bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Large Evaporite Provinces: Geothermal rather than Solar Origin?
Authors: Qin Zhanjie , Tang Chunan , Zhang Xiying , Chen Tiantian , Liu Xiangjun , Li Yongshou , Chen Zhen , Jiang Lianting
Published: September 2020

Large evaporite provinces (LEPs) represent prodigious volumes of evaporites widely developed from the Sinian to Neogene. The reasons why they often quickly develop on a large scale with large areas and thicknesses remain enigmatic. Possible causes range from warming from above to heating from below. The fact that the salt deposits in most salt-bearing basins occur mainly in the Sinian-Cambrian, Permian-Triassic, Jurassic-Cretaceous, and Miocene intervals favours a dominantly tectonic origin rather than a solar driving mechanism. Here, we analysed the spatio-temporal distribution of evaporites based on 138 evaporitic basins and found that throughout the Phanerozoiceon, LEPs occurred across the Earth’s surface in most salt-bearing basins, especially in areas with an evolutionary history of strong tectonic activity. The masses of evaporites, rates of evaporite formation, tectonic movements, and large igneous provinces (LIPs) synergistically developed in the Sinian-Cambrian, Permian, Jurassic-Cretaceous, and Miocene intervals, which are considered to be four of the warmest times since the Sinian. We realize that salt accumulation can proceed without solar energy and can generally be linked to geothermal changes in tectonically active zones. When climatic factors are involved, they may be manifestations of the thermal influence of the crust on the surface.
LRP1-mediated pH-sensitive Polymersomes Facilitate Combination Therapy of Glioblastoma in Vitro and in Vivo
Authors: He Chen , Zhang Zhiyuan , Ding Yinan , Xue Kangli , Wang Xihui , Yang Rui , An Yanli , Liu Dongfang , Hu Chunmei , Tang Qiusha
Published: September 2020

Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most invasive primary intracranial tumor, and its effective treatment is one of the most daunting challenges in oncology. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is the main obstacle that prevents the delivery of potentially active therapeutic compounds. In this study, a new type of pH-sensitive polymersomes has been designed for glioblastoma therapy to achieve a combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy for U87-MG human glioblastoma xenografts in nude mice and signiﬁcantly increased survival time.Results: The Au-DOX@PO-ANG has a good ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and target tumors. This delivery system has pH-sensitivity and the ability to respond to the tumor microenvironment. Gold nanoparticles and doxorubicin are designed as a complex drug. This type of complex drug improve the radiotherapy (RT) effect of glioblastoma. The mice treated with Au-DOX@PO-ANG NPs have a significant reduction in tumor volume.Conclusion: In summary, a new pH-sensitive drug delivery system was fabricated for the treatment of glioblastoma. The new BBB-traversing drug delivery system potentially represents a novel approach to improve the effects of the treatment of intracranial tumors and provides hope for glioblastoma treatment.
Brachial-Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity is Associated With the Risk of Osteoporosis: A Cross-Sectional Evidence From A Chinese Community-Based Cohort
Authors: Tang Kun , Zhang Qiao , Peng Nianchun , Hu Ying , Xu Shujing , Zhang Miao , Wang Rui , Shi Lixin
Published: September 2020

Background: Association of arterial stiffness and osteoporosis has been investigated in Chinese population. However, the relationship between arterial stiffness and osteoporosis by measuring brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and the Osteoporosis Self‐assessment Tool for Asia (OSTA) index is not established. The object of this study was to evaluate possible associations between baPWV and the risk of osteoporosis and bone fracture among a population of Chinese. Whether baPWV can be used as a predictor of osteoporosis on OSTA was further assessed. Methods: This study was cross-sectional in design. Of 3,984 adults aged 40 years and older in the Yunyan district of Guiyang (Guizhou, China) who underwent both OSTA and baPWV measurements within one month , 1,407 were deemed eligible for inclusion (women: 1,088, men: 319) . Results: The mean baPWV was 1,475 ± 302 cm/s (range,766-3,459cm/s). baPWV in 110 individuals with high risk of osteoporosis (OSTA index < -4) was higher than that of individuals with non-high risk (1,733 ± 461 cm/s versus 1,447 ± 304 cm/s, P<0.001). OSTA index was negatively correlated with baPWV（ρ = -0.296，P < 0.001）after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, waist circumference, diastolic blood pressure and creatinine clearance rate. baPWV was an independent predictor for the presence of high risk of osteoporosis (β = -0.001, P < 0.001) and the optimal baPWV cut-off value for predicting the presence of high risk of osteoporosis and fracture was 1,693 cm/s. The AUC was 0.722 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.667‐0.777; P < 0.001). Conclusions: We conclude that arterial stiffness measured by baPWV is well correlated with the severity of osteoporosis evaluated by OSTA. baPWV index may be a valuable tool for identifying individuals with risk of developing osteoporosis.
Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes and Signaling Pathways Related to Ovarian Endometriosis by Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Lin Kainan , Pan Zhenyan , He Renke , Wang Hanchu , Zhou Kai , Mu Liangshan
Published: September 2020

Purpose: Endometriosis was a common gynecological disease, however, the specific mechanism and the key molecules of endometriosis remained uncertain. This study aimed to single out key genes associated with poor prognosis, and further uncover underlying mechanisms.Methods: Data regarding mRNA expression profiles used in this study were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, a total of three mRNA expression profiles were included for subsequent analysis (GSE31515, GSE58178 and GSE120103). Then, we conducted Gene Ontology analysis (GO analysis), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis by the software R.Results: A total of 304 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between endometriosis tissues and normal endometrium tissues were identified in integrated analysis, including 185 up-regulated genes and 119 down-regulated genes. GO analysis reveals that the DEGs of endometriosis were closely associated with molecular origin of bacteria. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis indicates that the DEGs were mainly involved in AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications. In addition, PPI of these DEGs was visualized by Cytoscape platform with utilization of Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING). PPI analysis identifies 10 potential DEGs-related protein targets, including CCND1, IL6, CCL2, COL1A2, PTGS2, VCAM1, COL3A1, ELN, SERPINE1, HSP90B1. Conclusion: In conclusion, the present study reveals that bacterial contamination, defect of female reproductive system development, retrograde menstruation and the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway may be involved in the development of endometriosis In addition, these identified DEGs may be of clinical significance for the diagnosis and treatment of the endometriosis.
The Reliability and Validity of the Japanese Version of the Daily Record of Severity of Problems (J-DRSP) and Development of a Short-Form Version (J-DRSP(SF)) to Assess Symptoms of Premenstrual Syndrome Among Japanese Women
Authors: Ikeda Yumie , Egawa Miho , Okamoto Kazuya , Mandai Masaki , Takahashi Yoshimitsu , Nakayama Takeo
Published: September 2020

Purpose
To assess the validity and reliability of the Japanese version of the Daily Record of Severity of Problems (J-DRSP, 24 items) for evaluating symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), and to develop a short form version of the J-DRSP.
Methods
Using the “DRSP-JAPAN” smartphone app, we collected daily J-DRSP records from 7 days before to 10 days after each participant’s menstruation onset date. Factorial validity (exploratory factor analysis: EFA, confirmatory factor analysis: CFA) and criterion validity were examined. We evaluated test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation: ICC) and obtained Cronbach's alpha coefficients. The short-form version of the J-DRSP was developed using classical test theory.
Results
In total, 304 women participated and 243 recorded symptoms on at least 4 days spanning the week of the luteal phase (CD-6 to CD0) and 4 days spanning the week of the follicular phase (CD4 to CD10), with CD1 representing the menstruation onset date. With CD0 set as one day before menstruation onset date, the EFA revealed a two-factor structure. KMO was 0.992, and Bartlett's test of sphericity chi-square was 3653.89 (P < 0.001). However, the model fitness of CFA was found to be suboptimal (CFI: 0.83, RMSEA: 0.12). Total scores for J-DRSP and the sum scores for each subscale were higher on CD10 than on CD0 (p < 0.001), suggesting validity for some criteria. ICC values for the total J-DRSP score from CD0 to CD-1, and between CD9 to CD-10, were 0.60 (95% CI: 0.48–0.72) and 0.76 (95% CI: 0.69–0.82), respectively. For participants reporting significant interference in their daily life one day out of CD-1 and CD0 or CD9 and CD10, ICCs were 0.79 (0.68–0.86) among 76 participants and 0.88 (0.76–0.84) among 30 participants. Having eliminated some original items after considering factor loading for each item, we developed an 8-item Short-Form J-DRSP (J-DRSP(SF)) comprising 2 factors (S-Psychological and S-Physical, 4 items for each). CFA showed a better model fit (CFI: 0.99, RMSEA: 0.048) with significantly higher scores for the J-DRSP(SF), S-Psychological, and S-Physical in the luteal phase than in the follicular phase (p < 0.001). Cronbach's alphas for the J-DRSP(SF), S-Psychological, and S-Physical were 0.89, 0.89, and 0.80, respectively. ICC values for the J-DRSP(SF) in the luteal and follicular phases were 0.61 (95%CI: 0.51–0.68) and 0.70 (95%CI: 0.62–0.77), respectively.
Conclusion
The J-DRSP has moderate to good reliability and certain level of validity. The J-DRSP(SF) has a two-factor structure and can be used effectively among Japanese women to assess their PMS symptoms.
SAT-Attack Resistant Hardware Obfuscation using Camouflaged Two-Dimensional Heterostructure Devices
Authors: Wali Akshay , Arnold Andrew , Kundu Shamik , Choudhury Soumyadeep , Basu Kanad , Das Saptarshi
Published: September 2020

Reverse engineering (RE) is one of the major security threats to the semiconductor industry due to the involvement of untrustworthy parties in an increasingly globalized chip manufacturing supply chain [1-5]. RE efforts have already been successful in extracting device level functionalities from an integrated circuit (IC) with very limited resources [6]. Camouflaging is an obfuscation method that can thwart such RE [7-9]. Existing work on IC camouflaging primarily uses fabrication techniques such as doping and dummy contacts to hide the circuit structure or build cells that look alike but have different functionalities. While promising these Si complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) based obfuscation techniques adds significant area overhead and are successfully decamouflaged by the Satisfiability solver (SAT)-based reverse engineering techniques [9-13]. Emerging solutions, such as polymorphic gates based on giant spin Hall effect (GSHE) are promising but adds delay overhead in hybrid CMOS-GSHE designs restricting the camouflaging to a maximum of 15% of all the gates in the circuit. Here, we harness the unique properties of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) including MoS2, MoSe2, MoTe2, WS2, and WSe2 and their optically transparent transition metal oxides (TMOs) to demonstrate novel area efficient camouflaging solutions that are resilient to SAT-attack and automatic test pattern generation (ATPG) attacks. We show that resistors with resistance values differing by 8 orders of magnitude, diodes with variable turn-on voltages and reverse saturation currents, and field effect transistors (FETs) with adjustable conduction type, threshold voltages and switching characteristics can be optically camouflaged to look exactly similar by engineering TMO/TMD heterostructures allowing hardware obfuscation of both digital and analog circuits. Since this 2D heterostructure devices family is intrinsically camouflaged, NAND/NOR/AND/OR gates in the circuit can be obfuscated with significantly less area overhead allowing 100% logic obfuscation compared to only 5% for CMOS-based camouflaging. Finally, we demonstrate that the largest benchmarking circuit from ISCAS’85, comprised of more than 4000 logic gates when obfuscated with the CMOS-based technique are successfully decamouflaged by SAT-attack in less than 40 minutes; whereas, it renders to be invulnerable even in more than 10 hours, when camouflaged with 2D heterostructure devices thereby corroborating our hypothesis of high resilience against RE. Our approach of connecting unique material properties to innovative devices to secure circuits can be considered as one of its kind demonstrations, highlighting the benefits of cross-layer optimization.
A randomized controlled trial comparing peginterferon-α-2a versus observation after stopping tyrosine kinase inhibitor in chronic myeloid leukemia patients with deep molecular response for at least two years
Authors: Kuan Jew Win , Chang Kian Meng , Phan Chin Lee , Wong Shu Ping , Lim Soo Min , Toh See Guan , Loh Weng Khean , Begum Habiba Nazeera , Hon Siong Heng , Ng Si Yuan , Chiang Su Kien , Chai Alvin Jung Mau , Yong Kar Ying , Teo Hock Gin , Tang Andy Sing Ong , Wilfred Gilbert , Guan Yong Khee , Wong Lily Lee Lee , Ko Ching Tiong
Published: September 2020

BackgroundInterferon (IFN) is a logical possibility to increase treatment free remission (TFR) rate in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). We conducted the first randomized controlled trial comparing the use of pegIFN versus observation in CML patients attempting TFR.MethodsAdult CML patients with stable deep molecular response for ≥ 2 years with ≥ 2 readings of MR4.5 were randomized into two arms -- subcutaneous pegIFN-α-2a starting at 180 µg weekly for a year, followed by observation, or observation.ResultsA total of 30 patients were recruited (pegIFN n = 15, observation n = 15). Median follow-up was 38.1 months (range 15.9–49.4) and 23.8 (1.5–51.0) in pegIFN and observation arm, respectively. A total of 11 patients relapsed (pegIFN n = 4, observation n = 7). The median time of relapse was 13.1 months (range 9.2 to 25.5) and 4.4 (1.2 to 13.6) in pegIFN and observation arm, respectively. Only 8 out of 15 (53%) patients completed 52 doses of pegIFN with mean dose of 43 out of 52 doses (range 20 to 52). Dose of tolerable pegIFN was age dependent.ConclusionPegIFN is a potential consolidative therapy to increase TFR.Trial registration:(1) Malaysia National Medical Research Register (NMRR): NMRR-13-1186-15491. Approved 23rd September 2014, https://www.nmrr.gov.my/fwbLoginPage.jsp(2) ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02381379. Registered on 24th Feb 2015, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?cond=&term=NCT02381379&cntry=&state=&city=&dist=
A Mid- to Long-Term Results of The Avascular Fibular Grafting in ONFH With 6 to 8-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Yuan Peng , Du Bin , Liu Xin , Sun Guang-Quan , Lin Xuan-Ye , Wang Xu
Published: September 2020

Background: Free vascularized fibular grafting was reported a favorable method to prevent the collapse of the femoral head. Nevertheless, this operation is traumatic and expensive. This study analyzed the long-term outcomes of avascular fibular grafting for osteonecrosis of the femoral head(ONFH) with 6 to 8 year follow-up.Methods: From March 2009 to March 2012, 34 patients(48 hips) were diagnosed the ONFH with Association Research Circulation Osseous(ARCO) stage of Ⅱ to Ⅲb and operated with avascular fibular grafting in Jiangsu Province Hospital of traditional Chinese Medicine. We retrospectively reviewed the clinic effects of these patients and assessed the difference effects with diverse stages(ARCO) and types(China-Japan Friendship Hospital classification, CJFH) annually. The hip survival rate, Harris hip score, activity level and imaging stability were calculated. The average follow-up time was 6.7 years.Results: At the last follow-up,34 of 48 hips survived totally. Depending on the ARCO stage, The overall clinical success rate for hip preserving were 76.0% (19/25) in Ⅱ stage ,85.7%(12/14) in ⅢA stage and 33.3%(3/9) in ⅢB stage. Referring to the CJFH classification system, the hip survival rate were 100%(2/2) in M type,90.9%(10/11) in C type,77.8%(14/18) in L1 type,57.1%(8/14) in L2 type and 0%(0/3) in L3 type. The mean VAS score, HHS, and WOMAC were significantly improved at the final follow-up compared with preoperative values (p < 0.001).Conclusion: The avascular fibular grafting operation can increase the hip function and improve patients’ lives quality. It possesses vast clinical as well as practical significance, because the long-term efficacy can satisfy fundamental life requirements, especially for those early-stage and small-scale patients who suffer ONFH to avoid or put off the time of total hip arthroplasty(THA) surgery.
Chromosome-scale assembly and analysis of biomass crop Miscanthus lutarioriparius genome
Authors: Miao Jiashun , Feng Qi , Li Yan , Zhao Qiang , Zhou Congcong , Lu Hengyun , Fan Danlin , Lu Yiqi , Tian Qilin , Li Wenjun , Weng Qijun , Zhang Lei , Zhao Yan , Huang Tao , Yan Juan , Li Laigeng , Huang Xuehui , Sang Tao , Han Bin
Published: September 2020

The genus Miscanthus, a rhizomatous perennial plant, has great potential for bio-energy production for its high biomass yield and strong stress resistance. Here, we generated the first chromosome-scale assembly of Miscanthus lutarioriparius Nandi by combining Oxford Nanopore sequencing and Hi-C technologies. The 2.07-Gb assembly covers 96.64% of the genome, with contig N50 of 1.71 Mb. By utilizing Hi-C data, 1,956.46 Mb (94.30%) of the assembled sequences were anchored and oriented to 19 pseudochromosomes of haploid M. lutarioriparius. The diploid M. lutarioriparius was identified to have a typical tetraploid genome structure. With the chromosome-level genome assembly, a series of structural variation, including chromosomal fragmentation, fusion and rearrangement relative to sorghum genome were clearly characterized. The tandem duplicate genes of M. lutarioriparius were enriched not only in the GO terms related to biotic and abiotic stress response, but also in the cell wall biosynthesis. Comparative genome analysis revealed that the gene families related to disease resistance, cell wall biosynthesis and metal ion transport were greatly expanded and evolved. The gene families associated with the distinctive features of M. lutarioriparius were analyzed in detail, involving cell wall biosynthesis, disease resistance and C4 photosynthesis pathways. Besides the recent whole genome duplication, tandem duplication has played critical role in the expansion of size of these gene families investigated. While the transcriptome data showed that most duplicated gene members had extremely low level of expression in all transcriptome samples or the expected sample. The expansion of these families probably be an important genomic basis for the enhancement of those remarkable traits of M. lutarioriparius. These candidate gene members also provide valuable gene resource for function analysis and genetic improvement for M. lutarioriparius.
WITHDRAWN: Dysregulation of miR-129-5p in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Its Regulatory Effect on Insulin Resistance
Authors: Zhang Han , Niu Qinghui , Liang Kun , Li Xuesen , Jiang Jing , Bian Cheng
Published: September 2020

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) is the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndromes, insulin resistance (IR) is related to the occurrence of NAFLD. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of miR-129-5p in NAFLD patients and its clinical value, and explore its regulatory effect on IR.Methods: 117 NAFLD patients and 110 healthy controls were included. The levels of miR-129-5p were detected by qRT-PCR. To assess the diagnostic value of miR-129-5p for NAFLD, the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was established. C57Bl/6 mice were supplied with high-fat diet to establish NAFLD model. Intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test (IPITT) was carried out to evaluate the effect of miR-129-5p on IR in NAFLD animal model.Results: miR-129-5p was highly expressed in the serum of NAFLD patients, and patients with HOMA-IR ≥ 2.5 had higher level of miR-129-5p than those with HOMA-IR < 2.5. miR-129-5p had the ability to differentiate NAFLD patients from healthy individuals, and might be associated with the development of IR. Serum miR-129-5p was positively correlated with the levels of HOMA-IR, BMI, total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) in NAFLD patients. Downregulation of miR-129-5p regulates lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity in NAFLD mice model.Conclusions: MiR-129-5p was up-regulated in NAFLD patients, and might be a potential diagnostic biomarker. The regulatory effect of miR-129-5p on NAFLD may function by regulating lipid accumulation and insulin sensitivity.
Comprehensive Proteomic Analysis of Exosomes Derived from Human Bone Marrow-, Adipose Tissue-, and Umbilical Cord- Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Wang Zhenggang , He Zhi-yi , Liang Shuang , Yang Qing , Cheng Peng , Chen An-min
Published: September 2020

Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-derived exosomes have shown comprehensive application prospects over the years. Despite performing similar functions, exosomes from different origins present heterogeneous characteristics and components; however, relative study remains scarce. Lacking of a valuable reference, researchers select source cells for exosome studies mainly based on accessibility and personal preference.Methods: In this study, exosomes secreted by MSCs derived from different tissues were isolated, by ultracentrifugation, and proteomics analysis was performed. A total of 1,014 proteins were detected using a label-free method. Results: Bioinformatics analysis revealed their shared function in the extracellular matrix receptor. Bone marrow-MSCs-derived exosomes showed superior regeneration ability, and adipose tissue-MSCs-derived exosomes played a significant role in immune regulation, whereas, umbilical cord-MSCs-derived exosomes were more prominent in tissue damage repair.Conclusions: This study systematically and comprehensively analyzes the human MSCs-derived exosomes via proteomics, which reveals their potential applications in different fields, so as to provide a reference for researchers to select optimal source cells in future exosome-related studies.
INCREASE OF OPERATING RELIABILITY OF THE TRAVEL WHEEL USING THE USE OF THE ELASTIC INSERTS
Authors: Fidrovska Nataliia , Slepuzhnikov Evgen , Larin Oleksiy , Varchenko Ivan , Lipovyi Voloymyr , Afanasenko Kostiantyn , Harbuz Serhii
Published: September 2020

The aim of research is to substantiate the rational design of the travel wheel based on the determination of the dynamic forces arising from the movement of the freight carriage and the crane bridge. The research methodology is based on analytical methods for studying dynamic forces in the mechanism of movement of the cargo carriage of an overhead crane. The obtained solution of the three-mass dynamic scheme of the movement of the freight carriage. To verify the theoretical data obtained, an experiment was carried out on an overhead crane with a lifting capacity of 5 , span of 22.5 m, lifting height of 8 m, operating mode of 7 K. The study of the vibration state was carried out on the crane beam in the middle of the span, on the axis of the driven wheel of the crane trolley with an elastic insert and on the axis of the drive wheel of the crane trolley of a conventional design.

Crane wheels are the fastest wearing parts of a crane. A decrease in their durability leads to an increase in repair costs and crane downtime. Therefore, increasing the durability of crane travel wheels is an urgent task of modern crane construction. All designs of travel wheels are quite rigid and do not perceive shocks and distortions arising from the deviation of the rail track from the recommended values and lead to significant wear of the flanges and rails.

The analysis of the obtained solutions showed that when using a travel wheel with an elastic insert, the dynamic factors during the movement of the freight carriage decrease. Dependences are obtained for determining the dynamic forces arising from the movement of the travel crane wheel, taking into account the rigidity of the elastic ring, which is installed in the travel wheel. The analysis of the regularities of the formation of vibration signs at different points of the overhead crane structure is carried out. The proposed design and calculation method for a travel wheel with an elastic insert improves its operational reliability
ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE (EMI) PRODUCED BY HIGH VOLTAGE TRANSMISSION LINES
Authors: Alameri Ban M.
Published: September 2020

Electromagnetic interference in high voltage transmission lines has been an interest topic due to its effect on human health, plants, electrical and telecommunication equipment. Extremely high voltages (EHV) in transmission lines are reasons of electrostatic effects, while short circuit currents and line loading currents are responsible for electromagnetic effects.

The aim of this research is to analyze electromagnetic fields in high voltage transmission lines in theoretical study and calculating its level in overhead T. L and therefore estimated the EMI produced, by employing a mathematical model of 230 KV tower double circuit configurations of high voltage transmission lines. The calculation is based on computer aided analysis (CAA) by using fields and corona effects software (FACE). It's found that the overhead power lines of general frequency (50 Hz) generates a highly intense magnetic field, the electromagnetic fields depends on the distance from sources and the type of line configuration. They decrease as the distance increase from the tower and conductors and increase with a high current.

The strength of an electric field is proportional to the voltage of the line and the magnetic field strength is proportional to the current in the high voltage transmission lines. Distribution line with a high current load may produce a magnetic field that is as high as those produced by some high voltage transmission lines.

Some techniques of reduction of the effects of electromagnetic interference have suggested such as rearrangement conductors of transmission line, and distance from phase conductor and grounding system. The study recommended to keep safety distance operation in high voltage transmission lines with the necessity for engineer to take into account the effect of electromagnetic interference in the design stage of high voltage transmission power system, and to avoid any addition cost may be occur due to neglected effects of electromagnetic interference that produces by high voltage transmission lines
INFLUENCE OF ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME ON INTRAOPERATIVE DYNAMICS OF IL-6 DURING CORONARY REVASCULARIZATION
Authors: Dziuba Dmytro , Veremchuk Serhii , Loskutov Oleh
Published: September 2020

Percutaneous x-ray endovascular angioplasty is one of the most modern methods of treatment of severe forms of cardiovascular diseases. In the pathogenesis of acute coronary syndrome, a special place is occupied by the proinflammatory reaction of the body. The main “secondary” marker is interlekin-6. The peak of its production occurs on the first day of damage and correlates with its size.

The aim of the study. To investigate the dynamics of interleukin-6 level in the perioperative period of coronary revascularization, depending on the presence of acute coronary syndrome.

Materials and methods. This study included 68 patients with coronary artery disease. The patients were divided into three study groups. Group 1 and 2 patients were diagnosed with ACS, and they underwent emergency stenting of coronary vessels in order to recanalize occlusion of the coronary arteries. 3rd group patients did not have ACS and they were recanalized as planned.

Results. Analyzing the results of the study, we found that the highest obtained values of IL-6 were in group 1 in comparison with the group of patients who were surgically treated as planned and after stent placement, the interleukin values were 24.8 % higher in group 1 than in group 2 and almost 4 times higher in group 3 (p<0.001). When comparing groups with acute coronary syndrome, interleukin-6 indices were significantly higher by 47.4 % before surgery in group 3 and by 24.9 % after stent placement, which once again confirms the severity of patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Conclusions. Intraoperatively proinflammatory interlekin-6 after coronary artery stenting tends to increase in groups with acute coronary syndrome, while in the group with stable angina, these indicators are significantly higher by 22.8 % (p <0.001). The dynamics of Il-6 levels clearly correlates with the severity of the patient's condition and increases in the presence of acute coronary syndrome, especially in the presence of acute myocardial infarction.
COMPARISON OF PHARMACISTS PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY OF UKRAINIAN PHARMACY ON PROVISION OF INFORMATION ON ADVERSE REACTIONS OF PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS
Authors: Mishchenko Oksana , Ostashko Vasiliy , Greshko Iuliia
Published: September 2020

The aim of the research is the comparison of professional activity of pharmacists of pharmaceutical institution in Ukraine with different education level in relation to their responsibilities in detection and prevention of adverse reactions (AR) or lack of efficacy of pharmaceutical products (PP), set out in the regulatory documentation on this matter.

Materials and methods. The questionnaire was developed and used for pharmacists of pharmaceutical institution, taken training on cycles of postgraduate education during 2016–2018. 70 higher education pharmacists (HEPs) and 80 specialized secondary education pharmacists (SSEP) were inquired. The integrity was evaluated by Fisher's ratio test (F). For convenience of calculation the corresponding functions of MS Excel were used.

Results. The majority of SSEPs and HEPs of Ukrainian pharmaceutical institutions are aware of their duty to provide information on AR or lack of efficacy of pharmaceutical products to the Department of Post-authorization Supervision of the State Expert Center of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine and are aware of the regulatory legal documentation on this issue, however they are not active enough to take necessary action filling in the “Adverse drug reaction reporting form” and sending it to the national department. One of the reasons for the underactivity of pharmacy workers, irrespective of their level of education, is the low organization of this process in pharmacy institutions, in particular the absence of the “Adverse drug reaction reporting forms”.

Conclusion. Higher education pharmacist are more self-acting in completing “Adverse drug reaction reporting forms” and are less likely to shift their responsibilities to the pharmacy manager. It is critical to resolve the issue on enhancement of efficiency of detecting AR and/or lack of efficacy of PP in pharmacy institutions of Ukraine is to improve the quality of organizational work of pharmacy managers.
DISTRIBUTION OF STRONGYLOIDES STERCORALIS AMONG DOGS OF DIFFERENT HOUSING GROUPS IN KYIV AND KYIV REGION, CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS AND DIAGNOSTIC METHODS
Authors: Dashchenko Sofia , Soroka Natalia , Semenko Olena
Published: September 2020

Strongyloidiasis in dogs, despite its uncertain zoonotic status, is potentially danger for dogs owners. It is considered that strongyloidiases characteristic for tropical and subtropical regions, but in recent years it is increasingly found in non-endemic countries.

The aim. To determine the extent of the invasion, clinical signs and diagnostic methods of strongyloidiasis in dogs of different groups in Kyiv and Kyiv region.

Materials and methods. A total of 364 dogs were studied (130 animals lived in shelters (Group 1) and 234 in homes (Group 2). Diagnosis of strongyloidiasis was performed by native smear and Baerman methods. Additionally, the sensitivity of the modified string test was tested. Samples of venous blood were taken from dogs with confirmed strongyloidiasis for haematological and biochemical analysis.

Results. A study found that the extent of invasion (EI) in shelters and home dogs was 3.0±0.36 % (4/130; Group 1) and 2.5±0.25 % % (6/234; Group 2) respectively.

It was found that three repetitions of the Baerman method test increased its efficiency to 90.5 %. The sensitivity of the modified string test was 100 %.

Clinical manifestations included disorders of the respiratory (20 %: 2/10) and digestive systems (80 %: 8/10), weight loss (70 %: 7/10). Blood tests did not reveal changes specific to strongyloidiasis, eosinophilia was observed in only one dog in the acute stage of the disease.

Conclusions. The results of our studies indicate the presence of strongyloidiasis in dogs in Kyiv and Kyiv region and probability of the spread of the pathogen in the environment. Symptoms in dogs with strongyloidiasis were nonspecific and cannot be used for diagnosis. A modified string test and Baerman method has demonstrated high efficacy and may be recommended to clarify the diagnosis of a chronic invasion.
Simultaneous Submission of Journal Article: A Serious Author Misconduct
Authors: Bahishti Adam A
Published: September 2020

Simultaneous submission refers to the practice of submitting a manuscript that is already submitted and still under consideration at another journal. Almost all journals have a clear policy to not submit any manuscript simultaneously and force authors to send each manuscript to one journal at a time. Despite the set and well-known policy, it seems that the authors are enjoying to breach the publication ethics. In many cases, authors might be hoping to speed up the publishing process by sending out the same paper to multiple journals simultaneously. However, by doing so they actually slow down the overall editorial publishing process by consuming editorial resources from many journals to the same single paper and damaging the whole community. Sometimes simultaneous submissions get detected as they end up with simultaneous publication and sometimes it gets caught by reviewer or editors if by chance the same individual gets assigned by both journals however it's very rare. When such misconduct of simultaneous submission detected editor takes appropriate ethical action however in my opinion such detections are less than 1% of total simultaneous misconducts happening. More than 99% simultaneous submission went undetected and such authors destroying precious editorial resources silently without getting caught. In this article, my focus is on such silent destroyers which can be prevented with a collaborative approach of watching violators by journals and tighten the other policies through which authors easily violating simultaneous submission policy.
Controlling mechanisms to ensure the financial security of instrument-making enterprises
Authors: Pronoza Pavlo , Kuzenko Tetyana , Sablina Nataliya
Published: September 2020

The unpredictability of the development of the Ukrainian economy in the world economic space requires continuous improvement of the financial security management policy of business entities. The use of controlling mechanisms to ensure the necessary level of financial security enables the stable development and competitiveness of enterprises. The article highlights the conceptual aspects of ensuring the enterprise’s financial security using controlling mechanisms. The concept of control¬ling within the enterprise’s financial security is considered. An assessment of the enterprise’s financial security in the instrument-making industry of the engineering complex of Ukraine was made using an integrated safety indicator using taxonomic analysis techniques. It is noted that to ensure stable functioning and development of the enterprise, it is necessary to identify factors (threats) that lead to the loss of the proper level of enterprise’s financial security. To assess the impact of financial condi¬tion indicators on the level of effectiveness of financial safety management in engineering enterprises, a multivariate statistical analysis of correlation relationships was carried out and factor loads were calculated. It is proposed to organize the formation of a controlling system with an emphasis on ensuring an adequate level of enterprise’s financial security. The use of the proposed developments in the activities of the enterprises of the instrument-making industry allows increasing the efficiency of their functioning and to put the existing system of ensuring financial security to a new level.
Management of pulmonary hypertension in secondary antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: Elmogy Ahmed A , Gergis Michael , Hassan Ahmed , Hanna Irini S , Yacoub Magdi
Published: September 2020

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the prototypic multisystem autoimmune disorder with a broad spectrum of clinical presentations encompassing almost all organs and tissues. The extreme heterogeneity of the disease has led some investigators to propose that SLE represents a syndrome rather than a single disease. Antiphospholipidsyndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the occurrence of venous and/or arterial thrombosis and pregnancy morbidity in the presence of pathogenic autoantibodies known as antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). APS may be associated with other diseases, mainly systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Different groups of pulmonary hypertension (PH) can complicate SLE due to various etiologies. One of the well-known established pathogenesis is chronic thromboembolic pulmonary  hypertension (CTEPH). The presence of secondary APS in SLE patients further aggravate the condition due to recurrent venous thromboembolic showers to the pulmonary vasculature.  Pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) is the treatment of choice for CTEPH. The majority of patients experience substantial relief from symptoms and near normalization of hemodynamics. Patients who do not undergo PEA or suffer from persistent or recurrent PH after PEA (post-PEA PH) face a poor prognosis.
The haemodynamic assessment of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Ghio Stefano
Published: September 2020

[No abstract. Showing first paragraph of article]Right heart catheterization (RHC) has a crucial role in the management of patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH). Firstly, it is mandatory in subjects with the suspicion of PH to confirm the diagnosis. Secondly, it is strongly recommended in the follow-up of patients with confirmed pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) to evaluate drug efficacy and in case of clinical deterioration.In order to always perform a complete and correct RHC, clinicians carrying out the examination must be guided not only by technical recommendations, but also by the accurate knowledge of the different clinical issues which have to be addressed in these different situations.
Pulmonary hypertension: Proteins in the blood
Authors: Wilkins Martin
Published: September 2020

The plasma proteome is rich in information. It comprises proteins that are secreted or lost from cells as they respond to their local environment. Changes in the constitution of the plasma proteome offer a relatively non-invasive report on the health of tissues. This is particularly true of the lung in pulmonary hypertension, given the large surface area of the pulmonary vasculature in direct communication with blood. So far, this is relatively untapped; we have relied on proteins released from the heart, specifically brain natriuretic peptide and troponin, to inform clinical management. New technology allows the measurement of a larger number of proteins that cover a broad range of molecular pathways in a single small aliquot. The emerging data will yield more than just new biomarkers of pulmonary hypertension for clinical use. Integrated with genomics and with the help of new bioinformatic tools, the plasma proteome can provide insight into the causative drivers of pulmonary vascular disease and guide drug development.
Effect of silt content in filling sand on the geotubes dewatering performance by hanging bag tests
Authors: Man Xiaolei , Hu Shuigen , Wang Wansheng
Published: September 2020

The dewatering performance of geotubes is affected by the silt content of filling sand, which limits the construction speed of geotubes. In order to evaluate the effect of silt content of filling sand on the dewatering performance of geotubes, a series of hanging bag tests were carried-out by varying filling sand with five different silt content. In the tests, the variation of the water loss, soil loss and soil particles grading with time were studied. And the relationship between the silt content and the rate of water loss was analyzed. The research results show that the dewatering process could be divided into three stages, when the powder content is more than 20 %. Otherwise, the dewatering process only includes two stages. Three different bell-shaped function relationships exist between the percentage content of silt particles, median particle size and non-uniformity coefficient with the rate of water loss respectively. Furthermore, the different relationships were simplified into 3 different linear functions correspondingly. The research results could be used as a reference for geotubes engineering practice.
Propagation of shock wave and structure dynamic response of explosion in a subway station: a case study of Wuhan subway station
Authors: Hu Zongyao , Jiang Nan , Zhang Yuqi , Xia Yuqing , Zhou Chuanbo
Published: September 2020

With the development of urbanization, the construction of the subway has been greatly developed. Meanwhile, the public concern of terrorist attacks on subway stations keeps driving the related research. In this paper, the representative subway station of Wuhan Metro Line 8, Mafangshan station, which is now under construction, is taken as a case, the dynamic finite element numerical simulation software ANSYS/LS-DYNA is employed to establish finite element model. The propagation law transmitting through the station structure and the dynamic response of the station under different TNT charges are analyzed. It is indicated that the propagation of shock wave is complicated due to the semi-closed environment of the station as well as the reflection and transmission of the stress wave in the structure. Specifically, in the station structure, the displacement of the platform plate was the largest, under the explosive action of different TNT charge, the displacement of platform plate is 13.6 mm (5 kg), 22. 8mm (10 kg), 35.2 mm (20 kg), 45.6 cm (30 kg), 68.8 cm (40 kg), respectively. The middle part of the pillar was the largest displacement on the pillar. Based on the dynamic stress response analysis of the station pillar, it shows that the maximum value of the stress value in the pillar is located at the junction of the pillar and the plate. Under the explosive action of 40 kg TNT charge, the maximum tensile stress of the junction of the pillar and the plate reached 45.1 MPa. Therefore, more attention should be paid to anti-explosion measures herein. Besides, through the analysis of the tensile stress value at the bottom of the pillar under different charge quantity, the TNT charge quantity for the crack at the bottom of the pillar is determined to be 6.77 kg by the formula fitting.
Production of enriched lamb in biodegradable packaging
Authors: Giro Tatiana , Kulikovsky Andrey , Andreeva Svetlana , Gorlov Ivan , Giro Anna
Published: September 2020

The paper describes an environmentally safe technology for biofortifying lamb with target components in required concentrations packed in biodegradable film. To address the problem of micronutrient deficiency, we developed a biologically safe method of enriching lamb with organic iodine and selenium supplements. Introducing selenium and iodine feed supplements to the animals’ diet increased the average daily growth of their live mass in experimental groups by 3.43, 6.72, and 14.92% in groups I (iodine), II (selenium), and III (iodine and selenium), respectively, compared to the control group (feed only). The analysis of immunephysiological status showed an increase in phagocytic number in experimental groups: by 5.1% (P > 0.95), 9.4%, and 14.5% in groups I, II, III, respectively. In addition, the highest phagocytic activity and phagocytic intensity were observed in animals of group II and group III, indicating their higher resistance to adverse environmental factors, compared to the control. There was an increase in iodine, selenium and zinc content in the lamb meat from the experimental groups grown on enriched diets. We recorded a higher concentration of the micronutrients in the lambs receiving “Yoddar-Zn” and “DAFS-25” supplements together (Zn – 980 μg/100 g; Se – 53.9 μg/100 g; I – 77.6 μg/100 g). We found that the contents of zinc, selenium, and iodine in 100 g of m. Longissimus dorsi were 8.2%, 77.0%, and 51.7%, respectively, of the required content in the daily diet. Thus, we can use this raw material to produce functional meat products. Packaging lamb in sodium alginate-based biodegradable film helped reduce moisture loss during storage.
A framework for event-based flood scaling analysis by hydrological modeling in data-scarce regions
Authors: Li Jianzhu , Lei Kun , Zhang Ting , Zhong Wei , Kang Aiqing , Ma Qiushuang , Feng Ping
Published: September 2020

Flood scaling theory is important for flood predictions in data-scarce regions but is often applied to quantile-based floods that have no physical mechanisms. In this study, we propose a framework for flood prediction in data-scarce regions by event-based flood scaling. After analyzing the factors controlling the flood scaling, flood events are first simulated by a hydrological model with different areally averaged rainfall events and curve number (CN) values as inputs, and the peak discharge of each subcatchment is obtained. Then, the flood scaling is analyzed according to the simulated peak discharge and subcatchment area. Accordingly, the relationship curves between the scaling exponent and the two explanatory factors (rainfall intensity and CN) can be drawn. Assuming that the flood and the corresponding rainfall event have the same frequency, the scaling exponent with a specific flood frequency can be interpolated from these curves.
Incidence of enterococci resistant to clinically relevant antibiotics in environmental waters and in reclaimed waters used for irrigation
Authors: Monteiro Silvia , Santos Ricardo
Published: September 2020

Treated wastewater discharged into the environment or reused in different activities can be a major vehicle for the transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic-resistance genes. In this study, environmental and wastewater samples, collected at different stages of treatment, were studied to identify the possibility of a positive selection of antibiotic-resistant organisms in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Enterococci were isolated, characterized into the main human species, and subjected to the Kirby–Bauer test using seven antibiotics (five classes): ampicillin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, linezolid, tetracycline, and vancomycin. Furthermore, vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), a major cause of nosocomial infection, was identified, and the genes vanA and vanB detected directly in the samples and in all confirmed VRE. Data showed that WWTPs were able to reduce the levels of antibiotic resistance, although 72% of the disinfected wastewaters still presented antibiotic-resistant enterococci. VRE were detected in 6% of the samples, including in reclaimed waters. UV disinfection was not effective at removing VRE and multiple antibiotic-resistant (MAR) enterococci, most commonly Enterococcus faecalis. The use of reclaimed water containing VRE and MAR enterococci in crop production, irrigation of urban gardens, and street cleaning increases immensely the potential risk to human health.