bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TROPONINO T KONCENTRACIJOS PADIDĖJIMAS, ESANT ASIMPTOMINIAM MIOKARDO PAŽEIDIMUI, BŪDINGAS CHIRURGINIAMS, NEFROLOGINIAMS IR KITIEMS SUNKIOS BŪSENOS PACIENTAMS
Authors: Petrauskienė Rita , Šapelienė Margarita , Kadišaitė Diana
Published: December 2014

Reikšminiai žodžiai: miokardo Infarktas (MI), troponinas T (TNT/TNTHS), ūmus koronarų sindromas (ACS), lėtinė inkstų liga (CKD), galutinės stadijos inkstų liga (ESRD), paratiroidinis hormonas (PTH), C reaktyvinis baltymas (CRB), glomerulų filtracijos greitis (GFG), Angiochirurgijos-anesteziologijos reanimacijos skyrius (AAR), Anesteziologijos-chirurgijos reanimacijos skyrius (ACHR), hemodializė (HD). Kiekvienais metais apie 200 milijonų suaugusių pacientų patiria nekardiologines operacijas, tačiau daugiau nei 10 milijonų šių pacientų 30 pooperacinių dienų laikotarpyje padidėja troponino koncentracija. Troponino koncentracijos padidėjimas pastebimas intensyviosios terapijos skyriuose gydomiems pacientams, taip pat pacientams, kuriems diagnozuotas sepsis arba sisteminio uždegimo sindromas, plaučių arterijos embolija. TNT koncentracijos pikas šiais atvejais buvo žemesnis ir padidė- jimo trukmė trumpesnė nei ūmaus MI atveju. Padidinta TNT koncentracija, lydinti lėtines inkstų ligas, yra blogas prognostinis rodiklis. Šie ligoniai tapo nauju iššūkiu kardiologams, nes širdies kraujagyslių patologija – dažniausia mirties priežastis tarp ESRD pacientų. Aprašyti ir susisteminti biocheminių žymenų kitimai pacientams, kurie gydėsi Vilniaus miesto klinikinėje ligoninėje. Duomenų imtį sudaro: 2012 metais – 3 856 ir 2013 metais – 4 411 pacientų. Apibendrinant šio tyrimo rezultatus galima teigti, kad TNT yra greitai ištiriamas, jautrus, pasižymintis prognostinėmis savybėmis klinikinės chemijos žymuo. Šis tyrimas naudingas ir reikalingas sprendžiant apie paciento būseną ir prognozę ne tik kardiologiniams ligoniams, bet taip pat chirurginiams, nefrologiniams ir kitiems sunkios būsenos pacientams
GAUSUS MENSTRUACINIS KRAUJAVIMAS REPRODUKCINIU MOTERS GYVENIMO LAIKOTARPIU: KAIP IŠVENGTI GIMDOS PAŠALINIMO OPERACIJOS
Authors: Ožalinskaitė Agnė , Drąsutienė Gražina Stanislava , Arlauskienė Audronė
Published: December 2014

Reikšminiai žodžiai: gausus menstruacinis kraujavimas, intrauterininė sistema su levonorgestreliu, endometriumo abliacija, NovaSure tinklelis. Gausus menstruacinis kraujavimas – dažna reprodukcinio amžiaus moteris varginanti problema, kuri pablogina moters fizinę, socialinę, emocinę ir/arba materialinę gyvenimo kokybę. Straipsnyje aptariami gausaus menstruacinio kraujavimo reprodukciniu moters gyvenimo laikotarpiu priežiūros ypatumai kasdieniame akušerių-ginekologų darbe bei apžvelgiami šios patologijos gydymo metodai. Nesant organinės gimdos patologijos, pagrindiniai gydymo metodai yra intrauterininė sistema su levonorgestreliu, hormoniniai medikamentai, gimdos pašalinimo operacija. Šiame straipsnyje taip pat pristatoma antros kartos endometriumo abliacija kaip alternatyva gimdos pašalinimo operacijai.
VAIKŲ SUNKIOS EIGOS PNEUMONIJA: KLINIKINIS ATVEJIS
Authors: Kalibatas Paulius , Radžiūnienė Violeta , Ėmužytė Regina , Dumčius Sigitas
Published: December 2014

Reikšminiai žodžiai: pneumonija, komplikacijos, vaikai. Pneumonija yra ūminis infekcinis plaučių audinio uždegimas, kai plaučių alveolės užsipildo uždegiminiu infiltratu bei skys- čiais ir yra sutrikdoma kraujo oksigenacija. Lietuvoje vaikų pneumonijų dažnis 2013 metais siekė 34,7 atvejo 1 000 gyventojų. Dauguma šių vaikų sėkmingai gydomi namuose. Ligoninėje gydomų vaikų visuomenėje įgytos pneumonijos dažnis yra labai skirtingas įvairiose šalyse – jis svyruoja nuo 9,5 iki 42 procentų, 2003 m. Lietuvoje šis skaičius siekė 37,3 proc. Šiaurės Europoje dėl bendruomenėje įgytos pneumonijos hospitalizuojama 14,4–14,7 atvejo iš 10 000 vaikų, o jaunesni iki 5 metų pacientai dėl šios ligos hospitalizuojami dvigubai dažniau – iki 32,8–33,8 atvejo 10 000 vaikų. Dažniausiai bakterinę pneumoniją reikėtų įtarti, kai vaikas daugiau nei parą karščiuoja > 38,5 °C ir kartu yra tachipnėja, dažnai kvėpavime dalyvauja pagalbiniai raumenys. Norint išvengti bakterinės infekcijos komplikacijų, visi vaikai su aiškia klinikine diagnoze turėtų gauti antibakterinį gydymą, nes nėra patikimų metodų, kuriais galima būtų atskirti virusinę pneumoniją nuo bakterinės. Straipsnyje pateikiamas sunkios eigos vaikų pneumonijos klinikinis atvejis, nagrinėjami šios ligos laboratorinės ir instrumentinės diagnostikos ryšiai. Šiuo konkrečiu atveju sunki ligos klinika ir ryškūs uždegiminiai pakitimai kraujyje mažai koreliavo su radiologinio tyrimo rezultatais. Santrumpos: VĮP – visuomenėje įgyta pneumonija, BKT – bendrasis kraujo tyrimas, CRB – C-reaktyvusis baltymas, CRBhs – C-reaktyvusis baltymas „high sensitivity“, HUS – hemolizinis ureminis sindromas, PCT – prokalcitoninas, ANG – ausų, nosies, gerklės
Regulação do Acesso de Fissurados Labiopalatais no Sistema Único de Saúde e o Controle Judicial
Authors: Mário Marques Fernandes  , Mara Rosângeles de Oliveira  , Leila Germany  , Claudia Fernandes Costa Zanini  , Marcia Falcão Fabrício  , Cristiane Schuller
Published: December 2014

A descentralização é um dos princípios da política de saúde brasileira, constituído de ações e serviços de saúde regionalizados e hierarquizados. A regulação possibilita a assistência mais adequada às necessidades do usuário de forma equânime, ordenada e qualificada, sendo passível de controle judicial. O presente trabalho objetiva relatar um caso onde foi requerida a regulação, via judicial, do acesso ao tratamento pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) de um paciente fissurado lábio-palatal. A abordagem realizada pelo Ministério Público permitiu melhor aplicação dos recursos públicos e a integralidade do atendimento à menor, conforme preconiza o SUS.
Rotina de Coleta de Amostras Biológicas Durante as Necropsias a Fim de Evitar Exumações
Authors: Manoel Francisco Campos Neto  , Jorge Paulete Vanrell  , Alessandra Paiva Puertas Alves
Published: December 2014

A maioria das identificações dos corpos de desconhecidos que são encaminhados ao IML de qualquer região do Brasil é feita por familiares, podendo haver erros por dolo ou por outros fatores, como a emoção momentânea. A documentação nem sempre tem fotos e quando há putrefação a identificação não é possível nem com a presença de uma foto. Após a liberação do corpo, havendo erro no registro da primeira identificação para a liberação do corpo para velório impõe-se exumação e necropsia para colheita de material para identificação laboratorial. A retificação documental deve ser precedida desta providência. Propor uma alternativa simples e econômica. Embora possam ser colhidas as impressões digitais até mesmo de cadáveres em putrefação, o exame de DNA é o mais aceito pelos operadores do Direito. A desgastante exumação e colheita de material poderiam ser substituídas por um procedimento simples e praticamente sem custos. Após a Inspeção Externa, o Médico Legista procede à lavagem com água corrente do local de colheita e com auxílio de uma pinça hemostática limpa e sem contaminantes retira uma “ilha” de cabelos do couro cabeludo do examinando, tendo o cuidado de arrancar as amostras com os seus “bulbos capilares”. A seguir, coloca o “tufo” de cabelos retirados sobre uma bancada limpa e seca, sem agentes contaminantes para que as amostras sequem à temperatura ambiente, para evitar crescimento de fungos contaminantes. Acondicionam-se os mesmos em envelope de papel ou plástico (idênticos aos que são usados para acondicionamento de fotos 3x4). Após, o envelope com as amostras já prontas é grampeado na parte interna do impresso da capa do Laudo (padrão na maioria dos IML), juntamente com todas as anotações preliminares. Quando terminado, será devidamente arquivado. No Laudo de necropsia informaremos que: “encontram-se em nossos arquivos amostras de fios de cabelos da vítima ora periciada para DNA, caso existam dúvidas na sua identificação”. A implantação desse método simples, prático e sem nenhum ônus para a coleta prévia e armazenagem de amostras biológicas, se aplicada em todos os serviços do Brasil, evitaria exumações desnecessárias para colheita de material e desencorajaria a fraude na identificação de desconhecidos. O método pode ser usado por médicos não legistas ou não médicos com dúvidas da identidade da pessoa para quem emitam o atestado de óbito.
Dados Preliminares sobre a Tabela de Vida Estática de Dermestes maculatus DeGeer, 1774 em Condições de Laboratório
Authors: Natalia Castejon Savordelli  , Afonso Pelli
Published: December 2014

Uma das áreas estudadas pela Entomologia Forense caracteriza-se pela identificação de insetos envolvidos na decomposição de cadáveres. O trabalho teve como objetivo construir uma tabela de vida estática para D. maculatus criado em laboratório com dieta de carne bovina. As amostras foram coletadas a partir da exposição de um pedaço de carne crua em área Urbana em Uberaba. Foram estabelecidas criações de manutenção de Dermestes maculatus, em sala com fotoperíodo natural. Uma amostra foi coletada aleatoriamente da criação massal e submetido à eutanásia por hipotermia em freezer à -20,0°C, posteriormente os estágios imaturos foram separados em frasco contendo álcool 70% para fixação. As larvas foram observadas e medidas em estereomicroscópio. Foram realizadas as medidas comprimento total; comprimento da cápsula cefálica, largura da cápsula cefálica e largura do mesotórax. Os dados obtidos indicaram uma taxa de mortalidade inicial elevada, com posterior redução, sendo a taxa de mortalidade relativamente constante, apresentando dois picos, o primeiro no t1 e o segundo no t2 e t3, observado na curva de sobrevivência. A análise da distribuição etária e sobrevivência podem determinar em conjunto o tempo necessário para a colonização de novos ambientes, podendo contribuir para o estabelecimento de padrões na Entomologia Forense.
Produção Científica sobre Direitos Humanos dos Portadores de Transtornos Mentais (1989-2008)
Authors: Emanuele Seicent de Brito  , Renata Antunes de Figueiredo Leite  , Carla Aparecida Arena Ventura
Published: December 2014

Objetivo: analisar a produção científica sobre direitos humanos dos portadores de transtornos mentais no período de 1989 a 2008. Método: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de pesquisas. Foram selecionados 11 artigos indexados nas bases de dados Lilacs, SciELO e PubMed. Resultados: Dos 11 artigos selecionados, 6 eram nacionais e 5 internacionais. Quanto ao ano, 1 foi publicado em 1994, 3 em 1995, 1 em 1999, 1 em 2000, 1 em 2001, 1 em 2003, 1 em 2007 e 2 em 2008. Foram identificadas 2 pesquisas qualitativas e 9 revisões bibliográficas. Conclusões: Verificou-se que todos os artigos publicados e indexados com os termos escolhidos relacionam diretamente os direitos humanos ao exercício da cidadania, buscando, além de mudanças legais, que a consolidação do movimento de reforma psiquiátrica gere resultados positivos para o cotidiano dos portadores de transtornos psiquiátricos.
Estudo de Caso: Vítima Afogada e Atacada por Piranhas na Região do Pantanal de Mato Grosso-Brasil
Authors: Manoel Francisco Campos Neto  , Vidal Haddad Júnior  , Jorge Paulete Vanrell
Published: December 2014

Neste trabalho avaliamos um cadáver humano do sexo masculino atacado por piranhas no Pantanal Mato Grossense.
Bioética e Biodireito: Reflexões à Luz do Princípio Fundamental da Dignidade da Pessoa Humana
Authors: Emanuele Seicent de Brito  , Carla Aparecida Arena Ventura
Published: December 2014

Descrever a interrelação entre Bioética e Biodireito, considerando sua importância como parâmetro referencial para o legislador brasileiro na regulamentação das questões biotecnológicas. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, baseada em um estudo descritivo analítico documental. Devido aos temas relacionados com os avanços tecnológicos serem recentes na literatura jurídica, e pelo fato de muitos deles carecerem de regulamentação legal específica, demandam uma apreciação científica e ética, que precisa ser precedida de um debate acerca dos princípios que devem servir de parâmetros referenciais para o legislador. Reafirma-se a necessidade da intervenção do direito para regular as questões Bioéticas de forma legítima e suficiente, impondo limites e freios à atuação da biotecnologia, à luz de valores intrinsecamente humanos.
Chemical Profile of Ecstasy Tablets – a Review
Authors: Emanuele Amorim Alves  , Bruno Duarte Sabino
Published: December 2014

Ecstasy is a popular name of a substance called 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). Pharmacologically it displays effects related to amphetamine-type drugs like restlessness, well-being, and others. The Ecstasy is seized as tablets with a large variety of symbols and colors and an extremely diverse content. Also MDMA, other psychoactive compounds may be present, with or instead of, LSD, amphetamine, heroin, cocaine, and others. Considering the illicit production of ecstasy tablets, the raw materials used can be contaminated with several impurities and, multiple synthesis routes can be used generating a great variety number of sub-products and contaminants. The goal of this article is to evaluate the different methods of analysis described in the literature commonly used to determine the chemical profile of ecstasy tablets and use the analysis as a strategy to produce a database of ecstasy tablets seized at Rio de Janeiro State that will provide additional information for drug traffic repression. The interchange with others databases in Brazil and outside will evaluate the origin of these ecstasy tablets.
Tatuagem: Aspectos Históricos e Hipóteses Sobre a Origem do Estigma
Authors: Michelle Larissa Zini Lise  , Gabriel José Chittó Gauer  , Alfredo Cataldo Neto
Published: December 2014

O fenômeno crescente da tatuagem representa um relevante objeto de estudo, por parte do Direito, da Antropologia, da Medicina, da Sociologia, entre outras áreas suscetíveis de influência ao seu uso. Buscando uma visão interdisciplinar do tema fez-se uma abordagem acerca da evolução da prática desde a antiguidade até os dias atuais, citando-se seus tipos e estilos, bem como as técnicas de confecção e remoção. Fez-se, também, uma revisão de literatura, a respeito da origem da tatuagem, hipóteses da sua distribuição pelo mundo, características da tatuagem penal e dos presos, papéis da tatuagem ao longo da história, o histórico da tatuagem no Brasil, sendo por fim formuladas hipóteses para a origem da estigmatização da tatuagem.
A Contribuição da Odontologia Legal na Identificação de Vítimas de Acidente Aéreo no Sul da Bahia, Brasil
Authors: Liz Magalhães Brito  , Mário Marques Fernandes  , Fernanda Capurucho Horta Bouchardet  , Isamara Geandra Cavalcanti Caputo  , Paulo Eduardo Miamoto Dias  , Rogério Nogueira Oliveira
Published: December 2014

Conhecer e analisar a morte materna mediante as representações sociais dos profissionais de saúde no município de Ribeirão Preto-SP. No hospital observa-se o caráter funcionalista de execução das tarefas. Ao admitir uma parturiente, os profissionais já sabem de antemão o que devem realizar, o sincronismo desses fazeres só será quebrado se ocorrer uma morte, pois, nesse espaço, todos estão voltados para vida e não para morte. Utiliza-se a abordagem qualitativa. Optou-se pela análise de conteúdo e as representações sociais. Elegeu-se a técnica de entrevista semiestruturada e observação livre. A amostra foi constituída de dezessete profissionais de saúde. Nos discursos destes sujeitos sociais emergiu a categoria empírica nas representações sociais da morte materna denominada de “inaceitável”. A concepção desses em relação à vida e morte, pela ótica meramente biológica do existir, faz com que a morte se apresente como uma experiência inaceitável. A morte materna impõe limite às ações dos profissionais da saúde e faz com que reflitam sobre outros componentes, que poderão contribuir para ocorrência dessa morte. Os avanços tecnológicos, a institucionalização do parto e o aumento da cobertura no pré-natal não foram suficientes, para reduzir a mortalidade materna em Ribeirão Preto. Provavelmente há de se buscar outras formas de atender a mulher, que venham realmente modificar esse quadro, ou seja, uma assistência que procure estabelecer vínculo, onde a mulher possa participar ativamente nesse atendimento e os profissionais apreendam a atuar além do biológico, olhando o processo de saúde-doença em seu contexto sociopsíquico e cultural.
A software engineering model for the development of adaptation rules and its application in a hinting adaptive e-learning system
Authors: Muñoz-Merino Pedro , Kloos Carlos , Muñoz-Organero Mario , Pardo Abelardo
Published: December 2014

The number of information systems using adaptation rules is increasing
quickly. These systems are usually focused on implement nice and complex
functionality for adaptation of contents, links or presentation, so software
engineering methodologies for the description of rules are required. In
addition, the distributed service oriented Internet philosophy presents the
challenge of combining different rules from independent Internet sources.
Moreover, easy authoring, rule reuse and collaborative design should be
enabled. This paper presents the AR (Adaptation Rules) model, a new software
engineering model for the description of rules for adaptation. These rules
can be composed as a set of smaller atomic, reusable, parametric,
interchangeable and interoperable rules, with clear restrictions in their
combinations. Our model enables the distribution of rules as well as rule
reuse and collaboration among rule creators. We illustrate our approach with
the application of this model to a hinting adaptive e-learning system that
generates exercises with hints, which can be adapted based on defined rules.
Advantages of the AR model are confirmed with an evaluation that has been
done with teachers and learning analytics experts for adaptive e-learning.
Customized QoS-based mashups for the web of things: An application of AHP
Authors: Vesyropoulos Nikos , Georgiadis Christos
Published: December 2014

During the past few years the notion of the Web of Things (WoT) as a
collection of innovative ideas and technologies, is emerging as a compelling
way for businesses to provide value-added services to fulfill their clients?
needs. By creating virtual counterparts of a number of real life objects,
whose functionality can be accessed through simple RESTful service
operations, an abundance of physical services can complement the existing
services provided by an enterprise. This however can complicate things in
matter of selection and composition of services for end-users. As a result, a
need for new filtering techniques arises that can identify both physical and
virtual services and provide value added mashups, based on personalized and
QoS-based criteria. In this work, we propose a framework in order to address
this issue, integrating a Multicriteria Decision Analysis method, in order to
create customized QoS-based service mashups.
First Cavernicolous Population of Crumomyia Parentela (Séguy, 1963) and a Review of Cave-Dwelling Fauna of Sphaeroceridae (Diptera) in the Czech Republic
Authors: Roháček Jindřich
Published: December 2014

Crumomyia parentela (Séguy, 1963) (Sphaeroceridae) is recorded from the Czech Republic for the first time, based on specimens collected in the cave Cyrilka in the Moravskoslezské Beskydy Mts. They are affiliated to subspecies C. p. alpicola (Roháček, 1980) but because of more reduced eyes and shorter wings than have other specimens known from the Alps and Carpathians this population is concluded to have survived as a glacial relict in the cave habitat for a long time. The cavernicolous fauna of Sphaeroceridae in the Czech Republic is surveyed and its members (15 species) are classified according to their affiliation to the cave milieu. No trogloxenous or troglobiont species were found; most species (12) are hemitroglophilous and only 3 are troglophilous, viz. Crumomyia p. alpicola, Herniosina bequaerti (Villeneuve, 1917) and Terrilimosina racovitzai (Bezzi, 1911). It is presupposed that some additional hemitroglophilous, possibly one more troglophilous but no troglobiont species could be found in cave systems in the Czech Republic in the future.
Employees’ Exposure to Carbon Monoxide in Pakistan Steel Mills
Authors: Abid Kanza , Shams Zafar Iqbal
Published: December 2014

Many processes in the iron and steel making industries emit carbon monoxide, which causes a variety of toxic effects on human health, such as fatigue, impaired memory, headache, and nausea. At elevated exposure, carbon monoxide poisoning may lead to loss of consciousness and death. Therefore, the current study has been carried out to investigate the occupational exposure of randomly selected fifty-eight employees of Pakistan Steel Mills to the carbon monoxide. The selected employees were from 10 different facilities of the Pakistan Steel Mills, who were working in two different shifts viz. nightshift and dayshift, each of twelve hours. Thirty employees from nightshift and twenty-eight employees from dayshift were monitored for their exposure to carbon monoxide. The instrument was logged to measure the employee’s exposure to carbon monoxide with 1-minute interval. The study reveals that the employees, working in the Raw Materials Production Plant during nightshift were exposed to the highest mean concentration of carbon monoxide while those working in Oxygen Plant during nightshift were exposed to the lowest mean concentration of carbon monoxide. According to study, the highest recorded exposure was found near Blast Furnace during dayshift. The employees’ exposure to 98th percentile concentration of carbon monoxide in different facilities of the steel mills has also been analyzed. The employees’ exposure to carbon monoxide during commuting from home to their workplace has also been investigated.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i4.11730      International Journal of EnvironmentVolume-3, Issue-4, Sep-Nov 2014Page: 44-56
Editorial
Authors:   The Editors
Published: December 2014

Creation and criticism, in comics, as in all types of artistic expression, become intertwined, and all the more so as the form develops self-awareness and seeks defi nition. One of the main precursors of the tradition of graphic storytelling, William Hogarth (1697–1764), told of the social tribulations of the London in which he lived via multi-image series such as A Rake’s Progress (c. 1735) and A Harlot’s Progress (c. 1732), but was also known for his Analysis of Beauty (1753), in which he elaborates the notion of the central S shape as key to the visual expression of attractiveness; this serpentine ‘line of beauty’ can still be detected in the characters of comic books today.
Fuels and Flows
Authors: Seow Victor
Published: December 2014

Despite obvious links, the relationship between transport and energy remains generally understudied among historians of transport. By briefly examining the ways in which energy resources and energy flows have intersected with transport patterns, transport costs, and transport technology, this thought piece makes a case for bringing considerations of energy into our writing of transport histories. It goes on to argue that a focus on energy and its movement also offers new insights and objects of study to those with broader interests in questions of mobility, for in tracing energy's pathways, we can better see how social, political, and environmental phenomena of varying scales have been constituted and connected in motion.
A Historical Railroad Journey
Authors: Abel Jessamyn R.
Published: December 2014

The Railway Museum, Ōnari 3-47, Ōmiya Ward, Saitama City, Saitama Prefecture,
Japan
Admission: ¥1000/500/200
http://www.railway-museum.jp/en/index.html
From the Editors (German)
Authors: Agnafors Marcus
Published: December 2014

No abstract available.
Enhancing Humans and Sustainability: The Reunion of Bioethics and Environmental Ethics
Authors: McGregor Joan
Published: December 2014

Emerging technologies are hyped as ‘transformative’ by their proponents, who prophesize that these new technologies will significantly and beneficially change our world. Concerns have been raised about the potential environmental impacts of these technologies. Emerging technologies and their implications on humans, society, and the environment challenge our understanding of our responsibilities to the environment and future generations. Utilizing Van Potter’s sense of bioethics that meant the normative study of humanity’s place in the biosphere, I attempt to reintegrate bioethics and environmental ethics, to address questions about human well-being in the future, its dependence on complex environmental systems, and the impact of emerging technologies particularly enhancement technologies upon it. Ultimately, I argue that the future envisioned by proponents of human enhancement technologies is not consistent with our responsibilities to future generations which including leaving certain amounts of natural capital, including human ones.
Special Issue: Aviation Alternative Fuels
Authors: Zhang Yang
Published: December 2014

The investigation of aviation alternative fuels has increased significantly in recent years in an effort to reduce the environment and climate impact by aviation industry. Special requirements have to be met for qualifying as a suitable aviation fuel. The fuel has to be high in energy content per unit of mass and volume, thermally stable and avoiding freezing at low temperatures. There are also many other special requirements on viscosity, ignition properties and compatibility with the typical aviation materials. There are quite a few contending alternative fuels which can be derived from coal, natural gas and biomass.[...]
Kinetic Modeling of Ethanol Batch Fermentation by Escherichia Coli FBWHR Using Hot-Water Sugar Maple Wood Extract Hydrolyzate as Substrate
Authors: Wang Yang , Liu Shijie
Published: December 2014

A recombinant strain of Escherichia coli FBWHR was used for ethanol fermentation from hot-water sugar maple wood extract hydrolyzate in batch experiments. Kinetic studies of cell growth, sugar utilization and ethanol production were investigated at different initial total sugar concentrations of wood extract hydrolyzate. The highest ethanol concentration of 24.05 g/L was obtained using an initial total sugar concentration of 70.30 g/L. Unstructured models were developed to describe cell growth, sugar utilization and ethanol production and validated by comparing the predictions of model and experimental data. The results from this study could be expected to provide insights into the process performance, optimize the process and aid in the design of processes for large-scale production of ethanol fermentation from woody biomass.
Evaluation of Posterolateral Lumbar Fusion in Sheep Using Mineral Scaffolds Seeded with Cultured Bone Marrow Cells
Authors: Cuenca-López María , Andrades José , Gómez Santiago , Zamora-Navas Plácido , Guerado Enrique , Rubio Nuria , Blanco Jerónimo , Becerra José
Published: December 2014

The objective of this study is to investigate the efficacy of hybrid constructs in comparison to bone grafts (autograft and allograft) for posterolateral lumbar fusion (PLF) in sheep, instrumented with transpedicular screws and bars. Hybrid constructs using cultured bone marrow (BM) mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown promising results in several bone healing models. In particular, hybrid constructs made by calcium phosphate-enriched cells have had similar fusion rates to bone autografts in posterolateral lumbar fusion in sheep. In our study, four experimental spinal fusions in two animal groups were compared in sheep: autograft and allograft (reference group), hydroxyapatite scaffold, and hydroxyapatite scaffold seeded with cultured and osteoinduced bone marrow MSCs (hybrid construct). During the last three days of culture, dexamethasone (dex) and beta-glycerophosphate (β-GP) were added to potentiate osteoinduction. The two experimental situations of each group were tested in the same spinal segment (L4–L5). Spinal fusion and bone formation were studied by clinical observation, X-ray, computed tomography (CT), histology, and histomorphometry. Lumbar fusion rates assessed by CT scan and histology were higher for autograft and allograft (70%) than for mineral scaffold alone (22%) and hybrid constructs (35%). The quantity of new bone formation was also higher for the reference group, quite similar in both (autograft and allograft). Although the hybrid scaffold group had a better fusion rate than the non-hybrid scaffold group, the histological analysis revealed no significant differences between them in terms of quantity of bone formation. The histology results suggested that mineral scaffolds were partly resorbed in an early phase, and included in callus tissues. Far from the callus area the hydroxyapatite alone did not generate bone around it, but the hybrid scaffold did. In nude mice, labeled cells were induced to differentiate in vivo and monitored by bioluminescence imaging (BLI). Although the cultured MSCs had osteogenic potential, their contribution to spinal fusion when seeded in mineral scaffolds, in the conditions disclosed here, remains uncertain probably due to callus interference with the scaffolds. At present, bone autografts are better than hybrid constructs for posterolateral lumbar fusion, but we should continue to seek better conditions for efficient tissue engineering.
RNA Recognition and Stress Granule Formation by TIA Proteins
Authors: Waris Saboora , Wilce Matthew , Wilce Jacqueline
Published: December 2014

Stress granule (SG) formation is a primary mechanism through which gene expression is rapidly modulated when the eukaryotic cell undergoes cellular stresses (including heat, oxidative, viral infection, starvation). In particular, the sequestration of specifically targeted translationally stalled mRNAs into SGs limits the expression of a subset of genes, but allows the expression of heatshock proteins that have a protective effect in the cell. The importance of SGs is seen in several disease states in which SG function is disrupted. Fundamental to SG formation are the T cell restricted intracellular antigen (TIA) proteins (TIA-1 and TIA-1 related protein (TIAR)), that both directly bind to target RNA and self-associate to seed the formation of SGs. Here a summary is provided of the current understanding of the way in which TIA proteins target specific mRNA, and how TIA self-association is triggered under conditions of cellular stress.
In Vitro and in Vivo Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Prooxidant Activity of Phenolic Compounds Obtained from Grape (Vitis vinifera) Pomace
Authors: Cotoras Milena , Vivanco Herman , Melo Ricardo , Aguirre María , Silva Evelyn , Mendoza Leonora
Published: December 2014

The antioxidant and/or prooxidant ability of extracts obtained from wine waste were analyzed using in vitro and in vivo assays. Cyclic voltammetry was used as the in vitro assay to determine the antioxidant and/or prooxidant properties and, the in vivo effect on mycelial growth of the fungus Botrytis cinerea was evaluated. In addition, the prooxidant activity was evaluated by intracellular oxidation of compound 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) in B. cinerea. The extracts used in this study were obtained from grape pomace of Cabernet Sauvignon, Carménère and Syrah varieties from the Misiones de Rengo Vineyard by simple extraction, using methanol/HCl 1% (v/v), ethanol 70% (v/v), or Soxhlet extraction. According to the results obtained, gallic acid was the most represented phenolic compound independent of grape variety and extraction method. In addition, vanillic acid; protocatechuic acid, syringic acid, quercetin and kaempferol were found in the extracts. From this study it was possible concluded that, depending of the method of extraction of the grape residues and the grape variety (Cabernet Sauvignon, Carménère and Syrah), the extracts showed antioxidant and/or prooxidant activity. However, no correlation can be established between the anodic oxidation potentials of the extracts and their effect on the fungus B. cinerea.
Interaction Potential of the Multitargeted Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Dovitinib with Drug Transporters and Drug Metabolising Enzymes Assessed in Vitro
Authors: Weiss Johanna , Theile Dirk , Dvorak Zdenek , Haefeli Walter
Published: December 2014

Dovitinib (TKI-258) is under development for the treatment of diverse cancer entities. No published information on its pharmacokinetic drug interaction potential is available. Thus, we assessed its interaction with important drug metabolising enzymes and drug transporters and its efficacy in multidrug resistant cells in vitro. P-glycoprotein (P-gp, MDR1, ABCB1) inhibition was evaluated by calcein assay, inhibition of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP, ABCG2) by pheophorbide A efflux, and inhibition of organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) by 8-fluorescein-cAMP uptake. Inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A4, 2C19, and 2D6 was assessed by using commercial kits. Induction of transporters and enzymes was quantified by real-time RT-PCR. Possible aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activating properties were assessed by a reporter gene assay. Substrate characteristics were evaluated by growth inhibition assays in cells over-expressing P-gp or BCRP. Dovitinib weakly inhibited CYP2C19, CYP3A4, P-gp and OATPs. The strongest inhibition was observed for BCRP (IC50 = 10.3 ± 4.5 μM). Among the genes investigated, dovitinib only induced mRNA expression of CYP1A1, CYP1A2, ABCC3 (coding for multidrug resistance-associated protein 3), and ABCG2 and suppressed mRNA expression of some transporters and drug metabolising enzymes. AhR reporter gene assay demonstrated that dovitinib is an activator of this nuclear receptor. Dovitinib retained its efficacy in cell lines over-expressing P-gp or BCRP. Our analysis indicates that dovitinib will most likely retain its efficacy in tumours over-expressing P-gp or BCRP and gives first evidence that dovitinib might act as a perpetrator drug in pharmacokinetic drug–drug interactions.
Characterization of Land Transitions Patterns from Multivariate Time Series Using Seasonal Trend Analysis and Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Parmentier Benoit
Published: December 2014

Characterizing biophysical changes in land change areas over large regions with short and noisy multivariate time series and multiple temporal parameters remains a challenging task. Most studies focus on detection rather than the characterization, i.e., the manner by which surface state variables are altered by the process of changes. In this study, a procedure is presented to extract and characterize simultaneous temporal changes in MODIS multivariate times series from three surface state variables the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), land surface temperature (LST) and albedo (ALB). The analysis involves conducting a seasonal trend analysis (STA) to extract three seasonal shape parameters (Amplitude 0, Amplitude 1 and Amplitude 2) and using principal component analysis (PCA) to contrast trends in change and no-change areas. We illustrate the method by characterizing trends in burned and unburned pixels in Alaska over the 2001–2009 time period. Findings show consistent and meaningful extraction of temporal patterns related to fire disturbances. The first principal component (PC1) is characterized by a decrease in mean NDVI (Amplitude 0) with a concurrent increase in albedo (the mean and the annual amplitude) and an increase in LST annual variability (Amplitude 1). These results provide systematic empirical evidence of surface changes associated with one type of land change, fire disturbances, and suggest that STA with PCA may be used to characterize many other types of land transitions over large landscape areas using multivariate Earth observation time series.
Ecological niche differentiation of polyploidization is not supported by environmental differences among species in a cosmopolitan grass genus
Authors: Visser Vernon , Molofsky Jane
Published: December 2014

•Premise of the study:Polyploidization frequently results in the creation of new plant species, the establishment of which is thought to often be facilitated by ecological niche differentiation from the diploid species. We tested this hypothesis using the cosmopolitan grass genusPhalaris(Poaceae), consisting of 19 species that range from diploid to tetraploid to hexaploid. Specifically, we tested whether (1) polyploids occupy more extreme environments and/or (2) have broader niche breadths and/or (3) whether the polyploid species’ distributions indicate a niche shift from diploid species.

•Methods:We employed a bootstrapping approach using distribution data for each species and eight environmental variables to investigate differences between species in the means, extremes, and breadths of each environmental variable. We used a kernel smoothing technique to quantify niche overlap between species.

•Key results:Although we found some support for the three hypotheses for a few diploid–polyploid pairs and for specific environmental variables, none of these hypotheses were generally supported.

•Conclusions:Our results suggest that these commonly held hypotheses about the effects of polyploidization on ecological distributions are not universally applicable. Correlative biogeographic studies like ours provide a necessary first step for suggesting specific hypotheses that require experimental verification. A combination of genetic, physiological, and ecological studies will be required to achieve a better understanding of the role of polyploidization in niche evolution.
Synthetic strategies for the fluorescent labeling of epichlorohydrin-branched cyclodextrin polymers
Authors: Malanga Milo , Bálint Mihály , Puskás István , Tuza Kata , Sohajda Tamás , Jicsinszky László , Szente Lajos , Fenyvesi Éva
Published: December 2014

The fluorescent tagging of cyclodextrin derivatives enlarges their spectroscopic properties thus generating chemosensors, biological tools for visualization and sophisticated photoresponsive devices. Cyclodextrin polymers, due to the cooperative interactions, exhibit additional properties compared to their monomeric counterpart. These macromolecules can be prepared either in well water-soluble form or as gels of high swelling. Two versatile synthetic strategies for introducing a fluorescent tag (rhodamine, fluorescein, nitrobenzofuran or coumarin) into the water-soluble epichlorohydrin branched cyclodextrin polymers were worked out and compared. The fluorescent labeling was realized in three steps: 1) building in azido moieties, 2) transforming the azido groups into amino groups and 3) coupling the proper fluorescent compound to the amino groups. The other strategy started by functionalization of the monomer prior to the branching. Either the fluorescent-labeled monomer or the intermediate azido derivative of the monomer was branched. Further tuning of the properties of the polymer was achieved via branching of the methylated cyclodextrin derivative. The key intermediates and the fluorescent final products were characterized by various spectroscopic techniques and capillary electrophoresis. The applied synthetic routes were evaluated based on the molecular weight, cyclodextrin content of the products and the efficiency of labeling.
THE CYCLE OF CUSTOMER VALUE: A MODEL INTEGRATING CUSTOMER AND FIRM PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Martelo-Landroguez Silvia , Barroso-Castro Carmen , Cepeda Gabriel
Published: December 2014

The aim of this paper is to contribute to the strategic management literature by identifying a relationship between customer value seen from the customer perspective and customer value seen from the firm perspective, and how this relationship might affect the value created for the customer. We propose that such a relationship exists, and attempt to create an integrated view of customer value. We have not found any papers that focus on the relationship between these two perspectives of customer value, and our aim is to bridge this gap in the literature. Thus, the authors test, in a quantitative study utilizing structural equation models (SEM), how a firm should create value in order to be perceived by the customers, and how this value could be appropriated in the international banking industry. The results show to the managers that value creation impacts on perceived value but not on value appropriation.
DETERMINATION OF REPRESENTATIVE LOADING CONDITIONS FOR EFFECTIVE SEMITRAILER DESIGN
Authors: Kural Karel , Voskuijl Mark , Fengnian Tian , Pauwelussen Joop
Published: December 2014

Obtaining a representative loading spectrum that corresponds well to the reality is still one of the greatest challenges for fatigue life calculations and optimal design of the trailer body. A good qualitative and quantitative knowledge of the spectrum leads to more efficient usage of material, a better design of connection points and an overall decrease of the weight of the trailer, which finally results in a significant decrease in the price of a ton of cargo per km. Despite that, the approach is nowadays mostly based on the experience and rules of thumb. It typically results in over-dimensioning of some parts while other parts remain vulnerable to failure due to unknown loading patterns. This paper describes a generic approach to solve the problems mentioned above applied in a research project named FORWARD (Fuel Optimized trailer Referring to Well Assessed Realistic Design loads). The project lasted two years and was carried out in cooperation with several different trailer manufacturers and 1st tier suppliers. The loading history of more than 1000 hours for five trailer types were captured in the shape of strains, accelerations and velocities of various elements of the trailers, enabling reconstruction of the loading in terms of forces and moments acting on the wheels and kingpin. Parallel to this extensive test-campaign, a novel generic physics-based computational approach was developed to predict selected loads encountered during common manoeuvres to all trailer types. The computational approach was validated against test-data and resulted in creating a generic multibody library applicable for all trailer types, and an automated post-processing routine for the large amount of test-data
FEASIBILITY OF INTEGRATED TRANSPORT NETWORK MODEL IN LITHUANIA
Authors: Papšienė Lina , Balčiūnas Andrius , Beconytė Giedrė , Motiejauskas Danas , Romanovas Denis , Aksamitauskas Vladislovas Česlovas , Papšys Kęstutis
Published: December 2014

Availability of up-to-date and detailed spatial data on transport networks is very important for sustainable development. As Directive 2007/2/EC of 14 March 2007 establishing an Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community (INSPIRE) targets transport networks data as one of the first priority data themes to be harmonized across Europe, the specification for transport network dataset has been developed and adopted as guidance document for all Member States. The specification provides a common model for road, rail, air, water and cable transport networks and related infrastructure. Integrated transport network database can be used for routing of vehicles, taking into account all limitations of the road network, for transport planning, emergency services. In order to achieve the benefits related to common use of up-to-date information and to interoperable data for these tasks, all transport network elements must be accurately mapped in a consistent logical network. Unfortunately, in Lithuania there is no single continuous and extensive spatial data set (geographic database) of transport networks. The authors analysed the possibilities of building joint INSPIRE databases from different transport datasets, and indicated the best data sources for road and railway transport, as well as actions of improvement have to be taken. The research and successful experiment has showed that the more extensive INSPIRE transport data model can be implemented using ArcGIS data model. This concept and the model will serve as an important prop for development of policy of national and transboundary spatial data integration in countries with similar situation. INSPIRE implementation guidelines are compatible with national interest and must be followed, but technical feasibility and cost-benefit considerations must be taken into account.
THE IMPACT OF ROAD ROUGHNESS ON THE DURATION OF CONTACT BETWEEN A VEHICLE WHEEL AND ROAD SURFACE
Authors: Žuraulis Vidas , Levulytė Loreta , Sokolovskij Edgar
Published: December 2014

The paper analyses the impact of the road micro-profile on the duration and the type of the vehicle wheel contact with the road surface driving at different speed. The selected vehicle bicycle model describes vertical displacements of front and rear wheels and their suspension as well as the impact of the vehicle body motion and longitudinal oscillation. International Roughness Index (IRI) and micro-profile irregularities of the road section analysed in the paper were identified using specialized road testing equipment. The experimental investigations measuring the vehicle suspension displacement and the body acceleration were carried out. Frequency characteristics of suspension motion and regularities of vertical movement of the wheel were identified after dividing the investigated road section according to driving modes. The analysis into the wheel contact with the road surface and identified correlations enable to determine the vehicle stability on selected quality roads.
THE RESEARCH JOURNAL TRANSPORT: PEER-REVIEWING PROCESS IN 2014
Authors: Prentkovskis Olegas , Junevičius Raimundas
Published: December 2014

The research journal TRANSPORT: peer-reviewing process in 2014
A SHORT OVERVIEW OF TRANSPORT IN 2014
Authors: Junevičius Raimundas , Prentkovskis Olegas
Published: December 2014

"A short overview of TRANSPORT in 2014" Transport, 29(4), pp. 345
MEASUREMENT OF VERTICALITY CONSTRUCTION OF BUSHINGS FOR LABORATORY CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
Authors: Jadviščok Petr , Dandoš Rostislav , Jiroušek Tomaš
Published: December 2014

This contribution describes process which was used for verticality measurement of the bushings for laboratory construction materials in the pavilion of testing. This pavilion is newly built in VŠB-TU Ostrava, Faculty of Civil Engineering, as part of the Testing house of the building materials. The requirement of the building investor was to determine the verticality of the bushings placed between the first aboveground and the first underground floor. After the building finishing, the bushings with the diameter 70 mm will be used for loading tests of various building materials. The final number of bushings is 169, and they are placed lengthwise and crosswise in the step of 750 mm. The centres of the bushings were measured by polar method in pavilion local coordinate system. The precision of the bushing centres determination was }5 mm according to the investor´s requirement. The precision would not be followed if the standard equipment for reflector fixing was used. In that case, it was necessary to design and manufacture special tool in the shape of truncated cone. On the top part was placed central pivot for reflector with additional plate bubble.