bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Canada lynx occurrence and forest management in the Acadian Forest
Authors: Simons‐Legaard Erin M. , Harrison Daniel J. , Krohn William B. , Vashon Jennifer H.
Published: January 2013

We evaluated patterns of occurrence and non‐occurrence for Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis) across a 16,530‐km2study area in Maine to provide a better understanding of lynx habitat selection and habitat ecology on commercially managed forestlands in the Acadian Forest. Because of the influence of forest structure on lynx habitat selection and abundance of their primary prey, the snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus), and to improve our ability to build robust models, we used habitat information derived from a time series of Landsat satellite imagery spanning the period 1973–2004. We defined and mapped 10 forest types based on forest harvest history, time since harvest, and current forest condition. We compared a suite of models to evaluate relative influences of forest composition, habitat patch configuration, and hare density on habitat selection by lynx at the landscape scale. Occupied areas had greater average hare densities and percentage of mature conifer. Average hare density in occupied areas (0.74 hares/ha) was greater than in unoccupied areas (0.62 hares/ha), but was less than previous research has suggested may be necessary to support lynx populations in the southern portion of the species' range. No occupied areas occurred where average hare density was <0.5 hares/ha. Average hare density at the landscape‐scale was strongly influenced by amount of high‐quality hare habitat (i.e., conifer or mixedwood regenerating forest, 15–35 yr post‐harvest). Edge density between mature conifer and high‐quality hare habitat was substantially greater in occupied areas compared to unoccupied areas. Juxtaposition of those 2 forest types may provide edge habitat where lynx experience easier travel and improved access to prey in landscapes with extensive areas of high‐quality hare habitat where travel and access may be somewhat limited by high understory stem density. Probability of occurrence declined nonlinearly with changes in hare density and percent mature conifer forest in the landscape; thus, suitability of currently occupied landscapes could change markedly with future changes in landscape‐level hare densities and changing habitat associated with forest management. Where lynx conservation is a priority, we recommend that managers focus on creating and maintaining a minimum of 27% high‐quality hare habitat within 100‐km2areas to promote landscape‐scale hare densities >0.5 hares/ha. © The Wildlife Society, 2013
Thermal and structural characterization of biodegradable blends filled with halloysite nanotubes
Authors: Russo Pietro , Vetrano Barbara , Acierno Domenico , Mauro Marco
Published: January 2013

Fully biodegradable composites based on a commercial PHBV/PBAT blend with varying concentrations of neat or silanized clay nanotubes were prepared by twin‐screw extrusion and filmed by melt blowing process. Thermal analysis suggested the simultaneous occurrence for the PHBV phase of both homogeneous crystallization and heterogeneous nucleation promoted by the included fillers. These phenomena show effects of mutual entities depending on the quality of the filler–matrix interface and the applied cooling rate. On the contrary, for the PBAT phase, although the filler may alter kinetics and mechanisms of crystallizations, no effect is reported in terms of its degree of crystallinity. All these evidences have been supported by structural investigations. Moreover, X‐ray diffraction analysis indicated that the process of film blowing enables the formation of more perfect crystals and, as expected, favors the orientation of the included nanotubes of clay. POLYM. COMPOS., 34:1460–1470, 2013. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
Nickel silicide contacts formed by excimer laser annealing for high efficiency solar cells
Authors: Tous Loic , Lerat Jean‐Francois , Emeraud Thierry , Negru Razvan , Huet Karim , Uruena Angel , Aleman Monica , Meersschaut Johan , Bender Hugo , Russell Richard , John Joachim , Poortmans Jef , Mertens Robert
Published: January 2013

Driven by the relatively high cost of silver (Ag), interest has grown in the photovoltaic (PV) industry to substitute conventional screen printed (SP) Ag front contacts with copper (Cu) plated contacts. The approach chosen here applies selective laser ablation of the front anti‐reflection coating (ARC), then forming self‐aligned nickel silicides (NiSix) contacts, and thickening the lines by Cu plating to achieve the desired line conductivity. A successful implementation of this scheme requires annealing to form NiSix with low contact resistance. However, it has been shown that industrial shallow emitters can be damaged severely upon conventional annealing of nickel. In this paper, we show that by using large area excimer laser annealing (ELA), NiSix contacts can be formed on industrial shallow emitters without the associated junction degradation. On the basis of sheet resistance, transmission electron microscopy, and lifetime measurements, we demonstrate that NiSix formation by ELA can be achieved in narrow contact openings without damaging the passivation and reflectance properties of the neighboring ARC. In addition, the thresholds for NiSix formation for different Ni thicknesses are quantified by rigorous finite element simulations and compared with experimental data. Finally, high efficiency passivated emitter and rear cell type solar cells featuring a shallow 85 Ω/sq emitter have been processed on large area CZ–Si using laser ablation of the ARC and subsequent NiSix formation by ELA. These cells show an average efficiency gain of 0.4%abs compared with cells processed with reference SP contacts. In this work, the best performing cell with the ELA process reached 20.0% energy conversion efficiency. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural features of cholesteryl ester transfer protein: A molecular dynamics simulation study
Authors: Lei Dongsheng , Zhang Xing , Jiang Shengbo , Cai Zhaodi , Rames Matthew J. , Zhang Lei , Ren Gang , Zhang Shengli
Published: January 2013

Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) mediates the net transfer of cholesteryl esters (CEs) from atheroprotective high‐density lipoproteins (HDLs) to atherogenic low‐density lipoproteins (LDLs) or very‐low‐density lipoproteins (VLDLs). Inhibition of CETP raises HDL cholesterol (good cholesterol) levels and reduces LDL cholesterol (bad cholesterol) levels, making it a promising drug target for the prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease. Although the crystal structure of CETP has been determined, the molecular mechanism mediating CEs transfer is still unknown, even the structural features of CETP in a physiological environment remain elusive. We performed molecular dynamics simulations to explore the structural features of CETP in an aqueous solution. Results show that the distal portion flexibility of N‐terminal β‐barrel domain is considerably greater in solution than in crystal; conversely, the flexibility of helix X is slightly less. During the simulations the distal end of C‐terminal β‐barrel domain expanded while the hydrophilic surface increasing more than the hydrophobic surface. In addition, a new surface pore was generated in this domain. This surface pore and all cavities in CETP are stable. These results suggest that the formation of a continuous tunnel within CETP by connecting cavities is permitted in solution. Proteins 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enhanced magnetization and improved leakage in Er‐doped BiFeO3 nanoparticles
Authors: Zhou Hai‐Feng , Hou Zhi‐Ling , Kong Ling‐Bao , Jin Hai‐Bo , Cao Mao‐Sheng , Qi Xin
Published: January 2013

Pure and Er‐doped BiFeO3 nanoparticles were prepared using a sol–gel method. The remanent magnetization was found to increase with increasing Er concentration. Due to the cocontribution of both the ferromagnetic coupling between Er3+ and Fe3+ ions and the suppression of spatial spin structure of BiFeO3, Er substitution is a more effective approach of enhanced magnetization than the other rare‐earth (RE) element substitutions. The observed dielectric loss behavior in the doped sample indicated that the leakage current decreased due to the substitution with Er. The evidence of enhanced magnetization and improved leakage in Er‐doped BiFeO3 at room temperature makes it a good candidate for potential applications.
Postmodern‐oriented practices and patient‐focused research: possibilities and hazards
Authors: Sundet Rolf
Published: January 2013

In this article two streams of thought within family therapy, one representing a traditional research focus and the other postmodern oriented practices are brought together. A qualitative study is described that used standardised measures to monitor therapeutic practice and provide feedback on process and outcome to therapists. The opportunities and pitfalls concerning this approach are discussed and illustrated. The use of measures as conversational tools increases and expands opportunities for collaboration between children, parents and their therapists. However, in organisations these measures risk becoming tools of competition instead of conversation, which is helped when managers take responsibility for implementing and supporting a culture of feedback.
The Industry of Illegal Migration: Social Network Analysis of the Brazil‐US Migration System
Authors: Fazito Dimitri , Soares Weber
Published: January 2013

In this article, we analyse the process of migration by applying a social network methodology. Using the personal network approach, we focus on a case study of the Brazil‐US migration system to analyse the formation of the so‐called “industry of illegal migration”. We suggest that in migration systems, brokerage evolves not only because of historical and cultural changes, but also because the changes emerge within a structured environment in which brokerage can thrive, and this, in turn, causes the social networks to support and produce specialized actors (individuals and organizations) embedded in the “right positions” of the social structure in the migration process. In this particular case study, we suggest that brokerage seems to take place through gender‐oriented networks and the personal experience and structural power of returned migrants. These returned migrants usually have more varied social contacts and types of relationships from which they can obtain richer information about the migration system.
Parasitic plant litter input: a novel indirect mechanism influencing plant community structure
Authors: Fisher James P. , Phoenix Gareth K. , Childs Dylan Z. , Press Malcolm C. , Smith Stuart W. , Pilkington Michael G. , Cameron Duncan D.
Published: January 2013

Parasitic plants have major impacts on plant community structure through their direct negative influence on host productivity and competitive ability. However, the possibility that these parasites may also have indirect impacts on community structure (via the mechanism of nutrient‐rich litter input) while long hypothesized, has remained unsupported until now.

Using the hemiparasite Rhinanthus minor, we established experimental grassland mesocosms to quantify the impacts of Rhinanthus litter and parasitism across two soil fertility levels. We measured the biomass and tissue nutrient concentration of three functional groups within these communities to determine their physiological response to resource abstraction and litter input by the parasite.

We show that Rhinanthus alters the biomass and nutrient status of co‐occurring plants with contrasting effects on different functional groups via the mechanism of nutrient‐rich litter input. Critically, in the case of grass and total community biomass, this partially negates biomass reductions caused directly by parasitism.

This demonstrates that the influence of parasitic plant litter on plant community structure can be of equal importance to the much‐reported direct impacts of parasitism. We must consider both positive indirect (litter) and negative direct (parasitism) impacts of parasitic plants to understand their role in structuring plant communities.
A HYBRID SMOOTHED FINITE ELEMENT METHOD (H-SFEM) TO SOLID MECHANICS PROBLEMS
Authors: XU XU , GU YUANTONG , LIU GUIRONG
Published: January 2013

In this paper, a hybrid smoothed finite element method (H-SFEM) is developed for solid mechanics problems by combining techniques of finite element method (FEM) and node-based smoothed finite element method (NS-FEM) using a triangular mesh. A parameter α is equipped into H-SFEM, and the strain field is further assumed to be the weighted average between compatible stains from FEM and smoothed strains from NS-FEM. We prove theoretically that the strain energy obtained from the H-SFEM solution lies in between those from the compatible FEM solution and the NS-FEM solution, which guarantees the convergence of H-SFEM. Intensive numerical studies are conducted to verify these theoretical results and show that (1) the upper- and lower-bound solutions can always be obtained by adjusting α; (2) there exists a preferable α at which the H-SFEM can produce the ultrasonic accurate solution.
Maturation of Corpus Callosum Anterior Midbody Is Associated with Neonatal Motor Function in Eight Preterm-Born Infants
Authors: Mathew Preethi , Pannek Kerstin , Snow Pamela , D'Acunto M. Giulia , Guzzetta Andrea , Rose Stephen E. , Colditz Paul B. , Finnigan Simon
Published: January 2013

Background. The etiology of motor impairments in preterm infants is multifactorial and incompletely understood. Whether corpus callosum development is related to impaired motor function is unclear. Potential associations between motor-related measures and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of the corpus callosum in preterm infants were explored.Methods. Eight very preterm infants (gestational age of 28–32 weeks) underwent the Hammersmith neonatal neurological examination and DTI assessments at gestational age of 42 weeks. The total Hammersmith score and a motor-specific score (sum of Hammersmith motor subcategories) were calculated. Six corpus callosum regions of interest were defined on the mid-sagittal DTI slice—genu, rostral body, anterior midbody, posterior midbody, isthmus, and splenium. The fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) of these regions were computed, and correlations between these and Hammersmith measures were sought.Results. Anterior midbody FA measures correlated positively with total Hammersmith (rho=0.929,P=0.001) and motor-specific scores (rho=0.857,P=0.007). Total Hammersmith scores also negatively correlated with anterior midbody MD measures (rho=−0.714,P=0.047).Discussion. These results suggest the integrity of corpus callosum axons, particularly anterior midbody axons, is important in mediating neurological functions. Greater callosal maturation was associated with greater motor function. Corpus callosum DTI may prove to be a valuable screening or prognostic marker.
On the taxonomic status of Gegeneophis nadkarnii Bhatta & Prashanth, 2004 (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Indotyphlidae)
Authors: GOWER DAVID J. , GIRI VARAD , TORSEKAR VARUN R. , GAIKWAD KSHAMATA
Published: January 2013

Examination of type material and new collections from Goa, southern Maharashtra and northern Karnataka, leads to the conclusion that Gegeneophis nadkarnii Bhatta & Prashanth, 2004 is a subjective junior synonym of Gegeneophis danieli Giri, Wilkinson & Gower, 2003. The purported differences between these species are very minor and attributable to nor-mal individual variation, except for some features of the dentition that are peculiar to the exceptionally abnormal paratype of G. nadkarnii. This taxonomic revision extends the known geographic range of G. danieli and suggests it could be trans-ferred from Data Deficient to Least Concern status in the IUCN Red List.
Pempheris ufuagari sp. nov., a new species in the genus Pempheris (Perciformes, Pempheridae) from the oceanic islands of Japan
Authors: KOEDA KEITA , YOSHINO TETSUO , TACHIHARA KATSUNORI
Published: January 2013

Pempheris ufuagari sp. nov. is described based on 10 specimens, 143.9–196.8 mm in standard length, collected from Mi-nami Daito Island and Ogasawara Islands, which are oceanic islands of Japan. Pempheris ufuagari is characterized by a distinct black spot on the pectoral fin base, a bright yellow dorsal and caudal fin, and a blackish band on the outer margin of the anal fin. Pempheris oualensis also has a large body and a distinct black spot on the pectoral fin base, and forms mixed schools with P. ufuagari, but can be distinguished by the different fin coloration (dorsal and caudal fin brown or pale; no blackish band on anal fin margin), and the presence of a villiform tooth band extending outside the lips. Although P. otaitensis, which is found in French Polynesia and Samoa, has similar coloration as P. ufuagari, the latter has lower scale counts than those of the former species: pored lateral-line scales 62–71 (vs. 70–79); scale rows above lateral line 6 1/2–7 1/2 (vs. 8 1/2); predorsal scales 37–43 (vs. 44–48).
Phage lysin to control the overgrowth of normal flora in processed sputum samples for the rapid and sensitive detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by luciferase reporter phage assay
Authors: Subramanyam Balaji , Sivaramakrishnan Gomathi , Dusthackeer Azger , Kumar Vanaja
Published: January 2013

Background

Phage lysin, extracted from three bacteriophages was used in place of antibiotics to control the overgrowth of normal flora in processed sputum samples leading to the sensitive detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using diagnostic luciferase reporter phage assay (DLRPA).

Methods

A total of 129 sputum samples were processed by modified Petroff’s method. Two Lowenstein Jensen slopes were inoculated from the processed sputum deposit thus obtained. The remaining deposits were transferred to 7 ml of Middlebrook 7H9 complete medium supplemented with phage lysin and incubated at 37°C. DLRPA was done using phAE129 at days 7, 9, 14 and 21. At the end of day 21, the samples were centrifuged and the pellets were inoculated on to 2 more LJ slopes to validate DLRPA results.

Results

The sensitivity and specificity of DLRPA in detecting M. tuberculosis from sputum specimens was 90% and 81% respectively compared to conventional LJ culture. The agreement between the methods was 87%. The rate of contamination for DLRPA using phage lysin was 9.3%.

Conclusion

Phage lysin can be used to decontaminate sputum samples for the detection of M. tuberculosis by DLRPA directly from processed sputum specimens.
A experiência da Oficina Permanente de Educação Alimentar e em Saúde (OPEAS): formação de profissionais para a promoção da alimentação saudável nas escolas
Authors: Juzwiak Claudia Ridel , Castro Paula Morcelli de , Batista Sylvia Helena Souza da Silva
Published: January 2013

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar a experiência da Oficina Permanente de Educação Alimentar e em Saúde, um espaço de articulação dos profissionais envolvidos na promoção da alimentação saudável na escola. Em 2009, foram realizadas 10 oficinas com nutricionistas, diretores/assistentes de direção, coordenadores pedagógicos, professores e graduandos de nutrição, tendo como referências Paulo Freire e Pichon-Riviére. Os dados coletados foram analisados por meio da metodologia do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Ao iniciar a participação na OPEAS, a relação entre os profissionais era distante e poucas atividades interdisciplinares eram desenvolvidas. Apreendeu-se como centrais na promoção da alimentação saudável: comunicação entre a equipe escolar; realização do trabalho conjunto; envolvimento de toda a comunidade escolar; inclusão da educação alimentar e nutricional no currículo e oferta de alimento como a ferramenta central de educação nutricional. Na avaliação somativa, foram apreendidas quatro ideias centrais situando a OPEAS como: aquisição de conhecimento, espaço para reflexão, oportunidade de integração e ideias para a prática. Espaços de Educação Permanente devem ser construídos com os profissionais para apoiar e fomentar as ações de promoção da alimentação saudável na escola.
Prevalência de transtornos alimentares em trabalhadores urbanos de município do Nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Prisco Ana Paula Kalil , Araújo Tânia Maria de , Almeida Maura Maria Guimarães de , Santos Kionna Oliveira Bernardes
Published: January 2013

Este artigo tem por objetivo, estimar a prevalência de transtornos alimentares em trabalhadores residentes em área urbana de Feira de Santana, Bahia. Trata-se de estudo epidemiológico de corte transversal exploratório, incluindo 1.273 trabalhadores, aleatoriamente selecionados. Características sociodemográficas e do trabalho, hábitos de vida, aspectos psicossociais do trabalho e transtornos alimentares foram investigados. Foi predominante o sexo feminino (60,2%), os mais jovens (51,7% tinham até 35 anos), casados (53,1%), de cor parda (55,2%), com ensino médio (51,5%) e com baixa renda (81,2%). As prevalências de Transtorno da Compulsão Alimentar Periódica e Bulimia Nervosa foram, respectivamente, 4,3% e 1,0%. As prevalências foram mais elevadas entre os que apresentaram consumo abusivo de álcool, insatisfação com o peso, história de agressão na infância, problema financeiro/preocupações, pertenciam aos setores de serviços domésticos e comércio, os que tinham vínculo informal de trabalho e os que estavam no grupo de trabalho de alta exigência. Além de investigar a relação entre os transtornos alimentares e o trabalho, obteve-se dados sobre esses transtornos em estudo de base populacional. Espera-se que os achados obtidos possam fomentar políticas de saúde para os transtornos alimentares.
Open Hole Multi-Stage Completion System in Unconventional Plays: Efficiency, Effectiveness and Economics
Authors: Casero Alberto , Adefashe Hammed , Phelan Kevin
Published: January 2013

During the past decade, the combination of hydraulic fracturing and horizontal wells, has proven to be the key, to the unlocking of unconventional plays across North America and elsewhere. This efficiency has been accomplished by using two very distinct completion approaches: the Plug and Perf. method and the Open Hole Multi Stage (OHMS) completion system (typically ball activated fracturing ports).

The OHMS completion system has in general been applied to carefully selected fields and has not yet gained wider acceptance, across the industry, as a viable alternative to the more popular and extensively utilised Plug and Perf approach. This resistance to change and the reluctance to consider alternative completion approaches, are due to a number of factors, many of which reflect an operational comfort zone from which there is a hesitancy to stray. Often the disadvantages of the OHMS approach may be overemphasized, while the associated advantages are not suitably considered and vice versa for the Plug and Perf approach.

Case histories from a number of North American unconventional plays, for example the Red Oak, the Cotton Valley and the Granite Wash, will be both presented and analyzed. This analysis will focus on a number of aspects, including the hydraulic fracturing treatments, the operational efficiencies, the cost effectiveness and the overall risk reduction aspects of the OHMS vs. the Plug and Perf approaches.
Use of Global Sensitivity Analysis to Help Assess Unsaturated Soil Hydraulic Parameters
Authors: Younes A. , Mara T. A. , Fajraoui N. , Lehmann F. , Belfort B. , Beydoun H.
Published: January 2013

In this work, global sensitivity analysis (GSA) was used in conjunction with polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) to help assess unsaturated soil hydraulic parameters from experimental drainage data. The temporal sensitivity of different outputs (cumulative outflow, water content, and pressure head at different positions inside the column) to the Mualem–van Genuchten parameters was analyzed. In addition, the marginal effects of the parameters on the different outputs were analyzed across their entire uncertainty range. The results of the GSA revealed the necessary data set for a successful calibration of the hydraulic parameters. Parameter estimation was then performed in a Bayesian framework using a Markov chain Monte Carlo sampler with the PCEs instead of the discretized Richards' equation model. The obtained parameters were validated by comparing the whole set of measurements to the results of the calibrated numerical model.
Land Use Impact on Microbial and Biochemical Indicators in Agroecosystems of the Brazilian Cerrado
Authors: Vinhal-Freitas Isabel Cristina , Ferreira Adão Siqueira , Corrêa Gilberto Fernandes , Wendling Beno
Published: January 2013

Microbial and biochemical properties are of great importance in soil quality evaluation. In Brazil, and especially in the cerrado (Brazilian savanna), benchmarking studies are needed to assess the impacts of land use on microbial and biochemical indicators. This study aimed to compare the impacts of land use on the microbial, chemical, and biochemical properties of the soil under Cerrado (CE), 32‐yr‐old pine forest (PF) and 11‐yr‐old no‐till (NT). Soil samples were collected at a depth of 0 to 10 cm in January, June, and December of 2008 and were evaluated based on chemical properties, basal respiration, soil organic carbon (SOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and enzymes (β‐glucosidase, dehydrogenase and acid, neutral, and alkaline phosphatases). Comparative analysis of respiratory activity and MBC showed that the NT system had a positive effect and PF a negative one relative to the reference CE. NT soil management practices improve quality mainly by benefiting chemical characteristics (C and N), increasing MBC, and increasing microbial activity relative to CE and PF. Soil enzymatic activity (dehydrogenase, β‐glucosidase and phosphatase) was lower in PF and higher in NT than in CE. Principal component analysis showed that indicator variability, regarding soil sampling period, was higher in NT than in either PF or CE. In conclusion, we recommend β‐glucosidase and MBC as indicators of the impacts of land use practices.
Semigroup actions on ordered groupoids
Authors: Kehayopulu Niovi , Tsingelis Michael
Published: January 2013

In this paper we prove that if S is a commutative semigroup acting on an ordered groupoid G, then there exists a commutative semigroup S̃ acting on the ordered groupoid G̃:=(G × S)/ρ̄ in such a way that G is embedded in G̃. Moreover, we prove that if a commutative semigroup S acts on an ordered groupoid G, and a commutative semigroup S̄ acts on an ordered groupoid Ḡ in such a way that G is embedded in S̄, then the ordered groupoid G̃ can be also embedded in Ḡ. We denote by ρ̄ the equivalence relation on G × S which is the intersection of the quasi-order ρ (on G × S) and its inverse ρ
−1.
The sum of two S-units being a perfect power in global function fields
Authors: Gaál István , Pohst Michael
Published: January 2013

Let x
1 and x
2 be integers divisible only by some fixed primes. Is it possible that x
1+x
2 is a perfect power? Special cases of the equation x
1+x
2 = y
k were formerly considered over ℤ. In this paper we develop an algorithm to solve this equation over global algebraic function fields. Our method is illustrated by two explicit examples.
A Construction of mixed Poisson processes via disintegrations
Authors: Lyberopoulos Demetrios , Macheras Nikolaos
Published: January 2013

A new construction of mixed Poisson processes with prescribed distributions for their claim interarrival times is given. As a consequence, some concrete examples of constructing such processes useful for applications are presented and the corresponding disintegrating and claim measures are computed.
Identification and Dynamic Regulation of microRNAs Involved in Salt Stress Responses in Functional Soybean Nodules by High-Throughput Sequencing
Authors: Dong Zhanghui , Shi Lei , Wang Yanwei , Chen Liang , Cai Zhaoming , Wang Youning , Jin Jingbo , Li Xia
Published: January 2013

Both symbiosis between legumes and rhizobia and nitrogen fixation in functional nodules are dramatically affected by salt stress. Better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate the salt tolerance of functional nodules is essential for genetic improvement of nitrogen fixation efficiency. microRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in stress responses in many plants and in symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) in soybean. However, the dynamic regulation of miRNAs in functioning nodules during salt stress response remains unknown. We performed deep sequencing of miRNAs to understand the miRNA expression profile in normal or salt stressed-soybean mature nodules. We identified 110 known miRNAs belonging to 61 miRNA families and 128 novel miRNAs belonging to 64 miRNA families. Among them, 104 miRNAs were dramatically differentially expressed (>2-fold or detected only in one library) during salt stress. qRT-PCR analysis of eight miRNAs confirmed that these miRNAs were dynamically regulated in response to salt stress in functional soybean nodules. These data significantly increase the number of miRNAs known to be expressed in soybean nodules, and revealed for the first time a dynamic regulation of miRNAs during salt stress in functional nodules. The findings suggest great potential for miRNAs in functional soybean nodules during salt stress.
Analysis of MTHFR and MTRR Gene Polymorphisms in Iranian Ventricular Septal Defect Subjects
Authors: Pishva Seyyed , Vasudevan Ramachandran , Etemad Ali , Heidari Farzad , Komara Makanko , Ismail Patimah , Othman Fauziah , Karimi Abdollah , Sabri Mohammad
Published: January 2013

Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is one of the most common types of congenital heart defects (CHD). There are vivid multifactorial causes for VSD in which both genetic and environmental risk factors are consequential in the development of CHD. Methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) are two of the key regulatory enzymes involved in the metabolic pathway of homocysteine. Genes involved in homocysteine/folate metabolism may play an important role in CHDs. In this study; we determined the association of A66G and C524T polymorphisms of the MTRR gene and C677T polymorphism of the MTHFR gene in Iranian VSD subjects. A total of 123 children with VSDs and 125 healthy children were included in this study. Genomic DNA was extracted from the buccal cells of all the subjects. The restriction fragment length polymorphism polymerase chain reaction (PCR-RFLP) method was carried out to amplify the A66G and C524T polymorphism of MTRR and C677T polymorphism of MTHFR genes digested with Hinf1, Xho1 and Nde1 enzymes, respectively. The genotype frequencies of CC, CT and TT of MTRR gene among the studied cases were 43.1%, 40.7% and 16.3%, respectively, compared to 52.8%, 43.2% and 4.0%, respectively among the controls. For the MTRR A66G gene polymorphism, the genotypes frequencies of AA, AG and GG among the cases were 33.3%, 43.9% and 22.8%, respectively, while the frequencies were 49.6%, 42.4% and 8.0%, respectively, among control subjects. The frequencies for CC and CT genotypes of the MTHFR gene were 51.2% and 48.8%, respectively, in VSD patients compared to 56.8% and 43.2% respectively, in control subjects. Apart from MTHFR C677T polymorphism, significant differences were noticed (p < 0.05) in C524T and A66G polymorphisms of the MTRR gene between cases and control subjects.
Fatty liver disease as a predictor of local recurrence following resection of colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Hamady Z Z R , Rees M , Welsh F K , Toogood G J , Prasad K R , John T K , Lodge J P A
Published: January 2013

Background

Obesity and tissue adiposity constitute a risk factor for several cancers. Whether tissue adiposity increases the risk of cancer recurrence after curative resection is not clear. The present study analysed the influence of hepatic steatosis on recurrence following resection of colorectal liver metastases.

Methods

A prospective cohort of patients who had primary resection of colorectal liver metastases in two major hepatobiliary units between 1987 and 2010 was studied. Hepatic steatosis was assessed in non-cancerous resected liver tissue. Patients were divided into two groups based on the presence of hepatic steatosis. The association between hepatic steatosis and local recurrence was analysed, adjusting for relevant patient, pathological and surgical factors using Cox regression and propensity score case-match analysis.

Results

A total of 2715 patients were included. The cumulative local (liver) disease-free survival rate was significantly better in the group without steatosis (hazard ratio (HR) 1·32, 95 per cent confidence interval 1·16 to 1·51; P < 0·001). On multivariable analysis, hepatic steatosis was an independent risk factor for local liver recurrence (HR 1·28, 1·11 to 1·47; P = 0·005). After one-to-one matching of cases (steatotic, 902) with controls (non-steatotic, 902), local (liver) disease-free survival remained significantly better in the group without steatosis (HR 1·27, 1·09 to 1·48; P = 0·002). Patients with steatosis had a greater risk of developing postoperative liver failure (P = 0·001).

Conclusion

Hepatic steatosis was an independent predictor of local hepatic recurrence following resection with curative intent of colorectal liver metastases.
Novel Concise Synthesis of (−)‐Clausenamide
Authors: Liu Di , Yu Xiaoming , Huang Liang
Published: January 2013

A six‐step synthesis of (−)‐clausenamide is described. Optically pure (R,E)‐1,3‐diphenylallylic alcohol was acetylated and then subjected to an Ireland‐Claisen rearrangement, giving the γ,δ‐unsaturated acid, which underwent a substrate‐induced stereoselective bromolactonization to afford the expected all‐equatorial substituted bromo‐δ‐lactone. An unusual chemo‐selective aminolysis of the lactone resulted in the formation of a γ,δ‐epoxy‐amide in stereospecific manner. Base‐promoted cyclization of this intermediate and the subsequent Davis oxidation furnished the synthesis, delivering the final product in >99% ee and up to 34% overall yield.
White matter integrity is reduced in bulimia nervosa
Authors: Mettler Lisa N. , Shott Megan E. , Pryor Tamara , Yang Tony T. , Frank Guido K.W.
Published: January 2013

Objective:

To investigate brain white matter (WM) functionality in bulimia nervosa (BN) in relation to anxiety.

Method:

Twenty‐one control women (CW, mean age 27 ± 7 years) and 20 BN women (mean age 25 ± 5 years) underwent brain diffusion tensor imaging to measure fractional anisotropy (FA; an indication of WM axon integrity) and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC; reflecting WM cell damage).

Results:

FA was decreased in BN in the bilateral corona radiata extending into the posterior limb of the internal capsule, the corpus callosum, the right sub‐insular WM, and right fornix. In CW but not BN, trait anxiety correlated negatively with fornix, corpus callosum, and left corona radiata FA. ADC was increased in BN compared with CW in the bilateral corona radiata, corpus callosum, inferior fronto‐occipital, and uncinate fasciculus. Alterations in BN WM functionality were not due to structural brain alterations.

Discussion:

WM integrity is disturbed in BN, especially in the corona radiata, which has been associated with taste and brain reward processing. Whether this is a premorbid condition or an effect from the illness is yet uncertain. The relationships between WM FA and trait anxiety in CW but not BN may suggest that altered WM functionality contributes to high anxious traits in BN. © 2013 by Wiley Periodicals,Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2013)
Determination of urinary 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine by a combination of on‐line molecularly imprinted monolithic solid phase microextraction with high performance liquid chromatography–ultraviolet detection
Authors: Zhang Shaowen , Sun Xueping , Wang Wanhui , Cai Lingshuang
Published: January 2013

8‐Hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG) is a sensitive biomarker for DNA oxidative damage. However, its determination in human urine is confounded by trace level and complex matrix. In this study, a new configuration of on‐line solid phase microextraction coupled to high performance liquid chromatography‐ultraviolet detection was established with molecularly imprinted monolithic column as extraction sorbent. The tailor made monolith exhibited high extraction efficiency with the enrichment factor 101.84 for 8‐OHdG owing to its special porous structure and inherent selectivity. Under optimal condition, appreciable sensitivity had been achieved for this incorporation with limit of detection 2.04 nmol/L (S/N = 3) and limit of quantification 7.12 nmol/L (S/N = 10), respectively. Precise determination with wide range linearity (0.007–5.00 μmol/L) afforded a practical alternative in urinary 8‐OHdG analysis and 107 different subjects had been successfully analyzed. This newly developed method embodied useful prospect for the investigation of DNA oxidative damage with less expense, convenient maintenance and ease of operation
Value Enhancement through Value‐creating Relational Investments in Inter‐firm Relationships: The Moderating Role of Leverage Potential and Relational Polygamy
Authors: Yaqub Muhammad Zafar
Published: January 2013

This study integrates and extends insights from transaction cost economics, value‐exchange model, relationship quality model and dependence perspective to discuss the efficacy of value‐creating relational investments in affecting certain revenue‐enhancing (relational) behaviours in different contexts of supplier–intermediate buyer dyadic relationships. Specifically, it extends the literature by examining the moderating role of leverage potential and the extent of relational polygamy. On the basis of a data set of 284 dyadic relationships, it has been found that value‐creating relational investments made by the focal suppliers in their (intermediate) buyers enhance relationship quality, which ultimately translates into an enhancement of revenues of the focal supplier firm(s) because the (intermediate) buyers exhibit certain revenue‐enhancing behaviours such as prolonging their relationships, increasing their business share and generating positive word‐of‐mouth about the focal supplier(s). It has also been found that the effect of value‐creating relational investments is partially mediated through the relationship quality. In addition, tests of moderating effects reveal that efficacy of the value‐creating relational investments varies across different levels of leverage potential and/or the extent of relational polygamy exhibited by the intermediate buyers in their respective supplier portfolios. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pulmonary valve cyst mimicking pulmonary artery neoplasia: a case report
Authors: Lyen Stephen , Parry Andrew , Moldovan Corina , Hamilton Mark
Published: January 2013

Cardiac valve cysts are rare beyond infancy. The tricuspid and mitral valve are the most common sites, with few reported cases of pulmonary valve cysts in the literature. This case illustrates a pulmonary valve cyst mimicking a tumour in a child 13 years after cardiac surgery. Although these lesions are extremely rare, they could be considered in the differential diagnosis in patients presenting with valvular mass lesions.
Emotional Regulation Impairments Following Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: An Investigation of the Body and Facial Feedback Effects
Authors: Dethier Marie , Blairy Sylvie , Rosenberg Hannah , McDonald Skye
Published: January 2013

The object of this study was to evaluate the combined effect of body and facial feedback in adults who had suffered from a severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) to gain some understanding of their difficulties in the regulation of negative emotions. Twenty-four participants with TBI and 28 control participants adopted facial expressions and body postures according to specific instructions and maintained these positions for 10 s. Expressions and postures entailed anger, sadness, and happiness as well as a neutral (baseline) condition. After each expression/posture manipulation, participants evaluated their subjective emotional state (including cheerfulness, sadness, and irritation). TBI participants were globally less responsive to the effects of body and facial feedback than control participants, F(1,50) = 5.89, p = .02, η2 = .11. More interestingly, the TBI group differed from the Control group across emotions, F(8,400) = 2.51, p = .01, η2 = .05. Specifically, participants with TBI were responsive to happy but not to negative expression/posture manipulations whereas control participants were responsive to happy, angry, and sad expression/posture manipulations. In conclusion, TBI appears to impair the ability to recognize both the physical configuration of a negative emotion and its associated subjective feeling. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–13)
Nostalgia and lost identity
Authors: Pourtova Elena
Published: January 2013

Nostalgia for the Soviet Union is a major social phenomenon in Russia today due to the irrevocable losses of the recent past in which Soviet citizens involuntarily became immigrants in their own country. With reference to discussions of nostalgia in philosophical and psychoanalytic literature, I suggest that nostalgia may represent either a defensive regression to the past or a progressive striving for wholeness through re‐connecting with what has been lost in the service of a greater integration. I compare this with the processes of adaptation seen in immigrants and provide a clinical illustration of a young man coming to terms with loss and change in the post‐Soviet era. When nostalgia is recognized as a legitimate emotional experience it may facilitate mourning and enable the integration of the past with the present and the development of a new identity.
Skeneimorph gastropods in Neomphalina and Vetigastropoda — A preliminary
Authors: KUNZE THOMAS , HEß MARTIN , BECK FRIEDERIKE , HASZPRUNAR GERHARD
Published: January 2013

Until recently the systematics of the Skeneidae (type species Skenea serpuloides Montagu, 1808) has been solely based on shell characters, radula details and external morphology. However, methodological progress (e.g. SEM) and preliminary anatomical data suggest that this vetigastropod group represents a polyphyletic, “skeneimorph” assemblage. Serial semithin sectioning combined with computer-aided 3D-reconstruction permits the detailed anatomical investigation of such small (1–3 mm), helicoid gastropods.  The taxa for which micro-anatomical data are available include six skeneimorph species from six genera: (1) True Skeneidae, exemplifi ed by the type species, Skenea serpuloides (Montagu, 1808), doubtlessly belongs to Vetigastropoda and probably rests within the Trochoidea/Turbinoidea. Apomorphies of Skenea and related genera include a penis formed by the right propodium. (2) Bathyxylophila excelsa Marshall, 1988, Ventsia tricarinata Warén & Bouchet, 1993 and an undetermined “skeneimorph vetigastropod” have papillate cephalic and epipodial tentacles, a single monopectinate ctenidium with skeletal rods and bursicles, a papillary left and a right excretory organ, and statocysts with several statoconia. All these characters are indicative for a position of these species inside Vetigastropoda. Distinct appearance of epipodial tentacles and the lack of a combined epipodial sense organ argue against an inclusion into Trochoidea/Turbinoidea and thus Skeneidae s.s. (being defi ned by the characteristics of Skenea serpuloides). At present, these species cannot be classifi ed in any known vetigastropod subclade. (3) Leptogyra constricta Marshall, 1988 and Leptogyropsis kalinovoae Marshall, 1988 both are characterized by smooth cephalic and epipodial tentacles, a single, left excretory organ and statocysts with one statolith. These anatomical data strongly suggest a systematic position in the likewise rhipidoglossate Neomphalina, which might be considered as an independent rhipidoglossate clade outside the Vetigastropoda.  Although we are still at the very beginning in our investigation of skeneimorph anatomies, it is clear that this polyphyletic assemblage needs to receive much more attention for a complete understanding of vetigastropod and neomphalinan phylogeny.
Qualitative systematic reviews of treatment burden in stroke, heart failure and diabetes - Methodological challenges and solutions
Authors: Gallacher Katie , Jani Bhautesh , Morrison Deborah , Macdonald Sara , Blane David , Erwin Patricia , May Carl R , Montori Victor M , Eton David T , Smith Fiona , Batty David G , Mair Frances S
Published: January 2013

Background

Treatment burden can be defined as the self-care practices that patients with chronic illness must perform to respond to the requirements of their healthcare providers, as well as the impact that these practices have on patient functioning and well being. Increasing levels of treatment burden may lead to suboptimal adherence and negative outcomes. Systematic review of the qualitative literature is a useful method for exploring the patient experience of care, in this case the experience of treatment burden. There is no consensus on methods for qualitative systematic review. This paper describes the methodology used for qualitative systematic reviews of the treatment burdens identified in three different common chronic conditions, using stroke as our exemplar.

Methods

Qualitative studies in peer reviewed journals seeking to understand the patient experience of stroke management were sought. Limitations of English language and year of publication 2000 onwards were set. An exhaustive search strategy was employed, consisting of a scoping search, database searches (Scopus, CINAHL, Embase, Medline & PsycINFO) and reference, footnote and citation searching. Papers were screened, data extracted, quality appraised and analysed by two individuals, with a third party for disagreements. Data analysis was carried out using a coding framework underpinned by Normalization Process Theory (NPT).

Results

A total of 4364 papers were identified, 54 were included in the review. Of these, 51 (94%) were retrieved from our database search. Methodological issues included: creating an appropriate search strategy; investigating a topic not previously conceptualised; sorting through irrelevant data within papers; the quality appraisal of qualitative research; and the use of NPT as a novel method of data analysis, shown to be a useful method for the purposes of this review.

Conclusion

The creation of our search strategy may be of particular interest to other researchers carrying out synthesis of qualitative studies. Importantly, the successful use of NPT to inform a coding frame for data analysis involving qualitative data that describes processes relating to self management highlights the potential of a new method for analyses of qualitative data within systematic reviews.
Redes interorganizacionais horizontais vistas como sistemas adaptativos complexos coevolutivos: o caso de uma rede de supermercados
Authors: Oliveira Aline Lourenço de , Rezende Daniel Carvalho de , Carvalho Cleber Castro de
Published: January 2013

Este trabalho busca compreender o fenômeno de surgimento e desenvolvimento das Redes Interorganizacionais Horizontais (RIHs). Para tanto, são utilizados os preceitos de sistemas adaptativos complexos (SACs) e da coevolução, ambas as abordagens são fundamentadas na Teoria da Complexidade. O objetivo do estudo é identificar características básicas de um sistema adaptativo complexo, presentes em uma rede interorganizacional horizontal de supermercados do sul de Minas Gerais. Realizou-se um estudo de caso qualitativo em uma rede decompras, denominada nesse estudo de Ômega Rede. Verificou-se que esta rede é um sistema formado pelo processo coevolutivo de seus agentes, cujo objetivo básico é de favorecer a sua competitividade. Este propósito tem ocorrido pelo aumento da eficácia operacional dos agentes e pelo aprendizado, o que resulta em inovaçõescoletivas e individuais. Os resultados também apontam a presença de elementos de auto-organização na Ômega Rede. As considerações da pesquisa possuem implicações na compreensão da competitividade no âmbito das redes, e da importância do aprendizado e das inovações no seu desenvolvimento. O trabalho também abre espaço para novos estudos das redes como formas organizacionais evolutivas.