bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cognitive Frailty: Frequency and Risk of Adverse Events in Older Individuals
Authors:   Higher School of Sciences of Santa Casa de Misericordia de Vitoria, ES. Geriatrics medical residency program at Hospital Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitória - Rua Dr. João dos Santos Neves 143 - Vila Rubim - 29025-023 Vitória ES - Brazil, Delboni Nascimento Caroline , Ardisson Coledete Ingrid ,   Higher School of Sciences of Santa Casa de Misericordia de Vitoria, ES. Geriatrics medical residency program at Hospital Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitória - Rua Dr. João dos Santos Neves 143 - Vila Rubim - 29025-023 Vitória ES - Brazil, Nicoli Souza Fernanda ,   Higher School of Sciences of Santa Casa de Misericordia de Vitoria, ES. Geriatrics medical residency program at Hospital Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitória - Rua Dr. João dos Santos Neves 143 - Vila Rubim - 29025-023 Vitória ES - Brazil, Moraes Miossi Luiza ,   Higher School of Sciences of Santa Casa de Misericordia de Vitoria, ES. Geriatrics medical residency program at Hospital Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitória - Rua Dr. João dos Santos Neves 143 - Vila Rubim - 29025-023 Vitória ES - Brazil, Lirio Morelato Renato ,   Higher School of Sciences of Santa Casa de Misericordia de Vitoria, ES. Geriatrics medical residency program at Hospital Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitória - Rua Dr. João dos Santos Neves 143 - Vila Rubim - 29025-023 Vitória ES - Brazil
Published: February 2024

Objectives: To analyze the associated cognitive frailty with falls and clinical admissions in older patients. Methods: Case-control, analytical, individual-based, observational study based on longitudinal retrospective design. The sample comprised patients older than 65 years old, treated at the outpatient clinic of a geriatric service, who were followed up in the previous period of six months. Cognitive frailty (CF) was used as a dependent variable in the present study. Cognitive impairment was diagnosed based on Clinical Dementia Rating. Frailty was categorized based on the clinical frailty scale. The Chi-square test and Poisson regression model were used to evaluate the association between CF and outcomes.
Media Ethics and News Media Financing in a Fledgling Economy- A Case of the Gambia
Authors: Adekunle Morolake , Onifade Femi , Gbambu Abdul
Published: February 2024

Purpose: This paper examines how media ethics and news media financing interact in the setting of a nascent economy. The study focuses on the significance of ethical standards in journalism and how obstacles to funding might have a detrimental effect on them. Issues interrogated include how media ethics are violated, how financial hardships have contributed to the phenomena, the causes of the paucity of funding, and how the news media can navigate the daunting terrain of shrinking financial resources.

Methodology: The study collected data from both primary and secondary sources. While interviews with 15 seasoned media professionals provided the primary data, recent literature provided the secondary data.

Findings: The results of this study reveal that many media organisations are underpaying their employees, failing to facilitate skills acquisition training for staff, lacking editorial guidelines, hiring underqualified staff to cut costs, and failing to adequately provide the staff with the logistics needed for news gathering, all of which compromise professionalism and drive the phenomena of sensational reporting, partisanship (especially during elections), one-sided reporting, inadequate source attribution, language decorum, inaccurate reporting, lack of skills for covering highly sensitive topics like those relating to children, domestic violence, court proceedings, etc., invasion of people's privacy, and acceptance of freebies by journalists are all examples of how ethical standards are broken.

Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Innovative advertising campaigns aimed at small businesses, grants for the promotion of current development issues, the creation of content that would draw viewers from outside of Gambia, increased media organization collaboration to cut production costs, the creation of high-quality content, being more inventive to create content that various populations can relate to, and the Media Council's advocacy for government subvention to news media organization’s were suggested as solutions to funding challenges faced by the media.
Real-Time Traffic Sign Detection: A Case Study in a Santa Clara Suburban Neighborhood
Authors: Loghashankar Harish , Nguyen Hieu
Published: February 2024

This research project aims to develop a real-time traffic sign detection system using the YOLOv5 architecture and deploys it for efficient traffic sign recognition during a drive in a suburban neighborhood. The project's primary objectives are to train the YOLOv5 model on a diverse dataset of traffic sign images and deploy the model on a suitable hardware platform capable of real-time inference. The project will involve collecting a comprehensive dataset of traffic sign images. By leveraging the trained YOLOv5 model, the system will detect and classify traffic signs from a real-time camera on a dashboard inside a vehicle. The performance of the deployed system will be evaluated based on its accuracy in detecting traffic signs, real-time processing speed, and overall reliability. During a case study in a suburban neighborhood, the system demonstrated a notable 96% accuracy in detecting traffic signs. This research's findings have the potential to improve road safety and traffic management by providing timely and accurate real-time information about traffic signs and can pave the way for further research into autonomous driving.
Ingliz tilida kardiologiya terminologiyasining yasalish va funksional xususiyatlarini o‘rganish metodlari
Authors: Батирова Хуршида
Published: February 2024

Ushbu maqolada kardiologiyaga oid terminlarning yasalish usullari va xususiyatlarini o'rganish metodlari muhokama qilingan. Bunda ingliz tilidagi manba’lardan olingan terminlar misol keltirilgan. Shuningdek kardiologiyaga oid terminlarning shakllanishida lotin va grek tillari elementlarining o'rni muhimligi belgilangan
Advancing contemporary arabic-english-arabic translation: addressing common errors in practice
Authors: Мохаммед Абдуллах Шифаа
Published: February 2024

In contemporary language translation, frequent errors negatively affect the overall accuracy and quality of the process. This article identifies and examines these issues in Arabic-English-Arabic translation, enhancing proficiency. Thus, it analyzes translation challenges employing advanced methods, via integrating theory with practice. The outcomes contribute to refining methods, presenting ideas and insights for translators, educators, and learners. Finally, it aims to contribute to improve translation criteria in Arabic-English in both directions.
Congreso online de la Sociedad Española de Neuromodulación. INS España. I Congreso Iberoamericano de Neuromodulación
Authors: Tornero Tornero Carlos
Published: February 2024

Congreso online de la Sociedad Española de Neuromodulación. INS España. I Congreso Iberoamericano de Neuromodulación
An Autoethnography of a 23-year-old student in Russia during the first year of war in Ukraine
Authors: Anonymous Anonymous , Sapunar Damir
Published: February 2024

Aim: Beside its catastrophic consequences for Ukraine, the Russian aggression has had a major impact on Russian so-ciety. The article explores and reflects on the experience of a 23-year-old student in Russia during the first year of the war in Ukraine (2022) which elucidates the moral conflict of dealing with close relatives who hold a different political view on the conflict. The first author uses autoethnography to describe the lived experience of navigating the nuances of daily life, grappling with propaganda, and conflicting feelings toward close relatives. In particular, the author is questioning how one must act in times of peril and moral demise.Methods: We employed autoethnographic collaborative research to explore the first author’s narrative stemming from her personal experience of being a citizen of a country that inflicted a war on another country. The examination of the narrative was conducted collaboratively with another researcher (DS) to enhance comprehension regarding how personal context interacts with social, political, and cultural factors.Results: The presented story is the first author’s exploration and attempt to position herself in morally challenging situ-ations, while also considering the everyday elements of the war, including the silencing effects of political oppression, propaganda, political censorship, and wartime atrocities. Within this consideration, the first author reflects on the Russian aggression on Ukraine and its implications through the lens of her own experience with propaganda, all while learning to cope with a moral injury inflicted by the closest member of the family.Conclusion: The Russian political system has major conse-quences for young adults’ ability to uphold a normal life. Exposure to propaganda and fake news presents a constant threat of destroying the fine fabric of interpersonal relation-ships and imposing moral injury by the inability to act be-cause of an oppressive political system.
Emergency medical services preparedness in mass casualty incidents: A systematic review
Authors: Saadatmand Vahid , Marzaleh Milad Ahmadi , Abbasi Hamid Reza , Peyravi Mahmoud Reza , Shokrpour Nasrin
Published: February 2024

Objective: The role of emergency medical services (EMS) preparedness in mass casualty incidents (MCIs) is crucial. MCIs are increasing worldwide, and EMS must enhance preparedness for them. For this purpose, the main components of EMS preparedness should be identified. This study aimed to describe the components of EMS preparedness in response to MCIs.

Design and setting: This systematic review was conducted based on the Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guideline. The articles published from January 1970 to February 2022 were searched to discover the main components of EMS preparedness in MCIs. The electronic databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Science Direct, and ProQuest were searched using predetermined keywords. Ten articles were selected and included in this review.

Results: After reviewing the articles, we identified the components of EMS preparedness in MCIs. Accordingly, 16 main components were extracted and classified into four categories, ie, individual improvement, group improvement, resources, and operations.

Conclusion: MCIs are so complicated that they require adequate prehospital preparedness. This study described the components of EMS preparedness in MCIs. The authorities in EMS will benefit from this framework in planning and responding to MCIs.
The Meaning of Missionary Labor
Authors: Conroy-Krutz Emily
Published: February 2024

Over the course of the nineteenth century, missionary organizations and their supporters debated what methodology to adopt as they evangelized the world. Medical missions, mission schools, and diplomatic work were heralded by some organizations as essential tools to mission work, though critics wondered if they were instead potential (expensive) distractions. As missionary supporters debated the importance of civilization to missionary work, they debated the meaning of Christianity and its relationship to culture. The Boxer Uprising brought these questions to a head. This essay reorients our chronological understanding of these debates well before the modernist-fundamentalist controversy of the early twentieth century.
“Make Jesus King” and the Evangelical Missionary Imagination, 1889–1896
Authors: Robert Dana L.
Published: February 2024

This chapter explores the rise of the “Make Jesus King” movement among late 19th- and early 20th-century college students, which unfolded as a missionary movement emerging out of the YMCA in both the US and Japan. Robert unpacks in particular the differing ways that Japanese and Americans understood the movement, encountering each other and, in the process, defining themselves and their own versions of Christian faith. Robert traces both the transnational connections and the developing tensions between Japanese and American movement leaders and educators. Robert argues that the American enthusiasts of “Make Jesus King” both embraced a nationalistic vision of evangelicalism and contested that vision in the name of a shared transnational imaginary.
Race and the Korean War Origins of World Vision Inc.
Authors: Kim Helen Jin
Published: February 2024

World Vision Inc. began with the idea of Kyung Chik Han (1902–2000), which Bob Pierce (1914–1978) then incorporated into a 501(c)(3). This chapter expands World Vision’s founding narrative, highlighting not only Han’s story but also that of Korean War martyr Chang Hwa Kim, and his widowed wife Oak Hyun Paik. The chapter argues that Korean agency as well as transpacific ideas of race were core to the rise of US evangelical humanitarian organizations like World Vision during the Cold War era.
Evangelical Empire
Authors: Turek Lauren F.
Published: February 2024

This chapter explores US evangelical involvement in building congressional and public support for the Reagan administration’s policies toward Nicaragua during the Contra War. During that conflict, evangelicals collaborated with White House officials to frame US support for repressive and counterrevolutionary forces using the language of human rights and religious liberty. Reagan faced tremendous (and deserved) pushback for his record on human rights from liberal members of Congress. Congressional resistance hindered the administration’s ability to pursue its desired policy aims. Adopting the limited human rights ethos that evangelicals articulated—a human rights perspective that privileged religious liberty as the foundational human right and condemned regimes that persecuted Christians—gave the Reagan administration a useful moral rhetoric to use to counter congressional activism against the administration’s support for brutal military dictatorships. Examining evangelical political activism in a global context helps us to better understand the power of religious belief to shape foreign policy opinion as well as the role that motivated grassroots non-state actors have played in influencing policy at the state and international levels.
Esfuerzos y desafíos institucionales para impulsar la internacionalización del currículo y la educación para la ciudadanía global: Perspectivas de Educadores
Authors: Quevedo-Padilla Laura Bibiana
Published: February 2024

A medida que la educación trasciende las fronteras nacionales e intenta fomentar futuros líderes con una perspectiva global, las percepciones de los educadores son invaluables. Este artículo profundiza en las percepciones de 40 educadores de cuatro programas de licenciatura dentro de una Facultad de Educación en relación con la Internacionalización del Currículo (IC) y la Educación para la Ciudadanía Global (ECG). La investigación emplea un enfoque de estudio de casos múltiples dentro de un paradigma interpretativo. Uno de los instrumentos usados en este estudio fue una encuesta que contiene cuatro secciones principales: caracterización de los participantes, una investigación de las políticas institucionales relacionadas con la IC y la ECG, una evaluación de las iniciativas en curso que fomentan estos procesos y el papel de los programas académicos en el apoyo a los educadores. Las preguntas de la encuesta fueron estructuradas con una escala Likert, complementadas por una única pregunta abierta para obtener información adicional. Los resultados destacan el firme compromiso de la universidad con el fortalecimiento de la IC. Los educadores han adoptado activamente acciones específicas y consideran estar mucho más familiarizados con la IC, lo que resulta en una mayor participación en esfuerzos para internacionalizar sus cursos. En contraste, la ECG se rezaga en su desarrollo, a pesar de su reconocida importancia. Los educadores perciben una integración incompleta de la ECG en las políticas institucionales y los programas académicos, lo que se traduce en una falta de orientación y participación. Los hallazgos demuestran una correlación significativa entre la dedicación docente de los educadores y su familiaridad e involucramiento con las iniciativas de IC y ECG. Esto revela un enfoque institucional pronunciado pero incipiente en el currículo internacional. Sin embargo, la alineación con las competencias de enseñanza del siglo XXI sigue siendo un proceso embrionario y en evolución continua.
La motricidad gruesa y su incidencia en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en niños y niñas de inicial I de la unidad educativa Dr. Manuel Benjamín Carrión
Authors: Libicota Sánchez Ana María , Laje Criollo Mayerly Mariel , Grandes Jácome Nelson
Published: February 2024

El presente trabajo de investigación aborda la influencia de la motricidad gruesa en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de niños de inicial I, enfocándose en cómo esta puede ser aprovechada para mejorar su experiencia educativa. La investigación se centra en la unidad educativa Dr. Manuel Benjamín Carrión, observando y evaluando el desarrollo de la motricidad gruesa y su impacto en el rendimiento académico. Se empleó una metodología descriptiva con un enfoque cuantitativo y cualitativo, utilizando instrumentos como listas de cotejo y entrevistas semiestructuradas. Los resultados revelaron dificultades como falta de coordinación motriz y estimulación temprana insuficiente, con impacto en la participación de actividades físicas y juegos, aspectos cruciales para el desarrollo social, según Vygotsky. Además, se constató que un desarrollo óptimo de la motricidad gruesa generó efectos positivos en el rendimiento académico, mejora la atención, concentración, estimulación cognitiva, habilidades sociales y la salud física y emocional. Las conclusiones resaltan la importancia de la motricidad gruesa para la atención, concentración y participación activa en el aprendizaje; por ello, se elaboró una guía didáctica de actividades físicas para estimular la motricidad gruesa, destinada a mejorar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Estos hallazgos contribuyen significativamente al entendimiento y mejora de la experiencia educativa de niños y niñas de inicial I.
La inteligencia emocional como habilidad para la vida en el desarrollo infantil desde la experiencia cotidiana
Authors: Vélez Macias Sara Jimena , Valdez Malla Alisson Nicole , Rendón Bautista Inés Beatriz
Published: February 2024

El presente estudio, analizó la inteligencia emocional como habilidad para la vida en el desarrollo infantil desde la experiencia cotidiana en niños de Inicial II. A través de una revisión bibliográfica de teorías, se exploraron conceptos como la capacidad de reconocer, comprender y gestionar las propias emociones, así como la habilidad para comprender e influir en las emociones de los demás, para potenciar el desarrollo infantil a través de diversas situaciones cotidianas como, afrontar desafíos, resolver problemas e interactuar con su pares y familia. La metodología empleada fue bibliográfica, con un enfoque mixto que incorporó datos cualitativos y cuantitativos. Se utilizaron diversos instrumentos como: entrevista al educador, encuestas a los padres, ficha de observación y lista de cotejo, para identificar la dificultad existente. Como resultado, el desarrollo de la inteligencia emocional demostró ser deficiente en la capacidad de expresar emociones de manera saludable, desarrollar empatía hacia los demás y establecer relaciones sociales, resaltando la relevancia desde la experiencia cotidiana en el contexto familiar y educativo. Se desarrolló un programa de formación para el desarrollo de la inteligencia emocional como habilidad para la vida, proponiendo actividades divididas en tres módulos que contemplan los juegos en familia para el desarrollo social.
Cuentos pictográficos para niños con problemas de aprendizaje en el lenguaje oral
Authors: Revelo Quiñonez Nathaly Naomi , Santillán Mendoza Isabel Rubí , Aguavil Campuez Juana Gabriela
Published: February 2024

El desarrollo del lenguaje oral es un proceso fundamental en la adquisición de habilidades relacionadas con la expresión y comprensión del lenguaje hablado. El presente estudio tuvo como finalidad determinar los efectos positivos de los cuentos pictográficos en el desarrollo del lenguaje oral en niños de 3 años de edad con problemas de aprendizaje pertenecientes a la Unidad Educativa Kasama. Las limitaciones como la falta de intervenciones adecuadas, barreras socioeconómicas, la escasa valoración del respaldo emocional y social, agravan la situación e impactan negativamente en el bienestar infantil. La metodología aplicada en este estudio fue descriptiva con un enfoque mixto, para lo cual se utilizó métodos cualitativos y cuantitativos de procesamiento de información, instrumentos como la lista de cotejo a los infantes con un cuerpo categorial estructurado sobre las variables de estudio y una entrevista a la educadora, proporcionando datos valiosos sobre las dificultades de los niños en aspectos claves del desarrollo del lenguaje oral como: la pronunciación fonética, comprensión morfosintáctica de situaciones de su entorno, competencias lingüísticas básicas que deben ser estimuladas desde los primeros años de vida.  Los resultados revelaron la necesidad de incorporar en las planificaciones curriculares, como en el trabajo pedagógico diario alternativas que dinamicen la gestión del proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje como son los cuentos pictográficos, dado que múltiples investigaciones concuerdan que es una de las técnicas lúdicas por excelencia para estimular el lenguaje oral en infantes.
Las técnicas grafo plásticas para el desarrollo de la inteligencia intrapersonal en niños de 5-6 años de la unidad educativa Dr Manuel Benjamín Carrión
Authors: Lema Rivas Daniela Jamileth , Tutistar Acosta Bianca Milena , Cajamarca Faican Carlos Roberto
Published: February 2024

El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo como finalidad la recopilación de posturas de diferentes autores sobre las técnicas grafo plásticas que beneficiaran en el desarrollo de la motricidad fina, ofreciendo una gama de experiencias para aprendizajes, de tal forma que les permita expresar su creatividad promoviendo un desarrollo integro hacia el niño. Por ello, es necesario que el infante aprenda a dominar sus movimientos viso manual, la comunicación gestual, y la motricidad facial mediante su creatividad, tomando en cuenta el desarrollo evolutivo de cada niño. Este proyecto de investigación se ejecutó bajo la modalidad documental-bibliográfica. Tuvo un enfoque cualitativo a nivel descriptivo. En cuanto a los instrumentos utilizados para la recolección, análisis y discusión de resultados se realizó a través de ficheros y fichas tales como: la ficha bibliográfica, fichas de resumen, la ficha de paráfrasis, las cuales fueron utilizadas para cumplir con los objetivos de esta investigación. Los principales resultados revelaron que la adecuación de recursos y actividades en el aula influye positivamente en la participación de los estudiantes. Se destaca la importancia de estrategias que promuevan la inteligencia intrapersonal y el trabajo en equipo, así como la efectividad de las técnicas grafo plásticas en el aprendizaje, resaltando la necesidad de enfoques educativos inclusivos y dinámicos.
FARMACOLOGIA DO FUTURO: AVANÇOS TECNOLÓGICOS TRANSFORMANDO O TRATAMENTO DE DOENÇAS CRÔNICAS
Authors: Costa Cleber Nonato Macedo , Barros Alessandra Ferreira de , Afonso Rafael dos Santos , Aquino Liliane Portilho de , Vilhena Elaine Mendes , Vale Valdicley Vieira
Published: February 2024

A farmacologia está em constante evolução, impulsionada pela busca incessante por terapias mais eficazes e seguras. Recentemente, a integração de inovações tecnológicas no campo farmacêutico tem revolucionado o tratamento de doenças. A convergência de disciplinas como inteligência artificial, nanotecnologia, biologia molecular e análise de big data está transformando a forma como os medicamentos são desenvolvidos e administrados. Neste artigo, exploramos as tendências e tecnologias que estão moldando o cenário da farmacologia. A inteligência artificial acelera a descoberta de novos medicamentos, enquanto a medicina de precisão personaliza terapias com base em variações genéticas individuais. A nanotecnologia melhora a entrega de medicamentos, e a impressão 3D permite doses personalizadas. A análise de big data aprimora a pesquisa e desenvolvimento de medicamentos. No entanto, desafios éticos, regulatórios e de segurança acompanham essas inovações. A privacidade dos dados genômicos, a qualidade e segurança da impressão 3D de medicamentos e a interpretação dos resultados da inteligência artificial são áreas de atenção. Essas tendências representam uma mudança paradigmática na farmacologia, com potencial para melhorar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Manter o equilíbrio entre inovação e segurança é crucial. A simbiose entre ciência e tecnologia oferece promissoras perspectivas de terapêuticas mais eficazes e personalizadas, desde que questões éticas e regulatórias sejam abordadas. Nesse contexto, a farmacologia do futuro está moldando o presente, promovendo avanços significativos na saúde e no bem-estar da sociedade.
Constraining biospheric carbon dioxide fluxes by combined top-down and bottom-up approaches
Authors: Upton Samuel , Reichstein Markus , Gans Fabian , Peters Wouter , Kraft Basil , Bastos Ana
Published: February 2024

Abstract. While the growth rate of atmospheric CO2 mole fractions can be measured with high accuracy, there are still large uncertainties in its attribution to specific regions and diverse anthropogenic and natural sources and sinks. A major source of uncertainty is the net flux of carbon dioxide from the biosphere to the atmosphere, the net ecosystem exchange (NEE). There are two major approaches to quantifying NEE: top-down approaches that typically use atmospheric inversions and bottom-up estimates that rely on process-based or data-driven models or inventories. Both top-down and bottom-up approaches have known strengths and limitations. Atmospheric inversions (e.g., those used in global carbon budgets) produce estimates of NEE that are consistent with the atmospheric CO2 growth rate at regional and global scales but are highly uncertain at smaller scales. Bottom-up data-driven models based on eddy-covariance measurements (e.g., FLUXCOM) match local observations of NEE and their spatial variability but have difficulty in accurately upscaling to a reliable global estimate. In this study, we propose combining the two approaches to produce global NEE estimates, with the goal of capitalizing on each approach's strengths and mitigating their limitations. We do this by constraining the data-driven FLUXCOM model with regional estimates of NEE derived from an ensemble of atmospheric inversions from the Global Carbon Budget 2021. To do this, we need to overcome a series of scientific and technical challenges when combining information about diverse physical variables, which are influenced by different processes at different spatial and temporal scales. We design a modeling structure that optimizes NEE by considering both the model's performance at the in situ level, based on eddy-covariance measurements, and at the level of large regions, based on atmospheric inversion estimates of NEE and their uncertainty. This resulting “dual-constraint” data-driven flux model improves on information based on single constraints (either top down or bottom up), producing robust locally resolved and globally consistent NEE spatio-temporal fields. Compared to reference estimates of the global land sink from the literature, e.g., Global Carbon Budgets, our double-constraint inferred global NEE shows a considerably smaller bias in global and tropical NEE compared to the underlying bottom-up data-driven model estimates (i.e., single constraint). The mean seasonality of our double-constraint inferred global NEE is also more consistent with the Global Carbon Budget and atmospheric inversions. At the same time, our model allows for more robustly spatially resolved NEE. The improved performance of the double-constraint model across spatial and temporal scales demonstrates the potential for adding a top-down constraint to a bottom-up data-driven flux model.
Assimilating Multi-site Eddy-Covariance Data to Calibrate the CH4 Wetland Emission Module in a Terrestrial Ecosystem Model
Authors: Kallingal Jalisha Theanutti , Scholze Marko , Miller Paul Anthony , Lindström Johan , Rinne Janne , Aurela Mika , Vestin Patrik , Weslien Per
Published: February 2024

Abstract. In this study, we use a data assimilation framework based on the Adaptive Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm to constrain process parameters in LPJ-GUESS using CH4 eddy covariance flux observations from 14 different natural boreal and temperate wetlands. The objective is to derive a single set of calibrated parameter values. These parameters are then used in the model to validate its CH4 flux output against 5 different types of natural wetlands situated in different locations, assessing their generality for simulating CH4 fluxes from different boreal and temperate wetlands. The results show that the MCMC framework has substantially reduced the cost function (measuring the misfit between simulated and observed CH4 fluxes) and facilitated detailed characterisation of the posterior distribution. A reduction of around 95 % in the cost function and approximately 50 % in RMSE were observed. The validation experiment results indicate that four out of 5 sites successfully reduced RMSE, demonstrating the effectiveness of the framework for estimating CH4 emissions from wetlands not included in the study.
Carbon degradation and mobilisation potentials of thawing permafrost peatlands in Northern Norway
Authors: Kjær Sigrid Trier , Westermann Sebastian , Nedkvitne Nora , Dörsch Peter
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Permafrost soils are undergoing rapid thawing due to climate change and global warming. Permafrost peatlands are especially vulnerable since they are located near the southern margin of the permafrost domain in the discontinuous and sporadic permafrost zones. They store large quantities of carbon (C) which, upon thawing, are decomposed and released as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) or dissolved organic carbon (DOC). This study compares carbon degradation in three permafrost peatland ecosystems in Finnmark, Norway, which represent a well-documented chronosequence of permafrost formation. Peat cores from active layer, transition zone and permafrost zone were thawed under controlled conditions and incubated for up until 350 days under initially-oxic or anoxic conditions while measuring CO2, CH4 and DOC production. Carbon degradation varied among the three peat plateaus but showed a similar trend over depth with largest CO2 production rates in the top of the active layer and in the permafrost. Despite marked differences in peat chemistry, post-thaw CO2 losses from permafrost peat throughout the first 350 days in the presence of oxygen reached 67–125 % of those observed from the top of the active layer. CH4 production was only measured after a prolonged anoxic lag phase in samples from transition zone and permafrost, but not in active layer samples. CH4 production was largest in thermokarst peat sampled next to decaying peat plateaus. DOC production by active layer samples throughout 350 days incubation exceeded gaseous C loss (up to 23-fold anoxically), whereas little DOC production or uptake was observed for permafrost peat after thawing. Taken together, permafrost peat in decaying Norwegian peat plateaus degrades at rates similar to active layer peat, while highest CH4 production can be expected after inundation of thawed permafrost material in thermokarst ponds.
Predictability of marine heatwaves: assessment based on the ECMWF seasonal forecast system
Authors: de Boisséson Eric , Balmaseda Magdalena Alonso
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Marine heatwaves (MHWs), defined as prolonged period of extremely warm sea surface temperature (SST), have been receiving a lot of attention in the past decade as their frequency and intensity increase in a warming climate. This paper investigates the extent to which the seasonal occurrence and duration of MHWs can be predicted with the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) operational seasonal forecast system. The prediction of the occurrence of MHW events, the number of MHW days per season, and their intensity and spatial extent are derived from seasonal SST forecasts and evaluated against an observation-based SST analysis using both deterministic and probabilistic metrics over the 1982–2021 period. Forecast scores show useful skill in predicting the occurrence of MHWs globally for the two seasons following the starting date. The skill is the highest in the El Niño region, the Caribbean, the wider tropics, the north-eastern extra-tropical Pacific, and southwest of the extra-tropical basins. The skill is not as good for other midlatitude eastern basins nor for the Mediterranean, with the forecast system being able to represent the low-frequency modulation of MHWs but showing poor skill in predicting the interannual variability of the MHW characteristics. Linear trend analysis shows an increase in MHW occurrence at a global scale, which the forecasts capture well.
What, How and Why of a Psychologically Informed Environment (PIE) Within Youth Refuge
Authors: Jaman Anda , Corrales Tatiana , Edmanson Claire , Skouteris Helen
Published: February 2024

Being homeless is broadly understood to be traumagenic. Thus, support services for individuals experiencing homelessness (such as youth refuge) are encouraged to use trauma-informed models of care. However, there is a dearth of research that (1) focuses on youth refuge specifically, despite refuges being the most common response for youth homelessness worldwide, and (2) explains trauma-informed care models in detail so that they may be evaluated in practice. This paper outlines a trauma-aware framework used for nearly a decade within a youth refuge located in Melbourne, Australia: a psychologically informed environment (PIE). The paper provides: (1) an overview of trauma-informed care before describing what a PIE entails; (2) the how of a PIE, including core principles, their theoretical underpinnings, and how these principles are practically applied; and (3) the why of a PIE, focusing on implications for practice. A PIE is underpinned by key theoretical approaches such as attachment theory, the core emotional needs model, psychodynamic theory and formulation, social cognitive theory, and the transtheoretical model of change. A PIE encompasses five core principles of (1) relationships, rules, responsiveness, and roles; (2) physical and social spaces; (3) learning and enquiry; (4) staff support and training; and (5) psychological awareness. Overall, PIEs have been found to increase consumer engagement and decrease evictions, instill confidence and improve empathy within the staff, and decrease the risk for organizations, as seen by low incident rates. It is hoped that by providing this detailed outline of a PIE, more research can be undertaken into youth refuge care models, and more psychologically informed frameworks that address the multi-directional relationship between trauma and homelessness can be employed.
THE EFFECT OF LEG STIFFNESS ON REACTIVE AGILITY, JUMPING AND SPEED IN GYMNASTICS ATHLETES
Authors: Deliceoglu Gokhan , Atalay Guler , Kabak Banu
Published: February 2024

In reviewing the literature, it was decided to conduct this study due to the lack of studies investigating the influence of leg stiffness on performance parameters such as reactive agility, jumping power and speed in gymnasts. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of gymnasts' leg stiffness on performance parameters such as reactive agility, jump and speed. For this purpose, 65 gymnastics athletes aged 12-22 years were included in the study. The drop jump test (with Optojump measuring device) was used to evaluate the jump, and the vertical jump test (Optojump measuring device) for the evaluation of leg stiffness, while the 20m sprint test (with Witty measuring device) was made for speed evaluation. The measurements of reactive agility were performed with the SpeedCourt™. As a result of our study, we found a moderate positive correlation between the leg stiffness values and the reactive strength index (RSI) values obtained from the gymnastics athletes' jump tests. In addition, we found a negative relationship at a low level between speed and agility with leg stiffness values. It can be concluded that increasing gymnasts' leg stiffness contributes positively to jumping power, speed and reactive agility. In this case, it is recommended to include plyometric exercises in the training programs to improve the leg stiffness of trampoline gymnasts, rhythmic gymnasts and artistic gymnasts who focus on jumping.
Probiotics in the creation of fish-based herodietic half-finished products
Authors: Moldagaliyeva Dinara ,  Sarsembaeva Nurzhan ,  Uzakov Yasin , Lozovicka Bozhena
Published: February 2024

Feeding is a basic need in human life. The current manuscript presents the first stage in developing of a fish semi-finished product for functional purposes in the production of commercial tilapia fish in high-tech industrial aquaculture. So, the clinical rationale for the probiotic is based on the Escherichia coli 64G strain used in the process of fish breeding for the hero dietic half-finished products manufacturing. So, a has been created to get a functional product (smoked sausage) from fresh tilapia fish grown on specialised feeds at the stage of biotechnological processing. The possibility of using the drug Enterocol as a probiotic strain of Kazakh production is being considered. Probiotics in aquaculture have been used to reduce the level of conditionally pathogenic microbiota in the organs and tissues of fish. This was achieved by Enterocol's action in reducing the organic pollution of water with fish metabolism products at a high stocking density. Probiotics used in industrial aquaculture are an excellent alternative to antibiotics. Moreover, we can get an environmentally friendly product due to probiotics, which is important in creating a healthy food strategy. In an in vivo experiment, authors proved the safety, antagonistic activity, and probiotic proprieties of the E.coli 64G strain.
Analysis of the effect of components of chemical peels based on lactic and mandelic acid on skin parameters
Authors:   Kierunek Kosmetologia, Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu, Akademia Nauk Stosowanych w Koninie, Pachurka-Szczepańska Joanna , Olek-Hrab Karolina ,   Katedra i Klinika Dermatologii, Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Karola Marcinkowskiego w Poznaniu
Published: February 2024

Up to now, research studies have compared various peeling substances affecting the skin, without taking into account the parameters responsible for the penetration and potency of the compounds. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of lactic acid and mandelic acid on hydration, melanin, sebaceous gland activity and the stratum corneum barrier. Equal concentrations of chemical peels, similar pH of the solutions, and the base enabled comparison of results. A series of treatments with lactic acid resulted in a decrease in transepidermal water loss, an increase in hydration levels and a reduction in sebaceous gland activity, as well as a significant drop in melanin levels. Mandelic acid applied in a series of four treatments resulted in a noticeable improvement in the appearance of the epidermis. The activity of the sebaceous glands also decreased significantly. The use of both, a series and a single treatment with mandelic acid, strengthened the epidermal barrier. Comparing a series of treatments and a single procedure it was found that the value of transepidermal water loss increased. The study demonstrated that whereas many carboxylic acids exhibit similarities, they also possess notable distinctions in their topical effects and medicinal applications.
Evaluation of the efficacy of a moisturiser by the use of high-frequency ultrasonography
Authors:   Zdrowie i Uroda „Malina-med”, Malinowska Sylwia , Marczak Iwona ,   Centrum Naukowo-Badawcze Dr Irena Eris, Pasikowska-Piwko Monika ,   Centrum Naukowo-Badawcze Dr Irena Eris, Mlosek Robert Krzysztof ,   Pracownia Diagnostyki Ultrasonograficznej, Wydział Lekarsko-Stomatologiczny Warszawskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego, Mazowiecki Szpital Bródnowski
Published: February 2024

With the launch of new cosmetics and cosmetic therapies, there is a growing awareness among customers who increasingly expect reliable evidence of the efficacy of these products. This requires conducting application studies, which frequently rely on self-evaluation or visual assessment of participants due to the absence of diagnostic tools, hence impeding the generation of relevant results. High-frequency ultrasonography is a promising approach that can be used to address this deficiency by enabling the non-invasive monitoring of alterations in the skin. This study aimed to describe the findings about the effectiveness of a moisturiser, which was evaluated by highfrequency ultrasonography. The collected results have verified that modifications in the parameters examined can be utilised to assess the effectiveness of the preparation. The results of this study support the conclusion that ultrasonography is a valuable technique for evaluating the effectiveness of cosmetic products and can be extensively employed for this purpose.
ФИЗИКО-ХИМИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ МАТЕРИАЛОВЕДЕНИЯ ДЛЯ СУДЕБНЫХ ЭКСПЕРТОВ
Authors: Кочемировская С. В. , Соколов И. А. , Мохоров Д. А. , Фогель А. А. , Кочемировский В. А.
Published: February 2024

В пособии изложены основные химические принципы и законы, которые следует учитывать и использовать при разработке и освоении технологических процессов при работе с различными веществами и изделиями. Материал, изложенный в пособии, не перегружен экспериментальными и теоретическими выкладками, а сконцентрирован на практических и прикладных аспектах химии, с тем чтобы прочитавшие его студенты и специалисты могли получить новые и освежить старые знания и навыки, необходимые в практической работе. Пособие предназначено для студентов вузов, обучающихся по направлению подготовки 40.05.03 «Судебная экспертиза», и студентов других специальностей, в которых химия не является основным профилирующим предметом, но необходима как важная часть общего кругозора и как инструмент решения многих прикладных задач. К ним относятся в том числе специальности 22.03.01 «Материаловедение и технологии материалов», 22.03.02 «Металлургия». Пособие полезно и специалистам, работающим в промышленности, в технологических и аналитических лабораториях, в том числе экспертных и криминалистических.
МЕЖДУНАРОДНОЕ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ ПРАВО
Authors: Долженкова Е. , Мохорова А. Ю.
Published: February 2024

Учебное пособие раскрывает основные понятия, положения и современные тенденции развития международного экологического права на универсальном и региональном уровнях, что дает возможность читателю сформировать базовые знания о международных нормах, действующим в качестве инструмента противодействия разрушению экологических систем. В центре международного экологического права находится индивид, что отражается в антропологическом подходе рассмотрения норм права окружающей среды: в учебном пособие отдельное место уделяется устойчивому развитию и месту индивида в системе норм и принципов международного экологического права. Рассмотрены проблемы обеспечения безопасности окружающей среды развитых и развивающихся стран, а также ответственность международного сообщества в экологической сфере. Учебное пособие предназначено для обучающихся высших учебных заведений бакалавриата и магистратуры.
ПЕРФОРАЦИИ КОРОНАРНЫХ АРТЕРИЙ ПРИ ЧРЕСКОЖНЫХ КОРОНАРНЫХ ВМЕШАТЕЛЬСТВАХ: АКТУАЛЬНЫЙ ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ И КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ СЛУЧАИ
Authors: Семиголовский Н. Ю. , Баллюзек М. Ф. , Мазуренко С. О. , Балукова Е. В.
Published: February 2024

Чрескожные коронарные вмешательства стали в наше время рутинным массовым методом лечения острых и хронических форм ишемической болезни сердца. Ежегодно в мире выполняются миллионы вмешательств, и сотни тысяч – в России. Перфорации коронарных артерий среди осложнений являются редкими, но весьма опасными, способными приводить к летальному исходу с развитием тампонады перикарда и кардиогенного шока обструктивного типа. Помимо обзора современных литературных данных приводится анализ 3 случаев развития гемотампонады у лиц старческого возраста. Рассматриваются вопросы мультидисциплинарного подхода в диагностике и лечении.
ПЕРСПЕКТИВА ДИАГНОСТИКИ АУТОИММУННЫХ АРТРОПАТИЙ НА ОСНОВЕ ЦИТОКИНОВЫХ ПРОФИЛЕЙ
Authors: Козлова Д. И. , Хижа В. В. , Рыбаков А. В. , Юрьева К. А. , Выборная В. Д. , Баллюзек М. Ф.
Published: February 2024

Традиционные маркеры острой фазы не информативны для диагностики и оценки активности ревматоидного и псориатического артритов, анкилозирующего спондилита, системной красной волчанки, а комбинированные индексы имеют существенную долю субъективизма. Изучение особенностей цитокиновых профилей крайне актуально для внедрения методик, отражающих иммуновоспаление.
РИСК РАЗВИТИЯ ИММУНООПОСРЕДОВАННЫХ НЕЖЕЛАТЕЛЬНЫХ ЯВЛЕНИЙ ВСЛЕДСТВИЕ ДИСБАЛАНСА ЦИТОКИНОВ НА ФОНЕ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ИНГИБИТОРОВ КОНТРОЛЬНЫХ ТОЧЕК ИММУННОГО ОТВЕТА ПРИ ТЕРАПИИ ЗЛОКАЧЕСТВЕННЫХ НОВООБРАЗОВАНИЙ
Authors: Козлова Д. И. , Хижа В. В. , Стрельцова А. А. , Баллюзек М. Ф. , Кузин С. О. , Шолохов Г. В. , Хайманова Д. Г.
Published: February 2024

Обладающие высокой клинической эффективностью ингибиторы контрольных точек иммунитета в то же время существенно влияют на баланс целого ряда регуляторных молекул иммунной системы, таких как цитокины и хемокины, приводя к развитию разнообразных по локализации и степени выраженности иммуноопосредованных нежелательных явлений, таких как аутоиммунные заболевания.
РАННИЕ ОСЛОЖНЕНИЯ ПОСЛЕ БАРИАТРИЧЕСКОЙ (МЕТАБОЛИЧЕСКОЙ) ХИРУРГИИ. ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ
Authors: Мациевская А. Ю. , Шолохов Г. В. , Неймарк А. Е. , Баллюзек М. Ф. , Ельцин С. С. , Черепанов Д. Ф.
Published: February 2024

Востребованность бариатрической хирургии обусловлена ростом числа пациентов с тяжелым течением ожирения. Эффективность данных операций может составлять до 60 % потери массы тела от исходного веса. В данном обзоре были рассмотрены ранние постоперационные осложнения после метаболической хирургии.
Historic Disclosures About Blurry Motives of Politicization in Pakistan’s Judiciary
Authors: Muhammad Riaz  , Turab ul Hassan Sargana
Published: February 2024

The constitutional role of state institutions is very important for the stability of an independent state. Every independent state has three main pillar Executive, Legislature and Judiciary. While the judiciary being an important pillar in any state, plays a crucial role in maintaining of law and order, and peace along with political stability. In case of Pakistan judiciary as seen under politicization. Thus in Pakistan, there state institutions have been facing inner political interference in every era. Therefor the Constituent Assembly and Judiciary had completely failed to play its own constitutional role. The Constituent Assembly real task is legislation and Executive’s work to implement it. But the work of Judiciary is more important than these two institutions, it reviews and also interprets the laws made by the Constituent Assembly. So that, the supremacy of justice has been established in the country. But the judiciary involved along with the Executive remained the seat of politics for their own benefits. The basic purpose of this research article is to identify historic disclosures about blurry motives of politicization in Pakistan’s judiciary.      
 
The judiciary must be strengthened and
released from political. interference.
----Aung San Suu Kyi---
Virtual Reality in Mental Health Interventions: A Mini-Review
Authors:   Innovation and Research Department, Badalona Serveis Assistencials, Badalona, Spain, Costa Jose Ferrer
Published: February 2024

The escalating incidence of mental health disorders calls for innovative therapeutic interventions. Virtual Reality (VR) has emerged as a significant augmentation to traditional therapeutic strategies, including cognitive-behavioral therapy and exposure therapy.