bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Presurgical Orthopedics Has No Effect on Archform in Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Adali Nazan , Mars Michael , Petrie Aviva , Noar Joe , Sommerlad Brian
Published: August 2011

Objective

Evaluation of the effect of presurgical orthopedics on maxillary archform up to 6 months of age.

Design

Retrospective, single-blinded, case-control study.

Participants

Study model sets of 75 infants with consecutive, nonsyndromic, complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (excluding Simonart bands) from 1995 to 2005.

Interventions

All patients (PSO group, n = 14; non-PSO group, n = 61) received lip repair/vomer flap at 3 months and soft palate repair at 6 months by the same consultant surgeon. The two groups were comparable at birth ( p > .01) in all archform variables.

Main Outcome Measures

Sixteen variables were computed, following single-blinded analysis using the Reflex Microscope to describe the archform in the transverse, anteroposterior, and vertical dimensions and the arch circumference. Data were analyzed using a repeated-measures hierarchical analysis of variance with a significance level of 1%.

Results

Repeatability studies showed good measurement precision. Presurgical orthopedics produced no statistically significant mean change in any archform variable when compared with the non-PSO group. The difference in the mean reduction in the alveolar cleft width between the groups was 0.69 mm (95% confidence interval, −0.89 to 2.28 mm, p = .52). Lip repair produced greater change in archform than did presurgical orthopedics, reducing the mean alveolar cleft width by 4.45 mm (95% confidence interval, 3.53 to 5.37 mm; p < .001).

Conclusions

There was no evidence that presurgical orthopedics produced any significant effect on archform, raising questions for its continued use in this context. Lip repair had a greater impact on arch dimensions than did presurgical orthopedics.
Perceptions of the Impact of Chief Executive Leadership Style on Organizational Performance Through Successful Enterprise Resource Planning
Authors: Huang Chen-Mei , Hsu Ping-Yu , Chiau Wen-Lung
Published: August 2011

Leadership has been recognized as a major factor in project success and this has been empirically validated throughout many fields. However, chief executive officer leadership style has seldom been discussed in depth in the context of enterprise resource planning (ERP) project success.
In this study a survey was carried out with 368 Taiwanese companies that had previously implemented ERP systems over a 1-year period. Three transformational leadership styles – charisma, individual consideration, and intellectual stimulation – are discussed. The results indicate
that only a charismatic leadership style has a substantially positive effect on organizational performance, especially through the successful implementation of ERP. Managerial implications and suggestions are discussed based on findings.
Young Students' Success and Failure Attributions in Language Learning
Authors: Sahinkarakas Sehnaz
Published: August 2011

The factors that affect young students' successes and failures in learning a foreign language with specific focus on the role of perceived causal attributions were examined. The content of self-assessment papers of 52 young learners studying English was analyzed to investigate the students'
success and failure attributions. It was found that both attributions were linked mostly to internal and unstable factors, with listening to the teacher and doing homework being the most significant. The results highlight the importance of language teachers' awareness of their students' attributions.
Perceptual Fluency and Preference Reversal
Authors: Ke Xue , Lin Shengdong , Cai Xiaoqing
Published: August 2011

We examined how perceptual fluency affects risk preference judgments and explored 1 important boundary condition for its effect. All participants were presented with a lottery scenario that required them to choose between a lottery ticket and a coupon that they could redeem when making
a purchase or to set a price at which they would sell the same lottery ticket. Perceptual fluency was elicited by asking participants to read the scenario set out in a way that was either easy or difficult to understand. The results showed that when the likelihood of getting a desirable outcome
was relatively high, participants who experienced decreased perceptual fluency tended to be risk aversive in the choice task but risk seeking in the pricing task. Accordingly, several mechanisms are discussed that potentially underlie this preference reversal effect along with theoretical
and practical implications of our findings.
Sexual Self-Labels and Personality Differences Among Chinese Lesbians
Authors: Zheng Yong , Zheng Lijun
Published: August 2011

Distinctions are commonly made regarding preferences for active or receptive sexual roles within the Chinese lesbian community. Three sexual self-labels are typically specified among Chinese lesbians: “T”, meaning a lesbian who prefers the active role, “P”, meaning
a lesbian who prefers the receptive role, and “H”, meaning a lesbian without a strong preference for either role. The aim in this study was to examine personality differences within Chinese lesbian sexual self-labeled groups. Among the participants, comprising 217 Chinese lesbians,
significant differences were found between sexual self-labeled groups in gender-related and Big Five traits. Ts scored higher than Ps in masculinity and self-ascribed masculinity/femininity; Ps scored higher than Ts in femininity; Hs gained intermediate scores in a gender-related traits compared
to those of Ts and Ps. There were significant differences in the Big Five traits of extraversion, conscientiousness, and emotional stability among the self-labeled groups. Sexual self-labels appear not only to distinguish sexual behavior patterns but may also suggest personality differences
among Chinese lesbians.
Effects of concentration of sodium chloride solution on the pitting corrosion behavior of AISI 304L austenitic stainless steel
Authors: Asaduzzaman M.D. , Mohammad Chand , Mayeedul Islam
Published: August 2011

The pitting corrosion behavior of the austenitic stainless steel in aqueous
chloride solution was investigated using electrochemical technique.
Corrosion potential (Ecorr) measurement, potentiodynamic experiments,
potential-hold experiments in the passive range, and microscopic examination
were used for the evaluation of corrosion characteristics. The experimental
parameters were chloride ion concentration, immersion time and anodic-hold
potential. Ecorr measurements along with microscopic examinations suggest
that in or above 3.5 % NaCl at pH 2 pitting took place on the surface in
absence of applied potential after 6 hour immersion. The potentiodynamic
experiment reveals that Ecorr and pitting potential (Epit) decreased and
current density in the passive region increased with the increase of
chloride ion concentrations. A linear relationship between Epit and chloride
ion concentrations was found in this investigation. The analysis of the
results suggests that six chloride ions are involved for the dissolution of
iron ion in the pitting corrosion process of austenitic stainless steel.
Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis
Authors: Janicijevic-Petrovic Mirjana , Sreckovic Suncica , Petrovic Nenad , Sarenac Tatjana
Published: August 2011

Introduction. Keratocnjunctivitis is corneal and conjunctival inflammation
Clinical signs involve the irritating trio: mixed hyperemia of conjunctival
membranes, corneal subepthelial infiltrates and regional lymphadenopathy. The
most common causes of epidemic are adenovirus, herpes virus, and rarely
cytomegalovirus, which are now occurring with higher frequency as secondary
infections. Objective. The aim of the study was to present and analyze
keratoconjunctival epidemics in the region of Kragujevac from September 2008
to February 2009, as well as to analyze clinical features related to
virusological findings and etiology. Methods. In 329 patients we performed
clinical examination (biomicroscopy, fluorescent test, corneal sensitivity
test), collecting standard specimen of the conjuctiva and cornea, made
serological examination, and sent the specimens to the Virusology Institute
?Torlak? in Belgrade for the confirmation of epidemic etiology. The patients
were treated with local and symptomatological therapy. The epidemic was
eradicated in cooperation with a regional referent institution. All
outpatients activities were ceased, while hospital hygienic, sanitary,
intra-, extra-hospital and therapeutic procedures were undertaken. Results.
The distribution of 329 patients by gender was equivalent. Most patients were
aged from 27 to 34 years (25 %) of working population. The distribution of
patients by clinical features showed the predominance of follicular
hyperplasy (93.62%). The distribution according to the time of the first
symptoms onset showed the frequency of 50% of corneal infiltrate in the
second week. The period elapsed from the diagnosis to cure was three weeks in
50% of patients. Serological tests confirmed the mixed distribution of the
cause. Conclusion. Based on the authors? experience, in order to eradicate
epidemics as fast as possible and achieve efficient treatment, it is
recommended that the epidemic should be reported, guidelines of referent
institutions be obeyed, all of which diminishes the recognizable professional
risk and decreases mistakes.
The impact of hearing loss on the quality of life in adults
Authors: Tatovic Milica , Babac Snezana , Djeric Dragoslava , Anicic Ruzica , Ivankovic Zoran
Published: August 2011

Introduction. The hearing apparatus is one of the most important factors
related to the development of oral communication. Thus, hearing disorders and
deafness lead to severe handicap. Hearing impairment in adults cause verbal
communication disorders that influence psychical, emotional and social
functioning. Nowadays, there is a noticeable world tendency towards improving
hard of hearing person?s quality of life. Objective. Objective was to assess
the association between hearing impairment and health-related quality of
life. Methods. A hundred adults with billateral hearing impairment underwent
hearing examination and answered the Hering Handicap Inventory for the
Elderly-Screening (HHIE-S, Ventry and Weinstein), specific for hearing
impairment. Results. Almost half of all participants (44%) had a moderate
hearing loss, and 36% had a mild loss. Infrequently, participants had a
severe degree of hearing loss (13%) and deafness (7%). Self reported hearing
handicap revealed significant emotional, social and situational dysfunctions
(?2=40.960; df=1; p<0.01). Severity of hearing loss was significantly
correlated with hearing handicap (r=0.212; p<0.05). More often, participants
revealed social and situational than emotional hearing handicap (?2=131.89;
df=100; p<0.05). Only 12% of all participants habitually used hearing aids,
and they observed a significantly better quality of life scores (?2=6.23;
df=1; p<0.05). Conclusion. Health-related quality of life must be estimated
as a factor of great importance. Investigations should involve a more
extansive population with hearing loss and a national programme should be
started.
Integrated approach to prevention and control of cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Rakic Dusica , Jakovljevic Djordje
Published: August 2011

Introduction. From 1984 to 2004, the city of Novi Sad participated in the
international MONICA (Multinational MONItoring of trends and determinants in
CArdiovascular disease) project, as one of the 38 research centres form 21
countries around the world and in CINDI (Countrywide Integrated
Noncommunicable Disease Intervention Programme) programme. Objective.
Objective was to indicate the advantages of the integrated approach to
prevention and control of the cardiovascular disease (CVD) over
mono-programmes and still present curative approach. Additional objective was
the assessment of the vulnerability from the leading risk factors of the
population of Novi Sad, based on the results and experience gained in
realization of international projects. Methods. We analyzed the results
obtained in the countries where MONICA project and CINDI programme have been
applied. The results of their application in Novi Sad are analyzed (the trend
of the prevalence of risk factors, the incidence of coronary and
cerebrovascular events). Results. The prevalence of risk factors (except
smoking), the incidence of coronary and cerebrovascular events are
significantly increasing and are in positive correlation with the values of
the linear trend. The decrease was only recorded in 1987 (the implementation
of the intervention programme). Conclusion. The review of results and
experiences in international projects and programs, clearly indicate the
advantage of an integrated approach to prevention and control of CVD in
relation to monoprograme. The great vulnerability of the population of Novi
Sad of the risk factors of CVD points out the necessity of their reductions
by the principles of integrated programmes of prevention and control.
Abdominal aortic surgery and renal anomalies
Authors: Ilic Nikola , Dragas Marko , Koncar Igor , Jakovljevic Nenad , Banzic Igor , Markovic Miroslav , Davidovic Lazar
Published: August 2011

Introduction. Kidney anomalies present a challenge even for the most
experienced vascular surgeon in the reconstruction of the aortoilliac
segment. The most significant anomalies described in the surgery of the
aortoilliac segment are a horse-shoe and ectopic kidney. Objective. The aim
of this retrospective study was to analyze experience on 40 patients with
renal anomalies, who underwent surgery of the aortoilliac segment and to
determine attitudes on conventional surgical treatment. Methods. In the
period from 1992 to 2009, at the Clinic for Vascular Surgery of the Clinical
Centre of Belgrade we operated on 40 patients with renal anomalies and aortic
disease (aneurysmatic and obstructive). The retrospective analysis involved
standard epidemiological data of each patient (gender, age, risk factors for
atherosclerosis, type of anomaly, type of aortic disease, presurgical
parameter values of renal function), type of surgical approach (laparatomy or
retroperitoneal approach), classification of the renal isthmus,
reimplantation of renal arteries and perioperative morbidity and mortality.
Results. Twenty patients were males In 30 (70%) patients we diagnosed a
horse-shoe kidney and in 10 (30%) ectopic kidney. In the cases of ruptured
aneurysm of the abdominal aorta the diagnosis was made by ultrasound
findings. Pre-surgically, renal anomalies were confirmed in all patients,
except in those with a ruptured aneurysm who underwent urgent surgery. In all
patients we applied medial laparatomy, except in those with a
thoracoabdominal aneurysm type IV, when the retroperitonal approach was
necessary. On average the patients were under follow-up for 6.2 years (from 6
months to 17 years). Conclusion. Under our conditions, the so-called double
clamp technique with the preservation of the kidney gave best results in the
patients with renal anomalies and aortic disease.
Obesity and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Cekerevac Ivan , Lazic Zorica
Published: August 2011

Introduction. Nutritional abnormalities have one of the most important
systematic effects on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A
relationship between COPD and obesity has been observed and recognized. In
COPD patients, beside changes in the total body weight, changes in body
composition are also possible with the loss of fat-free mass (FFM).
Objective. This study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of obesity and
the change of body composition on the pulmonary function, dyspnoea level and
the quality of life in COPD patients. Methods. Seventy-nine patients in the
stable state of COPD were evaluated. Pulmonary function and arterial blood
gas analysis were assessed. Nutritional status was analyzed according to Body
Mass Index (BMI). Body composition was evaluated by using anthropometric
measurement by fat free mass index (FFMI). Quality of life was assessed using
the St. George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). The Visual Analogue Scale
(VAS) was used to evaluate dyspnoea. Results. The highest prevalence of
obesity (50.0%) was found in patients with mild COPD, while the lowest
prevalence was detected in very severe COPD patients (10.0%). The loss of FFM
occurred in 22.2% patients with normal body weight and in 9.0% of overweight
COPD patients. The quality of life was lower in obese patients compared to
other COPD patients. A higher dyspnoea level was also present in obese
patients. The lowest airflow obstruction was in obese patients (p=0.023). We
found a significant positive correlation between forced expiratory volume in
the first second (FEV1%) and BMI (r=0.326, p=0.003), FEV1% and FFMI (r=0.321,
p=0.004). Conclusion. The highest prevalence of obesity was in patients with
mild COPD. Obese patients with COPD had the lowest level of airflow
obstruction, higher dyspnoea level and lower quality of life in comparison to
other COPD patients.
Intraoperative air testing of colorectal anastomoses
Authors: Ivanov Dejan , Cvijanovic Radovan , Gvozdenovic Ljiljana
Published: August 2011

Introduction. Intraoperative anastomotic air testing of stapled colorectal
anastomosis is performed by filling the pelvis with saline solution and
insufflating the rectum with air through a sigmoidoscope. The presence of air
bubbles indicates anastomotic leaks which are resolved during surgery.
Objective. The aim of this prospective, randomized study was to perform a
comparative analysis regarding the number of anastomotic dehiscences in
patients checked by air leak testing and in the control group without air
testing. Methods. After stapled colorectal anastomosis was performed,
patients were randomized into two groups of 30 patients. The first group
patients underwent intraoperative anastomotic air testing, whereas in the
control group this procedure was not performed. The two groups were matched
for age, sex, diagnosis and surgical procedure. Results. Intraoperative air
tests were positive in seven cases and anastomotic defects were repaired.
After surgery, there were three clinical leaks in this group of patients. In
the control group, there were six leaks (Unilateral Fischer?s exact test,
p=0.24). The incidence of colorectal anastomotic dehiscences in the study
group was lower than in the control group by 50%. However, this finding was
not statistically significant in our sample. Conclusion. In our opinion,
intraoperative air testing of colorectal anastomosis is a good method for
prevention of anastomotic dehiscence.
Favourable prognostic factors in therapy related acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Antonijevic Nebojsa , Suvajdzic Nada , Terzic Tatjana , Jakovljevic Branko , Jankovic Gradimir , Elezovic Ivo , Milosevic Rajko , Colovic Milica
Published: August 2011

Introduction. Therapy related acute myeloid leukaemia (t-AML) is a distinct
clinical entity recognized by the World Health Organization classification
occurring after chemotherapy and/or radiation treatment administered for a
previous disease. T-AML is characterised by pancytopenia, three-lineage
myelodysplasia, high frequency of unfavourable cytogenetics and short
survival. Objective. The aim of this study was to analyse clinical,
cytogenetic, and cytological characteristics of t-AML and their impact on
survival. Methods. Seventeen patients with t-AML (8 male and 9 female; median
age 59 years) were identified among 730 consecutive patients with acute
myeloid leukaemia. The degree of three-lineage dysplasia as well as
haematological, cytological and cytogenetic analyses, were assessed by
standard methods. Results. The patients survived a median of 62.5 days with
the 10% probability of survival during two years. Prognostically favourable
factors were a higher percentage of dysplastic granulocytic cells, age less
than 60 years, and presence of prognostically favourable karyotype inv(16),
t(15;17), t(8;21). Conclusion. The stated prognostic factors that include
age, cytogenetics findings and granulocytic dysplasia analysis could
contribute to adequate risk stratification of t-AML, though fuller results
would require additional analyses.
Pornography use and closeness with others in women
Authors: Popovic Miodrag
Published: August 2011

Introduction. Closeness/intimacy and pornography are sometimes linked and
frequently presented as competing with each other. They have been the subject
of some research but many issues in the area remain controversial and
indeterminate. Objective. The aim of this pilot study was to establish
whether female pornography users and non-users? ratings in terms of
socio-emotional closeness differed, i.e. to examine the association between
pornography use and aspects of socio-emotional closeness in a non-clinical
sample of females. Methods. Sixty-six females participated in the study.
Their actual and ideal socioemotional closeness was measured by the Perceived
Interpersonal Closeness Scale/PICS, while their pornography use was examined
by the Background and Pornography Use Information Questionnaire. Potential
links between the two variables and comparisons with the relevant results
obtained by males are presented. Results. The results showed that there were
no significant differences between self-reported female pornography users and
non-users in terms of total closeness numbers and scores and also in specific
socioemotional closeness with the most significant adults in their lives
(i.e., partners, closest friends, mothers and fathers). Conclusion. The
results confirmed that there were differences between females and males?
approaches to pornography and closeness; females had lower interest in
pornography and their use of it had not been associated with higher total
closeness numbers and scores. Due to the participant group?s size (N)
limitations, this sample was rather used for preliminary investigations that
would enable some elementary insight into females? relevant behaviours.
Further investigations of pornography?s complex links with socio-emotional
and sexual closeness on larger samples may allow more reliable comparisons
between gender and pornography users groups.
Macroglossia and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
Authors: Krasic Dragan , Radovic Predrag , Buric Nikola , Krasic Dragana , Pesic Zoran , Videnovic Goran
Published: August 2011

Introduction. In 1963 Beckwith presented a report on the first patient with
extreme cytomegaly of adrenal cortex, hyperplasia of kidneys and pancreas and
Leydig cell hyperplasia. Wiedemann completed description of the new syndrome
by adding umbilical hernia and macroglossia. The diagnosis is made based on
the clinical signs of omphalocele or some other umbilical deformity,
macroglossia, congenital asymmetry, visceromegaly (liver, pancreas, and
kidneys). Case Outline. A 16-month-old male child was admitted for
examination because of macroglossia. He underwent examination on several
occasions by an endocrinologist due to recurrent hypoglycaemic crisis. The
patient was observed by a paediatric neurophysicatrist for disorders of
mental development. Hypoglycaemia, muscular hypotonia of the anterior
abdominal wall with umbilical hernia and macroglossia were observed by
clinical examination. Inratraoral examination revealed macroglossia with
microstomia, suckling and swallowing difficulties, hypotonia of the
perioral muscles with increased salivation. It was therefore decided to
perform surgical reduction of the prominent tongue and develop good condition
for nutrition, speech function and the development of orofacial system.
Conclusion. The diagnosis of macroglossia is based on subjective clinical
criteria such as the morphology and amount of protrusion of the tongue,
difficulty in articulating sounds, breathing, and hypersalivation. Some
authors have suggested that the tongue size may be analyzed radiographically
with a cephalogram. Treatment of macroglossia is controversial because of the
absence of objective clinical criteria.
The importance of echocardiography in diagnostics of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension: A case report
Authors: Stojkovic Gabrijela , Mladenov Suncica , Jovanovic Dimitrije , Stankovic Aleksandar , Deljanin-Ilic Marina , Ristic Arsen
Published: August 2011

Introduction. Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is rare and
difficult progressive disease with prevalence of approximately 15 cases per
million residents, with predominant female cases. Case Outline. A 47-year-old
female presented with symptoms and signs of the right heart chambers failure.
Over prior seven years the patient had the feeling of suffocation and fatigue
when walking, and received treatment for bronchial asthma. Physical
examination revealed a marked loud second heart sound over the pulmonary
artery. Electrocardiogram: right ventricular hypertrophy. Spirometric
(pulmonary capacity) test, cardiac perfusion scan and spiral CT scanning
excluded secondary pulmonary arterial hypertension. Blood testing for
connective tissue diseases and HIV were within normal reference limits.
Transthoracic colour Doppler echocardiography demonstrated a mild tricuspid
regurgitation with high values of estimated maximal and middle systolic
pressure of the right ventricle (135/110 mm Hg), and excluded previous heart
disease. Cardiac catheterization confirmed IPAH diagnosis, with systolic
right ventricular pressure of 101/47/66 mm Hg and pulmonary capillary
pressure of 30/13/10 mm Hg. Basic therapy with sildenafil, nevertheless,
considerable limitations of strain tolerance was still present. Conclusion.
IPAH is a severe heart disease with non-specific signs and symptoms.
Screening for IPAH is transthoracic colour Doppler echocardiography shows
high correlation with cardiac catheterization.
Giant haemorrhagic (pseudo)cyst of the pancreas of unknown aetiology
Authors: Colovic Radoje , Grubor Nikica , Micev Marjan , Latincic Stojan , Colovic Natasa , Kaitovic Marko , Perisic Mirjana
Published: August 2011

Introduction. Cystic lesions of the pancreas are frequent. Most frequently
their aetiology can be easily established. It is very rare that the nature
and aetiology of these lesions cannot be reliably established. Case Outline.
A 40-year-old male without trauma, alcohol abuse, acute or chronic
pancreatitis in illness history was successfully operated on for a
haemorrhagic (pseudo)cyst of the back wall of the pancreas tail containing
4.5 litres of haemorrhagic content. The cyst did not contain either
epithelium or tumour stroma, and the pancreas did not show any changes of
acute or chronic pancreatitis. Hystology did not show signs of angiectatic
pseudocyst. Conclusion. In spite of all efforts, the authors could not
establish the real nature of the (pseudo)cyst of the pancreas or find a
similar case described in the literature. Nevertheless, the authors believe
that it was probably an angiectatic cyst.
Intestinal mucin dynamic and leukocytic responses of chickens infected with Eimeria acervulina and fed oregano supplemented diet
Authors: Major Peter , Revajová Viera , Levkut Martin , Ševčíková Zuzana , Spišáková Viera , Faixová Zita , Levkutová Mária , Kožárová Ivona , Goldová Mária , Levkut Mikuláš
Published: August 2011

We studied the effect of oregano supplemented diet on mucin dynamics in small intestine, peripheral blood leukocytes, and jejunal immunocompetent cells in ROSS 308 hybrid broilers infected withEimeria acervulinachickens’ oocyst. From the day of hatching chicks of groups 1 and 2 were fed a commercial diet without anticoccidial drug, the diet of group 3 was supplemented with oregano (0.707g·kg-1), and that of group 4 with anticoccidial drug (Robenidin hydrochloride – 33 mg·kg-1). Chickens of groups 2, 3, and 4 were inoculated withE. acervulinaoocysts (25.103) on day 12. The samples were collected on 3, 10, 17 days post infection (dpi). In blood on 3 dpi significant increase of leukocytes was found in group 3 compared to groups 1, 2, and 4, higher density of IgM+ cells in group 3 than group 2, and on 10 dpi phagocytic activity of group 3 was higher than group 1. Number of jejunal CD4+ and CD8+ cells in group 3 was consistent with values in group 4, despite higher density ofE. acervulinameronts on 10 dpi. The quantity of jejunal mucin adherent layer of group 3 was similar to that in group 4. Counts of oocysts in faeces were lower in group 3 than group 2. Results suggest that dietary supplementation of oregano to chickens infected withE. acervulinahas a modulating effect on some blood indicators and functions of phagocytes. The beneficial effect of oregano components on jejunal mucin quantity and its turnover is the first finding published in relation to oregano and coccidia.
The effect of buserelin injection 12 days after insemination on selected reproductive characteristics in cows
Authors: Ataman Mehmet B. , Erdem Hüseyin , Bülbül Bülent , Ümütlü Seyit , Çolak Mehmet
Published: August 2011

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of buserelin injection on day 12 postinsemination on fertility in lactating dairy cattle. A total of 57 cows were assigned to two groups and four subgroups. In the treatment group, the cows were synchronized with PGF2α-PGF2α (group A) or GnRH-PGF2α (group B) protocol, and buserelin was injected on day 12 postinsemination. Cows in the control group were synchronized with PGF2α-PGF2α (group C) or GnRH-PGF2α (group D) protocol, saline solution was injected on day 12, and served as controls. Pregnancy rates on day 21 and 45 and embryonic death rates were 85.7%, 71.4% and 16.7%, 85.7%, 85.7% and 0.0%, 73.3%, 62.1% and 27.3% and 85.7%, 71.4% and 16.7% in groups A, B, C and D, respectively. There was no significant difference between synchronization protocols for pregnancy rates, and among groups A, B, C and D for pregnancy rates and embryonic death rates. Mean progesterone concentrations in pregnant cows in groups A and B were higher than that in groups C and D, respectively, on day 18 and 21 (p < 0.05). In conclusion, GnRH injection on day 12 postinsemination increased the plasma progesterone concentrations on day 18 and 21 postinsemination. However, it did not alter the pregnancy rates and prevent embryonic deaths.
Limitations of ultrasound guided follicular aspiration for analysis of ovarian follicular fluid in dairy cattle
Authors: Čech Svatopluk , Indrová Eva , Lopatářová Miloslava , Malá Jana , Pechová Alena , Doležel Radovan
Published: August 2011

The aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of ovum pick-up equipment for follicular fluid collection from various follicular structures (experiment 1) and for recovery of follicular fluid for acid-base balance analysis (experiment 2). An ultrasound scanner equipped with a 5-MHz convex transducer was used for transvaginal ultrasound-guided follicular aspiration. A 17-gauge, 60-cm aspiration needle was connected with a shortened aspiration line. The fluid was aspirated manually into a 2 ml plastic syringe at a speed of approximately 0.2 ml/s. The success of aspiration was higher in ovarian cysts (100%) and single follicles larger than 13 mm (76.7%) compared to single follicles smaller than 12 mm (20%,p< 0.001). The success of aspiration of multiple follicles on day 4 (diameter of 7–9 mm) was higher (90.9%) compared to follicles on day 2 (diameter of 4-6 mm) (66.7%,p< 0.05) in experiment 1. The fluid from ovarian cysts > 25 mm in diameter was aspirated in a two-step procedure (samples 1 and 2) for the determination of pH, HCO3,BE, pCO2and pO2(experiment 2). The indicators were compared between samples 1 and 2. Higher pO2as well as pH and lower pCO2in sample 1 compared to sample 2 showed insufficient anaerobic conditions during the first phase of the puncture in experiment 2. Our study brings for the first time the finding that the ovum pick-up equipment used in our experiments is suitable for the collection of follicular fluid only from larger follicular structures. The sampling of follicular fluid for acid-base balance assays requires the development of a special new device to prevent samples from coming into contact with air during aspiration.
The effect of breed, sex and aging time on tenderness of beef meat
Authors: Hanzelková Šárka , Simeonovová Jana , Hampel David , Dufek Aleš , Šubrt Jan
Published: August 2011

Our study was conducted to determine the effect of production factors (breed, sex) and aging time on the textural properties of beef using instrumental measurement of tenderness. Meat was obtained from Galloway, Simmental, Charolais, Czech Fleckvieh breeds and their crossbreeds. Meat was either unaged or aged for 14, 28 or 42 days. The tenderness was characterized by Warner-Bratzler test and compression test using Tira-test device. The cooking loss of meat juice was also evaluated. Analysis of variance at 5% significance level showed that tenderness was influenced by all tested factors (breed, sex, aging time). The shear force decreased with aging of meat. The correlation between shear force and compression test was 0.257 (p ≤ 0.001). The differences in tenderness were found among breeds. The highest initial shear force was measured in Simmental (151.98 N). Compression test showed better tenderness in Czech Fleckvieh and Galloway than in Simmental, Charolais and crossbreeds. Meat from bulls was significantly (p ≤ 0.001) less tender than from heifers. There was a significant (p ≤ 0.001) increase of cooking loss of meat juice during aging from 25.3% after slaughter to 34.0% after aging period. The research results could be useful for determination whether specific cattle breeds can produce tender meat with good aging patterns. According to findings of the current study it is especially necessary to emphasize that factor of aging time exceeded the influence of breed and sex on tenderness. The study also suggests extending of aging period to 6 week to assure tenderness of beef.
Energy value of meat in selected species of feathered game
Authors: Vitula František , Suchý Pavel , Straková Eva , Karásková Kateřina , Zapletal David , Kroupa Leo
Published: August 2011

The aim of this work was to compare gross energy (GE) in breast and thigh muscles in the following six species of feathered game reared in Europe: guineafowl (Numida meleagris), common pheasant (Phasianus colchicus), Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica), chukar (Alectoris chucar), grey partridge (Perdix perdix) and wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo). Calorimetric analysis revealed significant (P ≤ 0.05) and highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) differences between individual species in the content of energy in breast and thigh muscles. The highest content of energy (recalculated to dry matter) was found in breast muscles from wild turkey (24.75 MJ·kg-1) and Japanese quail (24.57 MJ·kg-1) whereas the highest content of energy (recalculated to dry matter) in thigh muscles was found in Japanese quail and grey partridge. Highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) differences in the energy content were also found between breast and thigh muscles in all studied game species except for wild turkey. Differences in the content of energy in muscles between individual species occur mainly due to different contents of fat in muscles. This is also confirmed by high correlation coefficients between the content of energy and the content of fat in breast (r = 0.912) and thigh muscles (r = 0.878). Our study provides more specific data on the amount of energy in muscles of major species of feathered game reared in Europe and significantly extends current knowledge in this field.
Concentration of trace elements in raw milk depending on the lactation period and age of cows
Authors: Górska Alina , Oprządek Krystyna
Published: August 2011

Concentrations of iron, zinc, manganese and copper in milk from cows of Polish Holstein – Friesian Black-White breed kept on five farms located in the southern Podlasie region in Poland were determined and analysed depending on the lactation period and age of cows. Milk samples were taken separately from each cow, 18 samples from one farm. A total of 90 milk samples were taken. Cows were in three age classes (lactation number): 1, 2-3 and >3, and four lactation periods (duration): ): ≤ 100, 101–200, 201–305 and > 305 days). The concentration of trace elements in milk was determined using atomic absorption spectrometry method. Average concentrations of the elements in 1 kg of fresh milk were the following: iron 173 ± 84 µg, zinc 3.6 ± 0.9 mg, manganese 27 ± 17 µg and copper 40 ± 23 µg. A relation between the age of cows and the concentrations of iron was observed. The lowest contents of iron (145 ± 72 µg·kg-1) were observed in the milk from the youngest cows in their first lactation, whereas the highest contents (217 ± 70 µg·kg-1) were observed in the milk from the oldest cows above the third lactation. No relation between the age of cows and the concentrations of zinc, manganese and copper in milk was observed. Similarly, no significant differences between the contents of these elements in different lactation periods were observed. Study on factors influencing the concentrations of trace elements in cow milk were undertaken because researches on the subject are not numerous.
Quality of raw milk from a farm with automatic milking system in the Czech Republic
Authors: Janštová Bohumíra , Dračková Michaela , Dlesková Kateřina , Cupáková Šárka , Necidová Lenka , Navrátilová Pavlína , Vorlová Lenka
Published: August 2011

The aim of this study was to assess the quality of raw cow’s milk from an automatic milking system. Samples of milk (48) were analyzed chemically and microbiologically and the somatic cell count, freezing point and inhibitor residues were determined. For comparison purposes, milk analysis data from two farms using conventional machine milking and 2008 milk analysis report data for the Czech Republic were used. All physical and chemical characteristics of the study samples were within the established limits. The average content (%) of chemical indicators was following: fat 3.79 ± 0.18, protein 3.46 ± 0.06, casein 2.67 ± 0.09, lactose 4.82 ± 0.04 and NFS 8.96 ± 0.11. The values for freezing point and somatic cells count were 221 ± 46.103·ml-1 and -0.521 ± 0.003 °C respectively. No inhibitor residue was detected in any of the samples. Microbiological values were lower than the limits: the total microbial count (2.3·104 CFU·ml-1), psychrotrophic count (6.3·103 CFU·ml-1), coliform count (2.4·101 CFU·ml-1), Escherichia coli count (3.2·101 CFU·ml-1), enterococci count (8.5·101 CFU·ml-1) and Staphylococcus aureus count (1.1·101 CFU·ml-1). The study provides a comprehensive view on the quality of milk produced by robotic milking. The automatic milking system seems to be excellent in terms of milking and milk hygiene.
The effect of thermal shock on morphological characteristics of blood cells in Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) triploids
Authors: Wlasow Teresa , Fopp-Bayat Dorota
Published: August 2011

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of thermal shock on morphotic blood elements in Siberian sturgeonAcipenser baeriitriploids. The thermal shock (37 °C for 2 min) was applied in the 18thmin after fertilization. Blood was sampled from parallel cultured ten triploids and ten diploids on day 70 after hatching. Ploidy was assessed with the cytogenetic method and measurements of cellular nuclei. In the blood of triploids, significant dominance of immature red blood cells, erythrocytes with a displaced nucleus, microcytes and erythroplastids were observed. The blood of triploids was also characterized by a reduced number of lymphocytes. The percentage of neutrophil and eosinophil granulocytes was elevated; increased share of neutrophil granulocytes with a 4-, 5- or 6-segmented nucleus and eosinophil granulocytes with a nucleus consisting of three and more segments was observed. Disturbances in the picture of red blood cells can be considered as an expression of intensification of end-stage changes in triploids. The response to these changes in the blood of triploid Siberian sturgeon is an increase in the share of polymorphonuclear PMN, cells counted as microphages. Frequent presence of immature red blood cells in triploid Siberian sturgeon is a process that aims at counterbalancing the loss among these blood cells. It is the first report on morphological changes and proportions among blood cells in triploid Siberian sturgeon.
Running in Place: Low-Income Students and the Dynamics of Higher Education Stratification
Authors: Bastedo Michael N. , Jaquette Ozan
Published: August 2011

The increasing concentration of wealthy students at highly selective colleges is widely perceived, but few analyses examine the underlying dynamics of higher education stratification over time. To examine these dynamics, the authors build an analysis data set of four cohorts from 1972 to 2004. They find that low-income students have made substantial gains in their academic course achievements since the 1970s. Nonetheless, wealthier students have made even stronger gains in achievement over the same period, in both courses and test scores, ensuring a competitive advantage in the market for selective college admissions. Thus, even if low-income students were “perfectly matched” to institutions consistent with their academic achievements, the stratification order would remain largely unchanged. The authors consider organizational and policy interventions that may reverse these trends.
The Path not Taken: How does School Organization Affect Eighth-Grade Achievement?
Authors: Schwartz Amy Ellen , Stiefel Leanna , Rubenstein Ross , Zabel Jeffrey
Published: August 2011

Although rearranging school organizational features is a popular school reform, little research exists to inform policymakers about how grade spans affect achievement. This article examines how grade spans and the school transitions that students make between fourth and eighth grade shape student performance in eighth grade. The authors estimate the impact of grade span paths on eighth-grade performance, controlling for school and student characteristics and correcting for attrition bias and quality of original school. They find that students moving from K-4 to 5–8 schools or in K-8 schools outperform students on other paths. Results suggest four possible explanations for the findings—the number and timing of school changes, the size of within-school cohorts, and the stability of peer cohorts.
The Effectiveness of Distance Education across Virginia's Community Colleges: Evidence from Introductory College-Level Math and English Courses
Authors: Xu Di , Jaggars Shanna Smith
Published: August 2011

Although online learning is rapidly expanding in the community college setting, there is little evidence regarding its effectiveness among community college students. In the current study, the authors used a statewide administrative data set to estimate the effects of taking one's first college-level math or English course online rather than face to face, in terms of both course retention and course performance. Several empirical strategies were used to minimize the effects of student self-selection, including multilevel propensity score. The findings indicate a robust negative impact of online course taking for both subjects. Furthermore, by comparing the results of two matching methods, the authors conclude that within-school matching on the basis of a multilevel model addresses concerns regarding selection issues more effectively than does traditional propensity score matching across schools.
End Stage Heart Failure: An Emerging Menace
Authors: Siddique MA , Salman M
Published: August 2011

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v1i2.8118Cardiovasc. j. 2009; 1(2) : 129-131
Diastolic Functions: Evaluation & Clinical Applications
Authors: Parashar SK
Published: August 2011

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v1i2.8119 Cardiovasc. j. 2009; 1(2) : 132-141
Chronic Mitral Regurgitation: When the Optimal Timing of Surgical Intervention?
Authors: Oemar H , Yusoff K , Abdulgani HB
Published: August 2011

Optimal timing of surgery in mitral regurgitation (MR) is a complex problem that has been studied widely. The pathophysiological mechanism and hemodynamic changes whereby MR exerts its deleterious effects on survival is well recognized. Early reports in the literatures and newer prospective studies suggest that severe MR is not a benign state and it has a high morbidity and eventually mortality. Thus, it is obviously rationale in understanding pathophysiological construct and be able to identify disease condition in choosing the golden moment for surgical intervention. Surgical intervention has been exposed to be the only efficient management, but its optimal timing remains a matter of controversy. The ultimate goal of patient care is obviously no longer the relief of limiting symptoms but the achievement of an optimal long-term outcome with regard to mortality and morbidity. Preoperative developments of severe symptoms, left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, LV enlargement, chronic atrial fibrillation, or progressive pulmonary hypertension were found to be associated with an unfavorable outcome. The timing of surgical correction for MR depends chiefly on three factors: clinical symptoms, LV function and the severity of MR. In term of waiting symptoms, the surgery has changed considerably from a relatively passive response to the development of severe symptoms, to an early surgery concept preceding the signs of LV dysfunction. This because clinical symptoms can remain absent or minimal despite severe regurgitation caused by adaptive remodeling of LV and left atrium, or because of patient adaptation of the disease. Thus, in chronic severe MR, there should be no waiting for LV function to decline before intervening, because the long-term results of that approach are not gratifying. Recent data underscored that mitral surgery is associated with a considerably decreased subsequent risk of mortality and heart failure. The reduction in the risk of death associated with surgery is greater among patients with a larger effective regurgitant orifice (ERO) assessed echocardiographically than among those with a smaller ERO and results in normalization of the life expectancy. These data provide a firm basis for considering surgery in patients with asymptomatic chronic mitral regurgitation who have an ERO of at least 40 mm². Key words: Mitral regurgitation; Mitral valve surgery; Echocardiography. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v1i2.8120 Cardiovasc. j. 2009; 1(2) : 142-147
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Chronic Total Occlusion - In Hospital Outcome
Authors: Kar N , Ullah M , Karmakar PK , Islam AEM Mazharul , Reza AQM , Rahman S
Published: August 2011

Background- Although a total coronary occlusion is identified approximately in one third of the diagnostic cardiac catheterizations, still an attempted revascularization of total occlusion accounts for less than 8% of all percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) of chronic total occlusion (CTO) is one of the major challenges in interventional cardiology. It is now an well-accepted revascularization procedure.  Methods: It was a prospective observational study conducted in National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Dhaka, from July 2004 to June 2005. 50 consecutive patients with chronic total occlusion undergoing PCI were included in the study. Patients were observed during procedure and during the hospital stay. Result: The mean age of the patients was 46.7 ± 9.3 and 48.0% were in the age range of 45-54 years. 24 patients had post MI angina, 20 patients had chronic stable angina and 6 patients had unstable angina. Technical success was in 98% cases and procedural success was in 94% cases. One patient developed vessel perforation and was treated by prolonged balloon inflation. There was no death or STEMI and only 2 patients developed NSTEMI. Conclusion: In our study with the use of available facilities PCI in CTOs was possible with a high success rate. But dealing of more complicated lesion will require more improved technology and hardware. A study with larger number of patients and longer duration of follow up to determine the efficacy of the procedure in improving morbidity and mortality is needed. Keywords : Chronic total occlusion; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; In hospital outcome DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v1i2.8122 Cardiovasc. j. 2009; 1(2) : 156-160