bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DIGITAL IMMORTALITY AND THE METAMORPHOSIS OF POWER: A PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS OF ACCESS, CONTROL AND DYNAMICS
Authors: Smetana Vladimir Vasilievich
Published: January 2025

This article is devoted to a philosophical study of the transformation of power in the context of digital immortality - a hypothetical possibility of transferring human consciousness into a digital environment and achieving potentially infinite existence. Digital immortality is considered as a factor capable of radically changing the balance of power in society and giving rise to new forms of power, control and social interaction. The article examines the factors limiting access to digital immortality technology, such as high cost, technological complexity and ethical considerations. The social and political consequences of unequal access are analyzed, including the increase in social inequality and the emergence of a “digital divide” - a gap in access to immortality itself. The role of data in ensuring digital immortality and the problem of ownership and control over the personal data of “immortal” individuals are considered. Particular attention is paid to the risks of data abuse, manipulation of consciousness and violation of privacy. The changes in the balance of power between the “immortals” and “mortals” are analyzed, as well as the emergence of new forms of social hierarchy and discrimination. The potential for conflict and social instability associated with inequality and the struggle for resources is explored. The article uses an interdisciplinary approach that combines methods from the philosophy of technology, social philosophy, political philosophy and ethics. The analysis is based on a critical understanding of classical and contemporary philosophical theories, as well as on the study of modern trends in the development of technologies and their potential impact on society.
THE USE OF PSYCHOPHYSICAL ACTING PRACTICES FOR TRAINING MEDICAL STAFF
Authors: Semenova Yulia Alexandrovna , Kris Malena Palma Segura
Published: January 2025

New trends in the industry group of education for actual business models require careful attention and in-depth study of the modular generation of effectively working medical staff in order to improve the quality of services provided in the sector. One of the newest solutions is the use of a method of training personnel based on psychophysical theatrical practices to increase their stress tolerance and increase the volume of information consumption with its subsequent processing. The ultimate goal is always to achieve the result of the dialogue, both within the professional environment and in the external contour of the company's events. The figure of a human personality is of great importance in the methodology of training specialists. In order to increase the effectiveness of patient counseling, an author's approach based on psychophysical acting techniques is used to train doctors, which allows, taking into account a personalized approach, to implement the principle of patient involvement.
RESULT OF CONGENITAL GENERALIZED CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE AND A CLINICAL CASE STUDY
Authors: Ogureeva Diana Vasilevna , Balatsenko Alisa Alexandrovna , Frolova Irina Valeryevna , Polikarpova Irina Ivanovna
Published: January 2025

The results of active generalized form of intrauterine cytomegalovirus infection (CMVI) are manifested by significant abnormalities in the state of health, disability in 29.4%, and death in 5.1%. Objective: to determine the peculiarities of the course of the postnatal period on the example of a clinical case of generalized CMVI.
DIGITALIZATION OF NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS
Authors: Klenin Kirill Vasilievich , Morozova Irina Anatolyevna
Published: January 2025

In recent decades, the active development of information technology and digitalization of processes have been characterized by the introduction of new digital media, information sources and electronic databases. The introduction of the Internet into the public life of people with huge resources has made it possible to gain access to a huge amount of information with minimal time costs.
THE ACTUALIZATION OF ANCIENT WORDS AND THEIR MEANING IN THE MODERN WORLD
Authors: Kirillova Tatyana Sergeevna , Nosenko Gulsaniya Nurtynovna , Kostrykina Lyubov Sergeevna , Gaydenger Ekaterina Anatolievna
Published: January 2025

Today, folk speech, despite the super-technological nature of our life and the huge number of innovations, is beginning to attract close attention to itself. It should be said that in the history of each literary language there is a period when it opens up to folk speech, ancient concepts and their realities.
ICE REGIME OF THE ABAKAN RIVER
Authors: Fomicheva Nyaila Nikolaevna , Tushina Alexandra Sergeevna , Spirenkova Olga Vladimirovna , Erska Sofya Denisovna , Skobelin Vitaly Viktorovich
Published: January 2025

The study of the ice regime of rivers is mandatory when designing hydraulic structures. The thickness of the ice affects the bearing capacity of the ice sheet, which is necessary to know when setting up crossings. The empirical method allows you to determine the thickness of the ice. In the presented work, the analysis of the influence of regional conditions on the ice regime is carried out, experimental coefficients are also obtained that allow using empirical formulas to determine the thickness of ice.
THE ROLE OF FICTION AND POPULAR SCIENCE GENRES IN THE PERCEPTION OF DIFFICULT LIFE SITUATIONS IN ADULTS
Authors: Kosenkova Olesya Victorovna
Published: January 2025

This article examines the role of artistic and popular science genres in entertaining adults in difficult life situations. Fiction, through an emotional and aesthetic lens, allows readers to gain deeper insight into solar energy and empathy, which provides psychological support. Popular science works, in turn, offer an analytical approach that explains the causes and consequences of difficult situations, which helps adults better navigate reality. The article presents data from a study on the modern perception of the reading activity of older people.
PHYSICAL EDUCATION IN COMPREHENSIVE SCHOOLS
Authors: Salov Maxim Vladimirovich , Ginzburg Denis Aleksandrovich
Published: January 2025

This article examines statistical data on the deterioration of health under the pressure of modern negative trends. The percentage of childhood obesity, cardiovascular diseases, musculoskeletal diseases, weakened immunity, and deteriorating vision have increased significantly. In modern conditions, where physical activity is limited, we must teach children to independently assess the role of physical education and how to apply its means in their lives. This is proper nutrition, daily routine, the need to move more, be outdoors, hardening, and spend less time on modern gadgets.
THE ROLE OF SPHINCTERS IN MAINTAINING NORMAL PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS OF THE BODY AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THEIR PREVENTION AND STRENGTHENING
Authors: Sokolova Angelina Nikolaevna , Goncharova Oksana Vladimirovna
Published: January 2025

The article discusses the role of sphincters in the human body, their functions, and mechanisms of action. It describes different types of sphincters and their role in maintaining homeostasis. The consequences of sphincter weakness and spasms, as well as age-related changes, are highlighted. Prevention and treatment methods are considered, including pharmacological therapy, physiotherapy, and innovative approaches.
EXTRAORDINARY HUMAN ABILITIES IN THE CONTEXT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE GLOBAL DIGITAL ECONOMY
Authors: Кругляк Людмила Ивановна , Спиридонов Андрей Викторович , Вейл Анна Викторовна
Published: January 2025

В условиях развития искусственного интеллекта и цифровизации возрастает интерес к развитию экстраординарных способностей человека.

In the context of the development of artificial intelligence and digitalization, interest in extraordinary human abilities is increasing.
FORMATION OF GENERAL AND PROFESSIONAL STUDENTS' COMPETENCIES IN ACADEMIC ACTIVITIES
Authors: Чопалаева Солтанат Абдуллаевна , Нестурова Барият Магомедаминовна
Published: January 2025

В статье затрагивается проблема «Современные студенты - какие они и как их учить». Предложены инновационные методы и приёмы для формирования общих и профессиональных компетенций обучающихся.

The article touches on the problem of "Modern students - what they are and how to teach them." Innovative methods and techniques for the formation of general and professional competencies of students are proposed.
PHILOSOPHICAL APPROACH TO THE DEFINITION OF ACCESSORY IN LEGAL SCIENCE
Authors: Трухан Роман Петрович
Published: January 2025

В работе рассматриваются проблемы определения категории «акцессорность» с помощью философского подхода как начального для правовой науки. Сделан вывод о необходимости использования в качестве основы правового исследования достижений философской науки. Показана сложность и многозначность указанной категории с точки зрения ее сущностных свойств.

The paper examines the problems of defining the category of "accessory" using a philosophical approach as the starting point for legal science. It concludes that it is necessary to use the achievements of philosophical science as the basis for legal research. The complexity and ambiguity of this category are shown from the point of view of its essential properties.
ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЙ ОБЗОР ВОЗНИКНОВЕНИЯ БЛАГОТВОРИТЕЛЬНОСТИ НА РУСИ
Authors: Александрова Елена Васильевна , Искандарян Роман Араратович
Published: January 2025

В данной статье проведено краткое исследование, посвященное истокам благотворительности на Руси. Цель работы- показать, какие были училища, на какие средства содержались, что изучали, как возникла сеть воспитательных домов и т.д. Теоретико-методологическую базу исследования, представленную в работе, составляют метод архивного поиска, принципы сравнительного анализа, методы индукции и дедукции. Новизна работы, прежде всего, - в инновационном подходе к достижениям в сфере благотворительности, демонстрация эффективности российского опыта по данной проблеме.
UNAUTHORIZED WASTE DUMPING AND THEIR LIQUIDATION
Authors: Крамарева Татьяна Николаевна
Published: January 2025

Несанкционированная свалка - территория, не предназначенная для размещения отходов. Несанкционированные свалки представляют опасность для общества и окружающей среды, т.к. не соответствуют нормативным требованиям, предъявляемым к объектам размещения отходов. В связи с этим можно наблюдать достаточно сильное и продолжительное по времени негативное влияние на почву, растительный и животный мир, поверхностные и подземные воды, атмосферный воздух, здоровье людей, проживающих на прилегающих территориях.

An unauthorized dump is a territory not intended for waste disposal. Unauthorized dumps pose a danger to society and the environment, as they do not meet regulatory requirements for waste disposal facilities. In this regard, one can observe a fairly strong and long-term negative impact on the soil, flora and fauna, surface and underground water, atmospheric air, and the health of people living in adjacent areas.
THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE FORMATION OF READING LITERACY
Authors: Хэ Лидия Чушиевна
Published: January 2025

Использование искусственного интеллекта в формировании читательской грамотности младших школьников может значительно улучшить качество образования и помочь детям достичь лучших результатов в учебе. Это важный шаг в развитии образования и подготовке нового поколения к будущему.

The use of artificial intelligence in the formation of reading literacy of younger schoolchildren can significantly improve the quality of education and help children achieve better academic results. This is an important step in the development of education and preparing a new generation for the future.
IDENTIFICATION OF ALLOPURINOL IN MILD DOSAGE FORM FOR THE TREATMENT OF HYPERURICEMIA
Authors: Благоразумная Наталья Васильевна , Волокитина Дарья Сергеевна , Дуккардт Людмила Николаевна
Published: January 2025

Заболевания, связанные с нарушением выведения почками мочевой кислоты и приводящие, в связи с этим к образованию мочевых конкрементов, довольно широко распространены у лиц старше 40 лет. К этим заболевания относится подагра. К числу средств, применяемых при лечении подагры, относятся препараты, уменьшающие содержание мочевой кислоты в крови - относится аллопуринол (милурит). В настоящее время это лекарственное средство выпускается в форме таблеток. Учитывая высокие биофармацевтические характеристики гелей, как современной лекарственной формы, нами предпринята попытка разработать гель с аллопуринолом.

Diseases associated with impaired renal excretion of uric acid and, in this regard, leading to the formation of urinary calculi, are quite widespread in people over 40 years of age. These diseases include gout. Among the drugs used in the treatment of gout are drugs that reduce the content of uric acid in the blood - allopurinol (milurite) is included. Currently, this drug is available in tablet form. Taking into account the high biopharmaceutical characteristics of gels as a modern dosage form, we have attempted to develop a gel with allopurinol.
DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF INTUVAGINATION IN CHILDREN
Authors: Shamsiyev Jamshid Azamatovich , Tagaev Ilhom Ulashevich , Maxmudov Zafar Mamadjanovich , Atakulov Jamshed Ostanakulovich
Published: January 2025

Intussusception is a serious condition, especially in children, and requires a quick and accurate diagnosis, as well as effective treatment to prevent complications. This article discusses modern approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of intussusception in children, as well as presents innovative methods aimed at improving the accuracy of diagnosis and the effectiveness of treatment.
ПРАВОВОЕ РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЕ ПЕРЕДАЧИ АВТОРСКИХ ПРАВ ПО ДОГОВОРУ
Authors: Гуков Егор Евгеньевич
Published: January 2025

Данная научная статья исследует правовое регулирование передачи авторских прав по договору. В статье анализируются различные правовые основы и принципы, регулирующие передачу авторских прав, включая права и обязанности сторон, участвующих в таких сделках. Статья исследует важность четких и обязательных условий договора для обеспечения эффективной передачи авторских прав, а также потенциальные проблемы и сложности, которые могут возникнуть в процессе. Итоги данного исследования способствуют лучшему пониманию правовых аспектов, связанных с передачей авторских прав, и предоставляют рекомендации для законодателей и юристов по улучшению правовой основы.
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION MANAGEMENT
Authors: Куренков Александр Львович
Published: January 2025

Текущие методы управления цифровой трансформацией теряют свою эффективность, не успевая за изменениями современной бизнес-среды. Необходимы новые подходы и принципы, позволяющие оперативно получать оценку факторов изменений внешней бизнес-среды, прогноз их изменений, на основе которого производить оценку эффективности продуктовой линейки, что позволяет гибко и оперативно корректировать траекторию выполнения цифровой трансформации с прогнозом оценки эффективности таких действий.

Сurrent methods of managing digital transformation are losing their effectiveness, unable to keep up with changes in the modern business environment. New approaches and principles are needed that allow commercial enterprises quickly obtain an assessment of changes in the external business environment, forecast their changes, and forecast the effectiveness of the product line (and therefore the overall effectiveness of the commercial company).
CHOOSING A TOOL FOR PARSING DATA FROM AD SITES
Authors: Аскеров Салех Теймур оглы , Алёхина Елена Дмитриевна , Романовский Илья Олегович
Published: January 2025

В данной статье проводится сравнительный анализ инструментов Selenium и Scrapy для задачи парсинга данных с сайтов объявлений. Рассматриваются основные аспекты их применения, такие как производительность, удобство разработки, функциональность, надежность, точность и полнота извлечения данных.

This article provides a comparative analysis of Selenium and Scrapy tools for the task of parsing data from ad sites. The main aspects of their application are considered, such as performance, ease of development, functionality, reliability, accuracy and completeness of data extraction.
CHOOSING A TECHNOLOGY TO SEARCH FOR SIMILAR IMAGES
Authors: Серпинский Роман Эдуардович , Ермаков Ярослав Владиславович , Федоров Виктор Олегович
Published: January 2025

В данной работе проводится сравнительный анализ трех предварительно обученных моделей для поиска схожих изображений - ResNet, EfficientNet и CLIP. Изучаются особенности архитектур, качество извлечения признаков и производительность в задаче поиска по набору изображений. Экспериментальная часть включает использование стандартных датасетов и метрик оценки. Было уделено внимание выбору наиболее подходящей модели для сервиса поиска музыкальных обложек. На основании полученных данных сделаны выводы о сильных и слабых сторонах каждой модели.

In this paper, a comparative analysis of three pre-trained models for searching for similar images is carried out - ResNet, EfficientNet and CLIP. The features of architectures, the quality of feature extraction and performance in the task of searching through a set of images are studied. The experimental part includes the use of standard datasets and evaluation metrics. Attention was paid to choosing the most suitable model for the music cover search service. Based on the data obtained, conclusions are drawn about the strengths and weaknesses of each model.
COMPREHENSIVE ECONOMIC ANALYSIS FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES OF THE ENTERPRISE
Authors: Салихова Лилия Шамилевна , Щеголева Анна Александровна
Published: January 2025

Рассмотрены вопросы финансово-экономической деятельности, анализа финансово-хозяйственной деятельности, его элементов и задач, которые он призван решать и информации, используемые для его проведения. Проанализированы проблемы, влияющие на ФХД предприятия.

The issues of financial and economic activity, analysis of financial and economic activity, its elements and tasks that it is designed to solve and the information used for its implementation are considered. The problems affecting the FHD of the enterprise are analyzed.
ECONOMIC JUSTICATION OF ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT STRTEGIES
Authors: Логинова Екатерина Витальевна , Труфанова Екатерина Николаевна
Published: January 2025

В работе проанализированы вопросы стратегического управления. Рассмотрены основные научные течения, которые изучают вопросы стратегического управления деятельностью фирм. Проанализированы факторы, влияющие на эффективность стратегического управления. Рассмотрено применение системы BSC в деятельности фирм, вопросы реализации стратегий предприятия и оценки принятых стратегий.

The work analyzes issues of strategic management. The main scientific trends that study the issues of strategic management of firms are considered. The factors influencing the effectiveness of strategic management are analyzed. The application of BSC system in the activities of companies? Issues of implementing enterprise strategies and evaluation adopted strategies are considered.
Pedagogical Technologies in Online Education (Russian as a Foreign Language)
Authors:   Senior Lecturer of Nordik International University, Uzbekistan, Muratovna Sarymsakova Gulchekhra
Published: January 2025

The relevance of this issue is due to the fact that organizing educational activities using pedagogical technologies requires solutions for university education in the country. The leading approaches to the study of this issue are analysis and generalization. The main methods of distance learning are listed. The materials in this article may be useful for further research on distance education and its improvement through solving identified problems.
POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION IN WOMEN AND TREATMENT METHODS
Authors:   TTA researcher, TTA teacher of the Department of Pedagogy and Psychology, Uzbekistan, qizi Nazarova Zarnigor Rakhmatjon , qizi G'ulomjonova Nargiza Qakhramon ,   TTA students of the Treatment Department, Uzbekistan, qizi Qodirova Madina Zafar ,   TTA students of the Treatment Department, Uzbekistan, qizi Islambayeva Aziza Aybek ,   TTA students of the Treatment Department, Uzbekistan
Published: January 2025

This article aims to provide a deeper understanding of postpartum depression and develop effective treatments. The article provides information on the types of depression, etiology, causes and treatment methods.
A LOOK AT THE LIFE OF ZULFIYAKHANIM
Authors:   Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology, Lecturer at the Department of Pedagogy and Psychology of the Tashkent Medical Academy, Uzbekistan, Abdivaliyevna Askarova Nargiza , Zayliyeva Farangis ,   2nd year student of Pediatrics, Tashkent Medical Academy, Uzbekistan
Published: January 2025

This article covers the life and creative activity of the beloved poetess of the Uzbek people, Zulfiya, and her place in Uzbek literature is given a special definition. Special attention is paid to concepts such as humanity, love, affection and loyalty in Zulfiya's poems.
The antroponyms in karakalpak folk aitys
Authors:   Teacher of school No. 6, Kegeili region, Republic of Karakalpakstan, Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Philological Sciences, Uzbekistan, Pishenbayevna Nasirova Ayzada
Published: January 2025

The article analyzes the anthroponyms used in the Karakalpak folk aitys. Features of their use are studied with the help of examples. The linguo-poetic nature of anthroponyms is described on the example of the Karakalpak folk aitys.
Vision, Vulnerability, and Vehicular Safety: Bridging Policy Gaps in Road Traffic Regulation to Mitigate Global Disparities in Fatalities
Authors:   MPH, Department of Health, Wellbeing & Social Care, Global Banking School, Oxford Brookes University, Manchester, United Kingdom, Chauhan Rupali , Obohwemu Kennedy Oberhiri ,   PhD, Department of Health, Wellbeing & Social Care, Global Banking School, Oxford Brookes University, Birmingham, United Kingdom; and PENKUP Research Institute, Birmingham, United Kingdom, Sharma Shubham ,   MDS, Independent Researcher, Manchester, United Kingdom
Published: January 2025

Road traffic injuries remain a significant global health challenge, claiming approximately 1.19 million lives annually as of 2021 (WHO, 2023a). This burden underscores a critical developmental issue that disproportionately affects low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) (WHO, 2023a). These fatalities now represent the leading cause of death among individuals aged 5–29 years (WHO, 2023b), signalling an urgent need for targeted interventions. The WHO's Global Status Report on Road Safety 2023 highlights that while notable progress has been made in reducing road traffic deaths in high-income countries, where robust safety measures and healthcare infrastructure exist, LMICs continue to face alarmingly high mortality rates (WHO, 2023b). This issue aligns with several United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs), particularly SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being) (Hales & Birdthistle, 2023; United Nations, 2024) and SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities) (United Nations, 2024).
Non-Verbal Means ofCommunication: Semantics ofExtralinguistic And Paralinguistic Components ofText
Authors:   ndependent Researcher (DSc), Associate Professor, Doctor of Philosophy in Philological Sciences (PhD), Chirchik State Pedagogical University, Chirchik, Uzbekistan, Otajonova Dildor
Published: January 2025

This study examines the semantics of extralinguistic and paralinguistic components in non-verbal communication, particularly focusing on their role in legal linguistics and digital discourse. The research aims to analyze how non-verbal elements, specifically emoticons and emojis, function as meaningful signs in legal contexts and digital communication. The study addresses several tasks: investigating the manipulation potential of non-verbal signs in media discourse, analyzing the legal implications of emoji use in digital communication, and examining the challenges of emoji interpretation in forensic linguistics. The methodology employs a comprehensive analysis combining traditional linguistic analysis with modern forensic linguistics techniques. The study utilizes a socio-semiotic approach to analyze court documents, legal proceedings, and forensic linguistic reports where emoji interpretation plays a crucial role. The research also includes cross-platform analysis of emoji verbalization and interpretation across different cultural and linguistic contexts. The results reveal several classes of variations in emoji interpretation, including platform-dependent variations, temporal changes, and cultural differences. The study identifies significant challenges in standardizing emoji interpretation for legal purposes, particularly in cases involving contract formation, evidence verification, and criminal intent. The research also demonstrates how platform-specific differences in emoji display can affect legal interpretation and evidence validity. The study concludes that non-verbal elements in digital communication require specialized approaches in legal linguistics, highlighting the emergence of “emoji forensics” as a distinct field. These findings contribute to the development of more robust methodologies for analyzing non-verbal components in digital communication within legal contexts.
Weak Correlations and Strong Implications: Patient Age, Functional Status, and Caregiver Burden
Authors:   MBBS Department of Orthopaedics & Trauma Federal Medical Centre, Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria, Onome Onomuighokpo Hillary , Kennedy Obohwemu Oberhiri ,   PhD Department of Health, Wellbeing & Social Care, Global Banking School/Oxford Brookes University, Birmingham, United Kingdom; and PENKUP Research Institute, Birmingham, United Kingdom, Oboratare Ochei ,   FWACP Department of Community Medicine Delta State University Teaching Hospital (DELSUTH) Oghara, Delta State, Nigeria, Ejiroghene Ucho Clitt ,   MSC Department of Community Medicine Delta State University Teaching Hospital (DELSUTH) Oghara, Delta State, Nigeria, Ogheneruona Onodua Kindness ,   MBBS Department of Surgery [Ear, Nose & Throat (ENT)] Federal Medical Centre, Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria, Isioma Onyeogo Deborah ,   MBBS Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology) Delta State University Teaching Hospital (DELSUTH) Oghara, Delta State, Nigeria, Daniel Omofuoma ,   MBBS Department of Internal Medicine Federal Medical Centre, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria, Diane Omokiti ,   MBBS Department of Surgery Federal Medical Centre, Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria
Published: January 2025

Background: Family caregivers often face significant physical, emotional, and financial challenges when caring for surgical patients. Caregiver burden, a critical aspect of healthcare, is influenced by various patient-related factors, including age, functional capacity, and illness severity. This study examines the relationships between caregiver burden, assessed using the Zarit Burden Index (ZBI), and patient characteristics among surgical patients in Delta State, Nigeria, with a focus on practical implications for caregiving strategies.
Methodology: The study utilized a cross-sectional design involving caregivers of surgical patients at two hospitals in Delta State, Nigeria. Data were collected through interviewer-administered questionnaires. Caregiver burden was evaluated using the ZBI, functional status was measured with the Palliative Performance Scale (PPS), and illness severity was categorized as mild, moderate, or severe.
Results: Weak correlations were observed between caregiver burden and patient age (r = 0.218, p = 0.01) as well as functional status (r = -0.347, p = 0.01). However, illness severity showed a strong association with caregiver burden (p < 0.0001), with caregivers of patients with severe conditions or low functional capacity experiencing the greatest burden.
Conclusion: Although some correlations are modest, the findings emphasize the need for targeted caregiving strategies. Interventions such as caregiver education, emotional support, and financial assistance are essential to mitigate the burdens faced by those caring for elderly or severely ill patients.
Technological innovations in marine engineering: advancing sustainable fleet management
Authors:   Technical Superintendent, Tipco Maritime Company Ltd., Bangkok, Thailand, Matveev Anatoly
Published: January 2025

This article provides a detailed analysis of modern trends in technological innovations within the field of marine engineering, aimed at transitioning to more sustainable fleet management methods. The focus is placed on the implementation of alternative fuels, digital solutions for navigation optimization and vessel system control, as well as the development of intelligent energy systems that reduce fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. A significant component is the digitalization of the maritime sector, encompassing the use of big data, blockchain technologies, digital twins, and intelligent routing systems. This approach enables comprehensive vessel monitoring, increased transparency of supply chains, and more accurate operational risk forecasting.

Particular attention is given to the role of port infrastructure, as its modernization is critical for the adoption of low-carbon fuels and the establishment of "green corridors." Additionally, the importance of training personnel capable of effectively utilizing innovative technologies is emphasized, along with the need for harmonizing legal frameworks that regulate digital data exchange. The comprehensive strategy proposed in the article integrates technical and organizational aspects and aims to strengthen the economic potential of maritime transport while adhering to principles of environmental responsibility.

Thus, this study provides a thorough overview of the prospects and challenges associated with the development of technological solutions for shipping and proposes ways to address them through an interdisciplinary approach and collaboration among all stakeholders in the industry.
Persepsi Pemahaman Argumentasi Ilmiah Peserta Didik di MTsN 11 Tasikmalaya
Authors: Amiruddin Amiruddin  , Aripin Aripin  , Nana Nana  , Diana Hernawati  , Liah Badriah
Published: January 2025

Hasil penelitian di beberapa daerah di Indonesia dan beberapa negara menunjukkan keterampilan argumentasi peserta didik masih rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis pemahaman peserta didik terhadap argumentasi ilmiah di MTsN 11 Tasikmalaya . Populasi penelitian ini berjumlah 586 peserta didik dan sampel sebanyak 155 peserta didik kelas IX yang dipilih melalui teknik purposive sampling. Instrumen utama yang digunakan adalah angket berbasis skala Likert, sementara wawancara dengan peserta didik dan guru IPA dilakukan sebagai data sekunder. Komponen argumentasi ilmiah yang diukur meliputi klaim, bukti, jaminan, dan dukungan. Proses analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif mencakup empat langkah utama: (1) menghitung total skor rata-rata setiap komponen argumentasi ilmiah, (2) mengkonversi skor, dan (3) menghitung rata-rata persentase pemahaman peserta didik per komponen, dan (4) mengelompokkannya berdasarkan kategori. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persepsi pemahaman peserta didik terhadap komponen argumentasi ilmiah masih rendah di semua indikator. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara penyebab utama rendahnya pemahaman peserta didik terhadap argumentasi ilmiah adalah kurangnya pengalaman secara praktis dalam pembelajaran dalam melatihkan argumentasi ilmiah. Rekomendasi dari penelitian ini adalah perlunya perubahan strategi pengajaran dengan pendekatan berbasis masalah, inkuiri, dan penemuan, serta pengembangan bahan ajar yang melatih keterampilan argumentasi ilmiah.
Non-Implicature Sources of Exclusivity in Linguistic Disjunction
Authors: Felton Casey , Jasbi Masoud
Published: January 2025

Disjunction in natural language alternates between an inclusive reading (A or B or Both) and an exclusive  reading (A or B but not Both). Traditional accounts of this ambiguity focus on scalar implicature as the source of disjunction exclusivity, a process whereby Gricean reasoning over Horn scales strengthens the baseline inclusive reading to an implied exclusive reading (Grice, 1978; Horn, 1972; Gazdar, 1980). Despite nearly all theories acknowledging that other factors likely play a role in the generation of exclusivity implications, non-implicature factors have received comparatively little attention. Across four experiments we tested two such non implicature factors, prior compatibility and syntactic category, finding that both play a role in speaker interpretations of disjunctive sentences. Additionally, by drawing our stimuli in the first two experiments from the prior literature, we found evidence that previous research on disjunction, while accurately identifying the key role of scalar implicatures, may be overestimating the effect size thereof due to a failure to control for non-implicature factors.
Devoir, ou pouvoir, that is the question
Authors: Dieuleveut Anouk , Noveck Ira
Published: January 2025

In languages like French and English, modals express either possibility (e.g., “you can”) or necessity (e.g., “you must”). Previous acquisition research has shown that English-speaking children have particular difficulty with necessity modals: comprehension experiments show that they tend to accept must or have-to in possibility scenarios (Noveck 2001, Özturk & Papafragou 2015, a.o.); production studies show that they use them less frequently than possibility modals, and when they do, their usage is not always adult-like (Dieuleveut et al. 2022). But the cause of this “Necessity Gap” remains debated. One challenge is that past studies have focused primarily on English, where necessity modals are much rarer than possibility modals in parental speech, which could suggest that the delay is simply due to less exposure. In this study, we demonstrate through a corpus analysis of French young children’s modal use and their linguistic input, as well as experiments based on this data (following the methods of Dieuleveut et al. 2022), that the delay cannot be attributed solely to limited exposure: despite more exposure, French-speaking children experience the same difficulties with necessity modals. Furthermore, we show that these difficulties persist until children are five years old.
Experimental findings for a cross-modal account of dynamic binding in gesture-speech interaction
Authors: Erbach Kurt , Poppe Magnus , Ebert Cornelia
Published: January 2025

We report results of experiments on pronoun and presupposition binding across modalities. We show that ordinary pronouns (in the spoken/written domain) can be dynamically bound to gesturally introduced discourse referents and that presuppositions induced by spoken/written triggers (via e.g. ‘again’ or ‘too’) can be bound likewise. These experiments support research that has proposed the existence of cross-modal binding to motivate a formal framework that can account for interaction of various input of linguistic content from different dimensions and modalities.
How to compute a focus: Evidence from incremental processing
Authors: Hoeks Morwenna , Toosarvandani Maziar , Rysling Amanda
Published: January 2025

The global interpretation of a focus marked sentence with a particle like only arises due to the interplay of several formal components: F-marking, the semantics of the particle, the nature of contrastive alternatives, and a dependence on context. In this paper, we argue that on-line reading measures can be used to probe which of these com- ponents are computed when. In order to isolate which components give rise to reading slowdowns typically observed on foci (Birch & Rayner 1997, Benatar & Clifton 2014, Lowder & Gordon 2015, Hoeks et al. 2023), a Maze reading study tested whether such slowdowns still arise on second-occurrence foci (SOF)—foci whose inferences have already been computed in prior discourse and are therefore entirely predictable—and on foci whose size and location can only be determined via a previously introduced contrast. Results indeed showed slowdowns on such foci, suggesting that these cannot solely be attributed to readers computing focal inferences anew, nor to comprehenders initiating their reasoning about the relevant alternatives.
The role of definiteness in ad hoc implicatures
Authors: Eliatamby André , Tieu Lyn
Published: January 2025

This study investigates how ad-hoc implicatures and the definiteness presupposition of the definite determiner ‘the’ interact. Using a Truth Value Judgment Task (Crain & Thornton 2000), we examine whether English-speaking adults interpret the definite and indefinite determiner differently in sentence pairs such as: ‘Mary bought a striped sweater’ and ‘Mary bought the striped sweater’, in contexts in which there are two possible referents, one which is best described with one adjective (e.g. ‘striped’) and the other which is best described with two adjectives (e.g. ‘striped’ and ‘spotted’). We find more ad hoc implicature for ‘the’ than ‘a’; that is, uses of the definite ‘the’ are rejected more frequently than uses of ‘a’ when the purchased item would best be described with two adjectives. We take this finding to suggest that the need to satisfy the uniqueness presupposition of ‘the’ acts as an additional trigger for implicature generation. This result raises questions for both Neo-Gricean and localist models of implicature generation, which we briefly outline.
Modeling the prompt in inference judgment tasks
Authors: Grove Julian , White Aaron Steven
Published: January 2025

We show that when analyzing data from inference judgment tasks, it can be important to incorporate into one's data analysis regime an explicit representation of the semantics of the natural language prompt used to guide participants on the task. To demonstrate this, we conduct two experiments within an existing experimental paradigm focused on measuring factive inferences, while manipulating the prompt participants receive in small but semantically potent ways. In statistical model comparisons couched within the framework of probabilistic dynamic semantics, we find that probabilistic models structured, in part, by the semantics of the prompt fit better to data collected using that prompt than models that ignore the semantics of the prompt.
Is there a superlative rabbit in the ordinal hat? A study of ordinals vs. degree modifiers in nested definites
Authors: Coppock Elizabeth , Beaver David , Perkins Wilder , Richardson Emily
Published: January 2025

This study probes how the semantics of ordinals relates to the semantics of comparatives and superlatives. We examine this question with the help of a picture task in which participants are asked to locate objects described by nested descriptions like the candle on the first/closer/closest table, with an ordinal, comparative or superlative modifier in the inner noun phrase. We show that ordinals systematically lack the ‘relative readings’ observed for unmodified nested descriptions like the rabbit in the hat, in which the inner definite is understood with enriched content, as in the rabbit in the hat with a rabbit in it, in contrast to superlatives. Our explanation for this relies on the idea that an ordinal expects an ordering that can be provided by context.
Use of the Thunkable Platform in Preparing a Digital Arabic-Indonesian Dictionary as a Learning Resource for Arabic Language Learners
Authors: Khoiri Khabibul , Umam Lukman Habibul , Mustofa Yusuf , Puspitasari Ema
Published: January 2025

This research aims to answer the anxiety that current Arabic language learners must immediately respond to the increasingly massive development of digital technology by presenting a thunkable platform in creating a digital Arabic-Indonesian dictionary application as an independent learning resource for Arabic language learners. With the millennial generation preferring digital over printed resources, this research explores using the Thunkable platform to create a digital Arabic-Indonesian dictionary as a self-learning tool. Using a waterfall and qualitative descriptive approach, the study outlines the creation and use of the app. The data in this research are data on developing a digital Arabic-Indonesian dictionary via a thunkable platform, application user data, data on using digital dictionary features, and evaluation data on Arabic language learning using a digital dictionary. The data collection technique this research uses involves qualitative methods, providing a comprehensive overview of how the Thunkable platform can develop digital dictionaries for Arabic language learning. Meanwhile, the data sources in this research were obtained from observations, interviews, questionnaires, learning tests, application log analysis, and documentation studies, which will produce in-depth data regarding the effectiveness and efficiency of the application as a learning resource for Arabic language learners. Then, the data obtained was analyzed in several stages: data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Thanks to its translator feature and block-based programming, thunkable simplifies the process by eliminating the need for time-consuming vocabulary inventories and manual coding. The digital dictionary also works offline, offering flexible access for learners anytime, anywhere. This study demonstrates how technology can support independent learning and enhance Arabic language skills.
Rule of Law and Tax Evasion in Nigeria: Moderating Role of Public Trust in Government
Authors: Ogbomah Thankgod Oyinbrakemi , Megheze Omons , Appah Ebimobowei , Mathias Ebisintei
Published: January 2025

Tax evasion problems impact on revenue generation by the government of Bayelsa State, Nigeria. This study explores empirically the moderating role of public trust in government on the relationship between rule of law and tax evasion in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to investigate the relationship between legal certainty and tax evasion in Bayelsa State, Nigeria; the relationship between equity before the law and tax evasion in Bayelsa State, Nigeria; the relationship between fairness and tax evasion in Bayelsa State, Nigeria and the moderating influence of public trust on the link between rule of law and tax evasion in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The study anchored on the theories of economic deterrence and reasoned action and cross-sectional research design with data collected from primary and secondary sources. The Primary data comprised of structured questionnaires from a sample of 218 respondents (taxpayers) in Bayelsa State, Nigeria after validity and reliability tests while the data obtained from the respective taxpayers were analysed by using structural equation model. The finding indicated is a negative and significant link between legal certainty and tax evasion in Bayelsa State, Nigeria; a negative and significant link between equity before the law and tax evasion in Bayelsa State, Nigeria; a negative and significant link between tax fairness and tax evasion in Bayelsa State, Nigeria; and public trust in government negatively and significantly impact on the relationship between rule of law and tax evasion in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. From the findings of this study, we concluded that pubic trusts in government negatively and significantly impact on the relationship between rule of law and tax evasion in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. We recommended amongst others that public trust in government is observed to be a key driver of tax compliance and reduction in tax evasion, consequently the government needs to authentically fight against corruption and also ensure that the deployment of the country’s resources is transparent and there is accountability. When Nigerians have an optimistic perception of the government, citizens and taxpayers are more likely to comply with government rules in general and taxes in particular.
Effects of Field Trip on Secondary School Students’ Motivation and Achievement in Civic Education in Uyo Educational Zone, Nigeria
Authors: Uwah I.V. , Amadioha A.
Published: January 2025

This study was conducted in secondary schools in Uyo Educational zone. The aim was to investigate the effects of field trip on secondary school students' motivation and achievement in civic education in Uyo educational zone, Nigeria. It was a quasi-experimental design involving 80 JSS3 students. Using cluster sampling method, two junior secondary schools were drawn from 125 junior secondary schools in the educational zone. In both schools, the children were taken on field trips to have firsthand experience on the various topics and concept of Civic Education. The instruments for data collection consisted of researcher-made “Rule of Law, Human Right, Citizenship, Civic Responsibility and Democracy Achievement Test” (RHCCDAT). It also consists of the “Students Motivation Inventory” (SMI). The instruments were vetted by experienced Civic Education teachers in secondary schools as well as the experts in the field of Measurement and Evaluation. The reliabilities of the instruments as determined using 20 JSS3 students with a test-retest sub-sectional reliability coefficient of 0.75, 0.82, 0.66, 0.75 and 0.81. Then the students were given a follow-up test after a period of two weeks. Data collected using the instruments were subjected to analysis using independent t-test as well as paired sample t-test. Result indicated that there was no significant effect of field trip on students’ motivation (p=0.091>0.05). Field trip also had significant effect on students’ achievement in Civic Education (p-0.021<0.05). Finally, there was a significant retention effect of field trip as there was no significant difference between the posttest and follow up test scores. Based on this, it was recommended among others that educational implementers like teachers, governments as well as the school should re-evaluate field trip objectives and design to focus on motivation.
Global Challenges, Local Narratives: Contemporary Chinese Environmental Art and Cross-Cultural Eco-Aesthetics
Authors: Ji Yin , Idris Muhammad Zaffwan bin
Published: January 2025

Chinese environmental art, influenced by Daoism and Confucianism, focussing on the balance between man and nature. Chinese environmental art differs from its Western counterpart in two ways: unlike the former, which emerged towards the end of the 20th century in response to ecological crises, the latter combines ancient traditions with modern strategies for tackling local and planetary environmental problems. Well-known artists such as Cai Guo-Qiang, Wang Jiuliang, Yao Lu and Yang Yongliang use innovative approaches such as photomontages and explosive installations to address urbanisation, pollution and the loss of biodiversity. This convergence is also referred to as the pursuit of a cross-cultural eco-aesthetic, which has its roots deep in the history of the synthesis of traditional Chinese aesthetics with modern Western art forms such as Land Art and Conceptualism. Using selected works, the article illustrates how Chinese eco-art functions as an instrument of environmental activism and has an impact on international co-operation and environmental awareness. The discussion also explores how digital media can further promote the engagement and reach of eco-art.