bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Marginal Stability of Sweet–Parker Type Current Sheets at Low Lundquist Numbers
Authors: Shi 时 Chen 辰 , Velli Marco , Tenerani Anna
Published: May 2018

Magnetohydrodynamic simulations have shown that a nonunique critical Lundquist number S

c
exists, hovering around S

c
 ∼ 104, above which threshold Sweet–Parker type stationary reconnecting configurations become unstable to a fast tearing mode dominated by plasmoid generation. It is known that the flow along the sheet plays a stabilizing role, though a satisfactory explanation of the nonuniversality and variable critical Lundquist numbers observed is still lacking. Here we discuss this question using 2D linear MHD simulations and linear stability analyses of Sweet–Parker type current sheets in the presence of background stationary inflows and outflows at low Lundquist numbers (S ≤ 104). Simulations show that the inhomogeneous outflow stabilizes the current sheet by stretching the growing magnetic islands and at the same time evacuating the magnetic islands out of the current sheet. This limits the time during which fluctuations that begin at any given wavelength can remain unstable, rendering the instability nonexponential. We find that the linear theory based on the expanding-wavelength assumption works well for S larger than ∼1000. However, we also find that the inflow and location of the initial perturbation also affect the stability threshold.
OGLE-2017-BLG-0329L: A Microlensing Binary Characterized with Dramatically Enhanced Precision Using Data from Space-based Observations
Authors: Han C. , Novati S. Calchi , Udalski A. , Lee C.-U. , Gould A. , Bozza V. , Mróz P. , Pietrukowicz P. , Skowron J. , Szymański M. K. , Poleski R. , Soszyński I. , Kozłowski S. , Ulaczyk K. , Pawlak M. , Rybicki K. , Iwanek P. ,   (The OGLE Collaboration), Albrow M. D. , Chung S.-J. , Hwang K.-H. , Jung Y. K. , Ryu Y.-H. , Shin I.-G. , Shvartzvald Y. , Yee J. C. , Zang W. , Zhu W. , Cha S.-M. , Kim D.-J. , Kim H.-W. , Kim S.-L. , Lee D.-J. , Lee Y. , Park B.-G. , Pogge R. W. , Kim W.-T. ,   (The KMTNet Collaboration), Beichman C. , Bryden G. , Carey S. , Gaudi B. S. , Henderson C. B. ,   (The Spitzer Team), Dominik M. , Helling C. , Hundertmark M. , Jørgensen U. G. , Longa-Peña P. , Lowry S. , Sajadian S. , Burgdorf M. J. , Campbell-White J. , Ciceri S. , Evans D. F. , Haikala L. K. , Hinse T. C. , Rahvar S. , Rabus M. , Snodgrass C. ,   (The MiNDSTEp Collaboration)
Published: May 2018

Mass measurements of gravitational microlenses require one to determine the microlens parallax π
E, but precise π
E measurement, in many cases, is hampered due to the subtlety of the microlens-parallax signal combined with the difficulty of distinguishing the signal from those induced by other higher-order effects. In this work, we present the analysis of the binary-lens event OGLE-2017-BLG-0329, for which π
E is measured with a dramatically improved precision using additional data from space-based Spitzer observations. We find that while the parallax model based on the ground-based data cannot be distinguished from a zero-π
E model at the 2σ level, the addition of the Spitzer data enables us to identify two classes of solutions, each composed of a pair of solutions according to the well-known ecliptic degeneracy. It is found that the space-based data reduce the measurement uncertainties of the north and east components of the microlens-parallax vector

by factors ∼18 and ∼4, respectively. With the measured microlens parallax combined with the angular Einstein radius measured from the resolved caustic crossings, we find that the lens is composed of a binary with component masses of either (M
1, M
2) ∼ (1.1, 0.8) M
⊙ or ∼(0.4, 0.3) M
⊙ according to the two solution classes. The first solution is significantly favored but the second cannot be securely ruled out based on the microlensing data alone. However, the degeneracy can be resolved from adaptive optics observations taken ∼10 years after the event.
New High-z BL Lacs Using the Photometric Method with Swift and SARA
Authors: Kaur A. , Rau A. , Ajello M. , Domínguez A. , Paliya V. S. , Greiner J. , Hartmann D. H. , Schady P.
Published: May 2018

BL Lacertae (BL Lac) objects are prominent members of the third Fermi Large Area Telescope catalog of γ-ray sources. Half of the members of the BL Lac population (∼300) lack redshift measurements, which is due to the absence of lines in their optical spectra, thereby making it difficult to utilize spectroscopic methods. Our photometric dropout technique can be used to establish the redshift for a fraction of these sources. This work employed six filters mounted on the Swift-UVOT and four optical filters on two telescopes, the 0.65 m SARA-CTIO in Chile and 1.0 m SARA-ORM in the Canary Islands, Spain. A sample of 15 sources was extracted from the Swift archival data for which six filter UVOT observations were conducted. By complementing the Swift observations with the SARA ones, we were able to discover two high-redshift sources: 3FGL J1155.4-3417 and 3FGL J1156.7–2250 at

z
=

1.83

−
0.13

+
0.10

and

z
=

1.73

−
0.19

+
0.11

, respectively, resulting from the dropouts in the power-law template fits to these data. The discoveries add to the important (26 total) sample of high-redshift BL Lacs. While the sample of high-z BL Lacs is still rather small, these objects do not seem to fit well within known schemes of the blazar population and represent the best probes of the extragalactic background light.
The Low-luminosity Type IIP Supernova 2016bkv with Early-phase Circumstellar Interaction
Authors: Nakaoka Tatsuya , Kawabata Koji S. , Maeda Keiichi , Tanaka Masaomi , Yamanaka Masayuki , Moriya Takashi J. , Tominaga Nozomu , Morokuma Tomoki , Takaki Katsutoshi , Kawabata Miho , Kawahara Naoki , Itoh Ryosuke , Shiki Kensei , Mori Hiroki , Hirochi Jun , Abe Taisei , Uemura Makoto , Yoshida Michitoshi , Akitaya Hiroshi , Moritani Yuki , Ueno Issei , Urano Takeshi , Isogai Mizuki , Hanayama Hidekazu , Nagayama Takahiro
Published: May 2018

We present optical and near-infrared observations of a low-luminosity (LL) Type IIP supernova (SN) 2016bkv from the initial rising phase to the plateau phase. Our observations show that the end of the plateau is extended to ≳140 days since the explosion, indicating that this SN takes one of the longest times to finish the plateau phase among Type IIP SNe (SNe IIP), including LL SNe IIP. The line velocities of various ions at the middle of the plateau phase are as low as 1000–1500 km s−1, which is the lowest even among LL SNe IIP. These measurements imply that the ejecta mass in SN 2016bkv is larger than that of the well-studied LL IIP SN 2003Z. In the early phase, SN 2016bkv shows a strong bump in the light curve. In addition, the optical spectra in this bump phase exhibit a blue continuum accompanied by a narrow Hα emission line. These features indicate an interaction between the SN ejecta and the circumstellar matter (CSM) as in SNe IIn. Assuming the ejecta–CSM interaction scenario, the mass loss rate is estimated to be

yr−1 within a few years before the SN explosion. This is comparable to or even larger than the largest mass loss rate observed for the Galactic red supergiants (

yr−1 for VY CMa). We suggest that the progenitor star of SN 2016bkv experienced a violent mass loss just before the SN explosion.
The JWST Extragalactic Mock Catalog: Modeling Galaxy Populations from the UV through the Near-IR over 13 Billion Years of Cosmic History
Authors: Williams Christina C. , Curtis-Lake Emma , Hainline Kevin N. , Chevallard Jacopo , Robertson Brant E. , Charlot Stephane , Endsley Ryan , Stark Daniel P. , Willmer Christopher N. A. , Alberts Stacey , Amorin Ricardo , Arribas Santiago , Baum Stefi , Bunker Andrew , Carniani Stefano , Crandall Sara , Egami Eiichi , Eisenstein Daniel J. , Ferruit Pierre , Husemann Bernd , Maseda Michael V. , Maiolino Roberto , Rawle Timothy D. , Rieke Marcia , Smit Renske , Tacchella Sandro , Willott Chris J.
Published: May 2018

We present an original phenomenological model to describe the evolution of galaxy number counts, morphologies, and spectral energy distributions across a wide range of redshifts (

) and stellar masses

. Our model follows observed mass and luminosity functions of both star-forming and quiescent galaxies, and reproduces the redshift evolution of colors, sizes, star formation, and chemical properties of the observed galaxy population. Unlike other existing approaches, our model includes a self-consistent treatment of stellar and photoionized gas emission and dust attenuation based on the beagle tool. The mock galaxy catalogs generated with our new model can be used to simulate and optimize extragalactic surveys with future facilities such as the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), and to enable critical assessments of analysis procedures, interpretation tools, and measurement systematics for both photometric and spectroscopic data. As a first application of this work, we make predictions for the upcoming JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES), a joint program of the JWST/NIRCam and NIRSpec Guaranteed Time Observations teams. We show that JADES will detect, with NIRCam imaging, 1000s of galaxies at z ≳ 6, and 10s at z ≳ 10 at

(5σ) within the 236 arcmin2 of the survey. The JADES data will enable accurate constraints on the evolution of the UV luminosity function at z > 8, and resolve the current debate about the rate of evolution of galaxies at z ≳ 8. Ready-to-use mock catalogs and software to generate new realizations are publicly available as the JAdes extraGalactic Ultradeep Artificial Realizations (JAGUAR) package.
Les groupes virtuels au sein des réseaux sociaux : la virtualisation des liens et ses enjeux sur l’organisation groupale
Authors: Gozlan Angélique
Published: May 2018

Avec l’avènement des nouvelles technologies numériques, arrivent de nouvelles modalités de liens. Le cyberespace permet de retrouver ses amis après l’école, de rester en permanence en contact avec son réseau qu’il soit professionnel ou amical, de faire de nouvelles rencontres amoureuses ou sexuelles, de jouer au sein d’équipes internationales, de trouver une pluralité de groupes pour toutes questions qui se posent. Le passage à des modes de communication et à un être ensemble au virtuel implique une mutation des liens sociaux. Comment dès lors cette virtualisation des liens réinterroge-t-elle la notion même de groupe ? Comment les théories psychanalytiques sur le groupe peuvent-elles aider à penser le groupe virtuel ? Cet article s’appuiera sur le dispositif virtuel des réseaux sociaux pour expliciter les notions de communauté virtuelle et de virtualisation des liens. À travers l’exemple de la page Facebook Léon Vivien , l’auteure tentera de montrer quels sont les similitudes et les points d’inflexions par rapport aux groupes en présence physique. Il apparaît essentiel de s’interroger sur la groupalité au virtuel, du fait même de l’importance de ces phénomènes aussi bien à un niveau psychopathologique que social.
Illusion groupale virtuelle
Authors: Guiche Dorothée
Published: May 2018

Une connexion au réseau social sur Internet s’organise autour du groupe, sous-tendu par des investissements narcissiques. Marqués par le moule du site et les besoins des sujets, les fantasmes du sujet s’expriment et laissent apparaître une illusion groupale qui est au cœur de la structure du groupe virtuel. Protégée par les membres des groupes virtuels, la différence amène agressivité et mécanisme de projection. Des bénéfices narcissiques conséquents motivent l’acceptation de la confusion, mais la réalité externe est garante d’un clivage qui préserve les limites psychiques du sujet.
Anamorphoses de l’adolescence, virtuel et numérique
Authors: Benghozi Pierre
Published: May 2018

Dans cet article l’auteur propose d’envisager l’adolescence comme une figure paradigmatique du virtuel. L’adolescence est ici pensée comme une adolescence groupale . Il distingue l’adolescence chrysalide pour en dégager une clinique spécifique du virtuel de l’entre-deux. En se centrant sur la dimension virtuelle de l’image du corps groupal, il explicite le rapport des anamorphoses groupales du pubertaire avec l’investissement des adolescents au numérique. Il établit un parallèle entre l’organisation de l’espace vécu des adolescents (figuré par une médiation qu’il appelle le spatiogramme) et les processus psychiques en jeu dans le pubertaire avec la transformation du corps psychique groupal. L’investissement iconophile des écrans numériques est analysé comme une tentative de gestion psychique du pubertaire, à partir d’une extrojection sur la toile numérique des objets internes clivés. Le déplacement sur des avatars numériques témoignerait de l’identité démultipliée diffractée. Il utilise l’analogie avec les « structures dissipatives » décrites par Ilya Prigogine pour illustrer à l’adolescence une tentative de restructuration par le recours au virtuel numérique, du désordre psychique contemporain du pubertaire individuel et groupal familial. L’auteur a souhaité inviter Agathe Manuel à témoigner du groupe et du virtuel de sa place d’adolescente écrivain particulièrement brillante. Dans son texte : « Entropie des Bulles virtuelles : entre appauvrissement et fragmentation », associé à l’article, « l’adolescent semble extérioriser ce foisonnement interne en faisant naître autour de lui des bulles de virtuel, c’est-à-dire qu’il extrait des morceaux du puzzle complexe qu’est son être pour les fixer sur les réseaux sociaux. »
Adolescents autistes et jeux numériques en réseau : processus pubertaires et subjectivation
Authors: Boisseuil Anne
Published: May 2018

L’article s’intéresse aux processus psychiques engagés par des adolescents autistes qui jouent à des jeux vidéo en ligne. Le texte s’organise autour de deux cas cliniques d’adolescents autistes reçus en thérapie. L’élaboration théorique porte principalement sur la motricité, la sensorialité et la nature spécifique des objets à l’adolescence, dans un fonctionnement autistique. Nous discutons des processus subjectifs mobilisés par le dispositif de jeu dans sa réalité matérielle, sensorielle ainsi que l’implication de joueurs virtuels. L’hypothèse dégagée est celle d’une puberté autistique où la groupalité des jeux en réseaux a une fonction subjectivante.
Des restes énigmatiques de l’autre dans l’informatique… à la foule virtuelle des réseaux : La fonction émissaire de l’adolescent
Authors: Duez Bernard
Published: May 2018

L’auteur montre comment le processus adolescent s’inscrit dans une scénalité en anamorphose avec la structure des réseaux virtuels sur internet. En s’appuyant sur ce qu’il nomme « les restes de l’autre dans l’objet », il montre comment l’objet informatique induit certaines formes spécifiques de liens entre les sujets en réseaux. Ces formes sont proches du fantasme qui encadre l’originaire et le processus adolescent : l’autoengendrement-en-présence-de-l’autre. En reprenant l’ensemble de ces éléments, il montre comment actuellement l’initiation adolescente est une double initiation, celle de l’adolescent par l’establishment et celle de l’establishment par l’adolescent.
Biopolitique du stérilet
Authors: Takeshita Chikako
Published: May 2018

En s’appuyant sur des exemples d’utilisation du stérilet en Chine, au Vietnam, en Indonésie, au Bangladesh, au Tadjikistan, en Ouzbékistan et au Nigeria, cet article s’intéresse aux multiples manières dont les femmes des pays du Sud sont parvenues à conquérir une capacité d’agir en matière reproductive en adoptant ou en refusant ce dispositif contraceptif. Les objectifs et les comportements reproductifs de ces femmes sont influencés par une série de pressions concurrentes émanant de la famille, de la situation économique et des rôles sociaux de sexe, ainsi que par les valeurs patriarcales dominantes et les politiques gouvernementales néo-malthusiennes. Parce qu’il est un dispositif contraceptif durable, contrôlé par le fournisseur, aisément réversible et discret, le stérilet a été défendu par les acteurs féministes comme antiféministes. Cet article met en lumière des cas individuels dans lesquels ce dispositif contraceptif a joué un rôle clé pour permettre à des femmes de maîtriser davantage leur vie reproductive là où leur capacité d’agir était strictement limitée.
Effect of Lactobacillus strains on thymus and chemokine expression in keratinocytes and development of atopic dermatitis-like symptoms
Authors: Kawahara T. , Hanzawa N. , Sugiyama M.
Published: May 2018

Lactobacillus strains, a major group of lactic acid bacteria, are representative food microorganisms that have many potential beneficial effects via their interactions with immune and intestinal epithelial cells. However, little is known about the effect of Lactobacillus strains on atopic dermatitis via keratinocytes, which comprise the physical barrier of the skin. In this study, we report that Lactobacillus strains have a significant suppressive effect on tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced expression and production of thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC), a T helper 2 cell chemokine responsible for atopic dermatitis, in human keratinocytes. An RNA interference study showed that the effect of Lactobacillus reuteri strain Japan Collection of Microorganisms (JCM) 1112, the most suppressive strain, depended on the presence of Toll-like receptor 2 and the induction of A20 (also known as TNF-α-induced protein 3) and cylindromatosis in HaCaT cells. Topical application of a water-soluble extract of homogenised JCM 1112 cells significantly suppressed the development of house dust mite-induced atopic skin lesions and TARC expression at the lesion sites in NC/Nga mice. Our study provides new insights into the use of Lactobacillus strains as suppressive agents against keratinocyte-involved atopic inflammation of the skin.
Lactobacillus fermentum UCO-979C beneficially modulates the innate immune response triggered by Helicobacter pylori infection in vitro
Authors: Garcia-Castillo V. , Zelaya H. , Ilabaca A. , Espinoza-Monje M. , Komatsu R. , Albarracín L. , Kitazawa H. , Garcia-Cancino A. , Villena J.
Published: May 2018

Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with important gastric pathologies. An aggressive proinflammatory immune response is generated in the gastric tissue infected with H. pylori, resulting in gastritis and a series of morphological changes that increase the susceptibility to cancer development. Probiotics could present an alternative solution to prevent or decrease H. pylori infection. Among them, the use of immunomodulatory lactic acid bacteria represents a promising option to reduce the severity of chronic inflammatory-mediated tissue damage and to improve protective immunity against H. pylori. We previously isolated Lactobacillus fermentum UCO-979C from human gastric tissue and demonstrated its capacity to reduce adhesion of H. pylori to human gastric epithelial cells (AGS cells). In this work, the ability of L. fermentum UCO-979C to modulate immune response in AGS cells and PMA phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-differentiated THP-1 (human monocytic leukaemia) macrophages in response to H. pylori infection was evaluated. We demonstrated that the UCO-979C strain is able to differentially modulate the cytokine response of gastric epithelial cells and macrophages after H. pylori infection. Of note, L. fermentum UCO-979C was able to significantly reduce the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in AGS and THP-1 cells as well as increase the levels of immunoregulatory cytokines, indicating a remarkable anti-inflammatory effect. These findings strongly support the probiotic potential of L. fermentum UCO-979C and provide evidence of its beneficial effects against the inflammatory damage induced by H. pylori infection. Although our findings should be proven in appropriate experiments in vivo, in both H. pylori infection animal models and human trials, the results of the present work provide a scientific rationale for the use of L. fermentum UCO-979C to prevent or reduce H. pylori-induced gastric inflammation in humans.
Multi-mycotoxin screening of feed and feed raw materials from Africa
Authors: Gruber-Dorninger C. , Jenkins T. , Schatzmayr G.
Published: May 2018

As animal feed is prone to infestation with mycotoxin-producing fungi, mycotoxin contamination of feed should be monitored. Here, we report a multi-mycotoxin survey of feed samples from Africa. We determined the concentrations of aflatoxins, fumonisins, deoxynivalenol, T-2 toxin, zearalenone and ochratoxin A in 1,045 samples of finished feed and feed raw materials (maize, maize silage, other cereals, etc.) from South Africa and 318 samples from Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco, Senegal, Côte d’Ivoire, Nigeria, Ghana, Namibia, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia and Madagascar. We compared the measured mycotoxin concentrations to regulatory limits or guidance values that are in effect in the European Union and analysed the co-occurrence of these mycotoxins. To determine the occurrence of other fungal secondary metabolites, a subset of the samples was analysed using a multi-analyte liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry-based method for the simultaneous detection of over 700 fungal metabolites. We found that 33.3% of maize samples and 54.4% of finished feed samples from Senegal, Côte d’Ivoire, Nigeria, Ghana, Namibia, Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania exceeded the European regulatory limit of 20 ng/g aflatoxins. TheFusarium mycotoxins zearalenone, fumonisins and deoxynivalenol were prevalent in all commodities from all countries, but concentrations were in most cases below European guidance values. Concentrations of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone were correlated. Several otherFusarium metabolites occurred frequently (e.g. moniliformin, beauvericin, aurofusarin) or in high concentrations (e.g. aurofusarin, fusaproliferin). Furthermore, high levels of diplodiatoxin were occasionally detected in samples from South Africa and theAlternaria metabolite tenuazonic acid was prevalent and reached high concentrations. In conclusion, aflatoxins frequently occurred in African feed samples in potentially unsafe concentrations. WhileFusarium mycotoxins mostly occurred in concentrations below European guidance values, a correlation between deoxynivalenol and zearalenone concentrations suggests that toxicological interactions of these compounds deserve attention. Several less investigated fungal secondary metabolites occurred frequently or reached high concentrations.
Arquitecturas efímeras y escenografías de propaganda franquista durante la guerra civil española
Authors: Bernal López-Sanvicente Amparo
Published: May 2018

En el gobierno provisional de Franco constituido durante la guerra, el Departamento de Plástica del Servicio Nacional de Propaganda congregó a un pequeño equipo de artistas plásticos que tuvieron la oportunidad de liberarse de su destino en el frente para dedicarse a la construcción de la imagen del Nuevo Estado. La Sección de Arquitectura de este departamento se encargaba del diseño de la arquitectura y la escenografía que requerían los actos y ceremonias del gobierno con los que se pretendía mostrar una ciudad dignificada por el nuevo orden social. La arquitectura de propaganda proyectada durante la guerra tuvo carácter efímero y escenográfico, pero en esta etapa también se construyó otra arquitectura de iniciativa castrense, destinada a consolidar el imaginario formal de la arquitectura de propaganda franquista.
RFID Anti-Collision Technology in Big Data Environment
Authors: Chen Buying
Published: May 2018

Along with the rapid development of Web of Things, the RFID technology is widely applied in every field, but today, the great challenge we face is how to avoid information conflict and collision in the process of acquisition and treatment of massive information. It is the keystone of the study. This paper conducts a comparative analysis on different Tree-based algorithms as improved, and integrated with multiple sub-cycle response mechanism, a Multi-Response Collision Tree algorithm is proposed. And beyond that, this paper simulates and analyzed this algorithm and other improved ones. The results reveal that, compared to other algorithms, MRCT algorithm features a better performance, less recognition cycles, least query time slots on average, and ceiling throughput rate.
A Logistics Status Real-time Tracking System Based on Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Chen Zeyun
Published: May 2018

The progress in the economic society has driven the rapid development of the logistics industry. In the face of increasingly enormous and complicated logistics systems, it is of great practical significance to study how to effectively control the logistics process, minimize the labour cost and provide real-time monitoring data for users. For this purpose, this paper designs an active logistics status tracking (ALST) system platform based on Wireless sensor network (WSN). This paper, by fully integrating the characteristics of WSN, designs the system architecture based on the design philosophy of active logistics status tracking method; it also constructs and realizes the hardware function modules such as wireless sensor node, vehicle gateway, user terminal and backend server etc., and adopts the finite-state machine (FSM)-based active tracking model to maintain the logistics object status; and then it carries out programming of wireless sensor node active state tracking in TinyOS2.x, and finally performs system test under normal operation. The active logistics status tracking system can be widely applied in the logistics industry, to optimize the logistics process, reduce losses and improve logistics operation efficiency.
Wireless Sensor Networks Topology Model Based on Energy Consumption and Life Cycle
Authors: Jia Ruo
Published: May 2018

Regarding the disadvantages of Wireless Sensor Networks such as random node failure, imbalanced network energy consumption, and shorter life cycle etc., the paper proposes an improved evolving model with an overall integration of fault-tolerance topology and network energy consumption, as a fusion mechanism optimizing the original node degree, generation ability and node distance in the model; it also validates the advantages of the improved model in terms of network life cycle, residual energy of node, node spacing and fault tolerance etc. by comparing the model with the optimized model of traditional sensor. With the establishment of WSNs energy consumption model, the paper evaluates the network life cycle and analyses the influence of node spacing and residual energy of node on WSNs, by adopting which as the fitness functions of the model, a scale-free fault tolerance topology evolving model with link deletion mechanism is constructed. The simulation comparison shows that the topology structure of the improved model has significant scale-free characteristics, a balanced network energy consumption and a long network life cycle; it can also effectively increase the fault tolerance and intrusion tolerance of network.
Life Cycle and Intrusion Tolerance Optimization Topology Models for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Lei Jinhui , Tian Xiyan , Zhang Zhixia
Published: May 2018

Wireless sensor networks have such disadvantages as upper limit of node energy and poor intrusion tolerance, etc. In light of these disadvantages, by analyzing such key parameters as residual energy, load, node degree, this paper proposes a wireless sensor network (WSN) life-cycle model, which fully considers node energy consumption and load fault tolerance, and a scale-free intrusion tolerance and targeted attacks optimization topology model. Then it verifies their feasibility through simulation test. The results show that the WSN life cycle model takes into account the impacts of residual energy and load capacity on the life cycle and fault tolerance of the system and improves the connectivity probability of high energy consumption nodes and small load nodes, leading to more uniform energy consumption of the wireless sensor network. Through the load adjustment coefficient, the life cycle of the network model is significantly increased. The simulation results show that the fault tolerance and survival time of the proposed model are both improved to some extent compared with those of other models. The proposed scale-free intrusion tolerance and targeted attacks optimization topology model optimizes the power exponent of the network using the structure entropy, and the established scale-free topology structure can make the model more tolerant to intrusion. The simulation results show that the intrusion tolerance of the algorithm proposed in this paper is 2.5 times that of the traditional network model, and the average life cycle is also significantly increased compared to those of other models.
Dynamic Fault Tolerant Topology Control for Wireless Sensor Network Based on Node Cascading Failure
Authors: Xiao Yang
Published: May 2018

To address the node cascading failure (CF) of the wireless sensor networks (WSNs), considering such factors as node load and maximum capacity in scale-free topology, this paper establishes the WSN dynamic fault tolerant topology model based on node cascading failure, analyses the relationships between node load, topology and dynamic fault tolerance, and demonstrates the proposed model through simulation test. It studies the effects of topology parameter and load in case of random node failure in the network node cascading failure, and utilizes the theoretical derivation method to derive the structural feature of scale-free topology and the capacity limit for the WSNs large-scale cascading failure, effectively enhancing the cascading fault tolerance of traditional WSNs. The simulation test results show that, with the degree distribution parameter C increasing, the minimum network node degree will increase accordingly, and in highly intensive topology, the dynamic fault tolerance will be better; with the parameter λ increasing, the maximum degree of the network node will gradually decrease, and the degree distribution of topology structure tends to be uniform, so that the large-scale cascading failure caused by node failure will have less influence on the WSN, and further improve the dynamic fault tolerance performance of the system.
Improvement of DV-Hop Algorithm Based on RSSI Ratio Correction
Authors: Yang Xiaoying , Zhang Wanli , Song Qixiang
Published: May 2018

This paper aims to improve the positioning accuracy of the traditional DV-hop algorithm in networks of uneven node distribution. For this purpose, an improved algorithm was proposed that reduces the errors in terms of the hop count, the mean single-hop distance of anchor nodes and the mean single-hop distance of unknown nodes. Specifically, the hop count was modified based on the RSSI value of the node and the critical RSSI ratio; the mean single-hop distance of anchor nodes was corrected based on the ratio of the single-hop RSSI path length between two nodes to the mean single-hop RSSI path length (i.e. the correction factor); the mean single-hop distance of unknown nodes was divided into two sections to achieve better estimation of the distance between anchor nodes and unknown nodes. The simulation results indicate that the improved algorithm boasts better positioning accuracy and stability than the contrastive algorithms, with the addition of a few computing and communication overhead. The research findings shed new light on the accurate positioning of nodes in wireless sensor networks (WSNs).
Acceptance of Remote Experiments in Secondary Students
Authors: Dintsios Nikos , Artemi Stamatia , Polatoglou Hariton
Published: May 2018

In this work, we present research results concerning students’ acceptance of the implementation of remote experiments in secondary education. We discuss-analyze two discrete ways of conducting remote experiments and we compare the pertinent data on acceptance. Disparities emerge when the same remote experiments are used as demonstration experiments in classroom and by the students from their own place (assigned homework). The latter seems to be more the favorable for the students to participate in remote experimentation.
Increasing Detection by Reducing Disturbance and Excluding Nontarget Small Mammal Species: An Occupancy Study Approach
Authors: Oddy Donna M. , Stolen Eric D. , Gann Shanon L. , Legare Stephanie A. , Weiss Stephanie K. , Holloway-Adkins Karen G.
Published: May 2018

Track tubes are a noninvasive, efficient method to monitor populations of small mammals that can be implemented on a large landscape scale and are a cost-effective approach for certain sampling situations. As with all field sampling tools, modifications are made depending on research objectives, habitat being sampled, and target species. We conducted two experiments with the objective to increase efficiency and decrease labor while retaining high detection probabilities as part of an Annual Multi-Agency Regional Southeastern Beach Mouse Peromyscus polionotus niveiventris Habitat Occupancy Survey. We conducted studies along a contiguous 72-km coastline of the Cape Canaveral Barrier Island Complex in east-central Florida, USA, that includes the Kennedy Space Center, Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, and Canaveral National Seashore. We conducted the experiments to address several issues that had regularly compromised our survey data. One experiment assessed the ideal length of deployment times for track tubes in various habitat types with multiple species where southeastern beach mice were previously detected. Another experiment, determined how to restrict certain meso-mammal species (raccoons Procyon lotor, and eastern spotted skunks Spilogale putorius) from knocking over the tubes or reaching into the tubes, thus reducing disturbance that results in missing data; or from entering the tubes (cotton rats Sigmodon hispidus), thereby obscuring any potential or actual footprints of the southeastern beach mouse or other targeted species. We observed an increase in the detection rate of southeastern beach mice in track tubes with increased nights of deployment (likelihood ratio test χ2 = 18.71, df = 3, P < 0.001) with the greatest increase between 3 nights and 6 nights and apparent leveling off between nights 9 and 12 and a large decrease in the detection rate of southeastern beach mice in track tubes with 0.5-in. (1.3-cm) excluders compared with the other-size excluders (likelihood ratio test χ2 = 167.89, df = 5, P < 0.001). We also found that 1-in. (2.5-cm) excluders prevented access by meso-mammals or entry by cotton rats and did not adversely affect the detection of either beach mice or cotton mice Peromyscus gossypinus, but did reduce disturbance and resulted in fewer missing data. These statistically significant process improvements have application for others involved with small mammal monitoring and species management.
Short-Term Mortality and Retention Associated with Tagging Age-0 Walleye Using Passive Integrated Transponders Without Anesthesia
Authors: Dembkowski Daniel J. , Isermann Daniel A. , Sass Greg G.
Published: May 2018

The ability to individually mark juvenile fishes has important implications for fisheries management. For example, marking age-0 Walleye Sander vitreus could provide important information not provided by batch-marking, including individual variation in growth and estimates of length-dependent survival and recruitment. However, the relatively small size of age-0 Walleye in northern temperate lakes has precluded use of many common tagging methods that provide information on individual fish (e.g., various anchor tags, jaw tags). Consequently, we evaluated short-term mortality and retention associated with using 12-mm passive integrated transponders (PITs) to mark age-0 Walleye (total length range = 93–216 mm; mean total length = 157 mm) by conducting 48-h within-lake net-pen trials and 7-d hatchery trials during September–October of 2015 and 2016. We did not anesthetize age-0 Walleye prior to PIT tagging. Our assessment allowed us to determine whether post-tagging mortality and PIT retention varied in relation to implant location (i.e., body cavity or pelvic girdle), fish length, and water temperature. During 2015, mean 48-h mortality rate of age-0 Walleye tagged with PITs in the body cavity was low (mean = 7%; SE = 3%) and did not differ from that of fish marked with only a fin clip (mean = 4%; SE = 2%) and reference fish (mean = 2%; SE = 1%). During 2016, mean mortality rates ranged from 2% (reference fish) to 6% (PIT inserted into pelvic girdle) and did not differ among treatments. During both years, mortality rates for nearly all treatments were highest (> 13%) when water temperatures were ≥ 20°C, but decreased below 5% when water temperatures were ≤ 17°C. During 2016, dead age-0 Walleye in both PIT treatments were smaller than fish that survived. During the 7-d hatchery trials, mean mortality rates were higher for age-0 Walleye with PITs inserted into the body cavity (mean = 13%; SE = 4%) than fish that received a PIT in the pelvic girdle (mean = 4%; SE = 1%) and reference fish (mean = 4%; SE = 2%). Retention of PITs was high (> 96%) during all net-pen and hatchery trials. Collectively, our results suggest that fisheries personnel can use PITs to tag age-0 Walleye without anesthesia with the expectations of high initial retention and low mortality. Mortality rates may be minimized by implanting PITs into the pelvic girdle when water temperatures are ≤ 17°C.
Grammaticalité et changement d’acceptabilité : le cas de help
Authors: Pinson Mathilde
Published: May 2018

Le but de cette contribution est d’établir quel rôle les facteurs processuels jouent dans l’évolution de l’acceptabilité à partir de deux études de cas : la complémentation infinitive du verbe help (avec ou sans to) et la distribution de la construction [capacité + help]. Les corpus sélectionnés pour cette étude, en particulier COHA et l’Old Bailey, révèlent que ces facteurs ne contribuent pas simplement à expliquer la basse fréquence des structures marginales, mais peuvent même être considérés comme le moteur initiant le changement linguistique, confirmant ainsi la prédiction de Rohdenburg (2003 : 243). Le principe d’horror aequi (Brugmann 1909) s’avère être le facteur initial ayant mené à la disparition actuelle de to après help et les difficultés de traitement cognitif s’avèrent être responsables de l’obsolescence de la construction [capacité + help]NPI. En limitant la fréquence de certaines structures, ces facteurs processuels contribuent à diminuer la familiarité des locuteurs avec ces structures, ce qui finit par affecter leurs jugements d’acceptabilité, et, à terme, la grammaire de la langue.
How Are Three Syntactic Types of Subordinate Clauses Different in Terms of Informational Weight?
Authors: Lelandais Manon , Ferré Gaëlle
Published: May 2018

À partir d’un corpus vidéo de conversation spontanée en anglais, notre étude s’attache à déterminer dans le cadre de l’Analyse de Discours Multimodale si différents types syntaxiques de constructions subordonnées expriment tous de l’information d’arrière-plan. En syntaxe, les constructions subordonnées sont décrites comme des structures dépendantes, qui spécifient ou élaborent l’information de premier plan dans le discours. Si de nombreux travaux se consacrent à leurs caractéristiques verbales, peu d’études choisissent d’examiner l’articulation entre les différentes modalités communicatives lors de leur production, et de fournir une vision plus nuancée de leur apport informationnel. En montrant que les constructions sous étude n’expriment pas les mêmes types de foci selon la façon dont les locuteurs utilisent les modalités prosodique et gestuelle pour exprimer plus ou moins de proéminence, les résultats suggèrent que la création de focalisation s’appuie majoritairement sur des indices de nature gestuelle. Des changements dans la configuration modale au fil de la séquence discursive contenant une subordonnée indiquent quant à eux que les modalités verbale, vocale, et gestuelle constituent des ressources dynamiques et flexibles pour exprimer de l’information d’arrière-plan ou de premier plan, en fonction de leur type syntaxique.
Vers une tentative d’uniformisation du traitement accentuel des composés savants suffixés en anglais contemporain
Authors: Fournier Pierre
Published: May 2018

Le fonctionnement du système accentuel des composés savants suffixés en anglais contemporain est complexe. La prise en compte des frontières morphologiques et de l’influence des bases pré-suffixales permettent de mettre en évidence le potentiel d’attractivité de ces bases vis-à-vis de la position de l’accent principal. Ces bases sont ainsi étiquetées comme attractives, non-attractives ou semi-attractives. Cet article confronte la validité de cette classification établie sur l’analyse des composés savants en -ous, en étudiant l’accentuation des mêmes bases suffixées en -al, suffixe qui entretient des propriétés comparables à celles de -ous. La constitution d’une typologie des bases opérée selon leur potentiel d’attractivité et valide en tout type de suffixation, s’avère délicate car d’autres facteurs paraissent également avoir un effet déterminant sur l’accentuation.
Poetic Inspiration and the Contextualization of Misunderstanding
Authors: Mason Catharine
Published: May 2018

This paper focuses on performance ethnography in which an academically trained ethnographer produces a corpus of culturally configured verbal art in professional association with a competent performer of the culture of study. More specifically, we will consider the role of inspiration in bridging the gap(s) between cultural references and expressions that are grounded in distinctly different semiotic systems. A stylistic study of Victoria Howard’s “I and my sister‑cousin” (Clackamas Chinook) as told to Melville Jacobs during their ethnographical recording sessions in 1929 will highlight dialogical and contextual indices to artistic motivation inspired by the linguist’s misunderstanding of spiritual beliefs and practices.
Inspiration et enchantement chez deux poètes de langue indo‑européenne
Authors: Leavitt John
Published: May 2018

Les recherches sur les sociétés de langue indo‑européenne font apparaître ce qui semble être une conception commune du poète et de sa fonction : selon cette conception, le poète serait un maître de la parole, que son savoir‑faire rend capable de procurer à son patron la renommée, et ainsi une certaine immortalité. Le présent article met en parallèle ce modèle indo‑européen hypothétique avec deux figures historiques : le poète irlandais à demi légendaire Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh et un chanteur de l’Himalaya central justement célébré, Gopī Dās.
De la poésie touarègue à la saudade portugaise…
Authors: Casajus Dominique
Published: May 2018

Le maître mot de la poésie touarègue classique est äsuf, un terme qui, par certaines de ses acceptions, se rapproche du français « solitude », mais le mot désigne aussi la nostalgie de l’être aimé ou du pays perdu, acception qui n’est pas rendue en français par « solitude ». Or, du xiie au xvie siècle, les troubadours galégo‑portugais, puis les poètes portugais écrivant dans ce qu’on appelle le castillan lusitanien, disposaient d’un mot, dérivé du latin solitas, qui avait exactement le même champ sémantique que äsuf. Il s’agit du mot dont la forme castillane était soledad et la forme proprement portugaise soedade, soydade, ou suydade. Par la suite, soedade est devenu saudade, qui n’a plus que le sens de « nostalgie », tandis que soledad, qui existe encore en castillan, a gardé toutes ses anciennes acceptions. On évoque ici le cheminement de ces termes, qui ont eu, et qui ont encore tant d’importance dans la poésie portugaise.
A2A Adenosine Receptor Gene Deletion or Synthetic A2A Antagonist Liberate Tumor-Reactive CD8+ T Cells from Tumor-Induced Immunosuppression
Authors: Kjaergaard Jorgen , Hatfield Stephen , Jones Graham , Ohta Akio , Sitkovsky Michail
Published: May 2018

Tumor hypoxia–driven accumulation of extracellular adenosine was shown to facilitate tumor evasion by engaging the immunosuppressive, intracellular cAMP-elevating A2 adenosine receptors (A2R) on tumor-reactive effector T cells, but there remains a need for careful evaluation of the limiting factors and properties of A2R blockade–enabled antitumor immunity. In studies of A2AR and/or A2BR gene–deficient mice, we found that A2AR deletion—but not A2BR deletion—liberates endogenous CD8+ T cell antitumor immunity against weakly immunogenic MCA205 sarcomas. Studies of adoptively transferred A2AR−/−, A2BR−/−, or A2AR−/−/A2BR−/− tumor-reactive T cells confirmed that immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment was mediated by A2AR on CD8+ T cells. Treatment with A2AR antagonist mimicked A2AR gene deletion in adoptive T cell immunotherapy. This therapeutic benefit of targeting A2AR was independent of the anatomical location of tumor growth. The enhanced antitumor reactivity also led to the eradication of established intracranial tumors, which was associated with mouse survival and the maintenance of long-lasting, tumor-specific immunological memory. The blockade of the A2AR on adoptively transferred T cells by synthetic A2AR antagonist led to higher levels of IFN-γ secretion by tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells. These data clarify the mechanism of hypoxia-driven immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment by A2AR on tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells and show that selective A2AR antagonists can be effective in improving the outcomes of T cell–based immunotherapies. Demonstration of the T cell dose dependency of tumor rejection points to a major limitation of current cancer immunotherapies, in which the presence of sufficient numbers of tumor-reactive T cells in a patient is not known.
ATXN3 Positively Regulates Type I IFN Antiviral Response by Deubiquitinating and Stabilizing HDAC3
Authors: Feng Qian , Miao Ying , Ge Jun , Yuan Yukang , Zuo Yibo , Qian Liping , Liu Jin , Cheng Qiao , Guo Tingting , Zhang Liting , Yu Zhengyuan , Zheng Hui
Published: May 2018

Ataxin-3 (ATXN3) belongs to the Josephin family of deubiquitinases. So far, ATXN3 is majorly linked to the neurodegenerative disease, Machado–Joseph disease. The role of ATXN3 in the antiviral function has not been explored, and the in vivo deubiquitinating activity of ATXN3 remains largely unknown. In this study, we report that ATXN3 is an important positive regulator of type I IFN (IFN-I)–mediated antiviral activity in murine primary lung cells and human epithelial and fibroblast cell lines. We clarify that ATXN3 does not promote IFN-I production, but enhances the IFN-I–mediated signaling pathway. Furthermore, ATXN3 physically interacts with histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) and upregulates the level of HDAC3 protein. Moreover, ATXN3 deubiquitinates HDAC3, thereby enhancing HDAC3 protein stability. Interestingly, the interaction between ATXN3 and HDAC3 increases during viral infection, which promotes IFN-I–induced signaling in murine primary lung cells. Finally, we reveal the ATXN3/HDAC3 axis–mediated regulation of IFN-I antiviral response. These findings reveal a novel biological function of ATXN3 and an important antiviral mechanism by which the deubiquitinase ATXN3 positively regulates IFN-I antiviral response, and they may provide a novel strategy for enhancing IFN-based antiviral therapy.
Eulophia euglossa newly recorded for Kenya and Tanzania
Authors: Luke Quentin , Bytebier Benny
Published: May 2018

Background: The orchid flora of East Africa is well documented. Nevertheless, new country records are still being discovered.Objectives: To further document the orchid flora of East Africa.Method: Herbarium collections and databases were studied. Relevant published literature was consulted.Results: Eulophia euglossa is newly recorded for Kenya and Tanzania.Conclusion: The newly recorded species increases our understanding of the orchid diversity in East Africa and underlines the need for continued botanical inventories.