bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanical deconditioning of the heart due to long-term bed rest as observed on seismocardiogram morphology
Authors: Hoffmann Bradley , Dehkordi Parastoo , Khosrow-Khavar Farzad , Goswami Nandu , Blaber Andrew P. , Tavakolian Kouhyar
Published: July 2022

During head-down tilt bed rest (HDT) the cardiovascular system is subject to headward fluid shifts. The fluid shift phenomenon is analogous to weightlessness experienced during spaceflight microgravity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of prolonged 60-day bed rest on the mechanical performance of the heart using the morphology of seismocardiography (SCG). Three-lead electrocardiogram (ECG), SCG and blood pressure recordings were collected simultaneously from 20 males in a 60-day HDT study (MEDES, Toulouse, France). The study was divided into two campaigns of ten participants. The first commenced in January, and the second in September. Signals were recorded in the supine position during the baseline data collection (BDC) before bed rest, during 6° HDT bed rest and during recovery (R), post-bed rest. Using SCG and blood pressure at the finger, the following were determined: Pulse Transit Time (PTT); and left-ventricular ejection time (LVET). SCG morphology was analyzed using functional data analysis (FDA). The coefficients of the model were estimated over 20 cycles of SCG recordings of BDC12 and HDT52. SCG fiducial morphology AO (aortic valve opening) and AC (aortic valve closing) amplitudes showed significant decrease between BDC12 and HDT52 (p < 0.03). PTT and LVET were also found to decrease through HDT bed rest (p < 0.01). Furthermore, PTT and LVET magnitude of response to bed rest was found to be different between campaigns (p < 0.001) possibly due to seasonal effects on of the cardiovascular system. Correlations between FDA and cardiac timing intervals PTT and LVET using SCG suggests decreases in mechanical strength of the heart and increased arterial stiffness due to fluid shifts associated with the prolonged bed rest.
Utilizing novel TBI-on-a-chip device to link physical impacts to neurodegeneration and decipher primary and secondary injury mechanisms
Authors: Rogers Edmond A. , Beauclair Timothy , Thyen Andrew , Shi Riyi
Published: July 2022

While clinical observations have confirmed a link between the development of neurodegenerative diseases and traumatic brain injuries (TBI), there are currently no treatments available and the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In response, we have developed an in vitro pendulum trauma model capable of imparting rapid acceleration injuries to neuronal networks grown on microelectrode arrays within a clinically relevant range of g forces, with real-time electrophysiological and morphological monitoring. By coupling a primary physical insult with the quantification of post-impact levels of known biochemical pathological markers, we demonstrate the capability of our system to delineate and investigate the primary and secondary injury mechanisms leading to post-impact neurodegeneration. Specifically, impact experiments reveal significant, force-dependent increases in the pro-inflammatory, oxidative stress marker acrolein at 24 h post-impact. The elevation of acrolein was augmented by escalating g force exposures (30–200 g), increasing the number of rapidly repeated impacts (4–6 s interval, 3, 5 and 10×), and by exposing impacted cells to 40 mM ethanol, a known comorbidity of TBI. The elevated levels of acrolein following multiple impacts could be reduced by increasing time-intervals between repeated hits. In addition, we show that conditioned media from maximally-impacted cultures can cause cellular acrolein elevation when introduced to non-impact, control networks, further solidifying acrolein’s role as a diffusive-factor in post-TBI secondary injuries. Finally, morphological data reveals post-impact acrolein generation to be primarily confined to soma, with some emergence in cellular processes. In conclusion, this novel technology provides accurate, physical insults with a unique level of structural and temporal resolution, facilitating the investigation of post-TBI neurodegeneration.
Prediction of the potential distribution of the predatory mite Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) in China under current and future climate scenarios
Authors: Chen Lin , Jiang Chunxian , Zhang Xueyan , Song Cancan , Wang Rulin , Wang Xian , Li Qing
Published: July 2022

Neoseiulus californicus is a predatory mite with a wide global distribution that can effectively control a variety of pest mites. In this study, MaxEnt was used to analyse the potential distribution of N. californicus in China and the BCC-CSM2-MR model was used to predict changes in the suitable areas for the mite from 2021 to 2100 under the scenarios of SSP126, SSP245 and SSP585. The results showed that (1) the average of area under curve value of the model was over 0.95, which demonstrated an excellent model accuracy. (2) Annual mean temperature (Bio1), precipitation of coldest quarter (Bio19), and precipitation of driest quarter (Bio17) were the main climatic variables that affected and controlled the potential distribution of N. californicus, with suitable ranges of 6.97–23.27 °C, 71.36–3924.8 mm, and 41.94–585.08 mm, respectively. (3) The suitable areas for N. californicus were mainly distributed in the southern half of China, with a total suitable area of 226.22 × 104 km2 in current. Under the future climate scenario, compared with the current scenario, lowly and moderately suitable areas of N. californicus increased, while highly suitable areas decreased. Therefore, it may be necessary to cultivate high-temperature resistant strains of N. californicus to adapt to future environmental changes.
Combined whole-lesion radiomic and iodine analysis for differentiation of pulmonary tumors
Authors: Azour Lea , Ko Jane P. , O’Donnell Thomas , Patel Nihal , Bhattacharji Priya , Moore William H.
Published: July 2022

Quantitative radiomic and iodine imaging features have been explored for diagnosis and characterization of tumors. In this work, we invistigate combined whole-lesion radiomic and iodine analysis for the differentiation of pulmonary tumors on contrast-enhanced dual-energy CT (DECT) chest images. 100 biopsy-proven solid lung lesions on contrast-enhanced DECT chest exams within 3 months of histopathologic sampling were identified. Lesions were volumetrically segmented using open-source software. Lesion segmentations and iodine density volumes were loaded into a radiomics prototype for quantitative analysis. Univariate analysis was performed to determine differences in volumetric iodine concentration (mean, median, maximum, minimum, 10th percentile, 90th percentile) and first and higher order radiomic features (n = 1212) between pulmonary tumors. Analyses were performed using a 2-sample t test, and filtered for false discoveries using Benjamini–Hochberg method. 100 individuals (mean age 65 ± 13 years; 59 women) with 64 primary and 36 metastatic lung lesions were included. Only one iodine concentration parameter, absolute minimum iodine, significantly differed between primary and metastatic pulmonary tumors (FDR-adjusted p = 0.015, AUC 0.69). 310 (FDR-adjusted p = 0.0008 to p = 0.0491) radiomic features differed between primary and metastatic lung tumors. Of these, 21 features achieved AUC ≥ 0.75. In subset analyses of lesions imaged by non-CTPA protocol (n = 72), 191 features significantly differed between primary and metastatic tumors, 19 of which achieved AUC ≥ 0.75. In subset analysis of tumors without history of prior treatment (n = 59), 40 features significantly differed between primary and metastatic tumors, 11 of which achieved AUC ≥ 0.75. Volumetric radiomic analysis provides differentiating capability beyond iodine quantification. While a high number of radiomic features differentiated primary versus metastatic pulmonary tumors, fewer features demonstrated good individual discriminatory utility.
Quantifying the heritability of belief formation
Authors: Vellani Valentina , Garrett Neil , Gaule Anne , Patil Kaustubh R. , Sharot Tali
Published: July 2022

Individual differences in behaviour, traits and mental-health are partially heritable. Traditionally, studies have focused on quantifying the heritability of high-order characteristics, such as happiness or education attainment. Here, we quantify the degree of heritability of lower-level mental processes that likely contribute to complex traits and behaviour. In particular, we quantify the degree of heritability of cognitive and affective factors that contribute to the generation of beliefs about risk, which drive behavior in domains ranging from finance to health. Monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs completed a belief formation task. We first show that beliefs about risk are associated with vividness of imagination, affective evaluation and learning abilities. We then demonstrate that the genetic contribution to individual differences in these processes range between 13.5 and 39%, with affect evaluation showing a particular robust heritability component. These results provide clues to which mental factors may be driving the heritability component of beliefs formation, which in turn contribute to the heritability of complex traits.
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy improves neurocognitive functions and symptoms of post-COVID condition: randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zilberman-Itskovich Shani , Catalogna Merav , Sasson Efrat , Elman-Shina Karin , Hadanny Amir , Lang Erez , Finci Shachar , Polak Nir , Fishlev Gregory , Korin Calanit , Shorer Ran , Parag Yoav , Sova Marina , Efrati Shai
Published: July 2022

Post-COVID-19 condition refers to a range of persisting physical, neurocognitive, and neuropsychological symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection. The mechanism can be related to brain tissue pathology caused by virus invasion or indirectly by neuroinflammation and hypercoagulability. This randomized, sham-control, double blind trial evaluated the effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT or HBO2 therapy) on post-COVID-19 patients with ongoing symptoms for at least 3 months after confirmed infection. Seventy-three patients were randomized to receive daily 40 session of HBOT (n = 37) or sham (n = 36). Follow-up assessments were performed at baseline and 1–3 weeks after the last treatment session. Following HBOT, there was a significant group-by-time interaction in global cognitive function, attention and executive function (d = 0.495, p = 0.038; d = 0.477, p = 0.04 and d = 0.463, p = 0.05 respectively). Significant improvement was also demonstrated in the energy domain (d = 0.522, p = 0.029), sleep (d = − 0.48, p = 0.042), psychiatric symptoms (d = 0.636, p = 0.008), and pain interference (d = 0.737, p = 0.001). Clinical outcomes were associated with significant improvement in brain MRI perfusion and microstructural changes in the supramarginal gyrus, left supplementary motor area, right insula, left frontal precentral gyrus, right middle frontal gyrus, and superior corona radiate. These results indicate that HBOT can induce neuroplasticity and improve cognitive, psychiatric, fatigue, sleep and pain symptoms of patients suffering from post-COVID-19 condition. HBOT’s beneficial effect may be attributed to increased brain perfusion and neuroplasticity in regions associated with cognitive and emotional roles.
Evolutionary ecology of Miocene hominoid primates in Southeast Asia
Authors: Habinger S. G. , Chavasseau O. , Jaeger J.-J. , Chaimanee Y. , Soe A. N. , Sein C. , Bocherens H.
Published: July 2022

The evolutionary history and palaeoecology of orangutans remains poorly understood until today. The restricted geographic distribution of extant Pongo indicates specific ecological needs. However, it is not clear whether these needs were shared by the great diversity of fossil pongines known from the Miocene to the Pleistocene. Here we show how niche modelling of stable carbon and oxygen isotope data of the carbonate fraction of dental enamel can be used to reconstruct the paleoecology of fossil and modern pongines and associated mammal communities. We focus on Khoratpithecus ayeyarwadyensis, a Late Miocene pongine from Myanmar and the sister clade to extant orangutans, and compare it to its associated mammal fauna and other fossil and extant pongines. The results are consistent with a vertical position high up in the canopy of a forested habitat with purely C3 vegetation for K. ayeyarwadyensis as well as the contemporaneous Sivapithecus. Although their positions in the modelled isotopic niche space look similar to the ecological niche occupied by modern Pongo, a comparison of the modelled niches within the pongine clade revealed possible differences in the use of microhabitats by the Miocene apes.
Photothermal effect of albumin-modified gold nanorods diminished neuroblastoma cancer stem cells dynamic growth by modulating autophagy
Authors: Shahabad Zahra Alizadeh , Avci Cigir Biray , Bani Farhad , Zarebkohan Amir , Sadeghizadeh Majid , Salehi Roya , Ghafarkhani Maryam , Rahbarghazi Reza , Bagca Bakiye Goker , Ozates Neslihan Pınar
Published: July 2022

Here, we investigated the photothermal effect of gold nanorods (GNRs) on human neuroblastoma CD133+ cancer stem cells (CSCs) via autophagic cell death. GNRs were synthesized using Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), covered with bovine serum albumin (BSA). CD133+ CSCs were enriched from human neuroblastoma using the magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) technique. Cells were incubated with GNRs coated with BSA and exposed to 808-nm near-infrared laser irradiation for 8 min to yield low (43 °C), medium (46 °C), and high (49 °C) temperatures. After 24 h, the survival rate and the percent of apoptotic and necrotic CSCs were measured using MTT assay and flow cytometry. The expression of different autophagy-related genes was measured using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array analysis. Protein levels of P62 and LC3 were detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The viability of CSC was reduced in GNR-exposed cells compared to the control group (p < 0.05). At higher temperatures (49 °C), the percent of apoptotic CSCs, but not necrotic cells, increased compared to the lower temperatures. Levels of intracellular LC3 and P62 were reduced and increased respectively when the temperature increased to 49 °C (p < 0.05). These effects were non-significant at low and medium temperatures (43 and 46 °C) related to the control CSCs (p > 0.05). The clonogenic capacity of CSC was also inhibited after photothermal therapy (p < 0.05). Despite these changes, no statistically significant differences were found in terms of CSC colony number at different temperatures regardless of the presence or absence of HCQ. Based on the data, the combination of photothermal therapy with HCQ at 49 °C can significantly abort the CSC clonogenic capacity compared to the control-matched group without HCQ (p < 0.0001). PCR array showed photothermal modulation of CSCs led to alteration of autophagy-related genes and promotion of co-regulator of apoptosis and autophagy signaling pathways. Factors related to autophagic vacuole formation and intracellular transport were significantly induced at a temperature of 49 °C (p < 0.05). We also note the expression of common genes belonging to autophagy and apoptosis signaling pathways at higher temperatures. Data showed tumoricidal effects of laser-irradiated GNRs by the alteration of autophagic response and apoptosis.
Role of birth order, gender, and region in educational attainment in Pakistan
Authors: Raza Syed Hassan , Shah Zulfiqar Ali , Haq Wajiha
Published: July 2022

We studied the effects of birth order and socioeconomic factors on educational attainment in Pakistan. We examined this relationship by using PSLM/HIES 2018–19 which is nationally representative household survey data. We found striking evidence that being born first as a male child is positively and significantly associated with educational attainment. Whereas in our girls' sample we found that being born first is significantly and negatively associated with educational attainment, and this effect does not persist for second-born female children if the firstborn is a male child. Such a difference in our estimates led us to investigate further the cohort and rural–urban dimensions. We concluded that urban areas in Pakistan are primarily responsible for resource rationing in favor of male children for younger cohorts. Therefore, the study recommends the targeted policy intervention to remove such differentials based on gender when it comes to the educational attainment of a child.
Sit to stand muscle power reference values and their association with adverse events in Colombian older adults
Authors: Ramírez-Vélez Robinson , Izquierdo Mikel , García-Hermoso Antonio , Ordoñez-Mora Leidy T. , Cano-Gutierrez Carlos , Campo-Lucumí Florelba , Pérez-Sousa Miguel Ángel
Published: July 2022

Recently, a valid method to assess lower-body muscle power based on a sit-to-stand field test (STS) has been published. Our study aimed to describe lower-body muscle power in older individuals aged ≥ 60 years and examine the relationship of muscle weakness with adverse events according to gender- and age-specific muscle weakness cut-off points. A total of 3689 Colombian older adults (57.6% women, age 69.1 ± 6.9 years) from the 2015 Survey on Health, Well-Being, and Aging in Latin America and the Caribbean (SABE) participated in this study. Lower-body muscle power normalized to body mass was estimated by the five-repetitions STS test. Anthropometric, physical performance and clinical characteristics were collected. Age-specific percentiles using the LMS method, cut-off points and association with adverse events were calculated. Lower-body muscle power was greater in men than among women (2.2 ± 0.7 vs. 1.6 ± 0.5 W·kg−1, respectively; p < 0.001) at all ages. Muscle power ranked in the 50th percentile between 2.38 and 1.30 W·kg−1 in men, whereas women ranked between 1.79 and 1.21 W·kg−1. According to the cut-off points, lower-limb muscle power < 1 standard deviation  in men was associated with having dynapenia, poor gait speed, cognitive impairment and mental, visual, hearing and memory problems. While, women were associated with having sarcopenia, dynapenia, poor gait speed, cognitive impairment, mental, hearing and memory problems, dementia and hospitalizations of > 24 h in the last year. Overall, participants with poor lower-limb muscle power had a significantly higher risk of adverse events [in men: odds ratio (OR) = 1.51, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.19–1.91, p < 0.001; in women: OR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.27–1.87, p = 0.001] than their stronger counterparts. This study is the first to describe lower-limb muscle power values and cut-off points among a nationally representative sample of Colombian older adults. In men, 7 of the 14 adverse events studied were associated with lower muscle strength, whereas in women, it was 9 of the 14 adverse events.
Purification, characterization, and preliminary serial crystallography diffraction advances structure determination of full-length human particulate guanylyl cyclase A receptor
Authors: Zhang Shangji , Hansen Debra T. , Martin-Garcia Jose M. , Zook James D. , Pan Shuchong , Craciunescu Felicia M. , Burnett John C. , Fromme Petra
Published: July 2022

Particulate Guanylyl Cyclase Receptor A (pGC-A) is a natriuretic peptide membrane receptor, playing a vital role in controlling cardiovascular, renal, and endocrine functions. The extracellular domain interacts with natriuretic peptides and triggers the intracellular guanylyl cyclase domain to convert GTP to cGMP. To effectively develop methods to regulate pGC-A, structural information on the full-length form is needed. However, structural data on the transmembrane and intracellular domains are lacking. This work presents expression and optimization using baculovirus, along with the first purification of functional full-length human pGC-A. In vitro assays revealed the pGC-A tetramer was functional in detergent micelle solution. Based on our purification results and previous findings that dimer formation is required for functionality, we propose a tetramer complex model with two functional subunits. Previous research suggested pGC-A signal transduction is an ATP-dependent, two-step mechanism. Our results show the binding ligand also moderately activates pGC-A, and ATP is not crucial for activation of guanylyl cyclase. Furthermore, crystallization of full-length pGC-A was achieved, toward determination of its structure. Needle-shaped crystals with 3 Å diffraction were observed by serial crystallography. This work paves the road for determination of the full-length pGC-A structure and provides new information on the signal transduction mechanism.
Effects of virtual hands and feet on the onset time and duration of illusory body ownership
Authors: Kondo Ryota , Sugimoto Maki
Published: July 2022

In the illusory body ownership, humans feel as if a rubber hand or an avatar in a virtual environment is their own body through visual-tactile synchronization or visual-motor synchronization. Despite the onset time and duration of illusory body ownership has been investigated, it is not clear how the onset time and duration change when a part of the body is missing from the full-body. In this study, we investigated the completeness of the full-body for the illusion onset and duration by comparing the following conditions: complete avatar, avatar missing hands and feet, and avatar with hands and feet only. Our results suggest that avatar hands and feet only shorten the duration of the illusion, and missing body parts, such as only hands and feet or no hands and feet, reduce the sense of body ownership and of agency. However, the effects of avatar completeness on the onset time are unclear, and no conclusions can be made in either direction based on the current findings.
Monitoring of Campylobacter jejuni in a chicken infection model by measuring specific volatile organic compounds and by qPCR
Authors: Hankel Julia , Gibson Timothy , Skov Julia , Andersen Karsten Brandt , Dargatz Michelle , Kappel Andreas , Thiemann Frank , Curtis Ben , Chuppava Bussarakam , Visscher Christian
Published: July 2022

Campylobacter is one of the leading bacterial foodborne pathogens worldwide. Poultry is the host species with this pathogen with the highest clinical impact. Flocks become colonised with Campylobacter, which leads to contamination of product entering the food-chain. Rapid and reliable Campylobacter detection methods could support controls to minimize the risks of contamination within the food-chain, which would easier enable the implementation of a logistical slaughter schedule or other control options. The present study evaluates current and emerging C. jejuni detection technologies on air samples in a unique study set-up of pre-defined C. jejuni prevalences. Both non-invasive detection technologies on air samples by subsequent measuring of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) or by qPCR detected the C. jejuni presence and could additionally distinguish between the number of present C. jejuni-positive birds in the study set-up. Nevertheless, electrostatic air samplers diagnosed fewer birds as C. jejuni-positive compared to the cultivation-based method. By measuring the VOCs, it was possible to detect the presence of two positive birds in the room. This apparent high sensitivity still needs to be verified in field studies. Techniques, such as these promising methods, that can facilitate C. jejuni surveillance in poultry flocks are desirable to reduce the risk of infection for humans.
Treadmill locomotion in the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) produces dynamic changes in intracranial cerebrospinal fluid pressure
Authors: Young Bruce A. , Cramberg Michael J.
Published: July 2022

To examine the influence of movement on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics, intracranial subdural pressure recordings were taken from sub-adult alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) locomoting on a treadmill. Pressure recordings documenting the cardiac, ventilatory, and barostatic influences on the CSF were in good agreement with previous studies. During locomotion the CSF exhibits sinusoidal patterns of pressure change that spanned a mean amplitude of 56 mm Hg, some 16 × the amplitude of the cardiac-linked pulsations. These sinusoidal CSF pulsations were closely linked to the locomotor kinematics, particularly the lateral oscillations of the alligator’s head. Data recorded from the freely moving alligators suggest that fluid inertia, body cavity pressures, and likely other factors all influence the CSF pressure. The clear relationship between movement and CSF pressure described in this study suggests that the paucity of studies examining human CSF dynamics during movement should be addressed.
Multi-omics profiling of collagen-induced arthritis mouse model reveals early metabolic dysregulation via SIRT1 axis
Authors: Li Lingzi , Freitag Janina , Asbrand Christian , Munteanu Bogdan , Wang Bei-Tzu , Zezina Ekaterina , Didier Michel , Thill Gilbert , Rocher Corinne , Herrmann Matthias , Biesemann Nadine
Published: July 2022

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by joint infiltration of immune cells and synovial inflammation which leads to progressive disability. Current treatments improve the disease outcome, but the unmet medical need is still high. New discoveries over the last decade have revealed the major impact of cellular metabolism on immune cell functions. So far, a comprehensive understanding of metabolic changes during disease development, especially in the diseased microenvironment, is still limited. Therefore, we studied the longitudinal metabolic changes during the development of murine arthritis by integrating metabolomics and transcriptomics data. We identified an early change in macrophage pathways which was accompanied by oxidative stress, a drop in NAD+ level and induction of glucose transporters. We discovered inhibition of SIRT1, a NAD-dependent histone deacetylase and confirmed its dysregulation in human macrophages and synovial tissues of RA patients. Mining this database should enable the discovery of novel metabolic targets and therapy opportunities in RA.
Analysis of entropy production in a bi-convective magnetized and radiative hybrid nanofluid flow using temperature-sensitive base fluid (water) properties
Authors: Barman Tapas , Roy S. , Chamkha Ali J.
Published: July 2022

The heat transport characteristics, flow features, and entropy-production of bi-convection buoyancy induced, radiation-assisted hydro-magnetic hybrid nanofluid flow with thermal sink/source effects are inspected in this study. The physical characteristics of hybrid nanofluids (water-hosted) are inherited from the base liquid (water) and none has considered the physical characteristics of base liquid (water) in the study of temperature-sensorial hybrid nanofluid investigations, though the water physical characteristics are not constants in temperature variations. So, the temperature-sensorial attributes of base liquid (water) are taken into account for this hybrid nanofluid ($$Cu+{Al}_{2}{O}_{3}+\text{water}$$

C
u
+

Al

2

O
3

+
water

) flow analysis. The mathematical forms of the flow configuration (i.e., the set of coupled, nonlinear PDE form of governing equations) are solved by utilizing the subsequent tasks: (i) congenial transformation; (ii) quasilinearization; (iii) methods of finite differences to form block matrix system, and (iv) Varga’s iterative algorithm. The preciseness of the whole numerical procedure is ensured by restricting the computation to follow strict convergence conditions. Finally, the numerically extracted results representing the impacts of various salient parameters on different profiles ($$F, G, H$$

F
,
G
,
H

), gradients, and entropy production are exhibited in physical figures for better perception. A few noticeable results are highlighted as: velocity graph shows contrast behaviour under assisting and opposing buoyancy; temperature ($$G(\xi ,\eta )$$

G
(
ξ
,
η
)

) is dropping for heightening heat source ($$Q$$
Q
) surface friction remarkably declines with the outlying magnetic field ($$St$$

St

); thermal transport confronts drastic abatement under radiation ($${R}_{1}$$

R
1

), and $$St$$

St

; the characteristics Reynolds and Brinkman numbers promote entropy. Furthermore, the bounding surface acts as a strong source of $${S}_{G}$$

S
G

-production. Summarizations are listed at the end to quantify percentage variations.
A machine learning model for predicting surgical intervention in renal colic due to ureteral stone(s) < 5 mm
Authors: Haifler Miki , Kleinmann Nir , Haramaty Rennen , Zilberman Dorit E.
Published: July 2022

A 75–89% expulsion rate is reported for ureteric stones ≤ 5 mm. We explored which parameters predict justified surgical intervention in cases of pain caused by < 5 mm ureteral stones. We retrospectively reviewed all patients with renal colic caused by ureteral stone < 5 mm admitted to our urology department between 2016 and 2021. Data on age, sex, body mass index, the presence of associated hydronephrosis/stranding on images, ureteral side, stone location, medical history, serum blood count, creatinine, C-reactive protein, and vital signs were obtained upon admission. XGboost (XG), a machine learning model has been implemented to predict the need for intervention. A total of 471 patients (median age 49, 83% males) were reviewed. 74% of the stones were located in the distal ureter. 160 (34%) patients who sustained persistent pain underwent surgical intervention. The operated patients had proximal stone location (56% vs. 10%,p < 0.001) larger stones (4 mm vs. 3 mm,p < 0.001), longer length of stay (3.5 vs. 3 days,p < 0.001) and more emergency-room (ER) visits prior to index admission (2 vs. 1,p = 0.007) compared to those who had no surgical intervention. The model accuracy was 0.8. Larger stone size and proximal location were the most important features in predicting the need for intervention. Altogether with pulse and ER visits, they contributed 73% of the final prediction for each patient. Although a high expulsion rate is expected for ureteral stones < 5 mm, some may be painful and drawn out in spontaneous passage. Decision-making for surgical intervention can be facilitated by the use of the present prediction model.
Author Correction: Ecological and historical factors behind the spatial structure of the historical field patterns in the Czech Republic
Authors: Fanta Václav , Beneš Jaromír , Zouhar Jan , Rakava Volha , Šitnerová Ivana , Janečková Molnárová Kristina , Šmejda Ladislav , Sklenicka Petr
Published: July 2022

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Development of a polyacrylamide/chitosan composite hydrogel conduit containing synergistic cues of elasticity and topographies for promoting peripheral nerve regeneration
Authors: Liu Fang , Xu Jiawei , Liu Anning , Wu Linliang , Wang Dongzhi , Han Qi , Zheng Tiantian , Wang Feiran , Kong Yan , Li Guicai , Li Peng , Gu Shouyong , Yang Yumin
Published: July 2022

The polyacrylamide/chitosan composite hydrogel containing synergistic cues of elasticity and topographies was developed by in situ free radical polymerization and micromolding methods.
A self-adjuvanting anti-tumor nanoliposomal vaccine based on fluorine-substituted MUC1 glycopeptide
Authors: Dong Peijie , Cheng Suying , Wang Yudie , Gao Hang , Zhang Yongmin , Zhu Tao , Yu Peng , Meng Xin
Published: July 2022

Both the tumor-associated antigen and the mode of its presentation affect the immune response for antitumor vaccines.
Facile synthesis of rare earth-doped CeF3 two-dimensional nanosheets and their application in ratiometric luminescence temperature sensing
Authors: An Ran , Liang Yuan , Du Pengye , Lei Pengpeng , Zhang Hongjie
Published: July 2022

Rare earth-doped CeF3 two-dimensional nanosheets have been successfully synthesized and their potential application as a ratiometric luminescent thermometer.
A DFT study of the second-order nonlinear optical properties of Ru(ii) polypyridine complexes
Authors: Chen Yu , Zhang Yuan , Shen Yang , Zhao Yuanyuan , Qiu Yong-Qing
Published: July 2022

It is important to search for efficient nonlinear optical (NLO) materials due to their potential applications in electro-optic devices.
Accurate extrinsic and intrinsic peak broadening modelling for time-resolved in situ ball milling reactions via synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction
Authors: Mazzeo Paolo P. , Lampronti Giulio I. , Michalchuk Adam A. L. , Belenguer Ana M. , Bacchi Alessia , Emmerling Franziska
Published: July 2022

A state-of-the-art Rietveld refinement strategy is proposed to derive the instrumental resolution function (IRF) for a ball-mill setup for time-resolved in situ (TRIS) synchrotron XRPD.
Mechanochemical synthesis of (4S)-N-alkyl-4,5-bis-sulfooxypentanamideviaa one-pot sequential aminolysis-sulfation reaction of (S)-γ-hydroxymethyl-γ-butyrolactone (2H-HBO)
Authors: Herrlé Chloé , Toumieux Sylvestre , Araujo Maryne , Peru Aurélien , Allais Florent , Wadouachi Anne
Published: July 2022

The bio-based platform (S)-γ-hydroxymethyl-γ-butyrolactone, whose sustainable kiloscale-synthesis from cellulose-derived levoglucosenone has been validated, is valorized into new potential bio-based surfactants mechano-synthesized in solventless conditions.
Selective C3-nitrosation of imidazopyridines using AgNO3 as the NO source
Authors: Kudale Vishal Suresh , Chu Ching-Piao , Wang Jeh-Jeng
Published: July 2022

We developed a novel method for selective radical nitrosation of imidazo[1, 2-a]pyridine derivatives using AgNO3 as a NO source.
AgPt/MoS2 hybrid as electrochemical sensor for detecting H2O2 release from living cells
Authors: Zhu Xiaona , Wang Zegao , Gao Mingyan , Wang Yuqing , Hu Jing , Song Zhengxun , Wang Zuobin , Dong Mingdong
Published: July 2022

A novel non-enzymatic H2O2 biosensor based on a AgPt/MoS2 nanohybrid exhibits high sensitivity and selectivity.
Don’t dust off the dust! – A facile synthesis of graphene quantum dots derived from indoor dust towards their cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity
Authors: Raju Liju , Jacob Megha Sara , Rajkumar Eswaran
Published: July 2022

This study presents a feasible and sustainable way for producing crystalline graphene quantum dots derived from indoor dust particles using a simple eco-friendly hydrothermal procedure.
Plasmonic photocatalysis in aqueous solution: assessing the contribution of thermal effects and evaluating the role of photogenerated ROS
Authors: Negrín-Montecelo Yoel , Brissaud Charlène , Piquemal Jean-Yves , Govorov Alexander O. , Correa-Duarte Miguel A. , Besteiro Lucas V. , Comesaña-Hermo Miguel
Published: July 2022

We tackle two important issues related to the use of plasmonic photocatalysts in water: the importance of thermal effects in the modulation of chemical reactivity and the role played by reactive oxygen species in photo-oxidation processes.
The role of Na+ in catalysis by the 8–17 DNAzyme
Authors: Parra-Meneses Virginia , Rojas-Hernández Francisca , Cepeda-Plaza Marjorie
Published: July 2022

Specific role of Na+ in the catalytic mechanism of the 8–17 DNAzyme with Pb2+.
Facile synthesis of eight-membered cyclic(ester-amide)s and their organocatalytic ring-opening polymerizations
Authors: Guo Yu-Ting , Xiong Wei , Shi Changxia , Du Fu-Sheng , Li Zi-Chen
Published: July 2022

Facile modular synthesis of eight-membered cyclic(ester-amide)s based on phthalic anhydride and β-amino alcohols and organocatalitic ROP of the monomers to afford degradable semi-aromatic poly(ester-amides)s with tunable thermal properties.
An excellent lead oxyiodide with a strong second-harmonic generation response and a large birefringence induced by the oriented arrangement of highly distorted [PbO4I2] polyhedra
Authors: Zhou Zi-Qi , Fu Rui-Biao , Tang Hong-Xin , Ma Zu-Ju , Wu Xin-Tao
Published: July 2022

K2I[PbI(OOCCH2COO)] featuring the strongest second-harmonic generation response among malonates, a large birefringence, a wide transparent window and good stability is induced by the oriented arrangement of highly distorted bifunctional [PbO4I2] polyhedra.
Asymmetric synthesis of polycyclic spiroindolines via the Dy-catalyzed cascade reaction of 3-(2-isocyanoethyl)indoles with aziridines
Authors: Dong Pei , Li Zhaojing , Liu Xiaohua , Dong Shunxi , Feng Xiaoming
Published: July 2022

An asymmetric cascade reaction catalyzed by a chiral N,N′-dioxide–Dy(iii) complex was realized to construct the valuable [6,5,5,6] tetracyclic spiroindolines with good yields and enantioselectivities by a concise and one-step protocol.
Collective motion of epithelial cells along a wrinkled 3D-buckled hydrogel
Authors: Shigeta Kazuyuki , Fukuyama Tatsuya , Takahashi Riku , Beppu Kazusa , Tanaka Aya , Maeda Yusuke T.
Published: July 2022

Collective motion of epithelial cell monolayer was studied on a 3D-buckled hydrogel mimicking a wrinkled epithelial surface. Emergent spatial correlation in velocity was found near the wrinkled gel boundary.
Rational synthesis of microporous carbons for enhanced post-combustion CO2 capture via non-hydroxide activation of air carbonised biomass
Authors: Altwala Afnan , Mokaya Robert
Published: July 2022

Rational combination of a mild activating agent (potassium oxalate) and air carbonised biomass, which is resistant to activation, yields highly microporous carbons with enhanced post-combustion CO2 uptake.
Defluoridation using hydroxyapatite implanted lanthanum organic framework-based bio-hybrid beads
Authors: Jeyaseelan Antonysamy , Aswin Kumar Ilango , Naushad Mu. , Viswanathan Natrayasamy
Published: July 2022

The present study reports on biopolymer based material namely HAp–La-BTC MOFs@Alg–CS hybrid beads were developed and it was potentially employed for fluoride removal.
Targeted intelligent mesoporous polydopamine nanosystems for multimodal synergistic tumor treatment
Authors: Yang Jiaxin , Zeng Weinan , Fu Xiaoxue , Chen Lu , Yu Xiaojuan , Xu Ping , Huang Wenyan , Leng Feng , Yu Chao , Yang Zhangyou
Published: July 2022

In this work, we obtained targeted smart mesoporous polydopamine delivery systems (PPMD@GA/si) for gene-mediated photochemotherapy of tumors through a combinatorial strategy.
Improving the comprehensive performance of strain flexible sensors by electron irradiation and temperature synergy
Authors: Yue Xiaoqing , Gao Jiuwei , Yang Jianqun , Liu Zhongli , Wang Xuewen , Dong Lei , Guan Enhao , Hou Shuhao , Liu Fengkai , Li Xingji
Published: July 2022

This synergistic modification method of electron irradiation and low temperature provides a new idea for obtaining flexible sensors with high comprehensive performance.
Facile synthesis of ultralight S-doped Co3O4 microflowers@reduced graphene oxide aerogels with defect and interface engineering for broadband electromagnetic wave absorption
Authors: Gao Hui , Chen Shougang , Wei Shuang , Li Wen , Zhang Mutian , Sun Ning
Published: July 2022

It was proposed for the first time that the defects located at the interface have more charge transfer to enhance interface polarization than those at the interior. The heterostructure adjusts the electromagnetic parameters to improve broadband absorption.
Highly bright carbon quantum dots for flexible anti-counterfeiting
Authors: Ren Shihuan , Liu Bingxu , Wang Maorong , Han Guangting , Zhao Haiguang , Zhang Yuanming
Published: July 2022

Carbon quantum dots (C-dots) were synthesized via a vacuum heating approach, which could provide over 100 g per batch with an ultrahigh quantum yield of ∼79%. The as-prepared C-dots was used as a security ink for textile anti-counterfeiting.
Impaired Categorical Perception of Speech Sounds Under the Backward Masking Condition in Adults Who Stutter
Authors: Shao Jing , Bakhtiar Mehdi , Zhang Caicai
Published: July 2022

Purpose:

Evidence increasingly indicates that people with developmental stuttering have auditory perception deficits. Our previous research has indicated similar but slower performance in categorical perception of the speech sounds under the quiet condition in children who stutter and adults who stutter (AWS) compared with their typically fluent counterparts. We hypothesized that the quiet condition may not be sufficiently sensitive to reveal subtle perceptual deficiencies in people who stutter. This study examined this hypothesis by testing the categorical perception of speech and nonspeech sounds under backward masking condition (i.e., a noise was presented immediately after the target stimuli).

Method:

Fifteen Cantonese-speaking AWS and 15 adults who do not stutter (AWNS) were tested on the categorical perception of four stimulus continua, namely, consonant varying in voice onset time (VOT), vowel, lexical tone, and nonspeech, under the backward masking condition using identification and discrimination tasks.

Results:

AWS demonstrated a broader boundary width than AWNS in the identification task. AWS also exhibited a worse performance than AWNS in the discrimination of between-category stimuli but a comparable performance in the discrimination of within-category stimuli, indicating reduced sensitivity to sounds that belonged to different phonemic categories among AWS. Moreover, AWS showed similar patterns of impaired categorical perception across the four stimulus types, although the boundary location on the VOT continuum occurred at an earlier point in AWS than in AWNS.

Conclusions:

The findings provide robust evidence that AWS exhibit impaired categorical perception of speech and nonspeech sounds under the backward masking condition. Temporal processing (i.e., VOT manipulation), frequency/spectral/formant processing (i.e., lexical tone or vowel manipulations), and nonlinguistic pitch processing were all found to be impaired in AWS. Altogether, the findings support the hypothesis that AWS might be less efficient in accessing the phonemic representations when exposed to a demanding listening condition.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.20249718
Dynamics of asteroid systems post-rotational fission
Authors: Ho Alex , Wold Margrethe , Poursina Mohammad , Conway John T.
Published: July 2022

Asteroid binaries found among the near-Earth objects are believed to have formed from rotational fission. In this paper, we study the dynamical evolution of asteroid systems the moment after fission. The model considers two bodies the moment after a contact binary separates due to rotational fission. Both bodies are modeled as ellipsoids, and the secondary is given an initial rotation angle about its body-fixed y-axis. Moreover, we consider six different cases, three where the density of the secondary varies and three where the shape of the secondary varies. The simulations consider 45 different initial tilt angles of the secondary, each with 37 different mass ratios. We start the dynamical simulations at the moment the contact binary reaches a spin fission limit, and our model ensures that the closest distance between the surfaces of the two bodies is always kept at 1 cm. The forces, torques, and gravitational potential between the two bodies are modeled using a newly developed surface integration scheme, giving exact results for two ellipsoids. We find that more than 80% of the simulations end with the two bodies impacting, and collisions between the bodies are more common when the density of the secondary is lower, or when it becomes more elongated. In comparison with observed data on asteroid pairs, we find that variations in density and shape of the secondary can account for some of the spread seen in the rotation period for observed pairs. Furthermore, the secondary may also reach a spin limit for surface disruption, creating a ternary or multiple system. We find that secondary fission typically occurs within the first five hours after the contact binary separates, and is more common when the secondary is less dense or more elongated.
Exploring the disk-jet connection in NGC 315
Authors: Ricci L. , Boccardi B. , Nokhrina E. , Perucho M. , MacDonald N. , Mattia G. , Grandi P. , Madika E. , Krichbaum T. P. , Zensus J. A.
Published: July 2022

Aims. Hot accretion flows are thought to be able to power the relativistic jets observed in active galactic nuclei. They can be presented as standard and normal evolution (SANE) disks or magnetically arrested disks (MAD) – two states that imply profound differences in the physical properties of the disks themselves and the outflows they produce.

Methods. We used a multifrequency and multiepoch data set to study the giant radio galaxy NGC 315, with the goal of exploring the properties of its accretion disk and sub-parsec jet. We analyzed the source maps with a pixel-based analysis and we used theoretical models to link the observational properties of the jet to the physical state of the accretion disk.

Results. We propose that the bulk flow in NGC 315 accelerates on sub-pc scales, concurrently with the parabolic expansion. We show that this fast acceleration can be theoretically reconciled with a magnetically driven acceleration. Along the acceleration and collimation zone, we observe an unexpected spectral behavior, with very steep spectral index values α ∼ −1.5 (Sν ∝ να) between 22 GHz and 43 GHz. Based on the properties of this region, we predict the black hole of NGC 315 to be rotating fast and the magnetic flux threading the accretion disk to be in excellent agreement with that expected in the case of a MAD. Using a new formalism based on the core shift effect, we modeled the magnetic field downstream a quasi-parabolic accelerating jet and we reconstructed it up to the event horizon radius. In the MAD scenario, we compared it with the expected magnetic saturation strengths in the disk, finding a good agreement.
Probing the innermost region of the AU Microscopii debris disc
Authors: Gallenne A. , Desgrange C. , Milli J. , Sanchez-Bermudez J. , Chauvin G. , Kraus S. , Girard J. H. , Boccaletti A.
Published: July 2022

Context. AU Mic is a young and nearby M-dwarf star harbouring a circumstellar debris disc and one recently discovered planet on an eight-day orbit. Large-scale structures within the disc were also discovered and are moving outwards at high velocity.

Aims. We aim to study this system with the highest spatial resolution in order to probe the innermost regions and to search for additional low-mass companions or set detection limits.

Methods. The star was observed with two different high-angular resolution techniques probing complementary spatial scales. We obtained new Ks-band sparse aperture masking observations with VLT/SPHERE, which we combined with data from VLT/NACO, VLTI/PIONIER and VLTI/GRAVITY.

Results. We did not detect additional close companions within the separation range 0.02–7 au from the parent star. We determined magnitude upper limits for companions of H ~ 9.8 mag within 0.02-0.5 au, Ks ~ 11.2 mag within 0.4–2.4 au, and L ~ 10.7 mag within 0.7–7 au. Using theoretical isochrones, we converted these magnitudes into upper limits on the mass of ~17 Mjup, ~12 Mjup, and ~9 Mjup, respectively. The PIONIER observations also allowed us to determine the angular diameter of AU Mic, θLD = 0.825 ± 0.033stat ± 0.038sys mas, which converts to a linear radius R = 0.862 ± 0.052 R⊙ when combined with the Gaia parallax.

Conclusions. We did not detect the newly discovered planets orbiting AU Mic (M < 0.2 Mjup), but we derived upper limit masses for the innermost region of AU Mic. We do not have any detection with a significance beyond 3σ, the most significant signal with PIONIER being 2.9σ and that with SPHERE being 1.6σ. We applied the pyMESS2 code to estimate the detection probability of companions by combining radial velocities, multi-band SPHERE imaging, and our interferometric detection maps. We show that 99% of the companions down to ~0.5 Mjup can be detected within 0.02 au or 1 Mjup down to 0.2 au. The low-mass planets orbiting at ≲0.11 au (≲11 mas) from the star will not be directly detectable with the current adaptive optics (AO) and interferometric instruments because of its close orbit and very high contrast (~10−10 K). It will also be below the angular resolution and contrast limit of the next Extremely Large Telescope Infrared (ELT IR) imaging instruments.