bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pixel-Wise Classification of High-Resolution Ground-Based Urban Hyperspectral Images with Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Qamar Farid , Dobler Gregory
Published: August 2020

Using ground-based, remote hyperspectral images from 0.4–1.0 micron in ∼850 spectral channels—acquired with the Urban Observatory facility in New York City—we evaluate the use of one-dimensional Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for pixel-level classification and segmentation of built and natural materials in urban environments. We find that a multi-class model trained on hand-labeled pixels containing Sky, Clouds, Vegetation, Water, Building facades, Windows, Roads, Cars, and Metal structures yields an accuracy of 90–97% for three different scenes. We assess the transferability of this model by training on one scene and testing to another with significantly different illumination conditions and/or different content. This results in a significant (∼45%) decrease in the model precision and recall as does training on all scenes at once and testing on the individual scenes. These results suggest that while CNNs are powerful tools for pixel-level classification of very high-resolution spectral data of urban environments, retraining between scenes may be necessary. Furthermore, we test the dependence of the model on several instrument- and data-specific parameters including reduced spectral resolution (down to 15 spectral channels) and number of available training instances. The results are strongly class-dependent; however, we find that the classification of natural materials is particularly robust, especially the Vegetation class with a precision and recall >94% for all scenes and model transfers and >90% with only a single training instance.
Experimental Evaluation and Consistency Comparison of UAV Multispectral Minisensors
Authors: Lu Han , Fan Tianxing , Ghimire Prakash , Deng Lei
Published: August 2020

In recent years, the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has received increasing attention in remote sensing, vegetation monitoring, vegetation index (VI) mapping, precision agriculture, etc. It has many advantages, such as high spatial resolution, instant information acquisition, convenient operation, high maneuverability, freedom from cloud interference, and low cost. Nowadays, different types of UAV-based multispectral minisensors are used to obtain either surface reflectance or digital number (DN) values. Both the reflectance and DN values can be used to calculate VIs. The consistency and accuracy of spectral data and VIs obtained from these sensors have important application value. In this research, we analyzed the earth observation capabilities of the Parrot Sequoia (Sequoia) and DJI Phantom 4 Multispectral (P4M) sensors using different combinations of correlation coefficients and accuracy assessments. The research method was mainly focused on three aspects: (1) consistency of spectral values, (2) consistency of VI products, and (3) accuracy of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). UAV images in different resolutions were collected using these sensors, and ground points with reflectance values were recorded using an Analytical Spectral Devices handheld spectroradiometer (ASD). The average spectral values and VIs of those sensors were compared using different regions of interest (ROIs). Similarly, the NDVI products of those sensors were compared with ground point NDVI (ASD-NDVI). The results show that Sequoia and P4M are highly correlated in the green, red, red edge, and near-infrared bands (correlation coefficient (R2) > 0.90). The results also show that Sequoia and P4M are highly correlated in different VIs; among them, NDVI has the highest correlation (R2 > 0.98). In comparison with ground point NDVI (ASD-NDVI), the NDVI products obtained by both of these sensors have good accuracy (Sequoia: root-mean-square error (RMSE) < 0.07; P4M: RMSE < 0.09). This shows that the performance of different sensors can be evaluated from the consistency of spectral values, consistency of VI products, and accuracy of VIs. It is also shown that different UAV multispectral minisensors can have similar performances even though they have different spectral response functions. The findings of this study could be a good framework for analyzing the interoperability of different sensors for vegetation change analysis.
Vegetated Target Decorrelation in SAR and Interferometry: Models, Simulation, and Performance Evaluation
Authors: Monti-Guarnieri Andrea , Manzoni Marco , Giudici Davide , Recchia Andrea , Tebaldini Stefano
Published: August 2020

The paper addresses the temporal stability of distributed targets, particularly referring to vegetation, to evaluate the degradation affecting synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging and repeat-pass interferometry, and provide efficient SAR simulation schemes for generating big dataset from wide areas. The models that are mostly adopted in literature are critically reviewed, and aim to study decorrelation in a range of time (from hours to days), of interest for long-term SAR, such as ground-based or geosynchronous, or repeat-pass SAR interferometry. It is shown that none of them explicitly account for a decorrelation occurring in the short-term. An explanation is provided, and a novel temporal decorrelation model is proposed to account for that fast decorrelation. A formal method is developed to evaluate the performance of SAR focusing, and interferometry on a homogenous, stationary scene, in terms of Signal-to-Clutter Ratio (SCR), and interferometric coherence. Finally, an efficient implementation of an SAR simulator capable of handling the realistic case of heterogeneous decorrelation over a wide area is discussed. Examples are given by assuming two geostationary SAR missions in C and X band.
A Chi-Squared Analysis of the Measurements of Two Cosmological Parameters over Time
Authors: Faerber Timothy , López-Corredoira Martín
Published: August 2020

The aim of this analysis was to determine whether or not the given error bars truly represented the dispersion of values in a historical compilation of two cosmological parameters: the amplitude of mass fluctuations (σ8) and Hubble’s constant (H0) parameters in the standard cosmological model. For this analysis, a chi-squared test was executed on a compiled list of past measurements. It was found through analysis of the chi-squared (χ2) values of the data that for σ8 (60 data points measured between 1993 and 2019 and χ2 between 182.4 and 189.0) the associated probability Q is extremely low, with Q=1.6×10−15 for the weighted average and Q=8.8×10−15 for the best linear fit of the data. This was also the case for the χ2 values of H0 (163 data points measured between 1976 and 2019 and χ2 between 480.1 and 575.7), where Q=1.8×10−33 for the linear fit of the data and Q=1.0×10−47 for the weighted average of the data. The general conclusion was that the statistical error bars associated with the observed parameter measurements have been underestimated or the systematic errors were not properly taken into account in at least 20% of the measurements. The fact that the underestimation of error bars for H0 is so common might explain the apparent 4.4σ discrepancy formally known today as the Hubble tension.
Vaccine Candidates against Coronavirus Infections. Where Does COVID-19 Stand?
Authors: Al-Kassmy Jawad , Pedersen Jannie , Kobinger Gary
Published: August 2020

Seven years after the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) outbreak, a new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) made its first appearance in a food market in Wuhan, China, drawing an entirely new course to our lives. As the virus belongs to the same genus of MERS and SARS, researchers have been trying to draw lessons from previous outbreaks to find a potential cure. Although there were five Phase I human vaccine trials against SARS and MERS, the lack of data in humans provided us with limited benchmarks that could help us design a new vaccine for Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this review, we showcase the similarities in structures of virus components between SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 in areas relevant to vaccine design. Using the ClinicalTrials.gov and World Health Organization (WHO) databases, we shed light on the 16 current approved clinical trials worldwide in search for a COVID-19 vaccine. The different vaccine platforms being tested are Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccines, DNA and RNA-based vaccines, inactivated vaccines, protein subunits, and viral vectors. By thoroughly analyzing different trials and platforms, we also discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using each type of vaccine and how they can contribute to the design of an adequate vaccine for COVID-19. Studying past efforts invested in conducting vaccine trials for MERS and SARS will provide vital insights regarding the best approach to designing an effective vaccine against COVID-19.
Emerging Role of Mucosal Vaccine in Preventing Infection with Avian Influenza A Viruses
Authors: Wang Tong , Wei Fanhua , Liu Jinhua
Published: August 2020

Avian influenza A viruses (AIVs), as a zoonotic agent, dramatically impacts public health and the poultry industry. Although low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV) incidence and mortality are relatively low, the infected hosts can act as a virus carrier and provide a resource pool for reassortant influenza viruses. At present, vaccination is the most effective way to eradicate AIVs from commercial poultry. The inactivated vaccines can only stimulate humoral immunity, rather than cellular and mucosal immune responses, while failing to effectively inhibit the replication and spread of AIVs in the flock. In recent years, significant progresses have been made in the understanding of the mechanisms underlying the vaccine antigen activities at the mucosal surfaces and the development of safe and efficacious mucosal vaccines that mimic the natural infection route and cut off the AIVs infection route. Here, we discussed the current status and advancement on mucosal immunity, the means of establishing mucosal immunity, and finally a perspective for design of AIVs mucosal vaccines. Hopefully, this review will help to not only understand and predict AIVs infection characteristics in birds but also extrapolate them for distinction or applicability in mammals, including humans.
Nonlocal Torsional Vibration of Elliptical Nanorods with Different Boundary Conditions
Authors: Khosravi Farshad , Hosseini Seyyed Amirhosein , Hamidi Babak Alizadeh , Dimitri Rossana , Tornabene Francesco
Published: August 2020

This work aims at investigating the free torsional vibration of one-directional nanostructures with an elliptical shape, under different boundary conditions. The equation of motion is derived from Hamilton’s principle, where Eringen’s nonlocal theory is applied to analyze the small-scale effects. The analytical Galerkin method is employed to rewrite the equation of motion as an ordinary differential equation (ODE). After a preliminary validation check of the proposed formulation, a systematic study investigates the influence of the nonlocal parameters, boundary conditions, geometrical and mechanical parameters on the natural frequency of nanorods; the objective is to provide useful findings for design and optimization purposes of many nanotechnology applications, such as, nanodevices, actuators, sensors, rods, nanocables, and nanostructured aerospace systems.
Sacred Connections: Using Faith-based Narratives to Create Matricentric Empowerment Spaces for Syrian Refugee Women
Authors: Thomas Kayte
Published: August 2020

Christian social workers are called by both faith and professional ethics to welcome refugees. The Syrian conflict has created the largest refugee crisis the world has ever known, and while women and children are extremely vulnerable, the unique needs of refugee mothers are often overlooked in both policy and practice. Great importance is placed on motherhood roles in both Western and Arabic cultures, and providing targeted support to uplift refugee mothers can have significant positive ramifications as Syrian refugees resettle into their new lives. Guided by Brené Brown’s insights on empathy and drawing parallels from crossover stories of Biblical women in both Christian and Islamic traditions, the author uses sacred connections to build empathy and enact social change. This paper highlights ways that Christian social workers can adopt a matricentric (mother-focused) approach and provides a recommended interfaith model for intervention with Syrian refugee mothers.
Leveraging Language Proficiency Through Cultural Intelligence to Improve Global Virtual Team Performance
Authors: Stephens Robert , Dong Longzhu , Soares Ana Maria
Published: August 2020

We examine the effect of group level skills on group processes and collective outcomes in multilingual, multicultural global virtual teams. We test a moderated mediation model in which cultural intelligence (CQ) is found to moderate the relationship between average team perceived English language proficiency, team creativity, and team performance with the variables of elaboration of task information and task conflict serving as mediators in the relationship. Data was gathered from 5,852 people working in 895 teams to test the model. Results show that the average English proficiency of the team is positively associated with both team creativity and overall team performance through the mediator of elaboration of task information. CQ moderates this relationship such that teams high in average CQ are much better at elaborating task information as average team English skills increase while teams with low average CQ experience only minimal increases in task elaboration as English skills increase. The model is not significant, however, when using average levels of task conflict on the team as a mediating variable. CQ does not moderate conflict, and conflict is not significantly related to either creativity or overall team performance. We explore implications for managerial practice and directions for future research.
Keywords: GVTs; CQ; English proficiency; elaboration of task-relevant information; task conflict; team creativity; team performance
Are Agricultural Markets in the Punjab Technically Efficient?
Authors: Zafar Mahniya , Hamid Naved , Arshad Fatima
Published: August 2020

We testthe technical efficiency, measured by the degreeof integration,of agriculture marketsfor five crops in the Punjabprovince of Pakistanusing daily wholesale market prices from the Agriculture Management Information System (AMIS). We findthat potato, onion and mango markets are well integrated both horizontally and vertically, with the speed of price adjustment in most cases (mango isthe exception) being very rapid. We also find that kinnow and basmati rice markets are bothvertically fairly well integrated. Furthermore, we findthat trends in cropping patternsover the period 2000 to 2014 are in line with the changing market demand and government priceinterventions. The reformsintroducedby thePunjab Agriculture Marketing Regulatory Authority (PAMRA) Act 2020,aimed atincreasing competition in agriculture markets,have the potential tosignificantly improve economic efficiency.
Antecedentes contextuales de la participación Femenina en juntas directivas: el caso de Colombia
Authors: Orozco Collazos Luz Elena , Baldrich Mora Victor Alonso
Published: August 2020

Este artículo tiene el objetivo de identificar y analizar las tendencias de participación femenina en juntas directivas en Colombia. Se argumenta que el isomorfismo institucional influencia la dinámica del nombramiento de mujeres directoras en contextos en los que no existe una normatividad que la promueva. De esta forma, las prácticas de las organizaciones más visibles en contextos específicos influencian estos nombramientos en otras organizaciones en dichos contextos. El estudio utiliza información reportada por empresas colombianas para el periodo 2000-2009. Los resultados muestran una tendencia creciente, aunque lenta, en el nombramiento de mujeres directoras, lo cual se explica por la existencia de factores contextuales. El nombramiento de mujeres directoras en empresas del Gobierno y en las empresas dominantes por industria tiene un efecto positivo sobre el nombramiento de mujeres en otras empresas; por su parte, el nombramiento de mujeres directoras en las empresas más longevas es muy bajo y se relaciona de forma negativa con estos nombramientos en las demás empresas.
Lazer, Pesquisa e Interdisciplinaridade
Authors: Marques Walter Ernesto Ude
Published: August 2020

Trata-se de uma palestra desenvolvida no XII Seminário "O Lazer em Debate", na qual se abordou a relação entre Lazer, Pesquisa e Interdisciplinaridade, no contexto atual das produções acadêmicas. Nesse sentido, se questionou os critérios adotados para a avaliação dos trabalhos científicos, dentro do modelo que vigora entre a maioria das universidades, os quais priorizam aspectos quantitativos e produtivistas em detrimento da qualidade da sua produção. Diante do tempo exíguo para a realização das pesquisas nos cursos de pós-graduação, principalmente no nível de mestrado, tem se produzido trabalhos mais descritivos do que analíticos e interpretativos, sem possibilidade de intervenções pertinentes na realidade social. No campo de estudos do lazer, essa premissa se torna mais complicada, considerando sua interface com a cultura, e a necessidade do desenvolvimento de estudos antropológicos. A inter e a transdisciplinaridade comparecem como possibilidades necessárias para o enfrentamento da complexidade das atividades que envolvem o contexto de estudos acerca do lazer. Todavia, perante a uma perspectiva hegemônica que impõe leituras simplificadas e ágeis diante da realidade pesquisada corre-se o risco de produzir pesquisas pouco aprofundadas. Frente a isso, a discussão deste artigo problematiza a concepção de ciência que se vem construindo, nos últimos tempos, e a qualidade do conhecimento produzido diante das pressões do atual de sistema de avaliação das universidades brasileiras.
ЎЗБЕКИСТОН ИМИЖИНИ ОШИРИШДА МИЛЛИЙ ПУБЛИЦИСТИКАНИНГ РОЛИ
Authors: ALIMOV Beruniy
Published: August 2020

Ушбу мақолада босма нашр ва публицистиканинг мамлакат имижини оширишдаги роли таҳлил қилинади. Шунингдек, уларнинг асосий вазифаси жамият ҳаётида шу кун, айни замонда юз берган воқеалар, ҳодисалар ҳақида жамиятни хабардор қилиш, ундаги мавжуд масалалар, муаммолар бўйича жамоатчилик фикрини уйғотишдан иборат эканлиги қайд этилади. Публицистика ва матбуот барча оммавий ахборот воситаларининг ўзаги, қон томири бўлгани каби, у ҳозирги оммавий коммуникациялар даврида ҳам медиа макон ва унинг истеъмолчилари, ўқувчилар учун муҳим аҳамиятга эга ҳисобланади. Унинг жамият ҳаёти, атрофда содир бўлаётган воқеа-ҳодисаларни ўзида акс эттириши, таҳлил қилиши ва ўқувчилар аудиторияга таъсиридан иборат ижтимоий функцияларини эътироф этган ҳолда, матбуотнинг мамлакат ички ва ташқи медиа имижини мустаҳкамлаш жараёнидаги ўрни беқиёслигидан холис одам кўз юмолмайди. Мамлакатнинг ташқи медиа макондаги нуфузи авваламбор унинг ички ахборот маконидаги имижининг узвий давоми эканлигини тан олган ҳолда шуни алоҳида қайд этиш ўринлики, миллий матбуот ва публицистика мамлакат имижини шакллантиришда ўзига хос роль ўйнайди. Бинобарин, Ўзбекистон журналистикаси жаҳон ахборот макони архитектоникасига ҳақли аъзо сифатида киришни истар экан, мақолаларнинг тили, уларнинг яратилиш услуби ва жанрлари ҳам дунё матбуотида қабул қилинган замонавий шакл ва форматларга мослашмасдан иложи йўқ. Матбуот воқеа-ҳодисалар ҳақида ахборот, маълумот етказиш билан чекланмайди, балки мавжуд ҳолатни таҳлил, тадқиқ қилади, хулосалар чиқаради, таклиф-мулоҳазаларни кенг жамоатчилик муҳокамасига тақдим этади. Замонавий ўзбек публицистлари жамият равнақи йўлида тўғаноқ бўлаётган муаммоларни дадиллик билан ёзиш, таҳлил қилиш, танқид қилиш борасида ўз сўзларини айтмоқдалар.
Electrolyzer Modeling and Real-Time Control for Optimized Production of Hydrogen Gas
Authors: Flamm Benjamin , Peter Christian , Büchi Felix N. , Lygeros John
Published: August 2020

We present a method that operates an electrolyzer to meet the demand of a hydrogen refueling station in a cost-effective manner by solving a model-based optimal control problem. To formulate the underlying problem, we first conduct an experimental characterization of a Siemens SILYZER 100 polymer electrolyte membrane electrolyzer with 100 kW of rated power. We run experiments to determine the electrolyzer's conversion efficiency and thermal dynamics as well as the overload-limiting algorithm used in the electrolyzer. The resulting detailed nonlinear models are used to design a real-time optimal controller, which is then implemented on the actual system. Each minute, the controller solves a deterministic, receding-horizon problem which seeks to minimize the cost of satisfying a given hydrogen demand, while using a storage tank to take advantage of time-varying electricity prices and photovoltaic inflow. We illustrate in simulation the significant cost reduction achieved by our method compared to others in the literature, and then validate our method by demonstrating it in real-time operation on the actual system. 
On the unreasonable effectiveness of CNNs
Authors: Hauptmann Andreas , Adler Jonas
Published: August 2020

A technical report discussing some unexpected results when using off-the-shelf convolutional neural networks for image-to-image problems.
Effectivenes Education For Diabetic Melitus Management In Elderly With Diabetic Melitus
Authors: Lilyana Maria Theresia Arie , Pae Kristina
Published: August 2020

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic syndrome due to impaired amount and function of insulin which causes high blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia). Chronic hyperglycemia that occurs in DM can cause both microvascular and macrovascular complications, so the ability to manage DM is needed to prevent it. The focus of this research is the ability to manage DM for the elderly after getting education about DM management from various sources of information. A qualitative phenomenological design was chosen to obtain individual and in-depth information. Four participants were determined by purposive sampling. In-depth interviews were conducted using a recording device, a semi-structured interview guide, and field notes. Colaizzi's approach Qualitative content analysis produces themes: The information sources of DM management; The DM management that has been done; and The DM education form that they expected. This study concludes that based on information that the participant gives, management of DM are obtained by consumption hypoglycemic therapy and diet routinely to stay in a healthy condition, physical activities such as exercise carried out according to participant conditions, and another method of therapies is based on the participant experience and habits as a result of complications that occur for example hypoglycemia. Recommendation for the next research is an effective education for the elderly is needed to improve their ability to manage chronic illness such as DM.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, education, DM management, elderly
Fostering National Unity and National Consciousness in Ghana through Social Studies Education
Authors: Osman Shani , Gyasi Mensah Eric
Published: August 2020

Social Studies as a subject in Ghana, has the potentials of teaching functional knowledge and desirable values into students for fostering national unity and consciousness. This study sought to find out the national unity and national consciousness contents in junior and secondary school social studies curricula in Ghanaian schools as well as the perception of students on social studies' role in promoting national unity. The study adopted a descriptive survey design with content analysis. A sample of 208 Form Three Senior High School students from Ofori Panin Senior High School was selected through a convenience sampling technique. Findings of the study showed that contents for the promotion of national unity and national consciousness as part of social studies education were moderately provided for in the JHS and SHS syllabi. Students also have a favourable view of social studies education as an instrument for the promotion of national unity and consciousness. However, the teaching and learning of the subject is challenged by the inadequate period allocation on the time table for SHS, non-use of TLMs by teachers, and overloaded syllabus.
Thyroid metastasis from tonsil carcinoma: a rare presentation.
Authors: Pérez Quintero R , Rodríguez Padilla Á , Morales Martín G , Escoresca Suárez I
Published: August 2020

Las metástasis a la glándula tiroides son extremadamente raras, y particularmente de los carcinoma de cabeza y cuello. La afectación tiroidea puede ser identificada durante la estadificación del tumor primario o como masa cervical de nueva aparición. La evaluación preoperatoria es similar al estudio de una lesión primaria del tiroides.

Presentamos un caso de metástasis tiroidea por carcinoma de amigdala. El objetivo de nuestro artículo es analizar las características patológicas, examen, tratamiento y seguimiento.
[Blockchain] Accuracy Certification System for a Kpop Dance Application
Authors: Jeong G. , Freitas N.
Published: August 2020

These days, with the popularity of music, video, performance arts and creative contents among the younger generations, a raise on the number of people who want to start a self-made online career on the above industries could be seen. Among them there are those who are becoming a self-made artist, dancers, coaches. Not having a certified institution to verify the authenticity their skills, eventually, an online automatized method of self-certification, recognized by but not necessarily made by institutions, will be essential, due to the boom of creator professionalization, their large influence and the health and safety risks implied. There is still lots of improvements to be done in this field. This paper explores the blockchain certification system and its opportunity to be applied as skill classification and selective stage on the dance audition system. The findings here will be applied on a dance and fitness application.
Developing a Culture of Health and Safety on Construction Projects Framework in Nigeria
Authors: Nouban Fatemeh , John Serah Onuh
Published: August 2020

Managing health and safety on construction sites has always been a challenging issue faced by the Nigerian construction industry. Safety conditions on the construction sites depends on type or nature of work to be carried out and the management make commitment to implement safety projects concerning construction. There are no requirements assigned for implementing a security management system by the Nigerian government. Construction industries lacked a framework to implement security regarding projects on construction sites. Developing a Safety Framework can help professionals involved in carrying out construction works, implement and improve safety practices in executing their projects on sites. This study presents the development of a structure for implementing an effective health security on construction sites. An extensive review of the literature was carried out to design an appropriate security framework. The results underscore the requirement for competent personnel who must be appointed to ensure safety on construction sites. Finally, a security framework was developed in which companies can accept and adhere. The results of this research will help Nigerian construction companies to improve safety on construction sites.
Isomers of Hydrogenated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Explain the Presence of Infrared Bands in the 3 μm Region
Authors: Pla Paula , Wang Yang , Martín Fernando , Alcamí Manuel
Published: August 2020

A large number of hydrogenated coronene, circumcoronene, and circumcircumcoronene isomers have been investigated by means of density functional theory calculations. The computation of their IR spectra puts forward significant differences between the different isomers in the 3 μm region and shows that hydrogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons can account for the aromatic infrared bands resulting from the absorption of light by the interstellar medium. In particular, the intense 3.3 μm band, as well as the weak features observed at 3.40, 3.46, 3.51, and 3.56 μm are reasonably reproduced by the present calculations. The latter two are only observed when hydrogenation takes place in tertiary carbon atoms, showing that the frequencies at which these IR bands appear are a consequence of their position and chemical environment within the molecule.
Herschel SPIRE Discovery of Far-infrared Excess Synchrotron Emission from the West Hot Spot of the Radio Galaxy Pictor A
Authors: Isobe Naoki , Sunada Yuji , Kino Motoki , Koyama Shoko , Tashiro Makoto , Nagai Hiroshi , Pearson Chris
Published: August 2020

A far-infrared counterpart to the west hot spot of the radio galaxy Pictor A is discovered with the Spectral and Photometric Imaging REceiver (SPIRE) on board Herschel. The color-corrected flux density of the source is measured as 70.0 ± 9.9 mJy at the wavelength of 350 μm. A close investigation into its radio-to-optical spectrum indicates that the mid-infrared excess over the radio synchrotron component, detected with Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer and Spitzer, significantly contributes to the far-infrared band. Thanks to the SPIRE data, it is revealed that the spectrum of the excess is described by a broken power-law model subjected to a high-energy cutoff. By applying the radiative cooling break under continuous energy injection (Δα = 0.5), the broken power-law model supports an idea that the excess originates in 10 pc scale substructures within the hot spot. From the break frequency,

Hz, the magnetic field was estimated as B ≃ 1–4 mG. This is higher than the minimum-energy magnetic field of the substructures by a factor of 3–10. Even if the origin of the excess is larger than ∼100 pc, the magnetic field stronger than the minimum-energy field is confirmed. It is proposed that regions with a magnetic field locally boosted via plasma turbulence are observed as the substructures. The derived energy index below the break, α ∼ 0.22 (conservatively <0.42), is difficult to be attributed to the strong-shock acceleration (α = 0.5). Stochastic acceleration and magnetic reconnection are considered as a plausible alternative mechanism.
Statistical Detection of IGM Structures during Cosmic Reionization Using Absorption of the Redshifted 21 cm line by H i against Compact Background Radio Sources
Authors: Thyagarajan Nithyanandan
Published: August 2020

Detecting neutral hydrogen structures in the intergalactic medium (IGM) during cosmic reionization via absorption (21 cm forest) against a background radiation is considered independent and complementary to the three-dimensional tomography and power spectrum techniques. The direct detection of this absorption requires very bright (≳10–100 mJy) background sources at high redshifts (z ≳  8), which are evidently rare; very long times of integration; or instruments of very high sensitivity. This motivates a statistical one-dimensional (1D) power spectrum approach along narrow sightlines but with fainter background objects (∼1–10 mJy), which are likely to be more abundant and significant contributors at high redshifts. The 1D power spectrum reduces cosmic variance and improves sensitivity especially on small spatial scales. Using standard radiative transfer and fiducial models for the instrument, the background sources, and the evolution of IGM structures during cosmic reionization, the potential of the 1D power spectrum along selected narrow directions is investigated against uncertainties from thermal noise and the chromatic synthesized point spread function (PSF) response. Minimum requirements on the number of high-redshift background sources, the telescope sensitivity, and the PSF quality are estimated for a range of instrumental, background source, and reionization model parameters. The 1D power spectrum is intrinsically stronger at higher redshifts. A ∼1000 hr observing campaign targeting ∼100 narrow sightlines to radio-faint, high-redshift background objects with modern radio telescopes, especially the Square Kilometre Array, can detect the 1D power spectrum on a range of spatial scales and redshifts, and potentially discriminate between models of cosmic reionization.
The Complex Space Weather Events of 2017 September
Authors: Hajra Rajkumar , Tsurutani Bruce T. , Lakhina Gurbax S.
Published: August 2020

Interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs), magnetic clouds (MCs), sheaths, corotating interaction regions (CIRs), solar wind high-speed streams (HSSs), fast forward shocks (FSs), reverse waves (RWs), stream interfaces, and heliospheric current sheet crossings detected upstream of the Earth and their geoeffectiveness are studied during 2017 September. The most intense geomagnetic storm (SYM-H peak = −146 nT) starting on September 7 had a three-step main phase. A compound interplanetary structure resulting from an FS encountering and compressing the upstream MC southward interplanetary magnetic fields (IMFs) caused the first two steps of the storm. A magnetospheric supersubstorm (SSS; SML peak = −3712 nT) led to the third and most intense step. An MC portion of an ICME created an intense storm (SYM-H peak = −115 nT) on September 8. A second SSS (SML peak = −2642 nT) occurred during the main phase of this storm. Intense geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) occurred during the SSSs. Two moderate magnetic storms with peak SYM-H indices of −65 and −74 nT occurring on September 13 and 27 were caused by sheath and CIR southward IMFs, respectively. Six FSs and their associated sheaths caused sudden impulses (SI+s) of magnitude ranging from +11 to +56 nT. The shocks/sheaths led to magnetospheric relativistic electron flux decreases. The RWs caused SI−s and substorm recoveries by reducing southward IMFs. The high-intensity long-duration continuous AE activities (HILDCAAs) caused by the HSSs were related to the increase/acceleration of relativistic electron fluxes.
The Supernova Remnant Population of NGC 6946 as Observed in [Fe ii] 1.644 μm with HST*
Authors: Long Knox S. , Blair William P. , Winkler P. Frank , Lacey Christina K.
Published: August 2020

NGC 6946 is a high-star-formation-rate, face-on, spiral galaxy that has hosted 10 supernovae since 1917. Not surprisingly, a large number of supernova remnants and candidates have been identified either as optical nebulae with high [S ii]:Hα line ratios (147) or as compact non-thermal radio sources (35). However, there are only seven overlaps between these two samples. Here, we apply [Fe ii] 1.644 μm emission as a new diagnostic to search for supernova remnants in an attempt to resolve this discrepancy. [Fe ii] is expected to be relatively strong in the radiative shocks of supernova remnants and almost absent in H ii regions. It is less susceptible to the effects of absorption along the line of sight than the optical lines normally used to identify remnants. Using data from the WFC3 camera on Hubble Space Telescope (HST), we identify 132 [Fe ii] emission nebulae in NGC 6946 as likely supernova remnants. Of these, 54 align with previously known optical supernova remnants. The remaining 78 objects are new; of these 44 are visible in new HST imagery in Hα and [S ii]. This brings the total number of supernova remnant candidates (from optical and/or IR data) in NGC 6946 to 225. A total of 14 coincidences with radio supernova remnant candidates (out of 30 in our search area) are found in this expanded list. The identification of so many new remnant candidates validates the use of [Fe ii] imagery for finding remnants, and suggests that previous remnant searches in other galaxies may be far from complete.
Extensive Study of a Coronal Mass Ejection with UV and White-light Coronagraphs: The Need for Multiwavelength Observations
Authors: Ying Beili , Bemporad Alessandro , Feng Li , Lu Lei , Gan Weiqun , Li Hui
Published: August 2020

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) often show different features in different bandpasses. By combining data in white-light (WL) and ultraviolet (UV) bands, we have applied different techniques to derive plasma temperatures, electron density, internal radial speed, and so on, within a fast CME. They serve as extensive tests of the diagnostic capabilities developed for the observations provided by future multichannel coronagraphs (such as Solar Orbiter/Metis, Chinese Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory/Lyα Solar Telescope (LST), and PROBA-3/ASPIICS). The data involved include WL images acquired by Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO)/Large Angle Spectroscopic Coronagraph (LASCO) coronagraphs, and intensities measured by the SOHO/UV Coronagraph Spectrometer (UVCS) at 2.45 R
⊙ in the UV (H i Lyα and O vi 1032 Å lines) and WL channels. Data from the UVCS WL channel have been employed for the first time to measure the CME position angle with the polarization-ratio technique. Plasma electron and effective temperatures of the CME core and void are estimated by combining UV and WL data. Due to the CME expansion and the possible existence of prominence segments, the transit of the CME core results in decreases in the electron temperature down to 105 K. The front is observed as a significant dimming in the Lyα intensity, associated with a line broadening due to plasma heating and flows along the line of sight. The 2D distribution of plasma speeds within the CME body is reconstructed from LASCO images and employed to constrain the Doppler dimming of the Lyα line and simulate future CME observations by Metis and LST.
The Importance of Having an Extended Point-spread Function in Low Surface-brightness Science
Authors: Infante-Sainz Raúl , Trujillo Ignacio , Román Javier
Published: August 2020

Obtaining and characterizing the extended point-spread function (PSF) is essential to extract accurate photometric information from deep imaging surveys. In this contribution, we present the extended PSFs of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). By stacking images of individual stars with different brightness, two-dimensional SDSS PSFs extending over 8 arcmin in radius for all the SDSS filters have been obtained. We demonstrate how to use the PSF models for correcting the scattered light field produced by the brightest stars in the Coma cluster central region field. This example shows the enormous importance of extended PSFs in the study of the low-surface brightness Universe, especially with the upcoming of ultra-deep surveys such as the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST). All PSF models and the scripts used to obtain them are publicly available and further details can be found in Infante-Sainz et al. (2020).
Finding the forgotten gems: revisiting the butterflies of Matheran after 125 years with introduction to novel colour barcode for depicting seasons and activity of the Indian butterflies
Authors: Sawant Mandar , Sarang Sagar , Modak Nikhil
Published: August 2020

We present here an updated checklist for the butterflies of Matheran, Maharashtra, India, an eco-sensitive zone, with identification remarks for locally rare or very rare butterflies. This is the first dedicated checklist for butterflies of Matheran after 125 years. A total of 140 species of butterflies were recorded belonging to six families. Amongst them, 15 species were either listed under Schedule I, II or IV of the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. We also list the habitats of the species along with the data for their activity at the time of recording the observation. We propose a uniform colour code system for representing season and activity for the Indian butterflies. Examples of colour barcodes are provided with the images of rare and very rare butterflies. The lack of abundance data is a limitation of the study for which we propose long term monitoring with dedicated efforts.
Le canal de Suez face aux évolutions de la marine marchande : un siècle et demi de défis techniques
Authors: Piquet Caroline
Published: August 2020

Le canal de Suez depuis son ouverture à la navigation en 1869 représente une réalisation technique en évolution permanente, soumise aux évolutions de la marine marchande au cours des deux derniers siècles. Au xixe siècle, il constitue une étape décisive dans l’histoire des travaux publics en révolutionnant les techniques de dragage. L’essor du commerce maritime dans le dernier quart du xixe siècle pousse les ingénieurs à concevoir plusieurs programmes d’adaptation du canal en fonction de la modernisation des flottes. Au siècle suivant, l’apparition des tankers et porte-conteneurs toujours plus imposants impose de nouveaux travaux au canal afin que celui-ci puisse conserver son rang parmi les premières routes maritimes mondiales. Au début du xxie siècle, avec les travaux de 2015, cette préoccupation demeure essentielle pour l’Égypte qui entend grâce au canal consolider sa place dans le commerce entre l’Europe et l’Asie.
Consideration of Thermodynamic Processes Formation of Compressed-Air Foam in Design Compressed Air Foam Systems
Authors: Kodrik Anatolii , Titenko Oleksandr , Vinogradov Stanislav , Shakhov Stanislav
Published: August 2020

The main problem with creating compressed air systems is to properly regulate the flow of water and the flow of air that is fed into the mixing chamber so as to continuously provide a foam that must have adequate fire-fighting properties and remain stable over time. The process of obtaining compression foam is a thermodynamic process, which depending on the specified technological factors can be both isothermal and adiabatic. The nature of the process determines both the geometric and physical properties of the foam, and its possible fluctuations can lead to changes in the physical characteristics of the foam. The work provides recommendations for determining the type of thermodynamic process, which makes it possible to improve the accuracy when creating mathematical models of mobile plants for the production of CAF.
Numerical Modelling of Gas Explosion Overpressure Mitigation Effects
Authors: Skob Yurii , Ugryumov Mykhaylo , Dreval Yuriy
Published: August 2020

The main aims of this study are to assess numerically the mitigation effects caused by the solid wall installed at the fueling station in order to protect personnel from the consequences of the emergent gas explosion, evaluate the optimal location of the wall and choose the appropriate material the wall have to be made of in order not to be destructed. A three-dimensional mathematical model of an explosion of hydrogen-air cloud is used. A computer technology how to define the personnel damage probability fields on the basis of probit analysis of the explosion wave is developed. The mathematical model takes into account the complex terrain and three-dimensional non-stationary nature of the shock wave propagation process. The model allows obtaining time-spatial distribution of damaging factors (overpressure in the shock wave front and the compression phase impulse) required to determine the three-dimensional non-stationary damage probability fields based on probit analysis. The developed computer technology allows to carry out an automated analysis of the safety situation at the fueling station and to conduct a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of different types of material the protective facilities made of.
On Providing an Assessment Monitoring System for Especially Essential Structures
Authors: Kolokhov Viktor , Kushnerova Liliya , Moroz Lina , Pavlenko Tetiana
Published: August 2020

The article deals with the assessment problems of especially essential structures. Increased demands on prevention of emergency situations and minimizing the consequences in the event of their occurrence require constant determination of especially essential structures condition. Achieving the goal of reliability and continuity of information is possible by coating the structure surface by a layer of electroconductive concrete, working as a monitoring system sensor. The study of the electrical properties of concrete was performed using the voltmeter – ammeter scheme. After the measurements had been made, the conditional electrical resistance of the electrode pair was calculated. The analysis of the above dependencies found that the change in the electrical resistance of the material from its stress approaches the linear law at lower values of W/C over a larger section of the studied interval. Processing of the obtained data showed that the measurement results were significantly affected by the shape and size of the electrodes used during the experiments.
Scientific Research Basics of Fire Resistance Testing for Reinforced Concrete Structures and Buildings
Authors: Fomin Stanislav , Butenko Serhii , Plakhotnikova Iryna , Koliesnikov Serhii
Published: August 2020

Breakthroughs in the development of science and technology of fire testing and fire resistance tests, their present state are discussed, and ideas about the future development of fire resistance tests are given, furthermore the directions in which deeper studies are necessary, are marked. The first revolution in fire resistance testing began not so long ago, in the nineteenth century, when basic tools were developed to measure temperature and heat fluxes. The second revolution in the measurement and understanding of fire occurred in the early twentieth century with the worldwide recognition that scientifically well-reasoned fire-fighting standards are needed to protect people's lives and their property. At the same time, engineering innovations were developed for electromechanical equipment that could automatically record data obtained during a fire experimentally. This progress in data recording has made it possible to study fire behaviour in details. The third revolution in fire resistance testing took place in the second half of the twentieth century with the development of accessible digital data and computer recording equipment that improved data analysis and the development of evidence-based forecast models. The widespread application of technology and computational methods have opened up a theoretical world that provides nuanced insight of fire dynamics and gives the means for development of more effective fire test methods.
Protection of Wood from Burning with Paints on Alkaline Aluminosilicates-Based
Authors: Guzii Sergii G. , Bazhelka Ihar , Svitlychna Nataliia , Lashchivskiy Vasyl
Published: August 2020

The aim of the work was to determination the combustibility group of color fire retardant paints for wood. As a result of the fire tests, it was found that the developed compositions of fire-retardant mineral paints on an alkaline aluminosilicate binder in the (Na, K)2O-Al2O3-nSiO2-mH2O system are difficult to combustible and to flammable, and occupy a middle position between G1 and G2 in the combustibility group. As a result of the fire tests, the temperature of the flue gases did not exceed the critical value - above 260 [°C], the weight loss of the samples was in the range from 5.56 to 10.17 [%], and the burning rate did not exceed 0.0026 [kg/(m2s)]. Given the rather high margin of flue gas temperature, further fire tests are planned to be carried out according to EN 13823 in RICE Sweden.
Using of Production Wastes in Stormwater Drainage Purification
Authors: Grytsenko Anatolii , Rybalova Olha , Matsak Anton , Artemiev Sergey
Published: August 2020

The climate change prognosis in the Kharkiv region shows an increasing danger of forest fires and negative consequences for the environmental components. In this article the negative impact from forests fires on the environment have been analyzed. The new method is proposed for cleaning the surface runoff, which is formed after a forest fire, by filtering in artificial or natural through the biological trenches using basalt chips of 0,5–2 mm in size as a filtration nozzle. Use of the proposed method of surface runoff purification will improve the water ecosystem sanitation and the increase of the ecological safety due to the production company wastes utilization. The proposed method of stormwater treatment is easy to operate, ecologically friendly and economically advantageous.