bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A 440-Year Reconstruction of Heavy Precipitation in California from Blue Oak Tree Rings
Authors: Howard Ian M. , Stahle David W. , Dettinger Michael D. , Poulsen Cody , Ralph F. Martin , Torbenson Max C. A. , Gershunov Alexander
Published: January 2023

The variability of water year precipitation and selected blue oak tree-ring chronologies in California are both dominated by heavy precipitation delivered during just a few days each year. These heavy precipitation events can spell the difference between surplus or deficit water supply and elevated flood risk. Some blue oak chronologies are highly correlated with water year precipitation (r = 0.84) but are equally well correlated (r = 0.82) with heavy precipitation totals ≥25.4 mm (1 in., ≈95th percentile of daily totals, 1949–2004). The blue oak correlation with nonheavy daily totals is much weaker (<25.4 mm; r = 0.55). Consequently, some blue oak chronologies represent selective proxies for the temporal and spatial variability of heavy precipitation totals and are used to reconstruct the amount and number of days with heavy precipitation in northern California from 1582 to 2021. Instrumental and reconstructed heavy precipitation totals are strongly correlated with gridded atmospheric river–related precipitation over the western United States, especially in central California. Spectral analysis indicates that instrumental heavy precipitation totals may be dominated by high-frequency variability and the nonheavy totals by low-frequency variance. The reconstruction of heavy precipitation is coherent with instrumental heavy totals across the frequency domain and include concentrations of variance at ENSO and biennial frequencies. Return period analyses calculated using instrumental heavy precipitation totals are representative of the return periods in the blue oak reconstruction despite the large differences in series length. Decadal surges in the amount, frequency, and interannual volatility of heavy precipitation totals are reconstructed, likely reflecting episodes of elevated atmospheric river activity in the past.

Significance Statement

Tree-ring chronologies of blue oak are highly correlated with precipitation delivered to northern California during just the heaviest days of precipitation each year. The reconstruction of heavy precipitation indicates decadal episodes with a high frequency of extreme precipitation. These episodes of frequent heavy precipitation likely arose because of elevated atmospheric river activity and are relevant to the analysis of water supply and flood hazard in California.
How Can the Trust-Change Direction be Measured and Identified During Takeover Transitions in Conditionally Automated Driving? Using Physiological Responses and Takeover-Related Factors
Authors: Yi Binlin , Cao Haotian , Song Xiaolin , Wang Jianqiang , Zhao Song , Guo Wenfeng , Cao Dongpu
Published: January 2023

Objective

This paper proposes an objective method to measure and identify trust-change directions during takeover transitions (TTs) in conditionally automated vehicles (AVs).

Background

Takeover requests (TORs) will be recurring events in conditionally automated driving that could undermine trust, and then lead to inappropriate reliance on conditionally AVs, such as misuse and disuse.

Method

34 drivers engaged in the non-driving-related task were involved in a sequence of takeover events in a driving simulator. The relationships and effects between drivers’ physiological responses, takeover-related factors, and trust-change directions during TTs were explored by the combination of an unsupervised learning algorithm and statistical analyses. Furthermore, different typical machine learning methods were applied to establish recognition models of trust-change directions during TTs based on takeover-related factors and physiological parameters.

Result

Combining the change values in the subjective trust rating and monitoring behavior before and after takeover can reliably measure trust-change directions during TTs. The statistical analysis results showed that physiological parameters (i.e., skin conductance and heart rate) during TTs are negatively linked with the trust-change directions. And drivers were more likely to increase trust during TTs when they were in longer TOR lead time, with more takeover frequencies, and dealing with the stationary vehicle scenario. More importantly, the F1-score of the random forest (RF) model is nearly 77.3%.

Conclusion

The features investigated and the RF model developed can identify trust-change directions during TTs accurately.

Application

Those findings can provide additional support for developing trust monitoring systems to mitigate both drivers’ overtrust and undertrust in conditionally AVs.
Local Ceasefires and De-escalation: Evidence From the Syrian Civil War
Authors: Lundgren Magnus , Svensson Isak , Karakus Dogukan Cansin
Published: January 2023

Local ceasefire agreements are prevalent in modern civil wars, but we know little about their impact. This study analyzes geo-referenced data on 145 local ceasefire agreements declared during the Syrian Civil War, 2011-2019, exploring their short- and long-term effects on the intensity of armed violence. Drawing on scholarship on gradual confidence-building processes, we theorize the conditions under which local ceasefire agreements may generate trust and reduce conflict intensity. Using interrupted time-series analysis and spatial panel regression, we examine factors relating to the design and strategic context of ceasefire agreements. We find that local ceasefire agreements can trigger both escalation and de-escalation in the short term. De-escalatory outcomes are more likely in the long-term, when ceasefire signatories share a history of previous interaction, and when ceasefires are implemented in a stepwise fashion. We also find evidence of spatial diffusion: local ceasefire agreements in one area reduce conflict intensity in neighboring areas.
Unmet Healthcare Needs and Related Factors Among Immigrants: A Cross-Sectional Secondary Analysis of 2019 Korea Community Health Survey Data
Authors: Park SookKyoung , Kim Hye Young , Lee Young-Me
Published: January 2023

Immigrants in Korea face numerous difficulties in seeking medical services due to language and cultural differences. Providing medical services to them could be beyond the institutional capacity of the host country owing to factors such as, physical and psychological problems, social unrest, language barriers, and problems adapting to unfamiliar environments. According to Andersen’s health service use behavioral model, we used a multifaceted approach to explore the factors influencing the unmet healthcare needs of immigrants in Korea from the Korean health system. This cross-sectional secondary analysis study used data from the 2019 Korea Community Health Survey of 3524 immigrants. Their unmet healthcare needs were calculated using a complex, weighted sample design. Group differences in categorical variables were analyzed using the Rao-Scott chi-square test. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the association between unmet healthcare needs and ageing factors. Overall, 262 (7.4%) of surveyed immigrants experienced unmet healthcare needs. Factors influencing unmet healthcare needs were being a woman (OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.03-1.94), national primary livelihood security receiver (OR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.29-1.68), stress (OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.26-1.45), perceived health status (poor: OR = 2.35, 95% CI = 1.58-3.52), and perceived health status (moderate: OR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.18-2.20). Policymakers could focus on these predictors when formulating policy strategies to reduce unmet health care needs. In addition, by effectively delivering services that meet the unmet healthcare needs of immigrants, their right to health is protected.
Shared Perceptions of Fatigue Management in Workgroups: A Cross-Level Moderator of the Negative Impact of Work Spillover on Custodial Officer Outcomes
Authors: Way Kïrsten A. , Jimmieson Nerina L. , Manchha Asmita , D’allura Louise
Published: January 2023

Custodial officers perform unique and challenging work tasks making it a profession with predictable work-to-home spillover. Drawing on Spillover and Safety Climate theories, we hypothesized that work-to-home spillover would be associated with higher psychological distress, sleep disturbance, binge drinking, and commuting incidents, and that these individual-level effects would be buffered in workgroups with a shared perception that fatigue was managed well. Using a mixed-methods design, multilevel quantitative data (498 employees nested in 72 workgroups across 12 Australian prisons) and qualitative data (from 63 structured interviews) were collected. Results supported predicted main effects for psychological distress, sleep disturbance, and commuting incidents, and a cross-level buffering effect on the positive relationship between custodial work spillover and psychological distress that occurs when workgroups perceive their organization is managing fatigue well. We found qualitative support for relationships via the emergence of six themes including how custodial officers experience a collective sense of fatigue management.
Rapid desensitization through immunoadsorption during cardiopulmonary bypass. A novel method to facilitate human leukocyte antigen incompatible heart transplantation
Authors: Issitt Richard W , Cudworth Eamonn , Cortina-Borja Mario , Gupta Arun , Kallon Delordson , Crook Richard , Shaw Michael , Robertson Alex , Tsang Victor T , Henwood Sophie , Muthurangu Vivek , Sebire Neil J , Burch Michael , Fenton Matthew
Published: January 2023

Background

Anti-human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-antibody production represents a major barrier to heart transplantation, limiting recipient compatibility with potential donors and increasing the risk of complications with poor waiting-list outcomes. Currently there is no consensus to when desensitization should take place, and through what mechanism, meaning that sensitized patients must wait for a compatible donor for many months, if not years. We aimed to determine if intraoperative immunoadsorption could provide a potential desensitization methodology.

Methods

Anti-HLA antibody-containing whole blood was added to a Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) circuit set up to mimic a 20 kg patient undergoing heart transplantation. Plasma was separated and diverted to a standalone, secondary immunoadsorption system, with antibody-depleted plasma returned to the CPB circuit. Samples for anti-HLA antibody definition were taken at baseline, when combined with the CPB prime (on bypass), and then every 20 min for the duration of treatment (total 180 min).

Results

A reduction in individual allele median fluorescence intensity (MFI) to below clinically relevant levels (<1000 MFI), and in the majority of cases below the lower positive detection limit (<500 MFI), even in alleles with a baseline MFI >4000 was demonstrated. Reduction occurred in all cases within 120 min, demonstrating efficacy in a time period usual for heart transplantation. Flowcytometric crossmatching of suitable pseudo-donor lymphocytes demonstrated a change from T cell and B cell positive channel shifts to negative, demonstrating a reduction in binding capacity.

Conclusions

Intraoperative immunoadsorption in an ex vivo setting demonstrates clinically relevant reductions in anti-HLA antibodies within the normal timeframe for heart transplantation. This method represents a potential desensitization technique that could enable sensitized children to accept a donor organ earlier, even in the presence of donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies.
Reexploring Female Pathways to Incarceration: Assessing the Role of Mental Illness
Authors: King Sarah E. , Smith Hayden P.
Published: January 2023

The pathways framework represents an emerging body of work that emphasizes gendered-based influences on crime and incarceration. To date, studies on female pathways often minimize or exclude the role of mental illness. The current study employs Life Course Theory and the use of Life History Calendar to examine the pathways of a sample of 15 female prison inmates diagnosed with serious and persistent mental health conditions. Findings indicate that mental illness carried criminogenic risk throughout the life course, with crucial transitions of risk leading these women toward long term incarceration. Self-reported pathways included repeated victimization, substance use, psychological trauma, delinquency, and/or crime. This study suggests that the pathway framework would benefit from the increased recognition of the role of mental illness on female criminality. Trauma-informed policy implications are provided and discussed.
Changes in Elbow Stress and Ball Velocity During Reduced Effort Pitching: A Marker-Based Motion Capture Analysis
Authors: Fiegen Anthony P. , Nezlek Stuart P. , Loushin Stacy R. , Christoffer Dan , Verhoeven Martijn , Kaufman Kenton R. , Camp Christopher L.
Published: January 2023

Background:

Baseball pitchers often participate in throwing programs that involve throwing at reduced effort levels to gradually increase the amount of stress experienced across the elbow. It is currently unknown how reduced effort pitching compares with maximum effort with respect to elbow stress and ball velocity.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose was to determine the correlation between elbow stress and ball velocity with reduced effort pitching. We hypothesized that decreased perceived effort would disproportionately correlate with elbow stress and ball velocity.

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

Ten healthy male high school baseball pitchers threw 5 pitches from a regulation pitching mound at 3 effort levels: maximum effort, 75% effort, and 50% effort. Elbow stress, specifically elbow varus torque, was calculated for all pitches using a validated marker-based 3-dimensional motion capture system. Ball velocity was measured using a Doppler radar gun. Intrathrower variability was calculated for each effort level.

Results:

Elbow stress and ball velocity decreased with reduced effort throws ( P < .001 and P = .003, respectively). However, the reductions in elbow stress and ball velocity were not proportional. At 75% effort throws, elbow stress measured 81% (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC], 0.95), and ball velocity measured 90% (ICC, 0.80) of maximum, respectively. At 50% effort throws, elbow stress measured 75% (ICC, 0.93), and ball velocity measured 85% (ICC, 0.87) of maximum. Intrathrower reliability was excellent for elbow stress and ball velocity, with all ICCs ≥0.80.

Conclusion:

Pitching at a reduced effort level resulted in decreased elbow stress and ball velocity. However, for every 25% reduction in perceived effort, elbow stress decreased by a mean 13%, and ball velocity decreased 7.5%. When baseball pitchers attempt to throw at a reduced effort of maximum, throwing metrics do not decrease proportionately.

Clinical Relevance:

While pitching at a reduced effort of maximum decreases elbow stress and ball velocity, the decrease is not proportional, subjecting the elbow to more stress than intended. This has significant clinical importance to pitchers, coaches, and medical professionals in the setting of injury prevention and return to sports.
Basic fibroblast growth factor gel preparation induces angiogenesis during wound healing
Authors: Li Lanfang , Ma Qiuxiao , Mou Junyu , Wang Min , Ye Jingxue , Sun Guibo
Published: January 2023

Purpose:

This study aimed to observe the effect of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) gel preparation on wound repair in a full-thickness skin defect rat model and to further explore its mechanism.

Methods:

The full-thickness skin defect model of Wistar rats was created with circular wounds of 20 mm or 10 mm in diameter on both sides of the spine. The animals were divided into the normal, model, control gel, and bFGF gel groups (300 IU/cm2). The effects of the bFGF gel on wound healing were evaluated and compared. Optical coherence tomography (OCT)-based angiography (OCTA) was used to investigate the effects of bFGF on angiogenesis during wound healing. Western blotting, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were used to detect the effect of the gel preparation on the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP2 and MMP9) on the wound surface to explore the mechanism.

Results:

The bFGF gel significantly reduced wound area, promoted the formation of wound granulation tissue, and accelerated wound healing in the bFGF gel group on days 7 and 14, compared with the control gel group. OCTA results showed that bFGF significantly improved wound vascular density, diameter, and circumference. Western blot, PCR, and ELISA results showed that the gel preparation could promote the expression levels of MMP2, MMP9, and VEGF on the wound surface 7 and 14 days after injury.

Conclusion:

bFGF promotes angiogenesis in wound areas. Topical gel preparations of bFGF can be developed for use in wound repair.
How Is Variety in Daily Life Related to the Expression of Personality States? An Ambulatory Assessment Study
Authors: Lindner Stefanie , Stieger Mirjam , Rüegger Dominik , Kowatsch Tobias , Flückiger Christoph , Mehl Matthias R. , Allemand Mathias
Published: January 2023

People differ in the way they live their daily lives. For some people, daily life is characterized by multiple and diverse experiences, while others have more stability and routine in their lives. However, little is known about how variety in daily life relates to the expression of personality states. The present study examined within-person associations between variety in social partners, places, and activities with state expression. Data came from an ambulatory assessment study ( N = 962, Mage = 25.49) with four assessments per day over a period of six consecutive days. The results of the multilevel modeling analyses suggest that variety in daily life is associated with some, but not all, state expressions. For instance, on days when participants experienced a greater variety in activities, they reported being less neurotic and conscientious, but also more agreeable. In addition, the links between all social partners, places, and activities with the expression of the state were examined simultaneously to obtain more detailed information on the multifaceted nature of situation-state expression links. We conclude that variety in daily life has both theoretical and empirical relevance for the expression of personality states.
A History of ARNOVA at Fifty
Authors: Bushouse Brenda K. , Witkowski Gregory R. , Abramson Alan J.
Published: January 2023

To mark the 50th anniversary of the Association for Research on Nonprofit Organizations and Voluntary Action (ARNOVA), this article reviews the association’s history, from its 1971 founding by a small group of scholars interested in voluntary action to the current association of more than 1,000 members who study a broad range of nonprofit, civil society, voluntary action, and philanthropic topics. To inform the history, we recorded oral histories and reviewed the ARNOVA collection of historical records at the Ruth Lilly Archives and internal files provided by ARNOVA. Our article is divided into three important junctures of change: 1971–1989, the founding period; 1990–2006, the golden era of philanthropic support; and 2007–2020, a maturing field and strategic directions. Through our analysis, we identify recurring themes and tensions and how ARNOVA navigated through a changing environment and growing field. We conclude the article with forward-looking questions.
Co-design of active vibration control and optimal sensor and actuator placement for a flexible wing using reinforcement learning
Authors: He Tianyi , Su Weihua
Published: January 2023

This paper presents applying reinforcement learning to find the optimal sensor/actuator placement (OSAP) policy and optimal control for the flexible wing. The “co-design” objective is to find the OSAP and its associate controller to render the optimal closed-loop performance. The nonlinear vibration dynamics of the flexible wing are modeled in the linear parameter varying (LPV) approach so that LPV- H ∞ controllers can be designed. The co-design problem is formulated into mixed-integer semi-definite programming (MISDP). As a special form of combinatorial optimization, MIDSP solves integer optimization for sensor/actuator selection and convex optimization for controller design. A modified reinforcement learning algorithm is applied to solve this NP-hard optimization problem and obtain a converged solution. In addition, RL is compared with the greedy algorithm and genetic algorithm to demonstrate its strengths and drawbacks in solving high-dimensional MISDP. The solutions obtained by RL and the greedy algorithm are verified and compared in the high-fidelity simulation with the full-order model.
A wavelet-based model of trade openness with ecological footprint in the MINT economies
Authors: Adebayo Tomiwa Sunday , Sevinç Haktan , Sevinç Demet Eroğlu , Ojekemi Opeoluwa Seun , Kirikkaleli Dervis
Published: January 2023

The acceleration of ecological footprint and trade openness are two major hot subjects that have received much attention in recent years. Thus, the current study evaluates the interrelationship between ecological footprint and trade openness in Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Turkey (MINT) nations. The study utilized time series and panel analysis between 1961 and 2018. The research provides thorough information regarding this relationship for various time and frequency sub-periods by employing the partial wavelet, wavelet coherence, and multiple wavelet coherence techniques. The results from the wavelet coherence show that in the short and medium term, there is significant co-movement between ecological footprint and trade openness for Mexico and Indonesia, with trade openness driving ecological footprint positively at high and medium frequencies. Moreover, at all frequencies, trade openness drives ecological footprint positively for Nigeria and Turkey. The study validates that trade openness leads to the ecological footprint hypothesis in each nation. Furthermore, the multiple and partial wavelet coherence undoubtedly strengthens the occurrences spotted through the wavelet coherence in each nation. Based on these findings, policy recommendations are put forward.
Impacts of Learning One’s Own Genetic Susceptibility to Mental Disorders
Authors: Ahn Woo-kyoung , Perricone Annalise M.
Published: January 2023

Genomic research is rapidly advancing, and personalized genetic risk information about various mental disorders is likely to become readily available for many individuals. Although genetic profiling is intended to improve individually tailored treatments, knowing one’s genetic risks or lack thereof can have unintended consequences. Upon learning that they have elevated genetic risks for a mental disorder (e.g., depression), people may become more pessimistic about their prognosis and misremember their symptoms as being more serious because they misconceive genes as immutable and defining of their identity. Upon learning that they are not genetically predisposed to a mental disorder (e.g., alcohol use disorder), people may underplay the downstream ramifications of the symptoms even when they are currently experiencing those symptoms. Possible interventions to counteract these problems and suggestions for future research are also discussed.
Nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism in a kitten, supported by immunoenzymatic measurement of feline intact parathyroid hormone
Authors: Zambarbieri Jari , Fusi Eleonora , Bassi Jessica , Scarpa Paola
Published: January 2023

A 6-mo-old, intact male, domestic shorthair cat was referred with a history of poor growth, reluctance to move, and deformation of the nasal profile. The kitten had been fed a diet composed almost exclusively of a complementary pet food and tuna, which was similar to an all-meat diet. We detected osteopenia and hypocalcemia associated with severe parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitriol increases; we measured PTH concentrations with an immunoenzymatic method that has been validated in cats. Dietary correction, consisting of a complete and balanced wet pet food formulated for growth, resulted in normalization of calcium and PTH concentrations within 2 mo.
Detection of Tritrichomonas foetus by RT-rtPCR in pooled bovine preputial washings
Authors: Schroeder Megan E. , Meza Denisse , Shah Rohan , Leyva-Baca Ivan , Conrad Rick , Ferro Pamela J.
Published: January 2023

Trichomonosis is a venereal disease of cattle caused by the protozoan Tritrichomonas foetus. T. foetus infection in cattle herds can be economically costly for cattle producers; therefore, testing is important for detection of the agent. Given that bulls are considered to be subclinical carriers of T. foetus, it is important to detect T. foetus infection prior to movement and/or breeding season. We have described previously the development of an updated set of PCR primers and probes that offer increased sensitivity of T. foetus detection in preputial washings collected in PBS by utilizing reverse-transcription real-time PCR (RT-rtPCR) that targets the 5.8S ribosomal RNA of the T. foetus organism. Here, we report improvements in the updated RT-rtPCR reagents as well as the evaluation of testing of pooled preputial washings. We found that up to 5 preputial washings can be pooled, similar to routine testing practices (InPouch culture), without reducing the sensitivity of detection of T. foetus.
Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate in Ring Chromosome 7 Syndrome: A Case Report and Review of Clinical Characteristics
Authors: Bangun Kristaninta , Kreshanti Prasetyanugraheni , Tania Vika , Ariani Aswin Yulia , Menna Clara , Aurino Leorca
Published: January 2023

This report presents a case of ring chromosome 7 syndrome with bilateral cleft lip and palate. A four-year-old boy presented with bilateral cleft lip and palate, microcephaly, clenched toes, cafe-au-lait spots, a history of epilepsy, and severe intellectual disability. Genetic karyotyping revealed 46 XY r(7) (p22q36). His cheiloplasty and delayed palatoplasty were successful. A review of 22 previous r(7) patients revealed that 22.7% had cleft lip and/or palate. This case demonstrates the importance of a multidisciplinary evaluation for cleft patients, particularly those with syndromic features and global developmental delay.
Construction and Validation of a Novel Immune-Related Gene Pairs-Based Prognostic Model in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Liu Yafeng , Zhou Jiawei , Wu Jing , Zhang Xin , Guo Jianqiang , Xing Yingru , Xie Jun , Bai Ying , Hu Dong
Published: January 2023

Object

Focus on immune-related gene pairs (IRGPs) and develop a prognostic model to predict the prognosis of patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD).

Methods

First, the LUAD patient dataset was downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas database, and paired analysis of immune-related genes was subsequently conducted. Then, LASSO regression was used to screen prognostic IRGPs for building a risk prediction model. Meanwhile, the Gene Expression Omnibus database was used for external validation of the model. Next, the clinical predictive power of IRGPs features was assessed by uni-multivariate Cox regression analysis, the infiltration of key immune cells in high and low IRGPs risk groups was analyzed with CIBERSORT, quanTIseq, and Timer, and the key pathways enriched for IRGPs were assessed using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. Finally, the expression and related functions of key immune cells and genes were verified by immunofluorescence and cell experiments of tissue samples.

Results

It was revealed that the risk score of 19 IRGPs could be used as accurate indicators to evaluate the prognosis of LUAD patients, and the risk score was mainly related to T cell infiltration based on CIBERSORT analysis. Two genes of IRGPs, IL6, and CCL2, were found to be closely associated with the expression of PD-1/PD-L1 and the function of T-cells. Depending on the results of tissue immunofluorescence, IL6, CCL2, and T cells were highly expressed in the LUAD tissues of patients. Furthermore, IL6 and CCL2 were positively correlated with the expression of T cells. Besides, qRT-PCR assay in four different LUAD cells proved that IL6 and CCL2 were positively correlated with the expression of PD-L1 (P < .001).

Conclusions

Based on 19 IRGPs, an effective prognosis model was established to predict the prognosis of LUAD patients. In addition, IL6 and CCL2 are closely related to the function of T-cells.
An Analysis of Police Department Crisis Communication via Social Media
Authors: Steele Jennifer L. , Blau Nicole
Published: January 2023

When police use-of-force incidents involving citizens occur, it is necessary to examine the communication post-crisis. Communication via social media is efficient and is considered a necessary tool in contemporary policing. To date, few studies have investigated the use of socially mediated messages in response to use-of-force incidents in local communities. This research examined the social media sites of six police departments in the United States following the death of George Floyd for themes established in crisis communication research. Findings suggest that police departments used social media to convey empathy, commitment to stakeholders, and self-efficacy, with empathy being the theme that was used most frequently. As this is an emerging area of research, directions for future research and policy implementation are discussed.
Exploring the Role of Vitamin D and the Gut Microbiome: A Cross-Sectional Study of Individuals with Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Healthy Controls
Authors: Matthews Sarah W. , Plantinga Anna , Burr Robert , Cain Kevin C. , Savidge Tor , Kamp Kendra , Heitkemper Margaret M.
Published: January 2023

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder of gut-brain interaction with multifaceted pathophysiology. Prior studies have demonstrated higher rates of vitamin D deficiency in individuals with IBS compared to healthy controls (HC), as well as associations of vitamin D concentration with IBS symptoms. A systematic review of 10 mouse and 14 human studies reported a positive association between vitamin D (serum levels and supplementation) and beta diversity of gut microbiome in a variety of conditions. The present retrospective case-control study aimed to compare vitamin D (25(OH)D) plasma concentrations and gut microbiome composition in adult women with IBS (n=99) and HC (n=62). Plasma concentrations of 25(OH)D were assessed using the Endocrine Society Guidelines definition of vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D <20 ng/ml) and insufficiency (25(OH)D >20-<30 ng/ml). 16S rRNA microbiome gene sequencing data was available for 39 HC and 62 participants with IBS. Genus-level Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus and phylum-level Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes relative abundances were extracted from microbiome profiles. Results showed vitamin D deficiency in 40.3% (n=25) vs. 41.4% (n=41), and insufficiency 33.9% (n=21) vs. 34.3% (n=34) in the HCs vs. IBS groups, respectively. The odds of IBS did not differ depending on 25(OH)D status (p=0.75 for deficient, p=0.78 for insufficient), and the average plasma vitamin D concentration did not differ between IBS (mean 24.8 ng/ml) and HCs (mean 25.1 ng/ml; p=0.57). We did not find evidence of an association between plasma 25(OH)D concentration and richness, Shannon index, Simpson index or specific bacterial abundances in either HCs or the IBS group.
From “permanent opposition” to “power”: Anti-systemic parties in Turkey
Authors: Arslantaş Düzgün , Arslantaş Şenol
Published: January 2023

This study aims to explain why some anti-systemic parties come to power while others remain as permanent opposition or disappear over time. The evidence is sought from the comparative analysis of the socialist Workers’ Party of Turkey (Türkiye İşçi Partisi, 1961-1971, permanent opposition) and the pro-Islamic Welfare Party (Refah Partisi, 1983-1998, in power). In particular, the parties are compared and contrasted in terms of their organizational style, leadership structure, and linkage with the voters. The paper argues that while the TIP built a loose and vertical local organization, the RP had a strong grassroots organization cemented through Islamic ideology. Second, while the RP had an unchallenged leadership of Necmettin Erbakan, the TIP had a fragmented leadership resulting from multiple ideological conflicts which undermined the efficiency of the decision-making process and its implementation. Finally, while the TIP was a textbook example of a programmatic party under the guidance of socialist ideology, the RP heavily relied on the distribution of clientelist resources – mostly emanating from its control in the municipalities and central government – to address voters. Overall, the RP took advantage of these strategies to rapidly extend its voter base beyond core voters, particularly in metropolitan areas, while the TIP largely remained restricted to narrow constituencies.
Beyond medicalized approaches to violence and trauma: Empowering social work practice
Authors: Ross Nancy , Brown Catrina , Johnstone Marjorie
Published: January 2023

Social workers are positioned to respond to clients with a history of trauma by practicing bio-psycho-social, trauma, and violence-informed care but frequently encounter systemic barriers to providing holistic care. The research presented in this article was initiated by a College of Social Work in Canada in response to concerns raised by social work providers that their practice was constrained by ideological, structural, and system limitations within publicly funded mental health and addiction services. Ideologically trauma-based social work care is defined by five principles of safety, trust, collaboration, choice, and empowerment and recognizes that what has happened to individuals, including early adversity, can influence their bio-psycho-social functioning across the lifespan. Structurally, trauma-based care recognizes the corrosive impact of poverty, systemic discrimination, and exclusion.

Findings

Our research included a literature review, an online survey (n = 115 completed surveys), individual interviews (n = 50), and three focus groups (n = 15). The findings consistently highlighted a dissonance between dominant bio-medical approaches and reliance on the Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Disorders and social justice–based practice. Primary themes included a recognition by social workers of the pervasive presence of trauma and its effects, including mental health and addiction challenges; intergenerational impacts of trauma; the limitations of the medical model; and the need to reposition social work practice.

Applications

Repositioning the role of social work within mental health and addiction settings to center social justice responses to trauma presents transformative opportunities to better meet the needs of service users and increase workplace satisfaction.
In Situ Fenestrated Thoracic Endovascular Repair Using the Upstream Peripheral Go BackTM Re-Entry Catheter
Authors: Nana Petroula , Le Houérou Thomas , Gaudin Antoine , Guihaire Julien , Fabre Dominique , Haulon Stéphan
Published: January 2023

Purpose:

The aim is to present a case of in situ fenestrated thoracic endovascular repair, using a re-entry peripheral catheter, needing urgent repair due to recurrent episodes of hemoptysis because of an aorto-bronchial fistula after previous thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR).

Technique:

A 74-year-old male with a previous TEVAR presented with hemoptysis, fever, and cachexia. An aorto-bronchial fistula and type Ia endoleak were depicted on computed tomography angiography (CTA). Due to the patient’s frail general condition, a proximal TEVAR extension was planned, prior to thoracotomy for debridement, and long-term antibiotics. An in situ fenestrated TEVAR was performed to provide proximal sealing and revascularize the left common carotid and subclavian arteries. For fenestration creation, an Upstream Peripheral Go Back catheter (Bentley, Hechingen, Germany) was used. The Go Back catheter has been approved as a re-entry tool for complex peripheral arterial revascularization. In this case, both fenestrations were successfully created. Proximal seal and target vessel patency were confirmed on CTA. Thoracotomy confirmed aortic exclusion. A wedge lobectomy was performed in combination with pediculated omentectomy to exclude the exposed endograft.

Conclusion:

In urgent cases, where custom-made thoracic devices are unavailable, in situ fenestrations with the Go Back catheter are an alternative to laser fenestrations.

Clinical Impact

Fenestrations are often required in acute TEVAR to achieve a proximal seal in the arch. In situ fenestrations with the Go Back catheter are an alternative to laser fenestrations and PMEGs in this setting.
Thermal properties, microstructure analysis, and environmental benefits of basalt fiber reinforced concrete
Authors: Qsymah Ansam , Arbili Mohamed Moafak , Ahmad Jawad , Alogla Saleh M , Alawi Al-Sodani Khaled A. , Hakamy Ahmad , Özkılıç Yasin Onuralp
Published: January 2023

Numerous scientists have studied basalt fiber (BF) reinforced concrete and found encouraging results. However, information is scattered, and compressive assessment is yet necessary to collect the data from prior research on BF, present research advancement, and future research guidelines of BF reinforced concrete. Furthermore, mostly research focus to review on strength and durability aspects of BF reinforced concrete while no researched focus on thermal properties, microstructure analysis and environmental benefits of BF reinforced concrete. Therefore, the primary focuses of this paper are BF treatment, BF reinforced concrete performance at high temperatures, microstructure analysis, environmental advantages, and application in civil engineering. Results show that BF-reinforced concrete performs much better than traditional concrete at high temperatures. Additionally, the use of BF enhanced the heat conductivity of concrete. BF addition to concrete seems to have reduced interfacial transition zone (ITZ) fractures, according to a microstructure study. When opposed to traditional steel fibers, BFs may be thought as reinforcements that are less harmful to the environment. The study also highlights the significance of BFs in the building industry. The assessment also identified research gap research for further studies.
Total parenteral nutrition pleural effusion after peripherally inserted central venous catheter insertion despite fluoroscopic confirmation
Authors: Yang Michael , Lopez Angelena
Published: January 2023

Peripherally inserted central catheters are frequently used for durable central venous access for nutrition. Depending on the medical and surgical history, there are times when a person’s vasculature has become scarred or stenotic due to multiple previous vascular devices, catheters, or pacemaker/defibrillator leads, that causes placement of a peripherally inserted central catheter challenging. Choosing the correct catheter and approach must be weighed against invasiveness of the procedure as unforeseen complications can arise. When pleural effusions quickly accumulate after placement of a peripherally inserted central catheter despite using confirmatory image guidance, delayed complications must be thought of, and offending medications and catheter should be removed in a timely fashion to avoid further morbidity and mortality.
Experimental Investigation of the Influence of Positive Emotion Dysregulation on Risky Behavior Following Idiographic Emotion Inductions
Authors: Weiss Nicole H. , Schick Melissa R. , Raudales Alexa M. , Forkus Shannon R. , Thomas Emmanuel D. , Contractor Ateka A. , Sullivan Tami P.
Published: January 2023

In the present study, we used an experimental paradigm with subjective and objective assessments to further explicate the role of positive emotion dysregulation on risky behavior. Participants were 151 community women currently experiencing intimate partner violence and using substances (age: M = 40.81 years; 30.5% Black). Participants were randomly assigned to positive, negative, and neutral idiographic emotion inductions. Subjective (state self-report) and objective (high-frequency heart rate variability [hfHRV], skin conductance response, and salivary cortisol) markers of emotion dysregulation were assessed, following which participants completed subjective (state urges for substances) and objective (Balloon Analogue Risk Task) measures of risky behavior. Results showed that (a) greater self-reported state emotion dysregulation and lower hfHRV predicted more urges for substances in the positive (vs. negative and neutral) emotion-induction condition and (b) lower hfHRV predicted more behavioral risk-taking propensity in the positive (vs. neutral) emotion-induction condition. These findings provide additional support for the influence of positive emotion dysregulation on risky behavior.
Using Frailty Measures to Predict Functional Outcomes and Mortality After Type II Odontoid Fracture in Elderly Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Hamrick Forrest A. , Sherrod Brandon A. , Cole Kyril , Cox Parker , Croci Davide M. , Bowers Christian A. , Mazur Marcus D. , Dailey Andrew T. , Bisson Erica F.
Published: January 2023

Study Design

Single-center retrospective cohort study

Objectives

Type II odontoid fractures occur disproportionately among elderly populations and cause significant morbidity and mortality. It is a matter of debate whether these injuries are best managed surgically or conservatively. Our goal was to identify how treatment modalities and patient characteristics correlated with functional outcome and mortality.

Methods

We identified adult patients (>60 years) with traumatic type II odontoid fractures. We used multivariate regression controlling for patient demographics, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score, modified Frailty Index (mFI-5 and mFI-11), fracture displacement, and conservative vs operative treatment.

Results

Of the 59 patients (mean age 77.9 years), 24 underwent surgical intervention and 35 underwent conservative management. Operatively managed patients were younger (73.4 vs 80.6 years, P < .001) and had higher degree of fracture displacement (3.5 vs 1.0 mm, P = .002) than conservatively managed patients but no other differences in baseline characteristics. Twenty-four patients (40.7%) died within the study period (median time to death: 376 days). There were no differences between treatment groups in functional outcomes (mRS or Frankel Grade) or mortality (33.3% in operative group vs 45.7%, P = .34). There was a statistically significant correlation between higher presentation mRS score and subsequent mortality on multivariate analysis (OR = 2.06, 95% CI 1.04-4.10, P = .039), whereas surgical intervention, age, GCS score, CCI, mFI-5, mFI-11, sex, and fracture displacement were not significantly correlated.

Conclusions

Mortality after type II odontoid fractures in elderly patients is common. mRS score at presentation may help predict mortality more accurately than other patient factors.
Intradural Extramedullary Pyogenic Abscess: Incidence, Management, and Clinical Outcomes in 45 Patients With a Mean Follow Up of 2 Years
Authors: Lenga Pavlina , Fedorko Stepan , Gülec Gelo , cand med  , Kiening Karl , Unterberg Andreas W. , Ishak Basem
Published: January 2023

Study Design

Retrospective review

Objectives

Spinal intradural extramedullary abscess (SIEA) is a rare disease with an unknown incidence. In this study, we systematically described the clinical course of SIEA in a large cohort with acute onset of neurological illness, assessed the morbidity and mortality rates, and determined the potential risk factors for mortality.

Methods

Electronic medical records of patients diagnosed with SIEA at a single institution for the period between September 2005 and December 2020 were retrieved.

Results

Over a period of 15 years, 881 patients with spinal infections were treated either conservatively or surgically at our center, of whom 45 patients (45/881, 5.1%) had SIEA. The overall mean age was 69.6 ± 5.6 years of patients diagnosed with SIEA and all of them underwent posterior decompression via laminectomy. The mean Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) was 6.9 ± 2.5, indicating a poor baseline reserve. Progressive neurological decline was observed in all patients (mean motor score, 88.6 ± 9.7). The in-hospital rate and 90-day mortality were 4.4% and 10%, respectively. Mortality was not surgery related. Most importantly, the patients’ motor deficits and blood infection parameters significantly improved after surgery. Risk factors for mortality were increased age, comorbidities as measured by CCI, and preoperative motor weakness (MS).

Conclusions

Immediate surgical decompression via laminectomy, with antiseptic irrigation and drainage of the subdural space, followed by antibiotic therapy, appears to be the key to ensuring beneficial clinical outcomes to treatment of rare diseases such as SIEA.
The Effect of Marital Name Choices on Heterosexual Women’s and Men’s Perceived Quality as Romantic Partners
Authors: Kelley Kristin
Published: January 2023

Are women and men judged for breaking gender norms in the context of heterosexual marriage? Using the case of marital name choice, the author compared the effect of gender-conventional choices (woman takes man’s surname) to gender-egalitarian choices (both partners keep or hyphenate their surnames) on the perceived quality of heterosexual women and men as romantic partners. Relying on a survey experiment ( n = 501), the author found that U.S. respondents perceived women who kept their surnames and women who shared hyphenated surnames with their husbands to be less committed and loving and to conform less to respondents’ image of the ideal wife than women who changed their names. These results show that gender-norm violations, not preferences for a shared spousal surname, explain the marital name penalty. Men in norm-breaking couples were also judged, albeit not as harshly as women, suggesting that there are contexts in which women are granted less gender flexibility than men.
Finding Common Ground: Tips to Promote Self-Determination in Inclusive Contexts for High School General and Special Educators
Authors: Raley Sheida K. , Kutscher Elisabeth , Shogren Karrie A. , Kurth Jennifer A. , Matusevich Hunter A.
Published: January 2023

General and special educators encounter both barriers and facilitators as they implement whole-school interventions with fidelity to make secondary schools inclusive for students with extensive support needs (ESN). This article translates research into practice by sharing guidance from secondary general and special educators with experience implementing an evidence-based intervention designed to promote student self-determination, the Self-Determined Learning of Model of Instruction (SDLMI), providing tips on how to build an integrated system of supports that promotes self-determination for all students, inclusive of students with ESN. Tips include (a) ensuring all students have opportunities to build self-determination, (b) customizing instruction using the SDLMI, (c) aligning SDLMI instruction with academic and transition planning content, (d) finding your SDLMI community, and (e) leveraging SDLMI implementation to enhance collaboration.