bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reconstructing the near- to mid-infrared environment in the stellar merger remnant V838 Monocerotis
Authors: Mobeen Muhammad Zain , Kamiński Tomasz , Matter Alexis , Wittkowski Markus , Monnier John D. , Kraus Stefan , Le Bouquin Jean-Baptiste , Anugu Narsireddy , Ten Brummelaar Theo , Davies Claire L. , Ennis Jacob , Gardner Tyler , Labdon Aaron , Lanthermann Cyprien , Schaefer Gail H. , Setterholm Benjamin R. , Ibrahim Nour , Howell Steve B.
Published: April 2024

Context. V838 Mon is a stellar merger remnant that erupted in a luminous red nova event in 2002. Although it has been well studied in the optical, near-infrared, and submillimeter regimes, its structure in the mid-infrared wavelengths remains elusive. Over the past two decades, only a handful of infrared interferometric studies have been performed, suggesting the presence of an elongated structure at multiple wavelengths. However, given the limited nature of these observations, the true morphology of the source has not yet been conclusively determined.

Aims. By performing image reconstruction using observations taken at the VLTI and CHARA, we aim to map out the circumstellar environment in V838 Mon.

Methods. We observed V838 Mon with the MATISSE (LMN bands) and GRAVITY (K band) instruments at the VLTI as well as the MIRCX/MYSTIC (HK bands) instruments at the CHARA array. We geometrically modelled the squared visibilities and the closure phases in each of the bands to obtain the constraints on the physical parameters. Furthermore, we constructed high-resolution images of V838 Mon in the HK bands using the MIRA and SQUEEZE algorithms to study the immediate surroundings of the star. Lastly, we also modelled the spectral features seen in the K and M bands at various temperatures.

Results. The image reconstructions show a bipolar structure that surrounds the central star in the post-merger remnant. In the K band, the super-resolved images show an extended structure (uniform disk diameter ~1.94 mas) with a clumpy morphology that is aligned along a north-west position angle (PA) of −40°. On the other hand, in the H band, the extended structure (uniform disk diameter ~1.18 mas) lies roughly along the same PA. Yet the northern lobe is slightly misaligned with respect to the southern lobe, which results in the closure phase deviations.

Conclusions. The VLTI and CHARA imaging results show that V838 Mon is surrounded by features resembling jets that are intrinsically asymmetric. This is further confirmed by the closure phase modelling. Further observations with VLTI can help to determine whether this structure shows any variations over time and also if such bi-polar structures are commonly formed in other stellar merger remnants.
globin: A spectropolarimetric inversion code for the coupled inference of atomic line parameters
Authors: Vukadinović D. , Smitha H. N. , Korpi-Lagg A. , van Noort M. , Castellanos Durán J. S. , Solanki S. K.
Published: April 2024

Context. The reliability of physical parameters describing the solar atmosphere inferred from observed spectral line profiles depends on the accuracy of the involved atomic parameters. For many transitions, atomic data, such as the oscillator strength (log(gf)) and the central wavelength of the line, are poorly constrained or even unknown.

Aims. We present and test a new inversion method that infers atomic line parameters and the height stratification of the atmospheric parameters from spatially resolved spectropolarimetric observations of the Sun. This method is implemented in the new inversion code globin.

Methods. The new method employs a global minimization algorithm enabling the coupling of inversion parameters common to all pixels, such as the atomic parameters of the observed spectral lines. At the same time, it permits the optimum atmospheric parameters to be retrieved individually for each spatial pixel. The uniqueness of this method lies in its ability to retrieve reliable atomic parameters even for heavily blended spectral lines. We tested the method by applying it to a set of 18 blended spectral lines between 4015 Å and 4017 Å, synthesized from a 3D magnetohydrodynamic simulation containing a sunspot and the quiet Sun region around it. The results were then compared with a previously used inversion method where atomic parameters were determined for every pixel independently (pixel-by-pixel method). For the same spectral region, we also inferred the atomic parameters from the synthesized spatially averaged disc-centre spectrum of the quiet-sun.

Results. The new method was able to retrieve the log(gf) values of all lines to an accuracy of 0.004 dex, while the pixel-by-pixel method retrieved the same parameter to an accuracy of only 0.025 dex. The largest differences between the two methods are evident for the heavily blended lines, with the former method performing better than the latter. In addition, the new method is also able to infer reliable atmospheric parameters in all the inverted pixels by successfully disentangling the degeneracies between the atomic and atmospheric parameters.

Conclusions. The new method is well suited for the reliable determination of both atomic and atmospheric parameters and works well on all spectral lines, including those that are weak and/or severely blended. This is of high relevance, especially for the analysis of observations of spectral regions with a very high density of spectral lines. An example includes the future near-ultraviolet spectropolarimetric observations of the SUNRISE III stratospheric balloon mission.
The physical origin of the mass–size relation and its scatter for disk galaxies
Authors: Du Min , Ma Hong-Chuan , Zhong Wen-Yu , Ho Luis C. , Liao Shihong , Peng Yingjie
Published: April 2024

Aims. In this study, we investigated the intricate interplay between internal (natural) and external (nurture) processes in shaping the scaling relationships between specific angular momentum (j⋆), stellar mass (M⋆), and the size of disk galaxies within the IllustrisTNG simulation.

Methods. Using a kinematic decomposition of simulated galaxies, we focus on galaxies with tiny kinematically inferred stellar halos indicative of weak external influences. We examined the correlation between the mass, size, and angular momentum of galaxies by comparing simulations with observations and the theoretical predictions of the exponential hypothesis.

Results. Galaxies with tiny stellar halos exhibit a large scatter in the j⋆ − M⋆ relation, which suggests that this scatter is inherently present in their initial conditions. Our analysis reveals that the disks of these galaxies adhere to the exponential hypothesis, resulting in a tight fiducial j⋆ − M⋆-scale length (size) relation that is qualitatively consistent with observations. The inherent scatter in j⋆ provides a robust explanation for the mass–size relation and its substantial variability. Notably, galaxies that are moderately influenced by external processes closely adhere to a scaling relation akin to that of galaxies with tiny stellar halos. This result underscores the dominant role of internal processes in shaping the overall j⋆ − M⋆ and mass–size relations, with external effects playing a relatively minor role in disk galaxies. Furthermore, the correlation between galaxy size and the virial radius of the dark matter halo exists but fails to provide strong evidence for a connection between galaxies and their parent dark matter halos.
Winds of change: The nuclear and galaxy-scale outflows and the X-ray variability of 2MASS 0918+2117
Authors: Baldini P. , Lanzuisi G. , Brusa M. , Merloni A. , Gkimisi K. , Perna M. , López I. E. , Bertola E. , Igo Z. , Waddell S. , Musiimenta B. , Aydar C. , Arcodia R. , Matzeu G. A. , Luminari A. , Buchner J. , Vignali C. , Dadina M. , Comastri A. , Cresci G. , Marchesi S. , Gilli R. , Tombesi F. , Serafinelli R.
Published: April 2024

Context. In this work, we test feedback propagation models on the test case of 2MASS 0918+2117 (2M0918), a z = 0.149 X-ray variable AGN that shows tentative evidence for nuclear ultra-fast outflows (UFOs) in a 2005 XMM-Newton observation. We also investigate whether UFOs can be related to the observed X-ray variability.

Aims. We observed 2M0918 with XMM-Newton and NuSTAR in 2020 to confirm the presence of and characterize the UFOs. We performed a kinematic analysis of the publicly available 2005 SDSS optical spectrum to reveal and measure the properties of galaxy-scale ionized outflows. Furthermore, we constructed 20-year-long light curves of observed flux, line-of-sight column density, and intrinsic accretion rate from the spectra of the first four SRG/eROSITA all-sky surveys and archival observations from Chandra and XMM-Newton.

Methods. We detect UFOs with v ∼ 0.16c and galaxy-scale ionized outflows with velocities of ∼700 km s−1. We also find that the drastic X-ray variability (factors > 10) can be explained in terms of variable obscuration and variable intrinsic luminosity.

Results. Comparing the energetics of the two outflow phases, 2M0918 is consistent with momentum-driven wind propagation. 2M0918 expands the sample of AGN with both UFOs and ionized gas winds from 5 to 6 and brings the sample of AGN hosting multiscale outflows to 19, contributing to a clearer picture of feedback physics. From the variations in accretion rate, column density, and ionization level of the obscuring medium, we propose a scenario that connects obscurers, an accretion enhancement, and the emergence of UFOs.
Imaging spectroscopy of a spectral bump in a type II radio burst
Authors: Zhang Peijin , Morosan Diana E. , Zucca Pietro , Normo Sanna , Dabrowski Bartosz , Krankowski Andrzej , Vocks Christian
Published: April 2024

Context. Observations of solar, type II radio bursts provide a unique opportunity to analyze the nonthermal electrons accelerated by coronal shocks and diagnose the plasma density distribution in the corona. However, there are very few high-frequency resolution interferometric observations of type II radio bursts that are capable of tracking these electrons.

Aims. Recently, more spatially resolved high-resolution observations of type II radio bursts have been recorded with the Low-Frequency Array (LOFAR). Using these observations, we aim to track the location of a type II radio burst that experienced a sudden spectral bump.

Methods. We present the first radio imaging observations of a type II burst with a spectral bump. We measured the variation in source location and frequency drift of the burst and deducted the density distribution along its propagation direction.

Results. We have identified a type II burst that experiences a sudden spectral bump in its frequency-time profile. The overall frequency drift rate is 0.06 MHz s−1, and this corresponds to an estimated speed of 295 km s−1. The projected velocity of the radio source obtained from imaging is 380 km s−1 toward the east. At the spectral bump, a deviation in the source locations of the type II split bands is observed. The band separation increases significantly in the north–south direction.

Conclusions. The spectral bump shows an 8 MHz deviation at 60 MHz, which corresponds to a 25% decrease in the plasma density. The estimated crossing distance during the spectrum bump was 29 mm, suggesting that this density variation occurs in a confined area. This indicates that the shock most likely encountered the upper extent of a coronal hole.
Differential reddening in 48 globular clusters: An end to the quest for the intracluster medium
Authors: Pancino E. , Zocchi A. , Rainer M. , Monaci M. , Massari D. , Monelli M. , Hunt L. K. , Monaco L. , Martínez-Vázquez C. E. , Sanna N. , Bianchi S. , Stetson P. B.
Published: April 2024

For decades, it has been theorized that a tenuous but detectable intracluster medium should be present in globular clusters, which is continuously replenished by the gas and dust ejected by bright giants and periodically cleared by interactions with the Galactic disk. However, dedicated searches, especially in infrared and radio wavelengths, have returned mostly upper limits, which are lower than theoretical expectations by several orders of magnitude. We profited from recent wide-field photometry for 48 Galactic globular clusters to compute high-resolution maps of differential reddening, which can be used to correct any photometric catalog in these areas for reddening variations. Using 3D reddening maps from the literature, we evaluated the amount of foreground extinction. This allowed us to estimate the masses of the intracluster medium in our sample clusters, with an accuracy of one order of magnitude. Our estimates agree with the few available literature detections and with theoretical expectations. Because the discrepancy between observations and expectations only concerns literature upper limits, we explored possible reasons why they could be underestimated and we show that two recent discoveries can explain the discrepancy. The first is the recent discovery that the intracluster medium in 47 Tuc is not centrally concentrated. This is also supported by our maps, which in the majority of cases do not show a central reddening concentration. The second is the discovery that the dust in metal-poor ([Fe/H] ≲ −1 dex) globular clusters is dominated by iron grains rather than silicates, which undermines previous dust mass estimates from observed upper limits. We conclude that current evidence, including our maps, does not contradict theoretical expectations and the problem of the missing intracluster medium is no longer an issue.
Effects of ultrasound waves on rat liver mitochondria
Authors: Babakhanova Dilnoza , Mirkhamidova Parida , Alimova Rano , Shakhmurova Gulnara , Mukhamedov Gafurzhon
Published: April 2024

Succinate dehydrogenase has a wide range of properties in plant and animal cells and is distributed throughout the inner membrane of mitochondria, therefore it is the enzyme without which energy metabolism cannot occur. The goal of our research was to investigate the effect of ultrasonic waves on the intensity of lipid peroxidation, activity of succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome c oxidase in rat liver mitochondria, as well as antioxidant effect of mulberry leaf extract and biosep oil extract. Study involved white lab rats weighing 180-200 grams. The ultrasound device used was Mindrey DP-50 Vet. The work was based on the following methods: Schneider differential centrifugation, spectrophotometry, chromatography, pH-metry, photometry. The results of the study explain the elucidation of the mechanisms of damage to liver tissue by ultrasonic waves and the correction of the mitochondrial dysfunction caused by it with the extract of mulberry leaves and the oil extract of biosep. It was revealed that changes in lipid peroxidation led to disruption of the functional activity of membrane-bound cytochrome c oxidase and succinate dehydrogenase.
Selective cytotoxicity and anticancer activity: ROS-induced cell death facilitated by metal complex
Authors: Sato Hitoshi , Doskali Marlen , Balmaganbet Zarina , Mukhitdin Beibarys , Ablaikhanova Nurzhanyat
Published: April 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence rate consists of 10%-20% and remains the leading cause of cancer-related death. We have successfully designed the protocol for adoptive immunotherapy to liver cirrhotic patients with HCC. In our study we have shown that activated lymphocytes, containing much of immune cells of innate immunity, from healthy volunteers, have a vigorous anticancer effect. However, the volume and viability for the treatment with activated lymphocytes might lead to limited effects. We aimed to develop a new therapeutic approach for the efficient expansion of such innate components of cellular immunity in combination with metal complex. Human lymphocytes were cultured for 7 days by appropriate protocol with cytokines. The phenotype and characterization of activated lymphocytes were identified by flow cytometric analysis and the cytotoxicity against tumor was determined. After being cultured for 7 days the proportion of cell fractions in the expanded activated lymphocytes varied among individuals. The average proportion of immune cells of innate immunity which were activated were in a high level. The addition of metal complex exhibits enhanced expression of surface receptors and intracellular cytokines which involved in antitumor process. Activated lymphocytes in combination with metal complex showed vigorous anticancer ability in vitro, of HepG2, an HCC cell line. These findings suggest that adoptive immunotherapy using activated lymphocytes might be a promising approach for inducing innate immunity to decrease the incidence of cancer recurrence and repeatedly applied in the clinical setting.
The effectiveness of Bodo Schaefer’s methods in career guidance for high school students
Authors: Anapiyayeva Assemgul , Didarbekova Nauzhan , Tleugabylova Zeinegul , Zharas Seitnur , Akhmetova Aigul
Published: April 2024

Our study intends to investigate novel approaches and strategies for assisting high school students in choosing their career routes. Our methodology blends theoretical foundations with empirical verification, integrating unconventional methods that, although controversial in scholarly circles, present fresh insights. In light of the significant changes in public discourse that have occurred in the 21st century, it is critical that the country’s youth get good career guidance. The process of determining one’s life and career path begins well in advance of enrolling in a university or college, frequently in the early years of education. Therefore, it becomes necessary for comprehensive schools to create settings that support sound vocational orientation and self-discovery. Considering the current trends, it is imperative that our educational institutions improve the caliber of job counseling. We have incorporated components of the approaches advocated by a well-known German consultant, coach, and speaker who is well-known throughout the world and whose works have had a lasting impact on the area.
Effect of plant growth regulators on rice plants (Oryza sativa L.) growth under cadmium stress
Authors: Rakhymgozhina Agilan , Atabayeva Saule , Shoinbekova Sabina , Asrandina Saltanat , Doktyrbay Gulina
Published: April 2024

In numerous developing countries, including Kazakhstan, the issue of soil contamination with cadmium is prominent due to the expansion of the mining and metallurgical sectors. A significant contributor to cadmium pollution in soil is the widespread application of phosphorus-based fertilizers and pesticides that contain cadmium. Even trace amounts of cadmium, accumulating in the soil, can decrease crop yields, impede plant growth, and disrupt various physiological and biochemical processes. Consequently, this study aimed to identify cadmium-resistant rice varieties and explore methods to mitigate cadmium toxicity using growth regulators. The investigation examined the effects of growth-stimulating substances, such as “Epin-Extra” (an epibrassinolide alcohol solution), “Cyrcon” (a hydroxycinnamic acid solution), and “Beres-4 universal” (potassium humate), under cadmium-induced stress. Additionally, the research aimed to elucidate how the structural components of these substances relate to reducing cadmium’s toxic impact on rice plants. The findings suggest that these growth-stimulating substances could be beneficial in ameliorating the adverse effects of cadmium on plants.
Study of the effect of cytokinin mediator on increasing salt resistance and germination energy of wheat varieties
Authors: Bassygarayev Zhandos , Bukenova Elmira , Ashirova Zhadira , Ursheeva Balbobek , Taldaubek Talgar
Published: April 2024

Currently, about a third of Kazakhstan has been subjected to salinization. Improper Organization of the irrigation regime causes secondary salinization and deepens the problem. Under the influence of secondary salinization, salts rise above the layers of the soil and primarily affect the seeds of the plant, interfering with it during the most important period of plant growth. Therefore, the study of the influence of the salinity factor on the growth of plant seeds is an urgent problem. It is important to use cytokinin mediators to increase plant resistance to environmental factors such as salinization. Many plant seeds are weak and have poor germination capacity, it is very important to use a cytokinin mediator to increase the germination of these plants.In this research, we treat soft wheat grains with a cytokinin mediator to boost their resilience to salt stress and to prevent salinization. Plants respond to relatively small amounts of the bioregulatory cytokinin mediator, which controls plant growth, development, and environmental adaptability. Economically, the cytokinin mediator works well as a stress-resistance-boosting medicine for wheat growth acceleration. It was discovered that 100 ng/ml is the most ideal cytokinin mediator concentration for the spring soft wheat type.
Antibacterial activity of freshwater green microalgae from Almaty region
Authors: Balouch Huma , Demirbag Zihni , Durani Mehwish , Sarsekeeva Fariza , Nygymetova Aimeken
Published: April 2024

The urgent search for new natural bioactive compounds has led to the investigation of freshwater microalgae in the Almaty region for their antibacterial properties. For this purpose, a study was carried out to investigate microalgae cultures from the division of Clorophyta for their potential to produce biologically active compounds (Parachlorella kessleri, Monoraphidium griffithii, Ankistrodesmus falcatus, Nephrochlamys subsolitaria), which also have the potential for wide use in other biotechnological applications. Methanol extracts of 4 strains of microalgae cultures against 11 strains of bacteria were used to evaluate the biological antibacterial activity. Significant antibacterial effects were observed, in particular the methanol extract of P. kessleri showed high activity against B. subtilis, S. aureus and K. pneumoniae; N. subsolitaria showed strong activity against B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa and E. coli. The results of GC/MS analysis confirmed the presence of important bioactive compounds (decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane) in the microalgae extracts. The data obtained play an important role in the development of microalgae-based antibacterial drugs.
Expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis of bacterial cellulose by symbiotic culture of Medusomyces gisevii, depending on the available carbon source
Authors: Pogorelova Natalya , Digel Ilya
Published: April 2024

Scientific and practical interest in the design of symbiotic cultures is determined by their potential for use in biotechnological processes for the production of a wide range of biogenic molecules. We have determined the expression levels of genes involved in the biosynthesis of cellulose by the symbiotic culture Medusomyces gisevii that had been statically grown either on glucose or sucrose or fructose, considered as three most economically justified carbon sources. 16S ribosomal RNA was used as a reference gene. The PCR primers used were bcsA1, bcsA2, bcsA3, bcsA4, bcsB, DGC, PDE, UDP GT. Overall higher gene expression levels were observed when cultivating a symbiotic culture of Medusomyces gisevi on glucose or sucrose substrates compared with fructose. Furthermore, the expression of these genes in the synthesized BC gel films is significantly higher compared to that in the bacterial culture medium.
ChemoProtective effects of new iodine coordinated compound in benzo[a]pyrene- induced lung cancer in BALB/c mice
Authors: Abekova Assima , Islamov Rinat
Published: April 2024

Iodine preparations are widely used in medicine as antiseptic agents. One of the new directions for the use of iodine is the prevention and therapy of certain tumor diseases, particularly breast cancer. The main mechanism of action is the induction of apoptosis. Iodine also has anti-inflammatory activity and affects the polarization of Th1/Th2 lymphocytes and M1/M2 macrophages. The newly developed iodine complex KC-144 includes both dextrin and polypeptides. In this case, lithium enhances the polarization of triiodide. We studied the acute toxicity and prophylactic activity on a model of benz(a)pyrene-induced (BaP) tumor in BALB/c mice. The average lethal dose (LD50) of KC-144 when administered orally was more than 2500 mg/kg, classifying KC-144 as a low-toxicity substance. Intraperitoneal administration of benz(a)pyrene at a dose of 100 mg/kg for two weeks induces tumor development in mice. Oral administration of KC-144 at doses of 2.5 and 25 mg/kg for one week and throughout the entire treatment period increases the lifespan of BaP-induced mice.
Genome-wide study of Almaty region people for a long time living in areas of pesticide contamination
Authors: Garshin Alexandr , Altynova Nazym , Sapargali Oraz , Khamdiyeva Ozada , Djansugurova Leyla , Bekmanov Bakhytzhan
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this study is to analyze the associations of gene polymorphisms involved in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases that develop against the background of the toxic effects of pollutants in the environment. The study sample for the research was a cohort of people who had been exposed to pesticide pollution for a long time, taken from villages in the Almaty region, on the territory of which destroyed warehouses of pesticides prohibited for use were discovered. Analysis were performed using Genome-wide association study (GWAS) method. A total of 297,397 SNPs were analyzed, 6 of which were found to be significantly associated with the negative effects of chronic exposure to pesticides.
Comparative study of pollen morphology and fertility in Pyrus L. species under in situ and ex situ conditions in Greater Caucasus, Azerbaijan
Authors: Jafarzadeh Sabina , Iskandar Elman
Published: April 2024

A number of negative changes are observed in the pollen of the vast majority of plants distributed in polluted areas: morphological immaturity or the observation of sterile pollen grains during pollination, a quantitative decrease in the total productivity of pollen, and a decrease in the germination capacity of the pollen tube.For this reason, pollen analysis is considered one of the most reliable and effective methods in environmental quality assessment as the main component of phytoindication. Light microscopy (LM) has been used to study the morphology and fertility characteristics of pollen grains in five species of Rosaceae Juss. (Pyrus L.) in detail. The study used pollen that was collected in the Republic of Azerbaijan. In this research were used Harley methods. The main purpose of the work was the comparative study of the quality and morphological characteristics of the pollen of Pyrus L. species in natural and cultural conditions.It were determined that underex situ conditions, it was found that the pollen productivity coefficient was the highest in Pyrus vsevolodii (86%), and the lowest in Pyrus georgica (72%), but under in situ conditions, the highest P.vsevolodii (89%) and the lowest P.georgica (72%) species were found in pollen.
Potato agriculture research Station Batakundi, naran, a hot spot for cyst nematode (Globodera spp.) of potato in Pakistan
Authors: Faseeh Muhammad , Ahmed Shahid , Farooq Asad , Asad Shahzad
Published: April 2024

In Pakistan, potato summer crop in being cultivated in different agro-ecologies of Khyberpukhtun Khwa and in valleys of Gilgit Baltistan provinces. To understand the current biotic stresses scenario in the potato germplasm developed by National Institute of Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology (NIGAB) was cultivated in 2022-23. The valleys comprised on Sharan Forest Kaghan, Potato Agriculture Research Station, Batakundi Naran of KPK and Babusar valley as well as Mountain Agriculture Research Station, Chillas of Gilgit Baltistan were systematically surveyed. The soil samples were analyzed in for the cyst nematode (Globodera spp.) in potato fields as an invasive and quarantine regulated pest. Severe infestation of PCN was observed in PARS, Batakundi Naran. However, there were no any cyst was found in the rest of ecologies surveyed. The population dynamics of PCN was estimated ranges from 113-150 cysts in 100grams of soil samples. The center is being used as potato monoculture and crop breeding. The egg count estimates ranges from 270-320 eggs/cyst. There are some cysts showed the suppressive soil state as the eggs were infested with endophytes or rhizospheric microorganisms (bacteria or fungi). The cysts were morphologically characterized and identified in Crop Diseases Research Institute (CDRI) and National Nematological Research Center Pakistan.
Diversity of the ichthyofauna in small rivers of the northern macro-slope of Saur-Tarbagatai (Central Asia)
Authors: Sapargaliyeva Nazym , Sharakhmetov Sayat , Kobegenova Saidina , Kegenov Erlan , Kozhabaeva Eleonora
Published: April 2024

Studying the fish composition of small rivers and streams allows us to understand the diversity of species, their ecology, and the interrelationships in the ecosystem. Monitoring of these species can help in assessing the state of aquatic ecosystems and identifying potential problems. This paper shows the results of fish diversity studies of in 12 rivers flowing on the northern slope of the Saur-Tarbagatai Mountains. The study of fish diversity of 12 rivers in 2023 showed the presence of 10 species, representing native and alien ichthyofauna of Kazakhstan. The highest fish diversity was found in the Saryeshki river and the Kendirlik river. Only one fish species is represented in the rivers Zhinishkesu and Sarybulak. The dominant species in numbers are Siberian gudgeon, stone loach, European minnow, Chinese false gudgeon and naked osman. Aboriginal species spined loach is the least represented in all water bodies encountered, and as of 2023 it can be classified as a rare native fish.
Anatomical and morphological features, and productivity of six perennial wheat varieties in the agroecological conditions of the Almaty region, Kazakhstan
Authors: Kurmanbayeva Meruyert , Sarsenbek Bekbolat , Kusmangazinov Adil , Karabalayeva Dina , Yerezhepova Nurgul
Published: April 2024

Wheat plays a leading role among cultivated crops. However, some anatomical features of the perennial wheat leaf blade structure, cell development, and metameric stem segmentation remain poorly understood. The object of the present study was six varieties of perennial wheat cultivated in the Almaty region of Kazakhstan. During the study, metameric features of the growth and development of the perennial wheat stem internodes were analyzed. The stems consisted of four internodes and very rarely of five. The variety No. 701 had the longest stem (119 ± 4 cm), while the variety Sova had the shortest one (106 ± 4 cm). The variety No. 701 also had the largest leaf blade with a length of 42 cm ± 2 cm and a width of 1.6 ± 0.09 cm, while the variety No. 704 had the smallest leaf blade with a length of 27 ± 1 cm and a width of 1.2 ± 0.06 cm. The average biological productivity of the Sova variety was 10.49 centners per hectare. The varieties No. 703, No. 704, and No. 801 demonstrated high productivity ranging from 26.08 to 28.8 centners per hectare.
U.V. Spectrophotometric Method towards the Selective Detection of Imidacloprid Using Organic Nanoparticles of (E)-(4-nitrophenyl)-1,1-diamino-2,3-diazabuta-1,3-diene
Authors: Verma Kurangi , Bhattu Monika , Kathuria Deepika , Verma Meenakshi
Published: April 2024

Pesticide detection is a major concern nowadays because of their adverse negative effects to living organisms and the environment. Therefore, to overcome such challenge, in our recent study, we synthesised (E)-(4-nitrophenyl)-1,1-diamino-2,3-diazabuta-1,3-diene based organic nanoparticle (ONP) sensor via employing a green strategy. Re-precipitaion method was used to form organic nanoparticles. TEM analysis reveals that the average size of particle is 23.86 nm.The prepared ONPs showed high selectivity towards imidacloprid, a neonicotinoid pesticide. It was determined that the limit of detection was 0.82 µM and The association constant was calculated to be 9.68x107 M-1. The pH (basic and acidic) and temperature (15-55 °C) studies were also carried out which resulted that these ONPs were stable in the range of 6-12 pH and within 15-55 °C temperature range.
Biomass-Based Microgrid: A Case Study on its Aspects in the State of Punjab in India
Authors: Singh Arashdeep , Kaur Kamaldeep , Singh Manjeet , Kaur Preetinder
Published: April 2024

The microgrid is an emerging power system. It works on the interconnection of renewable energy resources (RES) such as solar, wind and biomass, which is a promising field for researchers to explore the scope of power production from unconventional energy resources. Various combinations of RES like solar, wind, biomass and small-hydro power plants are available at different geographical locations. As a result, the combined use of various RES is drawing more attention and is frequently employed as an alternative to energy based on fossil fuels. Economic facets of these systems are suitably promising to consider them for raising the growth of power generation capability in developing countries. Objective of this paper is to presents a detailed study of the biomass-based hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) in terms of their cost of energy and carbon emission. Moreover, the deployment of biomass-based power generation technology in Indian and international energy scenarios has been discussed showing the availability along with the availability of RES in Punjab, India. From the literature review it reveals that a viable configuration of microgrid which can generate power by direct combustion and gasification of biomass should be proposed and optimized to ensure more reliability and less carbon footprints in power generation.
A Review on the Synthesis, Properties and Multifunctional Applications of Transition and Rare-Earth Doped Nickel Spinel Ferrite
Authors: Kotwal Pinky , Jasrotia Rohit , Himanshi  , Prakash Jyoti , Kandwal Abhishek , Raja Vaseem , Sharma Naresh , Kumar Rajesh
Published: April 2024

Nickel ferrite have gathered a lot of research interest nowadays, because of their unique magnetic and structural traits, which makes appealing for a variety of scientific applications. In recent years, considerable attention has been placed towards the impact of rare-earth and transition elements doping on the magnetic as well as the structural traits of nickel spinel ferrite. This study delivers a concise summary of scientific advancements in this area. It discusses the processes used for fabricating doped nickel spinel ferrite, the influence of different dopants on the material's magnetic and structural traits, and the mechanisms that underlie these effects. The review also highlights the potential applications of doped nickel spinel ferrite in fields such as magnetic data storage, biomedical, and photocatalysis.
Experimental investigation of mechanical and tribological properties of AA7065- B4C nano-composite
Authors: Madan A.B. , Parthiban A.
Published: April 2024

The present study used the stir casting technique to create hybrid composites employing aluminium AA 7065 alloy for the matrix and boron carbide reinforcements. In order to study the high-temperature tribological behaviour of aluminium boron carbide composites, the pin-on-disc method with pin heating setup was adopted. As a supplemental reinforcing material, fly ash particles were used due to their exceptional mechanical, metallurgical, and tribological properties. Microhardness testing, microstructure analysis, and tensile testing were all carried out. The wear rate of hybrid composites was studied on load, sliding velocity, and temperature. Mechanical properties and particle distribution were vastly improved during the testing phase. Although the ductility of hybrid composites was down, their tensile and compression strengths increased dramatically. The surface morphology of the pin was analyzed using a high-resolution scanning electron microscope. The impact of wear parameters on wear rate was analyzed using analysis of variance.
Advancements in Nanotechnology for Heavy Metal Remediation in Wastewater Treatment: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Sharma Madhav , Dandautiya Rahul
Published: April 2024

The exploration of the cutting edge of wastewater treatment, concentrating on the ever-changing field of heavy metal remediation uses of nanotechnology is a major requisite for sustainability. The investigation covers a wide range of nanotechnology topics, such as photocatalysis, adsorption, catalysis, and novel nanomembranes, providing a thorough grasp of its crucial function in water treatment. Examining specific nanomaterials such as nanoparticles, nanotubes, and nanofibers, the study evaluates their applications, highlighting their unique contributions to heavy metal removal. However, the paper meticulously dissects the challenges hindering the widespread use of nanoparticles in wastewater treatment, with a keen focus on graphene oxide nano-sheets, magnetic nanoparticles, polymeric hydrogels, and activated carbon. Novel techniques incorporating nanotechnology for heavy metal removal are also explored. The conclusion provides a synthesis of findings and offers recommendations for overcoming existing challenges, paving the way for an enhanced integration of nanotechnology in wastewater treatment practices. This paper serves as a vital resource for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers engaged in advancing sustainable and effective solutions for heavy metal remediation in wastewater treatment systems.
Ascendancy of nanoparticles coated vaccines and their role in future of vaccinology
Authors: Sarwan Jyoti , Kumari Shalu , Karn Renu Yadav Pragati , Sharma Janmay Jai , Tandon Ayushi , Prathimesh  , Katna Deepanshu , Bose Jagadeesh Chandra
Published: April 2024

Nanoparticles have emerged as a promising platform for the delivery of vaccines due to their unique properties, such as their small size, high surface area, and tunable surface properties. Coating these nanoparticles with antigens and adjuvants enhances their stability, immunogenicity, and targeting ability, thereby leading to improved vaccine efficacy. Vaccines have revolutionized the field of immunization, providing effective protection against numerous bacterial infections. This review paper expl ores the diverse strategies employed by vaccines to stimulate a robust immune response and confer immunity. Various vaccine types, including inactivated toxins (toxoids), live bacterial vaccines, live attenuated vaccines, and virus -like particles (VLPs), are investigated in terms of their mechanisms and suitability for different populations. While live bacterial vaccines and live attenuated vaccines have demonstrated efficacy, caution must be exercised when administering them to individuals with compromised immune systems. As an alternative, VLPs have emerged as a promising non-infectious option that closely resembles viral structures. VLPs offer advantages in terms of safety, cost-effectiveness, and their ability to elicit targeted immune responses, this could lead to significant breakthroughs in vaccine development. Ongoing research is dedicated to the development of vaccines targeting specific pathogens and combating antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Innovative approaches include mRNA-based vaccines, vaccines designed to target surface polysaccharides, vaccines that induce helper T cell responses, and vaccines against specific virulence factors. By understanding the mechanisms and potential applications of different vaccine types, researchers and healthcare professionals can contribute to the continued progress in immunization and protect individuals and communities from the burden of infectious diseases.
Optimization of welding parameters on weld deposits area in pulsed gas metal arc welding
Authors: Vellaichamy Ramesh , Beemaraj Radha Krishnan , Ashok Raj R. , Irudayaraj Ambrose Edward , Chandrasekar Mathalai Sundaram
Published: April 2024

This paper presents a methodology for optimising pulsed gas metal arc welding parameters on Stainless Steel GRADE 410. Most sectors favour the economic welding technique for its favourable outcomes, such as enhanced strength and reduced corrosion. Compared to conventional welding methods, pulsed gas metal arc welding has the advantage of reducing current consumption and increasing the rate at which metal is deposited. An optimisation technique is employed to forecast the weld bead's accurate geometry, penetration depth, and reinforcement height, considering the welding input parameters such as welding speed, current rate, and frequency level. The Taguchi technique uses experimental analysis by considering input and output parameters. A multiple regression analysis model has been developed for SS Grade 410 Stainless steel to determine the bead geometry's correctness.
Recent advances in the production of soap from used cooking oil for environment remediation
Authors: Soni Himanshi , Kaur Manvinder , Verma Meenakshi
Published: April 2024

Soap made from used cooking oil has gained renewed interest in recent years due to its sustainability and environmental benefits. The process of transforming used cooking oil into soap involves several chemical reactions and precise measurements to ensure a high-quality final product. In this study, we aim to explore the various methods and techniques involved in the successful formation of soap from used cooking oil, while also considering the environmental impact and economic viability of this process. Additionally, we will investigate the potential of using natural additives and fragrances to enhance the properties of soap and cater to diverse consumer preferences. Understanding the chemical principles and techniques involved in this process is crucial for creating high-quality soap. This review provides valuable insights into the feasibility and benefits of repurposing used cooking oil for the production of soap, contributing to the growing body of knowledge on sustainable and eco-friendly manufacturing practices.
Overview of image-based 3D reconstruction technology
Authors: Niu Yuandong , Liu Limin , Huang Fuyu , Huang Siyuan , Chen Shuangyou
Published: April 2024

Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction technology is the key technology to establish and express the objective world by using computer, and it is widely used in real 3D, automatic driving, aerospace, navigation and industrial robot applications. According to different principles, it is mainly divided into methods based on traditional multi-view geometry and methods based on deep learning. This paper introduces the above methods from the perspective of three-dimensional space representation. The feature extraction and stereo matching theory of traditional 3D reconstruction methods are the theoretical basis of 3D reconstruction methods based on deep learning, so the paper focuses on them. With the development of traditional 3D reconstruction methods and the development of deep learning related theories, the explicit deep learning 3D reconstruction method represented by MVSNet and the implicit 3D reconstruction method represented by NeRF have been gradually developed. At the same time, the dataset and evaluation indicators for 3D reconstruction were introduced. Finally, a summary of image based 3D reconstruction was provided.
Sustainable synthesis of vanadate/fluorapatite nano-crystallites from solid waste for enhanced photocatalysis and pollution removal
Authors: Chajri Fatima Zahra , Bensemlali Meryem , Hatimi Badreddine , Joudi Meryeme , Aarfane Abdellatif , Monkade Mohamed , El Gaini Layla , Bakasse Mina , Nasrellah Hamid
Published: April 2024

In this work, vanadate-fluorapatite, V2O5/Ca10(PO4)6F2, nanocrystals were successfully synthesized through a straightforward one-step co-precipitation method. This method was based on two toxic solid wastes, which are mainly generated as by-products during sulfuric acid manufacturing and in the phosphate industry. The two solid wastes were mainly based on phosphogypsum as a source of calcium and vanadium pentoxide as a source of vanadate. In comparison to numerous conventional methods for FAP synthesis, this innovative method is not laborious, not complex, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly, thanks to the recovery of toxic solid wastes. Furthermore, it consists of mixing various contents of anhydrous gypsum with phosphoric acid, vanadium pentoxide, and ammonium fluoride at one time and at room temperature with no further adjustment of the pH. Several physicochemical characterization techniques were used, including X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-vis). Whereas SEM analysis of the crystals obtained showed a nanometer-scale fluorapatite crystallites was obtained. The obtained results offer exciting potential for applying the prepared nanomaterial in both photocatalysis and pollution removal. They hold great promise and are expected to generate significant interest in these fields.
Les risques environnementaux en 2020 : état des lieux et leçons d’une réflexion prospective à INRAE
Authors: Eckert Nicolas , Rigolot Éric , Caquet Thierry , Naaim Mohamed , Giacona Florie
Published: April 2024

De nombreux territoires font face à des risques grandissants et de plus en plus multiples et interconnectés. Sur la base du matériel rassemblé lors d’un atelier de prospective INRAE et d’une analyse bibliographique et bibliométrique, cet article propose un état des lieux transversal des risques environnementaux en 2020 et de la recherche menée à INRAE sur le sujet. Le périmètre de l’analyse inclut les risques de catastrophe, les risques physicochimiques et les risques pour les écosystèmes. Les leçons de cet état des lieux sont mises en perspective au regard des besoins de la recherche nationale et internationale sur le sujet et du contexte d’urgence environnementale actuelle. L’analyse fait ressortir l’intérêt d’une approche holistique et intégrée des risques environnementaux incluant l’ensemble du périmètre considéré et la nécessité d’inscrire l’appréhension des risques environnementaux dans une démarche de sciences de la durabilité pour surmonter les verrous associés.
L’aviation, le tourisme et la décarbonation dans les décennies à venir : impasses, solutions et incertitudes
Authors: Ceron Jean-Paul , Peeters Paul , Dubois Ghislain
Published: April 2024

Alors que le tourisme et le transport aérien se relèvent de l’impact de la Covid-19 et des problèmes structurels qu’elle a mis en lumière (conditions de travail, etc.), cela paraît être le moment de faire un bilan et une synthèse combinant les thématiques suivantes : les scénarios d’émissions de gaz à effet de serre du tourisme pour lesquels des travaux récents ont amélioré sensiblement la réflexion ; les émissions de l’aérien, dont 60 % selon le dernier rapport du GIEC sont hors CO2. On y voit maintenant plus clair sur les possibilités de diminuer ces dernières de façon significative ; les carburants et les motorisations alternatives pour l’aviation, sujets complexes et controversés sur lesquels la science a bien avancé ces dernières années. Les développements dans ces trois domaines offriraient-ils de nouvelles perspectives pour penser et atteindre une décarbonation du tourisme aérien ? La réponse est qu’elles peuvent apporter une contribution partielle, sans pour autant rendre caduques les réflexions antérieures sur les substitutions entre types de tourisme (proximité/longue distance), modes de transport (transport terrestre/aérien), etc. Dans le prolongement de cette analyse, l’article s’intéresse au positionnement des acteurs et aux types d’arguments qu’ils mobilisent. Le texte conclut sur la nécessité des choix stratégiques à effectuer pour éviter un gaspillage de moyens.