate reaction mechanisms and material properties, interrupting the clarification of the origin of functionality variations in reaction environments. In this review, the current findings on the spontaneous surface reorganization of metal oxides during reactions are categorized into three types: 1) the appearance of nano‐sized second phase from oxides, 2) the (partial) encapsulation of oxide atoms toward supported metal surfaces, and 3) the oxide surface reconstruction with selective cation leaching in aqueous solution. Then their effects on each reaction are summarized in terms of activity and stability, providing novel insight for those who design metal‐oxide‐based catalytic materials.
Tailoring Materials for Epilepsy Imaging: From Biomarkers to Imaging Probes
Authors: Zhao Jing , Wang Cong , Sun Wanbing , Li Cong
Published: June 2022

Excising epileptic foci (EF) is the most efficient approach for treating drug‐resistant epilepsy (DRE). However, owing to the vast heterogeneity of epilepsies, EF in one‐third of patients cannot be accurately located, even after exhausting all current diagnostic strategies. Therefore, identifying biomarkers that truly represent the status of epilepsy and fabricating probes with high targeting specificity are prerequisites for identifying the “concealed” EF. However, no systematic summary of this topic has been published. Herein, the potential biomarkers of EF are first summarized and classified into three categories: functional, molecular, and structural aberrances during epileptogenesis, a procedure of nonepileptic brain biasing toward epileptic tissue. The materials used to fabricate these imaging probes and their performance in defining the EF in preclinical and clinical studies are highlighted. Finally, perspectives for developing the next generation of probes and their challenges in clinical translation are discussed. In general, this review can be helpful in guiding the development of imaging probes defining EF with improved accuracy and holds promise for increasing the number of DRE patients who are eligible for surgical intervention.
Manipulation of Surface Hydration States by Tuning the Oligo(Ethylene Glycol) Moieties on PEDOT to Achieve Platelet‐Resistant Bioelectrode Applications
Authors: Huang Jing‐Ju , Lin Chia‐Hsuan , Tanaka Yukiko , Yamamoto Aki , Luo Shyh‐Chyang , Tanaka Masaru
Published: June 2022

Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and its derivatives have demonstrated potential in the development of bioelectrodes because of their superior conductivity. However, developing reliable implanted bioelectrodes requires improvements in biocompatibility and the prevention of nonspecific adhesion. In this study, a six ethylene glycol (EG)‐functionalized EDOTs with three different EG lengths (tri‐EG, tetra‐EG, and hexa‐EG) and two types of end groups, hydroxyl (−OH) and methoxy (−OCH3) is synthesized and systematically investigated. By coating them on gold electrodes using electropolymerization, the surface and electrochemical properties of these functionalized PEDOT‐coated electrodes are investigated. Although PEDOT with −OH groups on the surface is more hydrophilic, those with −OCH3 groups on the surface exhibit higher electrochemical activity and lower impedance. The increase in EG units and −OCH3 groups on the surface effectively reduces the adhesion between the PEDOT and atomic force microscopy tips. PEDOT with longer EG lengths and −OCH3 groups exhibits relatively few adhered platelets, and the results of the analysis of hydrated states through differential scanning calorimetry are consistent with those of the platelet adhesion test. This study suggests that a tetra(EG)‐functionalized PEDOT with −OCH3 groups on the surface is a promising coating for implanted bioelectrode applications.
Transparent and Breathable Ion Gel‐Based Sensors toward Multimodal Sensing Ability
Authors: Isano Yuji , Fujita Hajime , Murakami Koki , Ni Sijie , Kurotaki Yuta , Takano Tamami , Isoda Yutaka , Matsuda Ryosuke , Nakamura Fumika , Nishitai Yuuki , Ochirkhuyag Nyamjargal , Inoue Kota , Kawakami Hiroki , Okubo Yusuke , Ueno Kazuhide , Fujie Toshinori , Ota Hiroki
Published: June 2022

Polymer thin‐film sensors have attracted considerable attention in various applications owing to their highly transparent, flexible, and gas‐permeable features. However, conventional thin‐film sensors based on nanomaterials suffer from poor selectivity in sensing targets and scalability of functions. Therefore, a new approach is required for achieving higher selectivity with simple processibility. This study proposes highly transparent, ultra‐flexible, and gas‐permeable polymer thin‐film sensors using ion gels as the sensing material; the sensors demonstrated the capacity for selective detections. Particularly, this study demonstrates simultaneous and independent sensing of temperature and humidity as a proof of concept. The sensors are fabricated using a simple spray coating method on a thin silicone rubber film (≈25 µm thickness). Owing to their thin‐film shape, the sensors exhibit more than 80% visible light transmittance and a higher gas permeability than the human transepidermal water loss. The temperature and humidity are simultaneously detected with a high sensitivity of 15.4% °C–1 and 2.0% per percentage of the relative humidity, respectively, using gels containing two different ionic liquids (ILs). The results suggest that the easily modifiable nature of ILs enables the fabrication of ultra‐flexible and transparent sensors that can detect various objects using a simple method.
Exceedingly Stable Luminescent Dinuclear Pt(II) Complexes with Ditopic Formamidinate Bridging Ligands for High‐Performance Red and Deep‐Red OLEDs with LT97up to 2446 h at 1000 cd m−2
Authors: Xue Minying , Lam Tsz‐Lung , Cheng Gang , Liu Weiqiang , Low Kam‐Hung , Du Lili , Xu Shuo , Hung Faan‐Fung , Phillips David Lee , Che Chi‐Ming
Published: June 2022

The utilization of triplet metal‐metal‐to‐ligand‐charge‐transfer (3MMLCT) emissions of Pt(II) complexes having a large radiative decay rate is a promising strategy to develop efficient red and deep‐red emitters for practical organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). The panel of robust luminescent dinuclear Pt(II) emitters described here features pyridine‐/pyrazine‐fused N‐heterocyclic carbene‐based cyclometalating ligands and ditopic bis‐µ2‐formamidinate bridging ligands. These complexes show intramolecular Pt–Pt distances of 2.85–2.87 Å, are thermally stable up to 446 °C, and display strong red and deep‐red3MMLCT emission (604–689 nm) with emission quantum yields close to unity. Under laboratory conditions, red and deep‐red OLEDs with these complexes show high external quantum efficiencies (up to 21.3%) and prolonged operational lifetimes (LT97up to 2446 h) at an initial luminance of 1000 cd m−2, highlighting the practicality of these dinuclear Pt(II) emitters in organic optoelectronics application.
Two‐Dimensional Tellurene Transistors with Low Contact Resistance and Self‐Aligned Catalytic Thinning Process
Authors: Lin Ziyuan , Wang Jingli , Chen Jiewei , Wang Cong , Liu Jidong , Zhang Wenjing , Chai Yang
Published: June 2022

Two‐dimensional (2D) tellurene (Te) has shown its great potential in nanoelectronics for its high carrier mobility and air stability. However, the high‐resistance electrical contact and relatively thick Te channel hinder its ultimate scaling and device performance. Here, the transport property of Te field‐effect transistors using platinum (Pt) contact with high work function is studied, which facilitates the effective hole injection in the p‐type Te channel. The electrical contact to Te using the Y‐function method (YFM) and the transmission line method (TLM) is investigated. The Te transistors with Pt contact show a low contact resistance of 400 Ωµm, a short transfer length of 80 nm, and low specific contact resistivity of 3.2 × 10−7 Ωcm2, resulting from the low Schottky barrier height (SBH) of Pt/Te interface. The Pt electrode also can work as an efficient catalyst that allows reduction of the Te channel thickness with a controllable thinning process in water under white light illumination. This self‐aligned catalytic thinning process enables the construction of the transistors with a thin Te channel and thick Te contact with Pt metal electrodes, which provides a device configuration with both effective electrostatic control and low contact resistance.
Factors driving burnout and professional fulfillment among emergency medicine residents: A national wellness survey by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Authors: Sakamoto Jeffrey T. , Lee Justin , Lu Dave W. , Sundaram Vandana , Bird Steven B. , Blomkalns Andra L. , Alvarez Al'ai
Published: June 2022

Objectives

This study aimed to identify rates of and contributors to burnout and professional fulfillment among emergency medicine (EM) resident physicians.

Methods

This was a cross‐sectional, national survey of resident members of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine (SAEM). Primary outcomes were burnout and professional fulfillment measured using a previously validated instrument with additional domains pertaining to the academic environment. The survey included question domains examining organizational factors (e.g., academic work environment, satisfaction with training, electronic health records, values alignment, and control over schedule) and individual factors (e.g., self‐compassion, meaningfulness of clinical work, impact of work on health and personal relationships, perceived appreciation, thoughts of attrition, and expectations of the field of EM). Logistic regression was performed to determine the relationships between the primary outcomes and each domain.

Results

The survey was sent electronically to 2641 SAEM resident members. A total of 275 residents completed the survey with a response rate of 10.4%. A total of 151 (55%) respondents were male, and 210 (76%) were White. A total of 132 (48%) residents reported burnout, and 75 (28%) reported professional fulfillment. All organizational and individual factors were significantly associated with both primary outcomes. EM residents reported that meaningfulness of clinical work had the most significant positive association with professional fulfillment (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.2 [95% confidence interval {CI} 1.8–2.7]) and negative association with burnout (adjusted OR 0.46 [95% CI 0.37–0.56]). Thoughts of attrition from academics and accurate expectations of EM were also associated with both primary outcomes, with adjusted ORs (95% CIs) of 0.40 (0.21–0.72) and 5.6 (1.9–23.8) for professional fulfillment and 4.1 (2.5–7.1) and 0.19 (0.08–0.40) for burnout, respectively.

Conclusions

This study found a high prevalence of burnout and a low prevalence of professional fulfillment among EM residents. Multiple factors were significantly associated with each occupational phenomenon, with meaningfulness of clinical work demonstrating the strongest relationships with burnout and professional fulfillment.
Organocatalytic Asymmetric Reaction between α‐Cyano Enones and Dioxindoles: Synthesis of Dihydrofuran‐Spirooxindoles
Authors: Biswas Subhankar , Balha Megha , Das Suman , Chandra Pan Subhas
Published: June 2022

An organocatalytic enantioselective synthesis of dihydrofuran‐spirooxindoles has been developed. Dioxindoles and trans‐α‐cyano‐α,β‐unsaturated ketones were engaged as the reaction partners in this method. The desired products were obtained via bifunctional squaramide catalyzed Michael reaction followed by Pinner reaction and isomerization.
Reclaiming racial dignity: An ethnographic study of how African youth in Australia use social media to visibilise anti‐Black racism
Authors: Gatwiri Kathomi , Moran Claire
Published: June 2022

The #BlackLivesMatter Movement has amplified the role of social media in visibilising anti‐Black violence. Drawing on the narratives and expertise of those who have experienced anti‐Black racism, this paper employs the theoretical concept of racial dignity to highlight how young African Australians participate in racial discourse on social media. The findings of this paper demonstrate that social media is a significant site where Black African youth reclaim racial dignity through: 1) reversing the white gaze; 2) recognising and calling out anti‐blackness; and 3) cultivating and engaging in communities of healing and belonging. Through these digital practices, Black African youth in Australia foster racial agency that promotes positive self‐recognition, racial resilience and racial dignity. We argue, therefore, that social media offer Black African young people in Australia spaces to engage in positive expressions of Afro‐blackness and challenge anti‐blackness in ways that are safer to them than in physical, offline settings in white contexts.
Generation of Twisted Gamma‐Rays via Two‐Photon Transition
Authors: Tashiro Motomichi , Sasao Noboru , Tanaka Minoru
Published: June 2022

A method for generating twisted gamma rays utilizing highly accelerated helium‐like ions is presented. These ions are excited to a predetermined state by irradiating two optical lasers and emit a photon with orbital angular momentum in the deexcitation process. Accordingly, its emission rate together with other properties such as background and photo‐ionization processes is studied.
Structural and Dynamic Analysis of Sulphur Dioxide Adsorption in a Series of Zirconium‐Based Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Li Jiangnan , Smith Gemma L. , Chen Yinlin , Ma Yujie , Kippax‐Jones Meredydd , Fan Mengtian , Lu Wanpeng , Frogley Mark D. , Cinque Gianfelice , Day Sarah J. , Thompson Stephen P. , Cheng Yongqiang , Daemen Luke L. , Ramirez‐Cuesta Anibal J. , Schröder Martin , Yang Sihai
Published: June 2022

We report reversible high capacity adsorption of SO2 in robust Zr‐based metal–organic framework (MOF) materials. Zr‐bptc (H4bptc=biphenyl‐3,3′,5,5′‐tetracarboxylic acid) shows a high SO2 uptake of 6.2 mmol g−1 at 0.1 bar and 298 K, reflecting excellent capture capability and removal of SO2 at low concentration (2500 ppm). Dynamic breakthrough experiments confirm that the introduction of amine, atomically‐dispersed CuII or heteroatomic sulphur sites into the pores enhance the capture of SO2 at low concentrations. The captured SO2 can be converted quantitatively to a pharmaceutical intermediate, aryl N‐aminosulfonamide, thus converting waste to chemical values. In situ X‐ray diffraction, infrared micro‐spectroscopy and inelastic neutron scattering enable the visualisation of the binding domains of adsorbed SO2 molecules and host–guest binding dynamics in these materials at the atomic level. Refinement of the pore environment plays a critical role in designing efficient sorbent materials.
Statistical Analysis of the Measurement Noise in Dynamic Impedance Spectra
Authors: Chukwu Richard , Mugisa John , Brogioli Doriano , Mantia Fabio La
Published: June 2022

Invited for this issue's Front Cover is the group of Professor Fabio La Mantia at the University of Bremen (Germany). The cover picture shows the developed theoretical variance of the error on the admittance and how this expression captures the experimental values of the standard deviations of the real and imaginary parts of the admittance. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/celc.202200109.
Unassisted overall water splitting with a solar‐to‐hydrogen efficiency of over 10% by coupled lead halide perovskite photoelectrodes
Authors: Rhee Ryan , Kim Tae G. , Jang Gyu Y. , Bae Gwangmin , Lee Jung H. , Lee Sunje , Kim Sungsoon , Jeon Seokwoo , Park Jong H.
Published: June 2022

Hydrogen is a promising future sustainable fuel candidate with boundless opportunities. Research into photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting based on a lead halide perovskite (LHP) has progressed significantly with the aim of more efficient solar hydrogen production. Herein, we unite a well‐known photo‐absorbing LHP with cost‐effective water‐splitting catalysts, and we introduce two types of monolithic LHP‐based PEC devices that act as a photocathode and a photoanode for the hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction, leading to efficient unbiased overall water splitting. Through the integration of these two monolithic LHP‐based photoelectrodes, an unbiased solar‐to‐hydrogen conversion efficiency of 10.64% and a photocurrent density of 8.65 mA cm−2 are achieved.
A review on the history, use, and new developments of abobotulinumtoxinA (Dysport)
Authors: Patel Kevin R. , Riddle Ashley , Arffa Matthew , Hollmig S. Tyler
Published: June 2022

AbobotulinumtoxinA is a botulinum neurotoxin type A that blocks the release of acetylcholine from peripheral cholinergic nerve terminals and thereby induces flaccid paralysis. It is the second produced botulinum neurotoxin type A of its class and is currently approved for the use in spasticity, dystonia in adults, and correction of glabellar wrinkle lines in adults up to 65 years of age. Though these are the only US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) indications for its use, there are many off‐label uses for abobotulinumtoxinA such as various facial lines, hyperhidrosis, temporomandibular disease, and other neuromuscular conditions. This summary article reviews the history, development, unique properties, clinical indications, and safety profile of abobotulinumtoxinA.
Giant cell myocarditis after first dose of BNT162b2 – a case report
Authors: Hirsch Valentin G. , Schallhorn Sven , Zwadlo Carolin , Diekmann Johanna , Länger Florian , Jonigk Danny David , Kempf Tibor , Schultheiss Heinz‐Peter , Bauersachs Johann
Published: June 2022

Herein we report the case of a young man, admitted to the Department of Cardiology and Angiology at Hannover Medical School with shortness of breath and elevated troponin. Few weeks earlier the patient received the first dose of BioNTech's mRNA vaccine (Comirnaty, BNT162b2). After diagnostic work‐up revealed giant cell myocarditis, the patient received immunosuppressive therapy. In the present context of myocarditis after mRNA vaccination we discuss this rare aetiology and the patient's treatment strategy in the light of current recommendations.
Visible‐Light‐Mediated Synthesis of 1‐Oxa‐4‐aza‐spiro Oxazolines by Spiroannulation of Quinones with Vinyl Azides
Authors: Sarkar Subhankar , De Aramita , Santra Sougata , Khalymbadzha Igor A. , Zyryanov Grigory V. , Majee Adinath
Published: June 2022

A simple and efficient method has been developed to synthesize 1‐oxa‐4‐aza‐spirooxazolines. The reaction was carried out at room temperature using rose bengal as an organic photoredox catalyst and blue LED as a light source. It was observed that quinones underwent spiroannulation reaction with vinyl azide on C−O double bond instead of C−C double bond through which various corresponding 1‐oxa‐4‐aza‐spirooxazolines have been synthesized in good to excellent yields.
Gas turbine gas‐path fault diagnosis in power plant under transient operating condition with variable geometry compressor
Authors: Li Jingchao , Ying Yulong , Wu Zhong
Published: June 2022

To extend useful life, improve availability, and reduce gas turbine maintenance costs, scholars have proposed many gas‐path fault diagnostic approaches on the basis of steady‐state operating conditions. However, gas turbines increasingly have to operate more flexibly in grid‐supported modes. In transient operating mode, the service life of the gas turbine will be consumed faster compared with that in base‐load operating mode. In addition, the use of a variable geometry compressor has introduced new uncertainty in the actual diagnostic process, making the applicable boundaries of the original gas‐path diagnosis methods narrower and narrower. Regarding the issue above, a novel approach is proposed for fault diagnosis of gas turbine gas‐path components in power plants under a transient operating condition with the variable geometry compressor for the first time. First, the mathematical relationship of the influence of the compressor inlet guide vane position on the compressor flow and efficiency characteristics is deduced. And a high‐precision thermodynamic model for the purpose of performance analysis and gas‐path fault diagnosis is established, which comprehensively considers the above interference factors and includes health parameters of the main gas‐path components. Second, the thermodynamic model‐based diagnosis strategy under transient operating conditions with the variable geometry compressor is proposed and component health parameters can be quantitatively obtained. At last, the effectiveness and reliability of the method proposed are validated through both simulation test and actual operation test with good accuracy and real‐time performance to diagnose single and multiple component performance degradations, and component abrupt fault.
Abnormal white‐matter rich‐club organization in obsessive–compulsive disorder
Authors: Baldi Samantha , Michielse Stijn , Vriend Chris , van den Heuvel Martijn P. , van den Heuvel Odile A. , Schruers Koen R. J. , Goossens Liesbet
Published: June 2022

Rich‐club organization is key to efficient global neuronal signaling and integration of information. Alterations interfere with higher‐order cognitive processes, and are common to several psychiatric and neurological conditions. A few studies examining the structural connectome in obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) suggest lower efficiency of information transfer across the brain. However, it remains unclear whether this is due to alterations in rich‐club organization. In the current study, the structural connectome of 28 unmedicated OCD patients, 8 of their unaffected siblings and 28 healthy controls was reconstructed by means of diffusion‐weighted imaging and probabilistic tractography. Topological and weighted measures of rich‐club organization and connectivity were computed, alongside global and nodal measures of network integration and segregation. The relationship between clinical scores and network properties was explored. Compared to healthy controls, OCD patients displayed significantly lower topological and weighted rich‐club organization, allocating a smaller fraction of all connection weights to the rich‐club core. Global clustering coefficient, local efficiency, and clustering of nonrich club nodes were significantly higher in OCD patients. Significant three‐group differences emerged, with siblings displaying highest and lowest values in different measures. No significant correlation with any clinical score was found. Our results suggest weaker structural connectivity between rich‐club nodes in OCD patients, possibly resulting in lower network integration in favor of higher network segregation. We highlight the need of looking at network‐based alterations in brain organization and function when investigating the neurobiological basis of this disorder, and stimulate further research into potential familial protective factors against the development of OCD.