bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Life history traits and ecological conditions influencing the symbiotic relationship between the flatworm Stylochoplana pusilla and host snail Monodonta labio
Authors: Fujiwara Yuta , Iwata Tomoya , Urabe Jotaro , Takeda Satoshi
Published: August 2015

Clarification of the life-history traits of a symbiont and its host is necessary to evaluate the relationship between them.Stylochoplana pusilla, a polyclad, inhabits the mantle cavity of the eulittoral snailMonodonta labio. This study elucidated the life-history traits ofS. pusillarelative to those ofM. labioin a tide pool, which retained seawater, and a boulder shore, which was dry at low tide, in Mutsu Bay, northern Japan, from 2010 to 2012. In these habitats,S. pusillawas semelparous with a 1-year life cycle; it reproduced in midsummer and inhabited the shell ofM. labioexcept for the early juvenile stages, which were planktonic. More juvenileS. pusillanewly settled on hosts in the tide pool than on the boulder shore, however, their survival rate was higher on the boulder shore compared with the tide pool. The growth rate of juvenileS. pusillawas higher in the tide pool than on the boulder shore. The higher growth rate ofS. pusillaat the tide pool suggested that they were more actively feeding. Stable isotope analysis showed thatS. pusillaacquired food resources outside the host snail both in the tide pool and on the boulder shore. Thus, it was likely thatS. pusillaengaged in feeding outside the host snails but resulted in lower survival rates at the tide pool. These results suggest thatS. pusillais semi-free living and usesM. labioas a refuge in the eulittoral zone for protection against desiccation.
Effect of an invasive filter-feeder on the zooplankton assemblage in a coastal lagoon
Authors: Bruschetti Martin , Luppi Tomas , Iribarne Oscar
Published: August 2015

Depletion of phytoplankton biomass by the introduced reef-forming polychaete Ficopomatus enigmaticus has previously been observed in the Mar Chiquita lagoon (37°40′S 57°23′W; Argentina), but the effect of polychaetes on the higher trophic levels is still unknown. To evaluate the effect of this polychaete on the zooplankton assemblage, replicated mesocosm experiments (N = 10) were performed during spring, summer and winter. Mesocosms with reefs and without reefs were installed and grazing intensity and the effect on the zooplankton assemblage by the polychaetes were assessed. Our results show that the reefs of F. enigmaticus generate minor changes in overall composition of zooplankton assemblage. Although the structure of the zooplankton assemblage was different between seasons, the impact of the reefs was not significant in any of them. There was no relationship between the decline of food resource by grazing and changes in the structure of the zooplankton assemblage. Thus, contrary to our hypothesis, the grazing impact of the invasive polychaete on the biomass of primary producers did not generate cascading effects to higher trophic levels. However, changes in some components of the zooplankton assemblage (e.g. cladocerans) clearly show that the reefs of F. enigmaticus have the potential to affect the structure of the zooplankton community. The lack of data of community composition and abundance of zooplankton before the invasion limits the understanding of how this polychaete might have affected the structure and abundance of the zooplankton of this lagoon. Nevertheless this work suggests that these changes may not be so significant.
The Corrections of Codex Sinaiticus and the Textual Transmission of Revelation: Josef Schmid Revisited
Authors: Malik Peter
Published: August 2015

The role of manuscript corrections in studying textual transmission of the New Testament has been long recognised by textual critics. And yet, the actual witness of corrections may at times be difficult to interpret. A case in point is Josef Schmid's seminal work on the text of Revelation. Following Wilhelm Bousset, Schmid argued that a particular group of corrections in Codex Sinaiticus reflected a Vorlage with a text akin to that of the Andreas text-type. By dating these corrections – unlike Bousset – to the scriptorium, Schmid utilised their witness to trace the text of Andreas back to the fourth century. Recently, Juan Hernández has shown that the corrections cited by Schmid were significantly later, hence calling his fourth-century dating of Andreas (among other things) into question. Through an analysis of the corrections cited by Schmid, supplemented by a fuller data-set of Sinaiticus’ corrections in Revelation, this study seeks to reappraise Schmid's claims concerning the textual relations of these corrections, and identify their role in the later transmission of the text of Revelation.
Παπίας ἐπίσκοπος? – Zur Frage nach dem Bischofsamt des Papias von Hierapolis
Authors: Witulski Thomas
Published: August 2015

A critical analysis of the statements of Eusebius from Caesarea makes plausible the presumption that the indications of Papias administering an office as an ἐπίσκοπος in the city of Hierapolis in Asia Minor are not based on historically confirmed information accepted by Eusebius himself. Moreover these indications seem to depict a post-Eusebian construction. This presumption is likely to unsettle the historical reliability of Papias' episcopacy. This implies that Papias can no longer be treated as evidence for the hypothesis that for the congregations in the west of the Roman province of Asia the institution of an ἐπίσκοπος of the local church had already developed in the second quarter of the second century ce.
Altered corticostriatal functional connectivity in individuals with high social anhedonia
Authors: Wang Y. , Liu W.-H. , Li Z. , Wei X.-H. , Jiang X.-Q. , Geng F.-L. , Zou L.-Q. , Lui S. S. Y. , Cheung E. F. C. , Pantelis C. , Chan R. C. K.
Published: August 2015

Background.

Dysregulation of the striatum and altered corticostriatal connectivity have been associated with psychotic disorders. Social anhedonia has been identified as a predictor for the development of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. The aim of the present study was to examine corticostriatal functional connectivity in individuals with high social anhedonia.

Method.

Twenty-one participants with high social anhedonia score and 30 with low social anhedonia score measured by the Chinese version of the Revised Social Anhedonia Scale were recruited from university undergraduates (age 17–21 years) to undergo resting-state functional MRI scans. Six subdivisions of the striatum in each hemisphere were defined as seeds. Voxel-wise functional connectivity analyses were conducted between each seed and the whole brain voxels, followed by repeated-measures ANOVA for the group effect.

Results.

Participants with high social anhedonia showed hyper-connectivity between the ventral striatum and the anterior cingulate cortex and the insula, and between the dorsal striatum and the motor cortex. Hypo-connectivity in participants with high social anhedonia was also observed between the ventral striatum and the posterior cingulate cortex. Partial correlation analyses further showed that the functional connectivity between the ventral striatum and the prefrontal cortex was associated with pleasure experience and emotional suppression.

Conclusions.

Our findings suggest that altered corticostriatal connectivity can be found in participants with high levels of social anhedonia. Since social anhedonia has been considered a predictor for schizophrenia spectrum disorders, our results may provide novel evidence on the early changes in brain functional connectivity in at-risk individuals.
Preventing depression and anxiety in young people: a review of the joint efficacy of universal, selective and indicated prevention
Authors: Stockings E. A. , Degenhardt L. , Dobbins T. , Lee Y. Y. , Erskine H. E. , Whiteford H. A. , Patton G.
Published: August 2015

Depression and anxiety (internalizing disorders) are the largest contributors to the non-fatal health burden among young people. This is the first meta-analysis to examine the joint efficacy of universal, selective, and indicated preventive interventions upon both depression and anxiety among children and adolescents (5–18 years) while accounting for their co-morbidity. We conducted a systematic review of reviews in Medline, PsycINFO and the Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews, from 1980 to August 2014. Multivariate meta-analysis examined the efficacy of preventive interventions on depression and anxiety outcomes separately, and the joint efficacy on both disorders combined. Meta-regressions examined heterogeneity of effect according to a range of study variables. Outcomes were relative risks (RR) for disorder, and standardized mean differences (Cohen's d) for symptoms. One hundred and forty-six randomized controlled trials (46 072 participants) evaluated universal (children with no identified risk, n = 54) selective (population subgroups of children who have an increased risk of developing internalizing disorders due to shared risk factors, n = 45) and indicated prevention (children with minimal but detectable symptoms of an internalizing disorder, n = 47), mostly using psychological-only strategies (n = 105). Reductions in internalizing disorder onset occurred up to 9 months post-intervention, whether universal [RR 0.47, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.37–0.60], selective (RR 0.61, 95% CI 0.43–0.85) or indicated (RR 0.48, 95% CI 0.29–0.78). Reductions in internalizing symptoms occurred up to 12 months post-intervention for universal prevention; however, reductions only occurred in the shorter term for selective and indicated prevention. Universal, selective and indicated prevention interventions are efficacious in reducing internalizing disorders and symptoms in the short term. They might be considered as repeated exposures in school settings across childhood and adolescence. (PROSPERO registration: CRD42014013990.)
Thrombophilia and risk of VTE recurrence according to the age at the time of first VTE manifestation
Authors: Weingarz Lea , Schindewolf Marc , Schwonberg Jan , Hecking Carola , Wolf Zsuzsanna , Erbe Matthias , Lindhoff-Last Edelgard , Linnemann Birgit , Linnemann Birgit
Published: August 2015

Abstract. Background: Whether screening for thrombophilia is useful for patients after a first episode of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a controversial issue. However, the impact of thrombophilia on the risk of recurrence may vary depending on the patient’s age at the time of the first VTE. Patients and methods: Of 1221 VTE patients (42 % males) registered in the MAISTHRO (MAin-ISar-THROmbosis) registry, 261 experienced VTE recurrence during a 5-year follow-up after the discontinuation of anticoagulant therapy. Results: Thrombophilia was more common among patients with VTE recurrence than those without (58.6 % vs. 50.3 %; p = 0.017). Stratifying patients by the age at the time of their initial VTE, Cox proportional hazards analyses adjusted for age, sex and the presence or absence of established risk factors revealed a heterozygous prothrombin (PT) G20210A mutation (hazard ratio (HR) 2.65; 95 %-confidence interval (CI) 1.71 - 4.12; p < 0.001), homozygosity/double heterozygosity for the factor V Leiden and/or PT mutation (HR 2.35; 95 %-CI 1.09 - 5.07, p = 0.030), and an antithrombin deficiency (HR 2.12; 95 %-CI 1.12 - 4.10; p = 0.021) to predict recurrent VTE in patients aged 40 years or older, whereas lupus anticoagulants (HR 3.05; 95%-CI 1.40 - 6.66; p = 0.005) increased the risk of recurrence in younger patients. Subgroup analyses revealed an increased risk of recurrence for a heterozygous factor V Leiden mutation only in young females without hormonal treatment whereas the predictive value of a heterozygous PT mutation was restricted to males over the age of 40 years. Conclusions: Our data do not support a preference of younger patients for thrombophilia testing after a first venous thromboembolic event.
Abdominal aortic aneurysm, arterial stiffening and the role of the intraluminal thrombus
Authors: Lyck Hansen Maria , Dahl Thomsen Marie , Melholt Rasmussen Lars , Lindholt Jes S.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. Summary: Background: Measures of arterial stiffness could be affected by the presence of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and especially an intraluminal thrombus (ILT). We, therefore, sought to study this possible connection by measuring pulse wave velocity (PWV) and pulse wave analysis (PWA) including augmentation index adjusted to heart rate 75(Aix75) in patients with AAA +/- ILT. Patients and methods: PWV and PWA were measured in male patients with AAA from an ongoing Danish AAA screening trial. Information on blood pressure, medications, BMI and smoking status was obtained at inclusion. Results: In total, 157 patients were included. Mean age was 73 years. Mean AAA size was 42.2 mm. Fifty-six of the patients had an intraluminal thrombus, and patients with AAA and ILT had a significantly higher Aix75 than patients with AAA but without ILT (Mean = 28.3 ± 1.4 SEM vs. 24.9 ± 0.81, p=0.027), a difference that was also significant when adjusting for AAA size, blood pressure and age. There was no difference in PWV between the groups. Conclusions: Haemodynamic properties of the aorta are affected by the presence of ILT in patients with AAA that is not explained by aortic size. Alternatively, these findings could be explained by associations between ILT and properties of the left ventricle.
The influence of continuous local wound infusion on postoperative pain in patients undergoing transfemoral amputation
Authors: Uhl Christian , Betz Thomas , Rupp Andrea , Steinbauer Markus , Töpel Ingolf
Published: August 2015

Abstract. Summary: Background: This pilot study was set up to examine the effects of a continuous postoperative wound infusion system with a local anaesthetic on perioperative pain and the consumption of analgesics. Patients and methods: We included 42 patients in this prospective observational pilot study. Patients were divided into two groups. One group was treated in accordance with the WHO standard pain management protocol and in addition to that received a continuous local wound infusion treatment (Group 1). Group 2 was treated with analgesics in accordance with the WHO standard pain management protocol, exclusively. Results: The study demonstrated a significantly reduced postoperative VAS score for stump pain in Group 1 for the first 5 days. Furthermore, the intake of opiates was significantly reduced in Group 1 (day 1, Group 1: 42.1 vs. Group 2: 73.5, p = 0.010; day 2, Group 1: 27.7 vs. Group 2: 52.5, p = 0.012; day 3, Group 1: 23.9 vs. Group 2: 53.5, p = 0.002; day 4, Group 1: 15.7 vs. Group 2: 48.3, p = 0.003; day 5, Group 1 13.3 vs. Group 2: 49.9, p = 0.001). There were no significant differences between the two groups, neither in phantom pain intensity at discharge nor postoperative complications and death. Conclusions: Continuous postoperative wound infusion with a local anaesthetic in combination with a standard pain management protocol can reduce both stump pain and opiate intake in patients who have undergone transfemoral amputation. Phantom pain was not significantly affected.
Prognostic signature and clonality pattern of recurrently mutated genes in inactive chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Hurtado A M , Chen-Liang T-H , Przychodzen B , Hamedi C , Muñoz-Ballester J , Dienes B , García-Malo M D , Antón A I , de Arriba F , Teruel-Montoya R , Ortuño F J , Vicente V , Maciejewski J P , Jerez A
Published: August 2015

An increasing numbers of patients are being diagnosed with asymptomatic early-stage chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), with no treatment indication at baseline. We applied a high-throughput deep-targeted analysis, especially designed for covering widely TP53 and ATM genes, in 180 patients with inactive disease at diagnosis, to test the independent prognostic value of CLL somatic recurrent mutations. We found that 40/180 patients harbored at least one acquired variant with ATM (n=17, 9.4%), NOTCH1 (n=14, 7.7%), TP53 (n=14, 7.7%) and SF3B1 (n=10, 5.5%) as most prevalent mutated genes. Harboring one ‘sub-Sanger’ TP53 mutation granted an independent 3.5-fold increase of probability of needing treatment. Those patients with a double-hit ATM lesion (mutation+11q deletion) had the shorter median time to first treatment (17 months). We found that a genomic variable: TP53 mutations, most of them under the sensitivity of conventional techniques; a cell phenotypic factor: CD38-positive expression; and a classical marker as β2-microglobulin, remained as the unique independent predictors of outcome. The high-throughput determination of TP53 status, particularly in this set of patients frequently lacking high-risk chromosomal aberrations, emerges as a key step, not only for prediction modeling, but also for exploring mutation-specific therapeutic approaches and minimal residual disease monitoring.
Whole-exome analysis reveals novel somatic genomic alterations associated with outcome in immunochemotherapy-treated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Novak A J , Asmann Y W , Maurer M J , Wang C , Slager S L , Hodge L S , Manske M , Price-Troska T , Yang Z-Z , Zimmermann M T , Nowakowski G S , Ansell S M , Witzig T E , McPhail E , Ketterling R , Feldman A L , Dogan A , Link B K , Habermann T M , Cerhan J R
Published: August 2015

Lack of remission or early relapse remains a major clinical issue in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), with 30% of patients failing standard of care. Although clinical factors and molecular signatures can partially predict DLBCL outcome, additional information is needed to identify high-risk patients, particularly biologic factors that might ultimately be amenable to intervention. Using whole-exome sequencing data from 51 newly diagnosed and immunochemotherapy-treated DLBCL patients, we evaluated the association of somatic genomic alterations with patient outcome, defined as failure to achieve event-free survival at 24 months after diagnosis (EFS24). We identified 16 genes with mutations, 374 with copy number gains and 151 with copy number losses that were associated with failure to achieve EFS24 (P<0.05). Except forFOXO1 and CIITA,known driver mutations did not correlate with EFS24. Gene losses were localized to 6q21-6q24.2, and gains to 3q13.12-3q29, 11q23.1-11q23.3 and 19q13.12-19q13.43. Globally, the number of gains was highly associated with poor outcome (P=7.4 × 10−12) and when combined withFOXO1mutations identified 77% of cases that failed to achieve EFS24. One gene (SLC22A16) at 6q21, a doxorubicin transporter, was lost in 54% of EFS24 failures and our findings suggest it functions as a doxorubicin transporter in DLBCL cells.
Temporal variation selects for diet–microbe co-metabolic traits in the gut of Gorilla spp
Authors: Gomez Andres , Rothman Jessica M , Petrzelkova Klara , Yeoman Carl J , Vlckova Klara , Umaña Juan D , Carr Monica , Modry David , Todd Angelique , Torralba Manolito , Nelson Karen E , Stumpf Rebecca M , Wilson Brenda A , Blekhman Ran , White Bryan A , Leigh Steven R
Published: August 2015

Although the critical role that our gastrointestinal microbes play in host physiology is now well established, we know little about the factors that influenced the evolution of primate gut microbiomes. To further understand current gut microbiome configurations and diet–microbe co-metabolic fingerprints in primates, from an evolutionary perspective, we characterized fecal bacterial communities and metabolomic profiles in 228 fecal samples of lowland and mountain gorillas (G. g. gorilla and G. b. beringei, respectively), our closest evolutionary relatives after chimpanzees. Our results demonstrate that the gut microbiomes and metabolomes of these two species exhibit significantly different patterns. This is supported by increased abundance of metabolites and bacterial taxa associated with fiber metabolism in mountain gorillas, and enrichment of markers associated with simple sugar, lipid and sterol turnover in the lowland species. However, longitudinal sampling shows that both species’ microbiomes and metabolomes converge when hosts face similar dietary constraints, associated with low fruit availability in their habitats. By showing differences and convergence of diet–microbe co-metabolic fingerprints in two geographically isolated primate species, under specific dietary stimuli, we suggest that dietary constraints triggered during their adaptive radiation were potential factors behind the species-specific microbiome patterns observed in primates today.
Hybrid glasses from strong and fragile metal-organic framework liquids
Authors: Bennett Thomas D. , Tan Jin-Chong , Yue Yuanzheng , Baxter Emma , Ducati Caterina , Terrill Nick J. , Yeung Hamish H. -M. , Zhou Zhongfu , Chen Wenlin , Henke Sebastian , Cheetham Anthony K. , Greaves G. Neville
Published: August 2015

Hybrid glasses connect the emerging field of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with the glass formation, amorphization and melting processes of these chemically versatile systems. Though inorganic zeolites collapse around the glass transition and melt at higher temperatures, the relationship between amorphization and melting has so far not been investigated. Here we show how heating MOFs of zeolitic topology first results in a low density ‘perfect’ glass, similar to those formed in ice, silicon and disaccharides. This order–order transition leads to a super-strong liquid of low fragility that dynamically controls collapse, before a subsequent order–disorder transition, which creates a more fragile high-density liquid. After crystallization to a dense phase, which can be remelted, subsequent quenching results in a bulk glass, virtually identical to the high-density phase. We provide evidence that the wide-ranging melting temperatures of zeolitic MOFs are related to their network topologies and opens up the possibility of ‘melt-casting’ MOF glasses.
Reversible adapting layer produces robust single-crystal electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution
Authors: Tung Ching-Wei , Hsu Ying-Ya , Shen Yen-Ping , Zheng Yixin , Chan Ting-Shan , Sheu Hwo-Shuenn , Cheng Yuan-Chung , Chen Hao Ming
Published: August 2015

Electrochemically converting water into oxygen/hydrogen gas is ideal for high-density renewable energy storage in which robust electrocatalysts for efficient oxygen evolution play crucial roles. To date, however, electrocatalysts with long-term stability have remained elusive. Here we report that single-crystal Co3O4 nanocube underlay with a thin CoO layer results in a high-performance and high-stability electrocatalyst in oxygen evolution reaction. An in situ X-ray diffraction method is developed to observe a strong correlation between the initialization of the oxygen evolution and the formation of active metal oxyhydroxide phase. The lattice of skin layer adapts to the structure of the active phase, which enables a reversible facile structural change that facilitates the chemical reactions without breaking the scaffold of the electrocatalysts. The single-crystal nanocube electrode exhibits stable, continuous oxygen evolution for >1,000 h. This robust stability is attributed to the complementary nature of defect-free single-crystal electrocatalyst and the reversible adapting layer.
Genetic association between TRAIL-R1 Thr209Arg and cancer susceptibility
Authors: Geng Peiliang , Li Jianjun , Wang Ning , Liao Yunmei , Ou Juanjuan , Sa Rina , Xie Ganfeng , Liu Chen , Li Hongtao , Xiang Lisha , Liang Houjie
Published: August 2015

We aimed to determine the indecisive association between tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor 1 (TRAIL-R1) Thr209Arg polymorphism and inherited susceptibility to cancer. A meta-analysis combining data on 9,517 individuals was performed to assess the association between TRAIL-R1 Thr209Arg and cancer incidence. The summary ORs with 95% CI calculated with the fixed effects model suggested that Thr209Arg was not significantly associated with cancer susceptibility (homozygous model: OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.88–1.09; heterozygous model: OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.87–1.04; allele frequency model: OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.94–1.05; dominant model: OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.91–1.05; recessive model: OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.92–1.10). Stratified analysis by ethnicity and cancer type yielded similar null associations. These statistical data suggest that Thr209Arg in exon 4 of the TRAIL-R1 gene may not represent a modifier of susceptibility to cancer.
Up-regulation of Serum MiR-130b-3p Level is Associated with Renal Damage in Early Lupus Nephritis
Authors: Wang Wanpeng , Mou Shan , Wang Ling , Zhang Minfang , Shao Xinghua , Fang Wei , Lu Renhua , Qi Chaojun , Fan Zhuping , Cao Qin , Wang Qin , Fang Yan , Ni Zhaohui
Published: August 2015

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a common but severe autoimmune systemic inflammatory disease. Lupus nephritis (LN) is a serious complication of SLE,affecting up to 70% of SLE patients. Circulating microRNAs (miRNA) are emerging as biomarkers for pathological conditions and play significant roles in intercellular communication. In present research, serum samples from healthy control, early and late stage LN patients were used to analyze the expression profile of miRNAs by microarray. Subsequent study demonstrated that miR-130b-3p in serum of patients with early stage LN were significantly up-regulated when compared with healthy controls. In addition,we have also observed that the expression of a large amount of circulating microRNAs significantly decreased in patients with late stage LN. The further analysis found that the expression of serum miR-130b-3p was positively correlated with 24-hour proteinuria and renal chronicity index in patients with early stage LN.Transfection of renal tubular cellline(HK-2)with miR-130b-3p mimics can promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The opposite effects were observed when transfected with miR-130b-3p inhibitors. MiR-130b-3p negatively regulated ERBB2IP expression by directly targeting the 3′-UTR of ERBB2IP The circulating miR-130b-3p might serve as a biomarker and play an important role in renal damage in early stage LN patients.
Phonon properties of graphene derived from molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Koukaras Emmanuel N. , Kalosakas George , Galiotis Costas , Papagelis Konstantinos
Published: August 2015

A method that utilises atomic trajectories and velocities from molecular dynamics simulations has been suitably adapted and employed for the implicit calculation of the phonon dispersion curves of graphene. Classical potentials widely used in the literature were employed. Their performance was assessed for each individual phonon branch and the overall phonon dispersion, using available inelastic x-ray scattering data. The method is promising for systems with large scale periodicity, accounts for anharmonic effects and non-bonding interactions with a general environment and it is applicable under finite temperatures. The temperature dependence of the phonon dispersion curves has been examined with emphasis on the doubly degenerate Raman active Γ-E2g phonon at the zone centre, where experimental results are available. The potentials used show diverse behaviour. The Tersoff-2010 potential exhibits the most systematic and physically sound behaviour in this regard and gives a first-order temperature coefficient of χ = −0.05 cm−1/K for the Γ-E2g shift in agreement with reported experimental values.
Connectivity in grey reef sharks (Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos) determined using empirical and simulated genetic data
Authors: Momigliano Paolo , Harcourt Robert , Robbins William D. , Stow Adam
Published: August 2015

Grey reef sharks (Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos) can be one of the numerically dominant high order predators on pristine coral reefs, yet their numbers have declined even in the highly regulated Australian Great Barrier Reef (GBR) Marine Park. Knowledge of both large scale and fine scale genetic connectivity of grey reef sharks is essential for their effective management, but no genetic data are yet available. We investigated grey reef shark genetic structure in the GBR across a 1200 km latitudinal gradient, comparing empirical data with models simulating different levels of migration. The empirical data did not reveal any genetic structuring along the entire latitudinal gradient sampled, suggesting regular widespread dispersal and gene flow of the species throughout most of the GBR. Our simulated datasets indicate that even with substantial migrations (up to 25% of individuals migrating between neighboring reefs) both large scale genetic structure and genotypic spatial autocorrelation at the reef scale were maintained. We suggest that present migration rates therefore exceed this level. These findings have important implications regarding the effectiveness of networks of spatially discontinuous Marine Protected Areas to protect reef sharks.
Identification of the interaction of VP1 with GM130 which may implicate in the pathogenesis of CVB3-induced acute pancreatitis
Authors: Li Xiuzhen , Xia Yanhua , Huang Shengping , Liu Fadi , Ying Ying , Xu Qiufang , Liu Xin , Jin Guili , Papasian Christopher J. , Chen Jack , Fu Mingui , Huang Xiaotian
Published: August 2015

Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is a causative agent of viral myocarditis, pancreatitis and meningitis in humans. Although the susceptibility of CVB3-induced acute pancreatitis is age-dependent, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here we identified the host factor Golgi matrix protein 130 (GM130) as a novel target of CVB3 during CVB3-induced acute pancreatitis. The viral protein VP1 interacted with GM130, disrupted GM130-GRASP65 complexes and caused GM130 degradation, which may lead to disruption of the Golgi ribbon and development of acute pancreatitis in mice. Interestingly, the expression level of GM130 in mouse pancreas was age-dependent, which was nicely correlated with the age-associated susceptibility of CVB3-induced acute pancreatitis. Furthermore, interference RNA-mediated knockdown of GM130 significantly reduced CVB3 replication in HeLa cells. Taken together, the study identified GM130 as a novel target of CVB3, which may implicate in the pathogenesis of CVB3-induced acute pancreatitis.
Synchronization Analysis of Master-Slave Probabilistic Boolean Networks
Authors: Lu Jianquan , Zhong Jie , Li Lulu , Ho Daniel W. C. , Cao Jinde
Published: August 2015

In this paper, we analyze the synchronization problem of master-slave probabilistic Boolean networks (PBNs). The master Boolean network (BN) is a deterministic BN, while the slave BN is determined by a series of possible logical functions with certain probability at each discrete time point. In this paper, we firstly define the synchronization of master-slave PBNs with probability one and then we investigate synchronization with probability one. By resorting to new approach called semi-tensor product (STP), the master-slave PBNs are expressed in equivalent algebraic forms. Based on the algebraic form, some necessary and sufficient criteria are derived to guarantee synchronization with probability one. Further, we study the synchronization of master-slave PBNs in probability. Synchronization in probability implies that for any initial states, the master BN can be synchronized by the slave BN with certain probability, while synchronization with probability one implies that master BN can be synchronized by the slave BN with probability one. Based on the equivalent algebraic form, some efficient conditions are derived to guarantee synchronization in probability. Finally, several numerical examples are presented to show the effectiveness of the main results.
Spatiotemporal dynamics of counterpropagating Airy beams
Authors: Wiersma Noémi , Marsal Nicolas , Sciamanna Marc , Wolfersberger Delphine
Published: August 2015

We analyse theoretically the spatiotemporal dynamics of two incoherent counterpropagating Airy beams interacting in a photorefractive crystal under focusing conditions. For a large enough nonlinearity strength the interaction between the two Airy beams leads to light-induced waveguiding. The stability of the waveguide is determined by the crystal length, the nonlinearity strength and the beam’s intensities and is improved when comparing to the situation using Gaussian beams. We further identify the threshold above which the waveguide is no longer static but evolves dynamically either time-periodically or even chaotically. Above the stability threshold, each Airy-soliton moves erratically between privileged output positions that correspond to the spatial positions of the lobes of the counterpropagating Airy beam. These results suggest new ways of creating dynamically varying waveguides, optical logic gates and chaos-based computing.
Collapse of the echinoid Paracentrotus lividus populations in the Eastern Mediterranean—result of climate change?
Authors: Yeruham Erez , Rilov Gil , Shpigel Muki , Abelson Avigdor
Published: August 2015

The European purple sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus) is considered to be a key herbivore throughout its distribution range—North-East Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea. It was also abundant in its eastern distributional edge, on rocky habitats of the coastline of Israel, but its populations have recently collapsed and today it is an extremely rare species in the region. Field and laboratory experiments, that were carried out in order to examine the impact of the recent sea surface temperature rise in the Eastern Mediterranean, showed massive urchin mortality when temperatures crossed 30.5 °C before reaching peak summer values. These results suggest that elevated seawater temperatures in recent years may be a main cause for the disappearance of P. lividus from the southeast Mediterranean Sea, which may indicate distributional range contraction in this region.
Vegetarianism, low meat consumption and the risk of colorectal cancer in a population based cohort study
Authors: Gilsing Anne M. J. , Schouten Leo J. , Goldbohm R. Alexandra , Dagnelie Pieter C. , van den Brandt Piet A. , Weijenberg Matty P.
Published: August 2015

To study how a vegetarian or low meat diet influences the risk of colorectal cancer compared to a high meat diet and to assess the explanatory role of factors associated with these diets. In the Netherlands Cohort Study – Meat Investigation Cohort (NLCS-MIC) (cohort of 10,210 individuals including 1040 self-defined vegetarians), subjects completed a baseline questionnaire in 1986, based on which they were classified into vegetarians (n = 635), pescetarians (n = 360), 1 day/week- (n = 1259), 2–5 day/week- (n = 2703) and 6-7 day/week meat consumers (n = 5253). After 20.3 years of follow-up, 437 colorectal cancer cases (307 colon, 92 rectal) were available. A non-significantly decreased risk of CRC for vegetarians, pescetarians and 1 day/week compared to 6-7 day/week meat consumers was observed (age/sex adjusted Hazard Ratios (HR): 0.73(0.47–1.13), 0.80(0.47–1.39) and 0.72(0.52–1.00), respectively). Most of the differences in HR between these groups could be explained by intake of dietary fiber and soy products. Other (non-)dietary factors characteristic for a vegetarian or low meat diet had negligible individual effects, but attenuated the HRs towards the null when combined. Vegetarians, pescetarians and 1 day/week meat eaters showed a non-significantly decreased risk of colorectal cancer compared to 6-7 day/week meat consumers, mainly due to differences in dietary pattern other than meat intake.
Involvement of normalized NMDA receptor and mTOR-related signaling in rapid antidepressant effects of Yueju and ketamine on chronically stressed mice
Authors: Tang Juanjuan , Xue Wenda , Xia Baomei , Ren Li , Tao Weiwei , Chen Chang , Zhang Hailou , Wu Ruyan , Wang Qisheng , Wu Haoxin , Duan Jinao , Chen Gang
Published: August 2015

Yueju, a Traditional Chinese Medicine formula, exhibited fast-onset antidepressant responses similar to ketamine. This study focused on assessing the rapid and persistent antidepressant efficacy of Yueju and ketamine in chronically stressed mice and its association with alternations in prefrontal N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-related activity. Chronic mild stress (CMS) led to deficits in sucrose preference test (SPT), forced swim test, tail suspension test and novelty-suppressed feeding test, which were improved differently by acute Yueju or ketamine administration. The improvement in SPT started as soon as 2 hours post Yueju and ketamine but lasted for 6 days only by Yueju. Body weight was regained by Yueju more than ketamine at post-drug administration day (PAD) 6. CMS decreased phosphorylation of the mTOR effectors 4E-BP1 and p70S6K, their upstream regulators ERK and Akt and downstream targets including synaptic protein GluR1. Yueju or ketamine reversed these changes at PAD 2, but only Yueju reversed phosphor-Akt at PAD 6. CMS selectively and lastingly increased NMDA receptor subunit NR1 expression, which was reversed by ketamine or Yueju at PAD 2 but only by Yueju at PAD 6. These findings suggest that NR1 and Akt/mTOR signaling are important therapeutic targets for depression.
Solution structure of the transmembrane domain of the mouse erythropoietin receptor in detergent micelles
Authors: Li Qingxin , Lei Wong Ying , Yueqi Lee Michelle , Li Yan , Kang CongBao
Published: August 2015

Erythropoiesis is regulated by the erythropoietin receptor (EpoR) binding to its ligand. The transmembrane domain (TMD) and the juxtamembrane (JM) regions of the EpoR are important for signal transduction across the cell membrane. We report a solution NMR study of the mouse erythropoietin receptor (mEpoR) comprising the TMD and the JM regions reconstituted in dodecylphosphocholine (DPC) micelles. The TMD and the C-terminal JM region of the mEpoR are mainly α-helical, adopting a similar structure to those of the human EpoR. Residues from S216 to T219 in mEpoR form a short helix. Relaxation study demonstrates that the TMD of the mEpoR is rigid whilst the N-terminal region preceding the TMD is flexible. Fluorescence spectroscopy and sequence analysis indicate that the C-terminal JM region is exposed to the solvent. Helix wheel result shows that there is hydrophilic patch in the TMD of the mEpoR formed by residues S231, S238 and T242 and these residues might be important for the receptor dimerization.
Hydrogel Walkers with Electro-Driven Motility for Cargo Transport
Authors: Yang Chao , Wang Wei , Yao Chen , Xie Rui , Ju Xiao-Jie , Liu Zhuang , Chu Liang-Yin
Published: August 2015

In this study, soft hydrogel walkers with electro-driven motility for cargo transport have been developed via a facile mould-assisted strategy. The hydrogel walkers consisting of polyanionic poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid-co-acrylamide) exhibit an arc looper-like shape with two “legs” for walking. The hydrogel walkers can reversibly bend and stretch via repeated “on/off” electro-triggers in electrolyte solution. Based on such bending/stretching behaviors, the hydrogel walkers can move their two “legs” to achieve one-directional walking motion on a rough surface via repeated “on/off” electro-triggering cycles. Moreover, the hydrogel walkers loaded with very heavy cargo also exhibit excellent walking motion for cargo transport. Such hydrogel systems create new opportunities for developing electro-controlled soft systems with simple design/fabrication strategies in the soft robotic field for remote manipulation and transportation.
The Pharmaceutical Industry and the Future of Drug Development
Authors: Taylor David
Published: August 2015

The pharmaceutical industry has a number of unusual characteristics, both in its structure and in the nature of its business operations, which are little known outside the industry but which materially affect the process of bringing new pharmaceuticals to the patient. The development of a new pharmaceutical is very time consuming, extremely costly and high risk, with very little chance of a successful outcome. The process of research and development is described, together with all its challenges, including environmental ones. The commercial realities and constraints of the business, together with its current problems, are discussed, followed by an exploration of some of the likely future commercial and technical developments in the business, including the development of a greener pharmacy.
Fluorescent metal ion chemosensors via cation exchange reactions of complexes, quantum dots, and metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Cheng Jinghui , Zhou Xiangge , Xiang Haifeng
Published: August 2015

Overview of a new paradigm in the design of fluorescent chemosensors for detecting metal ions via cation exchange reactions of complexes, quantum dots, and metal–organic frameworks.
A dual enzymatic amplified strategy for the detection of endonuclease V activity
Authors: Wang Wei , Peng Feifei , Li Wang , Huang Yan , Nie Zhou , Yao Shouzhuo
Published: August 2015

A dual enzymatic amplified strategy for the detection of endonuclease V activity was developed based onin situsynthesis of fluorescent CuNPs.
A graphene oxide-based fluorescent platform for selective detection of amyloid-β oligomers
Authors: Liu Lin , Xia Ning , Zhang Jiebin , Mao Wenhui , Wu Yangyang , Ge Xingxing
Published: August 2015

We report a graphene oxide (GO)-based fluorescent platform for selective detection of amyloid-β oligomers (AβOs) based on the strong and specific interaction between AβOs and the PrP(95–110) peptide, a segment of the cellular prion protein.
The mechanism of CO2 hydration: a porous metal oxide nanocapsule catalyst can mimic the biological carbonic anhydrase role
Authors: Bandeira Nuno A. G. , Garai Somenath , Müller Achim , Bo Carles
Published: August 2015

The mechanism for the hydration of CO2 within a Keplerate nanocapsule is presented.
‘Honeycomb’ nanotube assembly based on thiacalix[4]arene derivatives by weak interactions
Authors: Wang Wei , Yang Weiping , Guo Rong , Gong Shuling
Published: August 2015

Crystallisation of six thiacalix[4]arene derivatives from hexane–chloroform leads to ‘honeycomb’ nanotube architectures and each tubular stack is surrounded by six close tubular neighbours via weak interactions, such as S⋯π interactions, C–H⋯π interactions, and so on.
Design of mass-controllable NiCo2S4/Ketjen Black nanocomposite electrodes for high performance supercapacitors
Authors: Peng Tao , Zhao Tieliang , Zhou Qing , Zhou Hongyan , Wang Jun , Liu Jinyuan , Liu Qi
Published: August 2015

NiCo2S4/Ketjen Black nanocomposites have been successfully fabricated on nickel foam by a facile two-step solution-based method. The Ni1K0.25 electrode has a competitive areal specific capacitance, good rate capacitance and excellent cycling stability.
Divergent trend in density versus viscosity of ionic liquid/water mixtures: a molecular view from guanidinium ionic liquids
Authors: Singh Akhil Pratap , Gardas Ramesh L. , Senapati Sanjib
Published: August 2015

Ionic liquids (ILs) have shown great potential in the dissolution and stability of biomolecules when a low-to-moderate quantity of water is added.
Dipolar motions and ionic conduction in an ibuprofen derived ionic liquid
Authors: Viciosa M. T. , Santos G. , Costa A. , Danède F. , Branco L. C. , Jordão N. , Correia N. T. , Dionísio M.
Published: August 2015

It was demonstrated that the combination of the almost water insoluble active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) ibuprofen with the biocompatible 1-ethanol-3-methylimidazolium [C2OHMIM] cation of an ionic liquid (IL) leads to a highly water miscible IL-API with a solubility increased by around 5 orders of magnitude.
Ion-specific adsorption and electroosmosis in charged amorphous porous silica
Authors: Hartkamp Remco , Siboulet Bertrand , Dufrêche Jean-François , Coasne Benoit
Published: August 2015

Aqueous electrolyte solutions (NaCl, KCl, CsCl, and SrCl2) confined in a negatively charged amorphous silica slit pore.
Water adsorption in SAPO-34: elucidating the role of local heterogeneities and defects using dispersion-corrected DFT calculations
Authors: Fischer Michael
Published: August 2015

The interaction of water with the chabazite-type silicoaluminophosphate SAPO-34 is investigated using first-principles calculations. Models with heterogeneous Si distributions and defects are included, permitting conclusions regarding the influence of variations in the local structure on the water adsorption properties.
Coupling of surface energy with electric potential makes superhydrophobic surfaces corrosion-resistant
Authors: Ramachandran Rahul , Nosonovsky Michael
Published: August 2015

The superhydrophobicity makes metallic surfaces corrosion-resistant. Hydrophobization leads to a decrease in the corrosion potential.
A chemical method for stabilizing a new series of solid solution Pr1−xCexScO3 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) systems
Authors: Sayed Farheen N. , Shukla R. , Tyagi A. K.
Published: August 2015

The structural stabilization of a new series of perovskite Pr1−xCexScO3 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) systems with a tunable bandgap.
Synthetic strategies to bicyclic tetraphosphanes using P1, P2and P4building blocks
Authors: Bresien Jonas , Faust Kirill , Hering-Junghans Christian , Rothe Julia , Schulz Axel , Villinger Alexander
Published: August 2015

The syntheses, structures, and bonding properties of bicyclic tetraphosphanes as well as their Lewis acid adducts are discussed.
Syntheses and properties of phosphine-substituted ruthenium(ii) polypyridine complexes with nitrogen oxides
Authors: Nakamura Go , Kondo Mio , Crisalli Meredith , Lee Sze Koon , Shibata Akane , Ford Peter C. , Masaoka Shigeyuki
Published: August 2015

The substitution lability of the nitrogen oxide ligands of novel phosphine-substituted ruthenium(ii) polypyridine complexes is discussed in comparison with that of the corresponding acetonitrile complexes.
Remarkably constant PAH concentrations in Swiss soils over the last 30 years
Authors: Gubler Andreas , Wächter Daniel , Blum Franziska , Bucheli Thomas D.
Published: August 2015

Over the last 30 years, concentrations of medium to heavy PAH remained remarkably constant for Swiss topsoils, whereas concentrations of light PAH decreased.
EPA-enriched phospholipids ameliorate cancer-associated cachexia mainly via inhibiting lipolysis
Authors: Du Lei , Yang Yu-Hong , Wang Yu-Ming , Xue Chang-Hu , Kurihara Hideyuki , Takahashi Koretaro
Published: August 2015

EPA-PL rescues the cancer-associated cachexiaviainhibiting lipolysis.
Assay for lignin breakdown based on lignin films: insights into the Fenton reaction with insoluble lignin
Authors: Kent Michael S. , Avina Isaac C. , Rader Nadeya , Busse Michael L. , George Anthe , Sathitsuksanoh Noppadon , Baidoo Edward , Timlin Jerilyn , Giron Nicholas H. , Celina Mathias C. , Martin Laura E. , Polsky Ronen , Chavez Victor H. , Huber Dale L. , Keasling Jay D. , Singh Seema , Simmons Blake A. , Sale Kenneth L.
Published: August 2015

This paper reports a multiplexed assay for degradation of lignin, and insights into the Fenton reaction with insoluble lignin.
Life cycle assessment of multi-step rufinamide synthesis – from isolated reactions in batch to continuous microreactor networks
Authors: Ott Denise , Borukhova Svetlana , Hessel Volker
Published: August 2015

Rufinamide is an antiepileptic drug to treat Lennox–Gastaut syndrome, in combination with other medications. Herein, several batch and continuous process routes to rufinamide are analysed and optimised regarding their environmental impact, to finally predict a fully continuous, telescoped process route.
Zinc is a transmembrane agonist that induces platelet activation in a tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent manner
Authors: Watson Ben R. , White Nathan A. , Taylor Kirk A. , Howes Joanna-Marie , Malcor Jean-Daniel M. , Bihan Dominique , Sage Stewart O. , Farndale Richard W. , Pugh Nicholas
Published: August 2015

Exogenous zinc induces full aggregation of washed platelet suspensions. Zinc-induced aggregation is biphasic, suggestive of secondary signalling-mediated activation.
One-step synthesis of SnO2 nanoparticles-loaded graphitic carbon nitride and their application in thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate
Authors: Li Qi , He Yi , Peng Rufang
Published: August 2015

SnO2NPs/g-C3N4 hybrids can effectively catalyze NH4ClO4 molecules by the aid of a synergistic reaction of SnO2.