Ornamen dan Nilai-Nilai Karakter Cerita Pancatantra pada Relief Candi Mendut dan Candi Sojiwan
Authors: Waluyo  
Published: February 2019

This research is based on pañcatantra themed stories in Mendut Temple and Sojiwan Temple which contain noble moral values in shaping a person's character, but have not been used optimally, as well as the lack of a comprehensive elaboration of similarities and differences in both temples, both the ornament and its relief analysis and the character there is. This study aims to describe the similarities and differences in the ornaments and values of the characters of the pañcatantra story found in Mendut Temple and Sojiwan Temple. This study uses a qualitative paradigm with archaeological research methods based on iconographic analysis. Relief with the theme pañcatantra is carried out by iconographic analysis in terms of narrative, form, morphology, technology, and contextual. Data sourced from Mendut Temple and Sojiwan Temple are sculpted with many reliefs themed pañcatantra which contain character values in the wise conduct of life. The validity of the data is supported by increased perseverance, peer and expert discussions, triangulation, in addition to the dependability, transferability, and confirmability processes. Data analysis using relief analysis as part of the iconographic analysis which is deepened by the analysis of the Spradley model consisting of domain analysis, taxonomy, compound, and cultural themes. The results showed that: (a) the reliefs of pañcatantra-themed fables on Mendut Temple and Sojiwan Temple were "Garuda and Turtle", "Crocodiles and Monkey", "Elephants and Rodents", "Crab and Stork", "Two-Headed Birds", and" Wolves and Ox"; while the stories found in Mendut Temple but not in Sojiwan Temple are "Snake and Civet", "Turtle and Goose", "A Monkey", "Brahmin, Snake, and Crab", "Deer, Tiger, and Monkey", "Snakes and Flying Man "," Angry Monkey","Tigers, Monkey, and Goats","Two Deers", and "Cats and Three Rats"; (b) the equality of pañcatantra relief ornaments in Mendut Temple and Sojiwan Temple takes the form of monoscenic narratives, but there are also forms of continuous narratives in Mendut Temple; where most are rectangular, in addition there are also triangular and irregular shapes in Mendut Temple; whereas the morphological analysis of figures carved mostly naturalists, except in Sojiwan Temple found not naturalist in the form of eagle, ornamental shells, and kinnara; relief sizes at Mendut Temple vary according to the existing fields, while in Sojiwan Temple the size is the same in all reliefs; where the two temples have a proportional figure of the central figure located in the center of the panel flanked by ornate flora and/or fauna; in terms of technology, the two temples are included in the category of high relief with features carved on hard, deep, and more naturalistic stone; contextual analysis of the two temples is different from the discovery of unique and specific forms of elephants, lions, and humans riding lions in the Sojiwan Temple; in addition to the equation, there are makara and gana with slightly different characters; (c) the values of the pañcatantra story characters as niti-shastra which can be used as the wise conduct of life in Mendut Temple and Sojiwan Temple which have positive values, namely responsibility, strategy, sacrifice, help, togetherness, joy, hard work, work gradually, compassion, reciprocity, wisdom, friendship, mutual help, brotherhood, ingenuity, gratitude, cause and effect understanding, loyalty, honesty, patience, on time, struggle, alertness, empathy, and ready to face challenges; whereas negative values that arise include hostility, deception, revenge, self-forgetfulness, pride, stubbornness, greed, ill-will plans, murder, deception, ignorance, defeat, mocking, anger, expecting something that is not maybe, together in crime, pretense, more desire, jealousy, wrong desires, and wasting opportunities.