bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MULTIPLICADORES REFLEXIVOS: UMA EXPERIÊNCIA DO INSTITUTO FAMILIAE JUNTO AO GRUPO DE ASSISTÊNCIA EM TRANSTORNOS ALIMENTARES (GRATA) DO HC-FMRP-USP
Authors: César Adriana BC , Pereira Marília F. , Russo Rosângela , Soares Ana CN , Vicente Azair T.
Published: June 2014

Este artigo objetiva descrever o trabalho Multiplicadores Reflexivos desenvolvido junto ao GRATA (Grupo de Assistência em Transtornos Alimentares) do HC-FMRP-USP, pelo Instituto Familiae. O referido trabalho buscou “cuidar dos cuidadores”, ou seja, da equipe interdisciplinar do GRATA, através do desenvolvimento da capacidade reflexiva, da apropriação de recursos próprios, do favorecimento da construção de histórias alternativas e da capacidade de resolver situações descritas como problemáticas, por estes profissionais. Foram realizados treze encontros mensais, entre o Familiae e o GRATA. As mudanças descritas pelos participantes ocorreram com a realização de atendimentos interdisciplinares em dupla e com o desenvolvimento da capacidade de construir lugares mais confortáveis, tanto na equipe como na relação profissional – usuário – família. Esta tríade passou a ser vista pela equipe em termos de seus recursos e competências, abandonando, assim, posturas baseadas nas “falhas” e “faltas”. Desta forma, relações horizontais puderam ser privilegiadas ao invés de relações hierarquizadas.
FARMACOGENÉTICA DE DOENÇAS NEUROLÓGICAS
Authors: Nogueira Bárbara F. , Almeida Carolina R. , Ojopi Elida P. Benquique
Published: June 2014

Uma vez que uma droga tenha acesso ao corpo de um organismo, o mesmo desempenha um papel na determinação do espectro de efeitos bem como em sua intensidade e duração. A extensão com que uma droga pode ser absorvida e transportada a vários órgãosalvo influencia no seu perfil de potência e efeito. A variação genética pode potencialm ente afetar a resposta individual à droga em vários passos. A absorção de uma droga e sua distribuição a vários órgãos são processos governados não apenas pelas propriedades físico-químicas da droga, mas também por moléculas endógenas. Muitos dos genes de suscetibilidade a doenças são também alvos de drogas e podem simultaneamente predispor os pacientes à doença bem como à resistência ao tratamento. A identificação de novas variantes para predisposição às doenças pode indicar novos alvos terapêuticos e novas vias no desenvolvimento de drogas e intervenções ambientais. Esta sistemática caracterização da natureza e da função do polimorfismo genético em enzimas metabolizadoras-chave e outros avanços na farmacogenética têm um amplo potencial para melhorar a escolha do medicamento apropriado e a correta dose para qualquer paciente em particular. Nesse artigo, revisamos os achados em farmacogenética na Epilepsia e na Doença de Alzheimer.
PSICOFARMACOGENÉTICA
Authors: Miranda Débora M. , Correa Humberto , De Marco Luiz , Romano-Silva Marco A.
Published: June 2014

Doenças psiquiátricas são patologias crônicas, recorrentes e promotoras de desarranjo e custo social extenso. A psicofarmacologia apresenta um número crescente de medicações eficazes e sua evolução acontece no sentido de aumentar a eficácia do tratamento de pacientes refratários, assim como reduzir os freqüentes efeitos colaterais associados com as medicações tradicionais. A farmacogenética é uma ciência relativamente recente que estuda as influências genéticas na resposta a droga e que pode vir a ser ferramenta essencial para o entendimento do funcionamento de drogas, assim como dos efeitos colaterais de medicações. Nessa revisão foram levantados os principais achados farmacogenéticos com antipsicóticos e antidepressivos e comentadas as perspectivas da farmacogenética na comunidade científica e clínica no Brasil.
REINSERÇÃO NO MERCADO DE TRABALHO. BARREIRAS E SILÊNCIO NO ENFRENTAMENTO DA EXCLUSÃO POR PESSOAS COM HIV/AIDS
Authors: Ferreira Rosana C. M. , Figueiredo Marco Antonio C.
Published: June 2014

As pessoas que vivem com HIV/aids, além de enfrentar as dificuldades decorrentes da infecção pelo vírus, têm que lidar com problemas de ordem econômica, como a exclusão do mercado de trabalho. Tal exclusão traz como conseqüências as dificuldades materiais e o afastamento do portador do convívio social, prejudicando a auto-estima e o acesso a alguns recursos psicossociais para o enfrentamento ao HIV/aids. Apesar da transmissão ser pouco provável nos locais de trabalho, esse fato tem sido usado por empregadores como pretexto para demissão ou recusa destas pessoas. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar dificuldades encontradas para a reinserção de pessoas soropositivas ao HIV no mercado de trabalho. Foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas com 10 pessoas, de ambos os sexos, com tempo médio de 5 anos de soropositividade ao HIV, média de 34 anos de idade e escolaridade mínima de ensino fundamental. As entrevistas foram feitas de acordo com procedimentos de evocação/enunciação/verificação, visando eliminar os efeitos de indução de respostas. Os resultados indicam que absenteísmo, estigmatização, atrasos, danos à saúde provocados por doenças oportunistas e efeitos colaterais de medicamentos são fortes determinantes das dificuldades para a reinserção no mercado de trabalho. Também, o medo de estigmatização ou rejeição impede a socialização do status de soropositividade para com os colegas de trabalho e chefias, determinando uma falta de perspectiva quanto às oportunidades para conseguir um novo emprego. Tais resultados constituem elementos subsidiários importantes para a concepção de programas que visam a recolocação e orientação dessas pessoas no mercado de trabalho.
O ENSINO DA PSICOLOGIA NA GRADUAÇÃO DE FONOAUDIOLOGIA
Authors: Santos Patricia L. , Rodrigues Maria de Lourdes V.
Published: June 2014

As Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais do Curso de Graduação em Fonoaudiologia prevê, entre os temas essenciais para a formação deste profissional, conteúdos da área da Psicologia. Esta assume um papel importante na formação do profissional da fala, possibilitando a compreensão dos fenômenos comportamentais, psíquicos e também das relações entre os seres humanos e seus contextos de desenvolvimento, ampliando, assim, a compreensão dos processos de comunicação saudáveis ou patológicos e complementando sua formação clínica a partir de conhecimentos sobre técnicas de manejo dos pacientes. Entretanto, acompanhando a variedade dos currículos dos cursos de Fonoaudiologia, também é bastante diverso o número e o conteúdo das disciplinas de Psicologia ministradas nos cursos. Enquanto docentes de cursos de graduação em especialidades diversa da nossa, e como administradora do Departamento, temos nos preocupado em elaborar programas que articulem os saberes e atendam à necessidade do profissional em formação, preparando-o para exercer suas atividades de forma autônoma. Com a recente implantação do curso de Fonoaudiologia na Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo, estamos realizando estudos visando aprimorar os programas das disciplinas propostas, especialmente na área de Psicologia, de modo a atender às necessidades profissionais do fonoaudiólogo e às demandas do mercado de trabalho.
SIMULAÇÃO EM MANEQUINS: ASPECTOS TÉCNICOS
Authors: Romano Minna Moreira Dias , Pazin Filho Antônio
Published: June 2014

A simulação em manequins como técnica de apoio didático traz ao ensino a sedutora oportunidade de praticar ações clínicas em um ambiente muito próximo do real, de forma segura, e sem o risco da exposição do paciente ao ambiente de treinamento. Algumas ações que só poderiam ser demonstradas ao aluno, pois devem ser praticadas na clínica, por profissionais experientes, podem ser agora diretamente realizadas pelo aluno em manequins. Algumas características especiais deste tipo de ensino como o uso do manequim, a elaboração das estações práticas e seus casos clínicos, e o papel do instrutor são aqui descritas.
METANÁLISE DE ENSAIOS CLÍNICOS CONTROLADOS ALEATORIZADOS: ASPECTOS QUANTITATIVOS
Authors: Martinez Edson Zangiacomi
Published: June 2014

A metanálise é uma técnica que combina os resultados de diversos estudos voltados a um conjunto de hipóteses específicas. A metanálise vem sendo amplamente utilizada em estudos médicos, especialmente em revisões sistemáticas de ensaios clínicos aleatorizados. Há, portanto, a necessidade de estudos sobre as ferramentas estatísticas envolvidas. Os resultados dos estudos são combinados por diferentes estratégias. Uma alternativa considera homogeneidade entre os estudos. Modelos de regressão com efeitos fixos são compatíveis com este pressuposto. Por outro lado, se for assumida heterogeneidade entre os estudos, os modelos de efeitos aleatórios são mais adequados. O presente artigo revisa alguns aspectos quantitativos da metanálise.
SIGNIFICAÇÕES ATRIBUÍDAS POR PORTADORES DE VISÃO MONOCULAR À PERDA VISUAL E CIRURGIA DE CATARATA
Authors: Marback Roberta Ferrari , Temporini Edméa R. , Maia Júnior Otacílio O. , Kara-Júnior Newton
Published: June 2014

Objetivo: Identificar percepções e significados referentes à perda visual de pacientes que apresentavam visão monocular e diagnóstico de catarata, com indicação cirúrgica, por comprometimento visual significativo. Métodos: Desenvolveu-se estudo qualitativo, por meio de entrevistas abertas, com 8 sujeitos identificados por Campanha da Catarata, realizada no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HC-FMUSP), em novembro de 2004.Resultados: Dos entrevistados, 4 eram do sexo feminino e 4 do sexo masculino, tendo a idade variado de 38 a 86 anos. Referiram atividades profissionais como responsáveis pela perda visual, apontaram dificuldades para conseguir o atendimento médico, manifestaram desconhecimento e crenças populares em relação ao próprio problema ocular e dificuldades encontradas no cotidiano em decorrência da doença. Conclusões: Foram identificados significados, percepções, sentimentos, reações e experiências relacionados à catarata e à perda visual. A ocorrência da catarata no único olho significou angústia e situação conflituosa relacionadas à perda da independência. A expectativa de voltar a enxergar mediante intervenção cirúrgica prendeu-se ao sentimento de ter uma vida “normal”, de sentir-se útil e do retorno ao mercado de trabalho.
VALORES DE REFERÊNCIA DE INGESTÃO DE NUTRIENTES PARA AVALIAÇÃO E PLANEJAMENTO DE DIETAS DE CRIANÇAS DE UM A OITO ANOS
Authors: Vieira Marta N. C. M. , Japur Camila C. , Resende Cristina M. M. , Monteiro Jacqueline P.
Published: June 2014

Os valores de referência de ingestão dietética (Dietary Reference Intakes) foram desenvolvidos para auxiliar no planejamento alimentar e avaliação da ingestão de nutrientes de indivíduos e populações. Foram propostos a partir do final da década de 90, em substituição às recomendações estabelecidas em 1989 (RDAs), visando a implementação de inovações como a criação de novos conceitos de avaliação e planejamento de dietas, devido à disponibilidade de informações atualizadas sobre necessidades e ingestão de nutrientes; o estabelecimento dos níveis máximos de ingestão com o surgimento do conceito de redução do risco de doenças crônico-degenerativas e a subdivisão dentro de cada faixa etária, devido às demandas diferenciadas de nutrientes para cada etapa da vida. Considerando a importância da avaliação do consumo alimentar na atenção integral à saúde da criança e a fim de subsidiar os profissionais de saúde no diagnóstico e acompanhamento nutricional, o objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar de maneira prática as recomendações nutricionais e seu modo de aplicação em crianças de um a oito anos de idade baseando-se na metodologia das DRIs.
PREVALÊNCIA DE SOBREPESO E OBESIDADE EM PRÉ-ESCOLARES DE ALTO NÍVEL SÓCIOECONÔMICO DA CIDADE DE ARACAJU-SE
Authors: Silva Diego A. S.
Published: June 2014

Modelo de Estudo: Estudo de Prevalência. O objetivo do presente estudo foi estimar a prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em pré-escolares de alto nível socioeconô-mico da cidade de Aracaju-Sergipe, Brasil, medido de forma direta. Métodos: 243 crianças, sendo 51% do sexo feminino de 3,5 a 5,5 anos de idade de alto nível socioeconômico, segundo critérios da Associação Nacional de Empresa de Pesquisa, foram avaliadas quanto ao peso e a estatura, para se calcular o IMC e classificá-las em normal, sobrepeso ou obesidade de acordo com os critérios de Cole et al. Resultados: Na amostra estudada a prevalência de sobrepeso foi de 16% e a obesidade de 7,9%, sendo que não houve diferenças significativas na prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade entre meninos e meninas (p > 0,05). Não houve também diferenças entre os grupos de idade para cada sexo (p > 0,05). Conclusão: O sobrepeso e a obesidade se fizeram presentes em uma amostra de crianças de 3,5 a 5,5 anos de idade de alto poder aquisitivo da cidade de Aracaju-SE.
CHOQUE CIRCULATÓRIO
Authors: Andrade Vicente Walter Villela , Rodrigues Alfredo , Silva Júnior Jairo Rosa
Published: June 2014

São apresentados os aspectos práticos da fisiologia cardiovascular e do sistema circulatório para a compreensão das anormalidades hemodinâmicas nos diferentes quadros de choque circulatório. Também são apresentados os métodos terapêuticos básicos para o choque circulatório.
AT
2
Receptor Activation Induces Natriuresis and Lowers Blood Pressure
Authors: Kemp Brandon A. , Howell Nancy L. , Gildea John J. , Keller Susanna R. , Padia Shetal H. , Carey Robert M.
Published: June 2014

Rationale
:

Compound 21 (C-21) is a highly selective nonpeptide AT
2
receptor (AT
2
R) agonist.

Objective
:

To test the hypothesis that renal proximal tubule AT
2
Rs induce natriuresis and lower blood pressure in Sprague-Dawley rats and mice.

Methods and Results
:

In rats, AT
2
R activation with intravenous C-21 increased urinary sodium excretion by 10-fold (
P
<0.0001); this natriuresis was abolished by direct renal interstitial infusion of specific AT
2
R antagonist PD-123319. C-21 increased fractional excretion of Na
+
(
P
<0.05) and lithium (
P
<0.01) without altering renal hemodynamic function. AT
2
R activation increased renal proximal tubule cell apical membrane AT
2
R protein (
P
<0.001) without changing total AT
2
R expression and internalized/inactivated Na
+
-H
+
exchanger-3 and Na
+
/K
+
ATPase. C-21–induced natriuresis was accompanied by an increase in renal interstitial cGMP (
P
<0.01); C-21–induced increases in urinary sodium excretion and renal interstitial cGMP were abolished by renal interstitial nitric oxide synthase inhibitor
l
-N
6
-nitroarginine methyl ester or bradykinin B
2
receptor antagonist icatibant. Renal AT
2
R activation with C-21 prevented Na
+
retention and lowered blood pressure in the angiotensin II infusion model of experimental hypertension.

Conclusions
:

AT
2
R activation initiates its translocation to the renal proximal tubule cell apical membrane and the internalization of Na
+
-H
+
exchanger-3 and Na
+
/K
+
ATPase, inducing natriuresis in a bradykinin-nitric oxide-cGMP–dependent manner. Intrarenal AT
2
R activation prevents Na
+
retention and lowers blood pressure in angiotensin II–dependent hypertension. AT
2
R activation holds promise as a renal proximal tubule natriuretic/diuretic target for the treatment of fluid-retaining states and hypertension.
Cost‐Effectiveness of Clopidogrel‐Aspirin Versus Aspirin Alone for Acute Transient Ischemic Attack and Minor Stroke
Authors: Pan Yuesong , Wang Anxin , Liu Gaifen , Zhao Xingquan , Meng Xia , Zhao Kun , Liu Liping , Wang Chunxue , Johnston S. Claiborne , Wang Yilong , Wang Yongjun ,   the CHANCE Investigators
Published: June 2014

Background

Treatment with the combination of clopidogrel and aspirin taken soon after a transient ischemic attack (
TIA
) or minor stroke was shown to reduce the 90‐day risk of stroke in a large trial in China, but the cost‐effectiveness is unknown. This study sought to estimate the cost‐effectiveness of the clopidogrel‐aspirin regimen for acute
TIA
or minor stroke.

Methods and Results

A Markov model was created to determine the cost‐effectiveness of treatment of acute
TIA
or minor stroke patients with clopidogrel‐aspirin compared with aspirin alone. Inputs for the model were obtained from clinical trial data, claims databases, and the published literature. The main outcome measure was cost per quality‐adjusted life‐years (
QALY
s) gained. One‐way and multivariable probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to test the robustness of the findings. Compared with aspirin alone, clopidogrel‐aspirin resulted in a lifetime gain of 0.037
QALY
s at an additional cost of
CNY
1250 (
US
$ 192), yielding an incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio of
CNY
33 800 (
US
$ 5200) per
QALY
gained. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed that clopidogrel‐aspirin therapy was more cost‐effective in 95.7% of the simulations at a willingness‐to‐pay threshold recommended by the World Health Organization of
CNY
105 000 (
US
$ 16 200) per
QALY
.

Conclusions

Early 90‐day clopidogrel‐aspirin regimen for acute
TIA
or minor stroke is highly cost‐effective in China. Although clopidogrel is generic, Plavix is brand in China. If Plavix were generic, treatment with clopidogrel‐aspirin would have been cost saving.
Stroke in Patients With Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Greve Anders M. , Dalsgaard Morten , Bang Casper N. , Egstrup Kenneth , Ray Simon , Boman Kurt , Rossebø Anne B. , Gohlke-Baerwolf Christa , Devereux Richard B. , Køber Lars , Wachtell Kristian
Published: June 2014

Background and Purpose—

There are limited data on risk stratification of stroke in aortic stenosis. This study examined predictors of stroke in aortic stenosis, the prognostic implications of stroke, and how aortic valve replacement (AVR) with or without concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting influenced the predicted outcomes.

Methods—

Patients with mild-to-moderate aortic stenosis enrolled in the Simvastatin and Ezetimibe in Aortic Stenosis (SEAS) study. Diabetes mellitus, known atherosclerotic disease, and oral anticoagulation were exclusion criteria. Ischemic stroke was the primary end point, and poststroke survival a secondary outcome. Cox models treating AVR as a time-varying covariate were adjusted for atrial fibrillation and congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75 years, diabetes mellitus, stroke/transient ischemic attack, vascular disease, age 65–74 years and female sex (CHA
2
DS
2
-VASc) scores.

Results—

One thousand five hundred nine patients were followed for 4.3±0.8 years (6529 patient-years). Rates of stroke were 5.6 versus 21.8 per 1000 patient-years pre- and post-AVR; 429 (28%) underwent AVR and 139 (9%) died. Atrial fibrillation (hazard ratio [HR], 2.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1–6.6), CHA
2
DS
2
-VASc score (HR 1.4 per unit; 95% CI, 1.1–1.8), diastolic blood pressure (HR, 1.4 per 10 mm Hg; 95% CI, 1.1–1.8), and AVR with concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting (HR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.4–7.2, all
P
≤0.026) were independently associated with stroke. Incident stroke predicted death (HR, 8.1; 95% CI, 4.7–14.0;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions—

In patients with aortic stenosis not prescribed oral anticoagulation, atrial fibrillation, AVR with concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting, and CHA
2
DS
2
-VASc score were the major predictors of stroke. Incident stroke was strongly associated with mortality.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00092677.
Point-of-Care Cluster Randomized Trial in Stroke Secondary Prevention Using Electronic Health Records
Authors: Dregan Alex , van Staa Tjeerd P. , McDermott Lisa , McCann Gerard , Ashworth Mark , Charlton Judith , Wolfe Charles D.A. , Rudd Anthony , Yardley Lucy , Gulliford Martin C. , Meredith Sarah , Kerry Sally , Murray Elizabeth , Mant Jonathan , Robson John , Haywood Andrew , Pursani Nanik
Published: June 2014

Background and Purpose—

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the remote introduction of electronic decision support tools into family practices improves risk factor control after first stroke. This study also aimed to develop methods to implement cluster randomized trials in stroke using electronic health records.

Methods—

Family practices were recruited from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink and allocated to intervention and control trial arms by minimization. Remotely installed, electronic decision support tools promoted intensified secondary prevention for 12 months with last measure of systolic blood pressure as the primary outcome. Outcome data from electronic health records were analyzed using marginal models.

Results—

There were 106 Clinical Practice Research Datalink family practices allocated (intervention, 53; control, 53), with 11 391 (control, 5516; intervention, 5875) participants with acute stroke ever diagnosed. Participants at trial practices had similar characteristics as 47 887 patients with stroke at nontrial practices. During the intervention period, blood pressure values were recorded in the electronic health records for 90% and cholesterol values for 84% of participants. After intervention, the latest mean systolic blood pressure was 131.7 (SD, 16.8) mm Hg in the control trial arm and 131.4 (16.7) mm Hg in the intervention trial arm, and adjusted mean difference was −0.56 mm Hg (95% confidence interval, −1.38 to 0.26;
P
=0.183). The financial cost of the trial was approximately US $22 per participant, or US $2400 per family practice allocated.

Conclusions—

Large pragmatic intervention studies may be implemented at low cost by using electronic health records. The intervention used in this trial was not found to be effective, and further research is needed to develop more effective intervention strategies.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.controlled-trials.com
. Current Controlled Trials identifier: ISRCTN35701810.
Contribution to the freshwater gastrotrich fauna of wetland areas of southwestern Ontario (Canada) with redescriptions of seven species and a check-list for North America
Authors: SCHWANK PETER , KÅNNEBY TOBIAS
Published: June 2014

This study gives additional, detailed information on the freshwater gastrotrich species described and reported from the southwestern regions of Ontario and New Brunswick, Canada by Schwank (1990). Aspidiophorus ontarioniensis, Chaetonotus (Chaetonotus) furculatus, Chaetonotus (Chaetonotus) ontariensis, Chaetonotus (Primochaetus) annae, Ichthydium malleum, Lepidodermella forficulata and Setopus lemnicola are all redescribed. In addition, a complete list of freshwater species currently known from North America is given.
Neoeubria inbionis Shepard & Barr, a new genus and new species of Neotropical water penny beetle (Coleoptera: Psephenidae: Eubriinae), with a key to the adult Eubriinae of the Neotropic Zone
Authors: SHEPARD WILLIAM D. , BARR CHERYL B.
Published: June 2014

Neoeubria inbionis, new genus and new species, is described from Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama and Ecuador. All life stages are descibed and illustrated, and a key to adults of the Eubriinae genera of the Neotropics is provided. Neoeubria is one of the most basal genera of the Eubriinae.
New member of the family Niphargidae from Croatia, Niphargus radzai, sp. n. (Contribution to the Knowledge of the Amphipoda 273)
Authors: KARAMAN GORDAN S.
Published: June 2014

One new species of the genus Niphargus Schiödte, 1849 (Amphipoda, Gammaridea, Niphargidae) from the subterranean waters (springs) above Ravno Vrdovo in Dinara Mountain, Croatia, is described. Niphargus radzai sp. n. belongs to the artificial group within Niphargus with elevated number of setae along outer margin of dactylus in gnathopods 1 and 2 and dactylus of some or all pereopods provided with additional spines along inner margin. The differences between N. radzai and some other similar members of this group of taxa are discussed.
Anole classification: A response to Poe
Authors: NICHOLSON K. E. , CROTHER B. I. , GUYER C. , SAVAGE J. M.
Published: June 2014

A recent correspondence (Poe 2013; hereafter referred to simply as ‘Poe,’ ‘he,’ or ‘his’) criticized our monographic revision of anole classification (Nicholson et al. 2012; hereafter referred to as ‘our’). In tone and content, Poe expresses his distress with the idea that his preferred concept of a single, large genus, containing all living members of the family Dactyloidae, might be divided into eight smaller genera. We acknowledge that science benefits from vigorous, intellectual debate, but would have preferred his commentary to be more constructive, objective, and scientifically accurate. We therefore present this rebuttal to explain how Poe erred in characterizing our work, and missed the opportunity to present an alternative comprehensive taxonomy to replace the one against which he argues so strenuously. In this contribution we explain, and correct, Poe’s errors and misrepresentations, and argue that our taxonomy is likely to be adopted because it 1) eliminates the obvious problem that will arise if the family Dactyloidae contains only a single large genus (i.e., that a single genus obscures the evolution and diversity within the group and misrepresents or cloaks it), 2) conforms with the long historical trend of dissecting large, cumbersome groups into smaller sub-units, 3) is consistent with all recent phylogenetic studies for anoles in membership within clades we recognize as genera, and 4) aids in associating these lizards with the ancient land masses that shaped their history.
Economic recession and suicidal behaviour: Possible mechanisms and ameliorating factors
Authors: Haw Camilla , Hawton Keith , Gunnell David , Platt Stephen
Published: June 2014

Background:

A growing body of research evidence from countries around the world indicates that economic recession is associated with increases in suicide, particularly in males of working age.

Aims:

To explore contributory and ameliorating factors associated with economic recession and suicide and thereby stimulate further research in this area and encourage policy makers to consider how best to reduce the impact of recession on mental health and suicidal behaviour.

Method:

We conducted a selective review of the worldwide literature focusing on possible risk factors, mechanisms and preventative strategies for suicidal behaviour linked to economic recession.

Results:

A model of how recession might affect suicide rates is presented. A major and often prolonged effect of recession is on unemployment and job insecurity. Other important effects include those exerted by financial loss, bankruptcy and home repossession. It is proposed these factors may lead directly or indirectly to mental health problems such as depression, anxiety and binge drinking and then to suicidal behaviour. Countries with active labour market programmes and sustained welfare spending during recessions have less marked increases in suicide rates than those that cut spending on welfare and job-search initiatives for the unemployed. Other measures likely to help include targeted interventions for unemployed people, membership of social organisations and responsible media reporting. Good primary care and mental health services are needed to cope with increased demand in times of economic recession but some governments have in fact reduced healthcare spending as an austerity measure.

Conclusion:

The research evidence linking recession, unemployment and suicide is substantial, but the evidence for the other mechanisms we have investigated is much more tentative. We describe the limitations of the existing body of research as well as make suggestions for future research into the effects of economic recession on suicidal behaviour.
Performance studies on compressively loaded debonded composite splice joint
Authors: Senthil K , Arockiarajan A , Palaninathan R
Published: June 2014

Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer structures are being increasingly used in aerospace applications. In this work, analytical, numerical, and experimental investigations are carried out to understand the structural response of debonded carbon fiber-reinforced polymer splice joint subjected to compression load. It is found that debonds are of major importance for the behavior of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer splice-joint structures. A series of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer splice-joint specimens are subjected to compressive loading by introducing an artificial debond at one of the interfaces in the splice joint and compared with specimens without debond. Although the compressive behavior is similar to that of nominal splice joint, the stiffness is considerably decreased in the presence of debond, and also the load-carrying capacity is reduced by 17% approximately. The experimental results are compared with the analytical predictions and numerical simulations using (a) the Rayleigh–Ritz method and (b) the finite element method, respectively, and are in good correlation.
Family and Teacher Characteristics as Predictors of Parent Involvement in Education During Early Childhood Among Afro-Caribbean and Latino Immigrant Families
Authors: Calzada Esther J. , Huang Keng-Yen , Hernandez Miguel , Soriano Erika , Acra C. Francoise , Dawson-McClure Spring , Kamboukos Dimitra , Brotman Laurie
Published: June 2014

Parent involvement is a robust predictor of academic achievement, but little is known about school- and home-based involvement in immigrant families. Drawing on ecological theories, the present study examined contextual characteristics as predictors of parent involvement among Afro-Caribbean and Latino parents of young students in urban public schools. Socioeconomic disadvantage was associated with lower home-based involvement. Several factors were associated with higher involvement, including parents’ connection to their culture of origin and to U.S. culture, engagement practices by teachers and parent–teacher ethnic consonance (for Latinos only). Findings have implications for promoting involvement among immigrant families of students in urban schools.
Monetary policy and bubbles in the national and regional UK housing markets
Authors: Tsai I-Chun
Published: June 2014

Numerous studies have explained the significant correlation between monetary policies and asset pricing bubbles. This study uses data on the overall UK housing market and the five UK regions with the highest house prices to evaluate the correlation between monetary policies and pricing bubbles in the UK housing markets. This study uses a theoretical model to verify whether monetary policies affect asset pricing bubbles. Fluctuations in house prices are classified into fluctuations related to fundamentals (the mean reversion behaviour and responses to information in the current period) and fluctuations unrelated to fundamentals (self-related behaviour). After estimating the fluctuation behaviour of house prices through quantile regression, this study asserts that a monetary easing environment can significantly increase housing returns. The self-related phenomenon of asset returns has increased significantly and has thus continuously increased prices and formed a bubble.
Generating Public Consciousness around Land Acquisition for Private Industries
Authors: Guha Abhijit
Published: June 2014

In course of my research on the acquisition of agricultural land for private industries, I came across a variety of public opinion which justified acquisitions. None of the supporters of land acquisition was ready to face the question of food security at the household level, let alone the role of local self-governments, which was endangered by the takeover of fertile land for industries by the government.

Under the three sets of public opinion described in the paper, generating public consciousness regarding land acquisition for industries seemed to be a difficult task which should begin by exploring the justification of land acquisition for industries, in the context of food security and land reform.

Here I have made an attempt to study the opinions of people around land expropriation with an aim to generate public awareness as regards the ground realities of government policy including the recent Land Acquisition Resettlement and Rehabilitation Act 2011.
Book Review: Anupam Hazra, India’s Social Sector & Millennium Development Goals
Authors: Kalra Purtika
Published: June 2014

Anupam Hazra, India’s Social Sector & Millennium Development Goals, Jaipur: Rawat Publications, 2013.
Safety Net Measures for Unorganised Workers in India: Critical Gaps and Challenges
Authors: Mishra Aswini Kumar
Published: June 2014

There is an overwhelming number of working and non-working poor in India who are subject to multiple deprivations and this is the root cause of social insecurity. This article provides an overview as well as performance of existing safety net measures in India and concludes that either the coverage and quantum of benefits under ongoing social security schemes are very low or these are not reaching the intended beneficiaries. Against this backdrop, this article suggests effective implementation of the Unorganised Workers Social Security Act, 2008.
Utility of Electronic Medical Records to Assess the Relationship Between Parenteral Nutrition and Central Line–Associated Bloodstream Infections in Adult Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Ippolito Paul , Larson Elaine L. , Furuya E. Yoko , Liu Jianfang , Seres David S.
Published: June 2014

Background: Parenteral nutrition is associated with increased central line–associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs). Electronic databases are important for identifying independent risk factors for prevention strategies. Our aims were to evaluate the utility of using electronic data sources to identify risk factors for CLABSIs, including parenteral nutrition (PN), and to assess the association between CLABSI and PN administration. Methods: Data were obtained for all discharges of adult patients in whom a central line was inserted between September 1, 2007, and December 31, 2008, in a large, academically affiliated hospital in New York City. CLABSI was defined electronically using a modified definition from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. A manual chart review was also undertaken to assess validity/reliability of the electronic database and gather additional information. Risk factors for CLABSI were examined using logistic regression. Results: Among 4840 patients, there were 220 CLABSIs, an incidence of 5.4 CLABSIs per 1000 central line days. Risk factors included PN (odds ratio [OR], 4.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.50–7.48), intensive care unit stay (OR, 2.26; 95% CI, 1.58–3.23), renal disease (OR, 2.79; 95% CI, 2.00–3.88), and immunodeficiency (OR, 2.26; 95% CI, 1.70–3.00). Diabetes mellitus was associated with reduced CLABSI rates (OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.45–0.88). Conclusions: The utility of electronic medical records for determining risk factors is limited by such things as free‐text data entry. Using a hybrid between fully electronic and manual chart review, reliable data were obtained. PN is associated with a high risk for CLABSI in a population highly selected for indications for PN.
Twitter’s place in the tussle: how old power struggles play out on a new stage
Authors: Ems Lindsay
Published: June 2014

The recent proliferation and impact of protest events in the Middle East, northern Africa, and the development of a worldwide Occupy Wall Street movement have ignited inquiry into the people, social structures and technologies that have helped give these social movements form. Three cases are described here which add to this discussion and lead to a pruning of the analytical landscape in this subject area. By looking to the use of Twitter as a tool for political protest in Iran in 2009, Moldova in 2009 and the G-20 Summit in Pittsburgh in 2009, the complexity of the intertwined social and technological strands that have given rise to these new political protests is acknowledged. By realizing that this distinction is salient yet fuzzy, it becomes possible to make new observations, ask new questions and begin to understand the nature of recent political tussles and the communication tools used in them. For instance, this article posits that by seeing the particular use of a new communication tool – a socio-technical assemblage – as an artifact, analysts can learn something new about the motivations of those sitting at the negotiating table.
Truth in narrative fiction
Authors: Cooke Maeve
Published: June 2014

Narrative fiction has the power to unsettle our deep-seated intuitions and expectations about what it means to live an ethically good life, and the kind of society that best facilitates this. Sometimes its disruptive power is disclosive, leading to an ethically significant shift in perception. I contend that the disruptive and disclosive powers of narrative fiction constitute a potential for ethical knowledge. I construe ethical knowledge as a learning process, oriented by a concern for truth, which involves the rational agency and affective engagement of an embodied human subject. For the purposes of showing this, I engage critically with Adorno’s reading of Kafka, using Kafka's story ‘In the Penal Colony’ to challenge Adorno’s analysis.
Acute Mastoiditis in Children with Cochlear Implants: Is Explantation Required?
Authors: Zawawi Faisal , Cardona Isabel , Akinpelu Olubunmi V. , Daniel Sam J.
Published: June 2014

Objective

Acute mastoiditis is an uncommon but challenging condition when it occurs in children with cochlear implant. The literature is scarce as to the management of this condition with regards to explantation. The objective of the study is to determine the need for explantation in patients with cochlear implants who suffer from acute mastoiditis.

Data Sources

Online medical databases—PubMed, Ovid Medline, Ovid Medline in process, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Biosis, Google Scholar, and Scopus.

Review Methods

A systematic review of all publications addressing the treatment of mastoiditis in cochlear implant children prior to November 2013 was conducted. Data were collected from online medical databases—PubMed, Ovid Medline, Ovid Medline in process, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Biosis, Google Scholar, and Scopus. The review was performed in 3 phases; an initial screening review of abstracts was performed, followed by a detailed review of full articles based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and lastly a final review to extract data from selected articles.

Results

Twelve articles were found eligible for this systematic review including a total of 43 patients. Subperiosteal abscess was present in 14.3%. All patients received intravenous antibiotics as an initial treatment, and if needed, surgical intervention was performed. Only 1 patient required explantation (2.3%).

Conclusion

Prompt, aggressive medical and if needed surgical therapy can help in saving the implant and result in a favorable outcome.
Effect of Strong Fragrance on Olfactory Detection Threshold
Authors: Fasunla Ayotunde James , Douglas David Dayo , Adeosun Aderemi Adeleke , Steinbach Silke , Nwaorgu Onyekwere George Benjamin
Published: June 2014

Objective

To assess the olfactory threshold of healthy volunteers at the University College Hospital, Ibadan and to investigate the effect of perfume on their olfactory detection thresholds.

Study Design

A quasi‐experimental study on olfactory detection thresholds of healthy volunteers from September 2013 to November 2013.

Setting

Tertiary health institution.

Subjects and Methods

A structured questionniare was administered to the participants in order to obtain information on sociodemographics, occupation, ability to perceive smell, use of perfume, effects of perfume on appetite and self‐confidence, history of allergy, and previous nasal surgery. Participants subjectively rated their olfactory performance. Subsequently, they had olfactory detection threshold testing done at baseline and after exposure to perfume with varied concentrations of n‐butanol in a forced triple response and staircase fashion.

Results

Healthy volunteers, 37 males and 63 females, were evaluated. Their ages ranged from 19 to 59 years with a mean of 31 years ± 8. Subjectively, 94% of the participants had excellent olfactory function. In the pre‐exposure forced triple response, 88% were able to detect the odor at ≤.25 mmol/l concentration while in the post‐exposure forced triple response, only 66% were able to detect the odor at ≤.25 mmol/l concentration. There is also a statistical significant difference in the olfactory detection threshold score between the pre‐exposure and post‐exposure period in the participants (P <. 05).

Conclusion

Use of strong fragrances affects the olfactory detection threshold. Therefore patients and clinicians should be aware of this and its effects on the outcome of test of olfaction.
Unusual redo mitral valve replacement for bleeding in Glanzmann thrombasthenia
Authors: Garcia-Villarreal Ovidio A , Fernández-Ceseña Ernesto , Solano-Ricardi Mercedes , Aguilar-García Alma L , Vega-Hernández Raquel , Angel-Soto Gustavo Del
Published: June 2014

We report the case of 23-year-old man with mitral valve regurgitation and Glanzmann thrombasthenia, who underwent mechanical mitral valve replacement. Warfarin therapy was devastating, causing bilateral hemothorax, pericardial effusion, gastrointestinal bleeding, and hematuria. Redo mitral valve replacement with a biological prosthesis was required to resolve this critical situation. To our knowledge, this is the first report of mitral valve replacement in Glanzmann thrombasthenia, highlighting the danger of oral anticoagulation in this pathology.
The public library as institutional capital
Authors: Stilwell Christine
Published: June 2014

Much has been written about measuring the contribution of public libraries to society. Using a transformative paradigm, this article addresses the development of measures with regard to the public libraries’ role in fostering social inclusion and alleviating poverty in South Africa. The approach taken is based on Sachs’s notion of capital endowments. It employs a thematic analysis of the literature and easily sourced statistics to show how to describe the status of a selected site, and a heat map to show the results. This planning tool could be of use in garnering government and public support for the key role played by libraries.
ABO-incompatible heart transplants
Authors: Hageman M , Michaud N , Chinnappan I , Klein T , Mettler B
Published: June 2014

A month-old baby girl with blood type O positive received a donor heart organ from a donor with blood type B. This was the first institutional ABO-incompatible heart transplant.

Infants listed for transplantation may be considered for an ABO-incompatible heart transplant based on their antibody levels and age. The United Network of Organ Sharing (UNOS) protocol is infants under 24 months with titers less than or equal to 1:4.1

This recipient’s anti-A and anti-B antibodies were monitored with titer assays to determine their levels; antibody levels less than 1:4 are acceptable pre-transplant in order to proceed with donor and transplant arrangements.1 Immediately prior to initiating cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), a complete whole body exchange transfusion of at least two-times the patient’s circulating blood volume was performed with packed red blood cells (pRBC), fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and 25% albumin. Titer assays were sent two minutes after initiation of full CPB and then hourly until the cross-clamp was removed. Institutionally, reperfusion of the donor heart is not restored until the antibody level from the titer assay is known and reported as less than 1:4; failing to achieve an immulogically tolerant recipient will provide conditions for hyperacute rejection. The blood collected during the transfusion exchange was immediately processed through a cell saver so the pRBC’s could be re-infused to the patient during CPB, as necessary. The remainder of the transplant was performed in the same fashion as an ABO-compatible heart transplant. The patient has shown no signs of rejection following transplantation.
Endovascular management of proximal lower limb deep venous thrombosis – A prospective study with six-month follow-up
Authors: Patra S , Srinivas BC , Nagesh CM , Reddy B , Manjunath CN
Published: June 2014

Background

Catheter-directed thrombolysis with assisted mechanical thrombolysis is the standard of medical care for proximal deep vein thrombosis. We studied the immediate and intermediate (six months) safety and effectiveness of catheter-directed thrombolysis in patients with proximal lower limb deep vein thrombosis.

Methodology

Thirty consecutive patients aged between 20 and 70 years with proximal lower limb deep vein thrombosis formed the study group. Catheter-directed thrombolysis was done with streptokinase infuse through a catheter kept in the ipsilateral popliteal vein. Unfractionated heparin was given along with streptokinase. Mechanical thromboaspiration using guiding catheter was performed in addition to thrombolytic therapy. After six months, post-thrombotic syndrome and deep venous patency were assessed by using Villalta scale and duplex ultrasound, respectively.

Results

Thirty patients with proximal lower limb deep vein thrombosis were treated with catheter-directed thrombolysis. Mean age of the study patients was 41.7 ± 15 years. Mean duration of illness was 13.3 ± 12 days. The mean duration of thrombolysis was 4.5 ± 1.3 days. Grade III (complete) lysis was achieved in 10 (33%) and Grade II (50–90%) lysis in 20 (67%) of patients. Patients with significant residual lesion in Grade II lysis following catheter-directed thrombolysis underwent percutaneous transluminal angioplasty alone (12/20) or venous stenting (8/20). All patients improved clinically following catheter-directed thrombolysis or assisted catheter-directed thrombolysis. Four patients (13%) developed pulmonary embolism during course of hospital stay and among them two (6.5%) patients died. Eleven patients (37%) had minor bleeding or hematoma at local site, and seven (23%) developed anemia requiring blood transfusion and four (13%) patients had thrombocytopenia. After six months, iliofemoral patency was found in 20 (72%) and post-thrombotic syndrome was seen in six (21%) patients. Two (6.5%) patients died during follow-up due to nephrotic syndrome and carcinoma breast.

Conclusion

Catheter-directed thrombolysis and conventional manual aspiration thrombectomy are an effective treatment for proximal lower extremity deep vein thrombosis with good short and intermediate outcome.
Multi-disciplinary team meetings in stroke rehabilitation: an observation study and conceptual framework
Authors: Tyson SF , Burton L , McGovern A
Published: June 2014

Objective:

To explore how multi-disciplinary team meetings operate in stroke rehabilitation.

Design:

Non-participant observation of multi-disciplinary team meetings and semi-structured interviews with attending staff.

Setting and participants:

Twelve meetings were observed (at least one at each site) and 18 staff (one psychologist, one social worker; four nurses; four physiotherapists four occupational therapists, two speech and language therapists, one stroke co-ordinator and one stroke ward manager) were interviewed in eight in-patient stroke rehabilitation units.

Results:

Multi-disciplinary team meetings in stroke rehabilitation were complex, demanding and highly varied. A model emerged which identified the main inputs to influence conduct of the meetings were personal contributions of the members and structure and format of the meetings. These were mediated by the team climate and leadership skills of the chair. The desired outputs; clinical decisions and the attributes of apparently effective meetings were identified by the staff. A notable difference between the meetings that staff considered effective and those that were not, was their structure and format. Successful meetings tended to feature a set agenda, structured documentation; formal use of measurement tools; pre-meeting preparation and skilled chairing. These features were often absent in meetings perceived to be ineffective.

Conclusions:

The main features of operation of multi-disciplinary team meetings have been identified which will enable assessment tools and interventions to improve effectiveness to be developed.