bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Findings and differential diagnosis of fetal intracranial haemorrhage and fetal ischaemic brain injury: what is the role of fetal MRI?
Authors: Putbrese Bryn , Kennedy Anne
Published: October 2016

Ventriculomegaly (VM) is a non-specific finding on fetal imaging. Identification of the specific aetiology is important, as it affects prognosis and may even change the course of current or future pregnancies. In this review, we will focus on the application of fetal MRI to demonstrate intracranial haemorrhage and ischaemic brain injury as opposed to other causes of VM. MRI is able to identify the specific aetiology of VM with much more sensitivity and specificity than ultrasound and should be considered whenever VM is identified on obstetric ultrasound. Advances in both fetal and neonatal MRI have the potential to shed further light on mechanisms of brain injury and the impact of chronic hypoxia; such information may guide future interventions.
Dysfunctional adipose tissue and low-grade inflammation in the management of the metabolic syndrome: current practices and future advances
Authors: van Greevenbroek Marleen M. J. , Schalkwijk Casper G. , Stehouwer Coen D.A.
Published: October 2016

The ongoing worldwide obesity epidemic makes the metabolic syndrome an increasingly important entity. In this review, we provide a short background on the metabolic syndrome, we discuss recent developments in the three main options that have been identified for intervention in the metabolic syndrome, i.e. lifestyle and surgical and pharmacological interventions, and we focus on different views in the literature and also include our own viewpoints on the metabolic syndrome. In addition, we discuss some emerging treatment targets for adipose tissue dysfunction and low-grade inflammation, i.e. activation of the inflammasome and the complement system, and consider some selected opportunities for intervention in these processes.
The refined biomimetic NeuroDigm GEL™ Model of neuropathic pain in the mature rat
Authors: Hannaman Mary R. , Fitts Douglas A. , Doss Rose M. , Weinstein David E. , Bryant Joseph L.
Published: October 2016

Background:Many humans suffering with chronic pain have no clinical evidence of a lesion or disease. They are managed with a morass of drugs and invasive procedures. Opiates usually become less effective over time. In many, their persistent pain occurs after the healing of a soft tissue injury. Current animal models of neuropathic pain typically create direct neural damage with open surgeries using ligatures, neurectomies, chemicals or other forms of deliberate trauma. However, we have observed clinically that after an injury in humans, the naturally occurring process of tissue repair can cause chronic neural pain.

Methods:We demonstrate how the refined biomimetic NeuroDigm GEL™ Model, in the mature male rat, gradually induces neuropathic pain behavior with a nonsurgical percutaneous implant of tissue-derived hydrogel in the musculo-fascial tunnel of the distal tibial nerve. Morphine, Celecoxib, Gabapentin and Duloxetine were each screened in the model three times each over 5 months after pain behaviors developed. A pilot study followed in which recombinant human erythropoietin was applied to the GEL neural procedure site.

Results:The GEL Model gradually developed neuropathic pain behavior lasting months. Morphine, initially effective, had less analgesia over time. Celecoxib produced no analgesia, while gabapentin and duloxetine at low doses had profound analgesia at all times tested. The injected erythropoietin markedly decreased bilateral pain behavior that had been present for over 4 months. Histology revealed a site of focal neural remodeling, with neural regeneration, as in human biopsies.

Conclusion:The refined NeuroDigm GEL™ Model induces localized neural remodeling resulting in robust neuropathic pain behavior. The analgesics responses in this model reflect known responses of humans with neuropathic pain. The targeted recombinant human erythropoietin appears to heal the ectopic focal neural site, as demonstrated by the extinguishing of neuropathic pain behavior present for over 4 months.
Efficient Algorithms for the Dynamic Pricing Problem with Reference Price Effect
Authors: Chen Xin , Hu Peng , Hu Zhenyu
Published: October 2016

We analyze a finite-horizon dynamic pricing model in which demand at each period depends on not only the current price but also past prices through reference prices. A unique feature but also a significant challenge in this model is the asymmetry in reference price effect, which implies that the underlying optimization problem is nonsmooth and no standard optimization methods can be applied. We identify a few key structural properties of the problem, which enable us to develop strongly polynomial-time algorithms to compute the optimal prices for several plausible scenarios. We complement our exact algorithms by proposing an approximation heuristic and provide an upper bound on the optimal objective value. Finally, we conduct numerical experiments to study the optimal price path and demonstrate the value of dynamic pricing when demands are seasonal. We further compare numerically one of the exact algorithms with the heuristic and offer managerial suggestions.

This paper was accepted by Yinyu Ye, optimization.
Egregiousness and Boycott Intensity: Evidence from the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill
Authors: Wang Zhongmin , Lee Alvin , Polonsky Michael
Published: October 2016

Consumer boycotts are triggered by egregious events, but the literature has not distinguished the level of egregiousness from consumers’ preferences or disutility associated with a given level of egregiousness, nor has the literature studied how these two components of egregiousness affect boycott intensity. We provide a model of market-level boycotts that distinguishes the two egregiousness components. Consistent with the predictions of our model, the market-level intensity of consumer boycotting of BP-branded gasoline, which was triggered by the BP Deepwater Horizon oil spill, increased with the spill’s egregiousness level, approximated by the officially reported daily amount of oil leaked into the ocean and by other measures (i.e., the duration of the spill and the intensity of media coverage), and with consumers’ disutility from egregiousness, approximated by an area’s environmentalism and its proximity to the Gulf of Mexico.

This paper was accepted by J. Miguel Villas-Boas, marketing.
Female genital mutilation: a urology focus
Authors: Clarke Elinor
Published: October 2016

Female genital mutilation (FGM) is a collective term for the deliberate alteration, removal and cutting of the female genitalia. It has no known health benefits and can have negative physical and psychological consequences. The number of women and girls in the UK that are affected by FGM is unknown. Recent NHS data suggested that FGM has been evident (declared or observed) in women who have accessed health care; however, there are gaps in knowledge and a limited evidence base on the health consequences of FGM. This article explores the urological complications experienced by women who have undergone this practice, and the effects this can have on their health and wellbeing.
Educating tomorrow's registered nurse: views of the Council of Deans of Health
Authors: Glasper Alan
Published: October 2016

Emeritus Professor Alan Glasper, from the University of Southampton, discusses the Council of Deans of Health's recent discussion paper giving their initial views on the key outcomes of future preregistration nurse education
An overview of urinary incontinence
Authors: Bardsley Alison
Published: October 2016

Urinary incontinence is a common problem that is often under-reported due to the embarrassing nature and social stigma attached. Urinary incontinence can have a considerable effect on an individual's quality of life, but can be significantly improved with correct assessment, treatment and management. Conservative treatment options, including pelvic floor exercises, bladder retraining and fluid modification, are recommended before referral to secondary services. This article provides an overview of the main types of urinary incontinence, and summarises recent guidelines for the assessment, diagnosis and effective conservative treatment options for them, and when a referral to specialist care is required.
Indwelling urinary catheters: should we secure them?
Authors: Ansell Tiziana
Published: October 2016

Tiziana Ansell, Clinical Nurse Specialist in Continence, Health Innovation Network, discusses recent research into catheter securement and some of the considerations for nurses
Physiological and prescribing tips for managing liver impairment
Authors: Armstrong Amanda
Published: October 2016

This article gives prescribing and dosage tips for health professionals caring for patients with liver impairment. Most patients will not know that they have any degree of liver impairment, therefore an assessment of liver function is essential. The Child-Pugh scoring tool, which indicates the level of liver impairment, will be discussed.
Self-monitoring of blood glucose: Is it justified?
Authors: Meetoo Danny D , Ochieng Berthaw , Wong Louise , Fatani Tughreed
Published: October 2016

Despite the availability of robust evidence demonstrating that lowering glycaemic levels reduces the risks of diabetes-related complications, there has been little improvement in recent years in glycaemic control among individuals with diabetes in Europe and the US. Although widely used, there has been considerable controversy surrounding the role of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) as a means of achieving glycaemic control. This has resulted in a re-consideration of the prescription of blood glucose strips especially in the current climate of health care cost-containment. Existing clinical recommendations lack specific guidance to patients and health professionals regarding SMBG practice intensity and frequency, particularly for those not treated with insulin. Previous studies of the association between SMBG and glycaemic control found often weak, and sometimes conflicting, evidence. More rigorous longitudinal studies are needed to examine the role of SMBG with special attention to the unique needs of patients using different diabetes treatments, within special clinical sub-populations, and during initiation of SMBG versus its ongoing use. Further understanding of the intensity and frequency of SMBG are also needed to capture variability in glycaemic patterns in order to facilitate more specific guideline development.
Current concepts in rib fracture fixation
Authors: Forward D. P. , Ollivere B. J. , Ng J. W. G. , Coughlin T. A. , Rollins K. E.
Published: October 2016

Rib fracture fixation by orthopaedic and cardiothoracic surgeons has become increasingly popular for the treatment of chest injuries in trauma. The literature, though mainly limited to Level II and III evidence, shows favourable results for operative fixation. In this paper we review the literature and discuss the indications for rib fracture fixation, surgical approaches, choice of implants and the future direction for management. With the advent of NICE guidance and new British Orthopaedic Association Standards for Trauma (BOAST) guidelines in production, the management of rib fractures is going to become more and more commonplace.
Discourse, identity and socialisation: a textual analysis of the ‘accounts’ of student social workers
Authors: Roscoe Karen D. , Pithouse Andrew
Published: October 2016

This article draws on interview data from student social workers engaged in assessing the needs of adults in Wales, UK. The data were collected as part of a doctoral study conducted by the lead author (Roscoe, 2014), which utilised a form of discourse analysis to explore students’ accounts as ‘texts’. The concept of ‘text’ refers to an account, exchange or narrative and can be interpreted at a number of levels (Halliday, 1978). Texts represent personal, occupational and professional domains of meaning, and through textual analysis, we can grasp the way occupational identity and day-to-day practices are constructed through subjective and institutional sets of knowledge, values and beliefs. This article will draw upon Fairclough’s (1989) method of critical discourse analysis to explore and interpret student texts and, in doing so, will reveal their multilayered character in respect of cultural, social and political influences.
SENTIDO DO TRABALHO E FATORES DE QUALIDADE DE VIDA NO TRABALHO: A PERCEPÇÃO DE PROFESSORES BRASILEIROS E CANADENSES
Authors: Vilas Boas Ana Alice , Morin Estelle M.
Published: October 2016

Este estudo avalia os fatores de qualidade de vida no trabalho (QVT) para os professores que atuam no Brasil e no Canadá e correlaciona-os com o sentido do trabalho. A amostra foi constituída por 274 professores brasileiros e 252 canadenses. Os dados foram coletados através de um questionário online enviado, para 3 universidades públicas de Minas Gerais e 3 universidades do Quebec, no primeiro semestre de 2013. O questionário permitiu avaliar os seguintes fatores: finalidade do trabalho, autonomia, oportunidades de desenvolvimento profissional, relação com os colegas, retidão moral, reconhecimento, segurança no trabalho, carga de trabalho e horas trabalhadas por dia e por semana e correlaciona-los com os indicadores de sentido do trabalho e sentido no trabalho. Os professores canadenses encontram mais autonomia, oportunidades de desenvolvimento profissional e reconhecimento em seu ambiente de trabalho do que os brasileiros. Por outro lado, a carga mental e as horas trabalhadas por semana é maior nas universidades federais de Minas Gerais do que nas universidades do Québec. Os fatores que descrevem as características do trabalho e das relações de trabalho estão positivamente correlacionadas com o sentido do trabalho, enquanto que as cargas de trabalho física e mental estão negativamente relacionadas com o sentido do trabalho.
A GARANTIA CONSTITUCIONAL DO NEOLIBERALISMO
Authors: Pscheidt Kristian Rodrigo
Published: October 2016

O Estado, inegavelmente, é o principal elemento para a manutenção do sistema capitalista. É por meio dele que são traçadas políticas econômicas que encaminham a sociedade para seu desenvolvimento. Todavia, dentro de um sistema dinâmico, ora assume-se uma condição monopolista, ora delega-se sua atuação para entes privados.O Estado é uma instituição que utiliza a Constituição de 1988 como ferramenta de regulação. Há uma nítida evolução social e a aptidão para a consecução de políticas de desenvolvimento sustentável. Porém, as bases liberais e individualistas continuam a calçar a atual Constituição. O neoliberalismo ataca com força intensa e ainda promove uma atividade voltada para a acumulação do capital.Assim é possível perceber que há forças superiores e diferentes daquilo que o texto normativo preconiza. E se a prática mostra-se diferente daquilo que intenta o Legislador, qual sentido teria caucionar a sociedade sobre as Agências Reguladoras em seus estritos e minuciosos regulamentos?A partir desta concepção é possível verificar que, ao direcionar o poder executivo para as agências reguladoras, exacerba-se um distanciamento ainda maior entre a realidade e as disposições da Constituição de 1988.O Estado, inegavelmente, é o principal elemento para a manutenção do sistema capitalista. É por meio dele que são traçadas políticas econômicas que encaminham a sociedade para seu desenvolvimento. Todavia, dentro de um sistema dinâmico, ora assume-se uma condição monopolista, ora delega-se sua atuação para entes privados.O Estado é uma instituição que utiliza a Constituição de 1988 como ferramenta de regulação. Há uma nítida evolução social e a aptidão para a consecução de políticas de desenvolvimento sustentável. Porém, as bases liberais e individualistas continuam a calçar a atual Constituição. O neoliberalismo ataca com força intensa e ainda promove uma atividade voltada para a acumulação do capital.Assim é possível perceber que há forças superiores e diferentes daquilo que o texto normativo preconiza. E se a prática mostra-se diferente daquilo que intenta o Legislador, qual sentido teria caucionar a sociedade sobre as Agências Reguladoras em seus estritos e minuciosos regulamentos?A partir desta concepção é possível verificar que, ao direcionar o poder executivo para as agências reguladoras, exacerba-se um distanciamento ainda maior entre a realidade e as disposições da Constituição de 1988.
Time, Eternity, and the Prospects for Care. An Essay in Honor of Jürgen Moltmann’s 90th Birthday
Authors: Volf Miroslav
Published: October 2016

The eternal God is not merely an illusion, as traditional atheism claims; God is an undesirable illusion, in fact, an illusion which is, on closer inspection, impossible to desire. This, roughly, is the thesis of Martin Hägglund’s »radical atheism,« one of whose primary claims is the essential temporality of all human desire. To see eternity and absolute fullness as the ultimate goal is to desire nothingness, he argues; this desire as such (and not just its practical outworking) entails denial of care for and joy in ordinary life. This essay is a critical dialogue with Hägglund, a friendly dispute about time and eternity as they bear on the possibilities of care and joy.
Gibt es eine konfuzianische Zivilität?
Authors: Liang Hong
Published: October 2016

The article discusses the concept of a Confucian religion, which Jiang Qing - one of today’s most famous and controversial Confucians - advances against the rapid growth of Christianity in China. More specifically, the article analyses the movement of Confucian Child Education, which has been initiated through the Yidan School in Beijing since 2000 and the Qufu Church Controversy from 2010. An analysis of those two cases allows us to understand Jiang Qing’s self-understanding of the competitive relationship between Confucianism and Christianity, and explains how he thinks Confucianism can turn from a state ideology into a civil society movement.
Die Krise des Schriftprinzips als Krise der theologischen Enzyklopädie
Authors: Oorschot Frederike van
Published: October 2016

For decades the scriptural orientation of Protestant theology so constitutive for the denomination has been discussed as a phenomenon of crisis of fundamental theology under the heading »crisis of the scriptural principle.« While three different strategies to address the matter may be distinguished, the encyclopedic dimension of the »crisis of the scriptural principle«, which becomes manifest in the relationship between exegesis and systematic theology, has received less attention: This historically grown tension results not only in non-related discourses about »Scripture(s)« and hence the lack of a complex theological concept of Scripture, but also in a missing encyclopedically accountable scriptural orientation of theology. An interdisciplinary theory of Protestant scriptural liability is to encounter these shortcomings.
Development of Real Time Implementation of 5/5 Rule based Fuzzy Logic Controller Shunt Active Power Filter for Power Quality Improvement
Authors: Puhan Pratap Sekhar , Ray Pravat Kumar , Panda Gayadhar
Published: October 2016

This paper presents the effectiveness of 5/5 Fuzzy rule implementation in Fuzzy Logic Controller conjunction with indirect control technique to enhance the power quality in single phase system, An indirect current controller in conjunction with Fuzzy Logic Controller is applied to the proposed shunt active power filter to estimate the peak reference current and capacitor voltage. Current Controller based pulse width modulation (CCPWM) is used to generate the switching signals of voltage source inverter. Various simulation results are presented to verify the good behaviour of the Shunt active Power Filter (SAPF) with proposed two levels Hysteresis Current Controller (HCC). For verification of Shunt Active Power Filter in real time, the proposed control algorithm has been implemented in laboratory developed setup in dSPACE platform.
Consistency of data presented on modern maps of ice cover in the Arctic
Authors: Pastusiak Tadeusz
Published: October 2016

Information about the condition of ice cover on surface of the water, which are the content of map, are important for carrying out safe navigation and efficient economic activity in the polar regions. Methods of mapping can be fully automated on the basis of developed through years of experience algorithms or additionally supported by experienced professionals. The content of some of those now commonly encountered maps is compiled on the basis of mixed methods. In this work geographic positions of ice maps content are analyzed taking into consideration their usefulness for planning ship’s voyage in ice. The results of this work allow using the contents of studied maps for determining the ship’s route in ice and voyage planning of the ship in ice according to her hull strengthening.

The ice maps often have boundary lines for different values of reference. The maximum width of the strips of each boundary line within the Marginal Ice Zone is 100 km. The mean square error of position of the analyzed maps is +/− 2.0 km. Average locations of boundaries are consistent except for GRIB type maps of the OSI SAF and NIS, which seem to indicate much lower value of ice floe concentration. The NIC MIZ maps and S-411 standard maps are consistent for the 13% and 81% concentration. The 40% limits on MASIE maps and 46% limits of concentration on S-411 standard maps are also consistent. The course of ice edge issued by the NIS for the GMDSS METAREA, 19 region visualizes well the boundaries of the area where the ship might encounter any form of ice. Information of the GMDSS METAREA 20 region issued by the AARI represents the average of the limits 1 to 46% of all sources of information, and on average the 13% limit of ice concentration. The one-year old ice limit with thickness of 0.10 to 0.30 meters on the AARI map is consistent with course and average location of boundaries of 81% ice concentration on the NIC MIZ map and S-411 standard map. The multi-year old ice limit of thickness from 0.30 to 2.00 meters on the AARI map is coincident with the 79% limit of concentration displayed on the NIS map.
Obtaining the partially acidulated phosphate rocks by means of intermediate-grade phosphate and diluted phosphoric acid: Influence of some parameters
Authors: Mizane Abbes , Boumerah Ahmed , Dadda Noureddine , Rehamnia Rabah , Belhait Salah
Published: October 2016

In this work, some parameters during the partial acidulation by phosphoric acid of phosphate 53.75% BPL (bone phosphate of lime) having different particle sizes are determined. P2O5 recovery is obtained by performing a series of reactions using phosphoric acid diluted from 10 to 40 wt.% and with reaction times ranging from 10 to 50 minutes. The best conversion rates are obtained with the following reaction parameters: phosphates size: 88-177 μm, reaction time: 50 minutes and phosphoric acid concentration: 40 wt.%. In the second part, the water-soluble P2O5 of PAPRs (Partially Acidulated Phosphate Rocks) obtained with phosphoric acid 30% and 40 wt.% is measured. The results of experiments showed that the water-soluble P2O5 has reached 15.2% for PAPRs obtained by reacting phosphate 88 μm with phosphoric acid 40 wt%.
Parametric optimization of rice bran oil extraction using response surface methodology
Authors: Ahmad Syed W. , Javed Farhan , Ahmad Sajjad , Akram Muhammad , Rehman Abdur
Published: October 2016

Use of bran oil in various edible and nonedible industries is very common. In this research work, efficient and optimized methodology for the recovery of rice bran oil has been investigated. The present statistical study includes parametric optimization, based on experimental results of rice bran oil extraction. In this study, three solvents, acetone, ethanol and solvent mixture (SM) [acetone: ethanol (1:1 v/v)] were employed in extraction investigations. Response surface methodology (RSM), an optimization technique, was exploited for this purpose. A five level central composite design (CCD) consisting four operating parameter, like temperature, stirring rate, solvent-bran ratio and contact time were examined to optimize rice bran oil extraction. Experimental results showed that oil recovery can be enhanced from 71% to 82% when temperature, solvent-bran ratio, stirring rate and contact time were kept at 55°C, 6:1, 180 rpm and 45 minutes, respectively while fixing the pH of the mixture at 7.1.
Numerical test on polystyrene tunnel seismic-isolation material
Authors: He Jianping , Chen Weizhong , Zhao Wusheng , Huang Sheng , Yao Yunlong
Published: October 2016

Stress-strain mechanical properties of polystyrene foam plastic material were tested under different loading conditions. An empirical constitutive model for describing metal materials was proposed for the polystyrene plastic foam. The static and dynamic tests results show that the ductility and watertightness of the polystyrene plastic foam are significantly improved. At the same time, in order to check its seismic-isolation property, the high-performance foam concrete as filling materials of Galongla tunnel in Tibet was simulated by FEM. The simulated results show that the polystyrene plastic foam can remarkably decrease the stress and the plastic zone in final lining, so it can effectively reduce the seismic damage of the tunnel. Considering the seismic-isolation property and low price of polystyrene plastic foam, it is a good reference for the anti-seismic design of tunnels in high intensity zones.
Enzymatic synthesis and characterization of polycaprolactone by using immobilized lipase onto a surface-modified renewable carrier
Authors: Ulker Cansu , Gokalp Nurefsan , Guvenilir Yuksel
Published: October 2016

In the present study, rice husk ash, which is a renewable and abundant material, was utilized as a carrier for lipase immobilization for the first time. Poly (ε-caprolactone) synthesis was successfully achieved by the new enzymatic catalyst: Candida antarctica lipase B immobilized onto surface-modified rice husk ashes by covalent binding. It was aimed to obtain optimum polymerization conditions at which highest molecular weight was reached and characterize the polymer produced. Moreover, thermal stability and effectiveness of the new biocatalyst in non-aqueous media were also shown with successful polymerization reactions. In addition, by using the new enzyme preparation, ε-caprolactone was able to be polymerized even at 30°C, which was promising for an energy saving process. Consequently, this work provides a new alternative route for poly (ε-caprolactone) synthesis.
Technical efficiency of FDI firms in the Vietnamese manufacturing sector
Authors: Vu Hoang Duong
Published: October 2016

The study examines technical efficiency of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) firms in the Vietnamese manufacturing sector by applying stochastic production frontier model and making use of cross-sectional data in the period 2009-2013. The average level of technical efficiency of FDI firms is about 60% and it is higher than that of domestic firms (including private firms and state-owned firms). In addition, the study also analyses correlation between technical efficiency of FDI firms and other factors. It finds that there are positive correlations between FDI technical efficiency and net revenue per labour, firm’s age or export activities in 2013. However, the study is unable to find evidence of a relationship between FDI technical efficiency and infrastructure or firm’s investment activities.
High-Speed Rail for Central and Eastern European Countries: A Conference Report
Authors: Jandová Monika , Tomeš Zdeněk , Nash Chris
Published: October 2016

The European transport strategy promotes the role of railways and expects that the key role in passenger transport should be played by high-speed rail (HSR). Although the core network of high-speed lines has already been built and is operating in Western Europe, there has been little coverage so far in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). The aim of the conference “High-Speed Rail for CEE Countries” that took place in Prague in June 2016 was to put together academics, policy-makers, and practitioners interested in HSR and to formulate recommendations for CEE countries based on West European countries’ experience. Based on the conference presentations and subsequent discussion, the following conclusions were formulated. Firstly, there are many crucial differences in national HSR build-up and operation, which means that former experience of Western Europe is not directly applicable to CEE countries. Secondly, in comparing presentations discussing experiences in France, Britain, Italy, and Germany, it was concluded that the German approach-upgrading existing lines where possible and only building new lines for bottleneck sections-was the most likely appropriate solution in CEE. Lastly, CEE has the additional problem of many border crossings, with a reduction of traffic in comparison with purely domestic routes, and this effect has to be taken into account.
Preparation regimen is more important than patient-related factors: a randomized trial comparing a standard bowel preparation before colonoscopy with an individualized approach
Authors: Voiosu T. , Tanţău Alina , Voiosu A. , Benguş Andreea , Mocanu Cristina , Smarandache Bianca , Baicuş C. , Vişovan Ioana , Mateescu B.
Published: October 2016

Background. Optimal bowel preparation is one of the most important factors affecting the quality of colonoscopy. Several patient-related factors are known to influence the quality of bowel cleansing but randomized trials in this area are lacking. We aimed to compare an individualized bowel prep strategy based on patient characteristics to a standard preparation regimen.

Material and Methods. We conducted an endoscopist-blinded multicenter randomized control-trial. The Boston Bowel Prep Score (BBPS) was used to assess quality of bowel preparation and a 10 point visual analogue scale to assess patient comfort during bowel prep. Patients were randomised to either the standard regimens of split-dose 4L polyethylene-glycol (group A), split-dose sodium picosulphate/magnesium citrate (group B) or to either of the two depending on their responses to a 3-item questionnaire (individualized preparation, group C).

Results. 185 patients were randomized during the study period and 143 patients were included in the final analysis. Patients in the individualized group had a median BBPS of 7 compared to a median of 6 in the standard group (p = 0.7). Also, there was no significant difference in patients’ comfort scores, irrespective of study group or laxative regimen. However, on multivariable analysis, a split-dose 4L polyethylene-glycol was an independent predictor for achieving a BBPS>6 (OR 3.7, 95% CI 1.4-9.8), regardless of patient-related factors.

Conclusion. The choice of laxative seems to be more important than patient-related factors in predicting bowel cleansing. Comfort during bowel prep is not influenced by the type of strategy used.
Pneumatic Stabilization of Vehicles
Authors: Hurtečák J. , Volf J. , Novák V.
Published: October 2016

The paper deals with a new and original method of car stabilization – the pneumatic stabilization – as a support to the Electronic Stability Program (ESP) method used at the present. Properties of the currently used stabilization systems with their advantages and disadvantages are briefly summarized. Furthermore, a new pneumatic stabilization system based on the Action and Reaction Law using highly compressed air is proposed. Basic calculations and computing of the obtained reaction forces are presented to prove the functionality of the proposed pneumatic system and the results are subsequently discussed and evaluated.
Methoden zur in-line Untersuchung des Einflusses der Molmasse und Vorgeschichte von wandgleitenden Kunststoffschmelzen auf deren Strömungsprofil
Authors: Apostol Sylvia , Putz Veronika , Unger Thomas , Miethlinger Jürgen
Published: October 2016

Wandgleiten ist ein rheologisches Phänomen, das beim Fließen einiger Kunststoffschmelzen auftreten kann. Bei der
Extrusionsrheologie wird das Wandgleiten grundsätzlich in einer dem Extruder nachgeschalteten Düse untersucht. Im
gegebenen Fall wird Polylactidacid (PLA) auf einem gleichlaufenden Doppelschneckenextruder verarbeitet, wobei der Einfluss
von Feuchtigkeit, die Zugabe von Kettenverlängerer und die Variation verfahrenstechnischer Parameter auf das Wandgleiten
untersucht werden. PLA verhält sich hydrophil, das heißt es nimmt Luftfeuchtigkeit auf. Wird es vor der Verarbeitung nicht
getrocknet, reagieren Wassermoleküle während der erhöhten Verarbeitungstemperatur mit dem Polymer, ein Polymerabbau ist
die Folge. Kettenverlängerer sind Additive, welche in der Kunststoffverarbeitung eingesetzt werden können, um das
Molekulargewicht der Polymere anzuheben. Da Parameter wie Schneckendrehzahl, Schneckengeometrie und Feuchtigkeit die
Molmasse und -verteilung des Extrudats beeinflussen, wird diese anschließend mittels Gelpermeationschromatografie (GPC)
bestimmt, um so eine Aussage über den Zusammenhang von Wandgleiten und Molmasse zu erhalten. Für die Messung des
Wandgleitens kommt hier Pulsed-Wave-Sonografie zum Einsatz. Dabei handelt sich dabei um eine bildgebende Messung mittels
Ultraschall, welche es ermöglicht, das Strömungsprofil der Schmelze innerhalb einer hierfür entwickelten Düse zu
messen. Diese kann inline, während der Extrusion, erfolgen und ist damit sehr viel schneller und praktischer umzusetzen
als die klassische Extrusionsrheologie. Zusätzlich wird eine Verweilzeitbestimmung mittels Fluoreszenzspektroskopie
durchgeführt.
The Numbers of Numbers: The Census Accounts in the Book of Numbers
Authors: Kislev Itamar
Published: October 2016

The Book of Numbers receives its name from the two census accounts it includes, at the beginning and towards the end of the account of the wilderness wandering (chapters 1–2; 26). In this paper I examine the literary relationship between these two accounts, which contain several similar components as well as some significant differences. Upon a careful inspection, it emerges that the differing features of the census accounts are explained by the assumption that two different documents underlie both accounts, while the similarities between them suggest that the same editorial hand was responsible for the composition of both. The terms used as part of the editorial activity in both accounts can teach us that this activity took place in the Persian period. The redactional process revealed in the census accounts seems to be related also to a similar process in the story of the spies, especially in Num 14,29.35.
A Northwest Semitic Curse Formula: The Sefire Treaty and Deuteronomy 28
Authors: Ramos Melissa
Published: October 2016

An examination of Aramaic curses from the Iron Age and of two texts from biblical law demonstrates striking and robust parallels in thematic content, vocabulary, and syntactical formulation. The curses are all patterned according to a consistent syntactical formula (termed the Northwest Semitic Curse Formula) that governs the order of the presentation of the elements within each line. Thus, the formula shapes both the content of the curse and the order in which the various syntax pieces are given. Furthermore, the geographic distance between these inscriptional exemplars of this curse formula demonstrates broad diffusion of Aramaic curses during the Iron Period and especially during the mid-eighth to the early seventh centuries BCE. These parallel imprecations suggest that a shared tradition of formulaic curse language was part of the training of Aramaic-language scribes and practitioners from the Neo-Assyrian Empire who were sent to peripheral states to facilitate administration.
Le texte de I Chr 16 comme réinterprétation davidique de Ps 105,1–15, la réponse des serviteurs et élus de Ps 105,16–46 et la continuité du livre d’Isaïe
Authors: Gosse Bernard
Published: October 2016

Ps 105,1–15 transfers the characteristics of the alliance with David of Ps 89 upon the alliance with the patriarchs. I Chr 16 puts a parallel of Ps 105,1–15 in the Davidic context of the instauration of the cult of the temple during the transfer of the ark of alliance of Yahweh Sabaoth to Jerusalem. The reaffirmation of David concerns also the staff of the temple installed by David, particularly the Levitical singers, with the Asaphites in the first place. The »servants« of Ps 105,16–46, and first Joseph, are not in the line of a glorious David. The proofs of the »servants«, like the proofs of the exile, prepare the salvation. On this point we observe also a new using from components of Ps 18, a psalm that puts back David and his dynasty. The book of Isaiah recalls the patriarchs »servants« in 41,8 and then the »servant« of 42,1 appears in the line of the servants of Ps 105,16–46.
What happened to Kemosh?
Authors: Cornell Collin
Published: October 2016

What happened to Kemosh in the era after Moab’s loss of political independence? The present article first argues that this question is of interest to scholarship on the Hebrew Bible because Kemosh and Yhwh were initially twinlike: both were patron deities of Iron Age Levantine kingdoms and shared various similarities of profile. As such, comparing the postnational history of Kemosh and Yhwh can help to isolate the historical and intellectual events without which Yhwh would presumably have developed along similar lines to Kemosh. This article next argues that both deities underwent »the Greek interpretation« by becoming identified with their equivalent in the Greek pantheon. But unlike Kemosh, Yhwh’s evolution included a counterbalancing force, i.e.
Experimental Study on Sinkholes: Soil–Groundwater Behaviors Under Varied Hydrogeological Conditions
Authors: Perez A. L. , Nam B. H. , Alrowaimi M. , Chopra M. , Lee S. J. , Youn H.
Published: October 2016

Sinkholes have been one of the major geohazards in karst terrain and have resulted in loss of human life, as well as significant civil engineering infrastructure. Approximately 20 % of the United States is underlain by karst terrain formed from the dissolution of soluble rocks, and is susceptible to a sinkhole hazard. Particularly, Texas, Florida, Tennessee, Alabama, Missouri, Kentucky, and Pennsylvania are known as sinkhole states. Surprisingly, the understanding of sinkholes is still poor in geotechnical engineering. This paper presents and discusses a preliminary study on the mechanism of Florida's sinkholes that are triggered by groundwater flow. A physical soil–groundwater model was devised, and multiple tests were conducted under different hydrogeological conditions (e.g., with/without aquitard and overburden soil thickness). Groundwater at multiple locations was monitored during the sinkhole-simulation process so that integrated soil–groundwater behaviors could be investigated. It is found that groundwater responds before the surface collapse (showing a cone of depression); thus, a pattern change of groundwater flow can be used as input to pre-detect a sinkhole. In addition, having a clayey sand layer within sand shows a significant influence that includes a rapid change of groundwater flow in the sinkhole process and a larger surface sinkhole.
Recrystallization Study of Nb-Bearing HSLA Steels After Laboratory Batch Annealing Using OIM-EBSD Techniques
Authors: Landa R. , Kish L. B. , Tan S. , Ordoñez R. , Isaac Garcia C.
Published: October 2016

The present work studied the recrystallization kinetics of a Nb-bearing high strength low alloy (HSLA) steel using a fully-computer controlled laboratory batch annealing (BA) process. This work was designed to study the effect of thermo-mechanical processing (TMP), transformation products, and the amount of cold deformation on the kinetics of recrystallization. The amount of deformation above and below the non-recrystallization (Tnr) temperature of the steel used in this study was investigated in terms of the grain boundary character distribution (GBCD) assessed in the hot band condition. The hot band condition was then subjected to 60 % cold deformation prior to the BA studies. The cold rolled samples were placed in the laboratory BA furnace using the simulated cold spot temperature (CST) annealing process. The selected annealing temperature was 650°C and the holding times varied between 15 minutes and 12 h. The central focus of this work was to understand how the TMP schedule affects the GBCD of the hot band; how the frequency of this initial GBCD changes with the amount of cold deformation; and how the steel composition, stored energy, GBCD, and annealing processing parameters influence the annealing behavior of the steel used in this study. Advanced microstructural techniques including orientation imaging microscopy and electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) provided the evolution of the GBCD, the changes in stored energy with annealing times. The results of this investigation clearly showed that when the TMP is conducted in a temperature range where the deformation of austenite favors twin formation, leading to higher levels of high angles grain boundaries (HAGB) and special coincidence site lattice (CSL) boundaries, the kinetics of recrystallization are increased. The results of this work were presented and discussed.
EBSD Characterization of Pilgered Alloy 800H After Heat Treatment
Authors: Beardsley A. L. , Bishop C. M. , Kral M. V.
Published: October 2016

Austenitic stainless steel alloy 800H pipes were received in an as-pilgered condition. The pilgering process produces high levels of cold work through complex deformation processes. The pipes are subsequently solution annealed. To assess the influence of heat-treatment parameters on 800H, samples of the as-pilgered material were heat treated in the temperature range 600°C–1200°C for varying lengths of time. Using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), the recrystallization dynamics and grain size of all samples was measured. Additionally, the kernel average misorientation and grain orientation spread methods were employed to qualitatively analyze fine details in the strain levels in the matrix of both deformed and recrystallized grains. For 1-h anneal times, it was found that recrystallization of 800H initiates above heat-treatment temperatures of 800°C, and complete recrystallization of deformed material occurs above heat-treatment temperatures of 950°C. No significant increases in average grain size were observed until temperatures reached in excess of 1000°C. Increasing the heat-treatment time to more than 1 h had a negligible effect on the grain size for every heat-treatment temperature that was assessed. In high-temperature applications, pipes typically fail because of diffusion-based creep mechanisms. Therefore, accurate control of the grain size and microstructure during heat treatments is obligatory. This work provides a framework for controlling manufacturing processes to produce favorable microstructures in 800H for creep-based applications.
Venovenous ECMO for Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia: Role of Ductal Patency and Lung Recruitment
Authors: Moscatelli Andrea , Pezzato Stefano , Lista Gianluca , Petrucci Lara , Buratti Silvia , Castagnola Elio , Tuo Pietro
Published: October 2016

We report a case of antenatally diagnosed left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia, managed on venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation with an hemodynamic and ventilation strategy aimed at preventing left and right ventricular dysfunction. Keeping the ductus arteriosus open with prostaglandin infusion and optimizing lung recruitment were effective in achieving hemodynamic stabilization and an ideal systemic oxygen delivery. The patient was discharged from the hospital and had normal development at 1 year of age. The combination of ductal patency and lung recruitment has not been previously reported as a strategy to stabilize congenital diaphragmatic hernia patients undergoing venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. We believe that this approach may deserve further evaluation in prospective studies.
Expert Opinion Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Older People: Does Age Make a Difference?
Authors: Omar Sami A ,   Cardiac Services, Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals, Brighton, UK, Belder Adam de ,   Cardiac Services, Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals, Brighton, UK
Published: October 2016

As many people are living longer, much older patients are now commonly being seen in clinical practice. The management of coronary disease in this group presents formidable challenges. We review the epidemiology of coronary disease in this population and report on the burden of comorbidity, influence of frailty, problems with polypharmacy, interactions and compliance for the older patient. We discuss the management of stable and acute coronary syndromes, the specific anatomical challenges of the older coronary artery, the outcomes of the limited number of trials involving older patients, and review the guidelines available.
Non-coronary Interventions: An Introduction to Peripheral Arterial Interventions
Authors: Cookman Brock ,   Aurora Cardiovascular Services, Aurora Sinai/Aurora St. Luke’s Medical Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA, Allaqaband Suhail ,   Aurora Cardiovascular Services, Aurora Sinai/Aurora St. Luke’s Medical Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA, Nfor Tonga ,   Aurora Cardiovascular Services, Aurora Sinai/Aurora St. Luke’s Medical Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
Published: October 2016

With an ageing population, the burden of peripheral artery diseases (PADs) is increasing. The treatment of these diseases has largely been performed by interventional radiologists, vascular surgeons and interventional cardiologists. Due to the strong relationship between PAD and overall cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, cardiologists need to play a greater role in the management of PAD. The physician who cares for the patient with peripheral vascular disease should have a broad understanding of atherosclerotic disease involving all vascular beds. Endovascular interventions play a major role in relieving symptoms and reducing morbidity related to PAD, but long-term optimal medical treatment is an essential determinant of prognosis. This paper reviews current endovascular/percutaneous interventions for PAD.
PLANO NACIONAL DE EDUCAÇÃO E SEUS DESDOBRAMENTOS SOBRE AS NOVAS DIRETRIZES PARA A FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES DA EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL: IDENTIDADES PROFISSIONAIS EM CONSTRUÇÃO
Authors: Silva Filomena Lucia Gossler Rodrigues
Published: October 2016

O texto, baseado em análise documental e revisão bibliográfica, discute as relações entre o Plano Nacional de Educação (PNE) aprovado pela Lei nº 13.005, de 2014, e as novas Diretrizes para a formação inicial e continuada de professores da Educação Básica, Resolução 02, de 2015. Além disso, discute os impactos das políticas educacionais sobre a construção/fabricação da identidade profissional dos professores da Educação Profissional e Tecnológica (EPT). As reflexões realizadas permitem-nos concluir que a aprovação de tais diretrizes contribui para o alcance da Meta 15 do PNE (que trata da implantação de uma Política Nacional de Formação de Professores) e da sua estratégia 15.9 (que versa sobre a implantação de cursos e programas especiais de formação para os professores não licenciados e em efetivo exercício na docência). Entretanto, não ultrapassam a perspectiva histórica de políticas provisórias e emergenciais para a formação de professores da EPT, apesar de avançarem em relação a carga horária e a concepção que a orienta. Os dados analisados nos possibilitam verificar ainda que a ausência de políticas contínuas de formação de professores para a EPT produziram um índice de 63,25% dos professores da Educação Profissional Técnica De Nível Médio (dados do Censo Escolar de 2012) sem a formação legalmente estabelecida para a docência, produzindo impactos sobre a construção/fabricação da sua identidade profissional que, no atual contexto, alinha-se ao projeto nacional em desenvolvimento, comprometido com os interesses do sistema produtivo capitalista.