bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ética, corrupção e os dilemas da práxis social: a percepção de acadêmicos do curso de direito a respeito do exercício profissional
Authors: Feitosa Rodolfo Rodrigo Santos , Gomes Erbs Cintra de Souza , Ramos Zélia Maria Xavier
Published: June 2020

Objetivou-se a partir do presente estudo, avaliar o tipo de percepção dos acadêmicos do curso de Direito da Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Aplicadas de Petrolina, ingressantes do primeiro semestre de 2017, dos temas ética e corrupção, e suas implicações na práxis social. Trata-se de uma abordagem exploratória e descritiva, com o uso de questionários. O questionário foi aplicado no mês de abril de 2017. Para tabulação dos dados, utilizou-se uma escala likert de cinco pontos, possibilitando conhecer as opiniões dos entrevistados de acordo com o grau de concordância. O nível de compreensão sobre cada um dos temas propostos foi observado a partir da subdivisão da pesquisa em dois grupos de questões, três níveis de avaliação com dez variáveis cada. Os dados coletados foram inseridos no programa Survey Monkey para tabulação e sistematização. Constatou-se ao final do estudo, que os acadêmicos de Direito, em sua maioria, compreendem o significado do tema corrupção, os males que essa prática pode provocar à sociedade e quais os principais comportamentos indicativos da prática de corrupção; igualmente, compreendem o significado e a importância do tema ética para a formação profissional e a necessidade de aprofundamento nos estudos sobre o código de ética do advogado.
Saúde mental e direitos humanos: instrumentos internacionais para garantia de direitos das pessoas com transtornos mentais e/ou deficiência
Authors: Candido Mariluci , Ventura Carla , Furegato Antonia Regina , Santos Jair , Candido Marco Antonio
Published: June 2020

Há uma emergência global de direitos humanos em saúde mental, visto que pessoas com transtorno mental e/ou deficiência vivenciam, ainda, violações de direitos humanos. Este estudo teve como objetivo compreender, no âmbito internacional, o enfoque dado aos direitos humanos da pessoa com transtorno mental e/ou deficiência. Pesquisa descritiva documental, com utilização da base de dados online "More Inclusiveness Needed in Disability and Development", da Organização Mundial de Saúde. Foram incluídos os instrumentos mandatórios e não mandatórios globais e regionais, excluindo-se os dos países. Examinou-se o conteúdo conforme as dimensões de direitos humanos e identificou-se que os principais direitos se encontram na primeira e segunda geração de direitos humanos. Constatou-se que os direitos humanos se encontram centrados no direito à saúde, não favorecendo o exercício pleno de direitos. O aporte da legislação do transtorno mental precisa ser equacionado ao da deficiência. A sua insuficiência, provavelmente, reflete a falta de entendimento e de vontade política sobre a sua realidade. Há necessidade de que os profissionais de saúde e os operadores do direito possam ser divulgadores de conhecimentos sobre os direitos humanos da pessoa com deficiência e/ou transtorno mental.
HUMANO DEMASIADO INUMANO: GÊNERO, DIREITOS HUMANOS E DISCURSOS EM DISPUTA
Authors: Sousa Tuanny Soeiro
Published: June 2020

O presente trabalho tem como intuito analisar a tensão existente entre a humanidade dos direitos humanos e os processos de produção diferenciada do humano aos quais dissidentes sexuais e de gênero são submetidos por performatizarem o gênero ou a sexualidade atravessando os enquadramentos normativos que organizam as condições necessárias para o reconhecimento. Para isso, nosso pressuposto teórico-metodológico assenta-se nas ideias desenvolvidas pela teoria do discurso de Judith Butler e Michel Foucault. O estudo divide-se em três seções: na primeira, examinamos as condições que possibilitaram a emergência do sujeito jurídico moderno dos direitos humanos; na segunda, analisamos como são engendradas as identidades sexuais e de gênero, relacionando esse processo com a fabricação da humanidade; por último, estudamos as possibilidades de novas articulações de humanidade no Direito. Concluímos que, apesar dos direitos humanos serem instrumentos de assujeitamento, os termos humanidade e direito estão sempre em disputa, existindo espaço para a luta por novas formas de se reconhecer o humano implicado nesses direitos e, portanto, os dissidentes sexuais e de gênero podem encontrar nesse terreno ambíguo um espaço de luta contra a vulnerabilidade e a opressão.
Low-SNR Microseismic Detection Using DirectP-Wave Arrival Polarization
Authors: Mukuhira Yusuke , Poliannikov Oleg V. , Fehler Michael C. , Moriya Hirokazu
Published: June 2020

Detection and analysis of small magnitude events is valuable for better characterization and understanding of reservoirs in addition to developing strategies for mitigating induced seismicity. Three-component (3C) receivers, which are now widely used, are commonly deployed in boreholes to provide continuous seismic data amenable to novel and powerful analysis. Using multicomponent continuous records of ground motion, we utilize two principal features of the direct P-wave arrival: (1) linearity and (2) polarization in the direction along the ray path to the source region to detect small magnitude events undetectable by conventional methods. We evaluate the linearity of polarization and direction of arrival in the time and frequency domains by introducing the spectral matrix analysis method and combine them into a scalar characteristic function that is thresholded for event detection purposes. We boost the signal-to-noise ratio by stacking characteristic functions obtained at different 3C receivers along an empirical moveout of a master event known to have occurred in an area of interest. This allows us to detect smaller events and spatially tie them to a relatively small area around the large event. We apply our method to field data recorded at the Groningen gas ﬁeld in the Netherlands. Our method detects all catalog events as well as several previously undetected events.
Fault Rerupture during the July 2019 Ridgecrest Earthquake Pair from Joint Slip Inversion of InSAR, Optical Imagery, and GPS
Authors: Magen Yohai , Ziv Alon , Inbal Asaf , Baer Gidon , Hollingsworth James
Published: June 2020

The Ridgecrest earthquake pair ruptured a previously unknown orthogonal fault system in the eastern California shear zone. The stronger of the two, an Mw 7.1 earthquake that occurred on 6 July 2019, was preceded by an Mw 6.4 foreshock that occurred 34 hr earlier. In this study, distinct final slip distributions for the two earthquakes are obtained via joint inversion of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR), optical imagery, and Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements. Special attention is paid to the merging of dense (e.g., InSAR and optical imagery) and sparse geodetic (e.g., GPS) datasets. In addition, a new approach is introduced for data and model discretization through intermittent model- and data-space reconditioning that stabilizes the inversion, thus ensuring that small changes in the data space do not cause disproportionate large changes to the model space. Although the coseismic slip of the Mw 6.4 earthquake was complex, involving three distinct asperities distributed among an intersecting orthogonal set of faults, the coseismic slip of the Mw 7.1 earthquake was limited to the main northwest-striking fault. In addition to the Mw 7.1 earthquake, that northwest-striking fault plane also hosted one of the Mw 6.4 asperities. Slip on this coplanar foreshock asperity increased the shear stress at the future site of the Mw 7.1 hypocenter, and triggered a vigorous aftershock activity on the main northwest fault that culminated in its rupture. This, in turn, reactivated the coplanar foreshock asperity. In addition to failing twice within 34 hr, we find that the reruptured asperity slipped about six times more during the Mw 7.1 than during the Mw 6.4 earthquake. This repeated failure is indicative of an incomplete stress drop and premature rupture arrest during the Mw 6.4 foreshock, requiring an efficient frictional strengthening and emphasizing the causal link between highly rate-dependent friction, dynamic frictional restrengthening, and partial stress drop that has been observed in numerical studies of frictional sliding.
The Predictive Skills of Elastic Coulomb Rate-and-State Aftershock Forecasts during the 2019 Ridgecrest, California, Earthquake Sequence
Authors: Mancini Simone , Segou Margarita , Werner Maximilian Jonas , Parsons Tom
Published: June 2020

Operational earthquake forecasting protocols commonly use statistical models for their recognized ease of implementation and robustness in describing the short-term spatiotemporal patterns of triggered seismicity. However, recent advances on physics-based aftershock forecasting reveal comparable performance to the standard statistical counterparts with significantly improved predictive skills when fault and stress-field heterogeneities are considered. Here, we perform a pseudoprospective forecasting experiment during the first month of the 2019 Ridgecrest (California) earthquake sequence. We develop seven Coulomb rate-and-state models that couple static stress-change estimates with continuum mechanics expressed by the rate-and-state friction laws. Our model parameterization supports a gradually increasing complexity; we start from a preliminary model implementation with simplified slip distributions and spatially homogeneous receiver faults to reach an enhanced one featuring optimized fault constitutive parameters, finite-fault slip models, secondary triggering effects, and spatially heterogenous planes informed by pre-existing ruptures. The data-rich environment of southern California allows us to test whether incorporating data collected in near-real time during an unfolding earthquake sequence boosts our predictive power. We assess the absolute and relative performance of the forecasts by means of statistical tests used within the Collaboratory for the Study of Earthquake Predictability and compare their skills against a standard benchmark epidemic-type aftershock sequence (ETAS) model for the short (24 hr after the two Ridgecrest mainshocks) and intermediate terms (one month). Stress-based forecasts expect heightened rates along the whole near-fault region and increased expected seismicity rates in central Garlock fault. Our comparative model evaluation not only supports that faulting heterogeneities coupled with secondary triggering effects are the most critical success components behind physics-based forecasts, but also underlines the importance of model updates incorporating near-real-time available aftershock data reaching better performance than standard ETAS. We explore the physical basis behind our results by investigating the localized shut down of pre-existing normal faults in the Ridgecrest near-source area.
Surface Displacement Distributions for the July 2019 Ridgecrest, California, Earthquake Ruptures
Authors: DuRoss Christopher B. , Gold Ryan D. , Dawson Timothy E. , Scharer Katherine M. , Kendrick Katherine J. , Akciz Sinan O. , Angster Stephen J. , Bachhuber Jeffrey , Bacon Steven , Bennett Scott E. K. , Blair Luke , Brooks Benjamin A. , Bullard Thomas , Burgess W. Paul , Chupik Colin , DeFrisco Michael , Delano Jaime , Dolan James F. , Frost Erik , Graehl Nick , Haddon Elizabeth K. , Hatem Alexandra E. , Hernandez Janis L. , Hitchcock Christopher , Hudnut Kenneth , Thompson Jobe Jessica , Koehler Richard , Kozaci Ozgur , Ladinsky Tyler , Madugo Christopher , McPhillips Devin S. , Milliner Christopher , Morelan Alexander , Olson Brian , Patton Jason , Philibosian Belle , Pickering Alexandra J. , Pierce Ian , Ponti Daniel J. , Seitz Gordon , Spangler Eleanor , Swanson Brian , Thomas Kate , Treiman Jerome , Valencia Francesca , Williams Alana , Zinke Robert
Published: June 2020

Surface rupture in the 2019 Ridgecrest, California, earthquake sequence occurred along two orthogonal cross faults and includes dominantly left-lateral and northeast-striking rupture in the Mw 6.4 foreshock and dominantly right-lateral and northwest-striking rupture in the Mw 7.1 mainshock. We present >650 field-based, surface-displacement observations for these ruptures and synthesize our results into cumulative along-strike displacement distributions. Using these data, we calculate displacement gradients and compare our results with historical strike-slip ruptures in the eastern California shear zone. For the Mw 6.4 rupture, we report 96 displacements measured along 18 km of northeast-striking rupture. Cumulative displacement curves for the rupture yield a mean left-lateral displacement of 0.3–0.5 m and maximum of 0.7–1.6 m. Net mean vertical displacement based on the difference of down-to-the-west (DTW) and down-to-the-east (DTE) displacement curves is close to zero (0.02 m DTW). The Mw 6.4 displacement distribution shows that the majority of displacement occurred southwest of the intersection with the Mw 7.1 rupture. The Mw 7.1 rupture is northwest-striking and 50 km long based on 576 field measurements. Displacement curves indicate a mean right-lateral displacement of 1.2–1.7 m and a maximum of 4.3–7.0 m. Net vertical displacement in the rupture averages 0.3 m DTW. The Mw 7.1 displacement distributions demonstrate that maximum displacement occurred along a 12-km-long portion of the fault near the Mw 7.1 epicenter, releasing 66% of the geologically based seismic moment along 24% of the total rupture length. Using our displacement distributions, we calculate kilometer-scale displacement gradients for the Mw 7.1 rupture. The steepest gradients (∼1–3  m/km) flank the 12-km-long region of maximum displacement. In contrast, gradients for the 1992 Mw 7.3 Landers and 1999 Mw 7.1 Hector Mine earthquakes are <0.6  m/km. Our displacement distributions are important for understanding the influence of cross-fault rupture on Mw 6.4 and 7.1 rupture length and displacement and will facilitate comparisons with distributions generated remotely and at broader scales.
Effect of sleep and smart phone on serum melatonin level in first year medical students
Authors: Belsare Vinita , Tekade Mangesh , Munghate Sarika C. , Belsare Hrishikesh
Published: June 2020

Background: Poor sleep quality among students have been reported with increasing hours of usage of mobile per day. The effects of sleep on health may be mediated through the circadian hormone melatonin which has wide-reaching effects on human physiology and is an emerging biomarker for adult chronic diseases. The poor sleep quality due to academic stress and excessive use of smart phone amongst the medical students may be responsible for the disturbance in circadian rhythm and varied melatonin secretion which may have serious physical and mental health effects. The aim of study was to see the impact of sleep and smart phone usage on serum melatonin level.Methods: Sample size was 100, 3 were absent. Questionaries’ was asked to all the study group regarding timing to go to sleep and sleep hours in night. 9 A.M Morning fasting blood samples were taken and serum melatonin was estimated by ELISA kit.Results: Authors found only 19 students were with sleep deprivation. The average sleep hours in early sleepers was significantly more as compared to late sleepers. The study finding also suggested that there was significant usage of smart phone in late sleeper group, which may be due to high use of smart phone in the night. No association was found between bedtime and serum melatonin level. There was increase in serum melatonin in students whose usage of smart phone was high.Conclusions: So, the students who sleeps late have less sleep duration and more usage of smart phone. Bed time, sleep duration and smart phone usage may have rhythm disturbance and phase shifting in melatonin secretion.
Ascariasis hepatobiliar en una lactante con desnutrición severa: reporte de caso
Authors: Bello-Suárez Angie , González-Valencia Gina , Sosa Ávila Luis , Sarmiento-Wilches Patrik
Published: June 2020

La Ascariasis es la geohelminitiasis más común del mundo, catalogándose como una enfermedad tropical desatendida, que puede causar compromiso pulmonar, gastrointestinal, hepatobiliar y nutricional. Se presenta el caso inusual de una lactante procedente de una zona de extrema pobreza quien consultó por fiebre, vómito, ausencia de deposiciones, distensión y dolor abdominal. Fue diagnosticada con pseudoobstrucción intestinal, desnutrición severa, choque séptico de origen intraabdominal, retraso del neurodesarrollo y deprivación psicoafectiva, cuyas imágenes reportaron ascariasis hepatobiliar y granulomas hepáticos calcificados y abscedados, con infestación severa por Ascaris lumbricoides. Recibió manejo antibiótico y antiparasitario con recuperación exitosa. En nuestro medio, las infecciones por helmintos son causa frecuente de anemia, retraso cognitivo y del crecimiento en niños en edad escolar. Sin embargo, la infestación y complicaciones hepatobiliares como colangitis, colecistitis, pancreatitis, litiasis biliar y hepatitis abscedada son inusuales en menores de dos años. A través de este caso se pretende resaltar la presentación atípica de la enfermedad en lactantes e incitar al fortalecimiento de las intervenciones en salud pública. MÉD.UIS.2020;33(1):67-72
Global Experience in Regulating Data Protection, Transfer and Storage
Authors: Ismagilova Olga , Khadzhi Karine
Published: June 2020

Cross-border data flows management and privacy protection are placed high in the international digital agenda due to unprecedented growth in the volume and pace of data collection, processing, storage and transfer globally. Despite the high importance of data flows regulation and its serious influence on all enterprises involved in digital economy, there is little research conducted in Russia and systemizing the national strategies in this sphere of regulation. The article provides an overview of the existing approaches of different countries to data protection, transfer (cross-border included) and storage, analyses the impact of regulation on international trade flows, and develops proposals for possible measures to reduce costs for companies in the digital age. The research discovers that today most countries of the world regulate personal data and other categories of sensitive data flows through the introduction of either a separate law or data protection provisions in the relevant sectoral laws. The countries’ approaches range from a complete ban on the cross-border transfer of all or certain categories of data to foreign countries to complete liberalization in this area. The most common approach is the introduction of one or several restrictions from the set of measures related to cross-border data transfers: data localization requirement; limitations on the number or type of countries to which sensitive data can be transferred without additional requirements; and the requirement of the personal data subject’s consent or responsible public authorities’ permission.
Health Care Policy Makers’ Response to COVID-19 Pandemic; Pros and Cons of “Flattening the Curve” from the “Selective Pressure” Point of View: A Review
Authors: MORTAZAVI Seyed Ali Reza , GHADIMI-MOGHADAM Abdolkarim , HAGHANI Masoud , KAVEH-AHANGAR Azim , MORTAZAVI Seyed Mohammad Javad , JAFARZADEH Abdollah
Published: June 2020

COVID-19, a respiratory infection caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2, causes a variety of symptoms in infected people. We have recently addressed our concerns over unintentional “Directed Accelerated Evolution” of the SARS-CoV-2 and introduced a modified treatment method for ARDS associated with COVID-19. COVID-19 outbreak could last for a long time in communities. Due to growing requests for medical equipment such as ventilators and ICU beds, “flattening the epidemic curve” has been considered as an effective strategy to adjust the level of health care demand to potential capacity of the system. In this paper, we compare possible outcomes of “Without Precaution” and “With Precaution” epidemic models. When there are no precautions, a higher number of people would be infected. RNA viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 have extremely high mutation rates. Accordingly, the combination of a higher number of infected people and any effort for inactivation of the viruses is expected to exert a strong selective pressure on SARS-CoV-2 that can lead to more mutations. These mutations can be either pathogenicity attenuating mutations (PAMs) or pathogenicity promoting mutations (PPMs). On the other hand, when flattening strategy is used, the number of infected people will be lower than the previous model, but both type of mutations may occur, although with lower frequency. Although the occurrence of PAMs helps the development of herd immunity, possible occurrence of PPMs needs serious tracking, especially in patients with severe COVID-19, to prevent new endemic with more virulent mutant viruses.
Image-Based Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia Screening after Hospital Discharge
Authors: DONG Xiaoyue , SUN Xiaofan , YU Zhangbin , HAN Shuping
Published: June 2020

Background: Newborn infants who are risk for severe hyperbilirubinemia and cared at home should be monitored for progression of jaundice. We aimed to verify if a smart phone application (BiliScan Inc), which uses automated imaging for bilirubin (AIB), can be used to estimate total serum bilirubin (TSB) levels at home.
Methods: A convenience sample of 1038 “healthy” infants in China were prospectively enrolled to a singlecenter study in 2016. Correlations between AIB and TcB measurements were correlated to TB measurements. Bias and imprecision of AIB measurements were determined using Bland-Altman analysis. The diagnostic value of AIB was compared by the area-under-curve (AUC) values of receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves.
Results: The best correlation and AUC for AIB were at the sternum, both with values of 0.76. We truncated performances to 369 TB values >5 and <15 mg/dL, and sternal AIB showed the best correlation to TB (r =0.5, P<0.0001). The AUC for this range was 0.54. However, from a subset of 200 AIB values >13.5 mg/dL (n=369 babies), the sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV) were 100% with a specificity of 50%. Furthermore, Bland-Altman analyses showed a bias and imprecision of AIB and TcB when TB was >13.5 and <15 mg/dL.
Conclusion: The use of AIB may be a potentially useful screening device for neonatal jaundice. Its performance requires additional improvements for accurate measurements across wider ranges of TB levels.
Exploring the Relationship between Service Quality of Private Hospitals and Patient Loyalty from the Perspective of Health Service
Authors: GUO Yubing , ZHOU Ye , XING Xin , LI Xiaoqin
Published: June 2020

Background: With increasing demands for medical treatment and healthcare, private hospitals have enjoyed rapid development, and the quality and satisfaction ratings of their medical services have gradually become hotspot issues. We aimed to investigate the influencing mechanisms of medical service quality, patient perceived value, patient satisfaction, and patient loyalty.
Methods: On the basis of improved patient perceived value, service satisfaction, and loyalty scales, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 300 patients in 15 private hospitals in China. The action mechanisms of medical service quality, patient perceived value, patient satisfaction, and patient loyalty were verified via SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 20.0 statistical software.
Results: The service quality of private hospitals was positively correlated with patient perceived value, patient satisfaction and patient loyalty. Patient perceived value was positively correlated with patient satisfaction. Patient perceived value, as well as patient satisfaction was positively correlated with patient loyalty. Patient perceived value and patient satisfaction play a mediating role between medical service quality and patient loyalty. Patient perceived value and patient satisfaction play a chain mediating role between medical service quality and patient loyalty.
Conclusion: 1) Improving medical service quality is the main path to acquire patient loyalty for private hospitals. 2) When accepting high-quality medical services, patients will think that the cost paid is reasonable, and their satisfaction with private hospitals will consequently increase. 3) As patient satisfaction with private hospitals is elevated to a certain degree, they become increasingly willing to choose these hospitals again and recommend them to others.
The Influence of Air Pollution and Clean Energy on Tuberculosis: The Moderating Role of Urbanization
Authors: YAHYA Farzan , RAFIQ Muhammad
Published: June 2020

Background: Air pollution is one of the major threats to human health and well-being. This study aimed to explore the effect of renewable energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions on tuberculosis (TB) incidences. It further investigates the moderating role of urbanization on the relationship between underlying factors and TB.
Methods: The data of 183 countries over the period 2000 to 2014 were collected and a two-step system GMM technique was utilized to reduce the endogeneity issue. Additionally, we divided the sample into two sub-panels based on country risk for more robust estimates.
Results: Carbon dioxide emissions increase the incidences of TB while renewable energy consumption could restrict these cases. On the other hand, urbanization is positively associated with TB in high-risk. System-GMM estimates also indicated that urbanization further strengthens the positive association between CO2 emissions and tuberculosis.
Conclusion: Climate-friendly energy technologies, surveillance, and adequate city planning can act as effective mechanisms to improve public health.
Diffusion Weighted Imaging of Brain Gliomas in the Differential Diagnosis Value
Authors: JIANG Jian , BAI Liangcai , ZHANG Xueling , LIU Jianli , ZHOU Junlin
Published: June 2020

Background: To evaluate the diagnostic value of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and apparent diffusion coefficient measurement (ADC) in glioma.
cient measurement (ADC) in glioma. Methods: Thirty two low-grade glioma patients and 31 high-grade glioma patients who were confirmed by pathology in Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China from February 2016 to January 2019 were selected. The other 30 patients with brain metastases were selected as a control group. DWI imaging data of the three groups were collected, and ADC, relative ADC (rADC) values in tumor parenchyma, peritumor edema area, and contralateral normal white matter area were measured, and the levels of n-acetyl aspartic acid (NAA), choline (Cho), creatine (Cr) of tumor metabolites were analyzed.
Results: rADC values in the peri-tumor edema areas of the high-grade glioma group were significantly lower than those in the low-grade group and the metastatic group （P=0.011）, and the low-grade group was significantly lower than that in the metastatic group (P < 0.05). NAA/Cho and NAA/Cr in parenchymal and peritumor edema areas of patients in the advanced group were significantly lower than those in the metastatic group (P < 0.05), and Cho /Cr was significantly higher than those in the metastatic group (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: the rADC value, NAA/Cho, NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr in parenchymal and peritumor edema areas of the tumor can help to distinguish high-grade glioma, low-grade glioma and brain metastases.
Incidence and Mortality of Cervical Cancer in the Republic of Kazakhstan: 2007-2016
Authors: SHALGUMBAYEVA Gulnar , ZHABAGINA Almagul , KUANYSHEVA Anargul , SANDYBAYEV Marat , FAIZOVA Raida , BELIKHINA Tatyana , PROKAZYUK Alexander , KULABUKHOVA Nataliya , SEMENOVA Yuliya
Published: June 2020

Background: Epidemiology of cervical cancer is relatively well studied in developed countries of the world, but little is known about Central Asian states. This study aimed to analyze the changing patterns of cervical cancer incidence and mortality in the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Methods: The statistical analysis of official data on cervical cancer mortality and morbidity was performed for the whole country. Data on cervical cancer patients were retrieved for the period 2007-2016.
Results: There was an increase in the incidence of cervical cancer among the population of Kazakhstan from 15.24 per 100,000 in 2007 to 18.83 per 100,000 in 2016. This might be attributed to the introduction of national health program in 2011, which improved early identification. Over the last few years, the decreasing cervical cancer mortality is observed influenced by early diagnosis. The age-standardized incidence rates show that the majority of cervical cancer cases occur in the 40-49 yr age group.
Conclusion: The incidence of and mortality from cervical cancer in Kazakhstan in 2007-2016 are comparable with those in the neighboring former Soviet Union countries. Significant variations in incidence and mortality rates and one-year cancer-specific survival were observed between country regions.
Inpatient Service Use by Type of Health Coverage Scheme in South Korea: A Secondary Analysis of National Data
Authors: CHO Jeonghyun , LEE Eunmi
Published: June 2020

Background: Healthcare utilization has progressively increased, especially among Medical Aid (MA) beneficiaries in South Korea. Recently, the focus of MA policy is shifting to long-term inpatient management. We aimed to identify the factors associated with inpatients’ medical service use among MA beneficiaries compared to National Health Insurance (NHI) beneficiaries.
Methods: This secondary data analysis study used raw data collected from 2012 to 2014 by the Korea Health Panel Study, which is a national health survey conducted annually. Data from 3,869 participants were analyzed: 3,621 NHI beneficiaries and 248 MA beneficiaries. Multiple regression analysis and difference and slope difference tests were performed.
Results: Age, education level, marital status, living with family, employment, disability, and unmet medical needs significantly influenced the length of hospital stay. Living with family, employment, disability, chronic illness, and unmet medical needs significantly influenced hospitalization costs. MA beneficiaries had longer hospital stay than did NHI beneficiaries (F=5.99, P=0.003); however, there was no difference in hospitalization costs. Among those with low education, longer hospital stay length was more frequent among MA beneficiaries.
Conclusion: A future intervention model for MA inpatients should consider their service use patterns and characteristics. Most importantly, healthcare education should be provided according to MA patients’ education level to enable patients to make informed health-related decisions. An effort is needed to change the current hospitalization system by encouraging patients to utilize local community care service and by expanding community care and in-home healthcare services.
Detection Cell-Free DNA (cfDNA) Using Nested-PCR as a Diagnosis Tool for Human Fascioliasis Infection
Authors: ARYAEIPOUR Mojgan , KAZEMI Bahram , BOZORGOMID Arezoo , MOHEBALI Mahdi , AZIZI Hakim , ROKNI Mohammad Bagher
Published: June 2020

Background: We aimed to detect Fasciola specific deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) by nested-PCR assay on human stool and urine samples and compare the results with the respective ELISA diagnostic assay.
Methods: Overall, 206 clinically suspected cases of fascioliasis were enrolled in the study. Blood samples were collected from all the patients, and serum samples were isolated. ELISA assay, using Fasciola somatic antigen (SA), was carried out to detect anti Fasciola antibodies for the collected sera. DNA was randomly extracted from 25 stool and 10 urine samples of seropositive individuals and was evaluated by conventional PCR and nested PCR methods. The nested-PCR results were confirmed by sequencing the 430 bp region of ribosomal ITSI gene. Stool and urine samples from patients with different parasitic diseases and 25 stool samples from healthy individuals served as controls. Urine samples were collected from 10 healthy controls as well.
Results: Fascioliasis was detected by ELISA in 24.8% of the individuals. Of these, 25 seropositive patients were randomly assigned to the study. Fasciola DNA was identified in the stool samples of 96% of seropositive patients by nested PCR but ova of Fasciola was detected by parasitology methods in only 20% of seropositive cases. Fasciola DNA was identified in 90% of the urine samples by nested PCR. No cross-reactions were observed with other parasites.
Conclusion: Detection of cfDNA in stool and urine samples has high accuracy and thus can be used for the diagnosis of Fasciola infection in human.
Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections among Individuals Referred to the Medical Centers of Coastal Cities, Guilan Province, Northern Iran, 2015-2017
Authors: ABDIPOUR Yaser , KHAZAN Hooshang , AZARGASHB Eznollah , MAHMOUDI Mohammad Reza , FARAHNAK Ali , ROSTAMI Ali
Published: June 2020

Background: Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are among the major public health problems, especially in developing countries. Northern Iran is highly endemic area for these infections. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of IPIs among people referred to the medical centers of the coastal cities in Guilan Province, Northern Iran.
Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional survey, 1232 stool samples were collected during 2015-2017. We used a structured questionnaire to obtain socio-demographic characteristics, and stool examination was performed using direct slide smear, formalin-ether concentration, trichrome and modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining techniques. The results were analyzed using SPSS and Chi-square test.
Results: The overall prevalence of IPs in our study was 17.8% (219/1232). The most common IP was Blastocystis sp. 154/1232 (12.59%), followed by Giardia lamblia 50/1232 (4.1%) and Entamoeba hartmani 45/1232 (3.7%). Out of the 219 positive patients, 82 (55.14%) and 137 (44.85%) were female and males, respectively. Regarding the socio-demographic variables, educational status (P=0.226), contact with domestic animals and soil (P=0.476), age years (P=0.78), Occupation (0.637) and Gender (P=0.417) were not significantly associated to IPIs.
Conclusion: In the past, parasitic infections were more prevalent in different parts of Iran. However, today it has declined indicating a significant improvement in level of individual hygiene, and environmental standards.
New and Inherited STAT1 Mutations in a Chinese Family with Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis: A Case Report
Authors: XU Xiaoheng , MENG Wenxia , FENG Lu , GUO Wei
Published: June 2020

A mild clinical Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis (CMC) phenotype with STAT1 transcription factor mutation has been identified in a Chinese family. It is a rare variant in STAT1 (NM_0073315.3c.1175T>C Met392Thr). Specifically, it is a heterozygous mutation. To date, the pathogenicity of this variant in STAT1 (NM_0073315.3c.1175T>C Met392Thr) for CMC has not been reported in the Human Gene Mutation Database. Thus, this is the first report about STAT1 mutation found in CMC patients from Chinese ethnic group. This study also shows the mutation on the DNA-binding domain of STAT1 for the first time. The findings will broaden the spectrum of STAT1 mutations and facilitate genetic diagnosis by the oral medicine specialists.
Nursing Experience of COVID-19 Prevention and Control in a Regional Central Hospital in a Non-Wuhan Area in China
Authors: MA Li , ZOU Shiyue , ZHANG Suying , WANG Xin , HE Lingyun , XI Ying , XIE Min , HE Dongmei , XU Xueqiong
Published: June 2020

The article's abstract is no available.
The Effects of Second-Hand Smoking Prevention Program Developed Based on Protection on Motivation Theory in School Aged Children
Authors: AN Hyun-Suk , KWEON Young-Ran
Published: June 2020

The article's abstract is no available.
Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Genes Detection among the Enterococcus faecalis Isolated from Swiftlet Industry in Borneo
Authors: LEONG Sui Sien , LIHAN Samuel , CHIA Hwa Chuan
Published: June 2020

The article's abstract is no available.
Mortality Rate of Older Patients with Lower Body Fractures: A Follow-Up Study
Authors: IBRAHIM Nurul Izzah , AHMAD Mohd Sharkawi , MOHAMED Siti Zulfarina , SAYED MOHD ZARIS Sharifah Nurul Aqilah , MOHAMED Isa Naina , MOHAMED Norazlina , MOKHTAR Sabarul Afian , SHUID Ahmad Nazrun
Published: June 2020

The article's abstract is no available.
Identifying Common Elements of Parent Training Programs for Children with ADHD: An Initial Effort to Develop an Element Approach in Iran
Authors: HOSSEINZADEH MALEK Zahra , RASOOLZADEH TABATBAEI Kazem , MASHHADI Ali , MOHARRERI Fatemeh
Published: June 2020

The article's abstract is no available.
People in China Suffering Air Pollutants Call for Better Environment
Authors: CAO Lanzhen , LI Sixing
Published: June 2020

The article's abstract is no available.
Community Vulnerability Map in Endemic Areas of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF), Banyumas, Indonesia
Authors: HIKMAWATI Isna , SOLIKHAH Umi , WAHYONO Hendro , MARTINI Martini
Published: June 2020

The article's abstract is no available.
Close Relationship between Diabetes and Cancer
Authors: PAKNEJAD Maliheh , MESHKANI Reza , AFRISHAM Reza
Published: June 2020

The article's abstract is no available.
Association between Illness Perception and Emotional Status in Iranian Patients after Heart Transplantation
Authors: Shahmansouri Nazila , Salehi Mehrdad , Bakhshandeh Ali Reza , Sattarzadeh Badkoubeh Roya , Lotfi-Tokaldani Masoumeh , Noorbala Ahmad Ali , Mashayekhi Azadeh
Published: June 2020

Background: Heart transplantation is a major procedure which imposes high emotional stress on patients. Illness perception (IP) is a psychological issue which affects psychological adjustment after transplantation. This study aimed to investigate the association between IP and emotional status in Iranian post-heart transplantation patients.
Methods: The present cross-sectional study, conducted between 2018 and 2019 in Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran, recruited 121 post-heart transplantation patients. IP was measured using the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ), and emotional status was measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The association between IP and depression/anxiety was assessed.
Results: Men comprised 80.2% of the study population. The mean age of the participants was 43.9±12.95 years. Definite caseness for depression and anxiety was reported in 11.6% and 18.2% of the participants, respectively. The median score of IP was 55. The association between anxiety and IP in total IP and the 3 dimensions of IP was statically significant (P=0.015, P=0.018, P=0.002, and P=0.023 for the cognition, emotion, and understanding dimensions and the total IPQ, respectively). Additionally, the association between depression and IP was significant (P=0.001, P=0.029, and P=0.002 for the cognition and emotion dimensions and the total IPQ, correspondingly, except for the understanding dimension). Furthermore, lower levels of anxiety in the patients showed a greater impact on IP than did depression.
Conclusion: There was a significant association between IP and depression and anxiety in our study population. Therefore, the diagnosis and management of anxiety and depression in heart transplantation patients may improve IP. The cross-sectional design of the present study precluded an investigation of the causality between IP and emotional status.
Cardiac Involvement in Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis: A Meta-analysis of 62 Case Reports
Authors: Pakbaz Mojdeh , Pakbaz- Marziyeh
Published: June 2020

Background: Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a rare multi-systemic vasculitis, with cardiac involvement being one of its most serious manifestations. We aimed to systematically review and analyze the limited case reports of EGPA with cardiac involvement.
f EGPA with cardiac involvement. Methods: Based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we performed a systematic literature search for the case reports of EGPA with cardiac involvement in the MEDLINE database from 2011 until 2018. For each case, clinical data including sex, age, clinical presentation, electrocardiographic and cardiac imaging findings, the type of cardiac involvement, the available laboratory data (cardiac biomarkers, white blood cell count, eosinophilic count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody positivity), therapeutic regimen, and the outcome of the patients were collected and analyzed.
Results: A total number of 62 cases were included. The mean age was 48.29±15.60 years, and 51.6% were male. All the cases were in the active disease state. Cardiac symptoms, electrocardiographic abnormalities, abnormal biomarkers, and abnormal echocardiography were detected in 82.3%, 68.5%, 77.4%, and 96.8%, respectively. Cardiac magnetic resonance was done in 46.8% of the patients, and it was abnormal in all. The most common abnormal findings in echocardiography were systolic left ventricular dysfunction (83.9%) and pericardial effusion (37.1%). The most common type of clinical presentation was clinical heart failure (51.6%). Only 6.5% of the patients presented with tamponade. The overall prognosis was good.
Conclusion: Any part of the heart could be involved by EGPA. The results emphasize the necessity of in-depth cardiac evaluation in these patients.
Coarctation Stenting in a Rare Case with Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries and the Bicuspid Aortic Valve
Authors: Khajali Zahra , Maleki Majid , Mohebbi Bahram , Aliramezany Maryam
Published: June 2020

Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (cc-TGA) is a rare congenital abnormality that occurs in 1 per 33000 live births. This abnormality comprises nearly 0.05% of all congenital heart defects, with at least 90% of cc-TGA patients having associated cardiac defects; some of these associated defects are, however, very rare. In this case report, we describe a 22-year-old man who referred to our hospital for the evaluation of hypertension and cardiac murmurs. Via echocardiography and catheterization, the patient was finally diagnosed with cc-TGA, bicuspid aortic valve, and coarctation of the aorta. He underwent successful percutaneous transarterial coarctoplasty without any complications at early and 6 months’ follow-up visits.
Bloody Pericardial Effusion with a Huge Pericardial Mass: A Case Report
Authors: Zoroufian Arezou , Shirzad Mahmoud , Shahbazi Narges , Saheb Jam Mohammad , Rahnamoun Zahra , Shirani Shapoor , Davarpasand Tahereh
Published: June 2020

Nowadays, the early diagnosis of tumoral diseases is more possible and accurate with multiple diagnostic imaging modalities such as chest X-ray, echocardiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, especially for cardiac tumors which are usually asymptomatic, even in large sizes. In cardiac masses, the patients’ presentations are nonspecific and dependent on the tumor size and site as well as its compressive effect on the adjacent structures. On the other hand, the first and last signs could be sudden cardiac death. However, cardiac masses are either benign or malignant and metastatic in their malignant type, and their definite diagnosis is only possible by surgical tumor resection and tissue biopsy. In this paper, we describe an old patient with severe pericardial effusion and an unusual intrapericardial tumor in transthoracic echocardiography, representing a rare case of a giant ectopic thymoma after surgical resection and pathologic assessment.
Metastasis of a Malignant Thymoma Presenting as a Right Atrial Mass
Authors: Etemad Timoor , Shahbazi Narges , Forozannia Khalil , Hosseinsabet Ali
Published: June 2020

This article is a Letter to the Editor and does not include an Abstract.
Trends in Obesity among Iranian Children and Adolescents: 2000–2016
Authors: Jenabi Ensiyeh , Khazaei Salman
Published: June 2020

This article is a Letter to the Editor and does not include an Abstract.
Quality assessment in systematic reviews: The importance of choosing the right tools
Authors: Negarandeh Reza , Beykmirza Raziyeh
Published: June 2020

The article's abstract is no available.
Covid-19 and nursing home residents: The potential role of geriatric nurses in a special crisis
Authors: Barasteh Salman , Vahedian Azimi Amir , Khademi Fatemeh , Goharinezhad Salime , Rassouli Maryam
Published: June 2020

The article's abstract is no available.
The effect of surgical preference card on the clinical self-efficacy of operating room students
Authors: Zarei Mohammad Reza , Bagheri Sara , Sedigh Amin , Ghasembandi Mohammad
Published: June 2020

Background & Aim: A wide range of clinical education of operating room students is done in the operating room. One of the problems in students' clinical education is the lack of appropriate learning tools in the operating room. The use of educational tools that improve students' performance affects students' self-efficacy in the operating room. So, the purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the surgical preference card as an educational aid tool on the self-efficacy of the operating room students.
Methods & Materials: This quasi-experimental study was carried out on 64 operating room students of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences at AL-Zahra Hospital in the year 2018. Participates were selected through convenience sampling and were divided into experimental (n=32) and control (n=32) groups. The students in the intervention group performed surgical care with using the surgical preference card. The data collection tool was a clinical self-efficacy questionnaire. Data were analyzed with SPSS-21 software using the independent-t, paired t-test, and chi-square test.
Results: The findings of this study showed that there was no significant difference between the average self-efficacy score of the control group before and after the intervention (p>0.05). while the average self-efficacy score of the experimental group increased significantly after the intervention as compared with before the intervention (p <0.001).
Conclusion: The surgical preference card as an educational aid tool improved the students' selfefficacy. Therefore, it is recommended to use this tool for the clinical education of other operating room students.
Relief and care in the shade: A concept extracted from practices of neonatal nurses during pain management
Authors: Hadian Shirazi Zahra , Soltanian Mitra , Sabet Sarvestani Raheleh
Published: June 2020

Background & Aim: Nowadays, despite the improvements in the knowledge and attitude of healthcare professionals, there are still obstacles against pain management in neonatal intensive care units. Hence, it is necessary to know about the problems of pain management in neonatal intensive care units. This research aimed to explore the pain management experiences of neonatal intensive care unit nurses and neonatologists.
Methods & Materials: This content analysis study was conducted on six experienced neonatal intensive care units nurses and two neonatologists in one hospital affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences who were selected through purposive sampling which continued until saturation. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews and field notes. The data were simultaneously analyzed using inductive content analysis.
Results: Analysis of the data generated one theme and three categories and seven subcategories. The theme was “pain relief in the shade”. The categories were “responsibility versus ignorance”, “family caregiver as a barrier or facilitator”, and “newborn, sacrificed due to imbalanced context”. This study showed that professional caregivers managed pain on the margin of other cares. The effects of family care were identified as paradox, helping, or disturbing. The participants also emphasized the impact of environmental disruptions on pain management.
Conclusion: The experiences of pain management in neonatal intensive care units were identified at three levels of professional caregivers, family caregivers, and organizational atmosphere. Exploring this experience could help improve pain management and reduce its side effects in susceptible neonates. Hence, healthcare workers are recommended to ensure effective pain management in neonatal intensive care units by ongoing monitoring and audit.