bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in Extremes of Temperature, Precipitation, and Runoff in California’s Central Valley During 1949–2010
Authors: He Minxue , Russo Mitchel , Anderson Michael , Fickenscher Peter , Whitin Brett , Schwarz Andrew , Lynn Elissa
Published: December 2017

This study presents a comprehensive trend analysis of precipitation, temperature, and runoff extremes in the Central Valley of California from an operational perspective. California is prone to those extremes of which any changes could have long-lasting adverse impacts on the society, economy, and environment of the State. Available long-term operational datasets of 176 forecasting basins in six forecasting groups and inflow to 12 major water supply reservoirs are employed. A suite of nine precipitation indices and nine temperature indices derived from historical (water year 1949–2010) six-hourly precipitation and temperature data for these basins are investigated, along with nine indices based on daily unimpaired inflow to those 12 reservoirs in a slightly shorter period. Those indices include daily maximum precipitation, temperature, runoff, snowmelt, and others that are critical in informing decision making in water resources management. The non-parametric Mann-Kendall trend test is applied with a trend-free pre-whitening procedure in identifying trends in these indices. Changes in empirical probability distributions of individual study indices in two equal sub-periods are also investigated. The results show decreasing number of cold nights, increasing number of warm nights, increasing maximum temperature, and increasing annual mean minimum temperature at about 60% of the study area. Changes in cold extremes are generally more pronounced than their counterparts in warm extremes, contributing to decreasing diurnal temperature ranges. In general, the driest and coldest Tulare forecasting group observes the most consistent changes among all six groups. Analysis of probability distributions of temperature indices in two sub-periods yields similar results. In contrast, changes in precipitation extremes are less consistent spatially and less significant in terms of change rate. Only four indices exhibit statistically significant changes in less than 10% of the study area. On the regional scale, only the American forecasting group shows significant decreasing trends in two indices including maximum six-hourly precipitation and simple daily intensity index. On the other hand, runoff exhibits strong resilience to the changes noticed in temperature and precipitation extremes. Only the most southern reservoir (Lake Isabella) shows significant earlier peak timing of snowmelt. Additional analysis on runoff indices using different trend analysis methods and different analysis periods also indicates limited changes in these runoff indices. Overall, these findings are meaningful in guiding reservoir operations and water resources planning and management practices.
Simulation of Indexing and Clocking with Harmonic Balance
Authors: Frey Christian , Ashcroft Graham , Kersken Hans-Peter , Schönweitz Dirk , Mennicken Maximilian
Published: December 2017

The aim of this paper is to demonstrate how the harmonic balance method can be used to predict rotor–rotor and stator–stator interactions in turbomachinery. These interactions occur in the form of clocking and indexing. Whereas clocking refers to the dependency of the performance on the relative circumferential positioning of the rotors or stators, the term indexing is used when different blade (or vane) counts lead to an aperiodic time-averaged flow. The approach developed here is closely related to the one presented by He, Chen, Wells, Li, and Ning, who generalised the Nonlinear Harmonic method to zero-frequency disturbances. In particular, configurations with only one passage per blade row are used for the simulations. We validate the methods by means of the simulation of a fan stage configuration with rotationally asymmetric inlet conditions. It is demonstrated that the harmonic balance solver is able to accurately predict the inhomogeneity of the time-averaged flow field in the stator row. Moreover, the results show that the approach offers a considerable gain in computational efficiency.
Micromechanical Analysis for Two-Phase Copper-Silver Composites under Large Deformations
Authors: Dodla Srihari
Published: December 2017

This study presents a homogenization based on micromechanics approach for a two-phase copper (Cu)-silver (Ag) composite undergoing finite deformations. In this approach, the high-fidelity generalized method of cells (HFGMC) is implemented for the prediction of the effective behavior of two cold-drawn Cu-Ag composites with different drawing strains and to obtain the field (deformation gradient and stress) distributions in the composite. Both metals (Cu or Ag) are rate-dependent crystal plasticity material constituents. HFGMC is applied for studying the deformation behavior of two-phase Cu-Ag composites under uniaxial compression. The micromechanical approach has been verified by comparison with experimental and finite element simulation results. Results in terms of deformation behavior and field distributions are given for two different cold-drawn composites.
Anticoagulants Influence the Performance of In Vitro Assays Intended for Characterization of Nanotechnology-Based Formulations
Authors: Cedrone Edward , Neun Barry , Rodriguez Jamie , Vermilya Alison , Clogston Jeffrey , McNeil Scott , Barenholz Yechezkel , Szebeni Janos , Dobrovolskaia Marina
Published: December 2017

The preclinical safety assessment of novel nanotechnology-based drug products frequently relies on in vitro assays, especially during the early stages of product development, due to the limited quantities of nanomaterials available for such studies. The majority of immunological tests require donor blood. To enable such tests one has to prevent the blood from coagulating, which is usually achieved by the addition of an anticoagulant into blood collection tubes. Heparin, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), and citrate are the most commonly used anticoagulants. Novel anticoagulants such as hirudin are also available but are not broadly used. Despite the notion that certain anticoagulants may influence assay performance, a systematic comparison between traditional and novel anticoagulants in the in vitro assays intended for immunological characterization of nanotechnology-based formulations is currently not available. We compared hirudin-anticoagulated blood with its traditional counterparts in the standardized immunological assay cascade, and found that the type of anticoagulant did not influence the performance of the hemolysis assay. However, hirudin was more optimal for the complement activation and leukocyte proliferation assays, while traditional anticoagulants citrate and heparin were more appropriate for the coagulation and cytokine secretion assays. The results also suggest that traditional immunological controls such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS ) are not reliable for understanding the role of anticoagulant in the assay performance. We observed differences in the test results between hirudin and traditional anticoagulant-prepared blood for nanomaterials at the time when no such effects were seen with traditional controls. It is, therefore, important to recognize the advantages and limitations of each anticoagulant and consider individual nanoparticles on a case-by-case basis.
Antimicrobial Furoquinoline Alkaloids from Vepris lecomteana (Pierre) Cheek & T. Heller (Rutaceae)
Authors: Kouam Ariane , Bissoue Achille , Tcho Alain , Happi Emmanuel , Waffo Alain , Sewald Norbert , Wansi Jean
Published: December 2017

Three new prenylated furoquinoline alkaloids named lecomtequinoline A (1), B (2), and C (3), together with the known compounds anhydroevoxine (4), evoxine (5), dictamnine (6), N-methylflindersine (7), evoxanthine (8), hesperidin, lupeol, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, stearic acid, and myristyl alcohol, were isolated by bioassay-guided fractionation of the methanolic extracts of leaves and stem of Vepris lecomteana. The structures of compounds were determined by spectroscopic methods (NMR, MS, UV, and IR) and by comparison with previously reported data. Crude extracts of leaves and stem displayed high antimicrobial activity, with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) (values of 10.1–16.5 and 10.2–20.5 µg/mL, respectively, against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas agarici, Micrococcus luteus, and Staphylococcus warneri, while compounds 1–6 showed values ranging from 11.1 to 18.7 µg/mL or were inactive, suggesting synergistic effect. The extracts may find application in crude drug preparations in Western Africa where Vepris lecomteana is endemic, subject to negative toxicity results in vivo.
Effect of Age on Blood Glucose and Plasma Insulin, Glucagon, Ghrelin, CCK, GIP, and GLP-1 Responses to Whey Protein Ingestion
Authors: Giezenaar Caroline , Hutchison Amy , Luscombe-Marsh Natalie , Chapman Ian , Horowitz Michael , Soenen Stijn
Published: December 2017

Protein-rich supplements are used widely to prevent and manage undernutrition in older people. We have previously shown that healthy older, compared to younger, adults have less suppression of energy intake by whey protein—although the effects of age on appetite-related gut hormones are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to determine and compare the acute effects of whey protein loads on blood glucose and plasma gut hormone concentrations in older and younger adults. Sixteen healthy older (eight men, eight women; mean ± SEM: age: 72 ± 1 years; body mass index: 25 ± 1 kg/m2) and 16 younger (eight men, eight women; 24 ± 1 years; 23 ± 0.4 kg/m2) adults were studied on three occasions in which they ingested 30 g (120 kcal) or 70 g (280 kcal) whey protein, or a flavored-water control drink (~2 kcal). At regular intervals over 180 min, blood glucose and plasma insulin, glucagon, ghrelin, cholecystokinin (CCK), gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP), and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) concentrations were measured. Plasma ghrelin was dose-dependently suppressed and insulin, glucagon, CCK, GIP, and GLP-1 concentrations were dose-dependently increased by the whey protein ingestion, while blood glucose concentrations were comparable during all study days. The stimulation of plasma CCK and GIP concentrations was greater in older than younger adults. In conclusion, orally ingested whey protein resulted in load-dependent gut hormone responses, which were greater for plasma CCK and GIP in older compared to younger adults.
Entanglement in Fir: Thinking Matter in Peter Larkin’s “praying // firs \\ attenuate”
Authors: Mason Emma
Published: December 2017

This article reads Peter Larkin’s poem “praying // firs \\ attenuate” (2014) as a way to think the divine in relation to the ecological as a mutual poetic giving. It suggests that the poem entangles the reader in a series of relational imaginings that complicates the modern commodification of the nonhuman and questions a secular fatigue with the divine. Through a Catholic metaphysics in which all things—human, nonhuman, holy—are entangled, Larkin’s religious ecology maps the way to horizons promising that which cannot yet be imagined. In an entangled, layered, rhythmic, and echoing poetic form, Larkin reveals the intimate relationship between plenitude and the attenuated, gift and scarcity.
The Problem of Church’s Defensiveness and Reductionism in Fr. Alexander Schmemann’s Ecclesiology (Based on His Journals)
Authors: Knorre Boris
Published: December 2017

This article analyzes Schmemann’s ecclesiology in the context of his attempt to give an assessment of the Church’s attitude to life; as well as the problem of defensiveness in Orthodoxy; reductionism of ecclesial culture; “rejection” of the world and traditionalistic isolation. The author focuses upon the socio-cultural interpretation given by Schmemann to such important categories of the ecclesial language as “piety,” “humility,” “churchliness,” “spirituality,” etc.; showing that in real life these categories express the isolation and stereotypification of Orthodoxy. In the context of “lived” religion, these categories deliver a protective and reductionist message, justifying a kind of anthropological pessimism, “religion of guilt” and psychological self-closure of a person. The theologian juxtaposes two religious traditions: one based on the defensiveness and the other based on a sense of joy; the feeling of God’s presence and affinity to the Kingdom of Heaven. According to the author, the accents put by Schmemann in his ecclesiology can promote the formation of ethics of laity and a more adequate attitude towards the world in the 21st century Orthodoxy.
The Impact of Lidar Elevation Uncertainty on Mapping Intertidal Habitats on Barrier Islands
Authors: Enwright Nicholas , Wang Lei , Borchert Sinéad , Day Richard , Feher Laura , Osland Michael
Published: December 2017

While airborne lidar data have revolutionized the spatial resolution that elevations can be realized, data limitations are often magnified in coastal settings. Researchers have found that airborne lidar can have a vertical error as high as 60 cm in densely vegetated intertidal areas. The uncertainty of digital elevation models is often left unaddressed; however, in low-relief environments, such as barrier islands, centimeter differences in elevation can affect exposure to physically demanding abiotic conditions, which greatly influence ecosystem structure and function. In this study, we used airborne lidar elevation data, in situ elevation observations, lidar metadata, and tide gauge information to delineate low-lying lands and the intertidal wetlands on Dauphin Island, a barrier island along the coast of Alabama, USA. We compared three different elevation error treatments, which included leaving error untreated and treatments that used Monte Carlo simulations to incorporate elevation vertical uncertainty using general information from lidar metadata and site-specific Real-Time Kinematic Global Position System data, respectively. To aid researchers in instances where limited information is available for error propagation, we conducted a sensitivity test to assess the effect of minor changes to error and bias. Treatment of error with site-specific observations produced the fewest omission errors, although the treatment using the lidar metadata had the most well-balanced results. The percent coverage of intertidal wetlands was increased by up to 80% when treating the vertical error of the digital elevation models. Based on the results from the sensitivity analysis, it could be reasonable to use error and positive bias values from literature for similar environments, conditions, and lidar acquisition characteristics in the event that collection of site-specific data is not feasible and information in the lidar metadata is insufficient. The methodology presented in this study should increase efficiency and enhance results for habitat mapping and analyses in dynamic, low-relief coastal environments.
The Fate of Glyphosate and AMPA in a Freshwater Endorheic Basin: An Ecotoxicological Risk Assessment
Authors: Bonansea Rocío , Filippi Iohanna , Wunderlin Daniel , Marino Damián , Amé María
Published: December 2017

Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide worldwide. However, there are some uncertain aspects with respect to its environmental fate. To evaluate the existence and distribution of this pesticide and its metabolite, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), their presence in fresh water, sediment, and suspended particulate matter (SPM) was measured in samples collected in a river running across a large city and through areas with intensive and extensive agriculture. The aquatic risk associated to the occurrence of these compounds was estimated using the hazard quotient (HQ) calculation for water and sediment. From the analyzed samples, overall 35% contained glyphosate, AMPA, or both compounds. Concentrations of the analytes were spread in different percentages depending on the environmental matrices considered, with levels ranging from 12 to 20 times higher for glyphosate and AMPA in sediment and SPM, as compared with the levels found in water. The most polluted area was situated within a green belt zone of the city; while in second place were sites located in areas of extensive agriculture. Aquatic organisms inhabiting areas both inside and outside agricultural areas are threatened by water glyphosate concentrations. Benthic organisms inside the greenbelt zone and inside the lower basin are threatened by the concentrations of glyphosate in sediment. Even when the concentrations measured in water were below the levels of concern for wildlife, results showed the risk of agricultural practices to aquatic biota. An update of the limits established for freshwater biota protection is needed.
Estimation of Non-Revenue Water Ratio Using MRA and ANN in Water Distribution Networks
Authors: Jang Dongwoo , Choi Gyewoon
Published: December 2017

The non-revenue water (NRW) ratio in water distribution networks is the ratio of losses from unbilled authorized consumption and apparent and real losses to the total water supply. NRW is an important parameter for prioritizing the improvement of a water distribution system and identifying the influencing parameters. Though the method using multiple regression analysis (MRA) is a statistical analysis method for estimating the NRW ratio using the main parameters of a water distribution system, it has disadvantages in that the accuracy is low compared to the measured NRW ratio. In this study, an artificial neural network (ANN) was applied to estimate the NRW ratio to improve assessment accuracy and suggest an efficient methodology to identify related parameters of the NRW ratio. When using an ANN with the optimal number of neurons, the accuracy of estimation was higher than that of conventional statistical methods, as with MRA.
Material discrimination and mixture ratio estimation in nanocomposites via harmonic atomic force microscopy
Authors: Zhang Weijie , Chen Yuhang , Xia Xicheng , Chu Jiaru
Published: December 2017

Harmonic atomic force microscopy (AFM) was employed to discriminate between different materials and to estimate the mixture ratio of the constituent components in nanocomposites. The major influencing factors, namely amplitude feedback set-point, drive frequency and laser spot position along the cantilever beam, were systematically investigated. Employing different set-points induces alternation of tip–sample interaction forces and thus different harmonic responses. The numerical simulations of the cantilever dynamics were well-correlated with the experimental observations. Owing to the deviation of the drive frequency from the fundamental resonance, harmonic amplitude contrast reversal may occur. It was also found that the laser spot position affects the harmonic signal strengths as expected. Based on these investigations, harmonic AFM was employed to identify material components and estimate the mixture ratio in multicomponent materials. The composite samples are composed of different kinds of nanoparticles with almost the same shape and size. Higher harmonic imaging offers better information on the distribution and mixture of different nanoparticles as compared to other techniques, including topography and conventional tapping phase. Therefore, harmonic AFM has potential applications in various fields of nanoscience and nanotechnology.
FORECASTING SURFACE WATER LEVEL FLUCTUATIONS OF LAKE SERWY (NORTHEASTERN POLAND) BY ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS AND MULTIPLE LINEAR REGRESSION
Authors: PIASECKI Adam , JURASZ Jakub , SKOWRON Rajmund
Published: December 2017

The aim of this study is to assess the possibility of forecasting water level fluctuations in a relatively small (<100 km2), post-glacial lake located in a temperate climate zone by means of artificial neural networks and multiple linear regression. The area of study was Lake Serwy, located in northeastern Poland. Two artificial neural network (ANN) multilayer perceptron (MLP) and multiple linear regression (MLR) models were built. The following explanatory variables were considered: maximal and minimal temperature (Tmax, Tmin) wind speed (WS), vertical circulation (VC) and water level from previous periods (WL). Additionally, a binary variable describing the period of the year (winter, summer) has been considered in one of the two MLP and MLR models. The forecasting models have been assessed based on selected criteria: mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), root mean squared error (RMSE), coefficient of determination (R2) and mean biased error. Considering their values and absolute deviations from observed values it was concluded that the ANN model using an additional binary variable (MLP_B+) has the best forecasting performance. Absolute deviations from observed values were the determining factor which made this model the most efficient. In the case of the MLP_B+ model, those values were about 10% lower than in other models. The conducted analyses indicated good performance of ANN networks as a forecasting tool for relatively small lakes located in temperate climate zones. It is acknowledged that they enable water level forecasting with greater precision and lower absolute deviations than the use of multiple linear regression models.
SPATIAL DATA: FROM CARTOGRAPHY TO GEODATABASE
Authors: FALCHI Ugo
Published: December 2017

The final goal of this paper was to fix a brief summary on the status of geographic information in Italy due to the technological steps and national regulations. The acquisition, processing and sharing of spatial data has experienced a significant acceleration thanks to the development of computer technology and the acknowledgment of the need for standardization and homogenization of information held by pub­lic authorities and individuals. The spatial data represents the essential knowledge in the management and development of a territory both in terms of planning for safety and environmental prevention. In Italy there is an enormous heritage of spatial information which is historically affected by a problem of consistency and uniformity, in order to make it often contradictory in its use by the public decision-maker and private par­ties. The recent history of geographic information is characterized by a significant effort aimed at optimiz­ing this decisive technical and cultural heritage allowing the use of it to all citizens in a logic of sharing and re-use and may finally represent a common good available to all.
COMPARATIVE ACCURACY ASSESSMENT OF GLOBAL DTM AND DTM GENERATED FROM SOVIET TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS FOR THE PURPOSES OF ROAD PLANNING
Authors: HUTSUL Taras , SMIRNOV Yaroslav
Published: December 2017

This article analyses the accuracy of global DTM comparatively to the Soviet topographic maps. The main aim of this study is to estimate the possibility of utilising global DTM for the purposes of road planning. In order to reach this aim, three separate territories with mountain, hill and plain topography were chosen. A DEM was generated for those territories from three different scale levels of Soviet topo­graphic maps. The generated DEM rasters where then subtracted from SRTM and ASTER GDEM global DTMs. Results of the subtraction were analysed using statistical methods and verified with ground data. The Possibility of the replacement of DTMs generated from topographic maps by the global DTM data was proven for the different territories. The results obtained could be useful for the road engineers who still use Soviet topographic maps for the purposes of road planning. Also, some of the findings might be interesting for GIS-professionals who frequently use global DTMs.
THE CREATIVE ABILITY OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE / DIRBTINIO INTELEKTO KŪRYBIŠKUMO GEBĖJIMAS
Authors: ELKHOVA Oxana Igorevna , KUDRYASHEV Alexandr Fedorovich
Published: December 2017

The article is devoted to the philosophical analysis of the creative process in systems with artificial intelligence. In this article we aim to highlight the common methodological background modeling of the creative process in systems with artificial intelligence. This process seems to be a purposeful transformation, implying the reflection of any area of reality and construction of a new product. The creative process includes two stages: search and composition. The conclusion is that systems with artificial intelligence cannot yet compete with a person at the pilot stage as they do not have an information database that can be compared with the database of a person’s common sense. The authors argue that there are no insurmountable obstacles to artificial intelligence, in principle, and that it will be able to compete with man in creativity in the future.
First Results on the Cluster Galaxy Population from the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam Survey. III. Brightest Cluster Galaxies, Stellar Mass Distribution, and Active Galaxies
Authors: Lin Yen-Ting , Hsieh Bau-Ching , Lin Sheng-Chieh , Oguri Masamune , Chen Kai-Feng , Tanaka Masayuki , Chiu I-Non , Huang Song , Kodama Tadayuki , Leauthaud Alexie , More Surhud , Nishizawa Atsushi J. , Bundy Kevin , Lin Lihwai , Miyazaki Satoshi
Published: December 2017

The unprecedented depth and area surveyed by the Subaru Strategic Program with the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC-SSP) have enabled us to construct and publish the largest distant cluster sample out to

to date. In this exploratory study of cluster galaxy evolution from z = 1 to z = 0.3, we investigate the stellar mass assembly history of brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs), the evolution of stellar mass and luminosity distributions, the stellar mass surface density profile, as well as the population of radio galaxies. Our analysis is the first high-redshift application of the top N richest cluster selection, which is shown to allow us to trace the cluster galaxy evolution faithfully. Over the 230 deg2 area of the current HSC-SSP footprint, selecting the top 100 clusters in each of the four redshift bins allows us to observe the buildup of galaxy population in descendants of clusters whose

mass is about

. Our stellar mass is derived from a machine-learning algorithm, which is found to be unbiased and accurate with respect to the COSMOS data. We find very mild stellar mass growth in BCGs (about 35% between z = 1 and 0.3), and no evidence for evolution in both the total stellar mass–cluster mass correlation and the shape of the stellar mass surface density profile. We also present the first measurement of the radio luminosity distribution in clusters out to

, and show hints of changes in the dominant accretion mode powering the cluster radio galaxies at

.
The Evolution of the Type Ia Supernova Luminosity Function
Authors: Shen Ken J. , Toonen Silvia , Graur Or
Published: December 2017

Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) exhibit a wide diversity of peak luminosities and light curve shapes: the faintest SNe Ia are 10 times less luminous and evolve more rapidly than the brightest SNe Ia. Their differing characteristics also extend to their stellar age distributions, with fainter SNe Ia preferentially occurring in old stellar populations and vice versa. In this Letter, we quantify this SN Ia luminosity–stellar age connection using data from the Lick Observatory Supernova Search (LOSS). Our binary population synthesis calculations agree qualitatively with the observed trend in the

old populations probed by LOSS if the majority of SNe Ia arise from prompt detonations of sub-Chandrasekhar-mass white dwarfs (WDs) in double WD systems. Under appropriate assumptions, we show that double WD systems with less massive primaries, which yield fainter SNe Ia, interact and explode at older ages than those with more massive primaries. We find that prompt detonations in double WD systems are capable of reproducing the observed evolution of the SN Ia luminosity function, a constraint that any SN Ia progenitor scenario must confront.
Effect of tablets containing probiotic candidate strains on gingival inflammation and composition of the salivary microbiome: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Keller M.K. , Brandsborg E. , Holmstrøm K. , Twetman S.
Published: December 2017

The aim of the study was to investigate clinical and microbial effects of probiotic candidate strains in patients with moderate gingivitis. The null hypothesis was that the clinical measurements with treatment would not differ from placebo. 47 adult patients were enrolled in a randomised placebo-controlled trial with a 4-week intervention of tablets containing a mix of Lactobacillus rhamnosus PB01, DSM 14869 and Lactobacillus curvatus EB10, DSM 32307 or placebo. Clinical examinations and samplings were done at baseline and after 2, 4 and 6 weeks. The clinical endpoints were general bleeding on probing (BOP), general plaque index (PI) and flow of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). In addition, the concentration of selected cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)) in GCF was determined with multiplex immunoassays. The profiles of the salivary microbiome were analysed with Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) and qPCR. In contrast to the placebo group, there was a significant reduction in BOP and amount of GCF (P<0.05) after 4 weeks in the probiotic test group when compared with baseline. The general PI was less affected although there was a tendency of decreased plaque levels in the probiotic group (P=0.05-0.09). The cytokines were unaffected by the intervention as well as the salivary microbiome. The Shannon index showed no significant differences between the groups or alterations over time. The occurrence of both probiotic strains increased in saliva of the test subjects during the intervention but returned to baseline levels within 2 weeks. Although a marked improvement in gingival health was recorded in the probiotic group, the null hypothesis could not be rejected.
Sūrya-Sevana: A Balinese Tantric Practice
Authors: Stephen Michele
Published: December 2017

Traces of Tantric elements in Balinese culture and religion have often been noted by Western scholars, but the prevailing opinion is that such are random and haphazard, rather than systematic. Tantric influences on the role of the pedanda, the Brahmana or high priest, have been occasionally acknowledged, but rarely examined in detail. The daily rituals, surya-sevana, performed by the pedanda siwa, the Śaiva high priest, have been known to Western scholars for nearly fifty years through Hooykaas’ translation and commentary (1966). In this article I argue that when approached from the perspective of more recent understandings of Tantrism, the surya-sevana rituals can be seen to incorporate classic Tantric philosophies, symbols and rituals forming a whole that strikingly resembles the sādhanā of a Tantric adept as known in the South Asian literature. This places Tantric teachings and rituals at the very center of Balinese religious and spiritual authority, challenging the view that such influences are peripheral, consisting merely of scattered and unrelated elements. Once the Tantric elements are recognized for what they are, the surya-sevana rituals emerge as having a clear structure and meaning which, although seemingly unique, are evidently and distinctively Tantric in nature.

Des traces d’éléments tantriques dans la culture balinaise ont été fréquemment relevées par des chercheurs occidentaux, l’opinion dominante étant toutefois que celles-ci sont fortuites et incohérentes, plutôt que systématiques. Les influences tantriques dans le rôle du pedanda, Brahmana ou grand prêtre, ont été reconnues de manière occasionnelle, mais rarement examinées en détail. Les rituels quotidiens, surya-sevana, accomplis par le pedanda siwa, le grand prêtre sivaïte, sont connus des chercheurs étrangers depuis presque cinquante ans grâce à la traduction et au commentaire de Hooykaas (1966). Dans cet article, j’avance qu’en approchant les rituels surya-sevana dans la perspective des connaissances récentes sur le tantrisme, ceux-ci dévoilent l’incorporation de philosophies tantriques classiques, symboles et rituels formant un tout qui ressemble fortement au sādhanā de l’adepte du tantrisme tel qu’il est connu dans la littérature sud-asiatique. Ceci place les enseignements et rituels tantriques au coeur de l’autorité religieuse et spirituelle balinaise, remettant ainsi en cause l’idée selon laquelle de telles influences sont périphériques, consistant simplement en éléments épars et non reliés. Une fois que les éléments tantriques sont reconnus pour ce qu’ils sont, les rituels surya-sevana montrent une structure et une signification claires qui, bien qu’apparemment uniques, sont à l’évidence et distinctement de nature tantrique.
Sultans’ Palaces and Museums in Indonesian Borneo : National Policies, Political Decentralization, Cultural Depatrimonization, Identity Relocalization, 1950-2010
Authors: Sellato Bernard
Published: December 2017

In the context of Indonesia’s nation-building policies of the 1950s, the centralized state abolished the archipelago’s sultanates, large and small, which had been granted special political status by treaties with the Dutch colonial administration. In Kalimantan (Borneo), as elsewhere in the country, sultans’ palaces became property of the state, which after 1970 turned some of them into museums. These second-generation museums housed permanent exhibits of a national and educational nature, along with others of local historical and cultural significance. Decentralization policies implemented after to the fall of President Soeharto in 1998 devolved much political and economic autonomy to the regions, and a number of offspring of sultans managed to reinstate themselves to the throne of their forebears, and now claim the reversion of their property and endeavor to restore their focal position in the regions’ bubblier, more localized cultural and political life. The last decade witnessed the advent of a third generation of museums, initiated by various local stake holders and/or run by regional governments.
The Name of Sabah and the Sustaining of a New Identity in a New Nation
Authors: Ken Danny Wong Tze
Published: December 2017

When North Borneo achieved its independence through Malaysia on 16 September 1963, it changed its name to Sabah. The change of name was proposed as it was thought that the name was the original name of the state prior to western colonialisation. However, the origin of the name Sabah was not popularly known and the provenance of the name continues to be discussed even until present day. Yet, when the name was introduced in 1963, it was embraced by the people of the state whole-heartedly, and without opposition. It also provided the people of the state a new identity, an identity which they became proud of. The paper will examine the many ideas proposed earlier behind the name of Sabah by examining various evidence. The paper will also trace the evolution of the use of the name over the past 130 years beginning with the Chartered Company era from 1881 to 1942 during which the use of the name was discouraged. The Japanese used another name for the state. It was during the Colonial Era starting 1946 that the term was gradually reintroduced, first, by some quarters in the colonial administration which saw the need to provide the locals with a rallying name, as part of the preparation for eventual self-government. The name was also actively promoted by a rising local leader, Donald Stephens, who believed that the name is the original name of the state. The final part of the paper looks at how the name has inspired new local/state identity within the new nation of Malaysia.

Au moment où North Borneo devient indépendant en intégrant la Malaisie le 16 septembre 1963, le territoire change son nom pour devenir Sabah. Ce changement de nom reposait sur l’idée que Sabah était le nom de l’Etat avant la colonisation occidentale. Cependant, son origine n’était pas largement connue et elle continue d’être discutée aujourd’hui. Néanmoins, lors de l’introduction du nom en 1963, il est adopté avec enthousiasme et sans opposition par les habitants de l’État. Il leur procure alors une identité nouvelle, identité dont ils deviendront fiers. Cet article vise à examiner les nombreuses idées avancées jusque là à propos du nom de Sabah à travers diverses sources. Il retrace également l’évolution de l’usage du nom durant les 130 dernières années, à partir de la période de la Chartered Company (1881-1942) durant laquelle cet usage est déconseillé. Quant aux Japonais, ils utilisent un autre nom. C’est durant la période coloniale, à partir de 1946, que le terme est réintroduit progressivement, tout d’abord par certains milieux dans l’administration coloniale qui ressentent le besoin de procurer un nom rassembleur aux habitants, en préambule à l’autonomie politique. Le nom est également activement promu par Donald Stephens, un leader local en pleine ascension, qui est persuadé qu’il s’agit du nom originel de l’Etat. La dernière partie de la contribution s’intéresse à la façon dont le nom a inspiré une nouvelle identité locale/étatique dans le cadre de la nouvelle nation de Malaisie.
Practical Use and Effects of Scope Reductions in the Form of Reduction Lists
Authors: Økland Andreas , Olsson Nils O. E.
Published: December 2017

Scope management in the form of reduction lists was integrated in the quality assurance scheme for Norwegian public projects in 2001. This article presents findings on the actual use of reduction lists for major public construction projects Project representatives were contacted to obtain information about the actual use of pre-defined potential scope reductions. Eight of the 14 studied projects did not implement any of the predefined reductions. Six projects implemented some of the reductions. The scope reductions on the reduction lists are very specific and detailed, unlike general theory on scope management and cost control. However, the findings from the study are in line with the general theory; it was the most general scope and cost reductions that where used in practice. The study subsequently looked into the relationship between scope reductions and sustainability. Although the most frequently observed reduction was of the category “reduced quality or functionality”, sustainability was rarely affected with the notable exception of the railway infrastructure projects.
Methodological Considerations for Research in Compensation Management
Authors: Sarkar Jeeta
Published: December 2017

Compensation and Benefits continues to be the most researched field with more than thousand academic studies. Given the extensive research on Compensation in academia, there has been evolution in approaches to explore and keep pace with recent trends along with research methodology and technology. As a Research Scholar, I began to realize that while dominant literature on Compensation and Benefits favoured quantitative research to study its impact on organizational outcomes such as performance, turnover, job satisfaction, commitment, etc., both qualitative and quantitative research are needed to be able to study and explore unexplored areas of the said field. The book chapter will elaborate the specific applications of qualitative and quantitative statistical applications in Compensation Research with relevant basic examples. I am hopeful that the book chapter will be of use to academics, researchers and students focusing their studies and research on Compensation and Benefits.
Organizational Well-Being
Authors: Sahoo Kalpana
Published: December 2017

The aim of this paper is two aspects: to provide an overview of organizational wellbeing (OW) research; to present a new model of OW focusing on successful outcomes and its operationalization of the construct and the recommendations for future. A summary literature review of the OW literature, focusing on organizational well-being and its possible consequences. The literature is used to develop and propose a new model of OW and its success indicators. Testable relationships are proposed between these indicators. The research model has not been tested empirically. It is an external representation, is a new and untested concept in the OW literature. The paper provides a model that leaders, managers and newcomers may find useful to successfully establish the OW process. The model proposed is novel and raises the important issue of appropriate OW success indicators. New propositions are made regarding relationships between antecedents and output variables.
Infection materno-fœtale humaine par Chlamydia psittaci transmise par la chèvre : une nouvelle zoonose ?
Authors: Bonneau Dominique , Berthier Michel , Malo Nicole , Magnin Guillaume , Bonneau Christian
Published: December 2017

Nous rapportons le cas d’une femme dont la grossesse s’est spontanément interrompue à 32 semaines d’aménorrhée en raison d’une infection très sévère par Chlamydia psittaci. Cette infection est secondaire à un contact avec un troupeau de chèvres.

Neuf cas d’infection materno-fœtale par Chlamydia psittaci d’origine animale sont décrits dans la littérature, il s’agit toujours d’une contamination par les brebis atteintes de chlamydiose abortive.

La chèvre peut également être infectée par ce germe, mais la transmission à la femme enceinte de la chlamydiose abortive caprine n’a pas été décrit jusqu’à présent.
Valve Guide Information Report
Authors:   Metals Technical Committee
Published: December 2017

This SAE Information Report provides:

a

Types of valve guides and their nomenclature

b

Valve guide alloy designations and their chemistries

c

Valve guide alloy metallurgy

d

Typical mechanical and physical properties of guide alloys

e

Typical dimensional tolerances of valve guides and their counterbores

f

Recommended interference fits

g

Installation procedures

h

Application considerations
Automotive Brake Noise and Vibration Standard Nomenclature
Authors:   Brake NVH Standards Committee
Published: December 2017

This document defines various vehicular noises and vibrations that are attributed to being created by the foundation brake components of the vehicle, particularly on passenger cars and light trucks. These definitions cover both disc and drum brakes. The frequency ranges from near zero Hz (tactile sensations) all the way up to 17 kHz, or the upper limit of normal hearing. These noises and vibrations may either directly radiate off the brake system or provide the excitation energy that causes other vehicle components to react.
A Classificação de Livros de William Torrey Harris: influências de Bacon e Hegel nas classificações de biblioteca
Authors: Sales Rodrigo de
Published: December 2017

Os estudos das classificações de biblioteca comumente dialogam com a contextualização de abordagem histórica e com as ideias classificatórias próprias da Filosofia. No século XIX, o filósofo e educador norte-americano William Torrey Harris desenvolveu uma classificação de livros para a Escola Pública de St. Louis, que trouxe em seu cerne influências tanto de Francis Bacon como de Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel. O objetivo do presente ensaio é analisar a classificação de Harris, refletindo acerca de suas bases teórica e filosófica. Para tanto, adotou-se um olhar crítico-descritivo para a realização da análise. Como resultado, foi possível apresentar algumas influências de Bacon e de Hegel na classificação Harris.
Abordagens contemporâneas sobre avaliação em Arquivologia e Ciência da Informação: macroavaliação, avaliação do fluxo informacional e modelo indício-evidência-prova
Authors: Ferreira Lisiane Braga , Rockembach Moisés
Published: December 2017

Aborda o tema avaliação da informação em Arquivologia e Ciência da Informação, que sofre influências por um cenário atual em que passamos a conviver com o paradigma pós-custodial. Contextualizamos o surgimento da avaliação enquanto prática arquivística e a transição de um novo paradigma. Destacamos a emergência de três fenômenos, a partir da consciência de anomalias existentes nas teorias sobre avaliação da informação/documentação: o primeiro relacionado á análise do contexto da produção documental, utilizando para isto de uma abordagem pós-moderna; um segundo fenômeno relacionado á análise do fluxo informacional e uma abordagem da Ciência da Informação inter e transdisciplinar e, por fim, um terceiro fenômeno relacionado á análise conceitual da informação como valor de prova, enquanto discurso emancipador da Arquivologia como campo disciplinar e uma abordagem a partir de um Modelo Indício-Evidência-Prova. Pesquisa exploratória com abordagem teórica, predominantemente qualitativa, envolvendo analisar a produção bibliográfica nacional e internacional sobre o tema. Concluímos com a importância da pesquisa na área, destacando a pouca literatura sobre o tema com o viés pós-custodial e possibilidade de suscitar novos questionamentos que podem quebrar o status quo estabelecido na avaliação em Arquivologia, levando a discutir o papel das Instituições e do profissional frente às tecnologias.
Análise da extração de descritores como sintagmas nominais através do software OGMA
Authors: Corrêa Renato Fernandes , Bazílio Luiz Henrique Teixeira
Published: December 2017

Analisa a indexação automática por sintagmas nominais de documentos compostos por título e resumo de 30 teses e dissertações escritas em português de três áreas do conhecimento diferentes. O método de pesquisa é categorizado como exploratório, com base em revisão de literatura e experimento computacional. O experimento consistiu na análise da saída do software OGMA quando aplicado ao corpus de documentos e a mensuração do nível de revocação das palavras-chaves. Durante a análise, foram observadas quais palavras-chave indicadas pelos autores estavam nos documentos e a partir daí observou-se quais palavras-chave presentes nos documentos foram extraídas ou não como sintagmas nominais pelo software. Foi traçado um perfil descritivo das sequências ou padrões de etiquetas gramaticais de cada grupo de palavras-chaves presentes extraídas e não extraídas como sintagmas nominais. Conclui-se que da totalidade de palavras-chaves informadas pelos autores 68% se encontravam no título ou resumo da tese ou dissertação, destas 66% foram extraídas como sintagmas nominais, correspondendo ao nível de revocação de palavras-chaves presentes alcançado pelo software OGMA. As palavras-chaves presentes e não extraídas na grande maioria apresentavam substantivos ou adjetivos etiquetados com classe gramatical errada pelo software, e por isso não foram extraídas. As palavras-chaves presentes e extraídas eram na maioria substantivos isolados (30%), substantivos seguidos de adjetivo (28%) e substantivo seguido de preposição e substantivo (19%). O nível de revocação das palavras-chaves presentes pode ser aumentado significantemente com ajustes no etiquetador gramatical do OGMA.
Resenha de El azar de las fronteras: Políticas migratórias, justicia y ciudadanía de J. C. Velasco
Authors: Ventura Raissa Wihby
Published: December 2017

Resenha de "El azar de las fronteras: Políticas migratórias, justicia y ciudadanía" de Juan Carlos Velasco.
A educação como eixo da modernização do Brasil nos anos 1930: a disputa de ideias entre Nacionalistas, Igreja Católica e Escola Nova
Authors: Gumiero Rafael Gonçalves , Zambello Aline Vanessa
Published: December 2017

Nos anos 1930, a ideia do atraso no Brasil esteve condicionada pelo mimetismo cultural, e a saída proposta pelas escolas Nacionalista, Católica e Escola Nova foi o projeto de educação como suporte para formação do ethos nacional por intermédio da cultura. A disputa de ideias entre os projetos de educação destas escolas reverberou do campo simbólico para o institucional, pela  normatização do projeto de educação no Ministério da Educação e Saúde, do governo Vargas. O objetivo deste artigo atende a dois movimentos: o primeiro buscar compreender o diagnóstico do atraso e prognóstico dele por intermédio da interpretação de Fernando de Azevedo, pela análise das suas obras A Cultura Brasileira e Novos Caminhos e Novos Fins; o segundo movimento, em que medida o Ministério Capanema adotou diretrizes apontadas nos três projetos em disputa para a formulação do Plano Nacional da Educação