bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of 1% Povidone-Iodine in the Treatment of Anterior Blepharitis—Randomized Single-Center Controlled Trial
Authors: Assayag Elishai , Abulafia Adi , Teren David , Gelman Evgeny , Givoni Hila , Zadok David
Published: November 2024

Background: Anterior blepharitis (AB) is a chronic eyelid inflammation with no definitive cure. Objectives: To assess the safety and efficacy of a 1% povidone-iodine (PVI) ophthalmic solution lid scrub compared to formulated eyelid wipes in treating AB. Design: A prospective, randomized, controlled, observer-masked, paired-eye trial. Methods: Sixty-three AB patients were randomly assigned to a 30-day treatment in which one eye underwent a daily lid scrub with 1% PVI solution (1% PVI group), while the fellow eye was treated with formulated eyelid wipes (control group). Clinical outcomes, such as blepharitis signs, tear breakup time, and corneal staining, were evaluated at study enrollment and exit visits. Symptom assessments utilized the visual analog scale (VAS) per eye and the ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire. Results: Fifty-two patients (mean age 62.3 years, 53.8% females) completed the treatment, while seven patients were lost to follow-up, three were non-compliant, and one sustained an eye trauma. After 30 days, both the 1% PVI and control groups exhibited significant improvements in symptoms, blepharitis signs, and corneal staining (p < 0.05). The 1% PVI scrubs were equally effective as eyelid wipes in most outcomes (p = 0.480) and superior in alleviating eyelid erythema (p = 0.007). Only the 1% PVI group showed a positive correlation between OSDI and VAS score improvements (r (52) = 0.353, p = 0.01). No adverse events related to either treatment modality were reported. Conclusions: A 1% PVI solution is an effective, safe, and well-tolerated treatment option for AB and is superior to formulated eyelid wipes in several subjective and objective measures.
Lumbar Magnetic Resonance Imaging Shows Sex-Specific Alterations During Musculoskeletal Aging—A Radio-Anatomic Investigation Involving 202 Individuals
Authors: Balling Horst , Holzapfel Boris Michael , Böcker Wolfgang , Simon Dominic , Reidler Paul , Arnholdt Joerg
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Musculoskeletal aging can clinically hardly be distinguished from degenerative disease, especially if symptoms are nonspecific, like lower back pain and reduced physical resilience. However, age-related changes are considered to be physiological until they cause osteoporotic fractures or sarcopenia-related restrictions. This radio-anatomic investigation examines whether findings in lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) mirror age- and sex-related musculoskeletal differences that help to identify the onset of sarcopenia. Methods: Lumbar MRI investigations from 101 women and 101 men were retrospectively evaluated for vertebral and muscular cross-sectional diameter sizes and T2-signal intensities (“T2-brightness”) in axial sections in the L5-level. The results were correlated with the individual’s age to find specific alterations that were indicative of sarcopenia or attributable to the aging process. Results: In women (average age 62.6 (34–85) years), musculoskeletal cross-sectional area sizes and diameters were significantly smaller (p < 0.00001) compared to those in men (average age 57.0 (21–90) years). The most pronounced structural age-related change was the increasing mean posterior paravertebral muscle brightness (MPPVB), which exceeded the mean vertebral brightness (MVB) earlier and to a greater extent in women than in men (p < 0.00001). The brightness difference (∆MVB − MPPVB) was found to indicate (pre-)sarcopenia at values below 25. Conclusions: Significant age-related deterioration in muscle quantity and quality was more obvious in women, correlated with the onset of menopause, and progressed to lower levels during aging.
Assessment of Platelet Response to Aspirin Therapy and Hemocompatibility-Related Adverse Events in HeartMate 3 Left Ventricular Assist Device Recipients
Authors: Al Asadi Hebe , Abart Theodor , Schwarz Caroline , Moayedifar Roxana , Schaefer Anne-Kristin , Marko Christiane , Messner Barbara , Zimpfer Daniel , Riebandt Julia , Schlöglhofer Thomas
Published: November 2024

Background: Patients with a HeartMate 3 (HM3) left ventricular assist device (LVAD) typically receive anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapy. The HM3 has shown a marked reduction in hemocompatibility-related adverse events (HRAEs) like stroke, bleeding, and pump thrombosis. This study evaluated whether aspirin (ASA) response influences HRAE incidence and if ASA sensitivity changes over time in HM3 recipients. Methods: This single-center, cross-sectional study included 32 HM3 patients (age: 59.0 ± 10.0 years, 15.6% female). ASA sensitivity was assessed twice using the VerifyNow assay, with ASA resistance defined by ASA reactivity units (ARU) > 550. The primary endpoint was HRAE incidence in ASA responders vs. non-responders over two consecutive follow-ups; the secondary endpoint was temporal changes in ASA resistance. Results: At the first follow-up, 13 (40.6%) patients were ASA-resistant, and 8 (28.6%) were resistant at the second follow-up, without significant change (p = 0.22). ASA non-responders and responders had similar ASA doses and baseline characteristics. No significant difference in HRAE incidence was found between ASA non-responders and responders (0.0% vs. 15.8%, p = 0.14), and no additional HRAEs occurred during follow-up. Conclusions: ASA resistance varied considerably among HM3 patients without significant temporal changes, and the demonstrated excellent hemocompatibility supports recent evidence that ASA may have a limited role in the antithrombotic regimen for HM3 recipients.
Transfusion Requirements for Severe Anemia in Acute Cardiovascular Patients—A Single Center Retrospective Study in Constanta County Cardiology Department
Authors: Ali Sevigean , Badea Iulia Andreea , Botnarciuc Mihaela , Daba Lavinia Carmen , Alexandru Andreea , Tuta Liliana-Ana , Parepa Irinel Raluca , Stanigut Alina Mihaela , Ionescu Mihaela
Published: November 2024

Background: Anemia is common in hospitalized cardiac patients and affects prognosis and cardiovascular mortality in patients with acute decompensated heart failure. Aim: to investigate the impact of anemia severity, blood transfusion practices, and the evolution and outcome in patients with acute cardiovascular events. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of the patients hospitalized in the Cardiology Department of Constanta County Hospital who required blood derivatives transfusions, between 1 January 2021 and 31 December 2021. Results: Out of the total 270 patients, 170 received a single unit of resuspended erythrocyte concentrate within the same month, while 100 required multiple transfusions, receiving between 2 and 5 units during a single hospitalization, to correct anemia. Before transfusions, the mean hemoglobin (Hb) level was 7.60 g/dL, with values ranging from 6.50 g/dL to 9.10 g/dL. Men show a higher prevalence (64%) than women (36%), likely due to gender differences in susceptibility to heart conditions. Patients with associated acute or chronic renal failure consistently experience higher in-hospital mortality in all left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) subgroups. Conclusions: Anemia in heart failure patients is linked to worsening symptoms, decreased kidney function, and higher hospitalization and mortality rates. The findings aim to inform and optimize clinical decision making, particularly regarding transfusion strategies and risk management in this high-risk population.
High-Density Lipoprotein Predicts Intrahospital Mortality in Influenza
Authors: Heinzl Matthias Wolfgang , Freudenthaler Markus , Fellinger Paul , Kolenchery Lisa , Resl Michael , Klammer Carmen , Obendorf Florian , Schinagl Lukas , Berger Thomas , Egger Margot , Dieplinger Benjamin , Clodi Martin
Published: November 2024

Background: Although it is known that high-density lipoprotein (HDL) exerts important anti-inflammatory effects and that low HDL plasma concentrations represent a negative prognostic marker in bacterial infections and sepsis, not much is known about possible implications of HDL in acute viral infections such as influenza. Methods: We performed a retrospective, single-centre analysis of influenza patients hospitalised during the 2018/19 and 2019/20 influenza seasons and analysed the impact of HDL concentrations on inflammation and mortality. Results: 199 influenza patients (173 male patients) were admitted during the 2018/19 and 2019/20 influenza seasons with a mortality rate of 4.5%. HDL was significantly lower in deceased patients (median HDL 21 (IQR 19–25) vs. 35 (IQR 28–44) mg/dL; p = 0.005). Low HDL correlated with increased inflammation and HDL was an independent negative predictor regarding mortality after correction for age and the number of comorbidities both overall (OR = 0.890; p = 0.008) and in male patients only (OR = 0.891; p = 0.009). Conclusions: Low HDL upon hospital admission is associated with increased inflammation and is an independent predictor for increased mortality in male patients with influenza A.
Alpha-Synuclein and Microglia in Parkinson’s Disease: From Pathogenesis to Therapeutic Prospects
Authors: Eo Hyemi , Kim Sehwan , Jung Un Ju , Kim Sang Ryong
Published: November 2024

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by both motor symptoms and non-motor features. A hallmark of PD is the misfolding and accumulation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn), which triggers neuroinflammation and drives neurodegeneration. Microglia, brain cells that play a central role in neuroinflammatory responses and help clear various unnecessary molecules within the brain, thus maintaining the brain’s internal environment, respond to α-syn through mechanisms involving inflammation, propagation, and clearance. This review delves into the complex interplay between α-syn and microglia, elucidating how these interactions drive PD pathogenesis. Furthermore, we discuss emerging therapeutic strategies targeting the α-syn–microglia axis, with a focus on modulating microglial functions to mitigate neuroinflammation, enhance clearance, and prevent α-syn propagation, emphasizing their potential to slow PD progression.
Effects of Supervised Rehabilitation on Psychosocial and Participation-Related Outcomes After Lumbar Spine Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Scandelli Francesco , De Leo Davide , Marino Giorgia , De Martino Emanuela , Cannizzaro Delia , Adamo Paola , Temporiti Federico
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Supervised rehabilitation has been reported to improve motor and functional outcomes after lumbar spine surgery. However, the effects of supervised rehabilitation on psychosocial and participation-related outcomes are still debated. This study aimed to systematically review the effects of supervised rehabilitation on psychosocial and participation-related outcomes in patients after lumbar spine surgery. Methods: A systematic literature search was carried out using PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, PEDro, CENTRAL, and Google Scholar databases from inception to March 2024. Randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of supervised rehabilitation on psychosocial and participation-related outcomes after lumbar spine surgery were included. Methodological quality was assessed through the revised Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials. Pooled effects were reported as the standardized mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI95) or reported qualitatively in the presence of clinical heterogeneity. The certainty of the evidence was rated through the GRADE approach. Results: Fifteen studies (1297 patients) were included. Very low evidence supported supervised rehabilitation to improve quality of life at 1 year (SMD: −0.28; CI95 from −0.49 to −0.07, I2 = 32%), while low evidence supported supervised rehabilitation to enhance self-efficacy at 6 months (SMD: −1.13; CI95 from −1.54 to −0.72) and 1 year (SMD −1.03, CI95 from −1.43 to −0.63). No effects of supervised rehabilitation were found on quality of life at 6 months or in terms of fear-avoidance belief, catastrophizing, anxiety, depression, and return to work at 6 months and 1 year (very low to low evidence certainty). Conclusions: Supervised rehabilitation improved quality of life and self-efficacy in patients after lumbar spine surgery. However, the certainty of the evidence ranged from very low to low, and further studies are needed.
Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines Expressed During the Initial Phases of Osseointegration: A Systematic Review
Authors: Baker Matt , Fernandes Daniel , Figueredo Carlos Marcelo S.
Published: November 2024

Background: Identifying patients with a strong pro-inflammatory phenotype may allow clinicians to underpin high-risk individuals based on early inflammatory marker profiles and to personalize approaches to preventative treatments. Aim: The objective of this systematic review is to synthesize the results of previous studies on osseointegration to show which pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines have been detected and quantified during the initial phase of osseointegration. Material and methods: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched for articles published until August 2024. A descriptive summary was produced to explain study variations, including patients’ characteristics and results. The methodological quality of each included study was assessed based on Downs and Black’s checklist. Results: 30 studies were selected for inclusion. In total, 710 patients received 1329 implants (an average of 1.87 implants per participant). A total of 32 biomarkers were analyzed. The overall trend observed in levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines appears to be an early peak, followed by a progressive reduction in levels throughout the observation periods. Conclusions: The available evidence suggests that a strong expression of pro-inflammatory biomarkers is a feature of osseointegration, and an over- or underexpression of certain biomarkers could have an effect on early marginal bone levels. Several of these markers are mechanistically implicated with implant pathology; however, the prognostic value of early cytokine expression and correlation with long-term clinical outcomes requires further research.
Pilot Data Suggest That Obesity and Presence of Malignancy Are Associated with Altered Immune Cell Infiltration in Endometrial Biopsies
Authors: Jacques Eline , van den Bosch Anouk , de Vos van Steenwijk Peggy , Kooreman Loes , Delvoux Bert , Romano Andrea , Werner Henrica
Published: November 2024

(1) Background: The worldwide endometrial cancer (EC) incidence is rising, amongst others linked to obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and metabolic syndrome, possibly due to low-grade adipose tissue inflammation. We studied immune cell infiltration in the endometrium in relation to diagnosis and obesity. (2) Methods: A cohort was created (n = 44) from postmenopausal women, lean (n = 15) and obese (n = 29), with bleeding complaints due to EC (n = 18) or benign pathology (n = 26). Endometrial biopsies were used to study the immune microenvironment and stained for macrophages (CD68 and CD163), T-cells (CD3 and CD8), and NK-cells (CD56). (3) Results: Malignant samples showed reduced intraepithelial CD3+ and CD8+ T-cells and increased stromal CD3+ T-cells. In obese patients, increased intraepithelial CD3+ and CD8+ T-cells were detected, especially in obese patients with T2DM. Epithelial CD56+ NK-cells were depleted in EC; however, no effect of obesity on NK-cell infiltration was observed. Stromal CD68+ cells were reduced in EC patients, whereas the CD163+ cells were increased. (4) Conclusions: Obesity and malignancy are associated with differences in immune cell presence. The alterations in immune cell infiltration seen in obese EC patients with and without diabetes suggest a complex interaction where obesity-related low-grade inflammation plays a central role.
The Multi-Component Structure of Core Strength
Authors: Schulte Sarah , Bopp Jessica , Zschorlich Volker , Büsch Dirk
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Core strength diagnostics often focus on measuring core endurance rather than maximal core strength or core power. This study investigates whether core strength can be considered as a general ability that can be measured by a single core strength test or whether it needs to be differentiated into several components. Methods: Forty-two adult sports students (nfemale = 20; nmale = 22; age: 24.0 ± 2.9 years; body height: 179.0 ± 9.8 cm; body mass: 75.2 ± 12.7 kg; body fat: 18.0 ± 6.8%) participated in two randomized testing sessions in a laboratory setting. Standard measurements, such as peak rate of force development (pRFD), maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), and holding time, were taken isometrically during four exercises (ventral, dorsal, and lateral right and left). Results: A principal component analysis (PCA) extracted three principal components from twelve different core strength variables. The three identified components explained 73.3% of the total variance and were labeled as (a) maximal core strength, (b) core endurance, and (c) core power. Conclusions: The results suggest three principal components of the core strength construct, as well as their differentiation, may be imperative. These findings should be taken into account in sport science and sports practice as they may be helpful in planning sport-specific diagnostic, performance-oriented training, and injury prevention programs.
Adaptation of Conventional Toolpath-Generation Software for Use in Curved-Layer Fused Deposition Modeling
Authors: Maissen Samuel , Zürcher Severin , Wüthrich Michael
Published: November 2024

In 3D printing, the layered structure often results in artifacts. This effect becomes stronger for surfaces with a lower ramp angle. This effect can be mitigated by manufacturing parts with non-planar layers that fit the parts’ surface geometry. Using the open-source slicing software PrusaSlicer. an algorithm was developed to modify the slicer’s input and output data in a way that fits parts with low ramp angle surfaces. To achieve consistent part quality, all layers were modified to be printed in a non-planar way. The test results indicate that the proposed methods can significantly reduce surface roughness. Although the algorithm works well for parts with a flat base and vertical walls, it would need to be highly adapted to work for different part geometries. Additionally, compared to other algorithms used in Curved-Layer Fused Deposition Modeling (CLFDM), the changed layer structure introduces a changed visual appearance of parts.
Microstructure, Physical-Mechanical, and Magnetic Characteristics of a Butt-Welded Joint Obtained by Rotary Friction Welding Technology of Bimetallic Pipe
Authors: Putilova Evgeniia , Kryucheva Kristina , Kamantsev Ivan , Priymak Elena
Published: November 2024

The development of technology, including in the oil and gas industry, necessitates the creation of materials with special sets of properties, such as high strength characteristics combined with corrosion resistance. One such material is bimetallic pipe, but we are faced with the problem of creating extended structures and obtaining high-quality butt-welded joints of such industrial bimetallic pipes. The microstructure in different parts of the thermomechanically influenced zone of a butt-welded joint of a bimetallic pipe obtained by rotary friction welding (RFW) was investigated by optical and electron microscopy methods. It was established that during rotary friction welding of the bimetallic pipe in standard mode, one metal flowed into the zone of another. This could be explained by the different plastic properties of the steels that made up the bimetal, which must be taken into account in future welding. Standard RFW mode did not result in the formation of a high-quality weld; defects and discontinuities were observed in the joint area. The maximum hardness values were observed directly in the weld joint. It is concluded that rotary friction welding can be used as a welding technology for bimetallic pipes, but the most attention should be paid to the welding mode to obtain a high-quality butt-welded joint.
Seasonal and Inter-Annual Shoreline Dynamics Along Tam Tien Beach, Central Vietnam: Insights from Satellite Imagery Analysis
Authors: Phuong Tran Thi Hoai , Quang Dinh Nhat , Viet Nguyen Trung , Yuhi Masatoshi
Published: November 2024

The shoreline of Quang Nam province in Central Vietnam has been experiencing persistent erosion, posing a significant threat to coastal communities and their livelihoods. This study analyzes eight years of Landsat-7/8/9 and Sentinel-2 images to examine shoreline changes along Tam Tien Beach in Quang Nam during the period 2015–2022, identifying patterns of erosion and deposition. The analysis of 75 transects over an 11 km stretch of sandy shoreline revealed that approximately 84% of the transects exhibited erosion, with transects 44 to 60 showing significant retreat of shoreline averaging around 2.5 m/year. The results also demonstrated a significant seasonal variability related to monsoon regimes. The translational and rotational shift of the shoreline was examined, and the influence of wave energy flux and wave direction were clarified. The study also applied Empirical Orthogonal Eigenfunction analysis to explore the relationship between shoreline translation, rotation, and rate of change. Under the expected future climate change, the study also underlines the vulnerability of Central Vietnam to severe erosion events. These findings are the key to predicting coastal impacts, designing effective protection structures, mitigating erosion, and managing coastal resources.
Comprehensive Genomic and Proteomic Analysis Identifies Effectors of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae
Authors: Wu Jiayelu , Wang Pengfei , Wang Wuhong , Hu Haijiao , Wei Qingzhen , Bao Chonglai , Yan Yaqin
Published: November 2024

Fusarium wilt in eggplant caused by F. oxysporum f. sp. melongenae is a major devastating soil-borne disease on a worldwide scale. Effectors play important roles in the interactions in pathogen–plant interactions. Identifying effectors is essential for elucidating the pathogenic mechanisms of phytopathogenic fungi. In this study, bioinformatic prediction approaches, including SignalP v5.0, TMHMM v2.0, WoLF PSORT, PredGPI, and EffectorP, were employed to screen for candidate secreted effector proteins (CSEPs) in F. oxysporum f. sp. melongenae. A total of 1019 proteins exhibiting characteristics typical of classical secretory proteins were identified, 301 of which demonstrated carbohydrate activity, and 194 CSEPs were identified. Furthermore, a total of 563 proteins from F. oxysporum f. sp. melongenae under induced conditions were identified using mass spectrometry-based label-free quantitative proteomics. These findings suggest a potential role of these CSEPs in the interaction between F. oxysporum f. sp. melongenae and eggplant, thereby contributing to a deeper understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of F. oxysporum f. sp. melongenae and strategies for disease management.
Leveraging Corporate Assets and Talent to Attract Investors in Japan: A Country with an Innovation System Centered on Large Companies
Authors: Okuyama Ryo
Published: November 2024

Drug discovery and development require significant costs and time, making investment acquisition crucial. However, there are few biopharmaceutical startups with high valuations in Japan. Unlike other countries, entrepreneurship in Japan is relatively inactive, and startups have a minimal presence in the drug-discovery field. Instead, in Japan’s innovation system, research and development (R&D) has been led by large incumbent companies, which are believed to have a wealth of promising assets and talent. This study tested the hypothesis that biopharmaceutical startups leveraging these assets and talent might be more attractive to investors by regression analysis using a dataset of Japanese unlisted biopharmaceutical startups. The results demonstrated that Japanese biopharmaceutical startups showed significantly higher valuations and total funding amounts if they were corporate spin-offs (CSOs). Additionally, they achieved significantly higher valuations and total funding amounts if their R&D lead persons had corporate backgrounds. These findings suggest that in Japan’s innovation system, which is centered on large companies, CSOs and startups leveraging R&D talent with corporate experience may be more appealing to investors.
Recovery of Perennial Plant Communities in Disturbed Hyper-Arid Environments (Sharaan Nature Reserve, Saudi Arabia)
Authors: Youssef Sami , Miara Mohamed Djamel , Boivin Stéphane , Sallio Robin , Nespoulous Jérôme , Boukcim Hassan , Almalki Sami D. , Rees Shauna K. , Lee Benjamin P. Y.-H. , Mohamed Ahmed H.
Published: November 2024

Background: Human activities such as agriculture are known to markedly affect natural ecosystems, including plant communities and soil properties. Biological activities are reduced in hot, hyper-arid ecosystems compared to temperate and tropical climatic conditions. Anthropogenic disturbances therefore have greater impacts on the ecosystem’s recovery potential. This study aimed to assess the diversity and recovery of post-agriculture plant communities in the Sharaan Nature Reserve (SNR), located in northern Saudi Arabia. Methods: Three types of habitats representative of different disturbance situations were identified in the reserve and sampled through 103 floristic and pedological surveys. The floristic composition was recognized and relative quantification of soil atomic elements was performed. The obtained data were processed using different statistical treatments such as the Shannon index and Bray–Curtis dissimilarities, non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS), Kruskal–Wallis tests and Redundant analysis (RDA). Results: Investigations led to the identification of 48 plant species belonging to 24 genera and 22 botanical families. Specific plant community structures were correlated with each habitat, and bioindicator plant species were identified. Polycarpaea repens and Stipagrostis plumosa were linked with natural habitats, while Atriplex leucoclada was specific to disturbed habitats. In contrast, Asteriscus graveolens and Haloxylon salicornicum were found to be ubiquitous species. Conclusions: The presence of bioindicator species was closely associated with the different soil properties measured in each habitat. Restoration strategies related to the overall dynamic plant community succession pattern observed in the Sharaan Nature Reserve are discussed. Active ecological restoration strategies based on targeted active ecological restoration interventions should facilitate the recovery and restoration of disturbed plant communities in hyper-arid areas.
Estimating Rainfall Erosivity in North Korea Using Automated Machine Learning: Insights into Regional Soil Erosion Risks
Authors: Han Jeongho , Lee Seoro
Published: November 2024

Soil erosion due to rainfall is a critical environmental issue in North Korea, exacerbated by deforestation and climate change. This study aims to estimate rainfall erosivity (RE) in North Korea using automated machine learning (AutoML), with a particular focus on regional soil erosion risks. North Korean data were sourced from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ReAnalysis 5 dataset, while South Korean data were obtained from the Korea Meteorological Administration. Data from 50 stations in South Korea (2013–2019) and 27 stations in North Korea (1980–2020) were used. The GradientBoostingRegressor (GBR) model, optimized using the Tree-based Pipeline Optimization Tool (TPOT), was trained on South Korean data. The model’s performance was evaluated using metrics such as the root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and coefficient of determination (R2), achieving high predictive accuracy across eight stations in South Korea. Using the optimized model, RE in North Korea was estimated, and the spatial distribution of RE was analyzed using the Kriging interpolation. Results reveal significant regional variability, with the southern and western areas displaying the highest erosivity. These findings provide valuable insights into soil erosion management and the development of sustainable agricultural and environmental strategies in North Korea.
Research on the Method of Artificial Intelligence for Identifying Urban Land-Use Types Based on Areas of Interest (AOI) and Multi-Source Data
Authors: Li Miaoyi , Zhu Ningrui
Published: November 2024

Urban land-use types, a fundamental aspect of urban planning, land management, and the effective utilization of spatial resources, are exhibiting increasing complexity. Efficient and scientific identification of large-scale urban land-use types has become a major challenge in urban research. To address this, the present study adopts a functional structure-based perspective and integrates commercial AOI data, POI data, nighttime light data, and population distribution data to classify land use. Departing from existing data weighting algorithms, this research applies artificial intelligence techniques, utilizing the categorical information of AOI data as labels. Through supervised deep learning, urban land-use types are refined into nine major categories and 21 subcategories across cities of different scales and locations. Compared to SVM, RF, and MLP models, the XGBoost model achieved the highest accuracy in classifying urban construction land (weighted avg F1 score = 0.87). Furthermore, by comparing the AOI data with real-world test datasets, the accuracy and granularity of land-use classification were significantly enhanced. Finally, this AI model, combined with remote sensing imagery and transportation network data, was used to generate a land-use map for the target city, offering insights into the generalizability of AI models in urban land-use classification.
Children’s Interpretation of Conditional Connectives
Authors: Sarısoy Duygu , Aktepe Semih C. , Gül Sena
Published: November 2024

Previous studies have shown that the uni-conditional marker if can be interpreted biconditionally in some contexts. Similarly, the biconditional marker unless may receive a biconditional interpretation in positive quantificational contexts (e.g., every) and a uni-conditional reading in negative quantificational contexts (e.g., no). However, exceptive accounts expect unless to yield a biconditional meaning in all contexts. Our aim in this preliminary study is to provide experimental evidence about how children interpret these conditional connectives. A recent study conducted with adult Turkish speakers found that unless was not semantically biconditional in either positive quantificational contexts or negative quantificational contexts (Evcen et al. 2019). We used a similar paradigm with a child-friendly adaptation to test how if (-sA), if not (değilse), and unless (-mAdIkçA) would behave with 5-year-old children acquiring Turkish. Our preliminary results indicate that children, unlike adults, disregard the antecedent hosting the conditional connective but focus only on the consequent hosting the quantifier structure. We argue this may be related to the higher syntactic and semantic complexity in these structures incurring heavy working memory demands.
Semiotic Language Use in Schoolscapes on the Arctic Borderland
Authors: Toropainen Outi , Inga Josefine
Published: November 2024

The article explores the visible, semiotic use of languages in two schoolscapes on the Arctic borderland and how these schoolscapes stimulate the learning of languages and cultures. The schools are situated in a historically multilingual area with several languages present. However, since the 17th century, the area has undergone Swedification, resulting in the current situation where all languages other than Swedish are endangered minority languages. The schoolscapes were studied through visual ethnography, and 229 photographs were analysed by qualitative content analysis. The results show that in one school in the middle of Sápmi, the Sámi languages were almost entirely excluded, despite their relevance and importance in maintaining bilingualism. Conversely, in a school where some pupils were from the Finnish side of the national border, the Finnish language was present in the form of various subject-relevant books. However, in both schools, all formal information is given to pupils in Swedish, with only a few exceptions permitted by the school management. Overall, the visual use of semiotic language is mainly teacher-produced, and the pupils’ opportunities to use the schoolscape as an affordance for active bilingualism through social participation are minimal.
Impact of Lower-Limb Asymmetries on Physical Performance Among Adolescent Female Tennis Players
Authors: Moreno-Apellaniz Nagore , Villanueva-Guerrero Oscar , Villavicencio-Álvarez Víctor Emilio , Calero-Morales Santiago , Mainer-Pardos Elena
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to determine the correlation between interlimb asymmetries and physical performance metrics in adolescent female tennis players. Methods: Twenty-five female tennis players (age: 13.29 ± 0.98 years; weight: 52.52 ± 7.31 kg; height: 162.91 ± 6.02 cm) consented to participate in this study. Their performance was evaluated using various variables, including bilateral and unilateral countermovement jump (CMJ), bilateral and unilateral horizontal jump (HJ), 180° change of direction (180COD) conducted with both the right and left legs, and a 20 m sprint. The systematic bias was evaluated by one-way repeated measure analysis of variance, Pearson’s correlation test for relationships between variables, and the kappa coefficient for consistency in the asymmetrical direction. Results: Significant relationships were found between CMJ asymmetry and the variables HJR (r = −0.47) and HJL (r = −0.44). In addition, significant relationships were found between HJ asymmetry and the variables CMJR (r = −0.60) and CMJL (r = −0.54), HJR (r = −0.64), HJL (r = −0.67), CMJ (r = −0.55), and HJ (r = −0.52). Conclusion: Jumping tests are important indicators of performance loss in female tennis players. In addition, no significant correlation was found between the 180COD and performance tests, suggesting that asymmetries in COD do not affect jump performance or speed. Based on these results, it is recommended to integrate individualized programs for each athlete to reduce asymmetries.
The Relationship Between the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire and Electrocardiographic Parameters in Predicting Outcomes After Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Authors: Rosu Andrei-Mihnea , Tomescu Luminita-Florentina , Badea Theodor-Georgian , Radu Emanuel-Stefan , Rosu Andreea-Liana , Brezeanu Lavinia-Nicoleta , Tanasescu Maria-Daniela , Isac Sebastian , Isac Teodora , Popa Oana-Andreea , Sinescu Crina-Julieta
Published: November 2024

Background: Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is an essential treatment for patients with symptomatic heart failure and ventricular conduction abnormalities. Low-ejection-fraction (EF) cardiomyopathy often involves a wide QRS complex displaying a left bundle branch block (LBBB) morphology and markedly delayed activation of the LV lateral wall. Following CRT, patients with heart failure and LBBB have better outcomes and quality-of-life improvements. Various electrocardiographic and clinical parameters are thought to be able to predict this improvement. The Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) is a reliable tool for measuring these patients’ quality of life. Methods: This is an observational prospective study featuring over 69 individuals diagnosed with cardiac failure and dilatative cardiomyopathy with low-EF and major LBBB. This study analyzed the correlations between patient outcomes and demographic, clinical, and electrocardiographic parameters. Results: Following the analysis, we observed correlations between the QRS area, intraprocedural systolic blood pressure, Q-LV interval, the R-wave amplitude in the right precordial leads and the CRT outcomes indicated by the KCCQ score. Conclusions: The parameters found and their correlation with the KCCQ score show how CRT therapy impacts patients’ quality of life, symptom burden, and functional status.
On the Salt Bath Cleaning Operations for Removal of Lubricants on the Surface of Titanium Alloy Aerospace Fasteners
Authors: Turner Richard , Edgerton Caitlin , Hobby Jack , Mierzejewski Jakub , Patel Taahir , Warnken Nils
Published: November 2024

Aerospace fasteners are a ubiquitous component within the aerospace, air-frame, and aero-engine industries due to the essential role they play in structural integrity. Ti-6Al-4V is a common material for fasteners to be manufactured from, owing to the excellent strength-to-density ratio the material possesses, allowing for weight-saving in an application where weight is penalised by loss of fuel efficiency. The manufacture of aerospace pins sees a solid-state lubricant applied over the surface of the bar stock, at the titanium manufacturers, which aids forging processing; however, this lubricant layer must be fully removed post-forging to allow for solution heat treatment operations to achieve the desired mechanical properties. Whilst the exact composition of the lubricant is proprietary to the titanium producers, this can make understanding the removal via salt bath processing difficult. As such, the lubricant has been analysed and characterised to understand the primary chemical composition of the lubricant. Furthermore, the salt bath process has been studied to understand the efficacy of the cleaning process and the impact that variation in the salt bath hold time has or that adding some method of agitation to the molten salt in the bath as it cleans the surface lubricant off the Ti-6Al-4V fastener has. The salt bath cleaning process can cause a bottleneck to the full manufacturing route for the aerospace fasteners. Results suggest that there is some margin to reduce the hold time, or that by adding in a dipping process to increase agitation, it can also allow for lower hold times.
Synthesis of N-p-Fluorothiosemicarbazone and of Bis(N-p-Fluorophenylthiourea): Crystal Structure and Conformational Analysis of N,N′-Bis(4-Fluorophenyl)Hydrazine-1,2-Bis(Carbothioamide)
Authors: Salhi Sirine , Kanzari-Mnallah Dorra , Jourdain Isabelle , Knorr Michael , Strohmann Carsten , Kirchhoff Jan-Lukas , Mrabet Hédi , Ben Akacha Azaiez
Published: November 2024

The reaction of the phosphonated hydrazone (2-hydrazineylidenepropyl) diphenylphosphine oxide 1 with p-fluorophenyl-isothiocyanate yields as a major product the thiosemicarbazone Ph2P(=O)CH2{C=N-NH(C=S)-N(H)C6H4F}CH3 (2-(1-(diphenylphosphoryl)propan-2-ylidene)-N-(4-fluorophenyl)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide) 2 along with bis(N-p-fluorophenylthiourea) 3 as a minor product. The latter compound 3 was isolated as the main product by direct treatment of p-FC6H4N=C=S with hydrazine in a 2:1 ratio. Both 2 and 3 were characterized by NMR. Furthermore, the molecular structure of 3 was elucidated by an X-ray diffraction study, revealing both intra- and intermolecular secondary interactions. A conformational DFT study, at the B3LYP/6-311 G++ (d, p) level of theory, confirms a good match between the calculated structure and the experimental one.
Impact of Sintering Aid Type and Content on the Mechanical Properties of Digital Light Processing 3D-Printed Si3N4 Ceramics
Authors: Qin Qing , Han Lin , Xiong Gang , Guo Zihan , Huang Junwei , Zhang Yujuan , Shen Zhen , Ge Changchun
Published: November 2024

Digital light processing (DLP) 3D-printed Si₃N₄ ceramics, known for their exceptional performance, offer distinct advantages in meeting the high-strength and complex structural demands of industries such as aerospace, semiconductors, healthcare, automotive, energy, and machinery. However, due to Si₃N₄’s strong chemical stability, low diffusion rate, low self-sintering ability, and high melting point, achieving densification under conventional sintering conditions is challenging. As a result, sintering additives are essential to promote the sintering process, lower the sintering temperature, improve densification, and enhance performance. In this study, 45 vol% Si₃N₄ slurries were prepared using DLP 3D printing technology, incorporating nine different combinations of sintering additives, including aluminum oxide (Al2O3), yttrium oxide (Y2O3), and aluminum nitride (AlN), in various ratios with Si3N4. The slurries were then sintered at 1800 °C for 2 h under a 1 MPa N2 atmosphere. Additionally, the phase composition, microstructure, grain distribution, and crack propagation of the materials. The results showed that a Si3N4 to Al2O3 and Y2O3 ratio of 95:2.5:2.5 produced elongated β-Si3N4 grain structures and enhanced density, achieving a maximum Vickers hardness of 12.88 ± 0.52 GPa. Additionally, the synergistic toughening effect of the rod-like β-Si3N4 grains and sintering aids significantly improved the fracture toughness of the Si3N4 ceramic matrix, with a flexural strength of 540.63 ± 10.05 MPa and a fracture toughness of 4.92 ± 0.07 MPa·m1/2. This study lays the foundation for the future application of 3D-printed Si3N4 ceramics, optimization of sintering aid combinations at different ratios, and performance enhancement in extreme environments.
The Possibility of Using Components of Plant Origin as Reinforcements in Composite Friction Materials—A Simulation-Based Braking Process Study
Authors: Borawski Andrzej , Szpica Dariusz , Mieczkowski Grzegorz
Published: November 2024

An innovative prototype composition of a composite friction material was developed. The actual values of selected parameters were determined, as described in a previous paper. It was decided to verify whether the proposed material differs from conventional materials in terms of temperature characteristics, and if so, to what extent. For this purpose, numerical studies were performed using the problem of initially boundary thermal conductivity. The braking system of a popular passenger car was used as the object of the research. A mathematical model of the studied phenomenon was developed, which was implemented in a virtual environment. The results showed that changing the reinforcement method to a more ecological one than the conventional one does not cause significant changes in the temperature profiles obtained for the adopted braking scenario.
The Photothermal Synergistic Mechanism of Rock Varnish Photoconductance Under Laser Irradiation
Authors: Miao Xinyang , An Tiantian , Wang Lijun , Xiong Shujie , Zhang Huanxi , Yi Jiahao , Zhao Bingbing , Zhao Kun
Published: November 2024

Rock varnishes, complex structures formed by long-term deposition on rocks, exhibit unique light absorption characteristics and are widely distributed across arid environments on Earth’s surface. The varnishes possess the ability to absorb and convert photons from solar radiation into electrons, which represents a newly discovered fundamental energy form in nature, with further elucidation required regarding the underlying mechanism of how semiconductor minerals respond to light radiation. The regulations governing the photoconductive responses of samples from the Alashan region in Gobi, China, and the mechanisms exhibited by rock rock varnishes under various bias voltages and irradiation wavelengths (532 nm, 808 nm, and 1064 nm) were studied. The photoconductivity response is positively correlated with the applied external bias, and the response caused by shorter wavelengths is larger. The synergistic effect was quantitatively assessed by monitoring and fitting the correlation between photoconductivity, temperature, and time during laser irradiation. As an effective method to study the fundamental physical properties of semiconductor minerals, the photoconductivity testing will help to establish a fundamental framework for investigating the intrinsic physical characteristics of natural rock varnishes.
Oxidation Behavior of Nanocrystalline Alloys
Authors: Karanth Yashaswini , Sharma Saurabh , Darling Kris , El Kadiri Haitham , Solanki Kiran
Published: November 2024

Thermo-mechanically stabilized nanocrystalline (NC) alloys are increasingly valued for their enhanced mechanical strength and high-temperature stability, achieved through thermodynamic and kinetic stabilization methods. However, their fine-grained structure also increases susceptibility to internal oxidation due to higher atomic diffusivity associated with a greater volume fraction of grain boundaries (GBs). By incorporating solutes that form protective oxides, or the so-called thermally growing oxides (TGO), this vulnerability can be mitigated. The TGO scale acts as a diffusion barrier for oxygen that slows down the oxidation kinetics and prevents internal oxidation that impairs the structural integrity of the metal. This review examines advancements in oxidation-resistant NC alloys, focusing on the interplay between grain size and alloy chemistry. We explore how grain refinement influences diffusion coefficients, particularly the enhanced GB diffusion of Ni and Cr in Ni-Cr-based alloys, which improves oxidation resistance in NC variants like Ni-Cr and Cu-Cr compared to coarse-grained counterparts. We also analyze the role of third elements as oxygen scavengers and the impact of reactive elements such as Hf, Zr, and Y in NiAl alloys, which can slow down diffusion through early establishment of protective TGO layers and enhance oxidation resistance. The concomitant effect of grain size refinement, modifications in alloy stoichiometry, and enhanced atomic diffusion is shown to manifest via drastic reductions in oxidative mass gain, and visualization of the stable, protective oxide scales is delivered through characterization techniques such as TEM, SEM, and EDS. A brief overview is provided regarding stress effects and the role of induced stress in driving oxide scale spallation, which can negatively impact oxidation kinetics. Lastly, we propose future research directions aimed at developing micro-structurally stable NC alloys through multi-solute strategies and surface modification techniques, targeting robust materials for high-stress applications with improved oxidation resistance.
Triple Rings Trepanning Technology for Holes Ablated Using Nanosecond Pulse Laser in Al2O3 Ceramics Substrate
Authors: Ye Linzheng , Zhang Wanqi , Zhu Xijing , Liu Yao , Chuai Shida , Lv Boyang , Li Tengwei
Published: November 2024

The drilling pattern significantly impacts the quality of the holes and the efficiency of laser holes processing. This study utilized triple rings laser trepanning technology to process holes in Al2O3 ceramics substrates, which were 0.25 mm thick, using a fiber nanosecond laser. The effects of the number of laser scans, laser scanning speed, the amount of defocusing, and the laser power on the geometrical features of the holes such as the hole diameter, hole roundness, and taper angle were studied. The results show that in the case of unsaturated holes, both the entrance and exit diameters expanded as the number of laser scans increased, and the taper angle reduced. In contrast, the diameter and taper angle of saturated holes remained relatively stable as the number of laser scans increased. The diameter of the holes gradually decreased as the laser scanning speed rose. The taper angle of the holes gradually increased as the laser scanning speed rose. At a scanning speed of 50 mm/s, the hole taper angle decreased to 5.51°. With a defocusing amount of 0 mm, the laser energy density on the workpiece surface was maximized, resulting in the largest exit diameter and the smallest taper angle for the hole. It is deemed appropriate to process Al2O3 ceramics substrate at a power of 30 W. Furthermore, the average roundnesses at the entrance to the holes obtained by the laser triple rings trepanning technology processed in this paper were all above 0.95, and the average roundness at the exit from the holes was above 0.93. The roundness at the entrance to the holes was better than at the exit from the holes. The results of this study will find potential application in the field of ceramic manufacturing.