bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TRANSPARENT IMMANUEL. I. KANT AND V. SHYNKARUK: CREATIVITY OF HERMENEUTIC INTERPRETATION
Authors: Kyrylyuk Oleksandr
Published: July 2024

Tricky texts of German classical philosophy, which contain a lot of complicated terms and concepts, can be adequately understood only by an experienced philosopher. As a result, Kant’s works have many interpreters who retell his works as simply as possible. Volodymyr Shynkaruk in his book about Kant, which was published fifty years ago and has not lost its relevance, not only retells the “Critique of Pure Reason”, but gives its hermeneutic interpretation. Instead of a retelling, he gave us such a creative interpretation of Kant’s main work, which revealed to us its meanings that cannot be conveyed to the reader in a retelling.
Essentially, Shinkaruk created a concentrated innovative semantic content that differs from the original in its transparency. This allowed me, the author, to convey the content of Kant’s teaching to graduate students of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine in the most accessible, but not simplified way.
This article is published as an educational and methodical manual. Condensed like an encyclopedic article, this material is intended to be a study guide to Kant’s philosophy for everyone who is interested in it.
PREFACE TO THE TRANSLATION OF CHAPTER VII WERNER JAEGER’S BOOK ARISTOTLE. FUNDAMENTALS OF THE HISTORY OF HIS DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Shevtsov Sergii
Published: July 2024

Werner Jaeger’s book Aristotle. Fundamentals of the History of his Development was a significant event in the history of research of Aristotle. This book determined the general course of development and direction of search for researchers of Aristotle and ancient Greek philosophy for a hundred years. This publication represents a translation of the Seventh Chapter of this book, dedicated to the history of creation of the most significant work by Aristotle – famous Metaphysics. The author shows that Aristotle, who initially considered himself as a Platonist and a follower of Plato, the first version of Metaphysics devoted to clarifying a number of provisions of Platonism. The later version had a different character, there Aristotle consciously contrasted his views with both the philosophy of Plato and his heirs in the Academy.
THE CONCEPT OF CULTURAL POLICY IN THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF UKRAINE (PHILOSOPHICAL DIMENSIONS)
Authors: Mikheitseva-Tsinhrosh Kateryna
Published: July 2024

The article analyzes the concept of cultural policy in the legal framework of Ukraine. The study identifies the importance of forming and developing the legal framework in the field of culture as one of the most challenging tasks for the state, given the dynamics and diversity of the cultural sphere. The paper analyzes the chronological development of Ukrainian cultural legislation and identifies three key stages. The study puts forward and finds fundamental confirmation of the hypothesis that the stages of development of discursive and conceptual and terminological transformations of the legal corpus of documents in which the foundations of cultural policy in Ukraine were created and continue to be formed are reorganized. Based on the results of the analysis, the author proposes to use a certain chronological-discursive model of synchronization, which allows us to better identify a certain asynchrony, delay of regulatory processes in comparison with live controversial events, tendencies of reality itself, which covers the entire spectrum of processes and phenomena that cultural policy aims to cover, preserve and reproduce.
Transforming Cyber Defense: Anomaly Detection and Predictive Analytics for Automated Threat Response
Authors: Kommisetty Phani Durga Nanda Kishore , Kuppala Bala Maruthi Subba Rao , Buvvaji Hussain Vali
Published: July 2024

Currently, cyber defense remains a pre-eminently human-driven endeavor, lacking fundamental capabilities for comprehensive and timely detection, response, and prediction. Here, we present transformative concepts to mature cyber defense toward automated anomaly detection, prediction, and response. Our concepts treat the underlying problem at its most basic and essential level: violation of the predictability of correct actions and correct system and service performance, representing unintended relationships and change. We mathematically generalize prediction to explore relationships between dependencies, predict correct action sets, discern and anticipate both intended and unintended change, and mitigate the effects of correlated nested risk to enhance defense capabilities within and across organizations.
These general attributes can also provide the principal knowledge and mechanisms essential for new generations of cyber defense and information assurance. Our concepts directly address immediate and long-term, broad and fundamental needs in defense and, we believe, will be studied indefinitely. The fundamental nature of these concepts leads to their broad applicability across scientific, engineering, and human endeavors, including social, economic, and political systems, where incomplete knowledge-supported decisions steadily increase untenable manipulation and control. These general attributes can also provide the principal knowledge and mechanisms essential for new generations of cyber defense and information assurance.
Leer y escribir, hablar y escuchar en los Institutos de Formación Docente: un desafío para profesores
Authors: Pasut Marta , Menna Claudia
Published: July 2024

En los últimos años se ha incrementado la matrícula en los Institutos de Formación Docente y, paralelamente, han decrecido las competencias con que los jóvenes inician su recorrido por el Nivel Superior. Las dificultades que aparecen en los distintos diagnósticos se relacionan con la oralidad, la escritura y la comprensión lectora. En esta ponencia se describen brevemente algunos problemas de los ingresantes. Se desecha el prejuicio de que el factor determinante de la situación sea el “capital cultural” de los jóvenes y se hace hincapié (siguiendo el concepto de “responsabilidad compartida” de la Dra. Paula Carlino) en que cada enseñante cree las oportunidades necesarias para el desarrollo de las competencias ausentes y ceda espacios a la reflexión conjunta sobre los procesos involucrados. Se exponen algunos conceptos teóricos que sustentan la importancia de la lectoescritura, la oralidad y la escucha en la formación docente y se revisan las acciones en curso para mejorar la situación. Finalmente, se presentan algunas estrategias aplicables en el aula.
Experiencias en el uso de la lectura como forma de extraer lecciones metodológicas de artículos científicos
Authors: Samaniego Esteban
Published: July 2024

Este trabajo se basa en experiencias del uso de la lectura como forma de extraer nociones metodológicas de artículos científicos. Las experiencias se dieron en el marco de cursos de metodología de la investigación dirigidos a estudiantes de magíster en diversas áreas de la ingeniería. Aunque el enfoque fue común, los artículos leídos y analizados se eligieron de tal manera que fueran cercanos a los intereses de los estudiantes. Estos artículos representaban ejemplos de buenas prácticas en el área de especialización del programa de magíster en cuestión. Este hecho constituye un punto clave de los ejercicios realizados, pues pretende dotar de contexto a la lectura para poder facilitar la extracción de diferentes lecciones metodológicas. La consigna era, por tanto, leer como autor. De esta manera, se logró un primer acercamiento por parte de los estudiantes a textos científicos actuales en sus áreas del conocimiento con una actitud de lector activo, esto es, un lector que no espera solamente acercarse a los contenidos, sino también pretende apropiarse de las herramientas usadas para la investigación y para la consiguiente construcción del texto. Los resultados obtenidos son preliminares y se describen de manera más bien anecdótica.
Patologías lingüísticas escritas en estudiantes universitarios de Periodismo en la era digital
Authors: Bayés-Gil Marc
Published: July 2024

Los alumnos, objeto de estudio, cometen con frecuencia faltas de ortografía cuando elaboran textos de cierta complejidad, como por ejemplo: una crónica periodística informativa. El ortógrafo de programas como Word les ayuda notablemente a reducir los errores, pero, pese a ello, los siguen cometiendo. El error antinormativo más común es la coma. Los estudiantes prescinden de este signo de puntuación de uso reiterado y necesario, especialmente cuando tiene la función de marcar la alteración del orden prototípico del español. Asimismo, la omisión de la acentuación es común en estos textos, del mismo modo que algunos errores que tienen base fonética, como, por ejemplo: la confusión s/z; faltas que la bibliografía tilda de errores de ortografía arbitraria.
La lectura, de lo verbal a lo no verbal
Authors: Robalino Vicente
Published: July 2024

La falta de interés por la lectura, entre los estudiantes universitarios, es un problema que escapa a la propia iniciativa de las instituciones educativas del estado. Dos factores que han impedido la formación de lectores han sido el uso mecánico de la computadora y el celular, y la falta de una metodología que comprenda, básicamente, la experiencia lectora y la posibilidad de aprehensión de lo leído. En este artículo se plantea la lectura como un tránsito de lo verbal a lo no verbal, a partir de un reconocimiento de las reglas que permiten la codificación y decodificación de un género determinado, sea este narrativo, poético, periodístico, etc., y la construcción de la imagen de lo leído dentro de un contexto específico que el lector va construyendo con su experiencia en la vida cotidiana, como un acto de recreación lúdica de la lectura.
La deconstrucción de los sentidos en la percepción del arte, estudio de la deconstrucción para una propuesta plástica
Authors: Calle Bustos Geovanny
Published: July 2024

El presente artículo pretende hacer un análisis sobre la deconstrucción de los sentidos en la percepción artística, con el fin de dar a conocer una propuesta plástica del autor de este trabajo. Para llevar a cabo el estudio, primero se abordará la teoría manifestada por Derridá, la misma que está basada, precisamente, en la deconstrucción sensorial y su relación con el arte plástico. Luego se cuestionarán las funciones que el discurso atribuye a los sentidos, y finalmente se presentará una propuesta plástica, basada en la deconstrucción de varios objetos.
Escritura de mujeres: daño ambiental, orden materno, cartografías de la violencia
Authors: Ortega Caicedo Alicia
Published: July 2024

Este ensayo presenta una lectura de tres novelas contemporáneas escritas por mujeres en América Latina, desde una perspectiva que invita a repensar la relación con la Naturaleza, en el horizonte de los afectos y una estrategia política que bien coincide con lo que Arturo Escobar denomina “la defensa del lugar”. El trabajo busca poner en diálogo los mecanismos de destrucción medioambiental y el impacto del discurso tóxico, en el escenario de una reflexión anclada en la violencia, la maternidad y el feminicidio, en diálogo con los estudios de género y una aproximación ecocrítica. La loca de Gandoca, 1991, de Anacristina Rossi (Costa Rica); Distancia de rescate, 2014, de Samanta Schweblin (Argentina); y Poso Wells, 2007, de Gabriela Alemán (Ecuador), constituyen el corpus seleccionado para pensar las problemáticas planteadas.
Taxation of public pensions in European Union countries
Authors: Cieślukowski Maciej
Published: July 2024

The aging of society is one of the most important trends shaping the social, economic and political life of the 21st century. However, with the increasing number of people of retirement age, the problem of ensuring adequate conditions for a longer life arises. The state influences these conditions through the pension security system, including taxation of pensions. The paper attempts to answer the question whether taxation of remunerations and public pension benefits may have a significant impact on making decisions about choosing a country of work in the common market. For this purpose, Member States have been ranked in terms of two dimensions—the conditions of taxation of wages and the conditions of taxation of retirement benefits.
Enhancing garbage fee compliance: Insights from a Slovak municipality
Authors: Caplanova Anetta , Sirakovova Eva , Szakadatova Estera
Published: July 2024

Tax avoidance and tax evasion remain critical challenges for central or local governments and municipalities. This non-compliance also represents an ethical issue since individuals who benefit from publicly provided services do not contribute to their financing as they are legally required. The study aimed to test whether the use of behavioural interventions would reduce the number of non-payers of the garbage collection fee in the city of Hlohovec, Slovakia. The experiment was carried out by distributing leaflets to households with permanent residence in Hlohovec. The subjects of the experiment were randomly divided into three groups. Households in the control group (number of households is 1,718) did not receive any leaflets, households in the first intervention group (number of households is 1,721) received a leaflet containing a social norm, and households in the second intervention group (number of households is 1,625) received a leaflet containing a deterrent message.
Mental Imagery and Attentional Style in Senior Mini-Football Players
Authors: Badau Adela
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine the level of mental imagery ability and attentional style in senior mini-football players and to identify mental behavioral patterns. The study included a number of 38 senior mini-football players, with an average age of 27.36 years, with a playing experience in the super league of 9.38 years. In the study, two standardized questionnaires were applied, one aimed at identifying the level of mental imagery called the Questionnaire for the Assessment of Mental Imaginative Abilities in Athletes (QMIA) with 16 items and one for identifying the attentional style with the aim of determining internal or external dimensions, called the Questionnaire for Assessment of the Attentional Style in Athletes (QASA) with 6 items, structured in two subscales A and B. The calculated reliability of the questionnaire: QMIA had the Cronbach's α value of 0.811 and QASA registered a good reliability evidenced by Cronbach's α of 0.765 for the entire questionnaire; the internal attentional subscale of 0.728, and for the external attentional subscale of 0.726. After analyzing the results, a good level of mental imagery was found that can be perfected, identifying four behavioral patterns. The attentional style highlighted an internal dimension, which highlighted 3 behavioral patterns. At the level of senior mini-football players, in addition to physical, technical and tactical training, psychological training plays an essential role. Cognitive abilities regarding mental imagery and attention are psychological foundations whose development contributes to obtaining significant sports performances in the mini-football game.
Stress Resistance of Personality in the Conditions of Organizational Culture in Ukraine. Specific Dependent Phenomena
Authors: Khavula Roman , Chuyko Oksana , Rodina Nataliia , Korniienko Inokentii , Bogdan Zhanna , Kichuk Antonina
Published: July 2024

So far, the focus of safety psychology, coping strategies, and occupational safety has been predominantly on physical factors and self-regulation tools. However, this article outlines the poorly researched neuro-dependent phenomena of Ukrainian organizational culture, where parallel new proactive and old reactive tendencies are observed. The purpose of this article is to identify the main neurodependent destructive tools of deceptive psychological self-protection in the context of contemporary organizational culture. These phenomena proved to be dependent on both general and personal culture, through which the instincts of psychological self-preservation and primitive unconscious defenses such as shame, guilt, excessive responsibility, competition avoidance, mythological attitudes, rituals, etc. are refracted. Methods of sociological survey by means of posing provocative questions with short answer time, intervisional and independent observations of production teams (with the subsequent neurointerpretative analysis) allowed to make a number of important conclusions. The main ones are the objectification and explanation of two intensions of Ukrainian organization culture, the determination of neuro-markers of destructive manifestations of personal deontological culture and the conclusion of a systematizing table of the stages of development of organization culture with procedural-attributive and neurodestructive explication. Also in the conclusions by psychological and pedagogical modeling and expedient selection of tools the authors concluded a set of recommendations for the acquisition of stress resistance in the context of the culture of the organization. The article can become a theoretical basis for the development of effective training programs and non-invasive neuropsychological tools for the correction of neurocultural deviations.
Psychomotric Perspectives of Rehabilitation in Chronic Brachial Plexus Palsies
Authors: Trofin Dan , Grosu Cristina , Iordan Daniel Andrei , Matei Daniela , Talaghir Laurențiu Gabriel , Coja Daniel Mădălin , Trofin Daniela-Marilena , Onu Ilie , Stamate Teodor
Published: July 2024

Background. The perspective of ongoing electric signals within the motor cortex, conditioned by continuous rehabilitation strategies (doubled by adherence to the treatment protocol), is of interest related to understanding how cerebral plasticity is being modulated in adult traumatic brachial plexus (BP) lesions. Very often, patients with chronic BP lesions tend to be less compliant to rehabilitation therapy over time, since multiple reconstructive microsurgery interventions may not always offer a proper upper limb functionality, especially in severe, complex BP cases. Material and methods. In order to asses the ongoing psychomotric projection of the limb’s representation among the motor cortex, in relation with long term rehabilitation protocol we followed up a group of 11 chronic patients, by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) during a time-lapse of two years. Results. Although modest in relation with amelioration of the deficit on the MRC scale, the patients had mild improvements of the parameter latency, but more important, by assessing the amplitude of the motor evoked potential (MEP), we observed a dynamism of the motor area. This we consider suggestive for ongoing psychomotor components stimulated by rehabilitation: ideomotricity, perceptual-motor coordination, laterality and body representation, as a foundation in maintaining a proven measurable potential of continuous neuroplasticity. Conclusion. From clinical perspective, since psychomotricity actually means interdisciplinarity, this is the common denominator found in the collaboration between medical specialties: plastic surgery and reconstructive microsurgery, clinical neurology, electrodiagnostic and neuromotor rehabilitation.
Once upon a time...! The story of the emotional pandemic!
Authors: Grigoras Mioara , Ciubara Anamaria
Published: July 2024

The article that we will present tries to give an overview of how the pandemic affected society, accentuated certain fears, worries and brought to the surface all the hidden emotional problems. If we take a look in history, we see that similar events in the past - the Spanish flu, the Holocaust - caused trans-generational traumas whose effects can still be felt today. Likewise, the article will highlight how major traumatic events that happened even three generations before birth can influence the way we live our lives. That is possible because unprocessed traumas leave their mark on each new generation until they find their solution. As individuals, we love our families very much and have unconscious loyalties to some of its members, copying their mistakes, dramas, and thus reliving their stories. In the case study that we will present, we started from the idea that to discover these legacies it actually means listening to the wider story of the client, which starts from the previous generation. The symptom is often just the tip of the iceberg, while underneath lays a whole story. At the start of the therapeutic process, we approached a complete intervention on the case, which involved the approach in the socio-familial system and emotional integration. We took into account the life history of the client and his family, gathering information about boundaries, rules, rituals and family loyalties, messages received in the family environment, significant life events, defense and survival strategies. All these factors helped us decipher the symptom behind the story.
Epidemiological aspects of chronic pelvic pain syndrome in genital endometriosis (review article)
Authors: Zhigalova E. V. , Fedorova A. I. , Aslanov B. I.
Published: July 2024

Endometriosis is one of the most common and understudied diseases in women all over the world. The more than a century-old history of endometriosis research does not currently provide unambiguous answers about the causes, risk factors, etiology and methods of its treatment. Chronic pelvic pain as one of the main symptoms of endometriosis is the cause of not only physical suffering, but also a negative change in the mental status of women, deterioration of their quality of life. Body-oriented methods of treating the disease often turn out to be ineffective. The relationship between psychosomatic components (depression, anxiety, neuroticism) and chronic pelvic pain, despite the evidence, remains underestimated and is not always considered in medical theory and practice. This review article reflects the main epidemiological characteristics of chronic pain syndrome in genital endometriosis in women, from an epidemiological point of view, the main approaches of modern medical science to determining risk factors for its occurrence and development are considered. The promising role of an interdisciplinary (biopsychosocial) approach in the diagnosis and treatment of such patients, the need for further research and practical application of complex methods of treatment of chronic pain syndrome in genital endometriosis are shown.
Cardiovascular and vegetative adaptation of the body of cadets of the Institute of Civil Aviation to different types of locomotor motion activity
Authors: Ryazantsev A. I. , Grebennikov E. K. , Grebennikova I. N. , Sorokin O. V. , Subotyalov M. A.
Published: July 2024

The aim of study was to investigate the indicators of cardiovascular and autonomic adaptation of cadets of the Institute of Civil Aviation to different types of locomotor motion activity. Material and methods. Heart rate, blood pressure, cardiovascular indices were assessed in 96 healthy cadets divided into four groups according to the type of their locomotor motion activity. The study also analyzed Baevsky’s indices. Results and its discussion. The analysis of cardiovascular indicators and indicators of heart rate variability both in the background state and in response to an active orthostatic test revealed an increase in the adaptive reserve and heart rate variability in the series «not engaged» – «self-exercising» – «game sports» – «cyclical sports». It has been established that cadets involved in cyclic sports have greater parasympathetic activity and its influence on the heart rate both at rest and in response to orthostatic load, which reflects a deeper degree of their adaptation to physical and educational load, based on structural changes in cells of the cardiovascular, nervous and endocrine systems. Apparently, the data obtained indicate the manifestation of a general strategy of structural and functional restructuring of the body’s regulatory systems, aimed at the formation of optimal compensatory and adaptive changes in hemodynamics.
Assessment of the state of the musculoskeletal system and postural balance in adolescents
Authors: Dolich V. N. , Komleva N. E. , Medentsov V. A. , Mazilov S. I. , Zaikina I. V.
Published: July 2024

The aim of the study is to analyze the prevalence of functional and structural disorders of the musculoskeletal apparatus (MSA) and postural balance in adolescents in the Saratov region. Material and methods. The condition of the musculoskeletal system in adolescents of the Saratov region (n = 555) was studied as part of a one-stage study. The prevalence of pain complaints in various structures of the musculoskeletal system, body type, posture, shape of the pelvis and feet, the presence of trigger points, the function of the hip and shoulder joints, the volume of movement in various parts of the spine were analyzed. To assess the postural balance, the indicators of the statokinesiogram were studied. Results. A high prevalence of complaints of pain in the structures of the musculoskeletal system has been established. The most common structural changes are: scoliotic posture disorder, the shape of the shoulders, chest, shoulder blades, pelvis, feet. Among the functional disorders – limited mobility in the hip and shoulder joints, in the thoracic and lumbar spine. Trigger points were found mainly in the trapezius, pectoralis minor, scalenus, quadratus lumborum, sternocleidomastoid muscles. Statistically significant correlations were found between the parameters of the statokinesiogram and complaints of pain in the spine, structural and functional disorders of the musculoskeletal system. Conclusions. The results of the study indicate the need for an interdepartmental integrated approach to the prevention of diseases of the musculoskeletal system in adolescents. An important condition is the quality of preventive medical examinations, a personalized approach to physical education, optimization of the ergonomics of classrooms in schools, training the population in movement hygiene, and increasing commitment to a healthy lifestyle.
Comparative morphological analysis of connective tissue response to polypropylene endoprosthesis implantation
Authors: Abduvosidov Kh. A. , Shestakova V. G. , Perevedentseva A. M. , Chekmareva I. A. , Chudnykh S. M. , Baranchugova L. M. , Alekseev A. G. , Kokoev M. M.
Published: July 2024

Nowadays, the palm of superiority in elective surgery belongs to the problem of hernias. According to the literature worldwide, more than 20 million patients undergo surgical treatment for hernia of the anterior abdominal wall every year, most of whom undergo alloplasty using various kinds of nets. The study of the influence of methods for fixing implants and the emerging local inflammatory response of tissues on the frequency of relapses after allognioplasty is devoted to isolated works. Aim of the study was to investigate in an experiment the characteristics of the reaction of local tissues when implanting a rigid monofilament mesh polypropylene implant with a shape memory effect, and a classic mesh endoprosthesis made of monofilament polypropylene (PP) with various methods of fixing implants. Material and methods. An experimental study on 60 white male Wistar rats was performed to identify tissue reaction features around the PP mesh. Group 1 animals (n = 30) were implanted with a rigid mesh monofilament PP implant (Herniamesh, Italy) with shape memory effect, group 2 animals (n = 30) – with a classic mesh endoprosthesis made of monofilament PP for soft tissue repair ESFIL® standard (Lintex, Russia). Biopsies were examined at 1, 2, 3 months after implantation of the PP mesh. Results. A morphological study showed that 1 month after the implantation of a rigid mesh monofilament PP implant, the inflammatory reaction is less obvious than when implanting a classical PP endoprosthesis. This reaction contributed to the earlier germination of collagen fibers around the rigid implant monofilaments. At 2 and 3 months after the implantation of PP nets in both groups of animals, there were no advantages as the regenerate formed. Conclusions. When introducing PP mesh with suture fixation and rigid monofilament PP mesh without fixation, there is a natural response to the integration of the endoprosthesis, which is characterized by aseptic inflammation followed by pronounced fibrosis around the implant. Such processes, occurring in response to the implantation of synthetic polypropylene nets, increase local mechanical tissue resistance, and can create additional strength against recurrence of inguinal hernias.
The International Labour Organisation’s Recommendation No. 198 and Self-Employed Workers
Authors: Hajn Zbigniew
Published: July 2024

The article discusses the legal situation of self-employed workers in international labour law. In particular, it focuses on the International Labour Organisation’s (hereafter: the ILO) predominant and clearly articulated approach in its Employment Relationship Recommendation, 2006 (No. 198), of dichotomising workers into employees and genuinely self-employed, and making the scope of their protection dependent on their belonging to one of these categories. The author questions whether this is the most appropriate way to provide protection to workers working under various forms of contractual arrangements other than the employment contract, including persons to be defined as “genuinely self-employed dependent workers.” A separate strand of consideration is the legal situation of genuinely and independently self-employed workers.
The Protection of Wages in Contractual Employment Relationships: The International Labour Organisation’s Standards and the Polish Law
Authors: Maniewska Eliza
Published: July 2024

Abstract. The presented study is concerned with the protection of wages in contractual employment relationships on the basis of Polish legislation and the standards of the International Labour Organisation, in particular Convention No. 95. By contractual employment relationships, the author means not only the relations based on an employment contract, but also any contractual relationship that creates on the part of the person performing work the obligation to perform work and on the part of the other party the obligation to pay remuneration for that work. The studies to date have not dealt extensively with the issues of the impact of International Labour Organisation’s (hereafter: ILO) standards on the level of wage protection in Poland. Furthermore, no thorough reflection on possible methods of such an impact and the setting of this issue on a timeline can be found.
Research objective: Therefore, in this paper, the author made an attempt to answer the questions of whether, to what extent, and what relevance for wage protection in Poland should be attributed to the ILO standards defined in Convention No. 95, and whether, and how, this has changed over time.
Methods: The research is based on a dogmatic analysis of the provisions of the Polish law and Convention No. 95 as well as the documents of the International Labour Organisation and the relevant legal literature. The historical method was applied to examine the transformations of wage protection in Poland.
Conclusions: As a result of the analysis, the author concluded that, at the time of the ratification of Convention No. 95, the Polish law met its standards. The departure from these standards was initiated by the economic transformations that took place in Poland after the systemic changes which had begun in 1989. This resulted from the emergence of new forms of employment (provided in civil law) that were devoid of the protection inherent in labour law. An essential factor which made it possible to stop the deterioration of social protection associated with the process was the “anchoring” of Poland in the ILO. Indeed, covering the forms of employment based on civil law by the protection-comprising elements that are proper to labour law was largely due to the need to respect the norm set by the Convention standards.
Moreover, the research carried out by the author allowed her to put forward a general thesis that international labour law should be assigned a kind of “fuse” role in addition to other roles it plays. It is because, to a large extent, it prevents a permanent departure from the developed standards of civilisation in the world of labour in situations where states are forced to depart from the standards on a temporary basis.
The Right to Disconnect: Rest in the Digital Age of Work from the International, European and Polish Law Perspectives
Authors: Kurzynoga Małgorzata
Published: July 2024

The aim of this article is to justify the thesis that the right to be offline (the right to disconnect from digital tools) is not a redundant term. It is an original and autonomous right, distinct from the general right to rest. It is a right that arises in the new world of work, shaped by constant electronic and digital connectivity, designed with other needs in mind and exemplifying the increased legal protection required for rest and family time in the modern digital age.
Importance of International Law for the Regulation of Domestic Work in Poland
Authors: Skupień Dagmara
Published: July 2024

This article presents the main acts of international law and the jurisprudence of European courts that aim to ensure decent working conditions for domestic workers. The author analyzes the legal status of this group of workers in Poland from the times before the Second World War until now. The publication argues that Polish legislation should be complemented by specific provisions concerning domestic workers. The introduction of such measures to the Polish legal system is necessary to align national law with the ILO legal acts. Moreover, the author proposes that state financial incentives for natural persons employing domestic workers should be available in certain cases to encourage the legalization of this type of work.
Polska regulacja pracy platformowej de lege ferenda z perspektywy prawa Unii Europejskiej
Authors: Mitrus Leszek
Published: July 2024

Tematem niniejszego opracowania jest projekt dyrektywy UE w sprawie poprawy warunków pracy za pośrednictwem platform internetowych oraz jego implikacje dla polskiego prawa pracy. Autor przedstawia planowane zmiany w dziedzinie statusu osób wykonujących pracę za pośrednictwem platform internetowych, w tym domniemanie istnienia stosunku pracy oraz nowe postanowienia dotyczące warunków pracy pracowników platformowych.
Dialog w zakresie bezpieczeństwa i higieny pracy – doświadczenia polskie a perspektywa międzynarodowego prawa pracy
Authors: Jarota Maciej
Published: July 2024

Dialog pomiędzy pracodawcą a związkami zawodowymi w sferze bhp jest kluczowym elementem wzmocnienia ochrony zdrowia pracowników. W wielu konwencjach i zaleceniach MOP odniesiono się do współpracy pomiędzy pracodawcami a pracownikami w przedmiocie warunków pracy. Mając na względzie nowe zagrożenia bhp, należy wzmocnić konsultacje bhp z pracownikami. Ich wsparcie powinno polegać na popularyzacji tej formy dialogu. Dodatkowo wprowadzenie w kodeksie pracy narzędzi porządkujących postępowanie przed komisją bhp może być uzasadnione zwłaszcza z perspektywy sprawności i merytorycznego przebiegu jej posiedzeń. Polska powinna również ratyfikować Konwencje MOP Nr 155 i Nr 187, co mogłoby nadać większe znaczenie konsultacjom w sprawach bezpieczeństwa i higieny pracy.
Влияние бентонитовой глины на гомеостаз микроэлементов у крыс в 92-дневном подостром эксперименте
Authors: Колобанов А.И. ,   Федеральный исследовательский центр питания, биотехнологии и безопасности пищи, Шумакова А.А. , Соколов И.Е. , Шипелин В.А. , Гмошинский И.В. , Хотимченко С.А. ,   Федеральный исследовательский центр питания, биотехнологии и безопасности пищи,   Федеральный исследовательский центр питания, биотехнологии и безопасности пищи,   Федеральный исследовательский центр питания, биотехнологии и безопасности пищи,   Федеральный исследовательский центр питания, биотехнологии и безопасности пищи,   Федеральный исследовательский центр питания, биотехнологии и безопасности пищи
Published: July 2024

Бентонитовые глины (БГ), содержащиеся в диете и присутствующие в лекарственных препаратах, могут влиять на биодоступность макро- и микроэлементов. Методом ICP-MS исследовано содержание 30 химических элементов в печени и почках крыс, получавших БГ с рационом в дозе 1–100 мг/кг массы тела. Выявлено достоверное влияние БГ на бионакопление эссенциальных элементов Ca, P, K, Fe, Se и Zn, а также снижение содержания токсичного As в почках животных. Полученные данные целесообразно использовать при гигиеническом нормировании содержания наноглин в пищевой продукции, а также при разработке протоколов использования препаратов БГ в качестве энтеросорбентов.
Содержание токсичных и незаменимых микроэлементов в пшеничных отрубях и муке
Authors: Лукьянова Е.С. ,   ФГБОУ ВО «Оренбургский государственный университет», Федотов В.А. ,   ФГБОУ ВО «Оренбургский государственный университет»
Published: July 2024

Цель исследования – изучение особенностей накопления химических элементов (Pb, Cd, As, Hg, Zn, Cu, Fe и Mn) в пшеничной муке и отрубях. На образцах зерна пшениц Оренбургской области показаны особенности накопления токсичных и незаменимых микроэлементов в определенных частях зерна. Содержание кадмия в муке варьирует от 0,093 до 0,114 мг/кг, в отрубях – от 0,108 до 0,137 мг/кг. Содержание свинца в муке изменялось от 0,075 до 0,121 мг/кг, в отрубях – от 0,21 до 0,88 мг/кг. Концентрация железа в отрубях выше (от 12,43 до 240,46 мг/кг), чем в муке (от 6,74 до 20,07 мг/кг) в 2–10 раз. Концентрация цинка в муке (6,154 ± 0,313 мг/кг) в среднем в 11 раз ниже, чем в отрубях.
Оценка химических форм меди в сыворотке крови крыс линии SHR при воздействии высококалорийной диеты
Authors: Молчанов М.К. ,   Стоматологическая клиника ООО «Максидент», Нотова С.В. , Маршинская О.В. , Казакова Т.В. ,   ФГБОУ ВО «Оренбургский государственный университет»,   ФГБОУ ВО «Оренбургский государственный университет»,   ФГБОУ ВО «Оренбургский государственный университет»
Published: July 2024

До недавнего времени элементный гомеостаз оценивали по общему содержанию химических элементов в различных биосубстратах, однако исследования последних лет показали, что изменения уровня микроэлементов даже в диапазоне нормальных значений сопровождается их перераспределением по различным белковым фракциям. В связи с этим целью данного исследования явилось изучение влияния высококалорийной диеты на особенности обмена меди в сыворотке крови. Животные были разделены на две группы: I группа (контрольная) получала общий рацион, II группа (опытная) получала высококалорийную диету. Общий рацион имел калорийность 270 ккал/100 г. Высококалорийная диета основана на добавлении к общему рациону свиного сала, кокосового и подсолнечного масел, в воду добавлялась фруктоза. На протяжении 12 недель калорийность ступенчато увеличивалась на 30, 60 и 90% от калорийности общего рациона. Анализ форм меди выполнен посредством разделения сыворотки крови на фракции с последующим определением содержания металла в каждой фракции методом масс-спектрометрии с индуктивно-связанной плазмой. Разделение проводили с помощью системы для высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии. В опытной группе выявлено увеличение уровня транскупреиновой фракции меди c 8 до 24%, низкомолекулярных форм меди с 5 до 15% на фоне снижения церулоплазминовой фракции меди с 65 до 43% и альбуминовой фракции меди с 22 до 18%. Оценка медных фракций в сыворотке крови позволила выявить наличие нарушений метаболизма данного металла при высококалорийной диете на этапе, предшествующем достоверным изменениям общей концентрации элемента в сыворотке крови.
Влияние дефицита йода на выраженность симптомов перименопаузы
Authors: Дубровина Е.А. ,   Оренбургский государственный медицинский университет, Кшнясева С.К. , Константинова О.Д. , Дубровина Г.В. , Федорова А.А. ,   Оренбургский государственный медицинский университет,   Оренбургский государственный медицинский университет,   Оренбургский клинический перинатальный центр,   Оренбургский государственный медицинский университет
Published: July 2024

По статистике средняя продолжительность жизни женской популяции неуклонно растет и более 1/3 своей жизни женщина находится в периоде пери- и постменопаузы. Перименопауза включает период менопаузального перехода и 12 месяцев после последней самостоятельной менструации. У женщин в период перименопаузы и ранней постменопаузе увеличивается частота заболеваний щитовидной железы. Такая высокая распространенность данной патологии возникает вследствие природного дефицита йода практически на всей территории Российской Федерации. Учитывая неизбежность климактерического перехода и возможные негативный последствия, все более пристальное внимание уделяется глобальным факторам, определяющим здоровье, таким как питание с соответствующим потреблением необходимого количества макро- и микроэлементов, адекватная физическая активность, полноценный сон. Особенно акценты в питании делаются при наличии эндемического дефицита того или иного компонента или трудности его естественного восполнения. Поэтому взаимосвязь симптомов менопаузы и дефицита микроэлементов очень актуальна, а восполнение йододефицита оказывает благоприятное влияние на процессы формирования и развития организма. Представлены исследования, доказывающие влияние уровня йода на особенности течения перименопаузы и состояний, сопровождающих ее (нарушение когнитивных функций, изменение метаболизма костной ткани, частота аномальных маточных кровотечений, риск сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний).
Динамика валового сброса загрязняющих химических веществ в сточных водах атомных электростанций, сбрасываемых в водные объекты на территории РФ
Authors: Сарайкин А.И. ,   ФГБОУ ВО «Оренбургский государственный университет»
Published: July 2024

Большинство важнейших отраслей промышленности не может существовать без воды. На атомных электростанциях (АЭС) вода нужна как для технологических нужд, так и для вспомогательных – хозяйственно-питьевых, использования в системах повторного водоснабжения, подпитки и продувки водоёма-охладителя и др. В общей сложности в Российской Федерации (РФ) насчитывается 36 энергоблоков на 11 действующих АЭС. Объём забора воды осуществляется согласно установленным лимитам на один календарный год. На основе разрешительных документов, регулирующих природоохранную деятельность, осуществляется и водоотведение. В данной работе представлено суммарное содержание вредных химических веществ в сточных водах, сбрасываемых в водные объекты действующими АЭС на территории РФ, а также приведено установленное нормативами допустимое количество сбросов. Проанализирована динамика изменения валового сброса.
Early morning bright light therapy: its next-day effects on early morning physical performance, temperature, and mood
Authors: Calcagni Ed , Hajdukiewicz Dani , Blow Liv , Durkin Kyle , Porritt George
Published: July 2024

Many different popular sports such as swimming, rowing or team-based sports involve having to perform whether in training or competition at a high level in the early morning (Olympics.com, 2023). Various research papers in the past have shown that there is a distinct diurnal variation in physical performance. Finding ways to improve early morning performance would greatly benefit many athletes and teams in multiple disciplines. 11 active males [mean ± SD: age, 21 ± 1 years, body mass, 78 ± 8 kg and stature, 180 ± 5 cm) volunteered, completed two familiarisations. Then two experimental sessions randomly allocated in a counterbalanced order 1) bright light therapy/ 2) no bright light therapy was administered at 07:00 h for 1 h the next morning (07:00 h) participants came into the laboratory where Intra-aural temperature, mood was assessed using the Perceived Onset Mood State questionnaire and right and left grip strength using a hand grip dynamometer were taken. Finally, participants undertook a warmup, the completed 10 × 20 m repeated sprints (RS) with 30 s recoveries on an indoor running track, with heart rate, finishing time and perceived exertion measured every sprint. Blood lactate was measured at rest, after the warm-up and post RS. Data were analysed using general-linear models.
Changes over a decade of fitness within a Scottish soccer academy and the impact of first team relegation on academy physical profiles
Authors: Craig Thomas P , Maughan Patrick , Clark Dave R , McArdle Michael , Ritchie Jack W , Reid Donald
Published: July 2024

Introduction: academy soccer practitioners have a responsibility to prepare youth players for the demands of first team. The development of physical capabilities to sustain the high intensity locomotor activities that have been reported in elite soccer is essential. Challenges exist monitoring locomotor targets as resource limitations mean that often academies will not have locomotor data, instead relying on physiological testing to assess whether a player is ready for first team transition. Physiological testing results have a direct relationship with locomotor activity. Physical development has been shown over various longitudinal periods with established progression in speed, change of direction, lower body power and endurance in elite Austrian youths, increases in VO2max in an elite regional French academy and in the interval shuttle run test of over 50% in elite Dutch academy. The success of a club’s academy can lead to increased resource allocation however some organisational challenges such as relegation can have a severe financial impact. The initial aim of the present study was to establish whether previously observed changes in physical capacity were observed in a professional Scottish soccer academy over a ten-year period. A further aim was to assess the impact of first team relegation on academy physical profiles considering the resource implications of relegation. Methodology:  a retrospective analysis was completed where Linear Mixed Effect (LME) Models were fitted to explain variation across each measure of physical capacity. Model selection was undertaken with Likelihood Ratio Tests where initial complex models were compared to simpler nested models to arrive at the final model by maximum likelihood. The impact of relegation was assessed by LME models to assess whether physical capacity measures changed post relegation. Ethical approval was granted. Results: 5 m best time reduced by 0.0055 s per year (t = −11.8, p < 0.001), 10 m best time reduced by 0.008 s per year (t = −9.2, p < 0.001), 20 m best time reduced by 0.011 s per year (t = −7.8, p < 0.001).  CMJ increased each year depended on age group with the older cohorts showing greater improvement and the YYIR1 distance increased each year varying across age group.  Performance of aforementioned physical capacity measures significantly reduced with relegation, except 20 m best time (t = −1.4, p = 0.16). Application: reference values within clubs that establish first team requirements will contribute to appropriate transition strategies.  By conducting analyses related to uncontrollable challenges, practitioners can use these results to protect against criticism and withdrawal of resource when physical progression is negatively impacted.