bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The provision of additional services in primary care: a cross-sectional study of incentivised additional services, social deprivation, and ethnic group
Authors: L'Esperance Veline , Schofield Peter , Ashworth Mark
Published: November 2020

Background

Primary care in England is contracted to provide essential services. Many practices also provide additional services, termed ‘directed enhanced services’ (DES), for extra income. The optional nature of DES may result in inequitable service delivery.

Aim

To determine the range of DES activity and equity of service provision.

Design & setting

A cross-sectional analysis of data from general practices in England took place from 2018–2019.

Method

DES were defined in terms of activity level and measured as total DES funding per registered patient. Linear regression modelling was used to explore the relationship between DES activity, practice, and population characteristics.

Results

Data were available for 6873 practices providing up to 10 DES in the initial sample. Due to negative funding amounts and a list size of ≤750 registered patients, 24 practices were excluded. Of the final sample (n = 6849), highest DES provision was for influenza and pneumococcal immunisation (99.9%), pertussis immunisation (97.9%), rotavirus and shingles immunisation (99.9%), meningitis immunisation (99.7%), and childhood immunisation (99.6%); lowest provision was for extended hours access (72.4%), violent patient services (2.0%), and out-of-area urgent care (1.3%). Mean DES funding was £6.25 per patient. In deprived areas, DES funding was £0.35 lower (95% confidence interval [CI] = £0.60 to £0.10) per patient (most versus least deprived quintiles); ethnic group-related differences were not significant. DES funding was higher in practices with more GPs or practice nurses per patient. In deprived communities, there was less immunisation activity (including influenza, pneumococcal, meningitis, childhood, and rotavirus and shingles immunisation) and provision of extended hours access; however, learning disability checks provision was greater in these communities.

Conclusion

DES provision is lower in deprived areas (notably for immunisations and some aspects of access) but higher in better staffed practices. Voluntary quality schemes may contribute to widening health inequalities.
Percepção de mulheres em situação de aborto em relação ao atendimento dos profissionais de enfermagem
Authors: Do Nascimento Lílian , Lima da Conceição Priscila , De Paula Silva Thalita , Nunes Ambrozini de Sousa Izabella , Lisboa da Silveira Fortes Fabíola , Andrade e Silva Érika
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: Identificar na literatura científica disponível o que vem sendo discutido sobre o aborto e a assistência de enfermagem. Metodologia: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, considerando o recorte temporal de 2009 a 2019. Resultados: originaram-se três categorias de discussão: Gênero e autonomia do corpo feminino versus sentimentos da mulher em relação ao aborto; Percepções sociais versus o aborto provocado; Percepção da mulher sobre a assistência dos profissionais de enfermagem frente ao aborto. Considerações finais: mulheres em situação de abortamento apontaram a falta de atenção e um afastamento dos profissionais de enfermagem, quando precisam de atendimento. Percebe-se o quanto é importante que esta situação seja trabalhada na formação dos profissionais, em especial, profissionais de enfermagem.
Cateter Central de Inserção Periférica coadjuvante no tratamento de Epidermólise Bolhosa: relato de caso clínico
Authors: Do Campo Silva Telma Christina , Muniz Braga Luciene
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: Descrever o emprego de Cateter Central de Inserção Periférica como coadjuvante no tratamento de Epidermólise Bolhosa Distrófica no tratamento intra-hospitalar e na desospitalização. Metodologia: Trata-se de um relato de caso. As informações foram obtidas por meio de revisão do prontuário, registro fotográfico do curativo e revisão da literatura. Resultados: O dispositivo foi utilizado para a administração de antibióticos, sedação e transfusão de hemocomponentes. A inserção do cateter foi realizada por uma enfermeira da equipe de terapia intravenosa do Hospital. Após a alta hospitalar o Cateter Central de Inserção Periférica foi usado a nível ambulatorial, para término do tratamento quimioterápico e antibioticoterapia Conclusão: O cateter no tratamento ambulatorial favoreceu a desospitalização precoce, contribuindo para diminuição dos custos com internação hospitalar e redução do risco de infecção relacionada à assistência em saúde. A terapia endovenosa através do Cateter Central de Inserção Periférica favoreceu a humanização do cuidado e melhoria da qualidade da assistência à paciente.
Scaling-Up Performance-Based Financing in Burkina Faso: From PBF to User Fees Exemption Strategic Purchasing
Authors: Seppey Mathieu , Ridde Valéry , Somé Paul-André
Published: November 2020

Background: Numerous countries have undertaken performance-based financing (PBF) reforms to improve quality and quantity of healthcare services. However, only few reforms have successfully managed to achieve the different scale-up phases. In Burkina Faso, a pilot project was implemented, but was put on hold before being scaled. During the writing of this article, discussions to scale-up were still ongoing on a national strategic purchasing strategy within a government led user fee exemption policy. Methods: This study’s objective is to identify facilitators and barriers to scaling-up for that pilot, based on the World Health Organization’s (WHO’s) theoretical framework. Interviews were conducted in three health centres and in Ouagadougou to discuss the scale-up with different actors. The software QDA Miner© was used to help in the framework analysis. Results: The low involvement of some key stakeholders (mainly decision-makers) and the unstable context hindered ownership of the project, thus its priority on the political agenda. PBF reform therefore lost its momentum to the benefit of a user fee exemption policy. This latter program was seen to be more beneficial since it addressed access to healthcare services, in comparison to service quality, which was the PBF’s relative advantage. A scale-up of some PBF elements (eg, strategic purchasing tools) is however still in discussion in 2019, but would be integrated within the user fee exemption program. Increased costs during the PBF’s implementation gave the impression that the project was too costly and not scalable. The involvement of an important funding agency (World Bank, WB) also fed the impression of high costs, which demotivated the actors, especially decision-makers. Conclusion: Contextual factors remain central to the implementation of PBF, while their evaluation and mitigation have remained unclear. The participation of key actors in scaling-up operations and the use of social science as tools to better understand the context is therefore primordial.
DINAMIKA PRAKTIK PEMBAYARAN PARKIR MENGGUNAKAN SATU DOMPET DIGITAL
Authors: Farida Ita , Zubaedah Rahmi , Apriani Rani
Published: November 2020

Aplikasi dompet digital untuk menyimpan uang secara digital dan gunanya adalah untuk melakukan pembayaran salah satunya pembayaran parkir secara non tunai seperti pada gedung milik Lippo Group yang dikelola oleh PT. Sky Parking Utama. Metode penelitian yang penulis gunakan adalah yuridis normatif yaitu penelitian difokuskan pada pengkajian penerapan kaidah-kaidah normatif yang berkaitan dengan judul penelitian. Hasil pembahasan didapati simpulan bahwa penggunaan satu dompet digital pada pembayaran parkir, bahwa hal tersebut telah melanggar ketentuan Pasal 17 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1999 tentang Larangan Praktik Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat, yang mana bahwa dalam isi pasalnya menyatakan dilarang melakukan penguasaan atas produksi atau pemasaran barang maupun jasa yang dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya praktik monopoli dan persaingan usaha tidak sehat seperti yang tertuang pada Pasal 17 ayat (2) huruf b yang mengakibatkan pelaku usaha lain tidak dapat masuk ke dalam persaingan usaha dari barang maupun jasa yang sama.
THE ENSEMBLE PRINCIPLE AND ANALYTICAL MODEL OF PROJECT WORKFLOW ORGANIZATION
Authors:   Ulyanovsk State Technical University, Voit Nikolai N.
Published: November 2020

The purpose of the author’s fundamental research is to increase the efficiency of processing business processes in automated systems (AS) in the basis of graphic languages by reducing the time spent on their development and processing. The goal is also to improve the success of the processing of workflow diagrammatic models. Moreover, success is understood as meeting the requirements for resource constraints, including functionality, financial component and deadlines. Also, the goal includes improving the quality of diagrammatic models by controlling denotative and significative semantic errors. The business process itself is presented in the form of a diagrammatic workflow model, and process processing refers to the analysis, control, transformation and interpretation of workflow diagrammatic models. The paper contains an analysis of existing approaches to automating the design of workflows in a large design organization. Descriptions of the development of the theoretical foundations for the processing of diagrammatic models of workflows are proposed in the form of a new principle of organizing the flows of design work in the basis of graphic languages – “Ensemble”, a new analytical model of organizing the flows of design work, taking into account orchestration, choreography. The developed principle and model are integrated into the methodology of the structural-semantic approach. A computational experiment based on the developed model is described, which represents the workflows of design work in the design preparation of production and technological preparation of production. This article is one of the follow-up works on the methodology for processing design workflows in the basis of graphic languages.
FUNCTIONAL CONNECTION (BINDING), ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS AND RATING AS TOOLS FOR DEVELOPING A SEMANTIC CORRECT SCHEME FOR DATABASES
Authors:   FRPC JSC ‘RPA ‘Mars’, Tokmakov Gennadii P. , Savkin Aleksandr L. ,   FRPC JSC ‘RPA ‘Mars’
Published: November 2020

The paper considers an ambiguous representation of the subject area reality in data modelling in terms of the relation scheme. There were some attempts to rectify the relational model drawbacks by determining functional dependences among the relation attributes. Those attempts did not tackle the issue completely due to the specific nature of determining functional dependences during standardization of database scheme. The standardization allows eliminating an anomaly of operation updating caused by incorrect models of the subject area associated with the lack of semantic information in the relation model. To improve the representation process of semantic information, which is applied in designing of subject area, the authors suggest using such terms as essential elements and rating. These terms had been scrutinized ever since the hard-copy document workflow, when they were applied to formalize the document contents. To this purpose, the article describes the main components of the relational model in terms of essential elements and rating. For accomplishing aggregation and generalization operations used in developing the relational model and based on the description, the paper identifies formal criteria enabling to reduce the subjective factor while designing a conceptual database scheme.
WORD2VEC AND BERT LANGUAGE MODELS USED FOR A SENTIMENT ANALYSIS OF TEXT POSTS IN SOCIAL NETWORKS
Authors:   Ulyanovsk State Technical University, Yarushkina Nadezhda G. , Moshkin Vadim S. ,   Ulyanovsk State Technical University, Konstantinov Andrei A. ,   Ulyanovsk State Technical University
Published: November 2020

The paper proposes an original algorithm for the formation of a training sample for a neural network that provides a sentiment analysis of text posts in social networks. A feature of the algorithm is the use of the extended Russian-language semantic thesaurus WordNetAffect and the expert dictionary of author’s symbols for expressing emotions. In addition, the paper describes the application of a neural network based on the LSTM architecture to determine the emotional coloring of text messages on a social network using two text vectorization algorithms “word2vec” and “BERT”. As a result of the experiments, an indicator of the accuracy of determining the emotional coloring of messages of 87% was achieved using lemmatization as a text preprocessing algorithm and the BERT algorithm when converting it into a vector.
SIMULATION AND BIFURCATION ANALYSIS OF GEOTECHNICAL SYSTEM STABILITY UNDER VIBRATION
Authors:   Vladimir State University, Dorofeev Nikolai V. , Grecheneva Anastasia V. ,   Vladimir State University, Pankina Ekaterina S. ,   Vladimir State University, Romanov Roman V. ,   Vladimir State University
Published: November 2020

The automation of control processes for the stability of geotechnical systems is a great challenge involving the development of methods for multivariate analyzing and forecasting the stability with the subject to the nonlinearity of material stiffness parameters. The aim of the study is to improve the efficiency of automated control systems for geotechnical stability by developing an approach to detect negative changes in bifurcation diagrams of vibration displacement parameters of object structures. The authors present a mathematical model of the dynamic behavior of structural elements of an object as an elementary unit of a geotechnical system that describes a response to an external vibration action. An algorithm of bifurcation analysis is presented, which allows authors to determine the initial transition stage of the object structure to an unstable state by the acceleration values of forced oscillations exceeding the model parameters. A bifurcation diagram of stability changes in the structure of object at the displacement resulting from the load increase under vibration action has been constructed. This diagram, which type of codimension-one bifurcations is merging, enabled to determine the critical load values resulting in an unstable state transition of a system due to the influence of a combination of vibration factors. The efficiency evaluation of the proposed approach was carried out by the comparison with the results of construction stability calculations obtained by the use of the dynamic coefficient. The difference between the values of the maximum object displacement without loss of the stability under vibration action, obtained by the standard calculation method and using the developed model, is 32.5%, and it is significant in the theory of structure stability. When exogenous vibration noise is used as a source of a sounding signal, the application of the developed approach in automated control systems for geotechnical stability enable to change the permissible stability thresholds of objects being exploited depending on the level and combination of influencing factors.
Subsurface-damaged layer in (010)-oriented β-Ga2O3 substrates
Authors: Yamaguchi Hirotaka , Watanabe Shinya , Yamaoka Yu , Koshi Kimiyoshi , Kuramata Akito
Published: November 2020

Subsurface damage (SSD) in chemical mechanical polishing (CMP)-finished (010)-oriented β-Ga2O3 substrates was investigated using optical microscopy and X-ray topography (XRT). Damaged layers at the surface of (010)-oriented substrates caused by lapping and mechanical polishing had measured thicknesses of 50 μm and 20 μm, respectively, but no detectable damage was caused by CMP. The damage remained as SSD underneath the CMP-finished surface unless the SSD was completely removed by heat treatment. XRT images of an SSD-free (010)-oriented substrate prepared using CMP after heat treatment unambiguously showed dislocations and twin boundaries.
Exact BER Analysis of NOMA with Arbitrary Number of Users and Modulation Orders
Authors: Yahya Hamad , Alsusa Emad , Al-Dweik Arafat
Published: November 2020

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is a promising candidate for future mobile networks as it enables improved spectral-efficiency, massive connectivity and low latency. This paper derives exact and asymptotic bit error rate (BER) expressions under Rayleigh fading channels for NOMA systems with arbitrary number of users and arbitrary number of receiving antennas and modulation orders, including binary phase-shift keying and rectangular/square quadrature amplitude modulation. Furthermore, the power coefficients' bounds, which ensure users' fairness, and solve the constellation ambiguity problem, are derived for N=2 and 3 users cases with any modulation orders. In addition, this paper determines the optimal power assignment that minimizes the system's average BER. These results provide valuable insight into the system's BER performance and power assignment granularity. For instance, it is shown that the feasible power coefficients range becomes significantly small as the modulation order, or N, increases, where the BER performance degrades due to the increased inter-user interference. Hence, the derived expressions can be crucial for the system scheduler in allowing it to make accurate decisions of selecting appropriate N, modulation orders, and power coefficients to satisfy the users' requirements. The presented expressions are corroborated via Monte Carlo simulations.
A traducibilidade de gramsci para o Nordeste Brasileiro: apontamentos exploratório-comparativos através da teoria crítica sobre os processos internacionais de atuação do capitalismo
Authors: Cruz Rodrigo Santos , Passos Rodrigo Duarte Fernandes dos
Published: November 2020

Este artigo faz uma comparação entre Sul italiano e Nordeste brasileiro observando a interpretação de Antonio Gramsci sobre o problema da questão do Mezzogiorno na península itálica. Supõe-se que o capitalismo internacional promove processos de acumulação desequilibrados em virtude da classe burguesa não lograr a hegemonia de forma difusa em seus processos de inserção como classe dominante no mundo contemporâneo. O trabalho está dividido em duas seções: a primeira aborda os aspectos gerais que compõe a situação do Sul italiano, de acordo com Gramsci; a segunda seção se debruça sobre a possibilidade de tradução da região nordeste brasileira como oriunda de processos sociais iguais ao que formaram a questão regional italiana. São usados nessa segunda parte tanto a interpretação do próprio Gramsci como de autores que comentaram sua obra e de outros pensadores que abordam a problemática que envolve a região nordestina no quadro nacional de participação política e econômica diante do capitalismo.
A influência das Teorias Raciais e Eugênicas na produção científica nacional durante os séculos XIX e XX
Authors: Veiga Larissa Cristina Clemente , Vascon Luis Fernando de Castro
Published: November 2020

A história do Brasil é marcada por conflitos raciais desde o amargo contexto da escravidão. A desigualdade e o preconceito vividos até hoje pela população negra na sociedade brasileira terão respaldo na produção cientifica do país que, apoiada em teorias raciais e eugênicas vindas da Europa, promoveram a ideologia dominante, especialmente após a abolição da escravatura. O presente artigo tem por objetivo compreender o processo histórico de formação dos discursos científicos raciais no Brasil, do período monarquio até a passagem para o século XX. A partir do recorte histórico realizado, observa-se no país a tentativa de compreender as desigualdades sociais pautando-se na inferiorização dos negros, tendo em vista o modelo europeu de civilização. As premissas criadas neste período consolidaram políticas de criminalização da população negra e contribuíram para o racismo na sociedade brasileira contemporaneidade.
POSSIBILITIES OF ANTIOXIDANT PROTECTION IN PATIENTS WITH SUPERIOR HYPERPLASIA OF THE PEDESTAL GLAND AND ACCOMPANYING CHRONIC POSTATITIS
Authors: Осипов Павел Георгиевич , Береш Андрей Александрович , Ханин Юрий Сергеевич , Некрылова Олеся Игоревна
Published: November 2020

Несмотря на достигнутые успехи в диагностике и лечении, на сегодняшний день проблема хронического простатита у пациентов с доброкачественной гиперплазией простаты продолжает оставаться актуальной. Тем временем, выздоровление или же стойкая ремиссия хронического простатита наступает только у 30-35% больных, которые получают традиционное лечение. В патогенезе хронического простатита важное место занимают мембранопатологические процессы, которые обусловлены активацией перекисного окисления липидов и нарушением состояния антиоксидантной системы защиты. У больных с хроническим простатитом и доброкачественной гиперплазией простаты наблюдается существенное усиление процессов липопероксидации на фоне сниженной функциональной способности антиоксидантных систем защиты организма. Поэтому равновесие в оксидантно-антиоксидантной системе является важным звеном в поддержании гомеостаза и, в частности, при патологии предстательной железы, предопределяет включение в комплексное лечение средств антиоксидантного действия. Перспективным можно считать применение препаратов с высоким содержанием биофлавоноидов и антиоксидантных витаминов. Включение в комплексное лечение таких пациентов препарата Кверцетина приводит к сокращению сроков нормализации клинико-лабораторных проявлений заболевания благодаря восстановлению равновесия между перекисным окислением липидов и состоянием антиоксидантной системы защиты

Despite the successes achieved in the diagnosis and treatment, to date, the problem of chronic progression in patients with benign hyperplasia of the growth continues to remain relevant. Meanwhile, recovery or persistent remission of chronic prostatitis occurs only in 30-35% of patients who receive traditional treatment. In the pathogenesis of chronic prostatitis, membrane-pathological processes take an important place, which are caused by the activation of lipid peroxidation and impaired state of the antioxidant defense system. In patients with chronic prostate and benign hyperplasia, a significant increase in lipoperoxidation processes is observed against the background of a reduced functional ability of antioxidant defense systems. Therefore, the equilibrium in the oxidant-antioxidant system is an important link in the maintenance of homeostasis and, in particular, with the pathology of the prostate gland, allows the inclusion of antioxidant drugs in the complex treatment. The use of drugs with a high content of bioflavonoids and antioxidant vitamins can be considered promising. The inclusion of such patients in the complex treatment of the drug Quercetin leads to a reduction in the normalization period of the clinical and laboratory manifestations of the disease due to the restoration of the equilibrium between the peroxidation of the lipid peroxidation system and the state of lipid peroxidation
EVALUATION OF THE THERAPEUTIC OPPORTUNITIES OF PLASMAPHERESIS IN THE HEMOLYTIС DISEASE OF NEWBORNS, RELATED TO GROUP INCOMPATIBILITY, BY INDICATORS OF RED BLOOD CELL AND HEMODYNAMIC SYSTEMS
Authors: Поздняков Анатолий Михайлович , Буданова Маргарита Валерьевна , Балалаева Ирина Юрьевна , Гриднева Раиса Ивановна
Published: November 2020

Известно, что билирубиновый обмен и степень его напряженности являются одним из ключевых элементов механизма реализации ГБН и ее возможных, вплоть до жизненно угрожающих осложнений. В статье рассматриваются возможности терапевтического воздействия плазмафереза на патогенетические механизмы ключевых гомеостатических нарушений при гемолитической болезни новорожденных, связанной с АВО-несовместимостью. Гемолиз, как пусковой механизм начальных проявлений клинической реализации ГБН, опосредуется, как известно, путем метаболизма билирубина через функциональную систему эритрон - печень. Разрушение в кровеносном русле эритроцитов - основного «источника» кислорода и последующие изменения реологии крови - магистральной кислородной системы, приводит к развитию гипоксемии и «вторичному» повреждению органов, тканей и систем, в первую очередь, наделенных высокоспециализированными функциями. Приведенные данные исследований подтверждают терапевтическую целесообразность плазмафереза, который на ранних стадиях ГБН по АБО-несовместимости обеспечивает значительный билирубин-детоксицирующий эффект, выводит из кровеносного русла метаболические эндотоксины «вторичного происхождения»

It is known that bilirubin metabolism and its degree of tension is one of the key elements of the mechanism for the realization of HDN, and its possible, up to life-threatening complications. The article considers the possibilities of the therapeutic effect of plasmapheresis on the pathogenetic mechanisms of key homeostatic disorders in hemolytic disease of the newborn associated with ABO incompatibility. Hemolysis, as a trigger for the initial manifestations of the clinical realization of HDN, is mediated, as is known, by the metabolism of bilirubin through the erythron-liver functional system. The destruction in the bloodstream of red blood cells - the main "source" of oxygen and subsequent changes in blood rheology - the main oxygen system, leads to the development of hypoxemia and "secondary" damage to organs, tissues and systems in the first place, endowed with highly specialized functions. The given research data confirm the therapeutic feasibility of plasmapheresis, which in the early stages of HDN by ABO incompatibility, provides a significant bilirubin-detoxifying effect, removes metabolic endotoxins of "secondary origin" from the bloodstream
DEVELOPMENT OF A DEVICE FOR NONINVASIVE MEASUREMENTS OF HEMOGLOBIN IN BRAIN TISSUE
Authors: Хомякова Полина Темировна , Писарева Аза Валерьевна , Николаев Александр Петрович
Published: November 2020

Данная статья посвящена разработке устройства для неинвазивного измерения процентного содержания гемоглобина в крови с целью выявления гипоксии. Наиболее перспективным методом изучения процессов тканевого дыхания в головном мозге и непосредственного интраоперационного мониторинга церебральной гипоксии считается метод церебральной оксиметрии или спектроскопии в ближнем инфракрасном спектре. Показаны преимущества и недостатки данного метода. Целью настоящей работы является создание тканевого оксиметра для неинвазивного измерения процентного содержания гемоглобина в крови с целью идентификации гипоксии головного мозга у человека. Разрабатываемое устройство в дальнейшем планируется использовать для диагностики ишемического инсульта. Прототип этого устройства был основан на диагностической системе Oxiplex TS от ISS, Inc. Изучение прототипа разрабатываемого устройства показывает, что недостатки конструкции влияют на измерительные функции устройства. В ходе работы исследовательской группой была собрана опытная модель, которая нам позволила провести первые измерения для проверки работоспособности разработанного устройства. Результаты эксперимента показали, что входящий сигнал имеет широкий разброс изменчивости параметров, необходимых для измерения микроциркуляции крови, но компонент импульса может быть измерен точно

This article deals with the development of a device for noninvasive measurement of the percentage content of hemoglobin in the blood to detect hypoxia. As a promising method of studying the processes of tissue respiration in the brain and direct intraoperative monitoring of cerebral hypoxia is a method of cerebral oximetry or spectroscopy in the near infrared spectrum. The advantages and disadvantages of this method. The aim of this work is the creation of a tissue oximeter for non-invasive measurement of the percentage content of hemoglobin in the blood to identify hypoxia. The device is planned to be used for the diagnosis of ischemic stroke. A prototype of this device was based on the diagnostic system from the ISS Oxiplex TS, Inc. Analysis of the prototype showed that the design flaws affect the measurement functions of the device. In the course of work of the study group collected a model that allowed us to conduct the first measurement to verify that the developed device. The results of the experiment showed that the incoming signal has a wide spread of variability of parameters needed to measure the microcirculation of blood, but the momentum component can be measured accurately
THE PROBLEM OF PLANNING THE AMOUNT OF HETEROGENEOUS RESOURCES IN
INDUSTRIAL GERT-NETWORKS WITH FUNCTIONALLY DEPENDENT RANDOM OPERATIONS
Authors: Перепелкин Д.А. , Фам А.М. , Нгуен А.З.
Published: November 2020

В работе рассмотрена задача планирования объема разнородных ресурсов в промышленных GERT-сетях с функционально зависимыми случайными операциями. Представлены основные шаги алгоритма для применения линейных функциональных зависимостей случайных величин в экспоненциальных GERT-сетях ресурсов. Рассмотрены примеры расчета объема ресурса одинакового или разного типов. Даны сравнительные результаты выходной величины GERT-сети, полученные численным и математическим методами.

The paper considers the problem of planning the amount of heterogeneous resources in industrial GERT networks with functionally dependent random operations. The main steps of the algorithm for applying linear functional dependencies of random variables in exponential GERT-networks of resources are presented. Examples of calculating the volume of a resource of the same or different types are considered. The results of the output value of the GERT-network obtained by numerical and mathematical methods are compared.
MODELS FOR DESCRIBING AND SUPPORTING AUTOMATED SYSTEM SCENARIOS
Authors: Хранилов В.П. , Мисевич П.В. , Ермилов А.Э.
Published: November 2020

В статье представлены модели описания сценариев функционирования автоматизированных систем (АС). Вводится и анализируется категория "жизненный цикл сценариев АС". Наиболее важными этапами жизненного цикла сценария являются следующие: этап формирования событийного набора для формирования сценария, этап выполнения последовательности сценарных событий и этап ситуационного анализа внешней и внутренней среды события. В статье предложена математическая модель функционирования АС, которая используется для поддержки этапа выполнения последовательности сценарных событий и основана на принципе информационной логистики: каждый параметр (набор данных) находится в нужном месте в АС, "точно в срок" и в нужном формате. Для поддержки ситуационного анализа предлагается модифицированная фреймовая модель. Ситуационный анализ используется для разработки алгоритмов событий и определения следующего события в сценарии. Модифицированная фреймовая модель основана на использовании нечетких логических процедур в фреймовой сети.

The paper presents models for describing the operating scenarios of automated systems. The authors introduce and analyze the category “the life cycle of automated system scenarios”. The life cycle consists of a sequence of stages. The leading success factor of any scenario is the support of the scenario during all stages of its life cycle. The most important stages of the scenario life cycle are the following: the stage of forming the event set for generating the scenario, the stage of performing the sequence of scenario events and the stage of situational analysis of the external and internal environment of the event. In the article it is proposed to use a theoretical set model in order to select an element from a set of alternatives. The elements are events for designing a scenario. The model uses fuzzy logic and is based on the process of controlling an array of parameters if variants are available. The model is used to support the stage of forming a set of events for generating the scenario. The mathematical model of automated system operation which is used to support the stage of performing the sequence of scenario events is suggested in the article. The model is based on the principle of information logistics: each parameter (a set of data) is in the right place in the automated system, ‘just-in-time’ and in the required format. A modified frame model is proposed to support situational analysis. The situational analysis is used to operate the event algorithms and to determine the next event in the scenario. The modified frame model is based on the use of fuzzy logic procedures in a frame network.
Study of structure, phase composition and physicomechanical properties of modifi ed castings from heat-temperature ZhS3DK alloy
Authors: Gadalov V.N. , Makarova I.A. , Ivanov A.A. , Kutepov S.N. , Filonovich A.V. , Shatul’sky A.A. , Gvozdev A.E.
Published: November 2020

The structure and properties of castings obtained using various modifi ers are studied. It is shown that the
introduction of multicomponent modifi er containing ultrafi ne powders of titanium carbide, titanium carbonitride
leads to decrease in grain, uniform distribution of carbide precipitates and increase in mechanical properties.
The critical temperatures of phase transformations in the cast ZhS3DK alloy and its analogue with modifi ers
are determined by the differential thermal analysis method. The heat treatment condition of modifi ed cast heattemperature alloys of the ZhS3DK type is corrected.
Effect of borating
on resistance to abrasive wear of chromium-bearing iron-carbon alloys
Authors: Ovcharenko P.G. , Tereshkina S.A. , Leshchev A.Yu. , Tarasov V.V.
Published: November 2020

The effect of chemical-thermal treatment (borating) on the structure, composition, depth and hardness of the
surface layer of samples from chromium-bearing iron-carbon alloys: 95Kh18 steel and ChKh12 and ChKh32 cast
iron is shown. The results of comparative tests of the studied materials on the wear resistance in the conditions of
dry friction on fixed abrasive are presented.
El aprendizaje: posibilidades teóricas para comprenderlo más allá de la escuela
Authors: Espinoza Susana López
Published: November 2020

En este ensayo se propone repensar el aprendizaje escolar y, de manera específica, la formación profesional más allá de los enfoquecognitivos dominantes. La trama argumentativa en la revisión de dos perspectivas, las teorías de la cognición situada y las teorías de la actividad, se encamina a sostener que el aprendizaje, a diferencia de las visiones que lo reducen a absorber información, está presente en la participación cotidiana en las prácticas sociales, que participar y aprender son procesos mutuamente implicados. Si bien los énfasis de ambas perspectivas son distintos y corresponden a diversos campos de conocimiento, ambos de una u otra manera reconocen que aprender, pensar y conocer, son relaciones entre personas en actividad dentro de contextos histórica y culturalmente situados. En las teorías de la actividad continuamente se compara el aprendizaje en prácticas no escolares y en ámbitos escolares para des-cubrir posibilidades de hacer más trascendente éste último.
La influencia del nivel de estudios de padres de familia en el rendimiento de estudiantes de la educación media superior
Authors: Bernabé Irvin Rodolfo Tapia
Published: November 2020

En las últimas décadas, la investigación educativa se ha dado a la tarea de conocer la relación de los factores socioculturales, socioeconómicos y de la propia escuela en el desempeño académico y en el logro de los aprendizajes de los estudiantes. El presente estudio, aporta evidencia empírica para dar respuesta al cuestionamiento ¿Influye el nivel de estudios de los padres de familia en el rendimiento escolar de los estudiantes? Bajo los supuestos de las teorías relacionadas a la influencia de los padres en el desarrollo de los hijos, se analizaron los resultados de una prueba estandarizada aplicada a una muestra de 10,110 estudiantes de sexto semestre de la educación media superior y un cuestionario de contexto. Para ello, se empleó el modelo estadístico no paramétrico de Chi Cuadrada para conocer la intensidad de las variables del tipo categórico. Los resultados arrojaron que los estudiantes con padres de familia con niveles de estudios de nivel medio superior y superior, obtienen mejores desempeños en pruebas estandarizadas del logro del aprendizaje.
Conflictos escolares como factor de riesgo en el rendimiento académico y deserción escolar.
Authors: Zepeda María de los Ángeles Carmona
Published: November 2020

El conflicto escolar es, como todo conflicto, un factor inherente en las relaciones humanas, por lo tanto es necesario identificar su existencia en el ámbito escolar, con la finalidad de limitar sus repercusiones, las cuales están ligadas al rendimiento académico y, por lo tanto, a la deserción escolar. El presente trabajo realizó una investigación descriptiva en la que participaron 2883 alumnos de tercer y quinto semestre de los diferentes planteles de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México que se encuentran localizados en el Valle de Toluca, con el objetivo de detectar los tipos de conflicto y su incidencia como factor de riesgo en la deserción.
Conocimientos y saberes de los profesores de primaria sobre la conquista de México: una exploración a través de la lectura de fuentes históricas
Authors: Bello Cortés Geovanny , Morales García Gerardo
Published: November 2020

Este artículo tiene como propósito explorar a través de la lectura de fuentes históricas los conocimientos previos de los docentes de educación primaria ¿Qué genera en el docente el confrontar sus saberes con información que pueda cuestionar sus conceptos? Se aplicaron estrategias de introspección a un grupo de docentes de cuarto y sexto grado de educación primaria. La primera estrategia, Visualización de conceptos, permitió registrar gráficamente el saber inicial del maestro respecto al tema de la conquista de México y los conceptos a) conquista militar y b) conquista espiritual. La segunda, La proyección, consistió en la presentación de una selección de fragmentos sobre el mismo tema utilizando fuentes históricas con distintas versiones historiográficas. El ejercicio provocó un dialogo entre los profesores, donde se suscitaron comentarios altamente significativos sobre reconstruir y resignificar sus conceptos y modificar su labor docente para favorecer el aprendizaje de la historia en los niños.
Experiencias de innovación en la práctica docente en educación superior. De la reflexión a la acción
Authors: Lara Villanueva Rosamary Selene , Zúñiga Rodríguez Maricela
Published: November 2020

Actualmente la innovación en la práctica docente es un tema relevante en las instituciones de educación superior para fortalecer las competencias y el ejercicio profesional docente así como para lograr mejoras notables en los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje, mismas que se concretan en experiencias docentes mediante proyectos de innovación en universidades públicas y en escuelas normalistas como es el caso de la Red de Comunidades para la Renovación de la Enseñanza-Aprendizaje en Educación Superior (RECREA). En el presente artículo se describe y analizan las experiencias de innovación de la práctica educativas de docentes de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo llevadas a cabo en el proyecto  RECREA durante los procesos de formación y los diseños instruccionales  que se derivaron de esta, así como la implementación de la experiencia en el aula en el año 2018, que fue el primer año del proyecto. La metodología para analizar estas experiencias se basó en la investigación-acción porque a partir de la reflexión-acción, los docentes pueden  mejorar sus prácticas. Por tanto, la participación y la colaboración tienen un papel importante en los procesos de innovación. Con la descripción de las etapas de formación durante el proyecto RECREA, se pudo obtener información relevante para analizar los procesos de mejora como de oportunidades para cambiar las prácticas docentes. Los ejes transversales desarrollados durante el proyecto para la transformación de la práctica docente que se integran en la reflexión son: i) Pensamiento complejo, ii) Uso de las TIC e iii) Investigación-acción, que sirvió como metodología para abordar el proceso de innovación en la práctica docente. Los resultados encontrados, indican que hubo una mejoría sustancial en la práctica docente y en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes. También, motivó al  diseño de estrategias más creativas y menos fragmentadas como se ha acostumbrado. Entonces, como todo proceso de mejora, la reflexión-acción, hizo posible que los docentes replantearan sus prácticas de enseñanza y generaran conocimiento, como resultado de sus experiencias educativas.
Menelaah Koeksistensi Damai antara Komunitas Sunni dan Syiah di dusun Sendangasari Kabupaten Jepara
Authors: Haryadi Andi Ahmad Rukka
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan penyebab koeksistensi damai antara komunitas Sunni dan Syiah di dusun Sendangsari Kabupaten Jepara. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan teknik snowball of chain sampling sebagai upaya dalam pengumpulan data. Terdapat tiga hipotesis yang digunakan dalam penelitian hubungan damai ini yaitu 1) penelaahan struktur kehidupan kewargaan; 2) self policing; dan 3) integrasi elit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada struktur kehidupan kewargaan terdapat hubungan yang melampaui batas-batas etnis keagamaan (interethnic engagement) yang ditandai dengan 5 (lima) bentuk jaringan kewargaan (K) antar warga Sunni dan Syiah di dusun. Jaringan kewargaan tersebut menimbulkan ekstensi (reaksi; implikasi; mekanisme pencegahan konflik) dari warga Sunni dan Syiah untuk meredam situasi yang berpotensi menimbulkan kekerasan; yang salah satu bentuk ekstensi tersebut adalah self policing. Jaringan kewargaan (civic engagement) ini didukung oleh konsensus kultural dan struktural (consociationalism) sebagai bagian dari integrasi elit – antar tokoh Sunni dan Syiah – yang memberikan legitimasi pada perilaku damai; serta legitimasi terhadap jaringan kewargaan yang telah lama terjalin antara warga Sunni dan Syiah dalam dusun. Selain itu koeksistensi damai antar dua komunitas keagamaan tersebut tidak lepas dari sikap kognitif dari masing-masing warga Sunni dan Syiah yaitu : urusan keagamaan menjadi hak pribadi masing-masing individu, namun ketika masuk pada urusan sosial hal itu menjadi kewajiban bersama antar warga dusun.
Reasoning of Tree Cross Sections Oval Shaping while Growing with an Inclination
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Glukhikh V.N. , Chernykh A.G.
Published: November 2020

It is known that it is possible to determine the age of a tree and the conditions for its growth by some external features. These features include the number of annual layers on the tree trunk cross section, the correct geometric shape of these layers. The stem taper indicates where this tree grew: in an overstocked stand or in open areas. The oval shape of the cross sections of the trunk is common to the trees with irregular crown or grown inclined to the horizon. A powerful external action of a prevailing wind load influences on the cross sections shaping of tree trunks. Trunk, crown and corresponding cross-breaking strength and compression resistance along the wood fibers of a tree are formed in response to all external influences during its growth. The collaborative effect of these factors is the size, shape and location of the core and sapwood zones in the tree trunks, on which the strength, density, and location of wood defects are dependent, and which affect the quality of wood products in-service. The authors chose the initial stress formed during the tree growth as a uniform criterion for assessing the influence of the natural features of wood on the quality and strength of wooden building structures. The value of which can be fairly estimated by the size and shape of the core and sapwood zones of the tree trunks cross sections. The size and shape of these zones can be measured by scanning. The log sawing pattern should be selected using appropriate computer software that allow obtaining the high-quality sawn timber for the construction purposes. The research purpose is to develop a method for determining the size and shape of the core and sapwood zones of the tree trunk sections that have a natural curvature and grow vertically or with an inclination to the horizon; and what is more, to substantiate the connection between the shape and size of the tree trunk oval sections with the initial stresses developing during growth and the wood strength under tension, compression along the fibers and static bending.
Legionierių ligos diagnostika ir gydymas
Authors: Vagulienė Neringa , Vėbrienė Jolita
Published: November 2020

Lietuva nepriklauso šalims, kur paplitę Legionella genties sukėlėjai, tačiau užsikrėtimo atvejų daugėja, ypač dėl kelionių. Straipsnyje pateikiami duomenys apie bakterijų sukeliamą plaučių uždegimą, jo diagnostiką ir gydymą.
Dažnai sergantis vaikas - ar nesutrikęs jo imunitetas
Authors: Malickaitė Radvilė
Published: November 2020

Visus imunodeficitus jungiantis bruožas – padidėjęs imlumas infekcijoms. Daugeliu atvejų imunodeficitas būna įgytas, antrinis. Pirminis imunodeficitas (PID) yra imuninės sistemos ląstelių vystymosi, diferenciacijos ir brendimo sutrikimų pasekmė, jų dažnumas Europoje – 1,33 iš 10 tūkst. gyv.; šiuo metu aprašyta apie šimtas PID. Imuniniai defektai gali būti sąlyginai skirstomi pagal pažeistas funkcines imuninės sistemos dalis siejant su būdingais klinikiniais simptomais arba pagal juos lemiančius genų defektus. Antrinis imunodeficitas gali išryškėti po traumų, operacijų, esant nepakankamai mitybai, sergant piktybinėmis ligomis (pvz.: leukemija, limfoma, daugine mieloma, infekcinėmis ligomis, taip pat ir žmogaus imunodeficito virusu), dėl įvairių vaistų poveikio (pvz.: gydant chemoterapiniais preparatais, imunosupresoriais po organų persodinimo, steroidais arba nesteroidiniais vaistais nuo uždegimo, antibiotikais, po spindulinio gydymo, ypač galvos ir kaklo srityje.
Miego apnėjos gydymo principai
Authors: Miliauskas Skaidrius
Published: November 2020

Straipsnyje pateikiami duomenys apie miego apnėjos gydymą.
The pleasure of multiple images
Authors: Brielmann Aenne A. , Pelli Denis G.
Published: November 2020

How many pleasures can you track? In a previous study, we showed that people can simultaneously track the pleasure they experience from two images. Here, we push further, probing the individual and combined pleasures felt from seeing four images in one glimpse. Participants (N = 25) viewed 36 images spanning the entire range of pleasure. Each trial presented an array of four images, one in each quadrant of the screen, for 200 ms. On 80% of the trials, a central line cue pointed, randomly, at some screen corner either before (precue) or after (postcue) the images were shown. The cue indicated which image (the target) to rate while ignoring the others (distractors). On the other 20% of trials, an X cue requested a rating of the combined pleasure of all four images. Later, for baseline reference, we obtained a single-pleasure rating for each image shown alone. When precued, participants faithfully reported the pleasure of the target. When postcued, however, the mean ratings of images that are intensely pleasurable when seen alone (pleasure >4.5 on a 1–9 scale) dropped below baseline. Regardless of cue timing, the rating of the combined pleasure of four images was a linear transform of the average baseline pleasures of all four images. Thus, while people can faithfully track two pleasures, they cannot track four. Instead, the pleasure of otherwise above-medium-pleasure images is diminished, mimicking the effect of a distracting task.
Easy access to a carbohydrate-based template for stimuli-responsive surfactants
Authors: Holmstrøm Thomas , Raydan Daniel , Pedersen Christian Marcus
Published: November 2020

In this paper we describe the synthesis of a new carbohydrate-based building block functionalized with azido or amino groups on the 2 and 4 positions. The building block can be synthesized in anomerically pure form in only five scalable steps starting from commercially available levoglucosan. It was shown that the building block could undergo alkylations under strongly basic conditions. The building block with azido groups could furthermore take part in CuAAC reactions, generating derivatives with ester or carboxylic acid functionalities. In addition, the anomeric mixture of the building block was used for the synthesis of a molecule that could act as an emulsifier only in the presence of Zn2+ ions.