bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stability Control of the Agricultural Tractor-Trailer System in Saline Alkali Land: A Collaborative Trajectory Planning Approach
Authors: Lei Guannan , Zhou Shilong , Zhang Penghui , Xie Fei , Gao Zihang , Shuang Li , Xue Yanyun , Fan Enjie , Xin Zhenbo
Published: January 2025

The design and industrial innovation of intelligent agricultural machinery and equipment for saline alkali land are important means for comprehensive management and capacity improvement of saline alkali land. The autonomous and unmanned agricultural tractor is the inevitable trend of the development of intelligent machinery and equipment in saline alkali land. As an underactuated system with non-holonomic constraints, the independent trajectory planning and lateral stability control of the tractor-trailer system (TTS) face challenges in saline alkali land. In this study, based on the nonlinear underactuation characteristics of the TTS and the law of passive trailer steering, a dual-trajectory collaborative control model was designed. By solving the TTS kinematic/dynamic state space, a nonlinear leading system that can generate the reference pose of a tractor-trailer was constructed. Based on the intrinsic property of the lateral deviation of the TTS, a collaborative trajectory prediction algorithm that satisfies the time domain and system constraints is proposed. Combining the dual-trajectory independent offset and lateral stability parameter of the TTS, an energy function optimization control parameter was constructed to balance the system trajectory tracking performance and lateral control stability. The experimental results showed good agreement between the predicted trailer trajectory and the collaborative control trajectory, with an average lateral error not exceeding 0.1 m and an average course angle error not exceeding 0.054 rad. This ensures that the dynamic controller designed around the tractor-trailer underactuation system can guarantee the smoothness of the trailer trajectory and the controlling stability of the tractor in saline alkali land.
Behavioral Signature of Equine Gastric Discomfort? Preliminary Retrospective Clinical Observations
Authors: Torcivia Catherine , McDonnell Sue M.
Published: January 2025

Gastric ulcer disease and other potentially painful gastric conditions are among the most common afflictions adversely affecting the welfare of domestic equids. A large percentage of affected animals may not display the classic signs of gastric disease, such as unexplained weight loss, poor hair coat, and inappetence until the disease becomes severe. As a clinical service within our equine referral hospital, we routinely evaluate 24-h video recorded samples of horses to assist clinicians in identifying subtle discomfort and potential sources or to scan for infrequent neurologic or cardiac-related behavioral events. Empirically, we have recognized discomfort behaviors that appear to be uniquely associated with gastric disease. These include frequent attention to the cranial abdomen (nuzzling, swatting, nipping, and/or caudal gaze focused on the abdomen caudal to the elbow) and/or deep abdominal stretching, often within the context of eating, drinking, and/or anticipating feeding. To systematically evaluate the reliability of these purported gastric discomfort behaviors, we reviewed 30 recent 24-h video behavior evaluation cases for which (1) the clinical video behavior evaluation had been carried out without knowledge of the history and presenting complaint and (2) direct gastric examination had confirmed gastric disease status at the time. Twenty-four of the thirty cases showed gastric discomfort behavior, and all twenty-four had either gastric ulcers (n = 21) and/or gastric impaction (n = 3). Of the six cases not showing gastric discomfort behaviors, four were free of gastric disease, while two had mild lesions. Comparing horses with and without gastric disease, gastric discomfort behaviors were reported in 24 of the 26 (92%) with gastric ulcers or gastric impaction, compared to none of the four gastric disease-free horses. Although a larger prospectively designed study is needed to confidently estimate the sensitivity and specificity or the associations of behavior with the type or severity of gastric disease, these results confirm our long-held clinical impression of a behavioral signature for gastric discomfort in the horse.
Unusual Findings of Human-Associated Four-Nucleated Entamoeba Species in Captive Wild Animals
Authors: Esteban-Sánchez Lorena , García-Rodríguez Juan José , Ponce-Gordo Francisco
Published: January 2025

Several species of amoebae in the genus Entamoeba forming four-nucleated mature cysts are pathogenic, but their identification is challenging due to a lack of distinctive morphological traits. Furthermore, host species cannot reliably be used as a criterion for identification. In this study, several isolates of four-nucleated cyst-forming Entamoeba species from animals at the Zoo Aquarium of Madrid are genetically identified. Entamoeba cysts were identified through microscopic analysis of faecal samples; none of the animals exhibited symptoms. DNA was extracted, and a fragment of the SSU-rRNA gene was PCR-amplified and sequenced to identify the species. Entamoeba dispar was identified in mantled guerezas (Colobus guereza), lar gibbons (Hylobates lar), greater rheas (Rhea americana) and giant anteaters (Myrmecophaga tridactyla). Entamoeba hartmnanni was detected in mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Entamoeba nuttalli was detected in mandrills; the analysis of sequences available in GenBank revealed that this species has also been detected in human samples. The identification of the Entamoeba species across diverse host species underscores the need for genetic confirmation to prevent misidentifications. These findings expand the known host range of these species and emphasize the importance of regular monitoring to minimize transmission risks, including potential cross-species transmission to/from humans.
Changes in Serum Proteins in Cats with Obesity: A Proteomic Approach
Authors: Cañadas-Vidal Esmeralda , Muñoz-Prieto Alberto , Rešetar Maslov Dina , Rubić Ivana , González-Sánchez Juan C. , Garcia-Martinez Juan D. , Ceron José J. , Mrljak Vladimir , Pardo-Marin Luis , Martinez-Subiela Silvia , Tvarijonaviciute Asta
Published: January 2025

Obesity is defined as the excessive accumulation of adipose tissue and is currently the most common disease in cats. Similarly to humans, obesity negatively impacts the health and welfare of cats, predisposing them to many other disorders. The objective of this study was to compare the serum proteomes of normal-weight and overweight/obese cats, aiming to gain insights into the physiopathology of feline obesity and potentially identify new biomarkers. For this, serum samples from a total of 20 adult neutered domestic shorthair client-owned cats, ten normal weight and ten overweight/obese, were submitted to tandem mass tags labelling and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. A total of 288 proteins were detected in the serum samples. Out of these, 12 proteins showed statistically significant differences in abundance between control cats and cats with obesity, namely Ig-like domain-containing protein, Alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein, Complement C8 gamma chain, An-tithrombin-III, Serpin family A member 1, Complement factor H, C3-beta-c, Albumin, C4b-binding protein alpha chain, Alpha-1-B glycoprotein, Solute carrier family 12 member 4, and Fibronectin. Overall this report identifies new proteins involved and provides additional knowledge about the physiopathological changes related to feline obesity.
Generation of Codon-Optimized Fad3 Gene Transgenic Bovine That Produce More n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids
Authors: Su Guanghua , Wei Zhuying , Bai Chunling , Li Danyi , Zhao Xiaoyu , Liu Xuefei , Song Lishuang , Zhang Li , Li Guangpeng , Yang Lei
Published: January 2025

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as linoleic acid (18:2, n-6) and α-linolenic acid (18:3, n-3) are essential for the growth, development, and well-being of mammals. However, most mammals, including humans, cannot synthesize n-3 and n-6 PUFAs and these must be obtained through diet. The beneficial effect of converting n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFAs) into n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) has led to extensive research on the flax fatty acid desaturase 3 (Fad3) gene, which encodes fatty acid desaturase. Still, the plant-derived Fad3 gene is used much less in transgenic animals than the Fat-1 gene from Caenorhabditis elegans. To address this problem, we used somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technology to create codon-optimized Fad3 transgenic cattle. Gas chromatographic analysis showed that the n-3 PUFA content of transgenic cattle increased significantly, and the ratio of n-6 PUFAs to n-3 PUFAs decreased from 3.484 ± 0.46 to about 2.78 ± 0.14 (p < 0.05). In conclusion, Fad3 gene knock-in cattle are expected to improve the nutritional value of beef and can be used as an animal model to study the therapeutic effects of n-3 PUFAs in various diseases.
Antimicrobial Efficacy of Five Wound Irrigation Solutions in the Periprosthetic Joint Infection Microenvironment In Vitro and Ex Vivo
Authors: Honegger Anja L. , Schweizer Tiziano A. , Achermann Yvonne , Bosshard Philipp P.
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Periprosthetic joint infections (PJI) are difficult to treat due to biofilm formation on implant surfaces and the surrounding tissue, often requiring removal or exchange of prostheses along with long-lasting antibiotic treatment. Antiseptic irrigation during revision surgery might decrease bacterial biofilm load and thereby improve treatment success. This in vitro study investigated and compared the effect of five advanced wound irrigation solutions to reduce bacterial burden in the PJI microenvironment. Methods: We treated in vitro biofilms grown on titanium alloy implant discs with clinical bacterial strains isolated from patients with PJIs, as well as abscess communities in a plasma-supplemented collagen matrix. The biofilms were exposed for 1 min to the following wound irrigation solutions: Preventia®, Prontosan®, Granudacyn®, ActiMaris® forte (‘Actimaris’), and Octenilin®. We measured the bacterial reduction of these irrigation solutions compared to Ringer–Lactate and to the strong bactericidal but not approved Betaseptic solution. Additionally, ex vivo free-floating bacteria isolated directly from clinical sonication fluids were treated in the same way, and regrowth or lack of regrowth was recorded as the outcome. Results: Irrigation solutions demonstrated variable efficacy. The mean CFU log10 reduction was as follows: Octenilin, 3.07, Preventia, 1.17, Actimaris, 1.11, Prontosan, 1.03, and Granudacyn, 0.61. For SACs, the reduction was: Actimaris, 8.27, Octenilin, 0.58, Prontosan, 0.56, Preventia, 0.35, and Granudacyn, 0.24. Conclusions: All solutions achieved complete bacterial eradication in all tested ex vivo sonication fluids, except Granudacyn, which was ineffective in 33% of the samples (2 out of 6). Advanced wound irrigation solutions have the potential to reduce bacterial burden in the PJI microenvironment during revision surgery. However, their efficacy varies depending on bacterial species, growth state, and the composition of the irrigation solution. This underscores the importance of considering these factors when developing future PJI-specific irrigation solutions.
Interference of Celastrol with Cell Wall Synthesis and Biofilm Formation in Staphylococcus epidermidis
Authors: de León Guerra Leandro , Padilla Montaño Nayely , Moujir Laila
Published: January 2025

Background: The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, including Staphylococcus epidermidis, underscores the need for novel antimicrobial agents. Celastrol, a natural compound derived from the plants of the Celastraceae family, has demonstrated promising antibacterial and antibiofilm properties against various pathogens. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the antibacterial effects, mechanism of action, and antibiofilm activity of celastrol against S. epidermidis, an emerging opportunistic pathogen. Methods: To investigate the mechanism of action of celastrol, its antibacterial activity was evaluated by determining the time–kill curves, assessing macromolecular synthesis, and analysing its impact on the stability and functionality of the bacterial cell membrane. Additionally, its effect on biofilm formation and disruption was examined. Results: Celastrol exhibited significant antibacterial activity with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.31 μg/mL and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 15 μg/mL, which is superior to conventional antibiotics used as control. Time–kill assays revealed a concentration-dependent bactericidal effect, with a shift from bacteriostatic activity at lower concentrations to bactericidal and lytic effect at higher concentrations. Celastrol inhibited cell wall biosynthesis by blocking the incorporation of N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) into peptidoglycan. In contrast, the cytoplasmic membrane was only affected at higher concentrations of the compound or after prolonged exposure times. Additionally, celastrol was able to disrupt biofilm formation at concentrations of 0.9 μg/mL and to eradicate pre-formed biofilms at 7.5 μg/mL in S. epidermidis. Conclusions: Celastrol exhibits significant antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against S. epidermidis, with a primary action on cell wall synthesis. Its efficacy in disrupting the formation of biofilms and pre-formed biofilms suggests its potential as a therapeutic agent for infections caused by biofilm-forming S. epidermidis resistant to conventional treatments.
Genetic Determinants and Biofilm Properties Useful in Estimation of UTI Pathogenicity of the Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Free-Living Birds
Authors: Rybak Bartosz , Jarzembowski Tomasz , Daca Agnieszka , Krawczyk Beata , Piechowicz Lidia
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: According to the One Health concept, wild birds can be indicators of ecosystem pollution and disease incidence. Escherichia coli strains are widespread worldwide, but there are still few reports on the association of human infections with a potential reservoir of highly pathogenic human strains in wild birds. Fecal E. coli with uropathogenic potential (UPEC) can be transmitted between birds and humans and may be a risk factor for urinary tract infections (UTIs). Results: The results showed that above 50% of the isolates were grouped as highly pathogenic, according to Clermont phylogroup classification. Such strains were found to be stronger biofilm producers, with a higher adherence of monocytes than low pathogenic. However, the highest cytotoxicity was observed for strains described as aquatic environmental. Convergence of the results of the analysis of monocyte activation by E. coli strains and the ability to form biofilm by individual phylogroups of the strains tested was demonstrated. Genetic determinants of the uropathogenicity of E. coli (UPEC) correlate with the evidence of strain pathogenicity during monocyte activation in in vitro assays. Methods: In this study, we assessed the virulence potential of environmental strains isolated from wild waterfowl using genetic analysis (Clermont phylogroup classification) and phenotypic methods, including analysis of the human monocyte response to biofilm formation. The estimation of the ability to form biofilms was tested using crystal violet, and the pathogenic potential of strains by monocyte activation assay including changes in morphology, adhesion and cytotoxicity. Conclusions: In conclusion, the virulence of E. coli strains isolated from free-living birds is significant, and they can be considered environmental reservoirs of pathogenic strains. According to our observations, they can be responsible for the dissemination of uropathogenic strains among humans.
Supplementation with Standardized Green/Black or White Tea Extracts Attenuates Hypertension and Ischemia-Reperfusion-Induced Myocardial Damage in Mice Infused with Angiotensin II
Authors: de la Fuente-Muñoz Mario , Román-Carmena Marta , Amor Sara , Iglesias-de la Cruz María C. , Martorell Patricia , Guilera-Bermell Sonia , García Bou Reme , Inarejos-García Antonio M. , García-Villalón Ángel L. , Granado Miriam
Published: January 2025

Arterial hypertension has a high prevalence in the population and is considered both a cardiovascular disease and an important risk factor for the development of other cardiovascular diseases. Tea consumption shows antihypertensive effects due to its composition in terms of bioactive substances such as flavan-3-ols and xanthines. The aim of this study was to assess the possible beneficial effects of two tea extracts, one of white tea (ADM® White Tea; WTE) and another one composed of a mixture of black tea and green tea (ADM® Tea Complex; CTE), on the cardiovascular alterations induced by angiotensin II (AngII) infusion in mice. For this purpose, four groups of C57BL/6J male mice were used: (1) mice fed on a standard diet for 8 weeks and infused with saline for the last 4 weeks (controls); (2) mice fed on a standard diet for 8 weeks and infused with AngII for the last 4 weeks (AngII); (3) mice fed on a standard diet supplemented with 1.6% WTE and infused with AngII for the last 4 weeks (AngII + WTE); (4) mice fed on a standard diet supplemented with 1.6% TC and infused with AngII for the last 4 weeks (AngII + CTE). Both tea extracts exerted anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in arterial tissue and reduced AngII-induced endothelial dysfunction in aorta segments. Moreover, supplementation with WTE or CTE reduced the Ang-II-induced overexpression of AT1R and increased AngII-induced downregulation of AT2R in arterial tissue. However, only supplementation with CTE significantly increased the circulating levels of angiotensin 1-7 and reduced systolic blood pressure. In the heart, supplementation with both tea extracts attenuated AngII-induced cardiac hypertrophy and reduced ischemia-reperfusion-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in myocardial tissue. In conclusion, supplementation with WTE or CTE attenuates AngII-induced cardiovascular damage through their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic effects. In addition, supplementation with CTE also exerts antihypertensive effects, and so it may constitute an avenue through which to support cardiovascular health.
Research Advancements in the Mechanical Performance and Functional Properties of Nanocomposites Reinforced with Surface-Modified Carbon Nanotubes: A Review
Authors: Nitodas Stefanos (Steve) , Shah Raj , Das Mrinaleni
Published: January 2025

This review summarizes the recent advancements in the mechanical properties of nanocomposites reinforced with surface-modified carbon nanotubes (CNTs). A range of matrices, namely, polymers, metals, and cement, is investigated, which have demonstrated increasing importance in a broad range of industrial sectors, such as 3D printing, automotive, construction, and coatings. The strengthening mechanisms that CNTs impart in composites are reviewed, and synergistic effects with their surface groups or co-additives are analyzed, including wettability, mechanical interlocking, and chemical bonding. Different mechanical and functional properties of the CNT-reinforced nanocomposites are analyzed, such as tensile strength, flexural strength, impact resistance, thermal conductivity, and electrical conductivity. The improvements in these properties for a variety of CNT-based composites are presented, and details on how these improvements were attained are discussed. The review concludes that surface modification of CNTs has proven to be of high importance, enhancing compatibility with various matrices and facilitating improvements in the nanocomposite properties. Suggestions for viable CNT-based composites for use in the studied applications are also provided.
Optimizing Sustainability in Bridge Projects: A Framework Integrating Risk Analysis and BIM with LCSA According to ISO Standards
Authors: Ahmad Dema Munef , Gáspár László , Maya Rana Ahmad
Published: January 2025

Building bridges sustainably is essential for advancing infrastructure development and ensuring long-term environmental, social, and economic viability. This study presents a framework that integrates risk management strategies and Building Information Modeling (BIM) with Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment (LCSA) standards to enhance bridge project sustainability. Through a targeted survey, the study evaluates risks across bridge lifecycle phases, identifying the main processes that significantly impact sustainability. Using the Pareto Principle, the framework prioritizes these processes and associated risks, guiding the creation of targeted improvement guidelines aligned with ISO 9001:2015, BIM, and LCSA standards, which support high quality and efficiency. The results reveal that 38 of 55 identified risks account for 80% of the lifecycle impact, and they include the majority of those derived from international standards, underscoring their significance in sustainability efforts. Additionally, 36 of 47 main processes are subject to 80% of the impact from these vital risks, highlighting phases like Construction and Supervision as priority areas for intervention. By linking specific risks to each process within these phases, the study outlines essential guidelines and strategic measures, ensuring a focused approach to sustainable bridge development that aligns with international standards and maximizes lifecycle sustainability outcomes.
Assessing the Spatial Efficiency of Xi’an Rail Transit Station Areas Using a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) Model
Authors: Tong Haiyan , Hou Quanhua , Dong Xiao , Duan Yaqiong , Gao Weiming , Lei Kexin
Published: January 2025

To effectively and objectively evaluate the spatial efficiency of rail transit station areas, seventeen typical rail station areas in Xi’an were selected as the research object. An evaluation system for spatial efficiency was constructed based on data from field research, satellite images, Baidu heat maps, and station passenger flow statistics. Key factors such as land use, transportation systems, social aspects, and spatial efficiency are considered in the framework. A data envelopment analysis (DEA) method was used to evaluate the spatial efficiency of these sample station areas. The results are as follows. ① An incomplete symmetric relationship exists between the Constant Returns to Scale Technical Efficiency (Crste) and the Variable Returns to Scale Technical Efficiency (Vrste) of station area spatial efficiency. The keys to improving station area spatial efficiency include reducing redundant resource investments and establishing a rational resource allocation structure. ② For high-efficiency station areas, the Crste and Vrste are relatively high, with an overall increasing return to scale efficiency (Scale). In medium-efficiency station areas, the Crste is relatively high, but either Vrste or Scale is low. In low-efficiency station areas, the Crste is moderate, and both Vrste and Scale are low. The findings provide a reference for the intensive use of land around Xi’an rail stations, as well as support for the sustainable operation of rail transit.
Development of Automated Image Processing for High-Throughput Screening of Potential Anti-Chikungunya Virus Compounds
Authors: Wiriwithya Pathaphon , Boonyasuppayakorn Siwaporn , Sawetpiyakul Pattadon , Peypala Duangpron , Phanomchoeng Gridsada
Published: January 2025

Chikungunya virus, a member of the Alphavirus genus, continues to present a global health challenge due to its widespread occurrence and the absence of specific antiviral therapies. Accurate detection of viral infections, such as chikungunya, is critical for antiviral research, yet traditional methods are time-consuming and prone to error. This study presents the development and validation of an automated image processing algorithm designed to improve the accuracy and speed of high-throughput screening for potential anti-chikungunya virus compounds. Using MvTec Halcon software (Version 22.11), the algorithm was developed to detect and classify infected and uninfected cells in viral assays, and its performance was validated against manual counts conducted by virology experts, showing a strong correlation with Pearson correlation coefficients of 0.9807 for cell detection and 0.9886 for virus detection. These values indicate a high correlation between the algorithm and manual counts performed by three virology experts, demonstrating that the algorithm’s accuracy closely matches expert manual evaluations. Following statistical validation, the algorithm was applied to screen antiviral compounds, demonstrating its effectiveness in enhancing the throughput and accuracy of drug discovery workflows. This technology can be seamlessly integrated into existing virological research pipelines, offering a scalable and efficient tool to accelerate drug discovery and improve diagnostic workflows for vector-borne and emerging viral diseases. By addressing critical bottlenecks in speed and accuracy, it holds promise for tackling global virology challenges and advancing research into other viral infections.
Experimental Evaluation of Precise Placement with Pushing Primitive Based on Cartesian Force Control
Authors: Park Jinseong , Kim Jeong-Jung , Koh Doo-Yeol
Published: January 2025

In-hand manipulation with Cartesian-force-control-based pushing primitives is introduced to achieve the precise placement of an object in a desired position at a manufacturing site. In the bin picking process, achieving the desired grasping posture is challenging due to limitations in the sensing and control of the robotic arm, interference from clustered objects, and unintended collisions, which hinder achieving the planned pose. Even under such conditions, in cases that require precise operations, such as manufacturing processes, maintaining a desired placement posture is crucial for the precise placement of objects into the machine slot. In this paper, a pushing primitive incorporating force feedback control is applied to ensure that the gripper is consistently positioned at the edge of the grasped object regardless of the initial grasping position by utilizing the surrounding environment of the processing machine. Modeling the exact contact friction between the gripper and the grasped object is challenging; therefore, instead of relying on a motion planning approach, we addressed the problem using a control method that leverages feedback from the external force information of the robot manipulator. Additional sensors such as external cameras or tactile sensors in the gripper are not required. The pushing primitive is executed by applying a force greater than the frictional force between the gripper and the grasped object, leveraging the surrounding environment. Experimental verification confirmed that the proposed method achieves precise placement into the machine slot, regardless of initial grasping positions. It also proved to be effective on an actual testbed.
A Review of Brain–Computer Interface-Based Language Decoding: From Signal Interpretation to Intelligent Communication
Authors: Qiu Yingyi , Liu Han , Zhao Mengyuan
Published: January 2025

Brain–computer interface (BCI) technologies for language decoding have emerged as a transformative bridge between neuroscience and artificial intelligence (AI), enabling direct neural–computational communication. The current literature provides detailed insights into individual components of BCI systems, from neural encoding mechanisms to language decoding paradigms and clinical applications. However, a comprehensive perspective that captures the parallel evolution of cognitive understanding and technological advancement in BCI-based language decoding remains notably absent. Here, we propose the Interpretation–Communication–Interaction (ICI) architecture, a novel three-stage perspective that provides an analytical lens for examining BCI-based language decoding development. Our analysis reveals the field’s evolution from basic signal interpretation through dynamic communication to intelligent interaction, marked by three key transitions: from single-channel to multimodal processing, from traditional pattern recognition to deep learning architectures, and from generic systems to personalized platforms. This review establishes that BCI-based language decoding has achieved substantial improvements in regard to system accuracy, latency reduction, stability, and user adaptability. The proposed ICI architecture bridges the gap between cognitive neuroscience and computational methodologies, providing a unified perspective for understanding BCI evolution. These insights offer valuable guidance for future innovations in regard to neural language decoding technologies and their practical application in clinical and assistive contexts.
A Capacity-Utilization-Oriented Stop Planning Approach for High-Speed Railway Network with Stop Distribution Balance
Authors: Zhao Shuo , Shan Xinghua , Wu Jinfei , Zhang Litao , Li Zhenyi , Liu Xuying
Published: January 2025

Stop planning is aimed to provide proper services for passenger demand, but diverse stop patterns lead to differences in stop density and travel speeds, impacting the utilization of line capacity. This paper incorporates capacity utilization into stop planning in the strategic line planning stage to trade off the matching between supply and demand and the stop distribution balance among trains. A bi-level programming model is established to formulate the Stackelberg game relation between supply and demand, where the stop distribution imbalance and the passenger travel inefficiency are measured. An adaptive hybrid solving algorithm combined with Genetic Algorithm and Simulated Annealing Algorithm is proposed, with several adaptive operations according to the problem characteristics and optimization degree to improve searching efficiency. A case study on the local network of Beijing–Shanghai High-speed Railway Line demonstrates that the proposed approach can not only mitigate the stop distribution imbalance, but also improve the travel efficiency of passengers, indicating that it can benefit the simultaneous improvement of capacity utilization and service level.
Cheating Detection in Online Exams Using Deep Learning and Machine Learning
Authors: Erdem Bahaddin , Karabatak Murat
Published: January 2025

This study aims to identify the best deep learning and machine learning models to identify the unethical behavior patterns of learners using distance education exam data of an educational institution. One hundred twenty-nine online exam data were analyzed by the researcher with three different scenarios to reveal the best model performance in regression and classification. For regression and classification, deep neural network (DNN) from deep learning algorithms and support vector machine (SVM), decision trees (DTs), k-nearest neighbor (KNN), random forest (RF), logistic regression (LR), and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) algorithms from machine learning algorithms were used. In the regression analysis conducted within the scope of Scenario-1, the model we proposed to detect “cheating” behavior, which is one of the unethical learner behaviors, was found to be a 5-layer DNN model with a test performance success of 80.9%. In the binary classification analysis for Scenario-2, students who “copied” from unethical behaviors were obtained with an accuracy rate of 96.9% by the model established by the 10-layer DNN algorithm we proposed. In the triple classification analysis for Scenario-3 defined in the study, the XGBoost model was found to have the highest accuracy rate of 97.7% for students who “cheated” due to unethical behaviors and the highest performance in all other metric values. In addition, SHAP and LIME methods, which are explanatory methods for the XGBoost model, which is one of the best-performing models, were applied, and the attributes and percentages affecting the model were shared. As a result of this study, it has been shown that the application of the most appropriate layer functions and parameter selection that will increase performance can be effective in estimating complex problems and target values that cannot be solved using classical mathematical models. The proposed models can provide educational institutions with a roadmap and insight in evaluating online examination practices and ensuring academic integrity. Future researchers may need more data sets and different analyses for better performance of the established models.
A Dynamic Framework for Community-Facility Siting with Inter-Community Competition
Authors: Zhu Sisi , Han Haoying , Dai Anran
Published: January 2025

Locating community facilities is a long-term, daunting task for governments, requiring ongoing budget or policy updates for gradual improvement. This study proposes a bi-objective multi-scenario dynamic model (BOMSDM) for community-facility siting, which aims to maximize service efficiency and social equity while considering variable facility numbers and inter-community competition. This study also provides a framework to demonstrate how the newly proposed model operates. This framework includes the BOMSDM itself, the data collection and processing method, and the constrained NSGA-II as the computational algorithm. Under this framework, the BOMSDM, along with three comparative frameworks derived from traditional models—including a random allocation non-incremental model, a random allocation incremental model, and an average allocation non-incremental model—was applied to a real-world scenario in Shaoxing. The results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of BOMSDM: it significantly outperforms the realistic solution in terms of service efficiency, fairness, and community allocation rate. Compared to alternative frameworks, BOMSDM sacrifices some objective values in scenarios without facility redundancy to ensure higher community coverage while exhibiting rapid improvement in objective values when redundancy is present, highlighting the framework’s flexibility. This framework provides government decision-makers with an effective tool for community-facility site selection.
Green Spare Parts Evaluation for Hybrid Warehousing and On-Demand Manufacturing
Authors: El-Thalji Idriss
Published: January 2025

Additive manufacturing and digital warehouses are transforming the way industries manage and maintain their spare parts inventory. Considering digital warehouses and on-demand manufacturing for spare parts during the project phase is a strategic decision that involves trade-offs depending on the operational needs and pricing structure. This paper aims to explore the spare part evaluation process considering both physical and digital warehouse inventories. A case asset is purposefully selected and four spare part management concepts are studied using a simulation modeling approach. The results highlight that the relevant digital warehouse scenario, used in this case, managed to completely reduce all emissions related to global spare parts supply; however, this was at the expense of reducing availability by 15.1%. However, the hybrid warehouse scenario managed to increase availability by 11.5% while completely reducing all emissions related to global spare parts supply. Depending on the demand rate, the digital warehousing may not be sufficient alone to keep the production availability at the highest levels; however, it is effective in reducing the stock amount, simplifying the inventory management, and making the supply process more green and resilient. A generic estimation model for spare parts engineers is provided to determine the optimal specifications of their spare parts supply and inventory while considering digital warehouses and on-demand manufacturing.
Improving Air Quality and Childhood Respiratory Health in Mongolia: The Impact of the Raw Coal Ban and COVID-19 Restrictions—An Interrupted Time-Series Analysis
Authors: Dickinson-Craig Emma , Turbat Terkhen , Hemming Karla , Pope Francis D. , Bartington Suzanne E. , Anjaa Suvdaa , Davaa Sumiya , Day Rosie , Boldbaatar Damdindorj , Ochir Chimedsuren , Warburton David , Thomas Graham Neil , Badarch Jargalsaikhan , Manaseki-Holland Semira
Published: January 2025

Background: In May 2019, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia introduced a city-wide raw coal ban (RCB) to improve ambient air quality. Air pollution exposure particularly affects child health and is associated with acute respiratory disease. We assessed the effects of the RCB on air quality and child respiratory health. Methods: An interrupted time-series analysis was conducted on air quality (PM2.5, PM10, SO2, CO) and child (<5 y) severe acute respiratory disease, adjusting for coinciding co-events (COVID-19) where necessary. The subgroup analysis focussed on peak pollution months (November–February). Results: PM10 significantly decreased by −34.3 µg/m3 (95% CI −62.9, −5.8, p = 0.02) and PM2.5 by −17.1 µg/m3 (95% CI −26.3, −7.9, p < 0.01), immediately post-intervention. The subgroup analysis showed SO2 increased by 81.6 µg/m3 (95% CI 45.2, 117.9, p < 0.01) in the first month and by 4.9 µg/m3 (95% CI 2.6, 7.3, p < 0.01) monthly afterwards. CO increased by 56.1 µg/m3 (95% CI 13.5, 98.7, p = 0.01). Child respiratory health showed no significant change after adjusting for the COVID-19 effect. Discussion: The RCB successfully reduced key pollutants (PM), almost instantly. Long-term increases in SO2 and CO and limited health effects highlight the need for further air quality improvements. Outputs from Mongolia’s continuous air quality mitigation efforts provide useful insights for countries facing similar challenges.
CCI: A Consensus Clustering-Based Imputation Method for Addressing Dropout Events in scRNA-Seq Data
Authors: Juan Wanlin , Ahn Kwang Woo , Chen Yi-Guang , Lin Chien-Wei
Published: January 2025

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is a cutting-edge technique in molecular biology and genomics, revealing the cellular heterogeneity. However, scRNA-seq data often suffer from dropout events, meaning that certain genes exhibit very low or even zero expression levels due to technical limitations. Existing imputation methods for dropout events lack comprehensive evaluations in downstream analyses and do not demonstrate robustness across various scenarios. In response to this challenge, we propose a consensus clustering-based imputation (CCI) method. CCI performs clustering on each subset of data sampling across genes and summarizes clustering outcomes to define cellular similarities. CCI leverages the information from similar cells and employs the similarities to impute gene expression levels. Our comprehensive evaluations demonstrate that CCI not only reconstructs the original data pattern, but also improves the performance of downstream analyses. CCI outperforms existing methods for data imputation under different scenarios, exhibiting accuracy, robustness, and generalization.
Apelinergic System Affects Electrocardiographic Abnormalities Induced by Doxorubicin
Authors: Buczma Kasper , Borzuta Hubert , Kamińska Katarzyna , Sztechman Dorota , Matusik Katarzyna , Pawlonka Jan , Kowara Michał , Buchalska Barbara , Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska Agnieszka
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Anthracyclines remain a pivotal element of numerous tumor management regimens; however, their utilization is associated with a range of adverse effects, the most significant of which is cardiotoxicity. Research is constantly being conducted to identify substances that could be incorporated into ongoing cancer chemotherapy to mitigate anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. Recently, the apelinergic system has received a lot of attention in this field due to its involvement in cardiovascular regulation. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the ability of the apelinergic system to inhibit the cardiotoxic effects of anthracycline—doxorubicin (DOX). Methods: In this study, 54 Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into seven groups and received intraperitoneal injections with DOX once a week for 4 consecutive weeks. The osmotic pumps provided a continuous release of NaCl (control groups), apelin-13 and elabela at two different doses, and the apelin receptor (APJ) antagonist ML221. Electrocardiography (ECG) and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) with assessment of left ventricular (LV) systolic parameters were conducted on the first and last days of the experiment. Results: Lower doses of APJ agonists prevented the prolongation of QT and QTc intervals induced by DOX, while higher doses of these drugs exerted no such effect. The TTE examination confirmed DOX-induced LV systolic dysfunction. Moreover, the TTE examination revealed an improvement in the LV systolic parameters in the DOX-treated groups that were simultaneously administered APJ agonists. Conclusions: Our findings support the use of apelin and elabela as potential cardioprotective agents against anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity.
An Improved Human Evolution Optimization Algorithm for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle 3D Trajectory Planning
Authors: Wang Xue , Zhou Shiyuan , Wang Zijia , Xia Xiaoyun , Duan Yaolong
Published: January 2025

To address the challenges of slow convergence speed, poor convergence precision, and getting stuck in local optima for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) three-dimensional path planning, this paper proposes a path planning method based on an Improved Human Evolution Optimization Algorithm (IHEOA). First, a mathematical model is used to construct a three-dimensional terrain environment, and a multi-constraint path cost model is established, framing path planning as a multidimensional function optimization problem. Second, recognizing the sensitivity of population diversity to Logistic Chaotic Mapping in a traditional Human Evolution Optimization Algorithm (HEOA), an opposition-based learning strategy is employed to uniformly initialize the population distribution, thereby enhancing the algorithm’s global optimization capability. Additionally, a guidance factor strategy is introduced into the leader role during the development stage, providing clear directionality for the search process, which increases the probability of selecting optimal paths and accelerates the convergence speed. Furthermore, in the loser update strategy, an adaptive t-distribution perturbation strategy is utilized for its small mutation amplitude, which enhances the local search capability and robustness of the algorithm. Evaluations using 12 standard test functions demonstrate that these improvement strategies effectively enhance convergence precision and algorithm stability, with the IHEOA, which integrates multiple strategies, performing particularly well. Experimental comparative research on three different terrain environments and five traditional algorithms shows that the IHEOA not only exhibits excellent performance in terms of convergence speed and precision but also generates superior paths while demonstrating exceptional global optimization capability and robustness in complex environments. These results validate the significant advantages of the proposed improved algorithm in effectively addressing UAV path planning challenges.
Muscle Activation Reduction During Walking with an Active Hip Exoskeleton
Authors: Sheng Wentao , Ghalichi Farzan , Ding Li , Yu Chengtao , Lu Mingyue , Ye Xia
Published: January 2025

Objective: To reduce hip joint muscles’ activation during walking with an active hip exoskeleton. Background: Few studies examine the optimal active assistance timing of the hip exoskeleton based on muscle activation characteristics. Methods: Sixteen gender-balanced healthy adults (mean age 28.8 years) performed four tasks (each over 20 min). Tasks were different in loading and assistance. Muscle activation was collected by surface electromyography. The collected oxygen consumption evaluated the performance of the proposed active assistance strategy. Results: Experimental results verified that lower muscle activation and metabolism could be achieved when the active assistance gait phase was 9–60% of the gait cycle than that of all-gait-cycle active assist. Conclusions: Regulating the exoskeleton’s active assistance timing according to muscles’ activation characteristics can improve functional assistance.
Molecular and Serological Screening Support the Lack of Coxiella burnetii Circulation in Wild Birds of Portugal
Authors: Loureiro Filipa , Mesquita João R. , Cardoso Luís , Pintado Cristina , Gomes-Gonçalves Sara , Matos Ana C. , Soeiro Vanessa , Gonçalves Andreia , Silva Filipe , Matos Manuela , Coelho Ana Cláudia
Published: January 2025

Coxiella burnetii is a highly infectious zoonotic pathogenic bacterium that has a major economic impact in the livestock industry throughout the world and causes unpredictable outbreaks in humans worldwide. Although it is known that birds are potential reservoirs of C. burnetii, their role in the epidemiological cycle of the pathogen has not been fully verified. Due to its non-specific symptoms and clinical signs, it is certainly an underdiagnosed disease. The objective of this study was to obtain more information on C. burnetii prevalence in wild birds in Portugal. Blood, plasma, and other tissue samples were obtained from wild birds admitted at wildlife rehabilitation centres in Portugal in the scope of passive surveillance. Antibodies specific to C. burnetii were screened using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Evidence of C. burnetii infection was sought based on the detection of bacterial DNA. No positive results were found, either in terms of antibodies to C. burnetii or molecular biology. These serological findings do not indicate the endemic circulation of C. burnetii in wild birds, which can be considered relevant information. However, a more complete and serialized approach over time is necessary to be able to make real inferences about the endemicity of the pathogen in the country and its dispersion among wild avian populations. qPCR results were also negative, a finding suggesting that this host population may not play a significant role in the transmission dynamics of C. burnetii. Given the importance of wild bird species as natural reservoirs of this zoonotic bacterium, we consider these data useful for multidisciplinary work in the prevention and control of Q fever, following a One Health approach.