bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HEALTH BEHAVIOUR PADA PEREMPUAN USIA SUBUR DALAM MENJAGA KESEHATAN REPRODUKSI
Authors: Widiasih Restuning , Setyawati Anita
Published: December 2018

AbstrakIndonesia masih tertinggal dalam banyak aspek kesehatan reproduksi khususnya pada perempuan. Upaya-upaya promosi dan prevensi kesehatan perempuan pada kelompok perempuan sehat sangat dibutuhkan untuk meningkatkan kondisi kesejahteraan perempuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui upaya promosi kesehatan dan prevensi timbulnya penyakit pada kesehatan reproduksi perempuan usia subur. Metode penelitian adalah deskriptif kuantitatif, jumlah sampel 51 perempuan di Wilayah Cikutra, instrument penelitian berupa kuesioner tentang aktivitas perempuan dalam menjaga kesehatan reproduksi. Cara pengumpulan data dilakukan langsung pada responden, data dianalisa dengan menggunakan distribusi frekuensi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan upaya perempuan menjaga kesehatan reproduksi bervariasi yaitu seluruh responden mengikuti program keluarga berencana, menjaga kesetiaan pada pasangan dan upaya untuk mencegah kekerasan dalam rumah tangga dilakukan oleh sebagian besar responden. Disisi lain sedikit perempuan melakukan upaya pencegahan penyakit infeksi sistem reproduksi, dan upaya pencegahan penyakit kanker payudara dan kanker cerviks. Kesimpulan, upaya perempuan menjaga kesehatan reproduksi belum maksimal, perlu perhatian yang lebih dari pemerintah untuk lebih memfasilitasi perempuan dalam meningkatkan kesehatan dan pencegah penyakit reproduksi. Kata kunci; Promosi kesehatan; Pencegahan penyakit; Kesehatan reproduksi perempuan Abstract Please Reproductive Health Behaviour amongst Women of Reproductive Age. Women’s reproductive health in Indonesia is still under expectation. Women’s health promotion and illness prevention programmes are significant to improve women’s wealthiness, in particular, their reproductive health. The objective of this study was to determine women’s health behavior related to health promotion and illness prevention in reproductive diseases and issues. this study applied the descriptive qualitative approach that involved 51 women from sub-district Cikutra, Bandung. Respondents filled in a questioner about women’s health behavior in health promotion and illness prevention related to reproductive health. The data were analyzed using distribution frequency. This study found that all respondents participated in the family planning programmes (100%), the majority of respondents were faithful to their partner (92%), and they understood how to deal with domestic violence (75%). While less of women did illness prevention or screening related to infection of the reproductive system (31%), and breast and cervical cancer (35% and 39%, respectively). Women’s reproductive health behavior is not maximum yet. the Indonesian government needs to provide more attention, facilities, and programmes to enhance women’s health behavior in women’s reproductive health promotion and illness prevention. Keywords: health promotion, illness prevention, women’s reproductive health
AB ve TÜRKİYE’DE SOSYAL DİYALOĞUN GELİŞİMİ ÜZERİNE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: Özkan Elifnaz , Yeşilbaş Orhan Merve
Published: December 2018

Sosyal
Diyalog, kavram olarak çok geniş bir yapıya sahip olmakla birlikte içinde bir
ulusun tarihinden, sosyo-ekonomik koşullarından ya da belirli bir döneminin
siyasal durumundan izler taşıyabilir. Bu bakımdan Sosyal Diyalog kavramı için
uluslararası alanda pek çok farklı açıklama yapılmaktadır. Sosyal diyalog
anlayışının milletler açısından değişiklik göstermesi, bu kavramın her ülke ya
da toplulukta farklı seviyede gelişmesine neden olmuştur.

Yapılan
bu çalışmada AB ile Türkiye’de sosyal diyalog kavramının tarihsel süreç
içerisinde gelişimine yer verilmiş ve sosyal diyaloğa bakış açıları
değerlendirilmiştir. Bu değerlendirme ile AB ve Türkiye’de sosyal diyalog
gelişim süreçlerinin karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Sosyal diyalog
mekanizmalarının etkin kullanımının sendikalaşma oranlarını olumlu yönde
etkileyeceği düşünülmektedir. Bu nedenle AB ile Türkiye’deki sendikalaşma
oranları incelenmiştir. Elde edilen verilerle AB ile Türkiye’deki sosyal
diyalog sürecinin karşılaştırması yapılmış ve kavram üzerinden teorik bir
değerlendirme sunulmuştur. Araştırma sonucunda, AB ve Türkiye’de sendikal
hareket etkinliğinin azaldığı görülmüştür.
La terminologia vitivinicola da Pellis ad oggi
Authors: Buršić-Giudici Barbara
Published: December 2018

L’Istria è un territorio dove coesistono diversi idiomi originati da due famiglie linguistiche: quella slava e quella romanza. Gli idiomi romanzi ancora vivi sono tre: l’istroveneto, l’istrioto e l’istrorumeno. L’istrioto si è conservato solamente nell’Istria meridionale e in sole sei località. Questi idiomi stanno scomparendo. Vivono solamente nelle vecchie generazioni. La popolazione di Sissano è prevalentemente occupata nella campagna di cui ne conosce ogni segreto e può esprimere perizia, intelligenza e soprattutto amore per la propria terra. La viticultura è un campo che, più degli altri, rifugge per forza maggiore da mutamenti perché priva di mezzi ed esperti di scuole agrarie e il tutto è saldamente attaccato alla tradizione. Ringraziando, quindi, la mancata evoluzione, la terminologia viticola si è conservata al massimo. Nella nostra ricerca abbiamo confrontato la terminologia vitivinicola dell’Atlante Linguistico Italiano (opera promossa dalla Società Filologica Friulana "G.I. Ascoli") con la parlata di oggi. Abbiamo analizzato le schede: 3938-4000, riguardanti l’uva ed il vino. L’inchiesta per l’ALI è stata eseguita da Ugo Pellis dal 9 giugno 1926 al 5-6 aprile 1930. L’informatore era Giuseppe Tromba, di anni 63, di professione agricoltore e minatore.
Profile of Estrogen Metabolism in Endometriosis Patients
Authors: Verani Tirsa , Sumapradja  Kanadi
Published: December 2018

Objective: To assess the estrone (E1), estradiol (E2) and estriol (E3) blood level and its ratio (E2:E1, E2:E3 and E1:E3) between women with and without endometriosis. Method: We performed an analytical cross sectional study with 27 women with endometriosis and 27 women without endometriosis who met the inclusion criteria. The samples were recruited in Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital and other satellite hospitals from October 2012 to April 2013. The blood level of estrogen metabolites was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Comparison between the two groups was analyzed by using Mann- Whitney test. Result: The level of estrone was found to be lower in endometriosis group compared to that in the control group (54.66 pg/ml vs 73.52 pg/ml, p=0.229). Similarly, the levels of estradiol and estriol were lower in endometriosis group (29 pg/ml vs 35 pg/ml, p=0.815 and 1.11 pg/ml vs 1.67 pg/ml, p=0.095, consecutively). The E2:E1 ratio was higher in endometriosis group (0.51 pg/ml vs 0.38 pg/ml, p=0.164), as well as E2:E3 ratio (26.53 pg/ml vs 21.11 pg/ml, p=0.223) and the E1:E3 ratio (58.55 pg/ml vs 50.28 pg/ml, p=0.684). However, all those differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion: The estrone, estradiol and estriol levels in women with endometriosis were lower compared to those in women without endometriosis. The ratio of E2:E1, E2:E3 and E1:E3 were higher in endometriosis group. However, all those differences failed to reach statistical significance. [Indones J Obstet Gynecol 2014; 3: 127-131] Keywords: endometriosis, estradiol, estriol, estrogen, estrone
Hang-up IUD, New Technique for Suturing CuT-380A IUD to Uterine Fundus in Immediate Postplacental Insertion during Cesarean Delivery: Twelve Months Follow up
Authors: Tjahjanto Hary , Haryuni Indah T
Published: December 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness, side effects and acceptability of postplacental CuT-380A IUD insertion using new technique for suturing to uterine fundus during cesarean section (hang up technique). Method: Prospective cohort study of postplacental IUD CuT-380A insertion during cesarean delivery. Hang-up technique consists of performing a puncture in the center of the fundus wall using straight needle into the uterine cavity and subsequently using chromic catgut no. 1 to tie the IUD using anchor knot and hanging the IUD to the fundus. Our subjects were women who underwent caesarean delivery at dr. Kariadi Hospital between 1st June 2009 to 31st April 2011 and followed up at 12 months follow-up, one woman underwent IUD removal because of severe dysmenorrhea. No perforation or expulsion was reported. Conclusion: Immediate postplacental insertion of IUD CuT-380A using hang-up technique is safe and effective. Typical use effectiveness is high (Pearl Index 0.93) and there were no reported incidents of expulsion or perforation. Acceptance and continuation rate were high, 98.15% and 95.37% respectively. [Indones J Obstet Gynecol 2014; 2-31: 132-139] Keywords: anchor knots, cesarean section, hang-up IUD, postplacental IUD insertion
Impact of Uterine Prolapse Surgery on Improvement of Bowel Symptoms
Authors: Zulfadli Zulfadli
Published: December 2018

Objective: To find the effectiveness of uterine prolapse surgery in

patients with bowel symptoms.

Method: Clinical trial without comparison study of 32 consecutive

women who underwent surgery for grade III and IV uterine prolapse

with bowel symptoms. Bowel symptoms score was evaluated

before and three months after surgery by using the Australian Pelvic

Floor Questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20.

Result: There were significant mean differences between bowel

symptoms score three months after surgery for grade III and IV uterine prolapse and before surgery although there were patients with

persistent symptoms. Bowel symptoms scores include constipation,

flatus incontinence, fecal incontinence, fecal urgency, defecation frequency, defecation consistency, incomplete bowel emptying, laxative use, and frequency of defecation disorder score, with p
Ovarian Malignancy Prediction by Gatot Purwoto (GP) Score, Risk Malignancy Index (RMI), and Frozen Section in Young Age
Authors: Wijaya Liva
Published: December 2018

Objective: To know the diagnostic value of a scoring system taken

before surgery and frozen section in young-aged patients with suspected malignancy. Using that result, we can also investigate

whether frozen section gives additional value to clinical scoring system.

Method: This study is a diagnostic test. This study was carried out

by accessing RSCM’s medical record from 2006-2011. From 437 patients suspected of ovarian malignancy, we included 157 patients

due to age.

Result: Diagnostic value of GP score are 77%, 49%, 61%, 68%, 63%, while RMI are 69%, 49%, 58%, 45%, 59%, (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy respectively).

Diagnostic value of frozen section in patients with suspected

malignancy using GP score >4 are 81.7%, 87.2%, 90.7%,

75.6%, 83%, while in patients with RMI 200 are 81%, 87%, 89%,

77%, 83% (sensitivity, spesificity, positive predictive value, negative

predictive value, and accuracy respectively).

Conclusion: Gatot Purwoto score and RMI have good diagnostic

value in proving malignancy in young age. Its predictive value will

be increased by frozen section.

[Indones J Obstet Gynecol 2014; 3: 157-161]

Keywords: frozen section, gatot purwoto score, ovarian malignancy,

RMI, young age
Social Support and Postpartum Depression in Human Immuno Deficiency Virus (HIV) Patients
Authors: Saroyo Yudianto B.
Published: December 2018

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between social support given to HIV patients with the incidence of postpartum depression.

Method: All HIV patients who had delivery in Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital and Prof. dr. Sulianti Saroso hospital during the period of October 2012 to March 2013 were enrolled as research subjects. We performed depression screening with the Edinburgh Postnatal

Depression Scale (EPDS) and to measure the social support provided by Social Support Questionnaire/Kuesioner Dukungan Sosial (KDS). Statistical analysis was done using Fisher’s exact test,

Chi-square and unpaired t-test.

Result: We found a total of 34.1% of subjects who experienced postpartum depression, in which 40% did not received proper social support. Considering the demographic characteristics of the subjects who experienced depression, 70% was in age group 20-35 years, 56.7% of subjects had low education level and 70% was primiparous.

Conclusion: Social support has a protective effect towards postpartum depression in HIV patients.

[Indones J Obstet Gynecol 2014; 3: 117-120]

Keywords: Edinburgh postnatal depression scale, HIV, (kuesioner dukungan sosial), postpartum depression, social support
Ovarian Reserve In Infertile Women with and without Endometriosis Measured with Anti Müllerian Hormone
Authors: Harharah Naivah
Published: December 2018

Objective: To compare serum Anti Müllerian Hormone (AMH) levels

in infertile women with and without endometriosis, and to determine

the mean levels of serum AMH in every stage of endometriosis.

Method: We performed a cross-sectional study. Sixty-eight subjects

who have undergone laparoscopy and fulfilled both inclusion and

exclusion criteria are recruited consecutively. They are divided into

two groups, namely group with endometriosis and without endometriosis.

Blood samples are taken from each subject before laparoscopy,

where serum AMH levels are then measured. The difference

in mean levels of each group are tested with Mann-Whitney

test.

Result: The mean levels of serum AMH were significantly lower in

the endometriosis group than those in the group without endometriosis (2.30 1.8 ng/ml vs 3.75 2.13 ng/ml; p=0.005). Using

Kruskal-Wallis test, it was found that there was a statistically significant difference among endometriosis groups based on the severity of endometriosis. There was no significant difference in the mean serum AMH levels between the minimal-mild endometriosis group and without endometriosis group (p=0.34), but the mean levels of serum AMH were significantly lower in the moderate-severe endometriosis compare to the group without endometriosis (p
Female Sexual Function after Vaginal Delivery with Episiotomy and Cesarean Section
Authors: Jembawan I Made W
Published: December 2018

Objective: To determine the difference of sexual function after vaginal

delivery with episiotomy and cesarean section in Sanglah Hospital,

Denpasar.

Method: This research was conducted using cross sectional method.

Sample was collected using consecutive sampling, starting from October 2011-September 2012. Our sample consists of 86 women, 43 post-episiotomy and 43 post-cesarean section. Sexual function was assessed using FSFI (Female Sexual Function Index). Total score was analyzed using independent t-test and difference of sexual function was tested using Chi-square, with significance level p0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in term of sexual arousal and lubrication, with p-value 0.160 and 0.67, respectively. However, we found significant difference in other domains, namely desire (p=0.014), orgasm (p=0.045), satisfaction (p=0.018), pain (p=0.02), and total FSFI score (p=0.006). Sexual dysfunction was found in 18.60% of the episiotomy group and 2.33% of the cesarean section group, with p=0.030.

Conclusion: Female sexual dysfunction was found to be significantly

different between women post vaginal delivery with episiotomy and

women who had cesarean section.

[Indones J Obstet Gynecol 2014; 4: 199-203]

Keywords: cesarean section, episiotomy, female sexual function
Visual Inspection of Acetic Acid (VIA) as a Promising Standard for Cervical Cancer Screening
Authors: Utami Tofan W
Published: December 2018

Objective: To evaluate the "false negative" of VIA in our study population compared to HPV DNA test as the reference test or gold standard.

Method: We processed the cervical swab from 1,279 patients with

negative VIA and detected the HPV DNA by using INNO-Lipa HPV

DNA test.

Result: From 1,279 women with negative VIA, 65 samples were excluded because of incomplete data and duplicate examination. From

the remaining 1,214 women with negative VIA, 39 samples were

confirmed to be positive for HPV DNA by both PCR and hybridization,

leading to a "false negative" result of 3.21%.

Conclusion: This study shows VIA as a very effective method for

cervical cancer screening. VIA gives an excellent result, particularly

for ectocervix, with minimal cost. Therefore, it is very suitable to be

used as cervical cancer screening in developing countries like Indonesia.

[Indones J Obstet Gynecol 2014; 4: 216-219]

Keywords: cervical cancer, HPV DNA, negative VIA, screening, VIA
Low Level of CD4 Increases Risk of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia in HIV-Infected Women
Authors: Mariana Mona
Published: December 2018

Objective: To study the risk of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia

(CIN) at higher CD4 levels compared to low CD4 levels in HIV-infected

women.

Method: Case-control study of 50 HIV-infected women who meet

the inclusion and exclusion criteria and attended Kerti Praja Foundation outpatient clinic, Denpasar, who were then divided into 2

groups, those with CD4 500/mm3 and those with CD4
Laparoscopic Transperitoneal Approach for Vesicovaginal Fistula Repair: the First Experience
Authors: Santoso Jumadi
Published: December 2018

Objective: To report our first experience in transperitoneal laparoscopic repair of vesicovaginal fistula in Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital.

Method: A 31-year-old female presented with vesicovaginal fistula

after cesarean section. Patient complained of urinary incontinence

since 5 years ago. After a failed trial of conservative treatment with

catheter drainage, a transperitoneal laparoscopic repair was performed.

Initially, cystoscopy was performed to confirm the fistula location

and for bilateral ureteric catheterization. A 4-port technique

was performed with the patient in lithotomy position and slightly

Trendelenburg. Without opening the bladder, the fistula tract was

excised and the bladder was separated from the anterior vaginal

wall. Both the bladder and vaginal walls were then closed separately

using intracorporeal suturing, interposed with the omentum.

Result: Total operative time was 270 minutes. Normal diet was resumed on day 1, drain was removed on the first day after surgery,

and the patient was discharged on the second day with an indwelling

catheter. Surgical wound showed good cosmetic result and no

leakage was identified from cystogram after 2 weeks. The catheter

was removed after 2 weeks.

Conclusion: Laparoscopic transperitoneal repair of vesicovaginal

fistula with omentum inteposition is feasible in Dr. Hasan Sadikin

Hospital with good outcome, short hospital stay, and good cosmetic

result.

[Indones J Obstet Gynecol 2014; 4: 223-225]

Keywords: laparoscopy, vesicovaginal fistula
SOCIALIZATION AND EMPOWERING COMMUNITY OF ANTIHOAX IN DENPASAR
Authors: Amanda Ni Made Ras
Published: December 2018

Information, communication, and technology (ICT) in communities now have been major needs. Media nowadays developed in to new media like social media. Social media have different characteristic compared to mass media. One of the differences is the source or communicator. In social media, the communicator often unknown. The other characteristic is, social media has a massive effect through individual user. Ironically, not all the news and information which spread out in social media is a real news or fake news and hoaxes. In the other hand, social media user didn’t have media literacy to recognize the fake and the real news. to counter that, it needs to build awareness and empowering community of anti-hoax in Denpasar, as the biggest city in Bali. The activities were socialization in diverse age, researched, and campaign in the heart of Denpasar involving the vice governor of Bali Province.
BUKALAPAK AND THE REPRESENTATION OF THE CHINESE ETHNIC IN THEIR ‘BU LINDA’ ADVERTISEMENT
Authors: Arista Bella , Perdana Abhirama S
Published: December 2018

Indonesia is a diverse country of tribe and culture, where differences can sometimes lead to pros and cons in the society. Media representatives should continue to describe each ethnicity in Indonesia by upholding good values, traditions, and social roles in society. Media today needs to be shifted to describe a particular ethnic/ethnic group in a more convenient way without eroding social norms, cultures, and beliefs in the society. Bukalapak's advertisement, entitled "Bu Linda", reflects the other side of a Chinese descendant in Indonesia and also reflects on the idea of ​​inter-ethnic harmony, this study analyses Bukalapak's advertisement with the title "Bu Linda" using Critical Public Relations Analysis with Visual Grammar from the Social Semiotics Approach. The purpose of this study is to explore how Bukalapak represent the Chinese descendants in Indonesia through its advertisement.
دور المنظمة المتعلمة في تطبيق سلوكيات فرق العمل / دراسة استطلاعية في مصرف الرشيد
Authors: ابراهيم نور خليل
Published: December 2018

يهدف هذه البحث الى دراسة العلاقةَ بين المنظمة المتَعلمة وسلوكيات فرق العمل . وتناول متغير المنظمة المتعلمة اربعة أبعاد اعتمادا على دراسة (sudhartna &Li ,2004 ) القيم المشتركة، الاتصال، نقل المعرفة ، خصائص العاملين ، وسلوكيات فرق العمل حددت على أساس ادراك المبحوثين لاستعداد منظمتِهم للعمل كفريق حيث اعتمد البحث المفاهيم المطبقة في دراسة (الحكيم ، 2005 ) واختار البحث حالة منظمة خدمية للدراسة واعتمد على اربعة ابعاد هي التنسيق ، التعاون ، مشاركة المعلومات ، اداء الفريق، وكان منهج البحث منهجاً وصفياً تحليلياً ، كما حدد البحث مجموعة من الفرضيات كاجابات تخمينية مؤقتة عن مشكلة البحث التي جرى اختبارها بادوات احصائية لا معلمية مختبرة ، كما جرى اختيار عينة عشوائية مكونة من (39) مديراً من الادارات العليا والوسطى والاشرافية ، في عينة من فروع مصرف الرشيد العراقي ببغداد واستنتج البحث وجود علاقة ارتباط  للمنظمة المتعلمة بسلوكيات فرق العمل اذ كانت قوية و ذات دلالة معنوية , مما يشير إلى دور المنظمة المتعلمة في تفعيل سلوكيات فرق العمل في المصرف , وإن هناك علاقة قوية ما بين التراجع الذي يصيب المنظمة المتعلمة التراجع في مستوى سلوكيات فرق العمل و العكس صحيح ، وبينت النتائج الى وجود تأثير ما بين المنظمة المتعلمة في سلوكيات فرق العمل اذ كانت قوية و ذات دلالة معنوية مما يدل على الدور المميز الذي تمارسه المنظمة المتعلمة في نجاح سلوكيات فرق العمل في المصرف المبحوث وقد اوصى البحث اقامة حلقات نقاشية وورش عمل للعاملين في المصرف وبمساعدة الخبراء المختصين من اجل خلق فرص للابداع والتطور والحث على العمل الجماعي من اجل تحقيق التداؤبية في العمل وذلك من خلال توفير الظروف المناسبة وتقديم الدعم اللازم لاعضاء الفريق ومنحهم الصلاحيات باتخاذ القرارات.
أتجاهات السياسة الأقتصادية في العراق لما بعد عام 2003
Authors: فتاح عبد الجبار محمود , منير عامر سامي
Published: December 2018

تكتسب السياسة الاقتصادية اهمية استثنائية في اقتصاد شديد الاحادية كالاقتصاد العراقي اذ تشكل ايرادات النفط مركز الثقل في الموازين الداخلية والخارجية . وقد شهدت السياسة الاقتصادية في العراق لما بعد عام 2003 غياباً للرؤية الاستراتيجية الاقتصادية والفشل في تطبيق السياسات القادرة على تحقيق التنمية الاقتصادية اذ كان هناك انفصاماً وعدم تكامل وتنسيق بين السياسات الكلية وخاصة السياسة النقدية والسياسة المالية وكأنهما سياستان عائمتان لايربطهما رابط
تأثير إنشاء نظام ضمان القروض لشركات الكفالات المصرفية على تمويل المشاريع الصغيرة والمتوسطة
Authors: عبد الوهاب اكرم عبد العزيز , حمود سالم سوادي
Published: December 2018

لا يخفي على المتخصصين الدور الذي تلعبه المشاريع الصغيرة والمتوسطة في الاقتصاد, ولغرض ديمومة عمل هذه المشاريع لابد من توافر التمويل اللازم لها من المصارف وهذه الاخيرة تعاني مشاكل الإقراض المتمثلة بمخاطر الإقراض لذا ظهر دور شركات الكفالات المصرفية لتخفيض هذه المخاطر ومن ثم تسهيل المشاريع لهذه القروض.

      وقد جاء هذا البحث ليسلط الضوء على تأثير نظام ضمان القروض لشركات الكفالات المصرفية في عملية إقراض المشاريع، يقوم البحث على فرضية مفادها إن إنشاء نظام ضمان القروض في الشركة العراقية للكفالات المصرفية يزيد من عملية نفاد أصحاب المشاريع الصغيرة والمتوسطة  في الحصول على القروض ومن ثم ضمان مخاطر القروض للمصارف المانحة لهذه القروض
اختيار أفضل أنموذج لبناء جداول الحياة في العراق
Authors: القزاز قتيبة نبيل , محمد ذو الفقار جاسم
Published: December 2018

علم السكان او الدراسات السكانية او الديموغرافيا هو العلم الذي يقوم على دراسة علمية لخصائص السكان المختلفة , وتمثل الدراسات السكانية الطريقة المبدئية لفهم المجتمع السكاني , فعلاوة على التحقق من عدد السكان في منطقة معينة تحدد سبب الزيادة او النقصان عن الاحصائية السابقة  كما تقدر هذه الدراسات الميول المستقبلية لحدوث تغير سكاني من حيث الولادة والوفاة والهجرة .

ان لتسجيل الوفيات اهمية قصوى فعن طريقها يمكن تحليل الواقع الديموغرافي للسكان , وتغطية احتياجات الجهات الصحية وتمكين المؤسسات الحكومية من اتخاذ القرار والقيام بالإجراءات الصحية وتلبية الحاجة الى المعلومات عن التغيرات السكانية في الماضي .

ولقد تم في هذا البحث استعمال بيانات تعداد  1997 لبناء جداول الحياة الكاملة باستعمال طريقتين (النيت جونسن وطريقة أكيما ) , من خلال الاعتماد على جداول الحياة المختصرة واستعملنا طريقة (كوال دمني ) في بنائها, ولعل أهم ما يتركز عليه البحث هو اختيار افضل طريقة لتكوينها من خلال المقارنة مع توقع الحياة لجهاز المركزي للإحصاء على وفق تعداد 1997 إذ تبين طريقة النت جونسن وجدول حياة كوال دمني هي الافضل
تحديات القياس المحاسبي للموجودات غير الملموسة لنشوء قيمة إضافية للشركة وسبل مواجهتها
Authors: سلمان عامر محمد , علي رزكار احمد
Published: December 2018

يسعى هذا البحث الى تسليط الضوء على ما تضيفه الموجودات غير الملموسة من قيمة مضافة إلى الشركة وهذا يستدعي وقفة لبحثها كونها تجعل الشركة في موقف تنافسي جيد يحفز بقية الشركات على اكتساب تلك الموجودات.

  أن شركات كثيرة حققت ميزات تنافسية في الأسواق لا بل حققت احتكارات زادت من قيمتها وجنت أرباح غير عادية نتيجة تلك الموجودات الأمر الذي يتطلب ضرورة قياسها لمعرفة المدى الذي اسهمت في نشؤ قيمة مضافة إلى قيمة الشركة من ناحية ولجعل عرض القوائم المالية ذا مصداقية أكثر، وقد تطرق عدد غير قليل من الكتاب في الأوساط العلمية والأكاديمية بجهود بحثية لإيجاد مقاييس مرجعية لتلك الموجودات.

وتوصل البحث إلى عدد من الاستنتاجات منها: -

أن الموجودات غير الملموسة نحتاج الى وقت لبنائها ومن الصعوبة تقليدها من قبل المنافسين، مما تشكل مصدر قوة لتكوين ميزة تنافسية.

أن عملية قياس الاصول غير الملموسة تندرج تحت أسلوب القياس المشتقة الذي بموجبه تتحدد قيم القياسات بطريقة غير مباشرة مبنية على نماذج رياضية لأنها ليست مجرد حدث اقتصادي تأريخي يعتمد المحاسب في قياسه على أساليب بسيطة من النوع المباشرة.

أما أهم ما توصل إليه البحث من توصيات فهي كالآتي: -

ينبغي تصنيف الموجودات غير الملموسة بحسب تطبيقات الاعمال وكما ورد بالبحث اذ نرى ان ذلك يساعد على تحديد اي نوع من تلك الموجودات يضيف قيمة للوحدة الاقتصادية.

ينبغي اللجوء الى نموذج رسملة السوق او نموذج العائد على الاصول كطريقة غير مباشرة لقياس الموجودات غير الملموسة لأنها لا تبتعد كثيرا عن القواعد المحاسبية فضلاً عن اقتصارها على القياس النقدي فيها.
موازنة العراق العامة لسنة 2015 الطموح والتحديات
Authors: حمزة حيدر جاسم
Published: December 2018

تعد عملية إعداد وتخطيط الموازنة العامة للدولة للسنوات المقبلة  من اهم  العمليات التي تقوم بها الجهات الحكومية المختصة , فمن خلال قراءة فقرات الموازنة العامة لاية حكومة وفي اي وقت يمكن معرفة توجهات تلك الحكومة للسنة او للسنوات اللاحقة إذ ان تلك التخصيصات تمثل البرنامج الحكومي المزمع تنفيذه للفترة القادمة والذي ينعكس على طبيعة التخصيصات المرصودة لكل فقرة من فقرات الموازنة والاهمية النسبية لكل منها بحسب نسبة التخصيص, ولاهمية موضوع الموازنة العامة للدولة في العراق بوصفه يتمتع بوفرة موارده الطبيعية فضلا عن وجود الايدي العاملة التي يمكن ان تسهم في رفد الاقتصاد الوطني. جاء هذا البحث الذي أستعرض طبيعة ايرادات الموازنة العامة مقابل النفقات العامة التي تتحملها الحكومة لتأمين ديمومة استمرار القطاعات المختلفة .

وقد تضمن البحث خمسة محاور خصص المحور الاول لمقدمة البحث ومنهجيته التي تبنت فرضيتين الاولى تتعلق باعتماد الحكومة في العراق على اسلوب التخطيط المسبق لتنويع مصادر الايرادات مع وجود تنسيق حكومي بين السياستين المالية والاستثمارية لتحقيق ذلك الغرض . بينما استندت الفرضية الثانية الى اعتماد الجهات الحكومية لسلسلة من الاولويات في تخصيص موارد الموازنة العامة بما يضمن سد الاحتياجات الداخلية اولاً وإيجاد مشروعات استثمارية تضمن تشغيل الايدي العاملة وخلق بيئة مستدامة من جهة اخرى. وخصص المحور الثاني للجانب النظري من البحث والتعرف على اسلوب التخطيط الامثل للموازنة العامة للدولة بينما تناول المحور الثالث طبيعة مكونات الموازنة العامة للدولة في العراق من حيث الايرادات والنفقات.بينما سلط الضوء في المحور الرابع على أهم التحديات التي تواجه موازنة عام 2015 والسنوات التي تليها وذلك بسبب الازمة الاقتصادية والامنية التي تجتاح البلد.وقد كانت خاتمة البحث في المحور الرابع الذي تضمن الاستنتاجات التي شخصها الباحث من خلال استعراضة لفقرات البحث المعززة بالكشوفات الرقمية فضلا عن الحالات المشخصة من خلال التجربة العملية ومنها تشخيص تضخم النفقات العامة اذ ينصب الجزء الاكبر منها لتغطية النفقات الجارية والذي يذهب معظمة للرواتب والاجور, ضعف دراسات الجدوى للمشروعات الاستثمارية والذي انعكس على المطالبات المكررة لزيادة التخصيصات المقرة لها. وقد جاءت التوصيات لتعزز البحث من خلال النقاط التي وجد الباحث انه من المهم الاخذ بها للنهوض بواقع الموازنات العامة للدولة في العراق للسنوات القادمة.
تقييم نظام أدارة امن المعلومات في الهيئة العراقية للحاسبات والمعلوماتية على وفق المواصفة الدولية (ISO/IEC 27001:2013
Authors: ال فيحان اثير عبد الهادي , عبد غريب عامر حمدي
Published: December 2018

تضمّن البحث الحالي (تقييم نظام ادارة امن المعلومات على وفق المواصفة الدولية (ISO/IEC 27001:2013) في الهيئة العراقية للحواسيب والمعلوماتية) , اذ يعد وضع نظام اداري لامن المعلومات من الأولويات في الوقت الحاضر, وفي ظل اعتماد المنظمات على الحواسيب وتقانة المعلومات في العمل والتواصل مع الاخرين , تبقى الشرعية الدولية (والمتمثلة بمنظمة التقييس الدولية (ISO)) اساساً للمطابقة والالتزام, وتتجلى اهمية تطبيق نظام ادارة امن المعلومات على وفق المواصفة الدولية  (ISO/IEC 27001:2013) في حماية موجودات المنظمات وبخاصة المعلومات وقواعد البيانات بشكل منهجي ومستمر.

   هدف البحث اجراء تقييم  ما بين نظام ادارة امن المعلومات القائم حالياً في الهيئة العراقية للحواسيب والمعلوماتية (موقع اجراء البحث) وبين نظام ادارة امن المعلومات على وفق المواصفة الدولية (ISO/IEC 27001:2013) وباستعمال قوائم فحص تدقيقية من اجل تشخيص فجوات عدم المطابقة مع المواصفة الدولية.

    وتوصل البحث الى استنتاج مهم الا وهو (ان النظام الإداري لأمن المعلومات والمتبع في الهيئة العراقية للحواسيب والمعلوماتية وعلى الرغم من اعتماده التقانة الحديثة والملاك الكفوء الا انه يفتقر الى حسن التوثيق والتطبيق لكثير من المتطلبات التي جاءت بها المواصفة الدولية (ISO/IEC 27001:2013) , وبحاجة الى اعادة بناء هيكل تنظيمي ووظائف تنسجم مع ما جاءت به المواصفة الداعمة (ISO/IEC 27003:2010).

   واختتم البحث بأهم توصية (تشكيل فريق عمل يتبنى تهيئة مستلزمات تطبيق المواصفة (ISO/IEC 27001:2013), ويعمل على تلبية متطلباتها ومتطلبات نظم الادارة الاخرى (نظام ادارة الجودة وغير ذلك) , وترتبط بالادارة العليا لتيسير الدعم بالموارد والصلاحيات
大庆徐深气田腐蚀监测技术现状及发展趋势
Authors: 贺 海军
Published: December 2018

大庆徐深气田产出井普遍含有CO2，而且差异较大。并且多数气井采用P110套管、N80油管光油管完井，不具备防腐性能。腐蚀监测技术是掌握气井腐蚀状况的直接手段，目前大庆徐深气田通过井口挂片法监测、井下挂片监测、极化曲线监测、电磁探伤等腐蚀监测技术对深层气井进行腐蚀监测，并得到了准确的监测数据，依据监测结果采取了相应的腐蚀防护措施，并取得了较好的腐蚀监测效果。通过腐蚀监测的应用，及新技术在腐蚀监测方面的应用，大庆深层气田腐蚀监测技术测正逐步实现智能化、网络化的腐蚀监测，进一步降低腐蚀监测周期，得到精确的腐蚀监测数据。
后压浆钻孔灌注桩工程管理控制要点
Authors: 李 挺
Published: December 2018

我项目部在项目经理的带领下针对本项目后压浆钻孔灌注桩工程，结合相关国家规范和以往经验，对混凝土灌注桩从定位、入岩深度、成孔、钢筋笼、混凝土浇筑、后压浆等方面提出了明确的管控要求，对桩基工程进行严格管控，以保证工程桩施工质量。
Trend of Hospital Admission and Outcome Study of Patients Admitted in a Neurology Unit at a Tertiary Care Neuroscience Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Chowdhury Md Tauhidul Islam , Choudhury Mohammad Shah Jahirul Hoque , Ahmed KM Ahasan , Sarkar Mohammad Sadekur Rahman , Yusuf Md Abdullah , Haider Tanvir , Alam Md Badrul
Published: December 2018

Background: Neurological disorders is becoming a growing concern both for developed and developing countries. Magnitude of the problem is increasing day by day. Among all neurological disorders, stroke is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally.Objectives: The purpose of the study was to see the trend of admission of patients with neurological diseases and to study the outcome of patients at referral neurology hospital in Bangladesh.Methodology: This retrospective chart review was conducted in the blue unit of the Department of Neurology at National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from 1st January to 31st December 2016 for a period of one (01) year. All the admitted patients with both sexes were selected as study population. The outcome was observed among the study population.Result: A total number of 1044 patients were admitted during the study period. Majority of the patients were in the age group of the 41 to 50 years which was 417(39.9%) cases. Both male and female were in highest number in the month of May which was 63 and 48 cases respectively. The total death of the study population was 146(14.0%) cases. The mean length of hospital stay was 8.4±2.31 days.Conclusion: Middle aged male is the main bulk of the neurological patients, admitted in a referral neurology hospital in Bangladesh. Highest admission and mortality was observed in stroke patients.Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2018;4(2): 69-74
Effect of Conservative Treatment on Alleviation of Symptoms in 36 cases of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in Pregnancy: A Prospective Study
Authors: Ahmed Badrunnesa , Alam Md Shafiqul , Halim Md Abdul , Salek AKM , Islam Md Jahidul , Khan Md Tariqul Islam , Rashid Md Harun Or
Published: December 2018

Background: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is the most common upper extremity compression neuropathy which is a common entrapment neuropathy seen in pregnant women.Objective: The purpose of the present study was to assess presentation and severity of various symptoms among women with CTS in pregnancy and to see the effect of conservative management protocols in alleviation of symptoms of the disease and restoration of functional capability of the affected hands.Methodology: This interventional study was included 36 pregnant women attended in the Outpatient Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Specialist in the Hi-Tech Multicare Hospital, Dhaka during the period from January 2015 to January 2016 for a period of one year and one month. Detail history was taken and examined physically by a specialist in physical medicine to ascertain the clinical diagnosis. Out of 48 referred cases, 42 pregnant women were identified clinically as CTS cases based on symptoms and signs. However, 2 cases were not enrolled because of severe form of pain and referred to other hospital for admission and 6 patient dropped out. Therefore, 36 cases with CTS symptoms included in this study. All the patients were given conservative treatment (Wrist splint, Exercise and activity modification) for 8 weeks. All patients were followed up at 4 weeks interval. Treatment outcome were measured by Boston carpal tunnel questionnaire (BCTQ).Result: The mean age of the patients is 30±3.5 years. 26 (78%) patients mild to moderate type of CTS symptoms showed improvement in conservative management. Before treatment the mean symptoms severity scale (SSS) of BCTQ) was 2.32±0.4 and for functional status scale (FSS) was it was 1.99±0.43. After treatment for SSS 1.86±0.47 and for FSS 1.53±0.42. And in SSS the p value<.05 and in FSS p value is <.05 which was statistically significant.Conclusion: In conclusion conservative management protocols are sufficient enough in alleviation of symptoms of the disease and is effective for the restoration of functional capability of the affected hand or hands.Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2018;4(2): 101-107
Clinical Profiles of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Patients: Experience of 150 Cases at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Dhaka City
Authors: Khan Nadira , Rahman Firoza , Jahan Nilufar , Khatun Rahela , Saha Nebadita
Published: December 2018

Background: Pelvic Inflammatory disease is presented with different clinical presentation among the sexually active women.Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to see the clinical profiles of women presented with pelvic inflammatory diseases.Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from November 2001 to April 2002 during the period of six (06) months and December 2002 to February 2003 for three (03) months with the total duration of nine (09) months. Women at any age who were suffering from chronic pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) attended at the OPD of gynecology Department at Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh were selected as study population. Epidemiological aspects and clinical presentation have been mainly highlighted in this study.Result: A total number of 150 cases were recruited for this study. Among 150 case of chronic pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) majority of the patients (54%) belonged to the age group of 26 to 35 years of age group followed by 16 to 25 years which was 33.3% cases. Majority 96.0% patients had pain in the lower abdomen; 78.6% cases had backache; 76.6% cases had dyspareunia; 64.0% had congestive dysmenorrhea and 60.0% cases had vaginal discharge. Regarding menstrual problems, 72.7% cases had dysmenorrhea. Majority (84.0%) cases were multipara.Conclusion: In conclusion lower abdominal pain, backache, dyspareunia, congestive dysmenorrhea are the major complaints among the PID patients.Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2018;4(2): 129-132
Potential of Liquid-Crystal Materials for Millimeter-Wave Application
Authors: Nose Toshiaki , Ito Ryota , Honma Michinori
Published: December 2018

In this study, we reviewed three topics regarding the application of liquid-crystal (LC) materials to millimeter-wave (MMW) devices. It is essential to develop useful measurement methods for refractive indices of LC materials in the MMW region. Herein, a novel measurement method using optical short is demonstrated using a Si semiconductor substrate. There are two approaches to develop MMW LC devices. One is the quasi-optical approach, which involves scaling up the optical components, and the other approach involves integrating the LC materials into high-frequency electric circuits. A three-dimensional (3D) printer is used to fabricate the Fresnel lens, which is a typical quasi-optical device useful in the MMW region, where we can develop the tunable lens by introducing LC materials. A planar-type MMW waveguide is advantageous for integrating the LC materials to develop LC MMW devices using the second approach. We investigated a useful microstrip-line-type LC phase shifter by developing a novel conversion circuit to introduce the LC material onto the dielectric substrate surface. A phase shifter is an important MMW component that is used to attain a phased array antenna system, and a minimal twin antenna array is demonstrated using the microstrip-line-type LC phase shifters.
Space-Time Variability of the Rainfall over Sahel: Observation of a Latitudinal Sharp Transition of the Statistical Properties
Authors: Sy Abdoulaye , Duroure Christophe , Baray Jean-Luc , Gour Yahya , Van Baelen Joël , Diop Bouya
Published: December 2018

The rain statistics of 0–45° N area including equatorial, Sahelian, and mid-latitude regions, are studied using the probability distributions of the duration of rainy and dry events. Long time daily data set from ground measurements and satellite observations of rain fields are used. This technique highlights a sharp latitudinal transition of the statistics between equatorial and all other regions (Sahel, mid-latitude). The probability distribution of the 8° S to 8° N latitude band shows a large-scale organization with a slow decreasing (power law decrease) distributions for the time and space size of rain events. This observation is in agreement with a scaling, or macro turbulent, behavior of the equatorial regions rain fields. For the Sahelian and mid-latitude regions, our observations are clearly not in agreement with this behavior. They show that the largest rain systems have a limited time and space size (well described with a decreasing exponential distribution). For these non-equatorial regions it is possible to define a local characteristic duration and a characteristic horizontal size of the large rain events. These characteristics time and space scales of observed mesoscale convective systems could be a sensible indicator for the detection of the possible trend of rain distribution properties due to anthropogenic influence.
Comparison of Simulated Tropical Cyclone Intensity and Structures Using the WRF with Hydrostatic and Nonhydrostatic Dynamical Cores
Authors: Qi Fujun , Fei Jianfang , Ma Zhanhong , Chen Jinrong , Huang Xiaogang , Cheng Xiaoping
Published: December 2018

This study explored the influence of choosing a nonhydrostatic dynamical core or a hydrostatic dynamical core in the weather research and forecasting (WRF) model on the intensity and structure of simulated tropical cyclones (TCs). A comparison of cloud-resolving simulations using each core revealed significant differences in the TC simulations. In comparison with the nonhydrostatic simulation, the hydrostatic simulation produced a stronger and larger TC, associated with stronger convective activity. A budget analysis of the vertical momentum equation was conducted to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Although the hydrostatic dynamical core was used, the vertical motion was not in strict hydrostatic balance because of the existence of the vertical perturbation pressure gradient force, local buoyancy force, water loading, and sum of the Coriolis and diffusion effects. The contribution of the enhanced vertical perturbation pressure gradient force was found to be more important for stronger upward acceleration in the eyewall in the hydrostatic simulation than in the nonhydrostatic simulation. This is because it leads to intensified convection in the eyewall that releases more latent heat, which induces a larger low-level radial pressure gradient and inflow motion, and eventually leads to a stronger storm.
Temporal Dynamics of Nitrous Oxide Emission and Nitrate Leaching in Renovated Grassland with Repeated Application of Manure and/or Chemical Fertilizer
Authors: Nagatake Arata , Mukumbuta Ikabongo , Yasuda Kaho , Shimizu Mariko , Kawai Masahito , Hatano Ryusuke
Published: December 2018

Managed grassland is occasionally renovated to maintain plant productivity by killing old vegetation, ploughing, and reseeding. This study aimed to investigate the combined effect of grassland renovation and long-term manure application on the temporal dynamics of nitrous oxide (N2O) emission and nitrate nitrogen (NO3−–N) leaching. The study was conducted from September 2013 to September 2016 in a managed grassland renovated in September 2013. In this grassland, two treatments were managed—chemical fertilizer application (F treatment) and the combined application of chemical fertilizer and beef cattle manure (MF treatment)—for eight years before the renovation. The control treatment without fertilization (CT) was newly established in the F treatment. The soil N2O flux was measured using a closed chamber method. A leachate sample was collected using a tension-free lysimeter that was installed at the bottom of the Ap horizon (25 cm deep), and total NO3−–N leaching was calculated from leachate NO3−–N concentration and drainage volume was estimated by the water balance method. In the first year after renovation, the absence of plant nitrogen uptake triggered NO3−–N leaching following rainfall during renovation and increased drainage water after thawing. NO3−–N movement from topsoil to deeper soil enhanced N2O production and emission from the soil. N2O emission in MF treatment was 1.6–2.0 times larger than those of CT and F treatments, and NO3−–N leaching in MF treatment was 2.3–2.6 times larger than those of CT and F treatments in the first year. Mineral nitrogen release derived from long-term manure application increased NO3−–N leaching and N2O emission. In the second year, N2O emission and NO3−–N leaching significantly decreased from the first year because of increased plant N uptake and decreased mineral nitrogen surplus, and no significant differences in N2O emission and NO3−–N leaching were observed among the treatments. In the second and third years, NO3−–N leaching was regulated by plant nitrogen uptake. There were no significant differences in NO3−–N leaching among the treatments, but N2O emission in MF treatment was significantly smaller than in the F treatment. Long-term manure application could be a possible option to mitigate N2O emission in permanent grassland; however, the risk of increased NO3−–N leaching and N2O emission in the renovation year induced by manure nitrogen release should be noted.
Effect of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells and Their Exo as Adjunctive Therapy to Nonsurgical Periodontal Treatment: A Histologic and Histomorphometric Study in Rats
Authors: Mohammed Ebtehal , Khalil Eman , Sabry Dina
Published: December 2018

Scaling and root planing (SRP) is of limited value in many cases, so adjunctive treatment was applied to augment its outcome. Adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (ADSCs) were investigated in periodontal regeneration with promising results. However, they have safety concerns. The exosomes (Exo.), which are extracellular vesicles mediating the action of stem/stromal cells, represent a new approach to overcome these concerns. Ligature-induced periodontitis was induced in 50 rats for 14 days, and they were divided into control (5 healthy rats for histologic comparison), SRP group, ADSCs group, and Exo. group, with evaluation intervals at 2 days, and 2 and 4 weeks, including 5 rats in each interval for each group. The specimens were evaluated for histologic description (H&E), histochemical study (Masson trichrome), and histomorphometric study, to evaluate the area % of newly formed tissues. The Exo. group revealed the best results in all intervals with significantly higher area % of newly formed tissues, followed by ADSCs and, finally, SRP. Both Exo. and ADSCs showed organized newly formed tissues with the Exo. group obtaining comparable histologic results to the normal, healthy tissues by 4 weeks. Adipose-derived stem/stromal cells and their Exo. represent a promising adjunctive treatment to SRP.
Erratum: Traghella, I.; et al. Nontraditional Cardiovascular Biomarkers and Risk Factors: Rationale and Future Perspectives. Biomolecules 2018, 8, 40
Authors: Traghella Irene , Mastorci Francesca , Pepe Alessia , Pingitore Alessandro , Vassalle Cristina
Published: December 2018

The authors wish to make the following change in their paper [...]
Automation of Measuring Actual Productivity of Earthwork in Urban Area, a Case Study from Montreal
Authors: Alshibani Adel
Published: December 2018

The construction of a new facility in an urban area, such as a downtown area, involves considerable earthwork excavation most of the time. Measuring the actual productivity of earthwork operations that involve heavy machinery can be a complex task for project managers. The complexity contributes to the impact of the many factors involved, the required accuracy, and the uncertainties associated with such operations. Traditionally, measuring actual productivity is carried out manually by measuring the actual quantities of the excavated earth. Measuring actual productivity manually is time-consuming and not necessarily accurate. The paper presents a case study project in Montreal to investigate the application of a developed methodology that is affordable for small to medium size contractors. It integrates the GPS and fuzzy set theory as an alternate effective methodology for measuring actual onsite productivity during the construction stage in an urban area. The developed methodology combines GPS data that are collected in near real time, fuzzy set theory (FST), and Google Earth. FST is used to define the variability and uncertainty which exists in the duration of the main activities of the earthwork (loading, traveling, dumping, and returning). Google Earth is used for graphical presentation and to store the collected GPS data of the moving hauling units. The productivity estimated by the developed methodology was compared with that provided by a simulation-based model, in which the collected GPS data are used to define the duration of earthmoving moving operations, and with that measured manually by contractor. The developed methodology proves that the utilization of GPS data and FST can yield a more accurate estimation of onsite actual productivity compared to that provided by simulation-based approaches, but in much a simpler way regarding the computation effort and time.