bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 mortality in Italy varies by patient age, sex and pandemic wave
Authors: Minnai Francesca , De Bellis Gianluca , Dragani Tommaso A. , Colombo Francesca
Published: March 2022

SARS-CoV-2 has caused a worldwide epidemic of enormous proportions, which resulted in different mortality rates in different countries for unknown reasons. We analyzed factors associated with mortality using data from the Italian national database of more than 4 million SARS-CoV-2-positive cases diagnosed between January 2020 and July 2021, including > 415 thousand hospitalized for coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) and > 127 thousand deceased. For patients for whom age, sex and date of infection detection were available, we determined the impact of these variables on mortality 30 days after the date of diagnosis or hospitalization. Multivariable weighted Cox analysis showed that each of the analyzed variables independently affected COVID-19 mortality. Specifically, in the overall series, age was the main risk factor for mortality, with HR > 100 in the age groups older than 65 years compared with a reference group of 15–44 years. Male sex presented a two-fold higher risk of death than female sex. Patients infected after the first pandemic wave (i.e. after 30 June 2020) had an approximately threefold lower risk of death than those infected during the first wave. Thus, in a series of all confirmed SARS-CoV-2-infected cases in an entire European nation, elderly age was by far the most significant risk factor for COVID-19 mortality, confirming that protecting the elderly should be a priority in pandemic management. Male sex and being infected during the first wave were additional risk factors associated with COVID-19 mortality.
Deep learning-based methods for natural hazard named entity recognition
Authors: Sun Junlin , Liu Yanrong , Cui Jing , He Handong
Published: March 2022

Natural hazard named entity recognition is a technique used to recognize natural hazard entities from a large number of texts. The method of natural hazard named entity recognition can facilitate acquisition of natural hazards information and provide reference for natural hazard mitigation. The method of named entity recognition has many challenges, such as fast change, multiple types and various forms of named entities. This can introduce difficulties in research of natural hazard named entity recognition. To address the above problem, this paper constructed a natural disaster annotated corpus for training and evaluation model, and selected and compared several deep learning methods based on word vector features. A deep learning method for natural hazard named entity recognition can automatically mine text features and reduce the dependence on manual rules. This paper compares and analyzes the deep learning models from three aspects: pretraining, feature extraction and decoding. A natural hazard named entity recognition method based on deep learning is proposed, namely XLNet-BiLSTM-CRF model. Finally, the research hotspots of natural hazards papers in the past 10 years were obtained through this model. After training, the precision of the XLNet-BilSTM-CRF model is 92.80%, the recall rate is 91.74%, and the F1-score is 92.27%. The results show that this method, which is superior to other methods, can effectively recognize natural hazard named entities.
Irregular rupture propagation and geometric fault complexities during the 2010 Mw 7.2 El Mayor-Cucapah earthquake
Authors: Yamashita Shinji , Yagi Yuji , Okuwaki Ryo
Published: March 2022

The 2010 MW 7.2 El Mayor-Cucapah, Mexico, earthquake ruptured multiple faults with different faulting mechanisms. Resolving the earthquake rupture process and its relation to the geometric fault complexities is critical to our understanding of the earthquake source physics, but doing so by conventional finite-fault inversion is challenging because modelling errors due to inappropriate assumptions about the fault geometry distort the solution and make robust interpretation difficult. Here, using a potency density tensor approach to finite-fault inversion, we inverted the observed teleseismic P waveforms of the 2010 El Mayor-Cucapah earthquake to simultaneously estimate the rupture process and the fault geometry. We found that the earthquake consisted of an initial normal faulting rupture, which was followed by a strike-slip bilateral rupture towards the southeast and northwest that originated on the northwest side of the epicentre. The southeastern rupture propagated back through the initial rupture area, but with strike-slip faulting. Although the northwestern rupture propagated across the left step in the Puerta fault-accommodation zone, the rupture was temporarily stalled by the associated change of the fault geometry. These results highlight the irregular rupture process, which involved a back-propagating rupture and fluctuating rupture propagation controlled the complexity of the fault system.
Penetration ability and microhardness of infiltrant resin and two pit and fissure sealants in primary teeth with early enamel lesions
Authors: Memarpour Mahtab , Abedinzade Arefe , Rafiee Azade , Hashemian Atieh
Published: March 2022

To determine the penetration depth and enamel microhardness (EMH) of an infiltrant resin and two fissure sealants in primary teeth with early enamel lesions. We randomly divided 174 sound teeth into six groups (n = 29): (1) phosphoric acid (PA) + Clinpro, (2) PA + Aegis, (3) Icon, (4) hydrochloric acid (HCl) + Clinpro, (5) HCl + Aegis, and (6) control. Percentage penetration (%PP) was analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (n = 15). EMH was measured (n = 12), and the percentage of EMH recovery (%REMH) was calculated. Twelve samples were examined under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). All data were analyzed with the Kruskal–Wallis and one-way ANOVA tests (p < 0.05). Groups 3 and 4 showed the highest %PP (all, p < 0.05). Icon application led to significantly higher %REMH compared to the others (p < 0.05). Groups 2 and 5 showed the lowest reduction in %REMH after pH-cycling. Application of Icon and Clinpro with HCl pretreatment showed the greatest %PP. pH-cycling led to a decrease in %REMH for all of the materials, although this effect was lower in teeth treated with Aegis.
Production of butadiene by oxidative butane dehydrogenation with NO: effect of the oxidant species and lattice oxygen mobility in V2O5–WO3/TiO2 catalyst
Authors: Dasireddy Venkata D. B. C. , Logar Nataša Zabukovec , Kovač Janez , Likozar Blaž
Published: March 2022

The lattice oxygen mobility and storage in V2O5–WO3/TiO2 affect the catalytic performance. A significant production extent of butadiene with no oxygenated compound products was formed using NO, while O2 favoured cracking hydrocarbon chains and COx.
Growth kinetics determine the polydispersity and size of PbS and PbSe nanocrystals
Authors: Campos Michael P. , De Roo Jonathan , Greenberg Matthew W. , McMurtry Brandon M. , Hendricks Mark P. , Bennett Ellie , Saenz Natalie , Sfeir Matthew Y. , Abécassis Benjamin , Ghose Sanjit K. , Owen Jonathan S.
Published: March 2022

Colloidal lead chalcogenide nanocrystals nucleate slowly throughout their synthesis rather than in a burst. There is no correlation between the temporal width of the nucleation phase and the polydispersity.
Correction: Optimizing accuracy and efficacy in data-driven materials discovery for the solar production of hydrogen
Authors: Xiong Yihuang , Campbell Quinn T. , Fanghanel Julian , Badding Catherine K. , Wang Huaiyu , Kirchner-Hall Nicole E. , Theibault Monica J. , Timrov Iurii , Mondschein Jared S. , Seth Kriti , Katzbaer Rowan R. , Villarino Andrés Molina , Pamuk Betül , Penrod Megan E. , Khan Mohammed M. , Rivera Tiffany , Smith Nathan C. , Quintana Xavier , Orbe Paul , Fennie Craig J. , Asem-Hiablie Senorpe , Young James L. , Deutsch Todd G. , Cococcioni Matteo , Gopalan Venkatraman , Abruña Héctor D. , Schaak Raymond E. , Dabo Ismaila
Published: March 2022

Correction for ‘Optimizing accuracy and efficacy in data-driven materials discovery for the solar production of hydrogen’ by Yihuang Xiong et al., Energy Environ. Sci., 2021, 14, 2335–2348; DOI: 10.1039/D0EE02984J.
Effect of dissolved solids released from biochar on soil microbial metabolism
Authors: Hu Jiajun , Tang Han , Wang Ya Zhu , Yang Chen , Gao Min-tian , Tsang Yiu Fai , Li Jixiang
Published: March 2022

Dissolved solids released from biochar could redistribute the metabolic flux of soil microorganisms.
Dietary phytochemicals targeting Nrf2 for chemoprevention in breast cancer
Authors: Wang Pinghan , Long Fangyi , Lin Hong , Wang Ting
Published: March 2022

Dietary phytochemicals play chemopreventive roles in breast cancer by activating Nrf2 signaling pathway.
Myocardial toxicity induced by silica nanoparticles in a transcriptome profile
Authors: Zhao Xinying , Xu Hailin , Li Xueyan , Li Yan , Lv Songqing , Liu Yufan , Guo Caixia , Sun Zhiwei , Li Yanbo
Published: March 2022

Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) administration via intratracheal instillation resulted in histopathological alterations and mitochondrial damage in the heart of Wistar rats, and the related toxicity mechanisms were investigated from a transcriptomic perspective.
Ring opening copolymerization of δ-valerolactone with 2-methyl-1,3-dioxane-4-one towards poly(3-hydroxypropionate-co-5-hydroxyvalerate) copolyesters
Authors: Zhang Wenli , Han Li , Liu Zhipeng , Li Yidi , Shang Jingzhao , Leng Xuefei , Li Yang , Wei Zhiyong
Published: March 2022

A straightforward strategy of ring-opening copolymerization (ROCOP) towards synthetic copolyesters.
Fluorescence detection of malachite green and cations (Cr3+, Fe3+ and Cu2+) by a europium-based coordination polymer
Authors: Kong Ya-Jie , Hou Guo-Zheng , Gong Zhao-Ning , Zhao Feng-Tan , Han Li-Juan
Published: March 2022

A europium-based CP fluorescent sensor was synthesized and exhibited excellent recognition ability for malachite green (MG) and metal cations (Cr3+, Fe3+ and Cu2+).
Synthesis of palm sheath derived-porous carbon for selective CO2 adsorption
Authors: Zhang Yan , Wei Ziqi , Liu Xing , Liu Fan , Yan Zhihong , Zhou Shangyong , Wang Jun , Deng Shuguang
Published: March 2022

Novel porous carbons were facilely prepared by activation of palm sheath for the highly selective separation of CO2 from gas mixtures.
Study on SO2 and Cl2 sensor application of 2D PbSe based on first principles calculations
Authors: Zhang Jiwei , Pang Jianhua , Chen Hui , Wei Guang , Wei Songrui , Yan Jin , Jin Shaowei
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we use 2D PbSe to design a gas sensor to monitor the presence of SO2 and Cl2. The first principle calculation shows that our scheme is feasible.
Elucidating proximity magnetism through polarized neutron reflectometry and machine learning
Authors: Andrejevic Nina , Chen Zhantao , Nguyen Thanh , Fan Leon , Heiberger Henry , Zhou Ling-Jie , Zhao Yi-Fan , Chang Cui-Zu , Grutter Alexander , Li Mingda
Published: March 2022

Polarized neutron reflectometry is a powerful technique to interrogate the structures of multilayered magnetic materials with depth sensitivity and nanometer resolution. However, reflectometry profiles often inhabit a complicated objective function landscape using traditional fitting methods, posing a significant challenge for parameter retrieval. In this work, we develop a data-driven framework to recover the sample parameters from polarized neutron reflectometry data with minimal user intervention. We train a variational autoencoder to map reflectometry profiles with moderate experimental noise to an interpretable, low-dimensional space from which sample parameters can be extracted with high resolution. We apply our method to recover the scattering length density profiles of the topological insulator–ferromagnetic insulator heterostructure Bi2Se3/EuS exhibiting proximity magnetism in good agreement with the results of conventional fitting. We further analyze a more challenging reflectometry profile of the topological insulator–antiferromagnet heterostructure (Bi,Sb)2Te3/Cr2O3 and identify possible interfacial proximity magnetism in this material. We anticipate that the framework developed here can be applied to resolve hidden interfacial phenomena in a broad range of layered systems.
Exact and many-body perturbation solutions of the Hubbard model applied to linear chains
Authors: Honet Antoine , Henrard Luc , Meunier Vincent
Published: March 2022

This study reports on the accuracy of the GW approximation for the treatment of the Hubbard model compared to exact diagonalization (ED) results. We consider not only global quantities, such as the total energy and the density of states, but also the spatial and spin symmetry of wavefunctions via the analysis of the local density of states. GW is part of the more general Green’s function approach used to develop many-body approximations. We show that, for small linear chains, the GW approximation corrects the mean-field (MF) approach by reducing the total energy and the magnetization obtained from the MF approximation. The GW energy gap is in better agreement with ED, especially in systems of an even number of atoms where, in contrast to the MF approximation, no plateau is observed below the artificial predicted phase transition. In terms of density of states, the GW approximation induces quasi-particles and side satellite peaks via a splitting process of MF peaks. At the same time, GW slightly modifies the localization (e.g., edges or center) of states. We also use the GW approximation results in the context of Löwdin’s symmetry dilemma and show that GW predicts an artificial paramagnetic–antiferromagnetic phase transition at a higher Hubbard parameter than MF does.
Design of Passive Silicon Photonic Devices
Authors: Su Yikai , Zhang Yong
Published: March 2022

In this chapter, we introduce design principles of essential building blocks of passive silicon photonics, including fiber-to-chip couplers, waveguides, directional couplers, and multimode interferometers. Then, we discuss functional passive devices that operate in wavelength, polarization, and mode dimensions. They cover an arrayed waveguide grating, a micro-ring resonator, a mode converter, a mode (de)multiplexer, multimode bend and crossing, a polarization beam splitter, a polarization rotator, and a polarization splitter and rotator.
Photonic Integrated Circuits
Authors: Su Yikai , Zhang Yong
Published: March 2022

Photonic integrated circuits based on a silicon-on-insulator platform attract much attention due to their high density integration and compatibility with the complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) fabrication process. This chapter presents two examples of integrated circuits with a focus on passive silicon photonic devices: one is related to high speed receiver and the other is on switching. We first illustrate the schematic and testing of an integrated coherent optical receiver. Edge couplers, polarization splitter-rotators, waveguide crossings, 90° hybrids, and germanium photodetectors are included in the integrated coherent receiver chip. Coherent detection of a 224-Gb/s polarization-division-multiplexed 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation signals is demonstrated using the receiver chip. We then discuss a mode-polarization-wavelength selective switch by leveraging three physical dimensions consisting of mode (de)multiplexers, polarization beam splitters, multimode interferometer, waveguide crossings, and tunable micro-ring resonators. The building blocks and the switching chip are experimentally demonstrated.
Proteomic analysis identifies potential markers in small white and small yellow follicle development in chickens
Authors: Wadood Armughan Ahmed , Pu Liping , Shahzad Qaisar , Waqas Muhammad , Yu Lintian , Liao Yuying , Rehman Saif ur , Chen Dongyang , Huang Zhenwen , Lu Yangqing
Published: March 2022

Extensive knowledge of follicular development is imperative for improving egg production in chickens. The functional role of follicles to produce oocytes (eggs) is well recognised; however, specific markers associated with follicle development have been poorly explored. Therefore, a tandem mass tag based proteomic technique was used to identify the status of the proteome of small white follicles (1–4 mm) and small yellow follicles (6–8 mm). Analysis of differentially expressed proteins (DEP, Fold Change > 1.2, P-value < 0.05) demonstrated a total of 92 proteins (n = 92), of which 35 (n = 35) were upregulated and 57 were downregulated. DEP were further used for gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. The GO analysis found that DEP were mainly associated with the RNA metabolic process, cellular component organisation, peptide biosynthetic process and protein folding, thereby suggesting a key role in the follicle development process. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment pathway analysis of the DEP substantiated the findings of GO analysis and described that DEP are involved in regulation of the cytoskeleton, carbon metabolism and amino acid biosynthesis. The validation of proteomic data through real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction suggested HSPA8, HSPA2, SOD1 and FKPB3 as potential markers of small white and small yellow follicle development. This study demonstrates an understanding of proteome dynamics and represents the most comprehensive information on the entire Guangxi Ma chicken follicular proteome.
Photometric Investigation of Contact Binary DY Cet Based on TESS Data
Authors: Yıldırım M. F.
Published: March 2022

We present a photometric analysis of the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) light curve of contact binary system DY Cet and the behavior of its orbital period variation. The light curve and published radial velocity data analysis was performed using the Wilson–Devinney code. As a result of simultaneous analysis of the light curve with radial velocity data, the masses and radii of the system’s components were determined as M
1 = 1.55 ± 0.02 M
⊙, M
2 = 0.55 ± 0.01 M
⊙ and R
1 = 1.51 ± 0.02 R
⊙, R
2 = 0.95 ± 0.02 R
⊙, respectively. The degree of contact (f) and mass ratio (q) of the system were determined as 23% and 0.355 ± 0.012, respectively. Orbital period analysis of DY Cet was conducted for the first time in this study. It was observed that the orbital period has a sinusoidal change with decreasing parabola. To explain the orbital period change, mass transfer between components is proposed with the assumption of conservative mass, and the transfer rate was calculated to be dM/dt = 1.1 × 10−7
M
⊙ yr−1. A possible third component is suggested for explaining the sinusoidal change, and the mass of the unseen component was determined as 0.13 M
⊙. The age of the DY Cet system was estimated as 3.77 Gyr.
Defect 2 spin blocks of symmetric groups and canonical basis coefficients
Authors: Fayers Matthew
Published: March 2022

This paper addresses the decomposition number problem for spin representations of symmetric groups in odd characteristic. Our main aim is to find a combinatorial formula for decomposition numbers in blocks of defect22, analogous to Richards’s formula for defect22blocks of symmetric groups.

By developing a suitable analogue of the combinatorics used by Richards, we find a formula for the corresponding “qq-decomposition numbers”, i.e. the canonical basis coefficients in the level-11qq-deformed Fock space of typeA2n(2)A^{(2)}_{2n}; a special case of a conjecture of Leclerc and Thibon asserts that these coefficients yield the spin decomposition numbers in characteristic2n+12n+1. Along the way, we prove some general results onqq-decomposition numbers. This paper represents the first substantial progress on canonical bases in typeA2n(2)A^{(2)}_{2n}.
Aminopenicillins for treatment of ampicillin-resistant enterococcal urinary tract infections
Authors: Bunnell Kristen , Duong Amy , Ringsred Thomas , Mian Asia , Bhathena Sanaya
Published: March 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this review is to describe the theory behind and data supporting use of aminopenicillins in the treatment of ampicillin-resistant enterococcal urinary tract infections.

Aminopenicillin concentrations in the urine may be high enough to achieve bacterial eradication and clinical cure for infections affecting the lower genitourinary tract, even in the context of in vitro resistance based on established susceptibility breakpoints. A literature search was conducted to identify original research articles describing the use of aminopenicillins in the treatment of urinary tract infections caused by ampicillin-resistant Enterococcus species. Three published retrospective cohort studies were identified, all of which reported that aminopenicillins had similar rates of clinical cure as other antibiotic classes prescribed for the treatment of enterococcal urinary tract infections.

Conclusion

Both pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic principles and limited retrospective clinical data support the use of aminopenicillins in the treatment of lower urinary tract infections caused by Enterococcus species, even when the isolates have a minimum inhibitory concentration that exceeds the susceptibility breakpoint.
Space, Time, and Quality: A Response to ‘Narrative and Personal Identity’
Authors: Schechtman Marya
Published: March 2022

In ‘Narrative and Personal Identity’, Mark Schroeder (2022) defends an important and exciting account of personal identity. This account starts from insights he finds in Locke and Frankfurt, but moves beyond them in ways that complicate and improve their respective notions of personhood and agency. I argue that he nonetheless retains too much from the views he rejects, especially an undue emphasis on the role of agency in personal identity and an impoverished picture of our embodiment. This paper explains the ways I think Schroeder does not go far enough, and offers an account that takes his insights a step further.
No consistent effect of daytime versus night-time measurement of thermal tolerance in nocturnal and diurnal lizards
Authors: Dufour Pauline C , Tsang Toby P N , Clusella-Trullas Susana , Bonebrake Timothy C
Published: March 2022

While essential in understanding impacts of climate change for organisms, diel variation remains an understudied component of temporal variation in thermal tolerance limits [i.e. the critical thermal minimum (CTmin) and maximum (CTmax)]. For example, a higher Ctmax might be expected for an individual if the measurement is taken during the day (when heat stress is most likely to occur) instead of at night. We measured thermal tolerance (Ctmin and Ctmax) during both the daytime and night-time in 101 nocturnal and diurnal geckos and skinks in Hong Kong and in South Africa, representing six species and covering a range of habitats. We found that period of measurement (day vs. night) only affected Ctmin in South Africa (but not in Hong Kong) and that Ctmax was unaffected. Body size and species were important factors for determining Ctmax in Hong Kong and Ctmin in South Africa, respectively. Overall, however, we did not find consistent diel variation of thermal tolerance and suggest that measurements of critical thermal limits may be influenced by timing of measurement—but that such effects, when present, are likely to be context-dependent.
Does age influence out-of-hospital cardiac arrest incidence and outcomes among women? Insights from the Paris SDEC
Authors: Lavignasse Delphine , Lemoine Sabine , Karam Nicole , Gaye Bamba , Bougouin Wulfran , Beganton Frankie , Jabre Patricia , Loeb Thomas , Agostinucci Jean-Marc , Dumas Florence , Lecarpentier Eric , Jost Daniel , Cariou Alain , Marijon Eloi , Empana Jean-Philippe , Jouven Xavier
Published: March 2022

Aims

Age and sex disparities in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) have been described. Reproductive age may have a protected effect on females vs. males, although results are conflicting. We aimed to clarify this using the Paris Sudden Death Expertise Centre (SDEC) registry.

Methods and results

The Paris SDEC registry collects OHCAs occurring in the Greater Paris Area. We included all OHCAs of presumed cardiac causes occurring between 2013 and 2018. Patients were divided into age groups: 1–13, 13–50, 50–75, and >75 years. Sex and age disparities in OHCA incidence and outcomes were analysed using multivariable negative binomial and logistic regression models. There were 19 782 OHCAs meeting inclusion criteria: 0.37% aged 1–13 years, 12.4% aged 13–50 years, 40.4% aged 50–75 years, and 46.9% aged >75 years. Adjusted incidence rate ratios (IRRs) in females vs. males were for the youngest to the older age groups: 1.29 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.78–2.13], 0.54 [0.49–0.59], 0.60 [0.56–0.64], and 0.75 [0.67–0.84]. At reproductive age, females were more likely than males to have a return of spontaneous circulation [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.60 (1.27–2.02)], to be alive at hospital admission [OR: 1.49 (1.18–1.89)]. In both sexes, patients aged 13–50 years were more likely to survive at hospital discharge than those aged 50–75 years [males: OR 1.81 (1.49–2.20), females: 2.24 (1.54–3.25)]. However, at reproductive age, no sex disparity was observed in survival at hospital discharge [OR: 1.16 (0.75–1.80)].

Conclusion

Incidence rate ratios were similar between pre- and post-menopausal aged patients. At reproductive age, no sex disparity in survival at hospital discharge was observed, suggesting that menopausal status may not influence OHCA occurrence and prognosis.
Generational Wealth Accounts: Did Public and Private Inter-Generational Transfers Offset Each Other over the Financial Crisis?
Authors: McCarthy David , Sefton James , Lee Ronald , Sambt Joze
Published: March 2022

We develop Generational Wealth Accounts (GWA): the first set of balance sheets, by generations, to include all human capital, tangible wealth, financial wealth, and transfer wealth, and the uses to which these are put, and employ them to quantify inter-generational transfers and the sustainability of consumption. Consumption plans in the UK public sector worsened over the financial crisis and are unsustainable; private sector plans improved, and are now almost balanced. Increases in private capital transfers to the young offset the effect of increased public debt. House price increases shifted resources from young to old but had little effect on sustainability.
Cabbage Insect Control, 1986
Authors: Ghidiu Gerald M.
Published: March 2022

‘Ranger’ cabbage were seeded into a Sassafras sandy loam field on 29 Jul. Plots consisted of a single row 25-ft long and 5-ft wide replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design; a guard row buffered each treated row. Treatments were applied with a tractor-mounted boom sprayer with a drop nozzle on either side of the row and one centered over the row calibrated to deliver 60 gal/acre at 40 psi operated at 2 mph. Treatments were applied 3, 10 Sep and 3 Oct. Evaluations for the various treatments included direct larval counts per 10 plants (23 Sep, 10 Oct), foliage injury ratings (expressed as % defoliation, 13 Sep), % marketable heads (clean heads with at least two undamaged wrapper leaves, 20 Oct), and head weight (24 Oct).
Imported Cabbageworm Control, 1986
Authors: Gurecki Thomas , Smilowitz Zane , Rebarchak Paul
Published: March 2022

‘Rio Verde’ seeds were planted 23 Jun in a Hagerstown silt loam soil in Centre County, PA. Seedling cabbage was thinned to 9 inch spacing on 23 Jul. Row spacing was 36 inches. Plots were 17 ft long by 3 rows wide plus one buffer row and were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Insecticides were applied 8 and 20 Sept using a C02-pressurized Bak-Pak sprayer delivering 32 gal/acre at 22 psi. Imported cabbageworm (ICW) larvae were sampled on 10 plants per plot. At harvest (10 Oct) 10 heads/plot were rated for insect damagt using a 1-6 scale: (1 = no apparent insect feeding, 6 = severe head and leaf damage). A rating > 3 was considered not suitable for fresh market. Rainfall totalled 5.00 inches for Jul, 2.18 inches for Aug, and 4.94 inches for Sept. Average weekly maximum and minimum temperatures (°F) were 91 and 51 for Jul, 83 and 45 for Aug, and 82 and 41 for Sept, respectively.
Cabbage Insect Control, 1986
Authors: Whalen J. , Breeding R.
Published: March 2022

‘Bravo’ cabbage was transplanted on 31 Jul near Georgetown, DE. Two row plots, 20 ft long on 30-inch centers were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied with a bicycle design, C02 pressurized sprayer with a drop nozzle on either side of the row and 1 centered over the row calibrated to deliver 59 gal/acre at 40 psi. Treatments were applied on 14, 21, and 27 Aug; 4, 12, 18 and 25 Sep; and 2 Oct. Number of larvae per 10 plants was recorded on 2 Oct. Foliage injury ratings ranged from 1-5 and were indexed as follows; 1) 0-3% damage; 2) 4-10% damaged; 3) 11-25% damaged; 4) 26-50% damaged; and 5) 51-100% damage. Yields (percent marketable heads) were taken on 8 Oct and defined as cabbage heads with no visible feeding and having at least 2 undamaged wrapper leaves.
European Corn Borer in Sweet Corn, 1986
Authors: Gurecki Thomas , Smilowitz Zane , Rebarchak Paul
Published: March 2022

‘Silver Queen’ sweet corn was planted 27 May at Rock Springs Experimental Farm, Centre County, PA. Plant spacing was 9 inches with 30 inches between rows. Plots were 3 rows x 47 ft arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Insecticides were applied 14, 26 Aug with a high-clearance sprayer delivering 30 gal/acre at 14 psi. Sweet corn was in pollen shedding stage at the first application and had an 8% European corn borer (ECB) infestation. On 2 Sep, 25 ears per plot were selected and examined for signs of insect feeding externally (silks and sides) and internally (kernels and ear tips). Numbers of ECB larvae were counted. Stalk damage caused by ECB was assessed by splitting 10 stalks/plot and counting the number of cavities. Rainfall totalled 3.75 inches for Jun, 5.00 inches for Jul, and 2.18 inches for Aug. Average daily maximum and minimum temperatures (°F) were 84 and 39 for Jun, 91 and 51 for Jul, and 83 and 45 for Aug, respectively.
Corn Earworm Control on Sweet Corn in Louisiana, 1986
Authors: Kakar R. S. , Bachireddy V. R. , Story R. N.
Published: March 2022

A study was conducted at the Southern University Farm, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA in late spring of 1986 to evaluate the efficacy of certain compounds for the control of corn earworm. Sweet corn hybrid ‘Biqueen’ was planted on 38-inch rows on 16 Apr with a plant spacing of 1 ft. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications of double j row plots 10 ft in length. Pesticides were applied to the ear zone with a SOLO backpack sprayer at ca. 40 psi delivering 40 gal/acre. A hollow cone nozzle containing a D-3 disc, No. 25 core, and 16 mesh strainer was used. Pesticide applications were initiated on 2 Jun at silk emergence, and applied thereafter at 3 day intervals until maturity. Ears were harvested and evaluated for earworm damage on 20 Jun. A damage rating system was used which ranged from 1 (= extreme damage) to 5 (= perfect ear). Marketable ears were defined as those ears with < 0.4 inch damage down the tip of the ear itself.
Foliar Sprays to Control Corn Earworms, Fall Armyworms, Dusky Sap Beetle and European Corn Borers in | Sweet Corn, 1986
Authors: Linduska James J. , Harrison Thomas S. , Harrison Floyd P. , Embrey Michael , Bean Richard , Dively Galen , Hellman John L.
Published: March 2022

‘NK-199’ sweet corn was planted in 4-row plots 50 ft in length on 2 Jun. On 4 Jun Atrazine (1.4 qt) + Lasso (1.5 qt) was applied. Distance between rows was 3 ft. Distance between plants within the row was 8 inches. Treatment plots were replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Silk sprays were applied with an International Harvester 770 Hi-Clear sprayer. The spray boom was adjusted to spray the silk area I with each row being covered by 4 nozzles. The sprayer was equipped to treat 4 rows. All treatments were mixed in 10 gal of water and applied at the rate’ of 25 gal/acre with 50 psi. Spray treatments were applied at 50% silk 24 Jul and 4 days later on 28 Jul. Plots were harvested 11 Aug and evaluated as to insect species causing injury. One hundred ears/treatment/replication were harvested and graded. Only the center 2 rows of each plot were harvested. The soil type was a Galestown sandy loam.
Apple, Mite Control, 1986
Authors: Forsythe H. Y.
Published: March 2022

Test chemicals were applied to 9- to 21-year-old apple trees at Monmouth, Maine, as dilute sprays using a hand gun and a hydraulic sprayer operating at 250 psi and at 300 (Tests 1 and 2) to 400 gal/acre (200 gal/acre for Test 2 pink treatments). Spray dates were 13-15 May (pink, P), 29 May (petal fall, PF) 12 Jun (first cover, 1C), 27 Jun (second cover, 2C), and 4-5 and 15 Aug. The standard pesticide program consisted of Difolatan 4F (5 qt/100) on 22-25 Apr, Captan 80W (1 lb) on 7 dates, Manzate 200 80W (1.3 lb) and Imidan 50W (1.1 lb) on 2 days, Pydrin 2.4EC (3.3 oz) on 3 dates, Sevin 80W (1.1 lb) on 4 dates, and Funginex 1.6EC (10 oz) on 1 date. There were no mixtures of acaricides with other pesticides. There were 4 single-tree replications for each treatment. A randomized complete block design was used, with 2 ‘Red Delicious’ and 2 ‘Cortland’ cultivars in Tests 1 and 2, and 3 ‘Red Delicious’ and 1 ‘Cortland’ in Test 3. From each tree 25 leaves were collected at chest-height around the periphery of the tree, brought into the laboratory, and brushed onto glass plates coated with a Tween 20 and alcohol mixture; mites were counted the same day. Although May was fairly warm and wet, the rest of the season was cool and wet, especially the first half of Aug (4.8 inches rain). At least a trace of rain was recorded for over half the days during the season. Of special concern was a 0.4-inch rain which fell immediately after the spray of ABG 6162 on 27 Jun (Test 3).
Apple, Insect and Mite Control, 1986
Authors: Forsythe H. Y.
Published: March 2022

Test materials were applied to 20- to 30-year-old apple trees at Monmouth, Maine, as dilute sprays using a hand gun and a hydraulic sprayer operating at 250 psi at 350 (Test 1) to 400 gal/acre. Trees were sprayed on 10 May (prepink, PP), 28 May (petal fall, PF), 12 Jun (first cover, IC), 24 Jun (second cover, 2C), 7-8 Jul (third cover, 3C), 22-24 Jul (fourth cover, 4C), 5 Aug (fifth cover, 5C), 20-21 Aug (sixth cover, 6C), as noted in the table. The fungicide program consisted of Difolatan 4F (5 qt/100) on 25 Apr (quarter-inch green), Captan 80W (1 lb) plus Benlate 50W (4 oz) on 21 May (bloom) and with Funginex 1.6EC (13 oz) on 26 May and Polyram 80W (2 lb) which was mixed with each insecticide treatment at each spray date. There were 4 single tree replicates for each treatment. A randomized complete block design was used with 2 ‘Mcintosh’ and 2 ‘Cortland’ cultivars in Test 1 and 4 ‘Mcintosh’ in Test 2. Except for test trees, the orchards were not sprayed with insecticides or acaricides. On 28 Aug, about 450 apples were picked from the 4 trees of each treatment and examined on 6 Sep for external egg punctures (AM), egg-laying scars (PC), and typical feeding injuries (CM, LAW, and TPB). ERM were counted on 25 leaves collected at chest-height around the periphery of each tree. Leaves were brought into the laboratory and brushed onto glass plates coated with a Tween 20 and alcohol mixture; mites were counted the same day. Aphid counts were based on 10 randomly selected vegetative terminals around each tree. Numbers of live aphids on the distal 4 unfurled and 1 furled leaves and on the stem included by these leaves were recorded on 23 Jul (Test 1). Although May was fairly warm and wet, the rest of the season was cool and wet, especially the first half of Aug (4.8 inches rain). At least a trace of rain was recorded for over half the days during the season.
European Corn BORER (ECB), Corn Earworm (CEW) and Fall Armyworm (FAW) Control on Sweet Corn, 1986
Authors: Weber Donald C. , Ferro David N. , Tuttle Arthur F. , Mclntire James R.
Published: March 2022

Corn was planted 16 Jun in South Deerfield, MA in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Rows were 3 ft apart, 25 ft long, and plants were spaced 9 inches apart in the row with 4 rows per plot. Three-hundred lb/acre of 10N:10P:10K were incorporated at planting, with a side dressing of 50 lb N/acre (as urea, with cultivation) on 15 Jul. Atrazine at 1.2 lb Al/acre and metolachlor at 1.5 lb Al/acre were soil-incorporated on 10 Jun. Insecticides were applied using a tractor-drawn sprayer equipped with drop nozzles, at 75 psi and in 180 gal water/acre. Treatments were applied on 15 and 22 Aug, 29 Aug (Asana, Asana/Nudrin, and Ambush), 2 Sep (remaining treatments), and 5 Sep. On 10 Sep, 25 ears were randomly selected from the inner 2 rows of each plot, and the number of ears infested with larvae of each pest was recorded. Only ears with damage to kernels were recorded as damaged.
Onion Thrips Control, 1986
Authors: Johnston Richard L. , Bishop Guy W.
Published: March 2022

Onions were seeded 16 Apr on 21 inch beds with a tractor-mounted air planter. Plots were single rows, 10 ft long replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design with an untreated row separating treatments. Because the thrips population was high before the experiment began, all plots were treated once on 12 Jun with Penncap-M and Guthion 2F at 0.5 and 0.75 lb (AI)/acre, respectively. Experimental foliar treatments were applied 10 and 21 Jul using a C02 pressurized sprayer delivering ca. 65 gal water/acre at 35 psi. Thrips were counted 11, 14, 21, 22 and 25 Jul. No phytotoxicity was noted in any of the treatments.
Control of Onion Thrips on Onions, 1986
Authors: Shelton A. M. , Wilsey W. T.
Published: March 2022

Onions were direct seeded on 13 May at the Entomology Vegetable Farm near Geneva, NY. Plots consisted of 2, 4 ft rows on 36 inch centers with 3 inch plant spacing. Treatments were replicated 4 times in an RCB design. A 2 row tractor-mounted boom, having 3 nozzles/row and delivering 35 gal/acre at 50 psi was used to apply a single application of each treatment. Treatments were applied on 18 Sep. Evaluations were made at 6 and 12 days post-treatment by randomly selecting 2 plants/plot, putting plants in a Berlese for 48 h, and counting the thrips with a microscope.
Control of Thrips and the Pepper Weevil on Pepper, Spring 1986
Authors: Schuster David J. , Coast Gulf
Published: March 2022

Transplants were set 13 Feb on 2.5 ft wide by 8 inches high beds of EauGallie fine sand covered with black polyethylene mulch. Plots consisted of 15 plants set in a single row on 12 inch centers. Each treatment was replicated 4 times in a randomized complete blocks design. Treatments were applied 20, 28 Mar -', 11, 18, 25 Apr, 2, 9, 16, 23 and 30 May with a 2.5 gal hand-held CO2 pressured sprayer which was operated at 40 psi and delivered 60-130 gal/acre (gallonage increased as the plants grew). On 5 May the numbers of thrips were counted in 10 flowers from each plot. Marketable fruit were harvested on 13 and 28 May. In addition, immature fruit that were at least 2 inches in diam and all abscised fruit that were at least 1 inch in diam were collected on 5 Jun. All fruit were examined for external pepper weevil feeding/ oviposition scars and internal pepper weevil feeding damage. The % of damaged and undamaged fruit were calculated and analyses of variance were performed on all data.
Control of European Corn Borer (ECB) on Green Pepper, 1985
Authors: Tuttle A. F. , Bowser P. E. , Ferro D. N.
Published: March 2022

Green peppers were transplanted to the field on 31 May in So. Deerfield, MA to fine, sandy loam soil with a pH of 7.0. Seven hundred lb fertilizer (10N:10P2O5:10K2O)/acre was sidedressed at transplanting. Each plot consisted of 2 rows 15 ft long. Rows were 3 ft apart and plants were 1.5 ft apart within each row. There were 4 replicates in a randomized complete block design. The insecticides were applied on 21 and 28 Aug and 4 and 9 Sep, with a C02 pressurized sprayer at 60 gal/acre and 40 psi. ECB damage was assessed on 19 Sep by harvesting 25 commercial-sized peppers per plot and examining them for injury.
Sweet Potato Flea Beetle and Wireworm Control, 1986
Authors: Snell J. M. , Olson S. M. , Funderburk J. E.
Published: March 2022

Insecticides were applied preplant incorporated (PPI) on 15 May in Gadsden Co., FL on Ruston fine loamy sand. Sweet potato slips were transplanted on 22 May 12 inches apart in 36 inch rows. PPI treatments were applied with a C02 backpack sprayer delivering 25 gal/acre at 30 psi. Granular layby treatments were applied on 31 Jul in 12 inch bands over the row with a ground driven gandy. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design and each plot consisted of 6-row x 30 ft. Early data was taken 15 Sep from row 2 and harvest data was taken 29 Oct from the center 20 ft of rows 3 and 4.
Control of Colorado Potato Beetle with Pydrin in Conventional Till and No-Till Transplanted Tomatoes, 1986
Authors: Linduska James J.
Published: March 2022

‘Ohio 7870’ tomato transplants were planted both no-till and conventional till in 25 ft rows on 16 May with a 2-row Holland transplanter. The planter was equipped with a 2 inch wide flutted coulter in front of each planter shoe for no-till treatments. Plots consisted of 3 rows with the center row being the record row. The distance between rows was 64 inches and the distance between plants within the row was 12 inches. No-till transplanting was made in overwintered wheat. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The soil was a Norfolk “A” loamy sand. All spray treatments were mixed in 10 gal of water and applied with a custom built row crop sprayer. Each row was covered by 6 drop nozzles delivering 50 gal/acre at 90 psi. Treatments were applied 13 Jun and 8 and 22 Jul. In evaluating the treatments, direct counts of the number of Colorado potato beetle/10 plants, % defoliation and plant height were recorded.
Control of Colorado Potato Beetle on No-Till Transplanted Tomatoes, 1986
Authors: Linduska James J.
Published: March 2022

‘Ohio 7870’ tomato transplants were planted no-till in 25 ft rows on 19 May with a 2-row Holland transplanter equipped with a 2 inch wide flutted coulter in front of each planter shoe. Plots consisted of a single treatment row buffered on each side by an untreated guard row. The distance between rows was 64 inches and the distance between plants within the row was 12 inches. Transplanting was made in overwintered wheat. The plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications.
Potato Leafhopper Control, Missouri (Northern), 1986
Authors: Bailey W. C. , Munson R. E.
Published: March 2022

Experimental plots measuring 40 × 40 ft were established in a 4-year-old stand of alfalfa at the University of Missouri’s North Missouri Center located in Grundy County. Sixteen treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied 20 Jun at 16.5 gal/acre using 8002 flat fan nozzles, 50 mesh screens, and 20 lb/square inch pressure on a 20 ft tractor-mounted boom. The alfalfa was 10-12 inches tall at treatment time with a temperature near 85°F and no wind. PLH populations were estimated by 10 (180 degree) sweeps with a 15-inch sweep net at 3, 7, 14, and 24 days posttreatment. Measurable precipitation fell on 13 of the 24 days following treatment. The data were transformed by for analytical purposes, but actual counts of potato leafhopper (PLH) nymphs and adults were combined and expressed as means in the table.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Alfalfa Weevil Larvae, 1986
Authors: DePew L. J.
Published: March 2022

The efficacy of 7 insecticides for the control of alfalfa weevil larvae was tested at the Southwest Kansas Branch Experiment Station near Garden City, KS. Plots measuring 3.6 m X 9.0 m were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Treatments were applied on 11 Apr when alfalfa was 25.4 cm tall. Insecticides were applied using a C02-activated, 1.8 cm boom sprayer fitted with hollow-cone nozzles (6x) centered on 48.3 cm. All treatments were applied at a pressure of 2.1 kg/cm2 and at a rate of 165.5 liters/ha. Temperature at application (early morning) was 10.0°C. Larval densities were determined from 20 stems randomly selected from each plot on each of 4 sampling dates. Larvae were extracted from the foliage by shaking the plant stems against the side of a white plastic bucket prior to counting. Total rainfall from the time of application to final posttreatment evaluation was 1.50 cm.
Apple, Kelthane Phytotoxicity Study, 1986
Authors: Hogmire Henry W.
Published: March 2022

Three formulations were applied at 3 lb Al/acre to 5 tree plots of 22-year-old trees in a single row. Applications were made with a Swanson DA500A airblast sprayer which traveled at 3.86 k/hr and delivered 935 1/ha. Dates of application were 9 May (petal fall) and 3 Jun. Other materials applied separately to all treatments were Benlate, Bordeaux mixture, Captan, Cygon, Dithane M-45, Dithane Z-78, Cuthion, Lannate, Lorsban, Nudrin, Oil, Penncap-M, Phosphamidon, Polyram, Solubor, Streptomycin, Topsin-M and Trithion. Both leaves and fruit were examined for phytotoxicity. The degree of russeting (finish rating) was determined by sampling 100 fruit from each of 5 replications at harvest.
Alfalfa Weevil and Pea Aphid Control in Louisiana, 1986
Authors: Quisenberry Sharron , Wilson Howard , Rabb James L. , Micinski Steve
Published: March 2022

An insecticide efficacy test was conducted at the Red River Research Station on a stand of ‘Fla 77’ alfalfa. Treatments were applied during the vegetative growth stage when plants were ca. 16 cm tall. Plots, 9.0 by 4.5 m, were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Insecticide sprays were applied on 6 Mar with a CO2 backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 161.5 liters/ha, using 8002 flat-fan nozzles on a 2.1 m boom. Conditions at treatment were <8 krn/h wind with air and water temperatures of ca. 17°C and 14°C, respectively. Samples were obtained at pretreatment and at 3, 7, 14 and 21 days posttreatment with a 38-cm diam sweep-net by taking 10 pendulum sweeps per plot. Each sample was bagged and frozen for later separation and counting.
Control of Alfalfa Weevil Larvae in Tennessee, 1986
Authors: Shamiyeh N. B.
Published: March 2022

Twenty-five insecticide treatments were evaluated in a 4-yr-old stand of alfalfa at the Middle Tennessee Experiment Station, Spring Hill. Plots were 20 × 20 ft replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Blocks were separated by 15 ft alleys. Furadan 4 F (1.0 lb (Al)/acre) was applied on 6 Mar when the alfalfa was in the stubble stage. All other treatments were applied on 4 Apr when 90% of the tips were infested. Insecticides were applied using a tractor mounted CO2-powered 10 ft boom sprayer at the rate of 30 gal/acre. Insect samples were collected on 7, 11 and 18 Apr using a 15 inch insect net and consisted of 5 pendulum sweeps from each plot. Pre-treatment means were 16 alfalfa weevil larvae (AWL) per 5 sweeps. A 5 × 20 ft strip was harvested from the middle of each plot on 6 May. Subsamples were dried for yield determinations.