bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel physiological paradigm for assessing reward anticipation and extinction using cortical direct current potential responses in rats
Authors: Matsuda Yoshiki , Ozawa Nobuyuki , Shinozaki Takiko , Tatebayashi Yoshitaka , Honda Makoto , Shinba Toshikazu
Published: November 2023

Anhedonia is characterized by reduced motivation, decreased sensitivity to rewards, and diminished pleasure. However, no direct neurophysiological method is available to assess motivational anhedonia with disrupted reward anticipation. We established a novel physiological paradigm using cortical direct current (DC) potential responses in rats to assess reward anticipation. This paradigm consisted of five daily 1-h sessions with two tones, where the rewarded tone was followed by electrical stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle every second, while the unrewarded tone was not. On day 1, both tones led to a negative DC shift immediately after auditory responses. This negative shift progressively increased and peaked on day 4, with the rewarded tone exhibiting a significantly larger magnitude. The DC shift from 600 to 1000 ms significantly increased following the rewarded tone compared with that following the unrewarded tone on day 3. This DC shift was prominent in the frontal cortex and played a crucial role in discriminative anticipation. During the extinction sessions, the shift diminished significantly on day 1. These findings suggest that cortical DC potential is related to reward anticipation and could be a valuable tool for evaluating animal models of depression, providing a testing system for anhedonia.
Spatial Heterogeneity study of Early Child Marriages before and after implementation of Prohibition of Child Marriage Act (2006) in India: Evidence from National Family Health Survey, 2015-16
Authors: Mayank Mayank Singh , ANUJ ANUJ SINGH , Jagriti Jagriti Gupta
Published: November 2023

Background
Despite numerous laws, rights, and well-known health concerns, child marriage remains to be prevalent in developing countries such as India. This practice is fueled by a complex interaction of social and normative attitudes and values that are understated in national and even state-level assessments of child marriage drivers. This study aims to assess the spatial pattern and associated factors of early-marriage before and after Prohibition of Child Marriage Act in Indian districts among reproductive aged women.
Methods
Univariate and Bivariate analysis, Multiple logistic regression, Moran’s I Statistics and Regression analysis (OLS and Spatial Error/Lag Model) were carried out for the analysis of data in our study. The data came from the fourth round of the National Family Health Survey (2015-16).
Results
This study finds wide inter districts heterogeneity in levels of child marriage, one decade before and after prohibition of child marriage across India. The prevalence of child marriage has substantially declined (nearly 21%) after implementation of prohibition of child marriage act. Bivariate Moran’s I value for rural was found to be highest 0.76 and 0.72 before and after implemented act respectively suggesting high spatial auto-correlation of early-marriages in the rural-districts of India.
Conclusions
The findings of this study show that the prevalence of child marriage has substantially declined after implementation of child marriage act but this declining trend of child marriage has been accompanied by many factors apart from enforcement of laws against child marriage practice. Furthermore, future child marriage programs and policies should take into account improving economic status, enhancing female sovereignty and marital decision-making in the home, as well as the geographic, social, and normative aspects of the local community.
Study on the mechanism of action of Wu Mei Pill in inhibiting rheumatoid arthritis through TLR4-NF-κB pathway
Authors: Fu Yuheng , Gao Chunyu , Teng Hongbo , Sun Xialin , Zhao Yaru , Zhang Wenxin , Li Siwen , Huang Liang , Fan Bowen , Zhao Yan , Zhang Haibo
Published: November 2023

Background
Wu Mei Pills (WMP) is a traditional Chinese medication that exhibits considerable anti-inflammatory effects. While WMP has been documented for its efficacy in treating RA, its mechanism of action on the condition remains unestablished.
Methods
The chemical composition of WMP was analysed through UPLC-MS. Next, the ELISA, cell scratch, Transwell, and Western blotting techniques were used to investigate its intrinsic mechanism. Lastly, the effect of WMP in inhibiting RA was explored by applying it to CIA rats.
Result
UPLC-MS analysis detected 181 compounds in WMP. RA-FLS migration and invasion mechanisms were significantly hindered by serum containing WMP (2%, 8%). Moreover, WMP (0.5 g/kg, 2 kg/kg) restricted arthritis and immune organ indices in CIA rats with type II collagen-induced rheumatoid arthritis by blocking TLR4-NF-κB inflammatory pathway activation.
Conclusions
WMP is valuable in mitigating the course of RA through inhibiting the classical TLR4-NF-κB inflammatory pathway and reducing the secretion of inflammatory factors in the serum of RA-FLS and CIA rats. Moreover, it regulates the dynamic balance of MMP-2/TIMP-2, MMP-9/TIMP-1, modulates the mechanism of RA-FLS invasion, and safeguards articular cartilage tissues in RA.
Implants equipped with blades aiming to control the lateral pressure on the cortical bone. An experimental study in dogs
Authors: Kanayama Masatsugu , Ferri Mauro , Guzon Fernando M. Muñoz , Asano Akihisa , Alccayhuaman Karol Alí Apaza , De Rossi Ermenegildo Federico , Botticelli Daniele
Published: November 2023

Background
To avoid cortical compression, several implant systems have included dedicated drills aimed at widening the cortical region of osteotomy. However, the manual execution of this operation does not guarantee the necessary precision. Hence, the present study aimed to determine the optimal size of the recipient site at the level of the alveolar crest in relation to the size of the coronal region of the implant to achieve the best healing result. Materials and methods: Blades of different diameters were incorporated into the coronal part of the implant to prepare the cortical region of the bone crest in different dimensions in relation to the collar of the implant. The differences in diameter of the blades in relation to the collar of the implant were as follows: one control group, -175 µm, and three test groups, 0 µm, + 50 µm, or + 200 µm. Results: The marginal bone loss (MBL) at the buccal aspect was 0.7 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.2 mm, and 0.7 mm in the − 175 µm, 0.0 µm, + 50 µm, + 200 µm groups, respectively. The differences were statistically significant between group + 50 µm and control group − 175 µm (p = 0.019), and between + 50 µm and + 200 µm (p < 0.01) groups. The level of osseointegration at the buccal aspect was more coronally located in the test groups than in the control group, whereas the bone-to-implant contact percentage was higher in the + 50 µm and + 200 µm groups. However, these differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions: The lowest bone crest resorption and highest levels of osseointegration were observed in the 0.0 µm and + 50 µm groups. Only the difference between the + 50 µm and control + 200 µm groups was significant. The cortical region where the blades had performed their cutting action showed regular healing with perfect sealing in all the groups. Cortical blades gathered bone particles, particularly in the + 200 µm group, which were incorporated into the newly formed bone. The results from the present experiment provide support to the use of blades that produce a marginal gap of 50 µm after implant insertion.
A Review of Additive Usage in Polymer Manufacturing: Case Study Phenolic Antioxidants
Authors: Orndoff Derek , Lone Sohail , Beymer-Farris Betsy , Wood Morgan , Sadler Jennifer , Ternes Mary Ellen , Hester Tracy , Miller Kevin M. , Seay Jeffrey
Published: November 2023

The March 2, 2022, United Nations Resolution 5/14: “End plastic pollution: Towards a legally binding instrument” by 2024 provides an important path forward for addressing global plastic pollution, beginning with monomer design and production through the value chain to the final fate of plastic products, including resource recovery. Of the many goals set for this effort, simplifying the polymer and additive universe is one of the most significant. One of the primary obstacles to resource recovery from plastic waste is the variability of the plastic universe, which renders post-use plastic inherently waste-like and virtually unrecoverable. The toxicity levels of chemical additives in plastics are a significant threat to human and ecosystem health. Another obstacle is leakage of microplastic generated during the recovery and recycling process and is now traceable in our ecosystems, our food, and even our bodies. Thus, while simplification measures will not address microplastic and leaching of chemicals during use of plastic, such as for tires, synthetic fibers and coatings, these measures simplify the plastic universe and mitigate microplastic leakage that is fundamentally critical to ensuring a circular use of plastic in our society. This study provides a proof of concept for simplification of the plastic universe through elimination of additives revealed as problematic due to unnecessary redundancy and variability, as well as persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity. Further, this study provides a specific focus on to revealing potential paths toward both simplifying and reducing the variability in polymers, plastic waste streams and ultimately plastic pollution, while preserving critical uses and supporting circularity. This study focuses on phenolic antioxidants to prove this concept, however, the same principles discussed and illustrated herein can be applied to other additive classes.
Associational effects of Desmodium intercropping on maize resistance and secondary metabolism
Authors: Bass Ethan , Mutyambai Daniel , Midega Charles , Khan Zeyaur R , Kessler André
Published: November 2023

Intercropping is drawing increasing attention as a strategy to increase crop yields and manage pest pressure; however the mechanisms of associational resistance remain controversial. We conducted a controlled experiment to assess the impact of co-planting with silverleaf Desmodium (Desmodium uncinatum) on maize secondary metabolism and resistance to herbivory by the spotted stemborer (Chilo partellus). Two maize varieties were grown either with Desmodium or adjacent to it in separate pots. Our findings indicate that co-planting with Desmodium influences secondary metabolism and herbivore resistance through both above and below-ground mechanisms. Stronger effects were generally observed when maize and Desmodium shared the same pot, implying that direct root contact or soil-borne cues play an important role in mediating associational effects on plant resistance in this system.
Accuracy of the recording of pneumonia events in English electronic healthcare record data in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Adamson Alexander J , Kallis Constantinos , Douglas Ian , Quint Jennifer K.
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND
In primary care, identifying pneumonia events in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may be challenging due to similarities in symptoms with COPD exacerbations and lack of diagnostic testing. This study explored the accuracy of pneumonia diagnosis coded in primary care by comparing diagnosis in primary care with diagnosis in hospital.
METHODS
A study population of people with COPD in England was created using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum database linked with Hospital Episode Statistics inpatient data. Pneumonia codes only, and pneumonia code with associated clinical and/or treatment codes (chest x-ray, symptoms, antibiotics, sputum and blood culture) were used to determine pneumonia events in primary care. Events that were followed by hospitalisation within 7 days were used to estimate the positive predictive value (PPV) of pneumonia coding in primary care, using primary diagnosis of pneumonia in secondary care as the gold standard. The PPV of primary care recording of hospitalised pneumonia was also calculated.
RESULTS
274,156 COPD patients were eligible for inclusion, of whom 7,560 had an eligible pneumonia event in primary care diagnosed between 2015–2019 which was not ‘hospital-acquired’ and was diagnosed and entered on the same day. Of the 2,094 events which were followed by hospitalisation within 7 days, 1,208 had a primary diagnosis of pneumonia in hospital, representing a PPV of pneumonia coding in primary care of 57.7% (95% CI 55.6%-59.8%). Another 284 (13.6%) were diagnosed as a COPD exacerbation and 114 (5.4%) were diagnosed as another respiratory disease. Use of additional pneumonia clinical and treatment codes had a modest effect on the PPV but substantially lowered the number of events. Of the 33,603 eligible pneumonia events identified in secondary care, only 11,445 were recorded in primary care within 42 days, representing a sensitivity of 34.1% (95% CI 33.6%-34.6%).
CONCLUSIONS
Use of primary care pneumonia codes and associated clinical and treatment codes to determine pneumonia is not recommended due to significant levels of misdiagnosis and many hospitalised events failing to be recorded in primary care.
Single-cell transcriptomic profiling uncovers cellular complexity and microenvironment in gastric tumorigenesis associated with Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Li Nianshuang , Xu Xinbo , Wang Huan , Zheng Pan , Chen Sihai , Zhou Yanan , Fei Xiao , Lei Yuting , Yang Xiaoyu , Ouyang Yaobin , Xie Chuan , He Cong , Hu Yi , Cao Yi , Li Zhengrong , Guo Guoji , Ge Zhongming , Wu William Ka Kei , Shu Xu , Liu Jianping , Lu Nonghua , Zhu Yin
Published: November 2023

Background Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a key initiating factor in the Correa cascade of gastric carcinogenesis, but the comprehensive understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying H. pylori -induced gastric cancer (GC) remains elusive. Here, we generated a single-cell atlas of gastric tumorigenesis comprising 18 specimens of gastritis, intestinal metaplasia and GC with or without H. pylori infection.
Results Gradually decreased proportion of epithelial cells and increased percentages of myeloid cells were observed in Correa carcinogenic cascade. Remarkably, the epithelial subset enterocytes were highly enriched in intestinal metaplasia, with high expression of lipid metabolism-related genes, and HNF4G was predicted as its specific transcription factor. Compared to non-cancerous tissues, GC exhibited completely different fibroblast cell states, with enrichment of immune regulatory functions. Furthermore, the differentially expressed genes, in H. pylori-positive and negative epithelial cells, fibroblasts and myeloid cells, were identified. Notably,the stromal cells, particularly inflammatory-cancer associated fibroblasts (iCAFs) and tumor-like Endothelial cells (ECs), play an important contributory role in GC microenvironment. H. pylori-positive specimens exhibited enriched cell-cell communication, with significantly active SPP1, TNF signaling networks.
Conclusions Our study provides a comprehensive landscape of gastric carcinogenesis ecosystem and novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying H. pylori-induced GC.
An economic model to understand the cost-effectiveness of olanzapine orally dispersible tablets (ODT) and olanzapine film coated tablets as a group compared with other oral atypical antipsychotics for treating schizophrenia in Morocco
Authors: Tazi Ahmed , Errachidi Prof. Faouzi , Sonawane Dipesh , Tahri Ghizlane , Rao Sameer , Mehta Suyog
Published: November 2023

Background:
Antipsychotic medications are the primary treatment for schizophrenia, with olanzapine being an effective medication for schizophrenia. The economic cost for each individual with schizophrenia is high, with antipsychotic medication being a major expense. This study aims to develop an economic decision model that compares different treatment options for schizophrenia patients, including olanzapine Orally Dispersible Tablets (ODT), olanzapine [ODT + Standard Oral Tablet (SOT)], risperidone (ODT + SOT), and aripiprazole (ODT + SOT), to determine their cost-effectiveness with an objective to optimize healthcare resource allocation in Morocco.
Methods:
The study used published medical literature and a clinical expert panel to develop a decision analytic model. This model was designed to capture parameters such as adherence levels, treatment discontinuation, relapse with and without hospitalization, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), treatment-related adverse events, healthcare resource utilization, and associated costs. The main outcomes of interest included the total annual direct cost per treatment, QALYs, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) per 1 QALY gained. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were employed to account for parameter uncertainty.
Results:
According to the simulation model, the ODT and ODT + SOT as a group form of olanzapine was the most effective treatment option in terms of a lowest percentages of inpatient relapse, and patients who remained stable (11% and 79% respectively) than risperidone (19% and 62% respectively) and aripiprazole ODT (26% and 50% respectively) and ODT + SOT formulation groups. Olanzapine (ODT + SOT) therapy group was cost-effective when compared to the combined group of ODT + SOT forms of risperidone (ICER: Moroccan Dirham (MAD) 103,907), and aripiprazole (ICER: MAD 65,047). Additionally, olanzapine ODT was found to be cost-effective compared to olanzapine SOT with an ICER of MAD 3,921, risperidone ODT with an ICER of MAD 1,02,298, risperidone SOT with an ICER of MAD 31,088, and aripiprazole ODT or SOT formulations. All the above ICERs fall under the willingness-to-pay threshold in Morocco of MAD 250,832.40. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the reliability of the findings.
Conclusions:
The model concluded that olanzapine ODT is the most cost-effective first-line treatment option for schizophrenia in Morocco when compared to other atypical antipsychotic medications in ODT and SOT formulations.
Primary oral mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasm (MiNEN): a rare case report and review of the literature
Authors: Sripo Pawat , Kouketsu Atsumu , Kuroda Kanako , Miyashita Hitoshi , Sugiura Tsuyoshi , Kumamoto Hiroyuki
Published: November 2023

Mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasms (MiNENs) are rare tumors recently characterized by the presence of both neuroendocrine and non-neuroendocrine components within the same tumor tissue. Although MiNEN found their place in the WHO classification for various organs, this composite tumor in the head and neck region remains uncharted. We present a case of primary oral MiNEN in a 64-year-old male located on the left side of lower gingiva. Biopsy raised suspicion of neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) and the patient underwent partial mandibulectomy. The resected specimen showed two distinct components of NEC and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with the confirmation of immunohistochemical markers. There has been no sign of recurrence nor metastasis 6 years after the surgery. In addition, we have conducted a review of published cases with potential relevance to this entity, resulting in 5 cases. The diverse terminology reinforces the need for a standardized classification system of oral/head and neck MiNENs.
Standardization of suitable Gamma irradiation doses 60 Co for mutagenesis in strawberry (Fragaria × annanasa Duch) cv. Chandler
Authors: Rodge Rahul R. , Rajan Rajni , Sharma Sunny , Singh Tanya
Published: November 2023

The process of mutation breeding for strawberry varieties entailed subjecting runner sections to irradiation, specifically utilizing three unique dosages of 60Co-gamma rays. The present study was carried out at Lovely Professional University, wherein strawberry runners belonging to the cv. Chandler were subjected to varying dosages of acute gamma radiation. The irradiation therapy was conducted at Punjab Agriculture University using the 60Co source. Different concentrations, namely 20 Gy, 30 Gy, 40 Gy, and 0 Gy, were administered at a consistent dosage rate of 1.52 Gy per minute. The physiological effects arising from irradiation were evaluated by the LD50 analysis, which was measured 30 days post-transplantation, serving as a benchmark for three distinct levels of irradiation dosages. The highest mortality rate was recorded in the group exposed to the maximal dosage of irradiation, which was 40 Gy. In addition to the control group, it was noted that the irradiated dose of 20Gy yielded the greatest plant height, fruit length, and diameter, while the lowest results were obtained from the 40 Gy treatment. Furthermore, the 20 Gy dose exhibited the largest leaf area index, number of leaves, and chlorophyll levels, whereas the 40 Gy treatment yielded the lowest outcomes. The occurrence of early flower bud formation was documented at a dose of 30 Gy, while late flower bud formation was observed at a dose of 20 Gy. Additionally, early flowering was noted at a dose of 40 Gy, with late flowering occurring at a dose of 20 Gy. Furthermore, early fruit set was found at a dose of 40 Gy, while late fruit set was observed at a dose of 20 Gy. In our observation of yield, we recorded the largest number of buds, flowers, and fruits at a radiation dose of 20 Gy. Conversely, we noticed a lesser number of buds with a radiation dose of 40 Gy. The results indicate that the maximum values for primary secondary root length and root number were recorded in the 30 Gy treatment, while the lowest values were observed in the 40 Gy treatment. Additionally, a greater number of deformed fruit and leaves were observed in the 40 Gy treatment of gamma irradiation dose. These findings would be beneficial in future endeavours aimed at producing potential mutants in the strawberry plant.
eDNA reveals the ecology and seasonal migration of a rare sturgeon species in the Ural River
Authors: Abileva Gulmira , Turzhanova Ainur , Zhamangara Aizhan , Khapilina Oxana , Kalendar Ruslan
Published: November 2023

Environmental DNA (eDNA) technology is an essential tool for monitoring living organisms in ecological research. The combination of eDNA methods with traditional methods of ecological observation can significantly improve the study of the ecology of rare species. Here we present the development and application of an eDNA approach to identify rare sturgeons in the lower reaches of the Ural River (Zhaiyk) (~ 1084 km). The presence of representatives of the genus Sturgeon was detected at all sites in spring (nine sites) and autumn (ten sites), while they were absent during the summer period, consistent with their semi-anadromous ecology. Detection in spring and autumn indicates the passage of spring and winter forms to the lower and upper spawning grounds respectively. This study confirms the difficulties of species-specific identification of Eurasian sturgeon and provides the first documented eDNA detection of specimens of the genus Sturgeon in the Ural River. It also provides a biogeographic snapshot of their distribution, experimentally confirming their seasonal migrations in the lower reaches of the river. The successful detection of sturgeon motivates further eDNA surveys of this and other fish species for accurate species identification and population assessment, opening up prospects for the management of these threatened species.
The Effects of Nordic Walking on Working Memory in Middle-aged and Elderly Women: Evidence from the ERP
Authors: Zhang Yanhui , Zheng Jian , Xu Chang
Published: November 2023

Objectives To explore the effect of Nordic walking on working memory in middle-aged and elderly women.
Methods. Fifty-four women were divided randomly into two groups: 6-month Nordic walkingintervention and no intervention (control). Working memory performance was assessed using 1-back and 3-back tasks, and an event-related potential measure was used to identify temporal components of the neurofunctional underpinnings of this performance.
Results Nordic walking significantly enhanced the discernment aspect of working memory. It also increased P3 amplitude and decreased P3 latency.
Conclusion The findings of this study suggest that Nordic walking can enhance working memory and neural activity in middle-aged and elderly women and thus that it may serve as an effective exercise for these groups.
Tailored apoptotic vesicles promote bone regeneration by releasing the osteoinductive brake
Authors: Liu Yunsong , Zhang Xiao , Cheng Yawen , Zhu Yuan , Liu Yaoshan , Liu Xuenan , Ding Yanan , Li Deli
Published: November 2023

Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that apoptotic vesicles (apoVs) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play a vital role in bone regeneration, and possess superior capabilities compared to MSCs and other extracellular vesicles derived from MSCs (like exosomes). The osteoinductive effect of MSC-apoVs is attributed to their diverse contents, especially enriched proteins or microRNAs (miRNAs). To optimize their osteoinductive capacity, it is indispensable to determine the unique cargo profiles of MSC-apoVs. In our previous study, we established the protein landscape and identified the specific proteins of MSC-apoVs. However, the features and functions of miRNAs enriched in MSC-apoVs remain elusive. In this study, we compared MSCs, MSC-apoVs, and MSC-exosomes from two different types of MSCs. We established a unique miRNA map of MSC-apoVs and identified 7 miRNAs specifically enriched in apoVs compared to MSCs and MSC-exosomes, which can be used as apoV-specific miRNAs. Among these 7 specific miRNAs, hsa-miR-4485-3p is the most abundant and stable miRNA. Then, we explored whether it is the main motive force responsible for apoV osteoinductive function. Unexpectedly, hsa-miR-4485-3p enriched in apoVs is proven to inhibit osteogenesis but promote adipogenesis by targeting the AKT pathway. Tailored apoVs by downregulating hsa-miR-4485-3p exhibited a more powerful effect in bone regeneration than normal apoVs. Like releasing the brake, we acquired more powerful osteoinductive apoVs. In summary, we determined miRNA cargo, identified the specific miRNAs of MSC-apoVs, and constructed an optimized tailored apoVs with excellent osteo-inductivity which is promising in apoV-based therapy for bone regeneration.
Afaan Oromo Multi-Label News Text Classification Using Deep Learning Approach
Authors: mosisa Sena
Published: November 2023

Classification is a technique for categorizing textual data into a form of predefined categories. Due to its major consequences in regard to critical tasks such as Information Retrieval, Question Answering, Text Summarization, and Natural Language Understanding, categorization of texts has grown in importance in many real-world applications. Text classification can be done in two different ways: manual and automatic classification. In the manual text classification, A human annotator interprets the substance of text and categorizes it suitably in classification. This procedure normally produces good results, although it is time-consuming and costly. While automatic the task of automatically assigned semantic categories to natural language text, has become one of the methods for organized online information. Despite the fact that several works are done for multi label classification in English and other languages. However, very few works have been worked for multi label classification in the Afaan Oromo language and this due the lack of resources. Most researchers have applied a machine learning approach for classification in Afaan Oromo while no researchers have used a deep learning approach for multi label classification task. Afaan Oromo news texts data are collected from different sources such OBC, FBC and BBC Afaan Oromo. We use the LSTM model using the training dataset and for the classification process. The proposed model is pass through the process of: -preprocessing, wordembedding, deep network building, training the model and classification. To predict class label, the word embedding is used separately and in various combinations through several channels of LSTM, including a single layer and a three-layer with nine outputs, Sigmoid activation functions, and binary cross entropy loss functions. we used software Python to pre-process the data and design the model. Finally, the multi label Afaan Oromo text classification model achieves an accuracy. Micro -F1 90.20% and 83% value for the best for six and nine and macro F1 90.20%and 85.41% for six and nine class respectively.
Admission and goodbye letters from adolescents with anorexia nervosa in a day hospital
Authors: Pinto Sarah , Minier Lisa , Hirot France , Drecq Pauline , Huas Caroline , Godart Nathalie
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Care provision for adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN) encounters difficulties inherent in the illness (denial, ambivalence) and those related to the fact that it is most often the parents who bring adolescents to care units.A mirror analysis was conductedh the fact that it is the parents who most often bring adolescents to get care.ureuse?nts emplois Our aim was to study the discourse of adolescents with AN treated in a specialized day hospital by way of an analysis of letters written before and after treatment.
Method: Adolescents (12-20 years old) treated for AN in a specialized day hospital, providing multidisciplinary care while enabling a return to schooling inside the facility, were included. We analysed 50 admission letters and 23 goodbye letters using general inductive analysis. A mirror analysis was conducted.
Results: In the admission letters, symptoms, calls for help, and reports on the care trajectories were central themes. Among the categories noted in the admission and goodbye letters, certain were similar, some mirrored others and a few differed.
Conclusion: This study highlights how ambivalence and motivations towards care, recovery and illness interact. It also shows the evolution of the adolescents’ positions via their narratives on their experience of care, the constraints involved and how beneficial it was for them. The results are discussed in a care perspective.
Differentiating benign from malignant ovarian masses with solid components: diagnostic performance of CEUS combined with IOTA simple rules and O-RADS
Authors: Lu Beilei , Liu Chang , Wang Pan , Yang Ping , Zhao Zhengyong , He Wanyuan , Huang Beijian , Qi Jiuling
Published: November 2023

Background Annexal tumors containing the solid components have always been the primary focus of clinical practice and cause difficulty in differential diagnosis. Nevertheless, the existing diagnostic methods currently reported exhibit comparatively lower accuracy in identifying solid or solid-cystic ovarian diseases. This study aimed to apply the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) Simple Rules (SR), the Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System (O-RADS) and contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in identical cohort of Chinese patients and to analyze their performance in discrimination of ovarian masses with solid components.
Methods This was a two-center retrospective study that included a total of 94 ovarian lesions in 86 women enrolled from January 2018 to February 2023. The lesions were classified by using the IOTA terminology and CEUS was performed for the lesions exhibiting solid components on ultrasonography, IOTA SR and O-RADS were applied, and CEUS images were analyzed retrospectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver-operating-characteristics curve (AUC) of the different models were also determined.
Results: Among the 94 ovarian lesions, 46 (48.9%) were benign and 48 (51.1%) were malignant. It was found that in the 60 lesions to which the SR could be applied, the sensitivity, specificity and AUC was 0.900, 0.667 and 0.783, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity and AUC of O-RADS was observed to be 1.000, 0.283 and 0.641, respectively. When SR and O-RADS were combined with CEUS, their sensitivity, specificity, and AUC values were increased to 0.917, 0.891, 0.904 and 0.958, 0.783, 0.871, respectively.
Conclusion IOTA SR and O-RADS exhibited relatively low specificity in differentiating malignant from benign ovarian lesions with the solid components, and their diagnostic performance can be significantly improved when combined with CEUS.
Unraveling the Complexities of Aerosol-Meteorology Interactions on Snowmelt in High Mountain Asia
Authors: Roychoudhury Chayan , He Cenlin , Kumar Rajesh , Arellano Avelino
Published: November 2023

Snowmelt in High Mountain Asia is heavily influenced by interactions of aerosols and meteorology. However, uncertainties persist due to the complexity of these interactions, which are typically addressed using myopic approaches and are insufficiently represented in current climate models. Equally ambiguous is the impact of these interactions on snow processes in the context of climate change. Here we present a broader strategy using network theory to attribute key quantities that influence higher-order processes within snowmelt. We combine statistical and machine learning methods using observational and model data, highlighting the underappreciated relevance of coupled processes between aerosols and meteorology on snow, as well as the inconsistent representation of aerosol-meteorology interactions within major reanalyses. We find that carbonaceous aerosols and large-scale circulation emerge as the main drivers of snow interactions, emphasizing the need for their serious consideration in integrated Earth system models for the accurate assessment of water availability in developing economies.
Effects of Alkali Treatment and Drying Method on Densification Process of Bamboo
Authors: Júnior¹ André Luiz Pereira Godoy , Amaral¹ Leo Maia , Galvão¹ Adriano , Molano¹ Juan Camilo Adrada , Junior¹ Holmer Savastano , Kadivar¹ Marzieh
Published: November 2023

In this study, a two-step process of delignification and densification was carried out on Dendrocalamus Asper bamboo specimens. It is aimed to investigate the densification properties of the bamboo samples after removing the lignin. To delignify the samples, two different approaches were applied. The first group was treated in a room-temperature NaOH + NaSO3 solution, while the second group was treated in the same solution at 100 oC. Afterward, the samples were dried in either an oven with 100 oC or at room temperature of 25 oC. Hence, a total of four different groups of delignified and dried samples were produced with an average moisture content of 7 - 10 %. The samples were then densified to 50 % of their original thickness having the thickness reduction determined a priori using a thermo-mechanical press system at 160 oC. The results indicated that all alkali treated samples required a lower load for the densification process compared to the reference. Average compression stress of 17.0 MPa for the reference, 10.3 MPa for the samples treated with alkali solution at room temperature, and 7 MPa for the boiled alkali solution treated samples were applied to achieve a densification degree of 50%. The drying process also affected the compression resistance of bamboo and oven-dried specimens showed an increase of 30% and 17% for room temperature and boiling temperature treatment respectively. The modulus of rupture, limit of proportionality, and elastic modulus of densified bamboo were all negatively impacted by the pre-treatment, according to the results of the bending test. Overall, untreated and treated bamboo displayed similar behavior for physical attributes in densified samples. After being treated with alkaline solution, bamboo showed reduced levels of lignin as well as hemicellulose and cellulose, according to chemical tests. In conclusion although the treatment facilitates the densification process, the time employed for the treatment and the final properties of the material did not prove to be advantageous
Density and Public Transit – Victims of COVID Pandemic?
Authors: Grover Himanshu
Published: November 2023

Urban sustainable development policies that promote high density and increased use of public transit are known for their numerous public health benefits, such as fostering increased physical activity, reducing obesity and disease rates, improving access to nutritious food, and enhancing healthcare availability. However, continued public support is critical for local adoption and implementation of such policies. The goal of this study is to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on public support for such high-density and public transit. Data for this study was gathered using an online survey administered in the Seattle metropolitan area during April to May 2023. The findings indicate a significant negative relationship between concerns about COVID-19 transmission and public support for higher urban density and enhanced public transit access. This trend poses a challenge for public health and sustainability advocates. A decline in public support will potentially undermine the ability of growing communities to embrace and implement development policies that promote density and public transit. The reduction in public support raises concerns about a possible policy shift towards lower urban densities and decreased public transit use, reverting to less sustainable growth patterns. Such a shift could have detrimental long-term consequences for urban sustainability and public health. These results emphasize the need for a nuanced understanding of public sentiment in policy formulation and implementation in the post-pandemic era.
Deciphering Tissue-Specific Expression Profiles of Mitochondrial Genome-encoded tRNAs and rRNAs through Transcriptomic Profiling in Buffalo
Authors: E.M Sadeesh , -MSc Anuj Malik
Published: November 2023

Background
Mitochondria, essential for cellular energy production through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS),
integrate mt-DNA and nuclear-encoded genes. This cooperation extends to the mitochondrial translation machinery, involving crucial mtDNA-encoded RNAs: 22 tRNAs (mt-tRNAs) as adapters and 2 rRNAs (mt-rRNAs) for ribosomal assembly, enabling mitochondrial-encoded mRNA translation. Disruptions in mitochondrial gene expression can profoundly impact energy generation and overall animal health. Our study delves into the tissue-specific expression patterns of mt-tRNAs and mt-rRNAs in buffalo.
Material & Methods
To investigate the expression patterns of mt-tRNAs and mt-rRNAs in different tissues and gain a better understanding of tissue-specific their variations, RNA-seq was performed on various tissues, such as the kidney, heart, brain, and ovary, from post- pubertal female buffaloes. Subsequently, we identified transcripts that were differentially expressed in various tissue comparisons.
Results
The findings reveal distinct expression patterns among specific mt-tRNA genes across various tissues, with some exhibiting significant upregulation and others demonstrating marked downregulation in specific tissue contexts. Additionally, variations are noted in the expression patterns of mt-rRNA genes across diverse tissues. These identified variations reflect tissue-specific physiological roles, underscoring their significance in meeting the unique energy demands of each tissue. Notably, the brain exhibits the highest mtDNA copy numbers and an abundance of mitochondrial mRNAs of our earlier findings, potentially linked to the significant upregulation of mt-tRNAs in brain. This suggests a plausible association between mtDNA replication and the regulation of mtDNA gene expression.
Conclusion
Overall, our study unveils the tissue-specific expression of mitochondrial-encoded non-coding RNAs in buffalo. As we proceed, our further investigations into tissue-specific mitochondrial proteomics and
microRNA studies aim to elucidate the intricate mechanisms within mitochondria, contributing to tissue-specific mitochondrial attributes. These endeavors promise to reveal mitochondrial pivotal role in animal healthcare.
Artificial nighttime lighting impacts Plasmodium falciparum mature stage V gametocytes infectivity in Anopheles stephensi
Authors: Llergo Jose Luis , Garuti Helena , Lopez Celia , Sanchez Julia , Calvo David
Published: November 2023

Background: Malaria is one of the most important vector-borne diseases of humans with an estimated 241 million cases worldwide in 2020. As an urban and periurban mosquito species, An. stephensi is exposed to artificial human stimuli like light that can alter many aspects of mosquito behavior, physiology and metabolism. Therefore, fluctuations in the light environment may influence the host, parasite and/or mosquito biology and hence modulate risk for disease transmission. In this study, we have tested the effect of artifitial light at night on mosquito infectivity by Plasmodium falciparum during the first hours of blood digestion.
Methods: A total of three independent Standard Membrane Feeding Assays were performed to artificially fed septic and aseptic mosquitoes with P. falciparuminfected blood. After blood feeding, females were transferred to incubators with different photoperiod cycles, so digestion occurred under day artificial light or dark. At 7 and 16 days post blood feeding, mosquitoes were dissected for midguts and salivary glands respectively. Percentage of mosquitoes fed, percentage of prevalence and P. falciparum oocyst intensity between septic and aseptic mosquitoes in the two different photoperiod regimes were compared using a non-parametric ANOVA followed by a Dunn´s multiple comparison test.
Results: The exposition of mosquitoes to light after they took an infected blood meal will have a negative effect on the successful progression of P. falciparumin the mosquito midgut. Antibiotic treatment significantly incremented the number of oocysts per midgut. Photophase significantly reduced the median oocyst intensity in both septic and aseptic mosquitoes. The percentage of oocyst reduction, understood as the percentage of reduction in the mean oocyst intensity of the parasite in the mosquito midgut between photophase and scotophase, was 51% in the case of aseptic mosquitoes and 80% for septic mosquitoes, both in the photophase condition.
Conclusion: Although still there are a lot of gaps in the understanding of parasite-mosquito interactions, our results support the idea that light can not only influence mosquito biting behavior but also parasite success in the mosquito midgut. Hence, light can be considered an interesting additional mosquito-control strategy to reduce mosquito-borne diseases.
Smear layer removal efficacy of different irrigation techniques in conservatively instrumented root canals
Authors: Mochizuki Sota , Watanabe Satoshi , Liu Jiayi , Okiji Takashi
Published: November 2023

Background
Much attention has recently been drawn on minimally invasive endodontic systems. However, establishing effective irrigation methods is warranted to ensure the predictability of minimally invasive root canal instrumentation. This study aimed to compare the smear layer removal efficacy of different irrigation techniques in root canals instrumented with TruNatomy nickel-titanium rotary instruments.
Methods
In Experiment 1, 51 extracted human mandibular incisors were instrumented using TruNatomy Shaping Files up to Small (#20/0.04), Prime (#26/0.04), or Medium (#36/0.03) and irrigated with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), and again with EDTA using syringe irrigation (SI) with the tip inserted 1 mm short of its binding position (n = 17). The smear layer on the root canal wall in the coronal, middle, and apical thirds was scored under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In Experiment 2, 70 extracted mandibular incisors were instrumented using TruNatomy Small and irrigated with EDTA and NaOCl as in Experiment 1 using (1) conventional laser-activated irrigation (LAI) with an erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser unit at 30 mJ/10 Hz (LAI 30/10) or 70 mJ/20 Hz (LAI 70/20), (2) photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS) (20 mJ/15 Hz), (3) ultrasonic-activated irrigation, or (4) SI (n = 13). Five additional canals served as negative controls (no irrigation). The smear layer on the canal wall was scored under SEM images. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test with Bonferroni correction (α = 0.05).
Results
In Experiment 1, the TruNatomy Small group showed significantly higher smear layer scores compared to the other groups in the apical and middle thirds (p < 0.05). In Experiment 2, the LAI 70/20 and PIPS groups showed significantly lower smear layer scores compared to the LAI 30/10 and SI groups in the apical third (p < 0.05). In the LAI 70/20 group, SEM images demonstrated crescent-shaped cavities, which are indicative of heat-induced injury from laser energy.
Conclusions
Conservative instrumentation using the TruNatomy Small reduced the cleaning efficacy of irrigation. However, irrigation using the PIPS technique, with the tip placed above the root canal orifice, demonstrated satisfactory smear layer removal without injury to the root canal wall.
Temperature and cooling analysis of eddy current brake under intense impact load
Authors: Wang Yi Duan , Yang Guo Lai , Li Lei
Published: November 2023

With the development of eddy current brake (ECB), they are widely used in life and military. Through the ECB, the resistance is converted into thermal energy and dissipated in the air. Thermal energy will make the temperature rise and the heat cannot be dissipated quickly. The electromagnetic characteristics of many parts in the ECB are very sensitive to temperature. Therefore, the study of temperature field is very important for it. This paper takes the linear cylindrical ECB as an example to study the heat generated under the intense impact and high speed condition. The temperature field is calculated through finite element method (FEM) ways. According to the temperature distribution characteristics, the cooling measures of permanent magnet brake are studied to effectively reduce the temperature rise of the brake, ensuring its reliability.
Study on chip shape and cutting force model of milling process in any direction of space
Authors: Wu Shuiyuan , Chen Dongju , Jiang Zhiwen
Published: November 2023

This paper considers the calculation process for chip shape and cutting force of milling process in any direction of space.In the milling process with the existence of lead and tilt angle, the edges and boundary curves go through the process of one intersection, two intersections, tangency and non intersection in a milling cycle, thus the chip thickness needs to be calculated in various regions. The milling force is calculated by using the differential method. Then by comparing the milling forces when the lead angle is 5° and the tilt angle is 10° with when there is no inclination angle, the influence of inclination angle on machining process is studied. Meanwhile, by comparing the milling forces calculated by geometric analysis method with those calculated by classical Altintas model, the validity of the proposed method is verified. In addition, by comparing the milling forces obtained using the classical Altintas model with those obtained in published literature, the rationality of the method is further demonstrated.
Vibrational frequency of triangular plate having circular thickness
Authors: Lather Neeraj , Kumar Ankit , Yadav Parvesh , Bhardwaj Reeta , Sharma Amit
Published: November 2023

In the current research, modes of frequency of isotropic tapered triangular plate having 1-D (one dimensional) circular thickness and 1-D (one dimensional) linear temperature profile for clamped boundary conditions are discussed. Authors implemented Rayleigh Ritz technique to solve the frequency equation of isotropic triangular plate and computed the first four modes with a distinct combination of plate parameters. Authors have performed the convergence study of modes of frequency of the isotropic triangular plate. Also, conducted comparative analysis of modes of frequency of the current study with available published papers and the results presented in tabular form. The aim of the present study is to show the impact of a one dimensional circular thickness and one dimensional linear temperature on modes of frequency of vibration of an isotropic tapered triangular plate.