bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Legal Design of the Smart Contract: The Legal Nature and Scope of Application
Authors: Grin O. S. , Grin E. S. , Solovyov A. V.
Published: August 2019

Within the framework of this article, the authors carry out the study of the design of the smart contract in the context of jurisprudence and technical sciences. The paper analyzes the legal nature of the smart contract and the issues concerning the scope of application (in relation to distributed ledger technology).

The authors conclude that the category of “smart contract” can be defined in technical and legal aspects. In foreign literature, there are two categories: a legal smart contract and a smart contract code (or smart contract). The smart contract as a technical phenomenon represents a computer code that allows automated fulfillment of obligations. From legal point of view, the approaches to the definition of the smart contract depend primarily on the fact that the authors rely on the possibility of using smart contracts only within the framework of distributed ledger technology or other information technologies. At the same time, the majority of authors share the view that the smart contract exists exclusively in relation to the technology of distributed ledgers, namely, the blockchain. The article proposes to define the smart contract as a standard (special) contractual design — a contract concluded by electronic or other technical means, under the terms of which performance of the obligation is carried out without directed explicit additional expression of will (under Part 2 of Article 309 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation).

The article states that the smart contract cannot be qualified as an independent way of ensuring the performance of obligations. Such qualification is possible only if the functional approach to understanding security is applied. The paper examines the main fields of application of smart contracts and possible risks of their application (in terms of statement of terms of agreements in relation to a programming language; in respect of necessity of compliance with such fundamental principles of civil law as legality, fairness, protection of the weak; the need for communication with public authorities and notaries, as well as risks of using smart contracts in relations involving the participation of consumers). A separate set of questions concerns the protection of the rights infringed due to the use of smart contracts.
International Dimension of Scientific and Technological Integration of the EAEU in the Context of Sustainable Development Strategy: Political and Legal Framework
Authors: Shugurov M. V.
Published: August 2019

The focus of the paper is the process of development of international innovative and scientifictechnological cooperation of the EAEU in the context of transition to sustainable development. The study is aimed at the formation of a conceptual model of external cooperation for international innovation, science and technology (MINTS) of the EAEU in the light of the tasks set by the 2030 Agenda for sustainable development in relation to the direction of development and transfer of technology, knowledge and innovation, as well as the emerging strategy for sustainable development of the EAEU. The result of the study is identification of the objectives of this cooperation; disclosure of the specifics of its political and legal framework; establishment of its subject composition; priority areas clarification. The conclusion of the study is the conceptual position that the EAEU’s external cooperation on innovation, science and technology in modern conditions ensures not only the technological modernization of the economy of the Member States as the basis of global competitiveness, but also regional competitiveness in achieving the sustainable development goals. In accordance with this, the author identifies a number of tasks that need to be solved by the Union, namely: the formation of a regional strategy for sustainable development, increasing the importance of environmental issues in the framework of the Eurasian integration project, the development of a strategy for international scientific and technological cooperation of the Member States, taking into account their membership in the EAEU and further — the transition to a coordinated and then unified policy in the field of the MINTS with international organizations, other regional associations of the states and foreign countries.
Some Approaches to Energy and Environmental Issues in the Legislation of Integration Associations (Example of the European Union and the Eurasian Economic Union)
Authors: Efimtseva T. V.
Published: August 2019

At the present stage of the European Union development, energy policy is a strategy aimed at achieving the energy independence of the region and ensuring the energy security of all EU members. In this regard, it should be considered reasonable to transfer the issues of energy strategy development to the supranational bodies of the Union. At the same time, energy policy should be considered in close connection with the environmental policy of the European Union, as environmental protection is a topical issue in the European region. The result of cooperation between the countries of Europe is the implementation of such initiatives as the development of renewable energy sources, the production of alternative fuels, the introduction of «green taxes», the operation of a common system of environmental management and environmental audit, the action of a kind of system of environmental certification of products («eco-label»). Similar problems are faced by such an integration association as the Eurasian Economic Union. In this regard, the experience of the European Union should be taken into account when addressing energy and environmental issues in the framework of the common policy of the EAEU Member States. In particular, the paper justifies the necessity of concluding a multilateral agreement on the protection of the environment in the EAEU framework. Currently, the basis of scientific and technical cooperation of the EAEU Member States is the priority technological platforms, which are understood as objects of innovative infrastructure network, making it possible to ensure the integration of states, science and business to combine and concentrate the necessary resources in the most important areas of scientific and technological development of the Eurasian Economic Union, including in the fields of energy and environment.
Symposium of the journal "Herald of Civil Procedure": History, Current State and Development Prospects
Authors: Valeev D. Kh. , Makolkin N. N.
Published: August 2019

The journal «Herald of Civil Procedure» annually gathers outstanding scholars and practitioners in the field of civil procedure in Kazan. Within the 5 years, the Symposium of the journal has become a real tradition, gained annual participants, friends and listeners, as well as created a platform for large-scale discussion at the highest level. The first and each subsequent symposia are very similar to each other, but every year there is something new, a kind of highlight, giving the event a uniqueness and impetus to move forward, develop, and improve the level.

The first Symposium was held in the Spring of 2014, its theme was designated as «The Evolution of the civil process: issues of comparative law and national law». The second Symposium, held in 2015, was devoted to the reform of the civil process and its current state. The 2016 Symposium, the third in a row, was named «Kazan arbitration day: development of the rule of law and regional problems». The fourth Symposium of the journal «Herald of Civil Procedure» was named the «Electronic justice and information technologies in civil proceedings» and was held on September 29, 2017.

In 2018 the V Annual Symposium of the journal was devoted not only to civil procedure, but also to some aspects of substantive law, as it was devoted to the issues of evidentiary law, which made it possible to invite academics and legal practitioners, as well as experts in the field of evidence and establishment of evidence to participate in the event. A striking contribution to the Symposium was the participation of academics-representatives of various law schools of Russia, practicing lawyers, representatives of the judicial community, as well as academics of Kazan University.
¿Son suficientes los programas de asistencia social para los adultos mayores?
Authors: Chávez Vásquez Yedidi , Díaz Beltrán Magdalena
Published: August 2019

Ante el crecimiento de la expectativa de vida cada vez son más las personas adultas mayores en nuestro país esto conlleva tomar medidas para satisfacer las necesidades propias de esta condición física es por eso que se considera necesario el que la asistencia social analizada como un derecho humano de carácter social se haga extensivo a las personas adultas mayores para así garantizar de manera digna la última etapa por la que atravesamos los seres humanos.
DESCENTRALIZACIÓN TERRITORIAL: CRISIS Y RETOS QUE EXIGE LA POSMODERNIDAD EN EL ESTADO COLOMBIANO
Authors: MOLINA GOMEZ YUDIS MARIA
Published: August 2019

El Estado Colombiano, pasa una de las mayores crisis en el tema de la descentralización territorial,  pues la posmodernidad exige retos, para generar cambios en el sistema cultural, social y económico, que se está viendo amenazado por la falta de legislación en materia de ordenamiento territorial, pues la deficientes normas que existen en el tema  no permiten un avance significativo; El propósito de este artículo es presentar una revisión crítica y general a manera de reflexión, sobre aspectos importantes sobre el tema.
Unusual Early Cerebral Metastasis of Ovarian Carcinoma as Initial Presentation
Authors: S Qudsieh , MM Al-Barbarawi , Bany Amer N
Published: August 2019

Background: Although systemic malignancies are frequently metastasizing to the central nervous system (CNS), ovarian carcinoma, which is a common malignancy in females, is rarely affecting brain. In general, the outcome for ovarian carcinoma with brain metastases is dismal as most of these patients usually present late with metastases elsewhere.Materials and methods: A retrospective review of four cases with cerebral metastases as the initial presentation of ovarian carcinoma in patients ages 25 to 45 years. Three patients received hormonal therapy for infertility. All cases presented initially with symptoms and signs suggestive of increased intracranial pressure with unknown primary pathology. CT and MRI scans showed intracranial enhancing lesions in different locations. Full malignancy work up showed a primary lesion arising from the pelvis with no other lesions detected.Results: Three patients underwent laparotomy for ovarian carcinoma resection once their neurological condition optimized, one case died early before she had laparotomy. All cases underwent Craniotomy for excision of the solitary metastatic lesion. In all cases, the histopathology demonstrated metastatic ovarian carcinoma. Subsequently, patients received chemo-radiotherpy. Although treatment all cases died within two years.Conclusion: It is unusual for ovarian carcinoma to present initially with CNS involvement. Unlike other primary tumours, ovarian carcinoma does not have a predilection for the central nervous system. However, CNS involvement occurs at late stage of the disease. Although multimodal treatment the outcome still poor. Hormonal therapy for infertility may be a risk factor for ovarian carcinoma and its aggressive behavior with cerebral metastasis.
Gondolatok a lexikográfiáról
Authors: Bárdosi Vilmos
Published: August 2019

A szótár, akárcsak a Biblia, a könyvek könyvének nevezhető, minden nemzet nyelvének első számú könyve. Anatole France-t gyakran idézik: „a szótár az egész univerzum ábécé sorrendben”, egy könyv, amely az összes többi könyvet is tartalmazza: csak elő kell venni őket. Szerzője, a lexikográfus fontos társadalmi szerepet tölt be azzal, hogy óhatatlanul hozzájárul a nyelvi normák kialakulásához és fejlődéséhez, noha nem is akar normákat felállítani, és nem is kell tőle elvárni. A domináns szó- és kifejezéskészlet, az adott nyelv domináns használatának bemutatásával részt vesz annak legitimációjában, terjesztésében, a jövőbeni nyelvi normák kialakításában. A rengeteg nyelvfüggő kulturális sztereotípiát tartalmazó két- és többnyelvű szótárak viszont egyfajta interkulturális hídnak tekinthetők a nyelvek között és a nyelvek között. Az írás felvázolja a lexikográfus munkájának fő kihívásait, a szótár mikro- és makrokozmoszának felépítését, beleértve az ezzel járó nehézségeket, és kitér a nyomtatott és a digitális/online szótárak összehasonlítására is.
Beszermény és besermen
Authors: Senga Toru
Published: August 2019

A magyar böszörmény korábbi formája a beszermény volt, az etimológiai szótárakban általában nem található meg. Első bizonyított előfordulása a Bezermen helynév a 13. századból. Jelentése ’muszlim’. Az óoroszban és az ócsehben is megtalálhatók azonos alakú és jelentésű szavak. A besurmen alak először a Kijevi Krónika 1184-es bejegyzésében fordult elő. A Lavrentij-évkönyv 1282-es bejegyzésében a besurmen egyszer, a besermen pedig ötször fordul elő. A hirtelen és váratlan változás valószínűleg egy későbbi másoló vagy fordító saját nyelvének nem szándékos hatására vezethető vissza. A besurmen alak valószínűleg a polovecek nyelvéből származik. Abból a tényből kiindulva, hogy a volgai bolgárokat később a 14. században az óoroszban besermenként emlegették, feltételezhetjük, hogy az óorosz a szót a volgai bolgárok nyelvéből, a csuvas típusú török nyelvek egyikéből kölcsönözte. A besermen forma először a Vlagyimir-Szuzdali fejedelemségben terjedt el, majd az egész Rusz területén uralkodóvá vált. A magyar beszermény egy másik csuvas típusú török nyelv kölcsönszava lehet, legkésőbb a 9. században kölcsönözték. Az ócseh bezzermene (Besermené) eredetét tekintve a magyar terjedés valószínűbb, mint a keleti szláv. A 13. században ezeknek a szavaknak a jelentése ’muzulmán’ volt a Volgától nyugatra, egészen a Moldva folyóig, különösebb etnikai utalás nélkül. Ugyanaz a jelentés rejtőzik a Biserminben, amit Plano Carpini említett, a ferences szerzetes tévesen etnikai névnek hitte. Ezzel szemben útitársa, a szláv nyelveket ismerő Benedictus Polonus a cseh és az orosz szót vette köznévnek, útleírásában nem említette a Bisermin szót.
A háború utáni újjáépítés kérdése és a nemzetközi szervezetek szerepe
Authors: Samir Zaien
Published: August 2019

Nem kétséges, hogy a konfliktus utáni helyzetek fizikai újjáépítést igényelnek. Ugyanakkor egy jól fejlett civil társadalom a független médiával és a megbízható rendőrséggel és igazságszolgáltatással egyaránt alapvető fontosságú a fizikai újjáépítéshez a fenntartható gazdasági növekedés és stabilitás megszerzése érdekében. A konfliktus utáni helyzetekben a újjáépítésnek túl kell lépnie az infrastruktúra és a szolgáltatások rekonstrukciójának technikai vonatkozásain . Emellett lényegében emberi dimenziót is kell tartalmaznia, amely segíti az emberek civil társadalomba való visszailleszkedését. A nemzetközi nem kormányzati szervezetek szerepe akkor fog teljesülni, amikor a civil társadalom által támogatott kormányzati struktúrák teljes mértékben képesek átvenni feladataikat, amely hitelességgel (pl. Politikai és gazdasági hajlandóság, pártatlanság és elszámoltathatóság) és megvalósíthatósággal (konkrét kapacitással és szakmai hozzáértéssel) párosul. A nemzetközi szervezetek egyre növekvő szerepe miatt, amely túlmutat az adományozók érdekein, hogy e szervezetek érdekeit képviselik, és függetlenek a célok elérésének egyszerű eszközeitől, részletesebben meg kell vizsgálni őket, hogy megismerjük az általuk játszott új szerepeket és a globális hatalmi egyensúlyra, valamint a háborúban szétszakadt államok nemzeti szuverenitásra gyakorolt hatásukat.
A Nemzeti Agrárgazdasági Kamara Heves megyei tanácsadóinak szerepe a gazdálkodók életében
Authors: Bencze Tibor
Published: August 2019

Jelen kutatásom a Nemzeti Agrárgazdasági Kamara Heves megyei tanácsadóinak szerepére terjed ki a gazdálkodók életében. A téma aktualitását az adta, hogy 2014-óta a Falugazdász hálózatot a Nemzeti Agrárgazdasági Kamarához tartozik. A 2013. március 28-án létrejött Magyar Agrár-, Élelmiszergazdasági és Vidékfejlesztési Kamara, feladata a hazai agrár- és élelmiszerszektor erősítése, érdekeinek érvényesítése, a magyar élelmiszerek versenyképességének támogatása, továbbá a szaktanácsadás, ezen kívül gyors, pontos és megbízható információk eljuttatása a termelőkhöz. A falugazdászok átvételével a NAK saját eddigi kamarai tanácsadóival együtt egységes, „egyablakos” gazdatámogató rendszert hozott létre. A falugazdász és a korábbi kamarai tanácsadói hálózat egyesítésével egy 670 fős, egységes országos hálózat jött létre. A megyében 25 fő falugazdász, 4 fő falugazdász adminisztrátor végzi a hozzájuk kapcsolódó feladatokat a fő falugazdász koordinálásával. Az átállás során megtartották a körzetközponti felosztásokat és jelenleg 5 központban (Eger, Hatvan, Heves, Detk, Füzesabony) várják ügyfeleiket, illetve Gyöngyösön is található a hét minden napján nyitva tartó iroda, ahol az elnöki kabinet is helyet kapott. Kutatásomban kérőíves felmérés segítségével vizsgáltam a Heves megyében dolgozó falugazdászok életkorát, falugazdászként eltöltött éveket, valamint a munkájuk során elvégzett feladataikat. A Heves megyében mezőgazdasági tevékenységet folytatóknak készített kérdőívben vizsgáltam az adott személy életkorát, nemét, iskolai végzettségét, ismeri-e a településén illetékes falugazdászt, illetve felkereste már ügyintézés céljából. A kérdőív utolsó kérdésében arra szerettem volna választ kapni, hogy a falugazdászok a gazdálkodókra nehezedő adminisztratív terhek hány százalékában tudnak segíteni. Összességében elmondható, hogy a gazdálkodó társadalom minden tagja életében fontos szerepet tölt be a falugazdász hálózat.
The marketing channels of the local food production and their food safety requirements
Authors: Nagyné Pércsi Kinga
Published: August 2019

As the consequence of the modernization of the consumer habits and the intensive concentration process in retail sector there is an emerging need for building closer consumer- producer relations (Szabó, 2014). Local food production and localized food supply chains, often referred as food relocalisation, have recently become the focus of attention among consumers, producers, as well as policy makers (Balázs, 2012). These systems have a long tradition in the United States and in Western Europe, and they also have deep historic roots in Hungary (Balázs et. al, 2015). In Hungary about 70% trust more in farmers, compared to 30% in stores (Eurobarometer, 2011). The organic food producing activity is a special category in the range of local food production. The consumers usually keep the local food products healthier, fresher and safer as compared to the food marketed in the conventional food supply chains. This is even true for the organic food. In this case the consumers approve and appreciate the producing method also. However the market of organic products is quite small in Hungary, based on its development potential it has strategic importance (Szakály, 2004, in Szente, 2015). Relating to the abovementioned the aim of this article is to introduce the main marketing channels of Hungarian local food production, the relating most important food safety problems. I paid a special attention to the marketing channels of local organic production, because in this product circle the food safety requirements have vital importance.
Economic and social factors in Taiwan’s competitiveness with special focus on the Taiwan-EU trade relations
Authors: Neszmélyi György Iván
Published: August 2019

The main question of this study is the present and future challenges that influence Taiwan’s development and competitiveness. From among these traits the issue of the high exposition (especially in terms of FDI) and growing dependence on mainland China (the People’s Republic of China), the need for a shift in terms of the main drivers of the future economic development and to mitigate the risks of brain drain and social unrest. Taiwan needs to give up insisting to the principle of low labour costs, and this may give impetus to the two-decades long salary stagnation and to the domestic consumption. Taiwan can be competitive by increasing its focus to the domestic R&D and innovation in the new industries and also puts more emphasis on sustainability. It may give Taiwanese economy a chance to remain competitive and successful. The study gives a brief overview on the main characteristics and figures of the Taiwan-EU economic and trade relationship from which it can well be seen that while in a 10 years period (2004-2015) the European exports to Taiwan grew by around 50 % in value, Taiwanese exports to the EU countries more or less remains stagnant during the same period. It illustrates and emphasizes the fact that Taiwanese economy needs stimulus to regain its competitiveness. Within the frames of the Taiwan-EU economic relations the paper gives a brief insight into the Hungaro-Taiwanese trade issues too.
Az MSCC szurkolói motivációs skála adaptálása egyetemi hallgatók körében
Authors: Balogh Renátó , Bácsné Bába Éva
Published: August 2019

A látvány-csapatsportok esetében az üzleti bevételek közül, különös jelentőséggel bír a fogyasztói piacról származó, hiszen nagymértékben befolyásolja a további piacok működését. Kijelenthető, hogy fogyasztók nélkül nem beszélhetünk látványsportról. Cikkünkben arra a kérdésre kerestük a választ, hogy az egyes magyar látvány-csapatsportágak mérkőzései iránti érdeklődést milyen tényezők befolyásolják. A kérdés megválaszolása érdekében adaptáltuk az MSSC szurkolói motivációs skálát. A kérdőív fordítása után kutatásunkat a Debreceni Egyetem Gazdaságtudományi, illetve a Gyermeknevelési és Gyógypedagógiai Kar hallgató körében végeztük (n=178). A megbízhatósági vizsgálat után faktorelemzést végeztünk, amely meghatározta a mérkőzések iránti érdeklődést befolyásoló tényezőket (látványosság, csapattal való azonosulás, szórakozás, vonzalom, közösséghez való tartozás). Az eredmények segítséget nyújthatnak a szurkolók magatartásának megismerését, amely hozzájárulhat az átlagnézőszámok emelkedéséhez.
Gondolatok a beszállítói kiválasztás folyamatáról nagyvállalatok vizsgálatán keresztül
Authors: Morauszki Kinga Szilvia
Published: August 2019

Minden vállalatra igaz a megfogalmazás, miszerint a vállalatok, hogy jövedelmezőségüket és versenyképességüket növelni tudják, olyan beszállító partnereket keresnek, akik jól és rugalmasan reagálnak a változásokra, jó minőséget produkálnak és nem a legdrágább árral dolgoznak. Habár a vevő vállalatok egyre szigorúbb feltételeket szabnak – hiszen egyre erőteljesebb a verseny a beszállító státusz elnyeréséért – , mégis vannak olyan beszállítók, akik képesek lépést tartani a többi vállalattal a mai világban. Egy beszállító kiválasztásánál nem csak az ár a döntő tényező. Nagy jelentőséggel bír az is, hogy a szállító termékeiben realizálódik a beszállított termék vagy szolgáltatás minősége, éppen ezért figyelembe kell venni további kiválasztási faktorokat is, mint pl. a szervezet felkészültségét, fejlődőképességét, minőségügyi elkötelezettségét, a minőségügyi rendszerét és annak gyakorlati alkalmazását. Ennek megfelelően maga a kiválasztás folyamata, számos nehézséggel néz szembe. Jelenlegi tanulmány ezeket a pontokat, problémákat hivatott összefoglalni, ismertetni, melyekkel a hazai autóiparban tevékenykedő nagy vállalatok küzdenek.
Élelmiszerjelölés jelentősége a vidéki élelmiszerelőállításban
Authors: Nagyné Pércsi Kinga
Published: August 2019

Az élelmiszerek címkéjén szereplő jelölési információknak fontos szerepe van a vásárlási döntések meghozatalában. Ugyanakkor a fogyasztók más-más élelmiszer összetevőket tartanak veszélyesnek, illetve fontosnak. Előfordul, hogy bonyolultnak tartják a címkén megjelenő információkat, illetve elvesznek a jelölések és védjegyek rengetegében. A helyi élelmiszer termékek és a bioélelmiszerek esetén az is megfigyelhető, hogy a közvetlen termelői – fogyasztói kapcsolat helyettesíti az élelmiszercímkét és a tanúsító védjegyet. Ilyen esetekben jelentősége kevésbé fontos. Vannak olyan kutatások, melyek szerint a fogyasztók elsősorban akkor vizsgálják meg az élelmiszer jelölését, a címkén szereplő információkat, ha valamire allergiásak, vegetáriánus életmódot folytatnak, vagy vallási okok miatt kíváncsiak az összetevőkre (Bandara et. al, 2016). Mindezek alapján érdemes tehát megvizsgálni a kistermelői termékekre, ezen belül is az ökológiai élelmiszerekre vonatkozó jelölési szabályokat, valamint a címke szerepét a vásárlói döntéshozatalban. A cikk célja a fentieknek megfelelően annak vizsgálata, hogy mennyire fontosak a közvetlen termelői-fogyasztói kapcsolatok a bioélelmiszereket fogyasztók körében, illetve helyettesíti-e ez a kapcsolat az élelmiszercímkét? További érdekes, címkézéshez kapcsolódó kérdés, hogy milyen összetevőket tartanak veszélyesnek a bioélelmiszereket fogyasztók? A kutatás módszere a szakirodalmi vizsgálat mellett a személyes megkérdezés és egy önkényesen kiválasztott minta papír alapú kérdőíves vizsgálata volt.
Gondolatok a hazai településfejlesztésről a legkisebbek szemszögéből
Authors: Tóth Tamás , Oláh Izabella
Published: August 2019

A hazai településfejlesztéshez kapcsolódó alapvetések áttakintését követően, a legkisebb települések szemszögéből mutatjuk be ezt a témát. Magyarország kis-, apró- és törpetelepüléseinek vizsgálata során az utóbbi évtizedben sok eredmény látott napvilágot. Ezek a kutatások a települések jellemzőit, karakterisztikáját festették le, és igyekeztek a főbb problémaköröket is feltárni. Ezen vizsgálatokhoz szeretnék hozzájárulni, kitérve a Magyar Falu Program elindításával nyíló lehetőségekre, valamint felhívva a figyelmet arra, hogy ezen a problémakörön belül még sok munka vár ránk. Számtalan ilyen programra lesz szükség a meglévő és folyamatosan keletkező problémák megoldása érdekében.
Determinants of deprivation in Turkey, a logistic regression analysis
Authors: Bruder Emese , Obadovics Csilla , Unal Hakan
Published: August 2019

The main goal of this paper is to analyse factors which increase the probability of becoming poor, as well as to estimate which characteristics raises the risk of becoming poor. We use a logit model, which is a flexible way to seek determinants of a phenomena. None of the poverty literature denies the role of education and employment status in becoming poor. However, we test the contribution of other explanatory variables to look at poverty from different approaches. Deprivation index will be used as measure of poverty. We use 2016 wave of SILC data provided by Turkish Statistical Institution.
Measurement opportunities of labour market requirements of university students
Authors: Kollár Péter
Published: August 2019

Competency-based education, as a representative concept addressing the educational and employee development challenges, encompasses multiple theoretical and pragmatic approaches with various scopes of analyses. In this research, the reader is tried to introduce to a data-driven[1]or big-data-based method. The goals of this research are to investigate how behaviour patterns related competencies can be identified and measured using the strength of log file and records, and to develop a professional system that is able to foresee training needs based on similarity analyses enabling artificial intelligence-based term-creation processes.
The empirical analysis of technology and foreign direct investments
Authors: Corekcioglu Selim
Published: August 2019

The main aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between foreign direct investment and R&D spending using panel co-integration methods for upper middle-income economies and high-income economies. A larger level of investment is needed to increase the capital stock in order to ensure growth, but the typically low savings rate makes this difficult to achieve. Theoretically, it is expected that foreign direct investments would solve the saving inadequacy problem of the target country leading to economic growth by increasing capital accumulation. In this study, Levin Liu Chu and Pesaran Shin Unit Root tests, Pedroni panel co-integration tests was applied. According to the co-integration analysis, foreign direct investment and R&D spending move together in the long run. The results of the panel co-integration test which examines the long-term relationship, showed that R&D spending has stronger effect on foreign direct investment. In a globalized world, technology is one of the most important determinant of competition among countries. Technology improves profitability and competitiveness by increasing productivity. It can be seen that technological developments are coupled with economic growth throughout the history. With the involvement of technology transfers in production, added value will increase in manufacturing industry, so this will accelerate the process growth. Infrastructural investments, education system reforms tax reduction should be provided by government to promote technology level. The findings of this paper underline that capital accumulation and foreign direct investment are very important for countries in terms of development.
A megatrendek hatása a marketingkommunikációra és a marketing oktatására : Egy, a marketingoktatók körében végzett nemzetközi felmérés eredményei
Authors: Rekettye Gábor , Papp-Váry Árpád
Published: August 2019

Tanulmányunk egy saját nemzetközi felmérés eredményeinek segítségével azokat a globális megatrendeket vizsgálja meg, amelyek hatással vannak az üzleti gyakorlatra és a marketing oktatására. A teljes mintából az oktatók inputját arra is fel tudtuk használni, hogy a válaszadók nézetei alapján három fontos szempontból is előrejelzéseket fogalmazzunk meg a marketingkommunikáció jövőjét illetően, továbbá megfogalmazzuk ezek közvetlen hatását az üzleti és marketing tárgyak oktatására.
Do Institutional Distances Influence South-South Cross-Border Acquisitions?
Authors: Moura Stephanie Tonn Goulart , Krug Juliano , Falaster Christian , Parisotto Iara Regina dos Santos
Published: August 2019

Different countries have different institutional environments. In this way, multinational companies must deal with the difficulties imposed by the differences between their home environment and that of the country where they are inserted. In this article, we analyze the effects of institutional distance on South-South acquisitions. Specifically, we analyze the effect of institutional distance on the amount of participation chosen in Latin American international acquisitions in Brazil. More specifically, the effect of institutional distance is analyzed through the percentage of shares acquired in international acquisitions. Our results contribute to the theory in international business because it explains why Latin American companies prefer to make total acquisitions even in situations of high institutional distances.
“Good While It Lasts”: International Alliances Between Brazilian Family Firms And Foreign Firms
Authors: Werneck Alvaro Luiz dos Santos , Da Rocha Angela
Published: August 2019

The study aimed at investigating how Brazilian family firms internationalize by means of strategic alliances with foreign corporations. A literature review on strategic alliances and the internationalization of family firms served as the basis for the study, which uses the case method of investigation. Two cases involving marketing alliances between Brazilian family firms and foreign firms were analyzed. The study presents an empirically-derived framework of the processes of establishing, developing, and (eventually) terminating these strategic alliances, indicating potential hazards (asymmetries of size, information, and resources) that can impact the results, particularly within a context of different cultural background of the partners.
Kandaulos. The testimony of select sources
Authors: Kokoszko Maciej , Gibel-Buszewska Katarzyna
Published: August 2019

The current study attempts to trace the history and retrieve the recipe of a specific dish called kándaulos/kándylos. It was a Greek delicacy developed in Lydia and named after a Lydian ruler, known by the name Candaules. The dish was (by means of the Greek Ionians in habiting Asia Minor) borrowed by the Greeks to have been established in the areas of the southern Balkan Peninsula by the 5th c B C. It became especially popular in the Hellenistic period. The testimony of the sources provides us with the information on two specific varieties of kándaulos/kándylos. The first was savoury and included such ingredients as cooked meat, stock, Phrygian cheese, breadcrumbs and dill (or fennel). The other recipe included milk, animal fat, cheese and honey. The dish is reported by the authors of the sources to have been costly and indicating the social status of its consumers. Although there is enough evidence indicating its popularity in antiquity, we lack reliable evidence showing that kándaulos/kándylos was still served in Byzantine times. However, Byzantine authors preserved the most detailed literary evidence on the delicacy.
On Some Fiscal Decisions of Caligula and Vespasian
Authors: Pikulska-Radomska Anna
Published: August 2019

The history of the Roman Empire is a history of continuously looking for new sources of state revenues. Numerous public loads, spontaneously created during the early Empire, without any deeper analysis, created a disordered mess of particular and curious taxes rather than a centralized system as an instrument of controlling economic processes. The tax decisions of the emperors mentioned in the title, in spite of having a significant influence on the state treasury, were, in fact, of the same disordered nature.
The Church of Divine Wisdom or of Christ – the Incarnate "Logos"? Dedication of "Hagia Sophia" in Constantinople in the Light of Byzantine Sources from 5th to 14th Century
Authors: Brzozowska Zofia
Published: August 2019

The article attempts to answer the question of how the name of the most important Byzantine church of Constantinople, the basilica of Hagia Sophia, built in the mid-4th cent., and then rebuilt during the reign of Justinian the Great was understood and interpreted. The problem has been presented on the basis of the views of Byzantine writers from the 5th to the 14th cent. (Socrates Scholasticus, Procopius of Caesarea, Paul the Silentiary, John Zonaras, George Pachymeres, Patriarch Callistus I). The analysis of the above sources allows an assumption that according to the Byzantines themselves the Constantinopolitan cathedral was dedicated to the Divine Wisdom, commonly identified with Christ, the Incarnate Word. The evidence supporting this thesis has been provided by both iconography (e.g. the mosaic from the turn of the 9th and 10th cent. from the tympanum over the main entrance from the narthex to nave of Hagia Sophia, depicting Christ the Pantocrator) and the liturgical practice of the basilica, which can now be reconstructed on the basis of the temple typicons, preserved until today. The final part of the article names some other churches dedicated to the Divine Wisdom, built in the area of the Byzantine ecumene (Ephesus, Jerusalem, Thessalonica, Nicaea, Edessa, Trebizond, Mistra, Arta, Benevento, Nicosia on Cyprus, Serdica (Sofia), Ohrid, Sliven, Kiev, Novgorod the Great and Polotsk).
Health and Culinary Art in Antiquity and Early Byzantium in the Light of "De re Coquinaria"
Authors: Kokoszko Maciej , Rzeźnicka Zofia , Jagusiak Krzysztof
Published: August 2019

The article is aimed at indicating and analyzing connections existing between De re coquinaria and medicine. It is mostly based on the resources of extant Greek medical treatises written up to the 7th century A.D. As such it refers to the heritage of the Corpus Hippocraticum, Dioscurides, Galen, Oribasius, Anthimus, Aetius of Amida, Paul of Aegina, to name but the most important. The authors of the study have tried to single out from De re coquinaria those recipes which have the tightest connections with medicine. They are: a digestive called oxyporum, two varieties of dressings based on fish sauce, i.e. oxygarum digestibile and oenogarum, herbal salts (sales conditi), spiced wine (conditum paradoxum), honeyed wine (conditum melizomum viatorum), absinthe (absintium Romanum), rosehip wine (rosatum), a soup (or relish) pulmentarium, a pearl barley-based soup termed tisana vel sucus or tisana barrica, an finally nettles. In order to draw their conclusions, the authors of the article projected the data from De re coquinaria upon a wide background of extant information retrieved from medical writings. The conclusions demonstrate that those who contributed to the present form of De re coquinaria, even if they did not possess strictly medical expertise, remained under a heavy influence of Hippocratic and Galenic teachings. As a result, De re coquinaria should be seen as yet another work of antiquity that supports the existence of an indissoluble bond between medical doctrines and culinary practice of the times.
Moving through Medieval Macedonia Late Modern Cartography, Archive Material, and Hydrographic Data Used for the Regressive Modelling of Transportation Networks
Authors: Popović Mihailo St.
Published: August 2019

The aim of this article is to illustrate how the rich data which was gathered during the scholarly work on Macedonia, Southern Part (Tabula Imperii Byzantini, 11) as well as on Macedonia, Northern Part (Tabula Imperii Byzantini, 16) from 2002 until 2010 can be combined with applications deriving from Historical Geographic Information System (HGIS) in order to create a case study on the transportation network and on the hydrography of Lake Vegoritis in the historical region of Macedonia. For this reason a holistic approach combining humanities and natural sciences is applied, which comprises not only written medieval sources, which have already been evaluated in the bibliography, but also late modern datasets. Their undisputable value lies in the fact that they convey the state of the respective landscapes before industrialisation commenced in South-East Europe. In the near future the author will expand his research in order to cover eight lakes in the southern Balkan peninsula – namely Lake Ohrid, the Great Prespa Lake, the Small Prespa Lake, Lake Petron, Lake Vegoritis, Lake Dojran, Lake Kerkini and the vanished Lake Achianos, which lay on the Thessalonica Front (Macedonian Front) between 1915 and 1918 and on which hydrographic data was gathered before, during and shortly after the Great War. By combining Byzantine and Ottoman sources, travel literature, maps, archaeological evidence and hydrographic data the author ventures to compare different water basins, to discern their impact on the transportation networks through time and thus to reconstruct the landscapes of past times.
Some Remarks on the Anathemas in the "Palaea Historica"
Authors: Skowronek Małgorzata , Majer Marek
Published: August 2019

The original text of the Palaea Historica, a Byzantine narration based on the initial books of the Old Testament, contains two anathema directed against the Phundagiagitae (adherents of a medieval neo-Manichaean heresy), accusing them of the belief in Cain’s being the son of Satanael and in that the union of Adam and Eve occurred in the Garden of Eden already. The analysis of the relevant passages and their counterparts in two Slavic translations of the Palaea, as well as certain other Byzantine and Slavic medieval texts with related content, contributes to illuminating the circumstances under which the Slavic translations arose. The paper also discusses the very term Phundagiagitae (practically absent from all other Slavic sources) and addresses the issue of the supposed non-canonicity of the Palaea.
Christian Family as Domestic Church in the Writings of St. John Chrysostom
Authors: Widok Norbert , Grzybowski Wacław
Published: August 2019

John Chrysostom, the most famous preacher of the Eastern Empire, exerted an important influence on the formation of family. In his homilies he instructed fathers and mothers about their pedagogical tasks, and spoke of religious upbringing of children, which was directly linked with the well being of Christian family. Commenting on St. Paul’s letters, he started propagating the idea of “domestic church,” since it performs the role of a place where sanctification of human being occurs. The father of the family performs in such situation the tasks of a bishop, i.e. a guide in religious life. He should take care of the reading of the Holy Scriptures, the practice of prayer and catechetical teaching, which lead to proper level of faith and Christian morality. According to Chrysostom, systematic introduction of these religious practices in the family contributes to increase in piety among members, as well as social responsibility. The well formed family offers proper foundation for the transmission of religious tradition and significant link in social relations.
Hystrix in Greek
Authors: Witczak Krzysztof Tomasz
Published: August 2019

Dictionaries of the Ancient Greek language distinguish only two or three different meanings of the Greek word ὕστριξ. The present author analyses all the contexts and glosses where the word in question appears. On the basis of his own analysis he assumes that dictionaries of Ancient Greek should contain as many as seven different semantems: I. ‘swine bristle’, II. ‘swine leather whip, the cat, used as an instrument of punishment’, III. ‘porcupine, Hystrix cristata L.’, IV. ‘hedgehog, Erinaceus europaeus L.’, V. ‘sea urchin’, VI. ‘badger, Meles meles L.’; VII. ‘an unclearly defined animal’.
The Testament Donation of Knyaz Fedor Sanguszko for the Monastery of St. Paul of Xeropotamou on the Holy Mount Athos (9th November 1547)
Authors: Baczyński Bogusław Andrzej , Baczyńska Małgorzata , Zytka Michał
Published: August 2019

-
Physiological Traits and Productivity of Wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) in Relation to Foliar Spray of Zinc, Urea, and Thiourea under Rainfed Condition
Authors: Verma CB
Published: August 2019

Combined foliar application of ZnSO4 (0.5%) +urea (2%) + thiourea (500 ppm) twice at 45 and 65 days after sowing (DAS) under rainfed condition on widely evaluated two wheat varieties resulted in significantly higher plant height (cm), leaf area (cm2 ), number of tillers, dry matter accumulation, chlorophyll content In leaf, yield and its component over water sprayed control as well as treatments. Among wheat varieties, K-9351 was found more responsive as it yielded (38.5 q/ha) then K-8027 (33.1 q/ha).
Computer-aided Stress Analysis of a Model of Tractor Mounted Auger Drill
Authors: Beyaz Abdullah , Gerdan Dilara
Published: August 2019

AAuger drilling, which is a digging method that a large helical drilling part gets out the soil from the earth. Different types of auger drillers are available today, and they are widely used in agricultural works. In this study, an 300 mm diameter auger drill was modeled, for agricultural works, and it was analyzed efficiently in Autodesk Inventor software with the help of Nastran in computer-aided design (CAD) module. According to the analysis, Von Misses stress analysis result was found as maximum 2266 MPa and minimum 0 MPa. Also, Safety Factor analysis result was found as maximum 15 uL and minimum 0.11 uL.
Reproductive Performance of Japanese Quail Hens (Coturnixcoturnix japonica) Fed with Feed Restriction Regimes during Growth Period
Authors: Hertamawati R  T , . Suyadi , Soedjarwo E , Sjofjan O
Published: August 2019

Reproductive performance of quail hens (Coturnixcoturnix japonica) at sexual maturity was evaluated following two feeding restriction programs (100%, 90% and 80% of ad libitum) and energy metabolism (EM) of ration: 2900 Kcal/kg and 2800 Kcal/kg) between 2 weeks and 5 weeks of age with five replicates of 10 chicks per replicate. Body weight and feed conversion were measured weekly during feed restriction. After experimental feeding treatment, age at first egg, BW, egg weight, development of reproductive organ on sexual maturity were evaluated of one hen’s quail per treatment. The results of the experiment indicated that the restricted feeding until 80% of ad libitum was consequently (p 0.01) delayed sexual maturity and influence the development of the reproductive organ. However, it did not show significant influence on the body weight of the first-laid egg and initial egg production. Restricted feeding at 90% of ad libitum and EM ration 2900 Kcal/kg showed the best results for quail feed management during growth.
Design and Development of Temperature and Humidity Monitoring System
Authors: Sonawane R N , Ghule A S , Bowlekar A P , Zakane A H
Published: August 2019

The temperature and humidity monitoring system was developed using various components viz., Arduino Uno, DHT11 sensor, universal serial bus (USB) type B cable, adaptor, DC power jack, 9-V battery connector, 9-V DC battery, resistor, liquid-crystal display (LCD) screen, trimmer potentiometer, light-emitting diode (LED) bulbs, jumper wires, micro secure digital (SD) card module, printed circuit board (PCB), etc. The field testing of the developed temperature and humidity monitoring system was carried out at various locations of the college campus. It was observed that the system worked between the percent variation of 0–8.00% for temperature and 0–5.97% for humidity. The developed system showed the accuracy of ±2°C for temperature and ±4% for humidity. The total cost incurred for the development of temperature and humidity monitoring system along with all accessories was ₹1625.
Response of Soybean [Glycine max (L.)Merrill] to Irrigation at Different Growth Stages
Authors: Jaybhay S A , Varghese Philips , Jaybhay S P , Idhol B D , Waghmare B N , Salunkhe D H
Published: August 2019

A field experiment was carried out in rainy seasons of 2009, 2010 and 2011 to study the effect of irrigation schedules on yield, water use efficiency and other traits in soybean. Seven irrigation schedules consisted of irrigations at seedling stage (15–20 days after sowing), flower initiation stage, seed filling stage (20 days after flower initiation) and four different combinations of these 3 stages. Irrigation at flower initiation + seed filling stages produced the highest seed yield (3221 kg/ha). Maximum average values for seed index (14.59 g) and harvest index (50.87%) were recorded in this treatment. This treatment also recorded maximum net returns (₹ 44028/ha) followed by irrigation at seedling + flower initiation + seed initiation stages (₹ 42046/ha) and flower initiation stage (₹ 41880/ha). Control (no irrigation) had maximum water use efficiency (84.85 kg/ha/cm) followed by irrigation at flower initiation stage (83.30 kg/ha/cm). Studies indicated that irrigation to the soybean crop at flower initiation and seed filling stages helps to obtain the optimum yield and earn maximum net returns.
Organoleptic Evaluation of Product Developed from Pomegranate Flower for Liver Disease
Authors: Singh Pratima , Sharma Mahak
Published: August 2019

Pomegranate biologically known as Punica Granatum L. It is grown throughout dry Mediterranean regions like hot, dry summers. It is a small shrub in which flowering occurs on 1-year-old spurs or short branches appearing as solitary, pairs, or clusters. It shows the antioxidative property, anti-inflammatory property and hepatoprotective property due to the presence of two anthocyanins- pelargonidin 3, 5-diglucoside and pelargonidin 3-glucoside in its purified form. The study was conducted to develop a value-added product from dry pomegranate flower powder for liver disease patients. It involves procurement of flowers from Delhi, NCR and dried at room temperature to convert them into dry powder. The product, shrikhand was developed in different concentrations, i.e., 12.5 g, 18 g, 25 g of pomegranate flower powder. Sensory evaluation was done using a composite scale and the data was statistically analyzed by using Statistical package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. It revealed that the product with a concentration of 12.5 g of pomegranate powder was highly acceptable in all parameters -color, taste, texture, aroma, an appearance by composite scale. The shelf life of the product developed with 12.5g of pomegranate flower powder was done.