bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reliability and validity of the Netherlands Triage Standard in emergency care settings: a case scenario study
Authors: Smits Marleen , Plat Erik , Alink Elleke , de Vries Marieke , Apotheker Maartje , van Overdijk Stef , Giesen Paul
Published: February 2022

Background

The Netherlands Triage Standard (NTS) is a triage system that can be used by different types of emergency care organisations. Our objective was to determine the interrater reliability and construct validity of the NTS when applied to self-presenting patients.

Methods

We performed a cross-sectional case scenario study consisting of two parts: (1) paediatric triage in January-February 2019 and (2) adult triage in October-November 2020. In each part, we invited nurse triagists from three general practitioner cooperatives, three ambulance dispatching centres and three hospital emergency departments in the Netherlands to participate. We used 40 case scenarios involving paediatric patients and 41 involving adult patients who could self-present to any emergency care organisation. In advance, an expert panel determined the urgency (six levels) of the case scenarios (reference standard). The main outcome for reliability was the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for urgency level. The main outcomes for validity were degree of agreement with the reference standard, for urgency level, and sensitivity and specificity for high versus low urgency. We used descriptive statistics and logistic multilevel modelling with both case and triagist as random effects.

Results

218 out of 240 invited triagists participated. The ICC among all triagists was 0.73 for paediatric cases and 0.88 for adult cases and was highest in general practitioner cooperatives. For paediatric cases, there was 62.3% agreement with the reference standard about urgency, 17.4% underestimation and 20.2% overestimation. The sensitivity of the NTS for identifying highly urgent paediatric cases was 85.2%; the specificity was 89.7%. For adult cases, there was 68.3% agreement, 13.7% underestimation and 18.0% overestimation. The sensitivity of triage for high urgency in adults was 94.5% and the specificity 83.3%.

Conclusion

NTS appears to have good reliability and construct validity for estimating the urgency of health complaints of non-referred patients presenting themselves in emergency care.
CAIDE dementia risk score relates to severity and progression of cerebral small vessel disease in healthy midlife adults: the PREVENT-Dementia study
Authors: Low Audrey , Prats-Sedano Maria A , Stefaniak James D , McKiernan Elizabeth Frances , Carter Stephen F , Douvani Maria-Eleni , Mak Elijah , Su Li , Stupart Olivia , Muniz Graciela , Ritchie Karen , Ritchie Craig W , Markus Hugh S , O'Brien John Tiernan
Published: February 2022

Background

Markers of cerebrovascular disease are common in dementia, and may be present before dementia onset. However, their clinical relevance in midlife adults at risk of future dementia remains unclear. We investigated whether the Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Ageing and Dementia (CAIDE) risk score was associated with markers of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), and if it predicted future progression of SVD. We also determined its relationship to systemic inflammation, which has been additionally implicated in dementia and SVD.

Methods

Cognitively healthy midlife participants were assessed at baseline (n=185) and 2-year follow-up (n=158). To assess SVD, we quantified white matter hyperintensities (WMH), enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS), microbleeds and lacunes. We derived composite scores of SVD burden, and subtypes of hypertensive arteriopathy and cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Inflammation was quantified using serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen.

Results

At baseline, higher CAIDE scores were associated with all markers of SVD and inflammation. Longitudinally, CAIDE scores predicted greater total (p<0.001), periventricular (p<0.001) and deep (p=0.012) WMH progression, and increased CRP (p=0.017). Assessment of individual CAIDE components suggested that markers were driven by different risk factors (WMH/EPVS: age/hypertension, lacunes/deep microbleeds: hypertension/obesity). Interaction analyses demonstrated that higher CAIDE scores amplified the effect of age on SVD, and the effect of WMH on poorer memory.

Conclusion

Higher CAIDE scores, indicating greater risk of dementia, predicts future progression of both WMH and systemic inflammation. Findings highlight the CAIDE score’s potential as both a prognostic and predictive marker in the context of cerebrovascular disease, identifying at-risk individuals who might benefit most from managing modifiable risk.
Interaction of elevation and climate change on fire weather risk
Authors: Spittlehouse David L. , Dymond Caren C.
Published: February 2022

Most wildfire studies are regional to global in scale; however, many of the values of interest and the weather are local phenomena that may give rise to large spatial variability in risk. We assessed the interaction of elevation and climate on fire weather for the Penticton Creek watershed in southwestern Canada for historic weather, and five climate change scenarios. Daily temperature and precipitation records spanning 100 years were generated using the LARS-WG5 weather generator and were used to calculate the fire weather indices of the Canadian Forest Fire Danger Rating System. Fire season length, restricted activity season, and fire season severity are all projected to increase by the 2050s and in some scenarios to increase further by the 2080s. Low and mid-elevations had substantially worsening risks, whereas at the highest elevations, risks were mitigated by the continuation of the snowpack. Increasing temperatures lengthened the fire season while decreasing (increasing) precipitation exacerbated (ameliorated) the intensity of the fire risk. These results indicate more variable climate change effects than in the literature. Over 24 million km2globally of forestland have a similar or higher degree of slope, highlighting the need for detailed topographic integration in fire studies to meet the needs of local planners.
Litter quality mediated the effect of nitrogen addition and precipitation reduction on the release and immobilization of plant litter nitrogen and phosphorus
Authors: Yan Guoyong , Han Shijie , Liu Guancheng , Xing Yajuan , Wang Qinggui
Published: February 2022

A long-term field litterbag manipulation experiment was conducted to examine the effects of reduced precipitation (−30% of through-fall), nitrogen (N) addition (50 kg N·ha−1·yr−1), and their combination (−30% of through-fall and 50 kg N·ha−1·yr−1) on the release and immobilization of N and phosphorus (P) in four litter types (Pinus koraiensis (PK), Tilia amurensis (TA), Quercus mongolica (QM), and their mixture (MIX)). The results showed that N addition did not significantly stimulate litter decomposition, whereas precipitation reduction and the interaction significantly inhibited litter decomposition. N immobilization was significantly enhanced by N addition and reduced precipitation in the PK, QM, and MIX litters but was significantly inhibited in the TA litter. N addition, reduced precipitation, and their combination significantly increased the final P concentration of the litter in each sampling period. Furthermore, interestingly, there was a significant exponential correlation between the remaining N and final P concentration in the PK litter and a significant linear correlation for the QM and MIX litters, but no significant correlation for the TA litter, indicating that the dynamic relationship between the remaining N and final P concentration in the litter depended on the litter type. These results suggest that the forest litter layer may alleviate the effects of N deposition by increasing litter N immobilization and aggravating soil P limitation by inhibiting litter P release following N deposition. Reduced precipitation may further affect biogeochemical cycles by inhibiting the release of litter N and P.
The refractive index of the relic gravitons and the nHz band
Authors: Giovannini Massimo
Published: February 2022

If the refractive index of the relic gravitons increases during a conventional stage of inflationary evolution the spectral energy density is blue at intermediate frequencies above the fHz and then flattens out after a knee that is typically smaller than the mHz. We investigate here the conditions leading to a sufficiently large spectral energy density in the nHz range where some peculiar signatures observed with the pulsar timing arrays have been recently attributed to cosmic gravitons. If these potential evidences are combined with the most recent bounds provided by wide-band interferometers in the audio range (i.e. between few Hz and the kHz) the allowed regions of the parameter space are compatible with both determinations and also with all the other constraints associated with the background of relic gravitons produced during inflation. The present analysis suggests that the pulsar timing arrays are sensitive to the evolution of the refractive index during early stages of the inflationary evolution. This physical interpretation of the preliminary empirical evidence is distinguishable from other perspectives since the high-frequency normalization, the blue spectral index and the tensor to scalar ratio cannot be independently assigned but are all related to the frequency of the knee that is ultimately determined by the competition between the rate of evolution of the refractive index and the slow-roll corrections.
Probing the axion–nucleon coupling with the next generation of axion helioscopes
Authors: Di Luzio Luca , Galan Javier , Giannotti Maurizio , Irastorza Igor G. , Jaeckel Joerg , Lindner Axel , Ruz Jaime , Schneekloth Uwe , Sohl Lukas , Thormaehlen Lennert J. , Vogel Julia K.
Published: February 2022

A finite axion–nucleon coupling, nearly unavoidable for QCD axions, leads to the production of axions via the thermal excitation and subsequent de-excitation of $$^{57}$$

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Fe isotopes in the sun. We revise the solar bound on this flux adopting the up to date emission rate, and investigate the sensitivity of the proposed International Axion Observatory IAXO and its intermediate stage BabyIAXO to detect these axions. We compare different realistic experimental options and discuss the model dependence of the signal. Already BabyIAXO has sensitivity far beyond previous solar axion searches via the nucleon coupling and IAXO can improve on this by more than an order of magnitude.
Punzi-loss:
Authors: Abudinén F. , Bertemes M. , Bilokin S. , Campajola M. , Casarosa G. , Cunliffe S. , Corona L. , De Nuccio M. , De Pietro G. , Dey S. , Eliachevitch M. , Feichtinger P. , Ferber T. , Gemmler J. , Goldenzweig P. , Gottmann A. , Graziani E. , Haigh H. , Hohmann M. , Humair T. , Inguglia G. , Kahn J. , Keck T. , Komarov I. , Krohn J.-F. , Kuhr T. , Lacaprara S. , Lieret K. , Maiti R. , Martini A. , Meier F. , Metzner F. , Milesi M. , Park S.-H. , Prim M. , Pulvermacher C. , Ritter M. , Sato Y. , Schwanda C. , Sutcliffe W. , Tamponi U. , Tenchini F. , Urquijo P. , Zani L. , Žlebčík R. , Zupanc A.
Published: February 2022

We present the novel implementation of a non-differentiable metric approximation and a corresponding loss-scheduling aimed at the search for new particles of unknown mass in high energy physics experiments. We call the loss-scheduling, based on the minimisation of a figure-of-merit related function typical of particle physics, a Punzi-loss function, and the neural network that utilises this loss function a Punzi-net. We show that the Punzi-net outperforms standard multivariate analysis techniques and generalises well to mass hypotheses for which it was not trained. This is achieved by training a single classifier that provides a coherent and optimal classification of all signal hypotheses over the whole search space. Our result constitutes a complementary approach to fully differentiable analyses in particle physics. We implemented this work using PyTorch and provide users full access to a public repository containing all the codes and a training example.
Emission distribution for the quantas of Maxwell–Chern–Simons gauge field coupled to external current
Authors: Kar Tiyasa
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we have investigated the nature of emission distribution of the Maxwell–Chern–Simons (MCS) theory in [Formula: see text] dimensions. The distribution of the topologically massive quanta seems to be Poissionian in nature just like the Maxwell field theory in [Formula: see text] dimensions but with a condition, without which the distribution takes an indeterminate form when we make the coupling term approach 0.
Local Bearing Capacity of Concrete Under the Interaction of Headed Bars
Authors: Miao Tianming , Zheng Wenzhong , Wang Ying , Zhou Ying
Published: February 2022

The application of reinforcement with headed bars is widely used in the construction industry. Moreover, when the net distance between headed bars is close, the concrete areas for distributing bearing under the headed bars will overlap with each other. The local bearing capacity of concrete will also be affected by the overlapping area. To evaluate the effect of the overlapping area on the local bearing capacity of concrete, the experimental study was conducted on 6 concrete pull-out specimens. Based on the pull-out test, the parameter that net distance between headed bars was researched. The failure modes of specimens can be divided into two types. The first failure mode was marked by the formation of the dovetail slot structure during the failure process, and the second failure mode was characterized by the formation of through cracks in the cross section of specimens. The pull-out test results show that the local bearing capacity of concrete decreases firstly with the increase of net distance and then increases with the increase of net distance. Therefore, the relationship between the ratio of net distance to the side length of headed bars and the percentage decrease value of the local bearing capacity were given for the two segments. In addition, the critical value of the two segments was also analyzed and the corresponding formulas were also proposed. In order to verify the accuracy of formulas for the two segments, the test data from the similar pull-out tests with two or three headed bars were collected. And the calculation was recalculated according to the method proposed in this paper. Based on the ratio of the test data to the calculated values, the average value, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation are 1.08, 0.12, and 0.11 for the descending segment, respectively. And the values are 1.21, 0.22, and 0.18 for the rising segment, respectively. It is proved that there is a high accuracy for the formulas and the calculation method for the local bearing capacity of concrete under the interaction of headed bars was established.
The Effect of Stern Layer Thickness on the Diffuse Capacitance for Size Asymmetric Electrolyte inside the Charged Spherical Cavities by Density Functional Theory
Authors: Keshavarzi Ezat , Abareghi Mahsa
Published: February 2022

The Modified Fundamental Measure Theory was used within the Primitive Model to determine Stern layer thickness in charged spherical cavity. The different behaviors for mean electric potential in Stern region with those one in the diffuse region was considered as the best criteria to determine this thickness. Depending on concentration, ion charge and size, and cavity charge the cations or anions may be found at the closest distance from the cavity’s wall, which lead two values for Stern thickness. In the present case study in which anions are assumed to be larger than cations, at zero or low positive values of cavity surface charge, the cations are found at the cavity wall, although the anion’s contact density is larger. But, by increasing the surface charge to a specific level, the cations are repelled away from the wall so that Stern thickness increases and becomes equal to anion radius. It is shown that this specific surface charge decreases not only with anion size, concentration and cation charge but also with rising cavity curvature. Also, we studied that how the diffuse capacitance for size-asymmetric electrolytes is affected by variation in Stern layer thickness.
Interplay of Electrode Heterogeneity and Lithium Plating
Authors: Hamedi Amir-Sina , Pouraghajan Fezzeh , Sun Fei , Nikpour Mojdeh , Wheeler Dean R.
Published: February 2022

Lateral microstructure heterogeneity in anodes is known to induce nonuniform current density, state of charge, and lithium plating. This means that such electrode heterogeneity can limit the fast charging of lithium-ion batteries. In this work, a combination of experiments and simulation is employed to understand the effect of mm scale lateral heterogeneity on cell aging. A previously developed model was extended to efficiently simulate SEI formation and Li plating for independent regions of an electrode. The model consists of three parallel regions each described under a P2D framework and with a distinct ionic resistance and possibly active material loading. The results suggest that during fast charge when the active material is uniformly distributed across the three regions, the region with the highest resistance reaches the end of life sooner than the other regions. There is also positive feedback from Li metal filling the pores near the separator interface that further accelerates lithium plating. Finally, when there is a non-uniform active material distribution associated with the ionic resistance heterogeneity, tight competition between regions can occur, leading to less overall lithium plating and plating that is more uniform between regions.
The Electrodeposition Division: Full of Surprises
Authors: Dukovic John O.
Published: February 2022

It is fascinating that an atom, at the mere offer of an electron or two, will surrender its freedom of motion in a liquid phase and “settle down” with like-minded atoms into a densely populated and utterly rigid community. Such atoms are clearly crazy. The people who study them may be crazy too, but, fortunately, there is a long-standing, well-established support group for such people: the ECS Electrodeposition Division.
Renal Artery Thrombectomy Causing Functional and Symptomatic Recovery after 50-Hour Delay in Reperfusion of Acute Main Renal Artery Thrombosis
Authors: Kang Kevin Singh , Wilson John Steven
Published: February 2022

Acute renal artery thrombosis is rare and even rarer in the thrombus occluding the main renal artery and compromising the entire kidney. We report on a 46-year-old female smoker with no past medical history and no hypercoagulability who developed sudden severe left flank pain, hematuria, acute renal failure, and severe hypertension. A CT angiogram showed totally occluded renal artery at the ostium with a thrombus and severely hypoperfused left kidney with multiple infarcts. Initial course of treatment was with intravenous heparin but with no improvement after 50 hours since symptom onset; angiography was done. This revealed totally occluded renal artery at ostium with no vessels or kidney blush seen. After aspiration thrombectomy, blush was seen in kidney parenchyma along with flow in the arcuate renal arteries although with some distal embolic events. The ostial lesion was treated with a drug eluting stent with excellent result angiographically. However, 8 months later, severe restenosis occurred. This time, the patient did not flank pain or renal failure but had progressive hypertension. The patient was treated this time with rheolytic thrombectomy followed by intravascular ultrasound-guided drug-eluting stenting. The patient has been followed for a year and a half since and recent CT scan revealed widely patent renal arteries bilaterally with normal kidney function, BP, and good perfusion to the left kidney with only tiny areas of infarct. Ultrasound of the kidneys also showed the size of the left kidney as within normal range now, and she has good distal flow velocities in the branch renal arteries. Our case report shows that even delayed reperfusion of complete renal artery occlusion with jeopardized arterial flow to the entire kidney could result in restoration of function to most of the kidney.
Study on the Hierarchical Structure of the “Belt and Road” Aviation Network Based on K‐Core Analysis
Authors: Yao Hongguang , Xiao Huihui , Wei Wei
Published: February 2022

Since the “Belt and Road” Initiative, air transport has become the second largest mode of transport after ocean shipping and has contributed more and more to international trade between the countries. To explore the hierarchical characteristics of the aviation network of the “Belt and Road,” analyze the relationship between levels, and identify the core layer of the network, k‐core analysis based on the “degree” value was designed and performed; the data of airports and air routes were collected to construct the “Belt and Road” aviation network model; then, k‐core decomposition was conducted to reduce the size of nodes layer by layer from the outside to the inside, and a network structure model with 19 levels was obtained; the relationship between the coreness and centrality of nodes in the network was investigated, and the changes in the attribute of networks at different levels and the connection between networks were explored; according to the structural characteristics of the network, the “Belt and Road” aviation network was divided into three categories: the core layer, the middle layer, and the detail layer. The results showed that the highest‐level network obtained by k‐core decomposition was used as the core layer of the “Belt and Road” aviation network, including 53 airports in 37 countries, all of which have high degree centrality and eigenvector centrality; the core layer network exhibits strong “small world” characteristics; there is little difference between the degree values of nodes, and the network has high stability. The status of China’s airports in the core layer network is not prominent; the four regional sectors such as East Asia, Southeast Asia, Central Asia, and the Middle East are closely connected regarding air transport. Europe is relatively weakly connected with three sectors: East Asia, Southeast Asia, and Central Asia; geographical factors are still the dominant factors determining the status of hub airports along the “Belt and Road.”
Design and Optimized Application of Online Financial Management System Based on Internet of Things
Authors: Li Jia
Published: February 2022

With the rapid development of science and technology, the requirements for the use of financial management systems required by users are also constantly improving; therefore, the financial management system is updated rapidly, and a single financial management mode can no longer meet the needs of users’ development. Designing a management system integrating business and finance can effectively maintain the stability of user’s (enterprises) development. Besides, all aspects of the designed system should be carefully divided and upgraded to adapt to the complex internal operation mode of some enterprise users. This article is mainly based on the use of Internet of Things technology to design a more optimized online financial management system so that its users can have more convenient and accurate access to or processing of certain information. This is to build an online financial management system based on the blockchain technology of the Internet of Things, complex network information transmission detection technology, and multiplexed information transmission technology and to expand the application scope of its functions by building databases, financial information systems, and financial analysis systems. By comparing and analyzing the system constructed in this article with the system proposed by Zhang Yuzhuo earlier, which is suitable for the strategic integration development of his enterprise, we can find that this system has advantages in reliability, simultaneity, and delay, that is, data transmission efficiency. This shows that the online financial management system designed in this paper can be carried out normally in actual activities and has certain advantages.
Technical Efficiency of Ginger Production in Ilam District of Nepal: A Stochastic Production Frontier Approach
Authors: Khatiwada Dikshya , Yadav Pappu
Published: February 2022

This study measured the level of technical efficiency among smallholder ginger growers and examined the determinants of inefficiency by employing the stochastic frontier production function. The paper used a simple random sampling technique to interview 100 ginger farmers in Ilam, a leading ginger-producing district in Nepal, with the help of a pretested interview schedule. The STATA.13 software was used to obtain both stochastic frontier estimates and the determinants of technical inefficiency. The results revealed that the average farm-level technical efficiency is 67.8% which shows the scope of increasing the technical efficiency by 32.2%. The coefficients of seed and farmyard manure were positive and showed significant relation to ginger output at a 1% and 5% level of significance, respectively. Education level, training, and membership in cooperatives had a negative and significant impact on technical inefficiency, whereas areas under ginger production had a positive impact on technical inefficiency. Hence, improving the technical knowledge of farmers through training on optimum input use complemented with motivation to join agriculture cooperatives and farmer’s associations may increase the technical efficiency of ginger growers in the study area.
Research on the Immersive Classroom Teaching Mode of Colleges and Universities Based on Virtual Reality
Authors: Hu Chuili , Li Jianxin
Published: February 2022

In order to improve the teaching effect of colleges and universities and eliminate the disadvantage Figures of the traditional teaching mode, this paper applies virtual reality technology to the immersive teaching mode of colleges and universities and uses four-dimensional light field parameterization to describe the acquisition process and reproduction process of integrated imaging. Moreover, this paper studies the propagation characteristics of the light field during the reproduction of the integrated imaging system and establishes an evaluation method for the 3D scene reproduction capability of the integrated imaging system using light field parameters. In addition, this paper analyzes the problem of parameter matching between the acquisition end and the display end in the current integrated imaging system and does a detailed study on the method of light field conversion and gives the interpolation method of the light field image. Finally, this paper constructs an immersive teaching system for colleges and universities based on virtual reality and verifies the performance of the system through experimental research. From the experimental research results, it can be seen that the immersive classroom teaching model in colleges and universities based on virtual reality proposed in this paper has good teaching effects.
Classroom Visualization Based on the Relationship between User Roles and Scene Content
Authors: Li Yingzhi , Yu Di , Yu Kan , Chen Xi
Published: February 2022

With the increasing complexity of the internal structure of university classrooms and the increasing amount of time humans spend indoors, indoor classroom scenes have become an important part of people’s daily lives. Compared with open outdoor space, indoor environments are more complex in terms of 3D models, spatial layouts, feature types, and connectivity relationships, especially for large indoor buildings that often contain a large amount of information. This paper introduces the development tools and common rendering techniques of Unity3D game engine, explores the visualization model of a single object, designs a regional comparison algorithm to calculate the visualization intensity, and establishes a 3D visualization intensity mapping table. The classroom is equipped with visualization effect, which makes students get comfortable and at ease in classroom learning, and the comfort level of this paper’s solution is improved by 8% compared with other IoT-based solutions.
Meta‐Analysis of the Efficacy and Safety of Alendronate Combined with Atorvastatin in the Treatment of Osteoporosis in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Xiong Zhencheng , Yi Ping , Tang Xiangsheng , Shu Li , Zhang Chi
Published: February 2022

Objective. Diabetes is a chronic disease caused by defective insulin secretion in the body, resulting in metabolic abnormalities with persistent blood glucose elevation. Osteoporosis is the most common diabetes complication. The aim of this study was to perform a meta‐analysis of the effects of alendronate combined with atorvastatin compared with alendronate alone in the treatment of osteoporosis in diabetes mellitus. Methods. Two researchers independently used PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, Wanfang Data, CNKI, and VIP databases to search for all relevant studies that met the inclusion criteria and used RevMan 5.3 and STATA 16.0 for data analysis. Results. Fourteen studies that met the inclusion criteria were selected, including 1456 patients. Among the data extracted in this meta‐analysis, bone mineral density (BMD) was the primary outcome measurement, while total effective rate, VAS, osteoprotegerin (OPG), bone Gla protein (BGP), bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), blood P and Ca, and adverse effects were secondary outcome measurements. Our results showed that alendronate combined with atorvastatin is more effective than alendronate alone, with higher BMD, OPG, BGP, and BAP, more significant pain relief, and fewer adverse events. Conclusion. The results of this meta‐analysis indicate that alendronate combined with atorvastatin is a better treatment for osteoporosis in diabetes mellitus, showing more effective and higher BMD and fewer adverse events than alendronate alone.
Bearing Fault Diagnosis Method Based on Multidomain Heterogeneous Information Entropy Fusion and Model Self-Optimisation
Authors: Song Renwang , Bai Xiaolu , Zhang Rui , Jia You , Pan Lihu , Dong Zengshou
Published: February 2022

Incomplete diagnostic information, inadequate multisource sensor information, weak diagnosis models, and subjective experience result in difficulty in predicting rotating machinery faults. To overcome these limitations, we proposed a multiple domain and heterogeneous information entropy fusion model based on an optimisation of bearing fault diagnosis. The spatiotemporal approach uses a multiscene domain fusion strategy based on heterogeneous sensors (HSMSF) to extract feature fusion strategies and analyses the characteristics of the bearing fault features by multichannel processes with convolutional neural networks to vibration signals. After the mapping of multiple quality characteristics, the high-quality features are combined with each other, and the adaptive entropy weighted fusion method is used to analyse and make decisions on sensor information from different detection points. Nineteen key model parameters that were required for HSMSF construction were selected by adaptive optimisation using the chaos elitist modified sparrow search algorithm (CEI-SSA), and a self-learning diagnostic model that is suitable for multiple detection points was constructed. The validity and feasibility of the proposed fault diagnosis method were verified experimentally on two common reference-bearing datasets, CWRU and IMS, and compared with other fault diagnosis methods.
Certificate-Based Signature Scheme for Industrial Internet of Things Using Hyperelliptic Curve Cryptography
Authors: Ullah Insaf , Alkhalifah Ali , Althobaiti Maha M. , Al-Wesabi Fahd N. , Hilal Anwer Mustafa , Khan Muhammad Asghar , Ming-Tai Wu Jimmy
Published: February 2022

The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is a technology that uses the Internet of Things (IoT) infrastructure to sense, process, and communicate real-time events in the industrial system to cut down on unnecessary operating costs and to speed up industrial automation of internal and external working processes. Since the IIoT system inherits the same cyber-physical vulnerabilities that the IoT system already encounters, it requires additional work to address security concerns owing to its heterogeneous nature. As a result, an efficient security mechanism is essential to protect against various and unknown cyber-attacks. In this article, we propose a certificate-based signature scheme based on hyperelliptic curve cryptography (HECC), with the aim of improving security while reducing computational and communication costs in the IIoT environment. The proposed scheme outperforms existing schemes in terms of both computational and communication costs, as well as offering better security.
IoT Devices, User Authentication, and Data Management in a Secure, Validated Manner through the Blockchain System
Authors: Ahsan Talha , Zeeshan khan Farrukh , Iqbal Zeshan , Ahmed Muneer , Alroobaea Roobaea , Baqasah Abdullah M. , Ali Ihsan , Raza Muhammad Ahsan
Published: February 2022

Advancement in technology has led to innovation in equipment, and the number of devices is increasing every day. Industries are introducing new devices every day and predicting 50 billion connected devices by 2022. These devices are deployed through the Internet, called the Internet of Things (IoT). Applications of IoT devices are weather prediction, monitoring surgery in hospitals, identification of animals using biochips, providing tracking connectivity in automobiles, smart home appliances, etc. IoT devices have limitations related to security at both the software and hardware ends. Secure user interfaces can overcome software-level limitations like front-end-user interfaces are accessed easily through public and private networks. The front-end interfaces are connected to the localized storage to contain data produced by the IoT devices. Localized storage deployed in a closed environment connected to IoT devices is more efficient than online servers from a security perspective. Blockchain has emerged as a technology or technique with capabilities to achieve secure administrational authentication and accessibility to IoT devices and their computationally produced data in a decentralized way with high reliability, interrogation, and resilience. In this paper, we propose device, end-user, and transactional authentication techniques using blockchain-embedded algorithms. The localized server interacts with the user interface to authenticate IoT devices, end-users, and their access to IoT devices. The localized server provides efficiency by reducing the load on the IoT devices by carrying out end-user heavy computational data, including end-user, IoT device authentication, and communicational transactions. Authentication data are placed on the public ledger in block form, distributed over the system nodes through blockchain algorithms.
Peertrap: An Unstructured P2P Botnet Detection Framework Based on SAW Community Discovery
Authors: Xing Ying , Shu Hui , Kang Fei , Zhao Hao
Published: February 2022

Botnet has become one of the serious threats to the Internet ecosystem, and botnet detection is crucial for tracking and mitigating network threats on the Internet. In the evolution of emerging botnets, peer-to-peer (P2P) botnets are more dangerous and resistant because of their distributed characteristics. Among them, unstructured P2P botnets use custom protocols for communication, which can be integrated with legitimate P2P traffic. Moreover, their topological structure is more complex, and a complete topology cannot be obtained easily, making them more concealed and difficult to detect. The bot itself is a kind of overlay network, and research shows that the nodes with shared neighbors usually belong to a certain community. Aiming at unstructured P2P botnets and exploiting complex network theory, from the perspective of shared neighbor nodes, this article proposes a botnet detection framework called Peertrap based on self-avoiding random walks (SAW) community detection under the condition of incomplete topological information. Firstly, network traffic is converted into Netflow, by utilizing Apache Flink big data platform. Also, a P2P traffic cluster feature extraction rule is proposed for distinguishing P2P traffic from non-P2P traffic, and it is formulated by using the upstream and downstream traffic and address distribution threshold features. Then, the confidence between P2P clusters is calculated by the Jaccard coefficient to construct a shared neighbor graph, and the same type of P2P communities are mined by hierarchical clustering using SAW algorithm combined with PCA. Finally, two community attributes, mean address distribution degree and mean closeness degree, are used to distinguish botnets. Experiments are conducted on three unstructured P2P botnets datasets, Sality, Kelihos, and ZeroAccess, and the CTU classic datasets, and then good detection results can be achieved. The framework overcomes one of the most critical P2P botnet detection challenges. It can detect P2P bots with high accuracy in the presence of legitimate P2P traffic, incomplete information network topology, and C&C channel encryption. Our method embodies the typical application of complex network theory in botnet detection field, and it can detect botnets from different families in the network, with good parallelism and scalability.
Espaço, Humano e Sagrado no Candomblé
Authors: Ibiapina Felipe , Leitão Lúcia
Published: February 2022

O ensaio busca discutir a relação entre o espaço arquitetônico, o homem e o sagrado no Candomblé, a fim de compreender o papel assumido pela arquitetura nesta tríade. O artigo é produto da pesquisa de doutorado do autor, ainda em curso, desenvolvida no âmbito interdisciplinar da arquitetura e antropologia afro-brasileira. Por ter sido elaborado antes da pesquisa de campo, baseia-se no marco teórico levantado, adotando, como perspectiva epistemológica, o diálogo entre a filosofia ocidental, a partir de uma leitura de Heidegger, e a filosofia nagô, sistematizada por Muniz Sodré. O ensaio intenta contribuir com os estudos afro-brasileiros na Arquitetura, discutindo o terreiro de candomblé enquanto objeto legítimo desta área do conhecimento, uma abertura para a alteridade, além do racionalismo ocidental.
Direito Urbanístico: objetivos, desafios e relação com a Arquitetura e o Urbanismo
Authors: Fernandes Edésio
Published: February 2022

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Pedagogia Griô: relato de prática fundante na educação das relações étnico-raciais em porto Alegre
Authors: Gomes Vanderlei de Paula
Published: February 2022

O artigo expõe procedimentos da Pedagogia Griô como elementos importantes para a inclusão de vivências na formação continuada de professores da rede municipal de ensino de Porto Alegre, quanto prerrogativas da lei 10639/03, substituída pela lei 11645/08. As condições iguais e as potenciais vantagens dos procedimentos didático-pedagógicos da Pedagogia Griô, diante de epistemologias dos cursos acadêmicos, evidenciam valores epistêmicos dos saberes e conhecimentos de Mestres e Mestras Griôs, os quais melhoram as relações humanas, agregando respeito à diversidade étnico-racial e cultural de cada uma das regiões nas quais estão instaladas as escolas públicas.
Entrevista com Lucia Laurentina Omar
Authors: Iokoi Zilda Márcia Grícoli , Teles Teresa
Published: February 2022

Projeto “Imigrações contemporâneas em cidades globais: intolerâncias e solidariedades”. Banco de Histórias de Vida de Africanos deslocados para o Brasil em busca de Formaçao Acadêmica e de Ferramentas para a ação em  políticas públicas de Direitos Humanos.
Primeiros resultados da aplicação da Cota de Solidariedade
Authors: Silva Patricia Cezario , Borges Igor Alves
Published: February 2022

Neste artigo são apresentados os primeiros resultados da aplicação da Cota de Solidariedade, instrumento urbanístico que visa promover habitação inclusiva. Inicialmente foram analisados os textos da legislação instituída no município de São Paulo em 2014, e Salvador em 2016. Em seguida foram avaliados os resultados da aplicação da lei em São Paulo até dezembro de 2018, abrangendo cinco empreendimentos. Por fim, é apresentada uma discussão sobre os limites do instrumento para alcançar seus objetivos e propostas de como superá-los, aproveitando oportunidades de implementação de habitação inclusiva nas cidades brasileiras e contribuindo para a reversão do grave quadro de desigualdade territorial.
Transformação, forma urbana e localização de renda: identificação de padrões nas cidades brasileiras
Authors: Silva Jonathas Magalhães Pereira da , Romera Camila Galli , Gonçalves Ana Carolina Vieira
Published: February 2022

O presente texto investiga a relação espacial existente entre a renda da população e a forma urbana. Considerando que a sociedade brasileira é caracterizada pela concentração de renda, torna-se pertinente verificar a influência dos padrões de renda na constituição das cidades. A pesquisa produziu 166 mapas de renda de cidades brasileiras. O método de espacializar a renda permite aferir a composição das rendas de cada setor censitário. Na analise comparativa entre municípios pode-se identificar sete grupos que possuem características similares na distribuição espacial dos padrões de renda. Estes grupos demonstram ter distintas formas de influência sobre a constituição da forma urbana e do sistema de espaços livres. Os resultados apontam padrões que passam a ser considerados na discussão da Forma Urbana.
Neste Espaço Preto não circula!: conflitos urbanos no pós-abolição
Authors: Oliveira Joana D'Arc , Bortolucci Maria Angela P. C. S.
Published: February 2022

O fim do sistema escravista no Brasil não garantiu a inclusão do negro e da negra na sociedade. Os projetos de marginalização do povo negro ganharam corpo e força no pós-abolição, tornando a vivência desses sujeitos uma luta constante. Herdeiros de uma cultura escravista extremamente arraigada, os indivíduos brancos das elites urbanas no Brasil empreenderam uma série de ações para garantir a manutenção de privilégios e impedir que negros e negras, ex-escravos ou não, juntamente aos demais pobres da cidade, tivessem livre acesso a espaços e serviços. Desse modo, legislações e projetos urbanísticos caminharam lado a lado às teorias do racismo científico, surgidas na Europa no século XIX, com o objetivo de legitimar ações de exclusão e marginalização de negros e pobres. O presente artigo, tomando por objeto de estudo o espaço urbano de São Carlos – SP nas primeiras décadas do pós-abolição, analisa de modo particular a criminalização da cor como ferramenta principal para a materialização de tais propósitos de exclusão. Para isso, articula autores, como José Lira, Flávio Gomes, Walter Fraga Filho, entre outros, relatos orais, códigos de posturas e processos criminais que tiveram como alvo principal sujeitos e corpos negros envolvidos em conflitos judiciais e que foram alvo de racismo por ousarem se apropriar de um espaço urbano constituído cada vez mais como não disponível aos “homens e mulheres de cor”.
O Paço Municipal de São Paulo e as “Normas Básicas para Concurso de Arquitetura
Authors: Bonugli Fabio Landucci , Monteiro Ana Maria Reis de Goes
Published: February 2022

Objetiva-se apresentar o documento de “Normas Básicas para Concurso de Arquitetura”, de 1952, consequência dos eventos realizados para o Paço Municipal de São Paulo. O levantamento de publicações na revista Acrópole ajudaram a compreender a constituição de documento chave para a realização de concursos de arquitetura, organizado pelo Departamento de São Paulo do Instituto de Arquitetos do Brasil. A normatização orientou a organização de concursos municipais, principalmente para os Paços e Centros Cívicos no período, que acompanharam a disseminação profissional e intelectual da arquitetura sentido ao interior do Estado. Reconhece-se que o documento foi fundamental para a disseminação e desenvolvimento da arquitetura moderna no interior paulista.
Design ativo aplicado à experiência dos pedestres com calçadas
Authors: Meotti Aline , Tarouco Fabrício Farias , Tonetto Leandro Miletto
Published: February 2022

Os estudos em design ativo envolvem o desenvolvimento de análise técnica e avaliação da qualidade das calçadas e das percepções dos pedestres. Para investigar como o design ativo pode qualificar o desenvolvimento das calçadas para fomentar a atividade de pedestres, foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa exploratória. A cidade de Santo Ângelo foi escolhida para possibilitar a aplicação de todas as etapas previstas no projeto. Os resultados permitiram a identificação de diretrizes de projeto para a melhoria das calçadas, permitindo aos pesquisadores listar ações prioritárias para intervir nesse contexto urbano.
Arquitetos Contemporâneos da Escola do Porto
Authors: Duarte Yuri
Published: February 2022

A denominada Escola do Porto foi um movimento que produziu ecos identificáveis nas produções arquitetônicas até a contemporaneidade em Portugal. Este artigo apresenta uma análise panorâmica da produção de dois grupos de notáveis arquitetos portugueses, considerando aspectos como: histórico de trabalho; relação de tutoria com outros arquitetos; formação profissional; e caracterização geral de sua obra. O primeiro formado por Fernando Távora, Álvaro Siza Vieira e Eduardo Souto de Moura; e o segundo composto por João Carrilho da Graça; os irmãos Nuno e José Mateus (escritório ARX); os irmãos Manuel e Francisco Nuno Aires Mateus; e Nuno Brandão Costa.
Membranas Urbanas: a cena e o cenário da cidade
Authors: Sousa Nilberto Gomes de
Published: February 2022

Partindo da segmentação dos elementos do tecido urbano, propomos fazer um caminho inverso, reunindo/constelando sob a denominação de membranas urbanas três elementos urbanos circunvizinhos: o passeio, as fachadas e os ambientes internos contíguos à fachada. Sobre estas membranas urbanas, entendemos, incidem as preocupações e ações dos diversos agentes urbanos que, entre motivações, pretendem sanar as feridas produzidas pelo urbanismo moderno. Para levar adiante nossa reflexão discorremos de maneira breve sobre o tecido urbano e sua segmentação, sobre os manuais de desenho urbano e sobre o conceito de urbanidade. Buscamos afirmar as membranas urbanas como lócus privilegiado das intervenções públicas e privadas, como cena e cenário da cidade e do urbanismo estratégico neoliberal. São reflexões iniciais que esperamos possam apontar um espaço promissor para contribuições que lancem novas perspectivas sobre o estudo da morfologia urbana, sobre os efeitos das edificações no urbano e sobre à urbanidade, questões que rondam o universo de intervenções que pretendem tornas estas áreas dinâmicas, sustentáveis e viáveis economicamente por meio da renovação ou reconstrução de frações específicas da cidade.
Eduardo Lourenço: Amigo dos poetas
Authors: Poma Paola , Ribeiro Fernando
Published: February 2022

Entrevista com Eduardo Lourenço no dia 5 julho 2018 - referente ao lançamento de Fernando Pessoa Revisitado, Brasil /Editora Tinta da China - realizada pela Professora Doutora Paola Poma da Universidade de São Paulo e pelo Professor Doutor Fernando Ribeiro da Universidade Nova de Lisboa na Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, em Lisboa.
Lobo Antunes, Gerard de Nerval e o Surrealismo
Authors: Baccarin-Costa Eduardo Luiz
Published: February 2022

Apenas o sonho ou o pesadelo são capazes de reunir lirismo e horror, descrença e amor. Somente a memória é capaz de trazer vivas as lembranças do vivido, e, algumas vezes também do sonhado. Gerard de Nerval, autor romântico, com alguns vieses simbolistas em sua obra, valoriza muito o poder do sonho em suas narrativas; Lobo Antunes, autor português, faz do resgate da memória uma forma de libertar-se dos seus fantasmas interiores.  O presente trabalho pretende, a partir dessa máxima, discutir eventuais aproximações entre as obras Aurélia de Gerard de Nerval e a trilogia de estreia de António Lobo Antunes, composta pelos livros Memória de Elefante, Os Cus de Judas e Conhecimento do Inferno. Também se pretende, a partir dessas obras e autores estabelecer eventuais relações com o surrealismo. Para tanto usaremos como referencial teórico às considerações de Alvaro Cardoso Gomes e o próprio primeiro manifesto do surrealismo proposto por André Breton.