bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Animação sociocultural gerontológica com idosos frequentadores de centros de dia na região interior de Portugal
Authors: Martins Ernesto Candeias
Published: April 2018

Buscou-se abordar a animação sociocultural como promotora da satisfação e qualidade de vida no processo de envelhecimento de 68 idosos, de cinco centros de dia rurais, na região de Castelo Branco (Portugal). Foi um estudo de metodologia qualitativa, longitudinal, descritivo, analítico e interpretativo, no ano de 2015. Nortearam-nos os seguintes objetivos: promover o nível de satisfação com atividades culturais; desenvolver relações de convivência e autoestima; melhorar o clima social. Foi utilizado como técnicas de recolha de dados as entrevistas e observações aos idosos, responsáveis e técnicos, para além da análise às variáveis sociodemográficas de caraterização dos sujeitos intervenientes. Aplicou-se aos idosos um programa de atividades de animação sociocultural para melhorar o estado de ânimo, as relações, a convivência e qualidade de vida. Compreendeu-se a realidade social analisando as necessidades e exigências dos idosos e promoveu-se a sua participação nas atividades. O programa foi autoavaliado pelos idosos e técnicas responsáveis dos centros. Os resultados demonstraram o que os estudos confirmam: a qualidade de vida aumenta à medida que os idosos realizam tarefas e atividades socioculturais periódicas de que gostam e são protagonistas. Houve uma melhoria na autoestima, na satisfação com a vida e no clima social e institucional, através da animação cultural.
Em torno do conceito de heresia: o caso de João Cassiano (Provença, século V)
Authors: Pinheiro-Jones Rossana
Published: April 2018

Próspero da Aquitânia é mais conhecido como aquele que acusou os monges da Provença de serem semipelagianos. Devido a tais acusações, desde o século XVI, estudiosos consideraram que a 13ª Conferência, escrita por João Cassiano em cerca de 426 d.C, teria desempenhado papel central no surgimento desta forma moderada de pelagianismo, após a lerem como uma contestação aos ensinamentos de Agostinho sobre a graça, o livre-arbítrio e a predestinação. Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar um debate sobre o conceito de heresia, tomando a 13ª. Conferência como ponto de partida. Pretendemos demonstrar que tal escrito não era uma contestação herética a Agostinho, pois pode ser analisado como integrante de uma perspectiva teológica monástica provençal, centrada na iniciativa humana e na importância da obediência para a salvação.
Instrução e a prática de Canto Orfeônico em tempos de Estado Novo no Piauí
Authors: Freitas Aguiar Júnior José de Arimatéa
Published: April 2018

Este trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre a instrução, às celebrações cívicas e a prática de canto orfeônico durante o Estado Novo no Piauí. Tendo como objetivo principal analisar como os estabelecimentos de ensino utilizaram esses recursos na busca da constituição da cultura cívica e na legitimação do novo regime. Para que essa proposta fosse contemplada, foram abordados, no texto, os investimentos que a educação piauiense recebeu no período, a construção de Grupos Escolares pelo Piauí, a participação dos estudantes nos eventos cívicos organizados pelas escolas, a implantação da prática do canto orfeônico nos estabelecimentos e, por fim, como a juventude piauiense se posicionou perante as normatizações e imposições das instituições, bem como do Estado Novo. Para a realização desse estudo, utilizamos o jornal Diário Oficial, relatórios governamentais, entrevistas com ex-alunos e fotografias. As categorias teórico-metodológicas utilizadas nas discussões sobre Estado Novo foram Gomes (2005), Schwartzman (1983) e Schwartzman; Bomeny; Costa (1984). Para as reflexões que norteiam os estudos sobre cidades nos debruçamos nos estudos de Nascimento (2002), Lopes (2007) e Solon (2006). No tocante a educação no Piauí foi de fundamental importância às obras de Queiroz (2008) e Melo (2010).
Mulheres e carnavais no Rio de Janeiro: as representações da imprensa entre 1950 e 1962
Authors: Maziero Ellen Karin Dainese
Published: April 2018

O presente artigo tem como objetivo discutir as representações construídas pela imprensa quanto à presença das mulheres de diferentes segmentos sociais nos carnavais da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, de 1950 a 1962. Entendido como um tipo de festejo libertador das convenções sociais, o carnaval possibilitava o extravasamento e transgressões de algumas mulheres, que aproveitavam o clima dos folguedos para manifestar comportamentos mais livres. Por meio da cobertura dos carnavais realizada pelas revistas O Cruzeiro e Manchete e pelos jornais Correio da Manhã e O Globo, foi possível apreender as percepções da imprensa sobre a participação feminina nessas celebrações.
Entre palavras e objetos: Cultura material e Abolicionismo no Vale do Paraopeba/MG (1840-1888)
Authors: Martinez Claudia Eliane Parreiras Marques
Published: April 2018

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a cultura material do professor de primeiras letras, advogado, solicitador de capelas e resíduos, curador de escravos Manoel Bernardes da Cunha Cassão, falecido em 1877, na cidade de Bonfim. Com base em seu inventário post-mortem, de um banco de dados composto por 450 documentos cartorários e outras fontes, foi possível descortinar questões pertinentes à oscilação das fortunas, à posse de escravos e terras, a relação entre o interior de Minas Gerais e a Corte do Rio de Janeiro e, principalmente, o significado e a simbologia de possuir alguns artefatos, considerados, na época, sofisticados, exóticos e luxuosos. Para a realização deste trabalho, foi necessário recorrer a alguns pressupostos da História Social e da Micro História. Tendo como referência o conceito de “excepcional normal”, de Edoardo Grendi, problematizou-se, a partir das pistas e vestígios deixados por Cassão, como os objetos e os livros localizados em sua moradia, bem como sua atuação social e política, constituíram, ao mesmo tempo, desvio e regra na sociedade oitocentista.
A política de conciliação nos folhetins: Joaquim Manuel de Macedo e A carteira do meu tio (1855)
Authors: R. de Lima Carollina Carvalho
Published: April 2018

Em 1855, Joaquim Manuel de Macedo ofereceu ao público-leitor brasileiro um livro de viagem, cuja preocupação não era somente promover o divertimento de seus leitores, mas, principalmente, apresentar um quadro da situação política no país e da atuação dos homens públicos naquele contexto. A carteira do meu tio, portanto, com seu tom satírico, expunha a visão de Macedo sobre alguns temas importantes à época: a política de conciliação conduzida por Marquês de Paraná, o sistema representativo brasileiro e o comportamento da classe política no Brasil. Tendo em vista o impacto dessa obra na década de 1850 e seu esquecimento com o passar dos anos, este artigo analisa o relato do sobrinho-viajante, cujo teor parece ser ainda tão atual.
Getúlio Vargas e o Supremo Tribunal Federal: uma análise do habeas corpus de Olga Prestes
Authors: Abal Felipe Cittolin
Published: April 2018

O presente artigo trata a respeito do julgamento pela Corte Suprema brasileira do habeas corpus impetrado em nome de Olga Benário Prestes com fins de impedir a sua expulsão do Brasil para a Alemanha nazista. O principal objetivo do estudo é identificar, através da análise da decisão do Tribunal, os fatores que levaram à negação do habeas corpus, levando-se em conta a composição da Corte, as regras existentes para o caso, as relações entre o poder executivo e o Tribunal e a relação entre o governo de Vargas e a Corte Suprema. Através do estudo deste caso específico é possível reconhecer que a Corte Suprema brasileira possuía uma forte relação com o poder executivo consubstanciado na figura de Vargas, o que levou a uma decisão alinhada com os anseios do então presidente.
Uma utopia oitocentista: igualdade, trabalho e estado em uma sociedade imaginada por Edward Bellamy
Authors: Barros José D'Assunção
Published: April 2018

Este artigo examina a literatura utópica do século XIX, abordando mais diretamente, e em maior profundidade, a sociedade imaginária idealizada por Edward Bellamy no romance Olhando para Trás (1888). Esta análise mais específica é precedida por uma breve introdução à literatura utópica desde o século XVI – recuperando comparativamente proposições de autores como Thomas Morus, Campanella, Francis Bacon, Fourier, Saint-Simon, e Robert Owen –, além de uma discussão teórica sobre os modelos de distribuição da igualdade, neste caso considerando as reflexões de Norberto Bobbio e Amartya Sen sobre este tema. O romance de Bellamy é abordado em seu contexto, e justifica-se por envolver uma ponte entre literatura e sociedade, particularmente considerando que esta obra despertou grande interesse de leitores da época e mesmo a motivação para a realização de experiências utópicas específicas.
Política energética e construção de hidrelétricas na primeira metade do Século XX: reflexões sobre o caso paranaense
Authors: Karpinski Cezar
Published: April 2018

Neste artigo analiso algumas ações governamentais que legitimaram a constituição de uma política hidroenergética no estado do Paraná entre as décadas de 1940 e 1950. Dedico especial atenção ao início das projeções e construções de hidrelétricas no rio Iguaçu, especialmente a história da instalação da Hidrelétrica Caiacanga, primeira a ser instalada no curso deste rio. Utilizando o discurso como categoria analítica, procuro refletir sobre a emergência do modelo energético que culminou com a construção de cinco hidrelétricas no rio Iguaçu entre as décadas de 1970 e 2000. A análise da construção da Usina do Caiacanga deslinda um processo histórico que nos remete a projetos elaborados no início do Século XX, suas formas tecnológicas e o papel que ocupam os rios e suas quedas d’água nos planos governamentais. As fontes utilizadas foram Mensagens de Governo, o Plano Hidro-energético Paranaense de 1949 e um Relatório Técnico publicado em 1951 no Paraná.
Um humanista “além-fronteiras”: um estudo sobre Damião de Góis
Authors: Oliveira Jr Carlos Mauro
Published: April 2018

Desejamos, neste artigo, realizar um exercício de interpretação de um pequeno conjunto de textos do humanista português – Damião de Góis (1504-1572) – tendo em vista a trajetória política do Reino de Portugal no século XVI. Processado pelo Tribunal da Inquisição, Góis pareceu ter deixado registrado, em seus textos e no processo, algumas perspectivas e visões de mundo que dialogam com Erasmo de Roterdã e com um Humanismo do Norte. Por sua vez, sua trajetória de vida e algumas anotações feitas pelos inquisidores no processo podem permitir lançar algumas hipóteses sobre como a ortodoxia católica rompeu com o Humanismo ao longo do XVI. Um cristianismo interno e tolerante – mais ligado à Devotio Moderna – foi transformado em luteranismo e, depois, perseguido.
Produtor rural familiar: um estudo sobre a adesão aos controles de custos na cidade de Londrina-PR
Authors: Favato Kelli Juliane , Nogueira Daniel Ramos
Published: April 2018

A produção rural familiar representa aproximadamente 70% dos alimentos consumidos no Brasil, tendo relevância para a economia nacional. Pesquisas recentes apontam que uma pequena parcela dos produtores rurais utiliza controles de custos no processo de tomada de decisão, mesmo sendo esta uma ferramenta essencial para a gestão da propriedade. Assim, a presente pesquisa tem como objetivo investigar a adesão aos controles de custos por produtores familiares da cidade de Londrina-PR. Cabe ressaltar, que a região tem forte vínculo com o agronegócio e a sobrevivência deste tipo de produtor é importante para a sustentabilidade e economia regional. O levantamento de dados foi realizado por meio de formulários na feira do produtor rural, sendo este, um programa municipal de incentivo para os produtores rurais familiares. Resultados evidenciam que os produtores fazem controles de custos considerados básicos, no entanto, não os utilizam no processo de tomada de decisão e formação do preço de venda. Verifica-se que um pequeno número de produtores criou estratégias para diminuir os custos diante da atual retração econômica.
Sucessão na agricultura familiar: produção científica brasileira na área de administração pública e de empresas, ciências contábeis e turismo (2004-2016)
Authors: Gris Vanessa Gleica Cantú , Lago Sandra Mara Stocker , Brandalise Loreni Teresinha
Published: April 2018

Este estudo objetiva apresentar um levantamento da produção científica brasileira publicada em periódicos do sistema Qualis da área de Administração Pública e de Empresas, Ciências Contábeis e Turismo sobre a sucessão na agricultura familiar no período de 2004 a 2016. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica tendo como base de pesquisa os periódicos avaliados no sistema Qualis da área, cadastrados na plataforma Sucupira da Capes (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior). As buscas ocorreram no período de outubro a dezembro de 2016 e considerando os critérios de exclusão adotados foram selecionados 34 artigos que compõem a amostra desta pesquisa. Os resultados evidenciam a restrição da produção acadêmica na área e maior concentração de publicações oriundas da região sul do país. No contexto geral os estudos abordaram a renda como principal limitador da permanência do jovem no campo, além da fragilidade da infraestrutura do campo, dificuldade no acesso à educação, ausência de políticas públicas, desigualdade de gênero e visão negativa dos pais quanto ao futuro dos filhos na propriedade. Como fatores que contribuem para a sucessão na agricultura familiar percebeu-se forte influência da pluriatividade e diversificação da produção, qualificação profissional, envolvimento com as cooperativas, incentivo da família e perfil empreendedor dos jovens.
EXPLORING HOUSEHOLD FOOD WASTE ISSUE IN ALGERIA
Authors: AROUS Samir Ali , CAPONE Roberto , DEBS Philipp , HADDADI Yasmina , EL BILALI Hamid , BOTTALICO Francesco , HAMIDOUCHE Mohamed
Published: April 2018

Food losses and waste (FLW) is a phenomenon that has been underestimated, littlestudied and poorly documented in the Mediterranean countries. Actually, nopolicies, laws, strategies and action plans have been implemented to reduce FLWin Algeria. This exploratory study aims to evaluate household FW in Algeria. Anonline survey with 323 Algerian households was conducted in February-April 2015to assess the knowledge and relative importance of FW; attitudes towards FW;impacts of behaviors regarding food and food management; FW quantity andvalue; as well as barriers and willingness to behavioral change. Sample is genderbalanced(54% female and 46% male) and rather young (93% are less than 44 yearsold) while most of respondents have high education level. Results show thathousehold planning and shopping activities are significant forecasters of FW.Attitudes may change according to periods especially in Ramadan (88% ofrespondents declare that FW increase during this month) and to the category offood (most wasted product groups are fruits and vegetables, cereals and bakeryproducts). Most of the respondents have a good understanding of “use by” fooddate label while they still confuse the meaning of “best before”. It seems that FW iswidespread in Algeria as only 1% of respondents declare that they do not waste anyfood. About 15% declare that their households throw away at least 250 g of stillconsumable food each week. Even though Algeria is considered as a developingcountry, an important part of food wastage occurs at consumer level as in high andmiddle income countries. In order to reduce food waste, efforts should be directedtowards providing consumers with skills and tools to deal with their food-relatedactivities and to better consider the impact of food waste on the environment andeconomy.
CEREALS SEED LIFECYCLE
Authors: GONCHAROV Sergej
Published: April 2018

Cereals seed lifecycle is considered as duration of a variety commercial use, orperiod of having margin from variety market introduction till its withdrawal fromthe market. In most of cases, it coincides with average period of variety listing. Butavailable National Registers includes list of approved varieties, and don’t keeptracks about withdrawal ones. The article goal was to check author's methodologyof calculation of actual cereals seed lifecycle. National Registers of Commonwealthof Independent State (CIS) countries (Belarus, Kazakhstan, Russia, Ukraine)compare to German Bundesortenamt were used as data base. It was assumedthatnumber of varieties, been listing within five years period, is constant; thereforeshare of listed varieties in older groups shows probability of a variety listing withinany group. It was found, that winter wheat seed commercialization period lastsabout 24 years in Kazakhstan, 14 in Russia, 13 in Germany, 12in Ukraine and 9inBelarus. Similar trends are calculated in other cereals (spring oat, spring wheat,spring barley, and winter rye). The higher yields are, the shorter variety lifecycle,the better seed exchange rate (certified seeds share), and even return of breedinginvestments. Seed lifecycle is under influence of such factors as average cropmultiplication rate, seeding rate, crop margin, yields, operational risks, acreage,etc. Markets of high marginal crops with shorter seed lifecycle are attractive forinternational seed companies expansion.
LEVEL OF LARVAL ATACK ON MAIZE ROOTS AS A CONSEQUENCE OF ARTIFICIAL INFESTATION WITH WESTERN CORN ROOTWORM EGGS
Authors: TANASKOVIĆ Snežana , POPOVIĆ Branka , GVOZDENAC Sonja , KARPÁTI Zsolt , BÓGNAR Csengele , ERB Matthias
Published: April 2018

The Western corn rootworm (WCR), Diabrotica virgifera sp. virgifera(Col.,Chrysomelidae), is an oligophagous pest native in America. WCR is a maizepest present in all regions of the Corn Belt. It is an invasive species which was, inEurope, first identified in Serbia, in 1992, near the Belgrade airport. The presenceof this pest in maize field can cause losses and plant damages up to 100%. A fieldexperiment was carried out in Bečej, Vojvodina province (Serbia), during 2014 and2015. In the field, 96 plants (maize cultivar NS 640), arranged in 48 pairs wereselected. Each pair consisted of one plant artificially infested with WCR eggs (Dplant) and the control plant (C plant). In both years, the experiment in the field wasregularly inspected, once a week. During each observation, the presence of "gooseneck" symptoms was recorded, and the number of plants damaged by the mostimportant stem boring and leaf feeding insects (Ostrinia nubilalis, Helicoverpaarmigera, H. zeae, aphids, mites, cicadas, etc. ) was counted. Root damages wereassessed at the end of the experiment (September), according to Ostlie and Notzel(1987), on scale 1-6. Comparing the root damages on C and D plants, less rootdamages were established on C plants. Only six i. e. four D plants had healthy roots(rate 1) during 2014 and 2015, respectively. Between D plants in 2014, the mostdamaged were14 plants, with the rate 3 (least one root chewed to within 1½ inches(3. 8 cm) of the plant). In 2015, severe damages were registered on 18 plants,which were ranked as level 6 (with three or more nodes destroyed). Only two Cplants during vegetation 2014-2015were registered with damages with rate 5 (twonodes destroyed) and rate 6 (three or more nodes destroyed), respectively.
GERMINATION CHARACTERISTICS OF TEDERA (BITUMINARIA BITUMINOSA VAR. BITUMINOSA)
Authors: BARBERÁ Marta , FLORES María , CASTANON José , DIAZAVILA Erik , VENTURA Myriam
Published: April 2018

This study was conducted to evaluate the germination response of tedera seeds(Bituminaria bituminosa var. bituminosa C. H Stirt) to water submersion t. Tederais a perennial legume considered as a potential new pasture for Mediterranean,African and arid areas and traditionally used as forage for ruminants. It ischaracterized by deep-rootedness, drought tolerance, high protein content andnutritive value, offering elevate interest in animal nutrition. The experiment wasundertaken from October 2015 with freshly harvested seeds collected by hand onnatural populations from Gran Canaria, Canary Islands. Seed weight of tedera wascompared using four replicates of 50 seeds. The seeds were divided into twogroups (two replicates each group) and submerged on ambient temperature waterduring 16 or 24 hours each group. The mean seed weight was 23mg and itgerminates in temperatures ranging from 12°C to 20°C. Tedera have nogermination requirement for light. Tedera showed radicle protrusionfrom 4-8 cmwith no significant difference between groups. However, the highest percentage ofseed germination was achieved in the 24 hours group (65%) compared to the 16hours group (27%), which showed a significant decrease (p<0, 05) in thepercentage of seed germination. This study demonstrated that submersion duringaffected the Bituminaria bituminosa var. bituminosa seed germination andsuggesting that tedera is a promising species for direct seeding. The results suggestthat additional experiments are required for direct seeding.
SEEKING AN OPTIMAL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM FOR THE COMMERCIAL CATEGORIES OF OLIVE OILS
Authors: MARANO-MARCOLINI Carla , TORRES-RUIZ Francisco , LÓPEZ ZAFRA Esther
Published: April 2018

The ultimate goal of food classifications systems (FCS) is to inform in an adequateway to the different agents of the market and mainly to consumers about thedifferent categories, characteristics and quality of a food product. In particular, inthis paper we focus on the olive oils classification systems. This system is formedby three product categories divided according to the objective quality of each one.Its main function is to help the consumers to distinguish and understand thedistinctive characteristics of each category, motivating their learning to ensure thatthey can make informed decisions, avoiding confusion or mistakes. However, inmany cases, the classification systems show important deficiencies that increasethe confusion and hinder the consumer learning. For this reason, the objective ofthis work is to offer some orientations for the design of effective FCS. To analizethe usefulness of diverse elements such as the length of the categories (short-long)and a series of visual signs (colours, numbers and images), in relation to thelearning results, we conducted an experimental study with 840 spanish participantsduring November and December, 2014. The results allow us to provide a series ofrecommendations that can help to enhance the current classification system forolive oils.
STUDIES ON THE ADAPTATION OF QUINOA (CHENOPODIUM QUINOA WILLD.) TO EASTERN ANATOLIA REGION OF TURKEY
Authors: TAN Mustafa , TEMEL Süleyman
Published: April 2018

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), an Andean crop, is native food plant of highnutritional value and its cultivation is increasing rapidly in the World. Backgroundstudies should be conducted on the determination of appropriate quinoa varietiesfor different ecologies for its cultivation to become widespread in a healthy way.This study was conducted in 2015 and 2016 in Erzurum and Igdir non-irrigationconditions in the Eastern Anatolia of Turkey. The locations have differentecological characteristics from each other. The field experiments were conductedwith 9 varieties in each location in a randomized complete blocks experimentaldesign with four replications. The grain yield and some related characteristics wereexamined in the study. The grain yield and related characteristics of quinoa variedsignificantly depending on varieties and locations in the study. According to thetwo-year results, quinoa cultivation is a risky in Erzurum which has a high altitudeand short vegetation period. The grain yields ranged between 110-599 kg ha-1 andwas found to be quite low. In the Igdır location, 933-1646 kg ha-1 of seed yield wasobtained from the varieties. The earliest cultivar is Q-52, it has matured in Erzurumat 102 days, Igdir at 118 days. The latest maturation (138 days) was determined inthe Oro de Valle cultivar in Igdir conditions. According to these results, moquArrochilla, Q-52, Oro de Valle, French Vanilla and Rainbow cultivars can berecommended for non-irrigated conditions of these locations provided that it isseeded early in the spring. However, Erzurum and similar locations are not suitablefor the agriculture of this plant due to short plant growing period.
IN VITRO SCREENING OF INSECTICIDAL EFFECT OF PLANT AQUEOUS EXTRACTS ON THE COWPEA APHID APHIS CRACCIVORA
Authors: LEBBAL Salim , LEBBAL Aissa , ZERAIB Azzeddine
Published: April 2018

The research of new control methods that have low negative effects represent analternative aiming to limit disadvantages of chemical control of pests. This studyaimed to test the effect of 11 aqueous plant extracts belonging to four species(Santolina africana, Juniperus thurifera, Artemisia herba-alba and Pituranthosscoparius), on the larvae of the aphid Aphis craccivora installed on the leaves ofRobinia pseudoacacia under laboratory conditions. The insecticidal effect ofaqueous extracts on the mortality of aphids was evaluated by the introduction ofacacia leaflet into an extract and infestation of them by 10 larvae of the aphid.Later, a counting of dead larvae after 3, 6, 12 and 24 h was performed. In addition,we investigated the effect of the aqueous extracts on the orientation of the aphidsby putting the latter in a position of choice between six leaflets, each treated with adifferent extract. In addition, a phytochemical screening was carried out to detectthe presence of saponins and polyphenols in the extracts studied. Through ourstudy, the extract obtained from S. africana at a concentration of 15% was the mosteffective with a mortality rate higher than 80% after 24 h of artificial infestation.As for the effect of the four extracts on the orientation of the cowpea aphid, theydid not attract the larvae massively. Regarding phytochemical screening,differences in the chemical composition of the analyzed extracts were observed.These differences may explain in part the variation of aphicidal effects of testedplant extracts.
ASSESSMENT OF EXTENSION AGENTS’ KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS REGARDING PEST MANAGEMENT IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA PROVINCE -PAKISTAN
Authors: KHAN Muhammad Zafarullah
Published: April 2018

The research study was initiated in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan toinvestigate about the extension agents’ knowledge and skills regarding pestmanagement. Key objectives of the study were to know the present levels of theirpotentials and to judge their interested level of skills and potentials in pestmanagement capabilities needed by Agriculture Extension Officers (AEOs) fortheir effective job performance. Respondents were asked to report the selfperceived level of expertise possessed by them and the level required for smoothperformance regarding pest management measures in the field to sustainagriculture. The present and interested levels of potentials were measured both onLikert scale ranging from 1 to 5 such as “very low” as “1” and “very high” as “5”.There were significant differences observed in the agricultural officer’s potentialfor sustaining agriculture regarding age, professional qualification and jobexperience. Age, professional qualification and job experience have significantassociation on technical efficiency regarding protection of plants from pests forsustainable agriculture. Moreover, required level in said capability was higher inidentification of major field crops’ diseases as well as the guidance of farmers forherbicides use against weeds. Trainings of AEOs were required in identification ofdiseases and insect pests of minor crops along with their causes. Hence it isrecommended that AEOs may be trained and well prepared in the mentionedparameters of pest management measures to face challenges in the field ofagriculture and can face farming community effectively to raise their livingstandards by sustaining agriculture for their coming generation.
EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF CYTOPLASM ON THE KERNEL ROW NUMBER OF MAIZE INBRED LINES
Authors: JOVANOVIĆ Snežana , TODOROVIĆ Goran , GRČIĆ Nikola , ŠTRBANOVIĆ Ratibor , STANISAVLJEVIĆ Rade , BRKIĆ Josip , KRIZMANIĆ Goran
Published: April 2018

The aim of the present study was to determine effects of both, different types ofcytoplasm (cms-C, cms-S and fertile) and environmental factors on the kernel rownumber of 12 maize inbreds lines. The trial with inbred lines was set up in twolocations (Zemun Polje-Selection field and Zemun Polje-Školsko dobro) in 2013and 2014. Moreover, the three-replicate trials were set up according to therandomised complete block design within each type of cytoplasm. Each plot withinthe replicate consisted of four rows. Fertile versions of inbred lines were sown intwo border rows and they were pollinators for their sterile counterparts. Statisticbiometricdata processing was based on mean values per replicate and included theanalysis of variance. According to this analysis, significant differences in thekernel row number were established among inbred lines in dependence on the typeof cytoplasm, year and the location. The average kernel row number ranged from10.3 (L9) to 15.8 (L5 and L7). The variation of the kernel row number, related to thesource of cytoplasm, was very significant. Differences (Lsd0.01) in the kernel rownumber were not determined in inbred lines L5, L8, L10 and L12 in regard to the typeof cytoplasm: cms-C, cms-S and fertile. The average kernel row numbersignificantly (P1%) varied in regard to the year of investigation. A higher averagevalue (13.75) was established in 2014 than in 2013 (13.31). The kernel row numberper year very significantly varied (Lsd0.01) in all inbreds, but the differences werenot significant in the inbreds L2, L3, L8, L9 and L12. Gained results point out toeffects of different types of cytoplasm on the kernel row number.
PromoterPredict: sequence-based modelling of Escherichia coli σ70 promoter strength yields logarithmic dependence between promoter strength and sequence
Authors: Bharanikumar Ramit , R Premkumar Keshav Aditya , Palaniappan Ashok
Published: April 2018

We present PromoterPredict, a dynamic multiple regression approach to predict the strength of Escherichia coli promoters binding the σ70 factor of RNA polymerase. σ70 promoters are ubiquitously used in recombinant DNA technology, but characterizing their strength is demanding in terms of both time and money. Using a well-characterized set of promoters, we trained a multivariate linear regression model and found that the log of the promoter strength is significantly linearly associated with a weighted sum of the –10 and –35 sequence profile scores. It was found that the two regions contributed almost equally to the promoter strength. PromoterPredict accepts –10 and –35 hexamer sequences and returns the predicted promoter strength. It is capable of dynamic learning from user-supplied data to refine the model construction and yield more confident estimates of promoter strength. PromoterPredict is available as both a web service ( https://promoterpredict.com ) and standalone tool ( https://github.com/PromoterPredict ). Our work presents an intuitive generalization applicable to modelling the strength of other promoter classes.
Metabarcoding on the deep seafloor: optimizing multigene approaches and sampling methods for large-scale biodiversity assessments.
Authors: Brandt Miriam I , Zeppilli Daniela , Dussart Caroline , Aublet Erwan , Pradillon Florence , Arnaud-Haond Sophie
Published: April 2018

The deep sea, the largest and most poorly known biome on Earth, is under increasing threat from human-induced ecological impacts. Improved baseline knowledge and environmental impact assessment protocols are required to be able to alleviate potential changes in ecosystem diversity and functioning in the deep-sea. Metabarcoding of environmental DNA (eDNA) enables broader and faster biodiversity assessments, and is increasingly used to study eukaryote and prokaryote diversity. Whether metabarcoding provides reliable diversity inventories that meet the quality standards for accurate baseline data and biomonitoring is still uncertain in the deep-sea benthos, the latter being associated with specific taxonomic and sampling challenges. In particular, it is crucial to develop multigene metabarcoding protocols targeting living organisms and not extracellular, archived DNA. Before launching a large-scale project for the reassessment of deep-sea biodiversity, we addressed these technical challenges using bathyal and abyssal sediments sampled in the Mediterranean and central Atlantic. Our aim was to setup optimized protocols and evaluate the strengths and limitations of multigene metabarcoding in the deep sea by 1) comparing eDNA-based with traditional morphology-based diversity inventories and 2) assessing the accuracy and/or bias associated with distinct sample processing methods, including RNA and size-selected DNA extracts lacking short (extracellular) DNA fragments.
Horizontally transferred genes in the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi
Authors: Hernandez Alexandra M , Ryan Joseph F
Published: April 2018

Horizontal gene transfer has had major impacts on the biology of a wide range of organisms from antibiotic resistance in bacteria to adaptations to herbivory in arthropods. A growing body of literature shows that horizontal gene transfer (HGT) between non-animals and animals is more commonplace than previously thought. In this study, we present a thorough investigation of HGT in the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi. We applied tests of phylogenetic incongruence to identify nine genes that were likely transferred horizontally early in ctenophore evolution from bacteria and non-metazoan eukaryotes. All but one of these HGTs (an uncharacterized protein) are homologous to characterized enzymes, supporting previous observations that genes encoding enzymes are more likely to be retained after HGT events. We found that the majority of these nine horizontally transferred genes were expressed during development, suggesting that they are active and play a role in the biology of M. leidyi. This is the first report of HGT in ctenophores, and contributes to an ever-growing literature on the prevalence of genetic information flowing between non-animals and animals.
Sensitivity of various methods (CMT, CE and Indicator Paper) of subclinical cattle’s mastitis diagnostic in some dairy cows breeding in east of Algeria
Authors: Bouchoucha Brahim , Bouaziz Omar , Zeghilet Nourreddine , Aimer Rachida , Hireche Sana , Boussenna Sabrina
Published: April 2018

The aim of present work is to look for the prevalence of subclinical mastitis in dairy  cows of different regions in eastern Algerian ; the prevalence of subclinical mastitis has called for three non-specific methods and by  bacteriological analysis. On all teats are 416 ; the first non-specific test is Californiamastitis test (CMT) indicating polymorphonuclear witness infection of the udder. The second test indicates presence of ions (Na Cl) in  milk and carries the appellation of the electrical conductivity of milk (EC) and the last test is the one that revealed the pH of milk while using papier pH containing pH indicator and changes color to green or blue if the udder is infected. It is the first component of the study; the second component is to get the bacteriological status of each udder  and passing to the study of the sensitivity and specificity of non specifics tests . the present  study  gave values of mastitis prevalence  between 6.7 to 64.7% of cows and 10 to 20% of udders  tested by (CMT, pH papers and EC), with an infection rate of 9% of districts and 17% of cows. Bacteriological examination of positive areas showed the prevalence of the following pathogens : 6 species  of  Staph –  Saprophyticus= 15%, 6 species  staph – epidermidis=15%, 4 species staph – cohnii=10%, 9 Staph +=22.5%, 2 Micrococcus. Spp=5%, 4 E.Coli=10%, 2 speciesof  klebsielle =5%,2Proteus vulgaris=5%, 2Citrobacter freundeii=5%, 1 Streptococcus spp=2.5%, 1Streptococcus uberis=2.5%. et 5% others specie of bacterias. for specificity and  sensitivity we have these values r : CMT = 71% and 77%;. For pH paper had values of 15% and 60% .in latter puts the EC with values of 13% and 67% respectively. So the CMT remains the most accessible and reliable tset
Symptomatic Male Urethral Diverticula- Presentation, Diagnosis and Management.
Authors: Sharma Elias , Ratkal Jaideep M
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTObjective- To report our experience of aetiology, diagnosis, management and outcomes of uncommon male urethral diverticula managed at a single institute.Patients and Methods: After due approval from local ethical committee the case records of 8 male patients including a child presenting with urethral diverticula in a 10 year period (2002-2012) were retrospectively analysed with regard to presentation, diagnosis, management and outcomes.Results: A total of eight patients were identified having been managed for a urethral diverticulum during the period. Of the eight patients one was congenital diverticulum and rest acquired. A child aged 10 years, presented with straining to void and inability to empty the bladder and was diagnosed to have anterior urethral valve located at peno-scrotal  junction. The valves were endoscopically resected and diverticulum de-roofed. The child recovered with good outcome of good flow and emptying of bladder. Patients with acquired diverticula, presented at a mean age of 42 years (25-60 years). The presentation was similar with two patients presenting with acute retention. The Aetiological factors included Trauma, Previous urethral surgeries like Visual internal urethrotomy and infection. The common site of diverticula was peno-scrotal junction, followed by distal penile urethra. Two patients were treated with primary excision and establishment of urethral continuity and rest with two stage procedures. The outcome was poor in one patient of primary excision who presented later with stricture at the anastamotic site.Conclusions: Unlike in female population, male urethral diverticula are uncommon but should always be thought of in young men with obstructive urinary symptoms and in those with a past history straddle injuries. Treatment if individualized leads to good outcomes.
Evaluation of etiological factors and management of puberty menorrhagia
Authors: Deo Sujata , Agrawal Monica , Jaiswar S. P. , Sankhwar P. L. , Babu Suresh , S Sonalika , Nigam Nitu
Published: April 2018

Objectives: To evaluate the causes of puberty menorrhagia and effect of hormonal (Progestogens, estrogens and Combined Oral Contraceptive pills) and non-hormonal methods in the management of puberty menorrhagia.Methods: This prospective study included 51 subjects, who presented with puberty menorrhagia to Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, King George Medical University, Lucknow from August 2014 to August 2015. Assessment of each case with thorough history, physical examination and laboratory investigations was done. The underlying cause was diagnosed and the relevant treatment started and subjects kept under regular follow up.Results: In 26 (50.98%) subjects, immaturity of hypothalamic pituitary ovarian axis was the main cause of pubertymenorrhagia, 6 (11.76%) subjects had hypothroidism,5 (9.80%) subjects had polycystic ovarian syndrome, 4 (7.8%) subjects had idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, 2 (3.9%) subjects had disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, 3 (5.88%) subjects had hyperprolactinemia, 3 (5.88%) subjects had both hypothyroidism and hyperprolactinemia, 2(3.92%) subjects had fibroid uterus. All patients responded to medical management.Conclusion: Puberty menorrhagia is a distressing condition both for the subject as well as her parents. Most of thecases are due to anovulatory cycles which is a self-limiting condition at perimenarchal age group. Counseling and reassurance ofthe subjects is an important part of management. Long term medical treatment is successful in the majority of cases and rarely surgical intervention is required. Blood transfusion is required in a few cases.
Speciation and antifungal susceptibility testing of Candida isolates in various clinical samples in a tertiary care hospital in Mumbai
Authors: Jangla Sunayana Mukesh , Naidu Raji , Patel Sofia C.
Published: April 2018

Background: Over the last few years fungal infection rates have increased and a change is seen in their epidemiology and antifungal susceptibility pattern. Hence this study was conducted to learn the distribution of Candida species in various samples and their antifungal susceptibility pattern.Material and Methods: A total of 60Candida isolates were included in the study. Identification was done by colony morphology and Gram stain. Speciation was carried out by Germ-tube test, urease test, chlamydoconidia production test, colony characteristics on chromogenic agar medium, sugar assimilation test,sugar fermentation testand Vitek2 compact(Biomeriux, France) using ID-YST cards. Antifungal testing was done on Vitek2 compact using AST YS01 cards which included fluconazole, voriconazole, amphotericin b, caspofungin, micafungin and flucytosine.Results: 60 Candida isolates were included in this study. Samples from which Candida species were isolated were sputum (45%), urine (33.5%), pus (12%), vaginal swab (5%), endotracheal secretion (1.5%), blood (1.5%) and tissue (1.5%). Isolates from males and females were 30% and 70% respectively. Isolates from geriatric age group (>65 years) and adults (18-65 years) were 52% and 48% respectively. Isolates from samples received from IPD, OPD and ICU were 58%, 34% and 8% respectively. Out of all isolates, Candida albicans was 58%, Candida tropicalis 20%, Candida glabrata 10%, Candida parapsilosis 9% and Candida krusei3%. All Candida species (except Candidaglabrata) showed 100% sensitivity to amphotericin b and caspofungin. Sensitivity to azole group of drugs was 100% among NAC except C. glabrata and C. krusei and more than 90% among C. albicans.Conclusion: Candida albicans was the commonest isolate followed by C. tropicalis among the NAC. Overall also, C. Albicans were predominant as compared to Non albicans Candida (NAC) species. All Candidaisolates except (C. glabrata) showed good sensitivity to all antifungals.
Clinical profile of HIV positive children
Authors: Bapat Swati M.
Published: April 2018

Backgrounds: HIV infection has become a pandemic affecting both industrialized and developing countries. The increase in pediatric HIV infection has had a substantial impact on childhood mortality both in industrialized countries and developing countries. The present research was carried out to study the clinical profile of pediatric patients admitted with HIV infection.Method: Total 55 cases of aged 1 month to 12 years, detected to be HIV-positive (on triple ELISA test) were enrolled in the study. HIV status of patients 18 months of age was confirmed by DNA-PCR testing. The demographic data of the patients, clinical features, investigations and outcome were recorded.Results: The majority [34 (61.81%)] of cases were in below 5 years of age with male predominant 38 (69.09%). The predominant route of transmission of HIV to the child was by perinatal transmission [51 (92.72%)] while four cases (7.27%) were infected via blood transfusion. Clinical features at presentation in 49 symptomatic cases included protein-energy malnutrition (89.79%), fever ˃1 month (55.10%), weight loss ˃1 month (51.02%), persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (22.44%) and skin manifestations (75.51%). The gastrointestinal (61.22%) and respiratory (57.14%) were the most commonly involved organ systems. Opportunistic infections were tuberculosis (21 cases), candidiasis (8 cases), Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (3 cases), herpes zoster (4 cases) and giardiasis (1case). The mortality of the study was 9.09%.Conclusions: Perinatal transmission is the most common mode of acquiring HIV in the pediatric age group. Most patients have protein-energy malnutrition. Tuberculosis should be regarded as the indicator disease for HIV infection in children.
Screening for Gestational Diabetes by DIPSI Guidelines
Authors: Phulpagar Aditi , Deshmukh Prasad , Gunderia Anurag
Published: April 2018

Aim and Objectives: The present study was undertaken to find out the role and effectiveness of DIPSI guidelines as a replacement for other more time consuming and cost effective methods for detecting gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in the Indian population and to compare outcome between GDM and non GDM population.Methods: A total of 345 women were selected of low risk category between the gestational ages of 24 to 28 weeks and were subjected to screening for gestational diabetes by DIPSI guidelines. A 75mg oral glucose load was given irrespective of their last Meal timing followed by blood glucose estimation by glucose oxidase – peroxidase method. A report of ≥140mg/dl were labeled as GDM as per DIPSI guidelines.Results: Out of 345 subjects screened, 30 (8.7%) were positive for GDM. The false positives encountered with DIPSI were 0.57% (2/345) and another 2 cases (0.57%) were false negative by DIPSI criteria. The rate of LSCS and rate of macrosomia was significantly higher in GDM population (30% and 33.33% respectively) as   compared to general population (4.4% and 2.5% respectively). In GDM group 23.3% (7) had Shoulder Dystocia compared with 0.6% (2) in the normal population. 10% were breech compared with only 0.2% in the general population with 1 IUFD requiring hysterotomy. The rates of CPD were also higher (3.3%) than the general population (1.5%). A total of 19 neonates required NICU admission of which 11 were IDM. 36.66% of IDM required NICU admission as compared to only 2.5% of the non diabetic population.Conclusions: DIPSI guidelines can use as a replacement for other more resource and time consuming and costly methods like ADA criteria for the detection of GDM in the low resource settings in developing countries.
A Gripe Espanhola na Bahia: saúde, política e medicina em tempos de epidemia
Authors: Souza Christiane Maria Cruz
Published: April 2018

A forma como políticos, médicos, farmacêuticos e a população da Bahia se posicionaram diante da desconhecida doença que vitimou cerca de 30 milhões de pessoas nos anos de 1918/19, estrutura o livro. Nele são analisados os diversos aspectos relacionados à gripe que matou o presidente Rodrigues Alves, em janeiro de 1919, antes mesmo de tomar posse. A autora produziu “um belo e inédito mosaico”, tomando por base fontes documentais as mais diversas para fundamentar a pesquisa sobre o enfrentamento do vírus influenza. Gilberto Hochman, pesquisador da COC/Fiocruz e autor do prefácio do livro, exalta “o delicado artesanato” na produção da narrativa que provoca o interesse, a surpresa e até mesmo a compaixão pelos que sofrem nos tempos de epidemia. A obra permite compreender especificidades locais da chamada República Velha na Bahia, além de possibilitar estabelecer comparações da epidemia em perspectiva global, tornando-se importante fonte de pesquisa, ainda mais neste atual momento em que a pandemia pelo vírus da influenza A (H1N1) começa a perder força no hemisfério sul, mas persiste a possibilidade de futura ocorrência de novo repique.