bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Dramatic Role of IFN Family in Aberrant Inflammatory Osteolysis
Authors: Deng Zihan , Hu Wenhui , Ai Hongbo , Chen Yueqi , Dong Shiwu
Published: November 2020

Skeletal system has been considered a highly dynamic system, in which bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts go through a continuous remodeling cycle to maintain homeostasis of bone matrix. It has been well acknowledged that interferons (IFNs), acting as a subgroup of cytokines, not only have crucial effects on regulating immunology but also could modulate the dynamic balance of bone matrix. In the light of different isoforms, IFNs have been divided into three major categories in terms of amino acid sequences, recognition of specific receptors and biological activities. Currently, type I IFNs consist of a multi-gene family with several subtypes, of which IFN-α exerts pro-osteoblastogenic effects to activate osteoblast differentiation and inhibits osteoclast fusion to maintain bone matrix integrity. Meanwhile, IFN-β suppresses osteoblast-mediated bone remodeling as well as exhibits inhibitory effects on osteoclast differentiation to attenuate bone resorption. Type II IFN constitutes the only type, IFN-γ, which exerts regulatory effects on osteoclastic bone resorption and osteoblastic bone formation by biphasic ways. Interestingly, type III IFNs are regarded as new members of IFN family composed of four members, including IFN-λ1 (IL-29), IFN-λ2 (IL-28A), IFN-λ3 (IL-28B) and IFN-λ4, which have been certified to participate in bone destruction. However, the direct regulatory mechanisms underlying how type III IFNs modulate the metabolic balance of bone matrix, remains poorly elucidated. In this review, we have summarized functions of IFN family during physiological and pathological conditions and described the mechanisms by which IFNs maintain bone matrix homeostasis via affecting the osteoclast-osteoblast crosstalk. In addition, the potential therapeutic effects of IFNs on inflammatory bone destruction diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis (OA) and infectious bone diseases are also well displayed, which are based on the predominant role of IFNs in modulating the dynamic equilibrium of bone matrix.
Biomimicry: Recent Updates on Nanotechnology Innovations Inspired by Nature Creations
Authors: Raj Sinchana , Channegowda Manjunatha
Published: November 2020

Nature mimicry rather, biomimicry is one such field being considered for the backbone of the most astounding inventions in recent science and technology. Biomimicry combined with nanotechnology developed many sustainable solutions to satisfy problems existing in daily life. In this article, we explore the individual concepts of biomimicry and nano-technology and then the combination of the both. The current review mainly focusses on nano innovations inspired by lotus leaf, gecko feet, butterfly wings, shark skin and peacock spider. We then look at the biological structures (more in nano-dimensions) from the entrenched interference patterns found on the butterfly wings inspiring in the development of display technologies to the self-cleaning properties of lotus that has resulted in the synthesis of nano materials having self-cleaning properties. In addition, insects like spiders which have inspired the most important inventions like optical devices, sensors, are also investigated. The challenges faced while implementing the biomimetic approach into technology are explained. We have also tried to shed light on the solutions which can tackle these challenges and issues.
Schiff Base Metal Complexes Precursor for Metal Oxide Nanomaterials: A Review
Authors: Patil Meghshyam K. , Masand Vijay H. , Maldhure Atish K.
Published: November 2020

Schiff bases and their complexes are versatile compounds, which have been synthesized
from the condensation of carbonyl compounds with amino compounds and exhibit a broad range of
applications in biological, medicinal, catalysis, and industrial purposes. Furthermore, Schiff basemetal
complexes have been used as a precursors for the synthesis of different metal oxides, which
include oxides of iron, cobalt, copper, nickel, manganese, vanadium, cadmium, zinc, mercury, etc.
and ferrites such as Fe3O4, ZnFe2O4, and ZnCo2O4. These metal oxides have been utilized for several
applications as a catalyst for several organic transformations and for biological activity. This review
encompasses different methods of synthesis of metal oxides using Schiff base metal complexes precursor,
their characterization, and various applications in detail.
The Importance of Citicoline in Combined Treatment in Dementia: What did the Citimem Study Teach us?
Authors: Gareri Pietro , Cotroneo Antonino Maria , Orsitto Giuseppe , Putignano Salvatore
Published: November 2020

Background::

Citicoline is a drug used both in degenerative and in vascular cognitive decline;
memantine is a drug used for the treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease (AD).
Our hypothesis is that their combined use could have enhanced action in patients having AD and
mixed dementia (MD). We report the main tips from a recent study on the use of these drugs, the
CITIMEM study.

Methods::

The study was retrospective and was performed on 126 patients aged 65 years old or older affected with AD or
MD (mean age 80.7 ± 5.2 years old) who had been visited between 2015 and 2017 in four different centers for dementia
all over Italy. Neuropsychological and functional tests were administered at baseline (T0), after 6 (T1), and 12 months
(T2). The effects of combined treatment versus memantine alone on cognitive functions assessed by Mini Mental State
Examination (MMSE) and the possible onset of side effects or adverse events, as well as the influence on daily life
functions and behavioral symptoms were investigated.

Results::

Patients undergoing combined treatment showed a significant increase in MMSE vs memantine alone, both at T1
(p=0.003) and T2 (p =0.000).

Conclusions::

The CITIMEM study confirms our hypothesis that combined administration of memantine plus citicoline is
safe and more effective than memantine alone on cognition in patients suffering from AD or MD.
Curbing the Deregulation of Glycosylation in Tongue Carcinoma Cells with Natural Compounds
Authors: Mehta Kruti A. , Patel Kinjal A. , Kunnumakkara Ajai B. , Patel Prabhudas S.
Published: November 2020

Background:

Aberrant glycosylation has been recently considered as a major hallmark of cancer.
Furthermore, we have reported that aberrant glycosylation, mainly sialylation and fucosylation, plays a major
role in oral cancer progression and metastasis.

Objective:

In the present study, we evaluated the role of tobacco compounds (4-NQO, NNK, Benzopyrene),
natural compounds (Curcumin, Butein and Piceatannol) and commonly used chemotherapeutic compound
(Cisplatin) on sialylation and fucosylation transcript levels in the tongue cancer cell line (SAS).

Methods:

The SAS cells were treated with the tobacco compounds, natural compounds and Cisplatin after
obtaining their IC50 values using MTT assay. After 24 hr treatment of the compounds, RNA was isolated from the
cells and converted to cDNA. RT-qPCR was performed for mRNA expression of glycosylation transcripts.

Results:

The treatment of tobacco compounds on the SAS cells resulted in increased mRNA levels of ST3GAL1,
NEU3, FUT5 and FUT6 in a dose-dependent manner. The treatment of Curcumin and Butein resulted in lower
mRNA levels of FUT8, whereas dose-dependent higher mRNA levels of FUT3 were also observed after the
treatment of Curcumin. SAS cells exhibited a dose-dependent decrease in ST3GAL2, FUT5 and FUT8 mRNA
after Piceatannol treatment. Furthermore, Cisplatin treatment on the SAS cells resulted in increased mRNA levels
of FUT3 as the concentration increased from 100 μM to 200 μM. While, treatment of Cisplatin resulted in
decreased mRNA levels of ST3GAL2, ST3GAL3, FUT5 and FUT8 in a dose-dependent manner. All together,
the data revealed Piceatannol as a potent synergistic for Cisplatin to target the altered glycosylation for better
treatment management of tongue carcinoma.

Conclusion::

The study provides a normal approach of targeting aberrant glycosylation with natural compounds,
which may open the possibility of newer therapeutic strategies using natural compounds alone or in combination
with other conventional therapies.
Contribution of Rs780094 and Rs1260326 Polymorphisms in GCKR Gene to Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Meta-Analysis Involving 26,552 Participants
Authors: Li Jiaying , Zhao Yuening , Zhang Hongxiang , Hua Wenxi , Jiao Wenzhi , Du Xuan , Rui Jingwen , Li Si , Teng Haiying , Shi Bimin , Yang Xiaoqin , Zhu Liyan
Published: November 2020

Background::

Many published studies attempted to elucidate the implication of glucokinase
regulator gene (GCKR) polymorphisms in the susceptibility to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
(NAFLD), but the results among them were still controversial.

Objective::

This meta-analysis aims to precisely assess the relationship between the GCKR polymorphisms and the risk of
NAFLD.

Methods::

Systematic computerized searches in six databases were performed and updated on April 6,
2020. Meta-analyses were conducted by calling the R programs based on accumulated epidemiological
data. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidential interval (CI) were calculated to summarize the effect estimates.

Results::

In total, 25 studies including 6,598 cases and 19,954 controls were included. The pooled estimates
indicated that the T allele carrier of the GCKR rs780094 polymorphism has predisposition to
NAFLD (allele model: OR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.11~1.29; homozygote model: OR: 1.38, 95% CI:
1.15~1.67; heterozygote model: OR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.12~1.39; dominant model: OR: 1.29, 95% CI:
1.13~1.47; recessive model: OR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.06~1.31), and the same as the rs1260326 polymorphism
(allele model: OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.22~1.42; homozygote model: OR: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.40~1.94;
heterozygote model: OR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.07~1.43; dominant model: OR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.21~1.59;
recessive model: OR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.28~1.62). Further stratified analyses according to age and ethnicity
confirmed the statistical existence in most subgroups.

Conclusion::

This meta-analysis suggested that both of the GCKR rs780094 and rs1260326 polymorphisms
are significantly associated with the increased risk of NAFLD.
Anti-diabetic Effect of Acridocarpus Orientalis
Authors: Lotfy Mohamed , Ksiksi Taoufik S. , Palakkot Abdul Rasheed , D’Souza Crystal M. , Mohsin Sahar , Adeghate Ernest A.
Published: November 2020

Background:

Acridocarpus orientalis (AO) is a medicinal herb indigenous to tropical and subtropical Africa, Arabian Peninsula, and New Caledonia with reported anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

Objective:

To determine whether AO has any beneficial effects on diabetes-induced metabolic parameters in rats.

Materials and Methods:

Diabetes mellitus was induced in male Wistar rats by streptozotocin. Diabetic rats were treated with three doses of AO extract (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg BW) for 30 days. Kidney, liver, and pancreatic tissue samples were processed for histopathology to determine the effect of AO on the cells of these organs. The effect of AO on pancreatic islet cells and serum insulin levels was also examined using immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques, respectively.

Results:

AO (100 mg/kg BW) caused a marked reduction in blood glucose levels in diabetic rats compared to diabetic control on day 10 of the study. Moreover, AO (200 mg/kg BW) increased the number of insulin-positive cells with a concomitant reduction in the number of glucagon-immunoreactive cells in pancreatic islets. AO (100 mg/kg) also increased the serum level of superoxide dismutase significantly. Although the administration of AO was able to significantly decrease the diabetes-associated increases in serum creatinine and bilirubin levels, it had no effect on blood urea nitrogen, serum aspartate, or alanine aminotransferase levels. Histopathological examination showed that AO has no toxic effect on the structure of the pancreas, liver, and kidney.

Conclusion:

Our findings showed that AO could alleviate some complications of diabetes mellitus.
Pain Management Interventions for Drug-addicted Patients Admitted in Intensive Care Units: An Integrative Review
Authors: Simbeye Joel , Navab Elham , Bahramnezhad Fatemeh
Published: November 2020

Background:

Pain management interventions among critically ill drug-addicted patients admitted to ICUs are still the major challenge faced by healthcare practitioners.

Objective:

Therefore, this study aimed to identify and appraise the pain management approaches of patients with drug addiction (substance use disorder) admitted in ICUs.

Methods:

An integrative review of the literature was performed; narrative data synthesis was used for data extraction. The search was performed using scientific databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Ovid Medline and EMBASE from January 2000 to September 2019. All studies that assessed pain management interventions for drug-addicted patients (substance use disorder) admitted in ICUs were included in the review.

Results:

Initially, four studies were included in this review. All these studies were Randomized Controlled Trials. The settings were intensive care units in the United States and Iran. The evidence identified from all studies included administration of intravenous paracetamol and midazolam, implementation of Buprenorphine-Naloxone therapy, adjuvant therapy and proper utilization of nursing sedation and pain management interventions for addicted patients admitted in ICUs.

Conclusion:

Management of pain in drug-addicted patients admitted in ICUs is relevant to healthcare practitioners, especially critical care nurses, as these patients’ subpopulation is at risk of underestimation of pain levels and not getting appropriate treatment.
Oral Controlled Delivery of Natural Compounds Using Food-Grade Polymer Microparticles
Authors: Curcio Claudia , Bonaccorso Angela , Musumeci Teresa , Pignatello Rosario
Published: November 2020

Background::

targeted drug delivery to colon is a strategical approach for the local cure of inflammation bowel diseases (IBD) and other syndromes like colon cancer. Research is actively focusing on possible alternative and safer therapies to conventional drugs, based on herbal remedies and other natural products. In particular, colon-targeted drug delivery systems (CDDS) offer the opportunity to protect the active compound along the way to the colon. Drug release and absorption, and even degradation should not occur in the stomach and small bowel, but a selective release should star once the system moves to the colonic area.

Objective::

this work aims at evaluating the gastro-resistant properties of new food-grade methacrylic resins (Eudraguard®), used not as coating materials, but after the formation of microparticles, to achieve a delayed and targeted release of a model drug, resveratrol (RVT), to the ileo-colonic area.

Methods::

microparticles were produced by an emulsion-solvent evaporation technique (ESE) and characterized by solid-state analytical methods. RVT release profiles were assessed in vitro using a pH-change procedure, able to simulate the transit of the carrier along the gastro-intestinal tract.

Results::

Eudraguard® Biotic can form microparticles with a very high encapsulation efficiency for RVT; the polymeric matrix is able to limit the diffusion of the drug at gastric and gut pH conditions, while a higher release was achieved at pH 7.4. Conversely, using the Eudraguard® Control resin, alone or blended with the former polymer, did not allow to achieve a controlled release of RVT at the various pH values.

Conclusion::

food-grade Eudraguard® matrices can be proposed, and would deserve further investigations, as polymeric materials for the preparation of micrometric matrices or pellets for the oral controlled release of natural active ingredients to the ileo-colonic area.
Psychiatric Manifestations of Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome in Adolescents: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Shirk Daisy Vyas , Williams Sarah D.
Published: November 2020

Background:

Ehlers-Danlos Syndromes (EDS) comprise a group of heterogeneous hereditary
connective tissue disorders [1, 2]. Psychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety, panic
disorder, agoraphobia, schizophrenia, neurodevelopmental disorders, personality disorder, eating
disorders, substance misuse and interpersonal issues have been reported in the literature to be associated
with EDS [1-3].

Objectives:

The case of a 15-year old male who was hospitalized after a suicide attempt by gunshot,
who was discovered to have symptoms suggestive of EDS, is presented in this paper along with the
results of a literature search of psychiatric manifestations of EDS in children and adolescents.

Methods:

Literature review was conducted on the UpToDate website on March 11, 2020 to review
symptoms of Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome for the purpose of preliminary diagnosis of this patient. Additional
literature search was conducted on PubMed on 4/2/20 at 12:10 P.M. and on 4/9/20 at 10:51
P.M. and on the search engine Google on 4/2/20 at 12:25 P.M. On May 11, 2020 at 2 P.M., another
web search was conducted with a review of 6 different websites pertaining to Ehlers-Danlos
Syndrome.

Results:

A systematic review of psychiatric manifestations of Ehlers-Danlos Syndromes revealed a
strong incidence of psychiatric symptoms.

Conclusion:

Our patient’s psychiatric symptoms of depression, suicidal ideations, anxiety and social
and educational struggles may have been at least partially due to chronic pain- abdominal,
headache and musculoskeletal, and social ostracization associated with Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome.
Education regarding this illness helped our patient’s recovery as he came to understand why he was
so “odd” and the cause of his multisystemic chronic pain.
Sharing economy on election campaign through social media
Authors: Widhiasthini Ni Wayan
Published: November 2020

Simultaneous regional head elections in 2020 are a democratic party held during the Covid19 pandemic. There are social restrictions and community mobility and in the context of preventing the spread of the virus, social media has become the main choice for election participants in campaigning. The sharing economy is the reference in this article, based on the prevailing view in society that elections are more closely watched from the political aspect. The era of disruption has penetrated various fields including politics, democracy, especially in the administration of elections. The problem in this article describes the practice of sharing the economy of the election campaign through social media. The goal to be achieved is to contribute to thoughts and to provide awareness that campaigns on social media are not merely political activities. But economic activity with a collaborative economic concept. The discussion of this article covers the six districts in Bali that are participating in the general election simultaneously in 2020. The results of the discussion show that the practice of sharing economy in the election campaign through social media is carried out through the selection of the social media platform that will be used to carry out the campaign.
Comparison effecting of mixture on three meat factors and three culinary sectors on consumers in restaurant Nusa Dua
Authors: Suarta Gede , Sukada Ketut , Suberata Wayan
Published: November 2020

This study aims to find the best culinary mix of 3 meat factors, namely: chicken, pork, and beef mixed with 3 culinary factors, namely kebab, spaghetti, and hamburger. The research design used a factorial design with 3 replications, so that the total number of observations was 27 units including KA (chicken kebab), KB (pork kebab), KS (Cow Kebab), SA (Chicken Spaghetti, SB (Spaghetti Babi, SS (Spaghetti) Cow, HA (Chicken Hamberger), HB (Pig Hamberger, HS (Cow Hamberger) each repeated 3 times so that a 3x3x3 factorial analysis occurs using analysis of variants processed with SPSS (Statistical Product System Solution), each variable is measured by the number of consumers who From the results of the Duncant Test, it was found that the culinary products that bought the most buyers were 37.56 (P<0.05), spaghetti 23.22 (P<0.05), hamberger 21.11 (P<0.5), while the desire to choose a mixture of meat was not significantly different, chicken was 31.67 (P> 0.05, beef 21.11 (P>0.05), pork was 23.11 (P> 0,05) The interaction between culinary types and meat types was not significantly different (P> 0.05) It can be concluded that the real type of kebab culinary is the most preferred by consumers.
How educational technology innovates distance learning during pandemic crisis in remote areas in Indonesia?
Authors: Rayuwati Rayuwati
Published: November 2020

This study presents the results of a review of seven international publications that discuss how technology can innovate distance learning during a pandemic crisis in remote areas in Indonesia. It cannot be denied that technology services are quite large in helping the learning of the nation's children all over Indonesia. However, we should cool off on educational researchers' findings, especially technology-based learning innovations, which are now increasingly being used in all business and educational activities of the younger generation. We have conducted a review of various literature. Then we continue with a review of ten publications on the role and impact of technology applications on the sustainability of learning in areas where internet networks are still tricky issues. To prove the claim, we conducted a qualitative analysis in a phenomenological and in-depth understanding to ensure that our findings were based on validity and reliability.
Analisis Potensi dan Kapasitas Energi Hibrida di Desa Komor, Kecamatan Unir Sirau, Kabupaten Asmat, Papua.
Authors: Failasufa Huda
Published: November 2020

Kawasan Timur Indonesia memiliki potensi sumber energi angin dan surya untuk dikembangkan. Provinsi Papua memiliki rasio elektrifikasi terendah di Indonesia seperti Desa Komor terletak di Kecamatan Unir Sirau Kabupaten Asmat Provinsi Papua dimana ketersediaan pembangkit jauh dari pusat beban dan banyaknya pelanggan di daerah terpencil sehingga pemanfaatan potensi energi hibrid menjadi pertimbangan untuk meningkatkan rasio desa berlistrik berbasis energi terbarukan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan kapasitas pembangkit hibrida dari PLTD-PLTS dan PLTD-PLTB yang optimal untuk menyuplai kebutuhan energi di Desa Komor sebesar 80.825 kWh per tahun. Piranti perangkat lunak HOMER Energy Modeling digunakan untuk menganalisis potensi energi hibrida tersebut. Hasil simulasi dari sistem terdiri dari dua skenario sistem energi hibrida off Grid. Skenario pertama sistem energi hibrida off Grid PLTD 50 kW-PLTS 56 kW menghasilkan 130.144 kWh per tahun. Skenario kedua sistem energi hibrida off Grid PLTD 50 kW-PLTB 56 kW menghasilkan 93.250 kWh per tahun. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah sistem pembangkit yang optimal untuk diterapkan dengan kapasitas yang sama yaitu sistem energi hibrid off Grid PLTD-PLTS, sistem energi tersebut lebih optimal diterapkan karena memiliki produksi listrik lebih tinggi sebesar 130,144 kWh per tahun. Total bauran energi terbarukan pada skenario pertama lebih tinggi sebesar 61% dibanding skenario kedua.
PREDIKSI TOTAL PADATAN TERLARUT BUAH MELON GOLDEN (Cucumis melo L.) MENGGUNAKAN VIS-SWNIRS DAN ANALISIS MULTIVARIAT
Authors: Hadiwijaya Yuda , Kusumiyati Kusumiyati , Munawar Agus Arip
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan memprediksi total padatan terlarut buah melon golden menggunakan Vis-SWNIRS dan analisis multivariat. 82 sampel buah melon golden dipanen untuk dianalisis di Laboratorium Hortikultura, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran. Nirvana AG410 spectrometer dengan rentang panjang gelombang 300 sampai 1050 nm digunakan untuk pengambilan data spektra pada sampel buah melon utuh. Metode koreksi spektra yang digunakan yaitu standard normal variate (SNV), multiplicative scatter correction (MSC), dan orthogonal signal correction (OSC). Pemodelan kalibrasi dilakukan menggunakan partial least squares regression (PLSR). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan metode koreksi spektra OSC menampikan model kalibrasi terbaik dibandingkan spektra original dan 2 spektra lainnya yang telah dikoreksi. Koefisien determinasi pada spektra OSC memperlihatkan nilai R2 tertinggi yaitu 0.99, disamping itu nilai ratio performance to deviation (RPD) yang diperoleh sebesar 3.40. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa total padatan terlarut buah melon golden dapat diprediksi dengan akurasi yang tinggi menggunakan Vis-SWNIRS dan analisis multivariat.
Testing the Efficacy of a Multicomponent, Self-Guided, Smartphone-Based Meditation App: Three-Armed Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Goldberg Simon B , Imhoff-Smith Theodore , Bolt Daniel M , Wilson-Mendenhall Christine D , Dahl Cortland J , Davidson Richard J , Rosenkranz Melissa A
Published: November 2020

Background

A growing number of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) suggest psychological benefits associated with meditation training delivered via mobile health. However, research in this area has primarily focused on mindfulness, only one of many meditative techniques.

Objective

This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of 2 versions of a self-guided, smartphone-based meditation app—the Healthy Minds Program (HMP)—which includes training in mindfulness (Awareness), along with practices designed to cultivate positive relationships (Connection) or insight into the nature of the self (Insight).

Methods

A three-arm, fully remote RCT compared 8 weeks of one of 2 HMP conditions (Awareness+Connection and Awareness+Insight) with a waitlist control. Adults (≥18 years) without extensive previous meditation experience were eligible. The primary outcome was psychological distress (depression, anxiety, and stress). Secondary outcomes were social connection, empathy, compassion, self-reflection, insight, rumination, defusion, and mindfulness. Measures were completed at pretest, midtreatment, and posttest between October 2019 and April 2020. Longitudinal data were analyzed using intention-to-treat principles with maximum likelihood.

Results

A total of 343 participants were randomized and 186 (54.2%) completed at least one posttest assessment. The majority (166/228, 72.8%) of those assigned to HMP conditions downloaded the app. The 2 HMP conditions did not differ from one another in terms of changes in any outcome. Relative to the waitlist control, the HMP conditions showed larger improvements in distress, social connectedness, mindfulness, and measures theoretically linked to insight training (d=–0.28 to 0.41; Ps≤.02), despite modest exposure to connection- and insight-related practice. The results were robust to some assumptions about nonrandom patterns of missing data. Improvements in distress were associated with days of use. Candidate mediators (social connection, insight, rumination, defusion, and mindfulness) and moderators (baseline rumination, defusion, and empathy) of changes in distress were identified.

Conclusions

This study provides initial evidence of efficacy for the HMP app in reducing distress and improving outcomes related to well-being, including social connectedness. Future studies should attempt to increase study retention and user engagement.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04139005; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04139005
How to augment Manual Contact Tracing with Digital Contact Advice (Preprint)
Authors: Raskar Ramesh , Kapa Suraj , Pahwa Deepti , Falgas Renaud , Sinha Lagnojita , Prasad Aarathi , Singh Abhishek , Iyer Rohan , Sharma Vivek
Published: November 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

Manual contact tracing is a top-down solution that starts with contact tracers at the public health level, who identify the contacts of infected individuals, interview them to get additional context about the exposure, and also monitor their symptoms and support them until the incubation period is past. On the other hand, digital contact tracing is a bottom-up solution that starts with citizens who on obtaining a notification about possible exposure to an infected individual may choose to ignore the notification, get tested to determine if they were actually exposed or self-isolate and monitor their symptoms over the next two weeks. Most experts recommend a combination of manual and digital contact tracing, though they are limited published studies to guide implementation. One possible hybrid solution digital and manual contact tracing could involve a smartphone based alert that requests the possible contact of an infected individual to call Public Health (PH) for next steps, or that suggests ways to self-assess in order to reduce the burden on PH by only advising the most critical cases to call. In this paper, we aim to compare manual and digital approaches to contact tracing and provide suggestions for potential hybrid solutions.
THE ‘AMERICAN’ HEGEMONIC CULTURE: ITS ROOTS, FEATURES AND IMPLICATIONS TO WORLD CULTURE
Authors: Kasiyarno Kasiyarno
Published: November 2020

That America is historically a nation which developed a hegemonic culture around the world has been an unquestionable issue for many Americanists. In that kind of culture, it insisted that the world had no alternative but acceptance of American ideas, values and way of life. This is what we call as Americanization which drives a cultural imperialism through eagerly practicing the hegemonic culture primarily when the country rose as the single world hegemon. It is really factual that American hegemonic culture is the cultural heritage from British Empire, which had already got a strong influence from Roman Empire. Because of the strong myth as the chosen people, the United States is clearly identified as a strong expansionist which always tries to control others and acts unilateraly. Through this way, the United States promotes itself as the most influential country and its culture as the most widely imitated around the world.Keywords: Hegemonic Culture, Americanization, Expansionist, the Most Influential
HENRY A. KISSINGER’S ARTICLE ON TERRORISM: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Rudin Mokhamad Toha
Published: November 2020

The aim of this study is to conduct a critical analysis of Kissinger’s article “America’s Assignment” on Newsweek 2004, and to elaborate US foreign policy toward Islam world and Terrorism after the end if the Cold War, this article also tries to find the ideology or tradition of American foreign policy reflected in Kissinger’s article “America’s Assignment”, and how is Realism ideology reflected in the article. The study employs library research in which the data gathered from books, journals, magazines, and internet. The study also employs Van Dijk’s critical linguistic model for the critical analysis of Kissinger’s “America’s Assignment”.The result of the study shows that Kissinger’s “America’s Assignment” reflects both "multilateralistrealist” and “realist-idealist” perspectives for the US foreign policy that the US government should employ. He argues that no single superpower in the world could manage the world order alone without the participants of other world countries. He opposes W. Bush’s unilateral foreign policy toward Iraq though he agrees to “the move toward empire (terrorist) must be halted immediately”. He also argues that bringing democracy into the world, especially Iraq and Muslim worlds, is necessary in order to set up the new world order. The study also shows that after the collapse of the Soviet Union, there is a new ideological and cultural conflict between Islam, especially the militant fundamentalist in the fringe of Islam, against the US (Western) globalization of democratization. The new conflict is also generated by the Western phobia toward Islam that can be traced back to the mid-century when the War of Crusade between Islam and Christianity happened.Keywords: US foreign policy, Realist, Idealist, Multilateralist, Unilateralist
CULTURAL HYBRIDITY TOWARDS AN UPWARD MOBILITY: IMPLICATIONS OF THE AMERICAN MEDIA AND AMERICAN CORPORATE CULTURE IN INDONESIA
Authors: Inkiriwang Alfred , Winter Riani E. Inkiriwang
Published: November 2020

Hybridity has been defined in many terms. Subsequently, cultural hybridity is associated with different meanings, as seen from a spectrum of theoretical and disciplinary perspectives. In the realm of Transnational American Studies in Indonesia, the hybridization of American Media and American Corporate Culture into those domains in Indonesia would be an observable transnational cultural phenomenon. American corporate culture has a hegemonic dominance in the world as it has in Indonesia. Similarly, in the current global media culture, American media’s influence has brought with it its culture to places throughout the world including Indonesia. In the current discourses hybridity has “long left behind the negative implications and connotations of inferiority” and it presents currently the intercultural exchange of transnational and global mobility. This article explores American and Indonesian cultural hybridity as a notion of upward mobility in the domain of media culture and corporate culture in Indonesia.
YOUTH POLITICAL AND CULTURAL MOVEMENTS AGAINST THE UNITED STATES INVASION IN VIETNAM IN THE 1960S
Authors: Larasatiningrum Agnes Yudita
Published: November 2020

History has shown us that the most successful progressive movements have been intergenerational. Thus, this article will deeply examine about youth movements in the U.S specifically on youth movement against the U.S invasion in Vietnam War around 1960s. Vietnam War was the first modern American conflict that seriously affected the United States not only politically, but also socio-culturally. It will be explored how youth generation has become a breakthrough in American history since it was the most significant movement of its kind in the nation’s history. According to Karl Mannheim one generation is not fully continuity of the elder generation, but they could be different and challenging the established form. Youth tend to reject the US involvement in the Vietnam War because there is a gap between the ideals they have learned from older generations and the realities they have experienced.Keywords: U.S. Youth Movement, Vietnam War, and Generational Cohorts.
REPRESENTATION OF VALUES THROUGH POPULAR LITERATURE: A CASE STUDY ON TRANSRACIAL ADOPTION IN AMERICAN MOVIES
Authors: Indriani Novita
Published: November 2020

This thesis is intended to uncover values in American movies related to trans-racial adoption in American family. The movie samples in this thesis are Deep In My Heart, Losing Isaiah, Daughter From Danang and The Blind Side. This research analyzes the values taught by the adoptive parents to their adoptive children, and the ideology behind the movies. It uses the representation theory from Stuart Hall to analyze the representation of values in the movies. This research also employs the theory of ideology from Terry Eagleton to discover the ideology related to the values in the movies and the concept of identity from Browne. As a result, parents teach the same values to their children, whether they are adopted or biological. The values are freedom, equality, honesty, hard work, supporting each other and responsibility. They treat them equally just like their own children and they deserve to have a better life and better future even though they come from a different racial background. The ideology in the movies is “all men are created equal”, and identity in trans-racial adoption shows that through the values children can be anything they want to be because identity is the process that can be influenced by social institutions like family, the education system and their experience.Keywords: Representation, Transracial Adoption, Value, Ideology, Identity
NON-VIOLENCE PRINCIPLES IN KING’S SPEECHES AND ITS IMPACTS TO AFRICAN AMERICAN SOCIETY
Authors: Putri Eryn Gemala
Published: November 2020

This paper is aimed to analyze the non-violence principles in Martin Luther King’s speeches and the impacts to African American society and reveal the consistency of King in practicing non-violence principles. This study is a qualitative research, which is conducted under a library research. To describe and analyze non-violence principles in King’s speeches, the writer applied American Studies perspective of interdisciplinary approach. Therefore, it applies a number of related approaches in an integrated way: literature, social, and culture. The result of this research reveals that Martin Luther King is consistent in applying non-violence principles. Applying non-violence principles gives impacts to African American society. Desegregation in public facility and the legalization of voting right for African American society are the impacts of non-violence principles that initiated by King.Keyword: non-violence principles, impacts of non-violence principles, public desegregation,speech.
HIP HOP AS A REFLECTION OF AMERICAN VALUES: A SEMIOTICS ANALYSIS ON SAVE THE LAST DANCE AND STEP UP MOVIES
Authors: Setyawati Naris Eka
Published: November 2020

This study examines seven movies that are based on characters created by Duane Adler. They are two Save the Last Dance and five Step Up movies. This discussion is a library research which is conducted within the framework of American Studies approach under the scope of history, social, and culture. This research uses Barthes’ semiotics theory on myth to analyze the depiction of American phenomena in the movies.The objectives of this study are to examine the portrayal of Hip Hop in United States of America and to analyze the reflection of American values through movies. The discussions on the topic reveal that Hip Hop becomes the source for movies’ narratives. It is manifested in hip hop related scenes of the movies. They portray signs of rebellion and juvenile delinquency in the first order-semiological system. These portrayals reflect American values of rebellion and freedom. Moreover, life struggle and American belief in the land of opportunity play the signs in Barthes’ second order-semiological system. The American values reflected through the discussions are competitiveness, hard work, determined, optimism, and materialism.Keywords: Hip Hop, hip hop, popular culture, semiotics, American values
The Regaining Territory of the Ojibwa Tribe in Louise Erdrich’s The Birchbark House Book Series
Authors: Nuristama Ramadhina Ulfa
Published: November 2020

Native American people have been experienced in confronting the white people. One of their experiences in confronting the white people is written in the Louise Erdrich’s literary works, an Ojibwa author. Native American authors have different point of view in telling about Native Americans because they and their ancestors have bitter experiences in dealing with the white people, especially the Ojibwa tribe’s experiences living in the America where other Native American tribes cannot survive their tribes. This research focuses on the struggles of the Ojibwa people in getting their territory and the reasons why the Ojibwa people try so hard in keeping their territory. This research uses historical approach in its analysis. The method used is qualitative method related to literature study by using the five books of The Birchbark House book series as the primary data of this research. There are several conclusions based on the analysis of the data. The Ojibwa people are able to maintain their tribal presence in America against the white people. They can defend their tribe by using their intelligence, courage, and self-confidence. As for the reasons they prefer to choose their own way in getting territory because of several factors such as beliefs, relatives, and natural conditions of the land. Keywords: Historical Approach, Indian Territory, Native American, Ojibwa.
WONDER WOMAN (2017): AN AMBIGUOUS SYMBOL OF FEMINISM
Authors: Ghaisani Marinda P. D.
Published: November 2020

Wonder Woman is a popular fictional character who promotes the idea of an independent and powerful woman. Her name is glorified as she is assumed that she changes to the idea of the world being solely led and dominated by men. A remake film released in 2017 brings this popular character back into the silver screen. Despite being highly anticipated, not everyone supports Wonder Woman as an ideal symbol for women’s empowerment as dreamed by the feminists. Instead, the perception directed to Wonder Woman is divided into two lenses. One side believes that Wonder Woman is in line with the idea of feminism. In contrast, the other believes that she is the ideal example of a character who conforms to the standard set by patriarchal ideology.In investigating this idea, this paper applies Kate Millett’s concept of “personal is political” and how men and women’s roles in society have been passed down to the younger generation. The discussion illustrates that patriarchal power has infiltrated the character of Wonder Woman. Therefore, Wonder Woman becomes an ambiguous symbol when used for the women empowerment movement.Keywords: ambiguous; feminism; film; patriarchal power; Wonder Woman
THE CHALLENGE TOWARDS THE HEGEMONY OF HETERONORMATIVITY AS DEPICTED IN JENNY’S WEDDING: A PIERRE BOURDIEU’S SOCIAL REPRODUCTION THEORY
Authors: Wulandari Lisa Okta , Susilastuti Dewi Haryani
Published: November 2020

In America, the definition of marriage has changed. The Supreme Court has legalized same-sex marriage. As the growth of LGBT people slowly continues, and they keep struggle and fight for their equality, heterosexuals might feel threatened. This study aims to know how the same-sex relationship challenges the hegemony of heteronormativity and whether or not the gender norm has been shifted as proof. This study uses Jenny's Wedding (2015). It focuses on gender position, role, and responsibility in heteronormativity and homosexuality. This study uses the sociological approach and gender theory, to see the relation between heteronormativity and the individuals also Pierre Bourdieu’s social reproduction theory to see the shifting of gender norm. The finding shows that heteronormativity is used as the standard to judge, stereotype, expect things, and make assumptions. The recognition and support from society towards LGBT people and their coming out give challenges for the existenceof heterosexuals. Therefore, the contact of heteronormativity and homosexuality makes the heteronormativity no longer pure. When homosexuality affects gender norm, there must be changes in the gender norm itself.Keywords: gender; hegemony; heteronormativity; homosexuality; same-sex relationship
Neighborhood Poverty and Amygdala Response to Negative Face
Authors: Assari Shervin
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Considerable research has established a link between socioeconomic status (SES) and brain function. While studies have shown a link between poverty status and amygdala response to negative stimuli, a paucity of knowledge exists on whether neighborhood poverty is also independently associated with amygdala hyperactive response to negative stimuli. Purpose: Using functional brain imaging data, this study tested the association between neighborhood SES and the amygdala’s response to negative stimuli. Considering race as a sociological rather than a biological construct, we also explored racial heterogeneity in this association between non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White youth. Methods: We borrowed the functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) data of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. The sample was 2,490 nine to ten years old non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White adolescents. The independent variable was neighborhood income which was treated as a continuous measure. The primary outcomes were the right and left amygdala response to negative face during an N-Back task. Age, sex, race, marital status, and family SES were the covariates. To analyze the data, we used linear regression models. Results: Low neighborhood income was independently associated with a higher level of amygdala response to negative face. Similar results were seen for the right and left amygdala. These effects were significant net of race, age, sex, marital status, and family SES. An association between low neighborhood SES and higher left but not right amygdala response to negative face could be observed for non-Hispanic Black youth. No association between neighborhood SES and left or right amygdala response to negative face could be observed for non-Hispanic White youth. Conclusions: For American youth, particularly non-Hispanic Black youth, living in a poor neighborhood predicts the left amygdala reaction to negative face. This result suggested that Black youth who live in poor neighborhoods are at a high risk of poor emotion regulation. This finding has implications for policy making to reduce inequalities in undesired behavioral and emotional outcomes. Policy solutions to health inequalities should address inequalities in neighborhood SES.
AMERİKA’DA ÇAĞDAŞ BASKI SANATLARININ GELİŞİMİ
Authors: KILIÇ ATEŞ Selvihan
Published: November 2020

Amerika’da sosyal ve politik hayatın yansıması olarak baskıresim, savaş sonrası yaşanan toplumsal çöküşten kurtulmak ve buhran dönemini atlatmak için geliştiren “Federal Sanat Projesi” ile sanatçılar için iş olanağı sağlamış ve proje ile pek çok eser ortaya konmuştur. II. Dünya Savaşı sonrasında etkinliğini koruyan baskıresim, sanatçıların ilgisini çekmiş ve yayılım oranı artmıştır. 20. Yüzyılın ikinci yarısında baskıresim atölyelerinin birer birer kurulmaya başlaması ile baskıresim Amerika’da geniş kapsamlı bir değişim geçirmiştir. Pek çok Amerikalı sanatçının baskıresim yapmış olduğu ve kurulan atölyeler aracılığı ile üretimini gerçekleştirdiği görülmüştür. Amerikan baskıresim sanatını şekillendiren bu sanatçı ve atölyeler ile Çağdaş Amerikan baskıresim sanatçıları çalışmanın ana sorunsalını oluşturmuştur. Günümüzde geleneksel baskı teknikleri hala etkisini sürdürürken dijital baskı daha yeni teknik olarak ön plana çıkmıştır. Çok yönlü bir dil olarak baskıresim, yenilikçi yaklaşımlar ve farklı anlatımlar ile çağdaş sanatçıların ifade biçimi ile şekillenmiştir. Bu çalışmada, Amerika’da baskıresmin bugünü ele alınarak, günümüz baskıresim eserleri ve sanatçıları, seçilen konular ve teknik uygulamalar incelenmiştir. Araştırma, Amerika’da baskıresim üreten sanatçıların tanınması ve literatür taramasında yer almaları, genç sanatçılar için yeni ufuklar oluşturması açısından önem arz etmiştir. Makalede, sergi incelemeleri, söyleşiler ve kaynak taramaları ile nitel araştırma yöntemleri çerçevesinde çalışılmıştır.
FONTES DO DIREITO PENAL INTERNACIONAL
Authors: Feitosa Renato Almeida , Cantarelli Margarida de Oliveira
Published: November 2020

Investigar as fontes do direito internacional penal é debruçar-se sobre o gênesis de sua existência. Muito antes do Tratado de Roma de 1998, os Tribunais Internacionais Ad Hoc, por meio de sua produção jurisprudencial, contribuíram como protagonistas, para a construção desse setor do direito, que é produto da intercessão do direito penal com o direito internacional.
PANDEMIA DE (IN)DIGNIDADE: O CORONAVÍRUS E O ESTADO DE COISAS INCONSTITUCIONAL DO SISTEMA CARCERÁRIO BRASILEIRO
Authors: Pereira Claudio José Langroiva , Ianni Gabriela de Castro
Published: November 2020

No presente trabalho analisamos a busca da finalidade ressocializadora da pena de prisão e os meios para sua realização a partir da Lei de Execução Penal brasileira Lei 7.210/1984). No contexto da pandemia da Covid-19, há inconsistências das políticas públicas de segurança brasileira, em busca do ideal ressocializador. Analisa-se, ainda, os meandros envoltos às privações que vêm sendo amarguradas pela população carcerária brasileia.