bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From Childhood Trauma to Self‐Harm: An Investigation of Theoretical Pathways among Female Prisoners
Authors: Howard Ruth , Karatzias Thanos , Power Kevin , Mahoney Adam
Published: November 2016

Background

Despite empirical evidence suggesting complex associations between childhood trauma and self‐harm, there is a dearth of research investigating this association in the female prison population. The current study explored pathways to self‐harm following childhood trauma, by investigating the mediating roles of Post‐traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms, emotion regulation and dissociation, in this relationship, within a sample of 89 female prisoners.

Methods

Cross‐sectional, interview‐format, questionnaire study within a female prison population. Measures of childhood trauma, self‐harm, PTSD, emotion regulation and dissociation were administered.

Results

The majority of the sample (58.4%) reported history of self‐harm. Bootstrapped mediation analyses indicated an indirect effect of emotion regulation on the relationship between childhood trauma and self‐harm. An indirect effect was also found for PTSD arousal/reactivity cluster of symptoms. Multiple mediation analyses revealed that interactional effects were present for emotion regulation and arousal/reactivity, and emotion regulation and dissociation, respectively.

Conclusion

Self‐harm is highly prevalent among female prisoners. Interventions promoting emotion regulation and addressing arousal/reactivity symptoms following traumatization may provide an effective way of addressing this problem. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Key Practitioner Messages

Self‐harm is highly prevalent amongst female prisoners, occurring in 58.4% of this sample.

Emotion regulation and the arousal/reactivity symptom cluster of PTSD were found to mediate the relationship between childhood trauma and self‐harm, both independently and simultaneously. Emotion regulation and dissociation were found to interactionally mediate this relationship.

Strategies targeting emotion dysregulation and hyperarousal symptoms, amongst female prisoners who have experienced childhood trauma, may be helpful in reducing self‐harming behaviours.
CD44 as a Potential Screening Marker for Preliminary Differentiation Between Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemia Type II and Hereditary Spherocytosis
Authors: Singleton B. K. , Ahmed M. , Green C. A. , Heimpel H. , Woźniak M. J. , Ranjha L. , Seeney F. , Bomford A. , Mehta P. , Guest A. , Mushens R. , King M.‐J.
Published: November 2016

Background

Bone marrow examination has been the confirmatory test for congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type II (CDAII). Occasional spherocytes on peripheral blood smear can confound the diagnosis. Since a screening test is still unavailable, we explored the feasibility of using flow cytometry as a preliminary screening method.

Methods

Thirteen monoclonal antibodies with specificities for eight erythrocyte membrane proteins were used in FACS analysis to probe the cellular features of red cells from CDAII, normal adults, hereditary spherocytosis (HS), and cord red cells. Confocal microscopy was performed on normal and CDAII to determine the overall distribution of CD44 and CD47. Their expression levels on cultured erythroblasts were also analyzed.

Results

The densely stained band 3 as seen in CDAII in gel electrophoresis was also obtained for Dantu phenotype. Likewise analysis of CDAII cases (n = 26) using the eosin‐5′maleimide (EMA) binding test found 57% of patients giving results either positive or in the grey area for HS. Enhanced fluorescence of CD44 was detected in 96% of the CDAII patients, and anti‐CD47 binding was also elevated to a lesser degree. Although RNA expressions of CD44 and CD47 in the cultured erythroblasts of normal controls and CDAII were similar, confocal microscopy revealed more CDAII red cells giving elevated fluorescence than normal red cells.

Conclusions

A distinction between CDAII and HS can be made using the EMA Binding test and anti‐CD44 binding. Confirmation of CDAII can subsequently be made based on clinical presentation together with either bone marrow examination or DNA sequencing of SEC23B. © 2016 International Clinical Cytometry Society
A model of the extent and distribution of woody linear features in rural Great Britain
Authors: Scholefield Paul , Morton Dan , Rowland Clare , Henrys Peter , Howard David , Norton Lisa
Published: November 2016

Hedges and lines of trees (woody linear features) are important boundaries that connect and enclose habitats, buffer the effects of land management, and enhance biodiversity in increasingly impoverished landscapes. Despite their acknowledged importance in the wider countryside, they are usually not considered in models of landscape function due to their linear nature and the difficulties of acquiring relevant data about their character, extent, and location. We present a model which uses national datasets to describe the distribution of woody linear features along boundaries in Great Britain. The method can be applied for other boundary types and in other locations around the world across a range of spatial scales where different types of linear feature can be separated using characteristics such as height or width. Satellite‐derived Land Cover Map 2007 (LCM2007) provided the spatial framework for locating linear features and was used to screen out areas unsuitable for their occurrence, that is, offshore, urban, and forest areas. Similarly, Ordnance Survey Land‐Form PANORAMA®, a digital terrain model, was used to screen out where they do not occur. The presence of woody linear features on boundaries was modelled using attributes from a canopy height dataset obtained by subtracting a digital terrain map (DTM) from a digital surface model (DSM). The performance of the model was evaluated against existing woody linear feature data in Countryside Survey across a range of scales. The results indicate that, despite some underestimation, this simple approach may provide valuable information on the extents and locations of woody linear features in the countryside at both local and national scales.
A High‐Efficiency Single‐Phase Utility Interactive Inverter with an Active Power Decoupling Function and its Control Method
Authors: TOYAMA KEISUKE , SHIMIZU TOSHIHISA
Published: November 2016

The present paper introduces a single‐phase utility interactive inverter with a power decoupling function. In a conventional single‐phase inverter, power pulsation at twice the grid frequency appears in the input power. Hence, electrolytic capacitors having large capacitances have been connected to the DC input terminal to stabilize the input DC‐bus voltage. Because the lifetime of the electrolytic capacitor is relatively shorter than that of another component, the lifetime of the inverter is affected by the capacitor. In order to prevent such a problem, a novel single‐phase inverter circuit with an active power decoupling function is introduced. The pulsating power on the input DC‐bus line and the pulsated energy on the input DC capacitor is transferred to the energy in a small film capacitor. Hence, the extension of the inverter lifetime can be expected by substituting a small film capacitor for the large electrolytic capacitors. In addition, the loss in the power decoupling circuit is very small; hence, the reduction in the overall conversion efficiency of the inverter can be minimized. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified using a 300 W experimental setup.
A Low‐Speed, High‐Torque Motor Drive Using a Modular Multilevel Cascade Converter Based on Triple‐Star Bridge Cells (MMCC‐TSBC)
Authors: KAWAMURA WATARU , HAGIWARA MAKOTO , AKAGI HIROFUMI
Published: November 2016

This paper provides an experiment‐based discussion on a modular multilevel cascade converter based on triple‐star bridge cells (MMCC‐TSBC) for a low‐speed high‐torque motor drive. The TSBC is a direct ac‐to‐ac power converter capable of achieving bidirectional power flow as well as drawing and feeding three‐phase sinusoidal input (supply‐side) and output (motor‐side) currents with any power factor at both sides. This paper discusses active dc‐capacitor‐voltage control applied to the low‐speed, high‐torque motor drive. A specially designed downscaled system combining a 320‐V, 38‐Hz, 6‐pole, 15‐kW induction motor with a 400‐V, 15‐kW TSBC is constructed and tested to confirm the validity of the motor drive. Experimental waveforms obtained from the downscaled system confirm stable operation with the rated load torque across a range from a standstill to the rated speed, including satisfactory start‐up performance.
ac Breakdown Properties and Solidification States of Solidified Alcohol Aqueous Solutions
Authors: TSUCHIYA RYOHEI , MURAMOTO YUJI , SHIMIZU NORIYUKI
Published: November 2016

Electrical insulation system using ice at cryogenic temperature has been studied. Ice has excellent electrical breakdown strength at cryogenic temperature. However, electrical weak points such as voids or cracks are easily formed in ice. Therefore, we tried to suppress the formation of voids or cracks by mixture of alcohol. In this paper, ac breakdown voltages of ethylene glycol, 1,3‐propanediol, propylene glycol, or glycerin of solidified aqueous solutions were observed. The following results were obtained. (1) In many cases, the ac breakdown voltages of these solidified alcohol aqueous solutions were higher than that of ice. Average breakdown voltage of ethylene glycol shows the highest value among the tested solutions. It is 1.8 times higher than average value of ice. (2) In order to obtain high breakdown properties, it is necessary to adjust alcohol molar fraction so that solidification goes through sherbet‐like matter. (3) ac breakdown voltages of solidified aqueous solutions have very large dispersion. The breakdown voltage of solidified aqueous solution is clarified to be depending on the solidification state. (4) The solidification state of aqueous solution varies with alcohol concentration, cooling rate, and cooling time.
Impact of Postfault Active Power Recovery of Photovoltaic Power Generation on Transient Stability
Authors: KAWABE KENICHI , MATSUDA ISSEI , TANAKA KAZUYUKI
Published: November 2016

Currently, Japanese grid codes require photovoltaic (PV) power generation systems to continue supplying power to the grid as soon as possible even if the systems temporarily stop their operation. Although the fault ride‐through capability was originally proposed for preventing a cascading frequency drop in the power system, the capability has the impact on other instability phenomena such as transient stability. In this study, we focus on the postfault active power recovery of the PV systems. The impact of the recovery speed on the transient stability is investigated under different load conditions, in particular static/dynamic load condition. Numerical examples are carried out for the one‐machine one‐load infinite‐bus system, and the effects of the recovery speed are evaluated by equal area criterion and critical clearing time. As a result, we have found both desirable and undesirable effects on the transient stability depending on the load condition.
Investigation of Water Tree Degradation in Dry‐Cured and Extruded Three‐Layer (E‐E Type) 6.6‐kV Removed XLPE Cables
Authors: KURIHARA TAKASHI , TSUTSUI EIJI , NAKANISHI EIJI , MAKI KIYOSHI , MURAKAWA KENICHI , MORIMOTO KOJI , TAKAHASHI TOSHIHIRO , OKAMOTO TATSUKI
Published: November 2016

Dry‐cured and extruded three‐layer (E‐E type) 6.6‐kV cross‐linked polyethylene (XLPE) cables were introduced into electric power systems more than 30 years ago, but they do not experience failures because of water tree degradation. Also, the degradation index of water treeing for these cables has not been established. Therefore, investigating results of residual breakdown voltage and water tree degradation of these cables will help us plan for cable replacement and determine water tree degradation diagnosis scheduling, and will be fundamental data for cable lifetime evaluation. In this study, the authors measured the ac breakdown voltages of dry‐cured and E‐E type 6.6‐kV XLPE cables removed after 18 to 25 years of operation and observed the water trees in their XLPE insulation. As a result, it was observed that breakdown voltages were larger than the maximum operating voltage (6.9 kV) and the ac voltage for the dielectric withstanding test (10.3 kV). Water trees were mainly bow‐tie water trees and their maximum length was approximately 1 mm. Although the number of measured cables was limited, the lifetime of this type of cable was estimated to be approximately 40 years, even experiencing water immersion.
A LRT Control Method Using Sensor Information in Distribution Systems with a Large Amount of PVs and EVs
Authors: NOSE YOTARO , TSUJI TAKAO , OYAMA TSUTOMU , ITO TAKAHARU , ABE KATSUYA , MINAMI MASAHIRO , ISHIBASHI KAZUNARI
Published: November 2016

It is of prime importance to maintain voltage profile within the proper range in distribution systems with a large amount of photovoltaics and electric vehicles (EVs). In particular, there is a possibility that line drop compensation (LDC) logic, which is utilized for the control of load ratio tap transformer (LRT) does not work properly when reverse power flow is included partially. Hence, in this paper, we have developed a new LRT control method based on the sensor information supposing that some section switchgears with sensors are introduced in the future distribution systems. Specifically, the extreme value of voltage profile is estimated by convergence calculation in the section between the section switchgear with sensor and LRT. Moreover, the voltage at the end node can be estimated by LDC method using sensor information of section switchgear. The proposed method was tested using a distribution system model and its effectiveness was shown.
Heterometallic [Cu2Ln3] (Ln = DyIII, GdIII and HoIII) and [Cu4Ln2] (Ln = DyIII and HoIII) Compounds: Synthesis, Structure, and Magnetism
Authors: Biswas Sourav , Bag Prasenjit , Das Sourav , Kundu Subrata , van Leusen Jan , Kögerler Paul , Chandrasekhar Vadapalli
Published: November 2016

The syntheses, structures, and magnetic properties of the penta‐ and hexanuclear 3d/4f complexes [Ln3Cu2(LH)4(MeOH)]ClO4 [Ln = DyIII (1), GdIII (2), and HoIII (3)] and [Ln2Cu4(LH)4](ClO4)2 [Ln = DyIII (4) and HoIII (5)] are reported. These complexes are assembled from the ligand 2,2′‐{2‐hydroxy‐3‐[(2‐hydroxyphenylimino)methyl]‐5‐methylbenzylazanediyl}diethanol (LH4); four triply deprotonated ligands are involved in the formation of these complexes. In spite of the different nuclearities, some structural features are common. In both of the families, the metal ions are connected to each other by two bridging oxygen atoms, which emanate from either an ethoxide group or a phenolate group of [LH]3–. Detailed magnetochemical analyses of 1–5 indicate that 1 and 5 display temperature‐dependent out‐of‐phase signals up to 12 K in the absence of a direct‐current (dc) field; therefore, these compounds are single‐molecule magnets.
Adopt 3 ideas for supporting international graduate student success
Authors: Pavlik Amelia
Published: November 2016

Coming to a new country where you don't speak the language or know the customs can be tough — now imagine that you are also expected to earn a degree. Welcome to the world of many international graduate students.
Consider 25 retention questions and recommendations
Authors: Dennis Marguerite J.
Published: November 2016

In last month's article, I shared with you several retention strategies to increase enrollment. This month, I will share with you 25 specific retention questions and recommendations. This is, by no means, a complete list. But it is a start and I trust that some of these questions and suggestions will be useful to your college or university.
Linking program planning to market needs for high job‐placement rates
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: November 2016

VANCOUVER, British Columbia — Building programs that attract high enrollment for both your institution and the program can be difficult with limited resources. However, robust academic program planning is part of shaping a bright future for your institution. Being nimble enough to meet student needs and workforce demands can be a challenge for an institution of higher education, but there are ways to develop program planning in alignment with resources and evolving demand.
Make better use of data across the student life cycle
Authors: Wymbs Clifford
Published: November 2016

Enrollment management has become the critical touch point where the provider of the service (the university) and the consumer of it (the prospective or current student) interact. As this interface becomes more and more digital in nature, the amount of information recorded is increasing exponentially and can be more intensely mined via analytics to produce increasingly valuable business intelligence and improved decision‐making. Insights gained can be applied both to better guide students through their academic journey with improved course, major, and employment decision‐making and to enhance university‐measured outcomes of revenues and student retention. Many enrollment managers can make better use of data in the following four ways.
Find ways to show students the relevance of your campus despite competition
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: November 2016

Stephanie Krah had no plans to go into higher education enrollment management or student affairs. With an associate degree in cardiovascular technology, a bachelor's degree in exercise science, and a master's degree in public health, going into the health sciences was her immediate plan after graduate school. Krah's plans changed when she was working as a graduate minority assistant at the University of Toledo in the Office of Student Judicial Affairs and Greek Life while preparing to start her Ph.D. in health education.
Inhibition of epithelial–mesenchymal transition by cetuximab via the EGFR‐GEP100‐Arf6‐AMAP1 pathway in head and neck cancer
Authors: Matsumoto Yoshifumi , Sakurai Hiroyuki , Kogashiwa Yasunao , Kimura Toru , Matsumoto Yuma , Shionome Takashi , Asano Masatake , Saito Koichiro , Kohno Naoyuki
Published: November 2016

Background

Despite improved survival by the addition of a monoclonal antibody against epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), cetuximab, to chemotherapy or radiotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN), cetuximab by itself is not a potent antiproliferative agent against SCCHN. We aimed to elucidate working mechanism of cetuximab in SCCHN.

Methods

The effect of cetuximab on the proliferation, migration, invasion, epithelial‐mesenchymal transition, and signaling events downstream of the EGFR were investigated in 4 SCCHN cell lines. The in vivo efficacy of cetuximab was evaluated in a xenotransplant model.

Results

Cetuximab inhibited migration, invasion, epithelial‐mesenchymal transition, and lymph node metastasis by suppressing EGFR‐GEP100‐Arf6‐AMAP1 pathway, but it did not inhibit cancer cell proliferation.

Conclusion

The improved survival by the addition of cetuximab is likely to be attributable to the antiepithelial‐mesenchymal transition action of cetuximab via inhibiting EGFR‐GEP100‐Arf6‐AMAP1 pathway. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 476–485, 2017
First‐line therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia in patients older than 79 years is feasible and achieves good results: A FILO retrospective study
Authors: Meunier Godelieve , Ysebaert Loic , Nguyen‐Thi Phi Linh , Lepretre Stéphane , Quinquenel Anne , Dupuis Jehan , Lemal Richard , Aurran Thérèse , Tomowiak Cécile , Cymbalista Florence , Dilhuydy Marie Sarah , Brion Annie , Morel Pierre , Cazin Bruno , Leblond Véronique , Cartron Guillaume , Ré Daniel , Béné Marie Christine , Michallet Anne Sophie , Feugier Pierre
Published: November 2016

The mean age at diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is 72 years, with 22.8% of patients being older than 80 years. However, the elderly are underrepresented in clinical studies of CLL. We performed a retrospective study of CLL patients aged 80 years or older at the initiation of first‐line therapy in hospitals affiliated with the French intergroup on CLL (French Innovative Leukemia Organization) between 2003 and 2013. Here, we describe the clinical and biological characteristics, treatment, and outcomes for 201 patients. The median age of the cohort was 83.2 years (80–92 years). The median Cumulative Index Rating Scale comorbidity score was 5 and the median creatinine clearance was 48 mL/min (Cockcroft‐Gault formula). At treatment initiation, Binet stage was A (26.4%), B (27.9%), or C (40.3%). Therapy consisted mainly of chlorambucil (65.7%), bendamustine (10.5%), and rituximab (44.3%) as follows: chlorambucil alone (45.3%) or immunochemotherapy (48.3%) with rituximab + chlorambucil (22.7%), rituximab + bendamustine (10.4%), or rituximab + cyclophosphamide + dexamethasone (5.5%). The overall response rate was 66.2% with 31.8% clinical complete remission. The median overall and progression‐free survival from treatment initiation was 53.7 and 18.3 months, respectively. These results suggest that treatment is feasible in this age group, even with immunochemotherapy. Thus, prospective trials should target this population and oncogeriatric evaluation and new targeted therapies should be part of such future trials.
Youth and the Great Recession: Are values, achievement orientation and outlook to the future affected?
Authors: Schoon Ingrid , Mortimer Jeylan
Published: November 2016

This special section brings together leading experts in psychology and sociology to examine the consequences of the Great Recession for young people's values, achievement orientation, and outlook to the future. Evidence from Europe and the United States suggests that the impact of the recession varies for distinct outcomes and by age, the latter pointing to potential sensitive periods for interventions. Although the direct effects of the recession are not strong, they accelerate pre‐existing trends towards more prolonged and precarious transitions to independence, and are likely to bring with them long‐term scarring with respect to health and well‐being. While feelings of self‐confidence and self‐worth have eroded, young people continue to subscribe to the “American Dream,” the belief that in principle it is possible to make it – even if limitations to one's own capabilities are recognised. Trust in institutions has declined, but support and concern for others have increased, suggesting that in times of economic hardship and uncertainty social relationships become more salient. Young people's response to the recession appears to be less of a “me‐first” reaction than “let's help each other”: a form of “collective agency” to counter the inadequacy of social safety nets.
Regulation of the placental BCRP transporter by PPAR gamma
Authors: Lin Yixin , Bircsak Kristin M. , Gorczyca Ludwik , Wen Xia , Aleksunes Lauren M.
Published: November 2016

Identifying regulators of placental breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) expression is critical as downregulation of this transporter may increase exposure of the fetus to xenobiotics. Here, we sought to test whether the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ) regulates BCRP expression in the placenta. To test this, human BeWo placental choriocarcinoma cells were cultured with the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone or the PPARγ antagonist T0070907 for 24 h. Messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of syncytialization markers, GCM1 and hCGβ, as well as BCRP increased with PPARγ agonist treatment. Conversely, BCRP mRNA and protein expression decreased 30%–50% with PPARγ antagonist treatment. Rosiglitazone enhanced BCRP protein expression and transport activity, resulting in a 20% greater efflux of the substrate Hoechst 33342 compared with control cells. These results suggest that PPARγ can upregulate BCRP expression in the placenta, which may be important in understanding mechanisms that protect the fetus from xenobiotic exposure during development.
Clients’ Retrospective Accounts of Corrective Experiences in Psychotherapy: An International, Multisite Collaboration
Authors: Constantino Michael J. , Angus Lynne
Published: November 2016

This article introduces a series of 4 original research reports that used varied qualitative methods for understanding an internationally diverse sample of clients’ own accounts of corrective experiences (CEs), as they looked back on their completed psychotherapy. The basis for all studies, which were conducted across 4 different countries, was the Patients’ Perceptions of Corrective Experiences in Individual Therapy (PPCEIT) semistructured interview protocol (Constantino, Angus, Friedlander, Messer, & Moertl, 2011). The PPCEIT interview assesses clients’ retrospective accounts of aspects of self, other, and/or relationships that may have been corrected, and what they perceived as corrective experiences that facilitated such transformations. It also asks for specific, detailed examples of these accounts and experiences. Across all studies, the PPCEIT interview generated rich clinical material and resulting empirically generated themes that may inform clinical practice. After briefly defining the CE construct and highlighting a lack of research on clients’ own accounts of such experiences, we describe the development of the PPCEIT interview (and provide the full interview manual and question protocol as appendices). We then summarize the foci of the culturally diverse reports in this series.
Transient Distention of Right Posterior Located Sigma, a New Sonographic Sign for the Prenatal Diagnosis of Anal Atresia
Authors: Bronshtein Moshe , Gover Ayala , Beloosesky Ron , Blumenfeld Zeev
Published: November 2016

We describe a new sonographic sign for the detection of anal atresia in the early midtrimester on transvaginal sonography. In six cases of fetal anal atresia, the finding of a transient, distended, and right‐sided sigmoid colon was observed at 13–16 weeks' gestation. Three cases have undergone pregnancy termination due to multiple anomalies. In the other three, the colonic distension resolved by 19 weeks' gestation. In two of these, the finding was isolated, and no other anomalies were detected. In all six cases, anal atresia or cloaca was confirmed on postabortal autopsy or after delivery. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 45:160–162, 2017
The Impact of Customer Relationship Management Systems in Small Business Enterprises
Authors: Wynn Martin , Turner Phillip , Banik Amitave , Duckworth Gary
Published: November 2016

The implementation of new customer systems can be a major challenge for small businesses, but they can deliver significant benefits when accompanied by appropriate staff upskilling and associated process improvements.
Impact of Broadband Internet Technologies on Business Performance of Irish SMEs
Authors: Doherty Eileen , Ramsey Elaine , Harrigan Paul , Ibbotson Pat
Published: November 2016

SMEs’ adoption and use of broadband technology is driving both day‐to‐day efficiencies and strategic developments.
In Vitro Drug and Gene Delivery Using Random Cationic Copolymers Forming Stable and pH‐Sensitive Polymersomes
Authors: Laskar Partha , Dey Joykrishna , Banik Payel , Mandal Mahitosh , Ghosh Sudip Kumar
Published: November 2016

Stimuli‐sensitive polymeric vesicles or polymersomes as self‐assembled colloidal nanocarriers have received paramount importance for their integral role as delivery system for therapeutics and biotherapeutics. This work describes spontaneous polymersome formation at pH 7, as evidenced by surface tension, steady state fluorescence, dynamic light scattering, and microscopic studies, by three hydrophilic random cationic copolymers synthesized using N,N‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEM) and methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) monomethacrylate in different mole ratios. The results suggest that methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) chains constitute the bilayer membrane of the polymersomes and DMAEM projects toward water constituting the positively charged surface. The polymersomes have been observed to release their encapsulated guest at acidic pH as a result of transformation into polymeric micelles. All these highly biocompatible cationic polymers show successful gene transfection ability as nonviral vector on human cell line with different potential. Thus these polymers prove their utility as a potential delivery system for hydrophilic model drug as well as genetic material.

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On the advancement and software support of decision‐making in focused ultrasound therapy
Authors: Scherrer Alexander , Jakobsson Stefan , Küfer Karl‐Heinz
Published: November 2016

Focused ultrasound therapy (FUS) is a modern and promising way for minimally invasive cancer treatment. Recent advances in treatment technology, bio‐physical models, and numerical simulation methods have given rise to a significant curative potential. However, clinical routine of FUS still features classical planning approaches, which widely fail in exploiting this potential. The structure of FUS planning problems strongly suggests interactive multi‐criteria decision‐making concepts in order to improve treatment quality. This research work introduces an multi‐criteria decision‐making approach to FUS planning and explains how to bridge the conceptual gap between the clinical state of the art and this new planning paradigm.
Progesterone receptor and prostaglandins mediate luteinizing hormone‐induced changes in messenger RNAs for ADAMTS proteases in theca cells of bovine periovulatory follicles
Authors: Willis Erin L. , Bridges Phillip J. , Fortune Joanne E.
Published: November 2016

Little is known about the ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) family of extracellular proteases in ovarian follicles of non‐rodent species, particularly in theca cells. In the present study, temporal changes in the abundance of mRNA encoding four ADAMTS subtypes and hormonal regulation of mRNA encoding two subtypes were investigated in theca interna cells during the periovulatory period in cattle. Gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) was injected into animals to induce a luteinizing hormone (LH)/follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) surge, and follicles were obtained at 0 hr post‐GnRH (preovulatory) or at 6, 12, 18, or 24 hr (periovulatory). ADAMTS1, ‐2, ‐7, and ‐9 transcript abundance was then determined in the isolated theca interna. ADAMTS1 and ‐9 mRNA levels were up‐regulated at 24 hr post‐GnRH, whereas ADAMTS2 mRNA was higher at 12–24 hr post‐GnRH and ADAMTS7 mRNA increased transiently at 12 hr post‐GnRH compared to other time points. Subsequent in vitro experiments using preovulatory theca interna (0 hr post‐GnRH) showed that application of LH in vitro can mimic the effects of the gonadotropin surge on mRNAs encoding ADAMTS1 and ‐9 and that progesterone/progesterone receptor and/or prostaglandins may regulate the levels of mRNA encoding ADAMTS1 and ‐9 in theca interna, downstream of the LH surge. Time‐ and subtype‐specific changes in ADAMTS mRNA abundance in vivo, and their regulation in vitro by hormones, indicate that ADAMTS family members produced by theca cells may play important roles in follicle rupture and the accompanying tissue remodeling in cattle. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 84: 55–66, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Modeling nonlinear response of fractured rocks and reservoirs
Authors: Berryman James G.
Published: November 2016

Since the early work of Athey (1930), there have been many attempts to describe the various nonlinear behaviors of rocks and soils in terms of functionals having only a few parameters, while nevertheless being able to fit the complicated available data with satisfactory accuracy. Such approaches have not been universally applied however, and the present analyses are intended to draw attention to the possibility of using such nonlinear fitting methods on old as well as new data sets. In particular, some special emphasis is placed here on re‐examining the well‐known laboratory data of Coyner (1984) on rocks in light of such modeling tools, and we find that the nonlinear approach again has several clear advantages – especially in terms of reducing the number of variables needed to describe the observed behavior of both bulk modulus and porosity of rocks undergoing large changes in pressure. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Power of Biocatalysis: A One‐Pot Total Synthesis of Rhamnolipids from Butane as the Sole Carbon and Energy Source
Authors: Gehring Christian , Wessel Mirja , Schaffer Steffen , Thum Oliver
Published: November 2016

Microbially derived surfactants, so‐called biosurfactants, have drawn much attention in recent years and are expected to replace current petrochemical surfactants, owing to their environmental and toxicological benefits. One strategy to support that goal is to reduce production costs by replacing relatively expensive sugars with cheaper raw materials, such as short‐chain alkanes. Herein, we report the successful one‐pot total synthesis of rhamnolipids, a class of biosurfactants with 12 stereocenters, from butane as sole carbon and energy source through the design of a tailored whole‐cell biocatalyst.
Direct Analysis in Real‐time Mass Spectrometry for Rapid Identification of Traditional Chinese Medicines with Coumarins as Primary Characteristics
Authors: Chen Zhiyong , Yang Yuanyuan , Tao Hongxun , Liao Liping , Li Ye , Zhang Zijia
Published: November 2016

Introduction

The increasing popularity of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) necessitates rapid and reliable methods for controlling their quality. Direct analysis in real‐time mass spectrometry (DART‐MS) represents a novel approach to analysing TCMs.

Objective

To develop a quick and reliable method of identifying TCMs with coumarins as primary characteristics.

Methodology

DART‐MS coupled with ion trap mass spectrometry was employed to rapidly identify TCMs with coumarins as primary characteristics and to explore the ionisation mechanisms of simple coumarins, furocoumarins and pyranocoumarins in detail. With minimal sample pretreatment, mass spectra of Fraxini Cortex, Angelicae Pubescentis Radix, Peucedani Radix and Psoraleae Fructus samples were obtained within seconds. The operating parameters of the DART ion source (e.g. grid electrode voltage and ionisation gas temperature) were carefully investigated to obtain high‐quality mass spectra. The mass spectra of samples and DART‐MS/MS spectra of marker compounds were used to identify sample materials.

Results

Successful authentication was achieved by analysing the same materials of different origins. Some simple coumarins, furocoumarins and pyranocoumarins can be directly detected by DART‐MS as marker compounds.

Conclusion

Our results demonstrated that DART‐MS can provide a rapid and reliable method for the identification of TCMs containing different configurations of coumarins; the method may also be applicable to other plants. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ENVI‐PV: an interactive Web Client for multi‐criteria life cycle assessment of photovoltaic systems worldwide
Authors: Pérez‐López Paula , Gschwind Benoît , Blanc Philippe , Frischknecht Rolf , Stolz Philippe , Durand Yvonnick , Heath Garvin , Ménard Lionel , Blanc Isabelle
Published: November 2016

Solar photovoltaics (PV) is the second largest source of new capacity among renewable energies. The worldwide capacity encompassed 135 GW in 2013 and is estimated to increase to 1721 GW in 2030 and 4674 GW in 2050, according to a prospective high‐renewable scenario. To achieve this production level while minimizing environmental impacts, decision makers must have access to environmental performance data that reflect their high spatial variability accurately. We propose ENVI‐PV (http://viewer.webservice‐energy.org/project_iea), a new interactive tool that provides maps and screening level data, based on weighted average supply chains, for the environmental performance of common PV technologies. Environmental impacts of PV systems are evaluated according to a life cycle assessment approach. ENVI‐PV was developed using a state‐of‐the‐art interoperable and open standard Web Service framework from the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC). It combines the latest life cycle inventories, published in 2015 by the International Energy Agency (IEA) under the Photovoltaic Power Systems Program (PVPS) Task 12, and some inventories previously published from Ecoinvent v2.2 database with solar irradiation estimates computed from the worldwide NASA SSE database. ENVI‐PV is the first tool to propose a worldwide coverage of environmental performance of PV systems using a multi‐criteria assessment. The user can compare the PV environmental performance to the environmental footprint of country electricity mixes. ENVI‐PV is designed as an environmental interactive tool to generate PV technological options and evaluate their performance in different spatial and techno‐economic contexts. Its potential applications are illustrated in this paper with several examples. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhanced stability of low temperature processed perovskite solar cells via augmented polaronic intensity of hole transporting layer
Authors: Arafat Mahmud Md. , Kumar Elumalai Naveen , Baishakhi Upama Mushfika , Wang Dian , Haque Faiazul , Wright Matthew , Howe Chan Kah , Xu Cheng , Uddin Ashraf
Published: November 2016

The commercial mass production of perovskite solar cells requires full compatibility with roll‐to‐roll processing with enhanced device stability. In line with this, the present work addresses following issues simultaneously from multiple fronts: (i) low temperature processed (140 °C) ZnO is used as electron transport layer (ETL) for fabricating the mixed organic cation based perovskite solar cells, (ii) the expensive hole transporting layer (HTL) spiro‐OMeTAD is replaced with F4TCNQ doped P3HT and (iii) the fabrication method does not incorporate the dopant TBP which is known to induce degradation processes in perovskite layer. All the devices under study were fabricated in ambient conditions. The F4TCNQ doped P3HT (HTL) based devices exhibits 14 times higher device stability compared to the conventional Li‐TFSI/TBP doped P3HT devices. The underlying mechanism behind the enhanced device lifetime in F4TCNQ doped P3HT (HTL) based devices was investigated via in‐depth electronic, ionic and polaronic characterization. The enhanced polaronic property in F4TCNQ doped P3HT HTL device ascertains its superior hole extraction and electron blocking capability; and consequently higher stability retained even after a month of ageing.

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Distributed adaptive control for vehicular platoon with unknown dead‐zone inputs and velocity/acceleration disturbances
Authors: Guo Xiang‐Gui , Wang Jian Liang , Liao Fang , Teo Rodney Swee Huat
Published: November 2016

This paper is focused on designing a distributed adaptive control scheme for a vehicular platoon with unknown bounded velocity/acceleration disturbances and unknown nonlinear dead‐zone inputs. Our aim is to design distributed adaptive controllers based on integral sliding mode control techniques that guarantee practical exponential convergence (i.e., exponential stability of an arbitrarily small neighborhood of zero) of the spacing errors and the string stability of the whole vehicular platoon. The contributions of this paper are that: (i) based on a modified constant time headway policy, the whole vehicular platoon is guaranteed to have string stability despite dead zone inputs; (ii) adaptive compensation terms are constructed to compensate for the time‐variant effects caused by unknown bounded velocity/acceleration disturbances, and unknown dead zone inputs; (iii) an efficient numerical method for avoiding the singularity problem of the control law is also proposed. Numerical simulation results show the validity and advantages of the proposed method are significantly higher traffic density and string stability. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Life cycle of engagement model boosts enrollment, advancement, student success
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: November 2016

Organizational thresholds, the joints where one aspect of the university fits into another, can sometimes be the weakest link when providing services to constituents. But those joints can also be the most important. One university investigated how to improve those distinct units and the connecting transition points while boosting service along the way. Calling it a life cycle of engagement, the university set out to infuse a student service ethic into its advancement and alumni operations and a philanthropic ethic from advancement into its student services culture.
Collaborate to design a campus that promotes mental health for all
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: November 2016

VANCOUVER, British Columbia — Does your campus layout and design offer students the most mentally healthy option for their college experience? The environment in which students live and learn can influence both mental health and academic performance. That's why you, as a disability services provider, can be a valuable part of facilities planning and redesign teams.
Did student‐athlete have a defamation case against a national magazine?
Authors: Gelpi Aileen
Published: November 2016

Sports Illustrated published a highly critical article in March 2012 about the University of California, Los Angeles men's basketball program.
Cluster detection of spatial regression coefficients
Authors: Lee Junho , Gangnon Ronald E. , Zhu Jun
Published: November 2016

Popular approaches to spatial cluster detection, such as the spatial scan statistic, are defined in terms of the responses. Here, we consider a varying‐coefficient regression and spatial clusters in the regression coefficients. For varying‐coefficient regression, such as the geographically weighted regression, different regression coefficients are obtained for different spatial units. It is often of interest to the practitioners to identify clusters of spatial units with distinct patterns in a regression coefficient, but there is no formal statistical methodology for that. Rather, cluster identification is often ad‐hoc such as by eyeballing the map of fitted regression coefficients and discerning patterns. In this paper, we develop new methodology for spatial cluster detection in the regression setting based on hypotheses testing. We evaluate our methods in terms of power and coverages for true clusters via simulation studies. For illustration, our methodology is applied to a cancer mortality dataset. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nanomembrane‐Based, Thermal‐Transport Biosensor for Living Cells
Authors: ElAfandy Rami T. , AbuElela Ayman F. , Mishra Pawan , Janjua Bilal , Oubei Hassan M. , Büttner Ulrich , Majid Mohammed A. , Ng Tien Khee , Merzaban Jasmeen S. , Ooi Boon S.
Published: November 2016

Knowledge of materials' thermal‐transport properties, conductivity and diffusivity, is crucial for several applications within areas of biology, material science and engineering. Specifically, a microsized, flexible, biologically integrated thermal transport sensor is beneficial to a plethora of applications, ranging across plants physiological ecology and thermal imaging and treatment of cancerous cells, to thermal dissipation in flexible semiconductors and thermoelectrics. Living cells pose extra challenges, due to their small volumes and irregular curvilinear shapes. Here a novel approach of simultaneously measuring thermal conductivity and diffusivity of different materials and its applicability to single cells is demonstrated. This technique is based on increasing phonon‐boundary‐scattering rate in nanomembranes, having extremely low flexural rigidities, to induce a considerable spectral dependence of the bandgap‐emission over excitation‐laser intensity. It is demonstrated that once in contact with organic or inorganic materials, the nanomembranes' emission spectrally shift based on the material's thermal diffusivity and conductivity. This NM‐based technique is further applied to differentiate between different types and subtypes of cancer cells, based on their thermal‐transport properties. It is anticipated that this novel technique to enable an efficient single‐cell thermal targeting, allow better modeling of cellular thermal distribution and enable novel diagnostic techniques based on variations of single‐cell thermal‐transport properties.
Microstructure and Properties’ Evaluation of W18Cr4V Modified by Fe–Zr–Nb–N–B Nano‐Powder Inoculants
Authors: Cui Chunxiang , Gao Hefei , Zhao Lichen
Published: November 2016

High speed steel (HSS) is widely used in the production of high‐speed cutting tools and roll etc. Fe–Nb–Zr–N–B amorphous nanocrystalline powder inoculants are designed and prepared by melt and ball‐milling. The carbides in inoculants are easy to act as the nucleus of heterogeneous nucleation during the solidification of the HSS melt, which can refine the grain size of as‐cast HSS significantly. At the same time, it can further improve the morphology and distribution of carbides in the HSS matrix. The phase composition of rapid solidified Fe–Nb–Zr–N–B inoculants is analyzed using XRD and TEM. With the addition of Fe–Nb–Zr–N–B inoculant, the grain size of as‐cast HSS refined evidently, the Net thickness and dendritic spacing decrease obviously, simultaneously, the distribution of the carbides in HSS matrix is more homogeneous. That results lead to a significant improvement of the microstructure and mechanical properties of the HSS. The grain size of HSS in quench state decreases obviously after inoculation treatment with Fe–Nb–Zr–N–B. Meanwhile, the hardness and red hardness as well as the abrasion performance are improved obviously.
Exact prior‐free probabilistic inference in a class of non‐regular models
Authors: Martin Ryan , Lin Yi
Published: November 2016

Standard statistical methods, such as maximum likelihood, are often justified based on their asymptotic properties. For suitably regular models, this theory is standard, but when the model is non‐regular, for example, the support depends on the parameter, these asymptotic properties may be difficult to assess. Recently, an inferential model (IM) framework has been developed that provides valid prior‐free probabilistic inference without the need for asymptotic justification. In this paper, we construct an IM for a class of highly non‐regular models with parameter‐dependent support. This construction requires conditioning, which is facilitated through solving a particular differential equation. We prove that the plausibility intervals derived from this IM are exact, and we demonstrate, via simulations, that their exactness does not come at the cost of loss of efficiency. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.