bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Total and Soluble Fluoride Content in Commercial Dentifrices and Mouthwashes Available in the Indian Market
Authors: Keswani Akanksha Haresh , Thakkar Parthkumar Kamleshbhai , Mansata Anuj Vasantray , Shah Jill J , Patel Anil Manubhai , Shah Kena Kalpesh
Published: September 2022

Introduction:

Dental caries is the most common dental problem across the globe. Due to the increase in the use of refined sugars and lack of fluoride exposure, dental caries is becoming a serious issue for public health. The present study was conducted to determine the total fluoride (TF) concentration and soluble fluoride concentration in different dentifrices and mouthwashes available in the Indian market.

Materials and Methods:

Ion-specific electrode and fluoride ion metre were used to determine the soluble fluoride, as well as the TF concentration of seven dentifrices and five mouthwashes, and the findings were recorded in particle per million of fluoride. Descriptive statistic was used, and mean ± standard deviation of TF and soluble fluoride content of dentifrices and mouthwashes were reported.

Results:

Nine samples contained sodium fluoride and three samples contained sodium monofluorophosphate Na MFP as the fluoride compound. The TF and soluble fluoride levels showed variations from the fluoride concentration mentioned on the packaging.

Conclusions:

This study found that the concentration of total soluble fluoride and TF was lower than the fluoride level mentioned on the packaging.
Emergence of “Urban Scrub Typhus” during Monsoon Season in an Urban Pocket and Biodiversity Hotspot of New Delhi, India
Authors: Khan Inam Danish , Bahal Pradeep , Singh Bhagwat , Priya Pallawi , Pandey Rahul , Makkar Anuradha , Jindal Ashok Kumar
Published: September 2022

Introduction:

Scrub typhus is an endemic disease transmitted within the “epidemiological tetrad” of rains, rodents, chigger mites, and scrub vegetation prevalent in “Tsutsugamushi Asia-Pacific triangle,” predisposing one billion population at risk and annual incidence of one million. Scrub typhus is difficult to differentiate clinically from coendemic vector-borne acute undifferentiated febrile illness (AUFI). Untreated scrub typhus may cause disseminated vasculitis, serositis, and hemophagocytic syndrome. Outbreaks of scrub typhus have been reported from Thailand, China, Korea, and rural India. Transmission of scrub typhus in urban areas is relatively rare. Three consequent outbreaks in a urban pocket in New Delhi, India, highlight emergence of urban scrub typhus.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional, clinicoepidemiological, ambispective outcome surveillance study was conducted among all clinicodemographically homogenous patients presenting with AUFI during 2016–2018. Clinically suspected or intuitively investigated scrub typhus was screened by IgM/IgG immunochromatography and confirmed through IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Spatial, temporal, and vector surveillance through epidemiological mapping, line listing, and mite surveillance was done.

Results:

Scrub typhus outbreaks affected 161 patients during 2016–2018. Mean age was 31.77 ± 17 years. Most common clinical presentation was fever with headache. Eschar was present in 46.88% patients commonly on abdomen, chest, perineum, and extremities. Coinfections and comorbidities were seen in 3.75% and 14.37% patients, respectively. Seventy percent and 14.8% patients were managed in acute care and intensive care. Mean hospital stay was 8.96 ± 3.86 days. Doxycycline and doxycycline-azithromycin combination were given in 92.5% and 7.5% patients, respectively. All-cause mortality was 6.25%. 126/160 (78.75%) patients were geospatially distributed from urban landscape depicted in epidemiological maps. Temporal-seasonal distribution revealed bell-shaped curve from May to November. Mite carriage was seen in 16% rodents.

Conclusion:

Urban scrub typhus is emerging in microhabitats fulfilling the epidemiological tetrad and chigger mites undergoing transovarian transmission. Geospatial and temporal mapping are required in urban neighborhoods for risk stratification, outbreak management, vector control, and community education. A high index of suspicion in AUFI and early initiation of doxycycline therapy are required.
Challenges and Opportunities for Speech and Hearing Programs
Authors: Mandke Kalyani N.
Published: September 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic has disrupted traditional teaching-learning programs across all educational disciplines. The Speech and Hearing training program is no exception. It has provided many opportunities to incorporate online learning in the curriculum and upskilling and reskilling of new technologies. The pandemic has made us think differently. This will be a golden opportunity to have brainstorming discussions with all the stakeholders to discuss their expectations and aspirations towards professional courses like Speech and Hearing programs. This is an opinion piece; Covid-19 and various restrictions have impacted the Speech and Hearing profession, especially training programs. This article intends to initiate a dialogue among professionals that will hopefully enable us to define a strategic roadmap for the recovery of Speech and Hearing services and human resources as we emerge from the pandemic. The pandemic has given new directions towards the delivery of the education model. Various programs have received significant experience about what is doable and not doable modules in the academic program. This is a golden opportunity for all to move away from the traditional educational model and develop a flexible and student-oriented educational program. Are we ready for these challenges?
Auditory and Cognitive Functioning in Hidden Hearing Loss Due to Noise Exposure, Aging, and Tinnitus
Authors: Vasudevamurthy Sahana , Kumar Ajith U.
Published: September 2022

Purpose:

Since the inception of the term cochlear synaptopathy, extensive research is carried out to study the effects of noise and age on suprathreshold hearing in individuals with otherwise normal hearing. Yet, there is a lack of a standard test battery. We hypothesize that this variability in the results across studies may be due to the use of “cochlear synaptopathy” or “hidden hearing loss” as a blanket term to refer to auditory deficits seen in individuals with noise exposure, aging, and tinnitus with normal hearing. The present study aimed to systematically review the literature on hidden hearing loss due to noise exposure, aging, and tinnitus.

Method:

Keywords were combined using Boolean operations, and an electronic search was carried out through PubMed, ScienceDirect, ResearchGate, and Google Scholar databases. Screening for abstracts, title, and full text resulted in 46 articles eligible for data extraction.

Results:

Among the 46 studies considered for the review, 30 studies included human participants and 16 included animal participants. The possibility of noise-induced synaptopathy was assessed in 30 studies; age-induced synaptopathy in 6 studies; and synaptopathy in normal-hearing individuals with tinnitus in 10 studies. The results revealed conclusive findings of synaptopathy in animals; however, the evidence in studies involving human participants was inconclusive.

Conclusions:

Auditory brainstem response (ABR), histopathology, and middle ear muscle reflex (MEMR) are the widely used measures of synaptopathy in animals. Human studies indicated that temporal processing, speech perception in the presence of background noise, and working memory are majorly affected in individuals with hidden hearing loss. Specifically, speech perception in noise (SPiN), temporal resolution, MEMR, ABR wave I amplitude growth, and electrocochleography (ECochG) are identified as the potential measures of hidden hearing loss due to noise exposure. Further, the effect of common recreational noise on these measures is less compared to high life-time noise exposure. The results of synaptopathy due to aging or tinnitus are inconclusive.
Speech Perception in Noise and Localization Performance of Digital Noise Reduction Algorithm in Hearing Aids with Ear-To-Ear Synchronization
Authors: Chinnaraj Geetha , Tanniru Kishore , Rajan Raveendran Raja
Published: September 2022

Purpose:

The present study aimed to compare speech perception in noise and horizontal localization with and without activating digital noise reduction (DNR) in hearing aids with and without an ear-to-ear synchronization.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty-five listeners with mild-to-moderate bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, aged between 18 and 55 years, were the participants. Each participant’s horizontal sound-source localization performance was measured as a root-mean-square degree of error. Speech recognition in the presence of speech babble noise was measured as the signal-to-noise ratio required for 50% recognition score (SNR-50). Further, SNR-50 was measured with noise source from four different directions and was recorded in four aided conditions, with and without an independent activation of wireless link and DNR.

Results:

Results showed that wireless synchronization technology in hearing aids improved localization and speech perception in noise under certain conditions. Adding the activation of DNR improved the overall performance in the horizontal sound-source localization task. However, the amount of improvement in speech perception in noise with the activation of wireless synchronization and/or DNR depended on the spatial separation between the direction of speech and the noise.

Conclusions:

The activation of DNR and wireless synchronization in hearing aids showed a better performance in assessed parameters in the current study. However, the improvement in scores may or may not be beneficial to the listener, depending on the direction of noise and speech.
Tyrosine Kinase Targeting
Authors: Althubiti Mohammad
Published: September 2022

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been studied extensively in cancer research, ultimately resulting in the approval of many drugs for cancer therapy. Recent evidence from reported clinical cases and experimental studies have suggested that some of these drugs have a potential role in diabetes treatment. These TKIs include imatinib, sunitinib, dasatinib, erlotinib, nilotinib, neratinib, and ibrutinib. As a result of promising findings, imatinib has been used in a phase II clinical trial. In this review, studies that used TKIs in the treatment of both types of diabetes are critically discussed. In addition, the different molecular mechanisms of action of these drugs in diabetes models are also highlighted to understand their antidiabetic mode of action.
A Study on Emission Measurement Method by Using Automated Intermittent Sampling for Real Driving Emissions of Gasoline Passenger Vehicles, Including Hybrid Electric Vehicles and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Authors: Okui Nobunori
Published: September 2022

Electric vehicles have become more widespread globally, with the aim of realizing a carbon-neutral society. In addition, the various policies for vehicle engines have become increasingly strict. It is desirable to evaluate fuel consumption and exhaust emissions using real vehicles on actual roads, with the goal of improving air quality. Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) have a high frequency of engine stops during driving. In a real driving emission (RDE) test, a portable emission measurement system (PEMS) is used, which continues to measure emissions even when the engine stops; this can decrease the emission concentration inside the tailpipe and result in an inaccurate emission measurement. Furthermore, RDE tests are affected by the installation performance of the PEMS; the emission intake is often installed by extending the exhaust outlet. Gasoline vehicles have specific emission characteristics that pose an issue when the tailpipe at the muffler outlet is extended and the measurement is made after merging.

This study thus examines the methods for constructing the high-precision PEMS necessary for RDE evaluations for the increasingly common HEVs and PHEVs. In particular, the emission rates and sampling locations are investigated, and a method for operating the emission analyzer intermittently to synchronize with the engine is examined and evaluated.
Energy transition, economic growth and environmental sustainability in Algeria
Authors: Bouznit Mohammed
Published: September 2022

This article aims to empirically analyze the relationship between energy transition, economic growth and CO2 emissions in Algeria, over the period of 1980-2018, using simultaneous equations model. The empirical results reveal that human capital, physical capital stock per capita, energy transition and oil prices stimulate real GDP per capita. Likewise, real GDP per capita positively affects CO2 emissions; however the latter are negatively linked to energy transition and exports. Therefore, increasing the share of renewable energy to fossil fuels consumption is one of the suitable strategies to stimulate economic growth and improve environmental sustainability.
La politique agricole et rurale en Algérie : de la centralisation à la gouvernance
Authors: Saidoun Rym , Aït Hammou Sihem , Chehat Fouad
Published: September 2022

La politique du renouveau agricole et rural (PRAR) propose une nouvelle manière de gouverner le secteur agricole et rural, fondée sur une responsabilité partagée et un partenariat entre les acteurs publics, privés et associatifs. Cette réorientation de l’action publique vers de nouveaux modes de gouvernance s’ appuie sur les principes d’implication et de participation de l’ensemble des acteurs parties prenante s dans l’action de  développement de l’agriculture et des territoires ruraux. Afin de pouvoir appréhender ces nouvelles modalités d’intervention publique nous nous intéressons aux instruments déployés d an s le cadre de cette politique. Cette approche par les inst ruments nous permettra d’analyser le changement opéré en matière d’action publique et de résultats obtenus.
Territoire et université en Algérie un partenariat stratégique en construction
Authors: Naga Nahla , Benguerna Mohamed
Published: September 2022

Par cet article, nous avons tenté de nous focaliser sur l’importance que revêt le territoire dans la consolidation des relations entre l’université et son environnement économique. Vu le rôle joué par Le partenariat entre l’université algérienne et le secteur industriel dans la stimulation de la croissance, surtout à la lumière des bouleversements dans le domaine économique, qui devient directement tributaire de la production et de l’exploitation de la connaissance. L’étude s’est basée sur la réalisation de différentes cartographies des universités algériennes, des ressources naturelles ainsi que les zones industrielles, tout en conduisant des entretiens avec des enseignants chercheurs et des industriels. L’étude a conclu qu’il existe une relation entre l’université et le secteur industriel mais elle est méfiante. Toutefois, l’université ou l’entreprise ferait face à des obstacles dans l’aboutissement du partenariat en raison de sa méconnaissance de la culture prévalant sur le territoire. Ainsi, la proximité géographique seule ne suffirait pas à réaliser ce partenariat, la proximité relationnelle entre les individus est aussi nécessaire. Cela explique la faible relation entre l’université algérienne et son environnement économique.
Applicability of Artificial Neural Network for Automatic Crop Type Classification on UAV-Based Images
Authors: Ajayi O. G. , Opaluwa Y. D. , Ashi J. , Zikirullahi W. M.
Published: September 2022

Recent advances in optical remote sensing, especially with the development of machine learning models have made it possible to automatically classify different crop types based on their unique spectral characteristics. In this article, a simple feed-forward artificial neural network (ANN) was implemented for the automatic classification of various crop types. A DJI Mavic air drone was used to simultaneously collect about 549 images of a mixed-crop farmland belonging to Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria. The images were annotated and the ANN algorithm was implemented using custom-designed Python programming scripts with libraries such as NumPy, Label box, and Segmentation Mask, for the classification. The algorithm was designed to automatically classify maize, rice, soya beans, groundnut, yam and a non-crop feature into different land spectral classes. The model training performance, using 70% of the dataset, shows that the loss curve flattened down with minimal over-fitting, showing that the model was improving as it trained. Finally, the accuracy of the automatic crop-type classification was evaluated with the aid of the recorded loss function and confusion matrix, and the result shows that the implemented ANN gave an overall training classification accuracy of 87.7% from the model and an overall accuracy of 0.9393 as computed from the confusion matrix, which attests to the robustness of ANN when implemented on high-resolution image data for automatic classification of crop types in a mixed farmland. The overall accuracy, including the user accuracy, proved that only a few images were incorrectly classified, which demonstrated that the errors of omission and commission were minimal.
Status of Groundwater Aquifers, Water Quality, Sources of Contamination, and Future Challenges in Bangladesh: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Shajedul M. S.
Published: September 2022

The groundwater resource of Bangladesh is under increasing threat from population growth, over-water mining, quick urbanization, and pollution from industrial events with domestic and agricultural activities. The objective of this paper is to review over a hundred well-recognized national and international journals, conference proceedings, reports, and other related documents on the status of groundwater aquifers, water quality, sources of contamination, and future challenges in Bangladesh to develop sustainable groundwater resource management. The study observed that groundwater in several zones in the country has been contaminated with elevated levels of dissolved elements. Temporary hardness in countrywide groundwater was found in higher ranges for all purposes while except for bicarbonate, all anions did not cross the guideline value. Among the metal contaminants, arsenic found in the shallow aquifer at an alarming level throughout the country threatened public health, and millions of consumers are suffering from severe and chronic poisoning from arsenic riches water. Additionally, climate change and sea-level rise are likely with increasing salinity and various nutrient concentrations in the coastal aquifer systems of the country, and that water is not fit for domestic and agricultural uses.
Application of physical and nonphysical elements in the conservation of historic core of city
Authors: Tafahomi Rahman
Published: September 2022

The main aim of this paper is to demonstrate the mapping outputs of the historic core of Gonabad city based on both physical and nonphysical elements. Despite the fact that the architectural elements have been the main sources of data for the conservation of the historic part of cities, seemingly, the cognitive map based on the perceptions of the inhabitants could enhance the level of the reliability of the outputs. The methods of the research were designed based on the survey and interview to collect both physical and nonphysical data. The physical was included the current historical elements such as mosque, school, and water storage, and the nonphysical was included the destroyed elements such as the wall, gates, towers that have been part of the memories of the inhabitants. ArcGIS was applied for overlaying the data. The findings of the research identified that despite the architectural elements located in a specific location, perception of the people referred to the broader areas in terms of the historic area. As a conclusion, both historical areas of the city include a different pattern of the development. The physical and nonphysical elements played a significant role to highlight the historic core of the city. However, the cognitive map based on the perception of users is not fitted exactly with the geo-reference data, and it is more flexible in terms of conceptual forms. The result of the study represented the map of the historic cores of the city for conservation activity.
Lower back musculoskeletal hydatid cyst: a rare presentation in a South Sudanese patient
Authors: Kuju Lodu Swokiri N , Sube Kenneth Lado , Tongun Justin Bruno , Lako Joseph Daniel
Published: September 2022

Echinococcosis (hydatidosis) remains a crucial public health concern in areas of endemicity including South Sudan. It affects mostly liver and lungs but rarely musculoskeletal system. A female, aged 75 years, presented to Kapoeta State Hospital, with a three years’ history of a painless mass on her back, gradual onset. There was no history of trauma, pain or fever. On examination there was a mass of 8cm x 5cm, soft, non-tender and lobulated on the right lower back above the gluteal region with intact skin. Imaging investigations (ultrasound, X-ray, CT scan) were not available. A provisional diagnosis of a lipoma was made. Surgery was done successfully and a hydatid cyst was found and removed. There were no post-operative complications. She was discharged on the next day with oral albendazole (400mg), twice a day for 28 days. Six months later, the patient was seen with no complains or recurrence. In endemic areas hydatid cysts should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any cystic swelling or lump. In low resource countries, incorporation of health education to school curriculum will play a key role in reducing incidence or prevalence of the disease.
Czy psychobiografia musi być redukcjonistyczna? Lucy in the Mind of Lennon jako przykład pomostu pomiędzy naukami humanistycznymi i psychologią
Authors: Kościańczuk Marcela
Published: September 2022

Psychobiography- if it has to be reductionist? Lucy in the mind of Lennon as an example of a bridge between the humanities and psychology

In the article I will present Tim Kasser’s psychobiography entitled Lucy in the Mind of Lennon as an example of a non-psychoanalytical psychobiography that is multidisciplinary. Psychobiography will also be treated here as an opportunity for the humanities and psychology to come closer, and this rapprochement will be presented from the perspective of the humanities. At the same time, I would like to point out that psychobiography may come close to the assumptions of empirically oriented disciplines. In a broader context, the article also introduces the reader to the contemporary approach to psychobiography, as well as a discussion with previous ways of presenting it.
Arkeolojik Araştırmalar ve Yazılı Belgeler Işığında Eski Çağ'da Yozgat
Authors: ERDOĞAN Serkan , UYAK Serap
Published: September 2022

Bu makale, Yozgat’ın prehistorik çağlardan M.Ö. I. binyıla uzanan zaman dilimindeki maddi kültürünün gelişimine ve toplumsal yapısına etkilerine yönelik bir çalışmayı içermektedir. Yozgat ili kapsamında yapılmış arkeolojik kazılar, yüzey araştırmaları ve Helenistik/Roma Dönemi öncesi yazılı belgelerin sunduğu veriler çalışmanın temelini oluşturmaktadır. Yapılan araştırmalar Orta Anadolu’nun bir parçası olan Yozgat’ın, yerleşim tarihinin Neolitik Çağ’dan başladığını göstermiştir. Eski Tunç Çağı'nda yerleşim sayısı belirgin olarak artmıştır ve bu çağın sonlarına doğru, şehir devletleri oluşumları görülmeye başlanmıştır. Hatti ülkesinin önemli bir parçası olan Yozgat, M.Ö. II. binyılda Asur Ticaret Kolonileri Çağı ile birlikte tarihsel çağlara girmiştir. Kızılırmak kavsinin doğusunda bulunan Yozgat, Hitit İmparatorluğu'nun çekirdek bölgesinde yer alır. Yürütülen arkeolojik ve filolojik araştırmalar Hititler Dönemi'nde başta Uşaklı Höyük olmak üzere pek çok Hitit kentinin bu bölgede olduğuna yönelik güçlü kanıtlar sunmuştur. Ele geçen veriler, Geç Kalkolitik, Eski Tunç Çağı ve Hititler Dönemi’nde bölgenin Ön Asya’daki diğer gelişmiş kültür merkezleriyle paralel giden bir gelişme seviyesine sahip olduğunu doğrulamaktadır.
The Politics of Civil Society
Authors: Powell Fred
Published: September 2022

In the second, revised edition of this indispensable book, the author looks behind 'the mirror of power' to discover the reality of civil society - or 'Big Society', as it has become known.
Challenging Governance Theory
Authors: Davies Jonathan S.
Published: September 2022

This topical book takes a critical look at contemporary governance theory, arguing that there are structural impediments to achieving an ideology of networks and reconsidering it from Marxist and Gramscian perspectives.
Benchmarking Muslim Well-Being in Europe
Authors: Irving Jackson Pamela , Doerschler Peter
Published: September 2022

This highly topical book aims to undermine unsubstantiated myths by examining Muslim integration in Germany, France, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, states which dominate the debate on minority integration and the practice of Muslim religious traditions.
Os ensinos liceal e técnico na proposta de lei de João Camoesas: objetivos, curriculo e formação de professores
Authors: Casulo José Carlos de Oliveira
Published: September 2022

Pese embora o facto de não ter saído do papel, a proposta de reforma da instrução portuguesa redigida por João Camoesas e apresentada ao parlamento em 1923, foi um marco histórico na pedagogia portuguesa, pois configurou a primeira tentativa de criação de uma lei de bases da educação nacional, de um documento legal, portanto, maximamente abrangente da problemática da educação nacional e que sobre esta instituía as grandes linhas de orientação a respeitar num prazo longo. Depois do preâmbulo, com o diagnóstico da situação da educação portuguesa na altura, o projeto Camoesas, como também ficou conhecido, estruturava-se em vinte e quatro bases, algumas das quais abordavam os ensinos liceal e técnico, sob perspetivas várias, sendo que, no presente artigo, se dá atenção ao que, para este níveis didáticos, se propunha em termos do seu enquadramento no sistema de ensino, dos objetivos, do currículo e da formação de professores.
粤港澳大湾区分布式光伏和氢能的发展与投融资现状、挑战和建议
Authors: Xie Pengcheng , Peng Peng , Wang Ziyuan , Gong Juan , Jiang Xiaoqian , Dai Xianzhi , Cai Shijing , Zeng Jinfeng , Liu Rui
Published: September 2022

本报告在梳理粤港澳大湾区分布式光伏和氢能发展现状和未来潜力的基础上，分析了投融资挑战，并提出了相关建议。
Situation of Social Work Services with Autistic Children at Vinh Phuc Social Work Center
Authors:   Vietnam National Children's Hospital, Dung Vu Thi Thuy
Published: September 2022

The research aims to describe the current status of social work services for autistic children, thereby making recommendations to improve the quality of social work services. The research paper was conducted on 36 autistic children’s relatives who are using social work services. The results showed that 44.32% of the autistic children’s relatives rated social work services Good to Very good and 55.4% rated Average.
Effects of Moderate Intensity Circuit Exercise Programme on the Blood Oxygen Saturation and Pulmonary Function of People Living With HIV
Authors:   Department of physiotherapy Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria & Department of physiotherapy, College of Health Science, Evangel University, Akaeze, Ebonyi State, John Davidson Okwudili
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Impaired pulmonary function and arterial oxygen (O2) saturation are among the symptomatic changes in people living with HIV (PLWH), associated with progression of HIV disease and anti-retroviral therapy (ART). Exercise has been considered an important adjuvant therapy for health promotion and improving the pulmonary function of PLWH. However studies are lacking on the effects circuit exercise training on o2 saturation and pulmonary function of PLWH. Objective: This study determined the effect of moderate intensity circuit exercise programme on the O2 saturation and pulmonary function of PLWH. Methods: The study design was a pretest-posttest randomized controlled design. A total of 120 participants were recruited from the HIV clinic of a teaching hospital. Fish bowl method was used to randomize the participants to control group or exercise group. Moderate intensity (50 – 75% MHR) circuit exercise programme was administered to the participants 3 times a week between 30-60 minutes per session for 8 weeks. Pulse Oximeter and hand held spirometer were used to measure the oxygen saturation and some pulmonary functions respectively. Measurement were taken at baseline and at 8-week. Descriptive statistics of mean, standard deviation and percentages were used to summarize demographic data. Paired sample t-test and Independent sample t-test determined the mean difference within the groups and between the groups respectively. Alpha level was set at P<0.05. Results: There was significant difference in the mean score of O2 saturation and pulmonary function within the exercise group after 8-week exercise intervention. There was significant difference in the mean score of O2 saturation and pulmonary function between the control group and exercise group after 8-week exercise intervention. Conclusion: An 8-week circuit exercise programme brought about improvement in O2 saturation and pulmonary function of PLWH. Circuit exercise can be effectively employed to improve lung function and ameliorate the exercise hypoxemia associated with decreased O2 saturation in PLWH.
Vigorexia
Authors: Guimarães Botelho Rafael , Wey Moreira Wagner
Published: September 2022

Este texto tuvo doble objetivo: discutir aspectos teóricos de la vigorexia y alertar sobre la necesidad de incluir este tema en el currículo escolar de la Educación Física. Para ello, se realizó un análisis de las publicaciones sobre vigorexia de los autores que más han diseminado el tema. Resultados: la vigorexia es un síndrome en el que la persona, a pesar de tener un cuerpo musculoso, no se cree o no se ve a sí mismo, suficientemente, musculosa. Principales características: alteración en la percepción sobre la musculatura; la persona se ve a sí misma como pequeña; obsesión por la musculatura; exageración con hipertrofia muscular; busca el “cuerpo perfecto”, con músculos fuertes y tonificados; rutina de ejercicios físicos intensiva, agotadora, exagerada, larga e incorrecta; utilización de esteroides anabólicos, aunque sea consciente de sus consecuencias; la persona abandona las actividades sociales para practicar ejercicio físico; la persona no viaja sin antes asegurarse de la existencia de gimnasios en el sitio en donde se trasladará; y la persona, aunque esté lesionada, sigue ejercitándose con miedo de disminuir la masa muscular. Con relación a la inclusión en el currículo escolar, se discutieron propuestas de elaboración y de utilización de materiales, la correlación con los esteroides anabólicos, además de la comprensión del tema bajo el fenómeno Cuerpo/Corporeidad. Consideraciones finales: es imprescindible que los docentes de Educación Física estén vigilantes al tema de la vigorexia y abiertos al trabajo interdisciplinario, integrando diferentes asignaturas en la producción de materiales y en la contextualización del tema.
Exploring Equality in the Workplace from the Perspective of Recruitment and Fairness Perception-Taking SMEs as an Example
Authors: Lee Shih-Nien , Chang Ton-Chu , Weng Tzu-Ching
Published: September 2022

Abstract

This research mainly discusses the development of workplace equality by exploring the experience of SME recruitment and selection, in-depth understanding of both SME interviewers and job seekers, and the perception of fairness and respect in the process of recruitment activities. Based on the experience of job-seekers' experience of the selection mechanism, the results of the company's selection mechanism and jobseekers' experience are analyzed, and the best practice is selected through literature discussion and comparison with practice. This research is based on semi-structured interview method, interviews are conducted according to the research topic and the researcher itself is used as a research tool, and the analysis is followed by discussion, so as to understand the recruitment and selection mechanism of SMEs and the best model for the development of equal rights in the workplace. The problems found in this study will also discuss their specific possible solutions, and provide enterprises with a reference for the design and application of the recruitment and selection process.

Keywords: Recruitment, Fairness Perception, Workplace Equality.
ASĀSIYYĀTU TARBIYYAT AL-ʻULŪM AL-LADUNIYYAH FĪ AL-TAFSĪR
Authors: Cato  , Kahfi Muhammad Alim
Published: September 2022

Laduni science is an extraordinary event that can be said to be beyond human behavior and this can be proof that Allah knows everything. In addition, it is also a reminder for us that even though humans have intelligence, they still cannot reveal all the secrets of God Almighty. Actually there is no definite theory to arrive at knowledge of laduni science, because it depends entirely on who will provide knowledge about the science. In contrast to science which is included in the category of exact knowledge, it is largely determined by one's perseverance. The more diligent and diligent in learning, the smarter and gain a lot of knowledge. And we will discuss in this article the basics of laduni science education in the interpretation of the Qur'an. Among them are verses and hadiths that discuss laduni science and comments by Sufis about laduni education.
KARAKTERISTIK TAFSIR SURAH AL-FĀTIḤAH DALAM KITAB NAẒAM TAṢFIYYAH BAHASA JAWA PEGON KARYA K.H. AHMAD RIFA’I KALISALAK
Authors: Rizqiyyah Siti
Published: September 2022

This research discusses the characteristics of the Naẓam Taṣfiyyah that interpreting Surah Al-Fātiḥah by K.H. Ahmad Rifa'i Kalisalak. This study is important because writing about interpretations using naẓam and the Javanese Pegon language is carried out to impart information about the importance of using nazam in the medium of interpretation, thus facilitating its delivery. This research is library research that uses a descriptive-analytic method of Naẓam Taṣfiyyah as the primary source. The results of this study show that the Naẓam Taṣfiyyah uses the interpretation’s type of bi al-ra'yi or interpretation based on reason (ijtihad). This was done to adjust the context that existed when the interpreter lived and as a way to answer the problems that occurred at that time. Interpretation of K.H. Ahmad Rifa'i uses a thematic method that discusses one theme in one surah, which is Surah al-Fātiḥah. In addition, this interpretation has a combination tendency, namely the theological (tawhid) trend, and the 'adabi al-ijtima'i (social-society) trend. These two patterns can be seen from his thinking which includes theological statements in the context of the leadership of the Dutch infidels to return to the teachings of the Qur'an and the Prophet Muhammad Sallā Allāhu 'Alayhi wa Sallam.
Mengelola Keragaman Agama di Lembaga Pendidikan Tinggi Institut Agama Kristen Negeri Ambon
Authors: Ambarita Jenri , Ririhena Ira
Published: September 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan potret keragaman dan bagaimana Institut Agama Kristen Negeri Ambon mengelola keragaman antar umat beragama. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik wawancara mendalam dan observasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa potret keragaman di IAKN Ambon meliputi keragaman keyakinan, etnis dan juga keragaman fisik. Dalam mengelola keragaman, IAKN Ambon melakukan Langkah-langkah seperti: 1) Meningkatkan pemahaman dan kesadaran timbal balik dari semua unsur di lingkup kerja IAKN Ambon (Mahasiswa, pegawai dan dosen); 2) Memberikan kebebasan dalam beribadah menurut keyakinan masing-masing; 3) Menyediakan fasilitas ibadah, yaitu rumah moderasi yang didalamnya ada Musholaa untuk mereka yang beragama islam dan gereja (Capel) untuk yang beragama Kristen dan Katolik; 4) Menciptakan ruang bersama melalui berbagai kegiatan seperti webinar, workshop, pengabdian, penelitian. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa IAKN Ambon menunjukkan sikap yang positif dalam mengelola keragaman melalui berbagai kegiatan seperti workshop, webinar, pengabdian, penelitian, pembangunan rumah moderasi yang semuanya disambut baik oleh semua pihak dan mampu mewujudkan kampus yang harmoni dalam keragaman.

Kata Kunci: mengelola, keragaman, agama

This study aims to describe the portrait of diversity and how the Ambon State Christian Institute manages inter-religious diversity. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with in-depth interviews and observation techniques. The results show that the portrait of diversity in IAKN Ambon includes diversity of beliefs, ethnicities and also physical diversity. In managing diversity, IAKN Ambon takes steps such as: 1) Increasing mutual understanding and awareness of all elements within the scope of work of IAKN Ambon (students, employees and lecturers); 2) Give freedom to worship according to their respective beliefs; 3) Providing worship facilities, namely a house of moderation in which there is a prayer room for those who are Muslim and a church (Capel) for Christians and Catholics; 4) Creating a common space through various activities such as webinars, workshops, community service, research. Thus it can be concluded that IAKN Ambon shows a positive attitude in managing diversity through various activities such as workshops, webinars, community service, research, construction of a moderation house, all of which are welcomed by all parties and are able to create a campus that is harmonious in diversity.

Keywords: managing, diversity, religion
Давлат фуқаролик хизматини ўташ принципларининг назарий-ҳуқуқий асослари
Authors: Рахмонов Сардоржон
Published: September 2022

Давлат фуқаролик хизмати принципларининг мазму-нида давлат бошқарувининг асосий тоифаси сифатида давлат хизматининг моҳиятида мужассамлашганлиги, давлат фуқаролик хизматини ўташ принциплари давлат хизмати принциплари билан бевосита боғлиқлиги, амалдаги қонунчиликда давлат фуқаролик хизматини ўташ принциплари давлат фуқаролик хизмати нуқтаи назардан тартибга солинмаганлигини инобатга олиб, мазкур мақолада давлат фуқаролик хизматини ўташга доим муҳим принциплар тадқиқ этилади. Давлат хизматининг барча тоифалари учун татбиқ этиладиган Ўзбекистон Республикаси Вазирлар Маҳкамасининг “Давлат бошқаруви органлари ва маҳаллий ижро этувчи ҳокимият органлари ходимларининг одоб-ахлоқ намунавий қоидаларини тасдиқлаш тўғрисида”ги қарори билан тасдиқланган Давлат бошқаруви органлари ва маҳаллий ижро этувчи ҳокимият органлари ходимлари-нинг одоб-ахлоқ намунавий қоидаларида давлат хизмат-чилари ўз касбий фаолиятини қуйидаги принциплар: қонунийлик, фуқаролар ҳуқуқлари, эркинликлари ва қонуний манфаатларининг устуворлиги, ватанпарварлик ва хизмат бурчига фидойилик, давлат ва жамият манфаат-ларига содиқлик, адолатлилик, ҳалоллик ва холислик, манфаатлар тўқнашувига йўл қўймаслик орқали амалга оширишлари кераклиги асосида олиб боради.
Влияния трудовой миграции на финансовую сферу принимающих стран
Authors: Мансуров Саиднумон
Published: September 2022

Статья посвящена исследованию последствий воздействия внешней трудовой миграции на финансово-экономическую сферу стран, принимающих иностранную рабочую силу. Автором разработан и предложен методологический подход к оценке воздействия трудовой миграции на развитие финансово-бюджетной сферы принимающих государств. Он заключается в использовании алгоритма количественного анализа, состоящего из трех этапов. Первый этап – определение конкретных позитивных и негативных последствий воздействия трудовой иммиграции на финансово-бюджетную сферу принимающего государства. Второй этап – разработка системы аналитических показателей и методологии ее использования для оценки воздействия указанных последствий на финансово-бюджетную сферу. Третий этап – определение методов сбора статистической информации, необходимой для расчета системы аналитических показателей. Предложенный методологический подход дает возможность оценить воздействие трудовой миграции на финансово-бюджетную сферу принимающего государства по таким важным аспектам, как денежные переводы трудовых мигрантов на родину и поступление обязательных платежей иностранных работников в государственный бюджет. Анализ динамики предложенных показателей позволит принимать оперативные решения по недопущению развития негативных тенденций и максимизации позитивных эффектов от внешней трудовой миграции.
Informatika o‘qituvchisi kasbiy bilimini tash’his etish metodikasi
Authors: Eshaliyev Utkir
Published: September 2022

Jamiyatimiz rivojlanib borayotgan bir paytda yoshlarni zamon talablari asosida tarbiyalash eng muhim vazifalardan biri hisoblanadi. Xususan, informatika o‘qituvchisi kasbiy kompetentligini tash’his etish metodikasi iqtidorli o‘quvchilar bilan ishlashni kuchaytirish, ularning iqtidorini yuzaga chiqarish, bo‘lajak informatika o‘qituvchilarini tayyorlashda asosiy vazifa hisoblanadi.
Work Readiness of Graduates Responding to User Needs for a “Ready to Work” Workforce from University Perspective
Authors: Sartika Didi , Nengsi Ayu Rahma
Published: September 2022

There is a fundamental difference in the concept of "ready to work" between the user perspective and the university, especially for prospective graduates who will enter the workforce. The research aims to provide an assessment of the job-readiness of prospective graduates from a university perspective. Job readiness of prospective graduates is assessed based on four aspects: work competence, personal intelligence, social intelligence, and organizational intelligence. The research uses the Mixing method by conducting interviews, distributing the work readiness scale (WRS) instrument developed by Caballero, and making additional modifications to suit the needs. The instrument was filled out by 64 respondents, 8 men and 56 women, spread over 4 study programs at Faculty of Tarbiyah, IAIN Takengon. Job readiness assessment of prospective graduates shows a good quantitative for all aspects measured. The percentage figures show that, on average, each aspect occupies more than 50%. Specifically, the communication skills section, quantitative assessment, and interviews reveal conditions that require special attention in communicating effectively, both oral and written communication. All aspects are assessed to represent the university's perspective in preparing its graduates to have all competencies they should have when entering the work environment. Some shortcomings are not denied. Universities should improve themselves to produce high-quality graduates to align themselves with user / employers needs.
DESENVOLVIMENTO REGIONAL SUSTENTÁVEL FORTALECIDO PELA AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR NO MUNICÍPIO DE RIO BRANCO
Authors: Alessandra Vieira de Brito Bárbara , de Souza Ferreira João Cesar , Da Silva Pereira Raquel
Published: September 2022

A agricultura familiar contribui significativamente para o desenvolvimento rural sustentável. Os agricultores familiares são parte importante no alcance dos Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS), no que cabe ao desenvolvimento rural e a segurança alimentar. Apesar dessas características importantes, os produtores ainda encontram dificuldades para colocarem sua produção no mercado. Em função disso, o presente artigo apresenta pesquisa que teve por objetivo verificar a percepção dos atores envolvidos nos processos das ações que contribuem para o desenvolvimento regional sustentável, a partir das feiras livres e da agricultura familiar na cidade de Rio Branco, no Acre, por ter recebido o prêmio de Cidade Sustentável, na categoria Redução das Desigualdades, Cidades médias e grandes, com o programa Feiras Livres. A pesquisa foi aplicada junto aos gestores e produtores do Projeto de Agricultura Familiar de Rio Branco/Acre, utilizando a metodologia qualitativa de análise de conteúdo. As conclusões revelaram que o Projeto Feiras Livres da Agricultura Familiar de Rio Branco procura ajustar suas ações de acordo com os três pilares da sustentabilidade: o econômico, o social e o ambiental.
Innovative Pedagogy and Improvement of Students’ Knowledge Retention in Science Education: Learning Activity Package Instructional Approach
Authors: Udu David Agwu , Nmadu John , Uwaleke Chidebe Chijioke , Anudu Adaora Phina , Okechineke Benjamin Chukwunonso , Attamah Precious Chisom , Chukwuemeka Chinonso Osuji , Nwalo Chibueze Nweke , Ogonna Odimkpa Christiana
Published: September 2022

Knowledge retention can be described as the ability of the students to assimilate available information during the learning process and recall/apply such knowledge obtained over time. Previously, students’ active involvement in the teaching and learning processes through innovative pedagogies has enhanced their capacity for knowledge retention. This study, therefore, evaluated the potency of innovative pedagogy, the learning activity package (LAP), in fostering students’ knowledge retention in science subjects in secondary schools, using gender as a moderating variable. The design was quasi-experimental. The sample was 208 class two students grouped into experimental and control groups exposed to LAP and lecture methods, respectively. Data were obtained using the Chemistry Achievement and Retention Test and analyzed with mean, standard deviation, standard error, and the analysis of covariance, computed with SPSS. The findings revealed that the innovative pedagogy improved the students’ knowledge retention in science more than the lecture method at F (1,202) = 45.72, p = .00, p ˂ .05. Besides, there was no interaction effect of method and gender on the students’ retention of knowledge in science at F (1, 203) = 2.47, p = .12, p > .05. The implication is the avalanche of innovative science teachers who blend their instructional strategies to provide for the student’s active participation in the teaching-learning processes for enhanced students’ knowledge retention in science subjects. This research is novel because science teachers can easily adopt the LAP approach for effective lesson delivery, culminating in enhanced students’ knowledge retention in secondary schools in developing nations.
Effects of Salinity Sources on Growth, Physiological Process, Yield, and Fruit Quality of Grafted Rock Melon (Cucumis melo L.)
Authors: Muhamad Hassan Muhamad Hafiz , Awang Yahya , Jaafar Juju Nakasha , Sayuti Zulhazmi , Othman Ghani Muhammad Najib , Mohamad Sabdin Zul Helmey , Nazli Muhamad Hazim
Published: September 2022

There is an increase in demand for high-quality rock melon for the local market. Supplementing salt with a nutrient solution is a viable approach that can be implemented to improve fruit quality. Therefore, this study aims to determine the best salt treatment that can be utilized to increase fruit quality without reducing growth, yield, and physiological process. The study is conducted by grafting (DAG) rock melon/bottle gourd at 18 days with four sources of salinity: basic nutrient solution (BNS) (2.5 dS m-1), sodium chloride (NaCl) (50 mM) + BNS (7.1 dS m-1), potassium nitrate (KNO3) (50 mM) + BNS (7.1 dS m-1), and high strength nutrient solution (NS) (7.1 dS m-1). The plants were arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. Salinity induced using KNO3 + BNS sustained most growth variables, fruit quality, relative water content, and leaf gas exchange compared with control. However, applying NaCl + BNS and high strength NS could sustain all physiological processes and increase fruit quality components, such as total soluble solid and sugar-acid ratio compared to control. Fruit weight had reduced regardless of salinity sources than those grown in control with their respective fruit weight reduction of 28.8%, 28.26%, and 27.72%. To conclude, incorporating NaCl at 50 mM is the most feasible approach to be applied on grafted rock melon/bottle gourd even though the fruit weight had reduced. It is due to the high fruit quality measured, capable of sustaining all physiological processes, provides lower cost, and is easily accessible than other sources of salinity.