bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spiroplana centripeta gen. & sp. nov., a leaf parasite of Philadelphus and Deutzia with a remarkable aeroaquatic conidium morphology
Authors: Voglmayr Hermann , Park Mi-Jeong , Shin Hyeon-Dong
Published: September 2011

Spiroplana centripeta is described as a new genus and species from Korea. Its spirally coiled conidia closely resemble those of the aeroaquatic genus Spirosphaera but its ecology differs totally, as it is parasitic to living Philadelphus and Deutzia leaves
causing symptoms superficially similar to powdery mildew disease. No sexual state has been found, but molecular phylogenies inferred from ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA and partial nuLSU sequences support it within the Pleosporales (Dothideomycetes) and thus phylogenetically distinct from
the generic type, Spirosphaera floriformis in the Leotiomycetes. Molecular phylogenies further show that Spirosphaera is polyphyletic and that generic diagnostic characters have evolved multiple times as an adaptation to conidium dispersal in the aeroaquatic niche. Morphologically,
Spiroplana centripeta differs from Spirosphaera in its branching pattern, characterised by a main coil of cells in the conidial filament that give rise to 1–2 daughter filaments only on the inner side of the main coil. The daughter filaments then grow, coiling inwards with
occasional additional branching to produce a tightly interwoven propagule enclosing air in a manner similar to aeroaquatic fungi. As primary branching takes place in one plane, the conidia are laterally flattened. In light of these molecular, morphological and ecological differences, a new
genus is described. We believe the astounding similarity of the Spiroplana and Spirosphaera conidia is related to dispersal on the surface of a water film.
The family Chaetomiaceae from China 4. Two newly recorded species of Chaetomium
Authors: Guo Yunzhong , Zhu Mingqi , Sun Guangyu
Published: September 2011

Two species of the genus Chaetomium, C. virescens and C. senegalense, are reported as newly recorded species in China. The characteristics of the two species are described and illustrated from our materials. These specimens and living cultures examined were deposited in
Herbarium of Fungi in Northwest A&F University (HMUABO).
Two new species of Tuber from China
Authors: Fan Li , Cao Jin-Zhong , Liu Yan-Yun , Li Yu
Published: September 2011

Two new species of the genus Tuber are described from China. Tuber lijiangense is differentiated from other brown species mainly by its globose ascospores with a lower reticulated ornamentation, and T. sinoexcavatum is distinguished from T. excavatum by its
globose ascospores.
Racocetra undulata, a new species in the Glomeromycetes from Taiwan
Authors: Lin Tzu-Chao , Yen Chiang-Her
Published: September 2011

A new arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Racocetra undulata (Racocetraceae: Glomeromycetes), was found in soil samples collected from the rhizosphere of two coastal plants, Hibiscus tiliaceus and Pandanus odoratissimus var. sinensis, at depths of
0–20 cm in western Taiwan in October 2007. The 195–225 μm broad, globose to subglobose, pale yellow glomerospores, which form terminally on sporogenous cells, have an undulate wall surface and two walls. The germination shields on the outer surface of the inner wall are ovoid,
hyaline to subhyaline, with folds separating wavy lobes. The undulate outer spore surface readily differentiates R. undulata from all other Racocetra species.
A new species of Hansfordia isolated from the marine brown alga, Colpomenia sinuosa
Authors: Cheng Xiao-Li , Sun Kai-Ming , Li Wei , Zhang Tian-Yu , Li Chang-Lin
Published: September 2011

A new species of Hansfordia was described and illustrated from the marine brown alga Colpomenia sinuosa at the coast of Weihai, China. It is Hansfordia sinuosae, which differs from other species in the genus Hansfordia based on the characters of conidia.
Hemodynamic Changes during Hepatic Vascular Exclusion: Use of Intraoperative Transesophageal Echocardiography a Case Series
Authors: Marinangeli Franco , Ciccozzi Alessandra , Angeletti Chiara , Guetti Cristiana , Aloisio Tommaso , Paladini Antonella , Varrassi Giustino
Published: September 2011

The aim of this clinical observation was to compare intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and pulmonary artery catheterization (PAC) during hepatic vascular exclusion (HEV). Five non-cirrhotic patients to undergo HVE for major liver resection have been observed. Hemodynamic parameters: pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (PCWP), cardiac index (CI), cardiac output (CO), and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) have been monitored by PAC. Left ventricular end-diastolic area (LVEDA), left ventricular end-systolic area (LVESA), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), cardiac index (CI), cardiac output (CO), and fractional area changes (FAC) have been monitored by TEE. Hemodynamic variables were assessed before clamping (), at 5 and 30 minutes after clamping (, ) and 15 minutes after unclamping (). No significant difference between PCWP and LVEDP was found. LVEDP significantly decreased at and compared to (); PCWP showed the same trend. A correlation was found between SV and LVEDP (, ) as well as CI (, ). Data confirm that intraoperative TEE may be a reliable method for hemodynamic monitoring during major liver resections.
Classes sociais, relações de classe e trabalho: política e teoria
Authors: Amorim Henrique , Wolff Simone , Raslan Filipe
Published: September 2011

Na célebre passagem do Manifesto do Partido Comunista (1848): "A história de toda sociedade até hoje é a história de luta de classes" (1996, p. 66) podemos notar o peso histórico da luta de classes e das classes sociais e a relevância teórica do tema para Karl Marx e Friedrich Engels. Só isso já nos valeria um dossiê concentrado na discussão das classes sociais e do trabalho. Não obstante, devemos fugir de um suposto argumento de autoridade e refletirmos sobre os problemas sociais concretos que figuram como síntese das relações de classe nas sociedades capitalistas contemporâneas.
Trabalho abstrato, subsunção e os desafios para a formação do trabalhador na atualidade
Authors: Toitio Rafael Dias
Published: September 2011

O artigo em questão procura analisar, na atualidade, a formação profissional e técnica, cujo conteúdo e forma têm sofrido mudanças concretas graças à revolução da microeletrônica e, em consequência, à difusão das novas tecnologias de informação (TI), computadores, robótica, softwares etc. Para tanto, procuramos analisar, a partir das reflexões de Marx, a forma de ser do trabalho em nossa sociedade, pois tal forma configura o tipo de formação profissional elaborada pela mesma. Desse modo, apontaremos como velhas tendências apontadas por Marx, e nascidas na Revolução Industrial, se atualizam e se expandem, como a subsunção real do trabalho ao capital e o alargamento do trabalho abstrato. Também discutiremos, brevemente, a educação unitária como uma proposta de formação para o trabalhador que abarca, além das questões técnicas, a formação e a organização políticas das classes e grupos subalternos.
Consciência de classe e partido operário: alguns apontamentos da análise de George Lukács e Rosa Luxemburgo
Authors: Firmino Gustavo Casasanta
Published: September 2011

O artigo pretende debater a sempre polêmica questão que gira em torno do marxismo, no que concerne à formação política da consciência de classe. Será tal consciência fruto da posição que a classe trabalhadora possui dentro do quadro estrutural, de uma dada sociedade, em determinado modo de produção e tempo histórico; ou antes, a consciência de classe somente pode ser pensada, quando construída teoricamente e advinda “de fora” da classe operária, por uma vanguarda partidária portadora da teoria? No limite, a primeira posição foi, por muitas vezes, denominada “espontaneísta” em contraposição à segunda, por vezes identificada enquanto “vanguardista”. Para avançar do ponto de vista teórico e histórico nessa discussão, procurando superar a forma dicotômica de abordagem do tema, estabelecemos um diálogo com algumas das leituras feitas por Rosa Luxemburgo (1871-1919) e George Lukács (1885-1970), duas grandes referências teórico-políticas acerca da discussão proposta.
Lot and His Daughters (Gen 19:30–38). Further Literary and Stylistic Examinations
Authors: Sutskover Talia
Published: September 2011

in the text. A literary analysis shows that repetitions of terms from the semantic fields of kinship and sexual intercourse provide special emphasis to the theme of a sexual act occurring between father and daughters. Instead of the expected relations in which fathers own their daughters, the daughters depicted here possess and manipulate their father. Moreover, taking into account that the general initiative and focalization are assigned to the elder sister, the constructed narrative pattern departs from the more common biblical pattern in which the younger siblings are more dominant and theologically prominent. While some scholars have suggested that the daughters had no choice, and even acted heroically, the analysis suggested here may lead to a reading that considers the reported sexual acts as negative and uncommon among Israelites.
The Typological Classification of the Hebrew of Genesis: Subject-Verb or Verb-Subject?
Authors: Holmstedt Robert D.
Published: September 2011

, the Object can precede or follow both the Subject and the Verb, and adverbs and prepositional phrases can be thrown into a variety of positions. To the reader word order often seems to be random, but grammarians have long agreed that it is not random or ‘free’. Describing precisely what determines the order of words, though, remains an elusive task. Yet, it is universally understood that determining a rhyme and reason for the variation exhibited in the biblical texts would provide access to subtle linguistic cues the ancient authors used to get their message across. And so many Hebraists have attempted to identify the patterns. As with all investigations, though, the initial assumptions strongly influence the conclusions and for Hebrew word order studies the almost universal starting point has been to assume a basic Verb-Subject order. In this essay I challenge this assumption, thereby potentially undercutting the methodologies and conclusions of the vast majority of existing word order studies. I introduce, describe, and illustrate the typological linguistic criteria for determining basic word order and conclude, contrary to near-consensus position, that Biblical Hebrew is better classified as a Subject-Verb language.
Adding insult to injury: effects of interpersonal rejection types, rejection sensitivity, and self‐regulation on obsessive relational intrusion
Authors: Sinclair H. Colleen , Ladny Roshni T. , Lyndon Amy E.
Published: September 2011

This study tested the I3 model [Finkel, 2007; 2008] of intimate partner violence as applied to obsessive relational intrusion (ORI) to assess the relation among self‐regulation, rejection, rejection sensitivity (RS), and stalking‐related aggression. In Study 1, participants (N=221) read one of three vignettes: no relationship termination, an “internal” rejection (involves an internal attribution to the rejected as cause of relationship ending), or an “external” rejection (external attributions for relationship demise). Next, participants experienced one of two conditions manipulating self‐regulation (no depletion vs. depletion). Finally, participants rated their likelihood of engaging in ORI (e.g. unwanted pursuit and/or aggression). Consistent with predictions, participants receiving an internal rejection reported higher aggression than participants experiencing an external rejection, especially when depleted of self‐regulation. Study 2 extended the design of Study 1 by adding in a screening survey of RS. Internal rejections still yielded more aggression than other conditions, but this was especially so when rejection‐sensitive persons were depleted of self‐regulation. In addition to providing support for the I3 model of aggression, this research shows that not all types of rejection are created equal. Aggr. Behav. 37:503–520, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Identical twin sisters with Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome associated with Chiari malformations and syrinx
Authors: Parsley Lea , Bellus Gary , Handler Michael , Tsai Anne Chun‐Hui
Published: September 2011

Chiari malformations are multifactorial and heterogeneous entities, characterized by abnormalities in the posterior fossa. They have been identified in association with various genetic syndromes in recent years. Two previous studies have noted an association of Chiari malformations with Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome (RTS). In this clinical report, we highlight identical twins with RTS caused by a mutation in CREBBP that presented with slightly different Chiari malformations in association with an extensive multiloculated syrinx and scoliosis. RTS has been found to be associated with craniocervical abnormalities in literature review, and this clinical report demonstrates the prudent consideration of the physician who cares for patients impacted by RTS to effectively screen via symptomatology and physical examination for Chiari pathology or other craniocervical abnormalities. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Christianson syndrome in a patient with an interstitial Xq26.3 deletion
Authors: Tzschach Andreas , Ullmann Reinhard , Ahmed Alischo , Martin Thomas , Weber Georg , Decker‐Schwering Oliver , Pauly Fernand , Shamdeen Mohammed Ghiath , Reith Wolfgang , Oehl‐Jaschkowitz Barbara
Published: September 2011

Interstitial deletions of chromosome band Xq26.3 are rare. We report on a 2‐year‐old boy in whom array comparative genomic hybridization analysis revealed an interstitial 314 kb deletion in Xq26.3 affecting SLC9A6 and FHL1. Mutations in SLC9A6 are associated with Christianson syndrome (OMIM 300243), a syndromic form of X‐linked mental retardation (XLMR) characterized by microcephaly, severe global developmental delay, ataxia and seizures. FHL1 mutations cause Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (OMIM 310300), X‐linked myopathy with postural muscle atrophy (XMPMA, OMIM 300696), scapuloperoneal myopathy (OMIM 300695), or reducing body myopathy (OMIM 300717, 300718). The clinical problems of the patient reported here comprised severe intellectual disability, absent speech, ataxia, epilepsy, and gastroesophageal reflux, and could mostly be attributed to SLC9A6 insufficiency. In contrast to the majority of reported Christianson syndrome patients who were microcephalic, this patient was normocephalic, but his head circumference had decelerated from the 50th centile at birth to the 25th centile at the age of $2{\raise0.5ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle 2$}\kern-0.1em/\kern-0.15em\lower0.25ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle {12}$}}$ years. Muscle problems due to the FHL1 deletion are not to be expected before late childhood, which is the earliest age of onset for FHL1 associated Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy. This patient broadens the spectrum of SLC9A6 mutations and contributes to the clinical delineation of Christianson syndrome. This is also the first patient with a deletion affecting both SLC9A6 and the complete FHL1 gene. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ectopia lentis as the presenting and primary feature in Marfan syndrome
Authors: Zadeh Neda , Bernstein Jonathan A. , Niemi Anna Kaisa , Dugan Sarah , Kwan Andrea , Liang David , Hyland James C. , Hoyme H. Eugene , Hudgins Louanne , Manning Melanie A.
Published: September 2011

Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a multisystem connective tissue disorder with primary involvement of the ocular, cardiovascular, and skeletal systems. We report on eight patients, all presenting initially with bilateral ectopia lentis (EL) during early childhood. These individuals did not have systemic manifestations of MFS, and did not fulfill the revised Ghent diagnostic criteria. However, all patients had demonstratable, disease‐causing missense mutations in the FBN1 gene. Based on molecular results, cardiovascular imaging was recommended and led to the identification of mild aortic root changes in seven of the eight patients. The remaining patient had mitral valve prolapse with a normal appearing thoracic aorta. The findings presented in this paper validate the necessity of FBN1 gene testing in all individuals presenting with isolated EL. As we observed, these individuals are at increased risk of cardiovascular complications. Furthermore, we also noted that the majority of our patient cohort's mutations occurred in the 5′ portion of the FBN1 gene, and were found to affect highly conserved cysteine residues, which may indicate a possible genotype–phenotype correlation. We conclude that in patients with isolated features of EL, FBN1 mutation analysis is necessary to aid in providing prompt diagnosis, and to identify patients at risk for potentially life‐threatening complications. Additionally, knowledge of the type and location of an FBN1 mutation may be useful in providing further clinical correlation regarding phenotypic progression and appropriate medical management. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol)/carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogels for removal of metal ions and dyestuff from aqueous solutions
Authors: Sabaa Magdy W. , Mohamed Riham R. , Eltaweel S. H. , Seoudi Rania S.
Published: September 2011

Hydrogels composed of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCh) were synthesized via ultraviolet (UV) irradiation that can be used in several industrial fields. Several analysis tools were used to characterize the physical and thermal properties of CMCh/PVA hydrogels namely FT‐IR, scanning electron microscope (SEM), XRD, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetery (DSC). TGA results showed that CMCh/PVA hydrogels are thermally more stable than CMCh and their thermal stability increases as PVA content increases in the hydrogel. Also, DSC results showed that CMCh/PVA hydrogels are at least partial miscible blends. Moreover, the swelling behavior of the CMCh/PVA hydrogels was studied in different buffered solutions and in different salt solutions at various concentrations. CMCh/PVA hydrogels swell much more than CMCh especially at alkaline pH. Both metal and dye uptake were studied for CMCh/PVA hydrogels. The hydrogels adsorb much more dyestuff and metal ions like Cu2+, Cd2+, and Co2+ than CMCh itself. Much dyestuff and metal ions are adsorbed by the hydrogels as PVA content increases in the hydrogel. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Biodiversity value of agricultural drainage ditches: a comparative analysis of the aquatic invertebrate fauna of ditches and small lakes
Authors: Verdonschot Ralf C. M. , Keizer‐vlek Hanneke E. , Verdonschot Piet F. M.
Published: September 2011

Drainage ditches are a common aquatic habitat in the lowland agricultural landscape of north‐western Europe. The invertebrate fauna of these waters is poorly known compared with that of the semi‐natural wetland fragments found in this region. While most wetlands are designated as nature reserves, drainage ditches are generally viewed purely as hydrological infrastructure in support of agriculture.

To assess the conservation value for aquatic invertebrates of these man‐made habitats compared with that of wetland fragments, the taxonomic composition and life‐history characteristics of invertebrate assemblages inhabiting nine small lakes and nine ditches in peatlands in the Netherlands were compared, as well as the environmental characteristics potentially influencing assemblage structure.

Although ditches comprised a smaller water volume, contained less diverse vegetation, displayed larger fluctuations in nutrient concentrations and were regularly managed, the total number of invertebrate taxa recorded per taxonomic group was comparable with that in small lakes, as was the number of nationally uncommon to very rare taxa.

Similarity in life‐history characteristics between the two water‐body types was high, except that a higher proportion of atmospheric air breathers was found in ditches, and more plant miners and collector–filterers in small lakes.

On a regional scale, a relatively high inter‐ditch taxon dissimilarity was observed, resulting in total diversity estimates for ditches exceeding those of small lakes.

This study showed that drainage ditches can be a significant habitat type for aquatic invertebrates. In the Netherlands, water bodies in peatland agricultural areas can contain a diverse invertebrate fauna, similar to that of water bodies in nearby nature reserves.

Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The developing zebrafish (Danio rerio): A vertebrate model for high‐throughput screening of chemical libraries
Authors: Lessman Charles A.
Published: September 2011

The zebrafish, Danio rerio, a small, tropical freshwater species native to Pakistan and India, has become a National Institutes of Health‐sanctioned model organism and, due to its many advantages as an experimental vertebrate, it has garnered intense interest from the world's scientific community. Some have labeled the zebrafish, the “vertebrate Drosophila,” due to its genetic tractability, small size, low cost, and rapid development. The transparency of the embryo, external development, and the many hundreds of mutant and transgenic lines available add to the allure. Now it appears, the zebrafish can be used for high‐throughput screening (HTS) of drug libraries in the discovery process of promising new therapeutics. In this review, various types of screening methods are briefly outlined, as are a variety of screens for different disease models, to highlight the range of zebrafish HTS possibilities. High‐content screening (HCS) has been available for cell‐based screens for some time and, very recently, HCS is being adapted for the zebrafish. This will allow analysis, at high resolution, of drug effects on whole vertebrates; thus, whole body effects as well as those on specific organs and tissues may be determined. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 93:268–280, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A high‐content screening assay in transgenic zebrafish identifies two novel activators of fgf signaling
Authors: Saydmohammed Manush , Vollmer Laura L. , Onuoha Ezenwa Obi , Vogt Andreas , Tsang Michael
Published: September 2011

Zebrafish have become an invaluable vertebrate animal model to interrogate small molecule libraries for modulators of complex biological pathways and phenotypes. We have recently described the implementation of a quantitative, high‐content imaging assay in multi‐well plates to analyze the effects of small molecules on Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) signaling in vivo. Here we have evaluated the capability of the assay to identify compounds that hyperactivate FGF signaling from a test cassette of agents with known biological activities. Using a transgenic zebrafish reporter line for FGF activity, we screened 1040 compounds from an annotated library of known bioactive agents, including FDA‐approved drugs. The assay identified two molecules, 8‐hydroxyquinoline sulfate and pyrithione zinc, that enhanced FGF signaling in specific areas of the brain. Subsequent studies revealed that both compounds specifically expanded FGF target gene expression. Furthermore, treatment of early stage embryos with either compound resulted in dorsalized phenotypes characteristic of hyperactivation of FGF signaling in early development. Documented activities for both agents included activation of extracellular signal‐related kinase (ERK), consistent with FGF hyperactivation. To conclude, we demonstrate the power of automated quantitative high‐content imaging to identify small molecule modulators of FGF. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 93:281–287, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
No effects of short‐term GSM mobile phone radiation on cerebral blood flow measured using positron emission tomography
Authors: Kwon Myoung Soo , Vorobyev Victor , Kännälä Sami , Laine Matti , Rinne Juha O. , Toivonen Tommi , Johansson Jarkko , Teräs Mika , Joutsa Juho , Tuominen Lauri , Lindholm Harri , Alanko Tommi , Hämäläinen Heikki
Published: September 2011

The present study investigated the effects of 902.4 MHz Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) mobile phone radiation on cerebral blood flow using positron emission tomography (PET) with the 15O‐water tracer. Fifteen young, healthy, right‐handed male subjects were exposed to phone radiation from three different locations (left ear, right ear, forehead) and to sham exposure to test for possible exposure effects on brain regions close to the exposure source. Whole‐brain [15O]H2O–PET images were acquired 12 times, 3 for each condition, in a counterbalanced order. Subjects were exposed for 5 min in each scan while performing a simple visual vigilance task. Temperature was also measured in the head region (forehead, eyes, cheeks, ear canals) during exposure. The exposure induced a slight temperature rise in the ear canals but did not affect brain hemodynamics and task performance. The results provided no evidence for acute effects of short‐term mobile phone radiation on cerebral blood flow. Bioelectromagnetics 33:247–256, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Determination of curdione in rabbit plasma by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry
Authors: Ma Jianshe , Dong Jianyong , Lin Guanyang , Yue Lei , Xiang Zheng , Xu Renai , Hu Lufeng , Wang Xianqin
Published: September 2011

A sensitive and selective liquid chromatography mass spectrometry method for determination of curdione in rabbit plasma was developed. After addition of tramadol as internal standard (IS), protein precipitation by acetonitrile was used for sample preparation. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Zorbax SB‐C18 (2.1 × 50 mm, 3.5 µm) column with acetonitrile–0.1% formic acid as mobile phase with gradient elution. An electrospray ionization source was applied and operated in positive‐ion mode; selective ion monitoring was used for quantification using target fragment ions m/z 237 for curdione and m/z 264 for the IS. Calibration plots were linear over the range of 20–4000 ng/mL for curdione in plasma. The lower limit of quantification for curdione was 20 ng/mL. Mean recovery of curdione from plasma was in the range 94.3–98.4%. The RSD of intra‐day and inter‐day precision were both less than 9%. This method is simple and sensitive enough to be used in pharmacokinetic research for the determination of curdione in rabbit plasma. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Active learning in robotics based on simulation tools
Authors: López‐Nicolás G. , Romeo A. , Guerrero J. J.
Published: September 2011

Simulation is a powerful tool that has a very important role in the different areas of research, development, and education. In particular, simulation tools are widely used in robotics. In this article, we present an active learning experience based on simulation tools in the framework of robotics courses taught at engineering degrees. It is well known that the field of robotics involves many disciplines taught in higher education, such as mechanics, electronics, or computer science. In the context of a robotics course for an Industrial Engineering Masters degree, the different topics addressed can benefit from the use of simulation tools. Additionally, the benefits of active learning activities have been widely acknowledged and discussed. The main contribution of this work is the simulation tools fully integrated in the project‐based activity designed. Thus, one of the contributions is the software provided, developed with a clear teaching focus, and the successful teaching experience with a high academic level thanks in part to the simulation tools. Here, we describe the methodology and the new simulation tools, RobotScene and SGRobot, developed for this project‐based learning activity. This activity has been carried out successfully for several years; and our experience is that it motivates the students and improves their understanding of the theoretical concepts involved. We also present the academic results that support the benefits of the activity presented. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 22:509–515, 2014; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.10.1002/cae.20576
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Ring‐Contraction and Ring‐Expansion Reactions of Cyclic Allyl Amines.
Authors: Dubovyk Igor , Pichugin Dmitry , Yudin Andrei K.
Published: September 2011

The ring‐contraction of seven‐ and eight‐membered allylic amines provides pyrrolidine and piperidine derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu(II) Bromide Catalyzed Oxidation of Aldehydes and Alcohols.
Authors: Das Rima , Chakraborty Debashis
Published: September 2011

No ligands or additives are necessary for the oxidation of aldehydes or primary alcohols into carboxylic acids or of secondary alcohols into ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: RhIII‐Catalyzed Oxidative Olefination of Vinylic C—H Bonds: Efficient and Selective Access to Di‐Unsaturated α‐Amino Acid Derivatives and Other Linear 1,3‐Butadienes.
Authors: Besset Tatiana , Kuhl Nadine , Patureau Frederic W. , Glorius Frank
Published: September 2011

The Rh‐catalyzed oxidative C—H olefination of functionalized alkenes such as unsaturated amino acids is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: InCl3‐Catalyzed Carbene Insertion into O—H Bonds: Efficient Synthesis of Ethers.
Authors: Krishna Palakodety Radha , Prapurna Y. Lakshmi , Alivelu Munagala
Published: September 2011

Reaction of the carbene derived from ester (II) with alcohols results in formation of different types of ethers.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalyst‐Free Regio‐ and Stereospecific Synthesis of β‐Sulfonamido Dithiocarbamates: Efficient Ring‐Opening Reactions of N‐Tosyl Aziridines by Dialkyldithiocarbamates.
Authors: Alagiri Kaliyamoorthy , Prabhu Kandikere Ramaiah
Published: September 2011

Ring‐opening of aziridines with thiocarbamate (II) results in regioselective formation of β‐sulfonamido dithiocarbamates.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC)‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Hydroacylation of Cyclopropenes.
Authors: Bugaut Xavier , Liu Fan , Glorius Frank
Published: September 2011

The organocatalyzed reaction of aromatic aldehydes with cyclopropenes under mild conditions affords valuable acylcyclopropanes in moderate to high yields with high diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Enaminones in Aqueous Media Using Catalytic Dilute HCl.
Authors: Cui Bin , Wang Rui‐Hua , Chen Li‐Zhuang , Jin Yan , Ha Guang‐Fan
Published: September 2011

A highly efficient, environmentally friendly and Convenient method for the synthesis of enaminones (III) is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Recyclable Siloxy Serine Organocatalyst for the Direct Asymmetric Mannich Reactions in Ionic Liquids.
Authors: Yong Fui‐Fong , Teo Yong‐Chua
Published: September 2011

The used catalyst is prepared in a two‐step synthesis.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem One‐Pot Conversion of Aldehydes into Ethyl Esters
Authors: Siler Patrick J. , Chill Samuel T. , Mebane Robert C.
Published: September 2011

via nitrile intermediate
ChemInform Abstract: Saccharin Reaction with Cyanide.
Authors: Drochioiu Gabi , Deleanu Calin , Rusu Elena , Mangalagiu Ionel
Published: September 2011

The title reaction affords unexpectedly 2‐(cyanosulfonyl)benzamide (III) in low yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Recyclable Merrifield Resin‐Supported Thiourea Organocatalysts Derived from L‐Proline for Direct Asymmetric Aldol Reaction.
Authors: Li Jia , Yang Gengxu , Qin Yanyan , Yang Xinran , Cui Yuanchen
Published: September 2011

All resin‐supported thioureas (I) are efficient catalysts for the aldol reaction of cyclohexanone with aromatic aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Bidentate Lewis Acids for the Activation of 1,2‐Diazines — A New Mode of Catalysis.
Authors: Kessler Simon N. , Neuburger Markus , Wegner Hermann A.
Published: September 2011

Bidentate Lewis acid (BLA) is applied to catalyze the inverse electron demand Diels—Alder reaction of phthalazines with various enamines, most of which can be prepared in situ from pyrrolidine and ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Three‐Component Synthesis of New Unsymmetrical Oxindoles via Friedel—Crafts Type Reaction.
Authors: Ahadi Somayeh , Moafi Leila , Feiz Afsaneh , Bazgir Ayoob
Published: September 2011

Three‐component reaction of indandione (II) with isatins (I) and dimethylaniline (III) is efficiently catalyzed by LiClO4 to give title oxindoles (IV) in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Exercising Regiocontrol in Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Prenylations and Geranylation: Unifying Strategy Toward Flustramines A and B.
Authors: Trost Barry M. , Malhotra Sushant , Chan Walter H.
Published: September 2011

The regio‐ and stereoselective outcome of the reactions can be determined by an appropriate choice of ligand, solvent, and additive.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of (S,S,S)‐2‐Aza‐bicyclo[3.3.0]‐octane‐3‐carboxylic Acid Benzyl Ester: Formal Synthesis of Ramipril.
Authors: Kondaiah G. C. M. , Vivekanandareddy M. , Reddy L. Amarnath , Anurkar Smita V. , Gurav V. M. , Ravikumar M. , Bhattacharya Apurba , Bandichhor Rakeshwar
Published: September 2011

Using (S)‐1‐amino‐2‐(methoxymethyl)pyrrolidine (SAMP) (II) as chiral auxiliary, a new and innovative route to title compound (VIII), a key intermediate in the synthesis of the ACE inhibitor ramipril, is described.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel and Unusually Long‐Lived Chemiluminophore Based on the 7‐Hydroxycoumarin Scaffold.
Authors: Koci Jan , Grandclaude Virgile , Massonneau Marc , Richard Jean‐Alexandre , Romieu Anthony , Renard Pierre‐Yves
Published: September 2011

synthesis and chemiluminescent properties of new dioxetane (I)
ChemInform Abstract: Alternative Synthesis of Bilastine.
Authors: Collier Steven J. , Wu Xiang , Poh Zhiying , Rajkumar Gurubatham Abrahm , Yet Larry
Published: September 2011

The presented synthesis of bilastine (IX) provides the product in 26% overall yield.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Imidazo[4,5‐b]pyridine and Triaza‐benzo[c]fluorene Derivatives: Synthesis, Antiproliferative Activity and DNA Binding Studies.
Authors: Hranjec Marijana , Lucic Borka , Ratkaj Ivana , Kraljevic Pavelic Sandra , Piantanida Ivo , Pavelic Kresimir , Karminski‐Zamola Grace
Published: September 2011

Imidazopyridines (I), (IV), and (VII) are obtained via cyclocondensation between the corresponding diaminopyridines and acrylic acids and by condensation between methylimidazopyridines and cyanobenzaldehyde, resp.
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesized Novel Fluorinated Compound (LJJ‐10) Induces Death Receptor‐ and Mitochondria‐Dependent Apoptotic Cell Death in the Human Osteogenic Sarcoma U‐2 OS Cells.
Authors: Hour Mann‐Jen , Yang Jai‐Sing , Chen Tai‐Lin , Chen Kuan‐Tin , Kuo Sheng‐Chu , Chung Jing‐Gung , Lu Chi‐Cheng , Chen Chia‐Yi , Chuang Yi‐Hsuan
Published: September 2011

Benzamides (I), prepared by a standard methodology, provide access to quinazolinones (III) by thermal cyclodehydration/dehydrogenation.
ChemInform Abstract: New Condensed Pyrroles of Potential Biological Interest Syntheses and Structure—Activity Relationship Studies.
Authors: Mohamed Mosaad S. , Kamel Rehab , Fatahala Samar S.
Published: September 2011

Pyrrole derivatives such as (IV) and (V) are employed for the straightforward derivatization providing pyrrolo‐, pyrrolotriazolo‐, and pyrrolotetrazolopyrimidines as novel anti‐inflammatory and antimicrobial agents.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Antitumor and Antimicrobial Activities of 4‐(4‐Chlorophenyl)‐3‐cyano‐2‐(β‐O‐glycosyloxy)‐6‐ (thien‐2‐yl)‐nicotinonitrile.
Authors: El‐Sayed Hassan , Moustafa Ahmed H. , Haikal Abd El‐Fattah Z. , Abu‐El‐Halawa Rajab , El Ashry El Sayed H.
Published: September 2011

Glycosylation of pyridinone (IV) under conventional or microwave‐assisted conditions affords the corresponding O‐glycosides instead of the N‐glycosides.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Docking Studies of Gigantol Analogues as Calmodulin Inhibitors.
Authors: Reyes‐Ramirez Adelfo , Leyte‐Lugo Martha , Figueroa Mario , Serrano‐Alba Trinidad , Gonzalez‐Andrade Martin , Mata Rachel
Published: September 2011

Diphenylmethanes (II), diphenylethanes (VI) and (VIII), diphenylpropenones (XI), and diphenylpropanes (XII), are synthesized by simple methods in moderate to good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Curcumin Analogues as Possible anti‐Proliferative and Antiinflammatory Agents.
Authors: Katsori A.‐M. , Chatzopoulou M. , Dimas K. , Kontogiorgis C. , Patsilinakos A. , Trangas T. , Hadjipavlou‐Litina D.
Published: September 2011

Following a Claisen—Schmidt condensation between piperidine hydrochloride monohydrate (I) and aryl aldehydes (II) or an aldol condensation between (I) and aryl aldehydes (VI) gives rise to formation of curcumin analogues (III) and (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Discovery of LASSBio‐772, a 1,3‐Benzodioxole N‐Phenylpiperazine Derivative with Potent α 1A/D‐Adrenergic Receptor Blocking Properties.
Authors: Fraga Carlos A. M. , et al. et al.
Published: September 2011

The target compounds are designed by molecular hybridization of tamsulosin and BMY7378, and synthesized by using classical methodologies.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Fluorine Reagents in Preparative Organic Chemistry
Authors: Vorbrueggen Helmut
Published: September 2011

Review: 72 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Synthesis of α‐Alkylidene‐Substituted δ‐Lactones, γ‐Lactams and δ‐Lactams
Authors: Albrecht Anna , Albrecht Lukasz , Janecki Tomasz
Published: September 2011

Review: 82 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Environmental Benign Organic Synthesis Based on Advanced Biocatalysis Processes Regulated by a Chemical Method
Authors: Itoh Toshiyuki
Published: September 2011

Review: ca. 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Micro Reaction Technology
Authors: Wiles Charlotte , Watts Paul
Published: September 2011

Review: 201 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: New Chemistry Created by Silanols: From Supramolecular Aggregates to Next‐Generation Materials with Highly Regulated Structures
Authors: Unno Masafumi
Published: September 2011

Review: 32 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Non‐Covalent Immobilization of Asymmetric Organocatalysts
Authors: Zhang Long , Luo Sanzhong , Cheng Jin‐Pei
Published: September 2011

Review: 155 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Squaramides: Bridging from Molecular Recognition to Bifunctional Organocatalysis
Authors: Aleman Jose , Parra Alejandro , Jiang Hao , Joergensen Karl Anker
Published: September 2011

Review: 84 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Fluorinated Amino Acids.
Authors: Qiu Xiao‐Long , Qing Feng‐Ling
Published: September 2011

Review: 77 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Artificial Ribozyme‐Based Regulators of Gene Expression
Authors: Seemann Isabelle T. , Hartig Joerg S.
Published: September 2011

Review: ca. 80 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Rotational Barriers in Alkanes
Authors: Mo Yirong
Published: September 2011

Review: 56 refs.
Prediction of mass transfer coefficients in a pulsed disc and doughnut extraction column
Authors: Torab‐Mostaedi Meisam , Ghaemi Ahad , Asadollahzadeh Mehdi
Published: September 2011

A study of the mass transfer performance for a pulsed disc and doughnut extraction column has been presented for a range of operating conditions. The mass transfer performance has been investigated for both directions of mass transfer. This study has examined the mass transfer coefficients which has incorporated the effects of back‐mixing in the continuous phase. The effect of operating variables including pulsation intensity and dispersed and continuous phase velocities on volumetric overall mass transfer coefficient has been investigated. The experiments showed that mixer‐settler, transition and emulsion regimes exist in the column depending on the pulse characteristics. In the present work, effective diffusivity is substituted for molecular diffusivity in the Gröber equation for estimation of overall mass transfer coefficients. The enhancement factor is determined experimentally and there from a single empirical correlation is derived for prediction of enhancement factor in terms of Reynolds number, holdup and Eötvös number for all operating regimes and each mass transfer direction. The experimental results are in very good agreement with the values calculated by the proposed equation. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Cyclooxygenase Metabolites in the Kidney
Authors: Harris Raymond C. , Zhang Ming‐Zhi
Published: September 2011

In the mammalian kidney, prostaglandins (PGs) are important mediators of physiologic processes, including modulation of vascular tone and salt and water. PGs arise from enzymatic metabolism of free arachidonic acid (AA), which is cleaved from membrane phospholipids by phospholipase A2activity. The cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme system is a major pathway for metabolism of AA in the kidney. COX are the enzymes responsible for the initial conversion of AA to PGG2and subsequently to PGH2,which serves as the precursor for subsequent metabolism by PG and thromboxane synthases. In addition to high levels of expression of the “constitutive” rate‐limiting enzyme responsible for prostanoid production, COX‐1, the “inducible” isoform of cyclooxygenase, COX‐2, is also constitutively expressed in the kidney and is highly regulated in response to alterations in intravascular volume. PGs and thromboxane A2exert their biological functions predominantly through activation of specific 7‐transmembrane G‐protein‐coupled receptors. COX metabolites have been shown to exert important physiologic functions in maintenance of renal blood flow, mediation of renin release and regulation of sodium excretion. In addition to physiologic regulation of prostanoid production in the kidney, increases in prostanoid production are also seen in a variety of inflammatory renal injuries, and COX metabolites may serve as mediators of inflammatory injury in renal disease. © 2011 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol1:1729‐1758, 2011.
Cytodiagnosis of histoplasmosis: Case reports from two patients with variable clinical presentation
Authors: Singh Sunita , Chhabra Sonia , Goyal Ruchi , Garg Shilpa
Published: September 2011

Histoplasmosis has emerged as an important opportunistic fungal infection in immunocompromised patients. Histoplasma is a dimorphic fungus that primarily involves lung and the environmental reservoir is soil. Although several cases of histoplasmosis have been reported in India but cytological diagnosis was made in a few cases. We are presenting two cases of histoplasmosis diagnosed on fine‐needle aspiration cytology. In the first case, pulmonary histoplasmosis was diagnosed on transbronchial needle aspiration of lung in a 41‐year‐old immunocompetent male, while second case was of disseminated histoplasmosis in 40‐year‐old immunocompromised female diagnosed on cytology of cervical lymph node. FNAC is a simple, safe, and rapid technique to establish the initial diagnosis, thus promoting early treatment and favorable outcome especially in the immunocompromised patients. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2011; © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Identity and fate of Tbx4‐expressing cells reveal developmental cell fate decisions in the allantois, limb, and external genitalia
Authors: Naiche L.A. , Arora Ripla , Kania Artur , Lewandoski Mark , Papaioannou Virginia E.
Published: September 2011

T‐box gene Tbx4 is critical for the formation of the umbilicus and the initiation of the hindlimb. Previous studies show broad expression in the allantois, hindlimb, lung and proctodeum. We have examined the expression of Tbx4 in detail and used a Tbx4‐Cre line to trace the fates of Tbx4‐expressing cells. Tbx4 expression and lineage reveal that various distinct appendages, such as the allantois, hindlimb, and external genitalia, all arise from a single mesenchymal expression domain. Additionally, although Tbx4 is associated primarily with the hindlimb, we find two forelimb expression domains. Most notably, we find that, despite the requirement for Tbx4 in allantoic vasculogenesis, the presumptive endothelial cells of the allantois do not express Tbx4 and lineage tracing reveals that the umbilical vasculature never expresses Tbx4. These results suggest that endothelial lineages are segregated before the onset of vasculogenesis, and demonstrate a role for the peri‐vascular tissue in vasculogenesis. Developmental Dynamics 240:2290–2300, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pokes, sunburn, and hot sauce: Drosophila as an emerging model for the biology of nociception
Authors: Im Seol Hee , Galko Michael J.
Published: September 2011

The word “nociception” is derived from the Latin “nocere,” which means “to harm.” Nociception refers to the sensory perception of noxious stimuli that have the potential to cause tissue damage. Since the perception of such potentially harmful stimuli often results in behavioral escape responses, nociception provides a protective mechanism that allows an organism to avoid incipient (or further) damage to the tissue. It appears to be universal in metazoans as a variety of escape responses can be observed in both mammalian and non‐mammalian vertebrates, as well as diverse invertebrates such as leeches, nematodes, and fruit flies (Sneddon [2004] Brain Research Review 46:123–130; Tobin and Bargmann [2004] Journal of Neurobiology 61:161–174; Smith and Lewin [2009] Journal of Comparative Physiology 195:1089–1106). Several types of stimuli can trigger nociceptive sensory transduction, including noxious heat, noxious chemicals, and harsh mechanical stimulation. Such high‐threshold stimuli induce the firing of action potentials in peripheral nociceptors, the sensory neurons specialized for their detection (Basbaum et al. [2009] Cell 139:267–284). In vertebrates, these action potentials can either be relayed directly to a spinal motor neuron to provoke escape behavior (the so‐called monosynaptic reflex) or can travel via spinal cord interneurons to higher‐order processing centers in the brain. This review will cover the establishment of Drosophila as a system to study various aspects of nociceptive sensory perception. We will cover development of the neurons responsible for detecting noxious stimuli in larvae, the assays used to assess the function(s) of these neurons, and the genes that have been found to be required for both thermal and mechanical nociception. Along the way, we will highlight some of the genetic tools that make the fly such a powerful system for studies of nociception. Finally, we will cover recent studies that introduce new assays employing adult Drosophila to study both chemical and thermal nociception and provide an overview of important unanswered questions in the field. Developmental Dynamics 241:16–26, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genetic and developmental mechanisms underlying the formation of the Drosophila compound eye
Authors: Tsachaki Maria , Sprecher Simon G.
Published: September 2011

The compound eye of Drosophila melanogaster consists of individual subunits (“ommatidia”), each containing photoreceptors and support cells. These cells derive from an undifferentiated epithelium in the eye imaginal disc and their differentiation follows a highly stereotypic pattern. Sequential commitment of pluripotent cells to become specialized cells of the visual system serves as a unique model system to study basic mechanisms of tissue development. In the past years, many regulatory genes that govern the development of the compound eye have been identified and their mode of action genetically dissected. Transcription factor networks in combination with cell–cell signalling pathways regulate the development of the eye tissue in a precise temporal and spatial manner. Here, we review the recent advances on how a single‐cell‐layered epithelium is patterned to give rise to the compound eye. We discuss the molecular pathways controlling differentiation of individual photoreceptors, through which they acquire their functional specificity. Developmental Dynamics 241:40–56, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.