bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Symmetric dimethylarginine is a stronger predictor of mortality risk than asymmetric dimethylarginine among older people with kidney disease
Authors: Patel Liyona , Kilbride Hannah S , Stevens Paul E , Eaglestone Gillian , Knight Sarah , L Carter Joanne , Delaney Michael P , Farmer Christopher KT , Dalton Neil , Lamb Edmund J
Published: December 2018

Background

Circulating asymmetric dimethylarginine and symmetric dimethylarginine are increased in patients with kidney disease. Symmetric dimethylarginine is considered a good marker of glomerular filtration rate, while asymmetric dimethylarginine is a marker of cardiovascular risk. However, a link between symmetric dimethylarginine and all-cause mortality has been reported. In the present study, we evaluated both dimethylarginines as risk and glomerular filtration rate markers in a cohort of elderly white individuals, both with and without chronic kidney disease.

Methods

Glomerular filtration rate was measured in 394 individuals aged >74 years using an iohexol clearance method. Plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine, symmetric dimethylarginine and iohexol were measured simultaneously using isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry.

Results

Plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine concentrations were increased ( P < 0.01) in people with glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 compared with those with glomerular filtration rate ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2, but did not differ ( P > 0.05) between those with glomerular filtration rate 30–59 mL/min/1.73 m2 and <30 mL/min/1.73 m2. Plasma symmetric dimethylarginine increased consistently across declining glomerular filtration rate categories ( P < 0.0001). Glomerular filtration rate had an independent effect on plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine concentration, while glomerular filtration rate, gender, body mass index and haemoglobin had independent effects on plasma symmetric dimethylarginine concentration. Participants were followed up for a median of 33 months. There were 65 deaths. High plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine ( P = 0.0412) and symmetric dimethylarginine ( P < 0.0001) concentrations were independently associated with reduced survival.

Conclusions

Among elderly white individuals with a range of kidney function, symmetric dimethylarginine was a better marker of glomerular filtration rate and a stronger predictor of outcome than asymmetric dimethylarginine. Future studies should further evaluate the role of symmetric dimethylarginine as a marker of outcome and assess its potential value as a marker of glomerular filtration rate.
Occupational therapy in the Fourth Industrial Revolution
Authors: Liu Lili
Published: December 2018

Background.

While occupational therapy’s inception was from the Arts and Crafts movement and the moral treatment movement with war veterans, the profession has evolved to requiring a professional entry-level master’s degree to practice, and involves complex relationships with clients across the life span. Throughout history, a consistent impact of each industrial revolution has been the loss of jobs to automation. This consequence is even more profound today with the exponential growth of innovations and automation.

Purpose.

The objectives of this article are to (a) set the context by reviewing the evolution, or five eras, of occupational therapy in Canada; (b) present what is meant by the “Fourth Industrial Revolution”; and (c) examine the technological innovations faced by occupational therapists and our clients as we enter the “sixth” era of occupational therapy in Canada.

Key Issues.

Although occupational therapy, as a profession, has low risk for automation, a great number of our clients will not be able to reskill fast enough to keep up with job market requirements. Telerehabilitation, the Internet of Things, virtual reality, 3-D printing, robotics, artificial intelligence, and autonomous vehicles are challenging ways occupational therapists provide services to clients.

Implications.

It is recommended that occupational therapists engage with disciplines beyond current typical connections, as our expertise is called upon to advocate for ourselves and our clients who are end users of these technologies.
A Systems Framework for Understanding the Environment’s Relation to Clinical Teamwork: A Systematic Literature Review of Empirical Studies
Authors: Peavey Erin , Cai Hui
Published: December 2018

Clinician teamwork is effective at improving many health care outcomes, and the physical environment is an important part of a system that facilitates teamwork. This review critically evaluates and synthesizes the empirical evidence on the impacts of the physical environment and surrounding ecosystem on clinician teamwork in health care facilities using a systems-based lens. The systematic search yielded 2,323 titles and abstracts between 2007 and 2017, which were reviewed and resulted in 34 articles examining physical environment’s impact on clinician teamwork. The Systems Engineering for Patient Safety (SEIPS) framework is utilized to thematically structure findings to examine the interdependent nature of built and nonbuilt factors that have a documented impact on clinician teamwork. This study found consistent evidence of the interdependence of these systems factors in facilitating or hampering teamwork, as defined by Salas and colleagues’ “Big Five.” The review identifies current gaps in the literature and suggests where future research is needed.
Heat transfer simulation of the cure of thermoplastic particle interleaf carbon fibre epoxy prepregs
Authors: Mesogitis Tassos , Kratz James , Skordos Alex A
Published: December 2018

Thermochemical properties are needed to develop process models and define suitable cure cycles to convert thermosetting polymers into rigid glassy materials. Uncertainty surrounding the suitability of thermal analysis techniques and semi-empirical models developed for conventional composite materials has been raised for the new class of particle interleaf materials. This paper describes kinetics, conductivity, heat capacity and glass transition temperature measurements of HexPly® M21 particle interleaf material. Thermal models describing conventional, non-particle epoxy systems were fit to the data and validated through a thick-section cure. Results from curing experiments agree with heat transfer simulation predictions, indicating that established thermal analysis techniques and models can describe polymerisation and evolving material properties during processing of a material representing the class of interleaf toughened systems. A sensitivity study showed time savings up to about 20%, and associated energy-efficiency-productivity benefits can be achieved by using cure simulation for particle interleaf materials.
Teamwork and Motivation to Leave the Teaching Profession: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Amorim Neto Roque do Carmo , Bursey Amanda , Janowiak Drew , Mccarty Cassandra , Demeter Bart
Published: December 2018

This study has two goals: (a) to assess the contributions of teamwork and demographics to teachers’ motivation to leave the profession and (b) to identify the actions teachers believe they and their principals should take to foster teamwork. A sample of 322 U.S. public school teachers participated. Grade level was found to predict teachers’ motivation to quit. The roles of principals and teachers in fostering teamwork were also discussed.
Music Education Meets Critical Literacy: A Framework for Guiding Music Listening
Authors: Beach Pamela , Bolden Benjamin
Published: December 2018

This article presents an approach to music listening that creates spaces for critical literacy, inviting music educators to consider critical literacy practices when listening and responding to music. We begin with a discussion of critical literacy pedagogy in the context of music education followed by a sample flexible lesson plan that uses critical literacy as a framework to guide a music-listening experience. We then outline research-based critical literacy strategies used to frame the design of the learning experience. Through critical literacy listening, students can learn to recognize explicit and implicit messages presented in musical selections and construct new understandings that allow them to enter into a dialogue with the musical text.
Music Education to Train Hearing Abilities in Children with Cochlear Implants
Authors: Reifinger James L.
Published: December 2018

Music education is being explored by researchers as a means of improving hearing acuity for children with hearing loss, particularly those with cochlear implants. Music educators are uniquely positioned to contribute to this important endeavor. This article describes normal and impaired hearing and how music perception is affected for students with cochlear implants. Current research is discussed, and guidance is provided for planning and leading music activities for students with cochlear implants.
Development of curriculum-based measurements in mathematical computations for Arab-speaking fourth grade students
Authors: Al-Shehhi Safiya Abdullah , Emam Mahmoud Mohamed , Al-Otaiba Stephanie , Ibrahim Mahmoud Mohamed , Al-Mehrizi Rashid
Published: December 2018

In the Arab region, several assessments are available to evaluate student skills in mathematical computations. However, none of them uses formative evaluation to guide universal screening of struggling learners or students with learning disability (LD). The current study aimed to develop mathematical computation curriculum-based measurement (MC-CBM) for Arab speaking fourth grade students, examine its psychometric properties, test its adequacy for use in an Arab context, namely Oman, determine an adequate time for its administration, and develop performance benchmarks. MC-CBM were administered to 528 fourth grade students. Results indicated that the developed measures were adequate for use in the Arab context. Received operation characteristic (ROC) curve indicated good specificity and sensitivity estimates for the MC-CBM. Performance benchmarks were obtained using the 25th and 75th percentiles. Implications are discussed from a contextual perspective.
Optimal injection rate of water in the Guide Basin hot dry rock mining project
Authors: Yan Xiaoxue , Liu Yanguang , Wang Guiling , Lu Yaoru
Published: December 2018

The energy reserves of hot dry rock resources are huge, thus a model to predict engineering production for efficient and stable development and utilization is sought. Based on the geological characteristics of dry rock resources in Guide Basin, Qinghai Province, China, the fully coupled wellbore–reservoir simulator—T2Well—is used to model a production system using water as a heat transfer medium and simulate the system’s operation to analyze the influence of different injection rates on heat extraction. In later production stages, output temperature and reservoir pressure decrease by 10–30°C and 0.5–30 MPa, depending on injection rate; this occurs earlier and to a greater extent at higher injection rates; thermal breakthrough also occurs earlier (7–10 years). The heat extraction rate is 1–20 MW and the cumulative heat extracted is 2.1–24.2 × 105 J. Lower injection rates result in relatively low heat extraction rates. For maximum economic benefit, an injection rate of 50–75 kg/s is ideal.
Effective Strategies for Preschool Peer Group Entry: Considered Applications for Children with Visual Impairments
Authors: Ely Mindy S.
Published: December 2018

Preschool children with visual impairments (that is, those who are blind or have low vision) have difficulty entering into social play, yet educators lack evidence-based strategies for remediating this social deficit. This literary review identifies strategies from typical children, including entry bids, communication skills, and environmental supports. Application and future research implications are suggested related to children with visual impairments.
A Review of Intervention Studies Conducted with Individuals with Autism and Sensory Impairments
Authors: Banda Devender R. , Griffin-Shirley Nora , Okungu Phoebe A. , Ogot Orpa P. , Meeks Melanie K.
Published: December 2018

Introduction

Recently, there has been heightened interest in individuals with autism and sensory impairments, and interventions that affect this population. To date, no reviews have analyzed intervention studies, and the present study adds to intervention research literature.

Methods

Based on an electronic search, eight studies were included in the review.

Results

The results indicated that four of the studies focused on communication skills, while the other four targeted problem behaviors. All participants made progress in communication and showed improvements in their behaviors.

Discussion

Although positive results were seen in all participants, the studies suffer from methodological limitations. Thus, future research is needed to replicate studies as well as provide maintenance and generalization data.

Implications for practitioners

Some suggestions are to include preference assessments prior to the development of intervention studies to create a modified picture exchange communication system with tangible objects or symbols.
Low Vision Services in the Asia-Pacific Region: Models of Low Vision Service Delivery and Barriers to Access
Authors: Lim Yong Ern , Vukicevic Meri , Koklanis Konstandina , Boyle Jessica
Published: December 2018

The aim of this discussion paper is to provide a general overview of the different models of low vision service provision in the Asia-Pacific region. In addition, the significant global barriers hindering patient access to low vision services will be highlighted.
The Research Priorities of People with Visual Impairments in the Netherlands
Authors: Schölvinck Anne-Floor M. , Pittens Carina A. C. M. , Broerse Jacqueline E. W.
Published: December 2018

Introduction

Despite the relatively high prevalence and challenges of visual impairments, limited funding is available for ophthalmologic research in the Netherlands. The research needs of people with visual impairments could aid the ophthalmological research community to optimally distribute research resources. The objective of the study presented here was to identify daily life problems, concerns, and wishes for future research from people with ophthalmological disorders, visual impairments, or deafblindness in order to set a research agenda that provides directions for future ophthalmology research.

Methods

A four-phase participatory research approach was carried out using mixed methods to stimulate needs-articulation. Eight focus group discussions, seven feedback meetings, and seven interviews were organized, in which 89 consumers were consulted. Surveys to prioritize the topics were developed for both the medical and sociopsychological topics, which were completed by 784 and 631 respondents, respectively.

Results

For the medical research agenda, research directly aimed at the cause of the ophthalmological disorders was considered more important than research aimed at improving quality of life. The themes “new and regenerative medicine,” “cause and disease mechanism,” “prevention and diagnosis,” and “improvement of current treatments” were prioritized as high. For the sociopsychological agenda, needs concerning the “improvement of technologies for people with visual impairments” and “navigation, orientation, and accessibility of public space” were considered top priorities.

Discussion

The identified research needs were relatively uniform across different consumer groups, providing opportunities for joint action. The research agenda included themes that can be taken up by “traditional” ophthalmological research, more broadly defined health care–related research, and more policy-influencing strategies.

Implications for practitioners

The research needs could help researchers and policymakers in ophthalmology and visual impairment research to guide their research focus and legislation priorities.
Stress Associated with Transportation: A Survey of Persons with Visual Impairments
Authors: Crudden Adele , Cmar Jennifer L. , McDonnall Michele C.
Published: December 2018

Introduction

This study evaluated transportation-related stress and factors predicting stress among persons with visual impairments.

Methods

Participants with visual impairments completed electronic surveys rating their stress levels experienced when completing various walking and public transportation tasks. They also indicated activities they avoided due to transportation stress.

Results

Higher stress was reported for navigating unfamiliar bus routes, walking in urban areas without sidewalks, and walking in unfamiliar places. Significant predictors of walking stress were age, years since vision loss, dog guide use, physical limitations, and frequency of public transportation use. Significant predictors of public transportation stress were age, orientation and mobility (O&M) training, physical limitations, and frequency of public transportation use. Most-avoided activities due to transportation-related stress were entertainment or leisure activities and visiting family and friends.

Discussion

Unfamiliar situations and unpredictable environments were associated with higher stress. Frequent public transportation use and longer time since vision loss predicted lower stress, which indicates that increased and varied experiences may affect transportation-related stress. Older persons and persons with physical limitations had more transportation-related stress. Social activities, which are important in managing stress, were most frequently avoided due to transportation stress.

Implications for practitioners

O&M instructors should keep in mind that providing varied experiences and longer training is indicated for persons with high stress, particularly for older persons, and those with recent vision loss or physical limitations. Everyone involved in the rehabilitation process should remember that building relationships with consumers, encouraging public transportation use, participating in support groups, and overcoming travel barriers for social activities may help reduce transportation stress.
Sinking Strangers: Media Representations of Climate Refugees on the BBC and Al Jazeera
Authors: Høeg Elida , Tulloch Christopher D.
Published: December 2018

This study seeks to investigate the media representations of climate refugees in two global media outlets: The BBC and Al Jazeera. An exhaustive sample of the online coverage from 2000 until 2017 has been gathered and examined through a content analysis guided by framing theory and multimodal critical discourse analysis. After reviewing the 29 news stories, this article finds that climate refugees are framed in four ways: as victims, security threats, activists, and abstractions. In both media outlets, climate refugees are aggregated, collectivized, and made generic—and their situation is deagentialized. The study concludes that the BBC mainly talks about climate refugees instead of talking to them and that this has an impact on the climate refugees’ depicted agency. Al Jazeera quotes more climate refugees in their journalistic coverage, and this allows the reader to understand and empathize. However, both media outlets tend to represent climate refugees as “third world others”: as sinking strangers.
Air services at risk: The threat of a hard Brexit at the airport level
Authors: Dobruszkes Frédéric
Published: December 2018

The potential impacts of Brexit on transportation have been discussed to some extent, mostly considering the economic shock as a main factor that would affect the volume of passenger and cargo flows. However, one should also consider the expected impact in terms of regulatory regimes. This specifically concerns aviation, traditionally a tightly regulated market that was extensively liberalised by the European Union. In this note, the worst scenario is tested. Namely, UK airlines would not operate services between or within third countries anymore, and non-UK airlines could only link the UK to their home country. This leads to the concept of ‘vulnerable’ air services, which are mapped at the airport level. The likely consequence is that a myriad of regional airports would be affected, especially in Poland, but also in various tourist areas. In addition, several larger airports and the secondary airports of large cities would be significantly affected, especially London Stansted.
Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate Does Not Improve Osseous Integration of Osteochondral Allografts for the Treatment of Chondral Defects in the Knee at 6 and 12 Months: A Comparative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Analysis
Authors: Wang Dean , Lin Kenneth M. , Burge Alissa J. , Balazs George C. , Williams Riley J.
Published: December 2018

Background:

Poor osseous integration after fresh osteochondral allograft transplantation (OCA) may be associated with graft subsidence and subchondral bone collapse after implantation. The augmentation of OCA with bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) has been hypothesized to improve osseous incorporation of the implanted allograft.

Purpose:

To evaluate the effect of autogenous BMAC treatment on osseous integration at the graft-host bony interface after OCA.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A retrospective review of patients treated with OCA+BMAC or OCA alone for full-thickness chondral defects of the distal femur from March 2015 to December 2016 was conducted. Seventeen knees treated with OCA+BMAC and 16 knees treated with OCA alone underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the early postoperative phase (mean, 6 months). Eighteen knees treated with OCA+BMAC and 16 knees treated with OCA alone underwent MRI in the late postoperative phase (mean, 12 months). Bone, cartilage, and ancillary features on MRI were graded using the Osteochondral Allograft MRI Scoring System (OCAMRISS) by a musculoskeletal radiologist blinded to the patient’s history and treatment.

Results:

There were no significant differences in the demographics or lesion characteristics between treatment groups in either postoperative phase. In the early postoperative phase, the mean OCAMRISS bone score was 3.0 ± 0.7 and 3.3 ± 0.7 for the OCA+BMAC group and OCA alone group, respectively ( P = .76); 71% (OCA+BMAC) and 81% (OCA alone) of MRI scans demonstrated discernible clefts at the graft-host junction ( P = .69), and 41% (OCA+BMAC) and 25% (OCA alone) of MRI scans demonstrated cystic changes at the graft and graft-host junction ( P = .46). In the late postoperative phase, the mean OCAMRISS bone score was 2.7 ± 0.8 and 2.9 ± 0.8 for the OCA+BMAC group and OCA alone group, respectively ( P = .97); 44% (OCA+BMAC) and 63% (OCA alone) of MRI scans demonstrated discernible clefts at the graft-host junction ( P = .33), and 50% (OCA+BMAC) and 31% (OCA alone) of MRI scans demonstrated the presence of cystic changes at the graft and graft-host junction ( P = .32). The mean OCAMRISS cartilage, ancillary, and total scores were not significantly different between groups in either postoperative phase.

Conclusion:

OCA augmented with BMAC was not associated with improved osseous integration; decreased cystic changes; or other bone, cartilage, and ancillary feature changes compared with OCA alone.
Platelet-Rich Plasma Versus Hyaluronic Acid Injections for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: Results at 5 Years of a Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Di Martino Alessandro , Di Matteo Berardo , Papio Tiziana , Tentoni Francesco , Selleri Filippo , Cenacchi Annarita , Kon Elizaveta , Filardo Giuseppe
Published: December 2018

Background:

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections have been proposed as a new conservative option for knee degeneration to provide symptomatic relief and delay surgical intervention. Although the current literature provides some evidence on the benefits of this technique compared with viscosupplementation, no studies have been performed to compare their long-term effects.

Purpose:

To compare the long-term clinical outcomes provided by intra-articular injections of either PRP or hyaluronic acid (HA) to treat knee degenerative disease.

Study Design:

Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1.

Methods:

Patients with a history of chronic symptomatic knee degenerative changes and osteoarthritis (Kellgren-Lawrence grade 0-3) were enrolled: 192 patients were randomized to undergo 3 blinded weekly intra-articular injections of either PRP or HA. Patients were prospectively evaluated before the injection and then at 2, 6, 12, and 24 months and a mean of 64.3 months (SD, 7.8 months) of follow-up. Evaluation was based on International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective (main outcome), EuroQol visual analog scale, and Tegner scores; 167 patients reached the final evaluation.

Results:

Both treatments were effective in improving knee functional status and symptoms over time: Mean ± SD IKDC subjective score improved significantly for both PRP and HA groups ( P < .0005) and remained stable over time up to 24 months (from 53.3 ± 14.3 to 67.3 ± 18.1 and from 50.3 ± 13.2 to 62.1 ± 20.8 for PRP and HA groups, respectively). At final evaluation, a significant IKDC reduction was observed in both treatment groups, with the PRP group still presenting significantly higher values compared with baseline: PRP 60.5 ± 19.0 ( P < .001 vs baseline), HA 55.7 ± 18.8 (not significant vs baseline). A comparative analysis showed no significant intergroup difference in any of the clinical scores at any follow-up point. The median duration of patient subjective perception of symptomatic relief was 9 months for HA and 12 months for PRP (not significant). The only significant difference was observed in the rate of reintervention at 24 months, which was significantly lower in the PRP group (22.6% vs 37.1%, P = .036).

Conclusion:

Both treatments were effective in improving knee functional status and symptoms over time. PRP did not provide an overall superior clinical improvement compared with HA in terms of either symptomatic-functional improvement at different follow-up points or effect duration.

Registration:

NCT01670578 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).
Response of the Injured Tendon to Growth Factors in the Presence or Absence of the Paratenon
Authors: Müller Sebastian A. , Quirk Nicholas P. , Müller-Lebschi Julia A. , Heisterbach Patricia E. , Dürselen Lutz , Majewski Martin , Evans Christopher H.
Published: December 2018

Background:

The paratenon is important for Achilles tendon healing. There is much interest in the use of exogenous growth factors (GFs) as potential agents for accelerating the healing of damaged Achilles tendons.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The present study used a rat model to study the responses of the injured Achilles tendon to GFs in the presence or absence of the paratenon. The hypothesis was that responses of the injured tendon to GFs would be lower in the absence of a paratenon.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

A 4-mm defect was created in the right Achilles tendon of 60 skeletally mature rats, which were treated with a validated combination of GFs (bFGF, BMP-12, and TGF-β1). Animals were randomly assigned to the intact paratenon (IP) group or resected paratenon (RP) group. Healing was studied anatomically, mechanically, and histologically after 1, 2, and 4 weeks.

Results:

IP tendons showed improved healing compared with RP tendons. IP tendons were significantly stronger (32.2 N and 48.9 N, respectively) than RP tendons (20.1 N and 31.1 N, respectively) after 1 and 2 weeks. IP tendons did not elongate as much as RP tendons and had greater cross-sectional areas (18.0 mm2, 14.4 mm2, and 16.4 mm2, respectively) after 1, 2, and 4 weeks compared with RP tendons (10.5 mm2, 8.4 mm2, and 11.9 mm2, respectively). On histology, earlier collagen deposition and parallel orientation of fibrils were found for IP tendons.

Conclusion:

The paratenon is essential for efficient Achilles tendon healing. Healing with GFs in this Achilles tendon defect model was superior in the presence of the paratenon.

Clinical Relevance:

Biological approaches to tendon engineering using GFs are in vogue and have been shown to improve healing of the rat Achilles tendon, most likely by inducing progenitor cells located within the paratenon. Clinically, resection or incision of the paratenon has been proposed for wound closure. Our data demonstrate the fundamental importance of the paratenon, which therefore should be preserved during Achilles tendon repair, especially if augmented with products such as platelet-rich plasma or autologous conditioned serum that are rich in GFs.
Hamstring Injuries in Major League Baseball Pitchers: Implications in Graft Selection for Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Howard Daniel R. , Banffy Michael B. , ElAttrache Neal S.
Published: December 2018

Background:

Hamstring tendons are commonly harvested as autograft for ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction. There is no consensus in the literature whether the hamstring tendon should be harvested from the ipsilateral (drive) leg or contralateral (landing) leg of baseball pitchers undergoing ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction. Hamstring injuries commonly occur in baseball players, but there are no reports on their incidence specifically among Major League Baseball (MLB) pitchers, nor are there reports on whether they occur more commonly in the drive leg or the landing leg.

Hypothesis:

Hamstring injuries occur more commonly in the landing legs of MLB pitchers.

Study Design:

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Methods:

MLB pitchers who sustained hamstring injuries requiring time spent on the disabled list were identified from publicly available sources over 10 seasons. Demographics of the pitchers and injury and return-to-sport data were collected. Hamstring injuries to the drive leg were compared with injuries to the landing leg.

Results:

Sixty-five pitchers had 78 disabled list stints due to hamstring injuries over 10 seasons. The landing leg was injured in 67.9% of cases, and the most common mechanism of injury was pitching. There were no significant differences in demographics between pitchers who sustained drive leg and landing leg injuries. There was no significant difference in mechanism of injury or time to return to sport between pitchers who sustained drive leg and landing leg injuries.

Conclusion:

The landing leg is more commonly injured than the drive leg among MLB pitchers who sustain hamstring injuries. There is no difference in time to return to sport between pitchers who sustain drive leg and landing leg injuries. More research is required to determine whether there is a difference in performance or future injury between hamstring tendons harvested from the drive leg and the landing leg for ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction among pitchers.
Living with Zygmunt Bauman, before and after
Authors: Kania Aleksandra
Published: December 2018

This paper offers a memoir of living with Zygmunt Bauman. It begins with the early encounter of Bauman and Aleksandra Kania in Warsaw in 1954, where both were Masters students working with the humanist Marxist Adam Schaff. Kania and Bauman followed their separate life paths for decades, though they were both postwar communists and reconstructionists. Much later, the loss of their partners led to union, in Leeds and across the globe in travel. This is a story of friendship and mutual enthusiasms, then intimacy between two working sociologists. There are also some apparent differences, as between the Lark and the Owl, or between Phosphorous and Hesperus. Life together leads especially to Italy, and to Pope Francis. This is a reflection on what Bauman called the art of life.
Raising Spanish Children With an Antisocial Tendency: Do We Know What the Optimal Parenting Style Is?
Authors: Garcia Oscar F. , Lopez-Fernandez Olatz , Serra Emilia
Published: December 2018

Families can play an essential role in preventing violent and antisocial behaviors, which are considered a significant public health issue. However, some studies argue that most children are antisocial only during adolescence, and even teenagers can mimic antisocial behavior in ways that are normative and well-adjusted. This study analyzed patterns of competence and adjustment in young adults with and without an antisocial tendency during adolescence from authoritative (characterized by warmth and strictness), authoritarian (strictness but not warmth), indulgent (warmth but not strictness), and neglectful (neither warmth nor strictness) families. Emergent research has indicated that in a European context, the indulgent parenting style is optimal. Offspring’s competence and adjustment were captured through self-esteem (academic and family), psychosocial development (self-competence and empathy), and low emotional maladjustment (nervousness and hostility). Participants consisted of a community sample of 489 Spanish young adults, 191 men (39.1%) and 298 women (60.9%), aged 18 to 34 years old. The design was a 4 × 2 × 2 × 2 MANOVA (parenting style × antisocial tendency × sex × age). Analysis of main effects showed that youths with an antisocial tendency have less self-esteem and psychosocial development, but more emotional maladjustment. Regardless of the parenting style, an antisocial tendency during adolescence is consistently associated with worse adjustment in young adults. Both the authoritative and indulgent parenting styles are consistently associated with better outcomes (higher self-esteem and psychosocial development, and lower emotional maladjustment) than the authoritarian and neglectful parenting styles. However, there are interactions between the parenting style and the antisocial tendency. For young adults without an antisocial tendency, only indulgent parenting is associated with less emotional maladjustment. These results support the idea that in Europe the indulgent parenting style performs better than the authoritative style, but only when raising adolescents without an antisocial tendency. For young adults with an antisocial tendency, indulgent and authoritative parenting are equally optimal for all the studied outcomes.
The impact of hyperthermia after acute carbon monoxide poisoning on neurological sequelae
Authors: Moon JM , Chun BJ , Lee SD , Shin MH
Published: December 2018

This study investigated whether hyperthermia within the first 24 h after presentation was associated with long-term neurological outcomes after acute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. This retrospective study included 200 patients with acute severe CO poisoning. Hyperthermia (≥ 37.5°C) developed during the first 24 h after presentation in 55 (27.5%) patients, and poor long-term neurological sequelae assessed at 23 months after acute CO poisoning developed in 19.5% of the patients. The incidence of poor long-term neurological outcomes was significantly higher in the hyperthermia group than in the normothermia group. Patients with poor long-term neurological outcomes had higher maximum temperatures than patients with good outcomes. No significant difference was found in the time of hyperthermia onset within the first day according to the neurological outcomes. Hyperthermia (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 5.009 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.556–16.126)) and maximum temperature (aOR 2.581 (95% CI 1.098–6.063)) within the first 24 h after presentation to the emergency department were independently associated with poor long-term neurological outcomes. Body temperature measurements, which are easily and noninvasively recorded at the bedside in any facility, help to predict the risk for poor long-term neurological outcomes. This study carefully emphasizes fastidious control of pyrexia, particularly during the early period after acute CO poisoning.
The importance of understanding the victims’ ‘reality’ of domestic violence
Authors: Easteal Patricia , Bartels Lorana , Mittal Reeva
Published: December 2018

We argue that unconscious assumptions may filter out the diverse ‘realities’ of domestic violence victims. Despite legal and policy reform, it seems that these biases may continue to affect how relevant legislation is applied and interpreted. We examine a small sample of sentencing remarks in recent Queensland domestic violence order breach cases to illustrate the importance of judicial officers’ awareness of the seriousness and harm of psychological or mental abuses – the victims’ ‘reality’ of domestic violence. We conclude that sentencing for domestic violence offences and breaches of protection orders needs to be underpinned by knowledge of the long-term effects of emotional abuse.
Population Health and Social Governance: A Review, an Update, Some Clarifications, and a Response
Authors: O’Byrne Patrick
Published: December 2018

Critical theory is a paradigm that promotes viewpoints that are alternative and, at times, contrary to mainstream beliefs and dictates. In 2012, I adopted this perspective to review the role of ethnography and surmised that the data which arise from this research approach, which I described as an in-depth study of cultures, can be used to discipline and control these groups. In this edition of Qualitative Health Research, another author has critiqued this position. In this article, I review this critique, reiterate my position, update the data I used for my 2012 article, and highlight how I navigate what I feel is a tension between critical theory and practice.
Suicide Prevention From the Perspectives of Gay, Bisexual, and Two-Spirit Men
Authors: Ferlatte Olivier , Oliffe John L. , Louie Dennis R. , Ridge Damien , Broom Alex , Salway Travis
Published: December 2018

Although gay, bisexual, and two-spirit men (GBTSM) experience high rates of suicidality, there have been few empirical studies of prevention initiatives and policies that could address or reverse this major social problem. This article reports on a photovoice study of 29 GBTSM who had a history of suicidality or lost a fellow GBTSM to suicide. We focused our analysis on participants’ perspectives on suicide prevention. Participants described four key considerations for GBTSM suicide prevention: (a) recognizing and addressing enduring homophobia, biphobia, and mental illness stigma; (b) provision of low-barrier, long-term, and GBTSM-affirming counseling; (c) de-isolation through peer support and community connection; and (d) fostering creativity and cultural resilience. By engaging GBTSM affected by suicide through photographs that depict their experiences and points of view, in this study, we offer concrete recommendations to reduce suicidality among GBTSM.
Using PhotoVoice to Understand Health Determinants of Formerly Homeless Individuals Living in Permanent Housing in Detroit
Authors: Cheezum Rebecca R. , Rosso Matthew T. , Niewolak Nick , Cobb Tia
Published: December 2018

Housing First is an evidence-based approach to addressing chronic homelessness that provides permanent, low-barrier housing. Previous literature on the health of tenants of Housing First programs has primarily focused on mental health, substance use, and health care. Using the social-ecological model, we conducted a community-based participatory research (CBPR) PhotoVoice study to better understand what Housing First residents in Detroit identify as factors that impact their health. Seventeen participants were provided cameras and photography training and asked to take photos on the theme “What impacts your health and wellness?” Group sessions were held to discuss photos. Results were organized into four themes: (a) loss of jobs hurts people and communities; (b) blight, more than just abandoned buildings; (c) being pushed out by development; and (d) experiencing the “battlefield” versus feeling peaceful. The social-ecological model was used to indicate potential interventions indicated by study findings.
Tobacco Cessation Among Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients in Kerala, India: Patient and Provider Perspectives
Authors: Bhaumik Smitha S. , Placek Caitlyn , Kochumoni R. , Lekha T. R. , Prabhakaran Dorairaj , Hitsman Brian , Huffman Mark D. , Harikrishnan Sivadasanpillai , Goenka Shifalika
Published: December 2018

Tobacco cessation is an important intervention to reduce mortality from ischemic heart disease, the leading cause of death in India. In this study, we explored facilitators, barriers, and cultural context to tobacco cessation among acute coronary syndrome (ACS, or heart attack) patients and providers in a tertiary care institution in the south Indian state of Kerala, with a focus on patient trajectories. Patients who quit tobacco after ACS expressed greater understanding about the link between tobacco and ACS, exerted more willpower at the time of discharge, and held less fatalistic beliefs about their health compared to those who continued tobacco use. The former were motivated by the fear of recurrent ACS, strong advice to quit from providers, and determination to survive and financially provide for their families. Systemic barriers included inadequate training, infrequent prescription of cessation pharmacotherapy, lack of ancillary staff to deliver counseling, and stigma against mental health services.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Sleep Position: Does It Matter for Infants With a Cleft Palate?
Authors: Greenlee Christopher J. , Scholes Melissa A. , Gao Dexiang , Friedman Norman R.
Published: December 2018

Objective:

To determine whether nonsupine sleep improves obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in infants with cleft palate undergoing polysomnography (PSG).

Design:

Retrospective chart review.

Setting:

Tertiary care pediatric hospital.

Patients:

Twenty-seven infants (1 month to 1 year) with cleft palate with or without cleft lip (CP ± L) undergoing PSG testing for suspected OSA were included.

Main Outcome Measures:

Polysomnography measures included obstructive apnea–hypopnea index (OAHI), central apnea–hypopnea index (CAHI), oxygen saturation (SpO2) nadir, SpO2, and end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2).

Results:

Twenty-three PSGs with at least 20 minutes of sleep in both the supine and the nonsupine positions were analyzed. The supine OAHI (mean: 16.8 events/hour; standard deviation [SD]: 18.5) and nonsupine OAHI (mean: 12.6 events/hour; SD: 12.6) did not differ significantly ( P = .10). The supine CAHI (mean: 1.9 events/hour; SD: 2.7) and nonsupine CAHI (mean: 3.1 events/hour; SD: 3.7; P = .15), the supine SpO2nadir (mean: 81.2%; SD: 6.3) and nonsupine SpO2nadir (mean: 81.8%; SD: 5.3; P = .70), the supine mean SpO2(mean: 95.5%; SD: 1.9) and nonsupine mean SpO2saturation (mean: 95.3%; SD: 2.4; P = .34), and the supine ETCO2(mean: 45.4 mm Hg; SD: 5.3) and nonsupine ETCO2(mean: 42.5 mm Hg; SD: 10.1; P = .24) were also similar.

Conclusions:

There were no significant improvements in OSA metrics during nonsupine sleep in infants with CP ± L. Prior to recommending nonsupine positioning which increases infant’s exposure to sudden infant death syndrome risk, we advocate obtaining a PSG to verify an objective improvement in OSA.
Bully Victimization Among Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Longitudinal Examination of Behavioral Phenotypes
Authors: Winters Rebecca R. , Blake Jamilia J. , Chen Siqi
Published: December 2018

Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are at a higher risk of experiencing bully victimization compared with peers with and without disabilities. Yet the association between ADHD subtypes and bully victimization is not well understood. The current study examines which set of behaviors related to ADHD subtypes is influential in determining whether students are victimized. Using a latent class growth analysis, students with ADHD in a nationally representative special education sample ( n = 291) were grouped by victimization trajectory. Latent class analysis revealed three victimization profiles. Approximately one third of participants (35%) experienced moderately high victimization decreasing over time. A slightly larger group reported consistently low victimization (39%), and one fourth (25%) reported consistently high victimization. Behaviors representing inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity were examined as covariates in the model. Hyperactive/impulsive behaviors were predictive of latent class assignment, initial victimization, and the trajectory of victimization. Study limitations are discussed. Recommendations are made to inform the creation of interventions tailored for students who have ADHD.
Inequitable Structures: Class and Caste in Indian Higher Education
Authors: Tierney William G. , Sabharwal Nidhi S. , Malish C. M.
Published: December 2018

In India, university students from scheduled castes (SCs) face a number of challenges that not only prevent them from graduating but also prevent them from being strong performers in universities and upon graduation. Utilizing the framework of social capital, this article draws upon life histories, secondary interviews, and document analysis to understand the lived realities of four male Indian adolescents from different SCs who are in their third year of university studies. Although the findings support the notion that overt acts of discrimination based on a student’s caste are negligible, lower caste students have limited access to the networks that create social capital. Moreover, institutional efforts to develop or enhance student social capital are minimal. For these reasons, the article concludes that systemic reform is necessary to help students from disadvantaged backgrounds overcome less obvious forms of discrimination, so that they might succeed during college and after graduation.
Evaluation of Pseudomonas graminis CPA-7 as a biopreservation method for fresh-cut pear: Physicochemical, enzymatic, and nutritional quality
Authors: Zudaire Lorena , Viñas Inmaculada , Iglesias María Belén , Plaza Lucía , Abadias Maribel , Aguiló-Aguayo Ingrid
Published: December 2018

Biological preservation methods with bacterial antagonists have emerged as alternatives to chemical sanitizers for extending shelf-life and reducing the population of pathogenic microorganisms. In addition, calcium plays an important role in maintaining the quality of fruit, and postharvest calcium treatments might determine the potential of fruit for processing. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the postharvest application of calcium and biopreservation with the CPA-7 strain of Pseudomonas graminis on the quality parameters of fresh-cut pears. After harvest, whole pears were dipped in calcium chloride solution (1%, w/v) or water (control) for 10 min at 25 ℃ and stored for five months at temperatures ranging from 0 to −0.5 ℃. Both batches of fruit were minimally processed and dipped in a solution containing CPA-7 and an antioxidant solution or kept untreated, and both groups were stored at 4 ℃ for six days. The postharvest calcium treatment had no remarkable effect on the quality of the whole and fresh-cut pears. The enzymatic activities (PPO, PME and PG) related to browning and softening were constant in fresh-cut pears after storage, and the application of P. graminis CPA-7 had a positive effect on the activity of PPO. Finally, a combined effect of the biocontrol agent and calcium treatment was not demonstrated.