bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nuclear receptors NHR-49 and NHR-79 promote peroxisome proliferation to compensate for aldehyde dehydrogenase deficiency in C. elegans
Authors: Zeng Lidan , Li Xuesong , Preusch Christopher B. , He Gary J. , Xu Ningyi , Cheung Tom H. , Qu Jianan , Mak Ho Yi
Published: July 2021

The intracellular level of fatty aldehydes is tightly regulated by aldehyde dehydrogenases to minimize the formation of toxic lipid and protein adducts. Importantly, the dysregulation of aldehyde dehydrogenases has been implicated in neurologic disorder and cancer in humans. However, cellular responses to unresolved, elevated fatty aldehyde levels are poorly understood. Here, we report that ALH-4 is aC.elegansaldehyde dehydrogenase that specifically associates with the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and peroxisomes. Based on lipidomic and imaging analysis, we show that the loss of ALH-4 increases fatty aldehyde levels and reduces fat storage. ALH-4 deficiency in the intestine, cell-nonautonomously induces NHR-49/NHR-79-dependent hypodermal peroxisome proliferation. This is accompanied by the upregulation of catalases and fatty acid catabolic enzymes, as indicated by RNA sequencing. Such a response is required to counteract ALH-4 deficiency sincealh-4; nhr-49double mutant animals are sterile. Our work reveals unexpected inter-tissue communication of fatty aldehyde levels and suggests pharmacological modulation of peroxisome proliferation as a therapeutic strategy to tackle pathology related to excess fatty aldehydes.
The magnitude of undernutrition and associated factors among adult chronic kidney disease patients in selected hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Asefa Mahder , Abebe Amene , Balcha Behailu , Baza Daniel
Published: July 2021

Background

Undernutrition is a common comorbidity in chronic kidney disease patients which augments the progression of the disease to an end-stage renal disease, renal dysfunction and related morbidity and mortality. However, in Ethiopia, there is a dearth of research evidence in this regard. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the magnitude of undernutrition and its associated factors among adult chronic kidney disease patients.

Methods

An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted in selected hospitals of Addis Ababa from May to August 2018. Data were collected by structured and pretested questionnaires. Patients’ charts were reviewed from their medical profiles. Body mass index was calculated from anthropometric measurements using calibrated instruments. Serum albumin level was determined by reference laboratory standard procedure. Data were entered into Epi- data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 21 for analysis. Descriptive statistics were calculated and presented by tables, graphs and texts. Binary and multivariable logistic regression analyses were computed and the level of statistical significance was declared at p-value <0.05.

Results

From the total sample size of 403 participants, 371 were involved in the study. The prevalence of undernutrition (BMI<18.5) among adult chronic kidney disease patients was 43.1% (95% CI: 38%-48%). Undernutrition (BMI<18.5) was significantly higher among patients with diabetic nephropathy [AOR = 2.00, 95% CI, 1.09–2.66], serum albumin value less than 3.8g/dl [AOR = 4.21: CI, 2.07–5.07], recently diagnosed with diabetes mellitus [AOR = 2.36, 95% CI, 1.03–3.14] and stage V chronic kidney disease [AOR = 3.25:95% CI, 1.00–3.87].

Conclusion

Undernutrition in chronic kidney disease patients was significantly higher among patients with diabetic nephropathy, patients on stage V chronic kidney disease, recently diagnosed with diabetes mellitus and serum albumin value less than 3.8g/dl.
Cognitive complaints in age-related chronic conditions: A systematic review
Authors: Hill Nikki L. , Bhargava Sakshi , Brown Monique J. , Kim Hyejin , Bhang Iris , Mullin Kaitlyn , Phillips Kathleen , Mogle Jacqueline
Published: July 2021

Introduction

Cognitive complaints in older adults may be indicative of progressive cognitive decline including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but also occur in other age-related chronic conditions, complicating identification of early AD symptoms. To better understand cognitive complaints in aging, we systematically reviewed the evidence to determine their prevalence and characterization among older adults with the most common age-related chronic conditions.

Methods

This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement and the review protocol was prospectively registered with PROSPERO (ID: CRD42020153147). Searches were conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses A&I in June 2020. Two members of the review team independently determined article eligibility for inclusion and conducted quality appraisal. A narrative synthesis of results was used to integrate findings across studies and draw conclusions regarding the strength of the evidence in each chronic condition category.

Results

Thirty-seven articles met eligibility criteria and were included in the review. Conditions represented were diabetes (n = 20), heart disease (n = 13), hypertension (n = 10), chronic lung disease (n = 5), arthritis (n = 4), heart failure (n = 2), and hyperlipidemia (n = 2). In addition, 16 studies included a measure of multimorbidity. Overall, there was a higher prevalence of cognitive complaints in individuals with higher multimorbidity, including a potential dose-dependent relationship. Findings for specific conditions were inconsistent, but there is evidence to suggest that cross-sectionally, older adults with diabetes, heart disease, chronic lung disease, and arthritis have more cognitive complaints than those without these conditions.

Conclusion

There is strong evidence demonstrating that cognitive complaints are more common in older adults with higher multimorbidity, but little research examining these associations over time. Improving our understanding of the longitudinal trajectory of cognitive complaints, multimorbidity, and objective cognition in older age is an important area for future research.
The impact of COVID-19 on Physical Activity of Czech children
Authors: Štveráková Tereza , Jačisko Jakub , Busch Andrew , Šafářová Marcela , Kolář Pavel , Kobesová Alena
Published: July 2021

Introduction

The pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and related restrictions (closed schools and sports centers, social isolation, masks) may have a negative impact on children’s health. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of physical activity (PA) of Czech children during COVID-19 in autumn 2020.

Methods

Ninety-eight Czech children (mean age = 10.1 ± 1.47 years) completed the standardized Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Czech Children (PAQ-C/cz) during COVID lockdown. Data were compared with previously published norms. Thirty-five children also reported daily number of steps measured by accelerometers.

Results

Total PAQ-C score was 0.38 lower during COVID compared to Pre-COVID [t(302) = 5.118., p < .001]. The male PAQ-C total score was 0.37 lower [t(146) = 3.21., p = .002)] and the female total score was 0.39 lower [t(154) = 3.97., p < .001] during COVID compared to Pre-COVID. Specifically, responses of PA during spare time, before-school, physical education (PE), and recess were significantly lower during COVID. The average number of steps was 7.767 steps/day (boys = 9.255; girls = 6.982).

Conclusion

COVID lockdown resulted in significant reduction of PA in Czech children. Strategies to promote adequate PA of children during the pandemic need to be determined.
Balancing typological and dimensional approaches: Assessment of adult attachment styles with Factor Mixture Analysis
Authors: Morales-Vives Fabia , Ferré-Rey Gisela , Ferrando Pere J. , Camps Misericòrdia
Published: July 2021

Many studies show the importance of adult attachment styles and their impact on social and emotional adaptation in adulthood. However, there is no agreement about whether attachment should be regarded as typological or dimensional, and some authors have proposed reconciling both options, so that adult attachment styles can be assessed more accurately and realistically. In this study we have adopted this comprehensive view and used Factor Mixture Analysis, the most appropriate model for assessing this mixture view. More specifically, we attempted to determine the nature and types (if any) of attachment styles that can be assessed with the Adult Attachment Questionnaire (CAA), using this mixture view. A total of 515 adults from Spain took part, with ages between 18 and 56 years old. In addition to the CAA questionnaire, they completed the Parental Bonding Instrument and the emotional stability subscale of the Overall Personality Assessment Scale. On the basis of the CAA scores, the results show that only two profiles–insecure attachment and normal-range–can be univocally differentiated. Furthermore, the results of a full multiple-group structural model show that each of these profiles has a different pattern of validity relations with the external variables maternal care, maternal overprotection and emotional stability. These differential validity results reinforce the general hypothesis that two differentiated clusters of individuals can be distinguished on the basis of the responses to the CAA items.
Exploring a critical research approach in fibre art studies in the United States
Authors: Kokko Sirpa
Published: July 2021

The purpose of the study was to reveal the central elements of combining a critical research approach with hands-on activities in fibre art studies. The article is based on ethnographic data gathered in two fibre art courses at a US university in the autumn of 2018. Intersectionality and interconnectedness, the material context and the process, emerged as the most important concepts of the critical research approach under study. These ideas were combined with hands-on activities so that the students learned both the basic skills and the broader social, cultural and material meanings related to their activities. The students appreciated the critical research approach which broadened their perspectives on fibre art. The low status of fibre art at the academy was revealed and associated with the gendered tradition. Study findings recommend the development of pedagogies that implement a critical research approach in art and craft education.
Hospitality & Society: A bibliometric analysis and the evolution of its research agenda
Authors: Rejowski Mirian , Leme Sogayar Roberta , Silva dos Santos Jaqueline , Faria Lopes dos Santos Aristides
Published: July 2021

This bibliometric study investigated the state of hospitality research in a sample of documents published in the periodical Hospitality & Society (H&S) from 2011 to 2018. It presents an analysis of authorship, co-authorship, co-authorship networks, leading authors and institutions, words, co-words and themes, in an initial view of the social and conceptual structure of the hospitality study. The inquiry is complemented by the classification of sample articles in thematic categories according to the research agenda published in the editorial of the first edition of H&S. This analysis proved to be fruitful because of new perspectives on hospitality research beyond services related to accommodation, food and drink. The findings support researchers with a partial understanding of the hospitality field, and it suggests applying other bibliometric techniques and expanding the sample in future studies. Towards an update on the initial research agenda, representatives of different hospitality currents of thought should draw together to stimulate greater integration among researchers from the global North and South.
Evocações camonianas
Authors: Pacheco Milton Pedro Dias
Published: July 2021

No âmbito dos ciclos comemorativos oficiais dedicados a Luis Vaz de Camões, o mais ilustre dos poetas portugueses, foi organizado, em 1969, o IV Centenário da Estada de Luís de Camões na Ilha de Moçambique (1569-1969).

A demorada estada de Camões na Ilha de Moçambique, entre os anos de 1567 e 1569, alguns anos após a sua primeira passagem, deixaria marcas indeléveis no património histórico de origem portuguesa e no imaginário colectivo da população moçambicana.

Pretende-se, com o presente artigo, proceder à análise do programa oficial promovido pelas comissões responsáveis pela organização e condução das atividades e festividades na ainda província de Moçambique, através dos múltiplos organismos acoplados à máquina administrativa central e ultramarina do Estado Novo nos últimos anos do regime autoritário. Seguidamente proceder-se-á à identificação cronológica e apreciação crítica das atividades culturais, ações científicas e composições artísticas levadas a cabo durante as comemorações camonianas de 1969.
Media literacy in primary school: new challenges in the digital age
Authors: Pérez Escoda Ana
Published: July 2021

Actualmente se producen en el mundo acalorados debates a acerca de los grandes cambios e inmensos avances que la tecnología ha hecho posible en nuestras sociedades. Brecha digital, competencias digitales, sociedad de la información y del conocimiento, desigualdad de recursos... Todos éstos son conceptos que inevitablemente surgen al reflexionar sobre lo que está acaeciendo en nuestro entorno con el desarrollo tecnológico. Más aún si analizamos en profundidad cómo están repercutiendo estos cambios en la educación de nuestra descendencia.A pesar de que este nuevo entorno digital ofrece grandes oportunidades y nuevas posibilidades de construir conocimiento, nuestra sociedad necesita urgentemente estrategias diferentes dentro de su sistema educativo que aseguren una formación adecuada en la era digital.El presente trabajo pone especial énfasis en la importancia que tiene para los niños en esta sociedad emergente aprender a encontrar, evaluar y saber usar la información existente en la red a través de una alfabetización digital desde la educación primaria.Para ayudar en este propósito se presentan además, los resultados de un proyecto de alfabetización digital en el aula “Conectados” utilizando una herramienta específica: el iPad. Con este dispositivo el proyecto pretende mejorar las competencias digitales de los niños a partir de 7-8 años de edad, que son, ya, usuarios de Internet.
Desarrollo de competencias emocionales en el profesorado de educación secundaria a través de una intervención por programas
Authors: Torrijos Fincias Patricia , Martín Izard Juan Francisco
Published: July 2021

Los centros educativos constituyen espacios de encuentro donde las relaciones interpersonales juegan un papel central. Favorecer la convivencia entre sus miembros se convierte en una necesidad que es preciso abordar si queremos promover el bienestar personal y social de todos los implicados en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje.En este sentido, trabajar la competencia emocional en los docentes de educación secundaria se convierte en una estrategia de prevención y desarrollo. Como estrategia de prevención, nuestra pretensión es dotar al profesorado de las habilidades necesarias para hacer frente a los desafíos de su práctica diaria, y prevenir el malestar, estrés y sentimientos de frustración que pueden aparecer ante las demandas y conflictos por parte de padres, alumnos, otros compañeros y equipo directivo. Como estrategia de desarrollo, entendemos que los profesores han de ser capaces de trasmitir y desarrollar la competencia emocional de aquellos alumnos con los que tienen ocasión de trabajar, favoreciendo así una educación integral y de calidad.
Aprender a innovar: una experiencia on line
Authors: Moreno Marchal Joaquín
Published: July 2021

La creatividad y la innovación se han convertido en recursos clave en la denominada sociedad del conocimiento, que bien podría ser también llamada sociedad de la innovación. Pero innovar es una actividad compleja, que integra la aplicación de múltiples capacidades, el pensamiento divergente y convergente, la gestión de equipos humanos, la comunicación. Ahora bien, a innovar se puede, y se debe, aprender. Aprender a innovar es un reto y también una obligación para el conjunto del sistema educativo en todos sus niveles. Partiendo de estas consideraciones este trabajo expone una experiencia de aprendizaje de la creatividad y de la innovación a través de un curso totalmente on line basado en la plataforma MOODLE, en el marco del Programa de Formación Permanente de la Universidad de Cádiz. Se presenta un modelo del proceso de innovación, denominado CREALAB, de elaboración propia. Este modelo se ha utilizado como base del proceso de aprendizaje de la creatividad y de la innovación y en el diseño del curso, está organizado en torno a actividades y tiene un carácter iterativo y realimentado. Se presentan además el conjunto del diseño metodológico y los resultados obtenidos en las dos ediciones celebradas hasta el momento. El diseño del curso totalmente on line y los resultados alcanzados permiten estimar un alto potencial de aplicación, tanto a nivel personal como a nivel organizacional.
Desarrollo de aprendizajes activos en primeros cursos universitarios: Workshop cónicas
Authors: Morillo Balsera M. Carmen , Casado Fuente M. Luisa , Fábrega Golpe José , Sebastián Lorente Luis
Published: July 2021

Como ya es conocido, los profesores de Matemáticas utilizamos los ejemplos como recursos de aprendizaje para enseñar algún contenido matemático concreto, de modo que las generalizaciones y abstracciones sean más fácilmente entendidas por los alumnos, pasando de lo concreto a lo abstracto, como otra forma de enseñar y practicar en Matemáticas. Esta metodología de trabajo se ve potenciada por el uso de dispositivos móviles llamados mobile-learning (m-learning) o educación móvil (educación-m), en español. Siguiendo esta línea de trabajo, se ha realizado el workshop de cónicas que se presenta en este artículo, empleando estas nuevas tecnologías (TIC) y con el objetivo de desarrollar aprendizajes activos en Geometría a través de la resolución de problemas en los primeros cursos de Grado en las ingenierías.
La práctica de la pedagogía constructivista en el aula realista. Un estudio de caso que explora las actitudes hacia la ciencia de estudiantes de grado
Authors: Jofre Ana , Marie Mari Stephanie
Published: July 2021

En este artículo se presenta un estudio de caso dentro del marco de la pedagogía constructivista del curso libre de orientación a la física Science, Techonology, and Society. Ponemos especial atención en los desafíos que conlleva el uso de la pedagogía constructivista en la enseñanza de la ciencia, una materia cuya filosofía es inherentemente realista. Por otro lado, nuestro estudio de caso demuestra que un enfoque realista de la pedagogía no es siempre la forma más efectiva de enseñar ciencia. Siendo críticas con la filosofía constructivista, reconocemos que un enfoque constructivista de la pedagogía puede ser efectivo para la educación científica, especialmente en la medida en que ésta queda sujeta a cierto realismo. El estudio de caso consiste en tres preguntas realizadas a 234 alumnos de grado durante dos semestres consecutivos. Sus respuestas muestran el sesgo individual y cultural, así como la escasa formación en matemáticas que pueden impedir que se sientan atraídos por el pensamiento científico. El estudio de caso proporciona apoyo para poner en práctica una pedagogía constructivista enfocada a una formación científica realista, y pone de manifiesto los conflictos cognitivos que enfrentan algunos estudiantes cuando las creencias previas difieren de lo que está siendo enseñado en el aula como una realidad universal. Nuestro análisis de las respuestas explora la labor colaborativa que puede establecerse entre la filosofía realista y la pedagogía constructivista.
Presente y futuro de la educación para la ciudadanía en Europa
Authors: Arbués Elena
Published: July 2021

Desde hace más de dos décadas un movimiento a favor del civismo surgió con fuerza en la mayoría de las democracias occidentales. Los gobiernos tratan de aplicar las recomendaciones dadas por el Consejo de Europa (2002; 2010a). La implantación de reformas educativas y el consiguiente desarrollo curricular han sido una oportunidad para la introducción de la educación cívica en los currículums nacionales de la mayoría de los países europeos (Naval, Print and Veldhuis, 2002). Actualmente la educación para la ciudadanía es considerada como una de las vías para ayudar a los jóvenes a adquirir las competencias sociales y ciudadanas que van a necesitar en su vida futura (Altarejos y Naval, 2005; Bolívar, 2007; Pérez Juste, 2007; Pérez Serrano, 2008). El propósito de este artículo es mostrar, a partir del impulso que está recibiendo la educación cívica en el ámbito internacional, las posibles líneas de acción que se presentan en este ámbito. No podemos obviar que también en los espacios digitales los jóvenes llevan a cabo su experiencia de la ciudadanía. En una sociedad moderna los procesos de alfabetización mediática pueden favorecer la participación social y el fomento de la competencia social y cívica (Kubey, 2003; Guo-Ming, 2007; Gonzálvez, 2012).
“Las palabras son también hechos”: Quentin Skinner, el giro contextual y la Teoría de la Educación
Authors: Igelmo Zaldívar Jon , Quiroga Uceda Patricia
Published: July 2021

Este artículo aborda la posibilidad de aplicar en la Teoría de la Educación el método para el estudio de las ideas de fundamento analítico propuesto por Quentin Skinner. La metodología del giro contextual es presentada como una herramienta hermenéutica apropiada para el esclarecimiento de las ideas desarrolladas por autores relevantes para el pensamiento educativo. Tomamos como referencia que profesar la Teoría de la Educación conlleva conocer para hacer; sin descartar la posibilidad de que conocer sea una forma de hacer. El objetivo que nos proponemos es incorporar un método riguroso para el estudio de las ideas que permita conocer la intencionalidad con la que fueron escritos algunos de los textos que hoy forman parte del debate de la educación en el contexto español. El texto incluye la aplicación del método del giro contextual de Skinner para el estudio teórico del pensamiento de Ivan Illich y Rudolf Steiner.
Miért beteg a magyar futball még mindig?
Authors: Balogh Renátó , Dajnoki Krisztina , Bácsné Bába Éva
Published: July 2021

Már a 70-es években elhangzott, hogy beteg a magyar labdarúgás, mert a magyar játékosok elmaradnak a külföldi társaiktól. Napjainkban továbbra is érzékeljük a magyar futball sportszakmai és gazdasági hátrányát a nyugat-európai országokétól, ezért merült fel a magyar játékospiac vizsgálatának szükségessége. A vizsgálatot a szomszédos horvát és szerb bajnokságok összehasonlításával végeztük el, négy szempont a játékoskeretek átlagéletkora, az idegenlégiósok aránya, a játékosok átlagos piaci értéke, illetve a bajnokságok transzferegyenlege alapján.Megállapítottuk, hogy minden viszonylatban a legrosszabb (legidősebb játékosok, legnagyobb idegenlégiós arány, legalacsonyabb átlagos piaci érték, legkisebb transzferegyenleg) kondíciókkal a magyar bajnokság rendelkezik. Kutatásunk alapján beazonosítottuk, hogy a magyar játékospiac a „szállítók” csoportjába tartozik, bár a szállítás volumene még alacsonynak tekinthető. Ezt többek között magyarázza az is, hogy a magyar játékosok nem érdekeltek a külföldre történő szerződésben, hiszen a játékosok fizetése eléri a kisebb bajnokságokban megszerezhető fizetések mértékét.
Vitaminkészítmények fogyasztásának vizsgálata a Csongrád megyei kismamák és kisgyermekes anyukák körében
Authors: Lendvai Edina , Haranghyné Pásztor Andrea
Published: July 2021

Cikkünk témája a Csongrád megyei kismamák vitaminfogyasztási szokásainak vizsgálata. Kutatásunk első lépéseként célul tűztük ki, hogy feltérképezzük a kismamák fogyasztási szokásait és annak motivációit. Szakirodalomként a várandósok vitaminszükségletének feltérképezésével és a gyógyszerek speciális marketingjével foglalkoztunk. Kutatásunk alapja egy anonim kérdőíves felmérés volt, amelyet kétszáz édesanyával töltettünk ki. Ebben vizsgáltuk a terhességi vitaminfogyasztás, motivációját, vásárlási szokásait. Ezek segítségével egy általános képet alakítottunk ki a várandós vitaminokkal kapcsolatban.
„Visszatérni vidékre”
Authors: Dajnoki Krisztina , Szabados György , Kulcsár Gergely , Bácsné Bába Éva
Published: July 2021

Napjainkra a szociológiai kutatások egy igen érdekes területévé vált a vidéki sajátosságok feltárása. Számos tanulmány hívja fel a figyelmet a vidék túlélő és megtartó képességének fontosságára, ezen belül különösen nagy a jelentősége annak, hogy a vidéki fiatalság kellően motivált legyen arra, hogy nagyvárosi tanulmányait követően visszatérjen saját – vidéki – településére, és képes legyen hozzájárulni a társadalmi és gazdasági fejlődéshez. Ebben sokféle tényező játszik szerepet, legyen az akár munkahelyi, környezeti, szociális, szabadidős vagy épp sportindíttatású.Manapság azonban úgy tűnik, hogy a fiatal generációk a nagyvárosba vágynak, közép-, vagy hosszútávra, ez az érintett kistelepülések erodációjához vezet, ami legrosszabb esetben visszafordíthatatlan folyamatokat eredményez. Kutatásunk során arra kerestük a választ, hogy a nagyvárosban tanuló egyetemi hallgatók miért nem akarnak visszatérni vidékre. Ezen túlmenően meg kívántuk ismerni a vidéki területek és a vidéki élet hallgatói imázsát, ezzel összefüggésben pedig a vidéken maradás/vidékre való visszatérés motivációit is.
Mudanças de hábitos de vida em trabalhadores da atenção primária durante a pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Sumiya Alberto , Pavesi Eloisa , Alves de Macêdo Juliberta , Farhat Gabriel , Salmaso Trelha Celita
Published: July 2021

A pandemia de COVID-19 impôs um novo contexto social, permeado por muitas dificuldades e dúvidas, que levaram a sociedade a se adaptar ao chamado novo normal com mudanças de hábitos de vida, nem sempre saudáveis. Este estudo objetivou discutir algumas mudanças de hábitos de vida em trabalhadores da atenção primária em saúde provocadas pela pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil. Para isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa transversal no período de 01/05/2020 a 31/05/2020. Utilizou-se um formulário online de 20 perguntas, que foi produzido no Google Forms® e disparado por e-mails, WhatsApp® e Facebook®. A amostra foi de conveniência e a análise dos dados foi descritiva pela verificação de frequências utilizando o Microsoft Excel® com alocação de respostas por Estado brasileiro, sendo o critério de inclusão respostas superiores a 30 por Estados. Os Estados incluídos foram Mato Grosso do Sul, Paraná e São Paulo, onde houve a predominância de participação do gênero feminino (89,1%), que reportaram tempo de experiência de trabalho variando entre um a cinco anos (37,6%). A maioria reportou medo moderado (47,4%) de contrair o vírus e considerou que o pior ainda estava por vir (67,5%) para o Brasil, sendo o aumento do sedentarismo (65,8%) a principal mudança de hábito ocorrida. A pandemia evidenciou a modificação de hábitos de vida em trabalhadores da APS, principalmente em Fisioterapeutas e Enfermeiros, considerados profissionais da linha de frente. O maior impacto observado foi o sedentarismo, que pode levar ao desenvolvimento de doenças e afetar o trabalho.
Sífilis gestacional segundo a idade das mães
Authors: Burgos Waltz Mariana , Vieira Máximo Thamires , Luiz Marinho Gerson , Rodrigues Andreza
Published: July 2021

Diversos países têm avançado em estratégias que refletem no declínio da transmissão de doenças; entretanto, o Brasil é o único onde a ocorrência de sífilis congênita e gestacional vem aumentando nos últimos anos. O estado do Rio de Janeiro, bem como a capital, são as unidades federativas que apresentam os índices mais elevados. Este estudo objetiva analisar a ocorrência de sífilis em gestantes residentes no município do Rio de Janeiro, no período 2008–2018. A partir da idade das gestantes, as análises foram conduzidas para aquelas com menos de 20 anos de idade e 20 anos ou mais. Obtiveram-se os dados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação – SINAN, tendo sido selecionados casos de sífilis notificados em gestantes no período de janeiro de 2008 a dezembro de 2018 (numeradores). No cálculo das taxas de incidência, os denominadores foram representados pelos recém-nascidos no município no mesmo período, e extraídos do Sistema de Informação sobre Nascidos Vivos – SINASC. No período, do estudo, foram notificados 26.499 casos de sífilis gestacional, dos quais 7.455 (28,1%) eram gestantes com menos de 20 anos de idade. Ao longo do período analisado, a incidência de sífilis em gestantes adultas aumentou em 10 vezes (de 4,8 para 50,1 casos p/mil NV); enquanto para as adolescentes, a taxa, que em 2008 era de 8,2 casos p/mil NV, atingiu 131 casos por mil NV, em 2018 (aumento de 16 vezes). As análises destacaram diferenças importantes entre as distintas regiões da cidade, com taxas elevadas nos bairros da zona norte e centro, e menos expressivas na zona sul da cidade. A tendência constante reforça hipóteses de que mulheres mais jovens estão mais expostas ao risco de infecção por sífilis. O aumento da cobertura da população assistida por equipes de saúde deve ser acompanhado de medidas de prevenção mais eficazes.
A Case of Profound Secretory Diarrhea Revealing 2 Primary Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Thompson Ashley A. , Suhail Fathima K. , Mirchia Kanish , Rawlins Sekou R.
Published: July 2021

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are unusual neoplasms with a diverse spectrum of clinical presentations. There is a lack of literature on cases of 2 primary histologically distinct NETs. We report a case of a 40-year-old man who presented with chronic diarrhea. A colonoscopy was performed which discovered a rectal polyp, with pathology showing a well-differentiated NET. A subsequent somatostatin scan revealed a pancreatic tail mass. Biopsy showed a histologically distinct well-differentiated vasoactive intestinal peptide-producing NET. Given that pancreatic and rectal NETs come from different embryonic origins, the diagnosis of 2 primary NETs presents a unique case.
Radiological Assessment of Environmental Impact of the IF-System Facility of the RAON
Authors: Lee Cheol-Woo , Whang Won Tae , Kim Eun Han , Han Moon Hee , Jeong Hae Sun , Jeong Sol , Lee Sang-jin
Published: July 2021

Background: The evaluation of skyshine distribution, release of airborne radioactive nuclides, and soil activation and groundwater migration were required for radiological assessment of the impact on the environment surrounding In-Flight (IF)-system facility of the RAON (Rare isotope Accelerator complex for ON-line experiment) accelerator complex.Materials and Methods: Monte Carlo simulation by MCNPX code was used for evaluation of skyshine and activation analysis for air and soil. The concentration model was applied in the estimation of the groundwater migration of radionuclides in soil.Results and Discussion: The skyshine dose rates at 1 km from the facility were evaluated as 1.62 × 10-3 μSv·hr-1. The annual releases of 3H and 14C were calculated as 9.62 × 10-5 mg and 1.19 × 10-1 mg, respectively. The concentrations of 3H and 22Na in drinking water were estimated as 1.22 × 10-1 Bq·cm-3 and 8.25 × 10-3 Bq·cm-3, respectively.Conclusion: Radiological assessment of environmental impact on the IF-facility of RAON was performed through evaluation of skyshine dose distribution, evaluation of annual emission of long-lived radionuclides in the air and estimation of soil activation and groundwater migration of radionuclides. As a result, much lower exposure than the limit value for the public, 1 mSv·yr-1, is expected during operation of the IF-facility.
Does coping mediate the effect of financial threat on life satisfaction? A multigroup analysis
Authors: Matavelli Rafaela Dias , Jesus Saul Neves , Pinto Patrícia , Viseu João
Published: July 2021

The year of 2007 was marked by one of the most severe global financial crises, which led to an increase of psychopathological symptoms that negatively affected life satisfaction. This research analyzed how financial threat was associated with life satisfaction and how coping, as a mediating variable, influenced this relationship. The theoretical model was tested through a sample of 901 Portuguese individuals, averaging 37 years old (SD=12.86). A structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to obtain the results, by using a multiple-group analysis. Overall, the results showed that financial threat is negatively associated with life satisfaction and that proactive coping strategies have a positive association with life satisfaction.The results obtained from coping as a mediating variable were not significant (considering the total sample). However, when we performed a multiple-group analysis, in the group of individuals with lower levels of financial threat, the mediation effect was statistically significant, showing an almost total attenuation of the crisis’s negative effects on life satisfaction. Thusly, we can infer that the mediating role of coping depends on the level of perceived financial threat. Since periods of financial threat have a negative impact on individuals’ psychological health, coping strategies can mitigate this relationship by decreasing the aforementioned negative impact.
Effortful control assessed by parental report and laboratory observation and adjustment in early childhood
Authors: Pereira Ana Maria , Pereira Ana Isabel , Marques Teresa
Published: July 2021

Effortful control is a key aspect of children’s self-regulation showing a remarkable progress in early childhood. This study explored the relationship between effortful control, externalizing and internalizing problems and prosocial behaviour in young children. The sample was composed by 31 Portuguese children, aged between 3 and 6-years-old, and their parents. Effortful control was assessed by behavioural tasks (Tower of Patience, Bead Sorting) and the very short form of the Child Behavior Questionnaire administered to the parents. Internalizing and externalizing problems, as well as prosocial behaviour, were measured through the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, answered by the parents. The results show that higher levels of effortful control are related to less externalizing problems and higher levels of prosocial behaviour. No significant associations were found between effortful control and internalizing problems. The mechanisms that may explain the different patterns of associations between effortful control and internalizing and externalizing problems in early childhood are discussed.
Stereotypes, emotions, and behaviours in intergroup context in Portugal
Authors: Nascimento Teresa , Bianchi Mauro
Published: July 2021

Stereotype content has been much studied since the classic study by Katz and Braly (1933). The results obtained in these studies have been fundamental to building more complex experiments in order to explore the formation, purpose and maintenance of stereotypes. In Portugal, to our knowledge, the existing studies are quite scarce, and in some cases non-existent, particularly related to some social groups of interest. Furthermore, continuous social changes may bring variation in the meaning and importance of each attribute. The goal of this study is to explore and pre-test the stereotype content of 12 social groups in Portugal. Ninety-eight participants recruited online via social media responded to 35 stereotypic traits and their valence, 21 emotions and 12 behavioural tendencies related to these social groups. The results allow not only the selection of, for each group, the stereotypic traits, emotions, and behavioural tendencies that are significantly different from the midpoint of the scale, but also the identification of traits, emotions and behavioural tendencies that best seem to differentiate the different groups.
Behavior as a stereotype cue: An European Portuguese pretest on age and gender stereotypes
Authors: Cipriano Margarida , Vaz André Ribeiro , Rolho Jéssica , Santos Ana Sofia , Carneiro Paula
Published: July 2021

When it comes to the study of stereotypes, plenty of material can be of use. While personality traits tend to be the most commonly adopted, behavioral information can also be relevant, both in the study of stereotypes, as well as in other research fields (e.g., illusory correlations, memory and judgement and decision making). The purpose of this paper was to create a readily available list of behavioral sentences with stereotypicality ratings for both age (young to old) and gender (woman to man) categories, to be used in future studies. In two studies, participants judged age and gender stereotypicality of more than two hundred sentences in European Portuguese. Results were stable across both studies, using different methodologies (three alternative forced-choice task, in Study 1; bipolar rating scale, in Study 2). Relative frequencies for each choice, as well as average ratings, per behavior, are provided at the end.
Стратегии миграции врачей в периферийные муниципальные образования (на примере Тверской области)
Authors: Андреева Екатерина Александровна , Карачурина Лилия Борисовна
Published: July 2021

На основе пятнадцати биографических интервью с переехавшими на периферию врачами, а также восьми интервью с экспертами в сфере здравоохранения, были выделены пять стратегий переезда врачей в нестоличные муниципальные образования Тверской области. Основаниями для выделения стратегий являются выталкивающие и притягивающие факторы переезда и социально-демографические характеристики врачей-мигрантов. Так, стратегия «Где родился, там и пригодился» связана с возвращением врачей в родной населенный пункт для работы сразу после окончания вуза из-за невозможности закрепиться в крупных городах, востребованности межпоколенческой поддержки членов расширенной семьи, а также наличия жилья. «Миграция вслед» — миграция на периферию вслед за супругом или супругой.  «Вынужденных» мигрантов стимулирует для переезда на периферию кризис на родине: военный, экономический, семейный и возможности облегченной по сравнению с региональными центрами адаптации на периферии. В рамках стратегии «Карьеристы» молодых врачей из крупных городов и столичных регионов привлекают возможности получения опыта, а врачей среднего или предпенсионного возраста — получение высокой административной должности. Стратегия «За миллионом» позволяет врачам получить материальное вознаграждение: жилье или компенсационные выплаты. При этом врачи из крупных и столичных городов нередко выбирают перемещения в ежедневном режиме (маятниковую миграцию) — между местом работы, которое является официальным местом жительства для участия в Программе «Земский доктор», и фактическим местом проживания. А врачи, имеющие опыт проживания в нестоличных, малых городах и сельской местности, выбирают переезд на временной или постоянной основе. Для них переезд на периферию связан с меньшими издержками, а существующие программы позволяют улучшить уровень и условия жизни, что увеличивает вероятность закрепления таких врачей-мигрантов на периферии.
Благодарность. Исследование осуществлено в рамках Программы фундаментальных исследований НИУ ВШЭ в 2021 г.
Стратегии занятости рабочих в период пандемии COVID-19
Authors: Андреева Юлия Витальевна , Лукьянова Евгения Львовна
Published: July 2021

Цель статьи — рассмотреть стратегии занятости рабочих промышленной сферы. На материалах 75 глубинных интервью, проведенных в Ульяновской области осенью 2020 г., показываются особенности проявлений стабильной и неустойчивой занятости в условиях пандемии COVID-19, когда ситуация на местном рынке труда значительно ухудшилась. Анализируются негативные последствия, с которыми столкнулись рабочие в этот период. Отмечается, что даже те участники исследования, которые продолжали работать во время самоизоляции, ощутили ухудшение своего материального положения. Авторы приходят к выводу, что «первая волна» пандемии, пришедшаяся в Ульяновской области на лето 2020 г., не привела к кардинальной смене стратегий занятости рабочих, но обострила проблемы трудового неравенства, расширила спектр практик неформального сотрудничества с работодателями.
Благодарность. Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ в рамках научного проекта № 20-04-60221 «Стратегии поведения рабочих на рынке труда в сложных эпидемиологических условиях».
Труд доулы, публичный и интимный: профессиональная забота, самоорганизация и активизм
Authors: Ожиганова Анна Александровна
Published: July 2021

Доулы — это новая профессиональная группа, чьей задачей считается оказание физической, эмоциональной и информационной поддержки женщине в перинатальный период (перед, во время и после родов). В России доулы появились совсем недавно, около десяти лет назад, но они уже успели достичь узнаваемости как независимые перинатальные специалисты. Рассмотрение доул как новой «заботящейся» профессии помещает нас в центр актуальной дискуссии о способах концептуализации заботы и статусе профессиональных групп, предоставляющих услуги по эмоционально вовлеченному уходу, инициированную феминистскими исследователями, выступившими с критикой неовеберианского понимания профессии. В статье рассматриваются такие противоречивые особенности доульского профессионального проекта, как выраженные профессиональные самосознание и самоорганизация (обучение, сертификация, профессиональные объединения) при отсутствии официального статуса; апелляция к медицинскому знанию при отсутствии соответствующего образования; сочетание «интимной работы» и активистской деятельности. Исследование основано на полевых материалах, прежде всего углубленных интервью с представительницами российского доульского сообщества.
Благодарность: Статья подготовлена в рамках гранта, предоставленного Министерством науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации (№ соглашения о предоставлении гранта: 075-15-2020-910).
Sharply transitive sets in PGL2(K)
Authors: Eberhard Sean
Published: July 2021

Here is a simplified proof that every sharply transitive subset of PGL2(K) is a coset of a subgroup, for every finite field K.
Circular Motion and Circular Thought: A Synthetic Approach to the Fifth Element in Aristotle’s de Philosophia and de Caelo
Authors: van Buren Franziska
Published: July 2021

Scholars have long considered de Philosophia and de Caelo to be in contradiction regarding the nature of the heavenly bodies, particularly with respect to the activity proper to the element composing them. According to the accounts we have of de Philosophia, Aristotle seems to have put forth that stars move because they have minds, and, according to Cicero’s account of the lost text, they choose their actions out of free will. In de Caelo, however, Aristotle seems only to consider that stars engage in the activity of circular motion because it is in their nature to do so, as it is in the nature of, e.g. fire to move upwards or Earth to move downwards. In this paper, I argue against the longstanding view that there is an incompatibility between these two “early” cosmological texts of Aristotle. I aim to show that these two texts endorse complementary, not contradictory, views of the heavenly bodies. I argue that in de Philosophia, Aristotle attributes to stars the intellective counterpart of the spatial motion which is developed in greater depth in de Caelo, while in de Caelo, we see hints of Aristotle’s view in de Philosophia that the stars are also minds and are able to rationally cognize their particular good – a point which is shown in de Caelo 292a18–293a14, where Aristotle attributes both life and praxis to the heavenly bodies. The overarching view which I present of these two texts is that while de Caelo approaches the heavenly bodies qua bodies and de Philosophia approaches them qua minds, they are still examining one and the same substance and that Aristotle has not changed his mind regarding the basic nature of such a substance in the (supposed) interim between writing de Philosophia and de Caelo. Rather, we find echoes of de Caelo in de Philosophia, and echoes of de Philosophia in de Caelo, which speaks to the fact that Aristotle maintains one view of the heavenly bodies which he presents over the course of these two texts.
Constitutive Modeling of Nonlinear Rheological Behavior of Carbon Nanotube-Filled Polypropylene Nanocomposites
Authors: Pole S. S. , Isayev A. I. , Zhong J.
Published: July 2021

The rheological behavior of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-filled polypropylene (PP) nanocomposites with different filler loadings was experimentally studied and simulated using constitutive modeling. Rheological behavior was characterized in small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) flow, large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS) flow, startup of shear flow, steady shear flow, and stress relaxation after the imposition of a step shear strain. Virgin PP and PP with CNT loadings of 1, 3, and 5 wt% were used. The formation of a rheological percolation network was observed at these loadings. The Leonov and Simhambhatla-Leonov models were used to simulate the rheological behavior. In the linear region, the simulations provided good predictions of the experimental data for both the unfilled and filled PP. In the nonlinear region, the simulations also provided good results for the virgin PP and satisfactory results for the PP/1 wt%CNT nanocomposite under most flow conditions. However, for the other two nanocomposites the model showed mixed results.
Microsphere-assisted manipulation of a single Ag nanowire
Authors: Zhang Weina , Wen Mingcong , Liu Pu , Yang Guowei , Lei Hongxiang
Published: July 2021

Metal nanowires are promising building blocks for optoelectronic nanodevices, so their independent and precise manipulation is urgently needed. However, the direct optical manipulation methods are severely hampered due to the high absorption and scattering characteristics of the metal nanowires. Here, a microsphere-assisted indirect optical manipulation method is proposed, and precise manipulation of a single Ag nanowire is demonstrated in liquid. The microsphere is actuated to rotate to generate a microvortex by dynamic optical traps. Under the action of shear stress, the Ag nanowire within the microvortex can be controllably rotated and accurately orientated. By manipulating the position of the microsphere using a single optical trap, a precise positioning of the nanowire can be achieved under the action of pushing force. On this basis, the Ag nanowire-based structures were assembled. This indirect optical manipulation avoids the direct interaction between the light and the nanowires, which makes it independent of both the laser (power, wavelength) and the nanowire (material, size, and shape). Hence, the microsphere-assisted manipulation method is simple and general for independent and precise manipulation of a single nanowire, which is of great significance to the fabrication of optoelectronic nanodevices.
Disoriented and Alone in the “Experience Machine” – On Netflix, Shared World Deceptions and the Consequences of Deepening Algorithmic Personalization
Authors: Brincker Maria
Published: July 2021

Most online platforms are becoming increasingly algorithmically personalized. The question is if these practices are simply satisfying users preferences or if something is lost in this process. This article focuses on how to reconcile the personalization with the importance of being able to share cultural objects – including fiction – with others. In analyzing two concrete personalization examples from the streaming giant Netflix, several tendencies are observed. One is to isolate users and sometimes entirely eliminate shared world aspects. Another tendency is to blur the boundary between shared cultural objects and personalized content, which can be misleading and disorienting. A further tendency is for personalization algorithms to be optimized to deceptively prey on desires for content that mirrors one’s own lived experience. Some specific – often minority targeting – “clickbait” practices received public blowback. These practices show disregard both for honest labeling and for our desires to have access and representation in a shared world. The article concludes that personalization tendencies are moving towards increasingly isolating and disorienting interfaces, but that platforms could be redesigned to support better social world orientation.