bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Survey of Toxin–Antitoxin Systems in Erwinia amylovora Reveals Insights into Diversity and Functional Specificity
Authors: Shidore Teja , Zeng Quan , Triplett Lindsay R.
Published: April 2019

Toxin–antitoxin (TA) systems are diverse genetic modules with demonstrated roles in plasmid stability, stress management, biofilm formation and antibiotic persistence. However, relatively little is known about their functional significance in plant pathogens. In this study we characterize type II and IV TA systems in the economically important plant pathogen Erwinia amylovora. Hidden Markov Model (HMM) and BLAST-based programs were used to predict the identity and distribution of putative TA systems among sequenced genomes of E. amylovora and other plant-associated Erwinia spp. Of six conserved TA systems tested for function from E. amylovora, three (CbtA/CbeA, ParE/RHH and Doc/PhD) were validated as functional. CbtA was toxic to E. amylovora, but not to Escherichia coli. While the E. coli homolog of CbtA elicits the formation of lemon-shaped cells upon overexpression and targets cytoskeletal proteins FtsZ and MreB, E. amylovora CbtA led to cell elongation and did not interact with these cytoskeletal proteins. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that E. amylovora CbtA belongs to a distinct clade from the CbtA of pathogenic E. coli. This study expands the repertoire of experimentally validated TA systems in plant pathogenic bacteria, and suggests that the E. amylovora homolog of CbtA is functionally distinct from that of E. coli.
Emerging Roles of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptors in the Altered Clearance of Drugs during Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Santana Machado Tacy , Cerini Claire , Burtey Stéphane
Published: April 2019

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem, since 300,000,000 people in the world display a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) below 60 mL/min/1.73m2. Patients with CKD have high rates of complications and comorbidities. Thus, they require the prescription of numerous medications, making the management of patients very complex. The prescription of numerous drugs associated with an altered renal- and non-renal clearance makes dose adjustment challenging in these patients, with frequent drug-related adverse events. However, the mechanisms involved in this abnormal drug clearance during CKD are not still well identified. We propose here that the transcription factor, aryl hydrocarbon receptor, which is the cellular receptor for indolic uremic toxins, could worsen the metabolism and the excretion of drugs in CKD patients.
Codon Usage Bias Analysis of Citrus tristeza virus: Higher Codon Adaptation to Citrus reticulata Host
Authors: Biswas Kajal Kumar , Palchoudhury Supratik , Chakraborty Prosenjit , Bhattacharyya Utpal K. , Ghosh Dilip K. , Debnath Palash , Ramadugu Chandrika , Keremane Manjunath L. , Khetarpal Ravi K. , Lee Richard F.
Published: April 2019

Citrus tristeza virus (CTV), a member of the aphid-transmitted closterovirus group, is the causal agent of the notorious tristeza disease in several citrus species worldwide. The codon usage patterns of viruses reflect the evolutionary changes for optimization of their survival and adaptation in their fitness to the external environment and the hosts. The codon usage adaptation of CTV to specific citrus hosts remains to be studied; thus, its role in CTV evolution is not clearly comprehended. Therefore, to better explain the host–virus interaction and evolutionary history of CTV, the codon usage patterns of the coat protein (CP) genes of 122 CTV isolates originating from three economically important citrus hosts (55 isolate from Citrus sinensis, 38 from C. reticulata, and 29 from C. aurantifolia) were studied using several codon usage indices and multivariate statistical methods. The present study shows that CTV displays low codon usage bias (CUB) and higher genomic stability. Neutrality plot and relative synonymous codon usage analyses revealed that the overall influence of natural selection was more profound than that of mutation pressure in shaping the CUB of CTV. The contribution of high-frequency codon analysis and codon adaptation index value show that CTV has host-specific codon usage patterns, resulting in higheradaptability of CTV isolates originating from C. reticulata (Cr-CTV), and low adaptability in the isolates originating from C. aurantifolia (Ca-CTV) and C. sinensis (Cs-CTV). The combination of codon analysis of CTV with citrus genealogy suggests that CTV evolved in C. reticulata or other Citrus progenitors. The outcome of the study enhances the understanding of the factors involved in viral adaptation, evolution, and fitness toward their hosts. This information will definitely help devise better management strategies of CTV.
FLIAT, An Object-Relational GIS Tool for Flood Impact Assessment in Flanders, Belgium
Authors: Van Ackere Samuel , Beullens Jochem , Vanneuville Wouter , De Wulf Alain , De Maeyer Philippe
Published: April 2019

Floods can cause damage to transportation and energy infrastructure, disrupt the delivery of services, and take a toll on public health, sometimes even causing significant loss of life. Although scientists widely stress the compelling need for resilience against extreme events under a changing climate, tools for dealing with expected hazards lag behind. Not only does the socio-economic, ecologic and cultural impact of floods need to be considered, but the potential disruption of a society with regard to priority adaptation guidelines, measures, and policy recommendations need to be considered as well. The main downfall of current impact assessment tools is the raster approach that cannot effectively handle multiple metadata of vital infrastructures, crucial buildings, and vulnerable land use (among other challenges). We have developed a powerful cross-platform flood impact assessment tool (FLIAT) that uses a vector approach linked to a relational database using open source program languages, which can perform parallel computation. As a result, FLIAT can manage multiple detailed datasets, whereby there is no loss of geometrical information. This paper describes the development of FLIAT and the performance of this tool.
Effecting Partial Elimination of Isocyanuric Acid from Swimming Pool Water Systems
Authors: Corral Bobadilla Marina , Vergara González Eliseo P. , Lostado Lorza Rubén , Somovilla Gómez Fátima
Published: April 2019

It is essential to disinfect the water in swimming pools in order to deactivate pathogenic microorganisms. Chlorination of swimming pool water provides rapid and long-lasting disinfection, but leads to the formation of potentially toxic compounds, including isocyanuric acid, that are used to stabilize chlorine in pool water. Hygiene and health guidelines require an isocyanuric acid concentration in swimming pools of 25 to 75 ppm and that there be no level in excess of 100 ppm. This paper provides a new method to partially remove isocyanuric acid from the water of swimming pool systems with the use of melamine-based reagents. A melamine-photometry process stabilizes the isocyanuric acid. The melamine-based reagent that is added to the raw water reacts with the isocyanuric acid and forms a precipitated salt. The reaction also creates turbidity that is proportional to the isocyanuric acid concentration in the water. It was noted in this study that the optimum functioning range of melamine doses in the raw water was 0.04 to 0.06 g/L and that the reduction of isocyanuric acid in raw water increased as the dose of melamine was increased. Thus, it is necessary to obtain an estimate of the dose of melamine that is necessary to reduce the isocyanuric acid in the water without needing to add fresh water from the network to dilute it. Finally, it can be stated that eliminating isocyanuric acid that has accumulated in a pool’s water by treatment with melamine provides an efficient process, as it eliminates the amount of isocyanuric acid that is necessary to conform to the human health criteria of the European Union Directive 2006/7/EC. Treatment with melamine also reduces water network consumption and sewer discharge by successive purges that eventually will become unnecessary. Therefore, this proposed method is environmentally and economically beneficial.
Numerical Modeling and Hydraulic Optimization of a Surge Tank Using Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Bhattarai Khem Prasad , Zhou Jianxu , Palikhe Sunit , Pandey Kamal Prasad , Suwal Naresh
Published: April 2019

In a pressurized water conveyance system, such as a hydropower system, during hydraulic transients, maximum and minimum pressures at various controlling sections are of prime concern for designing a safe and efficient surge tank. Similarly, quick damping of surge waves is also very helpful for the sound functioning of the hydro-mechanical system. Several parameters like diameter of the surge tank, diameter of the orifice, operating discharge, working head, etc., influence the maximum/minimum surge, damping of surge waves in the surge tank, and the difference of maximum pressure head at the bottom tunnel and maximum water level in the surge tank. These transient behaviors are highly conflicting in nature, especially for different diameters of orifices (DO) and diameters of surge tanks (DS). Hence, a proper optimization method is necessary to investigate the best values of DO and DS to enhance the safety and efficiency of the surge tank. In this paper, these variables are accurately determined through numerical analysis of the system by the Method of Characteristics (MOC). Furthermore, the influence on the transient behavior with changing DO and DS is investigated and finally, optimum values of DO and DS are determined using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to minimize the effects of hydraulic transients on the system without compromising the stability and efficiency of the surge tank. The obtained results show significant improvements over the contemporary methods of finding DO and DS for surge tank design.
Evaluation of the Effect of Channel Geometry on Streamflow and Water Quality Modeling and Modification of Channel Geometry Module in SWAT: A Case Study of the Andong Dam Watershed
Authors: Han Jeongho , Lee Dongjun , Lee Seoro , Chung Se-Woong , Kim Seong Joon , Park Minji , Lim Kyoung Jae , Kim Jonggun
Published: April 2019

The impact of the channel geometry on water quantity and quality simulation of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was evaluated for the Andong Dam watershed. The new equations to determine the bankfull width of the channels and the bottom width of the floodplains were developed using aerial photographs, and its performance was compared with the current equations of SWAT. The new equations were more exact than the current equations since the current equations tended to overestimate the widths of the channel and floodplain. When compared with the observed data, the streamflow of the scenario 2 (S2, applying the new equations) showed lower deviation and higher accuracy than scenario 1 (S1, applying the current equations) because the peak flow of S2 captured the observed data better due to the impact of the change geometry. Moreover, the water quality results of S2 outperformed S1 regarding suspended solid, total nitrogen, and dissolved oxygen. This is attributed to the variables, such as flow travel time, which is directly related to the channel geometry. Additionally, SWAT was modified to consider the various channel cross-sectional shapes. The results of this study suggest that the channel geometry information for the water quantity and quality estimation should be carefully applied, which could improve the model performance regarding streamflow and water quality simulations.
Unraveling the Role of Human Activities and Climate Variability in Water Level Changes in the Taihu Plain Using Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Wang Yuefeng , Tabari Hossein , Xu Youpeng , Xu Yu , Wang Qiang
Published: April 2019

Water level, as a key indicator for the floodplain area, has been largely affected by the interplay of climate variability and human activities during the past few decades. Due to a nonlinear dependence of water level changes on these factors, a nonlinear model is needed to more realistically estimate their relative contribution. In this study, the attribution analysis of long-term water level changes was performed by incorporating multilayer perceptron (MLP) artificial neural network. We took the Taihu Plain in China as a case study where water level series (1954–2014) were divided into baseline (1954–1987) and evaluation (1988–2014) periods based on abrupt change detection. The results indicate that climate variables are the dominant driver for annual and seasonal water level changes during the evaluation period, with the best performance of the MLP model having precipitation, evaporation, and tide level as inputs. In the evaluation period, the contribution of human activities to water level changes in the 2000s is higher than that in the 1990s, which indicates that human activities, including the rapid urbanization, are playing an important role in recent years. The influence of human activities, especially engineering operations, on water level changes in the 2000s is more evident during the dry season (March-April-May (MAM) and December-January-February (DJF)).
Change Drivers and Impacts in Arctic Wetland Landscapes—Literature Review and Gap Analysis
Authors: Seifollahi-Aghmiuni Samaneh , Kalantari Zahra , Land Magnus , Destouni Georgia
Published: April 2019

Wetlands are essential parts of Arctic landscapes, playing important roles for the sustainable development of the region, and linking to climate change and adaptation, ecosystem services, and the livelihood of local people. The effects of human and natural change drivers on key landscape characteristics of Arctic wetlands may be critical for ecosystem resilience, with some functional aspects still poorly understood. This paper reviews the scientific literature on change drivers for Arctic wetland landscapes, seeking to identify the main studied interactions among different drivers and landscape characteristics and their changes, as well as emerging research gaps in this context. In a total of 2232 studies of various aspects of Arctic wetland landscapes found in the literature, natural drivers and climate change have been the most studied change drivers so far, particularly regarding their impacts on carbon cycling, plant communities and biodiversity. In contrast, management plans, land use changes, and nutrient-pollutant loading, have not been investigated as much as human drivers of Arctic wetland change. This lack of study highlights essential gaps in wetland related research, and between such research and management of Arctic wetlands.
The Effectiveness of Exfiltration Technology to Support Sponge City Objectives
Authors: McBean Edward , Huang Gordon , Yang Aili , Cheng Huiyan , Wu Yicheng , Liu Zheng , Dai Zhineng , Fu Haiyan , Bhatti Munir
Published: April 2019

Urban stormwater management is essential to improve the management of floodwaters in municipalities in urban areas. However, relying on sponge city options for site planning in an attempt to decrease the impacts of flooding is challenging due to the magnitude of flooding in urban China. The merits of exfiltration technology being used in Canada are described as having significant potential; this technology encourages passage from the stormwater pipe down to a second, lower pipe, to facilitate exfiltration to the vadose zone and, ultimately, to replenish groundwater. For example, for a small urban catchment, stormwater runoff from a 2-h long, 5-yearly storm, is demonstrated as being able to exfiltrate approximately 53% of the stormwater. Overall, the potential exists to exfiltrate stormwater from the lower pipe and it is estimated that 71% of the water entering the storm sewer is exfiltrated to the vadose zone, for a small catchment. The exfiltration pipe technology increases groundwater recharge which provides an opportunity to help manage subsidence in China. However, attention must be paid to the quality of the infiltrating water since, as true for any sponge city initiative, poor quality infiltrating water may deteriorate the quality of the groundwater.
Effect of Land Use Changes on Water Quality in an Ephemeral Coastal Plain: Khambhat City, Gujarat, India
Authors: Kumar Pankaj , Dasgupta Rajarshi , Johnson Brian Alan , Saraswat Chitresh , Basu Mrittika , Kefi Mohamed , Mishra Binaya Kumar
Published: April 2019

Rapid changes in land use and land cover pattern have exerted an irreversible change on different natural resources, and water resources in particular, throughout the world. Khambhat City, located in the Western coastal plain of India, is witnessing a rapid expansion of human settlements, as well as agricultural and industrial activities. This development has led to a massive increase in groundwater use (the only source of potable water in the area), brought about significant changes to land management practices (e.g., increased fertilizer use), and resulted in much greater amounts of household and industrial waste. To better understand the impacts of this development on the local groundwater, this study investigated the relationship between groundwater quality change and land use change over the 2001–2011 period; a time during which rapid development occurred. Water quality measurements from 66 groundwater sampling wells were analyzed for the years 2001 and 2011, and two water quality indicators (NO3− and Cl− concentration) were mapped and correlated against the changes in land use. Our results indicated that the groundwater quality has deteriorated, with both nitrate (NO3−) and chloride (Cl−) levels being elevated significantly. Contour maps of NO3− and Cl− were compared with the land use maps for 2001 and 2011, respectively, to identify the impact of land use changes on water quality. Zonal statistics suggested that conversion from barren land to agricultural land had the most significant negative impact on water quality, demonstrating a positive correlation with accelerated levels of both NO3− and Cl−. The amount of influence of the different land use categories on NO3− increase was, in order, agriculture > bare land > lake > marshland > built-up > river. Whereas, for higher concentration of Cl− in the groundwater, the order of influence of the different land use categories was marshland > built-up > agriculture > bare land > lake > river. This study will help policy planners and decision makers to understand the trend of groundwater development and hence to take timely mitigation measures for its sustainable management.
Empirical Validation of MesoHABSIM Models Developed with Different Habitat Suitability Criteria for Bullhead Cottus Gobio L. as an Indicator Species
Authors: Adamczyk Mikołaj , Parasiewicz Piotr , Vezza Paolo , Prus Paweł , De Cesare Giovanni
Published: April 2019

Application of instream habitat models such as the Mesohabitat Simulation Model (MesoHABSIM) is becoming increasingly popular. Such models can predict alteration to a river physical habitat caused by hydropower operation or river training. They are a tool for water management planning, especially in terms of requirements of the Water Framework Directive. Therefore, model verification studies, which investigate the accuracy and reliability of the results generated, are essential. An electrofishing survey was conducted in September 2014 on the Stura di Demonte River located in north-western Italy. One hundred and sixteen bullhead—Cottus gobio L.—were captured in 80 pre-exposed area electrofishing (PAE) grids. Observations of bullhead distribution in various habitats were used to validate MesoHABSIM model predictions created with inductive and deductive habitat suitability indices. The inductive statistical models used electrofishing data obtained from multiple mountainous streams, analyzed with logistic regression. The deductive approach was based on conditional habitat suitability criteria (CHSC) derived from expert knowledge and information gathered from the literature about species behaviour and habitat use. The results of model comparison and validation show that although the inductive models are more precise and reflect site- and species-specific characteristics, the CHSC model provides quite similar results. We propose to use inductive models for detailed planning of measures that could potentially impair riverine ecosystems at a local scale, since the CHSC model provides general information about habitat suitability and use of such models is advised in pre-development or generic scale studies. However, the CHSC model can be further calibrated with localized electrofishing data at a lower cost than development of an inductive model.
Truth and illusion in Tennessee Williams' "A Streetcar named desire"
Authors: Gencheva Andrea
Published: April 2019

The following paper discusses some of the motifs ubiquitous to Tennessee Williams’ oeuvre, namely truth and illusion as they are presented in one of his most famous plays, A Streetcar Named Desire. The author endeavors to portray these motifs through an analysis of the characters' behavior and the subsequent, tragic consequences in order to reveal the humanness of Williams' characters who are just like the playwright himself, all marred by alcoholism, depression and loneliness.
Karakter dan Akhlak Pemimpin dalam Perspektif Islam
Authors: Siregar Siti Fatimah , Fuady Yudistira , Fadli Muhammad , Al-Bukhori Afif , Lubis Putri Nurhayati , Nasution Saidatun Nisa , Wahyudi Riki , Matanari Suryadi , Junaidi Muhammad , Suryani Ira
Published: April 2019

This article discusses the importance of character and moral factors in leadership from the perspective of Islam. Ideal leadership is related to the progress of a civilization and a nation. Islam and its followers want a leader who has good character and noble character. The source of the reference to being a leader for Muslims comes from the Koran and Hadith, imitating the personality of the Prophet Muhammad and the Khulafaur Rashidin. In the context of the state, the reference is also based on the rules and regulations of the law that inacted in Indonesia
Analisa Tingkat Kepuasan Konsumen Pada Perumahan Deno Indah Langsa
Authors: Afnina Afnina
Published: April 2019

This study explains the satisfaction felt by consumers as residents of the house in Deno Indah Langsa Housing at a relatively high level of customer satisfaction. It is proven by the dominant level of importance for consumers including clean water supply = 63,077 (ranking 1), Ventilation = 44,103 (ranking 2), Bathroom Facilities = 37,436 (ranking 3), Sunlight = 31,282 (ranking 4), Number of Rooms = 29,231 (rank 5), while achievement satisfaction (calculation of the biggest index results) obtained a proud aspect because most consumers find it easy to get public transportation (79,5) so that it also facilitates schooling (75.9), and makes it easier for consumers to go to the store and to the market (72.3) while the smallest index value is indicated by the number (66.7) which states the ease of going to work. Although there are indicators that have a relatively low ranking, such as lack of recreational facilities (37,436), children's playgrounds (40,513) this needs attention to improve settlement design in the future.
KUALITAS VIRGIN COCONUT OIL (VCO) DENGAN PENAMBAHAN VARIASI KONSENTRASI UMBI RUMPUT TEKI (Cyperus rotundus L.) DITINJAU DARI BILANGAN PEROKSIDA
Authors: Susilowati Indah Tri , Ningtyas Rahma
Published: April 2019

Kerusakan minyak ditandai dengan bau dan rasa tengik yang disebut proses ketengikan. Proses ketengikan disebabkan asam lemak dirombak menjadi hidrokarbon, aldehid dan keton. Bau kurang sedap muncul akibat campuran dari berbagai produk ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas VCO dengan penambahan variasi konsentrasi umbi rumput teki ditinjau dari bilangan peroksida. Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium STIKes Nasional pada bulan Oktober-Desember 2016. Desain penelitian menggunakan eksperimental dengan analisa data secara deskriptif. Teknik sampling menggunakan quota sampling. Pemeriksaan kadar bilangan peroksida menggunakan metode iodometri. Penambahan variasi konsentrasi umbi rumput teki yang digunakan yaitu 0 %, 4 %, 8 %, 12 %, 16 %, 20 % (b/v). Hasil pemeriksaan bilangan peroksida berturut-turut yaitu 1,1125 meq/kg; 0,9261 meq/kg; 0,5817 meq/kg; 0,5472 meq/kg; 0,4817 meq/kg; 0,4464 meq/kg. VCO dengan penambahan umbi rumput teki memiliki kualitas yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan VCO tanpa penambahan umbi rumput teki ditinjau dari bilangan peroksida.

Kata kunci : VCO, umbi rumput teki, peroksida.

The oil damage is characterized by off-ß avor and off-odor which is called as rancidity. Rancidity occurs due to fatty acid broken up into hydrocarbon, aldehyde and ketone. The emergence of odors due to mixed of these products. The aim of this study is to determine quality of VCO with addition of various concentration of purple nut sedge tuber in terms of peroxide value. This research was done in Chemical Laboratory STIKES Nasional on October until December 2016. This research used experimental design with descriptive data analysis. Sampling technique used quota sampling. Peroxide value were tested using iodometric methods. The various concentration of purple nut sedge tuberused were 0 %, 4 %, 8 %, 12 %, 16 %, 20 % (w/v) and the peroxide value obtained were 1.1125 meq/kg; 0.9261 meq/kg; 0.5817 meq/kg; 0.5472 meq/kg; 0.4817 meq/kg; 0.4464 meq/kg, respectively. VCO with the addition of purple nut sedge tuberhas a better quality than the VCO without the addition of purple nut sedge tuberin terms of peroxide.

Keyword: VCO, purple nut sedge tuber, peroxide.
EDUKASI PERIKSA PAYUDARA SENDIRI DAN PEMERIKSAAN PAYUDARA KLINIS DI DUSUN SENTIKAN, YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Indrayani Novi , Wantini Nonik Ayu
Published: April 2019

Pemeriksaan payudara berguna untuk memastikan bahwa payudara seseorang masih normal. Bila ada kelainan seperti infeksi, tumor, atau kanker dapat ditemukan lebih awal. Kanker payudara yang diobati pada stadium dini kemungkinan sembuh mendekati 95%. Kesadaran masyarakat untuk melakukan pemeriksaan payudara sendiri masih rendah dilihat dari jumlah kunjungan yaitu pasien cenderung datang untuk melakukan pemeriksaan IVA Test dan tidak ada yang melakukan kunjungan untuk SADANIS di Puskesmas Kalasan. Metode yang digunakan yaitu experimen semu dengan pendekatan “One Groups Pretest-Posttest Design”. Jumlah sampel yaitu 30 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik sampling Accidental Sampling. Sebagian besar (53,3%) pre test pengetahuan SADARI dalam kategori kurang dan setelah diberi edukasi sebagian besar (70%) dalam kategori baik. Perilaku SADARI sebelum diberi edukasi sebagian besar (86,7%) dalam kategori tidak melakukan SADARI, sebagian besar (83,3%) melakukan SADARI setelah mendapatkan Edukasi dan sebagian besar (96,7%) tidak melakukan SADANIS setelah mendapatkan edukasi dikarenakan tidak ada keluhan. Diketahui p_value 0,000 < 0,05.Kesimpulan penelitian adalah ada perbedaan antara pengetahuan tentang SADARI sebelum diberi edukasi dan setelah diberi edukasi Kata

Kunci: Edukasi, SADANIS, SADARI

Breast examination is useful to ensure that someone’s breast is still normal. If there are abnormalities such as infections, tumors, or cancer, it can be found earlier. Breast cancer treated in the early stages is likely to recover nearly 95%. Public awareness to do Breast Self-Examination (BSE) is still low. It can be seen from the number of visits, namely patients tend to come to do the IVA Test and no one visits for Clinical Breast Examination (CBE) at the Kalasan Health Center. The research applied quasiexperimental research using One Groups Pretest-Posttest Design. The number of samples was 30 people taken using Accidental Sampling technique. Most of the samples (53.3%) had BSE-knowledge in the low category on pretest. However, after being educated, most of them (70%) had BSE-knowledge in the good category. Based on BSE-behavior, before being given education, most of the samples (86.7%) did not do BSE. However, after getting education, most of them (83.3%) did BSE. Moreover, after getting education, most of the samples (96.7%) did not do CBE because there was no further complaint. Furthermore, p value in this research was 0.000 < 0.05. There is a difference in BSE-knowledge before and after being given education.

Keywords: Education, CBE, BSE
PENGARUH KOMPRES JAHE MERAH TERHADAP PENURUNAN NYERI OSTEOARTRITIS PADA LANSIA
Authors: Safitri Wahyuningsih , Utami Ratih Dwi Lestari Puji
Published: April 2019

Nyeri yang dialami lansia dengan osteoartritis sering kambuh dan resisten terhadap analgetik sehingga diperlukan terapi alternatif untuk mengurangi nyeri. Jahe merah adalah jahe yang sangat cocok untuk dijadikan herbal dan lebih banyak digunakan sebagai obat, karena kandungan minyak atsiri dan oleoresinnya paling tinggi dan mengandung gingerol diduga dapat memblok produksi prostaglandin sehingga dapat menurunkan nyeri. Penelitian ini berjudul pengaruh kompres jahe merah terhadap penurunan nyeri osteoartritis pada lansia. Metode penelitian adalah pre-eksperiment dengan one group pre-test dan post-test design with control group. Pengumpulan data dilakukan pada saat sebelum dan sesudah pemberian intervensi kompres jahe merah. Pengambilan sampel dengan purposive sampling merupakan teknik penentuan sampel dengan pertimbangan tertentu. Alat penelitian ini terdiri kompres jahe merah dan lembar observasi nyeri pre test dan post test. Analisa data dengan menggunakan Paired-Sample T Test karena data berdistribusi normal. Hasil menunjukkan ada pengaruh pemberian kompres jahe merah terhadap penurunan nyeri osteoartritis pada lansia dengan p value 0,006 dan rata-rata penurunan skala nyeri 3,16. Hasil uji Mann-Whitney didapatkan p value 0,000 rata-rata penurunan nyeri pada kelompok intervensi 2,26 dan kelompok kontrol 1,16, artinya ada perbedaan pemberian kompres jahe merah terhadap penurunan nyeri osteoartritis pada lansia.

Kata kunci: osteoartritis, lansia, jahe merah

Pain experienced by elderly people with osteoarthritis often relapse and is resistant to analgesics so alternative therapies are needed to reduce pain. Red ginger is a ginger that is very suitable to be used asan herb and is more widely used as medicine, because the content of essential oils and oleoresin is the highest and contains gingerol which is thought to block the production of prostaglandins so that it can reduce pain. This study entitled the effect of red ginger compresses on reducing osteoarthritis pain in the elderly. The research method is pre-experiment with one group pre-test and post-test design with control group. Data collection was carried out before and after the intervention of red ginger compresses. Sampling with purposive sampling is a technique of determining samples with certain considerations. This research tool consisted of red ginger compresses and pain observation sheets pre test and post test. Analyze data using Paired-Sample T Test because data is normally distributed. The results showed there was an effect of giving red ginger compresses to the reduction of osteoarthritis pain in the elderly with p value 0.006 and the average reduction in pain scale 3,16. The Mann-Whitney test results obtained p value 0,000 the average reduction in pain in the intervention group 2,26 and the control group 1,16, meaning that there is a difference in the provision of red ginger compresses to decrease osteoarthritis pain in the elderly.

Keywords: osteoarthritis, elderly, red ginger
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN TERAPI NAFAS DALAM UNTUK MENURUNKAN SKALA NYERI SAAT DILAKUKAN RANGE OF MOTION (ROM) PADA PASIEN ASAM URAT DI PANTI WREDHA DHARMA BHAKTI KASIH SURAKARTA
Authors: Rahmawati Isnaini , Hapsari Happy Indri
Published: April 2019

ABSTRAK

Proses penuaan merupakan proses alamiah yang ditandai dengan penurunan kondisi biologis, psikologis, maupun sosial. Kondisi biologis yang dapat menimbulkan masalah pada lanjut usia salah satunya adalah nyeri akibat dari kadar asam urat yang tinggi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh terapi nafas dalam untuk menurunkan skala nyeri saat dilakukan Range of Motion (ROM) pada pasien asam urat di Panti Wredha Dharma Bhakti Kasih Surakarta. Metode penelitian menggunakan desain pre experimental dengan pendekatan pretest-posttest without control. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan total sampling sebanyak 12 lansia yang mengalami penyakit asam urat. Intervensi diberikan setiap hari satu kali selama 21 hari. Analisa data menggunakan uji Wilcoxon dan menunjukkan adanya penurunan skala nyeri yang signifikan pada lansia dengan penyakit asam urat (p value 0,002)

 

Kata Kunci : nafas dalam, nyeri, lansia, asam urat

 

 

ABSTRACT

The aging process is naturally process that accompanied with the decrease of their bilogical, psycological and social condition. Biological condition that cause healthy condition in elderly is pain that causes by highly uric acid levels. The aim of this study was to analyze the the influence of deep breathing therapy to reduce the pain scale during Range of Motion (ROM) in elderly with gouty arthritis in Panti Wredha Dharma Bhakti Kasih Surakarta. The methode of this study is pre experimental design with pretest- postest without control approach. The sampling techniques was done with total sampling of 12 elderly who suffer from gouty arthritis. This deep breathing therapy performed once in every day for 21 days. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon test, and the result showed that decrased pain scale significantly in elderly with gouty arthritis (p value 0,002)

 

Keywords : deep breathing, pain, elderly, gouty arthritis
HUBUNGAN PERAN IBU DENGAN KONSEP DIRI ANAK USIA 3-5 TAHUN
Authors: Pangesti Christiani Bumi , Agussafutri Wahyu Dwi
Published: April 2019

ABSTRAK

Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan peran ibu dengan konsep diri anak usia 3-5 tahun. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif korelasi dengan pendekatan cross sectional Penelitian dilakukan di KB/TK Sinar Kasih Nusukan Surakarta. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu yang mempunyai anak 3-5 tahun di KB/TK Sinar Kasih Kelurahan Nusukan Kecamatan Banjarsari Kota Surakarta dengan jumlah 30 anak sehingga keseluruhannya digunakan sebagai sampel penelitian dengan teknik penelitian populasi. Alat pengumpul data menggunakan kuesioner dan dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan Kendall Tau. Pengolahan data menggunakan program SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peran ibu berhubungan positif dengan konsep diri anak di KB/TK Sinar Kasih Nusukan Surakarta; hal ini terbukti dari nilai korelasi sebesar 0,644 dengan signifikansi 0,000

< 0,05. Hasil korelasi bernilai positif hal ini berarti bahwa semakin baik peran ibu maka konsep diri anak juga semakin baik.

 

Kata kunci: peran ibu, konsep diri, anak usia 3-5 tahun.

 

 

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to know the relationship of mother role with self-concept of children aged 3-5 years. The type of this research is descriptive correlation with cross sectional approach. The research was done in KB / TK Sinar Kasih Nusukan Surakarta. The population of this study is all mothers who have children 3-5 year in KB/TK Sinar Kasih Kelurahan Nusukan District Banjarsari Surakarta City with the number of 30 children so that the whole is used as research sample with population research technique. The data collection tool useD questionnaires and documentation. Data analysis USED Kendall Tau. Data processing using SPSS program. The results showed that the role of mothers positively related to the self-concept of children in KB/TK Sinar Kasih Nusukan Surakarta this is evident from the correlation value of 0.644 with a significance of 0.000 <0.05. Positive correlation results this means that the better the role of mother then the self-concept of children is also getting better.

 

Keywords: role of mother, self concept, children aged 3-5 years.
HUBUNGAN BEBERAPA FAKTOR DENGAN STUNTING PADA BALITA BERAT BADAN LAHIR RENDAH
Authors: Lubis Frienty Sherlla Mareta , Cilmiaty Risya , Magna Adi
Published: April 2019

ABSTRAK Stunting merupakan salah satu masalah gizi yang utama pada anak di Indonesia. Stunting menjadi masalah yang serius karena dikaitkan dengan kualitas sumberdaya manusia di kemudian hari. Anak dengan BBLR(Berat Badan Lahir Rendah) beresiko lebih tinggi menjadi stunting. Tujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara IMD (Inisiasi Menyusu Dini), dan BBLR dengan stunting pada anak usia 12-24 bulan dengan berat badan lahir rendah. Jenis penelitian adalah observasional analitik dengan menggunakan desain penelitian cross-sectional. Subjek penelitian ditentukan dengan purposive sampling. Subjek terdiri dari 82 balita yang berusia 12-24 bulan dengan BBLR di 2 kecamatan di Kota Surakarta. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara langsung dan pengukuran antropometri. Uji statistik Chi-square digunakan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara variabel IMD dengan stunting dan uji Anova digunakan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara variabel BBLR dengan stunting. Hasil: IMD tidak berhubungan signifikan dengan kejadian stunting (X² = 0,286, p = 0,593), berat badan lahir rendah (BBLR) berhubungan signifikan dengan kejadian stunting pada α 10 % ( F = 1,561, p = 0,087). Kesimpulan: ada hubungan antara Berat Badan Lahir Rendah dengan Kejadian Stunting.   Kata kunci: Stunting, IMD, BBLR     ABSTRACT Stunting is one of the main nutritional problems in children in Indonesia. Stunting becomes a serious problem because it is associated with the quality of human resources in the future. Children with LBW (Low Birth Weight) are at higher risk of becoming stunting. Objective: To know the relationship between IMD, and LBW with stunting in children aged 12-24 months with low birth weight. The type of research is observational analytic by using cross-sectional research design. Research subject is determined by purposive sampling. Subject consisted of 82 children aged 12-24 months with LBW in 2 districts in Surakarta. Data collection is done by direct interview and anthropometry measurement. Chi-square statistical test is used to analyze the relationship between IMD variable with stunting and Anova test is used to analyze the relationship between LBW variable with stunting. The result: IMD was not significantly associated with stunting incidence (X² = 0.286, p = 0,593), low birth weight (LBW) was significantly associated with stunting incidence at α 10% (F = 1.561, p = 0.087). Conclusion: there is a relationship between Low Birth Weight with Stunting Event.   Keywords: Stunting, IMD, BBLR
PROBLEMS ON CONJUGATION OF POLYTYPIC EQUATIONS
Authors: Korzyuk V. I. , Lemeshevsky S. V.
Published: April 2019

Some conjugation problems of hyperbolic and parabolic equations with different consistency conditions on the interface are considered. Issues concerning one‐valued solvability of these problems are considered. Difference schemes for numerical solution of mentioned conjugation problems are proposed. Estimates of accuracy of algorithms suggested are obtained.
DISCRETE ELEMENT MODELS OF PARTICLE FLOWS
Authors: Wait R.
Published: April 2019

Particle flows occur in a very wide range of industrial applications. In a Discrete element model (DEM) the motions of the individual particles in the system are tracked. The model simulates all the interactions between the particles and their environment. The goal is to predict the macro‐properties of the flow and the modelling of the separate particles is only as accurate as required for this global aim. It is necessary to simulate particles of many different sizes and densities interacting with complex shaped surfaces.
Drug Susceptibility and Replication Capacity of a Rare HIV-1 Subtype C Protease Hinge Region Variant
Authors: Zondagh Jake , Basson Adriaan E , Achilonu Ikechukwu , Morris Lynn , Dirr Heini W , Sayed Yasien
Published: April 2019

Background

Protease inhibitors form the main component of second-line antiretroviral treatment in South Africa. Despite their efficacy, mutations arising within the HIV-1 gag and protease coding regions contribute to the development of resistance against this class of drug. In this paper we investigate a South African HIV-1 subtype C Gag-protease that contains a hinge region mutation and insertion (N37T↑V).

Methods

In vitro single-cycle drug susceptibility and viral replication capacity assays were performed on W1201i, a wild-type reference isolate (MJ4) and a chimeric construct (MJ4GagN37T↑VPR). Additionally, enzyme assays were performed on the N37T↑V protease and a wild-type reference protease.

Results

W1201i showed a small (threefold), but significant ( P<0.0001) reduction in drug susceptibility to darunavir compared with MJ4. Substitution of W1201i-Gag with MJ4-Gag resulted in an additional small (twofold), but significant ( P<0.01) reduction in susceptibility to lopinavir and atazanavir. The W1201i pseudovirus had a significantly ( P<0.01) reduced replication capacity (16.4%) compared with the MJ4. However, this was dramatically increased to 164% ( P<0.05) when W1201i-Gag was substituted with MJ4-Gag. Furthermore, the N37T↑V protease displayed reduced catalytic processing compared with the SK154 protease.

Conclusions

Collectively, these data suggest that the N37T↑V mutation and insertion increases viral infectivity and decreases drug susceptibility. These variations are classified as secondary mutations, and indirectly impact inhibitor binding, enzyme fitness and enzyme stability. Additionally, polymorphisms arising in Gag can modify the impact of protease with regards to viral replication and susceptibility to protease inhibitors.
Perfil das informações complementares na rotulagem de cervejas especiais comercializadas no município do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Da Silva Elga Batista , Silva Andréa Dos Anjos
Published: April 2019

O consumo de cervejas especiais, que possuem características sensoriais diferenciadas, vem aumentando entre os consumidores brasileiros, fato que torna relevante observar as informações apresentadas na rotulagem dessas bebidas. Esse trabalho objetivou caracterizar informações complementares veiculadas nos rótulos de cervejas especiais. Foram avaliados 148 rótulos com relação a aspectos como: família, graduação alcoólica, nacionalidade, informações acerca do emprego de matérias primas não convencionais na formulação da bebida, itens sobre presença de orientações quanto ao serviço e possíveis harmonizações. As amostras eram predominantemente: brasileiras (70,2%), Ale (59,4%) e com graduação alcoólica entre 4,6 e 5,5%, (53,4% das cervejas). Em 18,9% das amostras havia orientações de serviço e 22,3% recomendavam harmonizações. Além de haver uma predominância de amostras brasileiras, diversas empresas já demonstram a preocupação de inserir em sua rotulagem não apenas informações preconizadas pela legislação. Assim, também foi verificada nos rótulos a presença informações que podem auxiliar o consumidor na degustação.
Estabilidade de pigmentos dos frutos de maxixe (Cucumis anguria L.) submetidos a diferentes métodos de conservação
Authors: Santana Girlana Amorim , Oliveira Jussimara Barros de , Santos Leandro Soares , Gonçalves Márcia Soares , Borges Marília Viana , Silva Marcondes Viana da
Published: April 2019

O maxixe (Cucumis anguria L.) é uma espécie bastante cultivada no norte e nordeste do Brasil, sendo muito apreciada na culinária tradicional destas regiões. Dentre os atributos para a escolha do fruto, a cor constitui o primeiro critério utilizado pelo consumidor para sua aceitabilidade. Objetivou-se com o presente estudo avaliar a estabilidade dos pigmentos em frutos de maxixe submetido a diferentes condições de armazenamento. A matéria-prima foi armazenada em sacos de polietileno mantidos em temperatura controlada a 24ºC e 4ºC. Avaliou-se a análise instrumental de cor, perda de massa, aparência geral e realizaram-se as determinações de clorofilas e carotenoides totais. As análises foram realizadas em cinco períodos (0, 2, 4, 6 e 8 dias de armazenagem). Constatou-se que os frutos do maxixe podem ser armazenados por dois dias em temperatura de 4oC, condição mais adequada para a ocorrência de mínimas perdas de clorofila total e de carotenoides totais.
Aplicação computacional de monitoramento nutricional com base no toolkit HCD
Authors: Freitas Charles Nicollas Cavalcante , Gouveia Roberta Macêdo Marques , Santos Asaffe Carneiro Matias dos
Published: April 2019

Este artigo apresenta o desenvolvimento de uma aplicação nutricional, voltada para auxiliar no monitoramento e manutenção de dietas, baseado no projeto Design Centrado no Usuário - HCD (por sua sigla em inglês Human-Centered Design). O principal objetivo do trabalho consiste em aproximar as pessoas das premissas nutricionais, e auxiliá-las a manter uma saúde equilibrada, através de um sistema computacional mobile intuitivo, minimalista e de fácil compreensão – com base nas heurísticas de usabilidade de Jakob Nielsen. Dessa forma, visa-se proporcionar uma boa interação e adequada experiência do usuário com o aplicativo, atenuando os impactos da tecnologia e auxiliando as pessoas que fazem dieta a alcançarem os objetivos nutricionais preestabelecidos. A metodologia do trabalho contempla as fases Ouvir e Criar propostas pelo Toolkit HCD, cujo foco é projetar soluções inovadoras e relevantes, que atendam os desejos e comportamentos das pessoas, buscando o entendimento de suas necessidades, expectativas e aspirações para o futuro.
Revision of world Sphecomyia Latreille (Diptera, Syrphidae)
Authors: Moran Kevin M. , Skevington Jeffrey H.
Published: April 2019

The 16 world species of Sphecomyia Latreille are revised, including seven previously undescribed species (S.cryptica Moran, sp. n., S.hoguei Moran, sp. n., S.interrupta Moran, sp. n., S.oraria Moran, sp. n., S.pseudosphecomima Moran, sp. n., S.sexfasciata Moran, sp. n., and S.weismani Moran, sp. n.). Descriptions, redescriptions, male genitalia photographs, distribution maps, and an illustrated key for all Sphecomyia are presented. DNA barcode data are provided for all 16 species with a cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene tree presented and discussed. Sphecomyiastat. rev. is redefined to represent the monophyletic lineage of species within subtribe Criorhinina possessing a bare, medial vitta extending ventrally from the oral margin in both sexes, a bare gena, a bare katepimeron, a scutellum with at least anterior margin densely pruinose, an anterior ventral half of vein C before crossvein h without setae, and a narrow intersection of vein R1 with vein C. Three species groups of Sphecomyia are identified: the S.vittata group which possess pruinose scutellar vittae, the S.pattonii group which lack pruinose scutellar vittae, and S.metallica (Bigot), a hairy bee mimic with a completely pruinose scutum. Criorhinatsherepanovi Violovitsh is resurrected and transferred, along with Criorhinaaino Stackelberg, to the genus Sphecomyia: S.tsherepanovi (Violovitsh), comb. n. and S.aino (Stackelberg), comb. n.Criorhinametallica (Bigot) is designated as the senior synonym of C.lupina (Williston), not junior as improperly treated, and transferred to Sphecomyia: S.metallica (Bigot), comb. n. The species Sphecomyiafusca Weisman, S.nasica Osburn, and S.occidentalis Osburn are transferred to Criorhina Meigen: C.fusca (Weisman), comb. n., C.nasica (Osburn), comb. n., and C.occidentalis (Osburn), comb. n.
Two new species and a new combination of Allacta (Blattodea, Ectobiidae, Pseudophyllodromiinae) from China, with notes on their behavior in nature
Authors: He Jia-Jun , Zheng Yu-Hong , Qiu Lu , Che Yan-Li , Wang Zong-Qing
Published: April 2019

Two new species, Allactabrunasp. n. and Allactaalbasp. n., from China are described and illustrated. Allactahainanensis (Liu et al., 2017), comb. n. is proposed and re-described; figures including genitalia are provided. A key is provided to all species from China based on males. Notes on the bionomics of this genus in China are provided.