bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Cabeza” (+ sufijos) en andaluz. (Estudios de un campo semántico etimológico)
Authors: Molina Redondo José Andrés de
Published: December 2014

Cuando, en tiempos recientes, los lingüistas han abordado la posibilidad de elaborar una semántica estructural, ha vuelto a plantearse el problema, viejo de siglos, de la relación entre lenguaje y pensamiento. Podemos decir que los términos del problema son hoy los siguientes: suponiendo que el pensamiento organice (o refleje la organización de) el mundo en «campos conceptuales», ¿es lícito afirmar que esa organización es o llega a ser lingüística? Fuera de algunos campos privilegiados -términos de parentesco, de color, etc.-, el objeto de estudio parece proporcionar argumentos a opiniones muy dispares. Sin entrar de lleno en el problema -aunque la simple realización del presente trabajo suponga ya, como se comprenderá, una toma de posición-, intentamos aquí aplicar un método que nos parece muy adecuado para estudiar algunas parcelas del léxico.
El abad de Rute y una carta de Lope
Authors: Marín Nicolás
Published: December 2014

No disponible.
Amadís de Gaula. Sevilla. La Barrera, 1575. Una edición recuperada
Authors: Periñán Blanca
Published: December 2014

No disponible.
Realizaciones de /ĉ/ en el área metropolitana de San Juan de Puerto Rico
Authors: Quilis Antonio , Vaquero María
Published: December 2014

No disponible
La comedia mitológica calderoniana: soberbia y castigo
Authors: Haverbeck Ojeda N. Erwin
Published: December 2014

No disponible
Notas de entonación gallega
Authors: Carril Ramón B.
Published: December 2014

No disponible
Otra serie de apostillas en los márgenes del Diccionario Crítico Etimológico de la Lengua Castellana de J. Corominas, sacadas del Ms. Esc. 1.1.6
Authors: Morreale M.
Published: December 2014

No disponible
Don Rachel e Vidas, amigos caros. Replanteamiento
Authors: Garci-Gómez Miguel
Published: December 2014

No disponible
La biblioteca de un escritor del siglo XVII: Bernardino de Rebolledo
Authors: Casado Lobato Maria Concepción
Published: December 2014

No disponible
La coordinación adversativa en español: Aspecto sincrónico
Authors: Echaide Ana María
Published: December 2014

Las oraciones adversativas, denominación que hace referencia a la relación que se establece entre los elementos que las forman, han sido incluidas tradicionalmente en las gramáticas españolas entre las oraciones coordinadas. Sin embargo, se ha advertido que los miembros de una oración adversativa no son tan independientes como los de una copulativa; de ahí que se haya pensado que la. adversación se acerca a la subordinación. El propósito de este trabajo es el de estudiar algunas características formales de la adversación, en las distintas formas que presenta, que nos llevará a considerarla de estructura fundamentalmente paratáctica. Pero para ello es necesario tratar una cuestión previa: la distinción formal entre parataxis e hipotaxis.
En torno a los verbos perifrásticos del español: Un análisis sintáctico transformacional
Authors: Schroten Jan
Published: December 2014

Intentaremos demostrar: primero, que los verbos perifrásticos del español no son verbos auxiliares desde un punto de vista puramente formal, y segundo, que las características de estos verbos deben y pueden ser explicadas mediante reglas de transfomación y reglas de interpretación semántica. El ensayo se divide en tres partes: en el primer párrafo, introduciremos las características de los verbos perifrásticos que parecen ser la base de los estudios dedicados al problema; en el segundo párrafo, demostraremos que no hay un solo argumento válido para considerar los verbos perifrásticos como verbos auxiliares; en el tercer párrafo, se esbozará cómo las características de los verbos perifrásticos pueden y deben ser explicadas.
Sobre la penetración de hispanismos en napolitano e italiano
Authors: Vidos B. E.
Published: December 2014

No disponible.
La métrica en los Autos Sacramentales de Bances Candamo
Authors: Pérez Feliu José
Published: December 2014

El presente estudio de métrica se enfoca desde el punto de vista del uso y función que ésta tiene en los autos de Bances Candamo y además -siendo nuestro autor un escritor límite- ver cuál es la evolución que han sufrido, en este aspecto, las normas del Arte Nuevo de Lope hasta llegar a él. Efectivamente, como demostraremos, existe un cambio y, sobre todo, una consolidación de esas reglas; así, notaremos cómo la polimétrica tiene su razón de ser, una causa que justifica el uso de un metro u otro según la función que se le quiera dar a una determinada situación o personaje. Naturalmente, nos damos cuenta de lo problemático que es este planteamiento, y más tratándose de autos, no de comedias (más ricas en mutaciones). No obstante, opinamos que se puede ofrecer mayor interés y aportación de esta manera. Por otra parte, y dada la condición de la época, la mentalidad y la coyuntura que vive Candamo nos ha inducido a buscar también innovaciones dieciochescas, que, por entonces, estaban en gestación.
Estudio del “Diálogo de Çillenia y Selanio”
Authors: López Estrada Francisco
Published: December 2014

No disponible.
Aspiraciones del humanismo español del siglo xv: Revalorización del Prohemio e Carta de Santillana
Authors: Ferrie Francis
Published: December 2014

No disponible.
PUEBLA-PUEBLO: Aportación a la historia de un topónimo y de un apelativo
Authors: Lang Jürgen
Published: December 2014

No disponible.
Áreas léxicas en una encrucijada lingüística
Authors: Fontanals Joaquín Rafael
Published: December 2014

No disponible.
Cuatro versiones españolas de un soneto de Sannazaro (Garcilaso, Rey de Artieda y J. Delitala)
Authors: Reyes Cano Rogelio
Published: December 2014

No disponible.
Un poema inédito del Maestro Francisco de Medina
Authors: Vranich Stanko
Published: December 2014

No disponible.
LAMBA, XAVACA, MORADAMA, tres topónimos en Sierra Elvira (Granada)
Authors: Martínez Ruiz Juan
Published: December 2014

No disponible.
Lectura del primer capítulo del Libro de la Sabiduría en los romanceamientos bíblicos contenidos en Esc. I, I .6, General Estoria y Esc. I, I.4
Authors: Morreale Margherita
Published: December 2014

No disponible.
La “Vida de Esopo” y la “Vida de Lazarillo de Tormes”
Authors: Adrados Francisco R.
Published: December 2014

No disponible.
Perspectivas y dualidades pronominales (Yo-Tu) en el Romancero Espiritual de Lope de Vega
Authors: Carreño Antonio
Published: December 2014

No disponible.
La “vaquilla”, el “solimán” y otras cuestiones del Diálogo entre el amor y un viejo
Authors: Alvar Carlos
Published: December 2014

No disponible.
La variación fonética de /r/ y /rr/ en el español cubano
Authors: Terrel Tracy
Published: December 2014

No disponible.
Motivaciones para el estudio del español en las gramáticas del siglo XVI
Authors: Roldán Pérez Antonio
Published: December 2014

¿Puede hablarse hoy, como en el siglo XVI, de la necesidad de conocer, como segunda lengua, el español? Mucho me temo que la respuesta, desde perspectivas europeas, sea desgraciadamente negativa. La pregunta, planteada teóricamente, tiene una contestación obvia; pero en el campo pragmático el tablero de intereses apunta hacia otros derroteros. Es mi intención, en las páginas que siguen, mostrar las justificaciones que aparecen en las gramáticas, tendentes a suscitar en los lectores extranjeros la necesidad de conocer la lengua española; pero· también la acción política hispana, en esa época, incide en las vicisitudes por las que muchas veces pasa el español dentro de los manuales europeos de la época. Sin pretensiones de exhaustividad presentaré primero algunos casos de la correlación política -aparición/desaparición del español-, para luego detenerme en las motivaciones que se esgrimen para el conocimiento de nuestra lengua.
Nota sobre CAPTENENCIA
Authors: Alvar Manuel
Published: December 2014

No disponible.
Nuevas aportaciones léxicas en los documentos de bienes moriscos (año 1569)
Authors: Martínez Ruiz Juan
Published: December 2014

No disponible.
Contribución al estudio del léxico institucional en “Las Partidas”: El Alférez
Authors: Carrasco Inés
Published: December 2014

No disponible.
La Gramática de la Academia del siglo XVIII
Authors: Domínguez Caparrós José
Published: December 2014

Aunque los primeros trabajos de la Academia en su empeño por estudiar el castellano no apuntaron al campo gramatical, tampoco abandonó este aspecto de la lengua. Sus primeros esfuerzos se dirigieron a recoger el vocabulario y como fruto tenemos el magnífico Diccionario de Autoridades. Más tarde aprovecharía la gran cantidad de materiales acumulados para el Diccionario y daría a la Gramática el carácter normativo que hasta entonces no había sido el predominante en los tratados de gramática española. Vamos, pues, a intentar un acercamiento a esta gramática y estructuraremos estas notas en tres apartados. Primeramente, narraremos la historia externa de la elaboración de la gramática teniendo como guía las actas de las sesiones de la Academia. En segundo lugar, veremos los cambios doctrinales que hay entre las tres primeras ediciones de la gramática y la cuarta, todas del siglo XVIII. Por fin, intentaremos situar la gramática de la Academia dentro de los estudios gramaticales anteriores. Aunque nuestro estudio se va a centrar en las gramáticas, no hemos olvidado un repaso a las ideas gramaticales contenidas en los diccionarios de la Academia del siglo XVIII.
Aux origines de l’Inag
Authors: Cayrel Roger
Published: December 2014

Créé en 1967 à l’initiative de Jean-François Denisse, l’Institut national d’astronomie et de géophysique (Inag) a présidé à la construction du télescope de 3,60 mètres Canada-France-Hawaii (TCFH). Roger Cayrel, directeur adjoint de l’institut national et responsable du projet TCFH, revient sur la construction de cet instrument de renommée mondiale…
De l’Inag à l’Insu
Authors: Petit Michel
Published: December 2014

Directeur de l’Institut national d’astronomie et de géophysique à la suite de Jean Delhaye (1971-1978) et directeur scientifique du département Terre, Océan, Atmosphère, Espace du CNRS de 1978 à 1985, Michel Petit a organisé l’élargissement qui a abouti à la naissance de l’Institut national des sciences de l’Univers (Insu) en 1985.
L’Insu à la croisée des chemins
Authors: Aubry Michel
Published: December 2014

Directeur du département Sciences de l’Univers (SDU) et de l’Institut national des sciences de l’Univers (Insu) de 1993 à 1996, à la suite d’André Berroir (1985-1993), Michel Aubry a rempli ses fonctions pendant une période de contraintes budgétaires et d’incertitudes politiques. Dès les premiers mois de son mandat, il a organisé le transfert de l’ensemble des services sur le nouveau campus CNRS, rue Michel-Ange à Paris.
L’Insu au milieu des années 2000 : atouts et changements
Authors: Joussaume Sylvie
Published: December 2014

Directrice du département (SDU) et de l’Institut national des sciences de l’Univers (Insu) de 2003 à 2006, à la suite de Philippe Gillet (2001-2003), Sylvie Joussaume a été confrontée à plusieurs enjeux de taille pendant une période de changements majeurs pour le CNRS. Elle revient sur les nombreux projets qui ont marqué ces trois années de l’histoire de l’Institut.
L’Institut d’électronique fondamentale, cinquante ans d’histoire
Authors: Laval Suzanne
Published: December 2014

L’Institut d’électronique fondamentale et l’un des premiers laboratoires implantés à Orsay et il a été associé au CNRS dès 1966. Il a joué un rôle moteur dans la mise en place de l’enseignement en électronique et a toujours allié des recherches très fondamentales à un souci d’aller le plus loin possible dans le développement des applications. Cet article retrace l’évolution de la vie du laboratoire au cours des cinquante dernières années.
La construction du grand électro-aimant de l’Académie des sciences
Authors: Guthleben Denis
Published: December 2014

En 1956, le CNRS fait paraître un bel ouvrage réunissant les œuvres scientifiques du physicien Aimé Cotton1. L’initiative est soutenue sans réserve depuis le début des années 1950 par le directeur général de l’établissement, Gaston Dupouy. Elle constitue, à ses yeux, une occasion privilégiée de rendre hommage à celui qui a été son maître, son patron et, n’ayons pas peur des mots, l’idole vers laquelle il ne cesse de se tourner jusque dans les moindres occasions – Gaston Dupouy n’oublie ainsi jamais de rappeler à ses propres étudiants tout le parti qu’Aimé Cotton savait tirer « d’un capuchon de stylographe pour le réglage des miroirs de Fresnel »… Pour autant, les Œuvres scientifiques d’Aimé Cotton ne sont pas seulement l’offrande d’un élève arrivé au faîte de sa carrière à son maître. Elles traduisent l’estime de toute une communauté pour un chercheur de premier plan, un expérimentateur de génie et un homme de convictions, que la modestie a conduit à repousser cette marque de révérence jusqu’au moment où elle ne pouvait plus être exprimée qu’à titre posthume.
As estratégias de resposta a conflitos violentos e de (re)construção da paz: Uma análise crítica
Authors: Nascimento Daniela
Published: December 2014

Com o final da Guerra Fria, a prevenção e resolução de conflitos violentos, bem como a construção da paz tornaram-se, segundo Roland Paris, numa espécie de ‘missão civilizadora’ nas mãos de atores externos. Na prática, tal significou que estes passaram a definir estratégias comuns e amplas, assentes nos princípios da paz liberal, de modo a lidar com os vários países em conflito interno violento. Apesar de contribuírem para a tomada de consciência sobre a multiplicidade e complexidade das causas dos conflitos, estas estratégias rapidamente se tornaram dominantes, cristalizando uma agenda de prioridades que favorece direitos e instituições de natureza civil e política e negligencia garantias económicas, sociais e culturais. Tendo este contexto em mente, o objetivo do presente artigo é analisar e avaliar criticamente as mudanças teóricas e empíricas ao nível dos modelos e estratégias de paz dominantes, chamando a atenção para a forma como o projeto de paz liberal tende a esconder formas de desigualdade que sustêm e reproduzem o conflito e a violência.
O fenômeno da segregação residencial no “Sul do Sul”. O caso de Neuquén (Patagônia, Argentina) no início dos anos noventa
Authors: Perren Joaquín
Published: December 2014

O presente trabalho analisa a segregação residencial socioeconômica na cidade de Neuquén (Patagônia, Argentina) no começo da década de 1990. Para cumprir com esse propósito, o texto divide-se em três partes. Na primeira seção, realiza-se uma aproximação teórico-metodológica ao conceito de segregação residencial e um levantamento de possíveis maneiras de medi-la. Na segunda parte, propõe-se uma descrição geral do cenário no qual se desenvolveu o fenômeno que pretendemos estudar. Para tanto, examina-se a estratégia de crescimento implementada pelo Governo Provincial e as mudanças que a mesma imprimiu na população e na sociedade de Neuquén. Na última parte do texto, apresenta-se uma análise quantitativa de três dimensões da segregação: desigualdade, concentração e isolamento. Em termos heurísticos, o artigo utiliza informação sociodemográfica fornecida pelo Censo Nacional de Población y Vivienda de 1991 da Argentina. Além disso, para espacializar muitos dos fenômenos que os dados censuais colocaram em evidência, elaboraram-se cartografias temáticas a partir da utilização de Sistemas de Informação Geográfica.
Relatos de branquitude entre um grupo de homens brancos do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Corossacz Valeria Ribeiro
Published: December 2014

Neste artigo apresento dados de uma pesquisa realizada entre homens de classe média-alta do Rio de Janeiro, que se autodefinem como brancos. A pesquisa se insere no debate dos critical whiteness studies e tem como objetivo compreender a branquitude para avançar no estudo do racismo na sociedade brasileira. A análise de trechos de entrevistas demonstra como alguns entrevistados recorrem à figura da própria babá negra para poder dar um contorno à própria branquitude, embora a neguem como dado social no restante da entrevista. Neste sentido, discuto como a experiência da branquitude para esses entrevistados se concretizou no entrelaçamento entre as hierarquias de cor, gênero e classe.
Cidadania e empoderamento local em contextos de consolidação da paz
Authors: Borges Marisa , Maschietto Roberta Holanda
Published: December 2014

O artigo discute de forma crítica a ênfase dada ao ‘local’ nas agendas de construção da paz e desenvolvimento. Neste sentido, analisa, primeiramente, a incorporação dos termos empoderamento (empowerment) e apropriação local (ownership) na agenda internacional e a sua conceção eminentemente apolítica e técnica. Paralelamente, nota a paradoxal ausência do tratamento do conceito de cidadania no espectro destas agendas, em especial no âmbito da (re)construção de Estados (statebuilding). Considerando as críticas relativas ao primeiro tema e a ausência de debate em relação ao segundo, o artigo propõe a repolitização dos conceitos de empoderamento e cidadania e a sua utilização analítica conjunta, a fim de resgatar a importante dimensão das dinâmicas de poder existentes não apenas entre os níveis interno e externo, discussão presente na maioria das análises sobre intervenção, mas também a nível interno, uma vez que aqui reside a base de sustentabilidade da paz a longo prazo.
Functions of Heat Shock Proteins in Pathways of the Innate and Adaptive Immune System
Authors: Binder Robert Julian
Published: December 2014

For more than 50 years, heat shock proteins (HSPs) have been studied for their role in protecting cells from elevated temperature and other forms of stress. More recently, several roles have been ascribed to HSPs in the immune system. These include intracellular roles in Ag presentation and expression of innate receptors, as well as extracellular roles in tumor immunosurveillance and autoimmunity. Exogenously administered HSPs can elicit a variety of immune responses that have been used in immunotherapy of cancer, infectious diseases, and autoimmune disease.
The Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell as the Swiss Army Knife of the Immune System: Molecular Regulation of Its Multifaceted Functions
Authors: Karrich Julien J. , Jachimowski Loes C. M. , Uittenbogaart Christel H. , Blom Bianca
Published: December 2014

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) have been regarded as the “professional type I IFN–producing cells” of the immune system following viral recognition that relies on the expression of TLR7 and TLR9. Furthermore, pDC link the innate and adaptive immune systems via cytokine production and Ag presentation. More recently, their ability to induce tolerance and cytotoxicity has been added to their “immune skills.” Such a broad range of actions, resembling the diverse functional features of a Swiss army knife, requires strong and prompt molecular regulation to prevent detrimental effects, including autoimmune pathogenesis or tumor escape. Over the last decades, we and other investigators have started to unravel some aspects of the signaling pathways that regulate the various functions of human pDC. In this article, we review aspects of the molecular regulatory mechanisms to control pDC function in light of their multifaceted roles during immunity, autoimmunity, and cancer.
Th1/Th17 Plasticity Is a Marker of Advanced β Cell Autoimmunity and Impaired Glucose Tolerance in Humans
Authors: Reinert-Hartwall Linnea , Honkanen Jarno , Salo Harri M. , Nieminen Janne K. , Luopajärvi Kristiina , Härkönen Taina , Veijola Riitta , Simell Olli , Ilonen Jorma , Peet Aleksandr , Tillmann Vallo , Knip Mikael , Vaarala Outi ,   The DIABIMMUNE Study Group, Knip Mikael , Koski Katriina , Koski Matti , Härkönen Taina , Ryhänen Samppa , Hämäläinen Anu-Maaria , Ormisson Anne , Peet Aleksandr , Tillmann Vallo , Ulich Valentina , Kuzmicheva Elena , Mokurov Sergei , Markova Svetlana , Pylova Svetlana , Isakova Marina , Shakurova Elena , Petrov Vladimir , Dorshakova Natalya V. , Karapetyan Tatyana , Varlamova Tatyana , Ilonen Jorma , Kiviniemi Minna , Alnek Kristi , Janson Helis , Uibo Raivo , Salum Tiit , von Mutius Erika , Weber Juliane , Ahlfors Helena , Kallionpää Henna , Laajala Essi , Lahesmaa Riitta , Lähdesmäki Harri , Moulder Robert , Nieminen Janne , Ruohtula Terhi , Vaarala Outi , Honkanen Hanna , Hyöty Heikki , Kondrashova Anita , Oikarinen Sami , Harmsen Hermie J. M. , De Goffau Marcus C. , Welling Gjalt , Alahuhta Kirsi , Virtanen Suvi M.
Published: December 2014

Upregulation of IL-17 immunity and detrimental effects of IL-17 on human islets have been implicated in human type 1 diabetes. In animal models, the plasticity of Th1/Th17 cells contributes to the development of autoimmune diabetes. In this study, we demonstrate that the upregulation of the IL-17 pathway and Th1/Th17 plasticity in peripheral blood are markers of advanced β cell autoimmunity and impaired β cell function in human type 1 diabetes. Activated Th17 immunity was observed in the late stage of preclinical diabetes in children with β cell autoimmunity and impaired glucose tolerance, but not in children with early β cell autoimmunity. We found an increased ratio of IFN-γ/IL-17 expression in Th17 cells in children with advanced β cell autoimmunity, which correlated with HbA1c and plasma glucose concentrations in an oral glucose tolerance test, and thus impaired β cell function. Low expression of Helios was seen in Th17 cells, suggesting that Th1/Th17 cells are not converted thymus-derived regulatory T cells. Our results suggest that the development of Th1/Th17 plasticity may serve as a biomarker of disease progression from β cell autoantibody positivity to type 1 diabetes. These data in human type 1 diabetes emphasize the role of Th1/Th17 plasticity as a potential contributor to tissue destruction in autoimmune conditions.
The P2X1 Receptor Is Required for Neutrophil Extravasation during Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Lethal Endotoxemia in Mice
Authors: Maître Blandine , Magnenat Stéphanie , Heim Véronique , Ravanat Catherine , Evans Richard J. , de la Salle Henri , Gachet Christian , Hechler Béatrice
Published: December 2014

Extracellular ATP is becoming increasingly recognized as an important regulator of inflammation. However, the known repertoire of P2 receptor subtypes responsible for the proinflammatory effects of ATP is sparse. We looked at whether the P2X1 receptor, an ATP-gated cation channel present on platelets, neutrophils, and macrophages, participates in the acute systemic inflammation provoked by LPS. Compared with wild-type (WT) mice, P2X1−/− mice displayed strongly diminished pathological responses, with dampened neutrophil accumulation in the lungs, less tissue damage, reduced activation of coagulation, and resistance to LPS-induced death. P2X1 receptor deficiency also was associated with a marked reduction in plasma levels of the main proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines induced by LPS. Interestingly, macrophages and neutrophils isolated from WT and P2X1−/− mice produced similar levels of proinflammatory cytokines when stimulated with LPS in vitro. Intravital microscopy revealed a defect in LPS-induced neutrophil emigration from cremaster venules into the tissues of P2X1−/− mice. Using adoptive transfer of immunofluorescently labeled neutrophils from WT and P2X1−/− mice into WT mice, we demonstrate that the absence of the P2X1 receptor on neutrophils was responsible for this defect. This study reveals a major role for the P2X1 receptor in LPS-induced lethal endotoxemia through its critical involvement in neutrophil emigration from venules.
IFN-γ Regulates CD8+ Memory T Cell Differentiation and Survival in Response to Weak, but Not Strong, TCR Signals
Authors: Stoycheva Diana , Deiser Katrin , Stärck Lilian , Nishanth Gopala , Schlüter Dirk , Uckert Wolfgang , Schüler Thomas
Published: December 2014

In response to primary Ag contact, naive mouse CD8+ T cells undergo clonal expansion and differentiate into effector T cells. After pathogen clearance, most effector T cells die, and only a small number of memory T cell precursors (TMPs) survive to form a pool of long-lived memory T cells (TMs). Although high- and low-affinity CD8+ T cell clones are recruited into the primary response, the TM pool consists mainly of high-affinity clones. It remains unclear whether the more efficient expansion of high-affinity clones and/or cell-intrinsic processes exclude low-affinity T cells from the TM pool. In this article, we show that the lack of IFN-γR signaling in CD8+ T cells promotes TM formation in response to weak, but not strong, TCR agonists. The IFN-γ–sensitive accumulation of TMs correlates with reduced mammalian target of rapamycin activation and the accumulation of long-lived CD62LhiBcl-2hiEomeshi TMPs. Reconstitution of mammalian target of rapamycin or IFN-γR signaling is sufficient to block this process. Hence, our data suggest that IFN-γR signaling actively blocks the formation of TMPs responding to weak TCR agonists, thereby promoting the accumulation of high-affinity T cells finally dominating the TM pool.
The Interaction of KIR3DL1*001 with HLA Class I Molecules Is Dependent upon Molecular Microarchitecture within the Bw4 Epitope
Authors: Saunders Philippa M. , Vivian Julian P. , Baschuk Nikola , Beddoe Travis , Widjaja Jacqueline , O’Connor Geraldine M. , Hitchen Corinne , Pymm Phillip , Andrews Daniel M. , Gras Stephanie , McVicar Daniel W. , Rossjohn Jamie , Brooks Andrew G.
Published: December 2014

The killer cell Ig-like receptor 3DL1 (KIR3DL1) inhibits activation of NK cells upon interaction with HLA class I molecules such as HLA-B*57:01, which contains the Bw4 epitope spanning residues 77–83 (e.g., NLRIALR), and not with HLA allomorphs that possess the Bw6 motif (e.g., HLA-B*08:01), which differ at residues 77, 80, 81, 82, and 83. Although Bw4 residues Ile80 and Arg83 directly interact with KIR3DL1*001, their precise role in determining KIR3DL1-HLA-Bw4 specificity remains unclear. Recognition of HLA-B*57:01 by either KIR3DL1+ NK cells or the NK cell line YTS transfected with KIR3DL1*001 was impaired by mutation of residues 80 and 83 of HLA-B*57:01 to the corresponding amino acids within the Bw6 motif. Conversely, the simultaneous introduction of three Bw4 residues at positions 80, 82, and 83 into HLA-B*08:01 conferred an interaction with KIR3DL1*001. Structural analysis of HLA-B*57:01, HLA-B*08:01, and mutants of each bearing substitutions at positions 80 and 83 revealed that Ile80 and Arg83 within the Bw4 motif constrain the conformation of Glu76, primarily through a salt bridge between Arg83 and Glu76. This salt bridge was absent in HLA-Bw6 molecules as well as position 83 mutants of HLA-B*57:01. Mutation of the Bw4 residue Ile80 also disrupted this salt bridge, providing further insight into the role that position 80 plays in mediating KIR3DL1 recognition. Thus, the strict conformation of HLA-Bw4 allotypes, held in place by the Glu76–Arg83 interaction, facilitates KIR3DL1 binding, whereas Bw6 allotypes present a platform on the α1 helix that is less permissive for KIR3DL1 binding.
Calvin’s interpretation of the first commandment and the implications for religious pluralism and equality of religion
Authors: Coetzee Carel F.C.
Published: December 2014

Scholars agree that we live in a pluralistic world. For the purpose of this article, the emphasis is on religious pluralism as distinguished from other forms of pluralism. The religious pluralism addressed in this article, can be seen as synonymous with equality of religion. From the paradigm of the Calvinistic-Reformed tradition, the question is asked what the implications of Calvin’s interpretation of the first commandment are for the phenomenon of religious pluralism and equality of religion. His interpretation in the Institutes (1536 and 1559) and Catechisms (1538 and 1545) as well as his commentaries on Exodus 20:3 and Deuteronomy 5:7 emphasise that there is only one God: the triune God of Scripture. He alone should be worshipped as he commands in his law. This claim also applies to the government. In the pluralistic context of today, the Church ought to maintain and proclaim this truth − both in its apologetic calling and witness to government.Calvyn se verklaring van die eerste gebod en die implikasies daarvan vir godsdienspluralismeen godsdiensgelykheid. Navorsers stem saam dat ons in ’n pluralistiese wêreld leef. Wat die fokus van hierdie artikel betref, val die klem op godsdienstige pluralisme in onderskeid van ander vorme van pluralisme. Godsdienspluralisme kan, sover dit die skopus van hierdie artikel betref, gesien word as sinoniem met godsdiensgelykheid. Vanuit die Calvinisties-reformatoriese tradisie word die vraag ondersoek wat die implikasies van Calvyn se verklaring van die eerste gebod vir die verskynsel van godsdienspluralisme en godsdiensgelykheid is. In sy verklaring in die Institusie (1536 en 1559) en sy Kategismus (1538 en 1545) sowel as in sy kommentare op Eksodus 20:3 en Deuteronomium 5:7, beklemtoon Calvyn dat daar net een God is, die drieenige God van die Skrif. Hy alleen moet aanbid word soos Hy in sy wet beveel. Hierdie eis geld ook vir die owerheid. In die pluralistiese tyd en samelewing moet die kerk hierdie waarheid handhaaf en uitdra in die apologetiese roeping sowel as as in die getuienis teenoor die owerheid.
Neurosarcoidosis presenting as an incidental solitary cranial ring-enhancing lesion
Authors: Thambuswamy Michael , Shah Ashish , Tran Mai , Thambuswamy Joanne , Bregy Amade , Norenberg Michael , Komotar Ricardo
Published: December 2014

Isolated neurosarcoidosis without prior systemic symptoms is extremely rare, occurring in approximately 2% of patients with neurosarcoidosis. Due to its rarity, mistakes in diagnosis and treatment occur commonly. We present a case of a 47-year-old female who was found to have an incidentally discovered solitary intracranial lesion that mimicked a high-grade neoplasm, but was later confirmed to be neurosarcoidosis. Incidental solitary neurosarcoid granulomas are difficult to diagnose due to its nonspecific clinical and imaging presentations. Early diagnosis by biopsy in these rare incidental cases remains paramount for adequate treatment.
Granulomatous hypophysitis caused by Rathke's cleft cyst mimicking a growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma
Authors: Hojo Masato , Ishibashi Ryota , Arai Hiroshi , Miyamoto Susumu
Published: December 2014

We report a case of granulomatous hypophysitis caused by Rathke's cleft cyst (RCC) mimicking a growth hormone (GH)-secreting pituitary adenoma. Neuroradiological and endocrinological evaluations showed abnormal findings consistent with acromegaly: Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a pituitary mass lesion, and GH and insulin-like growth factor I levels were markedly elevated, and GH levels were not suppressed in oral glucose tolerance test. Transsphenoidal surgery was performed, but no adenomatous tissue could be detected. Histological examination revealed RCC and concurrent granulomatous giant cell inflammatory reaction of the anterior hypophysis. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first documented case of granulomatous hypophysitis caused by RCC mimicking a GH-secreting pituitary adenoma.
Prognostication in cervical spondylotic myelopathy: Proposal for a new simple practical scoring system
Authors: Ramesh Vengalathur , Kannan Manianandan , Sriram Kuchalmbal , Balasubramanian Chandramouli
Published: December 2014

Context: The ability to preoperatively predict the outcome in cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) helps in planning management and counseling the patient and family. Aims: A simple prognostic scale, namely, the Madras Institute of Neurology Prognostic Scale (MINPS) for CSM has been proposed.
Settings and Design: Six well-known prognostic factors, namely, age, duration of symptoms, neurological disability (Nurick's grade), number of levels of compression, effective canal diameter, and intrinsic cord changes, have been taken into account. Each factor has been divided into three subgroups and allotted a score. The total score in this scale ranges from a maximum of 18 to a minimum of 6. Materials and Methods: This scale has been evaluated in a group of 85 patients operated for CSM.
Statistical Analysis Used: The usefulness of MINPS was statistically assessed using ANOVA test. Results: It has been found that majority of patients with a score of 14 or more improved; those with a score of 9 or less deteriorated; those with a score between 10 and 13 remained static. Conclusions: The MINPS for CSM is a very practical scale which can be applied easily with the available clinical and radiological data, with good accuracy of outcome prediction. This is the first scale of its kind.
Clear-cell meningioma: Intraoperative diagnosis by squash cytology: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Walke Vaishali , Sisodia Shantilal , Bijwe Sanjay , Patil Purwa
Published: December 2014

Clear-cell meningioma (CCM), an unusual subset of meningioma has prominent, clear-cell morphology. It is a wolf in sheep's clothing characterized by benign histologic attributes, but tendency for recurrence (61%) and metastasis. Therefore, WHO has classified it as grade II meningioma. Fine-needle aspiration cytology diagnosis is simple, rapid, cost-effective and reliable procedure primarily aimed at preoperative diagnosis of advanced and metastatic extracranial tumor. Preoperative and/or intraoperative cytodiagnosis of CCM demand expertise in the evaluation of cytology smears. However in case of intra operative evaluation of squash smears there is a time constraint and a very small tissue material obtained by stereotactic biopsy are available for interpretation. Knowledge of clinical features including age, anatomical locations, neuroimaging findings and cytomorphologic features, are prerequisites for arriving at definitive cytodiagnosis. We describe intra operative squash cytology of CCM in a 16-year-old female, located in cerebello-pontine angle. The diagnosis of CCM offered on squash cytology was subsequently confirmed on histopathology and immunohistochemistry. It typically showed pattern less sheets and groups of polyhedral, clear cells with monomorphic, round nuclei having a bland chromatin and inconspicuous nucleoli. Separation of CCM from other tumors having clear -cell morphology and variants of meningioma is important because of its high recurrence rate and mortality.
Primary hydatid cyst of pineal region of brain: A case report from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Bakhsh Ahmed , Siddiqui Khalid Mukarram , Taraif Suad
Published: December 2014

Preoperative diagnosis of cerebral echinococcosis in an unusual location is always difficult. Nonetheless, this possibility should be kept in mind in all cystic lesions of the brain. Although total excision of the cyst without rupture is a time - tested treatment, but in order to prevent recurrence, adjuvant medical treatment should also be started. Albendazole, mebenadazole and praziquental are commonly used drugs. Albendazole is a drug of choice. Its usual dose for adults is 400 mg twice daily. Exact duration of treatment is still uncertain, but it should not be <6 months. This case report shows primary presentation of hydatid cyst in the pineal region which later disseminated intracranially. However complete excision of the cyst at site of recurrence, combined with medical treatment, proved quite successful. Patient was found recurrence free 3 years after surgery. Last but not least, endoscopic third ventriculostomy and biopsy should be performed very carefully in cystic lesions of posterior third ventricular region.
A rare case of dural arteriovenous fistula presenting as primary intraventricular hemorrhage
Authors: Srivastava Trilochan , Sannegowda Raghavendra , Sinha V , Jain R , Jain Rahul , Mathur Tarun
Published: December 2014

Primary intraventricular haemorrhage (PIVH) is rare. Dural arteriovenous fistula causing PIVH is extremely rare. We report a case of a 17 year old boy who presented with left hemiparesis, left lower motor neuron facial palsy and ataxia. His computed tomography head revealed primary intraventricular hemorrhage. Catheter super selective angiography revealed a dural arterio venous fistula with arterial feeder arising from the middle meningeal artery as well as from the inferior marginal tentorial artery. Glue injection led to successful disappearance of the fistula and eventual clinical recovery.
Geven en krijgen rond het tijdschrift De Beweging (1905-1919)
Authors: van den Braber Helleke
Published: December 2014

Patterns of Giving and Receiving: the Case of the Cultural Magazine
De Beweging (1905-1919)

The Dutch poet Albert Verwey was editor of the cultural magazine De Beweging between 1905-1919. This article uses gift theory to investigate the alliances he forged with his publishers, with his readers, and with the writers he worked with, and takes stock of the ways he tried to keep the insolvent magazine financially afloat. Verwey struggled to find a balance between his own agenda and the interests of his associates, and had to tread carefully as he appealed to their clemency and goodwill. Following Aafke Komter, who differentiates between four types of gift relationship, this article demonstrates that Verwey positioned himself predominantly within the modes of what Komter calls community sharing and authority ranking.
Het prozagedicht in Vlaanderen en Nederland als model
Authors: de Strycker Carl , Vandevoorde Hans
Published: December 2014

The Prose Poem in Flanders and the Netherlands as a Model. On Genres and Generations

This article explores the ways in which the genre of the prose poem functioned as a model in Flemish and Dutch literature from the 1890’s to the 1920’s. Focusing on two cases – a prewar and a postwar one –, it is argued that the genre was reinterpreted by new literary generations and, infused with new elements, became a productive model for new texts. A first case study deals with Pol de Mont and Ellen Corr. The former modified the model as he borrowed it from the authors of the Eighties movement, and it subsequently became a productive model for an epigone like Corr. In a second case study, dealing with Herman Heijermans and Constant van Wessem, we show how the genre was modified again in the period following World War I, and was made to incorporate modern elements such as cinematic processes and a businesslike, objective form. Finally, these cases reveal that models go beyond the genre, since their evolution is often based on eye-catching features that are not necessarily essential to the definition of the genre per se.
Green-Banking Practices in Bangladesh-A Scope to Make Banking Green
Authors: Islam Md. Ariful , Hossain Kh. Fahim , Siddiqui Mahmudul Hasan , Yousuf Salahuddin
Published: December 2014

In Bangladesh, it is not blamed to pollute environment compare with other countries. Amount of CO2 emission is also very low comparing with other countries. But we are the victims of this CO2 emission or environmental pollution. So, to survive ourselves we should incorporate this green banking for the sake of our people. As early as possible the banking community should commence its activities. Government should take necessary steps to enforce existing environmental regulations and formulate appropriate rules to ensure ―Pollute Pays Principle‖ in the country. The Central bank of Bangladesh can play a pro-active role in formulating a national level ―Green Credit Policy‖ and creating a sound incentive structure for performing ER practices by banks. Much more is expected from the civil society organizations in the form of awareness development, research activities and business monitoring. ‗Consumer Awareness‘ is the area where Bangladesh needs remarkable change, because green banking is largely driven by consumer behavior and consumption patterns. For rapid change among consumers and business, a collective endeavor of government, media, NGOs, and banks will be required. An isolated effort by banking communities may not bring much. The success of the proposed framework would depend upon the pro-active role of all stakeholders and a sound incentive structure.
Investment in Financial Derivatives Contracts from an Islamic Perspective
Authors: Mohammed Hourani Yesser Abdelkarim Karim , ZARAI Mohammed Ali
Published: December 2014

This research aims at exploring the nature of financial derivatives (FD) and their associated activities, and thus highlight their legitimate rule from an Islamic Perspective. Although there are many kinds of financial derivatives, this research focuses on the discussion of only three basic contracts; namely options, futures and swaps contracts, because they represent financial contracts derived from financially stable instruments such as stocks and bonds. There is no doubt that the great importance of this research lies mainly in determining the nature of these contracts and knowing their legitimate rules. In dealing with this issue, the research employs a descriptive approach which relies on first clarifying the image of each contract and its contemporary concept, second explaining the contract's performance and applications in the field of financial transactions, with reference to illustrative examples, and finally discussing its legitimate rule.The research results in uncovering the legitimate ruling on financial derivatives contracts, summed up mainly in the presence of betrayal and ignorance; leading, therefore, to the prohibition of such contracts.
Why do Small and Medium Enterprises Need to Access Informal Credit? The Case of Vietnam
Authors: Khanh Nguyet Cao Thi
Published: December 2014

For Vietnamese SMEs, the informal credit channel is still the most familiar financing source despite government’s efforts to widen access to formal credit. The present paper attempts to seek out new evidence to determine why SMEs’ access the informal credit market after excluding firms that consider family as the most important informal source out of sample. The empirical results strongly support three following hypotheses: (1) Firms that cannot be satisfied through formal credit market choose to access informal credit; (2) Firms access informal credit, in part, to reduce application cost and to provide immediate access to credit to seize investment chances; (3) Good business environment enables SMEs to decrease their reliance on informal credit. Moreover, we found that small firms, and firms located in rural areas were more likely to use informal credit than others. Furthermore, a higher age of owner and a good business performance both help firms decrease their reliance on informal credit.
An Empirical Comparison of the Corporate Financing Behavior: The Case Study of the Major US and Japanese Firms in the Electrical-related Industries
Authors: Tsuji Chikashi
Published: December 2014

This paper explores the corporate financing behavior of four large electrical-related industry firms in the US and Japan. The interesting findings from our case study are as follows. (1) First, as for Apple Inc. (Apple), our results can be interpreted that the firm raises funds by equity when its market value is high. Further, our empirical results also show that the Apple is considered to finance the funds for R&D and tangible assets mainly by debt rather than equity. (2) Second, regarding International Business Machines Corporation (IBM), the firm is considered to finance the funds for R&D mainly by equity rather than debt; however, the debt ratio of this firm is generally high. (3) Third, as for Panasonic Corporation (Panasonic), the firm is considered to finance the funds for property, plant, and equipment mainly by debt rather than equity, and the rapid increase of its debt ratio is seen in the recent period. (4) Finally, as to Sony Corporation (Sony), the company is considered to finance the funds for property, plant, and equipment and R&D expenses mainly by equity rather than debt whilst its debt ratio is also generally high.
EFICÁCIA DE NÚCLEO HOMEOPÁTICO NA PREVENÇÃO DA INFESTAÇÃO POR Dermatobia hominis E Haematobia irritans EM BOVINOS
Authors: PINTO S.B. , VALENTIM-ZABOTT M. , ROCHADELLI R. , VENDRUSCOLO E.C.G. , FERNANDES N.L. , FREITAG A.C. , MONTANUCCI C. , LESSKIU P.E. , SPESSATTO D.D.
Published: December 2014

O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido na UFPR - Campus Palotina - Paraná e em uma propriedade rural do município de Mundo Novo - Mato Grosso do Sul, durante o período de maio de 2002 a abril de 2003. O experimento foi delineado com os objetivos de avaliar: a) a eficácia do núcleo homeopático (nosódicos CH12, sacarose e Bixa orelhana) na prevenção da infestação natural por larvas de D. hominis e H. irritans em bovinos de corte e b) a dinâmica populacional de D. homins e H. irritans ao longo do ano. Para sua realização foram utilizados 24 vacas, de aproximadamente 15 meses de idade, distribuídas em dois grupos de 12 animais, com pesos médios semelhantes. Os animais do grupo A foram tratados com núcleo homeopático adicionado à suplementação mineral na proporção de 400 g de núcleo adicionado em 25 Kg da mesma. Os animais do grupo B receberam suplementação mineral (sem adição de núcleo homeopático). Foram contadas um total de 451 larvas de D. hominis. A análise de variância demonstrou diferença estatística significativa (p
QUALIDADE DA CARNE SUÍNA APÓS DOIS TEMPOS DE DESCANSO NO FRIGORÍFICO
Authors: KÖHLER R.G. , FREITAS R.J.S.
Published: December 2014

Existem vários fatores estressantes que podem afetar a qualidade da carne e também há falta de informação sobre a quantidade de horas mínimas e máximas ideais de descanso no frigorífico para a reposição do esgotamento físico dos animais após o transporte. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o efeito da redução do tempo de permanência na pocilga do frigorífico sobre a qualidade da carne suína, avaliando-se as seguintes características: pH; capacidade de retenção de água (WHC). A redução de descanso de 9 horas para 3 horas de descanso no frigorífico não alteraram de modo significativo a qualidade da carne suína nas variáveis pH 45 minutos, pH 24 horas pós abate e na capacidade de retenção de água (WHC) pelos métodos Drip Loss e papel de filtro prensado de GRAU e HAMM, mas com a redução do tempo de descanso no frigorífico, pôdese obter outros ganhos (redução do estresse, escoriações de pele, hematomas, fraturas e outros) e em qualidade da carne. Pork meat quality after two times of lairage in slaugther Abstract There are several stressing factors that can affect the meat quality, and also a lack of information on the minimum and maximum ideal lairage time in the slaugther for the replacement of animal physical exhaustion after transportation. The reduction of 9 to 3 hours of lairage in the preslaugther did not significantly alter the pork meat quality in the variables pH 45 min, pH 24 h postslaugther, water-holding capacity (WHC) for the methods Drip Loss and filter paper press of GRAU & HAMM. However, with the reduction lairage time in the slaugther, other gains could be obtained (reduction of stress, skin excoriations, hematomas, fractures and others) as well as increase in meat quality.
AVALIAÇÃO DO EFEITO DE PREBIÓTICOS (MOS), PROBIÓTICOS (Bacillus licheniformis e Bacillus subtilis) E PROMOTOR DE CRESCIMENTO NA ALIMENTAÇÃO DE FRANGOS DE CORTE
Authors: FLEMMING J.S. , FREITAS R.J.S.
Published: December 2014

Um experimento com 2400 aves foi realizado para comparar o efeito do uso de probiótico (Bacillus licheniformis e Bacillus subtilis), probiótico mais mananoligossacarídeos (MOS), promotor de crescimento (avilamicina) e uma dieta controle sem aditivos. As dietas básicas eram constituídas por milho e farelo de soja. Foi utilizado um delineamento inteiramente casualizado e os dados obtidos avaliados pela análise da variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey ao nível de 5%. Os parâmetros analisados foram ganho de peso, consumo de ração, conversão alimentar e mortalidade. Concluiu-se que na primeira semana o probiótico e o MOS apresentaram um ganho de peso significativamente melhor que os demais grupos. A conversão alimentar do probiótico na primeira semana foi melhor do que a do promotor de crescimento (p