bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel Treatments and Preventative Strategies Against Food-Poisoning Caused by Staphylococcal Species
Authors: Mourenza Álvaro , Gil José A. , Mateos Luis M. , Letek Michal
Published: January 2021

Staphylococcal infections are a widespread cause of disease in humans. In particular, S. aureus is a major causative agent of infection in clinical medicine. In addition, these bacteria can produce a high number of staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE) that may cause food intoxications. Apart from S. aureus, many coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. could be the source of food contamination. Thus, there is an active research work focused on developing novel preventative interventions based on food supplements to reduce the impact of staphylococcal food poisoning. Interestingly, many plant-derived compounds, such as polyphenols, flavonoids, or terpenoids, show significant antimicrobial activity against staphylococci, and therefore these compounds could be crucial to reduce the incidence of food intoxication in humans. Here, we reviewed the most promising strategies developed to prevent staphylococcal food poisoning.
Significantly Improved Dielectric Performance of Poly(1-butene)-Based Composite Films via Filling Polydopamine Modified Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3-Coated Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Nanoparticles
Authors: Li Lingfei , Sun Qiu , Chen Xiangqun , Jiang Zhaohua , Xu Yongjun
Published: January 2021

The low dielectric constant of the nonpolar polymer poly(1-butene) (PB-1) limits its application as a diaphragm element in energy storage capacitors. In this work, Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3-coated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (BZT@MWCNTs) were first prepared by using the sol–gel hydrothermal method and then modified with polydopamine (PDA) via noncovalent polymerization. Finally, PB-1 matrix composite films filled with PDA-modified BZT@MWCNTs nanoparticles were fabricated through a solution-casting method. Results indicated that the PDA-modified BZT@MWCNTs had good dispersion and binding force in the PB-1 matrix. These characteristics improved the dielectric and energy storage performances of the films. Specifically, the PDA-modified 10 vol% BZT@ 0.5 vol% MWCNTs/PB-1 composite film exhibited the best dielectric performance. At 1 kHz, the dielectric constant of this film was 25.43, which was 12.7 times that of pure PB-1 films. Moreover, its dielectric loss was 0.0077. Furthermore, under the weak electric field of 210 MV·m−1, the highest energy density of the PDA-modified 10 vol% BZT@ 0.5 vol% MWCNTs/PB-1 composite film was 4.57 J·cm−3, which was over 3.5 times that of PB-1 film (≈1.3 J·cm−3 at 388 MV·m−1).
A Sense of Presence: Mediating an American Apocalypse
Authors: Wagner Rachel
Published: January 2021

Here I build upon Robert Orsi’s work by arguing that we can see presence—and the longing for it—at work beyond the obvious spaces of religious practice. Presence, I propose, is alive and well in mediated apocalypticism, in the intense imagination of the future that preoccupies those who consume its narratives in film, games, and role plays. Presence is a way of bringing worlds beyond into tangible form, of touching them and letting them touch you. It is, in this sense, that Michael Hoelzl and Graham Ward observe the “re-emergence” of religion with a “new visibility” that is much more than “simple re-emergence of something that has been in decline in the past but is now manifesting itself once more.” I propose that the “new awareness of religion” they posit includes the mediated worlds that enchant and empower us via deeply immersive fandoms. Whereas religious institutions today may be suspicious of presence, it lives on in the thick of media fandoms and their material manifestations, especially those forms that make ultimate promises about the world to come.
Between Passion and Compassion: The Story of the Stone and Its Modern Reincarnations
Authors: Ying Lei
Published: January 2021

This study reconsiders The Story of the Stone as a literary exemplum of the “Buddhist conquest of China.” The kind of Buddhism that Stone embodies in its fictional form and makes indelible on the Chinese cultural imagination simultaneously indulges in and wavers from the Mahāyāna teachings of the nonduality of saṃsāra and nirvāṇa. The dialectics of truth and falsehood, love and emptiness, passion and compassion, which Stone dramatizes and problematizes, continues to stir the creative impulses of artists in revolutionary and post-revolutionary China. This study features three of Stone’s modern reincarnations. Tale of the Crimson Silk, a story by the amorous poet-monk Su Manshu (1884–1918), recasts at once the idea of Buddhist monkhood and that of “free love” in early Republican China. In Lust, Caution, a spy story by the celebrated writer Eileen Chang (1920–1995), a revolutionary heroine is compelled to weigh the emptiness/truth of carnal desire against the truth/emptiness of patriotic commitment. Decades later, love and illusion dwell again at the epicenter of a fallen empire in the director Chen Kaige’s (b. 1952) 2017 film, The Legend of the Demon Cat, in which an illustrious poet sings testimony to the (un)witting (com)passion of a femme fatale.
Performance Analysis in Olympic Sailors of the Formula Kite Class Using GPS
Authors: Caraballo Israel , González-Montesinos José Luis , Casado-Rodríguez Francisco , Gutierrez-Manzanedo José V.
Published: January 2021

Formula Kite is an Olympic sport that mainly differs from other kitesurfing modalities for the use of a hydrofoil. It is considered an extreme sport due to the great technical ability required. Regarding performance, the variables that determine performance in a real competition situation have not been studied, and even less so with Olympic sailors. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the technical and tactical variables that differentiate elite sailors. The sample consisted of 42 Olympic sailors of the Formula Kite class, who were evaluated in three World Cups. Using a GPS device, the speed, distance traveled, maneuvers, and time spent on the courses of upwind, downwind, and beam reach were recorded. The highest-level sailors presented a higher speed in upwind/downwind/beam reach and a shorter time in upwind and beam reach. Performance seems to be more strongly influenced by technical variables, such as speed, than by tactical variables.
Finite Element Modelling of Bandgap Engineered Graphene FET with the Application in Sensing Methanethiol Biomarker
Authors: Singh Paramjot , Abedini Sohi Parsoua , Kahrizi Mojtaba
Published: January 2021

In this work, we have designed and simulated a graphene field effect transistor (GFET) with the purpose of developing a sensitive biosensor for methanethiol, a biomarker for bacterial infections. The surface of a graphene layer is functionalized by manipulation of its surface structure and is used as the channel of the GFET. Two methods, doping the crystal structure of graphene and decorating the surface by transition metals (TMs), are utilized to change the electrical properties of the graphene layers to make them suitable as a channel of the GFET. The techniques also change the surface chemistry of the graphene, enhancing its adsorption characteristics and making binding between graphene and biomarker possible. All the physical parameters are calculated for various variants of graphene in the absence and presence of the biomarker using counterpoise energy-corrected density functional theory (DFT). The device was modelled using COMSOL Multiphysics. Our studies show that the sensitivity of the device is affected by structural parameters of the device, the electrical properties of the graphene, and with adsorption of the biomarker. It was found that the devices made of graphene layers decorated with TM show higher sensitivities toward detecting the biomarker compared with those made by doped graphene layers.
Estimating Functional Threshold Power in Endurance Running from Shorter Time Trials Using a 6-Axis Inertial Measurement Sensor
Authors: Cartón-Llorente Antonio , García-Pinillos Felipe , Royo-Borruel Jorge , Rubio-Peirotén Alberto , Jaén-Carrillo Diego , Roche-Seruendo Luis E.
Published: January 2021

Wearable technology has allowed for the real-time assessment of mechanical work employed in several sporting activities. Through novel power metrics, Functional Threshold Power have shown a reliable indicator of training intensities. This study aims to determine the relationship between mean power output (MPO) values obtained during three submaximal running time trials (i.e., 10 min, 20 min, and 30 min) and the functional threshold power (FTP). Twenty-two recreationally trained male endurance runners completed four submaximal running time trials of 10, 20, 30, and 60 min, trying to cover the longest possible distance on a motorized treadmill. Absolute MPO (W), normalized MPO (W/kg) and standard deviation (SD) were calculated for each time trial with a power meter device attached to the shoelaces. All simplified FTP trials analyzed (i.e., FTP10, FTP20, and FTP30) showed a significant association with the calculated FTP (p < 0.001) for both MPO and normalized MPO, whereas stronger correlations were found with longer time trials. Individual correction factors (ICF% = FTP60/FTPn) of ~90% for FTP10, ~94% for FTP20, and ~96% for FTP30 were obtained. The present study procures important practical applications for coaches and athletes as it provides a more accurate estimation of FTP in endurance running through less fatiguing, reproducible tests.
Action Unit Detection by Learning the Deformation Coefficients of a 3D Morphable Model
Authors: Ariano Luigi , Ferrari Claudio , Berretti Stefano , Del Bimbo Alberto
Published: January 2021

Facial Action Units (AUs) correspond to the deformation/contraction of individual facial muscles or their combinations. As such, each AU affects just a small portion of the face, with deformations that are asymmetric in many cases. Generating and analyzing AUs in 3D is particularly relevant for the potential applications it can enable. In this paper, we propose a solution for 3D AU detection and synthesis by developing on a newly defined 3D Morphable Model (3DMM) of the face. Differently from most of the 3DMMs existing in the literature, which mainly model global variations of the face and show limitations in adapting to local and asymmetric deformations, the proposed solution is specifically devised to cope with such difficult morphings. During a training phase, the deformation coefficients are learned that enable the 3DMM to deform to 3D target scans showing neutral and facial expression of the same individual, thus decoupling expression from identity deformations. Then, such deformation coefficients are used, on the one hand, to train an AU classifier, on the other, they can be applied to a 3D neutral scan to generate AU deformations in a subject-independent manner. The proposed approach for AU detection is validated on the Bosphorus dataset, reporting competitive results with respect to the state-of-the-art, even in a challenging cross-dataset setting. We further show the learned coefficients are general enough to synthesize realistic 3D face instances with AUs activation.
Development of a Human-Display Interface with Vibrotactile Feedback for Real-World Assistive Applications
Authors: Kim Kiduk , Jeong Ji-Hoon , Cho Jeong-Hyun , Kim Sunghyun , Kang Jeonggoo , Ryu Jeha , Lee Seong-Whan
Published: January 2021

It is important to operate devices with control panels and touch screens assisted by haptic feedback in mobile environments such as driving automobiles and electric power wheelchairs. A lot of consideration is needed to give accurate haptic feedback, especially, presenting clear touch feedback to the elderly and people with reduced sensation is a very critical issue from healthcare and safety perspectives. In this study, we aimed to identify the perceptual characteristics for the frequency and direction of haptic vibration on the touch screen with vehicle-driving vibration and to propose an efficient haptic system based on these characteristics. As a result, we demonstrated that the detection threshold shift decreased at frequencies above 210 Hz due to the contact pressure during active touch, but the detection threshold shift increased at below 210 Hz. We found that the detection thresholds were 0.30–0.45 gpeak with similar sensitivity in the 80–270 Hz range. The haptic system implemented by reflecting the experimental results achieved characteristics suitable for use scenarios in automobiles. Ultimately, it could provide practical guidelines for the development of touch screens to give accurate touch feedback in the real-world environment.
Epidemic Analysis of Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Networks Based on an Attack–Defense Game Model
Authors: Liu Guiyun , Peng Baihao , Zhong Xiaojing
Published: January 2021

Energy constraint hinders the popularization and development of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). As an emerging technology equipped with rechargeable batteries, wireless rechargeable sensor networks (WRSNs) are being widely accepted and recognized. In this paper, we research the security issues in WRSNs which need to be addressed urgently. After considering the charging process, the activating anti-malware program process, and the launching malicious attack process in the modeling, the susceptible–infected–anti-malware–low-energy–susceptible (SIALS) model is proposed. Through the method of epidemic dynamics, this paper analyzes the local and global stabilities of the SIALS model. Besides, this paper introduces a five-tuple attack–defense game model to further study the dynamic relationship between malware and WRSNs. By introducing a cost function and constructing a Hamiltonian function, the optimal strategies for malware and WRSNs are obtained based on the Pontryagin Maximum Principle. Furthermore, the simulation results show the validation of the proposed theories and reveal the influence of parameters on the infection. In detail, the Forward–Backward Sweep method is applied to solve the issues of convergence of co-state variables at terminal moment.
Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Aquaphotomics for Monitoring Mung Bean (Vigna radiata) Sprout Growth and Validation of Ascorbic Acid Content
Authors: Tjandra Nugraha David , Zinia Zaukuu John-Lewis , Aguinaga Bósquez Juan Pablo , Bodor Zsanett , Vitalis Flora , Kovacs Zoltan
Published: January 2021

Mung bean is a leguminous crop with specific trait in its diet, namely in the form of anti-nutrient components. The sprouting process is commonly done for better nutritional acceptance of mung bean as it presents better nutritional benefits. Sprouted mung bean serves as a cheap source of protein and ascorbic acid, which are dependent on the sprouting process, hence the importance of following the biological process. In larger production scale, there has not been a definite standard for mung bean sprouting, raising the need for quick and effective mung bean sprout quality checks. In this regard, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been recognized as a highly sensitive technique for quality control that seems suitable for this study. The aim of this paper was to describe quality parameters (water content, pH, conductivity, and ascorbic acid by titration) during sprouting using conventional analytical methods and advanced NIRS techniques as correlative methods for modelling sprouted mung beans’ quality and ascorbic acid content. Mung beans were sprouted in 6 h intervals up to 120 h and analyzed using conventional methods and a NIR instrument. The results of the standard analytical methods were analyzed with univariate statistics (analysis of variance (ANOVA)), and the NIRS spectral data was assessed with the chemometrics approach (principal component analysis (PCA), discriminant analysis (DA), and partial least squares regression (PLSR)). Water content showed a monotonous increase during the 120 h of sprouting. The change in pH and conductivity did not describe a clear pattern during the sprouting, confirming the complexity of the biological process. Spectral data-based discriminant analysis was able to distinctly classify the bean sprouts with 100% prediction accuracy. A NIRS-based model for ascorbic acid determination was made using standard ascorbic acid to quantify the components in the bean extract. A rapid detection technique within sub-percent level was developed for mung bean ascorbic acid content with R2 above 0.90. The NIR-based prediction offers reliable estimation of mung bean sprout quality
Estimation of Leaf Nitrogen Content in Wheat Based on Fusion of Spectral Features and Deep Features from Near Infrared Hyperspectral Imagery
Authors: Yang Baohua , Ma Jifeng , Yao Xia , Cao Weixing , Zhu Yan
Published: January 2021

Nitrogen is an important indicator for monitoring wheat growth. The rapid development and wide application of non-destructive detection provide many approaches for estimating leaf nitrogen content (LNC) in wheat. Previous studies have shown that better results have been obtained in the estimation of LNC in wheat based on spectral features. However, the lack of automatically extracted features leads to poor universality of the estimation model. Therefore, a feature fusion method for estimating LNC in wheat by combining spectral features with deep features (spatial features) was proposed. The deep features were automatically obtained with a convolutional neural network model based on the PyTorch framework. The spectral features were obtained using spectral information including position features (PFs) and vegetation indices (VIs). Different models based on feature combination for evaluating LNC in wheat were constructed: partial least squares regression (PLS), gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT), and support vector regression (SVR). The results indicate that the model based on the fusion feature from near-ground hyperspectral imagery has good estimation effect. In particular, the estimation accuracy of the GBDT model is the best (R2 = 0.975 for calibration set, R2 = 0.861 for validation set). These findings demonstrate that the approach proposed in this study improved the estimation performance of LNC in wheat, which could provide technical support in wheat growth monitoring.
Energy-Efficient Clustering Multi-Hop Routing Protocol in a UWSN
Authors: Nguyen Nhat-Tien , Le Thien T. T. , Nguyen Huy-Hung , Voznak Miroslav
Published: January 2021

Underwater wireless sensor networks are currently seeing broad research in various applications for human benefits. Large numbers of sensor nodes are being deployed in rivers and oceans to monitor the underwater environment. In the paper, we propose an energy-efficient clustering multi-hop routing protocol (EECMR) which can balance the energy consumption of these nodes and increase their network lifetime. The network area is divided into layers with regard to the depth level. The data sensed by the nodes are transmitted to a sink via a multi-hop routing path. The cluster head is selected according to the depth of the node and its residual energy. To transmit data from the node to the sink, the cluster head aggregates the data packet of all cluster members and then forwards them to the upper layer of the sink node. The simulation results show that EECMR is effective in terms of network lifetime and the nodes’ energy consumption.
Real-Time Artifacts Reduction during TMS-EEG Co-Registration: A Comprehensive Review on Technologies and Procedures
Authors: Varone Giuseppe , Hussain Zain , Sheikh Zakariya , Howard Adam , Boulila Wadii , Mahmud Mufti , Howard Newton , Morabito Francesco Carlo , Hussain Amir
Published: January 2021

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) excites neurons in the cortex, and neural activity can be simultaneously recorded using electroencephalography (EEG). However, TMS-evoked EEG potentials (TEPs) do not only reflect transcranial neural stimulation as they can be contaminated by artifacts. Over the last two decades, significant developments in EEG amplifiers, TMS-compatible technology, customized hardware and open source software have enabled researchers to develop approaches which can substantially reduce TMS-induced artifacts. In TMS-EEG experiments, various physiological and external occurrences have been identified and attempts have been made to minimize or remove them using online techniques. Despite these advances, technological issues and methodological constraints prevent straightforward recordings of early TEPs components. To the best of our knowledge, there is no review on both TMS-EEG artifacts and EEG technologies in the literature to-date. Our survey aims to provide an overview of research studies in this field over the last 40 years. We review TMS-EEG artifacts, their sources and their waveforms and present the state-of-the-art in EEG technologies and front-end characteristics. We also propose a synchronization toolbox for TMS-EEG laboratories. We then review subject preparation frameworks and online artifacts reduction maneuvers for improving data acquisition and conclude by outlining open challenges and future research directions in the field.
Indoor Path-Planning Algorithm for UAV-Based Contact Inspection
Authors: González de Santos Luis Miguel , Frías Nores Ernesto , Martínez Sánchez Joaquín , González Jorge Higinio
Published: January 2021

Nowadays, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are extensively used for multiple purposes, such as infrastructure inspections or surveillance. This paper presents a real-time path planning algorithm in indoor environments designed to perform contact inspection tasks using UAVs. The only input used by this algorithm is the point cloud of the building where the UAV is going to navigate. The algorithm is divided into two main parts. The first one is the pre-processing algorithm that processes the point cloud, segmenting it into rooms and discretizing each room. The second part is the path planning algorithm that has to be executed in real time. In this way, all the computational load is in the first step, which is pre-processed, making the path calculation algorithm faster. The method has been tested in different buildings, measuring the execution time for different paths calculations. As can be seen in the results section, the developed algorithm is able to calculate a new path in 8–9 milliseconds. The developed algorithm fulfils the execution time restrictions, and it has proven to be reliable for route calculation.
Using Geiger Dosimetry EKO-C Device to Detect Ionizing Radiation Emissions from Building Materials
Authors: Gliniak Maciej , Dróżdż Tomasz , Kurpaska Sławomir , Lis Anna
Published: January 2021

The purpose of the article is to check and assess what radiation is emitted by particular building materials with the passage of time. The analysis was performed with the EKO-C dosimetry device from Polon-Ekolab. The scope of the work included research on sixteen selected construction materials, divided into five groups. The analysis of the results showed that samples such as bricks (first group) and hollow blocks (second group) emit the highest radiation in the tested objects. When comparing these materials, the highest value was recorded when measuring the ceramic block of 15.76 mSv·yr−1. Taking into account the bricks, the highest value of radiation was shown by a full clinker brick, 11.3 mSv·yr−1. Insulation materials and finishing boards are two other groups of building materials that have been measured. They are characterised by a low level of radiation. In the case of materials for thermal insulation, the highest condition was demonstrated by graphite polystyrene of 4.463 mSv·yr−1, while among finishing boards, the highest value of radiation was recorded for the measurement of gypsum board of 3.76 mSv·yr−1. Comparing the obtained test results to the requirements of the Regulation of the Council of Ministers on ionizing radiation dose limits applicable in Poland, it can be noted that the samples examined individually do not pose a radiation risk to humans. When working with all types of samples, the radiation doses are added up. According to the guidelines of the regulation, the total radiation dose does not exceed 50 mSv·yr−1 and does not constitute a threat to human health.
Optical Fiber Pyrometer Designs for Temperature Measurements Depending on Object Size
Authors: Núñez-Cascajero Arántzazu , Tapetado Alberto , Vargas Salvador , Vázquez Carmen
Published: January 2021

The modelling of temperature measurements using optical fiber pyrometers for different hot object sizes with new generalized integration limits is presented. The closed equations for the calculus of the radiated power that is coupled to the optical fiber for two specific scenarios are proposed. Accurate predictions of critical distance for avoiding errors in the optical fiber end location depending on fiber types and object sizes for guiding good designs are reported. A detailed model for estimating errors depending on target size and distance is provided. Two-color fiber pyrometers as a general solution are also discussed.
An Accurate Linear Method for 3D Line Reconstruction for Binocular or Multiple View Stereo Vision
Authors: Zhong Lijun , Qin Junyou , Yang Xia , Zhang Xiaohu , Shang Yang , Zhang Hongliang , Yu Qifeng
Published: January 2021

For the problem of 3D line reconstruction in binocular or multiple view stereo vision, when there are no corresponding points on the line, the method called Direction-then-Point (DtP) can be used, and if there are two pairs of corresponding points on the line, the method called Two Points 3D coordinates (TPS) can be used. However, when there is only one pair of corresponding points on the line, can we get the better accuracy than DtP for 3D line reconstruction? In this paper, a linear and more accurate method called Point-then-Direction (PtD) is proposed. First, we used the intersection method to obtain the 3D point’s coordinate from its corresponding image points. Then, we used this point as a position on the line to calculate the direction of the line by minimizing the image angle residual. PtD is also suitable for multiple camera systems. The simulation results demonstrate that PtD increases the accuracy of both the direction and the position of the 3D line compared to DtP. At the same time, PtD achieves a better result in direction of the 3D line than TPS, but has a lower accuracy in the position of 3D lines than TPS.
Multi-Zone Authentication and Privacy-Preserving Protocol (MAPP) Based on the Bilinear Pairing Cryptography for 5G-V2X
Authors: Hakeem Shimaa A. Abdel , Kim HyungWon
Published: January 2021

5G-Vehicle-to-Everything (5G-V2X) supports high-reliability and low latency autonomous services and applications. Proposing an efficient security solution that supports multi-zone broadcast authentication and satisfies the 5G requirement is a critical challenge. In The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Release 16 standard, for Cellular- Vehicle-to-Everything (C-V2X) single-cell communication is suggested to reuse the IEEE1609.2 security standard that utilizes the Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography. PKI-based solutions provide a high-security level, however, it suffers from high communication and computation overhead, due to the large size of the attached certificate and signature. In this study, we propose a light-weight Multi-Zone Authentication and Privacy-Preserving Protocol (MAPP) based on the bilinear pairing cryptography and short-size signature. MAPP protocol provides three different authentication methods that enable a secure broadcast authentication over multiple zones of large-scale base stations, using a single message and a single short signature. We also propose a centralized dynamic key generation method for multiple zones. We implemented and analyzed the proposed key generation and authentication methods using an authentication simulator and a bilinear pairing library. The proposed methods significantly reduce the signature generation time by 16 times–80 times, as compared to the previous methods. Additionally, the proposed methods significantly reduced the signature verification time by 10 times–16 times, as compared to the two previous methods. The three proposed authentication methods achieved substantial speed-up in the signature generation time and verification time, using a short bilinear pairing signature.
Ramie Yield Estimation Based on UAV RGB Images
Authors: Fu Hongyu , Wang Chufeng , Cui Guoxian , She Wei , Zhao Liang
Published: January 2021

Timely and accurate crop growth monitoring and yield estimation are important for field management. The traditional sampling method used for estimation of ramie yield is destructive. Thus, this study proposed a new method for estimating ramie yield based on field phenotypic data obtained from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images. A UAV platform carrying RGB cameras was employed to collect ramie canopy images during the whole growth period. The vegetation indices (VIs), plant number, and plant height were extracted from UAV-based images, and then, these data were incorporated to establish yield estimation model. Among all of the UAV-based image data, we found that the structure features (plant number and plant height) could better reflect the ramie yield than the spectral features, and in structure features, the plant number was found to be the most useful index to monitor the yield, with a correlation coefficient of 0.6. By fusing multiple characteristic parameters, the yield estimation model based on the multiple linear regression was obviously more accurate than the stepwise linear regression model, with a determination coefficient of 0.66 and a relative root mean square error of 1.592 kg. Our study reveals that it is feasible to monitor crop growth based on UAV images and that the fusion of phenotypic data can improve the accuracy of yield estimations.
An Optical Frequency Domain Angle Measurement Method Based on Second Harmonic Generation
Authors: Dwi Astuti Wijayanti , Matsukuma Hiraku , Nakao Masaru , Li Kuangyi , Shimizu Yuki , Gao Wei
Published: January 2021

This paper proposes a new optical angle measurement method in the optical frequency domain based on second harmonic generation with a mode-locked femtosecond laser source by making use of the unique characteristic of the high peak power and wide spectral range of the femtosecond laser pulses. To get a wide measurable range of angle measurement, a theoretical calculation for several nonlinear optical crystals is performed. As a result, LiNbO3 crystal is employed in the proposed method. In the experiment, the validity of the use of a parabolic mirror is also demonstrated, where the chromatic aberration of the focusing beam caused the localization of second harmonic generation in our previous research. Moreover, an experimental demonstration is also carried out for the proposed angle measurement method. The measurable range of 10,000 arc-seconds is achieved.
Optimal Consensus with Dual Abnormality Mode of Cellular IoT Based on Edge Computing
Authors: Pan Shin-Hung , Wang Shu-Ching
Published: January 2021

The continuous development of fifth-generation (5G) networks is the main driving force for the growth of Internet of Things (IoT) applications. It is expected that the 5G network will greatly expand the applications of the IoT, thereby promoting the operation of cellular networks, the security and network challenges of the IoT, and pushing the future of the Internet to the edge. Because the IoT can make anything in anyplace be connected together at any time, it can provide ubiquitous services. With the establishment and use of 5G wireless networks, the cellular IoT (CIoT) will be developed and applied. In order to provide more reliable CIoT applications, a reliable network topology is very important. Reaching a consensus is one of the most important issues in providing a highly reliable CIoT design. Therefore, it is necessary to reach a consensus so that even if some components in the system is abnormal, the application in the system can still execute correctly in CIoT. In this study, a protocol of consensus is discussed in CIoT with dual abnormality mode that combines dormant abnormality and malicious abnormality. The protocol proposed in this research not only allows all normal components in CIoT to reach a consensus with the minimum times of data exchange, but also allows the maximum number of dormant and malicious abnormal components in CIoT. In the meantime, the protocol can make all normal components in CIoT satisfy the constraints of reaching consensus: Termination, Agreement, and Integrity.
On ne compte pas quand on aime Pisistrate, ou Solon transporté par la vraisemblance platonicienne
Authors: Larran Francis
Published: January 2021

L’étude propose d’éclairer le sens et la fonction de l’anecdote anachronique sur le couple Solon – Pisistrate à la lumière du contexte philosophique et historiographique de la seconde moitié du IVe siècle. Imaginée probablement par Héraclide du Pont, la rencontre affective unissant les deux dirigeants athéniens répond à un régime d’historicité platonicien. Ni vraie ni mensongère, l’anecdote utilise l’arme de la vraisemblance historique pour soutenir la conception platonicienne du dirigeant modèle dans les débats de son temps. Associé au bon tyran Pisistrate pour le bien d’Athènes, le Solon défendu par les milieux platoniciens après la mort de Platon contrarie les prises de position de ses détracteurs qui voudraient, au IVe siècle, le présenter comme un être tyrannique. L’anecdote s’oppose encore aux idées soutenues par La Constitution d’Athènes, qui utilise la rigueur chronologique pour écarter Solon de Pisistrate et le dépeindre ainsi comme l’incarnation du législateur prudent.
Gallo nelle Bucoliche: il senso di un dialogo poetico
Authors: Gagliardi Paola
Published: January 2021

Nel liber delle Bucoliche Virgilio intrattiene con Cornelio Gallo e la sua elegia d’amore un intenso e complesso dialogo sui limiti della poesia e sulla relazione di essa con il dolore. Questo inizia nell’ecl. 2 con il personaggio e la situazione di Coridone infelice per amore e prosegue nella figura patetica del pastore suicida nell’ecl. 8 ; nell’ecl. 6 si tratta di un altro aspetto della produzione di Gallo, mentre il culmine del confronto si raggiunge nell’ecl. 10 con una riflessione sull’incapacità dell’arte a dare conforto alla sofferenza.
Actoris Aurunci Spolium: A Virgilian Reading of Juvenal’s Second Satire
Authors: Fratantuono Lee
Published: January 2021

Juvenal’s second satire is a carefully crafted response to Virgil’s Aeneid, in which the satirist offers the reflection that the final ethnographic identity of Rome that had been decreed by Jupiter to Juno at the end of Virgil’s epic may not, in fact, be the reality that had emerged by Juvenal’s day. The Actoris Aurunci spolium or the “spoils of Auruncan Actor”, which is transferred from Virgil’s Turnus to Juvenal’s Otho becomes a symbol of how the Trojan element in Rome’s mytho-historical past may prove, ultimately, to be more resilient than the Italian element in the definition of the mores of the empire.
Iulius Sacrovir et la révolte gauloise de 21
Authors: Arbabe Emmanuel
Published: January 2021

La révolte de 21 ap. J.-C. qui agita les trois provinces gauloises de la Gaule chevelue est un des rares événements documentés par les textes de l’histoire gauloise durant la période julioclaudienne. Tacite en est la source principale, mais l’étude d’un extrait antérieur de Velleius Paterculus permet de jeter un regard nouveau sur ces événements. La révolte, menée pour des raisons fiscales, est dirigée par l’Éduen Iulius Sacrovir, auquel Paterculus donne un relief particulier en le désignant par les termes exceptionnels de princeps Galliarum. Ces termes permettent de penser qu’il pourrait s’agir en réalité du grand-prêtre du culte impérial, ce dernier se déroulant en Gaule de manière commune aux trois provinces, au Confluent, près de Lugdunum.

L’implication de l’assemblée du Confluent et de son grand-prêtre donnerait alors à cette révolte une signification particulière, en relation avec l’expression d’un espace politique gaulois commun.
Application of Random Forest Algorithm for the Prediction of Online Food Delivery Service Delay
Authors: ŞAHİN Hanife , İÇEN Duygu
Published: January 2021

Online shopping industry nowadays has been growing rapidly with the evolution of technology. Consumers have started to shop according to certain criteria with the spread of the online shopping sector. One of the sectors that enlightens the future customer in terms of service quality by getting feedback from purchases (comments or ratings) is the online food sector. In this study, a classification study is conducted to investigate the observance with the fast delivery criteria, which is one of the cornerstone criteria in the online food industry. Random Forest (RF) algorithm is applied for the classification. The most important advantage of the RF is it handles a large number of input variables also it is speediness. More than that RF algorithm reduces the overfitting problem and as a result variance is small and therefore it improves the accuracy. The application is implemented through R programming language. In this study, online food delivery variable is created as two categories (On time or Early and Late) and is estimated by RF algorithm that is applied this data for the first time. According to the results, the correct classification rate of the testing data for the estimation of the online food delivery status variable is found as 95.85%. In addition, the performances of the restaurants are compared for the customers. It turns out that the traffic situation does not greatly affect the result of the delivery status. As a result, RF algorithm is applied to the data obtained by web scraping techniques and the delivery status performance of restaurants is revealed with this study.
Foreign remittances and income inequality in Pakistan: A Pooled Regression Analysis
Authors: Suleman Sana , Cheema Ahmed Raza
Published: January 2021

The people from developing countries like Pakistan move to developed countries to earn their bread and butter. Consequently, such migrants remit a handsome part of their earnings to their dependents living in homeland. Foreign remittances have multidimensional impact on the economy of a developing country. The study evaluates the impact of foreign remittances on income inequality in Pakistan by estimating the set of fixed effect and random effect models using the pooled data from eight household income and expenditure surveys between 1998/99 and 2015/16. Gini coefficient as well as generalized entropy measure is used to estimate income inequality, but the results remain intact. It is observed that foreign remittances have statistically significant favorable impacts on income inequality in Pakistan. Further, the results are robust and insensitive to control variables (e.g. income and poverty measures, headcount ratio, poverty gap and squared poverty gap). The policy measure is that Bureau of Emigration and Overseas Employment (BEOE) should be empowered to explore the job opportunities in developed countries. The government should assist the migrants through subsidizing the visa and migration processes to capitalize the foreign remittances.
PATRONES DE VARIACIÓN Y DISTRIBUCIÓN GEOGRÁFICA EN FENOTIPOS QUÍMICOS FOLIARES DE Persea americana var. drymifolia
Authors: Torres-Gurrola Guadalupe , Montes-Hernández Salvador , Espinosa-García Francisco J.
Published: January 2021

Persea americana var. drymifolia (aguacate criollo) en forma silvestre se encuentra en bosques con un precario estado de conservación. Se estudió la química foliar de poblaciones de este aguacate ubicadas en el Banco de Germoplasma del Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias en Celaya, Guanajuato, uno de los bancos más representativos para esta variedad en México. Se tomaron hojas maduras de 291 árboles correspondientes a 35 accesiones de siete estados del país. Se determinó el perfil químico foliar por cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas. Se cuantificó la concentración de 33 compuestos, de los cuales se identificaron 28. Los más abundantes fueron estragol y cariofileno; cada uno representó más de 10 % de la concentración total de la muestra. La variación química de los árboles clasificada con análisis de conglomerados, mostró grupos y subgrupos con 40 a 60 % de similitud. Los subgrupos químicos que contienen a la mayoría de los árboles a 40 % de similitud se diferenciaron entre sí principalmente por estragol, sabineno y β-cubebeno. Estragol, cariofileno, pcimeno, β-felandreno y chavicol-metil-éter fueron los componentes característicos en otros subgrupos a una escala de similitud de 60 %. Ningún subgrupo se asoció con una distribución geográfica particular. Se encontró mayor variación entre estados que dentro de ellos, para la mayoría de los compuestos químicos.
SUGARS AND ALCOHOLIC BYPRODUCTS FROM HENEQUEN (Agave fourcroydes) AS INFLUENCED BY PLANT AGE AND CLIMATE
Authors: Rendón-Salcido Luis A. , Colunga-GarcíaMarín Patricia , Barahona-Pérez Luis F. , Pimienta-Barrios Eulogio , Magdub-Méndez Abdo , Larqué-Saavedra Alfonso
Published: January 2021

Henequen (Agave fourcroydes Lem.) is a well known fiber producing plant cultivated in the Yucatán peninsula in México. Recent studies revealed that the stem locally known as “piña” is a reservoir of non structural carbohydrates, which may be fermented to produce an alcoholic spirit similar to mezcal and tequila. In this work we determined the effect of plant age and climatic conditions through the year on sugars and alcohol production. “Piñas” from 5, 8, 15, 18 and 19 year-old plants were harvested in the spring and autumn dry seasons, as well as in the rainy season of one single year. “Piñas” fresh weight varied from 5.2 to 6.7 kg. Harvested “piñas” were cut into small pieces and cooked, followed by pressing to extract their juice; then the juice was fermented with Kluyveromyces marxianus native yeast isolated from henequen, and distilled to obtain two alcoholic products: “ordinary” (monodistilled) and “white” (bidistilled). Results showed that 19 year-old plants yielded the highest volume of ordinary alcohol production (159 mL per liter of juice). ”Piñas” harvested in the dry spring season produced greater quantities of “ordinary” alcohol than those harvested during the dry autumn and in the rainy seasons.
HUMEDAD EDÁFICA, NITRÓGENO Y HONGOS ECTOMICORRÍZICOS COMESTIBLES EN EL CRECIMIENTO DE PINO
Authors: Perea-Estrada Víctor M. , Pérez-Moreno Jesús , Villarreal-Ruiz Luis , Trinidad-Santos Antonio , De la I.-de Bauer Ma. de Lourdes , Cetina-Alcalá Víctor M. , Tijerina-Chávez Leonardo
Published: January 2021

El efecto de la humedad del sustrato y la fertilización nitrogenada en plantas inoculadas con hongos ectomicorrízicos (ECM) ha recibido escasa atención, a pesar de la relevancia ecológica y sensibilidad de estos hongos a factores ambientales. En este estudio se evaluó en invernadero la influencia de dos regímenes de humedad del sustrato [80 a 100 y 40 a 60 % de la capacidad máxima de retención de agua del sustrato (CMRAS)], la adición de tres dosis de nitrógeno mineral (140, 70 y 0 kg de N ha-1) y la inoculación con tres hongos ectomicorrízicos comestibles (Hebeloma spp., Laccaria spp. y Clavulina aff. cinerea), en el desarrollo de dos especies de pinos (Pinus patula Schl. et Cham y Pinus hartwegii Lindl). Se midió altura y diámetro del tallo a 90, 180 y 310 d después de la siembra, número de raíces cortas, pesos secos de parte aérea y raíz, y la colonización ectomicorrízica. Los efectos relevantes (P ≤ 0.05) en las plantas fueron originados por la humedad del sustrato y la inoculación con hongos ectomicorrízicos. Las interacciones sobresalientes (P ≤ 0.05) fueron las de la humedad del sustrato y la especie de pino, la humedad del sustrato y la inoculación con hongos ECM, y la especie de pino y la inoculación. La altura y el peso seco aumentaron como consecuencia de la inoculación con Hebeloma spp. y Laccaria spp. En las plantas de P. patula inoculadas con Hebeloma spp., el régimen de humedad de 80 a 100 % produjo mayor peso seco total (46 %) y altura (25 %) que el régimen de humedad de 40 a 60 %. En P. patula inoculado con Hebeloma spp. y fertilizado con 140 kg N ha-1, se apreció un aumento en el peso seco del follaje (29 %), comparado con el tratamiento sin fertilizante nitrogenado. El crecimiento de P. patula y P. hartwegii fue afectado diferencialmente en las humedades evaluadas, en función de los hongos ECM inoculados.
ESTIMACIÓN DE BIOMASA Y CARBONO EN UN BOSQUE DE Abies religiosa
Authors: Avendaño-Hernández Dulce Ma. , Acosta-Mireles Miguel , Carrillo-Anzures Fernando , Etchevers-Barra Jorge D.
Published: January 2021

Se generaron dos ecuaciones para determinar biomasa y carbono en Abies religiosa (H.B.K.) Schl. et Cham. Tales ecuaciones son de la forma Y = b Xk, donde Y es el contenido de biomasa o de carbono, y X el diámetro normal (DN). Para estimar los valores b y k del modelo se utilizaron datos de 26 árboles de un área en aprovechamiento forestal, con diámetro normal entre 6.5 y 79 cm del predio “El Innominado” en San Felipe Hidalgo Nanacamilpa, Tlaxcala, México. A cada árbol se le determinó la biomasa de sus componentes (fuste, ramas y follaje); de este material se seleccionaron al azar 10 submuestras de fuste, 10 de ramas y 6 de follaje, y todas se analizaron para determinar su concentración de carbono. La concentración de carbono en el fuste fue de 46.6 %, en las ramas fue de 46 % y en follaje 46.1 %, y la concentración promedio de carbono por árbol fue de 46.5 %. El mayor porcentaje de biomasa (84.5 %) se encontró en el fuste incluido el tocón, mientras que en las ramas y el follaje hubo 6.9 y 8.6 %, respectivamente. Con la biomasa y el DN de los 26 árboles se obtuvo el ajuste de los parámetros b y k del modelo propuesto (B = 0.0713 DN2.5104). Para establecer las variables del modelo predictivo de carbono acumulado por árbol (CAA) en función del DN, se usó un procedimiento idéntico al anterior, cuyo resultado fue CAA = 0.0332 DN2.5104. Los parámetros para ambas ecuaciones fueron estimados con un coeficiente de determinación (R2) de 0.99.
جريمة الإبادة الجماعية
Authors: ربيع زياد محمد
Published: January 2021

تعد الجرائم الدولية الماسة بالجنس البشري من أشد الجرائم خطورة ضد

البشر، إذ أنها تنطوي على مساس بحياة شخص أو مجموعة من الأشخاص أو

بحريتهم أو حقوقهم أو آدميتهم، وتشكل تلك الجرائم في مجموعها ما يطلق عليه

الجرائم الإنسانية.

وتعتبر الجرائم الإنسانية حديثة العهد نسبيًا على الصعيد الدولي، حيث لم

تظهر في شكلها الحالي إلا بعد الحرب العالمية الثانية، وقد نُصّ عليها لأول مرة

في المبدأ السادس من مبادئ محاكمات نورمبرج الذي حدد تلك الجرائم الدولية

بأنها "القتل، الإبادة، الاسترقاق والإبعاد، وكل فعل آخر غير إنساني يرتكب ضد

أي شعب مدني قبل وأثناء الحرب، وكذلك أفعال الاضطهاد المبنية على أسباب

سياسية أو عرقية أو دينية، متى كانت هذه الأفعال أو الاضطهادات ترتكب تبعًا

.) لجريمة ضد السلام أو جريمة حرب أو كانت ذات صلة بها ) 1

وقد ذكرت مدونة مشروع الجرائم ضد أمن وسلامة البشرية عام 1991

الجرائم ضد الإنسانية تحت عنوان انتهاكات حقوق الإنسان بصورة منتظمة وعلى

نطاق واسع، وأوضحت أن كل من يرتكب أو يأمر بارتكاب أي انتهاك من

الانتهاكات التالية لحقوق الإنسان بصورة منتظمة أو على نطاق جماعي وهي:

"القتل العمد، والتعذيب، وإخضاع الأشخاص لحالة الرق أو العبودية أو السخرة

أو الإبقاء على هذه الحالة والاضطهاد لأسباب اجتماعية أو عرقية أو دينية أو

." ثقافية، أو يأمر بارتكاب أو يرتكب جريمة إبعاد السكان أو نقلهم عنوة يعاقب" 2

وتعد جريمة الإبادة الجماعية إحدى الجرائم الموجهة ضد الجنس البشري،

بل يمكن وصفها بأنها أشد الجرائم الدولية جسامة وبأنها جريمة الجرائم، وذلك

لما تشكله من تهديد للإنسان في حياته وصحته وكرامته، وتظهر خطورتها في

كونها تهدد بإبادة جماعة أو جماعات كاملة لأسباب دينية أو عرقية أو عنصرية

أو قبلية… الخ، وتأخذ الإبادة إما صورة مادية كما في الاعتداء على الحياة أو

الصحة، أو صورة بيولوجية كما في إعاقة النسل وحرمان جماعة من النسل

للتكاثر عن طريق التعقيم والإسقاط، أو تنصب الإبادة في صورة ثقافية كما في

حرمان مجتمع ما من لغته أو ثقافته.

وتشكل الإبادة الجماعية نوعاً من السادية يبرز أخطر ما في النفس البشرية

من وحشية ضارية وشذوذٍ عند فاعلها، كما أنها تعد أحد صور الجرائم الدولية

التي تستوجب معاقبة مرتكبيها والتعاون الدولي لمحاربتها والقضاء عليها.