bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penerapan Metode Triple Exponential Smoothing Dalam Prediksi Penanaman Bibit Kelapa Sawit Pada PT. Palmanco Inti Sawit
Authors: Santika Debby , Hayati Ratna Sri , Lazuli Ivi
Published: September 2021

PT. Palmanco Inti Sawit adalah perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang produksi dan penjualan hasil olahan sawit. Namun ada beberapa kendala yang dihadapi oleh perusahaan yaitu sistem yang berjalan masih tergolong semi komputerisasi dalam proses penentuan prediksi penanaman bibit kelapa sawit dan pembuatan laporan prediksi penanaman bibit kelapa sawit membutuhkan waktu yang cukup lama Karena sistem yang berjalan pada perusahaan masih kurang akurat atau tergolong semi komputerisasi. Kendala yang dihadapi oleh PT. Palmanco Inti Sawit adalah bagian lapangan harus mendata satu persatu hasil panen sawit yang terjadi sehingga kurang akurat dalam penentuan perhitungan prediksi penanaman bibit kelapa sawit, dan proses perhitungan prediksi pembibitan kelapa sawit masih menggunakan perhitungan sederhana yaitu dengan menggunakan aplikasi Microsoft excel, sering terjadi kesalahan dalam perhitungan prediksi dan jumlah penanaman bibit kelapa sawit tidak sinkron dengan data pembibitan kelapa sawit sesungguhnya, yang menjadi bahan penelitian penulis adalah data penanaman bibit sawit periode tahun 2019 sampai dengan April 2020. Dibutuhkan metode dalam perhitungan prediksi pembibitan kelapa sawit ke periode berikutnya sehingga dapat mempermudah bagian pembibitan dalam menentukan jumlah bibit yang akan diperlukan pada periode yang akan datang serta dalam pembuatan laporan prediksi pembibitan penanaman bibit kelapa sawit dapat diperoleh dengan efektif.
How to Read the Word for Lazarus Resurrection? On the Question of Old Russian Myth-Making and Religious Imagination in the Slavic Medieval Apocrypha World
Authors:   Waseda University, Kiyoharu Miura
Published: September 2021

The article sets the task of investigating, using the example of the apocryphal Word for Lazarus Resurrection, some of the features of old Russian myth-making and the manifestation of religious imagination reflected in the Slavic medieval apocrypha. For this, the concept of “divine sight” is introduced, which goes back to the principle of the image described by P. Florensky and called ‘the eyes of God’. In addition, the proposed article suggests that Old Russian Word for Lazarus Resurrection has a connection with ancient literature. The article is divided into three parts. To substantiate the proposed assumptions, the first part of the article is devoted to an overview of the history of the study of this apocryphal work before A.S. Nikolaev (a researcher of our time), who emphasizes the connection between the Word for Lazarus Resurrection with the Indo-European root. To substantiate the application of the “divine sight” technique in the analysis of a literary work, in the second part of the article, we will consider the cultural soil of the ancient Christian apocrypha. Further, on the basis of the first two parts in the third part, using the concept of “divine sight,” we will analyze the drama of the Word for Lazarus Resurrection.
The Parables in Ivan Timofeev’s Temporary: Typology and Artistic Specific
Authors:   A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tufanova Olga A.
Published: September 2021

The purpose of the article is to identify the specifics of the parable’s genre form in the Temporary by Ivan Timofeev. Among the full-text “parables- narrations” in the text we can distinguish parables-stories, parables-reflections, parables-instructions. The parables-stories (The Parable of the Tsar’s Roman Son ... and two parables about the widowhood of the Muscovy) are distinguished by a developed plot and represent vital examples told in order to edify and clarify the author’s attitude to historical events and persons. All parables have a two- part structure. The first part is a plot, the second is an interpretation. The technique of abstraction is appeared in the absence of a portrait and nature in many of the characters and in the absence of the historical and geographical realities. At the same time, didacticism is skillfully combined with amusement. For example, in The Parable of the Tsar’s Roman Son... the plot is entertaining with an element of the miraculous, there are elements atypical for the “classical” genre form: various kinds of the motivation for the characters’ actions, as well as a conventional portrait. The second part in the parables-stories is an interpretation that doesn’t contain a detailed disclosure of the allegory, and a prayer to the Lord, returning to the events of the Time of Troubles. An intermediate position between “parables-narrations” and “parables-maxims” is occupied by the parable of two friends. Being an example from life in content, it is close in form to apothegms. The interpretation of the plot situation is not singled out in a parable-reflection in a separate part, it is organically woven into the plot, drawing in the potential possibility of the events development. The plot of the parable about simple natural affairs reminds the instruction of how a person should act when he wants to travel to some city or another country. A laconic interpretation testifies to the fact that the parable-instruction about the completion of the path is applicable, according to Timofeev, to the creative process of writing a historical essay. In general, the parables scattered in many fragments of the text, given in full or only indicated, are a kind of companions that help not only create an extensive historical work, but also comprehend the unusual events of the Time of Troubles.
On Some Features of the Text Division of the Tale from Lives of Peter and Fevronia of Murom by Hermolaus-Erasmus (On the Material of List no. 287/307 of RNL Solovetsky Manuscript Collection)
Authors: Gladkova Olesya V.
Published: September 2021

The Tale from the Lives of Peter and Fevronia has by now an established editorial tradition, according to which the entire text is divided into paragraphs, and its own hagiographic part, which is, without an introduction and praise, is reproduced with division into four parts. This tradition took shape gradually in the works of domestic researchers (M.O. Skripil, R.P. Dmitrieva, etc.). As a result, the publishing division began to be mistakenly perceived as an author’s division. The article examines some of the graphic features of the author’s list of the Tale (RNL, Sol. 287/307) — lowercase characters (large and regular dots, commas), their combinations with capital letters, etc. Analysis of the system of graphic characters suggests that the text was divided by a hagiographer into several parts, for example, in the life itself they are distinguished: 1) a representative story about Paul, his wife and the snake; 2) the story of Peter’s salvation through Fevronia; 3) the story of ideal government and ideal marriage; 4) monasticism, repose and posthumous miracles; 5) the appeal of people to the saints for healing. The data obtained make it possible to judge in a new way both the plot-compositional structure of the monument, and also about the concept of Hermolaus-Erasmus as a whole.
The Experiment of Technological and Codicological Research of Old Russian Parchment Manuscripts of the Second Half of the 13th–14th Centuries
Authors:   National Library of Russia, Lyakhovitsky Yevgeny A. , Simonova Ekaterina S. ,   National Library of Russia, Shibaev Mikhail A. ,   National Library of Russia
Published: September 2021

The article analyzes the types of lining of Old Russian codexes. The conclusion is made that there are two main techniques of lining — tra- ditional with the use of a special awl or knife and for the first time described in Russian historiography — with the use of a template. It is concluded that when using an awl or a knife, the lining furrows can be either wide, oval or rectangular in cross-section, or narrow (angular or triangular in cross-sec- tion), depending on the tool. Observations on the nature of the location of line grooves and punctures allowed us to reconstruct the technology of preparing parchment for writing. In most cases, the two-bifol lining was used. After the 4 bifolia were folded in half, punctures were made in the fields. Then the block was again sorted into 2 sheets. The sheets of parchment were unbent again. Lining was deployed at bifolia, not one tile at a time. In the pre-Mongol peri- od, in most of the studied manuscripts, there is a clear difference in the color of the hair (darker and yellowish) and flesh (lighter) sides. At a later time, the technology changed significantly, and in codexes, created in the period from the second half of the 13th–15th centuries differences between the flesh and hair sides are practically not observed, as a result of which the so-called Gregory’s rule is not executed. The article also analyzes the technique of template lining of parchment manuscripts. The earliest known case of this type of lining is recorded in the copy of Izbornik (Anthology) of 1073 year, which was created in Moscow back to 1403. The appearance of template technology significantly diversified the lining schemes.
On a Special Edition of Manuscript Synodikoses — Literary Collections of the 18th Century
Authors:   The Program Systems Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Sukina Liudmila B.
Published: September 2021

The type of Synodikos with a literary preface appeared at the end of the 16th century and developed and spread in the 17th century. It is believed that the study of the copies of the 18th century does not add essential information about the repertoire of collections of Synodikos. However, manuscripts can still be found that do not completely fit into the general picture of the ideas available in current science about the composition of literary collections of the late Synodikos. The article examines three handwritten front Synodikos books identified by the author, which differ significantly in the composition of literary prefaces from the general mass of those Synodikoses of the third edition common in the 18th century (I.V. Dergacheva). They are based on miniatures copied from engravings of various editions of the Synodikos by Leonty Bunin, and selected texts that match their meaning. A similar principle of compiling a moralistic collection was used in the Patriarch Adrian Synodikos (O.R. Khromov). The manuscripts in question have different origins and history of existence, but demonstrate thematic and stylistic affinity. They are also united by a curious combination in preface collections of poetic and prose texts. All this gives reason to say that in this case we are dealing with a special edition of the Synodikos — a literary collection that existed in the 18th century.
The Chronicler of Sablins Merchants — Unknown Monument of Ustyug Chronicles of the Last Quarter of the 17th — First Half of the 18th Centuries
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Belov Nikita V.
Published: September 2021

The article introduces into scientific circulation a previously un- known monument to the private Ustyug chronicle of the 17th — 18th centuries. It represents several blocks of chronicles for the years of 1601–1735, left on clean lists of RSL manuscript, f. 310 (collection of V.M. Undolsky), No. 387. The study of ownership marks of the manuscript, as well as the annalistic text read in it allows us to make attribution of the work in question with confidence. Accord- ing to the author, the chronicler was created in a family of Ustyug merchants Sablin in 1670–1730s. The chronicle combines the features of the city chronicler, family notebook and diary notes. It reflects important milestones in the history of Veliky Ustyug: the events of the Troubles, the city fires of 1677 and 1678, the observation of the Big Comet of 1680/81, the Solovetsky trips of Peter the Great, the crop failures of the second half of the 1690s, the flood of 1723. The compilers of the chronicler pay special attention to the Ivanovsky fire of 1715 — the text of the chronicle preserved three independent descriptions of this natural disaster. The article concludes with the publication of the text by the Sablin’s Chronicle and the owner’s records of the manuscript of the Undolsky collection.
Corpus of Patriarch Nikon’s Inscriptions on “Sacred Things”: Questions of Textology and Architectural and Artistic Design
Authors:   State Budgetary Educational Institution of the Moscow Region “New Jerusalem” Museum, Zelenskaya Galina M. , Sevastyanova Svetlana K. ,   Institute of Philology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,   Rubtsovsk Industrial Institute (branch) of the Altai State Technical University
Published: September 2021

In the vast and varied written heritage of Metropolitan and Patriarch Nikon, the inscriptions on the “holy things” that were written with the participa- tion of, or on his behalf, occupy a special place. These texts, different in volume and content, exist as notes on sheets of manuscript and early printed books, in the form of belts and compositions of tiled temple decoration, as well as on an- timenes, crosses, icons, bells, liturgical vessels, and seals. Many of them by their origin and location are associated with the patriarchal monasteries — the Resur- rection in New Jerusalem near Moscow, the Iversky Svyatoozersky in Valdai and the Onega Godfather on the Kiy-island. The corpus of the inscriptions, united by the name of the Primate, has never been studied in its entirety and systematically. The authors of the article attempted to fill these gaps by applying an integrated approach in the study. They prepared on the principle of a catalog a register of “holy things” — sacred objects that make up a single whole with the texts present- ed on them. The inscriptions are classified according to the functional purpose of the objects on which they are located. The groups of annals-historical, spiritual- educational, liturgical, historical-topographic, supplementary and owner’s in- scriptions are distinguished. Historical and philological research of texts is com- plemented by an analysis of the symbolic and semantic aspects of their architectur- al and artistic design. The inscriptions appear in the context of the iconic work of Patriarch Nikon, including hierotopic, iconographic and architectural programs, embodied with the participation of masters from Great, Small and White Russia. A comprehensive study allowed us to see the inscriptions and the personality of His Holiness Nikon from a perspective that reveals the richest spectrum of litur- gical, church-historical, patristic and artistic traditions of Old Russia, combined with new trends melted down in the furnace of Orthodoxy.
Alexander the Great and the Characters of a Novel Laurus by Eugene Vodolazkin
Authors:   Orel State University named after I.S. Turgenev, Shaikin Aleksandr A.
Published: September 2021

The main action of the novel Laurus by E.G. Vodolazkin is set in Russia (Rus’) of the 15th century, and full of quotes and retelling of plots and fragments of a large number of translated medieval works that existed in the Russian Middle Ages. The central place among them belongs to a narration (a novel) about Alexander the Great — its manuscript is kept under the icon as the Holy Scripture. The article examines the juxtaposition of situations and problems of the main characters of Vodolazkin’s novel and situations and the personality of Alexander whose image permeates the text of the modern novel accompanying the worldview searches of its heroes. Young Arseny is impressed by the renowned commander primarily because he is a tireless explorer of lands — countries, peoples, bizarre creatures and phenomena of those lands. Later Arseny (who becomes Amvrosy and Laurus on his way) comprehends the category of the path in connection with Alexander, namely the path of salvation for the soul of Ustina. The prediction of Alexander’s tragic death — “on the iron earth under the bone sky” — is projected by the heroine, Ustina, onto her own fate, but there is no fatal inevitability in the prediction: its retelling does not prevent another heroine, Anastasia, from giving a birth to a child successfully. At the end of the novel there appears a question: “What a strange life Alexander had. What was its historical purpose?” The question is asked by Anastasia who is falling asleep, and Laurus answers it himself: “Life has no historical purpose. Or it’s not primary. It seems to me that Alexander realized this only right before his death.” Actually it’s the hero of Vodolazkin’s novel who understands this instead of Alexander before his imminent death. Having conquered the world Alexander died before reaching his home land in accordance with the prediction of Antiphon. Laurus who is saving the soul of his beloved, returns to his home place and dies with a newborn baby in his arms, thereby compensating for the loss that shook him and Ustina at the beginning of life.
Breakthrough and thermodynamic adsorption of Cr (VI) y Ni (II) bioadsorption in continuous system
Authors: Tejada Tovar Candelaria Nahir , Newball López Luis Carlos , Cardona Lara Camilo Esteban
Published: September 2021

The removal of heavy metals present in water is an issue of environmental interest, due to bioaccumulation,
biomagnification and the carcinogenic and mutagenic effects on living beings. The objective of the present study was to use plantain peel residues in Chromium (VI) and Nickel (II) removal in continuous system, evaluating the effect of bedheight, temperature and adsorbent particle size on the process; obtaining a 98.7% 99.71% removal yield for Cr (VI) and Ni(II), respectively. The FTIR showed that the bioadsorbent has
a heterogeneous structure with the presence of hydroxyl groups, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons, carbonyls, carboxyl, among others, and it was established that the process is controlled by electrostatic reactions between the active centers and the metal. The breaka ge curve was carried out under the optimal conditions established by the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and it was established that the
bioadsorbent has an extensive useful life, as it was not saturated throughout the process. The hermodynamic parameters established that the process is exothermic and irreversible, being favored at room temperature. Taking into account the behavior of plantain peels during the breakage curve, it is recommended to use it as a filler in a packed bed to remove Cr (VI) and Ni (II).
Identificación de un modelo lineal adecuado para evaluar características pre-destete en ganado criollo colombiano Blanco Orejinegro
Authors: Naranjo Guerrero Luisa Fernanda , Herrera Alberiro López , Rincon Florez Juan Carlos , González Herrera Luis Gabriel
Published: September 2021

La Raza criolla Blanco Orejinegro (BON) tiene un proceso de adaptación de más de 500 años a las condiciones ambientales de Colombia. Se caracteriza por ser una raza doble propósito utilizada para la producción de leche y carne, convirtiéndola en un patrimonio biológico de gran importancia que debe ser estudiado. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar un modelo lineal adecuado para evaluar características pre-destete en ganado criollo Blanco Orejinegro. Se recolectó y depuró información de pesajes de cuatro hatos de ganado BON. Las características evaluadas fueron peso a los 4 meses (P4M), peso al destete (PD) y ganancia diaria de peso entre los 4 meses y el destete (GDP4M-D). Se evaluaron nueve modelos lineales en los que se incluyeron como efectos fijos los siguientes factores: sexo, hato, mes de pesaje o nacimiento, número de parto, época de pesaje o época de nacimiento (época seca o lluviosa), edad (covariable, efecto fijo y ajustada por regresión), año de pesaje o año de nacimiento y grupo contemporáneo (GC) compuesto por sexo y hato para GDP4M-D y sexo, hato y año de pesaje para P4M y PD, con mínimo cinco observaciones por GC. Para identificar el modelo lineal más adecuado para cada característica se utilizó el valor de AIC (Akaike information criterion), BIC (Bayesian information criterion), coeficiente de determinación (R2) y la suma de cuadrados del error (SCE). El modelo más adecuado para todas las características fue aquel que involucró el GC y edad como efecto fijo para P4M y edad como covariable para PD.
Manufacture of student chair in composite material reinforced with fique fiber
Authors: Gómez Sergio Andrés , Cordoba Edwin , Vega Mesa Christian , Gómez Becerra Sergio
Published: September 2021

The use of natural fibers as reinforcement for composite materials is on the rise due to the need to reduce environmental damage and manufacture sustainable products. One of the fibers used for this purpose is fique fiber. This article describes the manufacture of a student chair with fique fiber-reinforced composite material. To choose the amount of reinforcement to be used in the elaboration of the chair, the mechanical characterization of several composites with different percentages of the fiber was carried out, where it was found that both the flexural and tensile properties increased with a higher insertion of fique. The selected material was analyzed morphologically with optical microscopy, finding that there was good adhesion between the fiber and the matrix. A simulation with finite elements showed that the chair would resist a load of 100 kg. The student chair was manufactured using the Hand Lay Up technique with material composed of fique fiber and polyester resin.
Epistemological beliefs in relation to the Content, teaching and learning of mathematics teachers
Authors: Uzuriaga López Vivian Libeth
Published: September 2021

One result of the research is the paper "integral intervention of mathematics' teaching and learning processes" developed in a public university in Colombia, Latin America. The analysis of the epistemological beliefs of a group of academics from the Mathematics Department, who teach subjects to engineer and technology students is presented. We performed descriptive and quantitative cohort research. The objective was to identify the beliefs regarding mathematics' content, learning, and teaching. The 56 participants were included from a voluntary sample, in which the majority were engineers. A questionnaire adapted from Vizcaíno, with a specific domain of mathematical beliefs, approached from the multidimensional model de Schommer was used as a measuring instrument. The results showed that, in general, the teachers' system beliefs are naive or simple and in some specific topics sophisticated. It was observed a percentage of teachers who didn't assume a precise position in their beliefs when responding neutrally to the questionnaire, which could be interpreted as a lack of reflection on their teaching practice, which revealed the need to generate discussion spaces for promoting reflective practices that improve the mathematics' learning. Likewise, the need for training in mathematics' history, epistemological knowledge, and didactics was evidenced, which promotes better mathematics teaching practices.
La Ciencia Política en Colombia. Reflexiones sobre su quehacer investigativo
Authors: Cuellar-Argote Julián Andrés , Huertas Sergio Alfonso , Sánchez Camila Andrea
Published: September 2021

El artículo se centra en analizar el estado de la investigación científica de la ciencia política en Colombia. Por lo tanto, la investigación ahonda en el examen de los grupos que se encuentran reconocidos y avalados por Colciencias. De esta manera, se provee de información útil sobre las áreas de estudio en las que se encuentran enfocados los grupos de investigación en el país, así como la ubicación geográfica, el carácter público o privado y el género de los miembros adscritos. Entre los principales hallazgos se da cuenta de una disciplina orientada principalmente en la investigación en conflicto, seguridad y paz, junto a relaciones internacionales. A su vez, se evidencia una desatención en los temas de política comparada, metodología y economía política. Finalmente, el estudio plantea la necesidad de propender un mayor liderazgo de mujeres frente a los grupos y consolidar la investigación en ciencia política fuera de las principales urbes de Colombia.
The Role of Entrepreneurship Activity in Economic Development
Authors:   Gujarat Technological University, Sanchaniya Rashmi Jaymin , Geipele Ineta ,   Riga Technical University
Published: September 2021

The paper presents a summary of the literature on the significance and importance of entrepreneurship to economic growth and development. Entrepreneurship has been shown to have been seen to lead to an overall optimistic development in many economic data. There is a general expectation that this inquiry would address the question of whether there is a correlation between the entrepreneurial enterprise and economic growth. In countries with various economic groups, different citizens are classed due to how much wealth they have. The data used in this paper were extracted from the World Bank, the World Entrepreneurship Monitor (WEM) over the last five years, and the World Economic Forum has a Database of Worldwide businesses. However, in low-middle- and middle-income nations, growth-oriented entrepreneurship is associated with economic progress. Analysis of various countries and different levels of economic growth, so it can be claimed that entrepreneurship serves a special position.
Characteristics of the Factors Affecting the Performance of the Global Business Services Sector in Latvia
Authors:   Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Zile Edite , Licite-Kurbe Lasma ,   Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies
Published: September 2021

In Latvia, the global business services sector accounts for 2.3 % of GDP, and its share in total service exports is 8 %, while the turnover of the sector in 2019 was estimated at EUR 400 mln., which indicates that the global business services sector in Latvia is an important component of the national economy. The global business services sector in Latvia has developed relatively recently, so it has not yet been sufficiently assessed and researched. The aim of the research is to describe the factors affecting the development of the global business services sector in Latvia. The research concluded that the global business services sector in Latvia was promoted by such factors as the availability of labour and low labour costs, as well as a relatively favourable business environment. The potential of the global business services sector in Latvia is also characterized by its advantageous geographical location, especially from the perspective of Scandinavian investors (including in terms of cultural similarities), as well as the foreign language skills of potential employees. The establishment of the Association of Business Service Leaders in Latvia (ABSL Latvia) (the only such an association in the Baltic States that defends the interests of this sector) is also an important driver for the development of the sector.
Forest Ecosystem Services in Latvia: Assessing of Experience and Tendencies
Authors:   Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Feldmanis Rolands , Pilvere Irina ,   Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies
Published: September 2021

The research observed the experience of Latvia in valuing ecosystem services. The development of the economy of Latvia is significantly affected by the forest area reaching 52 % of the country’s total area. Assessing the services of the ecosystem of Latvia and valuing them in monetary terms could significantly change the structure of the economy of Latvia. Therefore, the value of ecosystem services consumed domestically and the possibility to export the services should be taken into account when drawing up policy documents for the forest and related industries of Latvia. The research aims to make a theoretical observation and experience collection of ecosystem service valuation methods and indicators that determine the value of ecosystem services and suggest the main methods for valuing the services of the ecosystem of Latvia. It should be acknowledged that no extensive research on the potential monetary contribution of ecosystem services to the national economy has been conducted in Latvia. Several research studies that focused only on certain areas have been carried out in Latvia. It should be emphasized that valuation practice employs a wide range of methods. Therefore, it is necessary to examine and select the most appropriate methods for identifying the value of ecosystem services under Latvian conditions, supplementing the range of the methods and adapting them to local conditions so that they help to more accurately value ecosystem services in the national and international context. Determining the value of ecosystem services would help to redirect the flow of national investment from traditional industries to efficient forest land management. Otherwise, private forest properties are increasingly sold to foreign businesses, which might lead to a lower value of the national capital of Latvia in the future.
Possibilities of Biogas Production from Livestock Waste in Latvia
Authors:   Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Millers Janis , Pilvere Irina ,   Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies
Published: September 2021

With the adoption of the Green Deal in the European Union (EU), the role of biodiversity, basic principles of the circular economy, climate change mitigation, forest protection and renewable energy increased. Since 2007, biogas production in Latvia has increased significantly, as it was possible to receive co-funding from the EU Funds for the construction of biogas plants. In 2021, inputs of agricultural origin are used by 40 biogas plants with an average installed capacity of 1 MW. The emergence of biogas plants on livestock farms is facilitated by the development of a circular economy producing waste from the production process – manure and feed waste. Anaerobic fermentation results in digestate – a nutrient-rich plant fertilizer that reduces the application of chemical fertilizers. Rational use of biogas can reduce the need for fossil fuels. Energy production from biogas should be encouraged, as waste is used efficiently, thereby generating energy and reducing the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. In Latvia, livestock production is one of the key industries of the national economy, which produces manure and feed waste. The present research calculated the amounts of cattle, pig and poultry manure and feed waste in Latvia. The research analysed livestock farms by number of cattle, pigs and poultry, the potential amounts of manure and waste produced and theoretical biogas output. Theoretically, 309 farms analysed can produce 93.5 mln. m3 of biogas from agricultural waste and construct 269 new biogas plants. A policy for supporting the construction of new biogas plants would contribute to the country’s independence from fossil energy sources, as well as increase the proportion of renewable energy sources to 50-70 % in final energy consumption by 2030. Farmers on whose farms a biogas plant could be built need to carefully consider the uses of the biogas produced. The uses could be thermal energy generation for heat supply, cogeneration (thermal and electrical energy) or biomethane production.
Entrepreneurship in the time of COVID-19: Challenges, Opportunities and Governmet Assistance in Latvia
Authors:   Riga Stradins University, Berke-Berga Anzelika , Dovladbekova Inna ,   Riga Stradins University, Urbane Marta ,   Riga Stradins University
Published: September 2021

The aim of this article is to analyse the government assistance provided to entrepreneurs in Latvia and its efficiency and appropriateness to the economic conditions encountered by entrepreneurs during the COVID-19 crisis. An insight into international experience creates the framework of this study. The empirical analysis is based on secondary data analysis and entrepreneur’s survey data on business response to COVID-19 related pandemics restrictions and government assistance in Latvia. The observed business areas are financial and risk management, international trade, communication, employment, innovations, strategic change and legal issues. The paper finds that the crisis affected the most such industries as accommodation and food services; arts, entertainment and recreation. The result provides support to justification for a national long-term crisis management strategy for business sustainability.
The Deterrence of Rapid Metabolic Decline within 3 Months after Teplizumab Treatment in Individuals at High Risk for Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Sims Emily K. , Cuthbertson David , Herold Kevan C. , Sosenko Jay M.
Published: September 2021

Endpoints
that provide an early identification of treatment effects are needed to
implement type 1 diabetes prevention trials more efficiently. To this end, we
assessed whether metabolic endpoints can be used to detect a teplizumab effect
on rapid β-cell decline within 3 months after treatment in high-risk
individuals in the TrialNet teplizumab trial. Glucose and C-peptide response
curves (GCRCs) were constructed by plotting mean glucose and C-peptide values
from 2-hour oral glucose tolerance tests on a 2-dimensional grid. Groups were
compared visually for changes in GCRC shape and movement. GCRC changes
reflected marked metabolic deterioration in the placebo group within 3 months
of randomization. By 6 months, GCRCs resembled typical GCRCs at diagnosis. In
contrast, GCRC changes in the teplizumab group suggested metabolic improvement.
Quantitative comparisons, including two novel metabolic endpoints that indicate
GCRC changes, the Within Quadrant Endpoint (WQE) and the Ordinal Directional
Endpoint (ODE), were consistent with visual impressions of an appreciable
treatment effect at 3 and 6-month timepoints. In conclusion, an analytic
approach combining visual evidence with novel endpoints, demonstrated that
Teplizumab delays rapid metabolic decline, and improves the metabolic state
within 3 months after treatment; this effect extends for at least 6 months.
Analysis of the results of pancreas transplantation in one transplant center in Russia
Authors: Dmitriev I. V. , Shchelykalina S. P. , Lonshakov D. V. , Anisimov Yu. A. , Kazantsev A. I. , Pinchuk A. V.
Published: September 2021

Introduction. The total number of pancreas transplantations performed in Russia by the end of 2019 had been 176. There are no detailed reports on the number and results of pancreas transplantation in Russia with analysis of factors that significantly affect outcomes.Material and methods. This article presents a retrospective analysis of 60 pancreas transplantation results, which had been performed from January 2008 to July 2019 at the N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine. In addition, the assessment of factors that significantly affect the outcomes of pancreas transplantations was performed.Results. 17 intra-abdominal pancreas transplantations with duodenoejunoanastomosis and 43 retroperitoneal pancreas transplantations with interduodenal anastomosis were performed. In 52 patients, the pancreas graft after vascular reconstruction with a Y-shaped vascular prosthesis was used; in other 8 patients, the pancreas graft with isolated blood flow through the splenic artery was used. The rates of immunological and surgical complications were 23.3% and 56.7%, respectively. In-hospital and 1-year recipient, kidney and pancreas graft survival rates were 88.3%, 86.4%, 83.3% and 86.6%, 84.8%, and 81.7%, respectively. The factors that significantly affected the outcomes of pancreas transplantation were the conversion of the dialysis therapy modality, the development of parapancreatic infection, repeated open surgical interventions, surgical complications of IIIb-IVa severity grades by Clavien-Dindo Classification, some features of basic and induction immunosuppressive therapy.Conclusion. The results of pancreas transplantation at the N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine are comparable to the outcomes of pancreas transplantation in most world transplant centers.
Materials used for knee ligament grafting
Authors: Budaev A. A. , Makarov M. S. , Slastinin V. V. , Borovkova N. V.
Published: September 2021

The authors have presented the review of scientific literature on producing grafts intended for surgical reconstruction of ligament ruptures. The treatment of ligament ruptures in reconstructive plastic surgery could be performed by using synthetic grafts, autologous and allogenic grafts from tissue donors. Advantages of synthetic grafts include the possibility of their regular manufacturing under sterile conditions, and providing mechanical properties, high biocompatibility. However, synthetic implants significantly increase the risk of synovitis and other complications, they can not be replaced by the native tissue, and have no ability to regeneration. Autologous grafts have ideal tissue compatibility and quick biointegration, could be harvested from different anatomical sites, but commonly the graft harvesting is followed by donor site morbidity and potential risk of injury nerves, elongates operation time, bad cosmetic results. The use of autografts may be also limited by anatomical features of the patient. Allogenic ligament biomaterial could provide wide range of grafts, but in our days there is no standardized methods for ligament graft sterilization and long storage. Wellknown sterilization methods, such as ionized radiation and chemical treatment, gave controversial results. One could conclude that estimation of ligament graft viability must include a complex study of biomechanical properties, cell and fibers integrity.
Обзор современных представлений о буллинге как социально-психологическом явлении и его гендерных особенностях
Authors: Агасиян Ася А.
Published: September 2021

На сегодняшний день проблема буллинга в образовательных учреждениях продолжает стоят очень остро. Появление новых электронных средств и способов коммуникации только усиливает это явление, способствует развитию новых способов травли, например, кибербуллинг. Несмотря на многочисленные психологические исследования и усиления внимания к этой проблеме администраций образовательных учреждений и психологов-практиков, эта проблема далека от решения. Новизна исследования заключается в обзоре современных исследований различных аспектов буллинга и освещении недостаточно изученного на данный момент гендерного аспекта травли. Во Введении отражены главные аспекты буллинга как социально-психологического явления: влияние на психологическое состояние жертв буллинга, психологические особенности жертв буллинга, основные характеристики этого явления. В Теоретическом обосновании автор описывает различные классификации видов буллинга; причины, которые могут вызывать агрессивное поведение инициаторов травли, приводит структуру ситуации травли, а также различные роли участников этой ситуации: инициатор, жертва, свидетели или наблюдатели. Далее автор уделяет внимание обзор мотивов, которые побуждают инициаторов травли к агрессивным действиям. Автор уделяется внимание и практическому аспекту: обозначению признаков, по которым можно определить, что ситуация представляет собой именно буллинг и требует экстренного вмешательства. Особое внимание автор посвящает обзору исследований, посвященных гендерным аспектам травли. В Обсуждении результатов автором рассматриваются различные мнения исследований о психологической сущности явления буллинга и обозначаются проблемные области в исследовании данного вопроса. В Заключении автор делает вывод о необходимости учета гендерного аспекта буллинга для профилактики этого явления и отмечает необходимость поиска инструментов для выявления потенциальных инициаторов травли на ранних этапах.
Интернет поведение детей младшего школьного возраста
Authors: Чумак Маргарита И. , Елагина Марина Ю.
Published: September 2021

В статье представлены результаты исследования интернет поведение детей младшего школьного возраста. Рассмотрены возможные угрозы, причины и решение в случае аддиктивного поведения детей данной возрастной группы. Во Введении показана социальная значимость проблемы. Оценивается влияние Интернет пространства на становление мировоззрения и личностную структуру ребенка. Показаны возрастные особенности данной возрастной группы. Анализируются причины аддиктивного поведения. Новизна исследования заключается в представлении краткого обзора исследований по проблеме Интернет поведения детей младшего школьного возраста. В Теоретическом обосновании анализируется поведение младших школьников с приходом технологизации и цифровизации. Выявлены причины «опасных» взаимоотношений с Интернетом. Рассматриваются возможные угрозы при использовании Интернет-ресурсов детьми младшего школьного возраста: контентные, коммуникационные, потребительские, технические, зависимости. Указаны источники возникновения данных угроз. Анализируется влияние и поведение младших школьников в данных ситуациях. Описываются задачи родителей для предотвращения данной проблемы и пример поведения в случае возникновения проблемы. В Обсуждении результатов поднимается вопрос обучения навыкам безопасного поведения в Интернет младших школьников. Обосновывается необходимость разработки методических материалов по данной проблеме. Выделены основные психолого-педагогические условия обучения младших школьников информационной безопасности. В Заключении отмечаются тенденции проблем обучения безопасного поведения детей младшего школьного возраста в Интернете. Отмечено, что начальная школа в наше время призывает к дальнейшему изучению данного вопроса и необходимости разработки новых форм и методов обучения для повышения безопасности младших школьников в сети.
Аспекты восприятия смешанного форматов обучения у студентов 1 курса ВУЗа и особенности их академической мотивации
Authors: Манкова Мария В.
Published: September 2021

В статье представлены результаты исследования аспектов академической мотивации, уровня смысложизненных ориентаций, и отношений к дистанционному и смешанному формату обучения у студентов бакалавриата первого года обучения. Во Введении дается теоретический обзор понятий академической мотивации, и смешанного формата обучения. Актуальность данной темы объясняется современными тенденциями к цифровизации высшего образования, особенно усилившейся в последние несколько лет. Научная новизна заключается в изучении особенностей академической мотивации и отношения к очному и дистанционному формату обучения студентов 1 курса, которые поступили в университет в условиях ограничений, связанных с пандемией COVID-19 в 2020 году. В разделе Методы описываются организация исследования и примененные методики: тест смысложизненных ориентаций Д. А. Леонтьева; опросник «Шкала академической мотивации» Т. О. Гордеева, О. А. Сычева и Е. Н. Осина; авторский опросник, выявляющий отношение к смешанному формату обучения. Были описаны особенности выборки, выдвинутые гипотезы, и перечислены использованные методы математической статистики. В разделе Результаты представлены обработанные данные. По итогам опроса большая часть студентов отметила прежний уровень мотивации к обучению после поступления в университет, а те, кто отметил его повышение – более удовлетворены качеством образования, чем те, кто отметил, что уровень остался прежним или снизился. Также авторский опросник позволил выявить, что смешанный формат обучения для большинства первокурсников не мешает ощущению пребывания в едином образовательном пространстве. Корреляционный анализ выявил связь между уровнем осмысленности жизни и мотивацией познания, а также тенденцию к обратной связи между уровнем осмысленности жизни и значимостью формата обучения у респондентов. В Обсуждении результатов представлено сравнение полученных данных, с уже проведенными исследованиями на данную тематику. В Заключении даны выводы по всей проведенной работе, и возможные перспективы для дальнейших исследований.
Data, Methods and Writing
Authors: Lippert Ingmar , Mewes Julie Sascia
Published: September 2021

Methods have been recognised in STS as mattering for a long time. STS ethnographies establish a boundary object with which STS scholars weave a pattern: From such ethnographic accounts we learn that knowledge is produced locally. Ethnography has over the recent decades been highlighted as a key method in STS. And that STS ethnography is specifically shaped by being often configured to consider its forms of collaboration or intervention in the field. This special issue focuses on how methods matter, specifically on how STS ethnographic collaboration and its data are translated into ethnographic writing, or performative of other reality effects. Exploring STS’s own methods-in-action brings to attention the messy landscape of method practice. Our objective in this exploration is to develop a genre of writing about method that fosters response-ability and enables the audience of research output to position themselves between the research materials and practices that were invested into the study. This special issue hopes to contribute to STS engagement with its methods by way of methodography. Methodography serves as a genre of analytic writing, that articulates specificity and scrutinises the situated practices of producing STS knowledge.
Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Production among Clinical Gram-Negative Bacilli Isolates in A Tertiary Hospital, Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Odetoyin Babatunde , Adewole Oluwaseun
Published: September 2021

Extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) have emerged as important mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance to beta-lactam drugs in hospitals, thereby limiting the available treatment options for infections caused by these microorganisms. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of ESBL production among clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacilli from Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria as part of the global efforts to provide information for the containment of the spread of antimicrobial resistance. This is a laboratory-based study of 186 consecutive non-duplicate Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) isolated from diverse clinical samples at the Microbiology laboratory of the hospital after standard aerobic cultures. The isolates were identified by conventional biochemical test scheme and commercial GNB API 20E identification kit. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of each isolate was determined by the disk diffusion technique. Isolates presumptively identified as ESBL producers from the AST assay were confirmed by the combination disks method. Escherichia coli (n=43; 23.1%) predominated among the organisms, followed by Enterobacter spp (n=23; 12.4%) and Klebsiella spp (n=22; 11.8%). Most of the organisms (95.7%) were resistant to tetracycline and ampicillin, but the least resistance (4.3%) was exhibited to imipenem. Fifty-eight (31.2%) isolates were ESBL producers with a preponderance of E. coli (n=15; 25.9%). The ESBL producers were commonly isolated from urine samples (n=31; 53.4%), and were significantly more resistant to levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, gentamicin, augmentin, cefepime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime and cefotaxime (p<0.05). This study has highlighted the therapeutic implications of the presence of EBSL in clinical isolates which was depicted by their multi-drug resistance phenotypes, thus emphasizing the need for continuous surveillance of bacterial resistance, institution of antimicrobial resistance stewardship in our hospital and regular screening of ESBLs in clinical isolates to prevent treatment failure.
Einfluss von Gruppe I Grundölen auf die Elastomerverträglichkeit von Radialwellendichtringen
Authors: Alt Kathrin , Hüttinger Alexander , Wöppermann Markus , Hermes Jörg , Braun Jürgen , Schürmann Tobias
Published: September 2021

Gear oils on the basis of Group I base oils are the most widely used lubricant in industrial drive systems. With dynamic friction torque tests, the influence of Group I base oils from different regions/refineries on elastomer compatibility of radial shaft seals is investigated by dynamic friction torque tests. The results show a significant influence of base oil on the development of frictional torque in the sealing gap and the elastomer compatibility.