bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A point-surface fusion method for vegetation water content retrievalconsidering optimization of GNSS sites and modeling elements
Authors: Liang Yueji , Hu Xinmiao , Ren Chao , Lu Xianjian , Yan Hongbo , Ding Qin , Lai Jianmin
Published: November 2022

The normalized microwave reflectance index (NMRI) based on global navigation satellite system (GNSS) interferometric reflectometry has been proven to reflect the changes in vegetation water content (VWC) effectively, but it is limited to point data. A spatially continuous NMRI product can be obtained by fusing NMRI data (point) and moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) data (surface). However, the time resolution of the existing results is limited to 16 d, and the research on the selection of modeling elements is not deep enough. In this paper, a point-surface fusion method for VWC retrieval considering the optimization of GNSS sites and elements is proposed. This method is aimed at using MODIS multi-band to synthesize vegetation indices with 8 d spatial-temporal resolution and establishing the initial element set by combining meteorological elements, followed by optimizing the GNSS sites and modeling elements for best modeling scheme, finally constructing the point-surface fusion method for VWC retrieval, and comprehensively evaluating the performance of the method. The results indicate that optimizing GNSS sites and modeling elements are particularly critical to improving modeling accuracy. Compared with other vegetation elements, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), gross primary productivity, and leaf area index are essential elements that affect the modeling effect. Among them, NDVI is the critical element. The NMRI products with 8 d/500 m resolution obtained by GA-BPNN can better reflect the change of VWC. Furthermore, the spatial performance of NMRI products is consistent with the fire forecast products and is suitable for drought and fire forecasts.
Statistical properties of periodic points for infinitely renormalizable unimodal maps
Authors: Takahasi Hiroki
Published: November 2022

For an infinitely renormalizable negative Schwarzian unimodal map f with a non-flat critical point, we analyze statistical properties of periodic points as their periods tend to infinity. Since the standard sequence of probability measures constructed from periodic points weighted with Birkhoff sums of a given potential does not always converge to an equilibrium state, we consider another sequence of probability measures obtained by averaging over certain time windows. For a weight φ which is a continuous function or a geometric potential −β log|f′|, we obtain level-2 large deviation bounds. From the upper bound, we deduce that weighted periodic points asymptotically distribute with respect to equilibrium states for the potential φ. It follows that periodic points asymptotically distribute with respect to measures of maximal entropy, and periodic points weighted with their Lyapunov exponents asymptotically distribute with respect to the post-critical measure supported on the attracting Cantor set. In the case the pressure of φ is non-positive, we obtain the level-2 large deviation principle.
Performance evaluation of VRAIN: a brain-dedicated PET with a hemispherical detector arrangement
Authors: Akamatsu Go , Takahashi Miwako , Tashima Hideaki , Iwao Yuma , Yoshida Eiji , Wakizaka Hidekatsu , Kumagai Masaaki , Yamashita Taichi , Yamaya Taiga
Published: November 2022

Objective. For PET imaging systems, a smaller detector ring enables less intrinsic spatial resolution loss due to the photon non-collinearity effect as well as better balance between production cost and sensitivity, and a hemispherical detector arrangement is more appropriate for brain imaging than a conventional cylindrical arrangement. Therefore, we have developed a brain-dedicated PET system with a hemispherical detector arrangement, which has been commercialized in Japan under the product name of VRAINTM. In this study, we evaluated imaging performance of VRAIN. Approach. The VRAIN used 54 detectors to form the main hemispherical unit and an additional half-ring behind the neck. Each detector was composed of a 12 × 12 array of lutetium fine silicate crystals (4.1 × 4.1 × 10 mm3) and a 12 × 12 array of silicon photomultipliers (4 × 4 mm2 active area) with the one-to-one coupling. We evaluated the physical performance of VRAIN according to the NEMA NU 2–2018 standards. Some measurements were modified so as to fit the hemispherical geometry. In addition, we performed 18F-FDG imaging in a healthy volunteer. Main results. In the phantom study, the VRAIN showed high resolution for separating 2.2 mm rods, 229 ps TOF resolution and 19% scatter fraction. With the TOF gain for a 20 cm diameter object (an assumed head diameter), the peak noise-equivalent count rate was 144 kcps at 9.8 kBq ml−1 and the sensitivity was 25 kcps MBq−1. Overall, the VRAIN provided excellent image quality in phantom and human studies. In the human FDG images, small brain nuclei and gray matter structures were clearly visualized with high contrast and low noise. Significance. We demonstrated the excellent imaging performance of VRAIN, which supported the advantages of the hemispherical detector arrangement.
Comparison and calibration of dose delivered by 137Cs and x-ray irradiators in mice
Authors: Caravaca Javier , Peter Robin , Yang Jaewon , Gunther Chad , Antonio Camara Serrano Juan , Nostrand Christopher , Steri Veronica , Seo Youngho
Published: November 2022

Objective. The Office of Radiological Security, U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration, is implementing a radiological risk reduction program which seeks to minimize or eliminate the use of high activity radiological sources, including 137Cs, by replacing them with non-radioisotopic technologies, such as x-ray irradiators. The main goal of this paper is to evaluate the equivalence of the dose delivered by gamma- and x-ray irradiators in mice using experimental measurements and Monte Carlo simulations. We also propose a novel biophantom as an in situ dose calibration method. Approach. We irradiated mouse carcasses and 3D-printed mouse biophantoms in a 137Cs irradiator (Mark I-68) and an x-ray irradiator (X-Rad320) at three voltages (160 kVp, 225 kVp and 320 kVp) and measured the delivered radiation dose. A Geant4-based Monte Carlo model was developed and validated to provide a comprehensive picture of gamma- and x-ray irradiation in mice. Main Results. Our Monte Carlo model predicts a uniform dose delivered in soft-tissue for all the explored irradiation programs and in agreement with the absolute dose measurements. Our Monte Carlo model shows an energy-dependent difference between dose in bone and in soft tissue that decreases as photon energy increases. Dose rate depends on irradiator and photon energy. We observed a deviation of the measured dose from the target value of up to −9% for the Mark I-68, and up to 35% for the X-Rad320. The dose measured in the 3D-printed phantoms are equivalent to that in the carcasses within 6% uncertainty. Significance. Our results suggest that 320 kVp irradiation is a good candidate to substitute 137Cs irradiation barring a few caveats. There is a significant difference between measured and targeted doses for x-ray irradiation that suggests a strong need for in situ calibration, which can be achieved with 3D-printed mouse biophantoms. A dose correction is necessary for bone doses, which can be provided by a Monte Carlo calculation. Finally, the biological implications of the differences in dose rates and dose per photon for the different irradiation methods should be carefully assessed for each small-animal irradiation experiment.
Design optimization of heterojunction 1T DRAM cell with SiGe body/drain for high performance
Authors: Go Seungwon , Kim Shinhee , Lee Dong Keun , Park Jae Yeon , Park Sora , Kim Dae Hwan , Kim Garam , Kim Sangwan
Published: November 2022

In this study, a heterojunction one-transistor (1T) dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) with SiGe body/drain has been proposed and its electrical characteristics have been investigated by technology computer-aided design simulation. The results reveal that the homojunction between body and drain with a narrow band gap material enhances not only retention characteristic but also write and erase efficiencies compared to those of the structure in which SiGe is only adopted at the body region. Consequently, the sensing margin of the optimized structure is ∼15.9 and ∼2.4 times larger than that of the Si and Si0.7Ge0.3-body 1T DRAM cells, respectively, with a retention time longer than 99 ms.
Magnetic field and microstructural effects on the electrical capacitance and resistance of a quadrupolar electrical capacitor based on cotton fabrics and carbonyl iron microparticles
Authors: Bica Ioan , Mircea Anitas Eugen
Published: November 2022

In this work we present a procedure for manufacturing an electrical device in the form of a quadrupolar electrical capacitor (QEC). The device is based on cotton fiber fabrics with carbonyl iron (CI) microparticles and self-adhesive copper foil, and surgical tape in the form of polyacrylic fiber fabrics, as element of consolidation and electrical insulation. By using an RLC electrical bridge, the equivalent electrical capacitance (C) and resistance (R) at the two gates of the QEC are measured as a function of magnetic flux density B. It is shown that both C and R have different values at the two gates and are sensitively influenced by the magnetic field. When

0
⩽
B
(
mT
)
⩽
100

, the electrical response function at the two gates has a resistive character due to magnetostriction of CI microparticles in the QEC body. For fixed voltages at one of the gates, B-dependent voltages are measured at the other gate. The structure at the two gates are quantified in terms of fractal parameters obtained from scanning electron microscopy images. The obtained characteristics shows that the obtained QEC can be used as a magnetic controllable resistor or as a magnetic field sensor for patients wearing pacemakers.
Irreversibility beyond Landauer’s principle: is it possible to perform erasure using the quantum homogenizer?
Authors: Violaris Maria , Marletto Chiara
Published: November 2022

Erasure is fundamental for information processing. It is also key in connecting information theory and thermodynamics, as it is a logically irreversible task. We provide a new angle on this connection, noting that there may be an additional cost to erasure, that is not captured by standard results such as Landauer’s principle. To make this point we use a model of irreversibility based on constructor theory—a recently proposed generalization of the quantum theory of computation. The model uses a machine called the ‘quantum homogenizer’, which has the ability to approximately realise the transformation of a qubit from any state to any other state and remain approximately unchanged, through overall entirely unitary interactions. We argue that when performing erasure via quantum homogenization there is an additional cost to performing the erasure step of the Szilard’s engine, because it is more difficult to reliably produce pure states in a cycle than to produce maximally mixed states. We also discuss the implications of this result for the cost of erasure in more general terms.
Unextendible and uncompletable product bases in every bipartition
Authors: Shi Fei , Li Mao-Sheng , Zhang Xiande , Zhao Qi
Published: November 2022

Unextendible product basis is an important object in quantum information theory and features a broad spectrum of applications, ranging from quantum nonlocality to quantum cryptography. A generalized concept called uncompletable product basis also attracts much attention. In this paper, we find some unextendible product bases that are uncompletable product bases in every bipartition, which answers a 19 year-old open question proposed by DiVincenzo et al (2003 Commun. Math. Phys.
238 379–410). As a consequence, we connect such unextendible product bases to local hiding of information, positive-partial-transpose entangled states and genuinely entangled states. Furthermore, we give a sufficient condition for the existence of an unextendible product basis that is still unextendible in every bipartition, and the existence of such a UPB is another open question proposed by Demianowic et al (2018 Phys. Rev. A 98 012313). Our results advance the understanding of the geometry of unextendible product bases.
Switchable strong coupling between dual hyperbolic phonon polaritons and photons in hybrid structure of metasurfaces and h-BN slab
Authors: Li Meiqi , Ma Qichang , Luo Aiping , Hong Weiyi
Published: November 2022

We propose an all-dielectric hybrid structure combined with hexagonal boron nitride slab and strontium titanate (STO) metasurfaces to excite dual hyperbolic phonon polaritons (HPhPs) and an additional optical (TO) phonon, and achieve their strong coupling with photons. The metasurfaces, supporting tunable guided-mode resonance via adjusting the external temperature, consists of STO two-dimensional grating and STO layer. Thus, the strong coupling can be switched and tuned actively between the dual HPhPs and TO phonon via adjusting the external temperature of metasurfaces. This work has numerous potential applications on multi-channel biosensors, filters and tunable source and detectors.
The impact of dual time delay and Caputo fractional derivative on the long-run behavior of a viral system with the non-cytolytic immune hypothesis
Authors: Naim Mouhcine , Sabbar Yassine , Zahri Mostafa , Ghanbari Behzad , Zeb Anwar , Gul Nadia , Djilali Salih , Lahmidi Fouad
Published: November 2022

Proceeding from the fact that fractional systems can better characterize the virological properties than the ordinary formulation, in the present study, we treat a Caputo fractional order viral formulation under some interesting assumptions. Our model incorporates the time delay hypothesis as well as the non-cytolytic immune mechanism and inhibition of viral replication. Analytically, we show that our enhanced delayed viral model exhibits the following three equilibria: virus-clear steady point◦, immune-free steady state1⋆, and immunity-activated steady point with the humoral feedback2⋆. By determining two critical values◦and1, the asymptotic stability of all said steady points is examined and the dynamical bifurcation associated with time delay is also explored. This theoretical arsenal provides an excellent insight into the long-run behavior of the infection. Numerically, we check the reliability of our results by highlighting the influence of fractional derivatives and time lags on the stability of steady points. We mention that our work enrich and generalize the work of Dharet al[11] by considering a general hypothetical setting.
Nonlinear Langmuir oscillations in an ultrarelativistic degenerate quantum electron-ion plasma
Authors: Khalil T H , El-Depsy A , El-Taibany W F , Selim M M
Published: November 2022

The investigation of the nonlinear Langmuir associations in an ultrarelativistic, fully degenerate quantum plasma, composed of stationary ions and warm electrons is considered. The quantum hydrodynamic model with the equation of state of electrons is used to derive a nonlinear differential equation that describes the chemical potential of electrons. Then, the Runge Kutta method is used to solve this equation numerically. Hence, the profiles of the chemical potential and electron number density are graphically presented. Numerical results show that the Bohm quantum force produces small scale quantum Langmuir oscillations along with the classical oscillations. These findings are helpful in understanding the features of nonlinear Langmuir waves in various astrophysical plasmas such as planetary interiors and compact objects.
Corrigendum: Spin domains in ground state of a trapped spin-1 condensate: A general study under Thomas-Fermi approximation (2020 Phys. Scr.
95 045702)
Authors: Kanjilal Projjwal K , Bhattacharyay A
Published: November 2022

We report some corrections in a few domain-formation diagrams arising due to a sign correction in the energy density of PM/APM states and an additional term in the energy density of MF1/MF2 states. The entire general method developed and presented for the analysis of domain formation scenarios under the Thomas-Fermi approximation remains unaffected because that is independent of energy density expressions.
Direct measurement for general quantum states using parametric quantum circuits
Authors: Wang Zhiyuan , Zhang Zijing , Zhao Yuan
Published: November 2022

In the field of quantum information, the acquisition of information for unknown quantum states is very important. When we only need to obtain specific elements of a state density matrix, the traditional quantum state tomography will become very complicated, because it requires a global quantum state reconstruction. Direct measurement of the quantum state allows us to obtain arbitrary specific matrix elements of the quantum state without state reconstruction, so direct measurement schemes have obtained extensive attention. Recently, some direct measurement schemes based on weak values have been proposed, but extra auxiliary states in these schemes are necessary and it will increase the complexity of the practical experiment. Meanwhile, the post-selection process in the scheme will reduce the utilization of resources. In order to avoid these disadvantages, a direct measurement scheme without auxiliary states is proposed in this paper. In this scheme, we achieve the direct measurement of quantum states by using quantum circuits, then we extend it to the measurement of general multi-particle states and complete the error analysis. Finally, when we take into account the dephasing of the quantum states, we modify the circuits and the modified circuits still work for the dephasing case.
Leptoquark and vector-like quark extended model for simultaneousexplanation of W boson mass and muon g–2 anomalies*
Authors: He Shi-Ping
Published: November 2022

The CDF collaboration recently announced a new measurement result for the W boson mass, and it is in tension with the standard model prediction. In this paper, we explain this anomaly in the vector-like quark (VLQ)

and leptoquark (LQ)

extended model. In this model, both the VLQ and LQ have positive corrections to the W boson mass. Moreover, it may be a solution to the

anomaly because of the chiral enhancements from top, T, and B quarks.
Classifying Globular Clusters and Applying them to Estimate the mass of the Milky Way
Authors: Sun GuangChen , Wang Yougang , Liu Chao , Long Richard J. , Chen Xuelei , Gao Qi
Published: November 2022

We combine the kinematics of 159 globular clusters (GCs) provided by the Gaia Early Data Release 3 (EDR3) with other observational data to classify the GCs, and to estimate the mass of the Milky Way (MW). We use the age–metallicity relation, integrals of motion, action space and the GC orbits to identify the GCs as either formed in situ (Bulge and Disk) or ex situ (via accretion). We find that 45.3% have formed in situ, while 38.4% may be related to known merger events: Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus, the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy, the Helmi streams, the Sequoia galaxy and the Kraken galaxy. We also further identify three new sub-structures associated with the Gaia–Sausage–Enceladus. The remaining 16.3% of GCs are unrelated to the known mergers and thought to be from small accretion events. We select 46 GCs which have radii 8.0 < r < 37.3 kpc and obtain the anisotropy parameter

β
=

0.315

−
0.049

+
0.055

, which is lower than the recent result using the sample of GCs in Gaia Data Release 2, but still in agreement with it by considering the error bar. By using the same sample, we obtain the MW mass inside the outermost GC as

M
(
<
37.3

kpc
)
=

0.423

−
0.02

+
0.02

×

10
12

M
☉

, and the corresponding

M

200

=

1.11

−
0.18

+
0.25

×

10

12

M

⊙

. The estimated mass is consistent with the results in many recent studies. We also find that the estimated β and mass depend on the selected sample of GCs. However, it is difficult to determine whether a GC fully traces the potential of the MW.
Detection and discrimination of electrical stimuli from an upper limb cuff electrode in M. Mulatta
Authors: Schlichenmeyer T C , Zellmer E R , Burton H , Ray W Z , Moran D W
Published: November 2022

Objective. Peripheral nerve interfaces seek to restore nervous system function through electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves. In clinical use, these devices should function reliably for years or decades. In this study, we assessed evoked sensations from multi-channel cuff electrode stimulation in macaque monkeys up to 711 d post-implantation. Approach. Three trained macaque monkeys received multi-channel cuff electrode implants at the median or ulnar nerves in the upper arm. Electrical stimuli from the cuff interfaces evoked sensations, which we measured via standard psychophysical tasks. We adjusted pulse amplitude or pulse width for each block with various electrode channel configurations to examine the effects of stimulus parameterization on sensation. We measured detection thresholds and just-noticeable differences (JNDs) at irregular, near-daily intervals for several months using Bayesian inferencing from trial data. We examined data trends using classical models such as Weber’s Law and the strength-duration relationship using linear regression. Main results. Detection thresholds were similar between blocks with pulse width modulation and blocks with pulse amplitude modulation when represented as charge per pulse, the product of the amplitude and the pulse width. Conversely, Weber fractions—calculated as the slope of the regression between JND charge values and reference stimulus charge—were significantly different between pulse width and pulse amplitude modulation blocks for the discrimination task. Significance. Weber fractions were lower in blocks with amplitude modulation than in blocks with pulse width modulation, suggesting that pulse amplitude modulation allows finer resolution of sensory encoding above threshold. Consequently, amplitude modulation may enable a greater dynamic range for sensory perception with neuroprosthetic devices.
Analysis and Design of Signal Noise Reduction for Flight Control System Based on Micro Mechanical Sensor
Authors: Wen Hailong , Wang Xiaohua
Published: November 2022

Three-dimensional profile measurement system is designed based on the Cortex-M3 series processor. Firstly, a digital low pass filter first is design high performance and low computational cost. Then the output signals from the acceleration sensor, magnetic sensor and gyro are sampled and filtered and a signal modulation circuit is designed to process the signal of gyro, which can improve the efficiency of the sensitive device and effectively suppress the zero drift caused by the device itself. Therefor the stability of the three-dimensional profile measurement system is improved greatly.
Surface modification of titanium with antibacterial porous N-halamine coating to prevent peri-implant infection
Authors: Lan Guobo , Chu Xiao , Li Chaohui , Zhang Chi , Miao Guiqiang , Li Wenyong , Peng Feng , Zhao Xiaodong , Li Mei
Published: November 2022

Peri-implant infection remains one of the greatest threats to orthopedics. The construction of bone implants with good antibacterial and osteogenic properties is beneficial for reducing the risk of implant-related infections and healing bone defects. In this study, N-halamine coating (namely N–Cl) was grafted onto alkali-heat treated titanium (Ti) using polydopamine to endow Ti-based orthopedic implants with strong bactericidal activity. Surface characterization revealed that the N–Cl coating has porous structure loaded with active chlorine (Cl+). The N–Cl coating also provided micro/nano-structured Ti surfaces with excellent antibacterial ability via transformation between N–H and N–Cl, and approximately 100% disinfection was achieved. Furthermore, the as-prepared N–Cl coating exhibited good biocompatibility and osteogenesis ability in vitro. These results indicate that applying N–Cl coatings on Ti could prevent and treat peri-implant infections.
Reanalysis-based contextualization of real-time snow cover monitoring from space
Authors: Gascoin Simon , Monteiro Diego , Morin Samuel
Published: November 2022

Satellite remote sensing provides real-time information on the extent of the snow cover. However, the period of record is generally too short to build a reference climatology from these data alone, preventing their use as climatic indicators. Here we show that reanalysis data can be used to reconstruct a 30 year snow cover time series that fits well with the satellite observations. This climatology can then be used to put the current state of the snow cover into perspective. We implemented this approach to provide real-time information on the snow cover area in the Alps through a web application.
Painlevé I and exact WKB: Stokes phenomenon for two-parameter transseries
Authors: van Spaendonck Alexander , Vonk Marcel
Published: November 2022

For more than a century, the Painlevé I equation has played an important role in both physics and mathematics. Its two-parameter family of solutions was studied in many different ways, yet still leads to new surprises and discoveries. Two popular tools in these studies are the theory of isomonodromic deformation that uses the exact WKB method, and the asymptotic description of transcendents in terms of two-parameter transseries. Combining methods from both schools of thought, we follow work by Takei and collaborators to formulate complete, two-parameter connection formulae for solutions when they cross arbitrary Stokes lines in the complex plane. These formulae allow us to study Stokes phenomenon for the full two-parameter family of transseries solutions. In particular, we recover the exact expressions for the Stokes data that were recently found by Baldino, Schwick, Schiappa and Vega and compare our connection formulae to theirs. We also explain several ambiguities in relating transseries parameter choices to actual Painlevé transcendents, study the monodromy of formal solutions, and provide high-precision numerical tests of our results.
tt∗ Toda equations for surface defects in SYM and instanton counting for classical Lie groups
Authors: Bonelli Giulio , Globlek Fran , Tanzini Alessandro
Published: November 2022

The partition function ofsuper Yang-Mills theories with arbitrary simple gauge group coupled to a self-dual Ω background is shown to be fully determined by studying the renormalization group equations relevant to the surface operators generating its one-form symmetries. The corresponding system of equations results in anon-autonomousToda chain on the root system of the Langlands dual, the evolution parameter being the RG scale. A systematic algorithm computing the full multi-instanton corrections is derived in terms of recursion relations whose gauge theoretical solution is obtained just by fixing the perturbative part of the IR prepotential as its asymptotic boundary condition for the RGE. We analyze the explicit solutions of theτ-system for all the classical groups at the diverse levels, extend our analysis to affine twisted Lie algebras and provide conjectural bilinear relations for theτ-functions of linear quiver gauge theory.
Mixed effects of moderate exercise and subsequent various food ingestion on breath acetone
Authors: Nagamine Koichiro , Mineta Daiki , Ishida Koji , Katayama Keisho , Kondo Takaharu
Published: November 2022

Acetone, which is exhaled with breath, is a by-product of lipolysis and could be used as a simple, useful indicator of lipolysis in the body because, unlike blood sampling, it can be measured non-invasively and repeatedly. Breath acetone concentration, however, is known to be affected by several factors such as exercise and food. We designed the experiments to evaluate the mixed effect on breath acetone of exercise and food ingestion in order to enhance the usefulness of breath acetone for monitoring fat loss. Seven healthy males performed moderate exercise for twice of 45 min with an interval of 15 min then rested for 4 h. Exhaled air was sampled every 15 min throughout the experiment. The subjects took one of four types, sugar-rich, balanced, protein-rich and fat-rich, of food for lunch one hour after the exercises or kept fasting. In the case of fasting, breath acetone kept increasing significantly (p < 0.05) compared with the rest value after the exercises until the end of the experiment. In contrast, in the case of taking any type of food, the change in breath acetone varied according to the food type. In the case of taking sugar-rich food, breath acetone significantly decreased (p < 0.05) compared with the fasting case. This decrease might be due to a suppression of acetone production when carbohydrates such as sugar are supplied to a body in the fasting condition. In contrast, in the case of taking fat-rich food, breath acetone showed the higher level than the fasting case. This additional increase might be attributable to the promotion of ketone bodies production, including acetone, due to the ingestion of medium chain triglycerides contained in the fat-rich food. We should therefore consider exercise and food ingestion in using breath acetone as a non-invasive indicator of lipolysis.
Effect of helmholtz resonator shape on suppression of thermo-acoustic instability
Authors: Deshmukh N N , Ansari A , Phalak A , Mathew J D’sa ‘M Chaudhari’ A
Published: November 2022

In combustion chambers thermo-acoustic instabilities arise due to the coupling between the unsteady heat release and pressure fluctuations. The instabilities created cause serious structural vibration, flame blow out, increase in heat transfer and damage, thereby reducing the life span and performance of jet engines, gas turbines and industrial burners. Therefore, there is need to develop a simple technique for effective control of these instabilities. The present work involves experimental study of thermo-acoustic instabilities occurring in a Rijke tube and their suppression by using Helmholtz resonators of different shape (a passive method of suppression). The combustor model is replaced by Rijke tube which is an experimental setup extensively employed for research purpose. Rijke tube is provided with a co-axial pre-mixed gas burner as the source of heat which could be placed at any desired position. When a heat source with proper air to fuel ratio is placed at about one fourth of the tube length, 3rd mode of instability is obtained and a loud noise of frequency 681 Hz is produced. A comparative study of thermo-acoustic instability suppression using cylindrical, spherical and conical Helmholtz resonators has been performed. Spherical resonator has been found to be the most effective one imparting a maximum damping effect of 20 dB and an average damping effect of 10.5 dB.
Experimental Investigation on Heat Transfer Performance of Rotatory Desiccant Dehumidifier
Authors: Alam Zafar , Hussain Taliv
Published: November 2022

Dry air plays an essential role in achieving human comfort and in other applications like product drying, food storage, etc. one of the best methods to produce dry air is by employing a desiccant dehumidifier. A rotatory desiccant wheel with silica gel is used in the present work. Current work involves the optimization of the desiccant wheel performance in terms of airflow rates along with ambient temperatures. Optimization of desiccant wheel is suggested by maximum value of various performance parameters involved in this study. Required conditions have been set up by the pre-treatment section installed before the desiccant wheel. At the regeneration section two electric heater (250 watt each) is fitted through which the desiccant material is regenerated. This work is conducted for humid and hot conditions and found that the optimum functioning of desiccant wheel dehumidifier is found at 31°C ambient temperature and at the inlet 3.5 m/s velocity of air.
A Technical Review of Available Desiccant Design Techniques
Authors: Sharma Ajay , Mishra Shubham Kumar , Verma Ashutosh Kumar , Yadav Laxmikant
Published: November 2022

Desiccant wheel system is a topic of research because of increased requirement in HVAC industry and in dehumidification industry. In HVAC industry desiccant cooling system operating on regenerating heat supply from renewable source as solar are making their impact and desiccant wheel plays important role as main part in dehumidification industry. It’s been approximately two decades since the desiccant wheel has made around in market for large level. Many designs and technologies are already available for desiccant wheels and some are available within the research and experiments only. This article provides a better understanding of available research and designs for desiccant wheel systems. Review for difference of liquid and solid desiccants operated cooling systems, various regenerating technologies used for desiccant different desiccant material and different materials for subtract of desiccant wheel, different construction design in terms of number of sectors and direction of air flowing in the desiccant sections prepared and discussed here. Apart from this various simulation models of desiccant systems studied based on mathematical models are studied here. Based on these reviews an effective conclusion is given for desiccant operated systems. At the end of the review future possibilities for advancement in desiccant industries are mentioned.
Heat Integration and Heat Exchanger Network Design with Aspen Energy Analyze
Authors: Pethe K R , Dabhade P M , Kolekar V J , Sardare M D
Published: November 2022

The considerable amount of energy used in industrial processes is typically used for heating and cooling. The synthesis of heat ex-changer networks (HEN) is a critical topic in this industry in order to reduce energy and capital costs in chemical plants. Heating and cooling systems in industry must be designed efficiently, which can be done using technologies like pinch analysis to create an optimal heat recovery network. Heat pinch analysis is a systematic method for designing thermally efficient systems. A designer can determine the minimum heating and cooling requirements as well as the maximum heat recovery (MHR) potential by locating a thermodynamic bottleneck, or the pinch point for heat recovery. This Paper uses Aspen Energy Analyzer for HEN Design.

Heat integration network design is a cost-effective strategy that helps industries to cut costs by reducing the number of external utilities needed and increase profitability by lowering energy consumption. The HENs’ composite curves, grand composite curves, grid representation, and target reports were created using the Aspen Energy Analyzer. The software suggested ten designs, which were then optimized based on total annualized cost. By comparing it to other optimized designs, the best design is determined.
Utilization of Waste Heat from Condenser of Domestic Refrigerator for Water Heating
Authors: Patel Wasim Babulal , Charkha Pranav G. , Joshi Amol V. , Wadadkar Jitendra N.
Published: November 2022

Conservation of energy is very important factor in economic and financial development of country. Refrigeration system utilizes enormous amount and lost from refrigerator is also a major concern which ultimately rejected to atmosphere causing rise in temperature. On the other hand electricity is consumed to heat water. So it is necessary to utilize this rejected heat. In this paper the extracted heat from refrigeration is used to heat water by utilizing water cooled condenser without affecting COP of the system. The setup is installed on domestic refrigerator containing condensing coil, temperature sensors for reading and insulated tank attached to domestic refrigerator as it is widely used in almost every house.
Application of Drone Systems for Spraying Pesticides in Advanced Agriculture: A Review
Authors: Borikar Ganesh P. , Gharat Chaitanya , Deshmukh Sachin R.
Published: November 2022

The farmers in agriculture fields face health problems due to diseases caused by pesticides and insecticides. Thousands of cases result in adverse health effects when spraying pesticides manually onto crop fields. The use of drones for spraying pesticides is a promising alternative to manual spraying. It represents a major emerging field in India. Therefore, this article is an attempt to explore the latest technological advances and applications in Hardware, Flight Controller (FC) & Electronic Speed Controller (ESC), Smart Agricultural Sensors, and Spraying Systems. To make a mention, a few key advancements in drone systems are: The crops can be monitored by the use of a multispectral camera, mounted on a drone. The drone spraying system makes use of GPS coordinates to auto-navigate GPS coordinates to spray the pesticides on the infected areas in real-time as soon as the camera takes a picture of the spraying area. Different types of nozzles are applied to lead to specific sprinkling speeds and adaption of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) via smartphone. Auto control of the quantity of pesticide as per the speed of the drone and use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) for smart drone path control. Along with challenges in spraying technology, the possible direction of future research is highlighted. These technology upgrades lead to precision spraying, along with uniformity and less time. It could attract more and more farmers to spray pesticides by drone and increase crop yields in the coming years.
Design and Development of Process Equipments for Extraction of Coconut Shell’s Activated Carbon, Bio Oil and Syngas
Authors: Parshiwanikar T , Handa C
Published: November 2022

There has been an increasing demand for safe water which can be produced by conversion of agricultural waste to usable energy forms which has attracted many researchers to develop a system, because of chip & ready availability of stuff, increase in energy cost furthermore as greater pressure on the environment by the employment of fossil fuels. Thermal pyrolysis is one amongst the strategy which will be applied to effectively utilize agricultural wastes as source of energy production. Within the present work, the assorted process equipment’s are design and developed for extraction of activated carbon, bio oil and syngas from waste of coconut shells. During this process, the thermal pyrolysis i.e. carbonization and activation are performed. This paper attempts to confer the generalized design consideration for pyrolysis reactor, condenser & boiler.
Development of Coil Spring Suspension System with Air Bellows
Authors: Ratekkar Abhijit , Gulhane Sahil , Meshram Suraj , Borker Mahesh , Khan A.R. , Shelke R.S.
Published: November 2022

Most of the mass production cars use only coil springs in their suspension systems. We have developed a combination of coil spring suspension with air bellows to reduce the vibrations of the vehicle in mass production cars. Our design proposes and successfully implemented the use of coil springs and the air bellows that will reduce the vehicle’s vibrations and provide some amount of cushioning effect to the passengers and Driver. The coil spring is placed on the top of air bellows only in the rear suspension. And calculated the vibration using I Dynamics app.
Welding defect detection using artificial neural network and support vector machine
Authors: Gundewar Swapnil , Kane Prasad , Behara Santosh , Kumar Uttam
Published: November 2022

Welding is an important operation in manufacturing that finds wide applications while joining components. Many destructive and non-destructive techniques are applied to ensure the quality of welded joints. In this paper, an attempt is made to apply the vibration-based technique along with the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) to classify the defects of welded joints. Features datasets extracted from the acquired vibration signals during experimentation on the test’s samples fabricated with and without defects are applied to pattern recognition techniques for fault identification. The accuracy of detection of defects using ANN is found to be 90.1% while for SVM it is found to be 92.85% for test datasets. The accuracy of classification obtained for the detection and classification of defects is found to be encouraging demonstrating the suitability of the proposed vibration-based approach to the development of a decision support system for non-destructive testing for defect identification.
An application of quality tools to improve the tyre remanufacturing process
Authors: Gaidhane Jeevan , Karadbhajane Asmit , Khalatkar Abhay , Ullah Inayat
Published: November 2022

The tyre remanufacturing industries are facing quality and performance issues of the remanufactured tyres as they have developed their own tyre retreading methods due to the lack of standardized retreading process guidelines. This study focuses on identifying the challenges of the tyre remanufacturing process, highlighting various defects in retread tyres and their causes so that the challenges could be mitigated and the quality and performance of the tyres could be improved. To achieve the objectives of the study, the quality tools including fishbone diagram and Pareto chart has been used. For the above analysis, the data has been collected through multiple field visits and semi-structured interviews. The findings of the study indicate that organizations can improve the utilization of worn-out tyres by identifying tyre retreading defects and their causes and by implementing corrective actions at different stages in the tyre remanufacturing. According to cause-and-effect analysis, the defects found are failure of tread due to lack of standard tread joint method, side bulge generation due to sidewall degrading, and failure of the buffer layer due to tread and sidewall crack. Besides, a few recommendations are made for tyre remanufacturing to increase productivity and minimize the defects generation in retreaded tyres.
Research Progress in Life Cycle Assessment for Sustainable Manufacturing Industries: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Yadav Alok , Agrawal Rajeev , Garg Rajiv Kumar , Sachdeva Anish
Published: November 2022

Many tools for analysing the sustainability of manufacturing industries, such as life cycle assessment (LCA), have been created as the debate over sustainable manufacturing has grown. A bibliometric analysis is conducted for a scientific paper in Scopus databases on the subject of LCA, focusing on studies related to manufacturing industries from a sustainable point of view. This study compiled a portfolio of papers on LCA-based sustainable manufacturing industries. In the present study, a total of 133 publications are found from the Scopus database between the periods when LCA was added in the ISO series (1997) to 2020. The study was carried out using R studio and the Bibliometrix R package. The primary data for the present study is collected from the database of Scopus in BibTex format, after which is analysed in R studio for exploration using the command. The annual scientific production of Life cycle Sustainability Assessment papers is discovered, with a 13.39 % increase in article publication. According to the findings, developed countries produced the most publications compared to developing nations. When comparing a number of publications, India ranks fourth. According to the thematic analysis, the bulk of papers tried to examine manufacturing industries' environmental implications. However, other publications have combined LCA with additional methodologies to provide a more comprehensive analysis that considers the social and economic pillars of sustainable manufacturing. The study also emphasises the importance of LCA in manufacturing process decision-making. There are numerous novel contributions, such as categorising published data using scientific indexes and bibliometrics, describing the main research approaches, and highlighting future research opportunities to provide academics and practitioners with an overview of LCA implementation in the field of sustainable Manufacturing industries.
Review on study of design optimization for additive manufacturing of various mechanical/machine components
Authors: Upare P , Kalatkar A , Shelke R
Published: November 2022

In this paper we are going to know about various researchers who had done various projects on design optimization and then further they manufactured them by additive manufacturing machine which we need while performing our project. Lightweight design provides many advantages in the product development process, such as reduced material consumption, process reduction, and energy usage. This review article explains the ideas of design optimization, topology optimization, and additive manufacturing and how they may be applied to any machine or automobile component. The study of numerical optimization techniques used to the design of various components in which size, form, and structure optimization may be done is known as design optimization. Optimization of Topology is a structural optimization. It optimises the material distribution in a design part or product. Additive manufacturing often called as 3Dimensional printing, a technique which involves layering of materials & creates a 3D component. During the creation of a product, these principles are critical in determining the best size, form, and topology.
Analytical study of HRM practices in industry 5.0
Authors: Ganer S D , Kediya S O , Suchak A K , Dey S K , Band G.
Published: November 2022

The industry 5.0 is the new revolution in which transition is going right now from industry 4.0. While industry 4.0 consisted of technological developments in the fields of data analytics, cyber physical systems and huge exposure to Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, IoT etc., Industry 5.0 is all about mass customisation or personalization of these existing technologies. While the world is going through this transition the current Human Resource Management of the organizations also has to go through this transition. The present research analyses certain factors affecting the HRM practises during this process. There are hypotheses formed on factors such as better performance, emotional intelligence, automation, and cross disciplinary workforce. The authors also try to propose certain possible and suitable suggestions based on analysis of these hypotheses towards smooth processing of the transition.
Zernike polynomials and their applications
Authors: Niu Kuo , Tian Chao
Published: November 2022

The Zernike polynomials are a complete set of continuous functions orthogonal over a unit circle. Since first developed by Zernike in 1934, they have been in widespread use in many fields ranging from optics, vision sciences, to image processing. However, due to the lack of a unified definition, many confusing indices have been used in the past decades and mathematical properties are scattered in the literature. This review provides a comprehensive account of Zernike circle polynomials and their noncircular derivatives, including history, definitions, mathematical properties, roles in wavefront fitting, relationships with optical aberrations, and connections with other polynomials. We also survey state-of-the-art applications of Zernike polynomials in a range of fields, including the diffraction theory of aberrations, optical design, optical testing, ophthalmic optics, adaptive optics, and image analysis. Owing to their elegant and rigorous mathematical properties, the range of scientific and industrial applications of Zernike polynomials is likely to expand. This review is expected to clear up the confusion of different indices, provide a self-contained reference guide for beginners as well as specialists, and facilitate further developments and applications of the Zernike polynomials.