bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Frombork councilor Jacobus Zanetti / Zanetti (around 1661–1737) and his
family circle
Authors: Przeracki Jerzy
Published: November 2021

Na podstawie fromborskich archiwaliów miejskich i ksiąg metrykalnych Fromborka, Braniewa i Lidzbarka Warmińskiego autor przedstawił sylwetkę rajcy fromborskiego Jacobusa Zanetiego/Zanettiego (około 1661-1737) i dzieje jego rodziny ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem osoby jego syna Jacobusa Zanetiego/Zanettiego juniora (1735-1776), rzeźbiarza i od 1770 roku obywatela Starego Miasta Braniewa. Przy okazji zaprezentował także postacie dwóch innych rajców fromborskich: pochodzącego z Lidzbarka Warmińskiego Michaela Knorra (1683-1722) i wywodzącego się najpewniej ze wsi Skolity w komornictwie dobromiejskim Joannesa Constantinusa Herdera (około 1677-1742), powiązanych rodzinnie z rajcą Jacobusem Zanetim/Zanettim.
Assessment of Knowledge and Practices of Wearing Medical Masks and Respirators during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Saleem Javaria , Karar Eelaf , Choudary Omer , Shaikh Faiq , Fatima Rida , Rathore Farooq
Published: November 2021

Objectives:To determine the gap between knowledge and practices of using face masks and respirators among PakistaniHealth care professionals (HCPs) during peak of first wave of COVID-19. Study Design and Settings:A Cross-sectional online survey of HCPs from different parts of the country was conductedfrom April-July 2020. Methodology:A self-administered questionnaire was created using guidelines issued by World Health Organization (WHO)and Centre of Disease Control (CDC) on use of masks and respirators in COVID-19 pandemic. It was distributed via emailand social media platforms. Valid responses (402) were analyzed by SPSS V.26. Descriptive statistics and chi square testwas applied and p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:The knowledge of Pakistani HCPs about masks and respirators was satisfactory but practices were not in line withcurrent guidelines by WHO and CDC. Majority reported that they considered wearing mask/respirators in correct way butonly 34% participants knew all steps of wearing a surgical mask and few knew all steps of wearing an N95 respirator.Concepts like fit test, seal and integrity of mask and respirators, hand hygiene, life of one mask/respirator and their reuse were not clear among most of respondents. Conclusion:In this diverse sample of Pakistani HCPs, practice of using face masks and respirators was not as per the guidelines despite adequate knowledge. Lack of sufficient practice in using mask and respirators were noticed.
To learn to know a thing: The practice of attention in Rilkean-Levertovian poetics
Authors: Drummond Willo
Published: November 2021

In the early 1950s UK-born US poet Denise Levertov transcribed a passage from The Selected Letters of Rainer Maria Rilke (1946) into her ‘Green Notebook’ a personal anthology of ‘brief essential texts’ (Levertov, 1973, p. 43). She labelled the passage ‘If a thing is to speak to you’. The excerpt was one of several from Rilke’s letters that would remain significant to Levertov across a near five-decade career. This article uses distributed mind theory to reflect on the role of the ‘thing’ in Rilkean-Levertovian poetics. Drawing primarily on Menary’s Cognitive Integration framework (2007a), it considers the role of two particular artefacts (things) – an idiosyncratic index created by Levertov to the Selected Letters and the aforementioned Green Notebook – in the development of Levertov’s cognitive character (Menary, 2012a). In so doing, it frames the Rilke-Levertov relationship as an example of enculturated cognition (Menary, 2015). In addition, it looks specifically at the role of Rilke’s Ding or thing poetics in this particular example of enculturation; that is, the influence of Rilke’s engagement with ‘things’ in the development of Levertov’s objectivist-inflected poetics of presence.

Image of Denise Levertov by Elsa Dorfman (CC BY-SA 3.0): ‘Portriat of Denise Levertov at Flagg St, Cambridge, MA’, Wikimedia Commons.
So many birds/one river: A fictocritical response to the Port-Yarta Puulti River, Kaurna Country
Authors: Eadie Jennifer
Published: November 2021

This article is a fictocritical exploration of the Port-Yarta Puulti River which runs through Kaurna Country in South Australia. Since the establishment of a shipping port in 1837 the river and the land that surrounds it have been heavily industrialised. This use/misuse of land and water exemplifies the human capacity to become socially dependent on the objectification of non-human environments. Such objectification both informs and limits how we use language: we find ourselves calling a river by its ‘resource’ name (Port River) rather than its living name (Yarta Puulti River). The repetition of this framing (in colonial/settler historical archives, policy, road maps, media, planning documentation) makes it easy to forget that this is not a port; it was made into one. In turn, this limits the kind of narratives that consequently emerge from and about a place. This article is composed of a series of experiments that creatively and theoretically engage (via image prose, image, and poetry) with the following question: how might we unhinge the intentional/unintentional censorship of the stories we write and learn from Country?
Diaspora memory-objects
Authors: Jacobson Anna
Published: November 2021

Objects are not just ‘objects’ but are connected to people and memory. My paper asks: how can objects help authors write from diverse experiences? I answer this question through a diasporic lens. Objects of ritual have strong importance in Judaism and cultural objects are often passed down throughout the generations. I analyse examples from writers, theorists, and curators, including Mark Baker and his memoir Thirty Days (2017); object theorist Bill Brown; Mireille Juchau and her essay ‘The Most Holy Object in the House’; postmemory theorists Marianne Hirsch and Leo Spitzer; curator Alla Sokolova; Marie Kondo and her use of the Japanese term ‘mono no aware’ (the pathos of things), and my own poetry collection Amnesia Findings (2019). Through this research, I arrive at a closer understanding of how objects can help writers respond to complex and hybrid experiences using memory-objects, and by writing through Things.
Seeing things as they are: Writing back to objects in unfamiliar localities
Authors: Wilson Claire Rosslyn
Published: November 2021

This article reflects on the way objects can become part of the creative writing process in unfamiliar cultural contexts. I draw from my example of writing haiku in response to everyday objects found in Barcelona public space, but more than an analysis of form this article aims to address ways in which the thing-power of objects can train a poet to see more clearly in unfamiliar environments. Drawing from the research of political theorist Jane Bennett (2010) and her investigation of thing-power, as well as poets such as Francis Ponge and Elizabeth Bishop, the paper pushes past viewing objects simply as tools for human subjects and questions what happens when one explores the thingliness of objects themselves. By paying attention to local spaces through the prism of objects moving within those spaces, the paper explores ways in which creative practice can reflect on unfamiliar cultural contexts. Through my research I tested in what ways critical reflection through objects might encourage the writer to see things as they are rather than as they appear, question the influence of past experience, and enhance a receptivity to unfamiliar things.
Amalgamaty koncepcyjne w designie
Authors: Bytniewska Hanna
Published: November 2021

Celem niniejszego tekstu jest określenie tych obszarów designu, w których badaniu przydatna może być struktura metafory (Lakoff, Johnson, 2010) oraz w jakim zakresie może być ona niewystarczająca. Bazę dla rozważań stanowią przykłady rozwiązań zastosowanych przez designerów. Projektanci, podejmując decyzje dotyczące przyszłego kształtu, funkcji i wyglądu przedmiotu, opierają się na swojej wiedzy na temat rzeczywistości, ludzkich potrzeb i przekazują użytkownikom to, jak rozumieją rolę i cele designu w życiu społecznym, a tym samym swoją wizję codzienności. Na podstawie omawianych przykładów tekst odnosi się do specyficznego rodzaju myślenia podczas pracy nad projektem, charakterystycznego dla designerów. Rozważania prowadzą do tezy, iż w sposób myślenia designerów pełniej opisuje model conceptual blending (Fauconnier, Turner, 2002) niż struktura metafory, która nie zawsze może być zastosowana. W literaturze polskiej conceptual blending, tłumaczone jako „amalgamaty pojęciowe”, najczęściej pojawia się w odniesieniu do badań lingwistycznych. Artykuł proponuje tłumaczenie „amalgamaty koncepcyjne”, jako poszerzającego znaczenie terminu i mającego zastosowanie również w badaniu myślenia wizualnego, w tym designu.
Integracja pojęciowa w memach internetowych zawierających wyobrażenia gestów
Authors: Libura Agnieszka
Published: November 2021

Artykuł omawia wyniki analizy memów opartych na binarnych opozycjach gestów. Memy te przywołują uniwersalne znaki myśli wpisane w reakcje ludzkiego ciała, niekiedy wsparte dobrze rozpoznawalnymi przedmiotami, które mogą stanowić „przedłużenie ciała”. Analiza dowodzi, że konstrukcja podstawowej serii memów oparta jest na integracji pojęciowej w szczególnym typie siatki jednozakresowej, w której skonwencjonalizowana przestrzeń wyjściowa dostarczająca ramy organizującej amalgamat jest wypełniania elementami z innej przestrzeni, zazwyczaj dotyczącej aktualnych wydarzeń, dzięki czemu nowe znaczenie wyłaniające się w siatce integracji pojęciowej może służyć jako komentarz polityczny, uwaga obyczajowa itp. Skonwencjonalizowane ramy służące do organizacji tych amalgamatów przekazują bardzo precyzyjne i powszechnie zrozumiałe przez użytkowników sieci znaczenia, które współtworzą ponowoczesny folklor.
Model Teaching Skills Yesus Kristus Berdasarkan Injil Lukas Bagi Pengembangan Kompetensi Pedagogik Guru dalam Pembangunan Adversity Quotient dan Spiritual Quotient Pelajar Di SMP Kristen 1 Harapan Denpasar-Bali
Authors: Runkat Els Ribkah , Mudak Sherly
Published: November 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh model teaching skills Yesus Kristus berdasarkan Injil Lukas bagi pengembangan kompetensi pedagogik guru bagi pembangunan adversity quotient dan spiritual quotient pelajar di SMP Kristen 1 Harapan Denpasar-Bali.

         Pembelajaran adalah suatu kegiatan yang dirancang oleh seorang guru atau pendidik untuk membantu siswa mengembangkan potensi dirinya serta mempelajari suatu nilai baru dalam suatu rangkaian sistem yang terkoordinasi dalam suatu proses pendidikan, yang biasanya ditentukan sebagai kompetensi keterampilan mengajar. Tercapainya tujuan kegiatan pendidikan atau pembelajaran erat kaitannya dengan profesionalisme dan kualitas guru, terutama kompetensi pedagogik guru dalam merencanakan dan mengelola pembelajaran. Berdasarkan model keterampilan mengajar Yesus Kristus, guru dapat mengembangkan kompetensi pedagogik guru untuk membangun adversity quotient dan spiritual quotient siswa.

        Penelitian ini secara khusus mengkaji kompetensi keterampilan teknis guru terhadap adversity quotient dan spiritual quotient siswa di SMP Kristen 1 Harapan Denpasar-Bali. Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk merancang Keterampilan Mengajar guru berdasarkan Yesus Kristus menulis pada Injil Lukas telah menjadi bukti otentik keberhasilan pencapaian tujuan pembelajaran yang mengubah kehidupan, sebagai kompetensi metode penelitian guru digunakan kombinasi dari desain sekuensial eksplorasi.

         Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa model keterampilan mengajar Yesus Kristus berdasarkan Injil Lukas merupakan strategi yang tepat dan efektif untuk pengembangan kompetensi pedagogik guru dalam pengembangan adversity quotient dan spiritual quotient siswa di SMP Kristen 1 Harapan Denpasar-Bali.
Kajian Teologis Terhadap Status Perempuan Dalam Perjanjian Baru
Authors: Setiawan Iwan , Tupamahu Chrest Thessy , Martono Martono , Tripena Yulia Vriska
Published: November 2021

Allah menjadikan perempuan supaya menjadi penolong bagi seorang laki-laki bukan menjadi kenikmatan para lelaki. Sikap ajaran Yesus tentang Perempuan sangat berbeda dengan ajaran Yudaisme tentang Perempuan pada masa Yesus hidup di dunia. Ajaran Yudaisme didominasi oleh kaum laik-laki yang kurang menghormati kaum perempuan. Perbedaan antara laik-laki dan perempuan sedemikian besar sehingga perempuan tidak dapat bergabung dengan laki-laki setaraf dalam Pendidikan agama atau dalam ibadah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan pemahaman secara teologis mengenai status perempuan dalam Perjanjian Baru. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif dengan penelitian literatur. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa perempuan diakui harkat dan martabatnya, bahkan perempuan menjadi rekan kerja Yesus di sepanjang pelayanan-Nya. Bahkan perempuan juga menjadi rekan kerja Rasul Paulus dalam pelayanannya, sehingga tidak dapat disangkal bahwa perempuan juga dapat mengambil peran dan kedudukan yang sangat penting di dalam gereja dengan porsi masing-masing. Dalam Perjanjian Baru bagi orang Yahudi perempuan adalah kaum yang lemah, sehingga tindakan mereka dibatasi, hak dan kewajiban serta peran mereka juga dikurangi bahkan tidak jarang perempuan juga diperbudak dan diperlakukan secara tidak adil. Tetapi Yesus Kristus hadir untuk membawa perubahan yang besar bagi kaum Marginal termasuk perempuan, yaitu pembebeasan dari belenggu dab sikap diskriminatif. Kini mereka diberikan hak dan kesempatan yang sama untuk melakukan hal-hal positif termasuk kesempatan untuk melayani Tuhan.
EFFECT OF DIFFERING EXERCISE INTENSITIES ON THE RESPONSE TIME OF GYMNASTS AND NON-GYMNASTS IN 3D CUBE MENTAL ROTATION TASK
Authors: Khalfallah Salma , Mkaouer Bessem , Amara Samiha , Habacha Hamdi , Souissi Nizar
Published: November 2021

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of different levels of exercise intensity on mental rotation performance in gymnasts vs. non-gymnasts'. Forty-one participants (18 females; mean age 20.94±0.89 years, height 1.65±0.03 m, body mass58.94±5.67 kg, and 23 males; mean age 21.26±0.99 years, height 1.70±0.05 m, body mass 66.87±4.52 kg) divided into two groups (i.e., gymnasts and non-gymnast) voluntarily took part in the present study. The two groups performed a 3D cube mental rotation task at rest, and then performed the same task preceded by short bouts of intense exercise at 60%, 80%, 100% and 120% of their maximum aerobic speed (MAS). The analyses of response times showed that gymnasts performed the mental rotation task faster following bouts of intense exercise than in rest condition, especially in 60% and 80% of MAS, whereas non-gymnasts increased their response times after moderate exercises (i.e., 60 et 80 % of MAS) and stabilized their performance (i.e., equally at the rest) after intense exercises. This finding highlights the specific physical expertise as a variable that can affect the influence of exercise on cognitive processing.
Problems and challenges faced by Pakistani police A case study of Police in Post-conflict Swat District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Authors: Ibrahim , Dr. Adnan Khan
Published: November 2021

Policing in post-conflict Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is a challenging task. Public opinion about police and policing in Swat is unsatisfactory and police are considered inefficient. There is a lack of research on the problems that the police face. Police’s perspective has received little or no attention. This study is conducted in district swat. This is a narrative qualitative study, while data is collected from police with the help of purposive sampling. Where the collected information has been analyzed with help of narrative analysis. The study shows that many constraints affect police in their service delivery but the most prevalent among them are insufficient numbers of police personnel, excessive workload, political interference, and financial issues. However, an increase in the number of the police force and reduction in the working hours, improvement in working conditions, allocation of adequate budget, making police apolitical, are some steps that can lead to effective policing.
AFGHANISTAN IN THE IMMEDIATE POST-TRAUMA CASE INVESTIGATING POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS IN THE YEARS (2002-2008)
Authors: Muhammad Dawood Kakar , Dr. Samra Naz , Ali Raza Momand
Published: November 2021

Afghanistan has been ruled under informal arrangements of power for most of its life. Due to conventional politics, political institutions have been less prioritized over time. Historically, Afghanistan has been short of a sound and secured political environment owing to multitudes of problems: geostrategic location, ethnic disorder, the conservative-liberal ideological gap, the sectarian divide, its tribal structure, etc. Afghan code of political conduct is based on longstanding traditions under which matters of local and even national importance are settled by the Jirga (local council) following those rules. The Head of a tribe is always cherished and his words carry weight. The Jirga system still prevails in Afghanistan and the Pashtun belt of Pakistan. Despite being an archaic scheme, the Jirga system has its merits in Afghan’s social and political lives as it decides their day-to-day matters within due space of time, and its assessments are valued because of the tribal social code. In the current  political developments following the Bonn Agreement, 2001, the informal provisions of power have been given a legal role as the Loya Jirga approved the Constitution and played an active part in the Interim and Transitional Afghan setups. This research paper presents a short history of power patterns in Afghanistan and studies its current political system at national and sub-national levels.
The Influence of International Public Opinion on Pak-Afghan Border Management
Authors: JIANG Sheng , Dr. Allauddin kakar , Ghulam Dastagir
Published: November 2021

This research paper examines the influence of International Public Opinion on Pakistan-Afghanistan border management. Though Durand Line is a recognized border between Pakistan and Afghanistan, but its management has been a source of contention between the two neighboring countries. The long porous border between Pakistan and Afghanistan remained threat to Pakistan’s security. In 2016, Pakistan started fencing work on its border with Afghanistan which was indeed a significant step towards border management. During the last two decades, relationships between Pakistan and Afghanistan reached their lowest level due to a number of clashes along Pak-Afghan border. The traditional media along with new media technologies has increased the scope of International Public Opinion or World Opinion as well as its influence on international events. The paper explores the leverage and impacts of International Public Opinion on border management between Pakistan and Afghanistan and highlight the significance of positive International Opinion on this border management. This paper highlights reports of global organizations, international media, role of social media, and state policies and their efforts in resolving Pak-Afghan border management issues.
Resource Curse and Political & Economic Transition in Central Asia
Authors: Dr. Uzma Siraj , Dr. Faisal Javaid
Published: November 2021

The role of rich hydrocarbon resources in the political & economic development of the Central Asian states has raised a lot of interest among scholars of international relations and Political Economy. The unsuccessful transition towards the capitalist economy and democratic political system have included them in the category of states affected by the resource curse. The prime purpose of this study is to examine the Resource Curse theory in the context of the Central Asia region to comprehend its impacts on the economic and political transition of the region. The study argues that ever since the region gained independence in 1991, the rich natural resource endowment of the region could not produce any substantial transformation in the political and economic landscape of the region. Despite their GDP and per capita growth, Politics and economy are completely divergent domains. Economic development, democratization, and nation-building are still detached spheres in Central Asia. A highly centralized political and economic system along with a predatory system of financial regulations and vested interests and heavy dependence on natural resource export instead of taxes reinforce the argument. The theory of resource curse provides a suitable theoretical tool to analyze the impotence of resource-rich states to establish a strong democratic base.
Comparative Analysis of Political Paradigms in the eras of Mikhail Gorbachev and Boris Yeltsin
Authors: Dr. Zobi Fatima , Sumbul Yousuf , Hiba Zehra
Published: November 2021

Gorbachev and Boris Yeltsin were those Soviet leaders who wanted to establish a progressive society and liberal economic development, unlike the Stalinist system that prevailed in USSR for decades. However, Gorbachev was still deeply communist but Yeltsin wanted to replace the communist system with democratic and capitalist ideals. This study also highlights the dynamics which restricts both the leaders in fulfilling their goals. It also put a critique on their leadership style while considering the volatile nature of Russian society at home and agitations abroad. Both of these leaders failed in their aspirations due to the deep-rooted conservative social structure. The article also discusses the impact of the policies and leadership styles of the two on Russian society and politics. The research concluded that the period of Gorbachev and Yeltsin was just an episode in Russian history which did not bring any fruitful development. The succeeding years after Yeltsin somehow continued the same policies as were before Gorbachev.
DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF INTEGRATED Sezs AS STIMULUS TO ECONOMIC GROWTH
Authors: Hassan Daud Butt,   Urooj Aijaz, Dr. Riaz Ahmed
Published: November 2021

SEZs are considered as an economic tool since its first introduction but still there exist a very little evidence to date to figure out the factors of its vital outcome and success. This paper is aimed to evaluate different aspects of SEZs by investigating the growth of SEZs in developing and under developed economies of the world. For the generation of economic / business activities and employment opportunities, the investment in Industrial Sector Development is critical and a strong innovative economy can help to address the need for economic growth for targeting poverty and acceleration of socio-economic development. In the past decades number of SEZs has grown from Asia to Europe where SEZs play key role in economic prosperity and internationally most of the countries utilize their SEZs to attract foreign investors which will open the doors of employment for the population. However, not all SEZs play remarkably well like China’s Shenzhen but China’s performance in this area is a bench mark for the entire world as it achieves immense growth through its ventures of SEZs. It is estimated that almost 66m jobs are created by the SEZs all around the World out which almost 30m located at China. In Pakistan CPECis the project,transformingthe Country and opening the doors of new business opportunities, making the country as an internationalinvestmentdestination. The objective of establishing Special economic zones under the China Pakistan economic corridor is to keep the wheel growth moving as it accelerates the pace of social prosperity through surge in trade, expanding export and self-sufficiency by import substitution. With 9 special economic zones (SEZs) under CPEC yet to get operational in Pakistan, it remains to be seen if the government's plan of setting up prioritized SEZs with both Greenfield and Brownfield investment will achieve desired results and not become "land grabbing real estate ventures". This study is an attempt to explore the potential of industrialization along with the policy implications necessary for sustainable growth of these SEZs. Success of these SEZs lie under its legislation, provision of utilities, level of federal autonomy and the flawless management system.Differences in theaffectivity of SEZs are owned bythe particularities of the territories andnaturalendowmentswherethese zones are developed host country labor cost, market size and infrastructure are crucial and the delivery of positive outcome also largely depends on its geographical positions (Alexey Kuznetsov and Olga Kuznetsova, 2019). Establishment of sector specific zones for targeting tourism and agriculture sector development will also support the objective of socio economic development but still need special focus to develop basic infrastructure to attain sustainable development. This study will come up with the best suggested sustainable framework that bring high jumps of growth by contributing in the national output
Controversial Status of Objective Resolution in the Form of Article 2A in the Constitutional History of Pakistan
Authors: Dr. Juliana Usman Wachani,  Prof. Dr. Sameena Saeed
Published: November 2021

Everyone is familiar that the purpose of acquisition of Pakistan is to establish an Islamic state. Under this perception the objectives resolution was presented by the first Prime Minister of Pakistan Liaquat Ali Khan before the first constituent assembly of Pakistan on 7th March 1949, which was approved on 12th march. It is the preamble of the constitution of Pakistan 1973 and has been made it’s an operative in 1985 under article 2A. Consequently amongst all the constitutions of Pakistan, the objective resolution worked as a foundation stone. The aim of the research is to understand the significance of the Article 2A. The qualitative method has been used to achieve the following intentions. The findings has depict the reality of Status of Article 2A is controversial and it should be revised in the constitution of Pakistan.
INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON PURCHASE INTENTION AND CUSTOMER LOYALTY OF GENERATION Y WITH THE MEDIATING EFFECT OF CONVICTION: A CASE OF PAKISTAN
Authors: Shaista Kamal Khan ,Dr Sabir Ahmed ,Dr Aamir Rashid
Published: November 2021

The major aim of this research is to examine the concept of conviction in internet business, e-word of mouth and usage of social media and what are the relationships between them and how these affect generation Y. After extensive review of the literature in a particular context five constructs are developed such as usage of social media, e-word of mouth, conviction, customer loyalty and purchase intention. The quantitative approach is applied and data is collected from 389, those are belonging to generation Y, after that realizability and validity of the questionnair social media and electronic word of mouth both have a strong influence on customer loyalty and purchase intention by mediating the strong effect of Conviction. All hypotheses are accepted and consistent with the earlier studies in the same context. The present study has an exclusive and valuable contribution because it confirms or validates the notion of conviction in digital business and then through conviction defines purchase intention and consumer loyalty.e were tested through smart PLS software. Findings revealed that the influence of
THE IMPACT OF POPULATION ON ECONOMIC GROWTH EVIDENCE FROM PAKISTAN
Authors: Meer Jan ,Sana ullah ,Mobeen Ahmed
Published: November 2021

Growing population is one of the major component of economic growth. The existing theoretical and empirical literature have found both positive and negative impact of population on economic growth. This paper inspects the impact of population on economic growth of Pakistan for the time period of 1961 to 2020. Data on dependent and independent variables were taken from world development indicator. Moreover, the study used (ARDL) to analyze the data. Findings of this study indicates that Population and Crude death rate have positive effect on economic growth in the short and long run. While, Fertility has a negative effect on economic growth in both short and long run. Finally, the result of this study are unbiased as evidenced by different diagnostic test used
AN ANALYSIS OF FAMILY LAWS OF RELIGIOUS MINORITIES IN PAKISTAN
Authors: Dr. Ghulam Mustafa ,Tooba Ahmad ,Muhammad Arslan
Published: November 2021

It is famously narrated that Pakistan came into being as a state for the Muslim minority of India. Nevertheless, Pakistan was also the homeland of many other religious natives such as Christian, Sikhs, Hindus, Parsis, Buddhists. Even many Jews lived in Pakistan who were the natives of this land for centuries before the partition of 1947. All of these religions are completely different from each other and also have their rituals, traditions, language, caste system, creed, ethnicity, marriage, and divorce laws. All of Pakistan’s constitutions give minorities equal rights, but when in the 1960s, Pakistan developed its first family laws for Muslims and launched “Nikah Nama”, and made other rules and regulations for the majority of its population but forgot about its minorities. Pakistan’s minorities suffer under Anglo Hindu Laws and The Christian Marriage Act of 1872 until recently. Pakistan introduced The Sindh Hindus Marriage Act 2016, the Hindu Marriage Act of 2017 Passed by the National Assembly of Pakistan, The Punjab Anand Karaj Marriage Act of 2018 for Sikh nationals, and the Christian Marriage and Divorce Act 2019 (still waiting for legislation). This article provides a brief introduction of above mention laws in the context of developments under the rights of religious minorities of the state. For this purpose, qualitative research is being conducted.
ANALISIS IMPLEMENTASI PENYANDERAAN (GIJZELING) DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEPATUHAN WAJIB PAJAK DAN SEBAGAI UPAYA PENCAIRAN TUNGGAKAN PAJAK: MENURUT PERSPEKTIF TEORI KEPATUHAN PAJAK
Authors: Dian Cahya Respati , Kiswara Endang , Fuad
Published: November 2021

This study aims to analyze and evaluate the implementation of gijzeling. This study also analyzes whether there are differences in impacts before and after the implementation of gijzeling on taxpayer compliance who is subject to gijzeling action, and analyzes whether the implementation of gijzeling provides deterrent effect for taxpayers subject to gijzeling action and other taxpayers in terms of taxpayer compliance and disbursement of tax arrears in Regional Office of DGT Central Java I. The data obtained were analyzed using a descriptive qualitative research method with a case study approach to answering the research question. The result of the research concludes that the implementation of gijzeling has been run in accordance with the provisions of the law, although in the field process, there are some adaptations and development, but still based on the procedures and rules. The implementation of gijzeling also made 100% liquid tax arrears for taxpayers subject to gijzeling action, while the application of gijzeling also proved to create a deterrent effect for other taxpayers who are in 1 group of companies that have tax arrears. The implementation of gijzeling in 2016 has not had any impact on tax arrears through other active collection.
QUESTIONS OF THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE OPERATION OF HIGHLY AUTOMATED VEHICLES
Authors: Капустин А.В. , Березовский Ю.А.
Published: November 2021

В статье затронуты вопросы, касающиеся правового регулирования участия в дорожном движении высокоавтоматизированных транспортных средств с использованием искусственного интеллекта.

he article deals with issues in the field of road safety in terms of legal regulation of participation in road traffic of highly automated vehicles using artificial intelligence.
ON THE FEATURES OF METHODS AND PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT IN THE DEPARTMENT OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS
Authors: Дидух С.В.
Published: November 2021

В настоящей статье рассматриваются особенности принципов в органах внутренних дел, как взаимосвязи между отдельными элементами системы, одновременно действующих друг с другом, непрерывно на всем периоде осуществления управления и особенности методов как совокупность средств и способов, направленных на выработку управленческого решения и его реализацию.

This article discusses the features of the principles in the Internal Affairs Bodies, as the relationship between the individual elements of the system, simultaneously acting with each other, continuously throughout the entire period of management, and the features of methods, as a set of tools and methods aimed at developing a management decision and its implementation.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Berbahasa Inggris Masyarakat Lokal terhadap Pariwisata Desa Lumban Suhi-Suhi Toruan
Authors: Yenni Elvita , Tenerman Tenerman , Sinaga Corry Novrica AP
Published: November 2021

Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pelatihan bahasa Inggris bagi pemilik homestay desa Lumban Suhi- suhi Toruan, kabupaten Samosir.  Tahapan-tahapan dalam kegiatan ini adalah (1) Tahapan awal, pre-test, (2) Tahapan inti, sosialisasi dan (3) Tahapan akhir, post-test. Kegiatan ini dilakukan untuk membantu meningkatkan kemampuan berbahasa Inggris pemilik homestay desa Lumban Suhi-suhi Toruan Kec. Samosir sehingga mereka memiliki dasar bahasa Inggris yang bermanfaat dalam menyambut wisatawan asing dalam mewujudkan desa Lumban Suhi-Suhi Toruan menjadi desa wisata.
The Effect of Humor Intervention Program on Positive and Negative Symptoms among Schizophrenic Patients
Authors: Ikram Adnan , Farooq Namra , Khan Ushnah , Muhammad Atta , Niaz Mehwish , Mehmood Anam
Published: November 2021

Background: Non-specifically pain in the low back occurs in 85% percent of population. Examples like Posterior to anterior mobilization and press up exercises are rapidly used as most common physical therapy intervention for the reduction of pain in low back. Aim: Major purpose of this study is to find out the influence of posterior to anterior mobilization of spine and prone press-ups exercises in reduction of pain due to nonspecific reasons in low back. Materials and Methods: The design of this study conducted was randomized clinical trial. Thirty subjects who fulfill the inclusion criteria were chosen subjectively from the department of physical therapy of Ayesha Hospital Lahore. Duration of study was six months, from November 2020 to April 2021. Two groups were made with selection of fifteen participants in each group. Posterior to anterior glides to lumber spine combined with the inclined press up's exercises of lumber was given to group II. Subjects chosen in group II were observed before the treatment started and after the completion of the treatment for NPRS and utilitarian incapacity. The posterior to anterior glide to lumber spine was given to the participants of group I. participants of group I were also examined before the start of the treatment and after the completion of entire treatment and NPRS along with functional incapacity were also observed at the end of the treatment. Results: Pain in low back spine is decreased in both of the selected groups I and II. Statistical importance occurs in results of both the groups in all its limitations. Both groups were similar in normality measurement values with p-value>0.05. Conclusion: Posterior to anterior mobilization and press-up exercises can be used as effective Keywords: Nonspecific pain in low back, prone press up exercises, posterior to anterior mobilization of spine.
Physical Therapy Facilities in Public and Private Health Care Centers in Lahore
Authors: Mateen Qureshi Adeel , Ali Sajjad Sajjad , Niaz Mehwish , Ali Rana Arif , Hayat M. Khizer , Raza Ali
Published: November 2021

Physical therapists are experts who assesses and treat issues of human body basically by physical methods. They address the complaints or disorders that restrict the person's ability to move and complete various functional activities in their daily routine. Objective: The goal of the investigation is to check physical therapy facilities in public and private health care centers in Lahore. Methodology: Cross-sectional survey was conducted across different private and public health care centers of Lahore. A self – designed questionnaire was made. The sample size of this study was 150. Convenient sampling technique has been used in this study for collection of data. Inspection of data was done by utilizing SPSS version 20, tables and charts were made. Results: Results suggested that equipment which were frequently available in most setups were ice packs, mobilization belt, and Thera bands (having the availability in more than 70% setups).The Electrotherapy modalities which were frequently available in most setups were heating pad, TENS, EMS, and massager (having the availability in more than 70% setups) 80.7% (n=88) setups having 1-5 Physical Therapists, 12.8 %( n=14) setups having 6-10 Physical Therapists and 6.4% (n=7) setups having 11 or above Physical Therapists. 64.2% (n=70) setups having the average of 1-10 Patients, 19.3 %( n=21) setups having the average of 11-20 Patients and 16.5% (n=18) setups having the average of 21 or above Patients. 13.76% (n=5) were Public/private teaching hospitals, 83.49 %( n=91) were hospital/polyclinics and 2.752% (n=3) were university physiotherapy centers. Conclusion: This study showed most frequently available equipment in most setups were ice packs, mobilization belt, and Thera bands and least available equipment were spirometer, CP chair, standing frame, parallel bars or wall bars and goniometer. Most frequently available Electrotherapy modalities in most setups were heating pad, TENS, EMS, and massager and least available electrotherapy modalities were shockwave, paraffin wax bath and Microwave diathermy. Mostly there were 1- 5 physical therapists in a health care center, daily average of patients were in between 1-10 and type of health care center from where data is collected was hospital/polyclinics. Key words: Physical therapy, facilities, electrotherapy, exercise equipment, health care centers, physiotherapist– patient ratio.
Frequency of Hyponatremia and Hypokalemia in Children with Acute Diarrhea
Authors: Arif Muhammad , Saleem Afridi Asif , Ali Farman , Abrar Banuri Syed Ul , Salman Muhammad , Khan Marjeena
Published: November 2021

Objective: To determine the frequency of sodium and potassium abnormalities (hyponatremia and hypokalemia) in children presented with acute diarrhea. Study Design: Prospective Study Place and Duration: Study was conducted at Pediatric department of North West General Hospital, Peshawar during the period from July 2020 to June 2021 (for one Year). Methodology: One hundred and thirty patients of both genders having age upto 5 years presented with acute diarrhea were enrolled in this study. Clinical examination was done after taking written informed consent from patients parents/guardians. Blood sample was taken and sent to laboratory to examine sodium and potassium levels. Data was analyzed by SPSS 24.0. Results: There were 72 (55.38%) males while 58 (44.62%) patients were females with mean age 2.38±1.52 years. Mean disease duration was 3.54±1.33 days. Hyponatremia was found in 40 (30.77%) patients and hypokalemia was observed in 52 (40%) patients. Conclusion: Sodium and potassium abnormalities are very common in children with acute diarrhea and can lead to high rate of morbidity and mortality. We concluded that frequency of hyponatremia and hypokalemia were very high in children with acute diarrhea. Keywords: Acute Diarrhea, Hyponatremia, Hypokalemia, Children
Role of Arthoscopy in Knee Osteoarthritis Treatment
Authors: Hayat Makki Muhammad Khizer , Mehmood Shahid , Iqbal Buzdar Muhammad , Ajmal Aisha , Ahmad Qureshi Hafiz Muhammad , Ali Muhammad
Published: November 2021

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of arthoscopy in knee osteoarthritis treatment. Study Design: Prospective study Place and Duration: Conducted at Victoria hospital Bahawalpur/Civil (sadiq Abbasi) hospital Bahawalpur, during from June 2019 to June 2021. Methods: There were 70 patients of both genders suffering from knee osteoarthritis presented in this study. Patients were aged between 25-80 years of age. Detailed demographics of enrolled cases age, sex, body mass index and weight were calculated after taking informed written consent. Kellgren Lawrence scale was used for grading of osteoarthritis. MRI and plain X-ray was done among cases. Post-operatively Lysholm score was used to diagnosed outcomes. Patients were followed for 24 months. Complete data was analyzed by SPSS 24.0 version. Results: Majority of the patients were females 40 (57.1%) and 30 (42.9%) were males. Mean age of the patients was 51.41±7.44 years with mean BMI 32.18±9.31 kg/m2. Mean weight of the patients was 93.17±5.64 kg with mean height 169.9±5.68 cm. We found that 30 (42.9%) had left knee, 26 (37.1%) patients had right knee and 14 (20%) had bilateral. According to Kellgren Lawrence scale 40 (57.1%) patients had grade 2, 22 (31.4%) cases had grade 3 and 8 (11.4%) cases had grade 4 osteoarthritis. Most common symptom was pain among 69 (98.6%) cases followed by swelling 50 (71.4%). According to Lysholm score 36 (51.4%) cases showed good results with score after complete follow up 80.73±7.54. Overall maximum improvement of pain relief among grade 2 osteoarthritis was seen in 28 (70%) cases. Conclusion: We found in this study that arthoscopy for in knee osteaoarthritis resulted in symptomatic improvement among patients of low grade osteoarthritis where it gives pain alleviation. This arthroscopic therapy regimen can enhance function and activity levels in patients with moderate to severe osteoarthritis. Keywords: Arthoscopy, Knee osteoarthritis, Pain, Lysholm score, Kellgren Lawrence scale
Determination of Functional Outcomes of Displaced Olecranon Fracture Fixed with Intermedullary Partially Threaded Screw Augmented with Tension Band Wiring
Authors: Hayat Makki Muhammad Khizer , Qadir Khan Ghulam , Munaf Saud Abdul , Mehmood Shahid , Ahmed Zulfiqar , Ahmad Qureshi Hafiz Muhammad
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Orthopaedic injuries involving the olecranon are among the most often encountered in the emergency department. Objective: To determine the functional outcomes of displaced olecranon fracture fixed with intermedullary partially threaded screw augmented with tension band wiring Material and methods: This Descriptive/multicentric case series was conducted in Department of Orthopedics, Bahawal Victoria Hospital/Civil (Sadiq Abbasi) Hospital, Bahawalpur during June 2019 to June 2021. Patients who came through the emergency department and met the inclusion criteria were enrolled and given informed permission after clearance from the hospital's ethics committee. During general anesthesia or a biere’s block, all patients received tension band wire and intramedullary screw fixation. Results: Functional outcomes of displaced olecranon fracture fixed with intermedullary partially threaded screw augmented with tension band wiring was recorded as excellent in 57.39%(n=66), 32.17%(n=37) had good outcome, 10.44%(n=12) had fair outcome. Conclusion: We concluded that that functional outcomes of displaced olecranon fracture fixed with intermedullary partially threaded screw augmented with tension band wiring is good; however, validation is required through other local studies. Key words: Olecranon fracture, Intramedullary partially threaded screw, Tension band wiring, and Campbell’s posterolateral approach
The Comparison of Selected Physical and Physiological Parameters of Elite Basketball Players According to their Playing Positions
Authors: Erol Ali Emre , Karahançer Şeyda Çelik , Özden Sema , Koç Hürmüz
Published: November 2021

Background: This research was conducted to compare the physical and physiological parameters of elite basketball players according to their playing positions and to contribute to the literature. Methods: Eighteen elite basketball players who regularly train and compete in the national team participated in the research voluntarily. Participants were grouped as guard, forward and center according to the pitch positions. Vertical jump and sprint tests were used to evaluate the anaerobic performance of the participants. The Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test was applied to evaluate the aerobic performances. In addition, hemogram analyzes of the blood samples of the participants were made and hematocrit and hemoglobin parameters related to aerobic performance were examined. Kruskal Wallis-H and Mann Whitney U tests were used for statistical analyses. Results: The analyzes show that the guards had higher vertical jump, yo-yo and VO2max averages compared to the centers, and a significantly lower 30 m running average. It was determined that the forward players had higher anaerobic power than the guards, and yo-yo running and VO2max averages were significantly higher than the center players. Conclusion: In conclusion, it is thought that the difference between guard, forward and center players who voluntarily participated in the study is due to the physical characteristics of the basketball players and the different training programs applied to the players playing in different positions. Keywords: Basketball Player, Playing Position, Physical Characteristics, Physiological Characteristics
Factors Causing Derangement in Hematological Parameters among Malaria Patients: Descriptive Study
Authors: Haroon Amber , Zameer Huda , Naz Aneeqa , Javaid Asghar , Rija Arif Azra, , Zahid Ali Syed , Laique Talha
Published: November 2021

Malaria is a global health issue caused by Plasmodium Falciparum. Purpose: To determine the effect of age and duration of disease on the derangement in hematological parameters among patients with malaria. Study Design: Descriptive, cross-sectional. Methodology: The current project was conducted at department of Department of Hematology, Combined Military Hospital, Multan. Study comprised of 186 subjects suffering from malaria with hematological dearrangements. Blood taken for routine investigations like ICT malaria and CBC to diagnose anemia and low platelet count. Statistical analysis: The collected data was analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Post-stratification chi-square test was used with p-value<0.05 as significant. Results: Patients were with mean age of 41.80 ± 8.51 years. Mean duration of disease in our study was 4.91 ± 1.32 days. Out of 186 cases, total plasmodium vivax cases were 127 and the remaining 59 cases were of plasmodium falciparum. Among these 127 cases of plasmodium vivax 20 cases were having anemia and 101 cases had thrombocytopenia. Conclusion: We concluded that the frequency of derangement in hematological parameter in terms of low platelet count was high in comparison to anemia among enrolled subjects. Low platelet count was significantly linked with age groups. Key Words: Malaria, Age, Anemia, Platelet Count and Duration of Disease.