bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intelligent Displacement Back Analysis Method of Three-Dimension Applied in Unsymmetrical Pressure Tunnel with Shallow Depth
Authors: Wan Liang Yong , Zhang Xue Feng , Liu Kai Yun
Published: September 2011

Artificial neural network has been widely used in displacement back analysis, but it has the problems of large sample, over-fitting, local optimization and poor generalization performance, so it has the poor adaptability in the Geotechnical Engineering. Support Vector Machines algorithm has the advantages of small sample, global optimization and generalization performance. A direct optimization method based on genetic algorithm and the improved support vector regression algorithm (GA-SVR) is applied in order to identify multinomial parameters intelligently and forecast displacements fast and exactly, combined with an unsymmetrical pressure tunnel with shallow depth section of the left line of import in BEIKOU Tunnel on Zhangjiakou-Shijiazhuang highway. The application result shows the new type of intelligent displacement back analysis could obtain accurately the parameters of rock mechanics and initial stress in limited monitoring data and provide parameters for ahead-forecast of rock deformation.
The Research on Soil-Structural Dynamic Interaction
Authors: Dong Xiao Li , Hao Jun Hong , Wang Yan Zhen , Wang Rui Hua
Published: September 2011

This paper will introduce the basic methods of soil-structure dynamic interaction at home and abroad, and analysis the advantages and disadvantages of these methods. Finally, the paper will put forward opinions on the research tendency of soil-structure dynamic interaction.
Capacity Analysis of Anti-Slide Pile with Concrete Filled Steel Tubular
Authors: Hu Xiao , Gao Yong Tao
Published: September 2011

Abstract. As the concrete filled steel tubular has a higher loading capacity, smaller section, stronger rigidity, better deformation and capacity of absorbing energy, besides of its easier construction without formworks, it has a perfect perspective of landslide treatment engineering, while served for anti-slide pile. This paper introduced concrete filled steel tubular briefly, focused on computing formulas of loading capacity and rigidity, and provides references to design of in landslide treatment.
Experimental Study on Shear Mechanical Characteristics of Cohesionless Granular Material
Authors: Xia Hong Chun , Zhou Guo Qing , Du Ze Chao
Published: September 2011

The direct shear mechanical characteristics of gravel, sand and steel particle were studied systematically using DRS-1 high normal stress direct and residual shear apparatus. The results show that the shear mechanical characteristics of gravel, sand and steel particle is different under different normal stress condition. For steel particle, the curves of shear stress-shear displacement present strain softening regardless of the magnitude of normal stress, and the shear displacement corresponding to the peak shear stress increases with the normal stress. Under low normal stress condition, the volume of fine gravel and steel particle expand, but the fine sand contracts at the beginning of direct shear and then contracts. Under high normal stress condition, the volume of steel particle contracts at the beginning of the direct shear and then contracts, but the fine sand and fine gravel contract throughout the direct shear. The particle breakage has significant effect on the shear strength of fine sand and fine gravel. Under the same high normal stress condition, the volume of fine gravel is greater than that of fine sand, which indicates that the fine gravel is easier to be crushed than the fine sand.
Judgement Method for Surrounding Rock Stability of Guanjiao Tunnel Based on Catastrophe Theory
Authors: Li Wen Jiang , Zhang Su Min , Han Xian Min
Published: September 2011

The stability judgement of surrounding rock is one of the key jobs in tunnel engineering. Taking the Erlongdong fault bundle section of Guanjiao Tunnel as the background, the stability of surrounding rock during construction of soft rock tunnel was discussed preliminarily. Based on plastic strain catastrophe theory, and combining numerical results and in-situ data, the limit displacements for stability of surrounding rock were analyzed and obtained corresponding to the in-situ monitoring technology. It shows that the limit displacements obtained corresponds to engineering practice primarily. The plastic strain catastrophe theory under unloading condition provides new thought for ground stability of deep soft rock tunnel and can be good guidance and valuable reference to construction decision making and deformation managing of similar tunnels.
The Analysis of the Post Anchorage Foundation of a Certain Bridge with Double Layer Arch Tower
Authors: Jiang Yue Nan , Wu Ji Min
Published: September 2011

Yixing Jingyi bridge was a cable stayed bridge with double layer arch tower—the main tower and the vice tower. When the main tower was lifting the pile in the post anchorage foundation only bear compression rather than tension. In this paper, the special design of pile cap was introduced, then the lower pile cap was analyzed by software ABAUQS. Finally, the displacement of the foundation was calculated by considering the effect of pile-soil-cap interaction.
Deformation Memory Effect Identification Using Fractal Dimension in the Stress Region above Crack Initiation Threshold
Authors: Wang Hai Jun , Ren Xu Hua , Zhang Ji Xun
Published: September 2011

Deformation memory effect (DME) is one of the rock memory effects. One important application of the DME is to determine the in situ stress. The in situ stress measurement methods based on the DME are commercial and permit large number of measurements. Application of DME needs the reliable and effective identification methods to detect the DME. However, the existing identification methods are insufficient and not distinct. In this paper, a new method based on fractal dimension was proposed. It takes advantage of the increase of the irregularity of the stress-strain curve after the previous maximum stress attained. Numerical models for the sandstone and granite were developed based on the contact bond model in PFC2D. Fractal dimension method was employed to detect the DME for two types of the rock. The results demonstrate that the fractal dimension method is effective and reliable in the identification of DME in rock.
The Solution of Axial Symmetry Elastic Plates on a Bossinesq Subgrade with Displacement Variational Principles
Authors: Wang You Kai , Wang En , Liang Wei Min
Published: September 2011

The contact stress between subgrade and subgrade plate was regarded as external force to subgrade. The circular subgrade is divided into rings, and supposing that the contact stress on rings is exerted on elastic subgrade sequentially. The potential energy functions of Bossinesq subgrade are derived by using superposition theorem and Bossinesq solution of elastic mechanics. The potential energy functions were given for the whole system of subgrade, subgrade plate and external forces. The displacement and stress state can be calculated with the principle of minimum potential energy through the potential energy function of the whole system.
Preliminary Study on Application of Metal Members with Corrugated Webs in the Supports of Soft Rock
Authors: Wu Li Li , Yu Zhen , Zhang Dong Dong
Published: September 2011

A new type of metal support named H-Shaped members with corrugated webs is put forward for the soft rock tunnels or roadways supports. The H-shaped member with corrugated webs is welded by corrugated webs and plain flange steel plates. The loading behaviors of the members are greatly improved by the corrugation in the webs compared with that of the members with plain webs. The new type of support has fair good mechanical performances with its own merits, including easy fabrication, fast construction etc. especially it can adapt to the large deformation of soft rocks. The elastic buckling behaviors are analyzed for the new horse-shoe shape supports with corrugated webs. The influences of the sectional parameters on the elastic buckling loads are discussed herein. Results show that the wave amplitude and wave height of corrugated webs have less influence on the buckling loads than those of the height of the webs and the width of the flanges etc. Some problems worth studying in the future for the new type of tunnel supports are also raised. Keywords: corrugated web; support structure; soft rock; tunnel; buckling
Research on Water Environment Problem for Landscape Design of Waterfront Districts
Authors: Chen Yuan Yuan , Gao Xue Ping , Zhang Chen
Published: September 2011

During the landscape design of the waterfront district, the designers often lack of full attention to the water environment problems and lack of system theory knowledge, so that some water environment problems (poor hydrodynamic, deteriorated water quality et al) will be emerged during long term operation of water landscape. For avoiding above problems, numerical simulation can be used in studies of water environment problems during the process of the landscape design. For explaining the application of the 3D numerical model, water environment problems above are studied in the Qilihai Lagoon, including flow field, water exchange and sediment deposition. The numerical model is tested validly by the measured dates.
The Preparation and Research of PVA Embedding Zr-AC Phosphorus Adsorbent
Authors: Zhang Jian Min , Li Hong Ji , Gao Zhan Yao , Li Ni
Published: September 2011

The hydration ZrOH was loaded in the powdered activated carbon（PAC）,the aim to modify activated carbon, then the mixed liquor including poval(PVA) and sodium alginate tech grade (SV) , as the embedding agent ,embedded the modified PAC.The main investigation were that the hydration ZrOH concentration,the ratio of embedding agent composition and Curing liquid ingredient etc. influence the phosphorus removal . The orthogonal experiment determined the optimum prepared conditions of embedding adsorbent. The experimental results showed that : the optimum loaded conditions were that PAC average particle size was 0.5-1.0mm, hydration ZrOH concentration was 0.04mol/L;the optimum embedded preparation conditions were PVA mass concentration for 8%，SV mass concentration for 1.2%; the optimum cured conditions were the curing liquid ingredient was saturated boric acid with 2% CaCl2. The adsorption of phosphorus removal efficiency was 99.27%.
A Monitoring Test Study on Soft Clay Treatment by Preloading with Plastic Drainage Pipe
Authors: Zhang Yong Mou , Zhao Jian Chang
Published: September 2011

According to the monitoring results of soft clay treated by preloading with plastic drainage pipe, the consolidation settlement effect of soft clay with 50kPa preloading load, 21m plastic pipe, 1.2m and 1.5m distance was compared with that of 30kPa preloading load, 6m plastic pipe, 1.5m and 2.0m distance. The analysis showed that, the preloading method with deep plastic drainage pipe can accelerate the dissipation of excess pore water pressure in deep soft soil. The over-flow penetration may occur in the confined water. The elastic deformation appears and recoveries after unloading. This is not conducive to the consolidation of soft clay layer 4. The plastic drainage pipe whose depth and distance should be 18~20m and 1.5m respectively to the consolidation soft soil in Pudong.
New Research on Chemical Solidification of Collapsible Loess Foundation
Authors: Wang Yin Mei , Li Cheng , Teng Fei , Gao Li Cheng
Published: September 2011

For the problem of wetting collapsible loess foundation in loess area, and common methods used in dealing with collapsible loess foundation are insufficiency, new treatment technologies, including loess solidified by polymer and comprehensive method of dynamic compaction and chemical solidification, were proposed. Experimental studies on loess solidified by a series of SH were carried out. The results show that the loess solidified by SH has advantages of high strength, good water-resistance, and frost resisting, low-cost. Consequently, SH is feasible to deal with loess foundation. Because it fits in with the development trend for new combined technology in reinforcement of rock and soil, dynamic compaction and chemical solidification has some applying prospects. In order to establish this new method, things correlated with the study should be done.
Multifunctional Piezocone Penetration Testing in Geotechnical Practice
Authors: An Yan Yong , Wang Bao Tian
Published: September 2011

Cone penetration test is a fast and efficient in-situ test technique. With the development of sensor technology and the use of new probes, such test is employed in more fields and reveals more soil parameters. Based on advanced CPTU equipment, soil types were classified. As CPTU has the function of porewater pressure test, the value of porewater pressure varies a lot when the soil changes, which is shown clearly in the CPTU feature map. So it can be easier to judge soil boundaries and its result is in good agreement with the borehole. Multi-function CPTU system is equip with SCPTU module, which enable to measure shear wave velocity of the soil easily. To meet the needs of conventional CPT equipment, the relationships between shear wave velocity measured by SCPTU and other CPT indexes were analyzed; then, two empirical formulas which suitable for kinds of soils are proved more consistent with the measured results, so it is a good method to estimate shear wave velocity without seismic wave test. With a view to get greater economic and technical benefits, more cone penetration testing experience in different regions should be accumulated for geotechnical engineering investigation and design.
Slope Instability Risk Analysis in Earth Dams Using LHS-MC Method
Authors: Wang Wei , Li Chuan Qi , Wang Shuai
Published: September 2011

Risk analysis of slope instability in earth dams is presented using LHS –MC method. Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) is suggested as a tool to improve the efficiency of MC random sampling method. One example of risk analysis for dam slope instability is presented to demonstrate the validity and capability of the proposed method. By means of numerical example, it is shown that about 25% of the calculations can be saved by using LHS –MC method instead of simple MC. The exact savings, however, are dependent on details in the use of LHS and on the shape of the failure surfaces of the problems.
Numerical Simulation of Flow over a Spillway with Turbulence Model
Authors: Li Chuan Qi , Gong Jie , Li Xiang Fu
Published: September 2011

In this paper, the Standard k- ε equation turbulence model was used to simulate three-dimensional flow over a spillway. The volume of fluid method (VOF) was introduced into the iteration of calculation to solve the free water surface, and segregated solver was used with the PISO pressure-velocity coupling scheme. The free surface, the magnitude and distribution of the velocity, the pressure on the spillway surface and so on were obtained. The simulation results were in good agreement with the experiment data.
Study on the Properties of Roller Compacted Concrete in the Dam of Jinghong Hydropower Station
Authors: Xie Jian Bin , He Tian Chun , Fan Jing , Ai Yong Ping
Published: September 2011

For roller compacted concrete (RCC in abbreviation) with the admixtures of limestone powder and water quenched iron slag in dam of Jinghong hydropower station located at the downstream of Lancang River in Yunnan province, the raw materials and mix proportion of the RCC with limestone powder and water quenched iron slag admixtures were studied by materials testing and X-ray diffraction analysis method. Then the mechanical properties, thermal properties, deformation properties and the durability of this RCC were also analyzed by experimental methods. The elastic modulus and creep degree of this RCC were studied specially by the method of experiment and nolinear fitting. The study results show it was theoretically feasible that adopting the double admixtures as the admixture of the mass hydraulic concrete which can be roller compacted concrete. And the properties of this RCC in Jinghong hydropower station meet all kind requirements.
Comparison for the Results from 2D and 3D Analysis for Slope Stability
Authors: Peng Wen Xiang , Mo Jian Jun , Xie Yu Jun
Published: September 2011

Slope stability analysis remains an active and important area of study for geotechnical engineers. The vast majority of slope stability analysis is performed in two dimensions. But in real practices, 3D slope results are more reasonable. Due to the remarkable increase in computational power and falling costs in recent years, meaningful 3D analysis can now be performed on a conventional desktop or laptop computer. In the present paper, a two-dimensional limit equilibrium model was established by LiZheng Slope Analysis Software. Using the FLAC3D program, a 3D plane strain model was proposed and the stability analysis was implemented, placing the results in context with 2D methods. The results show that safety factors got from the 3D plane strain model were closest to the Simplified Bishop method, and the average deviation of these two methods is 1.6%, the largest deviation is 3.2%. With the refinement of FE mesh or improvement of element type, the deviation could be smaller.
Experimental Research for Scour Resistance of Basalt and Carbon Fiber Hydraulic Concrete
Authors: Zhang Jun Zhi , Zhu Yan Dong , Zhao Jing , Fu Zhao Qi , Wu Ling Jie
Published: September 2011

According to a series scour resistance experiment of basalt fiber and carbon fiber hydraulic concrete, in which different length and different volume ratio of basalt fiber and carbon fiber to compare to cement volume are mixed in the concrete, the scour resistance characteristics of hydraulic fiber concrete are analyzed in this paper. Experimental results show that basalt fiber and carbon fiber may enhance scour resistance of hydraulic concrete, and the volume ratio of fiber to compare to cement volume in concrete is the main reinforcement factor, but the influence of fiber length in concrete on the scour resistance of concrete is not obvious.
Experimental Comparison Study on Behavior of Combined Piles Composite Foundation
Authors: Zhou De Quan , Liu Hong Li
Published: September 2011

The combined pile composite foundation has the advantages of good technical and economic effects, yet there are no mature analysis methods to practise in design and test at present. This paper has studied the three and four-element composite foundation by the plate loading test, in which the pressure cells, pressure manometers and sensors are laid on the top of the piles and soil. The results show that the stress on the top of piles and soil increases with the increase of total load, the increasing rate being directly proportional to the strength or relative rigidity of piles and soil. The various increasing rates of piles and soil stress versus load make great difference between the three and four-element composite foundation in the variation of the load sharing ratio and the stress ratio versus load. The settlement of the combined piles composite foundation varies gradually with pressure, and the p-s curve may be simulated by hyperbola curve so as to establish the failure criterion and obtain tangent modulus. As the pressure increases, the inter-pile soil enters plastic state earlier than the piles, so the latter have to bear majority of the load, which makes the settlement rise. The composite foundation should be designed according to settlement-control principle.
Stability Analysis of Dam Foundation with Karst Cave
Authors: Ma Wei , Shi Chong , Pan Wei Jing
Published: September 2011

Stability of dam foundation with Karst caves is analyzed in the presented work.Conceptual model is established according to load analysis such as dam gravity and water press. The curve of point safety coefficient on the structure plane is draw out by using stress checking method.With the comparison of curves under different work conditions, it shows that the most dangerous position of Karst cave is at the dam toe area,with the increasing of dip angle of the structure plane,the safety coefficient declines.Then the possible damage zones,mechanism and failure mode of the dam foundation with Karst caves are analyzed. The result can be used in evaluating the stability of dam foundation with Karst cave.
Experimental Study on Device Parameters of Self-Excited Pulsed Jet to the Performance
Authors: Gao Chuan Chang , Yang Ming Lei , Liu Xin Yang
Published: September 2011

In order to study the influence of the structural and operating parameters on device performance of the self-excited pulsed jet in low-press and Amount-flux, a great deal of experiments on structural and operating parameters of the self-excited pulsed jet was carried out by independently developed testing system. Under the certain upper nozzle diameter and cavity diameter, the changes of the lower nozzle diameter and cavity length and working pressure have an effect on the hitting power of the pulsing jet and pulsing effect. Experimental results showed that for the different lower nozzle diameter and under each working pressure the influence of the cavity length changes on the hitting power is different, there is the optimal range of cavity length and working pressure while the lower diameter is fixed, and with the increase of the lower nozzle diameter, the range of the optimal cavity length and working pressure also has a gradually increasing trend.
Analysis on Sea Bed Evolution around Caofeidian Harbour
Authors: Zhang Yu , Sun Xiao Ming , Kuang Cui Ping , Deng Ling
Published: September 2011

Caofeidian reclamation work may have great influence on the hydrodynamic enviorment. Based on the four-year field survey on water depth, the batymetric maps of different years of Caofeidian are obtained. Through annalying field measurements, a series of comparisons of topography changes in cross section and profile sections are made. Because of the intensed promontory effects, the scour intensity is fierce near the cape but weak with the distance from the cape in the cross-section direction.
Dynamic Simulation Analysis of Temperature Field and Thermal Stress of Concrete Gravity Dam during Construction Period
Authors: Wang Hai Bo , Qiang Sheng , Sun Xiao , Zheng Rui
Published: September 2011

The basic theory of temperature field and stress field of concrete and 3D FEM combining with cooling pipe discrete model and iteration method are used to carry out the dynamic simulation analysis of the temperature filed and stress field of a concrete gravity dam of South-to-North Water Diversion Project. The impacts on cracking mechanism of the surface insulation, internal cooling and environmental climate are considered in calculation. The change laws of temperature field and thermal stress with time and their distributions are analyzed, reasonable temperature control measures are put forward for reference. The results show that good effect of temperature control and cracking prevention is achieved, the proposed measures should have great reference significance to the similar concrete dam in future.
Applying the Methods of Environmental Isotopes and Fuzzy Clustering to Study the Leakage from Embankment
Authors: Fan Zhe Chao
Published: September 2011

Several typical sections of some embankment were studied by the method of environmental isotopes in the paper. The leakage sources of groundwater were ascertained. The result showed that the groundwater of No.1 borehole at Jiangdu dockyard, No.23 borehole at Xiaocaitan section and No.29 borehole at Lianmengzhuang dock was recharged by river water, the water of Heiyutang pond near No.5 borehole was recharged by the local precipitation or groundwater forming by recent precipitation, and the groundwater of No.7 borehole at Wanshougong section was the mixture of river water and local precipitation. Then the analysis of fuzzy clustering was performed by applying fuzzy clustering method that environmental isotopes and hydrochemistry values were taken as index characteristic values and endued different weights. The quantitative analysis result was in agreement with the conclusion qualitatively judged by environmental isotopes and hydrochemistry.
Numerical Analysis of the Bifurcation Embedded in Anchor Block of a Certain PowerStation
Authors: Su Kai , Wu He Gao , Xiang Qian
Published: September 2011

The 3-D numerical model of bifurcation embedded in anchor block concrete of a diversion type power station is built. And FEM is adopted to analyze the pipe stresses and displacement. The influence of initial gap along the penstock outside, concrete’s crack status of anchor block and deformation modulus of the bed rock is discussed. Some conclusions can be achieved as follows. Safe factor is enough when the exposed-penstock design scheme is adopted. But enough rebar is required to guarantee the integrity of anchor block. The initial gap, concrete’s crack and the deformation modulus of bed rock has marked influence on the stresses of penstock. According to the design criteria of reinforced concrete penstocks, combined bearing ability of bifurcation steel and anchor block concrete is advised to reduce the thickness of penstock. As a result, the difficulty of construction is reduced and the investment is more economized than before.
Study on Bolt Support Technology for Large-Span Rectangular Coal Roadway
Authors: Li Jin Hua
Published: September 2011

Based on bolt support project of the 107th working face in Huangling the 2nd mine, the lesion range of large-span rectangular coal roadway is defined by the equivalent ellipse method to determine the support parameters. Site monitoring results indicate good support effect and correct support parameters. This paper provides new effective approach to support scheme for large-span rectangular coal roadways.
An Experimental Research on Optimization of Trajectory Bucket for Spillway Tunnel Outlet at Sanliping Hydropower Project
Authors: Liu Xiao Fang , Wang Dang Wei , Huang He Qing
Published: September 2011

Several optimized designs of trajectory bucket pattern for spillway tunnel outlet are compared in the experiment of Sanliping hydropower project integer physical model and the results show that energy dissipation of outflow nappe is sufficient after optimization and no scouring occur near the riverbank either at high water level or at low water level, which ensure the security of spillway structure. And these experimental results can provide a scientific foundation for the design of Sanliping project.
Parametric Drawing Based Optimal Design of Aqueduct Structure
Authors: Li Yu He , Bai Xin Li , Sun Han Han
Published: September 2011

In the optimal design of large prestressed aqueduct structure, the optimal design results need to be automatically drawn. In this paper, the parametric drawing method is proposed by combining high-level programming language FORTRAN and Auto LISP, and developed a designing system of mixed programming using FORTRAN and Auto LISP. The programming system is applied to the optimal design process of large prestressed aqueduct with rectangle and U-shaped cross-section. The optimal design result is automatically transformed into visual graphics (documents), therefore realized the automatic drawing. In this way, designers’ graphics labor intensity and repeated, complicated calculation can be reduced and the design cycle can shorten. Data files (*.DAT) and graphics files (*.LISP) can be generated not only by FORTRAN, but also by other high-level programming languages such as C++, VC etc.
Modification to the Lombardi Slenderness Coefficient of Cracking Potential Assessing for a Large Arch Dam
Authors: Tian Bin , Lu Xiao Chun
Published: September 2011

The Lombardi slenderness coefficient is usually used to assess cracking potential of an arch dam. In consideration of the fact that the Lombardi fractural curve former presented do not rely on any safety indexes and shape index of the dam and is only related to the dam height, the modification to the Lombardi fractural curve is carried out and the new Lombardi fractural curve is put forward related to the tensile strength of the dam concrete, the dam height and the width of dam site valley in the paper. In the end the new Lombardi fractural curve put forward in the paper verified through some examples of arch dam projects home and abroad has better adaptability and better rationality to assess cracking of an arch dam.
Study on the Yangtze River Estuarine Turbidity Maximum
Authors: Li Xin , Wu De An
Published: September 2011

This paper presents the definition of the estuarine turbidity maximum, its formation reasons and the factors of variety. According to this information, the Yangtze River estuarine turbidity maximum is analyzed as the typical estuarine turbidity maximum. The results show that North Channel turbidity maximum is different with the others for different hydrodynamics. The Delft3D model is applied to simulation the phenomena and the results are agreed with the analysis.
Performance Analysis of a Semicircular Free Surface Ocean Structure under the Different Water Depths
Authors: Zhai Gang Jun , Ma Zhe , Teh Hee Min , Venugopal Vengatesan
Published: September 2011

The increasing importance of the sustainability challenge in o engineering has led to the development of free surface ocean structure of various configurations. In this study, the hydrodynamic characteristics of a perforated free surface, semicircular breakwater (SCB) are investigated for irregular wave conditions under the different water depths. The performance of the breakwaters was evaluated in the form of coefficients of transmission (CT), reflection (CR) and energy dissipation (CL). The measured wave modification in front of the structure and in the structure’s chamber were quantified and presented in the form of a ratio relative to the incident wave height, respectively, which are then presented as a function of the relative immersion depth (D/d) and the relative structure width (B/Lp), where D = the depth of immersion, d = the water depth, B = the structure width and Lp = the wavelength corresponding to the peak wave period. The measured wave modification in front of the structure and in the breakwater’s chamber were quantified and presented in the form of a ratio relative to the incident wave height, respectively. It is found that the wave attenuation ability of the SCB model improves with the increase of D/d and B/Lp. The SCB performs better as an energy dissipater than as a wave reflector.
The Making of Digital Orthophoto Map Based on INPHO
Authors: Ma Dong Ling , Cui Jian , Ding Ning
Published: September 2011

INPHO is foreign professional digital photogrammetry software, including aerial triangulation encryption, digital terrain model matching, the digital orthophoto rectification and image mosaic series modules. This paper, taking DMC image as a case study, according to production practice, states the method of making Digital Orthophoto Map (DOM) using all relevant modules of INPHO, and further points out several notes in the process of making DOM. Practice shows that making DOM using INPHO series software and paying attention to the mentioned precautions can speed up production rate, improve production efficiency, while its mode of operation is also greatly simplified compared with the normal mode of operation. It is a good way of making DOM.
An Improved Wavelet Threshold De-Noising Data Processing Method Research in Deformation Monitoring
Authors: Li Wei , Wang Xu
Published: September 2011

Due to the soft and hard threshold function exist shortcomings. This will reduce the performance in wavelet de-noising. in order to solve this problem，This article proposes Modulus square approach. the new approach avoids the discontinuity of the hard threshold function and also decreases the fixed bias between the estimated wavelet coefficients and the wavelet coefficients of the soft-threshold method．Simulation results show that SNR and MSE are better than simply using soft and hard threshold，having good de-noising effect in Deformation Monitoring.
Novel High-Precision Grey Forecasting Model and its Application of Deformation of Tunnel Surrounding Rock
Authors: Gao Ning , Cui Xi Min , Gao Cai Yun
Published: September 2011

Accurately estimating the deformation of tunnel surrounding rock is a very important work for surveyors, and we adopted grey model as a forecasting means because of its fast calculation with as few as four data inputs needed, however, the original GM (1, 1) model is not fit for dynamic and long data prediction. For this purpose, we propose a novel approach to improve prediction accuracy of GM(1,1) model through optimization of the initial condition and adoption the technique of rolling modeling, the new forecasting model termed RnGM(1,1). By using the optimized model to analyze and predict the deformation of tunnel surrounding rock and comparing this optimized model with other models, we finally draw a conclusion that this optimized model is able to improve the precision of prediction and therefore can be applied to deformation data analysis.
GM(1,1) Model Based on Least Absolute Estimation of Residual
Authors: Deng Yong He
Published: September 2011

Based on the choice characteristic of least absolute estimation ,and the principle of the minimum of summation of residual absolute value,the GM(1,1) model is proposed to distortion inspecting and forecasting.Exemples show the precision of least absolute estimation is uncertain to be higher a little than that of least squares estimation when observation value contains gross error,and the precision of least absolute estimation is lower a little than that of least squares estimation when observation value doesn’t contain gross error.So least absolute estimation isn’t beter to GM(1,1).
Fitting the GPS/Leveling Quasi-Geoid Using Bayesian-Regulation BP Neural Network
Authors: Song Lei , Hu Xiao Qing
Published: September 2011

The 2.5′×2.5′resolution local quasi-geoid is calculated using the global gravity field model and GPS/leveling data of region which points spacing is about 10km with the Bayesian- regulation BP neural network in this paper. The inner and outer precision of quasi-geoid are both superior 0.05m.The result indicat that the Bayesian regulation BP neural network could improve the precision of fitting and restrain the over-fitting in fitting. The region quasi-geoid excelled than 0.05m can be computed using the global gravity field model and about 10km baseline GPS/leveling data in smoothness region.
Application of Micro-Flocculation Direct Filtration for Reservoir Water Derived from Yellow River
Authors: Li Mei , Huang Ting Lin , Wang Hong Bo
Published: September 2011

Aiming at the water quality characteristics of low turbidity and low temperature of the Reservoir Water derived from Yellow River(RWDFYR), the technology of micro-flocculation direct filtration for RWDFYR was studied. The effluent index such as CODMn, UV254, TOC and turbidity was investigated under the different filtration rate conditions of 4m/h, 5m/h, 6m/h, 8m/h and 10m/h. The results show that the value of removal efficiency of turbidity reached at 98%, and the value of removal efficiency of organic matter was 40% also. In this study, the removal effect was good under the filtration rate of 6m/h. Moreover, the removal effect of different filter layers was also carried out. Finally, it concluded that the backwashing cycle of filter layer should not exceed 3days.
The Simultaneous Removal of Carbon and Nitrogen from the Anaerobically Pretreated Distillery Wastewater in an Anaerobic Expanded Granule Sludge Bed (EGSB) Reactor
Authors: Li Jun , Zhang Zhi Yu , Liu Qiang , Yang Qing Yuan
Published: September 2011

The simultaneous removal of carbon and nitrogen of the anaerobically pretreated distillery wastewater with nitrate, nitrite and ammonia addition was investigated in an expanded granule sludge bed (EGSB) reactor inoculated with methanogenic granule sludge. The experiment showed the COD removal efficiency decreased with the nitrogen loading increasing. Moreover, denitrifiers out-compete methanogens for the utilization of organics gradually, and COD removed by methanogenesis decreased to only 20% by measuring the amount of CH4 produced at low C/N ratios of 2, 3 and 4. Nitrate reduction to ammonium didn’t occur whatever the C/N ratio under anaerobic conditions. At high C/N ratios of 10 and 8, little total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) was removed. However, 30%-50% of TKN entering the reactor was removed at lower C/N ratios of 2, 3 and 4 suggesting the removal of ammonium. At a lower C/N ratio of 2, the nitrite and the nitrate accumulation were observed and TKN removal decreased gradually due to their inhibition. The result suggested that the nitrate and ammonium simultaneous removal occurred through a coupling of nitrate reduction to nitrite by denitrification and then nitrite reduction to nitrogen gas by both denitrification and Anammox at a proper C/N ratio in an anaerobic EGSB reactor.
Phosphorus Removal and Recovery in Novel Seed Crystal Media Filter
Authors: Li Yan Bo , Qiu Li Ping
Published: September 2011

A seed crystal medium was developed from the powder steel slag and other material in order to carry out a novel method for phosphorus removal and recovery through the crystallization process. Continuous-flow fixed-bed column experiment was conducted to investigate the phosphorus removal capacity with low P concentration (10mg/L), and the influences of HRT, Ca/P ratio and pH on the treatment efficiency were also considered. It was observed that the P concentration of filter effluent was always lower than 0.5mg/L whether under the experimental condition of pH=7 and HRT=60 min or the condition of pH=7, HRT=30min and the Ca/P ratio = 1.5. With the HRT 30min, increasing pH to 7.5 and decreasing Ca/P ratio to 1, the P concentration of filter effluent was still lower than 0.5mg/L. The XRD analysis of the sediment obtained from the filter bed proved that product formed in the phosphorus removal process was Hydroxyapatite (HAP), illustrated that the crystallization occurred in the process of P-removal. The results of this study suggest that the fixed bed - phosphorus crystallization process with seed crystal media is a promising technique for phosphorus removal and recovery.
Nondestructive Monitoring Experiments on Length of CFG Piles by GPR
Authors: Wang Hai Dong , Deng Ji Ping , Luo Jie , Zhang Meng
Published: September 2011

In this paper, the combination of antenna array detection method of ground penetrating radar is put forward to solve the actual engineering problem that it is difficult to monitor the length of CFG pile. The experiments of length of six CFG piles find that the relative error of the length is 5.26%. The result indicates that it is enough reliable to determine the pile length by using the GPR method and can meet the engineering needs. Furthermore, the effect of the mix proportion, moisture content on the monitoring quality is obtained.
The Development of Research on Emergency Water Supply
Authors: Wang Xiao Jie , Fan Xin , Ji Yun Zhe
Published: September 2011

Aimed at the emergency condition under natural disaster and water pollution, this article expounds the emergency water supply system and respectively introduces the up to date development of research on the beforehand scheme of emergency water supply, the layout of emergency water sources, the emergency water supplying equipments and technologies. At last, this article gives a prospect on the developing orientation of emergency water supplying equipments and technologies.
Mechanism of Muzhuping Landslide to Water Fluctuation and Rainfall in Shuibuya Reservoir
Authors: Zhou Jian Jun , Gong Zhi Peng , Chen Lei , Xie Ke Ke
Published: September 2011

On May 10, 2007, the Muzhuping landslide moved into Modao-he River caused by impoundment and early rainfall, which is a first landslide hazard in the Shuibuya Reservoir. Using ABAQUS software to analysis the mechanism of deformation with considering the coupling Seepage-stress, and by according to residual thrust method, some predictions of the slope stability were performed with considering to fluctuation of the reservoir water. The numerical results show that the initial impoundment and rapid declining of reservoir water level are most dangerous for a reservoir.
Literature Survey on Building Rankings by Indoor Environment Quality
Authors: Yang Xue Bin , Sun De Fa , Zhou Xiang Jiang , Lin Guang Ping
Published: September 2011

Indoor environment quality can be used to rank the building performance. Environmental parameters involve operative or room temperature, predicted mean vote, predicted percentage of thermally satisfied, predicted percentage dissatisfied, air velocity, relative humidity, indoor air quality and so on. One or more parameters can be possible to establish a corresponding range for building classes. Average CO2 concentration level can be used as the index of indoor air quality to measure the office buildings or public places. Various authors in different climates or zones proposed different baseline for building grades. It should be develop a scientific methodology or evaluation system to give the convincing classification and explanation.
Application of Fieldbus and Frequency Conversion Technology in Air-Condition VWV System
Authors: Wang Gui Rong , Zhang Cong Zhi
Published: September 2011

This paper presents a method which uses LonWorks control system and frequency converter in Central Air-Condition chilled water variable flow system. In this system, the output of frequency converter can be altered by augmenter PID control rule which is used in control of invariable difference in temperature between water supply and backwater, and the rotating speed of water pump can be changed correspondingly, so when the user load is small ,the electric energy consume can be reduced. The effect of energy-saving was visible comparing with the conventional Air-Condition chilled water constant flow system.
Analysis of Two Cracks Vertical to the Isotropic Plane in Transversely Isotropic Bimaterials
Authors: Wang Bing Jun , Xiao Hong Tian
Published: September 2011

This paper analyzed the interaction between two parallel vertical cracks in a transversely isotropic half space by using the boundary element method (DBEM). The crack surface is perpendicular to the free surface and isotropic plane subjected to normal and tangential uniform distributed load respectively. The stress intensity factor (SIF) values of the crack are calculated from the crack opening displacements. And the interaction effect factor of SIF values is employed to quantitatively describe the interaction between two cracks. The variations of interaction effect factor are investigated with the distances between cracks, the side ratios and free surface. Results show that the existence of the free surface exerts more obvious influence on the SIF values of the crack close to free surface in half space than those in infinite medium. But the free surface has almost no influence on the interaction between two cracks.
Analysis of Heat-Pump System Based on the Control of Refrigerant Mass Flux
Authors: Su Shun Yu , Tian Tian , Chen Jian
Published: September 2011

Calculation of refrigerant quantities in the heat-exchangers of an air-conditioner on refrigeration and heating operating conditions shows that refrigerant charge quantity in heating operating condition is less than that in refrigeration operating condition. The refrigerant control strategies are most important for refrigeration and heat-pump system. Based on the difference of charged refrigerant quantities of the air-conditioning system between refrigeration and heating operating conditions, the exhaust bypass method was presented in order to improve its operation efficiency. This heat-pump system for controlling refrigerant mass flux was analyzed in detail. The results show that the exhaust bypass method has its advantages in controlling refrigerant mass flux for heat-pump system.
Deterioration and Evaluation Method of Mechanics Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Column under Sulfate Attack
Authors: Zhang Feng Jie , Yuan Ying Shu , Wang Ruo Yu
Published: September 2011

This paper has studied the reinforced concrete eccentrically compressed members through the laboratory accelerated corrosion method, which has been also combined with the continuous damage theory to give a preliminary definition of the damage degree of concrete uniform corrosion. The study has shown that with the increase of concrete corrosion layers, the bonding properties of steel and concrete keeps falling. With the increase of damage degree, the concrete will be advanced into the compression and the steel can’t fully exert its tensile properties. The bearing capacity of large and small eccentric hydraulic components will be decreased with the increase of damage degree. With the increase of damage degree, the neutral axis of concrete compressed column will shift to the eccentric point, which can make the eccentricity become small. No matter the unilateral corrosion or the peripheral corrosion, the column deflection is proportional to the damage degree and the column stiffness will be decreased with the increase of corrosion layers.
Rockfall Motion Trace of Road Slope Based on Damping and Rebounding Osculation Method
Authors: Yang Zhong Yuan
Published: September 2011

Disaster degree and hazard risk of rockfall is essential for roadside slope design for safety. This paper is concerned with research efforts to calculate full motion trace of the rockfall along road slope with effective and numerical analysis methods. Two main terms including gradient of side slope and damping function between rockfall, mountain slope and rock speed are employed in so-called Damping and Rebounding Osculation Method (DROM). This tool is developed to define rock motion trace and delve into motion characteristics such as direction and rotational angle speed of the rockfall. Hereon, polygon rock is regarded as a rigid body of Non-particle and the motion formula are set up with the revolution motion of rock rigidity. The objective of this study is to accurately characterize the rockfall motion trace for disaster prevention and mitigation.
Progressive Collapse Simulation of Underground Structure under Internal Blast Loading
Authors: Tian Li , Zeng Mei Hua
Published: September 2011

Much research has been directed at the progressive collapse of the over-ground structures under free air burst loading in recent years, while less work has been stressed on the progressive collapse of the underground structures, which subjected to internal blast loading. A proposed method is presented in this paper to simulate the progressive collapse of one underground reinforced concrete frame under internal blast loading, which is using LS-DYNA. The numerical results indicate that the proposed method is more accurate and timesaving, compared with alternative load path method (ALPM) and direct simulation method (DSM).
Stability Analysis of Different Stories Single Concrete Framework Due to Bottom Side Column Demolition
Authors: Li Sheng Lin , Liu Dian Shu , Liang Shu Feng
Published: September 2011

In this paper, three kinds of single frames including 6, 8 and 10 stories are presented using LS-DYNA software, the stability of structure is studied due to the bottom side column demolition. The results show that the more structure floors, the more side span cantilever structure system collapses. The damage of the junction with the main structure is due to gravity bending moment. The main structure swings back and forth in horizontal direction and damage in some parts of the frame. The more floors, the more the period t of range of main structure movement is longer.