bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
40 Hz acoustic stimulation decreases amyloid beta and modulates brain rhythms in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Lee Juho , Ryu Seungjun , Kim Hyun-Ju , Jung Jieun , Lee Boreom , Kim Tae
Published: August 2018

Introduction

The accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) is one of the neuropathologic hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and abnormal gamma band oscillations and brain connectivity have been observed. Recently, a therapeutic potential of gamma entrainment of the brain was reported by Iaccarino et al. However, the affected areas were limited to hippocampus and visual cortex. Therefore, we sought to test the effects of acoustic stimulation in a mouse model of AD.

Methods

Freely moving 6-month-old 5XFAD mice with electroencephalogram (EEG) electrodes were treated with daily two-hour acoustic stimulation at 40Hz for 2 weeks. Aβ and microglia were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and ELISA. Evoked and spontaneous gamma power were analyzed by wavelet analysis. Coherence, phase locking value (PLV), and cross-frequency coupling were analyzed.

Results

The number of Aβ plaques decreased in the pre-and infralimbic (PIL) and hippocampus regions and soluble Aβ-40 and Aβ-42 peptides in PIL in the acoustic stimulation group. We also found that the number of microglia increased in PIL and hippocampus. In EEG analysis, evoked gamma power was decreased and spontaneous gamma power was increased. Gamma coherence and phase locking value did not show significant changes. Cross-frequency coupling was shifted from gamma-delta to gamma-theta rhythm.

Conclusion

In summary, we found that acoustic stimulation at 40Hz can reduce Aβ in the brain and restore the gamma band oscillations and the frontoparietal connectivity. Our data suggest that acoustic stimulation might alter the natural deterioration processes of AD and have a therapeutic potential in AD.
The role of the fornix in human navigational learning
Authors: Hodgetts Carl J. , Stefani Martina , Williams Angharad N. , Kolarik Branden S. , Yonelinas Andrew P. , Ekstrom Arne D. , Lawrence Andrew D. , Zhang Jiaxiang , Graham Kim S.
Published: August 2018

Studies in rodents have demonstrated that transecting the white matter pathway linking the hippocampus and anterior thalamic nuclei - the fornix - impairs flexible navigational learning in the Morris Water Maze (MWM), as well as similar spatial learning tasks. While diffusion MRI studies in humans have linked fornix microstructure to scene discrimination and memory, its role in human navigation is currently unknown. We used high-angular resolution diffusion MRI to ask whether inter-individual differences in fornix microstructure would be associated with spatial learning in a virtual MWM task. To increase sensitivity to individual learning across trials, we adopted a novel curve fitting approach to estimate a single index of learning rate. We found a significant correlation between learning rate and the microstructure (mean diffusivity) of the fornix, but not that of a control tract linking occipital and anterior temporal cortices (the inferior longitudinal fasciculus, ILF). Further, this correlation remained significant when controlling for hippocampal volume. These findings extend previous animal studies by demonstrating the functional relevance of the fornix for human navigational learning, and highlight the importance of a distributed neuroanatomical network, underpinned by key white matter pathways, such as the fornix, in complex spatial behaviour.
Sterile spikelets assimilate carbon in sorghum and related grasses
Authors: AuBuchon-Elder Taylor , Coneva Viktoriya , Goad David M. , Allen Doug K. , Kellogg Elizabeth A.
Published: August 2018

Sorghum and its relatives in the grass tribe Andropogoneae bear their flowers in pairs of spikelets, in which one spikelet (seed-bearing, or SS) of the pair produces a seed and the other is sterile or male (staminate). This division of function does not occur in other major cereals such as wheat or rice. Additionally, one bract of the seed-bearing spikelet often produces a long extension, the awn, which is in the same position as but independently derived from that of wheat and rice. The function of the sterile spikelet is unknown and that of the awn has not been tested in Andropogoneae. We used radioactive and stable isotopes of carbon, as well as RNA-seq of metabolically important enzymes to show that the sterile spikelet assimilates carbon, which is translocated to the largely heterotrophic SS, thereby functioning as a nurse tissue. The awn shows no evidence of photosynthesis. These results apply to distantly related species of Andropogoneae. Thus, the sterile spikelet, but not the awn, could affect yield in the cultivated species and fitness in the wild ones.
Interpretable multimodal deep learning for real-time pan-tissue pan-disease pathology search on social media
Authors: Schaumberg Andrew J. , Juarez-Nicanor Wendy C. , Choudhury Sarah J. , Pastrián Laura G. , Pritt Bobbi S. , Pozuelo Mario Prieto , Sánchez Ricardo Sotillo , Ho Khanh , Zahra Nusrat , Sener Betul Duygu , Yip Stephen , Xu Bin , Annavarapu Srinivas Rao , Morini Aurélien , Jones Karra A. , Rosado-Orozco Kathia , Mukhopadhyay Sanjay , Miguel Carlos , Yang Hongyu , Rosen Yale , Ali Rola H. , Folaranmi Olaleke O. , Gardner Jerad M. , Rusu Corina , Stayerman Celina , Gross John , Suleiman Dauda E. , Sirintrapun S. Joseph , Aly Mariam , Fuchs Thomas J.
Published: August 2018

Pathologists are responsible for rapidly providing a diagnosis on critical health issues. Challenging cases benefit from additional opinions of pathologist colleagues. In addition to on-site colleagues, there is an active worldwide community of pathologists on social media for complementary opinions. Such access to pathologists worldwide has the capacity to improve diagnostic accuracy and generate broader consensus on next steps in patient care. From Twitter we curate 13,626 images from 6,351 tweets from 25 pathologists from 13 countries. We supplement the Twitter data with 113,161 images from 1,074,484 PubMed articles. We develop machine learning and deep learning models to (i) accurately identify histopathology stains, (ii) discriminate between tissues, and (iii) differentiate disease states. Area Under Receiver Operating Characteristic is 0.805-0.996 for these tasks. We repurpose the disease classifier to search for similar disease states given an image and clinical covariates. We report precision@k=1 = 0.7618±0.0018 (chance 0.397±0.004, mean±stdev). The classifiers find texture and tissue are important clinico-visual features of disease. Deep features trained only on natural images (e.g. cats and dogs) substantially improved search performance, while pathology-specific deep features and cell nuclei features further improved search to a lesser extent. We implement a social media bot (@pathobot on Twitter) to use the trained classifiers to aid pathologists in obtaining real-time feedback on challenging cases. If a social media post containing pathology text and images mentions the bot, the bot generates quantitative predictions of disease state (normal/artifact/infection/injury/nontumor, pre-neoplastic/benign/ low-grade-malignant-potential, or malignant) and lists similar cases across social media and PubMed. Our project has become a globally distributed expert system that facilitates pathological diagnosis and brings expertise to underserved regions or hospitals with less expertise in a particular disease. This is the first pan-tissue pan-disease (i.e. from infection to malignancy) method for prediction and search on social media, and the first pathology study prospectively tested in public on social media. We will share data throughpathobotology.org. We expect our project to cultivate a more connected world of physicians and improve patient care worldwide.
A highly conserved complete accessoryEscherichia colitype III secretion system 2 is widespread in bloodstream isolates of the ST69 lineage
Authors: Fox S. , Goswami C. , Holden M. , Connolly J.P.R. , Roe A. , Connor M. , Leanord A. , Evans T.J.
Published: August 2018

Bacterial type III secretion systems (T3SS) play an important role in pathogenesis of Gram-negative infections. Enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagicEscherichia colicontain a well-defined T3SS but in addition a second T3SS termedE. coliT3SS 2 (ETT2) has been described in a number of strains ofE. coli.The majority ofE. colicontain elements of a genetic locus encoding ETT2, but which has undergone significant mutational attrition rendering it without predicted function. Only a very few strains have been reported to contain an intact ETT2 locus. To investigate the occurrence of the ETT2 locus in strains of human pathogenicE. coli, we carried out genomic sequencing of 162 isolates obtained from patient blood cultures in Scotland. We found that all 26 ST69 isolates from this collection contained an intact ETT2 together with an associatedeiplocus which encodes putative secreted ETT2 effectors as well aseilA, a gene encoding a putative transcriptional regulator of ETT2 associated genes. Using a reporter gene foreilAactivation, we defined conditions under which this gene was differentially activated. However, comparison of secreted proteins from ST69 strains under high and loweilAactivation failed to identify any ETT2 secreted substrates. The conservation of the genes encoding ETT2 in human pathogenic ST69 strains strongly suggests it has functional importance in infection, although its exact functional role remains obscure.

Importance

One of the commonest bacteria causing bloodstream infections in humans isEscherichia coli, which has a significant morbidity and mortality. Better understating of the mechanisms by which this microbe can invade blood could lead to more effective prevention and treatment. One mechanism by which some strains cause disease is by elaboration of a specialized secretion system, the type III secretion system (T3SS), encoded by the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE). In addition to this well-defined T3SS, a second T3SS has been found in someE. colistrains termedE. colitype III secretion system 2 (ETT2). Most strains carry elements of the ETT2 locus, but with significant mutational attrition rendering it functionless. The significance of our work is that we have discovered that human bloodstream isolates ofE. coliof sequence type 69 contain a fully intact ETT2 and associated genes, strongly suggesting its functional importance in human infection.
Individual variation in longitudinal postnatal development of the primate brain
Authors: Ball G. , Seal M. L.
Published: August 2018

Quantifying individual variation in postnatal brain development can provide insight into cognitive diversity within a population and the aetiology of common neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders that are associated with adverse conditions in early life. Non-invasive studies of the non-human primate can aid understanding of human brain development, facilitating longitudinal analysis during early postnatal development when comparative human populations are difficult to sample.

In this study, we perform analysis of a longitudinal MRI dataset of 32 macaques, each with up to five magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans acquired between 1 and 36 months of age. Using nonlinear mixed effects model we derive growth trajectories for whole brain, cortical and subcortical grey matter, cerebral white matter and cerebellar volume. We then test the association between individual variation in postnatal tissue volumes and birth weight.

We report nonlinear growth models for all tissue compartments, as well as significant variation in total intracranial volume between individuals. We also demonstrate that subcortical grey matter varies both in total volume and rate of change between individuals and is associated with differences in birth weight. This supports evidence that subcortical grey matter is specifically vulnerable to adverse conditions in utero and highlights the importance of longitudinal MRI analysis in developmental studies.
Mitochondrial DNA and their nuclear copies in parasitic waspPteromalus puparum: A comparative analysis in Chalcidoidea
Authors: Yan Zhichao , Fang Qi , Tian Yu , Wang Fang , Chen Xuexin , Werren John H. , Ye Gongyin
Published: August 2018

Chalcidoidea (chalcidoid wasps) are an abundant and megadiverse insect group with both ecological and economical importance. Here we report a complete mitochondrial genome in Chalcidoidea fromPteromalus puparum(Pteromalidae). Eight tandem repeats followed by 6 reversed repeats were detected in its 3,308 bp control region. This long and complex control region may explain failures of amplifying and sequencing of complete mitochondrial genomes in some chalcidoids. In addition to 37 typical mitochondrial genes, an extra identical isoleucine tRNA (trnI) was detected. We speculate this recent mitochondrial gene duplication indicates that gene arrangements in chalcidoids are ongoing. A comparison among available chalcidoid mitochondrial genomes, reveals rapid gene order rearrangements overall, and high substitution rate inP. puparum. In addition, we identified 24 nuclear sequences of mitochondrial origin (NUMTs) inP. puparum, summing up to 9,989 bp, with 3,617 bp of these NUMTs originating from mitochondrial coding regions. NUMTs abundance inP. puparumis only one-twelfth of that in its relative,Nasonia vitripennis. Based on phylogenetic analysis, we provide evidence that a faster nuclear degradation rate contributes to the reduced NUMT numbers inP. puparum. Overall, our study shows unusually high rates of mitochondrial evolution and considerable variation in NUMT accumulation in Chalcidoidea.
Farmers’ perceptions on the causes of cassava root bitterness in konzo-affected areas of Mtwara Region, Tanzania
Authors: Imakumbili Matema L.E. , Semu Ernest , Semoka Johnson M.R. , Abass Adebayo , Mkamilo Geoffrey
Published: August 2018

The agronomic factors influencing increased cyanogenic glucoside levels, particularly in bitter cassava varieties during periods without water stress, in areas where konzo (a cassava cyanide related paralytic disorder also called spastic paraparesis) persists, are hardly known. However, through their assessment of bitter taste, farmers may have noticed factors unrelated to water stress and variety type that additionally influence cassava root cyanogenic glucoside content in these environments. Bitterness in cassava is usually associated with high cyanogenic glucoside levels. Using some konzo-affected areas in Mtwara region of Tanzania as a case study, a survey was thus carried out to identify the factors, hitherto overlooked, that may additionally influence cyanogenic glucoside levels in cassava. A total of 120 farmers were interviewed. A number of factors unrelated to water stress and variety type that could be additionally influencing cyanogenic glucoside production in cassava plants were mentioned. The mentioned factors included nutrient poor soils, plant age at harvest, weeds, piecemeal harvesting, and branch pruning; the factors, respectively, constituted 14.2%, 7.5%, 0.8%, 0.8%, and 0.8% of the total responses given. The revealed factors constitute permanent environmental characteristics and commonly used crop management practices by farmers living in konzo-prone Mtwara region of Tanzania that could be additionally resulting in high cyanogenic glucoside levels in cassava, regardless of water stress.
A comprehensive genomics solution for HIV surveillance and clinical monitoring in a global health setting
Authors: Bonsall David , Golubchik Tanya , Cesare Mariateresa de , Limbada Mohammed , Kosloff Barry , MacIntyre-Cockett George , Hall Matthew , Wymant Chris , Ansari M Azim , Abeler-Dörner Lucie , Schaap Ab , Brown Anthony , Barnes Eleanor , Piwowar-Manning Estelle , Wilson Ethan , Emel Lynda , Hayes Richard , Fidler Sarah , Ayles Helen , Bowden Rory , Fraser Christophe
Published: August 2018

High-throughput viral genetic sequencing is needed to monitor the spread of drug resistance, direct optimal antiretroviral regimes, and to identify transmission dynamics in generalised HIV epidemics. Public health efforts to sequence HIV genomes at scale face three major technical challenges: (i) minimising assay cost and protocol complexity, (ii) maximising sensitivity, and (iii) recovering accurate and unbiased sequences of both the genome consensus and the within-host viral diversity. Here we present a novel, high-throughput, virus-enriched sequencing method and computational pipeline tailored specifically to HIV (veSEQ-HIV), which addresses all three technical challenges, and can be used directly on leftover blood drawn for routine CD4 testing. We demonstrate its performance on 1,620 plasma samples collected from consenting individuals attending 10 large urban clinics in Zambia, partners of HPTN 071 (PopART). We show that veSEQ-HIV consistently recovers complete HIV genomes from the majority of samples of different subtypes, and is also quantitative: the number of HIV reads per sample obtained by veSEQ-HIV estimates viral load without the need for additional testing. Both quantitativity and sensitivity were assessed on a subset of 126 samples with clinically measured viral loads, and with standardized quantification controls (VL 100 – 5,000,000 RNA copies/ml). Complete HIV genomes were recovered from 93% (85/91) of samples when viral load was over 1,000 copies per ml. The quantitative nature of the assay implies that variant frequencies estimated with veSEQ-HIV are representative of true variant frequencies in the sample. Detection of minority variants can be exploited for epidemiological analysis of transmission and drug resistance, and we show how the information contained in individual reads of a veSEQ-HIV sample can be used to detect linkage between multiple mutations associated with resistance to antiretroviral therapy. Less than 2% of reads obtained by veSEQ-HIV were identified as in silico contamination events using updates to the phyloscanner software (phyloscanner clean) that we show to be 95% sensitive and 99% specific at ‘decontaminating’ NGS data. The cost of the assay — approximately 45 USD per sample — compares favourably with existing VL and HIV genotyping tests, and provides the additional value of viral load quantification and inference of drug resistance with a single test. veSEQ-HIV is well suited to large public health efforts and is being applied to all ∼9000 samples collected for the HPTN 071-2 (PopART Phylogenetics) study.
Docclustering: An Implementation of the Novel Ps-Document Clustering Algorithm a Preprint
Authors: Dörpinghaus Jens , Schaaf Sebastian , Jacobs Marc
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT

Document clustering is widely used in science for data retrieval and organisation. DocClustering is developed to include and use a novel algorithm called PS-Document Clustering that has been first introduced in 2017. This method combines approaches of graph theory with state of the art NLP-technologies. This new heuristic has been shown to be superior to conventional algorithms and it provides – given a suiting similarity measure – a more accurate clustering on biological and medical data.

Since the application is written for research on biomedical literature, interfaces for PubMed and SCAIView are available. In this brief report the source code as well as a short overview about the new features, novel heuristics and approaches are provided.

The software can be obtained from the authors or directly downloaded from GitHub, see https://github.com/jd-s/DocClustering.
A Multimodal Adaptive Super-Resolution and Confocal Microscope
Authors: Peedikakkal Liyana Valiya , Furley Andrew , Cadby Ashley J.
Published: August 2018

Existing optical microscopy techniques compromise between resolution, photodamage, speed of acquisition and imaging in to deep samples. This often confines a technique to a certain biological system or process. We present a versatile imaging system which can switch between imaging modalities with sub millisecond transition times to adapt to the needs of a wide range of sample types. The imaging modalities provide the minimally invasive but low-resolution epi-fluorescence though increasing invasive but higher resolution confocal and structured illumination until the highest resolution is achieved through the most intrusive, localisation microscopy. The ability of the system to overcome the limitations of conventional single mode microscopy is demonstrated by several biological investigations. The ideas presented in this work allow researchers to move away from the model of a single imaging modality to study a specific process and instead follow those processes using the most suitable method available during the lifetime of the investigation.
Starvation resistance is associated with developmentally specified changes in sleep, feeding, and metabolic rate
Authors: Brown Elizabeth B. , Slocumb Melissa E. , Szuperak Milan , Kerbs Arianna , Gibbs Allen G. , Kayser Matthew S. , Keene Alex C.
Published: August 2018

Food shortage represents a primary challenge to survival, and animals have adapted diverse developmental, physiological, and behavioral strategies to survive when food becomes unavailable. Starvation resistance is strongly influenced by ecological and evolutionary history, yet the genetic basis for the evolution of starvation resistance remains poorly understood. The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, provides a powerful model for leveraging experimental evolution to investigate traits associated with starvation resistance. While control populations only live a few days without food, selection for starvation resistances results in populations that can survive weeks. We have previously shown that selection for starvation resistance results in increased sleep and reduced feeding in adult flies. Here, we investigate the ontogeny of starvation resistance-associated behavioral and metabolic phenotypes in these experimentally selected flies. We find that selection for starvation resistance results in delayed development and a reduction in metabolic rate in larvae that persists into adulthood, suggesting that these traits may allow for the accumulation of energy stores and an increase in body size within these selected populations. In addition, we find that sleep is largely unaffected by starvation- selection and that feeding increases during the late larval stages, suggesting that experimental evolution for starvation resistance produces developmentally specified changes in behavioral regulation. Together, these findings reveal a critical role for development in the evolution of starvation resistance and indicate that selection can selectively influence behavior during defined developmental timepoints.

SUMMARY STATEMENT

Drosophila melanogaster selected for starvation resistance take longer to develop and exhibit development-specific changes in traits associated with the accumulation and conservation of energy stores.
5-Methyl-1-(4-methylphenyl)-N′-[1-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)ethylidene]-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carbohydrazide monohydrate
Authors: El-Hiti Gamal A. , Abdel-Wahab Bakr F. , Alotaibi Mohammad Hayal , Yousif Emad , Hegazy Amany S. , Kariuki Benson M.
Published: August 2018

In the title hydrate, C17H18N6O·H2O, the twist angles between the least-squares planes of the pyrolyl/methyltriazolyl/tolyl groups are 11.4 (2) and 7.9 (1)°, respectively. In the crystal, centrosymmetric tetramers (two organic molecules and two water molecules) are linked by N—H...O and O—H...O hydrogen bonds. Weak aromatic π–π stacking interactions between the triazolyl rings [centroid–centroid separation = 3.6422 (10) Å] link the tetramers.
Theoretical and experimental study on driving force and flow characteristics of damping control valve of shock absorber
Authors: Xie Fangwei , Wang Dengshuai , Wang Cuntang
Published: August 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to study the flow characteristics of damping control valve of shock absorber, and obtain the minimum driving current required under different working conditions.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on the simplified model of the internal structure of damping control valve and the theory of fluid mechanics, the mathematical model of the damping control valve driving current under rated load is established. The test bench was designed to study the relationship between flow characteristics and driving current of the damping control valve.

Findings

The results show that the minimum driving current of switching and flowrate show a linear relationship and the minimum current required for the 4-1 switching is the largest that means the minimum current as long as meets the 4-1 switching to meet the needs of all levels switching.

Originality/value

These results of the theoretical and experimental study provide a reliable guide and reference for the design and application of damping control valve.
Quantification of weld size parameters for throat failure prevention in a brake flange axle weld subjected to torsional loading with structural stress approach
Authors: Vasu Anoop , Chung Jerry , Padfield Cory , Desai Ravi
Published: August 2018

Purpose

The brake reaction test performed on a rear axle assembly revealed that the brake flange weld could not sustain the load needed to pass the minimum requirement of the test. Evaluation of the failure mode indicated that the fracture of the weld originated at the root of the weld and cracked through the fusion zone of the weld instead of cracking through base material (toe failure). The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

A computational methodology is presented to quantify the critical parameters to prevent throat failure. The torsion dominated loading created high in-plane shear stress on the weld which can contribute significantly to the premature failure.

Findings

The failure through the fusion zone, often termed as weld throat/root failure, was not accounted for during the design phase by numerical simulation which led to the wrong conclusion that the design will pass the test requirement. Although weld sizing and weld penetration depth can explain such unexpected failure modes, fatigue life of this particular failure was still over-predicted using the Master SN curve formulation of structural stress approach which is well established for Mode I type of failure. Accounting for the shear component in the structural stress approach led to good correlation with the test specimen. Weld throat depth is a significant parameter contributing to throat failure.

Practical implications

The failure of the weld joining the brake flange and the tube of an axle is a high severity failure mode which can result in loss of vehicle control and injury or death and hence the failure should be prevented at any cost.

Originality/value

Most of the previous work of welded components relates to Mode I loading. There is very few research performed to discuss the Mode III loading and failure. This research illustrates the importance of considering the throat failure mode and quantifies the weld parameters to prevent such failures in design applications.
The role of transformational leadership style, organizational structure and job characteristics in developing psychological empowerment among banking professionals
Authors: Shahzad Imran Ahmad , Farrukh Muhammad , Ahmed Nazar OmerAbdallah , Lin Li , Kanwal Nagina
Published: August 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the antecedents of psychological empowerment among bank managers in Beijing, China. Specifically, it aims at investigating the impact of transformational leadership, organization structure and job characteristics on psychological empowerment among banking professionals.

Design/methodology/approach

Questionnaires were distributed to bank managers in Beijing which were randomly selected through the cluster sampling technique. PLS-SEM was used for analysis to testify the hypotheses.

Findings

Statistical results showed; transformational leadership, organization structure and job characteristics were directly and positively related to psychological empowerment.

Originality/value

The proposed model is essential in providing guideline for the development of employees. These recommendations can be adopted by the organizational trainers and human resource personnel for the betterment of their organization.
SECI driven creativity: the role of team trust and intrinsic motivation
Authors: Baldé Mariama , Ferreira Aristides I. , Maynard Travis
Published: August 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine employees’ knowledge creation processes by leveraging a conceptual framework based on the socialisation, externalisation, combination and internalisation (SECI) model introduced by Nonaka and Takeuchi (1995). Given that many employees work within teams, in the current study, the authors examine the impact that team-level trust and intrinsic motivation have on an employee’s SECI model and, in turn, the relationship between SECI model and individual creativity. As such, this work represents one of the first works to examine team-level factors that shape individual knowledge creation and creativity. Additionally, building on and extending previous SECI research, the authors develop a scale to measure SECI models that uses peer-rated assessments.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from 431 employees who worked in 59 teams drawn from 51 companies in a variety of industry sectors, both SME’s and corporate. To minimise common method bias, the SECI model questionnaire was adapted to the individual level through peer ratings instead of self-ratings (each employee rated three peers). To assess the hypotheses, hierarchical linear models using IBM SPSS were applied. The questionnaires were completed using both paper and online versions.

Findings

Results showed that SECI mediates the relationships between individual-level creativity and both team-level intrinsic motivation and trust. Furthermore, findings suggest that the scale developed is a reliable measure of SECI.

Practical implications

Knowledge creation and sharing practices should take into account both, a team’s trust and its intrinsic motivation, which would result in creativity.

Originality/value

This paper examines the impact that team-level factors (i.e. team trust and team intrinsic motivation) have on individual SECI and creativity across a variety of industries. As such, this work is one of the first to examine the impact of team-level factors in shaping individual knowledge creation and creativity. Given the support that the study found for this hypothesis, this work demonstrates that team trust and intrinsic motivation are salient factors in shaping individual employee knowledge creation and creativity. Given the novelty of this work, the authors hope is that this study will be the foundation upon future cross-level studies of individual-level SECI and individual creativity can be built so as to improve SECI models.
Uncertainty Propagation Analysis of Computational Models in Laser Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing Using Polynomial Chaos Expansions
Authors: Tapia Gustavo , King Wayne , Johnson Luke , Arroyave Raymundo , Karaman Ibrahim , Elwany Alaa
Published: August 2018

Computational models for simulating physical phenomena during laser-based powder bed fusion additive manufacturing (L-PBF AM) processes are essential for enhancing our understanding of these phenomena, enable process optimization, and accelerate qualification and certification of AM materials and parts. It is a well-known fact that such models typically involve multiple sources of uncertainty that originate from different sources such as model parameters uncertainty, or model/code inadequacy, among many others. Uncertainty quantification (UQ) is a broad field that focuses on characterizing such uncertainties in order to maximize the benefit of these models. Although UQ has been a center theme in computational models associated with diverse fields such as computational fluid dynamics and macro-economics, it has not yet been fully exploited with computational models for advanced manufacturing. The current study presents one among the first efforts to conduct uncertainty propagation (UP) analysis in the context of L-PBF AM. More specifically, we present a generalized polynomial chaos expansions (gPCE) framework to assess the distributions of melt pool dimensions due to uncertainty in input model parameters. We develop the methodology and then employ it to validate model predictions, both through benchmarking them against Monte Carlo (MC) methods and against experimental data acquired from an experimental testbed.
Sustainable Fabrication of Glass Nanostructures Using Infrared
Transparent Mold Assisted by CO2 Laser Scanning
Irradiation
Authors: Bin Mohd Zawawi Mohd Zairulnizam , Kim Taekyung , Jung Myungki , Im Jaehun , Kang Shinill
Published: August 2018

Direct thermal imprinting of nanostructures on glass substrates is reliable when manufacturing net-shaped glass devices with various surface functions. However, several problems are recognized, including a long thermal cycle, tedious optimization, difficulties in ensuring high level replication fidelity, and unnecessary thermal deformation of the glass substrate. Here, we describe a more sustainable and energy efficient method for direct thermal imprinting of nanostructures onto glass substrates; we use silicon mold transparent to infrared between 2.5 and 25 μm in wavelength combined with CO2 laser scanning irradiation. The glass strongly absorbed the 10.6 μm wavelength irradiation, triggering substantial heating of a thin layer on the glass surface, which significantly enhanced the filling of pressed glass material into nanostructured silicon mold cavities. For comparison, we conducted conventional direct glass thermal imprinting experiments, further emphasizing the advantages of our new method, which outperformed conventional methods. The thermal mass cycle was shorter and the imprint pattern quality and yield, higher. Our method is sustainable, allowing more rapid scalable fabrication of glass nanostructures using less energy without sacrificing the quality and productivity of the fabricated devices.
A Parameter-Estimation Method Using the Ensemble Kalman Filter for Flow and Thermal Simulation in an Engine Compartment
Authors: Kusano Kazuya , Yamakawa Hironobu , Hano Kenich
Published: August 2018

The feasibility of the parameter estimation on the basis of the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) for a practical simulation involving model errors was investigated. The three-dimensional flow and thermal simulations for the engine compartment of a test excavator were simulated, and several unknown temperatures used for boundary conditions were estimated with the method. The estimation method was validated in two steps. First, the estimation method was tested with the influence of the model errors removed by virtually creating true values with a simulation. These results showed that the proposed parameter-estimation method can successfully estimate surface temperatures. They also suggested that the appropriate ensemble size can be evaluated from the number of unknown parameters. Second, the estimation method was tested under a practical condition including model errors by using actual measurement data. Model errors were statistically estimated using prior obtained error data concerning other design configurations, and they were added to the observation error in the EnKF. These results showed that taking model errors into account in the EnKF provides more-accurate parameter-estimation results. Moreover, the uncertainty of an estimated parameter can be evaluated with the standard deviation of its distribution.
Hip Implant Design With Three-Dimensional Porous Architecture of Optimized Graded Density
Authors: Wang Yingjun , Arabnejad Sajad , Tanzer Michael , Pasini Damiano
Published: August 2018

Even in a well-functioning total hip replacement, significant peri-implant bone resorption can occur secondary to stress shielding. Stress shielding is caused by an undesired mismatch of elastic modulus between the stiffer implant and the adjacent bone tissue. To address this problem, we present here a microarchitected hip implant that consists of a three-dimensional (3D) graded lattice material with properties that are mechanically biocompatible with those of the femoral bone. Asymptotic homogenization (AH) is used to numerically determine the mechanical and fatigue properties of the implant, and a gradient-free scheme of topology optimization is used to find the optimized relative density distribution of the porous implant under multiple constraints dictated by implant micromotion, pore size, porosity, and minimum manufacturable thickness of the cell elements. Obtained for a 38-year-old patient femur, bone resorption is assessed by the difference in strain energy between the implanted bone and the intact bone in the postoperative conditions. The numerical results suggest that bone loss for the optimized porous implant is only 42% of that of a fully solid implant, here taken as benchmark, and 79% of that of a porous implant with uniform density. The architected hip implant presented in this work shows clinical promise in reducing bone loss while preventing implant micromotion, thereby contributing to reduce the risk of periprosthetic fracture and the probability of revision surgery.
Phosphoproteomic analysis of chimeric antigen receptor signaling reveals kinetic and quantitative differences that affect cell function
Authors: Salter Alexander I. , Ivey Richard G. , Kennedy Jacob J. , Voillet Valentin , Rajan Anusha , Alderman Eva J. , Voytovich Uliana J. , Lin Chenwei , Sommermeyer Daniel , Liu Lingfeng , Whiteaker Jeffrey R. , Gottardo Raphael , Paulovich Amanda G. , Riddell Stanley R.
Published: August 2018

How potently CAR T cells with CD28 or 4-1BB costimulatory domains stimulate intracellular signaling correlates with treatment efficacy.
Strength training as superior, dose-dependent and safe prevention of acute and overuse sports injuries: a systematic review, qualitative analysis and meta-analysis
Authors: Lauersen Jeppe Bo , Andersen Thor Einar , Andersen Lars Bo
Published: August 2018

Objective

This review aims to analyse strength training-based sports injury prevention randomised controlled trials (RCT) and present best evidence recommendations for athletes and future research. A priori PROSPERO registration; CRD42015006970.

Design

Systematic review, qualitative analysis and meta-analysis. Sorting of studies and quality assessments were performed by two independent authors. Qualitative analyses, relative risk (RR) estimate with robustness and strength of evidence tests, formal tests of publication bias and post-hoc meta-regression were performed.

Data sources

PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and SPORTDiscus were searched to July 2017.

Eligibility criteria for selecting studies

RCTs on strength training exercises as primary prevention of sports injuries.

Results

Six studies analysed five different interventions with four distinct outcomes. 7738 participants aged 12–40 years were included and sustained 177 acute or overuse injuries. Studies were published in 2003–2016, five from Europe and one from Africa. Cluster-adjusted intention-to-treat analysis established RR 0.338 (0.238–0.480). The result was consistent across robustness tests and strength of evidence was high. A 10% increase in strength training volume reduced the risk of injury by more than four percentage points. Formal tests found no publication bias.

Conclusion

The included studies were generally well designed and executed, had high compliance rates, were safe, and attained consistently favourable results across four different acute and overuse injury outcomes despite considerable differences in populations and interventions. Increasing strength training volume and intensity were associated with sports injury risk reduction. Three characteristically different approaches to prevention mechanisms were identified and incorporated into contemporary strength training recommendations.
Can resistance training improve the symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome?
Authors: Pericleous Paraskevi , Stephanides Savvas
Published: August 2018

Objectives

It has been suggested that the symptoms of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) could be improved by resistance training.

Design

This review focuses on identifying studies that use resistance training to examine how it can affect the symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Methods

Medline, Cochrane, Dare and PubMed databases were searched to find relevant articles. All studies were assessed in terms of their design and methods.

Results

We found 10 studies that used resistance training to examine how it affects the symptoms of PCOS.

Conclusions

There is a need for further investigation. Most studies that examine the effects of resistance training on the symptoms of PCOS needed to consider the diet (macronutrient) of the participants along with the resistance training to have a better picture of how resistance training can affect the PCOS symptoms. Many questions are still unanswered.
Relationship between residual feed intake classification as a heifer and lifetime productivity of beef cattle
Authors: Callum C. , Ominski K.H. , Crow G. , Zvomuya F. , Basarab J.A.
Published: August 2018

The effect of residual feed intake adjusted for backfat thickness (RFIfat) on heifer pregnancy rate and subsequent lifetime productivity was examined in 867 beef females that were ranked as low, medium, or high RFIfat. Age at first calving, weaning weight of first calf, and most probable producing ability for birth weight (MPPAbw) and weaning weight (MPPAww) were calculated to assess first parity heifer productivity. The effect of heifer RFI adjusted for backfat (RFIfat; n = 532) on subsequent lifetime cow productivity (n = 415) was calculated based on kg of calf weaned per cow bred per year. A total lifetime productivity measure (n = 218) were also calculated as total calf weaning weight (kg) output per cow culled. RFI rank had no significant effect on pregnancy rate, when adjusted for season and site differences (P = 0.33). No significant correlations (P < 0.05) were observed between MPPAww and RFI, RFIfat, RFI adjusted for backfat and feeding event frequency (RFIfat & activity), or age at first calving. A negative trend (P < 0.10) between RFI, RFIfat, and MPPAbw calculated from first parity pregnancy rate and production traits was no longer apparent when adjusted for RFIfat & activity. These results suggest that selection for low RFI replacement heifers has no impact on their first parity pregnancy rate and productivity or on subsequent cow productivity.
Landscape-scale social and ecological outcomes of dynamic angler and fish behaviours: processes, data, and patterns
Authors: Carruthers Thomas R. , Dabrowska Kornelia , Haider Wolfgang , Parkinson Eric A. , Varkey Divya A. , Ward Hillary , McAllister Murdoch K. , Godin Theresa , Van Poorten Brett , Askey Paul J. , Wilson Kyle L. , Hunt Len M. , Clarke Adrian , Newton Eric , Walters Carl , Post John R.
Published: August 2018

The first relatively complete landscape-scale social–ecological system (SES) model of a recreational fishery was developed and ground-truthed with independent angling effort data. Based on the British Columbia multistock recreational fishery for rainbow trout (Oncorynchus mykiss), the model includes hundreds of individual lake fisheries, hundreds of thousands of anglers, originating from tens of communities, connected by complex road and trail networks, all distributed over a landscape of approximately half a million square kilometres. The approach is unique in that it incorporates realistic and empirically derived behavioural interactions within and among the three key components of the SES: angler communities, fish populations, and management policies. Current management policies were characterized and alternate policies assessed by simulation. We examined spatial patterns in ecological and social properties of the SES and used simulations to investigate the impacts of alternate management policies on these patterns. Simulation outcomes strongly depended on the spatial redistribution of anglers across the landscape, existing road networks, heterogeneity in angler behaviours, and the spatial pattern of fish population productivity.
Changes in soil phosphorus balance and phosphorus-use efficiency under long-term fertilization conducted on agriculturally used Chernozem in Germany
Authors: Medinski Tetiana , Freese Dirk , Reitz Thomas
Published: August 2018

This study investigates changes in soil phosphorus (P) in different fertilization treatments applied since 1902 on Chernozem soil at a “Static Fertilization Experiment” in Germany. Total and plant-available soil P, and soil P balances were assessed at 0–30, 30–60, and 60–90 cm depth layers in unfertilized “Zero”, mineral “NK” and “NPK”, and combined mineral and organic “FYM + NK” (farmyard manure + NK) and “FYM + NPK” fertilization treatments. P-use efficiencies were determined for each crop in rotation (sugar beet, spring barley, potato, and winter wheat). The 110 yr of P fertilization at rates between 22 and 55 t ha−1 yr−1 resulted in a significant increase of available P contents. P stocks increased up to 60 cm depth. Total P accumulation comprised 1.4 t ha−1 for NPK, 1.3 t ha−1 for FYM + NK, and 3.1 t ha−1 for FYM + NPK. Crops cultivation without P fertilization in Zero and NK treatments resulted in negative P balances and reduction of available P below recommended levels. Reduction of mineral P application rates after 1981, along with crop variety-dependent yield increases, resulted in an improved P-use efficiency. An organic fertilization combined with mineral N and K fertilizers (FYM + NK) was found to be the most P-efficient treatment for Chernozem soils.
Burr edge occupancy: edge finishing index for milling machined parts
Authors: Niknam Seyed Ali , Tiabi Azziz , Songmene Victor
Published: August 2018

Machining burrs are formed at all machined workpiece edges. One useful solution to decrease machining time and cost, in particular for milling parts, is to generate machined parts edges with minimum burr. This article proposes burr edge occupancy ηs as an index to evaluate deburring difficulty and, consequently, adequate selection of suitable deburring methods. Initially the sensitivity of ηs to cutting parameters must be evaluated. We investigated the main governing factors on ηs when slot milling two types of aluminium alloys (from different families) that are used in the automotive and aerospace industries. The cutting parameters that led to edges with minimum ηs are presented. It was found that, unlike most burr size attributes, ηs is sensitive to variation of the cutting parameters used: cutting speed, family of material, and cutting tools. Lower ηs means less time and effort for deburring and edge finishing of machined parts. Furthermore, ηs measurement is more convenient than the procedures used to measure other burr size attributes, including burr height (bh) and burr thickness (bt).
Permutations and Negative Beta-Shifts
Authors: Charlier Émilie , Steiner Wolfgang
Published: August 2018

Elizalde (2011) characterized which permutations can be obtained by ordering consecutive elements in the trajectories of (positive) beta-transformations and beta-shifts. We prove similar results for negative bases beta.