bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MULTI-MODE RESOURCE CONSTRAINED MULTI PROJECT SCHEDULING PROBLEM OPTIMIZATION WITH SYMBIOTIC ORGANISMS SEARCH
Authors: Hodianto Valentinus Alvin , I-Tung Yang
Published: May 2022

Multi-mode resource-constrained multi project scheduling problem (MRCMPSP) is the extension of standard resource constrained project scheduling problem which considers multiple activity execution modes and multiple projects, subject to precedence and resource constraints. Multiple execution modes allow the activities to have different duration and resource requirement. Furthermore, companies and project managers normally also handle many projects. This study proposed metaheuristic method Symbiotic Organisms Search (SOS) along with random-key (RK) representations, parallel schedule generation scheme (P-SGS), and forward backward scheduling, to find the feasible schedule and minimal project duration of the project portfolio. The evaluation results from standard benchmark instances shows that SOS can get the best solution in most of the tested instances and also achieve better solution in some of them. The validation results from real project case MRCMPSP show that SOS has better performance than other tested metaheuristic methods, namely GA and PSO. Thus, validate the performance of SOS.
Theory and Technology of Memristive Devices
Authors: Tetzlaff Ronald , Ascoli Alon , Wouters Dirk J.
Published: May 2022

CMOS scaling is progressively and inevitably approaching atomic boundaries. The industry is thus exploring the potential of novel disruptive nanotechnologies, based on multifunctional materials, which may allow the development of integrated circuits keeping the trend predicted by Moore in 1965 in the years to come, despite further transistor shrinking being no longer possible. Memristors, originally postulated only theoretically out of a brilliant line of thought by Chua in 1971 and identified at the nanoscale almost 40 years later, back in 2008, by a team of engineers supervised by R.S. Williams at Hewlett Packard Labs, represent the key nanotechnology of the future, enabling novel forms of computation, which are closer to the principles underlying the functionalities of the human brain, given the extraordinarily peculiar capability of these devices to sense, store, and process data in the same physical miniaturized volume. Achieving progress in memristor circuit design crucially calls for the development of synergies among researchers with different academic backgrounds. In fact, only combining the technical knowledge, acquired by memristor theoreticians, with the practical know‐how of experimenters will enable to foster progress in memristor circuit and system development in the near future. In line with this necessity, the present article is the fruit of a joint cooperation between two leading memristor research units from Germany, one based at TU Dresden, which has contributed to establish solid theoretical foundations on resistance switching memories and their circuits since 2008, and the other one based at RWTH Aachen University, which has been the leading experimental research unit on nanostructures of this kind over the same time span. This article first presents a comprehensive overview of the theory of memristors, starting off from the early achievements in the pioneering studies of their father Chua, then classifies and analyses in depth the main physical mechanisms underlying the inherently nonlinear behavior of their physical realizations, and, finally, discusses their most promising applications, from the development of new nonvolatile memories based on resistance switching phenomena to the realization of novel neuromorphic circuits, capable to mimic the complex dynamics of biological entities closer than conventional purely CMOS hardware, without leaving aside an excursus on the potential to leverage the unique features of these devices for the circuit implementation of unconventional brain‐inspired time‐ and energy‐efficient sensing and memcomputing strategies, which is a great appeal for the realization of portable light‐weight technical systems for the Internet‐of‐Things industry, especially but not only to the benefit of healthcare, well‐being, and automotive market sectors.
Assessing initial plan check efficacy using TG 275 failure modes and incident reporting
Authors: Riegel Adam C. , Polvorosa Cynthia , Sharma Anurag , Baker Jameson , Ge William , Lauritano Joseph , Calugaru Emel , Chang Jenghwa , Antone Jeffrey , Oliveira Angela , Buckenberger Walkiria , Chen William , Cao Yijian , Kapur Ajay , Potters Louis
Published: May 2022

Plan checks are important components of a robust quality assurance (QA) program. Recently, the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) published two reports concerning plan and chart checking, Task Group (TG) 275 and Medical Physics Practice Guideline (MPPG) 11.A. The purpose of the current study was to crosswalk initial plan check failure modes revealed in TG 275 against our institutional QA program and local incident reporting data. Ten physicists reviewed 46 high‐risk failure modes reported in Table S1.A.i of the TG 275 report. The committee identified steps in our planning process which sufficiently checked each failure mode. Failure modes that were not covered were noted for follow‐up. A multidisciplinary committee reviewed the narratives of 1599 locally‐reported incidents in our Radiation Oncology Incident Learning System (ROILS) database and categorized each into the high‐risk TG 275 failure modes. We found that over half of the 46 high‐risk failure modes, six of which were top‐ten failure modes, were covered in part by daily contouring peer‐review rounds, upstream of the traditional initial plan check. Five failure modes were not adequately covered, three of which concerned pregnancy, pacemakers, and prior dose. Of the 1599 incidents analyzed, 710 were germane to the initial plan check, 23.4% of which concerned missing pregnancy attestations. Most, however, were caught prior to CT simulation (98.8%). Physics review and initial plan check were the least efficacious checks, with error detection rates of 31.8% and 31.3%, respectively, for some failure modes. Our QA process that includes daily contouring rounds resulted in increased upstream error detection. This work has led to several initiatives in the department, including increased automation and enhancement of several policies and procedures. With TG 275 and MPPG 11.A as a guide, we strongly recommend that departments consider an internal chart checking policy and procedure review.
Dynamic Circularly Polarized Luminescence with Tunable Handedness and Intensity Enabled by Achiral Dichroic Dyes in Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Medium
Authors: Chen Yihan , Zhang Yuxia , Li Hang , Li Yang , Zheng Wenhua , Quan Yiwu , Cheng Yixiang
Published: May 2022

Cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) are chiral supramolecular systems that self‐assemble into a highly regular helical arrangement in a liquid crystal (LC) medium. Such an arrangement is highly beneficial for the chiral enlargement effect on circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) signals. Dichroic dyes with rod‐like molecular structures can exhibit fluorescence anisotropy along both the long and short molecular axes owing to their transition dipole moment (TDM) vectors. In this work, a pair of donor–accepter (D–A) achiral dichroic dyes is prepared, namely, 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene derivative (P1, whose TDM vector is parallel to the long axis of the molecule, i.e., F|| > F⊥) and anthraquinone derivative (N1, whose TDM vector is perpendicular to the long axis of the molecule, i.e., F|| < F⊥). CLCs can be fabricated by doping P1 or N1 together with chiral 1,1′‐binaphthyl‐derived inducers into SLC1717 medium. Dynamic CPL with tunable handedness and intensity is achieved by changing the N1:P1 mass ratio, and the luminescence dissymmetry factor (gem) value reaches |0.71|. This work describes the first observation of dynamic CPL with tunable handedness and intensity enabled by TDM regulation of achiral dichroic dyes in a CLC medium.
Synergistic Effect of Bimetallic Sulfide Enhances the Performance of CdS Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Wang Xuanpu , Li Youji , Li Teng , Jin Zhiliang
Published: May 2022

High photogenerated electron‐hole recombination rates and insufficient light absorption capacity are the main factors restricting the development of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. CdS as a potential photocatalyst also faces these problems. In this work, the composite bimetallic sulfide ZnCo2S4 and CdS exhibits excellent photocatalytic hydrogen evolution capability. The synergistic effect of zinc ions and cobalt ions enriches the redox‐active sites, which provides favorable conditions for the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction. The synergistic effect of bimetallic ions as the main driving force for the accelerated hydrogen precipitation reaction is analyzed by fluorescence and electrochemical characterization. The results of hydrogen production experiments show that the hydrogen evolution amount of ZnCo2S4/CdS is about 10 times that of single CdS. In addition, the cyclic hydrogen production experiment and the structural characterization of the catalyst after hydrogen production proves that the catalyst has good stability. Last but not least, the apparent quantum efficiency of the composite catalyst with the best hydrogen evolution activity can reach 17.96%. This work provides a feasible method for expanding the application of CdS in the field of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.
Metal‐ and Additive‐Free Aerobic Dehydrogenation of N‐Heterocycles and Hydrocarbons by N‐Doped Carbon
Authors: Shang Sensen , Li Yingguang , Lv Ying , Dai Wen
Published: May 2022

Over metal catalysts, N‐heteroarenes, as one of the most versatile building blocks in pharmaceuticals, bioactive molecules and natural products, can be easily accessed by the oxidation of N‐heterocycles. Herein, we describe N‐doped hierarchical pore carbons (N‐HPCs) derived from readily available biomass (flour) efficiently catalyzed aerobic dehydrogenation of N‐heterocycles without any additives under mild conditions, owing to N dopant and high surface area indicated by characterization analysis. A wide range of N‐heteroarenes including quinolines, quinolinol, dihydroisoquinolines, isoquinolines, indoles, quinoxaline and acridine were obtained in good to excellent yields (36 examples, up to 99% yield). Mechanistic studies revealed a strikingly different non‐free radical process from metal catalysts, for which an apparent activation energy of 66.4 kJ mol−1 was found. Moreover, the N‐doped carbon exhibited robust stability and yielded 74.5% quinoline at the sixth reaction. The use of metal‐free catalysts in organic synthesis is attractive but practically challenging. This work provides a promising example for metal‐free catalysis.
Process prediction and detection of faults using probabilistic bidirectional recurrent neural networks on real plant data
Authors: Yerimah Lucky E. , Ghosh Sambit , Wang Yajun , Cao Yanan , Flores‐Cerrillo Jesus , Bequette B. Wayne
Published: May 2022

Attaining Industry 4.0 for manufacturing operations requires advanced monitoring systems and real‐time data analytics of plant data, among other topics. We propose a probabilistic bidirectional recurrent network (PBRN) for industrial process monitoring for the early detection of faults. The model is based on a gated recurrent unit (GRU) neural network that allows the model to retain long‐term dependencies between sensor data along a time horizon, hence learning the dynamic behavior of the process. To reduce the false‐positive detection rate of the model, we compel the model to learn from a highly noisy sensor reading while outputting noise‐free sensor outputs. The performance of the proposed model is compared with other data‐driven statistical process monitoring schemes using real plant data from an industrial air separations unit (ASU) containing noisy sensor readings. We show that the model can learn from noisy data without reducing its performance. Using two different fault cases, we demonstrate the model's ability to carry out early fault detection with average false‐positive rates of 2.9% and 4.9% for both fault cases. The missed detection rates are 0.1% and 0.2%, respectively.
Synthesis of Nitrone‐derived Pyrrolidine Scaffolds and Their Combinatorial Libraries to Develop Selective α‐l‐Rhamnosidase Inhibitors
Authors: Chen Wei‐An , Li Huang‐Yi , Sayyad Ashik , Huang Chun‐Yen , Cheng Wei‐Chieh
Published: May 2022

A general and flexible approach toward the development of α‐l‐rhamnosidase (α‐l‐Rha‐ase) inhibitors is described. Five enantiopure poly‐substituted pyrrolidine‐based scaffolds bearing the C1‐aminomethyl moiety were designed and synthesized from five‐membered cyclic nitrones. Each structurally diversified amide library of these scaffolds was rapidly generated via combinatorial parallel synthesis and applied for in‐situ inhibition study against α‐l‐Rha‐ase, allowing us to efficiently identify new inhibition hits. Surprisingly, all promising inhibitors are derived from the same scaffold 3. Among them, the most potent and selective inhibitor is pyrrolidine 19 with Ki=0.24 μM, approximately 24‐fold more potent than the reference compound DAA (Ki=5.7 μM). It is the first study to comprehensively prepare pyrrolidine‐based scaffolds and libraries for inhibition study against α‐l‐Rha‐ase.
Theoretical study on molecular properties of SbXn (X = F and Cl, n = 1–5) and SbXn− (X = F and Cl, n = 1–6) including spin–orbit coupling
Authors: Oh Dakyeung , Lee Seongjae , Kim Joonghan
Published: May 2022

High‐level ab initio and density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to calculate the molecular properties of SbXn (X = F and Cl, n = 1–5) and SbXn− (X = F and Cl, n = 1–6), such as molecular structure, vibrational frequency, electron affinity (EA), and bond dissociation energy (BDE). The spin–orbit (SO) effect on the molecular properties was investigated using the SODFT method. The bond lengths optimized by the coupled‐cluster singles and doubles with perturbative triples method are in good agreement with the experimental values. The calculated vibrational frequencies agreed reasonably well with the available experimental values except for those of SbX4− (X = F and Cl) because the polar solvent affected the experimental results. SbX3 and SbX4− (X = F and Cl), whose Sb oxidation states are +3, exhibit substantial EAs and BDEs, respectively. The SO effect on SbX− and SbX2− (X = F and Cl) was considerable.
Atrial mitral regurgitation: Characteristics and outcomes of transcatheter mitral valve edge‐to‐edge repair
Authors: Simard Trevor , Reddy Yogesh N. V. , Thaden Jeremy J. , Padang Ratnasari , Michelena Hector I. , Nkomo Vuyisile T. , Lloyd James W. , El Sabbagh Abdallah , Nishimura Rick A. , Reeder Guy S. , Guerrero Mayra , Alkhouli Mohamad , Rihal Charanjit S. , Eleid Mackram F.
Published: May 2022

Background

Mitral transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair (MTEER) is an established therapeutic approach for mitral regurgitation (MR). Functional mitral regurgitation originating from atrial myopathy (A‐FMR) has been described.

Objectives

We sought to assess the clinical, echocardiographic and hemodynamic considerations in A‐FMR patients undergoing MTEER.

Methods

From 2014 to 2020, patients undergoing MTEER for degenerative MR (DMR), functional MR (FMR), and mixed MR were assessed. A‐FMR was defined by the presence of MR > moderate in severity; left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥ 50%; and severe left atrial (LA) enlargement in the absence of LV dysfunction, leaflet pathology, or LV tethering. The diagnosis of A‐FMR (vs. ventricular‐FMR [V‐FMR]) was confirmed by three independent echocardiographers. Baseline characteristics, procedural outcomes as well as clinical and echocardiographic follow‐up are reported. Device success was defined as final MR grade ≤ moderate; MR reduction ≥1 grade; and final transmitral gradient <5 mmHg.

Results

306 patients underwent MTEER, including DMR (62%), FMR (19%), and mixed MR (19%). FMR cases included 37 (63.8%) V‐FMR and 21 (36.2%) A‐FMR. Tricuspid regurgitation (≥ moderate) was higher in A‐FMR (80.1%) compared to V‐FMR (54%) and DMR (42%). Device success did not significantly differ between A‐FMR and V‐FMR (57% vs. 73%, p = 0.34) or DMR (57% vs. 64%, p = 1.0). The A‐FMR cohort was less likely to achieve ≥3 grades of MR reduction compared to V‐FMR (19% vs. 54%, p = 0.01) and DMR (19% vs. 49.7%, p = 0.01). Patients with V‐FMR and DMR demonstrated significant reductions in mean left atrial pressure (LAP) and peak LA V‐wave, though A‐FMR did not (LAP −0.24 ± 4.9, p = 0.83; peak V‐wave −1.76 ± 9.1, p = 0.39). In follow‐up, echocardiographic and clinical outcomes were similar.

Conclusions

In patients undergoing MTEER, A‐FMR represents one‐third of FMR cases. A‐FMR demonstrates similar procedural success but blunted acute hemodynamic responses compared with DMR and V‐FMR following MTEER. Dedicated studies specifically considering A‐FMR are needed to discern the optimal therapeutic approaches.
Discovery of Tryptophan‐tetrahydroisoquinoline Derivatives as Multifunctional Agents for Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Lu Xin , Liu Yijun , Qin Nan , Du Chenxi , Hu Yanyu , Chen Yao , Sun Haopeng
Published: May 2022

Comprehensive Summary

The cholinesterases are essential targets implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We have identified tryptophan‐tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives as selective micro‐nanomolar butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitors. Molecular docking was applied for the rational design and binding mode analysis. They were defined according to their target inhibitory activity, low cytotoxicity, predicted permeability through the blood‐brain barrier (BBB), and in vivo cognitive improvement. Additionally, the preferred compound showed ability to decrease self‐induced Aβ1‐42 aggregation and Aβ1‐42 induced SH‐SY5Y cell injury. Altogether, these factors indicated their potential as unique lead compounds for AD treatment.
Methanol Tolerant Oxygen Reduction Reaction Electrocatalysis using Size‐Specific Triphenylphosphine‐Ligated Gold Nanoclusters
Authors: Mousavi Hanieh , Sharma Shailendra K. , Golovko Vladimir , Shearer Cameron J. , Metha Gregory F.
Published: May 2022

The development of a stable and efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts with high methanol tolerance is crucial for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFCs). Herein, triphenylphosphine (PPh3)‐ligated gold nanoclusters and complexes (AuNCs), Au101(PPh3)21Cl5, Au9(PPh3)8(NO3)3, and Au1(PPh3)Cl supported on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) have been explored as methanol tolerant ORR electrocatalysts. Electrocatalytic performance of each AuNCs‐rGO was determined through linear sweep voltammograms (LSV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) and compared with Pt/C. Size‐dependent ORR activity was observed which followed the size trend of Au101NC‐rGO>Au9NC‐rGO>Au1NC‐rGO. Repeated LSV and chronoamperometry measurements revealed that the long‐term stability over 24 hours followed the trend Au101NC‐rGO>Au9NC‐rGO∼Au1NC‐rGO and all were more stable than Pt/C. The methanol tolerance of each AuNCs‐rGO was also evaluated via LSV and CV. Size‐independent methanol tolerance with no noticeable change in ORR performance of AuNCs‐rGO was observed in the presence of methanol. AuNCs‐rGO nanocomposites are promising cathode electrocatalysts for DMFCs.
Co‐doping Graphene with B and N Heteroatoms for Application in Energy Conversion and Storage Devices
Authors: Matsoso Joyce B. , Journet Catherine , Coville Neil J. , Sofer Zdeněk
Published: May 2022

Graphene, as an important member of the two‐dimensional (2D) class of materials, has been used extensively in a large spectrum of applications due to its remarkable properties. In addition to its properties and its easy modulation through intentional doping with boron (B) and nitrogen (N) heteroatoms leads to the production of graphene derivatives that exhibits a comprehensive arsenal of fascinating properties. More importantly, the different electronegativities of boron and nitrogen heteroatoms bestows graphene with a variety of new and/or improved electromagnetic, catalytic, physicochemical, and optical properties. As a result, doped graphene derivatives have been explored in catalysis, biotechnology, sensors, water purification, and used in many other applications. Nonetheless, there is a shortage of data on the use of B/N co‐doped graphene nanomaterials in renewable energy conversion and storage technology. Therefore, this article aims to provide an overview on the recent progress and future aspects of several key applications of B/N co‐doped graphene nanomaterials in these areas of energy and storage.
Optimized multi‐label convolutional neural network using modified genetic algorithm for popularity based personalized news recommendation system
Authors: Manoharan Saravanapriya , Senthilkumar Radha , Jayakumar Saktheeswaran
Published: May 2022

Classification of label‐specific users' diversified interests and incorporating social media with news media to address popular news articles which is the most formidable task in popularity‐based personalized news recommendation systems (PPNRS). To bring personalization to PPNRS, many remarkable features have to be considered from users user profiles to classify their interest. In this article, 13,346 features per user considered to classify their interest for 15 labels using multi‐label convolutional neural network (MLCNN). The efficiency of MLCNN model highly depends on its architecture through the tuning of its hyperparameters. Generally, researchers manually designed a constant CNN architecture for every label and verified the effectiveness, but this leads to an additional complexity as well as large computational resources were consumed. Moreover, designing the structure for all 15 labels leads to an increase in the network structure exponentially with an increase in labels. Hence, in this manuscript, MLCNN architectures optimized by implementing a novel approach modified genetic algorithm (MGA) with the help of introducing four novel crossover operators to strengthen CNN performance for users interest classification. Further, for the recommendation process, the label‐specific news articles were clustered from social media Facebook and Twitter feeds, and then most popular news articles determined from clusters along with label‐specific breaking news articles rendered from news feeds concerning users' interest. In addition to that, the reliability of the news articles also validated for recommendation process. The experimental result precisely proves that the proposed approach MGA attained an accuracy of 89.64%, 90.56%, 90.41%, and 91.79% for classifying users label specific interest and label‐wise recommendation accuracy attained 93.3%, 90%, 90% from Twitter, Facebook, and also from Newsfeed respectively.
Breaking down barriers to consistent, climate‐smart regulation of invasive plants: A case study of US Northeast states
Authors: Bradley Bethany A. , Beaury Evelyn M. , Fusco Emily J. , Munro Lara , Brown‐Lima Carrie , Coville William , Kesler Benjamin , Olmstead Nancy , Parker Jocelyn
Published: May 2022

Efforts to prevent the introduction and spread of new invasive plants are most effective when regulated species are consistent across jurisdictional boundaries and proactively prohibit species before they arrive or in the earliest stages of invasion. Consistent and proactive regulation is particularly important in the northeastern United States, which is susceptible to many new invasive plants due to climate change. Unfortunately, recent analyses of state regulated plant lists show that regulated species are neither consistent nor proactive. To understand why, we focus on two steps leading to invasive plant regulation across six northeastern states (Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, and Vermont): which sets of species are evaluated and how risk is assessed. Our analysis confirms previous findings that invasive plant regulations are inconsistent and reactive. Of the 128 plants regulated by one or more states, 54 were regulated by a single state and only 16 were regulated by all six states; regulated species tended to be widespread across the region (not proactive). These outcomes are largely driven by different sets of evaluated species. For example, neighboring states Vermont and New Hampshire evaluated 92 species in total, but only 26 overlapped. In addition, states rarely evaluated species that were absent from the state. Risk assessment protocols varied considerably across states, but consistently included criteria related to ecological impact, potential to establish, dispersal mechanisms, and life history traits. While none of the assessments explicitly consider climate change, they also did not contain language that would preclude regulating species that have not yet arrived in the state. To increase consistency and proactivity, states would benefit from (1) evaluating species identified as high risk by neighboring states and high‐risk, range‐shifting invasive species, both of which we compiled here, and (2) explicitly considering climate change when assessing “potential distribution” or “potential impact” of target species. Additionally, a mechanism for sharing knowledge and risk assessments regionally would benefit states with fewer resources to address invasive species threats. Presenting a unified defense against current and future threats is critical for reducing impacts from invasive species and is achievable with better state‐to‐state coordination.
Unravel the Charge‐Carrier Dynamics in Simple Dimethyl Oxalate‐Treated Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiency Exceeding 22%
Authors: Zhao Rongjun , Wu Tai , Zhuang Rongshan , Hua Yong , Wang Yude
Published: May 2022

Understanding the effect of additive on the interfacial charge‐carrier transfer dynamics is very crucial to obtaining highly efficient perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, we designed a simple additive, dimethyl oxalate (DO), functioning as an effective defect passivator of perovskite grain boundaries via the coordination interaction between the carbonyl (C=O) and the exposed Pb2+. The modification with DO produces pinhole‐free and compact perovskite films, enhancing the transportation capability of carriers. As a consequence, the DO‐treated PSCs exhibited a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22.19%, which is significantly higher than that of the control device without additive (19.58%). More importantly, detailed transient absorption characterization reveals that the use of additive can decrease the hot‐carrier cooling dynamics, improve the carrier transfer, and eliminate nonradiative recombination in PSCs. This present work provides a profound understanding the additives effect on the carrier dynamics in PSCs toward the Shockley−Queisser limit.
Predictors of outcomes following interdisciplinary acceptance and commitment therapy for chronic pain: Profiling psychological flexibility
Authors: Yu Lin , McCracken Lance M. , Scott Whitney
Published: May 2022

Background

Growing evidence demonstrates the benefit of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for people with chronic pain. However, there remain people with chronic pain who do not benefit from ACT, and predicting treatment response is difficult.

Aims

This aim of this study was to investigate if baseline psychological flexibility (PF) profiles predict responses to an ACT‐based pain management programme.

Methods

Data from 415 participants attending an interdisciplinary pain management programme were included. Participants completed measures of PF processes and outcomes pre‐ and post‐treatment. Latent profile analysis was used to identify subgroups of participants based on their baseline PF scores. ANOVAs were conducted to compare subgroups of participants on outcome variables at baseline, and changes from pre‐ to post‐treatment.

Results

Three subgroups of participants were identified: (a) low PF, (b) low openness and (c) high awareness and action. The three subgroups significantly differed on all outcome measures at pre‐treatment, supporting the clinical relevance of these PF profiles. However, participants with different baseline PF profiles did not appear to differ in terms of changes in outcome variables.

Conclusions

People with chronic pain demonstrate different PF profiles, but appear to respond to ACT similarly regardless of these profiles. Future studies with a more individualized focus are needed to further understand which components of ACT work for whom on which outcome and how.

Significance

There remain people with chronic pain who do not benefit from acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), and predicting treatment response is difficult. This is the first study to identify psychological flexibility (PF) profiles along multiple PF processes using latent class analysis, and the first longitudinal study to investigate PF profiles in relation to outcomes in ACT for chronic pain. The findings contribute to the understanding of theoretically consistent predictors of outcomes in ACT, which in turn can inform treatment development.
Support those impacted by global crises
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: May 2022

Although it may seem difficult to find practical ways to show support for your institution's international students, staff, and faculty who have been impacted by the Russia–Ukraine war and other recent global crises, it comes down to some very basic strategies.
Consider policies, procedures that boost accessibility during global turmoil
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: May 2022

PORTLAND, Ore. — Making admission decisions for students who lack documentation, or whose documentation is not standard, can be a challenge. For international students in particular, the disruption from COVID‐19 went beyond test scores, and events such as wars and natural disasters also lead to documentation irregularities. Some refugees don't even have access to their academic records.
Dolphin echolocation optimized sailfish algorithm for energy efficient and secured routing based on trust management in ZigBee wireless sensor network
Authors: Shiju Kumar P. S. , Ramesh Babu A.
Published: May 2022

Security is the vital phenomenon of wireless sensor network (WSN) to preserve the energy. Traditional techniques does not concern the security of routing purpose, it has limitation like low energy resource, unsecure communication channel. In this article, a dolphin echolocation optimized sailfish (DESF) algorithm for energy efficient (EE) and secured routing based on trust management in ZigBee WSN is proposed. The proposed method is combination of enhanced shortcut tree routing based dolphin echolocation sailfish (EOSTR) and DESF, hence it is called EOSTR‐DESF. Here, hybrid DESF with enhanced routing technique is used to select the optimal route. The proposed approach is implemented in NS2 and the performance of the proposed collaborative trust and tree routing based on DESF in ZigBee is compared with the existing approaches like particle swarm optimization‐ant colony optimization, firefly algorithm‐Hirschberg Sinclair, and whale optimization algorithm‐simulated annealing algorithm. Moreover, the performance is analyzed with metrics like delay, packet delivery ratio, energy consumption, throughput, and residual energy. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method is more efficient with varying nodes of 33.25%, 20.17%, 8.04% for different data transfer rate of 31.36%, 15.62%, 9.10%.
Recurrence pattern with respect to two different dose fractionations in patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer treated with chemoradiation using image‐guided volumetric arc therapy
Authors: Deshmukh Jayashree , Chatterjee Abhishek , Dora Tapas Kumar , Bose Subhadeep , Goel Alok , Kakade Amol , Saini Amit , Pahwa Shefali , Singh Avtar , Laskar Sarbani Ghosh , Agarwal Jay Prakash , Shrivastava Shyam Kishore , Kapoor Rakesh
Published: May 2022

Background

Patients with head and neck cancer were treated with either 70 Gy in 35 fractions (Arm A) or 66 Gy in 30 fractions (Arm B).

Materials and methods

Total 168 patients of carcinoma oropharynx, larynx, and hypopharynx treated with radical chemoradiation in two Arm A versus B (65 vs. 103 patients).

Results

With a median follow‐up of 16 months (0–67), 2 year disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) was 56.3% versus 62.1% (p = 0.64) and 44.5% versus 53.0% (p = 0.51) in Arm A versus B. Total 22 (33.8%) versus 28 (27.2%) failed locoregionally. Majority of failures were infield for both primary (17 vs. 23 cases) and nodes (13 vs. 12) in Arm A versus B. Ten (71.4%) vs. 10 (76.9%) had nodal failure in index nodal level only.

Conclusion

Commonly seen failure in head–neck radical chemoradiation is within infield high‐risk volume, nodal failure being most common in index nodal level.
Early relational health: Innovations in child health for promotion, screening, and research
Authors: Willis David W. , Eddy J. Mark
Published: May 2022

Relational experiences during infancy and early childhood are key drivers for building health, social emotional development, and learning capacities, each vital for wellbeing. The U.S. child health sectors share a commitment to universal health promotion, prevention and early intervention, and a growing enthusiasm for the research‐affirmed primacy of caregiver‐child interactions during the critical first 1000 days of life. Given our nation's growing children's mental health crisis, racial justice awakening and the need to reimagine equitable supports for young families post‐COVID19, the child health sectors seek new tools and clinical approaches that blend science‐to‐practice innovations with co‐developed activities that are meaningful to families. This special section brings together papers about a journey of co‐discovery between researchers, clinicians, and parents during the development and refinement of new video‐ and interview‐based dyadic relational screening and monitoring tools. The collection of papers addresses a range of topics including early relational health (ERH), development and validation of the Early Relational Health Screen, its application within research and clinical settings, and thoughtful discussions from multiple perspectives. Informed by the diversity informed tenets, this journey highlights not only science‐informed approaches, but also co‐development with families of equitable approaches to understanding and serving children and their caregivers.
Generalized band spectrum estimation with an application to the New Keynesian Phillips curve
Authors: Choi Jinho , Escanciano Juan Carlos , Guo Junjie
Published: May 2022

This paper proposes a new method for estimating linear dynamic structural models. The proposed generalized band spectrum estimator (GBSE) generalizes band spectrum regression to simultaneously account for endogeneity and nonlinearities of unknown form in the first stage, while having a computationally convenient closed‐form expression in the time domain. We apply the GBSE to the hybrid New Keynesian Phillips curve (NKPC) with U.S. postwar data. We find a stable marginal cost coefficient in the short run, with relatively large and statistically significant values, and small and insignificant values when both short‐run and long‐run frequencies are included. The forward‐looking component and the inflation inertia are relatively stable and equally quantitatively important. Overall, our estimates present much less sampling uncertainty than the corresponding generalized method of moment (GMM) estimates, both in extensive Monte Carlo simulations and the empirical application, and they provide formal empirical support for misspecification of the NKPC as a model for all frequencies.
Mechanistic aspects of the synthesis of seven‐membered internal nitronates via stepwise [4 + 3] cycloaddition involving conjugated nitroalkenes: Molecular Electron Density Theory computational study
Authors: Kącka‐Zych Agnieszka , Jasiński Radomir
Published: May 2022

The density functional theory computational study indicates the possibility of the synthesis of seven‐membered internal nitronates via cycloaddition reactions involving Z‐C‐aryl‐N‐methylnitrones and E‐2‐aryl‐1‐cyano‐1‐nitroethenes. The detailed exploration of the reaction paths indicates a polar, stepwise reaction mechanism through the zwitterionic intermediate. Using bonding evolution theory (BET), we have deciphered the molecular mechanism of the [4 + 3] cycloaddition reaction between E‐2‐phenyl‐1‐cyano‐1‐nitroethene and Z‐C‐phenyl‐N‐methylnitrone. The BET study has revealed that the formation of two CO single bonds takes place in the same way, through the depopulation of NC and CC bonding regions and monosynaptic basins, respectively. The first O1C7 single bond was formed in the sixth phase, while the second C3O4 bond was formed in the last ninth phase.
Mechanistic insights of key host proteins and potential repurposed inhibitors regulating SARS‐CoV‐2 pathway
Authors: Pramanik Debabrata , Pawar Aiswarya B. , Roy Sudip , Singh Jayant Kumar
Published: May 2022

The emergence of pandemic situations originated from severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)‐CoV‐2 and its new variants created worldwide medical emergencies. Due to the non‐availability of efficient drugs and vaccines at these emergency hours, repurposing existing drugs can effectively treat patients critically infected by SARS‐CoV‐2. Finding a suitable repurposing drug with inhibitory efficacy to a host‐protein is challenging. A detailed mechanistic understanding of the kinetics, (dis)association pathways, key protein residues facilitating the entry–exit of the drugs with targets are fundamental in selecting these repurposed drugs. Keeping this target as the goal of the paper, the potential repurposing drugs, Nafamostat, Camostat, Silmitasertib, Valproic acid, and Zotatifin with host‐proteins HDAC2, CSK22, eIF4E2 are studied to elucidate energetics, kinetics, and dissociation pathways. From an ensemble of independent simulations, we observed the presence of single or multiple dissociation pathways with varying host‐proteins‐drug systems and quantitatively estimated the probability of unbinding through these specific pathways. We also explored the crucial gateway residues facilitating these dissociation mechanisms. Interestingly, the residues we obtained for HDAC2 and CSK22 are also involved in the catalytic activity. Our results demonstrate how these potential drugs interact with the host machinery and the specific target residues, showing involvement in the mechanism. Most of these drugs are in the preclinical phase, and some are already being used to treat severe COVID‐19 patients. Hence, the mechanistic insight presented in this study is envisaged to support further findings of clinical studies and eventually develop efficient inhibitors to treat SARS‐CoV‐2.
Quantifying increases in problem behavior following downshifts in reinforcement: A retrospective analysis and replication
Authors: Falligant John M. , Hagopian Louis P. , Kranak Michael P. , Kurtz Patricia F.
Published: May 2022

The recurrence of a previously eliminated or reduced behavior following a downshift in alternative reinforcement is referred to as resurgence. Resurgence as Choice (RaC) is a quantitative model of behavioral persistence that posits that resurgence is governed by the same behavioral principles that underlie choice behavior. Consistent with the predictions of RaC, extant basic research with animals indicates that resurgence increases as an exponential function of the size of the downshift in alternative reinforcement. Recently, Shahan and Greer (2021) extended this finding to resurgence of problem behavior during schedule thinning following functional communication training (FCT). They found that when resurgence occurred, it increased exponentially as a function of relative decrements in reinforcer availability during schedule thinning with compound schedules of reinforcement. The purpose of the current study was to directly replicate the analytic procedures described in Shahan and Greer to examine resurgence of problem behavior during schedule thinning following FCT using two novel clinical datasets. Our results closely replicate the findings from Shahan and Greer, providing additional support for the generality of resurgence during downshifts in alternative reinforcement in clinical contexts. These results also highlight the potential applicability of RaC for modeling resurgence of problem behavior during FCT schedule thinning.
Photoperiodic regulation of avian physiology: From external coincidence to seasonal reproduction
Authors: Liddle Timothy Adam , Stevenson Tyler John , Majumdar Gaurav
Published: May 2022

Seasonal cycles of environmental cues generate variation in the timing of life‐history transition events across taxa. It is through the entrainment of internal, endogenous rhythms of organisms to these external, exogenous rhythms in environment, such as cycling temperature and daylight, by which organisms can regulate and time life history transitions. Here, we review the current understanding of how photoperiod both stimulates and terminates seasonal reproduction in birds. The review describes the role of external coincidence timing, the process by which photoperiod is proposed to stimulate reproductive development. Then, the molecular basis of light detection and the photoperiodic regulation of neuroendocrine timing of seasonal reproduction in birds is presented. Current data indicates that vertebrate ancient opsin is the predominant photoreceptor for light detection by the hypothalamus, compared to neuropsin and rhodopsin. The review then connects light detection to well‐characterized hypothalamic and pituitary gland molecules involved in the photoperiodic regulation of reproduction. In birds, Gonadotropin‐releasing hormone synthesis and release are controlled by photoperiodic cues via thyrotropin‐stimulating hormone‐β (TSHβ) independent and dependent pathways, respectively. The review then highlights the role of D‐box and E‐box binding motifs in the promoter regions of photoperiodic genes, in particular Eyes‐absent 3, as the key link between circadian clock function and photoperiodic time measurement. Based on the available evidence, the review proposes that at least two molecular programs form the basis for external coincidence timing in birds: photoperiodic responsiveness by TSHβ pathways and endogenous internal timing by gonadotropin synthesis.
Real‐world long‐term analysis of daclatasvir plus asunaprevir in patients with hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Fujii Hideki , Kimura Hiroyuki , Hasebe Chitomi , Akahane Takehiro , Satou Takashi , Kusakabe Atsunori , Kojima Yuji , Kondo Masahiko , Marusawa Hiroyuki , Kobashi Haruhiko , Tsuji Keiji , Ogawa Chikara , Uchida Yasushi , Joko Kouji , Mitsuda Akeri , Kurosaki Masayuki , Izumi Namiki
Published: May 2022

Background and Aim

This study aimed to evaluate the long‐term clinical course of patients achieving a sustained virologic response (SVR) with daclatasvir plus asunaprevir (DCV/ASV) therapy.

Methods

A total of 911 patients who achieved SVR with DCV/ASV were assessed. To evaluate pretreatment factors contributing to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after SVR, univariate and multivariate analyses were performed in all patients, in those with preexisting HCC, and in those without preexisting HCC. We selected a low‐risk group of HCC cases after SVR. Finally, we evaluated liver function after achieving SVR.

Results

In multivariable analyses, male sex, older age, patients with a history of HCC treatment, excess alcohol use, lower albumin, and low platelet count remained significant in the overall group; male sex and low albumin remained significant in patients with a history of HCC treatment; and male sex, older age, excess alcohol use, low platelet count, high alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP), and high des‐γ‐carboxy prothrombin (DCP) remained significant in those without a history of HCC treatment. Patients who had not received treatment for HCC, females, those under 70 years of age, and those with platelet count ≥13 (×104/μL), AFP <6 ng/mL, and DCP <23 mAU/mL were at low risk of HCC. The process of liver function improvement was different according to the factors.

Conclusions

The incidence rate of HCC, risk factors associated with HCC, group with very low risk of developing HCC, and the clinical course in a real‐world long‐term study were evaluated.
Black Girl Magic or Queen Bee: An Exploration of Gendered Leadership in South African Business
Authors: Ramnund‐Mansingh Aradhana
Published: May 2022

Gendered research is plagued by an array of challenges within a South African business context and the unique political landscape. Even with well‐established equity legislation and corporate governance compliance, the number of women in leadership remains bleak. The King IV reporting requirement of women at the board level places significant pressure on the existing employment equity goals for organizations in South Africa. Black women who attain leadership positions are criticized for being token affirmative action placements, and the lack of support is driving them out of the C‐suite. The current paper explores the concept of the queen bee syndrome contrasting it to the American phenomenon of black girl magic. The literature explores concepts of the queen bee syndrome, black girl magic, and the power of social capital with the boys' network in response to gendered leadership in South Africa. The contradictions that each of these concepts represents provide the context for the structural inequalities experienced by black women. The study is underpinned primarily by the social construction theory of reality and intersectionality. Black women leaders' roles and imminent success are mangled by the negative aspects of the queen bee syndrome in an effort to keep women out of the C‐suite.
Is the degree of physiological bone remodeling a predictive factor for peri‐implantitis?
Authors: Rodriguez Maria Vera , Ravidà Andrea , Saleh Muhammad H.A. , Basma Hussein S. , Dukka Himabindu , Khurshid Hadiya , Wang Hom‐Lay , Moreno Pablo Galindo
Published: May 2022

Background

The amount of initial physiological bone remodeling (IPBR) after implant placement varies and the ways it may play a role in peri‐implantitis development remains unknown. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the association between the amount of IPBR during the first year of implant placement and incidence of peri‐implantitis as well as the pattern of progressive bone loss.

Methods

Clinical and radiographic documentation of implants at the time of implant placement (T0), 1 year ± 6 months after crown placement (T1), and at a ≥2‐year follow‐up from implant placement (T2) were retrospectively collected. IPBR was defined as the bone loss occurring from implant placement to the end of the bone remodeling (T1). Cases were grouped into those diagnosed with (test) or without peri‐implantitis (PIm) (control). Linear regression model under generalized estimation equation approach was estimated to assess correlation between marginal bone loss (MBL) rates in both periods (T1‐T0) and (T2‐T1). Receiver operating characteristics curve was estimated to explore an optimal cut‐off point of T1‐T0 MBL to discriminate between PIm and no‐PIm implants.

Results

A total of 45 patients receiving 57 implants without PIm and 40 with PIm were included. There were no associations between PIm and IPBR (p > 0.05), nor between BML of (T2‐T1) and (T1‐T0). However, arch and total follow‐up showed significant influence on the probability of PIm. Splinted implants showed an MBL rate of 0.60‐mm/year higher than non‐splinted implants (p < 0.001) from T1 to T2.

Conclusion

No statistically significant association was found between IPBR and incidence of peri‐implantitis.