bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KEBI 1.0: Indonesian Spelling Error Detection System for Scientific Papers using Dictionary Lookup and Peter Norvig Spelling Corrector
Authors: Fahrudin Tresna Maulana , Sa’diyah Ilmatus , Latipah Latipah , Atha Illah Ibnu Zahy’ , Bey Lirna Cagiva Chaedar , Acarya Burhan Syarif
Published: August 2021

Many Indonesian spelling errors occur in research papers published to the public, closely related to academics in all institutions such as research institutions, government, schools, and universities. The spelling errors usually writing punctuation, writing letters, writing words, writing words originating from foreign or regional languages (uptake words), using affixed words, and writing ineffective sentences. The mistakes made by the academics then become a cycle in the academic environment. They usually provide guidance for writing an undergraduate thesis, thesis, dissertations to students, or the other forms of documents and scientific papers. Therefore, the research proposed the application to facilitate all authors of scientific papers in producing quality scientific works based on the General Guidelines for Indonesian Spelling published by the Agency for Development and Language Development. The application is named KEBI 1.0 Checker (Indonesian Spelling Error 1.0 Checker), a web-based application with a built-in algorithm to detect and correct Indonesian Spelling in scientific papers. The experiment result shows that the application has given the best accuracy performance to correct the non-standard words, and typographical errors reached 100% and 55,52%, respectively. The application also has been detected 209 meaningless words. The application processing time is relatively low, the average time needed to correct non-standard words is 0.016 seconds, and typo words are 14.58 seconds. KEBI 1.0 Checker is helpful for the end-user in academics but needs to improve the vocabulary of the large corpus in various fields of science for correcting typo words.
Algorithm of the diagnosis and treatment of enteral insufficiency syndrome in peritonitis
Authors: Korymasov E. A. , Ivanov S. A. , Kenarskaya M. V.
Published: August 2021

RELEVANCE. The early diagnosis and correction of enteral insufficiency syndrome influence the treatment outcomes in patients with abdominal sepsis and multiple organ failure.

The OBJECTIVES was to improve the effectiveness of diagnosis and correction of enteral insufficiency syndrome in patients with generalized peritonitis using the express assessment scale of the severity of enteral insufficiency and the treatment algorithm based on this.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. The express assessment scale of the severity of enteral insufficiency syndrome was developed along with the treatment algorithm depending on the detected degree for systematic approach to the management of patients with generalized peritonitis. The study included 39 patients with generalized peritonitis (GP) who had received treatment in the Surgery Department of Samara Regional Clinical Hospital named after V. D. Seredavin in the period of 2019–2020. A computational program was created for quick severity evaluation of enteral insufficiency syndrome and choosing the best treatment strategy.

RESULTS. When comparing the severity of enteral insufficiency in patients immediately after the first operation and in 96 hours, a positive dynamics was registered: the number of patients with III degree of severity of enteral insufficiency syndrome decreased from 19 to 4 people, and the number of patients with I degree of severity of enteral insufficiency syndrome changed from 3 to 29 people, this indicated the stabilization of the condition of patients with GP (p<0.05). The statistically significant reduction in the number of points in the limits of each severity was evaluated as the proof of clinical efficacy of the algorithm applied for the enteral insufficiency syndrome correction (p<0.05).

CONCLUSION. Due to the correct choice of the treatment algorithm according to the identified severity of enteral insufficiency syndrome, the regression of clinical signs of generalized peritonitis was registered in all patients on the 5th postoperative day (96 hours after surgery).
Complications classification of local cold injury
Authors: Mikhailichenko M. I. , Shapovalov K. G. , Mudrov V. A.
Published: August 2021

The OBJECTIVE of this work was to develop a classification of complications of local cold injury.

METHODS AND MATERIALS. The study is based on the results and analysis of the treatment of 132 patients with local cold injury of the II–IV degree of the lower extremities. The victims were hospitalized in the regional center for thermal trauma on the basis of the «City Clinical Hospital № 1» in the period from 2018 to 2019. Post-traumatic complications were detected in 54 patients (40.1 %), of which 32 developed early and 22 patients developed late complications. The remaining 78 patients after discharge from the hospital did not seek medical help again and were under the supervision of a polyclinic surgeon.

RESULTS. In the course of the study, it was found that in 32 out of 132 patients in the early period of local cold injury of the lower extremities, sensitivity disorders, muscle weakness, convulsions, impaired coordination of movements, graft rejection, wound suppuration and suture failure, stump necrosis were detected in the affected segments of the extremities. 22 victims developed late complications of local cold injury: trophic ulcers of the stumps of the feet, osteomyelitis with the formation of sequesters, gangrene of the stumps of both feet. As a result of the study and pathogenetic interpretation of the consequences of cryoinjury, a new classification of complications of local cold injury was formed and the criteria for the forms of «cold extremity» were identified.

CONCLUSION. Post-traumatic complications were detected in almost half of the victims with local cold injury (54 patients, 40.1 %). Thus, in the early stages of cryoinjury, 32 patients were found to have impaired sensitivity of the affected limb, muscle weakness, convulsions, and impaired coordination of movements; 4 (12.5 %) had treatment complicated by graft rejection; 5 (15.5 %) had wound suppuration and suture failure; 2 (6.25 %) had stump necrosis. In the late period, complications of local cold injury were registered in 22 patients. Of these, 12 (55 %) patients were found to have trophic disorders; osteomyelitis was detected in 8 (36 %) patients; in 2 (9 %) — gangrene of the distal segment of the affected limb.
Thyroidectomy in patients with amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis
Authors: Tsoy U. A. , Shekhovtsova A. A. , Ivanikha E. V. , Salov M. A. , Danilov I. N. , Andrejchenko T. V. , Dalmatova A. B. , Belousova L. V. , Grineva E. N.
Published: August 2021

The OBJECTIVE of the study was to analyze the experience of performing thyroidectomy (TE) in patients with amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis (AmIT) at our centre.

METHODS AND MATERIALS. The study included 12 patients with AmIT who underwent TE. Medical records were analyzed to assess the features of the AmIT and indications for TE. We also studied the operation protocols and postoperative follow-up data. Intraoperative, early and long-term postoperative complications were recorded. The long-term TE results were evaluated by the dynamics of the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) based on the echocardiography data.

RESULTS. The main indications for TE included the resistance of thyrotoxicosis to medication and worsening of the cardiac pathology. No cases of thyrotoxicosis progression or thyrotoxic crisis were registered during the operation. The vocal cord paresis developed in one case, completely restored in a year. Blood loss was minimal in all cases. Other intraoperative complications were absent. Not a single death was registered in the early postoperative period. At this period, a short paroxysm of atrial fibrillation resolved on its own was registered in patient with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia. A patient with biventricular chronic heart failure of a high functional class died 39 days after the operation due to a massive pulmonary thromboembolism. The long-term results of TE were evaluated in eight patients. In four out of five patients with initially reduced LVEF, it increased. In three patients with initially normal LVEF, it did not change.

CONCLUSION. Thyroidectomy is an effective and safe treatment in patients with AmIT, including those with the persistent thyrotoxicosis and severe cardiac pathology. The success is possible when the preparation of patients for the intervention is carried out by a team of specialists experienced in treating of such patients.
Surgical treatment of a patient with placentoid transformation of the lower lobe of the right lung
Authors: Eskov S. A. , Erokhov V. V. , Dziadzko A. M. , Minov A. F. , Gurova O. Iu. , Iudina O. A. , Kashanskii R. V. , Davidovskaia E. I. , Rummo O. O.
Published: August 2021

Placentoid transformation (in English publications – placental transmogrification) extremely rare lung disease, characterized by formation of villous structures, which look like chorionic villus with pulmonary emphysema. We report the first case of 28 y. o. patient with giant placentoid transformation and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We used extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support for surgical management and it let the oxygen-dependent patient to return to normal life.
Academician Semyon Semyonovich Girgolav (1881–1957) (to the 140th anniversary of the birth)
Authors: Kotiv B. N. , Kurygin Al. A. , Dzidzava I. I. , Semenov V. V.
Published: August 2021

Professor Semyon Semyonovich Girgolav was born on February 2 (14), 1881 in Tiflis (Tbilisi) in a large family of the hereditary honorary citizen of St. Petersburg Semyon Gavrilovich Girgolav. In 1899, he graduated from the Second St. Petersburg Classical Gymnasium with a silver medal and immediately entered the Imperial Military Medical Academy, from which he graduated with honors in 1904. Under the guidance of M. S. Subbotin, S. S. Girgolav prepared and in 1907 successfully defended his doctoral dissertation «Experimental data on the use of an isolated omentum in abdominal surgery». In 1912, Semyon Semyonovich was elected by the Conference of the Academy as a privatdozent of the general surgery clinic, and in 1914, he was confirmed as a senior assistant of the clinic. In the 1920/21 academic year, S. S. Girgolav introduced mandatory practical classes in general surgery for the first time in our country, where students studied and mastered the methods of asepsis and antiseptics, mastered the methods of examining patients with surgical diseases, methods of applying various bandages and transportation splints, techniques for temporary hemostasis, etc. In 1932, Semyon Semyonovich was appointed Deputy Director for the scientific part of the Leningrad Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics (now the Russian Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics named after R. R. Vreden). In the pre-war years, the main direction of scientific research of S. S. Girgolav and his staff in the hospital surgery clinic was the study of the regularities of the wound process and wound healing in surgical pathology. S. S. Girgolav applied much efforts and energy to the problems of traumatology. He developed the technique of a number of original surgical operations for acute fractures of long bones, the habitual dislocation of the shoulder joint. Semyon Semyonovich’s scientific heritage is great and multifaceted. He has published more than 140 scientific papers on general, military and thoracic surgery, traumatology, neurosurgery, surgical endocrinology and oncology, combustiology, pathology and therapy of frostbites and burns. Under the supervision of S. S. Girgolav, more than 20 doctoral and 45 candidate theses were prepared and defended. For outstanding services to the Motherland in peace and war, S. S. Girgolav was awarded two Orders of Lenin, three Orders of the Red Banner, the Order of the Red Banner of Labor, the Order of the Red Star, many medals and badges of honour. Academician Semyon Semyonovich Girgolav died on January 25, 1957 in Leningrad and was buried at the Bogoslovskoe Cemetery.
TIBIAL NERVE CONDUCTION IN PATIENTS WITH RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME
Authors: SAÇMACI Hikmet , KİSLİ Mesude
Published: August 2021

Objective: Pathogenesis and clinical correlations of restless legs syndrome are diverse. Its presentation with the neuropathy clinic can be confusing. The aim of this study is to review nerve conductions of lower extremities in patients with restless legs syndrome and to identify possible differences.Material and Methods: Distal nerve conductions of the lower extremities were evaluated cross-sectionally in 32 patients diagnosed with restless legs syndrome according to the battery of diagnosis for restless legs syndrome and additional symptoms were questioned. Motor and sensory nerve conductions were assessed with standard protocol. The demographic, clinical features and nerve conductions of restless legs syndrome patients who were on treatment were compared. The results were compared with the healthy control group (n=29).Results: Neurological examinations of all patients were within normal limits. Both groups were similar in age and gender. Peroneal and sural nerve conduction parameters were not different in both groups (p>0.05). However, the tibial nerve parameters showed a decrease in amplitude and prolongation in distal latency was observed in the patients (p=0.003, p<0.001). We found that the tibial nerve conduction velocity was slower in the patient group (p<0.001).Conclusion: The results show that in restless legs syndrome patients, tibial nerve conduction parameters may vary according to the control group. Before starting the necessary and appropriate treatment in restless legs syndrome patients, it should be noted that, even if the etiological investigation has been done before, it may be important to renew the tests for an optimal treatment plan.
KONJENİTAL AORT KAPAK HASTALIKLARINDA YÜKSEK EFEKTİF AÇIKLIK ALANLI PROTEZ KAPAK İLE YAPILAN AORT KAPAK REPLASMANI: ERKEN DÖNEM SONUÇLARIMIZ
Authors: GEMALMAZ Hüseyin , GÜLTEKİN Yıldırım
Published: August 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmada konjenital aort kapak hastalığı olan seçilmiş hastalarda yüksek efektif açıklık alanlı protez kapak kullanılarak yapılan aort kapak replasmanı erken dönem sonuçlarını paylaşmayı amaçladık.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Ağustos 2019-Ağustos 2020 tarihleri arasında toplam 4 pediatrik hastaya mekanik protez kapakla aort kapak replasmanı gerçekleştirildi. Hasta bilgileri retrospektif olarak incelendi. Hastaların tamamı erkekti ve yaşları 10-14 yıl arasındaydı. Üç hastada konjenital aort stenozu vardı ve bir hastada aort stenozu nedeniyle yapılan balon valvuloplasti sonrası orta derece aort yetmezliği olduğu saptandı. Hastaların tamamına median sternotomi ile 16 mm yüksek efektif açıklık alanlı mekanik protez kapak kullanılarak aort kapak replasmanı yapıldı. Üç hastada aortik anulusun dar olması sebebiyle Manuqian tekniği ile aort kök genişletmesi uygulandı.Bulgular: Postoperatif dönemde hiçbir hastada ritim problemi olmadı. Kanama veya tamponad nedeniyle eksplorasyon gerekmedi. Hastalar 42 (36-48) saat yoğun bakım tedavisi gördükten sonra servise alındı. Hastaneden 6.5 (6-8) günde taburcu oldular. Hiçbir hastada mortalite gelişmedi. Postoperatif erken dönemde, 1. ay ve 6. aylardaki kontrol ekokardiyografilerinde protez kapakların fonksiyonları normaldi ve patolojik bir gradient saptanmadı. Tromboembolik ve hemorajik bir komplikasyon görülmedi.Sonuç: Bu çalışmada, konjenital aort kapak hastalığı olan seçilmiş hastalarda yüksek efektif açıklık alanlı protez kapakla yapılan aort kapak replasmanının erken dönem sonuçlarına göre iyi bir alternatif tedavi yöntemi olabileceğini düşünüyoruz. Daha çok hasta üzerinde ve daha uzun dönem takip sonuçlarını içeren çalışmalara gerek vardır.
DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİ FAKÜLTESİ ÖĞRENCİLERİNDEKİ ORTODONTİK TEDAVİ İHTİYACININ BENLİK SAYGISI VE PSİKOSOSYAL DURUMA ETKİSİ
Authors: SEZEN ERHAMZA Türkan , İLHAN KOÇAK Ebru , TURGUT Rana
Published: August 2021

Amaç: Çalışmamızın amacı, diş hekimliği fakültesi öğrencilerinde ortodontik tedavi ihtiyacının psikososyal duruma ve benlik saygısına etkisini belirleyebilmektir.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmamıza yaş ortalaması 21.31±1.86 yıl olan toplam 279 diş hekimliği fakültesi öğrencisi dahil edildi. Ortodontik tedavi ihtiyacını belirlemek için Ortodontik Tedavi İhtiyacı İndeksinin dental estetiği değerlendiren Estetik Komponent indeksi kullanıldı. Benlik saygısı skorlarının belirlenebilmesi için Rosenberg Benlik Saygısı Ölçeği ve psikososyal durumun tespiti için de Dental Estetiğin Psikososyal Etkisi Anketi uygulandı. Gruplar arası karşılaştırmalarda tek yönlü varyans analizi uygulandı. Alt grup karşılaştırmalarında ise Tukey çoklu karşılaştırma testi kullanıldı. Cinsiyetler arasındaki farkın değerlendirilmesinde bağımsız örneklemlerde t testi, anketler arasındaki korelasyonun değerlendirilmesinde Pearson korelasyon testi kullanıldı.Bulgular: Cinsiyetler arasında Estetik Komponent indeksi, objektif ve subjektif ile belirlenen ortodontik tedavi ihtiyacı farkı istatistiksel olarak anlamlı (p<0.05) bulunurken, Dental Estetiğin Psikososyal Etkisi Anketi toplam değeri ve Dental Estetiğin Psikososyal Etkisi Anketi alt grupları arasındaki fark anlamlı değildi (p>0.05). Kadın bireylerin benlik saygısı değeri erkeklerden daha yüksek bulundu. Dental Estetiğin Psikososyal Etkisi Anketi değerleri toplamı arttıkça tedavi ihtiyacı ve benlik saygısı değeri arttı (p<0.05). Tedavi ihtiyacı grupları arasında benlik saygısı ve psikososyal etki değerlendirilmesinde hem subjektif hem de objektif tedavi ihtiyacı için toplam Dental Estetiğin Psikososyal Etkisi Anketi skor değerleri anlamlı bulundu (p<0.05). Dental Estetiğin Psikososyal Etkisi Anketi alt başlıkları ve benlik saygısı arasında anlamlı ilişki bulunamadı (p>0.05).Sonuç: Ortodontik tedavi ihtiyacı daha yüksek olan bireylerde dental estetiğin psikososyal etkisinin de daha yüksek olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır, ancak tedavi ihtiyacının benlik saygısı üzerinde etkisi bulunamamıştır.
EVALUATION OF HEPATITIS A SEROLOGY IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN ANKARA
Authors: ÇEKEN Sabahat , SÖNMEZ Çiğdem
Published: August 2021

Objective: Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is a common cause of acute hepatitis in developing countries. The aim of this study is to investigate the serology of HAV infection in a tertiary care hospital in Ankara, and to review the change of the epidemiology of HAV infection.Material and Methods: Patients who were tested for anti HAV IgG for any reason other than acute hepatitis during the two years period, between October 1, 2018 and October 1, 2020, and older than 18 years were retrospectively analysed, according to age groups. People younger than 18 and who had immunisation history were excluded. The age and sex of the patients and anti HAV IgG levels were recorded.Results: The mean age of 3338 participants was 41±17.3 years. One thousand eight hundred eighty-two (56.4%) of the participants were female. Anti HAV IgG was positive in 2551 (76.5%) of them. The lowest positivity was found in the 18-20 age group as 31%. The rate of HAV IgG seropositivity increased by age and it was statistically significant (p=0.0001).Conclusion: Although hepatitis A vaccine is included in routine vaccination, there is a younger population sensitive to hepatitis A, especially below the age of 30, in our country. We think it would be beneficial to vaccinate adolescents and young adults.
Dacryocystitis in children: problems and solutions
Authors:   Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Markova E.Y. , Valyavskaya M.E. ,   Research Clinical Institute of Pediatrics named after acad. Yu.E. Veltischeva, Polunina E.G. ,   Ophthalmology Center of FMBA of Russia, Ioyleva E.E. ,   Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Mushkova I.A. ,   Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Kovalevskaya M.A. ,   Voronezh State Medical University N.N. Burdenko, Ministry of Health of Russia
Published: August 2021

Учебное пособие «Дакриоциститы у детей: проблемы и решения» включает разделы: причины дакриоцистита новорожденных, методы обследования пациентов с нарушением слезоотведения, методы терапевтического и хирургического лечения. Отдельная глава посвящена описанию технологии оптимизированного хирургического лечения врожденного стеноза носослезного протока. При подготовке учебного пособия использован практический и научный опыт профессорско-преподавательского состава кафедры глазных болезней Института непрерывного профессионального образования ФГАУ «НМИЦ «МНТК «Микрохирургия глаза» им. акад. С.Н. Фёдорова» Минздрава России, кафедры Центра офтальмологии ФМБА России, Воронежского государственного медицинского университета им. Н.Н. Бурденко. В учебном пособии, освещен последовательно, логично, в доступной форме. Информация систематизирована, соответствует современному уровню развития науки и клинической практики.
How Does Employee Infusion Use of CRM Systems Drive Customer Satisfaction? Mechanism Differences Between Face-to-Face and Virtual Channels
Authors: Chen Liwei , Hsieh J. J. Po-An , Rai Arun , Xu Sean Xin
Published: August 2021

To attain customer satisfaction, service firms invest significant resources to implement customer relationship management (CRM) systems to support internal customer service (CS) employees who provide service to external customers in both face-to-face and virtual channels. How CS employees apply sophisticated CRM systems to interact with customers and how the mechanisms through which their CRM usage affects customer satisfaction vary across service channels and bear important implications. We approach these issues by investigating the concept of infusion use, defined as CS employees’ assessment of the extent to which they use a CRM system to its fullest potential to best support their work in the CRM-enabled service interaction context. Drawing on the IS success framework and expectation confirmation theory, we first formulate a baseline model that explains the direct and indirect mechanisms through which CS employees’ infusion use of CRM systems leads to customers’ expectation confirmation, which in turn affects customers’ satisfaction. We then draw on the lenses of media richness and communication adaptation to theorize why these two mechanisms exert differential influence in face-to-face and virtual channels. We test the hypotheses by collecting multiwave data from CS employees, customers, and firm archives of a Fortune 500 telecom service firm. We find that (1) CS employee infusion use can directly contribute to customer expectation confirmation and indirectly do so through CS employees’ satisfaction with the system (i.e., user satisfaction), and (2) the direct mechanism plays a more critical role in the face-to-face channel, whereas the indirect mechanism is more important in the virtual channel. Our findings inform managers of the avenues through which employees’ infusion use promotes CRM-enabled service success across face-to-face and virtual service channels.
Designing Promotional Incentives to Embrace Social Sharing: Evidence from Field and Online Experiments
Authors: Sun Tianshu , Viswanathan Siva , Huang Ni , Zheleva Elena
Published: August 2021

Despite the increasing connectivity between consumers and the large volume of social shares supported by digital technologies, there is an absence of research systematically investigating how firms can design promotional incentives that jointly consider their consumers as both purchasers and sharers. In this study, we examine whether and how firms can leverage consumers’ social connections and engage consumers to share promotional incentives. In collaboration with a leading online deal platform, we report a large-scale randomized field experiment to test the effectiveness of different incentive designs (varying in the shareability and scarcity of promotion codes) in driving social sharing senders’ purchases and successful referrals. We find that the different incentive designs have distinct impacts on the purchase and referral outcomes. Specifically, providing senders with one non-shareable promo code significantly increases their own purchase likelihood, compared to the other experimental groups. In contrast, senders who receive one shareable promo code are less likely to purchase themselves yet are more likely to make successful referrals. Surprisingly, the incentive design with two promo codes containing one non-shareable code and one shareable code increases neither the senders’ purchases nor their successful referrals. Managerially, we estimate that although the one non-shareable promo code group derives the highest net revenue for the experimental period, the one shareable promo code group derives the highest customer lifetime value for the firm from the new customers acquired through the successful referrals. We further conducted two online experiments on Amazon Mechanical Turk that replicate the field experiment’s findings and explore the underlying mechanisms of the observed relationships. We find that exclusivity perception and social motives triggered by the incentive designs with one promo code mediate their effects on senders’ self-purchases and successful referrals, respectively, and explain the ineffectiveness of two promo codes. Our study contributes to the bodies of literature on IT-enabled social sharing and social promotions, providing implications for firms on how to design promotional incentives that accommodate the dual role of consumers as purchasers and sharers.
Stability of Transaction Fees in Bitcoin: A Supply and Demand Perspective
Authors: Ilk Noyan , Shang Guangzhi , Fan Shaokun , Zhao J. Leon
Published: August 2021

Cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin are breakthrough financial technologies that promise to revolutionize the digital economy. Unfortunately, their long-term adoption in the business world is imperiled by a lack of stability that manifests as dramatic swings in transaction fees and severe participant dissatisfaction. To date, there has been little academic effort to study how system participants react to volatility in fee movements. Our study addresses this research gap by conceptualizing the Bitcoin platform as a data space market and studying how market equilibrium forms between users who demand data space while trying to avoid transaction delays, and miners who supply data space while trying to maximize fee revenues. Our empirical analysis based on past bitcoin transactions reveals the existence of a relatively flat downward-sloping demand curve and a much steeper upward-sloping supply curve. Regarding users, the inelastic nature of demand signals the utility of Bitcoin as a niche platform for transactions that are otherwise difficult to conduct. This result challenges the belief that users may easily abandon Bitcoin technology given rising transaction costs. We also find that the use of bitcoins as a trading asset is associated with higher levels of tolerance to fees. Regarding miners, the comparatively elastic nature of supply indicates that higher fees stimulate mining by a larger magnitude than suppressing demand. This finding implies that, ceteris paribus, the Bitcoin system turns to self-regulate transaction fees in an efficient manner. Our work has implications for the management of congestion in blockchain-based systems and more broadly for the stability of cryptocurrency markets.
Process Improvisation Strategies for the Enhancement of Lipase Activity
Authors: Das Prama , Chattopadhyay Soham
Published: August 2021

In this present study, lipase-producing bacteria were isolated and screened from an indigenous soil sample and were used for lipase production with high enzyme activity. In the production medium, different production media were screened and lipase production was induced by olive oil, 14 mL/L. It was observed from Luedeking and Piret model that the lipase production was mixed growth associated with maximum activity at 37°C and at pH 7. Statistical optimization using Response Surface Methodology was performed to understand the interaction of different parameters and the standardized conditions obtained were as follows: Peptone 10 g/L, yeast extract 7.5 g/L and olive oil 14 mL/L. The predicted data were validated and the model predicted was significant with a maximum specific activity of 1.1 µmole/min/mg proteins. The lipasespecific activity was enhanced by 10% and 23% after a single parameter and statistical optimization.
Function of Serum Adenosine Deaminase as an Indicator of Immune Status in HIV Patients treated with Combination Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Nikam Shashikant , Allannavar Sneha , Nikam Padmaja , Patil Giridhar
Published: August 2021

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is one of the greatest public health and social problems threatening the human race. The trend of annual AIDS deaths is showing a steady decline since the implementation of the free Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) program in India (2004). HIV infection is characterized by replication of virus by abnormal non specific immune activation and persistent inflammation. Adenosine deaminase (ADA) has a cytokine-like co-stimulatory role in T cell proliferation which is independent of catalytic activity. Therefore, we decided to study the role of ADA as an indicator of immune status in HIV patients treated with combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Adenosine deaminase activity (ADA) in HIV patients was estimated before and after 3 months interval of antiretroviral therapy (ART) up to 9 months. The study included 150 HIV positive patients between age group of 20-50 years from ICTC (Integrated Counseling and Testing Centre) and ART centre. Venous blood samples were collected in plain bulb to estimate serum ADA activity before and after 3 months interval upto 9 months of ART. Serum ADA activity was estimated using colorimetric method of Giusti and Galanti. Activity of serum ADA was significantly raised before and after 3 months interval of ART with decrease in CD4 cell count. After 6 months, increased ADA activity started declining and comes to near normal after 9 months of ART (p<0.001). Elevated serum adenosine deaminase activity in HIV patients is an indicator of T-cell activation. Serum ADA activity along with other markers can be used as a prognostic marker to monitor response to antiretroviral therapy and immunocompetence in HIV patients.
Xylanase production by halophilic bacterium Gracilibacillus sp. TSCPVG under solid state fermentation
Authors: Poosarla Venkata Giridhar , Chandra T.S.
Published: August 2021

We previously demonstrated the production and purification of novel halo-acid-alkali-thermo-stable xylanase from halophilic bacterium Gracilibacillus sp. TSCPVG using submerged fermentation (SmF). In this work, we further showed the production of halophilic xylanase by solid state fermentation (SSF) from halophilic bacterium Gracilibacillus sp. TSCPVG using cheap solid-substrate wheat bran. High levels of enzyme titers (657 U/g dw) were obtained after varying certain SSF parameters such as incubation period, particle size, moisture ratio, salinity, pH, temperature and by supplementing different carbon and nitrogen sources externally to the fermentation medium. This bacterium could be a novel strain due to its ability to produce high titers of xylanase with extremophilic characters even under the conditions of SSF. Thus, this beneficiary role may lead to a substantial reduction in the overall cost of enzyme production and may have a huge impact on the economics of hemicellulose degradation under high saline conditions.
Growing perennial sorghum in the North-Caspian region
Authors: Косолапов В. , Булахтина Г. , Шагаипов М. , Гишкаева Л. , Шагаипов М.
Published: August 2021

В настоящее время обеспеченность полноценными кормами животных, пасущихся на природных пастбищах Прикаспия, очень низка она составляет в среднем по регионам от 10 до 41. Правильный подбор видов и сортов кормовых растений, продуктивных и устойчивых, это первый этап создания прочной кормовой базы. Одним из путей решения этой проблемы является интродукция, то есть натурализация и акклиматизация растений в новых для них условиях среды. Интродукция растений особенно актуальна для регионов со сложными природноклиматическими условиями. Приведены результаты исследования возможности интродукции кормового растения сорго многолетнее (Sorghum derzhavinii Tzvel.) в полупустынных почвенноклиматических условиях Северного Прикаспия. Регион проведения опыта Астраханская область. Коэффициент аридности составляет 0,11 0,30 (сильно аридная зона). За год осадков выпадает в пределах 125 265мм. Продолжительность периода с температурами выше 10С составляет 165 170 дней. Сумма эффективных температур достигает 3200 3500С. Испаряемость в 3 5 раз превышает количество выпавших осадков. Вероятность сухих и засушливых лет превышает 60. По результатам исследования было выявлено, что сорго многолетнее является неприхотливым к почвенным условиям растением, способным к произрастанию на малогумусных (0,75) солонцеватых почвах. Лучшие показатели урожайности зелёной массы отмечены у сорта Травинка в варианте 40 тыс. растений на 1 га: при поливе 41,6 т/га, на богаре 7,9 т/га у сорта Караван при густоте стояния 20 тыс. растений на 1 га: при поливе 24,8 т/га, на богаре 3,9 т/га. С 1 га кормового угодья сорго можно получить при поливе 2,2 8,5, на богаре 0,4 2,5 т корм. ед.

Pastures of the Caspian region provide insufficient amount of highquality fodder, satisfying only 10 41 of total demand. Stabilization of forage resources requires optimal combination of highproductive and resistant crop species and varieties. Introduction of new crops into local environment is one of the ways improving forage availability, particularly for the regions with severe climate. Performance of perennial sorghum (Sorghum derzhavinii Tzvel.) was tested under strong dry climate in the Astrakhan region. Annual precipitation rate is 125 265 mm. Temperature of above 10С stays for 165 170 days. Growing degree days reach 3200 3500С. Evaporation rate exceeds precipitation by 3 5 times. Probability of dry years reaches 60. Sorghum showed good adaptability to soil and was able to grow on lowhumus (0.75) alkaline soil. Variety Travinka performed the best under plant density of 40 thousand plants per 1 ha: when irrigating 41.6 t ha1, under dry farming 7.9 t ha1. Karavan yielded the most under plant density of 20 thousand plants per 1 ha: under water supply 24.8 t ha1, without irrigation 3.9 t ha1. Sorghum could yield 2.2 8.5 and 0.4 2.5 t feed units ha1 under irrigation and dry conditions, respectively.
Feeding bulk forage to high-productive black-and-white cows at the OOO “Monza” in the Vologda region
Authors: Папушина Т. , Касаткина И.
Published: August 2021

Уровень развития кормовой базы определяется как общим производством кормов, так и их качеством. Оба эти показателя в равной мере влияют на эффективность производства молока и являются неотъемлемыми факторами кормопроизводства на современном уровне. Поэтому в ООО Монза выделена большая площадь сельскохозяйственных угодий: под пашню 2478 га, под сенокосы 131 га. Кормовая база предприятия включает производство кормов: сена, сенажа, силоса, соломы, зелёной массы многолетних трав и концентрированных кормов. Кормами собственного производства всё поголовье обеспечено на 100 потребности. Количество заготовляемого силоса в 2018 году по сравнению с 2016 годом возросло на 3233 т. Качество кормов за последние 2 года также незначительно улучшилось. Так, питательность силоса в 2018 по сравнению с 2016 годом возросла на 0,4 0,6 МДж. Концентрация сырого протеина также увеличилась в 2018 году по сравнению с 2016 годом на 0,8, а содержание сырой клетчатки уменьшилось на 1,7 2,2. Можно сделать вывод, что на предприятии стали больше обращать внимание на сроки заготовки и фазу вегетации трав при скашивании на силос. Обеспеченность обменной энергией стада из основных объёмистых кормов за последние 3 года выросла на 3,8, но остаётся на очень низком уровне и в 2018 году составила 32,3 от общей потребности для коров с продуктивностью 8500 кг молока за лактацию. Приведены результаты исследования по использованию объёмистых кормов в рационах высокопродуктивных коров чёрнопёстрой породы. Исследования включали анализ химического состава кормов собственного производства, их качественных характеристик и молочной продуктивности коров. Выяснили, что корма собственного производства имеют недостаточно хорошее качество, что приводит к повышенному расходу концентрированных кормов и закупке дорогостоящих добавок.

Availability of forage resources is related to both feed production and quality. These parameters equally affect milk and fodder production efficiencies. OOO Monza has large field area of 2478 ha and grassland area of 131 ha. It produces hay, haylage, silage, straw, green mass of perennial grasses and concentrated feedstuff. The farm livestock is fully supplied by the ownproduced forage. Silage production increased by 3233 t in 2018 compared to 2016. Forage quality insignificantly improved for the last 2 years. Nutritional value of silage grew by 0.4 0.6 MJ in 2018. Crude protein content increased by 0.8 while crude fiber concentration reduced by 1.7 2.2. Harvesting date and crop growing stage were optimized for silage production. Even though exchange energy grew by 3.8 for the last 3 years its yield was still insufficient, satisfying only 32.2 of total cow demand under milk productivity of 8500 kg per lactation. The article presents the results on effectiveness of bulk fodder in blackandwhite cow diet. The investigation tested feed chemical composition, quality and effect on milk productivity. Ownproduced forage showed low quality leading to high utilization of concentrated feedstuff and expensive additives.
The attractiveness of Maral root for honey bee
Authors: Авдеев Н.
Published: August 2021

Исследование проводилось в ФГБНУ Пермский НИИСХ на популяциях левзеи сафлоровидной и медоносных пчёл Apis mellifera mellifera L. в 2019 году. Целью исследования являлась оценка возможности опыления левзеи сафлоровидной медоносными пчёлами в условиях Пермского края. Была проанализирована доля пчёл, опыляющих исследуемый вид, при использовании нектара и цветочной пыльцы. При выборе нектара важным фактором является содержание и соотношение в нём сахаров. Левзея сафлоровидная перспективное лекарственное и кормовое растение, возделывание которого главным образом ограничено отсутствием качественных семян. В период максимального цветения левзеи проводили отлавливание пчёл, возвращающихся в улей с ношами собранной цветочной пыльцы (обножками). При идентификации пыльцевых зёрен с помощью специальных справочников и микропрепаратов определяли вид, род, семейство или тип растения. По результатам пыльцевого анализа обнаружено, что летом 2019 года в Пермском крае левзея не выделяла нектар в количестве, доступном для сбора пчёлами (частота встречаемости пыльцевых зёрен левзеи в мёде составила менее 1). Тем не менее пчёлы активно собирали пыльцу левзеи, доля пчёл с обножками левзеи составляла 22,5, что является высоким показателем, учитывая площадь посадки левзеи (0,6 га) и наличие других энтомофильных растений в пределах продуктивного радиуса пчёл (3 км). Скорее всего, в пыльце левзеи присутствуют экдистероиды, обуславливающие её высокую привлекательность для медоносной пчелы. Использование медоносной пчелы может стать важным элементом технологии получения качественных семян левзеи сафлоровидной.

The investigation took place at the Perm Agricultural Research Institute on Maral root and honey bees in 2019. The aim was to study the possibility of Maral root pollination by honey bees in the Perm region. The proportion of bees was estimated that pollinated the plants when collecting nectar and pollen. For a nectar to be chosen sugar content and ratio are of great importance. Maral root is a promising medicinal and forage plant whose cultivation is limited by seeds of low quality. Bees were caught at the Maral root flowering time and their pollen pellet was analyzed. The respective literature and microscope slides were used to identify pollen grains. Pollen analysis revealed that Maral root produced insufficient amount of nectar in summer 2019. However, bees actively collected Maral root pollen. The proportion of bees carrying Maral root pollen pellet amounted to 22.5 which was a very high number, considering Maral root growing area (0.6 ha) and presence of other entomophilous plants. It is likely that Maral root pollen contained ecdysteroids the reason of its high attractiveness for honey bees. Pollination of Maral root by honey bees can become an important element in its seed production technology.
Effectiveness of eastern goat’s rue cultivation with hungarian sainfoin for seed production
Authors: Чернявских В. , Думачева Е.
Published: August 2021

Приведены результаты полевых опытов по возделыванию козлятника восточного (Galega orientalis Lam.) сорта Гале и эспарцета песчаного (Onobrychis arenria (Kit.) DC) сорта Зерноградский 2 на семенные цели в чистом виде и смешанных посевах. Стационарный полевой опыт заложен в 2011 году, исследования проводили в 20122015 годах в Краснояружском районе Белгородской области на базе ЗАО Краснояружская зерновая компания . Склон северо-восточной экспозиции с уклоном 57о. Почва чернозём типичный среднеэродированный. Содержание гумуса 3,9, pHсол 6,0. Установлено, что культура эспарцета не вызывала сильного угнетения козлятника при совместном возделывании на семена. Семенная продуктивность козлятника в чистом виде и в смеси с эспарцетом в первые 2 года пользования достоверно не отличалась (P 0,05) и находилась в пределах 1,817,0 кг/га. В то же время урожайность семян эспарцета составляла 994,21026,1 кг/га в чистом посеве и 834,9868,7 кг/га в смешанном. К четвёртому году пользования не установлено математически доказанной разницы (P 0,05) по урожайности семян козлятника между его чистым и бинарным посевом с эспарцетом (481,7509,6 кг/га). Смешанный посев обеспечивал большую биологическую эффективность фитоценоза в целом в первые 2 года пользования за счёт семенной продуктивности эспарцета, в последующие годы за счёт семенной продуктивности козлятника. Рентабельность смешанного фитоценоза в среднем за 4 года составила 119, посева эспарцета в чистом виде 75, козлятника в чистом виде 3. Сделан вывод, что в условиях юга Среднерусской возвышенности возделывание козлятника восточного на семенные цели в смешанных посевах с эспарцетом песчаным экономически эффективно.

This report deals with seed production of eastern goats rue (Galega orientalis Lam.) and hungarian sainfoin (Onobrychis arenria (Kit.) DC) cultivated separately or together. The field experiment was started at the ZAO Krasnoyaruzhskaya zernovaya kompaniya in 2011. The data was obtained in 20122015. The north-east area has a slope of 57о. Soil moderately eroded chernozem. Humus content 3.9, pH 6.0. Hungarian sainfoin had no negative effect on eastern goats rue. Eastern goats rue productivity was insignificantly different from its mixtures with hungarian sainfoin for the first 2 years (P 0,05) and varied within 1.817.0 kg ha-1. Seed productivity of pure hungarian sainfoin amounted to 994.21026.1 kg ha-1, its mixtures 834.9868.7 kg ha-1. By the 4th year eastern goats rue showed no significant difference between its monoculture and mixture (P 0,05) (481.7509.6 kg ha-1). Combined cultivation of two crops was more effective due to good performance of hungarian sainfoin for the first 2 years and eastern goats rue later on. Economic efficiency of such mixture averaged to 119 for 4 years, pure hungarian sainfoin 75, eastern goats rue 3.
Preparation of mash feed from micronized grain for piglets
Authors: Афанасьев В. , Остриков А. , Василенко В. , Фролова Л. , Александров А. , Михайлова Н.
Published: August 2021

На основе изучения питания поросят оценена питательность каждого из компонентов кормовой смеси, обеспечивающей потребность животных для значительного увеличения прироста живой массы. Для решения данной проблемы с помощью программы оптимизации КормОптима были разработаны рассыпные стартерные комбикорма с высоким индексом незаменимых аминокислот (индекс НАК), свидетельствующим о биологической полноценности белка. Цель исследований разработать рецепты рассыпных комбикормов для поросят с применением микронизации зернового сырья (ячменя, пшеницы, кукурузы и т.д.), обеспечивающей направленное изменение физико-химических, структурных свойств и санитарного состояния готового продукта. Для проведения опыта были подобраны три группы маток по девять голов в каждой с количеством поросят по 104 головы в I и III группах и 102 во II. Кормление поросят было групповым, учёт заданных кормов и их остатков ежедневный. О росте и развитии поросят судили по результатам их индивидуального взвешивания. Схема опыта была следующей: поросята I контрольной группы получали комбикорм-стартер (КС) с необработанным шелушёным ячменём поросята II опытной группы получали КС с микронизированным шелушёным ячменём поросята III опытной группы получали КС с микронизированным шелушёным ячменём и вводом сниженной с 7 до 3 массой сухого обезжиренного молока. Результаты показали, что поросята, получавшие комбикорм с обработанным зерном, съели комбикорма больше по сравнению с контролем на 4,31 и 8,15 соответственно. Использование микронизированного зернового сырья, в том числе ячменя, в составе рассыпных комбикормов позволило повысить среднесуточный прирост живой массы поросят на 14,3 по сравнению со скармливанием комбикорма с нативным ячменём.

To increase piglet liveweight gain nutritional values of fodder mixture components were analyzed. Mash starter feed was developed with high content of essential amino acids using optimization software KormOptima. The aim was to develop recipes of mash feedstuff for piglets. The preparation process included grain micronization (barley, wheat, maize etc.) modifying physical, chemical, structural and sanitary properties of a final product. Each experimental group included nine female pigs. Groups I and III had 104 piglets, group II 102. Observation of fodder amount consumed was performed daily. Each piglet was checked and weighed individually. Piglets of group I (control) consumed starter feed (SF) with raw hulled barley, group II SF with micronized hulled barley, and group III SF, micronized hulled barley and skimmed milk powder reduced from 7 to 3. Piglets of groups II and III consumed 4.31 and 8.15 more feed, respectively. Combination of mash feed with micronized grain increased piglet average daily weight gain by 14.3.