bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Passive Vision Region-Based Road Detection
Authors: Rateke Thiago , Justen Karla A. , Chiarella Vito F. , Sobieranski Antonio C. , Comunello Eros , Wangenheim Aldo Von
Published: March 2019

We present a literature review to analyze the state of the art in the area of road detection based upon frontal images. For this purpose, a systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted that focuses on analyzing region-based works, since they can adapt to different surface types and do not depend on road geometry or lane markings. Through the comprehensive study of publications in a 11-year time frame, we analyze the methods that are being used, on which types of surface they are applied, whether they are adaptive in relation to surface changes, and whether they are able to distinguish possible faults or changes in the road, such as potholes, shadows, and puddles.
Modeling Corrosion with First-Principles Electrochemical Phase Diagrams
Authors: Huang Liang-Feng , Scully John R. , Rondinelli James M.
Published: March 2019

Understanding and predicting materials corrosion under electrochemical environments are of increasing importance to both established and developing industries and technologies, including construction, marine materials, geology, and biomedicine, as well as to energy generation, storage, and conversion. Owing to recent progress in the accuracy and capability of density functional theory (DFT) calculations to describe the thermodynamic stability of materials, this powerful computational tool can be used both to describe materials corrosion and to design materials with the desired corrosion resistance by using first-principles electrochemical phase diagrams. We review the progress in simulating electrochemical phase diagrams of bulk solids, surface systems, and point defects in materials using DFT methods as well as the application of these ab initio phase diagrams in realistic environments. We conclude by summarizing the remaining challenges in the thermodynamic modeling of materials corrosion and promising future research directions.
Glia-Neuron Interactions in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Singhvi Aakanksha , Shaham Shai
Published: March 2019

Glia are abundant components of animal nervous systems. Recognized 170 years ago, concerted attempts to understand these cells began only recently. From these investigations glia, once considered passive filler material in the brain, have emerged as active players in neuron development and activity. Glia are essential for nervous system function, and their disruption leads to disease. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans possesses glial types similar to vertebrate glia, based on molecular, morphological, and functional criteria, and has become a powerful model in which to study glia and their neuronal interactions. Facile genetic and transgenic methods in this animal allow the discovery of genes required for glial functions, and effects of glia at single synapses can be monitored by tracking neuron shape, physiology, or animal behavior. Here, we review recent progress in understanding glia-neuron interactions in C. elegans. We highlight similarities with glia in other animals, and suggest conserved emerging principles of glial function.
Microscopy and Cell Biology: New Methods and New Questions
Authors: Morris Joshua D. , Payne Christine K.
Published: March 2019

Understanding the cellular basis of human health and disease requires the spatial resolution of microscopy and the molecular-level details provided by spectroscopy. This review highlights imaging methods at the intersection of microscopy and spectroscopy with applications in cell biology. Imaging methods are divided into three broad categories: fluorescence microscopy, label-free approaches, and imaging tools that can be applied to multiple imaging modalities. Just as these imaging methods allow researchers to address new biological questions, progress in biological sciences will drive the development of new imaging methods. We highlight four topics in cell biology that illustrate the need for new imaging tools: nanoparticle-cell interactions, intracellular redox chemistry, neuroscience, and the increasing use of spheroids and organoids. Overall, our goal is to provide a brief overview of individual imaging methods and highlight recent advances in the use of microscopy for cell biology.
Gastric Emphysema in a Critically Ill Patient Successfully Treated without Surgery
Authors: Ihoriya Hiromi , Yumoto Tetsuya , Iwamuro Masaya , Fujisaki Noritomo , Osako Takaaki , Naito Hiromichi , Nakao Atsunori
Published: March 2019

Gastric emphysema is a relatively rare clinical entity caused by injury to the gastric mucosa. A 62-year-old Japanese male with a history of heavy alcohol consumption and smoking was admitted to the emergency intensive care unit due to severe hypercapnic respiratory acidosis. His body mass index was only 12.6. Ten days after initiation of enteral feeding, he complained of abdominal pain. Computed tomography revealed intraluminal air in the distended gastric wall. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed diffuse edema, redness, and erosion throughout the stomach. Based on the findings of narrow angle and short distance of the aorta-superior mesenteric artery, the patient was diagnosed with gastric emphysema associated with superior mesenteric artery syndrome. He was successfully managed nonoperatively with treatments including intravenous antibiotics, gastric decompression, and bowel rest. Physicians should be aware of this unusual condition in such critically ill patients complaining of abdominal pain and needing close monitoring and observation to exclude gastric necrosis or perforation.
Forecasting of Wastewater Discharge and the Energy Consumption in China Based on Grey Model
Authors: Li ZhenHua , Zou ZhiHong , Yu Yang
Published: March 2019

Water pollution control is currently an important development strategy for China. Analysis and forecasting of wastewater discharge and the energy consumption are critical for this strategy. In this paper, we proposed the two time series models, namely, improved GM(0,n) model (IGM(0,n)) and optimized FGM(1,1) model (OFGM(1,1)). Two numerical experiments were used to test the validity of these models. It was indicated that the forecasting ability of two models had remarkably improved, compared to traditional FGM(1,1) and GM(0,n), respectively. We applied the two models to forecast wastewater discharge and energy consumption in China. The forecasting results have shown that the current growth rate in treated wastewater could meet the planning target of the 13th Five‐Year Plan. The wastewater discharge and the energy consumption would reach 77.39 billion tons and 22.75 billion kWh, respectively, in 2020.
Prediction of Ammunition Storage Reliability Based on Improved Ant Colony Algorithm and BP Neural Network
Authors: Liu Fang , Gong Hua , Cai Ligang , Xu Ke
Published: March 2019

Storage reliability is an important index of ammunition product quality. It is the core guarantee for the safe use of ammunition and the completion of tasks. In this paper, we develop a prediction model of ammunition storage reliability in the natural storage state where the main affecting factors of ammunition reliability include temperature, humidity, and storage period. A new improved algorithm based on three‐stage ant colony optimization (IACO) and BP neural network algorithm is proposed to predict ammunition failure numbers. The reliability of ammunition storage is obtained indirectly by failure numbers. The improved three‐stage pheromone updating strategies solve two problems of ant colony algorithm: local minimum and slow convergence. Aiming at the incompleteness of field data, “zero failure” data pretreatment, “inverted hanging” data pretreatment, normalization of data, and small sample data augmentation are carried out. A homogenization sampling method is proposed to extract training and testing samples. Experimental results show that IACO‐BP algorithm has better accuracy and stability in ammunition storage reliability prediction than BP network, PSO‐BP, and ACO‐BP algorithm.
Gas-Permeable Microimprint Template Derived from Cellulose Nanofiber Derivatives for Mechanical Properties
Authors: Murayama Seigo , Motono Ikuo , Mizui Kento , Kondoh Kenji , Hanabata Makoto , Takei Satoshi
Published: March 2019

A gas-permeable template has lower mechanical properties compared to non-gas-permeable metal templates. Therefore, it is difficult to mass-produce by increasing the area of the gas-permeable template. In this study, we have developed a new gas-permeable template with cellulose nanofiber (CNF) derivatives added to improve the mechanical properties of gas-permeable templates. The reinforcing effect by the CNF derivative added was investigated by a tensile test. As a result, it was shown that Young’s modulus was increased about 2 to 3 times by the addition of 2-5 wt% CNF derivative. Also, it was confirmed by confocal microscopic images that transferability and gas permeability of the gas-permeable template were not lost even when the CNF derivative was added.
Location Strategy for Traffic Emission Remote Sensing Monitors to Capture the Violated Emissions
Authors: Owais Mahmoud
Published: March 2019

Air contamination becomes an urgent problem to be considered as a result of the rapid growth in traffic all over the world. Traffic emissions differ from vehicle to vehicle depending on the vehicle type, production year, fuel octane number, and periodical maintenance of the vehicle. The majority of drivers do not revise their harmful vehicles emissions regularly. Therefore, effective tracking of high-emitting vehicles can be an important solution for reducing traffic air pollution. This study proposes a location strategy for vehicle remote sensing monitors aided with ID-plate recognizer to capture any violated vehicle emissions. The problem is formulated into a graph theory problem, and then a novel adapted metaheuristic algorithm is used to solve the problem. The methodology, using a benchmark problem, has managed to solve the problem to the optimality. Moreover, its robustness is measured statistically.
Apoptosis Transcriptional Profile Induced byPorphyromonas gingivalisHmuY
Authors: Carvalho-Filho Paulo C. , Moura-Costa Lilia F. , Pimentel Ana C. M. , Lopes Mabel P. P. , Freitas Sibelle A. , Miranda Patrícia M. , Costa Ryan S. , Figueirêdo Camila A. V. , Meyer Roberto , Gomes-Filho Isaac S. , Olczak Teresa , Xavier Márcia T. , Trindade Soraya C.
Published: March 2019

This study aimed at evaluating the transcriptional profile of apoptosis-related genes afterin vitrostimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) derived from individuals with periodontitis (P) and healthy nonperiodontitis (NP) control subjects withP. gingivalisHmuY protein. PBMCs from the P and NP groups were stimulated with HmuYP. gingivalisprotein, and the expression of genes related to apoptosis was assessed by custom real-time polymerase chain reaction array (Custom RT2PCR Array). Compared with the NP group, the P group showed low relative levels of apoptosis-related gene expression, downregulated for FAS, FAS ligand, TNFSF10 (TRAIL), BAK1, CASP9, and APAF1 afterP. gingivalisHmuY protein stimulation. Furthermore, the P group exhibited low levels of relative gene expression, downregulated for CASP7 when the cells were not stimulated. Our data suggest thatP. gingivalisHmuY protein might participate differently in the modulation of the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways.
MOOC Dropout Prediction Using a Hybrid Algorithm Based on Decision Tree and Extreme Learning Machine
Authors: Chen Jing , Feng Jun , Sun Xia , Wu Nannan , Yang Zhengzheng , Chen Sushing
Published: March 2019

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) have boomed in recent years because learners can arrange learning at their own pace. High dropout rate is a universal but unsolved problem in MOOCs. Dropout prediction has received much attention recently. A previous study reported the problem of learning behavior discrepancy leading to a wide range of fluctuation of prediction results. Besides, previous methods require iterative training which is time intensive. To address these problems, we propose DT‐ELM, a novel hybrid algorithm combining decision tree and extreme learning machine (ELM), which requires no iterative training. The decision tree selects features with good classification ability. Further, it determines enhanced weights of the selected features to strengthen their classification ability. To achieve accurate prediction results, we optimize ELM structure by mapping the decision tree to ELM based on the entropy theory. Experimental results on the benchmark KDD 2015 dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of DT‐ELM, which is 12.78%, 22.19%, and 6.87% higher than baseline algorithms in terms of accuracy, AUC, and F1‐score, respectively.
The Coarse‐Position‐Free Coarse‐Time Positioning Method for BDS Receiver
Authors: Shen Zilong , Liu Wenxiang , Wu Zhongwang , Peng Jing , Wang Feixue
Published: March 2019

The Coarse‐Time Positioning method is important for the quick positioning of the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) navigation receiver in the weak signal environment. The coarse position estimation is the key technology of the Coarse‐Time Positioning (CTP) for the BDS navigation receiver without coarse position assistance. In this paper, a Coarse‐Position‐Free Coarse‐Time Positioning method based on mixed‐type code phase ambiguity resolution is proposed. In this CTP method, in order to estimate the approximate position, the coarse position estimation method based on the mixed‐type code phase ambiguity search is used. This method does not require any additional external auxiliary position information to complete the coarse position estimation. Based on the real observation data and dynamic simulation observation data, the test experiment is designed. According to the error of coarse position estimation, the positioning accuracy, and the success rate of the coarse‐time solution, the Coarse‐Position‐Free Coarse‐Time Positioning (CPFCTP) method of the BDS receiver based on the mixed‐type code phase ambiguity resolution is evaluated. The experimental results show that, when the coarse‐time deviation is within 30 s, the CPFCTP method has a success rate of over 97%. When the coarse‐time deviation is within 5 s, the success rate of positioning is 100%. At the same time, the experimental results also show that, for the situation that the navigation signals of some BeiDou satellites are completely occluded, the CPFCTP method proposed in this paper can obtain the correct code phase ambiguity and still maintain a high success rate of CTP at the same time.
O-GlcNAcylation Enhances Double-Strand Break Repair, Promotes Cancer Cell Proliferation, and Prevents Therapy-Induced Senescence in Irradiated Tumors
Authors: Efimova Elena V. , Appelbe Oliver K. , Ricco Natalia , Lee Steve S.-Y. , Liu Yue , Wolfgeher Donald J. , Collins Tamica N. , Flor Amy C. , Ramamurthy Aishwarya , Warrington Sara , Bindokas Vytautas P. , Kron Stephen J.
Published: March 2019

The metabolic reprogramming associated with characteristic increases in glucose and glutamine metabolism in advanced cancer is often ascribed to answering a higher demand for metabolic intermediates required for rapid tumor cell growth. Instead, recent discoveries have pointed to an alternative role for glucose and glutamine metabolites as cofactors for chromatin modifiers and other protein posttranslational modification enzymes in cancer cells. Beyond epigenetic mechanisms regulating gene expression, many chromatin modifiers also modulate DNA repair, raising the question whether cancer metabolic reprogramming may mediate resistance to genotoxic therapy and genomic instability. Our prior work had implicated N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc) formation by the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) and resulting protein O-GlcNAcylation as a common means by which increased glucose and glutamine metabolism can drive double-strand break (DSB) repair and resistance to therapy-induced senescence in cancer cells. We have examined the effects of modulating O-GlcNAcylation on the DNA damage response (DDR) in MCF7 human mammary carcinoma in vitro and in xenograft tumors. Proteomic profiling revealed deregulated DDR pathways in cells with altered O-GlcNAcylation. Promoting protein O-GlcNAc modification by targeting O-GlcNAcase or simply treating animals with GlcNAc protected tumor xenografts against radiation. In turn, suppressing protein O-GlcNAcylation by blocking O-GlcNAc transferase activity led to delayed DSB repair, reduced cell proliferation, and increased cell senescence in vivo. Taken together, these findings confirm critical connections between cancer metabolic reprogramming, DDR, and senescence and provide a rationale to evaluate agents targeting O-GlcNAcylation in patients as a means to restore tumor sensitivity to radiotherapy.

Implications:

The finding that the HBP, via its impact on protein O-GlcNAcylation, is a key determinant of the DDR in cancer provides a mechanistic link between metabolic reprogramming, genomic instability, and therapeutic response and suggests novel therapeutic approaches for tumor radiosensitization.
Sobre invenções e capturas: lutas, educação física e currículo
Authors: Gonçalves Arisson Vinícius Landgraf , Silva Méri Rosane Santos da
Published: March 2019

Delimitado pelo tema da constituição recente das lutas como objeto desejado por currículos escolares e acadêmicos de Educação Física, este artigo tem por objetivo problematizar a produção das lutas enquanto um saber que tem merecido a dedicação de uma ordem discursiva acadêmica, científica e pedagógica. A partir de um movimento de pesquisa inspirado no referencial foucaultiano, foi ativado um exercício problematizador guiado por perguntas do tipo: como e por que as lutas se constituem enquanto parte do pensamento da Educação Física? Como resultado, pudemos observar as lutas enquanto o produto de capturas e processos inventivos que põem em funcionamento constantes práticas de significação acerca dos seus aspectos educativos. O destaque de alguns marcos constituintes dessa relação de pertencimento como a apropriação pelas correntes ginásticas e esportivas, sua inserção em currículos de formação e a disputa jurídica acerca de seu reconhecimento como mercado de trabalho, indicam processos descontínuos e contingentes pelos quais tais práticas se constituem em objeto de saber potente ao exercício de produção do conhecimento em Educação Física atualmente.
Organização curricular na Educação Física escolar:
Authors: Impolcetto Fernanda Moreto , Darido Suraya Cristina
Published: March 2019

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi elaborar e analisar o processo de construção coletiva de uma proposta de organização curricular para o conteúdo voleibol do 6º ao 9º anos do Ensino Fundamental. Utilizou-se como método a pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, com referencial teórico na pesquisa-ação, enfoque metodológico que permitiu a realização de onze encontros com seis professores de Educação Física que atuam em escolas e outras áreas com o ensino do voleibol. Como resultado dos encontros, os seguintes conteúdos foram selecionados para compor a organização curricular do voleibol: no 6º ano a história do voleibol, câmbio e minivôlei, toque, manchete e saque por baixo e a história do voleibol no Brasil; no 7º ano o mintonette, toque, manchete, saque por baixo, por cima e cortada, a evolução da regras do voleibol e sistema de jogo 6X0; no 8º ano as regras básicas, saque e recepção, cortada e defesa, sistema de jogo 6X0 com resolução de problemas e sistema de jogo 4X2; no 9º ano a linguagem do voleibol, variações do saque por cima, cortada e bloqueio, sistema de jogo 4X2 e o vôlei sentado. Considerando-se o diagnóstico inicial do que era ensinado pelos professores que participaram da pesquisa, conclui-se que as leituras e discussões realizadas nos encontros foram favoráveis à ampliação dos conteúdos do voleibol, especialmente em relação a determinados aspectos como o tratamento dos conteúdos a partir das três dimensões, a utilização das novas tendências para o ensino dos esportes coletivos a partir da compreensão tática do jogo e a proposição de temas diversos para o tratamento da modalidade no contexto escolar.
O perfil de liderança de treinadores de natação brasileiros de categorias de base
Authors: Costa Varley Teoldo , Bicalho Camila Cristina Fonseca , Faria Thania Mara Teixeira Rezende , Albuquerque Maicon Rodrigues , Andrade André Gustavo Pereira de , Noce Franco NOCE
Published: March 2019

Este estudo tem por objetivo avaliar a autopercepção de treinadores brasileiros de natação federados e verificar a existência de uma possível preferência destes profissionais por um determinado estilo de liderança de decisão e interação com seus atletas. A amostra foi composta por 66 treinadores com média de idade de 37,86 (±10,13) anos e média de tempo da prática profissional de 12,27 (±11,02) anos participantes de Campeonatos de Inverno organizados pela CBDA. Utilizou-se a Escala de Liderança Revisada para o Esporte (ELRE), versão autopercepção. Para análise estatística adotaram-se os testes de Friedman e o post hoc de Dunn com nível de significância de p<0,05. Os resultados evidenciaram que, quanto ao estilo de decisão, não houve diferença significativa entre os comportamentos autocrático e democrático (p=0,857). Quanto aos estilos de interação, observou-se que existem diferenças significativas entre os postos médios das dimensões treino-instrução e suporte social (p=0,032), reforço positivo e suporte social (p=0,037) e consideração situacional e suporte social (p=0,042) e que existe uma diferença significativa entre as dimensões: reforço positivo e consideração situacional (p=0,045). Conclui-se que o estilo decisão dos treinadores não pôde ser claramente delineado e que o estilo de interação está direcionado para ações que envolvem a melhoria do rendimento dos nadadores e incentivo ao alcance das metas estabelecidas.
O signo tático no futebol
Authors: Cavalcante Diego Frank Marques
Published: March 2019

A dinâmica do futebol profissional é marcada pelo rendimento e competitividade. Neste contexto, a tática é reconhecida como um aspecto decisivo para a eficácia do jogo. O objetivo deste artigo é contribuir para a investigação do comportamento tático no futebol por meio da abordagem semiótica. O propósito da semiótica é investigar os fenômenos através das ações dos signos. A função dos signos é tornar eficientes as relações ineficientes - a este processo inteligente dá-se o nome de semiose. Nesta abordagem, a tática é entendida como um signo coletivo. Este signo influencia formas específicas de orquestrar os movimentos dos jogadores. Um método semiótico que deve identificar e analisar esta ação do signo na tática do futebol é proposto. Para identificar efeitos dos processos de semiose é necessário observar regularidades nas formas de combinar os movimentos durante os jogos. Para a análise é necessário entender o contexto que aciona a semiose, os espaços do campo e os jogadores envolvidos, além da forma de combinar os deslocamentos entre os jogadores. Este método é utilizado para analisar um símbolo tático da seleção do Brasil que participou da copa do mundo da FIFA de 1970. O resultado da análise mostra que a ação de um dado signo tático é responsável por 42% dos gols brasileiros na copa do mundo de 1970.
Efeito dos diferentes intervalos de recuperação na percepção subjetiva de homens e mulheres
Authors: Alves Iara Corsini , Nascimento Thamiris Martins , Mendonça Juliana Da Silva , Carmo Jeberson Carlos do , Silva André Calil e , Silva Cíntia Duarte da , Silva Sandro Fernandes da
Published: March 2019

O tempo de intervalo entre as séries no exercício físico é uma variável que vem sendo utilizada como um meio de controle da intensidade e densidade do treinamento. Assim, o objetivo do estudo foi verificar a Percepção Subjetiva Esforço (PSE) em intervalos de recuperação (IRs) de 1 e 3 minutos durante 3 séries consecutivas no aparelho Leg Press 45° até a falha concêntrica momentânea entre homens e mulheres, utilizando-se da escala de OMNI-RES. Fizeram parte do estudo 14 voluntários, sendo 7 homens (22 anos ±3,14; 78 ±11,42Kg; 1,74m ±0,05) e 7 mulheres (23 anos ±3,76; 56,4Kg ±6,88; 1,63m ±0,07), ambos fisicamente ativos. Os dados foram coletados em dias alternados e de forma aleatorizada, respeitando um intervalo de 48 horas para realização da coleta da PSE. Para comprovar a distribuição da amostra foi utilizado o teste de Shapiro Wilk. Para identificar as diferenças entre o número de repetições e a PSE entre os gêneros foi adotado o teste de Mann-Whitney. Os resultados mostraram que na comparação entre os gêneros nas variáveis PSE, número de repetições e a soma do número de repetições nos dois intervalos estudados, não foi possível identificar diferença significativa entre os gêneros. Houve uma diminuição no número de repetições nos dois IRs, porém, não houve diferença significativa na PSE entre as séries em ambos os intervalos. A utilização da mesma para controle de intensidade para homens e mulheres, ainda é questionável, necessitando de mais estudos acerca do tema.
Intensidade de esforço realizado durante partidas amistosas de Futebol 7
Authors: Binatti Neto Reinaldo , Nunes Renan Felipe Hartmann , Arins Francimara Budal , Coelho Tiago Martins , Dittrich Naiandra , Santos Priscila Cristina dos , Lucas Ricardo Dantas de , Guglielmo Luiz Guilherme Antonacci
Published: March 2019

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a intensidade de esforço requerida durante 4 partidas amistosas e a distância percorrida em cada um dos domínios fisiológicos (moderado, pesado e severo). Dez jogadores adultos (25,2±3,7 anos; 72,0±8,9 kg; 175,3±6,9 cm; 12,4%±3,1 gordura) de uma equipe amadora de Futebol 7 participaram do estudo. Os participantes foram submetidos a cinco sessões experimentais com um intervalo de 48 horas para cada sessão. Na primeira sessão experimental foram realizadas medidas antropométricas seguidas de um teste incremental intermitente de campo (T-CAR) para a avaliação da frequência cardíaca máxima (FCMáx), pico de velocidade (PV) e identificação dos domínios fisiológicos a partir do ponto de deflexão da frequência cardíaca. Nas sessões seguintes, a frequência cardíaca (FC) e o perfil das atividades realizadas pelos jogadores (Sistema Global de Posicionamento - GPS) ou (global positioning system - GPS) foram mensurados durante quatro partidas amistosas. Para a análise estatística utilizou-se a ANOVA two way para medidas repetidas combinado com o teste de Bonferroni. Não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas nos valores médios da FC entre os jogos e entre o 1° tempo e 2° tempo. Em relação à distância percorrida, os resultados encontrados mostraram que os atletas permaneceram maior parte do tempo se exercitando no domínio moderado (664,2±62 m; 45,5%) quando comparado com o domínio pesado (437±45m m; 31,5%) e severo (284,3±66 m; 23,5%) (p<0,05). Entretanto, quando somados os valores de permanência nos domínios pesado e severo, podemos observar que mais de 50% do tempo total de jogo foram realizados em altas intensidades. Assim, pode-se concluir que o Futebol 7 é um esporte de alta demanda fisiológica.
Conhecimento sobre a presença da filmadora, níveis de ansiedade e desempenho motor global de crianças
Authors: Bassi Fabiana Monteiro , Castro Flávio de Souza , Basso Luciano , Neiva Jaqueline Freitas Oliveira , Meira Junior Cassio de Miranda
Published: March 2019

A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar o efeito do conhecimento sobre a presença da filmadora no desempenho de habilidades motoras fundamentais e a relação com os níveis de ansiedade em crianças. Participaram da pesquisa 31 crianças do sexo masculino, com idades entre 7 e 9 anos, as quais executaram seis habilidades motoras de locomoção e seis de controle de objeto do Teste de Desenvolvimento Motor Global 2 em duas situações, com a filmadora visível e com a filmadora oculta. O questionário de ansiedade traço-estado para crianças de Spielberger foi utilizado para medir os níveis de ansiedade antes e durante a realização do teste motor. Cada criança foi testada nas duas condições, com intervalo de três meses entre os momentos de coleta. Os testes t de Student para amostras dependentes indicaram desempenhos superiores para a condição de filmadora visível no subteste controle de objeto e no coeficiente motor geral. Em ambas as condições, o teste de qui-quadrado apontou que a maioria das crianças apresentou nível “muito pobre” de desenvolvimento motor global. Não foram encontradas correlações significativas entre ansiedade e desempenho motor. Os achados foram discutidos com base em teorias de motivação para o desempenho, fundamentalmente sobre aspectos relacionados à autodeterminação, fluxo e nível de ativação.
O DIREITO DE RESISTÊNCIA EM SPINOZA E A INSTITUCIONALIZAÇÃO DO DECRETO Nº 8243/14
Authors: Fagundes Dorival
Published: March 2019

Este trabalho tem o escopo de investigar o conceito de Direito de Resistência em Baruch de Spinoza, através da sua obra Tratado Político e de seus comentadores. Inicialmente a resistência é apresentada em diferentes visões, Hobbes e Locke, seguida pela tradição hegemônica da filosofia política e logo contraposta ao conceito de Desobediência Civil. Em seguida, Spinoza surge com sua perspectiva inovadora, não diferenciando resistir de obedecer, caso certas circunstâncias se apresentem no ambiente político, a partir de uma breve contextualização e análise do fundamento da Resistência neste autor, a potência da multidão. Por fim, busca-se o Decreto nº 8243/14 para submetê-lo a seguinte questão: pode este ser visto como uma institucionalização da Resistência, nos termos espinosanos?
O VULGO E A INTERPRETAÇÃO DA OBRA DE ESPINOSA
Authors: David Antônio
Published: March 2019

O artigo procura mostrar, com base no parágrafo 17 do Tratado da Emenda do Intelecto, a centralidade do conceito de vulgo para a interpretação da obra de Espinosa. Para tanto, discute-se a relação entre imagens e conceitos na teoria do conhecimento em Espinosa, bem como a relação entre linguagem e filosofia.
O CONCEITO DE JUSTIÇA DE MARILENA CHAUI
Authors: Andrade Fernando Dias
Published: March 2019

Marilena Chauí, entre 1977 e 1982, produziu uma série de textos de Filosofia Política que podem ser considerados marco inicial para uma longa e ainda ativa carreira de investigações socialistas acerca da democracia, da liberdade e, não menos importante, da justiça. Sua filosofia promove uma crítica às teorias liberais do Estado, ao nosso autoritarismo genuinamente brasileiro, aos inimigos da classe trabalhadora então dedicada a se auto-afirmar politicamente. Ao lado da crítica chauiana à justiça liberal, porém, penso ser o caso de identificar um conceito próprio de Justiça na obra de Chauí.
VICO E ESPINOSA: SOBRE AS VICISSITUDES DAS LÍNGUAS
Authors: Alavina Fran De Oliveira
Published: March 2019

Não obstante as críticas de Giambattista Vico ao pensamento de Espinosa, é possível estabelecer uma relação de proximidade entre os dois. Se as críticas distanciam, o interesse histórico-filológico aproxima. Com efeito, para o estabelecimento de certa convergência entre os propósitos filosóficos dos dois autores, elencam-se os seguintes pressupostos: i) tanto na Ciência Nova, quanto no Tratado Teológico-Político, a filologia não é apenas conhecimento textual das línguas, porém via de acesso à história de um povo, pois guarda as mutações temporais da vida civil e a memória do mundo de sentido no qual se gesta; ii) a língua não é uma criação do rigor do entendimento, isto é, não é criação dos filósofos, mas da imaginação, portanto do vulgo. Desse modo, toda via de acesso ao conhecimento do passado passa inevitavelmente pela potência da imaginação-fantasia: questão que interpela Espinosa na história dos hebreus e Vico na natureza comum das nações.
Enhanced Depolarization Drive in Failing Rabbit Ventricular Myocytes
Authors: Hegyi Bence , Morotti Stefano , Liu Caroline , Ginsburg Kenneth S. , Bossuyt Julie , Belardinelli Luiz , Izu Leighton T. , Chen-Izu Ye , Bányász Tamás , Grandi Eleonora , Bers Donald M.
Published: March 2019

Background:

Heart failure (HF) is characterized by electrophysiological remodeling resulting in increased risk of cardiac arrhythmias. Previous reports suggest that elevated inward ionic currents in HF promote action potential (AP) prolongation, increased short-term variability of AP repolarization, and delayed afterdepolarizations. However, the underlying changes in late Na
+
current (I
NaL
), L-type Ca
2+
current, and NCX (Na
+
/Ca
2+
exchanger) current are often measured in nonphysiological conditions (square-pulse voltage clamp, slow pacing rates, exogenous Ca
2+
buffers).

Methods:

We measured the major inward currents and their Ca
2+
- and β-adrenergic dependence under physiological AP clamp in rabbit ventricular myocytes in chronic pressure/volume overload–induced HF (versus age-matched control).

Results:

AP duration and short-term variability of AP repolarization were increased in HF, and importantly, inhibition of I
NaL
decreased both parameters to the control level. I
NaL
was slightly increased in HF versus control even when intracellular Ca
2+
was strongly buffered. But under physiological AP clamp with normal Ca
2+
cycling, I
NaL
was markedly upregulated in HF versus control (dependent largely on CaMKII [Ca
2+
/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II] activity). β-Adrenergic stimulation (often elevated in HF) further enhanced I
NaL
. L-type Ca
2+
current was decreased in HF when Ca
2+
was buffered, but CaMKII-mediated Ca
2+
-dependent facilitation upregulated physiological L-type Ca
2+
current to the control level. Furthermore, L-type Ca
2+
current response to β-adrenergic stimulation was significantly attenuated in HF. Inward NCX current was upregulated at phase 3 of AP in HF when assessed by combining experimental data and computational modeling.

Conclusions:

Our results suggest that CaMKII-dependent upregulation of I
NaL
in HF significantly contributes to AP prolongation and increased short-term variability of AP repolarization, which may lead to increased arrhythmia propensity, and is further exacerbated by adrenergic stress.
Prognostic Implications of Right Ventricular Free Wall Longitudinal Strain in Patients With Significant Functional Tricuspid Regurgitation
Authors: Prihadi Edgard A. , van der Bijl Pieter , Dietz Marlieke , Abou Rachid , Vollema E. Mara , Marsan Nina Ajmone , Delgado Victoria , Bax Jeroen J.
Published: March 2019

Background

In patients with significant functional tricuspid regurgitation, timely detection of right ventricular (RV) dysfunction with conventional 2-dimensional echocardiography is challenging, whereas speckle-tracking echocardiography RV free wall longitudinal strain has been proposed as better prognosticator. We evaluated the prevalence and prognostic value of impaired RV free wall longitudinal strain in patients with significant functional tricuspid regurgitation, in comparison with tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) and fractional area change (FAC).

Methods

Eight hundred ninety-six patients (51.3% men, 71 years [62–78 years]) with significant functional tricuspid regurgitation were divided according to the presence of RV dysfunction (defined as TAPSE <17 mm, FAC <35%, and RV free wall longitudinal strain >−23%) and were followed for the occurrence of all-cause mortality.

Results

RV free wall longitudinal strain identified the highest percentage of RV dysfunction (84.9%), in comparison to FAC (48.5%) and TAPSE (71.7%). During a median follow-up of 2.8 years (1.3–5.4 years), 443 (49.4%) patients died. Compared with survivors, nonsurvivors showed worse RV systolic dysfunction (FAC=36.5±12.7% versus 33.9±11.8%,
P
=0.001; TAPSE=15.4±5.0 versus 14.0±4.5 mm,
P
<0.001; RV free wall longitudinal strain=−15.9±7.5% versus −12.9±6.8%,
P
<0.001). Cumulative event-free survival was significantly worse in patients with decreased FAC, decreased TAPSE, and impaired RV free wall longitudinal strain. On multivariate analysis, RV free wall longitudinal strain was independently associated with all-cause mortality and incremental to FAC and TAPSE.

Conclusions

In significant tricuspid regurgitation, impaired RV free wall longitudinal strain identifies higher rates of RV dysfunction and is associated with worse outcome beyond conventional echocardiographic parameters of RV systolic function.
Do-Not-Resuscitate Status and Risk-Standardized Mortality and Readmission Rates Following Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Bruckel Jeffrey , Nallamothu Brahmajee K. , Ling Frederick , Howell Erik H. , Lowenstein Charles J. , Thomas Sabu , Bradley Steven M. , Mehta Anuj , Walkey Allan J.
Published: March 2019

Background

Important administrative-based measures of hospital quality, including those used by Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, may not adequately account for patient illness and social factors that vary between hospitals and can strongly affect outcomes. Do-not-resuscitate (DNR) order on admission (within the first 24 hours) is one such factor that may reflect higher preadmission illness burden as well as patients’ desire for less-intense therapeutic interventions and has been shown to vary widely between hospitals. We sought to evaluate how accounting for early DNR affected hospital quality measures for acute myocardial infarction.

Methods AND RESULTS

We identified all patients admitted with acute myocardial infarction using the California State Inpatient Database, which captures early DNR use within 24 hours of admission. We generated hospital risk-standardized mortality and readmissions using random-effects logistic regression, before and after including early DNR status, to examine changes in overall model fit and hospital outlier designations. We included 109 521 patients from 289 hospitals and found that 8.5% (9356) patients had early DNR. Early DNR use varied widely, with median (interquartile range) hospital rates of 7.9% (4.1%–14.0%). Including early DNR in models used to assess hospital quality resulted in improvement in the mortality model (C statistics from 0.754 [0.748–0.759] to 0.784 [0.779–0.789]) but not the readmissions model. Of the hospitals designated high outliers for mortality and readmissions by the Centers for Medicare/Medicaid Services model, and therefore destined for a financial penalty, 6/25 (24%) were reclassified as nonoutliers for mortality and 2/14 (14.3%) for readmissions after including DNR status. Agreement in outlier status between the models before and after inclusion of early DNR status was moderate for mortality (κ, 0.603 [0.482–0.724];
P
<0.001) and high for readmissions (κ, 0.888 [0.800–0.977];
P
<0.001).

Conclusions

Including early DNR status in risk-adjustment models significantly improved model fit and resulted in substantial reclassification of hospital performance rankings for mortality and moderate reclassification for readmissions. DNR status at hospital admission should be considered when reporting risk-standardized hospital mortality.
Sex-Specific Determinants of Outcomes After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Pighi Michele , Piazza Nicolo , Martucci Giuseppe , Lachapelle Kevin , Perrault Louis P. , Asgar Anita W. , Lauck Sandra , Webb John G. , Popma Jeffrey J. , Kim Dae H. , Lefèvre Thierry , Labinaz Marino , Lamy Andre , Peterson Mark D. , Arora Rakesh C. , Noiseux Nicolas , Trnkus Amanda , Afilalo Jonathan
Published: March 2019

Background

Women account for a large proportion of patients treated with transcatheter aortic valve replacement, yet there remain conflicting reports about the effect of sex on outcomes. Moreover, the sex-specific prevalence and prognostic impact of frailty has not been systematically studied in the context of transcatheter aortic valve replacement.

Methods and Results

A preplanned analysis of the FRAILTY-AVR study (Frailty Aortic Valve Replacement) was performed to analyze the determinants of outcomes in older women and men undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement. FRAILTY-AVR was a multinational, prospective, observational cohort assembled at 14 institutions in North America and Europe from 2012 to 2017. Multivariable logistic regression models were stratified by sex and adjusted for covariates. Interaction between sex and each of these covariates was assessed. The primary outcome was 12-month mortality, and the secondary outcome was 1-month composite mortality or major morbidity. The cohort consisted of 340 women and 419 men. Women were older and had higher predicted risk of mortality. Women were more likely to have physical frailty traits, but not cognitive or psychosocial frailty traits, and global indices of frailty were similarly associated with adverse events regardless of sex. Women were more likely to require discharge to a rehabilitation facility, particularly those with physical frailty at baseline, although their functional status was similar to men at 12 months. The risk of 1-month mortality or major morbidity was greater in women, particularly those treated with larger prostheses. The risk of 12-month mortality was not greater in women, with the exception of those with pulmonary hypertension, in whom, there was a significant interaction for increased mortality.

Conclusions

The present study highlights sex-specific differences in older adults undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement and draws attention to the impact of physical frailty in women and their potential risk associated with oversized prostheses and pulmonary hypertension.
Longterm Exercise-Derived Exosomal miR-342-5p
Authors: Hou Zuoxu , Qin Xinghua , Hu Yuanyuan , Zhang Xing , Li Guohua , Wu Jie , Li Jia , Sha Jianding , Chen Jiangwei , Xia Jielai , Wang Lifeng , Gao Feng
Published: March 2019

Rationale:

Exercise training, in addition to reducing cardiovascular risk factors, confers direct protection against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and has been associated with improved heart attack survival in humans. However, the underlying mechanisms of exercise-afforded cardioprotection are still unclear.

Objective:

To investigate the role of exercise-derived circulating exosomes in cardioprotection and the molecular mechanisms involved.

Methods and Results:

Circulating exosomes were isolated from the plasma of volunteers with or without exercise training and rats subjected to 4-week swim exercise or sedentary littermates 24 hours after the last training session. Although the total circulating exosome level did not change significantly in exercised subjects 24 hours post-exercise compared with the sedentary control, the isolated plasma exosomes from exercised rats afforded remarkable protection against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. miRNA sequencing combined with quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction validation identified 12 differentially expressed miRNAs from the circulating exosomes of exercised rats, among which miR-342-5p stood out as the most potent cardioprotective molecule. Importantly, the cardioprotective effects and the elevation of exosomal miR-342-5p were also observed in exercise-trained human volunteers. Moreover, inhibition of miR-342-5p significantly blunted the protective effects of exercise-derived circulating exosomes in hypoxia/reoxygenation cardiomyocytes; in vivo cardiac-specific inhibition of miR-342-5p through serotype 9 adeno-associated virus–mediated gene delivery attenuated exercise-afforded cardioprotection in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion rats. Mechanistically, miR-342-5p inhibited hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis via targeting
Caspase 9
and
Jnk2
; it also enhanced survival signaling (p-Akt) via targeting phosphatase gene
Ppm1f
. Of note, exercise training or laminar shear stress directly enhanced the synthesis of miR-342-5p in endothelial cells.

Conclusions:

Our findings reveal a novel endogenous cardioprotective mechanism that long-term exercise-derived circulating exosomes protect the heart against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury via exosomal miR-342-5p.
Protective Role of RNA Helicase DEAD-Box Protein 5 in Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Vascular Remodeling
Authors: Fan Ye , Chen Yikuan , Zhang Jing , Yang Feng , Hu Yanhua , Zhang Li , Zeng Chunyu , Xu Qingbo
Published: March 2019

Rationale:

RNA helicases, highly conserved enzymes, are currently believed to be not only involved in RNA modulation, but also in other biological processes. We recently reported that RNA helicase DDX (DEAD-box protein)-5 is required for maintaining the homeostasis of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). However, the expression and function of RNA helicase in vascular physiology and disease is unknown.

Objective:

To investigate the role of RNA helicase in vascular diseases.

Methods and Results:

We showed here that DDX-5 was the most abundant DEAD-box protein expressed in human and rodent artery, which mainly located in SMCs. It was demonstrated that DDX-5 levels were reduced in cytokine-stimulated SMCs and vascular lesions. DDX-5 knocking down or deficiency increased SMC proliferation and migration, whereas overexpression of DDX-5 prevented aberrant proliferation and migration of SMCs. Mechanistic studies revealed transcription factor GATA (GATA-binding protein)-6 as a novel downstream target of DDX-5, which directly interacted with GATA-6 and protected it from MDM (mouse double minute)-2–mediated degradation. Our ChIP assay identified a previously unreported binding of p27
Kip1
promoter to GATA-6. DDX-5 increased the recruitment of GATA-6 to p27
Kip1
promoter, which enhanced p27
Kip1
expression and maintained SMC quiescence. Finally, we showed exacerbated neointima formation in DDX-5 SMC-deficient mice after femoral artery injury, whereas overexpression of DDX-5 potently inhibited vascular remodeling in balloon-injured rat carotid artery.

Conclusions:

These findings provide the first evidence for a role of RNA helicase DDX-5 in the protection against SMC proliferation, migration, and neointimal hyperplasia. Our data extend the fundamental role of RNA helicase beyond RNA modulation, which provides the basic information for new therapeutic strategies for vascular diseases.