bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Increased susceptibility to kainate‐induced seizures in a mouse model of tuberous sclerosis complex: Importance of sex and circadian cycle
Authors: Pais Mariana L. , Martins João , Castelo‐Branco Miguel , Gonçalves Joana
Published: July 2024

Objective

Comorbidity of epilepsy and autism in tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2) is very frequent, but the link between these conditions is still poorly understood. To study neurological problems related to autism, the scientific community has been using an animal model of TSC2, Tsc2+/− mice. However, it is still unknown whether this model has the propensity to exhibit increased seizure susceptibility. Further, the importance of sex and/or the circadian cycle in this biological process has never been addressed. This research aimed to determine whether male and female Tsc2+/− mice have altered seizure susceptibility at light and dark phases.

Methods

We assessed seizure susceptibility and progression in a Tsc2+/− mouse model using the chemical convulsant kainic acid (KA), a potent agonist of the AMPA/kainate class of glutamate receptors. Both male and female animals at adult age were evaluated during non‐active and active periods. Seizure severity was determined by integrating individual scores per mouse according to a modified Racine scale. Locomotor behavior was monitored during control and after KA administration.

Results

We found increased seizure susceptibility in Tsc2+/− mice with a significant influence of sex and circadian cycle on seizure onset, progression, and behavioral outcomes. While, compared to controls, Tsc2+/− males overall exhibited higher susceptibility independently of circadian cycle, Tsc2+/− females were more susceptible during the dark and post‐ovulatory phase. Interestingly, sexual dimorphisms related to KA susceptibility were always reported during light phase independently of the genetic background, with females being the most vulnerable.

Significance

The enhanced susceptibility in the Tsc2 mouse model suggests that other neurological alterations, beside brain lesions, may be involved in seizure occurrence for TSC. Importantly, our work highlighted the importance of considering biological sex and circadian cycle for further studies of TSC‐related epilepsy research.

Plain Language Summary

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare genetic disorder. It causes brain lesions and is linked to epilepsy, intellectual disability, and autism. We wanted to investigate epilepsy in this model. We found that these mice have more induced seizures than control animals. Our results show that these mice can be used in future epilepsy research for this disorder. We also found that sex and time of day can influence the results. This must be considered in this type of research.
A review on the current status of dye‐sensitized solar cells: Toward sustainable energy
Authors: Korir Benjamin K. , Kibet Joshua K. , Ngari Silas M.
Published: July 2024

Dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are among the most attractive third‐generation photovoltaic technologies due to their low toxicity, versatility, roll‐to‐roll compatibility, ultralightness, and attractive power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). However, their transition from the laboratory scale to the industrial scale has been slow due to their inability to compete with silicon‐based cells in terms of efficiencies and stabilities. Research activities on DSSCs have been ongoing for several decades to improve the efficiency and cost‐effectiveness of photovoltaics but these attempts are still inadequate. Their chemical and physical properties must be refined to increase efficiency and commercialization. This review provides a concise overview of the recent advances taking place in the DSSCs research field, including molecular engineering technologies, the quest for superior carrier transport materials (CTMs), efficient sensitizers, and better electrodes. Also, this review compiles knowledge of the historical development of DSSCs, the current advancements such as control of surface morphologies, doping strategies, modeling and simulation, characterization, and recent cutting‐edge research happenings in photovoltaic research. Finally, nanostructured materials that have been used as photoelectrodes and the practical applications of DSSCs in internet of things (IoT) and portable electronics are examined to identify challenges and future advancements. The main aim of this work is to be a pathfinder for scientific researchers in this field exploring various energy harvesting materials and optimization strategies of different components of DSSCs.
Supporting parents in facilitating computational thinking for young children through loose parts construction play
Authors: Lim Cynthia Ai Ming , Kaveri G , Li Jiayao , Choy Mian Yee
Published: July 2024

Computational thinking (CT) as an essential problem‐solving and thinking skill for all students has been the focus of much interest from education systems all over the world (Chen et al., 2023). Unplugged activities like constructing and play with loose parts provide a low‐cost solution to naturally weave in learning of CT skills for young children at home and formal learning environments. Such activities provide opportunities particularly for children from economically disadvantaged backgrounds to access learning of CT skills so they will not be left behind. This article describes the pilot study of a programme that introduced an open‐ended construction play activity using loose‐parts to parent–child dyads from economically disadvantaged backgrounds, with the aim to support parents in facilitating play interactions in ways to promote CT skills for their children using question cards. The cards contained questions that parents could use to foster CT skills like decomposition and algorithmic thinking in their play interactions. Focus group discussions were held before and after the play sessions and parents in the study reported more confidence in supporting their children in play and learning of 21st century skills of teamwork, collaboration and CT skills. The results demonstrate the potential of unplugged pedagogy for promoting CT skills for young children especially in the home environment through engagement with families, with implications for home–school collaborative learning environments and parent education. Recommendations for practice and research are provided accordingly.
Exogenous spermidine treatment delays the softening of postharvest blueberry fruit by inhibiting the accumulation of abscisic acid
Authors: Dai Hongyu , Li Jianan , Tao Jiaqi , Song Zichong , Ji Shujuan , Zhou Xin , Li Meilin , Zhou Qian
Published: July 2024

Fruit softening is one of the main reasons for the loss of fresh blueberry; spermidine (Spd) delays fruit softening to some extent. However, the specific mechanism by which Spd delays fruit softening is not clear. Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a key role in fruit senescence. This study aimed to investigate the effects of exogenous Spd treatment on endogenous ABA accumulation and the softening in postharvest blueberry fruits and identify the key genes in the ABA biosynthesis pathway. Harvested blueberry fruits were immersed in 1.5 mmol L−1 Spd aqueous solution for 10 min. The Spd‐treated fruit showed higher firmness, and lower activities of cell wall metabolism‐related enzymes. Additionally, Spd treatment inhibited the accumulation of endogenous ABA and expression of key genes involved in ABA biosynthesis. The expression of VcNCED3 was significantly negatively correlated with the change in firmness of blueberry fruits. Overexpressing VcNCED3 promotes the accumulation of ABA, thereby exacerbating fruit softening. Therefore, exogenous Spd treatment inhibited the accumulation of ABA by inhibiting the expression of the VcNCED3, thereby delaying the blueberry fruit softening.
Dynamic reliability evaluation of TBM components in tunnel construction
Authors: Xiong Yue , Lin Peng , Xu Zhenhao , Liu Youbo
Published: July 2024

The complex geological conditions in tunnels pose a huge challenge to the reliability of tunnel boring machine (TBM). However, existing reliability studies typically focus on core structures such as cutters and cutterheads, with less consideration given to the rest of the components that frequently fail. In this study, the reliability analysis and dynamic evaluation of TBM components with high failure rates are carried out relying on the Shanxi Central Yellow River Diversion Project. The life distribution and reliability variation characteristics of TBM components under different rock mass classes are investigated in terms of tunnelling time and tunnelling distance as two types of life data indexes. And the life index which is more suitable for the reliability evaluation of TBM components is identified by comparison. On this basis, a dynamic evaluation method for the reliability of TBM components under the condition of multi‐classes surrounding rock is proposed. This method can quickly evaluate the current reliability of TBM components and serve as the basis for preventive maintenance. The results of this study play a certain role in supplementing the reliability research of TBM and also provide a scientific basis for optimizing the design and maintenance strategy of TBM components.
Role of 18F‐FDG PET/CT in the management of head and neck cancer patients with persistent cervical lymphadenopathy following chemoradiation
Authors: Sharma Anu , Quereshy Humzah , Cabrera Claudia I. , Fowler Nicole , Li Shawn , Dorth Jennifer , Thuener Jason E. , Rezaee Rod P. , Tamaki Akina
Published: July 2024

Background

We aim to describe the management and outcomes of patients with persistent lymphadenopathy (LAD) after primary chemoradiation for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) based on post‐treatment PET/CT results.

Methods

Retrospective chart review was conducted of all patients who underwent primary concurrent chemoradiation for HNSCC at a tertiary care center from 2010 to 2022 and had persistent post‐treatment LAD.

Results

Nearly 62% of patients were managed conservatively, and 27.0% underwent neck dissection. PET‐positive patients were more likely to undergo neck dissection than PET‐negative patients (p = 0.042). Positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV) of PET/CT in detecting residual disease in the neck were 48.0% and 73.7%, respectively.

Conclusions

PPV and NPV of PET/CT for detecting residual neck disease in patients with post‐treatment LAD was lower than those of HNSCC patients with and without persistent LAD reported in other studies.
Mixed low‐dimensional metal halide perovskite single crystal for low‐detection‐limit x‐ray detection via oriented ion migration
Authors: Lu Xuefang , Lin Richeng , Ding Ying , Xia Man , Zheng Wei , Huang Feng
Published: July 2024

Low‐dimensional metal halide perovskites exhibit exceptional photoelectronic properties and intrinsic stability, positioning them as a promising class of semiconductor materials for light‐emitting devices and photodetectors. In this work, we present a millimeter‐scale single crystal of mixed low‐dimensional (one‐dimensional–zero‐dimensional [1D–0D]) organic lead iodide with well‐defined crystallinity. The fabricated single‐crystal devices demonstrate high‐sensitivity photoresponse and x‐ray detection performance. By spatially isolating organic molecules to form the mixed 1D–0D crystal structure, ion migrations is effectively suppressed, resulting in a remarkable three orders of magnitude reduction in the dark current (56.4 pA @200 V) of the single‐crystal devices. Furthermore, by enhancing the background characteristics, we achieved an impressive low x‐ray detection limit of 154.5 nGys−1 in the single‐crystal device. These findings highlight that the mixed 1D–0D organic lead iodide configuration efficiently controls ion migration within the crystal structure, offering a promising avenue for realizing high‐performance perovskite‐based photodetectors and x‐ray detectors.

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A framework of survivability model virtualized wireless sensor networks for IOT‐assisted wireless sensor network
Authors: Sukhadeo Bere Sachin , Dhurgude Sarika Dilip , Sinkar Yogita Deepak , Athawale Shashikant V.
Published: July 2024

Using traditional non‐virtualized Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) efficiently is difficult due to the embedded applications, which make the sensor nodes inaccessible to other applications. The proposed study considered both the node‐level and network‐level virtualization of wireless sensor networks to examine dynamic virtual network embedding. WSNs can leverage their shared sensing capabilities through network virtualization. Infrastructure providers earn more revenue by mapping more virtual network embedding (VNE) onto their substrate networks. VNE must therefore improve its acceptance ratio. The proposed RLE‐SVNE is demonstrated to be more efficient than state‐of‐the‐art in respect to acceptance, recovery, failure recovery delay, and revenue cost through simulation results. It compares the RLF‐SVNE method with C‐SVNE and N‐SVNE to demonstrate its superiority.
Bencaosome [16:0 Lyso PA+XLGB28‐sRNA] improves osteoporosis by simultaneously promoting osteogenesis and inhibiting osteoclastogenesis in mice
Authors: Du Xinyi , Guo Shaoting , Mu Xuemeng , Mei Song , Yang Rui , Zhang Hengyan , Jiang Chengyu , Zhang Jia
Published: July 2024

Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic metabolic bone disease resulting in reduced bone strength and increased susceptibility to fractures, making it a significant public health and economic problem worldwide. The clinical use of anti‐osteoporosis agents is limited because of their serious side effects or the high cost of long‐term use. The Xianlinggubao (XLGB) formula is an effective traditional Chinese herbal medicine commonly used in orthopedics to treat osteoporosis; however, its mechanism of action remains unclear. In this study, we screened 40 small RNAs derived from XLGB capsules and found that XLGB28‐sRNA targeting TNFSF11 exerted a significant anti‐osteoporosis effect in vitro and in vivo by simultaneously promoting osteogenesis and inhibiting osteoclastogenesis. Oral administration of bencaosome [16:0 Lyso PA+XLGB28‐sRNA] effectively improved bone mineral density and reduced the damage to the bone microstructure in mice. These results suggest that XLGB28‐sRNA may be a novel oligonucleotide drug that promotes osteogenesis and inhibits osteoclastogenesis in mice.
Metastatic melanoma of the gallbladder: A case report and systematic review
Authors: Geng Zhidan , Tang Congyu , Chen Jianfei , Luo Rongkui , Yu Qing , Yuan Haixia
Published: July 2024

We report a case of metastatic melanoma of the gallbladder diagnosed by contrast‐enhanced ultrasound and systematically review the characteristics of transabdominal ultrasound, clinical manifestations, and treatment methods of gallbladder metastatic melanoma in order to provide reference ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of metastatic melanoma of gallbladder.
The relationship between the femoral artery and vastus medialis muscle coverage at the adductor hiatus during medial closed wedge distal femoral osteotomy in valgus knees
Authors: Kawashima Fumiyoshi , Takagi Hiroshi , Kanzaki Koji
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the location where the femoral artery contacts the vastus medialis at the adductor tendon hiatus, which is important when using the subvastus approach in medial closed wedge distal femoral osteotomy. We evaluated the correlation between differences in height, vastus medialis morphology, and lower limb alignment.

Methods

Sixty knees (16 male, 44 female) that underwent plain computer tomography (CT) were included. Using the radiographic hip‐knee‐ankle (HKA) angle as a reference, the knees were divided into three groups of 20 knees: valgus, varus, and neutral. The mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA) and distance from the medial femoral epicondyle to the centre of the femoral head (D1) were measured on full‐length weight‐bearing anteroposterior radiographs. The first cross‐section on CT where the vastus medialis muscle and femoral artery connect was defined as the cross‐sectional image for measurement. The direct distance from the medial epicondyle to the measured cross‐sectional image (D2) was measured in the coronal view. The ratio of the vastus medialis muscle width to the femoral posterior wall width was defined as the vastus medialis muscle coverage ratio (CR). Correlations between each measurement and group were evaluated.

Results

There was a positive correlation between D1 and D2 in the overall, neutral, and varus groups; however, there was no correlation in the valgus group. A positive correlation was observed in terms of the relationship between CR and D2 in the overall and valgus groups. In addition, there was no statistically significant difference in the correlation between the mLDFA and D2, with patient height as a control variable overall and in all groups.

Conclusion

In the valgus group, distance to the adductor hiatus was correlated with vastus medialis coverage. Overhang of the vastus medialis may be an important influencing factor of femoral and popliteus artery position.

Level of Evidence

Level III, retrospective cohort study.
Local version of Vizing's theorem for multigraphs
Authors: Conley Clinton T. , Grebík Jan , Pikhurko Oleg
Published: July 2024

Extending a result of Christiansen, we prove that every multigraph admits a proper edge colouring which is local, that is, for every edge with end‐points , where (resp. ) denotes the degree of a vertex (resp. the maximum edge multiplicity at ). This is derived from a local version of the Fan Equation.
The nuclear matrix protein HNRNPU restricts hepatitis B virus transcription by promoting OAS3‐based activation of host innate immunity
Authors: Zeng Qiqi , Ren Yi , Wang Yanyan , Yang Jiaxin , Qin Yi , Yang Lijuan , Zheng Xinrui , Huang Ailong , Fan Hui
Published: July 2024

Heterogeneous nuclear protein U (HNRNPU) plays a pivotal role in innate immunity by facilitating chromatin opening to activate immune genes during host defense against viral infection. However, the mechanism by which HNRNPU is involved in Hepatitis B virus (HBV) transcription regulation through mediating antiviral immunity remains unknown. Our study revealed a significant decrease in HNRNPU levels during HBV transcription, which depends on HBx‐DDB1‐mediated degradation. Overexpression of HNRNPU suppressed HBV transcription, while its knockdown effectively promoted viral transcription, indicating HNRNPU as a novel host restriction factor for HBV transcription. Mechanistically, HNRNPU inhibits HBV transcription by activating innate immunity through primarily the positive regulation of the interferon‐stimulating factor 2′‐5′‐oligoadenylate synthetase 3, which mediates an ribonuclease L‐dependent mechanism to enhance innate immune responses. This study offers new insights into the host immune regulation of HBV transcription and proposes potential targets for therapeutic intervention against HBV infection.
Diurnal and seasonal dynamics of the canopy‐layer urban heat island of Kuwait
Authors: AlKhaled Saud R. , Brazel Anthony J. , Balling Robert C.
Published: July 2024

This study examines the temporal and spatial variability of near‐surface air temperature and the canopy layer urban heat island (UHICL) of Kuwait City. Observations collected at 12 locations across the country of Kuwait and for the period 2010–2022 are analysed on an hourly and 3‐hourly basis to provide monthly and diurnal insights of the city's UHICL characteristics. Research on Kuwait's UHICL was first conducted by Nasrallah et al. (International Journal of Climatology, 10, 401–405). Results presented here have been afforded the benefit of additional stations and more extensive data compared with the earlier study. Mean positive UHICL intensities, ranging from 1.1°C to 3.8°C at night, are observed consistently across all months, owing to the prevalence of clear skies from winter to summer. Negative UHICL intensities, indicating a typical daytime urban cool island (UCICL), are most prominent on summer days, exhibiting a mean hourly magnitude range between 0.6°C and 2.6°C that extends into the early parts of the evening. Heat and cool island effects are maintained up to wind speeds approaching 10 m s−1 at the urban periphery. A coastal site near the city demonstrates strong influences of the Arabian Gulf temperatures and associated sea and land breeze effects on UHICL development. The results can be used for comparison with other desert locales, in the evaluation of urban climate models, for urban planning policies and improving local weather forecasts. This study honours in memoriam Dr. Hassan Nasrallah, who produced the first UHICL study in the Arab World.
In vitro comparison of zinc‐based, chlorhexidine, and essential oil mouth rinses
Authors: Lallier Thomas E. , Goldfarb Brian S. , Maney Pooja
Published: July 2024

Background

Chlorhexidine (CHX)‐based mouth rinses are frequently prescribed following periodontal surgeries. A more recently available brand of zinc‐based mouth rinses advertises one of its mouth rinses as a substitute for chlorhexidine. The purpose of this study was to evaluate, in vitro, the effects of this brand of zinc‐based mouth rinses on cell survival, cell motility, and gene expression of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs).

Methods

HGFs were exposed to essential oil (EO), CHX, and three types of one brand of zinc‐based mouth rinses designed to treat breath malodor (ZnA), dry mouth (ZnB), and gingivitis (ZnC). Each mouth rinse was tested over a range of concentrations for its effects on HGF survival and motility. Gene expression of cytokines, interleukins, and growth factors were evaluated via reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), as a means to assess potential influences on inflammation and wound healing.

Results

Cell survival was significantly decreased for CHX and ZnC at 10% dilutions (p < 0.05). For all time points, cells exposed to ZnC displayed the greatest reduction in cell motility (p < 0.05). The various mouth rinses examined differentially altered the expression of growth factor transcripts. ZnC particularly enhanced the expression of BMP‐2 and FGF‐2.

Conclusion

ZnC was more cytotoxic and inhibited cell motility to a greater extent than any of the other mouth rinses. Therefore, using ZnC as an alternative to CHX could potentially have negative effects on wound healing after periodontal surgery. However, further investigation is required to confirm the clinical relevance of these in vitro findings.

PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY

One type of zinc‐based mouth rinse designed to replace chlorhexidine (often prescribed after oral surgeries) demonstrated the greatest oral cell death and reduction in cell movement when compared to other zinc‐based mouth rinses. These zinc‐based mouth rinses also reduced the amounts of proteins involved in regulating inflammation, potentially reducing the destruction of bone holding the teeth in place. They also changed the amounts of several molecules involved in tissue healing. It is unknown if this will speed or slow the healing of the soft tissues of the mouth.
Phenanthridium‐based conjugated probe for selective detection of anionic surfactant
Authors: Jamuna Kannan , Sebastian Amal Tom , Subbiah Senthilmurugan , Selvapalam Narayanan , Shanmugam Sivakumar
Published: July 2024

The quaternary ammonium complex of (2‐(methylthio)indeno[1,2,3‐gh]phenanthridin‐1‐yl)(phenyl)methanone (QAC) has been employed as a new and simple fluorescence sensor for detection of the anionic surfactant; sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), through fluorescence light‐up. The generation of electrostatic interaction and associated intermolecular arrangement between the probe and anionic surfactant is responsible for the fluorescence enhancement and subsequent selectivity towards the anionic surfactant. Concurrently, the probe was unaltered by the presence of cationic and non‐ionic systems. Utilizing this property, we were able to construct a facile and efficient method for the detection of anionic surfactants, featuring LOD values up to 1.1 μM concentrations in dimethylsulfoxide solvent. The light‐up detection was also confirmed via lifetime studies, with superior increments in average lifetime decay values (0.33–2.7 ns). The practical/real‐time applications of probe QAC as a sensor have also been investigated and successfully demonstrated via its ability to detect anionic surfactants from commercially available home usage products.
Freeze–thaw stability of high‐internal‐phase emulsion stabilized by chickpea protein microgel particles and its application in surimi
Authors: Xu Xiaoyun , Fan Liuping , Li Jinwei
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Future applications of high‐internal‐phase emulsions (HIPEs) are highly regarded, but poor freeze–thaw stability limits their utilization in frozen products. This study aimed to characterize the structure of chickpea protein microgel particles (HCPI) induced by NaCl and to assess its impact on the freeze–thaw stability of HIPEs.

RESULTS

The results showed that NaCl induction (0–400 mmol L−1) increased the surface hydrophobicity (175.9–278.9) and interfacial adsorbed protein content (84.9%–91.3%) of HCPI. HIPEs prepared with HCPI induced by high concentration of NaCl exhibited superior flocculation index and centrifugal stability, and their freeze–thaw stability was better than that of natural chickpea protein. The increase in NaCl concentration reduced the droplet aggregation and coalescence index of the freeze–thaw emulsions, diminishing the precipitation of oil from the emulsion. Linear and nonlinear rheology showed that the strengthened gel structure (higher G′ values) restricted water flow and counteracted the damage to the interfacial film by ice crystals at 100–400 mmol L−1 NaCl, thus improving the viscoelasticity of the freeze–thaw emulsions. Finally, the thawing loss of surimi gel with HCPI‐200 HIPE was reduced by 2.04% compared to directly adding oil.

CONCLUSION

This study provided a promising strategy to improve the freeze–thaw stability of HIPEs and reduce the thawing loss of frozen products. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
The zinc absorption of the novel peptide‐Zn complex in Caco‐2 cells: effects of soybean peptides charge and hydrophobicity
Authors: Wang Rongxin , Huang Qing , Zhu Suyin , Xie Cuina , Zeng Qingzhu , Yuan Yang
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

The supplemental effect of zinc depends not only on adequate intake, but also on how efficiently it is absorbed in the small intestine. In the present study, weak hydrophobic peptides (WHP), strong hydrophobic peptides (SHP), positively charged peptides (PCP) and negatively charged peptides (NCP) were isolated from soybean peptides (SP). The peptide‐Zn complexes (PCP‐Zn, NCP‐Zn, WHP‐Zn, SHP‐Zn and SP‐Zn) were prepared to compare their promotion zinc absorption capacity in the Caco‐2 cells monolayers model.

RESULTS

We found that the carboxyl, carbonyl and amino groups in peptide were the primary binding sites of Zn. Compared with zinc sulfate, the peptide‐Zn complexes with different charge and hydrophobic peptides could improve zinc solubility at different pH. NCP‐Zn had a lower Zn‐binding capacity but a higher zinc absorption capacity compared to that of PCP‐Zn in Caco‐2 cells. In addition, the capacity of PCP‐Zn to promote zinc absorption was lower than the control group (SP‐Zn). There were no significant differences in transport rates, retention rates and uptake rates of WHP‐Zn, SHP‐Zn and SP‐Zn. NCP‐Zn could improve the activity of Zn‐related enzymes, and the expression levels of PepT1 and ZnT1 were higher than other peptide‐Zn complexes.

CONCLUSION

The promotion zinc absorption capacity of peptide‐Zn complexes was not completely dependent on the Zn‐binding capacity, but also depended on the charge and hydrophobicity of peptides. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Proteomic analysis of serum in a population‐based cohort did not reveal a biomarker for Modic changes
Authors: Schulze Friederike , Määttä Juhani , Grad Sybille , Heggli Irina , Brunner Florian , Farshad Mazda , Distler Oliver , Karppinen Jaro , Lotz Jeffrey , Dudli Stefan
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Modic changes (MC) are bone marrow lesions of vertebral bones, which can be detected with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) adjacent to degenerated intervertebral discs. Defined by their appearance on T1 and T2 weighted images, there are three interconvertible types: MC1, MC2, and MC3. The inter‐observer variability of the MRI diagnosis is high, therefore a diagnostic serum biomarker complementing the MRI to facilitate diagnosis and follow‐up would be of great value.

Methods

We used a highly sensitive and reproducible proteomics approach: DIA/SWATH‐MS to find serum biomarkers in a subset of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966. Separately, we measured a panel of factors involved in inflammation and angiogenesis to confirm some potential biomarkers published before with an ELISA‐based method called V‐Plex.

Results

We found neither an association between the serum concentrations of the proteins detected with DIA/SWATH‐MS with the presence of MC, nor a correlation with the size of the MC lesions. We did not find any association between the factors measured with the V‐Plex and the presence of MC or their size.

Conclusion

Altogether, our study suggests that a robust and generally usable biomarker to facilitate the diagnosis of MC cannot readily be found in serum.
Ultrasonography of Facial and Submandibular Hidradenitis Suppurativa and Concomitance With Acne Vulgaris
Authors: Wortsman Ximena , Ortiz‐Orellana Gabriela , Valderrama Yessenia , Ferreira‐Wortsman Camila , Reyes Francisco , Herane Maria Isabel
Published: July 2024

Objectives

To describe the ultrasound characteristics of facial and submandibular hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) and detect acne vulgaris (AV) concomitance in these cases.

Methods

We performed a retrospective study of the ultrasound images of patients with facial HS who had been clinically evaluated by dermatologists. The reported ultrasound diagnostic criteria, severity (mSOS‐HS), and activity (US‐HAS) staging of HS were used to categorize the patients. The finding of fragments of hair tracts within the key lesions (dilated hair follicles, pseudocysts, fluid collections, and tunnels) was considered a pivotal sign to discriminate HS from AV. Demographic and morphological analysis of the images were considered.

Results

Thirty‐three patients met the criteria (78.8% male/21.2% female). Of these, the mSOS‐ HS scoring was stage I in 51.5%, stage II in 27.3%, and stage III in 21.2%. Dilation of the hair follicles and the presence of pseudocysts, fluid collections, and tunnels were detected in the HS cases; 63.1% of pseudocysts, 62.4% of tunnels, and 46.2% of fluid collections contained fragments of hair tracts. In all HS cases, there was a key lesion(s) with fragments of hair tracts. Four (12.1%) patients showed concomitant facial HS and acne ultrasound lesions. The acne lesions were pseudocysts without inner hair tract fragments in all cases, and the SOS‐Acne scoring was stage II for all of them.

Conclusion

Facial HS can be detected on ultrasound and shows a morphology similar to that of HS in other corporal regions. In some cases, facial HS could be concomitant with AV. The subclinical ultrasonographic information can support a better management of these cases.
The severity of preoperative bone marrow oedema negatively influences short‐term clinical outcomes following arthroscopic bone marrow stimulation for osteochondral lesions of the talus
Authors: Li Yu‐bin , Fan Xiao‐ze , Zhou Guang‐jin , Su Tong , Cheng Xiang‐yun , Zhao Qiang , Jiang Dong
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to study the effects of the severity of preoperative bone marrow oedema (BME) on the postoperative short‐term outcomes following bone marrow stimulation (BMS) for osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLTs) and to propose a new metric that combines volume and signal density to evaluate BME.

Methods

Sixty‐five patients with symptomatic OLTs (<100 mm2) and preoperative BME, who received BMS in our institution from April 2017 to July 2021 with follow‐ups of 3, 6 and 12 months, were analysed retrospectively. The area, volume and signal value of the BME were collected on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging. The enroled patients were divided into two groups according to the BME index (BMEI), which was defined as the product of oedema relative signal intensity and the relation of oedema volume to total talar volume. Visual analogue scale, American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS), Tegner, Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM)–activities of daily living (ADL) and Sports scores were assessed before surgery and at each follow‐up. The relationship between the scores and the volume, relative signal intensity and BMEI was explored.

Results

Sixty‐five patients with preoperative BME were divided into the mild (n = 33) and severe (n = 32) groups based on the BMEI. A significant difference was found for each score with the general linear model for repeated measures through all follow‐up time points (p < 0.001). For the preoperative and 12‐month postoperative changes of the enroled patients, 53 patients (81.5%) exceeded the minimal clinically important difference of AOFAS and 26 (40.0%) exceeded that of FAAM‐sports in this study. The mild group showed significantly more improvement in AOFAS scores at 12 months (89.6 ± 7.0 vs. 86.2 ± 6.2) and FAAM‐ADL scores at 6 months (83.6 ± 7.6 vs. 79.7 ± 7.7) and 12 months (88.5 ± 8.5 vs. 84.4 ± 7.7) than the severe group (p < 0.05). No significant difference of all the scores between the groups was found at 3 months. No significant correlation was found in each group between BMEI and clinical outcomes.

Conclusion

The severity of the preoperative BME negatively affected short‐term clinical outcomes following arthroscopic BMS for OLTs. Worse clinical outcomes were shown at postoperative 6 and 12 months in patients with a high preoperative BMEI, which could be a favourable parameter for assessing the severity of BME and assist in developing personalised rehabilitation plans and determining the approach and timing of surgery.

Level of Evidence

Level III.
A New Two‐Staged Method for Total Columellar Reconstruction
Authors: Vaena Michel L.H.T. , Alessio Caterina G. , Sicalo Kevin , de Olveira Brito Queiroz Felipe , de Souza Albuquerque Roberta R. , da Silva Danielli R.L.
Published: July 2024

The nasal columella is considered by many to be the most difficult nasal aesthetic subunit to reconstruct, due to its delicate anatomy and central location. Full thickness columellar defects are particularly challenging. Being in the midline of the face, the nasal columella receives vascularization from terminal arterial branches, so adjacent local flaps have limited arcs of rotation or may be too bulky, thus withdrawing the options for reconstruction. Forehead flaps, due to their reliable vascularization and excellent aesthetic result, are the workhorse for reconstructing most nasal defects. However, a low hairline in the forehead may be an obstacle to their use in columellar reconstruction, considering the distal position of the defect. We present a technique designed for total columellar reconstruction using a two‐staged forehead flap in a 9‐year‐old child. The method is particularly useful for patients with a low hairline, avoiding transfer of hair‐bearing skin to the reconstructed columella. Laryngoscope, 2024
Vancomycin‐Loaded Sol–Gel System for In Situ Coating of Artificial Bone to Prevent Surgical Site Infections
Authors: Cui Xin , Wei Tian‐Ci , Guo Lu‐Ming , Xu Guo‐Yang , Zhang Kuo , Zhang Qing‐Shi , Xu Xiong , Wang Gui‐Yuan , Li Litao , Liang Hong‐Wen , Wang Lei , Cui Xu
Published: July 2024

Surgical site infections (SSIs) related to implants have always been a major challenge for clinical doctors and patients. Clinically, doctors may directly apply antibiotics into the wound to prevent SSIs. However, this strategy is strongly associated with experience of doctors on the amount and the location of antibiotics. Herein, an in situ constructable sol–gel system is developed containing antibiotics during surgical process and validated the efficacy against SSIs in beagles. The system involves chitosan (CS), β‐glycerophosphate (β‐GP) and vancomycin (VAN), which can be adsorbed onto porous hydroxyapatite (HA) and form VAN‐CS/β‐GP@HA hydrogel in a short time. The VAN concentration from VAN‐CS/β‐GP@HA hydrogel is higher than minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) at the 21st day in vitro. In an in vivo canine model for the prevention of SSIs in the femoral condyle, VAN‐CS/β‐GP@HA exhibits excellent biocompatibility, antimicrobial properties, and promotion of bone healing. In all, the CS/β‐GP instant sol–gel system is able to in situ encapsulate antibiotics and adhere on artificial bone implants during the surgery, effectively preventing SSIs related to implants.
Archeological analogs for the lifetime prediction of the canister for spent nuclear fuel in the deep geological repository: Part II. Evolution of the corrosion rate over time
Authors: Mukhtar Saqib , Bureš Richard , Lhotka Miloslav , Danielisová Alžběta , Malyková Drahomíra , Březinová Helena , Barčáková Ludmila , Šachlová Šárka , Kašpar Vlastislav , Havlová Václava , Němeček Jiří , Stoulil Jan
Published: July 2024

This work focused on evaluating the evolution of the corrosion product layer and associated corrosion rates on archeological artifacts from 16 sites. Sites with clay soils and maximum waterlogging (pond bottoms and wetlands) were monitored. The corrosion products were evaluated by X‐ray imaging, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, and nanoindentation. Two stages of corrosion attack with slightly different mechanisms were observed. Corrosion rates observed at sites with continuous flooding show average corrosion rates of 0.4–1 μm.a−1. These values demonstrate a minimum service life of the container outer case of 15 × 103 years, which is several times longer than the required lifetime of the outer case.
Polystyrene Brush Evolution by Grafting to Reaction on Deglazed and Not‐Deglazed Silicon Substrates
Authors: Ivaldi Chiara , Ospina Guarin Viviana Maria , Antonioli Diego , Zuccheri Giampaolo , Sparnacci Katia , Gianotti Valentina , Perego Michele , Chiarcos Riccardo , Laus Michele
Published: July 2024

Two model substrates for the grafting to reaction are considered: not‐deglazed silicon, whose surface is coated by a thin oxide layer with reactive silanol groups on its surface; and deglazed silicon, where the oxide layer is removed by treatment with hydrofluoric acid. The reactive polymers are hydroxy‐terminated polystyrenes with molecular weights ranging from 3.9 to 13.9 kg mol⁻1. The grafting to reaction is carried out at different temperatures and for different periods of time on the two different substrates. The thickness and the thermal stability of the resulting brushes are evaluated. Furthermore, the grafting of a highly dispersed system is simulated by blending two polymers with different molecular weights. Although the brush thickness growth is found to be faster on deglazed silicon, the preferential grafting of short chains occurs with equal chain selection propensity on both substrates.
Do high administrative‐level cities promote firm technological innovation? A novel analysis based on patent applications
Authors: Gao Ming , Cifuentes‐Faura Javier , Liu Xiaoqian , Li Han
Published: July 2024

This paper examines the impact of China's administrative hierarchy of cities on firm innovation through the incentive policies that mobilize local governments to promote firm innovation. Using difference‐in‐differences approach, this paper finds that high‐level cities significantly and robustly enhance the number of firm patents. The results also suggest that alleviating firm financing constraints and leveraging human capital advantages are important mechanisms. In addition, high‐level cities mainly facilitate non‐state enterprises and small firms, and the quality of utility model patents was significantly lower and the quality of invention patents was higher in high‐level cities. This paper also presents several policy implications.
Concentration of ground state solutions for critical generalized quasilinear equation with steep potential well
Authors: Chen Yongpeng , Yang Zhipeng
Published: July 2024

In this work, we are looking at the generalized quasilinear Schrödinger equations with critical growth and a steep potential well:

where
and
is an even function and satisfies some suitable conditions (such as
). By using a change of variable and variational methods, for big enough
, the existence of a ground state solution is obtained and its concentration behavior is also discussed.
Analytical solution of fractional oscillation equation with two Caputo fractional derivatives
Authors: Duan Jun‐Sheng , Niu Yan‐Ting
Published: July 2024

Analytical solution of initial value problem for the fractional oscillation equation with two Caputo fractional derivatives
, where the coefficients and orders satisfy
and
, is investigated by using the Laplace transform and complex inverse integral method on the principal Riemann surface. It is proved by using the argument principle that the characteristic equation has a pair of conjugated simple complex roots with a negative real part on the principal Riemann surface under the assumption that
and
are not both integers. Then three fundamental solutions, the unit impulse response, the unit initial displacement response, and the unit initial rate response, are derived analytically. Each of these solutions is expressed into a superposition of a classical damped oscillation decaying exponentially and a real Laplace integration decaying in a negative power law. Finally, the asymptotic behaviors of these analytical solutions for sufficiently large
are determined as monotonous decays in a power of negative exponent.
Nonlocal active sound control for composite regions
Authors: Hu Nan , Utyuzhnikov Sergey
Published: July 2024

In the active sound control problem, additional sound sources, known as control sources, are implemented at the perimeter of a protected domain. The control sources can generate secondary sound inside the shielded domain, which attenuates incoming noise. This leads to an inverse source problem. Such a problem becomes much more complicated if some desired sound is generated inside the protected area. The algorithm, known as nonlocal active sound control, successfully tackles this problem due to the projection property of the nonlocal operators involved. With the application of nonlocal control, noise generated outside the shielded domain is attenuated while the internal component of sound remains unaffected. In the present paper, the approach of nonlocal active sound control is significantly modified to be applicable to composite domains. In the test cases, three different sound propagation patterns are realized such as sound shielded from peers, free propagation, and selective sound cancelation. Numerical simulation is carried out in both frequency and time domains for broadband regimes. The results show that, even with a relatively small number of sensors and control sources, significant noise attenuation can still be achieved for a predetermined communication pattern among individual subdomains.
Shoulder osteoarthritis: A survey of current (2024) UK physiotherapy practice
Authors: Lalande Stacey , Moffatt Maria , Littlewood Chris
Published: July 2024

Background

Shoulder osteoarthritis can cause significant pain and disability. It is thought that the wider principles of osteoarthritis management can be applied in the management of people with shoulder osteoarthritis, but most prior research has been conducted with people experiencing osteoarthritis of the hip and knee. There is a paucity of evidence to guide the non‐surgical management of shoulder osteoarthritis and limited understanding of current physiotherapy practice.

Objective

We aimed to investigate the current treatment recommendations by physiotherapists in the UK for people with shoulder OA.

Methods

An online survey using a clinical vignette was designed and distributed to UK registered physiotherapists with experience of managing people with shoulder osteoarthritis, via social media and professional networks. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse demographic and multiple‐choice questions, and free text responses were summarised narratively.

Results

114 respondents accessed the survey with 110 valid responses; 105 (95%) respondents would offer face‐to‐face consultations, with 89 (81%) respondents expecting to offer 2–4 appointments. 108 (98%) respondents would offer advice/education; 79 (72%) would offer weight management; 82 (75%) prescribed exercises to improve movement; and 101 (92%) offered exercises to increase strength. If a person lived with obesity or had a treatment preference, the majority of respondents would change their recommendations.

Conclusion

This is the first survey of NHS physiotherapy practice for people with shoulder osteoarthritis. The responses largely align with NICE guidelines; despite this alignment, it is not known whether such guideline‐based care is acceptable to people with shoulder osteoarthritis or clinically effective.
Avegant Spotlight: Developing Segmented Illumination for LCoS
Authors: Gross Andrew , Tang Edward
Published: July 2024

The Spotlight adaptive LED illumination architecture demonstrates a level of uniformity that is acceptable for AR applications with minimal lane visibility between LED segments.
Sizing of storage‐based renewable off‐grid system according to supply of electrical and thermal energies considering unscented transformation‐based stochastic optimization: A case study
Authors: Bahmani Ali , Kiani Mohammad Javad , Nejatian Samad , Zadehbagheri Mahmoud
Published: July 2024

The paper presents the planning (sizing) of a hybrid islanded system containing only renewable sources including wind turbines, photovoltaics, and bio‐waste energy units for the simultaneous supply of electrical and thermal energy. The mentioned renewable sources are used to supply electrical energy. The bio‐waste unit (BEU) is equipped with combined electrical and thermal technology. It is used along with heat pumps to supply thermal energy. Electrical and thermal storage are employed to make the renewable power output as close as possible to the demand level. Electric storage can be either stationary (e.g., battery) or mobile (e.g., electric vehicles), but thermal storage is as stationary type of storage. In the following, the proposed scheme minimizes construction and maintenance costs imposed by power sources, storage devices, and power electronic converters, and expected storage degradation cost. This plan is bound to the model of operation of sources, storage devices, and power electronic converters. In this model, renewables are the main source of power to supply consumers, where storage is adopted to increase the generation level to make it as close as possible to the demand curve. The uncertain parameters are imposed by the load, renewable phenomena, and mobile storage parameters. To model these uncertainties, stochastic optimization based on unscented transformation is used. Finally, the findings of the paper demonstrate that the suggested scheme succeeds in the economic planning of the system with a simultaneous supply of electrical and thermal energy. The BEU equipped with a combined electricity and heat system along with thermal storage and a heat pump to supply thermal load besides providing electric energy can reduce the planning cost by 2.9% compared with the case with only electrical energy. Also, the mobile storage presence in the hybrid system can reduce the number of stationary storage devices, which alone results in a 7.7% decrease in the planning cost of the hybrid system.