bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Review on Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) for Wastewater Remediation
Authors: Solanki V.S. , Pare B. , Gupta P. , Jonnalagadda S.B. , Shrivastava R.
Published: October 2020

In 21st century, organic and domestic wastes and discharges from varied chemical and manufacturing
industries to water bodies become a critical issue and challenge for the researchers, engineers and
policy makers. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are efficient, sustainable, economically viable
and green techniques to elimination on-degradable organic pollutants by biological and traditional
processes. A number of research articles have been published from the past two decades on the
wastewater treatment using various advanced oxidation processes. The main objective of this review
paper is to provide the quick view for researchers, academicians and scientists in the area of wastewater
treatment using various types of AOPs, which incorporate green principles involves in the processes
for removal of different pollutants and contaminants including dyes, phenols, pesticides, herbicides
etc. from wastewaters, with emphasis on the degradation efficiency of various photocatalysts. The
formation reactions of •OH radical and the mechanisms of degradation of various organic pollutants in
the wastewater is also discussed. This review covers various types of advanced oxidation processes,
viz., ozone-based processes, photocatalysis and Fenton-based reactions.
Synthesis, Spectral, Electrochemical, Antimicrobial and DNA Binding/Cleavage
Studies of Metal Complexes with Schiff Base of Fluoro Substituted Aniline
Authors: SARASWATHY G. , SANKARGANESH M. , ANITHA C. , KALANITHI M.
Published: October 2020

A new series of Schiff base complexes of transition (Fe3+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+) metal were synthesized from 4-fluoroaniline and
2-thiophene carboxaldehyde and structurally characterized by spectroscopic techniques. The Schiff base is found to be a bidentate ligand
and coordinates to the metal ion through azomethine nitrogen and sulphur atom of the thiophene ring. In fluorescence studies, an interaction
of Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions with the ligand was also studied. The Schiff base and its transition metal complexes showed inhibition activity
against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli), Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and antifungal
activity against Candida albicans.Electrochemical redox reactions of the metal complexes were analyzed by cyclic voltammetry. The
DNA binding properties of the complexes with HS-DNA have been explored by electron absorption spectroscopy. The cleavage reaction
of the synthesized ligand and its metal complexes was monitored by gel-electrophoresis method. The nuclease activity of the above
metal(II) complexes shows that the Cu(II) complex can cleave DNA effectively than ligand and other metal complexes.
Sınıf öğretmeni adaylarının matematik okuryazarlığı ve farkındalıklarının geliştirilmesine yönelik etkinlik temelli bir uygulama
Authors: Canbazoğlu H. Beyza , Tarım Kamuran
Published: October 2020

Araştırmanın amacı, sınıf öğretmeni adaylarının matematik okuryazarlıklarının geliştirilmesine yönelik öğretim etkinliklerinin planlanması, uygulanması ve öğretmen adaylarının matematik okuryazarlığına yönelik bir matematik etkinliği geliştirmesine ilişkin yansıtıcı görüşlerinin değerlendirilmesidir. Bu doğrultuda araştırmanın modeli, karma yöntem araştırma desenlerinden iç içe karma desen olarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu sınıf öğretmeni adaylarından oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak, “matematik okuryazarlığı başarı testi”, “matematik okuryazarlığı farkındalık testi”, “yansıtıcı görüş belirleme formu”, “matematik okuryazarlığının geliştirilmesine yönelik planlanan öğretim etkinlikleri” kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen bulgulara göre, matematik okuryazarlığının geliştirilmesine yönelik tasarlanan öğretim etkinliklerinin, sınıf öğretmeni adaylarının matematik okuryazarlık düzeylerini ve farkındalıklarını geliştirdiği belirlenmiştir. Tasarlanan öğretim etkinliğinin temelini oluşturan kubaşık öğrenme, matematik okuryazarlığına yönelik problem çözme ve sınıf öğretmeni adaylarının matematik okuryazarlığına yönelik etkinlik oluşturması, öğretmen adaylarının matematik okuryazarlığı başarılarını ve farkındalıklarını olumlu yönde etkilediği belirlenmiştir
Deep entity matching with pre-trained language models
Authors: Li Yuliang , Li Jinfeng , Suhara Yoshihiko , Doan AnHai , Tan Wang-Chiew
Published: October 2020

We present Ditto, a novel entity matching system based on pre-trained Transformer-based language models. We fine-tune and cast EM as a sequence-pair classification problem to leverage such models with a simple architecture. Our experiments show that a straight-forward application of language models such as BERT, DistilBERT, or RoBERTa pre-trained on large text corpora already significantly improves the matching quality and outperforms previous state-of-the-art (SOTA), by up to 29% of F1 score on benchmark datasets. We also developed three optimization techniques to further improve Ditto's matching capability. Ditto allows domain knowledge to be injected by highlighting important pieces of input information that may be of interest when making matching decisions. Ditto also summarizes strings that are too long so that only the essential information is retained and used for EM. Finally, Ditto adapts a SOTA technique on data augmentation for text to EM to augment the training data with (difficult) examples. This way, Ditto is forced to learn "harder" to improve the model's matching capability. The optimizations we developed further boost the performance of Ditto by up to 9.8%. Perhaps more surprisingly, we establish that Ditto can achieve the previous SOTA results with at most half the number of labeled data. Finally, we demonstrate Ditto's effectiveness on a real-world large-scale EM task. On matching two company datasets consisting of 789K and 412K records, Ditto achieves a high F1 score of 96.5%.
NeuroCard
Authors: Yang Zongheng , Kamsetty Amog , Luan Sifei , Liang Eric , Duan Yan , Chen Xi , Stoica Ion
Published: October 2020

Query optimizers rely on accurate cardinality estimates to produce good execution plans. Despite decades of research, existing cardinality estimators are inaccurate for complex queries, due to making lossy modeling assumptions and not capturing inter-table correlations. In this work, we show that it is possible to learn the correlations across all tables in a database without any independence assumptions. We present NeuroCard, a join cardinality estimator that builds a single neural density estimator over an entire database. Leveraging join sampling and modern deep autoregressive models, NeuroCard makes no inter-table or inter-column independence assumptions in its probabilistic modeling. NeuroCard achieves orders of magnitude higher accuracy than the best prior methods (a new state-of-the-art result of 8.5x maximum error on JOB-light), scales to dozens of tables, while being compact in space (several MBs) and efficient to construct or update (seconds to minutes).
Initial Assessment of Unmanned Aircraft System Characteristics Required to Fill Data Gaps for Short-term Forecasts: Results from Focus Groups and Interviews
Authors: Houston Adam L. , Walther Janell C. , Pytlikzillig Lisa M. , Kawamoto Jake
Published: October 2020

The integration of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) into the weather surveillance network must be guided by the data needs of the principal stakeholders. This work aims to assess data needs/gaps for short-term forecasts (<1-day lead time) issued by the National Weather Service (NWS) and then identify UAS characteristics required to fill these gaps. Results from focus groups and interviews of forecasters in the central United States are presented. Participant verbal responses were coded and then categorized into a set of 25 unique features. Each feature was classified according to four characteristics: 1) environmental properties that need to be measured to represent a given feature, 2) flight type (vertical profile, horizontal transect, and/or survey) 3) flight height required to measure the environmental properties, and 4) relevance of feature to the forecasting of deep convection. Findings indicate the majority of identified features require measurement of typical state variables (temperature, moisture, and wind), but more than a third require visual imagery. Almost all of the features require either survey flight operations or vertical profiles. Additionally, 96% of the features require observations collected below 1000 m. Nearly two-thirds of the features are associated with deep convection. This work represents the first step towards establishing how UAS could be used to fill data gaps that exist for short-term forecasts issued by the NWS. The results stand alone in demonstrating the potential applications of UAS from the perspective of operational forecasters and have also informed ongoing efforts to develop a nationwide survey of forecasters.
Matematika dalam Rasionalitas Al-Qur’an; Bukti Perenialisme Atas Nalar Saintifik
Authors: Aji Rizqon Halal Syah
Published: October 2020

AbstractIslam is a rational religion. Islam, through the Koran, can prove its rationality by proof of its perennial teachings. Rational perennial teachings are derived in profane life through scientific reasoning as well as mathematics and its derivatives. The verses of al-Qur'an are a form of aqliyah statement which is a guide for knowledgeable people to organize their lives in guiding their journey to find the truth. The proofs of rationality (aqliyah) in the Koran always prioritize logic but do not ascribe to al-Haqq. Mathematics is only a tool to absolute truth, but absolute truth belongs only to al-haqq. Muslim scientists who use their rationality have found their rational logic in discovering sciences to dissect knowledge so that it is beneficial to humans, however their devotion to Allah is getting stronger when breaking knowledge that was once empty into reality. Therefore, the rationality of the Qur'an can be described in mathematics, as a science that is full of the virtues of reason and logic.Keywords: Mathematics, Rationality, Perennialism, Al-Qur'an, Aqliyah, AbstrakIslam adalah agama rasional. Islam melalui al-Qur’an dapat dibuktikan nalar rasionalitasnya dengan bukti-bukti ajarannya yang perenial. Ajaran-ajaran perenial yang rasional diderivasikan dalam kehidupan profan melalui nalar saintifik seperti halnya ilmu matematika dan turunannya. Ayat-ayat al-Qur’an merupakan bentuk pernyataan aqliyah yang merupakan panduan insan berilmu untuk menata kehidupannya dalam memandu perjalanannya mencari kebenaran. Bukti-bukti rasionalitas (aqliyah) dalam al-Qur’an selalu mengedepankan logika namun tidak menisbikan yang al-Haqq. Matematika hanya alat menuju kebenaran mutlak akan tetapi kebenaran mutlak hanya milik al-haqq. Ilmuwan muslim yang menggunakan rasionalitasnya telah menemukan logika rasionalnya dalam menemukan ilmu-ilmu guna membedah pengetahuan sehingga bermanfaat bagi manusia, namun demikian ketaqwaan mereka terhadap Allah semakin kuat ketika memecahkan pengetahuan yang dulunya hampa menjadi kenyataan. Oleh karena itu rasionalitas al-Qur’an dapat diuraikan dalam ilmu matematika, sebagai ilmu yang penuh dengan keutamaan nalar dan logika.Kata Kunci: Matematika, Rasionalitas, Perenialisme, Al-Quran, Aqliyah
Validation of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder Screening Questionnaire (RBDSQ-BR)
Authors: PENA-PEREIRA Márcio Alexandre , SOBREIRA-NETO Manoel Alves , SOBREIRA Emmanuelle , CHAGAS Marcos Hortes Nisihara , OLIVEIRA Daniel Sabino de , RODRIGUES Guilherme Riccioppo , SOUZA Carolina Pinto de , ECKELI Alan Luiz , FERNANDES Regina Maria França , TUMAS Vitor
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT Introduction: A diagnosis of rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) currently requires confirmation with polysomnography (PSG). However, PSG may not be sufficiently available. In these situations, a clinical diagnostic measure might be useful. Objective: To validate the Brazilian Portuguese version of RBD screening questionnaire (RBDSQ) for patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Methods: Using detailed clinical interviews and PSG analysis (diagnostic gold standard), a convenience sample of 69 subjects was divided into the following subgroups: patients with PD and RBD (PD+RBD; n=50) and patients with PD alone (PD-RBD; n=19). Results: RBDSQ-BR showed adequate internal consistency (Cronbach’s α=0.809) and, except for item 8, adequate item-test correlation. The retest performed in a second sample (n=13, consecutive) showed high agreement for total score (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC=0.863) and acceptable agreement for items 2, 3, 6.2, 6.3, 7, and 8 (K>0.60). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.728. A cut-off score of 4 enabled the correct diagnosis of 76.8% subjects and provided the best balance between sensitivity (84%) and specificity (57.9%), with a 2.0 likelihood ratio of a positive result (LR+) and a 0.3 likelihood ratio of a negative result (LR-). Items 2 and 6.2 had 84.2% specificity and 3.2 LR+. Combined items 1+2+6.2, 2+6.1, and 6.1+6.2 increased the specificity to 94.7%, with LR+ ranging from 6.1 to 7.6. Conclusions: RBDSQ-BR is a reliable instrument, which may be useful for RBD diagnosis of Brazilian patients with PD. The instrument is also valid and may help in a better selection of cases for a more detailed clinical evaluation or even PSG analysis.
On Faith and Miracle: A Cosmological Perspective on Faith and Miracle as ‘Social Categories of Understanding’ in Brazilian Catholicism
Authors: Reesink Mísia Lins
Published: October 2020

Abstract The concepts of faith and miracle frequently appear in the anthropological literature on Christianity. Yet these phenomena are rarely employed as social categories of understanding, and this is particularly true for research related to Catholicism. By way of my own ethnographic experience in three different fieldwork sites of Brazil’s Northeast (Agüera - where apparitions of the Virgin Mary occur; Monte Santo - a Catholic pilgrimage sanctuary; and Casa Amarela, a neighbourhood in Recife, the capital of Pernambuco state), I argue that a cosmological perspective is central to understanding Brazilian Catholicism. Furthermore, and perhaps more importantly, such a perspective reveals faith and miracle as key elements to an understanding of Catholicism as it is lived in this context. As such, I suggest rethinking faith and miracle as “social categories of understanding,” which dialectically organize Catholic logic and cosmology: the interconnectivity of humans, nature, and the supernatural.
HOSPITALIDADE E INTEGRAÇÃO NA ARQUITETURA DO COMUM NAS SOCIABILIDADES ESCOLARES
Authors: Resende José Manuel , Gouveia Luís , Beirante David
Published: October 2020

Resumo O presente artigo parte de dados recolhidos de uma pesquisa centrada nas sociabilidades escolares, pretendendo-se, na esteira de uma sociologia dos envolvimentos e comunalidades, trazer à luz outros ângulos da justiça escolar e do fazer o comum na escola. É, concretamente, mobilizada uma técnica designada por questionário por cenários, em que, a partir de uma narrativa de carácter dilemático, pretende-se aceder aos sentidos morais evidenciados por alunos inquiridos. Analisamos em particular as inquietações em torno do respeito, reconhecimento, hospitalidade e decência trazidas à colação por esses atores nas interações e nos juízos críticos produzidos - juízos esses que transcendem leituras meramente feitas a partir dos dispositivos formais reguladores das condutas no espaço escolar.
SINTOMAS DE ANSIEDADE E ESTRESSE EM PROFESSORES DE EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA
Authors: Deffaveri Maiko , Méa Cristina Pilla Della , Ferreira Vinícius Renato Thomé
Published: October 2020

Resumo A educação no Brasil vem passando por constantes mudanças e os professores estão sendo acometidos por sintomas psicológicos que causam sofrimento e prejuízo. Neste artigo objetivou-se identificar sintomas de ansiedade e estresse em professores de educação básica. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo de cunho transversal em amostra de 200 professores de uma cidade do Rio Grande do Sul, divididos em três grupos conforme atuação: rede pública, privada e em ambas (pública/privada). Os instrumentos utilizados foram: questionário sociodemográfico e de saúde, LIS-A, LIS-E e DASS-21. Ocorreram maiores escores de ansiedade nos professores que atuam em ambas as redes, e os sintomas de estresse foram maiores nos docentes da rede pública.
Data librarianship as a field study
Authors: SEMELER Alexandre Ribas , PINTO Adilson Luiz
Published: October 2020

Abstract Data are generated during all human activities related to digital technology. In recent times, scientific research has increasingly opted for digital data as its primary source of data; data definition changes for different disciplines and researchers. In this context, we study the main characteristics of data librarianship as a specialized field of traditional librarianship concerned with data use in libraries. Our work is organized as follows: First, we present a proposed Venn diagram on the theoretical foundations of data librarianship; then, we point out the core skills needed by data librarians. Based on a non-exhaustive literature review, we point out the main topics of research in data librarianship. We describe the significance of research data, data management, data curatorship, and data repositories. Finally, we list a few certification courses in data librarianship. We conclude that data librarianship plays a dynamic role in the practical application of data technologies in libraries, and that professional development, certification, and training in data librarianship are interdisciplinary tasks linked to digital technologies.
Sınıf Öğretmeni Adaylarının İlkokuma Yazma Öğretiminde Animasyon ve Simülasyon Kullanımına Yönelik Deneyimleri ile İlgili Görüşleri
Authors: ASLAN Serkan
Published: October 2020

Bu araştırmanın amacı, sınıf öğretmeni adaylarının ilkokuma yazma öğretiminde animasyon ve simülasyon kullanımı ile ilgili deneyimlerine yönelik görüşlerini incelemektir. Araştırmada nitel araştırma modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın katılımcılarını sınıf eğitimi ana bilim dalında, dördüncü sınıfta öğrenim görmekte olan 24 öğretmen adayı oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak açık uçlu sorulardan oluşan bir anket formu kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde nitel veri analizlerinden biri olan içerik analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada öğretmen adaylarının ilkokuma yazma öğretiminde animasyon ve simülasyon kullanımına olumlu baktıkları, ilkokuma yazma öğretiminde animasyon ve simülasyon kullanımının öğrencilerin akademik başarılarını arttırdığı, kalıcı öğrenmelerini sağladığını, motivasyonlarını arttırdığı, harfleri öğrenmelerini kolaylaştırdığı, öğretmenlerin bilgisayar kullanma ve dijital teknolojiyi kullanma becerilerini geliştirdiği, dersin etkili, verimli ve eğlenceli geçmesine katkı sağladığı, zamanın tasarruflu kullanıldığı, disiplin problemlerini azalttığı, derinlemesine öğrenmeyi sağladığı sonuçları elde edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda öğretmen adayları ses esaslı ilkokuma yazma öğretiminin daha çok sesi hissetme ve tanıma aşamasında animasyon ve simülasyon kullandıklarını belirtmişlerdir. Öğretmen adayları, ilkokuma ve yazma öğretiminde animasyon ve simülasyon kullanımında zamanın yetersiz olması, animasyon ve simülasyon hazırlanmasında güçlüklerin olması gibi sorunlarla karşılaştıklarını belirtmişlerdir.
Yazılı Anlatımla İlgili Yüksek Lisans Tezlerinde Kullanılan Değişkenler Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: TEMİZKAN Mehmet , ERDEVİR Merve
Published: October 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı yazılı anlatımla ilgili yüksek lisans tezlerinde kullanılan değişkenleri çeşitli yönlerden değerlendirmektir. Çalışmada araştırılması hedeflenen olgu veya olgular hakkında bilgi içeren yazılı materyallerin analiz edilmesini sağlayan nitel araştırma yöntem ve tekniklerinden doküman incelemesi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın veri setini Türkçe Eğitimi alanında yazma becerisiyle ilgili olarak gerçekleştirilen yüksek lisans tezleri oluşturmaktadır. Veri seti, Yükseköğretim Kurulu Başkanlığı’nın tez veri tabanından “yazma, yazılı anlatım, yazma becerisi, yazılı anlatım becerisi” anahtar kelimeleri kullanılarak yapılan tarama sonucunda elde edilmiştir. Bu şekilde 1989 ile 2019 yılları arasında toplam 159 yüksek lisans tezi tespit edilmiştir. Bu tezler arşivlenerek öncelikle çalışmanın temel bakış açısını oluşturan “değişken” kavramı doğrultusunda incelenmiş ve değişken kullanılan yüksek lisans tezleri, değişken kullanılmayan yüksek lisans tezleri olmak üzere iki başlık altında sınıflandırılmıştır. Bu işlem sonucunda çalışmanın veri seti değişken kullanılan 70 yüksek lisans tezinden oluşmuştur. Veri setinde bulunan yüksek lisans tezleri “çalışmada kullanılan değişkenler, değişkenlere çalışmanın hangi başlıklarında yer verildiği (problem durumu, yöntem, bulgular, sonuçlar, öneriler vb.), değişkenlerin gerekçeleri” gibi ölçütler doğrultusunda analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda tezlerin problem durumu, problem cümlesi ve alt problemler, araştırmanın amacı ve önemi başlıklarında değişkenlere çok az yer verildiği, çalışmalarda kullanılan değişkenlerin niçin seçildiklerine ilişkin gerekçelerin açık bir şekilde ifade edilmediği, aynı değişkenlerle ilgili olarak farklı bulgulara ulaşıldığı, değişkenlerle ilgili çok az öneride bulunulduğu tespit edilmiştir.
El derecho a la ciudad como derecho emergente e innominado en el ordenamiento jurídico colombiano 1
Authors: Gnecco Quintero Carlos Alberto
Published: October 2020

Neste artigo, o objetivo é defender a tese de que o direito à cidade pode ser exigido no sistema jurídico colombiano, em termos de direitos emergentes e sem nome, por meio de uma série de normas e instrumentos reconhecidos pelo sistema jurídico. Colombiano, apesar de não ser positivo. Nesse sentido, por meio de um método de análise-síntese, concluiu-se que a Lei 9 de 1989, a Constituição Política de 1991, a Lei 388 de 1997, os planos de uso da terra (POT) e planos de desenvolvimento desenvolveram ou permitem desenvolver o conteúdo normativo e urbanístico do direito à cidade.
Testing comparative spatial planning studies in the Latin American context: theoretical implications and challenges for regional development
Authors: Blanc Francesca , Cotella Giancarlo
Published: October 2020

Até ao momento, os estudos comparativos de planeamento territorial têm-se foco predominantemente no continente europeu. Desde o final da década de 1980, um crescente número de estudos tem contribuído para a proliferação de abordagens teóricas e metodológicas, bem como para uma melhor definição do objeto de estudo. Ao mesmo tempo, a comparação orientada a outros países do mundo é menos frequente, se excluídos os 'estéreis' relatórios desenvolvidos por organizações internacionais. Com enfoque na investigação das razões por detrás deste vazio empírico, o artigo analisa as implicações teóricas e os desafios que emergem quando se aplicam no Sul Global estruturas conceptuais e analíticas desenvolvidas no Hemisfério Norte. Para fazer isso, o artigo enfatiza o papel do legado colonial e, em seguida, argumenta a necessidade de ‘ir além da eficiência técnica’ do planeamento e considerar as relações de poder dominantes escondidas por trás da aparente neutralidade dos sistemas de planeamento e governança do território, particularmente em contextos onde as desigualdades espaciais são mais profundas. Nesse sentido, o artigo sugere considerar as práticas informais paralelamente às formais, como uma maneira de entender melhor os elementos que estruturam os sistemas de planeamento territorial e governança no Sul Global. Em suma, testar estudos comparativos de planeamento territorial na América Latina pode oferecer um valor agregado ao desenvolvimento regional, estabelecendo uma agenda regional para um planeamento do território mais integrado e cooperativo.
Novel In Vivo Regeneration System of Tomato v1
Authors: not provided yanyeruan
Published: October 2020

Plant in vitro regeneration is an important constituent part of horticulture technology and modern molecular breeding. However, many elite commercial cultivars are difficult to culture and regenerate. We need In-depth regeneration mechanism research to address the barrier. Here, we developed a simple, high-efficiency tomato in vivo regeneration method through removing all shoot apex of an intact tomato plant. This indirect regeneration via an intermediate callus phase are not introduced by plant growth regulators. We propose that this process can be used as a model system to investigate the mechanisms that regulate indirect regeneration of higher plants.
Syngenta divergent strain screen protocol v1
Authors: Barlow Ida , Mcdermott-Rouse Adam , Feriani Luigi
Published: October 2020

Protocol for screening the 12 divergent C. elegans strains with 100 Syngenta pesticide drugs at 3 concentrations and imaging under baseline and bluelight conditions using the Hydra (Loopbio) imaging rigs. The twelve strains were imaged over two days of tracking and on each day of tracking six strains were imaged across all drugs and all concentrations with 3 replicates for all conditions. This protocol should be repeated at least 3 times.
2 Methods for DNA Adsorption on a Mica Substrate for AFM Imaging in Fluid v1
Authors: J. Haynes Philip , H. S. Main Kavit , L Pyne Alice
Published: October 2020

This is part 2 of the "Atomic Force Microscopy of DNA and DNA-Protein Interactions" collection of protocols. Collection Abstract: Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a microscopy technique that uses a sharp probe to trace a sample surface at nanometre resolution. For biological applications, one of its key advantages is its ability to visualize substructure of single molecules and molecular complexes in an aqueous environment. Here, we describe the application of AFM to determine the secondary and tertiary structure of surface-bound DNA, and it’s interactions with proteins.
5Methods for DNA-protein imaging by AFM in fluid v1
Authors: J. Haynes Philip , H. S. Main Kavit , L Pyne Alice
Published: October 2020

This is part 5 of the "Atomic Force Microscopy of DNA and DNA-Protein Interactions" collection of protocols. Collection Abstract: Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a microscopy technique that uses a sharp probe to trace a sample surface at nanometre resolution. For biological applications, one of its key advantages is its ability to visualize substructure of single molecules and molecular complexes in an aqueous environment. Here, we describe the application of AFM to determine the secondary and tertiary structure of surface-bound DNA, and it’s interactions with proteins.
CIVIC AND NONCIVIC ACTIVISM UNDER AUTOCRACY: SHIFTING POLITICAL SPACE FOR POPULAR COLLECTIVE ACTION*
Authors: Chen Xi
Published: October 2020

China is an authoritarian state with different sophisticated strategies for dealing with popular contention. Research shows that the Chinese state sharply distinguishes between popular protests on materialist claims and those on nonmaterialist claims, but it is rarely recognized that in China civic activism faces a dramatically different political environment than noncivic activism. While the distinction between civic and noncivic activism has seldom played an important role in differentiating state strategies in democracies and some other authoritarian regimes, I contend that the Chinese state has developed sharply different strategies based on this distinction throughout the history of People’s Republic. To account for different strategic patterns, we need to investigate the functions that different types of popular collective action can fulfill and the threats they may pose to the regime. Using labor and feminist activism as examples, this article examines the evolution of the space for civic and noncivic activism in three historical periods—Mao’s era, the Reform era, and Xi’s era. It elucidates how regime transformations interacted with the nature of claims to produce different political environment for popular collective action in China.
A PROTEST SOCIETY EVALUATED: POPULAR PROTESTS IN CHINA, 2000–2019*
Authors: Jay Chen Chih-Jou
Published: October 2020

This article reveals the trends and characteristics of popular protests in China, drawing evidence from a database the author built by collecting more than 12,000 news stories on China’s mass protests from 2000 to 2019. The data present the ups and downs of China’s social protests over the past two decades, showing that social protest in China has been diffused widely throughout different social groups and has covered a vast variety of issues across a wide geographical area. However, despite the trend of subsiding protests after the mid-2010s, the Chinese state has a lower capacity to channel popular protests into institutionalized forms as in the norm in democratic polities. Under Xi Jinping’s rule in 2013–19, the regime has been relying on increasing surveillance and repression to squash protest activities. Police have also been more inclined to arrest protesters. This study concludes that the dynamics of social protests in China are contingent on its state-society relations and the state’s capacity of channeling contentious politics into more institutionalized forms.
Predictive value of respiratory parameters in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Yakovlev A V , Mayanskaya S D , Shilov S N , Teplyakov A T , Shirinsky I V , Yakovleva N F
Published: October 2020

Aim. To study individual functional parameters of respiration in different phases of sleep in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and to assess their effect on the clinical course of the disease.

Methods. The study included 86 men with OSA [with an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) 15 per hour]. Upon inclusion in the study, all patients underwent a polysomnographic study and echocardiography, the level of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) was determined, a six-minute walk test was performed. After 12 months of prospective observation, the patients were divided into 2 groups according to the clinical course of chronic heart failure: with unfavorable (n=33) and favorable (n=53) clinical course. The prognostic significance of the studied parameters of respiration to the course of the disease was assessed by using logistic and linear regression.

Results. A significant role of the following respiratory parameters as predictors of chronic heart failure progression was established: obstructive apnea-hypopnea index for the entire night sleep [odds ratio (OR) 1.04, p=0.002] and in the phase of rapid eye movement sleep (REM) (ОR 1.24, p=0.001); the index of respiratory disorders for the entire sleep period (ОR 1.06, p=0.044) and in REM sleep phase (ОR 1.25, p=0.003). For hospital readmission, the predictive role was determined for obstructive apnea/hypopnea index for REM phase (ОR 1.07, p=0.044) and index of respiratory disorders for REM phase (ОR 1.13, p=0.040).

Conclusion. The prognostic value of the obstructive apnea-hypopnea index and the index of respiratory disorders for the entire night sleep and in the phase of REM sleep was revealed for patients with OSA and chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, which allows considering these parameters as independent predictors of an unfavorable clinical course in this group of patients.
Integrated approach for the preoperative correction of anemia for liver resection in patients with colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Alborov A E , Hanevich M D , Bessmeltsev S S , Rozanova O E , Glazanova T V , Romanenko N A
Published: October 2020

Aim. To study the features of the pathogenesis of anemia in patients with colorectal cancer and metastatic liver damage, as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of etiological correction of anemia in the preoperative period.

Methods. 90 patients with colorectal liver metastases and anemia (hemoglobin content 7595 g/L), who were observed at the City Clinical Oncological Center of St. Petersburg between 2014 and 2020, were included. The patients were divided into two groups. The first group consisted of prospectively assessed patients with the preoperative correction of anemia by iron supplements (intravenously 7 mg/kg once a week) and recombinant erythropoietin (subcutaneously 150 IU/kg 3 times a week). The second group included retrospectively assessed patients with the correction of anemia only by red blood cell (RBC) transfusion (13 doses). The groups were comparable for gender [sex ratio (male/female) was 17:31 and 16:26 for the first and the second groups, respectively; p 0.5], age (63.31.4 and 60.21.2 years, respectively; p 0.1) and hemoglobin content (87.41.0 and 86.70.9 g/l, respectively; p 0.2).

Results. In studying the causes of anemia, a decrease in the mean serum endogenous erythropoietin level was revealed in most patients (36.71.9 mIU/ml with the required 70 mIU/ml). A decrease in the concentration of serum iron (6.60.3 versus 15.10.8 mol/l) and ferritin (15.51.9 versus 102.48.4 g/ml) levels were revealed. At the same time, there was no difference in the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines in patients with anemia and healthy controls (tumor necrosis factor , interleukin-1, interleukin-6; p 0.2), which indicates a low activity of the immune system in response to a tumor, due to conducted chemotherapy. In the preoperative correction of anemia, a positive effect was achieved with both iron supplementation with erythropoietin preparation (the hemoglobin level increased from 87.61.0 to 108.10.9 g/l; p 0.01) and RBC transfusion (from 86.70.9 to 114.60.6 g/l; p 0.01).

Conclusion. In patients with colorectal liver metastases, the most common causes of anemia were low levels of erythropoietin and iron deficiency; also for this group of patients, the prescription of erythropoietin and intravenous iron preparations are effective for the preoperative correction of anemia.
Spectrum and frequency of BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2, PALB2, RAD50 mutations in breast cancer patients in the Republic of Bashkortostan
Authors: Pushkarev A V , Sultanbaeva N I , Pushkarev V A , Nasretdinov A F , Menshikov K V , Musin Sh I , Minniakhmetov I R , Gilyazova I R , Izmailov A A , Sultanbaev A V
Published: October 2020

Aim. To assess the spectrum and frequency of mutations in patients with hereditary breast cancer from the Republic of Bashkortostan.

Methods. The material for the study was sections of fresh frozen, formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tumor tissue from 100 unrelated patients with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of breast cancer. The study was carried out using two methods: real-time polymerase chain reaction and next-generation sequencing-NGS.

Results. By using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the 5382insC mutation in the BRCA1 gene was detected in 12 cases. By using a next-generation sequencing method (NGS), highly penetrant mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2, PALB2 and RAD50 were revealed in 16 patients. In total, these methods detected mutations in 28 patients. Out of a total of probands in the BRCA1 gene, mutations were detected in 13 patients, that included 12 patients with the 5382insC mutation, and 1 patient with c.3143delG. In the BRCA2 gene, mutations were revealed in 3 patients, of which c.6621_6622del in 2 patients and c.-39-1_-39delGA in 1 patient. Mutations in CHEK2 were detected in 5 patients: c.470TC in 3 patients, c.444+1GA in 2 patients. The 1592delT mutation in PALB2 was found in 4 patients. The c.2157delA mutation in RAD50 was detected in 3 patients.

Conclusion. Pathogenic mutations in BRCA1/2, CHEK2, PALB2 and RAD50 were found in 28 patients with a hereditary feature of the disease; the identification of highly penetrant mutations in probands allowed us to determine their relatives, probable carriers of mutations, which were referred for genetic counselling.
On the activities of the Kazan Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology during the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945
Authors: Reshetnikova I D , Isaeva G Sh , Kulikov S N , Gabidullina S N
Published: October 2020

The article was prepared for the 75th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War and the 120th anniversary of the Kazan Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology. The paper presents the contributions of the Kazan Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology staff in the sacred cause of victory over fascism to protect the health of soldiers and civilians of our homeland during the Great Patriotic War. The scientific research data and production activities of the institute are presented. The institute turned out to be practically the closest microbiological institution to the front, having the necessary laboratory equipment and a production base. The institute launched the production of medications, including 4 types of anti-gangrenous serums, anti-dysenteric tablets, tetanus toxoid, anti-typhoid tablets, dysenteric dry bacteriophage, dysenteric subcutaneous vaccine, pentavacine, typhoid vaccine, antibiotic gramicidin and others.
Results of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in patients with high density kidney calculi
Authors: Ensebaev Erlan Zh. , Bajgaskinov Zhaksybay K.
Published: October 2020

A study of the efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) in patients with urolithiasis with renal calculi of high-density (1000 HU) and size less than 20 mm was carried out. A total of 18 patients underwent 54 ESWL sessions. The tolerability of the treatment was satisfactory. The best results were obtained in patients with structural heterogeneity of calculi with a difference in the density of different sections of the calculus according to multi-slice computer tomography data of more than 500 HU. Such calculi disintegrated more easily during ESWL.
High-Resolution Imaging of the ML 2.9 August 2019 Earthquake in Lancashire, United Kingdom, Induced by Hydraulic Fracturing during Preston New Road PNR-2 Operations
Authors: Kettlety Tom , Verdon James P. , Butcher Antony , Hampson Matthew , Craddock Lucy
Published: October 2020

Hydraulic fracturing (HF) at Preston New Road (PNR), Lancashire, United Kingdom, in August 2019, induced a number of felt earthquakes. The largest event (ML 2.9) occurred on 26 August 2019, approximately three days after HF operations at the site had stopped. Following this, in November 2019, the United Kingdom Government announced a moratorium on HF for shale gas in England. Here we provide an analysis of the microseismic observations made during this case of HF-induced fault activation. More than 55,000 microseismic events were detected during operations using a downhole array, the vast majority measuring less than Mw 0. Event locations revealed the growth of hydraulic fractures and their interaction with several preexisting structures. The spatiotemporal distribution of events suggests that a hydraulic pathway was created between the injection points and a nearby northwest–southeast-striking fault, on which the largest events occurred. The aftershocks of the ML 2.9 event clearly delineate the rupture plane, with their spatial distribution forming a halo of activity around the mainshock rupture area. Across clusters of events, the magnitude distributions are distinctly bimodal, with a lower Gutenberg–Richter b-value for events above Mw 0, suggesting a break in scaling between events associated with hydraulic fracture propagation, and events associated with activation of the fault. This poses a challenge for mitigation strategies that rely on extrapolating microseismicity observed during injection to forecast future behavior. The activated fault was well oriented for failure in the regional stress field, significantly more so than the fault activated during previous operations at PNR in 2018. The differing orientations within the stress field likely explain why this PNR-2 fault produced larger events compared with the 2018 sequence, despite receiving a smaller volume of injected fluid. This indicates that fault orientation and in situ stress conditions play a key role in controlling the severity of seismicity induced by HF.
Hexagonal ring microstrip patch antennas for PCS and S-band radar applications
Authors: Dogusgen Erbas Cihan
Published: October 2020

In this study, two hexagonal ring microstrip patch antennas for Personal Communication Service (PCS/1850-1990 MHz) and S-band (2000-4000 MHz) radar applications are proposed and simulation results for antenna performance parameters are presented. The antennas consist of a hexagonal ring patch, a ground plane and a dielectric substrate in between. Edge length of each square antenna is 25 mm. Substrate height is 4.3 mm. Relative permittivity and loss tangent of the substrate material are 15.5 and 0.0001, respectively. Distance from center of the antennas to inner and outer hexagon corners are 4 mm and 10.19 mm, respectively. The antennas are fed by a 50-ohm coaxial probe. Depending on the feed location, resonant frequency and therefore application choice is achieved. Center of the antennas is denoted as (0, 0) mm. For the feed location of (-1.50, -4.19) mm, the antenna for PCS application resonates between 1830-2035 MHz with a bandwidth of 205 MHz. Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) value at 1900 MHz is 1.1097. Unidirectional radiation patterns are obtained for both Ø=0ᴼ and Ø=90ᴼ planes. Maximum radiations occur at boresight with radiation levels of 12.09 dB and 12.10 dB for Ø=0ᴼ and Ø=90ᴼ planes, respectively. Maximum gain is 3.26 dBi for Ø=0ᴼ plane and 3.09 dBi for Ø=90ᴼ plane. For the feed location of (-7.36, 0.95) mm, the antenna for S-band application resonates between 3280-4015 MHz covering S-band with a bandwidth of 735 MHz. The frequency range and bandwidth are suitable for the radar application. VSWR value at the resonant frequency of 3650 MHz is 1.0164. Again, unidirectional radiation patterns are obtained for both Ø=0ᴼ and Ø=90ᴼ planes. Maximum radiations occur at boresight with radiation levels of 5.82 dB and 5.75 dB for Ø=0ᴼ and Ø=90ᴼ planes, respectively. Maximum gain is 4.14 dBi for Ø=0ᴼ plane and 4.03 dBi for Ø=90ᴼ plane.
The Positive Effects of University Autonomy on e-Learning under the Circumstances of Public Universities in Vietnam
Authors:   Vietnam Maritime University, Hai Phong City, Vietnam, Nguyen Dinh-Thuy-Huong , Anh-Khoi Ngo-Ho , Tran Thi-Thuy
Published: October 2020

For nearly 30 years since the establisment of the two national unviersities, the first steps for autonomy of unviersities, autonomy of university has become a must-be obligation implied by the State, instead of a favorable social trend in Vietnam. Beginning approximately at the same moment, in the global education market, e-learning has been developed as a derivation of distanced learning. This article aims to analyze the advantages of autonomy of university which help to promote this new manner of learning. By the analysis, it could be possible for public universities to decide to participate in to the e-learning market and clarify exactly to whom the program of e-learning will deserve.
Explore and Practice of China's Intelligent “New Engineering” — Based on the Grounded Theory
Authors:   Chongqing University, China, Qin Jingyi , Li Hua , Chen Xiu , Feng Wen
Published: October 2020

In the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0, emerging intelligent information technologies represented by the Internet of Things, big data, artificial intelligence, etc. are triggering a new round of educational reforms, driving human education to transition to intelligent education. This article adopts the 612 national-level new engineering research and practice projects released by China in 2018 that involve the integration of new engineering and wisdom education in universities and colleges that also implement the integration of the two in addition to the New Engineering Research and Practice Project，A total of 80 colleges and universities practice samples as research objects，With the help of the grounded theory system, a fusion model consisting of 755 original sentences, 77 concepts, 25categories, 7main categories, and 3 core categories-the TCG model. Its integration path is: Block chain: more open and more credible new ideas; Internet + education: the construction of a curriculum system that combines theory and practice with individuality and multiple coexistence; emotional skills perception + cloud computing: intelligent new teachers Strength training; AI + VR: construction of an open and immersive second learning world; big data + the Internet of Things: the establishment of a precise and intelligent management system; big data + artificial intelligence: the construction of a new mechanism of evaluation and incentives; the Internet of Things + none Seamless Interconnection: Comprehensive Perception of Government-Industry-Research Cooperation System.
Pregnancy outcome in patients with fibroid: a retrospective study
Authors: Dadhania Bintu H. , Mehta Shital T. , Yadava Pushpa A. , Raval Bina M. , Shah Bhavi S. , Sisodiya Viditsinh P. , Dadhania Jay H.
Published: October 2020

Background: Fibroids are benign smooth muscle cell tumour of the uterus. In some patients of pregnancy associated with fibroid, it does not affect the outcome of pregnancy. On the other hand, various complications have been reported. The aim of our study was to evaluate the outcome in antenatal women with fibroids.Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at tertiary care center, obstetrics & gynecology department over a period of eighteen months between June 2018 to November 2019. Total 26 pregnant patients with >3 cm fibroid was included in the study. They were followed during antenatal period. Maternal age, parity, size of fibroid, complications during pregnancy, labour, and delivery, mode of delivery and indications of cesarean section were noted.Results: Out of 26 patients, 15 (57.6%) were between 26-30 years of age group and 16 (61.53%) were multigravidas. Normal vaginal delivery occurred in 8 (33.33%), while 16 (66.66%) delivered by caesarean section. There were 9 (34.61%) patients who had no complication whereas 17 (65.38%) had some complication. Pain was present in 8 (30.76%). PROM and preterm labour were present in 3 (18.75%) and 5 (19.23%) respectively. PPH was present in 2 (7.69%).Conclusions: Pregnant patients who have fibroids are to be carefully screened in the antenatal period, so as to have a regular follow up. The widespread use of ultrasonography has facilitated diagnosis and management of fibroids in pregnancy. The site and size of fibroid is very important to predict its effect on pregnancy.
Emergency peripartum hysterectomy: a 3 year review at a tertiary care hospital in Vindhya region of India
Authors: Khatik Neha , Pandey Avani , Yadav Shabd Singh , Yadav Kalpana
Published: October 2020

Background: Emergency peripartum hysterectomy (EPH), although rare in modern obstetric, still performed as lifesaving surgical procedure to control haemorrhage that is unresponsive to conservative treatment. The objective of this study was to review the incidence, indications, and predisposing factors and associated complications of EPH.Methods: The present study is a retrospective study included 37 women who underwent EPH over a period of 3 year. The records were collected from medical record department.Results: 37 patients underwent EPH during this period making an incidence of 1.1 per 1000 deliveries. Most common indication of EPH in present study was morbidly adherent placenta (MAP) seen in 19 cases (51.4%). 36 patients (97.4%) patient underwent cesarean section at the time of their index pregnancy and 25 out of 37 (67.6%) patient had undergone prior cesarean delivery. 20 (54%) patients underwent total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH) and 17 (46%) patients underwent subtotal hysterectomy (STH). Mean operative time, estimated blood loss, injury to urinary tract, febrile illness and duration of hospital stay was higher in TAH group as compared to STH group but difference was not statistically significant except for estimated blood loss. Maternal mortality was seen in 20% of cases and neonatal mortality was seen in 56.8% of cases.Conclusions: EPH although lifesaving but have devastating consequences. EPH should be performed with a multidisciplinary team approach. Measures should be taken to reduce caesarean section rate.