bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermal characteristics of permafrost in the steep alpine rock walls of the Aiguille du Midi (Mont Blanc Massif, 3842 m a.s.l.)
Authors: Magnin F. , Deline P. , Ravanel L. , Noetzli J. , Pogliotti P.
Published: June 2014

Abstract. Permafrost and related thermo-hydro-mechanical processes are regarded as crucial factors in rock wall stability in high alpine areas, but a lack of field measurements means that the characteristics of such locations and the processes to which they are subjected are poorly understood. To help remedy this situation, in 2005 work began to install a monitoring system at the Aiguille du Midi (3842 m a.s.l.). This paper presents temperature records from nine surface sensors (eight years of records) and three 10 m-deep boreholes (four years of records), installed at locations with different surface and bedrock characteristics. Annual and seasonal offsets between mean surface temperatures and air temperatures suggest that snow cover and slope aspect are also important factors governing bedrock surface temperatures in steep terrain. Snow-free sensors revealed additional effects of microtopography and micrometeorology. Active layer thicknesses ranged from < 2 m to nearly 6 m, depending on sun-exposure and interannual variations in atmospheric conditions. Warm and cold permafrost (about −1.5 °C to −4.5 °C at 10 m-depth) coexists within the Aiguille du Midi, resulting in high lateral heat fluxes. A temperature inflection associated with a fracture provided evidence of non-conductive processes, most notably cooling due to air ventilation and some intermittent and local warming. Our field data, the first to be obtained from an Alpine permafrost site where temperatures are below −4 °C, confirm the results of previous studies of permafrost in steep bedrock slopes and highlight the importance of factors such as snow cover and fracturing.
Research Note: US Lodging Firms' Exposure to Energy Price Risk
Authors: Lee Seul Ki , Jang SooCheong (Shawn)
Published: June 2014

To date, studies on hotel energy use have examined the implications in terms of direct cost savings, environmental sustainability and corporate social responsibility. However, as the profitability of lodging firms is subject to changes in energy prices, their value may depend on exposure to energy price volatility. This paper examines the exposure of US lodging firms to energy price risk between 2001 and 2014. The authors find that energy price considerably affected stock returns of lodging firms throughout the sample period, and conclude that participation in an energy saving programme reduces the lodging firm's stock return exposure to energy price risk, thereby enhancing firm value.
Global Business Norms and Islamic Views of Women’s Employment
Authors: Syed Jawad , Van Buren Harry J.
Published: June 2014

This article examines the issue of gender equality within Islam in order to develop an ethical framework for businesses operating in Muslim majority countries. We pay attention to the role of women and seemingly inconsistent expectations of Islamic and Western societies with regard to appropriate gender roles. In particular, we contrast a mainstream Western liberal individualist view of freedom and equality—the capability approach, used here as an illustration of mainstream Western liberalism—with an egalitarian Islamic view on gender equality. While the article identifies an opportunity for this particular approach to reform patriarchal interpretations and practices of Islam toward gender egalitarian interpretations and practices, it also contests the notions of adaptation and well-being inherent within the capability approach. We suggest that a dialectical approach to understanding the relationships among religion, culture, and business provides a better guide to responsible business action in Muslim Majority countries than does the capability approach.
Library School Programs and the Successful Training of Academic Librarians to Meet Promotion and Tenure Requirements in the Academy
Authors: Best Rickey D. , Kneip Jason
Published: June 2014

This article relates an investigation of tenure and promotion practices for librarians at academic institutions. The study employed two surveys. The first survey determined the level of impact on promotion and tenure by recent publication in two top-tier peer-reviewed journals: College & Research Libraries and Journal of Academic Librarianship. The second survey was developed and distributed to authors of articles in the two journals requesting information about the nature of their library positions. Although more research is warranted, it appears that librarians at academic institutions tend to publish more frequently in top-tier journals, enhancing our professional literature.
Sustainability Challenge for Academic Libraries: Planning for the Future
Authors: Jankowska Maria Anna , Marcum James W.
Published: June 2014

There is growing concern that a variety of factors threaten the sustainability of academic libraries: developing and preserving print and digital collections, supplying and supporting rapidly changing technological and networking infrastructure, providing free services, maintaining growing costs of library buildings, and lowering libraries’ ecological footprint. This paper discusses the multidimensional issues of sustainability in academic libraries and identifies needs for designing an integrated framework for sustainable strategies in academic libraries. Additionally, the paper presents a synthesis of existing literature on the increasingly popular topic of “green libraries” and prepares a background toward developing a framework for sustainable strategies in academic libraries.
Is There an Information Literacy Skills Gap to Be Bridged? An Examination of Faculty Perceptions and Activities Relating to Information Literacy in the United States and England
Authors: DaCosta Jacqui Weetman
Published: June 2014

Surveys of faculty were conducted at two higher education institutions in England and the United States to ascertain their perceptions of information literacy. Faculty were also asked about the extent to which they incorporated information literacy skills into their courses. Similarities were found across the two institutions both in the importance that faculty attached to information skills and what they actually did to incorporate the skills within curricula. The results reflect an information literacy skills gap between what faculty (and librarians) want for their students and the practical reality. Librarians and faculty should work collaboratively together to bridge this gap.
Assess and Invest: Faculty Feedback on Library Tutorials
Authors: Appelt Kristina M. , Pendell Kimberly
Published: June 2014

Communication and collaboration with faculty are increasingly important in the development of both curriculum-integrated and stand-alone “just in time” library tutorials. In the final developmental stages of the Evidence-Based Practice online tutorials, faculty members were asked to provide input during structured faculty feedback sessions. These sessions aimed to gather feedback on tutorial structure, discipline-specific content, integrating the tutorial with class curriculum, and best marketing practices. The results demonstrate that involving faculty in the assessment of tutorials is a beneficial way to improve and promote tutorials. Another important outcome was learning more about the interests of the faculty and related curriculum.
A Content Analysis of Library Vendor Privacy Policies: Do They Meet Our Standards?
Authors: Magi Trina J.
Published: June 2014

Librarians have a long history of protecting user privacy, but they have done seemingly little to understand or influence the privacy policies of library resource vendors that increasingly collect user information through Web 2.0-style personalization features. After citing evidence that college students value privacy, this study used content analysis to determine the degree to which the privacy policies of 27 major vendors meet standards articulated by the library profession and information technology industry. While most vendors have privacy policies, the policy provisions fall short on many library profession standards and show little support for the library Code of Ethics.
Google Scholar Users and User Behaviors: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Herrera Gail
Published: June 2014

The University of Mississippi Library created a profile to provide linking from Google Scholar (GS) to library resources in 2005. Although Google Scholar does not provide usage statistics for institutions, use of Google Scholar is clearly evident in looking at library link resolver logs. The purpose of this project is to examine users of Google Scholar with existing data from interlibrary loan transactions and library Web site click-through logs and analytics. Questions about user status and discipline, as well as behaviors related to use of other library resources, are explored.
Learning Objects as Tools for Teaching Information Literacy Online: A Survey of Librarian Usage
Authors: Mestre Lori S. , Baures Lisa , Niedbala Mona , Bishop Corinne , Cantrell Sarah , Perez Alice , Silfen Kate
Published: June 2014

Based on information gathered from two discussion sessions moderated by members of the Education and Behavioral Sciences Section’s Online Learning Research Committee a survey was conducted to identify how librarians use course/learning management systems and learning objects to deliver instruction. Objectives of the study were to identify the experiences of librarians who are using course/learning management systems; in what context learning objects are being developed and used; and the pedagogical considerations by librarians when creating online learning materials. In addition to discussing the results of the survey, a description of a “Toolkit for Online Learning” created by the Online Learning Research Committee is provided.
The Use of Institutional Repositories: The Ohio State University Experience
Authors: Connell Tschera Harkness
Published: June 2014

In this paper the author compares the use of digital materials that have been deposited in The Ohio State University (OSU) Knowledge Bank (KB). Comparisons are made for content considered in scope of the university archives and those considered out of scope, for materials originating from different campus sources, and for different types of content. Results show that both mediated and unmediated content is used and therefore justifies the preservation costs for unmediated content. Results also show articles and undergraduate theses are most frequently used type of materials leading to the conclusion that it is important to collect content from all levels of the educational process.
Reexamining Content-Enriched Access: Its Effect on Usage and Discovery
Authors: Tosaka Yuji , Weng Cathy
Published: June 2014

Content-enriched metadata in bibliographic records is considered helpful to library users in identifying and selecting library materials for their needs. The paper presents a study, using circulation data from a medium-sized academic library, of the effect of content-enriched records on library materials usage. The study also examines OPAC search transactions of circulated items to learn how enriched metadata is used. The findings show that enhanced records were overall associated with higher circulation rates and that keyword search was the most frequently used search option directly associated with circulation. Contents data can play a key role in discovery. Libraries should continue to provide and exploit content-enriched metadata. The combination of optimal library system data mining capability, postsearching evaluation, and OPAC display are crucial to achieve content-enriched access.
Measuring Association between Library Instruction and Graduation GPA
Authors: Wong Shun Han Rebekah , Cmor Dianne
Published: June 2014

Academic libraries devote considerable human resources in delivering library instruction programs. This study attempts to determine if these instructional efforts have any measurable effect on student performance in terms of overall grades. Library workshop attendance and graduation GPA of over 8,000 students was analyzed at Hong Kong Baptist University. It was found that, if more than one or two library workshops were offered to students within the course of their program, there was a higher tendency of workshop attendance having a positive impact on final GPA. The results indicate that library instruction has a direct correlation with student performance, but only if a certain minimum amount of instruction is provided.
Information Literacy Instruction and Assessment in an Honors College Science Fundamentals Course
Authors: Johnson Corey M. , Anelli Carol M. , Galbraith Betty J. , Green Kimberly A.
Published: June 2014

The Washington State University Honors College course, UH 290, “Science as a Way of Knowing,” engages freshmen in scientific inquiry and scholarly literature research. The UH 290 instructor, a learning design consultant, and two librarians collaborated to develop and deliver the course’s information literacy curriculum. The team used student surveys, research blogs, case studies, library instruction sessions, homework problem sets and exams. Students gained from scaffolded instruction including hands-on practice activities and feedback; embedded assessments informed adjustments to the course syllabus and activities. This case study details the progressively improved use of this approach and these tools over two semesters.
Open Access Publishing: What Authors Want
Authors: Nariani Rajiv , Fernandez Leila
Published: June 2014

Campus-based open access author funds are being considered by many academic libraries as a way to support authors publishing in open access journals. Article processing fees for open access have been introduced recently by publishers and have not yet been widely accepted by authors. Few studies have surveyed authors on their reasons for publishing open access and their perceptions of open access journals. The present study was designed to gauge the uptake of library support for author funding and author satisfaction with open access publishing. Results indicate that York University authors are increasingly publishing in open access journals and are appreciative of library funding initiatives. The wider implications of open access are discussed along with specific recommendations for publishers.
Interlibrary Loan Requests for Locally Available Materials: WorldCat Local’s Impact
Authors: Gaffney Megan
Published: June 2014

Several studies have researched the reasons and patterns for academic library users’ interlibrary loan requests for materials already available at their college or university library. This study examines interlibrary loan statistics at the University of Delaware for four academic years to determine whether WorldCat Local impacts requests for locally available material. Data show that WorldCat Local does reduce this type of request, particularly when users are requesting returnable loans of materials such as books or audiovisual items rather than copies of articles.
A Faceted Taxonomy for Rating Student Bibliographies in an Online Information Literacy Game
Authors: Leeder Chris , Markey Karen , Yakel Elizabeth
Published: June 2014

This study measured the quality of student bibliographies through creation of a faceted taxonomy flexible and fine-grained enough to encompass the variety of online sources cited by today’s students. The taxonomy was developed via interviews with faculty, iterative refinement of categories and scoring, and testing on example student bibliographies. It was then applied to evaluate the final bibliographies created in BiblioBouts, an online social game created to teach undergraduates information literacy skills. The scores of players and nonplayers were compared and showed a positive impact from the game. Findings of the evaluations of these student bibliographies are discussed.
Constrained? An Analysis of U.S. Academic Library Shifts in Spending, Staffing, and Utilization, 1998–2008
Authors: Regazzi John J.
Published: June 2014

The study provides an analysis of U.S. academic library spending, staffing and utilization trends from data collected during the period between 1998 and 2008. Data used in this study are part of the NCES biennial survey of approximately 3,700 degree-granting postsecondary institutions. Confirming previous studies, there has been an order of magnitude change in the expenditure of e-books and e-serials; but, contrary to the view of being fiscally restrained, libraries have received investments and increases of approximately 12 percent above inflation over the period with significant increases in nearly every area of library operation. Library staffing is being diversified, while use of physical library assets are in decline for every metric in the study—gate count, reference service, general and reserve circulation. Academic libraries cannot be treated as a homogenous group of institutions, and the study analyzes shifts by type, size, and Carnegie class of institution, illustrating significant difference among these classes of academic libraries, particularly among large doctoral institutions and other academic libraries, with large public and doctoral private institutions driving growth, while small and medium-sized academic libraries have fallen behind in both collections and staff investments.
Project Portfolio Management for Academic Libraries: A Gentle Introduction
Authors: Vinopal Jennifer
Published: June 2014

In highly dynamic, service-oriented environments like academic libraries, much staff time is spent on initiatives to implement new products and services to meet users’ evolving needs. Yet even in an environment where a sound project management process is applied, if we’re not properly planning, managing, and controlling the organization’s work in the aggregate, we will have difficulty achieving our strategic goals. Project portfolio management provides a way to ensure that this project work supports the organization’s strategic vision, the active projects represent the highest priorities of the organization, and there are enough resources to accomplish all the project work at hand.
Usage-Based Collection Evaluation with a Curricular Focus
Authors: Kohn Karen C.
Published: June 2014

Systematic evaluation of a library’s collection can be a useful tool for collection development. After reviewing three evaluation methods and their usefulness for our small academic library, I undertook a usage-based evaluation, focusing on narrow segments of our collection that served specific undergraduate courses. For each section, I collected data on the number of books owned, number of checkouts in the past four years, and number of unique books used. Using examples from the data, I discuss possible ways to interpret and act on the data. I also note how the knowledge gained from this evaluation fits into the larger toolkit of librarian competencies for collection development.
Give ’Em What They Want: A One-Year Study of Unmediated Patron-Driven Acquisition of e-Books
Authors: Fischer Karen S. , Wright Michael , Clatanoff Kathleen , Barton Hope , Shreeves Edward
Published: June 2014

In September 2009, the University of Iowa Libraries embarked on an experiment with patron-driven acquisition (PDA) of e-books with ebrary and YBP. An e-book–only PDA plan was initiated, entirely unmediated and with instantaneous access to the content. MARC records were loaded for each title, determined by our YBP approval profile and other limitations, for a total of 12,000 PDA records. Usage, cost, subject, and publisher data were analyzed for 850 purchased PDA e-books and thousands of other ebrary subscription titles. Results indicate that PDA can be a useful and effective tool for meeting user needs and building the local collection, but the role of PDA in the library’s collection management program presents challenges as well as opportunities.
Deal or No Deal? Evaluating Big Deals and Their Journals
Authors: Blecic Deborah D. , Wiberley Stephen E. , Fiscella Joan B. , Bahnmaier-Blaszczak Sara , Lowery Rebecca
Published: June 2014

This paper presents methods to develop metrics that compare Big Deal journal packages and the journals within those packages. Deal-level metrics guide selection of a Big Deal for termination. Journal-level metrics guide selection of individual subscriptions from journals previously provided by a terminated deal. The paper argues that, while the proposed metrics provide helpful quantitative data for comparative analysis, selection of individual subscriptions must also involve informed judgment about a library’s subject coverage needs and alternative sources of access. The paper also discusses how replacing a Big Deal with a reduced number of individual subscriptions may affect the collections budget, use of other resources, and interlibrary loan.
A Framework for Studying Organizational Innovation in Research Libraries
Authors: Jantz Ronald C.
Published: June 2014

The objective of this paper is two-fold: to propose a theoretical framework and model for studying organizational innovation in research libraries and to set forth propositions that can provide directions for future empirical studies of innovation in research libraries. Research libraries can be considered members of a class of organizations referred to here as institutional nonprofits. As such, these organizations inherit many of the innovative properties that are associated with the broader sector of service organizations. However, institutional nonprofits have unique characteristics that distinguish them from other service organizations such as government agencies and for-profit service firms. In this paper, institutional theory is used to explain the forces that are acting on the research library. Research from organizational learning, structural contingency theory, and typologies of service organizations are used to establish a more encompassing innovation framework. Based on the literature review, the theoretical framework, and empirical studies, this paper presents a process model and propositions that characterize how the research library might innovate. These propositions can be tested in empirical studies to develop a fuller understanding of innovation in research libraries.
American Indian Studies, Multiculturalism, and the Academic Library
Authors: Alexander David L.
Published: June 2014

The current status of multicultural and diversity efforts suggests the need for incorporating into the discussion of librarianship an understanding of previously underrepresented populations such as the American Indian. American Indian Studies speaks from the American Indian perspective and addresses the contemporary condition of American Indians. This article discusses the nature of American Indian Studies and provides suggestions for what librarians can do to support American Indian Studies programs and American Indian students. This example illustrates the importance of acknowledging the validity of diverse worldviews.
Copyright Policy and Practice in Electronic Reserves among ARL Libraries
Authors: Hansen David R. , Cross William M. , Edwards Phillip M.
Published: June 2014

This paper presents the results of a survey of 110 ARL institutions regarding their copyright policies for providing electronic reserves. It compiles descriptive statistics on library practice as well as coding responses to reveal trends and shared practices. Finally, it presents conclusions about policy making, decision making and risk aversion in ARL institutions.
Information-Seeking Habits of Education Faculty
Authors: Rupp-Serrano Karen , Robbins Sarah
Published: June 2014

This study explores the information-seeking behavior of academic education faculty from twenty large public research universities. The investigation includes an examination of how frequently education faculty seek or access information, how they stay up-to-date on current developments in the field and identify less recent journal literature, how valuable library resources and services are to their information needs, and the importance of library research to the field of education. The responses from the survey participants emphasize the importance of electronic access to scholarly journals and library databases and the continuing value of books, both print and electronic, for meeting the information and research needs of education faculty.
Usage Patterns of Open Genomic Data
Authors: Xia Jingfeng , Liu Ying
Published: June 2014

This paper uses Genome Expression Omnibus (GEO), a data repository in biomedical sciences, to examine the usage patterns of open data repositories. It attempts to identify the degree of recognition of data reuse value and understand how e-science has impacted a large-scale scholarship. By analyzing a list of 1,211 publications that cite GEO data to support their independent studies, it discovers that free data can support a wealth of high-quality investigations, that the rate of open data use keeps growing over the years, and that scholars in different countries show different rates of complying with data-sharing policies.
The Daily Image Information Needs and Seeking Behavior of Chinese Undergraduate Students
Authors: Huang Kun , Kelly Diane
Published: June 2014

A survey was conducted at Beijing Normal University to explore subjects’ motives for image seeking; the image types they need; how and where they seek images; and the difficulties they encounter. The survey also explored subjects’ attitudes toward current image services and their perceptions of how university libraries might provide assistance. Based on the findings, this article summarizes the features of Chinese undergraduate students’ daily image needs and their information behavior related to images. The findings reveal the need to improve the image services offered by academic libraries and strengthen undergraduates’ information literacy with respect to image search and use.
Trends in Image Use by Historians and the Implications for Librarians and Archivists
Authors: Harris Valerie , Hepburn Peter
Published: June 2014

For years, libraries have offered reproduction services to users, with historians being the core audience. More recently, archives and special collections have developed digitization programs to make primary sources widely available through the Internet. The authors tracked image use from 2000 through 2009 in journals from the discipline of history to discover whether use of images has increased with the growing availability of digital images through libraries, or from social media sites such as Flickr. The study discusses the results, which show no increase in the inclusion of images in the literature, and the implications for librarians and archivists.
The York Digital Journals Project: Strategies for Institutional Open Journal Systems Implementations
Authors: Kosavic Andrea
Published: June 2014

Embarking on a universitywide journal-hosting initiative can be a resource-intensive undertaking. Providing such a service, however, can be equally rewarding, as it positions the library as both partner and colleague in the publishing process. This paper discusses ideas and strategies for institutional journal hosting gleaned over two years by the York Digital Journals Project. Suggestions for startup including policy considerations and service models are discussed. Ideas for advertising and networking are explored as well as the question of project sustainability.
Paths of Discovery: Comparing the Search Effectiveness of EBSCO Discovery Service, Summon, Google Scholar, and Conventional Library Resources
Authors: Asher Andrew D. , Duke Lynda M. , Wilson Suzanne
Published: June 2014

In 2011, researchers at Bucknell University and Illinois Wesleyan University compared the search efficacy of Serial Solutions Summon, EBSCO Discovery Service, Google Scholar, and conventional library databases. Using a mixed-methods approach, qualitative and quantitative data were gathered on students’ usage of these tools. Regardless of the search system, students exhibited a marked inability to effectively evaluate sources and a heavy reliance on default search settings. This article describes these results and makes recommendations for libraries considering these tools.
External Reporting Lines of Academic Special Libraries: A Health Sciences Case Study
Authors: Buhler Amy G. , Ferree Nita , Cataldo Tara T. , Tennant Michele R.
Published: June 2014

Very little literature exists on the nature of external reporting lines and funding structures of academic special libraries. This study focuses on academic health sciences libraries. The authors analyze information gathered from statistics published by the Association of Academic Health Sciences Libraries (AAHSL) from 1977 through 2007; an anonymous online survey of AAHSL library directors; and phone conversations with a select number of directors who were willing to take part in follow-up interviews. The history of changing trends in reporting lines over the years and a view of the diverse arrangements, including strengths and weaknesses, currently existing in academic institutions are examined.
Assessing Library Scholarship: Experience at a Land Grant University
Authors: Wirth Andrea A. , Kelly Maureen , Webster Janet
Published: June 2014

Library faculty are often tenure track, requiring a record of significant publishing and service before achieving tenure. However, meaningful tools and methods for evaluating the scholarship of librarianship frequently fall short of providing an accurate picture of the scholarship of any particular candidate. The authors conducted a case study analyzing the research output of Oregon State University (OSU) Libraries’ faculty using the Boyer Classifications1 and Blake’s research methodologies.2 Broadening our view of acceptable formats and outlets and learning how to communicate and assess our scholarship within the academy are key issues that require continued exploration.
Library School Faculty Member Perceptions Regarding Faculty Status for Academic Librarians
Authors: Wyss Paul Alan
Published: June 2014

The faculties of the library schools listed as ALA-accredited are directly involved in setting the direction of the education provided to academic librarians through curriculum development and teaching. The curricula and teaching at ALA-accredited library schools revolve around aspects of librarianship such as providing research assistance at a reference desk, collection development, and cataloging; but they do not address preparing the recipients of the MLS for the demands of faculty status at a college or university library. Thus, while academic librarians may be well prepared to assume professional duties in an academic setting, they may be less well prepared to perform activities such as research and publication that are required of faculty members seeking tenure and promotion.
Until this descriptive study, the faculties of the ALA-accredited library schools had not been surveyed as a population in regard to their perceptions about faculty status for academic librarians, nor had they been surveyed about how education at library schools prepared academic librarians for faculty roles. As a result, it was vital that the faculties of the ALA-accredited library schools were surveyed so that their thoughts on faculty status for academic librarians and the education that prepares librarians for faculty roles could be known.
Seeking Full Citizenship: A Defense of Tenure Faculty Status for Librarians
Authors: Coker Catherine , VanDuinkerken Wyoma , Bales Stephen
Published: June 2014

Tenure status for library faculty in the academic environment is coming under increasing attack from administration, faculty members in other departments, and non-academics. This is due to incorrect perceptions about what academic librarians do and how they serve their profession. This paper describes the many challenges faculty librarians face in balancing their work load with service and scholarship; justifies why academic librarians need tenure; and ultimately proves that tenure and faculty status for academic librarians are an absolute necessity.
The Academic Library Impact on Student Persistence
Authors: Emmons Mark , Wilkinson Frances C.
Published: June 2014

What impact does the academic library have on student persistence? This study explores the relationship between traditional library input and output measures of staff, collections, use, and services with fall-to-fall retention and six-year graduation rates at Association of Research Libraries member libraries. When controlling for race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status, a linear regression finds that a change in the ratio of library professional staff to students predicts a statistically significant positive relationship with both retention and graduation rates.
Librarians’ Attitudes toward Knowledge Management
Authors: Aharony Noa
Published: June 2014

The purpose of this research is to develop an understanding of the factors that support or constrain the individual’s sharing knowledge in the organization. The current study seeks to explore whether personality (self-efficacy and self-esteem) and situational (cognitive appraisal: threat versus challenge) characteristics influence participants’ knowledge sharing in the organization. The research was conducted during the summer semester of the 2009 academic year and encompassed two main groups of Israeli librarians: academic librarians and public librarians. The study used five questionnaires: a personal details questionnaire, perceptions towards knowledge management questionnaire, a cognitive appraisal questionnaire measuring threat versus challenge, a self-efficacy questionnaire, and a self-esteem questionnaire. The results show that personality and situational characteristics influence participants’ knowledge sharing in the organization. The findings may have theoretical as well as practical implications.
Facebook as a Library Tool: Perceived vs. Actual Use
Authors: Jacobson Terra B.
Published: June 2014

As Facebook has come to dominate the social networking site arena, more libraries have created their own library pages on Facebook to create library awareness and to function as a marketing tool. This paper examines reported versus actual use of Facebook in libraries to identify discrepancies between intended goals and actual use. The results of a 2009 study about the use of Facebook in libraries are used as a guide to gauge the perceived and actual uses for Facebook in this study. Results of the test reveal that the two ranks are not statistically different, but that there is a noticeable difference when looking at the perceived and actual rankings qualitatively.
Students Use More Books after Library Instruction: An Analysis of Undergraduate Paper Citations
Authors: Cooke Rachel , Rosenthal Danielle
Published: June 2014

In fall 2008, students from first-year Composition I and upper-level classes at Florida Gulf Coast University participated in a citation analysis study. The citation pages of their research papers revealed that the students used more books, more types of sources, and more overall sources when a librarian provided instruction. When these results were compared to those produced by students in upper-level classes (all of whom received instruction), it was discovered that, as the class level increased, the number of citations and the percentage of scholarly citations generally increased and there was a high preference for books from all disciplines, especially history.
The Reference Interview in Archival Literature
Authors: Malbin Susan L.
Published: June 2014

This essay reviews the two major strands of modern archival writing about reference. The first stresses the importance of subject-finding aids; the second relies on traditional forms of archival retrieval. In recent years, each has emphasized the gains to be achieved by using new technology. However, the literature seems to be missing a crucial step: the continued, or even increased, importance of the reference interview in a technological environment. This essay raises issues for research about archival reference and calls for improved education for archivists in negotiating the reference interview.
A Question of Quality: How Authors and Editors Perceive Library Literature
Authors: Floyd Barbara L. , Phillips John C.
Published: June 2014

Librarians with faculty status are expected to do research and publish just as their teaching colleagues do. But unlike teaching faculty, most librarians have neither flexible work schedules nor nine-month contracts that are conducive to ongoing research and publication. This means that the requirement to publish in order to be a successful academic often competes with the requirement to perform daily work in order to be a successful librarian. One of the reasons the authors undertook this study was to examine whether the pressure to publish on most academic librarians has an impact on the quality of the literature appearing in library journals. Authors and editors of twenty-two library journals were surveyed to see how both sides of the publishing equation feel about the quality of their end product. This study reveals interesting findings about both editors and authors of library literature, and concludes with suggestions for improving the publishing process.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in ARL Libraries
Authors: Thornton Joyce K.
Published: June 2014

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), commonly found in manufacturing operations, is spreading from this traditional haunt to nontraditional settings. Libraries are one setting where employees are sustaining an increasing number of CTS injuries. This study reports the results of a survey of the libraries holding membership in the Association of Research Libraries. Based on information obtained via a questionnaire, the study reports the incidences of CTS and the measures libraries are taking to cope with this pervasive health condition. Repeated comments from respondents also are included. This article concludes by listing recommendations to help reduce carpal tunnel syndrome.
Information As a Strategic Contingency: Applying the Strategic Contingencies Theory of Intraorganizational Power to Academic Libraries
Authors: Crawford Gregory A.
Published: June 2014

This research examines the changes that electronic information technologies have caused on power within organizations. Based on the strategic contingencies theory of intraorganizational power, a model of organizational power is developed and tested. Major features of the model include a technology index, subunit power variables, environmental variables, and bases of power variables (structure, coping with uncertainty, centrality, and substitutability). According to canonical correlation analyses, changes in library automation and changes in the environment are related to changes in both the bases of power variables and power itself. The bases of power, in turn, are related to changes in the power of the library as measured by the percent of the institutional budget allocated to the library, the number of library positions, and the perception of power.
Networking and the Role of the Academic Systems Librarian: An Evolutionary Perspective
Authors: Lavagnino Merri Beth
Published: June 2014

This paper explores the role of the academic systems librarian from an evolutionary perspective, with a primary focus on the effect that networking technologies have had on this role. Stages of evolution of this role are described, using examples from the literature and from surveys taken over the past few years. The author discusses new tasks the systems librarian has added as a result of this fundamental technological change, outlines trends in the field that are occurring in reaction to this change, and proposes some thoughts for the next stage of development of the systems librarian role.
The Shape of Services to Come: Values-Based Reference Service for the Largely Digital Library
Authors: Ferguson Chris D. , Bunge Charles A.
Published: June 2014

Much has been said about the technological dimensions of the largely digital library of the future, but little has been said about the service values librarians must advance to make this environment work effectively for all of the library’s users. Libraries must retain the timeless service values of equity of access, personal service, and services tailored to the needs of individuals while exploring new values such as integrating technologies, maintaining holistic computing environments, delivering core services through the network, making technology work for all, and collaborating across administrative lines.
Evaluating Review Content for Book Selection: An Analysis of American History Reviews in Choice, American Historical Review, and Journal of American History
Authors: Natowitz Allen , Carlo Paula Wheeler
Published: June 2014

This study applies content analysis to compare assessments of 153 titles in American history, each reviewed in Choice, American Historical Review (AHR), and Journal of American History (JAH) between 1988 and 1995. A numerical rating system is used to quantify reviewers’ overall opinions and their use of specific evaluative criteria. Study findings include: most books were praised in all three journals; the mean overall rating was highest in Choice and lowest in JAH; little agreement existed in identifying either outstanding titles or inferior titles; reviews in Choice contained the fewest evaluative criteria, but appeared 8.5 to 10.6 months prior to reviews of the same titles in JAH and AHR.
The Missing Women Library Directors: Deprivation versus Mentoring
Authors: Kirkland Janice J.
Published: June 2014

Why is the percentage of women academic library directors much lower than the percentage of women in the profession as a whole? This article examines survey responses to conclude that factors blocking the advancement of women library directors include deprivation behavior or antimentoring, which supports a glass ceiling. A second survey finds that mentoring is a central factor in career advancement of many women library directors.
Online Catalogs from the Users’ Perspective: The Use of Focus Group Interviews
Authors: Connaway Lynn Silipigni , Johnson Debra Wilcox , Searing Susan E.
Published: June 2014

In an attempt to elicit information from the users of the University of Wisconsin-Madison’s online catalog, Network Library System (NLS), the General Library System (GLS), conducted focus group interviews with undergraduate students, graduate students, and faculty. Undergraduate students tend to utilize subject searching capabilities. Graduate students and faculty utilize subject searching only as a last resort; they typically search by known author or title. A significant number of the participants reported experience with library online catalogs other than NLS, although the majority of faculty reported very little experience with other online catalogs. All the focus group participants, but particularly the undergraduate students, evidenced confusion between keyword searching and searching using controlled vocabulary. Inclusion of circulation status in the bibliographic record was identified as an important feature of the catalog.
The Library Department Head in the Context of Matrix Management and Reengineering
Authors: Bloss Alex , Lanier Don
Published: June 2014

Academic libraries are experiencing significant organizational changes that are having an impact on the library department head. The library department head’s job has undergone a dramatic shift from what was, until relatively recently, the typical middle manager’s line command position in the bureaucratic hierarchy. Literature analyzing these changes has been reviewed and is discussed in the context of a specific effort to reengineer library technical service operations.
Navigating Online Menus: A Quantitative Experiment
Authors: Eliasen Karen , McKinstry Jill , Fraser Beth Mabel , Babbitt Elizabeth P.
Published: June 2014

A uniform interface to multiple, varied databases enhances searching and reduces the need for end-user training. The uniformity, however, can make it more difficult to select appropriate resources. This article describes a quantitative study at the University of Washington Libraries that examined the effect of terminology and screen layout on students’ ability to correctly select databases from an introductory screen, the Session Manager. Results indicate a significant improvement in students’ ability to navigate menu screens where terminology is expanded and selections are grouped by type. Implications for other projects, including Web design decisions, are suggested.
University Professional and Managerial Staff: Information Needs and Seeking
Authors: Hassard Wilkins Janie L. , Leckie Gloria J.
Published: June 2014

This study examines the work-related information needed and sought by professional and managerial staff of a large university. Through personal contacts, the Internet, and departmental sources, professional staff are able to readily satisfy many of their daily and short-term work-related information needs with minimal use of the library. However, because their jobs are multifaceted and complex, these staff members frequently are engaged in longer-term activities (such as project development, report writing) requiring more intensive library use, which often is perceived to be frustrating and time-consuming. The implications of these findings for academic libraries are discussed.
Recommendations for Benchmarking Web Site Usage among Academic Libraries
Authors: Hightower Christy , Sih Julie , Tilghman Adam
Published: June 2014

The Web sites that academic libraries are developing for their research communities represent an important new aspect of information management. Comparative statistical analysis of Web site usage among similar institutions would improve librarians’ ability to evaluate the effectiveness of their efforts. A centralized voluntary reporting structure for Web server usage statistics, coordinated by the Association of Research Libraries’ (ARL’s) Office of Statistics, would provide a significant service to academic librarians. Factors to consider in designing such a benchmarking program are discussed, based on a pilot study of Web site usage statistics from fourteen science and technology libraries.
Explaining User Satisfaction with Academic Libraries: Strategic Implications
Authors: Andaleeb Syed Saad , Simmonds Patience L.
Published: June 2014

Competitive pressures, information availability, rising costs, and an increasingly aware and selective student population mandate that academic libraries become more user focused. This calls for a better understanding of the specific needs of library users in order to provide the appropriate type and level of service that meets those needs. This study proposes and tests a five-factor model to explain user satisfaction with academic libraries. Students availing the services of three academic libraries in Erie, Pennsylvania, were surveyed over a period of three semesters. The model explained 64 percent of the variation in the dependent variable. Strategic implications of the proposed model are discussed.
Libraries, Language, and Change: Defining the Information Present
Authors: Billings Harold
Published: June 2014

Changes in the information world are resulting in new concepts of resource sharing, new practices in the management of library resources, and an expanding role for libraries in the educational process. However, such concepts have not necessarily been identified, named, and defined in the language of contemporary librarianship. Although librarians and their associates in the information and educational processes need to be made aware of these subtle, but powerful, new issues, discussions cannot easily proceed until there is a shared understanding of them in the language of review and debate. This paper introduces three themes that encompass these issues: distance information, managed information, and transformational budgeting.