bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recognizing Gestures for Humanoid Robot Using Proto-Symbol Space
Authors: Kumar Nitin , Sahu Suraj Prakash , Maurya Jay Prakash , Nandi G.C. , Chakraborty Pavan
Published: December 2011

This paper describes the non Verbal communication method for developing a gesture-based system using Mimesis model. The proposed method is applicable to any hand gesture represented by a multi-dimensional signal. The entire work concentrates mainly on hand gestures recognition. It develops a way to communicate between Humans and the Humanoid Robots through gestural medium. The Mimesis is the technique of performing human gestures through imitation, recognition and generation. Different Gestures are being converted into code words through the use of code book. These code words are then converted into Proto-Symbols, these proto symbol then forms basis for training of the Humanoid robot. The recognition part is performed through a “distance vector”, a novel algorithm developed by us which is a combination of Euclidean distance and K-nearest neighbor. The generation part is done through the use of WEBOTS which include use of Humanoid robot HOAP 2 having 25 degrees of freedom. All the process of training, recognition and generation are simulated through MATLAB.
Digital Controller Design for Half-Car Active Suspension System with Using Singular Perturbation Theory
Authors: Paarya A. R. , Zarabadipour H.
Published: December 2011

In this paper the digital controller design for vehicle suspension system, based on a half-car model using singular perturbed systems is considered. This strategy is based on the slow and fast subsystems controller design. The simulation results show them favorable performance of the controller and achieve fast and good response.
The Effect of Asymmetry on Particle Focusing in Microchannels
Authors: Trabzon Levent , Kizil Huseyin , Yobas Levent , Ozbey Arzu , Yilmaz Mustafa , Cengiz Meral , Trabzon Metin , Ordu Mustafa , Kaygusuz Nihat
Published: December 2011

We studied the effect of geometry on single focusing of particles in the passive microfluidic channels. There is a quantitative analysis of focusing on non-axisymmetric straight channels with two different unique designs as well as curved channels having symmetrical and asymmetrical radius of curvatures in one turn. We found that there is a clear relationship in existence of single line focusing with the degree of non-symmetry in microchannels. One-degree of asymmetry in straight channels does not induce any formation of single focusing, but single line focusing is pronounced by two-degree of asymmetry in straight channels. On the other hand, single line focusing in the curved channels is enhanced with asymmetrical radius of curvatures in one turn. The single line focusing in curved channels is seen at Rep values higher than 1, which gives us better continuous and high-throughput performance. The position of single focused particles in the microchannels is found to be 50 m with respect to the channel wall in the asymmetrical curved microchannels.
Control of D.C Motor by Computer
Authors: Fayadh Rashid Ali
Published: December 2011

D.C motors have special important uses for human that used in many places needs a specific speed or variable speed , so that we need to control this speed for any purpose . Nowadays, the subject of controlling the electric motor and measuring variable is of important subject . Because of scientific and technical development in this field according to difficulty of teaching control material by using computer. In the traditional way the past studies assumed that the best method to understand the concepts of controlling by the computer are by practical exercises in lab and since the lab doesn't contain such ability . This search was represented to do the first step in teaching general principals of controlling by design a window dealing with computer to control the speed of d.c motor . The work on the program helps to use more than one sense which helps to stable the scientific material in the mind of students .
Efficient Object Selection Technique for a Robotized Kitchen
Authors: Srivastava Mudit , Pandey Anshul Vikram
Published: December 2011

This paper proposes a novel object selection technique for a robotized kitchen which provides autonomy to elderly and disabled people while working in kitchen. The interface uses touch screen technology, managed from a central location. The design consists of a robotic arm whose movement is controlled according to the selection of items made by the user. We have used RFID technology for unique identification of the objects and ‘Reverse Code’ for tracking purpose. Based on the response of RFID interrogator and ‘Reverse code’, the robotic arm picks and places the object at the desired location. The interface does not use computer vision technology and provides flexibility with the size of kitchen room. The design also provides several liberalities to the user in context to manual placing and aims at minimizing the errors and rectifying them autonomously to its maximum extent. The arm can also be programmed to select and place various objects required for a particular task, in a predefined manner. At the end of this paper, we have discussed the effectiveness of this system in countering some common errors.
ATmega8 Based Obstacle Avoiding Helicopter
Authors: Divakar Suhas
Published: December 2011

This paper presents a way to build an autonomous obstacle avoiding helicopter. This helicopter is built on an ATmega8 microcontroller which has been programmed using Arduino. It basically has 3 infra-red sensors (LM358), one in- front, one at the left and one at the right. It has 3 DC motors, two at the top and one at the rear. There are 2 H-bridges (L293D) mounted on it to provide the driving mechanisms for the motors. There are three DC motors with rated voltage of 3.7V used. Once the helicopter has been turned on, it rises about 10cms above the ground and starts moving straight until an obstacle has been detected by the front sensor. It then starts turning right until the obstacle is no longer obstructing its movement. If the sensor on the left detects an obstacle it turns right, vice-versa. If there are obstacles on all three sides, it comes to a halt. It continues doing this until it has been brought to rest by switching it off.
Rheological Flow Study of Molten Weld Metal Using the Modified Casson Prediction Model
Authors: Achebo Joseph I
Published: December 2011

This paper principally examines the flow pattern that occurs when molten weld metal droplets are detached from globule formations at the tip of an electrode and are thereafter transported to the weldpool. This viscoplastic flow study was done using the modified Casson prediction model which is based on the Newtonian Homogenous Flow equations. Both chemical and mechanical tests were done. The inclusions (Slag) were found to possess an upward flow of 3 ms-1. The mechanical test results show that the shear stress of 483.2 MPa, which exceeded a yield stress of 230 MPa, was responsible for the continuous slipping movement of the molten metal towards the center of the weld pool at a velocity of 1.2ms-1. The results obtained by the application of this model were validated by both computational and experimental results obtained by other researchers.
Affective Care to Drivers by an Interactive Automobile Interface System
Authors: Li Bing , Li Zhen Peng , Ma Tai Lang , Ying Fang Tian
Published: December 2011

Traffic jam has become a serious problem in modern life. More and more people are suffering a psychological disorder called road rage. To help drivers to release the negative emotion, we designed an interactive automobile interface as a visual inference. We established the RSM and RDM model to define the driving conditions, then analysed the different emotional appeals for driving. Here we invited 30 participants to observe and investigate. According to participants’ answers, we chose 5 emotions to correspond to driving conditions. After the implement, a valuation was also carried out to test the interface. It turned out that the interactive automobile interface provided a new driving experience, and the interactive visual inference were effective on releasing the negative emotion like anxiety, anger and depression.
An Improved Technique for Vision Based Path Tracking Robot
Authors: Cheema Sachmanik Singh , Budhiraja Sumit
Published: December 2011

This paper describes a simple algorithm for tracking path for a line following robot (black line on white background) with the information related to steering decision obtained from the images of the path by processing the images using MATLAB Image Processing Toolbox. The images are captured using MATLAB Image Acquisition Toolbox by triggering frames from a video in real time and applying the algorithm on these frames. This approach provides an improvement to the infrared sensor based robots, which tend to give random values due to unavailability of adequate light, are not independent of the shape of the path as there is no information of the path ahead, and shape and width of the path is also a deciding factor for sensor separation. This approach is inspired from the human vision of determining the deviation of the path by having knowledge of the path ahead by comparing the orientation of the path. This is a simple computational technique working on the pixel information of the image in comparison to other complex mathematical techniques available. The algorithm has been verified using a recorded video and correct deviation of the path has been observed.
Fuzzy Adaptive Hysteresis Band Current Controller for Solar Photovoltaic Inverter
Authors: Devaraj D. , Sakthivel S. , Punitha K.
Published: December 2011

Photovoltaic inverters are important solar energy application. This paper presents a novel Fuzzy Adaptive Hysteresis Current Controller to control the inverter, used in the non-linear time-variant solar photovoltaic cell. The proposed controller has the advantages of both fuzzy as well as adaptive controller. It is capable of reducing the total harmonic distortion and to provide acceptable switching frequency. The mathematical model of Photovoltaic array is developed using the Newton’s method using the parameter obtained from a commercial photovoltaic data sheet under variable weather conditions, in which the effect of irradiance and temperature are considered. The modeled Photovoltaic array is interfaced with DC-DC boost converter, AC-DC inverter and load. A DC-DC boost converter is used to step up the input DC voltage of the Photovoltaic array while the DC-AC single-phase inverter converts the input DC comes from boost converter into AC. The performance of the proposed controller of inverter is evaluated through MATLAB-Simulation. Unlike standard adaptive controller designs, this adaptive fuzzy controller does not require an explicit mathematical model of the system. The results obtained with the proposed algorithm are compared with those obtained when using conventional fixed hysteresis current controller for single-phase photovoltaic inverter in terms of THD and switching frequency.
Control of Human-Robot Interaction Flexible Joint Lightweight Manipulator Based Joint Torque Sensors
Authors: Xiong Gen Liang , Chen Hai Chu , Zhang Rui Hua , Liang Fa Yun
Published: December 2011

Recently, flexible joint lightweight robots are widely used in a variety of mobile robots or mechanical platforms, playing a more and more important role in the areas of space exploration, military reconnaissance, counter-terrorism, defusing, as well as home service. From the viewpoint of lightweight robot applications, there exist many different tasks under changing working conditions, either working in dangerous and unknown complex environment or closely contacting with human beings. Therefore, for a safe operation and high reliability, lightweight robots need not only high-precision position control but also compliance control, such that no injury on the robot and operated object will occur when interacting with the unknown environments. In order to make the manipulator contacts the environment compliantly, and reduces the instantaneous impact when collision occurs. This paper presented an interaction impedance control strategy for manipulator based on joint torque sensor, and combined with the trajectory regeneration with force feedback. Experiment was performed on a 5-DOF flexible joint lightweight manipulator. The experiment results of tapping on an egg showed the manipulator contacts the object compliantly and reduces collision impact, so the proposed approach was effectiveness and validity.
Robust Fractional Order Control of a DC Motor Based on Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Khandani Khosro , Jalali Ali Akbar
Published: December 2011

his paper presents a robust stable controller for speed control of a linear permanent magnet DC motor. A fractional controller is presented and the optimal parameters of this controller are obtained using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique. Interval uncertainty is considered in the parameters of the DC motor. Stability of the closed loop system with the proposed controller in presence of interval uncertainty is verified through the extension of Kharitanov’s theorem for fractional order systems. Simulation results demonstrate the successful performance of the proposed controller.
Hybrid Neural-Fuzzy Controller for Motorized Robot Arm
Authors: Zada Fatma , Guirguis Shawket K. , Sead Walied M.
Published: December 2011

In this study, a design methodology is introduced that blends the neural and fuzzy logic controllers in an intelligent way developing a new intelligent hybrid controller. In this design methodology, the fuzzy logic controller works in parallel with the neural controller and adjusting the output of the neural controller. The performance of our proposed controller is demonstrated on a motorized robot arm with disturbances. The simulation results shows that the new hybrid neural -fuzzy controller provides better system response in terms of transient and steady-state performance when compared to neural or fuzzy logic controller applications. The development and implementation of the proposed controller is done using the MATLAB/Simulink toolbox to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method.
A Study of Vehicle Dynamics Stability Based on Fuzzy Control
Authors: Xia Chang Gao , Wang Ji Lei
Published: December 2011

Electronic Stability Program (ESP) has become the focus of the study in the field of automotive active safety and chassis control in recent years, which was developed from ABS and TCS. ESP mainly works through adjusting the size and the distribution of the longitudinal tire force. ESP can make vehicle produce effective yaw moment to restrain oversteering or understeering, However, ESP is a typical nonlinear, time-delay, time-varying parameter system and its mathematical model is very complex. It is difficult to design the control model by traditional control theory. Fuzzy control does not depend on a precise mathematical model. It is employed to handle complicated questions of nonlinear dynamics. First, in this paper, the7-DOF of vehicle dynamics model based on the H. B. Pacejka tyre model (magic formula) and vehicle reference model were established by using the MATLAB/SIMULINK. Then by using fuzzy control principle to direct at the nonlinear, time varying characteristics of the ESP system, a controller of yaw rate based on fuzzy control was designed. An analysis of the simulation results of J-turn and lane change on slippery road surface shows that the present stability control system based on the yaw rate is effective in maintaining the yaw rate and the sideslip angle within the optimal range, thus improving the vehicle stability.
Optimal Sequence of Multiple Jeeps Problems
Authors: Chen Wen Lei , Wang Xian Jia
Published: December 2011

In this paper the focus is on the logistics for a caravan of jeeps which travel in the desert. Based on the dynamic program principle, the maximum distances for the caravan when only a part of the jeeps should return and when all drivers should return is obtained. The optimal sequence for the expedition problem as well as the optimal time for the maximum distance is also carefully studied and presented.
Integrated Learning Courses and Library Resources with Personal Knowledge Map
Authors: Lee Chih Chung , Liu Baw Jhiune , Chang Chen Chi
Published: December 2011

There have been many growing learning materials in Internet. With the popularization of the Internet, digital learning has become a new method of knowledge acquisition. The range of electronic resources from online databases to e-books and e-journals, different resources gains in different service providers. More and more people like to take the digital courses to discuss the topics or the issues which they are interested. Online course has become an important knowledge exchange platform in virtual world. Personal knowledge maps can follow the research interests of learners and learning process as learners need a wide range of electronic resources to be integrated. Currently, although a number of electronic resources will introduce by libraries. However, lack of effective organization and integrated in the single user interface, the user must learn multiple interfaces for the use of electronic resources. The personal knowledge map system has three notable characteristics. First, connect the courses and online resources. Second, visualize the learning process. Third, combine the library resources into courses. Fourth, group the students with the same learning interests.
Study about the Hierarchical Effectiveness of Henan Regional Investment
Authors: Wang Xiao Mei , Wu Wen Jing
Published: December 2011

This article introduces the basic principle for the data envelopment analysis (DEA), brings forward the evaluation method for the hierarchical effectiveness of DEA .By using DEA, a comparative study of investment validity is carried out for 18 regions of Henan from 2005 to 2009.In order to achieve the ranking of investment effects in Henan regions, reveal the regional investment effect, and draw up the figure of flying wild goose of regional investment effectiveness in Henan. According to the analysis, we come up with some proposals to improve the effectiveness of the investment in Henan.
A Model for Trust Propagation in Internetware Based on Complex Networks Theory
Authors: Wang Qi , Wang Yong Bin
Published: December 2011

To solve the problem of trust measurement in internetware resource entities, this paper presented a model for resource trust propagation based on complex network properties, meanwhile, it introduced trust evaluation mechanism used fuzzy set theory, fully considered the features of hierarchical trust propagation, and emphasized on characteristics of adaptability, robustness and resource-saving in modeling.
Research on Speech Intelligibility of Sound Field inside Passenger Car
Authors: Wang Deng Feng , Tan Gang Ping , Chen Shu Ming , Jiang Ji Guang , Su Li Li
Published: December 2011

Speech intelligibility is one of the most important aspects of the study of sound quality inside vehicle. Speech intelligibility test is the direct approach to decide whether the listening environment inside vehicle is superior or inferior, but it has many short-comings in the process of subjective evaluation which is time-consuming, laborious and difficult of accomplishment. In this article, speech intelligibility index which is an objective evaluation index, is used for analyzing and evaluating the sound quality inside passenger car, and is calculated separately by two methods. By analyzing the factors influencing the speech intelligibility inside vehicle under different conditions, the methods to improve the sound environment are proposed, which can provide a direct significance for improving sound quality inside vehicle.
Research on the Benign Operation Risk Assessment of Rural Drinking Water Safety Engineering
Authors: Qi Chang Qing
Published: December 2011

The paper establishes risk assessment system of benign operation of rural drinking water safety engineering in such seven aspects as political & legal risk, geographical risk, macro-economic environmental risk, micro-economic environmental risk, water users’ satisfaction risk, daily management system & implement of risk, emergency management system risk and etc., and makes an analysis of specific impact factors in each part, and applies matter-element model to establish risk model on benign operation of rural drinking water safety engineering.
Weighted Median Realized Volatility and Its Application in China’s Stock Market
Authors: Guo Ming Yuan
Published: December 2011

Median realized volatility is a new measure approach of volatility in high-frequency time series. Median realized volatility is model-free and can be computed easily. Weighted median realized volatility is a more efficient volatility measurement, which make median realized volatility become its special case. In this paper, we compare Median realized volatility and weighted Median realized volatility from four aspects: definition, bias, efficiency, calendar effect. Through the empirical study on the Shanghai stock market, this paper proves weighted Median realized volatility is superior to Median Realized Volatility.
Spline Estimate of Nonparametric Regression Function under Martingale Difference Errors
Authors: Wu Xin Qian , Yang Wan Cai
Published: December 2011

Nonparametric regression models with fixed design points and martingale difference errors are considered in this paper. Under mild conditions, optimal global rate of convergence of regression function estimator based on polynomial spline is obtained. Simulation results show that spline method outperforms kernel method at some cases. The regression function is fitted for the CNY/EUR foreign exchange rate series.
Statistical Distribution Models of Clutch Service Load
Authors: Xia Chang Gao , Zhang Meng , Gao Xiang , Zhang Zhen Yu
Published: December 2011

The mixed distribution model and the maximum entropy model are used to represent service load of the vehicle clutch. The parameters of those models are estimated with different methods. The findings indicate that maximum entropy distribution can accurately describe different statistical features of random variables as minimally prejudiced probability distribution if order of the distribution function is properly selected, and that the mixed Weibull distribution shows super performance of the complicated statistical model expression. The parameters of those models are estimated by optimization based on non-linear least squares.
HKUST - Julong Financing Analysis
Authors: Wu Cai Ying , Wang Na , Wang Qian
Published: December 2011

This paper first elaborates the basic situation of HKUST-Julong, followed by a systematic analysis from the macro environment point of view. Again, used the DuPont financial analysis model to analyze HKUST-Julong from the aspect of Microcosmic point in details. Finally, sums up the successful financing experience of HKUST-Julong, so as to provide reference for others SME financial management.
Indexing-Based Pattern Recognition
Authors: Mikhailov Alexei
Published: December 2011

The paper discusses the mathematics of pattern indexing and its applications to recognition of visual patterns and classification of objects that are represented by objects-properties matrices. It is shown that (a) pattern indexes can be represented by collections of inverted patterns, (b) solutions to pattern classification problems can be found as intersections of inverted patterns and, thus, matching of original patterns avoided.
GAA-Based Decision Approach for Hospital Building Renovation Management
Authors: Juan Yi Kai , Cheng Yu Ching , Perng Yeng Horng , Wang Guang Bin
Published: December 2011

More and more attention has been paid to hospital facilities since modern pandemics have emerged such as SARS and avian influenza. Energy consumption by buildings accounts for 20-40% of energy use in developed countries, so many global organizations make efforts to develop sustainable technologies or materials to create a sustainable environment, and to reduce energy consumption when renovating building. Therefore, maintaining high standards of hygiene and reducing energy consumption has become the major task for hospital buildings. This study develops an integrated decision support system to assess existing hospital building conditions and to recommend an optimal scheme of sustainable renovation actions, considering trade-offs between renovation cost, improved building quality, and environmental impacts. A hybrid approach that combines the A* graph search algorithm with genetic algorithms (GA) is used to analyze all possible renovation actions and their trade-offs to develop the optimal solution. A simulated hospital renovation project is established to demonstrate the system. The result reveals the system can solve complicated and large-scale combinational, discrete and determinate problems such as the hospital renovation project, and also improve traditional building condition assessment to be more effective and efficient.
Empirical Bayes Estimation of Parameter of Burr-Type X Model under LINEX and Squared Error Loss Functions
Authors: Lan Hai Ying
Published: December 2011

The Empirical Bayes estimate of the parameter of Burr-type X distribution is contained .The estimate is obtained under squared error loss and Varian’s linear-exponential (LINEX) loss functions, and is compared with corresponding maximum likelihood and Bayes estimates. Finally, a Monte Carlo numerical example is given to illustrate our results.
The Substance Quantity and Value Quantity Calculation Method Discussion for Soil Nourishment of Urban Greenbelt
Authors: Wu Wen Ting , Ren Yi , Zhao Heng Yu , Shen Dan , Tian Mi Mi
Published: December 2011

Water loss and soil erosion will cause damage of city land resource, result in deterioration of ecological environment and maladjustment of ecology balance, so it will influence national economy and social development. The soil nourishment function of land greenbelt is the important part of ecological service function of urban greenbelt, precisely calculate the substance quantity and value quantity of nourishment soil of urban greenbelt is one of the important basis to scientifically determine value of urban greenbelt and evaluate resource and asset of urban greenbelt, it is also the important basis to realize city ecological civilization and sustainable development. Currently, there are fewer research of calculation methods for substance quantity and value quantity for soil nourishment of urban greenbelt, it has not formed relative calculation method suitable for urban greenbelt calculation method with popular meaning, comparatively uniform, suitable for water self-restraint suitable for soil nourishment of urban greenbelt This article will discuss the connotation, index of soil nourishment of urban greenbelt, as well as calculation method of corresponding substance quantity and value quantity, it has important inspiration and reference meaning to scientifically carry out the effective calculation and management optimization of ecological service function of soil nourishment in urban greenbelt.
Numerical Study of Flow and Heat Transfer of High Knudsen Number Flow Regimes in Nanochannels Filled with Porous Media
Authors: Isfahani A.H. Meghdadi , Soleimani A.
Published: December 2011

Considering the dependency of viscosity on Kn, a unified flow model for all flow regimes with different Kn was obtained. Applying the Dary Brinkman – Forchheimer flow model with the slip boundary condition, finite difference solutions for fully developed velocity distribution in a nanochannel of circular cross section, filled with porous media was presented. Convection heat transfer of the system, reflected in Nu was analyzed using the temperature jump boundary condition. It is shown that despite of the fact that in most of previous researches, Kn was assumed constant along the channel, the variations of Kn due to the pressure variations, have considerable effects on heat transfer and temperature distribution across the channel cross section.
Design & Simulation of Low Loss 5-Bit Ku Band Switched Line MEMS Phase Shifter on Gaas
Authors: Sharma Anesh K. , Gautam Ashu K. , Sastry D.V.K. , Singh S.G.
Published: December 2011

As the requirement for the low loss phase shifter increases, so does the development of RF MEMS as a solution. This paper presents the design & simulation of Switched line MEMS phase shifter for Ku band using GaAs substrate. The phase shift can be achieved by varying the lengths in delay path to the reference path for the same phase velocity. The electromagnetic & electromechanical simulations were carried out with various structural parameters to optimize the design. The novelties like low insertion loss, low actuation voltage with distributed actuation pads for DC and RF are used to make the design unique. The EM simulations are carried out using 3D simulator HFSS and a phase shift of 172.6 deg./dB for a total Phase shift of 348.75deg was achieved with return loss of 15.5dB over a frequency band from 16-18 GHz and a phase shift error less than ±2 degree in the 32 states. The electromechanical simulations are carried to achieve the low actuation voltage of 15.3V. These parameters make these suitable for the Phased array applications [1, 2].
Robust Positive Real Control of Continuous Descriptor Systems with Time-Delay and Uncertainties
Authors: Jing Xin , Zheng Li , Sun Chang Chun , Xu Qi Cheng , Sui Ying , Qi Zhong
Published: December 2011

A method of robust and positive realness control for continuous descriptor systems with time-delay and uncertainties has been given in the paper. By some parameters, the controller can make the closed-loop systems realize quadratic stability and robust positive realness. The efficiency of the method can be illustrated by a numerical example.
Influence of Frequency Agility to Radar Detection Performance Under ECM
Authors: Sun Qing , Zhang Qi Liang , Sun Yong
Published: December 2011

Frequency agility radar has strong ECCM capability. This paper studies the major technology for jamming FAR, and detailed analyses the influence to radar performance of frequency agility. It is significant for supplying reasoning information to the alteration of former arming and developing of new one.
Existence of Positive Solutions to the Singular Initial Value Problems of Fractional Differential Equations
Authors: Li Qiu Ping , Sun Shu Rong , Han Zhen Lai , Zhao Yi Ge
Published: December 2011

In this paper, we consider the existence of positive solutions for the initial value problem of nonlinear fractional differential equations where and is the Riemann–Liouville fractional derivative. By using the Nonlinear Alternative of Leray and Schauder theorem, some sufficient conditions for the existence of at least one positive solution for the initial value problem are established.
Fog Detection and Classification Using Gray Histograms
Authors: Liu Yang , Lu Xiao Bo
Published: December 2011

In this paper, a real-time fog detection method using a low cost b&w camera is presented. This method is based on gray histograms which would show the correspondence relationship between the gray value and the number of the pixels. Compared with foggy-free images, we notice some characteristics of foggy images, and these characteristics are also reflected in their gray histograms. Using the data from a gray histogram and a series of thresholds, we can detect whether the original image is under fog conditions. Moreover, we divide the weather conditions into three fog levels. Some experimental results and conclusions about this work are presented.
Optimizing Design of Dual-Input Buck DC/DC Converter
Authors: Li Yan
Published: December 2011

In hybrid renewable power systems, the use of a multiple-input dc/dc converter (MIC) leads to simpler circuit and lower cost, compared to the conventional use of several single-input converters. This paper focuses on the optimizing design of MIC. Different from a single–input DC/DC converter, the parameters design of a MIC is very complicated. This is because the converter will operate in multiple operation modes, in which the power sources can deliver power o the load either simultaneously or individually. In this paper, an optimizing design method is proposed with the considerations of the multiple operation modes. A dual-input Buck converter is taken as an example to show the design method and a prototype is built to verify the theoretical analysis.
Iterative Learning Controller Based on Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Wen Xiu Lan , Li Hong Sheng , Wang Dong Xia , Huang Jia Cai
Published: December 2011

Iterative Learning Control (ILC) has recently emerged as a powerful control strategy that iteratively achieves a higher accuracy for systems with repetitive tasks. The basic idea of ILC is to construct a compensation signal based on the tracking error in each repetition so as to reduce the tracking error in the next repetition. In this paper, particle swarm optimization (PSO) is proposed to optimize the input of iterative learning controller. The experimental results confirm that the proposed method not only has higher tracking accuracy than that of Improved Genetic Algorithm (IGA) and traditional Genetic Algorithm based elisit strategy (EGA), but also has the advantages of simple algorithm and good flexibility. And compared with conventional iterative learning control methods, it is easy to solve the optimal input for non-linear plant models.
Preparation of TiB2-TiC Intermetallic Phase via Mechanical Alloying
Authors: Luo Ping , Dong Shi Jie , Shi Qiu Yue , Mei Zhang Qiang
Published: December 2011

TiB2-TiC intermediate metal powder was fabricated via mechanical alloying (MA) processing, and the phase formation and powder morphology characteristics were studied by using X-ray diffraction（XRD）, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential thermal analysis (DTA). Starting materials were milled at ambient temperature in argon protective atmosphere. Prepared intermetallic phase of TiB2-TiC included, Ti3B4、Ti2B5、TiC0.06. Used milled powders prepare TiB2-TiC composition via two-way vacuum hot pressing sintering furnace not only decrease the time of preparation, but also reduce temperature of reaction, because of the preactivation reaction during MA promote the reactions. Therefore, this process will promote TiB2-TiC composite ceramics in engineering applications.
Transport Properties of Insulated Gate AlInN/InN Heterojunction Field Effect Transistor
Authors: Islam Md. Sherajul , Hossain Md. Arafat , Muhtadi Sakib Mohammed , Bhuiyan Ashraful G.
Published: December 2011

As a promising candidate for future high speed devices InN-based heterojunction field effect transistor (HFET) has gained a lot of attention in recent years. However, InN-based devices are still a less studied compared with other III-nitride based devices. This work investigates theoretically, the electron transport properties of insulated gate AlInN/InN Heterojunction Field Effect Transistor. A self-consistent charge control model based on one-dimensional Schrodinger-Poisson equations is developed. The transport properties of the device are calculated using an ensemble Monte Carlo simulation. The device model incorporates an analytical 3-valley band structure with non-parabolicity for all nitride materials. The scattering mechanisms considered are dislocations scattering, impurity scattering, interface roughness, alloy disorder scattering and phonon scattering. The model also takes into account the highly dominant spontaneous and piezoelectric polarization effects to predict the 2DEG sheet charge density more accurately at the heterointerface. The results obtained are agreed well with the literature.
Modeling of the Strain Rate Dependent Material Behavior of 3D-Textile Composites with Production and Operational Defects
Authors: Hufenbach W. , Gude M. , Protz R.
Published: December 2011

This paper concerned with modeling of the strain rate dependent material behavior of 3D-textile composites with simultaneous consideration of production and operational (e.g. pores or fatigue damage) defects. Therefore an additive model in the sense of continuum damage mechanics was introduced. For the model validation extensive experimental tests on glass non-crimp fabrics reinforced epoxy (GF-NCF/EP) composites are performed. The focus is put on the influence of production and fatigue related pre-damage under subsequent highly-dynamic tensile loading. The theoretical studies shows a good coincidence with the experimentally results
Effect of Li2O on Viscosity and Thermal Expansion of Silicate Glass
Authors: Yang Kun , Zheng Wei Hong , Cheng Jin Shu
Published: December 2011

Subscript textViscosity, coefficient of thermal expansion, glass transition temperature and dilatometric softening temperature of soda-lime-silicate glass doped with Li2O were investigated by the rotating crucible viscometer and dilatometry, the melting temperature and activation energy for viscous flow of the studied melt were derived on the basis of Arrhenius Equation, in order to reveal the effects of Li2O on the properties of soda-lime-silicate glass. The results showed that the viscosity of soda-lime-silicate glass was effectively decreased and the melting temperature decreased from 1457°C to 1420°C with the increase of Li2O from 0 to 1.0wt%, furthermore, the Tgand Tsreduced 30~40°C. The ΔT responded to the range of viscosity of glass formation (η=103-107Pa•s) increased from 309.84°C to 313.45°C, and the activation energy for viscous flow decreased form 178.47 kJ•mol-1to 168.34 kJ•mol-1. The CTE α(25～400°C)of specimen doped with 0.4% Li2O was 92.048×10-6°C-1and the lowest of the samples.
Preparation and Pervaporation Properties of Cyclodextrin-Containing PU Membranes
Authors: Ye Hong , Wang Jing , Feng Xu Dong , Liang Hai Yan
Published: December 2011

Polyurethane (PU) pervaporation (PV) membranes are promising for the recovery of phenol from water. The PU membranes with and without cyclodextrin (CD) were prepared. The CD-containing membranes had the special structures with CD chemically crosslinked in PU backbones. The structures of these membranes were characterized by means of FT-IR. Furthermore, the PV performances were investigated for separating phenol/water mixtures at different temperatures. The results showed that the CD-containing PU membrane had better permeability and selectivity than those without CD. For 2 wt% phenol in feed mixture at 65 °C, the PU membrane containing CD had a flux of 3.96 kg µm m-2 h-1 and separation factor of 52.79.
Vibration Characteristics of Multiple Conical Spiral Tube Bundles in Heat Exchangers
Authors: Ge Meng Ran , Yan Ke , Ge Pei Qi , Gao Jun
Published: December 2011

Elastic tube bundles are universally used in heat transfer enhancement via the flow-induced vibration in heat exchangers, and the study of the tube vibration characteristic is essential. The natural vibration of multiple conical spiral tube bundles was discussed in this paper based on numerical simulation. The substructures of ten conical spiral tubes, the inlet and the outlet branch were set up individually. Then the mass matrix and the stiffness matrix of these substructures were calculated. The general matrices were obtained and the vibration equation of the overall structure was founded. The results show that the natural frequencies of the multiple conical spiral tube bundles are smaller than the traditional planar elastic tube bundles and each natural vibration mode has a frequency band, which contains several natural frequencies.
Design and Simulation of Grinding Force Control System for Wafer Self-Rotating Grinding
Authors: Yu Jia Ping , Wei Xin , Chen Zhuo , Lin Pei Yong
Published: December 2011

According to the features of the self–rotating grinding, the real-time grinding force control system was designed. The Fuzzy-PID control method has been proved to be the most suitable control method and fulfill the system’s needs through the modeling, simulation and experiment of the system in this paper.
Development of Theory Model in Chemical Mechanical Polishing
Authors: Yang Xiang Dong , Wei Xin , Xie Xiao Zhu , Chen Zhuo
Published: December 2011

Chemical mechanical polishing (hereinafter referred to as CMP) which is to provide the best global planarization technology has been researched and applied in the field of ultra-precision surface finish. This article outlines the principles of the CMP process, focusing on the development of the major theoretical models such as phenomenological model, contact mechanics model, fluid dynamics model and hybrid model based contact mechanics and fluid dynamics in chemical mechanical polishing process. The hybrid model based contact mechanics and fluid dynamics has been a good developed in recent years. The model based on the molecular / atomic scale is proposed the further research methods of CMP's theoretical model.
Automatic Language-Independent Indexing of Documents Using Image Processing
Authors: Rait Aishanou Osha , Venkatesh K.S.
Published: December 2011

Image processing techniques have been used over the years to convert printed material into electronic form. In our work we exploit the fact that some applications may find such conversions redundant and yet satisfactorily meet the demands of the end user. Using the horizontal and vertical white-spaces present in any document, independent regions of text, pictures, tables etc. could be identified. Inherent characteristic disparities were then used to distinguish pictures from text, and section-headings from the explanations that follow them. A table of contents, showing the heading and the associated page number, was generated and displayed on the browser. Each heading was hyperlinked to the corresponding page of the original document. HTML code was written dynamically, using file handling techniques in MATLAB to accommodate for variable number of headings obtained for different documents and also from different pages of a single document. The platform thus developed was tested on various languages and it was verified that the method implemented was language independent.
Structural and Elastic Properties of AlAs under Pressure from First-Principles Calculations
Authors: Cui Hong Ling , Lv Shi Jie , Li Li Ben , Ji Guang Fu
Published: December 2011

A first-principles plane wave method with the ultrasoft pseudopotential scheme in the frame of the density functional theory (DFT) is performed to calculate the structural and lattice parameters, the bulk modulus B0 and its pressure derivative B0' of the zinc-blende AlAs, rocksalt AlAs and NiAs-AlAs. The elastic parameters of the zinc-blende AlAs, rocksalt AlAs and NiAs- AlAs were calculated. We also calculate the phase transition pressures between different phases. Our results are satisfactory. Our results are consistent with other results.
ST-Gait: A Framework for Human Identification Using Structural and Transitional Characteristics of Gait
Authors: Gupta Anand , Goel Pragya
Published: December 2011

An interesting problem in Biometrics Research is human identification by reliable extraction of anatomical and behavioral patterns of a person from his manner of walking. Till now the identification through the said characteristics has been addressed by mostly using marker-based methods. These methods have limited applications in the area of security, where a person must be ‘marked’ for correct identification. To mitigate this limitation, we propose a marker-less, model- based approach (ST-Gait) for human identification using gait. The proposed method is simple but effective, and involves low computational complexity. It is validated on a well- known benchmark database (gait database A of CASIA). The encouraging experimental results show that the technique achieves an accuracy of 90% and can be a promising tool for human identification in the area of security.
Cascading Neural Networks Using Adaptive Sigmoidal Function
Authors: Sharma Sudhir Kumar , Chandra Pravin
Published: December 2011

This paper presents cascading neural networks using adaptive sigmoidal function (CNNASF). The proposed algorithm emphasizes on architectural adaptation and functional adaptation during training. This algorithm is a constructive approach to building cascading architecture dynamically. The activation functions used at the hidden layers’ node are belonging to the well-defined sigmoidal class and adapted during training. The algorithm determines not only optimum number of hidden layers’ node, as also optimum sigmoidal function for them. One simple variant derived from CNNASF is where the sigmoid function used at the hidden layers’ node is fixed. Both the variants are compared to each other on five regression functions. Simulation results reveal that adaptive sigmoidal function presents several advantages over traditional fixed sigmoid function, resulting in increased flexibility, smoother learning, better convergence and better generalization performance.
Image Denoising Using Wavelet Transform and Wavelet Transform with Enhanced Diversity
Authors: Nigam Vaibhav , Bhatnagar Smriti , Luthra Sajal
Published: December 2011

This paper is a comparative study of image denoising using previously known wavelet transform and new type of wavelet transform, namely, Diversity enhanced discrete wavelet transform. The Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) has two parameters: the mother wavelet and the number of iterations. For every noisy image, there is a best pair of parameters for which we get maximum output Peak Signal to Noise Ratio, PSNR. As the denoising algorithms are sensitive to the parameters of the wavelet transform used, in this paper comparison of DEDWT to DWT has been presented. The diversity is enhanced by computing wavelet transforms with different parameters. After the filtering of each detail coefficient, the corresponding wavelet transforms are inverted and the estimated image, having a higher PSNR, is extracted. To benchmark against the best possible denoising method three thresholding techniques have been compared. In this paper we have presented a more practical, implementation oriented work.
An Edge-Based Algorithm for Text Extraction in Images and Video Frame
Authors: Kumar Anubhav , Kaushik Awanish Kr , Yadava R.L. , Saxena Divya
Published: December 2011

In this paper, a proposal of a new and unusual framework to detect and extract the text from the images and video frames have been presented. In the past various methods have been presented for detection and localization of text in images and video frames. In this paper, a comparison has been made between several text detection methods and proposed method for text detection in images and video frames. The proposed method is carried out by edge detection, and the projection profile method is used to localize the text region better. Various experiments have been carried out to evaluate and compare the performance of the proposed algorithm. Experimental results tested from a large dataset have demonstrated that the proposed method is effective and practical. Various parameters like average time, precision and recall rates and analyzed for both existing and proposed method to determine the success and limitation of our method.
Multiresolution LBP Correlogram for Texture Image Indexing and Retrieval
Authors: Murala Subrahmanyam , Maheshwari R. P. , Balasubramanian R.
Published: December 2011

A new image indexing and retrieval algorithm known as local binary pattern (LBP) correlogram is presented in this paper. LBP histogram captures only the patterns distribution in a texture while the spatial correlation between the pair of patterns is gathered by LBP correlogram. Multi-resolution texture decomposition and color correlation has been efficiently used in the proposed method where multi-resolution texture images are computed using Gaussian filter for collection of LBPs from these particular textures. Eventually, feature vectors are constructed by making into play the auto-correlation that exists between binary patterns. The retrieval results of the proposed method are examined on different texture image databases viz Brodatz database (DB1), MIT VisTex database (DB2), rotated Brodatz database (DB3) and small set of rotated Brodatz database (DB4), and shows a major improvement in terms of average retrieval rate as when weighed against with LBP histogram and some existing transform domain technique.