bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contextual barriers and enablers to establishing an addiction-focused consultation team for hospitalized adults with opioid use disorder
Authors: Evans Sandra K. , Ober Allison J. , Korn Ariella R. , Peltz Alex , Friedmann Peter D. , Page Kimberly , Murray-Krezan Cristina , Huerta Sergio , Ryzewicz Stephen J. , Tarhuni Lina , Nuckols Teryl K. , E. Watkins Katherine , Danovitch Itai
Published: April 2024

Background

Hospitalization presents an opportunity to begin people with opioid use disorder (OUD) on medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) and link them to care after discharge; regrettably, people admitted to the hospital with an underlying OUD typically do not receive MOUD and are not connected with subsequent treatment for their condition. To address this gap, we launched a multi-site randomized controlled trial to test the effectiveness of a hospital-based addiction consultation team (the Substance Use Treatment and Recovery Team (START)) consisting of an addiction medicine specialist and care manager team that provide collaborative care and a specified intervention to people with OUD during the inpatient stay. Successful implementation of new practices can be impacted by organizational context, though no previous studies have examined context prior to implementation of addiction consultation services (ACS). This study assessed pre-implementation context for implementing a specialized ACS and tailoring it accordingly.

Methods

We conducted semi-structured interviews with hospital administrators, physicians, physician assistants, nurses, and social workers at the three study sites between April and August 2021 before the launch of the pragmatic trial. Using an analytical framework based on the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, we completed a thematic analysis of interview data to understand potential barriers or enablers and perceptions about acceptability and feasibility.

Results

We interviewed 28 participants across three sites. The following themes emerged across sites: (1) START is an urgently needed model for people with OUD; (2) Intervention adaptations are recommended to meet local and cultural needs; (3) Linking people with OUD to community clinicians is a highly needed component of START; (4) It is important to engage stakeholders across departments and roles throughout implementation. Across sites, participants generally saw a need for change from usual care to support people with OUD, and thought the START was acceptable and feasible to implement. Differences among sites included tailoring the START to support the needs of varying patient populations and different perceptions of the prevalence of OUD.

Conclusions

Hospitals planning to implement an ACS in the inpatient setting may wish to engage in a systematic pre-implementation contextual assessment using a similar framework to understand and address potential barriers and contextual factors that may impact implementation. Pre-implementation work can help ensure the ACS and other new practices fit within each unique hospital context.
Training health professionals to reduce overreporting of birthing people who use drugs to child welfare
Authors: Roberts Sarah C. M. , Taylor Kimá Joy , Alexander Karen , Goodman Daisy , Martinez Noelle , Terplan Mishka
Published: April 2024

Background

Health care providers are a key source of reports of infants to child welfare related to birthing people’s substance use. Many of these reports are overreports, or reports that exceed what is legally mandated, and reflect racial bias. We developed and evaluated a webinar for health professionals to address overreporting related to birthing people’s substance use.

Methods

This evaluation study collected data from health professionals registering to participate in a professional education webinar about pregnancy, substance use, and child welfare reporting. It collected baseline data upon webinar registration, immediate post-webinar data, and 6 month follow-up data. Differences in both pre-post-and 6 month follow-up data were used to examine changes from before to after the webinars in beliefs, attitudes, and practices related to pregnant and birthing people who use drugs and child welfare reporting.

Results

592 nurses, social workers, physicians, public health professionals, and other health professionals completed the baseline survey. More than half of those completing the baseline survey (n = 307, 52%) completed one or both follow-up surveys. We observed statistically significant changes in five of the eleven opioid attitudes/beliefs and in four of the nine child welfare attitudes/beliefs from baseline to follow-ups, and few changes in “control statements,” i.e. beliefs we did not expect to change based on webinar participation. All of the changes were in the direction of less support for child welfare reporting. In particular, the proportion agreeing with the main evaluation outcome of “I would rather err on the side of overreporting to child welfare than underreporting to child welfare” decreased from 41% at baseline to 28% and 31% post-webinar and at 6-month follow up (p = 0.001). In addition, fewer participants endorsed reporting everyone at the 6 month follow-up than at baseline (12% to 22%) and more participants endorsed reporting no one at the 6-month follow-up than at baseline (28% to 18%), p = 0.013.

Conclusions

Webinars on the legal, scientific, and ethical aspects of reporting that are co-developed with people with lived experience may be a path to reducing health professional overreporting to child welfare related to birthing people’s substance use.
Identification and expression analysis of two steamer-like retrotransposons in the Chilean blue mussel (Mytilus chilensis)
Authors: Arriagada Gloria , Quezada Johan , Merino-Veliz Nicolas , Avilés Fernando , Tapia-Cammas Diana , Gomez Jorge , Curotto Daniela , Valdes Juan A. , Oyarzún Pablo A. , Gallardo-Escárate Cristian , Metzger Michael J. , Alvarez Marco
Published: April 2024

Background

Disseminated neoplasia (DN) is a proliferative cell disorder of the circulatory system of bivalve mollusks. The disease is transmitted between individuals and can also be induced by external chemical agents such as bromodeoxyuridine. In Mya arenaria, we have cloned and characterized an LTR-retrotransposon named Steamer. Steamer mRNA levels and gene copy number correlates with DN and can be used as a marker of the disease. So far, the only mollusk where a retrotransposon expression relates to DN is Mya arenaria. On the other hand, it has been reported that the Chilean blue mussel Mytilus chilensis can also suffers DN. Our aim was to identify retrotransposons in Mytilus chilensis and to study their expression levels in the context of disseminated neoplasia.

Results

Here we show that 7.1% of individuals collected in August 2018, from two farming areas, presents morphological characteristics described in DN. Using Steamer sequence to interrogate the transcriptome of M. chilensis we found two putative retrotransposons, named Steamer-like elements (MchSLEs). MchSLEs are present in the genome of M. chilensis and MchSLE1 is indeed an LTR-retrotransposon. Neither expression, nor copy number of the reported MchSLEs correlate with DN status but both are expressed at different levels among individual animals. We also report that in cultured M. chilensis haemocytes MchSLEs1 expression can be induced by bromodeoxyuridine.

Conclusions

We conclude that SLEs present in Mytilus chilensis are differentially expressed among individuals and do not correlate with disseminated neoplasia. Treatment of haemocytes with a stressor like bromodeoxyuridine induces expression of MchSLE1 suggesting that in Mytilus chilensis environmental stressors can induce activation of LTR-retrotransposon.
Genomic and environmental controls on Castellaniella biogeography in an anthropogenically disturbed subsurface
Authors: Goff Jennifer L. , Szink Elizabeth G. , Durrence Konnor L. , Lui Lauren M. , Nielsen Torben N. , Kuehl Jennifer V. , Hunt Kristopher A. , Chandonia John-Marc , Huang Jiawen , Thorgersen Michael P. , Poole Farris L. , Stahl David A. , Chakraborty Romy , Deutschbauer Adam M. , Arkin Adam P. , Adams Michael W. W.
Published: April 2024

Castellaniella species have been isolated from a variety of mixed-waste environments including the nitrate and multiple metal-contaminated subsurface at the Oak Ridge Reservation (ORR). Previous studies examining microbial community composition and nitrate removal at ORR during biostimulation efforts reported increased abundances of members of the Castellaniella genus concurrent with increased denitrification rates. Thus, we asked how genomic and abiotic factors control the Castellaniella biogeography at the site to understand how these factors may influence nitrate transformation in an anthropogenically impacted setting. We report the isolation and characterization of several Castellaniella strains from the ORR subsurface. Five of these isolates match at 100% identity (at the 16S rRNA gene V4 region) to two Castellaniella amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), ASV1 and ASV2, that have persisted in the ORR subsurface for at least 2 decades. However, ASV2 has consistently higher relative abundance in samples taken from the site and was also the dominant blooming denitrifier population during a prior biostimulation effort. We found that the ASV2 representative strain has greater resistance to mixed metal stress than the ASV1 representative strains. We attribute this resistance, in part, to the large number of unique heavy metal resistance genes identified on a genomic island in the ASV2 representative genome. Additionally, we suggest that the relatively lower fitness of ASV1 may be connected to the loss of the nitrous oxide reductase (nos) operon (and associated nitrous oxide reductase activity) due to the insertion at this genomic locus of a mobile genetic element carrying copper resistance genes. This study demonstrates the value of integrating genomic, environmental, and phenotypic data to characterize the biogeography of key microorganisms in contaminated sites.
Exploring patients’ experience using PROMs within routine post-discharge follow-up assessment after stroke: a mixed methods approach
Authors: Mourits B.M.P. , den Hartog S.J. , de Graaf J.A. , Roozenbeek B. , Post M.W.M. , Visser-Meily J.M.A. , Scholten E.W.M.
Published: April 2024

Background

Patient Reported Outcomes Measures (PROMs) are being used increasingly to measure health problems in stroke clinical practice. However, the implementation of these PROMs in routine stroke care is still in its infancy. To understand the value of PROMs used in ischemic stroke care, we explored the patients’ experience with PROMs and with the consultation at routine post-discharge follow-up after stroke.

Methods

In this prospective mixed methods study, patients with ischemic stroke completed an evaluation questionnaire about the use of PROMs and about their consultation in two Dutch hospitals. Additionally, telephone interviews were held to gain in-depth information about their experience with PROMs.

Results

In total, 63 patients completed the evaluation questionnaire of which 10 patients were also interviewed. Most patients (82.2–96.6%) found completing the PROMs to be feasible and relevant. Half the patients (49.2–51.6%) considered the PROMs useful for the consultation and most patients (87.3–96.8%) reported the consultation as a positive experience. Completing the PROMs provided 51.6% of the patients with insight into their stroke-related problems. Almost 75% of the patients found the PROMs useful in giving the healthcare provider greater insight, and 60% reported discussing the PROM results during the consultation. Interviewed patients reported the added value of PROMs, particularly when arranging further care, in gaining a broader insight into the problems, and in ensuring all important topics were discussed during the consultation.

Conclusions

Completing PROMs appears to be feasible for patients with stroke attending post-discharge consultation; the vast majority of patients experienced added value for themselves or the healthcare provider. We recommend that healthcare providers discuss the PROM results with their patients to improve the value of PROMs for the patient. This could also improve the willingness to complete PROMs in the future.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the pathologic diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer in a university hospital in Brazil
Authors: Isaac Rodrigo Cordon , Trigo Gabrielly Alves , Zullo Sérgio Antonio , Gobbi Helenice
Published: April 2024

Purpose

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the need for extraordinary restrictions and adjustments in health services, which may have compromised cancer screening and oncological treatments. The aim of our retrospective study was to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on breast cancer pathologic diagnosis, presentation, and treatment in a university hospital in Brazil.

Materials and methods

We extracted data from the medical records of all patients who were diagnosed with breast cancer and underwent treatment in a Southeast University Hospital in Brazil from March to December between 2018 and 2021. The primary objective was to compare breast cancer diagnosis, stage, and oncology treatments during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020–2021) with a prepandemic control cohort (2018–2019).

Results

We collected data for 116 patients and 500 breast surgical specimens. There was a -12% decline in the diagnosis of new cases of breast cancer during the pandemic. The decrease was most pronounced when comparing 2019 and 2020 (-50%), and a recovery in the number of diagnoses was noted in 2021 compared to 2019 (+ 7.1%). In terms of therapeutic surgical approaches, an increase of 29.73% occurred during the pandemic period. The increase was most pronounced when comparing 2018 and 2020 (+ 41.18%). Overall, stage distribution and other tumor characteristics did not show statistically significant differences between the pandemic and prepandemic cohorts.

Conclusions

Our results showed a decrease in the number of new breast cancer diagnoses (-12%) during the pandemic compared to the prepandemic period. However, the number of therapeutic surgical approaches performed increased, and a recovery in the number of breast cancer diagnoses during 2021 has been noticed. Concerted measures are needed to minimize the long-term negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on delayed diagnosis.
From bricks to bytes: Verifiable data for decarbonizing the building sector
Authors: Körner Marc-Fabian , Kranz Tobias , Rockstuhl Jakob , Strüker Jens
Published: April 2024

Amidst the pressing need to combat climate change and curb greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, the building sector emerges as a pivotal sector, substantially impacting worldwide emissions. Despite efforts to improve energy efficiency and incorporate non-fossil energy sources, the sector still lags in achieving the necessary decarbonization goals. Existing Building Energy Management Systems primarily prioritize economic criteria, overlooking the vital aspect of emissions reduction. Energy Informatics and Information Systems hold the potential to bridge this gap by enabling precise and verifiable GHG emissions accounting, end-to-end real-time tracking, and automated verification within Energy Management Systems (EMS). This paper presents research on designing the advancement of EMSs in the form of a Building Energy Emission Management System (BEEMS) leveraging verifiable emission data for emission-based actions. The central research question revolves around designing BEEMS to facilitate emission-based actions based on verifiable data. Following a multi-step approach, the research methodology encompasses a comprehensive literature review and iterative evaluation of our design principles through a workshop and semi-structured interviews with experts from industry and research. The contributions include a conceptual architecture of a BEEMS and six design principles for future BEEMS development. Ultimately, this research strives to facilitate end-to-end verifiable GHG emissions management in the building sector to enable emission-based energy consumption decisions, contributing to the existing body of knowledge of the Energy Informatics field on BEEMS.
Unraveling the binational outbreak of anthrax in Ghana and Nigeria: an in-depth investigation of epidemiology, clinical presentations, diagnosis, and plausible recommendations toward its eradication in Africa
Authors: Adesola Ridwan Olamilekan , Okeke Valentine Chidalu , Hamzat Abdulafees , Onawola Dauda Ayomide , Arthur Joseph Fosu
Published: April 2024

Background

Anthrax is a zoonotic disease that is still regarded as a public health issue in developing nations. This paper aims to discuss the epidemiology of anthrax in Africa, the current outbreaks in Ghana and Nigeria, clinical presentations, diagnosis, and treatment of anthrax, challenges associated with the transmission of the disease to both countries and recommendations to reduce this current outbreak and curb future outbreaks in Africa.

Main body of the abstract

Online databases (PubMed, and Google Scholar) and Nigeria Ministry of Agriculture report were used to provide detailed information on the paper. On June 1, 2023, two suspected human cases of anthrax were reported, via a letter sent to all stakeholders in the country, with one death in Binduri District, Upper East region of Ghana. The cases were due to the consumption of dead cattle. Four cattle were reported dead at the time, and eleven suspected human cases were identified through contact tracing. Afterward, on July 17, 2023, the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of Nigeria announced the first case of anthrax disease in Nigeria. The National Veterinary Research Institute confirmed the case from samples collected from a suspected livestock farm in Niger State, Nigeria. No human case has been reported.

Short conclusion

Anthrax poses significant challenges to public health and requires cooperation between nations, especially in regions like Ghana and Nigeria, where animal movement and ecological changes can impact disease transmission. Challenges attributed to the spread of anthrax in both countries were discussed, focusing on the role of government and the general public in addressing this public health concern. Given the endemicity of certain transboundary animal diseases such as anthrax in sub-Saharan Africa, the control of animal movement across intra- and international borders in the region needs to be tightened. Regulations governing the transboundary movement of animals should be based on the World Organisation of Animal Health Terrestrial Code and should be strictly enforced to prevent ongoing and future outbreaks in Africa.
Η χρόνια αποφρακτική πνευμονοπάθεια ως αιτία πρόωρης γήρανσης
Authors: Καραμέτος Ηλίας
Published: April 2024

Εισαγωγή: Πολλές θεωρίες και μηχανισμοί της γήρανσης έχουν ενοχοποιηθεί, όπως οι βλάβες στο DNA, οι ορμονικές μεταβολές και η χρόνια φλεγμονή. Μεταξύ των βιολογικών δεικτών γήρανσης περιγράφονται ορμόνες όπως η διυδροεπιανδοστερόνη και η αυξητική ορμόνη. Η Χρόνια Αποφρακτική Πνευμονοπάθεια (ΧΑΠ) ως συστηματική φλεγμονώδης νόσος έχει συσχετιστεί με την πρόωρη γήρανση. Μέθοδος: Σκοπός της παρούσας μελέτης είναι η χρήση των ορμονών, δεϋδροεπινανδοστερόνη (DHEA) και αυξητική ορμόνη(GH) ως βιολογικών δεικτών για την εξαγωγή συμπερασμάτων σχετικά με το εάν η ΧΑΠ είναι αιτία πρόωρης γήρανσης. Μελετήθηκαν 119 άτομα, 70 (58,8 %) ασθενείς με ΧΑΠ και 49 (41.2%) υγιείς, μετά από σπιρομέτρηση σύμφωνα με τις οδηγίες κατά GOLD και πραγματοποιήθηκε λήψη αίματος. Αποτελέσματα: Η μέση ηλικία των υγιών ήταν 73.5 έτη (SD=5.5 έτη) και των ασθενών ήταν 75.4 έτη (SD=6.9 έτη). Οι δύο ομάδες ήταν παρόμοιες ως προς το φύλο και την ηλικία. Το ποσοστό των καπνιστών ήταν σημαντικά υψηλότερο στους ασθενείς (87.1%) σε σύγκριση με τους υγιείς (36.7%). Στην παρούσα μελέτη, η διαφορά στο DHEA μεταξύ των ασθενών με ΧΑΠ και των ομάδων ελέγχου ήταν, κατά μέσο όρο, 30.2 μg / dL, υποδεικνύοντας ότι η βιολογική ηλικία ενός ασθενούς ΧΑΠ είναι, κατά μέσο όρο, περίπου 30.2 / 1.26 = 24, δηλαδή, 24 χρόνια μεγαλύτερη από την ηλικία ενός ατόμου ελέγχου της ίδιας ηλικίας. Ομοίως, η διαφορά στην GH μεταξύ των ασθενών με ΧΑΠ και των ομάδων ελέγχου ήταν, κατά μέσο όρο, 0.42 ng / mL, υποδεικνύοντας ότι η βιολογική ηλικία ενός ασθενούς με ΧΑΠ είναι, κατά μέσο όρο, περίπου 0.42 / 0.032 = 13.1, δηλαδή, 13.1 χρόνια μεγαλύτερη ενός ατόμου ελέγχου της ίδιας ηλικίαςΣυμπεράσματα: Συμπερασματικά με βάση την ηλικιακή διακύμανση της DΗEA φαίνεται ότι οι ασθενείς με ΧΑΠ παρουσιάζουν πρόωρη γήρανση. Η μελέτη μας εξετάζει ως βιολογικούς δείκτες γήρανσης τις ορμόνες διυδροεπιναδοστερόνη και αυξητική ορμόνη. Η ανίχνευση της ΧΑΠ πρέπει να γίνεται νωρίτερα ώστε η έγκαιρη πρόληψη και αντιμετώπισή της σε νέα άτομα να έχει ως αποτέλεσμα παράλληλα με τις επιπτώσεις στην αναπνευστική λειτουργία την μη πρόωρη γήρανσή τους.
The emergence of spacetime in IIB string theory
Authors: Παπαδούδης Στράτος
Published: April 2024

Το πρότυπο πινάκων IKKT έχει προταθεί στη βιβλιογραφία ως μια πιθανή μη-διαταρακτική μοντελοποίηση της θεωρίας χορδών τύπου ΙΙΒ. Ένα θεμελιώδες αποτέλεσμα που ενθαρρύνει τη θέση αυτή είναι η δυναμική ανάδυση χωροχρόνου από αυτήν, ως μη-διαταρακτικό φαινόμενο. Η (μη-διαταρακτική) μελέτη του προτύπου όμως καθίσταται ασύμφορη από το πρόβλημα μιγαδικής δράσης που παρουσιάζει, σε όλες του τις μορφές (Ευκλείδιο ή Lorentzιανό). Η διατριβή αυτή διατρέχει όλα τα τρέχοντα αποτελέσματα στην έρευνα για επίλυση του προβλήματος μιγαδικής δράσης, εξερευνώντας τη μέθοδο μιγαδικής Langevin διαδικασίας και παραλλαγών αυτής, και εφαρμόζει την εν λόγω μέθοδο στο ΙΚΚΤ πρότυπο πινάκων και παραλλαγών αυτού, αναζητώντας τη δυναμική συμπαγοποίηση των επιπλέον διαστάσεων της θεωρίας χορδών τύπου IIB.
Advances in Corrosion Mitigation for Waste-to-Energy Systems: Evaluating Coatings and Application Techniques
Authors: Bourtsalas Athanasios , Yan Dianyi
Published: April 2024

Waste-to-Energy (WTE) systems, utilizing post-recycled municipal solid waste (MSW) and other biomass materials, are proven alternatives to landfilling for sustainable waste management. These processes offer benefits such as reduced landfill space, decreased methane emissions, and minimized waste volume. However, operational challenges, specifically high-temperature corrosion (HTC) of superheater tubes, hinder their efficiency due to the presence of chlorine, alkaline salts, and sulfates. To address this issue, a range of coating techniques have been developed, with thermal spray techniques, particularly high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) spray, proving the most effective for protecting superheater tubes. A comparative analysis of experimental data from multiple studies indicates that coatings with Alloy 625, Alloy C-276, Colmonoy 88, FeCr, IN625, NiCr, NiCrTi, and A625 offer high corrosion resistance at relatively low material costs, with corrosion rates below 1 mm/year. High chromium, nickel, and molybdenum content coatings perform exceptionally well under high-temperature and high-chlorine conditions. Notably, T92 and P91, due to their low cost and high corrosion resistance, are strong candidates for superheater tubes operating at 550°C. While A625 demonstrates excellent corrosion resistance, its high cost limits its practicality. Ultimately, the selection of suitable coatings depends on the specific WTE plant design and operating experience. The additional cost of applying these coatings is a minor fraction of the overall financial gains, as it extends the superheater tubes' lifetime and reduces plant downtime for tube repair or replacement.
Technological innovation for workload allocation in nursing care management: an integrative review
Authors: Galiano Maria Alejandra , Moreno Fergusson Maria Elisa , Guerrero William J. , Muñóz Maria Francisca , Ortiz Basto Germán A. , Cardenas Ramírez Juan Sebastián , Guevara Lozano Maryory , Larraín Sundt Ana
Published: April 2024

Background Technology reduces the nursing workload, improve the quality care processes, patient’s safety, and avoid staff burnout. Innovative technologies are disrupting healthcare systems by improving the efficiency of processes and management. There is a discussion on the benefits, challenges, and barriers of these technologies and considering human factors of nursing management. The aim was to analyze the influence of technologies on the distribution of workload for nursing care management. Methods An integrative literature review was performed. Four databases were searched: Scopus, Scielo, PUBMED, and CINALH following PRISMA guidelines. Articles published from January 2016 to December 2020, published in English, Spanish and Portuguese were included. Studies were excluded when they were not original research, did not met the quality criteria or they did not answer the research questions. Quality appraisal was performed using the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool version 1.4 (CCAT). Two reviewers independently examined the title and abstract for eligibility according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results 2818 potentially relevant articles were found, but once the inclusion and exclusion criteria in the abstracts were analyzed, 177 remained for evaluation. After following the PRISMA Guidelines, 35 studies were included in the review. Three categories were identified: Nursing workload; Information technologies and technological means for management; Technology acceptance. Conclusions Technology has the potential to improve care management by estimating nurse workload in ICUs and non-critical units, but scientific evidence is more detailed in the former type of services. The literature provides insights about the factors that factors and the barriers that promote the technology acceptance and usability. We did not find studies comparing technologies and no scientific evidence proving improvements in care.
Efficacy of CEITA early intervention program for young children with autism spectrum disorders: A randomized controlled trial design
Authors: Han Yung Lin , Wan Sulaiman Wan Shahrazad , Ahmad Badayai Abdul Rahman
Published: April 2024

Background This study examined the efficacy of the Comprehensive Early Intervention for Toddlers with Autism (CEITA) program for children with autism spectrum disorders in Malaysia. Methods A randomized control trial design was adopted, in which 16 children (mean age= 34.25 months) were assigned to either the intervention group (n=8) or the control group (n=8). Children in the intervention group underwent three months of low intensity (2hrs/week) CEITA program intervention, whereas the control group received no treatment. Autism symptoms and developmental growth scores were measured at baseline, post-treatment, and 6-week follow-up to evaluate the efficacy of the CEITA program. Results Multivariate analysis of covariance results showed a significant intervention effect, whereby autism symptoms were significantly reduced (η2 = 0.36), and growth scores for all developmental domains (η2 = 0.20-0.66) were significantly increased. Conclusion Hence, this study highlights the potential of the CEITA program’s clinical implications, and relevant future research is recommended. Trial registration Reg number: NMRR ID-22-00626-8LB, dated 29th April 2022.
Co-administration of a Hepatitis B vaccine with CpG-ODN 2395 induces stronger immune response in BALB/c mice
Authors: ADEDJOBI Titilayo Kemi Sophia Nelly , Kariuki Daniel , Kimotho James
Published: April 2024

Background Proof of effects of Cytosine Phosphoguanine Oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODNs), adjuvanted Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) vaccine on immune response is limited. This study aimed to assess the effect of five CpG ODNs in HBV Vaccine-immunized BALB/c mice and to identify the most effective CpG ODN adjuvant. Methods This laboratory-based experimental study was conducted using a total of 36 female BALB/c mice, which were clustered into 12 groups and immunized intramuscularly. Group 1 was immunized with CpG ODN 18281-1 alone, group 2 with vaccine plus CpG ODN 18281-1, group 3 with CpG ODN 18281-2 alone, group 4 with CpG ODN 18281-2 plus vaccine, group 5 CpG ODN 18289 alone, group 6 with CpG ODN 18289 plus vaccine, group 7 CpG ODN 1826 S alone, group 8 with CpG ODN 1826 S plus vaccine, group 9 CpG ODN 2395 alone, group 10 with CpG ODN 2395 plus vaccine, group 11 with vaccine alone and group 12 with Phosphate Buffer Saline (PBS). All the groups were observed for 14 and 28 days after immunization. Results In the vaccinated groups, those receiving supplementation with CpG 2395 exhibited a significant 4.4-fold elevation, resulting in a signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) value of 14.1 compared to the vaccine group only (S/N = 3.22) by day 28 (p-value < 0.0001). For mice immunized with the vaccine plus CpG ODNs, cytokine profiling using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed increased IL-6 expression levels and decreased TNF-α levels compared to the untreated group, normalized with the housekeeping gene HPRT 1. However, the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α was not statistically significant between the treated groups (p-value ≥ 0.2). Parameters for toxicity were within the normal range in all treatment groups. Conclusion Based on these results the co-administration of the HBV vaccine with CpG ODN 2395 induces high immune responses in comparison to HBV vaccine alone.
Approaches for sustainable professional skill development for vocational education students in Thailand
Authors: Sakdapat Naksit
Published: April 2024

Background This article presents a research study that aims to explore sustainable approaches for developing professional skills in vocational education students in Thailand. This is the second phase of the research, which utilizes a qualitative research methodology. Methodology The key informants in this study are administrators of vocational education institutions, teachers, and students currently enrolled in vocational education institutions in Thailand, totaling 36 participants. The research uses a purposive sampling method and snowball sampling method. Data collection methods include document analysis, in-depth structured interviews, and observation. The results of the interviews are analyzed, and the content analysis is summarized. The research process consists of 4 steps: 1) literature review, 2) data collection, 3) data analysis, and 4) verification and confirmation. Results The research findings highlight several key considerations, including: 1) factors influencing the development of professional skills among vocational education students, such as curriculum design, support and counseling, practical training in workplaces, interactive learning, problem-solving and analytical thinking skills development, practical learning, and supportive learning environments, 2) approaches for sustainable professional skill development involve employing the appropriate approaches for self-development. The steps include setting clear goals and plans, active learning and training, technology skill development, experiential learning, problem-solving skill development, participation in professional activities, self-reflection, and continuous self-improvement. Conclusion These approaches aim to enhance the competencies of vocational education students, ensuring quality and efficiency as part of lifelong learning and sustainable development.
Power Threat Meaning Framework – a brief description of the basic assumptions and context
Authors: Stupak Radosław , Johnstone Lucy
Published: April 2024

Artykuł krótko przedstawia podstawowe założenia niekategorialnego podejścia do diagnozy, jakim jest Power Threat Meaning Framework (Rama Władza Zagrożenie Znaczenie, RWZZ) opublikowany w 2018 r. przez British Psychological Society. Kolejno omawiane są władza, zagrożenie, znaczenie oraz ogólne prawidłowości odpowiedzi na zagrożenia, tak jak ujmowane są w tej propozycji. Krótko opisane są również podstawowe założenia teoretyczne i inspiracje wpływające na treść RWZZ, czerpiącej z wielu tradycji filozoficznych, socjologicznych, psychologicznych, psychiatrycznych i psychoterapeutycznych, oferując spójną integrującą je perspektywę. RWZZ przedstawiona jest także w szerszym kontekście współczesnych kontrowersji dotyczących dominujących systemów diagnozy nozologicznej i negatywnych konsekwencji reifikacji konstruktów diagnostycznych oraz ograniczeń, faworyzującego w praktyce poziom biologiczny, modelu biopsychospołecznego w psychiatrii i psychoterapii. W podsumowaniu krótko przedstawiona jest także krytyka RWZZ. RWZZ oferuje podejście, które może znaleźć zastosowanie w praktyce klinicznej i badaniach naukowych umożliwiające szersze uwzględnienie i odniesienie się do kwestii ekonomicznych, społecznych i kulturowych w procesie pomagania cierpiącym osobom. Może także zapobiegać nadmiernej medykalizacji indywidualnych i społecznych problemów.
Arquitectura, ingeniería y administración virreinal. Nueva España en el siglo XVIII
Authors: Halcón Álvarez- Ossorio Mª Rosario Fátima , Herrera García Francisco Javier , Recio Mir Álvaro
Published: April 2024

A partir de la documentación extraída en el Archivo General de Indias y en el Archivo General de la Nación de México, este volumen se centra en el estudio de planos y dibujos de edificios, obras de ingeniería, infraestructuras, etc., dentro del marco geográfico del virreinato de Nueva España durante el siglo XVIII, centuria caracterizada por un importante impulso constructivo, tanto en volumen como en calidad técnica. La vertiginosa evolución en este sentido corrió pareja a las reformas borbónicas implantadas a lo largo de este período en su afán por mejorar la administración y la hacienda pública, intensificado durante los reinados de Carlos III y Carlos IV. De esta manera, uno de los objetivos principales es el de establecer la relación entre la administración virreinal y la arquitectura vinculada al poder, así como dar a conocer un amplio repertorio de profesionales y oficios.
Risk Taking Under Limited Liability and Moral Hazard: Quantifying the Role of Motivated Beliefs
Authors: Bosch-Rosa Ciril , Gietl Daniel , Heinemann Frank
Published: April 2024

This paper investigates whether limited liability and moral hazard affect risk taking through motivated beliefs. On the one hand, limited liability encourages investors to take excessive risks. On the other, excessive risk taking makes it hard for investors to maintain a positive self-image when moral hazard is present. Using a novel experimental design, we show that subjects form motivated beliefs to self-justify their excessive risk taking. For the same investment opportunity, subjects invest more and are significantly more optimistic about the success of the investment if its failure can harm others. We show that more than one third of the investment increases under limited liability, and moral hazard can be explained through motivated beliefs. Moreover, through a treatment with limited liability but no moral hazard, we show that motivated beliefs are formed subconsciously and can lead to the paradoxical result of investors taking larger risks when their investment can harm a third party compared with when it cannot. These results underscore the importance of motivated beliefs in regulatory policy, emphasizing that policymakers must not only address bad incentives, but also address the role of bad beliefs.

This paper was accepted by Bruno Biais, finance.

Funding: Financial support by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [Grant CRC TRR 190, project number 280092119] is gratefully acknowledged.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.03947 .
Neonatal Outcomes in Different Maternal Diabetes Types: Experience from a Tertiary Care Unit
Authors: Avdan Aylin , Seyhun Türkoğlu Gülçin , Altınışık İrem , Sarı Fatma Nur , Çetin İbrahim İlker , Alyamac Dizdar Evrim
Published: April 2024

Objective: Infants of mothers with diabetes (IMD) may require hospitalization in neonatal intensive care units (NICU) for various reasons. In our study, our objective was to compare clinical and laboratory findings, as well as malformations and morbidities among IMD based on the types of maternal diabetes.

Material and Methods: The diabetic status of mothers of 4713 infants admitted to tertiary neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at Ankara Bilkent City Hospital between January 1, 2020, and January 1, 2022, was examined. We retrospectively analyzed demographic data, clinical and laboratory characteristics, and morbidities for 616 infants born to mothers with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), or pre-existing gestational diabetes mellitus (Pre-GDM).

Results: Of the 616 cases, 167 (27.1%) were infants of mothers with IGT, 394 (64%) with GDM and 55 (8.9%) with Pre-GDM. The prevalence of macrosomia was significantly higher in Pre-GDM (30.9%) than in the IGT (15%) and GDM (19.3%) groups (p=0.033). The most common malformations in the cases were related to the cardiovascular system (CVS) (77.4%). The frequency of septal hypertrophy was significantly higher in the Pre-GDM group compared to the IGT and GDM groups, and in the GDM group compared to the IGT group (p<0.001). The rates of septal hypertrophy, CVS malformation, LGA/macrosomia, and hypocalcemia were found to be significantly higher in infants of mothers with insulin requirement and high HbA1c levels, particularly in Pre-GDM group (p<0.001). According to the ROC analysis for the optimum maternal HbA1c value predicting septal hypertrophy, the threshold value was found to be 6% (AUC=0.693) with 62% sensitivity and 66% specificity. In logistic regression analysis, macrosomia and maternal HbA1c ≥6% were determined as independent risk factors for the presence of septal hypertrophy.

Conclusion: Despite variations in the type of maternal diabetes, IDM experience significant clinical challenges when hospitalized and monitored in the NICU. Infants born to mothers with IGT may also be subjected to maternal hyperglycemia. The likelihood of certain complications rises in infants born to pregnant women with inadequate glycemic control, particularly those with elevated HbA1c levels. By ensuring maternal glycemic control and closely monitoring these infants, it is possible to reduce both mortality and morbidity.
ALERT study: Attitudes, Lived ExpeRience and Treatment in MS bladder and bowel
Authors: Barker Noreen , Winchester Claire , Cowling Susan , Porta Rebecca , Hogan-Tricks Michelle , Gagen Hannah
Published: April 2024

Objectives:

To gain more understanding of the real-world lived experience of neurogenic bladder and bowel among people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). Few studies have explored this important perspective.

Methods:

Qualitative and quantitative methods were applied for data collection. A total of 16 PwMS were recruited into the qualitative phase. The themes emerging from these interviews were used to develop a questionnaire. An online survey was hosted on the Enalyzer platform with the link promoted by The MS Trust. In total, 1148 PwMS took part in the survey.

Results:

The authors dentified key personal impacts of bladder and bowel symptoms, and varying levels of patient satisfaction with their care and the information they received.

Conclusions:

Two themes were identified as needing to continue to be explored in order to improve the care landscape for PwMS: ‘breaking the loo taboo’ – encouraging PwMS to talk about their bladder and bowel problems and ‘making every contact count’ – encouraging the multidisciplinary team to be proactive in asking questions. Neurogenic bladder and bowel should be prioritised and championed both at a national and local level in terms of policy and service delivery, to ensure that PwMS have timely access to person-centred pathways and treatments.
Parkinson's and physical activity: the what, why and how
Authors: Peel Charlie
Published: April 2024

Physical activity is an essential part of managing and optimising health in all people, and it is even more necessary for those living with Parkinson's. This article explores the broad evidence base for physical activity in Parkinson's across disease and symptom management, some of the barriers to engagement, and the role that healthcare professionals can play in supporting this essential part of self-management and health optimisation.
Dementias Conference 2024: session summaries
Authors: Rajagopalan Upasana
Published: April 2024

The 26th annual Dementias Conference was held at the Cavendish Conference Centre, London, between 8–9 February 2024. The conference, which is dedicated to advancing dementia care, was well attended, boasting an impressive list of speakers at the event.
The impact of generalist-led care in a dementia inpatient setting
Authors: Rajagopalan Upasana
Published: April 2024

The British Journal of Neuroscience Nursing interviewed Kathryn Ryland, GP in the Swindon and Wiltshire area, after winning the best poster award for her work on the importance of generalist led care in a dementia setting, presented at the Dementias Conference 2024 held from 8−9th February at the Cavendish Conference Centre, London
Advanced nursing practice assessment: a case study from paediatric neurodisability
Authors: John Aoife St , McBrien Barry
Published: April 2024

Conducting a comprehensive, person-centred assessment is at the core of advanced nursing practice in paediatric neurodisability. The following paper uses a case study to highlight the comprehensive nature of a strengths-based assessment—underpinned by the biopsychosocial model—that is aligned to the neurodiversity paradigm. Autistic children can experience a range of co-occurring medical, mental health and other neurodevelopmental differences that require careful consideration during assessment to ensure that diagnostic overshadowing does not occur. Case formulation can provide an appropriate framework to identify individual strengths and needs to inform the development of appropriate supports for the person. The advanced nurse practitioner on a children's disability team is uniquely placed to go beyond diagnosis, and critically review all the assessment information to inform clinical decision-making and formulate interventions.
Investigating the retention and attrition of emergency care advanced clinical practitioners in the UK
Authors: Hemmings-Trigg Katie , Heaslip Vanessa , Stephens Melanie
Published: April 2024

Background:

Advanced clinical practitioners (ACPs) are an integral part of the healthcare workforce, and recognising growth in these roles is a priority for the future. ACPs within emergency care (EC) are often senior clinical decision-makers that work within the multidisciplinary team to provide high-quality care to a variety of patients, presentations and acuity. Reflection upon clinical practice over the last 7 years has revealed an issue with the retention of experienced ACPs. Losing ACPs in a service that is already stretched due to increasing attendance and subsequently longer waiting times places further burden on strained departments. While there is research that examines the retention and attrition of emergency medicine trainees and consultants, there is a dearth of literature on the retention of ACPs.

Aims:

The aim of this scoping review is to investigate what is already known about retention of ACPs in EC and examine why ACPs leave EC for other areas of practice.

Methods:

A database search was conducted using keywords, from 2–21 November 2022, across five databases (the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), the British Nursing Index (BNI), MEDLINE, PsycINFO and the Cochrane Library). This search identified 892 studies that were examined using a two-stage process against inclusion and exclusion criteria, which resulted in seven articles being selected for inclusion in the review.

Findings:

Three themes were identified: the importance of a clear career pathway; a structured training programme and education; and concerns regarding working conditions in EC.

Conclusion:

The review identifies a gap in the literature on the reasons for attrition rates of ACPs in EC. Future research is required to identify the reasons why some ACPs leave EC and what aspects make others stay.
Reflections on Transformation, Teamwork, and Mentoring: Student Teachers’ Self-Assessed Learning, Equality, and Equity in Competence-Based Education
Authors: Nissilä Säde-Pirkko , Virkkula Esa
Published: April 2024

This research concentrated on observing academic student teachers’ teamwork, especially its effectiveness and their attitudes to collaboration and transformation, as well as their reflective, written self-assessments in relation to teamwork. Teams have been studied widely, but these kinds of special contexts are rare. The target group was higher education teachers, the context was an introduction of a new pedagogical program, and the teams acted under the guidance of mentors and occasional lecturers. Besides the content analysis, the study method was a deep analysis of the essays. The most effective positive influencers proved to be social exchanges, including mentoring, peer support, input for learning and the experiences of wellbeing. Individual distrust of working methods in teams, and emotional suspicions of their self-efficacy in transformational settings emerged as latent factors, revealing mainly the difficulty of changing traditional mindsets. The analyses offered individual and community-wide opportunities to steer education in the future.
Evaluation of Dicamba Drift Injury and Yield Loss on Soybean Using Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (sUAS) and Multispectral Imaging Technologies
Authors: Betitame Kelvin , Koparan Cengiz , Zhang Yu , Howatt Kirk , Ostlie Michael , Bajwa Sreekala G. , Sun Xin
Published: April 2024

Highlights

The response of dicamba-susceptible soybean to three simulated rates and growth stages has been studied.

Soybean physiological data, such as plant height and phototoxicity, was collected at the selected growth stage.

Aerial images of the experiment field using UAV were collected on specific days after treatment.

Soybean yield, biological response, and the correlation of vegetative indices in predicting soybean yield were achieved.

Abstract. Many dicotyledonous weeds can be selectively controlled by dicamba application during the growing season. However, vapor or spray drift from dicamba application could cause significant yield loss on non-target species such as soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] that do not contain the dicamba resistance trait. In this study, the impact of simulated dicamba drift was investigated on dicamba-susceptible soybeans during different growth stages. A field experiment was conducted employing small unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS) and multispectral image sensors to assess the dose-response relationship between dicamba drift and soybean yield. The experiment followed a randomized complete block design, with main plots representing three distinct soybean growth stages (third trifoliate, sixth trifoliate, and early reproductive stage) and sub-plots encompassing various simulated dicamba drift rates. The analysis, involving non-linear regression and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) regression, revealed that visible soybean injuries were observed at minimal dicamba rates. However, significant yield loss occurred during the V6 growth stage at a dicamba rate of 98 g.ai ha-1, emphasizing the critical growth stage sensitivity. Moreover, a moderate yet meaningful relationship (R2 = 0.46) was established between sUAS multispectral NDVI data and soybean yield, highlighting the potential for sUAS with multispectral sensors to predict soybean yield losses. These results contribute valuable insights into the impact of dicamba drift on soybeans and the efficacy of remote sensing technology in assessing yield outcomes. Keywords: Dicamba-drift injury, Multispectral image, Precision agriculture, Soybean yield, sUAS, Yield prediction.
Race, Data, and Classics
Authors: Park Arum
Published: April 2024

summary: The focus of this article is a 2019–2020 demographic data collection, visualization, and analysis project on race and Classics. Based on the findings of the project, this article advances arguments in favor of regular, frequent, and well-publicized demographic data gathering and visualization as practices crucial for effective, research-driven diversity and inclusion efforts in Classics. By fueling and bolstering these efforts, such practices have the potential to expand and reshape the boundaries of Classics as a discipline.