bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Species distribution modelling of benthic invertebrates in the south-eastern Baltic Sea
Authors: Šiaulys Andrius , Bučas Martynas
Published: December 2013

The distribution of benthic invertebrates is one of the key parameters for the marine spatial planning and management, however traditionally the data on benthic invertebrates are based on point sampling. Recently statistical methods of predictive modelling are used to create maps of species distribution, nevertheless, no comparative analysis of different modelling methods has been yet performed in the Baltic Sea region. In this study the occurrence and biomass distribution of 23 benthic species in the southeastern Baltic Sea were modelled. A comparison of the following predictive modelling methods was performed: random forests (RF), generalized additive models (GAM), multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) and maximum entropy (MaxEnt). In order to assess the consistency of the methods, 100 iterations with different train/test datasets were made for each of them. Random forests achieved the highest predictive performance for both species occurrence and biomass distribution models; also it was the most consistent for different iterations. Predictive performance of GAMs and MARS followed RF, whereas MaxEnt accurately predicted occurrence only for the species with a relatively low distribution range.
Geophysical study of palaeo-incisions in the Šventoji–Būtingė coastal area, north-west Lithuania
Authors: Gerok Dmitrij , Bitinas Albertas
Published: December 2013

Palaeo-incisions (palaeo-tunnels, tunnel valleys, buried valleys, etc.) comprise the most prominent features in the sub-Quaternary surface covered by the Scandinavian continental ice sheets. An exception is the Scandinavian crystalline bedrock region. Palaeo-incisions are objects of Quaternary geology both from scientific and practical point of view and have been previously mapped along the Lithuanian coastal area using gravimetric and transient electromagnetic methods, complemented by traditional drilling. This paper presents an approach for high-resolution identification of the palaeo-incisions in the Šventoji–Būtingė coastal area of north-western Lithuania. Several geophysical methods have been tested, including shallow seismic reflection profiling, electrical tomography and ground-penetrating radar. A combination of shallow seismic reflection and electrical tomography profiling provides an optimal survey strategy for high-resolution investigations of palaeo-incisions.
Acceptable Symptom State after Surgery for Femoroacetabular Impingement Compared with Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Impellizzeri Franco M. , Mannion Anne F. , Naal Florian D. , Leunig Michael
Published: December 2013

The aim of the study was to examine whether patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) are better able to accept a given level of pain and disability than patients undergoing surgery for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). Before surgery, 417 THA and 162 FAI patients completed the Oxford Hip Score (OHS). At 12-months follow-up (FU), they were requested to complete the OHS again, rate the global treatment outcome, and state whether their symptom state was acceptable. Pre-Operatively, THA had worse (p<0.001) OHS scores than FAI. At 12 months, 99% THA and 86% FAI patients reported various degrees of improvement. The proportions of patients perceiving notable improvement and considering their current state acceptable were higher (p<0.0001) in THA (95-99%) than FAI (66-70%) and THA had greater (p<0.0001) improvements in OHS scores than FAI. The mean OHS score of the patients perceiving notable improvements at follow-up did not differ (p>0.05) between THA and FAI groups. Higher “success rates” in THA than FAI are not due to a better acceptance of pain and disability, because the OHS of patients considering their current state to be acceptable was similar for both groups. The difference is simply the result of more THA than FAI patients actually achieving an acceptable status after surgery.
Early Results of the Bernese Periacetabular Osteotomy for Symptomatic Dysplasia in Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease
Authors: Stover Michael D. , Podeszwa David A. , De La Rocha Adriana , Sucato Daniel J.
Published: December 2013

Introduction

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMTD) is one of the most common inherited neurologic disorders and can be associated with hip dysplasia. Little is known regarding outcomes of the PAO for patients with CMTD. Our purpose is to document the early results and complications of the PAO for hip dysplasia associated with CMTD.

Methods

A two centre, retrospective clinical and radiographic review was performed. Demographic and surgical data were recorded. Pre- and postoperative lateral centre edge angle (LCEA), acetabular index (AI), ventral centre edge angle (VCEA), and Tönnis osteoarthritis grade were compared. Hips were classified according to Severin. The Harris Hip Score (HHS) and the Western Ontario and McMasters University (WOMAC) index documented self-reported function.

Results

Nineteen hips in 14 patients underwent PAO, mean age 16.2 (range 11.2–21 years). Thirteen concomitant procedures were performed, including seven proximal femoral osteotomies. Average follow-up was 3.4 years (range 0.9–8.5). Postoperative radiographic measurements significantly improved. Complications included femoral head AVN ( 1 ), transient complete bilateral peroneal nerve palsy ( 1 ), inferior rami fractures ( 4 ), and heterotopic ossification (Brooker stage 3) ( 1 ). The HHS significantly improved from a mean 49.6 pre-operatively to 82.2 at final follow-up of four patients. Seven subjects reported a mean postoperative WOMAC score of 94 (range 58.3–100).

Conclusions

Most patients presented with severe dysplasia in the second decade of life. The PAO successfully corrected the radiographic abnormalities. Complications were common. The majority of patients reported improved outcomes, although seven showed signs of radiographic progression of osteoarthritis.
Los valores y su proyección psicológica
Authors: González C Julia
Published: December 2013

En este artículo se hace una breve introducción filosófica al tema de los valores en forma previa a su enfoque psicológico. Se examina el papel que cumple los valores en la vida individual y en la sociedad. Su jerarquía, las formas cómo se accede a ellos y su relación en la salud mental y la psicoterapia.
Condenado a terapia
Authors: Morales F. Germán
Published: December 2013

El presente trabajo es una reflexión sobre los dilemas ético/sociales que surgen de la práctica terapéutica en el contexto de la ley de violencia intrafamiliar. Se describe la función terapéutica desde lo clínico, la función penal desde lo jurídico, y los derechos humanos desde los programas que trabajan con situaciones de violencia. Luego se problematiza los dilemas éticos que surgen de la fusión de la relación de ayuda y de castigo, y el rol ético/social delegado a los terapeutas.
Intervención en un Hospital Geriátrico
Authors: Foladori Abeledo Horacio , Hidalgo Molina Ricardo
Published: December 2013

El presente trabajo da cuenta de una intervención grupal que el equipo de especialistas realizó en un hospital geriátrico estatal. Se detalla el contrato y el encuadre de trabajo, el desarrollo de la experiencia grupal realizada por medio de dos grupos de trabajo sucesivos, así como las conclusiones diagnósticas y las propuestas formuladas. Se discuten algunos de los problemas de una intervención de esta naturaleza. La técnica utilizada se ubica en el modelo del grupo Balint, el que fue adaptado a las circunstancias del trabajo. De igual modo, figuran en el marco referencial del equipo de especialistas el grupo operativo de Pichón-Riviere, así como el análisis institucional francés. Se detallan algunas reflexiones.
Habilidades de autocontrol aplicadas a la seguridad en el trabajo
Authors: López-Mena Luis
Published: December 2013

En este trabajo se propone y se aplica un modelo de intervención dirigido a facilitar a los trabajadores  la incorporación de habilidades de autocontrol de su propia conducta para contribuir al desarrollo de comportamientos de autoprotección frente a los riesgos profesionales en su lugar de trabajo. El modelo consta de dos etapas y cuatro pasos a) identificación de la spropias conductas de riesgo; b) autoobservación de al menos una de estas conductas; c) intervención propiamente dicha mediante técnicas de análisis de conducta aplicado y d) formulación de metas.En una experiencia de tipo exploratorio efectuada en una fundición de concentrado de cobre, se encontró que los trabajadores eran capaces de cumplir con sus autocontratos hasta en un 81% en promedio. La experiencia fue valorada positivamente por los involucrados y su entrenamiento en habilidades de autocontrol fue utilizada además en ámbitos diferentes a la seguridad, tales como sobreendeudamiento y consumo excesivo de comidas y alcohol. Como elemento de validación externa los accidentes de trabajo disminuyeron, y la empresa mejoró notoriamente su posición relativa en el conjunto de empresas del rubro a nivel nacional. Por primera vez, alcanzó un registro de un milllón horas-hombre trabajadas sin accidentes.
El concepto de participación de los padres en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje: la perspectiva de agentes comprometidos
Authors: Navarro Saldaña Gracia , Vaccari Jiménez Pamela , Canales Opazo Tatiana
Published: December 2013

Para investigar el concepto de participación de los padres y/o apoderados en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de los hijos, se consultó la opinión a padres, profesores y autoridades educativas, utilizando metodologías cualitativas, con personas pertenecientes a escuelas urbanas y rurales de la Región del Bío Bío.Hay diferencias de conceptualización entre los directivos y otras personas de la muestra ya que los primeros analizan el tema desde una posición más teórica que los que viven realmente la relación entre escuela y familia. Otros resultados indicaron que la participación de los padres sería vista como una amenaza por los profesores y que, para los padres, ésta aún se restringe a aspectos como la colaboración instructiva desde su hogar.
Sobre la eutanasia
Authors: Vilches S. Liliana
Published: December 2013

En este artículo se analiza y discute en perspectiva psicológica, el controvertido tema de la eutanasia, sin dejar de considerar los variados factores que inciden en él. Se hacen algunas precisiones conceptuales y se consideran las diferentes tendencias contemporáneas en relación a la muerte. Después de enfocar algunos aspectos psicológicos presentes en las decisiones que se adoptan en materia de autanasia, se propone un papel profesional para el psicólogo que puede colaborar activamente en la tarea de asistencia en el morir. En las conclusiones, la investigadora se manifiesta más inclinada al desempeño de una labor que ponga el énfasis en una ortotanasia más que en la autanasia.El tema es parte de una línea de investigación, docencia y extensión, de la autora, en torno a la temática de la muerte como eje central.
Descripción de patrones de apego en menores institucionalizados con problemas conductuales
Authors: Méndez Tapia Lorena , González Bravo Luis
Published: December 2013

La presente investigación evalúa patrones de apego en niños institucionalizados con problemas conductuales, utilizando criterios DSM- IV y la escala RADQ de Randolph, a través de un diseño de investigación alternativo a la situación extraña de Ainsworth y al AAI. Habiendo obtenido puntajes aceptables de validez yconfiabilidad para el RADQ, se encontró que el 37, 9 % de los menores identificados con problemas conductuales cumplían los criterios DSM-IV para trastorno reactivo de la vinculación y un 20, 7 % de la muestra cumplían los criterios diagnósticos de AD. Así mismo, el patrón de apego con más prevalencia corresponde al tipo ansioso, con un 38.3%. Se revisan los alcances y limitaciones de estos hallazgos.
El cuestionario de dolor de McGill (McGill Pain Questionnaire -MPQ) : consideraciones lingüísticas y estadísticas
Authors: Boyle Gregory J. , Fernández Ephrem , Ortet Generós
Published: December 2013

El cuestionario del dolor de McGill (Melzack, 1975) es el instrumento de evaluación de dolor de mayor difusión. El MPQ consta de 20 subclases de descriptores verbales de dolor que miden las dimensiones (categorías) sensorial, afectiva y evaluativa. También se otorga una puntuación de intensidad para cada descriptor dentro de cada subclase. Seis de los 84 ítems permiten obtener un índice que mide la intensidad del dolor en su conjunto. No obstante, a pesar de su popularidad internacional (se ha traducido a lo menos a 15 idiomas diferentes, incluidos el castellano y el portugués), el MPQ presenta algunas limitaciones psicométricas importantes que afectan su validez.Por ejemplo, los sistemas de puntuación resultan complicados psicométricamente, lo que genera dudas sobre la fiabilidad de las puntuaciones de las subclases; varios descriptores verbales pertenecientes a la dimensión evaluativa, en realidad describen aspectos afectivos; y algunos descriptores son difíciles de comprender por muchos pacientes.También aparecen problemas por el número desigual de descriptores dentro de las subclases, el número distinto de subclases dentro de cada categoría, la variabilidad en los rangos y en las puntuaciones de intervalo de los descriptores, la ambigüedad de algunos descriptores y la poca correspondencia entre las traducciones. Asimismo, comparada con la dimensión sensorial, la proporción de varianza explicada por la dimensión afectiva es tan sólo del 50%, mientras que la dimensión evaluativa explica un mero 10%. La poca estabilidad de la estructura factorial del MPQ resulta también problemática y sólo tres categorías pueden llevar a la pérdida de información diagnóstica debido a la restricción de la varianza. De hecho, varios estudios han sugerido que se necesita una amplia reestructuración del MPQ. En este sentido, se ofrecen sugerencias basadas en trabajos empíricos con el MPQ en un intento de mejorar un instrumento de evaluación del dolor muy valioso y aceptado.
La Psicología Ambiental en el Siglo 21: El Desafío del Desarrollo Sustentable
Authors: Moser Gabriel
Published: December 2013

Con la llegada del Nuevo milenio, la psicología ambiental necesita tomar en cuentados variables que fueron, hasta hoy, consideradas de manera inadecuada: las diferencias interculturales y la dimensión temporal de las relaciones individuo - medio ambiente.El factor cultural no puede ser ignorado en las sociedades occidentales que soncrecientemente interculturales, y nuestra relación tanto con el ambiente construidocomo con el ambiente natural necesita ser analizado en términos de temporalidad.Este trabajo analiza el impacto de los factores culturales y de la perspectiva temporal en los cuatros niveles de análisis: el micro-ambiente, el ambiente próximo, el ambiente urbano y el ambiente global. Interesarse en esos cuatro niveles y sus interelaciones es particularmente importante ya que tenemos que cumplir con las exigencias del desarrollo sustentable con respecto al bienestar y la calidad de vida del individuo que son dependientes de necesidades culturalmente específicas.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomeromycota) associated with roots of plants
Authors: Kowalczyk Sławomir , Błaszkowski Janusz
Published: December 2013

The results of studies of the occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and arbuscular mycorrhizae of the phylum Glomeromycota associated with roots of 31 cultivated, uncultivated and protected plant species growing at 103 sites of the Lubuskie province NW Poland are presented and discussed. The AMF most frequently found were members of the genus Glomus. Other relatively frequently revealed fungi were Scutellospora spp. Spore populations of AMF generally were more abundant and diverse in cultivated soils. Most protected plant species harboured AMF.
Preliminary studies of fungi in the Biebrza National Park (NE Poland). I. Micromycetes
Authors: Ruszkiewicz-Michalska Małgorzata , Tkaczuk Cezary , Dynowska Maria , Sucharzewska Ewa , Szkodzik Jarosław , Wrzosek Marta
Published: December 2013

This paper presents the results of the first short-term inventory of fungi species occurring in the Biebrza National Park, one of the biggest and best preserved protected areas of Poland. The paper is focused on a survey of microfungi. Fungi were collected in early autumn 2012, within the framework of a scientific project by the Polish Mycological Society. The results are published in two parts containing micro- and macromycetes, respectively. An annotated list of 188 identified taxa covers true fungi including 33 zygomycetes, 130 ascomycetes (including anamorphs) and 22 basidiomycetes, as well as two chromistan and one protozoan fungal analogues. The identified fungi taxa, inhabiting diverse ecological niches, represent a wide range of trophic groups including saprotrophs, biotrofic and necrotrophic parasites of plants, pathogens of arthropods, fungicolous fungi and species isolated from soil and organic matter. From 188 annotated taxa, 89% (167 species) have not been recorded in the Biebrza National Park until now and four species are newly reported for Poland (Alternaria nobilis, Clonostachys solani, Mariannaea elegans, Metasphaeria cumana). Data on the species richness and taxonomic diversity of the identified fungi are briefly commented in terms of micromycetes role in managing nature conservation.
Le « devoir de mémoire » comme formule-tierce
Authors: Ledoux Sébastien
Published: December 2013

Cet article montre comment l’expression « devoir de mémoire », devenue formule consacrée au début des années 1990 en France pour se référer au génocide juif, fait dès lors fonction de formule-tierce. Comme intermédiaire sémantique incarnant une conscience morale chargée d’une dette envers les morts (« tiers disparus »), « devoir de mémoire » soutient la publicisation de paroles de témoins dans des dispositifs médiatiques compassionnels.
« Trade-Routes of the Mind »
Authors: Barck Karlheinz
Published: December 2013

La conférence transcrite sous ce titre constitue un « contrepoint » au document inédit d'Harold Innis « The Coming of Paper », paru dans Intermédialités no 17. Karlheinz Barck y revient sur l'importance décisive d'Innis dans la formation de ce qui deviendrait à partir des années 1950, autour de Marshall McLuhan, d’Edmund Carpenter et d’Eric Havelock, « L’École de communication de Toronto ». Il se propose également de cerner l'orientation spécifique qu'Innis donna aux études d'histoire culturelle et médiatiques, ainsi que sa conception d'une autre mondialisation.
Ceux qui regardent font le paysage
Authors: Joliet Fabienne
Published: December 2013

Le tourisme fabrique des vitrines attractives. Celle du Nunavik est constituée d’un chapelet de villages et de vastes parcs nationaux en cours de création, avec des archétypes paysagers brandis par les guides touristiques et les portails Internet. À travers l’exemple du projet du parc national Tursujuq, sur la côte est de la baie d’Hudson, nous montrerons l’envers du décor du point de vue des habitants autochtones riverains. Terrains, concours photographique et atelier de dessin pour enfants dans la communauté d’Umiujaq attestent en effet de représentations paysagères autres. Cette approche participante pourrait s’avérer un outil aux projets de parcs ou autres aménagements de ces territoires en pleine mutation, tout autant qu’elle a accru la sensibilisation des habitants à l’environnement par la beauté de leurs paysages.
Cogestion adaptative des parcs du Nunavik dans un contexte de changements climatiques
Authors: Gendreau Yanick , Gagnon Catherine A. , Berteaux Dominique , Pelletier Fanie
Published: December 2013

Les changements climatiques auront des répercussions sur les systèmes socioécologiques au sein desquels les Inuits évoluent. Les parcs sont identifiés comme un des outils pour faciliter l’adaptation des populations locales aux changements climatiques en permettant, entre autres, de maintenir des biens et services environnementaux. Pour que les parcs puissent assurer ce rôle au Nunavik, nous proposons ici un modèle de cogestion adaptative, favorisant l’implication des populations locales. Ainsi, le modèle présenté est innovateur, car il tient compte de la problématique de gestion des parcs dans le contexte des changements climatiques, mais aussi de la flexibilité nécessaire à une implication accrue des Inuits au niveau de la gestion des parcs.
La cogestion des parcs du nord du Québec en contexte d’incertitude
Authors: Milot Nicolas , Larivière Virginie
Published: December 2013

La conservation des espaces naturels dans le nord du Québec implique inévitablement la mise en place d’une approche impliquant le gouvernement du Québec et les Premières Nations, pour lesquelles la conservation signifie une nouvelle utilisation de leur territoire. Pour ce faire, des approches de cogestion répartissant les rôles et responsabilités parmi les partenaires sont de plus en plus favorisées. En se basant sur une expérience riche du contexte nord québécois et par l’utilisation d’une approche analytique institutionnelle, nous proposons ici une lecture des principales caractéristiques du contexte de cogestion propre à la conservation de la nature dans le nord du Québec et, par le fait même, des défis majeurs que devront relever le gouvernement et les peuples autochtones en vue d’une utilisation durable d’un territoire de plus en plus sous pression.
Le contrôle à distance
Authors: Hallé Julie , Passavant Eric
Published: December 2013

Les contraintes liées à la concurrence et aux fluctuations du tourisme international ont conduit les agences françaises de tourisme d’aventure à modifier leurs conditions de production. Aujourd’hui, elles sous-traitent à des agences locales une grande partie de la fabrication et de l’accompagnement des voyages qu’elles vendent. L’objectif de l’article est d’interroger les enjeux de cette évolution et d’identifier les stratégies mises en oeuvre par les agences pour maintenir la valeur distinctive de leurs voyages et répondre aux attentes de la clientèle française. Ce texte repose sur une enquête de terrain réalisée auprès des responsables d’agences françaises mais aussi de leurs correspondants locaux. Plusieurs séjours au Kirghizstan entre 2003 et 2006 nous ont permis d’étudier le fonctionnement de 28 agences locales et de connaître les trajectoires de leurs fondateurs. Il apparaît ainsi qu’une relation de confiance se nouera d’autant plus facilement entre une agence française et son correspondant étranger que celui-ci est un expatrié, qui s’est imposé localement en développant un réseau local, notamment à partir de stratégies matrimoniales.
Michel Foucault e a antropologia: Les mots et les choses e o elogio à etnologia
Authors: De Cristo Miranda Heraldo
Published: December 2013

A obra de Michel Foucault há tempos vem construindo uma complexa relação com as ciências humanas, particularmente a antropologia. O fato de Foucault ser utilizado hoje na antropologia se dá pela natural decorrência de esse autor oferecer alguns nexos às práticas do conhecimento antropológico. O objetivo deste artigo é atribuir atenção à relação entre a filosofia de Foucault e a demarche antropológica, em especial o empreendimento da obra Les mots et les choses e a maneira pela qual o debate antropológico é conduzido. Um dos pontos cruciais dessa relação é o elogio realizado à etnologia por conta de seu papel de contraciência no âmbito da ordem de um saber sobre o homem.
Frege sobre “decisiones” (Entschlüsse): intencionalidad y motivación en Frege y Husserl
Authors: González Porta Mario
Published: December 2013

Existe en Frege no solo una concepción intencional de la conciencia, sino también uma concepción motivacional de su causalidad, esto es, Frege concibe la idea de una causalidade específica, diferente de la científico-natural, y que tiene como presupuesto la existência de estados intencionales. En tal sentido, existe un interesante punto de contacto entre Frege y Husserl.
Michel Foucault, pensador de la soberanía: notas por una genealogía de la vida ética
Authors: Karmy Bolton Rodrigo
Published: December 2013

El presente ensayo se propone dilucidar el modo en que el problema de la soberania tiene lugar en el pensamiento de Michel Foucault. Su tesis es que la soberanía aparece de tres formas a lo largo de su obra: en primer lugar, bajo la rúbrica de la “soberanía jurídica” propia del “modelo del Leviatán”, en segundo lugar, en la forma de una “soberania política” que se despliega en la época de la gubernamentalidad neoliberal y, en tercer lugar, la “vida soberana” que constituye un lugar para articular una genealogía de la vida ética en Occidente. Esta última forma de situar la soberanía representa un intento, por parte de Foucault, de pensar en una noción de la Ilustración (Aufklarung) en la forma de una “actitud” más allá de cualquier época histórica.
Direito dos governados e estado de exceção
Authors: Gadelha Sylvio
Published: December 2013

O artigo problematiza elementos implicados ao que seria um “direito dos governados” e ao problema do Estado de exceção. A biopolítica comparece como estreitamente relacionada tanto ao primeiro quanto ao segundo desses fatores. A motivação de fundo do artigo não é a oposição entre Estado de exceção e os direitos humanos. Trata-se de como pensar um direito à resistência da parte daqueles que, na condição de governados, veem transpostos seus limiares de tolerância ao que se lhes apresenta como algo da ordem do intolerável. De um lado, este remete à omissão e/ou negligência, pelo poder soberano, em garantir atenção e/ou proteção às necessidades vitais de certos grupos ou coletividades que se encontrariam, temporária ou permanentemente, em situaçãode risco, vulnerabilidade e/ou exclusão. De outro, remete, primeiro, às diversas modalidades de controle e governocom as quais o poder soberano e as corporações empresariais regulamentam, comercializam e modulam os modos de vida das populações e a conduta dos indivíduos que a elas pertencem; segundo, à magnitude com que se realizam esse controle e governo dos vivos. A estratégia analítica adotada faz um movimento pendular que vai de Foucault-Deleuze a Agamben-Schmitt, e vice-versa. Obviamente, leva-se em conta que esses dois polos não podem ser tomados como equivalentes entre si nem tampouco como homogêneos, tanto um em face do outro, quanto ambos em face do direito. Em todo caso, considera-se produtiva a estratégia de conduzir a investigação recorrendo-se, de um lado, a Agamben e a Schmitt, para abordar o tema do Estado de exceção, e, de outro, a afinidades existentes entre Foucault e Deleuze, para tratar do tema do direito dos governados.
Biopolítica e direitos humanos: uma relação revisitada guiada pelo cortejo da ajuda humanitária
Authors: Arruda Nascimento Daniel
Published: December 2013

Com o escopo de revisitar a relação entre biopolítica e direitos humanos, as linhas que se seguem se dedicam ao diálogo que Giorgio Agamben estabelece com Hannah Arendt. The origens of totalitarianism e The human condition, publicados respectivamente em 1951 e 1958, e Homo sacer: il potere sovrano e la nuda vita e Mezzi senza fine: note sulla politica, publicados em 1995 e 1996, serão as referências mais proeminentes. O diálogo será, todavia, orientado pelo cortejo da ajuda humanitária. Devemos levar a sério as hipóteses do filósofo italiano a esse respeito. Por um lado, o humanitário surge no nosso século purificado de todo comprometimento político, contribuindo para consolidar a compreensão da vida como mera vida, vida biológica, simples fato de ser vivente. Por outro lado, aferrando-se contraditoriamente na visão da “vida nua” como aquela desprovida de direitos, podemos observar que a ajuda humanitária substitui o reconhecimento, a atribuição e a garantia de direitos. A distribuição de cestas básicas e remédios adia sempre mais o gesto de reconhecimento da igualdade, a justa atribuição de direitos e a garantia de oportunidades para o exercício de direitos, levando-nos ao ponto de não mais evitar as suspeitas deque uma secreta solidariedade,celebrada entre os organismos internacionais de ajuda humanitária e as forças que deveriam combater, embala os sonhos contemporâneos.
Política, Revolução e insurreição em Michel Foucault
Authors: Candiotto Cesar
Published: December 2013

O artigo mostra como Michel Foucault se afasta da referência à Revolução para pensar a política moderna, principalmente desde que aquela passou a ser interpretada pelos parâmetros estalinistas do Partido Comunista. Em contrapartida, ele indica que o ponto de partida da política é constituído pelas resistências à governamentalidade observáveis na atitude crítica, nas contracondutas e nas insurreições. Esses operadores conceituais procuram ressaltar não as teorias e os sistemas propositivos de uma política justa, e sim a perspectiva dos próprios governados quando buscam desprender-se das obediênciasconsentidas, bem como do silenciamento diante de ações governamentais intoleráveis. Nesse sentido, a política tem como nova referência os processos de subjetivação a partir dos quais buscamos nos tornar completamente outros em um mundo inteiramente outro. A essas experiências políticas de dessubjetivação e transformação de nós mesmos, detectáveis principalmente nos movimentos de contracondutas, Foucault deduz uma espiritualidade política, irredutível às avaliações das lutas em termos de êxito ou fracasso.
Low wave speed zones in the crust beneath SE Tibet revealed by ambient noise adjoint tomography
Authors: Chen Min , Huang Hui , Yao Huajian , van der Hilst Rob , Niu Fenglin
Published: December 2013

We present a refined 3D crustal model beneath SE Tibet from ambient noise adjoint tomography. Different from ray‐theory‐based tomography, adjoint tomography in this study incorporates a spectral‐element method (SEM) and takes empirical Green's functions (EGFs) of Rayleigh waves from ambient noise interferometry as the direct observation. The frequency‐dependent traveltime misfits between SEM synthetic Green's functions and EGFs are minimized with a preconditioned conjugate gradient method, meanwhile the 3D model gets improved iteratively utilizing 3D finite‐frequency kernels. The new model shows 3 – 6% shear wave speed increasing beneath the western Sichuan Basin (SCB) (depth > 15 km) and the central Chuan‐Dian Block (CDB), and 6 – 12% shear wave speed reduction in the mid‐lower crust beneath the northern and the southern CDB. The inferred spatial pattern of low wave speed zones, consistent with possible partial melt, suggests more complex and disconnected geometry than the pervasive narrow zone from the channel flow models.
Thermal alteration: A possible reason for the inconsistency between OMEGA/CRISM and TES detections of phyllosilicates on Mars?
Authors: Che Congcong , Glotch Timothy D.
Published: December 2013

Previous laboratory analyses have shown that high temperatures can modify the crystal structures of some phyllosilicates in such a way that their spectroscopic signatures appear different from various wavelength perspectives. This may be the case in the Nili Fossae region of Mars, where our analyses indicate that thermally altered (~400°C) Fe‐rich smectites might be possible mineral analogs to the phyllosilicate‐bearing units in addition to mineral assemblages formed by Fe/Mg smectite and amorphous weathering products. We suggest that thermal alteration of phyllosilicates induced by impact shock or other heat sources might be a widespread process throughout Martian history. The mixing of altered and unaltered phyllosilicates might be partially responsible for the apparent disconnect between VNIR and TIR observations of Fe/Mg smectite‐bearing surfaces on Mars.
Freshwater and heat transports from global ocean synthesis
Authors: Valdivieso M. , Haines K. , Zuo H. , Lea D.
Published: December 2013

An eddy‐permitting ¼° global ocean reanalysis based on the Operational Met Office FOAM data assimilation system has been run for 1989–2010 forced by ERA‐Interim meteorology. Freshwater and heat transports are compared with published estimates globally and in each basin, with special focus on the Atlantic. The meridional transports agree with observations within errors at most locations, but where eddies are active the transports by the mean flow are nearly always in better agreement than the total transports. Eddy transports are down gradient and are enhanced relative to a free run. They may oppose or reinforce mean transports and provide 40–50% of the total transport near midlatitude fronts, where eddies with time scales <1 month provide up to 15%. Basin‐scale freshwater convergences are calculated with the Arctic/Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans north of 32°S, all implying net evaporation of 0.33 ± 0.04 Sv, 0.65 ± 0.07 Sv, and 0.09 ± 0.04 Sv, respectively, within the uncertainty of observations in the Atlantic and Pacific. The Indian is more evaporative and the Southern Ocean has more precipitation (1.07 Sv). Air‐sea fluxes are modified by assimilation influencing turbulent heat fluxes and evaporation. Generally, surface and assimilation fluxes together match the meridional transports, indicating that the reanalysis is close to a steady state. Atlantic overturning and gyre transports are assessed with overturning freshwater transports southward at all latitudes. At 26°N eddy transports are negligible, overturning transport is 0.67 ± 0.19 Sv southward and gyre transport is 0.44 ± 0.17 Sv northward, with divergence between 26°N and the Bering Strait of 0.13 ± 0.23 Sv over 2004–2010.
Modulation of decadal oscillation on surface chlorophyll in the Kuroshio Extension
Authors: Lin Pengfei , Chai Fei , Xue Huijie , Xiu Peng
Published: December 2013

In the study, the responses of chlorophyll to decadal oscillations of Kuroshio Extension (KE) between two dynamical states are investigated using satellite data. Associated with the KE stable and unstable states, the surface chlorophyll south of 35°N also undergoes two different contrast patterns: low (high) chlorophyll (∼12% relative to multiyear mean) corresponding to strengthened (weakened) KE jet, i.e., stable (unstable) KE. Two distinct seesaw patterns exist on the north and south side of 35°N for both chlorophyll and sea level anomaly and on the east and west side of 153°E for both chlorophyll and eddy kinetic energy. Similarly, the magnitude of spring bloom was also modulated by decadal variations of KE. The spring bloom was suppressed (enhanced) relative to the magnitude of climatological spring bloom south of 35°N during the KE stable (unstable) period. This change is significant and can reach 35% in extreme years of 2006 and 2009. The decadal variation of chlorophyll in the KE is likely modulated by vertical nutrient supply induced by divergences (convergences) associated with the westward propagation of wind‐induced Rossby waves in the central and eastern North Pacific Ocean, which are dynamically modulated by the North Pacific Gyre Oscillations (NPGO) or PDO (Pacific Decadal Oscillations).
Background variations of atmospheric CO2 and carbon‐stable isotopes at Waliguan and Shangdianzi stations in China
Authors: Liu LiXin , Zhou LingXi , Vaughn Bruce , Miller John B. , Brand Willi A. , Rothe Michael , Xia LingJun
Published: December 2013

Using observational data from 2007 to 2010 at the Waliguan and Shangdianzi stations in China, atmospheric CO2, its δ13C composition, and their potential relationship with sources and sinks are studied. Results suggest that at Waliguan (WLG) station, both CO2 and δ13C possess long‐term trends and seasonal cycles that correlate well with each other. CO2 and δ13C interannual variations indicate terrestrial ecosystem source‐sink seasonal features in the midlatitude to high‐latitude Northern Hemisphere. CO2 annual means vary from 384.0 ppm to 390.2 ppm and increase in an approximately linear manner with a mean annual growth rate of 2.1 ± 0.1 ppm. The δ13C annual means vary from −8.30‰ to −8.35‰ and decrease almost linearly with a mean annual rate of −0.02‰ ± 0.001‰. Under the given conditions of terrestrial biosphere and anthropogenic activities at Shangdianzi (SDZ) station, the CO2 annual means vary from 385.1 ppm to 390.6 ppm and approximately increase linearly with a mean annual growth rate of 1.8 ± 0.1 ppm. The peak‐to‐peak annual seasonal amplitude is 23.0 ppm. The δ13C annual means vary from −8.27‰ to −8.36‰ between 2009 and 2010. Mean values of −25.44‰ ± 0.72‰ and −21.70‰ ± 0.67‰ for the respective sources are obtained at WLG and SDZ. The estimated δs values are more negative in winter and spring than in summer and autumn at WLG. While because substantial C4 photosynthesis taking place in summer and biomass burning strongly contribute in winter, the estimated δs values at SDZ are unusually heavier throughout the year and more positive than those at WLG.
Impact of natural aerosols on atmospheric radiation and consequent feedbacks with the meteorological and photochemical state of the atmosphere
Authors: Kushta J. , Kallos G. , Astitha M. , Solomos S. , Spyrou C. , Mitsakou C. , Lelieveld J.
Published: December 2013

This paper addresses the aerosol effects on radiation and the feedback on meteorology and photochemical activity, applying the online model RAMS/ICLAMS. The model treats meteorology and chemical pollutants on an interactive way. Cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), giant cloud condensation nuclei, and ice nuclei are treated as predictive quantities. The calculation of the aerosol optical properties accounts for size‐resolved mineral dust and size‐ and humidity‐dependent optical properties of sea salt. The simulations with and without aerosol impacts reveal the complex direct and indirect mechanisms through which the alteration of radiation fluxes influences meteorology and photochemical processes. For the specific dust event, the reduction in the surface shortwave radiation over cloudless regions affected by dust averages at ~ −75 W m−2 at 12:00 UTC per unit dust loading (1 g m−2). The increase on downwelling longwave radiation over the same areas and time averages at ~ 40 W m−2 per unit dust loading (1 g m−2). Surface upwelling longwave radiation over Mediterranean exhibits a complex daytime behavior. During midnight, the inclusion of dust leads to larger upwelling longwave radiation fluxes over the African continent. The net downward longwave radiation over cloudless areas exhibits an increase both during noon and midnight with the inclusion of dust. The results show that the vertical structure of the dust layer governs the magnitude of the feedback on radiation. The activation of natural particles as CCN causes small changes in radiation fluxes and temperature. Precipitation is influenced more by the indirect rather than the direct and semidirect effects.
Abundances and implications of volatile‐bearing species from evolved gas analysis of the Rocknest aeolian deposit, Gale Crater, Mars
Authors: Archer Paul Douglas , Franz Heather B. , Sutter Brad , Arevalo Ricardo D. , Coll Patrice , Eigenbrode Jennifer L. , Glavin Daniel P. , Jones John J. , Leshin Laurie A. , Mahaffy Paul R. , McAdam Amy C. , McKay Christopher P. , Ming Douglas W. , Morris Richard V. , Navarro‐González Rafael , Niles Paul B. , Pavlov Alex , Squyres Steven W. , Stern Jennifer C. , Steele Andrew , Wray James J.
Published: December 2013

The Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument on the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) rover Curiosity detected evolved gases during thermal analysis of soil samples from the Rocknest aeolian deposit in Gale Crater. Major species detected (in order of decreasing molar abundance) were H2O, SO2, CO2, and O2, all at the µmol level, with HCl, H2S, NH3, NO, and HCN present at the tens to hundreds of nmol level. We compute weight % numbers for the major gases evolved by assuming a likely source and calculate abundances between 0.5 and 3 wt.%. The evolution of these gases implies the presence of both oxidized (perchlorates) and reduced (sulfides or H‐bearing) species as well as minerals formed under alkaline (carbonates) and possibly acidic (sulfates) conditions. Possible source phases in the Rocknest material are hydrated amorphous material, minor clay minerals, and hydrated perchlorate salts (all potential H2O sources), carbonates (CO2), perchlorates (O2 and HCl), and potential N‐bearing materials (e.g., Martian nitrates, terrestrial or Martian nitrogenated organics, ammonium salts) that evolve NH3, NO, and/or HCN. We conclude that Rocknest materials are a physical mixture in chemical disequilibrium, consistent with aeolian mixing, and that although weathering is not extensive, it may be ongoing even under current Martian surface conditions.
Impact of Turkish ground‐based GPS‐PW data assimilation on regional forecast: 8–9 March 2011 heavy snow case
Authors: Tilev‐Tanriover Seyda , Kahraman Abdullah
Published: December 2013

A ground‐based Global Positioning System (GPS) network which consists of 147 uniformly distributed stations has been implemented in Turkey in May 2009. Precipitable water (PW) data estimated using this network is available since October 2010. Three experiments for a specific heavy snow case have been conducted to assess the impact of assimilation of this new data on short range weather forecasts. Verifications with surface observations indicate some reduction in the biases of basic variables for whole domain, and improvement in precipitation forecasts. Upper air variables of all simulations are compared with radiosonde observations, and some improvement in dew point temperatures through troposphere is observed with cycling mode assimilation.
Prognostic significance of neuroepithelial transforming gene 1 in adenocarcinoma of the oesophagogastric junction
Authors: Lahiff C , Schilling C , Cathcart M-C , Mulligan N , Doran P , Muldoon C , Murray D , Pidgeon G P , Reynolds J V , MacMathuna P
Published: December 2013

Background

Neuroepithelial transforming gene 1 (NET1) mediates tumour invasion and metastasis in a number of cancers, including gastric adenocarcinoma. It is an indicator of poor prognosis in breast cancer and glioma. This study examined NET1 expression and its prognostic significance in patients with adenocarcinoma of the oesophagogastric junction (AOG).

Methods

NET1 expression was measured by immunohistochemistry in a tissue microarray, constructed from biobanked tissue collected over a 10-year interval, and linked to a prospectively maintained clinical database.

Results

Using the Siewert classification for AOG, type I tumours expressed significantly higher levels of NET1, with lowest expression in type III and intermediate levels in type II (P = 0·001). In patients with AOG type III, NET1-positive patients were more likely to be female (P = 0·043), have advanced stage cancer (P = 0.035), had a higher number of transmural cancers (P = 0·006) and had a significantly higher median number of positive lymph nodes (P = 0·029). In this subgroup, NET1-positive patients had worse median overall (15 versus 23 months; P = 0·025) and disease-free (11 versus 36 per cent; P = 0·025) survival compared with NET1-negative patients.

Conclusion

Although existing data show differences in clinical and prognostic indices across AOG subtypes, there are no studies showing differences in tumour biology. These data suggest NET1, a known mediator of an aggressive tumour phenotype in a number of gastrointestinal cancers, is expressed differentially across AOG subtypes and may be of prognostic significance in the clinical management of this condition.
Type II endoleak after endovascular aneurysm repair (Br J Surg 2013; 100: 1262–1270
Authors: Bastos Gonçalves F , Oliveira N F , Verhagen H J M
Published: December 2013

The Editors welcome topical correspondence from readers relating to articles published in the Journal. Responses should be sent electronically via the BJS website (www.bjs.co.uk). All letters will be reviewed and, if approved, appear on the website. A selection of these will be edited and published in the Journal. Letters must be no more than 250 words in length.
Protein analysis using real‐time PCR instrumentation: Incorporation in an integrated, inquiry‐based project
Authors: Southard Jonathan N.
Published: December 2013

Instrumentation for real‐time PCR is used primarily for amplification and quantitation of nucleic acids. The capability to measure fluorescence while controlling temperature in multiple samples can also be applied to the analysis of proteins. Conformational stability and changes in stability due to ligand binding are easily assessed. Protein structure studies possible with a real‐time PCR instrument address core topics in biochemistry and have valuable high‐throughput applications in the fields of drug discovery and protein engineering. Protein analysis using real‐time PCR instrumentation has been incorporated in an undergraduate laboratory project based on previously described projects. Students express, purify, and characterize a protein. Based on literature research and analysis using bioinformatics tools, they select a specific mutation to investigate. They then attempt to express, purify, and characterize their mutated protein. Thermal denaturation using a real‐time PCR instrument is the primary tool used to compare the wild‐type and mutated proteins. Alternative means for incorporation of protein analysis by real‐time PCR instrumentation into laboratory experiences and additional modes of analysis are also described. © 2013 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 42(2):142–151, 2014
Teaching students to read the primary literature using pogil activities
Authors: Murray Tracey Arnold
Published: December 2013

The ability to read, interpret, and evaluate articles in the primary literature are important skills that science majors will use in graduate school and professional life. Because of this, it is important that students are not only exposed to the primary literature in undergraduate education, but also taught how to read and interpret these articles. To achieve this objective, POGIL activities were designed to use the primary literature in a majors biochemistry sequence. Data show that students were able to learn content from the literature without separate activities or lecture. Students also reported an increase in comfort and confidence in approaching the literature as a result of the activities. © 2013 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 42(2):165–173, 2014.
Efficient export of prefolded, disulfide‐bonded recombinant proteins to the periplasm by the Tat pathway in Escherichia coli CyDisCo strains
Authors: Matos Cristina F. R. O. , Robinson Colin , Alanen Heli I. , Prus Piotr , Uchida Yuko , Ruddock Lloyd W. , Freedman Robert B. , Keshavarz‐Moore Eli
Published: December 2013

Numerous high‐value therapeutic proteins are produced in Escherichia coli and exported to the periplasm, as this approach simplifies downstream processing and enables disulfide bond formation. Most recombinant proteins are exported by the Sec pathway, which transports substrates across the plasma membrane in an unfolded state. The Tat system also exports proteins to the periplasm, but transports them in a folded state. This system has attracted interest because of its tendency to transport correctly folded proteins, but this trait renders it unable to export proteins containing disulfide bonds since these are normally acquired only in the periplasm; reduced substrates tend to be recognized as incorrectly folded and rejected. In this study we have used a series of novel strains (termed CyDisCo) which oxidise disulfide bonds in the cytoplasm, and we show that these cells efficiently export a range of disulfide‐containing proteins when a Tat signal peptide is attached. These test proteins include alkaline phosphatase (PhoA), a phytase containing four disulfide bonds (AppA), an antiinterleukin 1β scFv and human growth hormone. No export of PhoA or AppA is observed in wild‐type cells lacking the CyDisCo factors. The PhoA, AppA and scFv proteins were exported in an active form by Tat in the CyDisCo strain, and mass spectrometry showed that the vast majority of the scFv protein was disulfide‐bonded and correctly processed. The evidence indicates that this combination of Tat + CyDisCo offers a novel means of exporting active, correctly folded disulfide bonded proteins to the periplasm. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 30:281–290, 2014