bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Policies for Equity in Access to Urban Green Space: A Spatial Perspective of the Chinese National Forest City Policy
Authors: Zhang Zhenyu , Cenci Jeremy , Zhang Jiazhen
Published: March 2024

The development of China’s high-density urbanisation process has made people aware of the widespread injustice in urban green space (UGS) as a means to improving residents’ well-being. The Chinese National Forest City (NFCC) policy is one of China’s construction models that aims to develop urban greening and reduce the inequality of residents’ well-being. This study used a combination of qualitative research and index quantification to explore the relationship between the spatial distribution of NFCCs and the factors affecting inequality in green space allocation and their impacts. The results of the study show that changes in indicators in NFCC policy reflect the national government’s decision-making orientation towards achieving environmental equity, and that the main factors affecting the unequal spatial distribution of NFCCs are highly correlated with inequality in UGS resources. This study analysed the NFCC policy from a new perspective and provides useful information for the development of national forest policy in order to ensure sufficient green space in China and the elimination of environmental inequity.
Examination of Primary and Secondary Metabolites Associated with a Plant-Based Diet and Their Impact on Human Health
Authors: Simsek Miray , Whitney Kristin
Published: March 2024

The consumption of plant-based diets has become a burgeoning trend, and they are increasingly consumed globally owing to their substantial energy intensity and dietetic advantages. Plants possess numerous bioactive components that have been recognized to exhibit manifold health-promoting assets. Comprehension of the synthesis of these primary and secondary metabolites by plants and their method of action against several chronic illnesses is a significant requirement for understanding their benefits to human health and disease prevention. Furthermore, the association of biologically active complexes with plants, humans, disease, medicine, and the underlying mechanisms is unexplored. Therefore, this review portrays various bioactive components derived from plant sources associated with health-promoting traits and their action mechanisms. This review paper predominantly assembles proposed plant-derived bioactive compounds, postulating valuable evidence aimed at perceiving forthcoming approaches, including the selection of potent bioactive components for formulating functional diets that are effective against several human disorders. This meticulous evidence could perhaps provide the basis for the advanced preemptive and therapeutic potential promoting human health. Hence, delivery opens possibilities for purchasers to approach the lucrative practice of plants as a remedy, produce novel products, and access new marketplaces.
Investigation of the Microbiome of Industrial PDO Sfela Cheese and Its Artisanal Variants Using 16S rDNA Amplicon Sequencing and Shotgun Metagenomics
Authors: Tsouggou Natalia , Slavko Aleksandra , Tsipidou Olympia , Georgoulis Anastasios , Dimov Svetoslav G. , Yin Jia , Vorgias Constantinos E. , Kapolos John , Papadelli Marina , Papadimitriou Konstantinos
Published: March 2024

Sfela is a white brined Greek cheese of protected designation of origin (PDO) produced in the Peloponnese region from ovine, caprine milk, or a mixture of the two. Despite the PDO status of Sfela, very few studies have addressed its properties, including its microbiology. For this reason, we decided to investigate the microbiome of two PDO industrial Sfela cheese samples along with two non-PDO variants, namely Sfela touloumotiri and Xerosfeli. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing and shotgun metagenomics analysis were used to identify the microbiome of these traditional cheeses. Cultured-based analysis showed that the most frequent species that could be isolated from Sfela cheese were Enterococcus faecium, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Levilactobacillus brevis, Pediococcus pentosaceus and Streptococcus thermophilus. Shotgun analysis suggested that in industrial Sfela 1, Str. thermophilus dominated, while industrial Sfela 2 contained high levels of Lactococcus lactis. The two artisanal samples, Sfela touloumotiri and Xerosfeli, were dominated by Tetragenococcus halophilus and Str. thermophilus, respectively. Debaryomyces hansenii was the only yeast species with abundance > 1% present exclusively in the Sfela touloumotiri sample. Identifying additional yeast species in the shotgun data was challenging, possibly due to their low abundance. Sfela cheese appears to contain a rather complex microbial ecosystem and thus needs to be further studied and understood. This might be crucial for improving and standardizing both its production and safety measures.
An Overview of Date (Phoenix dactylifera) Fruits as an Important Global Food Resource
Authors: Al-Karmadi Ashgan , Okoh Anthony Ifeanyin
Published: March 2024

Dates are the fruits of the date palm belonging to the Arecaceae family; they comprise over 2500 species and 200 genera and constitute an essential part of the daily diet worldwide, with beneficial nutritional, health, and economic values. Several varieties of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) fruit exist globally, especially in hot and humid regions. This review is an overview of date palms as a significant global food resource, including their historical significance, nutritional composition, cultivation practices, economic importance, and health benefits. The historical journey of dates goes back to ancient civilizations where they were revered for their richness in essential nutrients and natural sweetness. Today, dates are a vital crop in arid regions, contributing substantially to the agricultural economy and livelihoods of communities. This paper further explores the cultivation techniques employed to enhance date production. Furthermore, the nutritional composition of dates is analyzed in detail, highlighting their high content of vitamins, minerals, dietary fibers, and antioxidants. These attributes make dates a delicious treat and a valuable nutritional component, offering numerous health benefits. The potential health effects, including improved digestion, enhanced cardiovascular health, and increased energy levels, are discussed. Additionally, this paper delves into the economic significance of the date industry and its global trade.
Effects of Heating Treatment on the Physicochemical and Volatile Flavor Properties of Argentinian Shortfin Squid (Illex argentinus)
Authors: Li Jiagen , Li Zhaoqi , Deng Shanggui , Benjakul Soottawat , Zhang Bin , Huo Jiancong
Published: March 2024

In this study, the effect of different heating temperatures (80, 90, 100, and 121 °C) on the physicochemical and volatile flavor properties of fried mantles (Argentinian shortfin) was investigated. The squid mantles were soaked in a maltose syrup solution (20% w/v) for 10 s and fried in soybean oil for 10 s (160 °C), vacuum-packed, and processed at different temperatures for 10 min. Then, the squid mantles were subjected to colorimetric analysis, sensory evaluation, free amino acid analysis, and texture profile analysis. In addition, the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the squid mantles were analyzed. The results revealed that lower treating temperatures (80 and 90 °C) improved the chromatic and textural properties, along with organoleptic perception. Additionally, the content of amino acid in the squid mantles treated at 121 °C was significantly lower than that of the samples treated at other temperatures (p < 0.05). Headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS) was used to detect 41 VOCs, including their monomers and dimers. Among these detected VOCs, the contents of alcohols, ketones, and pyrazines were positively correlated with temperature. However, the content of aldehydes in the squid mantles gradually decreased as the heating temperature increased (p < 0.05). The combined HS-GC-IMS and E-nose results revealed that the lower temperatures (80 and 90 °C) were more suitable for flavor development and practical processing. This study provides valuable information for properly controlling the heating process of squid products, as well as flavor and practical applications for the aquatic industry.
Exploiting Agri-Food Waste as Feed for Tenebrio molitor Larvae Rearing: A Review
Authors: Kotsou Konstantina , Chatzimitakos Theodoros , Athanasiadis Vassilis , Bozinou Eleni , Lalas Stavros I.
Published: March 2024

The agri-food industry generates substantial amounts of waste, including by-products and residues. The increasing demand for sustainable and eco-friendly practices in the agri-food sector has sparked an interest in finding alternative uses for such waste materials. One promising approach is the utilization of waste from the agri-food industry as feed for the rearing of mealworms (Tenebrio molitor). Since agri-food waste is rich in proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and vitamins, as well as other bioactive compounds, all of which are essential for insect growth and development, incorporating such waste into the diet of mealworms promotes sustainable insect production, reducing the economic and environmental problems associated with waste disposal. This practice can also be beneficial for the rearing of mealworms since their nutritional value can also be enhanced. To this end, various waste materials, such as fruit and vegetable peels, spent grains, and food processing residues, have been investigated as potential feed sources, leading to increased mass production, lower cost, and enhanced nutritional value. This review aims to highlight the potential of agri-food waste as a feed source for mealworms, as well as their potential to enhance their nutritional value. Furthermore, the potential applications of mealworms reared on agri-food waste are highlighted, including their potential as a sustainable protein source for human consumption and as feed ingredients in the livestock and aquaculture sectors.
Supplementation with Lactiplantibacillus brevis GKEX Combined with Resistance Exercise Training Improves Muscle Mass, Strength Performance, and Body Fat Condition in Healthy Humans
Authors: Lee Mon-Chien , Hsu Yi-Ju , Ho Chin-Shan , Tsai You-Shan , Chen Chin-Chu , Huang Chi-Chang
Published: March 2024

In addition to maintaining good exercise and dietary habits, recent studies have shown that probiotics may have potential benefits for muscle mass and strength. It is worth noting that the effects may vary depending on the specific strains used. To date, no studies have analyzed the effects of Lactiplantibacillus brevis in this context. Here, we combine the L. brevis strain GKEX with resistance training to further understand its effects on muscle mass, thickness, performance, and fat loss. In a six-week intervention for a double-blind randomized trial, 52 healthy subjects were divided into two groups (10 male and 16 female participants in each group): a placebo group (two capsules/day, containing 0 CFU of GKEX per capsule) and a GKEX group (two capsules/day, containing 1 × 1010 CFU of GKEX per capsule). Before the intervention, no differences were observed between the two groups in any of the tests (body composition, muscle thickness, exercise performance, and blood parameters). However, supplementation with GKEX significantly improved muscle mass and thickness, as well as grip strength, muscle strength, and explosive performance, when compared to the associated parameters before the intervention. Additionally, GKEX supplementation promoted a reduction in the body fat percentage (p < 0.05). Through analysis of the change amount, we observed that GKEX supplementation yielded significantly improved benefits when compared to the placebo group (p < 0.05). In summary, our findings support the notion that a six-week resistance exercise training program combined with L. brevis GKEX supplementation has superior additive effects that enhance muscle mass and strength performance, while also reducing body fat percentage. This intervention can promote muscle gain and fat loss.
The Influence of Environmental Temperature on the Passive Oxidation Process in the C/SiC Composite
Authors: Zhu Qingyong , Jie Haixin , Lu Shun , Li Zhihui
Published: March 2024

The C/SiC composite plays a crucial role in providing thermal protection for hypersonic vehicles. The SiO2 oxide layer formed via passive oxidation during ablation constitutes a typical porous medium with self-similarity. Given its significant impact on the thermal protection of the material, accurately predicting the variation in the SiO2 oxide layer thickness is of paramount importance. The growth of the oxide layer impedes the diffusion of oxygen within the material. This study considered microstructural parameters of the oxide layer based on high-temperature gas oxidation tests of the C/SiC composite. Fractal theory was utilized to construct a fractal diffusion-reaction kinetics model describing oxygen diffusion within the oxide layer and the evolution of the oxide layer under varying environmental conditions. The finding demonstrated that the existence of the oxide layer significantly influences the passive oxidation of the composite. This study underscored the significance of predicting the impact of environmental parameters on passive oxidation in the practical application of the C/SiC composite and the study result offers a valuable reference for evaluating the thermal resistance of the C/SiC composite.
Genotypic and Allelic Distribution of the CD36 rs1761667 Polymorphism in High-Level Moroccan Athletes: A Pilot Study
Authors: El Ouali El Mokhtar , Kartibou Jihan , Del Coso Juan , El Makhzen Badreddine , Bouguenouch Laila , El Harane Sanae , Taib Bouchra , Weiss Katja , Knechtle Beat , Mesfioui Abdelhalem , Zouhal Hassane
Published: March 2024

Previous studies have shown that variations in the CD36 gene may affect phenotypes associated with fat metabolism as the CD36 protein facilitates the transport of fatty acids to the mitochondria for oxidation. However, no previous study has tested whether variations in the CD36 gene are associated with sports performance. We investigated the genotypic and allelic distribution of the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1761667 in the CD36 gene in elite Moroccan athletes (cyclists and hockey players) in comparison with healthy non-athletes of the same ethnic origin. Forty-three Moroccan elite male athletes (nineteen cyclists and twenty-four field hockey players) belonging to the national teams of their respective sports (athlete group) were compared to twenty-eight healthy, active, male university students (control group). Genotyping of the CD36 rs1761667 (G>A) SNP was performed via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Sanger sequencing. A chi-square (χ2) test was used to assess the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) and to compare allele and genotype frequencies in the “athlete” and “control” groups. The genotypic distribution of the CD36 rs1761667 polymorphism was similar in elite athletes (AA: 23.81, AG: 59.52, and GG: 16.67%) and controls (AA: 19.23, AG: 69.23, and GG: 11.54%; χ2 = 0.67, p = 0.71). However, the genotypic distribution of the CD36 rs1761667 polymorphism was different between cyclists (AA: 0.00, AG: 72.22, and GG: 27.78%) and hockey players (AA: 41.67, AG: 50.00, and GG: 8.33%; χ2 = 10.69, p = 0.004). Specifically, the frequency of the AA genotype was significantly lower in cyclists than in hockey players (p = 0.02). In terms of allele frequency, a significant difference was found between cyclists versus field hockey players (χ2 = 7.72, p = 0.005). Additionally, there was a predominance of the recessive model in cyclists over field hockey players (OR: 0.00, 95% CI: 0.00–0.35, p = 0.002). Our study shows a significant difference between cyclists and field hockey players in terms of the genotypic and allelic frequency of the SNP rs1761667 of the CD36 gene. This divergence suggests a probable association between genetic variations in the CD36 gene and the type of sport in elite Moroccan athletes.
Experiment on the Uniformity of Internal Lighting in Zigzag Photovoltaic Greenhouses by Grating Plates
Authors: Wang Baolong , Si Yehua , Liu Jian
Published: March 2024

As one of the main projects of facility agriculture promotion, the PV (photovoltaic) greenhouse has the problems of PV power generation competing for light with crop production, strong indoor chiaroscuro, and uneven light distribution. The internal light uniformity is tested by a zigzag greenhouse model to compare the light transmission effects of different light-transmitting materials applied to PV greenhouses. Altogether, 20 line/inch 3 mm and 30 line/inch 3 mm, 40 line/inch 2 mm, 25 line/inch 4 mm grating plates and 2 mm and 3 mm thick ordinary glass were used as light-transmitting components, and the light intensity and light uniformity in the greenhouse were the measurement indicators. The results show that the use of grating plates as covering material can improve the light intensity at the intersection of light and dark, but the overall light transmittance is not as good as glass because it is plastic, which ages easily with low light transmittance. It can also improve the use of land under the shade of PV modules to provide a better growth environment for crops. The test results show that using grating plates can maximize the light intensity of the greenhouse and solve the problem of uneven distribution of light inside the greenhouse caused by obstruction of PV equipment and greenhouse framework. In sunny weather, the light intensity in three rows of the measurement points at the north side in the greenhouse is greater than 20,000 Lx, and the light environment in other areas is between 5000 Lx and 20,000 Lx, which is suitable for planting shade-loving crops.
Matabolomic Changes Induced by 6-Benzylaminopurine in Polygonatum cyrtonema
Authors: Liu Xincheng , Yang Huidong , Guo Bin , Hu Zhongdong
Published: March 2024

Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua (family Asparagaceae) is an endemic plant in China that is valuable for its edible and medicinal uses. Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are natural or synthetic compounds that can regulate plant development and metabolism effectively. To explore potential applications of PGRs for improving the yield and bioactivity of this plant, four PGRs, including gibberellic acid (GA3), 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA), naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 24-epibrassinolide (EBL), were used in this study and sprayed on the growing seedlings of P. cyrtonema. All of these PGRs did not significantly affect the growth rate of P. cyrtonema, but they had varying effects on the polysaccharide and saponin content in the rhizome. NAA and 6-BA positively affected the polysaccharide content, while most PGR treatments negatively affected the saponin content. Widely targeted metabolomic analysis based on UPLC-MS/MS was conducted and revealed 101 differential metabolites in response to 6-BA, most of which were flavonoids, steroids and lipids. Most of the significantly changed flavonoids decreased under the 6-BA treatment. The study provides insights into the potential use of PGRs for improving the quality of P. cyrtonema, particularly in regulating the content of bioactive compounds.
Beyond Borders of the Cell: How Extracellular Vesicles Shape COVID-19 for People with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Hejenkowska Ewelina D. , Yavuz Hayrettin , Swiatecka-Urban Agnieszka
Published: March 2024

The interaction between extracellular vesicles (EVs) and SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19, especially in people with cystic fibrosis (PwCF) is insufficiently studied. EVs are small membrane-bound particles involved in cell–cell communications in different physiological and pathological conditions, including inflammation and infection. The CF airway cells release EVs that differ from those released by healthy cells and may play an intriguing role in regulating the inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2. On the one hand, EVs may activate neutrophils and exacerbate inflammation. On the other hand, EVs may block IL-6, a pro-inflammatory cytokine associated with severe COVID-19, and protect PwCF from adverse outcomes. EVs are regulated by TGF-β signaling, essential in different disease states, including COVID-19. Here, we review the knowledge, identify the gaps in understanding, and suggest future research directions to elucidate the role of EVs in PwCF during COVID-19.
Immunological Signatures in Blood and Urine in 80 Individuals Hospitalized during the Initial Phase of COVID-19 Pandemic with Quantified Nicotine Exposure
Authors: Laudanski Krzysztof , Mahmoud Mohamed A. , Ahmed Ahmed Sayed , Susztak Kaitlin , Mathew Amal , Chen James
Published: March 2024

This research analyzes immunological response patterns to SARS-CoV-2 infection in blood and urine in individuals with serum cotinine-confirmed exposure to nicotine. Samples of blood and urine were obtained from a total of 80 patients admitted to hospital within 24 h of admission (tadm), 48 h later (t48h), and 7 days later (t7d) if patients remained hospitalized or at discharge. Serum cotinine above 3.75 ng/mL was deemed as biologically significant exposure to nicotine. Viral load was measured with serum SARS-CoV-2 S-spike protein. Titer of IgG, IgA, and IgM against S- and N-protein assessed specific antiviral responses. Cellular destruction was measured by high mobility group box protein-1 (HMGB-1) serum levels and heat shock protein 60 (Hsp-60). Serum interleukin 6 (IL-6), and ferritin gauged non-specific inflammation. The immunological profile was assessed with O-link. Serum titers of IgA were lower at tadm in smokers vs. nonsmokers (p = 0.0397). IgM at t48h was lower in cotinine-positive individuals (p = 0.0188). IgG did not differ between cotinine-positive and negative individuals. HMGB-1 at admission was elevated in cotinine positive individuals. Patients with positive cotinine did not exhibit increased markers of non-specific inflammation and tissue destruction. The blood immunological profile had distinctive differences at admission (MIC A/B↓), 48 h (CCL19↓, MCP-3↓, CD28↑, CD8↓, IFNγ↓, IL-12↓, GZNB↓, MIC A/B↓) or 7 days (CD28↓) in the cotinine-positive group. The urine immunological profile showed a profile with minimal overlap with blood as the following markers being affected at tadm (CCL20↑, CXCL5↑, CD8↑, IL-12↑, MIC A/B↑, GZNH↑, TNFRS14↑), t48h (CCL20↓, TRAIL↓) and t7d (EGF↑, ADA↑) in patients with a cotinine-positive test. Here, we showed a distinctive immunological profile in hospitalized COVID-19 patients with confirmed exposure to nicotine.
Identification of Dhx15 as a Major Regulator of Liver Development, Regeneration, and Tumor Growth in Zebrafish and Mice
Authors: Portolés Irene , Ribera Jordi , Fernandez-Galán Esther , Lecue Elena , Casals Gregori , Melgar-Lesmes Pedro , Fernández-Varo Guillermo , Boix Loreto , Sanduzzi Marco , Aishwarya Veenu , Reig Maria , Jiménez Wladimiro , Morales-Ruiz Manuel
Published: March 2024

RNA helicase DHX15 plays a significant role in vasculature development and lung metastasis in vertebrates. In addition, several studies have demonstrated the overexpression of DHX15 in the context of hepatocellular carcinoma. Therefore, we hypothesized that this helicase may play a significant role in liver regeneration, physiology, and pathology. Dhx15 gene deficiency was generated by CRISPR/Cas9 in zebrafish and by TALEN-RNA in mice. AUM Antisense-Oligonucleotides were used to silence Dhx15 in wild-type mice. The hepatocellular carcinoma tumor induction model was generated by subcutaneous injection of Hepa 1-6 cells. Homozygous Dhx15 gene deficiency was lethal in zebrafish and mouse embryos. Dhx15 gene deficiency impaired liver organogenesis in zebrafish embryos and liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in mice. Also, heterozygous mice presented decreased number and size of liver metastasis after Hepa 1-6 cells injection compared to wild-type mice. Dhx15 gene silencing with AUM Antisense-Oligonucleotides in wild-type mice resulted in 80% reduced expression in the liver and a significant reduction in other major organs. In addition, Dhx15 gene silencing significantly hindered primary tumor growth in the hepatocellular carcinoma experimental model. Regarding the potential use of DHX15 as a diagnostic marker for liver disease, patients with hepatocellular carcinoma showed increased levels of DHX15 in blood samples compared with subjects without hepatic affectation. In conclusion, Dhx15 is a key regulator of liver physiology and organogenesis, is increased in the blood of cirrhotic and hepatocellular carcinoma patients, and plays a key role in controlling hepatocellular carcinoma tumor growth and expansion in experimental models.
Virus-Induced Epilepsy vs. Epilepsy Patients Acquiring Viral Infection: Unravelling the Complex Relationship for Precision Treatment
Authors: Costa Bárbara , Vale Nuno
Published: March 2024

The intricate relationship between viruses and epilepsy involves a bidirectional interaction. Certain viruses can induce epilepsy by infecting the brain, leading to inflammation, damage, or abnormal electrical activity. Conversely, epilepsy patients may be more susceptible to viral infections due to factors, such as compromised immune systems, anticonvulsant drugs, or surgical interventions. Neuroinflammation, a common factor in both scenarios, exhibits onset, duration, intensity, and consequence variations. It can modulate epileptogenesis, increase seizure susceptibility, and impact anticonvulsant drug pharmacokinetics, immune system function, and brain physiology. Viral infections significantly impact the clinical management of epilepsy patients, necessitating a multidisciplinary approach encompassing diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of both conditions. We delved into the dual dynamics of viruses inducing epilepsy and epilepsy patients acquiring viruses, examining the unique features of each case. For virus-induced epilepsy, we specify virus types, elucidate mechanisms of epilepsy induction, emphasize neuroinflammation’s impact, and analyze its effects on anticonvulsant drug pharmacokinetics. Conversely, in epilepsy patients acquiring viruses, we detail the acquired virus, its interaction with existing epilepsy, neuroinflammation effects, and changes in anticonvulsant drug pharmacokinetics. Understanding this interplay advances precision therapies for epilepsy during viral infections, providing mechanistic insights, identifying biomarkers and therapeutic targets, and supporting optimized dosing regimens. However, further studies are crucial to validate tools, discover new biomarkers and therapeutic targets, and evaluate targeted therapy safety and efficacy in diverse epilepsy and viral infection scenarios.
The Tumor Microenvironment Mediates the HIF-1α/PD-L1 Pathway to Promote Immune Escape in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Sun Jing , Zhao Zhengtian , Lu Jiaqi , An Wen , Zhang Yiming , Li Wei , Yang Li
Published: March 2024

The unsatisfactory efficacy of immunotherapy for colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major challenge for clinicians and patients. The tumor microenvironment may promote CRC progression by upregulating the expression of hypoxia-inducing factor (HIF) and PD-L1. Therefore, this study explored the expression and correlation of HIF-1α and PD-L1 in the CRC microenvironment. The expression and correlation of HIF-1α and PD-L1 in CRC were analyzed using bioinformatics and Western blotting (WB). The hypoxia and inflammation of the CRC microenvironment were established in the CT26 cell line. CT26 cells were stimulated with two hypoxia mimics, CoCl2 and DFO, which were used to induce the hypoxic environment. Western blotting was used to assess the expression and correlation of HIF-1α and PD-L1 in the hypoxic environment.LPS stimulated CT26 cells to induce the inflammatory environment. WB and bioinformatics were used to assess the expression and correlation of TLR4, HIF-1α, and PD-L1 in the inflammatory environment. Furthermore, the impact of curcumin on the inflammatory environment established by LPS-stimulated CT26 cells was demonstrated through MTT, Transwell, molecular docking, network pharmacology and Western blotting assays. In this study, we found that the HIF-1α/PD-L1 pathway was activated in the hypoxic and inflammatory environment and promoted immune escape in CRC. Meanwhile, curcumin suppressed tumor immune escape by inhibiting the TLR4/HIF-1α/PD-L1 pathway in the inflammatory environment of CRC. These results suggest that combination therapy based on the HIF-1α/PD-L1 pathway can be a promising therapeutic option and that curcumin can be used as a potent immunomodulatory agent in clinical practice.
Disease-Causing TIMP3 Variants and Deep Phenotyping of Two Czech Families with Sorsby Fundus Dystrophy Associated with Novel p.(Tyr152Cys) Mutation
Authors: Vergaro Andrea , Pankievic Monika , Jedlickova Jana , Dudakova Lubica , Vajter Marie , Michaelides Michel , Meliska Martin , Nemec Pavel , Babincova Daniela , Kousal Bohdan , Liskova Petra
Published: March 2024

We aim to report the ocular phenotype and molecular genetic findings in two Czech families with Sorsby fundus dystrophy and to review all the reported TIMP3 pathogenic variants. Two probands with Sorsby fundus dystrophy and three first-degree relatives underwent ocular examination and retinal imaging, including optical coherence tomography angiography. The DNA of the first proband was screened using a targeted ocular gene panel, while, in the second proband, direct sequencing of the TIMP3 coding region was performed. Sanger sequencing was also used for segregation analysis within the families. All the previously reported TIMP3 variants were reviewed using the American College of Medical Genetics and the Association for Molecular Pathology interpretation framework. A novel heterozygous variant, c.455A>G p.(Tyr152Cys), in TIMP3 was identified in both families and potentially de novo in one. Optical coherence tomography angiography documented in one patient the development of a choroidal neovascular membrane at 54 years. Including this study, 23 heterozygous variants in TIMP3 have been reported as disease-causing. Application of gene-specific criteria denoted eleven variants as pathogenic, eleven as likely pathogenic, and one as a variant of unknown significance. Our study expands the spectrum of TIMP3 pathogenic variants and highlights the importance of optical coherence tomography angiography for early detection of choroidal neovascular membranes.
Does Resveratrol Improve Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD)?
Authors: Kasprzak-Drozd Kamila , Niziński Przemysław , Kasprzak Paulina , Kondracka Adrianna , Oniszczuk Tomasz , Rusinek Agata , Oniszczuk Anna
Published: March 2024

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is influenced by a variety of factors, including environmental and genetic factors. The most significant outcome is the alteration of free fatty acid and triglyceride metabolism. Lipotoxicity, impaired autophagy, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress, as well as coexisting insulin resistance, obesity, and changes in the composition of gut microbiota, are also considered crucial factors in the pathogenesis of MASLD. Resveratrol is a polyphenolic compound that belongs to the stilbene subgroup. This review summarises the available information on the therapeutic effects of resveratrol against MASLD. Resveratrol has demonstrated promising antisteatotic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities in liver cells in in vitro and animal studies. Resveratrol has been associated with inhibiting the NF-κB pathway, activating the SIRT-1 and AMPK pathways, normalizing the intestinal microbiome, and alleviating intestinal inflammation. However, clinical studies have yielded inconclusive results regarding the efficacy of resveratrol in alleviating hepatic steatosis or reducing any of the parameters found in MASLD in human patients. The lack of homogeneity between studies, low bioavailability of resveratrol, and population variability when compared to animal models could be the reasons for this.
Eggplant Little Leaf-Associated Phytoplasma Detection in Seedlings under Insect-Proof Conditions
Authors: Darabakula Mukesh , Mateeti Sri Tej , Pacini Francesco , Bertaccini Assunta , Contaldo Nicoletta
Published: March 2024

Eggplant, or brinjal, is one of the most consumed and important tropical solanaceous vegetable crops grown worldwide. Little leaf is a disease associated with the presence of phytoplasmas especially widespread in brinjal in India. To clarify the epidemiology of this disease, a verification of its transmission through seeds to seedlings and their progeny derived from symptomatic mother plants was performed. Brinjal seeds field-collected in the Dharwad district of Karnataka State, India, were sowed in a greenhouse under insect-proof conditions. DNA was extracted from seedlings and their progeny and from symptomatic plant samples collected in the field. The first- and second-generation seedlings obtained *under these conditions were tested at various time points after germination by amplification of the 16S rRNA gene of phytoplasmas. The amplicons obtained were subjected to restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis and sequencing for the identification of detected phytoplasmas. Ribosomal groups 16SrI, 16SrII, 16SrIII, 16SrV, 16SrVI, and 16SrXII were identified. Moreover, a number of fruits produced from the first-generation seedlings showed precocious seed germination, and the young seedlings resulted as phytoplasma-positive. The seed transmission of phytoplasmas in eggplants for two subsequent generations highlights the risk of additional sources of infection of the disease represented by asymptomatic and infected seedlings in the presence of insect vectors. The seed transmission could explain the continuous presence of epidemic outbreaks of phytoplasmas in brinjal cultivations in several cultivation areas.
Bridging the Gap: Exploring Interpretability in Deep Learning Models for Brain Tumor Detection and Diagnosis from MRI Images
Authors: Nhlapho Wandile , Atemkeng Marcellin , Brima Yusuf , Ndogmo Jean-Claude
Published: March 2024

The advent of deep learning (DL) has revolutionized medical imaging, offering unprecedented avenues for accurate disease classification and diagnosis. DL models have shown remarkable promise for classifying brain tumors from Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans. However, despite their impressive performance, the opaque nature of DL models poses challenges in understanding their decision-making mechanisms, particularly crucial in medical contexts where interpretability is essential. This paper explores the intersection of medical image analysis and DL interpretability, aiming to elucidate the decision-making rationale of DL models in brain tumor classification. Leveraging ten state-of-the-art DL frameworks with transfer learning, we conducted a comprehensive evaluation encompassing both classification accuracy and interpretability. These models underwent thorough training, testing, and fine-tuning, resulting in EfficientNetB0, DenseNet121, and Xception outperforming the other models. These top-performing models were examined using adaptive path-based techniques to understand the underlying decision-making mechanisms. Grad-CAM and Grad-CAM++ highlighted critical image regions where the models identified patterns and features associated with each class of the brain tumor. The regions where the models identified patterns and features correspond visually to the regions where the tumors are located in the images. This result shows that DL models learn important features and patterns in the regions where tumors are located for decision-making.
New Guidelines of Pediatric Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices: What Is Changing in Clinical Practice?
Authors: Silvetti Massimo Stefano , Colonna Diego , Gabbarini Fulvio , Porcedda Giulio , Rimini Alessandro , D’Onofrio Antonio , Leoni Loira
Published: March 2024

Guidelines are important tools to guide the diagnosis and treatment of patients to improve the decision-making process of health professionals. They are periodically updated according to new evidence. Four new Guidelines in 2021, 2022 and 2023 referred to pediatric pacing and defibrillation. There are some relevant changes in permanent pacing. In patients with atrioventricular block, the heart rate limit in which pacemaker implantation is recommended was decreased to reduce too-early device implantation. However, it was underlined that the heart rate criterion is not absolute, as signs or symptoms of hemodynamically not tolerated bradycardia may even occur at higher rates. In sinus node dysfunction, symptomatic bradycardia is the most relevant recommendation for pacing. Physiological pacing is increasingly used and recommended when the amount of ventricular pacing is presumed to be high. New recommendations suggest that loop recorders may guide the management of inherited arrhythmia syndromes and may be useful for severe but not frequent palpitations. Regarding defibrillator implantation, the main changes are in primary prevention recommendations. In hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, pediatric risk calculators have been included in the Guidelines. In dilated cardiomyopathy, due to the rarity of sudden cardiac death in pediatric age, low ejection fraction criteria were demoted to class II. In long QT syndrome, new criteria included severely prolonged QTc with different limits according to genotype, and some specific mutations. In arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, hemodynamically tolerated ventricular tachycardia and arrhythmic syncope were downgraded to class II recommendation. In conclusion, these new Guidelines aim to assess all aspects of cardiac implantable electronic devices and improve treatment strategies.
Lactate as a Predictor of 30-Day Mortality in Cardiogenic Shock
Authors: Klemm Gregor , Markart Sebastian , Hermann Alexander , Staudinger Thomas , Hengstenberg Christian , Heinz Gottfried , Zilberszac Robert
Published: March 2024

Background/Objectives: This study sought to evaluate the efficacy of various lactate measurements within the first 24 h post-intensive care unit (ICU) admission for predicting 30-day mortality in cardiogenic shock patients. It compared initial lactate levels, 24 h levels, peak levels, and 24 h clearance, alongside the Simplified Acute Physiology Score 3 (SAPS3) score, to enhance early treatment decision-making. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 64 patients assessed the prognostic performance of lactate levels and SAPS3 scores using logistic regression and AUROC calculations. Results: Of the baseline parameters, only the SAPS3 score predicted survival independently. The lactate level after 24 h (LL) was the most accurate predictor of mortality, outperforming initial levels, peak levels, and 24 h-clearance, and showing a significant AUROC. LL greater than 3.1 mmol/L accurately predicted mortality with high specificity and moderate sensitivity. Conclusions: Among lactate measurements for predicting 30-day mortality in cardiogenic shock, the 24 h lactate level was the most effective one, suggesting its superiority for early prognostication over initial or peak levels and lactate clearance.
Diagnostic Performance of Atherogenic Index of Plasma for Predicting Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis with Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Flores-Escobar Sebastián , López-Moral Mateo , García-Madrid Marta , Álvaro-Afonso Francisco J. , Tardáguila-García Aroa , Lázaro-Martínez José Luis
Published: March 2024

Background: This study aims to assess the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) diagnostic value in detecting diabetic foot osteomyelitis (DFO) among patients with diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted on 80 patients with DFUs and suspected DFO between January 2022 and December 2023. The primary outcome measures included the diagnosis of DFO, determined by positive microbiological analysis results from bone samples and its correlation with the AIP. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were utilized to select the optimal diagnostic cut-off points for AIP and post hoc analysis was performed to evaluate the difference in the AIP for diagnosing DFO in patients with and without peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Results: The diagnostic potential for DFO in PAD patients of AIP-1 (Log TC/HDL) showed an AUC of 0.914 (p < 0.001 [0.832–0.996]), leading to a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 85%. By contrast, AIP-2 (Log TG/HDL) demonstrated a slightly lower AUC of 0.841 (p < 0.001 [0.716–0.967]), leading to a sensitivity of 76% and a specificity of 74%. Conclusions: The AIP tool, with its ideal blend of sensitivity and specificity, aids in predicting DFO effectively. Therefore, clinicians should consider using AIP for patients suffering from PAD and associated DFO.
Association of Peri-Implant Keratinized Mucosa Width and Mucosal Thickness with Early Bone Loss: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Tastan Eroglu Zeynep , Ozkan Sen Dilek , Oncu Elif
Published: March 2024

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of keratinized mucosa width (KMW) and mucosal thickness (MT) around dental implants on marginal bone loss (MBL). The evaluation was performed one year after loading by comparing clinical, radiographic, and biochemical parameters. Methods: The study included 87 implants in 87 patients undergoing regular follow-ups without hard or soft tissue augmentation one year after loading. Clinical measurements included plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BoP), probing depth (PD), KMW, and MT. MBL was assessed with periapical radiography. The peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) was analyzed for tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and microRNA-27a. Results: The MBL of implants with thin MT (<2 mm) was higher than that of implants with thick MT (≥2 mm) (p < 0.05). A significant negative correlation (r: −0.217) was established between MT and MBL. No significant association was found between KMW and MBL (p > 0.05). No significant associations was found between KMW and MT with TNF-α, RANKL, OPG and RANKL/OPG (p > 0.05), with the exception of increased microRNA-27a levels in implants with KMW ≥ 2 mm (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Implants with a thick MT had a lower MBL. There may be an association between adequate KMW and high miRNA-27a levels. The relationship between MBL and miRNA-27a remains unclear.
Rotational Thromboelastometry as a Diagnostic Tool for Persistent Infection in Two-Stage Exchange Arthroplasty
Authors: Tsantes Andreas G. , Papadopoulos Dimitrios V. , Goumenos Stavros , Trikoupis Ioannis G. , Tsante Konstantina A. , Koutserimpas Christos , Koulouvaris Panagiotis , Petrakis Vasileios , Vaiopoulos Aristeidis G. , Piovani Daniele , Nikolopoulos Georgios K. , Mavrogenis Andreas F. , Papagelopoulos Panayiotis J. , Bonovas Stefanos , Tsantes Argirios E.
Published: March 2024

Background/Objectives: There is a lack of reliable biomarkers for diagnosis of infection eradication prior to second-stage reimplantation in two-stage exchange arthroplasty for periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs). The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) for persistent infection in two-stage exchange arthroplasties. Methods: A pilot, retrospective analysis was performed including 70 patients who underwent a two-stage exchange arthroplasty for PJI. They were categorized as patients without (n = 64) or patients with persistent infection (n = 6) prior to reimplantation. Definition of persistent infection prior to reimplantation was based on the 2018 ICM criteria. Conventional coagulation biomarkers and ROTEM parameters were compared between groups. Results: Higher FIBTEM MCF values were associated with persistent infection (odds ratio [OR], 1.30, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04–1.63; p = 0.020), and FIBTEM MCF had the highest diagnostic accuracy for persistent infection prior to second-stage reimplantation (AUC, 0.907; 95% CI, 0.812–1.000). A cut-off value ≥ 18 mm for FIBTEM MCF was found to have 100.0% sensitivity and 73.4% specificity for diagnosing persistent infection prior to second-stage reimplantation. Moreover, the diagnostic accuracy of FIBTEM MCF was higher than that of fibrinogen levels (p = 0.036) and D-dimer (p = 0.006). Conclusions: Our findings indicate that ROTEM parameters have the potential to identify persistent infections before reimplantation in two-stage exchange arthroplasties for PJI. Such coagulation biomarkers could provide guidance regarding the optimal timing for reimplantation. Further studies in larger populations are warranted to validate the diagnostic accuracy of ROTEM parameters for persistent PJI.
Infodemiology of Influenza-like Illness: Utilizing Google Trends’ Big Data for Epidemic Surveillance
Authors: Shih Dong-Her , Wu Yi-Huei , Wu Ting-Wei , Chang Shu-Chi , Shih Ming-Hung
Published: March 2024

Background: Influenza-like illness (ILI) encompasses symptoms similar to influenza, affecting population health. Surveillance, including Google Trends (GT), offers insights into epidemic patterns. Methods: This study used multiple regression models to analyze the correlation between ILI incidents, GT keyword searches, and climate variables during influenza outbreaks. It compared the predictive capabilities of time-series and deep learning models against ILI emergency incidents. Results: The GT searches for “fever” and “cough” were significantly associated with ILI cases (p < 0.05). Temperature had a more substantial impact on ILI incidence than humidity. Among the tested models, ARIMA provided the best predictive power. Conclusions: GT and climate data can forecast ILI trends, aiding governmental decision making. Temperature is a crucial predictor, and ARIMA models excel in forecasting ILI incidences.
Dynamic Trends in Surgical Oromaxillofacial Trauma Epidemiology: A Comparative Study of Pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 Periods in Tertiary Referral Hospitals in Madrid
Authors: Sada-Urmeneta Angela , Tousidonis Manuel , Navarro-Cuellar Carlos , Ochandiano Santiago , Navarro-Cuellar Ignacio , Khayat Saad , Ruiz-de-León Gonzalo , Benito-Anguita Marta , Alvarez-Mokthari Sara , Olavarria Eduardo , Sanchez-Aniceto Gregorio , Herrero-Alvarez Sonia , de la Sen-Corcuera Oscar , Simon-Flores Anna-Maria , Almeida-Parra Fernando , Aragon-Niño Iñigo , del-Castillo Jose-Luis , Salmeron Jose-Ignacio
Published: March 2024

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has induced profound societal and healthcare transformations globally. Material and methods: This multicenter retrospective study aimed to assess potential shifts in the epidemiology and management of oromaxillofacial trauma requiring surgical intervention over a 1-year period encompassing the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, in comparison to the preceding year. The parameters investigated included age, sex, injury mechanisms, fractured bones, and treatment modalities. The statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: A notable 39.36% reduction in oromaxillofacial fractures was identified (p < 0.001), with no significant alterations in sex distribution, types of fractured bones, or treatment modalities. An appreciable increase in mean age was observed (35.92 vs. 40.26) (p = 0.006). Analysis of the causes of oromaxillofacial trauma revealed diminished incidents of interpersonal violence (41% vs. 35%) and sports-related injuries (14% vs. 8%), alongside an escalation in cases attributed to falls (27% vs. 35%), precipitation events (2% vs. 5%), and traffic accidents (12% vs. 13%). The mandible emerged as the most frequently fractured bone. Conclusion: In conclusion, the COVID-19 pandemic has decreased the number of maxillofacial fractures treated surgically and has changed the epidemiology and the etiology of facial traumas.