bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Corroboration of the Toms effect from a frictional drag reducing self-polishing copolymer
Authors: Park Hyun , Cho Donghyun , Ha Jong-Woon , Hwang Do-Hoon , Park Ra Hui , Seo Hwawon , Lee Inwon
Published: June 2023

A novel frictional drag reducing self-polishing copolymer (FDR-SPC) was first developed by the authors. The FDR-SPC is a special derivative of an SPC that was designed to achieve skin frictional drag reduction in turbulent water flow by releasing polyethylene glycol (PEG) into water through a hydrolysis reaction. Thus, the FDR-SPC coating acts as a continuous medium accommodating countless, molecular-level polymer injectors. However, direct evidence of such PEG release has not yet been demonstrated. Here, we report the results of in situ PEG concentration measurement based on the planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) method. Polyethylene glycol methacrylate (PEGMA) was probed by the fluorescent functional material dansyl, and the fluorescence intensity from dansyl-PEG was then measured to quantify the concentration in the flow. The near-wall concentration of dansyl-PEG is observed to range from 1 to 2 ppm depending on the flow speed, which corroborates the existence of a drag reducing function for the FDR-SPC. In the concurrent measurement of skin friction, the present FDR-SPC specimen exhibited a skin friction reduction ratio of 9.49% at the freestream flow speed $$U=5m/s$$

U
=
5
m
/
s

. In the comparative experiment of dansyl-PEGMA solution injection, the skin friction was found to decrease by 11.9%, which is in reasonable accordance with that for the FDR-SPC.
Physiological activation of human and mouse bitter taste receptors by bile acids
Authors: Ziegler Florian , Steuer Alexandra , Di Pizio Antonella , Behrens Maik
Published: June 2023

Beside the oral cavity, bitter taste receptors are expressed in several non-gustatory tissues. Whether extra-oral bitter taste receptors function as sensors for endogenous agonists is unknown. To address this question, we devised functional experiments combined with molecular modeling approaches to investigate human and mouse receptors using a variety of bile acids as candidate agonists. We show that five human and six mouse receptors are responsive to an array of bile acids. Moreover, their activation threshold concentrations match published data of bile acid concentrations in human body fluids, suggesting a putative physiological activation of non-gustatory bitter receptors. We conclude that these receptors could serve as sensors for endogenous bile acid levels. These results also indicate that bitter receptor evolution may not be driven solely by foodstuff or xenobiotic stimuli, but also depend on endogenous ligands. The determined bitter receptor activation profiles of bile acids now enable detailed physiological model studies.
Mesenchymal properties of iPSC-derived neural progenitors that generate undesired grafts after transplantation
Authors: Isoda Miho , Sanosaka Tsukasa , Tomooka Ryo , Mabuchi Yo , Shinozaki Munehisa , Andoh-Noda Tomoko , Banno Satoe , Mizota Noriko , Yamaguchi Ryo , Okano Hideyuki , Kohyama Jun
Published: June 2023

Although neural stem/progenitor cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC-NS/PCs) are expected to be a cell source for cell-based therapy, tumorigenesis of hiPSC-NS/PCs is a potential problem for clinical applications. Therefore, to understand the mechanisms of tumorigenicity in NS/PCs, we clarified the cell populations of NS/PCs. We established single cell-derived NS/PC clones (scNS/PCs) from hiPSC-NS/PCs that generated undesired grafts. Additionally, we performed bioassays on scNS/PCs, which classified cell types within parental hiPSC-NS/PCs. Interestingly, we found unique subsets of scNS/PCs, which exhibited the transcriptome signature of mesenchymal lineages. Furthermore, these scNS/PCs expressed both neural (PSA-NCAM) and mesenchymal (CD73 and CD105) markers, and had an osteogenic differentiation capacity. Notably, eliminating CD73+ CD105+ cells from among parental hiPSC-NS/PCs ensured the quality of hiPSC-NS/PCs. Taken together, the existence of unexpected cell populations among NS/PCs may explain their tumorigenicity leading to potential safety issues of hiPSC-NS/PCs for future regenerative medicine.
Structure determination of a low-crystallinity covalent organic framework by three-dimensional electron diffraction
Authors: Zhou Guojun , Yang Taimin , Huang Zhehao
Published: June 2023

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have been attracting intense research due to their permanent porosity, designable architecture, and high stability. However, COFs are challenging to crystallize and their synthesis often results in tiny crystal sizes and low crystallinities, which hinders an unambiguous structure determination. Herein, we demonstrate that the structure of low-crystallinity COF Py-1P nanocrystals can be solved by coupling three-dimensional electron diffraction (3DED) with simulated annealing (SA). The resulting model is comparable to that obtained from high-crystallinity samples by dual-space method. Moreover, for low-resolution 3DED data, the model obtained by SA shows a better framework than those provided by classic direct method, dual-space method, and charge flipping. We further simulate data with different resolutions to understand the reliability of SA under different crystal quality conditions. The successful determination of Py-1P structure by SA compared to other methods provides new knowledge for using 3DED to analyze low-crystallinity and nanosized materials.
Geology and land use shape nitrogen and sulfur cycling groundwater microbial communities in Pacific Island aquifers
Authors: Watson Sheree J , Arisdakessian Cédric , Petelo Maria , Keliipuleole Kekuʻiapōiula , Tachera Diamond K , Okuhata Brytne K , Dulai Henrietta , Frank Kiana L
Published: June 2023

Resource-constrained island populations have thrived in Hawai’i for over a millennium, but now face aggressive new challenges to fundamental resources, including the security and sustainability of water resources. Characterizing the microbial community in groundwater ecosystems is a powerful approach to infer changes from human impacts due to land management in hydrogeological complex aquifers. In this study, we investigate how geology and land management influence geochemistry, microbial diversity and metabolic functions. We sampled a total of 19 wells over 2-years across the Hualālai watershed of Kona, Hawai’i analyzing geochemistry, and microbial communities by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Geochemical analysis revealed significantly higher sulfate along the northwest volcanic rift zone, and high nitrogen (N) correlated with high on-site sewage disposal systems (OSDS) density. A total of 12,973 Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASV) were identified in 220 samples, including 865 ASVs classified as putative N and sulfur (S) cyclers. The N and S cyclers were dominated by a putative S-oxidizer coupled to complete denitrification (Acinetobacter), significantly enriched up to 4-times comparatively amongst samples grouped by geochemistry. The significant presence of Acinetobacter infers the bioremediation potential of volcanic groundwater for microbial-driven coupled S-oxidation and denitrification providing an ecosystem service for island populations dependent upon groundwater aquifers.
Real-time prediction and adaptive adjustment of continuous casting based on deep learning
Authors: Lu Ziqing , Ren Neng , Xu Xiaowei , Li Jun , Panwisawas Chinnapat , Xia Mingxu , Dong Hongbiao , Tsang Eric , Li Jianguo
Published: June 2023

Digitalisation of metallurgical manufacturing, especially technological continuous casting using numerical models of heat and mass transfer and subsequent solidification has been developed to achieve high manufacturing efficiency with minimum defects and hence low scrappage. It is still challenging to perform adaptive closed-loop process adjustment using high-fidelity computation in real-time. To address this challenge, surrogate models are a good option to replace the high-fidelity model, with acceptable accuracy and less computational time and cost. Based on deep learning technology, here we developed a real-time prediction (ReP) model to predict the three-dimensional (3D) temperature field distribution in continuous casting on millisecond timescale, with mean absolute error (MAE) of 4.19 K and mean absolute percent error (MAPE) of 0.49% on test data. Moreover, by combining the ReP model with machine learning technology—Bayesian optimisation, we realised the rapid decision-making intelligent adaptation of the operating parameters for continuous casting with high predictive capability. This innovative and reliable method has a great potential in the intelligent control of the metallurgical manufacturing process.
A chemiluminescent sensor for imaging endogenous hydrogen polysulfides in a living system
Authors: Zhao Hanqing , Qi Fenghui , Xiong Yanian , Lu Jianzhong
Published: June 2023

A chemiluminescent sensor containing a 2-fluoro-4-nitrobenzoate structure was designed and synthesized for the detection of H2Sn in bacterially infected murine models and the ferroptosis process in tumor-bearing mouse models.
A one-stage deep learning based method for automatic analysis of droplet-based digital PCR images
Authors: Yao Yuanyang , Zhao Shuhao , Liang Yan , Hu Fei , Peng Niancai
Published: June 2023

A novel method with high accuracy and lower resource consumption for droplets detection and can be used on mobile devices.
The effect of metalation on antimicrobial piscidins imbedded in normal and oxidized lipid bilayers
Authors: Dreab Ana , Bayse Craig A.
Published: June 2023

Structural changes due to metalation of the ATCUN motif of piscidins embedded in lipid bilayers are revealed through molecular dynamics simulations.
Two-dimensional metal–organic frameworks as bifunctional electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction and oxygen reduction reaction (OER/ORR): a theoretical study
Authors: Xu Feifei , Gao Zhixiao , Ge Zhencui , Ma Hao , Ren Hao , Zhu Houyu , Chi Yuhua , Guo Wenyue , Zhao Wen
Published: June 2023

As bifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution and reduction reaction (OER/ORR), the two-dimensional MOFs M3(C6Se6)2 show good electrocatalytic performance.
Cellulose-based fluorescent films with anti-counterfeiting and UV shielding capabilities enabled by enamine bonds
Authors: Qiao Yuhong , Ma Youwei , Chen Xiaomin , Guo Wenyao , Min Yulin , Fan Jinchen , Shi Zixing
Published: June 2023

Based on the enamine reaction, the cellulose-based (CAA-PEA) UV shielding film was prepared by solvent pouring.
Nanotubes from bacteriophage tail sheath proteins: internalisation by cancer cells and macrophages
Authors: Gabrielaitis Dovydas , Zitkute Vilmante , Saveikyte Lina , Labutyte Greta , Skapas Martynas , Meskys Rolandas , Casaite Vida , Sasnauskiene Ausra , Neniskyte Urte
Published: June 2023

Our nanocarriers can deliver enzymatic cargo to cancer cells and are cleared by macrophages in an age dependent manner.
Evaluating the isomeric effects of donors on the structures and photophysical properties of donor–acceptor–π bridge–donor (D1–A–π–D2) prototype fluorophores
Authors: Wu Dong-En , Guo Qing-Hui
Published: June 2023

In order to evaluate the isomeric effect of donors on the structures and photophysical properties of small organic fluorophores, three D1–A–π–D2 prototype isomers were designed and synthesized.
Carboxylic acid and metal ion co-driven assembly of triene coordination polymers for [2 + 2] photocycloaddition
Authors: Xue Xin-Ran , Cao Chen , Ge Yu , Li Qiu-Yi , Zhang Min-Jie , Liu Qi , Lang Jian-Ping
Published: June 2023

A set of six triene coordination polymers exhibit different [2 + 2] photocycloaddition kinetic behaviours and produce the corresponding cyclobutane isomers.
Recent advances and prospects for organoboron-based thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters
Authors: Wan Liang , Cheng Zhuang , Liu Futong , Lu Ping
Published: June 2023

The recent research progress of organic boron-containing thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials is reviewed systematically with a focus on the molecular design, photophysical properties and performance of the corresponding OLEDs.
Amichalasines F–J: cytochalasan heterotrimers with mirror-imaged core structures from Aspergillus micronesiensis
Authors: Wu Zhaodi , Zhang Xiaotian , Li Qin , Tong Qingyi , Yang Jing , Chen Chunmei , Zhu Hucheng , Zhang Yonghui
Published: June 2023

New cytochalasan heterotrimers with mirror-imaged core structures were isolated from Aspergillus micronesiensis, three of which showed potent cytotoxic activities.
Site-selective carbamoylation of carbohydrates catalyzed by SnCl2/Me2SnCl2leading to complementary selectivity
Authors: Guo Yang-Fan , Luo Tao , Dong Hai
Published: June 2023

We reported SnCl2/Me2SnCl2-catalyzed site-selective carbamoylation of carbohydrates with a broad substrate scope.
High-entropy oxychloride increasing the stability of Li–sulfur batteries
Authors: Zukalová Markéta , Fabián Martin , Porodko Olena , Vinarčíková Monika , Pitňa Lásková Barbora , Kavan Ladislav
Published: June 2023

The average discharge capacities calculated from the 10 consecutive cycles of the Li–sulfur battery with the P_carbon and P_carbon_LiHEOFeCl cathode.
Synthesis and characterisation of novel composite sunscreens containing both avobenzone and octocrylene motifs
Authors: Cowden Adam M. , Whittock Abigail L. , Holt Emily L. , Stavros Vasilios G. , Wills Martin
Published: June 2023

Compounds 10a–10e and 14a/b contain elements of the two established sunscreen molecules avobenzone and octocrylene. The compounds were prepared, characterised and were found to have broad-wavelength, UV-absorbing properties.
Bright near-infrared circularly polarized electrochemiluminescence from Au9Ag4nanoclusters
Authors: Jiang Lirong , Jing Mengmeng , Yin Bing , Du Wenjun , Wang Xiaojian , Liu Ying , Chen Shuang , Zhu Manzhou
Published: June 2023

The near-infrared circularly polarized electrochemiluminescence of chiralR/S-Au9Ag4metal nanoclusters is demonstrated. The results provide a promising strategy that could achieve enantiomer discrimination and chiral detection.
Lactic acid and biomethane production from bread waste: a techno-economic and profitability analysis using pinch technology
Authors: Mailaram Swarnalatha , Narisetty Vivek , Maity Sunil K. , Gadkari Siddharth , Thakur Vijay Kumar , Russell Stephen , Kumar Vinod
Published: June 2023

Lactic acid is produced from bread waste using microbial fermentation under acid-neutral and low-pH scenarios. Though the acid-neutral scenario is economically better, the primary economic barriers are huge capital investment and utility consumption.
Strategies for lignin depolymerization and reconstruction towards functional polymers
Authors: Jiang Lu , Wang Chen-Gang , Chee Pei Lin , Qu Chenyang , Fok Alejandro Zikin , Yong Fu Hsien , Ong Zhi Lin , Kai Dan
Published: June 2023

This review focuses on lignin depolymerization strategies and functional polymer construction based on lignin-derived monomers.
Experimental systems for the analysis of mutational signatures: no ‘one-size-fits-all' solution
Authors: Ivanov Dmitri , Hwang Taejoo , Sitko Lukasz Karol , Lee Semin , Gartner Anton
Published: June 2023

Cells constantly accumulate mutations, which are caused by replication errors, as well as through the action of endogenous and exogenous DNA-damaging agents. Mutational patterns reflect the status of DNA repair machinery and the history of genotoxin exposure of a given cellular clone. Computationally derived mutational signatures can shed light on the origins of cancer. However, to understand the etiology of cancer signatures, they need to be compared with experimental signatures, which are obtained from the isogenic cell lines or organisms under controlled conditions. Experimental mutational patterns were instrumental in understanding the nature of signatures caused by mismatch repair and BRCA deficiencies. Here, we describe how different cell lines and model organisms were used in recent years to decipher mutational signatures observed in cancer genomes and provide examples of how data from different experimental systems complement and support each other.
Mixed‐decomposed convolutional network: A lightweight yet efficient convolutional neural network for ocular disease recognition
Authors: Zhang Xiaoqing , Wu Xiao , Xiao Zunjie , Hu Lingxi , Qiu Zhongxi , Sun Qingyang , Higashita Risa , Liu Jiang
Published: June 2023

Eye health has become a global health concern and attracted broad attention. Over the years, researchers have proposed many state‐of‐the‐art convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to assist ophthalmologists in diagnosing ocular diseases efficiently and precisely. However, most existing methods were dedicated to constructing sophisticated CNNs, inevitably ignoring the trade‐off between performance and model complexity. To alleviate this paradox, this paper proposes a lightweight yet efficient network architecture, mixed‐decomposed convolutional network (MDNet), to recognise ocular diseases. In MDNet, we introduce a novel mixed‐decomposed depthwise convolution method, which takes advantage of depthwise convolution and depthwise dilated convolution operations to capture low‐resolution and high‐resolution patterns by using fewer computations and fewer parameters. We conduct extensive experiments on the clinical anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS‐OCT), LAG, University of California San Diego, and CIFAR‐100 datasets. The results show our MDNet achieves a better trade‐off between the performance and model complexity than efficient CNNs including MobileNets and MixNets. Specifically, our MDNet outperforms MobileNets by 2.5% of accuracy by using 22% fewer parameters and 30% fewer computations on the AS‐OCT dataset.
Merchant and regulated storage investment in energy and reserve markets: A Stackelberg game
Authors: Guo Peiyao , Hamacher Thomas , Perić Vedran S.
Published: June 2023

With large‐scale integration of renewable generation, energy storage is expected to play an important role in providing flexibility to energy systems. In this paper, the authors construct a trilevel Stackelberg game model to study the co‐investment of merchant and regulated storage in energy and reserve markets. The upper‐level problem is a profit‐maximizing storage investment problem with a desired rate‐of‐return solved by a merchant investor. In the middle‐level problem, the system operator (SO) makes regulated storage investment decisions to minimize system cost. In the lower‐level problem, the SO clears energy and reserve markets. The proposed model captures interactions of regulated and merchant storage investment. Also, it clarifies how different ownership structures of storage influence merchant storage profitability and system cost structures in different capital cost of storage investment and wind penetration level scenarios. The numerical results conducted on a 6‐bus illustrative example and the IEEE 24‐bus Reliability test case validate the proposed model. The results show that both regulated and merchant storage can increase social welfare, and social welfare remains almost the same under different ownership structures of storage.
Effectiveness of specularity removal from hyperspectral images in the colour spectral measurement of wool fibres
Authors: Qiu Kebin , Shen Jiajia , Chen Weiguo , Zhang Jiahui
Published: June 2023

Microscopic hyperspectral imaging technology is a potential non‐destructive and non‐contact method for colour measurement of micrometre‐sized textile fibres. However, specularity on the fibre surface can distort the accurate colour information and affect the accuracy of the colour measurement. This paper proposed a specular‐constrained sparse approximation (SCSA) for specular‐diffuse reflection separation from hyperspectral images of wool fibres. First, a specular prior map is generated based on the lightness dissimilarity. Then the SCSA model is used to decompose the processed hyperspectral image A into low‐rank data L, sparse specularity data S constrained by the specular prior map, sparse noise E, and Gaussian noise N. A non‐linear logistic sigmoid function and a sparse approximation of A – L – N to S are used to improve the performance of specularity removal during iterative optimization. The experimental results show that the proposed method significantly preserves diffuse reflectance and texture details in the specular highlight regions to obtain actual spectral reflectance and chromatic values from hyperspectral images of wool fibres.
A survey on edge and fog nodes' placement methods, techniques, parameters, and constraints
Authors: Al‐Asadi Samraa Adnan , Al‐Mamory Safaa O.
Published: June 2023

Within Edge and Fog computing, edge and fog nodes must be optimally located at the network edge to minimise the network's overall latency. This survey addresses all aspects of these nodes' placement problems. Literature on edge and fog nodes' placement is collected from reputable databases (IEEE Xplore digital library, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science) using a search query. Manual search using keywords and the snowball method is also used to get as many related papers as possible. According to defined inclusion criteria, retrieved documents are filtered to 64 articles for eight years (2015–2022). Depending on the optimisation method used, literature is classified into six categories. The first relies on Integer programming, accounting for 20.3% (13/64). The second category depends on heuristic and metaheuristic methods, accounting for 20.3% (13/64). The third category depends on hybrid methods between the two aforementioned categories accounting for 18.7% (12/64). Forth category depends on clustering methods, accounting for 11% (7/64). The fifth category depends on reinforcement learning, accounting for 6.3% (4/64). And the final category depends on the hybrid methods between two or more methods mentioned above, accounting for 23.4% (15/64). Papers have been analysed to get information like the optimisation problem, the method used for solving it, considered parameters, objectives, constraints, implementation tools, and evaluation methods.
Characteristic analysis and filtering algorithm design for UNGM model
Authors: LU Shan , ZHANG Shiyuan
Published: June 2023

The univariate non-stationary growth model (UNGM) is widely used in the verification of nonlinear filters, and the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) is often used as the reference filter for comparative analysis when using this model to evaluate the filter performance. However, due to the strong nonlinearity of UNGM and the change of model properties with different parameter settings, the estimation misalignment problem due to different reasons will occur when UKF is used for filtering. To solve these problems, this paper analyzes the complex characteristics of UNGM in filtering process, and proposes an UKF with sliding sampling module(SSUKF). The algorithm is optimized on the basis of UKF, and can effectively deal with the complex characteristics of UNGM by sampling and analyzing the filtering information in the filtering process and correcting the distribution of Sigma points in real time. SSUKF is applied to UNGM under different parameters and compared with UKF and bootstrap particle filter(BPF). The simulation results show that SSUKF can effectively solve the misalignment problem when UKF is applied to UNGM, and the calculation speed is better than BPF. Compared with UKF, SSUKF is suitable as a benchmark filter for evaluating the performance of nonlinear filters using UNGM.
Débattre d’une interdisciplinarité en actes : le colloque « Interdisciplinarité(s) » du Réseau national des Maisons des sciences de l’homme
Authors: Casella Philippe
Published: June 2023

Le Réseau national des Maisons des sciences de l’homme (Rn-MSH) a souhaité engager une réflexion sur les pratiques et les politiques d’interdisciplinarité. À cette fin, le colloque « Interdisciplinarité(s) » s’est attaché à articuler deux approches. En septembre 2021, des ateliers ont examiné les expériences conduites au sein des MSH avec la volonté de débattre de l’interdisciplinarité en actes. Puis, en janvier 2022, la réflexion a été élargie pour examiner la contribution des dynamiques interdisciplinaires à la recomposition du régime de connaissance, à la prise en compte des autres formes de savoir et à l’incorporation des enjeux des sociétés dans la production scientifique. Nous évoquerons notamment ici les agencements qui réduisent la capacité normative de l’organisation disciplinaire tout en préservant les ressources intellectuelles portées par les communautés disciplinaires.
Factors Associated with Need for Intravenous Glucose Infusion for the Treatment of Early Neonatal Hypoglycemia in Late Preterm and Term Neonates
Authors: Brion Luc P. , Scheid Lisa M. , Brown L Steven , Burchfield Patti J. , Rosenfeld Charles R.
Published: June 2023

Objective The aim of this study was to determine which late-preterm (35–36 weeks' gestational age [GA]) and term neonates with early-onset hypoglycemia in the first 72 hours postnatal required a continuous glucose infusion to achieve and successfully maintain euglycemia.

Study Design This is a retrospective cohort study of late preterm and term neonates born in 2010–2014 and admitted to the Mother-Baby Unit at Parkland Hospital who had laboratory-proven blood glucose concentration < 40 mg/dL (2.2 mmol/L) during the first 72 hours of life. Among the subgroup needing intravenous (IV) glucose infusion, we analyzed which factors predicted a maximum glucose infusion rate (GIR) ≥ 10 mg/kg/min. The entire cohort was randomly divided into a derivation cohort (n = 1,288) and a validation cohort (n = 1,298).

Results In multivariate analysis, the need for IV glucose infusion was associated with small size for GA, low initial glucose concentration, early-onset infection, and other perinatal variables in both cohorts. A GIR ≥ 10 mg/kg/min was required in 14% of neonates with blood glucose value < 20 mg/dL during the first 3 hours of observation. The likelihood of a GIR ≥ 10 mg/kg/min was associated with lower initial blood glucose value and lower umbilical arterial pH.

Conclusion Need for IV glucose infusion was associated with small size for GA, low initial glucose concentration, early-onset infection, and variables associated with perinatal hypoxia–asphyxia. The likelihood of a maximum GIR ≥ 10 mg/kg/min was greater in neonates with lower blood glucose value during the first 3 hours of observation and lower umbilical arterial pH.

Key Points
Molybdenum-Mediated One-Pot Synthesis of 2-Hydroxypyrimidines from Isoxazoles
Authors: Beaumont Stéphane , Rochelle Servane
Published: June 2023

A one-pot procedure towards substituted 2-hydroxypyrimidines from commercially available isoxazoles is reported. The process involves cleavage of the isoxazole N–O bond mediated by Mo2(OAc)4, then in situ hydrolysis of the resulting β-amino enone to the reactive 1,3-dicarbonylated intermediate, followed by hydroxypyrimidine formation in the presence of urea. Moderate to excellent yields are obtained, leading to functionalized hydroxypyrimidines. By using readily available isoxazoles, a wide range of new diverse polysubstituted hydroxypyrimidines may be prepared by this method.
DMAP-Catalyzed Domino Reactions of α-Chloroaldoxime O-Methanesulfonates and 2-Aminobenzoic Acids for the Synthesis of Quinazolinediones
Authors: Kaeobamrung Juthanat , Kaewman Watcharadet
Published: June 2023

Quinazolinedione derivatives were obtained from 2-aminobenzoic acids and bench-stable α-chloroaldoxime O-methanesulfonates via DMAP-catalyzed domino reactions under mild reaction conditions in one-pot fashion. Chemical transformations involved nucleophilic substitution, Tiemann rearrangement, and cyclic urea formation. The strength of nitrogen nucleophile of 2-aminobenzoic acids and the high level of carbon electrophile of α-chloroaldoxime O-methanesulfonates were crucial for the reaction outcome. An application to synthesize a quinazolinedione building block was introduced.
Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Synthesis of α-Chiral Allylsilanes
Authors: Jackowski Olivier , Ferreira Franck , Pérez Sevillano Rubén
Published: June 2023

Over the past 30 years, the synthesis of α-chiral allylsilanes have attracted much interest. These compounds are indeed versatile building blocks and linchpins ranking among the most useful organic scaffolds due to the large number of transformations that both their C–Si bond and C–C double bond can undergo. They therefore occupy a unique place in the arsenal of the organic chemist, particularly for the synthesis of complex molecules. In this review, an overview of transition-metal-catalyzed syntheses of α-chiral allylsilanes is presented.

1 Introduction

2 Addition of Silylmetals

2.1 Silylation of Allylic Electrophiles

2.2 Conjugate Addition

2.3 1,2-Addition to N-tert-Butylsulfonyl Imines

2.4 Silaboration

3 Addition of Nucleophiles

3.1 Substitution of γ-Silylated Allylic Electrophiles

3.2 1,4-Conjugate Addition to β-Silyl Enones and Enoates

3.3 Reduction of γ-Silylated Allylic Carbonates

4 Hydrosilylation

4.1 1,4-Hydrosilylation of 1,3-Dienes

4.2 1,2-Hydrosilylation of 1,3-Dienes

4.3 1,2-Hydrosilylation of Allenes

5 Cross-Coupling Reactions

5.1 Cross-Coupling of Vinyl Halides

5.2 Retroallylation of δ-Silylated Homoallylic Alcohols

5.3 Multicomponent Cross-Coupling of 1,3-Dienes

6 Insertion Reactions

6.1 Vinylcarbenoid Insertion into Si–H Bonds

6.2 Silylene Insertion into Allylic C–O Bonds

7 Rearrangements

7.1 Intramolecular γ-Silylation of Allylic Disilanyl Ethers

7.2 Domino Isomerization–Claisen Rearrangement of γ-Silylated Bis(allylic) Ethers

8 Miscellaneous

9 Conclusion
Synchronous Posterior and Anterior Pituitary Tumors: A Case Report of a Hypothetic Paracrine Relationship
Authors: Rubino Franco , Eichberg Daniel G. , Saad Ali G. , Komotar Ricardo J. , Ivan Michael E.
Published: June 2023

Tumors of the posterior pituitary are a distinct group of low-grade sellar neoplasms. Furthermore, the coexistence with an anterior pituitary tumor is extremely unlikely and could not be a mere coincidence and could be a paracrine relationship. Here, we present a case of 41-year-old woman with Cushing syndrome and two pituitary masses on magnetic resonance imaging. Histologic examination shows two distinct lesions. The first consisted of a pituitary adenoma with intense adrenocorticotropic hormone immunostaining and the second lesion consisted of a proliferation of pituicytes arranged in vague fascicles or pituicytoma. After a narrative review of the literature, we found that synchronous pituitary adenoma and a thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1) pituitary tumor were only reported eight times in the past. These patients included two granular cell tumors and six pituicytomas and all of them coexisted with pituitary adenomas, seven functioning and one nonfunctioning. We analyze the hypothesis of a possible paracrine relationship for this concomitance, but this exceedingly rare situation is still a matter of debate. To the best of our knowledge, our case represents the ninth case of a TTF-1 pituitary tumor coexisting with a pituitary adenoma.
Mature Teratoma with Somatic-Type Malignancy: An Entity of Unacquaintance—A Case Report
Authors: Diyora Batuk , Devani Kavin , Epari Sridhar , Deshpande Gauri , Purandare Anup , Wankhade Ravi
Published: June 2023

Primary intracranial teratomas are nongerminomatous germ cell tumors. They are infrequent lesions along the craniospinal axis, with their malignant transformation extremely uncommon. A 50-year-old-male patient presented with one episode of generalized tonic–clonic seizure (GTCS), without any neurological deficit. Radiological imaging revealed a large lesion in the pineal region. He underwent gross total excision of the lesion. Histopathological examination was representative of teratoma with adenocarcinomatous malignant transformation. He underwent adjuvant radiation therapy and had an excellent clinical outcome. The present case highlights the rarity of malignant transformation of the primary intracranial mature teratoma.
Fracturas de Hueso Piramidal: Revisión Bibliográfica a Propósito de Cuatro Casos Clínicos
Authors: Perova Yulia , Sauras Ángel Castro , Garcia Justo Manuel Villalba , Martínez Sandra Rodríguez , García Miguel Ranera , Agustín María Royo
Published: June 2023

Las fracturas del hueso piramidal, o triquetral, son las segundas fracturas más frecuentes de carpo después de las fracturas de escafoides. Normalmente, se producen por impactación ósea tras traumatismos en extensión y desviación cubital de la muñeca. Estas fracturas se clasifican en tres grupos: corticales dorsales, fracturas del cuerpo del piramidal y corticales volares. No es infrecuente que estas lesiones se diagnostiquen de forma tardía, ya que en muchas ocasiones pueden pasar desapercibidas en la atención en los Servicios de Urgencias. Esto se puede evitar mediante la realización de pruebas adicionales radiológicas como la tomografía computarizada (TC) de inicio. Clásicamente, se ha considerado que estas fracturas tienen buen pronóstico y se tratan mediante inmovilización. Sin embargo, la resonancia magnética (RNM) puede ser útil para el diagnóstico de lesiones asociadas en los casos de mala evolución. Recientemente, se ha discutido en la bibliografía los distintos tipos de gestos quirúrgicos a realizar según encontremos una inestabilidad carpiana, pseudoartrosis fibrosa, lesiones de complejo de fibrocartílago triangular, artrosis piso-piramidal, etc. Los objetivos de esta revisión son comparar casos clínicos en dos perfiles diferentes de pacientes que tienen evolución distinta de la misma entidad patológica, así como el de realizar una revisión completa sobre el tema aportando información adicional sobre algunas complicaciones de este tipo de fracturas.
Fracturas de Radio Distal con Lesiones Concomitantes de Codo. Un Análisis Prospectivo
Authors: Aita Marcio Aurelio , Aliberti Guilherme Murbach , Fontana Renan Martins , Biondi Bruno Gianordoli , Zaidenberg Ezequiel , de Oliveira Ricardo Kaempf , Ruggiero Gustavo Mantovani
Published: June 2023

Antecedentes Hoy en día es cada vez más común el politraumatismo con lesiones de codo (LC) y fracturas ipsilaterales de radio distal (FRDs), alrededor del 17,5% de todas las fracturas del adulto y se discute que el método ideal y el mejor momento para tratar lesiones de alta energía pueden tener un fuerte impacto social.

Objetivos Comparar la fuerza de agarre, los resultados radiográficos e informados por el paciente en pacientes con lesiones de codo ipsilaterales inestables y FRD con o sin inestabilidad longitudinal del antebrazo tratados en el mismo tiempo

Métodos Se incluyeron 231 pacientes con FRD, tratados durante el período comprendido entre febrero de 2018 a julio de 2021 y 18 pacientes. El período de seguimiento fue de 12 meses y 12 hombres y 6 mujeres. Los pacientes se dividieron en dos grupos: FRD asociados con LC (Grupo 1 - 6 pacientes) o sin disociación radiocubital longitudinal Grupo 2 - (12 pacientes). Los resultados clínicos y funcionales y las características radiográficas se evaluaron a los 12 meses.

Resultados A los 12 meses, se observó con respecto a la fuerza de agarre, que todos los pacientes presentaban resultados en el tercer o cuarto cuartil. Las puntuaciones DASH media fueron 3,8 y las puntuaciones EVA fueron 1,5. Once pacientes requirieron un procedimiento secundario 61% (11/18) con remover codo ex fix (5/18), spanning plate (2/18), cambiar cabeza radial ORIF (reducción abierta y fijación interna) a artroplastia (1/18). La reducción inicial de la fractura o la estabilidad articular se mantuvieron en el 94,4 % (17/18) de los pacientes.

Conclusiones Existe una relación lineal entre las lesiones de muñeca y codo y sus resultados, con o sin disociación radiocubital longitudinal. Ambos demostraron predecir la restauración de la capacidad de los pacientes para realizar actividades de la vida diaria de forma independiente. Recomendamos que las lesiones combinadas se manejen al mismo tiempo y se recomienda la fijación interna para el tratamiento definitivo de FRD/LC siempre que sea posible y mejore los resultados radiográficos e informados por el paciente.
Walant Para El Síndrome De Linburg-Comstock: Caso Clínico
Authors: Saiz Javier Coloma , Vadillo Marta Moreno , Fernández Julio Doménech
Published: June 2023

El Síndrome de Linburg-Comstock se caracteriza por la incapacidad para flexionar activamente la articulación interfalángica del pulgar, sin, involuntariamente, flexionar también las articulaciones interfalángicas proximal y distal del índice, debido a conexiones tendinosas entre el tendón flexor largo del pulgar, o su vientre muscular, y los tendones flexores profundos de los dedos. Presentamos el caso de una policía con esta anomalía, a la que se le indicó baja laboral, y, posteriormente, fue reubicada, por su incapacidad para empuñar el arma reglamentaria, sin que la disparase involuntariamente. Hasta la fecha, no hemos encontrado ninguna publicación en el que el uso de la técnica de cirugía mediante anestesia local sin isquemia (WALANT) se haya utilizado como método quirúrgico en el Síndrome de Linburg-Comstock.
Exploring hydrogen production using platinum catalysts
Authors: McConnon Aili
Published: June 2023

Recent developments illustrate the potential for platinum to improve the half-cell hydrogen evolution reaction.
Closing gaps in early cancer detection
Authors: Ikenson Ben
Published: June 2023

Methodology combines holographic flow cytometry and AI to identify circulating tumor cells with high-throughput
Gravitational vortex disruption in mesofluidic separators
Authors: Pease Leonard F. , Gartman Brandy N. , Law Catrin A. , Burns Carolyn A.
Published: June 2023

Typically, bump array devices separate submicrometer particles where gravitational effects remain small. However, as particle size increases from a few micrometers to hundreds of micrometers, gravitational effects become important and settling may induce vortex formation. This article shows under laminar flow that these vortices suffice to disrupt flow fields, frustrating particle separation. The limiting diameter, above which vortices do form, is determined, and the dependence of the limiting diameter on viscosity, particle properties, and separator orientation is quantified.
Correlation balance for describing carbenes: An NOF study
Authors: Franco Lizeth , Lew-Yee Juan Felipe Huan , M. del Campo Jorge
Published: June 2023

Carbenes are a remarkable type of molecules because of the two electrons that might be paired or unpaired, providing a singlet or a triplet state, respectively. The preference for one of these states can be measured by the singlet-triplet energy gap; however, theoretical prediction is challenging when static correlation arises, and an adequate balance with dynamic correlation is required to achieve correct predictions. Piris Natural Orbital Functionals (PNOFs) have been used before to deal with other static correlation problems, but they have suffered from lack of dynamic correlation, which has been solved by coupling PNOF7 with many-body perturbation theory. Recently, the development of a Global Natural Orbital Functional (GNOF) has been proposed with the aim of including dynamic correlation without the need to couple with perturbation theory, thus becoming a promising alternative to study challenging chemical problems. In this work, we applied the PNOF family of functionals to compute the adiabatic singlet-triplet energy gaps of a set of simple carbenes and compared them with those computed with coupled-cluster methods and experimental values when available. We have found that the GNOF achieves promising results due to an intrinsic balance of static and dynamic correlation. In this regard, the GNOF presents errors that are lower than those of PNOF7, comparable to those of NOF-c-MP2, and is capable of predicting the tendency of substituent effects, proving to be suitable for further application to predict general singlet-triplet energy gaps.
The generation of large-amplitude surface acoustic waves induced by a moving laser source
Authors: Li Zheng , Su Dashuai , Sun Xiaofeng
Published: June 2023

This letter focuses on the non-contact generation of surface acoustic waves by using a continuous wave laser moving along the sample surface. The desired large-amplitude surface acoustic waves can be generated efficiently if the laser moving speed matches the Rayleigh value, which is a typical characteristic of the continuous laser moving excitation method. The different amplitudes of surface acoustic waves were generated at different laser moving speeds, and the largest amplitude occurred when the laser moving speed approached the surface acoustic wave velocity of the material. Subsequently, the influence of laser moving distance on the wave’s amplitude under Rayleigh resonance conditions was investigated. The surface acoustic waves’ amplitude grew linearly with the laser’s moving distance in the elastic range. In brief, this paper provides a novel method to excite large amplitude surface acoustic waves by simply changing the moving speed and moving distance of the light.
Ab initio study of effects of Al on the defect behaviors of AlxCoCrFeNi high entropy alloys
Authors: Shu Yue , Wang Rui , Chen Zhiwei , Lin Yeping , Liu Zhixiao , Deng Huiqiu , Hu Wangyu , Yang Tengfei
Published: June 2023

The influence of Al on the defect behaviors of AlxCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloys (HEAs) is studied by ab initio calculations. The lattice distortion, defect formation energies, and defect migration energies were calculated for different Al concentrations ranging from 0 to 6.25 at. %. First, the increase in the lattice distortion of AlxCoCrFeNi by the addition of Al is demonstrated, but the increment is smaller than that predicted by the atomic size difference of constituent elements. Second, although formation energies of Al vacancies and dumbbells containing Al are higher, the addition of Al decreases the average formation energies of vacancies and interstitials, which is probably due to the Al-induced local strain field and lattice distortion. The migration energies of interstitials and vacancies exhibit opposite variations, the migration energies of interstitials are increased while that of vacancies are decreased with the Al content. Moreover, the distributions of formation and migration energies of both defects are significantly broadening with increasing Al content, which could further enhance the characteristic effects of HEAs and play a more important role in the irradiation resistances of HEAs. Based on the calculation results, the effects of Al on the irradiation responses of AlxCoCrFeNi are discussed.
Large-eddy simulation, convective instability, and modal causality of coaxial supersonic air–water jets considering a swirl effect
Authors: Weigand Bernhard
Published: June 2023

An annular liquid sheet sheared by a coaxial supersonic gas stream with a swirling effect is investigated using Large Eddy Simulation. Despite its wide applications in aerospace and medical devices, the instability and spatial characters have been barely investigated due to the high complexity under supersonic condition. Unlike the conventional use of the temporal dynamic mode decomposition (DMD), DMD is applied in the axial direction to evaluate the transient convective instability. The high-velocity cases show significantly stronger instability in the nozzle near-field. However, swirling has only marginal effects on the convective instability. In addition, proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) extracts the essential spatial topology of velocity, momentum, and pressure fields. Pulsatile and flapping instabilities are observed in the gas flow, where liquid flow demonstrates the schrink/expansion as well as the flapping instabilities. In addition, all POD modes of the pressure field take the form of coherent wavepacket structures, and their wavelength and spatial forms of the wavepackets are dependent on the gas flow speed rather than the swirling. Time coefficients of the leading POD modes of momentum and pressure fields show an interesting correlation. Hence, the causal–effect relationship between these leading modes of momentum and pressure field is quantified via transfer entropy from the information theory. The transfer entropy from the pressure field to the momentum field is generally higher than vice versa, and this trend is enhanced by the swirling in the low-velocity condition.
Tunable hybrid silicon single-electron transistor–nanoscale field-effect transistor operating at room temperature
Authors: Abualnaja Faris , He Wenkun , Chu Kai-Lin , Andreev Aleksey , Jones Mervyn , Durrani Zahid
Published: June 2023

A hybrid silicon single-electron transistor (SET)–field-effect transistor (FET), tunable by gate voltages between single-electron and classical FET operation, at room temperature (RT) is demonstrated. The device uses a side-gated, ∼6 nm wide, heavily doped n+ silicon fin. A gate-controlled transition occurs from a depletion mode FET, including characteristic output saturation, to a quantum dot SET with “Coulomb diamond” characteristics above and near the threshold voltage, respectively. Below the threshold voltage, p-FET behavior implies ambipolar operation. Statistics for 180 research devices show a high yield of ∼37% for RT SET–FET operation and mean single-electron addition energy ∼0.3 eV. This yield also demonstrates the probability of single-electron effects in highly scaled doped nanoFETs and the possibility of electrically tunable, RT quantum and classical mode, nanoelectronic circuits.
Investigations on the effects of structural damping on vortex-induced vibration response of an airfoil at a high angle of attack via the aero-damping map
Authors: Cui Yongdong , Khoo Boo Cheong
Published: June 2023

Large-scale modern wind turbines at standstill are prone to vortex-induced vibrations. In this study, we propose the use of the aero-damping map to investigate the complex vibration responses of the wind turbine airfoil at 90° of attack angle with different levels of structural dampings. The vibration amplitude and response frequency in the lock-in condition and soft lock-in conditions agree well with the contour line on which the sum of aerodynamic damping and structural damping is equal to zero. The mechanism of frequency soft lock-in is explored from the aspect of energy transfer that when the equilibrium state cannot be maintained at the natural frequency due to high structural damping, the system locks to a frequency between the natural frequency and vortex shedding frequency of the stationary airfoil to achieve lower aerodynamic damping and more energy absorption from the air. The transient response of the beat vibration is also investigated with the aero-damping map combined with the dynamic mode decomposition method. It is found that the lock-in mode and von Kármán mode coexist in the unsteady flow field during beat vibration. The competition between the two modes causes the system to be in an intermittent state of alternating frequency lock-in stage with lower aerodynamic damping and unlock-in stage with higher aerodynamic damping, hence resulting in the amplitude amplification and attenuation alternately.