bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Standard Bathboard and Adaptations
Authors: Achanzar Marisol H.
Published: March 2013

This article describes the method and the materials required for the construction of a standard bathboard that can be easily adapted (1) to fit various tub widths, (2) to raise seat height whenever getting on and off low surfaces is difficult, (3) to provide needed back support when sitting balance is impaired. These can be done through the addition of standard adjustable supports, raised adjustable supports or a backrest respectively. These adaptations can be constructed beforehand and attached on to the standard bathboard as needed.
Care of the Elderly at Home: Serving the Family in the Community
Authors: Marjoribanks Sheila D.
Published: March 2013

This is a report on a community seminar, jointly sponsored by Toronto East General and Orthopaedic Hospital and the Borough of East York. The object was to provide information, support and a milieu for discussion for those caring for an elderly person at home. The planning committee included health-care professionals and agencies from both the hospital and the community. Two questionnaires were distributed and results indicated that the objectives had been met.
Description d'une orthèse dynamique d'extension du coude
Authors: Machuca Cristina
Published: March 2013

On trouvera dans cet article la description d'un nouveau type d'orthèse d'extension du coude, qui a été conçu dans le département d'ergothérapie de l'hôpital Sacré-Cœur à Montréal. Il s'agit d'une orthèse fabriquée presque complètement en San Splint XR qui a été incluse dans le traitement de 10 patients ayant une ankylose marquée au niveau du coude; les résultats obtenus dans tous les cas ont été satisfaisants. Cet article décrit la fabrication, les ajustements et les avantages de l'orthèse.
A Community Model for Arthritis Rehabilitation
Authors: Brown Deborah
Published: March 2013

Arthritis is a widespread chronic disease which can result in severe disability. Arthritis is best managed by a triad of treatment, education, and research. A community model for arthritis rehabilitation, with emphasis on the team approach, is described and illustrated. Central to the design of the model is an arthritis centre which demonstrates exemplary treatment and has a commitment to develop education and research programs. Primary arthritis care is the responsibility of the health professionals in each community, and the arthritis centre provides the support and resources for their programs. The model is suggested as a prototype for the management of other major chronic diseases.
The Southern California Postrotary Nystagmus Test: A Validity Study
Authors: Polatajko Helene J.
Published: March 2013

The Southern California Postrotary Nystagmus Test (SCPNT) was developed as a measure of vestibular function and as a means of identifying LD children whose problems are associated with vestibular dysfunction as evidenced by hypo or hyper responsivity. The present study examined the adequacy of the SCPNT for these two tasks. Twenty normal and twenty LD children were given both the SCPNT and a rotational test of vestibular function in a blind study. The data were analysed to establish the correlation between SCPNT data and vestibular data and to determine the predictive validity of the SCPNT. Neither analysis produced significant results.

It is suggested that the SCPNT, as well as diagnoses of vestibular dysfunction based on the SCPNT, be reexamined carefully and that use of the SCPNT be suspended until such time as the benefits of using it can be shown to outweigh its deficits.
A Wheelchair Seatbelt for Elderly Patients
Authors: Walker-Ross Diana
Published: March 2013

This article describes the design, materials, use and adaptations of a seatbelt designed to support an elderly patient sitting in a standard adult size wheelchair. The seatbelt was designed in response to a growing need for positioning of the many disabled, elderly patients now found in acute-care hospitals. To-date the seatbelt has been used successfully by four different patients.
Proximal and Distal Function in Children with and without Sensory Integrative Dysfunction: An E.M.G. Study
Authors: Wilson Brenda N. , Trombly Catherine A.
Published: March 2013

Proximal shoulder muscle activity was studied in normal children and children with sensory integrative dysfunction (n = 16), using electromyography. The data revealed significant differences between the groups in the amount of muscle activity produced during pencil tasks demanding movement and control of the distal part of the extremity, and during static weight bearing and developmental postures. No significant correlations were found between the degree of skill in distal control tasks and the amount of activity of proximal stabilizer muscles. This finding presents a challenge to the therapeutic premise that distal control is dependent on proximal stability. Implications for treatment of children with sensory integrative dysfunction, and for further research, are discussed.
Le nystagmus: une revue des principes et des méthodes d'évaluation
Authors: Beaudoin Nicole , Weiss-Lambrou Rhoda
Published: March 2013

En ergothérapie, l'evaluation du nystagmus peut s'avérer un outil important pour l'étude du système vestibulaire. Cet article décrit les composantes du système vestibulaire, les différents types de nystagmus ainsi que les principales méthodes d'évaluation du nystagmus. Suite à cette revue théorique, les auteurs présentent les facteurs pouvant influencer l'évaluation du nystagmus et discutent des implications de ceux-ci en ergothérapie.
Aid to Independence — Hand Splint for Cerebral Palsied Children
Authors: Bellefeuille-Reid Denise
Published: March 2013

Many cerebral palsied children lack the ability to hold a pencil independently. This paper discusses the rationale for using a functional hand splint with the very involved cerebral palsied child. Included is a description of the splint's construction with illustrations and its advantages and disadvantages.
Sensory Integration Therapy with Learning Disabled Children: A Critical Review
Authors: Schaffer Robin
Published: March 2013

This paper is a reaction to the profound impact which sensory integration theory has had on theory and practice in occupational therapy. Five key outcome studies employing sensory integration therapy with learning disabled children are critically reviewed. In four of the five studies, the possibility of Type I error, destroying their internal validity, is strongly suggested as a result of inadequate sampling and matching procedures; lack of definition of the subject population; potential Hawthorne effect; the use of gain scores; possibility of tester bias; and absence of relevant information regarding reliability and validity of measures and levels of significance. In one of the studies, the possibility of a Type II error is evident because of unequal samples and the considerable variability among subjects indicated by the data. It is concluded that at least some of the research to date is fraught with serious methodological errors and that there is the need for controlled, systematic investigation of sensory integrative therapy.
Clinical Results of a Comparative Evaluation of Splinting Materials
Authors: Shimeld Arlene , Campbell Gordon , Ernest Marilyn
Published: March 2013

A comprehensive evaluation which includes a clinical assessment by occupational therapists and students, as well as patient users, along with a laboratory testing program has been conducted on six low-temperature thermoplastic splinting materials. After constructing a palmar working splint or palmar resting splint, the therapists and students completed questionnaires. The patients receiving those splints constructed by the therapists completed separate questionnaires after wearing the splint for one week and four weeks. The analysis of the responses revealed a series of 'desirable characteristics' for a preferred material. Although a satisfactory splint could be constructed from any of the materials, the concensus among the therapists and students showed that only two materials best satisfied the 'desirable characteristics' criteria. In general, the patient responses indicated very little difference among the materials, with very few reported problems of cracking, breaking, tearing, bending, discolouration or stretching. A series of laboratory tests that should provide a profile for a prospective or existing material, has also been selected.
A Toilet Seat for Hemi-Pelvectomy Patients
Authors: Chapman Ruby A.
Published: March 2013

A toilet seat has been designed to meet the special balance needs of a hemi-pelvectomy patient. The design is easy to follow, inexpensive to build and may be further adapted to a variety of home and hospital environments. It meets the physical needs following this amputation. Also, it aids the emotional adjustment by allowing the person the dignity of independence in his toilet needs.
The Duration and Quality of the Prone Extension Position in Five and Seven Year Old Normal Children
Authors: Longo-Kimber Josephine
Published: March 2013

This study was designed to describe the quality and the duration of the prone extension position in five and seven year old normal children and to determine the differences in the quality and duration of this position in this population. Thirty, 5-year-old normal children and thirty, 7-year-old normal children attending two elementary schools in the city of Kingston, Ontario formed the sample for this study. Each child was tested individually on the ability to assume and hold the prone extension position. Results of the study illustrated that both the five and seven year old children were able to assume a good prone extension position for a considerable period of time, and that there were no significant differences between their abilities. The results were discussed in relation to the findings of other investigators, with implications for further study.
The Pediatric Adjustable Table
Authors: Rousseau Yvonne
Published: March 2013

Out of a need for a table which could accommodate both young children and adults, an adjustable table was designed and built by our Alberta Children's Hospital staff. The table height adjusts from 18½″ to 32½″ and can be adjusted by one person. The design is described and illustrated with recommendations for further modification.
Muriel Driver Memorial Lecture 1984
Authors: Saunders Barbara
Published: March 2013

This paper provides an overview of the evolution of quality assurance within the health care industry, with emphasis on the development of occupational therapy expertise. The current concept of quality assurance, focussed on ongoing monitoring and resolution of patient care problems, is discussed. The results of a national survey are presented, relating to the development of occupational therapy quality assurance programs in the areas of: expertise in component activities, integration of facility and department programs, use of available resources, and extent of academic teaching. Predicted health care trends and their implications to occupational therapy are presented.
Appareils de mobilisation des doigts
Authors: Neault Laurier , Machuca Christina
Published: March 2013

Cet article décrit un nouvel appareil conçu au département d'ergothérapie de l'hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, en vue d'améliorer le fonctionnement des tendons fléchisseurs des doigts suite à un traumatisme. Cet appareil permet de mobiliser tôt et d'isoler l'action de muscles bien précis au niveau de la main et ainsi de diminuer le risque des adhérences. L'article décrit les composantes, la fabrication et les avantages de cet appareil à l'intérieur d'un traitement en ergothérapie.
A Survey to Determine How Occupational Therapists in Ontario Rehabilitation Units are Using Microcomputers for Patient Treatment in Clinical Programs
Authors: Marina Kathie
Published: March 2013

Thirty four Ontario Rehabilitation units were surveyed to determine how occupational therapists use microcomputers for patient treatment. Twelve rehabilitation units (35.3% of the sample) presently have microcomputers and 11 of these units have recently purchased the microcomputer for clinical use. Stroke, head injury and spinal cord injury patients were identified as the population that use the microcomputer. The APPLE 11 microcomputer was the most popular type chosen by rehabilitation units. Commercially available software programs are used for cognitive, perceptual, educational and recreational purposes. Satisfaction level with the quality of the software, however, was only 42.8%. Finally, it was noted that the speech therapist was the primary professional who liaised with the occupational therapist.
Professionalism or Unionism — The Therapists' Dilemma?
Authors: Brockett Margaret M.
Published: March 2013

Professionalism and Unionism are defined and compared. Some reasons for professionals electing to become unionised are suggested. In the context of the relationship of therapists with unions in British Columbia, two examples of labour action are described; how were occupational therapists involved in the issues which resulted in strike situations? What were the conflicts between the professional code of ethics and the union directives? How did individuals resolve these conflicts and what were the consequences? Occupational therapists must decide how they can be accountable to the profession and when that lifelong commitment takes precedence over union loyalties.
Legal Liability for Occupational Therapists
Authors: Wright Maureen
Published: March 2013

In recent years technological advances, increased social awareness, and changing moral values have brought to light many legal questions in the health field. There can be little doubt that members of our profession, as well as the public, are now very aware of the possibility of malpractice. There are critical questions and issues for the occupational therapist: How can the therapist decrease the likelihood of being charged with malpractice? What standard of practice does the law apply? How may she anticipate her conduct to be judged legally? What outcome can she expect? In fact, to date there have been no malpractice claims against occupational therapists in Canada but the Canadian Association of Occupational Therapists has arranged for malpractice coverage. Nevertheless, the therapist is responsible for administering the reasonable skill and care that are recognized as appropriate by at least a significant minority of the profession. As in all aspects of the health field, prevention is to be preferred.
A Comprehensive Field Placement Evaluation Instrument: History, Development and Implications
Authors: Ernest Marilyn
Published: March 2013

This article presents the historical development of a field placement evaluation manual based on the CAOT “Skills Profile”. The manual items are given and the scoring system described. Implications for students, clinicians, education programs and the CAOT are presented, should the manual be used generally in Canada.
Catheter Leg Bag Holder
Authors: Murphy Kathleen
Published: March 2013

Men who use large leg bags with Texas condoms can find that the weight of the urine in the bag pulls the condom off. To avoid the embarrassment and inconvenience, a splint was designed to transfer the weight from the bag to a splint attached to the leg. The design is described and illustrated below.
Single Subject Research Designs in Occupational Therapy Literature
Authors: Magill Joyce , Barton Lyle
Published: March 2013

This paper examines two years (1982–1983) of publications appearing in four occupational therapy journals in order to determine the type and proportion of articles which are descriptive, survey, correlational, case studies (including single subject design), quasi-experimental, or practical. In addition, a detailed analysis of articles using single subject methodology in occupational therapy is reported. The appropriateness of several single subject research designs in occupational therapy is discussed.
Community Occupational Therapists and Volunteers: A Survey of Utilization and Satisfaction
Authors: McColl MaryAnn , Malcolm Clare
Published: March 2013

Current estimates lead us to believe that approximately 16% of the population works in some capacity on a volunteer basis. In spite of the size of this valuable human resource, occupational therapists often remark that they are unable to find suitable volunteers to assist with patient-related activities. The present study is an attempt to explore this topic, looking specifically at how community occupational therapists use volunteers, and how satisfied they are with the services provide. A descriptive survey was carried out in two parts: a questionnaire was distributed to all therapists associated with Community Occupational Therapy Associates (COTA) in Toronto; and, a structured interview was conducted with a sample of therapists who indicated they were dissatisfied with volunteer services. The survey revealed three problems: non-availability of appropriate volunteers to do specific patient-related activities; poor communication between therapists and volunteers; and general negative feelings about the reliability and accountability of volunteers. Based on identified problems and in consultation with the literature, a program was set up at COTA to enhance the effective utilization of volunteers within the agency.
Pet Therapy: Initiating a Program
Authors: McQuillen Debby
Published: March 2013

This paper provides the outline of a Pet Therapy program on the Long Term unit at the Providence Hospital, Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, which was initiated as a pilot program and is now part of regular occupational therapy programming. This paper covers the occupational therapy objectives, setting, procedure and criteria for patient involvement in pet therapy, and detail is given to aid other departments thinking of initiating their own program. The literature review briefly looks at the occupational therapy needs of long term care patients. It also gives an overview of the variety of ways in which pet therapy can be of benefit, especially to the aged.
Occupational Therapy Graduate Program Needs
Authors: Madill Helen , Wood Patricia
Published: March 2013

A review of the literature pertaining to graduate study reveals an eventfull but checkered history for the master's degree. The United States has the longest history of graduate education in occupational therapy of any member of the World Federation of Occupational Therapists. Literature pertaining to this development is reviewed for both the U.S. and Canada. The results of a survey of graduate program needs in three prairie provinces will be presented and discussed in Part 2.
Occupational Therapy Issues in the Treatment of the Long-Term Mentally Ill
Authors: Krupa Terry , Hayashi Connie , Murphy Marge , Thornton John
Published: March 2013

In this paper, a single case study is used to facilitate discussion of problems encountered by occupational therapists engaged in working with the long-term mentally ill. The achievement of the long-range and multi-faceted approach necessary for the management of this population is a recognized challenge. Some of the paradoxes and dilemmas involved in programming and the measurement of outcome and success are clarified. As well, sources of stress to individuals involved in working with the long-term mentally ill are considered. Issues addressed include: philosophy of approach, professional and personal conflicts, patients' wishes and involvement, and the low priority given to working with this group. Two main objectives of the paper are to: (1) bring an appreciation for the complexity of the difficulties presented and (2) demonstrate how occupational therapists can offer valuable contributions in working with the long-term mentally ill.
The Supervisory Skills of Rehabilitation Managers
Authors: Stan L. Joanne
Published: March 2013

This study was undertaken to investigate the continuing education needs of rehabilitation managers in the area of supervision and management. The human relations supervisory ability of 61 managers was measured using a standardized inventory, yielding scores in jive areas of human relations related to supervision. Results indicated that the managers possessed a higher degree of human relations supervisory ability than either industrial managers or another group of allied health supervisors. Respondents were strong in problem-solving, motivating employees, and fostering positive attitudes, and weak in their understanding of learning and training principles. No relationship was shown between previous management education and supervisory ability. Experience and consultation with others were cited more frequently than formal learning, as resources for acquiring supervisory skills. Supervisory ability was positively related to number of employees supervised, and to length of time in a management position.
Occupational Therapy Graduate Program Needs Part II
Authors: Wood Patricia , Madill Helen
Published: March 2013

This article concludes a two-part review of graduate education in occupational therapy, with the results of a survey of 309 therapists and 68 administrators from the prairie provinces. Three areas were included in the mail questionnaire: graduate program components, potential demand, and factors likely to affect enrolment. Therapists and administrators had remarkably similar response patterns on desirable program components. Therapists expressed a need for graduate level education and administrators indicated a need for therapists with graduate degrees. Therapists indicated a variety of family and financial factors limiting their ability to enroll in graduate study. A small number of administrators indicated that assistance was available.
A Shower Collar for Persons with Tracheostomy
Authors: Robinson Diane J.
Published: March 2013

This Ideas Exchange describes the design, materials and use of a collar for tracheostomy patients who wish to shower. The collar prevents water from entering the tracheostomy while still allowing normal air passage through the tracheostomy.
The Supervisor-Student Ratio: 1:1 versus 1:2
Authors: Tiberius Richard , Gaiptman Barbara
Published: March 2013

Although an instructor-student ratio of 1:1 is widely accepted and officially sanctioned by educators of occupational therapists, there is no reported experience with other ratios which can serve as a basis of comparision. This study explores the advantages and disadvantages of the 1:2 ratio in clinical supervision, first as anticipated by the supervising therapists (STs), and then as perceived by them and by their students after a trial experience. Results indicated that (a) although STs anticipated only disadvantages for the 1:2 ratio, after an experience with 1:2 clinical supervision, they discovered four unanticipated advantages; (b) 1:2 clinical supervision appears to be a viable alternative to individual supervision if the STs receive educational sessions to assist them in devising and utilizing supervisory strategies for 1:2 supervision; (c) the advantages of the 1:2 ratio were realized by the university and by the students rather than by the STs themselves.
The Certification Examination — How does it Affect You?
Authors: Hawkes Bonnie
Published: March 2013

The Canadian Association of Occupational Therapists (CAOT) has, for over 30 years, been committed to the development and ïmplemenation of a national certification examination. While the likelihood of this becoming a reality has waxed and waned over the years, the goal has remained, As the achievement of this goal nears completion, it is an important task of the Certification Examination Committee, the CAOT Executive, and the Board of Directors to ensure that the significance of the examination is fully understood and supported by the general membership. To this end, this presentation has been prepared.
A Validity Study of Guidelines for Wheelchair Selection
Authors: Bradey Ellen , Colman Pamela , Wianko Donna Crinklaw , Wagman Judi
Published: March 2013

There is a risk that the inappropriate provision of wheelchairs is counter-productive to therapeutic goats. Guidelines for Wheelchair Selection for an Elderly Population were developed to define: a) whether a wheelchair is needed, and if so, whether it is required on a full or part-time basis, and b) which option will best promote the functional independence and comfort of the individual. A multidisciplinary study with a random sample of wheelchair user and non-user subjects established a high degree of reliability, validity and practical utility for these Guidelines for Wheelchair Selection.
Overview of Menstrual Management for Disabled Women
Authors: Duckworth Bridget
Published: March 2013

Management of menstruation can be one of the more difficult self care tasks for disabled women. This article discusses some commonly used methods of managing, particularly self-positioning and the use of tampons and pads.
Vocational Evaluation in a Forensic Psychiatric Setting
Authors: Lloyd Chris
Published: March 2013

The Forensic Unit of the Alberta Hospital Edmonton has moved from evaluating the performance of a client in a work setting by observation to providing a comprehensive data base on the client through the use of a work history, interest screening and commercial work evaluation systems. A standardized approach, to evaluation has enabled the Occupational Therapists to develop a unique treatment programme for the individual client as a result of the evaluation process and provided reliable data in returning the client to competitive employment.
An Adapted Frame to Hold Jobst Hydrofloat Cushions on a Bed
Authors: Kennedy Myra S.
Published: March 2013

A 55 year old male with multiple health problems including decubitus ulcers required an adapted frame to hold Jobst hydrofloat cushions, Even though he bore weight on the decubitus ulcers while lying on the cushions, the pressure was relieved sufficiently to allow the ulcers to heal. By using the frame and cushions he was able to live without developing further ulcers during his last few months of life.
Shoulder Supports with Stroke Patients: A Canadian Survey
Authors: Boyd Elizabeth , Gaylard Anne
Published: March 2013

A mailed survey questionnaire was conducted to identify which shoulder supports Canadian therapists are using with stroke patients, what goals they hope to achieve with these supports, and how therapists are measuring effectiveness or change resulting from the use of shoulder supports. The questionnaire was sent to 351 facilities which included general hospitals, rehabilitation centres, extended care, and chronic care facilities. Over 90% of the questionnaires were returned. The four goals respondents most frequently hoped to achieve with shoulder supports were to prevent and decrease subluxation and pain. The most frequently used supports are the Lapboard, the Cuff Type Arm Sling, the Arm Trough Support, and the Bobath Axial Roll. Respondents most frequently measure the effectiveness of the shoulder support by asking patients if they experience less pain with the support, assessing subluxation, and swelling of the hand. Less frequent outcome measures assessed include range of motion, spasticity, and body awareness. Approximately 10% of the respondents who are occupational therapists acknowledge participation in projects which evaluate some aspect of the occupational therapy management of stroke patients or some aspect of the clinical research of shoulder supports. These results are discussed with their implications for both clinical practice and further research in occupational therapy.
The Projective Use of Drawings as a Treatment Technique with the Depressed Unemployed Male
Authors: Centoni Maria , Tallant Beverlea
Published: March 2013

In this paper, a treatment plan, integrating brief psychotherapy and projective drawings, is proposed for the depressed unemployed male. The components of the crisis following the loss of employment are described in the context of the meaning of work in our society. Sequelae in health, self-perception, role-fulfillment and behaviour are presented within the framework of the classical mourning reaction. A proposed treatment plan is described with emphasis given to the selection of themes for the drawings and the therapist's interaction with the client. Illustrations included support the combined use of verbal and graphic modes in treatment.
Occupational Therapy Career Patterns in Profile
Authors: Madill H.M. , Brintnell E.S.G. , Stewin L.L. , Fitzsimmons G. W. , Macnab D.
Published: March 2013

From a career pattern study of two groups of Alberta occupational therapists (N= 119), five predominant patterns were identified. These are presented in the form of career profiles together with related literature. Recommendations for continuing education and implications for practice are discussed.
Professional Representation and Conflict in the Workplace
Authors: McColl Maryann , Miles-Tapping Carole
Published: March 2013

The paper which follows was written in response to recent discussions in the professional literature about the appropriateness of union membership for allied health professionals. The paper looks first at the concept of professionalism, the relevance of labelling an occupational group as professional, and its implications for this discussion. It then explores some of the reasons for the choice of membership in either a union or a professional organization. Finally, it discusses some possible ways in which this dichotomy can be reconciled and questions whether or not the choice of professional representation needs to be an absolute dichotomy.
Ergothérapie et éducation alimentaire
Authors: Bernard Françoise , Therriault Pierre-Yves
Published: March 2013

Bien souvent les formes de thérapies valorisées en psychiatrie s'éloignent du vécu quotidien de la clientèle. Dans cet article, les auteurs communiquent les fondements practiques et théoriques, établis à partir de la hiérarchie des besoins de Maslow, d'une expérience s'inscrivant dans une démarche ergothérapique échelonnée sur une période de quatre ans. Cette expérience est basée sur la formation d'un groupe de thérapie en clinique externe qui rejoint à la base un vécu quotidien, qui est aussi besoin essentiel de tout individu: l'alimentation. Deux ergothérapeutes et une diététiste étaient impliqués dans ce programme afin de mieux répondre aux objectifs suivanta: 1. éducationnels; 2. d'apprentissage; 3. ergothérapiques: au niveau de la tâche, de l'individu, et du groupe; et ce à travers une approche existentielle et acquisitionnelle. Les auteurs discuteront des raisons motivant la formation d'un groupe d'éduction alimentaire, ainsi que leur façon d'aider l'individu à se respecter, à respecter les autres, à améliorer sa qualité de vie, à s'ouvrir et à profiter de la communauté environnante. Les résultats obtenus à date, à savoir les changements notés chez les clients quant à leurs habitudes alimentaires, leurs relations avec les membres du groupe et une meilleure intégration sociale dans la communauté les incitent à croire à la valeur de cette intervention.
Terminal Operators Program: Development of a Computer Training Program for the Severely Physically Disabled
Authors: Stride Brian
Published: March 2013

The placement results and a description of the first Terminal Operators Program, a computer training program for physically disabled persons, are presented. An evaluation of the program suggested that the program was providing adequate computer skills training, but it was determined that computer terminal operator jobs were not readily available, and that microcomputer operators were in greater demand. The harriers to employment, such as reduced financial incentive and lack of self confidence, were underestimated in the original curriculum. The results of efforts to remedy these problems, in the form of tightening of admission policies, improving the curriculum, adding vocational counselling and adding a job club are discussed, along with the placement results of the second program.
Adapted Grab Bar for an Armchair
Authors: Kennedy Myra
Published: March 2013

An adapted grab bar, attached to an armchair, ensured the return of an elderly client to her own home following temporary hospitalization.
The Occupational Therapy Northern Outreach Program: A Description
Authors: Quintyn Michelle
Published: March 2013

The Northern Outreach Program is a joint project of the University of Western Ontario and the Ontario Ministry of Health. This program strives to develop health care services in northern Ontario. One aspect of this program is directed specifically towards the development of occupational therapy services. This paper provides a description of the structure of the Northern Outreach program, program objectives and approaches towards meeting the objectives. Although limited formal evaluation of the program has been completed some results will be described.
Effectiveness of Splinting for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Dolhanty Dorothy
Published: March 2013

In order lo determine the effectiveness of splinting for reducing the sympioms of carpal tunnel syndrome a prospective study was performed on the hands of 12 patients. A pre-test post-test non-equivalent control group design was utilized. A polyethelene working splint worn for one week was found to significantly reduce the intensity and frequency of the symptoms of numbness, pain, and tingling associated with carpal tunnel syndrome.
Dynamic Assessment: A Modal for Broadening Assessment in Occupational Therapy
Authors: Missiuna Cheryl
Published: March 2013

Dynamic assessment is proposed in this paper as an alternative frame of reference for conducting assessments in occupational therapy. Growing concerns regarding the use of traditional assessment techniques are reviewed with an emphasis upon their inability to provide Information useful in planning therapeutic intervention. Dynamic assessment is described as a systematic process that involves task manipulation and modification of a client's functional level during the assessment procedure. The theoretical foundations of dynamic assessment are presented and the adaptations required to perform this type of assessment are outlined. Dynamic assessment yields Information about the learning processes of the client, the extent to which his performance can be modified and the methods of intervention which will facilitate the greatest success. Examples are provided of the immediate applicability of this approach within occupational therapy.
Strategies for Community Occupational Therapy Program Development
Authors: Townsend Elizabeth
Published: March 2013

Occupational therapists who wish to see services expand in community settings must be prepared to take an active role in program development. The article examines 12 program development strategies which are illustrated using the experience of developing a rural program in a social service system. Community occupational therapy services in Prince Edward Island were initially developed, from 1977 to 1979, by a small group of occupational therapists. The group obtained Federal Welfare Demonstration Grant funding for a pilot project which was administered by the provincial Department of Social Services. In 1979, the Prince Edward Island Provincial Government approved ongoing funding for an Island-wide community occupational therapy service.
High and Low Job Satisfaction; Some Characteristics of Two Groups of Occupational Therapists
Authors: Madill H.M. , Macnab D. , Brintnell E.S.G. , Stewin L.L. , Fitzsimmons G.W.
Published: March 2013

From a sample of 1400 occupational therapy respondents, the characteristics of two groups, those scoring high on the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (N = 280) and those scoring low (N = 280) on this measure of job satisfaction, are compared on age, position, educational levels and the value and salience scales of the Life Roles Inventory. The implications of these findings for occupational therapy unit management and supervision are discussed and recommendations for continuing professional education are made.
Muriel Driver Memorial Lecture Discours Commémoratif Muriel Driver
Authors: Stan L. Joanne
Published: March 2013

This paper explores the impact of a changing health care environment on the organization, management, and delivery of occupational therapy services in Canada. Political, economic, and other societal forces are having a profound effect on the demand for and the practice of occupational therapy. The influence of such forces on occupational therapy is discussed within the context of the profession's internal organization, external image, educational continuum, and practice directions. The paper reviews the profession's past response to such forces and develops approaches that occupational therapists individually and collectively can pursue to be more strategically positioned within the changing health care scene.
Occupational Therapists as Sexual Rehabilitation Professionals Using the Rehabilitative Frame of Reference
Authors: Kennedy Myra
Published: March 2013

The purpose of this paper is to describe how the rehabilitative frame of reference may be used to assist physically disabled adults to adjust to changes in their sexual activities. The role of the occupational therapist in providing information on sexual activities to physically disabled adults will be discussed within the scope of an interdisciplinary team. The application of the rehabilitative frame of reference to male and female clients with rheumatoid arthritis and secondary osteoarthritic changes will exemplify the usefulness of this approach. Recommendations are made to encourage the development of this aspect of sexual rehabilitation in occupational therapy.
Cultural Variations in Bay Area Functional Performance Evaluation Scores — Considerations for Occupational Therapy
Authors: Brockett Margaret M.
Published: March 2013

In comparing the scores obtained in the Bay Area Functional Performance Evaluation test by two groups of acute psychiatric patients, one in San Francisco, California and the other in Vancouver, British Columbia, this paper examines aspects of performance which may be culturally determined. Given the limitations of the medical model used in many acute psychiatric programs, it considers possible alternative uses of this standardized test beyond the traditional occupational therapy initial assessment which may enhance its value: in identifying important information for treatment planning by the occupational therapist and providing a way of measuring a patient's readiness for discharge.
The Occupational Therapist as a Clinical Teacher
Authors: Edwards Mary , Baptiste Sue
Published: March 2013

When clinicians are asked to supervise students in fieldwork placements, it is often assumed that they have the skills to instruct the student in clinical methods and accurately evaluate the student's clinical competence. Many therapists feel ill-equipped in this role. This paper describes the components of clinical competence and the characteristics of a good clinical teacher. Three methods of clinical teaching or evaluation (record review, case discussion and direct observation) will be discussed and their application to evaluation of student performance illustrated. Since clinical competence is multi-dimensional, no one tool will adequately evaluate the range of competencies required. Clinicians can be better prepared as clinical teachers if they possess a repertoire of approaches on which to draw for specific areas of clinical competence.
A Preparatory Program for Occupational Therapy Fieldwork Supervisors: Analysis of Results
Authors: Ryan Sue
Published: March 2013

In addition to a clinical role many occupational therapists must assume the role of fieldwork supervisor. A review of the literature indicated that continuing education courses should be available to prepare therapists for this role. A course that was developed to meet the needs of occupational therapists in British Columbia is outlined. The outcome of the three phase approach to course evaluation — pretest-posttest, end-of-course questionnaire and 12 month follow up questionnaire — is discussed. The results of the questionnaires were analysed to determine therapists' (a) preferences for instructional format, materials and scheduling, (b) reasons for participation, (c) use of course material after the course, (d) perceptions of course value, and (e) recommendations for future courses. Eight recommendations for the provision of preparatory courses for fieldwork supervisors are noted.
Validation of the Klein-Bell Activities of Daily Living Scale for Children
Authors: Law Mary , Usher Patricia
Published: March 2013

Occupational therapists require reliable and valid activities of daily living assessments to describe patient performance and to aid in treatment evaluation and planning. A recently developed instrument, the Klein-Bell ADL Scale has been shown to have acceptable reliability and validity for use with adults. This paper reports the results of an initial study designed to evaluate the utility of the Klein-Bell ADL Scale for use with children. Developmental ages reported in the literature were used to adapt the scale for use with children ages six months to adulthood. Its reliability, construct validity and responsiveness were tested in a total sample of 10 normal and 10 cerebral palsied children. Results indicate that the scale is reliable, is able to differentiate normal from handicapped children and demonstrates acceptable agreement with parental ratings of change in ADL skills. The Klein-Bell ADL Scale was also found to be an effective communication tool between therapists and parents of disabled children.
Osteoporosis in Post-Menopausal Women: Implications for Occupational Therapy Practice
Authors: Ages Sharon , Reid Denise
Published: March 2013

This paper reviews the literature on intervention considerations with post-menopausal osteoporotic women, with the aim of proposing a potential role for occupational therapists with this population. Postural retraining, exercise, dietary counselling, energy conservation, safety, and psychological counselling are identified as important aspects of treatment relevant to occupational therapy practice.
Investigation of the Use of Manual Muscle Testing in Occupational Therapy
Authors: Hammett Lynn , Harburn Karen , Trujillo Steve
Published: March 2013

Undergraduate occupational therapy students learn the theory and mechanics of functional strength assessment and manual muscle testing in order to measure the effectiveness of their physical treatments and to ascertain the functional level of their patients. However, it is important to determine how practicing therapists are actually assessing strength. This information would help both in directing curriculum teaching efforts at the undergraduate level and in assessing the needs of the profession in the use of clinical strength measurement systems.

The present study sought to determine the therapy areas and extent of use of functional and manual muscle tests by occupational therapists across Canada. Information was also gained about the factors related to the use of manual muscle testing by practicing clinicians. The results of the survey indicated that occupational therapists do use manual muscle testing, but to a lesser extent than functional assessments. A large number of therapists stated they relied on other co-workers, such as physical therapists, to perform manual muscle tests on their patients. Though they did not perform the manual muscle tests themselves, occupational therapists thought that occupational therapy students should have a thorough knowledge of manual muscle testing in order to work effectively as a team member in the clinic.

The study also found that University of Manitoba graduates used manual muscle testing with the greatest percentage of their patients than any of the other Canadian graduates surveyed. Of interest is the finding that manual muscle testing use increased when instruction occurred on the job in addition to the University teaching of the skill.
Fabrication of a Removable Microstomia Orthosis
Authors: Carlow Deborah , Conine Tali , Stevenson-Moore Peter
Published: March 2013

Microstomia is a marked reduction in the size of the oral opening. Various orthoses have been in use for the management of microstomia but they all suffer one or more deficiencies or drawbacks. This article describes the fabrication and use of a new appliance made from a low temperature thermoplastic material. It consists of two commissural portions, with a connecting U-shaped spring which offers a dynamic source of pressure. Alternatively, a bar made of outrigger wire can be used as a strut between the sides of the U-shaped spring to convert the appliance into a static pressure source. The device offers effective gradual horizontal and vertical pressure to the oral opening and is easily removable, adjustable, inexpensive, and simple to fabricate.
Occupational Therapy Practice: Generic or Domain Specific?
Authors: Ernest Marilyn
Published: March 2013

The objectives of this study were: 1) to examine each of the 219 functions on the Occupational Therapy-Occupational Profile in an attempt to identify the functions that were domain-specific to physical dysfunction (PD) and mental health (MH) practice; 2) to demonstrate that occupational therapy practice is generic in nature if more than 25% of all occupational profile functions were not domain-specific; 3) to identify functions carried out by at least 75 % of all therapists as core (essential) functions, and 4) to relate the findings to the expressed shortage of fieldwork placements, particularly in the mental health domain.

Chi Square analyses were used to examine the data from the evaluations of 100 therapists (76 PD and 24 MH) and 93 therapists (75 PD and 18 MH) on 122 functions and 97 functions respectively of the occupational profile.

Findings with this sample suggest that: 1) 8 functions (3.7%) were domain-specific to MH practice and 18 functions (8%) were domain-specific to PD practice; 2) occupational therapy practice could be defined as generic in nature, and 3) of the 219 functions, 112 (51%) could be identified as core functions.
A Pilot Study on the Effect of Rapport on the Task Performance of an Elderly Confused Population
Authors: Porszt-Miron Linda , Florian Majka , Burton Jean
Published: March 2013

Rapport has been viewed traditionally by the helping professions as a prerequisite to effective interaction between therapist and patient. Clinical observations indicate that confused elderly residents of a Home for the Aged have the capacity to establish warm personal relationships with their therapists and caregivers. In order to determine if this apparent rapport has a positive effect on task performance, six confused subjects were assigned either to an experimental or control group. They were administered the Picture Identification Task before and after receiving a program designed to establish rapport with their respective leaders. All testing was done by the experimental group leaders. Thus the experimental subjects had rapport with the administrators, while the control subjects did not. The data indicated that experimental subjects decreased their inappropriate behaviours, were able to respond quicker, and made better use of nonverbal test cues at posttest. Control subjects did not demonstrate these changes. It was concluded that rapport can facilitate some task behaviours despite cognitive impairment.