bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Machine learning-based identification of the risk factors for postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults
Authors: Hoshijima Hiroshi , Miyazaki Tomo , Mitsui Yuto , Omachi Shinichiro , Yamauchi Masanori , Mizuta Kentaro
Published: August 2024

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common adverse effect of anesthesia. Identifying risk factors for PONV is crucial because it is associated with a longer stay in the post-anesthesia care unit, readmissions, and perioperative costs. This retrospective study used artificial intelligence to analyze data of 37,548 adult patients (aged ≥20 years) who underwent surgery under general anesthesia at Tohoku University Hospital from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2019. To evaluate PONV, patients who experienced nausea and/or vomiting or used antiemetics within 24 hours after surgery were extracted from postoperative medical and nursing records. We create a model that predicts probability of PONV using the gradient tree boosting model, which is a widely used machine learning algorithm in many applications due to its efficiency and accuracy. The model implementation used the LightGBM framework. Data were available for 33,676 patients. Total blood loss was identified as the strongest contributor to PONV, followed by sex, total infusion volume, and patient’s age. Other identified risk factors were duration of surgery (60–400 min), no blood transfusion, use of desflurane for maintenance of anesthesia, laparoscopic surgery, lateral positioning during surgery, propofol not used for maintenance of anesthesia, and epidural anesthesia at the lumbar level. The duration of anesthesia and the use of either sevoflurane or fentanyl were not identified as risk factors for PONV. We used artificial intelligence to evaluate the extent to which risk factors for PONV contribute to the development of PONV. Intraoperative total blood loss was identified as the potential risk factor most strongly associated with PONV, although it may correlate with duration of surgery, and insufficient circulating blood volume. The use of sevoflurane and fentanyl and the anesthesia time were not identified as risk factors for PONV in this study.
Land suitability analysis in monocentric post-socialist city: Case of Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
Authors: Boldbaatar Galmandakh , Gombodorj Gantulga , Donorov Dorligjav , Andriambololonaharisoamalala Robert , Indra Myagmarjav , Purevtseren Myagmartseren
Published: August 2024

Urban expansion has been rapidly increasing and is projected to be tripled in 2030 in worldwide. The impact of urbanization has adverse effects on the environment and economic development. Residential lands consist of almost one-third of the urban area and heavily affect the city’s inhabitants. The capital of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, has been significantly expanded, particularly in the urban periphery where poor living conditions and a lack of essential urban services were identified. The paper aims to conduct a suitability analysis of residential areas in Ulaanbaatar city based on three main categories (livability, affordability, and accessibility) of fifteen criteria using the fuzzy logic. Through the study, we have identified some potential suitable residential areas for further development, such as apartment residential area located in the southern part of the city and four low-rise ger areas were distributed along major transport corridors. Moreover, the results indicated that the spatial structure of the whole town might be in transition to a polycentric pattern. However, a concentric ring pattern in the ‘city’s periphery displayed a concerning uncontrolled ger area expansion, which may increase low living conditions in the area. This study recommends better urban sprawl control policies and more property market investment in the ger area to ensure sustainable development goals in Ulaanbaatar.
Comparative molecular and conventional cytogenetic analyses of three species of Rhinella (Anura; Bufonidae)
Authors: Silva David Santos da , de Sousa Rodrigo Petry Corrêa , Vallinoto Marcelo , Costa Lima Marlon Ramires da , Costa Renato Araújo da , Furo Ivanete de Oliveira , Gomes Anderson José Baia , Oliveira Edivaldo Herculano Corrêa de
Published: August 2024

The genus Rhinella corresponds to a group of anurans characterized by numerous taxonomic and systemic challenges, leading to their organization into species complexes. Cytogenetic data for this genus thus far are limited to the diploid number and chromosome morphology, which remain highly conserved among the species. In this study, we analyse the karyotypes of three species of the genus Rhinella (Rhinella granulosa, Rhinella margaritifera, and Rhinella marina) using both classical (conventional staining and C-banding) and molecular (FISH-fluorescence in situ hybridization with 18S rDNA, telomeric sequences, and microsatellite probes) cytogenetic approaches. The aim of this study is to provide data that can reveal variations in the distribution of repetitive sequences that can contribute to understanding karyotypic diversification in these species. The results revealed a conserved karyotype across the species, with 2n = 22 and FN = 44, with metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes. C-banding revealed heterochromatic blocks in the pericentromeric region for all species, with a proximal block on the long arms of pairs 3 and 6 in R. marina and on the short arms of pairs 4 and 6 in R. margaritifera. Additionally, 18S rDNA probes hybridized to pair 5 in R. granulosa, to pair 7 in R. marina, and to pair 10 in R. margaritifera. Telomeric sequence probes displayed signals exclusively in the distal region of the chromosomes, while microsatellite DNA probes showed species-specific patterns. These findings indicate that despite a conserved karyotypical macrostructure, chromosomal differences exist among the species due to the accumulation of repetitive sequences. This variation may be attributed to chromosome rearrangements or differential accumulation of these sequences, highlighting the dynamic role of repetitive sequences in the chromosomal evolution of Rhinella species. Ultimately, this study emphasizes the importance of the role of repetitive DNAs in chromosomal rearrangements to elucidate the evolutionary mechanisms leading to independent diversification in the distinct phylogenetic groups of Rhinella.
Frontal and occipital brain glutathione levels are unchanged in autistic adults
Authors: Pereira Andreia C. , Leonard Alison , Velthuis Hester , Wong Nichol M. L. , Ponteduro Francesca M. , Dimitrov Mihail , Ellis Claire L. , Kowalewski Lukasz , Lythgoe David J. , Rotaru Diana-Georgina , Edden Richard A. E. , Ivin Glynis , Pretzsch Charlotte M. , Daly Eileen , Murphy Declan G. M. , McAlonan Gráinne M.
Published: August 2024

Background

The neurobiological underpinnings of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are diverse and likely multifactorial. One possible mechanism is increased oxidative stress leading to altered neurodevelopment and brain function. However, this hypothesis has mostly been tested in post-mortem studies. So far, available in vivo studies in autistic individuals have reported no differences in glutathione (GSH) levels in frontal, occipital, and subcortical regions. However, these studies were limited by the technically challenging quantification of GSH, the main brain antioxidant molecule. This study aimed to overcome previous studies’ limitations by using a GSH-tailored spectroscopy sequence and optimised quantification methodology to provide clarity on GSH levels in autistic adults.

Methods

We used spectral editing proton-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) combined with linear combination model fitting to quantify GSH in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC) and medial occipital cortex (mOCC) of autistic and non-autistic adults (male and female). We compared GSH levels between groups. We also examined correlations between GSH and current autism symptoms, measured using the Autism Quotient (AQ).

Results

Data were available from 31 adult autistic participants (24 males, 7 females) and 40 non-autistic participants (21 males, 16 females); the largest sample to date. The GSH levels did not differ between groups in either region. No correlations with AQ were observed.

Conclusion

GSH levels as measured using 1H-MRS are unaltered in the DMPFC and mOCC regions of autistic adults, suggesting that oxidative stress in these cortical regions is not a marked neurobiological signature of ASD.
Determination of the geographical coordinates of the aboveground nuclear tests epicenters
Authors: Monayenko Valeriy , Krivitskiy Pavel , Abisheva Mariya , Lukashenko Sergey , Larionova Natalya
Published: August 2024

This paper presents the determination method of the exact geographical coordinates of aboveground nuclear tests (NT) epicenters based on the radioecological study results the example of the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site. By testing the NT Epicenter software for determining the exact geographic coordinates of the NT centers, it was established that it is indeed possible to determine the exact coordinates of most of the aboveground NTs. Their locations are currently determined by the presence are currently determined by the presence of technogenic disturbance of the soil surface in the area of the alleged epicenter (the presence of a crater), as well as by comparing maps of radioactive contamination and a space image. The accuracy of the precise coordinates of the NT is highly dependent on the density of the auxiliary grid: the smaller the pitch of the auxiliary grid, the higher the accuracy of the NT epicenter.
Sustainable development Universities—Opportunities & challenges on the road to society 5.0 from the key stakeholder perspective
Authors: ROSAK-SZYROCKA Joanna , KNOP Krzysztof
Published: August 2024

There has been a growing push on universities worldwide to demonstrate how their work contributes to the indicators of sustainable development goals. In addition to producing a foundation of human resources to assist the change toward greater sustainability, universities may have a significant influence on individual behaviour. The article’s goal is to highlight the potential and difficulties that the surveyed universities face as they work to construct a 5.0 society and pursue sustainable development. It does this by analysing students’ perspectives from these universities in ten different nations. A Computer-Assisted Web Interviewing (CAWI) questionnaire was used for the study. The hypotheses about the relationship between the university’s legal status and form of ownership and the level of students’ awareness of sustainable development were verified. The findings indicated that by promoting sustainable development, the universities under investigation had the opportunity to garner interest and involve students. Nevertheless, this calls for funding, better educational initiatives, and a well-rounded strategy. Furthermore, encouraging a sustainable culture within the university ecosystem and openly sharing these efforts with students and the general public will make universities more visible, respected, and driven, boosting involvement and engagement in sustainability initiatives on campus.
Genetic structure of black soldier flies in northern Iran
Authors: Boukan Afrooz , Nozari Jamasb , Naseri Karimi Nazanin , Talebzadeh Fahimeh , Pahlavan Yali Katayoun , Oshaghi Mohammad Ali
Published: August 2024

Background

The black soldier fly (BSF), Hermetia illucens, is known for nutrient-recycling through the bioconversion of organic waste into protein-rich insect larvae that can be processed into an animal feed ingredient. However, information on species distribution and its genetic structure in Iran is scarce.

Methods and results

We directed a survey on the Caspian Sea coast, with a reconstructing demographic relationships study using two parts of mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase 1 (COI) gene (barcode and 3’ end regions) and nuclear internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) to identify BSF’ genetic diversity in retrospect to the global diversity and the potential origin of the Iranian BSF population. Larvae and adults were recovered from highly decomposed poultry manure, in May 2020. Sequence analysis of both regions of COI gene (about 1500 bp) revealed a single haplotype, identical to that of haplotype C, a worldwide commercial strain originated from Nearctic, Palearctic, or African biogeographic regions. However, the ITS2 locus was confirmed to be invariable across samples from diverse biogeographic regions.

Conclusion

The results proved the presence of BSF in north of Iran. However, it is not possible to determine with certainty when and where this species first established in Iran, and they have likely been released to nature due to the existence of companies importing and breeding such flies. Due to heavy international trading, the introduction and settlement of this fly in the southern coasts of the country is highly suggested.
Bulk serum extracellular vesicles from stressed mice show a distinct proteome and induce behavioral and molecular changes in naive mice
Authors: Monteleone Melisa C. , Billi Silvia C. , Abarzúa-Catalán Lorena , Henzi Roberto , Fernández Eliana M. , Kaehne Thilo , Wyneken Ursula , Brocco Marcela A.
Published: August 2024

Chronic stress can trigger several pathologies including mood disorders for which no clear diagnostic molecular markers have been established yet. Attractive biomarker sources are extracellular vesicles (EVs). Evs are released by cells in health and disease and contain genetic material, proteins and lipids characteristic of the cell state. Here we show that Evs recovered from the blood of animals exposed to a repeated interrupted stress protocol (RIS) have a different protein profile compared to those obtained from control animals. Proteomic analysis indicated that proteins differentially present in bulk serum Evs from stressed animals were implicated in metabolic and inflammatory pathways and several of them were previously related to psychiatric disorders. Interestingly, these serum Evs carry brain-enriched proteins including the stress-responsive neuronal protein M6a. Then, we used an in-utero electroporation strategy to selectively overexpress M6a-GFP in brain neurons and found that M6a-GFP could also be detected in bulk serum Evs suggesting a neuronal origin. Finally, to determine if these Evs could have functional consequences, we administered Evs from control and RIS animals intranasally to naïve mice. Animals receiving stress EVs showed changes in behavior and brain M6a levels similar to those observed in physically stressed animals. Such changes could therefore be attributed, or at least in part, to EV protein transfer. Altogether these findings show that EVs may participate in stress signaling and propose proteins carried by EVs as a valuable source of biomarkers for stress-induced diseases.
Association between nocturia and serum albumin in the U.S. adults from NHANES 2005–2012
Authors: Jia Yangtao , Yang Fangzheng , Dong Xinke , Zhou Libin , Long Huimin
Published: August 2024

Background

Nocturia, a prevalent chronic condition, impacts individuals’ quality of life but remains underexplored. This study aimed to assess the association between serum albumin levels and nocturia.

Methods

Based on the analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database (2005–2012), our study included a total of 6345 adults (≥20 years old). Nocturia was defined as ≥2 nocturnal voiding episodes. Logistic regression and smooth curve fitting analyzed the linear and nonlinear correlations between serum albumin and nocturia, with subgroup analysis.

Results

Among 6345 participants, 1821 (28.7%) experienced nocturia. Logistic regression analysis revealed a linear negative correlation between serum albumin and nocturia risk (OR = 0.9549, 95% CI = 0.9280 ~ 0.9827, P = 0.002). Even after quartile division of serum albumin concentration, this correlation persisted within each group, and a smooth curve fitting validated the nonlinear negative correlation between the two. Subgroup analysis further demonstrated significant impacts of body mass index (BMI), alcohol consumption, and age on this association.

Conclusion

This cross-sectional study indicated that higher serum albumin levels were associated with a reduced risk of nocturia in U.S. adults aged 20 and older, highlighting the importance of serum albumin in the prevention and treatment of nocturia and providing clinical guidance.
Vibrio splendidus infection promotes circRNA-FGL1-regulated coelomocyte apoptosis via competitive binding to Myc with the deubiquitinase OTUB1 in Apostichopus japonicus
Authors: Guo Ming , Li Xin , Tao Wenjun , Teng Fei , Li Chenghua
Published: August 2024

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in various physiological and pathological processes in both vertebrates and invertebrates. However, most studies on circRNAs have focused on their roles as endogenous competitive RNAs. Here, we report a novel function of circRNA derived from the Fibrinogen-like protein 1 gene (circ-FGL1) that inhibits coelomocyte apoptosis via competing with the deubiquitinase AjOTUB1 to bind AjMyc in Apostichopus japonicus during Vibrio splendidus infection. The results showed that circ-FGL1 is significantly downregulated in coelomocytes of V. splendidus-induced A. japonicus and negatively regulates coelomocyte apoptosis through the AjBax-AjCyt c pathway. Mechanistically, the deubiquitinase AjOTUB1 and circ-FGL1 could interact with the transcription factor protein AjMyc in the same region with circ-FGL1/AjMyc having greater affinity. Under normal conditions, high levels of circ-FGL1 bind directly to AjMyc, inhibiting the deubiquitylation of AjMyc by AjOTUB1 and leading to the degradation of AjMyc. After V. splendidus infection, AjMyc disassociates from the depressed expression of circ-FGL1, promoting its deubiquitylation by binding to the induced deubiquitinase AjOTUB1 to inhibit its degradation. AjMyc is then transferred to the nucleus and promotes the transcription of AjCyt c and AjBax to induce coelomocyte apoptosis. The new finding will expand our present outstanding on the functional role of circRNAs and suggest new therapeutic targets for the treatment of echinoderms during bacterial invasion.
PERANAN INTEGRASI NILAI-NILAI ISLAM DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA
Authors: Imamuddin M. , Isnaniah Isnaniah
Published: August 2024

The religious attitude of students is an attitude that must be developed in learning activities. For this reason, teachers must be able to carry out quality learning in every learning activity, including in learning mathematics. Students' religious attitudes can be developed in learning mathematics by integrating Islamic values ​​in the process. This study aims to map the role of integration of Islamic values ​​in learning mathematics. This study uses SLR (Systematic Literature Review) research, where the data source is obtained from articles that have been published by OJS (Online Journal System). Articles obtained through Google search are grouped and tabulated based on the similarity of results/conclusions in the results of the articles. After being tabulated, further analysis is carried out and at the end it is reduced and makes conclusions. Based on research data, the results obtained regarding the role of integration of Islamic values ​​in learning mathematics are as follows: The integration of Islamic values ​​plays a role in increasing students' positive character, especially religious attitudes, increasing students' motivation and interest in learning mathematics, improving students' abilities in mathematics such as communication, reasoning , solving problems, connections, mathematical literacy, and being able to improve student learning outcomes. Based on these findings, it is hoped that educators, especially mathematics teachers, will always integrate Islamic values ​​in learning mathematics.
Evaluation of Some Heavy Metals Contents in Soil and Tobacco Grown in Sokoto, Nigeria
Authors: Al Umar  , Yusuf Sarkingobir  , Shehu Sarkin Gobir  , Sulaiman Aliyu  , Umar Tambari  , Abdulrahman Hamza
Published: August 2024

Tobacco is among the major causers/ determinants of morbidities and mortalities in many parts of the world due to its content compounds such as heavy metals. Therefore, it is needful to evaluate heavy metals embedded in the tobacco plant and soil in our localities to divulge information to stakeholders and the public. The objective of this study is to determine the concentrations of for copper, nickel, iron, manganese, zinc, chromium, lead, and cobalt in soils and tobacco parts (root, stem, and leave) from Gwadabawa, Illela, and Sokoto; therewith, atomic absorption spectroscopy analysis using standard methods was carried out. The results indicate, the levels of metals increase from stem to leaves to roots to soils. 00.1-0.62ppm, 0.01-0.52ppm, 0.002-150.0 ppm, 0.2-10.5ppm, 0.20-6.20ppm, 0.01-101.02ppm, 0.01-2.0ppm, 0.00-1.20ppm, are the extent ranges of heavy metals determined in soils, and different parts (root, leave, and stem of the plant (tobacco for copper, nickel, iron, manganese, zinc, chromium, lead, and cobalt respectively. Thus, continuous or acute exposure to tobacco through consumption or inhalation or the likes can subject the people to many detrimental effects.
Transformasi Pendidikan Islam untuk Generasi Z: Peran Teknologi dalam Ruang Kelas
Authors: Salsabila Unik Hanifah , Iftakhuzzulfa Andita , Tsani Fathi Hana’ ibnu
Published: August 2024

Islamic education has had an important role since the time of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ until now. Generation Z or the younger generation plays a key role in changing the governance structure in a country. This article discusses the challenges and potential of Islamic education in facing the development of modern technology. Surveys show that generation Z's moral and moral education tends to be neglected, focusing on modern education, and lacking attention to moral values. Islamic religious education is faced with the challenge of utilizing technology effectively so as not to be left behind by western education. This article proposes the integration of technology curriculum in Islamic religious education, the use of educational applications, and paying attention to the impact of the transformation of Islamic education on the character and morals of generation Z. The research method used is library research with a text analysis approach and related information. Data sources involve scientific books, journals, scientific research, case studies, and other related sources of information. As a result, Generation Z has certain characteristics, such as inclusiveness, independence and realism. The use of technology in Islamic religious learning among generation Z shows positive potential, but also faces challenges, such as short attention spans and dependence on teachers. Technology curriculum integration needs to pay attention to learning independence and maintaining religious values. Although positive impacts include creativity and wider access, there are potential negative impacts such as loss of depth of religious understanding and social isolation. Therefore, there needs to be cooperation between educators, government and parents to design a balanced educational strategy in facing the transformation of Islamic education for generation Z.
Estratégia de manutenção em usina de açúcar e álcool com duas linhas de moagem utilizando a engenharia de confiabilidade
Authors: Ferreira Timóteo Simão , Achcar Jorge Alberto
Published: August 2024

Este artigo teve como objetivo analisar a estratégia de manutenção em uma usina de açúcar e álcool localizada no estado de São Paulo, Brasil, utilizando dados de MTTR de duas linhas de processamento de cana sob a perspectiva da engenharia de confiabilidade. A pesquisa, caracterizada como um estudo de caso, empregou técnicas de modelagem estatística para analisar os tempos de reparo para todas as falhas nas moendas durante um período específico. Os tempos de reparo foram modelados utilizando uma distribuição log-normal para os dados na escala original ou uma distribuição normal para os dados transformados pelos logaritmos na base natural dos tempos de reparo. Embora os tempos médios de reparo tenham sido estatisticamente semelhantes para as duas moendas, a análise estatística revelou a influência de diversos fatores na duração dos reparos em ambas. Além disso, o estudo identificou questões cruciais para a estratégia de manutenção da empresa, destacando resultados com implicações significativas para melhorar o desempenho da área de manutenção e a confiabilidade dos equipamentos, contribuindo para a maior competitividade da empresa.
 
Palavras-chave: Modelos de confiabilidade, gestão da manutenção, análise estatística, tempos de manutenção, cana-de-açúcar, etanol.
Japan City Pop Music Trend Contribution to Cool Japan Soft Power Diplomacy Program In The 2020s
Authors: Wardhana Fadya Almira , Hermawan Daniel
Published: August 2024

The soft power diplomacy has been used by Japan since the end of WWII and post bubble economy, and was officialized as ‘Cool Japan’ program which includes all aspects of Japanese culture and cultural products. On the other hand, ‘city pop’, a genre popular in Japan around the 80’s, surfaced again in the 2020’s as a result of YouTube’s algorithm, and has been a trend on the internet with many global fans. The purpose of this research was to find out whether Japan city pop music trend contributes to Cool Japan program, with mixed method approach and data collecting method of online survey on Japan city pop fans in Indonesia. It is then concluded that Japan city pop has been contributing to Cool Japan by meeting it’s main goal and strategies of creating Japan’s image as a cool nation on its own.
Indonesia Literature in Translation (Indonesia and Japanese Translation Context)
Authors: Rosliana Lina
Published: August 2024

Indonesia has rich literature that is not widely known outside the country's borders. Translating Indonesian literary works can be the key to experiencing its literary richness and knowing its social, cultural, or political reality. There have been many studies on translating Japanese or English literature into Indonesian, but not vice versa. This study can play a role in formulating strategies for translating Indonesian literary works into foreign languages and, at the same time, become a contribution to introduce Indonesian literature through translation studies. The research questions proposed align with the study's primary objective of issues in translation; How is the passage of Indonesian literature in translation? Literary research with qualitative approaches will be conducted in this study. The stages are divided into three steps, i.e., 1) Data collection, 2) Data analysis, and 3) Data presentation. Before independence, Japan established an institution in Indonesia whose job was to translate literary works, either in book form or published in magazines and newspapers for the Indonesian people. However, in practice, this was done to control the reading of the Indonesian people and for propaganda purposes. Thus, the literary works circulated and translated supported colonial projects. After independence, the Japanese grant program for translating Southeast Asian literary works has also significantly impacted the number of Indonesian literary works translated into Japanese. However, these translated works have yet to reach the Japanese public and are mostly accessed by a limited circle of Indonesian observers in Japan.
THE CHEMICAL TOPOLOGICAL GRAPH ASSOCIATED WITH THE NILPOTENT GRAPH OF A MODULO RING OF PRIME POWER ORDER
Authors: Malik Deny Putra , Husni Muhammad Naoval , Miftahurrahman Miftahurrahman , Wardhana I Gede Adhitya Wisnu , Semil @ Ismail Ghazali
Published: August 2024

Chemical topological graph theory constitutes a subdomain within mathematical chemistry that leverages graph theory to model chemical molecules.  In this context, a chemical graph serves as a graphical representation of molecular structures. Specifically, a chemical molecule is portrayed as a graph wherein atoms are denoted as vertices, and the interatomic bonds are represented as edges within the graph. Various molecular properties are intricately linked to the topological indices of these molecular graphs. Notably, commonly employed indices encompass the Wiener Index, the Gutman Index, and the Zagreb Index.  This study is directed towards elucidating the numerical invariance and topological indices inherent to a nilpotent graph originating from a modulo integer ring with prime order. Consequently, the investigation seeks to discern how the Wiener Index, the Zagreb Index, and other characteristics of the nilpotent graph manifest within a ring of integers modulo prime order powers.
Molecular evaluation of several wheat varieties of Triticum aestivum L.
Authors: Ramadan Ahmed Shehab Abd-allah , Mukhlif Fadhil Hussein , Al-Rawi Ali Abdulhadi , Abdulrazzaq Mohammed H. M. , Othman Mousa Mohammed , Shahatha Suad Shallal
Published: August 2024

This study was carried out with the aim of determining the extent of genetic variation among 10 varieties of wheat. In this work, 5 primers were used to do the PCR to detect the band patterns of ISSR markers. Within the molecular weight range of 100-1500 bp, the 5 primers combined to generate 42 bands, at a rate of 8 bands per primer. Polymorphic bands accounted for 37 of the totals and the ratio of polymorphic bands was 87.97 %. The highest percentage of divergent bands reached 88.88 %, shown by primers HPS13, 842F and HBG20. The starters 1955A recorded a lower rate of efficiency and distinctive ability of the starter reaching 16.22 %. According to the UPGMA method, a phylogenetic tree of the genetic affinity between the varieties was obtained, varieties were separated into 2 major groups: There were 2 varieties in the first major group, namely S7 and S6, 2 minor groups were formed from the division of the second major group. The S3 variant made up the first secondary group, as opposed to the second secondary group. Additionally, it was split into 2 sub-secondary groups: classes S5, S10, S9, S8 and S1 made up the first sub-secondary group and classes S4 and S2 made up the second. Based on the Nei and Li coefficient, the values of genetic similarity between the varieties were estimated, because the S6 variety and the S3 variety had the largest genetic divergence (lowest genetic similarity), with a value of 0.7073 and with the S4 variety, its value was 0.6829, while the highest genetic similarity was (least genetic divergence) between variety S9 and variety S8, where its value reached 0.9268. The findings of this study showed the high efficiency of ISSR makers in detecting genetic variation among several wheat varieties.
Brazil nuts potential: effects on lipid peroxidation and heart health in nephrectomized rats
Authors: Menezes Agatha Cristie , Brito Michele Lima , Almeida Patricia Pereira , Da Cruz Beatriz Oliveira , da Silva Costa Nathalia , D’Avila Pereira Aline , Castañon Cecilia , Nunes Degani Viviane Alexandre , Medeiros de França Cardozo Ludmila Ferreira , Magliano D’Angelo Carlo , Stockler-Pinto Milena Barcza
Published: August 2024

Objectives

To investigate the effects of a Brazil nut-enriched diet on the wall thickness and the left ventricular chamber diameter of the heart, and lipid peroxidation in a CKD-induced model.

Methods

Male Wistar rats at 12 weeks of age were divided into two groups (n=16/group): the Nx group, which underwent 5/6 nephrectomy, and the Sham group, as a control. After 5 weeks, the groups were subdivided according to diet (n=8/group): the Nx and Sham groups received a control diet; the Nx5% and Sham5% groups received a diet enriched with 5 % Brazil nuts for 8 weeks. The left ventricular thickening and chamber diameter were determined. Plasma biochemical parameters were evaluated. Analysis of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and antioxidant enzyme activity was performed in the plasma and the left ventricle (LV). LV mRNA expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) was evaluated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.

Results

The Nx5% group showed a remodeled LV wall with decreased thickness compared to the Nx group (p=0.016). Furthermore, LV TBARS concentration was reduced in the Nx5% group (p=0.0064). In addition, the Nx5% group showed an increase in plasma GPx activity (p=0.0431). No significant results were found concerning the LV mRNA expression of NF-κB and Nrf2 genes.

Conclusions

A Brazil nut-enriched diet decreased LV thickness and LV TBARS concentration and increased GPx activity in a 5/6 nephrectomy experimental model, making it a promising adjuvant therapy to improve antioxidant status and cardiovascular outcomes in chronic kidney disease.
Critique of Reification of Art and Creativity in the Digital Age: A Lukácsian Approach to AI and NFT Art
Authors: Poposki Zoran
Published: August 2024

This article critically examines the emergent phenomena of AI-generated and NFT art through the lens of Georg Lukács’ theory of reification and its existential implications. Lukács argued that under capitalism, social relations and human experiences are transformed into objective, quantifiable commodities, leading to a fragmented and alienated consciousness. Applying this framework to AI and NFT art, these technologies can be said to represent extreme examples of the reification of art and creativity in the digital age. AI art generators reduce artistic production to abstract, computable properties divorced from lived experience, while NFTs transform digital art into speculative commodities, imposing the logic of private property and exchange value onto the previously open domain of online culture. The existential dimension of this reification is explored, raising questions about the nature of creativity, originality, and the value of art in an increasingly financialized and automated world. The article suggests that a Lukácsian critique must not only diagnose the reified character of these cultural forms but also identify their potential for resistance and transformation, pointing toward a re-humanized and emancipatory vision of art in the digital age. Contemporary theorists such as Tiziana Terranova, Nick Dyer-Witheford, and Benjamin Noys are invoked to further elucidate these issues.
From NDC to national long-term low greenhouse gas emission development strategies compatible with a 2 °C target
Authors: Mathy Sandrine
Published: August 2024

Given the lack of collective ambition resulting from the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) to the objective ofthe Paris Agreement, countries must submit revised and more ambitious NDCs. Countries are invited to formulate longtermlow greenhouse gas emission development strategies that should be designed within the context of otherdevelopment goals and co-benefits. This article addresses the issues related to the evaluation of national trajectoriesdeveloped in a cooperative framework aiming at collectively reaching 2°C and based on the integration of developmentpriorities and co-benefits into national trajectories. The national decarbonization trajectories discussed in this articlewere developed as part of the Deep Decarbonization Pathway Project (DDPP) by the 16 major GHG emitting countries.These 16 bottom-up decarbonization strategies are implemented in the POLES model, a partial equilibrium model of theglobal energy sector, which is an appropriate tool to provide a harmonized contextual framework for assessing thesetrajectories. The results make it possible to evaluate the gap between, on the one hand, national DDPP trajectories andNDCs and, on the other hand, national DDPP trajectories and a scenario resulting from a minimization of abatement costs.They allow to feed a discussion on the development of NDCs and the move away from national trajectories of trajectoriesminimizing the overall reduction cost and produced with integrated assessment models.
A Graphical and Beta Analysis of the Effect of Increased Ethanol Production on the Volatility of Corn Prices
Authors: Tenkorang Frank , Bridges Deborah
Published: August 2024

Increased demand for corn-based ethanol puts upward pressure on prices of corn and other commodities, such as soybeans, and possibly worsens their price volatility. The paper investigates the changes in agricultural commodities' standard deviation and beta sizes due to ethanol production in the US. Standard deviations and beta estimations are compared for the ethanol pre-expansion and expansion periods. The results indicate a high level of price volatility in the second period, which could be attributed to ethanol expansion.
Longitudinal Analysis of Functional Capacity in Nursing Home Residents During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Moreno-Martin Pau , Minobes-Molina Eduard , Escribà-Salvans Anna , Oliveira Vinicius Rosa , Rierola-Fochs Sandra , Farrés-Godayol Pau , Gràcia-Micó Pol , de Souza Dyego Leandro Bezerra , Skelton Dawn A. , Jerez-Roig Javier
Published: August 2024

Background and Purpose:

The COVID-19 pandemic has raised concerns about nursing home (NH) residents’ well-being, with recent studies indicating a significant increase in functional decline rate during this critical period. However, a comprehensive exploration of functional capacity trajectories in NH residents during the pandemic remains unexplored. This study aims to address this research gap by conducting an in-depth analysis of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on NH residents’ functional capacity.

Methods:

A 24-month multicenter prospective study involving 123 NH residents from Spain, with data collected at 6-month intervals over 5 waves, starting just before the pandemic’s onset. Functional capacity was assessed using the Modified Barthel Index, and data were analyzed employing the actuarial method, log-rank test, and Cox’s regression.

Results and Discussion:

The likelihood of maintaining functional capacity was unfavorable, with only a 19.3% chance of preservation for a 1-point decline (FD-1) in Barthel scores and a 50.5% probability for a 10-point decline (FD-10). Personal hygiene, eating, and toilet use were identified as the most affected activities of daily living. Urinary continence decline emerged as a risk factor for FD-1, while fecal continence decline was associated with FD-10. The probability of maintaining functional capacity in the initial 6 months of a pandemic was comparable to a 2-year non-pandemic follow-up. Pandemic-induced isolation strategies significantly impacted toileting and personal hygiene. Urinary decline was associated with minor functional decline (FD-1), while fecal decline correlated with major functional decline (FD-10). Notably, the number of days spent in room confinement did not significantly contribute to the observed decline.

Conclusions:

A substantial increase in the risk of FD among NH residents during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period was found. It is crucial to implement urgent, targeted interventions that prioritize promoting physical activity and the implementation of mobility and toileting programs. These measures are pivotal for mitigating functional decline and enhancing the overall health and well-being of NH residents in a pandemic context.
Enhanced Expression of Two ISGs as Potential Biomarkers of Prognosis in HIV-Infected Immunological Non-Responders
Authors: Zhang Xin , He Lin , Zhang Ruifeng , Sun Haolan , Zhang Liguo , Jin Cong
Published: August 2024

Objective:

No novel biomarkers are currently available for evaluating immune reconstitution among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH) receiving combined antiretroviral treatment (cART). The objective of this study was to analyze the expression patterns of interferon-stimulating genes (ISGs) in PLWH with the aim of identifying potential biomarkers for immune reconstitution.

Methods:

Study samples were collected from 105 PLWH, including 47 immunological non-responders (INRs) and 58 immunological responders (IRs). The expression of eight ISGs in the peripheral blood in INRs and IRs were detected by RT-qPCR. Expression differences between groups were analyzed with the Mann-Whitney U test, and a logistic regression model was developed to predict immune reconstitution.

Results:

Among eight ISGs, the expression levels of IFI27 and IFI6 were significantly higher in INRs than IRs (P=0.001 and 0.005, respectively). The model combining age, CD4+ T/CD8+ T ratio, IFI27, and IFI6 had the highest diagnostic value (AUC=0.836), with an optimal cut-off value of 0.6, sensitivity of 60.5%, and specificity of 98.1%. No significant change in the expression of IFI27 and IFI6 was observed in samples collected 3 years apart (P=0.1232 and 0.4877, respectively), and the model score negatively correlated with ΔCD4+ T cells (r=−0.2888, P=0.0465).

Conclusions:

Enhanced expression of IFI27 and IFI6 in INRs are important characteristics that may serve as biomarkers of immune reconstitution after cART. The combination of age, CD4+ T/CD8+ T ratio, IFI27, and IFI6 was highly effective in discriminating INRs.
Medial Prefrontal Cortex Stimulation Reduces Retrieval-Induced Forgetting via Fronto-parietal Beta Desynchronization
Authors: Khan Ahsan , Ti Chun Hang Eden , Yuan Kai , Crespo Garcia Maite , Anderson Michael C. , Tong Raymond Kai-Yu
Published: August 2024

The act of recalling memories can paradoxically lead to the forgetting of other associated memories, a phenomenon known as retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF). Inhibitory control mechanisms, primarily mediated by the prefrontal cortex, are thought to contribute to RIF. In this study, we examined whether stimulating the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) with transcranial direct current stimulation modulates RIF and investigated the associated electrophysiological correlates. In a randomized study, 50 participants (27 males and 23 females) received either real or sham stimulation before performing retrieval practice on target memories. After retrieval practice, a final memory test to assess RIF was administered. We found that stimulation selectively increased the retrieval accuracy of competing memories, thereby decreasing RIF, while the retrieval accuracy of target memories remained unchanged. The reduction in RIF was associated with a more pronounced beta desynchronization within the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (left-DLPFC), in an early time window (<500 ms) after cue onset during retrieval practice. This led to a stronger beta desynchronization within the parietal cortex in a later time window, an established marker for successful memory retrieval. Together, our results establish the causal involvement of the mPFC in actively suppressing competing memories and demonstrate that while forgetting arises as a consequence of retrieving specific memories, these two processes are functionally independent. Our findings suggest that stimulation potentially disrupted inhibitory control processes, as evidenced by reduced RIF and stronger beta desynchronization in fronto-parietal brain regions during memory retrieval, although further research is needed to elucidate the specific mechanisms underlying this effect.
Vibrational energy levels for sulfur dioxide isotopologues
Authors: ШАРЫБКИНА К.К. , НАУМЕНКО О.В.
Published: August 2024

Для пяти изотопологов молекулы SO2: 32S16O2, 34S16O2, 33S16O2, 32S18O2, 32S16O18O, получены параметры эффективного колебательного гамильтониана из подгонки к имеющимся экспериментальным данным, а также с использованием основных соотношений теории изотопозамещения. Экспериментальные колебательные уровни энергии восстанавливаются с полученными параметрами с точностью не хуже 0,025 см-1 для симметричных изотопологов. Проведено сравнение найденных колебательных уровней энергии с данными вариационного расчета, при этом исправлены квантовые числа для 93 колебательных состояний. Полученные данные могут быть полезны при идентификации и моделировании инфракрасных спектров, образованных переходами на высоковозбужденные колебательные состояния изотопологов диоксида серы, а также при анализе «горячих» спектров.

For five isotopologues of the SO2molecule: 32S16O2, 34S16O2, 33S16O2, 32S18O2, 32S16O18O, parameters of the effective vibrational Hamiltonian are derived from fitting to the available experimental data and with the use of the basic relations of the isotope substitution theory. Vibrational constants obtained from the fit reproduce the experimental vibrational energy levels within 0.025 cm1for symmetric isotopologues. The found vibrational energy levels are compared with the variational calculation data, and the quantum numbers for 93 vibrational states are corrected.
Monitoring the content of carbon monoxide in the atmosphere of oil and gas producing regions of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug using satellite data MOPPIT
Authors: АЛЕКСЕЕВА М.Н. , ПУСТОВАЛОВ К.Н. , ГОЛОВАЦКАЯ Е.А. , ЯЩЕНКО И.Г.
Published: August 2024

Представлены результаты анализа изменчивости содержания оксида углерода (СО) в атмосфере над нефтезагрязненной территорией в ХМАО по данным спутникового зондирования (Terra/MOPITT). Изучена суточная и сезонная динамика интегрального содержания и приземной концентрации CO. Среднее содержание СО (интегральное и приземное) в нефтезагрязненном районе превышает аналогичные значения в фоновом районе как в целом для теплого периода года, так и для большинства месяцев. Результаты исследования указывают на достаточную чувствительность прибора MOPPIT для определения концентрации оксида углерода в условиях антропогенной деятельности.

This work is devoted to the issues of remote monitoring of atmospheric gas concentrations using the example of carbon monoxide over the oil and gas producing territories of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug with a high concentration of fuel combustion sources. The analysis of the variability of carbon monoxide (CO) content in the atmosphere over an oil-polluted area in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug is performed based on satellite sensing data (Terra/MOPITT). The daily and seasonal dynamics of the integral content and surface concentration of CO are studied. The average CO content (integral and surface) in the oil-polluted area exceeds similar values in the background area, both in general for the warm period of the year and for most months. There are no significant differences in the CO content above the background and contaminated areas, which may be due to the mixing of air masses; however, the average CO content (integral and ground level) in the contaminated area exceeds similar values in the background area, which is explained by the presence of stationary CO sources in the former, including flare units.
Service of the word
Authors: Marcinkevičius Justinas
Published: August 2024

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Ūber 410 jährige in Vilnius gedruckten estnischen katolischen Bücher
Authors: Aarma Liivi
Published: August 2024

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