bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Below-Knee Amputation Resulting from an Arterial Thrombosis from Tourniquet Use in a Patient with Undiagnosed Factor V Leiden
Authors: Hautala Gavin , Liu Boshen , Hamilton David , Aneja Arun , Moghadamian Eric
Published: February 2020

Case:

A 38-year-old woman presented with previously undiagnosed factor V Leiden (FVL), who suffered a complete superficial femoral arterial thrombosis after tourniquet use during the surgical repair of one of her bilateral tibial plafond fractures. This patient's injury eventually resulted in a below-knee amputation.

Conclusion:

We recommend expanding hypercoagulable screening on patients with risk factors based on a detailed history and physical examination. We also recommend limiting or negating tourniquet use in patients with FVL or other hypercoagulable disorders.
Identification of cholesterol-assimilating actinomycetes strain and application of statistical modeling approaches for improvement of cholesterol oxidase production by Streptomyces anulatus strain NEAE-94
Authors: El-Naggar Noura El-Ahmady , El-Shweihy Nancy M.
Published: February 2020

Background: Cholesterol oxidase biosensors have been used to determine the level of cholesterol in different serum and food samples. Due to a wide range of industrial and clinical applications of microbial cholesterol oxidase, isolation and identification of a new microbial source (s) of cholesterol oxidase are very important. Results: The local isolate Streptomyces sp. strain NEAE-94 is a promising source of cholesterol oxidase. It was identified based on cultural, morphological and physiological characteristics; in addition to the 16S rRNA sequence. The sequencing product had been deposited in the GenBank database under the accession number KC354803. Cholesterol oxidase production by Streptomyces anulatus strain NEAE-94 in shake flasks was optimized using surface response methodology. The different process parameters were first screened using a Plackett-Burman design and the parameters with significant effects on the production of cholesterol oxidase were identified. Out of the fifteen factors screened, agitation speed, cholesterol and yeast extract concentrations had the most significant positive effects on the production of cholesterol oxidase. The optimal levels of these variables and the effects of their mutual interactions on cholesterol oxidase production were determined using Box-Behnken design. Cholesterol oxidase production by Streptomyces anulatus strain NEAE-94 was 11.03, 27.31 U/mL after Plackett-Burman Design and Box-Behnken design; respectively, with a fold of increase of 6.06 times compared to the production before applying the Plackett-Burman design (4.51 U/mL). Conclusions: Maximum cholesterol oxidase activity is obtained at the following fermentation conditions: g/L (cholesterol 4, yeast extract 5, NaCl 0.5, K 2 HPO 4 1, FeSO 4 .7H 2 O 0.01, MgSO 4 .7H 2 O 0.5), pH 7, inoculum size 4 % (v/v), temperature 37°C, agitation speed 150 rpm, medium volume 50 mL and incubation time 5 days.
Identification of Molecular Markers Associated With Ovarian Cancer Prognosis Using Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Chuang Li , Lyu Yuan , Liu Caixia
Published: February 2020

Background Ovarian cancer is associated with a high mortality rate worldwide. However, the pathogenesis, clinicopathological features, and genetic mechanisms of ovarian cancer are still unclear, and it is essential to identify prognostic markers for its clinical diagnosis and treatment. Here, we utilized bioinformatic analysis to identify potential genes involved in mediating BRCA1 expression to elucidate the potential mechanisms underlying ovarian cancer. Methods Gene expression profiling (GSE14407) was performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and analyze the weighted gene co-expression network. We selected the key module that was significantly associated with BRCA1 expression and performed gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses for genes in the hub module. We then screened the hub genes utilizing the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes Database (STRING) and Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) plug-in in Cytoscape. We validated gene expression levels through The Cancer Genome Atlas and GTEx databases for hub genes and screened genes that were related to overall survival in patients with ovarian cancer using the Kaplan-Meier plotter database. Results In total, 3124 DEGs were detected, including 433 upregulated genes and 2691 downregulated genes. We selected the brown module, which was the most significantly associated with BRCA1 expression. GO analysis showed that the hub module genes were significantly enriched in biological processes, including the mitotic cell cycle process, chromosome segregation, and cell division. KEGG analysis showed that the hub module genes were particularly enriched in the cell cycle, p53 signaling pathway, and small cell lung cancer. We selected 30 hub genes from the protein-protein interaction network, which had 88 nodes and 721 edges. Further analyses identified PBK as a prognosis-associated hub gene. Notably, PBK expression was significantly increased in ovarian cancer tissues, as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry analysis using samples from the Human Protein Atlas database.Conclusion PBK was found to be associated with overall survival in patients with ovarian cancer. Our results provide insights into our understanding of the molecular mechanisms and molecular diagnosis of ovarian cancer.
The Effect of Male Circumcision on Risky Sexual Behaviours of Men in Rwanda: A Comparative Analysis of RDHS 2005 and 2014/15
Authors: Nambawarr Chantine Pegha , Ntaganira Joseph
Published: February 2020

Background Rapid up-take of voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) in countries like Rwanda that implemented it as a national HIV prevention strategy since 2008, raised a public health concern of risk compensation. Risk compensation may occur if circumcised men increase their risky sexual behaviours (RSB) because of the awareness of circumcision’s 60% protection from heterosexual HIV/STIs transmission. The aim of this study was to assess the difference in RSBs among adolescent and adult circumcised men before and after the VMMC program implementation in Rwanda Methods Data of 11,037 men aged 15-59 years from Rwanda DHS 2005 and 2014/15 were analyzed using STATA version 13.0. We estimated the prevalence of ever paid sex , extramarital sex , more than 3 total lifetime sex partners, condom use at paid sex, first sex below age 15 and most recent sex partner being casual/commercial; among circumcised and uncircumcised men and compared between surveys. Association of these behaviours with circumcision status were also determined using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis in separate and in combined datasets. Results Men who reported being circumcised almost tripled from 11%(532) in 2005 to 29%(1821) in 2014/15. In all men, RSB prevalence was lower in 2014/15 than in 2005. Circumcised men were generally more likely to engage in RSB in both surveys than uncircumcised men but less likely in 2014/15 compared to 2005. Multivariate models revealed no association of circumcision with sex below 15 years in 2005 (AOR 0.89; CI: 0.65-1.19; P>0.05) and 63% protection in 2014/15 (AOR 0.63; CI: 0.51-0.76; P<0.01). In all men, while there were too few responses to determine a true difference in non-condom use , other RSB were significantly less likely whereas paid sex was significantly more likely in 2014/15 due to an increase among the uncircumcised (AOR 1.29; CI: 1.03-1.61). Conclusion The findings did not support risk compensation. However, more responses on condom use are needed to check its disinhibition among circumcised men. Ongoing VMMC campaigns should re-inforce pre-counseling to young men 15-24 in the provinces out of Kigali to delay sexual debut even after circumcision.
Higher activity of monodehydroascorbate reductase and lower activities of leaf and spike vacuolar invertase and glutathione S-transferase reveals higher number of grains per spike in spring wheat genotypes grown under well-watered and drought conditions
Authors: Shokat sajid , Großkinsky Dominik K. , Roitsch Thomas , Liu Fulai
Published: February 2020

Background: To improve our understanding about the physiological mechanism of grain yield reduction at anthesis, three spring wheat genotypes (L1, L2 and L3) having contrasting yield potential under drought in field were investigated under controlled greenhouse conditions., drought stress was imposed at anthesis stage by withholding irrigation until all plant available water was depleted, while well-watered control plants were kept at 95% pot water holding capacity. Results: Compared to genotype L1 and L2, pronounced decrease in grain number (NGS), grain yield (GY) and harvest index (HI) were found in genotype L3, mainly due to its greater kernel abortion (KA) under drought. A significant positive correlation of leaf monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) with both NGS and HI was observed. In contrast, significant negative correlations of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and vacuolar invertase (vacInv) both within source and sink with NGS and HI were found. Likewise, a significant negative correlation of leaf abscisic acid (ABA) with NGS was noticed. Moreover, leaf aldolase and cell wall peroxidase (cwPOX) activities were significantly and positively associated with TKW. Conclusion: Collectively, distinct physiological markers were correlating with yield traits and higher activity of leaf aldolase and cwPOX may be chosen as predictive bio-markers for higher TKW. Also, higher activity of MDHAR within the leaf can be selected as a predictive bio-marker for higher NGS in wheat under drought. Whereas, lower activity of vacInv and GST both within leaf and spike can be selected as bio-markers for higher NGS and HI. The results highlighted the role of antioxidant and carbohydrate-metabolic enzymes in the modulation of source-sink balance in wheat crops, which could be used as bio-signatures for breeding and selection of drought-resilient wheat genotypes for a future drier climate.
A Retrospective Analysis: Development and Validation of a Nomogram Model for Predicating 30-day Mortality in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients
Authors: Wang Bin , Wang MaoFeng , Ying ManZhen , Liu Chengjiang
Published: February 2020

Objective: To develop and validate a personalized nomogram model to predict 30-day mortality in patients with ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI).Methods: A total of 1144 STEMI patients admitted to Dongyang People’s Hospital from June 2013 to October 2019 were enrolled in the study and divided into two groups: Model group (n=801) and validation group (n=343). The biomarkers (maximum) in 24 hours after admission and the basic information of the patients were taken as variables, including creatinine, pro B-type natriuretic peptide (proBNP) and troponin T, as well as age, gender, etc. Logistic stepwise regression was employed to screen out independent risk factors that may led to death in patients with acute STEMI. A nomogram predication model was established with the screened independent risk factors as variables. Area underReceiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve and GiViTI calibration chart were adopted to estimate the classification accuracy and calibrate the predication model, respectively, and decline curve analysis (DCA) to assess the clinical efficiency of the model.Results: Logistic stepwise regression revealed that proBNP, creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), age, creatinine, lactic acid and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) surgery or not were independent risk factors that decided whether a STEMI patient would die. After the establishment of the model, area under ROC curve was 0.897 and 0.859 in model group and validation group, respectively, suggesting that the new model was a good classifier. P value of GiViTI calibration test was 0.834 and 0.262, respectively. P>0.05 in GiViTI calibration indicated a high goodness of fit between the predication ratio of the model and the actual ratio, showing that the calibration of predications models in model group and validation group was complete. DCA curves in model group and validation group were both above two extreme curves, which suggested a good clinical significance.Conclusion: The personalized model for predicating 30-day mortality in patients with STEMI will help screen out those STEMI patients who may die in a short term.
Antimicrobial Sensitivity pattern of Bacteria Causing Urinary Tract Infection among Diabetic Patients
Authors: Thapa Pratima , Sunar Anita , Lamichanne Dipendra , K.C Apeksha , Dhungana Arjan , Paudel Rajan , Jaiswal Suresh , Tiwari Bishnu Raj
Published: February 2020

Urinary tract infection is the presence and active multiplication of microorganism within the urinary tract. UTIs are group of infections that affects any part of urinary tract. The cross sectional descriptive study was conducted to determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of bacteria causing urinary tract infection in diabetic and non-diabetic patient from February 2016 to March 2016. Among the total 601 urine sample, 250 were diabetics and 351 were non diabetics. All samples were investigated by standard laboratory procedures. Out of diabetic patient 111(44.4%) were female and 139(55.6%) were male and among non-diabetic, 234(66.7%) were female and 117(33.3%) were male. The UTI prevalence rate was found to be 78 (13%) was statistically significant (p = 0.02), among the significant growth 6.8% diabetic and 6.2% non-diabetic. Escherichia coli (54) was the most predominant organism (42.5% in diabetic and 57.5% non-diabetic) followed by Staphylococcus aureus (8). Amikacin, Cotrimoxazole and Nitrofurantoin were most sensitive to E. coli isolated in diabetic and non-diabetic patients among the tested antimicrobials. High rate of resistance was observed with Norfloxacin and Nalidixic acid. Gentamicin, Cefotaxime, Cotrimoxazole and Ciprofloxacin were highly sensitive to S. aureus in diabetic patients while Oxacillin and Azithromycin were resistance and in non-diabetic patient highly sensitive antimicrobials were Azithromycin, Gentamicin, Cefotaxime, Cotrimoxazole, Vancomycin and Ofloxacin while Oxacillin was resistance. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacterial isolates should be performed before the treatment of UTI. Key words : Diabetic, Urinary tract infection, Antimicrobial sensitivity.
Progression free survival and overall survival of CDK 4/6 inhibitors plus endocrine therapy in metastatic breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Piezzo Michela , Chiodini Paolo , Riemma Maria , Cocco Stefania , Caputo Roberta , Cianniello Daniela , Gioia Germira Di , Lauro Vincenzo Di , Rella Francesca Di , Fusco Giuseppina , Iodice Giovanni , Nuzzo Francesco , Pacilio Carmen , Pensabene Matilde , De Laurentiis Michelino
Published: February 2020

PURPOSE: The introduction of CDK4/6 inhibitors plus endocrine therapy (ET) represents the most relevant advance in the management of HR-positive/HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer. We carried out a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with the aims of better characterising the efficacy of CDK4/6 inhibitors in some relevant subgroups and of testing heterogeneity between different compounds with particular focus on their ability to improve OS. METHODS: We performed a systematic literature search to identify phase II/III RCTs of CDK4/6 inhibitors plus ET in AI-sensitive and AI-resistant patients. Pooled estimates of HRs were computed for PFS, OS and ORR analysis, by using both a fixed and random effect model. Predefined subgroup analyses were performed to better understand treatment effect concerning specific patients’ characteristics. Pooled survival curves were generated by pooling the data of all trials. RESULTS: 8 RCTs were included. Adding a CDK4/6 inhibitors to ET is beneficial in terms of PFS irrespective of the presence or not of visceral metastases, the number of metastatic sites, and the length of the TFI. The addition of CDK4/6 inhibitors significantly improves OS in AI-sensitive (HR 0.75, 95%CI [0.63-0.89]) and AI-resistant patients (HR 0.77, 95%CI [0.67-0.89]). Pooled data from each single drug show that Palbociclib remains the only class member not showing a statistically significant HR for OS (HR 0.83, 95% CI [0.68-1.02]). CONCLUSION: Our meta-analysis confirms the efficacy of CDK4/6 inhibitors overall and in major patients subgroups, supporting the use of CDK4/6 inhibitors plus ET as standard treatment for most HR+ MBC patients.
A multi-level analysis of the association between built environmental factors and childhood overweight in the city of Hannover, Germany
Authors: Zhou Yusheng , Buck Christoph , Maier Werner , Lengerke Thomas von , Walter Ulla , Dreier Maren
Published: February 2020

Introduction In recent years, built environmental characteristics have been linked to childhood overweight, but the results remain inconsistent across studies. The present study examines associations between several built environmental features and body weight status (BMI) among a large sample of preschool children in the city of Hannover, Germany.Methods Walkability (index), green space availability and playground availability related to preschool children’s home environments was measured using the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and data from OpenstreetMap (OSM). These built environment characteristics were linked to the data from the 2010-2014 school entry examinations in the Hannover city (n = 22,678), and analysed using multi-level linear regression models to examine associations between the built environment features and the BMI percentiles of these children (4-8 years old). Several socio-demographic factors were included in the analysis, including migration background, family structure and parental educational level. Results No significant associations of built environmental factors on children’s BMI were detected, but the effect between green space availability and BMI was modified by the parental educational level. In children with lower compared to higher educated parents, a higher spatial availability of greenspace was significantly associated with reduced body weight. Conclusion The finding of no overall association between the built environment and body weight could be due to misclassification in the presence of suboptimal variable reliability. However, the environmental effects may also be restricted to the less privileged children, which may indicate that built environmental features might have the potential to reduce health inequalities. Future research should continue to monitor the disparities in diverse built environment features and how these are related to children’s health.
Evaluating the Efficacy of Edible Coatings Incorporated with Moringa Leaf Extract on Postharvest of ‘Maluma’ Avocado Fruit Quality and Its Biofungicidal Effect
Authors: Kubheka Sanele Fana , Tesfay Samson Zeray , Mditshwa Asanda , Magwaza Lembe Samukelo
Published: February 2020

This study investigated the efficacy of edible gum arabic (GA) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) containing moringa (M) leaf extract as postharvest treatments for maintaining organoleptic quality and controlling Colletotrichum gloeosporioides on ‘Maluma’ avocado fruit. For the quality study, after the fruit was dipped into the treatments: GA 10%, GA 15%, GA 10% + M, GA 15% + M, and CMC 1% + M and uncoated fruit served as control, the fruit were then stored at 5.5 °C [95% relative humidity (RH)] for 21 days, and moved to ambient conditions at 21 ± 1 °C (60% RH) for 7 days to simulate retail condition. Quality parameters that were evaluated include mass loss, firmness, and color changes (L*, a*, b*, respectively), and sensory quality attributes, such as taste, color, mouthfeel, odor, and overall acceptability. Fruit quality study results showed fruit coated with GA 15% + M and CMC 1% + M had lower mass loss (3.66%), retained firmness (62.37 N), and color changes [L* (30.85), a* (−2.33) and b* (7.14)] compared with other treatments. In this biofungicidal study on antimicrobial properties of extracts, treatments against fungi strains using an in vitro test were investigated, which showed treatments of moringa leaf extract, GA 10% + M, and GA 15% + M suppressed radial mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioides by 30%, 28%, and 33%, respectively. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that GA 15% + M and CMC 1% + M retained fruit firmness and lowered weight loss and suppressed mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioides on ‘Maluma’ avocado fruit. These edible coatings could therefore be an alternative organic postharvest coating treatment and could potentially be commercialized as a new organic biofungicide for the avocado fruit industry.
Physiological and Nutritional Responses of ‘HB’ Pummelo [Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck ‘Hirado Buntan’] to the Combined Effects of Low pH Levels and Boron Deficiency
Authors: Zhou Gaofeng , Li Bixian , Chen Jianmei , Yao Fengxian , Guan Guan , Liu Guidong , Wei Qingjiang
Published: February 2020

Soil acidification and boron (B) starvation are two dominant abiotic stress factors impacting citrus production in the red soil region of southern China. To evaluate the combined effects of low pH and B deficiency on plant growth, gas exchange parameters, and the concentrations of B and other mineral nutrients, ‘HB’ pummelo seedlings were treated under B deficiency (0 μM H3BO3) or adequate B (23 μM H3BO3) conditions at various low pH levels (4.0, 5.0, and 6.0). The seedlings were grown with modified half-strength Hoagland’s solution under greenhouse conditions for 12 weeks. Plant biomass, leaf area, seedling height, and root traits were remarkably inhibited by low pH and B deficiency stresses, and these parameters were extremely reduced with the decrease in pH levels. After 12 weeks of treatment, typical stress symptoms associated with B deficiency in citrus leaf were observed, with more severe symptoms observed at pH 4.0 and 5.0 than at pH 6.0. Leaf gas exchange parameter measurements showed that leaf photosynthesis was significantly inhibited under both low pH and B-deficient conditions. Notably, the lower the pH level, the greater the inhibition under both normal and deficient B conditions. Further investigations of the mineral nutrient concentrations showed that under both low pH and B deficiency, the concentrations of B and other mineral nutrients were influenced remarkably, particularly at pH 4.0 and 5.0. The physiological and nutritional results of the ‘HB’ pummelo seedlings indicated that low pH can exacerbate the effects of B deficiency to a certain extent.
Motivating self and others through a whole-school storytelling project: Authentic language & literacy development
Authors: Waddington Julie
Published: February 2020

This study reports on a whole-school project carried out with preschool and primary children, taking a whole-language approach to literacy development, through a storytelling methodology which uses authentic picturebooks and peer modelling. This article presents the results of an exploratory mixed methods study conducted over a three-year period with the older (10-12-year-old) participants in the project (N=27). Within an action research framework, data was collected from field notes of classroom observations, video recorded sessions, questionnaires and interviews with students and teachers. The study aims to assess the motivational effect of the storytelling project on learners, identify the learning outcomes generated and identify strategies that were particularly effective in generating such outcomes. Through a process-oriented approach, the findings verify the motivational effect of the storytelling project. These findings also help bridge the gap between theory and practice in motivational research and contribute to the growing body of literature on the use of authentic picturebooks in the L2 classroom and the potential benefits of peer modelling.
The use of previously known languages and target language (English) during task-based interaction: A pseudolongitudinal study of primary-school CLIL learners
Authors: Martínez-Adrián María
Published: February 2020

(Pseudo)longitudinal studies of the use of previously known languages (PKL) and the target language (TL) during interaction are still scarce in Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) contexts, particularly those with young learners. This paper examines the use of PKLs (Basque-Spanish) and the TL English in various categories (appeals for assistance- clarification requests-metacomments-discourse markers-private speech) in two groups of CLIL learners (grade 5 and 6) during dyadic interaction. A greater use of PKLs in older learners was found, especially in less cooperative and more external to the task strategies. As regards TL use, both groups performed similarly, except for metacomments, where younger learners made a slightly higher use. When comparing PKLs to TL use, both grade learners resorted to Basque-Spanish more frequently than to English, except for metacomments. Learners seem to use their language repertoire for task-management purposes. Nonetheless, they still resort to PKLs to keep the flow of speech.
Modelling water yield with the InVEST model in a data scarce region of northwest China
Authors: Yang Xu , Chen Ruishan , Meadows Michael E. , Ji Guangxing , Xu Jianhua
Published: February 2020

The Bosten Lake basin is an important arid region of northwest China, and has exhibited a declining trend in both lake area and level of water during recent decades. Reliable information on water yield, an important attribute of available water resources in a region, is vital to assess the potential for socio-economic development. The Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) model is applied here to simulate water yield in the Bosten Lake basin. The spatial and temporal dynamics of water yield, and the response of water yield to land use and precipitation change, are analysed for the period 1985 to 2015. The results show that, overall, water yield increased during 1985–2015, and that the magnitude of change was greater in the eastern part of the region. The water yield capacity, positively correlated with precipitation, is highest under grassland vegetation and lowest in cultivated and unused land. The paper demonstrates that statistical downscaling and climate reanalysis data can be used in the InVEST model to improve the accuracy of simulated water yield in data scarce regions.
PRZESTĘPSTWO ZNIEWAŻENIA MIEJSCA PAMIĘCI ORAZ KRADZIEŻY DOBRA O SZCZEGÓLNYM ZNACZENIU DLA KULTURY. UWAGI NA TLE WYROKU SĄDU REJONOWEGO W OŚWIĘCIMIU Z 17 STYCZNIA 2018 R. ORAZ SĄDU OKRĘGOWEGO W KRAKOWIE Z 27 GRUDNIA 2017 R.
Authors: Kluza Jan
Published: February 2020

Problematyka poruszona w artykule dotyczy realizacji znamion dwóch typów czynów zabronionych, znieważenia miejsca pamięci oraz kradzieży dobra o szczególnym znaczeniu dla kultury, w stosunku do realizacji znamion tych czynów względem Niemieckiego Nazistowskiego Obozu Koncentracyjnego i Zagłady Auschwitz-Birkenau. Punktem wyjścia rozważań były stany faktyczne, w oparciu o które zapadły omówione w artykule orzeczenia. Trzeba jednak mieć na względzie, że przy ustalaniu realizacji znamion czynu zabronionego, który został przez ustawodawcę określony w sposób abstrakcyjny, okoliczność, że do realizacji znamion czynu doszło na obszarze obozu koncentracyjnego w Oświęcimiu, należy brać pod uwagę z dużym stopniem ostrożności.
PRZESTĘPSTWO HANDLU LUDŹMI W ROSJI – ASPEKTY PRAWNE
Authors: Laskowska Katarzyna
Published: February 2020

Opracowanie zawiera omówienie prawnej regulacji przestępstwa handlu ludźmi w Federacji Rosyjskiej. Zwrócono w nim uwagę na fakt niedługiego okresu obowiązywania przepisu dotyczącego tego czynu w rosyjskim kodeksie karnym z 1996 r., jak również na gwarancje ochrony człowieka przed nim występujące w rosyjskiej konstytucji z 1993 r. Zagadnienie zostało omówione według ustawowych znamion przestępstwa. Wiele uwagi poświęcono analizie rozbudowanej strony przedmiotowej, występującej w typie podstawowym, kwalifikowanym i szczególnie kwalifikowanym. W rozważaniach podkreślono widoczną kazuistykę przyjętego rozwiązania i zagrożenie przestępstwa surowymi sankcjami. Wskazano na niektóre odrębności w stosunku do polskiej regulacji.
Prawnokarna ocena dawstwa zarodka ludzkiego w ramach macierzyństwa zastępczego
Authors: Gądzik Zuzanna Barbara
Published: February 2020

Artykuł odnosi się do kwestii odpowiedzialności karnej za zachowania związane z dawstwem zarodka, które mogą mieć miejsce w ramach realizacji umów o macierzyństwo zastępcze. W tym celu przeanalizowano przede wszystkim znamiona czynów zabronionych stypizowanych w przepisach ustawy z 25 czerwca 2015 r. o leczeniu niepłodności (tekst jedn.: Dz.U. z 2017 r., poz. 865) – to jest: zbywania lub nabywania zarodka w celu uzyskania korzyści majątkowej lub osobistej, rozpowszechniania ogłoszeń o odpłatnym zbyciu lub nabyciu zarodka oraz postępowania z zarodkami w sposób niezgodny z przepisami powyżej ustawy. Tekst zawiera ponadto odniesienia do wyjaśnienia zjawiska macierzyństwa zastępczego oraz jego statusu w prawie polskim.
Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Oral Drug Delivery: A Review
Authors: Gautam Manish , Verma Madhu , Chauhan Iti , Yasir Mohd. , Singh Alok Pratap , Saraswat Pawan Kumar
Published: February 2020

Background:

The high molecular weight and increasing lipophilicity of drug
face many problems starting from the drug development to formulation and conduction of
pharmacological, toxicological and pharmacokinetic studies to its biological application.
To overcome this problem, nano-sized formulations are in trend recently. The use of Solid
lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) offers new insight into the formulation of the poor soluble and
low bioavailable drug.

Objective:

The study aimed to investigate the literature concerning the development of
SLNs for oral drug delivery of poorly soluble drugs, with a view survey the various methods
of manufacturing and evaluation of formulation of SLNs and future prospects of SLNs
and application of SLNs in oral delivery systems.

Conclusion:

Oral drug delivery is looking ahead progressively into newer directions due
to the realization of various poor performance limiting factors such as reduced drug solubility
or absorption, rapid metabolism, high actuation in plasma level of drug and variability
caused due to food effect. These play a vital role in disappointing in vivo results, which
leads in the failure of the conventional delivery system. Since the last decade, oral drug
delivery has taken a new dimension with the increasing application of SLNs as a carrier
for the delivery of poorly water-soluble or lipophilic drugs. The site-specific and sustained
release effect of the drug is better achieved by using SLNs. This review highlights the various
pros and cons, manufacturing techniques, characterization, and future prospects of
SLNs in oral drug delivery systems.
Study on sub-terahertz-band wireless system with fiber-optic speed
Authors: Fujishima Minoru
Published: February 2020

In the age of connectivity in which we live the ability to access information and data is expected. The Internet revolutionised nearly every aspect of our lives. Everything from travel, to shopping, staying informed, connected to loved ones and even finding new love, has all been uploaded
and is performed online. The ingenious innovations behind these programs, apps and devices that keep us in constant contact, the smartphones and tablets, would never have been possible without first a network infrastructure for them to tap into. Communications networks allow anyone with the
right device to connect to the invisible mass of data criss-crossing the planet. With the advent of 5G this network is set to get a massive upgrade which means faster transmission and reception of our online activities. This advance demonstrates the near constant improvement of communications
networks since their advent. However, we are headed for a fork in the road where certain limitations will force us to choose whether the future is wired or wireless. Professor Minoru Fujishima, an expert in semiconductor electronics, is investigating the terahertz communication technology
using silicon integrated circuit technology that supports mass production.
Controlling microstructure
Authors: Kunimine Takahiro
Published: February 2020

Most conventional materials have a microstructure comprised of minute, usually coarse, grains. One branch of materials science targets this microstructure as a means to manipulating the mechanical properties of materials to offer greater strength and hardness. Dr Takahiro Kunimine,
an Assistant Professor from the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering at Kanazawa University, has recently completed a project focused on using severe plastic deformation (SPD) to develop nanostructured materials with high strength. His current project has been focusing on processing functionally
graded materials with high hardness and toughness by additive manufacturing. These works, supported by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI grant, led to the development of much stronger materials.
Development of photosensitive phosphonic acid derivatives for the fabrication of organic thin film transistors
Authors: Yamaguchi Kazuo
Published: February 2020

New materials, particularly those that are environmentally friendly, are much sought after. These can be created by manipulating existing materials. For example, the surface of materials can be changed with surface control technology using self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). This can
be done to create materials that can be used in a variety of applications, such as in electronics, as biosensors and for wettability control. Professor Kazuo Yamaguchi, based at the Department of Chemistry, Kanagawa University, Japan, has extensive experience in this field and is working with
a team of researchers to shed light on this area. His research focuses on topics such as the synthesis of photosensitive molecules and polymers, and their application as materials in electronics and biological sciences.
ANALISIS DETERMINAN PEMANFAATAN EDMODO DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN UNIFIED THEORY OF ACCEPTANCE AND USE OF TECHNOLOGY (UTAUT)
Authors: Nuari Ervie Sabrina , Nurkhin Ahmad , Kardoyo Kardoyo
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pemanfaatan Edmodo dengan menggunakan model Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas XII SMK Negeri 2 Semarang program keahlian akuntansi, administrasi perkantoran, dan pemasaran sebanyak 319 orang. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 178 siswa. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan proportionate random sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang dikembangkan dari model UTAUT. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dan analisis jalur dengan bantuan software program IBM SPSS 21.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan performance expectancy dan facilitating condition memiliki pengaruh langsung dan tidak langsung terhadap use behavior melalui behavioral intention. Hasil lainnya menunjukkan bahwa social influence tidak berpengaruh secara langsung terhadap use behavior dan behavioral intention tetapi memiliki pengaruh tidak langsung terhadap use behavior melalui behavioral intention. Effort expectancy tidak memiliki pengaruh langsung terhadap behavioral intention dan tidak memiliki pengaruh tidak langsung terhadap use behavior melalui behavioral intention. Namun demikian effort expectancy terbukti memiliki pengaruh langsung terhadap use behavior. Terakhir, behavioral intention terbukti berpengaruh signifikan terhadap use behavior.Kata Kunci: Edmodo, UTAUT, use behavior, behavioral intention
Новые правила составления заявок на изобретения
Authors: Соколов Д.Ю.
Published: February 2020

В статье рассмотрены изменения в правилах по составлению заявок на изобретения, отмечено, что упростило, а что усложнило эти работы, а также показано, как решать новые проблемы.
Подробно рассмотрены наиболее важные положения Правил, касающиеся составления заявок на изобретения. По каждому положению приведены разъяснения и даны советы по наилучшему заполнению этих разделов. Особое внимание уделено разъяснению сущности раздела "Раскрытие сущности изобретения", "Осуществление изобретения" и "Требования к формуле изобретения".
Тонкопленочные магниторезистивные микросистемы с высокой крутизной преобразования
Authors: Амеличев В.В.
Published: February 2020

Представлены результаты разработки тонкопленочных магниторезистивных микросистем с четной и нечетной передаточной характеристикой. Показаны перспективы создания высокочувствительных микросистем преобразования магнитного поля и энергонезависимой памяти с произвольной выборкой на основе спин-туннельного магниторезистивного эффекта.
Mujeres que marcan precedentes en Ingeniería. Su experiencia en la carrera académica en una universidad de investigación en Chile
Authors: Paredes-Walker Victoria
Published: February 2020

Estudio de caso desarrollado en la Escuela de Ingeniería de una universidad de investigación en Chile, que buscó comprender la experiencia de académicas de jornada completa en un contexto de creciente participación institucional, mediante entrevistas a académicas y directivos. A pesar de haber sobrepasado estereotipos que identifican ciencia y éxito profesional con lo masculino, experimentan otros que asocian a la mujer con el cuidado familiar. Se evidencia la importancia de redes de apoyo entre pares y la existencia de iniciativas institucionales aún con aspectos por mejorar. Así, la experiencia de estas académicas va marcando precedentes, siendo también un ejemplo para otras instituciones.
Nigella sativa seed extract protects against cadmium-induced cardiotoxicity in rats
Authors: Uchendu Ikenna Kingsley , Nnedu Ebuka Bitrus , Ekeigwe Ifeoma Blessing
Published: February 2020

Objective:  The aim of this study is to investigate the protective effects of methanolic extract of Nigella sativa (MENS) (Black seed) against cardiotoxicity of cadmium in albino rats.

 Methods: Twenty five (25) male albino rats, weighing (150-170g), were randomly grouped into five groups: A-E. Group B (Negative Control) received intraperitoneal administration of cadmium chloride (CdCl2, 5mg/kg) only, group C received CdCl2 and low dose MENS (300mg/kg, oral), group D received CdCl2 and high dose MENS (600mg/kg, oral), group E (Positive control) received CdCl2 and Vitamin C (200mg/kg, oral), for 7 days. No treatment was administered to group A (Normal control). Cardiac injury was assessed by measuring serum levels of Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and Creatine kinase (CK-MB) using standard methods. The heart was harvested for histopathological examination.

Results: CdCl2 induced significant cardiotoxicity with marked elevation in the levels of biochemical markers of cardiac functions (p<0.05 or p<0.01); these were however attenuated by MENS. Histopathological examination of the heart sections supported the biochemical findings.

Conclusion: Nigella sativa seed extract is potentially cardioprotective against harmful chemical toxins such as cadmium.

Keywords: Cadmium, CdCl2, Nigella sativa, Medicinal food, cardiotoxicity
Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Flavonoids Extracted from Pistacia lentiscus L., Leaves
Authors: Bakli Sabrina , Daoud Harzallah , Amina Zerroug , Nouari Sadrati , Asma Bouguerra , Soufiane Gaamoune , Oumaima Naili
Published: February 2020

Increasingly, the flavonoids becoming the subject of biomedical researches, and many groups have isolated and identified the structures of flavonoids possessing important biological activities. This assess investigates the antimicrobial fight and the antioxidant strengths of flavonoids extracted from Pistacia lentiscus L. leaves.  The extract was first analyzed for its phenolic content, then the flavonoids were tested for their antimicrobial capacities by the method of diffusion against fourteen bacteria, two fungi and one yeast. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of flavonoids were determined using the dilution method on solid medium, however, the antioxidant activity was evaluated through the ability of the extract to scavenge DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radicals and the reducing power essay. The results indicate that flavonoids extract contain other phenolics groups. On the other side, the Antibacterial tests exhibited different activities depending on the strains. Unlike, the MIC and the MBC showed that the flavonoids extract showed a best activity against Candida albicans and Vibrio cholerae. Concerning antioxidant activity, the results indicate a moderate capacity of the flavonoid extract. These preliminary results may justify the use of this plant in the treatment of some diseases and may be exploited for therapeutic purposes.

Keywords: Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Pistacia lentiscus, flavonoids, MIC, MBC.
Bradford assay as a high-throughput bioanalytical screening method for conforming pathophysiological state of the animal
Authors: Mehata Abhishesh Kumar , Dehari Deepa
Published: February 2020

Proteins are the essential components of the tissues that play a key role in the body. Its expression in the cell or tissue under a specified set of conditions and at a particular time regulates the different body conditions either as a normal body function or as a disease state. Protein is an important building block of muscles, skin, cartilage, bones and blood. Bradford assay is a reliable advanced and cost-effective protein estimation test for determining the exact concentration of protein in different tissues of the animal. In this study, we have taken a rat suffering from protein deficiency disorder and total protein concentration in the heart, brain, liver, blood and kidney was determined. It was found that the total protein concentration in different tissues of rat i.e., heart, brain, liver, plasma and kidney was found to be 8.39 ± 0.75, 10.46 ± 0.76, 6.74 ± 0.39, 8.12 ± 0.32 mg/g of tissue and 61.27 ± 0.95 mg/mL of plasma respectively (mean ± SEM). As compared to earlier published reports the total protein concentration in different tissues like hear, brain, liver and kidney found much lower to standard value as reported by Beyer, the reason behind obtaining this kind of results may be due to the presence of insufficient amount of the protein content in different tissue of animal as suffering from protein degeneration disorder. The rat was unable to digest and store the protein or catabolism was much faster than

anabolism.

Keywords: Anabolism, Bradford assay, Catabolism, Protein estimation.
The Phytochemical and Comparative Anticancer Study of Methanolic and Chloroform Extracts of Psidium guajava L. Leaves of Pakistani Origin
Authors: Abbas Muhammad , Ansari Muhammad Tayyab , Hassan Saeed Ul , Alvi Muhammad Nadeem , Abbas Musharraf
Published: February 2020

The chief focus of our study is to evaluate the phytochemical and anti-cancer activity of methanol (PGM) and chloroform extracts (PGC) of the leaves of Psidium guajava (guava) collected from local area of district Sialkot, Pakistan. Shade dried milled leaves was subjected to extraction (maceration) with methanol and chloroform. Quantitative and qualitative screenings by GC-MS and phytochemical techniques were performed. Then different secondary metabolites and phytochemical compounds were identified which are typically associated with the existence of therapeutic characteristics. Psidium guajava has been extensively used as herbal remedies like, anti-diarrheal, antihypertensive, antibacterial, antifungal as well as to control obesity, ulcer, diabetes. In this study, both extracts of P. guajava were evaluated for their anticancer activities against HeLa cell-lines (cancerous cells). The healthiest anticancer response in the form of cell-line suppression was perceived with 200µg/mL of both extracts, PGM showed 81% and PGC exhibited 91% while the standard drug doxorubicin presented around 76% inhibition. The comparative better result was seen with chloroform extract than methanolic abstract. In conclusion, the chloroform and methanol extracts of our nominated plant from Pakistan origin has a good source of phytochemicals that revealed an outstanding anti-cancer potential.

Keywords: Psidium guajava, anticancer, phytochemicals, methanol extracts, secondary metabolites.
KVIK, kvikkere, kompetent
Authors: Carlsen Anne-Marie Fiala
Published: February 2020

Om at understøtte og udvikle forskernes videnskabelige informationskompetencer
(ANTI)RETÓRICA EM GONÇALVES DE MAGALHÃES
Authors: Chauvin Jean Pierre
Published: February 2020

O texto com que Gonçalves de Magalhães (1811–1882) apresenta Suspiros Poéticos e Saudades pretendia sintetizar premissas e valores da escola romântica. No entanto, embora o poeta se recusasse a seguir modelos da Antiguidade greco-latina e defendesse a honestidade com que compusera seus versos, tanto o “Prólogo” quanto os poemas do volume propiciam interpretação em chave inversa.
Palavras-Chave: Romantismo. Retórica. Gonçalves de Magalhães.
CIÚME, EXÍLIO E POESIA EM MACHADO DE ASSIS
Authors: Santos Rogério Fernandes
Published: February 2020

Segundo Silviano Santiago, a obra romanesca de Machado de Assis, em sua série cronológica, possui “certas estruturas primárias e primeiras [que] se desarticulam e se rearticulam sob a forma de estruturas diferentes, mais complexas e sofisticadas”. O estudo do ciúme enquanto expressão patriarcal na cultura brasileira é uma dessas estruturas que o crítico estudou para compreender o romance machadiano. O presente artigo busca levar adiante as formulações de Santiago, inserindo no debate questões como exílio, ciúme e espaço social como parte do repertório estrutural do romance machadiano. Para tanto, analisa episódios em que esses temas estão presentes em Helena (1876), A mão e a luva (1874) e, sobretudo, Dom Casmurro (1899).
Palavras-chave: Machado de Assis. Romance Brasileiro. Espaços Sociais. Literatura Comparada. Literatura Brasileira.
A Teologia da Prosperidade e as representações acerca do Diabo no neopentecostalismo da Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus: uma conexão necessária
Authors: (UERJ) Marcello Felipe Duarte
Published: February 2020

Esse artigo tem o objetivo de realizar um estudo sobre a relação existente entre a Teologia da Prosperidade baseada, principalmente, na perspectiva teológica denominada economia sacrificial, e as práticas e representações acerca do diabo produzidas pela Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus. Tal relação é fundamental para explicar a construção da identidade neopentecostal iurdiana por meio da demonização das religiões de matriz afro-brasileira. A guerra espiritual contra as forças do mal promovida pela IURD se traduz em uma clara dicotomia entre o Reino de Deus, no qual se pode usufruir de suas bênçãos, e o Reino das Trevas, caracterizado pela ação do diabo na vida das pessoas que, por estarem distantes da vontade divina, sofrem toda sorte de maldições, como doenças e a miséria.