bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Melting Effect on Unsteady Hydromagnetic Flow of a Nanofluid Past a Stretching Sheet
Authors: Chamkha Ali J. , Rashad A.M. , Al-Meshaiei Eisa
Published: December 2011

This paper considers unsteady, laminar, boundary-layer flow with heat and mass transfer of a nanofluid along a horizontal stretching plate in the presence of a transverse magnetic field, melting and heat generation or absorption effects. The model used for the nanofluid incorporates the effects of Brownian motion and thermophoresis. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into a set of non-similar equations and solved numerically by an efficient implicit, iterative, finite-difference method. A parametric study illustrating the influence of various physical parameters is performed. Numerical results for the steady-state velocity, temperature and nanoparticles volume fraction profiles as well as the time histories of the skin-friction coefficient, Nusselt number and the Sherwood number are presented graphically and discussed.
Performance Analysis of Immobilized Enzyme Semifluidised Bed Bioreactors
Authors: Narayanan C.M. , Banik Maneka , Halder Sayani
Published: December 2011

In spite of the many-sided advantages of semifluidised bed bioreactors, no attempt has been made to simulate their performance mathematically. Only scattered experimental data are available in literature. In the present study, therefore, attempts have been made to simulate immobilized enzyme semifluidised bed bioreactors’ performance as equivalent to CSTR – PFR combinations, but with due allowances for the heterogeneity of the system. Bioconversions that follow Michaelis – Menten kinetics (with and without substrate inhibition) and reversible Michaelis – Menten kinetics have been considered. Substrate transfer into the particle (that accommodates the immobilized enzyme) is governed by the magnitude of effectiveness factor which is evaluated based on the generalized integral for the estimation of Thiele – type modulus and the corresponding correlation for effectiveness factor (as a hyperbolic tangent function) and also based on the analytical expression proposed by Gottifredi and Gonzo. Parameters such as operating semifluidisation velocity, porosity of fluidized section, height ratio of packed section to fluidized section are estimated from experimental correlations that are selected through elaborate trial and error procedure. Though the simulation model involves simplifications and empirical estimation of a few parameters, model results are found to exhibit reasonably good agreement with data collected through extensive experimental investigations, the maximum deviation being ±12.5 %. This confirms the acceptability of the software package developed. The developed software could be, therefore, recommended for the design and installation of industrial semifluidised bed bioreactors and also for the performance analysis of existing industrial bioreactors.
Studies on nickel (II) and palladium (II) complexes with some tetraazamacrocycles containing tellurium
Authors: Rathee Nitu , Verma Krishan
Published: December 2011

The synthesis of 10-membered and 12-membered tellurium containing
tetraazamacrocyclic complexes of divalent nickel and palladium by template
condensation of diaryltellurium dichlorides, (aryl = p-hydroxyphenyl,
3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl, p-methoxyphenyl) with 1,2-diaminoethane and
1,3-diaminopropane in the presence of metal dichloride is reported. The
resulting complexes have been subjected to elemental analyses, magnetic
measurements, electronic absorption, infra-red, and proton magnetic
resonance spectral studies. The formation of proposed macrocyclic skeletons
and their donor sites have been identified on the basis of spectral studies.
Distorted octahedral structure for the nickel complexes in the solid state
and squareplanar structure for the palladium complexes have been suggested.
Preparation of 2-heteroatom substituted 4-oxo-4-arylbutanoates via thio- and aza-Michael addition
Authors: Liu Huili , Lv Xin , Zhou Liejin , Yin Ruifeng , Wang Xiaoxia
Published: December 2011

Efficient regioselective conjugate additions of thiophenols and benzotriazole
to 4-aryl-4-oxobut-2-enoates have been achieved under mild conditions. Thus
a variety of 2-arylthio-4-oxo-4-arylbutanoates and 2-
benzotriazolyl-4-oxo-4-arylbutanoates were conveniently synthesized in good
to excellent yields.
Complications from residual adnexal structures following enucleation in three dogs
Authors: Ward Anne A. , Neaderland Marjorie H.
Published: December 2011

Case Description—A 3-year-old neutered male Lhasa Apso (dog 1) was evaluated because of chronic swelling at an 8-month-old enucleation site, a 10-year-old spayed female Japanese Chin (dog 2) was evaluated because of chronic swelling at a 6-year-old enucleation site and chronic discharge from a 1-year-old enucleation site, and a 7-year-old spayed female Yorkshire Terrier (dog 3) was evaluated because of chronic discharge from a 3-month-old enucleation site.

Clinical Findings—In all dogs, surgical exploration revealed substantial retention of adnexal remnants within the original enucleation sites. Diagnoses of subcutaneous membrana nictitans inclusion cyst, orbital pneumatosis, and conjunctival mucocele were made in dogs 1, 2, and 3, respectively.

Treatment and Outcome—Following cyst excision, dog 1 received a short course of treatment with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and deracoxib. There was no recurrence of clinical signs over a 2-month follow-up period. For dog 2, conjunctival tissue was excised, and the opening of the lower nasolacrimal canaliculus was cauterized. The patient received postoperative administration of deracoxib as well as orbifloxacin and clindamycin pending bacterial culture results, which were negative. There was no recurrence of clinical signs over an 8-month follow-up period. For dog 3, adnexal remnants were excised. The patient received postoperative administration of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and meloxicam. There was no recurrence of clinical signs over a 6-month follow-up period.

Clinical Relevance—Findings in the dogs of this report highlight the need for complete removal of the ocular adnexa to minimize the risk of complications of enucleation in the long-term follow-up period.
Effect of a nutritional reconditioning program for thin dairy cattle on body weight, carcass quality, and fecal pathogen shedding
Authors: Maier Gabriele U. , Hoar Bruce R. , Stull Carolyn L. , Kass Philip H. , Villanueva Veronica , Maas John
Published: December 2011

Objective—To assess changes in body weight, carcass quality, and fecal pathogen shedding in cull dairy cows fed a high-energy ration for 28 or 56 days prior to slaughter.

Design—Randomized clinical trial.

Animals—31 adult Holstein dairy cows.

Procedures—Cows were randomly assigned to a control (immediate slaughter) group or a 28-day or 56-day feeding group. Cows in the feeding groups received a high-energy feed and were weighed every 7 days. Carcasses were evaluated by USDA employees. Fecal and blood samples were collected at the start and end of the feeding periods.

Results—Body condition score and adjusted preliminary yield grade were significantly increased in both feeding groups, compared with values for the control group; body weight, hot carcass weight, dressing percentage, and ribeye area were significantly increased after 56 days, but not after 28 days, compared with values for the control group. Average daily gain and marbling score were significantly lower after feeding for 28 days versus after 56 days. Prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 shedding in feces decreased from 14% to 5.6%, but this difference was not significant. Cows seropositive for antibodies against bovine leukemia virus that had signs of lymphoma and lame cows had a low average daily gain. Net loss was $71.32/cow and $112.80/cow for the 28-day and 56-day feeding groups, respectively.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Feeding market dairy cows improved body condition and carcass quality. Cows seropositive for antibodies against bovine leukemia virus that have signs of lymphoma and lame cows might be poor candidates for reconditioning.
The dynamics of changes in the structure and species composition of primary forest stands in selected areas of Pieniny National Park
Authors: Jaworski Andrzej , Jakubowska Dorota
Published: December 2011

Dynamika zmian budowy, struktury i składu gatunkowego drzewostanów o charakterze pierwotnym na wybranych powierzchniach w Pienińskim Parku Narodowym
Greek Catholic Metropolitan Church sui iuris in Slovakia and Greek Catholic Church in Czech Republic within the Current Catholic Canon Law
Authors: Čitbaj František
Published: December 2011

Greek Catholic Metropolitan Church sui iuris in Slovakia and Greek Catholic Church in Czech Republic within the Current Catholic Canon Law

This article treats of new situation of Greek Catholic metropolitan church sui iuris in Slovakia, by describing its historical development. It is describing terms of Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches as tradition, ceremony and church sui iuris. It is also about institutes typical for metropolitan churches, which are the following: the institute of metropolitan, council of hierarch and also convention of metropolitan church sui iuris.
Discovering neurosurgery: new frontiers
Authors: Rutka James T.
Published: December 2011

Over the centuries, discoveries of lands unknown, treasures lost and buried, and formulas to delineate physicochemical processes have led to advancements in our understanding of how the world is structured and governed. In science and medicine, discoveries are frequently made following deliberate periods of observation and experimentation to test hypotheses. However, in some instances, discoveries may arise either following a “eureka moment” that transcends rigorous scientific experimentation or following a serendipitous observation. In many instances, scientific discoveries will lead to new inventions that are aimed at improving the manner in which tasks or operations are performed. In this address, some of the key discoveries in science and medicine that have impacted significantly on the field of neurosurgery are described. Some of these include discoveries in neuroanatomy, anesthesiology, infectious diseases, antisepsis, and radiology. Discoveries in the field of molecular science, from the discovery of DNA to next-generation DNA sequencing, which have helped improve the diagnosis and prognosis of neurosurgical patients with conditions such as brain tumors, are also described. In the end, these discoveries have led us to new frontiers in the subspecialty practice of neurosurgery. Navigating our way through these new frontiers will undoubtedly lead to additional discoveries that are unimaginable at present but bound to improve the future care of neurosurgical patients.
Harvey Cushing and “birth hemorrhage”: early pediatric neurosurgery at The Johns Hopkins Hospital
Authors: Mehta Vivek A. , Wijesekera Olindi , Pendleton Courtney , Quiñones-Hinojosa Alfredo , Jallo George I. , Ahn Edward S.
Published: December 2011

Of Harvey Cushing's many contributions to neurosurgery, one of the least documented is his early surgical intervention in children and his pioneering efforts to establish pediatric neurosurgery as a subspecialty. Between 1896 and 1912 Cushing conducted nearly 200 operations in children at The Johns Hopkins Hospital. A review of his records suggests that the advances he made in neurosurgery were significantly influenced by his experience with children. In this historical article, the authors describe Cushing's treatment of 6 children, in all of whom Cushing established a diagnosis of “birth hemorrhage.” By reviewing Cushing's operative indications, techniques, and outcomes, the authors aim to understand the philosophy of his pediatric neurosurgical management and how this informed his development of neurosurgery as a new specialty.
Magnitude of the First and Second Neighbour Magnetic Interactions in the Spin Chain Compound Li2CuO2
Authors: De Graaf C. , Moreira I.  de P. R. , Illas F.
Published: December 2011

State-of-the-art molecular quantum chemical techniques have been applied to the solid-state compound Li2CuO2 in order to derive accurate estimates of the in-chain magnetic interactions. In the present work, the magnitude of the nearest neighbour and next nearest neighbour magnetic coupling constants is investigated from first principles embedded cluster calculations. The convergence of the results is carefully tested for the cluster size. In contrast to the earlier findings, it is predicted that J2 is only ~15% of J1. In particular, it is shown that a large J2 appears when the Li+ ions are not explicitly included in the calculation.
Quantum Systems in Chemistry and Physics. Volume 1: Basic Problems and Model Systems,Volume 2: Advanced Problems and Complex Systems, Granada, Spain (1997). Edited by Alfonso Hernández-Laguna
Authors: Lin Shu-Kun
Published: December 2011

These two volumes [1] are volumes 2 and 3 of the series Progress in Theoretical Chemistry and Physics [2,3].[...]
Modeling NMR chemical shifts: crystal potential derived point charge (CPPCh) model to calculate solid state effects on 31P chemical shifts tensors
Authors: Schneider D.  M. , Caputo M.   C. , Ferraro M. B. , Facelli J.  C.
Published: December 2011

This paper presents a new method to calculate solid-state effects on NMR chemical shifts. Using full crystal potentials, this new method (CPPCh) eliminates the need to arbitrarily select the point charges that are included in the calculations of the NMR chemical shieldings to take into account intermolecular effects. By eliminating the arbitrary selection of the point charges, the method provides a mechanism to systematically improve the simulation of intermolecular effects on chemical shielding calculations. This new method has been applied to the calculation of the 31P NMR chemical shifts tensors in P4S3. The shielding calculations were done using the DFT approach with the BLYP gradient corrected exchange correlation functional. This method was selected to calculate the 31P chemical shifts because it includes electron correlation effects at a reasonable cost.
Antimicrobial Activity of Piper gaudichaudianum Kuntze and Its Synergism with Different Antibiotics
Authors: Puhl Mariele Caroline Marques Nogueira , Cortez Diógenes Aparício Garcia , Ueda-Nakamura Tânia , Nakamura Celso Vataru , Filho Benedito Prado Dias
Published: December 2011

One of the oldest forms of medical practice is the use of plants for the treatment and prevention of diseases that affect humans. We have studied the antimicrobial activity and synergism of Piper gaudichaudianum Kuntze with different antibiotics. The crude extract from the leaves of P. gaudichaudianum was submitted to chromatographic separation, resulting in five fractions. Fraction F3 contained a chromone (2,2-dimethyl-6-carboxycroman-4-one), and fraction F2 contained isomers that are prenylated derivatives of benzoic acid [4-hydroxy-(3',7'-dimethyl-1'-oxo-octa-E-2'-6'-dienyl)benzoic acid and 4-hydroxy-(3',7'-dimethyl-1'-oxo-octa-2'-Z-6'-dienyl) benzoic acid]. The chemical structures of both compounds were determined by analysis of 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, COZY, DEPT, HMQC, and HMBC spectral data, and by comparison with data in the literature. The crude extract, fraction F2, and fraction F3 showed good activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Candida tropicalis. The two benzoic acid derivatives only showed activity against S. aureus and B. subtilis. The bioauthographic analysis showed an inhibition zone only in fraction F2. Fractions F2 and F3 showed synergism in combination with ceftriaxone, tetracycline, and vancomycin. Morphological changes in form and structure were found by scanning electron microscopy in S. aureus treated with the combination of fraction F2 with vancomycin.
Improving Social Odometry Robot Networks with Distributed Reputation Systems for Collaborative Purposes
Authors: Fraga David , Gutiérrez Álvaro , Vallejo Juan Carlos , Campo Alexandre , Bankovic Zorana
Published: December 2011

The improvement of odometry systems in collaborative robotics remains an important challenge for several applications. Social odometry is a social technique which confers the robots the possibility to learn from the others. This paper analyzes social odometry and proposes and follows a methodology to improve its behavior based on cooperative reputation systems. We also provide a reference implementation that allows us to compare the performance of the proposed solution in highly dynamic environments with the performance of standard social odometry techniques. Simulation results quantitatively show the benefits of this collaborative approach that allows us to achieve better performances than social odometry.
Le tesson d'amphore B2 de l'Ile Lavret (Bréhat, Côtes-du-Nord) et le problème des importations
Authors: Giot Pierre-Roland , Querré Guirec
Published: December 2011

The Dark-Age site of Ile Lavret, Bréhat (Côtes-du-Nord) has produced a typical sherd of a B ii amphora, imported from the Eastern Mediterranean, and a séries of sherds of a whitish fabric looking somewhat like but non identical to E ware. Petrological description of these wares.
Etude palynologique d'un sondage dans le marais de la Harelle, Heurteauville (Seine-Maritime)
Authors: Huault Marie-Francoise
Published: December 2011

L'analyse pollinique d'un sondage d'une quinzaine de mètres dans le marais de la Harelle, situé sur la rive gauche de la Seine, en aval de Rouen, permet de reconstituer l'évolution du couvert végétal depuis le Néolithique. Jusqu'à la fin du Subboréal, le marais est soumis aux influences saumàtres ; ce n'est qu'aux environs de 4500 BP qu'une tourbière d'eau douce s'installe. La forêt, composée principalement de chênes, d'ormes, de tilleuls et de noisetiers, reste très dense jusque vers 4300 BP. Le déclin de l'orme, qui marque traditionnellement la limite Atlantique-Subboréal, n'apparaît pas nettement à Heurteauville. Les premiers témoignages d'une activité agricole, accompagnés d'un recul sensible de la forêt sont enregistrés vers 4390 +/- 90 BP. Le développement du hêtre à partir de 3100 BP, la raréfaction de l'orme et du tilleul caractérisent le Subatlantique.
Le site paléolithique moyen de la Pointe de la Heussaye (Erquy, Côtes-du-Nord)
Authors: Bigot Bernard
Published: December 2011

The middle palaeolithic site of the Pointe de la Heussaye, at Erquy, recently discovered, has the advantage of being very precisely placed in the stratigraphy of Breton Pleistocene, in the last interglacial complex. The lithic industry, rather homogeneous, cornes essentially from débitage with numerous nuclei and flakes of atypical levalloisian technique. Retouches are rare (notched and denticulates tools, side scrapers). This is the first relatively important site of Brittany dated in the last interglacial complex east of Saint-Brieuc.
Des dolmens à couloir au péril des mers actuelles
Authors: Giot Pierre-Roland , Morzadec Hervé
Published: December 2011

L'exemple de la sépulture à chambre et à couloir de la plage d'Ezer (Loctudy, Finistère), met en relief les problèmes des monuments anciens de bas-niveau, et leurs relations avec le bord de mer.
Un site d'habitat protohistorique avec un cercle de trous de poteaux à Cagny (Calvados)
Authors: San Juan Guy , Ghesquière Emmanuel , Méniel Patrice
Published: December 2011

In the village of Cagny, 10 km east of Caen (Calvados), a circular post-built structure is associated with a small post built loft and a large pit, probably dug for the exploitation of mari. The artefacts in the large pit constitute a domestic rubbish dump. The small collection of bowls date the rubbish pit to the late Bronze Age or the Early Iron Age. The association of thèse différent structures may indicate a domestic site, differenciating itself with a circular post-built hitherto unknown in Basse-Normandie. The fortuitous association of a circular funeral structure and domestic structures can't however be excluded.
Introduction à l'étude du tertre néolithique de Brétineau à Guérande (Loire-Atlantique)
Authors: Cassen Serge , Visset Lionel , Fillon Denis , Le Gouestre Didier , Pirault Lionel , Poulain Henri
Published: December 2011

In advance of major funding, preliminary investigation by sondages and contour survey of the Brétineau mound has established the gênerai appearance and state of preservation of one of France's most spectacular Neolithic monuments.
Les plaques décorées en schiste de la Bretagne armoricaine sous l'Empire Romain
Authors: Langouet Loïc , Quesnel Laurent , Pouille Dominique , Le Cloirec Gaétan , Labaune Françoise , Leroux Gilles , Chaigneau Cyrille
Published: December 2011

Actuellement on dispose d'un échantillonnage de 50 plaques sculptées en schiste, provenant de sites gallo-romains, urbains et ruraux de Bretagne. La cartographie montre leur usage principalement dans la partie orientale de cette région. L'analyse des techniques de réalisation permet de faire des observations sur leur travail et sur leur disposition dans les édifices. Un classement des décors permet de distinguer les décors architecturaux, les animaux marins et aquatiques, les armes, les motifs naturalistes figuratifs et les motifs géométriques. Une symbolique des boucliers est proposée.
Development of microsatellite markers for Ophiocordyceps sinensis (Ophiocordycipitaceae) Using an ISSR‐TAIL‐PCR method
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Liang , Yang Rui‐Heng , Yao Yi‐Jian
Published: December 2011

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite primers were developed for Ophiocordyceps sinensis, an endangered medicinal fungus endemic to the Tibetan Plateau, to investigate its genetic diversity and population structure.

• Methods and Results: An inter‐simple sequence repeat (ISSR)–thermal asymmetric interlaced (TAIL)–PCR method was established to develop microsatellite markers. A total of 30 perfect and imperfect microsatellites were identified in 48 individuals of O. sinensis from five provinces within China representing different populations. Seventeen loci were polymorphic with two to four alleles per locus, while 13 were monomorphic.

• Conclusions: The results indicate that the microsatellite markers developed here may be used in studies of population genetics and conservation biology of O. sinensis. Furthermore, the ISSR‐TAIL‐PCR method is a simple strategy for microsatellite marker development.
Behavioral Implicit Communication (BIC)
Authors: Castelfranchi Cristiano , Pezzulo Giovanni , Tummolini Luca
Published: December 2011

A crucial part of the intelligence that smart environments should display is a specific form of social intelligence: the ability to read human behavior and its traces in terms of underlying intentions and assumptions. Such ability is crucial to enable human users to tacitly coordinate and negotiate with smart and proactive digital environments. In this paper, the authors argue that the necessary tool for this ability is behavioral and stigmergic implicit (i.e. non-conventional) communication. The authors present a basic theory of such a fundamental interactive means—the theory of Behavioral Implicit Communication (BIC).
Context-Awareness in Ambient Intelligence
Authors: Traynor Declan , Xie Ermai , Curran Kevin
Published: December 2011

Ambient Intelligence (AmI) deals with the issue of how we can create context-aware, electronic environments which foster seamless human-computer interaction. Ambient Intelligence encompasses the fields of ubiquitous computing, artificially intelligent systems, and context awareness among others. This paper discusses context-awareness and examines how discoveries in this area will be key in propelling the development of true AmI environments. This will be done by examining the background and reasoning behind this particular strand of AmI research along with an overview of the technologies being explored alongside possible applications of context awareness in computing as well as technological and socio- ethical challenges in this field.
How Intelligent are Ambient Intelligence Systems?
Authors: Santofimia María J. , Moya Francisco , Villanueva Félix J. , Villa David , López Juan C.
Published: December 2011

Since the appearance of the Ambient Intelligence paradigm, as an evolution of the Ubiquitous Computing, a great deal of the research efforts in this field have been mainly aimed at anticipating user actions and needs, out of a prefixed set. However, Ambient Intelligence is not just constrained to user behaviour pattern matching, but to wisely supervise the whole environment, satisfying those unforeseen requirements or needs, by means of rational decisions. This work points at the lack of commonsense reasoning, as the main reason underlying the existance of these idiots savant systems, capable of accomplishing very specific and complex tasks, but incapable of making decisions out of the prefixed behavioral patterns. This work advocates for the integration of the commonsense reasoning and understanding capabilities as the key elements in bridging the gap between idiot savant systems and real Ambient Intelligence systems.
Auditory Augmentation
Authors: Bovermann Till , Tünnermann René , Hermann Thomas
Published: December 2011

With auditory augmentation, the authors describe building blocks supporting the design of data representation tools, which unobtrusively alter the auditory characteristics of structure-borne sounds. The system enriches the structure-borne sound of objects with a sonification of (near) real time data streams. The object’s auditory gestalt is shaped by data-driven parameters, creating a subtle display for ambient data streams. Auditory augmentation can be easily overlaid to existing sounds, and does not change prominent auditory features of the augmented objects like the sound’s timing or its level. In a peripheral monitoring situation, the data stay out of the users’ attention, which thereby remains free to focus on a primary task. However, any characteristic sound change will catch the users’ attention. This article describes the principles of auditory augmentation, gives an introduction to the Reim Software Toolbox, and presents the first observations made in a preliminary long-term user study.
Mobile Multimedia
Authors: O’Grady Michael J. , O’Hare Gregory M.P. , Collier Rem
Published: December 2011

Delivering multimedia services to roaming subscribers raises significant challenges for content providers. There are a number of reasons for this; however, the principal difficulties arise from the inherent differences between the nature of mobile computing usage, and that of its static counterpart. The harnessing of appropriate contextual elements pertaining to a mobile subscriber at any given time offers significant opportunities for enhancing and customising service delivery. Dynamic content provision is a case in point. The versatile nature of the mobile subscriber offers opportunities for the delivery of content that is most appropriate to the subscriber’s prevailing context, and hence is most likely to be welcomed. To succeed in this endeavour requires an innate understanding of the technologies, the mobile usage paradigm and the application domain in question, such that conflicting demands may be reconciled to the subscriber’s benefit. In this paper, multimedia-augmented service provision for mobile subscribers is considered in light of the availability of contextual information. In particular, context-aware pre-caching is advocated as a means of maximising the possibilities for delivering context-aware services to mobile subscribers in scenarios of dynamic contexts.
Simplicity, Consistency, Universality, Flexibility and Familiarity
Authors: Picking Rich , Grout Vic , McGinn John , Crisp Jodi , Grout Helen
Published: December 2011

This paper describes the user interface design, and subsequent usability evaluation of the EU FP6 funded Easyline+ project, which involved the development of ambient assistive technology to support elderly and disabled people in their interaction with kitchen appliances. During this process, established usability design guidelines and principles were considered. The authors’ analysis of the applicability of these has led to the development of a new set of principles, specifically for the design of ambient computer systems. This set of principles is referred to as SCUFF, an acronym for simplicity, consistency, universality, flexibility and familiarity. These evaluations suggest that adoption of the SCUFF principles was successful for the Easyline+ project, and that they can be used for other ambient technology projects, either as complementary to, or as an alternative to more generic and partially relevant principles.
Data Mining in Nonprofit Organizations, Government Agencies, and Other Institutions
Authors: Wang Zhongxian , Yan Ruiliang , Chen Qiyang , Xing Ruben
Published: December 2011

Data mining involves searching through databases for potentially useful information, such as knowledge rules, patterns, regularities, and other trends hidden in the data. Today, data mining is more widely used than ever before, not only by businesses who seek profits but also by nonprofit organizations, government agencies, private groups and other institutions in the public sector. In this paper, the authors summarize and classify the applications of data mining in the public sector into the following possible categories: improving service or performance; helping customer relations management; analyzing scientific and research information; managing human resources; improving emergency management; detecting fraud, waste, and abuse; detecting criminal activities; and detecting terrorist activities.
Impact of Podcasts as Professional Learning
Authors: King Kathleen P.
Published: December 2011

Until now, research on podcasting in education mostly examined teacher created podcasts in K-12 and higher education. This paper explores podcasts in professional learning across several genres of podcasts. Using a popular typology of podcasts, teacher created, student created and professional development podcasts (King & Gura, 2007), this paper compares, contrasts and reveals the potential of multiple educational contexts and instructional strategies, formative instructional design, interdisciplinary strategies, formal and informal learning, and effective uses of data gathering methods. The significance of the study extends from not only the extensive reach of the data gathering and production, but also the robust research model, formative and dynamic instructional design for staff development and recommendations for podcasting research strategies.
The Value of Sociotechnical Theories for Implementation of Clinical Information Systems
Authors: Callen Joanne , Georgiou Andrew , Li Julie , Westbrook Johanna
Published: December 2011

The following chapter provides an overview of sociotechnical theories that can be used to understand, design, implement, and evaluate clinical information systems in health care settings. The sociotechnical approach is one that seeks to identify the dynamics between technology and the social, professional, and cultural environment in which it is used. Theories and models covered include: the technology and information technology acceptance models; a multi-level integration framework approach; social cognition theory; theories that propose a fit between individuals, tasks and the technology; diffusion of innovation theory, and a contextual implementation model. The frameworks presented in this chapter are not exhaustive but are most relevant to the complexity of information and communication technology use in health care settings.
Diffusion of Innovation Theory and the Problem of Context for Inter-Organizational Information Systems
Authors: Houghton Luke , Kerr Don
Published: December 2011

This chapter argues that diffusion theory models like the technology acceptance model (TAM) need to be rethought of in light of contextual factors that are becoming increasingly important in modern inter-organisational settings. This is due to the growing complexity of organizations with respect to different organisational types, contexts, and political structures that have been shown in research literature to hinder information systems acceptance. The chapter looks at possible contextual factors that are ignored by TAM by critiquing its parent diffusion theory (diffusion of innovations). This approach was considered best as there are many variations of TAM, but the diffusion of innovations (DOI) theory underlies all these variations. The chapter also recommends a way forward for research into inter-organisational information systems by examining an example situation of Feral Information Systems (FIS) to illustrate the problem. The chapter concludes with a discussion about future research directions.
Virtual Reality Support for Trading
Authors: Kelley Joe
Published: December 2011

Virtual reality offers the promise that finally, most of the capabilities of the human mind and senses can be harnessed to improve global financial performance. Over millennia, humans have adapted to their environment by using 3D vision, 3D sound, touch, smell, taste, et cetera. The human brain is highly attuned to these sensory inputs. Survival has often been dependent on split-second perception and quick decisions while under stress. Trading is a similar setting, with 42% of all trading occurring within milliseconds (Business Week, 2009). Losing traders have gone bankrupt and become extinct without exploiting their full sensory capabilities to perceive and understand the trading environment. Most traders have relied on simplistic 2D graphs, text, tables of numbers, and vanishing sounds of the trading floor. More recently, vendors have tried to help traders use more of their senses. Modern computer technology allows traders to better assess the markets, make faster and better decisions, and to get an edge in trading.
New Tools in Hardware and Software Design Applied for Remote Photovoltaic Laboratory
Authors: Cotfas Petru A. , Cotfas Daniel T. , Ursutiu Doru , Samoila Cornel , Iordache Dragos
Published: December 2011

This chapter aims to present a system for remote laboratories dedicated to solar cells in the context of contemporary research development in the field of renewable energy. The system is based on the NI ELVIS rapid prototyping platform, the LabVIEW graphical programming language, remote control techniques, and an original add-on for studying solar cells developed for the platform. The completed NI ELVIS add-on, called SolarLab, is a modular board, which allows users to perform eighteen different lab experiments. Using the developed driver, users can create their own applications according to their needs. Thus, SolarLab can be used for both education and research purposes.
Teaching Technology Computer Aided Design (TCAD) Online
Authors: Maiti Chinmay K , Maiti Ananda
Published: December 2011

Since Technology Computer Aided Design (TCAD) is an important component of modern semiconductor manufacturing, a new framework is needed for microelectronics education. An integrated measurement-based microelectronics and VLSI engineering laboratory with simulation-based technology CAD laboratory is described. An Internet-based laboratory management system for monitoring and control of a real-time measurement system interfaced via a dedicated local computer is discussed. The management system allows the remote students to conduct remote experiments, perform monitoring and control of the experimental setup, and collect data from the experiment through the network link as if the student is physically in a conventional laboratory. The management system is also capable of evaluating of a student’s performance and grading laboratory courses that involve preliminary quiz and viva-voce examinations, checking of experimental data and submitted online laboratory reports. The proposed online TCAD teaching methodology will provide an opportunity for expanding microelectronics education.
A Lab Server Model for the iLab Shared Architecture
Authors: Buschiazzo Paolo , Niederstätter Michael , Scapolla Anna Marina
Published: December 2011

This work aims to contribute to the creation of networks of online laboratories by proposing the model of a scalable and general purpose laboratory server and its integration into the iLabs network. The lab server has been designed to control heterogeneous devices and can be easily adapted to different fields of application. The communications between the laboratory server and the end user interfaces, and between the laboratory server and the devices are completely mediated by web services. The server model has been applied to the development of an online laboratory on Digital Signal Processing. The laboratory is now part of the iLabs network. The task of integration into the network has stimulated the development of a new interface that minimizes the changes to be done on existing lab servers to join the iLabs network and makes integration independent of server technology. The new interface, named LabProxy, contributes to the iLab Shared Architecture (ISA) and has been included in the software repository of iLabs.
Theorizing HR Intranets
Authors: Guilloux Véronique , Laval Florence , Kalika Michel
Published: December 2011

This paper presents the results of a longitudinal exploratory survey based on a sample of French firms. Different contexts of Intranet, as well as introduction, development stages, performance and Intranet content are presented. Three approaches are in existence: corporate Intranet, specialized Intranet and HR Intranet. These can be linked to different stages of development: communication, functional support, and knowledge management. The HR Function will be successful if it integrates Intranet in its management process, if the players are aware of the stakes and they behave as “real change agents”. Research shows the importance of strategic alignment between human resource management (HRM) and Intranet as well as the relevance of technological infusion, therefore, this paper’s result in showing a configurative approach that allows the integration of more variables and in turn leads to a systemic model contains great significance.
RBAC with Generic Rights, Delegation, Revocation, and Constraints
Authors: Wainer Jacques , Negrello Fabio , Ribeiro de Assis Igor
Published: December 2011

This chapter presents R+DRC, an extension of the Role-based Access Control (RBAC) model. R+DRC allow for defining constraints, for example to enforce different forms of separation of duties, and the right of overriding a constraint. The model also defines delegations, and two forms of revocations. The model is discussed within the framework of modeling the access control of an hospital. Algorithms are provided for the more complex actions.
Privacy in Identity and Access Management Systems
Authors: Pashalidis Andreas , Mitchell Chris J.
Published: December 2011

This chapter surveys the approaches for addressing privacy in open identity and access management systems that have been taken by a number of current systems. The chapter begins by listing important privacy requirements and discusses how three systems that are being incrementally deployed in the Internet, namely SAML 2.0, CardSpace, and eID, address these requirements. Subsequently, the findings of recent European research projects in the area of privacy for I&AM systems are discussed. Finally, the approach taken to address the identified privacy requirements by ongoing projects is described at a high level. The overall goal of this chapter is to provide the reader with an overview of the diversity of privacy issues and techniques in the context of I&AM.
Identity Management
Authors: Alrodhan Waleed
Published: December 2011

In this chapter we provide overviews of the notion of identity and of identity management in Sections 1 and 2, respectively. In section 3 we describe a conceptual identity management model as well as a number of practical models. We also cover a number of related topics including Single Sign-On, Level of Assurance, identity source discovery, security policies, proof-of-rightful-possession, and the use of pseudonyms and temporary IDs. Section 4 concludes the chapter.
Selecting and Implementing Identity and Access Management Technologies
Authors: Haag Peter , Spruit Marco
Published: December 2011

This chapter investigates how organizations can be supported in selecting and implementing Identity and Access Management (IAM) services. Due to the ever growing number of applications that are being used in organizations, stricter regulations and changing relationships between organizations, a new approach towards login- and password administration, security, and compliance is needed. IAM services claim to provide this new approach. Unfortunately, IAM selection projects have not been very successful in the recent past. Therefore, this chapter presents the IAM Services Assessment Model which provides a useful and usable tool to support organizations in the selection and implementation of IAM services.
Self-Protecting Access Control
Authors: Kayem Anne V. D. M. , Martin Patrick , Akl Selim G.
Published: December 2011

Self-protecting access control mechanisms can be described as an approach to enforcing security in a manner that automatically protects against violations of access control rules. In this chapter, we present a comparative analysis of standard Cryptographic Access Control (CAC) schemes in relation to privacy enforcement on the Web. We postulate that to mitigate privacy violations, self-protecting CAC mechanisms need to be supported by fault-tolerance. As an example of how one might to do this, we present two solutions that are inspired by the autonomic computing paradigm1. Our solutions are centered on how CAC schemes can be extended to protect against privacy violations that might arise from key updates and collusion attacks.
A Study of Homophily on Social Media
Authors: Bisgin Halil , Agarwal Nitin , Xu Xiaowei
Published: December 2011

Similarity breeds connections, the principle of homophily, has been well studied in existing sociology literature. Several studies have observed this phenomenon by conducting surveys on human subjects. These studies have concluded that new ties are formed between similar individuals. This phenomenon has been used to explain several socio-psychological concepts such as segregation, community development, social mobility, etc. However, due to the nature of these studies and limitations because of involvement of human subjects, conclusions from these studies are not easily extensible in online social media. Social media, which is becoming the infinite space for interactions, has exceeded all the expectations in terms of growth, for reasons beyond human comprehension. New ties are formed in social media in the same way that they emerge in the real world. However, given the differences between real-world and online social media, do the same factors that govern the construction of new ties in the real world also govern the construction of new ties in social media? In other words, does homophily exist in social media? In this chapter, the authors study this highly significant question and propose a systematic approach by studying two online social media sites, BlogCatalog and Last.fm, and report our findings along with some interesting observations.
A Social Network Model for Understanding Technology Use for Knowledge-Intensive Workers
Authors: Chung Kon Shing Kenneth
Published: December 2011

This chapter presents a theoretical model based on social network theories and the social influence model for understanding how knowledge professionals utilise technology. In particular, the association between egocentric network properties (structure, position and tie) and information and communication technology (ICT) use of individuals in knowledge-intensive and geographically dispersed settings is explored. A novel triangulation methodology is adopted where in-depth interviews and observation techniques were utilised to develop constructs for the conceptual model which were then vetted by domain-level experts. A reliable and validated social network-based questionnaire survey is also developed to operationalise the model. Results show that task-level ICT use is significantly associated with degree centrality and functional tie-diversity; and communication-level ICT use is negatively associated with efficiency. The implications of these associations for knowledge-intensive work mean that it is important to consider the professional social network characteristics of potential users of the technology for designing ICT-enabled organisations.
Odontogenic Myxoma of the Maxilla
Authors: Kaymakci Mustafa , Yazici Selçuk
Published: December 2011

Myxomas are mostly seen in the 2th and 3rd decades. They rarely occur in childhood and maxillofacial region is rarely involved. The recurrence incidence is high. We report this unusual case occurring in a 9-year-old girl in the maxillofacial region and recurrence four months after initial treatment.
Comparison of Bone Marrow Aspirate Cytology, Touch Imprint Cytology and Trephine Biopsy for Bone Marrow Evaluation
Authors: Chandra Smita , Chandra Harish
Published: December 2011

Studies have compared the role of bone marrow aspirate cytology and trephine biopsy for diagnosing various hematological disorders but fewer studies have compared the relative value of imprint cytology with aspirate and trephine biopsy. The present study was conducted to compare the role of bone marrow aspirate, touch imprint and trephine biopsy to formulate an effective and rapid method for diagnosing wide spectrum of hematological diseases. The study included total 565 cases of bone marrow examination from January 2006 till May 2010. All the smears and sections were reviewed for morphological details and findings on aspirate, imprint and biopsy were compared to each other. The diagnostic accuracy of bone marrow aspirate was 77.5%, imprint cytology 83.7% and that of biopsy was of 99.2%. The study showed 78% positive correlation between aspirate and biopsy and 84.3% between imprint and biopsy; 93.3% cases of metastatic solid tumors were correctly diagnosed on imprint while only 70% cases were diagnosed on aspirate cytology. The study concludes that all the three preparations of aspirate, imprint and biopsy complement each other. The assessment of iron status by Perl’s stain is most suitable on aspirate smears but trephine biopsy remains the gold standard for diagnosing granulomatous inflammation and hypoplastic/ aplastic anemia. Meticulously prepared imprint smears not only provide cellular composition of marrow but may also be helpful in defining the architecture of marrow especially in cases of metastatic solid tumors. Imprint cytology smears should be standard practice for evaluating any marrow.
Haematoma Caused by Bone Marrow Aspiration and Trephine Biopsy
Authors: Sarigianni Maria , Vlachaki Efthymia , Chissan Sofia , Klonizakis Filippos , Vetsiou Evaggelia , Anastasiadou Kyriaki , Ioannidou-Papagiannaki Elissavet , Klonizakis Ioannis
Published: December 2011

We report a case of a bone marrow aspiration and trephine biopsy (BMATB) associated haematoma in an 85-years old male without any predisposing risk factors. Six days after BMATB, he suffered from a massive thigh and buttock haematoma and a fall in haematocrit. It is important to know that BMATB can have complications aiding early recognition and therapy.