bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parent–child reminiscing locates the self in the past
Authors: Fivush Robyn , Nelson Katherine
Published: February 2006

In this paper, we extend our social‐cultural developmental model of autobiographical memory development (Nelson & Fivush, 2004) to discuss children's developing understanding of self and other as temporally extended in time. Parent‐guided reminiscing about past events that includes discussion, comparison, and negotiation of internal states of self and other, and places these internal states in explanatory narratives of behaviour, allows children to construct a psychologically imbued representation of relations between past and present, and self and other. We provide a theoretical and empirical review in support of these arguments and end with directions for future research.
Yours and mine: Toddlers' talk about possessions with familiar peers
Authors: Hay Dale F.
Published: February 2006

Participants in this study were 66 British toddlers who were observed at home with familiar peers on two occasions, six months apart. The majority of toddlers spoke to their peers, with short sequences of conversation emerging after the age of 24 months. The use of possessive pronouns emerged between 18 and 24 months of age and consolidated over the next year. Toddlers who said ‘mine’ were also more likely than other children to say ‘yours.’ The use of possessive pronouns was associated with other language about the possession of objects and references to the motivational states of desire and need, suggesting a general understanding of the concept of object possession. The use of possessive pronouns was initially associated with physical aggression but children who used possessive pronouns at the first visit were significantly more likely to share objects with their peers six months later. The findings suggest that general conversational competence and the particular ability to talk about the possession of objects may facilitate positive relations with peers.
Conversations with siblings and with friends: Links between relationship quality and social understanding
Authors: Cutting Alexandra L. , Dunn Judy
Published: February 2006

This study investigates features of interaction between children that are linked to the development of understanding of mind, and asks whether these associations are evident across different relationships. Comparisons are made of the naturally occurring conversations in a sample of 43 4‐year‐old children, each observed with a sibling and with a friend. Links between features of these conversational interactions and the children's social cognitive development (theory of mind, emotion understanding), language ability and relationship quality are examined. Social cognitive skills were related to successful communication with siblings and with friends, and (marginally) to joint pretend play in both relationships; the relative significance of language for the development of social understanding differed in the two relationships. Language skills and socio‐economic background were important only for conversations and pretend play with friends, not siblings.
Mind‐mindedness in children: Individual differences in internal‐state talk in middle childhood
Authors: Meins Elizabeth , Fernyhough Charles , Johnson Fiona , Lidstone Jane
Published: February 2006

Children's use of internal‐state language during 2 tasks (book narration and describing a best friend) was investigated in a sample (N=38) of 7‐ to 9‐year‐olds. Proportional use of internal‐state talk on the two tasks was highly positively correlated, a relation that was independent of verbosity, age, verbal ability and the use of non‐internal‐state language. Theory of mind (ToM) performance, assessed usingHappé's (1994)strange stories task, was not related to children's proportional use of internal‐state language on either task. We suggest that these cross‐task relations provide evidence of individual differences in children's spontaneous use of internal‐state language that are independent of their capacities for representing those internal states.
Imagining your child's mind: Psychosocial adjustment and mothers' ability to predict their children's attributional response styles
Authors: Sharp Carla , Fonagy Peter , Goodyer Ian M.
Published: February 2006

One class of parent–child interaction that has recently received attention is a mother's engagement with her child at a mental level. The current study operationalizes this notion by asking the mothers of 354 7‐ to 11‐year‐old children drawn from a larger community sample (N=659) to guess the responses of their children, who, in turn, were asked to attribute thoughts to their peers in distressing peer‐related scenarios. The following predictions were made: (1) mothers would be above chance in the accuracy by which they predicted their children's overall attributional styles; (2) increased maternal accuracy would be an important correlate of reduced psychopathology symptoms in children; and (3) poor maternal accuracy would associate with a maladaptive child attributional response style characterized by unrealistic and overly positive attributions. Results suggested that maternal accuracy was normally distributed with mothers accurately guessing the responses of their children for about half of the social scenarios. Furthermore, mothers were shown to be above chance in the accuracy by which they predicted their children's overall attributional styles. Maternal accuracy was found to be related to child psychosocial adjustment (reduced scores on child psychopathology measures), whilst poor maternal accuracy was associated with ineffective social‐cognitive reasoning, as indexed by an unrealistic and overly positive child attributional style. Findings are discussed within the context of the burgeoning literature linking attachment, family talk about feelings and thoughts, and parental mind‐mindedness.
What mothers say and what they do: The relation between parenting, theory of mind, language and conflict/cooperation
Authors: Ruffman Ted , Slade Lance , Devitt Kerry , Crowe Elena
Published: February 2006

We used a longitudinal study with 55 middle‐ and upper middle‐class children to investigate the relation between early mother characteristics (e.g. mental state talk, general parenting style) and later child characteristics (e.g. theory of mind, conflict/cooperation). Children were tested once when they were around 3 years and then again around 4 years. At each time point, children were given a task in which mothers helped the child and a friend draw items with a drawing toy. We examined 2 measures of child theory of mind (task performance and mental state talk), and 4 measures of conflict/cooperation. Early mother mental state talk was uniquely related to both later theory of mind measures and 2 of 4 later conflict/cooperation measures. Mother parenting style (warmth) was uniquely related only to 1 later child conflict/cooperation measure. Child theory of mind was not related to any child conflict/cooperation measures. Thus, it seems to be only what mothers say (their mental state talk) that relates to child theory of mind, and both what they say and what they do (their warmth) that relates to child conflict/cooperation.
Cooperation and conversations about the mind: A study of individual differences in 2‐year‐olds and their siblings
Authors: Hughes Claire , Fujisawa Keiko K. , Ensor Rosie , Lecce Serena , Marfleet Rachel
Published: February 2006

Sibling relationships appear important in fostering young children's growing theory‐of‐mind skills, but the quality of sibling interactions has rarely been investigated directly in relation to children's mental‐state awareness (e.g. as indexed by talk about perceptions, desires, feelings, cognitions, i.e. inner state talk; IST). This study explored individual differences in young siblings' IST in relation to (i) child characteristics (verbal ability and theory‐of‐mind task performance); (ii) family characteristics (sib‐ship size; social disadvantage, maternal well‐being); and (iii) the quality of the children's play with their siblings (frequencies of pretence and reciprocal play). A socially diverse sample of 111 2‐year‐olds was filmed at home playing with a sib (mean age =4.92 years;SD=1.67 years); these sessions were coded from video for reciprocal play and then transcribed and coded for IST and pretence. Verbal ability was assessed for both sibs; in addition, 2‐year‐olds completed theory‐of‐mind tasks. Age and verbal ability were correlated with frequencies of overall talk, IST, pretence and reciprocal play. (Theory‐of‐mind scores were also correlated with 2‐year‐olds' IST, but this relation fell below significance once verbal ability was controlled). Significant independent relations were found between IST and children's quality of play, even when age, verbal ability and overall rates of talk were controlled. Although there were no gender contrasts in mean rates or in the variety of IST, gender differences were found in their correlates: in particular, context effects were significantly more important for girls than for boys. Individual differences in children's IST reflect multiple factors, including the dynamic features of children's reciprocal play.
Conversation and theory of mind: Do children talk their way to socio‐cognitive understanding?
Authors: de Rosnay Marc , Hughes Claire
Published: February 2006

This paper presents a selective review of the literature addressing the influence of young children's conversational environments and interactions on their psychological understanding of persons. Our dual purposes are to reveal some consensus on the current state of knowledge and to foster a programmatic approach to future research. The initial sections clarify what is meant byconversationand describe the nature of theory‐of‐mind development. We adopt the termsocio‐cognitive developmentto convey the fact that children's theory‐of‐mind understanding becomes more elaborate and flexible throughout childhood, and we discuss issues of measurement. The following sections deal directly with the influence of conversational environments and interactions on children's socio‐cognitive understanding. We present findings that suggest that conversational interactions are of fundamental importance for the development of children's socio‐cognitive understanding, and we examine the particular aspects of the former that have been shown to be the most effective in promoting the latter. We discuss the relationship between children's conversational references to thoughts and feelings and experimental assessments of their socio‐cognitive understanding, and we offer a detailed list of considerations for future research. In the remaining sections, we highlight the important roles of (i) young children's expanding linguistic competence and (ii) their relationships, and we discuss implications for individual differences in children's developing social competence.
Conversations around homework: Links to parental mental health, family characteristics and child psychological functioning
Authors: Murray Lynne , Woolgar Matt , Martins Carla , Christaki Anna , Hipwell Alison , Cooper Peter
Published: February 2006

Parents are increasingly expected to supplement their children's school‐based learning by providing support for children's homework. However, parents' capacities to provide such support may vary and may be limited by the experience of depression. This may have implications for child development. In the course of a prospective, longitudinal study of children of postnatally depressed and healthy mothers, we observed mothers (N=88) and fathers (N=78) at home during maths homework interactions with their 8‐year‐old children. The quality of parental communication was rated and analysed in relation to child functioning. The quality of communication of each of the parents was related to their mental state, social class and IQ. While postnatal depression was not directly related to child development, there was some evidence of the influence of maternal depression occurring in the child's school years. Different aspects of parental communication with the child showed specific associations with different child outcomes, over and above the influence of family characteristics. In particular, child school attainment and IQ were associated with parental strategies to encourage representational thinking and mastery motivation, whereas child behavioural adjustment at school and self‐esteem were linked to the degree of parental emotional support and low levels of coercion. Notably, the influence of maternal homework support was more strongly related to child outcome than was paternal support, a pattern reflected in mothers' greater involvement in children's schools and school‐related activities. Some parents may need guidance in how to support their children's homework if it is to be of benefit to child functioning.
Cross-talk of the renin-angiotensin and kallikrein-kinin systems
Authors: Shen Bing , El-Dahr Samir S.
Published: February 2006

The renin-angiotensin (RAS) and kallikrein-kinin (KKS) systems play a key role in multiple physiological and pathophysiological conditions, including growth and development, inflammation, blood pressure regulation and control of renal function. In many instances, kinins and angiotensin II work together, e.g., during development, whereas they oppose each other's actions in the regulation of vascular tone and renal function. The RAS and KKS systems also interact at multiple levels, so that changes in the activity of one system greatly impact the activity of the other. The purpose of this brief review is to highlight recent knowledge regarding interactions at the cellular and molecular levels between the two systems, with an emphasis on the coordinate developmental regulation of these phylogenetically conserved vasoactive systems.
Anti-inflammatory effects of kinins via microglia in the central nervous system
Authors: Noda Mami , Kettenmann Helmut , Wada Keiji
Published: February 2006

Kinins are important biologically active peptides that are up-regulated after lesions in both the peripheral and central (CNS) nervous systems. Microglia are immune cells in the CNS and play an important role in the defense of the neuronal parenchyma. In cultured murine microglia, bradykinin (BK) induces mobilization of intracellular Ca2+, microglial migration, and increases the release of nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2. On the other hand, BK attenuates lipopolysaccharide-activated TNF-α and IL-1β release. These results suggest that BK functions as a signal in brain trauma and may have an anti-inflammatory role in the CNS.
The role of bradykinin B1 receptor on cardiac remodeling in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR-SP)
Authors: Moniwa Norihito , Agata Jun , Hagiwara Makoto , Ura Nobuyuki , Shimamoto Kazuaki
Published: February 2006

An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE-I) reduces cardiac remodeling and a bradykinin B2 receptor (B2R) antagonist partially abolishes this ACE-I effect. However, bradykinin has two different types of receptor, the B1 receptor (B1R) and B2R. Although B1R is induced under several pathological conditions, including hypertension, the role of cardiac B1R in hypertension is not clear. We therefore investigated the role of cardiac B1R in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR-SP) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. The B1R mRNA expression level in the heart was significantly higher in SHR-SP than in WKY rats. Chronic infusion of a B1R antagonist for 4 weeks significantly elevated blood pressure and left-ventricular weight of SHR-SP. Morphological analysis indicated that cardiomyocyte size and cardiac fibrosis significantly increased after administration of the B1R antagonist. The phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, including ERK, p38, and JNK, was significantly increased in the hearts of SHR-SP rats receiving the B1R antagonist. The TGF-β1 expression level was significantly increased in SHR-SP rats treated with the B1R antagonist compared to that in WKY rats. The B1R antagonist significantly increased phosphorylation of Thr495 in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), which is an inhibitory site of eNOS. These results suggest that the role of B1R in the heart may be attenuation of cardiac remodeling via inhibition of the expression of MAP kinases and TGF-β1 through an increase in eNOS activity in a hypertensive condition.
Molecular identification and pharmacological profile of the bovine kinin B1 receptor
Authors: Morissette Guillaume , Marceau François
Published: February 2006

To support the study of kinin pharmacology in bovine models of cultured endothelial cells (ECs), the Bovine Genome Project was searched for a B1receptor (B1R) gene ortholog (BDKRB1). A contig complementary to an intronless coding nucleotide sequence was found. The sequence was amplified from bovine EC DNA, further cloned into pcDNA3 and expressed in COS-1 cells. The bovine B1R sequence was confirmed and extended. A putative Zn2+-binding motif HEXXH is not present (replaced by HDAWP). The receptor binds [3H]Lys-des-Arg9-bradykinin in a saturable manner (Kd0.36 nM) and exhibits a pharmacological profile similar to that of human B1R.
Measurement of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) with an automated POCT instrument in comparison with HPLC and automated immunochemistry method: evaluation of the influence of hemoglobin variants
Authors: Haliassos Alexander , Drakopoulos Ioannis , Katritsis Demosthenes , Chiotinis Nikolaos , Korovesis Socrates , Makris Konstantinos
Published: February 2006

Our study evaluates a fast and easy way to perform point-of-care testing (POCT) measurements of glycated hemoglobin HbA
Inhibiting radiolysis of BTP molecules by addition of nitrobenzene
Authors: Nilsson M. , Andersson Sofie , Ekberg C. , Foreman M. R. S. , Hudson M. J. , Skarnemark G.
Published: February 2006

Autoradiolysis of extraction systems sometimes occurs during reprocessing of spent fuel, which may result in a change in the extraction behaviour of the system. In the work reported here, an aromatic heterocyclic nitrogen bearing tridentate extraction agent, 2,6-di(5,6-diethyl-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)pyridine (a BTP), was irradiated using a 60Co source. The investigation focused on the effect of changing the organic diluent in the extraction system in order to protect the extracting agent from degradation.

A relationship between the distribution ratio and extracting agent concentration was determined, and it was found that the extraction efficiency decreased with increasing irradiation dose.

The effect on extraction of the degradation products from the organic diluents was also considered.
Preparation of [61Cu]pyruvaldehyde-bis (N
4-methylthiosemicarbazone) complex as a possible PET radiopharmaceutical
Authors: Jalilian A.R. , Rowshanfarzad P. , Sabet M.
Published: February 2006

Copper-61 (T1/2= 3.33 h) produced via the natZn(p,x) 61Cu nuclear reaction using natural zinc target, was separated from the irradiated target material by a two-step method developed in our laboratory and was used for the preparation of [61Cu]-pyruvaldehyde- bis (N4-methylthiosemicarbazone) ([61Cu]-PTSM) using an in house-made PTSM ligand. An electroplated natural zinc layer on a gold-coated copper backing (zinc and gold layer thicknesses were 80 and 50 μm respectively) was irradiated with 22 MeV; protons (22−12 MeV; on the target). 61Cu was separated by a two-step chromatography method using a cation and an anion exchange column which gave satisfactory results. After 180 μA irradiation of the target for 3.2 hours, about 6.006 Ci of 61Cu2+ was obtained with a radiochemical separation yield of more than 95% and a radionuclidic purity of more than 99% (60Cu as impurity). Colorimetric methods showed that traces of chemical impurities in the product were below the accepted limits. The solution of [61Cu]-PTSM was prepared with a radiochemical yield of higher than 80%, radiochemical purity of better than 98% and specific activity of about 246 Ci/mmol.
Measurement of fission neutron spectrum averaged cross sections of some threshold reactions on zinc: small-scale production of no-carrier-added 64Cu in a nuclear reactor
Authors: Abbasi I. A. , Zaidi Jamshed H. , Arif M. , Subhani Muhammad Sadiq
Published: February 2006

Fission neutron spectrum averaged cross sections of some threshold reactions like (n,p), (n, α) and (n,2n) on zinc were measured using the activation technique in combination with radiochemical separations and high-resolution γ-ray spectroscopy. Special attention was paid to the formation of 64Cu via the 64Zn(n,p) 64Cu reaction since 64Cu labeled compounds are potentially important radiopharmaceuticals. At a fast neutron flux density of 7.5 × 1013 cm-2s-1 and using a 100% enriched 64Zn target, 35 GBq activity of no-carrier-added 64Cu per batch could be produced. The process seems to be interesting from the medical application viewpoint, if a cyclotron is not available. A fast neutron source, on the other hand, would lead to significantly higher yield of 64Cu.
Interaction of neptunium(V) with picolinic, nicotinic and isonicotinic acids
Authors: Budantseva Nina A. , Andreev Grigory B. , Fedoseev Alexander M. , Antipin Mikhail Yu. , Krupa Jean-Claude
Published: February 2006

The interaction of Np(V) with all isomers of pyridinemonocarboxylic acid has been investigated, stability constants have been calculated using NIR spectroscopy. Single crystals of [NpO2(Pic)(H2O)2] (1), Cs[NpO2(Pic)2(HPic)]·3H2O (2), [NpO2(Nic)(H2O)] (3), and [NpO2(iso-Nic)(H2O)] (4) have been synthesized. Compound1contains infinite chains; compound2consists of isolated Cs+, [NpO2(Pic)2(HPic)]-groups and water molecules. In both3and4neptunoyl-ion NpO2acts as monodentate ligand with one of the O atoms of NpO2group entering in coordination polyhedron of the adjacent Np atom. Compounds3and4have layered and three-dimensional topologies, respectively. Crystallographic data: [NpO2(Pic)(H2O)2], space groupP¯1, triclinic,a= 6.380(2),b= 7.733(2),c= 10.700(4) Å, α = 96.49(3), β = 106.78(3), γ = 103.83(3)°, andZ= 2 (1); Cs[NpO2(Pic)2(HPic)]·3H2O, space groupP¯1, triclinic,a= 8.707(2),b= 9.777(2),c= 14.640(3) Å, α = 76.633(15), β = 78.75(2), γ = 86.55(2)°, andZ= 2 (2); [NpO2(Nic)(H2O)], space groupP21/n, monoclinic,a= 11.901(4),b= 5.5628(15),c= 12.124(3) Å, β = 101.05(2)°, andZ= 4 (3); [NpO2(iso-Nic)(H2O)], space groupP212121, orthorhombic,a= 5.742(3),b= 8.550(5),c= 18.512(10) Å, andZ= 4 (4). Electron and IR spectra of solid compounds have been measured.
Sorption of radionuclides from complexone solutions in liquid CO2
Authors: Shafikov D. , Kamachev V. , Murzin A. , Babain V. A. , Shadrin A.
Published: February 2006

Sorption of 241Am and 137Cs on ion-exchange resins with different functional groups from complexone solutions in liquid CO2 was investigated. It was shown that more than 99% of radionuclides could be recovered from liquid CO2 by using strongly acidic resins or H2C2O4·2H2O. Ion-exchange capacity of KU2-8 (analog of DOWEX-50-8) in liquid CO2 was estimated.
Photochemical behaviour of Tc2OCl10
4– and TcnOy
4n–2y+ in chloride media
Authors: Poineau Frédéric , Fattahi Massoud , Grambow Bernd
Published: February 2006

The stabilities of the technetium polymers Tc2OCl10
4− and TcnOy
4n−2y+ have been studied under light irradiation in 3 M chloride media with a pH range from 0 to 1.3. It has been shown that under irradiation, Tc2OCl10
4− is not stable and undergoes dissociation to TcCl5(H2O)- at pH = 0 and pH = 0.3. At pH = 1, irradiation of Tc2OCl10
4− leads to a stationary state involving TcCl5(H2O)- and Tc2OCl10
4−. At pH = 1.3, TcnOy
4n−2 y+ remains stable under irradiation. Under light irradiation, the predominance diagram of Tc(IV) species obtained from Tc2OCl10
4− aquation in a pH range from 0 to 1 is drawn.

The chemical behaviour of Tc2OCl10
4− and the influence of the light on the condensation of Tc(IV) and solubility of TcO2· x H2O are discussed.
Breaking the Book Known as Q
Authors: Hutchison Coleman
Published: February 2006

This essay considers a series of questions about the relations between material presentation and poetic meaning that emerge from a simple but under-acknowledged fact about the 1609Shake-speares Sonnetsquarto: unlike nearly every other sonnet sequence from the period, Q's poems are broken by a series of nonuniform, seemingly arbitrary page breaks. Arguing that these breaks have profound implications for the interpretation and reception of Shakespeare's poems, the essay suggests thatnotreading page breaks is itself a reading practice-a historically specific, socially determined act in which certain elements of materiality are granted attention and authority while others are not. Espousing instead an approach to the materiality ofShake-speares Sonnetsthat would take seriously the matter of Q's page breaks, this essay understands the page and the page break to be units of meaning with particularly urgent implications for the recognition of poetic form and for the interrelations between a history of the book and the idea of literature. (CH)
The Thick Style: Steady Sellers, Textual Aesthetics, and Early Modern Devotional Reading
Authors: Brown Matthew P.
Published: February 2006

Research on the early modern book trades has uncovered a set of steadily reprinted devotional titles, a canon whose popularity challenges conventional notions of English and American literary history for the seventeenth century. My essay attends to these steady sellers as they helped structure the literary culture of early New England. The essay demonstrates that the pious conduct books rely on the performative literacies of sight, sound, gesture, and touch, on the sensory effects of literary expression, and on the cross-referencing collation of discrete passages, in a phenomenon I call–drawing on editorial theory and information history–the thickening of devotional textuality. With evidence from the prescriptive literature and its use in personal miscellanies, the essay revalues the aesthetic experience of devout colonists. Further, it examines the book format as a precursor to the modes of nonlinear reading associated with digital texts, and it historicizes such uses of the book format in the light of devotional sensibilities. (MPB)
Rethinking the Print Object: Goethe and the Book of Everything
Authors: Piper Andrew
Published: February 2006

This essay combines a consideration of the two-decades-long publishing strategy of Goethe's last major prose work,Wilhelm Meisters Wanderjahre(1808–29), with a reading of specific formal features unique to the final version of the novel. In doing so, it argues that Goethe's use of print and narrative work in concert to form what we might call a particular media imaginary–to reimagine the printed book not according to emerging nineteenth-century criteria of sovereignty, nationality, and permanence but instead according to values more in keeping with the technological capabilities of print media, such as transformation, diffusion, and connectivity. In his vigorous engagement with the material manifestations of his work as a key site of literary work, Goethe offers us an ideal place to explore the productive intersections that the disciplines of book history and literary history are opening up today. (AP)
The Encyclopedist and the Peruvian Princess: The Poetics of Illegibility in French Enlightenment Book Culture
Authors: Piroux Lorraine
Published: February 2006

This study focuses on the French Enlightenment's fascination with the materiality of non-Western and nonalphabetic scripts in the broader context of the history of the book. By examining definitions of writing in the Encyclopédie as well as Françoise de Graffigny's novelistic appropriation of the Inca quipu script in Lettres d'une Péruvienne (1747), I argue that there emerges from these texts a conception of the literary sign capable of challenging the fundamental principles of the Enlightenment printed book: dematerialized textuality and absolute legibility. Shaped by the scriptural imagination of eighteenth-century book culture, literature was able to acquire full aesthetic legitimacy only insofar as it was defined as the other of the purely semantic text. (LP)
Burning with Reverence: The Economics and Aesthetics of Words in Qing (1644–1911) China
Authors: Forges Alexander Des
Published: February 2006

Educated individuals in Qing-dynasty China frequently organized “word-cherishing” societies to collect and dispose of paper with writing on it respectfully. This practice, which was found in Jiangnan-area centers of culture as well as in Chinese communities in diaspora as far removed as San Francisco, reveals a preoccupation among the literati with questions of commensurability between potentially incompatible registers of social meaning. In its emphasis on individual written words (zi) rather than a more general concept of writing (wen), this practice is also indicative of the challenges that literati faced in attempting to compose civil service examination essays in parallel form. It further suggests that the concept of the book and the concept of the fragment of text develop in mutually reinforcing fashion, and it hints at the new significance accorded concrete questions of technique in Chinese literary criticism of the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. (AD)
Race and the (Para)Textual Condition
Authors: McCoy Beth A.
Published: February 2006

When seen through the lens of the African American freedom struggle, the seemingly minor spaces and places federated by Gérard Genette under the term paratext take on a major role. Entangled throughout the margins and fringes of books and other kinds of texts (especially visual ones), the paratext (e.g., citations, prefaces, typeface) has served as a field through which white supremacy has been transacted indirectly: white-written prefaces to fugitive slave narratives are vivid examples. At the same time, the paratext has also served as a vector through which white power has been resisted. Examining the paratextual issues surrounding Frederick Douglass's Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave and Without Sanctuary, James Allen's exhibition of lynching photography, this essay explores what is gained and lost when the paratext is used as a means of resisting racialized domination. (BAMcC)
War and the Book: The Diarist, the Cryptographer, and The English Patient
Authors: Brittan Alice
Published: February 2006

I trace the historical connection between Gutenberg's invention of the printing press and the development of print-based cryptography to examine how war transforms the cultural meaning of books as mobile objects and as readable texts. The first section of the essay, “War and Print,” argues that the spatial portability of print is key to our understanding its role in the two forms of national aggression at the center of Michael Ondaatje's novel-namely, British colonialism and the Second World War. The second section, “War and Handwriting,” turns to The English Patient and proposes that in Ondaatje's novel the admiration of immobile works of art and the act of handwriting attempt to defy the violent human displacements that print enabled. (AB)
A Discrete Time Model for Pricing Treasury Bills, Forward, and Futures Contracts
Authors: Morgan I.G. , Neave E.H.
Published: February 2006

This paper develops a discrete time model for valuing treasury bills and either forward or futures contracts written against them. It provides formulae for bill prices, forward prices, futures prices, and their conditional variances and risk premiums. The interest rate process is described by a multiplicative binomial random walk whose features conform to some principal characteristics of observed processes. Initial forward rates are constrained to match initially observed term structure data.
A Class of Conjugate Priors with Applications to Excess-of-Loss Reinsurance
Authors: Hesselager Ole
Published: February 2006

We consider the problem of forecasting the total cost of claims in excess-of-loss reinsurance. The number of claims reported to the direct insurer is assumed to follow a Poisson law, and the claim severities are modelled by a Pareto distribution. The Poisson frequency as well as the Pareto parameter will be considered as random parameters in a Bayesian setting. We derive the class of conjugate joint prior distributions, which turn out to specify a (prior) dependence between the two parameters. The use of conjugate priors facilitates the mathematical analysis, and it also makes it easy to interpret the parameters of the prior distribution.
Distribution-free Calculation of the Standard Error of Chain Ladder Reserve Estimates
Authors: Mack Thomas
Published: February 2006

A distribution-free formula for the standard error of chain ladder reserve estimates is derived and compared to the results of some parametric methods using a numerical example.
Synthesis, kinetics and mechanism of nucleophilic substitution in octahedral (cat)2Sn(py)2
Authors: Siddiqi K.S. , Nami Shahab
Published: February 2006

Dicatecholatodipyridinetin(IV) in nitrobenzene showed an increase in molar conductance with time, suggesting solvation of the complex. In the presence of nucleophilic reagents, such as SOCl2, C6H5COCl and CH3COCl, the conductance increased sharply owing to the substitution of pyridine by chloride ions. The data for the rate constant of solvation (k s) and for nucleophilic substitution (k 1 and k 2) have been calculated and it was found that the solvation is a slower process compared to the substitution by chloride ions, i.e., k1, k 2 > k s. The nucleophilic substitution reaction follows the SN1 mechanism.
Sterol composition of the Adriatic sea algae Ulva lactuca, Codium dichotomum, Cystoseira adriatica and Fucus virsoides
Authors: Kapetanovic Radomir , Sladic Dusan , Popov Simeon , Zlatovic Mario , Kljajic Zoran , Gasic Miroslav
Published: February 2006

The sterol composition of two green algae and two brown algae from the South Adriatic was determined. In the green alga Ulva lactuca, the principal sterols were cholesterol and isofucosterol. In the brown alga Cystoseira adriatica, the main sterols were cholesterol and stigmast-5-en-3?-ol, while the characteristic sterol of the brown algae, fucosterol, was found only in low concentration. The sterol fractions of the green alga Codium dichotomum and the brown alga Fucus virsoides contained practically only one sterol each, comprising more than 90 % of the total sterols (clerosterol in the former and fucosterol in the latter).
Different expression levels of two KgmB-His fusion proteins
Authors: Markovic Sandra , Vojnovic Sandra , Jovanovic Milija , Vasiljevic Branka
Published: February 2006

The KgmB methylase from Streptomyces tenebrarius was expressed and purified using the QIAexpress System. Two expression vectors were made: pQEK-N, which places a (His)6 tag at the N-terminus, and pQEK-C, which places a (His)6 tag at the C-terminus of the recombinant KgmB protein. Kanamycin resistance of the E. coli cells containing either the pQEK-N or the pQEK-C recombinant plasmids confirmed the functionality of both KgmB-His fusion proteins in vivo. Interestingly, different levels of expression were observed between these two recombinant proteins. Namely, KgmB methylase with the (His)6 tag at the N-terminus showed a higher level of expression. Purification of the (His)6-tagged proteins using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography was performed under native conditions and the KgmB methylase with (His)6 tag at the N-terminus was purified to homogeneity >95 %. The recombinant KgmB protein was detected on a Western blot using anti-Sgm antibodies.
A study of the adsorption thermodynamics of n-hexane on ion-exchanged X zeolites
Authors: Hercigonja Radmila , Dondur Vera , Rakic Vesna
Published: February 2006

In this work, the free energy changes and entropy changes of adsorption of n-hexane on zeolites of the MxNa87-2xX (M=Co,Ni,Zn,Cd) type were determined using their isosteric sorption heats. It was found that the exchange of Na ions in NaX with bivalent cations (Co, Ni, Zn, Cd) significantly alters the adsorption characteristics of NaX zeolite. The free energy changes and entropy changes of n-hexane adsorption were dependent on the surface coverage and on the nature of the charge-balancing cation. The specific influence of the exchanged cations on the free energy changes and entropy changes of sorption of n-hexane originates from the size, location and electronic configuration of the cation.
Electrochemical deposition and characterization of zinc-nickel alloys deposited by direct and reverse current
Authors: Bajat Jelena , Petrovic Aleksandra , Maksimovic Miodrag
Published: February 2006

Zn-Ni alloys electrochemically deposited on steel under various deposition conditions were investigated. The alloys were deposited on a rotating disc electrode and on a steel panel from chloride solutions by direct and reverse current. The influence of reverse plating variables (cathodic and anodic current densities and their time duration) on the composition, phase structure and corrosion properties were investigated. The chemical content and phase composition affect the anticorrosive properties of Zn-Ni alloys during exposure to a corrosive agent (3%NaCl solution). It was shown that the Zn-Ni alloy electrodeposited by reverse current with a full period T = 1 s and r=0.2 exhibits the best corrosion properties of all the investigated alloys deposited by reverse current.
Development and validation of high-performance liquid chromatographic method for determination of ofloxacin and lomefloxacin in human plasma
Authors: Zendelovska Dragica , Stafilov Trajce
Published: February 2006

Ahigh-performance liquid chromatographicmethod for the determination of ofloxacin and lomefloxacin in human plasma has been developed and validated. The effect of organic modifiers on the retention of the investigated drugs was investigated. A simple isocratic chromatographic assay with UV-detection at 280nm was performed on a Hibar Lichrospher 100 RP 8 column (250x4.6mm 5?m. Merck, Germany) using a mixture of acetonitrile and 0.5 % triethylamine in water (pH adjusted to 2.5 with H3PO4) (15:85, V/V) as the mobile phase at flow rate of 1.2 mL min-1. The calibration curves were linear in the concentration ragne of 0.5-6.0?g mL-1 for ofloxacin and 0.2-4.5 ?g mL-1 for lomefloxacin.
An alternative method for the determination of siloxane activities toward basic equilibration catalysts
Authors: Govedarica Milutin
Published: February 2006

The method used is based on the well-known fact that siloxane equilibrates once formed, do not change their compositions unless some siloxane compound is added, in which case new equilibrium compositions appear. As these composition changes, as well as their dynamics, are caused solely because of the addition of a particular siloxane compound, they are expected to be specific, and should contain information about the siloxane activities toward the applied equilibration catalyst. It was shown that the viscosities of such systems, measured as a function of reaction times, could be used for the determination of the relative activities of siloxanes. Proceeding from this basic assumption, some commonly used siloxanes were tested in equilibrations catalyzed with tetramethylammonium hydroxide, TMAH. The siloxanes were hexamathylcyclotrisiloxane, D3, octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, D4 tetravinyltetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane, D4Vinyl, hexamethyldisiloxane MM, and a linear all-methyl oligosiloxane of number average molecular weight of approximately 800.MD8.5M. The following decreasing order of activities toward the TMAH-catalyst was obtained: D3>MD8.5M>D4>D4Vinyl>MM.
Synthesis of thermoplastic poly(ester-siloxane)s in the melt and in solution
Authors: Dojcinovic Biljana , Antic Vesna , Vuckovic Marija , Djonlagic Jasna
Published: February 2006

Two series of thermoplastic elastomers, based on poly(dimethylsiloxane) PDMS, as the soft segment and poly(butylene terephthalate), PBT, as the hard segment, were synthesized by catalyzed transesterification, from dimethyl terephthalate, DMT, silanol-terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane), PDMS-OH Mn=1750g/mol, and 1,4-butanediol, BD. The mole ratio of the starting comonomers was selected to result in a constant hard to soft weight ratio of 55:45. The first series was synthesized in order to determine the optimal mole ratio of BD and DMT for the synthesis of high molecular weight thermoplastic poly(ester-siloxane)s, TPESs. The second series was performed in the presence of the high-boiling solvent, 1,2,4-trichlorbenzene in order to increase the mixing between the extremely non-polar siloxane prepolymer and the polar reactants, DMT and BD, and, therefore, avoid phase separation during synthesis. The structure and composition of the synthesized poly(ester-siloxane)s were verified by 1H-NMR spectroscopy, while the melting temperatures and degree of crystallinity were determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The effectiveness of the incorporation of the silanol-terminated poly( dimethylsiloxane) into the polyester chains was verified by chloroform extraction. The rheological properties of the poly(ester-siloxane)s were investigated by dynamic mechanical spectroscopy (DMA).
The relationship between some meteorological parameters and the tropospheric concentrations of ozone in the urban area of Belgrade
Authors: Markovic Dragan , Markovic Dragan
Published: February 2006

During the period between June and December 2002, the concentrations of ozone in the air at 4 measuring sites in Belgrade were measured. The measuring periods varied from 10 days to several weeks. The maximal measured daily concentrations of ozone ranged from 19ppbv (23 December 2002) to 118ppbv (23 June 2002).Ozone concentrations higher than, or equal to 90ppbv were registered at three measuring sites. It was shown that at measuring sites characterized as urban, maximal O3 concentrations equal to, or higher than 90ppbv occurred at high temperatures (higher than 30?C) and low wind speeds (mostly from the north). The measured ozone concentrations mostly showed characteristics usual for a daily photochemical ozone cycle, excluding the specificities influenced by the measuring site itself. Ozone transport was recorded at increased wind speeds, primarily from south-easterly directions. On the basis of he correlations between ozone concentration and the corresponding meteorological parameters, a validation of the measuring sites was performed from the aspect of their representativeness for the measurements.
Saturated-liquid heat capacity calculation of alkanes
Authors: Jovanovic Jovan , Grozdanic Dusan
Published: February 2006

An empirical model for the calculation of the heat capacity of alkanes is recommended. This model was tested and compared to known models (Luria-Benson and R?zicka-Domalski) using 68 sets with 1155 literature experimental heat capacity data of 39 alkanes. The obtained results indicate that the new model is slightly better of the existing models, especially near the critical point.
Verbal ability: A review of correlational research
Authors: Lalovic Dejan
Published: February 2006

A means for the classification of results of research examining verbal intellectual ability is proposed. A review of co relational studies of verbal intellectual ability was also conducted. The role of verbal ability in various standard factor-analytic theories of intelligence was examined with special emphasis on research conducted in the Serbian language. It was concluded that verbal ability plays a significant role in all factor-analytic models and theories of intelligence, regardless of whether this was explicitly or implicitly identified by their authors. Moreover, a strong tradition of research of verbal intellectual ability in the Serbian language was found to exist.
Self-confidence and metacognitive processes
Authors: Kleitman Sabina , Stankov Lazar
Published: February 2006

This paper examines the status of Self-confidence trait. Two studies strongly suggest that Self-confidence is a component of metacognition. In the first study, participants (N=132) were administered measures of Self-concept, a newly devised Memory and Reasoning Competence Inventory (MARCI), and a Verbal Reasoning Test (VRT). The results indicate a significant relationship between confidence ratings on the VRT and the Reasoning component of MARCI. The second study (N=296) employed an extensive battery of cognitive tests and several metacognitive measures. Results indicate the presence of robust Self-confidence and Metacognitive Awareness factors, and a significant correlation between them. Self-confidence taps not only processes linked to performance on items that have correct answers, but also beliefs about events that may never occur.
Family factors of self-esteem stability in adolescents
Authors: Todorovic Jelisaveta
Published: February 2006

The aim of investigations was to examine what upbringing styles and socio-economic parameters correlate with adolescents? unstable self-esteem. Self-esteem is an evaluative measure of self-concept whose stability in time reflects personality?s autonomy and integrity. Using the sample of 280 secondary school students, the SSES scale was administered twice, at a 30-day interval, the EMBU scale of upbringing styles, a questionnaire with general data on respondents and socioeconomic parameters. It proved that upbringing style and parental tenderness (of both father and mother) correlate with unstable self-esteem in adolescents. Significant correlation between upbringing styles and unstable self-esteem was also found in inconsistency, low control and protection on the part of father. Stable self-esteem is significantly negatively correlated with inconsistency of mother. Of diverse socioeconomic parameters, educational level of father and his profession are of critical importance for stable self-esteem. Upbringing styles produce greater influence on self-esteem level than socio-economic parameters do.
Attachment theory: Old and new approach
Authors: Polovina Nada
Published: February 2006

The article is an attempt to present holistically the key concepts of attachment theory rediscovered for its potentials. The presented concepts include: narrow definition of attachment, behavioral control system of attachment, attachment working model and patterns of attachment. The concepts are presented in the context of child attachment theory and adult attachment theory, in addition to description of the development of attachment. Concepts, as well as developmental processes are presented from the stand point of pioneers in this field (John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth) as well as from the standpoint of their successors (Everett Waters and Malcolm West). Compacted ness of the theory, possibilities for operationalization of its key concepts and its application to empirical studies of complex psychological issues that have never been scientifically explored, makes it a very prospective theory in view of possible integration of existing research findings and initiating new research and new practices in psychotherapy, social work and work in schools. The goal of this integral presentation of attachment theory is to highlight its benefits and possibilities for understanding and research complex field of human's psychosocial functioning.