bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Computation of inclined magnetic field, thermophoresis and Brownian motion effects on mixed convective electroconductive nanofluid flow in a rectangular porous enclosure with adiabatic walls and hot slits
Authors: Sumithra A. , Sivaraj R. , Prasad V. Ramachandra , Bég O. Anwar , Leung Ho-Hon , Kamalov Firuz , Kuharat S. , Kumar B. Rushi
Published: November 2023

This analysis theoretically investigates the transport phenomena of mixed convection flows in an enclosure of rectangular geometry saturated with a permeable medium filled with an electrically conducting nanofluid. An inclined magnetic field is taken into consideration. Buongiorno’s model is utilized to characterize the nanoliquid. The enclosure has adiabatic walls and hot slits. A uniform cold temperature is maintained at the enclosure’s lower and upper walls. The enclosure’s vertical walls are thermally insulated with hot slits at the center of the walls. This kind of analysis on mixed convective, electrically conducting nanofluid flows in enclosures finds applications in smart nanomaterial processing systems and hybrid electromagnetic nanoliquid fuel cells. The Marker-And-Cell (MAC) method is utilized to solve the transformed nondimension system of governing equations subject to the fitted boundary conditions. The effects of key physical parameters on streamlines, isotherms, iso-concentration contour plots and the heat transmission rate are examined. The simulations demonstrate that the Richardson number has a predominant impact on the thermo-solutal features of nanofluid flow in the rectangular enclosure. Variations in magnetic field and buoyancy ratio parameters exert a notable influence on the iso-concentrations and isotherms. An increase in the Darcy number values exhibits a tendency to magnify the local heat transfer rate. Higher Grashof number values reduce the local Nusselt number profiles. The effect of porous parameter is significant in the streamlines, isotherms and iso-concentrations. Thus, the porous medium can significantly control the transport phenomena in the enclosure. The concentration, temperature and velocity contours are strongly modified by the variations in the Grashof number.
Numerical analysis of airfoils used in an omni-directional-guide vane structure of vertical axis wind turbine for high-rise buildings
Authors: Habibullah  , Khan Muhammad Arslan , Atif Muhammad , Ahmad Sohail , Awwad Fuad A. , Ismail Emad A. A.
Published: November 2023

This document introduces a novel concept involving an Omni-Directional Guided Vane (ODGV) encompassing a vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) with the goal of improving its overall performance. Extensive three-dimensional computational analysis of the airfoils used in this novel ODGV structure is conducted to investigate the impact of various geometric parameters. Diverse geometric configurations of the ODGV are explored to analyze wind flow behavior across the turbine utilizing a well-validated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. The numerical investigations employ the Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) modeling approach with the k-epsilon turbulence model. The steady state governing equations are solved using the validated CFD solver STAR CCM+. The study considers three distinct inlet velocities: 3, 6, and 9[Formula: see text]m/s, with the aim of improving flow behavior and velocity through the ODGV. Four different modifications of the ODGV are examined, and the accuracy of the CFD model is affirmed through comparison with NACA airfoil data. Integration of the ODGV results in an enhanced self-starting behavior of the VAWT, leading to a reduction in the cut-in speed. Validation results demonstrate a strong agreement with the data obtained from CFD simulations. These results suggest that most shape ratios, except for 0.3 and 0.4 at Tip Speed Ratio (TSR) of 1.3 and 3, contribute to enhancing power and torque coefficients. Furthermore, the findings indicate that with a Sharpe ratio of 0.56, both torque and power coefficients could be improved by up to 48% and 58%, respectively.
Anti-resonance fiber propagating 86 orbital angular momentum modes with high purity for a long distance
Authors: Liu Yutong , Liu Wei , Lv Jingwei , Wang Jianxin , Yang Lin , Liu Qiang , Chu Paul K. , Liu Chao
Published: November 2023

Future advances in information transmission technology require better capacities for fiber optics communication. As a new degree of freedom, the orbital angular momentum (OAM) has attracted extensive attention in the field of mode division multiplexing. Herein, an anti-resonance fiber (ARF) is designed with three different materials, SF11, LaSF09, and SiO2, for the negative curvature tube. Systematic analysis and optimization are carried out to determine the number of layers of the negative curvature tubes in the cladding, the number of second-layer cladding tubes, and thickness of the annular area. The finite element analysis software COMSOL is utilized to calculate the effective refractive index difference, dispersion, limiting loss, and other characteristics. The ARF can stably transmit 86 OAM modes in the wavelength range between 1.2 and 2.0[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m, and the minimum refractive index difference is greater than [Formula: see text], which effectively reduces the mode abridgment. The nonlinear coefficients of the HE[Formula: see text] mode and the OAM purity of HE[Formula: see text] mode are 0.34[Formula: see text]km[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]⋅[Formula: see text]W[Formula: see text] and 99.43%, respectively, thus facilitating stable transmission of OAM modes for a long transmission distance. The anti-resonance fiber has significant application potential in long-distance network information transmission, relay communication, and other communication areas.
Experimental investigation with FE analysis on flexural strength of hexagonal-shaped honeycomb sandwich panel
Authors: Ferdous Fatema , Hossain Md. Foisal , Sohel Rana Muhammed , Ferdous Md. Shafiul
Published: November 2023

In this study, a three-point bending test was carried out to determine the mechanical properties of hexagonal-shaped honeycomb core sandwich panels made of jute yarn with two distinct fiber orientations. A custom-made handloom was used to weave the unidirectional jute mat, and hand-layup with the cold press process was applied to fabricate the hexagonal honeycomb sandwich panel. To explore the effectiveness of different natural fibers for producing honeycomb core sandwich panels, a Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis was performed on different natural fibers with different fiber orientations. The resistance to environmental deterioration of bending properties was also investigated. Overall, this work offers perceptive information about the mechanical characteristics of sandwich panels made of jute honeycomb core and their behavior under various climatic circumstances, which may be relevant in a variety of engineering applications. Finally, it is noteworthy that the mechanical properties of jute fibers are anisotropic, which implies that their strength varies with the direction of loading. Sandwich panels with horizontal fiber orientation of hexagonal honeycomb core withstand a 36% higher bending strength than those with vertical fiber orientation.
Supercontinuum generation in all-normal dispersion regime of C7H8-core photonic crystal fibers with different lattices
Authors: Van Lanh Chu , Tran Bao Tran Le , Thi Thuy Nguyen , Van Trong Dang
Published: November 2023

We present a new design of three photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) made of fused silica glass, infiltrated with toluene (C7H8) with different lattices in cladding including circular lattice (CL), hexagonal lattice (HL) and square lattice (SL). The optimal structures that operate in the all-normal dispersion regime, were selected by investigating the dependence of the lattice parameters in the first ring surrounding the core on the PCF characteristics. In addition, we punctuate the possibility of coherent octave-wide supercontinuum (SC) generation in the wavelength range of 0.75–1.68[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m, 0.76–1.91[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m (1.3[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m pump wavelength), and 0.65–1.45[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m (1.064[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m pump wavelength) with 90[Formula: see text]fs pulses and 30[Formula: see text]pJ of low energy in-coupled into the core of the selected PCFs. The highest SC generation efficiency is obtained with HL-PCF. The proposed fibers are good candidates for all-fiber SC sources, as a new source of SC light.
Self-Configuration and Self-Healing Framework Using Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) Classifier for IoT-WSN
Authors: Ganesh Raja M. , Jeyalaksshmi S.
Published: November 2023

In most Internet of Things (IoT) systems, Quality of service (QoS) must be confirmed with respect to the requirement of implementation domain. The dynamic nature of the IoT surroundings shapes it to complicate the fulfilment of these commitments. A wide range of unpredictable events endanger the quality of service. While execution the self-adaptive schemes handle with system’s unpredictable. In IoT-based Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), the significant self-management objectives are self-configuration (SC) and self-healing (SH). In this paper, Self-Configuration and Self-healing Framework using an extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) Classifier are proposed. In this framework, the IoT traffic classes are categorized as several types under XGBoost classifier. In SC phase, the IoT devices are self-configured by allocating various transmission slots, contention access period (CAPs) on the basis of its categories with priorities. In SH phase, the source node cardinally establishes a confined route retrieval method if the residual power in-between node is truncated or the node has displaced far away. The proposed framework is executed in NS-2 and the results exhibit that the proposed framework has higher packet delivery ratio with reduced packet drops and computational cost. Therefore, the proposed approach has attained 24.7%, 28.9%, 12.75% higher PDR, and 16.8%, 19.87%, and 13.7% higher residual energy than the existing methods like Self-Healing and Seamless Connectivity using Kalman Filter among IoT Networks (SH-SC-KF-IoT), Provenance aware run-time verification mechanism for self-healing IoT (PA-RVM-SH-IoT), and Fully Anonymous Routing Protocol and Self-healing Capacity in Unbalanced Sensor Networks (FARP-SC-USN) methods, respectively.
Communication-Topology-preserving Motion Planning: Enabling Static Routing in UAV Networks
Authors: Huang Ziyao , Wu Weiwei , Fu Chenchen , Liu Xiang , Shan Feng , Wang Jianping , Xu Xueyong
Published: November 2023

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) swarm offers extended coverage and is a vital solution for many applications. A key issue in UAV swarm control is to cover all targets while maintaining connectivity among UAVs, referred to as a multi-target coverage problem. With existing dynamic routing protocols, the flying ad hoc network suffers outdated and incorrect route information due to frequent topology changes. This might lead to failures of time-critical tasks. One mitigation solution is to keep the physical topology unchanged, thus maintaining a fixed communication topology and enabling static routing. However, keeping physical topology unchanged may sacrifice the coverage. In this article, we propose to maintain a fixed communication topology among UAVs, which allows certain changes in physical topology, so that to maximize the coverage. We develop a distributed motion planning algorithm for the online multi-target coverage problem with the constraint of keeping communication topology intact. As the communication topology needs to be timely updated when UAVs leave or arrive at the swarm, we further design a topology-management protocol. Experimental results from the ns-3 simulator show that under our algorithms, UAV swarms of different sizes achieve significantly improved delay and loss ratio, efficient coverage, and rapid topology update.
GSAA: A Novel Graph Spatiotemporal Attention Algorithm for Smart City Traffic Prediction
Authors: Liu Jianmin , Wang Xiaoding , Lin Hui , Yu Feng
Published: November 2023

With the development of 5G and Internet of Things technologies, the application process of smart transportation in smart cities continues to advance. Sensors are a key source of information for smart transportation, and their data commonly includes complicated traffic scene information. Urban traffic scheduling and efficiency can be significantly increased by deploying data from smart sensors to forecast traffic flows. Despite the fact that some related works have focused on the prediction task of traffic flows, they have not completely mined the traffic spatiotemporal information present in smart sensor data. We offer a novel graph spatio-temporal attention algorithm (GSAA) for traffic prediction in this paper. To completely exploit the geographical and temporal correlations among complicated roadways for traffic forecast, the algorithm combines a spatiotemporal attention mechanism with a graph neural network.To take full advantage of how much effect various hyperparameters provide, deep reinforcement learning is used to obtain the optimal hyperparameters while the predictive model is trained. Experimental results on real-world public datasets show that the algorithm proposed in this paper achieves performance improvements of about 5.47% and 13.10% over the MAE (mean absolute error) than the best baseline strategies for short-term and long-term traffic forecasting, respectively.
Implicit Surface Tension for SPH Fluid Simulation
Authors: Jeske Stefan Rhys , Westhofen Lukas , Löschner Fabian , Fernández-fernández José Antonio , Bender Jan
Published: November 2023

The numerical simulation of surface tension is an active area of research in many different fields of application and has been attempted using a wide range of methods. Our contribution is the derivation and implementation of an implicit cohesion force based approach for the simulation of surface tension effects using the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method. We define a continuous formulation inspired by the properties of surface tension at the molecular scale which is spatially discretized using SPH. An adapted variant of the linearized backward Euler method is used for time discretization, which we also strongly couple with an implicit viscosity model. Finally, we extend our formulation with adhesion forces for interfaces with rigid objects.

Existing SPH approaches for surface tension in computer graphics are mostly based on explicit time integration, thereby lacking in stability for challenging settings. We compare our implicit surface tension method to these approaches and further evaluate our model on a wider variety of complex scenarios, showcasing its efficacy and versatility. Among others, these include but are not limited to simulations of a water crown, a dripping faucet, and a droplet toy.
Early Validation and Verification of System Behaviour in Model-based Systems Engineering: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Cederbladh Johan , Cicchetti Antonio , Suryadevara Jagadish
Published: November 2023

In the Systems Engineering (SE) domain there has been a paradigm shift from document-based to model-based system development artefacts; in fact, new methodologies are emerging to meet the increasing complexity of current systems and the corresponding growing need of digital workflows. In this regard, Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) is considered as a key enabler by many central players of the SE community. MBSE has reached an adequate level of maturity, and there exist documented success stories in its adoption in industry. In particular, one significant benefit of utilising MBSE when compared to the traditional manual and document-centric workflows is that models are available from early phases of systems development; these enable a multitude of analyses prior any implementation effort together with other relevant capabilities, like the automation of development tasks. Nonetheless, it is noticeable there is a lack of a common understanding for how formal analyses for the verification and validation (V&V) of systems behaviour, specifically in the early phases of development, could be placed in an MBSE setting.

In this article, we report on the planning, execution, and results of a systematic literature review regarding the early V&V of systems behaviour in the context of model-based systems engineering. The review aims to provide a structured representation of the state of the art with respect to motivations, proposed solutions, and limitations. From an initial set of potentially relevant 701 peer-reviewed publications we selected 149 primary studies, which we analysed according to a rigorous data extraction, analysis, and synthesis process. Based on our results, early V&V has usually the goal of checking the quality of a system design to avoid discovering flaws when parts are being concretely realised; SysML is a
de facto
standard for describing the system under study, while the solutions for the analyses tend to be varied; also V&V analyses tend to target varied properties with a slight predominance of functional concerns, and following the variation mentioned so far the proposed solutions are largely context specific; the proposed approaches are usually presented without explicit limitations, while when limitations are discussed, readiness of the solutions, handling of analyses simplifications/assumptions, and languages/tools integration are among the most frequently mentioned issues.

Based on the survey results and the standard SE practices, we discuss how the current state-of-the-art MBSE supports early V&V of systems behaviour with a special focus on industrial adoption and identify relevant challenges to be researched further.
Changes in respiratory mechanics in response to crystalloid infusions in extremely premature infants
Authors: Sehgal Arvind , Gauli Bishal
Published: November 2023

Administration of saline boluses is common in premature infants although hypovolemia is an uncommon underlying cause of hypotension. This crystalloid can redistribute into pulmonary interstitial space. In the presence of an immature myocardium and diastolic dysfunction, excess fluid can also be “edemagenic.” This study on extremely premature infants (25 wk gestation) noted adverse influence on respiratory physiology after saline infusion. Clinicians need to choose judiciously and reconsider routine use of saline boluses in premature infants.
Inhibitory Effect of β‐Sitosterol on the Ang II‐Induced Proliferation of A7r5 Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Chen Yuankun , He Shumiao , Zeng Ao , He Siqing , Jin Xiaobao , Li Chunmei , Mei Wenjie , Lu Qun
Published: November 2023

Context. Excessive proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) plays a critical role in the development of cardiovascular diseases. β‐Sitosterol exerts protective effects against the cardiovascular disease. However, whether β‐sitosterol protects against the excessive proliferation of VSMCs remain unclear. Objective. To explore the effects of β‐sitosterol on VSMC proliferation. Materials and Methods. A7r5 cells were pretreated with 2 µM angiotensin II (Ang II) for 24 hr to establish an excessive VSMC proliferation model, followed by treatment with β‐sitosterol for 24 hr. Cells were divided into five groups: control, Ang II, and Ang II + β‐sitosterol (2, 4, 8 µM). CCK‐8 assay, flow cytometry, and Ad‐mCherry‐GFP‐LC3B assay analyzed cell proliferation, cell cycle, cell apoptosis, and autophagic flux. Additionally, the expression of proteins was detected by the western blotting. Results. β‐Sitosterol effectively inhibited Ang II‐induced A7r5 cell proliferation (IC50 : 6.841 µM at 24 hr). It achieved this by arresting cell cycle progression, promoting apoptosis, inhibiting autophagy, and suppressing the contractile–synthetic phenotypic switch. Mechanistically, β‐sitosterol downregulated PCNA, Cyclin D1, and Bcl‐2, while upregulating pro‐caspase 3, cleaved‐caspase 3, and Bax to induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Additionally, it suppressed the contractile–synthetic phenotypic transformation by downregulating OPN and upregulating α‐SMA. The Ad‐mCherry‐GFP‐LC3B Assay and western blotting revealed β‐sitosterol’s autophagy inhibitory effects by downregulating LC3, ULK1, and Beclin‐1 while upregulating P62 expression. Discussion and Conclusion. This study found for the first time that β‐sitosterol could inhibit the proliferation of A7r5 cells induced by Ang II. β‐Sitosterol treatment may be recommended as a therapeutic strategy to prevent the cardiovascular diseases.
Defining and Diagnosing Obesity in India: A Call for Advocacy and Action
Authors: Kalra Sanjay , Kapoor Nitin , Verma Madhur , Shaikh Shehla , Das Sambit , Jacob Jubbin , Sahay Rakesh
Published: November 2023

The prevalence of overweight and obesity has more than doubled since 1980, and it is predicted that around two-thirds of the global burden of the disease will be attributed to chronic non-communicable diseases. Developing countries are experiencing a more dramatic rise in the prevalence of obesity in recent years. As per National Family Health Survey-5 (NFHS-5), one in every four Indians is now having obesity. It has been reported that being overweight and obese is a significant problem among different socioeconomic spectrums of men and women in India, especially among the elderly, people residing in urban regions, and diverse socioeconomic strata. There is an urgent need to identify obesity as a chronic disease requiring immediate attention, mandating timely screening, timely treatment, and economical ways of achieving and managing weight loss across the country. In this review, the authors have discussed various aspects of overweight and obesity and critically appraised the current status of obesity in India, its public health implications, the significance of screening, the role of BMI and other parameters in diagnosing obesity, and the need for treatment and cost-effective prescriptions.
Comparison of Answers between ChatGPT and Human Dieticians to Common Nutrition Questions
Authors: Kirk Daniel , van Eijnatten Elise , Camps Guido
Published: November 2023

Background. More people than ever seek nutrition information from online sources. The chatbot ChatGPT has seen staggering popularity since its inception and may become a resource for information in nutrition. However, the adequacy of ChatGPT to answer questions in the field of nutrition has not been investigated. Thus, the aim of this research was to investigate the competency of ChatGPT in answering common nutrition questions. Methods. Dieticians were asked to provide their most commonly asked nutrition questions and their own answers to them. We then asked the same questions to ChatGPT and sent both sets of answers to other dieticians (N = 18) or nutritionists and experts in the domain of each question (N = 9) to be graded based on scientific correctness, actionability, and comprehensibility. The grades were also averaged to give an overall score, and group means of the answers to each question were compared using permutation tests. Results. The overall grades for ChatGPT were higher than those from the dieticians for the overall scores in five of the eight questions we received. ChatGPT also had higher grades on five occasions for scientific correctness, four for actionability, and five for comprehensibility. In contrast, none of the answers from the dieticians had a higher average score than ChatGPT for any of the questions, both overall and for each of the grading components. Conclusions. Our results suggest that ChatGPT can be used to answer nutrition questions that are frequently asked to dieticians and provide encouraging support for the role of chatbots in offering nutrition support.
Subway Platform Passenger Flow Counting Algorithm Based on Feature-Enhanced Pyramid and Mixed Attention
Authors: Zuo Jing , Liu Guoyan , Yu Zhao
Published: November 2023

Accurate access to real-time passenger flows on subway platforms helps to refine management in the era of networked operations. The narrow subway platforms suffer from significant crowd scale discrepancies and complex backgrounds when counting passenger flow. In the proposed passenger flow counting algorithm, the feature-enhanced pyramid structure is used to retain the channel information of deep features and eliminate the aliasing effect caused by fusion to enhance the feature representation of the original image and effectively solve the scale problem. The mixed attention mechanism suppresses background interference by capturing the global context relationship and focusing on the target area. On the ShanghaiTech Part_A dataset, the mean absolute error (MAE) and mean square error (MSE) of the proposed algorithm are 2.3% and 1.4% higher than those of the comparison algorithm, respectively. The MAE and MSE on the self-built platform dataset reach 3.1 and 5.7, respectively. The experimental results show that the accuracy of the proposed algorithm is improved and can meet the counting requirements of the subway platform scene.
TEAD Inhibition Overcomes YAP1/TAZ-Driven Primary and Acquired Resistance to KRASG12C Inhibitors
Authors: Edwards A. Cole , Stalnecker Clint A. , Jean Morales Alexis , Taylor Khalilah E. , Klomp Jennifer E. , Klomp Jeffrey A. , Waters Andrew M. , Sudhakar Niranjan , Hallin Jill , Tang Tracy T. , Olson Peter , Post Leonard , Christensen James G. , Cox Adrienne D. , Der Channing J.
Published: November 2023

Primary/intrinsic and treatment-induced acquired resistance limit the initial response rate to and long-term efficacy of direct inhibitors of the KRASG12C mutant in cancer. To identify potential mechanisms of resistance, we applied a CRISPR/Cas9 loss-of-function screen and observed loss of multiple components of the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway, which acts to suppress YAP1/TAZ-regulated gene transcription. YAP1/TAZ activation impaired the antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects of KRASG12C inhibitor (G12Ci) treatment in KRASG12C-mutant cancer cell lines. Conversely, genetic suppression of YAP1/WWTR1 (TAZ) enhanced G12Ci sensitivity. YAP1/TAZ activity overcame KRAS dependency through two distinct TEAD transcription factor–dependent mechanisms, which phenocopy KRAS effector signaling. First, TEAD stimulated ERK-independent transcription of genes normally regulated by ERK (BIRC5, CDC20, ECT2, FOSL1, and MYC) to promote progression through the cell cycle. Second, TEAD caused activation of PI3K–AKT–mTOR signaling to overcome apoptosis. G12Ci treatment-induced acquired resistance was also caused by YAP1/TAZ-TEAD activation. Accordingly, concurrent treatment with pharmacologic inhibitors of TEAD synergistically enhanced KRASG12C inhibitor antitumor activity in vitro and prolonged tumor suppression in vivo. In summary, these observations reveal YAP1/TAZ-TEAD signaling as a crucial driver of primary and acquired resistance to KRAS inhibition and support the use of TEAD inhibitors to enhance the antitumor efficacy of KRAS-targeted therapies.

Significance:

YAP1/TAZ-TEAD activation compensates for loss of KRAS effector signaling, establishing a mechanistic basis for concurrent inhibition of TEAD to enhance the efficacy of KRASG12C-selective inhibitor treatment of KRASG12C-mutant cancers.

See related commentary by Johnson and Haigis, p. 4005
FIGURE 2 from Population-specific Mutation Patterns in Breast Tumors from African American, European American, and Kenyan Patients
Authors: Tang Wei , Zhang Flora , Byun Jung S. , Dorsey Tiffany H. , Yfantis Harris G. , Ajao Anuoluwapo , Liu Huaitian , Pichardo Margaret S. , Pichardo Catherine M. , Harris Alexandra R. , Yang Xiaohong R. , Figueroa Jonine D. , Sayed Shahin , Makokha Francis W. , Ambs Stefan
Published: November 2023

Pattern of somatic mutations among AA and EA patients. A, Genes enriched with somatic mutations showing robust frequency differences or exclusivity in AA and EA patients with breast cancer. FOXA1 mutation frequency is shown as comparison. Only those patients who carried at least one of these mutations are included in this graph. B, Mutational spectra of TP53 (top) and FBXW7 (bottom) tumor suppressor genes in the AA and EA patients in TCGA dataset. C, GSEA KEGG gene set pathways with either positive or negative enrichment of DEGs comparing the transcriptome of FBXW7 mutant versus FBXW7 wild-type breast tumors. FDR ≤ 10%, with adjustment for patients’ race. Source: TCGA breast cancer dataset. D, Oxidative phosphorylation capacity in breast tumors with (n = 17) and without FBXW7 mutations (n = 1,046). Tumors carrying FBXW7 mutations have a significantly higher predicted capacity (Wilcoxon rank-sum test, P < 0.05). Oxidative phosphorylation capacity was derived from a meta-gene score covering expression of genes in the KEGG oxidative phosphorylation pathway. Red circle: tumors carrying the R465C FBXW7 mutation. Oxidative phosphorylation pathway activity scores were obtained from single-sample GSEA. Source: TCGA breast cancer dataset. E, Mutations in the FOXA1 gene have the most deleterious effect on survival of patients with breast cancer in the NCI-Maryland breast cancer cohort (n = 93). Kaplan–Meier plot with a HR estimate using Cox regression modeling.
Short-Term versus Long-Term Mentalization-Based Therapy for Borderline Personality Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial (MBT-RCT)
Authors: Juul Sophie , Jakobsen Janus Christian , Hestbaek Emilie , Jørgensen Caroline Kamp , Olsen Markus Harboe , Rishede Marie , Frandsen Frederik Weischer , Bo Sune , Lunn Susanne , Poulsen Stig , Sørensen Per , Bateman Anthony , Simonsen Sebastian
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a severe and prevalent psychiatric disorder. Mentalization-based therapy (MBT) is an evidence-based intervention for BPD, and several countries offer treatment programs for BPD lasting for years, which is resource demanding. No previous trial has compared short-term with long-term MBT. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy and safety of short-term versus long-term MBT for outpatients with BPD. Methods: Adult outpatients (≥18 years) with subthreshold or diagnosed BPD were randomly assigned (1:1) to short-term MBT (5 months) or long-term MBT (14 months). The primary outcome was BPD symptoms assessed with the Zanarini Rating Scale for Borderline Personality Disorder. Secondary outcomes were functional impairment, quality of life, global functioning, and severe self-harm. All outcomes were primarily assessed at 16 months after randomization. This trial was prospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03677037. Results: Between October 4, 2018, and December 3, 2020, we randomly assigned 166 participants to short-term MBT (n = 84) or long-term MBT (n = 82). Regression analyses showed no evidence of a difference when assessing BPD symptoms (MD 0.99; 95% CI: −1.06 to 3.03; p = 0.341), level of functioning (MD 1.44; 95% CI: −1.43 to 4.32; p = 0.321), quality of life (MD −0.91; 95% CI: −4.62 to 2.79; p = 0.626), global functioning (MD −2.25; 95% CI: −6.70 to 2.20; p = 0.318), or severe self-harm (RR 1.37; 95% CI: 0.70–2.84; p = 0.335). More participants in the long-term MBT group had a serious adverse event compared with short-term MBT (RR 1.63; 95% CI: 0.94–3.07; p = 0.088), primarily driven by a difference in psychiatric hospitalizations (RR 2.03; 95% CI: 0.99–5.09; p = 0.056). Conclusion: Long-term MBT did not lead to lower levels of BPD symptoms, nor did it influence any of the secondary outcomes compared with short-term MBT.
Refractive Management of Surgical-Induced Presbyopia in a Young Patient with Vision-Related Quality of Life Complaints: A Case Report
Authors: Castro Catarina , Sousa Paulo , Abreu Ana Carolina , Monteiro Sílvia , Pinto Maria do Céu
Published: November 2023

Visual difficulties can negatively impact life quality. Our purpose was to report the refractive surgical planning and outcomes of a young patient with mixed astigmatism and phacoemulsification-induced presbyopia due to congenital cataracts who was unsatisfied with her vision-related quality of life. A 32-year-old woman, submitted to phacoemulsification with implantation of a monofocal intraocular lens (IOL) and Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy 3 years before, due to congenital cataracts, was referred to the Refractive Surgery Unit of Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António. She had mixed astigmatism (+1.00–4.00 × 10° in the right eye [RE] and +0.50–1.75 × 180° in the left eye [LE]) and surgical-induced presbyopia, was intolerant to contact lenses, and felt that her vision significantly impaired her life quality. A trifocal Sulcoflex® (Rayner) IOL was implanted to correct the spherical and near refractive errors. In a second surgical time, a photorefractive keratectomy was performed to correct the residual astigmatism (−3.50 × 10° in the RE and −1.50 × 170° in the LE). In the last visit, distance and near uncorrected visual acuity were 20/20 (Snellen) and Jaeger 1, respectively, in both eyes, and the patient was very satisfied. When assessing the surgical options of young, working-age patients, clinicians should, when possible, consider alternative solutions to monofocal IOLs. In this patient, the combination of corneal and intraocular procedures allowed the correction of both the distance and near refractive errors, with a subsequent significant improvement in the patient’s quality of life.
ChatGPT is a Remarkable Tool—For Experts
Authors: Azaria Amos , Azoulay Rina , Reches Shulamit
Published: November 2023

This paper investigates the capabilities of ChatGPT as an automated assistant in diverse domains, including scientific writing, mathematics, education, programming, and healthcare. We explore the potential of ChatGPT to enhance productivity, streamline problem-solving processes, and improve writing style. Furthermore, we highlight the potential risks associated with excessive reliance on ChatGPT in these fields. These limitations encompass factors like incorrect and fictitious responses, inaccuracies in code, limited logical reasoning abilities, overconfidence, and critical ethical concerns of copyright and privacy violation. We outline areas and objectives where ChatGPT proves beneficial, applications where it should be used judiciously, and scenarios where its reliability may be limited. In light of observed limitations, and given that the tool's fundamental errors may pose a special challenge for non-experts, ChatGPT should be used with a strategic methodology. By drawing from comprehensive experimental studies, we offer methods and flowcharts for effectively using ChatGPT. Our recommendations emphasize iterative interaction with ChatGPT and independent verification of its outputs. Considering the importance of utilizing ChatGPT judiciously and with expertise, we recommend its usage for experts who are well-versed in the respective domains.
Beyond Descartes: Noël Regnault and Eighteenth-Century French Cartesianism
Authors: Storni Marco
Published: November 2023

This paper proposes new ways of characterizing eighteenth-century French Cartesianism. Besides two widely-accepted elements—the belief in “strict mechanism” and the idea that to demonstrate in physics does not involve mathematics, but reference to mechanical models—I add two more, hitherto neglected, features. First, a strong emphasis on experimentalism, namely the view that experiments are crucial to natural-philosophical practice. Second, an epistemological thesis that I call “conjecturalism,” which consists in doubting that natural philosophy would attain an ultimate truth on the nature of things. To explore these facets of Cartesianism, I focus on the works of the Jesuit Noël Regnault.
Novel utilization of a paper-level classification system for the evaluation of journal impact: An update of the CAS Journal Ranking
Authors: Tong Sichao , Chen Fuyou , Yang Liying , Shen Zhesi
Published: November 2023

Since its first release in 2004, the CAS Journal Ranking, a ranking system of journals based on a citation impact indicator, has been widely used both in selecting journals when submitting manuscripts and in conducting research evaluation in China. This paper introduces an upgraded version of the CAS Journal Ranking released in 2020 and the corresponding improvements. We will discuss the following improvements: a) the CWTS paper-level classification system, a fine-grained classification system utilized for field normalization; b) the Field Normalized Citation Success Index (FNCSI), an indicator that is robust against not only extremely highly cited publications but also wrongly assigned document types; and c) document type difference. In addition, this paper will present part of the ranking results and an interpretation of the features of the FNCSI indicator.
The oligopoly’s shift to open access: How the big five academic publishers profit from article processing charges
Authors: Butler Leigh-Ann , Matthias Lisa , Simard Marc-André , Mongeon Philippe , Haustein Stefanie
Published: November 2023

We aim to estimate the total amount of article processing charges (APCs) paid to publish open access (OA) in journals controlled by the five large commercial publishers (Elsevier, Sage, Springer Nature, Taylor & Francis, and Wiley) between 2015 and 2018. Using publication data from WoS, OA status from Unpaywall, and annual APC prices from open data sets and historical fees retrieved via the Internet Archive Wayback Machine, we estimate that globally authors paid $1.06 billion in publication fees to these publishers from 2015–2018. Revenue from gold OA amounted to $612.5 million, and $448.3 million was obtained for publishing OA in hybrid journals. Among the five publishers, Springer Nature made the most revenue from OA ($589.7 million), followed by Elsevier ($221.4 million), Wiley ($114.3 million), Taylor & Francis ($76.8 million), and Sage ($31.6 million). With Elsevier and Wiley making most of their APC revenue from hybrid fees and others focusing on gold, different OA strategies could be observed between publishers.
Diaspora Diplomacy across Multiple Chinas: Using Hybridities to Analyse Diaspora Diplomacy in Chinese Jamaican Communities
Authors: Lynton Cox Jordan
Published: November 2023

Diaspora diplomacy is a fundamental framework for understanding diasporic engagement, the ways in which diasporic communities from the Global South contribute to the political and economic landscapes of their home nations, as well as the role their diasporic advocacy plays in the relationships between home and host nations. However, complex histories of migration and colonialism can complicate the perceived site of the diaspora’s diplomacy. Recent publications reflect on the concept of ‘multiple worlds’ within postcolonial diasporic communities. In this article, I partner diaspora diplomacy with the postcolonial framework of hybridities to trace the shifting roles of Chinese Jamaican institutions as diasporic diplomats over time. I explore how these organisations both navigate and reinvent themselves within the diverse formations of Chinese identity that endure within the Chinese diasporic ‘periphery’, changing local and Chinese geopolitics and their own positionality within a primarily Black, postcolonial nation.
The Geographic Spaces of ʿAjamī in West Africa
Authors: Barton Karen S. , Ngom Fallou
Published: November 2023

The article highlights the geographical dimensions of African ʿAjamī traditions, with an emphasis on the Wolof, Fula, Mandinka, and Hausa traditions. It examines the spatial variation of these traditions, as well as their specific uses in different geographical spaces, places, and realms. The article shows how ʿAjamī documents – both historic and contemporary archives – are ubiquitous across Muslim West Africa and have been uncovered in both private and public spaces, playing an important role in everyday life. We explore how new cartographies that focus on the diffusion of ʿAjamī scripts and their broad reach can provide us with a richer understanding of African knowledge systems and their important footprint, helping to debunk stereotypes about African literacy.
The Fuuta Jalon ʿAjamī Tradition
Authors: Glovsky David Newman , Jalloh Abubakar
Published: November 2023

Fula ʿAjamī texts have served as an important pedagogical tool, allowing for the spread of Islamic knowledge. ʿAjamī texts were crucial to compiling and circulating Islamic knowledge, inculcating “proper” behavior, and disseminating knowledge about the region’s history. This article situates Fula ʿAjamī texts in the broader history of Fuuta Jalon, emphasizing the role of these texts in the region’s history and processes of knowledge production. Many of the texts from Fuuta Jalon used in the neh ʿAjamī project serve a dual purpose: to educate and prescribe the proper path of righteousness in Islam, and to validate the religious and political rulers of the region as inheritors of a larger Muslim genealogy. In Fula ʿAjamī poetry, the veneration of religious leaders serves to raise up the Islamic traditions of Fuuta Jalon, and to center the region as an integral part of the Muslim world and a center of Islamic learning.
Enacting Everyday Environmental Citizenship: Youthful Interpretations of Belonging and Empowerment
Authors: Firinci Orman Turkan
Published: November 2023

This article argues that young people’s critical agency related to consumerism and climate change, whether individually or collectively performed, is derived from lived experiences through which young people perform their interpretive agency. Building on the performative understanding of citizenship and digital ethnographic data on early youth with diverse social positioning from different regions, I intend to show how young people in Turkey, where the authoritarian regime restrains their civic engagements immensely, practice their interpretive agency and create youthful ways to enact their environmental subjectivities. I further analyze the intersubjective, spatial and, affective character of everyday environmental practices of young people in Turkey, reflecting their ways of belonging and empowerment that translate into shared (youthful) environmental values.
Spotlight on Literary Strategies of Multilingual (Post)migrant Drama in the Play The Situation
Authors: Garde Ulrike
Published: November 2023

Yael Ronen and Ensemble’s award-winning play and theatre production The Situation, first staged at Berlin’s Maxim Gorki Theater in 2015, features monologues and dialogues spoken in Arabic, English, German, Hebrew and Russian (made accessible to audiences via German and English supertitles). My analysis interprets this multilingualism both as a literary strategy that creates fluid meanings and identities, and as a contribution to the decentring of German as the dominant language of the German theatre landscape. Combining a philological approach to multilingualism with insights gained through tools offered by theatre studies and cultural studies, the article also shows how the playwright and director’s poetic and dramaturgical strategies contribute to The Situation serving as an intervention that questions the ‘automatic’ coupling of linguistic with cultural, national and/or ethnic identities in a (post)migrant theatre created by artists with personal experiences of migration.
#EndSARS Protests and the Search for Social Justice in Nigeria: Examining Activist Discourses on Police Brutality, Politics and Human Security
Authors: Chiluwa Innocent
Published: November 2023

On October 3, 2020, members of the Special Anti-Robbery Squad (sars) of the Nigerian Police Force arrested a young man at Wetland Hotel, Ughelli in Delta State, and later shot and killed him, and threw him out of a moving police van. In addition to eye witnesses of what happened, the video of this incident was also trending on social media. Again, on October 5, another video went viral of sars officers’ killing a young musician popularly known as “Sleek,” in unjustifiable circumstances. This was the last straw that broke the camel’s back. What initially began as spontaneous peaceful protests soon turned bloody and by October 8, the protests had spread to almost all Nigerian cities demanding the disbandment of sars. This empirical study examines the operational structure of sars, the formation of the EndSARS movement and its first main protests in 2020 in the search for social justice. Methods in qualitative discourse analysis and multimodality, are used to analyze representational strategies in the protest discourse of the #EndSARS protesters. Other issues bordering on police brutality, injustice, corruption and state failure, which form the main narratives of the protests are analyzed.
Morphological differentiation in giant salamanders, Andrias japonicus, A. davidianus, and their hybrids (Urodela, Cryptobranchidae), and its taxonomic implications
Authors: HARA SOTARO , NISHIKAWA KANTO , MATSUI MASAFUMI , YOSHIMURA MASAKO
Published: November 2023

For a long time, it has been debated whether the two giant salamanders, Andrias japonicus from Japan and A. davidianus from China, are conspecific or heterospecific. Morphological information about their diagnostic characteristics has been limited, without considering sexual dimorphism and/or body size variation. Recently, A. davidianus, which was introduced into Japan sometime in the past, has been found to hybridize with A. japonicus in situ. Taxonomic identification of individuals involved in this unusual breeding is made based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA analyses. This identification method is time-consuming and costly. Thus, developing easier methods of identification, such as utilizing external morphological characteristics, is urgently needed. In this study, we verify previous descriptions showing that A. davidianus has a longer relative tail length than A. japonicus, and the tubercles on the lower jaw and throat were present in both sexes of A. davidianus. In addition, many head characteristics were found to be relatively larger in A. davidianus than in A. japonicus, which were new distinguishing characters. These morphological differences help support the idea that these are heterospecific lineages. In hybrids, relative values of head width and tail length were larger than those of A. japonicus, and the tubercles on their lower jaw and throat were present as in A. davidianus, suggesting that the hybrids and A. davidianus are distinguishable from A. japonicus.
Discovery of the primary aphid (Hemiptera: Aphidomorpha) and scale insect (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) type specimens from the collection of Theodor Hartig (1805–1880)
Authors: BRUNET BRYAN M.T. , RAUPACH MICHAEL J. , REHAGE HEINZ-OTTO , HAVILL NATHAN P. , FOOTTIT ROBERT G.
Published: November 2023

Theodor Hartig’s aphid and scale insect type specimens have been presumed lost or destroyed for the last 140 years. Here we document their discovery at the Bavarian State Collection of Zoology (Zoologische Staatssammlung München, ZSM), in Munich, Germany. These specimens include primary types for 24 aphid, three adelgid, and two armored scale insect species named by Hartig between 1834 and 1851, as well as other specimens of unknown importance.
Advertisement call of the Colombian Horned Frog Ceratophrys calcarata (Anura, Ceratophryidae)
Authors: PÉREZ-GONZÁLEZ JOSÉ LUIS , LAMADRID-FERIS FARIDE , VARGAS-SALINAS FERNANDO , RUEDA-SOLANO LUIS ALBERTO
Published: November 2023

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4. Talking
Authors: Weizsäcker Georg
Published: November 2023

Chapter 4 moves on to the book’s first core item, the “first-order talking belief”. This belief describes what the talker expects about the listener’s reaction to each possible statement, conditional on the talker’s informational circumstance. Along the way, the chapter introduces linguistic concepts that later chapters will pick up: conversational conventions, speech acts, the art of asking questions, relevance of context, and politeness. While misunderstandings arise if conventions are absent, many of these linguistic concepts are suitably defined even for the case of misunderstandings.