bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Functional Value Evolution of Rural Homesteads in Different Types of Villages: Evidence from a Chinese Traditional Agricultural Village and Homestay Village
Authors: Su Kangchuan , Wu Jiang , Yan Yan , Zhang Zhongxun , Yang Qingyuan
Published: June 2022

China’s social and economic development is in a critical period of transition. With the implementation of the Rural Revitalization Strategy, new rural industries and new formats have developed rapidly. Profound changes have taken place in the human–land relationship, population structure, industrial structure, and rural functions in the vast rural areas, which have a huge impact on the function and value of rural homesteads. The functional evolution of rural homesteads has a strong driving effect on the change of function value of the homestead. The functional value of rural homesteads is affected by the social and economic development conditions, location, resource endowment, land use policy, rural land trading market, the development of new industries and new formats, and the evolution of homestead function; different homestead functions have different values, especially in the non-agricultural production function and asset function of the homestead. To revitalize the idle and inefficient use of the homestead and fully manifest its value when the homestead is transferred or withdrawn, it is necessary to scientifically calculate the homestead value according to the principle of “what function is lost and what value is compensated”. This paper adopts basic geographic data, rural land transaction data, and social and economic data, and it uses participatory rural appraisal, the land estimation method, and the comparative analysis method. According to the classic theory of “structure determines function and function determines value” in systems engineering, the equivalent substitution method and market value method are used to measure and compare the functional values of traditional agricultural villages and tourist homestay villages before and after the functional evolution. The results show that (1) the leading functional evolution of homestead landlords is closely related to the level of social and economic development. The change in the functional value of the homestead presents the same law as the evolution of its leading function. (2) The functional evolution of the homestead has a strong driving effect on its value change. The increase in value caused by the functional evolution of homesteads in homestay villages is significantly higher than that in traditional agricultural villages. (3) The functional value of the homestead is affected by the social economy, location, resource endowment, land use policy, rural land trading market, business development, and the functional evolution of the homestead. (4) It is suggested that the state formulates the compensation standard for voluntary and paid withdrawal of homesteads according to the “functional value theory of homesteads”, to reduce the unfair value compensation caused by location differences.
Enhanced Automatic Identification of Urban Community Green Space Based on Semantic Segmentation
Authors: Chen Jiangxi , Shao Siyu , Zhu Yifei , Wang Yu , Rao Fujie , Dai Xilei , Lai Dayi
Published: June 2022

At the neighborhood scale, recognizing urban community green space (UCGS) is important for residential living condition assessment and urban planning. However, current studies have embodied two key issues. Firstly, existing studies have focused on large geographic scales, mixing urban and rural areas, neglecting the accuracy of green space contours at fine geographic scales. Secondly, the green spaces covered by shadows often suffer misclassification. To address these issues, we created a neighborhood-scale urban community green space (UCGS) dataset and proposed a segmentation decoder for HRNet backbone with two auxiliary decoders. Our proposed model adds two additional branches to the low-resolution representations to improve their discriminative ability, thus enhancing the overall performance when the high- and low-resolution representations are fused. To evaluate the performance of the model, we tested it on a dataset that includes satellite images of Shanghai, China. The model outperformed the other nine models in UCGS extraction, with a precision of 83.01, recall of 85.69, IoU of 72.91, F1-score of 84.33, and OA of 89.31. Our model also improved the integrity of the identification of shaded green spaces over HRNetV2. The proposed method could offer a useful tool for efficient UCGS detection and mapping in urban planning.
Poly(L-lactide) Epimerization and Chain Scission in the Presence of Organic Bases
Authors: Meimoun Julie , Favrelle-Huret Audrey , Winter Julien De , Zinck Philippe
Published: June 2022

Organocatalysis for polymer chemistry has become a subject of significant interest in the last two decades. In this contribution, we have studied the evolution of the microstructure of poly(L-lactide) in solution in toluene at 105 °C in the presence of various organocatalysts. Weak bases such as triethylamine and DMAP (4-dimethylaminopyridine) lead to a low extent of epimerization and a chain scission reaction. The DBU (1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene) amidine induces in turn important extents of both epimerization (up to 37% D-stereoisomer formation) and chain scission. This has been tentatively attributed to a nucleophilic mechanism. Cinchona alkaloids lead to only a modest amount of epimerization. Phosphazene bases are in turn rather active, especially for high catalytic loadings (>1 mol %). The chain scission observed in this case is proposed to occur via a base-catalyzed hydrolysis mechanism. Finally, it is shown that combining an organic base with an acid can lead to a synergistic effect regarding notably the chain scission reaction.
Is Lipid Specificity Key to the Potential Antiviral Activity of Mouthwash Reagent Chlorhexidine against SARS-CoV-2?
Authors: Rathod Arun K. , Poojari Chetan S. , Manna Moutusi
Published: June 2022

Chlorhexidine (CHX), a popular antibacterial drug, is widely used for oral health. Emerging pieces of evidence suggest that commercially available chlorhexidine mouthwash formulations are effective in suppressing the spread of SARS-CoV-2, possibly through destabilization of the viral lipid envelope. CHX is known for its membrane-active properties; however, the molecular mechanism revealing how it damages the viral lipid envelope is yet to be understood. Here we used extensive conventional and umbrella sampling simulations to quantify the effects of CHX on model membranes mimicking the composition of the SARS-CoV-2 outer lipid membrane as well as the host plasma membrane. Our results show that the lipid composition and physical properties of the membrane play an important role in binding and insertion, with CHX binding favorably to the viral membrane over the plasma membrane. Among the simulated lipids, CHX preferentially binds to anionic lipids, PS and PI, which are more concentrated in the viral membrane. The deeper and stable binding of CHX to the viral membrane results in more pronounced swelling of the membrane laterally with a thinning of the bilayer. The overall free energies of pore formation are strongly reduced for the viral membrane compared to the plasma membrane; however, CHX has a larger concentration-dependent effect on free energies of pore formation in the plasma membrane than the viral membrane. The results indicate that CHX is less toxic to the human plasma membrane at low concentrations. Our simulations reveal that CHX facilitates pore formation by the combination of thinning the membrane and accumulation at the water defect. This study provides insights into the mechanism underlying the anti-SARS-CoV-2 potency of CHX, supporting its potential for application as an effective and safe oral rinse agent for preventing viral transmission.
Electromembrane Extraction of Posaconazole for Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometric Detection
Authors: Chen Chi-Sheng , Chen Wen-Chi , Chang Sarah Y.
Published: June 2022

A new mode of electromembrane extraction (EME) has been developed for detection via matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI/MS). Posaconazole, extracted from 8 mL of a 10 mM trifluoroacetic acid solution onto a thin polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane, was used as a model analyte. The transport was forced by an electrical potential difference between two electrodes inside the lumen of a hollow fiber and glass tube. Under an application of 80 V, cationic posaconazole in the sample solution moved toward the negative electrode inside the glass tube and was trapped by the PVDF membrane on the side. After 15 min of extraction, 3 μL of α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA) solution was applied on top of the membrane, which was then analyzed by MALDI/MS. Under optimal extraction conditions, the calibration curve of posaconazole was linear over a concentration range of 0.10–100.00 nM. The limit of detection (LOD) at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 was 0.03 nM with an enhancement factor of 138 for posaconazole. The application of this method to the determination of posaconazole in human serum samples was also successfully demonstrated.
Dissolution and Solubility of the Calcite–Otavite Solid Solutions [(Ca1−xCdx)CO3] at 25 °C
Authors: Ma Chengyou , Xu Fan , Zhu Zongqiang , Yang Hongqu , Nong Peijie , Kang Zhiqiang , Tang Shen , Zhang Lihao , Zhu Yinian
Published: June 2022

A complete series of the calcite–otavite solid solutions [(Ca1−xCdx)CO3] were prepared, and their dissolution processes lasting nine months were experimentally investigated. For the dissolution in the N2-degassed water, the Ca concentrations of the aqueous phases increased up to the steady states after 5040 h of dissolution, and the Cd concentrations of the aqueous phases increased up to the highest values and then decreased gradually to the steady states of 0.017–6.476 μmol/L after 5040 h of dissolution. For the dissolution in the CO2-saturated water, the Ca and Cd concentrations of the aqueous phases increased up to the peak values and then decreased gradually to the steady states of 0.94–0.46 mmol/L and 0.046–9.643 μmol/L after 5040 h of dissolution, respectively. For the dissolution in the N2-degassed water at 25 °C, the mean solubility products (log Ksp) and the Gibbs free energies of formation (ΔGfθ) were estimated to be −8.45–−8.42 and −1129.65–−1129.48 kJ/mol for calcite [CaCO3] and −11.62–−11.79 and −671.81–−672.78 kJ/mol for otavite [CdCO3], respectively. Generally, the log Ksp values decreased non-linearly, and the ΔGfθ values increased linearly with the increasing Cd/(Ca+Cd) mole ratio (XCd) of the (Ca1−xCdx)CO3 solid solutions. In the Lippmann diagrams constructed for the sub-regular (Ca1−xCdx)CO3 solid solutions with the estimated Guggenheim coefficients a0 = −0.84 and a1 = −3.80 for the dissolution in the N2-degassed water or a0 = −1.12 and a1 = −3.83 for the dissolution in the CO2-saturated water, the (Ca1−xCdx)CO3 solid solutions dissolved incongruently, moved progressively up to the quasi-equilibrium curves for otavite and then along the quasi-equilibrium curve from right to left, approached the solutus curve and finally reached the minimum stoichiometric saturation curve for calcite. The considerably Cd-poor aqueous phases were finally in equilibrium with the CdCO3-rich solid phases.
Cell Fate following Irradiation of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells Pre-Exposed to the Tetrahydroisoquinoline Sulfamate Microtubule Disruptor STX3451
Authors: Hargrave Scott D. , Joubert Anna M. , Potter Barry V. L. , Dohle Wolfgang , Marais Sumari , Mercier Anne E.
Published: June 2022

A tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) core is able to mimic the A and B rings of 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME2), an endogenous estrogen metabolite that demonstrates promising anticancer properties primarily by disrupting microtubule dynamic instability parameters, but has very poor pharmaceutical properties that can be improved by sulfamoylation. The non-steroidal THIQ-based microtubule disruptor 2-(3-bromo-4,5-dimethoxybenzyl)-7-methoxy-6-sulfamoyloxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (STX3451), with enhanced pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles, was explored for the first time in radiation biology. We investigated whether 24 h pre-treatment with STX3451 could pre-sensitize MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells to radiation. This regimen showed a clear increase in cytotoxicity compared to the individual modalities, results that were contiguous in spectrophotometric analysis, flow cytometric quantification of apoptosis induction, clonogenic studies and microscopy techniques. Drug pre-treatment increased radiation-induced DNA damage, with statistically more double-strand (ds) DNA breaks demonstrated. The latter could be due to the induction of a radiation-sensitive metaphase block or the increased levels of reactive oxygen species, both evident after compound exposure. STX3451 pre-exposure may also delay DNA repair mechanisms, as the DNA damage response element ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) was depressed. These in vitro findings may translate into in vivo models, with the ultimate aim of reducing both radiation and drug doses for maximal clinical effect with minimal adverse effects.
Odor Characteristics of Novel Non-Canonical Terpenes
Authors: Sommer Svenja , Lang Leon M. , Drummond Laura , Buchhaupt Markus , Fraatz Marco A. , Zorn Holger
Published: June 2022

Several non-canonical, methylated terpenes have been described as products of genetically modified Escherichia coli recently, and the aroma properties of 28 odor-active methylated derivatives of prenol, isoprenol, bornane, camphene, carene, citronellol, fenchol, geraniol, limonene, linalool, terpineol, and farnesol were characterized for the first time in the current study. Twelve methylated monoterpenes exhibited a particularly intense and pleasant odor and were therefore chosen for the determination of their respective odor thresholds (OTs) in comparison to their non-methylated equivalents. In addition to the determination of OTs based on the literature value for the internal standard, (2E)-decenal, the threshold values of the compounds with individually determined OTs of the participants were calculated. This enabled a more precise identification of the OTs. Among the non-canonical terpenes, the lowest OTs in the air were found for 2-methyllinalool (flowery, 1.8 ng L−1), 2-methyl-α-fenchol (moldy, 3.6 ng L−1), 2-methylgeraniol (flowery, 5.4 ng L−1), 2-methylcitronellol (citrus-like, 7.2 ng L−1), and 4-methylgeraniol (citrus-like, 16 ng L−1). The derivatives of geraniol, linalool, and citronellol showed very pleasant odor impressions, which could make them interesting for use as flavoring agents in the flavor and fragrance industry.
The Development of iDPC-STEM and Its Application in Electron Beam Sensitive Materials
Authors: Wang Hongyi , Liu Linlin , Wang Jiaxing , Li Chen , Hou Jixiang , Zheng Kun
Published: June 2022

The main aspects of material research: material synthesis, material structure, and material properties, are interrelated. Acquiring atomic structure information of electron beam sensitive materials by electron microscope, such as porous zeolites, organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites, metal-organic frameworks, is an important and challenging task. The difficulties in characterization of the structures will inevitably limit the optimization of their synthesis methods and further improve their performance. The emergence of integrated differential phase contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy (iDPC-STEM), a STEM characterization technique capable of obtaining images with high signal-to-noise ratio under lower doses, has made great breakthroughs in the atomic structure characterization of these materials. This article reviews the developments and applications of iDPC-STEM in electron beam sensitive materials, and provides an outlook on its capabilities and development.
Anticonvulsant Effect of Turmeric and Resveratrol in Lithium/Pilocarpine-Induced Status Epilepticus in Wistar Rats
Authors: Zamora-Bello Isaac , Rivadeneyra-Domínguez Eduardo , Rodríguez-Landa Juan Francisco
Published: June 2022

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that lacks a cure. The use of plant-derived antioxidant molecules such as those contained in turmeric powder and resveratrol may produce short-term anticonvulsant effects. A total of 42 three-month-old male Wistar rats were divided into six groups (n = 7 in each group): Vehicle (purified water), turmeric (150 and 300 mg/kg, respectively), and resveratrol (30 and 60 mg/kg, respectively), administered per os (p.o.) every 24 h for 35 days. Carbamazepine (300 mg/kg/5 days) was used as a pharmacological control for anticonvulsant activity. At the end of the treatment, status epilepticus was induced using the lithium–pilocarpine model [3 mEq/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.) and 30 mg/kg subcutaneously (s.c.), respectively]. Seizures were evaluated using the Racine scale. The 300 mg/kg of turmeric and 60 mg/kg of resveratrol groups had an increased latency to the first generalized seizure. The groups treated with 150 and 300 mg/kg of turmeric and 60 mg/kg of resveratrol also had an increased latency to status epilepticus and a decreased number of generalized seizures compared to the vehicle group. The chronic administration of turmeric and resveratrol exerts anticonvulsant effects without producing kidney or liver damage. This suggests that both of these natural products of plant origin could work as adjuvants in the treatment of epilepsy.
Quantum Transport of Dirac Fermions in HgTe Gapless Quantum Wells
Authors: Gusev Gennady M. , Levin Alexander D. , Kozlov Dmitry A. , Kvon Ze D. , Mikhailov Nikolay N.
Published: June 2022

We study the transport properties of HgTe quantum wells with critical well thickness, where the band gap is closed and the low energy spectrum is described by a single Dirac cone. In this work, we examined both macroscopic and micron-sized (mesoscopic) samples. In micron-sized samples, we observe a magnetic-field-induced quantized resistance (~h/2e) at Landau filling factor ν=0, corresponding to the formation of helical edge states centered at the charge neutrality point (CNP). In macroscopic samples, the resistance near a zero Landau level (LL) reveals strong oscillations, which we attribute to scattering between the edge ν=0 state and bulk ν≠0 hole LL. We provide a model taking an empirical approach to construct a LL diagram based on a reservoir scenario, formed by the heavy holes.
Degradation of Lignin by Infrared Free Electron Laser
Authors: Kawasaki Takayasu , Zen Heishun , Sakai Takeshi , Sumitomo Yoske , Nogami Kyoko , Hayakawa Ken , Yaji Toyonari , Ohta Toshiaki , Nagata Takashi , Hayakawa Yasushi
Published: June 2022

Lignin monomers have attracted attention as functional materials for various industrial uses. However, it is challenging to obtain these monomers by degrading polymerized lignin due to the rigid ether linkage between the aromatic rings. Here, we propose a novel approach based on molecular vibrational excitation using infrared free electron laser (IR-FEL) for the degradation of lignin. The IR-FEL is an accelerator-based pico-second pulse laser, and commercially available powdered lignin was irradiated by the IR-FEL under atmospheric conditions. Synchrotron-radiation infrared microspectroscopy analysis showed that the absorption intensities at 1050 cm−1, 1140 cm−1, and 3400 cm−1 were largely decreased alongside decolorization. Electrospray ionization mass chromatography analysis showed that coumaryl alcohol was more abundant and a mass peak corresponding to hydrated coniferyl alcohol was detected after irradiation at 2.9 μm (νO-H) compared to the original lignin. Interestingly, a mass peak corresponding to vanillic acid appeared after irradiation at 7.1 μm (νC=C and νC-C), which was supported by our two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy analysis. Therefore, it seems that partial depolymerization of lignin can be induced by IR-FEL irradiation in a wavelength-dependent manner.
Effect of UV Light on the Barrier Performance of Aluminum Powder/Epoxy Coating
Authors: Zhai Zhe , Li Hang , Feng Lajun , Li Feng
Published: June 2022

Spherical aluminum powder was added to an epoxy composite coating in order to improve its protection performance for metal materials. The strength of the coating before and after UV (Ultraviolet Light) aging, its yellowing value, and its barrier properties were tested to explore the influence of UV light on the barrier performance of aluminum powder/epoxy coating. The results show that the addition of the aluminum powder enhanced the strength of the epoxy coating and reflected environmental UV light. This improved the resistance of the coating to UV aging and prolonged its service life. The composite prepared with 6 wt.% aluminum power exhibited the highest strength values before and after aging: 64.5 MPa and 58.5 MPa, respectively. After aging, the strength loss rate of this epoxy coating was 9.3%, and its yellowing value was +1.43.
Volatility Spillover Effects in the Moroccan Interbank Sector before and during the COVID-19 Crisis
Authors: Beraich Mohamed , El Main Salah Eddin
Published: June 2022

The objective of this paper is to analyze the volatility spillover effects in the Moroccan interbank sector before and during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis using the DY model. Specifically, this study assesses the impact of the recent COVID-19 outbreak on the transmission of volatility among Moroccan banks listed in the Moroccan stock market. The data sample frequency is daily and extends from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2021, excluding holidays. The empirical results indicate that the volatility spillover index increased during the pandemic crisis. We also found varying degrees of interdependence and spillover effects between the six publicly traded Moroccan banks and the Moroccan banking sector stock index before and during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis.
Imaging Neurodegenerative Metabolism in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis with Hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate MRI
Authors: Bøgh Nikolaj , Laustsen Christoffer , Hansen Esben S. S. , Tankisi Hatice , Bertelsen Lotte B. , Blicher Jakob U.
Published: June 2022

The cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is still unknown, and consequently, early diagnosis of the disease can be difficult and effective treatment is lacking. The pathology of ALS seems to involve specific disturbances in carbohydrate metabolism, which may be diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate is emerging as a technology for the evaluation of pathway-specific changes in the brain’s metabolism. By imaging pyruvate and the lactate and bicarbonate it is metabolized into, the technology is sensitive to the metabolic changes of inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction. In this study, we performed hyperpolarized MRI of a patient with newly diagnosed ALS. We found a lateralized difference in [1-13C]pyruvate-to-[1-13C]lactate exchange with no changes in exchange from [1-13C]pyruvate to 13C-bicarbonate. The 40% increase in [1-13C]pyruvate-to-[1-13C]lactate exchange corresponded with the patient’s symptoms and presentation with upper-motor neuron affection and cortical hyperexcitability. The data presented here demonstrate the feasibility of performing hyperpolarized MRI in ALS. They indicate potential in pathway-specific imaging of dysfunctional carbohydrate metabolism in ALS, an enigmatic neurodegenerative disease.
Use of natural sugar substitutes in the production of oat biscuit
Authors:   All-Russian Research Institute of the Confectionery Industry — Branch of the V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of the RAS, Mazukabzova E.V.
Published: June 2022

The paper proposes two ways to modify the recipes of chocolate products, allowing to increase the nutritional and biological value of the product and reduce the amount of added sugar.
Standardization as a tool for ensuring the quality of confectionery products in modern conditions
Authors: Aleshina L. , Rudenko O.
Published: June 2022

The article provides an overview of the draft standards developed at the All-Russian Research Institute of the Confectionery Industry, in accordance with the National Standardization Program for the current years. The analysis of the significance of the development of the listed standards is carried out and information on the stages of their development is presented.
Efecto del lixiviado a base de residuos de caña de azúcar en las características física, química y estomática del rabanito
Authors: Cruz Nieto Dante Daniel , Gálvez Torres Edwin Guillermo , Castro Bartolomé Héctor Jorge , Castañeda Chirre Elvira Teófila , Morales Alberto Manuel Nicolás , Villarreal Rodríguez Humberto Guillermo
Published: June 2022

Hoy en día darles un valor agregado a los residuos de caña de azúcar se considera una alternativa sostenible en la agricultora. Objetivo es determinar el efecto del lixiviado en las características físicas, químicas y estomáticas para optimizar el rendimiento de rabanito. La metodología se basa en la investigación aplicada; por lo que, se empleó el Diseño de Bloques Completamente al Azar que constó de 3 bloques y 5 tratamientos estos fueron T1 = 0, T2 = 2 l, T3 = 3 l, T4 = 4 l y T5 = 5 l de lixiviado /200 l de agua/ha, se aplicaron a 15 días después de la siembra. Se evaluaron las características físicas de planta, análisis de hoja e índice estomático. Obtenidos los datos se procesaron mediante análisis de varianza y Duncan. Se determinó que T4 destacó en longitud de planta con 31.87 cm, diámetro ecuatorial con 3.84 cm, peso de planta con 36.39 g, rendimiento con 10.16 tn/ha e índice estomático con 39.13 %, pero T5 incrementó oxígeno, calcio, silicio y aluminio. Se concluye que, no hubo efecto de dosis en las características físicas, se incrementó la concentración de nutrientes e índice estomático en T4, lo cual destacó en rendimiento.
Competencias genéricas durante la educación virtual
Authors: Sánchez-Chávez Valentina , Cubas-Díaz Maribel , Venegas-Claros Juana María Luisa , Rodríguez Salazar Julio Gustavo
Published: June 2022

El año 2021 en Perú se continúa empleando la educación virtual, la cual se implementó un año antes debido al confinamiento obligatorio, que generó la pandemia del COVID-19, este contexto exigió adaptarse a la nueva normalidad y encontrar soluciones creativas; una alternativa pudo ser en las instituciones educativas emplear el pensamiento de diseño, una metodología centrada en la persona que mediante la innovación busca soluciones creativas, el objetivo formulado fue demostrar la incidencia del pensamiento de diseño en las competencias genéricas durante la educación virtual, en la metodología se utilizó el enfoque cuantitativo con diseño descriptivo aplicativo, el estudio fue aplicado a un población de 90 estudiantes de secundaria, el procesamiento estadístico de los resultados permitió concluir que existió incidencia entre el pensamiento de diseño en las competencias genéricas durante la educación virtual.
Las nuevas formas de comunicación en la educación actual en los entornos virtuales
Authors: Ibarra Freire Marta , Mendoza Carrera Jefferson , Zambrano Burgos Magyuri Mariela , Cordero Alvarado Narcisa Isabel
Published: June 2022

El objetivo de la investigación centra su interés en las nuevas formas de comunicación en la educación actual dispuesta en entornos virtuales de una institución educativa del sector rural del cantón Marcelino Maridueña, período lectivo 2020-2021. Para la obtención de los resultados, se empleó una tipología investigativa descriptiva con enfoque mixto, de carácter transversal, de diseño no experimental, apoyados de los métodos analítico-sintético e inductivo-deductivo. Como técnica de recolección de datos se empleó la encuesta y como instrumento el cuestionario aplicado a una muestra tipo no probabilístico por conveniencia conformada por 79 escolares de Educación Básica Superior. Los resultados evidenciaron la presencia de una comunicación virtual de tipo síncrona y asíncrona, teniendo como herramientas que facilitan la situación comunicativa en ambas modalidades: el chat, los foros, videos educativos, video conferencias, los wikis, blogs y con un nivel alto de usabilidad de WhatsApp. El estudio concluye que, las herramientas empleadas tienen como medio el uso de recursos educativos digitales para el aprendizaje y trabajo colaborativo.
Estrategias metacognitivas en el pensamiento crítico de estudiantes universitarios de Arquitectura, Lima-Perú
Authors: Medina Manrique Claudia Adriana
Published: June 2022

La presente investigación proporciona una referencia de la utilidad de las estrategias metacognitivas para el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje en universitarios. Su objetivo es detectar la influencia de las estrategias metacognitivas en el pensamiento crítico en alumnos del segundo ciclo de la Facultad de Arquitectura de la Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. El estudio presenta un enfoque cuantitativo, diseño transversal, no experimental y correlacional causal. La población estuvo constituida por 75 alumnos del segundo ciclo de Arquitectura, en el que se empleó un muestro no probabilístico y utilizaron encuestas para estimar las variables considerando la escala de Likert; se definió la confiabilidad mediante el cálculo de Alfa de Cronbach. Los resultados indicaron una puntuación Wald de 9,158 > 4r y un p-valor de ,002 < ?: 0,05; por lo cual se confirma que las estrategias metacognitivas influyen sobre el pensamiento crítico de los alumnos de la Facultad de Ingeniería de la Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería.
Implicancias del incumplimiento del acuerdo reparatorio frente a los derechos de la víctima
Authors: Rabanal Bardales Julio Iván
Published: June 2022

El acuerdo reparatorio, viene sufriendo un quiebre en su aplicación debido al vació normativo encontrado en el inciso 6) del artículo 2º del Nuevo Código Procesal Penal-2004, en lo referente a que no prescribe de manera taxativa el procedimiento a seguir cuando se incumple las cláusulas del acuerdo Reparatorio. Doctrinalmente existen dos posturas: La primera, cierra la posibilidad de activar la vía penal por encontrarnos ante un acuerdo de carácter privado entre víctima e imputado. La segunda, señala que se debe revocar el acuerdo e instar la acción penal; teniendo como objetivo, analizar el procedimiento correcto que se debe seguir ante el incumplimiento del acuerdo de voluntades pactadas en el Acta de Acuerdo Reparatorio suscrito en sede fiscal, constituyendo la investigación en cualitativa con diseño fenomenológico, a través de la cual, se concluyó que, una vez aplicado el acuerdo reparatorio, no se podrá incoar la acción penal.
Una visión de la Prisión Preventiva en Latinoamérica desde los Derechos Constitucionales
Authors: Falcón Ore Marlene Anyela
Published: June 2022

Este artículo discute los efectos que tiene la Prisión Preventiva desde los Derechos Constitucionales, respecto a la coerción personal que afecta a la libertad, mal utilizada en varios de los países de Latinoamérica. La prisión preventiva implica una medida cautelar que restringe la libertad la cal muchas veces no es aplicada con arreglo a los principios constitucionales. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo identificar criterios de vulneración desde aplicación de la prisión preventiva a la libertad, a un juicio previo y a un debido proceso recabando información científica relativa a la prisión preventiva y los derechos constitucionales, disponibles en base de datos científica abierta. La metodología empleada estuvo centrada en el enfoque cualitativo descriptivo, de método inductivo y de revisión. Para finalizar se desprende que la aplicación de la prisión preventiva viene vulnerando derechos constitucionales, tan es así que el derecho a la libertad, por lo general viene siendo conculcado sin la observancia de juicio previo ni debido proceso, en tal sentido, su aplicación es indiscriminada, sin observancia de su naturaleza provisional y excepcional.
THE EFFECT OF AMOUNT OF DATA ON RESULTS OF ACCURACY VALUE OF C4.5 ALGORITHM ON STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT INDEX DATA
Authors: Sunardi Anton , Rusli Sienny , Juliane Christina
Published: June 2022

Of the many academic data, data in the form of an achievement index needs to be used in-depth so that it does not become a display of numbers and information only. This achievement index evaluation data reflects the educational process students and teaching staff carries out in an educational process. This study aims to measure the accuracy of data mining processing based on differences in test data by analyzing the C4.5 algorithm using RapidMiner as a data processing tool and determining the decisions students can make and academic institutions in developing study strategies and educational curricula to be maximized. The data processing is carried out by classifying the student achievement index data at a private university using data analysis test equipment. The data source comes from kaggle.com, which consists of 1687 data that have been processed and processed. The conclusion from the results of this study is that the amount of data turns out to have a significant influence on the accuracy value of the C4.5 algorithm, where an accuracy rate of 91.69% is obtained from the test results of 1687 data with four main attributes, namely IPK1, IPK2, IPK3, IPK4 and correctly or not as a label.
Profitabilitas, Corporate Social Responbility dan Kinerja Keuangan terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Dimoderasi oleh Ukuran Perusahaan
Authors: Pondrinal Muhammad , Suryadi Dodi , Kumbara Vicky Brama
Published: June 2022

This study aims to determine how big the discussion of the influence of profitability, disclosure of corporate social responsibility and financial performance on firm value with firm size as a moderating variable in manufacturing companies in 2015-2019. The method of data collection is through ICMD and BEI sites and literature studies. The analytical method used is multiple regression analysis. The results obtained based on the partial test (t test) obtained: (a) Profitability partially has a significant effect on firm value (b) CSR partially has a significant effect to firm value (c) partially significant effect on firm value (d) profitability, CSR and firm performance partially significant effect on firm value (e) profitability partially has a significant effect on firm value with firm size as a moderating variable (f ) CSR partially has a significant effect on firm value with firm size as a moderating variable (g) firm performance partially has a significant effect on firm value with firm size as a moderating variable (h) profitability, CSR and performance The company's work partially has a significant effect on firm value with firm size as a moderating variable. Finally, the author suggests that the Manufacturing Company can maximize every existing management division so that the company's performance becomes better and is ogled by investors and potential investors.
HOMOLOGÍA DE MAPAS DE HABA Y CHÍCHARO CON LA ESPECIE MODELO Medicago truncatula MEDIANTE MARCADORES STS
Authors: Díaz-Ruiz Ramón , Román-Del Castillo Belén , Sátovic Zlatko , Cubero-Salmerón José Ignacio , Torres-Romero Ana
Published: June 2022

La presencia de regiones conservadas en especies diferentes (sintenia) permite identificar genes o regiones del genoma involucrados en funciones similares. Así, un marcador estrechamente ligado a un carácter presente en una especie lo podría estar en todas las especies donde amplifique ese marcador. La investigación tuvo como objetivo amplificar marcadores STS (Sequence Tagged Sites) funcionales provenientes de la especie modelo Medicago truncatula y de Pisum sativum, en Vicia faba, encontrar polimorfismos mediante enzimas de restricción e incluirlos en su mapa genético, para determinar posibles homologías entre los genomios de estas especies. Para ello, se utilizó una población F6 compuesta por 165 líneas derivadas del cruzamiento Vf6xVf136. Se analizaron 57 iniciadores STS, 37 específicos de M. truncatula y 20 de P. sativum. El mapeo de los STS que mostraron variación se hizo con el programa MAPMAKER V2.0. Aunque se obtuvo una buena amplificación en 10 STS de M. truncatula y seis de P. sativum, sólo cinco mostraron polimorfismo, cuatro de M. truncatula y uno de P. sativum. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron deducir que el Subgrupo I.A del cromosoma 1 en V. faba es homólogo al GL05 de M. truncatula, debido a la localización del STS MTU04. El PCT ubicado en el subgrupo I.B del cromosoma 1 indica homología con el GL04 de M. truncatula. La ubicación de los marcadores NPAC y AATC en el subgrupo II.A del cromosoma 2, demuestra homología con el GL03 de M. truncatula y P. sativum. Finalmente, el VBP1 ubicado en el cromosoma 5 muestra correspondencia con el GL07 de M. truncatula. Los resultados representan un avance en los estudios de sintenia realizados entre estas especies que serán corroborados al disponer de mayor número de marcadores estándar distribuidos en sus genomas.
POLÍTICAS PARA MEJORAR LA COMPETITIVIDAD DE LA PRODUCCIÓN DE MAÍZ Y FRIJOL EN MÉXICO
Authors: García-Salazar José Alberto , Rodríguez-Licea Gabriela , Sáenz-Torres Abelardo , Rebollar-Rebollar Samuel
Published: June 2022

Un problema que actualmente enfrenta la producción nacional de maíz (Zea mays L.) y frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) en México es la pérdida de competitividad frente a las importaciones. Para el año 2008 se espera que la producción nacional sólo abastezca 72.7 y 87.5 % del consumo nacional de esas especies, y que las importaciones satisfagan al resto. Con la finalidad de determinar los factores que podrían revertir la tendencia anterior, se usó un modelo de equilibrio espacial e intertemporal para los dos cultivos. Los resultados indican que un arancel de 30 % y una disminución en los costos de transporte y producción en 30 %, respecto a los niveles observados en el periodo 1998-2000, aumentarían la producción nacional de maíz al grado de abastecer 99.1 % del consumo nacional. Un arancel de 27 % sobre el precio internacional y una disminución de 30 y 10 %, respecto a los niveles observados en el periodo 2001-2003, en los costos de transporte y producción, respectivamente, permitirían lograr la autosuficiencia de frijol.
CARACTERIZACIÓN DE VARIEDADES DE MAÍZ MEDIANTE 15N COMO MARCADOR EN TRES ETAPAS FENOLÓGICAS
Authors: Bayardo-Parra Rubén , Cigales-Rivero María Remedios , Lorenzana-Salazar José Gonzalo , Urquiaga Segundo
Published: June 2022

El maíz (Zea mays L.) posee una amplia base genética como resultado de los múltiples procesos de selección, adaptación y manejo. Una característica importante de los genotipos es su patrón de distribución del nitrógeno derivado del fertilizante (Nddf). En este trabajo se estudió la distribución de Nddf de dos variedades de maíz, mediante el isótopo 15N como marcador. Los resultados mostraron que la distribución del nitrógeno en la planta varió con la época de aplicación del fertilizante. Cuando la aplicación se hizo en la etapa de emergencia de la segunda hoja y en la de inicio de la floración masculina, las variedades mostraron diferencias significativas, pero no así cuando se aplicó en la siembra.
CARACTERIZACIÓN MORFOLÓGICA DE Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) KUNTH NATIVA DE CHURUMUCO, MICHOACÁN, MÉXICO
Authors: Bayuelo-Jiménez Jeannette S. , Lozano-Rico Julio César , Ochoa Iván E.
Published: June 2022

En este estudio se caracterizaron 60 genotipos de changunga o nanche [Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) Kunth] nativos del municipio de Churumuco, Michoacán, con base en parámetros morfológicos cualitativos y cuantitativos, que se analizaron mediante análisis de conglomerados y componentes principales. Se detectaron tres grupos con 18, 37 y 5 genotipos, respectivamente. Las variables de altura del arbusto, peso, longitud y diámetro del fruto, peso del mesocarpio, peso y espesor del endocarpio, acidez, sólidos solubles y proteína fueron las más importantes para diferenciar los grupos. Los cuatro primeros componentes principales (CP1 al CP4) explicaron 83 % de la variación acumulada entre los grupos. El peso del fruto, peso del mesocarpio, peso del endocarpio y proteína fueron las características morfológicas dominantes en los cuatro componentes principales, por tanto, son las variables más importantes para usarse como criterio de selección de genotipos de changunga con frutos de uniforme y mayor calidad para consumo en fresco o productos procesados. Estas observaciones proveen el primer estudio sobre la diversidad morfológica de frutos de changunga y su potencial para producción en el Estado de Michoacán, México.
RENDIMIENTO Y CALIDAD DE FORRAJE DE KENAF Y SORGO NERVADURA CAFÉ EN UNICULTIVO Y EN ASOCIACIÓN CON MAÍZ
Authors: Reta-Sánchez David Guadalupe , Serrato-Corona J. Santos , Cueto-Wong José Antonio , Santamaría-Cesar Jesús , Chávez-González Juan Francisco José , Paredes-Rubio Jaime Isaías Romero
Published: June 2022

El kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) y el sorgo (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) de nervadura café presentan características de adaptación y calidad de forraje de potencial importancia para la Comarca Lagunera. En este estudio se evaluó el rendimiento y calidad de forraje, en unicultivo y en asociación de las variedades de kenaf ‘Tainung 2’ y ‘Everglades 41’, el híbrido de maíz (Zea mays L.) ‘P-3025W’ y el sorgo híbrido de nervadura café ‘Silo Master Bar100’. El estudio se hizo en el Campo Experimental La Laguna del INIFAP (Matamoros, Coahuila, México) durante el verano de 2003. Se determinó el rendimiento de materia seca (MS), calidad de forraje en términos de proteína cruda (PC), fibra detergente neutro (FDN), fibra detergente ácido (FDA) y distribución de MS en los órganos aéreos de la planta. El rendimiento de MS del kenaf (6920 a 7653 kg ha-1) fue significativamente menor que el de maíz (13179 kg ha-1) y el de sorgo (10629 kg ha-1). En calidad de forraje, el kenaf tuvo un mayor contenido de PC que maíz, sin embargo su valor de FDA fue mayor, lo cual sugiere que presentó una menor proporción de fibra potencialmente digestible que maíz. La asociación de maíz con kenaf no presentó ventajas en rendimiento y calidad de forraje en relación a maíz unicultivo, mientras en la asociación entre maíz y sorgo el valor de FDA disminuyó en 5 % respecto a sorgo unicultivo. En la asociación el rendimiento de MS del kenaf se redujo entre 70 y 76 %, mientras que en sorgo el rendimiento disminuyó en 61 %. En maíz el rendimiento de MS se redujo entre 21 y 26 % en asociación con kenaf y 41 % en asociación con sorgo.
RENDIMIENTO DE MAÍZ FORRAJERO EN RESPUESTA A FERTILIZACIÓN NITROGENADA Y DENSIDAD DE POBLACIÓN
Authors: Cueto-Wong José Antonio , Reta-Sánchez David Guadalupe , Barrientos-Ríos José Luis , González-Cervantes Guillermo , Salazar-Sosa Enrique
Published: June 2022

En este estudio se determinó el efecto de la densidad de población y dosis de fertilización nitrogenada sobre el rendimiento y eficiencia de uso de nitrógeno en maíz (Zea mays L.) forrajero durante el ciclo de verano en la Comarca Lagunera, México, mediante dos experimentos, uno en 1998 y otro en 1999. Se estudiaron tres dosis de fertilización nitrogenada (125, 250 y 375 kg ha-1) y cinco densidades de población (9.0, 12.0, 15.0, 18.0 y 21.0 plantas/m2 en 1998; y 8.5, 11.0, 13.5, 16.0 y 18.5 plantas/m2  en 1999). Se midió el rendimiento de materia seca (MS), concentración y extracción de nitrógeno (N) y eficiencia de uso del N. Densidades superiores a 9.0 plantas/m2 no incrementaron significativamente el rendimiento de MS. La eficiencia de uso del N fue mayor en la dosis de 125 kg N ha-1 debido a un mejor aprovechamiento del N disponible en el suelo, el cual fue suficiente para lograr una extracción de 139 a 201.8 kg N ha-1 y permitir la obtención de un rendimiento similar al producido con 250 kg N ha-1. La aplicación de 375 kg N ha-1 incrementó el rendimiento de MS entre 11.8 y 17.5 %, pero redujo la eficiencia de uso de N.
VALIDACIÓN DEL QTL HAP-6A-13 ASOCIADO A PESO DE GRANO EN TRIGOS HARINEROS DE PRIMAVERA
Authors: García-Barrios Guillermo , Dreisigacker Susanne , Sehgal Deepmala , Cruz-Izquierdo Serafín , Lobato-Ortiz Ricardo , Pacheco-Gil Rosa Angela
Published: June 2022

Este estudio se realizó para validar el locus de carácter cuantitativo (QTL- quantitative trait locus) HAP-6A-13, el cual fue reportado con asociación a peso de grano en trigos harineros de primavera del Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo (CIMMYT). Para realizar la validación se diseñaron dos marcadores de competencia alelo específica (KASP- kompetitive allele specific PCR) para los polimorfismos de un solo nucleótido (SNP) T/C y A/G integrados en el QTL. La asociación de los marcadores KASP con el peso de mil granos y rendimiento se verificó mediante estudio de asociación del genoma completo (GWAS) en cuatro colecciones de trigo. Los dos marcadores KASP mostraron asociación significativa con el peso de mil granos y rendimiento (P ≤ 0.05); adicionalmente, se generaron 10 familias endogámicas heterogéneas (HIF-heterogeneous inbred families) y se evaluó el peso de mil granos, rendimiento y otros caracteres morfométricos del grano. En contraste con los resultados de GWAS, en las evaluaciones de las HIF el efecto del QTL HAP-6A-13 fue significativo (P ≤ 0.05) sólo en una HIF para peso de mil granos y en tres HIF para longitud de grano, lo que demuestra la dificultad de validar un QTL de efecto menor en trigo.
PRODUCCIÓN DE CALABACITA CON Y SIN POLINIZACIÓN MANUAL EN CONDICIONES DE CASA MALLA
Authors: Román-Román Leonardo , Ayala-Tafoya Felipe , Parra-Delgado Juan Martín , Díaz-Valdés Tomás , López-Orona Carlos Alfonso , Velázquez-Alcaraz Teresa de Jesús
Published: June 2022

La agricultura protegida promueve mejores condiciones de crecimiento para maximizar la producción de cultivos, la calidad del producto y la eficiencia en el uso de recursos. La polinización influye en la calidad o cantidad del rendimiento y su adecuado manejo puede contribuir a la obtención de rendimientos sostenibles. El presente estudio se llevó a cabo con el objetivo de conocer la influencia de la polinización manual sobre el crecimiento de plantas y rendimiento de frutos de cultivares comerciales de calabacita (Cucurbita pepo) bajo condiciones de casa malla. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques completos al azar con un arreglo factorial 2 × 10 (dos tipos de polinización y 10 cultivares) con seis repeticiones. Cinco de los cultivares de calabacita fueron del tipo Gray zucchini (Chabela, HMX586429, Aurora, Macaria y Hurakan) y cinco del tipo Green zucchini (Prestige, Ebano, Verona, Jacobo y Torino); éstos fueron cultivados con polinización manual de flores (CP) y sin polinización manual (SP). El cultivo sin polinización manual ocasionó incrementos en altura de plantas (SP/HMX586429: 196.7 cm), diámetro de tallo (SP/Ebano: 20.4 mm), índice de área foliar (SP/Ebano: 3.5 m2 m-2), peso seco de planta (SP/HMX586429: 425.7 g) y rendimiento para mercado nacional (SP/Aurora: 24.9 t ha-1), mientras que con polinización manual hubo incremento en el cuajado de frutos (CP/Verona, CP/Jacobo y CP/ Torino: 100 %), diámetro de fruto (CP/Hurakan: 52.3 mm), longitud de fruto (CP/Verona: 204 mm), peso de fruto (CP/Jacobo: 263.2 g), rendimiento total (CP/HMX586429: 79.7 t ha-1) y rendimiento con calidad de exportación (CP/ HMX586429: 74.1 t ha-1). Aún sin polinización manual, desde 4.9 (SP/Aurora) hasta 52.1 % (SP/Torino) de los frutos pudieron alcanzar el tamaño y la forma comercializables.