bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variation of Acehnese Monophthong /ʌ/ in Western Acehnese Dialect
Authors: Masykar Tanzir , Agusmaniza Roni , Masykar Tabsyir , Shan Huang , Nurrahmi Febri
Published: August 2022

Acehnese has many dialects, one of which is the western Acehnese dialect. Western Acehnese dialects considerably vary when compared to northern dialects. Many studies on Acehnese vowels focused on describing vowels in the Pase dialect. Little attention has been given to other dialects and let alone, vowel variation within those dialects. The current study aims to investigate vowel variation produced by Acehnese in Aceh Barat for the words commonly produced as /ʌ/ in the northern dialect. Six language consultants are recorded reading five Acehnese words containing /ʌ/ vowel in a carrier sentence. Two phonetically trained Acehnese listeners identify the vowel produced based on APA symbols. Formant frequencies of F1 and F2 are generated using Praat software and projected into vowel plots. The findings show that the vowel /ʌ/ is realized as /ə/, /ɛ/, and /ɔ/ by the people in Aceh Barat. Both impression and instrumental analysis seem to agree in terms of vowels realized. The occurrence of the vowel seems to be word-specific instead of location-specific. The word göt is realized as /ə/, /ɛ/, and /ɔ/ while peugöt is only realized as /ə/ and /ɔ/ despite occurring between the same consonants. F2 frequencies are used to produce   /ə/ and /ɔ/ in the word pöt, böh, and röt.
Collective dynamics of heavy ion collisions in ATLAS
Authors: Santos Helena
Published: August 2022

The latest measurements of collective behaviour in a variety of
collision systems with the ATLAS detector at the LHC, including
collisions at 13 TeV, collisions at 5.44 TeV, and
\mbox{Pb+Pb}Pb+Pb
collisions at 5.02 TeV, are presented. They include
v_nvn-[p_{T}pT]
correlations, which carry important information about the initial-state
geometry of the quark-gluon plasma and can shed light on any quadrupole
deformation in the Xe nucleus, and measurements of flow decorrelations
differential in rapidity, which probe the longitudinal structure of the
colliding system. These measurements furthermore provide stringent tests
of the theoretical understanding of the initial state in heavy ion
collisions.
The study of hadron properties and structure in high energy multi-production processes
Authors: Li SHI-YUAN
Published: August 2022

In high energy scattering, the multi-production process is unique in
its relevance to the total cross section and in its global properties,
such as rapidity and other kinematic distributions. If there is a hard
interaction, the jet rate and structure is a good arena for perturbative
quantum chromodynamics. However, once any hadron is specified, its
properties and structure must make sense, while the global and/or
perturbative chromodynamic mechanism still can put important
constraints. The relation of the hadron’s properties and structure with
its production cross section, distribution etc. can be much more complex
than its decay width. On the one hand there are many difficulties and
challenges in the calculations, while on the other hand, the production
process provides a unique way to study the details of properties and
structure of the hadron, which is beyond the approach of its decay
process. Here I review our works on such topics in recent years, mainly
on the multi-quark state production in multi-production processes and
the Bethe-Salpeter wave function in exclusive processes. For the former,
I emphasize the unitarity of the hadronization process and relevant
models, so that almost no multi-quark state is observed in
multi-production processes. I also address how to calculate hadron
molecule production in multi-production processes. The most recently
observed T^+_{cc}Tcc+
is also stated with its relevance to colour and baryon number
fluctuation of the preconfinement clusters. For the latter, I emphasize
the Dirac structure of the hadron-quark coupling vertex.
Light Nuclei Production in Au+Au Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 3 GeV from the STAR experiment
Authors: Liu Hui
Published: August 2022

Light nuclei production is expected to be sensitive to baryon density
fluctuations and can be used to probe the signatures of QCD critical
point and/or a first-order phase transition in heavy-ion collisions. In
this proceedings, we present the spectra and yields of protons
(\bm{p}𝐩)
and light nuclei (\bm{d}𝐝,
\bm{t}𝐭,
\bm{^{3}\mathrm{He}}3He,
\bm{^{4}\mathrm{He}}4He)
in Au+Au collisions at \bm{\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}}𝐬NN
= 3 GeV by the STAR experiment. Finally, it is found that the kinetic
freeze-out dynamics (temperature \bm{T_{kin}}𝐓𝐤𝐢𝐧\bm{vs.}𝐯𝐬.
average radial flow velocity \langle\beta_{T}\rangle⟨βT⟩)
at \bm{\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}}𝐬NN
= 3 GeV extracted with the blast-wave model deviate from the trends at
high energies (\bm{\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}}𝐬NN
= 7.7 - 200 GeV), indicating a different medium equation of state.
Intraventricular hemorrhages in premature newborns: predictors of development
Authors: Saryieva O. P. , Protsenko E. V. , Kulida L. V.
Published: August 2022

Intraventricular hemorrhage is the most common type of brain damage in infants with extremely low and very low body weight. The main source of intraventricular hemorrhages in premature infants are the vessels of the ventricular germinal zone, or germ matrix. Intraventricular hemorrhages are caused by many risk factors. The current concept is that predictors of development are classified into ante-, intra- and postnatal. The most significant among them is intrauterine infection, which can have a direct and indirect effect on the immature structures of the fetal brain. Also of great importance are the concomitant pathology of the cardiovascular system in the mother and complications of pregnancy and childbirth (placental abruption, rapid delivery, chronic placental insufficiency). On the part of the newborn, coagulation disorders in combination with immaturity of the hemostatic system, as well as pathology of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems are important. Predictors of intraventricular hemorrhages in premature infants (genetic, hemostasiological, morphological), require further study, analysis, and optimization of application in order to prevent and reduce the incidence of intraventricular hemorrhages.
PRKAG2-associated hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Leontyeva I. V.
Published: August 2022

Mutations in the PRKAG2 gene lead to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in combination with Wolff—Parkinson—White syndrome. The cause of the development of heart damage is the deposition of glycogen in the myocardium and the conduction system of the heart with a violation of the metabolism of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase. A feature of PRKAG2 hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is progressive conduction disturbances with the development of atrioventricular blockade and ventricular preexcitation syndrome with a high frequency of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia against the background of additional atrioventricular fenestrations (Wolff—Parkinson—White syndrome). Progressive heart failure, high frequency of sudden cardiac death at a young age are characteristic. The features of diagnosis and treatment are considered.
Evgeniy Petrovich Radin (on the 150th birth anniversary)
Authors: Mizernitsky Yu. L. , Ryngachenko E. S.
Published: August 2022

This article is devoted to the 150th anniversary of the birth of Evgeniy Petrovich Radin, a prominent scientist and figure of the Soviet health care. In 1927, he was the head of the State Scientific Institute of Health Protection of Children and Adolescents, founded by People’s Commissariat for Health of the RSFSR — the State Institute for Health Protection of Children and Adolescents named after the 10th anniversary of the October Revolution (later the Moscow Research Institute of Pediatrics and Children Surgery, at present it is the Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics at the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University) — which position he held until 1931. The article reflects the well-known and little-known facts of Radin’s complicated biography, the variety of his great talent and his invaluable contribution to the establishment of the Institute, which has remained the flagship of the Russian pediatric science for almost a century.
Improving the treatment of the novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in children at risk for the development of severe disease with the use of virus-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Tokarev A. S. , Osmanov I. M. , Mazankova L. N. , Zakharova I. N. , Samitova E. R. , Kotenko S. O.
Published: August 2022

This study presents the results of treatment of 98 patients with risk of development of severe coronavirus disease (hereinafter COVID-19) with the first positive result of polymerase chain reaction test for SARS-CoV-2 in a day clinic of the multidisciplinary Z.A. Bashlyaeva Children’s Municipal Clinical Hospital. To prevent the clinical manifestation of COVID-19 and the progression of the main disease all these children were treated with virus-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (sotrovimab 500 mg dissolved in 92 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride solution intravenously for 30 minutes, once, for children over 12 years old and with body weight over 12 kg; balanivimab 700 mg + etesivimab 1400 mg pre-dissolved in 250 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride solution intravenously for 30 minutes, once). Patients underwent a comprehensive clinical, laboratory and instrumental examination both initially and in dynamics for 3–7–11 days after therapy according to the developed clinical algorithm. The effectiveness of biological therapy in children with a risk of severe COVID-19 was noted in 100% of cases. None of the observed patients had either a clinical manifestation of COVID-19 or a relapse of the main chronic disease.
Prevalence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in the Russian Federation. Are the data real?
Authors: Ovsyannikov D. Yu. , Keshishyan E. S. , Krsheminskaya I. V. , Bystrova O. V.
Published: August 2022

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is the most common chronic lung disease in children under three years. Risk factors of bronchopulmonary dysplasia include prematurity, low birth weight, intrauterine growth restriction, and prolonged respiratory support in neonatal period. However, the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia directly depends on the criteria for diagnosis and criteria for its withdrawal, since the most frequent current “new form” of the disease may not have clinically significant manifestations. This article summarizes data of bronchopulmonary dysplasia incidence in different medical centers in the Russian Federation. The incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia varied significantly from 0% to 87%. Increasing knowledge on incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia is important to determine ways to improve care of premature infants, to predict diseases of the respiratory system in these patients. It is possible to get reliable data in groups of patients homogeneous in terms of gestational age and birth weight if applying uniform approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
Cell technologies as a platform for personalized therapy: global challenges in oncology
Authors: Rykov M. Yu. , Mentkevich G. L. , Dolgopolov I. S.
Published: August 2022

The incidence of various types of cancer is steadily increasing. It is necessary to correctly analyze and interpret statistical data, given that the quality of medical care at all its stages is characterized not by the level of morbidity, but by the mortality rate. The leading centers of the Russian Federation can apply almost all the therapy methods to treat patients. At the same time, one of the limiting factors for increasing the survival rate is the detection of diseases mainly at the late stages, which dictates the need to increase oncological alertness and the widespread introduction of early screening diagnostics into healthcare practice. The development of many new targeted drugs has led to the fact that only a few have been shown to be effective in the treatment of only certain types of tumors. The development of bone marrow transplantation contributed to the development of other directions in medicine, which proved that the hematopoietic stem cell is a platform for personalized therapy for many diseases. The article describes the problems of cell therapy implementation in the treatment of cancer patients.
Neurodevelopmental outcomes in premature infants with very low and extremely low birth weight at two years corrected age
Authors: Shumilov P. V. , Mazmanyan P. A. , Sarkisyan H. A. , Nikogosyan K. V.
Published: August 2022

Premature infants born before 32 weeks of gestation with very low and extremely low birth weights are at higher risk for several neurodevelopmental disorders, including cerebral palsy and sensory, cognitive, and behavioral problems. The more complications are observed in the neonatal period, the higher is the likelihood of long-term complications of prematurity. Studying the factors that influence the outcome of neurological development is the only way to develop better treatment approaches.Purpose. Assessment of correlations between the brain ultrasonography data in children with very low and extremely low birth weights at birth with perinatal and neonatal risk factors, to predict neurodevelopmental outcomes and neuropsychic disorders at 2 years of corrected age.Material and methods. The material of the study was premature babies with very low and extremely low birth weights (≤32 weeks, ≤1500 g) who were born and received treatment and care in two large perinatal centers in Yerevan. Neurodevelopmental outcome in children was assessed using the Bayley-III developmental scale at 2 years of age.Results. 64% of ex-premature babies had completely normal development. 10% had cerebral palsy, 21% of children had a speech delay, 5% developed mental deficiency. Socio-emotional and behavioral problems were more common, especially in the social and practical areas (27% and 25%, respectively). 85.7% of children with motor disorders and 60% of children with speech delay had concomitant behavioral disorders. Deviations in behavior were found in 34.4% of children with normal (mental, motor, speech) development. More than 9% of children had very good results, 2% had a high level of mental development, and 3% — a high level of motor development.Conclusion. Predictors for the development of motor disorders and cerebral palsy were Grade 2 and 3 intraventricular hemorrhages, cystic periventricular leukomalacia, ventriculomegaly. Ventriculomegaly at term equivalent age, expansion of the extracerebral space and interhemispheric fissure led to combination of cerebral palsy and delayed speech development.
Vascular endothelial growth factor in breast milk
Authors: Dementieva Yu. N. , Cherdantsev A. P. , Dolgova D. R. , Stenyushkina M. A. , Bakhtogarimov I. R. , Epifanova E. G.
Published: August 2022

Vascular endothelial growth factor is a consequence of angiogenesis links, while at the same time it exhibits different activity under changes in breast milk storage conditions.

Purpose. To study the vascular endothelial growth factor (vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF) in breast milk and peripheral blood in women with different states of health in the dynamics of lactation, to assess the effect of physical exposure on this indicator.

Material and methods. 96 lactating women were enrolled in the study. The sampling of breast milk and peripheral blood for the laboratory part of the study was carried out 3–5 days after birth, then after 1, 3, and 6 months of lactation. To assess the influence of physical factors on the level of VEGF in breast milk, different modes of temperature exposure were used: freezing and long-term (up to 6 months) storage, heating in a microwave oven up to +60°C.

Conclusion. It has been shown that the VEGF level does not change in samples obtained from women with different states of health during pregnancy and lactation. Preservation of milk at a low temperature affects the reduction of this protein by more than 4 times. Rapid heating of samples by microwave exposure (up to +60°C) leads to partial inactivation of the protein.
Changes in the structural and functional state of the myocardium and intracardiac hemodynamics as markers of cardiovascular risks in adolescent children with obesity and metabolic syndrome
Authors: Kozlova L. V. , Bekezin V. V. , Peresetskaya O. V.
Published: August 2022

Obesity is one of the high-priority problems in modern pediatrics. To study early cardiovascular risks in adolescent children with obesity, 85 subjects with exogenous constitutional obesity at the age of 12–18 years were examined. The patients were divided into two groups: the first group, 41 patients with uncomplicated primary exogenous constitutional obesity, the second — 44 patients with obesity and metabolic syndrome; controls included 20 healthy adolescents of the same age with normal body weight. Based on a comprehensive study of the structural and functional state of the myocardium and intracardiac hemodynamics, it was found that the early significant criteria for cardiovascular risk in obese adolescent children were insulin resistance (HOMA-IR over 3.4), labile arterial hypertension, impaired relaxation, and/or concentric LV remodeling.
Comprehensive diagnosis of arterial hypertension in athletes specializing in various sports
Authors: Balykova L. A. , Klyuchnikov S. O. , Ivyansky S. A. , Shirokova A. A. , Soldatov O. M. , Soldatov Yu. O. , Samarin A. V. , Ashirova N. A. , Bespalov R. A.
Published: August 2022

While for adult athletes, increasing blood pressure is one of the main reasons for withdrawing from sports for medical reasons, for children this issue is only being studied. Prevalence, risk factors for arterial hypertension and target organ involvement in young (under 18 years old) athletes’ population of different sports specialization and skill levels have not yet been determined.The purpose of this work was an attempt to determine the arterial hypertension prevalence depending on sports affiliation among highly trained young athletes. It was determined that in athletes the blood pressure’s level, as well as some markers of hidden hypertension, vary significantly (0–23%) depending on diagnostics method, sports specialization, and professional experience.
Effectiveness of using the program “Frequency of audiological monitoring in children of the first year of life with risk factors for hearing loss and deafness”
Authors: Bogomilsky M. R. , Rakhmanova I. V. , Degtyareva M. V. , Gorev V. V. , Vitkovskaya I. P. , Kruglyakov A. Yu. , Ishanova Yu. S. , Matroskin A. G. , Dudarov S. P.
Published: August 2022

Purpose. To present data on testing the program, which allows optimizing audiological monitoring in children with risk factors for the development of hearing loss and deafness.Characteristics of children and research methods. 217 children who underwent audiological monitoring at the consultative аnd diagnostic center in Morozov Children’s City Clinical Hospital were examined. The research was a prospective longitudinal study with cross-sectional elements. The children were divided into 2 groups. The first group (main) consisted of 136 children who underwent audiological monitoring based on the developed program, and the second (comparison) included 81 children (the program was not applied). Statistical software packages SPSS and Epi info were used to process the obtained data.Results. In the main group, the most common age of children with primary treatment was (3.0 ± 0.5) months, and in the comparison group — (6.0 ± 0.5) months. In the main group, in the period of (3.0 ± 0.5) months of life, out of 129 children, neurosensory hearing loss was detected in 27 (21.0%), in the period of (6.0 ± 0.5) in 19 of 134 (14.0%), and in the periods of (9.0 ± 0.5) and (12.0 ± 0.5) in 19 (13.4%) and 5 of 136 children, respectively. In 22 children out of 136, hearing decline was transient. In the comparison group at the age of (3.0 ± 0.5) months, neurosensory hearing loss was detected in 2 children, at (6.0 ± 0.5) months in 4 out of 15, at (9.0 ± 0.5) in 1 child out of 25, and at (12.0 ± 0.5) in 9 patients out of 35 children.Conclusion. The application of the developed program will allow neonatologists and primary care physicians to fully comply with the deadlines for audiological monitoring.
Retrospecting the Indus Mediation through Waltz's levels of analysis
Authors: Mehsud Muhammad Imran
Published: August 2022

This article presents a retrospection of India–Pakistan Indus Mediation (1951–1960) that culminated in the Indus Waters Treaty (IWT) from the perspective of Waltz's levels of analysis. It argues that apart from the factors at the individual and domestic levels of India and Pakistan, it was the US–USSR Cold War rivalry coupled with the India–Pakistan security dilemma at the international level that goaded the Mediation to succeed. The US sought to resolve the India–Pakistan water dispute as a first step to resolve the Kashmir dispute before the USSR could intervene in the region in the pretext of the Kashmir dispute. The India–Pakistan security dilemma compelled India and Pakistan to accept the offices of the World Bank and sign the IWT in 1960.
Removal of Cr (III) from wastewater by using raw and chemically modified sawdust and corn husk
Authors: Afzaal Muhammad , Hameed Saman , Abbasi Naeem Akthar , Liaqat Iram , Rasheed Rizwan , Khan AamirAmanat Ali , Manan Hafiz abdul
Published: August 2022

The contamination of water resources by heavy metals (HMs), mainly introduced by anthropogenic resources, has been considered as a serious environmental issue in the recent era. Therefore, the conventional methods for heavy metal removal have various drawbacks in terms of cost, toxicity, and efficiency. The novel study investigated the biosorption intensity of raw and chemically modified sawdust (SD) and corn husk (CH) to eliminate chromium (III) from the aqueous solutions. SD and CH were used as biosorbents and were treated chemically with sulfuric acid (H2SO4), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and detergent powder. The biosorption potential was estimated based on percentage removal efficiency (% RE) of chromium (III) and the adsorption intensity (qmax). The characterization of surface morphology and functional groups of biosorbents was studied by SEM and FTIR. Moreover, the adsorption isotherm models (Langmuir and Freundlich), kinetic models (pseudo-first-order kinetics and pseudo-second-order kinetics), and thermodynamic parameters (ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS°) were also assessed to predict the biosorption process. The results of % RE revealed that detergent-treated SD (DTSD) and detergent-treated CH (DTCH) showed highest % RE of 9.27 ± 0.15 (%) and 99.16 ± 0.08 (%) for elimination of chromium (III), respectively. Similarly, base-treated SD (BTSD) and base-treated CH (BTCH) exhibited 95.53 ± 0.18 (%) and 92.43 ± 0.22 (%) of % RE compared with 77.87 ± 1.64 (%) and 81.96 ± 0.34 (%) removal efficiency of acid-treated SD (ATSD) and acid-treated CH (ATCH), respectively. The raw SD (RSD) and raw CH (RCH) showed lower % RE of 23.68 ± 1.52 (%) and 35.52 ± 4.74 (%) for Cr (III) removal. Further, the porosity on the biosorbent's surface and attached functional groups increased after chemical treatment and this variation resulted in increased removal efficiency after chemical treatments. The Langmuir isotherm model and the Freundlich isotherm model were employed to predict the biosorption process, and both these models are best-fitted. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model was promising representative of the biosorption data. The process was endothermic and the parameters indicated that Cr (III) biosorbtion was thermodynamically favorable. Therefore, the obtained results highlighted that detergent-treatment enhanced the % RE, and DTSD and DTCH are highly efficient biosorbents for eliminating Cr (III) from aqueous solutions. Thus, detergent-treated biosorbents are proved to be a promising sustainable, eco-friendly, and cost-effective way to treat HMs from aqueous solutions as they utilize natural agriculture waste products and also handle issues related to excessive solid waste management.
Application of machine learning approaches in predicting estuarine dissolved oxygen (DO) under a limited data environment
Authors: Siddik Mohammad Abu Zafer
Published: August 2022

The application of machine learning (ML) approaches to predict estuarine dissolved oxygen (DO) from a set of environmental covariates including nutrients remains unexplored due to nutrient data unavailability. Employing data from 12 southwest coastal Florida water quality stations, the applicability of four ML models – support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), decision tree, and Wang–Mendel – was examined in predicting DO under a limited nutrient data environment. Monthly water temperature, pH, salinity, total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) data were used for model development. The multiple linear regression model was trained as benchmarks to compare the ML model performances. The site-specific RF and SVM showed superior model efficiency (Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency > 0.80) when all the predictor variables were used for model development. However, models trained without nutrients demonstrated reduced prediction accuracy. Modeling by synthesizing all site data under TN-limited, TP-limited, and TN- & TP-co-limited regimes illustrated a preferable performance of RF. Overall, the study rendered two crucial conclusions that could complement the existing approaches to estimate total daily loads for environmental management: (1) nutrients serve as a necessary predictor of estuarine DO dynamics and (2) RF performs better among the ML methods under a limited data environment.
Reverse Engineering of Medicinal and Nutritional Products - Approaches
Available for Generic Product Development
Authors: Gupta Sunil , Kaur Simran , Hamid Junaid Ul
Published: August 2022

Pharmaceutical preparations contain at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient and a wide range of excipients, each with a defined pharmaceutical purpose. India is known as the pharmacy of the world [manufacturing of generic drug products]. The market demand of the generic products is increasing exponentially throughout the Asian and African regions. To satisfy the general population needs and competition in the market specific tools need to be there in the generic manufacturing unit that can fulfil the need of generic manufactures in cracking the branded medicinal and nutritional products. The aim of this review is to present reverse engineering techniques which have been found beneficial in the qualitative and quantitative analysis. The diversity of techniques and their uses in generic product development have been reviewed here. This was a supposed idea to provide the generic manufacturers an analytical tool set which can make generic product development easier and provides several examples of excipients which have been identified to crack the drug composition.
Cerebral Vasospasm: Practical Review of Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Romenskaya Tatsiana , Longhitano Yaroslava , Piccolella Fabio , Berger Jack Marshall , Artico Marco , Taurone Samanta , Maconi Antonio , Saviano Angela , Caramuta Michela , Savioli Gabriele , Zanza Christian
Published: August 2022

Background:

Cerebral vasospasm is one of the frequent complications that can occur
following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). With new protocols in the management of SAH, the
combined risk of death and long-term disability have been reduced by about 10% compared with
the past.

Objective:

This work aims to report the latest updates on the vasospasm developing after the SAH
in patients in the ICU department. In this short review, we reviewed the latest scientific findings on
the mechanisms of vasospasm, and in addition, we considered it necessary to review the literature to
report the tools for early diagnosis of vasospasm and the best treatment strategies to prevent the
negative outcome in patients admitted to ICU.

Aim:

The aim of this narrative review is to report the main characteristics of vasospasm, new diagnostic
methods, and, especially, more effective treatment of vasospasm.

Materials and Methods:

The peer-reviewed articles analyzed were selected from PubMed, Google
scholar, Embase, and Scopus databases published in the previous 20 years using the keywords
"vasospasm", "vasospasm diagnosis", "vasospasm and SAH", "vasospasm treatment", and nontraumatic
brain injury. Among the 78 papers identified, 43 articles were selected; after the title - abstract
examination and removing the duplicates, only 31 articles were examined.

Results:

Vasospasm can be classified according to clinical (asymptomatic vs. symptomatic) and diagnostic
(angiographic vs. ultrasound) methods. Various procedures such as TCD and CT perfusion
are used for early diagnosis and close monitoring of this condition. The treatment of vasospasm
consists of both prevention (nimodipine, statitis, and magnesium sulphate) and active treatment
(mainly endovascular).

Conclusion:

As the review shows, vasospasm is a complication of SAH, a complication that is difficult
to recognize early and treat with the best outcome. However, with the equipment we have, it
has been possible to improve the outcome, even if it is still not ideal, in patients who develop vasospasm.
Several studies are in the final stages to improve the outcome of this unfortunately frequent
condition.
The Role of Photobiomodulation on Dental-Derived Stem Cells in Regenerative
Dentistry: A Comprehensive Systematic Review
Authors: Firoozi Parsa , Amiri Mohammad Amin , Soghli Negin , Farshidfar Nima , Hakimiha Neda , Fekrazad Reza
Published: August 2022

Background:

Photobiomodulation therapy involves exposing tissues to light sources, including
light-emitting diodes or low-level lasers, which results in cellular function modulation. The molecular
mechanism of this treatment is revealed, demonstrating that depending on the light settings utilized, it has
the potential to elicit both stimulatory and inhibitory reactions.

Objective:

The current systematic review aimed to evaluate the impact of photobiomodulation therapy on
dental stem cells and provide an evidence-based conclusion in this regard.

Methods:

This systematic review was performed and reported based on the Preferred Reporting Items for
Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) revised guidelines. PICO(S) components were employed
to define the inclusion criteria. Web of Science, Scopus, Medline as well as grey literature, and
google scholar were searched up to September 2021 to retrieve relevant papers.

Results:

Photobiomodulation therapy showed promising effects on the proliferation, viability, and differentiation
of dental stem cells. This finding was based on reviewing related articles with a low risk of bias.

Conclusion:

Despite the positive benefits of photobiomodulation therapy on dental stem cells, the current
data do not provide a definitive conclusion on the best physical parameters for enhancing cell viability,
proliferation, and differentiation.
The social responsibility of distance higher education in the COVID-19
Authors:   Department of Entrepreneurship and Business, Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design, Kyiv, Ukraine, et al. Shcherbak
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this paper is to determine the actual and ultimate necessary level of social responsibility of distance higher education in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The article presents a model for assessing the effectiveness of teaching and social responsibility of distance higher education in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. This model, unlike the existing ones, takes into account organizational and technological, economic, and socio-pedagogical factors. The degree of influence of the presented factors was revealed using factor analysis. Based on the taxonomic method and cluster analysis, clusters of universities were obtained by the level of teaching effectiveness and social responsibility of distance higher education in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The initial data included online reporting of 50 higher education institutions from the Top 200 Ukraine rating for 2020; the results of a survey of teachers and students on the Google Forms platform. The proposed model, unlike the existing ones, makes it possible to adjust the components of distance learning at universities, to develop a system of measures to increase the level of social responsibility of distance learning in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Assessment of Factors Affecting the Use of Drones in Map Production
Authors:   Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Topographic Engineering, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syrian Arab Republic, Alkhalil Omar
Published: August 2022

Multi-rotor and fixed-wing drones are extensively used to collect the data needed for producing large-scale topographic maps and plans. Several types of drone products are available, and the most important one for surveyors is an orthophoto. Flight planning, the quality of the control data, the assessment of drone products, and the image processing software need to be considered when using thes e drones. In this study, we explained these concepts and discussed their theoretical and practical importance in providing standards and tools that might help drone users, surveyors, and others, in obtaining the products they desire. We also proposed a detailed methodology for evaluating the accuracy of the image processing products of the drones as aerial triangulation and orthophoto. We discussed the importance of the Ground Sampling Distance (GSD) and the ground control points to assess the absolute accuracy of the aerial triangulation of the images and the importance of performing statistical tests before evaluating the absolute horizontal accuracy of the orthophoto. The checkpoints measured using more accurate methods than drone photogrammetry were used for the assessment. In this study, we evaluated the dependence of the differences between the coordinates of these points and the coordinates of the corresponding points measured on the orthophoto based on a normal distribution, and the correlation between them, before applying international standards for determining the absolute horizontal accuracy of the orthophoto. An orthophoto covering 6.57 hectares with a horizontal accuracy of 0.362
eHealth in Care Coordination for Older Adults Living at Home: Scoping Review
Authors: Fjellså Hilde Marie Hunsbedt , Husebø Anne Marie Lunde , Storm Marianne
Published: August 2022

Background

The population of older adults is projected to increase, potentially resulting in more older adults living with chronic illnesses or multimorbidity. Living with chronic illnesses increases the need for coordinated health care services. Older adults want to manage their illnesses themselves, and many are positive about using eHealth for care coordination (CC). CC can help older adults navigate the health care system and improve information sharing.

Objective

This study aimed to map the research literature on eHealth used in CC for older adults living at home. This study assessed CC activities, outcomes, and factors influencing the use of eHealth in CC reported by older adults and health care professionals.

Methods

We used a scoping review methodology. We searched four databases—MEDLINE, CINAHL, Academic Scoping Premier, and Scopus—from 2009 to 2021 for research articles. We screened 630 records using the inclusion criteria (older adults aged >65 years, primary health care setting, description of an eHealth program or intervention or measure or experiences with the use of eHealth, and inclusion of CC or relevant activities as described in the Care Coordination Atlas). The analysis of the included articles consisted of both a descriptive and thematic analysis.

Results

A total of 16 studies were included in this scoping review. Of these 16 studies, 12 (75%) had a quantitative design, and the samples of the included studies varied in size. The categories of eHealth used for CC among older adults living at home were electronic health records and patient portals, telehealth monitoring solutions, and telephone only. The CC activity communication was evident in all studies (16/16, 100%). The results on patient- and system-level outcomes were mixed; however, most studies (7/16, 44%) reported improved mental and physical health and reduced rehospitalization and hospital admission rates. Observing changes in patients’ health was a facilitator for health care professionals using eHealth in CC. When using eHealth in CC, available support to the patient, personal continuity, and a sense of security and safety were facilitators for older adults. Individual characteristics and lack of experience, confidence, and knowledge were barriers to older adults’ use of eHealth. Health care professionals reported barriers such as increased workload and hampered communication.

Conclusions

We mapped the research literature on eHealth-enabled CC for older adults living at home. We did not map the gray literature as we aimed to map the research literature (peer-reviewed research articles published in academic journals). The study results showed that using eHealth to coordinate care for older adults who live at home is promising. To ensure the successful use of eHealth in CC, we recommend customized eHealth-enabled health care services for older adults, including individualized education and support.
Willingness to Use and Pay for Digital Health Care Services According to 4 Scenarios: Results from a National Survey (Preprint)
Authors: Lee Junbok , Oh Yumi , Kim Meelim , Cho Belong , Shin Jaeyong
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND

Smartphones and their associated technology have evolved to an extent where these devices can be used to provide digital health interventions. However, few studies have been conducted on the willingness to use (WTU) and willingness to pay (WTP) for digital health interventions.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to investigate how previous service experience, the content of the services, and individuals’ health status affect WTU and WTP.

METHODS

We conducted a nationwide web-based survey in 3 groups: nonusers (n=506), public service users (n=368), and private service users (n=266). Participants read scenarios about an imagined health status (such as having a chronic illness) and the use of digital health intervention models (self-management, expert management, and medical management). They were then asked to respond to questions on WTU and WTP.

RESULTS

Public service users had a greater intention to use digital health intervention services than nonusers and private service users: scenario A (health-risk situation and self-management), nonusers=odd ratio [OR] .239 (SE .076; P<.001) and private service users=OR .138 (SE .044; P<.001); scenario B (health-risk situation and expert management), nonusers=OR .175 (SE .040; P<.001) and private service users=OR .219 (SE .053; P<.001); scenario C (chronic disease situation and expert management), nonusers=OR .413 (SE .094; P<.001) and private service users=OR .401 (SE .098; P<.001); and scenario D (chronic disease situation and medical management), nonusers=OR .480 (SE .120; P=.003) and private service users=OR .345 (SE .089; P<.001). In terms of WTP, in scenarios A and B, those who used the public and private services had a higher WTP than those who did not (scenario A: β=–.397, SE .091; P<.001; scenario B: β=–.486, SE .098; P<.001). In scenario C, private service users had greater WTP than public service users (β=.264, SE .114; P=.02), whereas public service users had greater WTP than nonusers (β=–.336, SE .096; P<.001). In scenario D, private service users were more WTP for the service than nonusers (β=–.286, SE .092; P=.002).

CONCLUSIONS

We confirmed that the WTU and WTP for digital health interventions differed based on individuals’ prior experience with health care services, health status, and demographics. Recently, many discussions have been made to expand digital health care beyond the early adapters and fully into people’s daily lives. Thus, more understanding of people’s awareness and acceptance of digital health care is needed.
Over-Sampling Effect in Pre-Training for Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) to Localize Medical BERT and Enhance Biomedical BERT (Preprint)
Authors: Wada Shoya , Takeda Toshihiro , Okada Katsuki , Manabe Shirou , Konishi Shozo , Kamohara Jun , Matsumura Yasushi
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND

Pre-training large-scale neural language models on raw texts has made a significant contribution to improving transfer learning in natural language processing. With the introduction of transformer-based language models, such as bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT), the performance of information extraction from free text has significantly improved for both the general and medical domains; however, it is difficult to train specific BERT models that perform well for domains in which there are few publicly available databases of high quality and large size.

OBJECTIVE

We hypothesize that this problem can be addressed by over-sampling a domain-specific corpus and using it for pre-training with a larger corpus in a balanced manner. In this study, we verify our hypothesis by developing pre-training models using our method and evaluating their performance.

METHODS

Our proposed method was based on simultaneous pre-training after over-sampling. We conducted three experiments in which we generated (1) English biomedical BERT from a small biomedical corpus, (2) Japanese medical BERT from a small medical corpus, and (3) enhanced biomedical BERT pre-trained from complete PubMed abstracts in a balanced manner and compared their performance with the conventional models.

RESULTS

We first confirmed that our English BERT pre-trained using both general and small medical-domain corpora performed sufficiently well for practical use in the biomedical language understanding evaluation (BLUE) benchmark. Moreover, our proposed method was more effective than conventional methods for each different biomedical corpus size with the same corpus size for the general domain. Next, our Japanese medical BERT outperformed the other BERT models built using a conventional method concerning the medical document classification task. It demonstrated the same trend as in the first experiment in English. Lastly, our enhanced biomedical BERT model, in which clinical notes were not used during pre-training, achieved both clinical and biomedical scores on the BLUE benchmark that were 0.3 points above those of the model trained without our proposed method.

CONCLUSIONS

Well-balanced pre-training by over-sampling instances derived from a corpus appropriate for the target task allowed us to construct a high-performance BERT model.
Factors That Influence the Use of eHealth in Home Care: Scoping Review and Cross-sectional Survey (Preprint)
Authors: Mathijssen Elke , de Lange Wendela , Bleijenberg Nienke , van Houwelingen Thijs , Jaarsma Tiny , Trappenburg Jaap , Westland Heleen
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND

In home care, eHealth implementation requires health care professionals and home care clients to change their behavior because they have to incorporate the use of eHealth into their daily routines. Knowledge of factors that influence the use of eHealth in home care is needed to optimize implementation strategies. However, a comprehensive overview of such factors is lacking.

OBJECTIVE

The aims of this study were to (1) provide insight into the types of eHealth that are used and preferred in home care and (2) identify factors that influence the use of eHealth in home care according to health care professionals and home care clients.

METHODS

A scoping review and online, cross-sectional survey were conducted sequentially. The survey was conducted among Dutch health care professionals with a nursing background who were working for a home care organization at the time. The capability, opportunity, motivation, behavior (COM-B) model, which posits that for any behavior (B) to occur, a person must have the capability (C), opportunity (O), and motivation (M) to perform the behavior, was used to identify influencing factors. The use of a theoretical model may contribute to a better understanding of how to achieve and sustain behavior change in clinical practice.

RESULTS

We included 30 studies in the scoping review. The most frequently studied type of eHealth was a telecommunication/telemonitoring system. The survey was completed by 102 participants. The most frequently used types of eHealth were electronic health records, social alarms, and online client portals. A health app was the most frequently preferred type of eHealth. We identified 22 factors that influence the use of eHealth in home care according to health care professionals and home care clients. Influencing factors were organized into the components of the COM-B model, namely capability (n=6), opportunity (n=10), and motivation (n=6). We found that there is no single influencing factor that is key to the complexity of eHealth implementation.

CONCLUSIONS

Different types of eHealth are used, and many types of eHealth are preferred by health care professionals. The identified factors that influence the use of eHealth in home care relate to all components of the COM-B model. These factors need to be addressed and embedded in implementation strategies of eHealth to optimize the use of eHealth in home care.
Incidence and Risk Factors for Dialysis Reinitiation among Patients with a History of Dialysis Dependency
Authors: Ku Elaine , Hsu Raymond K. , McCulloch Charles E. , Lo Lowell , Copeland Timothy , Siyahian Salpi , Grimes Barbara , Johansen Kirsten L.
Published: August 2022

Background and objectives

Recovery of kidney function after the start of maintenance dialysis can occur, but data on the incidence and risk factors for restarting dialysis after recovery of kidney function in this population are limited.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

We conducted a retrospective study of adult Medicare beneficiaries who started dialysis between 2005 and 2015 according to the United States Renal Data System but who had recovery of kidney function (defined as a ≥90-day dialysis-free interval). We identified risk factors that were associated with the risk for the reinitiation of dialysis within a 3-year time frame following the recovery of kidney function and at any time during follow-up using Cox proportional hazards models.

Results

Of the 34,530 individuals previously on dialysis who had recovery of kidney function, 7217 (21%) restarted dialysis (absolute rate of 11.5 per 100 person-years) within 3 years of recovery of kidney function, and 9120 (26%) restarted dialysis during the entire follow-up period (absolute rate of 8.8 per 100 person-years). Among those with CKD stage 1 or 2 after recovery of kidney function, 10% of individuals restarted dialysis within 3 years of their recovery of kidney function, whereas among those with CKD stage 3, 4, or 5, 13%, 27%, and 36% of individuals restarted dialysis within 3 years of recovery of kidney function, respectively. Age at first dialysis, cause of kidney disease, history of CKD or nephrology care prior to starting dialysis, presence of heart failure, CKD stage following recovery of kidney function, and location of first dialysis initiation (inpatient versus outpatient) were some of the risk factors that were strongly associated with the risk of restarting dialysis after the recovery of kidney function.

Conclusions

Over one in five patients with recovery of kidney function after kidney failure restarted dialysis within 3 years.