bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
processo de orientação de Nietzsche em seu apontamento de Lenzerheide, de 7 de junho de 1887
Authors: Stegmaier Werner
Published: October 2022

O apontamento-Lenzerheide, de 7 de junho de 1887 é considerado um texto central sobre o entendimento de Nietzsche a respeito do niilismo. Ele o redigiu num trem, na estação entre Chur e Sils Maria, depois de ter concluído o quinto livro de A Gaia Ciência, seu mais corajoso, profundo e sereno livro de aforismos, e, portanto, antes de ter redigido em Sils Maria, em poucas semanas, as três dissertações de Para a Genealogia da Moral. Entre ambas as coisas, parece que ele tentou tornar claro para si o todo de seu pensamento, e, nesse processo, particularmente a conexão dos temas suscitados em Assim Falou Zaratustra: os temas do niilismo, do além-do-homem, da vontade de poder, do eterno retorno do mesmo e da ordem de escalonamento (Rangordnung). Na maioria das vezes, isto foi compreendido de um modo tal que Nietzsche, com isso, aproxima-se mais fortemente de um “sistema” como, em particular, Alfred Baumler e Martin Heidegger tentaram construí-lo. A nova edição do espólio de Nietzsche, na transcrição diferenciada da Seção IX da edição completa das obras de Nietzsche permite conhecer mais precisamente como Nietzsche se orientou em seu pensamento e como elaborou, passo a passo, seus pensamentos. Neste estudo, o apontamento de Lenzerheide é lido tendo em vista o processo de orientação que nele se realiza, e são tornadas claras as decisões de orientação que Nietzsche toma de parágrafo para parágrafo. Ao final, não resulta daí nenhum sistema, mas um distanciamento da “magia do extremo”, que Nietzsche primeiramente segue, ao longo de muitos parágrafos. Nietzsche medita (besinnt) sobre os pontos extremos de seu filosofar, e os retoma. Ele só faz isso aqui, no apontamento-Lenzerheide. Isso significa que, também com o niilismo, tem-se que viver comedidamente (maßvoll).
The Affirmation of Life: Nietzsche On Overcoming Nihilism, de Bernard Reginster
Authors: B. Pippin Robert
Published: October 2022

Não se aplica.
“Segundo as Escrituras”:
Authors: Carneiro Marcelo da Silva
Published: October 2022

O estudo da Septuaginta tem demonstrado como essa versão do texto hebraico tem indícios de motivação teológica e ação hermenêutica, no sentido de uma atualização do texto, em relação ao original. Essa tradução hermenêutica motivada teologicamente influenciou em vários momentos os autores do Novo Testamento, que usaram amplamente a Septuaginta. Sendo assim, esse artigo vai procurar demonstrar esses aspectos, indicando com exemplos como isso se deu, tanto na forma como o texto hebraico foi vertido para o grego, quanto no uso que os autores do Novo Testamento fizeram dessa tradução.
Method for the Determination of Acetone Vapour Concentration by Optical Stimulation of the p-n Junction
Authors: Šneiders Maksims
Published: October 2022

The Thesis is dedicated to the development of a new acetone gas concentration determination method and sensor for medical (biomarker determination) for labour, environmental and counter-terrorism protection purposes. The solutions proposed thus far do not allow to detect low concentration of acetone gas due to shortcomings in their operating processes. For the first time, the possibility to reduce the acetone gas concentration determination threshold to 0.636 ppm was demonstrated by realizing a method in which the new sensor for acetone gas concentration determination was used.
Балкански ратови и Југословенска револуционарна омладина
Authors: Милошевић Боривоје , Лукић Сандра
Published: October 2022

Анексиона криза (1908−1909) и балкански ратови (1912−1913) снажно су утицали на редефинисање политичке мапе Европе, односа између великих сила, али и развоја омладинског револуционарног покрета у јужнословенским дијеловима Аустроугарске. Побједе српског оружја и ослобођење Старе Србије снажно су одјекнуле међу пројугословенски оријентисаним политичарима, интелектуалцима, а посебно међу напредном, револуционарном омладином. Неки од њих напустили су Босну и Херцеговину и као добровољци борили су се у јединицама српске и црногорске војске. Омладина је наслућивала долазак времена у којем је требало стати на крај туђинској владавини, ослободити јужнословенске народе и ујединити их у једну слободну државу. Изнимним мјерама, уведеним маја 1913. године у јеку Скадарске кризе, суспендоване су поједине одредбе Устава, ограничене многе грађанске слободе и укинута су друштва са српским националним предзнаком.
Photovoltaic performance of novel Perovskite/organic integrated solar cells with high efficiency and high stability
Authors: Meng Jing , Gao Bo-Wen ,   Network and Educational Technology Center, Taishan University, Tai'an 271021, China,   Institute of Photovoltaic Materials and Building Integration, School of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, Taishan University, Tai'an 271021, China
Published: October 2022

Perovskite/organic integrated solar cell possesses the perovskite active layer with wide band gap that can absorb high energy photons, while the lower energy photons can pass through the perovskite layer and be absorbed by the organic active layer with narrow band gap. By introducing a Bulk heterojunction (BHJ) consisting of perovskite materials and near-infrared (NIR) organic semiconductor materials in the visible light region, the enhanced short-circuit current density of organic cells can be obtained while maintaining the high open-circuit voltage of perovskite-type devices. We prepare perovskite/organic integrated solar cells by directly deposing the narrow band gap organic active layer PC20BDTDPP:PC71BM on CH3NH3PbI3. The CH3NH3PbI3/PC20BDTDPP:PC71BM integrated solar cell can widen the perovskite absorption spectra, thereby increasing the near-infrared light absorption. The results show that the short-circuit current density of the integrated solar cell increases to 23.90 mA/cm2, the optical response is widened to 920 nm, the external quantum efficiency reaches 85% in the visible region, and is close to 55% in the near infrared region (800–900 nm), and the energy conversion efficiency of the device increases up to 20.30%. The integrated current density, quantum efficiency, and energy conversion efficiency of the best device are the highest values ever reported in perovskite/organic integrated solar cells. At room temperature of 25 ℃ and humidity of 30%, the efficiency of the device decreases to 95% of the original efficiency after 350 h, showing excellent device stability. The results show that it is an effective method to improve the near-infrared absorption of perovskite solar cells and improve the performance of perovskite/organic integrated solar cells through material combination and device structure optimization. The present research provides theoretical guidance and experimental basis for the development of perovskite/ organic integrated cells with high efficiency and stability in the future.
Vocalization categorization behavior explained by a feature-based auditory categorization model
Authors: Kar Manaswini , Pernia Marianny , Williams Kayla , Parida Satyabrata , Schneider Nathan Alan , McAndrew Madelyn , Kumbam Isha , Sadagopan Srivatsun
Published: October 2022

Vocal animals produce multiple categories of calls with high between- and within-subject variability, over which listeners must generalize to accomplish call categorization. The behavioral strategies and neural mechanisms that support this ability to generalize are largely unexplored. We previously proposed a theoretical model that accomplished call categorization by detecting features of intermediate complexity that best contrasted each call category from all other categories. We further demonstrated that some neural responses in the primary auditory cortex were consistent with such a model. Here, we asked whether a feature-based model could predict call categorization behavior. We trained both the model and guinea pigs (GPs) on call categorization tasks using natural calls. We then tested categorization by the model and GPs using temporally and spectrally altered calls. Both the model and GPs were surprisingly resilient to temporal manipulations, but sensitive to moderate frequency shifts. Critically, the model predicted about 50% of the variance in GP behavior. By adopting different model training strategies and examining features that contributed to solving specific tasks, we could gain insight into possible strategies used by animals to categorize calls. Our results validate a model that uses the detection of intermediate-complexity contrastive features to accomplish call categorization.
More than just an inert dense region
Authors: Akkouche Abdou , Brasset Emilie
Published: October 2022

A newly discovered protein helps define a subset of heterochromatin regions that can silence harmful mobile genetic elements in the genome of fruit flies.
biomonitoR: an R package for managing ecological data and calculating biomonitoring indices
Authors: Laini Alex , Guareschi Simone , Bolpagni Rossano , Burgazzi Gemma , Bruno Daniel , Gutiérrez-Cánovas Cayetano , Miranda Rafael , Mondy Cédric , Várbíró Gábor , Cancellario Tommaso
Published: October 2022

The monitoring of biological indicators is required to assess the impacts of environmental policies, compare ecosystems and guide management and conservation actions. However, the growing availability of ecological data has not been accompanied by concomitant processing tools able to facilitate data handling and analysis. Multiple common challenges limit the usefulness of biomonitoring information across ecosystems and biological groups. Biomonitoring data analysis is currently constrained by time-consuming steps for data preparation and a data processing environment with limited integration in terms of software, biological groups, and protocols. We introduce biomonitoR, a package for the R programming language that addresses technical challenges for the management of ecological data and metrics calculation. biomonitoR implements most of the biological indices currently used or proposed in different fields of ecology and water resource management. Its combination of customizable functions aims to support a transferable and comprehensive biomonitoring workflow in a user-friendly environment. biomonitoR represents a versatile toolbox with five main assets: (i) it checks taxonomic information against reference datasets allowing for customization of trait and sensitivity scores; (ii) it supports heterogeneous taxonomic resolution allowing computations at multiple taxonomic levels; (iii) it calculates multiple biological indices, including metrics for both broad and stressor-specific ecological assessments; (iv) it enables user-friendly data visualization, helping both decision-making processes and data interpretation; and (v) it allows working with an interactive web application straight from R. Overall, biomonitoR can benefit the wide biomonitoring community, including environmental private consultants, ecologists and natural resource managers.
Postpartum depression and health-related quality of life: a Saudi Arabian perspective
Authors: Almuqbil Mansour , Kraidiye Nora , Alshmaimri Hatoun , Ali kaabi Amerah , Almutiri Atheer , Alanazi Abeer , Hjeij Ayat , Alamri Abdulhakeem S. , Alsanie Wala F. , Alhomrani Majid , Asdaq Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin
Published: October 2022

Background and Objectives

The mental and physical functioning of an individual is partly determined by their health-related quality of life (HRQOL), which is a multifaceted component. Women who have recently given birth must have a good quality of life to provide proper care and development for their infant. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between postpartum depression (PPD) and HRQOL in Saudi Arabian women and to identify potential risk factors that could influence them.

Methods

This study comprised 253 mothers aged 1–24 weeks postpartum from several health centers in Saudi Arabia, recruited by random purposive sampling. The study’s questionnaire featured three sections: the first section had demographic information; the second and third sections contained the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) scale and the HRQOL scale (SF-12), respectively. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi square analyses, independent samples t-tests and binary logistic regression analysis using IBM SPSS 25.

Results

Results of current study indicate that 59.68% of the patients exhibited probable post-partum depression symptoms. Participants who were depressed had significantly lower mental component (MCS) and physical component scores than participants who were in good health. When compared to non-smokers, smokers have a 21-fold higher risk of developing depression. Similar to this, mothers who worked had a 3.98 times higher risk of depression, and patients with a history of depression had a 3.6 times higher chance of getting PPD. The probability of developing PPD was also significantly higher in those who lived outside the Riyadh region, had given birth more than twice before this time, and had experienced undesired pregnancies.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrated an inverse correlation between postpartum depression and health-related quality of life scores. Treatment for depression, particularly among mothers, is crucial for improving their quality of life and, as a result, creating a favorable environment for the development of newborn babies.
Variabilidad estacional e interanual de la concentración de clorofila y de la productividad primaria frente al estado de Campeche, golfo de México
Authors: Quetz-Que Santiago J , Álvarez-Borrego Saúl , Lara-Lara José Rubén , Solana-Arellanos Ma. Elena , Parés-Sierrra Alejandro
Published: October 2022

El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar la variabilidad espaciotemporal de clorofila satelital (Clsat), productividad primaria (PP), temperatura de la superficie del mar (TSM) y altura del nivel del mar (ANM) de julio de 2002 a diciembre de 2018 en el banco de Campeche. Se descargaron composiciones mensuales de Clsat y TSM del sensor MODIS-Aqua, y de ANM de la página COPERNICUS. Las composiciones de PP se descargaron de la página de internet de la Universidad Estatal de Oregón. Se estudiaron 4 transectos de 200 km perpendiculares a la costa de Campeche (T1 a T4), y 1 de 300 km paralelo a la misma (T5). Se construyeron series de tiempo y diagramas Hovmöller para estudiar las variaciones espaciales y temporales. La Clsat en T1 a T4 mostró una distinción entre una zona interior (0–60 km) y una exterior (60–200 km). La zona nerítica interior presentó los máximos de Clsat (>2.5 mg·m–3) y PP (>2 g C·m–2·d–1) en época de lluvias y los mínimos en época de secas (<0.25 m) en época de secas (<2 mg·m–3 y <2 g C·m–2·d–1, respectivamente), ya que los aportes de nutrientes por escorrentía a la zona interior proveen nutrientes para el fitoplancton. La zona nerítica exterior presentó los máximos de Clsat  (>0.6 mg·m–3) y PP (>0.7 g C·m–2·d–1) durante los frentes fríos y los mínimos en secas (<0.3 mg·m–3 y <0.4 g C·m–2·d–1), debido a que los frentes fríos generan mezcla de la columna de agua y, consecuentemente, acarrean nutrientes hacia la zona eufótica. TSM presentó máximos (>30 °C) en época de lluvias y mínimos (<22 ºC) durante frente fríos; la ANM tuvo máximos (<22 °C) durante frentes fríos; la ANM tuvo máximos (>0.40 m) durante frentes fríos y mínimos (<0.25 m) en época de secas.
The Crowding in (out) Effect of Intergovernmental Transfers on Local Government Revenue Generation: Evidence from Pakistan
Authors:   Zhejiang University, Yousaf Tahir , Ul Ain Qurat ,   Zhejiang University,   COMSATS University Islamabad, Akhtar Yasmeen ,   University of Sargodha y,   COMSATS University
Published: October 2022

Literature on the fiscal incentives highlight the importance of how the design of intergovernmental transfer system has momentous implication on the local government’s behavior within devolved systems. The pragmatic results on the relationship between IGT and the incentive creation for the local government revenue generation are indecisive and differs across countries. Using a unique data set covering public finance and various socio economic data over the period 1990 to 2015 in Pakistan, this paper contribute to fiscal federalism literature by evaluating the fiscal incentives of unconditional (general purpose) formula defined and conditional (specific purpose) ad hoc based transfers. After endogenity adjustments, our empirical results shows that unconditional formula based intergovernmental transfers/grants improve the mobilization of local government revenues while the conditional, ad hoc based transfers, deteriorate the mobilization of local revenue. However, in Pakistan large part of transfers are unconditional so the results suggest that transfers from the federal government complement local own source revenues generation by encouraging local governments in Pakistan to collect more revenues.
Corporate Tax Rate, Financing Policy and Investment Decisions: Evidence from 8 Asian Economies
Authors:   Xi’an Jiaotong University, Farooq Umar , Anagreh Suhaib ,   Higher Colleges of Technology, Al-Omari Mohammad Ahmad ,   Al Ain University, Tabash Mosab I. ,   Al Ain University
Published: October 2022

This study intends to examine the heterogeneous impact of corporate tax rates on financing policy and investment decisions. It further quantifies how different financing options can alienate the adverse impacts of corporate taxation on industrial investment decisions. The empirical analysis is based on ten years of financial information relating to non-financial sector firms from eight Asian economies. For the regression analysis, we employ panel EGLS and the system GMM model. The statistical analysis of the study first reveals the negative and significant influence of corporate taxation on industrial investment. It also suggests the dynamic impact of different financing options on corporate investment decisions. The statistical analysis further documents the positive impact of corporate taxation on bank and trade credit financing as well as the negative effect on equity financing. In addition to linear analysis, the findings of study corroborate the existence of the moderating expression of financing options on corporate tax rates and the industrial investment relationship. Based on empirical analysis, it can be suggested that corporate managers should acquire more funding, specifically debt financing, to maintain investment volume during a period of high corporate tax rates. This study substantiates the co-association among three strategically linked decisions and suggests the significance of debt financing for mitigating the adverse impacts of taxation on corporate investment.
Indirect Taxation, Tax Evasion and Profits
Authors:   University of Pisa, Fanti Luciano , Buccella Domenico ,   Kozminski University
Published: October 2022

In a duopoly with differentiated products under price competition, this paper analyses the frms’ tax compliance behaviour in the presence of tax evasion to challenge the conventional wisdom that indirect taxes penalise profts. In contrast to the preceding literature, it is shown that indirect taxes can increase frms’ profts. The appearance of this unconventional fnding is more likely when there exists a suffcient competitive pressure in the industry and the effort for detecting evasion is not too strong.
QALY Maximization and the Social Optimum
Authors:   Universitat Pompeu Fabra, López-Casasnovas Guillem , Pinto José Luis ,   Universidad de Navarra
Published: October 2022

The quality-adjusted life year (QALY) approach as a paradigmatic measure of health outcomes is widely used in the economic evaluation of health policies and is even trying to be emulated in other public policy areas. The objective of this paper is to structure the arguments underlying the use of QALYs in cost-effectiveness analyses, which condition its applicability. To this effect, the paper intervenes in the unreasonable use of the approach in terms of its limitations when prioritizing health services. In short, the authors are generally in favor of the instrument but do not have blanket enthusiasm in support of it.
Locus of Control and Adolescents’ Aggression
Authors: Begum Arifa Momtaz , Saikia Jinamoni
Published: October 2022

Having control of one’s life can decrease aggressive and violent behaviours. To achieve this, people must have control over their personal environment. Some people feel that they either have control over any situation in their lives while some other thinks that things happen due to their luck or chance. Locus of control is a construct that measures the degree to which individuals believe they are responsible for the consequences of their behaviour. Aggression is a forceful action or procedure specially when intended to dominate or master. This study attempted to see how locus of control is correlated with aggression. The study was conducted in Sonitpur district of Assam. The sample for the study was 32 numbers of respondents identified and selected purposively from a population of 185 students belonging to IXth (Ninth) standard of selected schools. A standardized questionnaire namely Direct & Indirect Aggression Scales developed by Bjorkqvist and Niemela [4] was used to gather data to find out the prevalence of aggression among adolescents. For assessment of Locus of Control, Nowicki-Strickland Locus of Control Scale developed by Nowicki and Srickland [5] was used. The findings of the study revealed that three types of aggression viz. physical verbal and social were present among the respondents which were categorized as high, average and low. Results also revealed that majority of the respondents (93.75%) had external locus of control whereas only 6.25 per cent of the respondents had intermediate locus of control and no respondents were recorded to have internal locus of control. The results revealed positive correlation between external locus of control and adolescents’ aggression which is significant at 5% probability level (r=.362, p=.042).
Dynamical activation of function in metalloenzymes
Authors: Klinman Judith P.
Published: October 2022

Formulations of hydrogen tunneling in enzyme‐catalysed C–H activation reactions indicate enthalpic barriers to reaction that are independent of chemical steps and dependent on the protein scaffold. A tool to identify catalytically relevant site‐specific protein thermal networks has emerged from temperature‐dependent hydrogen deuterium exchange (TDHDX). Focusing on mutant enzyme forms with altered activation energies for catalysis, TDHDX provides a comparative analysis of the impact of mutation on Ea for local protein unfolding. Identified thermal networks appear unrelated to protein scaffold conservation and track to the dictates of the catalysed reaction, including sites for metal binding. The positions of thermal networks provide a framework for further understanding of time‐dependent, functionally relevant protein motions. Measurement of nanosecond Stokes shifts at the surface of the thermal network in soybean lipoxygenase yields activation energies that are identical to Ea values measured for kcat. This finding identifies a rapid (> nanosecond), long‐range and cooperative structural reorganization as the thermal barrier to catalysis. A model for protein dynamics is put forward that integrates broadly distributed protein conformational sampling with protein embedded thermal networks.
AMPylation of small GTPases by Fic enzymes
Authors: Gulen Burak , Casey Amanda , Orth Kim
Published: October 2022

Small GTPases orchestrate numerous cellular pathways, acting as molecular switches and regulatory hubs to transmit molecular signals and because of this, they are often the target of pathogens. During infection, pathogens manipulate host cellular networks using post‐translational modifications (PTMs). AMPylation, the modification of proteins with AMP, has been identified as a common PTM utilized by pathogens to hijack GTPase signalling during infection. AMPylation is primarily carried out by enzymes with a filamentation induced by cyclic‐AMP (Fic) domain. Modification of small GTPases by AMP renders GTPases impervious to upstream regulatory inputs, resulting in unregulated downstream effector outputs for host cellular processes. Here, we overview Fic‐mediated AMPylation of small GTPases by pathogens and other related PTMs catalysed by Fic enzymes on GTPases.
Association Between Race/Ethnicity and COVID‐19 Outcomes in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients From the United States: Data From the COVID‐19 Global Rheumatology Alliance
Authors: Ugarte‐Gil Manuel F. , Alarcón Graciela S. , Seet Andrea M. , Izadi Zara , Montgomery Anna D. , Duarte‐García Alí , Gilbert Emily L. , Valenzuela‐Almada Maria O. , Wise Leanna , Sparks Jeffrey A. , Hsu Tiffany Y.‐T. , D'Silva Kristin M. , Patel Naomi J. , Sirotich Emily , Liew Jean W. , Hausmann Jonathan S. , Sufka Paul , Grainger Rebecca , Bhana Suleman , Wallace Zachary , Jacobsohn Lindsay , Strangfeld Anja , Mateus Elsa F. , Hyrich Kimme L. , Gossec Laure , Carmona Loreto , Lawson‐Tovey Saskia , Kearsley‐Fleet Lianne , Schaefer Martin , Machado Pedro M. , Robinson Philip C. , Gianfrancesco Milena , Yazdany Jinoos
Published: October 2022

Objective

To determine the association between race/ethnicity and COVID‐19 outcomes in individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods

Individuals with SLE from the US with data entered into the COVID‐19 Global Rheumatology Alliance registry between March 24, 2020 and August 27, 2021 were included. Variables included age, sex, race, and ethnicity (White, Black, Hispanic, other), comorbidities, disease activity, pandemic time period, glucocorticoid dose, antimalarials, and immunosuppressive drug use. The ordinal outcome categories were: not hospitalized, hospitalized with no oxygenation, hospitalized with any ventilation or oxygenation, and death. We constructed ordinal logistic regression models evaluating the relationship between race/ethnicity and COVID‐19 severity, adjusting for possible confounders.

Results

We included 523 patients; 473 (90.4%) were female and the mean ± SD age was 46.6 ± 14.0 years. A total of 358 patients (74.6%) were not hospitalized; 40 patients (8.3%) were hospitalized without oxygen, 64 patients (13.3%) were hospitalized with any oxygenation, and 18 (3.8%) died. In a multivariable model, Black (odds ratio [OR] 2.73 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.36–5.53]) and Hispanic (OR 2.76 [95% CI 1.34–5.69]) individuals had higher odds of more severe outcomes than White individuals.

Conclusion

Black and Hispanic individuals with SLE experienced more severe COVID‐19 outcomes, which is consistent with findings in the US general population. These results likely reflect socioeconomic and health disparities and suggest that more aggressive efforts are needed to prevent and treat infection in this population.
Report documents significant gaps across Oregon's SUD service system
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: October 2022

Oregon officials would have to double the current availability of services in order to do an adequate job of meeting the needs of state residents with substance use disorders (SUDs), suggests a gap analysis conducted by the Oregon Health & Science University–Portland State University School of Public Health (OHSU‐PSU School of Public Health). The analysis, covering the one‐year period from September 2021 to last month, found that even the harm reduction services that have been prioritized in Oregon since voters’ 2020 approval of Measure 110 are falling short, with a 58% gap in the availability of syringe service programs statewide.
NAADAC conference brings together leaders
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: October 2022

Last week's conference of NAADAC, the Association for Addiction Professionals (NAADAC) in Indianapolis was also an occasion to celebrate the organization's 50th anniversary. Future events include the 50th Anniversary Cruise to the Mexican Riviera on February 12‐19, 2023. Participants will travel to Cabo San Lucas and Puerto Vallarta from Los Angeles on the Norwegian “Joy” with NAADAC leadership, trainers, and other NAADAC members. Earn up to 18.5 CEs during six days of training sessions and networking. For more information, go to https://www.naadac.org/naadac‐conferences.
Dynamically Crosslinked Poly(ethylene‐glycol) Hydrogels Reveal a Critical Role of Viscoelasticity in Modulating Glioblastoma Fates and Drug Responses in 3D
Authors: Sinha Sauradeep , Ayushman Manish , Tong Xinming , Yang Fan
Published: October 2022

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most prevalent and aggressive brain tumor in adults. Hydrogels have been employed as 3D in vitro culture models to elucidate how matrix cues such as stiffness and degradation drive GBM progression and drug responses. Recently, viscoelasticity has been identified as an important niche cue in regulating stem cell differentiation and morphogenesis in 3D. Brain is a viscoelastic tissue, yet how viscoelasticity modulates GBM fate and drug response remains largely unknown. Using dynamic hydrazone crosslinking chemistry, a poly(ethylene‐glycol)‐based hydrogel system with brain‐mimicking stiffness and tunable stress relaxation is reported to interrogate the role of viscoelasticity on GBM fates in 3D. The hydrogel design allows tuning stress relaxation without changing stiffness, biochemical ligand density, or diffusion. The results reveal that increasing stress relaxation promotes invasive GBM behavior, such as cell spreading, migration, and GBM stem‐like cell marker expression. Furthermore, increasing stress relaxation enhances GBM proliferation and drug sensitivity. Stress‐relaxation induced changes on GBM fates and drug response are found to be mediated through the cytoskeleton and transient receptor potential vanilloid‐type 4. These results highlight the importance of incorporating viscoelasticity into 3D in vitro GBM models and provide novel insights into how viscoelasticity modulates GBM cell fates.
Photoresponsive Supramolecular Polymers: From Light‐Controlled Small Molecules to Smart Materials
Authors: Xu Fan , Feringa Ben L.
Published: October 2022

Photoresponsive supramolecular polymers are well‐organized assemblies based on highly oriented and reversible noncovalent interactions containing photosensitive molecules as (co‐)monomers. They have attracted increasing interest in smart materials and dynamic systems with precisely controllable functions, such as light‐driven soft actuators, photoresponsive fluorescent anticounterfeiting and light‐triggered electronic devices. The present review discusses light‐activated molecules used in photoresponsive supramolecular polymers with their main photo‐induced changes, e.g., geometry, dipole moment, and chirality. Based on these distinct changes, supramolecular polymers formed by light‐activated molecules exhibit photoresponsive disassembly and reassembly. As a consequence, photo‐induced supramolecular polymerization, “depolymerization,” and regulation of the lengths and topologies are observed. Moreover, the light‐controlled functions of supramolecular polymers, such as actuation, emission, and chirality transfer along length scales, are highlighted. Furthermore, a perspective on challenges and future opportunities is presented. Besides the challenge of moving from harmful UV light to visible/near IR light avoiding fatigue, and enabling biomedical applications, future opportunities include light‐controlled supramolecular actuators with helical motion, light‐modulated information transmission, optically recyclable materials, and multi‐stimuli‐responsive supramolecular systems.
Direct Observation of Self‐Hybridized Exciton‐Polaritons and Their Valley Polarizations in a Bare WS2 Layer
Authors: Shin Dong‐Jin , Cho HyunHee , Sung Junghyun , Gong Su‐Hyun
Published: October 2022

The strong excitonic properties of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) have led to the successful demonstration of exciton‐polaritons (EPs) in various optical cavity structures. Recently, self‐hybridized EPs have been discovered in a bare TMD layer, but experimental investigation is still lacking because of their nonradiative nature. Herein, the direct observation of self‐hybridized EPs in a bare multilayer WS2 via the evanescent field coupling technique is reported. Because of the thickness‐dependent Rabi splitting energy, the dispersion curves of the EPs change sensitively with sample thickness. Moreover, continuous tuning of EP dispersion curves is demonstrated by controlling the excitation laser power. Lastly, it is observed that guided EPs retain valley polarization up to 0.2 at room temperature, representing a valley‐preserved strong coupling regime. It is believed that the high tunability and valley polarization properties of the guided EPs in bare TMD layers can facilitate new nanophotonic and valleytronic applications.
The dynamic nature of poverty and food insecurity among older adults: Evidence from the Health and Retirement Study
Authors: Mudrazija Stipica , Butrica Barbara A.
Published: October 2022

Using data from the Health and Retirement Study, this paper examines the dynamics of food insecurity for older adults over the past two decades and how it relates to different poverty measures. The results show that the Supplemental Poverty Measure predicts the likelihood of food insecurity better than the official poverty measure. Although there is no evidence that the impact of poverty on food insecurity declines with age, we find that the discrepancy between food insecurity and poverty is greater for more recent cohorts. Beyond poverty, various demographic, economic, and health characteristics also determine food insecurity among older adults.
Simulating the impact of crop–livestock interaction on crop performance using DSSAT
Authors: Rai Teerath , Kumar Sandeep , Nleya Thandiwe , Hoogenboom Gerrit
Published: October 2022

An integrated crop–livestock system (ICL) can help with enhancing soil quality and crop productivity, ultimately increasing farm income. Field experiments that evaluated the impact of cover crops (CCs) and grazing on crop productivity have shown mixed results primarily because of a relatively short duration of the crop–livestock system. Dynamic crop models can help to simulate the long‐term impact of soils and crop management on crop yield. The objectives of the current study were to develop a simple simulation methodology for crop–livestock interaction using the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) and to evaluate the performance of CC grazing on maize (Zea mays L.) production. Here, differences in pre‐ and postgrazing dry matter were used to determine the daily biomass consumption by livestock, and the in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of the CCs was used to determine the amount of manure that is being returned to the soil during the grazing period. The data generated from the field experiments were used to calibrate and evaluate the cropping system model (CSM)‐CERES‐Maize of DSSAT. The index of agreement (d) for yield was 0.99 and 0.95, whereas relative root mean squared error (RRMSE) was 4.72 and 0.3% of the observed yield for calibration and evaluation, respectively. The trends in the field data were well represented by the simulated data. The current methodology provides evidence that crop modeling can be used to study ICLs, especially the crop–livestock interactions, by scientists and policy makers to help develop best management practices to increase yield and improve soil health.
Manipulation of clusteroluminescence in carbonyl‐based aliphatic polymers
Authors: Zhang Ziteng , Xiong Zuping , Chu Bo , Zhang Zhiming , Xie Yuan , Wang Lei , Sun Jing Zhi , Zhang Haoke , Zhang Xing‐Hong , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: October 2022

Clusteroluminogens (CLgens), nonconjugated structures with visible luminescence at the clustering state, have recently received remarkable attention due to their great theoretical significance and practical values. In carbonyl‐based aliphatic polymers, (n, π*) transition of carbonyl groups and the through‐space interactions have been demonstrated to play an important role in their clusteroluminescence (CL) properties, but it is still a big challenge to manipulate their CL at the molecular level. In this work, six nonconjugated carbonyl‐based polymers with different heteroatoms and steric hindrances were synthesized, and their photophysical properties were systematically studied. These polymers all showed CL but with different emission efficiency and wavelength. Experimental and theoretical studies indicated that the CL properties could be manipulated by changing the electronic structures of carbonyl groups and the rigidity of polymer chains. This work not only gains further insights into the CL mechanism but also provides reliable strategies to design and manipulate non‐conjugated luminescent materials.
Cerebrospinal fluid biomarker panel of synaptic dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders
Authors: Nilsson Johanna , Cousins Katheryn A.Q. , Gobom Johan , Portelius Erik , Chen‐Plotkin Alice , Shaw Leslie M. , Grossman Murray , Irwin David J. , Trojanowski John Q. , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Brinkmalm Ann
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Synaptic degeneration is a key part of the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases, and biomarkers reflecting the pathological alterations are greatly needed.

Method

Seventeen synaptic proteins were quantified in a pathology‐confirmed cerebrospinal fluid cohort of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD; n = 63), frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD; n = 53), and Lewy body spectrum of disorders (LBD; n = 21), as well as healthy controls (HC; n = 48).

Results

Comparisons revealed four distinct patterns: markers decreased across all neurodegenerative conditions compared to HC (the neuronal pentraxins), markers increased across all neurodegenerative conditions (14‐3‐3 zeta/delta), markers selectively increased in AD compared to other neurodegenerative conditions (neurogranin and beta‐synuclein), and markers selectively decreased in LBD and FTLD compared to HC and AD (AP2B1 and syntaxin‐1B).

Discussion

Several of the synaptic proteins may serve as biomarkers for synaptic dysfunction in AD, LBD, and FTLD. Additionally, differential patterns of synaptic protein alterations seem to be present across neurodegenerative diseases.

Highlights

A panel of synaptic proteins were quantified in the cerebrospinal fluid using mass spectrometry.

We compared Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal degeneration, and Lewy body spectrum of disorders.

Pathology was confirmed by autopsy or familial mutations.

We discovered synaptic biomarkers for synaptic degeneration and cognitive decline.

We found differential patterns of synaptic proteins across neurodegenerative diseases.
Dementia with Lewy bodies: Impact of co‐pathologies and implications for clinical trial design
Authors: Toledo Jon B. , Abdelnour Carla , Weil Rimona S. , Ferreira Daniel , Rodriguez‐Porcel Federico , Pilotto Andrea , Wyman‐Chick Kathryn A. , Grothe Michel J. , Kane Joseph P.M. , Taylor Angela , Rongve Arvid , Scholz Sonja , Leverenz James B. , Boeve Bradley F. , Aarsland Dag , McKeith Ian G. , Lewis Simon , Leroi Iracema , Taylor John P. ,   the ISTAART Lewy body dementias Trial Methods Working Group
Published: October 2022

Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is clinically defined by the presence of visual hallucinations, fluctuations, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavioral disorder, and parkinsonism. Neuropathologically, it is characterized by the presence of Lewy pathology. However, neuropathological studies have demonstrated the high prevalence of coexistent Alzheimer's disease, TAR DNA‐binding protein 43 (TDP‐43), and cerebrovascular pathologic cases. Due to their high prevalence and clinical impact on DLB individuals, clinical trials should account for these co‐pathologies in their design and selection and the interpretation of biomarkers values and outcomes. Here we discuss the frequency of the different co‐pathologies in DLB and their cross‐sectional and longitudinal clinical impact. We then evaluate the utility and possible applications of disease‐specific and disease‐nonspecific biomarkers and how co‐pathologies can impact these biomarkers. We propose a framework for integrating multi‐modal biomarker fingerprints and step‐wise selection and assessment of DLB individuals for clinical trials, monitoring target engagement, and interpreting outcomes in the setting of co‐pathologies.
Unusual Scaffold Rearrangement in Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons Driven by Concerted Action of Single Gold Atoms on a Gold Surface
Authors: Mendieta‐Moreno Jesús I. , Mallada Benjamin , de la Torre Bruno , Cadart Timothée , Kotora Martin , Jelínek Pavel
Published: October 2022

Chemical transformation of polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules following different reaction strategies has always been the focus of organic synthesis. In this work, we report the synthesis of a PAH molecule, formation of which consists of an unusual C−C bond cleavage accompanied by a complex π‐conjugated molecular scaffold rearrangement. We demonstrate that the complex chemical transformation is steered by concerted motion of individual Au0 gold atoms on a supporting Au(111) surface. This observation underpins the importance of single‐atom catalysis mediated by adatoms in on‐surface synthesis as well as catalytic activity of single Au0 atoms facilitating cleavage of covalent carbon bonds.
Beads‐milling of waste Si sawdust into micro‐flakes and applied in UV‐curable polystyrene composites for anticorrosion coatings
Authors: Lan Yun‐Xiang , Yan Minsi , Yu Hsin‐Kai , Li Min‐Xue , Yeh Jui‐Ming
Published: October 2022

In this study, the waste Si sawdust (WSS) obtained from the silicon wafer sawing process was applied in polymer composite for anticorrosion application for the first time. The WSS powder was processed through a beads‐milling (BM) procedure using Zr beads. Subsequently, WSS‐based polystyrene (PS) composite coatings were prepared by photo‐polymerization of styrene monomers in the presence of a specific amount of WSS powder with UV radiation. The as‐prepared WSS‐based PS composite coatings were subsequently investigated and characterized by a series of tests. Anticorrosion performance of sample‐coated cold‐rolled steel (CRS) electrodes were investigated by a series of electrochemical corrosion measurements (e.g., Tafel, Nyquist, and Bode plots) in saline conditions. Gas permeability analysis (GPA) study of these membranes were also determined to support the anticorrosion data of coatings. It should be noted that the WSS‐based PS composite coatings were all found to exhibit better corrosion resistance than that of neat PS. Moreover, the composite coating with higher loading of WSS was found to show better anticorrosion performance than of lower loading of WSS. This may be attributed to the dispersion of WSS particles in PS can effectively prolong the diffusion path of corrosive factors, as evidenced by the corresponding GPA results.
Endocasts of the basal sauropsid Captorhinus reveal unexpected neurological diversity in early reptiles
Authors: Bazzana Kayla D. , Evans David C. , Bevitt Joseph J. , Reisz Robert R.
Published: October 2022

Captorhinids are a group of Paleozoic amniotes that represents one of the earliest‐diverging clades of eureptiles. Although captorhinids are one of the best‐known and most well‐studied clades of early amniotes, their palaeoneuroanatomy has gone largely unexamined. We utilized neutron computed tomography to study the virtual cranial and otic endocasts of two captorhinid specimens. The neurosensory anatomy of captorhinids shows a mixture of traits considered plesiomorphic for sauropsids (no expansions of the cerebrum or olfactory bulbs, low degree of encephalization, low ossification of the otic capsule) and those considered more derived, including moderate cephalic and pontine flexures and a dorsoventrally tall bony labyrinth. The inner ear clearly preserves the elliptical, sub‐orthogonal canals and the short, rounded vestibule, along with an unusually enlarged lateral canal and a unique curvature of the posterior canal. The reconstructed neurosensory anatomy indicates that captorhinids were sensitive to slightly higher frequencies than many of their contemporaries, likely reflecting differences in body size across taxa, while the morphology of the maxillary canal suggests a simple, tubular condition as the plesiomorphic state for Sauropsida and contributes to the ongoing discussions regarding the phylogenetic placement of varanopids. This study represents the first detailed tomographic study of the brain and inner ear of any basal eureptile. The new data described here reveal that the neuroanatomy of early sauropsids is far more complex and diverse than previously anticipated, and provide impetus for further exploration of the palaeoneuroanatomy of early amniotes.
Clinical outcomes of temporal bone squamous cell carcinoma: A single‐institution experience
Authors: Zheng Yongbo , Qiu Ke , Fu Yangju , Yang Wenjie , Cheng Danni , Rao Yufang , Mao Minzi , Song Yao , Xu Wei , Ren Jianjun , Zhao Yu
Published: October 2022

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the survival outcomes and potential prognostic factors of patients with temporal bone squamous cell carcinoma (TBSCC) treated at our institution.

Methods

We retrospectively included patients who were diagnosed with TBSCC between 2008 and 2019. The Kaplan–Meier (KM) method was used to describe overall survival (OS), and the association between baseline characteristics and prognoses was examined using Cox proportional hazards models.

Results

Fifty consecutive patients with TBSCC were included in this study. The results showed that patients with advanced modified Pittsburgh (MPB)‐ T classifications had a poorer prognosis (T3 vs. T1‐2: HR: 2.81, 95% CI: 0.34–23.43; T4 vs. T1‐2: HR: 7.25, 95% CI: 0.95–55.41; p = 0.041). Meanwhile, middle ear squamous cell carcinoma (MESCC) showed a significantly worse prognosis than external auditory canal squamous cell carcinoma (EACSCC, HR: 2.65, 95% CI: 1.04–6.76, p = 0.04).

Conclusions

MESCC and advanced MPB‐T classifications might be considered predictors of unfavorable outcomes in patients with TBSCC, indicating that special attention should be paid to the original tumor subsite and tumor extension in the management of patients with TBSCC.
A pyroptosis‐related lncRNA signature in bladder cancer
Authors: Wang Peng , Wang Zhiqiang , Zhu Liping , Sun Yilan , Castellano Leandro , Stebbing Justin , Yu Zhentao , Peng Ling
Published: October 2022

Purpose

Pyroptosis, a type of programmed cell death, is implicated in the tumorigenesis, development and migration of cancer, which can be regulated by long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Our research aimed to investigate the prognostic role of pyroptosis‐related lncRNAs and the relationship to the tumor immune microenvironment through bioinformatics analysis.

Methods

The clinical and RNA‐sequencing data of bladder cancer patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). And 412 bladder cancer subjects with clinical information were divided into training and testing cohort. And 52 reported pyroptosis‐related genes were used to screen pyroptosis‐related lncRNAs. A pyroptosis‐related lncRNA signature was constructed based on Cox regression analyses.

Results

A 9‐pyroptosis‐related‐lncRNA signature was identified to separate patients with bladder cancer into two groups. The prognosis of bladder cancer patients in the high‐risk group was significantly inferior compared with those in the low‐risk group. Risk scores were validated to develop an independent prognostic indicator based on multivariate Cox regression analysis. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis examined the signature on overall survival. The area under time‐dependent ROC curve (AUC) at 1‐, 3, and 5‐years measured 0.747, 0.783, and 0.768, respectively. Analysis of the immune landscape and PD‐L1 expression showed that PD‐L1 is upregulated in the high‐risk group. The immunocyte subtypes of the two groups were different.

Conclusion

A novel pyroptosis‐related lncRNA signature was identified with prognostic value for bladder cancer patients. Pyroptosis‐related lncRNAs have a potential role in cancer immunology and may serve as prognostic or therapeutic targets.