bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of a Teaching Strategy According to Nardo's Developed Model of Algebraic Thinking in Middle School Students
Authors: Al-Bahadli Nouras Kareem Mohammed , Risen Hassan Kamil
Published: June 2024

The objective of the research is to know the impact of a teaching strategy according to the Nardo's developed model of algebraic thinking among middle second graders and to achieve the research objective the two researchers selected divisions of (a, b) From (Mediterranean Zayn al-Abidin -A - Boys) of Baghdad/Karakh Education Directorate II for the academic year (2023-2024) The Division (a) represents the control group and includes (31) students who have studied in the usual manner, and a Division (b) The pilot group included (33) students studied according to the teaching strategy according to the Nardo developer model, and the two groups were rewarded (Control and experimental) in variables (pre-year attainment (2022-2023), previous knowledge in mathematics, intelligence) The researchers built the research tool with a algebraic thinking test in mathematics and included (33) Objective paragraph (multiple choice), verified its honesty and consistency as well as Cychometric properties. Results analysed using statistical means. After the duration of the trial, the test tool applied to the two groups (Experimental and control) The results showed that the students of the experimental group outperformed the students of the control group in the algebraic thinking test.
Strategic Management of Financial and Economic Security: Modern Challenges and Threats in a Hyperdynamic External Environment
Authors: Nikonenko Uliana , Khalina Olena , Bondaruk Oleh , Nikolchuk Yulia , Ozarko Kateryna
Published: June 2024

The main purpose of the article is to increase the efficiency of strategic management of the financial and economic security of a modern enterprise in the face of new challenges and threats. The object of the study is the system of financial and economic security of a modern company. The scientific task is to assess modern surpluses and threats in the system of ensuring the financial and economic security of an enterprise. The research methodology involves the use of modern methods of system analysis, pairwise comparison and hierarchical analysis to assess challenges and threats. As a result, a matrix of the most significant challenges and threats in the system of ensuring the financial and economic security of a modern enterprise was built. The innovativeness of the results obtained is revealed through the proposed methodological approach to assessing and streamlining challenges and threats in the system of ensuring the financial and economic security of a modern enterprise.
The Terrorism and International Public Law
Authors: Hamzah Asaad Ghali
Published: June 2024

Despite the international community's interest in terrorism, it has not been able to develop a consistent and comprehensive definition of terrorism or to achieve tangible results on the ground concerning its definition of the phenomenon of terrorism because this concept is intertwined with other concepts such as patriotism, nationalism, and legitimacy. This article determines the nature of terrorism, and its elements, and characteristics independent of other crimes, The study aims to clarify points of disagreement and agreement between Arab and Western viewpoints, And both of them agreed that the goal of terrorism is to create a state of terror and panic among the population, However, they differ as to whether the liberation movements have a legitimate or terrorist character, which is reflected in the definition of terrorism by each of the two parties in their internal laws, not to mention the dispute that arose at the level of international forums, including the UN. Despite the many causes, forms, types, and objectives of terrorism, they agree about the element of violence, creating a state of chaos in the targeted societies, and trying to change regimes.
Environmental Assessment of Noise Pollution from Dhu Qar Oil Refinery
Authors: Al-Maryani Abbas Zaguir Muhesin , Al-Ghazi M. Mohammed Badr Jasim
Published: June 2024

15 sites have been identified for measuring noise pollution resulting from an in-situ oil refinery in public places (perimeter where workers move), and inside buildings (places where workers practice their profession) And another close to the residential areas of the refinery, where the measurement results showed that the locations of the study area exceeded most of them the permissible environmental determinant of noise and proved this through the questionnaire form of the employees where the percentage was recorded (49%) of the study sample has hearing impairment, and 83.2% suffer from sleep disorders and disturbing dreams. The results of the field study showed that there was a discrepancy in the noise level of the Dhu Qar Oil Refinery's measurement sites, with the highest noise level recorded during the summer (July 2023) and winter (January 2024), near the asphalt unit (the highest aspect) with a noise rate of 103 decibels.
International Political Dynamics and Islamic Jurisprudence: Understanding the Roots of Terrorism
Authors: Ali Muhamed
Published: June 2024

This paper critically examines the intricate challenges involved in defining terrorism, emphasizing the political instrumentalization of Islam as a perceived threat. It delves into the multifaceted nature of terrorism by exploring various definitions and the underlying political motivations. The study then transitions to an in-depth analysis of Islamic jurisprudence's unequivocal stance against violence and terrorism, highlighting the consistent and unanimous condemnation by Islamic scholars. By scrutinizing the ethical principles that govern warfare in Islam, including the protection of non-combatants and the conditions under which violence is permissible, the paper offers a nuanced and comprehensive perspective on how Islamic teachings fundamentally oppose terrorism. This analysis is supported by references to primary Islamic texts (Quran and Hadith) and classical jurisprudential sources, ensuring a thorough understanding of Islamic legal principles. Furthermore, the paper addresses the broader socio-political implications of framing Islam as synonymous with terrorism. It examines the impact of this narrative on public perceptions, policy-making, and the rise of Islamophobia. The study also considers the strategic motivations behind this framing, particularly in the context of post-9/11 geopolitical dynamics and the subsequent "War on Terror." This paper aims to explore Islamic teachings that prohibit violence and terrorism, the debates among Islamic scholars regarding the punishment for such acts, and the geopolitical motivations behind portraying Islam as a threat. By doing so, it seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of the impact of this framing on international relations, public perceptions, and counter-terrorism strategies. The paper concludes with a set of strategic recommendations aimed at promoting accurate representations of Islam. These recommendations emphasize the importance of nuanced and informed public discourse, the role of educational initiatives in dispelling myths and stereotypes, and the need for collaborative international efforts to enhance global counter-terrorism strategies. Additionally, the paper calls for fostering international cooperation to address the root causes of terrorism, such as political repression, socio-economic inequalities, and foreign interventions, thereby promoting a more just and peaceful global order.
The Punitive Exacerbation: A Fallacy in the Conception of the Social State of Law
Authors: Cabrera Maria Alexandra Ruiz
Published: June 2024

This article aims to highlight the obstacles faced by negotiation methods within the reward system and restorative justice contemplated in Law 906 of 2004 of Colombia. It acknowledges that the possibility of achieving outcomes within figures such as plea bargains and pre-agreements is discarded as a negotiated way out of the criminal case due to increasing prohibitions, coincidentally for the most committed crimes in Colombia territory. This turns the criminal justice system into a scenario of inexorable oral trials, for which the burdens in capacity, institutionalization, and functionality are not given. Through these lines, we also seek to understand the importance of the emergence of a legal figure, in this case, a trial system, and the challenges it faces from the producing country to provide a post-implementation assessment. Perhaps from there, possible solutions can be derived, especially if a justice reform is proposed for the current year, 2024, with its main focus on the proper and swift performance of the trial system as a commitment to the opportune management of ius puniendi and criminal policy.
The Prevalence of Bacterial Urinary Tract Infections Among School-age Children
Authors: Hantoosh Saad M.
Published: June 2024

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common and serious bacterial infection in children. The current study aims at identifying the most prevalent symptoms and pathogenic bacteria linked to urinary tract infections in school-aged children in Al-Muthanna Province. Between October 2023 and April 2024, a urine samples were collected from 685 (417 female and 268 male) students across three age groups: 129 (19%) (6-12 years), 240 (35%) (>12-14 years), and 316 (46%) (>14-18 years) with symptoms of urinary tract infection. Female students (345) were significantly more affected by bacterial infections compared to male students (182), χ² (df=1, N=685) = 20.2, p < .001. In cases of UTI symptom onset, the likelihood of bacterial UTIs is 1.9 times higher for children aged >12-14 and 3.2 times higher for those aged >14-18 compared to children aged 6-12. The prevalence of symptomatic UTIs among schoolchildren increases with age, from 62% to 83.9% across different age groups. Among female students aged 6-18 with UTI symptoms, 82.7% had a bacterial UTI, compared to 67.9% of male students. Over 5% of schoolchildren without bacterial UTI exhibit moderate to marked pyuria. Hematuria percentages were comparable between individuals with and without bacterial UTIs. The average pH tended to be acidic for both groups, with infected individuals having a pH less than six and uninfected individuals having a pH less than seven. Escherichia coli was the predominant infectious followed by Enterococcus faecalis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa at rates of 74%, 41%, 33%, 36%, 29% and 19%, respectively. Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis occurred at a frequency of 12% and 8%, respectively, while Streptococcus agalactiae occurred at a frequency of 3%.
Study Of Cows Of The Golshtin Breed By Comparing Generally Known Indicators During The Second Lactation
Authors: Daughter Mirsaidova Zukhra Shukhrat , Nayimovich Khujamov Zhurabek
Published: June 2024

This article examines and compares the milk production of Holstein cows from Dutch, German, and Danish selection based on their constitution. The study focuses on milk yield, milk fat, milk protein yield, and 4% milk yield per 100 kg of live weight. Data was provided.
Harnessing CRISPR-Cas for Targeted Epigenetic Manipulations: a physiological study of Gene Regulation
Authors: Hmood Qammar Shaker
Published: June 2024

Genome engineering, epigenome editing, as one of the prominent research techniques, has also become instrumental in discovering the gene expression regulation mechanisms and exploring their physiological correlates in health and pathology. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art CRISPR-Cas strategies that focus on epigenetics modification and projects its utility in molecular physiology of gene regulation. In this course we will delve into how CRISPR-Cas systems interact with epigenetic signals through DNA methylation, histone modifications and accessibility to chromatin. Then we look at the physiological effects of epigenetic modulations in cellular differentiation and development, cellular signal and homeostasis, disease pathogenesis, and therapeutic for application. Issues and perspectives on how epigenome manipulations can revolutionize therapeutics are also emphasized exploring the potential of precision medicine and individualized therapies. Overall, the review stresses the pivotal role of epigenetic modulation in the development of our understanding of gene expressions/mediation and cellular physiology. It also provides some inputs on the potential directions that the field of genetic engineering might take in the future.
Strategies For The Treatment Of Chronic Bronchitis In Children, Taking Into Account Sexual Development
Authors: Sharipova Oliya , Bakhronov Sherzod
Published: June 2024

A study was carried out to study the characteristics of sexual development and measures of secondary prophylaxis in patients with chronic bronchitis. The study included 84 children with chronic bronchitis aged 10 to 16 years. Of them, 37 (44%) are girls and 47 (56%) are boys. Moderate - severe course of the disease was revealed in 43 (51,2%) children, severe - in 41 (48,8%). It was revealed that chronic bronchitis adversely affects the sexual development of children of both sexes. The pace of development of secondary sexual characteristics occurs gradually and does not complete until the end of puberty. The comprehensive stage-by-stage secondary prophylaxis we proposed for children with chronic bronchitis disease contributed to the improvement of both the underlying disease and sexual development.
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Training and Mindfulness Skills Training on Reducing Traditional and Cyber Bullying Among High School Students in Tehran
Authors: Yazdani Sarijeh Fereshteh , Yousefi Emad , Khajeh Pour Leila
Published: June 2024

Background and Aim: Academic problems affect students' performance inside and outside the learning environment. Therefore, it is necessary to employ interventions based on novel and tested methods. This study examines the "effectiveness of emotion regulation training and mindfulness skills training on reducing traditional and cyberbullying among high school students in Tehran." Methods: The present study is a quasi-experimental research with a pretest-posttest and follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population consisted of high school students in Tehran, and the sampling method was multi-stage cluster sampling. Two schools and 45 students were randomly selected as the research sample. They were randomly assigned to three groups of 15. The data obtained through the questionnaire were analyzed using SPSS 25 software. Results: During the emotion regulation training period, there was a significant difference between the pretest and posttest mean scores of traditional bullying, and the pretest and posttest mean scores of cyberbullying. Additionally, during the mindfulness training period, the pretest mean scores of traditional bullying showed a significant reduction in the posttest, as did the pretest mean scores of cyberbullying. In the control group, there was no significant difference between the pretest mean score of traditional bullying (90.07) and the posttest, nor between the pretest mean score (40.07) and the posttest of cyberbullying. Conclusion: The results showed that emotion regulation skills and mindfulness were effective in reducing traditional and cyberbullying among students, with no significant difference between the impact of emotion regulation and mindfulness on traditional bullying. Mindfulness training reduces violence in students. Mindful individuals possess problem-solving skills, actively seek methods to solve their problems, monitor them, and better overcome situational obstacles and problems in life. Therefore, violence is a characteristic of individuals with low mindfulness and emotion regulation who lack problem-solving skills.
Measurement of Beta and Theta Brain Wave Coherence with Cardiac Wave Rhythm in Managers with Rational Decision-Making Style Based on Emotional Intelligence through ERT Cognitive Task
Authors: Farrokhi Rad Marzieh , Bagher Salimi Saeed , Azadehdel Mohammad Reza
Published: June 2024

Objective: Since human life and society depend on brain functions, our understanding of the brain and mind can significantly impact all dimensions of human life. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to assess the coherence of brain waves (EEG) and cardiac wave rhythms (HRV) based on neuroscientific and neurocardiology principles. Methods and Materials: This research utilized an experimental design, specifically a quasi-experimental approach without a control group, and was applied in nature. The statistical population consisted of managers (90 individuals) from both public and private sectors in Gilan Province in 2022. From this population, 30 individuals were randomly selected. Their brain waves and cardiac rhythms were simultaneously recorded in both resting and decision-making states from the CZ region of the brain and triangular regions around the heart using the ProComp 2 neurofeedback tool while performing the emotional intelligence assessment test. The research instrument included the ERT cognitive test (Emotional Recognition Task) designed by Cambridge University in 1980 and administered through the Cantab software and BioGraph Infiniti version 0.6 software. For the purposes of this study, the cognitive task was provided to participants via software. The data were analysed using analysis of variance and mean comparison test via SPSS-26. Findings: The correlation test of brain waves and cardiac waves in resting and cognitive task states showed significant differences. No coherence between EEG and ECG was observed in the resting state compared to the cognitive task state. Conclusion: The results indicate that changes in brain waves and cardiac waves, and the coherence between these waves, vary among managers with similar decision-making styles. These variations depend on the environmental, mental, and emotional conditions of the individuals.
Comparison of Early Maladaptive Schemas and Difficulty in Emotion Regulation Among Adolescent Boys and Girls With and Without Marijuana Use
Authors: Dehghani Mojgan , Mohammadpanah Ardakan Azra , Moraveji Mahtab
Published: June 2024

Objective: This study aimed to explain the mediating role of academic engagement in the relationship between goal orientation, academic burnout, and academic procrastination among high school students. Methods and Materials: The research method was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population included all female high school students in Ardakan County during the 2020-2021 academic year. A sample of 294 students was selected using convenience sampling based on the Morgan table. The instruments used in this study were the Solomon and Rothblum Academic Procrastination Questionnaire (1984), the Breso et al. Academic Burnout Questionnaire (1997), the Elliot and McGregor Goal Orientation Questionnaire (2001), and the Fredricks et al. Academic Engagement Questionnaire (2004). Findings: The results showed a positive and significant relationship between academic engagement and the variables of mastery-approach and performance-approach. There was an inverse and significant relationship between academic engagement and the variables of mastery-avoidance and performance-avoidance. Academic engagement had an inverse and significant relationship with academic procrastination and academic burnout. The indirect relationships of mastery-approach and performance-approach variables through academic engagement with academic procrastination and academic burnout were inverse and significant. The indirect relationships of mastery-avoidance and performance-avoidance variables through academic engagement with academic procrastination and academic burnout were positive and significant (p < .05). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that academic engagement influences goal orientation, academic procrastination, and academic burnout. It is suggested that planners, officials, and counselors in the education system take the necessary actions to foster academic engagement.
Presenting a Structural Model of Resilience Based on Psychological Optimism with the Mediating Role of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies in Parents of Children with Cancer
Authors: Rezaei Soheila , Kashani Vahid Leila , Asaseh Maryam , Afrooz Gholamali , Shekarchi Babak
Published: June 2024

Objective: The present study aimed to present a structural model of resilience based on psychological optimism with the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies in parents of children with cancer. Methods and Materials: The research method is descriptive and correlational, utilizing structural equation modeling (SEM). The statistical population of this study included all parents of children with cancer under the care of the Mahak Institute in 2022, whose children were undergoing chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hormone therapy, and were in the treatment process. The sample size was considered to be 250 individuals, selected through convenience sampling. In the end, 236 completed and eligible questionnaires were obtained. The primary data for this study were collected using the Resilience Questionnaire (Connor & Davidson, 2003), the Life Orientation Questionnaire (Scheier & Carver, 2015), and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Garnefski et al., 2001). Descriptive statistics (central indices, skewness-kurtosis) and inferential statistics, including structural equation modeling, were used to analyze the data. Findings: The results of the study, through correlation and regression tests, indicated that the structural model of the relationship between resilience and psychological optimism with the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies in parents of children with cancer fits well. Cognitive emotion regulation strategies do not mediate the relationship between resilience and psychological optimism in parents of children with cancer. Conclusion: Resilience, psychological optimism, and cognitive emotion regulation strategies, as an intertwined set, play a fundamental role in overcoming psychological and emotional disturbances in parents of children with cancer.
LAPARASCOPIC VERSUS OPEN MESH REPAIR FOR RECURRENT INGUINAL HERNIA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Gabriel Kevin , Junior Berhimpon Siemon
Published: June 2024

Background: Inguinal hernia is one of the most common conditions seen in clinic, and is often treated through the general surgery department. Laparoscopic repair and open repair with mesh are the typical treatments for inguinal hernia, and both regimens have proved beneficial in treating inguinal hernia. However, recurrence, with a rate as high as 33, poses a significant problem to the effective treatment of inguinal hernia.
The aim: This study aims to show about laparascopic versus open mesh repair for recurrent inguinal hernia.
Methods: By comparing itself to the standards set by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020, this study was able to show that it met all of the requirements. So, the experts were able to make sure that the study was as up-to-date as it was possible to be. For this search approach, publications that came out between 2013 and 2023 were taken into account. Several different online reference sources, like Pubmed and SagePub, were used to do this. It was decided not to take into account review pieces, works that had already been published, or works that were only half done.
Result: In the PubMed database, the results of our search brought up 10 articles, whereas the results of our search on SagePub brought up 60 articles. The results of the search conducted for the last year of 2013 yielded a total 2 articles for PubMed and 14 articles for SagePub. The result from title screening, a total 1 articles for PubMed and 10 articles for SagePub. In the end, we compiled a total of 7 papers. We included five research that met the criteria.
Conclusion: The laparoscopic approach is superior to the open mesh approach for the repair of recurrent inguinal hernia in some aspects, including the incision infection rate and length of hospital stay. However, more high-quality studies on the effects of laparoscopic and open mesh repair for the treatment of recurrent inguinal hernia are warranted.
The Impact of Rice Sharing Service on Traditional Taxy Market: Meta-analysis
Authors: Dewi Kemala , Aris Krisdiyanto  , Dewanto  , Sidrotun Na'im  , Diah Fatma Sjoraida
Published: June 2024

This study aims to analyze the impact of rice sharing services on the traditional taxi market through a meta-analysis. Rice-sharing services have grown rapidly in recent years, offering cheaper and more convenient transportation alternatives for consumers. The study pooled and analyzed the results of 10 studies examining the impact of rice-sharing services on the traditional taxi market. The results of the meta-analysis showed that rice sharing services had a significant negative impact on the income and number of traditional taxi passengers with an effect size value of 0.712. This effect is stronger in developing countries and in large cities. Subgroup analysis showed that the impact of rice-sharing services was greater on economy-class taxis and taxis operating on popular routes. Nan Berbagi Rice has disrupted the traditional taxi market and led to a decline in revenue and the number of traditional taxi riders. The findings have important implications for the taxi industry and policymakers looking to formulate regulations for rice-sharing services.
Optimal Control and Cost Effectiveness Analysis for the Transmission Dynamics of Yaws Infection
Authors: Abdullahi Alhassan , Samuel Musa
Published: June 2024

This work considered a neglected bacterial disease for which non-linear model of yaws infection with time dependent control measures was developed to study the effect of the control measures in tackling the disease transmission in the population. Optimal control strategy was developed in order to investigate and analyze the optimal cost for controlling the transmission of the diseases in the population. Pontryagin’s Maximum Principles (PMP) was applied to carry out economic evaluations in order to optimize the cost of the intervention in the models and also to optimize the objective functional so as to establish the most optimal control strategy in tackling the spread of the infections. Numerical simulations had been carried-out for the model using forward-backward Runge-Kutta of order four to study the effect of the control strategies and also to calculate the incremental cost effectiveness ratios (ICERs) for the implementation of various combinations of the control parameters for the yaws infection in order to determine the most cost effective strategy that could check the spread of the disease. The findings showed that the most cost-effective strategy to check the spread of yaws infection is the combination of personal hygiene and treatment for infection as a single control strategy
Two-Stage Least Squares and Three-Stage Least Squares in Modelling Nigerian Economic Growth
Authors: Osaro Aideyan D. , Uche Okeke J. , Nenker Ngutor
Published: June 2024

Every Country strives to attain economic stability. In a bid to achieve this, several economic indices are explored to make this a reality. This study focused on analysis of two stage and three stage least squares (2SLS and 3SLS) in modeling Nigerian economic growth. Considering the limitations of ordinary least squares (OLS) in dealing with simultaneous equations, we explored the use of two stage and three stage least squares which are more robust methods for this purpose. A secondary data was obtained from Central Bank of Nigeria bullion and the National Bureau of Statistics bulletin to investigate the relationship among economic growth, capital inflow and external debt servicing. Models for GDP, external debt servicing and capital inflow were obtained using R and Microsoft excel statistical packages. The study shows with coefficients of 3.9159 and -6.1878, that foreign debt- servicing has negative impact on GDP in the 2SLS and 3SLS models respectively: which is not significant in the 2SLS but significant in the 3SLS model. Also, GDP has negative, though significant effect on capital inflow with coefficient of -0.010495 and -0.0139109 in the 2SLS and 3SLS models respectively: a pointer to the effects of insecurity in Nigerian economic growth. The study recommends that Government should deplete existing external debt stock, increase utilization of capital stock and labour force, reduce borrowing rate, resort to alternative ways of enhancing both current and recurrent expenditures and deal with insecurity.
Seed Germination of Syzygium Cumini (Java Plum) Under Different Desiccation Period in Borno State, Nigeria
Authors: Gupa, M.A.  , Garba M.  , Sa’idu M.  , Adamu A.  , Muhammad A.H.
Published: June 2024

The study assessed seed germination of Syzygium cumini commonly known as Java plum or Malmo in Hausa under different desiccation periods in Maiduguri, Borno State. Understanding the germination behaviour of its seeds under different desiccation periods is essential for effective propagation and conservation efforts. Fresh seeds of S. cumini were collected, and subjected to different desiccation periods (fresh, one, two and three weeks). Germination percentage, height measurement and stem diameter were recorded and analyzed. The result showed that, 44%, 52%, 64%, 68%, 76% and 80% germinated at 10,11,12.13,14 and 15 DAS respectively while 100% of the fresh seeds germinated at 18 DAS. About 4% of the one-week desiccated seeds germinated at 23 DAS and16%, and 28%, 64%, and 76% germinated at 24, 27, 28, and 29 DAS respectively, while 100% of the one-week desiccated seeds germinated at 31 DAS. The height of the fresh seed reached 21.76cm at 60 DAE and 18.90cm height at 60 DAE during one-week desiccated period of S. cumini seed. The results indicated that seed germination was influenced by the duration of desiccation. Fresh seeds exhibited a higher germination percentage and faster germination compared to seeds desiccated for longer periods. The study provides valuable insights into the germination behaviour of S. cumini seeds under different desiccation periods, emphasizing the importance of proper seed handling and storage for successful propagation. It was recommended that fresh seeds for S. cumini were best for germination and growth performance.
Comparative Analysis of Indoor Air Quality in Coal Mining Communities During Wet and Dry Seasons in the Coal Mining Belt of Kogi East, Nigeria
Authors: Osseini Ukwenya Enock , Muhammed Rabiu , J.A. Edicha  , S.M. Hassan
Published: June 2024

This study investigates the indoor air quality in coal mining communities during wet and dry seasons in the coal mining belt of Kogi East, Kogi State, Nigeria. The research was conducted at selected coal mining sites, specifically the Ika-Ogboyaga and Okaba mine sites, using a randomized sampling method. Indoor air quality data were collected from fifteen households in Ika and Odele villages within a 500-meter radius of the mining sites. Monitoring was performed using the Gasman autosampler to measure concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), sulphur dioxide (SO₂), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulphide (H₂S), and particulate matter (PM₂.5 and PM₁₀). Data collection spanned 7 days each for the wet season (October 2022) and the dry season (February 2023), with measurements taken thrice daily. Meteorological parameters such as temperature, wind speed, wind direction, and relative humidity were also recorded. The results indicated higher pollutant concentrations during the dry season. For instance, PM₂.5 levels in Ika during the wet season were 45.3±0.25 μg/m³ (morning), 74.6±0.49 μg/m³ (afternoon), and 56.26±0.1 μg/m³ (evening), while dry season values were 48.32±1.74 μg/m³ (morning), 74.12±0.30 μg/m³ (afternoon), and 56.9±0.75 μg/m³ (evening). Similarly, PM₁₀ levels in Ika during the wet season were 73.61±1.44 μg/m³ (morning), 105.53±0.44 μg/m³ (afternoon), and 99.01±0.5 μg/m³ (evening), whereas dry season values were 75.47±0.70 μg/m³ (morning), 102.08±1.48 μg/m³ (afternoon), and 96.98±1.33 μg/m³ (evening). CO concentrations in Ika during the wet season were 4.22±0.22 ppm (morning), 6.13±0.3 ppm (afternoon), and 3.1±0.05 ppm (evening), and during the dry season, they were 5.55±1.74 ppm (morning), 8.11±1.46 ppm (afternoon), and 7.04±1.184 ppm (evening). Meteorological analysis showed that the dry season had higher wind speeds (2-4 m/s) compared to the wet season (0-2 m/s), and lower relative humidity (mean of 51.18%) compared to the wet season (mean of 77.55%). Air Quality Index (AQI) values indicated that PM₂.5 levels in both seasons were unhealthy (155.8-156.4 in the wet season and 151-200 in the dry season), while PM₁₀ levels were moderate (65.5-66.9 in the wet season and 51-100 in the dry season). CO, NO₂, and SO₂ levels generally remained within permissible limits set by the World Health Organization (WHO). Statistical analysis revealed significant seasonal variations in the concentrations of the monitored pollutants, with higher levels typically recorded during the dry season.
Estimation of Some Major and Trace Elements in Human Hair in the Vicinity of Ashaka Cement Factory, Gombe State, Nigeria
Authors: Mohammed Kamisu , Alkali Babangida , Mohammed Shamsuddeen
Published: June 2024

This study aimed to estimate some major and trace elements in human hair samples obtained from humans living in the vicinity of Ashaka Cement Factory, Gombe State to identify the proportion of some major and trace elements in human hair samples. The samples collected from humans were kept in air-tight polyethene bags immediately. Then, they were washed with detergent to remove external dust and socked in distilled water for 10 minutes and transferred it into Acetone to remove stubborn dirt. The samples were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) after several processes of determination and the graphical solution was plotted using MATLAB software package 2018a. The result of the analysis shows that 0.0091 ± 0.184, 0.169 ± 0.15, 0.16 ± 0.0102, 0.0014 ± 0.0025 mg/kg for Ca, Fe, Mg, Na and 0.085 ± 0.38, 0.0049 ± 0.0046, 0.0091 ± 0.0029, 0.099 ± 0.0069 mg/kg for Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd in human hair samples obtained in the vicinity of Ashaka cement factory. The findings of the study is greatly importance to the entire society, especially those in the area of Ashaka cement factory and it also informs people about the positive and negative effects of trace elements on human life. Based on this result, it is recommended amongst other things that, there should be a need for a study on the assessment of the elements content of cement dust using a variety of analytical approaches since; some of the elements such as Al, Si, Ni, and Hg were not detected in the sample obtained in the study using atomic absorption spectrometry.
An Evaluation of the Socio-Economic Implications of the Parable of the Unfaithful Servant in Luke 16:1-12
Authors: Igbakua Iorjaah , Adagba Manasseh Terhile
Published: June 2024

The parable of the unfaithful servant in Luke 16:1-12 has been a subject of scholarly debate. There is no consensus among scholars regarding its meaning and socio-economic context. Some scholars argue that the parable reflects a critique of the wealthy exploiting the poor, while others see it as teaching shrewdness in financial matters. This paper examined the socio-economic implications of the parable so as to establish its economic and social realities. It analysed the parable's historical, social, and economic background. Data was collected from existing literature on the parable and related topics. Content analysis was used to identify key themes and patterns in the data. The study found that the parable reflects the economic realities of the first-century Greco-Roman world, where the wealthy landowners exploited their tenants and servants. The parable criticises this system and emphasises the importance of wise financial management. The findings also indicated that the Parable remains relevant today because it challenges individuals and institutions to act in ways that promote the common good and contribute to sustainable development due to its call for justice and equity and the importance of debt forgiveness, responsible stewardship, ethical decision-making, accountability, and a shift in values towards relationships and justice. The study has contributed to knowledge by shedding light on the historical and social contexts of the parable and provides a nuanced understanding of its message. It recommends that scholars of Christian ethics should pay closer attention to the socio-economic context of biblical texts to better understand their message.
La subjetividad militante y el régimen de la revolución cubana. El caso Padilla y el principio del final de la conciencia revolucionaria
Authors: Eiff Leonardo
Published: June 2024

El siguiente artículo aborda una de las figuras cruciales de la política durante el pasado siglo: la subjetividad militante. Y lo aborda indagando su configuración latinoamericana a partir de uno de sus acontecimientos emblemáticos: la Revolución cubana. En rigor, el artículo rastrea los problemas y desafíos que enfrentó tal figura tras la consolidación del régimen político de la Revolución, siguiendo las derivas del caso Padilla y su impactó en la conciencia revolucionaria latinoamericana.
PHYSIOCHEMICAL, PSEUDOCRITICAL AND THERMODYNAMIC CHARACTERIZATIONS OF NATURAL GASES
Authors:   Petroleum Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Tobruk University, Libya, Abou El Leil Ibrahim M. , Eljugmani Ahmed. S. ,   Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Petroleum and Gas, University of Zawia - Libya
Published: June 2024

Physiochemical, pseudocritical, pseudoreduced and thermodynamic properties play an important role for determination natural gas quality and specifications. Nowadays natural gas regard as one of the importance natural source of energy supply due to its high heating value, clean source, no emissions and environmental friendly. In addition, it began to replace the oil as a fuel in various purposes and as essential feed for petrochemical industries. Consequently, the different properties of natural gas mixtures must be investigated to determine their specifications. This study was aiming to distinguish these properties using correlations and mathematical models for assessment. These properties include the physical such as molecular weight (M_w), density(ρ), specific gravity(γ), compressibility factor (z), gas viscosity (μ_g), gas formation volume factor (B_g), gas thermal compressibility (C_g) and water content as well as pseudocritical pressure (p_pc), pseudocritical temperature (T_pc), pseudoreduced pressure (p_pr), pseudoreduced temperature (T_pr). Also, the thermodynamic properties e. g. Gross heating value, thermal conductivity, and specific heat of natural gas mixtures were determined. The study has been conducted on the natural gases of Zelten, Al Ragoba, Al Hotaiba gasfields and Al Braiga terminal to predict and estimate the physical, pseudocritical and thermodynamic properties by using correlation and mathematical models methods. The obtained results revealed that there is a variance between these properties of the natural gas mixtures, which may be attributed to the chemical compositions of components and their behaviors. On the other hand, these characterizations can be used as guide to understand the gases behavior during the different operations and natural gases treatment processes. Keywords: Natural gas, physiochemical, pseudocritical, pseudoreduced thermodynamic properties, and correlations
Overview of Opportunistic Bacteria
Authors: Abdulkarem Ahmed Talib , Hasan Ahmed Abbas , Khudhur Hasan Raheem , Abed Saif M.
Published: June 2024

The receptive patient and the bacterium serve as the two defining criteria for opportunistic bacteria. Theoretically, no saprophytic or typical commensal microbes can infiltrate a healthy receptive person. Only specific "undesirable" commensal species, "such as Vargues' Specific Pathogenic Bacteria", can infect this person. Several species from the typical commensal flora, or opportunistic bacteria in the wide meaning of the word, “may infiltrate an otherwise healthy host if their immune defences temporarily deteriorate”. Even species that were previously thought to be non-virulent may assault an immunosuppressed patient with a significant and protracted immune system depression, “including various saprophytic and commensal microbes”. Several bacteria that are typically found in water, food, and the air have recently become opportunistic pathogens in both people and animals. The issue is made more difficult by the introduction of many antibiotic-resistant strains of these opportunistic pathogens, which make hospital-acquired infections in susceptible hosts challenging to treat in the setting of illness.
The Role of Lepidium Sativum as Free Radical Scavenger in Laboratory Mice
Authors: Al-Aubody Nehaya M.
Published: June 2024

Background: Lepidium sativum is a by-product remaining after the oil is extracted from Garden cress seeds. This herb is considered one of the popular medicinal herbs used in Arabian countries and has traditionally been used to control many clinical problems. The present study aims to uncover these seeds' free radical-scavenging properties and their Role in improving the testicular tissues and seminal properties.
Material and Methods: Thirty-two sexually mature mice were used, and the treated groups were divided into three groups; the first one (G1) was treated with 0.1 ml of GC seed extraction in a dose of 5mg/kg BW, the second one(G2) was treated with 0.1 ml sodium nitrate as oxidant, and the last treated group (G3) was treated with 0.1 ml of GC seed extraction after one hour of injection of 0.1 ml sodium nitrate.
Results: The results showed improvement of the testicular tissue and a significant elevation in sperm viability, in addition to significant enhancements of RBC count and Hb concentration. By its Role as a free radical scavenger, sodium nitrate removed the negative effect on blood parameter values.
ORAI1 Genetic Polymorphism and its Correlation with Erythropoietin Resistance, Hemoglobin, and Erythropoietin Serum Level in Iraqi Patients with Chronic Renal Failure on Hemodialysis
Authors: Alsabbagh Farah F. , Mosa Amal Umran , H.M Abo Almaali , Jafer Hassanain Salah
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Chronic renal failure CRF is a widespread, irreversible disease that develops gradually and is classified into five stages depending on the glomerular filtration rate GFR. Anemia is a considerable complication of CRF that becomes serious as GFR decreases, erythropoietin-stimulating agent ESA is used for treating anemia, but the resistance to it stands against its goal in many patients. Studying the genetic polymorphism in one of the erythropoietin-activated pathway store-operated calcium channels SOCs gene is a trial for investigating the cause of resistance.
Method: In this study, 174 subjects were included. Among 112 hemodialysis patients with CRF, 54.5% were non-responders, and the enrolled participants ranged from 20 to 79 years; a single nucleotide polymorphism in the ORAI1 gene was selected. Genotyping was done using an allele-specific polymerase chain reaction technique, and the data was analyzed through the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences.
Results: The results showed that hemoglobin levels differ significantly between the genetic groups, while erythropoietin levels showed no significant variation.
Conclusion: ORAI1 genetic polymorphism has no significant role in erythropoietin resistance in Iraqi hemodialysis patients with CRF, but this genetic variation significantly affects hemoglobin levels, depending on this study.
Realising Ukraine’s military potential in the Space Domain
Authors: Ledwidge Frank
Published: June 2024

Whilst conventional assistance (such as artillery, tanks, fighter jets etc) has been widely discussed, the most indispensable asset has gone largely unrecognised even whilst it shapes all of Ukraine’s operations. From the essential communications role of Starlink to the ‘space-powered targeting information and processes underpinning Ukraine’s strike capabilities, space is the decisive supporting element. During the current war, the leverage provided by the west’s decisively superiorspace capabilities has proved to be vital in allowing Ukraine to resist an ostensibly more powerful force. However, both the need for and potential of Ukraine’s own sovereign space power is evident. Ukraine has the history and resources to be a leading space power in Europe and worldwide.In order to further this aim, once there is the conceptual space to do so, Ukraine must begin the process of renewing and developing a National Space Strategy. This should be followed by, or be concurrent to the development of formal space doctrine. There are many excellent examples of national space strategies which provide much food for thought. These ae resources from which to draw. Ukraine like all countries has a unique set of resources and experiences which must be reflected in such strategy and doctrine. The process of drafting this guidance itself promotes thinking and planning and the product can and must be a guide to all military officers as to what the space domain can offer. It can also promote and drive essential co-operation.