bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microscopic analysis of Valeriana stolonifera and Valeriana collina leaves
Authors: Kokitko V. I. , Odyntsova V. M.
Published: November 2024

Plants of the Valeriana species are distributed in various parts of the world, especially in Europe and Asia. A high content of polyphenolic compounds, including flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids with expressed biological activity, was previously identified within the herb of the studied Valeriana species. Morphological and anatomical data can be used in phylogenetics of species and genera to find out diagnostic and age-related characteristics of plants. This led us to microscopic studies of aerial organs of the above-mentioned Valeriana species.
The aim of the work is to conduct a comparative study of the diagnostic features within the morphological and anatomical structure of Valeriana stolonifera and Valeriana collina leaves.
Materials and methods. Both raw and dried plant material of V. stolonifera and V. collina was used for microscopic studies. Temporary micropreparations were made using generally accepted methods. The anatomical features of the raw material were examined using Carl ZEISS “AxioStar Plus” and “Primo Star”.
Results. The study identified key morphological and anatomical features of the species, which should be considered for the identification and standardization of promising medicinal plant materials and within the development of methods of analytical and regulatory documentation.
Conclusions. The key microscopic differences in the leaves of the studied species lie in the structure of the adaxial and abaxial surfaces of the leaf blade. The upper epidermis consists of large elongate cells with wavy walls. The cells of the lower epidermis are smaller and have more sinuous walls compared to the upper epidermis cells. The degree of wall sinuosity varies between species – V. collina is characterized by more sinuous cells in both the upper and lower epidermis compared to V. stolonifera. The absence of stomata on the upper epidermis is a common feature for both species.
Computer prediction of toxicity of new S-alkyl derivatives of 1,2,4-triazole
Authors: Kalchenko V. V. , Shcherbyna R. O.
Published: November 2024

1,2,4-Triazole derivatives are of researchers’ significant interest due to their diverse biological properties, such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antioxidant activities. The integration of a 2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl fragment into the triazole structure can significantly enhance these activities. However, the evaluation of the toxicity of such compounds remains a critically important aspect for their practical application. To reduce the time and cost of experimental studies, QSAR (Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship) methods are actively used, allowing the prediction of toxicity based on the molecular structure of compounds.
Aim of the study. To assess the toxicity of new S-derivatives of 5-(2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-4-R-1,2,4-triazol-3-thiols using the QSAR method, specifically to predict acute toxicity parameters (LD50), and to determine the influence of different (length) radicals on the toxicity of these compounds.
Materials and methods. The objects of the virtual study were derivatives of 5-(2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-4-ethyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-thiols. They were evaluated at the Department of Toxicological and Inorganic Chemistry of the Zaporizhzhia State Medical and Pharmaceutical University. The toxicity assessment was conducted using the nearest neighbor method via the Toxicity Estimation Software Tool (TEST). The prediction of the lethal dose (LD50) for rats was based on the structural similarity of the studied compounds with known substances, for which experimental toxicity data are available.
Results. The conducted QSAR analysis demonstrated that structural changes in S-derivatives of 5-(2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-4-ethyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-thiols significantly affect the predicted toxicity. The primary factor influencing the changes in LD50 values is the variation of radicals at the 5th position of the triazole ring.
Conclusions. The results of the study showed, that the toxicity of new S-alkyl derivatives of triazol-3-thiols depends on the type of alkyl substituent. Compounds with propyl to heptyl fragments exhibit increased toxicity, while derivatives with thiol, octyl, nonyl, and decyl residues are characterized by lower toxicity.
Grouping, Subsumption, and Disjunctive Join Optimizations in Oracle
Authors: Ahmed Rafi , Pasupuleti Krishna Kantikiran , Tirupattur Sriram , Sheng Lei , Su Hong , Ziauddin Mohamed
Published: November 2024

Query optimization must evolve with new workloads. As analytic and data warehouse workloads become more ubiquitous, optimization techniques that reduce the amount of data processed during query execution, enable shared computation and avoid expensive data access and joins must be rigorously explored. In this paper, we present aggregate-decomposition techniques as enhancements to an existing query transformation that performs grouping before joins. Consequently, the transformation generates more query rewrite candidates and can also be applied to a larger set of queries. Further, we introduce two new query transformations, i) subsumption of views and subqueries that explores opportunities for sharing computation and ii) union-all duplicator transformation for queries with disjunctive join predicates that removes the need for multiple data access and joins. These techniques are applicable to commonly noticed query patterns in customer workloads and provide significant performance benefit as indicated in our performance study. They have been implemented in Oracle RDBMS.
Composable Data Management: An Execution Overview
Authors: Pedreira Pedro , Majeti Deepak , Erling Orri
Published: November 2024

The trend of decomposing monolithic data management systems into a stack of reusable components has quickly gained momentum across the industry. Although a series of open-source projects have emerged targeting different layers of the stack, execution engines are of special importance due to the complexity they encapsulate, and the demand to optimize price-performance. In this tutorial, we will survey the space of composability in data management, focusing on the execution layer. We will discuss the main APIs, integration with existing and novel data management systems, and how specialized behavior can be accommodated by using extensibility APIs. With an emphasis on analytics, we will take a deeper dive into performance, discussing modern aspects of vectorization, compressed (encoding-aware) execution, and adaptivity. While the presentation is contextualized using real-world examples and experience while developing the Velox open-source execution engine and integrations with existing systems like Presto (Prestissimo) and Spark (Gluten), the concepts and techniques discussed are generally applicable to other execution engines. Finally, we will discuss future trends and ongoing work regarding novel file formats, compressed execution opportunities, and nascent hardware acceleration efforts, highlighting current challenges and open questions. With a survey of the state-of-the-art in this space, we hope this tutorial will help motivate individuals and organizations to embrace composability and promote collaborations across related projects.
A Data-Driven Spatiotemporal Simulator for Reinforcement Learning Methods
Authors: Shi Dingyuan , Song Bingchen , Zhang Yuanyuan , Yang Haolong , Xu Ke
Published: November 2024

Spatiotemporal applications such as taxi order dispatching and warehouse task scheduling depend critically on the algorithms for operational efficiency. However, the inherent dynamic nature of these applications presents challenges in algorithm design. The growth of mobility services has facilitated the collection of extensive spatiotemporal data, which in turn prompted algorithm designers to use data-driven methods. Reinforcement learning (RL), recognized for its strong performance and suitability for spatiotemporal contexts, has garnered considerable research interest. Despite their potential, RL algorithms necessitate the use of a simulator for both training and validation purposes. However, no specific simulation system has been developed for spatiotemporal algorithm design. This vacancy hinders the progress of spatiotemporal algorithm designers. In this demo, we build a system called Data-driven Spatiotemporal Simulator (DSS), hoping to bring convenience for spatiotemporal algorithm designers. DSS is adept at handling problems related to taxi order dispatching and warehouse task scheduling and possesses the versatility to be expanded for other user-defined scenarios. The system includes visualization modules that offer insightful panels, alongside developer tools designed to streamline the development process. This enables designers to efficiently craft, evaluate, and refine their algorithms, potentially accelerating innovation in spatiotemporal application development.
SpannerLib: Embedding Declarative Information Extraction in an Imperative Workflow
Authors: Light Dean , Aiashy Ahmad , Diab Mahmoud , Nachmias Daniel , Vansummeren Stijn , Kimelfeld Benny
Published: November 2024

Document spanners have been proposed as a formal framework for declarative Information Extraction (IE) from text, following IE products from the industry and academia. Over the past decade, the framework has been studied thoroughly in terms of expressive power, complexity, and the ability to naturally combine text analysis with relational querying. This demonstration presents Spanner-Lib---a library for embedding document spanners in Python code. SpannerLib facilitates the development of IE programs by providing an implementation of Spannerlog (Datalog-based document spanners) that interacts with the Python code in two directions: rules can be embedded inside Python, and they can invoke custom Python code (e.g., calls to ML-based NLP models) via user-defined functions. The demonstration scenarios showcase IE programs, with increasing levels of complexity, within Jupyter Notebook.
DataLoom: Simplifying Data Loading with LLMs
Authors: van Renen Alexander , Stoian Mihail , Kipf Andreas
Published: November 2024

Schema discovery and data loading is a crucial step in any data analysis pipeline. While this used to be a rare task, in the highly dynamic field of machine learning and modern business intelligence on top of data lakes, today it has become a frequent, but often underestimated, activity. Existing tools often focus on single files, presume prior knowledge of the data on the user's side or a significant amount of manual labor.

In this paper, we improve the process of mapping a "chaotic" set of files to an initial database schema that can then be iteratively refined and loaded. The idea is to take the previously tedious parts of this process and automate them through the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) while leaving already well-understood problems such as constraint discovery to existing algorithms. We thus carefully orchestrate the use of LLMs for the "soft" problems and traditional algorithms for the "hard" problems. This creates a more seamless schema discovery and data loading experience that minimizes the time to first insight for users. We show this vision on modern schema discovery and data loading in our web-based prototype called DataLoom that serves as our demonstration.
Covariant projective representations of Hilbert–Lie groups
Authors: Neeb Karl-Hermann , Russo Francesco G.
Published: November 2024

Hilbert–Lie groups are Lie groups whose Lie algebra is a real Hilbert space whose scalar product is invariant under the adjoint action.
These infinite-dimensional Lie groups are the closest relatives to compact Lie groups.
In this paper, we study unitary representations of these groups from various perspectives.
First, we address norm-continuous, also called bounded, representations.
These are well known for simple groups, but the general picture is more complicated.
Our first main result is a characterization of the discrete decomposability of all bounded representations in terms of boundedness of the set of coroots.
We also show that bounded representations of type II and III exist if the set of coroots is unbounded.
Second, we use covariance with respect to a one-parameter group of automorphisms to implement some regularity.
Here we develop some perturbation theory based on half-Lie groups that reduces matters to the case where a “maximal torus” is fixed, so that compatible weight decompositions can be studied.
Third, we extend the context to projective representations which are covariant for a one-parameter group of automorphisms.
Here important families of representations arise from “bounded extremal weights”, and for these, the corresponding central extensions can be determined explicitly, together with all one-parameter groups for which a covariant extension exists.
Zivilgesellschaftliche Bildungsorganisationen
Authors: Priemer Jana , Rößler-Prokhorenko Charlotte , Hutter Swen
Published: November 2024

Bildungsexpert:innen sind sich einig: Bildung ist mehr als Schule. Was bislang kaum gesehen wird: Auch die Zivilgesellschaft trägt mit verschiedenen Angeboten zur Bildung bei. Dies wird besonders durch einen erweiterten Bildungsbegriff sichtbar, der Bildung nicht auf die Phase der Kindheit und Jugend beschränkt, sondern als lebenslangen Prozess versteht. Zudem werden durch einen erweiterten Bildungsbegriff auch jene Bildungsprozesse betrachtet, die in zivilgesellschaftlichen Institutionen stattfinden, wie in Museen, Vortragssälen oder in Vereinen. Vor diesem Hintergrund nimmt der Beitrag zivilgesellschaftliche Organisationen und ihre Bildungsbeiträge in den Blick. Basierend auf originären Befragungsdaten von mehr als 4500 zivilgesellschaftlichen Organisationen wird gezeigt, dass Bildungsaktivitäten in der organisierten Zivilgesellschaft weit verbreitet und vielfältig sind. Zivilgesellschaftliche Bildungsorganisationen stellen eine wertvolle Bildungsressource dar, die jedoch aufgrund der herausragenden Rolle des freiwilligen Engagements als besonders verletzlich und nicht selbstverständlich anzusehen ist.
How grammatical constructions contribute to responsibility attribution in GBV coverage: a corpus-assisted study
Authors: Yang Chunhong , Zhang Yuanyuan , Zheng Youqi
Published: November 2024

The portrayal of key participants in gender-based violence (GBV) by the media has been analyzed as ideologically driven by critical discourse analysis (CDA) scholars. Nevertheless, previous studies of media coverage of GBV cases with a CDA approach were confined to qualitative analysis while quantitative evidence was lacking and were perpetrator-oriented without the victim’s perspectives. Addressing these gaps, this study conducted a case analysis of four British newspapers, each representing different political inclinations. Results revealed that the political inclinations did not influence media’s preference for certain constructions. However, the perpetrator was ascribed with a much greater degree of agency in high frequency active constructions. Even in passive and nominal constructions, he was specified more frequently than deleted, contradicting most previous research indicating that the perpetrators were often deleted to conjure away responsibility. We also verified the significance of the context particularly in interpreting the agentless passive and nominal constructions. Further research from diachronic and reader-oriented perspectives should bring more converging evidence.
Nanoparticles and their application in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Li Xinxin , Cao Weihua , Zhang Ziyu , Wang Shiyu , Jiang Tingting , Deng Wen , Yang Liu , Bi Xiaoyue , Lin Yanjie , Lu Yao , Zhang Lu , Xu Mengjiao , Yi Wei , Xie Yao , Li Minghui
Published: November 2024

Most patients are at advanced stages when they are diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma, leading to poor prognosis and a low 5-year survival rate. Serological markers, ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, and liver biopsy are the common clinical diagnostic techniques for liver cancer. Effective interventions in the early stage will be beneficial to improve the prognosis of liver cancer patients and reduce the global burden. Therefore, it is urgent to develop new diagnostic methods to improve the diagnosis and management of liver cancer. Nanotechnology has become a new frontier subject in medical detection along with the application of nanomaterials in the manufacture of drug carriers, diagnostic tools, and therapeutic devices. Many studies have shown that nanoparticles (NPs) can be applied to the clinical diagnosis of liver cancer in combination with existing technologies, providing a new method for the early diagnosis of liver cancer. In this review, we elaborate on the theoretical basis and characteristics of NPs in the diagnosis of liver cancer, and the research progress and prospects of NPs in the diagnosis of liver cancer are summarized.
Investigation of nano-basic oxygen furnace slag and nano-banded iron formation on properties of high-performance geopolymer concrete
Authors: AlAteah Ali H.
Published: November 2024

Geopolymers have emerged as promising alternatives to traditional cement-based composites, offering enhanced sustainability and opportunities for recycling industrial waste. The incorporation of waste materials into the binding matrix of geopolymer concrete not only promotes environmental benefits but also significantly improves the overall performance, including mechanical strength, durability, and microstructural integrity of the matrix. This study explores the impact of incorporating varying dosages of nano-basic oxygen furnace slag (NBOFS) and nano-banded iron formation (NBIF) on the properties of high-performance geopolymer concrete (HPGC) that utilizes waste glass as 50% fine aggregate. The research focuses on evaluating both the fresh and mechanical properties, including compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and flexural strength. Additionally, this study investigated the transport properties of concrete under aggressive environments, such as resistance to chloride penetration, sulfate attack, and sorptivity. The microstructure was examined using scanning electron microscopy. The results demonstrated that the addition of 3% NBOFS and 2.5% NBIF significantly improved the fresh, mechanical, and transport properties of HPGC. These nanomaterials also enhance the splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, and elastic modulus under highly aggressive environmental conditions. The contribution of these nanomaterials to the strength and durability of concrete is particularly relevant in the construction of both substructures and superstructures. Additionally, geopolymer concrete significantly reduces CO2 emissions by eliminating the requirement for ordinary Portland cement and promoting the recycling of waste products, contributing to more environmentally friendly construction practices.
Personal Innovation, Optimism, Electronic Word of Mouth, and Perceived Factors Affect the Behavioral Intention to Adopt QR Code Payments
Authors: Nguyen-Tan Loi , Le-Hoang Phuong Viet
Published: November 2024

QR (Quick Response) code payment is a very popular form of payment worldwide and brings many benefits to users. The purpose of this study is to explore, measure, and analyze the factors involving the intention to use QR code payments. The research probability uses sampling method to survey 2,500 customers and get 1,473 valid responses. The authors used Stata-14 software to analyze the reliability of the measurement scale through Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient, conduct confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and use a structural equation model (SEM) to test the research hypotheses. The results show that the factors that affect behavioral intention are optimistic, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, personal innovation, electronic word-of-mouth, perceived transaction convenience, and perceived ease of use transaction speed. Therefore, businesses can refer to these factors to determine the best payment method. The study also proposes some practical recommendations and research directions for managers and marketers.
Unique Cortical and Subcortical Activation Patterns for Different Conspecific Calls in Marmosets
Authors: Jafari Azadeh , Dureux Audrey , Zanini Alessandro , Menon Ravi S. , Gilbert Kyle M. , Everling Stefan
Published: November 2024

The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is known for its highly vocal nature, displaying a diverse range of calls. Functional imaging in marmosets has shown that the processing of conspecific calls activates a brain network that includes fronto-temporal areas. It is currently unknown whether different call types activate the same or different networks. In this study, nine adult marmosets (four females) were exposed to four common vocalizations (phee, chatter, trill, and twitter), and their brain responses were recorded using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging at 9.4 T. We found robust activations in the auditory cortices, encompassing core, belt, and parabelt regions, and in subcortical areas like the inferior colliculus, medial geniculate nucleus, and amygdala in response to these calls. Although a common network was engaged, distinct activity patterns were evident for different vocalizations that could be distinguished by a 3D convolutional neural network, indicating unique neural processing for each vocalization. Our findings also indicate the involvement of the cerebellum and medial prefrontal cortex in distinguishing particular vocalizations from others.
Neural Mechanisms Underlying Robust Target Selection in Response to Microstimulation of the Oculomotor System
Authors: Rakhshan Mohsen , Schafer Robert J. , Moore Tirin , Soltani Alireza
Published: November 2024

Despite its prevalence in studying the causal roles of different brain circuits in cognitive processes, electrical microstimulation often results in inconsistent behavioral effects. These inconsistencies are assumed to be due to multiple mechanisms, including habituation, compensation by other brain circuits, and contralateral suppression. Considering the presence of reinforcement in most experimental paradigms, we hypothesized that interactions between reward feedback and microstimulation could contribute to inconsistencies in behavioral effects of microstimulation. To test this, we analyzed data from electrical microstimulation of the frontal eye field of male macaques during a value-based decision–making task and constructed network models to capture choice behavior. We found evidence for microstimulation-dependent adaptation in saccadic choice, such that in stimulated trials, monkeys’ choices were biased toward the target in the response field of the microstimulated site (Tin). In contrast, monkeys showed a bias away fromTinin nonstimulated trials following microstimulation. Critically, this bias slowly decreased as a function of the time since the last stimulation. Moreover, microstimulation-dependent adaptation was influenced by reward outcomes in preceding trials. Despite these local effects, we found no evidence for the global effects of microstimulation on learning and sensitivity to the reward schedule. By simulating choice behavior across various network models, we found a model in which microstimulation and reward-value signals interact competitively through reward-dependent plasticity can best account for our observations. Our findings indicate a reward-dependent compensatory mechanism that enhances robustness to perturbations within the oculomotor system and could explain the inconsistent outcomes observed in previous microstimulation studies.
Association between distal radius fracture malunion and patient-reported disability: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ali Muhanned , Rosales Roberto S , Brogren Elisabeth , Waldén Markus , Nordenskjöld Jesper , Atroshi Isam
Published: November 2024

Purpose

To assess whether distal radius fracture (DRF) malunion is associated with greater patient-reported disability.

Methods

We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases up to 21 May 2023. Two reviewers independently screened retrieved titles/abstracts and assessed the full text of potentially eligible articles to identify cohort studies and randomized controlled trials reporting outcomes of DRF in adults at least 12 months after fracture, confirmed radiologically 3 months or longer after fracture. We excluded studies not reporting patient-reported outcomes according to malunion and studies judged to have a high risk of bias, as assessed independently by two reviewers using the Quality In Prognosis Studies tool. To express the overall effect of malunion on patient-reported disability, we calculated the standardized mean difference (SMD) with a 95% CI.

Results

Six studies with 898 patients (77% women) were included; five involved adults of all ages, and one restricted to patients aged 65 years and older. In the meta-analysis including the five studies with adults of all ages (1047 observations), the SMD was 0.58 (95% CI: 0.42–0.74; P < 0.001), favoring no malunion, with no statistically significant heterogeneity or publication bias. In the meta-analysis including all six studies (1193 observations), the SMD was 0.51 (95% CI: 0.35–0.67; P < 0.001), favoring no malunion, with moderate but significant heterogeneity.

Conclusion

Malunion of distal radius fracture is associated with significantly greater patient-reported disability with a moderate magnitude in terms of clinical importance. The study does not address the possible influence of age or treatment methods.
Information Communication Technology and Financial Sector in West Africa
Authors: Afolabi Mutiu Adeniyi , Akanbi Bosede Esther
Published: November 2024

Globally, information and communication technology play a pivotal role in driving the financial sector. This study examines the relationship between information communication technology and the financial sector in West Africa from 2012 to 2022. The study is essential because studies focusing on ICT and financial depth are scarce in West African nations. The data for the study comes from the World Bank database and uses the GMM system. The financial depth indicator is the ratio of bank assets to GDP while the indicators of ICT are internet subscription, mobile subscription and fixed broadband subscription. Mobile phone subscription significantly and statistically enhances financial depth of banks in West Africa by 423.82 % during the period under review. Internet subscription increases financial sector size by 11 % and the result is statistically significant. The fixed broadband positively influences the financial depth in West Africa by 341 %, and the result is statistically significant. Policymakers must invest heavily on ICT and adopt financial technology to promote financial depth.
Una metodología de despliegue de mejora continua replicable en escuelas de negocios en México
Authors: De la Vega Gerardo
Published: November 2024

Continuous improvement fosters adaptability and the ability to respond to changes and challenges in the environment, so in a constantly evolving context, organizations must continuously learn to remain competitive. Continuous improvement provides a structure and mindset that promote innovation and the ability to anticipate the changing needs and expectations of consumers of goods and services, such that the focus on continuous improvement impacts efficiency, adaptability, and innovation within organizations. In this context, the research problem in this paper is to propose a methodology for deploying continuous improvement that is replicable in business schools in Mexico, based on an updated and relevant theoretical framework in line with the guidelines of a major international accrediting organization for higher education, in this case, the Accreditation Council for Business Schools and Programs. The methodology used in this research was documentary and descriptive, collecting, analyzing, and synthesizing existing information on continuous improvement in business schools according to international standards in order to provide a solid foundation for further research in this field of study, and to describe the characteristics and accurate representation of the continuous improvement process in business schools in accordance with the guidelines of leadership, planning, stakeholder listening methods, learning assessment, human capital, and administrative processes.
РОЛЬ «ЗЕЛЕНОГО» ТАРИФУ У СТИМУЛЮВАННІ РОЗВИТКУ БІОЕНЕРГЕТИКИ В УКРАЇНІ: ЗДОБУТКИ, ОБМЕЖЕННЯ ТА НЕРЕАЛІЗОВАНИЙ ПОТЕНЦІАЛ
Authors: ТРЕГУБ Олександр , МАЛОЛІТНЕВА Веста
Published: November 2024

Оцінено роль «зеленого» тарифу в стимулюванні сталого розвитку біоенергетики вb Україні, розглянуто здобутки, законодавчі обмеження, а також нереалізований потенціал цього засобу державної підтримки в контексті воєнного стану та потреб повоєнного відновлення. Обґрунтовано, що функціональна обмеженість чинної моделі «зеленого» тарифу, яка має слабку кореляцію із векторами «зеленого» курсу та цілями сталого розвитку, погіршується загальним послабленням стимулювального впливу на відновлювану енергетику і зростанням нестабільності державного регулювання у цій сфері. Аргументовано, що сценарій інтенсивного розвитку генерації електричної енергії з використанням біомаси та біогазу потребує надання додаткових привілеїв для відповідної категорії виробників електричної енергії, зокрема шляхом можливої пролонгації «зеленого» тарифу на взаємовигідних і розумних умовах. Конкретизовано деякі недоліки нових інструментів стимулювання виробництва електричної енергії на основі біомаси, а саме аукціону з розподілу квоти підтримки та механізму ринкової премії.
ЗАКОНОДАВСТВО УКРАЇНИ ПРО ГМО: ЕВОЛЮЦІЯ, ПРОБЛЕМИ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ
Authors: ГРИГОР’ЄВА Христина
Published: November 2024

Досліджено еволюцію законодавства України про генетично модифіковані організми (ГМО). Запропоновано періодизацію становлення такого законодавства із  визначенням п’яти послідовних етапів: зародження; становлення; дерегуляції; побічного впливу; переходу. Значну увагу приділено аналізу судової практики,и накопиченої за період існування спеціального законодавства про ГМО. Виявлені типові спори у цій царині, визначено деякі тенденції правозастосування, зокрема щодо неоднозначного розуміння вимог про державну реєстрацію та маркування ГМО. Зроблено висновок про основні проблеми реалізації законодавства про ГМО, зокрема про неефективність державного контролю та притягнення до відповідальності за порушення законодавчих вимог. Доведено, що недоліки правової моделі регулювання ГМО в Україні пов’язані не стільки з недостатністю чи недосконалістю законодавства, скільки зі слабкою системою контролю за виконанням нормативних приписів. Зроблено висновок, що перехідний етап (2023—2026) має бути використаний для розроблення додаткових механізмів гарантування безпечності продовольства в частині використання ГМО.
ПРАВОВА КВАЛІФІКАЦІЯ АЗАРТНИХ ІГОР ЯК ОБ’ЄКТА ГОСПОДАРСЬКО-ПРАВОВОГО РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ
Authors: КУЦЕВОЛ Дмитро
Published: November 2024

Предметом дослідження в межах наукової розвідки стали теоретичні і практичні  моменти правової кваліфікації азартних ігор як об’єкта господарсько-правового регулювання. Показано, що на сьогодні оцінка грального бізнесу як негативного соціального явища не є однозначною, оскільки в умовах лібералізації суспільних поглядів на азартні ігри їх перестали сприймати як суто негативне явище, про що свідчать різні підходи держав світу щодо нормативно-правового регулювання організації та участі в азартних іграх. Зроблено висновок, що азартні ігри можна розглядати як об’єкт господарсько-правового регулювання у широкому та вузькому розумінні. У першому під азартними іграми слід розуміти сукупність суспільних відносин щодо організації та проведення азартних ігор незалежно від ступеня урегульованості і законодавчого підходу до визначення їхнього змісту. У вузькому розумінні азартні ігри охоплені безпосередніми господарськими правовідносинами щодо азартних ігор та суміжними правовідносинами, які виникають у цій сфері та на які поширюється режим правового регулювання азартних ігор.
Autonomous Vibrationless Temperature-Controlled Cryosystem for Optical Studies with a Spectroscopic Ellipsometer
Authors: ZHARKOV I. , SAFRONOV V. , KHODUNOV V. , KONOVAL V. , PALAMARCHUK I. , SELIVANOV O. , SOLONETSKY A. , MAMYKIN S. , YASTRUBCHAK O. , ROMANYUK V.
Published: November 2024

Introduction. Ellipsometry is a highly sensitive, non-destructive optical method used to study the optical and structural properties of materials and thin films.Problem Statement. At the Institute of Semiconductor Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, the first in Ukraine serial spectroscopic ellipsometer SE-2000 (manufactured by SEMILAB Ltd., Hungary) has been employed for research, but its measurement capabilities are currently limited to room temperature.Purpose. This research aims to expand the functionality of the SE-2000 by creating a temperature-controlled cryosystem that operates within a temperature range from –195 оC to +80 оC (approximately 80—353 K).Materials and Methods. An autonomous, precision, vibrationless, cryosystem has been designed and manufactured for low-temperature optical investigations in reflection mode, based on a gas-flow cryostat. The cryosystem includes a cryostat, a microprocessor temperature controller, and an adjustment table.Results. The cryostat operates on a gas-flow principle. A laminar gas flow is generated by excess pressure achieved through the heating of cryogenic liquid by a heater-evaporator in the feeder tank. The flow intensity is regulated by adjusting the power supplied to the heating element, eliminating vibrations in the cryostat and sample. The heat exchange chamber is positioned at the top of the nitrogen tank, with the test sample mounted in horizontal plane. Incident and reflected light beams interact with the sample from the upper hemisphere. Sample positioning is adjustable via translational motion along three Cartesian coordinates and by tilting the cryostat with the help of the adjustment table.Conclusions. This system is suitable for use in optical devices that operate in specular reflection mode, with access to the sample surface from the upper hemisphere.
ВПЛИВ УМОВ ОХОЛОДЖЕННЯ ЕКОНОМНОЛЕГОВАНОЇ СТАЛІ БЕЙНІТНОГО КЛАСУ НА ПАРАМЕТРИ ДЕНДРИТНОЇ СТРУКТУРИ ТА СФЕРИЧНІСТЬ ГРАНУЛЯРНОГО БЕЙНІТУ
Authors: Бабаченко О. , Кононенко Г. , Меркулов О. , Подольський Р. , Сафронова О.
Published: November 2024

Вступ. Найчастіше кристалізація металів і сплавів призводить до утворення розгалужених дендритних кристалів.Проблематика. Встановлення закономірностей впливу умов кристалізації на формування первинної дендритноїструктури вуглецевих сталей є одним з основних завдань дослідження процесу структуроутворення.Мета. Встановити вплив зміни швидкості охолодження по перерізу зливка сталі бейнітного класу з 0,378 % С,1,02 % Si, 1,38 % Mn, 0,77 % Cr, 0,192 % Mo, 0,095 % V на первинну дендритну структуру, дисперсність та сферичність структурної складової.Матеріали й методи. Металографічний аналіз дослідних сталей виконано на світловому мікроскопі моделей «Neophot 32» і «Axiovert 200 М МАТ». Визначення мікроструктури та характеру хімічної неоднорідності здійснено із застосуванням 2—3 % спиртового розчину азотної кислоти (HNO3) та водного розчину солі, що утворюється при реакції тринітрофенолу (пікринової кислоти) і їдкого натру (NaOH). Підрахунок розмірів ділянок колишньої первинної дендритної структури та кінцевої структури зроблено методом вимірювання довжин в програмі «imageJ». Контроль твердості за Бринеллем проведено на випробувальній машині «ТБ5004». У дослідженнях застосовано спеціалізоване програмне забезпечення: CalPhad та Qform.Результати. Мікроструктурні дослідження показали, що при зміні щільності дендритної структури по перерізудослідного зливку відбувається зміна сферичності, яка визначається як співвідношення максимальної та мінімальної діагоналей, гранулярного бейніту в діапазоні 0,1539—0,3673, ламелі гранулярного бейніту збільшуються у ~2,4 рази при зменшенні швидкості охолодження по перерізу зливку в діапазоні 60—7 оС/хв.Висновки. Встановлено зворотній зв’язок щільності дендритної структури та сферичності кінцевої структури гранулярного бейніту. Диспергування структурних складових є перспективним з точки зору підвищення рівня значень й однорідності комплексу механічних властивостей, одночасного підвищення характеристик міцності та пластичності.
Revisiting the Atrioventricular Conduction Axis for the 21st Century
Authors: Anderson Robert H , Sánchez-Quintana Damián , Spicer Diane E , Macías Yolanda , Cook Andrew C , Cabrera José-Angel , Mahmud Rehan , Sternick Eduardo Back , Tretter Justin T
Published: November 2024

In this review, we summarise the ongoing debate surrounding the anatomy of the atrioventricular conduction axis and its relevance to pacing. We highlight previous disagreements and emphasise the importance of understanding the anatomical location of the axis. We give credit and support to the initial descriptions by His and Tawara, in particular their attention to the relationship of the atrioventricular conduction axis with the membranous septum. We express our disagreements with recent diagrams that incorrectly, in our opinion, depict the left bundle and right bundle branches. We offer our own latest understanding of the location and relationships of the atrioventricular conduction axis, including details of its development, and differences between human and animal hearts. We also emphasise the importance of understanding the relationship between the inferior pyramidal space and the inferoseptal recess so as appropriately to place the axis within the heart. We conclude by emphasising the need to consider the heart in the context of the body, describing its component parts by using attitudinally appropriate nomenclature.
Reporting Sex and Gender Differences in Cardiovascular Research
Authors: Porter Kadijah F , Deb Brototo , Katyukha Andriy , Punnanithinont Natdanai , Fradley Michael G , Cook Stephen C
Published: November 2024

Incorporating sexual orientation, gender identity, and expression (SOGIE) data into cardiovascular research design is necessary to reduce cardiovascular healthcare disparities among sexual and gender minority (SGM) people. To achieve this, researchers should not only understand appropriate terminology, but also implement inclusive survey tools that respect privacy and cultural nuances, as the benefit of obtaining SOGIE information is critical to tailoring cardiovascular interventions and ensuring equitable healthcare outcomes. In order to address potential concerns related to disclosing SOGIE information, we must prioritize sensitivity training for healthcare professionals to foster an inclusive environment for data collection, ethical considerations, and confidentiality safeguards. This review aims to develop and inform critical thinking about sex and gender and to identify strategic mechanisms to include SOGIE data in cardiovascular research, thus improving cardiovascular health outcomes for SGM individuals. By embracing a more comprehensive and inclusive approach to data collection, cardiovascular research can contribute significantly to advancing personalized and inclusive healthcare practices and medical education, and ultimately promote better health outcomes for all SGM individuals.
Teoria crítica e justiça pós-Marx
Authors: De Mario Camila Gonçalves
Published: November 2024

Resumo: Este artigo analisa a atualização e a extensão da argumentação marxiana sobre a alienação realizada por Rainer Forst em seu livro mais recente, Normativity and Power (2017), para propor, a partir de uma noção de “alienação política”, uma teoria da justiça pós-Marx. Em diálogo com a atualização da concepção de alienação proposta por Rahel Jaeggi (2014), busca-se refletir sobre os sentidos da proposta de Forst para as teorias normativas da justiça, com ênfase no debate marxista e da teoria crítica da justiça. Conclui-se destacando que a ideia da “alienação política” estava subjacente à argumentação de Rainer Forst em textos anteriores ao analisado; ressalta-se, ainda, as implicações de sua proposta para o debate da justiça e, por fim, indicam-se algumas questões acerca dos desafios sociológicos de se pensar a justiça a partir de uma perspectiva política da alienação, que se colocam para a constituição de uma sociologia da crítica das ordens e relações de justificação.
Surety protection and conditional payment clauses
Authors: Parrott Brad C.
Published: November 2024

Most subcontract forms contain a conditional payment clause—often called a pay-if-paid clause—that pro- vides that a subcontractor’s right to receive any payment is conditioned upon the general contractor’s receipt of such funds from the owner. Concerns arise about whether the surety company can refuse to make payment until its principal has been paid by the owner. This article addresses public works payment bonds, Miller Act bonds on federal projects, and private payment bonds.
Project Spotlight: High builds its largest parking structure
Authors:   PCI Journal Staff
Published: November 2024

High Concrete Group LLC has been selected to build the parking structure for the new Revel Entertainment Group LLC beachfront casino entertainment resort in Atlantic City, N.J., estimated to be $2 billion.
Subdiffusive option price model with Inverse Gaussian subordinator
Authors: Shchestyuk Nataliya , Tyshchenko Sergii
Published: November 2024

The paper focuses on the option price subdiffusive model under the unusual behavior of the market, when the price may not be changed for some time, which is a quite common situation in modern illiquid financial markets or during global crises. In the model, the risk-free bond motion and classical geometrical Brownian motion (GBM) are time-changed by an inverted inverse Gaussian($\mathit{IG}$) subordinator. We explore the correlation structure of the subdiffusive GBM stock returns process, discuss option pricing techniques based on the martingale option pricing method and the fractal Dupire equation, and demonstrate how it applies in the case of the $\mathit{IG}$ subordinator.
Восточнославянские паремиологические параллели: Библейская мудрость в образных вариациях
Authors: Игнатьева Наталья , Мокиенко Валерий , Никитина Татьяна
Published: November 2024

В статье на русском, белорусском и украинском материале рассматриваются сходства и различия пословиц библейского происхождения, образующих паремиологические параллели. Для анализа отобраны пословицы, представленные в словарях библеизмов и паремиологических сборниках, из-данных в России, Беларуси, на Украине. Цель статьи – показать выявленные в ходе сопоставитель-ного анализа полные трехъязычные эквиваленты и диапазон варьирования библейских образных мотивов в рамках восточнославянских паремиологических параллелей, изложить концепцию лек-сикографической репрезентации этого материала. Актуальность темы исследования определяется интересом лингвистов к библейскому наследию восточнославянских языков и необходимостью восполнения лексикографической лакуны в сопоставительной восточнославянской лексикографии.

Данные сопоставительного анализа позволили сделать вывод о том, что семантическое развитие пословиц-библеизмов и варьирование их образной структуры в восточнославянском ареале – это результаты работы креативного народного языкового сознания, которое конкретизирует обобщен-ный смысл паремий, развивает пословичные идеи, приближает образы пословиц к этноспецифиче-ским реалиям повседневности.

Обобщен опыт словарного описания восточнославянских пословиц библейского происхождения в многоязычных словарях библеизмов и словаре восточнославянских паремий тезаурусного типа. Намечены пути оптимизации сопоставительного лексикографического описания пословиц-библе-измов.

Специализированный «Словарь русских, белорусских и украинских паремий-библеизмов», кон-цепция которого представлена в статье, в полной мере отразит образно-семантическую специфику библейских паремий в восточнославянских языках на фоне их прототипов и в межъязыковом сопо-ставлении. На примере словарной статьи «От умного ума наберёшься, а с глупым последний расте-ряешь» рассматривается параметры описания паремиологических параллелей. Их расположение в порядке убывания сходств и нарастания различий позволяет наглядно и последовательно отразить универсальность и этнокультурную специфику паремий библейского происхождения.

Представлена также концепция приложения к словарю – тематико-аксиологического указателя, где пословицы группируются под аксиологемами – формулировками оценочных идей, передавае-мых библейским источником паремий. Здесь паремиологический материал объединен по языкам, что позволяет проследить образно-семантические сходства и различия на уровне фрагментов наци-ональной пословичной картины мира. Подчеркивается лингводидактическая ценность разработан-ных паремиографических материалов, возможность их использования в учебных целях.
Heterotopie w literaturze obozowej
Authors: Papp-Zakor Ilka
Published: November 2024

Punktem wyjścia mojej analizy jest pojęcie heterotopii utworzone przez francuskiego filozofa Michela Foucault. Foucault definiował heterotopię jako „kontr-miejsce”, w którym wszystkie inne miejsca w danym spo-łeczeństwie są zarazem reprezentowane, kontestowane i prezentowane jak gdyby w krzywym zwierciadle. Postaci znajdujące się na obszarze danej heterotopii łączy ze sobą właściwość bycia wybranym – jest to aspekt heterotopii być może nieco zaniedbany przez samego Foucaulta. Wybór, o którym mowa, dokonywany jest zazwyczaj na podstawie pewnych cech charakterystycznych i w jakimś konkretnym celu – co samo w sobie wiąże się z odczłowieczeniem; nic dziwnego zatem, że we wspomnieniach oraz w literaturze post-pamięci obóz koncentracyjny (najczęściej: Auschwitz) pojmowany jest nieraz jako takie właśnie „kontr-miejsce”. W niniejszej pracy wychodzę z założenia, że sięgając po motywy heterotopijne uniknąć można wyzwań, zktórymi tradycyjnie boryka się literatura holokaustu, takimi jak: wyświechtanie tematu, niejasne kategorie „ofiary” i „oprawcy”, ogromna liczba ofiar uniemożliwiająca odczuwanie empatii, itp. Celem mojej analizy nie będzie jednak udowodnienie przynależności obozu koncentracyjnego do kategorii „kontr-miejsc” (co traktuję jako oczywistość), tylko przyjrzenie się z bliska dwóm przestrzeniom heterotopii znajdującym się na obszarze obozu, zdolnym do reprezentacji obozu za pomocą swoistej metonimii: Puffowi, czyli domowi publicznemu, oraz szpitalowi obozowemu. Interesuje mnie sposób, w jaki postrzegano ludzi pracujących w tych instytucjach i osoby korzystające (zmuszone do korzystania) z ich usług; z jakiej perspektywy opisywano ich oraz cechy, na postawie których zostali naznaczeni/wybrani, oraz to, jaką symbolikę wiązali więźniowie z tymi miejscami. Z drugiej strony ciekawi mnie także znaczenie świata nie-ludzkiego: przyrody (jako przestrzeni, ale nieraz też heterotopii, zawierającej w sobie obóz), a także rzeźni i ogrodu zoologicznego – heterotopii znajdujących się poza obszarem obozu, ale działających nieraz jako jego metafory. Wychodzę tu z założenia, że trauma odczłowieczenia otworzyła nam oczy na nie-ludzkie istoty żyjące wokół nas, istoty, którym do niedawna odmawiano wszelkich właściwości „ludzkich” – chciałabym więc dokładniej przyjrzeć się temu, jak przedstawiane są kontakty ludzko-zwierzęce, ludzko-roślinne, zwierzęco-zwierzęce itp. w kontekście Shoah. W ramach swojej analizy będę się skupiała na tekstach polskojęzycznych autorów piszących o Zagładzie (np. Seweryny Szmaglewskiej, Tadeusza Borowskiego, Stanisława SwenaCzachorowskiego, Tadeusza Śliwiaka, Piotra Macierzyńskiego, Jacka Podsiadły).