bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALITYKA ANTYBIOTYKÓW β-LAKTAMOWYCH W UKŁADZIE IN SILICO, IN VITRO ORAZ IN VIVO
Authors: Janiszewska Daria , Szultka-Młyńska Małgorzata , Buszewski Bogusław
Published: January 2025

Drug analysis necessitates introducing selective methods of detection and enriching the substances present in biomaterial at low concentration levels (trace analysis). Moreover, there is a continuous demand for increase in the quality of drugs that are being developed, which in turn enforces the development of analytical techniques of increasing sensitivity and accuracy with the application of combined separation techniques. Thus the premise of this review is to compare the in vitro metabolic pathways of antibiotic drugs in model conditions such as in the presence of different microsomal fraction enzymes and with the application of electrochemical stimulation of metabolic transformations, as well as to the collected data with the results of in vivo experiments.
WYSPOWY DIAGRAM FAZOWY DLA NANOKRYSZTAŁÓW
Authors: Tomaszewski Paweł
Published: January 2025

The new form of the phase diagram is proposed for nanocrystals. This diagram shows the regions of the calcination temperature required to obtain the nanocrystals of given range of crystallite size. This explains why the temperature induced phase transitions are not possible in some crystals. However, the change of crystallite size can induce the phase transition
ZASTOSOWANIE PULSACYJNEGO POLA ELEKTRYCZNEGO (PEF) JAKO ZABIEGU WSPOMAGAJĄCEGO EKSTRAKCJĘ
Authors: Nowosad Karolina
Published: January 2025

Fruits, vegetables and yeast contain numerous biologically active compounds called "phytonutrients". The phytonutrients can include phenolic compounds, minerals and vitamins. Conventional techniques used to extract these nutrients suffer from several disadvantages. These methods are characterized by poor efficiency of the extraction process, high energy and solvent consumption, long processing times and the formation of thermal decomposition by products. For this reason, scientists together with food engineers are looking for a safe and efficient extraction of bioactive compounds. In recent years, several modern techniques to support the extraction process have been proposed. One of them is the pulsed electric field (PEF). Pulsed electric field is one of the non-thermal methods used to control microbiological safety and change the properties (nutritional, sensory and physicochemical) of food products. The principle of operation of PEF is based on the formation of pores in the cell membrane under the influence of short bursts of electricity, which increases its permeability. Due to the formation of pores, various components, such as ions, molecules and other more complex compounds, such as vitamins or lipids, can flow freely through the cell membrane. The use of PEF for extraction reduces the process time, increases the efficiency of the process and is characterized by a low processing temperature. This review shows the use of a pulsed electric field as a process supporting the extraction of biological compounds from algae, vegetables, fruits and in the brewing industry. The optimal conditions of the pulsed electric field, which may affect the extraction efficiency, e.g. electric field strength, number of pulses and pulse width, are also discussed. Based on the collected literature data, it was found that the pulsed electric field contributes to the increase of the extraction efficiency.
GRZYBY I ODPADY GRZYBOWE JAKO NOWE PREKURSORY DO OTRZYMYWANIA ADSORBENTÓW WĘGLOWYCH
Authors: Koźlarek Natalia , Bazan-Woźniak Aleksandra , Pietrzak Robert
Published: January 2025

Undesirable changes in the bacteriological, physical and chemical properties of water are a consequence of introduction of excessive amounts of inorganic and organic materials to it. These pollutants limit or prevent the use of water for drinking, food production and household purposes. The greatest amounts of pollutants enter the water system with sewage. Also the pesticides, surfactants, organic dyes, artificial fertilizers along with municipal and industrial waste can easily enter water system and threaten the organisms living there. Another, equally important problem is the pollution of atmospheric air. Emission of solid liquid or gas pollutants to the atmosphere has been proved to have significant impact on human health, climate and nature. That is why the search for new and more effective technologies for the environment purification is a continuous challenge. Recently, increasingly often carbon materials are used as effective adsorbents of pollutants from liquid and gas phases.
BIOMATERIAŁY HYBRYDOWE NA BAZIE ZWIĄZKÓW KRZEMU
Authors: John Łukasz
Published: January 2025

BIOMATERIAŁY HYBRYDOWE NA BAZIE ZWIĄZKÓW KRZEMU 255 ABSTRACT Biomaterials based on silicon compounds are considered ideal building blocks of hybrid materials due to their unique structures and excellent performance. This review article highlights the selected achievements published by the Biomaterials Chemistry Research Group led by Professor Łukasz John, working at the Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, Poland. Paper deals with specific issues in the field of polysiloxanes and cage-like silsesquioxane-based hybrid materials, ranging from monomer functionalization and materials preparation to biomedical applications and tissue engineering. The findings reported in the original papers are summarized, and the challenges and prospects in the biomaterials field are also discussed for further development and exploitation.
BAKTERYJNE STRATEGIE WYKORZYSTANIA JONÓW METALI – KULISY CHEMII KOORDYNACYJNEJ
Authors: Piasta Karolina , Mular Andrzej , Rola Anna , Dzyhovskyi Valentyn , Potok Paulina , Orzeł Bartosz , Potocki Sławomir , Stokowa-Sołtys Kamila , Kozłowski Henryk , Gumienna-Kontecka Elżbieta
Published: January 2025

In the Biological Inorganic Chemistry Group we are inspired to better understand metal ions acquisition and homeostasis in pathogenic bacteria, and in this review we present three different approaches to the role of these processes. The growing importance of a full understanding of the iron transport system in pathogens prompted us to study synthetic analogs of siderophores, used as structural probes in the process of iron uptake by microorganisms. The ferrichrome biomimetic analogs allowed efficient Fe(III) chelation under biological conditions and were recognized better by P. putida. than E. coli, suggesting differences in uptake mechanisms. Addition of a fluorescent probe to the compound allowed to track biological fate of studied complexes [1, 2]. Biomimetics of ferrioxamine E revealed their potential as radioactive 68Ga(III)-based probes [3], and studies of Zr(IV) complexes permitted to explain the in vivo behavior of desferrioxamine B as 89Zr(IV) radionuclide carrier [4], as well as design better chelators for this metal ion [5]. One of the possible mammalian immune system responses to mycobacterial infection is the increase of Zn(II) concentration in phagosomes to a toxic level [6-8]. The mycobacterial SmtB protein is a transcription regulator that in the presence of high concentrations of metals, dissociates from DNA and activates the expression of metal efflux proteins. We focused on α5 Zn(II) binding domains of SmtB/BigR4 proteins [9], looking at the coordination modes and thermodynamics of their Zn(II) and Ni(II) complexes. The study points out the specificity of metal-ligand interactions and the effect of mutations on the coordination properties of studied systems. The project can be considered as an introduction to the new strategies in tuberculosis treatment based on Zn(II)/Ni(II)-sensitive mechanisms. F. nucleatum is an anaerobic bacteria present in the plaque. It leads not only to periodontal diseases but also, angina, purulent inflammation of the lung tissue or reproductive organs [10]. Moreover, F. nucleatum promotes colon cancer growth [11]. This bacteria strain promotes inflammation and tumorigenesis by modulating the tumor immune microenvironment [12, 13]. Microbial pathogens drive tumorigenesis in 15–20% of cancer cases [14]. However, not only microorganisms are considered a major risk factor, but also metal ions play an important role in tumor promotion [15, 16]. Therefore, our primary research goal is to investigate the effect of metal ions coordination on the activity of outer- membrane proteins from F. nucleatum and to answer whether these proteins increase the prooxidative activity of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions [16-18].
POLIMERY FUNKCJONALNE JAKO UNIKALNE MATERIAŁY STOSOWANE W SELEKTYWNEJ ADSORPCJI
Authors: Nazim Tomasz , Cegłowski Michał
Published: January 2025

Functional polymers are increasingly being used as materials with a range of unique properties. Due to their structure and relatively high flexibility in a synthetic context, they are becoming highly relevant in a variety of applications. One of the numerous examples of the use of functional polymers is water treatment. Using the adsorption phenomenon, it is possible to remove or reduce the amount of harmful organic compounds and heavy metal ions in the water. This review provides information on both the synthesis methods and characterization of functional polymers in terms of their adsorption properties. Among others, this paper presents the results of research on functional polymers carried out by Professor Schroeder's research group. The research was mainly focused on the selective adsorption of dyes and heavy metal ions, which are significant water pollutants. The overall results show that the adsorption of the synthesized polymer materials is high influenced by parameters such as pH, temperature, contact time of the adsorbent with the adsorbate and the initial adsorbate concentration. In the case of the adsorption phenomenon, the Langmuir or Freundlich isotherm turned out to be the most appropriate model for the tested materials, while in the case of kinetic models, the highest R2 coefficient was usually obtained using the pseudo-second-order equation.
UKŁADY HYBRYDOWE NA BAZIE KRZEMIONKI I HALOIZYTU DO ZASTOSOWAŃ ŚRODOWISKOWYCH I BIOMEDYCZNYCH
Authors: Kurczewska Joanna
Published: January 2025

Silica and halloysite are inorganic materials of great importance in various areas of industry. Inorganic-organic hybrid systems obtained on their basis allow for the expansion of potential applications to new directions and improve their properties in the context of possible applications. Silica is characterized by good selectivity and mechanical stability. It consists of siloxane and silanol functional groups that can be functionalized with different organic units. Halloysite is an aluminosilicate clay mineral with silica and alumina sheets. It is often characterized by tubular structure, and its internal and external surfaces can be easily functionalized. Two large areas of application for hybrid materials based on silica and halloysite are environmental protection and medicine. Herein, the exemplary materials dedicated to the adsorption of impurities and drug delivery systems are presented.
MATERIAŁY I MECHANIZMY PROCESÓW ELEKTROCHEMICZNYCH W OGNIWIE LITOWO-SIARKOWYM
Authors: Przybylczak Magdalena , Walkowiak Mariusz , Jankowski Mateusz , Osińska-Broniarz Monika , Lota Grzegorz
Published: January 2025

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) cells are now attracting a lot of attention among battery scientists and engineers due to their potential for replace current Li-ion technologies as ta main energy storage chemistry. It is well known that Li-S cells operate according to a significantly different mechanisms as compared to Li-ion chemistries. In particular, upon discharge the sulfur species undergo a set of complex electrochemical transitions starting from elemental sulfur down to Li2S. In order to design a viable Li-S battery, it is of decisive importance to fully understand this complex electrochemistry that needs aprotic solvents to function. This article is concise a review of mechanisms and materials involved in state-of-the-art Li-S cells. Electrochemical processes have been described according to the latest state of research, as well as main types of cathode, anode and electrolyte materials and chemicals. Also, main scientific and technological challenges and obstacle in designing commercially viable Li-S batteries have been pointed out
METODY ANALITYCZNE BADANIA PREPARATÓW KOSMETYCZNYCH – WCZORAJ I DZIŚ
Authors: Olejnik Anna , Gornowicz-Porowska Justyna , Gościańska Joanna
Published: January 2025

The safety and quality of each cosmetic product is tested before it is introduced to the market. There are highly regulated requirements that producers should comply with. However, as the cosmetic products are highly complexed mixture of different ingredients, detailed characterization of their composition remains still a challenge. Currently, due to the development of modern technologies, a wide range of analytical methods are available. Scientists are increasingly adapting highly sophisticated and advanced techniques to precisely identify and quantify the components of cosmetic products. The aim of this article is to present the analytical methods applied to examine cosmetics taking into account their advantages and limitations. The progress made in recent years in the design of novel instruments leading to their greater efficiency, selectivity and sensitivity was also considered. The techniques that are commonly used in the quality control laboratories of cosmetic companies were presented. Cosmetics analysis is not only limited to the characterization of product itself. Today, in vivo tests are very essential to determine the efficacy of formulations directly on the skin surface. Therefore, in this article modern devices dedicated to theses analyses were described in detail
KWASY BORONOWE I KARBOKSYLOWE - PODOBIEŃSTWA I RÓŻNICE
Authors: Adamczyk-Woźniak Agnieszka , Sporzyński Andrzej
Published: January 2025

Two groups of compounds were compared - boronic acids RB(OH)2 and carboxylic acids RCOOH. The similarities and differences in their acidic character, structures, esterification reactions, and anhydride formation are shown. The systems containing both the boronic -B(OH)2 and carboxyl -COOH functional groups were also discussed
W POSZUKIWANIU IDEALNEGO CHROMOJONOFORA
Authors: Zarzeczańska Dorota , Wcisło Anna , Smułka Agata , Ossowski Tadeusz
Published: January 2025

In pursuit for new chromoionophores, it is important to know their functioning, which depends primarily on their structure. The structures of chromoionophores were discussed, highlighting the elements that have a significant impact on their operation, i.e. the binding and visualization of metal ion binding. Chromoionophores are composed of a binding and signaling group. Valinomycin, salinomycin and synthetic crown ethers are presented as ionophores. Using the anthraquinone as an example, the function of the chromophore system was defined and discussed. It has been shown that an element connecting the main components of the chromoionophore may also play an important role. The action of chromoionophores is directly related to their acid-base properties, which can influence both ion binding and the visualization of interactions. The examples of aminoanthraquinone derivatives show the influence of the number of groups, position in the anthraquinone ring and the order of amino groups on the basicity of chromoionophores.
ZASTOWANIE CYKLODEKSTRYN W TECHNOLOGII WDRUKOWANIA MOLEKULARNEGO
Authors: Pokajewicz Katarzyna , Poliwoda Anna , Wieczorek Piotr
Published: January 2025

In the last decade molecular imprinted polymers (MIP) have gained great interest in the area of selective recognition various type substances. Scientific work in this field is carried out very intensively - the methods of synthesis are modified and improved, new types of hydride materials are created, as well as new reagents for synthesis. In this case, cyclodextrins (CD) and their analogues show good molecular recognition ability for its unique physical and chemical properties and suitable cavity structure. As a result, these supramolecular ligands can perform various functions in the MIP technology, and the resulting polymeric materials are characterized by high selectivity and binding specificity (recognition) of analytes structurally matched to the MIP cavity. Of particular importance is the fact that cyclodextrins enable the imprinting not only of low-molecular-weight biologically active compounds, but also of high-molecular molecules (proteins, peptides). The numerous hydroxyl groups available in cyclodextrins are active sites that can form different types of linkages. They can be cross-linked with one another, or they can be derivatized to produce monomers that can form linear or branched networks. This article provides a detailed review of MIPs based on CD and their application in the field of separation science and analytical chemistry in recent years. The discussion is grouped according to the different role of CD in MIPs, that is, functional monomer, carrier modifier, etc.
ZWIĄZKI KOMPLEKSOWE NA BAZIE Gd(III), W(IV), Mn(II), Eu(III) I 99mTc WYKORZYSTYWANE W DIAGNOSTYCE MEDYCZNEJ
Authors: Pobłocki Kacper , Drzeżdżon Joanna , Jacewicz Dagmara
Published: January 2025

Recently, hospitals have undergone major changes. Minimally invasive surgery is becoming more common, and numerous innovations are emerging, such as interventional radiology (IVR) and hybrid surgery. In order to keep pace with changes in this extremely dynamic field, scientist keep working on the development of imaging technology and the improvement of image display devices and new compounds acting as contrast agent (CA). In medicine, metals are used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Inorganic elements are increasingly used as contrast agents in medical imaging due to their unique physicochemical properties. In this review, we would like to focus on the latest literature reports that contain information on Gd(III), W(IV), Mn(II), Eu(III) and 99mTc used in medical diagnostics
ZDOLNOŚĆ PŁYNIĘCIA MATERIAŁÓW PROSZKOWYCH
Authors: Leś Karolina
Published: January 2025

Powders are an important group of materials used as substrates and products in chemical and related industries. Due to their cohesiveness there is a serious problem with storage, handling and processing. In this review flowabilty as an important property of powders was discussed and operational problems caused by insufficient powder flow were presented. The popular methods of powder flowability improvement were reviewed. The techniques of powder flow evaluation with particular emphasis on new proposals and modifications of existing methods were also presented.
SKUTECZNOŚĆ SYNTETYCZNYCH ZEOLITÓW W USUWANIU METALI CIĘŻKICH I SUBSTANCJI ORGANICZNYCH Z ROZTWORÓW WODNYCH
Authors: Medykowska Magdalena
Published: January 2025

ith constantly increasing ecological needs, it is necessary to look for suitable solutions aimed at purifying the water and soil environment. Synthetic zeolites, i.e. porous, ion-exchangeable, acid- and heat-resistant, sodium and calcium aluminosilicates, may be the answer to this demand. This paper presents the adsorption capabilities of two synthetic zeolites (Na-X, Na-P1) obtained via hydrothermal reaction of aqueous sodium hydroxide and high-carbon fly ash. For this purpose, the experiment was conducted with adsorbates from two groups: heavy metals (Pb(II), Zn(II)) and organic substances (polymer - poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug – diclofenac (DCF)). Adsorption was carried out in single and mixed adsorbate systems (metal-metal; metal-organic substance; organic substance-organic substance). The adsorption capacity of the studied zeolites was determined relative to Pb(II), Zn(II) and DCF. Desorption processes were also carried out to illustrate the regeneration abilities of the examined porous materials. In addition, the structure of the electrical double layer was characterized using potentiometric titrations and electrophoretic mobility measurements. The highest adsorbed amounts of heavy metals in single systems are observed for Na-X, i.e. 322.1 mg/g Pb(II) and 332.5 mg/g of Zn(II). In the case of Na-P1 zeolite, these amounts were 332.9 mg/g and 103.6 mg/g for Pb(II) and Zn(II), respectively. In mixed adsorbate systems there is a decrease in heavy metal adsorption, after the addition of both another metal or organic substance. In the first case, the decrease is small - the adsorption of Pb(II) on Na-X drops to 309.36 mg/g. In contrast, in mixed systems in the presence of anionic organic substances, the decrease in the amount of adsorbed ions is much greater. In the presence of DCF, Pb(II) adsorption on Na-X decrease to 98.7 mg/g, whereas on Na-P1 to 99.7 mg/g. The main mechanisms of the adsorption process in such systems are: competition for the adsorbent's active sites and the formation of complexes between adsorbates of opposite ionic character. However, the addition of a heavy metal causes increase of the drug adsorption. In the case of Pb(II) ions, the amount of DCF adsorbed on Na-X increases from 6.68 mg/g to 12.86 mg/g, and a slight decrease is observed on Na-P1. On the other hand, in the presence of PAA, DCF adsorption on Na-X decreases to 5.86 mg/g. Moreover, the synthesized adsorbents can be successfully regenerated with hydrochloric acid (in the single and mixed systems containing heavy metals). The addition of Pb(II)/Zn(II) and PAA causes a decrease in the zeta potential of the examined zeolites, whereas the addition of DCF increases this parameter. In turn, the surface charge density decreases in the presence of each adsorbate. It was proved that both synthetic zeolites can be successfully used in soil and water purification processes in continuously improved procedures
PEPTYDOWE ZWIĄZKI MAKROCYKLICZNE: NOWE PERSPEKTYWY W DIAGNOSTYCE I TERAPII CHORÓB
Authors: Wądrzyk Magdalena , Miśkiewicz Julia , Kasperkiewicz-Wasilewska Paulina
Published: January 2025

PEPTYDOWE ZWIĄZKI MAKROCYKLICZNE 1407 ABSTRACT In recent years macrocyclic peptides have drawn much interest due to their beneficial physiochemical properties and potential medical applications. The goal of this review is to summarize the advantages and drawbacks of macrocyclic peptides and provide examples of their use as therapeutic agents. Macrocyclic peptides are characterized by better stability, selectivity and resistance to degradation than their linear counterparts, but on the other hand, macrocyclic peptide synthesis has low efficiency due to possible side reactions and difficulties with solubility of linear precursors. Macrocyclic peptides might also be more immunogenic than their linear counterparts. Macrocyclic peptides have been found as an promising group of molecules for innovative medicine and, to date, they are used as antimicrobial drugs which are effective against both bacteria and fungi. As macrocyclic peptides are highly selective, they also serve a role in cancer therapies and diagnostics. Patented macrocyclic peptides act as a scaffold for the search and optimization of specific inhibitors of cell signaling pathways used by cancer cells to avoid cell death. The presence of peptide rings in the structure of macrocyclic peptides makes them analogs of hormones, such as somatostatin and insulin. As a result, macrocyclic peptides could prove to be a good basis for the development of hormonal drugs with extended duration of action. Aside from their role in medicine macrocyclic peptides might also be used in the field of chemical biology as selective and specific chemical probes which would allow for the visualization and imagining of various molecular targets
WŁOSKIE PODRÓŻE MARII SKŁODOWSKIEJ-CURIE
Authors: Górecki Marcin
Published: January 2025

Maria Skłodowska-Curie visited Italy three times: in years 1911, 1918, and 1931. Her travels to Italy are little–known facts that are rarely mentioned even in her most recent biographies. The first and third trips were related to scientific conferences, in Genoa and Rome, respectively. In many original materials, there is no information about the trip in 1911, hence in this article, we shall describe it in a more detailed manner along with its context. However, the least known is the second trip, which was in fact a research mission based on an invitation extended by Prof.Vito Volterra (founder of the Italian National Research Council, CNR), who represented the Italian government. During this trip, the Nobel laureate travelled over 3000 km across the Apennine Peninsula in just three weeks, searching for radioactive elements: radium and radon – reaching places that are difficult to access even today. Thanks to historical research, it was possible to find out most of the original materials in Italy concerning these trips. Thus, this article is the first attempt to compile the main information about our Nobel laureate’s three trips to Italy. It is complemented by the documentary film “Marie Skłodowska-Curie in Italy in search of radium” which was released in 2023 on the YouTube channel of the Polish Academy of Sciences.
REAKCJA RAUHUTA-CURRIER – OD KLASYCZNYCH METOD DO NOWOCZESNYCH ROZWIĄZAŃ
Authors: Całka-Kuc Gabriela , Banachowicz Piotr
Published: January 2025

The formation of carbon-carbon bonds is a fundamental aspect of organic synthesis, serving as a key step in the construction of complex molecules with biological and pharmaceutical significance. In recent years, chemists have focused on developing new methods that not only expand the scope of available reactions but also enable control over stereoselectivity, which is particularly important in the context of asymmetric synthesis. One reaction that has gained increasing attention in this field is the Rauhut-Currier (RC) reaction. The RC reaction, based on conjugate addition, allows the creation of new carbon- carbon bonds through the reaction between α,β-unsaturated compounds containing carbonyl groups. Although its mechanism was described several decades ago, modern research is centered on discovering new catalysts, both organic and metallic, that enable the reaction to proceed more efficiently and selectively. The development of organocatalysis plays a crucial role here, as it allows the reaction to be conducted under milder conditions, while simultaneously increasing the yield and enantioselectivity. This review presents the latest advancements in the field of the Rauhut-Currier reaction, with a particular focus on the development of enantioselective variants of the reaction and the research into new catalysts. Furthermore, its application in the synthesis of natural products and pharmaceutically important compounds is discussed, highlighting the growing role of this reaction in modern organic synthesis
OLEJEK TYMIANKOWY W ZASTOSOWANIACH LECZNICZYCH I KOSMETYCZNYCH (SKŁADNIKI CHEMICZNE I AKTYWNOŚĆ BIOLOGICZNA)
Authors: Walasek-Janusz Magdalena , Cichosz Patrycja , Nurzyńska-Wierdak Renata
Published: January 2025

Essential oils - aromatic plant substances with strong biological activity - are increasingly used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic production. An example of an extremely active essential oil is thyme essential oil, obtained by steam distillation of thyme herb. Thyme oil has proven antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activity. It is also characterized by strong antioxidant activity, as well as anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, and repellent properties. The biological activity of thyme oil and its possible applications depend on the origin of the raw material and the extraction method. Thymol and carvacrol are mentioned as the most active compounds of thyme oil, although other ingredients are also mentioned. The intended therapeutic effects can be achieved by using pure, natural oil and proper application. In cosmetic production, thyme oil can act as an active ingredient of the product and/or a natural preservative that extends its shelf life.
TAUTOMERYCZNA TRANSFORMACJA W TIOSEMIKARBAZONACH POCHODNYCH ALFA-AMINOKETONÓW NOWĄ METODĄ SYNTEZY POCHODNYCH HYDROKSYTIOSEMIKARBAZONÓW, JAKO ZWIĄZKÓW O POTENCJALNEJ AKTYWNOŚCI BIOLOGICZNEJ
Authors: Kozakiewicz Dariusz
Published: January 2025

Thiosemicarbazones are an important pharmacophore that gives biological activity to chemical molecules, which is why these compounds are of great interest in the pharmaceutical industry. During research on the possibility of obtaining alpha-aminotiosemicarbazones by reacting alpha-aminoketones with thiosemicarbazide, the phenomenon of rearrangement of the thiosemicarbazide group with the cleavage of the appropriate amine and the formation of a neighboring hydroxyl group was observed. This publication describes this reaction as a new method for obtaining hydroxy-thiosemicarbazone derivatives, which may result in the future development of a number of new thiosemicarbazone derivatives with significant biological properties of particular interest to the pharmaceutical industry.
WPŁYW BUDOWY ZWIĄZKU ELEKTROAKTYWNEGO NA WŁAŚCIWOŚCI LUMINESCENCYJNE I ELEKTROCHROMOWE
Authors: Muras Kacper
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the relationship between the structure of organic compound and their electrochemical and optical properties, with a particular focus on donor-acceptor structures. Organic electronics, an emerging field with historical roots date back to discovery of organic semiconductors in the mid-20th century, offers notable advantages over traditional silicon-based electronics. That advantages include flexibility, lightweight, lower cost and the potential for large-area production. Based on the analysis of organic compounds, I have attempted to elucidate the relationship between the structure and optical and electrochemical properties of organic compounds. Donor-acceptor systems are known for their ease of charge transfer, which is crucial for enhancing both electrochromic and luminescent properties. Our research shows that even minor changes in structure can lead to significant variation in electrochromic and luminescent properties. This research not only increase our knowledge about fundamental principles governing organic electronics, but also paves the way for the development of advanced materials with tailored properties for application in flexible displays, smart windows, smart glasses and a organic light-emitting diodes (OLED’s). The potential inherent in organic electronics encourages ongoing exploration of new electroactive organic compounds and the dynamic development of knowledge regarding the relationship between the structure and properties of such molecules.
DRUK 3D OKIEM ELEKTROCHEMIKA
Authors: Szymaniec Olga , Kowalski Grzegorz , Hurny Bartłomiej , Kwaczyński Karolina , Półtorak Łukasz
Published: January 2025

Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies – 3D printing – are a cause of undergoing revolution in the field of electrochemistry. In this review paper, we describe how electrochemistry benefits from 3D printing and how 3D printing can be merged with electrochemical tools. We provide a basic description of the 3D printing technologies that are commonly used to prepare electrodes, parts of electrochemical configurations and electrochemical cells, along with the used materials and their properties. We also underline different methodologies used to activate conductive printouts, a step that is an inherent part of the 3D printed electrodes application. Finally, we cover chosen applications of 3D printed objects covering electroanalytical detection of drugs, biomolecules, and illicit drugs along with the application in energy storage devices.
ZIELONE METODY PRZYGOTOWANIA PRÓBEK DO CELU ANALIZY CHROMATOGRAFIĄ CIECZOWĄ
Authors: Kalisz Oktawia , Tobiszewski Marek , Bocian Szymon
Published: January 2025

In the context of green chemistry, modern sample preparation methods in liquid chromatography play a key role in minimizing environmental impact, reducing solvent consumption and reducing analysis time and costs. Analytical procedures related to sample preparation are an important step, both in terms of time consumption and the possibility of errors or contamination. One of the important trends in green methods is the use of direct chromatographic techniques, which eliminate the need to use solvents and other materials. Despite their benefits, there is a challenge in analyzing complex samples. In order to minimize these challenges, the focus was on miniaturization and automation of sample preparation processes. Techniques such as solid-phase extraction are gaining popularity, enabling efficient separation of analytes. Progress in the field of solid-phase microextraction and other modern techniques, such as extraction using a mobile sorption element or hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction, enable precise analysis while minimizing the consumption of solvents. The field of sample preparation is also being revolutionized by alternative solvents such as ionic liquids, supercritical fluids and deep eutectic solvents. Another important aspect is techniques that accelerate the extraction process, such as extraction assisted by microwave radiation and ultrasounds. Green sample preparation methods in liquid chromatography are moving towards a sustainable and efficient approach, using innovative techniques, minimizing solvent consumption and increasing automation. These advances are crucial to achieving green chemistry goals, reducing the ecological footprint and speeding up analytical processes.
DYSPROZ – PIERWIASTEK ZIEM RZADKICH O WYSOKIM POTENCJALE APLIKACYJNYM
Authors: Czajka Justyna
Published: January 2025

The modern world is based on dynamically evolving technologies, in which rare earth elements play a significant role. This group of seventeen chemical elements, due to their unique chemical and physical properties, is crucial for the development of the most advanced industrial sectors. Rare earth metals, also known as rare earth elements (REE), have gained the status of strategic resources in the last two decades. Despite their small market share compared to other mining and metallurgy products, they are considered critical resources both in the European Union and in the United States. From the wide range of rare earth elements and the numerous advantages they bring, this work focuses on dysprosium. Starting with its historical background, presenting its chemical and physical properties, and ending with a review of the latest scientific articles. In recent years, understanding and characterizing the spectroscopic properties of dysprosium ions has become a subject of research for many groups of scientists worldwide. There has been a growing trend of interest in this rare earth element, as evidenced by literature reports in prestigious international journals. Dy3+ ions are often used as dopants in the production of modern inorganic phosphors, which are chemical compounds that emit light upon excited. This work will show the significant importance of using dysprosium-ion-doped phosphors, glasses, or quantum dots in many areas of science and industry. It emphasizes the crucial role dysprosium has played in the development of electroluminescent diodes, solar cells, sensors, optoelectronic devices, as well as in biomedicine, forensics and anti-counterfeiting applications.
PEROWSKITY – PRZYSZŁOŚĆ TECHNOLOGII FOTOWOLTAICZNEJ
Authors: Czajka Justyna
Published: January 2025

The rapid technological development necessitates the creation of increasingly new and more efficient solutions in photovoltaics, where the concept of perovskite solar cells is playing an ever-growing role. Perovskites, as an extensive and diverse group of chemical compounds characterized by a specific ABX3 crystal structure, exhibit exceptional electrical and optical properties, making them one of the most attractive groups for applications in modern photovoltaics. The following review article illustrates how the understanding of perovskite solar cells has evolved over the past decade. It emphasizes the significant role that scientists worldwide have played in addressing various challenges, such as the stability and durability of perovskites under harsh conditions. The research findings also highlight the importance of designing new perovskite compositions that exhibit increased stability and lower degradation rates. Scientists are also exploring innovative encapsulation techniques to protect the perovskite layers from environmental factors, which is crucial for ensuring their long-term performance. As a result of their research, there has been an improvement in the efficiency of solar energy conversion in modern cells, enabling them to compete with conventional silicon technologies, while the potential of tandem solutions presents new opportunities for their development.
TIAZYNOWE I TIAZOLYDYNOWE POCHODNE AMINOKWASÓW SIARKOWYCH I WYBRANYCH ENDOGENNYCH ALDEHYDÓW
Authors: Gaweł Marta , Piechocka Justyna , Głowacki Rafał
Published: January 2025

Sulfur-containing amino acids, including cysteine (Cys) and homocysteine (Hcy), as well as aldehydes such as formaldehyde (FA), acetaldehyde (AA), pyridoxal 5`-phosphate (PLP), acrolein (ACR), malondialdehyde (MDA), croton aldehyde (CA) and 4-hydoxynonenal (4-HNE) widely occur in the human body. As indicated in the literature, abnormal (elevated) concentrations of these compounds in humans may result in or even be the cause of the occurrence/development of some civilization diseases. At the same time, the literature provides the evidence that Cys and Hcy are a highly reactive towards aldehydes resulting in formation of substituted thiazolidine and thiazine carboxylic acids, respectively. Importantly, it has been shown that these adducts are formed in vitro and in vivo, while chromatographic techniques are suitable for their monitoring in biological samples. In this work, the above-mentioned issues are discussed. In particular, Cys and Hcy as well as selected endogenous aldehydes are characterized, and their role in human body in health and disease is discussed. Moreover, chromatographic methods enabling determination of selected adducts of Cys and Hcy with the above-mentioned aldehydes in biological samples are described.
The Hypothetic OMIRE Learning Model to Improve The Scientific Literacy of Prospective Science Teachers
Authors: Sarini Putri , Widodo Wahono , Sutoyo Suyatno , Suardana I Nyoman
Published: January 2025

Objective: Prospective science teachers must have good scientific literacy skills as critical agents in developing future generations' scientific literacy. However, the scientific literacy skills of prospective science teachers in Indonesia still need to improve. This research tries to formulate the OMIRE learning model to increase the scientific literacy of prospective science teachers. Method: The method used is a literature study with a qualitative research type. Results:  The hypothetical OMIRE learning model synthesizes inquiry-based learning models and culture-based learning models to develop the scientific literacy of prospective science teachers. This model is based on several learning theories, including constructivism, Piaget's cognitive development theory, Vygotsky's social constructivist theory, Ausuble's meaningful learning, Bruner's discovery learning, Novak's concept map (mind map), information processing theory, collateral learning theory, boundary crossing metaphor culture, and scientific reconstruction. The hypothetical OMIRE learning model consists of five phases: Observation (O), Mind Mapping (M), Investigation (I), Reconstruction (R), and Evaluation (E). Novelty: The hypothetical OMIRE learning model can develop the scientific literacy of prospective science teachers. Further research needs to be conducted to test the validity, practicality, and effectiveness of the OMIRE learning model in improving the scientific literacy of prospective science teachers.
Identification of Factors in Selection of Islamic Education Management Postgraduate Programs
Authors: Suratin Sonia Isna , Mutniati Vebri Putri , Gazali Ahmad , Latif Abdul , Latif Muhammad Sabri , Rosyida Fatia Ainur
Published: January 2025

In facing global challenges, there needs to be a major contribution to Islamic Education Management to optimize the career orientation of postgraduate students. This research provides insight into the factors that influence students in choosing a study program. The objectives of this research: 1) Provide insight into the decision-making process of postgraduate students at UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang in choosing the Islamic Education Management study program, 2) Identify the most relevant factors that influence the choice of study program. The approach used in this research is a qualitative approach with a case study at the Postgraduate Program at UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. The data collection techniques are through semi-structured interview techniques and documentation. Meanwhile, the data analysis techniques in this research include 3 methods, namely: Data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions from the data. The findings of this research include: 1) Students chose to continue their studies at the UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang Postgraduate Program for self-development and career advancement in the future, 2) The UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang Campus was chosen because of its good reputation, superior study program accreditation, and a positive brand image, 3) A diverse undergraduate educational background is not an obstacle in choosing an MPI study program, 4) Factors such as job prospects, advice from lecturers, and family influence play an important role in choosing an MPI study program. The conclusion of this research provides an in-depth understanding of the factors that influence students' decisions in choosing the Islamic Education Management study program at UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang in the 2022/2023 academic year.
Penguatan Literasi Siswa di Sekolah Dasar dalam Era Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Nugraha Dewa Made Dwicky Putra , Juniayanti Dewi
Published: January 2025

Kurikulum Merdeka menghadirkan pembaharuan pada pendekatan literasi untuk menjawab tantangan pendidikan di era modern khususnya dalam hal kemampuan literasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penguatan literasi siswa sekolah dasar dalam konteks Kurikulum Merdeka. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah tinjauan literatur sistematis yang mencakup artikel penelitian terkait literasi dalam Kurikulum Merdeka dari tahun 2022 hingga 2024. Data dikumpulkan melalui publish & persih yang bersumber dari Google Scholar dan dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif untuk mengidentifikasi tren, pendekatan, dan tantangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penguatan literasi dicapai melalui berbagai program strategis, pengembangan desain pembelajaran dan perangkat pembelajaran, serta inisiatif akademik lainnya. Hambatan seperti keterbatasan sarana dan variasi keterampilan awal seesaw, serta keterlibatan komunitas sekolah diidentifikasi sebagai tantangan yang mempengaruhi efektivitas berbagai upaya penguatan literasi. Temuan ini memberikan landasan untuk inovasi kebijakan dan strategi penguatan literasi yang selaras dengan semangat Kurikulum Merdeka.
Pembelajaran Matematika di Sekolah Dasar: Analisis Hasil Tes Pemahaman dan Penalaran (Materi Penjumlahan dan Pengurangan)
Authors: Indarwati Erna Eka , Wiryanto Wiryanto , Mariana Neni
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hasil tes pemahaman dan penalaran matematika siswa kelas 1 SD pada materi penjumlahan dan pengurangan. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas 1 SD Negeri Gampang dengan jumlah 14 siswa.11 siswa berjenis kelamin laki-laki dan 3 siswa berjenis kelamin perempuan. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Pendekatan ini dipilih karena memungkinkan peneliti untuk menggali secara mendalam pemahaman dan proses berpikir siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal-soal matematika. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan tes tulis dan studi dokumentasi.  Instrumen yang digunakan berupa tes tertulis yang mencakup soal-soal konseptual, prosedural, dan pemecahan masalah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masih rendahnya nilai hasil tes tulis siswa. Kesulitan yang dialami siswa umumnya terkait dengan tingkat pemahaman dan penalaran siswa yang masih rendah, misalnya: soal cerita, meminjam, atau mengubah bentuk soal. Berdasarkan hasil ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa masih diperlukan upaya lebih lanjut untuk meningkatkan pemahaman dan kemampuan penalaran siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal-soal penjumlahan dan pengurangan. Dari penelitian ini juga ditemukan bahwa perlunya pembelajaran yang kreatif dan inovatif guna meningkatkan pemahaman dan penalaran siswa dalam pembelajaran matematika. Pembelajaran yang kreatif dan inovatif akan meningkatkan minat belajar siswa.
Penerapan Metode Problem Based Learning dalam Meningkatkan Berfikir Kritis Pada Pembelajaran PAI
Authors: Hidayati Islamiyah Nur , Berliana Chandra Intan , Zaman Badrus
Published: January 2025

Keterampilan berpikir kritis merupakan kemampuan penting yang harus ditanamkan sejak dini, terutama di jenjang sekolah dasar, agar siswa mampu menilai informasi secara akurat dan membuat keputusan berdasarkan pengetahuan yang mendalam. Keterampilan ini mencakup kemampuan menganalisis, merefleksi, dan mengevaluasi berbagai sudut pandang, sehingga siswa dapat memahami masalah secara lebih komprehensif. Dalam konteks pendidikan abad ke-21 yang ditandai dengan perkembangan teknologi dan perubahan yang dinamis, Kurikulum Merdeka hadir memberikan fleksibilitas pembelajaran, memungkinkan siswa mendalami konsep secara terarah. Salah satu pendekatan yang mendukung tujuan tersebut adalah Problem Based Learning (PBL), yang berfokus pada pemecahan masalah nyata serta mendorong keterlibatan aktif siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai efektivitas penerapan PBL dalam pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) di SD Negeri Glempangpasir 02 Cilacap. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa penerapan PBL mampu meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa kelas IV. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa dapat menganalisis masalah, mengevaluasi informasi, dan menyelesaikan masalah secara kolaboratif. Selain itu, siswa menunjukkan peningkatan keaktifan dalam diskusi kelompok, motivasi belajar, dan pemahaman materi PAI yang lebih mendalam. PBL juga mendukung pengembangan kompetensi siswa secara kreatif dan kontekstual sesuai dengan prinsip Kurikulum Merdeka. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya penerapan PBL sebagai pendekatan pembelajaran yang relevan dan efektif untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa, sekaligus mempersiapkan mereka menghadapi tantangan pendidikan dan kehidupan di masa depan. Dukungan dari berbagai pihak, termasuk guru, sekolah, dan lingkungan belajar, diperlukan untuk mengoptimalkan keberhasilan metode ini. Penelitian lebih lanjut direkomendasikan untuk mengeksplorasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi efektivitas penerapan PBL dalam berbagai konteks.
Penerapan Implementasi Bilingual Class System di MAN 2 Kudus: Meningkatkan Kualitas Pendidikan Berbasis Bahasa dan Agama
Authors: Zumaruddin Muhammad , Thohir Muhammad Mujib , Luthfinda Muhammad , Fadhila Alfina Naila , Maulana Shiva Amadea , Zaman Badrus
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji implementasi Bilingual Class System (BCS) di MAN 2 Kudus sebagai pendekatan pendidikan yang mengintegrasikan pengajaran bahasa asing dengan nilai-nilai keagamaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi literatur dengan menganalisis berbagai sumber terkait penerapan BCS dalam konteks pendidikan di Indonesia dan internasional. BCS dirancang untuk meningkatkan kemampuan bahasa asing siswa, terutama bahasa Inggris dan Arab, sambil memperdalam pemahaman mereka terhadap ajaran Islam. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa BCS memiliki dampak positif terhadap penguasaan bahasa asing siswa, baik dalam kemampuan lisan maupun tulisan, serta pada pembentukan karakter religius dan toleran. Selain itu, BCS berperan dalam mempersiapkan siswa menghadapi tantangan global. Meskipun demikian, beberapa kendala ditemukan, seperti keterbatasan jumlah guru yang kompeten dalam bilingualisme dan kesulitan adaptasi siswa terhadap pembelajaran bilingual. Secara keseluruhan, BCS di MAN 2 Kudus memiliki potensi besar sebagai model pendidikan yang menggabungkan kompetensi akademik dan nilai-nilai spiritual, dengan kemungkinan untuk diimplementasikan lebih luas di tingkat nasional maupun internasional. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi terhadap pengembangan pendidikan bilingual berbasis nilai keislaman.