bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
About activation energy of viscous flow of glasses and melts
Authors: Ojovan Michael I.
Published: February 2015

Data on a viscous flow model based on network defects – broken bonds termed configurons – were analysed. An universal equation has been derived for the variable activation energy of viscous flow Q(T) of the generic Frenkel equation of viscosity η(T)=A∙exp(Q/RT) which is known to have two constant asymptotes – high QH at low temperatures and low QL at high temperatures. The defect model of flow used by e.g. Doremus, Mott, Nemilov, Sanditov states that higher the concentration of defects (e.g. configurons) the lower the viscosity. We have used the configuron percolation theory (CPT) which treats glass–liquid transition as a percolation-type phase transition. Additionally the CPT results in a continuous temperature relationship for viscosity valid for both glassy and liquid amorphous materials. We show that a particular result of CPT is the universal temperature relationship for the activation energy of viscous flow: Q(T)=QL+RT∙ln[1+exp(-Sd/R) exp((QH-QL)/RT)] which depends on asymptotic energies QL (for the liquid phase) and QH (for the glassy phase), and on entropy of configurons Sd. This equation has two asymptotes, namely Q(T<>Tg) = QL. Moreover we demonstrate that the equation for Q(T) practically coincides in the transition range of temperatures with known Sanditov equation.
Phase Constituent and Reverse Martensitic Transformation Temperature of PtTi-CoTi Diffusion Couple Heat-Treated at 1373K
Authors: Hosoda Hideki , Tsutsumi Satoshi , Tahara Masaki , Inamura Tomonari , Goto Kenji , Kanetaka Hiroyasu , Yamabe-Mitarai Yoko
Published: February 2015

The reverse martensitic (austenite) transformation temperatures (As) were investigated using a diffusion couple of PtTi and CoTi with a continuous compositional gradient. It was found that PtTi and CoTi form a complete solid solution of (Pt, Co)Ti at 1373K. Surface relief was formed by heating due to the austenite transformation. Judging from the formation of the surface patterns and the corresponding chemical compositions, As monotonously decreases with increasing Co content at a rate of -70K/at%Co, and As is estimated to be close to room temperature (RT) when the Co concentration is 15at%Co. Besides, micro Vickers hardness values measured at RT are minimized around 15at%Co.
Micropillar array embedded system for single cell encapsulation in hydrogel
Authors: Park Kyun Joo , Lee Kyoung G. , Seok Seunghwan , Choi Bong Gill , Lee Seok Jae , Kim Do Hyun
Published: February 2015

A cylindrical-shaped micropillar array embedded microfluidic device was proposed to enhance the dispersion of cell clusters and the efficiency of single cell encapsulation in hydrogel. Different sizes of micropillar arrays act as a sieve to break Escherichia coli (E. coli) aggregates into single cells in polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) solution. We applied the external force for the continuous breakup of cell clusters, resulting in the production of more than 70% of single cells into individual hydrogel particles. This proposed strategy and device will be a useful platform to utilize genetically modified microorganisms in practical applications.
Thermal properties of pillared-graphene nanostructures
Authors: Rifu M. , Shintani K.
Published: February 2015

The thermal conductivities of pillared-graphene nanostructures (PGNSs) are obtained using nonequilibrium molecular-dynamics simulation. It is revealed their thermal conductivities are much smaller than the thermal conductivities of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). This fact is explained by examining the density of states (DOS) of the local phonons of PGNSs. It is also found the thermal conductivity of a PGNS linearly decreases with the increase of the inter-pillar distance.
An Algorithm for Tailoring of Nanoparticles by Double Angle Resolved Nanosphere Lithography
Authors: Brodehl Christoph , Greulich-Weber Siegmund , Lindner Jörg K. N.
Published: February 2015

Nanosphere lithography (NSL) is a technique capable of creating large-area arrays of small objects with tailor-made shapes. Here we present an algorithm, which simulates the shape and morphology of nanoparticles produced via NSL in combination with physical vapor deposition from variable angles. The key idea is based on a ray-tracing technique. Mask clogging effects have a major influence on the shape of resulting nanoobjects and are therefore taken into account. In addition, we implemented a metaball concept for the precise description of thermally modified masks. The calculated results are compared exemplarily with atomic force microscopy (AFM) data of experimentally fabricated nanostructures.
Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of Polypyrrole Conducting Polymer in Sheath like Nanotube Arrays Structured over TiO2 for Supercapacitor Energy Storage Devices
Authors: Sidhu Navjot K. , Rastogi A.C.
Published: February 2015

The vertical TiO2 nanotube arrays constituting the core of 3-D nanoscale electrode architecture were synthesized over Ti sheet by anodization. Such formed TiO2 nanotubes are electrically conducting and amorphous as confirmed by XRD studies. Nanotube morphology is affected by water content and in the present study, close-packed 3-4 μm long TiO2 nanotube arrays of 45-50 nm diameter are formed with 2% water as revealed by the transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The redox active polypyrrole sheath is created by ultra-short pulsed current electropolymerization. Electrochemical properties of the 3-D nanoscaled TiO2 nanotube core-polypyrrole sheath electrodes relevant to the energy storage were investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) plots, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), Charge discharge (CD) tests. High areal capacitance density of 48 mF cm-2 and low charge transfer resistance 12 Ω cm-2 with least ion diffusion limitation are realized at optimized polypyrrole sheath thickness. The Raman spectra studies reveal anion at specific chain locations involve in the redox process.
The significance of the Polish architectural heritage in attractiveness of towns in Lviv region
Authors: Dyda Oleksandra
Published: February 2015

It is very typical for a modern city and especially a smaller town to become a spot of a particular
tourist attraction due to its economic and cultural factors. This applies to towns of Lviv regions
in Ukraine, owing to historic reasons as well as to the specific geographic location, their culture
and architecture acquired special features. The Polish state contributed much to the distinctive
character of their town dimension. The architectural buildings and monuments constructed between the fourteenth and nineteenth centuries are the important elements of the town dimensions of Lviv region. These elements play the vital role in the formation of town architectural
attractiveness.
Quanto custa para as famílias de baixa renda obterem uma dieta saudável no Brasil?
Authors: Borges Camila Aparecida , Claro Rafael Moreira , Martins Ana Paula Bortoletto , Villar Betzabeth Slater
Published: February 2015

O objetivo do estudo foi identificar o custo necessário para a obtenção de uma dieta saudável no Brasil e analisar o comprometimento dessa prática na renda familiar. Foram utilizados dados da Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares de 2008. Aquisições de alimentos foram coletadas durante sete dias em 55.970 domicílios. Dois subconjuntos compostos apenas por famílias de baixa renda (≤ R$ 415,00 per capita/mês e ≤ US$ 1,00 per capita/dia) foram analisados. A partir dos alimentos obtidos, foram calculados calorias, despesa com alimentação e o preço médio dos oito grupos alimentares presentes no Guia Brasileiro. Foram comparados os gastos atuais e ideais para os oito grupos. As obtenções excederam às recomendações para feijões, óleos/gorduras, doces, carnes/ovos e não alcançaram as recomendações para frutas, hortaliças, lácteos e cereais. Atingir as recomendações aumentaria os gastos com a alimentação em 58%, para indivíduos de renda/per capita de ≤ US$ 1,00 per capita/dia, e em 39%, para indivíduos com renda ≤ R$ 415,00, e comprometeria em 145% a renda familiar. Brasileiros de menor poder aquisitivo necessitam aumentar a renda para atingir a dieta ideal.
Satisfaction measurement instruments for healthcare service users: a systematic review
Authors: Almeida Renato Santos de , Bourliataux-Lajoinie Stephane , Martins Mônica
Published: February 2015

Patient satisfaction surveys can be an interesting way to improve quality and discuss the concept of patient-centered care. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review of the validated patient satisfaction measurement instruments applied in healthcare. The systematic review searched the MEDLINE/PubMed, LILACS, SciELO, Scopus and Web of Knowledge. The search strategy used the terms: "Patient Satisfaction" AND "Patient centered care" AND "Healthcare survey OR Satisfaction questionnaire" AND "Psychometric properties". 37 studies were included and almost all studies showed that satisfaction is a multidimensional construct. In these studies, 34 different instruments were used and most surveys contained the dimension patient-healthcare professional interactions, physical environment and management process. The COSMIN score for methodological quality showed that most of them scored a good or fair average. We can conclude that there is not a gold standard instrument for patient satisfaction assessment but some dimensions are essential for this construct.
Higiene de las manos: conocimientos de los profesionales y áreas de mejora
Authors: Pérez-Pérez Pastora , Herrera-Usagre Manuel , Bueno-Cavanillas Aurora , Alonso-Humada María Soledad , Buiza-Camacho Begoña , Vázquez-Vázquez Marta
Published: February 2015

El objetivo fue analizar los conocimientos sobre la higiene de las manos de los profesionales del Sistema Sanitario Público Andaluz (España). Estudio mediante encuestas en 2011, utilizando el Hand Hygiene Knowledge Questionnaire for Health-Care Workers con la técnica de análisis de clases latentes. La media de respuestas correctas fue de 17,51 ± 3,68. Las preguntas con porcentajes de respuestas correctas más bajos son las referidas a la prevención, mediante la higiene de las manos, de la transmisión de microorganismos después de la exposición al paciente y aquellas relacionadas con la utilización de preparados de base alcohólica. Se obtuvo un modelo de 7 clases latentes. Principales diferencias socio-demográficas: los profesionales con conocimientos más bajos suelen ser hombres, jóvenes y no sanitarios; el haber recibido formación previa no discrimina a los que presentan excelentes conocimientos. Concluimos que la revisión de los programas de formación en higiene de las manos es necesaria para mejorar los conocimientos sobre aspectos conceptuales de la transmisión de microorganismos a través de las manos.
Políticas de ação afirmativa e o experimento de listas: o caso das cotas raciais na universidade brasileira
Authors: Turgeon Mathieu , Chaves Bruno Sant'Anna , Wives Willian Washington
Published: February 2015

Neste artigo adotamos uma metodologia de questionamento indireto para medir as opiniões de estudantes da UnB acerca do uso da cor/raça como um critério de admissão à Universidade. Partimos da hipótese de que opiniões sobre políticas afirmativas não são obtidas com confiabilidade em surveysconvencionais, pois o grupo não elegível ao benefício (no caso, os estudantes brancos) poderia ocultar uma resposta de oposição por receio de parecer preconceituoso. Esse efeito é conhecido na literatura como efeito da desejabilidade social. Portanto, adotamos uma metodologia que garante privacidade aos respondentes, denominada experimento de listas, para medir as opiniões sinceras dos estudantes acerca do sistema de cotas raciais. Porém os resultados mostraram que o viés nas opiniões ocorreu, de forma inesperada, no grupo de estudantes elegíveis às cotas (afrodescendentes e indígenas). Precisamente, eles apoiaram fortemente o sistema de cotas raciais (68,3%) quando tiveram privacidade nas respostas, mas na pergunta direta demonstraram apenas uma tímida aprovação (29,0%). Chamamos esse efeito de efeito de inibição. Paralelamente, os estudantes brancos não demonstraram nenhum efeito de desejabilidade social, contrariando alguns achados de pesquisas similares nos EUA.
El enfoque de la gobernanza y su recepción en el marco gubernativo actual de las sociedades latinoamericanas
Authors: Zuluaga Mary Luz Alzate , Morales Gerardo Romo
Published: February 2015

Se abordan en este artículo la gobernanza y las transformaciones que supone en la concepción de lo público desde una perspectiva institucional. Para ello se hace un acercamiento al concepto de gobernanza desde los distintos autores que la han defendido, discutiendo sus características diferenciadoras con respecto a la administración tradicional de lo público en el estado moderno. Así mismo, se propone un análisis de las principales discusiones de la perspectiva institucional, con respecto a los cambios en la trama de lo público y de la arena política que suscita el enfoque de la gobernanza, para concluir con unas reflexiones, en general, sobre el proceso gubernativo en América Latina.
Identificação das espécies de Candida em portadores de estomatite protética e avaliação da susceptibilidade ao miconazol e à terapia fotodinâmica
Authors: Leite Danielle Prado , Piva Marta Rabello , Martins-Filho Paulo Ricardo Saquete
Published: February 2015

INTRODUÇÃO: Próteses mucossuportadas são consideradas facilitadoras, em potencial, da estomatite protética (EP), condição caracterizada pelo aspecto eritematoso, difuso ou pontilhado da mucosa palatina sob a base das próteses. A etiologia da doença é multifatorial, embora a infecção por Candida seja uma causa bastante comum. OBJETIVO: Relacionar a EP com a presença de Candida, identificar as espécies de Candida mais prevalentes, a partir do meio CHROMagar Candida(r), e caracterizar o perfil de sensibilidade das colônias ao miconazol e à terapia fotodinâmica (TFD). MATERIAL E MÉTODO: A amostra foi constituída por 45 usuários de prótese total, sendo 30 com diagnóstico clínico de EP e 15 sem a doença. Realizou-se raspagem com swab da mucosa palatina e das próteses, e as amostras foram semeadas em CHROMagar Candida(r), para identificação de espécies de C. albicans, C. krusei e C. tropicalis. Após incubação e leitura das placas, as colônias foram reisoladas em Ágar Sabouraud, para caracterização da sensibilidade ao miconazol e à TFD. RESULTADO: Espécies de Candida estiveram presentes em 53,33% das amostras dos pacientes com EP e em 6,67% das amostras dos pacientes sem EP, considerando-se o total de amostras de mucosa (p=0,008) e próteses (p=0,001). As espécies mais prevalentes foram C. albicans (36,67% e 53,33%), seguida de C. tropicalis (13,33% e 16,67%) e C. krusei (13,33% e 6,67%), em mucosa e prótese, respectivamente. As amostras mostraram maior sensibilidade ao miconazol que à TFD (p<0,0001). CONCLUSÃO: Existiu uma associação entre a presença de Candida e EP, sendo C. albicans a espécie mais prevalente. Miconazol proveu melhores resultados na eliminação in vitro de colônias de Candida quando comparado à TFD.
Participation of the family in hospital-based palliative cancer care: perspective of nurses
Authors: Silva Marcelle Miranda da , Lima Lorhanna da Silva
Published: February 2015

The objective was to understand the perspective of nurses about the participation of the family in palliative cancer care and to analyze the nursing care strategies to meet their needs. Descriptive and qualitative research, conducted at the National Cancer Institute between January and March 2013, with 17 nurses. Elements of the Roy Adaptation Model were used for the interpretation of the data. Two categoriesemergedfrom the thematic analysis: perspective of nurses about the presence and valuation of family in the hospital; and appointing strategies to encourage family participation in care and meet their needs. This participation is essentialand represents a training opportunity for the purpose of homecare. Nurses create strategies to encourage it and seek to meet the needs. The results contribute to promote the family adaptation and integrity, in order to balance the dependent and independent behaviors, aimingfor quality of life and comfort. Further studies are neededdue to the challenges of the specialty.
Práticas de reescrita no ensino do gênero resenha
Authors: Araújo Júlio , Barros Marcilene Gaspar , Silva Elinaldo Soares
Published: February 2015

A escrita de gêneros acadêmicos exige perícia e reflexão e deve se configurar como um processo constante de reescrita, marcado por muitos ajustes linguístico-textuais. Acreditando que a vivência desse processo pode ser ensinada, o objetivo deste artigo é refletir sobre a reescrita do gênero resenha por estudantes do curso de Letras da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC). A base teórica desse exercício de análise procede da perspectiva de reescrita proposta por Fabre-Cols (2002) e da teoria de gêneros de Swales (1984; 1990). À luz desses autores, analisamos as mudanças efetuadas em resenhas acadêmicas (re)escritas por esses estudantes no decorrer da disciplina "Leitura e Produção de Textos Acadêmicos" (LPTA). Os resultados revelam que muitas das alterações realizadas pelos estudantes relacionam-se diretamente aos movimentos retóricos característicos do gênero, apropriados mais significativamente por eles durante a reescrita orientada em sala de aula.
Adição de frações por estimativa a partir do referencial de metade e de inteiro
Authors: Cruz Maria Soraia Silva , Spinillo Alina Galvão
Published: February 2015

O presente estudo investigou o papel desempenhado pelos referenciais de inteiro e de metade na resolução de adição de frações por estimativa. Crianças (8-9 anos) de classe média alunas do ensino fundamental resolveram as mesmas adições de frações em diferentes situações: por estimativa, usando o referencial de metade (Tarefa 1), por estimativa, usando o referencial de inteiro (Tarefa 2) e utilizando o simbolismo matemático apenas (Tarefa 3). Observou-se que embora não resolvessem as adições por meio do simbolismo matemático, as crianças faziam estimativas apropriadas com base no referencial de inteiro e de metade, tendo o mesmo bom desempenho com ambos os referenciais. Concluiu-se que pontos de referência desempenham papel importante no raciocínio lógico-matemático.
Fatores associados à formação da aliança terapêutica na psicoterapia obrigatória
Authors: Becker Natacha Hennemann de Oliveira , Benetti Sílvia Pereira da Cruz
Published: February 2015

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar de que forma se estabelece a aliança terapêutica (AT) em pacientes encaminhados de forma obrigatória para a psicoterapia, em comparação aos pacientes que buscam atendimento psicoterapêutico voluntariamente, verificando-se também as características das representações de objeto, mecanismos de defesa, percepção de coerção, e gravidade dos sintomas. Participaram da pesquisa 51 sujeitos, sendo 15 casos em psicoterapia obrigatória e 36 casos em tratamento voluntário. Ambos os grupos foram selecionados em uma instituição pública de saúde que oferece psicoterapia para funcionários públicos municipais. Os resultados apontaram que apesar dos pacientes obrigatórios apresentarem sintomas mais graves, foi possível o estabelecimento da AT. Além disso, o status de paciente obrigatório não influenciou o estabelecimento da AT e sim a percepção de coerção na procura de atendimento.
Possibilidades e constrangimentos à autonomia política dos municípios Brasileiros: O caso de salvador (1993.1996)
Authors: Blumm Márcia
Published: February 2015

O trabalho analisa a realidade dos mun1clp1os brasileiros, especialmente Salvador, no período da Gestão Lídice da Mata, de 1993 a 1996, a partir do referencial teórico e conceitual sobre governos locais e autonomia. Argumenta-se, neste artigo que, apesar da descentralização política e tributária ocorrida após a redemocratização, ainda existem milhares de municípios dependentes financeiramente de outros níveis de governo, sofrendo restrições à sua autonomia política. Porém, ao mesmo tempo, a abertura de espaços para a inserção dos interesses locais no Congresso Nacional após a Constituição de 1988 vem permitindo a ampliação de recursos financeiros para os territórios locais. No entanto, esses recursos não se destinam necessariamente aos projetos prioritários definidos pelo grupo eleito para governar a cidade. Portanto, busca-se aprofundar a discussão da autonomia política local, identificando fatores que influenciam seus resultados, através da análise empírica.
Research Methods in Weed Science: Statistics
Authors: Ritz Christian , Kniss Andrew R. , Streibig Jens C.
Published: February 2015

There are various reasons for using statistics, but perhaps the most important is that the biological sciences are empirical sciences. There is always an element of variability that can only be dealt with by applying statistics. Essentially, statistics is a way to summarize the variability of data so that we can confidently say whether there is a difference among treatments or among regression parameters and tell others about the variability of the results. To that end, we must use the most appropriate statistics to get a “correct” picture of the experimental variability, and the best way of doing that is to report the size of the parameters or the means and their associated standard errors or confidence intervals. Simply declaring that the yields were 1 or 2 ton ha−1does not mean anything without associated standard errors for those yields. Another driving force is that no journal will accept publications without the data having been subjected to some kind of statistical analysis.
Experimental Methods for Estimation of Plant Fitness Costs Associated with Herbicide-Resistance Genes
Authors: Vila-Aiub Martin M. , Gundel Pedro E. , Preston Christopher
Published: February 2015

Since the beginning of agriculture, crops have been exposed to recurrent invasion by weeds that can impose severe reductions in crop quality and yield. There have been continuing efforts to reduce the impacts of weeds on production. More than 40 yr ago, overreliance on herbicide technology to reduce weed infestations resulted in the selection of adaptive traits that enabled weed survival and reproduction under herbicide treatments (Délye et al. 2007; Powles and Yu 2010; Vila-Aiub et al. 2008). As a result, herbicide resistance in > 200 weed species has evolved worldwide (Heap 2013; Powles 2008).
Phase I Dose-Escalation Study of Pilaralisib (SAR245408, XL147), a Pan-Class I PI3K Inhibitor, in Combination With Erlotinib in Patients With Solid Tumors
Authors: Soria Jean-Charles , LoRusso Patricia , Bahleda Ratislav , Lager Joanne , Liu Li , Jiang Jason , Martini Jean-François , Macé Sandrine , Burris Howard
Published: February 2015

Author Summary

Background.

This phase I study evaluated the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics of pilaralisib (SAR245408), an oral pan-class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, in combination with erlotinib, an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor.

Methods.

In a 3 + 3 dose-escalation study, patients with advanced solid tumors received pilaralisib capsules once daily (21 days per 28-day cycle; 50–600 mg) plus erlotinib tablets once daily (28 days per 28-day cycle; 100 or 150 mg). An MTD expansion cohort of patients with non-small cell lung cancer who had previously received treatment with an EGFR inhibitor was included.

Results.

Thirty-five patients were enrolled. Only one patient had an EGFR activating mutation. One dose-limiting toxicity was reported (grade 4 drug reaction or rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms). MTD was pilaralisib 400 mg plus erlotinib 150 mg. The most commonly reported treatment-related adverse events were rash (62.9%), diarrhea (42.9%), and fatigue (40.0%). Pilaralisib PK findings were consistent with previous studies, suggesting erlotinib had no effect on pilaralisib pharmacokinetics. Pharmacodynamic analyses indicated moderate inhibition of PI3K, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and EGFR pathways. Of 27 evaluable patients, one had a partial response (3.7%) and 14 (51.9%) had stable disease. There was no association between molecular alterations of PI3K pathway components and clinical activity.

Conclusion.

Pilaralisib plus erlotinib had limited antitumor activity. Safety findings were similar to recent studies of single-agent pilaralisib or other PI3K inhibitors.
Learning Analytics Architecture to Scaffold Learning Experience through Technology-based Methods
Authors: Baalsrud Hauge Jannicke Madeleine , Stanescu Ioana A. , Arnab Sylvester , Moreno Ger Pablo , Lim Theodore , Serrano-Laguna Angel , Lameras Petros , Hendrix Maurice , Kiili Kristian , Ninaus Manuel , De Freitas Sara , Mazzetti Alessandro , Dahlbom Anders , Degano Cristiana
Published: February 2015

The challenge of delivering personalized learning experiences is often increased by the size of classrooms and online learning communities. Serious Games (SGs) are increasingly recognized for their potential to improve education. However, the issues related to their development and their level of effectiveness can be seriously affected when brought too rapidly into growing online learning communities. Deeper insights into how the students are playing is needed to deliver a comprehensive and intelligent learning framework that facilitates better understanding of learners' knowledge, effective assessment of their progress and continuous evaluation and optimization of the environments in which they learn. This paper discusses current SOTA and aims to explore the potential in the use of games and learning analytics towards scaffolding and supporting teaching and learning experience. The conceptual model (ecosystem and architecture) discussed in this paper aims to highlight the key considerations that may advance the current state of learning analytics, adaptive learning and SGs, by leveraging SGs as an suitable medium for gathering data and performing adaptations.
Riqueza y distribución de la familia Solanaceae en el estado de Aguascalientes, México
Authors: Sierra-Muñoz José Carlos , Siquieros-Delgado María Elena , Flores-Ancira Ernesto , Moreno-Rico Onésimo , Arredondo-Figueroa José Luis
Published: February 2015

Solanaceae es una de las familias económicamente más importantes a nivel mundial y México es reconocido como uno de sus centros de diversificación. Sin embargo, los trabajos taxonómicos y los reportes de diversidad generados en distintos estados de la República no son suficientes para tener una visión general acerca del número de especies y su distribución en el territorio nacional. El objetivo del presente estudio fue contribuir al conocimiento de la familia Solanaceae en México, dando a conocer la riqueza y distribución de las especies que se desarrollan en el estado de Aguascalientes. Los datos se obtuvieron de colectas y del análisis de 862 ejemplares de herbario. La familia Solanaceae en Aguascalientes está representada por 55 especies (16 nuevos registros) agrupadas en 12 géneros. Los géneros mejor representados son Solanum (23 especies) y Physalis (14), seguidos por Nicotiana y Datura (4), Bouchetia y Lycianthes (2), y Cestrum , Chamaesaracha , Jaltomata , Nicandra , Nierembergia y Petunia están representados por una especie cada uno. Solanaceae presenta una amplia distribución en el estado, desde los 1,600 a los 3,000 m de altitud. Está presente en todas las comunidades vegetales, destacan el matorral semiárido (32 especies), matorral subtropical (30), bosque de encino (28), la vegetación hidrófila (21) y el pastizal desértico (20). Gran cantidad de especies se desarrollan como malezas, por lo que es común encontrarlas en áreas con diversos grados de disturbio. Solanaceae representa la quinta familia más rica en especies del estado de Aguascalientes.
The grass family (Poaceae) in Coahuila, Mexico: Diversity and distribution
Authors: Valdés-Reyna Jesús , Villaseñor José Luis , Encina-Domínguez Juan A. , Ortiz Enrique
Published: February 2015

We analyzed the species richness of the grass family (Poaceae) in the state of Coahuila, Mexico, evaluating data from herbarium specimens. The evaluation was made by dividing the state into a grid of 20’ × 20’ squares (latitude × longitude), the objective was to identify areas of high species diversity. The herbaria revision documented 39 species of grasses, distributed in eight subfamilies, 19 tribes, and 97 genera. The genera with the highest number of species are Muhlenbergia (32 species), Bouteloua (21), and Eragrostis (18). Seven species are endemic to Northeastern Mexico ( Bromus densus , Bouteloua eriostachya , B. johns tonii , Calamagrostis coahuilensis , Festuca coahuilana , F. valdesii , and Poa wendtii ) and, 58 species, plus one subspecies and one variety are rare. Because arid areas cover a larger portion of the state, the subfamily Chloridoideae is dominant with 125 species. The subfamily Panicoideae has a record of 87 species and is mainly present in humid regions, while the Pooideae is abundant in the mountain regions of southeast and northwest, and includes 86 species. We evaluated the species richness for each grid square and propose some of these as important areas to carry out future conservation projects.
Engineering Approach to Achieve the First Successful Multistage Acid Frac of a Tight Oil Reservoir Producer in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Lucado Jared , Al-Hajri Muhammad A , Al-Mutairi Khaled Mouawad , Soriano J  Eduardo , Said Rifat , Pacheco Eduardo , Mubarak Tariq A , Rafie Majid , Nugraha Ikhsan
Published: February 2015

In Saudi Arabia, conventional oil reservoirs have been treated using conventional stimulation methods. The challenge is that many of the formations now are tighter and require improved stimulation methods. Fracturing is a major topic discussed in the industry as of late and as such using it in this formation will serve as a trial to shift from conventional stimulation methods to fracturing when facing tighter formations. This particular acid frac was performed in a tight carbonate formation ranging in permeability from 1 - 2 md. The chosen well is a newly drilled tri-lateral producer completed with a multi-stage frac completion in the mother bore and will serve as a pilot well for this reservoir in the area. The acid frac was a seven stage completion utilizing hydraulic fracturing. Several methods using pressure and injection were used to determine reservoir fracturing response and petrophysical properties. This paper will discuss the first multi-stage acid frac performed in an oil producer in Saudi Arabia. It will examine the entire process of candidate assessment, job preparations, and execution. In addition, the paper will discuss challenges faced, solutions taken, and the post-decision results. The paper will show how an injectivity test performed pre- and post-frac was used as a benchmarking tool to analyze the effectiveness of the frac. Finally, we will discuss the flowback of the well, initial results, lessons learned, and optimization of future jobs.
Strategies for Improving Recycling at a Higher Education Institution: A
Case Study of the University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus,
Barbados
Authors: Bailey Jamar , Pena Maria , Tudor Terry
Published: February 2015

Enhancing the sustainability of the management of waste from Higher Educational Institutions (HEIs) is
becoming an increasingly important issue, globally. Using the University of the West Indies (UWI), Cave Hill campus, in
Barbados as the case study HEI, and a combination of questionnaires, key informant interviews and waste audits, the
study aimed to understand waste management practices on campus, as well as to gain an insight into how waste is
managed at the national level. The results suggest that the key challenge facing sustainable waste management at the
University and the country in general was limited financial resources. Key motivators for recycling at the UWI were its
benefits to keeping the Campus clean and the generation of funds. The major barriers were a lack of motivation, high bin
contamination and a lack of knowledge regarding the Recycling Initiative. Bin location had a significant impact on
recyclable and contamination levels. Per capita overall and recyclable arisings at the University were 393.93 grams and
308.35 grams respectively. Recommendations included increased education and initiative awareness and strategies to
reduce bin contamination. At the national level, increased public awareness programs and involving everyone in the
process were key strategies proposed to overcome the challenges.
Spectral properties and tensor products of quasi-*-A(n) operators
Authors: Shen Junli , Chen Alatancang
Published: February 2015

In this paper, we prove that the spectrum is continuous on the class of all quasi-*-A(n) operators. And we obtain a sufficient condition for a quasi-*-A(n) operator to be normal. Finally, we consider the tensor products of quasi-*-A(n) operators, giving a necessary and sufficient condition for T
S to be a quasi-*-A(n) operator when T and S are both non-zero operators.
A global solution method for semivectorial bilevel programming problem
Authors: Zheng Yue , Chen Jiawei , Cao Xiaogang
Published: February 2015

In this paper, we consider a class of semivectorial bilevel programming
problem. An exact penalty function is proposed for such a problem. Based on
this penalty function, an algorithm, which can obtain a global solution of
the original problem, is presented. Finally, some numerical results
illustrate its feasibility.
Stability of a mixed type additive and quartic functional equation
Authors: Bodaghi Abasalt
Published: February 2015

In this paper we obtain the general solution of a mixed additive and quartic
functional equation. We also prove the Hyers-Ulam stability of this
functional equation in random normed spaces.
Properties (S) and (gS) for bounded linear operators
Authors: Rashid M.H.M.
Published: February 2015

An operator T acting on a Banach space X obeys property (R) if ?0a(T) =
E0(T), where ?0a(T) is the set of all left poles of T of finite rank and
E0(T) is the set of all isolated eigenvalues of T of finite multiplicity. In
this paper we introduce and study two new properties (S) and (gS) in
connection with Weyl type theorems. Among other things, we prove that if T is
a bounded linear operator acting on a Banach space, then T satisfies property
(R) if and only if T satisfies property (S) and ?0(T) = ?0a(T), where ?0(T)
is the set of poles of finite rank. Also we show if T satisfies Weyl theorem,
then T satisfies property (S). Analogous results for property (gS) are given.
Moreover, these properties are also studied in the frame of polaroid
operator.
On the Atom-Bond Connectivity index of cacti
Authors: Dong Hawei , Wu Xiaoxia
Published: February 2015

The Atom-Bond Connectivity (ABC) index of a connected graph G is defined as
ABC(G) = ?uv(E(G)?d(u)+d(v)-2/d(u)d(v), where d(u) is the degree of vertex u
in G. A connected graph G is called a cactus if any two of its cycles have at
most one common vertex. Denote by G0(n, r) the set of cacti with n vertices
and r cycles and G1(n,p) the set of cacti with n vertices and p pendent
vertices. In this paper, we give sharp bounds of the ABC index of cacti among
G0(n,r) and G1(n,p) respectively, and characterize the corresponding extremal
cacti.
Serbian perception of Hungarian cultural achievements between two World Wars
Authors: Malovic Gojko
Published: February 2015

Because of the conflict between the Hungarians and the Serbs in the World War
I, several years after its end Serbian public did not put much effort into
perceiving and forming impressions of Hungarian cultural achievements.
Nonetheless, Yugoslav state institutions, primarily the Ministry of Education
(also in charge of cultural affairs), paid close attention to developments in
the domain of Hungarian cultural achievements. Serbian public gradually
became more interested in Hungarian cultural achievements and contents. It
was informed about Hungarian cultural achievements largely through articles
in Hungarian newspapers and magazines, above all those specialized in
cultural and artistic contents in Hungary, particularly in Budapest, covering
the events in the following fields: literature, theater, music and singing,
visual arts, film, and radio shows. The Yugoslav (Serbian) press also
published articles on Hungarian cultural contents. Many recorded notes,
findings, impressions and opinions-predominantly positive ones - of leading
Serbian intellectuals, primarily writers, were preserved, which may be viewed
as paradigmatic Serbian interpretations of many segments of Hungarian
cultural and artistic events between the two world wars. There were many
initiatives by Hungarian cultural figures, as well as by leading Serbian
intellectuals, for a closer and more direct contact with Hungarian cultural
achievements through visits and presentations of cultural contents by
prominent Hungarian writers, actors and theater troupes, singers and choirs,
visual artists and other Hungarian cultural and artistic groups in Serbian
towns, foremost in Vojvodina, a significant number of which were carried out.
Many Serbs became directly acquainted with Hungarian cultural contents and
accomplishments between the two world wars by visiting numerous cultural
events in Hungary, primarily in Budapest.
Theological basis of ascetic tradition of Evagrius Ponticus
Authors: Djakovac Aleksandar
Published: February 2015

Evagrius Ponticus is one of the most significant representatives of ancient
Christian ascetic tradition of the East. His work had a strong impact on
theology and Christian ascetic practice in the past centuries. However, the
theological basis of his asceticism is certainly not unquestionable. In this
article the author examines Evagrius?s theological position and its relation
to his asceticism, so that his work could be appropriately evaluated.
The names of persons belonging to national minorities and their official recognition
Authors: Djuric Vladimir
Published: February 2015

This paper deals with the regulation of the use and official recognition of
names of persons belonging to national minorities in the minority languages
in international and Serbian law. The official recognition of names in the
minority languages could be faced with three types of challenges that require
legal interpretation and resolution: the way in which the name from a
minority language and script should be transcribed in the language and script
which is officially used, the possibility of dual use of the name and the
feasibility of changing the name and the legal legitimacy of such a request,
in cases in which such names have been forcibly changed. The laws and state
practices, the attitudes of international bodies, the theoretical
interpretations and the perception of the European Court of Human Rights in
connection with the above issues are different. The Republic of Serbia has
opted for the model of dual use of names which allows the official
recognition of the names in minority languages. On the other hand, the legal
provisions on the right to change the name and practice of its implementation
do not prevent the abuse of this right. The concept of minority self-rule
which is exercised by minority national councils, among others, in the field
of the official usage of the language and script also implies the question
whether it could be possible, by reference to the minority languages rules as
determined by the national council, to require a change of all national
minority member names that end with Slavic suffixes ?ic? and ?vic?, as it was
in the case at hand. The conclusion is that such attempts would not be
allowed in terms of human rights.
Laser assisted nitriding of nickel–chromium-based superalloy surface: Heating and diffusion analysis
Authors: Akhtar S. S. , Yilbas B. S. , Karatas C.
Published: February 2015

Inconel 718 is a nickel–chromium-based superalloy, and it is widely used in power industry because of its resistance to high-temperature environments. Treatment of the alloy becomes essential to prevent niobium segregation at the surface. Laser controlled melting and gas assisted nitriding is one of the methods to minimize changes in the elemental composition of the alloy surface. In general, high pressure nitrogen assisting gas is used coaxially with the laser beam to form a nitride layer and avoiding high-temperature exothermic oxidation reactions in the laser-irradiated region. The present study is carried out to model and simulate sequentially coupled thermal-diffusion process during laser assisted surface nitriding of nickel–chromium-based superalloy in line with experimental conditions. High pressure nitrogen gas jet is considered to impinge onto a workpiece surface coaxially with the laser beam during the treatment process. Finite element model is incorporated to predict the nitrogen concentration and temperature in the laser treated layer. It is found that the predictions of surface temperature and nitriding are found to be in close agreement with the experimental data. The study is extended to include the effect of laser intensity on the nitriding behavior.
Indications, complications, and outcome of horses undergoing repeated celiotomy within 14 days after the first colic surgery: 95 cases (2005–2013)
Authors: Dunkel Bettina , Mair Tim , Marr Celia M. , Carnwath Jordan , Bolt David M.
Published: February 2015

Objective—To examine factors associated with short- and long-term prognosis for horses undergoing repeated celiotomy within 14 days after the first colic surgery.

Design—Retrospective case series.

Animals—95 horses that had undergone 2 celiotomies within a 14-day period between 2005 and 2013 at 3 equine referral hospitals.

Procedures—Historical, clinical, and laboratory data were compared between horses that did not survive and horses that did survive to hospital discharge (short-term survival rate) and to > 3 and > 6 months after hospital discharge (long-term survival rates).

Results—Strangulating small intestinal lesions were the most common finding during the first celiotomy (60/95 [63.2%]), and persistent gastric reflux was the most common reason for the second celiotomy (56/95 [58.9%]). Reasons for a second celiotomy were not associated with survival rate. For horses that had long-term follow-up, 22 of 92 (23.9%) survived > 6 months after hospital discharge. Two of 13 horses with intestinal resections during both surgeries survived to > 6 months after hospital discharge. Compared with horses not undergoing intestinal resection, significantly fewer horses requiring resection during 1 or both surgeries survived to hospital discharge and to > 3 and > 6 months after hospital discharge. Incisional infections occurred in 68.4% (26/38) of horses that survived to hospital discharge, and 31.6% (12/38) developed incisional hernias or dehiscence.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that the prognosis for horses undergoing repeated celiotomy is guarded, and intestinal resection negatively affects the long-term survival rate.
What Is Improvement Science? Do We Need It in Education?
Authors: Lewis Catherine
Published: February 2015

The theory and tools of “improvement science” have produced performance improvements in many organizational sectors. This essay describes improvement science and explores its potential and challenges within education. Potential contributions include attention to the knowledge-building and motivational systems within schools, strategies for learning from variations in practice, and focus on improvement (rather than on program adoption). Two examples of improvement science in education are examined: the Community College Pathways Networked Improvement Community and lesson study in Japan. To support improvement science use, we need to recognize the different affordances of experimental and improvement science, the varied types of knowledge that can be generalized, the value of practical measurement, and the feasibility of learning across boundaries.
Simulating transient ice-ocean Ekman transport in the Regional Arctic System Model and Community Earth System Model
Authors: Roberts Andrew , Craig Anthony , Maslowski Wieslaw , Osinski Robert , Duvivier Alice , Hughes Mimi , Nijssen Bart , Cassano John , Brunke Michael
Published: February 2015

This work evaluates the fidelity of the polar marine Ekman layer in the Regional Arctic System Model (RASM) and Community Earth System Model (CESM) using sea-ice inertial oscillations as a proxy for ice-ocean Ekman transport. A case study is presented that demonstrates that RASM replicates inertial oscillations in close agreement with motion derived using the GPS. This result is obtained from a year-long case study pre-dating the recent decline in perennial Arctic sea ice, using RASM with sub-hourly coupling between the atmosphere, sea-ice and ocean components. To place this work in context, the RASM coupling method is applied to CESM, increasing the frequency of oceanic flux exchange from once per day in the standard CESM configuration, to every 30 min. For a single year simulation, this change causes a considerable increase in the median inertial ice speed across large areas of the Southern Ocean and parts of the Arctic sea-ice zone. The result suggests that processes associated with the passage of storms over sea ice (e.g. oceanic mixing, sea-ice deformation and surface energy exchange) are underestimated in Earth System Models that do not resolve inertial frequencies in their marine coupling cycle.
Factors influencing Ludwigs Angina
Authors: Mahmud Sharfuddin , Haque Rojibul , Mamun Abdullah Al , Alam Rafiul , Rahman Siddiqur , Islam Shaikhul , Alam Zahedul
Published: February 2015

Introduction: Ludwigs angina is a rapidly progressive, potentially fulminant cellulitis involving the sub-lingual, submental and sub-mandibular spaces. It typically originates from an infected or recently extracted tooth, most commonly the lower second and third molars. Besides, poor nutritional status, lack of proper medical supports are still major predisposing factors in developing Ludwigs angina in countries like Bangladesh. Aim: Our study aimed to observe etiological factors, clinical presentations, causative agents and treatment response. Method: We carried out a cross sectional study among 26 patients with Ludwigs angina admitted in the department of ENT and Head-neck surgery in Mitford Hospital from January- December-2012. Results: In this study we found that males are predominantly affected than females (22 males and 4 females, ratio-5.5:1) with odontogenic infection (15, 57%) as source. We found history of recent tooth extraction in 5 cases (19.2%) & organism was isolated from pus culture, Klebsiella in 5 cases (19.2%) out of 13 cases. In this study we found tooth cleaning habit of patients by tooth brush18 cases (69.2%). We elicited underlying systemic disease mainly Diabetes Mellitus in 4 cases (15.3%) and Chronic renal failure in some of our cases but could not reach in a conclusion as to whether systemic illness predisposes to Ludwig angina. Conclusion: Our study suggests that prompt and thorough clinical evaluation and definitive care will considerably improve patient condition and reduce morbidity and mortality. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v20i1.22010 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; April 2014; 20(1): 5-7