bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rezension von: Wieczorek, Alfried; Schneidmüller, Bernd; Weinfurter, Stefan (Hrsg.), Die Staufer und Italien
Authors: Maurer Hans-Martin , Wieczorek Alfried , Schneidmüller Bernd , Weinfurter Stefan
Published: April 2022

Alfried Wieczorek, Bernd Schneidmüller, Stefan Weinfurter (Hg.): Die Staufer und Italien. Drei Innovationsregionen im mittelalterlichen Europa. Band 1: Essays, Band 2: Objekte. Mannheim: Curt-Engelhorn-Stiftung 2010. 424 + 376 S. (Größe 26 × 24 cm). ISBN 978-3-8062-2366-8. Geb. € 69,95
Rezension von: Rueß, Karl-Heinz (Red.), Stauferzeit – Zeit der Kreuzzüge
Authors: Türck Verena , Rueß Karl-Heinz
Published: April 2022

Stauferzeit – Zeit der Kreuzzüge, hg. von der Gesellschaft für staufische Geschichte e. V. Red.: Karl-Heinz Rueß (Schriften zur staufischen Geschichte und Kunst, Bd. 29). Göppingen 2011. 193 S., 14. Abb. ISBN 978-3-929776-21-8. € 24,–
Rezension von: Rueß, Karl-Heinz (Red.), Konrad IV. (1228–1254)
Authors: Schwarzmaier Hansmartin , Rueß Karl-Heinz
Published: April 2022

Konrad IV. (1228–1254), Deutschlands letzter Stauferkönig, hg. von der Gesellschaft für staufische Geschichte e. V., Red. Karl-Heinz Rueß (Schriften zur staufischen Geschichte und Kunst, Bd. 32), Göppingen: Gesellschaft für staufische Geschichte 2012. 137 S. ISBN 978-3-929776-24-9. Kart.
Rezension von: Baar-Cantoni, Regina, Religionspolitik Friedrichs II. von der Pfalz im Spannungsfeld von Reichs- und Landespolitik
Authors: Maier Franz , Baar-Cantoni Regina
Published: April 2022

Regina Baar-Cantoni, Religionspolitik Friedrichs II. von der Pfalz im Spannungsfeld von Reichs- und Landespolitik (Veröffentlichungen der Kommission für geschichtliche Landeskunde in Baden-Württemberg, Reihe B 188), Stuttgart: Kohlhammer 2011. XXX, 362 S. ISBN 978-3-17-022052-2. Geb. € 34,–
Rezension von: Weber, Reinhold; Steinbach, Peter; Wehling, Hans-Georg (Hrsg.), Baden-württembergische Erinnerungsorte
Authors: Köhle-Hezinger Christel , Weber Reinhold , Steinbach Peter , Wehling Hans-Georg
Published: April 2022

Reinhold Weber/Peter Steinbach/Hans-Georg Wehling (Hg.), Baden-württembergische Erinnerungsorte, Zum 60. Jahrestag der Gründung des Landes Baden-Württemberg am 25. April 1952, Stuttgart: Kohlhammer Verlag in Verbindung mit der Landeszentrale für politische Bildung Baden-Württemberg 2012. 615 S., 510 Abb. ISBN 978-3-17-021739-3. € 19,50
Rezension von: Schroeder, Klaus-Peter, „Eine Universität für Juristen und von Juristen“
Authors: Kern Bernd-Rüdiger , Schroeder Klaus-Peter
Published: April 2022

Klaus-Peter Schroeder, „Eine Universität für Juristen und von Juristen“, Die Heidelberger Juristische Fakultät im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert, Heidelberger Rechtswissenschaftliche Abhandlungen 1, Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck 2010. XX, 744 S. Ln. € 99,–
Rezension von: Müller, Julia, Der Bildhauer Fritz von Graevenitz und die Staatliche Akademie der Bildenden Künste Stuttgart zwischen 1933 und 1945
Authors: Bickhoff Nicole , Müller Julia
Published: April 2022

Julia Müller, Der Bildhauer Fritz von Graevenitz und die Staatliche Akademie der Bildenden Künste Stuttgart zwischen 1933 und 1945, Bildende Kunst als Symptom und Symbol ihrer Zeit, Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag 2012. 335 S., 135 s/w Abb., 21 farb. Abb. ISBN978-3-515-10254-4. Kart. € 56,–
Rezension von: Herbers, Klaus; Rückert, Peter (Hrsg.), Pilgerheilige und ihre Memoria
Authors: Reichert Folker , Herbers Klaus , Rückert Peter
Published: April 2022

Pilgerheilige und ihre Memoria, hg. von Klaus Herbers und Peter Rückert (Jakobus-Studien 19), Tübingen: Gunter Narr Verlag 2012. 277 S., zahlr., z. T. farb. Abb. ISBN 3-8233-6684-3. Brosch. € 42,–
Rezension von: Baschin, Marion; Kozlik, Andreas, Studien zur südwestdeutschen Demographie
Authors: Waßner Manfred , Baschin Marion , Kozlik Andreas
Published: April 2022

Marion Baschin und Andreas Kozlik, Studien zur südwestdeutschen Demographie, Die Sterblichkeit in Württemberg im 18./19. Jahrhundert und in Esslingen im 19. Jahrhundert (Historegio, Bd. 7), Remshalden: M. Hennecke 2008. 219 S. ISBN 978-3-927981-88-1. € 36,–
Rezension von: Küster, Thomas (Hrsg.), Medien des begrenzten Raums
Authors: Theil Bernhard , Küster Thomas
Published: April 2022

Medien des begrenzten Raums, Landes- und regionalgeschichtliche Zeitschriften im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert, hg. von Thomas Küster (LWL-Institut für westfälische Regionalgeschichte, Landschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe Münster, Forschungen zur Regionalgeschichte, Bd. 73), Paderborn/München/Wien/Zürich: Ferdinand Schöningh 2013. 374 S., 17 s/w Abb., 1 Grafik und 1 Tab. ISBN 978-3-506-77730-0. Geb. € 44,90
Rezension von: Flachenecker, Helmut; Heiss, Hans (Hrsg.), Franken und Südtirol
Authors: Loose Rainer , Flachenecker Helmut , Heiss Hans
Published: April 2022

Helmut Flachenecker und Hans Heiss (Hg.), Franken und Südtirol – Zwei Kulturlandschaften im Vergleich (Veröffentlichungen des Südtiroler Kulturinstituts/Pubblicazioni dell’Archivio Provinciale di Bolzano Bd. 34), Innsbruck: Universitätsverlag Wagner 2013. 384 S. ISBN 978-3-7030-0803-0. € 44,90
Rezension von: Gemeinde Rosengarten (Hrsg.), Uttenhofen mit Raibach, Tullau, Wilhelmsglück
Authors: Schiffer Peter , Rosengarten (Landkreis Schwäbisch Hall)
Published: April 2022

Uttenhofen mit Raibach, Tullau, Wilhelmsglück, Red.: Christoph Bittel und Ulrike Marski, hg. von der Gemeinde Rosengarten (Veröffentlichungen zur Ortsgeschichte und Heimatkunde in Württembergisch Franken, Bd. 24), Gemeinde Rosengarten 2013. 615, XXI S. mit zahlr. s/w und farb. Abb. ISBN 978-3-00-040138-1. Geb. € 25,–
Rezension von: Opll, Ferdinand (Bearb.), Die Regesten des Kaiserreiches unter Friedrich I. 1152 (1122)–1190
Authors: Frauenknecht Erwin , Opll Ferdinand
Published: April 2022

Johann Friedrich Böhmer, Regesta Imperii, IV. Ältere Staufer, Zweite Abteilung: Die Regesten des Kaiserreiches unter Friedrich I. 1152 (1122)–1190, 4. Lieferung 1181–1190, nach Johann Friedrich Böhmer, neubearb. von Ferdinand Opll, Wien/Köln/Weimar: Böhlau Verlag 2011. LIV und 345 S. ISBN 978-3-205-78683-2. € 95,–
Rezension von: Steuer, Peter; Krimm, Konrad (Bearb.), Vorderösterreichische Regierung und Kammer 1753–1805, Oberamt Stockach und Stadt Konstanz ...
Authors: Maier Franz , Steuer Peter , Krimm Konrad
Published: April 2022

Peter Steuer und Konrad Krimm (Bearb.), Vorderösterreichische Regierung und Kammer 1753–1805, Oberamt Stockach und Stadt Konstanz, Bd. 50/7, Stuttgart: Kohlhammer 2008. 520 S. ISBN 978-3-17-020483-6. Geb. € 47,–

Konrad Krimm/Petra Schön/Peter Steuer (Bearb.), Vorderösterreichische Regierung und Kammer 1753–1805, Oberämter Bregenz, Tettnang, Winnweiler und Offenburg, Bd. 50/9, Stuttgart: Kohlhammer 2008. 400 S. ISBN 978-3-17-020484-3. Geb. € 47,–
Rezension von: Geering, Mireille (Hrsg.), Als badischer Militärmusiker in Napoleons Kriegen
Authors: Müller Carl-Jochen , Geering Mireille
Published: April 2022

Mireille Geering (Hg.), Als badischer Militärmusiker in Napoleons Kriegen, Balthasar Eccardts Erinnerungen an die Feldzüge nach Österreich, Preußen und Russland 1805–1814 (Veröffentlichungen der Kommission für geschichtliche Landeskunde in Baden-Württemberg A 57), Stuttgart: Kohlhammer 2013. VIII und 226 S. mit 4 farb. Abb. ISBN 978-3-17-023031-6. € 22,–
Rezension von: Schnoor, Franziska; Schmuki, Karl (Bearb.), Schafe für die Ewigkeit
Authors: Brinkhus Gerd , Schnoor Franziska , Schmuki Karl
Published: April 2022

Schafe für die Ewigkeit, Handschriften und ihre Herstellung, Katalog zur Jahresausstellung in der Stiftsbibliothek St. Gallen (1. Dezember 2013 bis 9. November 2014), bearb. von Franziska Schnoor und Karl Schmuki, mit Beiträgen von Doris Altrogge und Robert Fuchs, St. Gallen: Verlag am Klosterhof 2013. 144 S., mit zahlr. Abb. ISBN 978-3-905906-09-7. CHF 25.–
Rezension von: Koch, Walter (Bearb.), Die Urkunden Friedrichs II., Teil 3: 1218–1220
Authors: Frauenknecht Erwin , Koch Walter
Published: April 2022

Die Urkunden Friedrichs II., Teil 3: 1218–1220, bearb. von Walter Koch unter Mitwirkung von Klaus Höflinger, Joachim Spiegel und Christian Friedl (MGH Die Urkunden der deutschen Könige und Kaiser 14,3), Hannover: Monumenta Germaniae Historica 2010. XCII, 870 S. sowie 32 S. Abb. ISBN 978-3-7752-2003-3. Ln. € 150,–
Service Factors to Increase Loyalty and Number of Priority Customers (Case Study of PT. Bank Sumut Syariah Binjai Sub-Branch)
Authors: Putri Helva Diansyah , Syarvina Wahyu
Published: April 2022

In banking that runs a business in the service sector, service is the most important thing so that people are interested in becoming their customers. Currently, almost all banks in Indonesia have issued priority savings products, and to increase priority customers, banks are competing to provide the best service to attract customers. This study uses qualitative methods to collect data in the form of descriptive data in written and spoken language from people and observed behavior. The results of this study are the services and benefits provided to priority customers affect the increase in the number of customers and also the loyalty of priority customers at Bank Sumut Syariah Binjai Sub-Branch.
Factors Affecting Public Interest in Bank Sumut Syariah Products
Authors: Simangungsong Dwi April Yani , Hasibuan Raissa Muthia Syahrani , Nur Ridha Shafina , Nasution Muhammad Lathief Ilhamy
Published: April 2022

As a financial bridging body, in carrying out its operations banks are grouped into two, namely conventional banks and Islamic banks, Islamic banks certainly need the function and role in Indonesia, therefore Islamic banks must improve the quality of their performance to realize a Syariah banking system that is able to perform efficiency with a healthy system. Increasing the number of customers and public awareness about the existence of Islamic banks as one of the important things in order to realize the country of Indonesia to be a pioneer of Islamic financial development in the world. The method used by the author is the method of literature review. With the method of literature review, the author conducts a review of the scientific literature on a topic of problems and conducts a critical analysis of some things that affect the interest of customers to make purchases of products marketed by Bank Sumut Syariah and awareness of them and interest in the products offered. Based on the results of literature riview conducted can be concluded that the interest of consumers to buy products offered by Bank Sumut Syariah influenced by several things, namely : (1) quality of Service and profit sharing (2) products offered and promotions carried out (3) trying to raise awareness of the brand and interest in Syariah products.
A study of prescription pattern and prescription errors in patients referred at multi speciality hosptial in Chennai
Authors: Vivekanandan K. , Geethalakshmi S. , Harikrishnan N. , Bhavya E.
Published: April 2022

The aim of the study was to study of prescription pattern and prescription errors in patient referred at Multispecialty hospital in Chennai. The objective of the study is improve the quality of the prescription using WHO indicators, to evaluate the drug utilization pattern and pharmacoeconomics studies in patients of multispecialty hospital in Chennai. This study was carried out in the out-patients and in-patients of general medicine department of multispecialty hospital in Chennai during the period of January 2021 to March 2021. We conducted a prospective observational study over a period of 3 months (i.e. January-march 2021) in the triage area of our Multispecialty care hospital. The triage area of general medicine department is the place where the patient is first met by a junior doctor. We collected data on all patients received in the triage area between 8 a.m. and 3 p.m. during the study period. In this prospective study, we screened 127 patients who reported in multispecialty hospital. Out of these 127 patients majority of prescribed with antibiotics, analgesics, antacid, proton pump inhibitor, multivitamins and calcium supplements. The prescription patterns of these patients were taken up for the further evaluation of the study.
Tenure and Investment in Southeast Asia: Comparative Analysis of Key Trends
Authors:   Rights and Resources Initiative
Published: April 2022

This document provides an empirical picture of the causes and effects of tenure-related disputes between private sector actors and local peoples across Southeast Asia. It demonstrates that disputes in Southeast Asia are often more intractable and more violent than in any other region examined. The most common reason for these disputes is forced displacement, but factors like environmental damage, cultural abuse, and compensation also figure. The analysis is based on an investigation of 51 case studies across Continental and Maritime Southeast Asia. These “new cases” are compared with a global average derived from the IAN Case Study Database’s 237 cases after 2001 and outside Southeast Asia. The aim is therefore to provide greater insight into the way that tenure rights and governance are impacting the private sector at the macro-level. This high-level view is complemented by separate papers on Continental and Maritime Southeast Asia, each of which profiles the case studies in depth and provides a more nuanced view of how tenure-related disputes develop and how they can be resolved.
Folk claims from Konda Reddis for the treatment of Diarrhoea and Dysentery
Authors: Raju M. , Prasanthi S. , Reddi T.V.V.
Published: April 2022

Medico-ethnobotanical studies carried out among the Konda Reddis of Andhra Pradesh during 2006-2008 revealed the information on 38 empirically accepted and frequently used prescriptions involving 37 plant species from 36 genera and 24 families with additives for the treatment of diarrhoea and dysentery. The method of preparation of medicine and details of application are provided. The alleged curative values of the considered plant species should provide ample opportunities for their critical scientific study.
Critical Assessment of Issues and Benefits of Digital Asset Management
Authors: Alqahtani Nawaf H. , Alqahtani Tahani H.
Published: April 2022

Digital asset management (DAM) now encompasses business and other diversified services such as new media, proliferates, virtual organization as reality, web content management, horizontal enterprise focus, and acquisitions and partnerships. Indeed, DAM has become essential in the commercial sector. An efficient system, that manages digital assets finds DAM is crucial for increasing efficiency and productivity, which provides access to approach, distribution and sharing of assets, a system that saves a significant amount of time and, potentially, money. Without a system that collects data in one area and then finds it quickly, when needed, a loss of both time and money results.In sum, the evolution of companies always entails a search to find the optimum mode of management methods and tools. A better understanding of the client and the development of the workplace are crucial too. These factors lead us to conclude that a contemporary system, such as DAM, might be the appropriate solution.An agile system which can assist businesses to organize and manage their digital assets to optimize their operations and improve the performance of the company across all departments is of use.
DOĞRUSAL OLMAYAN YÜK BULUNAN TESİSLERDE GÜÇ FAKTÖRÜNE TOPLAM HARMONİK BOZULMANIN ETKİSİ
Authors: KÜRKER Faruk
Published: April 2022

Bu çalışmada, cam sanayi tesisinde ve modern bir un üretim tesisindeki değirmenlerde güç analizörü ile ölçüm yapılarak harmonik bozulmanın tanımlanması ve bu harmonik bozulmanın güç faktörüne etkisinin tespiti yapılmıştır. Başka bir ifade ile çalışma doğrusal olmayan yüklerde toplam harmonik bozulmanın (THD) güç faktörü (PF) üzerindeki etkisini sunmaktadır. Dolayısıyla THD’nin güç faktörünü etkilemesi nedeniyle PF ve THD arasındaki ilişkiye odaklanılmıştır. Akımın toplam harmonik bozulma (THDI) değerine bağlı olarak dPF ile PF arasındaki fark grafiksel olarak incelenmiştir. Yapılan ölçümler neticesinde THD değerinin artmasına bağlı olarak PF değerinin de azaldığı gözlemlenmiştir. Çalışmada ayrıca güç analizörü ile yapılan ölçüm sonuçları IEEE 519-2014 harmonik standartları ile karşılaştırılmış ve akımın toplam harmonik bozulma değerleri (THDI) belirtilen standartın üzerinde olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Effects of Stretching Exercise and Tens Therapy on Severity of Restless Legs Syndrome in Obese Population
Authors: Haider Waqas , Amir Muhammad , Aabroo Saira , Riaz Amina , Ishaq Nageen , Hamid Muhammad Faizan , Arslan Hafiz Rana Muhammad
Published: April 2022

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a disorder in which you have an uncontrolled need to move your legs, generally in response to an unpleasant feeling. It usually happens in the evening or at night, while you're seated or lying down. Moving briefly alleviates the uncomfortable sensation. Objective: To determine effects of stretching exercises and TENS therapy on severity of restless leg syndrome in obese population. Materials and Methods: In this single-blinded, randomized, controlled study, 30 subjects with RLS aged above 20 years were randomly assigned into two groups, intervention group (TENS +stretching) and control group (stretching). Both groups received these interventions for 8 weeks (5 times a week for 8 weeks). Outcome measures included severity of pain in accordance with IRLSSG-score. Results: Independent t test was applied on baseline group 1(interventional group) is compare with group 2 (control group). The results showed that there was statistically significant difference between two groups with p < 0.05. IRLSSG-score mean in interventional group15.94 ±6.27 was more than control group 7.42±2.78.The mean difference in interventional group 15.94 ±6.27 is more than control group 15.94 ±6.27, which shows greater effectiveness of TENS as compared to stretching in treating restless leg syndrome. Conclusion: The present study was conducted for a period of eight weeks on 30 patients from OPD of multiple hospitals in Multan, Pakistan. TENS and stretching is a suitable and durable approach for RLS treatment and improve pain. TENS and stretching demonstrated more clinical benefits than stretching alone with regard to IRLSSG score parameters Hence, Alternate Hypothesis was accepted
Community Screening and Community Participation Along with Hospital Based Multidisciplinary Treatment Can be the Key Factors for Both Early Detection, Life and Globe Salvage of Retinoblastoma Patients in Developing Countries - Our Experience
Authors:   Head of Oculoplasty and Ocular Oncology department, Chittagong Eye Infirmary & Training Complex, Chattogram-4202, Bangladesh., Roy Soma Rani , Hoque Fahmida ,   Assistant Surgeon, Chittagong Eye Infirmary & Training Complex, Chattogram-4202, Bangladesh., Osmani Munirujzaman ,   Institute of Community Ophthalmology, Chattogram-4202, Bangladesh
Published: April 2022

Each year nearly 8000 new cases of retinoblastoma are detected worldwide. Revolutionary management strategy increased the survival rate of retinoblastoma above 95% but still it is a deadly cancer worldwide. Survival from retinoblastoma depends on income >90% vs 40% (in high to low income countries) and metastases is higher in low-income countries. Forty three percent of global burden lives in 6 countries of Asia. An estimated worldwide death rate is more than 40% and most from Asia and Africa. Bangladesh is one of the developing countries of the South- East Asia region and retinoblastoma constitutes 83% of all pediatric cancer bellow 4 years age group. Early detection of cases and proper referral may decrease the advance disease which may achieved by strong awareness program. To save life and vision multidisciplinary team approach is a time demand now. Chittagong Eye Infirmary is a tertiary eye care center is serving retinoblastoma patients with a multidisciplinary team approach from 2017 and set up chemotherapy facilities in ophthalmic institute. This institute also started screening and local community training program to detect the disease easily and upgraded treatment facility from 2019.From January 2017 to June 2021 total 284 retinoblastoma patients were diagnosed, 104 received chemotherapy and 53 underwent enucleation with long optic nerve. Two hundred fifty six children were screened, 169 primary school teacher and 408 health worker were trained about key sign of retinoblastoma from July 2019 to February 2021. This effort was able to create awareness which showed early presentation of retinoblastoma and seeking treatment of white pupillary reflex than previous period. The hospitals also take care for visual and psycho-social rehabilitation of the retinoblastoma survivals.
Neonatal Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus: Two Rare Cases
Authors:   Department of Cornea, Chittagong Eye Infirmary & Training Complex, Chattogram, Bangladesh, Biswas Sujit Kumar , Rani Roy Soma ,   Department of Cornea, Chittagong Eye Infirmary & Training Complex, Chattogram, Bangladesh, Mahbubul Alam ASM ,   Department of Cornea, Chittagong Eye Infirmary & Training Complex, Chattogram, Bangladesh
Published: April 2022

Two neonates one at age of 15 days and another at age of 20 days were presented with redness, watering, periocular and lid swelling, photophobia and vesicular lesions over forehead on right side of face. Ocular examination revealed ciliary and conjunctival congestion, chemosis, and hazy cornea due to stromal edema. Though herpes zoster is very rare in neonates, the diagnosis of herpes zoster ophthalmicus was made on basis of clinical examination and treated with systemic and topical anti-viral, topical antibiotic and corticosteroid. Both neonates showed dramatic response in seven days treatment and completely cured within four weeks. High clinical suspicion in vesiculo-papular lesion of child of any age can help in early diagnose and early treatment can prevent sequelae of HZO.
“The Future Is Now” In Coastal Communities In West Africa
Authors: Johnson Kwesi Randolph , Okafor-Yarwood Ifesinachi
Published: April 2022

In recent years global leaders have been criticized for their lack of commitment to the continuing rise of sea levels. These leaders have failed to recognize that people are already living with the impact of climate change today. Countries like Cote d'Ivoire, Senegal, and Togo were significantly affected by coastal erosion, which resulted in a calculated cost of $3.8 billion and the death of 13,000 people each year. As sea levels rise and extreme weather increases in frequency it has led to personal safety, food, and economic security issues for the people from the coastal west African region. Countries like Ghana have around 60% of their animal protein coming from fish now coastal erosion is leading to a loss in their livelihood and heritage for the Ghanaian people. Countries are becoming very individualistic when it comes to solving their climate issues. This will have to change and countries will have to work together to solve the issue of climate change.
Traditional Knowledge Suggests Fire Retardant Vegetation Can Help Mitigate Fire Risk
Authors: Tron François , Wanguene Elodie , Haverkamp Cédric , Duffieux Régis , Poéda Fabrice , Villegente Jean-Jacques , Bizien Thibaut , Ganteaume Anne
Published: April 2022

Low flammable plant species in the New Caledonian traditional societies can help in lowering the risk of wildfires in certain climates. Due to climate change, there has been an intensification of drought periods leading to significant fire risk. A tree called Bourao in New Caledonia has been blocking the fires and helping to contain their radius. This can be a natural solution to the issues facing the area with 2% of their country being burned by human fires each year. Recently local communities have undertaken reforestation projects but do not take into consideration the flammability of the plant species being used. Using Bourao strategically can be a natural and beneficial way to control wildfires due to the tree being fire retardant and having multiple traditional uses for the communities around them. This can create easy to perform and cheap community projects to help support fire risk mitigation.
النص الحديث والمعاصرفي مناهج التعليم الجزائرية "التعليم المتوسط أنموذجا"
Authors: Mobarki Walid , Kadri Djamel , Silini Ahlem
Published: April 2022

ينبغي لمتعلمينا في عصر التحولات العلمية مواكبة التطورات الحاصلة في شتى مناحي الحياة، والتفتح على ثقافة الآخر، ولكن بحذر ووعي وتعقل، وهذه السبل المأمولة بإمكان النصوص الحديثة والمعاصرة الإسهام فيها بحظ وافر شريطة اختيار الهادف منها، المساير للحركة العلمية السريعة.
    - فما هو المبتغى من إدراج هذه النصوص الحديثة والمعاصرة في المناهج التربوية الجزائرية ؟.
- كيف تدرس هذه النصوص الأدبية في المنظومة التربوية الجزائرية ؟.
   - ماهي الآفاق المأمولة من خلال إدراج هذه النصوص الأدبية ؟
   - هل هذه النصوص –الحديثة والمعاصرة– كفيلة بوضع الناشئة من أبنائنا على المسار العلمي التكنولوجي الذي يشهد فيه العالم تحولات حِينِية ؟
هذا ما سنحاول دراسته في هذا الورقة البحثية، معتمدين على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، من أجل التعرف على مدلولات وأبعاد النص الحديث والمعاصر، ومرتكزات قيامهما، وأهداف وجودهما في المناهج التعليمية، وكذا تطرق تدارسهما
أهمية دراسة تاريخ تطور العلوم، تطور علم الأوبئة أنموذجا.
Authors: Merdjaa Aicha
Published: April 2022

يظهر عند العديد من المؤرخين وحتى الباحثين في تخصصات وميادين علمية أخرى، مدى اهتمامهم بدراسة تاريخ وتطور العلوم، هذا ما رسم نوعا من التكامل بين مختلف العلوم التقنية والإنسانية، وعليه أصبحت العديد من الجامعات تشجع تخصصات تاريخ العلوم من ذلك تاريخ الفزياء، الرياضيات، التكنولوجيا، الطب....، لأنَّ الاطلاع والإلمام الدقيق بسيرورة تطور العلوم، سيقودنا ودون عناء كبير إلى معرفة الاتجاه الذي ستسير عليه، وكذا تصحيح العديد من الفرضيات السابقة أو إيجاد حلول للإشكاليات التي استعصيت من قبل، والأدهى من ذلك نتمكن من استفاء المغالطات والهفوات السابقة. وبهذا تهدف هذه الدراسة لتسليط الضوء على سبيل المثال -لا الحصر- على تاريخ تطور علم الأوبئة، وما عرف هذا المسار العلمي من تطورات ونجاحات وكذا أزمات مست البشرية، وبذلك سنحاول الوقوف على أهم الانجازات العلمية وكذا العقبات الذي ظل يواجهها هذا المجال عبر مختلف الأدوار التاريخية.
العلاقات الدبلوماسية بين جمهورية المانيا الاتحادية والجمهورية العراقية(١٩٦٣-١٩٦٥)
Authors: حميد حسن البرزنجي‎ رقية
Published: April 2022

تبحث هذه الدراسة مسار العلاقات الدبلوماسية بين جمهورية المانيا الاتحادية والجمهورية العراقية ما بين عامي(١٩٦٣-١٩٦٥)، والتي تحددت بداياتها منذ تسنم لودفيغ ايرهارد منصب المستشار لجمهورية المانيا الاتحادية في ١٧ تشرين الاول عام ١٩٦٣، ولغاية اعلان الحكومة العراقية قرارها بقطع العلاقات الدبلوماسية مع بون في ١٢ أيار عام ١٩٦٥ كردة فعل على اعتراف المانيا الاتحادية بإسرائيل، وضمن اطار التنسيق العربي في مواجهة السياسة الالمانية. لقد اظهرت هذه الدراسة ان إسرائيل استحوذت على اهتمام السياسة الخارجية الالمانية على حساب علاقاتها مع الدول العربية.
الوسائل القانونية لتقييم دور موظفي العقود الوزارية في جباية الايرادات الاخطاء والحلول نموذج /دائرة كهرباء كركوك
Authors: Sadiq Dalal , اركان خولة , ابراهيم الجبوري اوس
Published: April 2022

تعد قرار (315)لسنة 2019 نقلة نوعية في مجال تطور وسائل القانونية للادارة لتيسسير المرفق العام وان هذا القرار يشمل على تحويل الاجراء اليومي وفق قرار (341)لسنة 2019 والعقود  الوزاريةالى وظيفة دائمية وفق ضوابط وتعليمات الصادرة بشانها ،ونظرا لحاجة وزارة الكهرباء لفئة العقود من العاملين في جباية اجور الكهرباء كونها خطوة فعالة لضمان تسديد اجور الكهرباء من قبل المواطنين اللذين يتم تجهيزهم بالكهرباء والدعم الحكومي ،لكن من الملاحظ عند تسجيل وقراءة المقياس الكهربائي برزت مشكلة مجتمعية  ومنها في مدينة كركوك من تسجيل مبالغ كبيرة على المواطنين مقابل تجهيز هم بالطاقة وتوعز الاسباب الى قلة الامكانيات والخبرة الفنية والتدريبة لدى موظفي عقود التوظيف وخلق نوع من زعزعة الثقة بين المواطن والرغبة في تسديد الاجور مقابل تسجيل المبالغ الكبيرة عليهم بسبب الاخطاء في القراءة والتسجيل.
الفن الجداري فـي حضارة العراق القديم خلال الألف الأولى قبل الميلاد
Authors: عامر سميرة
Published: April 2022

الملخص :
الفن هو تراث الانسان على مدى العصور والأزمان وهو العلم الذي يتحدث عن تطور الفنون وقيمتها الفنية منذ أن خرجت من يد الانسان الصانع (الفنان) الذي رسمها وشكلّها إلى عين المشاهد الذي شاهدها وقيّمها . كما أن للفن دوراً كبيراً في التعريف بالتقاليد والعادات لكل حضارة ، لأن الفنون هي مرآة المجتمع ومقياس الحضارة ، وهي الدليل إلى الأحداث التاريخية والطقوس الدينية ، ولكل ما لم يدوّن في كتب التاريخ .
لقد شكلّت طبيعة العراق وتاريخه السياسي وتطوره الحضاري فنونه المختلفة ، وان فن النحت الجداري كان من أهم الفنون التي مارسها العراقيون القدماء خاصة خلال الألف الأولى قبل الميلاد حيث كان هذا الفن الأصدق تعبيراً عن الأحاسيس الفنية والأفكار والمعتقدات الدينية ، ونظراً لطغيان شخصيات الملوك خلال هذه الفترة ، طغت على أغلب الجداريات قصص الملوك وحملاتهم الحربية ، ومشاهد صيدهم .
من هنا جاءت إشكالية الدراسة حيث أن من الباحثين من رأى أن الفن الجداري خلال الألف الأولى قبل الميلاد كان مفعماً بالقسوة والعنف والوحشية وليس له هدف وغاية سوى خدمة الملوك وإرضائهم وتصوير حروبهم ومشاهد صيدهم. فجاءت هذه الدراسة لتلقي بالضياء على اشهر جداريات هذه الفترة من جميع الجوانب الجمالية والفنية والتاريخية كذلك النفسية والإعلامية لتبرز عظمة الإبتكار والإتقان والإحساس الذي حملته هذه المشاهد الجدارية ودلالالتها الرمزية .
ومن خلال المنهج التحليلي والمنهج الوصفي الذي اتبعتهما الباحثة في هذه الدراسة تبيّن أن فن الجداريات الذي نُفذ على سطوح الجدران والسقوف مثّل أطول مساحة حاول فيه الفنانين تسجيل تفاصيل الأحداث الحربية في شريط قصصي يمتد مصوراً فناً تاريخياً وزخرفياً ليسهل فهمه وتتبعه. كما قام فنانين تلك الفترة إحداث ثورة في تاريخ الجداريات الفنية من خلال مشاهد الصيد المشهورة عالمياً ومن خلال الإيحاء بالعمق داخل اللوحات الجدارية ومعرفتهم الأولية بعلم المنظور .
الكلمات المفتاحية :الألواح جدارية ، مشاهد تصويرية ، علم المنظور ، مشاهد الصيد ، دلالات جمالية.
الضغوط النفسية وعلاقتها بالدافعية للانجاز ( دراسة ميدانية على عينة من تلاميذ السنة الثانية ثانوي بمؤسسة عبد الرحمان ابن رستم تمنراست )
Authors: Mehria Khalida
Published: April 2022

تهدف الدراسة الحالية إلى الكشف عن العلاقة بين الضغوط النفسية والدافعية للتعلم لدى تلاميذ السنة الثانية ثانوي، كما تسعى الدراسة إلى معرفة الفروق بين تلاميذ السنة الثانية ثانوي في كل من الضغوط النفسية والدافعية للتعلم تبعا لمتغير الجنس والتخصص الدراسي، أقيمت الدراسة بثانوية عبد الرحمان ابن رستم على عينة قوامها 250 تلميذ، واستخدمت في الدراسة استبيانين للقياس، الأول لقياس الضغط النفسي للباحث محمد بوفاتح اشتمل على 46 فقرة، ومقياس الدافعية للتعلم للباحث أحمد دوقة يحتوي على 48 فقرة.
الإسهامات الفلكية لعلماء المغرب الأوسط - أبو عبد الله محمد بن يوسف السنوسي من خلال مخطوط عمدة ذوي الألباب ونزهة الحساب في شرح بغية الطلاب أنموذجا –
Authors: قرندع زوليخة
Published: April 2022

لقد انصب  اهتمام علماء المسلمين بعلم الفلك  منذ ظهور الرسالة المحمدية  و إن كان الأمر في البداية متواضعا و ذلك راجع  لارتباطه الوثيق بالشريعة الإسلامية  من خلال معرفة قبلة الصلاة  إضافة إلى تحديد  أوقات مختلف المناسبات الدينية المرتبطة في الغالب بتحديد  الهلال و بروزه و اختفائه ،  ليتطور لاحقا على يد نخبة من العلماء الذين استفادوا من الموروث اليوناني و الهندي بالدرجة الأولى لتتشكل المدرسة الفلكية الإسلامية  التي ظهرت و ازدهرت في المشرق  ثم انتقلت إلى الغرب الإسلامي  لتبرز المدرسة الأندلسية  المتميزة بطرحها و اكتشافاتها الفريدة من نوعها  التي  شهدت اختراع آلات فلكية جديدة تعكس تمكن علمائها  ونمو وعيهم الفلكي و في ظل هذه المدارس انتقل الفكر الفلكي إلى المغرب الإسلامي عموما و الأوسط خصوصا وظل محتشما نوعا  لكن ذلك لا يمنع من بروز علماء أجلاء برعوا فيه و من أمثال ذلك أبو عبد الله محمد بن يوسف السنوسي  الذي قام بشرح مفصل و مبسط لأرجوزة شيخه أبي عبد الله محمد الحباك في المخطوط الموسوم ب : عمدة ذوي الألباب  ونزهة الحساب في شرح بغية الطلاب، و يكمن الهدف الرئيسي في هذه الدراسة إلى التعريف بالمخطوط سالف الذكر  و التنبيه على أهميته الكبيرة لأنه يعكس نمو  و تطور الفكر الفلكي لعلماء المغرب الأوسط ، و لذلك اعتمدنا على المنهج التحليلي إضافة إلى الاستقرائي  للوصول لنتائج أدق التي جاءت  مؤكدة على أن هذا المخطوط  يحمل في طياته ملخصا شاملا  وافيا لكل الأفكار التي جاءت بها المدارس الفلكية القديمة  و الإسلامية حول الرصد الفلكي لذلك يجب الاهتمام بمثل هذا النوع من الدراسات و إخراجها  إلى النور .
أبو عبد الله محمد بن يوسف السنوسي ، علم الفلك ، المغرب الأوسط ، الرصد الفلكي ، الإسطرلاب ، أرجوزة فلكية
Summary
 
     Muslim  scholars  have focus éd  on astronomie since the  advent of the mohamadan message even if the matter was modest  in the  beginning , due to its close connection  with  Islamic  law through  knowledge  of the direction  of prayer and determining  the time of  various religious occasions  to  develop later at the  hands of a group of scholars those who benefited from the Indian and greek heritage  in the first place formed the Islamic astronomical school that flourished in the east an then moved  to the Islamic  west to show  the distinguished  Andalusian  school with its unique  offering  and discoveries  that witnessed the invention  of astronomical  machines  that reflect  the empowerment of its scientists and the growth of their  astronomical awareness  the astronomical thought of the Islamic  Maghreb  in general  and the middle east in particular , which remained modest but did not prevent  the emergence  of eminent scholars  led by abu Abdullah Mohamed al – senussi who gave a detailed explanation of the  archeology of his sheikh  al – habbak , in this study we will  introduce the manuscript  and  emphasize  its importance  because  it reflects  the growth and development  of thought astronomer for middle Maghreb scholars .
Keywords:
Astronomy , middle Maghreb , astronomical observations , abu Abdullah  sanussi
Musique et hypnose
Authors: Majed Asma
Published: April 2022

Le samaï est une forme classique de la musique arabe. La danse des derviches tourneurs est parmis ses pratiques les plus repondues pour cela on les voit souvent dans des états de transe. Etant donné ses qualités structurelles rythmiques et maqamiques, il présente une autohypnose. D’une part, il assure la synchronisation du rythme respiratoire avec le rythme musical. D’autre part, la notion du maqam, précisément béyeti porte aussi une singularité en termes d’interprétation et d’alliance de l’image acoustique à l’image mentale cela est parfois ressourçant d’énergie et de positivité ainsi ainsi qu’il pourrait être hypnotisant.
SPONGE-ASSOCIATED FUNGI ISOLATES FROM ANCORINA SP. SHOWED ANTI-CANCER ACTIVITY AGAINST HELA CELL LINES
Authors: Pramana Abrory Agus Cahya , Ramadhani Eka , Priyambada Fajar , Pertiwi Gian Aditya , Setiawibawa R. Aditya Aryandi , Wijayanti Nastiti
Published: April 2022

Nowadays, natural products from marine life, especially sponge-associated fungi (SAF), have been getting extensive attention as candidates for anti-cancer agents. Although chemotherapy has been widely used as one of the cancer treatments, recently, multidrug resistance as one of its drawbacks has appeared. Our preliminary research successfully isolated 16 fungi isolates from Ancorina sp. habituating Kukup (KU) Beach, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The ethyl acetate extracts of SAF KU4 fungi grown in enrichment broth media in seawater base either as media-free mycelium or whole medium were analyzed for the cytotoxicity level and the apoptotic effect on the apoptotic effect cervical cancer cell line (HeLa). SAF KU4 was cultured in Wickerham sea-based media and then extracted using ethyl acetate. The IC50 values were measured by MTT assay. IC50 of the media-free extract and whole extract were 158.13 and 283.95 µg/mL, respectively. Ethyl acetate extracts of media-free mycelium and whole extract were moderately cytotoxic but could induce apoptosis in HeLa cell lines.
CONVENTIONAL PRODUCTION OPTIMIZATION OF CYCLODEXTRIN GLUCOSYL TRANSFERASE BY A NOVEL ISOLATE OF BACILLUS SP. PBS1 FROM POTATO RHIZOSPHERE
Authors: Solanki Preetibala , Awadhiya Pushpendra , Banerjee Tushar
Published: April 2022

The cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase enzyme (CGTase) is an industrially crucial enzyme for the production of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). CGTase has a high propensity to produce a mixture of cyclodextrins (CDs). From the industrial perspective, a CGTase that produces only one type of CD is of critical importance. Bacillus sp. PBS1 produced CGTase that converts starch solely into β-CD. The isolated strain PBS1 was found to close similarity with alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. based on biochemical, morphological, and phylogenetic analysis of its 16s rRNA gene sequencing. The selection and optimization of media ingredients are warranted for the best possible production of β-CD. These steps were carried out by conventional optimization strategies. The presence of glucose, maltose, lactose, sucrose, galactose, mannitol, nitrates, urea, metal salts, and K2HPO4 led to the suppression of CGTase production. The improved enzyme production was observed in peptone, soluble starch, magnesium sulfate, and Na2CO3. The organism produces maximum CGTase (93.42 ± 2.4 U/ml) at 96-hour incubation in the optimized production medium containing 8% starch, 2% peptone, 0.06% MgSO4.7H2O, 0.5% Na2CO3, and having pH of 9.3. The optimization of the medium led to ~16% improvement in CGTase production by Bacillus sp. PBS1.
Membranous Glomerulonephritis With Positive Serum PLA2R Antibodies: A Case Report Of Replacing Membranous Nephropathy, Massive Proteinuria Despite Immunosuppressive Therapies
Authors: Cıcek Ceren , Sari Gozde Nur
Published: April 2022

Membranous nephropathy (MN) is among the most common causes of nephrotic syndrome in non-diabetic adults, accounting for up to one-third of biopsied cases of nephrotic syndrome. The term MN reflects the primary histologic change noted on light microscopy: glomerular basement membrane (GBM) thickening with little or no cellular proliferation or infiltration MN is most often primary (previously called idiopathic), although it has been associated with hepatitis B antigene, autoimmune diseases, thyroiditis, malignancies (1,2). This case has been reported as its rarely encountered in our clinical practice. Its progression is worsened despite immunosuppressive treatment. The case of male patients with primary membranous nephropathy is presented. He was three years. Still, the nephrosis recurred with massive proteinuria (19180 mg/day) in treated corticosteroid and cyclosporine after conservative therapy had failed and went into remission for addition to weight loss without. Keywords: Membranous Glomerulonephritis, Therapies, Prognosis, Malignancy, Positive serum PLA2R antibodies
Impact of the Feed-in Tariff Policy on Renewable Innovation: Evidence from Wind Power Industry and Photovoltaic Power Industry in China
Authors: Lin Boqiang , Chen Yufang
Published: April 2022

Technological innovation is the key to develop wind power and photovoltaic power industries. The feed-in tariff (FIT) policy, as a demand-pull policy, is important to support renewable energy technological innovation. Using the “difference-in-differences” method, this paper investigates the impact of FIT policy of wind power and the impact of the FIT policy designed according to differences in the distribution of resources on wind power technological innovation. The findings show that the FIT policy can drive patenting in wind power technologies during the implementation period, but may play a relatively weak promoting role in technological innovation in the latter term, and the FIT policy designed according to differences in the distribution of resources also stimulates more patent counts. Finally, based on the fixed effect negative binomial regression model, this paper finds that the higher feed-in tariffs can increase the patent counts in photovoltaic power technologies.
Multifunctionality of Integrated Plantation Polyculture Farming in Tasikmalaya Regency, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Nuryati Rina , Sulistyowati Lies , Setiawan Iwan , Noor Trisna Insan , Faqihuddin  , Bunda Cici Aulia Permata
Published: April 2022

Resilience, independence and sovereignty have historically been successfully realized by local communities through diversification. In fact, diversification has been institutionalized in farming communities in dryland agroecosystems. This research uses a survey method to gather data from 250 farmers in Tasikmalaya Regency, West Java, Indonesia, who carry out integrated plantation polyculture farming (IPPF). The main variables of the multifunctional IPPF are economic, social, cultural and environmental functions as well as the welfare of the farmers involved in the IPPF. Primary data were collected through interviews using questionnaires and secondary data were obtained from various related parties. Primary data were tabulated and analyzed descriptively and quantitatively using Farmer Household Income Exchange Rate (FHIER) analysis. In general, the farmers stated that IPPF contributed to the economy of farmers and the community, has a high social function, and also has an environmental function. On average, IPPF farmers’ families in Tasikmalaya Regency are categorized as prosperous families (FHIER > 1). Farmer households spend more income to meet consumption needs (FHIER = 1.66) compared to IPPF production costs (FHIER = 22.94), and non-food consumption (FHIER = 4.88) was greater than food consumption (FHIER = 4.48).
Verkeersveiligheidsontwikkelingen: over modellen van de mens voor het bepalen van letselrisico’s, veilige snelheden en whiplash
Authors: Wismans J.S.H.M.
Published: April 2022

Verkeersveiligheidsontwikkelingen: over modellen van de mens voor het bepalen van letselrisico’s, veilige snelheden en whiplash

Een overzicht wordt gegeven van een aantal ontwikkelingen op het gebied van de verkeersveiligheid. Ingegaan wordt op recente ongevalscijfers in Nederland, de letselbiomechanica met betrekking tot de bepaling van letselrisico’s in botssituaties met behulp van mensmodellen (o.a. voor reconstructie van ongevallen), veilige snelheden en whiplashrisico als functie van Delta-v.
Het duurzaamheidscriterium: niet uitvoerbaar!
Authors: Faas J.
Published: April 2022

Het duurzaamheidscriterium: niet uitvoerbaar!

Het duurzaamheidscriterium in de WIA is met goed fatsoen niet goed uitvoerbaar. Daar zijn twee heel belangrijke redenen voor, die op zichzelf al voldoende zijn om acuut met deze beoordelingen te stoppen. Er is namelijk geen enkele oplossing in zicht.
De meerwaarde van overleg tussen verzekeringsarts en arbeidsdeskundige
Authors: Hulsen P.E.
Published: April 2022

De meerwaarde van overleg tussen verzekeringsarts en arbeidsdeskundige

In oordeelsvormende zaken is overleg tussen arts en arbeidsdeskundige alleen noodzakelijk als de door de verzekeringsarts beschreven belastbaarheid voor de arbeidsdeskundige onvoldoende duidelijkheid schept over de (on)mogelijkheden van de cliënt.
Current issues of the pharmacognostic study Monarda fistulosa L. herb
Authors: Tsibina Anastasiya S. , Kurkin Vladimir A.
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND: The Monarda fistulosa L. is successfully cultivated in Russia. The herbs of Thymus vulgaris, Thymus serpyllum and Origanum vulgare are used as agents with antimicrobial, antifungal and anti-inflammatory effects, it is due to the presence of thymol and carvacrol in the raw material. However Monarda fistulosa is not inferior to the listed plants.

AIM: The aim is to study the chemical composition, to identify significant morphological, anatomical and chemical signs of raw materials for diagnostics, as well as to develop methods to standardize the herb of Monarda fistulosa in accordance with the modern requirements of pharmaceutical analysis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The herb of Monarda fistulosa was harvested during the period of mass flowering in the Botanical Garden of Samara University in 2016-2019. Morphological and anatomical examination was carried out by the method of light microscopy in transmitted and reflected light. Luminescence microscopy was carried out on a luminescence microscope Altami LUM 2. Individual substances were isolated by column chromatography. The 13C NMR spectra was evaluated by means of the instrument Bruker DRX 500, and Bruker AM 300 was used to record 1H NMR spectra. Mass spectra were recorded on mass spectrometer Kratos MS-30; UV spectra were recorded using a Specord 40 spectrophotometer (Analytik Jena).

RESULTS: This paper discusses the results of research in the field of standardization of raw materials for Monarda fistulosa. As a result of the experimental work, characteristic anatomical and morphological features of the plant were determined. For the first time, the dominant flavonoids like isoroifolin, linarin, and other flavonoids like didimine, acacetin, apigenin were isolated from the herb of the studied raw material. The authors isolated a new natural compound 5-O-rutinoside apigenin from the herb of Monarda fistulosa. Methods for the qualitative analysis of the herb Monarda fistulosa have been developed using thin-layer chromatography (in the presence of thymol and rutin) and spectrophotometry (absorption maxima at a wavelength of 270 2 and 330 2 nm). A method has been developed for the quantitative determination of the total flavonoid content in the herb Monarda fistulosa L. using differential spectrophotometry at the analytical wavelength of 394 nm.

CONCLUSIONS: The obtained results were used in the drafting of the pharmacopoeial monograph for the new type of raw material Monarda fistulosa L. herb.
Analysis of drugs assortment and their consumption in older age patients diagnosed with COVID-19
Authors: Gladunova Elena P. , Shirobokov Yaroslav E. , Borodulina Elena A.
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND: To identify the features of coronavirus infection (COVID-19) treatment in older working age individuals the analysis of the drugs assortment and treatment schemes used in COVID hospitals in Samara was carried out.

AIM: The purpose of the research was to study the drugs used to treat senior patients in the hospitals of Samara Region, to identify the main drugs, to form a range of medical preparations and to predict the volume of their consumption.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study carried out a retrospective analysis of 218 cases of patients with coronavirus infection treated in Samara medical institutions from May till July 2020.

RESULTS: The main symptoms, comorbidities, the average duration of symptom manifestation prior to admission in both groups of patients, as well as the essential drugs used to treat the infection have been identified.

CONCLUSIONS: The analysis of the studied drugs used for the treatment of coronavirus infections should form the basis for the formation of an optimal range of drugs, forecasting the need for drugs in the light of scientifical pharmacoeconomic approaches.
Viroinformatics study: polytope mapping of envelope glycoprotein to tackle HIV-2 infection and develop vaccine candidate
Authors: Kharisma Viol Dhea , Widyananda Muhammad Hermawan , Probojati Rasyadan Taufiq , Ansori Arif Nur Muhammad , Murtadlo Ahmad Affan Ali , Tamam Muhammad Badrut , Wicaksono Adhityo , Turista Dora Dayu Rahma
Published: April 2022

Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 2 (HIV-2) has been identified to exhibit an ability to resist antiretroviral administration and many scientists has predicted increases in the pathogenicity of HIV-2. The development of a vaccine against the type 1 virus (HIV-1) infection has reached the phase 3 clinical trial stage, but currently there is no information on the development of a vaccine against HIV-2. Vaccine development to trigger an increase in the coverage of the expansion of protection can be done through B cell polytope. This study aims to provide an important preliminary for the construction of vaccine candidates by identifying the peptides that make up the B cell polytope in the HIV-2 envelope glycoprotein region. The HIV-2 sequence was obtained from the database. The study followed by 3D modelling, prediction of linear B-cell epitope mapping, antigenicity, allergenicity, peptide properties, and immune simulation was carried out via a webserver. The 3D structure of the peptide was displayed through molecular visualization software. The results showed that the 23-mer peptides E1 'HPRYTGVKNIRDITLTEPGRGSD', F1 'NFIENRKGTQHN' 12-mer, M1 'YLKDQARLNS' 10-mer, N1 'PWVNDSIQPNWNNMTWQQWELQVRD' 25-mer, and O1 'KLQNSWNMGVQTO' can be used as a candidate polytope HIV-2 vaccine because it is recognized by B cells is an antigenic peptide with stable molecule, non-allergenic. The peptides trigger proliferation and activation of B cells to produces a humoral response and work as functionally protective antibody for neutralization of HIV-2.

Key words: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, B-cell, Bioinformatics, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Retrovirus