bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IDENTITAS DAYAK DAN MELAYU DI KALIMANTAN BARAT
Authors: Yusriadi Yusriadi -
Published: February 2019

Persaingan  dan konflik, serta kerukunan dan persaudaraan antara Dayak dan Melayu mewarnai ruang publik di Kalimantan Barat.  Kedua kelompok utama (mayoritas) di Kalimantan Barat menjalani hubungan pasang dan surut. Keadaan inilah yang selalu menarik diamati, khususnya dalam konteks identitas. Penulis ingin melihat bagaimana identitas berkelindan di balik isu bipolaritas Dayak-Melayu. Tulisan ini merupakan hasil pemikiran yang  diperkuat  dengan  data  pendukung.  Data  tersebut  diperoleh dari berbagai sumber dokumentasi dan terbitan, yang di antaranya menunjukkan bahwa di balik perbedaan identitas antara Dayak dan Melayu dapat ditemukan pula persamaan pada beberapa unsur. Kedua identitas itu tumbuh di ruang yang sama dan sebagian darinya berasal dari sumber atau asal-usul yang sama. Proses selanjutnya memperlihatkan penerimaan dan penggunaan identitas budaya menjadi bahan untuk pengonstruksian bangunan identitas kelompok. Pada mulanya, identitas Dayak digunakan secara terpaksa, sedangkan identitas Melayu diterima dengan terbuka. Seiring perjalanan waktu, kedua identitas itu dipakai oleh dan untuk dua kelompok yang berbeda. Masing-masing memperkuat identitas dengan perubahan-perubahan tertentu pada unsur-unsur budaya yang sudah ada. Identitas budaya Dayak dan Melayu tetap cair tetapi gerakan perubahan itu cenderung ke arah yang berlawanan dan memperlebar jarak di antara keduanya. Itu pulalah yang menyebabkan rivalitas berkelanjutan, sehingga persoalan yang kecil dapat menjadi besar.
GAGASAN MULTIKULTURALISME DALAM MATERI MUATAN LOKAL SMP/MTs DI KALIMANTAN BARAT
Authors: Ngardi Valensius
Published: February 2019

Tulisan ini mendeskripsikan bagaimana gagasan tentang multikulturalisme diintegrasikan ke dalam muatan lokal yang dijadikan sebagai materi pembelajaran di SMP/ MTs. Tulisan ini bertujuan menjelaskan pentingnya penerapan pendidikan multikultur di Kalimantan Barat dengan cara menganalisis isi buku, dan implementasi muatan lokal tersebut pada beberapa SMP/MTs. di Kota Pontianak. Data diperoleh dari buku muatan lokal pendidikan multikultur untuk SMP/MTs, buku-buku yang relevan, dan media cetak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sejarah perseteruan antarentnis yang kelam dan traumatis bagi generasi muda telah mendorong beberapa LSM untuk menyusun materi muatan lokal tentang pendidikan multikultur. Muatan lokal ini telah diimplementasikan pada tujuh SMP/ MTs di Kota Pontianak.Tema-tema yang dibahas di dalam muatan lokal tersebut berhubungan dengan sejarah pendidikan multikultur, sejarah multietnik, dan keragaman budaya yang terdapat di Kalimantan Barat, serta gambaran mengenai interaksi antaretnis di Kalimantan Barat. Materi muatan lokal tersebut mengandung lima aspek penting, yaitu kognitif, afektif, psikomotorik, sosial, dan spiritual memungkinkan mampu membangun persaudaraan dan keharmonisan hidup.
BAHASA MELAYU RENDAH DALAM SURAT KONGSI CINA LANFONG DI KALIMANTAN BARAT PERIODE KOLONIAL
Authors: Listiana Dana
Published: February 2019

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan salah satu bahasa sumber arsip periode kolonial dan memahami konteks sosiologis bahasa berdasarkan fungsi dan waktu ketika bahasa tersebut digunakan. Berdasarkan studi kepustakaan diketahui bahwa sumber periode kolonial juga meliputi arsip berbahasa Melayu Rendah. Sumber arsip yang ditelaah adalah surat permohonan dari Kongsi Lanfong di Kalimantan Barat kepada Pemerintah Hindia Belanda. Kongsi Lanfong adalah sebuah kongsi Cina, entitas politik komunitas Cina yang bermula dari kelompok aktivitas ekonomi, dengan aktivitas utama berupa penambangan emas di Mandor. Aktivitas tersebut pulalah yang melatari penulisan surat yang ditelaah dalam artikel ini. Surat menunjukkan bahwa bahasa Melayu Rendah digunakan sebagai bahasa diplomatik bahkan oleh kelompok yang bukan penuturnya. Hal ini menarik karena berlaku di kala pemerintah kolonial belum resmi menetapkan bahasa Melayu sebagai bahasa pengantar.
SISTEM REMUNERASI BERBASIS KINERJA DALAM MENINGKATKAN KINERJA PEGAWAI DI KECAMATAN SUKAMAHAYA KOTA DEPOK PROVINSI JAWA BARAT
Authors: Zulaika Siti
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe low performance of employees of one of them due to poor compensation. The fi x, the systemis given additional remuneration other than salary income of employees (TPP). This study aimsto determine: the remuneration system in the District Sukmajaya; whether the application ofthe remuneration can improve employee performance; and additional problems encounteredin the implementation of the remuneration. The study design is qualitative descriptive, witha saturated sample because researchers wanted to gain a holistic overview and detailed toanswer these research objectives. The results of the study and discussion of remuneration inthe form of salaries and TPP. The amount of TPP is based on the results of the analysis of themeasured positions of responsible work. TPP is given based on the discipline and the measuredperformance of the task implementation report every week to the direct superior. But in realitythe presence of an employee is unable to detect because the tools used are conventional anddo not report on the implementation tasks carried out according to the rules. Conclusion:Remuneration in the form of salaries and the TPP is not feasible and is not fair; Remunerationcan motivate and improve employee performance, but not optimal due to poor application ofthe rules; and presence are still using conventional tools. Recommendation: that TPP minimumof salary, implementation of rules as the basis for the TPP, and soon realized the purchase ofequipment Presence automatically.Keywords: remuneration, employee performance
PERANAN DAN KEDUDUKAN KECAMATAN DALAM AKSELERASI PENYELENGGARAAN URUSAN PEMERINTAHINSI DI KOTA TANGERANG PROVINSI BANTEN
Authors: LABOLO MUHADAM
Published: February 2019

AbstrakPengembangan kawasan perbatasan negara telah lama menjadi prioritas program pemerintah sebagaimana tertuang dalam RPJMN sejak tahun 2005, dan menjadi bahan diskusi dan riset yang aktual bagi para ilmuwan dan peneliti. Namun kenyataannya pada kontek pengembangan kawasan terkait dengan efektivitas penyelenggaraan pemerintahan; rentang kendali dan akuntabilitas publik masih menyisakan persolan yang belum tersolusikan secara kongkret, Tulisan ini mencoba memfokuskan masalah kepada berbagai persoalan terkait dengan bagaimana penyelenggaraan pemerintahan; rentangkendali dan akuntabilitas publik serta mencoba menawarkan solusi kebijakan melalui penerapan model asimetrik dirasakan menjadi peluang dalam pengembangan kepemerintahan di kawasan perbatasan negara dan menjadi pola pikir pengambilan kebijakan terkait hubungan pusat daerah yang bukan bersifat reaktif karena tuntutan daerah untuk pembentukan daerah otonomi baru atau sejenis otoritaKata Kunci: Desentralisasi Asimetrik; Pengembangan Kawasan Perbatasan; Penyelenggaraan Pemerintahan.
CRISIS AND COMMUNICATION MANAGEMENT IN NATIONAL POPULATION AND FAMILY PLANNING BOARD IN THE POST-REFORM ERA
Authors: Fauzia Rizky
Published: February 2019

Crisis can occur in all organizations and institutions both private and government. It can be caused by many factors, both internal and external, which one of which is the environmental changes that requires an institution to adapt. National Population and Family Planning Board (BKKBN) is a governmental institution that has successed in the socialization of Family Planning Program in the 1960s-1990s by reducing the rate of population growth. After post-reform era happened in Indonesia, Total Fertility Rate (TFR), children average number from childbearing age couples stagnant in 2,6. Environmental changes marked by Regional Autonomy Regulations (OTDA) arrangement in January 2004 where authority of the Central Government including FP Program is devolved to Local Governments. OTDA associated with political and economic policies impacts on institutional, budget, and personnel availability.This article is using qualitative method, explaining BKKBN as a government institution in organization communication crisis after OTDA enactment. The FP Program that proven improved society welfare is no longer a priority. Communication was only one command from Central Government to Local Government, in post-reform era it hampered, as most District Heads are more concerned with short-term development because of their short tenure. The budget support even personnel for the socialization of FP Program is reduced and some have none at all. There are four important stages in the crisis by Steven Fink, prodromal stage, the acute stage, chronic stage, and resolution stage. There must be different communication strategies at each stage. BKKBN need to regain public trust to overcome the crisis. According to Hardjana, reputation is crisis antithesis and the crystallization of the image. Determining the right communication strategies is needed by BKKBN as a strategic institution in improving society welfare to regain their confidence to achieve institution’s goal, decrease TFR which impact the declining rate of population growth in Indonesia.Keywords: Crisis, Communication Management, Reputation, Government
Peluang dan Ancaman Otonomi Desa Pasca Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa
Authors: Labolo Muhadam
Published: February 2019

The changes about Village policy provide both opportunities and threats to the development of village autonomy. Opportunities for the development of village autonomy are at least normatively gaining a foothold from two important principles of recognition and subsidiarity. The first principle as a form of recognition of village existence in various forms has actually been introduced through Law Number 22 Year 1999 and 32 Year 2004 which corrects efforts to uniform the lowest government entity of the village under another name. The second principle is the juridical consequence of the 1945 Constitution article 18B paragraph (2) where the state not only recognizes, also respects special and special units as long as it is still there and well maintained. This principle allows the state to allocate resources to the village even though the village is no longer subordinate to the state (mini bureaucracy) as the practice of Law 5/1979 through local state government paradigm. With the resources referred to the village at least have the opportunity to develop the original autonomy (self governing community) and not solely under the control of local governance system (local self-government). The allocation of resources from the government, provincial and district / city and the opening of access in the effort of developing village autonomy is not impossible to increase the tension in the village through abuse of authority and the potential of horizontal conflict. Village autonomy can ultimately contain threats if a number of important requirements can not be fulfilled given the culture, structure and environment that affect the village is much more dominant than the supradesa itself is quite distant with the community.Keywords: village autonomy, opportunities, threats
The PISA-syndrome - How the OECD has hijacked the way we perceive pupils, schools and education
Authors: Sjöberg Svein
Published: February 2019

From the mid 1990s, the OECD started the planning of the Program for International Student Assessment, now well known as PISA. 1 The first PISA testing took place early in 2000, and the results were published in December 2001. Since then, PISA results have gradually become a kind of global “gold standard” for educational quality, and educational policy has been globalized, lifted out of the domestic policy, as proudly stated by the PISA director, Andreas Schleicher in the TED-talk quoted below. The presentation is transcribed in 29 languages and has been seen by some 758 thousand viewers.
Numerical Prediction of Far-Field Combustion Noise from Aeronautical Engines
Authors: Férand Mélissa , Livebardon Thomas , Moreau Stéphane , Sanjosé Marlène
Published: February 2019

A hybrid methodology combining a detailed Large Eddy Simulation of a combustion chamber sector, an analytical propagation model of the extracted acoustic and entropy waves at the combustor exit through the turbine stages, and a far-field acoustic propagation through a variable exhaust temperature field was shown to predict far-field combustion noise from helicopter and aircraft propulsion systems accurately for the first time. For the single-stream turboshaft engine, the validation was achieved from engine core to the turbine exit. Propagation to the far field was then performed through a modeled axisymmetric jet. Its temperature modified the acoustic propagation of combustion noise significantly and a simple analytical model based on the Snell–Descarte law was shown to predict the directivity for axisymmetric single jet exhaust accurately. Good agreement with measured far-field spectra for all turboshaft-engine regimes below 2 kHz stresses that combustion noise is most likely the dominant noise source at low frequencies in such engines. For the more complex dual-stream turbofan engine, two regime computations showed that direct noise is mostly generated by the unsteady flame dynamics and the indirect combustion noise by the temperature stratification induced by the dilution holes in the combustion chamber, as found previously in the turboshaft case. However, in the turboengine, direct noise was found dominant at the combustor exit for the low power case and equivalent contributions of both combustion noise sources for the high power case. The propagation to the far-field was achieved through the temperature field provided by a Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes simulation. Good agreement with measured spectra was also found at low frequencies for the low power turboengine case. At high power, however, turboengine jet noise overcomes combustion noise at low frequencies.
Time-Domain Output Data Identification Model for Pipeline Flaw Detection Using Blind Source Separation Technique Complexity Pursuit
Authors: Ullah Zia , Wang Xinhua , Chen Yingchun , Zhang Tao , Ju Haiyang , Zhao Yizhen
Published: February 2019

Vital defect information present in the magnetic field data of oil and gas pipelines can be perceived by developing such non-parametric algorithms that can extract modal features and performs structural assessment directly from the recorded signal data. This paper discusses such output-only modal identification method Complexity Pursuit (CP) based on blind signal separation. An application to the pipeline flaw detection is presented and it is shown that the complexity pursuit algorithm blindly estimates the modal parameters from the measured magnetic field signals. Numerical simulations for multi-degree of freedom systems show that the method can precisely identify the structural parameters. Experiments are performed first in a controlled laboratory environment secondly in real world, on pipeline magnetic field data, recorded using high precision magnetic field sensors. The measured structural responses are given as input to the blind source separation model where the complexity pursuit algorithm blindly extracted the least complex signals from the observed mixtures that were guaranteed to be source signals. The output power spectral densities calculated from the estimated modal responses exhibit rich physical interpretation of the pipeline structures.
Correction: Persoons, T.; Cressall, R.; Alimohammadi, S. Validating a Reduced-Order Model for Synthetic Jet Actuators Using CFD and Experimental Data. Actuators 2018, 7, 67
Authors: Persoons Tim , Cressall Rick , Alimohammadi Sajad
Published: February 2019

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...]
Determination of Cultivated Area, Field Boundary and Overlapping for A Plowing Operation Using ISO 11783 Communication and D-GNSS Position Data
Authors: Heiß Andreas , Paraforos Dimitrios S. , Griepentrog Hans W.
Published: February 2019

Easily available and detailed area-related information is very valuable for the optimization of crop production processes in terms of, e.g., documentation and invoicing or detection of inefficiencies. The present study dealt with the development of algorithms to gain sophisticated information about different area-related parameters in a preferably automated way. Rear hitch position and wheel-based machine speed were recorded from ISO 11783 communication data during plowing with a mounted reversible moldboard plow. The data were georeferenced using the position information from a low-cost differential global navigation satellite system (D-GNSS) receiver. After the exclusion of non-work sequences from continuous data logs, single cultivated tracks were reconstructed, which represented as a whole the cultivated area of a field. Based on that, the boundary of the field and the included area were automatically detected with a slight overestimation of 1.4%. Different field parts were distinguished and single overlaps between the cultivated tracks were detected, which allowed a distinct assessment of the lateral and headland overlapping (2.05% and 3.96%, respectively). Incomplete information about the work state of the implement was identified as the main challenge to get precise results. With a few adaptions, the used methodology could be transferred to a wide range of mounted implements.
Multi-Stakeholder Focus Groups on Potential for Meat Inspection Data to Inform Management of Pig Health and Welfare on Farm
Authors: van Staaveren Nienke , Doyle Bernadette , Hanlon Alison , Boyle Laura A.
Published: February 2019

Meat inspection (MI) findings can act as a valuable source of information on pig health and welfare. The PIG WELFare INDicators (PIGWELFIND) project (Research Stimulus Fund 11/S/107) was developed to progress the development of ante and post mortem MI as a pig health and welfare diagnostic tool in Ireland. Three multi-stakeholder focus groups were organized to explore areas of conflict and agreement between stakeholders’ vision for including pig health and welfare indicators in MI and on how to achieve this vision. Each focus group consisted of eight stakeholders: pig producers, Teagasc pig advisors, pig processors, veterinarians involved in MI, private veterinary practitioners, and personnel with backgrounds in general animal health and welfare and food safety policy. In general, stakeholders expressed positive attitudes towards the use of MI data to inform pig health and welfare when standardization of recording and feedback is improved, and the MI system provides real-time benchmarking possibilities. Most emphasis was placed on health indicators as a first priority, while it was felt that welfare-related indicators could be included after practical barriers had been addressed (i.e., line speed/feasibility, standardization and training of meat inspectors, data ownership). Recommendations are made to further progress the development of MI as a pig health and welfare diagnostic tool and address some of these barriers.
Evaluation of Evapotranspiration from Eddy Covariance Using Large Weighing Lysimeters
Authors: Moorhead Jerry E. , Marek Gary W. , Gowda Prasanna H. , Lin Xiaomao , Colaizzi Paul D. , Evett Steven R. , Kutikoff Seth
Published: February 2019

Evapotranspiration (ET) is an important component in the water budget and used extensively in water resources management such as water planning and irrigation scheduling. In semi-arid regions, irrigation is used to supplement limited and erratic growing season rainfall to meet crop water demand. Although lysimetery is considered the most accurate method for crop water use measurements, high-precision weighing lysimeters are expensive to build and operate. Alternatively, other measurement systems such as eddy covariance (EC) are being used to estimate crop water use. However, due to numerous explicit and implicit assumptions in the EC method, an energy balance closure problem is widely acknowledged. In this study, three EC systems were installed in a field containing a large weighing lysimeter at heights of 2.5, 4.5, and 8.5 m. Sensible heat flux (H) and ET from each EC system were evaluated against the lysimeter. Energy balance closure ranged from 64% to 67% for the three sensor heights. Results showed that all three EC systems underestimated H and consequently overestimated ET; however, the underestimation of H was greater in magnitude than the overestimation of ET. Analysis showed accuracy of ET was greater than energy balance closure with error rates of 20%–30% for half-hourly values. Further analysis of error rates throughout the growing season showed that energy balance closure and ET accuracy were greatest early in the season and larger error was found after plants reached their maximum height. Therefore, large errors associated with increased biomass may indicate unaccounted-for energy stored in the plant canopy as one source of error. Summing the half-hourly data to a daily time-step drastically reduced error in ET to 10%–15%, indicating that EC has potential for use in agricultural water management.
Comparison of the Phenolic Profiles of Soaked and Germinated Peanut Cultivars via UPLC-QTOF-MS
Authors: Yang Qiong-Qiong , Cheng Lin , Long Zhi-Yuan , Li Hua-Bin , Gunaratne Anil , Gan Ren-You , Corke Harold
Published: February 2019

Diverse peanut varieties are widely cultivated in China. However, few studies have investigated the effects of germination on the phenolic profiles and antioxidant activities of specific Chinese peanut cultivars. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of germination on total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant activity, and phenolic profiles of seven peanut cultivars in China. The TPC, TFC, and antioxidant activities were determined by spectrophotometry, while phenolic profiles were analyzed by using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS). The results found that germination significantly increased TPC, TFC, and antioxidant activity. Antioxidant activity was found to be closely related to TPC in germinated peanut extracts, which indicates that phenolics are the main contributors of antioxidants in germinated peanuts. In addition, germination induced significant changes in polyphenolic profiles. In the analyzed samples, 36 phenolic compounds were identified in which most were flavonoids. Overall, these findings highlight that germinated peanuts can be a good natural source of natural antioxidants for human consumption and functional food development.
3D Behavior Recognition Based on Multi-Modal Deep Space-Time Learning
Authors: Zhao Chong , Chen Minglin , Zhao Jinhao , Wang Qicong , Shen Yehu
Published: February 2019

This paper proposes a dual-stream 3D space-time convolutional neural network action recognition framework. The original depth map sequence data is set as the input in order to study the global space-time characteristics of each action category. The high correlation within the human action itself is considered in the time domain, and then the deep motion map sequence is introduced as the input to another stream of the 3D space-time convolutional network. Furthermore, the corresponding 3D skeleton sequence data is set as the third input of the whole recognition framework. Although the skeleton sequence data has the advantage of including 3D information, it is also confronted with the problems of the existence of rate change, temporal mismatch and noise. Thus, specially designed space-time features are applied to cope with these problems. The proposed methods allow the whole recognition system to fully exploit and utilize the discriminatory space-time features from different perspectives, and ultimately improve the classification accuracy of the system. Experimental results on different public 3D data sets illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Low-Cost CuIn1−xGaxSe2 Ultra-Thin Hole-Transporting Material Layer for Perovskite/CIGSe Heterojunction Solar Cells
Authors: Chang Liann-Be , Tseng Chzu-Chiang , Wu Gwomei , Feng Wu-Shiung , Jeng Ming-Jer , Chen Lung-Chien , Lee Kuan-Lin , Popko Ewa , Jacak Lucjan , Gwozdz Katarzyna
Published: February 2019

This paper presents a new type of solar cellwith enhanced optical-current characteristics using an ultra-thin CuIn1−xGaxSe2 hole-transporting material (HTM) layer (<400 nm). The HTM layer was between a bi-layer Mo metal-electrode and a CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) perovskite active absorbing material. It promoted carrier transportand led to an improved device with good ohmic-contacts. The solar cell was prepared as a bi-layer Mo/CuIn1−xGaxSe2/perovskite/C60/Ag multilayer of nano-structures on an FTO (fluorine-doped tin oxide) glass substrate. The ultra-thin CuIn1−xGaxSe2 HTM layers were annealed at various temperatures of 400, 500, and 600 °C. Scanning electron microscopy studies revealed that the nano-crystal grain size of CuIn1−xGaxSe2 increased with the annealing temperature. The solar cell results show an improved optical power conversion efficiency at ~14.2%. The application of the CuIn1−xGaxSe2 layer with the perovskite absorbing material could be used for designing solar cells with a reduced HTM thickness. The CuIn1−xGaxSe2 HTM has been evidenced to maintain a properopen circuit voltage, short-circuit current density and photovoltaic stability.
Low-Voltage Solid-State DC Breaker for Fault Protection Applications in Isolated DC Microgrid Cluster
Authors: Yaqobi Mohammad Aman , Matayoshi Hidehito , Danish Mir Sayed Shah , Lotfy Mohammed Elsayed , Howlader Abdul Motin , Tomonobu Senjyu
Published: February 2019

Due to the interconnected scheme of multiple components, such as distributed generators, storage systems, and loads through converters to a common bus in DC microgrids, the possibility of fault occurrence is increasing significantly. Meanwhile, due to the huge and rapid increase of short-circuit currents, the development of a small- and large-scale DC system requires a reliable and fast protection system to ensure fault clearance and maintain safety for the rest of the system. Thus, fault protection has been focused on as one of the most critical issues in a direct current network. The application of traditional circuit-breakers for DC fault protection has the drawback of slow operation, which requires a high rating power equipment. Recently, the high speed and excellent performance capabilities of semiconductor breakers have attracted a lot of attention and been considered as an optimal solution for fast DC fault interruption. In this study, a bidirectional Insulated-Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) semiconductor breaker, suitable for the fault protection of low-voltage DC networks, is proposed. The operating characteristics of this breaker are based on changes in the circuit current and terminal voltage of IGBTs. It detects the abrupt change of the terminal voltage as an abnormal condition and isolates the faulted branch in a short time to prevent the operation disturbance in the healthy part of the network. Therefore, for the entire protection of a typical 400V DC-microgrid cluster, breakers need to be integrated and examined in each branch and the interconnected lines. The proposed protection method in this study is examined in a Simulink®/MATLAB environment to analyze and assess its operation.
Novel Designated Ownership Transfer with Grouping Proof
Authors: Tsai Kuo-Yu , Yang Ming , Luo Jia , Liew Wei-Tim
Published: February 2019

In the supply chain management literature, various mobile radio frequency identification (RFID) protocols have been proposed for minimizing cargo theft during transport while ensuring the integrity of the entire cargo load or transferring ownership of a tagged item to another owner. These protocols are generally called grouping proof protocols and ownership transfer protocols, respectively. However, no protocol has been proposed that can achieve both requirements. In this paper, we propose a novel designated ownership transfer with grouping proof protocol that simultaneously generates grouping proofs and authenticates the consistency between the receipt proof and pick proof while ensuring that ownership of the cargo is transferred to the new designated owner in one attempt. In addition, the proposed scheme is robust against attacks (such as replay, denial-of-service, and denial-of-proof attacks) and has security features, such as forward/backward secrecy and message integrity.
Architectural Concept and Evaluation of a Framework for the Efficient Automation of Computational Scientific Workflows: An Energy Systems Analysis Example
Authors: Liu Jianlei , Braun Eric , Düpmeier Clemens , Kuckertz Patrick , Ryberg D. Severin , Robinius Martin , Stolten Detlef , Hagenmeyer Veit
Published: February 2019

Scientists and engineers involved in the design of complex system solutions use computational workflows for their evaluations. Along with growing system complexity, the complexity of these workflows also increases. Without integration tools, scientists and engineers are often highly concerned with how to integrate software tools and model sets, which hinders their original research or engineering aims. Therefore, a new framework for streamlining the creation and usage of automated computational workflows is introduced in the present article. It uses state-of-the-art technologies for automation (e.g., container-automation) and coordination (e.g., distributed message oriented middleware), and a microservice-based architecture for novel distributed process execution and coordination. It also supports co-simulations as part of larger workflows including additional auxiliary computational tasks, e.g., forecasting or data transformation. Using Apache NiFi, an easy-to-use web interface is provided to create, run and control workflows without the need to be concerned with the underlying computing infrastructure. Initial framework testing via the implementation of a real-world workflow underpins promising performance in the realms of parallelizability, low overheads and reliable coordination.
Yttria Ceria Co-Stabilized Zirconia Reinforced with Alumina and Strontium Hexaaluminate
Authors: Gommeringer Andrea , Nölle Lennart , Kern Frank , Gadow Rainer
Published: February 2019

Zirconia materials are frequently used in dental applications due to their excellent strength and their tooth-like aspect. Standard yttria stabilized zirconia (Y-TZP) ceramics suffer, however, from moderate toughness and vulnerability to low-temperature degradation. In this study, 1Y6Ce-TZP materials reinforced with different amounts of alumina and/or strontium hexaaluminate were manufactured by slip casting and pressureless sintering at different temperatures to assess their mechanical properties, microstructure, phase composition, and low-temperature degradation stability. Results show that these materials exhibit a high fracture resistance of 10–12 MPa√m, a bending strength between 700–950 MPa, and a Vickers hardness of 1100–1200 HV10. Strontium hexaaluminate (SA6) precipitates were formed in situ by reaction of alumina and strontium zirconate. Although crack deflection at SA6 platelets was clearly visible, a net toughening was not observed. Accelerated ageing tests at 134 °C/3 bar water vapor pressure showed best results for mixed alumina/SA6 reinforcements and a sintering temperature of 1500 °C. Mehl-Avrami-Johnson plots used to describe the ageing kinetics showed clear indications of different ageing mechanisms due to the introduction of the SA6 phase.
The Machine as Artist as Myth
Authors: Broeckmann Andreas
Published: February 2019

The essay proposes an art–historical contextualisation of the notion of the “machine as artist”. It argues that the art–theoretical tropes raised by current speculations on artworks created by autonomous technical systems have been inherent to debates on modern and postmodern art throughout the 20th century. Moreover, the author suggests that the notion of the machine derives from a mythological narrative in which humans and technical systems are rigidly figured as both proximate and antagonistic. The essay develops a critical perspective onto this ideological formation and elucidates its critique in a discussion of a recent series of artworks and a text by US American artist Trevor Paglen.
Eco-Efficiency of a Lithium-Ion Battery for Electric Vehicles: Influence of Manufacturing Country and Commodity Prices on GHG Emissions and Costs
Authors: Philippot Maeva , Alvarez Garbiñe , Ayerbe Elixabete , Van Mierlo Joeri , Messagie Maarten
Published: February 2019

Lithium-ion battery packs inside electric vehicles represents a high share of the final price. Nevertheless, with technology advances and the growth of the market, the price of the battery is getting more competitive. The greenhouse gas emissions and the battery cost have been studied previously, but coherent boundaries between environmental and economic assessments are needed to assess the eco-efficiency of batteries. In this research, a detailed study is presented, providing an environmental and economic assessment of the manufacturing of one specific lithium-ion battery chemistry. The relevance of parameters is pointed out, including the manufacturing place, the production volume, the commodity prices, and the energy density. The inventory is obtained by dismantling commercial cells. The correlation between the battery cost and the commodity price is much lower than the correlation between the battery cost and the production volume. The developed life cycle assessment concludes that the electricity mix that is used to power the battery factory is a key parameter for the impact of the battery manufacturing on climate change. To improve the battery manufacturing eco-efficiency, a high production capacity and an electricity mix with low carbon intensity are suggested. Optimizing the process by reducing the electricity consumption during the manufacturing is also suggested, and combined with higher pack energy density, the impact on climate change of the pack manufacturing is as low as 39.5 kg CO2 eq/kWh.
Vanadium Oxygen Fuel Cell Utilising High Concentration Electrolyte
Authors: Risbud Mandar , Menictas Chris , Skyllas-Kazacos Maria , Noack Jens
Published: February 2019

A vanadium oxygen fuel cell is a modified form of a conventional vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) where the positive electrolyte (VO2+/VO2+ couple) is replaced by the oxygen reduction (ORR) process. This potentially allows for a significant improvement in energy density and has the added benefit of overcoming the solubility limits of V (V) at elevated temperatures, while also allowing the vanadium negative electrolyte concentration to increase above 3 M. In this paper, a vanadium oxygen fuel cell with vanadium electrolytes with a concentration of up to 3.6 M is reported with preliminary results presented for different electrodes over a range of current densities. Using precipitation inhibitors, the concentration of vanadium can be increased considerably above the commonly used 2 M limit, leading to improved energy density.
Cellulose Nanofiber-Reinforced Chitosan Hydrogel Composites for Intervertebral Disc Tissue Repair
Authors: Doench Ingo , Ahn Tran Tuan , David Laurent , Montembault Alexandra , Viguier Eric , Gorzelanny Christian , Sudre Guillaume , Cachon Thibaut , Louback-Mohamed Malika , Horbelt Niels , Peniche-Covas Carlos , Osorio-Madrazo Anayancy
Published: February 2019

The development of non-cellularized composites of chitosan (CHI) hydrogels, filled with cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) of the type nanofibrillated cellulose, was proposed for the repair and regeneration of the intervertebral disc (IVD) annulus fibrosus (AF) tissue. With the achievement of CNF-filled CHI hydrogels, biomaterial-based implants were designed to restore damaged/degenerated discs. The structural, mechanical and biological properties of the developed hydrogel composites were investigated. The neutralization of weakly acidic aqueous CNF/CHI viscous suspensions in NaOH yielded composites of physical hydrogels in which the cellulose nanofibers reinforced the CHI matrix, as investigated by means of microtensile testing under controlled humidity. We assessed the suitability of the achieved biomaterials for intervertebral disc tissue engineering in ex vivo experiments using spine pig models. Cellulose nanofiber-filled chitosan hydrogels can be used as implants in AF tissue defects to restore IVD biomechanics and constitute contention patches against disc nucleus protrusion while serving as support for IVD regeneration.
State-of-the-Art of Profiling Immune Contexture in the Era of Multiplexed Staining and Digital Analysis to Study Paraffin Tumor Tissues
Authors: Parra Edwin Roger , Francisco-Cruz Alejandro , Wistuba Ignacio Ivan
Published: February 2019

Multiplexed platforms for multiple epitope detection have emerged in the last years as very powerful tools to study tumor tissues. These revolutionary technologies provide important visual techniques for tumor examination in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens to improve the understanding of the tumor microenvironment, promote new treatment discoveries, aid in cancer prevention, as well as allowing translational studies to be carried out. The aim of this review is to highlight the more recent methodologies that use multiplexed staining to study simultaneous protein identification in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissues for immune profiling, clinical research, and potential translational analysis. New multiplexed methodologies, which permit the identification of several proteins at the same time in one single tissue section, have been developed in recent years with the ability to study different cell populations, cells by cells, and their spatial distribution in different tumor specimens including whole sections, core needle biopsies, and tissue microarrays. Multiplexed technologies associated with image analysis software can be performed with a high-quality throughput assay to study cancer specimens and are important tools for new discoveries. The different multiplexed technologies described in this review have shown their utility in the study of cancer tissues and their advantages for translational research studies and application in cancer prevention and treatments.
Decoration of Anti-CD38 on Nanoparticles Carrying a STAT3 Inhibitor Can Improve the Therapeutic Efficacy Against Myeloma
Authors: Huang Yung-Hsing , Vakili Mohammad Reza , Molavi Ommoleila , Morrissey Yuen , Wu Chengsheng , Paiva Igor , Soleimani Amir Hasan , Sanaee Forugh , Lavasanifar Afsaneh , Lai Raymond
Published: February 2019

STAT3 is an oncoprotein which has been shown to contribute to drug resistance in multiple myeloma (MM). Nonetheless, the clinical utility of STAT3 inhibitors in treating MM has been limited, partly related to some of their pharmacologic properties. To overcome these challenges, our group had previously packaged STAT3 inhibitors using a novel formulation of nanoparticles (NP) and found encouraging results. In this study, we aimed to further improve the pharmacologic properties of these NP by decorating them with monoclonal anti-CD38 antibodies. NP loaded with S3I-1757 (a STAT3 inhibitor), labeled as S3I-NP, were generated. S3I-NP decorated with anti-CD38 (labeled as CD38-S3I-NP) were found to have a similar nanoparticular size, drug encapsulation, and loading as S3I-NP. The release of S3I-1757 at 24 h was also similar between the two formulations. Using Cy5.5 labeling of the NP, we found that the decoration of anti-CD38 on these NP significantly increased the cellular uptake by two MM cell lines (p < 0.001). Accordingly, CD38-S3I-NP showed a significantly lower inhibitory concentration at 50% (IC50) compared to S3I-NP in two IL6-stimulated MM cell lines (p < 0.001). In a xenograft mouse model, CD38-S3I-NP significantly reduced the tumor size by 4-fold compared to S3I-NP on day 12 after drug administration (p = 0.006). The efficacy of CD38-S3I-NP in suppressing STAT3 phosphorylation in the xenografts was confirmed by using immunocytochemistry and Western blot analysis. In conclusion, our study suggests that the decoration of anti-CD38 on NP loaded with STAT3 inhibitors can further improve their therapeutic effects against MM.
NHC-Catalyzed Organocatalytic Asymmetric Approach to 2,2-Disubstituted Benzofuran-3(2H)-ones Containing Fully Substituted Quaternary Stereogenic Center
Authors: Rafiński Zbigniew
Published: February 2019

A highly efficient and enantioselective approach to the synthesis of functionalized benzofuran-3(2H)-ones is presented. It proceeds via an intramolecular Stetter reaction using β,β-disubstituted Michael acceptors in the construction of five-membered rings with fully-substituted quaternary stereogenic centers and is promoted by terpene-derived triazolium salts. As a result, a series of chiral 2,2-disubstituted benzofuran-3(2H)-one derivatives with linear, branched, and cyclic aliphatic substitutions on the quaternary stereogenic center were obtained in high yields and with excellent enantioselectivities of up to 99% ee.
Lessons from the Discovery of Mitochondrial Fragmentation (Fission): A Review and Update
Authors: Zorov Dmitry B. , Vorobjev Ivan A. , Popkov Vasily A. , Babenko Valentina A. , Zorova Ljubava D. , Pevzner Irina B. , Silachev Denis N. , Zorov Savva D. , Andrianova Nadezda V. , Plotnikov Egor Y.
Published: February 2019

Thirty-five years ago, we described fragmentation of the mitochondrial population in a living cell into small vesicles (mitochondrial fission). Subsequently, this phenomenon has become an object of general interest due to its involvement in the process of oxidative stress-related cell death and having high relevance to the incidence of a pathological phenotype. Tentatively, the key component of mitochondrial fission process is segregation and further asymmetric separation of a mitochondrial body yielding healthy (normally functioning) and impaired (incapable to function in a normal way) organelles with subsequent decomposition and removal of impaired elements through autophagy (mitophagy). We speculate that mitochondria contain cytoskeletal elements, which maintain the mitochondrial shape, and also are involved in the process of intramitochondrial segregation of waste products. We suggest that perturbation of the mitochondrial fission/fusion machinery and slowdown of the removal process of nonfunctional mitochondrial structures led to the increase of the proportion of impaired mitochondrial elements. When the concentration of malfunctioning mitochondria reaches a certain threshold, this can lead to various pathologies, including aging. Overall, we suggest a process of mitochondrial fission to be an essential component of a complex system controlling a healthy cell phenotype. The role of reactive oxygen species in mitochondrial fission is discussed.
Autophagy as a Therapeutic Target to Enhance Aged Muscle Regeneration
Authors: Lee David E. , Bareja Akshay , Bartlett David B. , White James P.
Published: February 2019

Skeletal muscle has remarkable regenerative capacity, relying on precise coordination between resident muscle stem cells (satellite cells) and the immune system. The age-related decline in skeletal muscle regenerative capacity contributes to the onset of sarcopenia, prolonged hospitalization, and loss of autonomy. Although several age-sensitive pathways have been identified, further investigation is needed to define targets of cellular dysfunction. Autophagy, a process of cellular catabolism, is emerging as a key regulator of muscle regeneration affecting stem cell, immune cell, and myofiber function. Muscle stem cell senescence is associated with a suppression of autophagy during key phases of the regenerative program. Macrophages, a key immune cell involved in muscle repair, also rely on autophagy to aid in tissue repair. This review will focus on the role of autophagy in various aspects of the regenerative program, including adult skeletal muscle stem cells, monocytes/macrophages, and corresponding age-associated dysfunction. Furthermore, we will highlight rejuvenation strategies that alter autophagy to improve muscle regenerative function.
Astrocytes Maintain Glutamate Homeostasis in the CNS by Controlling the Balance between Glutamate Uptake and Release
Authors: Mahmoud Shaimaa , Gharagozloo Marjan , Simard Camille , Gris Denis
Published: February 2019

Glutamate is one of the most prevalent neurotransmitters released by excitatory neurons in the central nervous system (CNS); however, residual glutamate in the extracellular space is, potentially, neurotoxic. It is now well-established that one of the fundamental functions of astrocytes is to uptake most of the synaptically-released glutamate, which optimizes neuronal functions and prevents glutamate excitotoxicity. In the CNS, glutamate clearance is mediated by glutamate uptake transporters expressed, principally, by astrocytes. Interestingly, recent studies demonstrate that extracellular glutamate stimulates Ca2+ release from the astrocytes’ intracellular stores, which triggers glutamate release from astrocytes to the adjacent neurons, mostly by an exocytotic mechanism. This released glutamate is believed to coordinate neuronal firing and mediate their excitatory or inhibitory activity. Therefore, astrocytes contribute to glutamate homeostasis in the CNS, by maintaining the balance between their opposing functions of glutamate uptake and release. This dual function of astrocytes represents a potential therapeutic target for CNS diseases associated with glutamate excitotoxicity. In this regard, we summarize the molecular mechanisms of glutamate uptake and release, their regulation, and the significance of both processes in the CNS. Also, we review the main features of glutamate metabolism and glutamate excitotoxicity and its implication in CNS diseases.
Involvement of CXCR4 in Normal and Abnormal Development
Authors: Kawaguchi Nanako , Zhang Ting-Ting , Nakanishi Toshio
Published: February 2019

CXC motif chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) is associated with normal and abnormal development, including oncogenesis. The ligand of CXCR4 is stromal cell-derived factor (SDF), also known as CXC motif ligand (CXCL) 12. Through the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis, both homing and migration of hematopoietic (stem) cells are regulated through niches in the bone marrow. Outside of the bone marrow, however, SDF-1 can recruit CXCR4-positive cells from the bone marrow. SDF/CXCR4 has been implicated in the maintenance and/or differentiation of stemness, and tissue-derived stem cells can be associated with SDF-1 and CXCR4 activity. CXCR4 plays a role in multiple pathways involved in carcinogenesis and other pathologies. Here, we summarize reports detailing the functions of CXCR4. We address the molecular signature of CXCR4 and how this molecule and cells expressing it are involved in either normal (maintaining stemness or inducing differentiation) or abnormal (developing cancer and other pathologies) events. As a constituent of stem cells, the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis influences downstream signal transduction and the cell microenvironment.