bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dr ALM’s Medico Legal Series-Part 4-Sponge Left Inside the Abdomen-Gross Medical Negligence (Sweta Khandelwal vs Dr. A.K. Jain & 2 Ors. on 3 June, 2022, NCDRC, NEW DELHI Revision Petition NO. 1989 of 2016)
Authors: Sundaram Alagappan Meenakshi
Published: December 2024

Foreign body left peroperatively in the abdomen is a nightmare for the surgeon and prevention is always better than cure. Cesarean delivery (LSCS) was conducted on Sweta Khandelwal at Delhi. The patient was discharged though her condition was not good. She approached the doctor again, but she was sent back stating that everything was fine. Her sutures were removed, but she was not feeling well. She again visited the doctor who told her that it was a problem of indigestion. On September 23, 2012, she developed unbearable abdominal pain, and her abdomen was swollen. She was admitted in a different hospital in Delhi and was operated. During the operation, the doctors found infected sponge and 1.5 l of pus in the pouch of Douglas (POD). She was discharged in good condition. Thus, being aggrieved by the alleged carelessness of the doctors, the patient filed a complaint before the National Commission. The National Commission found the Doctors are grossly negligent and directed to pay Rs. 5 lakh to the patient within 6 weeks from the receipt of copy of the orders, failing which the doctors shall be liable to pay 7% interest till its realization.
Clinical Usefulness of Artificial Intelligence in Physiotherapy – A Practice-based Review
Authors: Nambi Gopal , Alghadier Mshari , Mohamed Shahul Hameed Pakkir , Aldhafian Osama Rashed , Alshahrani Naif A. , Albarakati Alaa Jameel A.
Published: December 2024

This review explores the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into physiotherapy practice, focusing on its impact on diagnostic tools, personalized treatment plans, and ethical considerations. AI systems offer enhanced precision and individualization in patient care through multivariable prediction models, which assess long-term outcomes, particularly for hip fracture patients. Although some models show potential for improving treatment pathways and prognostic accuracy, further research is needed to develop more reliable and efficacious AI applications. One significant application of AI in physiotherapy lies in the development of tailored rehabilitation programs. Machine learning algorithms analyze a patient’s medical records and response to prior treatments to create custom care plans, increasing compliance and enhancing clinical decision-making. Continuous feedback loops enable adaptability in treatment plans based on patient reports, further strengthening the practitioner–patient relationship and improving patient satisfaction. Despite the numerous benefits, the integration of AI technologies carries ethical implications. Ensuring patient information confidentiality is crucial, as AI requires extensive data sets to train algorithms. In addition, the role of human empathy and emotional support in therapeutic settings raises questions about AI’s potential replacement in these aspects of care. Clear guidelines and regulatory frameworks are necessary to protect patients’ rights while leveraging AI’s benefits for enhanced clinical outcomes without compromising the foundational values of compassionate care in physiotherapy. Gait analysis, natural language processing, physioGPT, and PostureFix are few of the AI tools used. In conclusion, the incorporation of AI into physiotherapy represents a cultural shift toward more precise and personalized patient care. While showing promise in improving treatment pathways and predicting long-term outcomes, ongoing research should focus on developing robust evaluation metrics for AI applications’ efficacy and reliability. Ethical considerations must be addressed to ensure the safe integration of AI technologies while maintaining the humanistic principles that underpin physiotherapy practice.
Clinical Pragmatism Creatively Combines Pragmatic Ethics with Sense of Coherence and Evidence-based Practice
Authors: Sethuraman K. R.
Published: December 2024

This article describes the development of biomedical ethics from a deductive, principlist approach to an inductive, pragmatic ethics framework. This approach is driven by the necessity of ethics-based decision-making in clinical environments. Pragmatic ethics puts more emphasis on the practice of practical, useful, and beneficial actions based on individual patient needs. Therefore, this shift from the traditional deontological principles demonstrates the trend toward ethics applied in real life, with the use of case scenarios on critical medical decisions as an example. Central to the pragmatic ethics approach are three pillars: a pragmatic method of inquiry that uses the best available evidence, contextual problem-solving, and collaboration with patients in decision-making. The text contrasts pragmatic ethics with utilitarian ethics by using examples to show how pragmatism focuses on realistic outcomes rather than abstract ideals. This, for its part, introduces Clinical Pragmatism as one of the required skills by the clinicians that covers an 11-step process that has integration in both evidence-based medicine (EBM) and a sense of coherence (SOC). EBM grounds the clinical practices on the best available evidence, whereas SOC brings about an all-encompassing comprehension of values and needs in patients. It, therefore, augments the outcome of treatment. In conclusion, pragmatic ethics, especially within clinical practice, offers a flexible and nuanced framework that respects patient autonomy and aligns with the evolving complexities of healthcare, balancing ethical principles with practical application to optimize patient care.
Comparative evaluation of McCoy laryngoscope and The Anaesthetist Society Scope for intubation in patients with anticipated difficult airway
Authors: Saya Raghavendra Prasad , Somula Vijaya Durga , Tappa Muneer Ahmed , Tharigonda Balaji , Chiruvella Sunil
Published: December 2024

Background and Aim:

McCoy laryngoscope and video laryngoscopes (VLS) are being increasingly used in practice as they offer advantages over Macintosh laryngoscope in the management of difficult airway. The present study was aimed at comparing McCoy laryngoscope and The Anaesthetist Society Scope (TAScope) VLS regarding ease of intubation using Intubation Difficulty Scale (IDS) score in patients with an anticipated difficult airway.

Methods:

A total of 80 patients of either sex, belonging to the American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and II, undergoing surgery under general anesthesia and having simplified airway risk index score of 4 and above were randomized to two groups, McCoy group (n = 40) and TAScope group (n = 40). The primary objective of the study was to compare ease of intubation using IDS score in both the groups. Secondary objectives included time for intubation (TI), hemodynamic stress response, and incidence of oropharyngeal trauma.

Results:

Mean IDS score was significantly lower in TAScope group in comparison to McCoy group (0.9 ± 1.35 vs. 3.57 ± 2.46, P < 0.0001). The need for multiple intubation attempts, laryngeal pressure, and excess lifting force was significantly less in TAScope group (P = 0.0493, P = 0.0001 and P = 0.0007, respectively). TI was significantly longer in TAScope group in comparison to McCoy group (45.27 ± 6.06 s vs. 30.95 ± 9.13 s, P < 0.0001). The incidence of oropharyngeal trauma and hemodynamic changes was comparable in both the groups.

Conclusion:

TAScope is superior to McCoy laryngoscope for intubation in adult patients with anticipated difficult airway as it improves glottic view and facilitates easy intubation.
Comparison of the effects of self-selected music and prefixed music on preoperative anxiety in adults undergoing laparoscopic surgery
Authors: Meghana K. V , Choudhuri Pratiti , Gupta Amita , Gupta Anju
Published: December 2024

Background and Aims:

Preoperative anxiety can complicate patient outcomes. Music is a noninvasive method to allay anxiety, as revealed in studies. Self-selected (SS) versus prefixed (PF) music had not been studied much. This study was performed to compare SS and PF music in anxiety reduction in patients undergoing elective laparoscopic surgery.

Methods:

In this prospective study, 90 adults of the American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1–2, either sex, aged 18–65 years were randomized into three groups, SS, PF music, and control (C), and offered music using headphones 20 min before surgery. Heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were noted preoperatively (T1), preinduction (T2), 10 min post-induction (T3), 5 min (T4), 1 (T5), and 2 h (T6) postsurgery. The Visual Analog Scale for anxiety (VAS-A) at T1 and T2, VAS-pain and postoperative nausea and vomiting at T5 and T6, and serum cortisol at T1 and T5 were recorded.

Results:

Group C showed higher VAS-A, HR, SBP, DBP, VAS-pain, and nausea than group-SS and PF (P < 0.05), and higher MAP than group-SS (P < 0.05). The PF group showed higher VAS-A, SBP, DBP, MAP, and VAS-pain than the SS group (P < 0.05). The change in serum cortisol was statistically insignificant.

Conclusion:

Music (SS > PF) reduces preoperative anxiety, postoperative pain, and nausea–vomiting with better hemodynamic stability.
Psychiatric Care, Training and Research in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Lin Chao-Cheng (Chris) , Mentzel Charlotte , Querubin Maria Luz C.
Published: December 2024

Objective:

Aotearoa New Zealand, a commonwealth country, is situated in the South Pacific Ocean, in the southwestern most part of Polynesia. The country comprises two main islands – the North and South Islands – with total population of 5 million. Within this context, the authors describe mental health (including indigenous Māori perspective), psychiatrist training, mental healthcare system, and recent research in New Zealand. This review is intended to familiarize the readers of the Taiwanese Journal of Psychiatry with the current status of psychiatric practice in New Zealand.

Methods:

The authors of this review collected and reviewed relevant literature on psychiatric care, education, training, and research in New Zealand. In addition, official government publications, such as reports from the Stats New Zealand and Ministry of Health, were examined to gather relevant data.

Results:

After providing a brief overview of New Zealand’s geography and history, the authors describe two major ethnic groups, New Zealanders of European descents, and the Māori, who are descendants of Polynesian settlers. Then, the prevalence of psychiatric diseases, trainings for the psychiatrist workforce, the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists, the New Zealand Mental Health Act, and recent psychiatric research are highlighted.

Conclusion:

New Zealand, with dominant European and Māori cultural groups and an emerging Asian population, has a growing, diverse population. Its universal healthcare system, restructured in 2022 under Te Whatu Ora (Health New Zealand) is aimed at enhancing efficiency and equity but faces challenges like Māori underrepresentation in the psychiatry workforce and rising demands from the growing Asian community. While mental health issues have gained government attention, future advancements are needed to improve psychiatrist recruitment and retention, enhance equitable service delivery, strengthen mental health laws, and increase psychiatry funding.
Impulsivity Impacts Suicidality in Patients with Alcohol Use Disorder with and without Comorbid Depression
Authors: Wang Vincent Xi-Yu , Liao Ding-Lieh , Wu En-Liang , Li Chiang-Shan Ray
Published: December 2024

Objective:

The independent rôle of impulsivity in alcoholism patient’s suicidality is less elucidated. In this study, we intended to investigate how impulsivity and depression contribute to suicidality in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD).

Methods:

We recruited 27 adult patients with AUD and major depressive disorder (AUD with MDD) and 33 with AUD only (AUD without MDD). We assessed suicidality, alcohol use severity, depression severity, impulsivity, and other psychiatric comorbidities. Suicidality was quantified for the frequency of previous history of suicide attempts and for current suicide intent/tendency. Impulsivity was measured using the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS). We addressed how impulsivity contributed to both suicidality indices in multiple ordinal regressions.

Results:

Patients with AUD with MDD versus those with AUD without MDD showed significantly higher suicidality (p < 0.001), significantly more severe alcohol (p < 0.01), significantly more polysubstance use (p < 0.05), significantly more anxiety comorbidities (p < 0.05), and significantly higher BIS scores (p < 0.001). In a better-fitting final model using regression with stepwise elimination, the BIS total score was independently and significantly associated with current suicide tendency (p < 0.05) and frequency of previous suicide attempts (p < 0.01). In contrast, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 score was significantly associated only with current suicidal tendencies (p < 0.01), but not with the frequency of previous attempts.

Conclusion:

Depressed patients relative to nondepressed individuals with AUD showed higher suicidality, Barratt impulsivity, and severity of alcohol use. Across groups, BIS impulsivity but not the severity of depression was found to predict suicidality. We suggest that suicide prevention efforts may include assessment of impulsivity in AUD patients.
Subclinical hypothyroidism and type 2 diabetes mellitus: An update
Authors: Singh Shailendra Kumar , Singh Rina , Bedi Sonam , Pandey Arun Kumar , Tiwari Alankar , Rai Pradeep Kumar
Published: December 2024

The relationship between subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is complex and controversial. Many epidemiological studies have reported a positive association; however, few have reported none. In animal models and humans, evidences suggest that hypothyroidism induces insulin resistance, beta cell dysfunction, and increased hepatic glucose production. Untreated SCH can increase the risk of diabetic complications. Beneficial effect of treatment of SCH in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN) and retinopathy has been seen. Treatment of SCH in patients with DM should be individualized. Treatment of SCH is justified in the patients with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) <10 and DN, diabetic retinopathy and patients positive for antithyroid peroxidase antibody. An algorithm for the treatment of SCH in patients with DM is also provided.
Combination therapy rationale in the management of hypothyroidism
Authors: Gupta Manisha , Saraogi Hitesh , Dey Amit Kumar
Published: December 2024

Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine disorder marked by insufficient thyroid hormone production, leading to symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain, and cognitive impairment. The standard treatment is levothyroxine (LT4) monotherapy, intended to normalize thyroid hormone levels. However, some patients continue to experience symptoms despite achieving biochemical euthyroidism. This has led to interest in LT4 and liothyronine combination therapy, which may better replicate the body’s natural thyroid hormone profile by providing both thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). We present case reports illustrating diverse patient responses to combination therapy. Along with case reports we have reviewed the efficacy, safety, and clinical implications of LT4 and LT3 combination therapy compared to LT4 monotherapy. Despite mixed research results, combination therapy shows promise for certain patients, particularly those with persistent symptoms, genetic variations affecting thyroid hormone metabolism, or impaired T4-to-T3 conversion. However, concerns about long-term safety, particularly regarding cardiovascular risk, necessitate cautious patient selection, and individualized treatment plans. Further large-scale, well-designed clinical trials are needed to clarify the long-term efficacy and safety of LT4 and LT3 combination therapy. Identifying biomarkers for predicting patient response will also be crucial for optimizing treatment strategies and improving outcomes for those with hypothyroidism.
L-arginine administration exacerbates myocardial injury in diabetics via prooxidant and proinflammatory mechanisms along with myocardial structural disruption
Authors: Mansouri Rasha A , Aboubakr Esam M , Alshaibi Huda F , Ahmed Adel M
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

L-arginine (L-Arg) is one of the most widely used amino acids in dietary and pharmacological products. However, the evidence on its usefulness and dose limitations, especially in diabetics is still controversial.

AIM

To investigate the effects of chronic administration of different doses of L-Arg on the cardiac muscle of type 2 diabetic rats

METHODS

Of 96 male rats were divided into 8 groups as follows (n = 12): Control, 0.5 g/kg L-Arg, 1 g/kg L-Arg, 1.5 g/kg L-Arg, diabetic, diabetic + 0.5 g/kg L-Arg, diabetic + 1 g/kg L-Arg, and diabetic + 1.5 g/kg L-Arg; whereas L-Arg was orally administered for 3 months to all treated groups.

RESULTS

L-Arg produced a moderate upregulation of blood glucose levels to normal rats, but when given to diabetics a significant upregulation was observed, associated with increased nitric oxide, inflammatory cytokines, and malonaldehyde levels in diabetic rats treated with 1 g/kg L-Arg and 1.5 g/kg L-Arg. A substantial decrease in the antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione concentrations, and Nrf-2 tissue depletion were observed at 1 g/kg and 1.5 g/kg L-Arg diabetic treated groups, associated with myocardial injury, fibrosis, α-smooth muscle actin upregulation, and disruption of desmin cardiac myofilaments, and these effects were not noticeable at normal treated groups. On the other hand, L-Arg could significantly improve the lipid profile of diabetic rats and decrease their body weights.

CONCLUSION

L-Arg dose of 1 g/kg or more can exacerbates the diabetes injurious effects on the myocardium, while 0.5 g/kg dose can improve the lipid profile and decrease the body weight.
Improving nursing care protocols for diabetic patients through a systematic review and meta-analysis of recent years
Authors: Grande-Alonso Mónica , Barbado García María , Cristóbal-Aguado Soledad , Aguado-Henche Soledad , Moreno-Gómez-Toledano Rafael
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

Diabetes mellitus has become one of the major pandemics of the 21st century. In this scenario, nursing interventions are essential for improving self-care and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nursing interventions are crucial for managing the disease and preventing complications.

AIM

To analyse nursing interventions in recent years through a systematic review and meta-analysis and to propose improvements in care plans.

METHODS

This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of nursing interventions on quantitative glycaemic variables, such as glycated haemoglobin and fasting plasma glucose.

RESULTS

After confirming that the combined effect of all studies from the past 5 years positively impacts quantitative variables, a descriptive analysis of the studies with the most significant changes was conducted. Based on this, an improvement in diabetic patient care protocols has been proposed through follow-up plans tailored to the patient’s technological skills.

CONCLUSION

The combined results obtained and the proposal for improvement developed in this manuscript could help to improve the quality of life of many people around the world.
Transcriptome and single-cell profiling of the mechanism of diabetic kidney disease
Authors: Zhou Ying , Fang Xiao , Huang Lin-Jing , Wu Pei-Wen
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

The NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome may play an important role in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). However, the exact link remains unclear.

AIM

To investigate the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in DKD.

METHODS

Using datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, 30 NLRP3 inflammasome-related genes were identified. Differentially expressed genes were selected using differential expression analysis, whereas intersecting genes were selected based on overlapping differentially expressed genes and NLRP3 inflammasome-related genes. Subsequently, three machine learning algorithms were used to screen genes, and biomarkers were identified by overlapping the genes from the three algorithms. Potential biomarkers were validated by western blotting in a db/db mouse model of diabetes.

RESULTS

Two biomarkers, sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) and caspase 1 (CASP1), involved in the Leishmania infection pathway were identified. Both biomarkers were expressed in endothelial cells. Pseudo-temporal analysis based on endothelial cells showed that DKD mostly occurs during the mid-differentiation stage. Western blotting results showed that CASP1 expression was higher in the DKD group than in the control group (P < 0.05), and SIRT2 content decreased (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

SIRT2 and CASP1 provide a potential theoretical basis for DKD treatment.
Effect of SPTLC1 on type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Yi Bo , Bao Yan , Wen Zhong-Yuan
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

Although numerous single nucleotide polymorphism in multiple genes involve in the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), the single gene defects of T2D with strong family history is not clear yet. SPTLC1 are causative for hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy, which is clinical overlapping with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Mice with adipocyte-specific deletion of SPTLC1 had impaired glucose tolerances and insulin sensitivity. Thus, it is necessary to investigate the SPTLC1 mutations in adult-onset T2D with strong family history.

AIM

To analyze the role of SPTLC1 mutation on adult-onset T2D with strong family history.

METHODS

By whole-exome sequence analysis of a patient with T2D and his family members, an uncertain variant in SPTLC1 was identified. Bioinformation analysis was used to evaluate the influence of mutation, rare variant gene-level associations for SPTLC1 in T2D, and the relationship between SPTLC1 mRNA and T2D in human islets from GSE25724. The effect of G371R of SPTLC1 on the characteristics of inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis was also tested on human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells.

RESULTS

A single nucleotide variation in SPTLC1 (c.1111G>A: p.G371R) was identified in a family with T2D. The deleterious variant was predicted by functional analysis through hidden Markov models and mendelian clinically applicable pathogenicity software. This pathogenicity might be derived from the different amino acid properties. In HEK 293T cells, p.G371R of SPTLC1 induced the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α and the percent of apoptosis. Meanwhile, rare variant gene-level associations for SPTLC1 also refer to the high risk of T2D (the overall odds ratio = 2.4968, P = 0.0164). Data from GSE25724 showed that SPTLC1 mRNA was lower in pancreatic islets from T2D human islets (P = 0.046), and was associated with the decreased level of insulin mRNA expression (Spearman r = 0.615, P = 0.025).

CONCLUSION

The study classified SPTLC1 p.G371R mutation as the likely pathogenic mutation from an adult-onset T2D patients with strong family history T2D.
Islet β-cell function preservation by different anti-diabetic treatments in Chinese elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Ling Wei , Wang Yan-Chao , Huang Yi , Ou Yang-Fu , Jiang Yan-Chun
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

The preservation of islet β-cell function in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a top priority for diabetic control.

AIM

To assess the preservation of islet β-cell function among elderly Chinese patients with T2DM after different anti-diabetic treatments.

METHODS

In this longitudinal observational study, elderly patients with T2DM treated with insulin, oral antidiabetic drugs or a combination of both were enrolled to disclose their islet β-cell function between baseline and follow-up. Islet β-cell function was determined by the plasma Homeostasis Model for β-cell function (HOMA-β), C-peptide and area under the curve (AUC) based on oral glucose tolerance test. Changes in β-cell function (decrement or increment from baseline) between different therapy groups were the outcomes.

RESULTS

In total, 745 elderly patients (≥ 60 years) with T2DM [insulin monotherapy, n = 105; oral anti-diabetic drugs (OAD) monotherapy, n = 321; insulin plus OAD, n = 319] had their baseline and follow-up β-cell function assessed during a median observation period of 4.5 years (range, 3.0-7.2 years). Overall, islet β-cell function (HOMA-β, fasting C-peptide, fasting insulin, AUCc-pep, AUCins, AUCc-pep/AUCglu, AUCins/AUCglu) consistently deteriorated over time regardless of the three different antidiabetic treatments. No statistical differences in decrement were observed among the three groups regarding the islet β-cell function indices. All three groups showed an increased ratio of delayed insulin secretion response after 4.5 years of observation.

CONCLUSION

In Chinese elderly patients with T2DM, islet β-cell function progressively declines regardless of insulin supplement or insulin plus OAD treatments.
Investigation and study on the epidemiology of gestational diabetes mellitus in Guizhou
Authors: Dong Lin , Zhong Wei , Qiao Tian , Wang Zhuo , Liang Yi , Zhao Dan-Qing
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a growing public health concern, particularly in regions with diverse ethnic populations. Understanding the incidence and risk factors of GDM is crucial for early prevention and management, especially in underrepresented areas like Guizhou Province, China, where geographic and ethnic diversity may influence the disease’s prevalence and risk profiles.

AIM

To investigate the incidence of GDM and identify its associated risk and protective factors among different ethnic groups in Guizhou Province, providing essential data for early prevention strategies.

METHODS

A multi-center retrospective study was conducted, dividing participants into GDM and non-GDM groups according to standardized diagnostic criteria. Data were collected from 103629 deliveries across 40 hospitals in Guizhou. Various demographic, clinical, and laboratory parameters were analyzed using logistic regression to identify risk and protective factors for GDM.

RESULTS

Among the 103629 deliveries, 18957 cases of GDM were identified, with an incidence of approximately 18.3%. The risk of GDM was higher in the Han ethnic group compared to minority ethnic groups. The Dong ethnic group had the lowest incidence among the minorities. Key risk factors identified included older age (especially > 35 years), higher pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), light physical activity, gravidity, family history of diabetes, hemoglobin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and direct bilirubin. Protective factors included higher education level, total protein, and albumin. There were also differences based on blood type, with type A associated with higher risk.

CONCLUSION

The incidence rate in Guizhou is 18.3%. Older age (especially > 35 years), Han ethnicity, lower education level, higher pre-pregnancy BMI, light physical activity, and higher gravidity are the main risk factors for GDM. Laboratory findings indicate that higher hemoglobin, higher liver function parameters (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and direct bilirubin), and lower total protein and albumin are associated with a higher risk of GDM. Blood type A has a higher risk of GDM compared to blood types AB and O.
Plantamajoside improves type 2 diabetes mellitus pancreatic β-cell damage by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress through Dnajc1 up-regulation
Authors: Wang Duo , Wang Yuan-Song , Zhao Hong-Min , Lu Peng , Li Meng , Li Wei , Cui Huan-Tian , Zhang Zhong-Yong , Lv Shu-Quan
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

Plantamajoside (PMS) has shown potential in mitigating cell damage caused by high glucose (HG) levels. Despite this, the precise therapeutic effects of PMS on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the underlying regulatory mechanisms require further exploration.

AIM

To investigate PMS therapeutic effects on T2DM in mice and elucidate its mechanisms of action through in vivo and in vitro experiments.

METHODS

An in vitro damage model of MIN6 cells was established using HG and palmitic acid (PA). PMS's protective effect on cell damage was assessed. Next, transcriptomics was employed to examine how PMS treatment affects gene expression of MIN6 cells. Furthermore, the effect of PMS on protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum and apoptosis pathways was validated. A T2DM mouse model was used to validate the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of PMS in vivo .

RESULTS

PMS intervention ameliorated cell injury in HG + PA-induced MIN6 cell damage. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum and apoptosis pathways were enriched in cells treated with PMS, with significant downregulation of the gene Dnajc1. Further validation indicated that PMS significantly inhibited the expression of apoptosis-related factors (Bax, CytC) and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-related factors [ATF6, XBP1, Ddit3 (CHOP), GRP78], while promoting the expression of Bcl-2 and Dnajc1. Additionally, the inhibitory effects of PMS on ERS and apoptosis were abolished upon Dnajc1 silencing. Furthermore, in vivo experiments demonstrated that PMS intervention effectively improved pancreatic damage, suppressed the expression of apoptosis-related factors (Bax, CytC), and ERS-related factors [ATF6, XBP1, Ddit3 (CHOP), GRP78], while promoting the expression of Bcl-2 and Dnajc1 in a T2DM model mice.

CONCLUSION

PMS intervention could alleviate pancreatic tissue damage effectively. The mechanism of action involves Dnajc1 activation, which subsequently inhibits apoptosis and ERS, ameliorating damage to pancreatic β-cells.
DNA methylation in the association between pesticide exposures and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Zheng Guang-Jun , Fang Zheng-Er , Zhou Bi-Ying , Zuo Lei , Chen Xia , Liu Ming-Liang , Yu Lei , Jing Chun-Xia , Hao Guang
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

Numerous epidemiological studies have found that pesticide exposure is associated with the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D); however, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. DNA methylation may play a role in this process.

AIM

To identify the genes associated with pesticide exposure and T2D by reviewing the current literature.

METHODS

We systematically searched PubMed and Embase for relevant studies that examined the association between pesticide exposure and DNA methylation, and studies on DNA methylation and T2D through January 15, 2024.

RESULTS

We identified six genes (Alu , CABLES1 , CDH1, PDX1 , PTEN , PTPRN2 ) related to pesticide exposure and T2D. We also suggested future research directions to better define the role of DNA methylation in the association between pesticide exposure and T2D.

CONCLUSION

DNA methylation of specific genes may play a vital role in the association between pesticide exposure and T2D.
Pelvic floor dysfunction in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Arslan Mustafa , Kozan Ramazan
Published: December 2024

In this editorial, we comment on an article by Wang et al. Recent literature shows an increase in research on pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Although the true incidence of POP remains uncertain, its impact on quality of life is substantial. Anatomical studies report high incidence rates, surpassing those observed in symptom-based surveys. Weakness of the endopelvic fascia is a primary anatomical risk factor for POP. Additionally, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has emerged as a growing concern, as poor glycemic control increases complications for both mother and fetus. GDM and POP are interconnected, with factors like maternal obesity, macrosomia, and hormonal changes exacerbating pelvic floor dysfunction. Modifiable risk factors, such as obesity and chronic hyperglycemia, along with multiparity, instrumental deliveries, and obstetric trauma, further increase susceptibility. For patients with GDM, gynecological exams, Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification staging, and pelvic floor ultrasonography are valuable diagnostics, with proctological exams and magnetic resonance defecography aiding in multi-compartment prolapse diagnoses. Imaging, though uncomfortable during pregnancy, is safe in the early postpartum period. This editorial emphasizes the need for further research on the pathophysiology of GDM-related POP and offers recommendations for improving diagnosis and clinical management of patients with GDM.
J1939 Digital Annex
Authors:   Truck and Bus Control and Communications Network Committee
Published: December 2024

This document is intended to supplement the J1939 documents by offering the J1939 information in a form that can be sorted and searched for easier use.
Rimski Navport, lokalno obrtno središče
Authors: Berden Tina
Published: December 2024

Navport je ena najstarejših rimskih naselbin na območju današnje Slovenije ter ključno najdišče za razumevanje zgodnjerimskega obdobja na prostoru jugovzhodnih Alp. Pretekle raziskave so naselbino v veliki meri obravnavale z vidika velikih količin uvoženih, pretežno italskih izdelkov, medtem ko je bila njena vloga kot lokalnega produkcijskega središča razmeroma slabo poznana. Skromni arheološki ostanki kažejo na obstoj različnih obrti, kot so predelava brona in železa, tekstilstvo, lončarstvo, morda tudi izdelava pigmentov. Gre za nabor obrti, ki so služile predvsem samooskrbi tedanjih prebivalcev.
Nagrada za življenjsko delo Katji Pavlič Škerjanc
Authors: Movrin David
Published: December 2024

Oktobra 2024 je državno nagrado na področju šolstva za življenjsko delo dobila Katja Pavlič Škerjanc – profesorica, ki je odločilno prispevala k razvoju stroke, članica Strokovnega sveta za splošno izobraževanje, sodelavka maturitetne komisije, ki je pomagala zasnovati sistem z maturo, sodelavka Zavoda RS za šolstvo, ki je z vrsto projektov pomagala prenoviti jezikovni pouk, dolgoletna članica Društva za antične in humanistične študije in prva odgovorna urednica revije Keria: Studia Latina et Graeca.
Kaj nam podobe v grobnici povedo o lastniku?
Authors: Šmid Katarina
Published: December 2024

Prispevek obravnava stenske poslikave hipogeja v Neviodunu, pri čemer se v prvi vrsti osredotoča na upodobitev voznika volovske vprege, ki tovori velik sod. Ta lik je bil običajno razložen kot vinogradnik, kar odseva tudi zgodovinsko pomembnost te gospodarske panoge v regiji v rimski dobi. Po drugi strani bi lahko bil tudi utriclarius, torej tisti, ki je zadolžen za prevoz in prodajo vina, ali pa bi predstavljal lastnika vinograda. Upodobitve prizorov iz poklicnega življenja, ki so bile pogoste v galskih provincah, sicer nastopajo v Panoniji le poredko. Izpostaviti velja, da so pogosto bile postavljene ob bok prav prizorom z gostijo, ki se nahaja tudi na južni steni hipogeja v Neviodunu. Na zahodni steni te grobnice je upodobljen še kočijaž na kvadrigi v galopu, celoten ikonografski program pa morda tako simbolizira tok življenja: življenje (poklicno udejstvovanje), smrt (convivium) in apoteozo (kvadriga v galopu).
Teknolojik Ürün Reklamlarında İnsanbiçimsellik
Authors: Tutal Bahrialp , Turhan Tutal Büşra
Published: December 2024

Reklam, tüketiciyi mal, hizmet veya marka hakkında bilgilendirmeyi, tüketicide tutum oluşturmayı ve satın alma davranışı geliştirmeyi amaçlayan pazarlama aracı olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Reklam çalışmaları içerisinde bu amaçlar doğrultusunda çeşitli yöntemler kullanmaktadır. İnsanbiçimsellik bu yöntemlerden biri olarak kabul edilmektedir. Markaya veya gösterilen ürüne kişilik özellikleri yüklemek; insani görünüme, düşünceye, duygulara sahipmiş gibi göstermek insan biçimselliğin kullanım alanlarındandır. Çalışma özelinde teknolojik ürün reklamlarında insan biçimselliğin, teknolojik ürünlerin veya markaların tüketicide olumlu duygular oluşturmak için kullanılıp kullanılmadığını ortaya koymaya çalışılmaktadır. Çalışma içerisinde “robot” göstergesinin kullanıldığı teknolojik marka ve ürün reklamları göstergebilimsel analiz yöntemiyle çözümlenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, teknolojik ürün ve marka reklamlarında insan biçimli robotlar markayı veya ürünü sevimli, aileden biri, dost, arkadaş, insani özelliklere sahipmiş gibi göstermektedirler.
RACISMO ESTRUTURAL E POBREZA CRIMINALIZADA
Authors: Gomes Soraya de Assunção
Published: December 2024

A violência sistêmica no contexto policial, caracterizada por práticas discriminatórias baseadas em estereótipos raciais, socioeconômicos e outras formas de exclusão, tem sido objeto de análise da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos (CIDH). O caso emblemático Favela Nova Brasília vs. Brasil exemplifica essas violações de direitos humanos, revelando padrões de uso excessivo da força, racismo institucional e criminalização da pobreza, com impactos devastadores nas populações de favelas .A pesquisa busca responder: como o racismo estrutural e a criminalização da pobreza são evidenciados e reforçados pela atuação estatal no caso Favela Nova Brasília, e de que forma essas dinâmicas perpetuam desigualdades sociais e raciais historicamente enraizadas no Brasil? O objetivo geral é analisar o caso Favela Nova Brasília, demonstrando como o racismo estrutural e a criminalização da pobreza influenciam a atuação estatal e violam direitos humanos. Os objetivos específicos incluem investigar a interseção entre criminalização da pobreza e racismo estrutural na atuação policial; analisar os impactos dessas dinâmicas em favelas e comunidades negras; e avaliar as contribuições da sentença da CIDH no caso para a promoção de políticas públicas que garantam dignidade e direitos às populações vulneráveis. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, de abordagem interdisciplinar e caráter exploratório, que problematiza a relação entre racismo estrutural, criminalização da pobreza e violência policial. O método de levantamento (análise documental e dados secundários), combinado à revisão de literatura integrativa, sustenta a análise.
¿Se puede obtener una rentabilidad ilimitada con la utilización de recursos limitados?
Authors: Crocco Marcelo Hugo
Published: December 2024

El artículo “configura” una propuesta de interpelación permanente acerca de las causas –eventuales– y posibles consecuencias –medibles– de una conducta utilitarista, en el marco filosófico de la economía clásica, pero, a su vez moderna, especialmente en la búsqueda de un camino que “muestre” (y simbolice) herramientas de decisión, aparentemente de uso racional, de acuerdo con la creencia natural y ambiciones propias del ser humano. Pese a que él mismo presupone –tal vez adecuándose a lo que se considera racional, por definición– que los beneficios obtenidos, fruto de su propia conducta, pudieran parecer “siempre ilimitados”, argumento que, por cierto, es absolutamente irracional. Estas afirmaciones se sustentan en aquello que el hombre adopta como “compromiso ético”, aun cuando trata de separar la economía de la moral, pero, dado su comportamiento práctico o ejecutivo de acciones tendientes a buscar ventajas durante la mayor parte de su vida, bien podría quedar atrapado en la “búsqueda del placer material”, muchas veces en conflicto con su ética misma, o lo que la persona pregona como norma de ética.
La oratoria sagrada y la cultura política de entreguerras en Argentina: el caso del Presbítero Juan Bernardino Lértora
Authors: Sanguinetti Joaquín
Published: December 2024

Este trabajo plantea que los ministros de la Iglesia católica pueden convertirse en formadores de opinión política a través de la predicación, con una fuerza argumental tan densa como cualquier otro tipo de discurso intelectual, dado el uso de diferentes registros como la historia, la ciencia política y la retórica. Para sostener este supuesto, las fuentes que privilegiaremos serán los sermones, insumo central de las celebraciones religiosas. A partir de indicios propuestos por la historia del catolicismo y el análisis del discurso, se reconstruirán fragmentos de la cultura política del catolicismo de entreguerras desde una dimensión capilar, gracias a una fuente original e inédita como es la oratoria sagrada del presbítero argentino Juan Bernardino Lértora.
El “Totalitarismo Perfecto”: revolución, instituciones y regímenes políticos según los intelectuales nacionalistas argentinos en los medios Sol y Luna, Bandera Argentina y Crisol (1936-1943)
Authors: Pascis Marcos Andrés
Published: December 2024

Durante la crisis de la democracia liberal en el período de entreguerras emergieron diferentes movimientos intelectuales de índole antiliberal. Uno de los movimientos fue el Nacionalismo en Argentina, compuesto por intelectuales de diversa índole, desde hispanistas hasta tradicionalistas, y sus expresiones estaban en todo momento condicionadas por las circunstancias globales, y por las interpretaciones de estas a nivel local. La democracia, las elites y la situación social eran elementos de la realidad criticados y puestos en cuestión por estos intelectuales que, con la sombra de regímenes alternativos en Europa, veían nuevos rumbos para el futuro del país. El presente trabajo busca esclarecer las preferencias del movimiento nacionalista-hispanista argentino a través del concepto de “totalitarismo perfecto” en los diarios Bandera Argentina y Crisol y la revista Sol y Luna.
La consolidación de la prisión-depósito en Tucumán. Villa Urquiza y la pauperización del régimen penitenciario (1950-1975)
Authors: González Alvo Luis
Published: December 2024

Este trabajo aborda un período de la historia argentina que ha sido más trabajado por la historiografía de la prisión “política” que “común”. Se propone analizar el devenir del Penal de Villa Urquiza –que se originara como “cárcel-modelo” en los años ’20– y la consolidación de la prisión-depósito en Tucumán. Se toma de esa manera, un conjunto heterogéneo de gobiernos que, a pesar de los diversos signos que los caracterizaron, fueron contribuyendo al deterioro general del sistema carcelario, sin grandes diferencias. Se da inicio al trabajo en el año 1950, con la creación de la Dirección Provincial de Cárceles y se cierra en el año 1975, cuando se produce un cambio notable en las cárceles que, ya completamente en manos militares, comienzan a ser empleadas como centros clandestinos de detención.
روزنامہ جنگ اور ڈان کراچی میں وکلا تحریک 2007 کے دوران شائع ہونے والی تفتیشی خبروں کا تقابلی جائزہ
Authors: Tahir Seemi Naghmana , Aleem Noureen
Published: December 2024

The study is based on content analysis of investigative reporting during lawyers' movement of Pakistan in the year 2007 in Pakistan. The movement for restoration of deposed Chief Justice Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry has been selected for analysis due to the unique nature of this movement in Country's legal and political history. This was the first time that the chief justice shown exemplary courage to refuse the orders of autocratic ruler of his time and remained steadfast to his view-point.The lawyers' movement met success and judges of apex judiciary were restored also because that movement had enjoyed massive public support as lawyers, politicians, civil society, and mass media played very active role in strengthening of the movement. At one point mass media had to face imposition of emergency when all private television channel were sent off the air and newspapers were put under strict observations. The topic of the research was selected in order to find out the nature of investigative news items related to the period of dismissal and restoration of Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry.
Women Journalists in Electronic Media: An Analysis of Working Conditions of Karachi based News Channel
Authors: Begum Syeda Maliha , Tahir Seemi Naghmana
Published: December 2024

This empirical study has used survey method to assess four specific dimensions of working conditions for women journalists in all the Karachi based news channels. Theoretical frame work is based on liberal feminism theory. 79 women journalists associated with various Karachi based news channels are part of this survey research as respondents. Thus using the chi-square test and Pearson correlation test, the findings of this research display a promising picture to some extent revealing the positive and cooperative behavior of male colleagues towards the women journalists at the workplace.
Effect Of Netflix Media Content on Popular Culture in American & Pakistani Society: An Analysis of The Queen’s Gambit & Dirilis Ertugrul
Authors: Afreen Zehra and Dr. Wirsha Shahid
Published: December 2024

This research study indicates that social discourses are impacted immensely by popular media. Through exploratory and explanatory research study, taking two Netflix shows; The Queen’s Gambit and Dirilis Ertugrul as cases, through purposive sampling interviews of six females were conducted, revealing that the participants have their individual experiences regarding impact of selected cases’ content on their lives and the culture or people surrounding them. Through a simple computer algorithm, Netflix as a media platform traces our tastes, preferences, likes and dislikes to recommend more personality-suited content, thus creating a popular culture community bubble where we all live today. The popular culture associated with the game of chess was highly influenced by The Queen’s Gambit and eradicated gender stereotypes in the game culture. Dirilis Ertugrul influenced Pakistani culture through social discourses such as advertisements, cemrity-culture, food, social circles, marketing and clothes.
Encoding Digital Discourse: Exploring Gender-Specific Emoji Preferences and Their Interpretation in Digital Communication
Authors: Hafsa Iftikhar and Aisha Rais Ahmed
Published: December 2024

The current study sought to figure out emoji preference and how females and males use emojis in messaging platforms. The study explores gender-specific emoji preferences and usage patterns, examining differences in emoji selection and substitution for words or letters between genders. The sample comprised 124 students (male=66; Female=58), with a mean age of 26 years, taken through google form by using convenience sampling technique. Due to the qualitative research design, Data was collected through an adaptive questionnaire by Jönköping University. A sampling methodology was used to gather data to analyze gender differences in emoji usage preferences. The survey findings revealed that males use more emojis than females. Participants' reasons for using emojis in instant messaging differed between genders; females used them to illustrate a state of emotion, while males used them for easy, fun, and quick. The study supports previous research suggesting that people prefer using emojis over words. The greater gender difference was found in emojis preference among respondents. This research is distinctive due to its large sample size, which enhances its generalizability compared to previous studies. Future research should consider including more developed items in questionnaires to influence participant responses and potentially lead to different outcomes.
THE RELEVANCE OF CULTURAL CONNECTIONS BETWEEN LANGUAGES AND THE PRESERVATION OF LINGUISTIC AND CULTURAL HERITAGE (WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ROMANCE LANGUAGES)
Authors:   University of Montenegro, Faculty of Philology, BANJEVIĆ Aleksandra
Published: December 2024

The role played by the contact of cultures in studying families of languages, and thereby also changes in lan­guages, is a very important factor in the approach to language analysis today.

The subject of this paper is to show the very important re­levance of cultural connections between languages.

The modern trend of studying foreign languages, which re­flects the need of universal contact between people and nations, makes the studying of Romance loanwords even more signifi­cant precisely because of the need to preserve linguistic and cul­tural heritage for the generations to come.