bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ СЕРТИНДОЛУ В КРОВІ МЕТОДОМ ФЛУОРЕСЦЕНТНОЇ СПЕКРОСКОПІЇ
Authors: Davydovych S. І. , Halkevych І. Y. , Shamlian О. V.
Published: November 2016

Незважаючи на прогрес у лікуванні психічних захворювань, лікування таким сучасним антипсихотичнимзасобом, як сертиндол досі асоціюється з токсичними і летальними наслідками. У статті наведено результативизначення сертиндолу в крові, використовуючи флуоресціюючі властивості даного препарату. У 96 % етаноліспектр флуоресценції сертиндолу характеризується збудженням молекули при 310 нм і емісією при 345 нм. Векстрактах із крові було визначено до 87 % сертиндолу. Межа кількісного визначення сертиндолу в крові становить12 нг / мл при відносній похибці 2,41 %.
ПОРІВНЯЛЬНІ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ АСОРТИМЕНТУ ЛІКАРСЬКИХ ЗАСОБІВ НА ОСНОВІ РОСЛИННОЇ СИРОВИНИ, ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНОГО НА ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧНИХ РИНКАХ УКРАЇНИ ТА ПОЛЬЩІ
Authors: Denys A. I. , Ivanova А. V. , Hroshovyi T. A.
Published: November 2016

Проведено порівняльне вивчення українського та польського фармацевтичних ринків готових лікарських засобів на основі рослинної сировини. Проаналізовано структуру асортименту досліджуваних препаратів за АТХ класифікацією, країною-виробником, кількістю активних фармацевтичних інгредієнтів, порядком відпуску і лікарською формою.
ІНТЕНСИВНІСТЬ ОКИСНЮВАЛЬНИХ ПРОЦЕСІВ В ОРГАНІЗМІ ЩУРІВ, УРАЖЕНИХ ТЕТРАХЛОРМЕТАНОМ, ПІСЛЯ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ НАСТОЙКИ З ХОСТИ ЛАНЦЕТОЛИСТОЇ
Authors: Lynda O. S. , Ivanusa I. B. , Fira L. S. , Lykhatskyi P. H.
Published: November 2016

В експерименті на тваринах, уражених тетрахлорметаном, доведено антиоксидантні властивості настойки з листя хости ланцетолистої, що проявляється зниженням інтенсифікації процесів перекисного окиснення ліпідів та окиснювальної модифікації білків у сироватці крові та печінці щурів. Під її впливом відбувається зниження вмісту ТБК-активних продуктів та 2,4-динітрофенілгідразонів, підвищення активності каталази, вмісту відновленого глутатіону та зниження вмісту церулоплазміну в ураженому організмі.
ФАРМАЦЕВТИ, УРОДЖЕНЦІ ТЕРНОПІЛЬЩИНИ, НА ЕМІГРАЦІЇ
Authors: Yavorska L. P.
Published: November 2016

Наведені далеко неповні відомості про діяльність кількох фармацевтів у діаспорі - Йосипа Білинського, Богдана Остап'юка, Михайла Лазечка, Юрія Німціва - свідчать про великі успіхи у їх професійній роботі, активну участь у громадсько-політичних і релігійних організаціях, підтримку і пропагування української науки, культури, традицій.
ВАРІАБЕЛЬНІСТЬ СЕРЦЕВОГО РИТМУ В ДІТЕЙ ІЗ ЦЕРВІКОГЕННИМ ГОЛОВНИМ БОЛЕМ.
Authors: Horsha O. V. , Korolenko N. V. , Mykhailenko V. Ye.
Published: November 2016

Мета роботи – вивчення вихідного тонусу ВНС у дітей із цервікогенним головним болем (ЦГБ) на тлі нестабільності в шийному відділі хребта. Було обстежено 40 дітей віком 6–11 років із ЦГБ та 17 практично здорових дітей аналогічного віку і статі. Стан вегетативного тонусу вивчали за показниками варіабельності серцевого ритму (ВСР) методом кардіоінтервалографії. Зміни фонових показників спектральних і часових характеристик ВСР у дітей із ЦГБ свідчили про достовірне (p<0,001) переважання парасимпатичного тонусу та зниження активності симпатоадреналової ланки, підвищення внеску гуморально метаболічних впливів. Дослідження реєструє порушення гомеостатичного рівня вегетативної регуляції у дітей із ЦГБ і обґрунтовує необхідність подальших розробок даної проблеми.
РИЗИКИ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ РЕПРОДУКТИВНОЇ ФУНКЦІЇ У ЖІНОК ІЗ ПОРУШЕННЯМИ МЕНСТРУАЛЬНОЇ ФУНКЦІЇ НА ТЛІ ХРОНІЧНИХ ГЕПАТИТІВ І ШЛЯХИ ЇХ УСУНЕННЯ.
Authors: Lymar L. Ye. , Lymar N. A. , Koblosh N. D.
Published: November 2016

Реалізація репродуктивної функції є серйозною проблемою сьогодення, оскільки впродовж останнього десятиліття спостерігається від’ємний демографічний показник не лише в Україні, а й у багатьох країнах світу. За оцінкою Державної служби статистики України, станом на 1 квітня 2016 р. чисельність наявного населення України становила 42 708 тис. осіб. Дослідження науковців Інституту демографії та соціальних досліджень свідчать, що кількість померлих компенсується новонародженими лише на 52,6 %, що значно звужує передумови сприятливого демографічного розвитку країни у майбутньому. Причини падіння народжуваності не можна зводити лише до економічних негараздів. Для сучасної демографічної ситуації в Україні характерні: різке зменшення народжуваності, збільшення смертності і відсутність природного приросту; постаріння населення, збільшення «навантаження» на працездатну його частину; скорочення тривалості життя як чоловіків, так і жінок; погіршення здоров’я нації. Одним із вагомих факторів зниження репродуктивної функції є порушення менструальної функції (ПМФ) на тлі хронічних гепатитів (ХГ). Нами обстежено 92 жінки репродуктивного віку, які страждають від ПМФ на тлі ХГ різного генезу. Оцінено стан репродуктивного здоров’я, проаналізовані ризики реалізації репродуктивної функції, визначено шляхи їх усунення.
ОПТИМІЗАЦІЯ МЕТОДІВ ДІАГНОСТИКИ ПРИ ЗАТРИМЦІ РОСТУ ПЛОДА У ВАГІТНИХ.
Authors: Ovcharuk V. V.
Published: November 2016

У статті представлені результати пошуку маркерів ранньої діагностики затримки росту плода та оцінка їх ефективності. Проведено дослідження 45 вагітних з затримкою росту плода, що перебували на лікуванні у Тернопільській комунальній міській лікарні № 2. Контрольну групу склали 25 вагітних з фізіологічним перебігом вагітності, які народили живих доношених дітей з масо-ростовими характеристиками відповідно до гестаційного віку. Вивчали стан фетоплацентарного комплексу у вагітних на основі дослідження рівнів гормонів (ПАПП-А, β-хоріонічного гонадотропіну людини (β-ХГЛ), естріолу (Е3), плацентарного лактогену (ПЛ) та прогестерону). Стан внутрішньоутробного плода оцінювали за даними ультразвукового дослідження, кардіотокографії, визначення біофізичного профілю плода. Виявлено, що ранніми ознаками розвитку затримки росту плода є визначення ПАПП, естріолу та хоріонічного гонадотропіну в ранні терміни вагітності та рівні естріолу, прогестерону, плацентарного лактогену в другому триместрі. Використання гравідограми як скринінгового маркера дозволив діагностувати затримку росту й у 95,4 % випадків був підтверджений УЗД та виставлено діагноз затримки росту плода у вагітних. За даними УЗД визначали біометричні маркери затримки росту.
ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНОГО СТАНУ ГОМЕОСТАЗУ ПОСТОВАРІОЕКТОМІЧНОГО СИНДРОМУ В ЖІНОК З ОЖИРІННЯМ.
Authors: Polishchuk I. P.
Published: November 2016

У даній роботі наведено показники стану гомеостазу в жінок з ожирінням ІІ–ІІІ ст. до та після гістерооваріоектомії. У ході дослідження виявлено, що дана категорія становить групу підвищеного ризику розвитку критичних серцево-судинних ускладнень, а проведення гістерооваріоектомії суттєво погіршує їх стан, що дозволяє стверджувати про прямі протипоказання до застосування у даної категорії хворих замісної гормонотерапії естрогенами.
ДОБРОЯКІСНІ ЗАХВОРЮВАННЯ ШИЙКИ МАТКИ: ШЛЯХИ ОПТИМІЗАЦІЇ ДЕСТРУКТИВНИХ МЕТОДІВ ЛІКУВАННЯ.
Authors: Skuriatina N. H.
Published: November 2016

У статті представлені результати порівняльного аналізу використання засобів, які прискорюють репаративні процеси, і препаратів для відновлення мікрофлори піхви після деструктивних методів лікування доброякісної патології шийки матки. Доведена ефективність супозиторіїв з тіотриазоліном і перорального застосування капсул з Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1® і Lactobacillus reuteri RC-14® в оптимізації регенеративних процесів і відновленні нормального біоценозу піхви після різних методів деструкції в комплексному лікуванні доброякісних захворювань шийки матки.
Міні-інвазивні транспапілярні втручання в ургентній аб-домінальній хірургії
Authors: Nychytaylo M. Yu. , Ohorodnyk P. V. , Deinychenko A. H. , Kondratiuk O. P. , Shkarban V. P. , Khil­ko Yu. O. , Lytvyn O. I. , Kondratiuk V. A. , Bura I. B.
Published: November 2016

Вивчено результати ендоскопічного лікування 2305 хворих з холедохолітіазом та іктерогенними пухлинами періампулярної зони, що перебували на лікуванні у відділі лапароскопічної хірургії та холелітіазу з 2010 до 2016 р. З них малоінвазивні транспапілярні втручання при холедохолітіазі виконано у 1690 хворих, при періампулярних пухлинах – у 615 пацієнтів. Ускладнення після ендоскопічних втручань з приводу холедохолітіазу виникли у 7,5 % хворих, при періампулярних пухлинах – у 11,7 % пацієнтів. Усі транспапілярні втручання виконували в ургентному порядку з метою ліквідації явищ гнійного холангіту та обтураційної жовтяниці.
Хірургічне лікування метаболічного синдрому як профілактика розвитку мортальних захворювань
Authors: Mylytsya К. M. , Lavryk О. А. , Bakhrushyn V. Ye.
Published: November 2016

У статті на підставі обстеження 40 пацієнтів у до- і післяопераційному періоді визначено ефективність баріатричних операцій, доведено хірургічну можливість попередження розвитку мортальних ускладнень у пацієнтів із метаболічним синдромом та ожирінням.
Особливості перебігу та лікування гострого поширеного перитоніту онкологічного генезу
Authors: Ivashchuk O. I. , Hushul I. Ya. , Bodyaka V. Yu. , Unhurian V. P. , Postevka I. D.
Published: November 2016

У статті представлено алгоритм хірургічної тактики гострого поширеного перитоніту на тлі раку товстої кишки, розроблений на основі дослідження клінічно-лабораторних особливостей перебігу останнього. Встановлено, що гострий поширений перитоніт, який виник внаслідок ускладнення злоякісного новоутворення товстої кишки, особливо в поєднанні із частковою кишковою непрохідністю, здебільшого є загальним, з великою кількістю (понад 600 мл) серозного перитонеального ексудату, супроводжується недостатністю двох і більше систем органів, а також внутрішньочеревною гіпертензією ІІІ–IV ступенів. Запропонований  алгоритм хірургічної тактики за гострого поширеного перитоніту, на тлі раку товстої кишки, включає застосування бальної шкали вибору методу остаточного або тимчасового закриття черевної порожнини, визначення оптимального терміну виконання лапароперції. За участю 75 пацієнтів доведено ефективність даного алгоритму, а саме відмічається зниження кількості “локальних” післяопераційних ускладнень на 25,7 % (p<0,01), “системних” – на 23,3 % (p<0,05) та післяопераційної летальності – на 20,8 % (p<0,05).
Оптимізація хірургічного лікування хворих на рак яєчників
Authors: Dubinina V. H. , Lukyanchuk O. V. , Rybin A. I. , Kuznetsova O. V. , Mashukov A. O.
Published: November 2016

У статті автори показують власний досвід застосування методики інтраопераційної гіпертермічної інтраперитонеальної хіміоперфузії (HYPEC) у хворих на розповсюджений рак яєчників. На підставі аналізу 25 клінічних випадків автори зазначають, що розроблена методика є інноваційною та ефективною. На фоні багатьох переваг методу не було виявлено відмінностей в токсичності застосовуваних препаратів між традиційною терапією раку яєчників і вдосконаленою методикою із застосуванням HYPEC. Автори вважають, що гіпертермія є одним із можливих механізмів подолання резистентності до платини.
Аналіз торакоскопічних втручань у хворих на спонтанний пневмоторакс
Authors: Bedeniuk A. D. , Мaliovanyi V. V. , Humennyi I. Z. , Duts S. I. , Burak A. Ye.
Published: November 2016

Аналізуючи сучасну літературу, можемо стверджувати про зростання бульозної емфіземи легень,ускладненоїспонтаннимпневмотораксом (СП). Дана патологія виникає переважно в молодих працездатних чоловіків. Причиною спонтанного пневмотораксу в 97,5% випадків є бульозна емфізема легень. У значній більшості випадків дана патологія має рецидивний характер і складає 35–75 %. Лише хірургічне лікування дозволяє усунути причину пневмотораксу та ліквідувати рецидивування ускладнення. Тому загальноприйнятою тактикою лікування в 96 % випадків є атипова або сегментарна резекція легені в зоні бульозної емфіземи. Невеликий об’єм хірургічного втручання вимагає травматичного доступу. У зв’язку з цим малоінвазивні хірургічні втручання стають надзвичайно актуальними.
C1q-TNF-Related Protein-9 Promotes Cardiac Hypertrophy and Failure
Authors: Appari Mahesh , Breitbart Astrid , Brandes Florian , Szaroszyk Malgorzata , Froese Natali , Korf-Klingebiel Mortimer , Mohammadi Mona Malek , Grund Andrea , Scharf Gesine M. , Wang Honghui , Zwadlo Carolin , Fraccarollo Daniela , Schrameck Ulrike , Nemer Mona , Wong G. William , Katus Hugo A. , Wollert Kai C. , Müller Oliver J. , Bauersachs Johann , Heineke Joerg
Published: November 2016

Rationale:

Myocardial endothelial cells promote cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, possibly through the release of growth factors. The identity of these factors, however, remains largely unknown, and we hypothesized here that the secreted CTRP9 (C1q-tumor necrosis factor–related protein-9) might act as endothelial-derived protein to modulate heart remodeling in response to pressure overload.

Objective:

To examine the source of cardiac CTRP9 and its function during pressure overload.

Methods and Results:

CTRP9 was mainly derived from myocardial capillary endothelial cells. CTRP9 mRNA expression was enhanced in hypertrophic human hearts and in mouse hearts after transverse aortic constriction (TAC). CTRP9 protein was more abundant in the serum of patients with severe aortic stenosis and in murine hearts after TAC. Interestingly, heterozygous and especially homozygous knock-out
C1qtnf9
(CTRP9) gene-deleted mice were protected from the development of cardiac hypertrophy, left ventricular dilatation, and dysfunction during TAC. CTRP9 overexpression, in turn, promoted hypertrophic cardiac remodeling and dysfunction after TAC in mice and induced hypertrophy in isolated adult cardiomyocytes. Mechanistically, CTRP9 knock-out mice showed strongly reduced levels of activated prohypertrophic ERK5 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5) during TAC compared with wild-type mice, while CTRP9 overexpression entailed increased ERK5 activation in response to pressure overload. Inhibition of ERK5 by a dominant negative MEK5 mutant or by the ERK5/MEK5 inhibitor BIX02189 blunted CTRP9 triggered hypertrophy in isolated adult cardiomyocytes in vitro and attenuated mouse cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunction in vivo, respectively. Downstream of ERK5, we identified the prohypertrophic transcription factor GATA4, which was directly activated through ERK5-dependent phosphorylation.

Conclusions:

The upregulation of CTRP9 during hypertrophic heart disease facilitates maladaptive cardiac remodeling and left ventricular dysfunction and might constitute a therapeutic target in the future.
Comparison of Drug‐Eluting and Bare Metal Stents in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Lu Renjie , Tang Fenglei , Zhang Yan , Zhu Xishan , Zhu Shanmei , Wang Ganlin , Jiang Yinfeng , Fan Zhengda
Published: November 2016

Background

Drug‐eluting stents (
DES
s) and bare metal stents (
BMS
s) are both recommended to improve coronary revascularization and to treat coronary artery disease in patients with chronic kidney disease (
CKD
). However, the potential superiority of
DES
s over
BMS
s for reducing the incidence of long‐term major adverse cardiovascular events and mortality in
CKD
patients has not been established, and the results remain controversial. We aimed to systematically assess and quantify the total weight of evidence regarding the use of
DES
s versus
BMS
s in
CKD
patients.

Methods and Results

In this systematic review and conventional meta‐analysis, electronic studies published in any language until May 20, 2016, were systematically searched through PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. We included randomized controlled trials and observational studies comparing outcomes in
CKD
patients with
DES
s versus
BMS
s and extracted data in a standard form. Pooled odd ratios and 95% CIs were calculated using random‐ and fixed‐effects models. Finally, 38 studies involving 123 396 patients were included. The use of
DES
s versus
BMS
s was associated with significant reductions in major adverse cardiovascular events (pooled odds ratio 0.75; 95%
CI
, 0.64–0.88;
P
<0.001), all‐cause mortality (odds ratio 0.81; 95%
CI
, 0.73–0.90;
P
<0.001), myocardial infarction, target‐lesion revascularization, and target‐vessel revascularization. The superiority of
DES
s over
BMS
s for improving clinical outcomes was attenuated in randomized controlled trials.

Conclusions

The use of
DES
s significantly improves the above outcomes in
CKD
patients. Nevertheless, large‐sized randomized controlled trials are necessary to determine the real effect on
CKD
patients and whether efficacy differs by type of
DES
.
Lipid‐Free Apolipoprotein A‐I Reduces Progression of Atherosclerosis by Mobilizing Microdomain Cholesterol and Attenuating the Number of CD131 Expressing Cells: Monitoring Cholesterol Homeostasis Using the Cellular Ester to Total Cholesterol Ratio
Authors: Kaul Sushma , Xu Hao , Zabalawi Manal , Maruko Elisa , Fulp Brian E. , Bluemn Theresa , Brzoza‐Lewis Kristina L. , Gerelus Mark , Weerasekera Ranjuna , Kallinger Rachel , James Roland , Zhang Yi (Sherry) , Thomas Michael J. , Sorci‐Thomas Mary G.
Published: November 2016

Background

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disorder whose development is inversely correlated with high‐density lipoprotein concentration. Current therapies involve pharmaceuticals that significantly elevate plasma high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. Our studies were conducted to investigate the effects of low‐dose lipid‐free apolipoprotein A‐I (apoA‐I) on chronic inflammation. The aims of these studies were to determine how subcutaneously injected lipid‐free apoA‐I reduces accumulation of lipid and immune cells within the aortic root of hypercholesterolemic mice without sustained elevations in plasma high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations.

Methods and Results

Ldlr

−/−

and
Ldlr

−/−

apoA‐I

−/−

mice were fed a Western diet for a total of 12 weeks. After 6 weeks, a subset of mice from each group received subcutaneous injections of 200 μg of lipid‐free human apoA‐I 3 times a week, while the other subset received 200 μg of albumin, as a control. Mice treated with lipid‐free apoA‐I showed a decrease in cholesterol deposition and immune cell retention in the aortic root compared with albumin‐treated mice, regardless of genotype. This reduction in atherosclerosis appeared to be directly related to a decrease in the number of
CD
131 expressing cells and the esterified cholesterol to total cholesterol content in several immune cell compartments. In addition, apoA‐I treatment altered microdomain cholesterol composition that shifted
CD
131, the common β subunit of the interleukin 3 receptor, from lipid raft to nonraft fractions of the plasma membrane.

Conclusions

ApoA‐I treatment reduced lipid and immune cell accumulation within the aortic root by systemically reducing microdomain cholesterol content in immune cells. These data suggest that lipid‐free apoA‐I mediates beneficial effects through attenuation of immune cell lipid raft cholesterol content, which affects numerous types of signal transduction pathways that rely on microdomain integrity for assembly and activation.
Evolvability Tradeoffs in Emergent Digital Replicators
Authors: LaBar Thomas , Hintze Arend , Adami Christoph
Published: November 2016

The role of historical contingency in the origin of life is one of the great unknowns in modern science. Only one example of life exists—one that proceeded from a single self-replicating organism (or a set of replicating hypercycles) to the vast complexity we see today in Earth's biosphere. We know that emergent life has the potential to evolve great increases in complexity, but it is unknown if evolvability is automatic given any self-replicating organism. At the same time, it is difficult to test such questions in biochemical systems. Laboratory studies with RNA replicators have had some success with exploring the capacities of simple self-replicators, but these experiments are still limited in both capabilities and scope. Here, we use the digital evolution system Avida to explore the interplay between emergent replicators (rare randomly assembled self-replicators) and evolvability. We find that we can classify fixed-length emergent replicators in Avida into two classes based on functional analysis. One class is more evolvable in the sense of optimizing the replicators' replication abilities. However, the other class is more evolvable in the sense of acquiring evolutionary innovations. We tie this tradeoff in evolvability to the structure of the respective classes' replication machinery, and speculate on the relevance of these results to biochemical replicators.
The Text-Critical Utility of the Peshitta to Ezekiel in View of Recent Research
Authors: Mushayabasa Godwin
Published: November 2016

Following recent studies demonstrating that the Peshitta to Ezekiel is largely a translation that was rendered at the level of semantic frames or the idiomatic level, the logical question to be asked from the point of view of textual criticism of the Hebrew Bible is whether such a translation would be useful at all within that discipline. Traditionally, a version that is considered ideal and useful for the textual criticism of the Bible is one whose translation technique is as literal as possible. Studying some difficult texts in the light of the idiomatic approach inpeshows thatpecan still provide meaningful contribution to the text-critical study of the book of Ezekiel, though not in every instance. There are instances where the process of translation inpecould have made the base text difficult to retrace.pecan therefore be used in the study of Ezekiel, with some precautions.
Playing with Words and Identity
Authors: Notarius Tania
Published: November 2016

In this paper I reexamine three expressions in Amos’ visions: לָרִב בָּאֵשׁ (Am 7:4), אֲנָךְ (Am 7:7-8), and קֵץ/קַיץִ (Am 8:1-2). I suggest to understand לָרִב בָּאֵשׁ in Am 7:4 ‘to inundate with fire’ postulating the root ריבii(parallel to רבב) ‘to bring much water’, etymologically and literarily connecting this expression to the Meribah account. For אֲנךְָ in Am 7:7-8 I substantiate the word-play that incorporates an allusion to 1cs personal pronoun, investigating the involved dialectal Northern Hebrew phenomena in their wider North-West Semitic context: the final vowel reduction in *ˀanākuand the phonetic shiftsō>ū>ī, á>o, andś>š. For the word-play קֵץ/קַיִץ in Am 8:1-2 I elaborate on its phonetic properties, concentrating on the word-final gemination and the short vowel quality in the lexeme *qiṣṣ. The latter case allows postulating the typological path of the corresponding phonetic development: the diphthong contraction →í>ēin an originally open syllable →í//éallophonism in a double closed syllable → final gemination simplification. As a result, several isoglosses that explicitly separate between Northern and Southern dialects of Hebrew are firmly established: the shorter form of 1cs pronounˀanōkvsˀanōkīand the “Phoenician shift”. The conclusion is that the Northern dialect is close to the Canaanite innovative center, while the Southern dialect represents the conservative periphery.
פרא אדם/‘An Onager Man’ (Gen 16:12α) as a Metaphor of Social Oppression
Authors: Kozlova Ekaterina E.
Published: November 2016

This essay focuses on the presentation of Ishmael as an ‘onager man’ in Gen 16:12α and shows that conventional readings of Ishmael’s profile are wrong about the direction in which aggression is channelled in his material—he is not the aggressor, he is on the receiving end of aggression. It argues that the first statement in the oracle in Gen 16:12α receives its resolution in the act of Abraham’s banishment of Ishmael in Gen 21. This reading is predicated on the fact that animalisation was a widely-used cultural tool of mediating violence (political, economic, and social) with onagers representing a lowest register of the abused and disadvantaged segments of ancient societies (cf. Job 24, 30; Sir 13). In addition, it shows that animals, equids in particular, are featured in contexts of socially unacceptable types of interments, and Ishmael’s designation as an onager points to his disinheritance and ‘non-burial’ in Gen 21.
Judicial Globalization, Europeanization and (G)localization: Evidence from the Balkans
Authors: Coman Ramona , Commaille Jacques
Published: November 2016

Over the last decades, academic interest in judicial globalization and judicial reforms has increased. The literature has gone through three distinctive waves of research. One part of this literature examines judicial reforms from a top-down perspective, revealing the origins and evolution of European/international prescriptions related to rule of law consolidation. By looking at the motivations and actions on the ground, another strand of the existing research examines the effects of these prescriptions at the domestic level. In addition, in recent years, a more reflexive and critical approach to judicial reforms has emerged, questioning not only the modest outcomes of these reforms but also the limitations of the international rule of law community in promoting them. This introductory article reviews this growing body of studies, highlighting the main findings and pointing out new avenues for research. In its final section, it provides an overview of the lines of reasoning and the content of this special issue. Overall, it endeavors to shed more light on judicial reforms in the region and to promote this research agenda, which implies to examine the complex relationship between judicial globalization, Europeanization and glocalization.
Managing Mosques in the Netherlands
Authors: Verkaaik Oskar , Tamimi Arab Pooyan
Published: November 2016

This article engages with the emergent ethnographical study of secular practice by focusing on how local bureaucracies manage the Muslim public presence in the Netherlands, particularly the construction of new mosques and the amplifying of the Muslim call to prayer. We argue that what started as the ‘Islam debate’, itself provoked by growing populist articulations of the fear of Islam, has gradually developed into a conflict in the practice of local governance about the meaning of secularism. Whereas the public and political debate about mosque issues is often dominated by what we call a ‘culturalist’ or ‘nativist’ form of secularism, in practice bureaucrats are often led by a ‘constitutional secularism’ that protects the constitutional rights of Dutch Muslims. Thus, in its practical application, constitutional secularism is one way of tackling Islamophobia and protecting the rights of religious minorities in general. Moving beyond the genealogical study and the deconstructivist critique of secularism by such authors as Talal Asad and Wendy Brown, we show that the ethnographic study of actual secular practice remains crucially important to avoiding monolithic text-based understandings of the secular as inherently dominating the religious.
A new species of Blakea (Blakeeae, Melastomataceae) from Ecuador
Authors: FERNÁNDEZ-FERNÁNDEZ DIANA , ULLOA ULLOA CARMEN , PENNEYS DARIN S.
Published: November 2016

A new species, Blakea nangaritzana D. Fernández, C. Ulloa & Penneys from Nangaritza canton, Zamora-Chinchipe, southern Ecuador is described and illustrated. It differs from all other species of the genus by the character combination of terrestrial trees up to 25 m tall, outer and inner floral bracts free, narrowly oblanceolate to linear, hypanthium ca. 7 × 8 mm, and calyx lobes 4–5 mm long.
Guide to the Parasites of Fishes of Canada Part V: Nematoda
Authors: ARAI HISAO P. , SMITH JOHN W.
Published: November 2016

Keys are provided for the identification of the nematode species known to be parasites of Canadian fishes. The nematodes are described and illustrated, with a note of the site(s) they occupy in named fish host(s) and their geographical distribution. Parasite records are given by author and date, full details of which can be found in a bibliography of over 800 references. Diagnoses and keys for 22 Families, 47 genera and 88 species of nematodes are also given, together with a glossary of terms, a host-parasite list, and indices to both nematode parasites and hosts.
Bathyal Mollusca from the cold-water coral biotope of Santa Maria di Leuca (Apulian margin, southern Italy)
Authors: NEGRI MAURO PIETRO , CORSELLI CESARE
Published: November 2016

This paper describes 97 molluskan species (45 Bivalvia, 3 Scaphopoda, 49 Gastropoda) recovered from bathyal bottoms off Santa Maria di Leuca (Puglia, Italy), in the northern Ionian Sea, and provides data about their taxonomy, geographical distribution, habitat, ecological requirements and fossil record. Only 6 species remain unidentified, and all are illustrated. The bivalve-dominated assemblages belong to the so-called “cold-water coral ecosystem”. They appear to depend mainly on substrate characteristics, with faunas related to hard substrate around coral-colonized mound tops, and mud-related ones in inter-mound areas, respectively. Nuculanoida and Pectinoidea among bivalves, and Conoidea and Pyramidelloidea among gastropods are the most diverse suprafamilial groups. The present paper is the first comprehensive taxonomic overview of Mediterranean bathyal mollusks including larval shell characters.
The Glyptothorax of Sundaland: a revisionary study (Teleostei: Sisoridae)
Authors: NG HEOK HEE , KOTTELAT MAURICE
Published: November 2016

The species of Glyptothorax of Sundaic Southeast Asia (Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo and Java) are revised in this study. A total of 17 species are recognized, of which six (G. amnestus, G. decussatus, G. famelicus, G. keluk, G. pictus and G. stibaros) are described as new here. A lectotype is designated for G. platypogon. The Sundaic Glyptothorax species are diagnosed by combinations of color pattern, morphometry (with particular regard to the eye, head, body depth, and caudal peduncle), dorsal-spine and thoracic adhesive apparatus morphology.
Incorporating Snow Albedo Feedback into Downscaled Temperature and Snow Cover Projections for California’s Sierra Nevada
Authors: Walton Daniel B. , Hall Alex , Berg Neil , Schwartz Marla , Sun Fengpeng
Published: November 2016

California’s Sierra Nevada is a high-elevation mountain range with significant seasonal snow cover. Under anthropogenic climate change, amplification of the warming is expected to occur at elevations near snow margins due to snow albedo feedback. However, climate change projections for the Sierra Nevada made by global climate models (GCMs) and statistical downscaling methods miss this key process. Dynamical downscaling simulates the additional warming due to snow albedo feedback. Ideally, dynamical downscaling would be applied to a large ensemble of 30 or more GCMs to project ensemble-mean outcomes and intermodel spread, but this is far too computationally expensive. To approximate the results that would occur if the entire GCM ensemble were dynamically downscaled, a hybrid dynamical–statistical downscaling approach is used. First, dynamical downscaling is used to reconstruct the historical climate of the 1981–2000 period and then to project the future climate of the 2081–2100 period based on climate changes from five GCMs. Next, a statistical model is built to emulate the dynamically downscaled warming and snow cover changes for any GCM. This statistical model is used to produce warming and snow cover loss projections for all available CMIP5 GCMs. These projections incorporate snow albedo feedback, so they capture the local warming enhancement (up to 3°C) from snow cover loss that other statistical methods miss. Capturing these details may be important for accurately projecting impacts on surface hydrology, water resources, and ecosystems.
CAM-SE–CSLAM: Consistent Coupling of a Conservative Semi-Lagrangian Finite-Volume Method with Spectral Element Dynamics
Authors: Lauritzen Peter Hjort , Taylor Mark A. , Overfelt James , Ullrich Paul A. , Nair Ramachandran D. , Goldhaber Steve , Kelly Rory
Published: November 2016

An algorithm to consistently couple a conservative semi-Lagrangian finite-volume transport scheme with a spectral element (SE) dynamical core is presented. The semi-Lagrangian finite-volume scheme is the Conservative Semi-Lagrangian Multitracer (CSLAM), and the SE dynamical core is the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR)’s Community Atmosphere Model–Spectral Elements (CAM-SE). The primary motivation for coupling CSLAM with CAM-SE is to accelerate tracer transport for multitracer applications. The coupling algorithm result is an inherently mass-conservative, shape-preserving, and consistent (for a constant mixing ratio, the CSLAM solution reduces to the SE solution for air mass) transport that is efficient and accurate. This is achieved by first deriving formulas for diagnosing SE airmass flux through the CSLAM control volume faces. Thereafter, the upstream Lagrangian CSLAM areas are iteratively perturbed to match the diagnosed SE airmass flux, resulting in an equivalent upstream Lagrangian grid that spans the sphere without gaps or overlaps (without using an expensive search algorithm). This new CSLAM algorithm is not specific to airmass fluxes provided by CAM-SE but applies to any airmass fluxes that satisfy the Lipshitz criterion and for which the Courant number is less than one.
Using a Sequence of Earcons to Monitor Multiple Simulated Patients
Authors: Hickling Anna , Brecknell Birgit , Loeb Robert G. , Sanderson Penelope
Published: November 2016

Objective:

The aim of this study was to determine whether a sequence of earcons can effectively convey the status of multiple processes, such as the status of multiple patients in a clinical setting.

Background:

Clinicians often monitor multiple patients. An auditory display that intermittently conveys the status of multiple patients may help.

Method:

Nonclinician participants listened to sequences of 500-ms earcons that each represented the heart rate (HR) and oxygen saturation (SpO2) levels of a different simulated patient. In each sequence, one, two, or three patients had an abnormal level of HR and/or SpO2. In Experiment 1, participants reported which of nine patients in a sequence were abnormal. In Experiment 2, participants identified the vital signs of one, two, or three abnormal patients in sequences of one, five, or nine patients, where the interstimulus interval (ISI) between earcons was 150 ms. Experiment 3 used the five-sequence condition of Experiment 2, but the ISI was either 150 ms or 800 ms.

Results:

Participants reported which patient(s) were abnormal with median 95% accuracy. Identification accuracy for vital signs decreased as the number of abnormal patients increased from one to three, p < .001, but accuracy was unaffected by number of patients in a sequence. Overall, identification accuracy was significantly higher with an ISI of 800 ms (89%) compared with an ISI of 150 ms (83%), p < .001.

Conclusion:

A multiple-patient display can be created by cycling through earcons that represent individual patients.

Application:

The principles underlying the multiple-patient display can be extended to other vital signs, designs, and domains.
Use of adjectives in Catalan: A morphological characterization in different genres and modes of production through school-age development
Authors: Cutillas Laia , Tolchinsky Liliana
Published: November 2016

Adjectives, like nouns and verbs, are one of the three major classes of lexical words. But, unlike nouns and verbs, they emerge late in acquisition. In Catalan, as in many other languages, their use is closely linked to the literate lexicon learned at school-age. Thus, the use of adjectives can be a good indicator of later language development. The goal of this study is twofold: to characterize the use of adjectives from age 9 to adulthood and to examine the effect of discourse genre (expository and narrative) and mode of production (spoken and written) on frequency of use and word-internal morphological structure. The study takes a corpus-based approach and uses the GRERLI-CAT1 corpus, which contains 316 expository and narrative spoken and written texts produced by 79 Spanish/Catalan bilinguals whose home language is Catalan, at four age and schooling levels: primary school (9- to 10-year-olds), secondary school (12- to 13-year-olds), sixth form (16- to 18-year-olds) and university (adults). Results show that the use of adjectives expands through school-age and especially from sixth form onwards, presenting an increasing pattern. An effect of genre and mode of production on the target features was also detected. Expository texts contain significantly more adjectives per text and clause and lower-frequency adjectives than narrative texts. Written texts contain significantly more adjectives, and lower-frequency and longer adjectives, than spoken texts. Age interacts with mode of production in the use and morphological complexity of adjectives. The four text types analysed (spoken expository, written expository, spoken narrative and written narrative) present a complexity cline, from written expository texts to spoken narratives through spoken expository texts and written narratives.
Meeting the Challenges of Longitudinal Cluster-Based Trials in Schools: Lessons From the Chicago Trial of Positive Action
Authors: Lewis Kendra M. , DuBois David L. , Ji Peter , Day Joseph , Silverthorn Naida , Bavarian Niloofar , Vuchinich Samuel , Acock Alan , Malloy Margaret , Schure Marc , Flay Brian R.
Published: November 2016

We describe challenges in the 6-year longitudinal cluster randomized controlled trial (CRCT) of Positive Action (PA), a social–emotional and character development (SECD) program, conducted in 14 low-income, urban Chicago Public Schools. Challenges pertained to logistics of study planning (school recruitment, retention of schools during the trial, consent rates, assessment of student outcomes, and confidentiality), study design (randomization of a small number of schools), fidelity (implementation of PA and control condition activities), and evaluation (restricted range of outcomes, measurement invariance, statistical power, student mobility, and moderators of program effects). Strategies used to address the challenges within each of these areas are discussed. Incorporation of lessons learned from this study may help to improve future evaluations of longitudinal CRCTs, especially those that involve evaluation of school-based interventions for minority populations and urban areas.
A Mobile Life: John Urry, 1946–2016
Authors: Adey Peter
Published: November 2016

John Urry (1946–2016) was an extraordinary, generous and compelling force. As is evident in the hundreds of tributes and testimonials to his memory gathered already, his work influenced so many people through his talks at conferences, his published words in the pages of journals and his many books, and in conversations across viva examination tables, PhD juries and supervisory meetings. This essay remembers John’s contribution to the study of mobility and spatial theory more generally.
Caring for Debts: How the Household Economy Exposes the Limits of Financialisation
Authors: Montgomerie Johnna , Tepe-Belfrage Daniela
Published: November 2016

This article uses the United Kingdom as a case study to explore the limits of financialisation. It makes visible the increasingly intimate relationship between financialisation, indebtedness and social reproduction under the conditions of neoliberal austerity (Fraser, 2014). It does so by unpacking how the everyday experiences of indebtedness materialise among individuals, households and communities. Specifically, we investigate debt’s significance within the household economy by analysing the everyday talk within ‘debt threads’ from leading peer-to-peer forums (Stanley, 2014, Stanley et al., 2016). The evidence reveals how debt interferes with and disrupts the intimacies of life, and in doing so erodes its own moral economic claim as a priority obligation within the household economy. These are the limits of financialisation because if debts are not ‘cared for’ they are non-performing. And, non-performing loans – as it turns out – cause catastrophic failures in financialised global markets. This alone makes understanding the household economy relevant to why neoliberalism is failing.
Kinetic energy storage using a dual-braking system for an unmanned parallel hybrid electric vehicle
Authors: Suntharalingam Piranavan , Economou John T , Knowles Kevin
Published: November 2016

In this paper a novel regenerative dual-braking strategy is proposed for utility and goods delivery unmanned vehicles on public roads, which improves their ability to recover regenerative energy and consequently improves the fuel use of parallel hybrid powertrain configurations for land unmanned vehicles where the priority is not comfort but extension of their range. Furthermore, the analysis takes into account the power-handling ability of the electric motor and the power converters. In previous research, a plethora of regenerative braking strategies have been reported; in this paper, the key contribution is that the vehicle electric regeneration is related to a fixed braking distance in relation to the energy storage capabilities specifically for unmanned utility-type land vehicles where passenger comfort is not a concern but pedestrian safety is of critical importance. Furthermore, the power converter capabilities of the vehicle facilitate the process of extending the braking time by introducing a variable-deceleration profile. The proposed approach has therefore resulted in a regenerative algorithm which improves the energy storage capability of the vehicle without considering the comfort since this analysis is applicable to unmanned vehicles. The algorithm considers the distance as the key parameter, which is associated with safety; therefore, it allows the braking time period to be extended, thus favouring the electric motor generation process while maintaining safety. This method allows the vehicle to brake for longer periods rather than for short bursts, hence resulting in more effective regeneration with reduced use of the dual system (i.e. the caliper–stepper motor brake system). The regeneration method and analysis are addressed in this paper. The simulation results show that the proposed regenerative braking strategy improved the ability of the hybrid powertrain configuration to recover energy significantly. The paper is also supported by experimental data that verify the theoretical development and the simulation results. The two strategies developed and implemented utilize a constant braking torque and a constant braking power. Both methods were limited to a fixed safety-based distance. Overall, the results demonstrate that the constant-braking-torque method results in better energy-based savings.
Vegetation shifts, human impact and peat bog development in Bassa Nera pond (Central Pyrenees) during the last millennium
Authors: Garcés-Pastor Sandra , Cañellas-Boltà Núria , Clavaguera Albert , Calero Miguel Angel , Vegas-Vilarrúbia Teresa
Published: November 2016

High-mountain lakes are suitable ecosystems for studying local environmental shifts driven by large-scale climate changes, with potential applications to predict future scenarios. The precise features in the response of species assemblages are not fully understood, and human pressure may often hide climatic signals. To investigate the origin and impact of past environmental changes in high-mountain ecosystems and apply this palaeoecological knowledge to anticipate future changes, we performed a multi-proxy study of a sediment core from Bassa Nera, a pond located close to montane–subalpine ecotone in the southern central Pyrenees. Combining pollen and diatom analysis at multidecadal resolution, we inferred vegetation shifts and peat bog development during the past millennium. We introduced a montane pollen ratio as a new palaeoecological indicator of altitudinal shifts in vegetation. Our results emphasize the sensitivity of the montane ratio to detect upward migrations of deciduous forest and the presence of the montane belt close to Bassa Nera pond during the Medieval Climate Anomaly. Changes in aquatic taxa allowed to date the onset of the surrounding peat bog which appeared and infilled the coring site around AD 1565. Overall, our results suggest a low-intensity human pressure and changes in management of natural resources during the last millennium, where farming was the main activity from the Medieval Climate Anomaly until AD 1500. Afterwards, people turned to highland livestock raising coinciding with the ‘Little Ice Age’.
End of Life Care: A Scoping Review of Experiences of Advance Care Planning for People with Dementia
Authors: Jones Kerry , Birchley Giles , Huxtable Richard , Clare Linda , Walter Tony , Dixon Jeremy
Published: November 2016

Despite increasing attention given to dementia by international governments and policy makers, the focus of end of life care has been on the dying trajectory of malignant disease. People with severe dementia have complex physical and psychological needs, yet the disease is not always recognised as terminal. Advance Care Planning involving people with dementia and their families can provide opportunities to discuss and later, initiate timely palliative care.

We conducted a scoping review of studies exploring decisions associated with the EoLC of people with dementia. Eligible studies had to report on decision making at the end of life and by whom (the dying person, clinician/health professional or relative/family member).

Twenty-five eligible studies reported on Advance Care Planning and end of life care decisions for individuals with dementia. The papers highlight several challenges that need to be addressed in order to provide adequate and effective care for people with dementia as they near the end of their life.
The invisible norm: An exploration of the intersections of sport, gender and leadership
Authors: Ryan Irene , Dickson Geoff
Published: November 2016

The gender leadership problem is not the underrepresentation of women, but the dominant presence of groups of men and valued forms of masculinities. We argue that critical leadership studies would benefit by considering sport to explain the nuanced relationships between leadership, sport, men and masculinity and the ensuing invisible norms that marginalise women. In doing so, we respond to calls for critical leadership scholars to examine situated power relations in more reflexive and innovative ways. Sport influences, and is influenced by, the inequalities of gender, class, age and race. The intersection of sport, leadership and gender provides an otherwise unavailable insight into what is normalised, men and the masculine subtext of leadership We examine New Zealand’s relationship with Rugby Union to achieve both of these aims. We conclude that Rugby is anything but benign or irrelevant when it comes to understanding gender and leadership in New Zealand.
Development of the Assessment of Coach Emotions systematic observation instrument: A tool to evaluate coaches’ emotions in the youth sport context
Authors: Allan Veronica , Turnnidge Jennifer , Vierimaa Matthew , Davis Paul , Côté Jean
Published: November 2016

Current research on emotions in sport focuses heavily on athletes’ intrapersonal emotion regulation; however, interpersonal consequences of emotion regulation are garnering recent attention. As leaders in sport, coaches have the opportunity to regulate not only their own emotions, but also those of athletes, officials, and spectators. As such, the present study set out to develop an observational tool, demonstrating evidence of validity and reliability, for measuring coaches’ overt emotions in the youth sport context. Categories were derived and refined through extensive literature and video review, resulting in 12 categories of behavioural content and eight emotion modifiers ( Neutral, Happy, Affectionate, Alert, Tense, Anxious, Angry and Disappointed). The final coding system is presented herein, complete with supporting evidence for validity and reliability. As a tool for both researchers and practitioners in sport, the Assessment of Coach Emotions (ACE) offers enhanced insight into the contextual qualities underlying coaches’ interactive behaviours.