bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Precision Discovery of Novel Inhibitors of Cancer Target HsMetAP1 from Vast Metagenomic Diversity
Authors: Liu Oliver W. , Akers Scott , Alvarez Gabriella , Brown Stephanie , Cai Wenlong , Charlop-Powers Zachary , Crispell Kevin , Eyles Tom H. , Ganesh Sangita , Goh Ee-Been , Haverty Peter M. , Hwang William W. , Jamison Matthew , Kulp John L. , Kulp John L. , Kurtz Zachary , Lubbe Andrea , Milshteyn Aleksandr , Mokthari Parisa , Naylor Stephen G. , Oteng-Pabi Samuel , Overacker Ross , Robertson Andrew W. , van Aggelen Helen , Viswanathan Usha , Yang Xiao , Yoder Sam , Colletti Steven L. , Scannell Devin R.
Published: June 2022

Microbial natural products have long been a rich source of human therapeutics. While the chemical diversity encoded in the genomes of microbes is large, this modality has waned as fermentation-based discovery methods have suffered from rediscovery, inefficient scaling, and incompatibility with target-based discovery paradigms. Here, we leverage a metagenomic partitioning strategy to sequence soil microbiomes at unprecedented depth and quality. We then couple these data with target-focused, in silico search strategies and synthetic biology to discover multiple novel natural product inhibitors of human methionine aminopeptidase-1 (HsMetAP1), a validated oncology target. For one of these, metapeptin B, we demonstrate sub-micromolar potency, strong selectivity for HsMetAP1 over HsMetAP2 and elucidate structure-activity relationships. Our approach overcomes challenges of traditional natural product methods, accesses vast, untapped chemical diversity in uncultured microbes, and demonstrates computationally-enabled precision mining of modulators of human proteins.
The TRIPLE PHD FINGERS proteins are required for SWI/SNF complex-mediated +1 nucleosome positioning and 5’ transcript length determination in Arabidopsis
Authors: Diego-Martin Borja , Pérez-Alemany Jaime , Candela-Ferre Joan , Corbalán-Acedo Antonio , Pereyra Juan , Alabadí David , Jami-Alahmadi Yasaman , Wohlschlegel James , Gallego-Bartolomé Javier
Published: June 2022

Eukaryotes have evolved multiple ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers to shape the nucleosome landscape. We recently uncovered an evolutionarily conserved SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodeler complex in plants reminiscent of the mammalian BAF subclass, which specifically incorporates the MINUSCULE (MINU) catalytic subunits and the TRIPLE PHD FINGERS (TPF) signature subunits. Here we report experimental evidence that establishes the functional relevance of TPF proteins for the complex activity. Our results show that depletion of TPF triggers similar pleiotropic phenotypes and molecular defects to those found inminumutants. Moreover, we report the genomic location of MINU2 and TPF proteins as representative members of the plant BAF-like complex and their impact on nucleosome positioning and transcription. These analyses unravel the binding of the complex to thousands of genes where it modulates the position of the +1 nucleosome. These targets tend to produce 5’-shifted transcripts in thetpfandminumutants pointing to the participation of the complex in alternative transcriptional start site usage. Interestingly, there is a remarkable correlation between +1 nucleosome shift and 5’ transcript length change suggesting their functional connection. In summary, this study unravels the function of a plant SWI/SNF complex involved in +1 nucleosome positioning and 5’ transcript length determination.
Social media and disaster management: investigating challenges and enablers
Authors: Singla Annie , Agrawal Rajat
Published: June 2022

Purpose

This study aims to investigate barriers and enablers of social media usage by zooming on one specific type of domain: disaster management. First, by systematically reviewing previous studies using a typology to social media usage, this study identifies the challenges often faced. Second, the results are visualized by qualitatively analyzing the focus group discussion data.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper opted for an inductive thematic approach of grounded theory, including focus group discussion with ten participants from diverse backgrounds working in the disaster domain. The data is transcribed verbatim and coded using Atlas.ti software.

Findings

The findings suggest that the vogue of social media significantly ascends its usage in disaster management. Regulatory, software, physical, authenticity, cultural and demographic rose as challenges for social media usage in disaster management. Findings further indicate enablers as the rise in mobile penetration, democratic participation, increase in living standards, two-way real-time communication, global reach, expeditious decision-making, no space-time constraint and cheaper source of information. Social media, compared to traditional media, is explored. This study has practical implications in helping authorities understand the barriers and enablers for social media usage in disaster management.

Originality/value

Qualitative data analysis of social media usage for disaster management has received scant attention. The main takeaway of this research is to offer clear findings of the purview of social media usage for disaster management. It demonstrates the challenges and enablers of disaster management using social media in the Indian context. Results indicate that leveraging social media for disaster management can extend decision-making for effective disaster management.
Production of CS-g-PNIPAM copolymer and stimuli responsive and antibacterial cotton fabric
Authors: Demirbağ Genç Sena , Alay-Aksoy Sennur
Published: June 2022

Purpose

In this study, fabrication of polymer and cotton fabric exhibiting stimuli-responsive wetting and water vapor permeability features together with antibacterial activity was aimed.

Design/methodology/approach

Temperature and pH-responsive poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide-graft-chitosan) (PNIPAM-g-CS) copolymer were produced via the free radical addition polymerization method and fixed to the cotton fabric using butane tetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) cross-linker by double-bath impregnation method. The chemical structure of the graft copolymer was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectroscopy and H-Nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) analyses. Thermo-responsive behavior of the fabric was investigated by wetting time and water uptake tests, contact angle measurement and surface energy calculation. Additionally, antibacterial activity of the fabric treated with copolymer was studied against S. aureus bacterium.

Findings

PNIPAM-g-CS graft copolymer was synthesized successfully, which had lower critical solution temperature (LCST) value of 32 °C and exhibited thermo-responsive property. The treated fabrics exhibited hydrophilic character at temperatures below the LCST and hydrophobic character at temperatures above the LCST. It was found that polymer-coated fabric could have regulated the water vapor permeability by the change in its pore size and hydrophilicity depending on the temperature. Additionally, treated fabric displayed a pH-responsive water absorption behavior and strong antibacterial activity against S.aureus bacterium.

Originality/value

In the study, it has been shown that the cotton fabrics can be fabricated which have antibacterial activity and capable of pH and temperature responsive smart moisture/water management by application of copolymer. It is thought that the fabric structures developed in the study will be promising in the production of medical textile structures where antibacterial activity and thermophysiological comfort are important.
Assessing green innovation in supply chains: a systematic review based on causal mechanisms framework
Authors: El Baz Jamal , Evangelista Pietro , Iddik Sadia , Jebli Fedwa , Derrouiche Ridha , Akenroye Temidayo
Published: June 2022

Purpose

There have been several reviews of green, ecological and sustainable innovations, but a thorough assessment of green innovation (GI)'s mechanisms in a supply chain setting has not been attempted yet. The purpose of this paper is to review how GI was investigated in supply chains through the lens of a multilevel framework of innovation mechanisms.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors provide a comprehensive assessment of prior studies using a systematic literature review approach and content analysis of 136 papers identified from the Web of Science Core Collection database.

Findings

Current literature on green innovation supply chains (GISC) has been categorized according to three main causal mechanisms: situational, action-formation and transformational mechanisms. Three different levels of analysis were considered for the three mechanisms: macro, meso and micro. In addition, the authors have also assessed the value creation and appropriation outcomes of GI. The authors identified relevant research gaps in the extant literature and a set of propositions that may guide future research in this area.

Research limitations/implications

This review provides a novel perspective on GISC based on a multilevel theoretical framework of mechanisms.

Practical implications

The causal mechanisms assessment of GISC can be adopted by organizations to convince their SC partners to engage in collaborative and more ambitious initiatives in the field.

Social implications

The findings of this review could serve as an argument for more encompassing and ambitious GISC initiatives which can be of benefit to society.

Originality/value

A thorough assessment of the interacting mechanisms in GISC has not been attempted before. The authors identify gaps in current literature and provide several propositions for further research avenues based on causal mechanisms framework.
A multi-dimensional city data embedding model for improving predictive analytics and urban operations
Authors: Jing Zhe , Luo Yan , Li Xiaotong , Xu Xin
Published: June 2022

Purpose

A smart city is a potential solution to the problems caused by the unprecedented speed of urbanization. However, the increasing availability of big data is a challenge for transforming a city into a smart one. Conventional statistics and econometric methods may not work well with big data. One promising direction is to leverage advanced machine learning tools in analyzing big data about cities. In this paper, the authors propose a model to learn region embedding. The learned embedding can be used for more accurate prediction by representing discrete variables as continuous vectors that encode the meaning of a region.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors use the random walk and skip-gram methods to learn embedding and update the preliminary embedding generated by graph convolutional network (GCN). The authors apply this model to a real-world dataset from Manhattan, New York, and use the learned embedding for crime event prediction.

Findings

This study’s results show that the proposed model can learn multi-dimensional city data more accurately. Thus, it facilitates cities to transform themselves into smarter ones that are more sustainable and efficient.

Originality/value

The authors propose an embedding model that can learn multi-dimensional city data for improving predictive analytics and urban operations. This model can learn more dimensions of city data, reduce the amount of computation and leverage distributed computing for smart city development and transformation.
Territorial or nomadic? Geo-social determinants of location-based IT use: a study in Pokémon GO
Authors: Laato Samuli , Kordyaka Bastian , Islam A.K.M. Najmul , Papangelis Konstantinos , Hamari Juho
Published: June 2022

Purpose

Location-based games (LBGs) have afforded novel information technology (IT) developments in how people interact with the physical world. Namely, LBGs have spurred a wave of territoriality (i.e. controlling) and exploration (i.e. discovering) of augmented physical space that are driven by different social dynamics related to group formation, social connectivity and altruism. The aim of this study is to investigate this dynamic and how it is further related to the use intensity of location-based IT.

Design/methodology/approach

This work presents a structural equation model that connects social dimensions of play to territorial control and exploration, and playing intensity. The model was tested with psychometric data gathered from a global sample of Pokémon GO players (N = 515).

Findings

In the tested sample, players' social self-efficacy and altruism were positively associated with team identification. Team identification, in turn, was positively associated with both territorial control and exploration tendency. Territorial control had a significant relationship with playing intensity; however, exploration tendency did not. This implies territorial control is the stronger predictor of playing intensity.

Practical implications

The findings suggest that human primal urges to conquer and control geographical territory may surface in the digital reimagination of physical space. LBGs offer opportunities for making use of new forms of play (territorial control and exploration) in motivating locative behaviours.

Originality/value

This research quantifies the relationships between a social predisposition, team identification, territorial control, exploration tendency and playing intensity in the context of Pokémon GO. It contributes new knowledge to the understanding of territorial behaviour (control and exploration) in location-based IT.
Digital displacement of youth offending: scoping and understanding the issue
Authors: McCord Alex , Birch Philip , Bizo Lewis A.
Published: June 2022

Purpose

Global evidence suggests that youth offending has reduced; however, this study aims to suggest a more complex picture, with youth crime potentially being displaced to the digital space. Historically, young people and crime have been synonymous with public spaces and being visible. A shift or expansion to online offending requires revision of how the justice and educational systems respond to youth offending.

Design/methodology/approach

A systematic literature review explored keywords related to age, digital offence or harm and criminal or harmful nature, using a search, appraisal, synthesis and analysis framework.

Findings

Three emergent areas of digital youth crime are discussed: digitally assisted crime, digitally dependent crime and digital harm.

Practical implications

The shift in youth offending requires response adjustment from prevention to detection. Opportunities may exist to disrupt or redirect youth before they offend. Further data specific to digital offending is needed. These findings seek to provide a possible direction for future research.

Originality/value

The concept of digital displacement of youth offending is progressively emerging. This paper examines types of offending categorised into three areas of interest.
Policy uncertainty and behavior of foreign firms in emerging economies
Authors: Karna Amit , Mondal Shamim S. , Pingali Viswanath
Published: June 2022

Purpose

This study aims to examine how foreign and domestic firms react to policy uncertainty in an emerging economy. In addition, the study investigates if older foreign firms better adapt to policy uncertainty than newer entrants.

Design/methodology/approach

The study uses pharmaceutical sales data on India’s cardiovascular segment for January 2011–May 2016. The authors use fixed fixed-effects panel data regression to measure the market reactions of foreign and domestic firms faced with policy uncertainty.

Findings

While domestic and foreign firms react similarly to anticipated policy changes, foreign firms react more adversely to policy uncertainty. Among foreign firms, early entrants respond less adversely than new entrants.

Research limitations/implications

Foreign firms are able to cope with anticipated policy changes in similar vein as the domestic firms by way ofa priorireading of the host country’s regulatory landscape. The foreign firms’ response to policy uncertainty is significantly different from domestic firms. The difference between the market response of foreign and domestic firms decreases over time.

Practical implications

The authors' findings demonstrate that adaptability is the key for new foreign firms to face policy uncertainty. Foreign firms can respond to policy changes, especially the unanticipated ones by imbibing local practices.

Social implications

The authors' findings suggest that enhanced policy uncertainty hurts foreign firms more adversely than domestic firms, and newer foreign firms are more hurt with policy uncertainty than the existing ones. Such uncertainty could also have unintended consequences for consumer welfare.

Originality/value

The authors' study uses two natural experiments in the same industry within short periods of time. The comparison offers key insights on the differences in domestic and foreign firm responses to the two types of policy uncertainty.
Factors influencing grocery shopping choices and the prevalence of food label use among Saudi mothers: a cross-sectional pilot study
Authors: Alsini Najlaa , Kutbi Hebah Alawi , Hakim Noor , Mosli Rana , Eid Noura , Mulla Zeinab
Published: June 2022

Purpose

There is currently limited data available on the Saudi population’s adoption of nutritional guidelines or on other factors influencing food purchasing behaviors. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of nutrition label use, explore factors that could influence food choices during grocery shopping and evaluate the association of these factors with the sociodemographic characteristics of mothers.

Design/methodology/approach

Mothers were recruited at a community event. They were requested to complete a questionnaire that assessed social and lifestyle characteristics as well as product features that influence food choices during grocery shopping.

Findings

The study included 157 mothers. The prevalence of label reading was high with 69% of participants always or mostly reading labels pre-purchase. Features that were most likely to “always” influence purchase choices included: product healthfulness (57.3%), children’s preference (45.9%), specific needs of a family member (38.9%). The feature “awareness campaigns and workshops” was found to be associated with both low and high-income groups. There was a poor understanding of what the “light” food label meant with only 37.6% answering correctly.

Research limitations/implications

Further research is needed with a higher sample size with diverse sociodemographic characteristics.

Practical implications

Saudi mothers are influenced by product healthfulness as well as children’s and family members’ needs when grocery shopping. There was a high prevalence of reading nutrition labels prepurchase. These findings can inform future public health policy on the main drivers for food purchasing decisions and the need for educational initiatives in Saudi Arabia.

Originality/value

The present research collates factors influencing food choices
Professorial fit: perceptions of engineering postdoctoral scholars
Authors: Mendez Sylvia L. , Cooksey Sarah E. , Starkey Kathryn E. , Conley Valerie Martin
Published: June 2022

Purpose

This study aims to explore the perceptions of a diverse set of 16 engineering postdoctoral scholars regarding their fit for the professoriate. The professoriate speaks to the body of tenured/tenure-track faculty within higher education institutions.

Design/methodology/approach

An intrinsic case study design was conducted to provide an in-depth understanding of the factors influencing engineering postdoctoral scholars’ perceived professorial fit using person–job fit theory.

Findings

As a result of inductive and deductive data analyses techniques, four themes emerged: the professoriate is perceived as a calling for those who desire to teach and mentor the upcoming generation of engineers; research autonomy in the professoriate is highly attractive; the work demands of the professoriate are contrary to the work–life balance sought; and the professoriate appears daunting due to the competitive nature of the job market and the academic environment.

Originality/value

This study is critical for those invested in possessing a deeper understanding of the postdoctoral career stage, its relationship to the professoriate as a career choice and broadening participation in engineering academia.
Regretful or pressured? CSR reactions and disclosures of casinos in the aftermath of a natural disaster
Authors: Guan Jieqi , Noronha Carlos , Sio Sandy Hou In , Lam Ching-Chi (Cindia)
Published: June 2022

Purpose

Typhoon Hato attacked Macau in August 2017 and had caused fatalities and extensive damages. This study aims to analyze the reactions of the city’s six casinos after the natural disaster from the perspective of corporate social responsibility (CSR), with particular emphasis on finding out which stakeholders had they directed their support mostly.

Design/methodology/approach

Qualitative content analyses of press releases, social media, company reports and websites of the casinos in relation to the disaster and their CSR activities were conducted and examined in depth. Furthermore, triangulation of the qualitative data was achieved with quantitative data through a regression analysis.

Findings

It was found that most of the casinos’ activities were delivered in the forms of donations, rebuilding the community, supporting staffs and calling for volunteer work, thus largely targeting on the community and employees.

Practical implications

The study serves as a practical lesson for the casino operators to better plan and implement risk and reputational management and to better proliferate their socially responsible side of the gaming business to the public. It also helps casinos to ponder upon better crisis management methods so as to attain sustainability of the industry itself.

Social implications

The study explains the CSR activities of casinos, which are in a controversial industry, and attempts to explore why do they engage in CSR. It can be seen that the wrestle between social pressure and voluntarism will eventually institutionalize casinos and other controversial businesses in promoting more CSR in various aspects.

Originality/value

Combining some established institutional and socio-psychological theories, including the theory of planned behavior and the theory of regret regulation, the current work serves as an exploratory study to look into how and why Macau’s leading industry reacts in response to a natural disaster through CSR.
Cohesion as a cardinal antecedent in virtual team performance: a meta-analysis
Authors: Chaudhary Meenakshi , Chopra Subhanjali , Kaur Jaspreet
Published: June 2022

Purpose

Advances in information technology have revolutionised the working environment. The concept of working in virtual teams was in existence in the developed part of the globe since 1960s. In developing economies, it emerged in the recent decades and gained impetus during the ongoing pandemic. This paper aims to propose examining the relationship between team cohesion and virtual team performance with the help of meta-analysis.

Design/methodology/approach

On published research, combined random effect meta-analysis and moderator analysis were done with the aid of Meta-essential 1.5 software. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses was designed for systematic meta-analysis.

Findings

The meta-analysis shows significant effect of cohesion on virtual team performance (r = 0.40, p < 0.000). Study outcomes indicate a positive relationship between team cohesion and virtual team performance. High heterogeneity was found and moderator analysis was performed to examine the heterogeneity.

Research limitations/implications

According to the findings, the performance of teams of different sizes, tenure and occupation should not be viewed as equivalent. Results of the study can be generalised to business (employees), education (students) and online gaming teams.

Practical implications

Managers should be aware of cohesion concerns in work process because they may foreshadow future performance challenges or reflect other organisational issues affecting virtual team performance. The relationship between team cohesion and team performance is predicted by team occupation, size and time.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this work is a first attempt to undertake meta-analysis to study the relationship between team cohesion and virtual team performance.
Some observations on meaningful and objective inference in radioecological field studies
Authors: Jackson Joseph A. , Antwis Rachael E. , Beresford Nicholas A. , Wood Michael D.
Published: June 2022

Anthropogenic releases of radiation are of ongoing importance for environmental protection, but the radiation doses at which natural systems begin to show effects are controversial. More certainty is required in this area to achieve optimal regulation for radioactive substances. We recently carried out a large survey (268 sampled animals and 20 sites) of the association between environmental radiation exposures and small mammal gut‐associated microbiomes (fungal and bacterial) in the Chornobyl Exclusion zone (CEZ). Using individual measurements of total absorbed dose rates and a study design and analyses that accounted for spatial non‐independence, we found no, or only limited, association.

Watts et al. have criticised our study: for not filtering candidate non‐resident components prior to our fungal microbiome analyses, for our qualified speculations on the relative merits of faecal and gut samples, and for the design of our study which they felt lacked sufficient replication.

The advantage of filtering non‐resident‐fungal taxa is not clear and it would not have changed the null (spatially adjusted) association we found between radioactive dose and mycobiome composition because the most discriminatory fungal taxa with regard to dose were non‐resident taxa.

We maintain that it was legitimate for us to make qualified discussion comments on the differences in results between our faecal and gut microbiome analyses and on the relative merits of these sample types.

Most importantly, the criticism of our study design by Watts et al. and the designs and analysis of their recent studies in the CEZ show a misunderstanding of the true nature of independent replication in field studies. Recognising the importance of spatial non‐independence is essential in the design and analysis of radioecological field surveys.
Review article: Clinical manifestations and outcomes of chronic nitrous oxide misuse: A systematic review
Authors: Marsden Pierce , Sharma Aakriti A , Rotella Joe‐Anthony
Published: June 2022

Recreational nitrous oxide (N2O) use is widespread, and complications associated with its use are increasingly common. We sought to identify risk factors, clinical features and outcomes in individuals presenting with effects of chronic N2O abuse to develop an approach to clinical assessment and management. A systemic literature review was completed with searches conducted across EMBASE, MEDLINE, PSYCINFO and Cochrane databases. Our search strategy identified 612 studies, 105 met inclusion criteria, and 10 were added via hand search. Subjects from 24 case series and 91 case reports were typically in their 20s, using over 100 bulbs daily for several months. Neurological presentations, including sensory change, gait disturbance or weakness, were characteristic. Serum Vitamin B12 was normal or raised in 133 out of 243 case series subjects and 37 out of 84 reports. Serum homocysteine and methylmalonic acid were usually raised. Macrocytosis and anaemia were not commonly seen. MRI findings were abnormal with dorsal column change where specified, typically involving the cervical spine. Nerve conduction studies mostly reported a sensorimotor polyneuropathy. B12 replacement was the treatment of choice and partial recovery was most reported. This review highlights the dose‐dependent nature of chronic N2O toxicity and recognises functional B12 deficiency as the cause. As B12 is often normal, homocysteine and methylmalonic acid are important biomarkers of disease. An approach to diagnosis is offered but requires validation in prospective studies. Research exploring B12 and methionine therapy is required to refine management.
Distinct oxygen isotope fractionations driven by different electron donors during microbial nitrate reduction in lake sediments
Authors: Li Shengjie , Diao Muhe , Wang Shuo , Zhu Xianfang , Dong Xiaoli , Strous Marc , Ji Guodong
Published: June 2022

Microbial nitrate reduction can be driven by organic carbon oxidation, as well as by inorganic electron donors, such as reduced forms of sulfur and iron. An apparent inverse oxygen isotope fractionation effect was observed during nitrate reduction in sediment incubations from five sampling sites of a freshwater lake, Hongze Lake, China. Incubations with organic and inorganic electron donor additions were performed. Especially, the inverse oxygen isotope effect was intensified after glucose addition, whereas the incubations with sulfide and Fe2+ showed normal fractionation factors. Nitrate reductase encoding genes, napA and narG, were analysed with metagenomics. Higher napA/narG ratios were associated with higher oxygen fractionation factors. The most abundant clade (59%) of NapA in the incubation with glucose was affiliated with Rhodocyclales. In contrast, it only accounted for 8%–9% of NapA in the incubations with sulfide and Fe2+. Differences in nitrate reductases might explain different oxygen isotope effects. Our findings also suggested that large variance of O‐nitrate isotope fractionations might have to be considered in the interpretation of natural isotope records.
Efficacy evaluation of different measurement methods for target lesions after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radical radiotherapy in locally advanced hypopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Hou Fang‐Jing , Zhao Dan , Yan Xin‐Yue , Li Xiao‐Ting , Sun Yan , Sun Ying‐Shi , Gao Shun‐Yu
Published: June 2022

Aim

To assess the diagnostic efficacy in response evaluation of hypopharyngeal carcinoma (HPC) using different CT measurement methods.

Methods and materials

One hundred and three patients with locally advanced HPC receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and radical radiotherapy (RT) were retrospectively enrolled. The long diameter, short diameter and largest axial area of the tumors and the largest metastatic cervical lymph node (LN) were measured before and after NACT, at the end of RT and 1 month after RT. Tumor regression ratios of the sum of the tumor's long diameter and LN's short diameter (LDTSDL), the sum of tumor and LN's short diameter (TTSDL), the sum of tumor and LN's largest axial area (AATML) were calculated. Analysis was conducted for overall survival (OS), metastasis‐free survival, regional recurrence‐free survival (RRFS), and local recurrence‐free survival (LRFS).

Results

Note that 35, 28, 23, and 16 patients suffered death, local recurrence, regional recurrence and distant metastasis, respectively. TTSDL‐defined effective group demonstrated better LRFS (p = .039) and RRFS (p = .047) after NACT and better OS since the end of RT (p = .037); AATML‐defined effective groups demonstrated better OS, LRFS, and RRFS since the end of RT (p = .015, .008, and .005). While LDTSDL‐defined groups showed differences in OS and LRFS until 1 month after RT (p = .013 and .014).

Conclusions

The regression rate of TTSDL and AATML can distinguish prognosis at an earlier time and demonstrated better reliability compared with LDTSDL. They were recommended for response evaluation in HPC.
How does a protest last? Rituals of visibility, disappearances under custody, and the Saturday Mothers in Turkey
Authors: Can Başak
Published: June 2022

Organizing weekly silent sit‐in protests since the mid‐1990s, the families of the disappeared created Turkey's longest‐lasting civil disobedience movement, known as the Saturday Mothers. Ritualizing their resistance, the group maintained the feeling of solidarity among its participants, attracted spectators, and ensured public visibility. Yet, as this protest form became popular, the participants felt uncomfortable with how they were represented in the wider public, especially how they were reduced to the spectacle of suffering in official and popular discourses. Thus, they often found themselves grappling with the tension between their desire to become visible and their refusal to be represented as a public spectacle of mothers’ suffering. Rather than solely focusing on material and spiritual resources of the movement, activists’ meaning‐making processes, or the state's tactics to end the movement, this article introduces the analytics of ritual and spectacle to highlight the ongoing negotiations between protestors’ subjectivity, collective action, popular representations of the protest, and state violence. The productive tension between ritualized protest and its spectacularized lives suggests a need to revise anthropological theories about progressive social movements that juxtapose the hidden versus public, the individual versus collective, and the institutionalized versus spontaneous forms of resistance.
Mothers' regrets of having (or not having) returned to work after childbirth: Longitudinal relationships with organizational commitment
Authors: Wiese Bettina S. , Stertz Anna M.
Published: June 2022

Postpartum mothers have to decide whether to leave the workforce for some time and, if so, when to return to paid work. Two kinds of regrets might evolve as a result of women's leave‐related decisions: stay‐at‐home and return‐to‐work regrets. The present research investigates how these forms of regrets are associated with women's affective organizational commitment. We conducted a four‐wave longitudinal study with female participants mostly living in Switzerland (61%) and Germany (37%). The first measurement occasion took place during pregnancy (N = 294), and the subsequent three postnatal measurement points were at 6 (n = 281), 12 (n = 254), and 24 months (n = 230) after childbirth. As expected, higher organizational commitment during pregnancy predicted stronger stay‐at‐home regrets. By contrast, women's prenatal organizational commitment did not turn out to be predictive for lowered return‐to‐work regrets. We further assumed cross‐lagged associations between post‐birth organizational commitment and return‐to‐work regrets. Our results suggest that return‐to‐work regrets are predictive of decreases in affective organizational commitment. Reversed causation, that is, effects from postnatal organizational commitment to return‐to‐work regrets, could not be confirmed. Results are discussed regarding theoretical, methodological, and practical implications.
Statin‐related adverse drug reactions in UK primary care consultations: A retrospective cohort study to evaluate the risk of cardiovascular events and all‐cause mortality
Authors: Insani Widya N. , Whittlesea Cate , Ju Chengsheng , Man Kenneth K. C. , Alwafi Hassan , Alsharif Alaa , Chapman Sarah , Wei Li
Published: June 2022

Aims

To investigate the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events and all‐cause mortality in patients with statin‐related adverse drug reaction (ADR) consultation in primary care and examine whether different treatments following the ADR affect subsequent outcomes.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study of statin users between 2004 and 2019 using IQVIA Medical Research Data (formally known as the THIN database). Patients with statin‐related ADR consultation were matched by propensity score (1:1) to statin users without ADR consultation based on demographics, comorbidities and concomitant medication. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to compare the risk of subsequent CVD event and all‐cause mortality, stratified by history of CVD. In the secondary analysis among patients with statin‐related ADR, treatment changes within a 1‐year period following the ADR were examined and the outcomes were compared between different treatment groups.

Results

Among 1 564 687 statin users, 19 035 (1.22%) had a statin‐related ADR consultation in primary care. The mean (standard deviation) follow‐up time was 6.32 (3.74) years and 5.31 (3.83) years for CVD primary and secondary prevention cohorts, respectively. Statin‐related ADR consultation was associated with subsequent CVD events in both cohorts (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] of 1.39 [95% CI 1.23, 1.57] and 1.34 [95% CI 1.25,1.42], respectively). In the secondary analysis among patients with statin‐related ADR consultation, we found that (i) continued statin prescription or combination of any statin with additional lipid‐lowering treatment (LLT) and (ii) other LLT only were associated with lower risks of CVD event (adjusted HR 0.71 [95% CI 0.64, 0.78] and 0.75 [95% CI 0.62, 0.92], respectively) and all‐cause mortality (adjusted HR 0.46 [95% CI 0.42, 0.50] and 0.52 [95% CI, 0.43, 0.64], respectively), compared to discontinuation of all LLT.

Conclusion

Statin‐related ADR was associated with an increased risk of subsequent CVD event, indicating that these patients should be monitored more closely. Continued lipid‐lowering medication is of importance to protect against CVD events and mortality.
Impact of belantamab mafodotin‐induced ocular toxicity on outcomes of patients with advanced multiple myeloma
Authors: Abeykoon Jithma P. , Vaxman Julia , Patel Sanjay V. , Kumar Shaji , Malave Gabriella C. , Young Kimberly S. , Ailawadhi Sikander , Larsen Jeremy T. , Dispenzieri Angela , Muchtar Eli , Gonsalves Wilson I. , Kourelis Taxiarchis , Leung Nelson , Warsame Rahma , Go Ronald S. , Bergsagel Leif , Lacy Martha Q. , Rajkumar S. Vincent , Gertz Morie A. , Kapoor Prashant
Published: June 2022

Belantamab mafodotin (BLMF) is a B‐cell maturation antigen‐directed antibody‐drug conjugate, recently approved for advanced multiple myeloma (MM). The impact of BLMF‐induced ocular toxicity on patient outcomes is unknown. We studied a cohort of 38 consecutively seen patients treated with BLMF outside of trials. Of those, 75% experienced ocular toxicity, with 69% developing keratopathy. Among patients requiring ocular toxicity‐related permanent BLMF discontinuation (14%) or dose reduction (11%), 70% had progression of MM within a median of 3 months (95% confidence interval: 0.2–not reached) following BLMF interruption or dose reduction. Ocular toxicity is a major deterrent to the continuous use of BLMF in routine clinical practice. Measures to successfully prevent and mitigate ocular toxicity should be developed to achieve the full potential of this agent.
Phonological similarity in the serial recall task hinders item recall, not just order
Authors: Roodenrys Steven , Guitard Dominic , Miller Leonie M. , Saint‐Aubin Jean , Barron Jeffrey M.
Published: June 2022

The phonological similarity effect in short‐term memory (STM) is the finding that serial recall of lists of similar sounding items is poorer than that of dissimilar sounding items. This is traditionally argued to be due to a detrimental effect on memory for the order of the words in the list and not on memory for the words themselves. Models that propose forgetting from STM is due to interference must invoke an additional compensatory process where the shared element of the words acts as a cue to recall, in order to account for the lack of an effect on memory for the words. However, the possibility of a detrimental effect of phonological similarity on item memory when these compensatory processes are not available has not been investigated. Two experiments (n = 60 and n = 57) in which similarity is operationalized in a way that precludes usage of compensatory processes are reported. The results clearly demonstrate that item recall is poorer for similar lists than dissimilar lists when similarity is defined in this way.
Prostatic arterial embolisation for men with benign prostatic hyperplasia: a Cochrane review
Authors: Jung Jae Hung , McCutcheon Karen Ann , Borofsky Michael , Young Shamar , Golzarian Jafar , Kim Myung Ha , Narayan Vikram , Dahm Philipp
Published: June 2022

Objectives

To assess the effects of prostatic arterial embolisation (PAE) compared to other procedures for treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

Methods

We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs), as well as non‐randomised studies (NRSs) enrolling men with BPH undergoing PAE vs other surgical interventions via a comprehensive search up until 8 November 2021. Two independent reviewers screened the literature, extracted data, assessed risk of bias, performed statistical analyses by using a random‐effects model, and rated the certainty of evidence (CoE) of RCTs and NRSs.

Results

We found data to inform two comparisons: PAE vs transurethral resection of prostate (TURP; six RCTs and two NRSs), and PAE vs sham (one RCT). This abstract focuses on the primary outcomes in a comparison of PAE vs TURP. Short‐term follow‐up: based on RCT evidence, there may be little to no difference in urological symptom score improvement (mean difference [MD] 1.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.37 to 3.81; low CoE) and quality of life (QoL; MD 0.28, 95% CI −0.28 to 0.84; low CoE) measured by International Prostatic Symptom Score. We are very uncertain about the effects of PAE on major adverse events (risk ratio [RR] 0.75, 95% CI 0.19–2.97; very low CoE). Long‐term follow‐up: based on RCT evidence, PAE may result in little to no difference in urological symptom scores (MD 2.58, 95% CI −1.54 to 6.71; low CoE) and QoL (MD 0.50, 95% CI −0.03 to 1.04; low CoE). We are very uncertain about major adverse events (RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.20–4.05; very low CoE).

Conclusion

Compared to TURP, the impact on urological symptoms and QoL improvement as perceived by patients appears to be similar. This review did reveal major uncertainty as to how major adverse events compare.
Uretero‐enteric stricture outcomes: secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial comparing open versus robot‐assisted radical cystectomy
Authors: Huang Chun , Assel Melissa , Beech Benjamin B. , Benfante Nicole E. , Sjoberg Daniel D. , Touijer Adam , Coleman Jonathan A. , Dalbagni Guido , Herr Harry W. , Donat Sherri Machele , Laudone Vincent P. , Vickers Andrew J. , Bochner Bernard H. , Goh Alvin C.
Published: June 2022

Objectives

To analyse the risk of uretero‐enteric anastomotic stricture in patients randomised to open (ORC) or robot‐assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) with extracorporeal urinary diversion.

Patients and Methods

We included 118 patients randomised to RARC (n = 60) or ORC (n = 58) at a single, high‐volume institution from March 2010 to April 2013. Urinary diversion was performed by experienced open surgeons. Stricture was defined as non‐malignant obstruction on imaging, corroborated by clinical status, and requiring procedural intervention. The risk of stricture within 1 year was compared between groups using Fisher's exact test.

Results

In all, 58 and 60 patients were randomised to RARC and ORC, respectively. We identified five strictures, all in the ORC group. In patients with ≥1 year of follow‐up, the increase in risk of stricture from open surgery was 9.3% (95% confidence interval 1.5%, 17%). Of the five strictures, three were managed endoscopically while two required open revision. There was no evidence that perioperative Grade 3–5 complications were associated with development of a stricture (P = 1) and no evidence of a difference in 24‐month estimated glomerular filtration rate between arms (P = 0.15).

Conclusions

In this study at a high‐volume centre, RARC with extracorporeal urinary diversion achieved excellent ureteric anastomotic outcomes. Purported increased risk of stricture is not a reason to avoid RARC. Future research should examine the impact of different surgical techniques and operator experience on the risk of stricture, especially as more intracorporeal diversions are performed.
Echoes of 1937: Recovering America's Wildlife Act would bring wildlife conservation funding full circle
Authors: Vaughan Branch J. , Karlen Jonathan , Organ John , Bishop Chad , Mitchell Michael , Regan Ronald , Millspaugh Joshua J.
Published: June 2022

Wildlife populations face significant threats, including habitat loss and climate change. However, the United States has faced major biodiversity crises in the past. In 1937, in response to dwindling wildlife populations, Congress passed the Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Act, known as “Pittman‐Robertson” (PR). The law helped restore wildlife populations by establishing a federal role in funding state wildlife agencies enabling states to develop the infrastructure and expertise for effective wildlife conservation. Now, the 117th Congress is considering the Recovering America's Wildlife Act (RAWA). RAWA would provide state, tribal, and territorial wildlife agencies the funding to implement their State Wildlife Action Plans for the conservation of nongame wildlife. Herein, we explore the relationship between PR and RAWA while tracing the historical roots of PR and discussing its successes and limitations. We also demonstrate how RAWA builds upon PR and could become a generational conservation accomplishment.
SERF, a family of tiny highly conserved, highly charged proteins with enigmatic functions
Authors: Sahoo Bikash R. , Bardwell James C. A.
Published: June 2022

Amyloid formation is a misfolding process that has been linked to age‐related diseases, including Alzheimer's and Huntington's. Understanding how cellular factors affect this process in vivo is vital in realizing the dream of controlling this insidious process that robs so many people of their humanity. SERF (small EDRK‐rich factor) was initially isolated as a factor that accelerated polyglutamine amyloid formation in a C. elegans model. SERF knockouts inhibit amyloid formation of a number of proteins that include huntingtin, α‐synuclein and β‐amyloid which are associated with Huntington's, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, respectively, and purified SERF protein speeds their amyloid formation in vitro. SERF proteins are highly conserved, highly charged and conformationally dynamic proteins that form a fuzzy complex with amyloid precursors. They appear to act by specifically accelerating the primary step of amyloid nucleation. Brain‐specific SERF knockout mice, though viable, appear to be more prone to deposition of amyloids, and show modified fibril morphology. Whole‐body knockouts are perinatally lethal due to an apparently unrelated developmental issue. Recently, it was found that SERF binds RNA and is localized to nucleic acid‐rich membraneless compartments. SERF‐related sequences are commonly found fused to zinc finger sequences. These results point towards a nucleic acid‐binding function. How this function relates to their ability to accelerate amyloid formation is currently obscure. In this review, we discuss the possible biological functions of SERF family proteins in the context of their structural fuzziness, modulation of amyloid pathway, nucleic acid binding and their fusion to folded proteins.