bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Ocean Salinity Variance due to Climate Change on Australian Seaport Infrastructure
Authors: Hunting Andrew , Setunge Sujeeva , Kong Daniel
Published: October 2013

As the effects of climatic change become more evident and extreme, there is significant pressure being mounted onto port authorities and infrastructure stakeholders to ensure that their assets are resilient to the effects of a more aggressive and corrosive climate. Typically, the reinforcing steel within concrete which provides its flexural strength is protected from corrosion by both the alkalinity of the cement and the distance of cover from the chloride laden environment. However, studies are suggesting that as the hydrological cycle around the equator begins to accelerate, the salinity of the oceans at these lower latitudes (namely from 25°S to 25°N) will increase. As demonstrated through Ficks 2nd Law of diffusion, there will then be an effect on the build-up of surface chlorides and thus, chloride ingress through the cement matrix to initiate corrosion. Through an extensive literature review of climatic forecasts, and both laboratory and in-field trials, this paper will numerically demonstrate the relationship between salinity concentration and surface chloride levels at varying temperatures. The results illustrate a strong positive relationship between the two parameters suggesting faster corrosion initiation, and more frequent operational downtime for stakeholders into the future. To fill this gap in knowledge, the surface chloride equations presented should be considered when design, maintenance, and retrofitting options are being considered for stakeholders within the affected locations.
Stochastic Dynamic Reliability Analysis of Seismic Response of Soft Ground Including Silt
Authors: Cao Yu Chun
Published: October 2013

Due to the uncertainties and randomness of earthquake loads, it is more logical that reliability method should be employed in dynamic geotechnical engineering analysis. A methodology of 2-D effective stress FEM analysis based on dynamic reliability of seismic response of soft ground including silt is proposed in this paper, Duncan-Chang and Hardin-Drnevich hyperbolic models are used for static and dynamic constitutive relations of soils, respectively. Furthermore, three stochastic dynamic reliability analysis approaches based on the cumulative damage, cyclic shear stress and pore water pressure ratio are respectively suggested. The proposed methodology was applied to the stochastic dynamic reliability analysis of ground seismic response of two typical soft soil profiles in Shanghai in terms of seismic wave input depths of 50m and 280m. Basically consistent conclusions can be drawn in the three aforementioned perspectives. In addition, the filtering effect of frequency components by deeper soil layers plays perhaps an important role in dynamic reliability analysis in view of the fact that remarkable differences of dynamic reliability analysis results exist between 50m and 280m seismic wave input depths.
Dynamic Responses of Slope under the Effect of Seismic Loads
Authors: Mao Luo Jian , Xu Qian , Jian Zheng , Zhu Ying
Published: October 2013

In order to study the seismic response of slope under the effect of seismic load, a numerical model was established by ANSYS program. It was mainly analyzed the dynamic responses of slope under the effect of both general earthquake and rare one. The results indicate that under general earthquake, slope deforms a little, there is small stress within slope, and small tensile stress on the top of slope; under rare earthquake, slope deforms greatly, slope surface has large displacement, and there is larger tensile strain on the slope top. At the same time, stress concentration effects expand further within slope and slope toe. Consequently, with regard to slopes in higher fortification intensity area, some steps should be taken to strengthen slope in order to improve slope seismic stability.
Approach to Forecasting Occurrence of Slope Failure with Nonlinear Dynamical System
Authors: Liu Han Dong
Published: October 2013

Landslides constitute a major geologic hazard because they are widespread and commonly occur in connection with other major natural disasters such as earthquakes, rainstorms, wildfires and floods. Nonlinear dynamical system (NDS) techniques have been developed to analyze chaotic time series data. According to NDS theory, the correlation dimension and predictable time scale are evaluated from a single observed time series. The Xintan landslide case study is presented to demonstrate that chaos exists in the evolution of a landslide and the predictable time scale must be considered. The possibility for long-term, medium-term and short-term prediction of landslide is discussed.
Evaluation on Compressive Strength and Workability of Green High-Performance Concrete by Grey Relational Grade
Authors: Zhang Xin , Yang Dong
Published: October 2013

Applying grey relational analysis method, this paper calculated the relational grades between the mix proportion parameters and the compressive strength, the slump of green high-performance concrete (GHPC) respectively. Besides, the sequence results of influencing degree of the factors affecting the compressive strength and workability were obtained. The results indicate that the compressive strength and slump of GHPC are affected by various mix proportion factors with different sensitivity, and the sensitivity could be well analyzed by the grey relational analysis. Among the four selected parameters of mix proportion such as water to binder ratio, cement dosage, fly ash dosage and sand ratio, the water to binder ratio and the cement dosage greatly influence on the compressive strength of GHPC, the water to binder ratio and the sand ratio greatly influence on the workability of GHPC.
Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation for Green Construction
Authors: Yang Wen Wu , Wang Jian Bo , Ge Juan , Chen Peng
Published: October 2013

Nowadays countries in the world are committed to the energy conservation and emission reduction, and the construction is the most energy consumption stage in the life cycle of the building. Green construction will be a key link to realize energy conservation and emission reduction in the construction field. A green construction evaluation index system is established in this paper, which includes five-level aspects such as construction management, materials and material resource utilization, water conservation and utilization, energy efficiency and utilization, and land utilization and protection. These aspects are further divided into 20 indices of green construction management system.
The Formation and Influence on Spatial Form of Urban Residential Areas
Authors: Song Ling , Zhang Shao Wei
Published: October 2013

The accelerated process of urbanization and the adjustment of national housing policy provide a new chance for the development of residential real estate. But the speed of building new public facilities is relatively slow in the development of residential constructions, which affects both the improvement of life qualities for residents and the development of the housing industry. With the analysis of current urban public service facilities, the main configuration principles of the living form of overall architecture and cell-level public service facilities are indicated, and a hexagonal system model is proposed for positioning of city settlements morphology.
Renewable Energy: Proposals to Wind Farm Developments in Urban Space
Authors: Chen Ping , Xu Qiu Shi
Published: October 2013

The objective of this study tries to explain better the advantages of the energy of the wind through the different stages. The research comes on the architectural and aesthetic appearance as well as the industrial production of the product.
Sustainable Housing Construction to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Authors: Patnaikuni I. , Setunge Sujeeva , Himabindu M.
Published: October 2013

Global warming is a reality due to the curent level of greenhouse gas emissions globally. Housing construction should take into account factors which contribute to global warming while making the construction affordable in view of the greenhouse gas emissions and the continually increasing energy costs. It is important that housing construction overcomes the irrationality of the current conventional construction method which is not only expensive but has poor thermal performance and ignores the significant environmental impact of high embodied energy of the building process which contributes to the greenhouse gas emissions. Because of this there is a need for developing improved low cost sustainable building techniques. This paper presents an innovative rammed earth core concrete jacket walling system that can provide significant improvements in environmental impact, comfort and cost of both building the house and the cost of operational energy. The construction uses mainly local natural materials with very little high energy processing there by reducing the embodied energy of the construction. Not only using local materials in this construction but also only basic building skills are required for construction workers and therefore the system is ideally suited to rural areas and has potential application to developing countries. This method of construction has better performance in case of earth quakes which saves many lives. The paper presents a discussion of the efficiency of such high thermal mass solutions and describes the construction process.
Condition Monitoring and Condition Aggregation for Optimised Decision Making in Management of Buildings
Authors: Mohseni Hessam , Setunge Sujeeva , Zhang Guo Min , Wakefield Ron
Published: October 2013

Buildings are one of the major infrastructure investments in cities. Sustainable preservation of building assets in order to deliver an appropriate level of service throughout their life cycle requires a comprehensive and optimised decision making methodology. This decision making method needs to be supported not only by accurate data, but also by proper manipulation and aggregation techniques to target the highest potential longevity of construction materials. Condition monitoring methods help asset managers collect required information about their buildings to make justifiable judgments for maintenance and rehabilitation strategies. This data is collected in the condition monitoring stage within a defined scope of a condition monitoring manual. The level of detail in data collection may depend on the asset management system, element hierarchy adopted by the organization and criticality of assets. While detailed condition data is collected during building condition assessments, for higher-level optimised strategic asset management overall conditions of element groups are desirable to project the capital investments and expenditures. The paper reviews condition monitoring techniques for buildings and also presents a risk-based methodology for aggregating the inspected conditions to a higher group level of inspected elements which leads to a greater accuracy of decisions to be made for strategic management of buildings.
Strategy of Research on the Application of Three-Dimensional Information about Historical Building Heritage in Cold Region
Authors: Han Rui , Lv Jing , Li Bing
Published: October 2013

Historical building heritage in cold region owns a lot of unique trait from planning design to the construction process and the materials used, especially the design of internal and external environment of space around the building contains lots of research value. With the help of three-dimensional information technology for surveying and mapping, the deconstruction and information management application, we can effectively promote the historic conservation and reuse, and also promote the research and application of historical building site information sharing on the network platform.
The Management Mode of Construction Enterprise from Information Flow Perspective
Authors: Cao Na , Du Bo , Zhu Guang Jun , Zhu Yan
Published: October 2013

Project is the lifeblood of construction enterprise, weak management capabilities of project will cause low operation efficiency and resource waste. According to the management characteristics of construction enterprise, the business layer should be in the core of management architecture. It is necessary to strengthen project management by information circulation to eliminate the internal information islands. At the macro level, a closed circulatory management model for construction enterprise based on information platform is constructed. In order to get the effective management control of project at the micro level, the project management control model from information flow perspective is suggested.
The Interpretation of the New City Residential Pattern - Taking the Youth Dwelling SOLO for Instance
Authors: Xie Ke , Lang Ling Yun , Shen Hui
Published: October 2013

This paper analyses the phenomenon about well selling on the new house type SOLO from the angle of development of dwelling in this century. Paying attention to youths demand on psychology and physiology, a proposal to renew the idea on design of residence is put forward, and. some views on the new city residential pattern are discussed.
A Study on the Colors of the New Tang Dynasty Architectural Style
Authors: Ma Ting , Wu Nong , Yang Zhi Xiong , Ai Yue Xi
Published: October 2013

As the outerwear of a building, its color is one of the most significant features of a city. During thousands years of development the colors not only served for protection and decoration, but have been endowed with many intensions in the field of philosophy, politics, religion, culture and so on. Hence there has been formed a unique and integrated culture of colors. As many other cities, Xian is faced with the problem of maintaining its feature in the course of its development. On the basis of protecting the original style and features of the old town, delivering the profound cultural deposits, exploring the connection between traditional culture and modern architectural creation has become a common starting point for the architects in Xian. Based on the culture of Tang dynasty, the new Tang dynasty architecture is a bold attempt to shape a modern city and is also a direct reflection of the architects feeling about Chinese traditional architecture. In this paper, the writer studied the relationship between the colors of the new Tang dynasty architectural style and the creation of the modern Xian architecture from the point of architectural history and architectural design. Also, the paper explored its impact and inspiration on the modern architectural creation of Xian from the perspective of time feature. Moreover, it disclosed the value of the new Tang dynasty architectural style in a modern way and provided references, enlightenments and new ideas for the modern architectural creation in a historic city.
Experimental Research on the Influence of Pebble Aggregate Gradation on Concrete Strength
Authors: Yin Xiu Hai , Lu Ling
Published: October 2013

By changing the grading of pebble and water cement ratio, the influence of pebble grading on the compressive strength and flexural strength of concrete is studied at the same pebble content. Test results show that the compression strength and bending strength of concrete decrease with the increasing of the maximal size of coarse aggregate, while the maximal size (Dmax) of pebble aggregate achieves 10mm, 20mm, 40mm and 60mm. And concrete strength decreases significantly when Dmax is 60mm. Meanwhile, the influence of aggregate gradation is obviously with the increase of age time.
Exploration of the Green Ecological Residence Design Based on Sustainable Development
Authors: Wang Rui , Sun Ya Feng , Li Xuan
Published: October 2013

On the basis of the ecological residential concept, present situation and existing problems, this paper analyzes the basic concept and principles of ecological residential design. From the aspects of ecological residential layout, building materials selection, natural lighting and rational utilization of water resources, the connotation of ecological residential construction is systematically discussed.
Thinking of City Public Space Landscape Design: An Example of Puyang City Train Station Square Landscape Design
Authors: Hu Jian
Published: October 2013

This article is based on the landscape design of Puyang City train station square, Henan province, studies the problems of city public space under different behavioral patterns, and gives suggestions to solve these problems, thus to make better city public space and to solve the problem of space creation under complex situations.
Break Even Analysis for the Financial Verification of Urban Regeneration Projects
Authors: Morano Pierluigi , Tajani Francesco
Published: October 2013

The involvement of the private investor in urban regeneration projects makes the verification of the financial feasibility of the initiative inevitable. Thus, the applicability of Break Even Analysis (BEA) is tested in this study. BEA is a financial analysis technique that allows to study the impact that technical, economic and organizational decisions may have on the financial feasibility of the project. The main methodological and operational aspects of BEA are discussed, with the application of an urban regeneration of a former brownfield site located in a city of Southern Italy being developed. The success of the experiment confirms the possibility to use BEA for the financial analysis of projects, especially in the early design stages.
New Ways of City Tourism Industry Clusters Construction – A Case of Construction of Zhengzhou City Travel Hub
Authors: Wen Yi , Wang Xin
Published: October 2013

From the overall urban development strategy, breaking through the traditional concept of urban tourism distribution center construction and using the new scenery spot operating model to build Zhengzhou city tourism industrial clustering region not only can make up for the citys lack of a tourism distribution center, but also is beneficial for the new districts overall development and construction in west Zhengzhou city, thus to promote the adjustment and optimization of industrial structure and spatial structure in Zhengzhou city.
A Research on the Small Towns' Characteristic Construction Problem and the Innovation under the Background of Rapid Urbanization in the Less Developed Areas
Authors: Wu Huai Jing , Liu Jing Xia
Published: October 2013

Small town is the breakthrough point to quicken urbanization. This paper analyses many problems during the small towns construction in the less developed areas such as conservative ideas, the low level of urban planning, lack of economic dynamism and the negligence of cultural advantage. The characteristic innovations on concept, planning, economy, culture and architecture are put forward, for developing its distinct local characters and advantages.
Principles and Countermeasures of Transformation and Renewal for Sustainable Development of Existing Residential Districts under the Background of Urbanization
Authors: Qi Hai Yuan , Liu Chao Ying
Published: October 2013

This article is to analyze the necessity of renewing existing residential districts to be sustainable ones and define the concept of sustainable residential districts in accordance with the theory of sustainable development. On the basis of objective analysis for the disadvantages of existing residential districts, it puts forward some principles and corresponding countermeasures of renewal for sustainable development of existing residential districts.
Research on the Grey Correlation Evaluation Model of Equipment Utilization Quality Based on TOPSIS
Authors: Jiang Chen , Mi Qiao Li
Published: October 2013

The basic theories of TOPSIS and grey correlation are studied firstly. Aiming at the quality evaluation of equipment in use-phase, the comprehensive evaluation model combined TOPSIS and grey correlation theory is built. On this basis the model is verified by the related equipment quality data of three engineering units. According to the calculation results, the evaluation method is demonstrated feasible and effective.
Optimal Design of SRC Transfer Beam of High-Rise Building
Authors: Liang Bin , Zhang Zhao Liang , Li Rong
Published: October 2013

Combined with a design of steel reinforced concrete (SRC) transfer beam in a tall building, and by analyzing interaction between transfer-beam and shear wall by the finite element method, the optimal model is set up. It is to minimize the total cost subjected to constraint of bearing capacity etc. By proper optimal method, the model of SRC transfer beam is optimized. The results show that the beam size achieves a fair division subjected to the condition of strength, structure etc. Meanwhile, actual design software indicates that the optimized data meet the design.
Geographical Zoning of Traditional Villages - A Case Study of Henan Province
Authors: Zhang Dong
Published: October 2013

Geographical differences of traditional village exist objectively in Henan province, China. With learning geographical zoning methods, this paper is trying to zone processing through a comprehensive comparison of the formation of traditional villages area in Henan, in which the main factors such as comprehensive natural factors, economic factors, cultural factors are considered.
Performance Evaluation of Agritainment Service Supply Chain
Authors: Zhang Shu Hai
Published: October 2013

This paper puts forward the index system of evaluating performance of agritainment supply chain from three attribute domains, i.e. operation domain, hierarchy domain and composition domain, uses entropy technology and analytic hierarchy process to carry on the evaluation of service performance and probes into the application of agritainment supply chain theory in practice. It is quite important on enhancing the competitive power of the whole agritainment supply chain as well as the node enterprises in the agritainment supply chain. Finally, three problems that need further study in this field are pointed out.
The Conception of Improving Signal in Y-Intersection under Influence of Pedestrian
Authors: Feng Wei , Guo Wen Wu
Published: October 2013

This paper puts forward new traffic rules and signal dispensation formula in Y-intersection under influence of pedestrian, qualitatively gives the proof of average passing through time ratio of each road in Y-intersection and provides new ideas for passing through time ratio in general intersections.
Test of Ecological Riverbank Protection with Concrete
Authors: Xing Zhen Xian , Wang Ya Nan , Zong Qiu Guo
Published: October 2013

Traditional concrete revetment technology mainly focuses on the safety of engineering without taking the river ecological system protection into account. The ecological concrete revetment can properly combines the river slope sclerosis with green to keep the river ecological system sustainable develop. Ecological concrete revetment includes excavating, laying concrete frame, pouring ecological concrete, filling nutrition soil, planting vegetation, management and observation processes. The revetment of concrete hexagonal tile is suitable with excellent resistance to water washing out and good capability of fixing soil. Slop protection of concrete rectangular frame is used for its large scale and high efficiency of construction. Selecting native plants for greening materials is convenient of transplanting, it has low cost and high survival rate.
The Study on Risk and Countermeasure of Highway Engineering Construction Contract
Authors: Li Wei Fang
Published: October 2013

Highway engineering construction due to a long development cycle, complex and large scale, is filled with risks. The research of the risk and countermeasures of highway engineering construction is of great significance. In the paper, risk factors analysis of highway engineering construction contract in signing stage and implement stage are discussed, and some countermeasures are proposed, including risk aversion and risk transfer.
Laboratory Experimental Research on Mix Ratio Test of Cement Soil
Authors: Yao Xian Hua , Li Peng , Guan Jun Feng
Published: October 2013

Based on the generalization and analysis of laboratory experimental results on mix ratio, the effects of various factors such as cement content, water-cement ratio, curing time, curing conditions and types of cement on the mechanical properties of unconfined compressive strength of cement soil are presented. Results show that the unconfined compressive strength of cement soil increases with the growing curing time, and it is greatly affected by the cement content, water-cement ratio, cement types and curing time, while the effect of curing conditions is weak with a cement content of more than 10%. Moreover, the stress-strain of the cement soil responds with the cement content and curing time, increasing curing time and cement content makes the cement soil to be harder and brittle, and leads to a larger Young's modulus.
Bond Properties of Plain Steel Bar in Concrete with Machine-Made Sand
Authors: Li Feng Lan , Yu Ke Fei , Ding Xin Xin , Li Chang Ming
Published: October 2013

To meet the requirement of machine-made sand application in concrete structures, it is necessary to understand the bond properties of steel bar with machine-made sand concrete (MSC). Therefore, the experimental studies were carried out on the bond of plain steel bar with MSC by the central pull-out test method. Three specimens were cast as one group, 6 groups were tested considering the changes of strength grade of MSC and ordinary concrete. The bond-slip curves were measured and analyzed. The results show that the bond slip begins at the tensile side and transfers gradually to the free end before the entire slip turns up along the interface of plain steel bar and surrounded concrete, the largest average bond stress, i. e. the bond strength of plain steel bar corresponds to the initial entire slip of plain steel bar. With the increasing strength grade of MSC and ordinary concrete, the difference of slip at tensile side and free end becomes greater. Comparing that only appears in ordinary concrete with higher strength, the larger slips turn up while the bond stress reaches the largest for the plain steel bar in MSC. Larger scatter of bond strength is between specimens in the same group. Some plain steel bars yields with the beginning of entire slip along the interface.
Innovation on Teaching Methods of Foundation Engineering Course
Authors: Yang Qing Nian , Sima Yu Zhou
Published: October 2013

Foundation Engineering is a professional and basic course which must be learnt by the students in the majors relating to Civil Engineering and Architecture. The existing problems in teaching process is analyzed combined with our teaching practice, the teaching of Foundation Engineering should choose appropriate and excellent teaching materials, and strengthen contents of practical training to give great impetus on the innovation of teaching process.
Dynamic Emergy Analysis in the Efficiency Evaluation of a Multipurpose Hydropower Project
Authors: Chen Hong Yu , Zhang Xue Qing
Published: October 2013

A dynamic approach is taken in this study to assess the efficiency of the various functions of the Xiaolangdi multipurpose project using the emergy evaluation method. These functions include flood control, ice jam prevention, sediment reduction, water supply and power generation. Through simulation modeling, both emergy inflows and outflows can be continuously tracked and the variations and uncertainties properly measured for different stages in the operation of the Xiaolangdi multipurpose project on an annual basis. Dynamic emergy analysis provides an alternative way to evaluate the efficiency of a multipurpose hydropower project.
Study on Cost Management Informatization of the Hydroelectricity Construction Enterprise
Authors: Chai Xiao Na , He Wei Jun
Published: October 2013

In the environment of the lowest price winning the bid, competition among the hydroelectricity construction enterprises has become increasingly fierce. For the sustainable development, they have to take low profit margins, even at the cost price for the successful bid. So the cost management, as one part of reducing expenditure of the hydroelectricity construction enterprises, is important. According to the investigation of the current situation of the cost management of The Three Gorges Company Gezhouba Group Co., Ltd, this paper proposes the method establishing the cost analysis database and the concrete steps, intending to improve the efficiency of the cost accounting and analysis by means of the information technology, and win the bidding competition advantages for the hydroelectricity construction enterprises. Meanwhile, this paper hopes that the measure has some reference value for the same industry.
Prediction of Concrete Freezing Resistance under Site Environment Based on ANN
Authors: Zhao Na , Zhang A. Lin
Published: October 2013

The concrete structure in the cold area is often strengthened or demolished in advance due to freeze-thaw damage, so as to cause waste of fund and energy, therefore, the research on the prediction of concrete freezing resistance under field environment is of profound practical value. In this paper, the equivalent relation model of indoor freeze-thaw cycles is established by using RBF network and can be effectively perfected by establishment of concrete freeze-thaw test and test database and data accumulation. On one hand, the establishment of this model can provide a solution for researches on the concrete freezing resistance under field environment and some guidance for the freezing resistance design, construction, late maintenance management and durability evaluation of concrete works. On the other hand, it can also provide references for establishment and management of experimental database and engineering field database to lay a foundation for the further research on the freezing resistance of hydraulic structure in the cold area.
Experimental Research on Size Effect of Mode II Fracture Toughness of Concrete
Authors: Hu Shao Wei , Hu Liang
Published: October 2013

Based on specimen size, which is the main reason of the shear fracture toughness of concrete, experimental research was carried out by 5 groups including 40 symmetrically loading specimens with different length and height. Through load and crack tip sliding displacement curve P-CTSD, load and strain curve P-ε and load and time curve P-t, the effects of length and height of specimens to shear fracture toughness were studied. Specimen stability is strengthened with increasing of length and weakened with increasing of height. Size effect of fracture toughness is weakened with increasing of length, is strengthened with the increasing of height. Fracture toughness increases with the increasing of length, decreases with the increasing of height. Research Background The size effect exists in parameters of concrete, such as concrete strength, modulus of elasticity, fracture toughness, fracture energy and so on [1-. In 1961, the theory of fracture mechanics was applied to concrete structure for the first time by Kaplan [. A vast majority of research work about concrete fracture mechanics was carried out by international scholars [6-. As the development of fracture theory of concrete, the size effect of fracture parameters became the focal point in theory study. Karihaloo [ pointed out that the size effect of concrete strength strengthens with the increasing of components size, however, the size effect weakens when crack length decreased relative to the size of specimens. Hu [3, 10, 11] accounted for the size effect by applying the theory of boundary effect and carried out the concept of local fracture energy which changes with width of fracture process zone. Based on the fictitious crack model, an analytical method [12, 13] for predicting the effective fracture toughness of concrete of three-point bending notched beams is proposed and the effects of initial seam height ratio and height on fracture parameters were carried out by Wu and Xu. At present, research on shear fracture toughness of concrete is immature and there are almost no papers about the size effect of shear fracture toughness of concrete. Aiming at the issue, this paper conducts a study on the size effect of shear fracture toughness of concrete by using symmetrically single-edge notched specimen.
Research on Detection of Micro-Expansive Concrete Filled Steel Tube
Authors: Gao Ke , Zhang Hao Jie , Zhou Jin Cun
Published: October 2013

On the basis of the ultrasonic examination of concrete filled steel tube Pylon Bridge, comprehensive research and application analysis of nondestructive testing technology was carried out on the detection of micro-expansive concrete filled steel tube through the study of concrete filled steel tubular column (experimental section), which provide a theoretical basis for the detection of this kind of concrete.
Types and Course of Development of Advanced Composite Materials
Authors: Liu Xuan , Xie Hai
Published: October 2013

Advanced composite materials (ACMs) are also known as advanced polymer matrix composites. These are generally characterized or determined by unusually high strength fibers with unusually high stiffness, or modulus of elasticity characteristics, compared to other materials, while bound together by weaker matrices. These are termed advanced composite materials (ACMs) in comparison to the composite materials commonly in use such as reinforced concrete, or even concrete itself. The high strength fibers are also low density while occupying a large fraction of the volume. Advanced composites exhibit desirable physical and chemical properties that include light weight coupled with high stiffness (elasticity), and strength along the direction of the reinforcing fiber, dimensional stability, temperature and chemical resistance, flex performance and relatively easy processing. Advanced composites are replacing metal components in many uses, particularly in the aerospace industry.
Study on Affection of the PVA Fiber on Recycled Coarse Aggregate to Porous Concrete Performance
Authors: Man Du La
Published: October 2013

Pervious concrete is one kind of porous concrete which has skeleton structure. In this test the recycled coarse aggregate replacement ratio is 30%, by using recycled coarse aggregate which through high quality processing replaces ordinary coarse aggregate and adding PVA fiber (the mass of PVA fiber respectively are 0%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% of the cement), the influences of PVA fiber on the strength, effective porosity and permeable coefficient of porous concrete are studied. Besides, the dry shrinkage property and temperature contraction property of porous concrete are discussed. The results can provide the basis for the design and application of the recycled coarse aggregate porous concrete.
Experimental Study on Resistance of Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Concrete to Freezing and Thawing
Authors: Huo Hong Yuan , Zhang Liang , Xing Tong
Published: October 2013

Experiments were conducted to study the resistance of steel-polypropylene hybrid fiber reinforced concrete (HFRC) to freezing and tharwing. The mix proportions of concrete in strength grade CF40 were designed according to the superposition mix design method, where five mass contents of polypropylene fiber changing in range of 0.3~1.5kg/m3 with 0.3kg/m3 increment while the fraction of steel fiber by volume was constant as 1.0%, and four fractions of steel fiber by volume changing in range of 0.5~2.0% with 0.5% increment while the mass content of polypropylene fiber was kept as 0.9kg/m3. The results show that the steel-polypropylene hybrid fiber can significantly increase the resistance of HFRC to freezing and thawing, the losses of dynamic elasticity modulus and flexural strength of HFRC decrease with the increasing mass content of polypropylene fiber and fraction of steel fiber by volume, there is the coupling effect of enhancing on resistance of HFRC to freezing and thawing by hybrid fibers.
Durability of Concrete for Thermal Insulation Composite Wall
Authors: Li Feng Lan , Chen Hai Na , Feng Xue Zhen , Yang Su
Published: October 2013

Tests were carried out to study the durability of fine aggregate concrete and composite concrete simultaneously provided by the wet-sieving technique for the thermal insulation composite wall as building envelops. The workability of every concrete satisfied the basic requirement of cast quality. The composition analyses of concrete showed that compared with the ordinary concrete, the volume percent of coarse aggregate was increased and the volume percent of cement mortar was decreased due to that the residual coarse aggregate stayed on the sieve was blended with ordinary concrete, which increased the resistances of composite concrete to chloride penetration, water penetration and carbonization. Meanwhile, the resistances of fine aggregate concrete to chloride penetration, water penetration and carbonization were reduced due to the obvious increase of the volume percent of cement mortar.
Experimental Study on Thermal Conductivity of Concrete for Building Reinforced Concrete Composite Wall
Authors: Lu Mei Jun , Yang Su , Feng Xue Zhen , Zhao Shun Bo
Published: October 2013

In order to determine the thermal conductivity of the concrete for building reinforced concrete composite wall, the fine-aggregate concrete for the thermal insulation layer and the composite concrete for the reinforced concrete wall were made from the ordinary concrete by in-situ wet-sieving techniques. The compositions of these three kinds of fresh concrete were determined, which expressed by the volume fraction of crushed stone and the volume ratio of crushed stone to mortar. The thermal conductivity of concrete was measured by the one-dimensional steady heat flow meter. Based on the tests, the changes of thermal conductivity of concrete affected by the volume fraction of crushed stone and the volume ratio of crushed stone to mortar were analyzed. The correlation analysis shows that the correlation of the thermal conductivity is better with the volume ratio of crushed stone to mortar. The formula for forecasting the thermal conductivity of concrete is proposed.
Study and Application of Permeability Formwork to Marine Concrete
Authors: Feng Qi , Wu Xiao Guang , Zhao Ben Dong
Published: October 2013

During the construction of concrete structure, laying controlled permeability formwork within the traditional formwork can effectively improve the durability of concrete for marine structures and prolong the working life of concrete structures. This paper discusses the working mechanism of controlled permeability formwork, introduces its development history and research status, summarizes the construction process and matters needing attention of controlled permeability formwork, and puts forward the problems remaining to be solved at present.
Mechanical Properties of Rebar HRB335 after Corrosion
Authors: Wang Ying
Published: October 2013

The corrosion rates of rebar HRB335 in 0.5%wt. NaCl solution and the tensile mechanical properties before and after corrosion of rebar were investigated. The results showed that, with increasing corrosion time from 30 days to 90 days, the corrosion rate of rebar HRB335 increases. With the increase of corrosion time (corrosion rate), the yield strength and tensile strength decrease, but the elongation decreases at first and then increases.
Influences of Concrete Resistivity on Corrosion Rate of Steel Bar in Concrete
Authors: Huang Zhong Hui , Yu Bo , Yang Lu Feng , Wu Ming
Published: October 2013

Corrosion rate of steel bar in concrete plays an important role in load bearing-capacity evaluation, maintenance decision and residual life prediction of existing RC structures. A macro cell corrosion model was developed to investigate the influences of concrete resistivity on corrosion rate of steel bar in concrete based on the electrochemical principle and the Bulter-Volmer equation. Analysis results show that concrete resistivity has significant effect on corrosion rate of steel bar in concrete if the limit current density is relative large and the steel corrosion is under control of ion transportation. With the increase of relative humidity, the limit current density decreases obviously and the steel corrosion is influenced by both oxygen diffusion and concrete resistivity. However, if the concrete resistivity is relative small, steel corrosion will be under control of oxygen diffusion.
Corrosion Behavior of Rebar HRB400 in NaCl Solution
Authors: Li Ping , Wang Ying
Published: October 2013

The corrosion behavior of rebar HRB400 in 0.5 wt.%, 1.5 wt.% and 3.5 wt.% NaCl solutions was investigated by corrosion rate calculation and corrosion morphology observation. The results showed that, with the increase of corrosion time from 240h to 720h, the corrosion rate of rebar HRB400 in each NaCl solution increases. With the increase of NaCl solution concentration, the corrosion rate of rebar HRB400 increases. The corrosion morphologies show strong consistency with the test results of corrosion rate.
The Effects on Tensile Properties of Different Winding Way on GFRP Bar
Authors: Pang Yu Yang , Zhang Pu , Gao Dan Ying , Mo Fei
Published: October 2013

The influence of different surface forms on GFRP reinforcement mainly manifest in bonding between reinforcement materials and concrete, especially when the GFRP bars are used in slope, the form of the surface of GFRP bar will affect reinforced materials torsion and shear properties directly. This article made some tensile tests on several different surface forms of GFRP reinforcement, and learned that the form of the surface wound of GFRP bar make the influence on tensile strength, ultimate elongation and modulus of elasticity. Test results show that the surface of the winding way will affect on the tensile strength, ultimate elongation and modulus of elasticity of GFRP bar.
Study on Asphalt Treated Permeable Base in Cold Area
Authors: Li Li Hui , Li Wen Li
Published: October 2013

The pavement performance and extend service of life will be greatly improved by establish pavement sub drainage system to remove excessive water to the edge of highway in time. This paper designed three kinds of asphalt-treated permeable base (ATPB) with different opens grades, and according to the weather characteristics of the north China, their road performances such as water permeability, water stability, anti-cracking, mechanical property have been studied at low temperature by experiment. It is verified that ATPB-25 is more suitable as permeable base in cold area.
Study on Flame-Retardant Properties of Flame Retardant Asphalt Mixture
Authors: Liu Da Liang , Yan Yi Zhong , Huang Yun Yong , Yao Jia Liang , Yuan Jian Bo
Published: October 2013

Flame retardants modified asphalt with SBS flame retardant SMA hybrid material was prepared, flame retardant performances of SMA mixture was studied by the cone calorimeter. The results show that adding 12% flame retardant with SBS modified asphalt in preparation of flame retardant SMA mixture, the peak heat release rate values than the non-flame retardant asphalt mixture decreased by 4.02 kW/m2, and the heat release rate values were significantly reduced, the total heat and the amount of smoke of flame retardant asphalt mixture released less than the non-flame retardant asphalt mixture.
Orthogonal Experiment Design and Analysis of Compound Activator
Authors: Zhang Xu Fang , Ma Bin
Published: October 2013

According to the intuitive analysis and variance analysis of L16 (45) orthogonal experiment, the activity of slag was investigated on component of compound activator and mixing amount with the compressive strength as evaluation standard of various influencing factors. The results show that the range of anhydrous sodium sulfate (NS) was maximum, clinker (NL) comes second and lime (NH) was minimum, which means that primary and secondary of compound activator to the compressive strength of slag cementations material was NS>NL>NH, and the better activated effects can be obtained as NS=4%, NL=0.6% and NH=0.6%.
Preparation of Sn-Doped PT Material by Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Chen Xi , Tong Yu Ping
Published: October 2013

Pure lead titanate (PbTiO3) and Sn doped PbTiO3 solid solution were prepared by sol-gel technique. The sol was prepared by mixing stable solutions of Pb-citrate, Sn-and Ti (OC4H9)4 precursors. The structure and particle size and morphology of PbTiO3 powder were characterized by XRD, and the results shows that the precursors decomposed and forms pure phase after heating at 973 K and 1073 K for 2 h. Influence of different factors on PbTiO3 gel doped with Sn was discussed. It is found that higher synthesis temperature is needed to prepare Sn doped PbTiO3 solid solutions.
Phosphate Removal from Aqueous Solution Using Fly Ash Modified with Fe-Cu Bimetal Oxide
Authors: Xu Ke , Luo Xu , Li Chun Guang , Niu Jun Ling
Published: October 2013

In this work the adsorption of phosphate using the Fe-Cu bimetal oxide modified fly ash was studied. The experimental results showed that phosphate could be effectively removed in the pH range between 4 and 10. The removal percentage of phosphate reached maximum at pH 6.0. The adsorption of phosphate by the modified fly ash was rapid, and the adsorption percentage of phosphate could reach 91.20% in 5 minutes. The removal efficiency of phosphate increased with the increase of adsorbent dosage and the decrease of the initial concentration. The adsorption of phosphate could be described well by Langmuir isotherm, the Langmuir constant Q0 was 26.03mg/g.
Inverse Analysis for Inhomogeneous Dielectric Coefficient of Pavement Material Based on Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Tao Xiang Hua , Huang Jing Qing , Cai Ying Chun
Published: October 2013

The key of ground penetrating radars application lies in the calculation of dielectric coefficient. The pavement materials are inhomogeneous medium in fact, the particle surface can induce the scatter and diffraction of electromagnetic wave. The inhomogeneous dielectricity can change the characteristics of reflected wave. It may even cause background noise of reflected signal, which will lead to mistakes in signal interpretation. Therefore it is necessary to analyze the inhomogeneous dielectric coefficients by GPR. This paper proposes the solutions of inverse analysis for inhomogeneous dielectric coefficients of pavement materials used GPR data. Two examples are given to assess the validity of genetic algorithms in inversion of pavement materials inhomogeneous dielectricity. The results show that genetic algorithm can converge into true solutions well. The backcalculated inhomogeneous dielectric coefficients can help to evaluate pavement properties further.
Shear Resistance of Pre-Cracking Reinforced Concrete T-Beam Strengthening with CFRP Sheets
Authors: Zhao Shun Bo , Li Jun Feng , Shi Feng Jun , Du Zhong Hua
Published: October 2013

Eleven pre-cracking reinforced concrete T-beams were strengthened with U-stirrups and longitudinal sheets of CFRP, the main parameters were the width, layer and space of U-stirrups of CFRP. The tests for shear resistance of the beams were carried out to measure the diagonal crack development and crack width, mid-span deflection, CFRP strain and ultimate resistance. Compared with the reference beam without strengthening, the diagonal cracks were effectively restrained and the shear resistances of the beams were also strengthened by the U-stirrups of CFRP. However, the shear resistance increment of the beams were not in direct proportion with the amount of CFRP sheet characterized by the width, layer and space of U-stirrups, as the strengthening effect is obviously influenced by the bond quality and the anchorage reliability of the U-stirrups. When strengthened with one layer, the shear resistance of the beam was enhanced largely by the wider sheet. When strengthened with two layers, the enhancement of shear resistance was weakened with the increasing width of sheets.