bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On Teaching Old Dogs New Tricks
Authors: Metcalfe Janet , Casal-Roscum Lindsey , Radin Arielle , Friedman David
Published: October 2015

Although older adults rarely outperform young adults on learning tasks, in the study reported here they surpassed their younger counterparts not only by answering more semantic-memory general-information questions correctly, but also by better correcting their mistakes. While both young and older adults exhibited a hypercorrection effect, correcting their high-confidence errors more than their low-confidence errors, the effect was larger for young adults. Whereas older adults corrected high-confidence errors to the same extent as did young adults, they outdid the young in also correcting their low-confidence errors. Their event-related potentials point to an attentional explanation: Both groups showed a strong attention-related P3a in conjunction with high-confidence-error feedback, but the older adults also showed strong P3as to low-confidence-error feedback. Indeed, the older adults were able to rally their attentional resources to learn the true answers regardless of their original confidence in the errors and regardless of their familiarity with the answers.
The Use of the PlasmaBlade and Acellular Dermal Matrix in Rhinophyma Surgery
Authors: Özkan Adem , Topkara Adem , Özcan Ramazan Hakan , Şentürk Sadık
Published: October 2015

Background:

Rhinophyma is a rare, disfiguring disease characterized by a slow progressive overgrowth of the soft tissue of the nose associated with end-stage severe acne rosacea.

Objective:

We present a case of severe rhinophyma treated successfully using PlasmaBlade and acellular dermal matrix with split-thickness skin graft.

Methods:

This procedure combines deep excision with PlasmaBlade followed by coverage with an acellular dermal matrix for dermal substitution and split-thickness skin graft.

Results:

Functional and aesthetic results were satisfactory.

Conclusion:

We offer a new approach to surgical treatment of rhinophyma. Total excision of phymatous tissue and single session replacement of epidermal-dermal components is an effective treatment for patients with severe rhinophyma, resulting in satisfactory functional and aesthetic outcome. This combined treatment modality prevents the recurrence of rhinophyma. It should be considered an appropriate alternative in cases of severe rhinophyma.
Qualitative assessment of self-identity in people with advanced dementia
Authors: Batra Sadhvi , Sullivan Jacqueline , Williams Beverly R , Geldmacher David S
Published: October 2015

This study aimed to understand the preserved elements of self-identity in persons with moderate to severe dementia attributable to Alzheimer's disease. A semi-structured interview was developed to explore the narrative self among residents with dementia in a residential care facility, and residents without dementia in an independent living setting. The interviews were transcribed verbatim from audio recordings and analyzed for common themes, while being sensitive to possible differences between the groups. The participants with dementia showed evidence of self-reference even though losses in explicit memory were evident. The most noticeable difference between the two groups was time frame reference. Nonetheless, all participants showed understanding of their role in relationships and exhibited concrete preferences. Our findings suggest that memory loss and other cognitive deficits associated with moderate to severe dementia do not necessarily lead to a loss of “self.”
Race and Quarterback Survival in the National Football League
Authors: Volz Brian D.
Published: October 2015

This study examines data from the 2001 to 2009 National Football League (NFL) seasons to determine whether Black quarterbacks face discrimination. When controlling for injury, age, experience, performance, team investment, backup quality, and bye weeks, Black quarterbacks are found to be 1.98–2.46 times more likely to be benched. Marginal evidence is also found that Black quarterbacks face less discrimination in areas with a larger percentage of Black residents. Additionally, it has been observed that when White quarterbacks are benched, the team improves by more than when Black quarterbacks are benched. This provides evidence that there is a cost to this discrimination.
Seam properties of ultrasonic welded multilayered textile materials
Authors: Jevšnik Simona , Eryürük Selin Hanife , Kalaoğlu Fatma , Kayaoğlu Burçak Karagüzel , Komarkova Petra , Golombikova Viera , Stjepanovič Zoran
Published: October 2015

This study examined the effects of ultrasonic welding parameters on bond strength, seam thickness and seam stiffness, as well as water permeability. For study purpose, two types of four-layered fabrics with same compositions and different areal densities suitable for inner part of sport shoes were used. Two different types of seams, lapped and superimposed, were applied for ultrasonic welding and also compared by traditional seam applied by shoe manufacturer. The morphology of different type of seams was also analyzed to observe the influence of welding parameters on the layers during the ultrasonic welding process. Bonding strength was found to depend on the seam type and composition of the joined fabric layers. It was confirmed by the shoe manufacturer that all the produced welded seams provided the requested minimum bond strength to be suitable for the use of the shoes. The traditional seams applied by the shoe manufacturer were thicker but had lower stiffness in comparison to all welded seams. It was also found out that ultrasonic welding damaged the membrane, which was confirmed by no water resistance of welded seams. Statistical analysis showed that ultrasonic welding parameters, such as welding frequency and velocity, influence the bond strength, thickness, and bending stiffness of welded seams, but the obtained results were statistically insignificant.
Stenting for acute cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in the superior sagittal sinus
Authors: Adachi Hidemitsu , Mineharu Yohei , Ishikawa Tatsuya , Imamura Hirotoshi , Yamamoto Shiro , Todo Kenichi , Yamagami Hiroshi , Sakai Nobuyuki
Published: October 2015

Endovascular treatment for superior sagittal sinus (SSS) thrombosis is not always successful because of difficult access and long thrombus lesions. We report the first two cases of patients with acute cerebral venous sinus thrombosis at the SSS that was not recanalized by anticoagulation, mechanical thrombectomy, or thrombolysis, but was successfully treated by stent placement. Case 1 was a 37-year-old woman with bilateral subdural hematomas. Digital subtraction angiography showed obstruction of the sinus from the SSS to the right transverse sinus. Recanalization was achieved by selective thrombolysis using urokinase followed by balloon angioplasty, but re-occlusion occurred on the next day of treatment. Repeated endovascular treatment including balloon angioplasty, thrombus aspiration and thrombolysis using recombinant tissue plasminogen activator failed to achieve recanalization. We thus placed intracranial stents in the SSS, which did achieve recanalization. Case 2 was a 69-year-old woman with a small infarction in the left parietal lobe. Digital subtraction angiography showed sinus obliteration from the SSS to the bilateral transverse sinuses. Recanalization was not achieved by balloon angioplasty, thrombus aspiration and selective thrombolysis. We thus placed intracranial stents in the SSS, which did achieve recanalization. Postoperative course was uneventful in both cases and venous sinus patency was confirmed by venography >1.5 years after treatment. When conventional endovascular strategies have been unsuccessful, placement of intracranial stents, which can easily gain access to the distal part of the SSS as compared with carotid stents, may be a useful treatment option for the acute sinus thrombosis in this region.
Traumatic Carpal Axial Instability in a Professional Football Player
Authors: Rettig Lance , Rettig Arthur , Cleland Kirk
Published: October 2015

This is a case of traumatic carpal axial instability in a professional football player. Traumatic carpal axial instability characteristically involves longitudinal separation of the ulnar or radial distal carpal row along with intermetacarpal injury. Rarely, pancarpal ligament disruption occurs, as in this case. Early diagnosis and treatment of unstable wrist injuries is important in achieving a satisfactory outcome.
Discordance in lymphoid tissue recovery following stem cell transplantation in rhesus macaques: an in vivo imaging study
Authors: Donahue Robert E. , Srinivasula Sharat , Uchida Naoya , Kim Insook , St. Claire Alexis , Duralde Gorka , DeGrange Paula , St. Claire Marisa , Reba Richard C. , Bonifacino Aylin C. , Krouse Allen E. , Metzger Mark E. , Paik Chang H. , Lane H. Clifford , Tisdale John F. , Di Mascio Michele
Published: October 2015

Key Points

Single-photon emission computed tomography imaging can be used to image immune recovery in lymphoid tissues following transplant. There is discordance between lymphoid tissues and the peripheral blood in numbers of CD4+ cells following various doses of irradiation.
Monovalent Fc receptor blockade by an anti–Fcγ receptor/albumin fusion protein ameliorates murine ITP with abrogated toxicity
Authors: Yu Xiaojie , Menard Melissa , Prechl József , Bhakta Varsha , Sheffield William P. , Lazarus Alan H.
Published: October 2015

Key Points

We generated a novel monovalent anti-FcγRIII/albumin fusion protein that ameliorates antibody-mediated murine ITP. Severe adverse events by anti-FcγR antibodies because of FcγR cross-linking are overcome by monovalent FcγR blockade.
Functional glycosylation in the human and mammalian uterus
Authors: Clark Gary F.
Published: October 2015

Background

Glycosylation is the most common and structurally diverse of all the post-translational modifications of proteins. Lipids and extracellular matrices are also often glycosylated. The mammalian uterus is highly enriched in glycoconjugates that are associated with the apical surfaces of epithelial cells and the secretions released by both epithelial and stromal cells. These glycoconjugates interact primarily with sperm, the implanting embryo, the fetus, and any pathogen that happens to gain entry into the uterus. Secretions of the endometrial glands increase substantially during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. These secretions are highly enriched in glycoproteins and mucins that promote specific uterine functions.

Findings

Lectins and antibodies have been employed in the majority of the studies focused on uterine glycosylation have employed to define the expression of carbohydrate sequences. However, while these studies provide insight about potential glycosylation, precise information about glycan structure is lacking. Direct sequencing studies that employ biochemical or mass spectrometric methods are far more definitive, but have rarely been employed with uterine glycoproteins. Both lectin/antibody binding and direct carbohydrate sequencing studies that have been focused on the mammalian uterus are reviewed. The primary functional role of the eutherian uterus is to facilitate fertilization and nurture the developing embryo/fetus. Trophoblasts are the primary cells that mediate the binding of the embryo and placenta to the uterine lining. In mammals that utilize hemochorial placentation, they invade the decidua, the specialized endometrial lining that forms during pregnancy. Trophoblasts have also been analyzed for their lectin/antibody binding as a complement to the analysis of the uterine cells and tissues. They will also be reviewed here.

Conclusions

The functional roles of the glycans linked to uterine and trophoblast glycoconjugates remain enigmatic. Another major question in the human is whether defects in placental or uterine glycosylation play a role in the development the Great Obstetrical Syndromes. More recent findings indicate that changes in glycosylation occur in trophoblasts obtained from patients that develop preeclampsia and preterm birth. The functional significance of these changes remain to be defined. Whether such shifts happen during the development of other types of obstetrical syndromes remains to be determined.
Bisphenol A Disrupts HNF4α-Regulated Gene Networks Linking to Prostate Preneoplasia and Immune Disruption in Noble Rats
Authors: Lam Hung-Ming , Ho Shuk-Mei , Chen Jing , Medvedovic Mario , Tam Neville Ngai Chung
Published: October 2015

Exposure of humans to bisphenol A (BPA) is widespread and continuous. The effects of protracted exposure to BPA on the adult prostate have not been studied. We subjected Noble rats to 32 weeks of BPA (low or high dose) or 17β-estradiol (E2) in conjunction with T replenishment. T treatment alone or untreated groups were used as controls. Circulating T levels were maintained within the physiological range in all treatment groups, whereas the levels of free BPA were elevated in the groups treated with T+low BPA (1.06 ± 0.05 ng/mL, P < .05) and T+high BPA (10.37 ± 0.43 ng/mL, P < .01) when compared with those in both controls (0.1 ± 0.05 ng/mL). Prostatic hyperplasia, low-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), and marked infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells into the PIN epithelium (P < .05) were observed in the lateral prostates (LPs) of T+low/high BPA-treated rats. In contrast, only hyperplasia and high-grade PIN, but no aberrant immune responses, were found in the T+E2-treated LPs. Genome-wide transcriptome analysis in LPs identified differential changes between T+BPA vs T+E2 treatment. Expression of multiple genes in the regulatory network controlled by hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α was perturbed by the T+BPA but not by the T+E2 exposure. Collectively these findings suggest that the adult rat prostate, under a physiologically relevant T environment, is susceptible to BPA-induced transcriptomic reprogramming, immune disruption, and aberrant growth dysregulation in a manner distinct from those caused by E2. They are more relevant to our recent report of higher urinary levels BPA found in patients with prostate cancer than those with benign disease.
Parisian ruin of self-similar Gaussian risk processes
Authors: Dębicki Krzysztof , Hashorva Enkelejd , Ji Lanpeng
Published: October 2015

In this paper we derive the exact asymptotics of the probability of Parisian ruin for self-similar Gaussian risk processes. Additionally, we obtain the normal approximation of the Parisian ruin time and derive an asymptotic relation between the Parisian and the classical ruin times.
On the role of Föllmer-Schweizer minimal martingale measure in risk-sensitive control asset management
Authors: Deshpande Amogh
Published: October 2015

Kuroda and Nagai (2002) stated that the factor process in risk-sensitive control asset management is stable under the Föllmer-Schweizer minimal martingale measure. Fleming and Sheu (2002) and, more recently, Föllmer and Schweizer (2010) observed that the role of the minimal martingale measure in this portfolio optimization is yet to be established. In this paper we aim to address this question by explicitly connecting the optimal wealth allocation to the minimal martingale measure. We achieve this by using a ‘trick’ of observing this problem in the context of model uncertainty via a two person zero sum stochastic differential game between the investor and an antagonistic market that provides a probability measure. We obtain some startling insights. Firstly, if short selling is not permitted and the factor process evolves under the minimal martingale measure, then the investor's optimal strategy can only be to invest in the riskless asset (i.e. the no-regret strategy). Secondly, if the factor process and the stock price process have independent noise, then, even if the market allows short-selling, the optimal strategy for the investor must be the no-regret strategy while the factor process will evolve under the minimal martingale measure.
On generalized max-linear models and their statistical interpolation
Authors: Falk Michael , Hofmann Martin , Zott Maximilian
Published: October 2015

We propose a method to generate a max-stable process in C[0, 1] from a max-stable random vector in Rd by generalizing the max-linear model established by Wang and Stoev (2011). For this purpose, an interpolation technique that preserves max-stability is proposed. It turns out that if the random vector follows some finite-dimensional distribution of some initial max-stable process, the approximating processes converge uniformly to the original process and the pointwise mean-squared error can be represented in a closed form. The obtained results carry over to the case of generalized Pareto processes. The introduced method enables the reconstruction of the initial process only from a finite set of observation points and, thus, a reasonable prediction of max-stable processes in space becomes possible. A possible extension to arbitrary dimensions is outlined.
Backward stochastic difference equations for dynamic convex risk measures on a binomial tree
Authors: Elliott Robert J. , Siu Tak Kuen , Cohen Samuel N.
Published: October 2015

Using backward stochastic difference equations (BSDEs), this paper studies dynamic convex risk measures for risky positions in a simple discrete-time, binomial tree model. A relationship between BSDEs and dynamic convex risk measures is developed using nonlinear expectations. The time consistency of dynamic convex risk measures is discussed in the binomial tree framework. A relationship between prices and risks is also established. Two particular cases of dynamic convex risk measures, namely risk measures with stochastic distortions and entropic risk measures, and their mathematical properties are discussed.
A multitype infinite-allele branching process with applications to cancer evolution
Authors: McDonald Thomas O. , Kimmel Marek
Published: October 2015

We extend the infinite-allele simple branching process of Griffiths and Pakes (1988) allowing the offspring to change types and labels. The model is developed and limit theorems are given for the growth of the number of labels of a specific type. We also discuss the asymptotics of the frequency spectrum. Finally, we present an application of the model's use in tumorigenesis.
A note on the virtual waiting time in the stationary PH/M/c+D queue
Authors: Kawanishi Ken'ichi , Takine Tetsuya
Published: October 2015

In this paper we consider the stationary PH/M/c queue with deterministic impatience times (PH/M/c+D). We show that the probability density function of the virtual waiting time takes the form of a matrix exponential whose exponent is given explicitly by system parameters.
Expression of an S phase-stabilized version of the CDK inhibitor Dacapo can alter endoreplication
Authors: Swanson Christina I. , Meserve Joy H. , McCarter Patrick C. , Thieme Alexis , Mathew Tony , Elston Timothy C. , Duronio Robert J.
Published: October 2015

In developing organisms, divergence from the canonical cell division cycle is often necessary to ensure the proper growth, differentiation, and physiological function of a variety of tissues. An important example is endoreplication, in which endocycling cells alternate between G and S phase without intervening mitosis or cytokinesis, resulting in polyploidy. Although significantly different from the canonical cell cycle, endocycles use regulatory pathways that also function in diploid cells, particularly those involved in S phase entry and progression. A key S phase regulator is the Cyclin E/Cdk2 kinase, which must alternate between periods of high (S phase) and low (G phase) activity in order for endocycling cells to achieve repeated rounds of S phase and polyploidy. The mechanisms that drive these oscillations of Cyclin E/Cdk2 activity are not fully understood. Here, we show that the Drosophila Cyclin E/Cdk2 inhibitor Dacapo is targeted for destruction during S phase via a PIP degron, contributing to oscillations of Dap protein accumulation during both mitotic cycles and endocycles. Expression of a PIP degron mutant Dap attenuates endocycle progression but does not obviously affect proliferating diploid cells. A mathematical model of the endocycle predicts that the rate of destruction of Dap during S phase modulates the endocycle by regulating the length of G phase. We propose from this model and our in vivo data that endo S phase-coupled destruction of Dap reduces the threshold of Cyclin E/Cdk2 activity necessary to trigger the subsequent G-S transition, thereby influencing endocycle oscillation frequency and the extent of polyploidy.
Ubiquitination of CD98 limits cell proliferation and clonal expansion
Authors: Ablack Jailal N.G. , Cantor Joseph M. , Metz Patrick J. , Chang John T. , Ginsberg Mark H.
Published: October 2015

CD98 facilitates lymphocyte clonal expansion that enables adaptive immunity; conversely, increased expression of CD98 is a feature of both lymphomas and leukemias and represents a potential therapeutic target in these diseases. CD98 is transcriptionally regulated and ectopic expression of certain Membrane Associated RING-CH(MARCH) E3 ubiquitin ligases, MARCH1 or MARCH8, leads to ubiquitination and lysosomal degradation of CD98. Here we examined the potential role of ubiquitination in regulating CD98 expression and cell proliferation. We report that blocking ubiquitination by use of a catalytically-inactive MARCH or by creating a ubiquitination-resistant CD98 mutant , prevents MARCH-induced CD98 down-regulation in HeLa cells. MARCH1-null T cells display increased CD98 expression. Similarly, T cells expressing ubiquitination-resistant CD98 manifest increased proliferation in vitro and clonal expansion in vivo. Thus, ubiquitination and resulting downregulation of CD98 can limit cell proliferation and clonal expansion.
Embryo-lethal phenotypes in early abp1 mutants are due to disruption of the neighboring BSM gene
Authors: Michalko Jaroslav , Dravecká Marta , Bollenbach Tobias , Friml Jiří
Published: October 2015

The Auxin Binding Protein1 (ABP1) has been identified based on its ability to bind auxin with high affinity and studied for a long time as a prime candidate for the extracellular auxin receptor responsible for mediating in particular the fast non-transcriptional auxin responses. However, the contradiction between the embryo-lethal phenotypes of the originally described Arabidopsis T-DNA insertional knock-out alleles (abp1-1 and abp1-1s) and the wild type-like phenotypes of other recently described loss-of-function alleles (abp1-c1 and abp1-TD1) questions the biological importance of ABP1 and relevance of the previous genetic studies. Here we show that there is no hidden copy of the ABP1 gene in the Arabidopsis genome but the embryo-lethal phenotypes of abp1-1 and abp1-1s alleles are very similar to the knock-out phenotypes of the neighboring gene, BELAYA SMERT (BSM). Furthermore, the allelic complementation test between bsm and abp1 alleles shows that the embryo-lethality in the abp1-1 and abp1-1s alleles is caused by the off-target disruption of the BSM locus by the T-DNA insertions. This clarifies the controversy of different phenotypes among published abp1 knock-out alleles and asks for reflections on the developmental role of ABP1.
Age related changes of cardiovascular system in indigenous and non-indigenous female population of the Russian north
Authors: Проворова  , Provorova O. , Соколова  , Sokolova A. , Филатова  , Filatova O. , Волохова  , Volokhova M.
Published: October 2015

Revealing the regularities of human cardiovascular system’s parameters in the North can significantly affect the ongoing efforts to increase the working age and duration of life of inhabitants of Ugra. The work addresses important aspects of the state of cardiovascular system in different age groups. An increase in activity of the sympathetic autonomic system status with age in aboriginal and alien population, but individual components (cardiointervals) in the two groups behave differently. If quasiattractors demonstrate exponential type of dynamics of their size (area) in Khanty, then the non-indigenous population observed parabolic type of changes of the area of quasiattractors.
ENSURING INTERETHNIC CONCORD: CASE OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Zhanarstanova Maral , Nechaeva Elena
Published: October 2015

Ethnic issues are of great importance in the modern world in general and in Kazakhstan in particular. Kazakhstan is a multiethnic country that has created its own model of interethnic relations. This article investigates Kazakhstan’s model of interethnic concord. It analyzes the model by revealing its main pillars, which are the legal framework, depoliticization of ethnic sphere, creation of one nation on the grounds of civil rather than ethnic identity, and the influential Assembly of People of Kazakhstan.
Mães de recém-nascidos prematuros e a termo hospitalizados : avaliação do apoio social e da sintomatologia ansiogênica.
Authors: Cruz Dantas Maihana Maíra , Bezerra de Araújo Priscilla Cristhina , Da Silva Revorêdo Luciana , Guerra Pereira Hedyanne , Chaves Maia Eulália Maria
Published: October 2015

O presente estudo tem como objetivo investigar se existe relação entre apoio social e sintomas de ansiedade em mães de bebês prematuros hospitalizados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN). Além disso, objetiva-se comparar a prevalência de sintomas de ansiedade e o apoio social percebido por mães de recém nascidos prematuros hospitalizados em UTIN e mães de neonatos a termo. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, do qual participaram 70 genitoras de bebês a termo e 70 mães de recém-nascidos prematuros internados. Os instrumentos utilizados foram a Escala de Apoio Social e o Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado. Na análise dos dados foi usado o Teste U de Mann-Whitney e o Teste de Correlação de Spearman. Os resultados das correlações investigadas no grupo de mães de neonatos pré-termo, demonstraram haver uma associação negativa de intensidade fraca entre a Ansiedade-Estado e o Apoio Emocional, assim como relação negativa de intensidade de fraca a moderada entre a Ansiedade-Traço e o Apoio Social. Ademais, foi encontrada uma diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos pesquisados, tendo as genitoras de bebês prematuros apresentado uma mediana maior de Ansiedade-Estado. Destaca-se, portanto, a importância deste estudo ao constatar que existe relação entre sintomas de ansiedade e o apoio social percebido por mães de recém-nascidos prematuros hospitalizados. Também foi possível realizar a comparação entre genitoras que estavam vivendo o período do puerpério, sendo observado que a ansiedade do tipo situacional é mais prevalente em mães de neonatos pré-termo.
Análisis comparativo de predictores potenciales de prácticas disciplinarias severas con preescolares, antes y después de un entrenamiento para padres.
Authors: Solís-Cámara Pedro , Medina Cuevas Yolanda , Díaz Romero Marysela
Published: October 2015

El objetivo de este estudio consistió en determinar si un entrenamiento en pautas de crianza dirigido a padres con niños de tres a cinco años de edad modificaría las prácticas disciplinarias severas, así como algunos predictores potenciales de esas prácticas, como son el coraje-agresión y el estrés de los padres, al igual que el estrés en la interacción entre padres e hijos, y los problemas de conducta y el estrés de los niños. Sesenta padres (41 mamás y 19 papás) contestaron los cuestionarios correspondientes. La muestra se dividió al azar en grupo experimental (GE: expuesto a un entrenamiento en crianza) y grupo control (GC: sin entrenamiento). Los padres contestaron los mismos cuestionarios diez semanas después. Un análisis de regresión jerárquica (ARJ) con la muestra total mostró que el estrés en la interacción y las conductas problema fueron las principales variables predictoras de las prácticas disciplinarias (p < .01). En la segunda evaluación, los resultados indicaron la modificación significativa de las prácticas disciplinarias y de todas las variables del estudio en el GE, pero no en el GC; además, nuevos ARJ con el GC y con el GE indicaron la importancia del coraje-agresión parental como variable predictora de las prácticas disciplinarias. Los resultados se discuten en términos de la importancia de la modificación de las prácticas disciplinarias severas y sus efectos negativos en los niños, así como del uso adecuado de técnicas cognitivo-conductuales para modificar positivamente las relaciones negativas entre los padres y el niño.
Social validity by parents of special education programs based on the ecological risk : resilience model.
Authors: Acle Tomasini Guadalupe , Martínez Basurto Laura Ma. , Lozada García Rosalinda , Ordaz Villegas Gabriela
Published: October 2015

Social validity is focused on analyzing how goals, procedures, and outcomes associated to an intervention program benefit target individuals, and whether the potential of the program’s objectives itself is in turn achieved, including expectation assessment, behavioral changes, opportunities and development of new skills, abilities and strategies. In this sense, the instrumentation of the Ecological Risk/Resilience Model proves to be of great importance, particularly in special education programs focused on reducing risk factors and encouraging resilient behaviors in students with special educational needs (SEN), their parents and teachers. The purpose of this study was to validate –through parents- the acceptability, educational significance and social importance of special education intervention programs based on the above mentioned model. The Social Validity of Special Education Programs Questionnaire was completed by 45 mothers, 10 fathers, and 5 grandfathers of 30 elementary school children identified as having SEN. The main findings showed that fathers noticed increased changes of resilient behaviors in students both at school and at home. Statistically significant differences in some features were found between male and female participants and in every dimension (i.e., acceptability, educational significance and social importance) between participants from both schools. Differences between participants regarding the type of SEN addressed by the programs were not found, which emphasizes the educational relevance of programs developed under this model.
Potencial resiliente en familias con adolescentes que consumen y no consumen alcohol.
Authors: García Cortés José Manuel , García Méndez Mirna , Rivera Aragón Sofía
Published: October 2015

La adolescencia es un periodo crítico para el inicio y desarrollo de las adicciones. Para los padres de familia cada vez son más comunes las adversidades relacionadas con el consumo de alcohol de sus hijos adolescentes y las consecuencias para el desarrollo de estos. El propósito de esta investigación fue establecer si el funcionamiento familiar predice el potencial resiliente de padres con hijos adolescentes que consumen o no consumen alcohol. Participaron de manera voluntaria 140 padres y madres de familia con un hijo adolescente que presentaba un consumo riesgoso de alcohol y 187 padres y madres de familia con un adolescente que no consumía alcohol. Se aplicaron las escalas de Potencial Resiliente (García & García- Méndez, 2013) y Funcionamiento Familiar (García-Méndez, Rivera, Reyes-Lagunes, Díaz-Loving, 2006). Los resultados de las regresiones paso a paso indican que el Potencial Resiliente de los padres y madres de familia es predicho por los factores de Ambiente Familiar Positivo y Mando/Problemas en la Expresión de las Emociones de la Escala de Funcionamiento Familiar.
A implicação das atitudes parentais no uso de drogas na adolescência.
Authors: Cerutti Fernanda , De Paula Ramos Sérgio , De Lima Argimon Irani Iracema
Published: October 2015

Este estudo transversal quantitativo objetivou analisar a relação entre a percepção do adolescente sobre as atitudes parentais e sua tendência ao uso de substâncias psicoativas. Participaram 487 adolescentes brasileiros. Para análise estatística foi utilizado o Modelo Logístico Multinomial, sobre o qual se aplicou o método Stepwise para seleção de variáveis. O tabaco, o álcool e a maconha foram relacionados com as variáveis de maior influência no uso, abuso ou dependência. Verificou-se que um pai pouco afetivo, aumenta a chance de o filho ser dependente de tabaco (p = 0.001). A mãe sendo pouco afetivatem maior possibilidade de ter um filho dependente do tabaco (p = 0.001). O controle do pai é um fator protetivo para a experimentação do tabaco (p = 0.023) e para a dependência da maconha (p = 0.042). A relação entre o uso de drogas na adolescência e a percepção que o jovem tem das atitudes de seus pais ficou evidenciada.
The emergence of cognitive short-term planning : performance of preschoolers in a problem-solving task.
Authors: Guevara Guerrero Marlenny , Puche-Navarro Rebeca
Published: October 2015

The aim of this study is to identify patterns of the cognitive planning process of young children emerging in the context of a problem solving task. Using a complex dynamic systems approach, this paper depicts the main features of cognitive planning in the short term. Participants were 45 preschool children (aged 3.5 and 3.6 years) of which two case studies are described in detail. The microgenetic method was used to capture, in two months, the planning process in real time during six sessions of data collection. Thus, 96 measuring points were obtained for each child of the sample. The instrument used was a problem solving task in a virtual format, which requires the development of a plan to attain the goal. The first part of the analysis characterizes the children’s planning performance by means of cluster analysis. Two clusters were identified as a result of this analysis. In order to illustrate the performance of the sample, one child from each cluster was randomly selected as a case study. The second part of the analysis describes the two case studies. The State Space Grids (SSG) technique was used to show the short-term emergence of cognitive planning. Results of the case studies revealed two types of performance: a reduction pattern and a stable pattern of cognitive planning. These patterns indicate the ability of children to integrate the constraints of the task and consider future states in their actions. In contrast to the literature, the findings of this study reveal the resources in planning skills of preschoolers, such as self-regulation of actions aimed at attaining a goal and anticipation of future states.
Diferencias de edad y género en comportamiento social, temperamento y regulación emocional en niños argentinos.
Authors: Reyna Cecilia , Brussino Silvina
Published: October 2015

El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar las diferencias en función de la edad, el género y el nivel socio-económico en el comportamiento social (habilidades sociales y problemas de conducta), la atención focalizada, el control inhibitorio, la emocionalidad (positiva y negativa) y la regulación emocional (positiva y negativa) en niños argentinos de tres, cinco y siete años de edad. Se realizó un estudio evolutivo transversal en el cual participaron los padres y docentes de 623 niños. Los padres brindaron información acerca de aspectos socio-demográficos, y sobre el temperamento y procesos emocionales de los niños, mientras que los docentes lo hicieron con respecto al comportamiento social de los niños. El estudio de las comparaciones entre grupos se efectuó a través de análisis de varianza. Las diferencias más marcadas se atribuyeron, en primer lugar, a la edad de los niños, y en segundo lugar, al género. En términos generales, los niños de tres años mostraron un menor desempeño que el resto de los grupos, pero el desarrollo no fue lineal en todos los procesos ya que los niños de cinco años presentaron un desempeño semejante o mejor en comparación con los niños de siete años, según algunas variables.
Serial drawing in girls who display oppositional defiant behavior in the classroom.
Authors: Boone Salles Andréia Mansk
Published: October 2015

This study investigated the correlations between participation in therapy sessions involving non-directive serial drawing and subsequent improvements, or lack thereof, in the oppositional defiant behavior (ODB) of five girls aged eight to ten years in an inner-city school in London, England. Each child individually attended fifteen forty-minute sessions on a weekly basis. Each child was invited to draw anything that she wished and then to tell the story of her drawing to the researcher. The class teachers completed the ODB Questionnaire to determine a baseline measurement of this conduct. Changes in the girls’ emotional and classroom behaviors were identified based on the ODB Weekly Questionnaire completed by their teachers. The teachers also completed a Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) before the first therapy session and after the fifteenth. The House-Tree-Person (HTP) method was used on sessions one, eight and fifteen, and the results were assessed by the researcher. At the end of the study, the teachers completed the Drawing Sessions End Form. Four of the five girls showed improvements in their ODB symptoms, and one demonstrated a slight progress. Results suggested that the use of non-directive drawing encourages girls with ODB to express their thoughts and emotions in a symbolic way within a safe environment, which reduces the frequency and intensity of their emotional and behavioral outbursts in the classroom.
Efectos de un entrenamiento correctivo en la elaboración y fundamentación de preguntas de investigación.
Authors: Padilla Vargas María Antonia , Fuentes González Natalia , Pacheco Chávez Virginia
Published: October 2015

Se analizaron los efectos de un entrenamiento correctivo en la identificación y elaboración de algunos elementos de artículos empíricos (enmarcados en el Análisis Experimental de la Conducta), en el que se estudiaron los efectos de la retroalimentación y las instrucciones en tareas de discriminación condicional, con el objetivo de registrar si ello promovía el ejercicio de habilidades para elaborar y fundamentar preguntas de investigación. Participaron 20 estudiantes de psicología de una universidad pública mexicana, con edades entre los 20 y 22 años, asignados al azar a dos grupos: experimental y control. Ambos grupos fueron expuestos a una Línea Base (LB), a dos fases de entrenamiento (excepto el control) y a una sesión de evaluación. En la LB y en la evaluación los participantes debían leer dos artículos experimentales y elaborar y justificar una pregunta de investigación novedosa derivada de estos. El grupo experimental fue expuesto a un entrenamiento correctivo en la identificación (ejercicio 1) y la elaboración (ejercicio 2) de diversos elementos de artículos científicos que tenían como objetivo auspiciar desempeños en niveles intrasituacional y extrasituacional, respectivamente. Los resultados mostraron que la mayoría de los participantes del grupo experimental lograron una drástica mejoría en sus puntajes de aciertos de la LB a la evaluación, y que seis de los diez participantes fueran capaces de escribir y fundamentar sus preguntas de investigación en un nivel extrasituacional, lo que no ocurrió con los del grupo control en ningún aspecto. Los datos se discuten en términos de la importancia que tiene identificar estrategias efectivas para la formación de nuevos investigadores, sobre todo en lo relativo al desarrollo de habilidades lectoescritoras.
Role of GPR55 during Axon Growth and Target Innervation
Authors: Cherif Hosni , Argaw Anteneh , Cécyre Bruno , Bouchard Alex , Gagnon Jonathan , Javadi Pasha , Desgent Sébastien , Mackie Ken , Bouchard Jean-François
Published: October 2015

Guidance molecules regulate the navigation of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) projections toward targets in the visual thalamus. In this study, we demonstrate that the G-protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) is expressed in the retina during development, and regulates growth cone (GC) morphology and axon growth.In vitro, neurons obtained fromgpr55knock-out (gpr55-/-) mouse embryos have smaller GCs, less GC filopodia, and have a decreased outgrowth compared withgpr55+/+neurons. Whengpr55+/+neurons were treated with GPR55 agonists, lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) and O-1602, we observed a chemo-attractive effect and an increase in GC size and filopodia number. In contrast, cannabidiol (CBD) decreased the GC size and filopodia number inducing chemo-repulsion. In absence of the receptor (gpr55-/-), no pharmacologic effects of the GPR55 ligands were observed.In vivo, compared to their wild-type (WT) littermates,gpr55-/-mice revealed a decreased branching in the dorsal terminal nucleus (DTN) and a lower level of eye-specific segregation of retinal projections in the superior colliculus (SC) and in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN). Moreover, a single intraocular injection of LPI increased branching in the DTN, whereas treatment with CBD, an antagonist of GPR55, decreased it. These results indicate that GPR55 modulates the growth rate and the targets innervation of retinal projections and highlight, for the first time, an important role of GPR55 in axon refinement during development.
Nené Cascallar's Thirsty Heart
Authors: Ehrick Christine
Published: October 2015

This article is an analysis of the script of an Argentine radio serial, Corazón sediento (Thirsty Heart), that aired on Buenos Aires' Radio Splendid and its network of stations on weekday evenings in June 1954. The drama's author, Nené Cascallar (1914–82), a favorite radio librettist during the first Peronist era (1946–55), was best known for penning erotically charged melodramas aimed at mostly female audiences. In this drama, Cascallar makes particular use of sound and voice as dramatic devices and as a means to produce dramas that articulate women's desires—sexual desire, desire for freedom from patriarchal control, et cetera—while avoiding direct confrontation with these same structures. The main character's piano serves as a proxy through which she “screams” her unspoken frustrations and desires into the patriarchal soundscape of a fictitious and traditional Italian town. Thirsty Heart exemplifies golden-age radio's capacity to disrupt the gendered soundscape by allowing female voices—in their discursive, metaphorical, and sonic dimensions—to make themselves heard in new ways in the public arena. Among other things, this article asks us to consider the female voice in all its contradictory dimensions as a sonic metaphor for modernity itself. Finally, the script provides an opportunity to discuss how scholars might read this kind of historical document for issues of gender and sound.
The Radio Made Betty
Authors: Murray Sarah
Published: October 2015

Scholarly histories of Betty Crocker in the United States present the fictional General Mills character as a model home economist of the domestic science movement and the foremost illustration of midcentury “live trademark” consumer marketing. Yet it was the medium specificity of radio, and the sonic and nonsonic qualities of disembodiment required to sustain a live trademark, that solidified Betty's place in women's home service programming. Betty Crocker's on-air persona is underexplored and formative in the history of golden-age radio. How did radio make Betty, and how did Betty make radio? This article uses archival documents, listener mail, and surviving broadcasts to build a historiography of a distinctly sonic brand. While the on-air Betty Crocker was a cheerful purveyor of homemaking advice, backstage was a concentrated labor force of real women sustaining a radio-dependent brand identity through the aural, written, and physical personification of a beloved national figure.
EglN2 associates with the NRF1‐PGC1α complex and controls mitochondrial function in breast cancer
Authors: Zhang Jing , Wang Chengyang , Chen Xi , Takada Mamoru , Fan Cheng , Zheng Xingnan , Wen Haitao , Liu Yong , Wang Chenguang , Pestell Richard G , Aird Katherine M , Kaelin William G , Liu Xiaole Shirley , Zhang Qing
Published: October 2015

The EglN2/PHD1 prolyl hydroxylase is an important oxygen sensor contributing to breast tumorigenesis. Emerging studies suggest that there is functional cross talk between oxygen sensing and mitochondrial function, both of which play an essential role for sustained tumor growth. However, the potential link between EglN2 and mitochondrial function remains largely undefined. Here, we show that EglN2 depletion decreases mitochondrial respiration in breast cancer under normoxia and hypoxia, which correlates with decreased mitochondrial DNA in a HIF1/2α‐independent manner. Integrative analyses of gene expression profile and genomewide binding of EglN2 under hypoxic conditions reveal nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) motif enrichment in EglN2‐activated genes, suggesting NRF1 as an EglN2 binding partner. Mechanistically, by forming an activator complex with PGC1α and NRF1 on chromatin, EglN2 promotes the transcription of ferridoxin reductase (FDXR) and maintains mitochondrial function. In addition, FDXR, as one of effectors for EglN2, contributes to breast tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo. Our findings suggest that EglN2 regulates mitochondrial function in ERα‐positive breast cancer.
Severe paraneoplastic hypoglycemia secondary to a gastrointestinal stromal tumour masquerading as a stroke
Authors: Dimitriadis G K , Gopalakrishnan K , Rao R , Grammatopoulos D K , Randeva H S , Weickert M O , Murthy N
Published: October 2015

We report the case of a 70-year-old previously healthy female who presented acutely to the Accident and Emergency department with left-sided vasomotor symptoms including reduced muscle tone, weakness upon walking and slurred speech. Physical examination confirmed hemiparesis with VIIth nerve palsy and profound hepatomegaly. A random glucose was low at 1.7 mmol/l, which upon correction resolved her symptoms. In hindsight, the patient recalled having had similar episodes periodically over the past 3 months to which she did not give much attention. While hospitalized, she continued having episodes of symptomatic hypoglycaemia during most nights, requiring treatment with i.v. dextrose and/or glucagon. Blood tests including insulin and C-peptide were invariably suppressed, in correlation with low glucose. A Synacthen stimulation test was normal (Cort (0′) 390 nmol/l, Cort (30′) 773 nmol/l). A computed tomography scan showed multiple lobulated masses in the abdomen, liver and pelvis. An ultrasound guided biopsy of one of the pelvic masses was performed. Immunohistochemistry supported the diagnosis of a gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST) positive for CD34 and CD117. A diagnosis of a non islet cell tumour hypoglycaemia (NICTH) secondary to an IGF2 secreting GIST was confirmed with further biochemical investigations (IGF2=96.5 nmol/l; IGF2:IGF1 ratio 18.9, ULN <10). Treatment with growth hormone resolved the patient's hypoglycaemic symptoms and subsequent targeted therapy with Imatinib was successful in controlling disease progression over an 8-year observation period.

Learning points

NICTH can be a rare complication of GISTs that may manifest with severe hypoglycaemia and neuroglucopenic symptoms.

NICTH can masquerade as other pathologies thus causing diagnostic confusion.

Histological confirmation of GIST induced NICTH and exclusion of other conditions causing hypoglycaemia is essential.

Mutational analysis of GISTs should be carried out in all cases as it guides treatment decision.

Tailored management of hypoglycaemia, in this case using growth hormone and targeted cyto-reductive therapy, minimizes the risk of possible life-threatening complications.