bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validation and scale‐up of plasmid DNA purification by phenyl‐boronic acid chromatography
Authors: Gomes A. Gabriela , Azevedo Ana M. , Aires‐Barros M. Raquel , Prazeres D. Miguel F.
Published: November 2012

This study addresses the feasibility of scaling‐up the removal of host cell impurities from plasmid DNA (pDNA)‐containing Escherichia coli lysates by phenyl‐boronic (PB) acid chromatography using columns packed with 7.6 and 15.2 cm3 of controlled porous glass beads (CPG) derivatized with PB ligands. Equilibration was performed with water at 10 cm3/min and no conditioning of the lysate feed was required. At a ratio of lysate feed to adsorbent volume of 1.3, 93–96% of pDNA was recovered in the flow through while 66–71% of impurities remained bound (∼2.5‐fold purification). The entire sequence of loading, washing, elution, and re‐equilibration was completed in 20 min. Run‐to‐run consistency was observed in terms of chromatogram features and performance (yield, purification factor, agarose electrophoresis) across the different amounts of adsorbent (0.75–15.2 cm3) by performing successive injections of lysates prepared independently and containing 3.7 or 6.1 kbp plasmids. The column productivity at large scale was 4 dm3 of alkaline lysate per hour per dm3 of PB‐CPG resin. The method is rapid, reproducible, simple, and straightforward to scale‐up. Furthermore, it is capable of handling heavily contaminated samples, constituting a good alternative to purification techniques such as isopropanol precipitation, aqueous two‐phase systems, and tangential flow filtration.
Structure and Substance in Artificial‐phonology Learning, Part I: Structure
Authors: Moreton Elliott , Pater Joe
Published: November 2012

Artificial analogues of natural‐language phonological patterns can often be learned in the lab from small amounts of training or exposure. The difficulty of a featurally‐defined pattern has been hypothesized to be affected by two main factors, its formal structure (the abstract logical configuration of the defining features) and its phonetic substance (the concrete phonetic interpretation of the pattern). This paper, the first of a two‐part series, reviews the experimental literature on structural effects. The principal finding is a robust complexity effect: Patterns which depend on more features are reliably harder to learn.
On the Flame Resistance Behavior of PP/PET Blends in the Presence of Nanoclay and a Halogen‐Free Flame Retardant
Authors: Entezam Mehdi , Khonakdar Hossein Ali , Yousefi Ali Akbar
Published: November 2012

The flame retardancy behavior of PP/PET blends containing organoclay and a halogen‐free flame retardant is explored. The morphological analysis reveals that the clays are mainly localized in PET bulk phase. The rheological analysis shows that the clay network structure is maintained in both PP‐rich and PET‐rich blends. The localization of clays in PET matrix exhibits a stronger impact on the rheological properties. Based on TGA it is found that the clays of network‐like structure in the blends are only capable of improving the thermal stability of the PET‐rich blend. In the same way, a higher efficiency of flame retardancy of the clays is observed for the PET‐rich blend using the cone‐calorimetry test, as compared to the PP‐rich blend.
Note on the Serre‐Swan theorem
Authors: Morye Archana S.
Published: November 2012

We determine a class of ringed spaces,\documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$(X,\mathcal {O}_{X})$\end{document}for which the category of locally free sheaves of bounded rank overXis equivalent to the category of finitely generated projective\documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\Gamma ({X},{\mathcal {O}_{X}})$\end{document}‐modules. The well‐known Serre‐Swan theorems for affine schemes, differentiable manifolds, Stein spaces, etc., are then derived.
Simultaneous approximation by Bernstein operators in Hölder norms
Authors: Gonska Heiner , Prestin Jürgen , Tachev Gancho , Zhou Ding‐xuan
Published: November 2012

In this paper we discuss approximation of continuous functions f on [0, 1] in Hölder norms including simultaneous approximation of derivatives of f.
The approximation properties via the Grothendieck p‐compact sets
Authors: Kim Ju Myung
Published: November 2012

A stronger form of compactness, which is due to Grothendieck's criterion of compact sets in Banach spaces, generates an approximation property which is formally weaker than the classical approximation property. In the paper, we investigate this approximation property in a more general setting.
Assessment of the safety of maslinic acid, a bioactive compound from Olea europaeaL.
Authors: Sánchez‐González Marta , Lozano‐Mena Glòria , Juan M. Emília , García‐Granados Andrés , Planas Joana M.
Published: November 2012

Scope

Maslinic acid, the main pentacyclic triterpene of the cuticle of Olea europaea L. fruit, has multiple beneficial effects on health, most notably antitumor and hypoglycemic properties. Notwithstanding the biological activities, there is a lack of knowledge about its safety. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate whether high doses of maslinic acid have harmful effects on Swiss CD‐1 male mice.

Methods and results

The single oral administration of the pentacyclic triterpene at 1000 mg/kg to mice did not produce any signs of morbidity or mortality. The repeated daily oral administration of 50 mg/kg of maslinic acid for 28 days did not induce any sign of toxicity during the experimental period. Body weight did not differ between mice that received the triterpene and the control group. Similarly, hematological and biochemical variables were not affected by the treatment. Histopathologic examination of the organs revealed that there were no differences between the control and the treated mice.

Conclusion

Taken together the results obtained from the acute and the repeated intake of maslinic acid indicate that the compound does not exert any adverse effects on the variables tested in mice, thus suggesting a sufficient margin of safety for its putative use as a nutraceutical.
Glycobioinformatics: Current strategies and tools for data mining in MS‐based glycoproteomics
Authors: Li Feng , Glinskii Olga V. , Glinsky Vladislav V.
Published: November 2012

Glycobioinformatics is a rapidly developing field providing a vital support for MS‐based glycoproteomics research. Recent advances in MS greatly increased technological capabilities for high throughput glycopeptide analysis. However, interpreting MS output, in terms of identifying glycan structures, attachment sites and glycosylation linkages still presents multiple challenges. Here, we discuss current strategies used in MS‐based glycoproteomics and bioinformatics tools available for MS‐based glycopeptide and glycan analysis. We also provide a brief overview of recent efforts in glycobioinformatics such as the new initiative UniCarbKB directed toward developing more comprehensive and unified glycobioinformatics platforms. With regards to glycobioinformatics tools and applications, we do not express our personal preferences or biases, but rather focus on providing a concise description of main features and functionalities of each application with the goal of assisting readers in making their own choices and identifying and locating glycobioinformatics tools most suitable for achieving their experimental objectives.
Occupational stress and its association with early retirement and subjective need for occupational rehabilitation in cancer patients
Authors: Böttcher Hilke M. , Steimann Monika , Rotsch Martin , Zurborn Karl‐Heinz , Koch Uwe , Bergelt Corinna
Published: November 2012

Objective

Returning to work often plays an important role for cancer survivors. Occupational stress may hamper a successful return to work, so cancer survivors should be given the opportunity to address occupational stress issues before returning to work. We investigated the amount of occupational stress among cancer patients and whether it is associated with their well‐being, their subjective need for occupational rehabilitation and elevations in their risk of early retirement.

Methods

At the beginning of rehabilitation, we asked cancer patients to respond to occupation‐related and health‐related questionnaires. We used t‐tests, chi‐square tests, and logistic regression analyses to address our research questions.

Results

A total of 477 patients participated in the study. Of these, 19% were occupationally stressed, and 26% reported subjective need for occupational rehabilitation. Patients who reported work‐related stress had a diminished quality of life, were more likely to report subjective need for occupational rehabilitation (OR = 2.16), and had a higher risk of early retirement (OR = 5.44). Furthermore, cancer patients reported deficits in both active coping abilities and mental stability at work.

Conclusions

Because occupational stress is associated with a higher risk of early retirement, both patients and physicians should take work‐related problems seriously. Screening patients for occupational stress may help physicians identify patients who are at risk of experiencing problematic work re‐entries. Furthermore, the results of the study suggest that cancer patients might have problems maintaining confidence in their abilities to solve work‐related problems. Therefore, facilitating the development of a perception of self‐efficacy might be an important treatment goal. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering Performance of Individual Gold Nanoflowers and Their Application in Live Cell Imaging
Authors: Li Qi , Jiang Yuanyuan , Han Rongcheng , Zhong Xiaolan , Liu Siyun , Li Zhi‐Yuan , Sha Yinlin , Xu Dongsheng
Published: November 2012

Molecular imaging techniques based on surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) face a lack of reproducibility and reliability, thus hampering its practical application. Flower‐like gold nanoparticles have strong SERS enhancement performance due to having plenty of hot‐spots on their surfaces, and this enhancement is not dependent on the aggregation of the particles. These features make this kind of particle an ideal SERS substrate to improve the reproducibility in SERS imaging. Here, the SERS properties of individual flower‐like gold nanoparticles are systematically investigated. The measurements reveal that the enhancement of a single gold nanoparticle is independent of the polarization of the excitation laser with an enhancement factor as high as 108. After capping with Raman signal molecules and folic acid, the gold nanoflowers show strong Raman signal in the living cells, excellent targeting properties, and a high signal‐to‐noise ratio for SERS imaging.
Lattice Deformation and Domain Distortion in the Self‐Assembly of Block Copolymer Thin Films on Chemical Patterns
Authors: Xu Ji , Russell Thomas P. , Checco Antonio
Published: November 2012

The self‐assembly of cylinder‐forming block copolymer (BCP) microdomains confined within chemical stripe patterns of widths incommensurate with the natural period of the copolymers, L0, is studied. It is shown that this incommensurability causes changes in both the shapes of the microdomains and their spatial period. Specifically, a transition from n to n + 1 rows of microdomains is observed when the stripe width is about n ± 1/2 L0. When the stripe's width is comparable to L0, ellipticity of microdomains can be induced with an aspect ratio up to 2.2. Free energy models are applied to describe the energetic origin of such behavior. Although our observations qualitatively resemble results in sphere‐forming BCPs confined in topographical trenches, the quantitative difference is noteworthy and technologically important for the design of nanostructures with programmable shapes.
Semiparametric discriminant analysis for mixture populations
Authors: Dutta Subhajit , Chaudhuri Probal
Published: November 2012

Mahalanobis distance and Fisher's linear discriminant analysis are fundamentally related to each other, and both the ideas have been extensively used in the classification literature. Fisher's linear and quadratic discriminant functions are known to possess Bayes risk optimality when the class distributions are Gaussian. However, they may have poor performance when the assumption of Gaussianity is violated, and the class boundaries for different populations have complex geometric shapes. In such situations, many standard nonparametric classifiers also have high misclassification rates when the data dimension is large due to the curse of dimensionality that affects such nonparametric methods. In this article, we derive an expression for the Bayes classifier when the class distributions are finite mixtures of elliptic distributions. The Bayes classifier turns out to be a function of the Mahalanobis distances of a data point from different sub‐populations within a mixture population. We use this to develop and investigate a semi‐parametric classification procedure, which is named as SPARC (SemiPARametric Classification), and we demonstrate its performance on simulated and real benchmark data sets. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fetal cardiac catheterization using a percutaneous transhepatic access technique: preliminary experience in a lamb model
Authors: Edwards A. , Menahem S. , Veldman A. , Schranz D. , Chan Y. , Nitsos I. , Wong F.
Published: November 2012

Objectives

Human fetal cardiac intervention has hitherto typically involved a percutaneous transventricular approach. In fetal lambs, a transhepatic approach to access the fetal intra‐abdominal veins after exteriorization of the uterus by laparotomy has been described. We aimed to develop a percutaneous transhepatic technique for catheterization of the fetal heart at mid‐gestation that avoids maternal laparotomy.

Methods

In 10 fetal lambs (90–97 days' gestation), access to the fetal venous system was attempted by percutaneous puncture with a 5‐F sheath into the umbilical vein (n = 1) or a 16‐gauge IV‐catheter into the hepatic vein (n = 9). This was followed by cardiac catheterization using a 1.8–2.6‐F tapered coronary catheter. Euthanasia and postmortem examination were performed immediately postprocedure in two cases, or after normal term delivery in the remaining cases that survived the procedure.

Results

In one case fetal position precluded procedural attempts, and in another, the fetus, accessed by a 5‐F sheath, died from umbilical hemorrhage. In eight cases, access to the fetal hepatic vein was achieved. In seven of these cases, the access catheter was advanced into the inferior vena cava, followed by catheterization of the right atrium (all cases) and four cardiac chambers (three cases). One fetus died during cardiac catheterization owing to right ventricle perforation, and the other seven fetuses were alive at the end of the procedure (87.5% survival). Immediate postmortem after euthanasia in two of the fetuses that survived the procedure detected intraperitoneal bleeding (4 mL and 20 mL), while postnatal postmortem examination following uneventful delivery at term in the remaining five fetuses revealed no vascular or cardiac trauma.

Conclusions

Ultrasound‐guided percutaneous transhepatic cardiac catheterization is feasible in mid‐gestational fetal sheep. This technique has the potential for translation into human fetal cardiac and circulatory interventions. Copyright © 2013 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Russia's Lost Position in Central Eurasia
Authors: Spechler Martin C. , Spechler Dina R.
Published: November 2012

Post-Soviet Russia has had the will to dominate its neighbors, but it no longer has the capability. Its Central Eurasian neighbors are much stronger and more confident about their independence, and Russia's influence is being effectively challenged there by China, the West, and the democratic economies of Asia. Unable to modernize its economy and armed forces, Russia has failed to achieve most of the main objectives (excluding NATO, regaining trade exclusivity, ending drug, arms, and terrorist infiltration) it has set for itself in the “near abroad.” In view of Russia's admitted weakness and its excessive reliance on oil and gas exports, some of its leaders favor redirecting its efforts to improving relations with the West. Aside from Central Asia, where Russia is cooperating with NATO in combating extreme Islamists operating in Afghanistan, Russia is trying to establish an Eurasian customs union with Kazakhstan and Belarus. But relations with most of the others have deteriorated to some degree in recent years.
Interactions between transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and pharmacological interventions in the Major Depressive Episode: Findings from a naturalistic study
Authors: Brunoni A.R. , Ferrucci R. , Bortolomasi M. , Scelzo E. , Boggio P.S. , Fregni F. , Dell’Osso B. , Giacopuzzi M. , Altamura A.C. , Priori A.
Published: November 2012

Background:

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive, neuromodulatory technique with an emerging role for treating major depression.

Objective:

To investigate the interactions between tDCS and drug therapy in unipolar and bipolar depressed patients who were refractory for at least one pharmacological treatment.

Methods:

This was a naturalistic study using data from 54 female and 28 male patients (mean age of 54 years) that consecutively visited our psychiatric unit. They received active tDCS (five consecutive days, 2 mA, anodal stimulation over the left and cathodal over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, twice a day, 20 minutes). The outcome variable (mood) was evaluated using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). Predictor variables were age, gender, disorder and pharmacological treatment (seven dummy variables). We performed univariate and multivariate analyses as to identify predictors associated to the outcome.

Results:

After 5 days of treatment, BDI and HDRS scores decreased significantly (29% ± 36%, 18% ± 9%, respectively, P < 0.01 for both). Benzodiazepine use was independently associated with a worse outcome in both univariate (β = 4.92, P < 0.01) and multivariate (β = 5.8, P < 0.01) analyses; whereas use of dual-reuptake inhibitors positively changed tDCS effects in the multivariate model (β = –4.7, P = 0.02). A similar trend was observed for tricyclics (β = –4, P = 0.06) but not for antipsychotics, non-benzodiazepine anticonvulsants and other drugs.

Conclusion:

tDCS over the DLPFC acutely improved depressive symptoms. Besides the inherent limitations of our naturalistic design, our results suggest that tDCS effects might vary according to prior pharmacological treatment, notably benzodiazepines and some antidepressant classes. This issue should be further explored in controlled studies.
TOMM40 intron 6 poly‐T length, age at onset, and neuropathology of AD in individuals with APOE ɛ3/ɛ3
Authors: Li Ge , Bekris Lynn M. , Leong Lesley , Steinbart Ellen J. , Shofer Jane B. , Crane Paul K. , Larson Eric B. , Peskind Elaine R. , Bird Thomas D. , Yu Chang‐En
Published: November 2012

Background

This study investigates the association between TOMM40 poly‐T length, age at onset, and neuropathology in individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) with the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ3/ɛ3 allele.

Methods

Thirty‐two presenilin 1 (PSEN1) mutation carriers with AD, 27 presenilin 2 (PSEN2) mutation carriers with AD, 59 participants with late‐onset AD (LOAD), and 168 autopsied subjects from a community‐based cohort were genotyped for TOMM40 intron 6 poly‐T (rs10524523) length using short tandem repeat assays.

Results

Among AD individuals with PSEN2 mutations, the presence of a long poly‐T was associated with an earlier age at onset, whereas there were no such associations for subjects with PSEN1 mutations or LOAD. In community‐based participants, the presence of a long poly‐T was associated with increased neuritic tangles and a greater likelihood of pathologically diagnosed AD.

Conclusion

TOMM40 intron 6 poly‐T length may explain some of the variation in age at onset in PSEN2 familial AD and may be associated with AD neuropathology in persons with APOE ɛ3/ɛ3.
Travel Industry Economics
Authors: Vogel Harold L.
Published: November 2012

Each year, people around the world spend well over one trillion dollars on travel and tourism, making this sector the world's largest, with employment of 300 million people, one-tenth of the global workforce. In this book Harold L. Vogel examines the business economics and investment aspects of major industry components that include airlines, hotels, casinos, amusement and theme parks, and tourism. The result is a concise, up-to-date reference guide for financial analysts, economists, industry executives, legislators, regulators and journalists interested in the economics, financing and marketing of travel-related goods and services. The new edition expands coverage to airport management, Asian gaming, recreational resorts, restaurants, private jet services and advertising. Sections on the pricing and availability of oil and public policy issues such as antitrust and predation have also been added. A glossary, timeline diagrams and technical appendices enhance the book's appeal as a reference tool.
Imagined Democracies
Authors: Ezrahi Yaron
Published: November 2012

This book proposes a revisionist approach to democratic politics. Yaron Ezrahi focuses on the creative unconscious collective imagination that generates ever-changing visions of legitimate power and authority, which compete for enactment and institutionalization in the political arena. If, in the past, political authority was grounded in fictions such as the divine right of kings, the laws of nature, historical determinism and scientism, today the space of democratic politics is filled with multiple alternative social imaginaries of the desirable political order. Exposure to electronic mass media has made contemporary democratic publics more aware that credible popular fictions have greater impact on shaping our political realities than do rational social choices or moral arguments. The pressing political question in contemporary democracy is, therefore, how to select and enact political fictions that promote peace and how to found the political order on checks and balances between alternative political imaginaries of freedom and justice.
Reinhold Niebuhr and His Circle of Influence
Authors: Rice Daniel F.
Published: November 2012

Reinhold Niebuhr, the prominent American theologian, was one of the few religious figures who had a significant impact on the broader society outside the theological community in the United States during the twentieth century. Niebuhr's influence was most pronounced among those associated with historical studies and politics. This book presents Niebuhr in dialogue with seven individuals who each had a major influence on American life: the theologian Paul Tillich, philosopher/educator John Dewey, socialist Norman Thomas, historian Arthur Schlesinger, Jr, international political theorist Hans Morganthau, diplomat George Kennan and Supreme Court Justice Felix Frankfurter. Through a detailed examination of Niebuhr's interactions with these figures, Daniel F. Rice's study offers a survey of mid-twentieth-century theology, political thought and culture.
Digital Logic Design
Authors: Even Guy , Medina Moti
Published: November 2012

This textbook, based on the author's fifteen years of teaching, is a complete teaching tool for turning students into logic designers in one semester. Each chapter describes new concepts, giving extensive applications and examples. Assuming no prior knowledge of discrete mathematics, the authors introduce all background in propositional logic, asymptotics, graphs, hardware and electronics. Important features of the presentation are:
• All material is presented in full detail. Every designed circuit is formally specified and implemented, the correctness of the implementation is proved, and the cost and delay are analyzed
• Algorithmic solutions are offered for logical simulation, computation of propagation delay and minimum clock period
• Connections are drawn from the physical analog world to the digital abstraction
• The language of graphs is used to describe formulas and circuits
• Hundreds of figures, examples and exercises enhance understanding.
The extensive website (http://www.eng.tau.ac.il/~guy/Even-Medina/) includes teaching slides, links to Logisim and a DLX assembly simulator.
The Theory of Hardy's Z-Function
Authors: Ivić Aleksandar
Published: November 2012

Hardy's Z-function, related to the Riemann zeta-function ζ(s), was originally utilised by G. H. Hardy to show that ζ(s) has infinitely many zeros of the form ½+it. It is now amongst the most important functions of analytic number theory, and the Riemann hypothesis, that all complex zeros lie on the line ½+it, is perhaps one of the best known and most important open problems in mathematics. Today Hardy's function has many applications; among others it is used for extensive calculations regarding the zeros of ζ(s). This comprehensive account covers many aspects of Z(t), including the distribution of its zeros, Gram points, moments and Mellin transforms. It features an extensive bibliography and end-of-chapter notes containing comments, remarks and references. The book also provides many open problems to stimulate readers interested in further research.
African Politics in Comparative Perspective
Authors: Hyden Goran
Published: November 2012

This revised and expanded second edition of African Politics in Comparative Perspective reviews fifty years of research on politics in Africa and addresses some issues in a new light, keeping in mind the changes in Africa since the first edition was written in 2004. The book synthesizes insights from different scholarly approaches and offers an original interpretation of the knowledge accumulated in the field. Goran Hyden discusses how research on African politics relates to the study of politics in other regions and mainstream theories in comparative politics. He focuses on such key issues as why politics trumps economics, rule is personal, state is weak and policies are made with a communal rather than an individual lens. The book also discusses why in the light of these conditions agriculture is problematic, gender contested, ethnicity manipulated and relations with Western powers a matter of defiance.
Literacy in Early Childhood and Primary Education
Authors: McLachlan Claire , Nicholson Tom , Fielding-Barnsley Ruth , Mercer Louise , Ohi Sarah
Published: November 2012

Literacy in Early Childhood and Primary Education provides a comprehensive introduction to literacy teaching and learning. The book explores the continuum of literacy learning and children's transitions from early childhood settings to junior primary classrooms and then to senior primary and beyond. Reader-friendly and accessible, this book equips pre-service teachers with the theoretical underpinnings and practical strategies to teach literacy. It places the 'reading wars' firmly in the past as it examines contemporary research and practices. The book covers important topics such as assessment, multiliteracies, reading difficulties and diverse classrooms. Each chapter includes learning objectives, reflective questions and definitions of key terms to engage and assist readers. Written by an expert author team and featuring real-world examples from literacy teachers and learners, the book will help pre-service teachers feel confident teaching literacy to diverse age groups and abilities.
Financial Strain and Loss of Psychosocial Benefits of Work Mediate the Relationship between Sickness Absence and Depression among People with Work Disability
Authors: Sutton Julie P. , Dunstan Debra A.
Published: November 2012

This study examined the relationship between sickness absence from work, loss of the benefits of employment, and depression in injured workers. A sample of 112 clients of Australian occupational rehabilitation service providers were the participants: (men = 56; women = 56; mean age = 45.25 years, SD = 10.34). Each had a chronic (>3 months) work-related musculoskeletal injury; 49% were sickness absent (n = 55) and 51% were partially fit and performing modified duties (n = 57). All completed self-report measures of the nature and duration of sickness absence, access to the benefits of employment, and severity of depression symptoms. Bootstrapping mediational analyses found that the relationship between duration of sickness absence and depression was fully mediated by financial strain and psychosocial benefits of employment. Financial strain was also the strongest predictor of depression in circumstances of sickness absence, but collective purpose was the strongest predictor when modified duties were being performed. These findings support injury management policies aimed at minimising injured workers' social and physical separation from the workplace and assisting sickness absent workers to maintain connections with their work team.
Influences of Chronic Pain on Proximal Job Retention Outcomes: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Issa Hanna , Mpofu Elias , Brock Kaye , Crystal Ralph R. , Lynch Ruth T.
Published: November 2012

Objective. The study examined the evidence for the influence of chronic pain on proximal work participation behaviours important for job retention such as presenteeism, absenteeism and job satisfaction.

Method. A comprehensive literature search was undertaken using various databases including PsycINFO, Medline, Scopus and other sources which resulted in the identification of 353 articles of which 15 articles were chosen for analysis and inclusion. Eligibility was based on a mixed methodological framework using the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) checklist.

Results. There is evidence to suggest that chronic pain influences work participation qualities including absenteeism, presenteeism and job satisfaction. Personality and work content factors mediate the relationship between chronic pain and the proximal work participation variables.

Conclusion. Interventions targeting proximal work context behaviours appear to hold promise for long-term work participation by people with chronic pain. Rehabilitation interventions for job retention with chronic pain will likely be successful with attention to ongoing, changeable work participation behaviours that predict job retention.
Participation in Work Life and Access to Public Transport – Lived Experiences of People with Disabilities in Sweden
Authors: Lindqvist Rafael , Lundälv Jörgen
Published: November 2012

This study explores accessibility to public transport facilities and participation in work life experienced by persons with physical and cognitive impairments. Participants were 21 persons with mobility (n = 6), neuropsychiatric (n = 6), hearing (n = 7), or visual impairments (n = 2) (males = 11, females = 10; age range = 16 to 79). Data were collected using focus group discussions and thematically analysed. The findings point to significant physical, social/attitudinal and communication limitations to the access of public transportation and participation in work life. While participants with physical impairments emphasised lack of accessibility in terms of transport accommodations, persons with neuropsychiatric impairments focused on the social and interactional aspects of public transport. Work life participation was mostly impacted by lack of flexibility in work tasks and work organisation, and fear of being misunderstood and perceived as incapable.
BOUNDS ON MINORS OF BINARY MATRICES
Authors: BRENT RICHARD P. , OSBORN JUDY-ANNE H.
Published: November 2012

We prove an upper bound on sums of squares of minors of $\{+1, -1\}$-matrices. The bound is sharp for Hadamard matrices, a result due to de Launey and Levin [‘$(1,-1)$-matrices with near-extremal properties’, SIAM J. Discrete Math.23(2009), 1422–1440], but our proof is simpler. We give several corollaries relevant to minors of Hadamard matrices.
(Non-)retroflex Slavic affricates and their motivation: Evidence from Czech and Polish
Authors: Żygis Marzena , Pape Daniel , Jesus Luis M. T.
Published: November 2012

The Slavic affricate represented by /č/ is tacitly or explicitly assumed to be // for all Slavic languages. In this paper we revise the affricate inventories of Polish and Czech, showing that the symbol /č/ stands for two different sounds: the palatoalveolar // in Czech and the retroflex // in Polish. This conclusion is supported by acoustic results for Polish and Czech data. The fact that COG (centre of gravity) values of frication are not significantly different for Polish and Czech /č/ appears a bit surprising especially in light of the fact that COG is generally seen as a parameter contributing to the distinction of fricatives (including sibilants, see e.g. Gordon, Barthmaier & Sands 2002). Our results show that other parameters such as duration of the frication phase, F1 and F2 of the following vowel as well as spectral slopes are more reliable cues for distinguishing the small differences between affricates examined here.
Sumi (Sema)
Authors: Teo Amos
Published: November 2012

Sumi (also known by its exonym ‘Sema’) is a Tibeto-Burman language spoken in Nagaland, North-east India. It is one of the major languages of the state, with an estimated 242,000 speakers living primarily in Zunheboto district, as well as in the major cities of Kohima and Dimapur. Bradley (1997) places Sumi (referred to as Sema), among the ‘Southern Naga’ languages, which include Angami (also known as Tenyidie) and Ao, in contrast to the ‘Northern Naga’ languages such as Konyak and Nocte. Burling (2003) offers a more conservative classification, placing Sumi (referred to as Simi) in an ‘Angami-Pochuri’ group containing Angami, Chakhesang (Chokri and Kheza) and Mao. Four main dialects of Sumi have been identified: the Western dialect, the Eastern dialect, the Chizolimi dialect, and the Central dialect. The Central dialect is the standard dialect used in published works of Sumi (Sreedhar 1976: 4–5).
IPA Chart now under Creative Commons license
Authors: Keating Patricia A.
Published: November 2012

In July 2012, the IPA Council voted to license the IPA chart under a Creative Commons license, specifically, the Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Unported License (CC-BY-SA). The IPA still holds its copyright of the chart; under Creative Commons licenses, owners retain some rights while giving up others in order to encourage use by others. This particular Creative Commons license allows any kind of re-use of the chart (including commercial reproduction and derivative works), as long as attribution is given and the reproduction or derivative work is under the same license. The chart is now available not only from the IPA's website, but also from Wikimedia Commons.
Changing Church and State Relations in Contemporary China: The Case of Mindong Diocese, Fujian Province
Authors: Chan Shun-hing
Published: November 2012

This study examines church–state relations in Mindong diocese, Fujian province, from the perspective of state–society relations. The article seeks to identify the salient patterns of church–state relations in Mindong diocese, and the social factors that contribute to the formation of such patterns. I elaborate on the essential characteristics of the Mindong model in the paper. I argue that the three key factors affecting church–state relations in Mindong diocese are the competition between the open and underground churches, the mediating role of the Vatican, and the pragmatism of local government officials. I describe the Mindong model as a “negotiated resistance,” meaning that the underground church resists the control of the government and seeks organizational autonomy through continued negotiation with officials of the government. In conclusion, I discuss the implications of this church–state model in advancing religious freedom in Chinese society.
Nanjing's “Second Cultural Revolution” of 1974
Authors: Dong Guoqiang , Walder Andrew G.
Published: November 2012

China experienced extensive civil strife in 1974, as elite factionalism during the “criticize Lin Biao and Confucius” campaign revived popular contention in the provinces. Past research has characterized these conflicts as a “second Cultural Revolution” – an offensive by resurgent red guards and rebels to resist the restoration of purged civilian officials to powerful posts. In Nanjing, however, the conflicts were of an entirely different nature. Civilian cadres directed the campaign against army officers who still dominated civilian government throughout the province. Popular protests in Nanjing were not led by former rebels, whose ranks had been decimated by unusually harsh military suppression campaigns, but were instead protests by ordinary citizens who had suffered in the purges and rustication campaigns of the late 1960s. While the campaign in cities like Hangzhou and Wuhan was an offensive by resurgent rebels against civilian officials, in Nanjing civilian officials used the campaign to ensure their victory over military rivals. The Hangzhou and Wuhan pattern revived the politics of the 1960s, while the Nanjing pattern anticipated the protests against Cultural Revolution abuses characteristic of the end of the Mao era.
Occurrence of pathogens in wild rodents caught on Swedish pig and chicken farms
Authors: BACKHANS A. , JACOBSON M. , HANSSON I. , LEBBAD M. , LAMBERTZ S. THISTED , GAMMELGÅRD E. , SAAGER M. , AKANDE O. , FELLSTRÖM C.
Published: November 2012

A total of 207 wild rodents were caught on nine pig farms, five chicken farms and five non-farm locations in Sweden and surveyed for a selection of bacteria, parasites and viruses.Lawsonia intracellulariaand pathogenicYersinia enterocoliticawere only detected in rodents on pig farms (9% and 8% prevalence, respectively) which indicate that these agents are more likely to be transmitted to rodents from pigs or the environment on infected farms.Brachyspira hyodysenteriae(1%),Brachyspira intermedia(2%),Campylobacter jejuni(4%),Campylobacter upsaliensis(2%), leptospires (7%) and encephalomyocarditis virus (9%) were also detected from rodents not in contact with farm animals.GiardiaandCryptosporidiumspp. were common, although no zoonotic types were verified, andSalmonella entericawas isolated from 1/11 mice on one farm but not detected by PCR from any of the rodents.Trichinellaspp. andToxoplasma gondiiwere not detected.
Form, function, and frequency in phonological variation
Authors: Walker James A.
Published: November 2012

Formal and usage-based approaches to phonology make competing predictions that can be tested with variationist methodology. This paper investigates formal, functional, and frequency effects on (t/d)-deletion in Canadian English. Although initial results suggest a correlation between lexical frequency and deletion, once interaction and lexical effects are taken into account, only phonological and morphological factor groups are significant. Previous reports of frequency effects may result from different measurements of frequency and the contribution of overlapping factor groups. These results suggest that frequency does not operate monotonically but interacts dynamically with the lexicon.
The diachrony of quotation: Evidence from New Zealand English
Authors: D'Arcy Alexandra
Published: November 2012

Much recent work on English direct quotation assumes that the system is undergoing rapid and large-scale change via the emergence of “innovative” forms such as be like. This view is supported by synchronic evidence, but the dearth of diachronic evidence forces reconsideration of this assumption. Drawing on data representing the full history of New Zealand English, this paper presents a variationist analysis of the quotative system, providing a continuous link between present-day quotation and that of the late 19th century. It reveals a longitudinal and multifaceted trajectory of change, resulting in a highly constrained variable grammar in which language-internal contextual factors have evolved and specialized, the effects of which reverberate throughout the sector.
Freeze-substitution preservation of microbial biofilms
Authors: Hunter R.C.
Published: November 2012

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.
Integration of Electrochemical Methods with Magnetic Resonance and Electron Microscopies for the Study of Geobacter sulfurreducens Biofilms
Authors: Renslow R.S. , Babauta J. , Beyenal H. , Majors P.D. , Dohnalkova A. , Mehta H.
Published: November 2012

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.
Automated SEM and EDS System to Monitor Instrument Health and Calibration Accuracy for Forensic Science
Authors: Wuhrer R. , Mason K.
Published: November 2012

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.
Design Of A Virtual Microscope For Both Online And Onsite Biology Labs
Authors: Cohen G. , Zhong J. , Kawakami T.
Published: November 2012

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.
Advances In Microscopy and Microanalysis In The Field of Forensic Firearm Examination and Identification
Authors: Lamagna D.J.
Published: November 2012

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.
An integrated structural analysis of dynamin assembly
Authors: Ford M. , Nunnari J. , Jenni S.
Published: November 2012

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.
Cryo-EM studies of dynamin-related proteins that regulate mitochondrial fission
Authors: Mears J. , Alvarez F. , Zhou L. , Fang S. , Hinshaw J.
Published: November 2012

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.
Application of Electron Tomography to 3-D Structure Determination of Paracrystalline F-actin Bundles
Authors: Taylor K. , Taylor D. , Hu G. , Liu J.
Published: November 2012

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.
Projection-base Volume Alignment
Authors: Yu L. , Snapp R.R. , Ruiz T. , Radermacher M.
Published: November 2012

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.
Compact RF non-linear electro thermal model of SiGe HBT for the design of broadband ADC's
Authors: Saleh Alaa , El Rafei Abdel Kader , Dieng Mountakha , Reveyrand Tibault , Sommet Raphael , Nebus Jean-Michel , Quere Raymond
Published: November 2012

The design of high speed integrated circuits heavily relies on circuit simulation and requires compact transistor models. This paper presents a non-linear electro-thermal model of SiGe heterojunction-bipolar transistor (HBT). The non-linear model presented in this paper uses a hybrid π topology and it is extracted using IV and S-parameter measurements. The thermal sub-circuit is extracted using low-frequency S-parameter measurements. The model extraction procedure is described in detail. It is applied here to the modeling of npn SiGe HBTs. The proposed non-linear electro-thermal model is expected to be used for the design of high-speed electronic functions such as broadband analog digital converters in which both electrical and thermal aspects are engaged. The main focus and contribution of this paper stands in the fact that the proposed non-linear model covers wideband-frequency range (up to 65 GHz).
Far-field formulation of a Cassegrain reflector using a novel illumination function and aperture field integration
Authors: Zaman Mohammad Asif , Matin MD. Abdul
Published: November 2012

In this paper, the far-field pattern of a Cassegrain reflector is formulated. A novel illumination function is used to approximate the field distribution at the aperture of the reflector. The defined illumination function takes into account the central aperture blockage created by the subreflector. Using the illumination function, a closed-form expression describing the far-field radiation pattern of the Cassegrain reflector is formulated. The radiation pattern obtained from the derived equation is compared with the results obtained from physical optics and physical theory of diffraction. The results are found to be consistent with each other. It is found that the derived results show an impressive accuracy of 99.8% over the main-lobe region. The accuracy is found to be over 91 and 84% for the first and second significant side-lobe region, respectively, which can be considered satisfactory for many applications.
Grandparental morbidity and mortality patterns are associated with infant birth weight in the Lifeways cross-generation cohort study 2001–2010
Authors: Shrivastava A. , Murrin C. , O'Brien J. , Viljoen K. , Heavey P. , Grant T. , Kelleher C. C.
Published: November 2012

The association of infants’ birth weight with maternal cardiovascular morbidity (CVD) and mortality substantiates the foetal origins hypothesis. Few studies to date have investigated grandparent–infant risk association. We prospectively examined this relationship in the Lifeways three-generation familial cohort, contrasting lineage and gender differences to understand mechanisms of intergenerational risk transmission. In 2001, a cohort of 1082 families was established at antenatal stage. A total of 539 families (n = 539 infants) had both a participating grandparent (n = 1054) and information on infants’ gestational age. At baseline, grandparents provided their diagnosed CVD status and 79% also underwent a cardiovascular risk factors assessment. In 2005, general practitioners provided an update for 61% grandparents. In 2010, a search of civil register confirmed 77 grandparental deaths in 539 families. Grandchildren's birth weight and grandparental cardiovascular risk factors associations were examined with linear regressions. Grandparental CVD associations were analysed using ANCOVA. Cox proportional hazard ratios (HR) were calculated for all-cause mortality associations. Models were adjusted for infants’, mothers’ and grandparents’ demographic, anthropometric and socio-behavioural characteristics, as appropriate. The paternal grandfathers’ (PGF) systolic blood pressure (mmHg) [β (95% CI) = 6.6 (0.8 – 12.5); P = 0.03] and paternal grandmothers’ serum triglycerides (mmol/l) [β (95% CI) = 78.8 (7.0 – 150.7); P = 0.03] were linearly predictive of infants’ birth weight, which was not observed for maternal grandparents. Mean birth weight for infants of maternal grandmothers with diabetes {−272.7 [(−499.7) − (−45.6)] g; P = 0.02} or stroke {−292.1 [(−544.5) − (−39.6)] g; P = 0.02} was lower than those without diabetes or stroke, a pattern not observed for paternal grandparents. Whereas PGFs’ mortality was significantly associated with infants’ high birth weight (⩾4000 g) [HR (95% CI) = 4.9 (1.2 – 19.9); P = 0.03], maternal grandparents’ mortality showed a converse pattern with infants’ low birth weight (<2500 g) [HR (95% CI) = 1.7 (0.4 – 8.2); P = 0.7], although not statistically significant. These findings suggest that intergenerational transmission of risk differs in maternal and paternal lines.