bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prostate-Specific Antigen Level at the Time of Salvage Therapy After Radical Prostatectomy for Prostate Cancer and the Risk of Death
Authors: Tilki Derya , Chen Ming-Hui , Wu Jing , Huland Hartwig , Graefen Markus , Mohamad Osama , Cowan Janet E. , Feng Felix Y. , Carroll Peter R. , D'Amico Anthony V.
Published: March 2023

PURPOSE

Both the performance characteristics of prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography and insurance approval improves with increasing prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level causing some physicians to delay post-radical prostatectomy salvage radiation therapy (sRT) after PSA failure. Yet, it is unknown for men with at most one high-risk factor (ie, pT3/4 or prostatectomy [p] Gleason score 8-10) whether a PSA level exists above which initiating sRT is associated with increased all-cause mortality (ACM)-risk and was investigated.

METHODS

Using a multinational database of 25,551 patients with pT2-4N0 or NXM0 prostate cancer, multivariable Cox regression analysis evaluated whether an association with a significant increase in ACM-risk existed when sRT was delivered above a prespecified PSA level beginning at 0.10 ng/mL and in 0.05 increments up to 0.50 ng/mL versus at or below that level. The model was adjusted for age at and year of radical prostatectomy, established prostate cancer prognostic factors, institution, and the time-dependent use of androgen deprivation therapy.

RESULTS

After a median follow-up of 6.00 years, patients who received sRT at a PSA level >0.25 ng/mL had a significantly higher ACM-risk (AHR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.11 to 2.00; P = .008) compared with men who received sRT when the PSA was ≤0.25 mg/mL. This elevated ACM-risk remained significant for all PSA cutpoints up to 0.50 ng/mL but was not significant at PSA cutpoint values below 0.25 ng/mL.

CONCLUSION

Among patients with at most one high-risk factor, initiating sRT above a PSA level of 0.25 ng/mL was associated with increased ACM-risk.
Central Hypothyroidism is Frequent During Mitotane Therapy in Adrenocortical Cancer Patients: Prevalence and Timeline
Authors: Poirier Jonathan , Godemel Sophie , Mourot Aurélie , Grunenwald Solange , Olney Harold J , Le Xuan Kim , Lacroix André , Caron Philippe , Bourdeau Isabelle
Published: March 2023

Context

Central hypothyroidism was described previously in mitotane-treated patients but data on its prevalence and time of occurrence are limited.

Objective

To better characterize thyroid hormone insufficiency in patients exposed to mitotane.

Methods

We reviewed medical records of patients from 2 academic centers in Montreal (Canada) and Toulouse (France) with exposure to mitotane therapy for adrenocortical cancer between 1995 and 2020. We analyzed the thyroid function parameters during and after treatment.

Results

In our cohort of 83 patients, 17 were excluded because of preexisting primary hypothyroidism or drug-induced hypothyroidism. During follow-up, 3/66 patients maintained a normal thyroid function and 63/66 developed central hypothyroidism. Among those 63 patients, 56 presented with an inappropriately normal or low TSH and 7 with a mildly elevated TSH. The onset of hypothyroidism was: <3 months in 33.3%, 3 to 6 months in 19.1%, 6 to 9 months in 14.3%, and 9 to 12 months in 9.5%. At least 14.3% of cases occurred after 12 months of exposure, and 6 patients had an undetermined time of occurrence. Over time, 27 patients stopped mitotane and partial (42.3%) or complete (23.1%) recovery from hypothyroidism was observed, mainly in the first 2 years after mitotane discontinuation.

Conclusion

Mitotane therapy is frequently associated with new onset of central hypothyroidism with a prevalence of 95.5%. Most cases occurred in the first year of treatment. Partial or full recovery of thyroid function occurs in 65.4% of cases. This study supports the importance of systematic monitoring of TSH and free T4 levels during and following discontinuation of mitotane therapy.
Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue Is Increased in Postmenopausal Women With Postsurgical Hypoparathyroidism
Authors: Diacinti Davide , Diacinti Daniele , Iannacone Antonio , Pepe Jessica , Colangelo Luciano , Nieddu Luciano , Kripa Endi , Orlandi Martina , De Martino Viviana , Minisola Salvatore , Cipriani Cristiana
Published: March 2023

Context

Suppression of bone turnover, greater trabecular volume, and normal-high normal all-site bone mineral density (BMD) are hallmarks of postsurgical hypoparathyroidism (HypoPT). Impairment in the trabecular microarchitecture with possible higher risk of vertebral fractures (VF) in women with postmenopausal HypoPT has also been described. Currently, no data on bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) are available in HypoPT.

Objective

To assess BMAT by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) in postmenopausal women with chronic postsurgical HypoPT.

Methods

This cross-sectional pilot study, conducted at an ambulatory referral center, included 29 postmenopausal women (mean age 66 ± 8.4 years) with postsurgical HypoPT and 31 healthy postmenopausal women (mean age 63 ± 8.5). Lumbar spine MRI was performed and BMAT was measured by applying PRESS sequences on the L3 body. Lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total hip BMD were measured by dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA); site-matched spine trabecular bone score (TBS) was calculated by TBS iNsight (Medimaps, Switzerland); VF assessment was performed with lateral thoracic and lumbar spine DXA.

Results

Fat content (FC) and saturation level (SL%) were higher (P <.0001 and P <.001), while water content (W) was lower in HypoPT compared to controls (P <.0001). FC significantly correlated with years since menopause and body weight (P <.05) in HypoPT, while TBS negatively correlated with FC and SL% (P <.05) and positively with residual lipids (RL) and W (P <.05).

Conclusion

We demonstrate for the first time that BMAT is increased in postmenopausal women with postsurgical hypoparathyroidism and negatively associated with trabecular microarchitecture.
Spike Current Induction by Photogenerated Charge Accumulation at the Surface Sites of Porous Porphyrinic Zirconium Metal-Organic Framework Electrodes in Photoelectrochemical Cells
Authors: Moribe Shinya , Takeda Yasuhiko , Umehara Mitsutaro , Kikuta Hirokazu , Ito Junji , Ma Jiaju , Yamada Yuri , Hirano Minoru
Published: March 2023

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) capacitors have recently garnered increasing interest based on their charge accumulation and dissipation mechanisms, particularly with respect to spike and overshoot currents, and have therefore been investigated for biomedical applications, including nerve photostimulation and biomolecular sensing. Porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are capable of accumulating large amounts of photogenerated charge at their surface sites, owing to their large surface areas, and therefore may have potential as a new material for use in PEC capacitors. To explore the PEC capacitor properties of MOFs, we performed transient photocurrent measurements using PEC cells comprising porphyrinic zirconium MOF (PZ-MOF) electrodes in a phosphate-buffered saline solution. We observed a clear growth and decay of the cathodic current during light irradiation and the generation of an anodic reverse current when the light was turned off, thus inducing spike and overshoot currents. However, no spike or overshoot currents were observed when excess oxygen was introduced into the electrolyte. These results indicate that PZ-MOFs have the ability for photogenerated charge accumulation at the surface pores near the interface between the PZ-MOF electrode and the electrolyte. Thus, we have confirmed that PZ-MOFs are a promising PEC capacitor material that may be used in future biomedical applications.
Performing punishment
Authors: Κούτση Παναγιώτα
Published: March 2023

Η θανατική ποινή υπήρξε μέρος του νομικού δικαίου σε πολλές κοινωνίες και κουλτούρες από την απαρχή της ανθρωπότητας. Το ίδιο και η διαμάχη που την περιβάλλει. Οι εκτελέσεις ήταν κομμάτι του Αμερικανικού και Ευρωπαϊκού συστήματος δικαίου για πολλούς αιώνες, με τις Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες Αμερικής να είναι ανάμεσα στις ελάχιστες χώρες του δυτικού κόσμου που συνεχίζουν την πρακτική της ως θεσμικό τρόπο απόδοσης ποινής που επικυρώνεται από τον νόμο. Το θέατρο εισέρχεται σ’αυτήν την μακροχρόνια διαμάχη και προσπαθεί να απευθύνει το θέμα της θανατικής ποινής από διαφορετικές πλευρές όπως αυτές εκφράζονται μέσα από έναν αριθμό θεατρικών έργων κυρίως γραμμένα κατά την διάρκεια μιας διετείας (2013-2015) από Αμερικανούς και Ευρωπαίους θεατρικούς συγγραφείς. Η έρευνα μου θα επικεντρωθεί σε σύγχρονα Αγγλόφωνα θεατρικά έργα μέσα από ένα διατλαντικό περιεχόμενο συγκριτικής μελέτης μεταξύ Αμερικανικών, Βρετανικών και Ιρλανδικών θεατρικών κειμένων με σκοπό να υπογραμμιστούν οι διαφορετικές οπτικές και προσεγγίσεις όσον αφορά το θέμα της θανατικής ποινής, λαμβάνοντας υπ’όψιν τις διαφορετικές κοινωνικοπολιτικές ιδιαιτερότητες της παραγωγής των έργων αυτών που τα συνδέουν ή διαχωρίζουν. Επιπλέον, θα διερευνηθεί η πολυπλοκότητα του θέματος και η απευθείας συνδεσή του με την κοινωνική και πολιτισμική πραγματικότητα που βρίσκεται σε αδιάκοπη διαπραγμάτευση με τον νόμο και την τιμωρία. Τα θεατρικά έργα που θα συζητηθούν εδώ στοχεύουν να τονίσουν τον ρόλο της θανατικής ποινής ως μηχανισμό που διαπερνά την κοινωνία με τρόπο που επηρεάζει αρνητικά εκείνους που εμπλέκονται στην διαδικασία της πιο άμεσα, αλλά και την κοινωνία γενικότερα.
Το έλλογο και το υπέρλογο στον Πλάτωνα και στον Πλωτίνο
Authors: Τριπουλά Ιωάννα
Published: March 2023

Η παρούσα διατριβή εστιάζει στη συνύπαρξη του λογικού και του υπέρλογου στοιχείου στην φιλοσοφία του Πλάτωνος και σε εκείνη του Πλωτίνου. Η ερευνητική μέθοδος που επελέγη ήταν η κειμενοκεντρική. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, μέσα από τη μελέτη από τη μια επιλεγμένων έργων του Πλάτωνος και ειδικότερα του Μένωνος, του Φαίδωνος, του Συμποσίου, του Φαίδρου, της Πολιτείας και του Θεαίτητου, και από την άλλη των Εννεάδων του Πλωτίνου, επιχειρείται η ανίχνευση σημείων όπου έκαστος εκ των δύο φιλοσόφων επιλέγει τον δρόμο του ορθολογισμού ή ανάγεται στο άλογο ή υπέρλογο, τόσο σε επίπεδο θεματικής, όσο και τρόπου πραγμάτευσης. H φιλοσοφία του Πλάτωνος ανήκει στον χώρο του ρεαλιστικού ιδεαλισμού, καθότι κατά τον φιλόσοφο ο πραγματικός κόσμος συγκροτείται από τις Ιδέες, τις οποίες μπορεί κάποιος να γνωρίσει μέσω της νόησης και όχι της αισθητηριακής γνώσης. Η επιλογή των προαναφερομένων διαλόγων έγινε με το σκεπτικό ότι σε αυτούς παρατηρείται μια συνεχής αναμέτρηση του έλλογου με το άλογο ή και το υπέρλογο στοιχείο, καθώς αναπτύσσονται με λογικό μεν τρόπο ζητήματα, τα οποία υπερβαίνουν το χώρο της αισθητής πραγματικότητας, ενώ αντιστρόφως σε άλλες περιπτώσεις έλλογες θέσεις προβάλλονται ως αξιωματικές, τεκμηριώνονται δηλαδή μετρόπους που υπερβαίνουν τη λογική. Η δέ φιλοσοφία του Πλωτίνου και ειδικά το πλωτίνειο οντολογικό σύστημα βρίσκεται πολύ κοντά στη βάση της πλατωνικής, αλλά κλίνει περισσότερο στην περιοχή του υπέρλογου. Από την άλλη, υπάρχουν σημεία, τόσο στη θεματολογία των Εννεάδων, όσο και στον τρόπο ανάπτυξής τους, που μαρτυρούν ότι η προσχώρηση στην περιοχή του άλογου έχει κάποια όρια και κάποια ορισμένα πλαίσια.
A contribution to rigidity and deformability theory of isometric immersions
Authors: Τσούρη Αμαλία-Σοφία
Published: March 2023

Στόχος της διατριβής είναι να ερευνήσουμε την ακαμψία και την παραμορφωσιμότητα ψευδοολόμορφων καμπυλών στη σχεδόν Kähler σφαίρα S^6, μεταξύ των ελαχιστικών επιφανειών σε σφαίρες. Οι μη ολικά γεωδαισιακές ψευδοολόμορφες καμπύλες στην S^6, είτε έχουν ουσιώδη συνδιάσταση σε μια ολικά γεωδαισιακή σφαίρα S^5 στην S^6, είτε έχουν ουσιώδη συνδιάσταση στην S^6. Στην τελευταία περίπτωση, η ψευδοολόμορφη καμπύλη είναι είτε μηδενικής στρέψης είτε μη ισοτροπική. Οι μηδενικής στρέψης καμπύλες είναι ισοτροπικές. Η μελέτη του ανωτέρω προβλήματος ανάγεται στη μελέτη ξεχωριστά καθεμιάς από τις τρεις κλάσεις ψευδοολόμορφων καμπυλών.
Η σκιά του Κώστα Παπαϊωάννου στο τοπίο του σύγχρονου πολιτισμού
Authors: Λάζου Άννα
Published: March 2023

Το, ακόμη άγνωστο πλατύτερα, έργο του Κώστα Παπαϊωάννου συνιστά ένα από τα αντιπροσωπευτικότερα παραδείγματα εφαρμογής του ανθρωπολογικού στοχασμού (που φέρει επιρροές της μαρξιστικής κριτικής του πολιτισμού, αλλά και του στοχασμού του 19ου αιώνα), σε μια εκ νέου θεώρηση κι εκ βάθρων αναδόμηση της σχέσης του ανθρώπου με τον πολιτισμό και την κοινωνία, δείχνοντας προς αξίες ηθικές, πολιτικές και αισθητικές που επιρρωνύουν την υπεύθυνη και δραστική θέση της φιλοσοφίας στην εποχή μας. Στο βιβλίο του Ο άνθρωπος και ο ίσκιος του, αξιοποιώντας φιλοσοφικές επιρροές των Hegel, Marx, Nietzsche και Kirkegaard, ο συγγραφέας ασκεί κριτική στον σύγχρονο πολιτισμό, αλλά και στον ίδιο τον Marx και στον ιστορικό υλισμό, κάνοντας μια ενδιαφέρουσα σύνδεση με την τέχνη της εποχής του. Ο Παπαϊωάννου αναγνωρίζεται ως σημαντικός αναλυτής του ελληνο-δυτικού πολιτισμού, διατηρώντας, παράλληλα, μέχρι τον πρώιμο θάνατό του τα φιλοσοφικά και πολιτικά του ενδιαφέροντα κι εμβαθύνοντας σε αυτά. Τα ιστορικοαισθητικά του πονήματα για την ελληνική και τη βυζαντινή τέχνη, μαζί με την κριτική της νεωτερικής διανόησης, παραμένουν ενεργά σημεία αφετηρίας της διαδρομής και συγκροτούν το περίγραμμα της κληρονομιάς και της σκιάς του.
Ο Κώστας Παπαϊωάννου για τη σχέση της ελληνικής φιλοσοφίας με την ευρωπαϊκή Αναγέννηση και τον Διαφωτισμό
Authors: Καραμπελιάς Γιώργος
Published: March 2023

Ο άνθρωπος δεν μπορεί να ξανακερδίσει την ιστορία του, αν δεν αποκαταστήσει τη σχέση φύσης και ιστορίας. Μια σχέση που δεν μπορεί πλέον να διαμεσολαβηθεί από τη μυθική αντίληψη για το σύμπαν και τον κόσμο, μια σχέση που δεν μπορεί να στηριχθεί σε έναν Θεό, δημιουργό της φύσης και του κόσμου. Για τον Παπαϊωάννου δεν υπάρχει άλλος δρόμος από την common decency του Όργουελ, δηλαδή μια προσπάθεια συγκερασμού αρχαιοελληνικής ισορροπίας και αναγεννησιακής κινητοποίησης, απορρίπτοντας παράλληλα τη διαμόρφωση κάποιου προτάγματος μεσσιανικού χαρακτήρα. Όσο για τον διαφωτισμό, έφτασε τόσο μακριά, ώστε ο θεμελιώδης άξονας ενός προτάγματος δεν μπορεί παρά να στηρίζεται σε μια σύνθεση ρομαντισμού και διαφωτισμού, εάν είναι δυνατό κάτι τέτοιο. Μια ριζική αναθεμελίωση του κόσμου, ένα νέο ιστορικό συμβόλαιο με τη φύση —και τον άνθρωπο καθόσον φύση—, μια «επιστροφή» στην αρχαιοελληνική ισορροπία κόσμου και ιστορίας.
Ο Κώστας Παπαϊωάννου και η βυζαντινή εικονολογία
Authors: Αραμπατζής Γιώργος
Published: March 2023

Το άρθρο παρουσιάζει τους βασικούς άξονες της ανάλυσης της βυζαντινής εικονολογίας από τον Κώστα Παπαϊωάννου. Η πραγμάτευση του θέματος αρχίζει με την παρουσίαση του ζητήματος της διάκρισης της εικονογραφίας από την εικονολογία, που έγινε από τον Έρβιν Πανόφσκυ, σε συνέχεια της νέο-καντιανής φιλοσοφίας της κουλτούρας και, σε έναν δεύτερο χρόνο, τη διάκριση της εικονολογίας από την εικονικότητα που παρατηρείται σε αυτό που ονομάζουμε «εικονιστική στροφή» στη σκέψη, στο τέλος της λεγόμενης «γλωσσικής στροφής», που χαρακτήριζε τη φιλοσοφία του 20ού αιώνα. Η ανάλυση του Παπαϊωάννου διακρίνει με εύστοχο και καίριο τρόπο τα βυζαντινά εικονολογικά επιτεύγματα από τη λεγόμενη θεωρία της βυζαντινής ζωγραφικής ως πρωτο- ή προ-αναγέννηση, δείχνοντας με ευκρίνεια τον διαφορετικό προσανατολισμό της τελευταίας από την αναγεννησιακή ζωγραφική. Η εν λόγω ανάλυση μπορεί να φωτισθεί ακόμη περισσότερο με την έννοια της ιστορικότητας, όπως αυτή εμφανίζεται σε ένα νεανικό έργο του Παπαϊωάννου, το 1951.
Από τον θεοειδή στον καθαγιασμένο ανθρωπισμό: η «συμφιλίωση» (;) αρχαιοελληνικής και βυζαντινής τέχνης στο έργο του Κώστα Παπαϊωάννου
Authors: Ψωμάκης Γιάννης
Published: March 2023

Το παρόν άρθρο επιχειρεί να εξετάσει τον τρόπο με τον οποίο ο Κώστας Παπαϊωάννου επεξεργάζεται το γεγονός της διάστασης και συγχρόνως της συμφιλίωσης του αρχαιοελληνισμού και του χριστιανισμού στο πεδίο της Τέχνης, μέσα από τις τρεις αισθητικές μελέτες του: Τέχνη και πολιτισμός στην αρχαία Ελλάδα, Βυζαντινή και ρωσική ζωγραφική και Η κληρονομιά του Αλεξάνδρου. Αν υπάρχει ένας κοινός παρονομαστής που συνδέει εξαρχής την αρχαία ελληνική τέχνη και τη βυζαντινή χριστιανική παράδοση, αυτός δεν είναι άλλος, κατά τον Παπαϊωάννου, παρά τα «υλικά» από τα οποία είναι καμωμένες οι αισθητικές αυτές δημιουργίες. Πρόκειται για την καθαρή ανθρωπικότητα και την απόλυτη θεϊκότητα, στοιχεία που —για τον διανοητή μας— θα συγχωνευτούν αβίαστα και αρμονικά από διαφορετικές αισθητικές «διαδρομές», τόσο στο αρχαιοελληνικό (αγαλμάτινο) σώμα όσο και στο βυζαντινό (εικονιστικό) πρόσωπο. Συγχρόνως, όμως, αμφότερα τα καλλιτεχνικά αυτά δημιουργήματα δε στερούνται τίποτε από τη βαθιά κοσμικότητα και τη μεγαλειώδη πνευματικότητα. Προς επίρρωση, επομένως, των παραπάνω συμπερασμάτων του νεοέλληνα φιλοσόφου, επιχειρώ τη σύνοψη των αισθητικών του παρατηρήσεων εντάσσοντας τες στα παρακάτω τρία χαρακτηριστικά σημεία: τον νατουραλισμό της αρχαιοελληνικής αισθητικής έναντι του μυστικισμού της ορθόδοξης εικόνας·  τον θεοειδή ουμανισμό του αρχαιοελληνικού ειδώλου έναντι του καθαγιασμένου ανθρωπισμού της εκκλησιαστικής αγιογραφίας· την απρόσωπη φύση των κλασικών αγαλμάτων έναντι της απόϊερωμένης όψης των βυζαντινών προσωπογραφιών.
Θεατροκρατία και επαναστατική μάζα κατά τον Κώστα Παπαϊωάννου
Authors: Κρανιδιώτης Γιώργος
Published: March 2023

Στην αρχαϊκή Αθήνα, κατά την πρώτη φάση της Δημοκρατικής Επανάστασης, ο Δήμος συμμετέχει ενεργητικά στην ιστορική ζωή της οργανωμένης κοινωνίας και ελέγχει τους φορείς της εξουσίας μέσω της ενθουσιαστικής του επικοινωνίας με τις αξίες που εκφράζει η τραγωδία. Την ενσωμάτωση της τραγωδίας στις υπεύθυνες λειτουργίες του κράτους ονομάζει ο Κώστας Παπαϊωάννου «θεατροκρατία». Τραγωδία και Δημοκρατία αναπτύσσονται παράλληλα και συγχρόνως, ως δύο αλληλοσυμπληρούμενες μορφές μιας ενιαίας στάσης απέναντι στην Ιστορία. Η θεατροκρατία ολοκληρώνει τη Δημοκρατία, γονιμοποιώντας την επαναστατική μάζα με ένα συνειδητό Νόημα και συγκροτώντας τη σε κοινότητα. Ο τραγικός Μύθος, διά του «πάθους-μάθους», υπερνικά το Μηδέν και φανερώνει την αιώνια —και απρόσβλητη από την ανθρώπινη Ύβρη— κοσμική τάξη: τη Δίκη.  Η Δίκη δεν συμβολίζει μόνο τη δικαστική εξουσία της ευνομούμενης πολιτείας ή την ανώτατη συντακτική αρχή της επαναστατικής δημοκρατίας, αλλά και τη μεταφυσική ενότητα του Σύμπαντος, τη δύναμη που σώζει το Ον από τις καταστροφικές κοσμικές συνέπειες των ανθρώπινων πράξεων.
How Does Anyone Change Belief about Anything?
Authors: Snoke David
Published: March 2023

The question of coming to faith, and leaving Christian faith, has become prominent in recent years, with much discussion of Christian “conversion” and “deconversion.” Some people seem to make sudden changes in their belief systems; are such changes fundamentally irrational, or can we understand them as the outcome of a rational (though perhaps tacit) thought process? In this paper, I present a model for how people change their minds about both minor and major beliefs, with elements from Thomas Kuhn’s model of “revolutions,” as well as input from the modern philosophy, psychology, and Christian theology. The main thesis of this paper is that people regularly go through revolutions of varying degrees of magnitude, which can be quite sudden, based on the buildup of tension due to lack of felt coherence in a previously-held view, compared to their perception of alternative views. Such a process is rational at its core.
Birth under restrictions: Exploring women's experiences of maternity care in Aotearoa New Zealand during the COVID-19 lockdown of 2020
Authors: Dixon Lesley , Jackson Talei , Tamati-Elliffe Jeanine , McAra-Couper Judith , Griffiths Christine , Miller Suzanne , Gilkison Andrea
Published: March 2023

Introduction: In Aotearoa New Zealand the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 resulted in a four-week lockdown in March and April of 2020 with ongoing restrictions for several weeks. Aim: To explore the experiences of women who were pregnant, giving birth and/or managing the early weeks of motherhood during the 2020 COVID-19 alert levels 3 and 4 in Aotearoa New Zealand. Method: This qualitative study used semi-structured interviews to explore childbirth experiences during the COVID-19 alert level restrictions. Reflexive, inductive, thematic analysis was used to identify codes, subthemes and themes. Findings: Seventeen women participated in the study. Analysis of the qualitative interviews revealed four themes. The first of these was: Relationship with my midwife, in which participants described the importance of the midwifery continuity of care relationship, with midwives often going above and beyond usual care and filling the gaps in service provision. In the Disruption to care theme the participants described feeling anxious and uncertain, with concerns about the hospital restrictions and changing rules. The participants also described their Isolation during postnatal care in a maternity facility due to separation from their partners/whānau; they describe receiving the bare necessities of care, feeling they were on their own, and working towards their release home; all of which took an emotional and mental toll. The final theme, Undisturbed space, describes the positive aspects of the lockdown of being undisturbed by visitors, being better able to bond with the baby and being able to breastfeed in peace. Conclusion: Midwifery continuity of care appears to have supported these women and their families/whānau during the service restrictions caused by the COVID-19 lockdown. The partner, or other primary support person, and whānau should be considered essential support and should not be excluded from early postpartum hospital care.
Najwyżej zatwierdzone rozporządzenie Komitetu Ministrów „W sprawie trybu cenzurowania rękopisów kazań wygłaszanych w kościołach rzymskokatolickich” jako instrument kontroli Kościoła rzymskokatolickiego w Imperium Rosyjskim
Authors: Huz Anton
Published: March 2023

THE HIGHEST APPROVED REGULATION OF THE COMMITTEE OF MINISTERS “ON THE PROCEDURE FOR CENSORING MANUSCRIPTS OF SERMONS PREACHED IN ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCHES” AS AN INSTRUMENT OF CONTROL OF THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH IN THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE
This article attempts to trace the Russian imperial policy towards the Roman Catholic Church through the lens of a normative and legal document from the times of the Russian Empire – the Highest Approved Regulation of the Committee of Ministers “On the procedure for censoring manuscripts of sermons preached in Roman Catholic churches”. This document established control of the Church by introducing censorship, and thus interfering with the process of preparing, censoring and approving sermons written by the Roman Catholic clergy.
Perspectives about language direction from signed language interpreters in the United States and Switzerland
Authors: Nicodemus Brenda , Lang Cassie , Haug Tobias
Published: March 2023

In the interpreting profession, the term language direction (or directionality) is used to describe interpreting from one’s native, dominant language (L1) into a second, non-dominant language (L2), or vice versa. Language direction has long been of interest to interpreting scholars in regards to the quality of the output. Spoken language interpreter educators have argued that high quality interpretations can only be produced when working from an L2 into an L1 (Nicodemus & Emmorey, 2013; Seleskovitch, 1978). Further, spoken language interpreters have reported a preference for working from their L2 into their L1 (Donovan, 2004). In contrast, signed language interpreters, particularly novices, report the opposite preference for language direction, that is, the majority indicate a preference to work from their L1 into their L2 (Nicodemus & Emmorey, 2013). Researchers have speculated about the factors underlying this direction asymmetry found between signed and spoken language interpreters; however, these speculations were not data based. In this study, we interviewed 20 experienced signed language interpreters in the U.S. and Switzerland to collect perspectives regarding signed language interpreters’ preference for L1-to-L2 interpreting. The data point to four factors having an influence on language direction: (a) language modality, (b) self-monitoring, (c) deaf consumers, and (d) psychological states. This study sheds further light on social, linguistic, and psychological factors that impact language direction preferences among signed language interpreters.
The application of consciousness-raising in teaching translation in a Vietnamese tertiary English language program
Authors: Nguyen Huong
Published: March 2023

The study explores the application of consciousness-raising (CR), an effective teaching method in language teaching, into teaching translation. In language teaching, CR involves an attempt to draw students’ attention to textual features. Studies present diverse evidence for the effectiveness of CR in language teaching. The current study incorporates CR in workshops on translation and investigates whether students are aware of specific aspects of the translation process after the workshops. The methodology was based on a contrastive examination of a qualitative analysis of students’ written and spoken reflections on the translation tasks and students’ translation solutions both before and after the workshops. The study demonstrated that after the workshops, the students commented on some text features that had been introduced which they had not expressed awareness of before the workshops. The students also showed an awareness of some translation strategies, such as foreignisation and domestication, that were taught during the workshops even though they did not use all of these when completing the post-workshop translation task. Students noticed and applied features that were less complex and more salient. This paper presents the practical implications of the study for translation material development and curriculum design within the research context as well as similar language programs.
Translation from the peripheries of world literature: The case of Khalid Khalifa’s Madīḥ Alkarāhiyya
Authors: Ihssan Zabadi Mohammad
Published: March 2023

Taking the translation of Khalid Khalifa’s 2006 novel مدیح الكر اھ یة [Madīḥ Alkarāhiyya] into English as a case study, this article examines the concept of translation from the periphery to the centre as a consecrating practice and as an avenue for cultural exchange between dominating and dominated literary fields. It draws on concepts from socionarrative theory and theories of paratext to examine the textual and peritextual framing strategies that Madīḥ Alkarāhiyya might have needed to undergo in order to move to the centre and obtain a permit for international circulation. Textual framing is examined through two strategies of selective appropriation of textual material, namely omission and lexical selectivity. Peritextual framing is examined through the powerful thresholds of peritextual devices crafted on the front and back covers of the published translation. A micro-level analysis of how the text has been translated, packaged, and circulated for the consumption of the Anglophone market showed that consecration and peripheralisation were indivisible practices. The translation of Madīḥ Alkarāhiyya was not as consecrating as one might have assumed. On the contrary, it was accompanied by a regressive counterweight that served to re-peripheralise the translated text when translation took place from peripheral to hypercentral languages. This poses a provocative challenge to the general conception of translation from the periphery as a consecrating practice and reveals the effects of power differentials within the circuits of cultural capital.
The Relationship Between Feeding Pattern and Measurements of Refraction in Preschool Children
Authors: KIRAN YENİCE Eşay , KARA Caner
Published: March 2023

Objective: To compare the effect of feeding human milk as opposed to formula and human milk on refractive error in preschool children aged 3 to 6 years.
Material and Methods: One hundred and seventy six eyes of 88 children were evaluated. According to the feeding pattern, the patients who fed only breast-fed were classified as Group I, and the patients who fed with combination of breast-fed and formula were classified as Group II. Results were retrospectively compared between groups.
Results: A total of 88 children undergone detailed ophthalmological examinations, of which 40 (45.5 %) were males and 48 (54.5 %) were females. Maternal birth age of 27.3% (n=24) of the children included in the study was over 30 years and birth weight of 96.6% (n=85) was over 2500 grams.
The mean ± standard deviation of the spherical, cylindrical and spherical equivalent (SE) values were 1.61±1.46 D; -0.98 ± 0.69 D and 1.12±1.43 D in group I and 1.00±2.57 D; -0.90 ± 0.81 D and 0.55 ± 2.72 D in group II, respectively (p=0.507 for spherical; p=0.299 for cylindrical and p=0.799 for SE). Although myopic refraction was less common in the breastfed group, there was no significant difference in myopic refraction between the groups (p= 0.507).
Conclusion: In conclusion, mean refractive error were different according to feeding pattern, but this study did not show significant differences between groups (p<0.050). There is a need to confirm this finding by performing more studies with a larger sample sizes.
Changing trend of peasant behavior in Russia during Stolypin's agrarian reform
Authors: Kuznetsov Dmitry V.
Published: March 2023

In this article, the authors aim to differentiate various categories of the peasantry according to the views on property to develop an optimal research approach that will allow for an objective and comprehensive analysis of the attitudes and behavior of the peasant population of Russia during the Stolypin course of agrarian policy pursued by the autocracy. The study shows the validity of using the peasantry's attitude to property as one of the key criteria for assessing the degree of efficiency of the Stolypin reform. The selected criterion allows one to show the evolution of this attitude depending on the social characteristics of a particular category of peasants. Any reform should be assessed from the standpoint of those whose interests are affected first. Property is one of the main guidelines that determine the position of a person in society and the world. Aimed at creating the stratum of steady owners in the village, P.A. Stolypin's reform frees the peasants from the petty fiscal and bureaucratic oversight of the state. As the peasantry realizes the seriousness of the government's intentions and possible prospects for the development of the economy, their attitude to the reform also changes. This change takes place along with the peasantry's realization that the state is interested in steady owners in the village. Those who can and want to be one, accept the reform with enthusiasm, others ultimately see in the reform an opportunity to shift the blame for their failure to the state.
A dignidade da pessoa humana e a audiência de custódia: uma reflexão a partir da exigência indiscriminada do uso de algemas no Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Bezerra Andre Augusto Salvador , Prado Daniella Alvarez
Published: March 2023

A realização de audiências de custódias nem sempre tem ocorrido de modo pertinente às suas finalidades de assegurar os direitos de pessoas presas. A partir de uma narrativa acerca da exigência do uso de algemas em um preso no Rio de Janeiro que sequer tinha as duas mãos, o artigo procura construir uma linha argumentativa no sentido da inclusão das audiências de custódia dentro do ordenamento jurídico pátrio como forma de observância concreta da dignidade da pessoa humana. Relatamos, mediante percurso histórico baseado em pesquisa bibliográfica, como a proteção à dignidade da pessoa humana foi normatizada e como tal princípio deve nortear todos os atos praticados sob o prisma de um Estado Democrático de Direito. Neste caminho, o artigo aponta que o uso indiscriminado da algema é a própria negação ao caráter de dignificação do ser humano dentro do ato jurídico de apresentação da pessoa presa ao Judiciário.
Vascular occlusion
Authors: Sen Julia
Published: March 2023

Adverse vascular events (AVEs) are unequivocally the most feared complication resulting from injection of dermal filler. The potentially life-changing consequences, which include tissue necrosis, scarring, blindness, stroke and even death, are not always understood by clients seeking aesthetic intervention; however, these events can occur, even in the most experienced hands and injectors must acknowledge that the risk is impossible to eliminate completely. Detailed history taking, careful patient selection, in -depth understanding of vascular anatomy (and its variability) and safe injection technique should be practi sed in order to minimi se risks; early diagnosis and immediate action taken when an AVE occur s and clients should be appropriately counselled as part of the informed consent process of this possibility in advance of their procedure.
The JCCP outlines its strategic priorities for public protection in 2023
Authors: Sines David
Published: March 2023

Professor David Sines discusses the Joint Council for Cosmetic Practitioners' public protection priorities for the upcoming year
Can AI help market your brand?
Authors: Ratcliffe Jason
Published: March 2023

Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) are changing how we refine and analyse content on the web. Can it be harnessed to help grow our brand? In this article, Jason Ratcliffe introduces two recently developed AI engines and how they can be applied to help us with our marketing campaigns
One-stage revision using intra-articular carbapenem infusion effectively treats chronic periprosthetic joint infection caused by Gram-negative organisms
Authors: Li Yicheng , Zhang Xiaogang , Ji Baochao , Wulamu Wuhuzi , Yushan Nuerailijiang , Guo Xiaobin , Cao Li
Published: March 2023

Aims

Gram-negative periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) has been poorly studied despite its rapidly increasing incidence. Treatment with one-stage revision using intra-articular (IA) infusion of antibiotics may offer a reasonable alternative with a distinct advantage of providing a means of delivering the drug in high concentrations. Carbapenems are regarded as the last line of defense against severe Gram-negative or polymicrobial infection. This study presents the results of one-stage revision using intra-articular carbapenem infusion for treating Gram-negative PJI, and analyzes the characteristics of bacteria distribution and drug sensitivity.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 32 patients (22 hips and 11 knees) who underwent single-stage revision combined with IA carbapenem infusion between November 2013 and March 2020. The IA and intravenous (IV) carbapenem infusions were administered for a single Gram-negative infection, and IV vancomycin combined with IA carbapenems and vancomycin was applied for polymicrobial infection including Gram-negative bacteria. The bacterial community distribution, drug sensitivity, infection control rate, functional recovery, and complications were evaluated. Reinfection or death caused by PJI was regarded as a treatment failure.

Results

Gram-negative PJI was mainly caused by Escherichia coli (8/34), Enterobacter cloacae (7/34), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (5/34). Seven cases (7/32) involved polymicrobial PJIs. The resistance rates of penicillin, cephalosporin, quinolones, and sulfonamides were > 10%, and all penicillin and partial cephalosporins (first and second generation) were > 30%. Of 32 cases, treatment failed to eradicate infection in only three cases (9.4%), at a mean follow-up of 55.1 months (SD 25 to 90). The mean postoperative Harris Hip Score and Hospital for Special Surgery knee score at the most recent follow-up were 81 (62 to 91) and 79 (56 to 89), respectively. One patient developed a fistula, and another presented with a local rash on an infected joint.

Conclusion

The use of IA carbapenem delivered alongside one-stage revision effectively controlled Gram-negative infection and obtained acceptable clinical outcomes with few complications. Notably, first- and second-generation cephalosporins and penicillin should be administrated with caution, due to a high incidence of resistance.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2023;105-B(3):284–293.
Metabolic equivalent of task scores avoid the ceiling effect observed with conventional patient-reported outcome scores following knee arthroplasty
Authors: Patel Arjun , Edwards Thomas C. , Jones Gareth , Liddle Alexander D. , Cobb Justin , Garner Amy
Published: March 2023

Aims

The metabolic equivalent of task (MET) score examines patient performance in relation to energy expenditure before and after knee arthroplasty. This study assesses its use in a knee arthroplasty population in comparison with the widely used Oxford Knee Score (OKS) and EuroQol five-dimension index (EQ-5D), which are reported to be limited by ceiling effects.

Methods

A total of 116 patients with OKS, EQ-5D, and MET scores before, and at least six months following, unilateral primary knee arthroplasty were identified from a database. Procedures were performed by a single surgeon between 2014 and 2019 consecutively. Scores were analyzed for normality, skewness, kurtosis, and the presence of ceiling/floor effects. Concurrent validity between the MET score, OKS, and EQ-5D was assessed using Spearman’s rank.

Results

Postoperatively the OKS and EQ-5D demonstrated negative skews in distribution, with high kurtosis at six months and one year. The OKS demonstrated a ceiling effect at one year (15.7%) postoperatively. The EQ-5D demonstrated a ceiling effect at six months (30.2%) and one year (39.8%) postoperatively. The MET score did not demonstrate a skewed distribution or ceiling effect either at six months or one year postoperatively. Weak-moderate correlations were noted between the MET score and conventional scores at six months and one year postoperatively.

Conclusion

In contrast to the OKS and EQ-5D, the MET score was normally distributed postoperatively with no ceiling effect. It is worth consideration as an arthroplasty outcome measure, particularly for patients with high expectations.

Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2023;4(3):129–137.
Oxford hip and knee scores deteriorate in patients awaiting lower limb arthroplasty during the COVID-19 pandemic and predict a health state ‘worse than death’
Authors: Clark Jack O. , Razii Nima , Lee Sze W. J. , Grant Stephen J. , Davison Martin J. , Bailey Oliver
Published: March 2023

Aims

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused unprecedented disruption to elective orthopaedic services. The primary objective of this study was to examine changes in functional scores in patients awaiting total hip arthroplasty (THA), total knee arthroplasty (TKA), and unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). Secondary objectives were to investigate differences between these groups and identify those in a health state ‘worse than death’ (WTD).

Methods

In this prospective cohort study, preoperative Oxford hip and knee scores (OHS/OKS) were recorded for patients added to a waiting list for THA, TKA, or UKA, during the initial eight months of the COVID-19 pandemic, and repeated at 14 months into the pandemic (mean interval nine months (SD 2.84)). EuroQoL five-dimension five-level health questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L) index scores were also calculated at this point in time, with a negative score representing a state WTD. OHS/OKS were analyzed over time and in relation to the EQ-5D-5L.

Results

A total of 174 patients (58 THA, 74 TKA, 42 UKA) were eligible, after 27 were excluded (one died, seven underwent surgery, 19 non-responders). The overall mean OHS/OKS deteriorated from 15.43 (SD 6.92), when patients were added to the waiting list, to 11.77 (SD 6.45) during the pandemic (p < 0.001). There were significantly worse EQ-5D-5L index scores in the THA group (p = 0.005), with 22 of these patients (38%) in a health state WTD, than either the TKA group (20 patients; 27% WTD), or the UKA group (nine patients; 21% WTD). A strong positive correlation between the EQ-5D-5L index score and OHS/OKS was observed (r = 0.818; p < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that an OHS/OKS lower than nine predicted a health state WTD (88% sensitivity and 73% specificity).

Conclusion

OHS/OKS deteriorated significantly among patients awaiting lower limb arthroplasty during the COVID-19 pandemic. Overall, 51 patients were in a health state WTD, representing 29% of our entire cohort, which is considerably worse than existing pre-pandemic data.

Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2023;4(3):138–145.
Hybrid framework for single-pointer meter identification
Authors: Xiao Zhenyuan , Chen Weixiang , Xu Guili
Published: March 2023

Automated identification of single-pointer meter identification in substations is widely used in the construction of digital substations and it must accurately identify the value of the pointer meter. Current single-pointer meter identification methods are not universally applicable and can only identify one type of meter. In this study, we present a hybrid framework for single-pointer meter identification. First, the input image of the single-pointer meter is modeled to gain a priori knowledge, including the template image, dial position information, the pointer template image, and scale value positions. Based on a convolutional neural network to generate the input image and the template image feature points, image alignment is then applied through a feature point match to mitigate slight changes in the camera angle. Next, a pixel loss-free method of arbitrary point image rotation correction is presented for rotation template matching. Finally, by rotating the input gray mask image of the dial and matching it to the pointer template to get the optimal rotation angle, the meter value is calculated. The experimental findings demonstrate the method’s effectiveness in identifying nine different types of single-pointer meters in substations with various ambient illuminations. This study provides a feasible reference for substations to identify the value of different types of single-pointer meters.
Compact, broadband, and low-loss power splitters using MZI based on Bézier bends
Authors: Papadovasilakis Marios , Chandran Sujith , Gebregiorgis Yonas , Taha Ayat M. , Sharma Kanhaya , Bian Yusheng , Rakowski Michal , Augur Rod , Viegas Jaime
Published: March 2023

We experimentally demonstrate wavelength-independent couplers (WICs) based on an asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) on a monolithic silicon-photonics platform in a commercial, 300-mm, CMOS foundry. We compare the performance of splitters based on MZIs consisting of circular and 3rd order (cubic) Bézier bends. A semi-analytical model is constructed in order to accurately calculate each device’s response based on their specific geometry. The model is successfully tested via 3D-FDTD simulations and experimental characterization. The obtained experimental results demonstrate uniform performance across different wafer sites for various target splitting ratios. We also confirm the superior performance of the Bézier bend-based structure, compared to the circular bend-based structure both in terms of insertion loss (0.14 dB), and performance consistency throughout different wafer dies. The maximum deviation of the optimal device’s splitting ratio is 0.6%, over a wavelength span of 100 nm. Moreover, the devices have a compact footprint of 36.3 × 3.8 μm2.
56-fs diode-pumped SESAM mode-locked Yb:YAl3(BO3)4 laser
Authors: Zeng Huang-Jun , Lin Zhang-Lang , Petrov Valentin , Loiko Pavel , Chen Yujin , Huang Yidong , Zhang Ge , Mateos Xavier , Xue Wen-Ze , Lin Haifeng , Wang Li , Chen Weidong
Published: March 2023

We report on the first sub-60 fs pulse generated from a diode-pumped SESAM mode-locked Yb-laser based on a non-centrosymmetric Yb:YAl3(BO3)4 crystal as a gain medium. In the continuous-wave regime, pumping with a spatially single-mode, fiber-coupled 976 nm InGaAs laser diode, the Yb:YAl3(BO3)4 laser generated 391 mW at 1041.7 nm with a slope efficiency as high as 65.1%, and a wavelength tuning across 59 nm (1019 to 1078 nm) was achieved. By implementing a commercial SESAM to initiate and sustain the soliton type mode-locking, and using only a 1 mm-thick laser crystal, the Yb:YAl3(BO3)4 laser delivered pulses as short as 56 fs at a central wavelength of 1044.6 nm with an average output power of 76 mW at a pulse repetition rate of ∼67.55 MHz. To the best of our knowledge, this result represents the shortest pulses ever achieved from Yb:YAB crystal.
Dual electro-optic frequency comb photonic thermometry
Authors: Fleisher Adam J. , Ahmed Zeeshan , Herman Tobias , Hartings Matthew R.
Published: March 2023

We report a precision realization of photonic thermometry using dual-comb spectroscopy to interrogate a π-phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating. We achieve readout stability of 7.5 mK at 1 s and resolve temperature changes of similar magnitude—sufficient for most industrial applications. Our dual-comb approach enables rapid sensing of dynamic temperature, and our scalable and reconfigurable electro-optic generation scheme enables a broad sensing range without laser tuning. Reproducibility on the International Temperature Scale of 1990 is tested, and ultimately limited by the frequency reference and check-thermometer stability. Our demonstration opens the door for a universal interrogator deployable to multiple photonic devices in parallel to potentially unravel complex multi-physical quantity measurements.
Deep learning empowered highly compressive SS-OCT via learnable spectral–spatial sub-sampling
Authors: Ling Yuye , Dong Zhenxing , Li Xueshen , Gan Yu , Su Yikai
Published: March 2023

With the rapid advances of light source technology, the A-line imaging rate of swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) has experienced a great increase in the past three decades. The bandwidths of data acquisition, data transfer, and data storage, which can easily reach several hundred megabytes per second, have now been considered major bottlenecks for modern SS-OCT system design. To address these issues, various compression schemes have been previously proposed. However, most of the current methods focus on enhancing the capability of the reconstruction algorithm and can only provide a data compression ratio (DCR) up to 4 without impairing the image quality. In this Letter, we proposed a novel design paradigm, in which the sub-sampling pattern for interferogram acquisition is jointly optimized with the reconstruction algorithm in an end-to-end manner. To validate the idea, we retrospectively apply the proposed method on an ex vivo human coronary optical coherence tomography (OCT) dataset. The proposed method could reach a maximum DCR of ∼62.5 with peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of 24.2 dB, while a DCR of ∼27.78 could yield a visually pleasant image with a PSNR of ∼24.6 dB. We believe the proposed system could be a viable remedy for the ever-growing data issue in SS-OCT.
Absorption peak wavelength and bandwidth control in MoS2-based absorbers on the basis of SPPs and LSPs excitation
Authors: Hashemi Mahdieh , Ansari Narges , Vazayefi Mahsa
Published: March 2023

The nanometer-sized absorber that we introduced in this paper consists of a monolayer of atomically thin MoS2 on a silica substrate covered by inclined gold gratings. By selecting the period of the gold grating of the order of the incident light wavelength, both surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and localized surface plasmons (LSPs) can be excited in the structure at the visible spectrum. By selecting different values of the gold ribbon’s widths, we show that the excited modes can be adjusted to SPPs, LSPs, or SPPs and LSPs together. With the excitation of SPPs, the narrowband absorption peak wavelength, and with the excitation of LSPs, the FWHM of the absorption peak can be adjusted by the ribbon’s geometry parameters. In the case of simultaneous excitation of SPPs and LSPs, by increasing the ribbons’ inclination, the LSP peaks will redshift, while the SPP peaks blueshift, which leads to wider absorption peaks. The effect of increasing the ribbons’ height is opposite to that of the ribbons’ inclination, which is accompanied by the SPP peak red shift and LSP peak blue shift. This way, the more the height of the ribbons, the less the absorption peak bandwidth is. This paper’s results are a promising guide for designing plasmonic absorbers with desired bandwidths and peak wavelengths, which are widely demanded in designing photovoltaics and photonic sensors.