bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The comparative study of antimicrobial activities of the composite mixture of

Gongronema

latifolium and

Pterocarpus

Soyauxii on

Bacillus

cereusand

Escherichia

coli
Authors: Michael Victor
Published: August 2022

The antimicrobial activity of the composite mixture of crude, cold water, hot water, and hot ethanolic extracts of the leaves of
Gongronem

latifolium and
Pterocarpus

soyauxii on
Bacillus

cereus and
Escherichia

coli were comparatively studied.

Extract of the two plants show no activity against the test organisms except for the hot ethanolic extracts which were active against the organisms with mean maximum inhibitory zone of 4.67mm and 2mm at 80% concentration of
Pterocarpus

soyauxii on
Bacillus

cereus sand
Echerichia

coli respectively while 1.8mm and 2mm at 100% concentration of
Gongrenema

latifoium on both
Bacillus

cereus and
Escherichia

coli. The activities of the composite mixture of the plants at these concentrations were 3.17mm for
bacillus

cereus and 1.83mm for
Escherichia

coli. The results obtained indicated that the composite mixture of the plants were antagonistic on
Bacillus

cereus while showing indifference on
Escherichia

coli.
Produccin cientfica de la Universidad de Ciencias Mdicas de La Habana en revistas estudiantiles cubanas
Authors: Piñera-Castro Hector Julio , Ruiz-González Lisandra Aimé
Published: August 2022

Introducción: Se desconocen las características de la ciencia generada por la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana, publicada en revistas científicas estudiantiles nacionales. Los estudios métricos constituyen herramientas idóneas para abordar problemáticas de esta naturaleza.
Objetivo: Caracterizar la producción científica de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana en revistas estudiantiles cubanas.
Métodos: Se realizó un estudio métrico descriptivo y transversal de 121 artículos publicados en 12 revistas entre 2017 y 2021. El análisis estadístico fue descriptivo.
Resultados: Los artículos alcanzaron 149 citas y 65,8 citas corregidas. Hubo un alto índice de Subramanyan (0,76) y un bajo índice de colaboración entre facultades (0,16). Se registraron 207 autores, dos de ellos fueron líderes. Predominaron los artículos originales (38,8 %).
HolCien ostentó el mayor índice de Price (0,87), mientras que
16 de Abril y
Universidad Médica Pinareña lideraron, respectivamente, en cuanto a número de citas (71) y de citas corregidas (32,5). La Facultad “Manuel Fajardo” fue la más productiva (n = 29), y la Facultad “Calixto García” fue la más citada (54 citas). En 2020 se alcanzó el mayor número de publicaciones (n = 51) y de citas (88), probablemente como consecuencia de la COVID-19, que constituyó el principal foco emergente de investigación.
Conclusiones: La producción se caracterizó por ser baja, mostrar una tendencia al ascenso cuantitativo, ostentar altos índices de coautoría y originalidad científica, y contar con autores líderes. Fue débil en cuanto a la colaboración entre facultades, la publicación en inglés y la actualización de las referencias.
Analysis of the relationship between the response to methotrexate therapy and its pharmacokinetic parameters in rheumatoid arthritis. Sovremennaya Revmatologiya
Authors: Gridneva G. I. , Muravyov Yu. V. , Glukhova S. I. , Aronova E. S. , Samarkina E. Yu. , Baimeeva N. V.
Published: August 2022

The development of therapeutic drug monitoring of methotrexate (MT) remains an important and unresolved problem.

Objective: to study the dynamics of the concentration of MT metabolites in groups of patients with different responses to MT therapy, to identify the clinical features of these groups.

Patients and methods. The study included 79 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), including 65 (82%) women and 14 (18%) men (mean age 53±11 years). MT monoglutamate was measured in erythrocytes (ER) and mononuclear cells (MO), as well as the main MT metabolites: polyglutamates with 2, 3 and 4 glutamate residues (MTPG2-4), as well as 7-hydroxymethotrexate (7-OH-MT) after 4, 12, 24 and 36 weeks after the start of MT treatment.

Results and discussion. Among the patients who completed the 24-week follow-up, 34 responded to MT therapy (Group 1) and 36 did not respond to it (Group 2). Patients of the two groups did not differ in the concentration of various metabolites of MT after 4 weeks, age, body mass index, duration of RA, DAS28 value, radiological stage, functional class, presence of extra-articular manifestations, single and cumulative doses of MT. In the 1st group after 12 weeks of therapy, a higher concentration of 7-OH-MT (ER) was detected, after 24 weeks – a higher concentration of 7-OH-MT (MO) and a lower level of MTPH3 (ER).

Conclusion. The concentration of 7-OH-MT after 12 and 24 weeks of therapy was higher in the group of patients who responded to therapy. 7-OH-MT appears to be a more persistent metabolite of MT and therefore more applicable for therapeutic drug monitoring of MT. The level of MT and its metabolites (MT monoglutamate, MTPG2 and 7-OH-MT) gradually decreases over time in responders to therapy. A 7-OH-MT concentration of 14.5 nmol/l may be a predictor of a good response to MT therapy.
Online rheumatology school as an alternative to traditional educational technologies for patients
Authors: Teplyakova O. V. , Poletaeva N. B. , Sarapulova A. V.
Published: August 2022

During the COVID-19 pandemic, many patients with rheumatic diseases were left without specialized care and information support, however, the current level of digitalization makes it possible to transfer the training and education of patients and their relatives to an online format. Objective: to analyze the experience of holding a rheumatological school in an online format as a method of improving the medical literacy of the population.Patients and methods. A cross-sectional study was performed by voluntary anonymous questioning of 157 patients who, from September 2020 to November 2021, took part in the online school on rheumatology held at the Clinical Rheumatology Center "New Hospital" (Yekaterinburg). All patients filled out an online questionnaire that included 15 questions related to age, place of residence, motivation of students, sources of information about the school, assessment of the form and content of lectures, quality and novelty of the information provided, and degree of doctor’s credibility.Results and discussion. Analysis of the results of the survey demonstrated the interest of patients in obtaining high-quality medical information on rheumatology problems, a positive assessment of the format and content of the online school, its positive role in clarifying the essence of the disease and related problems.Conclusion. Online schools for patients seem to be a relevant and promising area of medical prevention.
Juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: results of an open single-center retrospective study
Authors: Kaleda M. I. , Nikishina I. P. , Salugina S. O. , Fedorov E. S. , Arsenyeva S. V. , Shapovalenko A. N. , Pachkoria T. N. , Matkava V. G.
Published: August 2022

Juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (JIIM) are rare diseases in which the prognosis is largely determined by timely diagnosis, timing of prescription and effectiveness of therapy.Objective: to characterize the clinical phenotypes, the results of paraclinical examination methods, the spectrum of autoantibodies, as well as therapeutic options in patients with JIIM.Patients and methods. The retrospective study included 37 patients with JIIM hospitalized in the pediatric department of the V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology from 2016 to 2020. All patients underwent a standard clinical and laboratory-instrumental examination in accordance with the diagnosis and severity of the condition.Results and discussion. Twenty-three of the 37 JIIM patients had juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM), 1 had polymyositis, and 13 had overlap-myositis (OM). The ratio of boys and girls was 1:1.7. The median age of onset for JDM was 6.9 years, and OM was 11.3 years. All patients had skeletal muscles involvement, dysphagia was detected in 52.2% of cases of JDM and in 15.4% of cases of OM. An increase in the level of creatine phosphokinase at the time of diagnosis was observed in 72.9% of patients, of lactate dehydrogenase – in 81.1%, of alanine aminotransferase - in 67.6%, of aspartate aminotransferase – in 75.7%. Heliotrope rash and/or Gottron's syndrome were observed in 100% of patients with JDM and in 30.8% with OM. Lung involvement was found in 27% of children. The myopathic capillaroscopic changes were present in 95.2% of patients with JDM and 53.8% with OM. Myositis-specific autoantibodies were found in 10.8% of patients with JIIM.All patients received glucocorticoids, 81.0% methotrexate, 18.9% hydroxychloroquine, 8.1% cyclophosphamide, 8.1% cyclosporine, 2.7% mycophenolate mofetil, 2.7% azathioprine, 67.6% - intravenous immunoglobulin. Biologic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) were prescribed to 26% of patients with JDM and to all patients with OM (only in 51.3% of cases with JIIM). The median duration of illness before initiation of bDMARDs therapy was 2.25 years. 58.8% of patients were treated with rituximab (RTM), 41.2% with abatacept (ABA). In 1 patient with OM, represented by a combination of systemic lupus erythematosus and JDM, three bDMARDs were used sequentially: ABA, etanercept and RTM. All patients achieved inactive disease status.Conclusion. JDM is the most common phenotype of JIIM, which is characterized by an earlier age of onset, skin involvement that precedes the development of myopathy, and typical capillaroscopic changes. The conclusion was made about the high efficacy and acceptable safety profile of bDMARDs therapy in children with JIIM, with careful monitoring of its tolerability. bDMARDs can be prescribed even in the early stages of the disease in the presence of unfavorable prognostic factors.
Evidence-based therapy for knee osteoarthritis: expected short-, medium-, and long-term outcomes of prescription crystalline glucosamine sulfate administration
Authors: Denisov L. N. , Alekseeva L. I. , Zotkin E. G. , Dydykina I. S. , Lila A. M. , Rodionova S. S. , Kochish A. Yu. , Trofimov E. A. , Yakupov E. Z. , Yakupova S. P. , Eliseeva L. N.
Published: August 2022

The need for effective drugs for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (OA) is constantly growing. Current guidelines recommend the use of symptomatic slow acting drugs for osteoarthritis (SYSADOA) such as glucosamine (GCA) in this disease. Among various drugs containing GCA, high bioavailability and clinical efficacy have been shown only for prescription crystalline GCA sulfate (pGCAS) administration. Several meta-analyses and network meta-analyses have shown that efficacy of pGCAS 1500 mg once daily is superior to other GCA-based products (such as GCA hydrochloride with or without sodium sulfate) and the combination of GCA with chondroitin sulfate (CS) in terms of reducing the intensity of pain and improving the functional state. These studies confirmed the favorable safety profile of pGCAS, which was comparable to placebo in the incidence of adverse events. Pharmacoeconomic studies have also demonstrated greater cost-effectiveness of pGCAS compared to other GCA drugs.A group of Russian experts at a meeting of the advisory committee reviewed the evidence in favor of the use of pGCAS and evidence of its effectiveness in the treatment of knee OA in comparison with other products that include GCA, and the fixed combination of GCA with CS. Taking into account the results obtained, the use of pGCAS at a dose of 1500 mg once a day is recommended as a rational choice for the treatment of knee OA.
Machine learning-based approach for designing and implementing a collaborative fraud detection model through CDR and traffic analysis
Authors: DEUSSOM DJOMADJI Eric Michel , MATEMTSAP MBOU Bequerelle , TCHAGNA KOUANOU Aurelle , EKONDE SONE Michael , BAYONBOG Parfait
Published: August 2022

Fraud in telecommunications networks is a constantly growing phenomenon that causes enormous financial losses for both the individual user and the telecommunications operators. We can denote many researchers who have proposed various approaches to provide a solution to this problem, but still need to be improve to ensure the efficiency. Detecting fraud is difficult and, it's no surprise that many frauds schemes have serious limitations. Different types of fraud may require different systems, each with different procedures, parameter adjustments, database interfaces, and case management tools and capabilities. This article uses the K-Means algorithm to handle fraud detection based on Call Detail Record (CDR) and traffic analysis in a telecommunication industry. Our algorithm consists to compare traffic and CDR generated in the network and check if there is abnormal behavior and if yes, our model is used to confirm if users suspecting of fraud are really fraudster or not. To build our model we used real word CDR data collected in November 2021. Our model associates the Differential Privacy model to encrypt users' personal information, and the k-means algorithm to group users into different clusters. Those clusters represent non fraud users having similar characteristics based on criteria used to build the model. Users having abnormal behavior that can be assimilated to fraudsters are those who are far from the different clusters center. Thanks to a representation in a plan, we better visualize user’s behavior. We validated our model by evaluating our segmentation method. The interpretation of the results shows sufficiently that our approach allows to obtain better results. Our approach can be used by all telecommunications operator to reduce the impact of fraud on internet services.
Rezeption ins Zentrum stellen
Authors: Hetjens Dominik
Published: August 2022

Sprach- und Medienwandel der letzten Jahrzehnte haben nicht nur bewirkt, dass sich die Kommunikationsverhalten mancher sozialer Gruppen stark unterscheiden, heutige Schüler:innen haben dafür auch ein Bewusstsein, das in ihrer Alltagserfahrung fußt. Daran kann eine Didaktik anschließen, die historisches Rezeptionsverhalten stärker zum Gegenstand von Schulunterricht macht und betont, wie Texte wahrgenommen wurden und welche Bezüge zur Sprachkultur der Zeit bestanden, die ein kaum behandeltes Unterrichtsthema darstellt. Dies ermöglicht es nicht nur, sprachlichen Wandel und dessen Bedeutung zu erläutern, sondern fördert auch ein Bewusstsein für die Relevanz historischer Texte, Bildungsplantransparenz und kritische Mediennutzung. Der Beitrag erforscht die Möglichkeiten einer solchen didaktischen Ausrichtung in Bezug auf exemplarische Lehrpläne und Schulbücher. Er schließt in dem Vorschlag, verschiedene Rezeptionsebenen zu Leitkonzepten und konkreten Unterrichtsthemen zu machen, was eine stärkere linguistische Informierung des Schulunterrichts fordern würde.
„unsere sprache tut enorm verarmen [...] dadurch dass wir viele anglizismen übernehmen“ – Norminstanzen von Schüler:innen und Lehrer:innen im deutschsprachigen Raum
Authors: Palliwoda Nicole , Sauer Verena
Published: August 2022

An welchen Instanzen, Modellsprecher:innen oder Personen orientieren sich Lehrer:innen und Schüler:innen, wenn sierichtigesDeutsch schreiben und sprechen wollen? Diese Frage wird im Rahmen einer qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse von 93 Interviews mit Gymnasiast:innen sowie deren Lehrer:innen beantwortet. Die Datengrundlage bilden Befragungen, welche im Rahmen des DFG-ProjektsDer deutsche Sprachraum aus Sicht linguistischer Laien – Wahrnehmungsdialektologische Grundlagenforschung und die Rekonstruktion von Laienkonzeptualisierungendurchgeführt wurden (vgl. Hundt, Palliwoda & Schröder 2017). Der Fragenkomplex zur ThematikGutes Deutsch(vgl. hierzu auch Beuge 2019) wird im letzten Abschnitt der Befragung aufgegriffen. Der vorliegende Beitrag geht auf diese Thematik ein und beleuchtet insbesondere die Antworten der Gewährspersonen (GPen) zu den Norminstanzen. Dabei werden zunächst alle Norminstanzen herausgearbeitet, auf die sich die Befragten beziehen und im Anschluss auf die unabhängigen sozialen Variablen (Alter,Geschlecht,Herkunft) hin überprüft. Aufgrund des unterschiedlichen Erfahrungs- und Alltagswissens sowie der spezifischen Lebensumstände der beiden Proband:innengruppen lassen sich zum Teil Unterschiede bzgl. der Vorstellungen zu den normkonstituierenden Instanzen ermitteln.
Eclampsia a preventable tragedy: an African overview
Authors: Aliyu Labaran Dayyabu , Kadas Abubakar Saidu , Abdulsalam Mohammed , Abdulllahi Hauwa Musa , Farouk Zubaida , Usman Fatima , Attah Raphael Avidime , Yusuf Murtala , Magashi Mahmoud Kawu , Miko Mustapha
Published: August 2022

Eclampsia is a multisystemic disease associated with various complications which individually or in combination can lead to maternal/fetal morbidity and mortality. Developed countries and some developing countries were largely successful in reducing the incidence of eclampsia. Developing countries especially those in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are still dealing with high incidence of eclampsia. The question is why have the incidence and mortality of eclampsia remained high in SSA? The risk factors for this disease are globally the same but a critical assessment showed that there are certain risk factors that are common in Sub-Saharan Africa (multiple pregnancy, sickle cell disease, pregnancies at the extremes of reproductive age, pre-existing vasculitis). In addition, there are compounding factors (illiteracy, poverty, superstitious beliefs, poor prenatal care services, poorly trained manpower and lack of facilities to cater for patients). Addressing the menace of this disease require a holistic approach which among others, includes education to address beliefs and reduce harmful practices, poverty alleviation which will improve the ability for communities to afford health care services. Improving transport services to convey patients quickly to facilities on time when there is need. Improving the health infrastructure, building more facilities, providing trained and motivated manpower and regular supply of quality essential drugs for the management of the disease. This review is meant to analyze factors prevalent in Sub-Saharan that hinder reducing incidence of the disease and provide comprehensive and cost-effective solutions.
Mostar index of graphs associated to groups
Authors: Rehman Masood Ur , Salman Muhammad , Khan Sheraz , Maden Ayse Dilek , Ali Faisal
Published: August 2022

A bond-additive connectivity index, named as the Mostar index, is used to measure the amount of peripheral edges of a simple connected graph, where a peripheral edge in a graph is an edge whose one end vertex has more number of vertices closer as compared to the other end vertex. In this study, we count the contribution of peripheral edges in commuting, non-commuting, and non-conjugate graphs associated to the dihedral and semi-dihedral groups. In fact, we compute the Mostar index of these graphs.
I. Kaiser Friedrich II. und sein Versuch,die Kardinäle gegen den Papst auszuspielen
Authors: Frenken Ansgar
Published: August 2022

In Reaktion auf die (zweiten) Bannung und der von ihm erwarteten Absetzung durch Papst Gregor IX. versuchte Kaiser Friedrich II. die Stellung der Kardinäle unter Rückgriff auf kontrovers diskutierte Bestimmungen des kanonischen Rechts propagandistisch aufzuwerten. Möglicherweise erhoffte er sich durch die Betonung ihrer Teilnahme an der plenitudo potestatis des Papstes einen mäßigenden Einfluss auf Gregor, vielleicht auch durch sie die Einberufung eines eigentlich dem Papst vorbehaltenen allgemeinen Konzils. Warum es dem Kaiser letztlich jedoch nicht gelang, die Mehrheit der Kardinäle zu einer Gegenposition zum Papst zu bewegen, soll in dieser Studie untersucht werden.
Pfarrliche Vermögensorganisation zwischen Kirche und Staat: Kirchenpflegen (Kirchenfabriken) in Württemberg im 19. und beginnenden 20. Jahrhundert
Authors: Dusil Stephan
Published: August 2022

The Administration of Ecclesiastical Goods between State and Church: Fabricae Ecclesiae in Wuerttemberg in the 19th and 20th centuries. Since the Middle Ages, fabricae ­ecclesiae served to finance the erection and the maintenance of churches. The Church claimed to freely administer these goods, even if lay men often served as administrators. In the 19th century, the Kingdom of Wuerttemberg took over control of these goods and ordered the state municipality, assisted by local clerics, to govern them. In 1887, the king of Wuerttemberg started a process to separate ecclesiastical from secular goods. After WWI, the fabricae ecclesiae in Wuerttemberg were administered entirely by the Catholic Church. This contribution analyses this evolution from three perspectives, namely universal canon law, state law in Wuerttemberg, and particular canon law. It thereby highlights the tension between self-administration and state control of ecclesiastical goods, especially in the 19th century, and points to the fact that even the Catholic Church was part of the secular ruler’s authority over the church.
Freie Kirche im freien Staat. Die Entstehung des österreichischen Protestantengesetzes (1961) zu seinem 60-Jahr-Jubiläum1)
Authors: Schwarz Karl W.
Published: August 2022

“The free church in the free state” is a quotation from the Italian politician Cavour that the Austrian Minister of Culture Drimmel took up when he ushered in a new era of Austrian religious policy in 1954. The situation was complicated because the validity of the Concordat with Rome of 1934 was disputed. It was not until the State Treaty of 1955 that its continued validity under international law was confirmed; its domestic enactment by a rump parliament in 1935 (without Social Democratic deputies) was challenged by the Socialist coalition partner. It was not until 1957 that a solution to the concordat issue could be tackled. This was done by renegotiating partial concordats. At the same time, the Protestant Law was drafted, of which the aforementioned minister could say that it realized best his ideas on religious law. He regretted that it could not be implemented in the form of a church treaty. Constitutional concerns stood in the way because the Protestant Church does not have subjectivity under international law. The article discusses the prehistory of the Protestant Law and analyzes individual provisions of it.
Pushed against the Wall
Authors: Turlubekova Zhaniya
Published: August 2022

This article discusses the continuing influence of Soviet institutional legacies on police corruption in present-day Kazakhstan. Several conclusions are drawn from a qualitative analysis that featured semi-structured interviews with officials, drug entrepreneurs and other relevant actors, participant and nonparticipant observations, and qualitative content analysis of mass media reports and archival data. After Kazakhstan’s most senior political leaders recognized the urgency of anti-corruption reforms, many legal and institutional measures against drug-related corruption were introduced. These measures, however, did not fully produce the anticipated results. Data presented here indicate the causal effects of institutional legacies of the criminal justice system. Inherited from the Soviet era, these institutions continue to provide incentives for corrupt police officers from the Ministry of Internal Affairs to manipulate the legislation against heroin and marijuana trafficking. More importantly, the same informal institutional incentives seem to hinder the enforcement of newly introduced anti-corruption legislation.
Desinicizing Taiwan
Authors: Ho Ming-sho
Published: August 2022

This article examines the historical development of Taiwanese identity from its origins in the era of Japanese colonialism, through postwar authoritarian rule, to its emergence as the driving force behind the island’s democratization. After the Communist takeover of mainland China, Taiwanese identity was an insurgent element challenging the island-based dictatorship of the Nationalists. But in the wake of a successful democratic transition, the indigenous identity became more inclusive and synonymous with the islanders’ decision to embrace democratic and pluralistic values, confronting irredentist threats from the People’s Republic of China to take back the self-governing island by force.
Mammalian adipogenesis regulator (Areg) cells use retinoic acid signalling to be non‐ and anti‐adipogenic in age‐dependent manner
Authors: Zachara Magda , Rainer Pernille Y , Hashimi Horia , Russeil Julie M , Alpern Daniel , Ferrero Radiana , Litovchenko Maria , Deplancke Bart
Published: August 2022

Adipose stem and precursor cells (ASPCs) give rise to adipocytes and determine the composition and plasticity of adipose tissue. Recently, several studies have demonstrated that ASPCs partition into at least three distinct cell subpopulations, including the enigmatic CD142+ cells. An outstanding challenge is to functionally characterise this population, as discrepant properties, from adipogenic to non‐ and anti‐adipogenic, have been reported for these cells. To resolve these phenotypic ambiguities, we characterised mammalian subcutaneous CD142+ ASPCs across various experimental conditions, demonstrating that CD142+ ASPCs exhibit high molecular and phenotypic robustness. Specifically, we find these cells to be firmly non‐ and anti‐adipogenic both in vitro and in vivo, with their inhibitory signals also impacting adipogenic human cells. However, these CD142+ ASPC‐specific properties exhibit surprising temporal phenotypic alterations, and emerge only in an age‐dependent manner. Finally, using multi‐omic and functional assays, we show that the inhibitory nature of these adipogenesis‐regulatory CD142+ ASPCs (Aregs) is driven by specifically expressed secretory factors that cooperate with the retinoic acid signalling pathway to transform the adipogenic state of CD142− ASPCs into a non‐adipogenic, Areg‐like state.
SPICE‐Met: profiling and imaging energy metabolism at the single‐cell level using a fluorescent reporter mouse
Authors: Russo Erica , Lemaître Fabrice , Corre Béatrice , Chikina Aleksandra S , Langa‐Vives Francina , Bousso Philippe
Published: August 2022

The regulation of cellular energy metabolism is central to most physiological and pathophysiological processes. However, most current methods have limited ability to functionally probe metabolic pathways in individual cells. Here, we describe SPICE‐Met (Single‐cell Profiling and Imaging of Cell Energy Metabolism), a method for profiling energy metabolism in single cells using flow cytometry or imaging. We generated a transgenic mouse expressing PercevalHR, a fluorescent reporter for cellular ATP:ADP ratio. Modulation of PercevalHR fluorescence with metabolic inhibitors was used to infer the dependence of energy metabolism on oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis in defined cell populations identified by flow cytometry. We applied SPICE‐Met to analyze T‐cell memory development during vaccination. Finally, we used SPICE‐Met in combination with real‐time imaging to dissect the heterogeneity and plasticity of energy metabolism in single macrophages ex vivo and identify three distinct metabolic patterns. Functional probing of energy metabolism with single‐cell resolution should greatly facilitate the study of immunometabolism at a steady state, during disease pathogenesis or in response to therapy.
FARKLI İÇECEKLERİN ÜNİVERSAL REZİN KOMPOZİTLERİN RENK STABİLİTESİ ve YÜZEY ÖZELLİKLERİNE ETKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: AKGÜL Sinem , GÜNDOĞDU Ceyda , ÇALIŞKAN Zuhal , ÇELİK Ayşenur , BALA Oya
Published: August 2022

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, üniversal rezin kompozitlerin renk stabilitesi ve yüzey özellikleri üzerine yaygın kullanılan içeceklerin etkilerini in vitro olarak incelemektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Üç üniversal rezin kompozit (Omnichroa, Estelite Sigma Quick, Filtek Universal Restorative) ve 3 farklı içecek (kahve, portakal suyu ve kola) incelenmiştir. Distile su kontrol grubunda kullanıldı. Yüzey pürüzlülüğü ve renk stabilitesi değerlendirilmesi için her materyalden her içecek için disk şeklinde örnekler hazırlandı (n=10). Ölçümler polimerizasyondan 24 saat sonra ve içeceklerde bekletme işlem sorasında tekrarlandı. Ayrıca, su emilimi için ISO 4049:2009 standartları doğrultusunda her materyalden 10 tane örnek hazırlandı. Elde edilen veriler istatistiksel olarak tek yönlü varyans analizi, post hoc Tukey testi kullanılarak analiz edildi (p<0.05). Bulgular: Distile su grupları tüm materyallerde en az ΔE00 değerlerini gösterdi. Her materyalde kahvede bekletme sonrası istatististiksel olarak anlamlı bir renk değişimi tespit edildi (p<0.05). İçeceklerin restoratif materyallerin pürüzlülük değerlerinde anlamlı farklılığa yol açmadığı görüldü. Omnichroma’nın tüm içeceklerde diğer restoratif materyallere göre anlamlı derecede yüksek pürüzlülük gösterdiği saptandı (p<0.05). Sonuç: Renklenme estetik restorasyonda önemli bir parametredir. Estetik restoratif materyallerin hem yüzey hem renk özellikleri dış kaynaklı renklendiricilerden etkilenmektedir. Bundan dolayı, hekimler estetik restoratif materyalleri kullandıkları tedavi yaklaşımlarında bu konun bilincinde olmalı ve hastalarını bilgilendirmelidirler.
Comparison of Apical Transportation and Canal Straightening Between Protaper Next, Hyflex, Reciproc and Reciproc Blue Instruments
Authors: TÜRKYILMAZ Ali , ERDOĞAN Deniz , AKBAL DİNÇER Gözde , ERDEMİR Ali
Published: August 2022

Background: The effective bonding of fiber posts which are recommended in the restoration of endodontically treated teeth with excessive coronal damage is of critical importance for the long-term success. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of various irrigation activation protocols on the push-out bond strength of fiber posts in different parts of the post space.Methods: Forty-eight endodontically treated mandibular first premolar teeth were divided into 4 groups according to irrigation protocol (n=12): passive irrigation(PI); manual-dynamic irrigation(MDI); sonic irrigation(SI), ultrasonic irrigation(UI). Fiber posts were bonded with a self-adhesive resin cement. Three transvers sections, were obtained from the coronal, middle, and apical regions of the root, in 2 mm thich each. Push-out bond strength in each section was calculated in MPa using a universal-testing machine. Each sample was examined under a stereomicroscope and failure types were classified as follows: adhesive failure between cement and dentin-Adhesive(C/D); adhesive failure between cement and fiber post-Adhesive(C/F); the combination of both adhesive failure types-mix.Results: The lowest bond strength was obtained for PI group (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the other groups (p>0.05). Coronal region showed higher bond strength than the apical region regardless of test group (p<0.05). While mixed failure was observed dominantly in the MDI, SI and UI groups, PI was the group that showed the adhesive(C/D) failure type in most.Conclusion: After preparing the post space, the use of any of the manual-dynamic, sonic or ultrasonic irrigation activation methods increases the bond strength of fiber posts to root canal dentin compared to passive irrigation. Regardless of the irrigation method applied, the bond strength of the fiber post to the root canal was higher in the coronal region compared to the apical region.
Effect of the use of dental loupe on cavity size after removal of the aged composite resin restorations
Authors: AYAR Muhammet , GÜVENÇ Pınar , WAJNGARTEN Danielle
Published: August 2022

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of removal of artificially aged and non-aged resin composite restorations in-vitro with or without aid of dental loupe on cavity size change.
Methods: A low-speed hand piece was used to prepare occlusal cavities in 32 acrylic molar teeth. The size of cavities after cavity preparation were calculated using ImageJ software. The teeth were restored with composite resin and divided into four groups according to the use of dental loupe (2.5x magnification) (with and without magnification) and ageing effect (non-aged and aged). In order to simulate the ageing effect, samples were kept in boiling water for 8 hours. The effects of artificial ageing on the color and translucency of the resin composites used were also analyzed using spectrophotometer. Cavity sizes after the removal of restorations were re-calculated by using the ImageJ software and differences in cavity sizes were also calculated. Paired t-tests were applied to data (p < 0.05).
Results: There were significant increases in cavity size using both techniques and both type of restorations although the size increase in percentage was less only when magnification was used during removal of non-aged restorations.
Conclusion: Cavity size changes significantly during replacement of restorations and the use of magnification may be not of benefit in reducing the size of the change of removal of aged resin composite restorations.
Dental Students’ Anxiety Level, Awareness of Dental Anxiety, and Attitudes in Treating Patients with Dental Anxiety
Authors: AYKOL ŞAHİN Gökçe , ÖZDEN Zeynep Tuğçe , ALTAN KÖRAN Serpil Melek
Published: August 2022

Background: Successful treatment of patients with dental anxiety requires particular attitudes and knowledge. Dentists who have severe stress, inadequate knowledge, or less sensitivity to anxious patients may affect the success of the treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the general anxiety level and occupational perceptions of the final-year dental students and their attitudes to and knowledge level about anxious patients.Methods: The anxiety levels of the dental students were assessed by the Beck Anxiety Inventory. A questionnaire that evaluated professional perceptions, dental anxiety awareness, attitude, and knowledge level was conducted. The answers between the groups were compared, and differences were assessed statistically.Results: One hundred fifty-nine final-year dental students answered the questionnaire. No statistical difference was found between the anxiety levels of the students. 69,2% of students agreed that patients evaluate dentists with their style or behavior rather than their perceived technical competence. Female students and the students with adverse patient experiences perceived dentistry as a more stressful profession (respectively p=0,001, p=0,003). 39,6% of students had never taken a course related to dental anxiety. 25,8% of students thought that there is a relationship between dental anxiety and wound healing, and 37,1% of students thought that dental anxiety aggravates the inflammatory disease.Conclusion: The final-year dental students need more training in managing their stress and increasing their knowledge about anxious patients. There is a need for further studies involving dental anxiety management strategies with a higher number of dental students or dentists.
ÇOCUK DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİNDE GÜMÜŞ DİAMİN FLORÜR KULLANIMI
Authors: UÇAR Zeynep , AKYILDIZ Bahar Melis
Published: August 2022

Öz:
Gümüş diamin florür (GDF); diamin gümüş iyonu ve florür iyonundan oluşan renksiz ve topikal olarak uygulanabilen alkalen bir çözeltidir. Gümüş iyonlarının antibakteriyel özelliği ile florun çürük önleyici etkileri birleştirilerek Japonya’da 1969’ların sonunda GDF geliştirilmiştir. 2014 yılında ise Amerikan Gıda ve İlaç Dairesi (U.S Food and Drug Administration, FDA) tarafından diş hassasiyeti tedavisi için onaylanmıştır. Ancak son zamanlarda anti-karyojenik özellikleri ve dental plak biyofilminin büyümesini inhibe etmesi nedeniyle çürük kontrolünde kullanılmaktadır.
GDF içerisindeki gümüş (Ag) iyonları, Streptokok mutans’ın büyümesini inhibe etmekte ve dental plaktaki S.mutans’ın metabolik aktivitesini azaltmaktadır. GDF içerisindeki flor iyonları ise çürüğün ilerlemesini önlemektedir. Gümüş ve florun sinerjistik etkileri ile çürük sürecinin durdurulabileceği ve yeni lezyon gelişiminin önlenebileceği ileri sürülmüştür. Amerikan Pediatrik Diş Hekimleri Birliği; özel sağlık bakım ihtiyacı olan çocuklar da dahil olmak üzere çocuk ve ergenlerde çürük yönetimi için GDF kullanımını tavsiye etmektedir.Bu derlemenin amacı; gümüş diamin florürün özellikle çürük riski yüksek çocuklarda ve tedavi imkanının kısıtlı olduğu durumlarda restoratif materyallere alternatif olarak daha yaygın olarak kullanılmasını sağlamaktır.
Abstract:
Silver diamine fluoride is a colorless and topically applicable alkaline solution consisting of diamine silver ion and fluoride ion. SDF was developed in Japan in the late 1969 by combining the antibacterial properties of silver ions with the caries preventive effects of fluorine ions. In 2014, it was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (U.S. Food and Drug Administration, FDA) for the treatment of tooth sensitivity. However, it has recently been used in the control of dental caries due to its anti-cariogenic properties and inhibition of dental plaque biofilm growth. Silver (Ag) ions in SDF inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans and reduce the metabolic activity of S.mutans in dental plaque. Fluorine ions in SDF prevent the progression of caries.
It has been suggested that the caries process can be stopped and new caries lesion development can be prevented with the synergistic effects of silver and fluorine. The American Association of Pediatric Dentists recommends the use of SDF for caries management in children and adolescents, including children with special health care needs. The aim of this review is to ensure that silver diamine fluoride solution is used more widely as an alternative to restorative materials, especially in children with high caries risk and in cases where treatment possibilities are limited.
MALOKLÜZYONUOLAN OKUL ÖNCESİ ÇOCUKLARDA AĞIZ-DİŞ SAĞLIĞINA BAĞLI YAŞAM KALİTESİNİ ETKİLEYEN KLİNİK, SOSYO-DEMOGRAFİK VE DAVRANIŞSAL FAKTÖRLER
Authors: KASIMOĞLU Yelda , YAVŞAN Zeynep Şeyda , PEKER Kadriye , GÜVEN Yeliz , TUNA Elif
Published: August 2022

Amaç: Bu kesitsel çalışmanın amacı, maloklüzyonu olan okul öncesi çocukların ağız sağlığına bağlı yaşam kalitesini etkileyen sosyo-demografik, klinik ve davranışsal faktörlerin incelenmesidir.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya İstanbul Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Pedodonti Anabilim Dalı Kliniği’ne başvuran 113 çocuk (30-71 ay yaş aralığında) ve ebeveyni dahil edildi. Çalışma verileri, klinik muayeneler ile Erken Çocukluk Çağı Ağız Sağlığı Etki Ölçeği’nin (ECOHIS) Türkçe versiyonu, sosyo-demografik ve davranışsal faktörleri içeren bir anket aracılığı ile toplandı. Verilerin analizinde tanımlayıcı istatistik, Mann-Whitney-U testi, Spearman’ın sıralı korelasyon katsayısı ve çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizi kullanıldı.
Bulgular: İkili analizlerde, çürük ve dolgulu diş sayısı ile ECOHIS-toplam, çocuk ve aile alt boyutları skorları arasında anlamlı pozitif korelasyonlar bulundu. Distal basamak ve derin örtülü kapanış maloklüzyon tipi olan çocuklar ile beslenme dışı emme alışkanlığı olanların ağız sağlığına bağlı yaşam kaliteleri olmayanlara göre daha iyi bulundu. Regresyon analizinde, maloklüzyonla alakalı bir alışkanlığın olması, diş çürüğünün olması ve çocuk yaşının artması çocuğa bağlı yaşam kalitesini azaltan ve toplam varyansın %17,1’ini açıklayan faktörler olarak saptandı.
Sonuç: Çocuklarda periodontal durumun ve maloklüzyon tipinin ağız sağlığına bağlı yaşam kalitesini olumsuz etkilemediği saptandı. Diş çürükleri, dolgulu diş sayısı, parafonksiyonel alışkanlıklar, çocuğun yaşı ve eğitim kurumuna devamı ağız sağlığına bağlı yaşam kalitesini etkileyen önemli belirleyenler olarak tespit edildi.
Prevalence and Characteristics of Supernumerary Premolars in a Non-Syndromic Turkish Children Between 6-18 Years of Age: A Retrospective CBCT Study
Authors: BALLIKAYA Elif , KOÇ Nagihan , KAŞIKCI Merve
Published: August 2022

Background: The prevalence and characteristics of supernumerary premolars in non-syndromic Turkish children between 6-18 years of age was investigated in this retrospective study through CBCT (cone beam computed tomography) analysis.

Methods: CBCT images of 48 patients with at least one supernumerary premolar were evaluated in 1012 images of patients referred between 2015 and 2020. The localization, number, eruption state, shape, the position of supernumerary premolar, concomitant other dental anomalies, associated complications, and the presence of resorption on the nearest adjacent teeth were recorded. The statistical analysis of possible associated factors with resorption was performed by the Chi-square test and Logistic regression.

Results: The prevalence of supernumerary premolars was 4.7%. A total of 107 supernumerary premolars in 48 patients with mean age of 15.02  2.24 were analyzed. Compared to single supernumerary premolar, multiple supernumerary premolars were more prevalent (62.5%). The concomitant dental anomalies such as pulp stones, mesiodens were observed in fifteen patients (31.2%). Most of the supernumerary premolars were impacted, supplemental shaped and vertical position. The most common complication associated with supernumerary premolars was root resorption (56.4%) of neighborhood teeth. Supernumerary premolars with immature roots induced significantly higher resorption percentages than only crown ones (P = 0.002). Also, the root resorption of adjacent teeth due to supernumerary premolars was significantly higher in children over 13 years of age (P < 0.001).

Conclusions: The prevalence and three-dimensional radiographic characteristics of supernumerary premolars in non-syndromic Turkish children offer valuable information to the literature and highlight the possible complications.
When mimetics meets chitosan
Authors: Guo Yilin , Yu Xiaoyan
Published: August 2022

The concept of mimetics can be defined in terms of “learning from others” or “inspired by others”, and indeed its essence is “universal”. A well-known marvelous example of designing materials inspired by nature is human flight. Essentially, everything can be mimicked somehow in this huge world. In this sense, the characteristics of polysaccharides, including chitosan, can shed light on new product development. Owing to the interesting features of chitosan, such as nontoxicity, biodegradability, antibacterial activity, and the puzzling hydrophobic nature of chitosan films, the synthesis of chitosan-mimetic materials represents a promising strategy for developing a diverse group of functional products. The abundant amino and hydroxyl groups of chitosan are the basis for designing different functional materials. It is expected that chitosan-mimetic strategies may potentially address issues or challenges related to the commercial use of chitosan. For example, chitosan functions well as a paper additive (e.g. surface sizing); however, its use is strongly hampered by high cost, poor water-solubility, etc. In this case, chitosan-mimetic products derived from low-cost materials (e.g., starch) may be considered as alternatives to chitosan. Limitless types of products stemming from the interaction between mimetics and chitosan are designable, potentially creating endless opportunities for different industrial sectors.
Production and evaluation of particleboards made of coconut fibers, pine, and eucalyptus using bicomponent polyurethane-castor oil resin
Authors: Bispo Rodrigo Andraus , Trevisan Mariana Ferreira , da Silva Sérgio Augusto Mello , Aquino Vinícius Borges de Moura , Saraiva Raísse Layane de Paula , Arroyo Felipe Nascimento , Molina Julio Cesar , Chahud Eduardo , Branco Luiz Antonio Melgaço Nunes , Panzera Túlio Hallak , Lahr Francisco Antonio Rocco , Christoforo André Luis
Published: August 2022

This research examined the influence of the compositions between coconut fiber (Cocos nucifera) and wood particles (Pinus taeda L. and Eucalyptus saligna) on physico-mechanical properties of homogeneous particleboards. The exploratory study was carried out under Tukey’s contrast test of means, at 5% significance level, with the following compositions: 100% coconut fiber (F100 P0 E0); 50% coconut fiber, 25% pine particles, and 25% eucalyptus particles (F50 P25 E25); and 50% of pine particles and 50% of eucalyptus particles (F0 P50 E50), with particle moisture content between 0% to 2% and 10%, in mass, of polyurethane-castor oil (PU-Castor) resin. Three panels were produced for each composition. The physico-mechanical properties such as density, moisture content, swelling in thickness after 24 h of immersion in water, perpendicular tensile strength, static bending strength, and modulus of elasticity were evaluated using standard methods. The results obtained indicated the potential for using coconut fiber for the production of homogeneous particleboards in view of the minimum criteria required by the normative documents, with emphasis on the physical property of swelling after 24 hours, which obtained a statistically equivalent average relative to the treatment that contained only wood particles.
What Kind of Lithuania are We Fighting for When We Fight for the Lithuanian Freedom Fighters’ Memorial?
Authors: Statulevičiūtė-Kaučikienė Rūta
Published: August 2022

Efforts to build a memorial to Lithuanian freedom fighters in Lukiškės Square in Vilnius have been fruitless for the third decade. During this period, as many as four competitions for artistic ideas were organized, but due to the dissatisfaction of various groups in society, no project was implemented in the square. The article analyzes the 2012-2020 period, which is framed by two state-organized competitions. Applying Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe’s discourse theory, it is aimed to open the very core of the conflict and to explain how and what historical memories of the Lithuanian freedom fighters are articulated by competing discourses consisting of linguistic and non-linguistic practices. Statements of politicians, cultural professionals, and the public in the national media and their modus operandi allow to identify opposite concepts of freedom, state, freedom fighters, monument, and its functions, and to single out the essential trophy of the competing discourses, an idea on which the public sharply disagrees.
The Cost of Diagnosing and Managing Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis in Europe and the United States
Authors: Geier Andreas , Heinz Sabina , Balp Maria-Magdalena , Brass Clifford , Pedrosa Marcos , Cai Jennifer , Hoad Rachel , Sayadian Aram-Christopher , Rinella Mary , Ratziu Vlad
Published: August 2022

Background and Aims: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is acknowledged as a severe disease that is associated with a significant burden on patients, payers, and society. However, limited evidence exists on the cost associated with NASH across different countries. This analysis aims to describe the cost associated with the routine care of patients with NASH in France, Germany, and the United States.

Methods: Data was sourced from the Gesellschaft für Konsumforschung (now Ipsos) Disease Atlas Real- World Evidence program collected from July through November 2017 in France, Germany, and the United States. Country-level unit cost was estimated from national databases for diagnostic tests and procedures, prescription drugs, hospital stays, and outpatient visits in respective local currency based on 2017 values. These were combined to provide an estimate of the cost of management of confirmed NASH in this specific patient population and are presented as mean cost per patient per year for each country in local currency and as USD adjusted for purchasing power parity for comparison.

Results: Annual mean ± standard deviation cost of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis ranged from purchasing power parity USD 1,049±2,461 in Germany to USD 1,723±2,988 in the United States. In all markets, the predominant contributor to cost is healthcare resource use represented by hospitalisation and outpatient visits.

Conclusions: This study reveals that costs associated with NASH treatment and management vary across the three countries studied, in part due to differences in healthcare systems but also due to different approaches in managing this disease. Our analysis represents the costs for a specific cohort of patients and further studies are warranted to better understand the progressive impact of NASH on healthcare systems and society.