bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The metabolic milieu in melanoma: Role of immune suppression by CD73/adenosine
Authors: Passarelli Anna , Tucci Marco , Mannavola Francesco , Felici Claudia , Silvestris Francesco
Published: April 2019

The mechanisms leading to immune escape of melanoma have been largely investigated in relation to its tumour immunogenicity and features of inflamed microenvironment that promote the immune suppression during the disease progression. These findings have recently led to advantages in terms of immunotherapy-based approaches as rationale for overcoming the immune escape. However, besides immune checkpoints, other mechanisms including the adenosine produced by ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 contribute to the melanoma progression due to the immunosuppression induced by the tumour milieu. On the other hand, CD73 has recently emerged as both promising therapeutic target and unfavourable prognostic biomarker. Here, we review the major mechanisms of immune escape activated by the CD39/CD73/adenosine pathway in melanoma and focus potential therapeutic strategies based on the control of CD39/CD73 downstream adenosine receptor signalling. These evidences provide the basis for translational strategies of immune combination, while CD73 would serve as potential prognostic biomarker in metastatic melanoma.
Compassion Satisfaction, Burnout, and Secondary Traumatic Stress Among Critical Care Nurses in Iran
Authors: Salimi Sedigheh , Pakpour Vahid , Rahmani Azad , Wilson Marian , Feizollahzadeh Hossein
Published: April 2019

Introduction: This study investigated the relationship between compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction among Iranian nurses working in critical care units. Method: A cross-sectional, descriptive survey using the Professional Quality of Life instrument was administered to 400 nurses working in the intensive care units of Iranian hospitals. Results: High risk levels of burnout and secondary traumatic stress existed among 42% and 96% of participants, respectively. Significant positive relationships were detected between burnout and secondary traumatic stress. An inverse relationship was detected between measures of compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction. Discussion: To ensure culturally congruent care, it is important to evaluate professional quality of life within the context of specific cultures and societies. Iranian critical care nurses are at risk for burnout and secondary traumatic stress. Personal self-care and organizational wellness approaches that consider cultural norms should be designed to boost compassion satisfaction and reduce negative effects of stressful work environments.
Recruitment of Immigrant Hispanic Mothers in Research: An Application of the EERC Guidelines
Authors: Cartagena Diana , Matsuda Yui , McGrath Jacqueline M.
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Innovative and culturally sensitive strategies are needed to promote research participation among minorities and develop targeted interventions aimed at decreasing health disparities. The purpose of this article is to illustrate application of the EERC (evaluate, engage, reflect, and carefully match) guidelines in facilitating participant recruitment in a study exploring infant feeding practices of Hispanic mothers. Methodology: Retrospective application of the EERC guidelines assessed using data extracted from the researcher-study recruitment field notes. A systematic categorical process was used to determine if each of the guidelines’ key concepts were incorporated in the recruitment process. Results: Successful recruitment of 62 immigrant Hispanic mothers (approximately 82% of target goal) was accomplished through implementation of most of EERC criteria (90%) in planning and recruitment phases of the study. Discussion: Application of EERC guidelines facilitates recruitment of minority populations. Enhanced participant recruitment assists in assessment of population-unique conditions and targeted interventions leading to disease prevention and improved outcomes.
Afterword: The Columbine Effect on Culture, Policy, and Me
Authors: Muschert Glenn W.
Published: April 2019

This afterword considers the cultural effect of the 1999 Columbine High School shootings. I bring together the aspects of a traditional academic review with my personal reflections as a scholar who spent the past two decades researching its cultural and policy ramifications. Columbine is a noted milestone in the American cultural lexicon, and one that has become an important reference point for discussions of school violence and other social problems concerning youth. Columbine often serves as an inaccurate exemplar of the broader problem of youth violence, and this so-called “Columbine Effect” means that extreme cases exert a disproportionately strong influence on public discourse about the problem. Over the past 20 years, the net effect has been the acceleration of punitive anti-violence school policies that include policing, surveillance, and zero-tolerance policies. I consider my experience as a researcher in this area and conclude with modest suggestions for guiding policy development to mitigate the problem of violence in schools.
Surveying Vocational Rehabilitation Applicants Online: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Chandler Jesse J.
Published: April 2019

Web surveys enable efficient data collection, but their usefulness is potentially limited when studying people with disabilities, who often lack Internet access. We test the feasibility of collecting web survey data from a sample of state vocational rehabilitation (VR) applicants, inviting nonrespondents to complete a telephone interview instead. People who lacked Internet access were provided with a mobile device and wireless access and were as likely to complete the web surveys as people who already had Internet access. Respondents who elected to complete the survey online versus by telephone differed in level of education and VR experience. These findings suggest that for disability studies, web surveys are an important supplement to, but not a replacement for, traditional data collection efforts.
Reimagining Music Teacher Collaboration: The Culture of Professional Learning Communities as Professional Development Within Schools and Districts
Authors: Battersby Sharyn L.
Published: April 2019

Music educators are continually seeking new ways to better their practice and improve student learning. Professional learning communities are a type of collaborative community that when administered successfully provide a forum for music educators to become active participants in both their own learning and that of their students. While the notion of professional learning communities has been around since the 1990s, they have received renewed attention more recently due to the adaptation and implementation of Danielson’s popular Framework for Teaching, which has been implemented in many school districts across the country. Teachers facing the challenge of reshaping the culture of their music programs and seeing their initiative sustained will devise elements that will become embedded in that (school) culture. Supportive and shared leadership, shared values and vision, and collective learning are just some of the attributes that can contribute to student learning and the professional development of music teachers.
Systems or bodies? On how (not) to embody autopoiesis
Authors: Meincke Anne Sophie
Published: April 2019

Villalobos and Razeto-Barry’s embodied reformulation of the autopoietic theory (AT) replaces AT’s reference to autopoietic ‘systems’ with a reference to autopoietic ‘bodies’ so as to prevent an extended enactivist reading of AT. I argue that the specific notions of ‘body’ and ‘embodiment’ invoked by Villalobos and Razeto-Barry appear to be in tension with AT and are problematic as such.
Sclerosing Tumors of the Gastrointestinal Tract: A Systematic Approach
Authors: Chelliah Adeline , Kalimuthu Sangeetha N. , Chetty Runjan
Published: April 2019

Some lesions in the gastrointestinal tract have a propensity for sclerosis such that it may mask the actual true nature of the lesion. The purpose of this review is to highlight those lesions of the gastrointestinal tract that can be attended by sclerosis. The sclerosis can mask the cellularity of the lesion; hence, knowledge of the key lesions that are known to have sclerosis will be aid the diagnostic pathologist.
Renal Cell Carcinoma With Hemangioma-Like Features: Diagnostic Implications and Review of the Literature
Authors: Kim Eun Kyung , Jang Mi , Choi Yoon Jung , Cho Nam Hoon
Published: April 2019

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with clear cell morphology may show a prominent delicate vascularity. In this article, we report the morphologic and immunohistochemical features of a clear cell papillary RCC mimicking hemangioblastoma and a clear cell RCC mimicking hemangioma. Case 1 showed tubular and papillary growth of clear cells with distinctive areas of capillary proliferation and admixed stromal-like cells resembling a hemangioblastoma. Case 2 consisted of homogeneously delicate microvascular proliferations resembling a capillary hemangioma with scattered inconspicuous clear cells. The clear cells of Case 1 were PAX8(+), CK7(diffuse+), CA9(diffuse+, cup-shaped), and inhibin A(−). The hemangioblastoma-like areas were PAX8(+), CK7(−), CA9(diffuse+), and inhibin A(diffuse+). Case 2 showed PAX8(+), CK7(−), and CA9(diffuse+). They can be diagnostically challenging, and it is important to recognize that a pure hemangioma or hemangioblastoma of the kidneys is very rare, and that RCCs with clear cell morphology rarely exhibit hemangioma-like characteristics.
Simultaneous optimization of actuators' configuration and vibration control in ultra-precision motion systems with a time-varying performance location
Authors: Zhu Yu , Wang Jing , Zhang Ming , Yang Kaiming , Li Xin , Wang Leijie
Published: April 2019

Demands for both high accuracy and throughput levels of ultra-precision motion systems lead to a lightweight and flexible design, which makes the vibration control indispensable. Simultaneous optimization of vibration controllers and actuators' configuration (sizes and locations) could result in better vibration control performance. However, linear time-invariant vibration controllers that are mostly adopted in the optimization may not be adequate for motion systems with a time-varying performance location, while advanced vibration controllers are too complicated to be integrated into the simultaneous optimization. In this paper, a simple and effective vibration control method is proposed for ultra-precision motion systems with a time-varying performance location based on over-actuation and modal assumption principles, then the controller parameter and actuators' configuration are simultaneously optimized to minimize the H2 norm of vibration magnitudes across all performance locations for optimal global vibration control performance, meanwhile satisfying other mechanical requirements such as accelerations and currents constraints. R-functions and level-set functions are utilized to translate the complicated nonoverlapping constraints of actuators into a simple integral equality. The genetic algorithm is adopted for optimization solving. The proposed method is verified on a simplified fine stage in the wafer stage and the numerical results proved its effectiveness.
Obstetric Violence in Mexico: Results From a 2016 National Household Survey
Authors: Castro Roberto , Frías Sonia M.
Published: April 2019

Obstetric violence has not received the same amount of interest as other forms of violence against women (VAW). We assess the prevalence and factors associated with experiences of obstetric violence (obstetric abuse and violence, and nonconsensual care) among women between 15 and 49 years of age in their latest childbirth within the last 5 years by using the 2016 National Survey on Household Relationship Dynamics. ( N = 24,126 women). A total of 33.3% of Mexican women experienced obstetrical violence in their last childbirth: 23.6% experienced obstetric abuse and violence and 17.1% nonconsensual care. Gender interacts with other social stratification variables. Obstetric violence is an extended practice in health care services. It is a human rights problem that must be prevented and eradicated.
The impact of new cancer drug therapies on site specialised cancer treatment activity in a UK cancer network 2014–2018
Authors: Bhimani Jenna , Philipps Lara , Simpson Lawrence , Lythgoe Mark , Soultati Aspasia , Webb Andrew , Savage Philip
Published: April 2019

Introduction

Drug treatment for cancer has changed dramatically over the past decade with many new drugs often with multiple applications. More recently, the detailed pathway for approval from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) in the UK has been simplified. To explore how these changes have impacted on systemic anti-cancer therapy tumour site-specific prescribing and workload activities, we have reviewed the prescribing records for 2014–2018 in a UK cancer network.

Methods

Information about the numbers of new systemic anti-cancer therapy drugs and NICE approvals were obtained from print editions of the British National Formulary (BNF) and the NICE website. Data on the numbers of new chemotherapy courses and individual treatment-related attendances were obtained from the cancer network Chemocare electronic prescribing system.

Results

During the five-year study period, there were 49 new systemic anti-cancer therapy drugs for all tumour types, and a total of 65 NICE technology approvals for solid tumour indications. Overall numbers of treatment courses increased by 40.7% and total treatment-related visits by 80.6%. There was a wide variation across tumour types with the highest number of increased visits seen for melanoma (349.3%) and prostate cancer (242.3%), but in contrast, no appreciable increases were seen for lower gastrointestinal cancers or small cell lung cancer.

Conclusion

The study confirms the major impact of the arrival of new drug technology and positive NICE appraisals on increasing systemic anti-cancer therapy prescribing and chemotherapy unit activity. The data in this study may be of help in planning for future service delivery planning and workforce configurations.
Fracture behavior of periodically bonded interface of piezoelectric bi-material under compressive–shear loading
Authors: Kozinov S , Sheveleva A , Loboda V
Published: April 2019

A closed-form solution is constructed for a bi-material consisting of two piezoelectric (or piezoelectric and dielectric) half-planes, which are periodically bonded along the interface and can partially contact along the initially unbonded parts. Under compressive loading, the size of the frictionless contact zone is usually quite large; in some cases the interface is completely closed. Such a situation is frequently observed in industrial applications. Since the periodic bonding of two different materials is extremely widespread, it is very important to study the influence of the mutual material properties of the composite and the applied loading on the size and shape of the opened regions, as well as the stress intensity factor at the bonding points. To formulate the problem, the electromechanical factors are presented through piecewise analytic functions, so that the problem in question is reduced to the combined periodic Dirichlet–Riemann problem, which is solved exactly. The obtained solution provides explicit formulas for the mechanical stresses and displacements along the interface and allows one to find the dependence of the contact zones and the stress intensity factor on the ratio of the bonded parts of the interface to the period for the different values of applied loading and materials.
Nonstandard micro-inertia terms in the relaxed micromorphic model: well-posedness for dynamics
Authors: Owczarek Sebastian , Ghiba Ionel-Dumitrel , d’Agostino Marco-Valerio , Neff Patrizio
Published: April 2019

We study the existence of solutions arising from the modelling of elastic materials using generalized theories of continua. In view of some evidence from physics of metamaterials, we focus our effort on two recent nonstandard relaxed micromorphic models including novel micro-inertia terms. These novel micro-inertia terms are needed to better capture the band-gap response. The existence proof is based on the Banach fixed-point theorem.
Stress fields and effective modulus of piezoelectric fiber composite with arbitrary shaped inclusion under in-plane mechanical and anti-plane electric loadings
Authors: Xie Cihang , Wu Ying , Liu Zishun
Published: April 2019

The piezoelectric fiber composite, which has been widely used in vibration control of aeronautic and aerospace structures, contains an active layer constructed by piezoceramic fibers embedded in polymer matrix. In this paper, an analytical framework is developed to predict the stress fields and the effective elastic and piezoelectric modulus of a piezoelectric fiber composite with arbitrary shaped inclusion under in-plane mechanical and anti-plane electric loadings. Firstly, a three-phase model is presented based on the general self-consistent method. It assumes that a representative volume element, consisting of an arbitrary shaped piezoelectric fiber and non-piezoelectric matrix, is embedded in infinite equivalent medium of piezoelectric fiber composite. Also, in order to obtain the complex potentials in different phases, a new conformal mapping method is proposed to translate two arbitrary connected domains into an annular domain. Then, the general solution of each complex potential can be expressed in series form with some coefficients. The continuity conditions of the interfaces and the homogeneous conditions are used to build up a set of equations to determine the coefficients. After the complex potentials are solved, the exact stress responses and effective modulus of piezoelectric fiber composite with arbitrary shaped inclusion are obtained. It is shown that the piezoelectric fiber shape and volume fraction have significant influence on the stress distributions around the piezoelectric fiber and effective modulus of the piezoelectric fiber composite. Furthermore, the proposed analytical framework provides a powerful instrument for solving related problems about fiber-reinforced composites with imperfect interface or with coated phase.
Service Robots: Drivers of Perceived Responsibility for Service Outcomes
Authors: Jörling Moritz , Böhm Robert , Paluch Stefanie
Published: April 2019

The use of service robots is on the rise. Characterized by technology autonomy with a physical embodiment, service robots have a higher level of social presence than other service technologies. This research focuses on one specific phenomenon of such social encounters: attribution of responsibility. Study 1 explores potential antecedents driving the attribution of responsibility in encounters with service robots. We derive a research model, which is tested and expanded in three subsequent scenario-based experiments. In Study 2, we find that technology’s autonomy decreases perceived behavioral control over the service robot, which in turn decreases perceived responsibility for positive outcomes but not for negative outcomes. Study 3 indicates that perceived ownership of the service robot accounts for the high responsibility for negative outcomes irrespective of perceived behavioral control. In Study 4, we show that the potential to interrupt the service robots’ autonomy increases perceived behavioral control and perceived responsibility for positive outcomes. Our results propose theoretical implications for responsibility perceptions and practical implications for customer satisfaction with service robots.
Image Congruity or Functional Congruity? The Moderating Effect From the Social Visibility of Hotel Consumption at Different Price Levels
Authors: Su Na , Hu Yaou , Min Hyounae (Kelly)
Published: April 2019

Consumers maintain a balance between functional congruity and self-image congruity when choosing a hotel brand. We argue that the way in which consumers tip the balance is related to their perception on how socially visible or invisible their consumption of the hotel brand is. This study draws on the self-congruity theory and tests eight hotel brands in the United States. The results show that functional congruity, in general, has a greater effect than self-image congruity on the consumers’ attitude toward a brand. However, the effect of self-image congruity increases with the perceived social visibility of hotel consumption, and this increase is especially salient for high-priced hotels but is not with low-priced hotels. We show that whether the consumption of the brand is socially visible or invisible is an important factor to consider when trying to understand a consumer’s attitude toward a hotel brand.
Why Evaluation Theory Should Be Used to Inform Evaluation Policy
Authors: Christie Christina A. , Lemire Sebastian Thomas
Published: April 2019

Many organizations now have evaluation policies. Because formal evaluation policies intend to frame evaluation practice, it is important to understand the aims of policies and their influence on practice. Evaluation theory is also intended to guide practice; therefore, the extent to which policies are informed by theory is also important to consider, given the related purposes of evaluation theories and policies. Because evaluation policies have emerged with greater occurrence relatively recently, the conceptual and empirical work on the theory–policy–practice connection is limited. Our aim in this article is to flesh out the intersection between evaluation theory, policy, and practice. As illustrative examples, we discuss the three policies in terms of methods, use, and valuing—three core dimensions of evaluation theory. The article concludes with a set of reflections on the different strategies for and implications of a stronger integration of evaluation theory in evaluation policies.
A triad of retinal signs in Alport syndrome: The ‘stair-case’ fovea, choroidal thinning and peripheral schisis
Authors: Ghadiri NJ , Stanojcic N , Raja MSA , Burton BJ
Published: April 2019

Background:

Alport syndrome is an inherited Type IV collagenopathy characterised by renal failure, hearing loss and ophthalmic manifestations such as lenticonus and dot-and-fleck retinopathy. New signs have been described which can be useful both for diagnosis and for prognosticating the risk of complications. This study examines and describes a triad comprising the unusual ‘stair-case’ foveal sign, together with choroidal thinning and late-stage peripheral schisis in a patient with Alport syndrome.

Case presentation:

This is a case report of a 49-year-old Caucasian male with a background of X-linked Alport syndrome presenting with gradual and progressive diminution of vision in the left eye with a central blur. He had already undergone three renal allografts, was deaf and suffered from hypertension by the time of his first presentation to ophthalmology. On examination, corrected visual acuity was 6/9.5 in the right eye and 6/30 in the left eye. Optical coherence tomography imaging showed an unusual ‘stair-case’ sign of the fovea in both eyes, together with choroidal thinning. We postulate that an abnormal vitreomacular interface followed by vitreomacular traction and eventually separation, removing layers of the inner retina with the vitreous, led to this unusual appearance. Subsequently, this patient also developed schitic changes more peripherally in the retina which progressed over the following 5 years.

Conclusion:

The stair-case foveal sign, choroidal thinning and mid-peripheral schisis are three signs that clinicians might expect to encounter on optical coherence tomography imaging of patients with Alport syndrome. These findings can be attributed to unique mutations of collagen IV which lead to a variety of clinical phenotypes affecting basement membrane structures. Identification of these features may not only be useful diagnostically and in forecasting complications such as macular holes, but also predict mode of inheritance and likelihood of early-onset renal failure.
Cataract extraction in patients with primary congenital glaucoma
Authors: Morales-Fernández Laura , Martínez-de-la-Casa José María , Benito-Pascual Blanca , Saénz-Francés Federico , Santos-Bueso Enrique , Arriola-Villalobos Pedro , Escribano-Martínez Julio , García-Feijoo Julián
Published: April 2019

Objective:

To assess incidence and risk factors of cataract extraction in patients with primary congenital glaucoma, surgical outcome, and complications.

Material and method:

Retrospective cohort study, in which 108 patients with primary congenital glaucoma were included. Data collected were need for cataract extraction and at what age, intraocular pressure at diagnosis of primary congenital glaucoma, required antiglaucomatous surgeries, possible mutation in the CYP1B1 gene, and final visual acuity. Among the patients who required cataract extraction were visual acuity, intraocular pressure, and complications, evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively. The data were analysed with STATA.

Results:

A total of 198 eyes of 108 patients were included, with a median follow-up of 8 years (range: 5–53). In all, 32 eyes (16.2%) of 24 patients (22%) required cataract extraction. The median age for cataract extraction was 12.94 years (interquartile range: 2.42–22). The main identified risk factors associated with cataract extraction were antiglaucomatous surgeries (hazard ratio 1.48, p < 0.001) and valvular implant (hazard ratio 2.78, p < 0.001). Lens was implanted in 30/32 eyes and the main complications were intraocular pressure decontrol ( n = 13), capsular fibrosis ( n = 7), corneal decompensation ( n = 4), lens subluxation ( n = 4), and endophthalmitis ( n = 1). Visual acuity improvement was observed after cataract extraction in 66.67% of eyes.

Conclusions:

There is a high incidence of cataract surgery in patients with primary congenital glaucoma, but generally outside of pediatric age. A greater risk of cataract extraction was identified in those patients with a greater number of antiglaucomatous surgeries, especially after valvular implantation. Despite the high rate of complications related to cataract extraction in primary congenital glaucoma, good visual improvement was observed after surgery.
Ophthalmic, systemic, and genetic characteristics of patients with Wolfram syndrome
Authors: Ustaoglu Melih , Onder Feyza , Karapapak Murat , Taslidere Hasan , Guven Dilek
Published: April 2019

Purpose:

To evaluate the ophthalmic, systemic, and genetic characteristics of patients with Wolfram syndrome.

Methods:

In total, 13 patients with suspected or clinically diagnosed Wolfram syndrome underwent ophthalmic and systemic examinations and genetic analyses for Wolfram syndrome between August and October 2018.

Results:

The mean age of the subjects was 24.2 ± 7.1 years, of which 5 (38.5%) subjects were male and 8 (61.5%) were female. The mean best-corrected visual acuity ranged from counting fingers to 20/40, with a mean of 20/250 (1.10 ± 0.69 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution). Dyschromatopsia was present in all patients (100%). There was a severe decrease in the average peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer and macular ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer thicknesses (54.7 ± 6.5 and 51.9 ± 4.8 µm, respectively). Optical coherence tomography angiography showed significantly lower whole-image, inside disk, and peripapillary vessel densities in the patients with Wolfram syndrome than in the healthy controls (p < 0.001 for all). All patients who underwent genetic analyses had mutations in the WFS1 gene. Moreover, two novel mutations, p.Met623Trpfs*2 (c.1867delA) and p.Arg611Profs*9 (c.1832_11847del16) at exon 8, were detected. The frequency of systemic findings was as follows: optic atrophy (100%), diabetes mellitus (92.3%), central diabetes insipidus (38.5%), sensorineural hearing loss (38.5%), and presence of urological (30.8%), psychiatric (30.8%), and neurological (23.1%) diseases.

Conclusion:

Wolfram syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that can be associated with severe ophthalmic and systemic abnormalities. All patients who present with unexplained optic atrophy should be evaluated for Wolfram syndrome, even if they do not have diabetes mellitus because optic atrophy can sometimes manifest before diabetes mellitus.
Timing of referral for vascular access for hemodialysis: Analysis of the current status and the barriers to timely referral
Authors: Kim Suh Min , Han Ahram , Ahn Sanghyun , Min Sang-il , Ha Jongwon , Joo Kwon-Wook , Min Seung-Kee
Published: April 2019

Introduction:

Current guidelines recommend the placement of vascular access 6 months before the anticipated start of hemodialysis therapy; however, many patients start hemodialysis using a central venous catheter. We investigated the timing of referral for vascular access, the vascular access type at hemodialysis initiation, and the barriers to a timely referral.

Methods:

The study involved a retrospective review of 237 patients for whom the first vascular access for hemodialysis was created between January and November 2017.

Results:

Among the 237 patients, 58.2% were referred before hemodialysis initiation, while 41.8% were referred after hemodialysis initiation. Among the 138 patients, 55, 59, and 24 patients were referred more than 6 months, between 2 and 6 months, and within 2 months before hemodialysis initiation, respectively. Within these subgroups, 3.6%, 10.2%, and 75.0% patients underwent hemodialysis initiation with a central venous catheter, respectively. Among the 99 patients referred after hemodialysis initiation, the reasons for late referral were as follows: unexpected rapid progression of kidney disease (n = 23), noncompliance (n = 21), late visit to the nephrologist (initial visit within 2 months of hemodialysis initiation; n = 14), change of treatment strategy from peritoneal dialysis or transplants (n = 9), and unknown reasons (n = 32).

Conclusion:

Only 23% of patients were referred for vascular access 6 months before the anticipated hemodialysis therapy. In addition, 53% of patients initiated hemodialysis with a central venous catheter. Avoidance of catheter insertion was mostly successful in patients referred 2 months before hemodialysis initiation. The most common modifiable barrier to the timely referral was noncompliance.
Percutaneous removal of a precariously placed pericardial peripherally inserted central catheter
Authors: Tyner Trevor , McNaught Noelle , Shall Matthew B. , Lessne Mark L.
Published: April 2019

Peripherally inserted central catheters provide access to the central chest veins and allow administration of long-term antibiotics, chemotherapy, blood products, fluids, and parenteral nutrition. Peripherally inserted central catheters provide an essential function and are routinely placed safely, but are not without risks. This case describes an unusual complication of peripherally inserted central catheter perforation into the pericardial space with subsequent successful percutaneous removal.
Better Together: A Pilot Study on Cooking Matters for Adults With Developmental Disabilities and Direct Support Professionals
Authors: Barnhart Wesley R , Havercamp Susan M , Lorenz Allison , Yang Emily A
Published: April 2019

Adults with developmental disabilities face barriers to making healthy lifestyle choices that mirror the barriers faced by the direct support professionals who serve them. These two populations, direct support professionals and adults with developmental disabilities, are likely to lead inactive lifestyles, eat unhealthy diets, and be obese. Moreover, direct support professionals influence the nutrition knowledge, attitudes, and health behaviors of the adults with developmental disabilities whom they serve. We piloted a cooking-based nutrition education program, Cooking Matters for Adults, to dyads of adults with developmental disabilities (n = 8) and direct support professionals (n = 7). Team-taught by a volunteer chef and nutrition educator, Cooking Matters for Adults uses an active learning approach to teach food preparation safety skills and nutrition knowledge to inform healthy food and beverage choices. We assessed healthy food preparation, intake of a balanced diet, healthy food and beverage choices, and cooking confidence and barriers at pre-test, post-test, and 6-months after the intervention. Among both adults with developmental disabilities and direct support professionals, positive trends in healthy food preparation, eating a balanced diet, and reduction in cooking barriers were observed at post-test and 6-months. We also qualitatively assessed knowledge of and attitudes toward healthy eating, frequency of food and beverage intake, knowledge about kitchen skills and safety, as well as overall satisfaction, cooking confidence, and acceptability of the dyad approach. Participants with developmental disabilities and direct support professionals reported that they learned about healthy food and beverage choices and various cooking skills. Participants reported confidence in skills learned and were satisfied with the intervention and approach of including adults with developmental disabilities and direct support professionals in the intervention together.
Acceptability of Mental Health Facilities and De-addiction Centers in India
Authors: Singh Pahul Preet , Goel Ishan , Mondal Amit , Khan Farooq Ali , Singh Ashish Kumar , Dubey Preeti , Chaudhary Sushma , Reddy P Venkata Anil Kumar , Rodrigues Viola , Bassi Vidhi , Ahuja Karan , Shetty Abhidith , Sahu Anjan Kumar , Jodha Karan , Singh Nilesh , Das Suprabhat , Sharma Rimi , Bagaria Ria , Poojary Sushmitha , Gohil Shrey M , Bonu Abhilash , Vazirani Sushmita , Esfandiari Leila , Shukla Sunil , Shukla Shubha , Khurana Sukant
Published: April 2019

Not much is known about disease prevalence, treatment outcomes, trained manpower, programs, and patients’ awareness of diseases from South Asia, compared with the Western world. While other aspects are improving, the quantitative evaluation of awareness of diseases is lagging. Compared with other diseases, the situation for mental health disorders and addiction is worse. While no single study can fully quantify all aspects of awareness, a good starting point is to understand if increasing the number of mental health facilities is beneficial by understanding people’s perception toward the likelihood of contracting various diseases, their preferred approach to treatment, and their perception of whether there are enough current facilities. We surveyed over 8000 families across several states of India and asked if they would treat a particular problem at home, visit a local healer, seek religious council, or go to a modern hospital for treatment. Our questions also included non-medical options to assess how likely people are to avoid trained medical help. We also asked people about their perceived likelihood of a family member ever suffering from (1) diarrhea, (2) high fever, (3) alcoholism, and (4) schizophrenia and other mental health problems. We reversed the order of diseases in our questions for a fraction of the population to evaluate the effect of order of questioning. Finally, we asked, if people feel they have enough local healers, religious places, general hospitals, de-addiction centers, and mental health facilities. Despite the taboo around mental health, many people claimed that their family members were unlikely to contract mental health or addiction problems, people recognized the severe paucity of mental health facilities and de-addiction centers. This raises hope for improving the mental health situation in India. We also found a significant relation between education levels and choices people make, underscoring the positive role education has in improving mental health.
Ulnar Nerve Injuries Post Closed Forearm Fractures in Paediatric Population: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Stavrakakis Ioannis M , Daskalakis Ioannis I , Magarakis George E , Christoforakis Zacharias , Katsafarou Maria S
Published: April 2019

Ulnar nerve injury as a result of closed forearm fractures in children is a rare but disastrous complication, affecting significantly the function of the upper extremity. The management of these injuries is still controversial in the literature. This is a review of small case series and case reports, in which an algorithm of treatment is proposed. A brief description of a relative case, which was treated successfully in our department, is presented as well. This case motivated the authors to perform this study.
Disconnective intimacies through social media: practices of transnational family among overseas Chinese students in Australia
Authors: Zhao Xinyu
Published: April 2019

This article investigates Chinese international students’ everyday transnational family practices through the use of social media. Specifically, the article highlights the relevance of two interlinked forms of disconnection in these students’ daily negotiations of ambivalent cross-border family relations in an age of always-on connectivity. The first form involves their disconnection from the general public via their creation of intimate spaces on social media that are exclusive to their family members. The second form involves the students detaching themselves from such intimate spaces, often temporarily, to escape and resist familial control and surveillance. I conclude the article by developing the notion of ‘disconnective intimacy’ to conceptualise contemporary Chinese transnational families. This article contributes to the literature on the transnational family by providing an insight into the micro-politics of mediated co-presence through the trope of ‘disconnective practice’.
The associations of healthful weight-control behaviors with psychological distress and changes in body mass index among young adults
Authors: Elran-Barak Roni
Published: April 2019

The aim of this research is to study young adults who try to lose weight using only healthful weight-control behaviors. Secondary analyses of the US National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add-Health, N = 3,882) were performed. Females who used only healthful weight-control behaviors had lower self-esteem than females who did not try to lose weight, and less depressive symptoms than females who used unhealthful weight-control behaviors. Data suggested that females who used only healthful weight-control behaviors were at higher risk for gains in body mass index than females who did not try to lose weight. This study adds to the extant literature about weight-control behaviors by highlighting that people who try to lose weight using only healthful weight-control behaviors merit special attention from both scientific and practical points of view.
How to start a human rights film festival: Expertise, training and collective media activism
Authors: Bowles Eagle Ryan
Published: April 2019

In this article, I examine how stakeholders in the Human Rights Film Network (the Network) support and mentor activists around the world in how to start a human rights film festival. I focus on the role that international human rights film festival (HRFF) training workshops and the Network’s handbook play in connecting and offering guidance to media activists around the world, in turn expanding the global reach of human rights media activism. I draw on participant-observation I conducted during the ‘Cinema Without Borders’ workshop (The Hague, The Netherlands) as well as in-depth interviews with HRFF organizers. I connect those observations to a discursive textual analysis of two editions of the Network’s free online handbook. HRFF training workshop leaders and participants come together around a shared ideal (human rights) and a shared aspiration (to put together human rights–centered film events in their local communities). Yet, participants can reshape the human rights universal in their own media activism in markedly different ways based on local meanings and lived experiences. Such differences emerged through interactions I witnessed and were most clear in moments of misunderstanding, disagreement, concern or even just curiosity. My work is an ethnography of global connections: I approach HRFF training workshops as sites of what Anna Lowenhaupt Tsing terms ‘friction’ – sites that connect stakeholders whose relationship to human rights are quite different and provide fertile ground for interactions defined by their ‘awkward, unequal, unstable, and creative qualities’. Though defined by uneven flows of knowledge and power, I argue that HRFF training workshops provide an important case study for how activist collaboration can work productively in an era defined by the global circulation of cultural forms and practices. They are sites of global exchange where the meanings of human rights media activism are co-produced and co-created. Finally, I offer a vision for how media activist pedagogy can approach inevitable friction and, in turn, facilitate more ethical, equitable collective activism.
The raced constitution of Europe: The Eurobarometer and the statistical imagination of European racism
Authors: Slootweg Anne , van Reekum Rogier , Schinkel Willem
Published: April 2019

Centering upon the first Europe-wide public opinion survey of racism, carried out by the Eurobarometer in 1988, this article explores how studying European public opinion research can shed light on what we call the raced constitution of Europe. Based on an analysis of this Eurobarometer survey, we scrutinize how Eurobarometer opinion polling involves a constant scale-switching through which ‘Europe’ and ‘racism’ are co-produced. As we argue, techniques of European opinion polling contributed to the imagination of a ‘European’ ideological whole, from which stabilized categories of ‘non-European others’ were excluded. By creating an opposition between ‘democratic Europe’ and ‘individualized xenophobia’, racism was enacted as a lower class attitude ‘not of Europe’ and as a permanent rem(a)inder of the past that serves to legitimate the project of European integration.
Social cohesion, Twitter and far-right politics in Australia: Diversity in the democratic mediasphere
Authors: Lewis Jeffrey , Pond Philip , Cameron Robin , Lewis Belinda
Published: April 2019

The concept of ‘social cohesion’ has become an orthodoxy in governmental and academic discourse, augmenting the complex of progressive and liberal politics that have formed around the modern, multicultural and globally engaged nation-state. The reinvigoration of far-right politics is challenging this orthodoxy, at least inasmuch as these politics appear to be gaining traction through the strategic manipulation of increasing insecurity within these democratic states. This article examines these challenges conceptually and through an empirical case study. The case study examines the appearance in 2016 of Senator Elect Pauline Hanson on the ABC’s Q&A television programme. The article examines Twitter discourses that were generated around the far-right senator’s appearance on the broadcast programme. The article concludes that ‘social cohesion’ and its role in electoral, participative and deliberative democratic processes is a largely inadequate discursive buttress to the complex of language wars within which the concept is besieged.
Academic benefit of outgroup contact for immigrant and nonimmigrant students
Authors: Wölfer Ralf , Caro Daniel H. , Hewstone Miles
Published: April 2019

Based on social network theories, outgroup contact does not only improve intergroup relations, but can also facilitate the academic development of students due to the social capital and the uniquely supportive information and resources it provides. In the present study, 12,376 students (14.42 years; 50% girls; 38% immigrant students) from 591 classes across three countries (Germany, the Netherlands, and Sweden) provided information on social network data, academic achievement, socioeconomic status (SES), and cognitive ability. Social network analysis determined the intergroup network connectedness of students. As expected, country-specific multilevel models reveal a positive linear relationship between outgroup contact and academic achievement for immigrant students in all models, and a negative curvilinear (i.e., concave) relationship between outgroup contact and academic achievement for nonimmigrant students in 2 out of 3 models, while controlling for SES, cognitive abilities, and total network integration. These findings suggest the academic value of outgroup contact for immigrant students and signal its potential for nonimmigrant students.
Examining the role of perceived prestige in the link between students’ subjective socioeconomic status and sense of belonging
Authors: Jury Mickaël , Aelenei Cristina , Chen Chen , Darnon Céline , Elliot Andrew J.
Published: April 2019

Low socioeconomic status (SES) students have a lower sense of belonging to college than high-SES students. Due to the importance of sense of belonging in the college pathway, understanding the reason for this relation is particularly important. Here, we argue that in addition to having less access to resources, low-SES students in the college context also perceive themselves as having lower prestige than their high-SES counterparts. Thus, in the present research, we tested perceived prestige as a mediator of the link between subjective SES and sense of belonging to college. We conducted 3 studies in 2 different countries (USA and China), and these investigations provided evidence that the lower students’ subjective SES, the lower their self-attributed prestige, and that prestige mediated the relation between students’ subjective SES and their sense of belonging to college. The implications of these findings for understanding the collegiate experience of low-SES students are discussed.
Accounting for unequal access to higher education: The role of social identity factors
Authors: Nieuwenhuis Marlon , Manstead Antony S. R. , Easterbrook Matthew J.
Published: April 2019

Western societies stress the potential for anyone, irrespective of social background, to improve their position within society. However, disadvantaged students face barriers in gaining a good education. Two studies in secondary schools show how perceptions of identity compatibility and anticipated fit influence students’ university choices. It was found that relatively disadvantaged students scored lower on identity compatibility, and that low scores on identity compatibility were associated with lower anticipated fit at a local selective (Study 1) or highly selective (Study 2) university. Anticipated fit, in turn, predicted the type of university to which participants wanted to apply; those who anticipated fitting in more at selective universities were more likely to apply to higher status universities. These relations were significant while controlling for academic achievement. Together, these studies suggest that social identity factors play a relevant role in explaining higher education choices among low-status group members.
Influence of lateral loading direction on the peak shear strength of non-rectangular reinforced concrete squat walls
Authors: Ma Jiaxing , Li Bing
Published: April 2019

Peak shear strength is a critical parameter in the evaluation of the seismic performance of structural walls. Different equations have been proposed to predict the peak shear strength of reinforced concrete squat walls in literature, which assume lateral loading is parallel to the web. In reality, however, seismic waves can reach structures from any direction, which necessitates the studies on the behavior of structural walls under various lateral loading directions. Unlike rectangular walls, non-rectangular walls naturally possess the capacity to resist lateral loads in both transverse and longitudinal directions. To explore the peak shear strength of such walls under different lateral loading directions, a widely used nonlinear finite element software Diana 9.4 was utilized in this article. Appropriate modeling approaches were first selected and further validated by simulating relevant experiments. Then a comprehensive parametric study was carried out to investigate the influence of lateral loading directions and other important parameters.