bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structure and Electrochemical Performance of Carbide‐Derived Carbon Nanopowders
Authors: Pérez Carlos R. , Yeon Sun‐Hwa , Ségalini Julie , Presser Volker , Taberna Pierre‐Louis , Simon Patrice , Gogotsi Yury
Published: July 2012

Microporous carbon materials are widely used in gas storage, sorbents, supercapacitor electrodes, water desalination, and catalyst supports. While these microporous carbons usually have a particle size in the 1–100 μm range, here the synthesis of porous carbide‐derived carbon (CDC) with particle diameters around 30 nm by extraction of titanium from nanometer‐sized titanium carbide (TiC) powder at temperatures of 200 °C and above is reported. Nanometer‐sized CDCs prepared at 200–400 °C show a disordered structure and the presence of CN sp1 bonds. Above 400 °C, the CN bond disappears with the structure transition to disordered carbon similar to that observed after synthesis from carbide micropowders. Compared to CDCs produced from micrometer‐sized TiC, nano‐CDC has a broader pore size distribution due to interparticle porosity and a large contribution from the surface layers. The material shows excellent electrochemical performance due to its easily accessible pores and a large specific surface area.
An Antithrombogenic Citric Acid‐Crosslinked Gelatin with Endothelialization Activity
Authors: Inoue Motoki , Sasaki Makoto , Nakasu Asako , Takayanagi Mariko , Taguchi Tetsushi
Published: July 2012

A novel citric acid‐crosslinked gelatin matrix with endothelialization activity and anti‐adhesive properties for platelets is prepared. The matrix is characterized using an endothelial cell culture and an antithrombogenic activity test. The number of endothelial cells cultured on the surface of the trisuccinimidyl citrate (TSC)‐crosslinked gelatin increases as the concentration of TSC increases to 20 mM, and then decreases with further increases in TSC concentration. Compared with glutaraldehyde‐crosslinked gelatin, platelet number and fibrin network formation on the TSC‐crosslinked gelatin are minimal at high TSC concentration. The biocompatibility of the matrix is evaluated by bioluminescence imaging. This indicates that the inflammation reaction of the TSC‐crosslinked gelatin is lower than that of glutaraldehyde‐crosslinked gelatin. Physicochemical analysis of TSC‐crosslinked gelatin with different TSC concentrations shows that the high concentration of the cell adhesion sequence, arginine–glycine–aspartic acid, contributes to the promotion of endothelial cell adhesion and subsequent endothelial cell growth. Analysis of the carboxyl groups in the TSC‐crosslinked gelatin showed that the antithrombogenic activity is due to the increased negative charge derived from the hydrolyzed active ester groups of TSC. These findings show that TSC‐crosslinked gelatin has the potential for use in biomedical devices in contact with blood, such as stents, artificial blood vessels, and artificial heart valves.
Functionalizations of Aryl CH Bonds in 2‐Arylpyridines via Sequential Borylation and Copper Catalysis
Authors: Niu Liting , Yang Haijun , Yang Daoshan , Fu Hua
Published: July 2012

Selective functionalizations of aryl CH bonds in 2‐arylpyridines have been developed via sequential borylation and aerobic oxidative copper catalysis, and the corresponding aryl halides, sulfones, azides and arylamines were obtained in good yields. The protocol uses cheap and readily available boron tribromide (BBr3) as the borylating reagent, and inorganic salts (potassium iodide, ammonium bromide, sodium alkylsulfinates, sodium azide) as the functional group sources. This method makes functionalizations of aryl CH bonds easy.
Organocatalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of β‐Aryl‐β‐isocyano Esters
Authors: Morana Fabio , Basso Andrea , Bella Marco , Riva Renata , Banfi Luca
Published: July 2012

The asymmetric addition of malonates to in situ generated N‐formylimines of aromatic aldehydes was achieved under phase‐transfer catalysis using Cinchona alkaloids‐derived quaternary ammonium salts. The resulting β‐formamidomalonates have been efficiently converted into β‐aryl‐β‐isocyano esters. Their utility in the multicomponent Ugi reaction with chiral cyclic imines has been demonstrated.
Synthesis of Bi‐ and Tricyclic 1,2‐Dihydroquinoline Derivatives from Arylamines and Alkynes by a Consecutive Zinc‐Ammonium Salt Catalysis
Authors: Purkait Nibadita , Blechert Siegfried
Published: July 2012

A relay catalysis of a cationic zinc complex and N,N‐dimethylaniline hydrotrifluoromethyl sulphonate induces a multiple CC bond and CN bond formation. The one‐step synthesis make highly substituted bi‐ and tricyclic 1,2‐dihydroquinoline derivatives easily available from simple starting materials. The high yielding process consists of several simultaneous operating steps.
Effect of composition and configuration on hindered diffusion of residue fractions through polycarbonate membranes
Authors: Chen Zhentao , Gao Jinsen , Zhao Suoqi , Xu Zhiming , Xu Chunming
Published: July 2012

Diffusion behavior of narrow fractions of three residues and subfractions of a residue through four polycarbonate membranes was investigated using a diaphragm cell at 308 K. The results show that the diffusivities of fractions with similar molecular weight behaved differently. Comparisons among SAR subfractions (saturates, aromatics, and resins) of the same fraction show that saturates has the largest diffusion coefficient, followed by aromatics, and then resins. The diffusion coefficients of fractions fall among that of their subfractions. The regular variation of diffusivity along with the properties for fractions with similar molecular weight is an indication of the difference in their diffusivities resulting from the difference in their compositions and structures. Hindrance factors of the subfractions through membranes with small pores have a similar variation trend as their diffusion coefficients. The hindrance factors of the feedstocks in 50 and 80 nm pore size membranes are mostly larger than 0.90, but the values in 15 nm membranes range from 0.55 to 0.81. The study not only indicates that the diffusional limitations are significant in pores with the typical hydrotreating catalyst size but composition and configuration have an effect on the hindered diffusion of residue molecules. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 1369–1377, 2013
Prevalence of hearing loss in the United States by industry
Authors: Masterson Elizabeth A. , Tak SangWoo , Themann Christa L. , Wall David K. , Groenewold Matthew R. , Deddens James A. , Calvert Geoffrey M.
Published: July 2012

Background

Twenty‐two million workers are exposed to hazardous noise in the United States. The purpose of this study is to estimate the prevalence of hearing loss among U.S. industries.

Methods

We examined 2000–2008 audiograms for male and female workers ages 18–65, who had higher occupational noise exposures than the general population. Prevalence and adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) for hearing loss were estimated and compared across industries.

Results

In our sample, 18% of workers had hearing loss. When compared with the Couriers and Messengers industry sub‐sector, workers employed in Mining (PR = 1.65, CI = 1.57–1.73), Wood Product Manufacturing (PR = 1.65, CL = 1.61–1.70), Construction of Buildings (PR = 1.52, CI = 1.45–1.59), and Real Estate and Rental and Leasing (PR = 1.59, CL = 1.51–1.68) had higher risks for hearing loss.

Conclusions

Workers in the Mining, Manufacturing, and Construction industries need better engineering controls for noise and stronger hearing conservation strategies. More hearing loss research is also needed within traditional “low‐risk” industries like Real Estate. Am. J. Ind. Med. 56:670–681, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Triumphs and tribulations of ΛCDM, the double dark theory
Authors: Primack J.R.
Published: July 2012

ΛCDM has become the standard cosmological model because its predictions agree so well with observations of the cosmic microwave background and the large‐scale structure of the universe. However ΛCDM has faced challenges on smaller scales. Some of these challenges, including the “angular momentum catastrophe” and the absence of density cusps in the centers of small galaxies, may be overcome with improvements in simulation resolution and feedback. Recent simulations appear to form realistic galaxies in agreement with observed scaling relations. Although dark matter halos start small and grow by accretion, the existence of a star‐forming band of halo masses naturally explains why the most massive galaxies have the oldest stars, a phenomenon known as known as galactic “downsizing.” The discovery of many faint galaxies in the Local Group is consistent with ΛCDM predictions, as is the increasing evidence for substructure in galaxy dark matter halos from gravitational lensing flux anomalies and gaps in cold stellar streams. However, the “too big to fail” (TBTF) problem challenges ΛCDM. It arose from analysis of the Acquarius and Via Lactea very high‐resolution ΛCDM simulations of dark matter halos like that of the Milky Way. Each simulated halo has ∼10 subhalos that were so massive and dense that they would be too big to fail to form lots of stars. The TBTF problem is that none of the observed satellite galaxies of the Milky Way or Andromeda have stars moving as fast as would be expected in these densest subhalos. This may indicate the need for a more complex theory of dark matter – or perhaps just better understanding of dark matter simulations and/or baryonic physics.
Application of ortho‐palladated homoveratrylamine complex containing mixed phosphorus–nitrogen donors in the Suzuki reaction
Authors: Hajipour Abdol R. , Rahimi Hannaneh , Rafiee Fatemeh
Published: July 2012

The catalytic activity of [Pd{C6H2(CH2CH2NH2)‐(OMe)2,3,4}Br(PPh3)] monomeric ortho‐palladated complex of homoveratrylamine and triphenylphosphine was investigated in the Suzuki cross‐coupling reaction of various aryl halides with aryl boronic acids. The substituted biaryls were produced in excellent yields using a catalytic amount of this complex in ethanol at 60°C. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physicochemical characterization of celluloses extracted from Esparto “Stipa tenacissima” of Eastern Morocco
Authors: El Idrissi Abderahmane , El Barkany Soufian , Amhamdi Hassan , Maaroufi Abdel‐Karim
Published: July 2012

Increasing ecological concerns have given rise to renewed interest in the use of natural materials, considering their renewability and possibility of disposal at the end of their life cycle without damage to the environment. In this study, we examined the isolation of cellulose from Esparto “Stipa tenacissima” of Eastern Morocco by two different ways; the first one using an acetic acid solution catalyzed by nitric acid. The objective is to determine the optimum amount of this catalyst needed to the extraction. The second way consists to study the cellulose extraction with change of the alkaline solution concentration in order to choose the required value. The cellulosic samples were characterized by FT‐IR spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction, the morphology of the isolated fibers was investigated by optical microscopy. Thermal analysis (DT‐TGA) were carried out to study the thermal behavior of the cellulose isolated compared with the control sample. The degree of polymerization (DP) of the samples extracted is estimated from the intrinsic viscosity value using the Mark‐Houwink equation in two different solutions (DMAc/9%LiCl) and (6%NaOH/4%urea/90%H2O). We have demonstrated that the extraction using an acetic acid solution has been very successful by adding 2% in volume of nitric acid (HNO3). However, the extraction process using an alkaline solution (NaOH; 1M) is preferable because of the absence of acetylating reaction and the high purity and the nondegradation of the resulted fibers. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Efficacy of artificial refuge to enhance survival of young Barrens topminnows exposed to western mosquitofish
Authors: Westhoff Jacob T. , Watts Allison V. , Mattingly Hayden T.
Published: July 2012

Artificial refugia have been implemented in freshwater and marine systems to increase structural complexity and achieve a variety of fisheries management goals. The use of artificial refuge to promote coexistence between an invasive species and a native species has not been widely studied but may serve as a viable management option.

Range expansion of the invasive western mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis, across the Barrens Plateau of Tennessee has contributed to local extirpations of the native Barrens topminnow, Fundulus julisia, from parts of its historic range. Recent laboratory and field observations suggest that young topminnows may be vulnerable to injury from, or predation by, mosquitofish in the wild.

In this study, an artificial refuge was tested in the laboratory and in situ to determine if it could increase survival, growth, or recruitment of juvenile topminnows exposed to mosquitofish.

Adult topminnows and small mosquitofish caused negligible mortality to juvenile topminnows regardless of refuge presence in the laboratory trial. However, topminnow 20‐day survival in the presence of large mosquitofish was 13% when refuge was present and 7% when refuge was absent. Juvenile topminnow growth did not differ among treatments indicating that the addition of refuge or the type of potential antagonist did not significantly affect topminnow growth.

Field trial results showed no statistical differences in the number of juvenile topminnows captured at sites with refuges and those without, except during July sampling. In both trials, juvenile topminnows were observed to use the refuges, but no evidence exists that would indicate refuges are a feasible management tool for promoting the coexistence of topminnows with mosquitofish. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Glycoprotein 96 perpetuates the persistent inflammation of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Huang Qi‐Quan , Koessler Renee E. , Birkett Robert , Dorfleutner Andrea , Perlman Harris , Haines G. Kenneth , Stehlik Christian , Nicchitta Christopher V. , Pope Richard M.
Published: July 2012

Objective

The mechanisms that contribute to the persistent activation of macrophages in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are incompletely understood. The aim of this study was to determine the contribution of endogenous gp96 in Toll‐like receptor (TLR)–mediated macrophage activation in RA.

Methods

RA synovial fluid was used to activate macrophages and HEK–TLR‐2 and HEK–TLR‐4 cells. Neutralizing antibodies to TLR‐2, TLR‐4, and gp96 were used to inhibit activation. RA synovial fluid macrophages were isolated by CD14 negative selection. Cell activation was measured by the expression of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) or interleukin‐8 messenger RNA. Arthritis was induced in mice by K/BxN serum transfer. The expression of gp96 was determined by immunoblot analysis, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and immunohistochemistry. Arthritis was treated with neutralizing anti‐gp96 antiserum or control serum.

Results

RA synovial fluid induced the activation of macrophages and HEK–TLR‐2 and HEK–TLR‐4 cells. RA synovial fluid–induced macrophage and HEK–TLR‐2 activation was suppressed by neutralizing anti‐gp96 antibodies only in the presence of high (>800 ng/ml) rather than low (<400 ng/ml) concentrations of gp96. Neutralization of RA synovial fluid macrophage cell surface gp96 inhibited the constitutive expression of TNFα. Supporting the role of gp96 in RA, joint tissue gp96 expression was induced in mice with the K/BxN serum–induced arthritis, and neutralizing antibodies to gp96 ameliorated joint inflammation, as determined by clinical and histologic examination.

Conclusion

These observations support the notion that gp96 plays a role as an endogenous TLR‐2 ligand in RA and identify the TLR‐2 pathway as a therapeutic target.
Brief Report: Effect of ambrisentan treatment on exercise‐induced pulmonary hypertension in systemic sclerosis: A prospective single‐center, open‐label pilot study
Authors: Saggar Rajeev , Khanna D. , Shapiro S. , Furst D. E. , Maranian P. , Clements P. , Abtin F. , Dua Shiv , Belperio J. , Saggar Rajan
Published: July 2012

Objective

Exercise‐induced pulmonary hypertension (ePH) may represent an early, clinically relevant phase in the spectrum of pulmonary vascular disease. The purpose of this pilot study was to describe the changes in hemodynamics and exercise capacity in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) spectrum–associated ePH treated with open‐label daily ambrisentan.

Methods

Patients were treated with ambrisentan, 5 mg or 10 mg once daily, for 24 weeks. At baseline and 24 weeks, patients with SSc spectrum disorders exercised in a supine position, on a lower extremity cycle ergometer. All patients had normal hemodynamics at rest. We defined baseline ePH as a mean pulmonary artery pressure of >30 mm Hg with maximum exercise and a transpulmonary gradient (TPG) of >15 mm Hg. The primary end point was change in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) with exercise. Secondary end points included an improvement from baseline in 6‐minute walking distance, health‐related quality of life assessments, and cardiopulmonary hemodynamics.

Results

Of the 12 enrolled patients, 11 completed the study. At 24 weeks there were improvements in mean exercise PVR (85.8 dynes × second/cm5; P = 0.003) and mean distance covered during 6‐minute walk (44.5 meters; P = 0.0007). Improvements were also observed in mean exercise cardiac output (1.4 liters/minute; P = 0.006), mean pulmonary artery pressure (−4.1 mm Hg; P = 0.02), and total pulmonary resistance (−93.0 dynes × seconds/cm5; P = 0.0008). Three patients developed resting pulmonary arterial hypertension during the 24 weeks.

Conclusion

Exercise hemodynamics and exercise capacity in patients with SSc spectrum–associated ePH improved over 24 weeks with exposure to ambrisentan. Placebo‐controlled studies are needed to confirm whether this is a drug‐related effect and to determine optimal therapeutic regimens for patients with ePH.
Design of Robust Predictive Control Laws Using Set Membership Identified Models
Authors: Canale M. , Fagiano L. , Signorile M.C.
Published: July 2012

This paper investigates the robust design of nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) laws that employ approximated models, derived directly from process input‐output data. In particular, a nonlinear set membership (NSM) identification technique is used to obtain a system model and a bound of the related uncertainty. The latter is used to carry out a robust control design, via a min‐max formulation of the optimal control problem underlying the NMPC methodology. A numerical example with a nonlinear oscillator shows the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Statistical inference in massive data sets
Authors: Li Runze , Lin Dennis K.J. , Li Bing
Published: July 2012

Analysis of massive data sets is challenging owing to limitations of computer primary memory. In this paper, we propose an approach to estimate population parameters from a massive data set. The proposed approach significantly reduces the required amount of primary memory, and the resulting estimate will be as efficient if the entire data set was analyzed simultaneously. Asymptotic properties of the resulting estimate are studied, and the asymptotic normality of the resulting estimator is established. The standard error formula for the resulting estimate is proposed and empirically tested; thus, statistical inference for parameters of interest can be performed. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is illustrated using simulation studies and an Internet traffic data example. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reduction in Valproic Acid–Induced Neural Tube Defects by Maternal Immune Stimulation: Role of Apoptosis
Authors: Mallela Mural , Hrubec Theresa
Published: July 2012

Teratogenic deregulation of apoptosis during development is a possible mechanism for birth defects. Administration of valproic acid (VA) during first trimester of pregnancy causes neural tube defects (NTDs). Nonspecific stimulation of the mother's immune system has been shown to reduce various teratogen‐induced fetal malformations including NTDs in rodents. This present study investigated the role of reduced apoptosis by maternal immune stimulation in prevention of VA‐induced NTDs in CD‐1 mice. Prevention of VA‐induced NTDs by nonspecific maternal immune stimulation using IFNγ was employed to evaluate the role of reduced apoptosis by IFNγ in this protective mechanism. Apoptosis was quantified using flow cytometry. Terminal Transferase dUTP Nick End Labeling assay was used to localize the apoptosis. Increased apoptosis, suggesting involvement in VA teratogenicity, was observed along the neural tube in both normal and abnormal embryos from VA‐exposed dams. Increased apoptosis in normal VA‐exposed embryos suggests that VA may alter other cellular processes such as cell proliferation and differentiation in addition to apoptosis. Apoptotic levels in embryos with closed neural tubes from IFNγ + VA dams were similar to controls indicating resistance to VA‐induced apoptosis and protection against teratogenicity of VA. In IFNγ + VA exposed embryos with open neural tubes, maternal immune stimulation failed to regulate apoptosis resulting in an NTD. Overall, these results suggest that VA alters several biological processes including apoptosis in the developing embryos to induce fetal malformations. Resistance to VA‐induced apoptosis in embryos resulting from maternal immune stimulation may be involved in protective mechanism.
The genome in space and time: Does form always follow function?
Authors: Duan Zhijun , Blau Carl Anthony
Published: July 2012

Recent systematic studies using newly developed genomic approaches have revealed common mechanisms and principles that underpin the spatial organization of eukaryotic genomes and allow them to respond and adapt to diverse functional demands. Genomes harbor, interpret, and propagate genetic and epigenetic information, and the three‐dimensional (3D) organization of genomes in the nucleus should be intrinsically linked to their biological functions. However, our understanding of the mechanisms underlying both the topological organization of genomes and the various nuclear processes is still largely incomplete. In this essay, we focus on the functional relevance as well as the biophysical properties of common organizational themes in genomes (e.g. looping, clustering, compartmentalization, and dynamics), and examine the interconnection between genome structure and function from this angle. Present evidence supports the idea that, in general, genome architecture reflects and influences genome function, and is relatively stable. However, the answer as to whether genome architecture is a hallmark of cell identity remains elusive.
A new dynamic model for highly efficient mass transfer in aerated bioreactors and consequences for kLa identification
Authors: Müller Stefan , Murray Douglas B. , Machne Rainer
Published: July 2012

Gas–liquid mass transfer is often rate‐limiting in laboratory and industrial cultures of aerobic or autotrophic organisms. The volumetric mass transfer coefficient kLa is a crucial characteristic for comparing, optimizing, and upscaling mass transfer efficiency of bioreactors. Reliable dynamic models and resulting methods for parameter identification are needed for quantitative modeling of microbial growth dynamics. We describe a laboratory‐scale stirred tank reactor (STR) with a highly efficient aeration system (kLa ≈ 570 h−1). The reactor can sustain yeast culture with high cell density and high oxygen uptake rate, leading to a significant drop in gas concentration from inflow to outflow (by 21%). Standard models fail to predict the observed mass transfer dynamics and to identify kLa correctly. In order to capture the concentration gradient in the gas phase, we refine a standard ordinary differential equation (ODE) model and obtain a system of partial integro‐differential equations (PIDE), for which we derive an approximate analytical solution. Specific reactor configurations, in particular a relatively short bubble residence time, allow a quasi steady‐state approximation of the PIDE system by a simpler ODE model which still accounts for the concentration gradient. Moreover, we perform an appropriate scaling of all variables and parameters. In particular, we introduce the dimensionless overall efficiency κ, which is more informative than kLa since it combines the effects of gas inflow, exchange, and solution. Current standard models of mass transfer in laboratory‐scale aerated STRs neglect the gradient in the gas concentration, which arises from highly efficient bubbling systems and high cellular exchange rates. The resulting error in the identification of κ (and hence kLa) increases dramatically with increasing mass transfer efficiency. Notably, the error differs between cell‐free and culture‐based methods of parameter identification, potentially confounding the determination of the “biological enhancement” of mass transfer. Our new model provides an improved theoretical framework that can be readily applied to aerated bioreactors in research and biotechnology. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109: 2997–3006. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Observing and modeling BMCC degradation by commercial cellulase cocktails with fluorescently labeled Trichoderma reseii Cel7A through confocal microscopy
Authors: Luterbacher Jeremy S. , Walker Larry P. , Moran‐Mirabal Jose M.
Published: July 2012

Understanding the depolymerization mechanisms of cellulosic substrates by cellulase cocktails is a critical step towards optimizing the production of monosaccharides from biomass. The Spezyme CP cellulase cocktail combined with the Novo 188 β‐glucosidase blend was used to depolymerize bacterial microcrystalline cellulose (BMCC), which was immobilized on a glass surface. The enzyme mixture was supplemented with a small fraction of fluorescently labeled Trichoderma reseii Cel7A, which served as a reporter to track cellulase binding onto the physical structure of the cellulosic substrate. Both micro‐scale imaging and bulk experiments were conducted. All reported experiments were conducted at 50°C, the optimal temperature for maximum hydrolytic activity of the enzyme cocktail. BMCC structure was observed throughout degradation by labeling it with a fluorescent dye. This method allowed us to measure the binding of cellulases in situ and follow the temporal morphological changes of cellulose during its depolymerization by a commercial cellulase mixture. Three kinetic models were developed and fitted to fluorescence intensity data obtained through confocal microscopy: irreversible and reversible binding models, and an instantaneous binding model. The models were successfully used to predict the soluble sugar concentrations that were liberated from BMCC in bulk experiments. Comparing binding and kinetic parameters from models with different assumptions to previously reported constants in the literature led us to conclude that exposing new binding sites is an important rate‐limiting step in the hydrolysis of crystalline cellulose. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 108–117. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of wound dressings in the prevention of surgical-site infections in surgical wounds healing by primary intention
Authors: Walter C J , Dumville J C , Sharp C A , Page T
Published: July 2012

Background

Postoperative surgical-site infections are a major source of morbidity and cost. This study aimed to identify and present all randomized controlled trial evidence evaluating the effects of dressings on surgical-site infection rates in surgical wounds healing by primary intention; the secondary outcomes included comparisons of pain, scar and acceptability between dressings.

Methods

Randomized controlled trials comparing alternative wound dressings, or wound dressings with leaving wounds exposed for postoperative management of surgical wounds were included in the review regardless of their language. Databases searched included the Cochrane Wounds Group Specialised Register and Central Register of Controlled Trials, Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase and EBSCO CINAHL from inception to May 2011. Two authors performed study selection, risk of bias assessment and data extraction, including an assessment of surgical contamination according to the surgical procedure. Where levels of clinical and statistical heterogeneity permitted, data were pooled for meta-analysis.

Results

Sixteen controlled trials with 2594 participants examining a range of wound contamination levels were included. They were all unclear or at high risk of bias. There was no evidence that any dressing significantly reduced surgical-site infection rates compared with any other dressing or leaving the wound exposed. Furthermore, no significant differences in pain, scarring or acceptability were seen between the dressings.

Conclusion

No difference in surgical-site infection rates was demonstrated between surgical wounds covered with different dressings and those left uncovered. No difference was seen in pain, scar or acceptability between dressings.
Targeting Tumour Proliferation with a Small‐Molecule Inhibitor of AICAR Transformylase Homodimerization
Authors: Spurr Ian B. , Birts Charles N. , Cuda Francesco , Benkovic Stephen J. , Blaydes Jeremy P. , Tavassoli Ali
Published: July 2012

Aminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleotide transformylase/ inosine monophosphate cyclohydrolase (ATIC) is a bifunctional homodimeric enzyme that catalyzes the last two steps of de novo purine biosynthesis. Homodimerization of ATIC, a protein–protein interaction with an interface of over 5000 Å2, is required for its aminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) transformylase activity, with the active sites forming at the interface of the interacting proteins. Here, we report the development of a small‐molecule inhibitor of AICAR transformylase that functions by preventing the homodimerization of ATIC. The compound is derived from a previously reported cyclic hexapeptide inhibitor of AICAR transformylase (with a Ki of 17 μM), identified by high‐throughput screening. The active motif of the cyclic peptide is identified as an arginine‐tyrosine dipeptide, a capped analogue of which inhibits AICAR transformylase with a Ki value of 84 μM. A library of nonnatural analogues of this dipeptide was designed, synthesized, and assayed. The most potent compound inhibits AICAR transformylase with a Ki value of 685 nM, a 25‐fold improvement in activity from the parent cyclic peptide. The potential for this AICAR transformylase inhibitor in cancer therapy was assessed by studying its effect on the proliferation of a model breast cancer cell line. Using a nonradioactive proliferation assay and live cell imaging, a dose‐dependent reduction in cell numbers and cell division rates was observed in cells treated with our ATIC dimerization inhibitor.
Recurrent dyspnea following multiple ablations for atrial fibrillation explained by the “stiff left atrial syndrome”
Authors: Witt Chance , Powell Brian , Holmes David , Alli Oluseun
Published: July 2012

We present the case of a patient who underwent repeated ablations for atrial fibrillation and presented with recurrent dyspnea, elevated left atrial pressure with large V waves in the absence of mitral regurgitation. This case provides an example of “stiff left atrial syndrome” as has been described in patients with mitral valve replacement and only recently in patients with radiofrequency ablations for atrial fibrillation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Systematic Multi‐Scale Model Development Strategy for the Fragrance Spraying Process and Transport
Authors: Heitzig M. , Rong Y. , Gregson C. , Sin G. , Gani R.
Published: July 2012

The fast and efficient development and application of reliable models with appropriate degree of detail to predict the behavior of fragrance aerosols are challenging problems of high interest to the related industries. A generic modeling template for the systematic derivation of specific fragrance aerosol models is proposed. The main benefits of the fragrance spraying template are the speed‐up of the model development/derivation process, the increase in model quality, and the provision of structured domain knowledge where needed. The fragrance spraying template is integrated in a generic computer‐aided modeling framework, which is structured based on workflows for different general modeling tasks. The benefits of the fragrance spraying template are highlighted by a case study related to the derivation of a fragrance aerosol model that is able to reflect measured dynamic droplet size distribution profiles for limonene.
Hydrogen‐Bonding‐Mediated Vesicular Assembly of Functionalized Naphthalene–Diimide‐Based Bolaamphiphile and Guest‐Induced Gelation in Water
Authors: Molla Mijanur Rahaman , Ghosh Suhrit
Published: July 2012

This paper describes the spontaneous vesicular assembly of a naphthalene–diimide (NDI)‐based non‐ionic bolaamphiphile in aqueous medium by using the synergistic effects of π‐stacking and hydrogen bonding. Site isolation of the hydrogen‐bonding functionality (hydrazide), a strategy that has been adopted so elegantly in nature, has been executed in this system to protect these moieties from the bulk water so that the distinct role of hydrogen bonding in the self‐assembly of hydrazide‐functionalized NDI building blocks could be realized, even in aqueous solution. Furthermore, the electron‐deficient NDI‐based bolaamphiphile could engage in donor–acceptor (D–A) charge‐transfer (CT) interactions with a water‐insoluble electron‐rich pyrene donor by virtue of intercalation of the latter chromophore in between two NDI building blocks. Remarkably, even when pyrene was located between two NDI blocks, intermolecular hydrogen‐bonding networks between the NDI‐linked hydrazide groups could be retained. However, time‐dependent AFM studies revealed that the radius of curvature of the alternately stacked D–A assembly increased significantly, thereby leading to intervesicular fusion, which eventually resulted in rupturing of the membrane to form 1D fibers. Such 2D‐to‐1D morphological transition produced CT‐mediated hydrogels at relatively higher concentrations. Instead of pyrene, when a water‐soluble carboxylate‐functionalized pyrene derivative was used as the intercalator, non‐covalent tunable in‐situ surface‐functionalization could be achieved, as evidenced by the zeta‐potential measurements.
Photoswitchable, DNA‐Binding Helical Peptides Assembled with Two Independently Designed Sequences for Photoregulation and DNA Recognition
Authors: Fujimoto Kazuhisa , Kajino Masaoki , Sakaguchi Ikumi , Inouye Masahiko
Published: July 2012

Diarylethene‐bridged peptides were developed to photoregulate biomolecular interactions. The peptides are made up of diarylethene‐bridged and DNA‐binding regions at their N‐ and C termini, respectively. The two regions could be independently designed and combined as desired. The α‐helicities of the peptides were photoregulated in on/off or off/on manners, and the manner depended on the positions of two ornithine (Orn) residues for cross‐linking reaction at the diarylethene‐bridged region. In the case of the on/off manner, when the diarylethene structure adopted the open form on the peptides, the peptides folded into stable α‐helices. Upon UV irradiation, the diarylethene moiety isomerized to its closed form to destabilize the helical structures. Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) analysis showed that the open isomer strongly associated with a target DNA, as compared with the closed one. When the closed‐form peptide existing in the DNA complex was irradiated with a fluorescent lamp in the middle of the QCM monitoring, the frequency change (ΔF) was enhanced by the diarylethene photoisomerization.
ChemInform Abstract: Polychloride Monoanions from [Cl3]‐ to [Cl9]‐: A Raman Spectroscopic and Quantum Chemical Investigation.
Authors: Brueckner Robin , Haller Heike , Ellwanger Mathias , Riedel Sebastian
Published: July 2012

Polychloride monoanions [Cln]‐ (n = 3, 5, 7, 9) stabilized by quaternary ammonium salts are obtained through the addition or condensation of an excess of dry chlorine to [NMe4]Cl, [NEt4]Cl, [NPr4]Cl, or [NBu4]Cl and characterized by Raman spectroscopy and state‐of‐the‐art quantum chemical calculations up to the CCSD(T) level.
ChemInform Abstract: Boron Site Preference in Ternary Ta and Nb Boron Silicides.
Authors: Khan Atta U. , Nunes Carlos A. , Coelho Gilberto C. , Suzuki Paulo A. , Grytsiv Andriy , Bourree Francoise , Giester Gerald , Rogl Peter F.
Published: July 2012

The crystal structures of the ternary compounds in the metal‐rich part of the systems Nb—B—Si and Ta—B—Si are characterized by single crystal XRD or neutron powder diffraction to elucidate boron site preference.
ChemInform Abstract: Niobium(V) Oxynitride: Synthesis, Characterization, and Feasibility as Anode Material for Rechargeable Lithium‐Ion Batteries.
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Jun , Krumeich Frank , Woerle Michael , Nesper Reinhard , Jantsky Laurent , Fjellvaag Helmer
Published: July 2012

NbO1.3N0.7 particles with about 5 mm diameter are synthesized by decomposition of NbOCl3(NH3)4.
ChemInform Abstract: Li2Sr4B12O23: A New Alkali and Alkaline‐Earth Metal Mixed Borate with [B10O18]6‐ Network and Isolated [B2O5]4‐ Unit.
Authors: Zhang Min , Pan Shilie , Han Jian , Yang Zhihua , Su Xin , Zhao Wenwu
Published: July 2012

The title compound is synthesized by solid state reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of Li2CO3, SrCO3, and H3BO3 (710 °C, 60 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of Li2In2MQ6 (M: Si, Ge; Q: S, Se): A New Series of IR Nonlinear Optical Materials.
Authors: Yin Wenlong , Feng Kai , Hao Wenyu , Yao Jiyong , Wu Yicheng
Published: July 2012

The isostructural compounds (III) crystallize in the noncentrosymmetric monoclinic space group Cc with Z = 4 (Cd4GeS6‐type structure; single crystal XRD).
ChemInform Abstract: A5Sn2As6 (A: Sr, Eu). Synthesis, Crystal and Electronic Structure, and Thermoelectric Properties.
Authors: Wang Jian , Xia Sheng‐Qing , Tao Xu‐Tang
Published: July 2012

The new ternary title Zintl phases of title are synthesized from the elements using Sn as a self‐flux (alumina crucible, 900 °C, 24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Re‐Evaluating the Nucleophilicity of Zinc Enolates in Alkylation Reactions.
Authors: Jarugumilli Gopala K. , Zhu Chunyin , Cook Silas P.
Published: July 2012

The allylic and benzylic alkylation of zinc enolates, generated by asymmetric copper‐catalyzed conjugate addition of dialkylzinc (II) towards cyclic enones (I), with various electrophiles is described.
ChemInform Abstract: New Heterocyclic Compounds from 1,2,4‐Triazole and 1,3,4‐Thiadiazole Class Bearing Diphenylsulfone Moieties. Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity Evaluation.
Authors: Barbuceanu Stefania‐Felicia , Saramet Gabriel , Almajan Gabriela Laura , Draghici Constantin , Barbuceanu Florica , Bancescu Gabriela
Published: July 2012

All products are screened for their antimicrobial potency.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Trinitromethyl‐ and Dinitromethyl‐Substituted Azoles Using Nitrate Salts in Sulfuric Acid.
Authors: Thottempudi Venugopal , Shreeve Jean'ne M.
Published: July 2012

A mild and efficient mixture consisting of inorganic nitrates/conc.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient and Chemoselective Deprotection of tert‐Butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS) Ethers Using Tailor‐Made Ionic Liquid.
Authors: Jadhav Vinod H. , Lee Sang Bong , Jeong Hwan‐Jeong , Lim Seok Tae , Sohn Myung‐Hee , Kim Dong Wook
Published: July 2012

Various substrates bearing 2 protecting ‐OH functions are subjected to conditions A).
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of (R)‐ and (S)‐1‐2H‐1‐Octanol and Their Corresponding Amines
Authors: Balkenende Diederik W. R. , Cantekin Seda , Duxbury Christopher J. , van Genderen Marcel H. P. , Meijer E. W. , Palmans Anja R. A.
Published: July 2012

involving the direct enzymatic reduction of octanal using alcohol dehydrogenases as biocatalyst and NADHP as cofactor in deuterated iPrOH as key step
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Effect and Recyclability of Imidazolium‐Tagged Bis(oxazoline) Based Catalysts in Asymmetric Henry Reactions.
Authors: Zhou Zhi‐Ming , Li Zhi‐Huai , Hao Xiao‐Yan , Zhang Jun , Dong Xiao , Liu Ying‐Qiang , Sun Wen‐Wen , Cao Dan , Wang Jin‐Liang
Published: July 2012

The new bisoxazoline promotes the reaction of a number of aldehydes with nitromethane and nitroethane.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot, Direct Synthesis of Acyl Azides from Carboxylic Acids Using Ph2PCl/I2/NaN3 Reagent System.
Authors: Nowrouzi Najmeh , Jonaghani Mohammad Zareh
Published: July 2012

The reaction proceeds with aromatic as well as aliphatic carboxylic acids using low‐toxic reagents and providing easy work‐up.
ChemInform Abstract: Ireland—Claisen Rearrangement of Secondary Allyl Acetate Revisited: Inevitable C‐Silylation Circumvented by One‐Pot Application of Excessive LDA/TMSCl and TBAF.
Authors: Liu Di , Yu Xiaoming
Published: July 2012

Optimized conditions A) allow the preparation of mixtures which contain the desired unsaturated rearranged acids and silylated analogues of type (III), where the latter are generally formed with higher yields.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Cyanomethylation of Aldehydes with TMSAN.
Authors: Fan Ye‐Cheng , Du Guang‐Fen , Sun Wan‐Fu , Kang Wei , He Lin
Published: July 2012

A broad spectrum of aromatic aldehydes, 2 aliphatic aldehydes and ketone (VI) are subjected to the title reaction to produce the synthetically important building blocks with moderate to good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium Nanoparticle Catalysis: Borylation of Aryl and Benzyl Halides and One‐Pot Biaryl Synthesis via Sequential Borylation—Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling.
Authors: Bej Ansuman , Srimani Dipankar , Sarkar Amitabha
Published: July 2012

Benzyl and aryl halides (I) and (IV) react readily with bis(pinacolato)diboron (II) in the presence of in situ generated palladium nanoparticles as catalyst and potassium acetate as a base.
ChemInform Abstract: CuSO4·5H2O: A Novel, Green, Reusable, and Environmentally Friendly Catalyst for the One‐Pot, Four‐Component Synthesis of β‐Acetamido Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Behbahani Farahnaz K. , Doragi Neda , Heravi Majid M.
Published: July 2012

Advantages of the title procedure are easy and safe handling, no toxicity, reusability of the catalyst and easy work‐up.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of Chiral Propargylic Alcohols Catalyzed by Bifunctional Zinc‐Based Complexes.
Authors: Lu Xinhua , Xie Guanlei , Li Tingyi , Qu Xiaoming , Mao Jincheng
Published: July 2012

The AAS ligand is also tested in an asymmetric Henry reaction and a Michael addition, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Expedient Synthesis of Highly Substituted Pyrroles via Tandem Rearrangement of α‐Diazo Oxime Ethers.
Authors: Jiang Yaojia , Chan Wei Chuen , Park Cheol‐Min
Published: July 2012

Under rhodium‐catalysis and at the appropriate reaction temperature, the title oxime ethers of type (I) bearing a vinylcarbonyl moiety are transformed to highly substituted pyrroles.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Trisubstituted Isoxazoles by Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Cascade Cyclization—Alkenylation of 2‐Alkyn‐1‐one O‐Methyl Oximes.
Authors: She Zhigang , Niu Dongyue , Chen Lei , Gunawan Maria A. , Shanja Xhesika , Hersh William H. , Chen Yu
Published: July 2012

The method represents a new, convenient, and widely applicable approach to the target compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereodefined N,O‐Acetals: Pd‐Catalyzed Synthesis from Homopropargylic Amines and Utility in the Flexible Synthesis of 2,6‐Substituted Piperidines.
Authors: Kim Haejin , Rhee Young Ho
Published: July 2012

A chiral ligand‐directed approach is used to obtain the N,O‐acetals as precursors for the target chiral tetrahydropyridines.
ChemInform Abstract: A Microwave‐Assisted Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction on a Quinoline System: The Synthesis of Amino Analogues of Nitroxoline.
Authors: Stefane Bogdan , Pozgan Franc , Sosic Izidor , Gobec Stanislav
Published: July 2012

It is demonstrated that a cyanomethoxy moiety serves as an efficient leaving group in nucleophilic aromatic substitution of the 5‐nitroquinoline system with primary and secondary amines.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Asymmetric 1,4‐Addition of Aldehydes to Acridiniums Catalyzed by a Diarylprolinol Silyl Ether.
Authors: Liang Tao , Xiao Jian , Xiong Zhiyi , Li Xingwei
Published: July 2012

The title reaction allows an efficient and highly enantioselective access to 9‐substituted acridines such as (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent‐Free and Efficient Synthesis of Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine Derivatives via a One‐Pot Three‐Component Reaction.
Authors: Wen Li‐Rong , Li Zhao‐Rui , Li Ming , Cao Han
Published: July 2012

A variety of trans‐imidazopyridine derivatives (IV) (25 examples) is readily prepared by a three‐component reaction of five‐membered ketene aminals (I) with aldehydes (II) and dithioates (III) under solvent‐free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 5‐Fluorovinyl Derivatives of Pyrimidines via Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling and Their 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions with Nitrones.
Authors: Wojtowicz‐Rajchel Hanna , Koroniak Henryk
Published: July 2012

This simple synthesis of a new class of isoxazolidine derivatives is based on the reaction of fluorovinyl pyrimidines (III), which are obtained by Suzuki—Miyaura coupling, with nitrones (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Switchable Selectivity in Multicomponent Heterocyclizations of Acetoacetamides, Aldehydes, and 3‐Amino‐1,2,4‐triazoles/5‐aminopyrazoles.
Authors: Muravyova Elena A. , Desenko Sergey M. , Rudenko Roman V. , Shishkina Svetlana V. , Shishkin Oleg V. , Sen'ko Yulia V. , Vashchenko Elena V. , Chebanov Valentin A.
Published: July 2012

The direction of the process depends on the temperature regime and on the structure of the starting materials.
ChemInform Abstract: Substitution at C‐4 in 3,5‐Disubstituted 4H‐1,2,6‐Thiadiazin‐4‐ones.
Authors: Ioannidou Heraklidia A. , Koutentis Panayiotis A.
Published: July 2012

The absorption properties of the compounds (I), (V), (VIII), (X), (XI), and (XIII) are investigated in CH2Cl2.
ChemInform Abstract: Sesquiterpenoids from Atractylodes macrocephala Act as Farnesoid X Receptor and Progesterone Receptor Modulators.
Authors: Tsai Chia‐Jui , Liang Jui‐Wei , Lin Hsiang‐Ru
Published: July 2012

Atractylenolide II (Ia) and III (Ib) act both as farnesoid X receptor (FXR) antagonists and (Ib) also behaves as progesterone receptor (PR) agonist.
ChemInform Abstract: HSAB‐Driven Regioselectivity Difference in the Lewis Acid Catalyzed Reactions of 2‐C‐Substituted Glycals with Sulfur and Oxygen Nucleophiles: Direct versus Allylic Substitution.
Authors: Nagaraj Paramathevar , Ramesh Namakkal G.
Published: July 2012

The reaction of 2‐C‐substituted glycals with thiophenols leads to preferential formation of a new class of compounds viz.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Antifouling Alkaloid from Halotolerant Fungus Penicillium sp. OUCMDZ‐776.
Authors: He Fei , Liu Zhong , Yang Jing , Fu Peng , Peng Jiang , Zhu Wei‐Ming , Qi Shu‐Hua
Published: July 2012

Penispirolloid A (I) exhibits significant effects toward Bugula neritina larvae.
ChemInform Abstract: Acetylenic Acid Analogues from the Edible Mushroom Chanterelle (Cantharellus cibarius) and Their Effects on the Gene Expression of Peroxisome Proliferator‐Activated Receptor‐γ Target Genes.
Authors: Hong Seong Su , Lee Ji Hae , Jeong Wonsik , Kim Nahyun , Jin Hui Zi , Hwang Bang Yeon , Lee Hak‐Ju , Lee Sung‐Joon , Jang Dae Sik , Lee Dongho
Published: July 2012

The new acetylenic acid (I) specifically activates peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR)‐γ with an EC50 value of 1.88 μM.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Phase‐Controlled Synthesis of Cu2FeSnS4 Nanocrystals with a Band Gap of Around 1.5 eV.
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyan , Bao Ningzhong , Ramasamy Karthik , Wang Yu‐Hsiang A. , Wang Yifeng , Lin Baoping , Gupta Arunava
Published: July 2012

Cu2FeSnS4 nanocrystals with the wurtzite structure are synthesized by quick injection of a mixture of 1‐dodecanethiol and tert‐dodecanethiol into a mixture of Cu(acac)2, Fe(acac)3, SnCl4, and oleylamine (210 °C, 30 min).