bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography Bronchography and Angiography Reconstruction in Thoracoscopic Segmentectomy and Segmental Structure Analysis
Authors: Yang Pan Chao , Xu Guoqiu , Xu Bin , Gan Wei , Liu Yunkun , Wei Guangxia , Jiang Lei , Huang Yunhe , Ye Chun-Lin
Published: January 2021

In thoracoscopic segmentectomy, accurate preoperative identification of intersegmental vessels, bronchi, and the surgical safety margin is vital. We applied three dimensional computed tomography bronchography and angiography (3D-CTBA) reconstruction to appropriately plan thoracoscopic
segmentectomy for Patients with pulmonary nodules. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness and accuracy of 3D-CTBA reconstruction for the identification of segmental anatomical structures and variation during thoracoscopic segmentectomy.We retrospectively analyzed data of 30 patients
who underwent 3D-CTBA reconstruction before thoracoscopic segmentectomy between January and May 2019 in the Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University. We compared the individual target segment arteries, veins, and bronchi identified during surgery with
the preoperative 3D-CTBA model to evaluate its effectiveness and accuracy. The accuracy of the preoperative 3D-CTBA model for the identification of target segmental arteries, veins, and bronchi was 99.08% (108/109), 98.39% (122/124), and 100% (118/118), respectively. Through 3DCTBA modeling,
we found mediastinal and interlobar types of lingular segmental arteries in six patients, and central veins were not found in seven patients. In addition, we detected rare anatomical variations in two patients; one patient had the right apical segmental bronchus that stemmed solely from the
right primary bronchus (tracheal bronchus), and the other had rare right basal segmental variant bronchi and vessels. The 3D-CTBA model can precisely predict segmental bronchi and vessels and identify anatomical structure variations before operation, which can aid surgeons to avoid incorrect
operation and improve surgical efficiency. This has important implications for thoracoscopic segmentectomy.
Physical Simulation Study on Influence of Iron Ore Melting Point on Cohesive Zone and Material Layer
Authors: Zhou Xiaolei , Zhang Chuang , Pu Song , Yang Kai , Shi Zhe
Published: January 2021

A physical model of melting furnace for producing molten iron is established. Paraffin particles are used to simulate ores. Corn particles are used to simulate coke. The gas phase temperature in the furnace was measured with a temperature sensor. The temperature gradient analysis was
used to study the effect of cohesive zone on the material layer. The study found that the higher the melting point of the experimental materials, the higher the cohesive zone temperature, resulting in the higher the overall temperature of the material layer, which is conducive to improving
the utilization rate of gas. At the same time, the heat transfer process of cohesive zone will become more intense. The results presented in this paper will have certain guiding significance for the research of cohesive zone and solid layer of blast furnace.
Clinical Significance of miR-575 in Ovarian Cancer and Its Effect on Ovarian Cancer Cells
Authors: Wang Jie , Zhou Weixin , Gan Xilun , Yang Jianbo
Published: January 2021

Ovarian cancer (OC) is a common form of gynecological cancer that increases in incidence annually, seriously threatening the health and safety of patients. The critical role of miR-575 in multiple neoplastic diseases has already been well established. We suspected that miRNA-575 may
be strongly associated with the occurrence of OC and may be the key to OC diagnosis and treatment in the future. To test this hypothesis, we selected 68 OC patients (research group, or RG) who were admitted to our hospital and 60 concurrent healthy controls (control group, or CG) as the study
participants. Human OC cell lines A2780, OVCAR-3, and SK-OV-3, and human normal ovarian epithelial cells IOSE80 were used in this study. Nanoparticle-assisted polymerase chain reaction (Nano-PCR), was used to identify miRNA-575 expression and its diagnostic implications in OC. miRNA-575 expression
in OC cells and its influence on OC cell biological behaviors were investigated, and the correlation between miR-575 and the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) was discussed. The results revealed a highly expressed miRNA-575 in OC. Detection of biological behaviors was conducted after transfection
of miRNA-575 into OC cells. Cell proliferation and invasion in the mimics-miRNA-575 group was statistically enhanced compared to the negative control (NC) and ininhibition-miRNA-575 groups, and the apoptosis and apoptosis protein count significantly declined (P < 0.05). Subsequently,
PTEN was observed to present a lower expression in OC cells. Online target gene analysis website (http://www.targetscan.org/vert_72/) identified the related sites that could bind miR-575 and PTEN. PTEN protein detection in the mimics-miR-575, ininhibition-miR-575, and NC groups showed that
the PTEN protein expression in the mimics-miR-575 group was reduced in comparison with that of the other groups, while that for ininhibition-miR-575 was elevated compared to that of the NC group (P < 0.05). Therefore, we came to the conclusion that a high expression of miR-575 can
bolster OC cell proliferation and invasion and inhibit apoptosis, while the impact of miR-575 on OC cells may be achieved via targeting the PTEN protein. miR-575 presents important clinical applications in OC diagnosis as an underlying therapeutic target of OC and is a major breakthrough toward
future OC research.
Liposomal Nanoparticle-Mediated miR-27b Influences Osteogenic Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells via Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma in a Microgravity Environment
Authors: He Zhiwei , Zhu Yan , Fan Gentao , Qian Hongbo
Published: January 2021

This study was aimed at analyzing the effects of liposomal nanoparticle-based miR-27b on PPARγ and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells under microgravity. The rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were set as the research object, and the gyroscope
was employed for simulation of microgravity. The cells were randomized into four groups, including the experimental group A (simulated microgravity+liposomal nanoparticle-mediated miR-27b transfection group), as well as the control groups: group B (simulated microgravity+negative control group),
group C (simulated microgravity+transfection reagent group) and group D (normal gravity+liposomal nanoparticle-mediatedmiR-27b transfection group). After a two-week osteogenic induction in vitro, staining was performed to assess the lipogenesis rate of the samples. In addition, ALP
activity and PPARγ mRNA level was detected. The number of alizarin staining-positive osteogenic nodules and ALP activity (0.21±0.44 King unit) in group A was significantly diminished compared to those in group B, C, and D. Moreover, its lipogenesis rate (9.31±1.02%)
and PPARγ mRNA level (1.86±0.39) were significantly higher than those in group B, C, and D (P < 0.05). The number of alizarin staining-positive osteogenic nodules and ALP activity (0.96±0.18 King unit) in group D were significantly reduced in comparison
with those in groups B and C, while the lipogenesis rate (4.86±0.77%) and PPARγ mRNA level (0.93±0.34) were significantly higher than those in group B and C (P < 0.05) without difference between group B and group C (P > 0.05). Under a microgravity
condition, liposomal nanoparticle-mediated miR-27b can impede the differentiation of BMSCs into osteoblasts via regulating PPARγ signal transduction.
Facile Synthesis and Nano-Silver Encapsulation of Paeonia emodi for Cardioprotective and Antihyperlipidemic Nursing Care Potentials
Authors: Wang Baihe , Li Ying , Luan Hua , Zhang Zhen
Published: January 2021

Paeonia emodi is a medicinal plant that is a vital family group of Paeoniaceae and traditionally utilized for treating cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension, heart failure, atherosclerosis, epilepsy, and palpitations. In this work, we have constructed P. emodi
(Pemodi. EA) ethyl acetate subsegment of which was exposed to gain fractions via column chromatography. These subsegments were confirmed by various electroscopic methods. Further, the subsegments were examined for their cardioprotective property on induced isoproterenol hydrochloride (ISO)
myocardial infractions (MIs) in nude mice. Pemodi-EA-40 was utilized with maximum segment for synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Pemodi.EA-40@AgNPs). The extreme active segments Pe-EA-40 were examined for antihyperlipidemic, cardioprotective, and histopathological examinations. The body weights
of Pemodi.EA-40 (100 mg/kg) remarkably reduced the blood levels of Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Lactic Acid Dehydrogenase (LDH), and Creatine Phosphokinase (CPK) associated with induced ISO treated groups. Pemodi.EA-40@AgNPs also reduced the ALT, AST, LDH,
and CPK connected to the Pemodi.EA-40, respectively. The biochemical parameters and histological results reduced the changes as compared to induced ISO treated groups. The outcomes of our examinations proposed that the Pemodi.EA-40@AgNPs medicinal plant improves beneficial profiles of medicinal
plant extract fragments for treatments and nursing care of myocardial infractions and atherosclerosis.
Evaluation of Immune Function of Mycelium Fermentation of Hirsutella sinensisin In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Liu Bing , Ding De , Zhao Ping , Zhang Xinguo , Tian Zhenji , Xia Xingxing , Zhang Zihao
Published: January 2021

In order to confirm whether HSFL (the fermented liquor of mycelia of Hirsutella sinensis) still contains cordycepin, Cordyceps polysaccharide and other functional components, and has the functions of anti-oxidation, tumor inhibition and immunity enhancement, the biological
activity of HSFL In Vivo and in vitro was studied in this study. The transformation ability of mouse spleen lymphocytes induced by ConA, the activity of NK cells in mouse spleen, the delayed allergic reaction induced by DNFB and the phagocytosis of chicken red cells by mouse
peritoneal macrophages were studied. The results showed that when the concentration of HSFL was 0.5972 mg/kg and 1.1944 mg/kg, the transformation of lymphocytes induced by ConA and the activity of NK cells were significantly increased. HSFL also can significantly improve DNFB induced anaphylaxis
in mice and phagocytosis of chicken erythrocytes by peritoneal macrophages in mice when the dose of HSFL is 50 mg/kg and 75 mg/kg, indicating that HSFL has the biological activity of enhancing immunity in vitro and In Vivo.
Extremely Effective Visible Light-Driven Generation of Hydrogen by Sol–Gel LaFeO3-Decorated g-C3N4 Photocatalyst
Authors: Al-Khthami Nada D. , Alsawat Mohammed , Mohamed Reda M. , Alghamdi Yousef G. , Zaki Zaki I.
Published: January 2021

In order to create a new design for an efficient photocatalyst, you need to decrease the obtained band gap and isolate the charge carriers photogenerated while setting up a new visible light methodology. The latter option could be accomplished via combination of catalyst in the metal
oxide form over the surface of semiconductor. Hence, the current work aimed at synthesizing a new nanocomposite material from LaFeO3/g-C3N4 through the use of mesoporous silica as a template processing g-C3N4 higher surface area, which
was subsequently decorated with LaFeO3. The LaFeO3 of variable content of 1∼4% was used to decorate our targeted basic material. The structure was confirmed by ordinary techniques, in addition to photocatalytic ability via splitting water reaction. g-C3N4
and LaFeO3 photocatalytic efficiencies were compared to the newly developed LaFeO3/g-C3N4 nanocomposites showing their outstanding activity. The optimum LaFeO3 content was confirmed as 3%, which gave higher photocatalytic efficiency against
both g-C3N4 and LaFeO3 (34 and 21 times respectively). To enhance the catalytic system efficiency, a scavenger with a positive hole was added as glycerol. A maximum of five runs of higher efficient reuse was examined as required, as well as stable nanocomposite
photocatalyst. The mesoporous structure, high surface area, and capacity of charge separation over the photocatalysis process were all investigated as main conditions which affect photocatalytic activity of LaFeO3/g-C3N4 nanocomposites.
Anti-Bacterial Properties of Bletilla striata Dihydrophenanthrene Against Extended Spectrum β-Lactamases-Carrying and Carbapenem-Resistant Escherichia coli from Hospital Clinical Practice
Authors: Chu Shirun , Chen Fang , Li Jun , Yang Mei , Yue Jungang , Qian Gang
Published: January 2021

The present study was aimed at investigating anti-bacterial effects of Bletilla striata dihydrophenanthrene (DHP) on clinically isolated Escherichia coli (E. coli), including extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs)-carrying E. coli and carbapenem-resistant
E. coli (CRE). The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of two extracts, DHP and residual substances extracted by ethanol and n-butanol (NBE), were determined by the serial dilution method. The light absorption value of macromolecular substances, total leakage rate, and total protein
content in the nutrient solution were determined by spectrophotometric analysis. Quantification of protein expression and drug susceptibility verification were determined by mass spectroscopy. In addition, the elimination of drug-resistant plasmids was evaluated. Our data showed that the DHP
had a more powerful antibacterial effect on E. coli than that of NBE, with MICs of 0.82–1.38 mg/mL and 1.07–1.51 mg/mL, respectively. In addition, DHP enhanced the absorbance value of macromolecular substances, and increased protein expression in E. coli when compared
with NBE. Moreover, NBE increased the total leakage rate of small molecule substances, total protein content, and reversed drug resistance when compared with DHP. Both NBE and DHP eliminated the banding patterns related to multidrugresistant plasmids, selectively inhibited bacterial growth
and reversed multidrug resistance by regulating cell membrane permeability and protein expression levels in E. coli. The reversal of drug resistance may be mediated through elimination of drug-resistant plasmids in E. coli. Therefore, DHP and NBE may be promising antibacterial
drug candidates, and DHP is more likely.
Study on the Expression Spectrum of miRNAs in Peripheral Blood from Patients and the Value of miR-548h-5p in the Diagnosis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Li Chun-Tao , Zhang Jian-Qing , Dai Lu-Ming , Zhang Jia-Qiang , Fang Li-Zhou , Feng Jia-Gang
Published: January 2021

To seek novel miRNAs for the diagnosis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), this study analyzed the differential expression of miRNA from blood samples of COPD patients and healthy smokers (n = 3) by human microarray analysis. Then, some miRNAs were chosen for qRTPCR
validation. A total of 158 miRNAs revealed by microarray analysis have been differentially expressed between the two groups, 33 miRNAs identified to be up-regulated, whereas 125 miRNAs have been down-regulated in COPD. qRT-PCR showed the miR-548h-5p was decreased in the COPD patients compared
with healthy smokers (p = 0.04). The sensitivity and specificity of miR-548h-5p to the diagnosis of COPD were 84.6% and 81.8%, respectively. In conclusion, it is recommend that miR-548h-5p as an approach to the diagnosis of COPD.
CO Catalytic Oxidation Performances of Pd-Doped BaCeO3
Authors: Tan Xihan , Li Ying , Wu Pengpeng
Published: January 2021

A series of palladium doped barium-based cerium (BaCe1-xPdxO3-δ) catalysts were prepared by the sol–gel method. The catalytic properties of BaCe1-xPdxO3-δ for the oxidation
of carbon monoxide were studied. The results show that Pd doping can effectively inhibit the crystal size of catalyst powder, and the specific surface area of the catalyst increases with the increase of doping ratio. Palladium doping significantly improved the catalytic activity of barium
ceric acid-based catalyst for CO oxidation. BaCe0.96Pd0.04O3-δ had the best catalytic activity for CO oxidation. After calcination at high temperature, the BaCeO3 perovskite is stable.
Drivers of Local Ocean Heat Content Variability in ECCOv4
Authors: Tesdal Jan-Erik , Abernathey Ryan P.
Published: January 2021

Variation in upper-ocean heat content is a critical factor in understanding global climate variability. Using temperature anomaly budgets in a two-decade-long physically consistent ocean state estimate (ECCOv4r3; 1992–2015), we describe the balance between atmospheric forcing and ocean transport mechanisms for different depth horizons and at varying temporal and spatial resolutions. Advection dominates in the tropics, while forcing is most relevant at higher latitudes and in parts of the subtropics, but the balance of dominant processes changes when integrating over greater depths and considering longer time scales. While forcing is shown to increase with coarser resolution, overall the heat budget balance between it and advection is remarkably insensitive to spatial scale. A novel perspective on global ocean heat content variability was made possible by combining unsupervised classification with a measure of temporal variability in heat budget terms to identify coherent dynamical regimes with similar underlying mechanisms, which are consistent with prior research. The vast majority of the ocean includes significant contributions by both forcing and advection. However advection-driven regions were identified that coincide with strong currents, such as western boundary currents, the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, and the tropics, while forcing-driven regions were defined by shallower wintertime mixed layers and weak velocity fields. This identification of comprehensive dynamical regimes and the sensitivity of the ocean heat budget analysis to exact resolution (for different depth horizons and at varying temporal and spatial resolutions) should provide a useful orientation for future studies of ocean heat content variability in specific ocean regions.
Gender Differences in Concerns About Participating in Cancer Research During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Fox Louis , Wylie Harriet , Cahill Fee , Haire Anna , Green Saran , Kibaru Joyce , Hartley Catherine , Sullivan Richard , Van Hemelrijck Mieke
Published: January 2021

Introduction:

The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is having major effects on cancer research, including major reductions in participant accrual to cancer clinical trials. Existing research has indicated that these steep drops in accrual rates to cancer clinical trials may be disproportionately affecting women. We sought to determine if there were gender differences in a dataset collected to examine participants’ concerns about taking part in cancer research during the pandemic.

Methods:

Between 5-19 June 2020, we distributed a fully anonymized survey via social media. We contacted 85 UK cancer patient organizations/charities and asked them to share our questionnaire on their platforms, of which 26 obliged. Patients aged 18 with a cancer diagnosis were eligible to participate and asked about their clinical and demographic characteristics, concerns about research participation given the COVID-19 pandemic, anxiety levels measured using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale, amongst other questions. Anxiety levels and concerns about participating were compared between men and women using univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results:

93 individuals, comprising n = 37 women and n = 56 men of various cancer types, provided survey responses. Independent t-tests showed that women reported higher anxiety scores, and concerns about participating in cancer research during COVID-19, than men. Linear regression analyses showed that anxiety scores predicted concerns about research participation in women but not men (pinteraction = 0.002).

Conclusions:

Cancer patients have concerns about participating in research during the COVID-19 pandemic that range from mild to serious. Furthermore, the relationship between general anxiety and concerns about research participation may be both more relevant and more pronounced in women than in men. Future work should examine the reasons why women are less likely to enrol in cancer trials during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Competitive Risk Analysis of Prognosis in Patients With Cecum Cancer: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Wu Wentao , Yang Jin , Li Daning , Huang Qiao , Zhao Fanfan , Feng Xiaojie , Yan Hong , Lyu Jun
Published: January 2021

Background:

The presence of competing risks means that the results obtained using the classic Cox proportional-hazards model for the factors affecting the prognosis of patients diagnosed with cecum cancer (CC) may be biased.

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to establish a competitive risk model for patients diagnosed with CC to evaluate the relevant factors affecting the prognosis of patients, and to compare the results with the classical COX proportional risk model.

Methods:

We extracted data on patients diagnosed with CC registered between 2004 and 2016 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The univariate analysis utilized the cumulative incidence function and Gray’s test, while a multivariate analysis was performed using the Fine-Gray, cause-specific (CS), and Cox proportional-hazards models.

Results:

The 54463 eligible patients diagnosed with CC included 24387 who died: 12087 from CC and 12300 from other causes. The multivariate Fine-Gray analysis indicated that significant factors affecting the prognosis of patients diagnosed with CC include: age, race, AJCC stage, differentiation grade, tumor size, surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and regional lymph nodes metastasis. Due to the presence of competitive risk events, COX model results could not provide accurate estimates of effects and false-negative results occurred. In addition, COX model misestimated the direction of association between regional lymph node metastasis and cumulative risk of death in patients diagnosed with CC. Competitive risk models tend to be more advantageous when analyzing clinical survival data with multiple endpoints.

Conclusions:

The present study can help clinicians to make better clinical decisions and provide patients diagnosed with CC with better support.
Autonomous Peace? The Bangsamoro Region in the Philippines Beyond the 2014 Agreement
Authors: Söderberg Kovacs Mimmi , Höglund Kristine , Jiménez Mélida
Published: January 2021

What kind of peace has emerged in the Bangsamoro region in the Philippines after the 2014 peace agreement? And how does it matter for the prospects of sustainable peace and development? The peace deal between the government of Philippines and the armed group Moro Islamic Liberation Front builds on the establishment of a new autonomous region. The new autonomy has the potential to end a prolonged cycle of armed rebellions. But if it fails to deliver the expected peace dividends, it could also lead to escalating violence. This article uses the Peace Triangle as a conceptual tool to analyse the current status of peace in Bangsamoro. As such, it advances a theoretical understanding of peace that focuses on how autonomy solutions impact on conflict issues, violent behaviour, and conflict attitudes and aid an assessment of the longer term prospects of peace in the wake of autonomy.
The Sustainable Development Goals: An Australian Response
Authors: Pawar Manohar , O’Sullivan Dominic , Cash Belinda , Culas Richard , Langat Kiprono , Manning Andrew , Mungai Ndungi , Rafferty John , Rajamani Satyan , Ward Wesley S.
Published: January 2021

The article critically reviews and discusses the findings and recommendations of the Australian Senate Inquiry into the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs); and suggests strategies to achieving the SDGs within and beyond Australia. By employing the focus group discussion method, it critically discusses the report as per the Inquiry’s terms of reference and looks at Australia’s responses to the SDGs both domestically and internationally. It underscores the engagement of government, including the Official Development Assistance, and non-government organisations, and the private sector. To accelerate the implementation of the SDGs, it argues that greater awareness of the SDGs, attitudinal change and systematic implementation and action are needed locally, nationally and globally. The SDGs require an approach that is beyond national interest, focusing on world development that leaves no one behind.
BiTEs better than CAR T cells
Authors: Subklewe Marion
Published: January 2021

This article has a companion Point by Molina and Shah.
A systematic review of quality of life in sickle cell disease and thalassemia after stem cell transplant or gene therapy
Authors: Badawy Sherif M. , Beg Usman , Liem Robert I. , Chaudhury Sonali , Thompson Alexis A.
Published: January 2021

Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) and thalassemia experience several complications across their lifespan that lead to impairment in different health-related quality of life (HRQOL) domains. There is increasing interest in curative therapies for patients with SCD and thalassemia, including hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) and gene therapy; however, the effect of these therapies on various HRQOL domains remains unclear. Our objective was to systematically evaluate the most recent evidence for the effect of HSCT and gene therapy on HRQOL in patients with SCD and thalassemia. A systematic search of medical literature databases was conducted. A total of 16 studies (thalassemia, n = 9; SCD, n = 6; both, n = 1) involving 517 participants met inclusion criteria (thalassemia, n = 416; SCD, n = 101). HSCT was associated with a small to large positive effects in most HRQOL domains (Cohen’s d; mean = 0.47; median = 0.37; range, 0.27-2.05). In thalassemia, HSCT was frequently associated with large positive effects in physical and emotional HRQOL domains (median d = 0.79 and d = 0.57, respectively). In SCD, HSCT was associated with large positive effects in all HRQOL domains. Emerging data suggest improvement in HRQOL outcomes across different domains following gene therapy in thalassemia and SCD. The quality of evidence was moderate in 13 studies (81%). HSCT has a positive impact on several HRQOL domains in patients with SCD and thalassemia; however, more longitudinal studies are warranted to assess the sustainability of these effects. Reporting HRQOL outcomes from ongoing gene therapy or gene-editing trials in SCD and thalassemia is key to better understand the benefits of such therapies.
Impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the mobility behaviour in Germany
Authors: Anke Juliane , Francke Angela , Schaefer Lisa-Marie , Petzoldt Tibor
Published: January 2021

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic and the measures taken to combat it led to severe constraints for various areas of life, including mobility. To study the effects of this disruptive situation on the mobility behaviour of entire subgroups, and how they shape their mobility in reaction to the special circumstances, can help to better understand, how people react to external changes.

Methodology

Aim of the study presented in this article was to investigate to what extent, how and in what areas mobility behaviour has changed during the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 in Germany. In addition, a focus was put on the comparison of federal states with and without lockdown in order to investigate a possible contribution of this measure to changes in mobility. We asked respondents via an online survey about their trip purposes and trip frequency, their choice of transport mode and the reasons for choosing it in the context of the COVID-19 crisis. For the analyses presented in this paper, we used the data of 4157survey participants (2512 without lockdown, 1645 with lockdown).

Results

The data confirmed a profound impact on the mobility behaviour with a shift away from public transport and increases in car usage, walking and cycling. Comparisons of federal states with and without lockdown revealed only isolated differences. It seems that, even if the lockdown had some minor effects, its role in the observed behavioural changes was minimal.
Expression and gene regulatory network of SNHG1 in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zheng Chaoran , Yu Shicheng
Published: January 2021

Background

Small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 (SNHG1), a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), is a transcript that negatively regulates tumour suppressor genes, such as p53. Abnormal SNHG1 expression is associated with cell proliferation and cancer. We used sequencing data downloaded from Genomic Data Commons to analyse the expression and interaction networks of SNHG1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods

Expression was examined using the limma package of R and verified by Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis. We also obtained miRNA expression data from StarBase to determine the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA–related RNA regulatory network in HCC. Kaplan–Meier (KM) analysis was performed using the survival package of R. Gene Ontology annotation of genes was carried out using Metascape.

Results

We found that SNHG1 was overexpressed and often amplified in HCC patients. In addition, SNHG1 upregulation was associated with the promotion of several primary biological functions, including cell proliferation, transcription and protein binding. Moreover, we found similar trends of small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 (SNHG1), E2F8 (E2F transcription factor 8), FANCE (FA complementation group E) and LMNB2 (encodes lamin B2) expression. In the SNHG1-associated network, high expression levels of SNHG1 (log-rank P value = 0.0643), E2F8 (log-rank P value = 0.000048), FANCE (log-rank P value = 0.00125) and LMNB2 (log-rank P value = 0.0392) were significantly associated with poor survival. Single-cell analysis showed that E2F8 may play an important role in tumorigenesis or cancer development.

Conclusions

Our results highlight the benefit of utilizing multiple datasets to understand the functional potential regulatory networks of SNHG1 and the role of SNHG1 in tumours.
Establishment of a regression model of bone metabolism markers for the diagnosis of bone metastases in lung cancer
Authors: Zhu Zhongliang , Yang Guangyu , Pang Zhenzhen , Liang Jiawei , Wang Weizhong , Zhou Yonglie
Published: January 2021

Background

The aim of this study was to establish a regression equation model of serum bone metabolism markers. We analyzed the diagnostic value of bone metastases in lung cancer and provided laboratory evidence for the early clinical treatment of bone metastases in lung cancer.

Methods

A total of 339 patients with non-metastatic lung cancer, patients with lung cancer with bone metastasis, and patients with benign lung disease who were treated in our hospital from July 2012 to October 2015 were included. A total of 103 patients with lung cancer in the non-metastatic group, 128 patients with lung cancer combined with bone metastasis group, and 108 patients with benign lung diseases who had nontumor and nonbone metabolism-related diseases were selected as the control group. Detection and analysis of type I collagen carboxyl terminal peptide β-special sequence (β-CTX), total type I procollagen amino terminal propeptide (TPINP), N-terminal-mid fragment of osteocalcin (N-MID), parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D (VitD3), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), calcium (CA), phosphorus (P), cytokeratin 19 fragment (F211), and other indicators were performed. Four multiple regression models were established to determine the best diagnostic model for lung cancer with bone metastasis.

Results

Analysis of single indicators of bone metabolism markers in lung cancer was performed, among which F211, β-CTX, TPINP, and ALP were significantly different (P< 0.05). The ROC curve of each indicator was less than 0.712. Based on the multiple regression models, the fourth model was the best and was much better than a single indicator with an AUC of 0.856, a sensitivity of 70.0%, a specificity of 91.0%, a positive predictive value of 82.5%, and a negative predictive value of 72.0%.

Conclusion

Multiple regression models of bone metabolism markers were established. These models can be used to evaluate the progression of lung cancer and provide a basis for the early treatment of bone metastases.
Clinicopathological features of fibrosarcomatous dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans and the construction of a back-propagation neural network recognition model
Authors: Li Yanan , Liang Jiaqi , Xu Xuewen , Jiang Xian , Wang Chuan , Chen Siyuan , Xiang Bo , Ji Yi
Published: January 2021

Background

Fibrosarcomatous dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (FS-DFSP) is a form of tumor progression of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) with an increased risk of metastasis and recurrence. Few studies have compared the clinicopathological features of FS-DFSP and conventional DFSP (C-DFSP).

Objectives

To better understand the epidemiological and clinicopathological characteristics of FS-DFSP.

Methods

We conducted a cohort study of 221 patients diagnosed with DFSP and built a recognition model with a back-propagation (BP) neural network for FS-DFSP.

Results

Twenty-six patients with FS-DFSP and 195 patients with C-DFSP were included. There were no differences between FS-DFSP and C-DFSP regarding age at presentation, age at diagnosis, sex, size at diagnosis, size at presentation, and tumor growth. The negative ratio of CD34 in FS-DFSP (11.5%) was significantly lower than that in C-DFSP (5.1%) (P = 0.005). The average Ki-67 index of FS-DFSP (18.1%) cases was significantly higher than that of C-DFSP (8.1%) cases (P < 0.001). The classification accuracy of the BP neural network model training samples was 100%. The correct rates of classification and misdiagnosis were 84.1% and 15.9%.

Conclusions

The clinical manifestations of FS-DFSP and C-DFSP are similar but have large differences in immunohistochemistry. The classification accuracy and feasibility of the BP neural network model are high in FS-DFSP.
Co‐administration of 2’3’-cGAMP STING activator and CpG-C adjuvants with a mutated form of HPV 16 E7 protein leads to tumor growth inhibition in the mouse model
Authors: Dorostkar Fariba , Arashkia Arash , Roohvand Farzin , Shoja Zabihollah , Navari Mohsen , Mashhadi Abolghasem Shirazi Maryam , Shahosseini Zahra , Farahmand Mohammad , Shams nosrati Mohammad Sadegh , Jalilvand Somayeh
Published: January 2021

Persistent infection with high-risk genotypes of human papillomavirus (HPV) is the leading cause of cervical cancer. The HPV oncoprotein E7 is constitutively expressed in cervical cancer and considered as an essential target for tumor-specific immunity. The goal of this study was to develop a candidate therapeutic vaccine based on the mutated E7 protein that had possibly reduced transformation capacity while was able to elicit a robust immune response. Therefore, the mutant type of HPV 16 E7 (E7GRG) protein was recombinantly expressed in E. coli. The protein was then purified and formulated with 2’-3’cGAMP CDN and/or CpG-C ODN adjuvants and subcutaneously injected to female C57BL/6 mice. To evaluate the immunogenic response, lymphocyte proliferation, secretion levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 cytokines, granzyme B level, and total IgG and subclasses of IgG antibody were measured. The anti-tumor activity was evaluated in tumor-harboring C57BL/6 mice. The highest rate of cell proliferation, IFN-γ and granzyme B levels, and amount of IgG antibody were found in mice group that were injected by E7GRG + 2′-3′cGAMP + CpG-C. Therapeutic immunization with E7GRG + 2′-3′cGAMP + CpG-C also significantly suppressed TC-1 tumor growth in mice. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that E7GRG + 2′-3′cGAMP + CpG-C induced strong cell-mediated and humoral immune responses that resulted in inhibition of tumor in mouse model.
Barriers and drivers to service delivery in global mental health projects
Authors: Qureshi Onaiza , Endale Tarik , Ryan Grace , Miguel-Esponda Georgina , Iyer Srividya N. , Eaton Julian , De Silva Mary , Murphy Jill
Published: January 2021

Background

Research in global mental health (GMH) has previously documented how contextual factors like political instability, poverty and poorly-funded health infrastructure continue to compromise effective and equitable mental health service delivery. There is a need to develop more feasible and evidence-based solutions through implementation research. This paper, one in a series pertaining to implementation in GMH projects worldwide, focuses on implementation factors influencing mental health service delivery.

Methods

This is a qualitative study carried out as part of a Theory of Change-driven evaluation of Grand Challenges Canada’s (GCC’s) Global Mental Health portfolio. Purposive sampling was used to recruit twenty-nine GCC grantees for interviews. A semi-structured interview schedule was used to guide the interviews which were recorded and subsequently transcribed. Transcripts were double-coded and analyzed in NVivo 11 using framework analysis. This paper reports results related to detection and treatment of mental illness, mental health promotion and prevention of mental illness.

Results

Key barriers included: lack of appropriate human resources and expertise for service delivery; lack of culturally appropriate screening tools and interventions; and difficulties integrating services with the existing mental health system. Formative research was a key driver facilitating the cultural adaptation of mental health detection, treatment, promotion and preventative approaches. Recruiting local providers and utilizing mHealth for improving screening, monitoring and data management were also found to be successful approaches in reducing workforce burden, improving sustainability, mental health literacy, participant engagement and uptake.

Conclusions

The study identifies a number of key barriers to and drivers of successful service delivery from the perspective of grantees implementing GMH projects. Findings highlight several opportunities to mitigate common challenges, providing recommendations for strengthening systems- and project-level approaches for delivering mental health services. Further, more inclusive research is required to inform guidance around service delivery for successful implementation, better utilization of funding and improving mental health outcomes among vulnerable populations in low-resource settings.
Successful treatment with Cinryze® replacement therapy of a pregnant patient with hereditary angioedema: a case report
Authors: Kardum Željka , Prus Višnja , Milas Ahić Jasminka , Kardum Darjan
Published: January 2021

Background

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare disease characterized with recurrent swelling of subcutaneous or mucosal tissue that resolves in approximately 3 days. It can be presented with peripheral edema, abdominal and life-threatening laryngeal angioedema. A variety of triggers are known to cause episodes of angioedema including estrogen exposure. There are different reports regarding the effect of pregnancy on HAE attacks, and in some patients, the pregnancy is a recognized triggering factor.

Case presentation

We present a female Caucasian patient with pre-existing HAE and disease exacerbations during pregnancy, requiring prophylactic use of plasma-derived C1 inhibitor concentrate. She was treated with Cinryze® replacement therapy throughout the pregnancy 1000 IU i.v. 48 times. She gave birth to a healthy male infant, via C-section. After the delivery, the patient was symptom-free for 6 months and required no treatment for HAE.

Conclusions

In the case presented, the angioedema attacks worsened as the pregnancy progressed. The treatment with Cinryze® replacement therapy was effective and safe during pregnancy, with no adverse effects on the infant.
A rapid, simultaneous and quantitative analysis of 26 ginsenosides in white and red Panax ginseng using LC–MS/MS
Authors: Lee Junghak , Han Heeju , Yuan Xiu , Park Eunyoung , Lee Jonghwa , Kim Jeong-Han
Published: January 2021

A quantitative analysis of ginsenoside is very important for ginseng studies because each ginsenoside shows different medical activity and metabolic pathway. In this study, a rapid, simultaneous, and quantitative analysis of 26 ginsenosides (Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, Rg1, Rg2(R), Rg2(S), Rg3(S), Rg3(R), Rg5, Rg6, Rh1(R), Rh1(S), Rh2(R), Rh2(S), F1, F2, F3, F4, K, Mc, PPT(S), XVII, and Y) in white, and red Panax ginseng was established using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS). The mobile phase of water and methanol containing 0.1% formic acid and HSS T3 C18 analytical column was used for the chromatographic separation. The four sets of stereoisomers were successfully separated within a 26-min run time, eluting the S-isomer faster than the R-isomer with higher concentration. The ginseng extract was diluted by 100, 400 and 8000 times to fit in the calibration range and quantitated by the standard addition method. Matrix matched calibration by mixing 64 µL of the ginseng extract with 16 µL of the standard solution was used for compensating the matrix effect. Such quantitation methodology using dilution, standard addition and matrix matching resulted in precise and unambiguous quantitation of 26 ginsenosides in ginseng products. Major ginsenosides were observed at relatively higher concentrations in red Panax ginseng and the Mc was detected and quantitated for the first time in this study. The comprehensive quantitation system established in this study will contribute to quality evaluation, breeding and culturing, and quantitative metabolomics study of ginseng.
Unmasking viral sequences by metagenomic next-generation sequencing in adult human blood samples during steroid-refractory/dependent graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Zanella M. C. , Cordey S. , Laubscher F. , Docquier M. , Vieille G. , Van Delden C. , Braunersreuther V. , TA Mc Kee , Lobrinus J. A. , Masouridi-Levrat S. , Chalandon Y. , Kaiser L. , Vu D. L.
Published: January 2021

Background

Viral infections are common complications following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Allo-HSCT recipients with steroid-refractory/dependent graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) are highly immunosuppressed and are more vulnerable to infections with weakly pathogenic or commensal viruses. Here, twenty-five adult allo-HSCT recipients from 2016 to 2019 with acute or chronic steroid-refractory/dependent GvHD were enrolled in a prospective cohort at Geneva University Hospitals. We performed metagenomics next-generation sequencing (mNGS) analysis using a validated pipeline and de novo analysis on pooled routine plasma samples collected throughout the period of intensive steroid treatment or second-line GvHD therapy to identify weakly pathogenic, commensal, and unexpected viruses.

Results

Median duration of intensive immunosuppression was 5.1 months (IQR 5.5). GvHD-related mortality rate was 36%. mNGS analysis detected viral nucleotide sequences in 24/25 patients. Sequences of ≥ 3 distinct viruses were detected in 16/25 patients;Anelloviridae(24/25) and human pegivirus-1 (9/25) were the most prevalent. In 7 patients with fatal outcomes, viral sequences not assessed by routine investigations were identified with mNGS and confirmed by RT-PCR. These cases included Usutu virus (1), rubella virus (1 vaccine strain and 1 wild-type), novel human astrovirus (HAstV) MLB2 (1), classic HAstV (1), human polyomavirus 6 and 7 (2), cutavirus (1), and bufavirus (1).

Conclusions

Clinically unrecognized viral infections were identified in 28% of highly immunocompromised allo-HSCT recipients with steroid-refractory/dependent GvHD in consecutive samples. These identified viruses have all been previously described in humans, but have poorly understood clinical significance. Rubella virus identification raises the possibility of re-emergence from past infections or vaccinations, or re-infection.
Microbiome dynamics during the HI-SEAS IV mission, and implications for future crewed missions beyond Earth
Authors: Mahnert Alexander , Verseux Cyprien , Schwendner Petra , Koskinen Kaisa , Kumpitsch Christina , Blohs Marcus , Wink Lisa , Brunner Daniela , Goessler Theodora , Billi Daniela , Moissl-Eichinger Christine
Published: January 2021

Background

Human health is closely interconnected with its microbiome. Resilient microbiomes in, on, and around the human body will be key for safe and successful long-term space travel. However, longitudinal dynamics of microbiomes inside confined built environments are still poorly understood. Herein, we used the Hawaii Space Exploration Analog and Simulation IV (HI-SEAS IV) mission, a 1 year-long isolation study, to investigate microbial transfer between crew and habitat, in order to understand adverse developments which may occur in a future outpost on the Moon or Mars.

Results

Longitudinal 16S rRNA gene profiles, as well as quantitative observations, revealed significant differences in microbial diversity, abundance, and composition between samples of the built environment and its crew. The microbiome composition and diversity associated with abiotic surfaces was found to be rather stable, whereas the microbial skin profiles of individual crew members were highly dynamic, resulting in an increased microbiome diversity at the end of the isolation period. The skin microbiome dynamics were especially pronounced by a regular transfer of the indicator species Methanobrevibacter between crew members within the first 200 days. Quantitative information was used to track the propagation of antimicrobial resistance in the habitat. Together with functional and phenotypic predictions, quantitative and qualitative data supported the observation of a delayed longitudinal microbial homogenization between crew and habitat surfaces which was mainly caused by a malfunctioning sanitary facility.

Conclusions

This study highlights main routes of microbial transfer, interaction of the crew, and origins of microbial dynamics in an isolated environment. We identify key targets of microbial monitoring, and emphasize the need for defined baselines of microbiome diversity and abundance on surfaces and crew skin. Targeted manipulation to counteract adverse developments of the microbiome could be a highly important strategy to ensure safety during future space endeavors.