bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cidades literárias: por uma hierarquia urbana qualitativa em direção a uma geografia da emoção
Authors: Verdaguer Carles Carreras
Published: March 2018

Este artigo baseia-se em reflexões sobre a relação entre cidade e literatura ao longo dos últimos séculos e a escala universal. O objetivo principal, neste caso, é tentar uma possível hierarquia urbana a partir da crítica para a seleção das cidades literárias UNESCO. Primeiro se apresenta o caso de Barcelona, a cidade estudada pelo autor, para mostrar a essência de uma cidade literária. Em seguida, é mostrado que as grandes metrópoles, Paris, Londres e Nova Iorque, são as primeiras cidades literárias a partir de qualquer ponto de vista. Mas também algumas cidades menores podem chegar neste nível pela qualidade e difusão de seus livros, como Dublin, Praga e Alexandria. Os outros níveis da hierarquia são difíceis e complexos de configurar, mas conclui-se que a complexidade de pontos de vista e a profundidade dos sentimentos que inspiram a literatura formam a base da qualidade que deve justificar qualquer hierarquia além das quantidades, tão objetiváveis.
Em busca da Geografia perdida: poética, narrativa e paisagem em Marcel Proust
Authors: Ferraz Cláudio Benito
Published: March 2018

Este artigo objetiva estabelecer alguns apontamentos sobre a obra de Marcel Proust, principalmente o seu clássico Em Busca do Tempo Perdido, em direção a outros sentidos para a linguagem geográfica, notadamente a partir do mergulho no cotidiano, os detalhes das coisas, sentimentos e fenômenos que acontecem nos diversos lugares em que a vida humana se territorializa.
Goiânia: entre a arquitetura e a crônica
Authors: Suzuki Júlio César
Published: March 2018

Resenha do livro de Márcia Metran de Mello.
Visceral Adipose Tissue Drives Cardiac Aging Through Modulation of Fibroblast Senescence by Osteopontin Production
Authors: Sawaki Daigo , Czibik Gabor , Pini Maria , Ternacle Julien , Suffee Nadine , Mercedes Raquel , Marcelin Geneviève , Surenaud Mathieu , Marcos Elisabeth , Gual Philippe , Clément Karine , Hue Sophie , Adnot Serge , Hatem Stéphane N. , Tsuchimochi Izuru , Yoshimitsu Takehiko , Hénégar Corneliu , Derumeaux Geneviève
Published: March 2018

Background:

Aging induces cardiac structural and functional changes linked to the increased deposition of extracellular matrix proteins, including OPN (osteopontin), conducing to progressive interstitial fibrosis. Although OPN is involved in various pathological conditions, its role in myocardial aging remains unknown.

Methods:

OPN deficient mice (OPN-/-) with their wild-type (WT) littermates were evaluated at 2 and 14 months of age in terms of cardiac structure, function, histology and key molecular markers. OPN expression was determined by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunoblot and immunofluorescence. Luminex assays were performed to screen plasma samples for various cytokines/adipokines in addition to OPN. Similar explorations were conducted in aged WT mice after surgical removal of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) or treatment with a small-molecule OPN inhibitor agelastatin A. Primary WT fibroblasts were incubated with plasma from aged WT and OPN-/- mice, and evaluated for senescence (senescence-associated β-galactosidase and p16), as well as fibroblast activation markers (Acta2 and Fn1).

Results:

Plasma OPN levels increased in WT mice during aging, with VAT showing the strongest OPN induction contrasting with myocardium that did not express OPN. VAT removal in aged WT mice restored cardiac function and decreased myocardial fibrosis in addition to a substantial reduction of circulating OPN and transforming growth factor β levels. OPN deficiency provided a comparable protection against age-related cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction. Intriguingly, a strong induction of senescence in cardiac fibroblasts was observed in both VAT removal and OPN-/- mice. The addition of plasma from aged OPN-/- mice to cultures of primary cardiac fibroblasts induced senescence and reduced their activation (compared to aged WT plasma). Finally, Agelastatin A treatment of aged WT mice fully reversed age-related myocardial fibrosis and dysfunction.

Conclusions:

During aging, VAT represents the main source of OPN and alters heart structure and function via its profibrotic secretome. As a proof-of-concept, interventions targeting OPN, such as VAT removal and OPN deficiency, rescued the heart and induced a selective modulation of fibroblast senescence. Our work uncovers OPN’s role in the context of myocardial aging and proposes OPN as a potential new therapeutic target for a healthy cardiac aging.
Characterization of a Novel 99mTc-Carbonyl Complex as a Functional Probe of MDR1 P-Glycoprotein Transport Activity
Authors: Dyszlewski Mary , Blake Helen M. , Dahlheimer Julie L. , Pica Christina M. , Piwnica-Worms David
Published: March 2018

Multidrug resistance (MDR) mediated by overexpression of MDR1 P-glycoprotein (Pgp) is one of the best characterized barriers to chemotherapy in cancer patients. Furthermore, the protective function of Pgp-mediated efflux of xenobiotics in various organs has a profound effect on the bioavailability of drugs in general. Thus, there is an expanding requirement to noninvasively interrogate Pgp transport activity in vivo. We herein report the Pgp recognition properties of a novel 99mTc(I)-tricarbonyl complex, [99mTc(CO)3(MIBI)3] + (Tc-CO-MIBI). Tc-CO-MIBI showed 60-fold higher accumulation in drug-sensitive KB 3–1 cells compared to colchicine-selected drug-resistant KB 8-5 cells. In KB 8-5 cells, tracer enhancement was observed with the potent MDR modulator LY335979 (EC50 = 62 nM). Similar behavior was observed using drug-sensitive MCF-7 breast adenocarcinoma cells and MCF-7/ MDR1 stable transfectants, confirming that Tc-CO-MIBI is specifically excluded by overexpression of MDR1 Pgp. By comparison, net accumulation in control H69 lung tumor cells was 9-fold higher than in MDR-associated protein ( MRP1)-expressing H69AR cells, indicating only modest transport by MRP1. Biodistribution analysis following tail vein injection of Tc-CO-MIBI showed delayed liver clearance as well as enhanced brain uptake and retention in mdr1a/1b(−/−) gene deleted mice versus wild-type mice, directly demonstrating that Tc-CO-MIBI is a functional probe of Pgp transport activity in vivo.
Coded Aperture Nuclear Scintigraphy: A Novel Small Animal Imaging Technique
Authors: Schellingerhout Dawid , Accorsi Roberto , Mahmood Umar , Idoine John , Lanza Richard C. , Weissleder Ralph
Published: March 2018

We introduce and demonstrate the utility of coded aperture (CA) nuclear scintigraphy for imaging small animals. CA imaging uses multiple pinholes in a carefully designed mask pattern, mounted on a conventional gamma camera. System performance was assessed using point sources and phantoms, while several animal experiments were performed to test the usefulness of the imaging system in vivo, with commonly used radiopharmaceuticals. The sensitivity of the CA system for 99mTc was 4.2 × 103 cps/Bq (9400 cpm/μCi), compared to 4.4 × 104 cps/Bq (990 cpm/μCi) for a conventional collimator system. The system resolution was 1.7 mm, as compared to 4–6 mm for the conventional imaging system (using a high-sensitivity low-energy collimator). Animal imaging demonstrated artifact-free imaging with superior resolution and image quality compared to conventional collimator images in several mouse and rat models. We conclude that: (a) CA imaging is a useful nuclear imaging technique for small animal imaging. The advantage in signal-to-noise can be traded to achieve higher resolution, decreased dose or reduced imaging time. (b) CA imaging works best for images where activity is concentrated in small volumes; a low count outline may be better demonstrated using conventional collimator imaging. Thus, CA imaging should be viewed as a technique to complement rather than replace traditional nuclear imaging methods. (c) CA hardware and software can be readily adapted to existing gamma cameras, making their implementation a relatively inexpensive retrofit to most systems.
4-D Micro-CT of the Mouse Heart
Authors: Badea Cristian T. , Fubara Boma , Hedlund Laurence W. , Johnson G. Allan
Published: March 2018

Purpose: Demonstrate noninvasive imaging methods for in vivo characterization of cardiac structure and function in mice using a micro-CT system that provides high photon fluence rate and integrated motion control. Materials and Methods: Simultaneous cardiac- and respiratory-gated micro-CT was performed in C57BL/6 mice during constant intravenous infusion of a conventional iodinated contrast agent (Isovue-370), and after a single intravenous injection of a blood pool contrast agent (Fenestra VC). Multiple phases of the cardiac cycle were reconstructed with contrast to noise and spatial resolution sufficient for quantitative assessment of cardiac function. Results: Contrast enhancement with Isovue-370 increased over time with a maximum of ~500 HU (aorta) and 900 HU (kidney cortex). Fenestra VC provided more constant enhancement over 3 hr, with maximum enhancement of ~620 HU (aorta) and ~90 HU (kidney cortex). The maximum enhancement difference between blood and myocardium in the heart was ~250 HU for Isovue-370 and ~500 HU for Fenestra VC. In mice with Fenestra VC, volumetric measurements of the left ventricle were performed and cardiac function was estimated by ejection fraction, stroke volume, and cardiac output. Conclusion: Image quality with Fenestra VC was sufficient for morphological and functional studies required for a standardized method of cardiac phenotyping of the mouse.
Imaging Dose-dependent Pharmacokinetics of an RGD-Fluorescent Dye Conjugate Targeted to αvβ3 Receptor Expressed in Kaposi's Sarcoma
Authors: Kwon Sunkuk , Ke Shi , Houston Jessica P. , Wang Wei , Wu Qingping , Li Chun , Sevick-Muraca Eva M.
Published: March 2018

Dynamic fluorescence images were obtained from xenografts bearing a subcutaneous human Kaposi's sarcoma (KS1767) immediately following the intravenous injection of an integrin-receptor targeting Cy5.5-c(KRGDf) at a dose ranging from 0.75 to 6 nmol/mouse. The fluorescence images were acquired using an intensified charge-coupled device system and were analyzed with a three-compartment pharmacokinetic (PK) model to determine uptake parameters in the tumor and normal tissue regions of interest as a function of administered dose. Our results show that the uptake of Cy5.5-c(KRGDf) in tumor regions were: (i) significantly greater than the contralateral normal tissue regions; (ii) linearly increased with dose of Cy5.5-c(KRGDf) up to 1.5 nmol/mouse; and (iii) blocked by preinjection of c(KRGDf). Above doses of 1.5 nmol/mouse, the uptake no longer increased with dose, suggesting integrin receptor saturation. In normal tissues, the PK uptake parameters were not influenced by Cy5.5-c(KRGDf) dose nor by the preadministration of c(KRGDf).
A cilia-mediated environmental input induces solitary behaviour in Caenorhabditis elegans and Pristionchus pacificus nematodes
Authors: Moreno Eduardo , Sommer Ralf J.
Published: March 2018

Nematodes respond to a multitude of environmental cues. For example, the social behaviours clumping and bordering were described as a mechanism of hyperoxia avoidance inCaenorhabditis elegansandPristionchus pacificus. A recent study inP. pacificusrevealed a novel regulatory pathway that inhibits social behaviour in a response to an as yet unknown environmental cue. This environmental signal is recognised by ciliated neurons, as mutants defective in intraflagellar transport (IFT) proteins display social behaviours. The IFT machinery represents a large protein complex and many mutants in genes encoding IFT proteins are available inC. elegans. However, social phenotypes inC. elegansIFT mutants have never been reported. Here, we examined 15 previously isolatedC. elegansIFT mutants and found that most of them showed strong social behaviour. These findings indicate conservation in the inhibitory mechanism of social behaviour betweenP. pacificusandC. elegans.
Anaphothrips sineconus and Hyalopterothrips brunneus, two new species of Anaphothrips genus-group (Thysanoptera) from Iran
Authors: ALAVI JALIL , YAZDANIAN MOHSEN , MINAEI KAMBIZ
Published: March 2018

Anaphothrips sineconus sp. n. is described as unique within the genus for the absence from antennal segment III of a sense cone and reduction in some other character states. Hyalopterothrips brunneus sp. n. is similar to H. crocatus and H. hieroglyphicus in having forked sense cones on antennal segments III–IV. Both new species are collected on the plant family Amaranthaceae in the East of Iran.
Meadow katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Conocephalini) from the Central-West Region of Brazil: Morphological, bioacoustic and cytogenetic study
Authors: CHAMORRO-RENGIFO JULIANA , SILVA BRUNO CANSANÇÃO , OLIVIER RENAN DA SILVA , BRAUN HOLGER , ARAUJO DOUGLAS
Published: March 2018

Three species of Conocephalus and two of Euxiphidion from several localities of the Central-West Region of Brazil were studied. Conocephalus goianus Piza, 1977, C. saltator (Saussure, 1859) and C. versicolor (Redtenbacher, 1891) are recorded for the first time from Mato Grosso do Sul, one new species Euxiphidion veroni sp. nov. is described, and a new combination, Euxiphidion caizanum comb. nov. is proposed. The calling songs of C. saltator, C. versicolor, and E. veroni sp. nov. are described. All these three species call very continuously, also in the daytime. The three species of Conocepha-lus have mitotic metaphases with 2n♂ = 33 = 32 + X and 2n♀ = 34 = 32 + XX. Euxiphidion caizanum comb. nov. and    E. veroni sp. nov. have 2n♂ = 31 = 30 + X and 2n♀ = 32 = 30 + XX. Most of the autosomes of C. saltator and C. versicolor are meta/submetacentric, differing from C. goianus that has seven biarmed and nine monoarmed autosomes. Both Euxiphidion species present mostly telo/subtelocentric autosomes. The X chromosome is metacentric, and the largest element of the karyotype in the five species. No interstitial telomeric site (ITS) was observed in mitotic metaphases submitted to telomeric fluorescent in situ hybridization. Ecological aspects of the studied species are discussed.
Cyrtodesmus baerti, n. sp., a cryptic millipede from the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Cyrtodesmidae)
Authors: SHEAR WILLIAM A. , PECK STEWART B.
Published: March 2018

Cyrtodesmus baerti, n. sp., previously reported from the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador, as Cyrtodesmus sp., is described, together with notes on the systematics, natural history and morphology of cyrotdesmid millipedes.
Seventh AMS Symposium on Education
Authors: Phoebus P. A. , Smith D. R. , McPherson R. A. , Hayes M. J. , Moran J. M. , Croft P. J. , Snow J. T. , Takle E. S. , Fauquet R. L. , Bastiaans L. M. , Zeitler J. W.
Published: March 2018

The American Meteorological Society (AMS) held its Seventh Symposium on Education in conjunction with the 78th AMS Annual Meeting. The theme of the symposium was “Atmospheric and Oceanographic Education: Advancing Our Awareness.” Thirty-six oral presentations and 47 poster presentations summarized a variety of educational programs or examined educational issues relevant for both the precollege and university levels.

There were also joint sessions held with the Second Conference on Coastal Atmospheric and Oceanic Prediction and Processes and the Ninth Conference on Interaction of the Sea and Atmosphere, as well as the 10th Symposium on Meteorological Observations and Instruments. Over 200 people representing a wide spectrum of the Society attended one or more of the sessions during this two-day event.
Assessing “The Excitement of Meteorology!” for Young Scholars
Authors: Croft Paul J.
Published: March 2018

The National Science Foundation Young Scholar Program “The Excitement of Meteorology!” successfully brought the atmospheric and related sciences to high school students in Mississippi. The four-week summer program was administered through the Jackson State University Meteorology Program in the Department of Physics, Atmospheric Sciences, and General Science and was supported by the Mississippi Science Partnership program office. This commuter program provided an opportunity to learn, study, and research the field of meteorology. Through instructional sessions, laboratories, field trips, and peer contact participants were exposed to the concepts of atmospheric motion, the development of storms, and the practical application of meteorology during a one-month period. The program was intended to help students make their own career decisions and to foster their interest in the sciences and meteorology. The goals and objectives of the program were to develop basic science skills; make participants aware of the interdisciplinary nature of meteorology; provide participants with the opportunity to see and hear the meteorologist as a researcher, teacher, and communicator; provide the information and incentive necessary for participants to choose a career in meteorology or the sciences; make participants aware of the various employment opportunities in the field; and show the moral and ethical responsibilities and importance of atmospheric science to society. Thirty sophomore and junior high school student participants (22 females and 8 males, nearly all of whom were African–American) completed the program. All were tested on their meteorological knowledge and skills gained during the program and questioned about their field and lecture experiences. They also “graded” the effectiveness of all speakers, presentations, videotapes, and laboratory sessions. Through surveys it was found that the participants' desire to pursue a science career and to go to college were increased by the program. They also indicated that the program objectives had been met and that the program had met their expectations. They were particularly pleased with the opportunity to work in a college setting and with professional scientists.
Summary of the Fourth International Winds Workshop
Authors: Schmetz Johannes , Hinsman Donald , Menzel W. Paul
Published: March 2018

The Fourth International Winds Workshop (IWW4) was held in Saanenmoeser, Switzerland, from 20 to 23 October 1998. The workshop was organized by the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites, and the World Meteorological Organization was the local host. IWW4 followed previous meetings convened in Washington, D.C., in September 1991; Tokyo, Japan, in December 1993; and Ascona, Switzerland, in June 1996. The International Winds Workshop convenes the International Winds Working Group, which communicates with the Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites on issues of importance regarding wind derivation from satellites. It provides a forum for data producers and users to share information on the characteristics of satellite-tracked winds and to optimize their use in several applications, especially numerical weather prediction. This report describes the proceedings of the Fourth International Winds Workshop and includes recommendations.
Tenth Joint Conference on Applications of Air Pollution Meteorology
Authors: Paine Robert J.
Published: March 2018

The tenth in a continuing series of joint conferences between the American Meteorological Society and the Air and Waste Management Association on meteorological aspects of air pollution was held 11–16 January 1998 in Phoenix, Arizona. Diverse topics in air dispersion modeling, boundary layer meteorology, cloud physics, atmospheric chemistry, fluid mechanics, and engineering were presented at the conference. A summary of the presentations made at the conference is provided.
The Structure and Evolution of Extratropical Cyclones, Fronts, Jet Streams, and the Tropopause in the GEOS General Circulation Model
Authors: Conaty A. L. , Jusem J. C. , Takacs L. , Keyser D. , Atlas R.
Published: March 2018

The realism of extratropical cyclones, fronts, jet streams, and the tropopause in the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) general circulation model (GCM), implemented in assimilation and simulation modes, is evaluated from climatological and case-study perspectives using the GEOS-1 reanalysis climatology and applicable conceptual models as benchmarks for comparison. The latitude-longitude grid spacing of the datasets derived from the GEOS GCM ranges from 2° × 2.5° to 0.5° × 0.5°. Frontal systems in the higher-resolution datasets are characterized by horizontal potential temperature gradients that are narrower in scale and larger in magnitude than their lower-resolution counterparts, and various structural features in the Shapiro–Keyser cyclone model are replicated with reasonable fidelity at 1° × 1° resolution. The remainder of the evaluation focuses on a 3-month Northern Hemisphere winter simulation of the GEOS GCM at 1° × 1° resolution. The simulation realistically reproduces various large-scale circulation features related to the North Pacific and Atlantic jet streams when compared with the GEOS-1 reanalysis climatology, and conforms closely to a conceptualization of the zonally averaged troposphere and stratosphere proposed originally by Napier Shaw and revised by Hoskins. An extratropical cyclone that developed over the North Atlantic Ocean in the simulation features surface and tropopause evolutions corresponding to the Norwegian cyclone model and to the LC2 life cycle proposed by Thorncroft et al., respectively. These evolutions are related to the position of the developing cyclone with respect to upper-level jets identified in the time-mean and instantaneous flow fields. This article concludes with the enumeration of several research opportunities that may be addressed through the use of state-of-the-art GCMs possessing sufficient resolution to represent mesoscale phenomena and processes explicitly.
The ITCZ and the Seasonal Cycle over Equatorial Africa
Authors: Nicholson Sharon E.
Published: March 2018

The common explanation for the progression of the rainy season over Africa is the seasonal excursion of the ITCZ. The ITCZ paradigm stems from a time when tropical rainfall was assumed to be associated mainly with localized convection. Its development was also linked to the emergence of midlatitude frontal concepts. The paradigm has numerous shortcomings, including the diversity of definitions and the large number of parameters used to identify the ITCZ. A historical look at the concept shows that its use over Africa has long been controversial, with many eminent tropical meteorologists harshly criticizing its applicability over this continent. However, the seasonal excursion of the ITCZ remains the classical explanation for African rainy seasons, especially in the equatorial region. This article underscores the shortcomings of the paradigm in equatorial Africa by examining various aspects of the circulation associated with the spatial and temporal patterns of rainfall during the equatorial rainy seasons. The overall conclusion is that a deeper understanding of the seasonal cycle in the equatorial regions of Africa still needs to be developed.
Effects of Resolution, Range, and Image Contrast on Target Acquisition Performance
Authors: Hollands Justin G. , Terhaar Phil , Pavlovic Nada J.
Published: March 2018

Objective:

We sought to determine the joint influence of resolution, target range, and image contrast on the detection and identification of targets in simulated naturalistic scenes.

Background:

Resolution requirements for target acquisition have been developed based on threshold values obtained using imaging systems, when target range was fixed, and image characteristics were determined by the system. Subsequent work has examined the influence of factors like target range and image contrast on target acquisition.

Method:

We varied the resolution and contrast of static images in two experiments. Participants (soldiers) decided whether a human target was located in the scene (detection task) or whether a target was friendly or hostile (identification task). Target range was also varied (50–400 m). In Experiment 1, 30 participants saw color images with a single target exemplar. In Experiment 2, another 30 participants saw monochrome images containing different target exemplars.

Results:

The effects of target range and image contrast were qualitatively different above and below 6 pixels per meter of target for both tasks in both experiments.

Conclusion:

Target detection and identification performance were a joint function of image resolution, range, and contrast for both color and monochrome images.

Application:

The beneficial effects of increasing resolution for target acquisition performance are greater for closer (larger) targets.
Co-creation within hybrid networks: what can be learnt from the difficulties encountered? The example of the fight against blood- and sexually-transmitted infections
Authors: Touati Nassera , Maillet Lara
Published: March 2018

This article analyses co-creation processes within hybrid networks. Specifically, it looks at a particular co-creation mechanism, in this case, a strategic community set up to test new ways of dealing with blood- and sexually-transmitted infections in Quebec. A strategic community is a temporary structure of inter-organizational collaboration, made up of professionals, first-level managers, general practitioners, representatives of community organizations, etc. tasked with generating, implementing and evaluating new ideas about the organization of services. The results of this study highlight the difficulties encountered as well as the issues related to these co-creation processes.

Notes for practitioners

The implementation of co-creation processes, involving public, private and community actors, has to contend with numerous challenges: (1) the enrolment of the stakeholders concerned by the complex issues; (2) the creation of places for discussion and experimentation involving actors who play an important role in the implementation of change; (3) the mobilization of tools and facilitators to develop a common vision; (4) the action stage to validate new ways of doing things.
Exploring the link between integrated leadership-in-government and follower happiness: the case of Dubai
Authors: Mathias Megan , Fargher Scott , Beynon Malcolm
Published: March 2018

This study develops a concept of integrated leadership-in-government as a global and multifaceted construct for the first time in the Dubai and wider Gulf context. Leadership-in-government combines eight public leadership roles articulated in recent literature, as performed by managers at all levels within the government hierarchy. The eight public leadership roles are: accountability, rule-following, political loyalty, network governance, task-oriented, relations-oriented, change-oriented and diversity-oriented leadership. Data is gathered via a survey of over 900 employees in Dubai government organisations. Findings from the empirical analysis suggest that a manager’s performance of integrated leadership-in-government has a significant effect on employee happiness, as measured through job satisfaction and self-perceived performance.
Race, Sport, and Sociocognitive “Place” in Higher Education: Black Male Student-Athletes as Critical Theorists
Authors: Armstrong Ketra L. , Jennings Michael A.
Published: March 2018

The purpose of this research was to further examine the juxtaposition of race, sport, and higher education. It utilized an existential-phenomenological approach to obtain data from a purposeful case selection of three Black male student-athletes enrolled in a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division 1 collegiate football program. Through the lenses of social-cognitive theory and critical race theory, the results elucidated (a) the impact of race as a psychological, cultural, and social anchor of “place” for Black male student-athletes on a predominantly White college/university campus, and (b) race intersectionality with age, gender, social class, and environment to influence their educational experience. The contributions of Black male student-athletes as critical theorists are highlighted, and a model depicting the relationships between race, sport, and the sociocognitive “place” of Black males in higher education as articulated by the participants is presented.
Distributed internal strain measurement of the fluid-solid state coefficients of thermal expansion below the glass transition temperature during a composite manufacturing process
Authors: Poggetti Ilaria , Dyson Jack , Sánchez Daniel Martínez , Albertini Gianni , Soutis Constantinos , Gresil Matthieu , Corinaldesi Valeria
Published: March 2018

The total distributed strain produced during a vacuum-assisted resin infusion moulding composite manufacture process is measured in real time by using optical fibre sensors embedded in three different layers of a thin 5-harness satin weave flat plate cured with low-viscosity epoxy resin/cycloaliphatic polyamine epoxy resin polymer matrix. We present and discuss the chemical reaction of the epoxy resin polymer matrix adhesive to show that under manufacturing conditions, well below the glass transition point, substrates gradually come into contact with and become covered with epoxy resin polymer matrix strongly bonded to their surfaces. The fluid dynamics of the reaction system under such conditions reduces to a Cauchy equilibrium found in stressed solids, which leads to a strength of materials argument to show that the embedded, distributed optical fibres can accurately measure the motion of the surrounding epoxy resin polymer matrix before the gel point. The same argument is applied to the embedded 5-harness satin carbon fibre weave and leads immediately to an extension of the composite laminate theory for the thermodynamic liquid phase before the glass transition temperature. The predictions of the modified composite laminate theory framework are found to be consistent with experiment.
How a Bureaucrat Would Think About Treating Psychosis as a Metaphor
Authors: Nikkel Robert E.
Published: March 2018

This article outlines steps and challenges in making metaphorical approaches to psychosis much more common than they are currently today, especially in the public mental health sector. Whether metaphorical approaches to psychosis will ever be other than isolated fringe programs dependent on scarce and sporadic funding is probably unlikely.
The conditional spatial correlations between racial prejudice and racial disparities in the market for home loans
Authors: Kopkin Nolan
Published: March 2018

Many studies have shown the existence of disparities in loan denial rates between blacks and whites that cannot be accounted for by observable applicant characteristics. Examining the link between racial gaps in home loan denial rates and prejudicial attitudes toward blacks measured by questions in the General Social Survey, this article shows not only that blacks are more likely to be denied conventional home mortgages but that denial rates among blacks for these loans are also geographically correlated with racial prejudice, particularly among first-lien home purchase loans and loans from depository lenders. However, among Federal Housing Administration-insured loans guaranteed by the government in the event of borrower default, this study finds no evidence of a statistical relationship between racial prejudice and loan denials among black applicants. Results are consistent with taste-based discrimination by discriminatory lenders; however, one cannot rule out that statistical discrimination is at least partially driving the results.
A case of giant lupus vulgaris
Authors: Adil Mohammad , Amin Syed Suhail , Saeed Noora , Mohtashim Mohd , Priya Annu , Alam Mahtab
Published: March 2018

Lupus vulgaris, the commonest form of tuberculosis of the skin, presents with a plaque that enlarges slowly with advancing edges while showing atrophy at other areas. It may be acquired by the blood stream, via lymph, by contiguous spread or from external inoculation. We describe a case of lupus vulgaris with a large erythematous-scaly plaque of 44 × 26 cm over the back and a similar 7 × 5 cm plaque over the right thigh. The plaque over the back was gradually progressive for the previous ten years and showed scarring and atrophy at places. Histopathology of the area showed caseating granulomas with Langhans giant cells, epitheloid cells and lymphocytes. A diagnosis of lupus vulgaris was made. This case is being presented owing to the large size of the lesion.
Disidentified national subjects and failed Europeans in Nuno Cardoso’s Portuguese Shakespeares
Authors: Rayner Francesca
Published: March 2018

In the context of a proposed multi-speed neo-Europe where the wealthier nations are allowed to accumulate more wealth and the less wealthy nations such as Portugal are left to fend for themselves, this article looks at the staging of national stereotypes in Portuguese director Nuno Cardoso’s Shakespeare trilogy ( Richard II in 2007, Measure for Measure in 2012 and Coriolanus in 2014). Each of these performances examined the relationship between those who govern and those who are governed, using strategies of disidentification with stereotypes of the nation and national identity.
Neoliberal populism and governmentality in Turkey
Authors: Boyraz Cemil
Published: March 2018

This article is based on the question “How does the current governing party in Turkey, namely Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, AKP), reproduce its social power?” In order to answer this question, it is suggested that a combination of the different techniques of governmentality of the ruling party should be analyzed, with particular reference to the policies and institutions reconfiguring the role of the state and the notion of public deliberation in the midst of the rising discontents of neoliberalism in Turkey. As an instance of such a technique of neoliberal governmentality in populist content, the formation of the communication centers by the AKP in Turkey will be investigated. For this purpose, firstly, the rise of the populism will be related to the increasing need for channels of political participation and a solution to public demands in the midst of rising authoritarian tendencies, in order to solve the political legitimacy crisis as well as creating new forms of representation for the politically excluded masses. Then, secondly, the main cornerstones of the AKP populism will be analyzed and the formation and the future of the communication centers as a particular case will be discussed in details. Lastly, it will be argued that those centers do not only reflect the populist concerns of the governing party but also serve as a crucial source of electoral success, as well as managing tensions stemming from the neoliberal configuration of the public sphere and state–citizen relations.
Quantitative blood flow measurement in rat brain with multiphase arterial spin labelling magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Larkin James R , Simard Manon A , Khrapitchev Alexandre A , Meakin James A , Okell Thomas W , Craig Martin , Ray Kevin J , Jezzard Peter , Chappell Michael A , Sibson Nicola R
Published: March 2018

Cerebral blood flow is an important parameter in many diseases and functional studies that can be accurately measured in humans using arterial spin labelling (ASL) MRI. However, although rat models are frequently used for preclinical studies of both human disease and brain function, rat CBF measurements show poor consistency between studies. This lack of reproducibility is due, partly, to the smaller size and differing head geometry of rats compared to humans, as well as the differing analysis methodologies employed and higher field strengths used for preclinical MRI. To address these issues, we have implemented, optimised and validated a multiphase pseudo-continuous ASL technique, which overcomes many of the limitations of rat CBF measurement. Three rat strains (Wistar, Sprague Dawley and Berlin Druckrey IX) were used, and CBF values validated against gold-standard autoradiography measurements. Label positioning was found to be optimal at 45°, while post-label delay was optimised to 0.55 s. Whole brain CBF measures were 109 ± 22, 111 ± 18 and 100 ± 15 mL/100 g/min by multiphase pCASL, and 108 ± 12, 116 ± 14 and 122 ± 16 mL/100 g/min by autoradiography in Wistar, SD and BDIX cohorts, respectively. Tumour model analysis shows that the developed methods also apply in disease states. Thus, optimised multiphase pCASL provides robust, reproducible and non-invasive measurement of CBF in rats.
Public Administration as a Dynamic Balance and Integrative Science Across Politics, Management, and Law: Rosenbloom’s Framework and Chinese Experiences
Authors: Yang Lihua
Published: March 2018

An identity crisis has plagued public administration for over a century. The core of the crisis is how to address the relationship between public administration and the three major related disciplines—political science, management, and law; especially the first two—and whether public administration is an independent scientific subject. By studying the discipline identity problem of public administration using the three-perspective framework of politics, management, and law developed by Rosenbloom, this article argues that the developmental history of Chinese public administration is also a history of the relationship between public administration and the three major related disciplines. Furthermore, after comparing United States and Chinese public administration, the article suggests that we can define public administration as a dynamic balance and integrative science across the three major related disciplines by placing greater emphasis on administration, public management, and the laws and rules of administration and public management. This new definition suggests that seeking dynamic balance and synthesis is the nature of public administration, differentiates public administration from other disciplines, and stresses its status as an independent discipline. Thus, we do not need to be frightened of this feature of public administration or reframe it but must instead admit that this unique feature represents a specific advantage of public administration. Furthermore, this view provides a new way to dismiss the nightmare-like identity crisis faced by public administration.
When Should We Repair Partial-Thickness Rotator Cuff Tears? Outcome Comparison Between Immediate Surgical Repair Versus Delayed Repair After 6-Month Period of Nonsurgical Treatment
Authors: Kim Yang-Soo , Lee Hyo-Jin , Kim Jong-Ho , Noh Dong-Young
Published: March 2018

Background:

Patients with partial-thickness rotator cuff tears (PTRCTs) can be treated nonoperatively and/or undergo operative treatment, but the ideal time for surgical intervention is unclear.

Purpose:

To compare the results of immediate arthroscopic rotator cuff repair with repair after 6 months of nonoperative care of PTRCTs involving more than 50% of the tendon thickness.

Study Design:

Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

The authors prospectively randomized and analyzed 78 consecutive patients diagnosed with either isolated bursal-side or articular-side PTRCTs (supraspinatus only). Group 1 (n = 44) received immediate rotator cuff repair. Group 2 (n = 34) received delayed rotator cuff repair after 6 months of nonoperative treatment. The American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) Score, Constant score, visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, and range of motion at initial visit; months 3, 6, and 12 postoperatively; and the last visit after 24 months were used for the evaluation. Cuff integrity was assessed with magnetic resonance imaging at 12 months postoperatively.

Results:

There were no significant differences in age, sex (18/26 vs 13/21, male/female), symptom duration, composition of PTRCTs, or clinical outcomes between groups 1 and 2 ( P > .05). In group 2, 10 patients voluntarily dropped out from the study due to improvement of symptoms during the 6 months of preoperative nonoperative treatment. The mean follow-up period in groups 1 and 2 was 31.9 ± 1.5 months and 37.0 ± 2.2 months, respectively. At the end of the study, both groups showed significant improvements in terms of functional scores and pain VAS scores compared with the initial period. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups, except for lower pain VAS score and higher ASES Score in group 2 at 6 months postoperatively. At 12 months postoperatively, 1 patient from group 1 and 2 patients from group 2 experienced a retear.

Conclusion:

Both immediate surgical repair and delayed repair after nonsurgical care for PTRCTs were effective in improving clinical outcomes, and there was a very low incidence of retears in both groups. However, at 6 months postoperatively, superior functional outcomes were observed in the delayed repair group compared with the immediate repair group. A trial period of preoperative nonsurgical care is reasonable, and immediate surgical repair is not crucial for the treatment of PTRCT.
An Action Research to Optimize the Well-Being of Older People in Nursing Homes: Challenges and Strategies for Implementing a Complex Intervention
Authors: Bourbonnais Anne , Ducharme Francine , Landreville Philippe , Michaud Cécile , Gauthier Marie-Andrée , Lavallée Marie-Hélène
Published: March 2018

Few studies have been conducted on strategies to promote the implementation of complex interventions in nursing homes (NHs). This article presents a pilot study intended to assess the strategies that would enable the optimal implementation of a complex intervention approach in NHs based on the meanings of screams of older people living with Alzheimer’s disease. An action research approach was used with 19 formal and family caregivers from five NHs. Focus groups and individual interviews were held to assess different implementation strategies. A number of challenges were identified, as were strategies to overcome them. These latter included interactive training, intervention design, and external support. This study shows the feasibility of implementing a complex intervention to optimize older people’s well-being. The article shares strategies that may promote the implementation of these types of interventions in NHs.
Electric vehicle recycling 2020: Key component power electronics
Authors: Bulach Winfried , Schüler Doris , Sellin Guido , Elwert Tobias , Schmid Dieter , Goldmann Daniel , Buchert Matthias , Kammer Ulrich
Published: March 2018

Electromobility will play a key role in order to reach the specified ambitious greenhouse gas reduction targets in the German transport sector of 42% between 1990 and 2030. Subsequently, a significant rise in the sale of electric vehicles (EVs) is to be anticipated in future. The amount of EVs to be recycled will rise correspondingly after a delay. This includes the recyclable power electronics modules which are incorporated in every EV as an important component for energy management. Current recycling methods using car shredders and subsequent post shredder technologies show high recycling rates for the bulk metals but are still associated with high losses of precious and strategic metals such as gold, silver, platinum, palladium and tantalum. For this reason, the project ‘Electric vehicle recycling 2020 – key component power electronics’ developed an optimised recycling route for recycling power electronics modules from EVs which is also practicable in series production and can be implemented using standardised technology. This ‘WEEE recycling route’ involves the disassembly of the power electronics from the vehicle and a subsequent recycling in an electronic end-of-life equipment recycling plant. The developed recycling process is economical under the current conditions and raw material prices, even though it involves considerably higher costs than recycling using the car shredder. The life cycle assessment shows basically good results, both for the traditional car shredder route and the developed WEEE recycling route: the latter provides additional benefits from some higher recovery rates and corresponding credits.
Sexual Assault Disclosure: The Effect of Victim Race and Perpetrator Type on Empathy, Culpability, and Service Referral for Survivors in a Hypothetical Scenario
Authors: Franklin Cortney A. , Garza Alondra D.
Published: March 2018

The aftermath of sexual assault warrants further attention surrounding the responses provided by those to whom survivors disclose, especially when perpetrator type or victim race may affect whether the bystander response is supportive or attributes culpability to the victim. Disclosure responses have significant consequences for survivors’ posttrauma mental health and formal help-seeking behavior. The current study used a sample of 348 self-report, paper-and-pencil surveys administered during the fall 2015 semester to a purposive sample of undergraduate students with a mean age of 20.94 years old at a midsized, Southern public university. Survey design included a randomly assigned 2 × 2 hypothetical sexual assault disclosure vignette. The objective of the study was to assess the effect of perpetrator type (stranger vs. acquaintance) and victim race (White vs. Black) on empathic concern, culpability attributions, and resource referral. Between-subjects factorial ANOVA and multivariate ordinary least squares (OLS) regression models were estimated to identify the role of vignette manipulations, participant-sexual victimization history, and rape myth acceptance on empathy, culpability, and resource referral for the sexual assault survivor portrayed in the vignette. Multivariate analyses included main effects and moderation models. Findings revealed increased culpability and decreased resource referral for victims of acquaintance rape as compared with stranger rape, independent of victim race. Although no direct victim race effects emerged in the multivariate analyses, race moderated the effect of culpability on resource referral indicating culpability attributions decreased resource referral, but only when the victim was Black . Implications from the results presented here include a continued focus on bystander intervention strategies, empathy-building techniques, and educational programming targeting potential sexual assault disclosees and race stereotypes that disadvantage victims of color.
The Landscape of Special Education Licensure, 2016
Authors: Sindelar Paul T. , Fisher Tiffany L. , Myers Jonté A.
Published: March 2018

With vetted data from state department of education websites, the authors undertook to update previous studies of special education licensure. They organized state licensure structures by the presence or absence of (a) grade bands and (b) differentiations (by category or severity). They assessed the impact of structure on student outcomes and special education teacher (SET) shortage, and sought commonalities in structures of effective states. They found that almost all states differentiate licensure for preschool teachers and teachers of students with visual or hearing impairments. Most states also offer a generic license. Currently, fewer states use other disability categories than was true in the past, and more states now use grade and severity distinctions. Structure was unrelated to student outcomes and SET shortage, and the authors found only two commonalities among effective states. As a unit of analysis, state may be too coarse, and the authors argue for within-state time series analysis as an alternative.
A Triad of Confrontation: State Discipline, Buddhist Purification, and Indiscipline as a Local Strategy in Central Vietnam
Authors: Roszko Edyta
Published: March 2018

In the village of Sa Huỳnh, state, fishers, and Buddhist clergy draw from semiotic ideologies but often employ a common political language, rarely agreeing on its meaning. Highlighting different structural positions and goals of social actors, I argue that binary oppositions exist but are not mutually exclusive, ever-lasting or antagonistic, as they shift in unexpected ways across the triadic relationship between state officials, fishers, and Buddhist clergy. By exposing the extent of improvisation and legitimation tactics, I show that religious practices are co-produced locally by the state through its diverse agents and agencies, by religious reformers through their purifying discipline, and by various categories of villagers who use indiscipline as a local tactic when acting on behalf of their gods.