bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Tactical, Decisional and Executional Behaviour According to the Level of Expertise in Squash
Authors: Catalán-Eslava María , González-Víllora Sixto , Pastor-Vicedo Juan C. , Contreras-Jordán Onofre R.
Published: March 2018

The objective of this study was to analyse the differences in tactical principles, decision-making and execution of the return shot and drop shot of squash players at different levels of proficiency. The sample was composed of 80 players, divided into four levels of expertise (first national category, second national category, autonomous regional level and provincial level). The Squash Performance Evaluation Tool was used for recording the level of decision-making and execution. The results revealed that reading of the context of the game improved as the level of the player’s expertise of both the return shot and the drop shot increased. The correlation between correct decision-making and better quality execution for both the return shot and the drop shot in squash also improved with the player’s level of expertise. According to these results, improvements in situational tactical principles and the application of tactical principles, correct decision-making and high-quality execution are essential to develop the athletic performance level among squash players.
Can Supplementation of Vitamin D Improve Aerobic Capacity in Well Trained Youth Soccer Players?
Authors: Jastrzębska Maria , Kaczmarczyk Mariusz , Michalczyk Małgorzata , Radzimiński Łukasz , Stępień Piotr , Jastrzębska Joanna , Wakuluk Dorota , Suárez Arturo Díaz , López Sánchez Guillermo Felipe , Cięszczyk Paweł , Godlewski Piotr , Król Paweł , Jastrzębski Zbigniew
Published: March 2018

There is no clear evidence that vitamin D effectively improves physical capacity in high-level athletes. The aim of this study was to confirm that vitamin D supplementation of soccer players during eight-week high-intensity training would have a significant effect on their aerobic capacity. The subjects were divided into two groups: the experimental one that was supplemented with vitamin D (SG, n = 20), and the placebo group (PG, n = 16), not supplemented with vitamin D. All the players were subjected to the same soccer training described as High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT). The data of the vitamin D level, PWC170, lactate threshold (LT) were collected just before and after the intervention. A significant increase in vitamin D concentration (119%) was observed in the supplemented group, while the non-supplemented group showed a decrease of 8.4%. The studied subjects improved VO2max results by 20% in the SG, and by 13% in the PG. The improvement in velocity at the LT was similar in both groups. Results of this study show that vitamin D can have a positive, though moderate, effect on aerobic performance in players subjected to high-intensity training in the form of small-sided games for 8 weeks.
Agricultural Export Assistance to Small and Medium Enterprises in North Central Highlands – Situation and Suggestions
Authors: Chi Nguyen Thi Minh , Sa Dao Thi Ly
Published: March 2018

Recently, the export turnover in the North Central Highlands has not reached the expected results. This means that export activities will face many difficulties and challenges. The main reasons are the unfavorable situation of coffee export, rubber prices remain low. Meanwhile, most of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are not capable of exporting directly, mainly through export, so the export value is not calculated for the province. Strategic development, trade promotion, forecasting and analysis of market volatility have not been effective. This paper aims to analyze the current situation of agricultural export assistance for SMEs in the region. As results, that will be the basis to improve the quality of assistance aiming to promote growth of the agricultural sector as well as revenue for the region.

Keywords

North Central Highlands; small and medium enterprise; assistance; agricultural product; export

References

Đỗ, T. H. (2016). Chính sách hỗ trợ ngành chế biến xuất khẩu gỗ phát triển. Tạp chí tài chính, Kỳ II tháng 10/2016. Francis, J., & Collins-Dodd, C. (2004). Impact of export promotion programs on firm competencies, strategies and performance: The case of Canadian high-technology SMEs. International Marketing Review, 21(4/5), 474-495. Jaud, M., & Kukenova, M. (2011). Financial development and survival of African agri-food exports. Nguyễn, T. M. (2003). Những giải pháp phát triển dịch vụ hỗ trợ xuất khẩu chủ yếu đối với doanh nghiệp vừa và nhỏ ở Việt Nam Đề tài khoa học cấp bộ. Hà Nội: Viện Nghiên cứu thương mại.Shamsuddoha, A., Ali, M. Y., & Ndubisi, N. O. (2009). Impact of government export assistance on internationalization of SMEs from developing nations. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 22(4), 408-422. Sousa, C. M., & Bradley, F. (2009). Effects of export assistance and distributor support on the performance of SMEs the case of Portuguese export ventures. International Small Business Journal, 27(6), 681-701. Tesfom, G., & Lutz, C. (2008). Evaluating the effectiveness of export support services in developing countries: a customer (user) perspective. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 3(4), 364-377. Trần, B. T. (2007). Đa dạng hoá dịch vụ tài chính cho xuất khẩu của doanh nghiệp vừa và nhỏ Việt nam.
Supporting Small and Medium Enterpries to Access Technological Innovation State Fund: International Experience and Lessons for Vietnam
Authors: Vu Thanh Huong , Nguyen Thu Anh , Nguyen Mai Thi Thanh
Published: March 2018

Technological innovation state funds supporting small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are not common in the developing countries like Vietnam, but are common in the developed nations like the European countries and Korea. The financial and non-financial support of these funds has contributed significantly to the development of many SMEs. Learning from the funds which have successfully facilitated SMEs in innovating and developing advanced technologies is meaningful to the Vietnamese sicence and techonology management bodies and state funds. This article will review the experience of some typical fund in supporting SMEs, thereby providing some lessons for technology innovation Funds of Vietnam to create a more favorable environment for SMEs to access funds.
Determinants of Managerial Skill Spillover from FDI Enterprise to SMEs Vietnam
Authors: Thi Huong Dang
Published: March 2018

This paper investigates the determinants of managerial skill spillover from FDI enterprise to SMEs Vietnam. By using expert interviewing method and survey, the paper initially identifies and evaluates factors affecting the transfer of managerial skills from FDI enterprises to SEMs in Vietnam. These factors include: Attitude and willingness to receive the spillover; Managerial capacity; Spillover channels and environment supporting spillover. Based on the results, the paper proposes some suggestions to promote the transfer of managerial skills from FDI enterprises into SMEs in Vietnam.

Keywords

Spillover, managerial skill, FDI enterprises

References

1. Bộ Kế hoạch và Đầu tư, 2013. Kỷ yếu Hội nghị 25 năm đầu tư trực tiếp nước ngoài tại Việt Nam. Hà Nội2. Cục Đầu tư nước ngoài - Bộ KH-ĐT, 2014. Một số nghiên cứu về chuyển giao công nghệ qua FDI. Hà Nội.3. Phan Xuân Dũng, 2004. Chuyển giao công nghệ ở Việt Nam, thực trạng và giải pháp. Hà Nội. Nhà xuất bản Chính trị quốc gia.

4. Bùi Văn Hùng, 2013. Chuyển giao công nghệ thông qua các dự án FDI và những vấn đề đặt ra. Tạp chí KH-CN Việt Nam, số 15 – năm 2013.

5. Trần Lan Hương & Trần Tuấn Linh, 2012. Chính sách thúc đẩy xuất khẩu của Thái Lan và bài học kinh nghiệm cho Việt Nam. Tạp chí Kinh tế và phát triển, số đặc biệt, 9/2012.6. Nguyễn Thị Hường, 2002. Quản trị dự án và doanh nghiệp có vốn đầu tư nước ngoài FDI, nhà xuất bản Thống kê.7. Phùng Xuân Nhạ, 2010. Điều chỉnh chính sách đầu tư trực tiếp nước ngoài ở Việt Nam trong tiến trình hội nhập kinh tế quốc tế, nhà xuất bản ĐHQGHN.8. Trịnh Minh Tâm, 2016. Nghiên cứu tác động của FDI tới đổi mới công nghệ ở Việt Nam. Luận án tiến sỹ, Đại học Kinh tế quốc dân.9. Karpaty & Lundberg, 2004. Foreign direct investment and productivity spillovers in Swedish manufacturing. Working paper No.2, Orebro, University, Orebro.10. Kuemmerle, 1999. The drivers of foreign direct investment into research and development: An empirical investment. Journal of International Business Strategy, 30, 1-24.11. Nguyễn & Anwar, 2011. Foreign direct investment and trade: The case of Vietnam. Research in International Business and Finance, 25, 39-52.
Effects of Financial Inclusion on Startup Establishment in OECD Countries
Authors: Van Dinh Thi Thanh , Trang Nguyen Thuc
Published: March 2018

Financial inclusion and startup are two topics, which recently get attention of academic researchers and policy makers in Vietnam. One of the important factors for setting up a successful startup is the financial capability of the owners. Therefore, financial inclusion has a strong correlation with startup establishment. This article tested the effects of several factors in financial index (findex) developed by World Bank on startup establishment in some OECD countries. The result showed that borrowing from friends and relatives along with from credit institutions and opening a debit account at banks have  significant impacts on startup establishment in these countries. Finally, the article presented several recommendations for policy makers to stimulate the startup growth in Vietnam in the next time.

Key words

startup, financial inclusion, startup establishment

References

1. Colman Msoka (2015), “Financial inclusion and microfinance in Tanzania”, Inclusive growth: Tanzania Country Report2. Endeavor-GEM, 2011, “High-Impact Entrepreneurship Global Report”3. Eric Ries, 2012, “The Lean Startup” book”, http://www.stpia.ir/files/The%20Lean%20Startup%20.pdf

4. European Startup Monitor, 2015, “European Startup Monitor 2015”, http://europeanstartupmonitor.com/fileadmin/presse/download/esm_2015.pdf

5. Jennifer Dahlin Ivarsson (2014), “Mobile-banking and entrepreneurship: Is there a link? A case study on South Africa”, Nationalekonomiska Institutionen, Box 7082, ISSN 0283 – 15896. Maher Al-Mahouq (2010), “Success factors of small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs): The case of Jordan”, Anadol University jourmal of social sciences, Cilt/Vol.: 10 – Say/No:1-16 (2010)7. Mohammed S.Chowdhury (2013), “Success factors of entrepreneurs of small and medium sized enterprises: Evidence from Banladesh”, Business and Economic Research, ISSN 2162 – 4860, 2013, Vol.3, No.2.8. OECD, 2015, “Entrepreneurship at a Glance 2015”9. Roman Angela, 2011, “SME’s sector access to finance: An overview”10. Yao Wang, 2014, “What are the biggest obstacles to growth of SMEs in developing countries? An empirical evidence from an enterprise survey”, JED 210 Paper
The World and Vietnamese Economy in 2017, Prospects for 2018 and Some Policy Implications for Vietnam
Authors: Nhung Nguyen Cam , Huong Vu Thanh , Phuong Nguyen Thi Minh
Published: March 2018

This paper assesses the comprehensive macroeconomic picture of the world and Vietnam in 2017 and forecasts the outlook for 2018, and then making some policy implications for Vietnam. The world economy in 2017 is considered to be the most prosperous since 2011, thanks to the steady growth of key economies, bounced global trade, and favorable global financial conditions. However, as slow and uncertain global investment growth as well as many unpredictable factors in US government policy and Brexit, and political risks from tensions of the Korean Peninsula, 2018 will continue to witness unpredictable developments in the global economy. Faced with that situation, together with internal difficulties in the country, Vietnam should have flexible solutions, high determination and act in a drastic way in order to achieve the objectives on the economic growth and inflation as outlined. In addition, Vietnam should continue to promote the trade facilitation activities, the improvement of the business investment environment, take advantage of new opportunities to attract foreign investment capital for infrastructure construction, keep on innovating, and enhance the competitiveness to bring our economy to the path of rapid and sustainable development.

Keywords

Economic growth, inflation rate, monetary, trade, investment

References

1. Bộ Ngoại giao Việt Nam (2017). Tình hình và triển vọng kinh tế thế giới, tháng 8/2017. 2. IMF [International Monetary Fund] (2017b). World Economic Outlook update, July 2017: A firming recovery. 3. IMF (2017c). World Economic Outlook. October 2017. Seeking Sustainable Growth: Short-term Recovery, Long-term Challenges. 4. OECD [Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development ] (2017). Global Economic Outlook, Jun 2017. http://www.oecd.org/eco/economicoutlook.htm, truy cập ngày 19/09/20175. NIESR [National Institute Economic and Social Research] (2017). Global Economic Forecast. National Institute Economic Review no. 241 August 2017. 6. UNCTAD (2017). World Investment Report 2017: Investment and the Digital Economy. United Nations Publication, Genveva: United Nation. 7. Tổng cục Hải quan (2017), Tình hình xuất khẩu, nhập khẩu hàng hoá của Việt Nam tháng 8 và 8 tháng đầu năm 2017. 8. UN (2017). World Economic Situation and Prospects 2018. https://www.un.org/development/desa/dpad/wp-content/uploads/sites/45/publication/WESP2018_Full_Web-1.pdf.9. WTO (2017a). Monthy world trade data. Retrieved from: https://http://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/short_term_stats_e.htm 10. WTO (2017b). Report to the TPRB from the Director-General on Trade-Related Developments Geneva World Trade Organization 11. WTO (2017c). World Trade Outlook Indicator. Geneva The World Trade Organization
Cơ sở lý luận phát triển doanh nghiệp nhỏ và vừa trong bảo quản chế biến nông sản sau thu hoạch
Authors: Trần Thị Hồng Lan
Published: March 2018

Trong bối cảnh sản xuất nông nghiệp nhỏ lẻ, phân tán hiện nay ở Việt Nam, DNNVV không chỉ đóng vai trò trong khâu thu gom mà còn đóng vai trò quan trọng trong hoạt động bảo quản, sơ chế hoặc chế biến nông sản sau thu hoạch. Theo số liệu của Tổng cục Thống Kê, 94% trong tổng số gần 600.000 doanh nghiệp của Việt Nam hiện này là loại hình doanh nghiệp nhỏ và vừa. Công nghệ của doanh nghiệp Việt Nam xếp thứ hạng 99/144 quốc gia khảo sát, thấp hơn mốt số quốc gia đứng đầu trong khu vực Đông nam Á như: Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand … Mặc dù công nghệ bảo quản, chế biến ở trình độ thấp, nhưng hầu hết nông sản sau thu hoạch đều được trải qua quá trình bảo quản, sơ chế của hệ thống các DNNVV. DNNVV vẫn đang đóng vai trò quan trọng trong việc ứng dụng và chuyển giao CNSTH, phát triển sản phẩm mới thông qua chế biến và đặc biệt là phát triển thị trường, xây dựng thương hiệu sản phẩm theo các tiêu chuẩn của Việt Nam và Quốc Tế. Những nhân tố tác động lớn nhất đến năng lực phát triển CNSTH của DNNVV là hệ thống chính sách khuyến khích phát triển; Điều kiện về cơ sở hạ tầng; Năng lực về quy mô của doanh nghiệp và hệ thống các tiêu chuẩn về chất lượng nông sản. Những giải pháp quan trọng nhất hiện nay giúp DNNVV phát triển CNSTH là những chính sách có tác động trực tiếp tới phát triển năng lực của DNNVV, cải tạo hệ thống cơ sở hạ tầng phục vụ sản xuất và đặc biệt là đẩy mạnh việc xây dựng và phát triển hệ thống các tiêu chuẩn về chất lượng nông sản sau thu hoạch nhằm tăng cao tỷ lệ nông sản sau thu hoạch đã được áp dụng các biện pháp bảo quản và chế biến.
Đa dạng về chức năng và cơ cấu của tổ chức nghiên cứu và triển khai là xu thế tất yếu của thiết chế tự trị trong khoa học
Authors: Phạm Thị Bích Ngọc
Published: March 2018

Trong nền kinh tế chỉ huy tập trung, các viện nghiên cứu và triển khai thường được thiết kế theo lý thuyết cơ học với mô hình đơn chức năng và cơ cấu tổ chức đơn giản. Khi chuyển sang nền kinh tế thị trường, môi trường mới đòi hỏi các viện nghiên cứu và triển khai tự chủ, tự chịu trách nhiệm nên các tổ chức này phải tự điều chỉnh để thích nghi, dẫn đến việc đa dạng hóa chức năng và đa dạng hóa cấu trúc của các viện nghiên cứu và triển khai.
Trends and Main Specific Features of Mobility of Human Resources in Science and Technology in Globalization Context and Recommendations for Policy Measures to Attract Human Resources
Authors: Nguyen Van Hoa
Published: March 2018

This article deals with the inadequacies in the policy on attracting human resources in science and technology, identifying and analyzing trends and main specific features in mobility of human resources in science and technology in the world, the experiences from other countries in mobilization and mobility of human resource. The article also provides analysis of causes of the mobility and recommendations for policies.
In vitro production of capsaicin through plant tissue culture
Authors: Gogoi, P.S. Raju Swetnisha, Ajitabh Bora, H.K.
Published: March 2018

Capsaicin, a secondary metabolite produced in capsicum, is in high demand in pharmaceutical industry because of its various medicinal properties. Currently, the supply of capsaicin depends upon its extraction from capsicum fruits. This limits the production of capsaicin as it depends upon agricultural produce. The current review has compiled information from various literature published on chemistry and importance of capsaicin along with its method of production. It also reviews the process of in vitro production of capsaicin through plant tissue culture, strategies of increasing capsaicin accumulation and its advantages over extraction from fruits and artificial synthesis.
Safety and Efficacy of Angio-Seal Closure in Antegrade Superficial Femoral Artery Access
Authors: Akard William , Cicuto Kenneth , Kim Paul , Mittleider Derek
Published: March 2018

Objective:

Arterial access for endovascular revascularization in patients with debilitating peripheral arterial disease is commonly achieved through retrograde common femoral artery (CFA) approach. However, retrograde access presents multiple technical challenges, including long distance from the access site to the target lesion, and mechanical disadvantage of working over the aortic bifurcation and often tortuous iliac vessels. Antegrade CFA access avoids these challenges but has been fraught with its own difficulties, particularly in obese patients. Antegrade superficial femoral artery (SFA) access provides the same mechanical advantages while avoiding the difficulties of antegrade CFA access, but a vascular closure device is required due to distance from the femoral head. This single-center study evaluates the safety and efficacy of the Angio-Seal device (St. Jude Medical, St. Paul, MN) in SFA punctures.

Materials and Methods:

From May 2011 to January 2015, 140 antegrade SFA punctures were performed on 110 limbs in 88 patients for endovascular revascularization, all with ultrasound guidance. Complications and patient data including age, sex, body mass index, Fontaine stage, sheath size, and intraoperative heparin doses were analyzed.

Results:

In 140 antegrade SFA punctures, there were 11 access-related complications (7.9%). The majority were hematomas or pseudoaneurysms requiring nominal or no therapy. There were 3 major complications: Two delayed access stenoses ultimately resulted in toe amputations and one hemorrhage required extended hospitalization and transfusion. Patient data analysis showed a statistically significantly increased complication rate in females (20.7%) versus males (4.5%) (p = 0.0105).

Conclusions:

Antegrade SFA access with Angio-Seal closure is safe and effective. An increased complication rate in females warrants cautious post-procedural follow-up.
Influencia socio familiar en adolescentes embarazadas
Authors: Urgilés León Sandra Jackeline , Fernández Aucapiña Nancy Yolanda , Durán Oleas Jenny Catalina
Published: March 2018

El embarazo en las adolescentes admite consecuencias de tipo socio-familiar, emocional, de salud, es una problemática que fue intervenida por la academia; debido a que frecuentemente abandonan los estudios, pierden su trabajo, prolongan la dependencia, sus hijos tienen más riesgo de bajo peso al nacer; mala atención, falta de figura paterna y limitación de acceso a cuidados de salud, el objetivo  del presente estudio es  proponer una alternativa que eleve  la calidad de vida de las adolescentes embarazadas escolarizadas en la comunidad. El enfoque de investigación es cuantitativo con la utilización del método inductivo, para obtener conclusiones universales, con la observación directa a las adolescentes embarazadas y sus causas, realizando un estudio transversal en siete Unidades Educativas del Cantón Cuenca durante el año lectivo 2014-2015, la muestra seleccionada para este proyecto de investigación fue de 80 adolescentes embarazadas, a través de los métodos teóricos como el análisis, enfoque sistémico, modelación, los empíricos como la encuesta, entrevista, observación, consulta a especialistas y dentro de los estadísticos, cálculo porcentual, estadística descriptiva e inferencial.
     Como resultado del estudio se determinó que el embarazo en adolescentes no afectó en el rendimiento académico, las adolescentes reciben el apoyo afectivo de la pareja, para las mismas fue difícil enfrentar el embarazo con los padres; las adolescentes encuestadas, si aceptan el embarazo y no se avergüenzan de su estado.
     Este impacto se mide a partir de la alta incidencia que se evidencia en el embarazo de las adolescentes escolarizadas antes expuesto en Ecuador, en especial en el Cantón Cuenca, las transformaciones que a partir de la implementación de la propuesta se pueden generar en la población estudiada para prevenir en las futuras generaciones el incremento de grupos en desventajas sociales.
Pengaruh pemberian pupuk buatan yang berbeda terhadap kelimpahan Azolla sp.
Authors: Rosdiana Rosdiana , Ayuzar Eva , Zulfikar Zulfikar
Published: March 2018

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada Bulan Januari- Febuari 2016 di Laboratorium Hatchery dan Teknologi Budidaya Program Studi Budidaya Perairan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Malikussaleh. Adapun metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) non faktorial dengan 5 perlakuan 3 kali ulangan A tanpa pupuk (kontrol) ; perlakuan B kultur Azolla sp dengan pupuk NPK 1gr/3 liter ; perlakuan C kultur Azolla sp dengan Pupuk TSP 1gr/3liter; perlakuan D kultur Azolla sp dengan Campuran (Urea, TSP dan NPK) 1gr/3liter dan perlakuan E Kultur Azolla sp dengan Pupuk Urea 1gr/3liter. Parameter yang diamati pada penelitian ini  adalah kepadatan populasi Azolla sp dan parameter kualitas air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian dosis pupuk yang berbeda memberi pengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan dan biomassa tanaman Azolla sp dimana Fhitung > Ftabel. Pupuk yang paling baik digunakan dalam kultur tanaman Azolla sp yaitu pupuk TSP, dimana dengan dosis 1 gr/3L air dapat memberi pertumbuhan yang tinggi dan perkembangan yang baik untuk tanaman Azolla sp.The research was conducted in January-February 2016 at Hatchery and Technology Laboratory Aquaculture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Malikussaleh University. The method used in this study was completely randomized design (CRD) non factorial with 5 treatments 3 replications A without fertilizer (control); treatment B culture Azolla sp with NPK 1 g / 3 liter; culture Azolla sp C treatment with TSP1 fertilizer gr / 3 liter; Azolla sp treatment D culture with a mixture (Urea, TSP and NPK) 1 g / 3 liter and treatment E culture Azolla sp with Urea 1 g / 3 liter. The parameters observed in this study was the population density of Azolla sp, Azolla sp biomass and water quality parameters. The results showed fertilizered. with different dosages to influence the growth and biomass of Azolla sp plant where Fcount > F table. Fertilizer is best used in the culture of Azolla sp namely TSP fertilizer plant, where a dose of 1 g /3 L of water can give higher growth and good development for Azolla sp plant.
Tangkapan dan tingkat kematangan gonad Ikan selar kuning (Selariodes leptolepis) di Perairan Selat Malaka
Authors: Tarigan Adriana , Bakti Darma , Desrita Desrita
Published: March 2018

Biologi reproduksi meliputi distribusi frekuensi panjang, hubungan berat-panjang tubuh, rasio jenis kelamin, tingkat kematangan gonad (TKG), indeks somatic gonad (IKG), diameter telur. Data primer yang digunakan adalah panjang dan berat tubuh, bobot dan gonad Ikan yang diperoleh dari 360 ekor sampel. Data sekunder dikumpulkan dari Laporan Statistik Perikanan PPS Belawan berupa jumlah produksi, dan jumlah tangkapan ikan tahun 2011-2016. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan distribusi frekuensi panjang ikan berkisar antara 110 mm - 163 mm. pola pertumbuhan ikan adalah alometrik negatif dengan koefisien korelasi jantan dan betina mendekati 1 yaitu 0,812 dan 0,733. Indeks kematangan gonad untuk ikan betina adalah lebih besar dibanding ikan jantan. Tingkat kematangan gonad diperoleh dari tingkat I, II, III, dan IV.Reproductive biology including length frequency distribution, long weight relationship, sex ratio, gonadal maturity level, gonadal somatic index and egg diameters. Primary data used is lenght and body weight. Weighting obtained as many as 360 samples. Secondary data was collected from Fishing Statistical Report of PPS Belawan, which were the amount of production, and fishing effort of the year 2011-2016. The results showed the frequency distribution of fish length of 110 mm – 163 mm. Character growth negative allometric with a correlation coefficient males and females approximate to 1 whereas 0.812 and 0.733. Gonadal maturity index for females fish than large from males fish. Gonadal maturity index obtained by the I, II, III, and IV.
Pengaruh salinitas yang berbeda terhadap tingkat pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup tiram (Crassostrea sp)
Authors: Yanti Helmi , Muliani Muliani , Khalil Munawar
Published: March 2018

Tiram (Crassostrea sp) merupakan salah satu bivalvial potensial yang dapat dikembangkan dalam rangka meningkatkan pendapatan ekonomi. Kualitas air (salinitas) yang baik akan mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup tiram. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh salinitas yang berbeda (30 ppt, 25 ppt, 20 ppt, 15 ppt) terhadap tingkat pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup tiram (Crassostrea sp). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Hatchery dan Teknologi Reulet Program Studi Budidaya Perairan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Malikussaleh dari bulan April sampai Juni 2015. Adapun perlakuannya yaitu benih tiram dipelihara pada salinitas 30 ppt, 25 ppt, 20 ppt, dan 15 ppt. adapun rancangan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 3 ulangan dan 4 perlakuan dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT) jika terdapat perbedaan. Parameter yang diamati adalah kelangsungan hidup, pertambahan panjang, lebar, pertambahan bobot dan kualitas air. Pertambahan bobot, lebar, dan panjang tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan A yaitu dengan nilai rata-rata sebesar 1,104 gram, 0,144 mm, 0,252 mm dan pertambahan bobot, lebar, dan panjang terendah terdapat pada perlakuan D yaitu 0,358 gram, 0,039 mm dan 0,063 mm. Rata-rata kelangsungan hidup yaitu 97% pada perlakuan A, 93% pada perlakuan B dan 90% pada perlakuan C dan D. parameter kualitas air berada pada kisaran yang baik untuk pertumbuhan tiram dalam kisaran suhu 27,3 – 30,1 oC, pH 7,2 – 7,8 , dan DO 4,6 – 6,0 ppm.Oyster (Crassostrea sp) is one bivalvial potential that can be developed in order to improve the economic income. Water quality (salinity) which either will affect the growth and survival of oysters. This study aims to determine the effect of different salinity (30 ppt, 25 ppt, 20 ppt, 15 ppt) the growth rate and survival of oysters (Crassostrea sp). This research was conducted at Hatchery and Technology Laboratory, Aquaculture Department, Agriculture Faculty Malikussaleh University, which was held on April to June 2015. The treatment of seed oysters are reared at a salinity of 30 ppt, 25 ppt, 20 ppt and 15 ppt. As for the design used in this study is completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications and 4 treatments and continued by Least Significant Difference (LSD) if there is a difference. Parameters measured were survival, the length, width, weight gain and water quality. Added weight, width, and length highest in treatment A is the average value of 1,104 gram, 0,144 mm, 0,252 mm, and weight gain, width, and length was lowest for the treatment D, namely 0.358 g, 0.039 mm and 0,063 mm. The average survival is 97% at treatment A, 93% in treatment B and 90% in treatment C and D. The water quality parameters in the range which is good for the growth of oysters in the temperature range from 27,3 – 30,1 °C, pH 7,2 to 7,8, and DO 4,6 to 6,0 ppm.
Pemanfaatan tepung cangkang kerang darah (Anadara granosa) sebagai sumber kalsium pada pakan ikan lele (Clarias batrachus sp)
Authors: Mahary Azizah
Published: March 2018

Tepung kerang memiliki kandungan protein 2-3%, dan kalsium 30-40%, dengan besarnya persentasi kalsium yang dihasilkan dari tepung kerang tersebut maka diharapkan kebutuhan mineral yang dibutuhkan oleh ikan terpenuhi dan limbah yang dihasilkan pun dapat di kurangi. Penelitian ini bersifat eksperimental laboratoris menggunakan rangcangan percobaan Rancangan Acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan yang diterapkan yaitu perbedaan konsentrasi penambahan tepung cangkang kerang darah 0% (P0) sebagai kontrol, 5% (P1), dan 10% (P2), 15% (P3). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak adanya perbedaan nyata pemberian tepung cangkang kerang darah pada pakan benih ikan lele dimana  tingkat kelangsungan hidup yang tertinggi terdapat pada P2 (10%) sebesar 58%, pertambahan berat juga terdapat pada P2 sebesar 1,55 gr dan pertambahan panjang sebesar 1,82cm. Adanya pengaruh yang nyata terhadap pemberian pakan terdapat pada perlakuan P3 (15%) sebesar 101.88 % dimana Fhit (4.88) >Ftab (5%) sebesar 3.86 dan (1%) sebesar 6.99. Suhu dari awal hingga akhir penelitian berkisar antara 28-310C, dan untuk pH memiliki nilai kisaran antara 6,38 sampai 3,91. Nilai DO pada P0 sebesar 3,0-3,2; P1 sebesar 3,2-3,5; P2 sebesar 3,5-3,6; dan P3 sebesar 2,0-3,1. Nilai nitrat berkisar antara 0-40 dimana nilai yang tertinggi terdapat pada P1 sebesar 10-40, sedangkan nilai nitrit pada tiap perlakuan memiliki nilai yang sama yaitu 0-0,25.The shellfish has protein 2-3% and calcium 30-40%, with the large of calcium produced from the shellfish it is expected the required mineral of the fish need are met and the resulting waste can be reduced. The research was done experimental laboratory using a complete Randomized Design (RAL) experiment with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The treatment applied was the difference of concentration of flour shell starch 0% (P0) as control, 5% (P1), and 10% (P2), 15% (P3). The result showed that there was no significant difference of flour shell meal on catfish seed feed where the highest survival rate was found in P2 (10%) 58%, weight gain was also found in P2 1.55 gr and 1% , 82cm. There was a significant effect on feeding in P3 treatment (15%) of 101.88% where Fhit (4.88)> Ftab (5%) was 3.86 and (1%) was 6.99. The temperature from beginning to end of the study ranges from 28-310C, and for pH has a value range between 6.38 to 3.91. The DO value at P0 was 3.0-3.2; P1 of 3.2-3.5; P2 of 3.5-3.6; and P3 of 2.0-3.1. Nitrate value ranges from 0-40 where the highest value is in P1 was 10-40, while the nitrite value in each treatment has the same value that is 0-0.25.
Dekomposisi serasah daun mangrove Rhizophora apiculata di Desa Bagan Asahan, Kecamatan Tanjungbalai, Kabupaten Asahan, Provinsi Sumatera Utara
Authors: Sari Kusuma Widya , Yunasfi Yunasfi , Suryanti Ani
Published: March 2018

Mangrove menghasilkan serasah yang akan mengalami proses dekomposisi yang kemudian dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber hara bagi tanaman dan juga merupakan sumber makanan bagi ikan serta invertebrata yang penting. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengukur dekomposisi serasah daun R. apiculata dan mengetahui kandungan unsur hara karbon (C), nitrogen (N) dan fosfor (P) pada serasah daun Rhizophora apiculata yang dilepas selama proses dekomposisi. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Februari hingga Mei 2017 di Desa Bagan Asahan Kecamatan Tanjungbalai Kabupaten Asahan Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Penentuan stasiun penelitian menggunakan metode purposive sampling pada tiga stasiun dengan penentuan stasiun berdasarkan pengamatan ketersediaan jenis mangrove R. apiculata. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan laju dekomposisi serasah daun R. apiculata pada hari ke-90 yaitu pada stasiun I bernilai 13,04 stasiun II bernilai 11,42 dan stasiun III bernilai 10,24. Kandungan unsur hara karbon selama proses dekomposisi 90 hari yaitu stasiun I sebesar 16,24 %, stasiun II sebesar 15,29% dan stasiun III sebesar 15,42 %. Unsur hara nitrogen yang terdekomposisi pada hari ke 90 yaitu stasiun I sebesar 2,69%, stasiun II sebesar 2,57 % dan stasiun III sebesar 2,75%. Kandungan unsur hara fosfor selama proses dekomposisi 90 hari yaitu stasiun I 0,02 %, stasiun II 0,02 % dan stasiun III 0,01 %.Mangroves produced litter that will undergo decomposition process which used as a source of nutrients for plants and also source of food for fish and important invertebrates. The purpose of this research is to measure the decomposition of Rhizophora apiculata leaf litter and to know the content of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) nutrient in leaf litter of R. apiculata released during the decomposition process. The research was conducted from February to May 2017 in Bagan Asahan Village, Tanjungbalai District, Asahan Regency, North Sumatera Province. The method of this research used purposive sampling and determined three stations sampling based on observation of availability R. apiculata mangrove species. The result showed that decomposition rate of R. apiculata leaf on the 90 day at station I was 13,04, station II was 11,42, and station III was 10,24. The content of carbon nutrients during the 90 day decomposition process in station I was 16.24%, station II was 15.29% and station III was 15.42%. Nitrogen nutrient elements decomposed on the 90 day were station I was 2.69%, station II was 2.57% and station III was 2.75%. Phosphorus nutrient content during 90 day decomposition process was 0,02% for station I, 0,02% for station II and 0,01% for station III.
Complaint Monitoring System Using Android in Iraq
Authors: Baker Sadiq Majeed Raghad
Published: March 2018

Despite the widespread use of smartphones in Iraq and the possession of a vast number of people, the Iraqi environment is still lacking efficient applications that provide a real collaboration between the citizens and government through advanced diverse services. These applications will increase the transparency through monitoring the performance of the government institutions by citizens. Moreover, citizens can enforce the government employees to finish their works efficiently on time. Mayoralty of Baghdad is one of these institutions that contains many municipalities which are responsible for maintaining and running the city. Complaint Monitoring System (M-complaint) is created to help citizens to submit their complaints with photos of problemâ€™s locations and track their locations using Global Positioning System (GPS) accurately. Citizens can track their complaints and reply the amount of satisfaction to the solutions which provided by municipalities. In addition, daily, the system will automatically filter the unsolved claims within seven days and submit a notification to the higher authority to find the suitable solutions. The aim of creating this application is to simplify the process of registering a complaint to the municipal and monitor the status of it (solved/not solved) in a quicker and cheaper way. Also, it measures the amount of citizens 'satisfaction depending on the provided solutions. If the problem were not be resolved within seven days, the system would automatically send a notification to the higher authority to follow up neglected complaints and take necessary actions. This system supports transparency and integrity and enables both citizens and officials to follow up on the performance of their employees. It considers as a part of Mobile government (M-government).
Influence Factors of Adoption E-commerce in Iraqi SMEs
Authors: Luay Ahmed Ahmed
Published: March 2018

Today the most significant technologies that change the business environment is the Internet that has a great effect on the future of electronic commerce (e-commerce). Currently e-commerce plays a vital role in the development of small and medium enterprises (SME). Therefore, Iraq must involve its SME in this field in order to no longer be separated from the business world and the new economy. The objective of this paper is to identify the factors that prevent the adoption e-commerce by SME. The researcher prefers to use qualitative and quantitative approach due to identify these factors. The results showed the most important factors that affect directly and must be considered in order to adoption of e-commerce in SME.  Adoption these factors will help Iraqi SMEâ€™s to gain long term success in the global market.
R-tree for spatial data structure
Authors: Hazem Azez Hassnen
Published: March 2018

Spatial database usually consult with the gathering of records which have a spatial coordinates and are described inside a space.

On the way to support spatial items in a database gadget several issues need to be taken into consideration inclusive of spatial records models, indexing mechanisms, efficient query processing, and value models.

A commonplace real global usage for an R-tree data shape might be to save spatial item, after which discover answer quick to queries. This means that its miles and green and essential index creation for plenty multidimensional statistics base software because each construction time and performance profits in question processing are vital. The proposed work is a simple implementation of spatial data structure that supports the manipulation, storage, and analysis and display data in visual form.
Hybrid techniques to improve face recognition based on features extraction methods and Haar discrete wavelet transformation
Authors: AbdulAmeer AbdulJabbar Israa , Ali Yakoob Zainab
Published: March 2018

This paper uses hybrid techniques to improve the rate of recognition for a face from identified data set of faces. These techniques are summarized by applying firstly the Haar discrete wavelet transformation method in order to enhance and compress the images of the data set and store the results for each process in a separate data set. Secondly, applying a hybrid method from two popular face recognition methods called Principal Component Analysis and Singular Value Decomposition for extracting feature from the images. This work applied by using a dataset contains 400 images for 40 different persons called Olivetti Research Laboratory (ORL). In calculating the distances between image vectors, Manhattan measurement is used and its show a very good results in recognition rate. From this work, it can be concluded that recognition rate increments with the decrementing in the number of dataset images and increasing the threshold value. The expended time in execution decreases in a very obvious way when using the compressed dataset rather than the enhanced dataset which its images has four times the size of the images in the compressed dataset.
Simulation of autonomous mobile robot using fuzzy logic
Authors: Badr Jarah Nada
Published: March 2018

One of the most important issues in the world of robot is the development of a smart system to improve the movement of autonomous mobile robots and non-collision within the place in which it moves, which requires machine learning and development of operational capabilities in the ability to visualize, data processing and decision-making.

     The aim of this research is to simulate using the fuzzy logic in the matlab program of the robot movement to avoid the obstacle and reach the required place Beside the wall. Real world is strongly characterized by uncertainty. Fuzzy logic has proven to be a conventional tool for handling such uncertainties.
Use of logistic regression to study the most important factors affecting the incidence of tuberculosis
Authors: Raaid Talib Hayder , Razzaq Abd Ahmed , Hamdullah Ahmed Ali
Published: March 2018

What distinguishes this research Is to focus on the concept of logistic the regression and its characteristics and how to build the model analytical descriptive approach was used to describe the logistic regression How to estimate Its Features And its use as an important tool in studying the influencing factors in the injury of tuberculosis the sample included 299 patients.
Electromagnetic design of a new radial flux permanent magnet motor
Authors: Bouloukza Ibtissam , Mordjaoui Mourad , Kurt Erol , Bal Güngör , Ökmen Coşkun
Published: March 2018

This paper proposes a new design study for a
three-phase permanent magnet motor. The radial flux machine has 12 pole type
magnets in its rotor internally and a surface mounted stator has 36 coils
surrounding the cores. Initially, a magnetostatic study has been performed,
and then a 2D transient finite element analysis has been realized in order to
verify the new design concept. Then, a harmonic analysis is performed to see the harmonic
impact on the design performance and achieving a good prototype. The new-designed machine is promising
since it gives symmetrical field structure under operation and the
electromagnetic torques and current waveforms characteristics are good for different
angular spreading of magnet.
Letter Frequency Analysis of Languages Using Latin Alphabet
Authors: Grigas Gintautas , Juškevičienė Anita
Published: March 2018

The evaluation of the peculiarities of alphabets, particularly the frequency of letters is essential when designing keyboards, analysing texts, designing alphabet-based games, and doing some text mining. Thus, it is important to determine what might be useful for designers of text input tools, and of other technologies related to sets of letters. Knowledge of common features among different languages gives an opportunity to take advantage of the experience of other languages. Nowadays an increasing amount of texts is published on the Internet. In order to adequately compare the frequencies of letters in different languages used in the online space, Wikipedia texts have been selected as a source material for investigation. This paper presents the Method of the Adjacent Letter Frequency Differences in the frequency line, which helps to evaluate frequency breakpoints. This is a uniform evaluation criterion for 25 main languages using Latin script in order to highlight the similarities and differences among them. Research focuses on the letter frequency analysis in the area of rarely used native letters and frequently used foreign letters in a particular language. The frequency of the letters is one of the factors that determines the location of the keys for the language specific letters on the keyboard.
Talasemi ve ilgili hemoglobinopatilerin Moleküler Tanı Yöntemleri: Günümüz ve Gelecek
Authors: Özbolat Gülüzar , Tuli Abdullah
Published: March 2018

Hemoglobinopati, otozomal resesif geçişli
monogenik bozuklukların en sık görülen grubudur. Hemoglobin (Hb)  molekülünün alfa (α) ve beta (β) globin zincirlerini
kodlayan genlerde mutasyonlar veya delesyonlar ile karakterizedir ve genel
olarak anormal hemoglobin ve talasemi olarak sınıflandırılır. Günümüzde,
anormal hemoglobin ve talasemi mutasyonların tespiti için çeşitli yöntemler
kullanılmaktadır. Mutasyon tespitindeki teknolojik ilerlemelere rağmen,
mutasyonların taranmasında doğru tanıya ulaşabilmek için hematolojik ve
moleküler tekniklerin birlikte kullanılması gerekir. Bu derlemede, mevcut
standart hematolojik teknikler ve tanı yöntemleri ile yeni moleküler teknikler
hakkında bilgi verdik.
Yaşlanmanın Mitokondriyal Bütünlüğünün Denetlenmesi
Authors: Döğüş Yusuf , Çürük Mehmet Akif
Published: March 2018

Yaşlanma, doku ve organ
fonksiyonlarında ilerleyici gerileme ile karakterize, hastalık ve ölüm riskinde
artışa neden olan doğal bir olaydır. İnsan yaşlanmasına katkıda bulunan çeşitli
faktörler arasında, mitokondrial disfonksiyon en önemli etkenlerden biri olarak
ortaya çıkmaktadır. Mitokondrial disfonksiyon metabolik sendrom,
nörodejeneratif bozukluklar, kardiyovasküler hastalıklar ve kanser gibi yaşla
ilişkili patolojilerin gelişimi ile bağlantılıdır. Mitokondri, enerji ve
metabolik homeostazın düzenlenmesinde merkezi olup mitokondrial hasarı
sınırlandıran ve mitokondrial bütünlüğü ve işlevi sağlamak için karmaşık bir
sisteme sahiptir. Ökaryotlarda çeşitli moleküler ve hücresel yolaklar,
mitokondrinin kalitesini ve bütünlüğünü kontrol etmek için etkindir. Bu
yolaklar, organizmanın ömrü boyunca bu temel organelin sağlıklı bir şekilde işlevini
gerçekleştirmesi ile ilgilidir. Mitokondrial fonksiyonları belirleyen mitokondrial
komplekslerin yanısıra mitokontriyal DNA (mtDNA)'nın bütünlüğünün denetlenmesi
ve ekspresyonunun düzenlenmesi, tekli proteinlerin yeniden şekillendirilmesi
için gereklidir. Mitokondri; genomik, proteomik, organeller ve hücresel
seviyelerdeki altta yatan mekanizmaların anlaşılması, mitokondrial fonksiyon
bozuklukları, dejeneratif süreçler, yaşlanma ve mitokondriyanın bozulmasından
kaynaklanan yaşa bağlı hastalıklar için müdahale etmenin temelidir. Kalite
kontrol (Quality control: QC) sistemleri, organellerin işlev bozukluğuna yol
açan dejeneratif hastalıklar ve yaşlanma gibi süreçleri engeller. Bu derlemenin
konusu; bugün hala tam olarak açıklanamayan yaşlanma sürecinin aydınlatılmasına
neden olan mitokandriyal düzenlemenin incelenmesidir. Mitokondrial QC'de
hastalık ve yaşlanma ile ilgili yolaklar; mtDNA onarımı ve yeniden
organizasyonu, okside aminoasit rejenerasyonu, ağır hasar gören proteinlerin
yeniden katlanması ve parçalanması, mitofajinin tümüyle mitokondrinin bozulması
ve sonunda programlanmış hücre ölümü tartışılacaktır.