bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shifting in and out of context: Technoscientific drama as technology of the self
Authors: Möllers Norma
Published: April 2016

Scientific and technological demonstrations are usually used to create credibility for scientific claims or to demonstrate the utility of technical devices. However, they can also function as dramatic instances of boundary work. Drawing on an ethnographic study of the development of an automated video surveillance system, I show how a government-funded, transdisciplinary group of researchers used theatrical practices when communicating to the funding institution, to stage their work as applicable. Their ‘technoscientific drama’ did not primarily produce credibility for their surveillance system’s utility, but more powerfully established the researchers’ credibility as ‘scientist-entrepreneurs’.
Performance and Style of Play After Returning From Concussion in the National Hockey League
Authors: Kuhn Andrew W. , Zuckerman Scott L. , Totten Douglas , Solomon Gary S.
Published: April 2016

Background:

Few studies have empirically examined outcomes of concussion in the National Hockey League (NHL) and whether these athletes return to games after concussion at a performance level comparable to preconcussion play.

Hypothesis:

NHL players would not demonstrate changes in performance or style of play after returning from a concussion when compared with a group of control athletes.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

NHL players with a reported hockey-related concussion during the 2008-2009 through 2014-2015 seasons were identified utilizing secondary media sources. Players who missed games for non–injury related causes were selected as the control group. “Performance” was operationally defined as the statistics for goals, assists, points, plus-minus, and shots, and “style of play” was operationally defined as the statistics for penalty minutes, blocked shots, hits, giveaways, and time on ice. Each gameplay statistic was recorded and totaled for the 5 games before and after each player′s injury or absence. After meeting strict inclusion criteria, the 2 groups were compared across each postconcussion/absence statistic by generalized linear models while incorporating the particular preconcussion/absence statistic, position played, games missed, and concussion history as covariates to control for intraplayer and between-group differences.

Results:

A total of 287 players sustained a concussion; 130 missed time for non–injury related reasons and were identified as controls. After the exclusion criteria were applied, 94 concussed players were compared with 58 controls. None of the models reached statistical significance, indicating that the concussion and control groups did not differ across performance or style of play after returning from a concussion or non–injury related absence.

Conclusions:

When compared with a control group, players who returned to consistent play after concussion did not demonstrate changes in performance or style of play.
Posterior Tibial Slope Angle Correlates With Peak Sagittal and Frontal Plane Knee Joint Loading During Robotic Simulations of Athletic Tasks
Authors: Bates Nathaniel A. , Nesbitt Rebecca J. , Shearn Jason T. , Myer Gregory D. , Hewett Timothy E.
Published: April 2016

Background:

Tibial slope angle is a nonmodifiable risk factor for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. However, the mechanical role of varying tibial slopes during athletic tasks has yet to be clinically quantified.

Purpose:

To examine the influence of posterior tibial slope on knee joint loading during controlled, in vitro simulation of the knee joint articulations during athletic tasks.

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

A 6 degree of freedom robotic manipulator positionally maneuvered cadaveric knee joints from 12 unique specimens with varying tibial slopes (range, −7.7° to 7.7°) through drop vertical jump and sidestep cutting tasks that were derived from 3-dimensional in vivo motion recordings. Internal knee joint torques and forces were recorded throughout simulation and were linearly correlated with tibial slope.

Results:

The mean (±SD) posterior tibial slope angle was 2.2° ± 4.3° in the lateral compartment and 2.3° ± 3.3° in the medial compartment. For simulated drop vertical jumps, lateral compartment tibial slope angle expressed moderate, direct correlations with peak internally generated knee adduction ( r = 0.60-0.65), flexion ( r = 0.64-0.66), lateral ( r = 0.57-0.69), and external rotation torques ( r = 0.47-0.72) as well as inverse correlations with peak abduction ( r = −0.42 to −0.61) and internal rotation torques ( r = −0.39 to −0.79). Only frontal plane torques were correlated during sidestep cutting simulations. For simulated drop vertical jumps, medial compartment tibial slope angle expressed moderate, direct correlations with peak internally generated knee flexion torque ( r = 0.64-0.69) and lateral knee force ( r = 0.55-0.74) as well as inverse correlations with peak external torque ( r = −0.34 to −0.67) and medial knee force ( r = −0.58 to −0.59). These moderate correlations were also present during simulated sidestep cutting.

Conclusion:

The investigation supported the theory that increased posterior tibial slope would lead to greater magnitude knee joint moments, specifically, internally generated knee adduction and flexion torques.

Clinical Relevance:

The knee torques that positively correlated with increased tibial slope angle in this investigation are associated with heightened risk of ACL injury. Therefore, the present data indicated that a higher posterior tibial slope is correlated to increased knee loads that are associated with heightened risk of ACL injury.
Effect of aeration rate, moisture content and composting period on availability of copper and lead during pig manure composting
Authors: Shen Yujun , Zhao Lixin , Meng Haibo , Hou Yueqing , Zhou Haibin , Wang Fei , Cheng Hongsheng , Liu Hongbin
Published: April 2016

Pollution by heavy metals, such as copper and lead, has become a limiting factor for the land application of faecal manures, such as pig manure. This study was conducted to investigate the influence of composting process parameters, including aeration rate, moisture content and composting period, on the distribution of heavy metal species during composting, and to select an optimal parameter for copper and lead inactivation. Results showed that the distribution ratios of exchangeable fractions of copper and lead had a bigger decrease under conditions of aeration rate, 0.1 m3 min−1 m−3, an initial moisture content of 65% and composting period of 50 days. Suboptimal composting process conditions could lead to increased availability of heavy metals. Statistical analysis indicated that the aeration rate was the main factor affecting copper and lead inactivation, while the effects of moisture content and composting period were not significant. The rates of reduction of copper-exchangeable fractions and lead-exchangeable fractions were positively correlated with increased pH. The optimal parameters for reducing heavy metal bioavailability during pig manure composting were aeration rate, 0.1 m3 min−1 m−3, initial moisture content, 65%, and composting period, 20 days.
Problems With Optimal Energy and Protein Delivery in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Moreno Yara M. F. , Hauschild Daniela B. , Barbosa Eliana , Bresolin Nilzete L. , Mehta Nilesh M.
Published: April 2016

Background: Optimal nutrition therapy (NT) delivery is associated with improved outcomes in critically ill children. However, avoidable barriers impede delivery of optimal energy and protein in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). This study aims to describe the gap between energy and protein prescription and actual intake. Methods: Single‐center prospective cohort study, including consecutive children (age: 1 month to 15 years) admitted to the PICU in southern Brazil. Demographics, clinical characteristics, and NT details were recorded. Results: We enrolled 130 patients: 37% female; median (interquartile range) age, 29.43 months (4.03, 100.63); PICU length of stay, 6 days (4, 13). Median predicted energy expenditure by Schofield equation and prescribed and actual energy intake were 47.13 kcal/kg/d (38.60, 55.38), 31.94 kcal/kg/d (13.99, 51.90), and 25.06 kcal/kg/d (10.21, 46.92), respectively. On average, actual energy intake was 47% of the predicted energy expenditure, and 68% of patients were underfed. Actual protein intake was 49% of the estimated requirement. NT was interrupted in 64% of patients. Conclusions: There were significant gaps among the predicted requirement, prescription, and actual delivery of energy and protein in the PICU. Suboptimal prescription and multiple feeding interruptions resulted in underfeeding.
Role of Digoxin in Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Scalese Michael J. , Salvatore Dominick J.
Published: April 2016

Since its isolation in the 1930s, digoxin has played a pivotal role in the treatment of cardiac conditions including heart failure and supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. The parasympathomimetic activity makes digoxin a reasonable option for controlling ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the unique pharmacokinetic properties, electrolyte-dependent effects, and P-glycoprotein drug interactions influence the clinical use of digoxin. In addition, the delayed onset and narrow therapeutic index can make digoxin utilization cumbersome and often necessitates serum drug monitoring. Despite digoxin’s extensive history, recent literature has cast doubt on the efficacy and safety of this medication in the population with AF. Large amounts of data suggest digoxin offers no benefit on mortality and may increase the risk of mortality though this was not consistent in all evaluations. While robust, the majority of the available studies are not randomized which limits the ability to draw firm conclusions. The potential risk of mortality must be weighed against the expected benefits of digoxin use to make individualized patient care decisions. Clinicians should refrain from utilizing digoxin monotherapy for rate control in AF when other options are viable.
Subjectivity and its crisis
Authors: Engster Frank
Published: April 2016

Neither Critical Theory nor western Marxism ever understood crises as being solely concerned with the economy. Both saw them rather as necessarily involving consciousness and subjectivity as well. How does Critical Theory conceptualize economy and subjectivity as inseparable? This is the crucial question. Critical Theory claims, indeed, that it shows the inner connection between the economy and subjectivity. In its first generation, at any rate (Jay, 1996), Critical Theory meant to show that the economy is a constitutive part of subjectivity, while also being its blind spot; or even that the economy is its blind spot because it is essentially constructive of subjectivity. The article will specify the connection between the economy and subjectivity and then will indicate the blind spot. While Critical Theory does not fully pinpoint the blind spot in this connection, by tracing the discussion that followed its first generation we may better find out what this blind spot might be.
Negative dialectics and the critique of economic objectivity
Authors: Bonefeld Werner
Published: April 2016

This article explores Adorno’s negative dialectics as a critical social theory of economic objectivity. It rejects the conventional view that Adorno does not offer a critique of the economic forms of capitalist society. The article holds that negative dialectics is a dialectics of the social world in the form of the economic object, one that is governed by the movement of economic quantities, that is, real economic abstractions. Negative dialectics refuses to accept the constituted economic categories as categories of economic nature. Instead, the article argues, it amounts to a conceptualized social praxis [ begriffene Praxis] of the capitalistically constituted social relations, which manifest themselves in the form of seemingly independent economic categories. Economic nature is a socially constituted nature, which entails the class antagonism in its concept. The article concludes that for negative dialectics the explanation of real economic abstractions lies in the understanding of the class-divided nature of human practice.
Historical-sociology vs. ontology
Authors: Olson Karsten
Published: April 2016

The pre-1932 writings of Otto Kirchheimer are often described by researchers as the work of a young ‘left-Schmittian’, a radical Marxist who gave the anti-liberal critique and theoretical apparatus of his Doktorvater Carl Schmitt a new purpose for different ‘political ends’. The danger of this approach is that fundamental divisions between the societal conceptualizations of both theoreticians are ignored in lieu of apparent terminological similarity. Through the lens of economy, it is therefore the intent of this article to continue in the tradition of Alfons Söllner and Frank Schale, pushing against this assumed affinity and highlighting Otto Kirchheimer’s unique defense of liberal democracy.
Experimental investigation of roll characteristics of a cruciform-finned slender body
Authors: Geng Xi , Shi Zhiwei , Cheng Keming
Published: April 2016

Next-generation aircraft and missile are required to have extreme maneuverability, which should maintain stability at high angle of attack. However, the unsteady flow field surrounding the air vehicle would affect the aerodynamics loads and induce unwanted nonlinear motions, of which the rolling motions are usually generated. In order to investigate the unsteady rolling characteristics of a cruciform-finned slender body, the free-to-roll and force measurement tests including particle image velocimetry measurement have been conducted comprehensively. Different types of rolling motion, trimming at equilibrium positions, self-excited rolling oscillation, and self-excited spinning are observed during the free-to-roll experiment depending on the different angles of attack. The force measurement results show that the rolling motions are related to both the static and dynamic stabilities of the rolling moment at balance points. The stabilities of the rolling moment would change as the angle of attack for the model increases. At last, the flow field results from particle image velocimetry measurement indicate that the unsteady rolling motions may be induced by the interaction between the asymmetry vortices and strake wings, fins.
Robust adaptive relative motion control for spacecraft proximity operations
Authors: Sun Liang , Zheng Zewei
Published: April 2016

This paper studies the controller design for a spacecraft approaching a tumbling space target in the presence of model uncertainties and dynamic couplings between relative rotation and relative translation. An alternative relative attitude function is selected to measure the magnitude of the relative attitude motion carefully, and robust adaptive controllers are designed for relative attitude and relative position to guarantee a desirable stabilization performance uniformly for the relative motion. The strict Lyapunov analysis is presented to prove the uniformly ultimately boundedness of relative motion errors. The relative attitude controller is directly developed on the special orthogonal group SO(3) to avoid complexities and ambiguities associated with coordinate-dependent attitude representations. Performance of the controlled overall system is demonstrated via a representative numerical example.
The humanized Earth system (HES)
Authors: Rull Valentí
Published: April 2016

A number of informal terms (e.g. Anthropocene, Anthropozoic, Psychozoic, Noozoic, and Technogene) have been used to designate the rock unit and time interval where the impact of collective human action on the Earth system is clearly recognizable (called here the Humanized Earth System (HES)). Presently, Anthropocene is the most commonly used, and the International Commission on Stratigraphy is considering its acceptance as a formal stratigraphic unit. Despite their informal character, all of these terms contain suffixes (i.e. -cene, -zoic, or -gene) that define formal chronostratigraphic/geochronologic (C/G) units (e.g. series/epoch, erathem/era, and system/period), which is misleading. In addition, the use of these terms involves unsupported evolutionary assumptions and may lead to conflicting stratigraphic settings. Therefore, it is recommended that these terms are avoided until there is sufficient scientific support to unequivocally define its C/G rank, which is not expected to occur in the near future.
Ancient DNA identification of domestic animals used for leather objects in Central Asia during the Bronze Age
Authors: Schröder Oskar , Wagner Mayke , Wutke Saskia , Zhang Yong , Ma Yingxia , Xu Dongliang , Goslar Tomasz , Neef Reinder , Tarasov Pavel E , Ludwig Arne
Published: April 2016

The arid climate of many regions within Central Asia often leads to excellent archaeological preservation, especially in sealed funerary contexts, allowing for ancient DNA analyses. While geneticists have looked at human remains, clothes, tools, and other burial objects are often neglected. In this paper, we present the results of an ancient DNA study on Bronze Age leather objects excavated from tombs of the Wupu cemetery in the Hami Oasis and Yanghai cemetery in the Turpan Oasis, both in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of northwestern China. In addition to species identification of goat ( Capra aegagrus/hircus), sheep ( Ovis orientalis/aries), and cattle ( Bos primigenius/taurus), mitochondrial haplogroups were determined for several samples. Our results show that Bronze Age domesticated goats and sheep from the Hami and Turpan oases possessed identical or closely related haplotypes to modern domestic animals of this area. The absence of leather produced from wild animals emphasizes the importance of animal husbandry in the cultures of Wupu and Yanghai.
The role of pre-invasive disease in overdiagnosis: A microsimulation study comparing mass screening for breast cancer and cervical cancer
Authors: van Luijt Paula A , Rozemeijer Kirsten , Naber Steffie K , Heijnsdijk Eveline AM , van Rosmalen Joost , van Ballegooijen Marjolein , de Koning Harry J
Published: April 2016

Objective

Although early detection of cancer through screening can prevent cancer deaths, a drawback of screening is overdiagnosis. Overdiagnosis has been much debated in breast cancer screening, but less so in cervical cancer screening. We examined the impact of overdiagnosis by comparing two screening programmes in the Netherlands.

Methods

We estimated overdiagnosis rates by microsimulation for breast cancer screening and cervical cancer screening, using a cohort of women born in 1982 with lifelong follow-up. Overdiagnosis estimates were made analogous to two definitions formed by the UK 2012 breast screening review. Pre-invasive disease was included in both definitions.

Results

Screening prevented 921 cervical cancers (−55%) and 378 cervical cancer deaths (−59%), and 169 (−1.3%) breast cancer cases and 970 breast cancer deaths (−21%). The cervical cancer overdiagnosis rate was 74.8% (including pre-invasive disease). Breast cancer overdiagnosis was estimated at 2.5% (including pre-invasive disease). For women of all ages in breast cancer screening, an excess of 207 diagnoses/100,000 women was found, compared with an excess of 3999 diagnoses/100,000 women in cervical cancer screening.

Conclusions

For breast cancer, the frequency of overdiagnosis in screening is relatively low, but consequences are evident. For cervical cancer, the frequency of overdiagnosis in screening is high, because of detection of pre-invasive disease, but the consequences per case are relatively small due to less invasive treatment. This illustrates that it is necessary to present overdiagnosis in relation to disease stage and consequences.
Registry-based assessment of the status of cervical screening in Sweden
Authors: Elfström K Miriam , Sparén Pär , Olausson Peter , Almstedt Pouran , Strander Björn , Dillner Joakim
Published: April 2016

Objectives

Comprehensive nationwide monitoring and evaluation of screening through registry-based review of key indicators is necessary for programme optimization, especially as new tests and strategies are introduced. We aimed to investigate and report on the use of these key indicators in the Swedish programme.

Setting and methods

Organized population-based cervical screening targeting women aged 23–50 and 51–60 every three and five years, respectively, is regionally implemented in Sweden. All cytological and histopathological test results and invitations are exported to the National Cervical Screening Registry. We describe the methods to obtain registry-based quality indicators by age, region, and calendar period.

Results

In 2013, there were 633,592 cervical smears in Sweden, of which 69% were organized smears resulting from an invitation. Screening test coverage for women aged 23–60 was 80% and similar for the previous decade, but varied greatly between and within counties over-time. Among women aged 23–25, test coverage increased dramatically during the previous six years, reaching 87% in 2013. The proportion of women with cytological high-grade cervical lesions found in cytology that had been followed-up with biopsy within one year was 97%. Major variations in cervical cancer incidence between counties were observed.

Conclusions

Registry-based analyses of key quality indicators provided the basis for prioritizing improvements of the organized cervical screening programme.
Some Determinants of Changes in the Real Income of Microfinance Programme Participating Households in Kerala
Authors: Babu M. Muneer
Published: April 2016

This article examines whether the family households participating in the microfinance programme experience positive changes in their real income. This article uses the individual data of 300 microfinance participating households, the data of 45 credit delivery groups in three sample branches of a microfinance institution (Evangelical Social Action Forum-Microfinance and Investments Pvt Ltd [ESAF-MFIL]/Evangelical Social Action Forum-Self-help Group [ESAF-SHG] federation) in Kerala, India. The analysis has been conducted by using logistic regression model. This study finds that either (a) an increase in the number of working members in a family household, or (b) presence of Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) employed members in a family household or (c) an increase in the expenditure on assets by members of a family household is likely to increase the real income of the family household. However, the presence of educated members in a family household is less likely to increase the real income of the family household.

Our study suggests that the employability of the educated members is crucial for achieving positive changes in the real income of a family household. This study finds no evidence for the impact of total loan amount of family households on changes in their real income, since most loans are drawn for non-income generation purposes, pointing out that the loan amount should be spent on economically valuable assets, as it raises the real income of family households participating in the microfinance programme.
Underrecognition of Malnutrition in Advanced Cancer: The Role of the Dietitian and Clinical Practice Variations
Authors: Aktas Aynur , Walsh Declan , Galang Marianne , O’Donoghue Niamh , Rybicki Lisa , Hullihen Barbara , Schleckman Ellen
Published: April 2016

Introduction:

Malnutrition (MN) often goes unrecognized due to ineffective screening techniques. Published standards for multidisciplinary care exist but no consensus on best nutritional assessment for hospitalized patients. Malnutrition is common in cancer and adversely affects clinical outcomes. The Cleveland Clinic Nutrition Therapy Department used in-house criteria to classify MN in hospitalized patients. This study aimed to evaluate the registered dietitian (RD)’s role, the use of these criteria in the acute care palliative medicine unit (ACPMU), and investigate MN prevalence and severity among admitted patients with cancer.

Methods:

Electronic medical records were reviewed for newly admitted patients with cancer to the ACPMU with a first time RD consult and completed nutritional therapy assessment. Physician (MD) assessments were derived from admission notes. Cox regression model assessed the association of MN prevalence and severity with survival. McNemar’s test determined whether a prevalence difference existed between RD and MD.

Results:

Variations existed in criteria used to identify MN. Seventy percent had MN, with the majority (61%) classed as moderate to severe. Prevalence (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.88; P = .002) and severity (HR: 1.22; P = .006) were associated with significantly increased mortality. Evaluations by RD and MD were highly congruent, but MDs underrecorded nutritional status.

Conclusion:

Malnutrition was prevalent and clinically important, even in those on nutritional support. Variations in MN identification were common. Physicians underrecorded MN but were accurate for prevalence and severity when recorded. The data confirm the RD’s important role in MN assessment. Comparable clinical practice and better communication between physicians and dietitians should improve cancer care and optimize quality of life.
Solid Variant of Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
Authors: Ben Salha Imen , Bhide Shree , Mourtzoukou Despoina , Fisher Cyril , Thway Khin
Published: April 2016

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a malignant neoplasm that mainly affects the salivary glands but has been described in many other anatomical sites. It is composed of basaloid cells with myoepithelial/basal cell differentiation and ductal epithelial cells that proliferate in a fibrous stroma, with variable amounts of myxohyaline material. Three patterns (cribriform, tubular, and solid) occur, and the solid variant is characterized by a predominant compact sheet-like and nested pattern of rounded basaloid cells lacking obvious cribriform or tubular architecture. The solid variant has significant morphological and immunohistochemical overlap with a large range of neoplasms of different lineages, including other carcinomas and sarcomas. We describe a case of solid variant ACC of the paranasal sinuses, which showed an almost entirely solid pattern of growth (in >95% of cells) and which on initial biopsy showed no features of classical ACC. This highlights the potential for diagnostic misinterpretation with a variety of other neoplasms, which is particularly important because of the significant difference in treatment for ACC and tumors in its differential diagnosis.
Opportunities and Risks of the “New Urban Governance” in India
Authors: van der Heijden Jeroen
Published: April 2016

The “new urban governance” has made rapid inroads as an approach to govern the transition to more environmentally sustainable buildings and cities. It allows for a broad repertoire of actors and instruments in the governing of this transition and is expected to overcome some of the pervasive problems of mandatory regulation and legislation for urban development and transformation. This article studies six new urban governance practices in India based on a series of interviews with relevant actors. It seeks to better understand the opportunities and risks of this approach to urban governance for governing India’s rapid urbanization. It finds that the new urban governance holds some promise but is also critical of it. Particularly, the lack of mandatory urban regulation and legislation, the lack of institutional capital, and a culture of corruption in India undermine the promise that the new urban governance holds in this context.
“Spanish Is a Loving Tongue . . . ”
Authors: Lincoln Yvonna S. , González y González Elsa M. , Aroztegui Massera Carmen
Published: April 2016

This study explored issues, paradoxes, concerns, and practices regarding issues of interpretation and translation in qualitative research, which concern scholars in cross-cultural/cross-language studies. This study focused on two stages of research work. In the first, a bilingual dissertation was rewritten as a play and installation, and performed in three different venues, with the purpose of introducing audiences to the political crises in South America surrounding desaparecidos, the thousands of citizens who disappeared into the prisons of dictators. The second round of research was carried out through interviews with Spanish and Chinese doctoral students who conducted research and presented it bilingually. The conclusions can be applied to any cross-language study, but especially dissertation studies conducted by PhD students, and such bilingual studies, which address social problems in the international students’ home countries, have broad implications for enhancing and strengthening social justice beyond the boundaries of the United States.
Hybridization and Urban Governance: Malleability, Modality, or Mind-Set?
Authors: Gross Jill Simone
Published: April 2016

Editor’s Note: A two-part podcast featuring a discussion by the authors of the Mini-symposium on Urban Governance can be found at http://journals.sagepub.com/page/uar/podcasts

Studies of urban governance have, in recent years, begun to focus increasing attention on the nature of complexity within governance processes, and the challenges that urban governance constructs face when operating in multifaceted policy and political environments. This article explores the question of “hybridization” in urban governance. To do so, we address three questions: Is governance theory malleable enough to incorporate a hybrid focus? Are we witnessing the emergence of new hybrid governance modalities? Or, is it simply time to adopt a new mind-set to focus attention directly on the hybridization processes? This article explores the theory and practice of urban governance and hybridization in North America and Western Europe.
Leveraging Health Information Technology for Fall-Risk Management in Home Care
Authors: Alhuwail Dari , Koru Güneş
Published: April 2016

Falls have a detrimental impact on home care outcomes. This study investigated home care clinicians’ perspectives on (1) how the currently adopted health information technology (IT) solutions supported fall-risk management activities, (2) various shortcomings of these solutions, and (3) ways to improve upon them. Within a case study design, qualitative data were collected through interviews and focus groups at one suburban home health agency in the United States. The clinicians mainly used the electronic health record but experienced substantial difficulties with documenting and accessing fall-related information. Improvement opportunities include providing better workflow support and usability, implementing medication alerts, facilitating fall-related information exchange, and leveraging the IT capabilities at patients’ homes. Additional IT solutions can improve the awareness, assessment, and intervention dimensions of fall-risk management.
Circulating Cell-Free DNA Differentiates Severity of Inflammation
Authors: Frank Mayu O.
Published: April 2016

Introduction:

As the U.S. population ages, the incidence of chronic disease will rise. Chronic diseases have been linked to chronic inflammation. The purpose of this review is to summarize the literature on cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in relation to inflammation.

Methods:

PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched. Inclusion criteria were noninterventional studies on acute and chronic inflammation, autoimmunity, and infection published in English after 2000, conducted in humans using the fluorescence method of quantifying DNA. Of the 442 articles retrieved, 83 were identified for full-text review and 13 remained after application of inclusion criteria.

Results:

Of the reviewed studies, three involved acute inflammation, six involved chronic inflammation, and four involved infection. Healthy controls with interpretable results were included in six studies, three of which used the Quant-iT high-sensitivity DNA kit and found cfDNA quantities near 800 ng/ml, while the other three used other fluorescence methods and found quantities below 100 ng/ml. All 13 studies compared groups, and all but 1 found statistically significant differences between them. Among studies using the Quant-iT reagent, levels were higher in infection than in chronic inflammation. Among studies that used other reagents, levels increased from chronic to acute inflammation to severe infection. CfDNA levels were associated with mortality and with clinical outcomes in acute inflammation and infection. Most studies assessed cfDNA’s correlation with other inflammation biomarkers and found inconclusive results.

Conclusion:

There appears to be an association between inflammation and cfDNA. Further research is necessary before cfDNA can be used clinically as a measure of inflammation.
Flagellate Pattern of Toxic Erythema of Chemotherapy Due to Doxorubicin
Authors: Vadeboncoeur Sophie , Côté Benoît
Published: April 2016

Background:

Doxorubicin is an antineoplastic agent frequently used in diverse cancer regimens. Cutaneous adverse effects have frequently been reported with its use. However, a flagellate-like dermatitis is not mentioned in the literature.

Objective:

The investigators report a case of toxic erythema of chemotherapy with a flagellate pattern induced by doxorubicin.

Methods and Results:

A 75-year-old woman with endometrial cancer received doxorubicin as part of her treatment. After her third cycle, she presented a pruritic vesiculobullous eruption, with linear elements that left hyperpigmented streaks on follow-up. A biopsy was compatible with a drug eruption.

Conclusion:

Doxorubicin is a well-known cause of toxic erythema of chemotherapy. As seen in this patient, the investigators suggest that it also be added to the list of causes of flagellate dermatosis.
East Asian audio-visual collaboration and the global expansion of Chinese media
Authors: Yecies Brian , Keane Michael , Flew Terry
Published: April 2016

This article investigates the significant re-orientation of audio-visual production in East Asia over the last few years brought about by the rise of China, beginning with the proposition that unprecedented change is occurring in East Asian media production. While the ‘Sinophone world’ has been the locus of critical analysis in the past, all eyes are now focused on China. Flows of knowledge, expertise and content are becoming significant in this mediascape, yet this dimension has been overlooked by most scholarship in the field. Conceptual and theoretical frameworks based on cross-border consumption of East Asian content require urgent revision. This article shows how media collaborations are changing global media practice and East Asian media flows through a variety of contemporary international collaborations, as well as relevant policy frameworks that impact, positively or negatively, productions by international partners working in film, television and online and mobile video content.
Matters of visuality in legitimation practices: Dual iconographies in a meeting room
Authors: de Vaujany François-Xavier , Vaast Emmanuelle
Published: April 2016

Legitimacy and legitimation practices are key constructs in the neo-institutional literature. So far, much scholarship has drawn on ideational and discursive approaches of legitimation. Yet, the organizational world has become increasingly iconographical, and visuals seem to have been at the core of contemporary legitimacy claims. This research investigates the visual artifacts and practices embedded in the elaboration of legitimacy claims. Through an iconographic lens applied to practices unfolding in a meeting room, this research emphasizes the image-screen and image-object iconographies involved in the elaboration of legitimation claims. Visual practices elicit symbolic spaces that organizational actors may then mobilize as worlds of justification and legitimization.
Update in the management of type B aortic dissection
Authors: Nauta Foeke JH , Trimarchi Santi , Kamman Arnoud V , Moll Frans L , van Herwaarden Joost A , Patel Himanshu J , Figueroa C Alberto , Eagle Kim A , Froehlich James B
Published: April 2016

Stanford type B aortic dissection (TBAD) is a life-threatening aortic disease. The initial management goal is to prevent aortic rupture, propagation of the dissection, and symptoms by reducing the heart rate and blood pressure. Uncomplicated TBAD patients require prompt medical management to prevent aortic dilatation or rupture during subsequent follow-up. Complicated TBAD patients require immediate invasive management to prevent death or injury caused by rupture or malperfusion. Recent developments in diagnosis and management have reduced mortality related to TBAD considerably. In particular, the introduction of thoracic stent-grafts has shifted the management from surgical to endovascular repair, contributing to a fourfold increase in early survival in complicated TBAD. Furthermore, endovascular repair is now considered in some uncomplicated TBAD patients in addition to optimal medical therapy. For more challenging aortic dissection patients with involvement of the aortic arch, hybrid approaches, combining open and endovascular repair, have had promising results. Regardless of the chosen management strategy, strict antihypertensive control should be administered to all TBAD patients in addition to close imaging surveillance. Future developments in stent-graft design, medical therapy, surgical and hybrid techniques, imaging, and genetic screening may improve the outcomes of TBAD patients even further. We present a comprehensive review of the recommended management strategy based on current evidence in the literature.
Thermal stress analysis of in-plane two-directional functionally graded plates subjected to in-plane edge heat fluxes
Authors: Apalak MK , Demirbas MD
Published: April 2016

This study investigates the thermal stress and deformation states of bi-directional functionally graded clamped plates subjected to constant in-plane heat fluxes along two ceramic edges. The material properties of the functionally graded plates were assumed to vary with a power law along two in-plane directions not through the plate thickness direction. The spatial derivatives of thermal and mechanical properties of the material composition were considered, and the effects of the bi-directional composition variations and spatial derivative terms on the displacement, strain and stress distributions were also investigated. The heat conduction and Navier equations describing the two-dimensional thermo-elastic problem were discretized using finite-difference method, and the set of linear equations were solved using the pseudo singular value method. The compositional gradient exponents and the spatial derivatives of thermal and mechanical properties of the material composition were observed to play an important role especially on the heat transfer durations, the displacement and strain distributions, but had a minor effect on the temperature and stress distributions.
Tourism research in the new millennium: A bibliometric review of literature in Tourism and Hospitality Research
Authors: Strandberg Carola , Nath Atanu , Hemmatdar Hamed , Jahwash Muneer
Published: April 2016

This article presents a bibliometric review analyzing 15 years of research published between 2000 and 2014 in the journal Tourism and Hospitality Research. Raw citations metrics were gathered using “Publish or Perish,” a data-miner software from Harzing, using Google Scholar as a base. The analysis focuses on six key metrics of the journal’s publications: (a) the nature of authorship, (b) the most influential articles, (c) the most influential authors, (d) the most prolific authors, (e) the themes covered, and (f) the manuscript characteristics of the articles published during the period. Notes for contributors, book reviews, conference reports/proceedings, practice papers, and editorials were excluded from the scope of this research, and 292 research articles appearing in the journal during this time were included in the investigation. Data were analyzed using SPSS and Excel. The article provides an overview of the evolution of the journal and presents some key trends in ongoing research within the industry. The study finds a clear trend toward coauthorship with a substantial increase in triple-authored articles. The majority of the articles have gone from being single authored in 2000–2004 to being dual authored in 2010–2014. Articles on marketing and consumer behavior, HR management, and environmental aspects have experienced a steady increase while strategic implications, hospitality and tourism operations, impact assessment and mitigation, and education have received a decreased attention. There has been a significant drop in theory development articles, in favor of quantitative research designs, in particular survey studies. Qualitative research designs rest relatively constant; however, case studies and interviews have lost ground to content analysis manuscripts. Contributions further include insights that can aid editors in determining future directions of the journal, guidance for potential authors in their quest to get published, and identification of new opportunities in research areas for the journal and researchers alike.
Examining charisma in relation to students’ interest in learning
Authors: Lin Shu-Hui , Huang Yun-Chen
Published: April 2016

Teachers, especially their teaching behaviours, play an important role in students’ learning and students with a high interest in learning show deeper understanding in the classroom. This study intends to explore how far the teacher’s charisma – knowledge, character traits, teaching techniques and humour – contribute to students’ interest in learning. This study found that students who perceived that their teacher had a high(er) level of charisma also perceived they had more interest in the course than students who perceived that their teacher had a low(er) level of charisma. Furthermore, students perceived that a teacher’s charisma contributed significantly to the predictor equation for their perceived interest in learning.
Simplified field measurement methods for the CIE mesopic photometry system
Authors: Uchida T , Ohno Y
Published: April 2016

For implementation of the mesopic photometry system in CIE 191:2010 to outdoor lighting, two simplified methods to measure the mesopic luminance are proposed. One of the methods, named the Adaptation Spectral Power Distribution) method, assumes that the spectral power distributions (SPDs) of reflected light at test points on the road surface are the same as that of the adaptation field. Another method, named the Source SPD method, assumes that the reflected light SPDs are equal to the SPD of the light source. Error simulations with a real road surface spectral reflectance dataset show that the error distributes over an 8% range due to the variation of the road surface spectral reflectance in the worst case. Although the bias due to the road surface spectral reflectances causes a large error with the Source SPD method, a proposed correction can reduce the error sufficiently. Error simulations also show that the Source SPD method is not so sensitive for lighting scenes that include multiple light source types. It has been shown that the SPD methods can measure the mesopic quantities without scotopic/photopic luminance meters having both V( λ) and V′( λ) detectors when both the adaptation field and test points consist of road surfaces.
“I Am Because We Are”
Authors: Ngunjiri Faith Wambura
Published: April 2016

The Problem

Although there are women leading in various sectors within African societies and institutions, very little research has been done to explore and explain their experiences within their cultural, economic, social, historical, and political context. To have a deeper understanding of women’s leadership globally, there must be studies of women’s leadership within specific local contexts.

The Solution

This article explicates women’s leadership under the ubuntu worldview, with implications for application in contemporary organizations beyond the African context. Ubuntu reflects the African understanding of the essence of humanity. Guided by Black feminist theorizing, the study employed portraiture qualitative approach; in-depth interviews with women leaders provided illustrative quotes about spirituality, interdependence, unity, and community building.

The Stakeholders

The article is aimed at both leadership scholars and leadership training practitioners with a focus on the African context.
A model of heat transfer in firefighting protective clothing during compression after radiant heat exposure
Authors: Su Yun , He Jiazhen , Li Jun
Published: April 2016

This paper presents an experiment-based, multi-medium heat transfer model to study thermal responses of multi-layer protective clothing with an air gap exposed to thermal radiation and hot contact surface. The model considers the dynamical changes of air gap, each layer’s fabric thickness, and air content contained in the fabric due to the pressure applied. The fabric heat transfer model developed from this study was incorporated into a human skin burn model in order to predict skin burn injuries. The predicted results from the model were well in agreement with the experimental results. A parametric study was conducted using various contact temperatures and applied pressures and design variables of firefighting protective clothing, such as physical properties of fabric layers and air gap sizes. It was concluded from the parametric study that resistance to transmission of injurious levels of heat decreases as the test temperature and contact pressure increase, and the contact heat transfer can weaken the importance of air gap under radiant heat flux(8.5 kW/m2) for 60 s and compression (pressure: 3 kPa, temperature: 316℃) for 60 s. The findings obtained in this study can be used to engineer fabric systems that provide better protection for contact heat exposure.
EEG Findings May Serve as a Potential Biomarker for Anti–NMDA Receptor Encephalitis
Authors: Foff Erin Pennock , Taplinger David , Suski Joanna , Lopes M. Beatriz S. , Quigg Mark
Published: April 2016

Objective. To determine if an electroencephalographic (EEG) characteristic, beta:delta power ratio (BDPR), is significantly higher for N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis (NMDARE) patients than for non-NMDARE patients on presenting EEG. Identification of an additional EEG biomarker with significant specificity for NMDARE (in the absence of frank delta brush) could potentially allow for early identification of at-risk patients. Methods. Single center retrospective comparison of NMDARE and non-NMDARE consecutive cases of encephalitis, collated over a 6-year period (from 2008 to 2014). Results. None of the 10 NMDARE patients displayed the extreme delta brush pattern on EEG previously described, but the ratio of BDPR was significantly higher for NMDARE patients ( P < .005). There was no significant relationship between BDPR and the time of recording from symptom onset. Additional analysis of clinical characteristics also indicated that the patients with NMDARE (median age 19.5 years) were younger than the 5 patients with non-NMDARE (median age 36 years). Encephalopathy, seizure, and psychiatric complaints were the most common diagnoses at time of first health care presentation and did not favor a single etiology, though the latter was present only in the NMDARE population (50% at T0). Prodromal illness featuring headache was more common in the non-NMDARE population. Outcomes, as measured by the Modified Rankin Scale, were globally better in the NMDARE group. Conclusions. Patients with NMDARE had a significantly higher BDPR on EEG when compared with non-NMDARE patients even in the absence of extreme delta brush. This suggests that early EEG characteristics may be helpful in distinguishing NMDARE from non-NMDARE.