bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Facilitating caregiver‐child interactions in home visiting: A qualitative observational study
Authors: Huber Luke Timothy , Molthen Faith , Cook Gina , Hughes‐Belding Kere
Published: May 2023

Facilitating parent‐child interactions is a key component of evidence‐based early childhood home visiting programs. Several observational measures have been created to effectively capture home visiting activities from an operationalized perspective. While the field has a reasonable understanding of what home visitors can do to facilitate developmentally supportive interactions, and why, the how remains elusive for many home visitors. This qualitative study used a modified grounded theory approach to examine the facilitation of caregiver‐child interactions during home visits. Home visit video recordings previously coded using the Home Visit Rating Scale (HOVRS) A+ were selected based on facilitation quality. Sixteen home visits (8 lower‐ and 8 higher‐quality facilitation scores) were examined for differences in home visitor behaviors that support parent‐child interactions during visits. We identified contextual and specific behaviors that home visitors used to actively engage caregivers and children together in developmentally supportive interactions. Results revealed 11 home visitor behaviors that discriminated higher quality facilitation. These behaviors were categorized into four domains: environmental conditions, executing the activity, strengths‐based focus, and caregiver responses. This qualitative study highlights specific behaviors and professional development areas to support more effective home visiting services for a diverse population of families with young children.
Disruption of neurosteroid synthesis and release by tris(2,3‐dibromopropyl)isocyanurate in primary mouse cortical astrocytes in vitro
Authors: Szychowski Konrad A. , Skóra Bartosz
Published: May 2023

Neurosteroidogenesis in astrocytes is crucial for the proper development and functioning of the brain. During this process, key neurohormones such as progesterone (P4), testosterone (T), and estradiol (E2) are produced. Proper production and release of neurosteroids can be affected by substances referred to as endocrine‐disrupting compounds (EDCs). Tris‐(2,3‐dibromopropyl)isocyanurate (TBC) is a representative of novel brominated flame retardants used to stop ignition or reduce fire‐related property damage to plastics, polyolefin, polyphenyl alkene, unsaturated polyester, synthetic rubber, and fibers. Interestingly, previous studies have shown that TBC can enhance the proliferation of estradiol‐sensitive breast cancers in vitro, which suggests that TBC has EDC properties. Therefore, given the suspected endocrine‐disrupting properties of TBC, the aim of the present study was to determine the impact of TBC on the neurosteroid (P4, T, and E2) production and secretion as well as the mRNA expression of key enzymes involved in its production in mouse astrocytes in vitro. Our paper shows that TBC increases P4 production with a strong decrease in T production, which is accompanied by a decrease in Cyp17a1 mRNA expression, that is, the main enzyme metabolizing P4 to T. Moreover, TBC in both studied concentrations increases P4 secretion in the culture medium. Finally, our studies have demonstrated an increase in the expression of Cyp19a1 mRNA, an enzyme metabolizing T to E2, with a simultaneous increase in the amount of E2 in cells. Our data clearly show that TBC in an in vitro environment acts as EDCs, which may lead to serious consequences for the proper development and functioning of the brain.
Targeting extracellular vesicle delivery to the lungs by microgel encapsulation
Authors: Cober Nicholas D. , Rowe Katelynn , Deng Yupu , Benavente‐Babace Ainara , Courtman David W. , Godin Michel , Stewart Duncan J.
Published: May 2023

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by stem and progenitor cells have significant potential as cell‐free ‘cellular’ therapeutics. Yet, small EVs (<200 nm) are rapidly cleared after systemic administration, mainly by the liver, presenting challenges targeting EVs to a specific organ or tissue. Microencapsulation using natural nano‐porous hydrogels (microgels) has been shown to enhance engraftment and increase the survival of transplanted cells. We sought to encapsulate EVs within microgels to target their delivery to the lung by virtue of their size‐based retention within the pulmonary microcirculation. Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) derived EVs were labelled with the lipophilic dye (DiR) and encapsulated within agarose‐gelatin microgels. Endothelial cells and bone marrow derived macrophages were able to take up EVs encapsulated in microgels in vitro, but less efficiently than the uptake of free EVs. Following intrajugular administration, microgel encapsulated EVs were selectively retained within the lungs for 72h, while free EVs were rapidly cleared by the liver. Furthermore, microgel‐loaded EVs demonstrated greater uptake by lung cells, in particular CD45+ immune cells, as assessed by flow cytometry compared to free EVs. Microencapsulation of EVs may be a novel tool for enhancing the targeted delivery of EVs for future therapeutic applications.
Mapping sparse signed graphs to (K2k,M) $({K}_{2k},M)$
Authors: Naserasr Reza , Škrekovski Riste , Wang Zhouningxin , Xu Rongxing
Published: May 2023

A homomorphism of a signed graph to is a mapping of vertices and edges of to (respectively) vertices and edges of such that adjacencies, incidences, and the signs of closed walks are preserved. We observe in this work that, for , the ‐coloring problem of a given graph can be captured by homomorphism to from a signed bipartite graph that is built from . Here assigns a negative sign to the edges of a perfect matching and a positive sign to the rest. Motivated by these reformulations and in connection with results on 3‐colorings of planar graphs, such as Grötzsch's theorem, we prove that any signed graph with the maximum average degree strictly less than admits a homomorphism to . For , we show that the maximum average degree being strictly less than 3 would suffice for a signed graph to admit a homomorphism to . Both of these bounds are tight. We discuss applications of our work to signed planar graphs and its connection to the study of homomorphisms of 2‐edge‐colored graphs. Among a number of interesting questions that are left open, a notable one is a possible extension of Steinberg's conjecture for the class of signed bipartite planar graphs.
Deep brain stimulation and intrathecal/intraventricular baclofen for glutaric aciduria type 1: A scoping review, individual patient data analysis, and clinical trials review
Authors: Shlobin Nathan A. , Hofmann Katherine , Keating Robert F. , Oluigbo Chima O.
Published: May 2023

Glutaric aciduria type 1 (GA1) is an autosomal recessive disease frequently leading to dystonia. Deep brain stimulation (DBS), intrathecal baclofen (ITB), and intraventricular baclofen (IVB) are the current interventional treatment options for refractory dystonia. We performed a scoping review, individual patient data (IPD) analysis, and clinical trials review to summarize the existing literature on these interventions in this population, characterize outcomes, and suggest directions for future investigation. PubMed, Embase, and Scopus were searched following PRISMA guidelines. IPD were extracted from studies providing IPD for GA1 patients. ClinicalTrials.gov was reviewed. Of 139 articles, 7 studies with 10 patients were included. In study‐level data, 2/4 (50.0%) DBS studies found no improvement in dystonia and 3/3 (100%) on baclofen found decreased dystonia and enteral medication regimen. In the IPD analysis, four studies with 5 patients (2 IVB, 2 DBS, 1 ITB) were included. The average percent reduction in dystonia was 29.9% ± 32.5% (median:18%, IQR:18%–29.2%). Function improved in 4 (80.0%) patients. All patients with reported changes in enteral dystonia‐related medication regimen (3/3, 100%) reported reduction in medication usage. No patients (0%) had perioperative complications. Mean follow‐up length was 14.8 ± 12.2 months. No interventional clinical trials were found. ITB, IVB, and DBS represent present neuromodulatory approaches for the treatment of GA1. ITB and IVB reduce dystonia, while DBS has a heterogeneous effect. ITB and IVB improved function and reduced enteral medication regimens. These findings must be viewed with caution considering limited data and a serious risk of bias. Further large‐scale studies are necessary to determine indications for ITB, IVB, and DBS and elucidate treatment algorithms.
25‐hydroxycholesterol inhibits human papillomavirus infection in cervical epithelial cells by perturbing cytoskeletal remodeling
Authors: Li Boning , Hua Chen , Tian Pu , Sha Yiou , Zhang Lu , Wang Qian , Lu Lu , Jiang Shibo , Sui Long
Published: May 2023

Persistent high‐risk human papilloma virus (HR‐HPV) infection is the main risk factor for cervical cancer, threatening women's health. Despite growing prophylactic vaccination, annual cervical cancer cases are still increasing and show a trend of younger onset age. However, therapeutic approaches towards HPV infection are still limited. 25‐hydrocholesterol (25HC) has a wide‐spectrum inhibitory effect on a variety of viruses. To explore efficient interventions to restrict HPV infection at an early time, we applied different pseudoviruses (PsV) to evaluate anti‐HPV efficacy of 25HC. We tested PsV inhibition by 25HC in cervical epithelial‐derived HeLa and C‐33A cells, using high‐risk (HPV16, HPV18, HPV59), possibly carcinogenic (HPV73), and low‐risk (HPV6) HPV PsVs. Then we established murine genital HPV PsV infection models and applied IVIS to evaluate anti‐HPV efficacy of 25HC in vivo. Next, with the help of confocal imaging, we targeted 25HC activity at filopodia upon HPV exposure. After that, we used RNA‐seq and Western blot analysis to investigate (1) how 25HC disturbs actin cytoskeleton remodeling during HPV infection and (2) how prenylation regulates the cytoskeletal remodeling signaling pathway. Our findings suggest that 25HC perturbs F‐actin rearrangement by reducing small GTPase prenylation. In this way, the phenomenon of HPV virion surfing was restricted, leading to failed infection.
Application of soy protein isolate–xylose conjugates for improving the viability and stability of probiotics microencapsulated by spray drying
Authors: Du Tonghao , Liu Zhanggen , Guan Qianqian , Xiong Tao , Peng Fei
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND

Production and consumption of probiotics need to meet many adverse stresses, which can reduce their health‐promoting effects on humans. Microencapsulation is an effective technique to improve the biological activity of probiotics and wall materials are also required during encapsulation. Application of Maillard reaction products (MRPs) in probiotic delivery is increasing.

RESULTS

This work aims to study the effects of soy protein isolate (SPI)–xylose conjugates heated at different times on the viability and stability of probiotics. SPI–xylose MRPs formed after heat treatment based on changes in the browning intensity, sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. After heat treatment, α‐helix and β‐sheet contents of SPI–xylose mixture shifted from 11.3% and 31.3% to 6.4–11.0% and 31.0–36.9%, respectively, and the thermal stability slightly changed. During spray drying, except for MRP240@LAB, probiotic viability was higher in the MRP‐based probiotic microcapsules (21.36–25.31%) than in Mix0@LAB (20.17%). MRP‐based probiotic microcapsules had smaller particle sizes (431.1–1243.0 nm vs. 7165.0 nm) and greater intestinal digestion tolerance than Mix0@LAB. Moreover, the MRP‐based probiotic microcapsules showed better storability than Mix0@LAB and adequate growth and metabolism capacity.

CONCLUSION

SPI–xylose Maillard reaction products are a promising wall material for probiotics microencapsulation, which can improve bacterial survivability during spray drying and enhance bacterial gastrointestinal digestion resistance. This study sheds light on preparing probiotic microcapsules with superior properties by spray drying. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
The technology of high‐power ultrasound and its effect on the color and aroma of rosé wines
Authors: Labrador Fernández Lara , Pérez‐Porras Paula , Díaz‐Maroto María Consuelo , Gómez‐Plaza Encarna , Pérez‐Coello María Soledad , Bautista‐Ortín Ana Belén
Published: May 2023

Background

The application of high‐power ultrasound (US) has been studied extensively to obtain value‐added red wines using short maceration times. It is a technique of wide interest for the extraction of aromatic compounds and compounds responsible for color, so it could also be an important tool to use in the elaboration process of rosé wines. Thus, this study focused on the effect of the application of US on the phenolic, aromatic, and sensorial profile of rosé wines. For this, three different types of rosé wine were produced: a control with direct pressing after crushing, another wine obtained from a 4 h macerated must, and a wine whose crushed and destemmed grape was sonicated and subsequently pressed.

Results

The results showed a higher color intensity and a higher total polyphenol and anthocyanin content in the wine obtained from sonicated grape compared to both control wine and that obtained from grape macerated for 4 h. Ultrasound treatment enhanced the extraction of varietal volatile compounds in must, especially the free faction of terpenes and norisoprenoids. It also gave rise to wines with a higher concentration of C6 alcohols and other compounds such as guaiacol and 4‐vinylguaiacol, but led to fewer fatty acids, especially C6, C4 and C8 acids. Sensorially these wines showed intense aromas of red fruits and flowers, while no defects in aroma or astringency were found.

Conclusions

The color and sensory profile of the resulting wines indicate that the US may be an interesting tool for obtaining quality rosé wines, replacing the maceration stage and reducing potential oxidation problems. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Sustainable tourism development in a host community: The mediating role of community resilience in response to disasters and crises
Authors: Yang Eunjung , Kim Jinwon
Published: May 2023

Given the increasing risks from disasters and crises, prioritizing resilient and sustainable tourism development has become imperative. Using resilience theory, this research proposed an integrated tourism‐community resilience‐quality of life (QOL) framework, considering both the recurring major natural hazards and the COVID‐19 crisis in a host community. Based on the integrated framework, we tested the individual‐level relationships between tourism, community resilience, and QOL. We surveyed 339 residents in Florida, a state which faces high risks from natural hazards and infectious diseases. Findings showed that community resilience significantly mediated the relationship between tourism and QOL and demonstrated the different mediating roles of community resilience by the disaster and crisis. These findings can help community practitioners understand how community resilience functions in the positive and/or negative relationships between tourism and QOL during a disaster/crisis, eventually supporting resilient and sustainable tourism development.
Integrating ocean observations across body‐size classes to deliver benthic invertebrate abundance and distribution information
Authors: Ruhl Henry A. , Bett Brian J. , Ingels Jeroen , Martin Adrian , Gates Andrew R. , Yool Andrew , Benoist Noëlie M.A. , Appeltans Ward , Howell Kerry L. , Danovaro Roberto
Published: May 2023

Invertebrate animals living at the seafloor make up a prominent component of life globally, spanning 10 orders of magnitude in body size over 71% of Earth's surface. However, integrating information across sizes and sampling methodologies has limited our understanding of the influence of natural variation, climate change and human activity. Here, we outline maturing practices that can underpin both the feasibility and impact of establishing Benthic Invertebrate Abundance and Distribution as a Global Ocean Observing System—Essential Ocean Variable, including: (1) quantifying individual body size, (2) identifying the well‐quantified portions of sampled body‐size spectra, (3) taking advantage of (semi‐)automated information processing, (4) application of metadata standards such as Darwin Core, and (5) making data available through internationally recognized access points. These practices enable broader‐scale analysis supporting research and sustainable development, such as assessments of indicator taxa, biodiversity, biomass, and the modeling of carbon stocks and flows that are contiguous over time and space.
Sulfate enrichment in estuaries of the northwestern Gulf of Mexico: The potential effect of sulfide oxidation on carbonate chemistry under a changing climate
Authors: Yin Hang , Hu Xinping , Dias Larissa M.
Published: May 2023

Water quality parameters from 2000 to 2020 were used to identify the spatial and temporal sulfate variations in estuaries of the northwestern Gulf of Mexico. Sulfate enrichment relative to conservative mixing was found to be associated with a low river discharge period from 2012 to 2014 in all estuaries. Based on reaction stoichiometry, sedimentary sulfide oxidation holds significant potential for reducing the alkalinity in estuarine waters. However, during this extreme drought, alkalinity enrichment was also occasionally observed in some of the southern estuaries along with sulfate enrichment, and when alkalinity depletion occurred, the magnitude of depletion was usually much less than what would be expected based on sulfide oxidation alone. This discrepancy can be partially explained by carbonate dissolution and other proton removal pathways (e.g., Fe‐oxide dissolution), and by the uncertainties in the model used to estimate alkalinity enrichment/depletion. Under a changing climate, the close coupling between river discharge variation and estuarine sulfate dynamics will significantly impact estuarine carbonate chemistry.
Unravelling the corrosion processes at steel/bentonite interfaces in in situ tests
Authors: Wersin Paul , Hadi Jebril , Kiczka Mirjam , Jenni Andreas , Grenèche Jean‐Marc , Diomidis Nikitas , Leupin Olivier X. , Svensson Daniel , Sellin Patrik , Reddy Bharti , Smart Nicholas , Zhang Zhidong
Published: May 2023

Microscopic and spectroscopic analyses were conducted on steel/bentonite interface samples removed from four in situ experiments that were carried out in three underground research laboratories at different temperatures and under different hydraulic and geochemical conditions. The results provide valuable information about the corrosion processes occurring in high‐level radioactive waste repositories. Systematic patterns can be deduced from the results, irrespective of carbon steel grade, type of bentonite and its degree of compaction, geochemical environment or experimental setup. Thus, a clear dependence of the corrosion rates on temperature and exposure period, as well as on the availability of H2O and O2 provided by the surrounding bentonite buffer, is observed. Furthermore, Fe(II) ions released by corrosion interact with the structural Fe in the clay. Recent developments highlight the usefulness of reactive transport modelling in understanding the coupled corrosion and Fe–clay interaction processes.
Increasing purchase intention while limiting binge‐eating: The role of repeating the same flavor‐giving ingredient image on a front of package
Authors: Thomas Fanny , Capelli Sonia
Published: May 2023

Food managers face the dilemma of having to increase their product sales products without increasing risk for obesity. Here we posit that a strategy based on repeating front‐of‐package images of a flavor ingredient can help solve this dilemma. Prior literature reports positive benefits in terms of purchase from displaying one or more front‐of‐package flavor‐giving ingredient images but offers limited insights into the effect of repeating the same flavor‐giving ingredient image. Based on four experiments, we found a differential effect of flavor‐giving ingredient images repetition on consumption and purchase intention only when cognitive resources were available. The more flavor‐giving ingredient images, the lower product consumption (Study 1), but the easier mental flavor imagery, and the stronger purchase intention (Study 2). Specifically, the increase in flavor mental imagery produced by image repetition induces sensory‐specific satiety that drives more intention to purchase (Study 3). These findings are of interest for both reducing obesity due to overeating and designing front‐of‐package imagery.
H∞ synchronization of Markov jump neural networks with MPDT switching transition probabilities under DoS attacks
Authors: Wang Xiaomin , Li Feng , Shen Hao , Wang Jing
Published: May 2023

In this paper, the
synchronization issue of discrete‐time Markov jump neural networks under DoS attacks is studied, in which the transition probability of the Markov chain is considered as time‐varying governed by a mode‐dependent persistent dwell‐time switching rule. The purpose of this paper is to design a suitable controller such that mean‐square exponentially stable of the synchronization error system can be accomplished, and an
performance is satisfied under denial of service (DoS) attacks. In order to reduce the conservatism of obtained results, some synchronization analysis criteria are obtained by adopting an activation function division method. Based on these criteria, an effective security synchronization controller design method is presented. Conclusively, an example is given to verify the validity of the results.
α#x02010;robust H1‐norm convergence analysis of L1FEM‐ADI scheme for 2D/3D subdiffusion equation with initial singularity
Authors: Wang Yue , Zhu Beibei , Chen Hu
Published: May 2023

For solving the two‐ and three‐dimensional time‐fractional subdiffusion equations (TFDE) whose solutions have weak singularities, the L1FEM‐ADI scheme is established. The Caputo time‐fractional derivative is discretized by L1 scheme on nonuniform mesh, and finite element method (FEM) is utilized in spatial direction. The high dimensional problem is transformed into one‐dimensional problems by alternating direction implicit (ADI) method. In order to avoid the error bound blowup phenomenon when the order of fractional derivative
, an improved discrete fractional Grönwall inequality is employed. Stability and convergence of the fully discrete schemes in
‐norm sense are rigorously established, and the theoretical analysis is sharp as shown in numerical results.
Current‐reused CMOS 8:1 injection‐locked frequency divider employing two wide locking range subfrequency dividers
Authors: Jang Sheng–Lyang
Published: May 2023

Conventional current‐reused 8:1 injection‐locked frequency dividers (ILFDs) either use a 2:1 p‐coreLCsub‐ILFD stacking on a direct‐injection 4:1 n‐coreLCsub‐ILFD or a 2:1 ring‐oscillatorLCsub‐ILFD stacking on a direct‐injection 4:1 n‐coreLCsub‐ILFD. Because the current‐mode 4:1 n‐coreLCsub‐ILFD normally has a smaller locking range, it restricts the locking range of a current‐reused 8:1 ILFD. This article studies a wide locking range 8:1 current‐reused ILFD designed in a 0.18 μm CMOS process. The designed 8:1 ILFD uses a 4:1 ring‐oscillatorLCsub‐ILFD stacking on a direct‐injection 2:1 n‐coreLCsub‐ILFD. At the core power consumption 19.53 mW and at the incident power of 0 dBm, the 8:1 locking range is 1.11 GHz (65.37%), from the incident frequency 4.16–8.2 GHz.
Blickpunkt Anorganik: Anorganische Batteriematerialien
Authors: Pannwitz Andrea , Anjass Montaha
Published: May 2023

Die Energiewende und die Elektrifizierung des Autoverkehrs erfordern mehr Materialien für Akkus. Da der Lithiumbergbau Umweltschäden verursacht, sind Alternativen zu den gängigen Lithiumionenbatterien gesucht. Welche Batteriekonzepte gibt es bereits, und an welchen Materialien wird geforscht?
Endotoxinanalytik: Alternative zum Pfeilschwanzkrebs
Authors: Ehrensberger Christian
Published: May 2023

In der Diagnostik, beim Umweltmonitoring und bei der Überwachung von Wasser sind Endotoxine zu erfassen. Dafür werden nun Analysenverfahren entwickelt, bei denen mit bloßem Auge erkennbar ist, ob Proben diese Schadstoffe enthalten.
Bilanz Freudenberg 2022: Dichten, filtern und reinigen
Authors: Bulmahn Maren
Published: May 2023

Der Weinheimer Freudenberg‐Konzern bleibt ein Mischkonzern mit 457 Gesellschaften, aufgeteilt in elf Geschäftsgruppen. Im Jahr 2022 stiegen die Umsätze in allen Regionen und Geschäftsfeldern.
Bilanzen 2022: Zuwachs trotz Krisen
Authors: Bulmahn Maren
Published: May 2023

Deutsche Chemieunternehmen haben im Jahr 2022 mehr Waren exportiert als importiert: Sie haben mehr eingeführt als im Jahr zuvor, insgesamt aber weniger produziert. Chemiehandelsunternehmen setzten mehr um. Die Zahl der Patentanmeldungen sank in allen Branchen, Frauen meldeten aber mehr an als zuvor.
A ⋆‐product solver with spectral accuracy for non‐autonomous ordinary differential equations
Authors: Pozza Stefano , Van Buggenhout Niel
Published: May 2023

A new method for solving non‐autonomous ordinary differential equations is proposed, the method achieves spectral accuracy. It is based on a new result which expresses the solution of such ODEs as an element in the so called ⋆‐algebra. This algebra is equipped with a product, the ⋆‐product, which is the integral over the usual product of two bivariate distributions. Expanding the bivariate distributions in bases of Legendre polynomials leads to a discretization of the ⋆‐product and this allows for the solution to be approximated by a vector that is obtained by solving a linear system of equations. The effectiveness of this approach is illustrated with numerical experiments.
Numerical Analysis and Reduced‐Order Modeling of Plastic Profile Extrusion Processes
Authors: Hilger Daniel , Sasse Jana , Hopmann Christian , Behr Marek , Hosters Norbert
Published: May 2023

We present the data‐driven standardized non‐intrusive reduced‐order modeling strategy, sniROM, applied in context of plastics profile extrusion. After a brief introduction to the process and the governing physics, we give a short overview of the methodology. The ROM is then used to predict temperature distribution within a plastics profile inside the calibration/cooling unit of the extrusion process. The simulation based model predictions are compared with sensor data captured by an infrared camera. Finally, we give an outlook on how both ROM and measurement data can be used to enable a digital shadow of industrial processes.
Lyapunov stabilization of a nonlocal LWR traffic flow model
Authors: Friedrich Jan
Published: May 2023

Using a nonlocal macroscopic LWR‐type traffic flow model, we present an approach to control the nonlocal velocity towards a given equilibrium velocity. Therefore, we present a Lyapunov function measuring the L2 distance between these velocities. We compute the explicit rate at which the system tends towards the stationary speed. The traffic is controlled by a leading vehicle. Numerical examples demonstrate the theoretical results and possible extensions of them.
Efficiency of local Vanka smoother geometric multigrid preconditioning for space‐time finite element methods to the Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Anselmann Mathias , Bause Markus
Published: May 2023

Numerical simulation of incompressible viscous flow continues to remain a challenging task, in particular if three space dimensions are involved. Space‐time finite element methods feature the natural construction of higher order discretization schemes. They offer the potential to achieve accurate results on computationally feasible grids. Using a temporal test basis supported on the subintervals and linearizing the resulting algebraic problems by Newton's method yield linear systems of equations with block matrices built of (k + 1) × (k + 1) saddle point systems, where k denotes the polynomial order of the variational time discretization. We demonstrate numerically the efficiency of preconditioning GMRES iterations for solving these linear systems by a V‐cycle geometric multigrid approach based on a local Vanka smoother. The studies are done for the two‐ and three‐dimensional benchmark problem of flow around a cylinder. The robustness of the solver with respect to the piecewise polynomial orderkin time is analyzed and confirmed numerically.
Investigation of the influence of cooling lubricants on workpiece topography
Authors: Kästner Felix , de Payrebrune Kristin M.
Published: May 2023

Model‐based prediction is becoming increasingly important to meet the ever‐increasing demands on manufacturing. In grinding, the prediction of the process forces and the generated surface by physical models are particularly important.

Since cooling lubricants are almost always used on an industrial scale, the grinding model, developed at our institut, must be extended to include this component. Therefore, in order to implement cooling lubricants into the FEM‐based model, it is first necessary to investigate the behaviors and effects of cooling lubricants in real experiments. Various influencing factors such as the scratching speed of individual abrasive grains in interaction with cooling lubricants need to be investigated. However, the existing physical grinding model is not limited exclusively to the prediction of the resulting forces. It is also supposed to be able to qualitatively predict the expected resulting surface of the workpiece. Hence, this paper will focus on the topographic characteristics that can occur in the scratch test due to different cooling lubricants and scratching speeds.

Based on real experiments on a test rig for such scratch tests, it has been shown that different scratch speeds have a negligible influence on the topographical nature and expression of a scratch. In contrast, however, there is a direct influence of cooling lubricants on the topographic properties. This effect is additionally influenced by the viscosity of the cooling lubricant used.
Sparse polynomial chaos expansion for nonlinear finite element simulations with random material properties
Authors: Voelsen Esther , Dannert Mona M. , Basmaji Ammar A. , Bensel Fynn , Nackenhorst Udo
Published: May 2023

This contribution deals with the uncertainty quantification for applied nonlinear structural engineering problems, including high stochastic dimensions. A finite element problem with different material models is investigated. The efficiency, accuracy and convergence of sparse PCE are studied numerically and compared with Monte‐Carlo Simulation (MCS) for non‐linear structural analysis including elasto‐plastic and damage models. In both models, the Young's modulus is considered as random fields discretised by Karhunen Loeve Expansion (KLE). In the provided studies, sparse PCE converges fast and is highly efficient for linear elastic and elasto‐plastic material models. However, sparse PCE loses its effectiveness and exhibits lower accuracy for the damage material model.
Challenges in two‐scale computational homogenization of mechanical metamaterials
Authors: Danesh Hooman , Brepols Tim , Reese Stefanie
Published: May 2023

Thanks to the advancement of additive manufacturing technologies, mechanical metamaterials have attracted a great deal of attention in recent years. With the employment of such technologies, materials with exceptional or tailored mechanical properties can be easily manufactured mainly by 3D printing of different microstructures rather than by changing the material composition. These lattice materials can provide remarkable material properties in spite of being significantly lighter than typical bulk materials. Due to the large number of degrees of freedom for engineering structures, single‐scale numerical simulation of such cellular materials is computationally demanding. Therefore, two‐scale computational homogenization approaches, such as FE2 and FE‐FFT, can perform a key role in the cost‐effective numerical modeling of metamaterials. Two‐scale computational homogenization methods rely on solving a boundary value problem (BVP) for each of the macroscopic and microscopic scales in a nested procedure. Although representative homogenization techniques have been widely used to study materials with heterogeneous microstructures, there still exist some challenges in their employment for lattice materials. This study addresses main challenges in two‐scale‐based computational homogenization methods for numerical modeling of mechanical metamaterials. High dependence of convergence rate and accuracy on phase contrast for fast Fourier transform (FFT) solvers and comparable macro and micro characteristic lengths in metamaterials (i.e. the applicability of the principle of scale separation) are some examples of such challenges.
Adaptive finite element simulations of laser‐heated material flow using a Boussinesq model
Authors: Endtmayer Bernhard , Demircan Ayhan , Perevoznik Dmitrii , Morgner Uwe , Beuchler Sven , Wick Thomas
Published: May 2023

In this contribution, we apply adaptive finite elements to the Boussinesq model. Adaptivity is achived with goal‐oriented error control and local mesh refinement. The principle goal is motivated from laser material processing and laser waveguide writing in which material starts to flow due to laser‐induced heat generation. Flow of the material is decribed by the Boussinseq equations. Our model is substantiated with some numerical tests in order to show the capacities of our adaptive numerical schemes.
Global Stability Analysis of the Interaction Between a Longitudinal Vortex and an Oblique Shock Wave
Authors: Werner Michael , Hein Stefan
Published: May 2023

In this study, the interaction of a longitudinal vortex with an oblique shock was studied numerically. A global stability approach was used to investigate the onset of unsteadiness due to vortex breakdown. For this purpose, steady and unsteady laminar flow simulations were performed. A longitudinal vortex with an exponentially decaying tangential velocity profile, a so‐called Erlebacher vortex, was introduced into the flow field by a modification of the inflow boundary, while the oblique shock was created by a ramp in supersonic flow. Parametric studies concerning the influence of the axial velocity deficit and the tangential velocity component on the stability of the vortex were performed. Several amplified global eigenmodes could be identified and it could be shown that the frequencies predicted by the global stability analysis were in reasonable agreement with dominant frequencies observed in the unsteady simulations.
An isogeometric frictionless beam‐to‐beam contact formulation for hyperelastic Cosserat rods with unconstrained directors
Authors: Choi Myung-Jin , Klinkel Sven , Sauer Roger A.
Published: May 2023

We present an isogeometric finite element formulation of frictionless beam‐to‐beam contact, using a Cosserat beam formulation with unconstrained directors. The beam's cross‐sectional deformation can be efficiently represented by director vectors. For the first order beam kinematics, Poisson locking due to the inability to represent linear in‐plane strain field in the cross‐section is alleviated by an enhanced assumed strain (EAS) method [1]. We employ a Gauss point‐to‐surface contact formulation combined with an active set iteration and a penalty method. The beam's cross‐sectional boundary as well as the axis is parameterized by a NURBS (non‐uniform rational B‐spline) curve, so that the lateral boundary surface has at least C2‐continuity, which yields a continuous surface metric and curvature in the closest point projection [2]. Since we do not employ zero stress conditions, a three‐dimensional nonlinear constitutive law can be straightforwardly utilized. We present several numerical examples, where a compressible Neo‐Hookean material is particularly considered.
Image‐based analysis of complex microstructures using the finite cell method
Authors: Gorji Mahan , Komodromos Michail , Grabe Jürgen , Düster Alexander
Published: May 2023

Geometry conforming meshing techniques such as the finite element method (FEM) face a big challenge when dealing with complex and heterogeneous microstructures. Therefore, efficient simulation methods are needed combining accurate morphological reproducibility and computational efficiency. For such problems, the finite cell method (FCM) is a promising approach, which uses a Cartesian grid – independent of the geometry – leading to a fast and efficient mesh generation. However, to handle complex microstructures such as cemented sands the FCM is not sufficient anymore. Therefore, three different versions of the FCM are presented: first, the FCM, which is directly applied to CT scans (denoted as “VoxelFCM”). Second, the FCM combined with a global L2‐projection, leading to a smooth geometry description (denoted as “FCM”). And finally, the FCM with L2‐‐projection, which is extended by a local enrichment to capture weak discontinuities at the interfaces between the different phases (denoted as “FCM‐Enrichment”). First, in a numerical study, the different versions of the FCM are investigated. Then, these methods are verified against the FEM. Finally, these methods are used to gain a deeper insight into the micromechanical phenomena of cemented sands under compressive loading.
Numerical investigation on the performance of a Solar Chimney Power Plant System (SCPP)
Authors: Laouar Roudouane , Wuensch Olaf
Published: May 2023

In this work, a parametric two‐dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of solar chimney power plant was performed to describe the physical mechanism in order to establish realistic predictions for the operation of such plants in different location in Algeria. The developed numerical model includes a solar radiation model within the collector; an energy storage model; an air flow and heat transfer model, and a turbine model. It is based on the solution of the Navier‐Stokes equation for turbulent flow using the standard k − ϵ model. The Boussinesq model was adopted in this simulation for the density of the fluid. The boundary conditions were adapted according to the selected sites and the effect of this on the SCPP performance was studied. The numerical simulation was performed using the commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code “Ansys Fluent 19.2”.
Batagay megaslump: A review of the permafrost deposits, Quaternary environmental history, and recent development
Authors: Murton Julian , Opel Thomas , Wetterich Sebastian , Ashastina Kseniia , Savvinov Grigoriy , Danilov Petr , Boeskorov Vasily
Published: May 2023

The Batagay megaslump, in the Yana Uplands of northern Yakutia, Russia, is the largest known retrogressive thaw slump in the world. The slump exposes a remarkable sequence of Ice Age permafrost deposits that record the interaction of colluvial, eolian and periglacial processes on a hillslope episodically forested during the last 650 ka or more in response to climate variability on glacial–interglacial timescales. Numerous bones, teeth, and occasional carcasses of Pleistocene and Holocene mammals have been recovered from the permafrost. The megaslump developed over the course of several decades in three stages: (1) gullying, (2) thaw slumping, and (3) megaslumping. After disturbance to the taiga vegetation cover in the 1940s–1960s, a hillslope gully formed by the early 1960s. The gully initiated thaw slumping along its central part during the 1980s, with the slump enlarging to megaslump (>20 ha) proportions during the 1990s. By 2019, the area of the slump had reached about 80 ha and its headwall above the slump floor was up to about 55 m high. The main geomorphic processes of slump growth are headwall ablation and thermal erosion, producing a distinctive terrain of icy badlands on the slump floor. Though much of the megaslump is rapidly growing at present, it will probably stabilize eventually as an irregular terrain characterized by sandy ridges and sand‐filled elongate depressions formed by degradation of the badlands. Comparison of the Batagay megaslump with megaslumps from northwest Canada reveals several similarities and differences in terms of their geomorphology, permafrost deposits, and Quaternary history.
A Curcumin‐Based MOF Embedded Ag NPs and Modified with Polydopamine for Dual‐Drug Delivery and Dual Biological Window Responsive Synergetic Cancer Therapy
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Zhao Zhihuan , Xu Min , Yang Shasha , Xie Yiliang , Zhang Bing , Fan Jimin
Published: May 2023

A dual‐drug delivery, pH‐responsive composite nanoplatform (MAPD NPs) that can respond to two biological windows is developed to improve the efficacy of synergetic chemotherapic/photothermal/chemodynamic therapy (CDT) against tumors. This nanoplatform is surface‐modified polydopamine (PDA) with excellent biocompatibility as the shell and Ag NPs as the catalyst for CDT. The curcumin (Cur) acts as an organic ligand to be encapsulated in metal−biomolecule frameworks (Bio‐MOFs) by self‐assembly, and Bio‐MOF acts as a delivery carrier to deliver of DOX•HCl and then releases the Cur when it degrades in vivo. Moreover, Bio‐MOF can be taken up by cells faster and accelerate cell death compared to free Cur. PDA modification enables MAP (PDA@MOF‐Ag) to have photothermal properties under 808 and 1064 nm light irradiation, which not only improves the biocompatibility of MAP but also makes it produce high heat and abundant ·OH. The photothermal performance of MAP is stable after irradiation at 808 or 1064 nm, and the photothermal conversion efficiency reaches 63.57% and 26.25%. The survival rate of HeLa cells co‐incubation with MAPD NPs after irradiation at 808 and 1064 nm decreases to 19.52 ± 0.69% and 30.48 ± 0.49%, respectively, providing a feasible scheme for the realization of deep tumor killing.
An assessment of quality of life among stroke survivors at tertiary care teaching hospital in South India: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Mary Priya , Sivannan Srinivasan , Elumalai Karthikeyan , Williams Helan , Abhilash Vijayan , Srinivasan Sivaneswari , Cheriyan Binoy Varghese , Devaraji Mahalakshmi
Published: May 2023

The study's primary aim was to examine how a stroke affects health‐related quality of life (QoL), and a secondary aim was to link this event with clinical and sociodemographic factors. Stroke patients were included in the study. First, 94 patients underwent a quantitative analytical cross‐sectional study 3 months after starting medication. Using multivariable linear regression, relationships between the severity of the initial stroke were investigated. From the raw data, we determined the standard deviation and the standard error of the mean. If the p‐value is less than .05, it is considered significant, and if it's less than .0001, it is extremely significant. The majority 94.68% were diagnosed with ischemic stroke, and only 5.32% were hemorrhagic stroke; 56.32% of the patients were male, and 43.68% were female; one‐third of the patients were found to be smokers and alcoholics; 9.57% of the patients had a family history of stroke; and 9.5% of the patients had a history of stroke. Patients with stroke comorbidities, including high blood pressure 88.19%, diabetes 51.06%, high cholesterol 22.34%, coronary artery disease 23.40%, smoking 30.85%, and alcoholism 24.46%. Significant dangers were posed by both hypertension and smoking. There was a statistically significant improvement in quality of life between the two groups, with the intervention group showing a mean difference of 112. The p‐value for this improvement was less than .0001. The quality of life of stroke survivors can be improved through direct screening, monitoring of the patient, planned therapy, and management.
To split or not to split: CASP15 targets and their processing into tertiary structure evaluation units
Authors: Kryshtafovych Andriy , Rigden Daniel J.
Published: May 2023

Processing of CASP15 targets into evaluation units (EUs) and assigning them to evolutionary‐based prediction classes is presented in this study. The targets were first split into structural domains based on compactness and similarity to other proteins. Models were then evaluated against these domains and their combinations. The domains were joined into larger EUs if predictors’ performance on the combined units was similar to that on individual domains. Alternatively, if most predictors performed better on the individual domains, then they were retained as EUs. As a result, 112 evaluation units were created from 77 tertiary structure prediction targets. The EUs were assigned to four prediction classes roughly corresponding to target difficulty categories in previous CASPs: TBM (template‐based modeling, easy or hard), FM (free modeling), and the TBM/FM overlap category. More than a third of CASP15 EUs were attributed to the historically most challenging FM class, where homology or structural analogy to proteins of known fold cannot be detected.
Simultaneous regression of non‐small cell lung cancer and orbital extranodal marginal zone lymphoma with chemoradiotherapy for lung cancer
Authors: Oi Issei , Saito Zentaro , Ito Takanori , Imakita Takuma , Kanai Osamu , Fujita Kohei , Tachibana Hiromasa , Mori Minako , Moriyoshi Koki , Mio Tadashi
Published: May 2023

This report describes the case of a 79‐year‐old Japanese man diagnosed with orbital extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (EMZL) and stage IIIA lung cancer. The patient received concurrent chemoradiation for lung cancer with carboplatin/paclitaxel treatment, resulting in regression of both the lymphoma and lung cancer. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of concurrent orbital EMZL and lung cancer. In this case, a treatment strategy that prioritized lung cancer treatment was deemed appropriate. This case suggests that chemotherapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel may serve as an effective treatment for both lung cancer and lymphoma.
Chlormadinone acetate in progestin‐primed ovarian stimulation does not negatively affect clinical results
Authors: Shibasaki Sena , Hattori Hiromitsu , Koizumi Masae , Nagaura Satoko , Toya Mayumi , Igarashi Hideki , Kyono Koichi
Published: May 2023

Purpose

To investigate whether progestin‐primed ovarian stimulation (PPOS) with chlormadinone acetate (CMA) adversely affects clinical results and neonatal outcomes, or causes congenital deformities.

Methods

This retrospective study was conducted at private IVF clinic from November 2018 to November 2021. Women underwent oocyte retrieval using gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist protocol (n = 835) or PPOS protocol (n = 57) were included. Eligible patients were normal ovarian responders (aged <40, AMH ≧1.0 ng/mL) with freeze‐all cycle. Embryo developments, clinical results, or neonatal outcomes of singletons derived from transfer of frozen single blastocysts were compared within each group.

Results

Patient characteristics were similar in both groups. The median LH level (mIU/mL) at trigger in the GnRH antagonist group [2.0 (1.2–3.7)] was significantly higher than in the PPOS group [0.9 (0.3–1.7)]. There was no cycle with premature LH surge in the PPOS group. Fertilization and blastocyst formation rates did not differ significantly between groups. Furthermore, clinical outcomes were also similar in the two groups. Congenital abnormality rates did not differ significantly [0.9% (3/329), 0.0% (0/17)].

Conclusions

CMA using ovarian stimulation did not negatively affect clinical results. Our data suggest that PPOS with CMA is an appropriate ovarian stimulation method for normal ovarian responders.