bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between COPD and CKD: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Zexin , Ma Zhimin , Ding Chaowei
Published: December 2024

Objective

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are significant global health issues with a well-established association between the two. This study aims to assess the risk of developing CKD in patients with COPD through systematic review and meta-analysis, and to explore the impact of CKD on the prognosis of COPD patients.

Methods

A total of 23 studies were included in the analysis, comprising 11 studies on the risk of CKD in patients with COPD, 6 studies on the impact of CKD on the short-term all-cause mortality risk of patients with acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD), and 6 studies on the impact of CKD on the long-term all-cause mortality risk of COPD patients. The meta-analysis showed that the risk of developing CKD in COPD patients was significantly increased (OR 1.54, 95% CI: 1.28–1.84), and CKD significantly increased the short-term all-cause mortality risk in AECOPD patients (OR 1.53, 95% CI: 1.44–1.63) as well as the long-term all-cause mortality risk in COPD patients (OR 1.70, 95% CI: 1.35–2.15).

Results

We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, including studies from the inception of the databases through December 31, 2023, to identify research assessing the relationship between COPD and CKD. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Data were analyzed using either a random effects model or a fixed effects model for the meta-analysis.

Conclusion

This study establishes a significant association between COPD and CKD and reveals the adverse impact of CKD on the prognosis of COPD patients, which may provide important guidance for clinical practice.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/.
Transportable optical cavity systems for terrestrial and space-borne portable optical atomic clocks
Authors: Pal Rishabh , Yadav Vikrant , Sharma Arijit
Published: December 2024

High finesse optical cavities have been the backbone of realizing narrow linewidth lasers to drive coherent excitations on dipole-forbidden transitions in atoms and ions for applications in atomic frequency standards. Over the past decade, increasing efforts have been made to develop technologies that enable the operation of all-optical atomic clocks in a portable form factor outside laboratory environments relying on transportable high-finesse optical cavities for field applications in positioning, navigation, timing (PNT) and communication. However, the compactness of such systems makes them more susceptible to environmental noises that limit their performance and stability. This review aims to address the underlying physics behind high-finesse optical cavities, cavity-based laser frequency stabilization schemes and various sources of noise arising from thermal, vibrational, acoustic, power and polarization fluctuations that impede the stability of portable optical cavities, as well as outline the strategies for minimizing their influences. We also discuss about the minimization of the residual amplitude modulation (RAM) noise that degrades the laser linewidth. In addition, our study encompasses a comparative analysis of various transportable, high-finesse optical cavity systems that are currently accessible for terrestrial and space-based metrology applications, as well as an exploration of the potential applications that these cavities can facilitate. We also review recent advancements in designing such systems and highlight their efforts for constructing ultra-stable, compact, high-finesse cavities for terrestrial and space-borne transportable all-optical atomic clocks.
Improving virtual reality exposure therapy with open access and overexposure: a single 30-minute session of overexposure therapy reduces public speaking anxiety
Authors: Macdonald Chris
Published: December 2024

Public speaking anxiety is a prevalent issue with significant negative impacts. While virtual reality exposure therapy is an effective treatment, it currently has significant limitations. This study outlines the design process of a new VR platform that seeks to make virtual reality exposure therapy more effective and more accessible. To increase accessibility, the platform is open access and accessible via multiple devices and operating systems. To increase efficacy, the concept of overexposure therapy was developed: training in extreme scenarios that one is unlikely to encounter in real life. For example, on the platform, users can practice public speaking in a highly distracting stadium environment to a virtual reality audience of 10,000 photorealistic spectators. A single-session experiment with 29 adolescents evaluated the platform’s impact on public speaking anxiety, confidence, and enjoyment. Results showed significant improvements in all three measures. These findings suggest that this novel approach holds promise. The paper concludes by exploring limitations and areas for future research.
The CRISPR Revolution: Can We Change Genes for the Better?
Authors: Doudna Jennifer A.
Published: December 2024

Throughout human history, we have witnessed several major breakthroughs in science and technology that have transformed our society, such as the Industrial Revolution and the Internet Revolution. The next revolution is already underway, made possible by a technology I co-discovered that allows scientists to change the genes of many organisms and plants. This powerful technology, called CRISPR, could improve human health, help crops grow better, and fight climate change. CRISPR could even influence human evolution. In this article, I will explain how CRISPR works, my discovery of a specific CRISPR system called CRISPR-Cas9, and the current and future uses of this technology. Finally, I will discuss some of the ethical concerns around using CRISPR tools and the actions scientists and societies should take to ensure responsible and impactful application of CRISPR technology.
The effect of a combined compression-tactile stimulating sock on postural stability
Authors: Marchant Ashleigh , Wallwork Sarah B. , Witchalls Jeremy , Ball Nick , Waddington Gordon
Published: December 2024

Previous research has demonstrated that postural stability may be improved by increasing stimulation to the somatosensory system. Wearing lower limb compression garments or textured in-soles have been found to be effective short-term methods for improving postural stability, hypothesized to be due to enhanced tactile feedback. The aim of this study was to assess whether a combined compression-tactile sock increases postural stability in healthy adults, compared to barefoot. Participants completed a sensory organization test (SOT) to assess postural stability under two conditions: (a) barefoot, and (b) wearing a compression sock with a textured inner lining (small rubber nodules on the skin side of the sole). SOT composite scores and three sensory scores - somatosensory, vestibular, visual - were assessed between the two conditions to identify whether wearing the socks was associated with enhanced postural stability. Comparisons between the two conditions were analyzed via a paired t-test for the (i) entire group, and an ANOVA when the group was split into (ii) “high performers” and “low performers”, according to their baseline performance on the SOT. Fifty-four participants (28 females, 26 males, mean age 40 ± 14 years) completed the study. SOT scores were not different between the compression-tactile sock and barefoot conditions when analyzed as an entire group (p > 0.0125), or when the group was split into performance groups (p > 0.0125). These findings demonstrate that, for healthy adults, mixed compression and tactile stimulation socks do not appear to be associated with improved postural stability, when measured using the sensory organization test. Although prior research indicates that wearing a compression-tactile sock improves somatosensory acuity compared to being barefoot, these benefits do not seem to carry over to postural stability. It may be that in healthy adults, the additional sensory feedback becomes redundant, or the SOT is not challenging enough for this study population.
Evaluating the effect of VersaWrap tendon protector on functional outcomes in operative tendon repairs
Authors: Adu Yaw , Harder Justin , Cox Cameron , Baum Gracie , Hernandez Evan J. , MacKay Brendan J.
Published: December 2024

Background

Tendon repairs often result in adhesion formation which can cause persisting functional deficits. Close proximity of healing tissues increases friction during tendon excursion, often leading to tendon tethering postoperatively. Despite continued improvements in techniques for tendon repairs, there is currently no consensus on the most effective modality to reduce adhesion formation. The VersaWrap Tendon Protector is a bioresorbable hydrogel that is FDA-cleared for use in tendon repair by separating healing tendons from surrounding tissues and improving tendon gliding. We conducted a study to assess the efficacy of VersaWrap in improving clinical outcomes related to adhesions and tethering in tendon repairs involving the hand.

Materials & methods

Age, sex, injury type, mechanism of injury, visual analogue scale (VAS) pain scores, active and passive range of motion (ROM), percent return to normal function, and patient-reported outcomes forms (QuickDASH) were collected at baseline and routine follow up visits. Functional outcomes were classified according to Strickland and Glogovac grading system.

Results

90 patients were included, with an average age of 39.8 years and a 44% female gender. The most common mechanism of injury was sharp laceration, and the majority of repairs involved the extensor mechanism (58.8% extensor, 35.3% flexor, 5.8% both). At a mean follow-up of 4.6 months, the mean active and passive ROM was 88.8% and 94.3%, respectively. Mean percent return of function was 87.7%. Good or Excellent functional outcomes were achieved in 92.3% of patients – 70.5% Excellent, 21.8% Good, 6.4% Fair, 1.3% Poor. The average QuickDASH score was 30.7, and the average final VAS pain score was 1.3.

Conclusions

Tendon repairs and tenolysis procedures often result in reduced functionality due to impeded tendon gliding, and there is currently no consensus on optimal treatment to prevent tethering to surrounding tissues. The VersaWrap Tendon Protector creates a gelatinous layer between the tendon and surrounding soft tissue to improve gliding resistance, thereby limiting tendon sheath adhesions. Our data suggests that VersaWrap may be a useful adjunct in preventing tendon tethering adhesion post-repair.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) Driven Automated Learning Management System
Authors: Abbasi Muhammad Abbdullah , Zahid Abbdullah , Sultan Kashif , Hafeez Ahmar
Published: December 2024

Nowadays, many individual instructors, content creators, and even entire universities are gravitating towards the use of comprehensive learning management systems (LMSs). However, the utilization of existing LMSs is becoming tedious due to the diversification in education. The automated LMS will overcome the challenges faced by content creators and instructors using traditional LMSs. The automated learning management system (autoLMS) is a web-based, artificial intelligence-driven platform designed to enhance the efficiency of course creators by automatically generating educational resources. By taking an educational video as input, autoLMS outputs resources requested by the content creators, including summaries, key points, lecture notes, quizzes, assignments, papers, and project ideas. The main objective is to simplify content generation for course creators, who traditionally have to manually generate content such as key points, summaries, and quizzes after uploading educational videos on platforms like Udemy and Coursera. This study produces a fully functional prototype. Post-development, the system will undergo rigorous testing and analysis to validate its efficiency, usability, performance, and functionality.
Analysis of the Impact of Strength Differences Between Precast Concrete and Cast-in-Place Concrete on the Structural Performance of Prefabricated Shear Walls
Authors: Wang Jinghan , Wei Zhiyang , Du Zhaohua
Published: December 2024

In this study, three prefabricated integral shear wall specimens with strength differences were constructed based on a real engineering project to investigate the impact of these strength disparities on the structural performance of shear walls. The results indicate that all three prefabricated integral shear wall specimens with strength differences between precast (PC) and cast-in-place (CIP) concrete exhibited bending-shear failure. Moreover, the experimental axial-bearing capacity of the specimens was higher than the calculated axial-bearing capacity obtained using the reduced concrete strength according to the shear wall calculation formula in the code. The ultimate displacement angles of all three specimens exceeded the limit elastic–plastic displacement angle specified for shear wall structures under large seismic motions in the code, and the ductility factors were greater than 3. Furthermore, this paper presents a calculation formula for the axial-bearing capacity of the plane section of prefabricated integral shear walls with strength differences and compares it with experimental results. This paper presents a calculation formula for the axial-bearing capacity of the plane section of prefabricated integral shear walls with strength variations, compares the calculated results with experimental values, and shows that the relative error between the calculated and experimental values is nearly within 10%, which provides a design basis and reference for engineers in calculating the axial-bearing capacity of such shear walls with strength variations.
Liquid Crystal/Carbon Nanotube/Polyaniline Composites and Their Coating Orientation Patterning Applications
Authors: Chu Fuqiang , Zhang Haikuo , Zhou Xu , Fu Yuhang , Dong Hang , Wang Shuo , Chao Jilei , Wang Xin
Published: December 2024

In this work, a coating method was used to prepare a liquid crystal physical gel with a high orientation of liquid crystal molecules, excellent electrical conductivity, and mechanical stability. The liquid crystal matrix used was nematic phase liquid crystal (5CB), the gel factor was polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and the conductive filler was carbon nanotubes/polyaniline (CNT/PANI). Chemical in situ polymerization was used to create CNT/PANI composites, wherein polyaniline encapsulates the carbon nanotubes to enhance their dispersion. At 4 mm/s, 7.2 N of coating pressure, and 72 s of interval duration, the shear flow-induced orientation was achieved. The consistent and large-area orientation of the liquid crystal molecules was realized and the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules was parallel to the coating direction. Additionally, a type of stress sensor assembly based on multiple coating demonstrated a good sensor performance in the 90° bending test and high sensitivity in the 20% tensile test, with a sensor sensitivity of 23.25. Regarding the use of liquid crystal materials in flexible electronic devices, it is quite important.
Optimized Dynamic Deployment of UAVs in Maritime Networks with Route Prediction
Authors: Xu Yanli , Shi Yalan
Published: December 2024

The limited coverage of terrestrial base stations and the limited transmission distance and onboard resources of satellite communications make it difficult to ensure the quality of communication services for marine users by relying only on satellites and terrestrial base stations. In contrast, UAVs, as flexible mobile communication nodes, have the capacity for dynamic deployment and real-time adjustment. They can effectively make up for the communication blind spots of traditional satellites and ground base stations in the marine environment, especially in the vast and unpredictable marine environment. Considering the mobility of maritime users, one can effectively reduce the communication delay and optimize the deployment scheme of UAVs by predicting their sailing trajectories in advance, thus enhancing the communication service quality. Therefore, this paper proposes a communication coverage model based on mobile user route prediction and a UAV dynamic deployment algorithm (RUDD). It aims to optimize the coverage efficiency of the maritime communication network, minimize the communication delay, and effectively reduce the energy consumption of UAVs. In this algorithm, the RUDD algorithm employs a modified Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network to predict the maritime user’s trajectory, utilizing its strengths in processing time-series data to provide accurate predictions. The prediction results are then used to guide the Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) algorithm for the dynamic deployment of UAVs. The PPO algorithm can optimize the deployment strategy in dynamic environments, improve communication coverage, and reduce energy consumption. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can complement the existing satellite and terrestrial networks well in terms of coverage, with a communication coverage rate of more than 95%, which significantly improves the communication quality of marine users in areas far from land and beyond the reach of traditional networks, and enhances network reliability and user experience.
A 3D Path Planning Algorithm for UAVs Based on an Improved Artificial Potential Field and Bidirectional RRT*
Authors: Huang Yijun , Li Hao , Dai Yi , Lu Gehao , Duan Minglei
Published: December 2024

Efficient and effective path planning can significantly enhance the task execution capabilities of UAVs in complex environments. This paper proposes an improved sampling-based path planning algorithm, Bi-APF-RRT*, which integrates an Artificial Potential Field (APF) method with a newly introduced repulsive coefficient and incorporates dynamic step size adjustments. To further improve path planning performance, the algorithm introduces strategies such as dynamic goal biasing, target switching, and region-based adaptive sampling probability. The improved Bi-APF-RRT* algorithm effectively controls sampling direction and spatial distribution during the path search process, avoiding local optima and significantly improving the success rate and quality of path planning. To validate the performance of the algorithm, this paper conducts a comparative analysis of Bi-APF-RRT* against traditional RRT* in multiple simulation experiments. Quantitative results demonstrate that Bi-APF-RRT* achieves a 59.6% reduction in average computational time (from 5.97 s to 2.41 s), a 20.6% shorter path length (from 691.56 to 549.21), and a lower average path angle (reduced from 33.28° to 29.53°), while maintaining a 100% success rate compared to 95% for RRT*. Additionally, Bi-APF-RRT* reduces the average number of nodes in the search tree by 45.8% (from 381.17 to 206.5), showcasing stronger obstacle avoidance capabilities, faster convergence, and smoother path generation in complex 3D environments. The results highlight the algorithm’s robust adaptability and reliability in UAV path planning.
Research on Real-Time Multi-Robot Task Allocation Method Based on Monte Carlo Tree Search
Authors: Zhang Huiying , Sun Yule , Zheng Fengzhi
Published: December 2024

Task allocation is an important problem in multi-robot systems, particularly in dynamic and unpredictable environments such as offshore oil platforms, large-scale factories, or disaster response scenarios, where high change rates, uncertain state transitions, and varying task demands challenge the predictability and stability of robot operations. Traditional static task allocation strategies often struggle to meet the efficiency and responsiveness demands of these complex settings, while optimization heuristics, though improving planning time, exhibit limited scalability. To address these limitations, this paper proposes a task allocation method based on the Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) algorithm, which leverages the anytime property of MCTS to achieve a balance between fast response and continuous optimization. Firstly, the centralized adaptive MCTS algorithm generates preliminary solutions and monitors the state of the robots in minimal time. It utilizes dynamic Upper Confidence Bounds for Trees (UCT) values to accommodate varying task dimensions, outperforming the heuristic Multi-Robot Goal Assignment (MRGA) method in both planning time and overall task completion time. Furthermore, the parallelized distributed MCTS algorithm reduces algorithmic complexity and enhances computational efficiency through importance sampling and parallel processing. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method significantly reduces computation time while maintaining task allocation performance, decreasing the variance of planning results and improving algorithmic stability. Our approach enables more flexible and efficient task allocation in dynamically evolving and complex environments, providing robust support for the deployment of multi-robot systems.
Temperature Control Strategy for Hydrogen Fuel Cell Based on IPSO-Fuzzy-PID
Authors: Liu Zenghui , Dong Haiying , Ma Xiping
Published: December 2024

Hydrogen fuel cell water-thermal management systems suffer from slow response time, system vibration, and large temperature fluctuations of load current changes. In this paper, Logistic chaotic mapping, adaptively adjusted inertia weight and asymmetric learning factors are integrated to enhance the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm and combine it with fuzzy control to propose an innovative improved particle swarm optimization-Fuzzy control strategy. The use of chaotic mapping to initialize the particle population effectively enhances the variety within the population, which subsequently improves the ability to search globally and prevents the algorithm from converging to a local optimum solution prematurely; by improving the parameters of learning coefficients and inertia weight, the global and local search abilities are balanced at different stages of the algorithm, so as to strengthen the algorithm’s convergence certainty while reducing the dependency on expert experience in fuzzy control. In this article, a fuel cell experimental platform is constructed to confirm the validity and efficiency of the recommended strategy, and the analysis reveals that the improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) algorithm demonstrates better convergence performance than the standard PSO algorithm. The IPSO-Fuzzy-PID management approach is capable of providing a swift response and significantly diminishing the overshoot in the system’s performance, to maintain the system’s safe and stable execution.
Correction: Zhang et al. GL-1196 Suppresses the Proliferation and Invasion of Gastric Cancer Cells via Targeting PAK4 and Inhibiting PAK4-Mediated Signaling Pathways. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2016, 17, 470
Authors: Zhang Jian , Zhang Hong-Yan , Wang Jian , You Liang-Hao , Zhou Rui-Zhi , Zhao Dong-Mei , Cheng Mao-Sheng , Li Feng
Published: December 2024

In the original publication [...]
Risk Factor Analysis of Mechanical Complications in Surgical Treatment of Thoracolumbar Deformity with Osteoporotic Vertebral Fracture
Authors: Kotani Yoshihisa , Tanaka Takahiro , Ikeura Atsushi , Saito Takanori
Published: December 2024

Objective: Adult spinal deformity (ASD) with osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVF) often requires vertebral body resection and replacement. However, postoperative mechanical complications (MC) have been unsolved issues. This study retrospectively investigated the risk of MC following anterior-posterior spinal fusion (APF) with vertebral body resection and replacement for OVF with ASD. Methods: Among 91 cases undergoing APF with vertebral body resection and replacement, 43 cases met the deformity criteria. The mean age was 74.2 years, and the mean number of fused segments was 5.7. Pre and postoperative spinal alignments were measured, and the risk of MC occurrence, including PJK, DJK, and cage sinking, was determined through multivariate analysis. The AUC and cutoff values were calculated through ROC analysis. Results: The incidence of MC, PJK, and DJK were 28%, 12%, and 14%, respectively. Multivariate analysis for MC revealed postoperative PI-LL and operative time (cutoff: 40.5 degrees, 238 min) as significant risk factors, while postoperative PI-LL was a significant risk factor for PJK (cutoff: 42.4 degrees). Evaluation considering only thoracolumbar level showed postoperative local kyphosis as a significant MC risk factor (cutoff: 11 degrees). There was a positive correlation between operative time and preoperative local kyphosis, with a cutoff value of 238 min being equivalent to 21 degrees. Conclusion: The postoperative mismatch over 40 degrees and preoperative local kyphosis over 21 degrees were considered as a high risk for MCs. The postoperative kyphosis of 11 degrees was the risk factor of MC in the thoracolumbar level. The meticulous preoperative assessment, including local and global alignment, and local flexibility as well as detailed surgical planning of fixation range and the requirement of osteotomy, are crucial.
Impact of Urban Functional Dynamics on Surface Temperature: A Case Study of Chengdu
Authors: Fan Li , Cui Xu , Wang Guohua
Published: December 2024

With global warming and rapid urban development, the urban surface temperature in summer has been increasing, seriously affecting people’s work and life. The formation and changes in surface temperature are directly related to material surroundings and spatial functions. Urban construction has led to an increase in POIs (points of interest), and the POI represents the functional activity within the space to a certain extent. Therefore, this paper attempts to reproduce the process of the urban internal function development of Chengdu according to the distribution characteristics of different types of points of interest. It also delves into the influence of internal spatial functions on surface temperature in Chengdu. The results show that the surface heat values for all types of functions show a significant increase from 2009 to 2022. The rate of increase is particularly pronounced for public transportation, with temperatures increasing by an average of 0.317 °C per year. In addition, there are differences in the thermal contribution values of different functions. The residential and commercial functions have the most significant impact on surface temperature, with both accounting for more than 0.45 of all functional contribution values. Public transportation has a small thermal contribution value but shows a trend of doubling growth. The findings will provide some insights into the design of cooling in future urban planning.
Effects of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on Fetal Cardiac Morphology
Authors: Söylemez Esra , Sağol Sermet
Published: December 2024

Objective: This study aims to investigate the possible effects of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on fetal heart structure and the relationship of this effect with maternal blood sugar control. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 19 women with GDM at 24–36 weeks of gestation (case group) and 21 healthy pregnant women at the same weeks of gestation (control group) were examined. Fetal heart structure was evaluated by ultrasonography; interventricular septum (IVS) thickness, right and left ventricular sphericity indices, global sphericity index (GSI) and cardio-thoracic ratio were also measured. In addition, mothers’ HbA1c values (an indicator of blood sugar control) were recorded. Result: An increase in IVS thickness was observed in the fetuses of mothers with GDM. A more rounded trend was observed in the right ventricular structure, but this did not create a significant difference. No significant relationship was found between maternal blood sugar control and fetal heart structure. Conclusions: This study examined the effects of gestational diabetes on fetal cardiac morphology and the relationship of this effect with maternal glycemic control. Babies of mothers with GDM had a significantly thicker interventricular septum. A more rounded trend was detected in the right ventricular structure. However, this change was not found to be statistically significant. In addition, no significant correlation was found between maternal glycemic control and fetal cardiac morphology.
A Study on the Photoisomerization of (E)-Dehydrozingerone, Its (E)-(E)-C₂ Symmetric Dimer, and Their O-Methylated Derivatives
Authors: Dettori Maria Antonietta , Ugone Valeria , Fabbri Davide , Carta Paola
Published: December 2024

In this study, UV-induced (E)-to-(Z) geometrical isomerizations of the curcumin degradation product (E)-dehydrozingerone, along with curcumin-inspired (E)-O-methylated dehydrozingerone and their corresponding C2-symmetric dimers, were investigated. All compounds produced corresponding (Z) isomers in varying yields upon UV irradiation in deuterated solvents. The efficiency of these photoisomerizations depended on the solvent and wavelength used. While (Z) dehydrozingerone and its corresponding (Z)-(Z) dimer proved to be highly unstable during purification, the O-methylated derivatives were successfully isolated, fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy, and further analyzed by UV-Vis spectroscopy and computational methods.
Color Compounds Removal from Tequila Vinasses Using Silica Gel Adsorbents Functionalized with Thiol Moieties: Equilibrium and Kinetics Studies
Authors: Gonzalez-Valerio Carlos , Peregrina-Lucano Alejandro A. , Manríquez-González Ricardo , Pérez-Fonseca Aida A. , Robledo-Ortíz Jorge R. , Shenderovich Ilya G. , Gómez-Salazar Sergio
Published: December 2024

Tequila vinasses are organic wastes generated during ethanol fermentation at elevated temperatures (≥90 °C) and pH ≤ 4.0, making them hazardous to the environment. This paper describes a new, simplified UV–vis spectroscopy-based procedure for monitoring the adsorption of color compounds in tequila vinasses onto silica-based adsorbents, along with an optimized synthesis method to produce the most efficient sol–gel synthesized thiol-functionalized adsorbent. Under optimized conditions, the uptake capacity of this adsorbent reaches 0.8 g g−1 in 90 min. Experimental results demonstrate that the adsorbent has a specific affinity for melanoidin-type molecules. The adsorbent demonstrates excellent thermal stability (~316 °C). The results of this work indicate that the adsorbent possesses potential in the treatment of tequila vinasses from wastewater discharges.
Silicon Extraction from a Diamond Wire Saw Silicon Slurry with Flotation and the Flotation Interface Behavior
Authors: Zhu Lin , Wu Dandan , Yang Shicong , Xie Keqiang , Wei Kuixian , Ma Wenhui
Published: December 2024

Diamond wire saw silicon slurry (DWSSS) is a waste resource produced during the process of solar-grade silicon wafer preparation with diamond wire sawing. The DWSSS contains 6N grade high-purity silicon and offers a promising resource for high-purity silicon recycling. The current process for silicon extraction recovery from DWSSS presents the disadvantages of lower recovery and secondary pollution. This study focuses on the original DWSSS as the target and proposes flotation for efficiently extracting silicon. The experimental results indicate that the maximal recovery of silicon reached 98.2% under the condition of a dodecylamine (DDA) dosage of 0.6 g·L−1 and natural pH conditions within 24 min, and the flotation conforms to the first-order rate model. Moreover, the mechanism of the interface behavior between DWSSS and DDA revealed that DDA is adsorbed on the surface of silicon though adsorption, and the floatability of silicon is improved. The DFT calculation indicates that DDA can be spontaneously adsorbed with the silicon. The present study demonstrates that flotation is an efficient method for extracting silicon from DWSSS and provides an available option for silicon recovery.
β,β-Difluoro Peroxides as Fluorinated C2-Building Blocks for the Construction of Functionalized Indolizines
Authors: Ma Yangyang , Zhang Hua , Du Xiaoxiao , Fang Shurui , Yin Kexin , Du Gangfeng , Tian Zhengshan , Zhou Zhonghao
Published: December 2024

An effective method for the construction of functionalized indolizines has been developed in which β,β-difluoro peroxides act as novel C2-building blocks to implement [3+2] annulation with pyridinium ylides under base-mediated conditions. With this protocol, a broad range of multisubstituted indolizines were prepared in moderate to good yields under mild conditions, and many useful functional groups were tolerated.
Whipping Creams: Advances in Molecular Composition and Nutritional Chemistry
Authors: Dabo Khadija Florence , Chèné Christine , Fameau Anne-Laure , Karoui Romdhane
Published: December 2024

Whipping cream (WC) is an oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion used in food industry that can be transformed into aerated foam. The cream market has expanded significantly, driven by consumer demands for healthier and higher-quality products, leading to significant scientific research and innovation. This review focuses on formulation challenges related to ingredients such as fats, emulsifiers, and stabilizers, and how these components interact to form a stable emulsion and foam structure. Many studies have aimed to enhance the physicochemical, functional, and nutritional characteristics of WC by fine-tuning formulation parameters. A major focus was to address the health concerns linked to the high saturated fat content in milk fat (MF) by developing healthier alternatives. These include modifying the fat content, developing low-fat formulations, and introducing plant-based substitutes for dairy creams. The participation of additives to improve the properties of whipping cream was also investigated in many recent studies. The use of plant proteins, hydrocolloids, and emulsifiers has been explored, highlighting their effectiveness in enhancing emulsifying and foaming properties. This review summarizes recent advancements in whipping cream formulation, emphasizing the role of additives and alternative ingredients in meeting consumer preferences for healthier, more sustainable whipping cream products with enhanced functional, sensory, and nutritional properties.
pH and Pectinase Dual-Responsive Zinc Oxide Core-Shell Nanopesticide: Efficient Control of Sclerotinia Disease and Reduction of Environmental Risks
Authors: Mai Qiongmei , Lu Yu , Cai Qianyu , Hu Jianglong , Lv Yunyou , Yang Yonglan , Wang Liqiang , Zhou Yuezhao , Liu Jie
Published: December 2024

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is one of the fungi that cause plant diseases. It damages plants by secreting large amounts of oxalic acid and cell wall-degrading enzymes. To meet this challenge, we designed a new pH/enzyme dual-responsive nanopesticide Pro@ZnO@Pectin (PZP). This nanopesticide uses zinc oxide (ZnO) as a carrier of prochloraz (Pro) and is encapsulated with pectin. When encountering oxalic acid released by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, the acidic environment promotes the decomposition of ZnO; at the same time, the pectinase produced by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum can also decompose the outer pectin layer of PZP, thereby promoting the effective release of the active ingredient. Experimental data showed that PZP was able to achieve an efficient release rate of 57.25% and 68.46% when pectinase was added or under acidic conditions, respectively. In addition, in vitro tests showed that the antifungal effect of PZP was comparable to that of the commercial Pro (Pro SC) on the market, and its efficacy was 1.40 times and 1.32 times that of the Pro original drug (Pro TC), respectively. Crucially, the application of PZP significantly alleviated the detrimental impacts of Pro on wheat development. Soil wetting experiments have proved that PZP primarily remained in the soil, thereby decreasing its likelihood of contaminating water sources and reducing potential risks to non-target organisms. Moreover, PZP improved the foliar wettability of Pro, lowering the contact angle to 75.06°. Residue analyses indicated that PZP did not elevate prochloraz residue levels in tomato fruits compared to conventional applications, indicating that the nanopesticide formulation does not lead to excessive pesticide buildup. In summary, the nanopesticide PZP shows great promise for effectively managing Sclerotinia sclerotiorum while minimizing environmental impact.
Optimal Scheduling of Networked Microgrids Considering the Temporal Equilibrium Allocation of Annual Carbon Emission Allowance
Authors: Hu Chengling , Bai Hao , Li Wei , Xie Kaigui , Liu Yipeng , Liu Tong , Shao Changzheng
Published: December 2024

The optimal scheduling of networked microgrids considering the coupled trading of energy and carbon emission allowance (CEA) has been extensively studied. Notably, the scheduling is performed on a daily basis, whereas the CEA is usually checked and determined once a year. The temporal mismatch between the daily scheduling and the yearly CEA should be addressed to realize the dynamic valuation of CEA. In this paper, the optimal scheduling of networked microgrids considering the temporal equilibrium allocation of annual CEA is investigated. Firstly, a CEA decomposition model is developed, which allocates allowance to individual microgrids and further decomposes them temporally using the entropy method. Secondly, a Lyapunov optimization-based low-carbon scheduling model is introduced to manage carbon emissions within each dispatch interval, ensuring annual CEA compliance and daily economic efficiency. Thirdly, a Stackelberg game-based energy–carbon coupling trading model is presented, which considers the uncertainties caused by fluctuations in external electricity and carbon prices to optimize trading prices and strategies of the microgrids. Finally, a test system is used to demonstrate the significant effects of emission reduction and the economic benefits of the proposed methods.
Hyperreal Replicas in Julian Barnes' "England, England"
Authors: Shayanpoor Mohammadreza , Kolahjooei Farzad
Published: December 2024

This article aims to examine Julian Barnes' England, England through Jean Baudrillard's influential concepts of hyperreality and simulation, illuminating profound resonances with the postmodern condition of contemporary Western societies. The novel portrays a world increasingly governed by models, signs and simulacra, challenging traditional notions of authenticity and reality. The theme park's replication of English culture, history and identity exemplifies how simulations and hyperreal constructions have saturated domains like tourism, nationhood, historical narratives and media representations. The novel encapsulates Baudrillardian themes such as the blurring of reality/illusion, the eclipse of the original by replicas, and the commodification of culture into marketable experiences. This mirrors contemporary experiences where the virtual and artificial hold sway over the authentic, fuelled by forces like consumer capitalism and the media. The actors' embodiment of historical roles reflects how mediated depictions shape public memory more than facts. Ultimately, the novel's vision of a hyperreal England supplanting traditional conceptions of nationhood resonates with contemporary anxieties about meaning and truth in a world dominated by simulations. By vividly fictionalizing Baudrillard's philosophical perspectives, the novel offers insightful views on modern complications distinguishing reality amid our self-constructed simulations.
Exploring the Linguistic Patterns of Gratitude: A Comparative Analysis of Acknowledgments in Philosophy PhD Theses
Authors: Yuvayapan Fatma , Bilginer Hayriye
Published: December 2024

Acknowledgments as expressions of gratitude are not only mere formalities in academia but also represent heartfelt attempts by researchers to acknowledge the support that shaped their academic journeys. They are a specific academic genre in which personal texts are produced as a part of academic genres such as theses or books. Hence, a systematic understanding of the linguistic features of this specific genre may contribute to the literature on academic writing. Comparing expressions of gratitude across English, German, and Turkish L1 academic contexts, this study presents a detailed picture of linguistic patterns in Ph.D. thesis acknowledgments in the field of Philosophy. We found that thanking for academic purposes was the main reason for gratitude in the three cultures. Our analysis also revealed the influence of cultural and linguistic nuances on the syntactic patterns of gratitude in the three contexts. We concluded that while acknowledgments remain deeply personal and emotionally charged, they adhere to genre-specific encoding patterns and share common lexical preferences, which require explicit instruction in academic writing courses.
Los orígenes de la diplomacia de la ciencia en México
Authors: Ibárez Flores Isabel G.
Published: December 2024

La diplomacia de la ciencia es un campo emergente que tiene sus orígenes principalmente en Estados Unidos y Reino Unido desde hace más de tres décadas.

Este nuevo tipo de diplomacia posiciona el papel de la ciencia en las relaciones internacionales como una importante herramienta de política exterior mediante actividades de poder suave. Además, su atractivo radica en el potencial para brindar soluciones a retos globales compartidos como el cambio climático, la seguridad alimentaria, o el estrés hídrico, entre otros.

No obstante, su estudio ha estado dominado por países del Norte global que promueven una visión occidentalizada sobre lo que se considera ciencia, que no se apega a las realidades de los países en desarrollo que comparten un pasado colonial.

En México, la práctica de la diplomacia de la ciencia ha rebasado a la teoría. Por ello, este artículo ofrece un análisis y reinterpretación del concepto desde la cosmovisión mexicana como propuesta alternativa. La metodología implementada se enmarca en los estudios postcoloniales y la teoría centro-periferia por medio de una revisión documental de corte cualitativo.
An evaluation of the use of a “short moment of intensive training” (SMIT) in delivering trauma-nursing education
Authors: Watkins Rachel , Schaffarczyk Katherine , Artesano Joelyn Gail
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
In 2021, Westmead Hospital opened a 13-bed trauma ward, drawing the nursing workforce from various surgical specialties and generating an urgent need for trauma-nursing education. The SMIT (short moment of intensive training) method was developed to deliver targeted, flexible, priority focused and customised education.
Aim
The primary aim of the study was to demonstrate that specific education on chest trauma using the SMIT method improved nurses’ knowledge and confidence in caring for patients who have experienced trauma.
Methods
Nurses who met the recruitment criteria completed a pre-SMIT chest-trauma knowledge assessment and trauma-nursing confidence assessment. The SMITs, comprising five sessions, were conducted by the trained instructors. On completion of each session, the instructor recorded the duration of the session, and the nurses completed the “Participant Feedback of SMIT” tool. Once a nurse had completed all five SMITs, they completed the post-SMIT knowledge and confidence assessments.
Results
A sample size of 13 nurses participated in the study; 14 nurses were recruited, and one excluded. A statistically significant difference was found between the post-SMIT and pre-SMIT knowledge tests (p = 0.003), and post-SMIT and pre-SMIT confidence tests (p = 0.000). No difference was found in the amount of time needed to complete the knowledge test post-SMIT (p = 0.434). Instructor feedback included the time-consuming nature of one-to-one teaching, and the need to conduct sessions close together to minimise the need to revise previous content.
Conclusions
The SMIT teaching method was beneficial for our novice cohort of trauma nurses to increase their knowledge and confidence in treating patients with chest trauma. Recommendations for future research include additional trauma topics, and application of SMITs to other clinical settings.
Keywords: Trauma Nurse Education, nursing confidence, critical thinking, chest trauma, trauma ward education, opportunistic learning, teachable moment.
ADOPTION OF ELECTRONIC PRESCRIBING ACCEPTANCE FOR USERS: APPLYING AN EXTENDED TAM MODEL
Authors: Lestari Rinna Dwi , Sundari Sri , Trisnadi Setyo , Ardani Yanuar
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi penerimaan resep elektronik pada pengguna yang menerapkan model extended TAM. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kausal dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 74 responden. Penentuan sampel menggunakan teknik simple random sampling yang merupakan teknik yang dapat mengurangi bias dalam penelitian. Variabel yang diteliti adalah Penerimaan Penggunaan, Persepsi Kegunaan, Persepsi Kemudahan Penggunaan dan Sikap Penggunaan. Analisis data menggunakan software Smart PLS untuk mengukur data dengan auto coding. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa seluruh hipotesis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini diterima dengan hasil uji reliabilitas dengan Cronbach’s Alpha. Penerimaan Penggunaan (0,730), Persepsi Kegunaan (0,877), Persepsi Kemudahan Penggunaan (0,887) dan Sikap Penggunaan (0,894). Persepsi kemudahan penggunaan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap persepsi kegunaan difusi elektronik. Persepsi kemudahan penggunaan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap sikap penggunaan infiltrasi elektronik. Persepsi kegunaan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap sikap penggunaan infiltrasi elektronik. Persepsi kegunaan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap penerimaan infiltrasi elektronik. Sikap terhadap teknologi ini secara positif dan signifikan memengaruhi penerimaan resep elektronik. Kegunaan yang dirasakan memediasi pengaruh persepsi kemudahan penggunaan terhadap sikap difusi elektronik. Kemudahan penggunaan mempengaruhi kegunaan infiltrasi elektronik. Persepsi kemudahan penggunaan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap sikap penggunaan infiltrasi elektronik. Implikasi dari penelitian ini hanya menganalisis penerimaan resep elektronik dengan menggunakan model extended TAM. Diharapkan ada penelitian lebih lanjut dengan menggunakan alat dan pendekatan lain.
A primazia da ambiência em arquitetura de clínicas de hemodiálise: um estudo em São João del Rei, MG
Authors:   , Carvalho Sara Reis de
Published: December 2024

O tratamento de hemodiálise consiste em um mecanismo que exerce a função dos rins de maneira artificial. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar como a arquitetura de clínicas de hemodiálise, para além da funcionalidade e da técnica da edificação, pode contribuir para a saúde mental a partir da investigação da ambiência construída pela afetividade dos pacientes em tratamento dialítico. Utilizou-se conceitos da psicologia ambiental e da arquitetura, com vistas a compreender como o senso e identidade de lugar se formam para os usuários. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de caráter quali-qualitativo e exploratório, onde foi realizado um estudo de caso na clínica de hemodiálise da cidade de São João del Rei, MG. Os métodos foram a investigação documental arquitetônica e de literatura, pesquisa in loco e entrevistas semi-estruturadas com pacientes e profissionais. Foram entrevistados 26 pacientes e os resultados indicam que o projeto da clínica é pouco representativo para o que se refere aos sentimentos das pessoas dialisadas. Desta forma, identificou-se demandas, objetivas e subjetivas, de forma a contribuir para melhoria da qualidade arquitetônica das clínicas, tanto de seus aspectos físico-espaciais, quanto dos layouts dos lugares e também para a satisfação dos usuários no que se refere à constituição da ambiência.