bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulation and Experimental Study of the Coupling Drive Magnetic Field for Embedded Giant Magnetostrictive Actuators
Authors: Wang Bin , Wu Yi Jie , Zhang Lei
Published: June 2012

Embedded giant magnetostrictive actuator (EGMA) is one of the most important applications of magnetostrictive material. Giant magnetostrictive actuators can deliver big-output displacement and can be driven at high frequencies. These characteristics make them suitable for a variety of positioning. However, because of the limitation of structure, the drive coil and EGMA cannot be any size as needed, so how to maximize the displacement in the limitative situation by optimization becomes the key of design. Several methods are available in the literature, but the coupling drive magnetic field of EGMA and its matrix material is often ignored. In fact, there was a close relationship between the matrix material and the distribution of drive magnetic field. To analyze the relationship, this paper establishes the magnetic circuit model for EGMA. The simulation of the coupling drive magnetic field is also presented. Finally the assumption is validated through experimental tests carried out with two different matrix materials.
Influence of Sensitizer Concentration on the Upconversion Luminescence of NaYF4: Yb3+, Er3+ Nanoparticles
Authors: Zhao Jun Wei , Shi Dong Mei , Zhao Ying Gang , Kong Xiang Gui
Published: June 2012

A series of NaYF4: Yb3+, Er3+ nanoparticles with different doping concentration were successfully prepared by the combination of coprecipitation and hydrothermal methods using sodium citrate as chelator. Upconversion luminescence can be observed in all of the samples at room temperature. Fixed the Er3+ concentration with 1 mol% unchanged, the effect of the Yb3+ concentration on the upconversion luminescence of NaYF4: Yb3+, Er3+ samples were studied when the doped Yb3+ concentrations were 0 mol%, 1 mol%, 2 mol%, 5 mol%, 10 mol% and 20 mol%, respectively. As increasing the Yb3+ concentration, the total intensity of the upconversion luminescence of the samples is increasing while the ratio of red to green emission increases firstly and then decreases. The maximum ratio value is 22.1 when the Yb3+ concentration is 10 mol%. It is found that the cross relaxation and cooperative sensitization effect are the reasons for the phenomenon above.
Synthesis and Magnetic Studies of Core-Shell FePt@Fe3O4  Nanowires and Nanoparticles
Authors: Li Wei , Zhou Ming Ge , Zhu Ming Gang , Zhou Dong , Hou Yang Long
Published: June 2012

In this work, the core-shell FePt@Fe3O4 nanowires and nanoparticles as a new hard-soft composite magnetic materials were synthetized by reduction of platinum acetyl acetonate and iron pentacarbonyl together in the presence of oleic acid and oleyl amine stabilizers by polyol process. As-synthesized FePt nanowires and nanoparticles with 0.5-3 nm Fe3O4 shell were preparated by controlled addition of excess of Fe (CO)5 into the reaction mixture and air oxidation. The phase analysis, structure, and magnetic properties were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), High resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) techniques.
Investigation of Sodium Hyaluronate/ Konjac Glucomannan Blend Films
Authors: Chen Jia , Wang Jing , Wu Xiao Pei , Chen Qing Hua
Published: June 2012

The blend films were fabricated via blending sodium hyaluronate (SH) and Konjac glucomannan (KGM). Lactic acid was applied as modifier and the mixture of Ammonia and anhydrous alcohol as cross-linker. The influencing factors were analyzed via the orthogonal experiment L16(4,5). It was shown that the water absorption of the blend films was around 151%~608%. Tensile strength and elongation of the blend film samples reached about 11.3~20.7MPa and 10.8~20.2% respectively. The degradation rate declined obviously compared with the simple use of the SH. XRD and IR spectra indicated that crystallinity of the blend films was enhanced slightly after cross-linking. The blend films were co-cultured with bone mesenchymal stem cells. It was demonstrated that the films could support the growth of cells and were non-toxicity and good biocompatibility.
Flow Stress Prediction of High-Nb TiAl Alloys under High Temperature Deformation
Authors: Cheng Liang , Chang Hui , Tang Bin , Kou Hong Chao , Li Jin Shan
Published: June 2012

In this work, a back propagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN) model is conducted to predict the flow behaviors of high-Nb TiAl (TNB) alloys during high temperature deformation. The inputs of the neural network are deformation temperature, log strain rate and strain whereas flow stress is the output. There is a single hidden layer with 7 neutrons in the network, and the weights and bias of the network were optimized by Genetic Algorithm (GA). The comparison result suggests a very good correlation between experimental and predicted data. Besides, the non-experimental flow stress predicted by the network is shown to be in good agreement with the results calculated by three dimensional interpolation, which confirmed a good generalization capability of the proposed network.
Constitutive Modeling of Beta Titanium Alloy Ti-10V-4.5Fe-1.5Al during Hot Deformation Process
Authors: Han Feng Bo , Li Jin Shan , Kou Hong Chao , Tang Bin , Lai Min Jie , Chang Hui
Published: June 2012

A constitutive model using dislocation density rate as an internal state variable has been proposed for hot working of β titanium alloy in this paper. The β phase was only taken into consideration during high temperature deformation. The solution strengthening and dislocation interaction were included in the constitutive equations. The strength coefficient was determined by equivalent vanadium content, Veq, which was calculated according to the alloy constituent. A Kocks-Mecking model was adopted to describe the variation of dislocation density. The constitutive relationship of a β titanium alloy Ti-10V-4.5Fe-1.5Al for high temperature deformation was established using the internal-state-variable based model. Model parameters were determined by the genetic algorithm based objective optimization method. The predicted results agree fairly well with the experimental value.
Reduction of Residual Vibrations in High-Speed Cam Mechanisms Using Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines
Authors: Xuan Guan Tao , Shao Yuan Yuan , Lü Zhao Qin
Published: June 2012

In high-speed cam mechanisms, the output motion and positioning accuracy are affected greatly by residual vibrations. To reduce residual vibration, non-uniform rational B-splines (NURBS) is employed to reconstruct the cam profile. Based on elastic dynamic theory, this paper designs the multi-objective dynamic optimization model of high-speed cam mechanisms, and proposes an improved artificial fish swarm algorithm (IAFSA) to optimize the cam profile. Utilizing the taboo search strategy, NURBS profile is optimized twice with variable parameters. By adjusting parameters of NURBS, dynamic characteristics of the follower motion curve are improved, and the residual vibration is reduced. Finally, an optimization simulation example is given to demonstrate the usefulness and effectiveness of the approach.
Study and Analysis on Engineering Feature and Environmental Influence of Coal Mine
Authors: Su Rong Jun
Published: June 2012

In order to study the environmental impact of coal mining, took Expanding and Improving Project on Xihe Coal Mine (EIPXCM) as an example to investigate and study. Firstly, investigated its coal bed structure and coal quality and summed up its features and scale. The results show that the located stratum is mantle fold with intensive cracking activities. The coal bed is thin and uniclinal with a dip angle of 35°. So long wall retreating mining method along the strike will be adopted. Sulfur and phosphorous in the coal are low as 0.25～0.35% and 0.001～0.007% respectively. A key winding inclined shaft and another inclined shaft for workers and air return will be built. Production capability of the mine is 60 000 t/a with 1.9 years of workable period. Secondly, water cycling, equilibrium, treatment, flying ash pollution, coal mine safety and entironmental influence are analyzed. The results are that the relative gushing amounts of CH4 and CO are 2.5 m3/t and 0.34 m3/t respectively. Coal-dust explosion index is more than 40%. It indicates a low explosion possibility. The project will inevitably lead to surface subsidence and collapse resulting in further soil erosion to some extent. Finally, some precaution measures are also proponed. This will lay a sound foundation for later entironmental influence assessment.
Study on Corrosion Process of Nickel-Based Alloy in Na2SO4 Solutions
Authors: Zhang Fang , Zeng Wei Ming , Juan Kang , Li Yu Chun , Gao Fan
Published: June 2012

Alloy 600 was studied in different Na2SO4 solutions with three approaches including Tafel curve method, AC impedance curve and high temperature experiment. Experimental results showed that interface electric transfer process was the control step of whole electrochemistry process; and selective corrosion of Alloy 600 would not happen in high temperature process
A Comparison on Tailings Treatment and Disposal of Aba Lead-Zinc Concentrator
Authors: Zhao Shu , Liu Si Qing , Song Bao Xu , Pan Ji Ze
Published: June 2012

Tailings from Aba zinc-lead concentrator cannot be discharged in tailings dam by traditional wet disposal method due to the location restriction and environmental consideration. Treatment and disposal of the tailings become a serious problem that should be solved. Through investigation of tailings disposal in similar concentrators of China, a joint process of dewatering by hydrocyclones and pressure filters has put forward, in which a dry material can be obtained and disposed in dry manner, and the water produced in the process can be reused. This process is expected to set a good example for concentrators where construction of tailings dam is impossible
Development of High-Rise Buildings from Materials Perspective
Authors: Hou Zhao Ming , Yao Jia Wei
Published: June 2012

High-rise building is one type of architecture which is strongly dependent on structural technology, materials technology and equipment technology. Its emergence promoted technical innovation with ceaseless breakthrough. Contemporary high-rise buildings pursue ecological design through the use of new technologies, new materials and advanced scientific means such as structure, equipment, materials and construction methods.
Experience and Study of Austenitic Stainless Steel Machining
Authors: Tu Zhen Xiang
Published: June 2012

The mechanical and physical properties of Austenitic stainless steel are analyzed in detail in this paper, and the main problems of the influencing the material on machining are pointed out. Based on much experience and study, this paper puts forward the effective methods for the selection of cutter material, cutter angle, stock removal and cutting lubricant.
Research on Wind Farm and Energy Storage System Integration on Power System
Authors: Xiu Xiao Qing , Li Bei , Ma Hui Meng
Published: June 2012

Based on power system static voltage stability constraints, by theoretical analysis, calculation method of injection power for each node in power system is given. Compared with power flow simulation, results show that this method can be used to obtain nodes with relative large injection power, and calculation accuracy in a certain extent depends on the accuracy of power system Thevenin equivalent impedance. In addition, the application of energy storage systems to improve wind farm power injection is analyzed preliminarily. Simulation results show that locations of energy storage system in power system have impacts on the improvement of wind farm power injection.
Complementary Use of Partial Least-Squares and Artificial Neural Networks for the Annual Electricity Consumption Forecast
Authors: Jiang Hui Feng
Published: June 2012

A model for predicting annual electricity consumption based on the combination of neural network and partial least square method was proposed. The factors affecting the annual electricity consumption are analyzed by means of partial least square method to extract the most important components so that not only the problem of multi-correlation among variables can be solves but also the amount of input dimensions of the neural network can be reduced. Besides, the application of neural network helps to solve the problem of non-linearity of the model. The application example shows that the proposed model has high precision.
Integration of Distributing Energy System I: Modeling and Simulation
Authors: Wang Jin Yang , Cui Guo Min , Peng Fu Yu
Published: June 2012

The heating, power and cooling distributing energy system is studied by numerical simulation. System modeling and performance prediction are studied on the tri-generation system based on micro gas turbine as primary energy utilizing equipment in part Ⅰ. The results show: The numerical simulation can replace pilotscale experiment of objective project in the aspects of design and performance prediction of distributing energy system.
Modeling and Simulation Research on the Effect of Driving Skills on Vehicle Fuel Efficiency
Authors: Zeng Cheng , Yang Dong Bo , Liu Li , Cai Feng Tian
Published: June 2012

The research and application of eco-driving has the important practical significance for the energy conservation and emission reduction of automobile industry. In this paper, a simulation model has been set up based on GT-Suite and mathematical models of driving operations to simulate three typical driving operations. The results show that the acceleration speed plays important role in the acceleration operation. As the acceleration speed increases, fuel economy significantly deteriorates. In the transmission operation, the engine should not be operated in the high speed region. Otherwise, the fuel economy would deteriorate. In the cruise operation, the gear should be selected to matching the speed. High-gear low speed operation will cause safety problems, while low-gear high-speed operation will cause significantly deterioration of fuel economy.
Numerical Prediction of Energy Saving Effect of Compensating Duct Based on CFD Technique
Authors: Shen Hai Long , Su Yu Min , Chen Qing Tong
Published: June 2012

At present, the prediction of energy saving effect of energy saving devices, which still has some difficulties to solve in numerical methods, still depends on model test. Based on CFD technology, this paper will give a numerical prediction method of energy saving effect for compensating ducts. Firstly, the wake field of one full form ship is predicted, which includes the bare hull and hull with compensating ducts. After studying the numerical prediction method of analyzing the interaction between hull and propellers, the energy saving effect of compensating ducts is predicted with the interaction of hull and propeller. The calculation results show that the method is feasible to predict the energy saving effect of compensating ducts. The efficiency of the propeller is improved remarkably when ship hull is installed the compensating ducts.
Pilot Investigation on Mechanical Stirred and Pneumatic Drying of Bagasse with Boiler Flue Gases
Authors: Zhou Shao Ji , Yu Quan , Qin Xiao Yu , Zhang Si Yuan
Published: June 2012

A novel system of mechanical stirred and pneumatic drying of bagasse with boiler flue gases was developed and experimented on pilot scale in a sugar mill. Investigation was performed on factors affecting the dried bagasse moisture content, the drying efficiency of the dryer, and the pressure drops of both the dryer and the separating cyclone. Optimal operating conditons were found to be stirring speed 40 rpm, throughput of the pilot dryer 1000 kgh-1, and flow rate of flue gases 4500 kgh-1. The pressure drops of the dryer and the cyclone were less than 100 Pa and 250 Pa respectively. The novel system was superior to conventional dryers on both the drying efficiency and the power demand by the induced fan.
Recovery, Utilization and Research of Waste Heat from the Blast Furnace Water Granulated Slag
Authors: Wang Fang Ming , Li Xue Song , Wang Yang
Published: June 2012

To make use of waste heat of water quenching for blast furnace slag in production, this paper introduces and then analyzes some ways of waste heat recovery is used to power generation, sea water desalination and heating, in particular, indicates that the form of indirect heating of graining tower steam recycling equipment is the best most application and extension.
The Energy-Saving and Noise Reduction of Fan Equipped in Evaporative Condenser in Refrigeration System
Authors: Wang Zhi Yuan , Fu Wei Gang , Sun Yu Xiang , Su Yong Tao
Published: June 2012

To study practical methods about energy-saving and noise reduction of fan,by analysising energy consumption and noise formation mechanism of fan in evaporative condenser. on the basis of the fan structure optimization (large diameter fan equiped width blade, anteversion structure),adopting multi-blowers starting and stopping control independently and Variable frequency fan, Optimum solution of energy-saving and noise reduction of fan was obtained.
Thermodynamic Performance of Absorption Heat Transformer Using a New Working Pair: Water+Ionic Liquid 1,3-dimethylimidazolium Dimethylphosphate
Authors: Zhang Xiao Dong , Hu Da Peng , Zhao Zong Chang
Published: June 2012

In present research ionic liquid, 1,3-dimethylimidazolium dimethylphosphate ([MMIM][DMP]) and water were taken as the new working pair for absorption heat transformer (AHT). The thermodynamic cycle performance for this working pair was simulated based on its thermodynamic data, mass and energy balance for each component in a AHT. The effects of absorption and condensing temperature on the coefficient of performance (COP), exergy efficiency (ECOP), concentration deference between dense and dilution solutions and flow rate ratio were analyzed. The cycle performance comparison for AHT using two working pairs, H2O + [MMIM][DMP] and H2O + LiBr was carried out. The results indicate that the COP and ECOP of AHT for H2O+ [MMIM][DMP] are all lower than those for H2O + LiBr, but they can still reach 0.4 and 0.5 respectively when condensing and generation temperatures are 35 and 90 °C respectively. The excellent physical and chemical properties of ionic liquid mentioned above together with suitable cycle performance make this new working pair to have the potential application in absorption heat pump or absorption heat transformer.
Performance Comparison among Heat Pump Water Heaters Working with R32, R134a and the Mixture of R32/R134a
Authors: Ding De Feng , Liu Shi Jie , Zheng Chao Yu , Yu Wen Sheng , Chen Wu
Published: June 2012

A general air-source heat pump water heater originally designed to work with R134a was reconstructed as experimental rig for performance studies on systems using different refrigerants including R32, R134a and the mixture of R32/R134a which mass ratio is 1:5. Experimental results showed that the power consumption of the heat pump water heater charged individually with R32 would greatly exceed the system’s original pre-set maximum input power. When the leaving water temperature was increased from 18°C to 58°C, the average discharge temperature of the heat pump charged with R32/R134a mixture was 13.6% higher than that with R134a. The average power consumption of the heat pump with R134a was 253.5W less than that with R32/R134a mixture. However, the average COP (Coefficient of Performance) obtained by that with R32/R134a mixture was 0.83 higher than that with R134a.
Development of Advanced Train Control System in Japan and its Energy Saving Effect
Authors: Nakamura Hideo , Sun Jia , Takahashi Sei , Yamamoto Masanori
Published: June 2012

Railways are an energy-efficient mode of transportation. Even so, efforts are being made to attain even further energy savings. The latest train-car model of the Shinkansen bullet train, while achieving enriched functionality and improved performance, has attained a 49% energy reduction compared with the 0-series Shinkansen train-cars that debuted at the start of Shinkansen's operation. Also, in the underlying train control system, technologies that will lead to energy reduction have been developed. In order to achieve further energy savings and higher-performance train control, we are developing a new train control system known as Automatic Train Protection and Block System (sometimes referred to ATP-Block system here). This new control system produces a high energy-saving effect compared with conventional signal systems based on ground equipment. We believe that realization of low-cost, highly functional energy-saving Railways will bring back users of automobiles and airlines to Railways, contributing to global energy saving and helping to prevent environmental destruction.
The Study on the Energy-Saving Technique of down Draft Kiln
Authors: Liu Yong Jie , Sun Jie Jing , Meng Qing Feng , Xu Min Fei
Published: June 2012

The down draft kiln which uses producer gas as fuel generates high-temperature waste gas, wasting a lot of energy and making it difficult to get high firing temperature. Based on the theory and experiences from practice, herein we propose a set of methods aiming at improving the energy efficiency of the kiln. The methods include: directly heating raw materials using the high-temperature waste gas from the kiln; changing the location of combustion chamber from the bottom to the top of the kiln; modifying other aspects (such as the numbers of kiln, the location of kiln and flue). The validity of these modifications was verified by an industrial experiment. It was demonstrated that with same size of kiln, the productivity of a kiln used for firing bauxite increased by more than 30% and the fuel consumption was reduced by more than 16%.
Relationship between the Solar Radiation and Surface Temperature in Perlis
Authors: Daut Ismail , Yusoff Mohd Irwan , Ibrahim Safwati , Irwanto Muhammad , Nsurface Gomesh
Published: June 2012

Statistical models for predicting the solar radiation have been developed. In any prediction of the solar radiation, an understanding of its characteristics is of fundamental importance. This study presents an investigation of a relationship between solar radiation and surface temperature in Perlis, Northern Malaysia for the year of 2006. To achieve this, the data are presented in daily averaged maximum and minimum surface temperature, and daily averaged solar radiation. Since the scatter plots represent the straight line, the linear regression model was selected to estimate the solar radiation. It was found that the linear correlation coefficient value is 0.7473 shows that a strong linear relationship between solar radiation and surface temperature. The analysis of variance R2 is 0.5585 that is; about 56 percent of the variability in temperature is accounted for by the straight-line fit to solar radiation. Based on the results, the fitted model is adequate to represent the estimation of solar radiation.
The Progress of Hybrid Proton Exchange Membranes Prepared by SPAEKs for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells
Authors: Lin Hai Dan , Zhang He , Yang Xiao Ying
Published: June 2012

This review summarizes efforts in developing proton exchange membranes (PEMs) with excellent electrochemical fuel cell performance prepared by SPAEK in proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) applications. Over the past few decades, much polyelectrolyte has been extensively studied to improve the properties as alternatives with lower cost and considerable performances for PEMFC. Sulfonated poly(aryl ether ketone) (SPAEK), fell into this category, which offers the attribute of adjustable proton conductivity, excellent mechanical and thermal stability. The discussion will cover crosslinking, organic-inorganic nanocomposite, layer-by-layer approaches.
Energy Analysis for Hydrogen Generation with the Waste Heat of Internal Combustion Engine
Authors: Lu Liang Chun , Lu Jau Huai
Published: June 2012

The production of hydrogen with the exhaust energy of an internal combustion engine was investigated in this paper. Steam reforming of methanol is an efficient way to generate hydrogen at relatively low temperature. The reactants of this process are methanol and water, and the hydrogen yield may reach as high as 75% theoretically. However, this is an endothermic reaction, and additional energy has to be provided to this process. If copper oxides and zinc oxides are used as catalyst, the reaction may proceed at the temperature of 270°C. A heat exchanger was designed in this study to use the hot exhaust of a diesel engine to convert methanol to hydrogen. This system is composed of a reformer, a heating chamber, a by-pass valve, and a control valve. Methanol was mixed with pure water at the ratio of 1:1 to form methanol solution. The flow rate of the methanol solution was adjusted according to the engine speed and load such that the thermal energy of engine exhaust may be fully utilized. The reformer is made of copper tubes and compact alumina fins. Pills of catalyst were filled inside copper tubes. Hot exhaust gas flowed through fins and transferred heat to methanol solution. Methanol solution at room temperature was fed into the reformer at a specified rate. It was heated and vaporized inside the copper tube, and then converted to the final products. It was found that in our system the molar fraction of H2 in the reformed gas was 72.6%, while that of CO2 was 23.5%. The exhaust temperature of a diesel engine varies in the range of 250°C~450°C, depending on the load of engine. It is quite sufficient to generate hydrogen with engine exhaust in a methanol reformer. In our system, the hydrogen rate of 17.3 L/min can be obtained in the exhaust pipe of a diesel engine with the displacement volume of 6000c.c. It was found that 49.5% of thermal energy can be recovered, and 92.6% of the recovered energy can be converted. In total, 36.7% of the waste energy can be recovered and stored in the reformed fuel.
The Comparison of Hydrogen Production Capacity with Two Substrates by Anaerobic Fermentation
Authors: Wang Chen Guang , Wang Zhan Qing , Zhou Su Ying , Wang Xiao Mei , Zhang Guo Cai , Li Yong Feng
Published: June 2012

The experiment took a continuous stirred tank reactor as a reacting device, which based on molasses wastewater and brown sugar wastewater as the fermentation substrate. We studied the hydrogen production capacity with the two different substrates under the anaerobic fermentation. The results showed that the maximum hydrogen production yield were 0.99 L/d (molasses as the substrate) and 1.95L/d (brown sugar as the substrate), respectively, with the hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 6.2 h, temperature of (35 ± 1) °C and the reactor substrate concentration of 3000 mg COD/L. At the same time, the liquid end components were changed in a large scope. During the first 28 days, acetic acid and propionic acid were the main components, when molasses was replaced by brown sugar as the substrate, the percentages of propionic acid and butyrate acid decreased significantly from 25.7%, 15.4% to 11.8%, 9.47%, respectively. And the fermentation type was transformed from the mixed-acid-type fermentation to the more stable ethanol-type fermentation.
Aluminium Hydroxide Ultrafine Powder Extracted from Fly Ash
Authors: Lin Hai Yan , Wan Lin , Yang Yong Fu
Published: June 2012

Al(OH)3 ultrafine powder was extracted from fly ash with the method of dispersing agent-carbonizating. Fly ash is activated by the method of sintering with limestone, so the inert mullite can be convert into C12A7 which can be dissolved in Na2CO3 liquor. The conversion of β-C2S to γ-C2S is accompanied by an increase in volume and results in the self-pulverization of the sintering feed, and the diameter of the self-pulverized powder is below 1μm. Na2CO3 liquor was used to leach Al2O3 in the form of NaAlO2 from the self-pulverized powder. High performance dispersing agent is added in the carbonation process to control the crystal and aggregation of Al(OH)3, and the ultrafine powder of Al(OH)3 is prepared, which diameter is less than 0.4μm.
Carbon Coated N-Doping of TiO2 Nanotube Films with Enhanced Visible-Light Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Jia Fang Zhou , Yao Zhong Ping , Jiang Zhao Hua
Published: June 2012

Carbon coated N-doping of TiO2 nanotube films were successfully prepared by a two-step process of anodization and gas thermal penetration. The morphologies and structures of composites were characterized by SEM, XRD, XPS and Raman spectroscopy analyses, respectively. The results show that graphitized carbon deposited on the surface of TiO2NTs nanotubes under gas thermal penetration conditions, by which N atoms are incorporated into the lattice of TiO2NTs through substituting the site of oxygen atoms. Such Carbon coated N-doping of TiO2 nanotube films presents the enhance absorption in visible region. The photo catalytic tests show that the prepared films at 600°C reveal higher photocatalytic activity for splitting of water than other samples.
Density Functional Theory Study of Influence of Hydrogen Molecule Absorption on the Field Emission Properties of Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Fan Zhi Qin , Li Rui , Cai Gen Wang , Wang Jian Xing , Zhang Jun De
Published: June 2012

Using first-principles density-functional theory investigate (5, 5) capped single-walled carbon nanotubes adsorbed at one end by hydrogen molecule with and without an applied electric field. It is found that the structure of carbon nanotubes with hydrogen molecules is stable under field-emission conditions. The induced dipole moments is the direction of the applied electric field，and the LUMO-HOMO energy gaps decrease. These results elucidate that the field-emission properties of carbon nanotubes can be enhanced by the adsorption of hydrogen molecules, and are consistent with the experimental results.
Effect of Rapid Quenching in Magnetic Field on the Microstructures and Electrochemical Performances of AB5-Type Alloys
Authors: Tang You Gen , Jiang Chen Xi , Wang Ya Zhi , Gao Xiao Pei , Zhang Jin Bao
Published: June 2012

Direct magnetic field was imposed during the process of rapid quenching by melt spinning of MlNi3.6Co0.7Mn0.4Al0.3and MlNi3.6Co0.35Mn0.5Al0.3Cu0.25. The effect of rapid quenching in magnetic field on the microstructures and electrochemical performances was investigated in detail. The results show that rapid quenching decreases the grain size of both alloys, and magnetic field results in an oriented growth especially for MlNi3.6Co0.35Mn0.5Al0.3Cu0.25alloys, but they have little influence on the typical CaCu5structure of AB5-type alloys except for the increase of cell parameters (a0, c0) and cell volume. Electrochemical studies indicate that rapid quenching enhances the cycle stability significantly but inevitably decreases the electrochemical capacities of the alloys unless magnetic field was imposed. Additionally, the diffusion of hydrogen and rate properties are improved with the emergence of magnetic field compared with the alloys processed by rapid quenching only.
Manufacture of Custom Contoured Seat Cushions Using the Pressure Mapping Method Technique
Authors: Singare Se Kou , Zhong Shou Yan
Published: June 2012

custom contoured cushion, pressure ulcer prevention, pressure distribution, CAD/CAM Abstract. In the rehabilitation engineering area, the pressure ulcer prevention is an important and healthy problem, especially for people with the spinal cord injured (SCI). This paper aim to develop a computer aided design and computer aided manufacture (CAD/CAM) method to manufacture custom cushions to prevent pressure ulcer. A pressure sensor mat is placed between the body and flat polyurethane (PU) foam to measure the pressure distribution at the buttock-cushion interface. Based on the load-deformation characteristics of the foam material, this pressure distribution is converted into the corresponding deformation contour of the foam. Finally, the deformation data was processed and edited using Rhino 3D surface modelling software to create the CAD model of the custom contoured cushion. Then, the CAD data are transferred into CNC milling machine to manufacture the custom contoured cushion.
Mechanochemical Synthesis and Electrochemical Performances of Li4Ti5O12 Anode Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Yang , Xie Hua Qing , Li Jing , Wang Ji Feng
Published: June 2012

Li4Ti5O12 anode materials have been synthesized via mechnochemical method and subsequent sintering with nanosized TiO2 and Li2CO3 as reagents. XRD measurements indicated that well crystallized Li4Ti5O12 could be obtained above 800 °C. The sizes of Li4Ti5O12 particles increased with sintered temperature augmenting. Various particle distribution and particle sizes are presented in SEM images. In electrochemical investigations, Li4Ti5O12 sintered at 800 °C presented excellent discharge-charge performances and rate capability. The discharge capacity could achieve 168 mAh/g and 140 mAh/g at 0.1 C and 1.0 C rate, respectively, which was attributed to its uniform particle size distribution and relatively small particle size.
Oxygen Vacancy of RE0.5Sr0.5CoO3-δ Thin Films
Authors: Ding Tie Zhu , Zhu Cheng Jun , Qin Yan Li , Wang Yan Lai , Chao Luo Meng
Published: June 2012

Thin films of RE0.5Sr0.5CoO3-δ (RE=La, Pr, Nd) nominal composition were grown on yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) single crystal substrates by ion-beam sputtering deposition method. The X-ray diffraction spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were measured for RE0.5Sr0.5CoO3-δ thin films with perovskite structure. The experimental results indicate that the average grain size of RE0.5Sr0.5CoO3-δ thin films ranges from 86 to 165 nm，and the film obtained by heat-treating at 750 °C is highly oriented . The RE0.5Sr0.5CoO3-δ thin films being mixed-valent systems contains Co3+ and Co4+ ions. There is oxygen vacancy at an interface region for RE0.5Sr0.5CoO3-δ thin films.
Analysis of Output Characteristics of Photovoltaic System
Authors: Zhang Xue Li , Liu Qi Hui , Li Bei , Ma Hui Meng
Published: June 2012

The output of photovoltaic generation system is influenced by the factors such as solar radiation, temperature and so on. So the change of photovoltaic generation power is a non-stationary random process that will impact on the grid. In order to promote large-scale photovoltaic generation connected to the grid, we need to configure energy storage devices for photovoltaic power station and in order to coordinate the allocation of photovoltaic system with energy storage system, we requires a thorough understanding of output characteristics of the photovoltaic system. This paper firstly analyzes the influence brought by the large-scale photovoltaic generation system connected to the grid and then introduces the effect factors of photovoltaic output. Based on the history data of the 100 kWp photovoltaic power station and the statistical method, the paper qualitatively and quantitatively analyzes the photovoltaic output performance; finally puts forward the PV output power evaluation index. The conclusions of this study will provide powerful data references for follow-up studies and have practical value.
Studies on Preparation and Properties of PEG/MMT Solid-Solid Phase Change Material
Authors: Gu Xiao Hua , Xu Bao Yun , Zhou Jia Liang , Li Shi Wei
Published: June 2012

This paper details the preparation of one kind of PEG/MMT solid-solid phase change materials. With polyethylene glycol (PEG) as the phase change materials, montmorillonite (MMT) as skeletons, through the graft copolymerization method, prepare PEG/MMT solid-solid phase change energy storage materials. The structure, the phase transition behavior and thermal stability of PEG/MMT phase change materials were analyzed and studied by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetry (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and studied the influence of different molecular weight PEG on the capability and structure of the material, polymer phase change energy storage behavior and crystallization behavior. Finally, The PEG/MMT solid-solid phase change material could improve enthalpy value and thermal stability.
Study of Mechanical Properties of High Quality Phenolic Molding Compounds
Authors: Zhou Wen Fu , He Yan Qian , Yan Ye Yong
Published: June 2012

Currently, there are many unresolved issues to produce high quality phenolic molding compounds (PMC), which are widely used in many industry sectors. In this paper, we design a new approach to resolve some issues, and produce high quality PMC from phenolic resins, fillers, curing agents, and modified fiberglass by silane coupling agents. The preparation processes and the mechanical properties of the newly prepared PMC are studied extensively, and typical composite properties are: volume resistivity of 2.4×1013Ω.cm, surface resistivity of 3.9×1013Ω.cm, impact strength of 2.65KJ/m2, bending strength of 95.9MPa, electric strength of 12.28mv, heat deflection temperature of 240°C, fluidity of 0.26mm, electric strength of 12.28mv, specific gravity of 1.661g/mL. Compared with currently used approaches, our approach can produce PMC with better overall performance and lower costs. This paper has two contributions, one is to propose and test a new approach for producing high quality PMC, and another is that we made a high quality PMC material with low costs.
Synthesis of Zeolite A, X and P from a South African Coal Fly Ash
Authors: Musyoka Nicholas Mulei , Petrik Leslie Felicia , Hums Eric
Published: June 2012

Synthesis conditions for generating high quality zeolite type Na-P1, A, and X from a South African coal fly ash were identified in this study. XRF, XRD, FTIR and SEM analytical techniques were used to characterize the starting fly ash feedstock and the resulting synthesis product. Synthesis of these high quality zeolites types is expected to provide a competitive alternative for recycling the ever increasing quantity of fly ash produced in the South African coal-fired power plants. This approach will not only be environment friendly but could also be attractive from an economic point of view since the cost of disposal of fly ash could be offset by the income generated from the sale of the synthesized zeolitic materials.
Synthesis of ZnO/MWCNTs Nanostructure via Hydrothermal Method and its Electrochemical Capacitive Performance
Authors: Lu Li Hua , Gong Liang Yu
Published: June 2012

The composites of ZnO/multi-wall carbon nanotubes (ZnO/MWCNTs) were efficiently synthesized via a simple hydrothermal method, and their capacitive properties were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatical charge/discharge tests, respectively. The resulting ZnO/ MWCNTs composite displayed net-like combined structure, in which the flower-like ZnO particles assembled by ZnO nanorods were entangled by the MWCNTs, Electrochemical investigation exhibited that the highest speciﬁc capacitance of 310 F g-1 was obtained when the content of MWCNTs reached to 20%, compared to the ZnO (55 F g-1) and MWCNTs electrode (17 F g-1), showing the synergistic effect of ZnO and MWCNTs. The excellent net-like hybrid structure and the good conductivity of MWCNTs were considered to be responsible for its preferable electrochemical performances.
Test Study on the Influence of Parameters of Extrusion System on Die Pressure of Extrusion
Authors: Zhao Feng Qin , Shen De Chao
Published: June 2012

Abstract. With Investigating the Mechanism of Straw extrusion，test study on the influence of parameters of extrusion system on pressure of die through square combination experiment of five factors and five levels with orthogonal rotation by the single extruder, these parameters include the nozzle’s gap △, distance δ between screw end and internal surface of die, the temperature Τ of sleeve, the screw speed N and straw moisture W. The optimum values of parameters of extrusion system were put out which provides certain reference for extrusion design.
The Comparative Study of Honghe Lignite Pyrolysis under the Atmosphere of Methanol and Nitrogen
Authors: He De Min , Zhang Lin , Guan Jun , Zhang Qiu Min
Published: June 2012

The pyrolysis of Honghe lignite was investigated on low heating rate (about 20°C/min) conditions in a fixed bed reactor with 10g fed in. Nitrogen was used as carrier gas operating at the range from 50 to 200ml/min. And, the temperature was tested from 440 to 560°C, the pressure ranges from 0.1MPa to 1.2MPa. The yields of coal tar, char, water and gas were obtained in experiments. The maximum coal tar yield of 9.77% (dry coal) was achieved at 520°C, 50ml/min nitrogen flow rate, pressure 0.4MPa and 20 minutes holding time. Then methanol was injected in the system at the preheat temperature 240°C(a little higher than its critical temperature). The methanol flow rate, pressure and holding time were also taken into consideration. And the results were compared with those obtained in pyrolysis under nitrogen atmosphere. It showed that higher liquid yield with lower yields of char, gas and loss were obtained with the presence of methanol, but the differences of char yields were slight. The total sulfur removal for methanol presence is considerably higher than the absence of methanol in pyrolysis. Considering the mild conditions of the pyrolysis with presence of methanol, this method may be an appropriate way to make use of the lignite efficiently and environmentally.
The Effect of Additive on Temperature Rising Characteristics during Coal Pyrolysis in Microwave Field
Authors: Liu Quanrun , Xia Hao
Published: June 2012

The pesent paper decribed the effects of additive on temperature rising characteristic during coal pyrolysis at different temperature in microwave field. Different mixture rate of carboncoal with coal and different final temperature on coal pyrolysis tempereature rising characteristics were studied in the work. The results indicate: Coal is a poorly microwave absorbing material, and its pyrolysis in microwave field need to add a certain amount of microwave absorbent for higher heating rate; Because carbocoal can be fast heated in microwave field, so it can be used as additive for coal pyrolysis. Carbocoal otained from different pyrolysis temperature have different heating rate, along with the increase of carbocoal pyrolysis temperature, carbocoal heating rate increases in microwave field. Using charcoal as microwave absorbent for coal rapid pyrolysis in microwave field is feasible.
The Genesis and Characteristics of Calcified-Wood Alike Carbonation in Zhiluo Group of Ore-Bearing Strata in Dongsheng Uranium Deposit
Authors: Wu Bo Lin , Hu Liang , Liu Chi Yang , Bian Fei , Wang Hai Tong , Wei An Jun , Zhang Kun Hong , Dai Mei Fang
Published: June 2012

Dongsheng deposit at the northeast Ordos Basin is one of the largest sandstone-type uranium deposits in China. Its characteristics are quite different from that of sandstone-type uranium deposit in Turpan Basin and Yili Basin, Xinjiang province. One of the important aspects is that Zhiluo group of ore-bearing stratum in Dongsheng deposit was developed with more discontinuous lenticular carbonation and phenomenon of calcified wood rather than the unique non-plant fossils. This phenomenon of calcified-wood alike carbonation is rarely observed in other uranium deposits in Ordos Basin. The identified rock slice is composed of micritic calcite cemented sandstone and crystalline calcite. The former was formed by sedimentary diagenesis. The latter consists of calcite inclusions, which have been observed in water-based solution and CO2 or CH4-based gas inclusions. The temperature of the most inclusions were in the range of 140~170°C. It indicated that carbonate played an important role as hydrothermal fludis in the process of the formation of calcified wood. The analytic results of sparry calcite carbon and oxygen isotope showed that the most of the carbon sources were provided by the organic matter rather than from the process of diagenesis. Combined with the formation and characteristics of Dongsheng deposit where the area oil and gas dispersion exists, the formation of calcified-wood alike carbonation was the result of geological dispersion of oil and gas, which came from the middle of the basin area in the Paleozoic atmosphere filled by calcite crystals. Understanding the formation mechanism of Zhiluo group of ore-bearing stratum has great significance in prospecting for Dongsheng deposit.
The Performance of White Light OLED Phosphorescence Materials
Authors: Yao Zi Jun , Zheng Hua Jing , Ruan Zheng , Jiang Quan
Published: June 2012

High-efficiency WOLEDs based on phosphorescent dye bis[2-(4-tert-butylphenyl)benzothiazolato-N,C2′]iridium (acetylacetonate) [(t-bt)2 lr (acac)] as yellow emitting layer were fabricated. The turn-on voltage of the device was 3 V with a maximum luminance of 15,460 cd/m2 at 16.5 V and a maximum luminance efficiency of 7.5 lm/W at 4 V. The CIE coordinates located at (0.33, 0.32) and remained unchanged at over 8 V, almost consistent with optimum the white CIE of (0.33, 0.33). The effect of carrier trapping and energy transfer on the device performance was also discussed.
The Research on the Relationship between the Coal Volatile and the Kinetics Parameters by Thermo-Gravimetric Experiment
Authors: Qu Li Na , Jiang Yuan Gang , Gao Ru Le
Published: June 2012

Coal spontaneous combustion is a common coal mine disaster, the internal mechanism of coal combustion is revealed better by researched the relationship between the coal volatile and the kinetics parameters. Based on the method of non-isothermal, the coal samples from Jinggezhuang9#, Jinggezhuang11#, Qianjiaying, Tangshan and Tunlan are used the thermo-gravimetric experiment. The relationship between the reactive kinetic parameter and the volatile matter are fond out, when the heating rate is 100C/min. The experiment results illustrate that the more the volatile matter is, the less the activation energy (E) and the Pre Exponential factor (A) are, and the difficulty rank of coal samples of spontaneous combustion is Jinggezhuang9#, Jinggezhuang11#, Tangshan, Qianjiaying, Tunlan.
The Water Molecules Dynamic Adsorption Performance Study in the Reverse Osmosis Membrane of Aromatic Polyamide Type
Authors: Xiao Ru Feng , Liu Jing Yang , Zhang Jian Qiang
Published: June 2012

In order to understand the mass transfer process of water molecules in the reverse osmosis membrane based on the dynamic adsorption theory and diffusion transfer concept, according to the theory of random walk, the diffusion-adsorption equation is deduced at the beginning of dynamic adsorption around all diffusion regions. It was studied and analyzed the dynamic adsorption behaviour of H2O in reverse osmosis membrane of polyamide in the experiment, and the influence of the different temperature to the dynamic adsorption of the reverse osmosis membrane on the early stages was discussed, and calculated the abnormal diffusion index dw. The results showed that the water molecules in this aromatic polyamide type reverse osmosis membrane have the behaviour of abnormal dynamic adsorption, and the higher temperature was, the smaller the abnormal diffusion index dw was.
New Process Development of Semi-Coke Production with Low Metamorphic Degree Coal
Authors: Zhao Jun Xue , Liu Jun Li , Li Xiao Ming , Bao Long Fei
Published: June 2012

In this paper, Technology development of Semi-coke production with low metamorphic degree coal is introduced. The technology characters and the problems existed is analyzed and measures to these problems are suggested. Two pieces of techniques to the main problems, lower temperature distillition with oxygen as combustion agent (DWO2) and new semicoke dry quenching with cold distillation gas (NSQ) is introduced. They have been proven feasible by pilot test and can combine with the current process to form a new generation environment-friendly technology.
Analysis of the Causes of the Massive Ferrite in P91 Steel
Authors: Xu Jiang Xiao , Ma Dong Fang , Zhao Yong Feng
Published: June 2012

Analyzed theoretically the reasons for the formation of massive ferrite through analysis of the phase diagram of P91 steel. By Combining with the heat treatment of the header, we can make a conclusion that the formation of massive ferrite in P91 steel is because temperature is too high (more than the A1 transformation point). And the process of elimination of massive ferrite was proposed.