bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PREFERENCES OF BEHAVIOR TYPES OF LEADERS IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR – CASE STUDY MINISTRY OF DEFENSE OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Economics, Kragujevac, Serbia, Matejić Ivica , Ćurčić Mihailo ,   University of Defense, Social Sciences Department, Military Academy Belgrade, Serbia, Kostić Radan ,   University of Defense, Social Sciences Department, Military Academy Belgrade, Serbia
Published: July 2022

The subject of this paper is to determine the preferred style of leadership behavior in public sector employees. A sample of employees of the Ministry of Defense (hereinafter MoD) was used to conduct the research. The Ministry of Defense, as an extremely organizationally and hierarchically defined entity, is interesting for researching the preferences of leadership style and the leader-follower relationship itself. Numerous leadership studies conducted in this type of organization have not been found in practice, and there is a reported scientific „gap” on this topic. The research aims to determine which the preferred leadership style in the MoD is and whether gender, age, and years of service influence the preferred leadership style and the leader-follower relationship. The empirical research was conducted in 2021 in the Military Social Security Fund of the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Serbia on the cause of 51 respondents, using the survey method. The results of the research showed that the preferred leadership style among MoD employees is participatory leadership and that years of service and age have an impact on the choice of the preferred leadership style, as well as on the leader-follower relationship.
LEGAL CONTRIBUTION TOWARD A GREENER EUROPEAN UNION
Authors:   Faculty of Law, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia, Intihar Marulc Ana
Published: July 2022

European Union has a diverse environment and recently the awareness of the importance of sustainable development has increased significantly. Subsequently, the greener and more sustainably oriented narratives have been used in documents and legislation produced by the European Union. The European institutions have established a legal framework to facilitate sustainable investments. Consequently, member states of the European Union have been implementing more sustainably prone legislation, but have chosen different legal approaches on how they will tackle the challenges associated with the adoption of more sustainably prone legislation. One of the successful ways how member states encourage more sustainable choices are tax abatements. This article compares and evaluates the best approaches by member states with better-developed tax abatements for sustainable choices and their results. The findings of this article are that various approaches have been developed and suggest how other countries can mirror proven ways towards improvement.
MODERN VIEW OF THE ORGANIZATION OF PHYSICAL AND HEALTH AND SPORTS EVENTS IN THE EXTRACURRICULAR TIME IN THE UNIVERSITY EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Bazylchuk Vira
Published: July 2022

The article analyzes the modern view of the organization of extracurricular physical culture and health and sports activities in the educational environment of the university. It is stated that physical education in higher education is an integral part of professional training of future professionals, the formation of their health competence, maintaining and promoting health, cultivating a healthy lifestyle, and improving the physical and functional capabilities of young people. Extracurricular forms of physical education classes which students can do in their spare time in higher education institutions are described. Extracurricular forms of physical education classes which students can do in their leisure time in higher education institutions include physical exercises during the school day (morning hygienic gymnastics, gymnastic exercises during the day); independent physical exercises, sports, tourism; independent physical exercises in the places of residence of students; optional sectional classes in the relevant sport; physical culture and health and sports activities; psychophysical recreation in the test-examination period. Emphasis is placed on the fact that research and teaching staff who teach the discipline “Physical Education”, it is necessary to direct the efforts of higher education students to participate in physical culture and various sporting events, their desire to participate in sports competitions between groups and faculties. The opportunity to further select students in groups to improve sportsmanship and promote their performance at competitions at the All-Ukrainian and international level, glorifying their institution of higher education.

Keywords: physical activity; students; extracurricular time; physical culture and health-improving activities; sports events; physical education; extracurricular time; educational environment; university.
STUDY OF GEOGRAPHY IN GENERAL SECONDARY EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS THROUGH THE INTEGRATED CONTENT OF ELECTIVE COURSES
Authors: Nazarenko Tetiana , Braslavska Oksana , Ozerova Liudmyla
Published: July 2022

The article examines current issues that arise in the teaching of geography. The integrative nature of the subject of geography requires the use of a variable factor to strengthen the basic geographical courses in the school, so there is a need for a variety of elective courses. The practice of introducing integrative elective courses in school geographical education has been studied.Elective courses play an important role in the school system. These are required subjects of the student’s choice that support the chosen profile. Unlike typical courses, elective courses are compulsory. The purpose of studying elective courses is to focus students on individualization of learning and socialization; to prepare for a conscious and responsible choice of future professional activities.In the process of content selection, it is necessary to find out: what laws, theories, ideas, principles, concepts, skills, and types of student activities are offered for mastering, how the study material will contribute to the internal specialization of education and the formation of specialized skills; for which professions, fields of activity the selected content is required, which students must know and be able to do before studying the elective course.Researchers have proved the effectiveness of the implementation of integrated geographical courses, the need to develop comprehensive curricula in natural subjects on the basis of a single educational field of state standard, and the importance of forming holistic (integrated) knowledge, and a scientific worldview. However, the lack of specialists and general teaching methods makes it difficult to implement an integrative approach in elective courses.

Keywords: integrative learning; natural education; elective courses; geography studies; formation of subject competencies; institutions of general secondary education; educational material; competence approach.
ALGORITHMS OF IMPROVING OF THE PROCESS OF PROFESSIONAL POTENTIAL REALIZATION BY UNIVERSITY PROFESSOR AS A BEARER OF BRAND
Authors: Yunyk Ivan
Published: July 2022

The article considers the professional potential of a university professor, which provides not only the formation of a personal brand but also its successful promotion in the market of educational and scientific services. Therefore, the professional potential is a fundamental component of the structure of a university professor’s personal brand. The algorithmic interconnection of the concepts of “personal potential”, “personal resources” and “human capital” is clarified. It is emphasized that the professor’s awareness of the professional potential necessary and sufficient to form a personal brand is determined primarily by the motivation of the specialist to identify their own intellectual, leadership, creative, communicative and other resources and reserves. The author specifies that in the structure of the university professor’s professional potential, the priority is constructs that are both in demand by the profession and relevant to the requests of the target audience. The real and potential determinants of slowing down the process of realization of the university professor’s professional potential are listed. It is proved that the intensification of readiness for effective realization of professional potential by university professor requires obligatory consideration of contextual and situational peculiarities of personal brand positioning and synergistic possibilities of co-branding with other university specialists as brand carriers or even university brand. Methods of counteracting the real and potential determinants of slowing down the process of university professor’s professional potential realization are highlighted. They are: the inability of a specialist to objectively assess the scope and probable prospects for the realization of their own potential; barriers in brand communication; the impact of previous failure stressors; the dominance of fear of image and/or reputational losses over the subjectively predicted attractiveness of the consequences of the professional potential realization; achieving a local maximum in professional self-realization, etc.

Keywords: personal brand; branding; co-branding; university professor; professional potential; personal resources; algorithm; higher education institution.
FROM PRESCHOOL TO HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS: ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION AS AN IMPORTANT COMPONENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION ACTIVITIES IN UKRAINE AND ABROAD
Authors: Diachuk Pavlо , Perfileva Lyudmila
Published: July 2022

The article promotes the understanding of students of the faculties of preschool and primary education, in the study of the subject “Ecology”, what sources of air pollution are, and how to reduce the use of natural resources.The main tendencies of ecology and protection of the atmospheric environment, methodological principles of ecological safety of Ukraine are considered in the article; the critical state of climate change and the ecological system of different countries of the world is revealed, the priority directions of the state policy on neutralization of threats to ecological safety of mankind are analyzed. For this purpose, there is an official data of the Ministry of Environmental Protection reviews of the effectiveness of environmental conservation activities of governmental and non-governmental organizations of Ukraine, scientific works of leading experts in environmental education of the EU, USA, problems of environmental safety. Methodological principles of ecological safety of the atmosphere, its origin, essence, and tools are analyzed.It is important to note that climate change mitigation involves actions taken to reduce or remove greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. We can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by reducing the use of fossil fuels for energy production and turning to alternative energy sources such as solar, wind and water.Each of us, no matter where we live, can help tackle climate change by reducing carbon emissions in our daily lives. For example, we can recycle waste, walk or ride a bike instead of using a car, unplug unused appliances, and that’s only a small part of what can be done.

Keywords: preschool; primary school; higher education; ecology; nature protection; air pollution; greenhouse effect; greenhouse gases; fluorinated greenhouse gases; greenhouse gas trade; quota; Ukraine; EU countries; USA.
LECTURE AS AN INSTRUMENT OF DISTANT TEACHING TODAY
Authors: Protsko Yevheniia
Published: July 2022

The article deals with the analysis of lesson forms as alternative activities during distant teaching, including the lecture as a group online shape for teacher-students cooperation that is applied at higher educational establishments of different academic levels. None can stand separate to the current events, and the whole native educational system in general and teachers, in particular, should adopt their occupation as well. That facilitates and proves the process of online communication and teaching, thus promoting teachers to reinterpret their way of teaching. It is an urgent time to use both synchronic and asynchronous forms to teach students distantly.

Keywords: distant teaching; distance learning; alternative activity lesson forms; Internet resources; synchronic and asynchronous forms of education; creative teacher; higher educational establishment; lecture.
EDUCATIONAL CONDITIONS FOR THE FORMATION OF INTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE OF STUDENTS AT THE FACULTY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES
Authors: Kholod Iryna
Published: July 2022

The article is devoted to the development of intercultural competence as one of the main competencies of language training of higher education students at the Faculty of Foreign Languages of Pavlo Tychyna Uman State Pedagogical University. The author considers the theoretical foundations of intercultural competence in the educational environment, which are outlined in the basic document in the field of language education “Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment”. The article considers the model of formation of intercultural competence and its components: knowledge, skills, attitudes, and education. Based on this model, the educational conditions for the formation of intercultural competence at the Faculty of Foreign Languages of Pavlo Tychyna Uman State Pedagogical University, where foreign citizens from Turkmenistan study, are analyzed. As part of the study, a survey of 4th year students of the Faculty of Foreign Languages was conducted, in which both foreign citizens of Turkmenistan and Ukrainians became respondents. It was found that none of them had any previous knowledge of each other’s country, except for general information about the country from geography and world history lessons at school. The article finds that by teaching English as a language of intercultural communication, the conditions for students are created, regardless of nationality, to realize themselves as representatives of culture; involvement of students in cultural events of different levels dedicated to folk traditions, national holidays, and anniversaries promotes an effective dialogue of cultures, critical analysis of cultural similarities and differences, and acceptance of the culture of another country; awareness of current globalization trends shows that the importance of establishing ties with all countries of the world is growing, as all countries unite for a common future.

Keywords: culture; communication; intercultural competence; learning English; language of international communication; intercultural bias; model of intercultural competence; educational conditions; prerequisites for effective intercultural competence.
CONTENT OF LABOR EDUCATION AND TECHNOLOGY TEACHER’S TRAINING AS A REFLECTION OF HUMAN PRODUCTIVE ACTIVITY EXPERIENCE
Authors: Avramenko Oleg
Published: July 2022

The article reflects the state of the content of technological education in relation to directions of development, increasing the efficiency and safety of the functioning of technogenic society. It is shown that the training of the younger generation is carried out by various educational branches consisting of academic disciplines. The scope and content of these fields of knowledge and the structure of connections between them determine the level of education at this stage of society’s development. The higher the level of a person’s education, the more fully the surrounding world is reflected in his consciousness, the more deeply he is aware of his place in it, the greater the degree of his responsibility for maintaining harmony in this world, the easier is the integration of a person in society.It is shown that rapid technological development provides humanity with qualitatively new living conditions, increases human capabilities, and accelerates the processes of learning about the surrounding world. On the other hand, the development of technologies often has a detrimental effect on the biosphere and leads to irreversible consequences, forcing us to look for ways of safe interaction between the biosphere and the technosphere.An analysis of the concept of “technology” is presented. It was found that there are dozens of definitions of this concept, but the question of establishing the most significant one, which would correspond to this multi-meaning entity, remains open. It was determined that technology and engineering are not aimed at obtaining knowledge for its own sake, but involve their development and use for practical purposes, they are, first of all, practice based on knowledge.Furthermore, it is proven that the content of this educational field is intended to reflect the existing level of technical and technological culture of society, to show development trends and opportunities for self-determination and self-realization of the individual in the modern technological world.

Keywords: technique; technology; “Technology” field of study; technogenic society; technosphere; biosphere; technological education; technological culture.
ARRANGEMENT OF INCLUSIVE STUDYING IN THE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF THE EDUCATIONAL INSITUTIONS
Authors: Kravchuk Oksana , Shelepko Hennadiy
Published: July 2022

Nowadays the training of future teachers working in the conditions of inclusive education belongs to the important components of the educational process at universities. However, a great number of teachers graduated from universities when the issue of inclusive studying was not paid proper attention, teachers’ training was aimed at the formation of professional competence to teach and educate children with common development. Along with the changes connected with an outside technological support of the architectural availability and the creation of appropriate infrastructure, the arrangement of a working process sets a goal to develop a high level of an inclusive culture in a teachers’ and students’ staff. In this regard, a manager of a contemporary institution faces the task to direct the managerial activity toward the efficient meeting of the requirements of inclusive studying.The purpose of the research is to suggest a management model for inclusive studying at educational institutions.The introduction of the inclusive studying implies a modification of a managerial system and a change of the configuration in the directions of a school’s working process which will provide the formation of a high-level inclusive culture in teachers’ and students’ staff.The creation of consultation centers in the general secondary institutions focused on several directions is suggested in this paper.An appropriate sector will be responsible for the working process of each direction. It is suggested to single out the following sectors based on a consultative center: the sector which is responsible for studying the inclusive learning practices; the sector of psychological assistance for inclusive studying; the sector of methodological support in organizing inclusive studying.To a certain extent, the division into sectors and directions is conditional; their configuration has a flexible nature and can be modified, and restructured due to the requirements which are relevant for each institution taken separately.

Keywords: educational institution management; innovations; inclusion; inclusive studying; inclusive culture; specific educational needs; management model for inclusive studying.
ORGANIZATIONAL ASPECTS OF THE FORMATION OF MANAGEMENT COMPETENCIES OF FUTURE PRESCHOOL EDUCATION SPECIALISTS
Authors: Kushnir Valentyna
Published: July 2022

The article reveals the organizational aspects of practice-oriented activities of students in the process of forming managerial competence, in particular, the use of the method of analysis of specific situations in the example of the discipline “Planning and Management in Preschool Education”, taught at Uman State Pedagogical University. “Preschool education” of the second (master’s) level of higher education.The purposes of using the method of situation analysis, types of situations, stages of implementation of this method, etc. are described.The use of the method in the process of forming the managerial competence of the future master of preschool education implies that in oral or written form in the form of a simulation model creates a specific situation that reflects typical or unusual characteristics of various aspects of management. The student is faced with the task not only to analyze the situation but also to determine the optimal, scientifically sound ways out of this situation.The relevance of the method of a situation analysis is related to the potential for students to develop critical thinking, skills in analyzing practical examples of management decisions, learning to analyze the consequences of decisions, developing the ability to express their position and point of view, developing skills to evaluate alternative solutions or behaviors, and conditions of uncertainty.It was found that since in modern conditions the work of a specialist in preschool education is associated with the need to solve various problems, the method of analysis of specific situations as a method of practice-oriented learning allows to acquire not only necessary practical experience in their analysis and decision already within the educational process of higher education but also to develop personal and business characteristics that form the basis of managerial competence of the future specialist of preschool education.

Keywords: practice-oriented activity; method of situation analysis; types of situations; specialist in preschool education institution; formation of managerial competence; master’s degree in preschool education.
Management of Patients with Musculoskeletal Pain Syndrome during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors:   N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kamchatnov P.R. ,   Moscow, Russian Federation, Chugunov A.V. ,   N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: July 2022

Objective of the Review: To discuss the efficiency and safety of the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in patients with low back pain (LBP), also during COVID-19 pandemic. Key Points. Musculoskeletal pain syndromes, including LBP, are common; they affect the quality of patients’ life and result in huge medical bills. In a lot of post-COVID-19 patients, LBP appears for the first time or gets worse. Challenges in the management of such patients are caused by involvement of multiple organs and body systems, the need in taking numerous medications at once, which increases the risk of drug interaction. This overview describes the efficiency and safety of nimesulide in patients with low back pain. The use of NSAIDs in patients with COVID-19 is discussed. Beneficial effects and possible risks of nimesulide are analysed. Conclusion. Management of patients with LBP during the COVID-19 pandemic requires thorough selection of an optimal therapy taking into account comorbidities and a high risk of drug-drug interactions. Nimesulide is a potent medication with a favourable safety and tolerability profile. It is advisable to use nimesulide in the management of patients with low back pain, including COVID-19 survivors. Safety of the therapy can be ensured by thorough drug selection taking into account comorbidities and risks of complications. Keywords: musculoskeletal pain syndromes, low back pain, COVID-19, post-COVID syndrome, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, nimesulide, management, side effects.
Efficiency of the De-stigmatization Program in Somatoform Disorders
Authors:   Kursk State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Bogushevskaya Yu.V. ,   Kursk, Russian Federation, Pogosov A.V.
Published: July 2022

Study Objective: To study the role of the psychoeducational program in coping with self-stigmatization in patients with somatoform disorders. Study Design: Observational emperical comparative clinical trial with two randomized groups with provisional and final examination. Materials and Methods. The study enrolled patients aged 20 to 45 years old who were hospitalised for a somatoform disorder for the first time. The study group comprised 60 patients, who attended a psychoeducational program in addition to psychopharmacological treatment. Controls were 60 patients treated only with medications. Patients’ status was evaluated using clinical, psychological and psychognostic methods. Study Results. After completion of the therapy, the difference in the degree of self-stigmatization and the level of knowledge about the mental disorder in the groups was statistically significant (p < 0.001). When groups were compared on a somatization scale, a statistically significant trend towards differences was noticed (0.05 ≤ p < 0.1). Conclusion. The psychoeducational program facilitates coping with ‘avoiding the psychiatrist’ behaviour, thus reducing the risk of disease chronization and helping prevent irreversible personality changes. Keywords: psychoeducation, de-stigmatization program, somatoform disorders, degree of self-stigmatization, level of knowledge about the mental disorder.
Cognition Deficit and Hypothyroidism in a Population-Based Study of Iranian Women
Authors: Amiri Marzieh
Published: July 2022

Background: There are some evidences on adverse effects of reducing thyroid hormones levels on appearing cognition. The present study aimed to assess cognitive function in patients with hypothyroidism under-treated with routine hormone replacement therapy compared to healthy euthyroid individuals. Methods: Thirty consecutive hypothyroid female patients aged 25 to 40 years who referred to endocrinology and metabolism clinic at Rasoul-e-Akram hospital in Tehran within a four-year period in 2015 were assessed. Also, thirty healthy euthyroid subjects matched for sex, age, and educational level were selected as the control. For assessment of cognitive function status, the Mini Mental Status Exam (MMSE) was used. Results: The study showed lower mean cognitive score in hypothyroid patients when compared to euthyroid ones (25.33 ± 3.90 versus 29.40 ± 1.80, p = 0.010). Regarding association between cognition deficit and patients’ baseline characteristics, except for educational level that was positively associated with cognition score (p < 0.001), no significant association was revealed between mean cognition score and other parameters including age (p = 0.569), occupation status (p = 0.631), and marital status (p = 0.859). According to the Bonferroni correction analysis, lower cognitive function was revealed in those with primary educational levels than those who with college degrees. Conclusion: Clinical hypothyroidism is potentially association with cognition deficit especially in those with lower educational level.
Giant Serous cystadenoma at HUEH
Authors: Jean Paul Axler
Published: July 2022

Giant cystadenomas are one of rare ovaries’ tumors. Serous cystadenomas are the main cause of giant abdominal masses in women in reproductive age but, they are very rare in postmenopausal women. Diagnosis and surgical management are challenge in both general surgery and gynecology. We followed up and operated this 62-year-old woman at the HUEH surgical department. Anatomopathology study confirmed the serous nature of her giant mass, which had been evolving for about 8 months.
Ethics of hospitality in the doctrine of Muhammad ghazali
Authors: Fayzullaeva M.Sh.
Published: July 2022

This article summarizes the scientist's ethical ideas about hospitality.
Hematological Changes In Administration Of Garcina Kola Seed Extract To Wistar Rats
Authors: Moses Aziakpono OMOIRRI
Published: July 2022

In a number of ailments, hematological tests are useful in diagnosing and determining the extent of blood production. The impact of Garcina kola seed extract (G. kola) on blood parameters was investigated in this study. Twenty-five (25) adult male wistar rats (weighing 130–180 g on average) were acclimatized for two weeks before being divided into five (5) groups of five (5) rats each (n = 5). They were subsequently fed G. kola seed extract in various quantities (doses) for 21 days (3 weeks). While normal control (Group I) mice were fed standard rat chow and water ad libitum, group 2 animals were fed 100 mg/kg of test extract, while groups 3 - 5 were fed 200 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg of the same G.kola seed extract, respectively. Rats were venipunced, blood samples were obtained, and haematological alterations were analyzed in the laboratory after a period of administration of test chemicals. During this time, student's t-test was used to compare the connection in means between each group and the control group. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Finally, hematological measures such as PCV, RBC, HGB, LYM, MON, BAS, EOS, and NEU counts showed a significant effect. Oral administration of aqueous extract of G. kola seed to the mice decreased RBC and HGB levels insignificantly compared to control, while higher dose administration significantly increased PCV and HGB counts (p 0.05). In comparison to the control, lymphocyte counts were considerably (p 0.05) higher in group 4, but not in the other extract-fed groups. The counts of basophils and eosinophils, as well as neutrophils, were significantly higher than the control group, especially as the dose was raised. In rats, an extracts of G. kola raised the immune system while lowering RBC production, causing anemia and having a negligible effect on PCV and HGB. Further research into the likely molecular mechanism for this could be useful in clinical treatment, thus it is recommended.
The Metabolic Process After Lubrication of Human Joint and Skin Surfaces
Authors: Wierzcholski Krzysztof
Published: July 2022

Purpose The topic of the presented paper concerns the human body and joint cartilage run-walk treatment implemented by the Electro-Magnetic (EM) and Acoustic Emission (AE) field. The thesis is proved here i.e. running in presence of a EM and AE field, increases dynamic viscosity of bio-lubricant liquids, thus increases energy burn, metabolism and finally it leads to the decrements of the body weight and hence it accelerates the slimming process. Material and Methods The research methods used in this paper include the following: EM field produced by a new Polish Apparatus MF-24, MT-3, Germany Magcell Arthro magneto electronic devices for the human body and joint cartilage treatment, Bone Dias Apparatus applied in AE therapy produced in Germany, ( Univ. Applied Science Giessen), Segmental Body Composition Analyzer Tanita MC 780MA, pedometer Garmin Ltd.2015.The author gained experience in Germany research institutes, and practical results were obtained after measurements and information from students and patients. Results The EM-therapy and AE results presented in this paper concern betterments during typical human cartilage diseases and causes of the effects of the slimming process gained before and after run-walk training. The run-walk training results presented in this paper concern the effects of the slimming process gained without and after electro-magnetic field therapy. Conclusions The main conclusions obtained in this paper are as follows: The run-walk training implemented by the electro-magnetic induction field and AE leads to the increments of the dynamic viscosity of synovial fluid and human sweat, changes the internal energy contained in the human body, muscle and cartilage, hence it accelerates the slimming process connected with the body weight decrements as well the betterments effects during the therapy.
The Amphoteric Nature of Phospholipid Bilayer Verified by the Surface Energy
Authors: Pawlak Zenon
Published: July 2022

Background The surface energy the phospholipidic spherical membrane vs. pH, see Fig. 4A helped us to understand amphoteric character of cartilage surface (introduced together first time in literature) [4]. Methods The samples of articular cartilage were taken from the knees of an aged one to two-years-old ox. Friction coefficient (cartilage/cartilage) pair and the interfacial energy of a spherical lipid bilayer curves vs pH have “a bell-shaped curve” expressing amphoteric cartilage nature by the isoelectric point (IEP). Results It was found that the lowest energy values cover working conditions at pH 7.3 (±) 1.0 of natural joints, see Fig.4 A, B. The obtained “a bell-shaped curve” for (cartilage/cartilage) pair friction and spherical PLs bilayer is a novelty in this paper. Conclusions The observations have led to the conclusion that friction coefficient (cartilage/cartilage) pair and surface energy of a spherical lipid bilayer curves vs pH have (IEP) and expressing amphoteric surfaces character. The surface energy corresponds well with friction coefficient phospholipid amphoteric bilayer surface.
Corona Virus Pandemic: A Case of Prevention in Rural Malawi
Authors: Kasenga By Fyson
Published: July 2022

Covid-19 has brought untold harm and human suffering worldwide. Deaths and economic recessions continue to increase in many countries of the world particularly in European countries. In the recent past, Africa presented itself as less affected than the rest of the world but now the situation is changing dramatically. An intervention study was done in two districts of rural Malawi namely Thyolo and Mulanje to reduce infection rate of covid-19. Ten villages comprising of 852 households were included in the study. Personal protective equipment Resources (PPEs) coupled with preventive messages with an emphasis on hand washing, distancing, wearing of face masks and contact tracing were mainly the content of the messages. Washing buckets with taps, basins and soaps were provided in groups. The villages were followed up six months later and established that diarrhoea diseases reduced among the under-fives and in the adult population. The findings of the study concluded that as communities adhered to the prevention measures of covid-19, other diseases related to poor sanitation reduced in the studied population. Based on the study findings, it is recommended to increase the study population and resources for the prevention of covid-19 disease to yield positive domain effect. Conducting a country wide similar study would be beneficial and need to be considered which will prevent the general population from covid-19 and other water borne diseases.
Pengaruh Jenis dan Konsentrasi Emulsifier Terhadap Creaming Index Pada Percobaan Margarine dengan Two factors factorial design
Authors: Rochmat Umar Rochmat Umar
Published: July 2022

Emulsifier pada margarine  membantu daya pengembangan margarine yang menghasilkan kue yang lembut dan struktur remah yang homogen. Maka perlu diketahui jenis dan konsetrasi emulsifier yang tepat pada pembuatan margarine. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui pengaruh jenis dan konsentrasi emulsifier terhadap creaming index pada percobaan margarine dengan two factors factorial design. Berdasarkan hasil tabel ANOVA pada kedua percobaan dapat disimpulkan secara umum menunjukkan bahwa jenis emulsifier dan konsentrasi emulsifier menunjukkan pengaruh yang nyata dengan melihat dari semua keragaman F Hitung > F Tabel pada taraf signifikansi 5%. Hasil perhitungan creaming index dengan beberapa pengulangan menunjukkan bahwa hasil optimal pada percobaan single emulsifier yaitu PS-60 0,5% dengan rata-rata creaming index 13,98%. Sedangkan hasil perhitungan creaming index dengan beberapa pengulangan menunjukkan bahwa hasil optimal pada percobaan double emulsifier yaitu UOM + PGE (masing-masing 0,3%) dengan rata-rata creaming index 15,56%.
FORTIFIKASI ENBAL DENGAN TEPUNG IKAN LAYANG SEBAGAI PANGAN FUNGSIONAL KHAS KEPULAUAN KEI, MALUKU TENGGARA
Authors: Tuarita Mirna , Nara Selfia Martha
Published: July 2022

Southeast  Molucca, a regency in Kei Island, is rich in natural resource including nutritious marine foods. These resources are potential for further development as functional ingredient. Enbal, a traditional food in the region, is made from cassava; it contains a large amount of carbohydrate, but limited amount of other nutrients. To enhance nutritional value, fortification using mackerel scad (Decapterus sp) flour into enbal can be a promising option.Naturally, cassava contains active compound skopoletin, while the fish flour is a source of iron (Fe) as a functional ingredient. Functional food represents a type of food containing bioactive compounds enabling to provide beneficial physiological effects on health.
ANALISIS FILTRAT KONSENTRAT PROTEIN DARI JENIS IKAN YANG BERBEDA
Authors: Putri Dwi Novianti , Jumsurizal Jumsurizal , Amrizal Sri Novalina
Published: July 2022

Fish protein concentrate is a food ingredient for human consumption, the way of making it is by separating water and fat in order to get a higher protein content than the original. The fish used for the process of making fish protein concentrate were swordfish (Tylosurus crocodilus), lemuru fish (Sardinella lemuru) and tuna (Euthynnus affinis). In the process of making protein concentrates, the filtrate is still neglected. The process of making fish protein concentrate includes sample preparation, maceration with 85% ethanol solvent for 3 hours, filtering to separate the residue and filtrate, the filtrate is evaporated using an oven at 45°C for 24 hours. The test parameters in this study included yield calculation, phytochemical testing, antioxidant activity testing and soluble protein content testing. Based on the results of the research conducted, the highest yield was found in P3 with a value of 5.33%. In the phytochemical test results P1, P2 and P3 contained alkaloids, saponins and ninhydrin. The results of testing the antioxidant activity of the three types of fish have potential as antioxidant compounds. The antioxidant activity at P1 has an IC50 value of 22.57 ppm, P2 has an IC50 value of 19.20 ppm and at P3 has an IC50 value of 15.09 ppm. In the test results, the highest soluble protein content was found in P2 with a value of 0.166 mg/mL followed by P1 having a value of 0.69 mg/ml and the lowest soluble protein content was found in P3 with a value of 0.61 mg/ml.
KARAKTERISTIK KERUPUK IKAN DARI BAHAN BAKU YANG BERBEDA DI UD. ES JAYA JUWANA, PATI-JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Yuniarti Tatty , Hartono Dwi , Asriani Asriani , Amrizal Sri Novalina
Published: July 2022

This research aims to determine the effect of adding different fish raw materials to the quality of fish crackers. Research location in UD. ES Jaya & Jakarta Technical University Of Fisheries Laboratory. This research was conducted using a single factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method consisting of 3 treatments and 3 replications. Test parameters carried out: organoleptic SNI 8646:2018, water content SNI 2354.2:2015, ash content SNI 2354.1:2010, protein content SNI 01-2354.4-2006, fat content SNI 2354.3:2017, carbohydrate content by difference, hedonic quality and swellability. The analysis was carried out using single factor ANOVA analysis and further BNT test using SPSS 26 software with descriptive, quantitative and comparative data analysis. The test results of organoleptic raw materials are 8.03-8.15, water content is 75.69 – 81.46%, ash content is 0.48 – 3.64%, protein content is 14.21 – 19.07 %, fat content is 1.36 – 4, 65%. The test results of organoleptic fish crackers are 8.11 - 8.38, hedonic 3.77 - 3.96, swellability 254 - 433%, moisture content 11.67 - 13.03 %, ash content 2.27 - 2.63%, protein content 1.76 - 2 ,93%, fat content 0.46 – 0.70%, carbohydrate content 81.20 – 82.38%. The conclusion of the best product is the addition of milkfish raw materials with organoleptic values (appearance parameters 8, and taste 8), swellability 433%, hedonic 3.5, water content 11.67%, ash content 2.27%, protein 2, 93%, and carbohydrates 82.38%. Different fish raw materials have a very significant effect on the test values for swellability, ash content, protein content, and fat content.
AUTHOR'S METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE BEARING CAPACITY OF INCLINED SECTIONS OF BEAM STRUCTURES UNDER REPEATED LOADS
Authors:   Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Somina Yu.A. , Karpiuk V.M. ,   Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Kostiuk A.I. ,   Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Published: July 2022

Analysis of the results of both our own tests and studies of other scientists shows that the destruction of structures under the action of repeated loading occurs at lower stresses than the destruction of structures under the action of short-term static loads. Namely, the bearing capacity of beams under the action of cyclic loads is on average 10% lower compared to the bearing capacity of their "twins" under static forces, that must be taken into account when calculating and designing structures. In this regard, the author's method for calculating inclined sections of reinforced concrete beam structures under low-cycle and multi-cycle loads is presented in the paper. Repeated loads are proposed to be taken into account by calculating the fatigue strengths of the beam’s materials, namely the compressed zone of concrete above the critical inclined crack, the longitudinal reinforcement at the intersection with the inclined crack, as well as the anchoring of the longitudinal reinforcement. In particular, the design lines of endurance of concrete and reinforcement are considered. In practical calculations, the change in stresses that occurs due to the development of vibrocreep deformations of compressed concrete at complex stress state is taken into account by the functions of stress accumulation in concrete, longitudinal and transverse reinforcement. These functions of deformations of concrete vibrocreep are calculated according to the theory of vibrocreep. According to the results of the research, the corresponding author's expressions and dependencies are derived and presented, which allow determining the limit forces of structural element with a given shear span. In addition, it is proposed to introduce the coefficient kcyc into the calculation, which takes into account the more destructive effect of a multi-cycle load compared to a low-cycle repeated one. Thus, kcyc is the ratio of the breaking shear force to the minimum design ultimate endurance force of the near support sections of the specimens-beams, calculated using the characteristic values of the strength of concrete and reinforcement, that is, the prismatic strength of concrete and the yield strength of reinforcement.
ELEMENTS OF TECHNOLOGY FOR THE SURFACE GIPSUM COMPOSITE AND ITS PROPERTIES, AS A FACING MATERIAL
Authors:   Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture, Tarasevych V.I. , Gasan Yu.G. ,   Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture
Published: July 2022

The paper considers the issues of obtaining a composite material based on gypsum, fly ash and sulfur with improved performance. Regularities of impregnation of a gypsum sol matrix with a sulfur melt are established, taking into account the capillary-porous structure of the gypsum sol stone and the physical and technical properties of sulfur. The conducted studies make it possible to determine the sulfur mass transfer coefficient ams and the maximum sulfur-containing Us in impregnated products, depending on the initial values of the sulfur melt temperature, water-solid ratio and fly ash content. This allows to determine quickly and effectively the duration of impregnation to a given sulfur content for a specific composition and size of gypsum products. Technological factors influencing the hardening coefficient, water resistance and chemical resistance of gypsum ash products impregnated in sulfur melt have been studied. An analysis of the results shows that the strength of samples impregnated with sulfur increases while the degree of filling of the pore space with it is increasing. So, with increase in the relative sulfur content (v = Us / Usmax) from 0.30 to 0.90, the compressive strength increases from 10.1 to 42 MPa. It has been established that water resistance of the impregnated samples significantly depends on the degree of impregnation and the amount of fly ash. The experiments carried out give reason to believe that the material based on gypsum, ash and sulfur refers to waterproof materials, since the softening coefficient is higher than 0.7. It has been established that gypsum and gypsum samples impregnated with sulfur melt have a chemical resistance coefficient of at least 0.7, which allows them to be classified as chemically resistant. The resulting sulfur-gypsum composite is distinguished by high strength, water and corrosion resistance to aggressive environments of livestock complexes, food and chemical industries, where it should be used in the form of special facing products.
FLOOD AS ONE OF THE MANIFESTATIONS OF HARMFUL EFFECTS OF WATER ON THE EXAMPLE OF FOUR UNITED TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES OF ODESSA REGION
Authors:   Institute of Water Problems and Reclamation of NAAS of Ukraine, Miedviedieva Olha , Miedviediev Oleh ,   SE "Black Sea Center for Water Resources and Soils"
Published: July 2022

Flooding is one of the manifestations of the harmful effects of water, which is strongly manifested around the world. Its manifestations are recorded in Ukraine, mainly in the western regions. In the central, eastern and southern regions, periodic flooding is observed in the basins of large rivers (Danube, Dniester, Dnieper, etc.). With the beginning of the XXI century local periodic flooding is increasingly recorded in other areas. And if in the western regions we know almost everything about the causes and risks of flooding, in other areas there is almost no research and knowledge. Recognizing the significant economic and social damage from flooding at the state level, the Ministry of the Interior issued an order approving the "Preliminary Flood Risk Assessment Methodology" designed to carry out a preliminary flood risk assessment to identify areas with potentially significant flood risks in all areas river basins of Ukraine, and other possible sources of flooding, to minimize the negative consequences associated with flooding, which have an impact on human health, environment, economy, cultural heritage, etc. To do this, it was necessary to create a risk passport within each settlement (SM), but in most of them they are missing. The aim of the work is to show an effective approach to solve the problem of preventing such a negative phenomenon as flooding in the southern regions on the example of four associations of territorial communities (TC) of Belgorod-Dniester district (formerly Tatarbunary). The subject of the study were the factors of formation of this negative phenomenon within 34 SM. To solve this problem, an approach (algorithm), which consists of three main stages and the application of GIS programs Arc Map method 3D analysis, is proposed. At the same time, one of the main elements of the study was the existing hydraulic structures (HS). Based on the results of work within each state of emergency, the types, location, quantity and technical condition of the HS were determined. Maps of availability and technical condition of the HS, places of possible flooding with the direction of the main water flows are compiled in electronic form. The approach mentioned in this paper allows to minimize, and in some places to remove in the future such a negative phenomenon as flooding within a single state of emergency.
In the Shadow of Auschwitz: German Massacres against Polish Civilians, 1939–1945
Authors: Brewing Daniel
Published: July 2022

The Nazi invasion of Poland was the first step in an unremittingly brutal occupation, one most infamously represented by the network of death camps constructed on Polish soil. The systematic murder of Jews in the camps has understandably been the focus of much historical attention. Less well-remembered today is the fate of millions of non-Jewish Polish civilians, who—when they were not expelled from their homeland or forced into slave labor—were murdered in vast numbers both within and outside of the camps. Drawing on both German and Polish sources, In the Shadow of Auschwitz gives a definitive account of the depredations inflicted upon Polish society, tracing the ruthless implementation of a racial ideology that cast ethnic Poles as an inferior race.