bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The 1974 West Flank Eruption of Mount Etna: A Data-Driven Model for a Low Elevation Effusive Event
Authors: Lormand Charline , Harris Andrew J. L. , Chevrel Magdalena Oryaëlle , Calvari Sonia , Gurioli Lucia , Favalli Massimiliano , Fornaciai Alessandro , Nannipieri Luca
Published: December 2020

Low elevation flank eruptions represent highly hazardous events due to their location near, or in, communities. Their potentially high effusion rates can feed fast moving lava flows that enter populated areas with little time for warning or evacuation, as was the case at Nyiragongo in 1977. The January–March 1974 eruption on the western flank of Mount Etna, Italy, was a low elevation effusive event, but with low effusion rates. It consisted of two eruptive phases, separated by 23 days of quiescence, and produced two lava flow fields. We describe the different properties of the two lava flow fields through structural and morphological analyses using UAV-based photogrammetry, plus textural and rheological analyses of samples. Phase I produced lower density (∼2,210 kg m−3) and crystallinity (∼37%) lavas at higher eruption temperatures (∼1,080°C), forming thinner (2–3 m) flow units with less-well-developed channels than Phase II. Although Phase II involved an identical source magma, it had higher densities (∼2,425 kg m−3) and crystallinities (∼40%), and lower eruption temperatures (∼1,030°C), forming thicker (5 m) flow units with well-formed channels. These contrasting properties were associated with distinct rheologies, Phase I lavas having lower viscosities (∼103 Pa s) than Phase II (∼105 Pa s). Effusion rates were higher during Phase I (≥5 m3/s), but the episodic, short-lived nature of each lava flow emplacement event meant that flows were volume-limited and short (≤1.5 km). Phase II effusion rates were lower (≤4 m3/s), but sustained effusion led to flow units that could still extend 1.3 km, although volume limits resulted from levee failure and flow avulsion to form new channels high in the lava flow system. We present a petrologically-based model whereby a similar magma fed both phases, but slower ascent during Phase II may have led to greater degrees of degassing resulting in higher cooling-induced densities and crystallinities, as well as lower temperatures. We thus define a low effusion rate end-member scenario for low elevation effusive events, revealing that such events are not necessarily of high effusion rate and velocity, as in the catastrophic event scenarios of Etna 1669 or Kilauea 2018.
Classification of a Complexly Mixed Magnetic Mineral Assemblage in Pacific Ocean Surface Sediment by Electron Microscopy and Supervised Magnetic Unmixing
Authors: Li Jinhua , Liu Yan , Liu Shuangchi , Roberts Andrew Philip , Pan Hongmiao , Xiao Tian , Pan Yongxin
Published: December 2020

Unambiguous magnetic mineral identification in sediments is a prerequisite for reconstructing paleomagnetic and paleoenvironmental information from environmental magnetic parameters. We studied a deep-sea surface sediment sample from the Clarion Fracture Zone region, central Pacific Ocean, by combining magnetic measurements and scanning and transmission electron microscopic analyses. Eight titanomagnetite and magnetite particle types are recognized based on comprehensive documentation of crystal morphology, size, spatial arrangements, and compositions, which are indicative of their corresponding origins. Type-1 particles are detrital titanomagnetites with micron- and submicron sizes and irregular and angular shapes. Type-2 and -3 particles are well-defined octahedral titanomagnetites with submicron and nanometer sizes, respectively, which are likely related to local hydrothermal and volcanic activity. Type-4 particles are nanometer-sized titanomagnetites hosted within silicates, while type-5 particles are typical dendrite-like titanomagnetites that likely resulted from exsolution within host silicates. Type-6 particles are single domain magnetite magnetofossils related to local magnetotactic bacterial activity. Type-7 particles are superparamagnetic magnetite aggregates, while Type-8 particles are defect-rich single crystals composed of many small regions. Electron microscopy and supervised magnetic unmixing reveal that type-1 to -5 titanomagnetite and magnetite particles are the dominant magnetic minerals. In contrast, the magnetic contribution of magnetite magnetofossils appears to be small. Our work demonstrates that incorporating electron microscopic data removes much of the ambiguity associated with magnetic mineralogical interpretations in traditional rock magnetic measurements.
Exploring Vitamin B1 Cycling and Its Connections to the Microbial Community in the North Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Suffridge Christopher P. , Bolaños Luis M. , Bergauer Kristin , Worden Alexandra Z. , Morré Jeff , Behrenfeld Michael J. , Giovannoni Stephen J.
Published: December 2020

Vitamin B1 (thiamin) is an essential coenzyme for all cells. Recent findings from experimental cell biology and genome surveys have shown that thiamin cycling by plankton is far more complex than was previously understood. Many plankton cells cannot produce thiamin (are auxotrophic) and obligately require an exogenous source of thiamin or one or more of 5 different thiamin-related compounds (TRCs). Despite this emerging evidence for the evolution among plankton of complex interactions related to thiamin, the influence of TRCs on plankton community structure and productivity are not understood. We report measurements of three dissolved TRCs 4-amino-5-aminomethyl-2-methylpyrimidine (AmMP), 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methyl-1,3-thiazole-2-carboxylic acid (cHET), and 4-methyl-5-thiazoleethanol (HET) that have never before been assayed in seawater. Here we characterize them alongside other TRCs that were measured previously [thiamin and 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine (HMP)], in depth profiles from a latitudinal transect in the north Atlantic in March 2018. TRC concentrations ranged from femptomolar to picomolar. Surface depletion relative to a maximum near the bottom of the euphotic zone and low concentrations at deeper depths were consistent features. Our observations suggest that when bacterial abundance and production are low, TRC concentrations approach a steady state where TRC production and consumption terms are balanced. Standing stocks of TRCs also appear to be positively correlated with bacterial production. However, near the period of peak biomass in the accumulation phase of a bloom we observed an inverse relationship between TRCs and bacterial production, coincident with an increased abundance of Flavobacteria that comparative genomics indicates could be vitamin B1 auxotrophs. While these observations suggest that the dissolved pool of TRCs is often at steady state, with TRC production and consumption balanced, our data suggests that bloom induced shifts in microbial community structure and activity may cause a decoupling between TRC production and consumption, leading to increased abundances of some populations of bacteria that are putatively vitamin B1 auxotrophs.
Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases in Human Isolates of Multidrug-Resistant Non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica
Authors: Sedrakyan Anahit M. , Ktsoyan Zhanna A. , Arakelova Karine A. , Zakharyan Magdalina K. , Hovhannisyan Alvard I. , Gevorgyan Zaruhi U. , Mnatsakanyan Armine A. , Kakabadze Elene G. , Makalatia Khatuna B. , Chanishvili Nina A. , Pirnay Jean-Paul , Arakelyan Arsen A. , Aminov Rustam I.
Published: December 2020

A total of 291 non-duplicate isolates of non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) were collected from the fecal samples of patients with salmonellosis in Armenia and Georgia during 1996–2016. The isolates were tested for resistance to antimicrobials, including extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL). The high prevalence of multidrug-resistance (MDR) and ESBL-producer phenotypes was detected among Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) isolates collected from patients in Armenia between 1996 and 2016. A total of 36 MDR NTS isolates were subjected to whole genome sequencing (WGS) to determine the genetic background of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and mobile genetic elements. All ESBL-producing S. Typhimurium isolates belonged to the same sequence type (ST328). The ESBL-producer phenotype was associated with plasmid-encoded CTX-M-5 production. A range of other plasmids was associated with resistance to other antimicrobials, including the MDR phenotype.
Nutritional Interventions in Cancer Cachexia: Evidence and Perspectives From Experimental Models
Authors: van de Worp Wouter R. P. H. , Schols Annemie M. W. J. , Theys Jan , van Helvoort Ardy , Langen Ramon C. J.
Published: December 2020

Cancer cachexia is a complex metabolic syndrome characterized by involuntary skeletal muscle loss and is associated with poor clinical outcome, decreased survival and negatively influences cancer therapy. No curative treatments are available for cancer cachexia, but nutritional intervention is recommended as a cornerstone of multimodal therapy. Optimal nutritional care is pivotal in the treatment of cancer cachexia, and the effects of nutrients may extend beyond provision of adequate energy uptake, targeting different mechanisms or metabolic pathways that are affected or deregulated by cachexia. The evidence to support this notion derived from nutritional intervention studies in experimental models of cancer cachexia is systematically discussed in this review. Moreover, experimental variables and readout parameters to determine skeletal muscle wasting and cachexia are methodologically evaluated to allow critical comparison of similar studies. Single- and multinutrient intervention studies including qualitative modulation of dietary protein, dietary fat, and supplementation with specific nutrients, such as carnitine and creatine, were reviewed for their efficacy to counteract muscle mass loss and its underlying mechanisms in experimental cancer cachexia. Numerous studies showed favorable effects on impaired protein turnover and related metabolic abnormalities of nutritional supplementation in parallel with a beneficial impact on cancer-induced muscle wasting. The combination of high quality nutrients in a multitargeted, multinutrient approach appears specifically promising, preferentially as a multimodal intervention, although more studies investigating the optimal quantity and combination of nutrients are needed. During the review process, a wide variation in timing, duration, dosing, and route of supplementation, as well as a wide variation in animal models were observed. Better standardization in dietary design, and the development of experimental models that better recapitulate the etiology of human cachexia, will further facilitate successful translation of experimentally-based multinutrient, multimodal interventions into clinical practice.
Prognostic Significance of Immunohistochemical Markers and Genetic Alterations in Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors: A Systematic Review
Authors: Martin Enrico , Acem Ibtissam , Grünhagen Dirk J. , Bovée Judith V. M. G. , Verhoef Cornelis
Published: December 2020

Background

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are aggressive soft tissue sarcomas with dismal prognosis. Pathological and genetic markers may predict more aggressive behavior in MPNSTs but have uncommonly been investigated, and few are used in daily practice. This study reviews the prognostic value of immunohistochemical markers and genetic alterations in MPNST.

Methods

A systematic search was performed in PubMed and Embase databases according to the PRISMA guidelines. Search terms related to ‘MPNST’ and ‘prognostic’ were used. Studies investigating the association of immunohistochemical markers or genetic alterations with prognosis were included. Qualitative synthesis was performed on all studies. A distinction was made between univariable and multivariable associations.

Results

Forty-six studies were included after full-text screening. Sixty-seven different immunohistochemical markers were investigated. Absence of S100 and H3K27me3 and high Ki67 and p53 staining was most commonly independently associated with worse survival and disease-free survival. Several genetic alterations were investigated as well with varying association to survival. TP53, CDK4, RASSF1A alterations were independently associated with worse survival, as well as changes in chromosomal length in Xp, 10q, and 16p.

Conclusions

MPNSTs harbor complex and heterogeneous biology. Immunohistochemical markers and genetic alterations have variable prognostic value. Absence of S100 and H3K27me3 and increased Ki67 can be of prognostic value. Alterations in TP53 or increase in p53 staining may distinguish MPNSTs with worse outcomes. Genetic alterations and staining of other cell cycle regulatory and Ras pathway proteins may also help stratifying patients with worse outcomes. A combination of markers can increase the prognostic value.
Endothelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Pulmonary Vascular Diseases
Authors: Yun Eunsik , Kook Yunjin , Yoo Kyung Hyun , Kim Keun Il , Lee Myeong-Sok , Kim Jongmin , Lee Aram
Published: December 2020

Lung diseases, such as pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary fibrosis, are life-threatening diseases and have common features of vascular remodeling. During progression, extracellular matrix protein deposition and dysregulation of proteolytic enzymes occurs, which results in vascular stiffness and dysfunction. Although vasodilators or anti-fibrotic therapy have been mainly used as therapy owing to these characteristics, their effectiveness does not meet expectations. Therefore, a better understanding of the etiology and new therapeutic approaches are needed. Endothelial cells (ECs) line the inner walls of blood vessels and maintain vascular homeostasis by protecting vascular cells from pathological stimuli. Chronic stimulation of ECs by various factors, including pro-inflammatory cytokines and hypoxia, leads to ECs undergoing an imbalance of endothelial homeostasis, which results in endothelial dysfunction and is closely associated with vascular diseases. Emerging studies suggest that endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) contributes to endothelial dysfunction and plays a key role in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. EndMT is a process by which ECs lose their markers and show mesenchymal-like morphological changes, and gain mesenchymal cell markers. Despite the efforts to elucidate these molecular mechanisms, the role of EndMT in the pathogenesis of lung disease still requires further investigation. Here, we review the importance of EndMT in the pathogenesis of pulmonary vascular diseases and discuss various signaling pathways and mediators involved in the EndMT process. Furthermore, we will provide insight into the therapeutic potential of targeting EndMT.
Modeling Interactions between Graphene and Heterogeneous Molecules
Authors: Stevens Kyle , Tran-Duc Thien , Thamwattana Ngamta , Hill James M.
Published: December 2020

The Lennard–Jones potential and a continuum approach can be used to successfully model interactions between various regular shaped molecules and nanostructures. For single atomic species molecules, the interaction can be approximated by assuming a uniform distribution of atoms over surfaces or volumes, which gives rise to a constant atomic density either over or throughout the molecule. However, for heterogeneous molecules, which comprise more than one type of atoms, the situation is more complicated. Thus far, two extended modeling approaches have been considered for heterogeneous molecules, namely a multi-surface semi-continuous model and a fully continuous model with average smearing of atomic contribution. In this paper, we propose yet another modeling approach using a single continuous surface, but replacing the atomic density and attractive and repulsive constants in the Lennard–Jones potential with functions, which depend on the heterogeneity across the molecules, and the new model is applied to study the adsorption of coronene onto a graphene sheet. Comparison of results is made between the new model and two other existing approaches as well as molecular dynamics simulations performed using the LAMMPS molecular dynamics simulator. We find that the new approach is superior to the other continuum models and provides excellent agreement with molecular dynamics simulations.
Professionally Delivered Local Antimicrobials in the Treatment of Patients with Periodontitis—A Narrative Review
Authors: Sholapurkar Amar , Sharma Dileep , Glass Beverley , Miller Catherine , Nimmo Alan , Jennings Ernest
Published: December 2020

This review sheds light on the recent published scientific evidence relating to the use of professionally delivered local antimicrobial agents (LA’s). The review also analyses drug delivery systems available to date and provides an update on the latest scientific evidence about the benefits, limitations, and clinical results obtained by use of local drugs in the treatment of periodontal disease. The search strategy revealed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the efficacy of adjunctive LA’s to mechanical therapy alone. Based on the available evidence gathered from this review, we can infer that the use of local antimicrobial agents in conjunction to scaling and root debridement (SRD) delivers significant benefits in periodontal therapy and it is a useful aid, avoiding many of the side effects that systemic antibiotic therapy may involve. Local drug delivery (LDD) is an efficient and effective means of delivering drugs based on the evidence presented in the review. The authors of this review would suggest the use of local antimicrobials in cases of localized periodontitis or individual areas that do not respond to the usual mechanical therapy alone. This review summarizes the current use of local drug delivery in periodontal management ensuring that the general practitioners are able to choose an appropriate local antimicrobial.
A Survey on Dietary Supplement Consumption in Amateur and Professional Rugby Players
Authors: Sánchez-Oliver Antonio Jesús , Domínguez Raúl , López-Tapia Paola , Tobal Francisco Miguel , Jodra Pablo , Montoya Juan José , Guerra-Hernández Eduardo J. , Ramos-Álvarez Juan José
Published: December 2020

Purpose: the aim of the present study was to analyse the pattern of dietary supplements (DS) consumption on federated rugby players, including the analysis of differences based on the sex and competitive level (professional vs. amateurs). Material and methods: 144 rugby players (83 male and 61 female), of whom 69 were professionals and 75 amateurs, were recruited for the study. All the participants filled out a specific questionnaire about DS consumption including questions related to the consumption of DS and their effects on sport performance and health status. Results: 65.3% of participants declared consuming at least one DS, with a higher prevalence in males than females (77.1% vs. 49.2%) and in professionals thanin amateur players (79.7% vs. 52.0%). The main reason for consumption was to enhance sport performance (62.3%) with differences only based on sex (74.3% males vs. 43.2% females). The most common purchase sites were the Internet (45.6%) and specialised stores (39.8%). As to the moment of ingestion, professionals did this most frequently during competition and training (56.4% vs. 28.2%), whereas amateur players did so only during competition (20.5% vs. 3.6%). Moreover, professional player intake most frequently in post-exercise (65.5% vs. 35.9%), whereas amateur during pre-exercise (30.8% vs. 5.5%). The DS most consumed included whey protein (44%), caffeine (42%), sports drinks (38%), energy bars (34%) and creatine monohydrate (31%), with a higher prevalence in male and professional players of whey protein and creatine monohydrate. Conclusions: The main reason for DS consumption is for enhancing sports performance). Professional players more frequently purchase them on the Internet and consume DS during training and competition period and in the post-exercise, whereas amateur players consume during competition and pre-exercise. Related to the main form of DS consumption, it is observed that a moderate consumption of DS could be considered ergogenic, such as whey protein, sport bar and creatine, while an absence of other DS could be considered ergogenic.
Safety and Efficacy of Intermittent High-Dose Liposomal Amphotericin B Antifungal Prophylaxis in Haemato-Oncology: An Eight-Year Single-Centre Experience and Review of the Literature
Authors: Youngs Jonathan , Low Jen Mae , Whitney Laura , Logan Clare , Chase Janice , Yau Ting , Klammer Matthias , Koh Mickey , Bicanic Tihana
Published: December 2020

Triazoles remain first-line agents for antifungal prophylaxis in high-risk haemato-oncology patients, but their use is increasingly contraindicated due to drug–drug interactions and additive toxicities with novel treatments. In this retrospective, single-centre, observational study, we present our eight-year experience of antifungal prophylaxis using intermittent high-dose liposomal Amphotericin B (L-AmB). All adults identified through our Antifungal Stewardship Programme as receiving L-AmB prophylaxis at 7.5 mg/kg once-weekly between February 2012 and January 2020 were included. Adverse reactions, including infusion reactions, electrolyte loss, and nephrotoxicity, were recorded. ‘Breakthrough’ invasive fungal infection (IFI) occurring within four weeks of L-AmB was classified using European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Invasive Fungal Infections Cooperative Group and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group (EORTC/MSG) criteria. Moreover, 114 courses of intermittent high-dose L-AmB prophylaxis administered to 92 unique patients were analysed. Hypokalaemia was the most common grade 3–4 adverse event, with 26 (23%) courses. Grade 3 nephrotoxicity occurred in 8 (7%) and reversed in all six patients surviving to 90 days. There were two (1.8%) episodes of breakthrough IFI, one ‘probable’ and one ‘possible’. In this study, the largest evaluation of intermittent high-dose L-AmB prophylaxis conducted to date, toxicity was manageable and reversible and breakthrough IFI was rare. L-AmB prophylaxis represents a viable alternative for patients with a contraindication to triazoles.
Subspace Based Model Identification for an Industrial Bioreactor: Handling Infrequent Sampling Using Missing Data Algorithms
Authors: Patel Nikesh , Corbett Brandon , Trygg Johan , McCready Chris , Mhaskar Prashant
Published: December 2020

This manuscript addresses the problem of modeling an industrial (Sartorius) bioreactor using process data. In the context of the Sartorius Bioreactor, it is important to appropriately address the problem of dealing with a large number of variables, which are not always measured or are measured at different sampling rates, without taking recourse to simpler interpolation- or imputation-based approaches. To this end, a dynamic model for the Sartorius Bioreactor is developed via appropriately adapting a recently presented subspace model identification technique, which in turn uses nonlinear iterative partial least squares (NIPALS) algorithms to gracefully handle the missing data. The other key contribution is evaluating the ability of the identification approach to provide insight into the process by computing interpretable variables such as metabolite rates. The results demonstrate the ability of the proposed approach to model data from the Sartorius Bioreactor.
Comparative Study on CFD Turbulence Models for the Flow Field in Air Cooled Radiator
Authors: Yu Chao , Xue Xiangyao , Shi Kui , Shao Mingzhen , Liu Yang
Published: December 2020

This paper compares the performances of three Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) turbulence models, Reynolds Average Navier-Stokes (RANS), Detached Eddy Simulation (DES), and Large Eddy Simulation (LES), for simulating the flow field of a wheel loader engine compartment. The distributions of pressure fields, velocity fields, and vortex structures in a hybrid-grided engine compartment model are analyzed. The result reveals that the LES and DES can capture the detachment and breakage of the trailing edge more abundantly and meticulously than RANS. Additionally, by comparing the relevant calculation time, the feasibility of the DES model is proved to simulate the three-dimensional unsteady flow of engine compartment efficiently and accurately. This paper aims to provide a guiding idea for simulating the transient flow field in the engine compartment, which could serve as a theoretical basis for optimizing and improving the layout of the components of the engine compartment.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ПРОЧНОСТНЫХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК БЕТОНА
ЗАТВОРЕННЫХ НА АКТИВИРОВАННОЙ ВОДЕ
Authors:   Бектемирова М.А., Исмаилова Н.Т.
Published: December 2020

В работе приведены результаты экспериментальных исследований механических
свойств бетона на активированной воде затворения. Установлено, что применение в бетоне
воды затворения, обработанной постоянным электрическим током напряжением 110 В,
позволяет интенсифицировать процессы растворения и гидратации цемента, увеличить
содержание гидросиликатов кальция и, как следствие, повысить прочность бетонов. Из
результатов исследования следует, что для бетона характерно повышение прочности в
случае применения активированной воды затворения. При использовании в строительных
конструкциях бетона рекомендуется использовать при затворении воду, обработанную
постоянным электрическим током напряжением 110 В.
KAPABILITAS DYNAMIC GOVERNANCE PEMERINTAH KOTA PEKANBARU DALAM PEMBERLAKUAN NEW NORMAL DI MASA PANDEMI COVID19
Authors: Mayarni Mayarni
Published: December 2020

bertujuan mengungkapkan adanya antisipasi Covid19 di masa new normal melalui kebijakan, pemahaman pencapaian tujuan yang harus dapat dipahami secara menyeluruh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk Untukmengetahui Kapabilitas Dynamic Governance serta faktor penghambat  Pemerintah Kota Pekanbaru Dalam Memberlakukan New Normal di masa pandemic covid19.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif yang berlandaskan pada filsafat postpositivisme atau enterpretif, digunakan untuk meneliti pada kondisi obyek yang alamiah, dimana peneliti adalah sebagai instrumen kunci. Hasil penelitian ini adalah Konsep kapabilitas dinamis menjadi aspek yang paling esensial dalam upaya pemerintah Kota Pekanbaru untuk meraih keunggulan kompetitif yang mampu mengantisipasi pandemicCovid19 dan memanfaatkan peluang guna mendukung tercapainya tujuan yang diharapkan, sehingga dapat menghasilkan dan mengimplementasikan kebijakan adaptif (adaptive policy) melalui pengembangan dynamic capabilities (mencakup kemampuan thinking ahead, thinking again dan thinking across) pada proses pemberlakuan new normal di masa pandemic Covid19.

 

Kata Kunci: Dynamic Governance Capabilites, New Normal, Coronavirus Disease19
A Study on the Shift of Learning Towards online Platform in the Pandemic Situation
Authors: Manimaran P , Kasirajan M
Published: December 2020

The main aim of this article is to explore the recent developments in the field of education. Due to the widespread of this COVID 19 virus lockdown were implemented in various parts of this globe. In the same manner, educational institutions remain closed due to this pandemic situation. So, the government and the educational institutions shift towards the online mode of teaching to the students. This paper explores both the advantages and the disadvantages to the students and the teachers in utilising the online mode of teaching.
Sikap Perawat Terhadap Pasien Menjelang Ajal Dan Sikap Terhadap Kematian
Authors: Perangin-angin Mori Agustina , Nainggolan Gallant Deva
Published: December 2020

Merawat pasien menjelang ajal merupakan pengalaman yang kurang menyenangkan bagi perawat karena bisa menimbulkan rasa takut, cemas, sedih dan frustasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan antara sikap perawat pasien menjelang ajal dan sikap terhadap kematian. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif korelasi dengan menggunakan tehnik convinence sampling kepada 95 perawat yang bekerja di Rumah Sakit Advent Bandung. Pengumpulan data dilakukan pada bulan Oktober - November 2019. Untuk mengukur sikap perawat terhadap pasien menjelang ajal digunakan kuesioner Frommelt’s Attitude Toward Care of the Dying (FATCOD) scale. Sedangkan untuk mengukur sikap perawat terhadap kematian digunakan kuesioner Death Attittudes Profile-Revised (DAP-R). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar perawat memiliki sikap yang negatif terhadap pasien menjelang ajal (dying attitude) yaitu 83%  dan 81.1% menunjukkan sikap yang negatif terhadap kematian (death attitude). Hasil uji-t dan uji-F menunjukkan bahwa unit kerja dan pelatihan paliatif mempunyai hubungan yang positif terhadap perawatan menjelang ajal dengan nilai sig< 0.05. Oleh karena itu penulis menyarankan agar perawat diberikan pelatihan tentang perawatan paliatif agar dapat meningkatkan sikap yang positif dalam merawat pasien menjelang ajal dan sikap terhadap kematian. Kata kunci: kematian; menjelang ajal; sikap perawatNURSE’S BEHAVIOR TOWARD DEATH AND DYING PATIENT ABSTRACT Caring for a dying patient is an unpleasant experience because nurses can feel frightened, anxiety, sadness, and frustration. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between nurse’s behavior towards death and dying patient. Data collection was conducted from October - November 2019 to 95 nurses at Adven Hospital of Bandung using a convenience sampling technique and descriptive correlation method using Frommelt's Attitude toward Care of the Dying (FATCOD) scale and Death Attitudes Profile-Revised (DAP-R) questionnaire. The results of this study indicate that the majority (87.4 %) of nurses have a negative dying attitude, and 81.1 % of nurses have a negative death attitude. F-test and t-test show that the work unit and palliative training have a significant correlation (sig <0.05) to nurses’ dying attitude. Therefore the authors suggest that nurses need to take palliative training to enhance nurses' positive dying attitudes and death attitudes. Keyword: death; dying; nurse attitude
Fantasias sexuais
Authors: Cavalcanti Mabel
Published: December 2020

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Aspectos éticos da terapia sexual
Authors: Vitiello Nelson
Published: December 2020

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Transexualismo
Authors: Almeida Sérgio José Alves de , Rogério Garcia Fúlvio , Watanabe Karina Paula
Published: December 2020

O estudo da identidade cruzada tomou um novo impulso no país em 1997, depois da liberação, pelo Conselho Federal de Medicina, da ci­ rurgia de transgenitalização. Este trabalho tem co mo objetivo a análise de um transexual da cidade de Mirasso l, 30 anos e que tem sob sua guar­ da um menino de 7 anos. A análise do caso foi feita através de visitas domiciliares, entrevi stas individuais e familiares, realizadas pelo depar­ tamento de Psiquiatria e Psicologia Médica da Famerp de São José do Rio Preto. Foi possível verificar através do estudo que o presente caso apresenta os principais fundamentos teóricos do estudo da transexuali­ dade: isto é, a questão da identidade, da orientação sexual e dos papéis sócio-sexuais.
A COMPARISON BETWEEN FEMORAL NERVE BLOCK AND LOCAL INFILTRATION ANALGESIA WITH ROPIVACAINE: A PROSPECTIVE , COMPARATIVE AND OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
Authors: Huda Aamir , Hajra Bimal Kumar , Mitra Payel , Banerjee Preeti , Jana Debarshi
Published: December 2020

Background: postoperative pain is a type of acute pain in the immediate postoperative period which has both pathophysiological and therapeutic point of view. Different drugs through different routes are being used for relief of postoperative pain. we have analysed the efficacy of two different routes via femoral nerve block and local infiltration of ropivacaine for post-arthoscopic pain relief.
Materials and methods: we have conducted the study from November 2017 to March 2018.60 patients undergoing arthoscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery wer randomly assigned into two groups;in a double blinded manner( group 1 and group 2). Group 1 received 0.2% of 20ml ropivacaine for blocking the femoral nerve of the affected limb whereas group 2 received the same drug through local infiltration of wound edges and subcutaneous plane. Pain was assessed using visual analogue scale(VAS) and rescue analgesia with 75mg injection diclofenac was given on demand when VAS score is >4 and number of times injection diclofenac was given in the 24 hours postoperative period.
Analysis: demographic variables were quite comparable between the groups. The mean number of times of rescue analgesia was high in group 2 (2.9333+/-0.9444) than group 1 whose mean number of rescue analgesia was 1.4667+/- 0.7761 and difference of mean was statistically significant ( p<0.0001).
Conclusion: compared with local infiltration of ropivacaine femoral nerve block with ropivacaine provides better analgesia after ACL reconstruction with lesser diclofenac consumption and lower VAS score.
LEVEL OF STRESS AMONG THE 1ST YEAR B.SC NURSING STUDENTS
Authors: Vyas Dhara Yagnang
Published: December 2020

Introduction:
Stress is a state of physical and psychological strain which imposes demands for adjustments upon the individual. It has been reported that student nurses are affected with the stressors in academic, clinical, financial, due to parental expectations, competition for grades, and career choices.
OBJECTIVES
1. To assess the level of stress among 1st year B.Sc nursing students.
2. To fine out association with the level of stress with their socio demographic variables of 1st year B.Sc nursing students.
Methodology: A quantitative research approach, descriptive research design was adopted for the study. A sample of 60 students 1st year B.Sc nursing were selected by purposive sampling technique. Modified student stress scale was used to assess the level of stress. The data was analyzed by using the descriptive and inferential statistics i.e. frequency and percentage, mean, standard deviation,and chi-square.
Major findings of the study: 14(23%) students had mild stress, 40(67%) students had moderate stress, 6 (10%) students had severe stress. Association between the level of stress and socio demographic variables, there is a statistically significant association with gender and no significant association with other socio demographic variables such as such type of family, father’s education, mother’s education, father’s occupation, mother’s occupation, family income per month, type of residence, distance from residence.
Conclusion : The findings of study suggest that 1st year B.Sc nursing students have moderate level of stress which has no significant association with majority of socio demographic variables.
Рекреационные зоны Нижневартовска с учетом местных климатических особенностей
Authors: Кузнецова Эльза Афанасьевна , Кушанова Алия Ураловна
Published: December 2020

В статье рассматриваются объекты рекреационного назначения г.Нижневартовска на основе местных климатических особенностей. Основное внимание уделено анализу нормативно-правовых документов, регулирующих рекреационные зоны.
Влияние современных климатических изменений на здоровье населения: европейские исследования
Authors: Погонышева Ирина Александровна , Кузнецова Вера Петровна , Погонышев Денис Александрович
Published: December 2020

Статья посвящена исследованиям, проводимым в Европе в рамках выявления взаимосвязи изменения климата и здоровья человека. Отмечены ключевые положения и выводы обобщающих докладов Межправительственной группы экспертов по изменению климата. Рассмотрено прямое и косвенное влияние изменений климата на здоровье человека. Согласно исследованиям Европейского регионального бюро ВОЗ, основными опасными факторами, приводящими к увеличению бремени заболеваний населения, связанных с изменением климата, являются: волны жары и холода, экстремальные гидрометеорологические ситуации, дефицит питьевой воды надлежащего качества, нарушение инфраструктуры как следствие участившихся опасных гидрометеорологических явлений, повышение степени загрязнения атмосферного воздуха в крупных населенных пунктах, деградация зон вечной мерзлоты. Проанализированы инициативы в области адаптации к негативным изменениям климата, проводимые в Европейском регионе. Обзор оформлен с учетом рекомендаций руководства «Предпочтительные параметры отчетности для систематических обзоров и мета-анализа (PRISMA)». Для проведения информационного поиска использовались базы данных Scopus, Web of Science, eLIBRARY.RU, КиберЛенинка и другие.
Нравственная сущность человека в антропологическом учении Владимира Соловьева
Authors: Гутова Светлана Георгиевна , Патрахин А.И.
Published: December 2020

В статье анализируется антропологическое учение В. Соловьева. Рассматривается вопрос об эволюции нравственной сущности человека. Предметом исследования является характеристика особенностей человеческого бытия с позиции философии всеединства. Отмечается, что в философии В. Соловьева свобода человека связывается, с одной стороны, с его безусловной сущностью, с другой стороны она определяется решением нравственных вопросов, затрагивающих духовную эволюцию человечества в целом. В статье показано, что идея Богочеловечества у Соловьева является центральным понятием его антропологии.
Распространение картофеля на Тобольском Севере в XIX – начале ХХ вв.
Authors: Цысь Ольга Петровна
Published: December 2020

В статье характеризуется процесс распространения картофелеводства на Тобольском Севере в XIX – начале ХХ вв. Делается вывод, что в течение рассматриваемого периода культивирование картофеля превратилось из «любительских опытов» в важную отрасль местной экономики. Благодаря усилиям губернских чиновников и научных обществ удалось распространить новые, более продуктивные сорта картофеля и внедрить в сельскохозяйственную практику населения этот важный продукт питания.
Формирование образного представления в процессе изобразительной деятельности
Authors: Голосай Александр Викторович
Published: December 2020

В статье рассматриваются проблемы формирования образного представления в процессе изобразительной деятельности. Художественное творчество – это специфическая форма чувственного постижения мира, открывающая горизонты изобразительного искусства. Художник может работать либо непосредственно с натуры, либо без нее – по памяти, либо, наконец, по образному представлению. Такое деление достаточно условно, потому что все виды работы сопряжены друг с другом и обособление их здесь необходимо только для последовательности изложения. Восприятие художника для передачи какого-либо объекта изображения является сложным психологическим процессом, и это требует определенной подготовки в профессиональном становлении художника, творца.
Іншомовна освіта у технічних закладах вищої освіти Республіки Польщі
Authors: ОСІПЧУК Наталія , ОСАДЧА Наталія
Published: December 2020

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Národní muzeum jako vydavatel periodik v letech 1918–1993
Authors: Woitschová Klára
Published: December 2020

The publishing activity has been one of the important tasks of the National Museum since 1827, the year of the Journal of the National Museum’s (Časopis Národního muzea) publication. The text describes the development of the Museum’s publishing activities and covers their most significant features, such as working with internal and external authors, censorship, the internal mechanisms of publishing institute for specialized journals (the functioning of the editorial boards and the influence of the editors’ personalities) at the National Museum and problems related with the journals’ distribution to both the Czech, and foreign public. Attention is also paid to the technical difficulties involved in securing printing and sales of the museum’s periodicals.
Výstavní politika oddělení novodobých českých dějin v letech 1973–1989
Authors: Junek Marek
Published: December 2020

The National Museum started increasingly to engage in exhibitions devoted to twentieth-century history, subsequent to the foundation of the Department of modern Czech history. Until then, it had left this subject area to the Party museums in Prague. Individual exhibitions were particularly devoted to anniversaries marking the emergence of KSČ (the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia), the Slovak national uprising, the end of the War, the year 1948 and building socialism. They varied in standard, and were based on ideas from the document “Lessons from the evolution of the crisis in the party and society after the 13th KSČ congress of 1970” and on the associated museological methodologies. However, at the same time they were conceived in a manner that reflected the acquisition conception of the Department, and sought to present political as well as cultural, economic and social topics. They also endeavoured to portray everyday life. All these exhibitions may thus be considered a preparatory stage that culminated in the permanent exhibition on the history of the twentieth century.
Influence of Fat Burners and Functional Foods on Lipid Profile of Obese Rats
Authors: Jadir Haneen , Jassim Mohammed , Hussein Feryal
Published: December 2020

This study was designed to identify the effects of certain fat burners and functional foods on lipid profiles including total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoproteins (LDL-C), and antioxidants such as glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in adult male Sprague–Dawley rats. The rats were separated into seven groups, each group containing six rats. Both the (T1) negative and (T2) positive control groups and the five other groups were fed with a high-calorie diet to achieve obesity. After the end of the feeding period, over 56 days the rats were treated with Orlistat 0.3mg/g (T3), C4 RIPPED 1.2 mg/g (T4), Garcinia Herb 0.5 mg/g (T5), Ispaghula Herb 0.02g/g (T6), and Functional Yoghurt 1ml (T7). The results showed significantly increased (p≤0.05) cholesterol in the serum of T2 rats compared with T1 rats. Transactions with T3, T4, T5, T6, and T7 rats led to a significant decrease in TC. There was a significant increase in TG and LDL-C in T2 rats compared with T1 rats; a significant decrease occurred in the serum of the animals treated in groups T3, T4, T5, T6, T7 and T7. Rats in groups T3, T5, T6, and T7 showed increased GPx and decreased MDA compared with T1 and T4.
ANÁLISIS BIOQUÍMICO DE DOS FRACCIONES CON ACCIÓN ANTICOAGULANTE DE LAS HOJAS DE Oenothera rosea “CHUPASANGRE”
Authors: Yarlequé Mirtha , Zaldívar Miguel , Bonilla Bonilla , Yarlequé Armando
Published: December 2020

Tradicionalmente las hojas de Oenothera rosea “chupasangre” son usadas para reducir los hematomas, por lo que, esta investigación estuvo dirigida a la evaluación de los componentes capaces de retardar la coagulación sanguínea. Del extracto etanólico de O. rosea se separó por cromatografía de capa fina en celulosa, usando etanol: agua (1:5), dos fracciones F-2 y F-5, que luego fueron preincubadas por 10 minutos con trombina y el veneno de la serpiente Lachesis muta, rico en Enzima Semejante a Trombina (EST) y luego se midió la actividad coagulante sobre plasma humano citratado y fibrinógeno bovino (Fb), así como el sustrato cromogénico BApNA. Los resultados mostraron que F-2 alargó el tiempo de coagulación sobre Fb en 58,58 % y el F-5 en 67,78 %, mientras que usando veneno los retardos fueron para F-2 10,67 % y F-5 36,27 %. Usando plasma, los valores fueron para F-2 34,14 % y F-5 70,59 %. Asimismo, empleando trombina la actividad amidolítica se redujo en F-2 48,48 % y F-5 67,32 %, mientras que con la EST de L. muta la inhibición de F-2 50,20 % y F-5 69,10%. Mediante estos ensayos in vitro se concluye que F-2 y F-5 podrían ser flavonoides anticoagulantes, con probable acción antitrombolítica.
THE CONCEPT OF PROCEDURAL GUIDANCE IN CRIME INVESTIGATION
Authors: Гусак В.В.
Published: December 2020

Введение: в статье рассматривается понятие процессуального руководства расследованием преступлений, являющееся, по мнению автора, частным проявлением феномена управления в уголовном процессе России как отношений власти и подчинения. Непоследовательность реформирования предварительного расследования, упоминаемая многими учеными в области уголовного процесса, по-прежнему порождает в теории и на практике множество проблем. Предлагается подойти к их разрешению с позиций концепции процессуального руководства.
Материалы и методы: методологическую базу исследования составили диалектический метод научного познания, исторический, логический, а также наблюдение и другие частные методы исследования правовых явлений.
Результаты исследования: предложено авторское определение процессуального руководства рас- следованием, сделаны выводы о соотношении его с понятиями ведомственного процессуального кон- троля, прокурорского надзора, управления и организации расследования.
Обсуждение и заключения: автор считает, что организация расследования, прокурорский надзор и ведомственный процессуальный контроль, регламентированные уголовно-процессуальным законо- дательством, соотносятся с процессуальным руководством расследованием как части и целое. Решая задачу оптимального определения функциональных ролей для должностных органов предварительного расследования, следует подходить к этому вопросу системно – не отвергая концепцию процессуального руководства. Процессуальное руководство расследованием реализуется должностными лицами и органами, осуществляющими расследование, путем совершения процессуальных действий, вынесения промежуточных и итоговых процессуальных решений в отношении всех субъектов уголовного процесса, принимающих участие, привлеченных или допущенных к участию в уголовном деле, и направлено на полное и всестороннее изучение обстоятельств, подлежащих доказыванию в целях надлежащего применения уголовного и уголовно-процессуального закона.
The Effect of Using Songs on Young English Learners’ Motivation in Jordan
Authors: Al-Smadi Manal Hisham
Published: December 2020

A song is a work of poetry that is typically intended to be sung by human voice many studies have tackled the importance of implementing songs in teaching English as a second language (ESL) showing that they can be very effective in developing student’s grammar, pronunciation and vocabulary retention. This paper aims to investigate the effectiveness of using songs on young student’s motivation in Jordan. The participants were two different groups from a private school in Jerash. Their motivation was examined with and without implementing music. Analysis of the data using a t– test suggested that using songs in teaching English for young learners was significantly effective in raising their motivation to learn the language. The study also concluded with some implications about the effective use of songs to enhance the effect of these results.
Marcas identitárias do cuidado em fim de vida
Authors: Espíndola Amanda Valério , Olesiak Luísa Da Rosa , Nardino Fernanda , Quintana Alberto Manuel
Published: December 2020

Cuidados de fim de vida correspondem a ações assistenciais dirigidas às pessoas cujos prognósticos apontam para os últimos seis meses de vida. Os Serviços de Atenção Domiciliar possibilitam o retorno para o domicílio nesse período, a partir da presença de um cuidador na residência. Este artigo buscou compreender as repercussões do cuidado em fim de vida às trajetórias e identidades de familiares cuidadores. A investigação utilizou o método clínico-qualitativo. Foram entrevistados seis familiares cuidadores mediante o uso de entrevistas semidirigidas. A análise dos dados deu-se por meio da análise de conteúdo. Identificou-se que a exigência de um cuidado permanente àqueles em período final de vida promove câmbios identitários nos familiares cuidadores. Tais mudanças garantem aos familiares uma atribuição social, além de uma posição de poder em seus núcleos familiares.