bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular Docking Analyses of Phytochemicals Obtained from African Antiviral Herbal Plants Exhibit Inhibitory Activity against Therapeutic Targets of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: AbrahamDogo Goni , Uchechukwu Ohaeri , Umar Uzal , Madaki Aboi J. , Aguiyi John C.
Published: May 2020

Presently, the global public health threat of international concern is the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), a viral disease of worldwide prevalence caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), at present the disease has no known cure or vaccine. Plants worldwide including plants of African ethnopharmacological relevance are a natural source of abundant and diverse phytochemicals with bioactivity against microorganisms including viruses. We selected 13 plants used in African traditional medicine for the treatment of viral diseases to screen for phytochemicals capable of interfering with SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic targets using AutoDock Vina in silico tool. 25 phytochemicals from these plants that passed the Lipinski rule of drug-likeness were assessed for antiviral activity against three SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic targets, namely: spike glycoprotein, Papain-like protease and 3C-like proteinase. The crystal structure of the viral protein targets was obtained from the protein databank website (https://www.rcsb.org/). The active sites of the target proteins were predicted using SCFBio Server (http://www.scfbio-iitd.res.in/dock/ActiveSite.jsp) from the PDB file as input. The antiviral herbal phytochemical compounds were then docked with prepared targets: Papain-like protease, 3C-like proteinase and spike glycoprotein. The Autodocking hit results generated six lead phytochemicals out of a library of twenty-five (25) phytochemicals from the African traditional herbs with potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity. The lead molecules with their binding affinities against Papain-like protease and 3C-Like Proteinase are as follows: Ginsenosides (-9.9 kcal/mol), ursolic acid (-9.4 kcal/mol), oleanolic acid (-9.4 kcal/mol), cynarine (-8.9 kcal/mol), glabridin (-8.5 kcal/mol) and cinnamoyl-echinadiol (-8.2 kcal/mol). ADMET profile shows glabridin, cinnamoyl-echinadiol and neral obtained from Licorice, Echinacea purpurea and lemongrass respectively, exhibited best-fit values as drugs candidate. We advocate for further in vitro and in vivo studies to evaluate the activity of these lead compounds with a view to optimized drug intervention against COVID-19 pandemic.
Policy Decisions and Response to Fight 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease in Uganda: A review of Attributes, Comprehensiveness and Implications to Improve Resilience to Future Pandemics
Authors: Kiwanuka Frank , Waswa Shafik , Alemayehu Yisak Hagos , Simbeye Joel Abrahams
Published: May 2020

Uganda experiences recurrent epidemics. However, policies enacted to prevent or prepare for future epidemics remain unclear. This paper reviews policies that are shaping responses to the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Uganda. An integrative systematic review approach using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) was adopted. Databases including organizational websites, bibliographical databases, and newsletters were searched for records on policies addressing response to COVID-19. Quality appraisal was conducted using the von Wright’s logic of events framework and the AGREE II (Appraisal of Guidelines, Research and Evaluation) checklist. A descriptive qualitative narrative approach was used for data analysis. Fifteen papers are included in this review. Uganda’s preparedness to COVID-19 was initiated before the first case was identified on 21 March 2020. Most documents included in our final analysis were soft policy (nonstatutory) documents (n=10). MoH implemented four public orders: notification of COVID-19; prohibition of entry into Uganda; control of COVID-19; prevention of COVID-19; requirements and conditions of entry into Uganda. In addition, the office of the president implemented three directives as of 08 May 2020; the initial directive included preparatory instructions to the public and ministries before the first case of COVID-19 was registered. Subsequently, three other presidential directives were established; two of these instituted lockdown measures while one instituted the first phase of releasing some lockdown measures. Soft policies identified in this review included guidelines (n=4); press releases (n=4) and mitigation measures. Three out of the four guidelines were clinical practice guidelines, these include quarantine of individuals in the context of containment of COVID-19, COVID-19 preparedness and response plan-laboratory manual, and national guidelines for management of COVID-19 patients.Conclusion: Uganda has experience built from response to previous epidemics. Uganda has robust policies in place to respond to COVID-19. Comprehensive Policies integrating human capital, research and economical aspects of an epidemic can increase and better prepare Uganda for future.
S-Shaped versus V-Shaped Transfer Functions for Binary Manta Ray Foraging Optimization in Feature Selection Problem
Authors: Ghosh Kushal Kanti , Guha Ritam , Bera Suman Kumar , Kumar Neeraj , Sarkar Ram
Published: May 2020

Feature selection (FS) is considered as one of the core concepts in the areas of machine learning and data mining which immensely impacts the performance of classification model. Through FS, irrelevant or partially relevant features can be eliminated which in turn helps in enhancing the performance of the model. Over the years, researchers have applied different meta-heuristic optimization techniques for the purpose of FS as these overcome the limitations of traditional optimization approaches. Going by the trend, we introduce a new FS approach based on a recently proposed meta-heuristic algorithm called Manta Ray Foraging Optimization (MRFO) which is developed following the food foraging nature of the Manta rays, one of the largest known marine creatures. As MRFO is apposite for continuous search space problems, we have adapted a binary version of MRFO to t it into the problem of FS by applying eight different transfer functions belonging to two different families: S-shaped and V-shaped. We have evaluated the eight binary versions of MRFO on 18 standard UCI datasets. Of these, the best one is considered for comparison with 16 recently proposed meta-heuristic FS approaches. The results show that MRFO outperforms the state-of-art methods in terms of both classification accuracy and number of features selected.
Analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak in Northern Cyprus using a Mathematical Model
Authors: Sanlidag Tamer , Sultanoglu Nazife , Kaymakamzade Bilgen , Hincal Evren , Sayan Murat , Suer Kaya , Baddal Buket
Published: May 2020

The present study studied the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in Northern-Cyprus (NC) by using real data and a designed mathematical model. The model consisted of two equilibrium points, which were disease-free and epidemic. The stability of the equilibrium points was determined by the magnitude of the basic reproduction number (𝑹𝟎). If 𝑹𝟎 < 1, the disease eventually disappears, if 𝑹𝟎 ≥ 1, the presence of an epidemic is stated. 𝑹𝟎 has been calculated patient zero, with a range of 2.38 to 0.65. Currently, the 𝑹𝟎 for NC was found to be 0.65, indicating that NC is free from the SARS-CoV-2epidemic.
Profesionalni identitet učitelja francuskoga jezika u Republici Hrvatskoj
Authors: Lujić Rea
Published: May 2020

Identitet učitelja inoga jezika nedovoljno je istražen koncept na području Republike Hrvatske. Stoga se u ovome radu navedeni koncept ponajprije teorijski razmatra, a potom se prikazuju rezultati istraživanja profesionalnog identiteta učitelja francuskoga jezika u RH. U istraživačkome dijelu rada razmatramo mijenjaju li učitelji francuskog jezika svoj profesionalni identitet ili ne mijenjaju, a ako mijenjaju, u kojoj je to mjeri i koji su razlozi tomu. Rezultati su pokazali kako učitelji svoj učiteljski identitet najčešće mijenjaju sudjelujući na lokalnim stručnim usavršavanjima, a najmanje sudjelovanjem u organiziranim e-tečajevima. Glavnim razlogom za sudjelovanje u aktivnostima stručnoga usavršavanja pokazao se njihov unutarnji poticaj, dok su se glavnim razlogom za nesudjelovanjem pokazali financijski čimbenici. Dulje radno iskustvo, članstvo u Hrvatskoj udruzi profesora francuskoga jezika i obvezni status jezika pokazali su se faktorima koji statistički značajno pozitivno utječu na osjećaj pripadnosti zajednici učitelja francuskoga jezika u Republici Hrvatskoj.
Conciencia y subjetividad
Authors: Viola Federico Ignacio
Published: May 2020

Esta investigación ofrece un esbozo de una forma alternativa de concebir la categoría clásica de la subjetividad que subyace al concepto de objeción de conciencia y de desobediencia civil.

La mayoría de los puntos de vista habituales sobre este tema se centran en el individuo y sus derechos. Demostrando que este enfoque es insuficiente y, por lo tanto, insatisfactorio, esta investigación destaca la importancia de conceptualizar de nuevo la categoría de subjetividad, lo que a su vez hará posible una nueva forma de conceptualizar la noción de objeción de conciencia, es decir, pensar en ella no más como un derecho individual, sino como un deber de responsabilidad social.

Para la explicitación de este enfoque alternativo, esta investigación se basa principalmente en la obra de Emmanuel Levinas, quien centra todas sus reflexiones filosóficas en la perspectiva del otro (autrui).
Revisión crítica de neuroteología como metateología y megateología
Authors: Munera Montoya Juan Carlos
Published: May 2020

El artículo pretende ser una revisión de los conceptos: metateología y megateología utilizados por el neurocientífico Andrew Newberg en su obra Principles of Neurotheology. Para esto, en primera instancia, se hace una revisión del término teología, desde su origen griego, y reflexionar sobre si es aplicable o no a las demás religiones. En segundo lugar, se evalúa el concepto de neuroteología como una metateología o teología universal para todas las religiones. Y por último, se analiza el término de megateología, como una neuroteología que pueda ser utilizada conceptual y terapéuticamente por todas las religiones en cuanto que engloba elementos comunes de estas. En este análisis se trata de resaltar los peligros en que puede caer esta propuesta como son el sincretismo religioso y una comprensión errónea de lo que es y persigue la teología del pluralismo religioso.
A Cultura do Encontro: Palavras e Gestos em Francisco
Authors: Nef Ulloa Boris Agustin , Barbosa Guimarães Adriana
Published: May 2020

Este estudo pretende compreender a emblemática expressão «cultura do encontro», no marco do magistério e testemunho do Papa Francisco. Desde o início de seu pontificado, a categoria «encontro» recebe destaque em seus pronunciamentos e, principalmente, nos seus gestos. Em diversos momentos da história de Israel, as palavras e os gestos foram a forma escolhida por Deus para se revelar ao seu povo, especialmente por intermédio dos profetas. Pretende-se assim, também considerar a dimensão profética de seus ensinamentos e testemunho e, dessa forma constatar como a cultura do encontro é uma atualização e epifania do Reino de Deus para os nossos dias. A abordagem consistirá em analisar como Francisco explica, descreve e propõe a cultura do encontro em seus pronunciamentos para identificar seu dinamismo. E, por fim, verificar como o próprio pontífice se exercita e promove a «cultura do encontro» mediante a consideração de suas 27 viagens apostólicas fora da Itália.
Educação e participação: uma investigação das perspectivas teóricas brasileiras
Authors: Assis Tauã Carvalho de , Gohn Maria Da Glória
Published: May 2020

O trabalho objetiva problematizar as perspectivas teóricas brasileiras sobre a participação sociopolítica na educação. Para isso, recorremos aos artigos publicados sobre a temática em três revistas especializadas em educação: Revista Brasileira de Educação, Revista Brasileira de Política e Administração da Educação e, Revista Brasileira de Estudos Pedagógicos. Concluímos que a participação tem sido descrita nas publicações analisadas, a partir de quatro perspectivas distintas que alteram desde sua concepção até sua forma de atuação e abrangência.
Gestão democrática do ensino público: as regras do jogo no campo educacional
Authors: Schneider Marilda Pasqual , Flach Simone , Mocarzel Marcelo , Moehlecke Sabrina
Published: May 2020

Editorial
Democratização da gestão do ensino público em sistemas municipais de educação no Maranhão
Authors: Dublante Carlos André Sousa , Cardozo Maria José Pires Barros
Published: May 2020

Este artigo aborda a questão da democratização do ensino público enfocando os princípios da participação e da autonomia dos Municípios na constituição dos seus Sistemas Municipais de Educação-SME. Para sua realização utilizou-se pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, a primeira por meio de aportes teóricos de autores que estudam a temática e a segunda, mediante análise da legislação e das Leis de criação dos SME no Estado do Maranhão. Apresentam-se aspectos teóricos e legais que tratam da autonomia dos Municípios na função de entes federados e dados das leis dos SME dos municípios maranhenses que constituíram os seus sistemas educativos. Concluiu-se que a democratização da gestão é uma prerrogativa legal; contudo, algumas leis dos SME ainda são incipientes ao tratarem dos princípios que as fundamentam.
Gestão democrática do ensino público em municípios piauienses: princípios, espaços e mecanismos de participação
Authors: Ribeiro Raimunda Maria da Cunha
Published: May 2020

O objetivo deste estudo é analisar, a partir da legislação de criação dos sistemas municipais de ensino do Piauí, os princípios da gestão democrática, os espaços e os mecanismos de participação. A metodologia adota atributos da pesquisa qualitativa e quantitativa. A técnica de coleta de dados é a análise documental, somando 97 Leis. A institucionalização dos sistemas municipais analisados é uma tarefa em processo, o que não poderia ser diferente quanto à materialização da gestão democrática do ensino público.
Purification and Characterization of 6-Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase from Japanese Quail (Coturnix, coturnix japonica) Erythrocytes
Authors: RAFAT BAQI Hardi , TEMEL Yusuf , ÇİFTCİ Mehmet
Published: May 2020

In this study, the 6PGD enzyme from Japanese quail erythrocytes was purified with specific activity of 52.84 EU/mg and 69% yield of purification by 2ˈ, 5ˈ- ADP Sepharose 4B affinity gel in a single chromatographic method. The purification folds of the enzyme were 4984 folds. The purified enzyme was checked using SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) method; the result of gel showed a single band. The subunit molecular weight of the enzyme was calculated as 81 kDa by the SDS-PAGE method. The characterization studies of the 6PGD enzyme from erythrocytes of Japanese quail showed: the optimum ionic strength to be at 0.5 M Tris-HCl, optimum and stable pH values to be at 0.5 M Tris-HCl buffers pH 8.0. The optimal temperature for the enzyme activity was found at 60 ˚C. Finally, the KM and Vmax values for the 6PGD enzyme from Japanese quail’s erythrocytes were calculated respectively for the 6PGA the KM value found as 0.120 mM, Vmax value as 0.191 EU/mL and for NADP+ the KM value as 0.017 mM and Vmax value as 0.228 EU/mL.
Analysis of User - Space Relations: Şehit Fethi Sekin Park Example, İzmir
Authors: MALKOÇ TRUE Emine , KILIÇASLAN Çiğdem
Published: May 2020

It is important to analyze the relationship between the user and space by approaching the physical environment in a visual context, identifying existing and potential problems and proposing solutions to strengthen the public life of cities. Şehit Fethi Sekin Park, which also possesses sentimental values and love of homeland in its name, has been analyzed visually, and the design approach has been examined and the relationship between physical environment and user behaviour has been interpreted. The study was carried out in the example of Şehit Fethi Sekin Park in Bayraklı District of İzmir. In the first stage, the research area was generally photographed and the visual impressions were taken into consideration by the first impressions of the environment, the remarkable elements, the factors that reduce / increase the visual quality and the features that make the settlement different. In the second stage, the research area was evaluated in terms of spatial, sensory and social aspects. In the last stage, the research area was observed and photographed on the basis of environment - user - behaviour, and used and unused sections of the study area were determined. In addition, user behaviours and the physical environment in which this behaviours take place were handled together and the effects of environmental factors on user behaviours were revealed. As a result of the study, although it was tried to create interesting designs and sub-spaces, it was determined that the intended usage intensity could not be achieved and it was predicted that improvements that would not disturb the traditional structure of the study area would make significant contributions to the socialization of the public.
Ağaçların Bina ile Olan Mesafesinin Dış Mekan Termal Konfor Üzerine Etkisi: Erzurum Kenti Örneği
Authors: AKSU Ayşegül , YILMAZ Sevgi , ERTEM MUTLU Başak , YILMAZ Hasan
Published: May 2020

Kentleşmeyle birlikte artan kentsel ısı adası etkisi sıcak iklim bölgelerinde yazın daha fazla serinletme, soğuk iklim bölgerinde ise kışın daha fazla ısıtma talebiyle enerji kullanımının artmasına sebep olmuştur. Son yıllarda güneş enerjisinden en üst seviyede faydalanarak enerji tasarrufu sağlama, hava kirliliğini azaltmak için çözümler üretme, ısıtma ve soğutma maliyetlerini azaltmak için öneriler sunma ile ilgili birçok çalışma yapılmaktadır. Kentlerdeki yeşil alan varlığının fazla olması yansımayı azaltacağı için ısı adası etkisini de azaltmaktadır. Yapılan çalışmalarda genellikle ağaçların soğutma etkileri vurgulanmaktadır. Ancak soğuk iklim bölgeleri için ağaçların ortamın ısınmasına olan katkıları da incelenmelidir. Bu araştırma; yüksek rakım ve soğuk iklim şartlarının hakim olduğu Erzurum kentinde, yeni bir yerleşim alanı olan Yıldızkent mevkiinde bulunan bir site bahçesinde yürütülmüştür. Bu site 16 adet villadan oluşmaktadır. Bu alanda, çevresinde bitki örtüsü bulunan bir evin birinci katına, güney ve kuzey cephelere 2 adet meteorolojik veri ölçüm cihazı yerleştirilmiştir. Aralık 2017’de araştırma alanından 24 saatlik mikroiklim verileri kaydedilmiş olup, ortalama değerleri hazırlanan senaryolar için ENVI-met yazılım programı kullanılmıştır. Bu senaryolarda, binanın ağaçlar ile olan farklı mesafelerinin termal konfor üzerindeki etkisi araştırılmıştır. Mesafeler; binaya bitişik, 2m ve 4m olarak belirlenerek, hangi senaryonun konforlu olduğu analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, ağaçlar ve bina arasındaki mesafe 2m olduğunda, ortamın sıcaklığının mevcut durumdan 9.2 °C daha sıcak olduğu belirlenmiştir. Verilere ait Tahmini Ortalama Oy (PMV) analizi ile insanlar tarafından hissedilir mevcut durum ve alternatif senaryolar için haritalar oluşturulmuştur. Sonuç olarak termal konforlu ve termal stresin olmadığı durum bitkilerin binaya 2m ve 4m aralıklarla dikildiği senaryolar olup, 0.2-0.3 °C PMV değeri belirlenmiştir.
Riesz Uzaylarında Otomorfizma ve Biotomorfizmaların 𝒇-Cebir Yapıları ve Diğer Bazı Cebir Türleri İle İlişkisi
Authors: GÖKCAN İbrahim
Published: May 2020

𝑓-Cebiri , 𝑑-Cebiri, hemen hemen 𝑓-Cebiri ve yarıasal 𝑓-Cebiri yapıları tanıtıldı ve aralarındaki ilişkiler Aliprantis ve Burkinshaw (2006) tarafından çalışıldı. Zaanen, Huijsmans, Boulabiar, Buskes ve Triki gibi matematikçiler tarafından Riesz uzayları üzerinde homomorfizma, izomorfizma, otomorfizma ve biotomorfizma kavramları tanımlandı. Riesz Uzaylarında Biotomorfizmalar üzerinde 𝑓-Cebiri Buskes, Page ve Yilmaz (2010) ve Boulabiar ve Brahmi (2016) tarafından çalışıldı. Boulabiar ve Brahmi (2016) tarafından biotomorfizma uzayının cebirsel yapısı incelenerek e∈𝑋+, ∀𝑥1,𝑥2∈𝑋 ve 𝑓1,𝑓2∈𝑂𝑟𝑡ℎ(𝑋,𝑋) için(𝑓1∗e𝑓2)(𝑥1,𝑥2)=𝑓1(𝑥1,𝑓2(𝑒,𝑥2))şeklinde tanımlanan çarpım yardımıyla bu uzayın bir 𝑓−Cebir yapısına sahip olduğu gösterildi. Bu çalışmada, 𝑂𝑟𝑡ℎ (𝑋,𝑋) uzayında 𝑓-Cebiri, 𝑑-Cebiri, hemen hemen 𝑓-Cebiri ve yarıasal 𝑓-Cebiri aralarındaki ilişkiyi ∗e çarpımı yardımıyla incelemek ve Teorem 1.10 ile verilen 𝑋 yarıasal 𝑓-Cebiri ile 𝑑-Cebiri ve hemen hemen 𝑓-Cebiri arasındaki geçişlerin biotomorfizmalar üzerinde tanımlanan cebir türlerinde de sağlanıp sağlanmadığını incelemek istiyoruz. Daha önceki çalışmalardan Riesz Uzaylarında biotomorfizmalar üzerinde 𝑓-Cebirinin tanımlı olduğunu biliyoruz. Çalışmamızda 𝑋 üzerinde tanımlanan otomorfizmalar uzayı 𝑂𝑟𝑡ℎ (𝑋) ile bitomorfizmalar uzayı ise 𝑂𝑟𝑡ℎ (𝑋,𝑋) ile simgelenmiştir.
Urban Resilience Assessment of Trabzon
Authors: DURSUN Doğan , DURSUN Defne , KAYA Ahmet Burak
Published: May 2020

Negative environmental developments in the modern urban world such as pollution, disasters, scarcity of sources and climate change necessitates regulations and introduce the urgent need for new urban planning approaches. The concept of “resilience” becomes a contemporary issue in this process and it takes the discussions on sustainability, management of risks and governance a step further. Resilience is mainly a capacity of system to cope with external unexpected risks. In the urban area, the concept means adaptation and coping capacity of urban systems against shocks, risks, disasters and emergencies which may arise. The main aim of this study is to evaluate existing urbanization practices of Trabzon in terms of the concept of resilience. In the first stage, the resilience concept and its new initiatives in the planning area are discussed. Then, framework for the analysis of Trabzon is presented. Later, Criteria and measurement methods were analyzed within the framework of twelve different studies. In the scope of these studies, social, economic, physical-ecological, administrative and political resilience perspectives were defined. In this direction, 49 indicators were prepared in accordance with the national database and new method was searched for the evaluation of the Turkish case within the resilience perspective. The findings showed that Trabzon is a non-resilient city and creating risks in terms of the topics studied. A planning approach should be developed from the perspective of resilience for the city. Otherwise, it is obvious that the city will be faced with big risks in the future in terms of livability.
Simplisel Leibniz Cebirler Üzerine
Authors: AYTEKİN Ali
Published: May 2020

Bu makalenin temel amacı, Leibniz cebirler kategorisinde simplisel objeyi tanımlayarak, simplisel Leibniz cebirler kategorisi ile Leibniz cebirler üzerinde çaprazlanmış modüller kategorisinin denkliğini göstermektir.
Topraksız Kültür Baş Salata (Lactuca Sativa L.) Yetiştiriciliğinde Farklı Tuzluluk (NaCI) Düzeylerinin Verim ve Bitki Gelişimi Üzerindeki Etkileri
Authors: AKAT SARAÇOĞLU Özlem , KILIÇ Cenk , DUYAR Hale
Published: May 2020

Bu araştırma, topraksız kültür baş salata (Lactuca Sativa L. capitata cv. Bombala) yetiştiriciliğinde farklı tuzluluk düzeylerinin (NaCI), verim ve bitki gelişimi üzerindeki etkilerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Araştırma 3 tekrarlı olacak şekilde tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre iki ayrı üretim döneminde (1. ve 2. üretim dönemi) yapılmıştır. Üç farklı NaCI tuzluluk seviyesi (S0: Kontrol, S1: S0+1 dS m-1, S2: S0+2 dS m-1) ve Hoagland besin çözeltisi ile birlikte baş salata bitkisinin gelişimi perlit ortamında denenmiştir. Kontrol (S0) olarak Hoagland çözeltisi kullanılmıştır. S1 ve S2 tuz seviyelerinin tuzluluk düzeyleri stok NaCI çözeltisi ilave edilerek ayarlanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, NaCI dozları verim üzerinde istatistiksel olarak önemli bir etki yaratmıştır. Besin çözeltisinin NaCI konsantrasyonu arttıkça verim düşmüştür. Üretim dönemlerine ilişkin en yüksek verim, NaCI uygulaması yapılmayan kontrol (S0) konularında tespit edilirken, en düşük verim ise besin çözeltisi NaCI konsatrasyonun en yüksek düzeyi olan (S2) konularda belirlenmiştir. Tuzluluğun (NaCI); bitki baş çapı (en), bitki baş yüksekliği (boy), bitki kuru ağırlığı ve vitamin C içeriği üzerindeki etkisi istatistiksel anlamda önemsiz bulunmuştur. Bununla birlikte, NaCI düzeylerindeki artış söz konusu değerleri azaltmıştır. S2 konularında en düşük yaprak oransal su kapsamı değerleri ve en yüksek yaprak hücreleri membran zararlanma indeksi değerleri belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen tüm bulgular; NaCI ile oluşturulan tuzlu koşulların topraksız baş salata yetiştiriciliğinde olumsuz etkiler yarattığı yönündedir.
Bazı Yağ Bitkileri Tohumlarının Çimlenme ve Fide Gelişimi Üzerine İki Yulaf Çeşidinin Allelopatik Etkileri
Authors: ERGİN Nurgül , KAYA Mehmet Demir
Published: May 2020

Bu çalışmada, iki yulaf çeşidinin (Checota ve Kahraman) saplarından elde edilen farklı dozlardaki (25, 50 ve 100 g L-1) solüsyonların bazı yağ bitkileri (ayçiçeği, aspir, kolza ve soya) ile buğday ve yulafın çimlenme ve fide gelişimi üzerine allelopatik etkilerini belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada, çimlenme yüzdesi (%), ortalama çimlenme süresi (gün), kök ve sürgün uzunluğu (cm), fide yaş ve kuru ağırlığı (mg bitki-1) ile kök/sürgün oranı incelenmiştir. Ayrıca, yulaf çeşitlerinden hazırlanan solüsyonların elektriksel iletkenlik (EC) ve pH değerleri de belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, dozlardaki artışa bağlı olarak solüsyonların EC değeri artmış, pH değerleri ise değişmemiştir. Kahraman çeşidinden elde edilen solüsyonların EC değeri daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Soya hariç, incelenen bitkilerin çimlenme yüzdesi üzerine yulaf çeşit ve solüsyon dozlarının önemli etkisi olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Tüm bitkilerde çimlenme süresi artan dozlarla uzamıştır. Ayçiçeği, aspir, kolza ve soya bitkilerinin kök ve sürgün uzunluğu artan solüsyon dozlarıyla azalmıştır. Buğday ve yulaf fidelerinin gelişimi artan dozlarla engellenmiş, yulaf çeşitleri arasında belirgin bir farklılık bulunmamıştır. Aspir ve soyada Kahraman çeşidi fide gelişimini daha fazla engellerken, ayçiçeği ve kolza bitkilerinde Checota çeşidinin daha etkili olduğu saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, yulaf saplarının incelenen yağ bitkileri üzerine allelopatik etkilerinin olduğu ve yulaf çeşitlerinin allelopatik etkilerinin farklı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Yulaf saplarının, buğday ve yulaf bitkilerine allelopatik etkilerinin daha az olduğu ve daha yüksek dozlarda allelopatik etkilerinin ortaya çıktığı söylenebilir.
Analysis of a Rare Honey Sample From Tuzluca/Iğdır Region
Authors: KAYGUSUZ Hakan
Published: May 2020

Turkey has a wide variety of honey products and most of the honeys are endemic. There are many endemic honey samples in Anatolia that have not been investigated yet. Since natural honey has special benefits due to its many bioactive ingredients, it is still a challenge to classify and characterize different honey samples. In this study, an endemic and rare honey sample from the mountainous and almost uninhabited region of Tuzluca, Iğdır is reported. Honey sample is characterized by the means of antioxidant and antidiabetic capacities, nitrite and nitrate content, fructose/glucose ratio. Results indicate that the reported honey sample has unique characteristics.
Simultaneous Determination of Binary Drug Components in Pharmaceutical Formulations with Chemometric Methods
Authors: PEKCAN ERTOKUŞ Güzide , BİNECİ DOĞAN Mine
Published: May 2020

A synchronous definition of paracetamol and amoxicillin quantities in pharmaceutical formulations was performed using spectrophotometric methods. Principal component regression (PCR) and partial least squares regression (PLS) were used as multivariate calibration techniques. Spectrophotometric-chemometric methods were used for the simultaneous quantification of paracetamol and amoxicillin in the laboratory prepared mixtures and in the drug tablets without any requirements for a prior separation. The linearity of the calibration curves for each active substance in the synthetic mixtures demonstrated that concentration ranges were appropriate (r2>0.9997). The investigation of the accuracy and repeatability of the two methods resulted in high recovery rates and lower standard deviation values. Achieving high recovery and low standard deviation values, this study encouraged us to proceed further in pharmaceutical assay. The recommended methods are highly sensitive and precise as these methods have been successfully applied to quantify active substances in pharmaceutical samples.
İçme Suyu Olarak Belediye Şebeke Suyunun Tüketici Tercihlerindeki Yerinin Belirlenmesi: Iğdır İli Örneği
Authors: UZUNDUMLU Ahmet , AŞKAN Emine , ÇELİK Zeynep
Published: May 2020

Bu çalışmada Iğdır ilinde hanehalkının en uygun içme suyu tipini tespit etmek amaçlanmıştır. Bu amacı gerçekleştirmek için Iğdır ili Merkez ilçede yaşayan 17-75 yaş aralığında 400 bireyle yüz-yüze görüşme yapılmıştır. Çalışmada tüketici ve ailesine yönelik sosyo- ekonomik ve demografik sorular ile içme ve kullanma suyu tüketimine yönelik sorular sorulmuştur. Anket sayısının belirlenmesinde ana kitle oranlarına dayalı basit tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemi ile en uygun içme suyu tipinin belirlenmesinde Analitik Hiyerarşi Süreci (AHS) yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre içme suyu olarak hanelerin %38’i şişe suyunu, %35’i arıtma cihazlı şebeke suyunu, %13’ü mahalle çeşmesi veya kaynak suyunu, %13’ü arıtma cihazı olmadan belediye şebeke suyunu, %1'i de arıtma cihazlı kaynak suyunu kullandığı belirlenmiştir. Hanehalkı için aylık ortalama su faturası 40.14 TL ve şişe su harcaması 86.42 TL’dir. Günlük kişi başına içilen su miktarı 2.27 L olup 1.03 L’si şişe sudur. Hanehalkının %32.36’sı şişe suyu, %27.56’sı arıtılmış suyu, %21.27’si çeşme ve kuyu gibi kaynak sularını ve %18.80 ise belediye şebeke suyunu fiyat, hijyen, mineral, tat ve ulaşım kriterlerine göre tercih ettikleri tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın sonuçlarının Iğdır iline içme ve kullanma suyu arz eden belediye yetkililerine ve içme suyu sağlayan arıtma cihazı ve şişe su pazarlayan firmalara yol göstereceği düşünülmektedir.
Business-Model Transformation: from Classical Organization to Ecosystem
Authors: Kalenov О. Е.
Published: May 2020

Today’s business-environment is characterized by fast changes, serious diversity and tightening connection between its elements. These factors typical of this environment require new approaches to transformation of existing business-models. Perceiving conceptual description of entrepreneurial activity in the light of ecosystem, organizations can ensure their survival and at the same time raise the efficiency of their functioning. The article also studies processes of interaction and interdependence of organizations, their ecosystems and business-environment. The author identifies a number of characteristics, which are obligatory for ecosystem for successful functioning in the turbulent social and economic environment: heterogeneity, modality, redundancy, adaptation, pro-activity, confidentiality. Special attention during transformation processes of business-models towards ecosystems is paid to shaping a relative system of management, organizational structure and corporate culture. A specific role of the ecosystem leader is underlined, which determines its development and key rules of the ecosystem center (its driver) are shown and advantages of all its participants are described. The author characterizes the current stage of the ecosystem development and shows possible prospects of their shaping.
Specific Features of Building Business-Processes Controlling Systems in Conditions of Economy Digitalization
Authors: Matushevskaya E. A. , Dotsenko O. S.
Published: May 2020

The article provides the research results, whose goal is to study problems of business-process controlling and to design methodological approaches and recommendations on practical realization of complex management of business-processes by using digital technologies at enterprises of service sector. The authors show and substantiate in theory business-processes at enterprises providing hairdressing services. A new vision of managing businessprocesses in current conditions of business is shown. Key principles and criteria of business-process optimization are identified, recommendations on resolving problems of using digital technologies are provided, which are necessary to optimize business-processes at the enterprise and on practical realization of complex management of businessprocesses at enterprises by using digital technologies, such as chat-bots and OCR/ICR systems meant for optical recognition and digitalization of enterprise work. The article shows that the use of modern digital technologies provides endless possibilities for business-process improvement by special systems that can change and enhance them continuously. It can simplify management methods, cut the cost of process optimization. The authors propose to introduce the system of business-process controlling and recommend to use indicators of enterprise work efficiency in view of separate processes.
Highlights Regarding the Use of Metallic Nanoparticles against Pathogens Considered a Priority by the World Health Organization
Authors: da Silva Patricia Bento , Araújo Victor Hugo Sousa , Fonseca-Santos Bruno , Solcia Mariana Cristina , Ribeiro Camila Maringolo , da Silva Isabel Cristiane , Alves Renata Carolina , Pironi Andressa Maria , Silva Ana Carolina Lopes , Victorelli Francesca Damiani , Fernandes Mariza Aires , Ferreira Paula Scanavez , da Silva Gilmar Hanck , Pavan Fernando Rogério , Chorilli Marlus
Published: May 2020

The indiscriminate use of antibiotics has facilitated the growing resistance of bacteria,
and this has become a serious public health problem worldwide. Several microorganisms are still
resistant to multiple antibiotics and are particularly dangerous in the hospital and nursing home
environment, and to patients whose care requires devices, such as ventilators and intravenous
catheters. A list of twelve pathogenic genera, which especially included bacteria that were not affected
by different antibiotics, was released by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2017,
and the research and development of new antibiotics against these genera has been considered a
priority. The nanotechnology is a tool that offers an effective platform for altering the physicalchemical
properties of different materials, thereby enabling the development of several biomedical
applications. Owing to their large surface area and high reactivity, metallic particles on the
nanometric scale have remarkable physical, chemical, and biological properties. Nanoparticles
with sizes between 1 and 100 nm have several applications, mainly as new antimicrobial agents for
the control of microorganisms. In the present review, more than 200 reports of various metallic
nanoparticles, especially those containing copper, gold, platinum, silver, titanium, and zinc were
analyzed with regard to their anti-bacterial activity. However, of these 200 studies, only 42 reported
about trials conducted against the resistant bacteria considered a priority by the WHO. All
studies are in the initial stage, and none are in the clinical phase of research.
Irreversible Kinase Inhibitors Targeting Cysteine Residues and their Applications in Cancer Therapy
Authors: Das Debasis , Hong Jian
Published: May 2020

Protein kinases are conserved enzymes that catalyse the phosphorylation process in cells.
They are recognized as the targets for many diseases. The FDA has approved many kinase inhibitors
for the treatment of cancer and confirmed kinases as relevant targets for drug discovery. Major approved
drugs are ATP competitive reversible non-covalent inhibitors that achieve selectivity by recognition
of specific binding pockets of targeted kinases. In recent years, scientists have paid attention on
developing irreversible covalent kinase inhibitors to achieve better selectivity, less toxicity and side effects.
Since 2013, seven Irreversible Kinase Inhibitors (IKIs), including; afatinib, ibrutinib, neratinib,
dacomitinib, osimertinib, acalabrutinib and zanubrutinib have been approved by the FDA for treatment
of severe diseases, like; Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC), Mantle Cell Lymphoma
(MCL) and HER2-positive breast cancer. These inhibitors target the cysteine residues of kinases.
Many IKIs that target cysteine residues are in clinical trials for different diseases and are yet to be
approved. We have reviewed the research done and efforts made for finding novel cysteine targeted
IKIs as drugs in the recent years.
A Systematic Review of Current Progresses in the Nucleic Acid-Based Therapies for Neurodegeneration with Implications for Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Ghaffari Maryam , Sanadgol Nima , Abdollahi Mohammad
Published: May 2020

Recently, manipulation of gene expression and switching genes on or off highlight the potential of nucleic acid-based therapies (NA-BTs). Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a common devastating neurodegenerative disease (NDs) responsible for 60-80% of all cases of dementia and predicted as a main public health concern among aged populations. The aim of this study was to outline the current research in the field of NA-BTs for the treatment of AD disabilities, including strategies to suppress the memory and learning defects, to promote recovery processes, and to reinforce social relationships in these patients. This review was performed via evaluating PubMed reported studies from January 2010 to November 2019. Also, reference lists were checked to find additional studies. All intermediation or complementarity of animal models, case-control and cohort studies, and controlled trials (CTs) on specific NA-BTs to AD were acceptable, although in vitro studies were excluded due to the considerable diversities and heterogeneities. After removing the duplicates according to preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) instruction, we merged remaining titles across search databases. There are 48 ongoing studies related to the application of nucleic acids in the treatment and diagnosis of AD where more consideration is given to DNA targeting strategies (18 targets for vectors and aptamers), antisense oligonucleotides (10 targets), micro-RNAs mimics (7 targets), antagomiRs (6 targets), small interferences-RNAs (5 targets), as well as mRNAs (2 targets) respectively. All of these targets are grouped into 4 categories according to their role in molecular pathways where amyloid-β (18 targets), neural survival (11 targets), memory and cognition (8 targets), and tau (3 targets) are more targeted pathways, respectively. With recent successes in the systemic delivery of nucleic acids via intravenous injection; it is worth investing in the production of new-generation medicines. There are still several challenges for NA-BTs including, their delivery to the effective modulators, mass production at low cost, sustaining efficacy and minimizing off‐target effects. Regarding miRNA-based therapies, given the obvious involvement of miRNAs in numerous facets of brain disease, and the many sophisticated techniques for delivery to the brain, miRNA-based therapies will make new hope for the treatment of neurological diseases such as AD.
Effects of Maternal Obesity On Placental Phenotype
Authors: Fowden A.L. , Camm E.J. , Sferruzzi-Perri A.N.
Published: May 2020

The incidence of obesity is rising rapidly worldwide with the consequence that more women
are entering pregnancy overweight or obese. This leads to an increased incidence of clinical complications
during pregnancy and of poor obstetric outcomes. The offspring of obese pregnancies are often
macrosomic at birth although there is also a subset of the progeny that are growth-restricted at term.
Maternal obesity during pregnancy is also associated with cardiovascular, metabolic and endocrine dysfunction
in the offspring later in life. As the interface between the mother and fetus, the placenta has a
central role in programming intrauterine development and is known to adapt its phenotype in response
to environmental conditions such as maternal undernutrition and hypoxia. However, less is known about
placental function in the abnormal metabolic and endocrine environment associated with maternal obesity
during pregnancy. This review discusses the placental consequences of maternal obesity induced
either naturally or experimentally by increasing maternal nutritional intake and/or changing the dietary
composition. It takes a comparative, multi-species approach and focusses on placental size, morphology,
nutrient transport, metabolism and endocrine function during the later stages of obese pregnancy. It also
examines the interventions that have been made during pregnancy in an attempt to alleviate the more
adverse impacts of maternal obesity on placental phenotype. The review highlights the potential role of
adaptations in placental phenotype as a contributory factor to the pregnancy complications and changes
in fetal growth and development that are associated with maternal obesity.
A Prospective Utilization of the Biomass for the Production of the Biodiesel
Authors: Verma Deepak , Jain Siddharth
Published: May 2020

:

Continuously growing environmental issues have become a significant problem in the
world. These ecological issues deteriorate our day to day life and are responsible for serious diseases.
Also, the growing industrialization of the world has steeply risen and demanding petroleum products
for their modernization. Economic development has also resulted in a considerable rise in energy
demand. Biodiesel, a less polluting and sustainable fuel replacing diesel, has been gaining significant
attention from researchers from all over the world. The utilization of vegetable oil and waste oil as
fuel is found to be less polluting than the petrochemical products. The fundamental problem in biodiesel
production is that it is more susceptible to oxidation, which results in increased viscosity of biodiesel
concerning time, which in turn creates the problem. Therefore this review paper is focused on
the current fossil fuel scenario concerning with respect to World and India along with the properties
of biodiesel resources and its production processes.
Survival Benefits of N-Acetylcysteine in Rodenticide Poisoning: Retrospective Evidence from an Indian Tertiary Care Setting
Authors: Mark Karen , Hyder Shabnam , Rashid Muhammed , Chandran Viji P. , Seshadri Shubha , Seshadri Sneha , Nair Sreedharan , Thunga Girish
Published: May 2020

Rationale & Objective:

Rodenticide poisoning, either accidental or intentional, is very
common in rural India. The absence of a definite antidote made it a major concern with a high mortality
rate. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effectiveness of N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC) in
rodenticide poisoning as there are recent positive shreds of evidence on it.

Methodology:

A retrospective study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital on patients
admitted with rodenticide poisoning during a period of 2012-2017. The Fischer’s exact test and
relative risk were measured to analyze the outcome of treatment and risk factors, respectively.

Results:

A total of 229 patients were enrolled in the study with a mean age of 30.04 ± 15.67 years.
The suicidal attack was the major (86.0%) reason for poison consumption. The survival rate was
significantly (p ≤ 0.03) higher in the NAC treatment group compared to the non-NAC group.
Moreover, the majority (93.4%) of participants did not experience any adverse effects. The mean
oral loading dose and maintenance dose was 7580.95 ± 2204.29 mg and 3694.53 ± 2322.58 mg,
respectively. Yellow Phosphorus poisoning (Relative Risk [RR] 2.888 (1.179-7.079); p=0.020) and
Time lag of ≥ 24 hours (RR 3.479 (1.137-10.645); p=0.029) were the significant risk factors for
mortality.

Conclusion:

NAC is shown to have a significant survival benefit with a good safety profile among
rodenticide poisoners. Further adequately powered prospective researches with more emphasis on
dosing parameters are warranted for better quantification in different settings and for clinical implementation.
Assessment of Ploy Dopamine Coated Fe3O4 Nanoparticles for Melanoma (B16-F10 and A-375) Cells Detection
Authors: Beigi Fahimeh H. , Fatahian Soheil , Shahbazi-Gahrouei Sogand , Shahbazi-Gahrouei Daryoush , Farzadniya Amin
Published: May 2020

Objective:

Polydopamine coated iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4@PDA NPs) were synthesized,
characterized, and their MR imaging contrast agents and photothermal potency were evaluated on melanoma
(B16-F10 and A-375) cells and normal skin cells. To this end, MTT assay, Fe concentration, and MR imaging of
both coated and uncoated NPs were assessed in C57BL/6 mice.

Methods:

Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized using co-precipitation, and coated with polydopamine. The
cytotoxicity of Fe3O4 and Fe3O4@PDA NPs on melanoma cells, with different concentrations, were obtained
using MTT assay. MR images and Fe concentrations of nanoprobe and nanoparticles were evaluated under in
vivo conditions.

Results:

Findings indicated that uncoated Fe3O4 showed the highest toxicity in animal (B16-F10) cells at
450μg/ml after 72h, while the highest toxicity in human (A-375) cells were observed at 350μg/ml. These
nanoparticles did not reveal any cytotoxicity to normal skin cells, despite having some toxicity features in A-375
cells. MR image signals in the tumor were low compared with other tissues. The iron concentration in the tumor
was higher than that of other organs.

Conclusion:

It is concluded that the cytotoxicity of Fe3O4@PDA was found to be significantly lower than uncoated
nanoparticles (p<0.001), which allows some positive effects on reducing toxicity. The prepared nanoprobe
may be used as a contrast agent in MR imaging.
Antihyperglycemic, Antihyperlipidemic and Antioxidant Effects of Cotula cinerea (Del) in Normal and Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Amssayef Ayoub , Eddouks Mohamed
Published: May 2020

Aims:

The current investigation aimed to assess the antioxidant, antidiabetic and antilipidemic
effects of the aqueous extract of aerial part of Cotula cinerea (C. cinerea).

Background:

Cotula cinerea (Del). which belongs to the Asteraceae family is commonly used traditionally
for the treatment of diabetes.

Objective:

The objective of the study was to study the effect of the aqueous C. cinerea extract on glucose
and lipid metabolism in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats using a single and repeated
oral administration.

Methods:

A preliminary phytochemical screening and the quantification of phenolic and flavonoid
contents as well as the antioxidant activity using three methods (DPPH, FRAP and ABTS) were carried
out. The effect of a single and repeated (15 days of treatment) oral administration of the aqueous
extract of aerial part of Cotula cinerea (AEAPCC) at a dose of 20 mg/kg on glucose and lipid profile
was examined in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Additionally, histopathological examination
of the pancreas and liver was carried out according to the Hematoxylin-Eosin method.

Results:

AEAPCC (20 mg/kg) showed a significant blood glucose-lowering activity in both normal
and diabetic rats after a single and repeated oral administration during 15 days. The aqueous extract
was also able to decrease the plasma triglycerides levels in both normal and diabetic rats after 15 days
of oral treatment at a dose of 20 mg/Kg while no effect was observed on plasma cholesterol levels. In
addition, the results show that AEAPCC exhibits an in vitro antioxidant activity using different tests.
Histopathological analysis of the pancreas and liver of AEAPCC-treated diabetic rats has revealed that
AEAPCC had a beneficial effect on the architecture of these organs while no improvement of glucose
tolerance was noticed using the glucose tolerance test. Furthermore, the results showed that the extract
is rich in several phytochemical compounds and exhibited an important antioxidant activity. The phytochemical
screening revealed that AEAPCC contains polyphenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins,
alkaloids, saponins, quinones, sterols, terpenoids, anthroquinones and reducing sugars. Whereas, it is
free from glycosides.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, this study demonstrates that Cotula cinerea possesses a beneficial effect on
diabetes. Further investigations are required to study the mechanism of action of the antidiabetic effect
of this plant.