bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DESTİNASYON PAZARLAMA FAALİYETLERİ KAPSAMINDA YÜRÜTÜLEN SOSYAL MÜŞTERİ İLİŞKİLERİ YÖNETİMİNİN ROLÜNÜ TESPİTE YÖNELİK NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: Akkuş Gülizar , Çalışkan Gürkan
Published: October 2020

Bu araştırmada Kastamonu ilinde bulunan turizm işletmelerinin destinasyon pazarlama faaliyetleri içerisinde sosyal müşteri ilişkileri yönetiminin durumunu saptamak amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada nitel bir tasarım benimsenmiş ve yapılandırılmış görüşme formu aracılığıyla toplam dokuz seyahat acentası ve konaklama işletmesi yöneticisi ile görüşülmüştür. Görüşmeler 2019 yılı Kasım ayı ile 2020 yılı Şubat ayları arasında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Verilerin sayısal analizini gerçekleştirebilmek için MAXQDA yazılımından faydalanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, Kastamonu’daki seyahat acentaları ve konaklama işletmelerinin sosyal müşteri ilişkileri yönetimi anlayışından oldukça düşük seviyede haberdar olduğu, bu konu ile ilgili işletmelerinde uyguladıkları herhangi bir yazılım ve stratejilerinin bulunmadığı, kısmen de olsa sosyal medya yönetimi faaliyetleri ile ilgilendikleri saptanmıştır.
MESLEK YÜKSEKOKULU ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN MESLEKİ EĞİTİME YÖNELİK TUTUMLARI VE GELECEK BEKLENTİLERİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ
Authors: Tuncer Murat , Tanaş Ramazan
Published: October 2020

Bu araştırmada meslek yüksekokulu öğrencilerinin mesleki eğitime yönelik tutumları ve gelecek beklentileri arasındaki ilişkiler incelenmiştir. İlişkisel tarama yöntemine göre yürütülen bu araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak Mesleki Eğitime Yönelik Tutum ve Gelecek Beklentileri Ölçekleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırma Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Afyon Meslek Yüksekokulunda öğrenim gören 293 öğrenci üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Araştırma sonucunda gelecek beklentileri ile mesleki eğitime yönelik tutum arasında pozitif ve anlamlı ilişki bulunmuş, regresyon analizi ile gelecek beklentilerinin mesleki eğitime yönelik tutum puanlarına ait varyansın yaklaşık yüzde on birini açıkladığı belirlenmiştir. Bu bulgulara göre öğrencilerin meslek yüksekokullarındaki akademik başarılarının arttırılmasında mesleki eğitime yönelik tutumları işlevsel bir değişken olarak kullanılabilir. Öğrencilerin mesleki eğitime yönelik tutumları olumlu yönde geliştikçe akademik başarıları da artırılabilecektir. Diğer taraftan öğrencilerin gelecek beklentilerinin olumlu olması da mesleki eğitime yönelik tutumlarını pozitif yönde geliştirebilecektir. Meslek yüksekokullarında öğrenim gören öğrencilerin geleceklerine yönelik olumlu algılarının olması onların dikkat ve ilgilerini aldıkları eğitime çekebilir.
Studi Fenomenologi Ruqyah Syar’iyyah Pengalaman Transformasi Kesehatan Mental Di Biro Konsultasi Psikologi Tazkia Salatiga
Authors: Harmuzi Harmuzi
Published: October 2020

AbstractRuqyah syari'iyyah is part of health psychotherapy in Islam, both jin disorders, mental disorders and even mental and physical treatments. This study aims to determine the experience of Ruqyah Shar'iyyah as a means of Mental Health Transformation. This research was conducted Clients in the “Biro Psikologi TAZKIA” Salatiga. The design of this study uses the study of Phenomenology. The sampling technique uses random sampling. Data collection tool in the form of questionnaires and field observations. The results of the study are ruqyah shar'iyyah giving positive experiences in the transformation of mental health. Therefore ruqyah syar'iyyah can be used as a means of assistance in handling clients who experience mental disorders.  Abstrak Ruqyah syari’iyyah adalah bagian dari psikoterapi kesehatan dalam Islam baik untuk gangguan jin, gangguan mental bahkan fisik.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengalaman ruqyah syar’iyyah sebagai sarana Transformasi Kesehatan Mental. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada Klien Biro Konsultasi Psikologi Tazkia Salatiga. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan studi Fenomenologi. Teknik sampel menggunakan randomsampling. Alat pengumpulan data dalam bentuk kuesioner dan observasi lapangan. Hasil penelitian adalah ruqyah syar’iyyah memberi pengalaman postif dalam transformasi kesehatan mental. Oleh karena itu ruqyah syar’iyyah bisa digunakan sebagai sarna pendampingan dalam penangangan klien yang mengalami gangguan mental.
Analisis Kematangan Beragama dan Kepribadian serta Korelasi dan Kontribusinya terhadap Sikap Toleransi
Authors: Sabiq Ahmad Fikri
Published: October 2020

Abstract  The purpose of this study is to determine the level of religious maturity, personality maturity, and tolerance level, proving the relationship between research variables, the significance, contribution, and predictions of the research variables. This study uses a quantitative approach and the population of this study is the teacher at SD Plus Tahfizhul Quran (PTQ) Annida Salatiga. The results of this study are: (1) There is a significant positive relationship between religious maturity and tolerance. The relationship category is strong. The effective contribution is 9.95% and every 1% increase in the level of religious maturity, the attitude of tolerance will increase 0.724. (2) There is a significant positive relationship between personality maturity and tolerance. The relationship category is very strong. The effective contribution is 58.89% and every 1% increase in personality maturity level, the attitude of tolerance will increase 0.459. (3) There is a significant relationship between religious maturity and maturity with tolerance. The simultaneous contribution is 68.8%. Abstrak Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat kematangan beragama, kematangan kepribadian, dan tingkat toleransi, membuktikan hubungan antar variabel penelitian, signifikansi, kontribusi, dan prediksi dari variabel penelitian. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dimana guru di SD Plus Tahfizhul Quran (PTQ) Annida Salatiga menjadi respondennya. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) Ada hubungan positif signifikan antara kematangan beragama dengan sikap toleransi dengan kategori hubungan yang kuat. Sumbangan efektifnya sebesar 9,95 % dan setiap penambahan 1% tingkat kematangan beragama, sikap toleransi akan meningkat 0,724. (2) Ada hubungan positif signifikan antara kematangan kepribadian dengan sikap toleransi dengan kategori hubungan sangat kuat. Sumbangan efektifnya sebesar 58,89 % dan setiap penambahan 1% tingkat kematangan kepribadian, maka sikap toleransi akan meningkat 0,459. (3) Ada hubungan signifikan antara kematangan beragama dan kematangan kepribadian dengan sikap toleransi. Kontribusi secara simultannya adalah 68,8%.
Polemik Pandemik Covid-19 dan Implikasinya Terhadap Kesehatan Jiwa
Authors: Mukniah Mukniah
Published: October 2020

Abstract  The debate about the issue of Covid-19 that was spread in the mass media into a polemic has not been resolved in the community. The Covid-19 virus was first reported on December 29, 2019 in Wuhan City, Hubai Province, China. Overall, not only does it have an impact on physical health aspects, the impact of shocks also impacts on mental health. The purpose of this study was to analyze the mental health condition resulting from the covid-19 coverage through the mass media. This pandemic must be understood as an opportunity for the community to actualize themselves into new things, in accordance with policies recommended by the government. So it does not cause emotional shocks which result in shocks to mental health.Abstrak Perdebatan mengenai isu Covid-19 yang tersebar di media massa menjadi polemik belum terselesaikan di masyarakat. Virus Covid-19 pertama kali dilaporkan pada 29 Desember 2019 di kota Wuhan, Propinsi Hubai, China. Secara keseluruhan, tidak hanya memberikan dampak pada aspek kesehatan fisik saja, akibat dari guncangan juga berimbas pada kesehatan jiwa. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisa kondisi kesehatan jiwa yang diakibatkan dari pemberitaan covid-19 melalui media massa.  Pandemi ini harus dipahami sebagai kesempatan bagi masyarakat untuk mengaktualisasikan diri ke dalam hal-hal baru, sesuai dengan kebijakan yang dianjurkan pemerintah. Sehingga tidak menimbulkan guncangan emosional yang mengakibatkan tekanan jiwa atau gangguan jiwa.
Studi Korelasional: Status Identitas Vokasional Dan Kesiapan Kerja Siswa SMK Kesehatan Kota Salatiga
Authors: Nuryanto Muhammad
Published: October 2020

Abstract This study aims to determine the relationship between vocational identity status and work readiness of SMK SMK of Health students in the City of Salatiga. The population in this writing is the SMK of Health students in Salatiga. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling, and the number of samples taken was 80 people. From all SMK of Health in the City of Salatiga, the writer takes 2 classes each from 2 SMK of Health. The data in this study were collected from two questionnaires distributed to our selected sample students, namely the vocational identity status scale totaling 27 items with a reliability coefficient of 0.719, and a work readiness scale of 21 items with a reliability coefficient of 0.803. The result of this research is that there is a strong correlation between vocational identity status and work readiness of Health Vocational School students, the higher the level of students' vocational identity status, the higher their work readiness. The level of significance of the correlation is 0, 556 ( 0.05), indicating that the relationship between the two variables is quite significant. AbstrakPenelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara status identitas vokasional dengan kesiapan kerja siswa SMK Kesehatan di Kota Salatiga. Populasi dalam penulisan ini adalah siswa SMK Kesehatan di Salatiga. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling, dan jumlah sampel yang diambil sebanyak 80 orang. Dari keseluruhan SMK Kesehatan di Kota Salatiga, penulis mengambil masing-masing 2 kelas dari 2 SMK Kesehatan. Data pada penelitian kali ini dihimpun dari dua angket yang disebar kepada siswa sample yang telah kita pilih, yakni skala status identitas vokasional berjumlah 27 item dengan koefisien reliabilitas 0,719, serta skala kesiapan kerja berjumlah 21 item dengan koefisien reliabilitas 0,803. Hasil penelitian terdapat hubungan yang cukup kuat antara status identitas vokasional dengan kesiapan kerja siswa SMK Kesehatan, semakin tinggi tingkat status identitas vokasional siswa maka semakin tinggi pula kesiapan kerja mereka. Tingkat signifikansi korelasi adalah 0, 556 ( 0,05), menunjukkan bahwa hubungan antara dua variabel cukup signifikan.
Implementasi Pembelajaran Door to Door Pada Perkembangan Psikologi Belajar Anak di TKIT Raudlotul Mu’minin
Authors: Asfuri Ali
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this research is (1) want to know how to implement door to door learning done by teachers, (2) want to know the development of children learning psychology at TKIT Raudlotul Mu'minin. The study uses a field research approach and is qualitative descriptive. The results showed that the development of child psychology was very influential in the learning activities, because the children had different psychological characteristics and developments. In order to teach learning activities can run well, the strategy of learning with the system from home to home is expected to make children in terms of education is still well served in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic conditions and useful to help the development of children learning psychology.Abstrak Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu (1) ingin mengetahui bagaimana penerapan pembelajaran door to door yang dilakukan oleh guru, (2) ingin mengetahui perkembangan psikologi belajar anak di TKIT Raudlotul Mu’minin. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian lapangan dan bersifat kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perkembangan psikologi anak sangat berpengaruh pada kegiatan belajarnya, sebab anak memiliki karakteristik dan perkembangan psikologis yang berbeda-beda. Agar kegiatan belajar mengajar dapat berjalan dengan baik, maka strategi belajar dengan sistem dari rumah ke rumah diharapkan membuat anak-anak dalam hal pendidikan tetap terlayani dengan baik di tengah kondisi pandemi Covid-19 dan berguna untuk membantu perkembangan psikologi belajar anak.
Nikolay Ivanovich Pirogov as an innovator in anatomy, surgery, and anaesthesiology. Part II
Authors: Hendriks I. F. , Zhuravlev D. A. , Bovill J. G. , Boer F. , Hogendoorn P. C. W. , DeRuiter M. S. , Gaivoronskii I. V.
Published: October 2020

This article is the second of two articles on Nikolay Ivanovich Pirogov. In the first article “Highlights of the professional activities of Nikolay Ivanovich Pirogov before and after his professoriate in Saint Petersburg (1841–1860).” we discussed his early training and his professional development at the Dorpat University and abroad till his appointment in Saint Petersburg 1841. Also is discussed how during and after his professoriate in Saint Petersburg he developed management of mass war casualties. In this second article we highlight his professional career as an anatomist, surgeon and anaesthesiologist. The authors want to emphasize that these two articles are an extract from previously published extensive articles related to Nikolay Ivanovich Pirogov. You can find these articles in the reference list under the name of the first author [12–17].
To the 75th Anniversary of Aleksandr Abramovich Stadnikov
Authors: Shevlyuk N. N. , Blinova E. V.
Published: October 2020

The article is dedicated to the anniversary of Aleksndr Abramovich Stadnikov, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Honored Worker of Higher Education of the Russian Federation. The authors cover in detail the formation of A.A. Stadnikov as a teacher and scientist. Particular attention is paid to his scientific interests, contribution to the development of national science and higher medical education.
Regularities in the distribution of myocardial bridges over the branches of the coronary arteries
Authors: Dmitrieva E. G. , Yakimov A. A.
Published: October 2020

The article highlights peculiarities of localization of myocardial bridges. It is believed that the coronary arteries and their branches are located in the subepicardial tissue. However, some researchers describe cases of intramural localization of their sections. Myocardial bridges – a set of fibers of the ventricular myocardium located over a certain area of the subepicardial branch of the coronary artery - represent variants of such localization.

The aim of the study was to establish the patterns of macroscopic anatomy and topography of myocardial bridges investigating anatomical sections of the human heart in the adult and elderly people.

Material and methods. The study involved 65 formalin-fixed sample preparations of the human heart of the adult and elderly people who died of conditions that were not associated with heart diseases. The authors measured transverse and longitudinal dimensions of the ventricular complex of the heart, and calculated the transverse-longitudinal index. Subepicardial vessels were prepared without prior injection. The number of myocardial bridges over the main branches of the coronary arteries was counted and their length was measured. The type of blood supply to the heart was determined according to a three-member classification, depending on the source of discharge of the posterior interventricular branch.

Results. Myocardial bridges were observed on 44 (67.6%) sample preparations. As a rule, they were located over the branches of the left coronary artery (91.5%). They were typically located in the proximal half of the anterior interventricular sulcus. The length of the bridges ranged from 2.5 to 64 mm (Me = 13 mm). A direct positive correlation was found between the length of the ventricular complex of the heart and the length of the bridges. The relationship between the type of blood supply to the heart and the presence of bridges was not revealed. In 26 preparations, a cone artery departed from the right coronary sinus of the aorta, in addition to the right coronary artery, and bridges were observed in 17 sample preparations.

Conclusion. Myocardial bridges are more typical for the branches of the left coronary artery compared to the right. They are typically localized in the proximal third of the anterior interventricular sulcus. There is a dependence between the length of the bridges and the length of the ventricular complex of the heart. The distribution and number of myocardial bridges does not depend on the type of blood supply to the heart, but is associated with the independent discharge of the cone artery from the aorta.
Development of sacral vertebrae in human embryos and fetuses
Authors: Kabak S. L. , Zatochnaya V. V.
Published: October 2020

The aim of the study is to define the features of organogenesis and histogenesis of sacral vertebrae in human embryos, which predetermine the anatomical structure of the sacrum in postnatal ontogenesis.

Material and methods. The authors studied human embryo serial sections at 17–23 stages from the Carnegie virtual embryological collection, total preparations and serial sections of the lumbosacral region of the fetal spine at 8–20 weeks of gestation without visible developmental anomalies. Histological sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin; total preparations were stained with alizarin red and alcian blue. In addition, the study included 19 adult sacra from the anatomical collection of the Belarusian State Medical University.

Results. It was found that consolidation of the anlages of the upper sacral vertebrae starts at the early stages of embryogenesis by the fusion of their costal-transverse processes. During the first half of intrauterine development, the arch and articular processes of the adjacent vertebrae remain separate from each other. In contrast to other segments of the spinal column, five primary centers of ossification are formed in the anlages of the upper sacral vertebrae
Morphometric features of the fetal thyroid gland: ultrasound examination findings
Authors: Murtazina N. I. , Lutsai E. D. , Sarenko A. A.
Published: October 2020

The article discusses features of morphometric parameters of the thyroid gland based on results of ultrasound examination. The need to study development of the thyroid gland in the fetus is due to the high prevalence of thyroid pathology and the possibility of its early prenatal diagnostics.

The aim of the study was to characterize morphometric parameters of the fetal thyroid gland at 20–24 weeks of gestation using ultrasound examination.

Material and methods. In the study the thyroid glands of 70 fetuses, both male and female, at the age of 20-24 weeks, were exposed to ultrasound examination. During ultrasound examination, the authors evaluated linear parameters, an organ perimeter, thyroid volume, and growth rate.

Results. Ultrasound examination of fetuses aged 20–24 weeks demonstrated that all anatomical structures of the thyroid gland were well visualized on the images. The period from the 20th to the 24th week of the fetal intrauterine development was accompanied by an increase in the studied parameters of the thyroid gland, the growth intensity ranged from 3% (width of the left lobe) to 37% (thyroid volume). In female fetuses, the lobe sizes of the thyroid gland and the index of the thyroid volume prevailed. This period was also characterized by a low (up to 14%) growth intensity of certain linear parameters in male and female fetuses in different age subgroups.

Conclusion. Starting from the 20th week of intrauterine development, ultrasound examination allows detecting features of the topography, quantitative anatomy and growth intensity of the fetal thyroid gland. The data obtained evidence the possibility of assessing the state of the thyroid gland during ultrasound screening of a fetus.
Constitutional characteristics of the body surface area in women of different somatotypes
Authors: Sakibaev K. Sh.
Published: October 2020

The aim of the study is to determine the features of the skin area in Kyrgyz women population in view of their constitutional groups and somatotypes.

Material and methods. We studied the physical status of 1028 Kyrgyz women of different age groups – the juvenile age group (n=310), the 1st adulthood age group (n=310), and the 2nd adulthood age group (n=410) living in Osh and its neighborhood applying anthropometric and bioimpedance methods. Statistical data processing was performed by statistical programs Microsoft Excel and the package STATISTICA 6.0. The differences between the two compared values were determined by the Student's criterion and they were considered significant at p<0.05.

Results. The performed study revealed the constitutional and somatotypological features of the skin area in the juvenile and both periods of adulthood in the female population. The body surface area is minimal in women of leptosomic group and maximum in megalosomic one. Somatotypological specificity is determined by the minimum value of this indicator in women of asthenic and stenoplastic types and by the maximum value in representatives of the euriplastic tall type. There is the tendency to increase the body skin area from the juvenile to the 2nd period of adulthood, which is typical for women of all somatotypes and constitutional groups.

Conclusion. The area of the skin is one of the indicators of human physical development, which has somatotypological specificity in representatives of various constitutional groups of the studied women population. The presented materials on the constitutional and typological features of the women’s physical status in relative norm conditions can serve as one of the bases for further development of a personalized approach in clinical medicine.
Characteristics of immunomorphological processes in the spleen of patients with immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Fedorovskaya N. S. , Zheleznov L. M. , Petrov S. V. , Zaitsev V. B.
Published: October 2020

The aimof the study was to characterize the immunomorphological processes in the spleen of patients with immune thrombocytopenia depending on the form of the disease and the response to splenectomy.

Material and methods.The study included the spleens of 50 patients with immune thrombocytopenia, including 32 women (64%) and 18 men (35%). The median age was 38.0 (22.8; 52.0) years. Depending on the form of the disease, all patients with immune thrombocytopenia were divided into three groups: first diagnosed disease (n=12); persistent form (n=20); and chronic form (n=18). All cases of immune thrombocytopenia were divided into two subgroups: 1 (n=32) – patients who were in remission after splenectomy; 2 (n=18) – people with refractory disease after splenectomy The comparison group was represented by spleens autopsy material of 20 people who had no history of blood system and liver diseases, or other pathology. The median age was 39 (27; 65) years. Histological, immunohistochemical, and morphometric methods were used to study the size of the red and white spleen pulps, as well as their cellular composition.

Results.In patients with immune thrombocytopenia who responded to splenectomy, the spleen morphology was characterized as corresponding to stages I–II of the immune response. In the subgroup with a refractory course of the disease and in patients with a persistent form, the condition of the spleen corresponded to stages II–III of the immune response, which indicated a longer or aggressive course of the disease. Reducing the size of the periarterial lymphoid muffs, regardless of the response to splenectomy in relation to the comparison group (p<0.05), reflects the pathogenesis of the disease and presents the effect of immunosuppressive therapy on T-cell area of white pulp. Changes in the cell composition of the spleen in patients with immune thrombocytopenia were characterized by an increase in the relative and absolute number of B and T lymphocytes in the white and red pulps, macrophages (CD68+) and dendritic cells (CD35+, S100+). An increase in the content of lymphoid elements expressing CD4+ in white and red pulps, as well as CD8+ T-lymphocytes in the red pulp indicates a multifactorial development of autoimmune disorders in this disease. A significant increase in the number of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and CD68+ macrophages in the red pulp in patients with refractory course of immune thrombocytopenia compared to those who responded to splenectomy (p<0.05) indicates that cytotoxic T-lymphocytes along with macrophages are actively involved in the destruction of platelets in patients resistant to the surgical treatment of the disease. Morphometric criteria for unfavorable prognosis of immune thrombocytopenia after splenectomy were determined.
Morphofunctional and immunohistochemical characteristics of the large omentum in ovarian cancer
Authors: Shevlyuk N. N. , Khalikova L. V. , Khalikov A. A.
Published: October 2020

The aim of the study was to establish morphofunctional and immunohistochemical characteristics of large omentum in women with ovarian cancer.

Material and methods. The large omenta of 48 women with ovarian cancer (low-grade differentiated seropapillary adenocarcinoma of high-grade malignancy) of II stage (n=20) and III stage (n=28) were studied. Histological sections were stained with overview histological and immunohistochemical methods (to reveal ki67, P53, CD34, CD7, CD4, CD8, CD61 proteins expression).

Results. In patients, the size of the large omentum was characterized by high individual variability; in the presence of metastasis, the size of the omentum was reduced. Intensive development of blood vessels in the organ was noted, but in the presence of metastases stasis of blood corpuscles, leucocytic infiltration, and moderate edema of connective tissue were observed in the organ’s vessels. Areas of lymphoid tissue, both small lymphatic follicles and diffusely located lymphoid tissue, were revealed in the omentum. In most follicles, reactive centers were not marked, and the number of follicles was reduced in the presence of metastases in the omentum. The analysis of CD34+ cells distribution showed that they were identified both in the tumor and in the areas of the omentum adjacent to the tumor, which indicates a pronounced angiogenesis. An irregular distribution of CD7+ and CD8+ and CD4+ cells was revealed in the tumor tissues, as well as in the surroundings. Simultaneously with the expression of P53 protein, ki67 protein expression is revealed in the significant number of tumor cells (including endothelial cells of tumor blood vessels). The proportion of ki67+ cells in the tumor cell population was 60.1±3.3%. The presence of a large number of ki67+cells in the presence of P53 protein expression in them indicates the aggressiveness of the tumor, as well as a disturbance of apoptosis regulatory mechanisms in the cells. Ki67 expression was low in the omentum areas unaffected by metastases, and it was revealed in the certain areas of connective tissue in fibroblastic programmed differentiation cells.

Conclusion. The results obtained indicate significant plasticity and reactivity of great omentum in the presence of tumor process in the body and confirm the important role of great omentum in protective reactions.
Molecular and cellular mechanisms of central nervous system alteration in COVID-19
Authors: Alexeeva N. T. , Sokolov D. A. , Nikityuk D. B. , Klochkova S. V. , Kvaratskheliya A. G.
Published: October 2020

The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic dictates the need to study the molecular and cellular mechanisms of interaction between the pathogen and the human body. The manifestation of neurological symptoms in some patients with COVID-19 is a problem for neuroscientists due to the insufficiently understood pathomorphogenesis of the disease. This review systematizes the literature data reflecting the ways of penetration of SARS-CoV-2 into the brain, features of its interaction with neurons, neuroglia, and immune cells. It has been shown that the main mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 neuroinvasion are presumably retrograde axonal transport along the fibers of the olfactory and vagus nerves; penetration through the damaged blood-brain barrier (BBB) or migration of immunocompetent cells containing viral particles through the intact BBB. It was found that virusinducible neuronal death is caused not only by a direct cytotoxic effect, but also due to dysregulation of the reninangiotensin system of the brain and the release of a large amount of inflammatory cytokines as a manifestation of a “cytokine storm”. The participation of neuroglial cells in the initiation and maintenance of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative processes due to the activation of their proinflammatory phenotype has been demonstrated. The role of mast cells in antiviral defense mechanisms and inflammatory reactions is discussed.
Morphofunctional features of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue of intestine as an organ of immune system and its role in the development of diseases
Authors: Ukrainets R. V. , Korneva Yu. S. , Alenina G. N. , Doronina N. V.
Published: October 2020

Reticuloendothelial system (RES) is considered one of the local immune response regulation centers. It takes part in most physiological and pathological processes, namely, in local homeostasis, in regulation of trophism and immunological responses of both primary and secondary immune responses. The main cell population of (RES) is a macrophage, which is a stationary cell that can move only within the tissue layer. Dendritic cells as representatives of (RES) as well are under direct control of macrophages. Up to 80% of all immunocompetent cells are concentrated in the intestinal mucosa. For adequate interaction with the intestinal microbiota and ensuring immunological tolerance to normal commensals, there is a lymphoid tissue associated with the intestinal mucosa (gut-associated lymphoid tissue – GALT), in which mononuclear phagocytes perform their most significant functions. When pathogenic microorganisms enter the mucosa, the network of resident macrophages as an immune barrier triggers an inflammatory response to further stabilize homeostasis. However, a pronounced microbial and antigenic load in the gut requires the mandatory presence of specific immune cells – lymphocytes, whose immature forms are located in GALT structures and specialize under the guidance of mononuclear phagocytes. After the final differentiation, lymphocytes expressing integrin α4β7 are able to return from the systemic bloodstream to the intestinal mucosa to perform highly specific functions. This phenomenon is called the homing effect. It was noted that in non-specific ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, both the number of regulatory T-lymphocytes and their expression of integrin α4β7 increases. The pathology of the homing effect, according to some researchers, explains the possibility of follow-up secondary lesions in chronic inflammatory bowel diseases with the development of systemic pathology.
Age-related description of the posterior structures of the nasal cavity in children
Authors: Gaivoronskii I. V. , Markeeva M. V. , Aleshkina O. Yu. , Tarasova N. V.
Published: October 2020

The aim of the study was to describe morphometric characteristics of the posterior parts of the nasal cavity in different periods of childhood and to specify the age-related norm for improving surgical treatment options of choanal atresia and providing an optimal access to the anterior part of the skull base.

Material and methods. The study included 87 children aged 1-21 who were exposed to craniometry of the nasal cavity structures.

Results. The age-related variability of the linear dimensions and shape of the choanae, their relationship with the dimensions of the pyriform aperture and the height of the nasal cavity in the posterior part were defined in the study. The increase in the height of the choanae and the height of the nasal cavity at the back starts from 2– 3 years of age, and the width – from 8–12 years of age. The height and width of the pyriform aperture are equal to the age of 8–12; these parameters increase in older children's groups with a predominance of the height over the width. The height of the nasal cavity at the back increases in all age periods. The growth of the studied structures of the nasal cavity is completed by adolescence. In infancy, the height of the choanae is less than the height of the nasal cavity at the back by 45%, and less than the height of the pyriform aperture by 20%; in adolescence, these ratios are 42% and 23%, respectively. In infancy the choanal width is less than the width of the pyriform aperture by 49%, and in adolescence – by 40%. In infancy and early childhood, the choanae are typically small in height and width. Their shape is round in 25% of cases, however, ovoid shape is also found. The height and width of the pyriform-shaped aperture at these age periods are similar and do not exceed 17–18 mm; the height of the nasal cavity at the back is 25–27 mm.

Conclusion. The authors have described age-related morphometric features of the posterior structures of the nasal cavity. These features should be taken into account by otorhinolaryngologists and neurosurgeons when planning endoscopic intranasal surgical access in children. The younger the child is, the more difficult it is to perform a surgery due to the significant restriction of the access resulted from the small size of the piriform opening and the nasal cavity, and the obstinacy of the nasal septum. When performing choanotomy for atresia, it is necessary to form the choana comparing it in shape and size with the age-related norm
Angelica TatianaeBordz new distribution areas and study their coumarin derivatives
Authors: MAMMADOVA Husniya , MASHAYEVA Sevil
Published: October 2020

There are nearly 4500 kinds of plants in Azerbaijan flora. Among these plants, the Apiaceae Lindl family takes a special place. This family is represented in the world with 400 genders. Among the genders including this family Angelica L. Gender attracts attention for its specific features. There are 115 types of this gender in the world (plant list 2013, 115), (plant list 2018, 116) [1]. In Azerbaijan flora, Angelica L. gender is represented with 3 types: Angelica TatianaeBordz, A.sachokiana, and Angelica Purpurascens [2].

Angelica L. gender is a rare kind of Azerbaijan flora. A.Tatianae is a noticeable perennial plant. A.Tatianae is a very valuable medicinal plant with 1-1,5m height and an empty stem. It passes to the blooming phase in July, the flowers are white. The length of the petals is about 1-2mm. The columns are short cone-shaped. The column is much longer than under columns and they are folded. The length of the umbrellas consists of various, roughly 25-35 rays. The petals are white and are gathered in the umbrella flower group. The sizes of the edge and middle flowers are different. The grown seeds are wide oval-shaped, backbones are narrow, from sides are large winged, above is naked. The length of the seed is 10 mm; the width is 5-6mm and consists of ribs. The seed has a specific dark smell.

The leaf limb is wide triangle-shaped, consists of 3 parts, it is featherlike, the length is about 30 cm, initial slices of a leaf are wide egg-shaped and the length is 20-25cm. The deep featherlike cut sharply pointed part is 6-8cm. The edges are unequal sharp cogged; the veinlet is short-hairy especially at the bottom part. Inside the stem is empty. It has a bitter taste. Coumarins are widely spread in types of Apiaceae, especially in the genus Angelica L.

Root parts of Angelica Tatianae type which were gathered from the west part of the Azerbaijan Gadabay region were cut, dried and substance mixture (17g) was used by extraction with (120g) alcohol 3 times. Three substances were extracted from chromatography of extracts from the root system of AngeliciaTatianae. The structures of matter are determined chemically and spectrally. The thin layer chromatography method was used to determine the individuality of the substances derived from the root of the plant, which has been identified as substances isopimpinellin, coumarin, xanthotoxin.
EQUILIBRIUM STUDIES ON Ni(II) and Cu(II) COMPLEXES with 4,7- DIMETHYL-1,10-PHENANTHROLINE and ACIDIC AMINO ACIDS in AQUEOUS SOLUTION
Authors: İNCİ Duygu
Published: October 2020

The aim of this studies are to determine protonation constants of selected ligands {4,7-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (4,7-dmphen), aspartic acid (asp) and glutamic acid (glu)} and their stability constants of (1:1) and (1:1:1) complexes with Ni(II) and Cu(II) ion were determined I = 0.1 M KCl and T = 298.15 K. The protonation constants of the 4,7-dmphen, asp and glu and their stability constants of the (1:1) and (1:1:1) Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes were computed performing BEST program. Moreover, SPE program was used to determine the distribution of the species occured in aqueous solution medium. The stability constants of the (1:1:1) Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes are compared with those of the corresponding the stability of the (1:1) Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes with regard to Δlog K values.
Feasibility of a Tablet-Based Program for Training Everyday Planning in Adolescents With Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Palmqvist Lisa , Danielsson Henrik , Jönsson Arne , Rönnberg Jerker
Published: October 2020

Background

Individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) show difficulties with everyday planning. A tablet-based training program for everyday planning may be a suitable intervention, but its feasibility must be evaluated. This study evaluated how behavior changes during training and if individuals with ID can use technology by themselves.

Method

Thirty-three adolescents with ID and 30 younger children with a typical development were recruited. The participants were instructed to train in school for a total of 300 minutes. After the intervention, the participants were matched on mental age (MA).

Results

Only 16% of the participants trained for all 300 minutes. Participants in the MA group trained for a longer time than the ID group. Both groups made fewer errors per task at the end compared to the beginning. Individuals with ID started off making less attempts per task and increased their activity during the training. This pattern was not seen in the comparison group.

Conclusions

Both groups used the program independently, without adult supervision. However, a large group of participants in the ID group had a low usage time. Thus, the program might not have been feasible for that subgroup. The ID group increased their activity during the training which might mirror a strategy development of how to use the program. The change in behavior in activity on task attempts can be interpreted such that individuals with ID need a longer time to get familiarized with the technology. Tablet-based training programs are feasible for individuals with ID, but it is necessary to follow up on usage time.
Anna's Story: How a Ukrainian Orphan's Acquisition of English as a Second Language Transformed Her Life
Authors: Allen Rebecca , Nakonechnyi Alex , Benedetti Mary Sovik
Published: October 2020

This article presents a case study of an adult Ukrainian orphan, Anna, who acquired English as a second and accessed U.S. higher education despite the fact that adopted children or aged out orphans face a unique constellation of educational and psychological challenges in language learning. This article presents Anna's story in her own voice and advocates for the specialized needs of the underserved, often voiceless thousands of older orphans in war-stricken Ukraine. This article suggests that access to institutional agents and social capital played a key role in Anna's success. Of interest to researchers, the article postulates common, current language learning theory perhaps may not fully explain the distinct processes of language acquisition by institutionalized, language-delayed children. The article also offers tangible lessons for educators of victims of trauma, and would thus be of interest to practitioners as well as researchers in the areas of language acquisition and educational psychology.
A Reachable Governance to Fight COVID-19: Democracy and the Legacy of Embedded Autonomy in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Peters Li-ying
Published: October 2020

Different country showed different governing capacity to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. With reference to the classical concept of embedded autonomy, as used in developmental state of political theory, this paper aims to study the capacity and progression of democratic country, Taiwan, in its fight with the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic and how democratic state, civil society and bureaucrats have affected the response and measures. Taiwan’s case provides a valuable empirical contribution to the understanding of the long term effect of embedded autonomy in a democratic country. This study argues that democracy does matter to fight Covid-19 pandemic, moreover, the legacy of embedded autonomy can be expanded beyond economic development, and successfully used to explain Taiwan’s capacity to fight the COVID-19 pandemic in its early stage. Key observations and discussion addressed in this study includes, first, the extent to which the concept of embedded autonomy is applicable in evaluating and in shaping Taiwan’s efforts to manage the pandemic; second, the extent to which the political system is better at managing COVID-19 crisis by comparing democratic Taiwan and authoritarian China. A central finding of this paper is that, democracy has proven it has the edge in coping with COVID-19 pandemic practically. Theoretically, Taiwan’s case demonstrates a valuable and supplementary example to Evans and Heller (2018) on their broadening view of embedded autonomy. The legacy of the developmental state is applicable to explain Taiwan’s immediate and effective response to the COVID-19 outbreak. A reachable governance to fight COVID-19 lies in ‘the nature of democracy’ and ‘the legacy of embedded autonomy’.
Exploring Family Multi-type Maltreatment, Social Support, and Externalizing and Internalizing Problems Among Asian and Asian American College Students
Authors: Baba Yoko , Lee James D. , Vallerga Michael E.
Published: October 2020

Exposure to family violence as a child has a detrimental long-term impact on one’s life. This relationship is under-researched in Asian populations in the United States or in Asian countries. This study examined long-term effects of maltreatment, including interparental violence and child maltreatment on externalizing and internalizing problems experienced by Asian and Asian American college students. We also explored protective effects of social support against the negative consequences of family maltreatment. Surveying 542 college students in Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, and the United States, we measured effects of family maltreatment on problem outcomes and examined the role of social support. Exposure to dual harm of family maltreatment (i.e., intraparental violence and child maltreatment) increased students’ externalizing problems compared to exposure to one type of family maltreatment, but no differences in internalizing behaviors were found. Effects of social support from parents and peers on externalizing and internalizing problems were neither moderating nor mediating, but direct. Those who received parental support had fewer externalizing behaviors, but effects of peer support were not significant. In contrast, those who obtained parental and peer support showed lower levels of internalizing mental health concerns. Surprisingly, men exhibited more mental health issues than women. Exposure to dual harm increases behavioral problems, but family support can help repair damage among Asian and Asian American college students. The relationship between abuse and problem outcomes was similar across countries, indicating common psychological processes.
Pattern and Extent of Utilization of Social Welfare Schemes by the Elderly in Northern India: An Observational Study
Authors: Sidhu Jasjit Kaur , Rana Kirtan , Khanna Poonam , Singh Tarundeep
Published: October 2020

Background: With the increase in the elderly population in India, state and central government have initiated many schemes for the welfare of the elderly. The current study ascertained the pattern and extent of utilization of social welfare services by the elderly in the rural area of Punjab, a north Indian state.Results: Out of 400 participants, most (72%) of the respondents were females. About 99.5% had an awareness about and 91% were utilizing at least one social welfare scheme. A statistically significant difference was found between the utilization of schemes for availing healthcare services and medicines (p=0.001) and fulfilling basic needs (p=0.01) among rural and urban participants. A significant difference was seen in the number of schemes utilized with economic dependence, source of income, and social class (p<0.05). Lack of knowledge for a scheme was the most common reason for the non-utilization of schemes.Conclusion: The study concluded that the utilization of social welfare schemes can be increased by making them elderly-friendly.
Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma Arising in a Fibrous Dysplasia Confirmed by GNAS Mutation Analysis
Authors: Okuda Miho , Kobayashi Satoshi , Gabata Toshifumi , Yamamoto Norio , Nojima Takayuki
Published: October 2020

Case:

We report the case of a 78-year-old woman with undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) of the proximal femur arising in a previous site of fibrous dysplasia (i.e., a liposclerosing myxofibrous tumor) that had been treated 4 years earlier with curetted surgery. GNAS mutation was detected in both the previous benign lesion and the UPS.

Conclusion:

Genetic analysis is useful in demonstrating the origin of the tumor especially in fibrous dysplasia with severe degeneration that have undergone malignant transformation.
HIV/AIDS-related Knowledge and Behavior among School-attending Afro-Descendant Youths in Ecuador
Authors: Hernandez Isabel , Sharma Vinita , Reina-Ortiz Miguel , Rosas Carlos , Ochoa Tatiana , Izurieta Ricardo , Teran Enrique
Published: October 2020

Background or Objectives: HIV/AIDS transmission in Ecuador is considered a concentrated epidemic; therefore, there are some studies on high risk groups but there is limited published data regarding the HIV/AIDS risk factors among adolescents of African descent. In this study, we sought to explore the determinants of HIV/AIDS-related knowledge and behavior among afro-descendant youths attending schools in the city of Esmeraldas, Ecuador.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey among school-attending youths was conducted in Esmeraldas, Ecuador in 2010. Our target population was afro-descendant youths attending the last two years of high school. Thirty public high schools enrolling students in junior and senior years were identified. Outcome data were analyzed in the form of three composite variables. A multivariate linear regression model was built for each outcome.

Results: A total of 213 school-attending afro-descendant youths aged 14 to 21 years old were enrolled in this study. Gender distribution was almost equal with a 1:1.17 male to female ratio. Overall, students in this population scored well in comprehensive knowledge of HIV with 88% having medium or higher knowledge.

Conclusion and Global Health Implications: Knowledge of HIV and its determinants was medium to high, but knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases was low among afro-descendant Ecuadorian adolescents in our study. Results of this study might be instrumental in facilitating decision-making processes related to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of HIV/AIDS prevention and control strategies in this specific population.

Key words: • Afro-descendant • Adolescents • HIV/AIDS • Ecuador • Condom use • Risk factors• Epidemiology • Youths • Sexually transmitted infections • Transmission

 

Copyright © 2020 Hernandez et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0)which permits unre-stricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in this journal, is properly cited.