bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inclusive
J/ψ
production in forward proton-proton and proton-lead collisions at high energy
Authors: Gimeno-Estivill Patricia , Lappi Tuomas , Mäntysaari Heikki
Published: November 2024

We calculate the cross section for forward J/ψ production in proton-proton and minimum bias proton-lead collisions using the color glass condensate (CGC) and nonrelativistic QCD (NRQCD) formalism consistently with deep inelastic scattering data. The cross section for color singlet states is sensitive to a four-point correlator of Wilson lines for which we describe in the Gaussian approximation in the large-Nc limit. Furthermore, we quantify the importance of finite-Nc corrections to have a small ∼12% effect. In contrast with the generic NRQCD expectation, we show that the color singlet contribution is only 15% to the total cross section. We also compare our predictions for J/ψ production as well as for the nuclear modification ratio RpPb to LHCb and ALICE data. We find a good agreement at forward rapidities, except at low transverse momenta where the cross sections are overestimated.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
First-principles study and mesoscopic modeling of two-dimensional spin and orbital fluctuations in FeSe
Authors: Ghosh Abyay , Chudzinski Piotr , Grüning Myrta
Published: November 2024

We calculated the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of FeSe within density-functional theory at the generalized gradient approximation level. First, we studied how the bandwidth of the d-bands at the Fermi energy is renormalized by adding simple corrections: Hubbard U, Hund's J, and by introducing long-range magnetic orders. We found that introducing either a striped or a staggered dimer antiferromagnetic order brings the bandwidths—which are starkly overestimated at the generalized gradient approximation level—closer to those experimentally observed. Second, for the ferromagnetic, the striped, checkerboard, and staggered dimer antiferromagnetic order, we investigate the change in magnetic formation energy with local magnetic moment of Fe at a pressure up to 6 GPa. The bilinear and biquadratic exchange energies are derived from the Heisenberg model and noncollinear first-principles calculations, respectively. We found a nontrivial behavior of the spin-exchange parameters on the magnetization, and we put forward a field-theory model that rationalizes these results in terms of two-dimensional spin and orbital fluctuations. The character of these fluctuations can be either that of a standard density wave or a topological vortex. Topological vortices can result in mesoscopic magnetization structures.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Strong error bounds for Trotter and strang-splittings and their implications for quantum chemistry
Authors: Burgarth Daniel , Facchi Paolo , Hahn Alexander , Johnsson Mattias , Yuasa Kazuya
Published: November 2024

Efficient error estimates for the Trotter product formula are central in quantum computing, mathematical physics, and numerical simulations. However, the Trotter error's dependency on the input state and its application to unbounded operators remains unclear. Here, we present a general theory for error estimation, including higher-order product formulas, with explicit input state dependency. Our approach overcomes two limitations of the existing operator-norm estimates in the literature. First, previous bounds are too pessimistic as they quantify the worst-case scenario. Second, previous bounds become trivial for unbounded operators and cannot be applied to a wide class of Trotter scenarios, including atomic and molecular Hamiltonians. Our method enables analytical treatment of Trotter errors in chemistry simulations, illustrated through a case study on the hydrogen atom. Our findings reveal the following: (i) for states with fat-tailed energy distribution, such as low-angular-momentum states of the hydrogen atom, the Trotter error scales worse than expected (sublinearly) in the number of Trotter steps; (ii) certain states do not admit an advantage in the scaling from higher-order Trotterization and, thus, the higher-order Trotter hierarchy breaks down for these states, including the hydrogen atom's ground state; (iii) the scaling of higher-order Trotter bounds might depend on the order of the Hamiltonians in the Trotter product for states with fat-tailed energy distribution. Physically, the enlarged Trotter error is caused by the atom's ionization due to the Trotter dynamics. Mathematically, we find that certain domain conditions are not satisfied by some states so higher moments of the potential and kinetic energies diverge. Our analytical error analysis agrees with numerical simulations, indicating that we can estimate the state-dependent Trotter error scaling genuinely.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Nonrelativistic ferromagnetotriakontadipolar order and spin splitting in hematite
Authors: Verbeek X. H. , Voderholzer D. , Schären S. , Gachnang Y. , Spaldin N. A. , Bhowal S.
Published: November 2024

We show that hematite, α−Fe2O3, below its Morin transition, has a ferroic ordering of rank-5 magnetic triakontadipoles on the Fe ions. In the absence of spin-orbit coupling, these are the lowest-order ferroically aligned magnetic multipoles, and they give rise to the g-wave nonrelativistic spin splitting in hematite. We find that the ferroically ordered magnetic triakontadipoles result from the simultaneous antiferroic ordering of the charge hexadecapoles and the magnetic dipoles, providing a route to manipulating the magnitude and the sign of the magnetic triakontadipoles as well as the spin splitting. Furthermore, we find that both the ferroic ordering of the magnetic triakontadipoles and many of the spin-split features persist in the weak ferromagnetic phase above the Morin transition temperature.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Embedded multi-boson exchange: A step beyond quantum cluster theories
Authors: Kiese Dominik , Wentzell Nils , Krivenko Igor , Parcollet Olivier , Held Karsten , Krien Friedrich
Published: November 2024

We introduce a diagrammatic multi-scale approach to the Hubbard model based on the interaction-irreducible (multi-boson) vertex of a small cluster embedded in a self-consistent medium. The vertex captures short-range correlations up to the length scale of the cluster, while long-range correlations are recovered from a set of diagrammatic equations for the Hedin three-leg vertex. By virtue of the crossing symmetry, the Fierz decoupling ambiguity of the Hubbard interaction is resolved exactly. Our benchmarks for the half-filled Hubbard model on the square lattice are in very good agreement with numerically exact diagrammatic Monte Carlo simulations.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Furutsu-Novikov–like Cross-Correlation–Response Relations for Systems Driven by Shot Noise
Authors: Stubenrauch Jakob , Lindner Benjamin
Published: November 2024

We consider a dynamic system that is driven by an intensity-modulated Poisson process with intensity Λ(t)=λ(t)+ϵν(t). We derive an exact relation between the input-output cross-correlation in the spontaneous state (ϵ=0) and the linear response to the modulation (ϵ>0). If ϵ is sufficiently small, linear-response theory captures the full response. The relation can be regarded as a variant of the Furutsu-Novikov theorem for the case of shot noise. As we show, the relation is still valid in the presence of additional independent noise. Furthermore, we derive an extension to Cox-process input, which provides an instance of colored shot noise. We discuss applications to particle detection and to neuroscience. Using the new relation, we obtain a fluctuation-response relation for a leaky integrate-and-fire neuron. We also show how the new relation can be used in a remote control problem in a recurrent neural network. The relations are numerically tested for both stationary and nonstationary dynamics. Lastly, extensions to marked Poisson processes and to higher-order statistics are presented.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Multi-segment cooling design of a reflection mirror based on the finite-element method
Authors: Wang Zhen , Tong Yajun , Liu Fang , Xue Chaofan , Jin Limin , Liu Zhi
Published: November 2024

High-repetition-rate free-electron lasers impose stringent requirements on thermal deformations of optics in the beamline. The Shanghai HIgh-repetition-rate XFEL aNd Extreme light facility (SHINE) experiences high average thermal power and demands wavefront preservation. To effectively manage thermal deformation in the first reflection mirrors M1, we optimized the cooling length and position of the cooling groove with numerical calculations. For example, the root mean square of the height error of the thermal deformation of the mirror at a photon energy of 900 eV was optimized, resulting in a 12.7× reduction, from 13.76 nm to 1.08 nm. This optimized design also eliminated stray light in the focus spot at the sample and resulted in a 177% increase in the peak intensity of the beam's focus spot at the sample, from 3.08 × 105 to 8.53 × 105. The multi-segment cooling design of the mirror advanced the quality of the beam's focus spot at the sample and ensured the stable operation of SHINE under high repetition rates.
30 years of Journal of Synchrotron Radiation and synchrotron science
Authors: Hasnain S. Samar
Published: November 2024

Journal of Synchrotron Radiation (JSR) came into being with the publication of its inaugural issue in October 1994 that contained 15 full articles comprising 100 pages. Thirty years of JSR has coincided with several Nobel Prizes that have arisen from the work undertaken on synchrotron radiation sources, with the first of these awarded to Sir John Walker in 1997, just three years after the launch of JSR, and celebrated on the front cover of the journal's July 1999 issue. This article provides an insight into the motivation as well as the journey of establishing this important journal for the IUCr and the synchrotron radiation community which has continued to grow. We also highlight some of the well cited papers for each of the five-year-periods during these 30 years and demonstrate how the journal has become the natural home for all aspects of synchrotron radiation science and technology.
Rural households' livelihood transitions in China: processes, drivers and outcomes
Authors: Cui Hongping , Wang Ying , Wang Weiwen , Liu Chongchong
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study aims to comprehensively examine the transitions in household livelihood strategies within rural China, including the underlying processes, drivers and outcomes.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses two waves (2010 and 2018) of longitudinal data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), employing latent cluster analysis, regression models and cumulative distribution function within a dynamic household livelihood strategy framework.

Findings

The results show that (1) households’ livelihood strategies can be categorized into four distinct types, i.e. agricultural dominated, agricultural dominated with non-agricultural supplementation, non-agricultural dominated with agricultural supplementation and employment oriented. (2) During 2010–2018, approximately 60% of households underwent transitions in their livelihoods, encompassing both upward and downward trajectories, with a prevalence of upward transitions. (3) Various forms of livelihood capital significantly contribute to upward transitions, while the availability of land resources and exposure to shocks impede the potential for upward mobility. (4) The transition towards non-agricultural livelihood strategies by households leads to a notable enhancement in their livelihood welfare.

Research limitations/implications

In the context of urbanization, industrialization and globalization, rural areas in China are undergoing a gradual socioeconomic transformation, which has also led to changes in rural households’ livelihood strategies. Nevertheless, a dearth of empirical investigation exists regarding the dynamics of rural households’ livelihood strategies, the determinants behind such transitions and the resulting outcomes on their livelihoods. A comprehensive understanding of livelihood transitions can provide valuable insights for policymakers in their endeavors to promote rural revitalization in China.

Originality/value

Based on the nationwide representative datasets in China, it examines the micro-level livelihood transitions of rural households within the broader context of socioeconomic transformation that presents both opportunities and challenges, as well as vulnerable contexts, shaped by various government policies. This exploration would offer valuable theoretical and empirical evidence to advance our understanding of the process, driver and outcome of rural households’ livelihood transition in developing countries.
Exploring determinants of visitor’s e-WOM in the virtual art exhibition with an extended American Customer Satisfaction Index Model
Authors: Wang Xi , Liao Yiqing , Liu Chuyao , Zheng Jie
Published: November 2024

Purpose

By applying the American Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI) model to virtual art exhibitions, this research aims to reveal insights into the factors impacting visitor satisfaction and electronic word-of-mouth (e-WOM). Furthermore, the investigation of exhibition promotion seeks to understand how external factors contribute to the overall visitor experience in virtual art exhibitions.

Design/methodology/approach

With advancements in virtual communication technology and the transformative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in recent years, there has been a notable surge in the popularity of virtual art exhibitions based on the Internet. This study uses the ACSI model to examine visitor satisfaction and e-WOM in virtual art exhibitions. Additionally, it explores the influence of exhibition promotion on the ACSI model.

Findings

Key findings revealed that 1) both promotion efforts and e-WOM exhibited significant relationships with the ACSI model, and 2) most of the relationships within the ACSI model were consistent with previous research outcomes.

Originality/value

This study extends the ACSI model’s application to virtual art exhibitions, enhancing its relevance. Additionally, it addresses the knowledge gap concerning the direct impact of promotion on audience expectations and its relationship with the ACSI model in virtual art exhibitions. Furthermore, the research explores the influence of customer satisfaction on electronic word-of-mouth in exhibitions, offering valuable insights for exhibition evaluation systems. The study serves as a guide, providing data and models for researchers investigating virtual art exhibitions.
Uncorking the delights: deciphering Indian wine consumers’ tastes with a multi-method approach and consumer insights
Authors: Sukumaran Likhil , Majhi Ritanjali
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Alcohol consumption trends in India have undergone a significant shift in recent years. While spirits like rum and brandy have traditionally dominated the Indian alcohol industry, wine is now gaining popularity with a commendable compounded annual growth rate. This presents a significant opportunity for wine marketers to develop effective strategies for targeting Indian consumers. To capitalise on this evolving market scenario, it is crucial to understand the attributes that consumers seek in their preferred wines. Therefore, this study aims to identify the specific wine attributes that significantly influence the purchasing behaviour of Indian consumers.

Design/methodology/approach

The study used a mixed-methods approach to comprehend the wine preferences of Indian consumers. The methods included tweet analysis, word cloud, sentiment analysis and conjoint analysis.

Findings

The study reveals that Indian millennials’ wine consumption is driven by health and sustainability concerns, particularly the appeal of organic and low-alcohol options. However, wine, especially red wine, is also strongly associated with socializing, luxury and pleasure. This dual motivation highlights wine’s versatility in fulfilling both health-conscious and indulgent desires.

Originality/value

This study examines Indian wine consumers and their purchasing decisions using a multi-method approach. In addition, it compares gender preferences, addressing a gap in limited research on the Indian wine industry.
The effect of surface roughness and carburized depth on wear resistance in 16MnCr5 case hardening steel
Authors: Baykara Celalettin , Atik Enver
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Today, wear and tear is a metaphor whose cost cannot be ignored by real sector. For this reason, many sectoral and academic studies are carried out to minimize the wear effect. This study aims to create a perspective against wear problems for the automotive industry as well.

Design/methodology/approach

The 16MnC5 material, which is used as the U-joint material in the powertrain of the automotive industry, was subjected to heat treatment such as normalization and carburization at certain temperatures and duration. By subjecting the resulting carbide thickness to the abrasion process, the maximum effective heat treatment parameters against wear were determined.

Findings

It has been determined that the ideal cementation condition for 16MnCr5 steel to be used in the wear system is carburized samples at 900 °C for 3.5 h with a hardness depth of 1.04 mm.

Originality/value

The variation in which the surface hardness thickness and surface roughness obtained by different heat treatment variations of the U-joint part, which is one of the cardan shaft components that provide power transmission of heavy commercial vehicles, show the best wear resistance, were investigated. As a result of this study, the study is to prevent the waste of limited materials in the world and to reduce the repair and maintenance costs of commercial vehicles.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-05-2024-0152/
The components of perceived quality and their influence on online re-purchase intention
Authors: Kumar Rahul , Jain Varsha , Eastman Jacqueline Kilsheimer , Ambika Anupama
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study aims to understand holistic consumer perceptions of quality and their effect on re-purchase intentions by measuring the latent characteristics of online Amazon reviews.

Design/methodology/approach

Data was collected from entries in the Amazon customer review data set, which explicitly mentions quality, economic evaluation and future purchase intention. The analyses included natural language processing, structural topic modeling and econometric analysis. The study used real-time customer reviews to determine the overall perceived quality, the impact of perceived quality on re-purchase intention and the mediating roles of price consciousness and customer satisfaction.

Findings

Consumers’ perception of overall quality includes product- and service-related dimensions. Perceived quality influences re-purchase intentions through the mediating role of customer satisfaction. While price consciousness impacts the link between perceived quality and customer satisfaction, it does not affect re-purchase intention.

Practical implications

The managerial implications emphasize multiple dimensions of quality in the online environment and the role of customer satisfaction in consumers’ online re-purchase intentions. The results also illustrate that price effects are insignificant in influencing re-purchase intentions. Thus, while price cuts may encourage initial purchases, quality and customer satisfaction are vital to stimulate re-purchase.

Originality/value

The e-commerce literature lacks a comprehensive and rigorous understanding of the components of consumers’ perceived quality. This research develops a thorough understanding of what impacts overall e-commerce quality based on real-time customer reviews, avoiding the biases arising from traditional methods, including surveys.
Artificial intelligence in hospitality services: examining consumers’ receptivity to unmanned smart hotels
Authors: Du Huiying , Li Jing , So Kevin Kam Fung , King Ceridwyn
Published: November 2024

Purpose

With recent advances in artificial intelligence, the hospitality industry has introduced the concept of unmanned smart hotels staffed by service robots instead of human employees. Research is needed to understand consumers’ receptivity to such an innovation. This paper examines factors associated with consumers’ potential resistance to using automated service hotels via two sequential studies. Given that younger generations of consumers are typically early adopters of advanced technology and innovative services, our sampling approach focused on this consumer group.

Design/methodology/approach

Two studies were conducted. Study 1 proposed and empirically tested a theoretical model. Results revealed that attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control each positively influenced individuals’ intentions to use unmanned smart hotels. In Study 2, we further investigated aspects informing perceived security, a key variable in the use of unmanned smart hotels.

Findings

Findings showed how people’s beliefs about unmanned smart hotels and security control assurances led to perceived security. These perceptions were shaped by perceived physical risks, privacy concerns, website design and hotel reputation. Overall, this research provides theoretical and practical implications for various stakeholders associated with unmanned smart hotels.

Practical implications

Findings of this study suggested that managers of unmanned smart hotels should design user-friendly, secure processes and offer comprehensive support resources to enhance customer experience and usage.

Originality/value

The findings provide a holistic understanding of consumers’ receptivity to unmanned smart hotels.
The impact of organizational dehumanization on creative performance through self-esteem threat: the moderating role of work locus of control
Authors: Talpur Qurat-ul-ain , Khan Rahman , Malik M. Abdur Rahman , Murtaza Ghulam
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to enhance our understanding of how organizational dehumanization affects employees’ creative performance. We propose the self-esteem threat as a mediator in the relationship between organizational dehumanization and employees’ creative performance. We also examine how work locus of control moderates the relationship between organizational dehumanization and creative performance.

Design/methodology/approach

Through convenience sampling, online and face-to-face surveys, multisource time-lagged data (N = 257) were collected from full-time employees and their supervisors in Pakistani organizations in the information technology, media industry and oil and gas sectors.

Findings

Organizational dehumanization negatively affects employees’ creative performance, and threats to self-esteem mediate this relationship. Work locus of control moderates the effect of organizational dehumanization on creative performance, and this negative relationship is attenuated when individuals have an external work locus of control.

Originality/value

This study provides novel insights into the process underlying the relationship between organizational dehumanization and creative performance by revealing the mediating role of threat to self-esteem and the buffering role of work locus of control.
Experimental study on the acoustic roughness spectrum of high-speed railway rails
Authors: Han Li , Wu Xiangyang , Yu Qing , Liu Lanhua , Wang Chenge
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the acoustic roughness of rails on China’s high-speed railways, with a focus on short-wavelength irregularities (less than 80 cm), which are known to significantly contribute to noise. The goal is to develop a specific acoustic roughness spectrum tailored for China’s high-speed railway system, as no such spectrum currently exists.

Design/methodology/approach

A long-term tracking study was conducted on major railway lines in China, monitoring rail roughness throughout the initial operational period and the rails’ service life. Data preprocessing techniques such as peak removal and curvature correction were applied for acoustic adjustments. A spatial-wavelength domain transformation was performed, providing the distribution patterns and statistical characteristics of acoustic roughness on China’s high-speed rails. Based on these analyses, a model for constructing the acoustic roughness spectrum was developed.

Findings

The study found that the acoustic roughness of China’s high-speed railway rails follows a χ2 distribution with six degrees of freedom. For wavelengths greater than 8 cm, the acoustic roughness spectrum remains below the ISO specified limits. In the wavelength range of 3.2 cm to 6.3 cm, the roughness is comparable to or within the limits specified by ISO 3095:2005 and ISO 3095:2013. However, for wavelengths shorter than 2.5 cm, the roughness exceeds ISO limits.

Originality/value

This research fills the gap in the lack of a specific acoustic roughness spectrum for China’s high-speed railways. By establishing a tailored spectrum based on long-term data analysis, the findings provide valuable insights for noise control and rail maintenance in the context of China’s high-speed rail system.
Modal analysis of concrete gravity dam incorporating pre-stress condition along with soil–structure interaction
Authors: Sharma Abhishek , .K Nallasivam
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The fundamental period of the structure plays an important role in the seismic analysis. This study aims to analyze the modal response of dam, the two-dimensional (2D) FEM model is developed by using ANSYS 2022 R1 software.

Design/methodology/approach

To examine the optimized mesh size to achieve grid independence, the variable element size has been considered, and its optimal value is calculated using the technique of response surface optimization. Further, the effect of damping ratios of 5%, 8% and 10% is also considered for the free vibration analysis of the dam structure.

Findings

The results show that the natural frequencies of the dam decrease with a reduction in stiffness of the whole structure. Further, the effect of pre-stress conditions is analyzed and the study has proved that the natural frequency increases after considering the pre-stress as initial condition during modal analysis. Further, it is found that the damping has a substantial effect on frequency for higher modes of vibrations.

Research limitations/implications

The study only focused on modal analysis of the gravity dam, and this study’s results can be used further to evaluate the dynamic behavior of the dam including hydrodynamic conditions.

Originality/value

The finite element tool is used to evaluate the modal response of gravity dam incorporating pre-stress and damping ratio along with soil–structure interaction. Moreover, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, no earlier study has been conducted to evaluate the effect of damping and pre-stress conditions on the stability and natural frequency of the system.
Soil microfauna mediate multifunctionality under multilevel warming in a primary forest
Authors: Li Debao , Chen Deyun , Hou Chunyu , Chen Hong , Zhou Qingqiu , Wu Jianping
Published: November 2024

Soil microfauna play a crucial role in maintaining multiple functions associated with soil phosphorous, nitrogen and carbon cycling. Although both soil microfauna diversity and multifunctionality are strongly affected by climate warming, it remains unclear how their relationships respond to different levels of warming.

We conducted a 3‐year multilevel warming experiment with five warming treatments in a subtropical primary forest. Using infrared heating systems, the soil surface temperature in plots was maintained at 0.8, 1.5, 3.0 and 4.2°C above ambient temperature (control).

Our findings indicated that low‐level warming (+0.8–1.5°C) increased soil multifunctionality, as well as nematode and protist diversity, compared with the control. In contrast, high‐level warming (+4.2°C) significantly reduced these variables. We also identified significant positive correlations between soil multifunctionality and nematode and protist diversity in the 0–10 cm soil layer. Notably, we found that soil multifunctionality and protist diversity did not change significantly under 3.0°C warming treatment.

Our results imply that a temperature increase of around 3°C may represent a critical threshold in subtropical forests, which is of great importance for identifying response measures to global warming from the perspective of microfauna in the surface soil. Our findings provide new evidence on how soil microfauna regulate multifunctionality under varying degrees of warming in primary forests.
From parachuting to partnership: Fostering collaborative research in protected areas
Authors: Smit I. P. J. , Fernández R. J. , Menvielle M. F. , Roux D. J. , Singh N. , Mabuza S. , Mthombeni B. M. , Macgregor N. A. , Fritz H. , Gandiwa E. , Foxcroft L. C. , Cook C. N.
Published: November 2024

Research in protected areas (PAs) is often dominated by scientists from outside the conservation agencies managing them. This can potentially lead to misalignment with local needs, insensitivity to the local context and a lack of investment in and use of local expertise. These issues often arise when international researchers work in another country without local engagement (known as ‘parachute science’). Despite PAs being key end users of actionable science, there is limited understanding of the prevalence and impact of parachute science in these areas.

Here, we investigate parachute versus collaborative research in two national parks in the Global South (Kruger National Park, South Africa; Nahuel Huapi National Park, Argentina) and one park from a developed economy (Kakadu National Park, Australia). To explore the prevalence, risks, benefits and complexities of research practices, we analyse the patterns of authorship, funding and acknowledgement in a random sample of peer‐reviewed papers from research conducted in these parks.

Our findings show a higher incidence of potential parachute science in Kruger National Park (18% of papers with only out‐of‐country authors) compared to Nahuel Huapi (4%) and Kakadu (2%) national parks. However, the occurrence of internationally collaborative research (national and international authors) was double in Global South parks (35%–38%) than in the Australian park (18%).

The study illustrates the potential benefits of international collaboration for PAs, including increased research productivity, expanded funding sources and possibly higher impact and visibility of published studies. PAs in developed countries may have fewer opportunities to obtain those benefits.

Most papers, even those with in‐country authors, lacked authors affiliated with the agency managing the PA and often failed to even acknowledge these agencies. This suggests the potential for a different form of parachute science (which we term ‘park parachuting’) in which lack of local involvement may hamper integration of research with management.

Synthesis and applications: Establishing conditions that foster collaboration between national and international researchers, and between PA agency staff and external researchers (regardless of their nationality), would enable parks to better serve as catalysts for research collaboration. This collaborative approach can facilitate access to additional funding, enhance research capacity, increase research productivity and amplify research impact.
Micronutrient intakes in a young antenatal population—10‐year Retrospective survey at a Sydney hospital clinic
Authors: Ferrie Suzie , Ireland Merryl
Published: November 2024

Aim

Nutritional requirements are increased in young people to support growth, and this is particularly critical when pregnancy occurs within young age groups. The aim was to describe nutritional intakes (with particular emphasis on iron and calcium) and selected pregnancy outcomes, in a young antenatal population aged 14–24 years.

Method

A retrospective audit was conducted using 404 records from a young parents' antenatal clinic which included prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), pregnancy weight gain, baby birth weight, nutritional biochemistry, and dietitian assessment of iron and calcium intakes and supplement use. Age groups were compared (adolescents aged 14–18 years versus older 19–24 years clients), and regression analysis was used to explore potential predictors of birth outcomes.

Results

There was no difference in prepregnancy body mass index for age, pregnancy weight gain, baby birth weight or outcomes, between the age groups. Based on food group serves, intakes were inadequate for iron in 82% of clients and for calcium in 72%. Iron status declined in both groups during the pregnancy, while adolescents had less adequate calcium intake (p = 0.0001). Supplement use was more common in clients with poor iron (p = 0.015) or vitamin D status (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion

Iron and calcium intakes were inadequate in this nutritionally vulnerable population. Further research would be beneficial to identify effective interventions to improve nutrition in this cohort.
Jerked beef as an ultraprocessed convenience food: Desalting strategies to minimize the impact on lipid and protein oxidation
Authors: Carvalho Jéssica Moreira de , Carvalho Leila Moreira de , Rocha Thayse Cavalcante da , Galvão Mércia de Sousa , Pedrão Mayka Reghiany , Lemos Ana Lúcia da Silva Côrrea , Madruga Marta Suely
Published: November 2024

Jerked beef (JB) is a high‐protein convenience food but shows high degree of oxidation owing to its severe ultraprocessing. This study aimed to investigate the effect of desalting processes on oxidative stability of JB. JB were submitted to five desalting procedures: immersion in water at room temperature for 12 h without changing the water (AT12); immersion in water at room temperature for 12 h followed by boiling for 30 min and changing the water between the two procedures (AT12 + C30); immersion in boiled water for 10, 20, and 30 min (C10, C20, and C30, respectively). The desalted JB samples were refrigerated (vacuum packed and stored at 1 ± 1°C) and analyzed at 0 and 60 days. The samples without desalting were used as a control group. AT12 samples had the lowest lipid oxidation (0.05 and 0.07 mg of MDA kg−1, at T60 and T0, respectively). AT12 + C30 had the lowest NaCl content (2.8 and 3.3 g 100 g−1, at T0 and T60, respectively). C10, C20, and C30 showed a lower level of total carbonyls (p < 0.05) (0.04–0.13 nmol mg−1 protein), compared to control (0.53–0.93 nmol mg−1 protein in T0 and T60, respectively). Only boiled, desalted meats showed the volatile compound benzaldehyde. Higher concentration of monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, and total unsaturated fatty acids in JB desalted only in boiling water (C10, C20, and C30), compared to control (p < 0.05). AT12 is the best process to use, with regards to lipid oxidative stability, hardness, and NaCl content. Therefore, we conclude that it is possible to offer commercially desalted JB, as a convenience ultraprocessed product.

Practical Application

Lipid oxidation is accelerated when desalting jerked beef (JB) with boiling water. Desalted JB in boiling water had detectable concentrations of benzaldehyde. •Desalting in water at 25°C/12 h resulted in JB with better oxidative stability.
Weizmannia coagulans BC99 affects valeric acid production via regulating gut microbiota to ameliorate inflammation and oxidative stress responses in Helicobacter pylori mice
Authors: Zhai Shirui , Gao Yinyin , Jiang Yiru , Li Yuwan , Fan Qiuxia , Tie Shanshan , Wu Ying , Gu Shaobin
Published: November 2024

Helicobacter pylori is a highly prevalent pathogen in human gastric mucosa epithelial cells with strong colonization ability. Weizmannia coagulans is a kind of active microorganism that is beneficial to the improvement of host gut microbiota balance and can prevent and treat intestinal diseases. We investigated the beneficial effects of W. coagulans BC99 in H. pylori infected mice and measured inflammation response, oxidative stress, and gut microbiota. Results showed that BC99 could alleviate the gastric inflammation, inhibit the increasing of inflammation parameters endotoxin, interleukin‐10, transforming growth factor‐β, and interferon‐γ and oxidative stress myeloperoxidase and malondialdehyde, promote the levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase. Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis revealed that BC99 reversed the change of gut microbiota by reducing the abundance of Olsenella, Candidatus_Saccharimonas, Monoglobus, and increasing the abundance of Tyzzerella. Meanwhile, BC99 caused elevated levels of Ligilactobacillus and Lactobacillus. In view of the beneficial effect of BC99 on the content of short‐chain fatty acid, valeric acid with sodium valerate interfered with H. pylori infection in mice found that valeric acid had a good restorative effect of H. pylori infection relating inflammation and oxidative stress responses. These results suggest that W. coagulans BC99 can be used as a potential probiotic to prevent and treat H. pylori infection by regulating the inflammation, oxidative stress, and gut microbiota.
Chlorella vulgaris as a food substitute: Applications and benefits in the food industry
Authors: Wang Chiao‐An , Onyeaka Helen , Miri Taghi , Soltani Fakhteh
Published: November 2024

Chlorella vulgaris, a freshwater microalga, is gaining attention for its potential as a nutritious food source and dietary supplement. This review aims to provide a comprehensive discussion on C. vulgaris, evaluating its viability as a food substitute in the industry by exploring the nutritional value and application of C. vulgaris in the food industry. Rich in protein, lipids, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals, Chlorella offers substantial nutritional benefits, positioning it as a valuable food substitute. Its applications in the food industry include incorporation into smoothies, snacks, and supplements, enhancing the nutritional profile of various food products. The health benefits of Chlorella encompass antioxidant activity, immune system support, and detoxification, contributing to overall well‐being. Despite these advantages, the commercialization of Chlorella faces significant challenges. These include variability in antibacterial activity due to strain and growth conditions, high production costs, contamination risks, and sensory issues such as unpleasant taste and smell. Additionally, Chlorella can accumulate heavy metals from its environment, necessitating stringent quality control measures. Future prospects involve improving Chlorella strains through genetic manipulation to enhance nutrient content, developing cost‐effective culture systems, and exploring advanced processing techniques like pulsed electric fields for better digestibility. Addressing sensory issues through flavor‐masking strategies and employing environmental management practices will further support Chlorella's integration into the food industry. Although C. vulgaris shows great potential as a nutritious food ingredient, overcoming existing challenges and optimizing production methods would be crucial for its successful adoption and widespread use.
Establishing a new human lung squamous cell carcinoma cell line, OMUL‐1, expressing insulin‐like growth factor 1 receptor and programmed cell death ligand 1
Authors: Nagamine Hiroaki , Yashiro Masakazu , Mizutani Megumi , Sugimoto Akira , Matsumoto Yoshiya , Tani Yoko , Kaneda Hiroyasu , Yamada Kazuhiro , Watanabe Tetsuya , Asai Kazuhisa , Suzuki Satoshi , Kawaguchi Tomoya
Published: November 2024

The Main Problem

Squamous cell carcinoma is the second most prevalent type of non–small cell lung cancer. Analyzing the molecular mechanisms underlying lung carcinoma requires useful tools, such as squamous lung cancer cell lines.

Methods

A novel new lung squamous cell carcinoma cell line, OMUL‐1, was developed from the primary lung cancer of a 74‐year‐old man. We assessed the characteristics and behavior of OMUL‐1 cells were examined, including their growth kinetics, tumorigenicity in mice, histological properties, gene expression profiles using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), and RNA sequencing and invasion assays.

Results

OMUL‐1‐an adherent cell line‐resulted in 100% tumor formation when subcutaneously injected into mice. Histological analysis of the subcutaneous tumor using hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed squamous cell carcinoma with characteristics similar to those of the primary tumor (p40 and p63 were positive, and TTF‐1 was negative). An invasion assay demonstrated that OMUL‐1 had a lower invasion ability compared to that of other developed cell lines. RT‐PCR analysis and RNA sequencing indicated that OMUL‐1 cells expressed FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, FGFR4, EGFR, HER2, ErbB3, ErbB4, VEGFR3, IGF1R, c‐MET, PDGFRa, and PDGFRb. Additionally, picropodophyllin (an IGF1R inhibitor) significantly inhibited the growth of OMUL‐1 cells. Immunohistochemistry revealed that IGF1R and PD‐L1 were expressed in both the primary and subcutaneous tumors.

Conclusions

We developed a novel new squamous cell lung carcinoma cell line, OMUL‐1, that expresses IGF1R and PD‐L1.
Consent to advanced imaging in antenatal pulmonary embolism diagnostics: Prevalence, outcomes of nonconsent and opportunities to mitigate delayed diagnosis risk
Authors: Vinson David R. , Somers Madeline J. , Qiao Edward , Campbell Aidan R. , Heringer Grace V. , Florio Cole J. , Zekar Lara , Middleton Cydney E. , Woldemariam Sara T. , Gupta Nachiketa , Poth Luke S. , Reed Mary E. , Roubinian Nareg H. , Raja Ali S. , Sperling Jeffrey D.
Published: November 2024

Background

Nonconsent to pulmonary vascular (or advanced) imaging for suspected pulmonary embolism (PE) in pregnancy can delay diagnosis and treatment, increasing risk of adverse outcomes. We sought to understand factors associated with consent and understand outcomes after nonconsent.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study was undertaken across 21 community hospitals from October 1, 2021, through March 31, 2023. We included gravid patients undergoing diagnostics for suspected PE who were recommended advanced imaging. The primary outcome was verbal consent to advanced imaging. Diagnostic settings were nonobstetric (99% emergency departments [EDs]) and obstetrics (labor and delivery and outpatient clinics). Using quasi‐Poisson regression, we calculated adjusted relative risks (aRRs) of consenting with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We also reported symptom resolution and delayed imaging at follow‐up and 90‐day PE outcomes.

Results

Imaging was recommended for 405 outpatients: median age was 30.5 years; 50% were in the third trimester. Evaluation was more common in nonobstetric (83%) than obstetric settings (17%). Overall, 314 (78%) agreed to imaging and 91 (22%) declined imaging. Consenting was more prevalent in obstetric settings compared with nonobstetric settings: 99% versus 73% (p < 0.001). When adjusted for demographic and clinical variables, including pretest probability, only obstetric setting was independently associated with consenting: aRR 1.26 (95% CI 1.09–1.44). Seventy‐nine (87%) patients declining imaging had 30‐day follow‐up. Eight of 12 who reported persistent or worsening symptoms on follow‐up were again recommended advanced imaging and consented. Imaging was negative. None who initially declined imaging were diagnosed with PE or died within 90 days.

Conclusions

One in five gravid patients suspected of PE declined advanced imaging, more commonly in nonobstetric (principally ED) settings than obstetric settings. Patients symptomatic on follow‐up responded favorably to subsequent imaging recommendations without 90‐day outcomes. Improving the communication and documentation of informed consent and securing close follow‐up for nonconsenters may mitigate risks of missed and delayed PE diagnosis.
The dark side of close proximity to supply chain partners: Evidence from auditing practices in China
Authors: Wen Hai , Jiang Zhiqian , Xiao Min
Published: November 2024

While close distance to trading partners is often viewed as beneficial to business operations, our study reveals a potential downside. We show that a firm's geographical proximity to its major trading partners is positively correlated with audit fees, which can be explained by an opportunistic narrative: close interactions within the supply chain facilitate misconduct, increasing auditors' engagement risk and concerns. Further analyses suggest that mid‐ and lower‐level employees, rather than top management, are more likely to initiate such misconduct. Overall, our findings highlight the dark side of firm–stakeholder geographical proximity and broaden our understanding of its impact on corporate governance.
Introducing a Novel Pacemaker‐Mediated Arrhythmia: The Pseudo‐RNRVAS Arising From Atrial Capture Challenges
Authors: Atar Asli Inci , Atar Ilyas
Published: November 2024

Background

This study aimed to define and explain a novel form of pacemaker‐mediated arrhythmia which is initiated and sustained by atrial capture loss coinciding with ventriculoatrial (VA) conduction within the postventricular atrial refractory period (PVARP). Unlike repetitive nonreentrant VA synchrony (RNRVAS), in the pseudo‐RNRVAS, the atrium is not stimulated due to pacing below the threshold level, rather than because of refractory atrial myocardium.

Objective

The objective was to elucidate the mechanisms of this pseudo‐RNRVAS, identify predisposing factors, and propose preventive strategies.

Methods

Twenty‐one patients with dual‐chamber cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) exhibiting stable VA conduction within the PVARP were included. Pseudo‐RNRVAS were induced by altering atrial amplitude and lower rate interval while keeping other CIED parameters constant.

Results

Pseudo‐RNRVAS developed after atrial capture loss in 20 out of 21 patients. Notably, 11 patients experienced pseudo‐RNRVAS at heart rates ≤ 70 bpm, and 7 patients at AV delay ≤ 150 ms. The condition initiated immediately following the first ventricular pace beat after atrial capture loss in 18 patients. In six cases, pseudo‐RNRVAS terminated intermittently and then restarted; in 14 cases, it did not resolve.

Conclusion

Pseudo‐RNRVAS can occur even at low heart rates and without specific predisposing factors seen in RNRVAS. Conditions that increase atrial pacing probability and threshold raise the likelihood of pseudo‐RNRVAS. Early postimplantation may pose a heightened risk, correlating with pacemaker syndrome and susceptibility to heart failure.
Impact of hydroxycarbamide treatment on the whole‐blood transcriptome in sickle cell disease
Authors: Bhat Varsha , Potdar Alka A. , Yu G. Karen , Gibson Greg , Sheehan Vivien A.
Published: November 2024

Hydroxycarbamide (HC) is the most widely used therapeutic for individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD, including sickle cell anemia and other forms of the disease). HC's clinical benefits are primarily associated with its ability to induce foetal haemoglobin (HbF); this limited view of HC's therapeutic potential may lead to its discontinuation when a modest amount of HbF is induced. A better understanding of the HbF‐independent effects of HC on genes and pathways relevant to SCD pathophysiology is therefore needed. In this study, we performed bulk RNA‐Seq on whole blood samples collected from a cohort of 25 paediatric patients with SCD to identify genes and pathways that are affected by treatment with HC. At the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of HC, patients showed altered expression levels of several genes and biological pathways. Pathways related to haeme metabolism, interferon‐alpha response, and interferon‐gamma response were significantly downregulated at HC MTD relative to the matched pre‐HC samples. Pathways linked with IL2‐STAT5 signalling and TNFα signalling via NF‐Kβ were observed to be up‐regulated at HC MTD. These results illustrate the range of effects exerted by HC during therapy for SCD and pave the way for an improved understanding of the HbF induction‐independent benefits of HC.