bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fractional snow-covered area: scale-independent peak of winter parameterization
Authors: Helbig Nora , Bühler Yves , Eberhard Lucie , Deschamps-Berger César , Gascoin Simon , Dumont Marie , Revuelto Jesus , Deems Jeff S. , Jonas Tobias
Published: February 2021

Abstract. The spatial distribution of snow in the mountains is significantly influenced through interactions of topography with wind, precipitation, shortwave and longwave radiation, and avalanches that may relocate the accumulated snow. One of the most crucial model parameters for various applications such as weather forecasts, climate predictions and hydrological modeling is the fraction of the ground surface that is covered by snow, also called fractional snow-covered area (fSCA). While previous subgrid parameterizations for the spatial snow depth distribution and fSCA work well, performances were scale-dependent. Here, we were able to confirm a previously established empirical relationship of peak of winter parameterization for the standard deviation of snow depth σHS by evaluating it with 11 spatial snow depth data sets from 7 different geographic regions and snow climates with resolutions ranging from 0.1 to 3 m. An enhanced performance (mean percentage errors, MPE, decreased by 25 %) across all spatial scales ≥ 200 m was achieved by recalibrating and introducing a scale-dependency in the dominant scaling variables. Scale-dependent MPEs vary between −7 % and 3 % for σHS and between 0 % and 1 % for fSCA. We performed a scale- and region-dependent evaluation of the parameterizations to assess the potential performances with independent data sets. This evaluation revealed that for the majority of the regions, the MPEs mostly lie between ±10 % for σHS and between −1 % and 1.5 % for fSCA. This suggests that the new parameterizations perform similarly well in most geographical regions.
Typometrics: From Implicational to Quantitative Universals in Word Order Typology
Authors: Gerdes Kim , Kahane Sylvain , Chen Xinying
Published: February 2021

This paper develops the concept of word order universals based on a data analysis of the Universal Dependencies project, which proposes treebanks of more than 90 languages encoded with the same annotation scheme. The nature of the data we work on allows us to extract rich details for testing well-known typological implicational universals and, further, explore new kinds of universals that we call quantitative universals. We show how such quantitative universals are in essence different from implicational universals, including statistical universals, by the fact that they no longer lay down any claims on categorical statements, but rather on continuous parameters, opening a new field of research we propose to call typometrics.
La génesis del populismo en España entre 2011 y 2013 un análisis desde la demanda
Authors: Rodríguez Sáez Arturo
Published: February 2021

Este trabajo analiza la génesis del populismo en España entre los años 2011 y 2013 en un contexto de aguda crisis económica e institucional. La perspectiva de análisis se centra en la demanda social, preguntándose, desde la teoría ideacional y una perspectiva metodológica cualitativa, si existen actitudes populistas. El trabajo demuestra cómo las actitudes populistas tienen una existencia latente, manifiesta o en ámbitos fronterizos dependiendo de complejos factores ideológicos. Concluye que antes de la aparición de Podemos existían actitudes populistas explícitas minoritarias, muchas de ellas situadas en un ámbito fronterizo de ambivalencia.
Cuatro décadas de distribución del poder territorial en España: una medición de la autonomía subnacional (1974-2018)
Authors: Ferreira Do Vale Helder
Published: February 2021

Este artículo aborda las relaciones de poder territorial en España mediante el avance de un índice de autonomía subnacional que evalúa cuatro décadas de autoridad territorial descentralizada en el país.

Centrándose principalmente en las comunidades autónomas, el artículo mide la autonomía regional en las dimensiones fiscal, administrativa, institucional y social, y demuestra los patrones por los cuales los Gobiernos regionales en España se han beneficiado progresivamente de niveles más altos de autonomía pese el retroceso ocasionado por la crisis económica de 2008. Más específicamente, el artículo destaca que este proceso presenta patrones identificables, que se manifiestan en el orden y la regularidad de otorgar autonomía. Además, el artículo puntualiza algunos criterios para futuros estudios sobre los avances y retrocesos de la autonomía regional en España.
Which Approach Is Most Optimal for Needle Electromyographic Examination of the Biceps Femoris Short Head: Medial or Lateral?
Authors: Park Jong Heon , Rhyu Im Joo , Lim Ha Kyoung , Cha Jae Hyun , Shin Gi Jun , Rhim Hye Chang , Kim Dong Hwee
Published: February 2021

Objective To investigate the anatomical characteristics of the biceps femoris short head (BS) and determine the optimal needle placement for BS examination.Methods Twenty-one lower limbs were dissected. The distances from the medial and lateral margins of the biceps femoris long head (BL) tendon to the common fibular nerve (CFN) (M_CFN_VD and L_CFN_VD, respectively) and the distance from the lateral margin of the BL tendon to the lateral margin of the BS (L_BS_HD) were measured 5 cm proximal to the tip of the fibular head (P1), four fingerbreadths proximal to the tip of the fibular head (P2), and at the upper apex of the popliteal fossa (P3).Results The BS was located lateral to the BL tendon. The CFN was located along the medial margin of the BL tendon. The median values were 2.0 (P1), 3.0 (P2), and 0 mm (P3) for M_CFN_VD; and 17.4 (P1), 20.2 (P2), and 21.8 mm (P3) for L_CFN_VD; and 8.1 (P1), 8.8 (P2), and 13.0 mm (P3) for L_BS_VD.Conclusion The lateral approach to the BL tendon was safer than the medial approach for examining the BS. Amore proximal insertion site around the upper apex of the popliteal fossa was more accurate than the distal insertion site. In this study, we propose a safer and more accurate approach for electromyography of the BS.
The Clinical Features of Preschool Children With Speech and Language Disorder and the Role of Maternal Language
Authors: Kim Hyeong Seop , Shin Heesuk , Yoon Chul Ho , Lee Eun Shin , Oh Min-Kyun , Chun Se-Woong , Lim Seung-Kyu , Min Hoi Sik , Byun Hayoung
Published: February 2021

Objective To retrospectively review the characteristics of preschool children with speech and language disorders to determine their clinical features and compares the average degrees of language delay based on hospital visit purposes, language developmental delay causes, and maternal language.Methods One thousand one hundred two children (832 males, 270 females) with the chief complaint of language or speech problems who underwent language assessment for the first time were included. Their medical records, including demographic data, language environments, and family history of language problems and other developmental problems, were collected. Furthermore, the results of language and developmental assessments and hearing tests were collected.Results Among the children enrolled in this study, 24% had parental problems and 9% were nurtured by their grandparents. The average degree of language delay did not differ regarding purposes of hospital visits. The average degree of language delay was greatest in children with autism spectrum disorders and least in children with mixed receptive–expressive language disorders. In children with mothers who do not speak Korean as their native language, social quotients in the social maturity scale were less than 70.Conclusion Language environment is an essential factor that may cause speech and language disorders. Moreover, maternal language seems to affect the social quotient of the social maturity scale.
Formalized Hierarchically Nested Expert System for Classification of Mesic and Wet Grasslands in Poland
Authors: Kącki Zygmunt , Swacha Grzegorz , Lengyel Attila , Korzeniak Joanna
Published: February 2021

The goal of this study was to propose a hierarchically nested classification system comprising four principal levels of the Braun-Blanquet system for Polish grasslands of the class Molinio-Arrhenatheretea. Using the Cocktail method, we defined consistent criteria for delimitation of the class, three orders, nine alliances, and 45 associations. Formal definitions were prepared using the summed cover and presence/absence information of species groups and individual dominant species. We created an expert system with a set of assignment rules that unambiguously classify relevés to a single unit at the given abstraction level of the Braun-Blanquet system in such a way that a relevé matched by the definition of a focal vegetation unit must be matched by definitions of all superior units. Of 11,535 relevés classified to Molinio-Arrhenatheretea, 36% were recognized at the association level, and 57% and 85% at the alliance and order level, respectively. All relevés were assigned unambiguously, meaning that a single relevé could not be assigned to more than one unit within the same hierarchical level (no overlap between vegetation units). This study is the first proposal of a hierarchically nested classification system that classifies grassland vegetation at different syntaxonomical levels unequivocally. It is important to create definitions for different syntaxonomical levels because the majority of vegetation patches do not fit to the associations, but can only be assigned to high-rank units such as alliance, order, or class.
Emphysema As a Possible Complication of Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome Leading to Lung Transplantation
Authors: Zawadzki Fryderyk , Wajda-Pokrontka Marta , Stącel Tomasz , Urlik Maciej , Nęcki Mirosław , Antończyk Remigiusz , Latos Magdalena , Królikowska Maria , Maruszak Damian , Łazaj Marcelina , Kowacka Małgorzata , Kliczka Alina , Zembala Marian , Ochman Marek
Published: February 2021

Infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS) develops among premature infants due to structural immaturity of the lungs and insufficient production of pulmonary surfactant. Nowadays, treatment takes place under conditions of intensive care and includes oxygen therapy, mechanical ventilation, exogenous supplementation of pulmonary surfactant and antenatal corticosteroid therapy. The treatment of IRDS, especially mechanical ventilation, may lead to complications which can contribute to developing a severe dysfunction of the respiratory system. Unavailability of pharmacological treatment of IRDS and development of pulmonary barotrauma due to mechanical ventilation in our patient led to the forming of severe pulmonary interstitial emphysema. In this Case Report, lung transplantation was performed as an only successful therapeutic option.
Malignant Pleural Effusion From Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Vulva: Extremely Rare Metastatic Pattern of A Rarely Metastasizing Cancer
Authors: Hafeez Zeeshan , Gilani Sarwat , Han Lying , David-West Gizelka , Epelbaum Oleg
Published: February 2021

The discovery of a malignant pleural effusion indicates metastatic disease and thus invariably results in the highest possible cancer stage. Although the female reproductive tract overall is a common primary tumor site giving rise to malignant pleural effusion, vulvar carcinoma stands out for its propensity for locoregional spread rather than distant metastasis. Our case contributes to the extremely limited number of published descriptions of thoracic involvement by vulvar carcinoma, with malignant pleural effusion being a particularly unusual pattern.
Risk Assessment and Prognostic Aspect of Coagulopathy in COVID-19
Authors: Rahman Mujibur , Rakhi Nadira
Published: February 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) primarily being considered as a respiratory illness has been showing a highly diverse and anomalous array of symptoms since its origin in December 2019 [...]
Young and Exhausted
Authors: Olekšák Filip , Ďurdík Peter , Jakušová Ľubica , Turčan Tomáš , Bánovčin Peter
Published: February 2021

Chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic enceph-alomyelitis (CFS/ME) is a complex [...]
ANÁLISE DA INTEGRIDADE E DA INSTABILIDADE DINÂMICA DE UM SISTEMA MECÂNICO SUJEITO A BIFURAÇÃO DO TIPO BUTTERFLY
Authors: Dowglas de Gois Silva Michael , Roberto Chavarette Fábio , Batista Ferreira Junior Milton , Francisco Borges Lourenco Rodrigo
Published: February 2021

Slender structural systems susceptible to unstable buckling generally losestability at lower load levels than the linear buckling load of the perfect structure. This is mainly due to the geometric imperfections present in real structures. The objective of this work is to determine the integrity measures, together with the stability of the post-critical solutions of a mechanical system subject to unstable symmetrical buckling, Burtterfly-type bifurcation, using a discrete degree of freedom model. Uncertainties in the order of 10% will be considered in its deterministic parameters, to obtain lower and reliable limits for the project. The proposed uncertainty in the spring stiffness parameters does not change the type of bifurcation and the value of the critical load, only the value of the minimum post-critical of the bifurcation diagrams. The results showed the erosion of the attraction basin and the decrease of the factors of integrity, local and global, for the trivial solutions with the increase of the static load, for the investigated bifurcation.
DETECÇÃO DE FALHAS POR MEIO ACÚSTICO UTILIZANDO ALGORITMO DE SELEÇÃO NEGATIVA
Authors: Feliciani   Merizio Igor , Roberto   Chavarette Fábio , Carreta Moro Thiago , Outa Roberto
Published: February 2021

The System Integrity Monitoring (SHM) assesses the situation of aeronautical, civil or mechanical structures and provides the forecast of it is remaining life, acting in decision making, being able to intervene in critical situations. It has emerged as a viable economic alternative for monitoring structures and preventing failures. Thus, thissystem is defined as a prophylactic measure, reliable and effective against structural failure. This work has as objective the theoretical basis and the detection of failures in tubes by acoustic means, following the norm ISO10534-1 (1996) in the sampling. This method of fault detection using acoustic means requires considerably less training data than is usually used in the literature, with approximately 85% less data.
Uma Análise do Perfil dos Cursos de Licenciatura em Computação no Brasil
Authors: Menolli Andre , Coelho Neto Joao
Published: February 2021

O pensamento computacional vem ganhando importância na educação básica, como instrumento para o desenvolvimento da aprendizagem, e os cursos de licenciatura em computação são responsáveis pela formação de profissionais capacitados para fomentá-lo. Desse modo, o objetivo dessa pesquisa é mapear os cursos de licenciatura em computação no Brasil, a fim de apresentar um panorama referente ao perfil destes cursos e identificar fatores associados à taxa de evasão. Para o método de pesquisa, utilizou-se o design science research, sendo definido e implantado um método para análise de dados públicos baseado em business intelligence. Após o método ter sido implantado, dados das instituições do ensino superior no Brasil foram analisados, sendo explorado o perfil dos cursos e alunos de licenciatura em computação, em especial o fenômeno da evasão. Os resultados mostram diferenças nas taxas de evasão em relação à etnia, tipo de cidade onde o curso está localizado, tipo de instituição, modalidade de ensino, ano de ingresso no curso e período do curso. Resultados preocupantes com relação à taxa de evasão e número de ingressantes em anos recentes em cursos de licenciatura em computação foram, também, identificados.
Panda: Uma Nova Ferramenta Web Responsiva Para Auxiliar no Ensino e Comunicação de Pessoas com Limitações Psicomotoras
Authors: Candido Paulo Henrique Vieira , Morais João Victor Ferreira de , Santos Sylvia Martins dos , Zevarex Vinícius Alexandre de Oliveira , Cavalherie Lucas F. A. , Gois Pedro H. M. , Da Silva Santos Carlos Henrique
Published: February 2021

O desenvolvimento de tecnologias assistivas é uma tarefa complexa, devido a necessidade atender necessidades específicas de pessoas como as psicomotoras que limitam a comunicação delas ou serem de fato indivíduos não verbais. Nesse contexto, este trabalho apresenta um novo Software as a Service (SaaS) para criar livros para apoiar um sistema baseado em Picture Exchange Communication (PEC) para pessoas com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) com limitações de psicomotricidade e limitação parcial ou total na comunicação verbal. Esse SaaS foi chamado de Panda e desenvolvido utilizando tecnologias Progressive Web App (PWA) para oferecer facilidade ao usuário e flexibilidade de uso em diferentes tipos de dispositivos móveis, oferecendo recursos de interface baseados User Interface Design Patterns (UIDP). Alguns resultados com o grupo de usuários mostraram adequação à ferramenta e seu pleno funcionamento sem conexão com a Internet, mas que implicações negativas com alguns recursos de interface são descritas e que estão sendo incrementados pela equipe de desenvolvimento para o pleno atendimento das necessidades sociais e vasta abrangência de uso esperada.
Determinants of Islamic Banks Distress in Gulf Council Countries (GCC)
Authors: Hamdow Gad Elkreem Braima Bakhita
Published: February 2021

The study aims to investigate the relation between Z score and internal factors represented in Camel rating system ratios. To discover the best ratios that can be used as indicator. Also it aims to investigate the impact of external economic factors GDP, Inflation rate and currency exchange rate on the Islamic banks soundness.it follows quantitative method, simple random sample of five full-fledge Islamic banks in Gulf Council Countries is selected, parametric statistical analysis is used, especially linear multiple regression tool. The results of linear regression model showing that, there are some ratios affect positively and significantly on Z score,those are, Total equities to T. Asset; Total loan to Total Assets; market share price and Earning per share.; moreover the GDP and inflation rate do not effect on the Islamic banks soundness. Implication of the results in Islamic banks they should increase their Z score through increasing some ratios such as liabilities to Assets ratio, loan to Assets ratio, share market price, most important implication of the study result is a recommendation for amendment of Camel rating model. Further works are recommended with more statistical techniques. The relation between camel dimensions ratios and bankometer model should be conducted.
Particle and Carbon Monoxide Atmospheric Pollution in the City of Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
Authors: García Mario , Ulloa Héctor , García Omar , Ramírez Hermes , Fajardo Aida , Saldaña Claudia , Messina Sarah , Rodríguez Yamilet
Published: February 2021

Actively caring for the environment is an issue that prevails in the international debate, and our country takes part on this argument. One aspect of environmental deterioration is, with no doubt, atmospheric pollution; a constant in modern societies, which, in the attempt to find growth and development, impact the natural and urban environment they inhabit. A distinctive feature of commercial and economic exchange are the strategic cities, so-called capitals, in addition to the territories where coastal tourism predominates as an engine of regional human development. In this balance, which is far from being sustainable and fair, an exponential consumer market dominates and generates the progressive increase in the use of fossil fuels. The former being emitted into the atmosphere, in such a way that they alter chemical composition and cause harmful air quality. In addition, the territory is impacted, intoxicating the soil and water, which are the final deposit. The objective of this work is to determine the temporal behavior of atmospheric pollutants in the city of Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico and to identify the dominant pollution indicators considering the international and national context. Through the statistical analysis of the databases of particles smaller than 2.5 micrometers, particles smaller than 10 micrometers and carbon monoxide, the behaviors of these pollutants in the study area were obtained. Among the most significant results, particles smaller than 2.5 micrometers showed maximum levels outside the norm almost all year round, with values ​​reaching 170 micrograms per cubic meter. On the other hand, the particles smaller than 10 micrometers presented satisfactory levels in their average behavior; however, the maximum concentrations remained outside the official Mexican standard. Regarding the analysis of CO, a behavior within the maximum permissible limits of protection for the population was reported; Nevertheless, by favoring the formation of tropospheric ozone, its contribution is significant, especially when the atmosphere is highly photo-reactive. This research can be used as a timely tool for mitigation of climate change, where the results contribute to the review and rethinking of public management of the environment towards sustainable development.
Steroidal 5α-Reductase: A Therapeutic Target for Prostate Disorders
Authors: Dhingra Neelima
Published: February 2021

Steroidal 5α-reductase is a system of NADPH dependent enzyme that catalyzes the irreversible conversion of Δ4–3-ketosteroid precursor (testosterone) to its corresponding 5α-reduced metabolite (dihydrotestosterone). Initial role of DHT was discovered through males pseudohermaphroditism, a genetic disorder with complete or partial 5α-reductase deficiency accompanied with features at critical juncture of fetal and postnatal development. However, excessive DHT production, has brought a revolution in revealing the etiology of complications like prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Over the last two decades, converging lines of evidences have highlighted the role of 5α-reductase inhibitors in the treatment of these androgen dependent disorders. Finasteride and Dutasteride, are the two clinically approved inhibitors available in the market, that helps in reducing the prostate volume by blocking the 5a-reductase enzyme.
Private Investigation and Open Source INTelligence (OSINT)
Authors: José Cesteros García Francisco
Published: February 2021

Social Networks has changed the way of developing an investigation as far as people use to explain, graph, show and give details about their life. It is so because people need to communicate and need to share feelings and passionate life. Based on these facts, private investigation uses the information in public databases to make an approach to people, their facts and their details that they publically expose to the rest of the world. So, this chapter explains how to use the OSINT (Open Source INTelligence) methodology for legally become part of the steps on a private investigation. The information is growing up and people expose their images, comment and reference to other ones so it facilities the investigation of getting results. Actually OSINT is the first step that private investigation must consider and this chapter covers and explains why and how to do this.
E-Health Applications for Smart and Pervasive Healthcare in Greece. What Can We Expect?
Authors: Voutsidou Sofia
Published: February 2021

e-Health leads to the reshaping of the traditional ways of providing services by health professionals, aiming both at the rationalization of the expenses and the satisfaction of the patients-users of health services. Nevertheless, the key elements which prejudge its success are the measurable results, the guarantee of a broad consensus, as well as the leadership’s commitment to implement it. Ιn Greece, it is implemented within the European action eEurope 2005-eGovernment and the eEurope-i2010 programme. The application of e-Health in Greece is a national priority, for a number of reasons, such as the thousands of islands in the Greek archipelago which make the traditional form of medical care practically impossible. However, the economic crisis that broke out in Greece in 2009, as well as the arrival of waves of refugees in the country raised new issues in the development of the e-Health sector. This chapter analyses the institutional framework of e-Health in Greece. It also outlines the various technological, legal and organizational challenges that arise in the process of implementing e-Health in the pivots of effectiveness, efficiency, quality and equal accessibility. Finally, it develops a strategy for the future of e-Health in the Greek National Health System.
Is External Ventricular Drain Infection Predictable in Neurosurgery Patients? A Following-up Study in Iran
Authors: Chouhdari Arezoo , Alavi Darazam Ilad , Shahrabi Farahani Marzieh , Mokhtari Majid , Goharani Reza , Amirdosara Mahdi , Hajiesmaeili Mohammadreza
Published: February 2021

Background: External ventricular drains (EVDs) infection is a life-threatening complication. Objectives: To investigate the rate of EVDs infection and its predictive factors in neurosurgery patients hospitalized at a tertiary teaching hospital in Iran. Methods: In this survey, all patients referred to a subspecialty hospital in Tehran (Iran) with an external ventricular drain (EVDs) from Jun 23, 2018, to Jun 23, 2019, are monitored within 30 days of EVDs placement for infection. Data on demographic information, underlying diseases, number of EVD replacements, length of hospital stay, type consumed antibiotic before neurosurgery, length of tunneling, type of airway, duration of mechanical ventilation, duration of surgery(hours), surgeon name, APACHE II score, length of intensive care unit stay are collected. The diagnosis was based on the Center for Diseases Control and Prevention criteria for meningitis/ventriculitis and clinical vision of infectious or critical care specialists. A logistic regression model was developed to identify factors that can predict the infection. Results: Of 81 patients with EVDs, 39 (48.1%) were infected. The mean age of patients was 44.33 ± 19.5 years, and 55.6% of them were male. According to the multiple logistic regression analysis, mechanical ventilation for more than 6 days (OR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.6 - 3.56, P = 0.04) and length of tunneling > 5 cm (OR: 1.98, 95%CI: 1.87 - 4.76, P = 0.02) were identified as factors that could predict EVD infection. Also, consuming ceftazidime + vancomycin, as a prophylaxis agent, had a lower odds ratio for EVD infection (OR:0.4, 95% CI: 0.08 - 0.84, P = 0.04). Conclusions: Regarding the predictive factors of EVDs infection, either in the present study or other studies, there should be strategies to manage this life-threatening infection in neurosurgery patients.
Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Game (MMORPG) Player Profiles: Exploring Player’s Motives Predicting Internet Addiction Disorder
Authors: Biolcati Roberta , Pupi Virginia , Mancini Giacomo
Published: February 2021

Background: Due to the increasing spread of massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGs) and their addictive potential, scholars assert that understanding the factors underpinning Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is crucial, considering the psychopathological classification. Objectives: This study aimed to explore the motives predicting IGD in MMORPG players with different personality risk profiles. Materials and Methods: An online survey was conducted among 202 MMORPG players (mean age = 27.85 years, SD = 6.49). A cluster analysis was performed to classify the samples, according to the substance use risk profile scale (SURPS), distinguishing a sensation seeking (SS) group from a group prone to negative emotions (PNE), including anxiety, hopelessness, and impulsivity. Also, the gaming motives, which were determined using the Motives for Online Gaming Questionnaire (MOGQ), were considered as independent variables in analyses. The regression analyses indicated different combinations of gaming motives, predisposing the two groups to IGD. Results: The escapism motive and male gender were the main risk factors for SS players, whereas the sociability motive predicted addiction tendencies in the PNE group. Also, the competition motive was a strong predictor of IGD in both groups; this motive was found to be associated with the male gender and the specific game genre. Moreover, the PNE players were significantly more addicted to MMORPGs and were less satisfied with their life, compared to the SS group. Conclusions: Based on the present results, clustering gamers in terms of personality traits allowed us to understand the mechanisms underlying IGD for overcoming a reductive approach, which considers MMORPG players as a uniform group.
Blood Pressure Screening Campaign in the Adult Population
Authors: Jalali Seyed Farzad , Javanian Mostafa , Ghadimi Reza , Bijani Ali , Mouodi Simin
Published: February 2021

Background: World Health Organization estimated that 1 in 4 men and 1 in 5 women have hypertension (HTN). Considering the impact of high blood pressure (BP) identification to prevent its related complications. Objectives: This study was performed to describe the first national BP screening program conducted in Babol, north of Iran. Methods: In this historical cohort carried out at Babol University of Medical Sciences, data related to the 2019 BP screening mass campaign in adult people ≥ 30 years were collected. BP less than 120/80 mm Hg was considered as normal, and mean BP ≥ 140/90 mm Hg or taking antihypertensive medication was defined as hypertension. When the systolic pressure was 120 - 139 or the diastolic pressure was 80 - 90 mm Hg, the person was classified as a prehypertensive case. Results: Totally, 220,241 adult people, with a mean age of 49.82 ± 14.26 years were screened, of whom 42,107 cases (19.1%; 95% CI: 18.95 - 19.28%) had hypertension, 112,406 cases (51.0%) had normal BP, and 65,728 cases (29.8%) were diagnosed as prehypertensive cases. After controlling for demographic covariates, the logistic regression models showed significantly higher odds of hypertension for married individuals (adjusted OR = 1.23; 95% CI: 1.19 - 1.27; P < 0.0001) and those living in urban regions (adjusted OR = 1.84; 95% CI: 1.79 - 1.88; P < 0.0001). The prevalence of hypertension showed no significant difference between men and women (P = 0.476). Conclusions: As nearly one in five adults had hypertension, and nearly 30% were diagnosed as prehypertensive individuals, a continuous BP screening program is recommended in this region. High BP was observed more in older and married cases and in people living in urban regions.
Microscopic and Molecular Description of the Microsporidian Parasite,Heterosporis sp., Infecting Lizardfish, Saurida undosquamis in the Persian Gulf
Authors: Larki Sara , Peyghan Rahim , Tulabi dezfuli Zahra
Published: February 2021

Background: The lizardfish is an economically important fish in the Persian Gulf with high rates of parasitic infections. Microsporidia species, as opportunistic parasites, cause several disorders, which in turn result in economic problems. Objectives: The main objective was to evaluate Heterosporis sp. infection in Persian Gulf lizardfish using the small subunit ribosomal RNA phylogenetics to describe and classification of the unknown microsporidia species as well as morphological characteristics. Methods: The abdominal cavities of fifty specimens of lizardfish, Saurida undosquamis, were examined using morphological and molecular techniques. Some irregular whitish cyst-like were fixed for histopathological and transmission electron observations. The small subunit ribosomal genomic DNA was studied and a 1,279 bp genomic sequence was amplified and investigated for molecular analysis. Results: Twenty-two (out of fifty) specimens were infected with irregular whitish microsporidian cysts. Light and electron microscopic findings revealed round cysts containing large numbers of monomorphic and ovoid spores with a posterior vacuole. Polar tube coiled between six and eight-times, in one row. The large xenoma (hypertrophied parasitizing host cells) was encapsulated by a host-derived thick connective tissue in pathological samples. The phylogenetic analysis showed that despite some morphological similarity of the Persian Gulf microsporidia sp. to Glugea spp., the most closely related species with minimum genetic distance to Heterosporis anguillarum isolated is Japanese eels (Anguillajaponica). Conclusions: This is the first phylogenetic report of microsporidian infections in mesenteric tissues of lizardfish S. undosquamis in Iran including morphological and molecular markers, to introduce novel species
Effect of Different Types of Lower-Limb Exercise on Blood Pressure in Hypertensive People: A Randomized, Double-blind Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Hedayati Rozita , Mahmoodi Salimeh , Bagheri Rasool , Biglary Marjan , Bakhtiary Amir Hoshang , Mirmohammadkhani Majid
Published: February 2021

Objectives: The current study aimed at determining the immediate and long-lasting effects of eccentric and concentric exercises on hypertension in individuals with high blood pressure. Methods: A total of 45 hypertensive volunteers were randomly assigned to three intervention groups as eccentric exercise (n = 15), concentric exercise (n = 15), and control (n = 15) groups. All the volunteers underwent exercise interventions for four weeks, three sessions per week (12 sessions in total) as treadmill walking with +10% gradient (concentric group), -10% gradient (eccentric group), or neutral gradient. Before the intervention, immediately after the first session of the intervention, after the end of the intervention, and 48 hours after the end of the intervention, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and maximum oxygen consumption were measured and compared between the groups. Results: The positive gradient group had higher diastolic blood pressure 48 h after the intervention than the negative and neutral gradient groups (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the other study variables between eccentric and concentric exercise groups (P > 0.05). Statistical analysis showed that eccentric exercises immediately reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure (P < 0.05). Eccentric and constrictive exercises reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure for the long term (P < 0.05). Exonerative and constrictive exercises improved the heart rate, maximum oxygen consumption, and systolic blood and diastolic blood pressure in the short and long term (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Eccentric and concentric exercises with immediate and long-lasting effects improved systolic and diastolic blood pressure, as well as heart rate and maximum oxygen consumption. No significant difference was found between the two types of exercises in terms of the variables studied.
Pregnancy Anxiety and Associated Factors in Pregnant Women
Authors: Ghezi Saeede , Eftekhariyazdi Mitra , Mortazavi Forough
Published: February 2021

Background: Pregnancy anxiety that threatens maternal mental health has a negative impact on pregnancy outcomes and can develop even in a healthy pregnant woman with no depression or anxiety problems. Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to investigate pregnancy anxiety and its related factors in pregnant women. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was performed on 322 pregnant women who were registered at health centers from November 2018 to March 2018. A random sampling method was applied to select eight health centers in the city. Using the SIB system, 40 pregnant women were randomly selected in each center. Selected women who came to health centers to receive prenatal care filled out the revised version of the Farsi anxiety scale for pregnancy (F-ASP-R). Inclusion criteria were, having the ability to read and lack of psychological disorders requiring treatment. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 18 and student t-test, analysis of variance, and multiple regression analyses. Results: The mean score of the F-ASP-R was 32.63 ± 8.9 out of 56, and 49.7% of the study participants scored below the average. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the F-ASP-R was 0.867. Multiple regression analyses showed that unwanted pregnancy (P = 0.008), a history of hospitalization in pregnancy (P = 0.044), lack of knowledge about analgesia during labor (P = 0.019), a history of dysmenorrhea (P < 0.001), poor spousal emotional support (P = 0.001), and perceived poor health (P < 0.001) were independent risk factors of pregnancy anxiety. Conclusions: Intervention is necessary to reduce pregnancy anxiety in women with an unwanted pregnancy, a history of dysmenorrhea or hospitalization in pregnancy, poor spousal emotional support, and perceived poor health.
Must Egalitarians Condemn Representative Democracy?
Authors: Lovett Adam ,   Department of Philosophy, Florida State University
Published: February 2021

Many contemporary democratic theorists are democratic egalitarians. They think that the distinctive value of democracy lies in equality. Yet this position faces a serious problem. All contemporary democracies are representative democracies. Such democracies are highly unequal: representatives have much more power than do ordinary citizens. So, it seems that democratic egalitarians must condemn representative democracies. In this paper, I present a solution to this problem. My solution invokes popular control. If representatives are under popular control, then their extra power is not objectionable. Unfortunately, so I argue, in the United States representatives are under loose popular control.
Emily Daly and Erin L. Ellis share plans for ACRL: Cast an informed vote in the election this spring
Authors: Daly Emily , Ellis Erin L.
Published: February 2021

Ed. Note: C&RL News offered the candidates for ACRL vice-president/president-elect, Emily Daly and Erin Ellis, this opportunity to share their views with the membership. Although many of the issues facing ACRL are discussed informally at meetings, we want to use this venue to provide a forum to all members. We hope this will assist you in making an informed choice when you vote in the election this spring.
Best practices for embedded librarian service: Connecting with students online
Authors: Strasz Michelle
Published: February 2021

Embedded librarianship has been around for a long time. It was considered a buzz word and began appearing in journals and conferences early in the 21st century, according to Kathy Drewes and Nadine Hoffman. Embedded librarianship became a way for librarians to provide research help and assistance to distance education students, as more library resources came online. Embedded librarianship has been an important service no more so than now in the new reality of the pandemic world.
Missing data representation by perception thresholds in flood flow frequency assessment
Authors: Đokić Nikola , Blagojević Borislava , Mihailović Vladislava
Published: February 2021

Flood flow frequency analysis (FFA) plays one of the key roles in many fields of hydraulic engineering and water resources management. The reliability of FFA results depends on many factors, an obvious one being the reliability of the input data - datasets of the annual peak flow. In practice, however, engineers often encounter the problem of incomplete datasets (missing data, data gaps and/or broken records) which increases the uncertainty of FFA results. In this paper, we perform at-site focused analysis, and we use a complete dataset of annual peak flows from 1931 to 2016 at the hydrologic station Senta of the Tisa (Tisza) river as the reference dataset. From this original dataset we remove some data and thus we obtain 15 new datasets with one continuous gap of different length and/or location. Each dataset we further subject to FFA by using the USACE HEC-SSP Bulletin 17C analysis, where we apply perception thresholds for missing data representation. We vary perception threshold lower bound for all missing flows in one dataset, so that we create 56 variants of the input HEC-SSP datasets. The flood flow quantiles assessed from the datasets with missing data and different perception thresholds we evaluate by two uncertainty measures. The results indicate acceptable flood quantile estimates are obtained, even for larger return periods, by setting a lower perception threshold bound at the value of the highest peak flow in the available - incomplete dataset.
La fenomenología lingüística como germen de la filosofía para la paz de Vicent Martínez Guzmán
Authors: Reverter Bañón Sonia
Published: February 2021

En esta propuesta se analizará la reflexión del profesor Vicent Martínez Guzmán en su etapa inicial en la investigación filosófica. Es muy conocido todo su trabajo y reflexión en la filosofía para la paz, un fértil campo de estudio que inauguró en España en los noventa y que se ha ido consolidando como una materia en sí misma. Sin embargo, el trabajo filosófico inicial del profesor Martínez Guzmán, el que precisamente le llevó a ser pionero en la creación de una “filosofía para hacer las paces”, como finalmente le denominaba, no es tan conocido. Se trata de la reflexión desde la fenomenología lingüística, especialmente centrada en el filósofo John Austin, objeto de estudio de Martínez Guzmán en su tesis doctoral. El lenguaje ordinario, como ya preocupó a Austin, será el nicho oportuno para estudiar, lejos de una visión logicista del lenguaje, lo que hacemos cuando hablamos. Y en ese hacer que es el hablar hacemos también las paces.The aim of this paper is to analyze the reflection of Professor Vicent Martínez Guzmán in his initial stage in philosophical research. He is well known for all his work and reflection on the philosophy for peace, a fertile field of study that he inaugurated in Spain in the nineties and that has been consolidated as a subject in itself. However, the initial philosophical work of Professor Martínez Guzmán, which precisely led him to be a pioneer in the creation of a “philosophy to make peace”, as he finally called it, is not so well known. In the paper we will observe his reflection from the linguistic phenomenology, especially centered on the philosopher John Austin, object of study of Martínez Guzmán in his doc-toral thesis. Ordinary language, as Austin has already established, will be the appropriate niche to study, far from a logicist vision of language, what we do when we speak. And it is by talking that we also make peace.
La Filosofía de la paz de Vicent Martínez Guzmán y la fenomenología
Authors: San Martín Javier
Published: February 2021

El objetivo de este ensayo es primero honrar la memoria de Vicent Martínez Guzmán, destacando sus importantes contribuciones a la filosofía. Dada su relación con el autor, ha parecido lo más oportuno centrarse en la relación de su filosofía con la fenomenología puesto que otros colegas desentrañarán otras facetas. Para cumplir ese cometido el ensayo tiene cuatro partes. En la primera se hace una presentación de las etapas de la filosofía de nuestro autor. En la segunda se expone, con bastante amplitud, por la importancia que tiene, la primera concepción de la fenomenología de Vicent Martínez Guzmán. El apartado tercero expone, aunque sea brevemente, por ser más conocido, el sentido fenomenológico de la filosofía para hacer las paces. Por fin, la cuarta comenta la posición de Vicent Martínez Guzmán respecto al ordoliberalismo de la Escuela de Friburgo, considerando la relación de este con la fenomenología husserliana.The aim of this essay is first of all to honor the memory of Vicent Martínez Guzmán, highlighting his important contributions to philosophy. Given its relationship with the author, it has seemed most appropriate to focus on the relationship of his philosophy with phenomenology since other colleagues will unravel other facets. To fulfill this task, the essay has four parts. In the first one, a presentation is made of the stages of our author's philosophy. In the second, the first conception of the phenomenology of Vicent Martínez Guzmán is exposed, quite widely, because of its importance. The third section exposes, even if briefly, for being better known, the phenomenological sense of “philosophy to make peace”. Finally, the fourth section comments on Vicent Martínez Guzmán’s position regarding the ordoliberalism of the Fribourg School, considering its relation to Husserlian phenomenology.
La vida y la revelación: los caminos insondables de Michel Henry
Authors: Belvedere Carlos
Published: February 2021

Me propongo delinear las nociones de vida y revelación tal como son descritas en la obra temprana y en la obra tardía de Michel Henry. Además, cotejaré estas descripciones con la piedra de toque de la fenomenología, a saber, la experiencia en primera persona. A partir de ella levantaré una objeción material: que la vida no se revele en mí como una fenomenalidad pura distinguida del fenómeno propia-mente dicho pone en jaque el carácter absoluto de la manifestación pues hay al menos un caso en que no se cumple. Luego mostraré que, en sus últimos años, Henry da cuenta de este tipo de experiencia a partir de las figuras del mal. Argumentaré, por último, que aunque tiene el mérito de dar cuenta de una heterogeneidad posible de la experiencia, la respuesta ofrecida allí resulta insuficiente para retirar la objeción planteada inicialmente.My aim is to delineate the notions of life and revelation as they are described in the early work and in the late work of Michel Henry. In addition, I will compare these descriptions with the touchstone of phenomenology, namely, the first-person experience. Based on it I will raise a material objection: that life does not reveal itself in me as a pure phenomenality distinguished from the phenomenon itself calls into question the absolute character of manifestation because there is at least one case in which it is not fulfilled. Then I will show that, in his latest years, Henry accounts for this type of experience as a figure of evil. Finally, I will argue that, although it has the merit of accounting for a possible heterogeneity of the experience, the answer offered there is insufficient to withdraw the objection raised initially.
Longitudinal Analysis of Mental Disorder Burden Among Elderly Patients With Gastrointestinal Malignancies
Authors: Harris Jeremy P. , Kashyap Mehr , Humphreys Jessi N. , Chang Daniel T. , Pollom Erqi L.
Published: February 2021

Background: Patients with cancer are at high risk for having mental disorders, resulting in widespread psychosocial screening efforts. However, there is a need for population-based and longitudinal studies of mental disorders among patients who have gastrointestinal cancer and particular among elderly patients. Patients and Methods: We used the SEER-Medicare database to identify patients aged ≥65 years with colorectal, pancreatic, gastric, hepatic/biliary, esophageal, or anal cancer. Earlier (12 months before or up to 6 months after cancer diagnosis) and subsequent mental disorder diagnoses were identified. Results: Of 112,283 patients, prevalence of an earlier mental disorder was 21%, 23%, 20%, 20%, 19%, and 26% for colorectal, pancreatic, gastric, hepatic/biliary, esophageal, and anal cancer, respectively. An increased odds of an earlier mental disorder was associated with pancreatic cancer (odds ratio [OR], 1.17; 95% CI, 1.11–1.23), esophageal cancer (OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.02–1.18), and anal cancer (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.05–1.30) compared with colorectal cancer and with having regional versus local disease (OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.06–1.13). The cumulative incidence of a subsequent mental disorder at 5 years was 19%, 16%, 14%, 13%, 12%, and 10% for patients with anal, colorectal, esophageal, gastric, hepatic/biliary, and pancreatic cancer, respectively. There was an association with having regional disease (hazard ratio [HR], 1.08; 95% CI, 1.04–1.12) or distant disease (HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.28–1.45) compared with local disease and the development of a mental disorder. Although the development of a subsequent mental disorder was more common among patients with advanced cancers, there continued to be a significant number of patients with earlier-stage disease at risk. Conclusions: This study suggests a larger role for incorporating psychiatric symptom screening and management throughout oncologic care.