bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Public Participation and Human-Wildlife Conflict Management in Taita-Taveta County, Kenya
Authors: Mwakio Mwadime Hedlam , Mbataru Dr. Patrick
Published: October 2024

Human-Wildlife Conflict poses a threat to both human development and wildlife conservation. Due to rapid human population growth and over-dependence on agriculture, encroachment on wildlife habitats has become a major challenge that fuels HWC. This study sought to find out the relationship between public participation and HWC management in Taita-Taveta County, Kenya. The study was anchored on stakeholders’ theory. The study was descriptive and was done in Taita Taveta county. A population of 15889 households within Mwatate Sub-County was targeted, with a Sample size of 375. A simple random sampling technique was used to determine the sample. Data were collected by the use of questionnaires featuring a combination of structured and unstructured questions. Regression analysis and Chi-square tests were conducted on the variables. The influence of public participation on Human-Wildlife Management had several proxies including knowledge of ongoing HWC management strategies. Regression analysis established that, as long as all other factors are held constant, per unit increase in the number of people who know the ongoing management strategies, the log odds of Human-Wildlife Management increase by 1.755. Knowledge of the ongoing management strategies, therefore, increases the chances of Human-Wildlife Management. The study concluded that the involvement of the victims can go a long way in promoting a positive attitude to HWC management and as well promote knowledge of ideal HWC mitigation measures. It is paramount to have all aggrieved parties front their aspirations and find a common ground in coming up with a resolution. In addition, participatory monitoring and evaluation should be deployed to ensure consensus on the results and outcomes of implemented strategies.
Analysis of Board Composition and Performance of Five-Star Hotels in Kenya
Authors: Muhando Mariam , Guyo (PhD) Prof. Wario , Moronge (PhD) Dr. Makori
Published: October 2024

The hospitality industry plays a critical role in a country’s economic development. In Kenya, even though the sector is the second largest foreign exchange earner the industry faces a myriad of challenges. The purpose of the study was to assess the relationship between board composition and the performance of five-star hotels in Kenya. The study was anchored on the situational leadership theory. The study adopted a descriptive research design. The findings revealed that board composition had a positive and significant effect on the performance of five-star hotels. The study concluded that there exists a positive significant relationship between board composition and performance of five-star hotels in Kenya. The study recommends that board composition needs to be facilitated to improve the performance of five-star hotels in Kenya. This could go a long way in ensuring there is improved performance of five-star hotels in Kenya.
Stakeholder Involvement in the Implementation of Solid Waste Management Policies in Wajir Municipality, Wajir County, Kenya
Authors: Ibrahim Abdullahi Abdi , Mbataru Dr. Patrick
Published: October 2024

A policy framework for solid waste management is embedded in the Kenyan Constitution 2010. This is designed to ensure that citizens enjoy the right to a clean and healthy environment. Even though the policies are considered adequate to guarantee proper solid waste management in Kenya, county governments grapple with solid waste management. Available policy frameworks have not translated to improved solid waste management in major cities and municipalities such as Wajir Municipality. This study, therefore, assessed the effect of stakeholder involvement on successful execution of SWM policies in the Municipality of Wajir. The study was anchored on the integrated sustainable waste management model. It adopted an explanatory study design. The study population was all 404 employees of the Municipality of Wajir at all management levels. Sample size was 201 employees from this municipality. Both descriptive and inferential analysis were used to examine the data. The study found that involvement of stakeholders in the implementation of these policies had a positive and significant impact. In particular, the frequency of municipal dialogue and consultative meetings with important solid waste management stakeholders, the frequency of stakeholder education and awareness campaigns on solid waste management, and the prompt feedback given to these stakeholders for their participation in solving key problem areas. The study concluded that stakeholder involvement is a pertinent institutional determinant of the implementation of solid waste management policies in Wajir Municipality. The study recommended the need for regular and sustained stakeholder education and awareness campaigns on solid waste management.
The Effects of Diaspora Remittances on Household Level Healthcare in Kericho County, Kenya
Authors: Sang Victor , Kiruthu Felix
Published: October 2024

The diaspora constitutes millions of people from developing countries living outside their country of birth. These people have migrated to other countries searching for better opportunities or as a result of socioeconomic and political challenges. As part of maintaining their connections with relatives in their home country, these migrants continuously send money to their families for support. Remittances channeled by persons living in the diaspora into their indigenous jurisdictions have become a source of capital in developing economies which has significantly enhanced socio-welfare as well as presenting the families with better opportunities for income generation. The current study sought to examine how these Diaspora remittances affect livelihoods in Kericho County. The study specifically examined the effects of household healthcare on household livelihoods in Kericho County Kenya. The focus of the study was the residents of Kericho County who are beneficiaries of diaspora remittances. The study was anchored on pure altruism and rational choice theories. A descriptive research design was used in this study. A total of 1393 households of the emigrants were targeted. From the target population, the study sampled 10% (139 respondents) who were selected using a convenience sampling technique. The study obtained a 98% response rate. The research findings showed that household healthcare had a positive effect on livelihood promotion within Kericho County 49.9% (adjusted R2=0.499).
Electronic Cargo Tracking and Trade Facilitation Among Clearing and Forwarding Companies at Inland Container Deport Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Munene Erick Ndume , Odunga Dr.  Robert , Soi Dr. Neddy
Published: October 2024

The increasing forces of globalization around the world require that goods and services are moved from one part of the country to the other hence the need for customs. It is the responsibility of KRA to ensure that all taxes have been collected on behalf of the government of Kenya. However, several challenges have been evident in the operations of KRA as far as the realization of its objectives of customs system automation on trade facilitation is concerned. The purpose of this study was to establish the effect of electronic cargo tracking on trade facilitation among clearing and forwarding companies at inland containers deport Nairobi, Kenya. The study was grounded by the New Trade Theory. The explanatory research design was used.  The target population of this study was the 369 clearing and forwarding agents and KRA staff and transporters, and a sample size of 191 respondents. Primary data was collected through a close-ended questionnaire. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study found that electronic cargo tracking has a positive and significant effect on trade facilitation (β = 0.323; p = 0.000). The study emphasized the direct contribution of electronic cargo tracking to the enhancement of trade facilitation processes.  KRA is recommended to support research initiatives that focus on the continuous improvement of customs systems and trade facilitation technologies. The study recommends that KRA establish robust monitoring and evaluation mechanisms to assess the implementation and impact of electronic cargo tracking. The study recommends that the treasury establishes and implement policies that encourage the seamless integration of advanced technological solutions within the customs and trade facilitation processes.
The Effect of Social Norms on Value Added Tax Compliance among Small and Medium Enterprises in Embu Town
Authors: Timothy Kimani , Bruce PhD Dr. Ogaga , Yusuf PhD Dr. Kibet
Published: October 2024

Despite the increasing need to raise the level of revenue collection, Kenya still faces the challenges of low tax compliance. The broad objective of the study was to determine the effect of social norms on value tax compliance among small and medium enterprises in Embu town, Kenya. The study was guided by social influence theory. The study adopted an explanatory research design and targeted a population was 1050 small and medium enterprises in Embu town. A sample size of 290 was drawn from this population and the response rate was 74%. Primary data collection was employed using closed structured questionnaires from study's objective. The data was analyzed using descriptive, inferential statistics and multiple linear regression analysis. A correlation analysis conducted before testing for coefficients shows that there was a positive and significant linear relationship between social norms and value tax compliance r=0.696. The coefficient table indicates that social norms have a positive effect on VAT compliance β= 0.138 (p=0.006<0.05). Based on the findings the study recommends that Kenya Revenue Authority integrate insights from behavioral economics into tax compliance theories. Explore how psychological factors such as social norms can be incorporated into models predicting taxpayer behavior. Further research may be conducted to investigate the effect of technology on VAT compliance.
Effect of Bank Size on Earnings Retention for Investment by Commercial Banks in Kenya
Authors: Sivi Robert Katuku , Christine Kabui Anne , Chege Jacob
Published: October 2024

The Kenyan economy has continued to register dismal performances in the last few years and banks can play a facilitative function because of their intermediary role. The study sought to find out if the size of a commercial bank has any influence on its level of earnings retention for investment. The retention of earnings by a bank each financial year can have critical importance because it provides a source of funds for investment. The findings of the study are helpful to the management of commercial banks in education to shareholders. The study was anchored on the pecking order theory. The bank size parameters were cash at Central Bank of Kenya and property assets, net borrowed funds, investor funds, and the paid dividend. Though the total banks' population was 39, the study involved 36 banks as units of analysis. To test the impact of size on earnings retention in commercial banks in Kenya, a linear regression model was run. Analysis of the data revealed that 83 % of banks’ earnings retention is influenced by cash at CBK and property assets, net borrowed funds, investor funds, and paid dividends. The results pointed out that, cash at CBK and Property assets, net borrowed funds, and investors’ funds have a positive significant impact on earnings retention while paid dividends have an insignificant impact on earnings retention. Any commercial bank intending to expand its operations by use of retained earnings should work towards increasing variables with significant positive influence or decreasing the parameters with significant negative influence. By this, the commercial banks in Kenya will maximize utilization of the cheapest source of funds for investment and this will also lead to increased earnings due to reduced expenses related to capital acquirement from other sources.
Effect of Tax Invoice Management System on Value Added Tax Compliance Among Small and Medium Enterprises in Eldoret Town, Kenya
Authors: Menin Beatrice Jerop , Olweny, PhD Tobias , Kapkiyai, PhD Dr. Collins
Published: October 2024

Purpose: Tax is an important stream of revenue for government’s development projects and therefore all efforts must be made by governments to ensure that it is accurately and efficiently collected so as to facilitate the government’s operations. The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of tax invoice management system on Value Added Tax compliance among small and medium enterprises in Eldoret town, Kenya. The study was guided by Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) Theory.
Methodology: The research design for this study was explanatory. The population of this study will be 3872 SMEs in Eldoret town and sample size of 362 SMEs who are SME owners/Managers. Questionnaire was used to collect primary data and analysis will include both descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results: The study found that Tax invoice management system and value Added Tax compliance is positive and statistically significant β=0.483.
Conclusion: In conclusion the study revealed that there was a significant relationship between Tax invoice management system and Value Added Tax compliance among small and medium enterprises in Eldoret town, Kenya. The study recommends that that KRA should formulate policies to enhance and actively promote the adoption of Tax invoice management systems among SMEs.
Effect of Transfer Pricing on Corporation Tax Compliance Among Multinational Corporations in Nairobi Kenya
Authors: Pareno Solonka Brian
Published: October 2024

Purpose: Tax is a compulsory contribution that is made by the citizens of a country to the government for the provision of public utilities. It is evident from the National Tax Policy, 2024 that the Kenya Revenue Authority (KRA) and the government at large have recently shown a lot of interest in multinationals due to the complexity of their operations and the tendency for them to come up with complex tax avoidance mechanisms. This has also been complicated by the widespread abuse of transfer pricing models adopted when dealing with multinational corporations operating in Kenya. This study looked into effect of transfer pricing on corporate tax compliance among multinational corporation companies in Kenya. The study was guided by the following theories, AS theory, the Slippery Slope Framework, and the theory of the planned behavior.
Methodology: The study employed an explanatory research design. The target population was 221 multinational corporations’ companies and a sample size of 142 respondents. Questionnaires were used to collect primary data and analysis was descriptive statistics include frequency, percentage, and mean while inferential statistics included correlation and multiple regression.
Results:  The study findings found out most companies in Nairobi, Kenya have transfer pricing policies that are moderately but not adequately in line with domestic tax statutes. Most companies will use transfer pricing as a tool to reduce their tax liabilities. Further, KRA is moderately but not adequately efficient in monitoring and regulating transfer pricing practices in our company.
Conclusion: The study results concluded that transfer pricing affects corporation tax compliance Based on the findings, the study recommends there is a need for exchange of information and more international collaborative efforts from a policy, legal, and academic front to address aggressive tax avoidance practices from MNCs. Therefore, future studies can be conducted on the impact of Dispute resolution mechanism on corporation tax performance.
Effect of Capital Deductions on the Financial Performance of Listed Companies at the Nairobi Securities Exchange in Kenya
Authors: Wambui Mwangi Esther , Tarus Dr. John K. , Bor Dr. Jones
Published: October 2024

Purpose:  Shareholders’ wealth maximization is a priority objective of every corporate entity. The issue of corporate tax planning and firm value is gaining relevance following the recent financial crises which resulted in the increasing collapse of global and local companies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of capital deductions on the financial performance of companies listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE) in Kenya. The study was anchored on signaling theory.
Methodology: The study adopted both explanatory and longitudinal research. Secondary data for the study for the period between 2013-2022 was extracted from annual financial statements of 57 listed firms targeted for analysis. The data for the study was analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics using statistical techniques including Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis. All the analyses were done using the STATA version 13.0 Pearson correlation results revealed a significant association between study variables and financial performance. Multiple Linear regression model was used to analyze relationships and the effect of the study variables.
Results: The study findings established that capital deductions (β = 0.844, p-value = 0.000, <0.05) have a positive and significant effect on financial performance. The study contributes to knowledge by revealing new insights that tax planning has a significant effect on financial performance of listed firms in Kenya.  Specifically, it was established that capital deductions have a significant effect on financial performance of listed firms.
Conclusion: The study concludes that a holistic approach to tax planning and an optimal mix of tax planning strategies are important determinants and have a positive contributory effect on firm performance. The study recommends that companies’ management should strive to have an in-depth understanding of tax laws to take advantage of every opportunity that will reduce their tax liability thereby increasing their returns and value.  The future researchers should explore the effect of Indirect tax incentives on financial performance.
Effect of Court Suits on Value Added Tax Compliance Among Small and Medium Enterprises in Machakos Town, Kenya
Authors: Muli Winfred Nduku , Nekesa Dr. Marion , Langat Dr. Kenneth
Published: October 2024

Purpose: Value Added Tax non-compliance is an area of concern for all government and tax authorities and it continues to be an important issue that must be addressed. The general objective of the study was court suits on Value Added Tax compliance among the Small and Medium Enterprises in Machakos Town, Kenya. The study was guided by Agency theory and ability to pay theory.
Methodology: The target population was 5412 Value Added Tax Registered Small and Medium Enterprises operators located in Machakos Town. The sample size was 372 Value Added Tax Registered Small and Medium Enterprises operators. Out of the 372 issued questionnaires only 275 were correctly filled and submitted in a timely fashion signifying a 73.9% response rate. The study employed explanatory study design. Primary data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires. The pilot study was done in Kitui town and the data analysis was both descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics covered frequencies, mean, standard deviations and variances. Inferential statistics included Pearson’s correlation and regression analysis.
Results: The study found that court suits significantly affected VAT compliance in a positive way β=0.261 p<0.05.
Recommendation: The study recommends that taxpayers should be aware of the legal consequences of non-compliance, as court suits can drive adherence to VAT regulations
Eskimo orientation systems
Authors: Fortescue Michael
Published: October 2024

Data concerning local terms for cardinal and wind directions have been gathered from all areas of the Eskimo-speaking Arctic, selectively presented in the form of maps, and analyzed into underlying parameters. Focus has been placed on terms that apply over wider geographical areas than those of the well-known common system of Eskimo demonstrative stems as applied to the immediate surroundings. An extension of a subset of the latter is nevertheless central to the generalized system of three basic orthogonal parameters in terms of which the highly heterogenous data is analyzed. It is argued that this abstracted system - whether in its coastal or riverine variants - may be a more reliable guide to Eskimos discussing journeys over complex Arctic terrain than compass orientation can provide. The origins of the system in relation to the alignment of the walls and entrance of the traditional Eskimo house is discussed in diachronic terms.
Eskimo clothing from Qilakitsoq
Authors: Møller G.
Published: October 2024

The grave find at Qilakitsoq, with its eight fully clad mummified bodies and 25 additional articles of clothing, was so well preserved that it made possible a description of the dress of Eskimo women in the fifteenth century. and of the advantages and apparently few drawbacks of this clothing in the arctic climate.
The mummies from Qilakitsoq – Palaeopathological aspects
Authors: Hart Hansen J. P.
Published: October 2024

The preservation of the eight Eskimo bodies found near Qilakitsosq , dating from around A.D. 1475, is due to mummification. The bodies, their garments and their loose belongings desiccated by a combination of dry air and low temperatures.
The scope of the anthropological, medical and odontological investigations was restricted because the four best-preserved bodies were conserved with the garments in situ. Thus, more extensive examination could not be carried out and only noninvasive methods such as X-ray examination were permissible. The remaining four bodies were partly decayed. Only in a single body could internal organs be identified. In this 18–22-year-old woman severe anthracosis was found.
Immunological investigations employing the Western blot technique and immunohistochemistry were negative. Bacteriological investigations showed the presence of Clostridium perfringens in an abdominal cavity as the only potentially pathogenic bacteria in the mummies. Most probably the find was made by chance.
It was not possible to establish either the cause or the manner of death for several of the mummies. There are indications that the smallest child, mummy 1, was buried alive, which was not unusual in ancient Greenland when a mother died leaving an infant child. The four-year-old boy, mummy 2, suffered from Down's syndrome and Legg-Calvés-Perthes’ disease and thus had a lowered resistance to infections and other disorders. Mummy 8 probably died of a nasopharyngeal carcinoma. In the other mummies the cause of death has not been established with any certainty. Infectious diseases, starvation, hypothermia, drowning, and poisoning have been mentioned in this connection.
Nor was it possible to decide with any certainty if all or any of the bodies had been buried simultaneously or at intervals of decades. Indications of several burials were found in both graves. Only in one case could the time of death (July/August) be established with some certainty.
Electron microscopy of the skin of a Greenlandic mummy
Authors: Kobayasi T. , Ammitzbøll Thorkild , Asboe-Hansen Gustav
Published: October 2024

This study was carried out during the archaeological examination of a Greenlandic mummy by the Danish National Museum.
A nodule on the dorsal surface of the right fourth finger of a 500-year-old mummy from Greenland was studied by electron microscopy. The tissue showed outlines of tissue components such as keratinocytes, melanocytes, vessels, nerves, and histiocytes as well as collagen and elastic fibres.
Histopathological examinations of eyes
Authors: Ry Andersen S. , Prause J. U.
Published: October 2024

Mummified tissue from the upper arm of the six-year-old child was processed according to various rehydration and staining schedules. A 0.2% concentration of the wetting agent "Comfort" in a 0.9% saline was found useful. Staining with Eskelund's combined Alcian blue-van Gieson-elastin and haematoxylin-phloxine-saffron made it possible to distinguish between human and non-human structures. Remnants of the eyelids, sclera, choroid, lens and retina with melanine granules were found in the orbits. These structures revealed no sign of intravital lesions.
Isolation and eradication of fungi contaminating the mummified corpses from Qilakitsoq
Authors: Svejgaard E. , Stenderup A. , Møller G.
Published: October 2024

During the period when they were kept at the National Museum, Copenhagen, the mummies demonstrated increasing contamination with fungi. followed by decomposition of the material. The fungi were isolated and identificated as the species Penicillium, Aspergillus and Botrytis. After decontamination with gamma radiation (2- 2.5 megarad) the mummies were transported in tight plastic bags to the museum in Nuuk, Greenland. To avoid recontamination they are now displayed in airtight showcases at a suitably low temperature and humidity.
Estimation of age at death and histomorphometric analysis of cortical and trabecular bone from four Greenlandic mummies
Authors: Thompson David D. , Cowen K. S. , Laughlin S. B.
Published: October 2024

Iliac crest and femoral bone specimens from four Greenlandic mummies were assessed. Estimated ages at death were calculated, cortical bone mass and bone histological variables from the cortical bone specimens and trabecular bone volume, surface area and diameter from the iliac crest specimens were measured. The cortical bone did not show pathological changes. The trabecular bone variables indicated that one woman was osteoporotic.
Trace metals in human and animal hair from the 15th century graves at Qilakitsoq compared with Recent samples
Authors: Hansen Jens C. , Toribara T. Y. , Muhs Ann G.
Published: October 2024

Samples from eight Qilakitsoq mummies were analysed by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, providing a multielement longitudinal analysis along a single strand of hair to obtain concentration profiles. Comparison of the profiles could indicate whether all mummies had died at the same time. No characteristic profiles were found and consequently the question was not answered.
Atomic absorption spectrometry was used to analyse six mummy hair samples, and 22 present day hair samples. In addition nine animal hair samples from the graves and ten present day seal hair samples were analysed. Quantitative measurements of metals have shown an increase with time for the toxic metals mercury and lead, while cadmium and copper were unchanged, and zinc showed a slight increase. Definite decreases were found for bromine. iron and selenium.
The increase of exposure to toxic metals is assumed to be due to an increase in pollution of the northern hemisphere, while the decrease in essential micronutrients is due to the change in eating habits towards more imported food in the Greenlandic diet.
Disease pattern in Upernavik in relation to housing conditions and social group.
Authors: Bjerregaard Peter , Bjerregaard Beth
Published: October 2024

From April 1979 to March 1980 all 2673 contacts between the 836 inhabitants of Upernavik town, West Greenland, and the local medical officers were recorded together with information on social conditions and housing standard. Housing conditions included size of house, space per inhabitant, heating, and water supply; pronounced differences were observed between Greenlanders and Danes of Upernavik and between different social groups of Greenlanders.
In comparison with general practice in Denmark the following disorders were less frequently registered in Upernavik: Infectious children's diseases, cancer, diabetes, minor mental disorders, high blood pressure, coronary artery disease and urinary infections. On the contrary, gonorrhea, chronic otitis, impetigo and accidents were more frequently encountered in Upernavik.
Danes of Upernavik had a low rate of admissions to hospital compared with Greenlanders of corresponding social group, and low incidences and contact rates for all diseases.
In Greenlanders of Upernavik the rate of admissions to hospital for all causes, as well as contact rates for skin and respiratory infections, were highest in the lowest housing standard and social groups and in the smallest households.
Contact rates for all causes together and for accidents were similar in the socio-economic subgroups.
Pradedančiojo socialinio darbuotojo atsparumą išbandantys veiksniai
Authors: Šumskienė Eglė , Charenkova Jūratė , Banevičiūtė-Čirgelienė Sigita
Published: October 2024

Straipsniu siekiama nustatyti pradedančiojo socialinio darbuotojo atsparumą išbandančius veiksnius. Tyrimas atskleidė, kad darbuotojo atsparumą išbandantys veiksniai susiję ne tik su asmeniu ir organizacijos kultūra, bet ir su platesniu socialiniu, politiniu ir kultūriniu kontekstu, apimančiu profesinės veiklos įvaizdį ir teisinio reguliavimo ypatumus.
Çekişmeli Üretici Ağlar Kullanılarak Medikal Görüntülerin Sanal Hematoksilen ve Eozin (H&E) Boyanması
Authors: Aydın Musa
Published: October 2024

Tıbbi görüntülerin sanal boyanması işlemi dijital patolojide önemli bir yaklaşım olarak görülmektir. Geleneksel doku boyama zaman alan, uzmanlık gerektiren, boyamanın uzmandan uzmana değişkenlik gösterdiği yoğun bir süreçtir. Derin öğrenme yaklaşımı kullanılarak sanal boyama ile görüntü kalitesinin iyileştirilmesi ve manuel boyamadan kaynaklı maliyetlerin azaltılması sağlanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, boyamasız tüm slayt görüntülerin (WSI-Whole Slide Images) Hematoksilen ve Eozin (H&E) boyalı görüntü çiftlerini sanal olarak boyamak için koşullu çekişmeli üretici ağ (cGAN- The Conditional Generative Adversarial Network) tabanlı bir derin sinir ağının uygulanmasını araştırmaktadır. Açık kaynak olarak sunulan bir veri setini kullanarak, sonuçlarımızı daha büyük bir veri seti kullanan bir referans çalışmayla karşılaştırıyoruz. Sadece yedi adet WSI kullanan yaklaşımımız, 68 WSI kullanan referans çalışmayla karşılaştırıldığında Yapısal Benzerlik İndeksi (SSIM), Tepe Sinyal-Gürültü Oranı (PSNR) ve Pearson Korelasyon Katsayısı (PCC) açısından rekabetçi bir performans göstermektedir. Ayrıca çalışmamızda çekişmeli üretici ağın eğitim sürecinde önerdiğimiz hibrit kayıp fonksiyonu ile sentetik görüntüler ve gerçek görüntülerin değerlendirilmesi sağlanmıştır. Çalışmamızda elde edilen sonuçlar SSIM, PSNR ve PCC değerlerinin ortalaması sırasıyla 0,668, 21,487 ve 0,872 iken, referans çalışmada bu değerler sırasıyla 0,724, 22,609 ve 0,903 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, GAN'ların yüksek kaliteli sanal boyama görüntülerini elde etme potansiyelini ortaya koyarak, kapsamlı veri kümelerine olan ihtiyacı azaltmaktadır ve böylece dijital patoloji için verimlilik ve tekrar edilebilirliği artırmaktadır.
Formation of a risk management system for causing harm (damage) by drivers of vehicles
Authors: Kalyuzhny Yury Nikolaevich
Published: October 2024

The subject of the study is the norms of law and scientific sources characterizing the supervision of compliance by road users with the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation on road safety. The object of the study is public relations related to the need to improve the supervision of compliance by road users with the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation on road safety. The methodological basis of the study was a complex of general scientific and private scientific methods of cognition (formal legal, analytical, system analysis, synthesis, modeling, comparison, etc.), special scientific (technical and legal analysis, etc.). The scientific novelty of the study is expressed in the author's proposals aimed at improving the supervision of drivers of transport. The author's general conclusion is the statement that considering the need to develop new mechanisms of control (supervision) in relation to transport drivers, it seems justified to form legal tools corresponding to the basic postulates enshrined in the legislation of our country regulating control (supervisory) activities, that is, using a risk-based approach. In the context of the implementation of control (supervision) in relation to economic entities, it seems necessary to form a risk management system for causing harm (damage) to drivers of vehicles. The risk management system for causing harm (damage) by transport drivers should basically contain a score scale, taking into account the existing experience of the historical past used in Soviet times and its special implementation in foreign countries.
Features of the legal regulation of the use of aquatic biological resources by indigenous minorities
Authors: Semenova Irina  Vladimirovna
Published: October 2024

The article deals with the peculiarities of legal regulation of the use of aquatic biological resources by small indigenous minorities of the Russian Federation. The legal status of indigenous minorities is analyzed, and it is also noted why the indigenous minorities of the North, Siberia and the Far East of the Russian Federation have a special position in the field of traditional fishing. The author considers the problematics of the rights and obligations of the peoples of the North in relation to the extraction of aquatic biological resources. Special attention is paid to modern legislative gaps existing in this sphere. The main ways of solving the identified problems are defined and the effectiveness of existing legislative acts is evaluated. The author analyzed the draft law No. 309477-8, designed to amend the Federal Law “On Fishing and Conservation of Aquatic Biological Resources”. The main conclusions of the study are, formulated by the author proposals to improve the legislation, as well as the problems of legal regulation in this area discovered by him. The author proposed the introduction of the term “traditional fishing” into the Law on Fishing. In addition, the application procedure for obtaining quotas for traditional fishing was identified as one of the main problems of small indigenous minorities of the North in their fishing. The author identified the need to detail the draft law No. 309477-8 in terms of the implementation of the new mechanism in practice, especially with regard to fixing the volume of catch of aquatic biological resources and the gear used for their extraction. The study revealed the expediency of providing representatives of indigenous minorities of the North with preferential quotas for economic activities in order to develop entrepreneurial activity in their environment.
Administrative responsibility for violations in the field of land reclamation
Authors: Ustyukova Valentina Vladimirovna
Published: October 2024

The relevance of the article is due to the fact that it is devoted to a little-studied topic in the science of administrative law. Meanwhile, offenses in the field of land reclamation, considered in science as land offenses and offenses with "environmental characteristics", may pose a certain threat to ensuring food and environmental security in Russia, since they contradict the goal of ensuring rational use of land, primarily agricultural land. Effective detection and prevention of these offenses should contribute to increasing the responsibility of various entities engaged in activities in the field of land reclamation, which should contribute to the goals of ensuring environmental protection in the process of reclamation activities. The subject of the study is the norms of Articles 10.9 and 10.10 of the Code of Administrative Offences of the Russian Federation, the practice of their application by the courts, as well as legal literature on this topic. The purpose of the article is to discuss controversial issues in the doctrine of administrative law in relation to the relations under consideration, to characterize the composition of these offenses, to identify gaps and contradictions in judicial practice. The methodological basis of the research consists of general scientific methods of cognition (analysis, synthesis, etc.), and special methods (formal legal, comparative legal, etc.). It is noted that in the course of practical implementation of the norms of administrative responsibility for offenses in the field of land reclamation, there are shortcomings in the formulation of offenses. In particular, the low amounts of administrative fines provided for by the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation do not contribute to the prevention of the commission of these offenses. The Rosselkhoznadzor territorial authorities also do not always properly perform their duties in this area. The scientific novelty of the work consists in the conclusions formulated about an urgent need to eliminate shortcomings both in the formulation of the elements of offenses in the specified articles of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation, including in the aspect of increasing the amount of fines for the relevant acts, and in the practice of applying the articles under consideration. Attention is also drawn to the need to improve the activities of the Rosselkhoznadzor territorial authorities.
Architectural features of Nikolsk-Ussuriysky station at the end of the XIX – first quarter of the XX century
Authors: Glatolenkova Ekaterina
Published: October 2024

The article is part of a study of the architecture of the railways of the Far East and is devoted to the history of one of the most important junction stations of the Trans-Siberian Railway, a class III station in the city of Nikolsk-Ussuriysky, modern Ussuriysk in Primorsky Krai. The subject of the study is the architectural and urban planning features of the development within the boundaries of the railway exclusion zone at the station, adopted in the late XIX – early XX century. The author pays special attention to the urban planning structure of the station settlement and the analysis of projects and buildings of residential buildings for railway workers. Graphic reconstructions of residential buildings were carried out, plans for the location of tracks and buildings at the station of various periods were analyzed: from the beginning of the construction of the Trans-Siberian railway in 1891 to the first years of Soviet power. The research methods adopted in the work are based on classical general scientific methods, such as the historical method, methods of architectural analysis and graphic reconstruction. The materials used are the results of archival surveys and field surveys of the Ussuriysk railway station area conducted by the author in 2018-2024. The presented analysis is not exhaustive, due to the extremely heterogeneous nature of the available materials, however, consideration of drawings of plans for the location of tracks and buildings at the station, which were not previously published and of a utilitarian nature, allowed Ussuriysk to take a fresh look at the layout and development of the Ussuriysk, highlight the area of the railway station and note the architectural and urban planning techniques used, characteristic of other stations in the Far East the direction. A compact section of the city adjacent to the railway tracks, known as the Railway Slobodka, is considered, on the territory of which a number of objects built in the late XIX – early XX century have been preserved. The author's contribution to the research of the topic is the introduction of new materials into scientific circulation that can be used by other specialists in their scientific work.
Compositional and stylistic features of the banking architecture of Northeast China in the first half of the 20th century.
Authors: Smolianinova Tatiana Anatolyevna
Published: October 2024

The subject of the study is the architecture of banking institutions in Northeastern China (Manchuria) in the first half of the 20th century. The object of the study is the analysis of the compositional and stylistic features of the architecture of banking facilities. The author examines in detail such aspects as the compositional and stylistic features of the architecture of such institutions in the context of the periodization of the development of the banking architecture of the region. Special attention is paid to the analysis of explicit typological trends. The boundaries of the study are determined by the period of active development of the banking architecture of the region, which began after the construction of the CER (1897) and ended with the end of Manchukuo (1945). Geographical boundaries are defined by the historical borders of Manchuria, which today include the provinces of Heilongjiang, Jilin (Jilin) and Liaoning. At the same time, the analysis of objects was carried out using the example of the largest cities – Harbin, Changchun, Shenyang, Dalian, where historical buildings have been preserved to a greater extent. Classical empirical research methods, such as observation and examination, were used to obtain factual material. Theoretical methods such as comparison, analysis and synthesis, as well as an inductive approach, allowed us to identify patterns of development of the architecture in question. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time the main compositional and stylistic features of the architecture of banking facilities in the region were identified and classified, as well as their genesis was analyzed. The study revealed that the main influence on the development of the architecture of banking institutions was exerted by the Japanese colonial architecture of the region. Two main directions are highlighted: the first is the use of motifs and techniques of the Tatsuno style at an early stage of development; the second is the use of the Yoshitoki Nishimura approach in the 1920s. It is revealed that it was the latter style that became prevalent during the Manchukuo period. The main conclusions of the study are to identify the main features of banking architecture: the use of colonnade elements in the form of an order system, three-quarter semi-columns or pilasters that supported a massive cornice and flanked by the plane of the facade, forming a kind of U-shaped frame.
XieYi's legacy in the context of the challenges of the fourth technological revolution
Authors: Li Zhuoyi
Published: October 2024

In China, freehand brushwork is an important part of traditional culture. It is rooted in China's long history and profound cultural soil, and embodies the unique aesthetic concept and philosophical thought of the Chinese nation. Freehand brushwork is not only an artistic expression method, but also a spiritual pursuit and philosophical thinking. With the rapid progress of globalization and the rapid development of modern science and technology, traditional cultural arts are facing unprecedented challenges and opportunities. In the wave of the fourth industrial revolution, advanced technologies represented by artificial intelligence, big data, and virtual reality are profoundly changing society, and the way of artistic creation and dissemination have also undergone tremendous changes. In this context of rapid technological development and multicultural integration, preserving the humanistic spirit and cultural value of traditional Chinese freehand brushwork has become an important topic of concern for contemporary artists and cultural scholars. This article aims to explore how to broaden the expression form and cultural dissemination method of freehand brushwork art with the help of modern science and technology, so that it can keep up with the development of the times while maintaining the traditional spiritual core and radiate new vitality. It is hoped that as science and technology develop, a balance can be found between tradition and modernity, so that Chinese traditional culture and art can maintain their unique national and humanistic characteristics in the process of globalization and continue to contribute unique wisdom and value to world culture.
The ideas of Christianity in the mirror of the "poem" by Fr. Messiaen "St. Francis of Assisi. Franciscan scenes"
Authors: Azarova Valentina Vladimirovna
Published: October 2024

Considering the semantic space of Franciscan spirituality in “Saint Francis of Assisi. Franciscan Scenes” by Messiaen, the author of the article looks into a modern interpretation of Christian ideas that are relevant to St. Francis’ life and work. The author analyzes symbolic images and fundamental ideas pertaining to high scholastic period and more precisely, the way those ideas reflect in the concept of Messiaen’s ‘poem’. The meaning of some hagiographic texts touching upon the life and work of St. Francis has been found out in the poem, as well as a few theological ideas of modern thinkers, namely Claudel, Guardini, Teilhard de Chardin, Balthasar. It is also noteworthy to point out some semantic coincidences and differences of interpreting the ideas of Catholicism in Claudel's mystery “The Tidings brought to Mary” and in Messiaen's poem. For the first time, the method of hermeneutic reconstruction has been applied to interpreting Messiaen’s intent as to the concept of his work. Discerning the ideas of high scholastics depicted in his poem leads to creating a new idea of Franciscan spirituality. Moreover, similarities and differences in the interpretation of Catholic ideas have been unprecedentedly revealed in P. Claudel's mystery “The Tidings brought to Mary” and Messiaen's “Franciscan Scenes”. Messiaen captures examples of St. Francis’ spiritual exploits and his evangelical life and death by paraphrasing philosophical and poetic writings which date back to the last years before the saint's demise: “The Canticle of the Creatures,” “The Canticle to Brother Sun,” “A Salutation to the Virtues”, and “On true and perfect Joy”. Through an artistic lens Messiaen looks at such Chistian ideas as revelation; a relationship between man, the world and God; predestination / providence; “illumination”; death and resurrection of the dead’ divine truth; “all things are good”; true and perfect joy.
Deepening the strategic partnership between China and Russia in the context of the modern international environment
Authors: Li Ning
Published: October 2024

The relevance of the study is due to the rapid development of bilateral political and economic relations between the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China in the context of modern international conjuncture, the rise of a direct and proxy confrontation between the states of the collective West and the countries of the global South, to which Russia and the PRC can be attributed. Moreover, it is worth mentioning the influence of the most important and current foreign political event of recent years: the beginning of a special military operation of the Russian Federation in Ukraine, which is the driver of bilateral relations between the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China. The object of study is the bilateral relations between the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China. The subject of study is the strategic partnership between China and Russia in the context of the modern international environment. The main task is to identify the key reasons for the rapid development of bilateral cooperation between the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China after the activation of the Ukrainian crisis in 2013. This work is based on the power transition theory which concretises the process of global leadership transition from one state to another. The scientific novelty of this study is based on the definition of the Ukrainian crisis, which began in 2013, as the main driver of development of bilateral cooperation between the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China. Moreover, the author has identified the most pressing problems of bilateral cooperation between the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China, to which can be attributed the imbalance of political and economic cooperation, trade imbalance by groups of exported goods and technological dependence of Russia on the PRC.