Death following pulmonary complications of surgery before and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
Authors:   STARSurg Collaborative and COVIDSurg Collaborative, McLean K A , Kamarajah S K , Chaudhry D , Gujjuri R R , Raubenheimer K , Trout I , Al Ameer E , Creagh-Brown B , Harrison E M , Nepogodiev D , Roslani A C , Li E , Pata F , Ramos-De la Medina A , van Ramshorst G H , Sayyed R , Simoes J , Smart N , Bhangu A , Glasbey James C , Khaw R A , Ahmed W , Akhbari M , Baker D , Borakati A , Mills E , Murray V , Thavayogan R , Yasin I , Glasbey J , Ridley W , Sarrami M , Zhang G , Egoroff N , Pockney P , Richards T , Edwards M , Lee M , Pinkney T , Pearse R , Vohra R , Sohrabi C , Jamieson A , Nguyen M , Rahman A , English C , Tincknell L , Kakodkar P , Kwek I , Punjabi N , Burns J , Varghese S , Erotocritou M , McGuckin S , Vayalapra S , Dominguez E , Moneim J , Bhatia S , Kouli O , Salehi M , Tan H L , Yoong A , Zhu L , Seale B , Nowinka Z , Patel N , Chrisp B , Harris J , Maleyko I , Muneeb F , Gough M , James C E , Skan O , Chowdhury A , Rebuffa N , Khan H , Down B , Fatimah Hussain Q , Siaw-Acheampong K , Benson R A , Bywater E , Dawson B E , Evans J P , Heritage E , Jones C S , Khatri C , Keatley J M , Knight A , Lawday S , Mann H S , Marson E J , Mckay S C , Mills E C , Pellino G , Picciochi M , Taylor E H , Tiwari A , Simoes J F F , Trout I M , Venn M L , Wilkin R J W , Smart N J , Minaya-Bravo A , Gallo G , Moug S , Di Saverio S , Vallance A , Vimalchandran D , Griffiths E A , Evans R P T , Townend P , Roberts K , McKay S , Isaac J , Satoi S , Edwards J , Coonar A S , Marchbank A , Caruana E J , Layton G R , Patel A , Brunelli A , Ford S , Desai A , Gronchi A , Fiore M , Almond M , Tirotta F , Dumitra S , Kolias A , Price S J , Fountain D M , Jenkinson M D , Hutchinson P , Marcus H J , Piper R J , Lippa L , Servadei F , Esene I , Freyschlag C , Neville I , Rosseau G , Schaller K , Demetriades A K , Robertson F , Alamri A , Shaw R , Schache A G , Winter S C , Ho M , Nankivell P , Rey Biel J , Batstone M , Ganly I , Vidya R , Wilkins A , Singh J K , Thekinkattil D , Sundar S , Fotopoulou C , Leung E , Khan T , Chiva L , Sehouli J , Fagotti A , Cohen P , Gutelkin M , Ghebre R , Konney T , Pareja R , Bristow R , Dowdy S , Rajkumar S T S , Ng J , Fujiwara K , Stewart G D , Lamb B , Narahari K , McNeill A , Colquhoun A , McGrath J , Bromage S , Barod R , Kasivisvanathan V , Klatte T , Abbott T E F , Abukhalaf S , Adamina M , Ademuyiwa A O , Agarwal A , Akkulak M , Alameer E , Alderson D , Alakaloko F , Albertsmeiers M , Alser O , Alshaar M , Alshryda S , Arnaud A P , Magne Augestad K , Ayasra F , Azevedo J , Bankhead-Kendall B K , Barlow E , Beard D , Blanco-Colino R , Brar A , Breen K A , Bretherton C , Lima Buarque I , Burke J , Chaar M , Chakrabortee S , Christensen P , Cox D , Cukier M , Cunha M F , Davidson G H , Di Saverio S , Drake T M , Edwards J G , Elhadi M , Emile S , Farik S , Fitzgerald E J , Garmanova T , Ghosh D , Mendonça Ataíde Gomes G , Grecinos G , Gründl M , Halkias C , Hisham I , Hutchinson P J , Hwang S , Isik A , Jonker P , Kaafarani H M A , Keller D , Kruijff S , Lawani I , Lederhuber H , Leventoglu S , Litvin A , Loehrer A , Löffler M W , Aguilera Lorena M , Marta Modolo M , Major P , Martin J , Mashbari H N , Mazingi D , Metallidis S , Mohan H M , Moore R , Moszkowicz D , Ng-Kamstra J S , Maimbo M , Negoi I , Niquen M , Ntirenganya F , Olivos M , Oussama K , Outani O , Parreno-Sacdalanm M , Jose Perez Rivera C , Pinkney T D , van der Plas W , Qureshi A , Radenkovic D , Rutegård M , Segura-Sampedro J J , Santos I , Schache A , Schnitzbauer A A , Seyi-Olajide J O , Sharma N , Shu S , Soreide K , Spinelli A , Sund M , Tabiri S , Tsoulfas G , Vimalachandran D , Warren O J , Wedderburn D , Wright N , Allemand C , Boccalatte L , Figari M , Lamm M , Larrañaga J , Marchitelli C , Noll F , Odetto D , Perrotta M , Saadi J , Zamora L , Alurralde C , Caram E L , Eskinazi D , Mendoza J P , Usandivaras M , Badra R , Esteban A , García J S , García P M , Gerchunoff J I , Lucchini S M , NIgra M A , Vargas L , Hovhannisyan T , Stepanyan A , Gould T , Gourlay R , Griffiths B , Gananadha S , McLaren M , Cecire J , Joshi N , Salindera S , Sutherland A , Ahn J H , Charlton G , Chen S , Gauri N , Hayhurst R , Jang S , Jia F , Mulligan C , Yang W , Ye G , Zhang H , Ballal M , Gibson D , Hayne D , Moss J , Viswambaram P , Vo U G , Bennetts J , Bright T , Brooke-Smith M , Fong R , Gricks B , Lam Y H , Ong B S , Szpytma M , Watson D , Bagraith K , Caird S , Chan E , Dawson C , Ho D , Jeyarajan E , Jordan S , Lim A , Nolan G J , Oar A , Parker D , Puhalla H , Quennell A , Rutherford L , Von Papen M , Wullschleger M , Blatt A , Cope D , Fenton M , Gani J , Lott N , Shugg N , Elliott M , Phung D , Phan D , Townend D , Bong C , Gundara J , Frankel A , Bowman S , Guerra G R , Bolt J , Buddingh K , Dudi-Venkata N N , Jog S , Kroon H M , Sammour T , Smith R , Stranz C , Lah K , McGahan W , Mitchell D , Morton A , Pearce A , Roberts M , Sheahan G , Swinson B , Alam N , Banting S , Chong L , Choong P , Clatworthy S , Foley D , Fox A , Hii M W , Knowles B , Mack J , Read M , Rowcroft A , Ward S , Wright G , Lanner M , Königsrainer I , Bauer M , Kafka M , Messner F , Öfner D , Tsibulak I , Emmanuel K , Grechenig M , Gruber R , Harald M , Öhlberger L , Presl J , Wimmer A , Namazov İ , Samadov E , Barker D , Boyce R , Corbin S , Doyle A , Eastmond A , Gill R , Haynes A , Millar S , O’Shea M , Padmore G , Paquette N , Phillips E , St John S , Walkes K , Flamey N , Pattyn P , Oosterlinck W , Van den Eynde J , Van den Eynde R , Gatti A , Nardi C , Oliva R , De Cicco R , Cecconello I , Gregorio P , Pontual Lima L , Ribeiro Junior U , Takeda F , Terra R M , Sokolov M , Kidane B , Srinathan S , Boutros M , Caminsky N , Ghitulescu G , Jamjoum G , Moon J , Pelletier J , Vanounou T , Wong S , Kouyoumdjian A , Johnston B , Russell C , Demyttenaere S , Garfinkle R , Abou-Khalil J , Nessim C , Stevenson J , Heredia F , Almeciga A , Fletcher A , Merchan A , Puentes L O , Mendoza Quevedo J , Bačić G , Karlović D , Kršul D , Zelić M , Luksic I , Mamic M , Bakmaz B , Ćoza I , Dijan E , Katusic Z , Mihanovic J , Rakvin I , Frantzeskou K , Gouvas N , Kokkinos G , Papatheodorou P , Pozotou I , Stavrinidou O , Yiallourou A , Martinek L , Skrovina M , Szubota I , Žatecký J , Javurkova V , Klat J , Avlund T , Harbjerg J L , Iversen L H , Kjaer D W , Kristensen H Ø , Mekhael M , Ebbehøj A L , Krarup P , Schlesinger N , Smith H , Abdelsamed A , Azzam A Y , Salem H , Seleim A , Abdelmajeed A , Abdou M , Abosamak N E , Sayed M A L , Ashoush F , Atta R , Elazzazy E , Elhoseiny M , Elnemr M , Elqasabi M S , Elsayed Hewalla M E , Elsherbini I , Essam E , Eweda M , Ghallab I , Hassan E , Ibrahim M , Metwalli M , Mourad M , Qatora M S , Ragab M , Sabry A , Saifeldin H , Mesbah Mohamed , Saleh Elkaffas M , Samih A , Samir Abdelaal A , Shehata S , Shenit K , Attia D , Kamal N , Osman N , Abbas A M , Abd Elazeem H A S , Abdelkarem M M , Alaa S , Ali A K , Ayman A , Azizeldine M G , Elkhayat H , Melghazaly S , Monib F A , Nageh M A , Saad M M , Salah M , Shahine M , Yousof E A , Youssef A , Eldaly A , ElFiky M , Nabil A , Amira G , Sallam I , Sherief M , Sherif A , Abdelrahman A , Aboulkassem H , Ghaly G , Hamdy R , Morsi A , Sherif G , Abdeldayem H , Abdelkader Salama I , Balabel M , Fayed Y , Sherif A E , Bekele D , Kauppila J , Sarjanoja E , Helminen O , Huhta H , Kauppila J H , Beyrne C , Jouffret L , Lugans L , Marie-Macron L , Chouillard E , De Simone B , Bettoni J , Dakpé S , Devauchelle B , Lavagen N , Testelin S , Boucher S , Breheret R , Gueutier A , Kahn A , Kün-Darbois J , Barrabe A , Lakkis Z , Louvrier A , Manfredelli S , Mathieu P , Chebaro A , Drubay V , El amrani M , Eveno C , Lecolle K , Legault G , Martin L , Piessen G , Pruvot F R , Truant S , Zerbib P , Ballouhey Q , Barrat B , Laloze J , Salle H , Taibi A , Usseglio J , Bergeat D , Merdrignac A , Le Roy B , Le B , Perotto L O , Scalabre A , Aimé A , Ezanno A , Malgras B , Bouche P , Tzedakis S , Cotte E , Glehen O , Kepenekian V , Lifante J , Passot G , D’Urso A , Felli E , Mutter D , Pessaux P , Seeliger B , Bardet J , Berry R , Boddaert G , Bonnet S , Brian E , Denet C , Fuks D , Gossot D , Grigoroiu M , Laforest A , Levy-Zauberman Y , Louis-Sylvestre C , Moumen A , Pourcher G , Seguin-givelet A , Tribillon E , Duchalais E , Espitalier F , Ferron C , Malard O , Bork U , Distler M , Fritzmann J , Kirchberg J , Praetorius C , Riediger C , Weitz J , Welsch T , Wimberger P , Beyer K , Kamphues C , Lauscher J , Loch F N , Schineis C , Albertsmeier M , Angele M , Kappenberger A , Niess H , Schiergens T , Werner J , Becker R , Jonescheit J , Pergolini I , Reim D , Boeker C , Hakami I , Mall J , Liokatis P , Smolka W , Nowak K , Reinhard T , Hölzle F , Modabber A , Winnand P , Knitschke M , Kauffmann P , Wolfer S , Kleeff J , Lorenz K , Michalski C , Ronellenfitsch U , Schneider R , Bertolani E , Königsrainer A , Quante M , Steidle C , Überrück L , Yurttas C , Betz C S , Bewarder J , Böttcher A , Burg S , Busch C , Gosau M , Heuer A , Izbicki J , Klatte T O , Koenig D , Moeckelmann N , Nitschke C , Priemel M , Smeets R , Speth U , Thole S , Uzunoglu F G , Vollkommer T , Zeller N , Battista M J , Gillen K , Hasenburg A , Krajnak S , Linz V , Schwab R , Angelou K , Haidopoulos D , Rodolakis A , Antonakis P , Bramis K , Chardalias L , Contis I , Dafnios N , Dellaportas D , Fragulidis G , Gklavas A , Konstadoulakis M , Memos N , Papaconstantinou I , Polydorou A , Theodosopoulos T , Vezakis A , Antonopoulou M I , Manatakis D K , Tasis N , Arkadopoulos N , Danias N , Economopoulou P , Kokoropoulos P , Larentzakis A , Michalopoulos N , Selmani J , Sidiropoulos T , Tsaousis V , Vassiliu P , Bouchagier K , Klimopoulos S , Paspaliari D , Stylianidis G , Baxevanidou K , Bouliaris K , Chatzikomnitsa P , Efthimiou M , Giaglaras A , Kalfountzos C , Koukoulis G , Ntziovara A M , Petropoulos K , Soulikia K , Tsiamalou I , Zervas K , Zourntou S , Baloyiannis I , Diamantis A , Gkrinia E , Hajiioannou J , Korais C , Koukoura O , Perivoliotis K , Saratziotis A , Skoulakis C , Symeonidis D , Tepetes K , Tzovaras G , Zacharoulis D , Alexoudi V , Antoniades K , Astreidis I , Christidis P , Deligiannidis D , Grivas T , Ioannidis O , Kalaitsidou I , Loutzidou L , Mantevas A , Michailidou D , Paraskevopoulos K , Politis S , Stavroglou A , Tatsis D , Tilaveridis I , Vahtsevanos K , Venetis G , Karaitianos I , Tsirlis T , Charalabopoulos A , Liakakos T , Mpaili E , Schizas D , Spartalis E , Syllaios A , Zografos C , Anthoulakis C , Christou C , Papadopoulos V , Tooulias A , Tsolakidis D , Zouzoulas D , Athanasakis E , Chrysos E , Tsiaoussis J , Xenaki S , Xynos E , Futaba K , Ho M F , Hon S F , Mak T W C , Ng S S M , Foo C C , Banky B , Suszták N , Aremu M , Canas-Martinez A , Cullivan O , Murphy C , Owens P , Pickett L , Akmenkalne L , Byrne J , Corrigan M , Cullinane C , Daly A , Fleming C , Jordan P , Killeen S , Lynch N , McCarthy A , Mustafa H , O’Brien S , O’Leary P , Syed W A S , Vernon L , Callanan D , Huang L , Ionescu A , Sheahan P , Balasubramanian I , Boland M , Conlon K , Evoy D , Fearon N , Gallagher T , Geraghty J , Heneghan H , Kennedy N , Maguire D , McCartan D , McDermott E W , Prichard R S , Winter D , Alazawi D , Barry C , Boyle T , Butt W , Connolly E M , Donlon N , Donohue C , Fahey B A , Farrell R , Fitzgerald C , Kinsella J , Larkin J O , Lennon P , Maguire P J , Mccormick P , Mehigan B J , Mohan H , Nugent T , O’Sullivan H , Ravi N , Reynolds J V , Rogers A , Shokuhi P , Smith J , Smith L A , Timon C , Bashir Y , Bass G , Connelly T , Creavin B , Earley H , Elliott J A , Gillis A , Kavanagh D , Neary P , O’riordan J , Reynolds I S , Rice D , Ridgway P , Umair M , Whelan M , Carroll P , Collins C , Corless K , Finnegan L , Fowler A , Hogan A , Kerin M , Lowery A , McAnena P , McKevitt K , Nizami K , Ryan É , Samy A , Coffey J C , Cunningham R , Devine M , Nally D , Peirce C , Tormey S , Hardy N , O’Malley S , Ryan M , Macina S , Mariani N M , Opocher E , Pisani Ceretti A , Ferrari F , Odicino F , Sartori E , Cotsoglou C , Granieri S , Bianco F , Camillo’ A , Colledan M , Tornese S , Zambelli M F , Bissolotti G , Fusetti S , Lemma F , Marino M V , Mirabella A , Vaccarella G , Agostini C , Alemanno G , Bartolini I , Bergamini C , Bruscino A , Checcucci C , De Vincenti R , Di Bella A , Fambrini M , Fortuna L , Maltinti G , Muiesan P , Petraglia F , Prosperi P , Ringressi M N , Risaliti M , Sorbi F , Taddei A , Tucci R , Bassi C , Bortolasi L , Campagnaro T , Casetti L , De Pastena M , Esposito A , Fontana M , Guglielmi A , Landoni L , Malleo G , Marchegiani G , Nobile S , Paiella S , Pedrazzani C , Rattizzato S , Ruzzenente A , Salvia R , Turri G , Tuveri M , Bellora P , D’Aloisio G , Ferrari M , Francone E , Gentilli S , Nikaj H , Bianchini M , Chiarugi M , Coccolini F , Di Franco G , Furbetta N , Gianardi D , Guadagni S , Morelli L , Palmeri M , Tartaglia D , Anania G , Carcoforo P , Chiozza M , De Troia A , Koleva Radica M , Portinari M , Sibilla M G , Urbani A , Fabbri N , Feo C V , Gennari S , Parini S , Righini E , Ampollini L , Bellanti L , Bergonzani M , Bertoli G , Bocchialini G , D’Angelo G , Lanfranco D , Musini L , Poli T , Santoro G P , Varazzani A , Aguzzoli L , Borgonovo G , Castro Ruiz C , Coiro S , Falco G , Mandato V D , Mastrofilippo V , Montella M T , Annessi V , Zizzo M , Grossi U , Novello S , Romano M , Rossi S , Zanus G , Esposito G , Frongia F , Pisanu A , Podda M , Belluco C , Lauretta A , Montori G , Moras L , Olivieri M , Bussu F , Carta A G , Cossu M L , Cottu P , Fancellu A , Feo C F , Ginesu G C , Giuliani G , Madonia M , Perra T , Piras A , Porcu A , Rizzo D , Scanu A M , Tedde A , Tedde M , Delrio P , Rega D , Badalamenti G , Campisi G , Cordova A , Franza M , Maniaci G , Rinaldi G , Toia F , Calabrò M , Farnesi F , Lunghi E G , Muratore A , Pipitone Federico N S , Bàmbina F , D’Andrea G D , Familiari P , Picotti V , De Palma G , Luglio G , Pagano G , Tropeano F P , Baldari L , Beltramini G A , Boni L , Cassinotti E , Gianni’ A , Pignataro L , Torretta S , Abatini C , Baia M , Biasoni D , Bogani G , Cadenelli P , Capizzi V , Cioffi S P B , Citterio D , Comini L V , Cosimelli M , Folli S , Gennaro M , Giannini L , Guaglio M , Macchi A , Martinelli F , Mazzaferro V , Mosca A , Pasquali S , Piazza C , Raspagliesi F , Rolli L , Salvioni R , Sarpietro G , Sarre C , Sorrentino L , Agnes A , Alfieri S , Belia F , Biondi A , Cozza V , D’Amore A D , D’Ugo D , De Simone V , Gasparini G , Gordini L , Litta F , Lombardi C P , Lorenzon L , Marra A A , Marzi F , Moro A , Parello A , Perrone E , Persiani R , Ratto C , Rosa F , Saponaro G , Scambia G , Scrima O , Sganga G , Tudisco R , Belli A , Granata V , Izzo F , Palaia R , Patrone R , Carrano F M , Carvello M M , De Virgilio A , Di Candido F , Ferreli F , Gaino F , Mercante G , Rossi V , Spriano G , Donati D M , Frisoni T , Palmerini E , Aprile A , Barra F , Batistotti P , Ferrero S , Fregatti P , Scabini S , Sparavigna M , Asti E , Bernardi D , Bonavina L , Lovece A , Adamoli L , Ansarin M , Cenciarelli S , Chu F , De Berardinis R , Fumagalli Romario U , Mastrilli F , Pietrobon G , Tagliabue M , Badellino E , Ferrero A , Massobrio R , Garberini Manzoni , De A , Federico P , Maida P , Marra E , Marte G , Petrillo A , Tammaro T , Tufo A , Berselli M , Borroni G , Cocozza E , Conti L , Desio M , Livraghi L , Quintodei V , Rizzi A , Zullo A , Baldi C , Corbellini C , Sampietro G M , Cellerino P , Baldini E , Capelli P , Isolani S M , Ribolla M , Bondurri A , Colombo F , Ferrario L , Guerci C , Maffioli A , Armao T , Ballabio M , Bisagni P , Gagliano A , Longhi M , Madonini M , Pizzini P , Baietti A M , Biasini M , Maremonti P , Neri F , Prucher G M , Ricci S , Ruggiero F , Zarabini A G , Barmasse R , Mochet S , Usai A , Incollingo P , Mancini S , Marino Cosentino L , Sagnotta A , Fruscio R , Grassi T , Nespoli L C , Tamini N , Anastasi A , Bartalucci B , Bellacci A , Canonico G , Capezzuoli L , Di Martino C , Ipponi P , Linari C , Montelatici M , Nelli T , Spagni G , Tirloni L , Vitali A , Abate E , Casati M , Casiraghi T , Laface L , Schiavo M , Arminio A , Cotoia A , Lizzi V , Vovola F , Vergari R , D’Ugo S , Depalma N , Spampinato M G , Bartolucci P , Brachini G , Bruzzaniti P , Chiappini A , Chiarella V , Ciccarone F , Cicerchia P M , Cirillo B , DeToma G , Di bartolomeo A , Fiori E , Fonsi G B , Franco G , Frati A , Giugliano M , Iannone I , La Torre F , Lapolla P , Leonardo C , Marruzzo G , Meneghini S , Mingoli A , Ribuffo D , Salvati M , Santoro A , Sapienza P , Scafa A K , Simonelli L , Zambon M , Capolupo G T , Carannante F , Caricato M , Mascianà G , Mazzotta E , Gattolin A , Migliore M , Rimonda R , Sasia D , Travaglio E , Cervellera M , Gori A , Sartarelli L , Tonini V , Giacometti M , Zonta S , Chessa A , Fiorini A , Norcini C , Colletti G , Confalonieri M , Costanzi A , Frattaruolo C , Mari G , Monteleone M , Bandiera A , Bocciolone L , Bonavina G , Candiani M , Candotti G , De Nardi P , Gagliardi F , Medone M , Mortini P , Negri G , Parise P , Piloni M , Sileri P , Vignali A , Belvedere A , Bernante P , Bertoglio P , Boussedra S , Brunocilla E , Cipriani R , Cisternino G , De Crescenzo E , De Iaco P , Dondi G , Frio F , Jovine E , Mineo Bianchi F , Neri J , Parlanti D , Perrone A M , Pezzuto A P , Pignatti M , Pinto V , Poggioli G , Ravaioli M , Rottoli M , Schiavina R , Serenari M , Serra M , Solli P , Taffurelli M , Tanzanu M , Tesei M , Violante T , Zanotti S , Borghi F , Cianflocca D , Grimaldi Maria , Di S , Donati D , Gelarda E , Geretto P , Giraudo G , Giuffrida M C , Marano A , Palagi S , Pellegrino L , Peluso C , Testa V , Agresta F , Prando D , Zese M , Aquila F , Gambacciani C , Pieri F , Santonocito O S , Armatura G , Bertelli G , Frena A , Marinello P , Notte F , Patauner S , Scotton G , Fulginiti S F , Sammarco G , Vescio G , Balercia P , Catarzi L , Consorti G , Di Marzo F , Fontana T , Daiko H , Ishikawa M , Ishiyama K , Iwata S , Kanematsu K , Kanemitsu Y , Kato T , Kawai A , Kobayashi E , Kobayashi Kato M , Moritani K , Nakatani F , Oguma J , Tanase Y , Uno M , Al Abdallah M , Ayasra Y , Qasem A , Abu Za’nouneh F J , Fahmawee T , Hmedat A , Ibrahim A , Obeidat K , Abdel Al S , Abdel Jalil R , Abou Chaar M K , Al-Masri M , Al-Najjar H , Alawneh F , Alsaraireh O , Elayyan M , Ghanem R , Lataifeh I , Alkadeeki G Z , Al Maadany F S , Aldokali N , Senossi O , Subhi M T , Burgan D , Kamoka E , Kilani A I , Salamah A , Salem M , Shuwayyah A , Abdulwahed E , Alshareea E , Aribi N , Aribi S , Biala M , Ghamgh R , Morgom M , Aldayri Z , Ellojli I , Kredan A , Bradulskis S , Dainius E , Kubiliute E , Kutkevičius J , Parseliunas A , Subocius A , Venskutonis D , Rasoaherinomenjanahary F , Razafindrahita J B , Samison L H , Ong E C , Hamdan K H , Ibrahim M R , Tan J A , Thanapal M R , Amin Sahid N , Hayati F , Jayasilan J , Sriram R K , Subramaniam S , Che Jusoh A , Hussain A H , Mohamed Sidek A S , Mohd Yunus M F , Soh J Y , Wong M P K , Zakaria A D , Zakaria Z , Fadzli A , Fathi N Q , Koh P S , Liew Y T , Tang C Y , Teoh L Y , Wong W J , Yahaya A S , Alvarez M R , Arrangoiz R , Cordera F , De la Rosa Abaroa M A , Gómez-Pedraza A , Hernandez R , Maffuz-Aziz A , Posada J A , Becerra García F C , Alfaro-Goldaracena A , Buerba G A , Castillejos-Molina R A , Chan C , Dominguez-Rosado I , Medina-Franco H , Mercado M Á , Oropeza-Aguilar M , Portugal Gómez , Peña E , Posadas-Trujillo O E , Rodriguez-Covarrubias F , Salgado-Nesme N , Vilatoba M , Arkha Y , Bechri H , El Ouahabi A , Oudrhiri M Y , Derkaoui Hassani F , El abbadi N , Amrani L , Belkhadir Z H , Benkabbou A , Chakib O , El Ahmadi B , El Bouazizi Y , Essangri H , Ghannam A , Majbar A M , Mohsine R , Souadka A , Hompes R , Praag Meima-van E M , Pronk A J M , Sharabiany S , Grotenhuis B , Hartveld L , Reijers S , Van Houdt W , Baaij J , Bolster-van Eenennaam M , De Graaff M , Sloothaak D , Van Duijvendijk P , Posma-Bouman L , Derksen T , Franken J , Oosterling S , De Bree R , Konsten J , Van Heinsbergen M , Fidelis L , Sholadoye T T , Tolani M A , Olaogun J , Egbuchulem I K , Lawal T A , Ogundoyin O , Olulana D I , Abdur-Rahman L , Adeyeye A , Aremu I , Bello J , Olasehinde O , Popoola A , Massoud J , Massoud R , Sorour T M , Jamal A , Kerawala A A , Memon A S , Nafees Ahmed R , Rai L , Ayub B , Hassan N , Martins R S , Ramesh P , Butt U , Kashif M , Khan W H , Umar M , Waris Farooka M , Wasim T , Ayubi A , Rashid I , Waqar S H , Falcon G M , Robles R , Jocson R , Teh C , Bobiński M , Kotarski J , Rasoul-Pelińska K , Azevedo C , Machado D , Mendes F , De Sousa X , Fernandes U , Ferreira C , Guidi G , Leal C , Marçal A , Marques R , Martins D , Melo A , Tenreiro N , Vaz Pereira R , Vieira B , Almeida J I , de Sá Correia T , Costa M J M A , Fernandes V , Ferraz I , Gil C G , da Silva Lima C , Lopes L , Machado N , Marialva J , Nunes Coelho M , Pedro J , Pereira C , Reis R , Ribeiro A , Santos R , Saraiva P , Silva R , 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Pedrosa L , Poblete Carrizo J , Reyes Figueroa L A , Roldan Ramos P , Rumia-Arboix J , Tercero-Uribe A I , Topczewski T E , Torales J , Torne A , Torné R , Turrado-Rodriguez V , Valero R , Valverde S , Anula R , Cano-Valderrama O , Del Campo Martín M , Díez-Valladares L , Domínguez I , Dziakova J , Alonso García M , Romero García E , Gómez Latorre L , Muguerza J M , Pizarro M J , Saez Carlin P , del Pueblo Sánchez C , Sánchez-Pernaute A , Sanz Ortega G , Sanz-Lopez R , Torres A , Garcés-Albir M , Lopez F , Martín-Arévalo J , Moro-Valdezate D , Pla-Marti V , de Heredia Beltrán J , Asenjo Andrés , De B , Gómez Sanz T , Jezieniecki C , Barrio Del , Nuñez H , de Solórzano Aurusa Ortiz F J , de Diego Romero A , Ruiz Soriano M , Trujillo Díaz J , Vazquez fernandez A , Lora-Cumplido P , Sosa M V , Gonzalez-Gonzalez E , Minaya Bravo A M , de la Fuente Alonso N , Cazador Labat M , Cecchini L , Espinosa C A , Jimenez Toscano M , López Campillo A , Mancebo G , Martorell P , Munarriz M , Grau-Talens E J , Martin-Perez B , Benavides Buleje J A , Carrasco Prats M , Fernández P V , Fernández-López A , García Escudero D , García Porcel V J , Garcia Soria V , Giménez Francés C , González Valverde F M , Gurrea E , López-Morales P , Marco Garrido A , Alonso Martínez J A , Medina E , Muñoz Camarena J M , Parra Baños P A , Peña Ros E , Ramirez Faraco M , Ruiz-Marín M , Sanchez Rodriguez C , Valero Soriano M , Estaire Gómez M , Fernández Camuñas Á , Garcia Santos E P , Jimenez Higuera E , Martínez-Pinedo C , Muñoz-Atienza V , Padilla-Valverde D , PicónRodríguez R , Redondo Calvo F J , Sánchez-García S , Sanchez-Pelaez D , Colombari R C , Del valle E , Fernández M , Lozano Lominchar P , Martín L , Rey Valcarcel C , Steiner M A , Tudela M , Zorrilla Ortúzar J , Alcaide Matas F , García Pérez J M , Troncoso PereiraP , Mora-Guzmán I , Abellán M , Achalandabaso Boira M , Jorba R , Memba Ikuga R , Olona C , Sales Mallafré R , Cavallé Busquets P , Gavalda Pellice M G P , Salinas Peña J 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Prieto Nieto M I , Ramos-Martín P , Rubio-Perez I , Saavedra J , Sanchez-Mendez J I , Siegrist Ridruejo J , Urbieta A , Zapardiel I , diaz Cantalejo M , De Miguel Ardevines M D C , Duque-Mallén V , Gascon Ferrer I , Trébol González-Nicolás M T , Gracia-Roche C , Herrero Lopez M , Jariod Ferrer U M , Lanzon A , Martinez German A , Matute M , Redondo C , Sánchez Fuentes N , Sánchez-Rubio M , Santero-Ramirez M S , Saudí S , Simón Sanz M V , Uson-Bouthelier T , Blazquez Martin A , Diez Alonso M , García Rico E , Garcia-Loarte Gomez E , Garcia-Moreno Nisa F , Gutierrez Calvo A , Hernandez P , Lasa I , Mendoza-Moreno F , Morales Palacios N , Ovejero Merino E , Vera Mansilla C , Acebes García F , Bailón M , Bueno Cañones A D , Choolani Bhojwani E , Marcos-Santos P , Miguel T , Pacheco Sánchez D , Pérez-Saborido B , Sanchez Gonzalez J , Tejero-Pintor F J , Alconchel F , Conesa A , Gil Martínez J , Gutiérrez Fernández A I , Lopez Abad A , Nicolás-López T , Ramirez Romero P , Roca Calvo M J , Rodrigues K , Ruiz Manzanera J J , Soriano A I , Cano A , Capitan-Morales L , Cintas Catena J , Gomez-Rosado J , Oliva Mompean F , Pérez Sánchez M A , Río Lafuente F D , Torres Arcos C , Valdes-Hernandez J , Cholewa H , Domingo S , Frasson M , Lago V , Marina Martin T , Martínez Chicote C , Sancho-Muriel J , Landaluce-olavarria A , Lecumberri D , Abad Gurumeta A , Abad-Motos A , Martínez-Hurtado E , Ripollés-Melchor J , Ruiz Escobar A , Cuadrado-García A , Garcia-Sancho Tellez L , Heras Aznar J , Maté P , Ortega Vázquez I , Picardo A L , Rojo López J A , Noguera Cabezudo , Sanchez F , de Colsa Serralta D , Anchuelo Latorre J , Cagigas Fernandez C , Caiña Ruiz R , Gomez Ruiz M , Hernanz F , Jimeno Fraile J , Martínez-Pérez P , Poch C , Santarrufina Martinez S , Valbuena Jabares V , Moliner-Sánchez C , Pingarron-Martin L , Rey-Biel J , Ruiz Martin I , Blas Laina J L , Cros B , Escartin J , Garcia Egea J , Nogués A , Talal El-Abur I , Yánez C , Cagigal Ortega E P , Cervera I , Díaz Peña P 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Mosley F , Oktseloglou V , Alanbuki A , Patel M , Shabana A , Perera E , Raveendran D , Ravi-Shankar K , Thiruchelvam J , Arrowsmith L , Campbell W , Grove T , Kontovounisios C , Warren O , Rolland P , Aggarwal A , Brown S , Jelley C , Neal N , Clifford R , Eardley N , Krishnan E , Manu N , Martin E , Roy Mahapatra S , Serevina O L , Smith C , Bordenave M , Houston R , Putnam G , Robson A , Tustin H , Emslie K , Labib P L , Miller D , Minto G , Natale J , Nwinee H , Panahi P , Rogers L , Abubakar A , Akhter Rahman M M , Ko K Y K , O’Brien H O , Sasapu K , Woodun H , Inglis R , Ng H J , De Gea Rico A , Ghazali N , Lambert J , Markose G , Math S , Sarantitis I , Shrestha D , Sultana A , Taggarsi M , Timbrell S , Vaz O P , Vitone L , Day A , Dent H , Fahim M , Waheed S , Hunt A , Laskar N , Gupta A , Steinke J , Thrumurthy S , Massie E , McGivern K , Rutherford D , Wilson M , Hardie J , Kazzaz S , Handa S , Kaushal M , Kler A , Patel P , Redfern J , Tezas S , Aawsaj Y , Amonkar S , 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, Aboelkassem Ibrahim A , Bichoo R , Cao H , Chai A K W , Choudhury J , Evans C , Fitzjohn H , Ikram H , Langstroth M , Loubani M , McMillan A , Nazir S , Qadri S S A , Robinson A , Ross E , Sehgal T , Dixon J , Dunning J , Freystaetter K , Jha M , Lester S , Madhavan A , Thulasiraman S V , Viswanath Y , Curl-Roper T , Delimpalta C , Liao C C L , Velchuru V , Westwood E , Belcher E , Bond-Smith G , Chidambaram S , Di Chiara F , Fasanmade K , Fraser L , Fu H , Ganau M , Gore S , Graystone J , Jeyaretna D , Khatkar H , Lami M , Maher M , Mastoridis S , Mihai R , Piper R , Prabhu S , Risk O B F , Selbong U , Shah K , Smillie R , Soleymani Majd H , Sravanam S , Stavroulias D , Tebala G D , Vatish M , Verberne C , Wallwork K , Winter S , Bhatti M I , Boyd-Carson H , Elsey E , Gemmill E , Herrod P , Jibreel M , Lenzi E , Saafan T , Sapre D , Sian T , Watson N , Athanasiou A , Bourke G , Bradshaw L , Coe P , Costigan F , Elkadi H , Johnstone J , Kanatas A , Kantola V , Kaufmann A , Laios A , 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, Champion A , Chennupati R , Chu K , Devi S , Haji A , Schulz J , Testa F , Davies P , Gurung B , Howell S , Modi P , Pervaiz A , Zahid M , Abdolrazaghi S , Abi Aoun R , Anjum Z , Bawa G , Bhardwaj R , Enver M , Gill D , Gopikrishna D , Gurung D , Kanwal A , Kaushal P , Khanna A , Lovell E , McEvoy C , Mirza M , Nabeel S , Naseem S , Pandya K , Perkins R , Pulakal R , Ray M , Reay C , Reilly S , Round A , Seehra J , Shakeel N M , Singh B , Vijay Sukhnani M , Desai B , Elzanati H , Godhaniya J , Kavanagh E , Kent J , Kishor A , Liu A , Norwood M , Shaari N , Wood C , Wood M , Brown A , Chellapuri A , Ferriman A , Ghosh I , Kulkarni N , Noton T , Pinto A , Rajesh S , Varghese B , Wenban C , Aly R , Barciela C , Brookes T , Corrin E , Goldsworthy M , Mohamed Azhar M S , Moore J , Nakhuda S , Ng D , Pillay S , Port S , Abdullah M , Akinyemi J , Islam S , Kale A , Lewis A , Manjunath T , McCabe H , Misra S , Stubley T , Tam J P , Waraich N , Chaora T , Ford C , Osinkolu I , Pong G , Rai J , Risquet R , Ainsworth J , Ayandokun P , Barham E , Barrett G , Barry J , Bisson E , Bridges I , Burke D , Cann J , Cloney M , Coates S , Cripps P , Davies C , Francis N , Handley G , Hathaway D , Hurt L , Jenkins S , Johnston C , Khadka A , McGee U , Morris D , Murray R , Norbury C , Pierrepont Z , Richards C , Ross O , Ruddy A , Salmon C , Shield M , Soanes K , Taverner S , Williams C , Wills-Wood W , Woodward S , Chow J , Fan J , Guest O , Hunter I , Moon W Y , Arthur-Quarm S , Edwards P , Hamlyn V , McEneaney L , Pranoy D G N, S , Ting M , Abada S , Alawattegama L H , Ashok A , Carey C , Gogna A , Haglund C , Hurley P , Leelo N , Liu B , Mannan F , Paramjothy K , Ramlogan K , Raymond-Hayling O , Shanmugarajah A , Solichan D , Wilkinson B , Ahmad N A , Allan D , Amin A , Bakina C , Burns F , Cameron F , Campbell A , Cavanagh S , Chan S M Z , Chapman S , Chong V , Edelsten E , Ekpete O , El Sheikh M , Ghose R , Hassane A , Henderson C , Hilton-Christie S , Husain M , Hussain H , Javid Z , Johnson-Ogbuneke J , Johnston A , Khalil M , Leung T C C , Makin I , Muralidharan V , Naeem M , Patil P , Ravichandran S , Saraeva D , Shafi S , Shankey-Smith W , Swan R , Waudby-West R , Wilkinson A , Wright K , Balasubramanian A , Bhatti S , Chalkley M , Chou W K , Dixon M , Evans L , Fisher K , Gandhi P , Ho S , Lau Y B , Lowe S , Meechan C , Murali N , Musonda C , Njoku P , Ochieng L , Pervez M U , Sikder M A , Vanker R , Alom J , Bajaj V , Coleman O , Finch G , Goss J , Jenkins C , Kontothanassis A , Liew M S , Ng K , Outram M , Shakeel M M , Tawn J , Zuhairy S , Chapple K , Cinnamond A , Coleman S , George H A , Goulder L , Hare N , Hawksley J , Kret A , Luesley A , Mecia L , Porter H , Puddy E , Richardson G , Sohail B , Srikaran V , Tadross D , Tobin J , Tokidis E , Young L , Ashdown T , Bratsos S , Koomson A , Kufuor A , Lim M Q , Thorne E P C , Warusavitarne J , Xu S , Abigail S , Ahmed A , Ahmed J , Akmal A , Al-Khafaji M , Amini B , Arshad M , Bogie E , Brazkiewicz M , Carroll M , Chandegra A , Cirelli C , Deng A , Fairclough S , Fung Y J , Gornell C , Green R L , Green S V , Gulamhussein A H M , Isaac A G , Jan R , Jegatheeswaran L , Knee M , Kotecha J , Kotecha S , Maxwell-Armstrong C , McIntyre C , Mendis N , Naing T K P , Oberman J , Ong Z X , Ramalingam A , Saeed Adam A , Tan L L , Towell S , Yadav J , Anandampillai R , Chung S , Hounat A , Ibrahim B , Jeyakumar G , Khalil A , Khan U A , Nair G , Owusu-Ayim M , Kanani A , Kilkelly B , Ogunmwonyi I , Ong L , Samra B , Schomerus L , Shea J , Turner O , Yang Y , Amin M , Blott N , Clark A , Feather A , Forrest M , Hague S , Hamilton K , Higginbotham G , Hope E , Karimian S , Loveday K , Malik H , McKenna O , Noor A , Onsiong C , Patel B , Radcliffe N , Shah P , Tye L , Verma K , Walford R , Yusufi U , Zachariah M , Casey A , Doré C , Fludder V , Fortescue L , Kalapu S S , Karel E , Khera G , Appleton B , Ashaye A , Boggon E , Evans A , Mahmood Faris H , Hinchcliffe Z , Marei O , Silva I , Spooner C , Thomas G , Timlin M , Wellington J , Yao S L , Abdelrazek M , Abdelrazik Y , Bee F , Joseph A , Mounce A , Parry G , Vignarajah N , Biddles D , Creissen A , Kolhe S , Lea A , Ledda V , O’Loughlin P , Scanlon J , Shetty N , Weller C , Adeoye A , Bhatti M , Chadda K R , Chu J , Elhakim H , Foster-Davies H , Rabie M , Tailor B , Webb S , Abdelrahim A S A , Choo S Y , Jiwa A , Mangam S , Murray S , Shandramohan A , Aghanenu O , Budd W , Hayre J , Khanom S , Liew Z Y , Moody N , Muhammad-Kamal H , Odogwu J , Patel D , Sattar Z , Shahrokhi N , Sinha I , Thomson E , Wonga L , Bain J , Khan J , Ricardo D , Bevis R , Cherry C , Darkwa S , Drew W , Konda N , Madani D , Meda B , Odunukwe U , Preest G , Raheel F , Rajaseharan A , Ramgopal A , Risbrooke C , Selvaratnam K , Sethunath G , Tabassum R , Taylor J , Thakker A , Wijesingha N , Wybrew R , Yasin T , Ahmed Osman A , Alfadhel S , Carberry E , Chen J Y , Drake I , Glen P , Jayasuriya N , Kawar L , Sinan L O H , Siu S S Y , Tjen V , Adeboyejo O , Bacon H , Barnes R , Birnie C , D’Cunha Kamath A , Hughes E , Middleton S , Owen R , Schofield E , Short C , Wang H , Willett M , Zimmerman M , Balfour J , Chadwick T , Coombe-Jones M , Do Le H P , Hobson K , Shehata Z , Beattie M , Chmielewski G , Chong C , Donnelly B , Drusch B , Ellis J , Farrelly C , Feyi-Waboso J , Hibell I , Hoade L , Ho C , Jones H , Kodiatt B , Lidder P , Ni Cheallaigh L , Norman R , Patabendi I , Penfold H , Playfair M , Pomeroy S , Ralph C , Rottenburg H , Sebastian J , Sheehan M , Stanley V , Welchman J , Ajdarpasic D , Antypas A , Azouaghe O , Basi S , Bettoli G , Bhattarai S , Bommireddy L , Bourne K , Budding J , Cookey-Bresi R , Cummins T , Davies G , Fabelurin C , Gwilliam R , Hanley J , Hird A , Kruczynska A , Langhorne B , Lund J , Lutchman I , McGuinness R , Neary M , Pampapathi S , Pang E , Podbicanin S , Rai N , Redhouse White G , Sujith J , Thomas P , Walker I , Winterton R , Anderson P , Barrington M , Bhadra K , Clark G , Gibson C , Hudson S , Kaminskaite V , Longshaw A , MacKrill E , McLachlan F , Murdeshwar A , Nieuwoudt R , Parker P , Randall R , Rawlins E , Reeves S A , Rye D , Sirkis T , Sykes B , Ventress N , Wosinska N , Akram B , Burton L , Coombs A , Long R , Ong C , Sethi M , Cambridge W , Chan L H , Gaba F , Khor Z , Les J W , Mak R , Moin S , Kwong Kee , Ng K C , Paterson-Brown S , Tew Y Y , Bardon A , Burrell K , Coldwell C , Costa I , Dexter E , Hardy A , Khojani M , Mazurek J , Reddy V , Reynolds J , Soma A , Agiotakis S , Alsusa H , Desai N , Peristerakis I , Adcock A , Ayub H , Bennett T , Bibi F , Brenac S , Chapman T , Clarke G , Clark F , Galvin C , Gwyn-Jones A , Henry-Blake C , Kerner S , Kiandee M , Lovett A , Pilecka A , Ravindran R , Siddique H , Sikand T , Treadwell K , Akmal K , Apata A , Barton O , Broad G , Darling H , Dhuga Y , Emms L , Habib S , Jain R , Jeater J , Kan C Y P , Kathiravelupillai A , Kirmani S , Kulasabanathan K , Lacey H , Lal K , Manafa C , Mansoor M , McDonald S , Mittal A , Mustoe S , Nottrodt L , Oliver P , Papapetrou I , Pattinson F , Raja M , Reyhani H , Shahmiri A , Small O , Soni U , Aguirrezabala Armbruster B , Bunni J , Hakim M A , Hawkins-Hooker L , Howell K A , Hullait R , Jaskowska A , Ottewell L , Thomas-Jones I , Vasudev A , Clements B , Fenton J , Gill M , Haider S , Lim A J M , Maguire H , McMullan J , Nicoletti J , Samuel S , Unais M A , White N , Yao P C , Yow L , Brady R , Cheekoty P , Cheong J , Chew S J H L , Chow R , Ganewatta Kankanamge D , Mamer L , Mohammed B , Hi Chieng , Ngn J , Renji Chungath R , Royston A , Sharrad E , Sinclair R , Treherne K , Wyatt F , Maniarasu V S , Appanna T , Bucknall T , Hussain F , Owen A , Parry R , Sagua N , Spofforth K , Yuen E C T , Bosley N , Hardie W , Moore T , Regas C , Abdel-Khaleq S , Ali N , Bashiti H , Buxton-Hopley R , Constantinides M , D’Afflitto M , Deshpande A , Duque Golding J , Frisira E , Germani Batacchi M , Gomaa A , Hay D , Iakovou A , Iakovou D , Ismail E , Jefferson S , Khouli Y , Mason J , McCaughan R , Moffatt J , Morawala A , Nadir H , Neyroud F , Nikookam Y , Parmar A , Pinto L , Richards E , Thomson S , Trainer C , Valetopoulou A , Vassiliou A , Wantman A , Wilde S , Dickinson M , Rockall T , Senn D , Wcislo K , Zalmay P , Adelekan K , Allen K , Bajaj M , Gatumbu P , Hang S , Hashmi Y , Kaur T , Kawesha A , Woodmass M , Adelowo T , Ahari D , Alhwaishel K , Clayton B , Cockroft A , Curtis Lopez C , Hilton M , Ismail N , Kouadria M , Lee L , MacConnachie A , Monks F , Mungroo S , Nikoletopoulou C , Sara X , Shahid A , Suresh G , Wilcha R , Atiyah A , Dermanis A , Gibbons H , Hyde A , Lawson A , Lee C , Leung-Tack M , Hee Saw , Li J , Mostafa O , Nair D , Pattani N , Plumbley-Jones J , Pufal K , Sanghera J , Saram S , Scadding S , See S , Stringer H , Torrance A , Vardon H , Wyn-Griffiths F , Brew A , Kaur G , Soni D , Tickle A , Akbar Z , Appleyard T , Figg K , Jayawardena P , Johnson A , Kamran Siddiqui Z , Lacy-Colson J , Oatham R , Rowlands B , Sludden E , Turnbull C , Allin D , Ansar Z , Azeez Z , Dale V H , Garg J , Horner A , Jones S , Knight S , McGregor C , McKenna J , McLelland T , Packham-Smith A , Rowsell K , Spector-Hill I , Adeniken E , Baker J , Bartlett M , Chikomba L , Connell B , Deekonda P , Dhar M , Elmansouri A , Gamage K , Goodhew R , Hanna P , Knight J , Luca A , Maasoumi N , Mahamoud F , Manji S , Marwaha P K , Mason F , Oluboyede A , Pigott L , Razaq A M , Richardson M , Saddaoui I , Wijeyendram P , Yau S , Atkins W , Liang K , Miles N , Praveen B , Ashai S , Braganza J , Common J , Cundy A , Davies R , Guthrie J , Handa I , Iqbal M , Ismail R , Jones C , Jones I , Lee K S , Levene A , Okocha M , Smith A , Subramaniam E , Tandle S , Wang A , Watson A , Wilson C , Chan X H F , Khoo E , Montgomery C , Norris M , Pugalenthi P P , Common T , Cook E , Mistry H , Shinmar H S , Agarwal G , Bandyopadhyay S , Brazier B , Carroll L , Goede A , Harbourne A , Lakhani A , Larwood J , Merchant J , Pattenden S , Pradhan A , Raafat N , Rothwell E , Shammoon Y , Sudarshan R , Vickers E , Wingfield L , Ashworth I , Azizi S , Bhate R , Chowdhury T , Christou A , Davies L , Dwaraknath M , Farah Y , Garner J , Gureviciute E , Hart E , Javid S , Kankam H K , Kaur Toor P , Kaz R , Kermali M , Khan I , Mattson A , McManus A , Murphy M , Nair K , Ngemoh D , Norton E , Olabiran A , Parry L , Payne T , Pillai K , Punjabi K , Raghunathan A , Raza M , Ritehnia J , Simpson G , Smith W , Sodeinde S , Studd L , Subramaniam M , Thomas J , Towey S , Tsang E , Tuteja D , Vasani J , Vio M , Badran A , Adams J , Anthony Wilkinson J , Asvandi S , Austin T , Bald A , Bix E , Carrick M , Chander B , Chowdhury S , Cooper Drake B , Crosbie S , Portela S D , Francis D , Gallagher C , Gillespie R , Gravett H , Gupta P , Ilyas C , Johny J , Jones A , Kinder F , MacLeod C , Macrow C , Maqsood-Shah A , Mather J , McCann L , McMahon R , Mitham E , Mohamed M , Munton E , Nightingale K , O’Neill K , Onyemuchara I , Senior R , Shanahan A , Sherlock J , Spyridoulias A , Stavrou C , Stokes D , Tamang R , Taylor E , Trafford C , Uden C , Waddington C , Yassin D , Zaman M , Bangi S , Cheng T , Hussain N , Imani-Masouleh S , Mahasivam G , McKnight G , Ng H L , Ota H C , Pasha T , Ravindran W , Vishnu K S , Zaman S , Carr W , Cope S , Eagles E J , Howarth-Maddison M , Li C Y , Reed J , Ridge A , Stubbs T , Teasdaled D , Umar R , Worthington J , Dhebri A , Kalenderov R , Alattas A , Arain Z , Bhudia R , Chia D , Daniel S , Dar T , Garland H , Girish M , Hampson A , Lehovsky K , Mullins W , Omorphos N , Vasdev N , Venkatesh A , Waldock W , Bhandari A , Brown G , Choa G , Eichenauer C E , Ezennia K , Kidwai Z , Lloyd-Thomas A , Macaskill Stewart A , Massardi C , Sinclair E , Skajaa N , Smith M , Tan I , Afsheen N , Anuar A , Azam Z , Bhatia P , Davies-kelly N , Dickinson S , Elkawafi M , Ganapathy M , Gupta S , Khoury E G , Licudi D , Mehta V , Neequaye S , Nita G , Tay V L , Zhao S , Botsa E , Cuthbert H , Elliott J , Furlepa M , Lehmann J , Mangtani A , Narayan A , Nazarian S , Shah D , Shaw C , Zhao Z , Beck C , Caldwell S , Clements J M , French B , Kenny R , Kirk S , McClung A , McLaughlin N , Watson S , Whiteside E , Alyacoubi S , Arumugam V , Beg R , Dawas K , Garg S , Lloyd E R , Mahfouz Y , Manobharath N , Moonesinghe R , Morka N , Prashar J , Yip S , Adeeko E S , Ajekigbe F , Bhat A , Farrugia A , Gurung C , Long T , Malik B , Manirajan S , Newport D , Rayer J , Ridha A , Saran T , Sinker A , Waruingi D , Allen R , Al Sadek Y , Alves do Canto Brum H , Asharaf H , Ashman M , Balakumar V , Barrington J , Baskaran R , Berry A , Bhachoo H , Bilal A , Boaden L , Chia W L , Covell G , Crook D , Dadnam F , Davis L , De Berker H , Doyle C , Fox C , Gruffydd-Davies M , Hafouda Y , Hill A , Hubbard E , Hunter A , Inpadhas V , Jamshaid M , Jandu G , Jeyanthi M , Kantor C , Kwak S Y , Malik N , Matt R , McNulty P , Miles C , Mohomed A , Myat P , Niharika J , Nixon A , O’Reilly D , Parmar K , Pengelly S , Price L , Ramsden M , Turnor R , Wales E , Waring H , Wu M , Yang T , Ye T T S , Zander A , Zeicu C , Bellam S , Francombe J , Kawamoto N , Rahman M R , Sathyanarayana A , Tang H T , Cheung J , Hollingshead J , Page V , Sugarman J , Wong E , Chiong J , Fung E , Kan S Y , Kiang J , Kok J , Krahelski O , Liew M Y , Lyell B , Sharif Z , Speake D , Alim L , Amakye N Y , Chandrasekaran J , Chandratreya N , Drake J , Owoso T , Thu Y M , Abou El Ela Bourquin B , Alberts J , Chapman D , Rehnnuma N , Ainsworth K , Carpenter H , Emmanuel T , Fisher T , Gabrel M , Guan Z , Hollows S , Hotouras A , Ip Fung Chun N , Jaffer S , Kallikas G , Lewinsohn B , Liu F Y , Mohammed S , Rutherfurd A , Situ T , Stammer A , Taylor F , Thin N , Urgesi E , Zhang N , Ahmad M A , Bishop A , Bowes A , Dixit A , Glasson R , Hatta S , Hatt K , Larcombe S , Preece J , Riordan E , Fegredo D , Haq M Z , Li C , McCann G , Stewart D , Baraza W , Bhullar D , Burt G , Coyle J , Deans J , Devine A , Hird R , Ikotun O , Manchip G , Ross C , Storey L , Tan W W L , Tse C , Warner C , Whitehead M , Wu F , Court E L , Crisp E , Huttman M , Mayes F , Robertson H , Rosen H , Sandberg C , Al Bakry M , Ashwell W , Bajaj S , Bandyopadhyay D , Browlee O , Burway S , Chand C P , Elsayeh K , Elsharkawi A , Evans E , Ferrin S , Fort-Schaale A , Iacob M , Licastro K I , Impelliziere G , Mankoo A S , Olaniyan T , Otun J , Reddy R , Saeed D , Simmonds O , Singhal G , Tron K , Wickstone C , Williams R , Bradshaw E , De Kock Jewell V , Knight C , Metezai H , Mirza-Davies A , Spink D , Wischhusen S 
Published: September 2021

Background

This study aimed to determine the impact of pulmonary complications on death after surgery both before and during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic.

Methods

This was a patient-level, comparative analysis of two, international prospective cohort studies: one before the pandemic (January–October 2019) and the second during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic (local emergence of COVID-19 up to 19 April 2020). Both included patients undergoing elective resection of an intra-abdominal cancer with curative intent across five surgical oncology disciplines. Patient selection and rates of 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications were compared. The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative mortality. Mediation analysis using a natural-effects model was used to estimate the proportion of deaths during the pandemic attributable to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Results

This study included 7402 patients from 50 countries; 3031 (40.9 per cent) underwent surgery before and 4371 (59.1 per cent) during the pandemic. Overall, 4.3 per cent (187 of 4371) developed postoperative SARS-CoV-2 in the pandemic cohort. The pulmonary complication rate was similar (7.1 per cent (216 of 3031) versus 6.3 per cent (274 of 4371); P = 0.158) but the mortality rate was significantly higher (0.7 per cent (20 of 3031) versus 2.0 per cent (87 of 4371); P &lt; 0.001) among patients who had surgery during the pandemic. The adjusted odds of death were higher during than before the pandemic (odds ratio (OR) 2.72, 95 per cent c.i. 1.58 to 4.67; P &lt; 0.001). In mediation analysis, 54.8 per cent of excess postoperative deaths during the pandemic were estimated to be attributable to SARS-CoV-2 (OR 1.73, 1.40 to 2.13; P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion

Although providers may have selected patients with a lower risk profile for surgery during the pandemic, this did not mitigate the likelihood of death through SARS-CoV-2 infection. Care providers must act urgently to protect surgical patients from SARS-CoV-2 infection.