bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Untested and Uncooperative Pediatric Patient Undergoing a Dental Procedure Using a Negative Airflow Tent During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: A Case Report
Authors: Deng Taylor A. , Tsui Ban C. H.
Published: February 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic prompted the creation of novel techniques to protect patients and health care providers. Simulations showed that disposable oxygen face tents act as a physical barrier and can be repurposed as a negative airflow tent. This case study presents a pediatric patient requiring dental surgery, ineligible for preoperative testing for COVID-19 due to developmental delay and aggression. Precautionary measures were taken by means of full personal protective equipment (PPE) and negative airflow tent. The tent added additional protection and is a promising new technique that is disposable, widely available, and offers full access to proceduralists.
Anesthesiology Residency Training and the Anesthesia Toolbox: Five Years of Experience With a Collaboratively Developed Peer-Reviewed e-Learning System
Authors: Woodworth Glenn E. , Hoskins Zachary B. , Hoang Thomas T. , Marsh Benjamin , Infosino Andrew , Spofford Christina M. , Maniker Robert B.
Published: February 2021

The Internet is a source of professional self-education for medical students and residents. Unfortunately, much of the content discovered through search engines is of insufficient quality for professional education. The Anesthesia Toolbox (AT) was developed to provide online peer-reviewed educational resources for anesthesiology trainees and faculty. Since 2014, AT has developed 24 curricula, 822 content items, and 3238 quiz questions. As of March 2020, 64 anesthesiology residency programs in the United States subscribed to the AT (41% of total). Since the onset of the pandemic in March, AT has added 25 programs (28% increase) and gained 1156 users (26% increase).
Sugammadex Administration in Pregnant Women: A Case Series of Maternal and Fetal Outcomes
Authors: Singh Shubhangi , Klumpner Thomas T. , Pancaro Carlo , Rajala Baskar , Kountanis Joanna A.
Published: February 2021

Sugammadex, given its high affinity for amino-steroid neuromuscular blockers, offers rapid and reliable neuromuscular blockade reversal, making it a popular reversal agent. This characteristic can be very useful in pregnant women, where incomplete reversal can have poor maternal and fetal outcomes. However, its use antenatally in pregnancy is controversial given concerns for progesterone binding, a hormone that is crucial for maintenance of pregnancy. This case series presents obstetric and fetal outcomes in 25 pregnant women who received sugammadex during the antenatal period, thus highlighting the need for further research into the safety of sugammadex during pregnancy.
Moving Online? How to Effectively Deliver Virtual Fitness
Authors: Culos-Reed Nicole , Wurz Amanda , Dowd Justine , Capozzi Lauren
Published: February 2021

Apply It!

By reading this article, health and fitness professionals will gain knowledge, skills, and confidence to

• effectively deliver virtual fitness,

• incorporate evidence-informed behavior change strategies into virtual fitness, and

• optimize safety and client success online.
Undertaking consultations and clinical assessments at advanced level
Authors: Diamond-Fox Sadie
Published: February 2021

Once deemed the reserve of doctors, ‘the medical interview’ has since transitioned across professional boundaries and is now a key part of the advanced clinical practitioner (ACP) role. Much of the literature surrounding this topic focuses on a purely medical model; however, the ACPs' use of consultation and clinical assessment of complex patient caseloads with undifferentiated and undiagnosed diseases is now a regular feature in healthcare practice. This article explores how knowledge of the fundamental principles surrounding ACP–patient communications, along with the use of appropriate consultation frameworks and examination skills, can provide a deeper insight and enhance the existing skills of the ACP. A comprehensive guide to undertaking patient consultations, physical examination and diagnostic reasoning on a body systems basis is explored in future issues of this Advanced Clinical Practice series.
Signposts on the road to recovery
Authors: Foster Sam
Published: February 2021

Sam Foster, Chief Nurse, Oxford University Hospitals, reflects on ways in which nurse leaders can help their staff recover from the stresses of working during the COVID-19 pandemic
The impact of e-alerts on inpatient diagnosis and management of acute kidney injury
Authors: Spencer Sebastian , Dickson Fay , Sofroniadou Sofia , Naudeer Sarah , Bhandari Sunil , Hazara Adil M
Published: February 2021

Aims/Background

Electronic alerts can help with the early detection of acute kidney injury in hospitalised patients. Evidence for their role in improving patient care is limited. The authors have completed an audit loop to evaluate the impact of electronic alerts, and an associated acute kidney injury management pathway, on patient care.

Methods

The audits were conducted at a large tertiary care hospital in the UK. Case notes were reviewed for 99 patients over two periods: pre-alert (in 2013; n=55) and post-alert (in 2018; n=44), using the same methodology. Patients for case note reviews were randomly chosen from the list of acute kidney injury alerts generated by the local laboratory information management system.

Results

Recognition of acute kidney injury, as documented in the case notes, increased from 15% to 43% between the two periods. Time to first medical review (following electronic alerts) improved by 17 minutes (median 4 hours 4 minutes in 2013 vs 3 hours 47 minutes in 2018). Completion of pre-defined acute kidney injury assessment tasks (review of vital signs, biochemistry and acid–base parameters, evidence of fluid balance assessment, consideration of possible sepsis, and examination or requesting urinalysis) improved in 2018. However, acute kidney injury management tasks (correction of hypovolaemia, addressing or investigating obstruction, medications review, renal referral, requesting of further biochemical tests, addressing possible sepsis) showed very little or no improvement.

Conclusions

The introduction of acute kidney injury electronic alerts and management pathway resulted in improved recognition and initial assessment of patients with acute kidney injury. Further steps are needed to translate this in to improved patient management.
Rosacea
Authors: Searle Tamara , Al-Niaimi Firas , Ali Faisal R
Published: February 2021

Rosacea is a common cutaneous condition affecting predominantly the face. It is historically characterised into four subtypes: erythematotelangiectatic, papulopustular, phymatous and ocular rosacea. This article describes the pathophysiology, clinical features and current treatment options for rosacea, and discusses updated diagnostic criteria. General guidance is required on the need to avoid possible triggers including dietary and environmental triggers. The strongest evidence supports the use of 0.75% metronidazole, topical azelaic acid or topical ivermectin for inflammatory rosacea. Erythema should be treated with brimonidine tartrate gel, oral medication such as beta blockers or vascular laser and light-based therapy. Oral doxycycline 40 mg modified release can be used as monotherapy or in combination with other treatments for recalcitrant disease. Further understanding of the pathogenesis of rosacea could allow identification and targeted avoidance of triggers and the development of new treatment modalities.
Phytomolecules investigated for the prevention and treatment of urinary stones
Authors: El oumari Fatima Ezzahra , Bousta Dalila , Grafov Andriy , Sqalli Houssaini Tarik
Published: February 2021

Urolithiasis is a recurrent pathology manifested by the stone formation in the urinary system; it has long been treated in traditional medicine by plant remedies. Several studies have provided the efficacy of medicinal plants as well as their chemical compounds against stone formation. The present work aims to summarize the antiurolithiatic effect of phytochemicals, including quercetin, rutin, catechin, diosmin, and thymoquinone. In this context, various databases, including PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and google scholar, were searched using keywords like antiurolithiatic bioactive molecules and chemistry of phytomolecules.

The results confirmed that phytochemicals, including particularly flavonoid molecules, could be effective against lithogenesis via different strategies such as decreasing the binding between crystals and cells, decreasing the growth of crystals, and increasing magnesium level.  Nevertheless, more studies are required, such as determination of toxicity and clinical studies. This review may help researchers achieve more results about the mechanism and the side effects of phytochemicals administration.
Analytical solution of uncertainty with the GUM method for a dynamic stereo vision measurement system
Authors: Chen Xiaoyun , Lin Jiarui , Sun Yanbiao , Ma Huiyu , Zhu Jigui
Published: February 2021

Directed at the strong correlation among the input parameters and long measurement chain, which are difficult for uncertainty analysis with the guide of the expression of uncertainty in the measurement (GUM) method, a novel dynamic stereo vision measurement system based on the quaternion theory is presented to reduce the orthogonality restrictions of shafting manufacturing and application. According to the quaternion theory in the kinematic model of the cameras and the analytical solution of uncertainty with the GUM method, the complete, detailed, and continuous uncertainty results of the full-scale measurement space can be obtained. Firstly, one-dimensional turntables and rigid connections are utilized to form the motion cores and the automatic control carriers in the system. Secondly, the novel measurement model is used in the measurement process to shorten the calibration and measurement chains. Once the system based on the novel measurement model is set up, the analytical solution of uncertainty is utilized in the accuracy process. During the analysis process, the strong correlation among the extrinsic parameters is decoupled by introducing virtual circles and the measurement strategy with the GUM method. Through analyzing the relationship among the attitude angles, the major factors which influence the uncertainties in each axis and the final uncertainty are clarified. Moreover, the analytical continuous uncertainty maps for the uncertainties along each axis, combined standard uncertainty, and the expanded uncertainty are illustrated and the uncertainty variation tendency is declared. Finally, the analytical solution of uncertainty with the GUM method proposed in this paper predicts the uncertainty in the full-scale space and provides a new idea of the uncertainty analysis for the complicated combined measurement system.
The occurrence of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus infection in wild and captive Asian elephants in Thailand: Investigation based on viral DNA and host antibody
Authors: Prompiram Phirom , Wiriyarat Witthawat , Bhusri Benjaporn , Paungpin Weena , Jairak Waleemas , Sripiboon Supaphen , Wongtawan Tuempong
Published: February 2021

Background and Aim: Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV) is a serious disease, threatening the life of young elephants. Many elephants have been infected with no clinical signs and may serve as carriers spreading this disease. It is important to monitor the disease through clinical signs and molecular diagnosis. In this study we investigated the occurrence of EEHV and the efficiency of different techniques used to monitor EEHV infection in various samples and populations of Asian elephants.

Materials and Methods: Blood and trunk swabs were collected from live elephants, while visceral organs (lung, digestive tract, spleen, lymph nodes, and kidney) were collected from dead elephants. EEHV was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in whole blood, trunk swabs, and visceral organs as samples, while elephant anti-EEHV immunoglobulin G (IgG) in serum was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A total of 162 samples were analyzed in this study: 129 from healthy, 26 from dead, and 7 from sick elephants.

Results: The present study showed that the overall incidence of EEHV was 40.1% (n=65/162). Approximately 46.2% (n=12/26) and 85.7% (n=6/7) of dead and sick elephants were positive for EEHV by PCR, respectively. All sick elephants that were young and affected by EEHV clinical disease tested negative for the IgG antibody ELISA, suggesting primary EEHV infection in this group. In addition, 2.3% (n=3/129) of subclinical infections were detected using PCR, and trunk swab samples showed slightly higher sensitivity (5.3%, n=2/38) to detect EEHV than whole blood (1.2%, n=1/84). As many as, 48.4% (n=44/91) of healthy elephants were EEHV seropositive (ELISA-positive), suggesting that many elephants in Thailand had previously been infected. Overall, 30% of dead wild elephants had been infected with EEHV (n=3/10). Moreover, statistical analysis revealed no significant differences in the EEHV detection rate between different age groups or sexes (p>0.05).

Conclusion: PCR is better than ELISA to detect EEHV active infection in dead/sick elephants and to monitor EEHV in young elephants. ELISA is suitable for detecting previous EEHV infection and carriers, particularly adults. Theoretically, we could use both PCR and ELISA to increase the sensitivity of testing, along with observing abnormal behavior to efficiently monitor this disease. Identification of EEHV carriers within elephant populations is important to prevent transmission to healthy individuals, especially young elephants with high mortality from EEHV. This is the first report from Thailand regarding EEHV infection in wild elephants, showing the importance of preventing disease transmission between captive and wild elephants.
Previously Attempted Large Nonpedunculated Colorectal Polyps Are Effectively Managed by Endoscopic Mucosal Resection
Authors: Shahidi Neal , Vosko Sergei , Gupta Sunil , van Hattem W. Arnout , Sidhu Mayenaaz , Tate David J. , Williams Stephen J. , Lee Eric Y.T. , Burgess Nicholas , Bourke Michael J.
Published: February 2021

INTRODUCTION:

Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is an effective therapy for naive large nonpedunculated colorectal polyps (N-LNPCPs). The best approach for the treatment of previously attempted LNPCPs (PA-LNPCPs) is undetermined.

METHODS:

EMR performance for PA-LNPCPs was evaluated in a prospective observational cohort of LNPCPs ≥20 mm. Efficacy was measured by technical success (removal of all visible polypoid tissue during index EMR) and recurrence at first surveillance colonoscopy (SC1). Safety was assessed by clinically significant intraprocedural bleeding, deep mural injury types III–V, clinically significant post-EMR bleeding, and delayed perforation.

RESULTS:

From January 2012 to October 2019, 158 PA-LNPCPs and 1,134 N-LNPCPs underwent EMR. Median PA-LNPCP size was 30 mm (interquartile range 25–46 mm). Technical success was 93.0% and increased to 95.6% after adjusting for 2-stage EMR. Cold-forceps avulsion with adjuvant snare-tip soft coagulation (CAST) was required for nonlifting polypoid tissue in 73 (46.2%). Median time to SC1 was 6 months (interquartile range 5–7 months). Recurrence occurred in 9 (7.8%). No recurrence was identified among 65 PA-LNPCPs which underwent margin thermal ablation at SC1 vs 9 (18.0%; P < 0.001) which did not. There were significant differences in resection duration (35 vs 25 minutes; P < 0.001), technical success (93.0% vs 96.6%; P = 0.026), and use of CAST (46.2% vs 7.6%; P < 0.001), between PA-LNPCPs and N-LNPCPs. When adjusting for 2-stage EMR, no difference in technical success was identified (95.6% vs 97.8%; P = 0.100). No differences in adverse events or recurrence were identified.

DISCUSSION:

EMR, using auxillary techniques where necessary, can achieve high technical success and low recurrence frequencies for PA-LNPCPs.
The Time Is Now to Understand and Address Sex-Related Disparities in Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Authors: Shaukat Aasma , Oxentenko Amy S.
Published: February 2021

Many gastrointestinal disorders, autoimmune diseases, and pregnancy-related conditions preferentially impact women. This issue of The American Journal of Gastroenterology focuses on women's health in the context of gastrointestinal and liver disease. This editorial highlights the current issue's contents and seeks to spark the conversations to bring awareness to the many issues faced by women as both patients and practitioners.
Anticoagulation and Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt for the Management of Portal Vein Thrombosis in Cirrhosis: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Lv Yong , Bai Wei , Li Kai , Wang Zhengyu , Guo Wengang , Luo Bohan , Wang Jianhong , Wang Qiuhe , Wang Enxin , Xia Dongdong , Li Xiaomei , Yuan Jie , Han Na , Niu Jing , Yin Zhanxin , Fan Daiming , Han Guohong
Published: February 2021

INTRODUCTION:

Current guidelines recommend anticoagulation as the mainstay of portal vein thrombosis (PVT) treatment in cirrhosis. However, because of the heterogeneity of PVT, anticoagulation alone does not always achieve satisfactory results. This study aimed to prospectively evaluate an individualized management algorithm using a wait-and-see strategy (i.e., no treatment), anticoagulation, and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) to treat PVT in cirrhosis.

METHODS:

Between February 2014 and June 2018, 396 consecutive patients with cirrhosis with nonmalignant PVT were prospectively included in a tertiary care center, of which 48 patients (12.1%) were untreated, 63 patients (15.9%) underwent anticoagulation, 88 patients (22.2%) underwent TIPS, and 197 patients (49.8%) received TIPS plus post-TIPS anticoagulation. The decision of treatment option mainly depends on the stage of liver disease (symptomatic portal hypertension or not) and degree and extension of thrombus.

RESULTS:

During a median 31.7 months of follow-up period, 312 patients (81.3%) achieved partial (n = 25) or complete (n = 287) recanalization, with 9 (3.1%) having rethrombosis, 64 patients (16.2%) developed major bleeding (anticoagulation-related bleeding in 7 [1.8%]), 88 patients (22.2%) developed overt hepatic encephalopathy, and 100 patients (25.3%) died. In multivariate competing risk regression models, TIPS and anticoagulation were associated with a higher probability of recanalization. Long-term anticoagulation using enoxaparin or rivaroxaban rather than warfarin was associated with a decreased risk of rethrombosis and an improved survival, without increasing the risk of bleeding. However, the presence of complete superior mesenteric vein thrombosis was associated with a lower recanalization rate, increased risk of major bleeding, and poor prognosis.

DISCUSSION:

In patients with cirrhosis with PVT, the individualized treatment algorithm achieves a high-probability recanalization, with low rates of portal hypertensive complications and adverse events.
Predictors of Metachronous Risk Polyps After Index Colonoscopy
Authors: Carot Laura , Navarro Gemma , Naranjo-Hans Dolores , Iglesias-Coma Mar , Dalmases Alba , Fernández Lierni , Seoane Agustín , Buron Andrea , Bellosillo Beatriz , Bessa Xavier , Andreu Montserrat , Alvarez-Urturi Cristina
Published: February 2021

INTRODUCTION:

Guidelines for surveillance after polypectomy are lacking in strong evidence. Our aim was to identify some precursors of colorectal cancer lesions at 3 years after polypectomy to improve stratification and surveillance programs.

METHODS:

We included patients with high-risk lesions (HRLs), defined as advanced adenoma (AA), large serrated polyps (SPs), and multiplicity (≥3 of any adenomas/SPs). Data on age, sex, cardiovascular risk factors, pharmacological treatment, and the histological characteristics in each individual, and mutations in genes involved in the most advanced index polyp, were collected. Parameters independently associated with a metachronous HRL diagnosis were evaluated through univariate and multivariate analyses. The results are reported as odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals along with P values.

RESULTS:

A total of 537 cases (median age: 60.7 years; 66% male) were included. Dyslipidemia and smoking correlated with metachronous HRLs. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of multiplicity with ≥3 polyps on the index colonoscopy was significantly associated with metachronous HRL, AA, proximal AA, and ≥3 polyps at 3 years. In addition, independent predictors of metachronous proximal AA were increasing age, female sex, and the loss of expression of the MLH1 protein.

DISCUSSION:

Multiplicity was a strong predictor of HRLs at 3 years, although the inclusion of other clinical variables (age, sex, smoking status, and dyslipidemia) improves surveillance recommendations. Without these risk factors, the surveillance could be extended to 5 years; we propose examining the somatic expression of MHL1 in all patients.
NOTE ON THE PROBLEM OF MOTION OF VISCOUS FLUID AROUND A ROTATING AND TRANSLATING RIGID BODY
Authors: Deuring Paul , Kračmar Stanislav , Nečasová Šárka
Published: February 2021

We consider the linearized and nonlinear systems describing the motion of incompressible flow around a rotating and translating rigid body Ɗ in the exterior domain Ω = ℝ3 \ Ɗ, where Ɗ ⊂ ℝ3 is open and bounded, with Lipschitz boundary. We derive the L∞-estimates for the pressure and investigate the leading term for the velocity and its gradient. Moreover, we show that the velocity essentially behaves near the infinity as a constant times the first column of the fundamental solution of the Oseen system. Finally, we consider the Oseen problem in a bounded domain ΩR := BR ∩ Ω under certain artificial boundary conditions on the truncating boundary ∂BR, and then we compare this solution with the solution in the exterior domain Ω to get the truncation error estimate.
CELL-CENTERED LAGRANGIAN LAX-WENDROFF HLL HYBRID SCHEME ON UNSTRUCTURED MESHES
Authors: Fridrich David , Liska Richard , Tarant Ivan , Váchal Pavel , Wendroff Burton
Published: February 2021

We have recently introduced a new cell-centered Lax-Wendroff HLL hybrid scheme for Lagrangian hydrodynamics [Fridrich et al. J. Comp. Phys. 326 (2016) 878-892] with results presented only on logical rectangular quadrilateral meshes. In this study we present an improved version on unstructured meshes, including uniform triangular and hexagonal meshes and non-uniform triangular and polygonal meshes. The performance of the scheme is verified on Noh and Sedov problems and its second-order convergence is verified on a smooth expansion test.Finally the choice of the scalar parameter controlling the amount of added artificial dissipation is studied.
APPLICATION OF RULED SURFACES IN FREEFORM AND GEAR METROLOGY
Authors: Linkeová Ivana , Zelený Vít
Published: February 2021

An application of two ruled surfaces (i.e., surfaces generated by a motion of a straight line), a surface of hyperbolic paraboloid and a tangent surface of a cylindrical helix in freeform and gear metrology is introduced in this paper. Both surfaces have been implemented as the main functional figures in several artefacts – metrological calibration standards intended for testing the freeform capabilities of various measuring technologies (e.g., tactile point-to-point measurement and tactile scanning on coordinate measuring machine, optical scanning, computer tomography). Geometrical and mathematical properties of the surface used are summarised, CAD models of all the developed standards are presented and photos of the manufactured standards are shown.
NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF FLUID-STRUCTURE INTERACTION PROBLEMS WITH CONSIDERING OF CONTACTS
Authors: Sváček Petr
Published: February 2021

This paper is interested in the mathematical modelling of the voice production process. The main attention is on the possible closure of the glottis, which is included in the model with the concept of a fictitious porous media and using the Hertz impact force The time dependent computational domain is treated with the aid of the Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian method and the fluid motion is described by the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations coupled to structural dynamics. In order to overcome the instability caused by the dominating convection due to high Reynolds numbers, stabilization procedures are applied and numerically analyzed for a simplified problem. The possible distortion of the computational mesh is considered. Numerical results are shown.
Compilation of Commercial Property Price Indices for Germany Tailored for Policy Use
Authors: Knetsch Thomas A.
Published: February 2021

The compilation of commercial property price indices (CPPIs) is challenging. Policymakers urge for timely, reliable and comprehensive data. In Germany, lack of data prevents the calculation of official figures by the national statistical authority. Different applications of price indices need different definitions of commercial real estate. CPPIs according to these definitions are constructed on the basis of existing data for 127 German towns and cities (that cover about one-third of German population). The overall price developments revealed by the various indices are rather similar in terms of central time series characteristics, while differences in detail can be explained by their specific compositions. Price increases for all definitions have been strongest in the seven largest cities. The definitions tend to lead to more marked differences for medium-sized towns.
Do chronic low back pain subgroups derived from dynamic quantitative sensory testing exhibit differing multidimensional profiles?
Authors: Rabey Martin , Kendell Michelle , Koren Shani , Silva Isabela , Watts Lauren , Wong Chris , Slater Helen , Smith Anne , Beales Darren
Published: February 2021

Objectives

The relationship of pain sensitivity with pain and disability in low back pain (LBP) is complicated. It has been suggested increased understanding of dynamic quantitative sensory testing (QST) might be useful in increasing understanding of these relationships. This study aimed to create subgroups based on participant responses to dynamic QST, profile these subgroups based on multidimensional variables (including clinical measures of pain and disability, psychological and lifestyle variables and static QST), and investigate the association of subgroup membership with levels of pain intensity, LBP-related disability and disability risk at 12-month follow up.

Methods

Participants (n=273) with dominant axial chronic non-specific LBP with duration of pain >3 months were included in this study. At baseline, eligible participants completed a self-report questionnaire to collect demographic, clinical, psychological and lifestyle data prior to dynamic and static QST. Dynamic QST measures were conditioned pain modulation (CPM) and temporal summation (TS). At 12-months follow up, clinical data were collected, including pain intensity and LBP-related disability. Sub-groups were formed by cross-tabulation. Analysis was undertaken to profile dynamic QST subgroup on demographic, clinical, psychological, lifestyle and static QST measures. Associations between dynamic QST subgroups and follow-up clinical variables were examined.

Results

Based on dynamic QST, participants were allocated into four subgroups; normal CPM and normal TS (n=34, 12.5%); normal CPM and facilitated TS (n=6, 2.2%); impaired CPM and normal TS (n=186, 68.1%); impaired CPM and facilitated TS (n=47, 17.2%). At baseline no differences were demonstrated between subgroups across most clinical variables, or any psychological or lifestyle measures. The two subgroups with impaired CPM were more likely to have a higher number of painful body areas. Cold pain sensitivity was heightened in both the subgroups with facilitated TS. Subgroups did not differ across pain intensity, LBP-related disability and disability risk stratification at follow-up.

Conclusions

The profiles of people with axial LBP did not vary significantly across dynamic QST subgroups, save for those in groups with impaired CPM being more likely to have more widespread symptoms and those with facilitated TS having heightened cold pain sensitivity. Further, subgroup membership was not related to future pain and disability. The role of dynamic QST profiles in LBP remains unclear. Further work is required to understand the role of pain sensitivity in LBP. The utility of dynamic QST subgrouping might not be in determining of future disability. Future research might focus on treatment modifying effects of dynamic QST subgroups.
Use of Gloves to Examine Intermittent Palm Cooling's Impact on Rowing Ergometry
Authors: O'Brien Ian T. , Kozerski Amy E. , Gray William D. , Chen Ling , Vargas Liliana J. , McEnroe Charles B. , Vanhoover Alexandria C. , King Kristi M. , Pantalos George M. , Caruso John F.
Published: February 2021

O'Brien, IT, Kozerski, AE, Gray, WD, Chen, L, Vargas, LJ, McEnroe, CB, Vanhoover, AC, King, KM, Pantalos, GM, and Caruso, JF. Use of gloves to examine intermittent palm cooling's impact on rowing ergometry. J Strength Cond Res 35(4): 931–940, 2021—The aim of this study was to examine the use of gloves on intermittent palm cooling's impact on rowing ergometry workouts. Our methods had subjects (n = 34) complete 3 rowing ergometer workouts of up to 8 2-minute stages separated by 45- or 60-second rests. They were randomized to one of the following treatments per workout: no palm cooling (NoPC), intermittent palm cooling as they rowed (PCex), or intermittent palm cooling as they rowed and post-exercise (PCex&post). Palm cooling entailed intermittent cold (initial temperature: 8.1° C) application and totaled 10 (PCex) and 20 (PCex&post) minutes, respectively. Workouts began with 8 minutes of rest after which pre-exercise data were obtained, followed by a ten-minute warm-up and the workout, and 20 minutes of post-exercise recovery. Numerous physiological and performance variables were collected before, during, and after workouts, and each was analyzed with either a two- or three-way analysis of variance. Our results include, with a 0.05 alpha and a simple effects post hoc, the distance rowed analysis produced a significant workout effect with PCex, PCex&post > NoPC. There were also significant interworkout differences for heart rate (HR) (NoPC > PCex) and blood lactate concentration (NoPC > PCex, PCex&post). We conclude that lower HRs and blood lactate concentrations from intermittent cooling caused subjects to experience less fatigue during those workouts and enabled more work to be performed. Continued research should identify optimal cooling characteristics to expedite body heat removal. Practical applications suggest that intermittent palm cooling administered with gloves enhance performance by abating physiological markers of fatigue.
Rating of Perceived Exertion and Velocity Relationships Among Trained Males and Females in the Front Squat and Hexagonal Bar Deadlift
Authors: Odgers Johnathan B. , Zourdos Michael C. , Helms Eric R. , Candow Darren G. , Dahlstrom Barclay , Bruno Paul , Sousa Colby A.
Published: February 2021

Odgers, JB, Zourdos, MC, Helms, ER, Candow, DG, Dahlstrom, B, Bruno, P, and Sousa, CA. Rating of perceived exertion and velocity relationships among trained males and females in the front squat and hexagonal bar deadlift. J Strength Cond Res 35(2S): S23–S30, 2021—This study examined the accuracy of intraset rating of perceived exertion (RPE) to predict repetitions in reserve (RIR) during sets to failure at 80% of 1 repetition maximum (1RM) on the front squat and high-handle hexagonal bar deadlift (HHBD). Furthermore, the relationship between RPE and average concentric velocity (ACV) during the sets to failure was also determined. Fourteen males (29 ± 6 years, front squat relative 1RM: 1.78 ± 0.2 kg·kg−1, and HHBD relative 1RM: 3.0 ± 0.1 kg·kg−1) and 13 females (30 ± 5 years, front squat relative 1RM: 1.60 ± 0.2 kg·kg−1, and HHBD relative 1RM: 2.5 ± 0.3 kg·kg−1) visited the laboratory 3 times. The first visit tested 1RM on both exercises. During visits 2 and 3, which were performed in a counterbalanced order, subjects performed 4 sets to failure at 80% of 1RM for both exercises. During each set, subjects verbally indicated when they believed they were at “6” and “9” on the RIR-based RPE scale, and ACV was assessed during every repetition. The difference between the actual and predicted repetitions performed was recorded as the RPE difference (RPEDIFF). The RPEDIFF was significantly (p < 0.001) lower at the called 9 RPE versus the called 6 RPE in the front squat for males (9 RPE: 0.09 ± 0.19 versus 6 RPE: 0.71 ± 0.70) and females (9 RPE: 0.19 ± 0.36 versus 6 RPE: 0.86 ± 0.88) and in the HHBD for males (9 RPE: 0.25 ± 0.46 versus 6 RPE: 1.00 ± 1.12) and females (9 RPE: 0.21 ± 0.44 versus 6 RPE: 1.19 ± 1.16). Significant inverse relationships existed between RPE and ACV during both exercises (r = −0.98 to −1.00). These results indicate that well-trained males and females can gauge intraset RPE accurately during moderate repetition sets on the front squat and HHBD.
Repetitions in Reserve Is a Reliable Tool for Prescribing Resistance Training Load
Authors: Lovegrove Simon , Hughes Liam J. , Mansfield Sean K. , Read Paul J. , Price Phil , Patterson Stephen D.
Published: February 2021

Lovegrove, S, Hughes, L, Mansfield, S, Read, P, Price, P, and Patterson, SD. Repetitions in reserve is a reliable tool for prescribing resistance training load. J Strength Cond Res 36(10): 2696–2700, 2022—This study investigated the reliability of repetitions in reserve (RIR) as a method for prescribing resistance training load for the deadlift and bench press exercises. Fifteen novice trained men (age: 17.3 ± 0.9 years, height: 176.0 ± 8.8 cm, body mass: 71.3 ± 10.7 kg) were assessed for 1 repetition maximum (1RM) for deadlift (118.1 ± 27.3 kg) and bench press (58.2 ± 18.6 kg). Subsequently, they completed 3 identical sessions (one familiarization session and 2 testing sessions) comprising sets of 3, 5, and 8 repetitions. For each repetition scheme, the load was progressively increased in successive sets until subjects felt they reached 1-RIR at the end of the set. Test-retest reliability of load prescription between the 2 testing sessions was determined using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and coefficient of variation (CV). A 2-way analysis of variance with repeated measures was used for each exercise to assess differences in the load corresponding to 1-RIR within each repetition scheme. All test-retest comparisons demonstrated a high level of reliability (deadlift: ICC = 0.95–0.99, CV = 2.7–5.7% and bench press: ICC = 0.97–0.99, CV = 3.8–6.2%). Although there were no differences between time points, there was a difference for load corresponding to 1-RIR across the 3 repetition schemes (deadlift: 88.2, 84.3, and 79.2% 1RM; bench press: 93.0, 87.3, and 79.6% 1RM for the 3-, 5-, and 8-repetition sets, respectively). These results suggest that RIR is a reliable tool for load prescription in a young novice population. Furthermore, the between-repetition scheme differences highlight that practitioners can effectively manipulate load and volume (repetitions in a set) throughout a training program to target specific resistance training adaptations.
Validation of Internal and External Load Metrics in NCAA D1 Women's Beach Volleyball
Authors: Tometz Matthew J. , Jevas Stephanie A. , Esposito Philip M. , Annaccone Adam R.
Published: February 2021

Tometz, MJ, Jevas, SA, Esposito, PM, and Annaccone, AR. Validation of internal and external load metrics in NCAA D1 women's beach volleyball. J Strength Cond Res 36(8): 2223–2229, 2022—The purpose of this study was to determine the validity of internal and external load metrics in NCAA D1 women's beach volleyball. Subjects included 13 NCAA D1 women's beach volleyball players (age: 20.3 ± 1.4 years). A total of 578 data points were analyzed from 51 team training sessions, including practice, games, and sport-specific conditioning during the pre-season semester (15 weeks). Data points included Edward's training impulse (TRIMP) (228.0 ± 80.7 arbitrary units [AU]), session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) Load (532.5 ± 232.8 [AU]), distance covered (DC) in meters (2,635.4 ± 884.3 [m]), and daily environmental condition variables {(temperature (76.5 ± 13.7 [°F]), relative humidity (72.5 ± 13.2 [%]), and wet-bulb globe temperature (52.9 ± 19.9 [°F])}. The subjects wore Polar Team Pro heart rate monitors with global positioning system during each session. Subjects completed an sRPE questionnaire after every session. Pearson product moment correlations yielded statistically significant relationships (p < 0.01) between TRIMP and sRPE Load (r = 0.81), TRIMP and DC (r = 0.78), and sRPE Load and DC (r = 0.82). A forward selection multiple regression yielded that sRPE Load could predict TRIMP with the equation: TRIMPTometz = 78.735 + (sRPE Load * 0.28) (p < 0.001). These findings support sRPE Load as a valid alternative to TRIMP when monitoring internal loads in NCAA D1 women's beach volleyball. Session rating of perceived exertion Load may be more practical and accessible for teams. Distance covered should be considered when periodizing and monitoring training loads because of its relationship with internal loads.
Using High-Volume Warm-Ups to Improve Performance in Paralympic Throwers
Authors: Judge Lawrence W. , Brown Nate , Schoeff Makenzie A. , Bellar David M. , Craig Bruce W.
Published: February 2021

The chronic effects of the asymmetrical biomechanical demands placed on the body of Paralympic throwers stress the importance of proper preparation. The usage of high-volume preactivity warm-ups has generated a great deal of interest within the strength and conditioning community. However, it has not been used with Paralympic throwers. This column will examine the applicability of a high-volume preactivity warm-up for Paralympic track and field throwers.
Comparative analysis of aggression levels in left-handed and right-handed adolescents
Authors:   Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Nikolaeva Elena Ivanovna , Golovacheva Elizaveta Denisovna ,   Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia
Published: February 2021

Introduction. The study examines the problem of aggression in education. Previous studies have discussed a number of reasons for school aggression. Left-handedness is frequently reported as an important risk factor of aggressive behaviours. The aim of this study is to compare the levels of aggressiveness between right-handed and left-handed adolescents. Materials and Methods. To date there has been little agreement on the assessment of handedness in scholarly literature. The authors of this article have divided the inventories aimed at assessing handedness into two groups: those identifying genetic predisposition, and those that assess the influence of social pressure. The study was conducted in St. Petersburg and involved 86 secondary school students aged between 11 and 15 years. Handedness was assessed using 7 tools frequently mentioned in scholarly literature. To assess the aggressiveness, the authors used Ch.D. Spielberger’s questionnaire (STAXI) adapted by A.B. Leonova. Results. It was found that the use of different inventory sets for assessing handedness significantly changes the distribution of adolescents according to this parameter. Tools which do not take into account social pressure identify significantly more left-handed people than those that depend on social pressure. The study has not identified significant differences between right-handed and left-handed adolescents in terms of the level of aggressiveness. At the same time, it was revealed that aggressiveness directed outward is higher in supposedly retrained left-handers. Conclusions. The study has not shown any significant differences in the level of aggressiveness between left-handed and right-handed adolescents. Future research should concentrate on the investigation of aggressiveness in retrained heft-handed adolescents.
Value and activity-based orientations of university students: The choice between safety and innovativeness
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Atamanova Inna Victorovna , Bogomaz Sergey Aleksandrovich ,   Tomsk State University
Published: February 2021

Introduction. The study addresses the issues of value and activity-based orientations in order to understand and explore personal and professional development processes in in the current higher education context with the main focus on innovativeness. The study aims to reveal the specifics of the relationship between value and activity-based orientations of university students in terms of their choice between safety and innovativeness. Materials and Methods. The research methodology involves questionnaires grouped according to three research vectors: 1) university students’ cultural value orientations (R. Inglehart’s Survey) and individual value preferences (Schwartz Value Survey); 2) activity-based orientations (psychological characteristics of activity) were evaluated using the authors’ scale of personal readiness for activity based on E. Y. Mandrikova, D. A. Leontiev and E. N. Osin, E. Diener’s questionnaires; c) to evaluate university students’ innovative orientations, N. M. Lebedeva and A. N. Tatarko’s technique was applied. The study was conducted in Tomsk universities and involved 260 students. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and regression analysis. Results. The factor and regression analyses revealed that choosing the ‘innovativeness vector’ by university students in the context of their personal and professional development is determined by personal qualities associated with innovativeness: creativity, risk for success and orientation to the future. Choosing the ‘safety vector’ is more inherent in modern university students and is determined by the degree of their adherence to traditional values and by their personal readiness for activity, the core of which is purposefulness and consistency in achieving the life goals. Conclusions. The results obtained indicate the necessity for developing appropriate programmes of psychological support for university students in their personal and professional development processes in order to involve them in research, innovative and entrepreneurial activities.
Motivational and value constructs of personal self-organization in the semantic space of education
Authors:   Sevastopol State University, Dyakov Sergey Ivanovich
Published: February 2021

Introduction. This psychological research addresses the problem of motivational-value self-organization of teachers and students in education. The purpose of the article is to determine the features of motivational and value self-organization of teachers and students in the post-Soviet educational environment. Materials and Methods. The research was conducted from 2002 to 2020 on the basis of higher education institutions and secondary schools in Ukraine (Donbass, the Nikolaev Region) and the Crimea. The sample consisted of 2128 people including students doing degrees in the fields of Humanities, Law, Economics, and Engineering; secondary school teachers and students; academic staff of higher education institutions. The study has investigated the constructs of motivational-value self-organization of teachers and students in terms of meaning of life orientations. The author developed and used ‘motivational-value self-organization inventory’ in order to disclose levels and types of personal values as well as factors determining personal life goals. Results. The main research findings are that (1) ‘Individual pragmatic type’ of motivational-value self-organization predominates among value orientations of teachers and students (education, work, happiness in private life, housing and material well-being, health, etc.); (2) teachers and students are not focused on social (public achievements and problems), cultural (existence and civilization) or moral values. (3) Students are more optimistic about self-fulfillment and more internal in clarifying their life goals. Conclusions. The article concludes that motivational-value self-organization being a personal quality is developed within the sociocultural environment (educational semantic space) which determines personal identity.
On the image of higher education in the post-Covid world: Formation and development of the new type of thinking
Authors:   International Information Technology University, Begalinov Alibek Serikbekovich , Ashilova Madina Serikbekovna ,   Abylai Khan Kazakh University of International Relations and Foreign Languages, Begalinova Kalimash Kapsamarovna ,   Al Farabi Kazakh National University
Published: February 2021

Introduction. The article presents a study of the significant problems of higher education in the post-Covid world and the urgent need to transform education in accordance with the requirements of digitalization. The purpose of the article is to describe the image of modern higher education in the post-Covid world, which presupposes the formation and development of the new type of thinking. Materials and Methods. Analysis of higher education in the post-Covid world involves the use of a number of general philosophical principles and research methods, such as comparison, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, analogy, dialectical, systemic, structural-functional methods, as well as value-semantic, competence-based and other approaches, including the global cultural concepts of B. Holmberg, S. Jarmon and others, which make it possible to construct the image of modern higher education in the post-Covid world. To achieve the goal, the authors have reviewed a number of international and Russian studies on the problems of digitalization of education. Results. The authors clarify the role and place of higher education in the context of the coronavirus pandemic, which spread widely around the world in early 2020, and has had a serious impact on the education sector. It has led to almost complete paralysis of schools, colleges and universities. The process, which, only at first glance, seems to be temporary, in fact causes serious fears of deep socio-economic consequences and a new round of the world educational crisis. The COVID-19 pandemic has shaken the very foundations of education: its ability to exist. It seems that today it is important not only to rethink the problems of new digital, online and pedagogical possibilities of modern education, but also the very essence of education, its main goals and new mission. Reviewing recent research literature enables the authors to conclude that the education that was before the pandemic will never exist. The new type of education is being formed. Its nature, image, foundations, values and meaning depend on the efforts of modern researchers and teachers. This article has summarized the main trends in the field of education in the post-Covid world. Conclusions. The article concludes that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the development of the higher education system and highlights the need for its radical modernization. The authors emphasize that in the post-Covid world higher education will radically change its nature, content and forms. At the same time, it is necessary to adhere to a flexible synthesis in the development of innovative and traditional educational technologies and methods.