bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improvement in detecting and localizing intracranial hemorrhage lesions using the active learning concept and probabilistic CAM heatmap
Authors: Saiviroonporn Pairash , Chiewvit Pipat , Tritrakarn Siri-On , Pittayakanchit Weerapat , Chomphuphun Ananya , Songsaeng Dittapong , Siriapisith Thanogchai , Tongdee Trongtum
Published: April 2023

Background
Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) treatment requires a prompt diagnosis based on a CT scan evaluation by a radiologist. Manually analyzing the images is complex and time-consuming. Deep-learning techniques have been successfully applied to assist radiologists with this task. We further improved the detection and localization of ICH lesions without subtype classification using the active learning concept and the Probabilistic CAM (PCAM) heatmap.
Methods
The train set of the second stage 2019-RSNA ICH data set was randomly separated into the train (712,803 slices), validate (20,000), and test (20,000) data sets and interpolated from 512 into 256, 1024, and 2048 image resolutions. All resolutions were scaled to RGB channels according to their subdural, brain, and bone windows and used in a DenseNet-121 2D-CNN classifier with the PCAM technique for localization using ICH labels. The point closest-to-(0,1) corner approach was used to find a cutoff point of the training data set on each image resolution and applied the cutoff value to the validate and test data sets to calculate performance metrics. Two neuroradiologists reevaluated the mismatched data between the RSNA labels and prediction outcomes on the test data set and reassigned labels when the evaluations agreed with the prediction outcomes. Both radiologists also evaluated the usefulness of the PCAM heatmap to localize ICH lesions into three categories: not useful (Poor), functional (Acceptable), and valuable (Good) grades. The improvement in ICH detection after reassigned RSNA labels was measured by AUROC and AUPRC. McNemar’s test determined whether image resolution would have a similar detection outcome with a significant level at P < 0.05.
Results
The study found that detecting ICH at 512 and 1024 resolutions gave a comparable performance and was significantly higher than at 256 and 2048 resolutions. However, their AUROC and AUPRC were still in the same range of 0.98 and 0.93, respectively. After reevaluation, 55% (471 from 859 FP) and 51% (114 from 225 FN) of the test data set were relabeled. Furthermore, using the same cutoff value, the AUROC and AUPRC can be increased by 1.1% (0.984 vs. 0.995) and 5.3% (0.932 vs. 0.981), respectively. The PCAM heatmaps obtained a Good grade of around 86%, 37% and 0% at 2048, 1024, and 512 resolutions, respectively.
Conclusion
Image resolution has a minor effect on altering the ICH detection performance, while reassessing the RSNA labels can significantly improve the performance. PCAM heatmaps can better localize the boundary regions of the ICH lesion at higher resolutions, with the best result in 2048.
An Estimation Algorithm of Doppler Frequency for LEO Satellite Signals under Low SNR and Large Frequency Offset
Authors: Shi Lei , Yao Bo , Liu Yanfei , Li Xiaoping , Yang Jun
Published: April 2023

Accurate frequency offset estimation is the key to correct receiving of low-Earth-orbit (LEO) satellite signals. Under the circumstances of low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and large frequency offset, conventional estimation algorithms for frequency offset are limited by their estimation range and/or SNR threshold, for which reason the estimation accuracy cannot achieve the ideal error probability. Based on joint iterative method, this study proposes an improved joint estimation algorithm for frequency offset. Specifically, the coarse estimation stage takes advantage of the wide estimation range of M&M algorithm, thereby enlarging the estimation range of the proposed algorithm while improving the estimation accuracy of the M&M algorithm through conducting iterative estimation. The fine estimation stage integrates the high estimation accuracy of L&R algorithm to capture the residual frequency offset after accomplishing the coarse estimation, reducing the estimation error within low SNR region while lowering the SNR threshold of the proposed algorithm. The simulation results suggest that the proposed algorithm outperforms the commonly used conventional ones in estimating the frequency offset of LEO satellite signals with wide estimation range and low SNR threshold.
RETRACTED: An efficient framework for application layer DDoS attack detection and mitigation for Mobile Ad Hoc Network
Authors: SALUNKE KIRAN , Kurumbanshi Suresh
Published: April 2023

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Senescent cardiomyocytes contribute to cardiac dysfunction following myocardial infarction.
Authors: Redgrave Rachael , Dookun Emily , Booth Laura , Folaranm Omowumi , Tual-Chalot Simon , Gill Jason , Owens Andrew , Spyridopoulos Ioakim , Passos Joao , Richardson Gavin
Published: April 2023

Myocardial infarction is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. While reperfusion is now standard therapy, pathological remodeling leading to heart failure remains a clinical problem. Cellular senescence has been shown to contribute to disease pathophysiology and treatment with the senolytic navitoclax attenuates inflammation, reduces adverse myocardial remodeling and results in improved functional recovery. However, it remains unclear which senescent cell populations contribute to these processes. To identify whether senescent cardiomyocytes contribute to disease pathophysiology post-myocardial infarction, we established a transgenic model in which p16 (CDKN2A) expression was specifically knocked-out in the cardiomyocyte population. Following myocardial infarction, mice lacking cardiomyocyte p16 expression demonstrated no difference in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy but exhibited improved cardiac function and significantly reduced scar size in comparison to control animals. This data demonstrates that senescent cardiomyocytes participate in pathological myocardial remodeling. Importantly, inhibition of cardiomyocyte senescence led to reduced senescence-associated inflammation and decreased senescence-associated markers within other myocardial lineages, consistent with the hypothesis that cardiomyocytes promote pathological remodeling by spreading senescence to other cell-types. Collectively this study presents a novel demonstration that senescent cardiomyocytes are major contributors to myocardial remodeling and dysfunction following a myocardial infarction. Therefore, to maximize the potential for clinical translation, it is important to further understand the mechanisms underlying cardiomyocyte senescence and how to optimize senolytic strategies to target this cell lineage.
Wake Characterization of Building Clusters Immersed in Atmospheric Boundary Layers
Authors: Mishra Abhishek , Placidi Marco , Carpentieri Matteo , Robins Alan
Published: April 2023

Wind tunnel experiments were conducted to understand the effect of building array size (N), aspect ratio (AR), and the spacing between building (WS) on the mean structure and decay of their wakes. Arrays of size 3×3, 4×4,and 5×5, AR = 4, 6, and 8, and WS = 0.5WB, 1WB, 2WB and 4WB (where WB is the building width) were considered. Three different wake regimes behind the clusters were identified: near-, transition-, and far-wake regimes. The results suggest that the spatial extent of these wake regimes is governed by the overall array width (WA). The effects of individual buildings are observed to be dominant in the near-wake regime (0 < x/WA < 0.5) where individual wakes appear behind each building. These wakes are observed to merge together in the ‘transition wake region’ (0.5 < x/WA < 1.5), forming a combined wake in which the individual contributions are no longer apparent. In the far-wake regime (x/WA > 1.5), the wake characteristics and scales of building clusters wakes are similar to those downstream of a single isolated building. Accordingly, new local and global scaling parameters in the near- and far-wake regimes are introduced. The decay of the centreline velocity deficit is then modelled as a function of the three parameters considered in the experiment.
Exploratory Laparotomy During the Battle of Mosul, 2016–2017: Results from a Tertiary Civilian Hospital in Erbil, Iraqi Kurdistan
Authors: Muhrbeck Måns , Egelko Aron , Haweizy Rawand Musheer , von Schreeb Johan , Älgå Andreas
Published: April 2023

Background:
The Battle of Mosul (2016–2017) was an urban conflict resulting in over 9000s civilian deaths. Emergency Management Centre (EMC), located 90km from Mosul, was designated as a civilian-run trauma centre as part of the novel Mosul Trauma Pathway. Patients necessitating ex-lap provide a unique window into the system of care delivery in conflicts, given the importance of timely, resource-intensive care. However, there is insufficient knowledge regarding the presentation and outcomes for conflict-related ex-lap in civilian institutions.
Methods:
This is a descriptive study using routinely collected data for all patients who underwent ex-lap at EMC for injuries sustained during the battle of Mosul. Differences in demographics, pre-hospital/hospital course, and New Injury Severity Scores (NISS) were analysed using student t-test, Hotelling T-squared, and linear regression.
Results:
During the battle, 1832 patients with conflict-related injuries were admitted to EMC. Some 73/1832 (4.0%) underwent ex-lap, of whom 22/73 (30.1%) were children and 40/73 (54.8%) were non-combatant adults. Men constituted 51/73 (69%) patients. Bullets caused 19/73 (26.0%) injuries, while ordnances caused 52/73 (71.2%). Information regarding hospital course was available for 47/73 (64.4%) patients. Children had prolonged time from injury to first laparotomy compared to adults (600 vs 208 minutes, p<0.05). Median LOS was 6 days (IQR 4–9.5); however, 11/47 (23%) patients left against medical advice. Post-operative complications occurred in 11/47 (23.4%) patients; 6/11 (54.5%) were surgical site infections. There were 12 (25.5%) patients who underwent relaparotomies after index surgery elsewhere; 10/12 (83.3%) were for failed repairs or missed injuries. Median NISS was 18 (IQR 12–27). NISS were significantly higher for women (vs men; 28.5 vs 19.8), children (vs adults; 28.8 vs 20), and relaparotomy patients (vs primary laparotomy patients; 32.0 vs 19.0). Some 3 patients died, 2 of whom were relaparotomies.
Conclusion:
At this civilian tertiary trauma centre, conflict-related exploratory laparotomies were associated with low morbidity and mortality. Long transport times, high rates of repeat laparotomies, and high numbers of patients leaving against medical advice raise questions regarding continuity of care along the Mosul Trauma Pathway.
Registration: The study protocol was registered at Clinicaltrails.gov, ID NCT03490305, prior to collection of data.
An Evaluative Baseline for Sentence-Level Semantic Division
Authors: Cai Kuangsheng , Chen Zugang , Guo Hengliang , Wang Shaohua , Li Guoqing , Li Jing
Published: April 2023

Semantic folding theory (SFT) is an emerging cognitive science theory that aims to explain how the human brain processes and organizes semantic information, and the distribution of text into semantic grids is key to SFT. We proposed the Sentence-Level Semantic Division Baseline with 100 grids (SSDB − 100), the only dataset we are currently aware of that performs a relevant validation of the sentence-level semantic folding theory algorithm, to test the validity of text distribution in semantic grids. In this article, we describe the construction of SSDB-100. Firstly, a semantic division questionnaire with broad coverage was generated by limiting the uncertainty range of the topics and the corpus. Then, through an expert survey, 11 human experts gave us feedback. Finally, we analyzed and processed the feedback, the average consistency index for the used feedback was 0.856 after eliminating the invalid feedback. With 100 semantic grids and 3215 sentences, the SSDB-100 is not only suitable for verifying semantic folding algorithms, but also for text clustering tasks.
Enhancing Depression Detection through Advanced Text Analysis: Integrating BERT, Autoencoder, and LSTM Models
Authors: Firoz Neda , Beresteneva Olga Grigorievna , Vladimirovich Aksyonov Sergey , Tahsin Mohammad Sadman
Published: April 2023

Depression is a austere medical ailment that upsets numerous people worldwide, causing a persistent decrease in mood and significantly impacting their emotions. The article focuses on utilizing BERT techniques and Autoencoders to detect depression from text data, considering gender differences. The work stresses on feature engineering of text data provided by benchmark dataset DAIC_WOZ. We experiment with BERT embeddings that encodes the meaning of text to derive text features. They are then fused with the help of Autoencoders with other parametric features from PHQ-8 survey responses, absolutist word count and gender information. The study found that incorporating this information significantly enhances the functioning of the model. The proposed method outperformed the baseline models. We emphasize the potential of machine learning for mental health research that considers gender differences. We report 98.6% accuracy demonstrated by our method. We found the mean absolute error (MAE) as 0.19 and root mean squared error (RMSE) as 0.282 which signifies the high performance of our proposed method for binary depression classification.
Effect of various fertilizers and salicylic acid on induced resistance of citrus against Panonychus citri (McGregor) (Acari; Tetranychidae)
Authors: Mahpuya Zahra , Razmjou Jabraeil , Aqajanzadeh Siroos , Fathi Seyed Ali Asghar , Hasanpour Mahdi
Published: April 2023

The citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (McGregor), is one of the important pests of citrus trees. The use of non-selective and broad-spectrum insecticides leads to reduce in the natural enemy pressure on this pest and transforms P. citri into the main pest. Thus, there is a great need to replace efficient and sustainable strategies of pest management that conserve natural enemies and has less risk to the environment. In the present study, the induction of resistance was carried out in two-year-old citrus seedlings using a foliar application of amino acid, humic acid, potassium, vermiwash, and Salicylic acid either individually or in combination against P. citri. Our data indicated a lower survival rate, longer immature duration, shorter adult longevity, and lower fecundity due to an increase in the resistance of citrus. In individual treatments, the developmental time of immature stages, survival, and fecundity was significantly smaller in combined treatments, intermediate in individual treatments, and greater in control and vermiwash treatments. Correspondingly, some population growth parameters of P. citri such as net reproductive rate, intrinsic rate of increase, finite rate of increase, and generation time, all were lower when the mites fed on combined treatments, especially on potassium + salicylic acid with the lowest performance. Our results suggest that the induction of resistance in citrus trees with a combination of fertilizer and SA leads to a significant reduction in damage to the citrus red mite.
Variable Chaplygin Gas: Constraints from Supernovae and Gravitational Wave Merger Events
Authors: Chraya Ashley , Muralichandran Yuvraj , SETHI GEETANJALI
Published: April 2023

We investigate the cosmological constraints on the Variable Chaplygin gas model from the latest observational data: SCP Union 2.1 compilation dataset of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), Pantheon sample of SNe Ia, and GWTC-3 of gravitational wave merger events. The Variable Chaplygin gas is a model of interacting dark matter and dark energy, which interpolates from a dust-dominated era to a quintessence- dominated era. The Variable Chaplygin gas model is shown to be compatible with Type Ia Supernovae and gravitational merger data. We have obtained tighter constraints on cosmological parameters Bs and n, using the Pantheon sample. By using the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method on the Pantheon sample, we obtain Bs=0.108 ± 0.034, n=1.157 ± 0.513 and H0=70.020 ± 0.407 and on GWTC-3, we obtain Bs=0.130 ± 0.076, n=0.897 ± 1.182 and H0=69.838 ± 3.007.
Evaluation of the image contrast of 3D-time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography at 1.5 T
Authors: Hayashi Aika , Arai Nobuyuki , Muto Hiroe , Ito Masamichi , Nakaya Koji
Published: April 2023

Background: In the three-dimensional time-of-flight (3D-TOF)
magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), we evaluated whether the
blood flow signal created by the prevention of saturation in blood
flow passing through the slab could be more efficiently
obtained.

Methods: Using the 3D-TOF method, we determined the effects
that changes in slab thickness and flip Angle (FA) had on blood
flow signal. Circular regions of interest were set on the basilar
artery and cerebral parenchyma and the mean signal level was
measured. The TOF contrast was calculated from the change in the
mean signal level of the measured blood vessel and cerebral
parenchyma.

Results: Using an FA of 20°, slab thicknesses of 12, 14, 16,
and 22 mm were compared, and TOF contrast was found to show
significant differences (p<0.05). With an FA of 25°, a
significant difference was found between a slab thickness of 22 mm
and all other slabs thicknesses (p<0.05). Using an FA of 30°, we
compared slab thicknesses of 20 mm or more with those of 16 mm or
less, and the TOF contrast showed significantly higher values
(p<0.05).

Conclusion: The TOF contrast increased when the FA was high,
with the results also depending on the slab thickness.
Research on the fatigue crack growth behavior of Zr/Ti/steel composite plate with a crack normal to interface
Authors: Zhou Binbin , Yuan Jie , Song Haichao , Zhou Liangfu , Chang Le , Zhou Changyu , Ye Cheng , Zhang Bojun
Published: April 2023

Current work reveals the influence of loading parameters on the crack growth behavior of Zr/Ti/steel composite plate with a crack perpendicular to the interface by using experiment and finite element method. Finite element results reveal that loading parameters significantly affect hysteresis loop of Zr/Ti/steel composite plate, stress amplitude and the plastic strain accumulation degree of subsequent cyclic loading under different loading parameters. In addition, equivalent plastic strain at crack tip, its change rate and distribution are also explored in detail. Furthermore, it is also found that the elastic-plastic mismatch will also affect the plastic evolution, that is, strengthen or weaken the effect of loading parameters.
Effects of natural ageing on the quality of cellulose polymer and the paper properties
Authors: Alam Izhar , Kumar Anuj , Sharma Chhaya
Published: April 2023

Paper made from cellulose fibers has a life of its own and will begin to break over time due to auto-oxidation and hydrolysis. In this study we, sought to investigate the effect of natural ageing on the properties of cellulose fibres and therefore on the strength properties of paper. It has been observed that, the content of twisted fibres about 28–41% in mechanical pulp and from 27–34% in chemical pulp, which could resulted in a decrease in the strength properties of the paper. Elongation of a mechanical pulp sheets before the break was found to be increased approximately from 1.45 to 5.72%, correspondingly the tensile energy absorption (TEA) was found to be increased from 14.5 to 58.1 J/m2. Carbonyl groups are the intermediate or end products of cellulose degradation, which indicates the ageing of a paper. More carbonyl groups are identified in the mechanical pulp sheets with respect to chemical pulp sheets. When the paper was subjected to natural ageing the pH was increased from neutral pH-7 to 9, but the effect was acknowledged lower in mechanical pulp sheets.
Mapping Awareness-Raising and Capacity-Building Materials on Developmental Disabilities for Non-Specialists: a Review of the Academic and Grey Literature
Authors: Genovesi Elisa , Yao Yuan Ishtar , Mitchell Emily , Arad Michal , Diamant Victoria , Panju Areej , Hanlon Charlotte , Tekola Bethlehem , Hoekstra Rosa Anna
Published: April 2023

Most children with developmental disabilities (DD), such as intellectual disabilities and autism, live in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where services are usually limited. Various governmental, non-governmental and research organisations in LMICs have developed awareness-raising campaigns and training and education resources on DD in childhood relevant to LMICs. This study aimed to comprehensively search and review freely available materials in the academic and grey literature, aimed at awareness raising, training and education on DD among non-specialist professionals and community members in LMICs. We consulted 183 experts, conducted key-word searches in five academic databases, four grey-literature databases and seventeen customised Google search engines. Following initial screening we manually searched relevant systematic reviews, lists of resources and conducted forwards and backwards citation checks of included articles. We identified 7327 articles and resources after deduplication. We then used a rigorous multi-step screening process to select 78 training resources on DD relevant to LMICs, of which 43 aimed at informing and/or raising awareness DD, 16 highlighted specific strategies for staff in health settings and 19 in education settings. Our mapping analysis revealed that a wealth of materials is available for both global and local use, including comics, children’s books, flyers, posters, fact sheets, blogs, videos, websites pages, social media channels, handbooks and self-education guides, and training programmes or sessions. Twelve resources were developed for cross-continental or global use in LMICs, 19 were developed for and/or used in Africa, 23 in Asia, 24 in Latin America. Most resources were developed within the context where they were intended to be used. Identified gaps included a limited range of resources on intellectual disabilities, manuals for actively delivering training to staff in education settings and resources targeted at eastern European LMICs. Beyond identifying these gaps, the value of the review lies in the compilation of summary tables of information on all freely available resources found, to support their selection and use in wider contexts. Information on the resource content, country of original development and copyright is provided to facilitate resource sharing and uptake.
Apatinib combined with olaparib induces ferroptosis via a p53-dependent manner in ovarian cancer
Authors: Wang Yue , Gu Yupeng , Cao Jun , Jiang Kui
Published: April 2023

Objective：PARP inhibitors combined with antiangiogenic drugs have been reported to improve outcomes in BRCA wild-type ovarian cancer patients, the mechanism of the combination is unclear. In this study, we explored the mechanism of apatinib combined with olaparib in the treatment of ovarian cancer.
Methods: In this study, human ovarian cancer cell lines A2780 and OVCAR3 were used as experimental objects, and the expression of ferroptosis related protein GPX4 after treatment with apatinib and olaparib was detected by Western blot. The SuperPred database was used to predict the target of the combined action of apatinib and olaparib, and the predicted results were verified by Western blot experiment to explore the mechanism of ferroptosis induced by apatinib and olaparib.
Results:Apatinib combined with olaparib induced ferroptosis in p53 wild-type cells, and p53 mutant cells developed drug resistance. The p53 activator RITA sensitized drug-resistant cells to ferroptosis induced by apatinib combined with olaparib. Apatinib combined with olaparib induced ferroptosis via a p53-dependent manner in ovarian cancer. Further studies showed that apatinib combined with olaparib induced ferroptosis by inhibiting the expression of Nrf2 and autophagy, thereby inhibiting the expression of GPX4. The Nrf2 activator RTA408 and the autophagy activator rapamycin rescued the combination drug-induced ferroptosis.
Conclusion:This discovery revealed the specific mechanism of ferroptosis induced by apatinib combined with olaparib in p53 wild-type ovarian cancer cells and provided a theoretical basis for the clinical combined use of apatinib and olaparib in p53 wild-type ovarian cancer patients.
Efficacy and tolerability of Sotrovimab, Molnupiravir and Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir for non-hospitalized patients at high risk for COVID-19: a retrospective, single-center analysis.
Authors: Kauer Victoria , wenisch christoph , Totschnig David , Augustin Max , Karolyi Mario , Zoufaly Alexander , Naegeli Michelle
Published: April 2023

Background
The use of outpatient antiviral treatment for high-risk patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is crucial in preventing progression to severe COVID-19 and reducing hospitalization rates.
Objective
The main goal of this retrospective, single-center analysis was to assess the feasibility and potential clinical impact of an outpatient administration of various available antiviral agents including sotrovimab (SOT), nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (N/R), molnupiravir (MOL) to COVID-19 patients at high risk for disease progression. In addition, hospital admission rates between groups. side effects and subjective treatment effects were assessed.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective analysis on 2606 outpatient individuals with mild to moderate COVID-19 at risk for disease progression, hospitalization, or death. After receiving either SOT (420/2606), MOL (1788/2606) or N/R (398/2606), patients were followed- up with regard to primary (hospitalization rate) and secondary (treatment and side effects) outcomes by phone.
Result
A total of 2606 patients were treated at the outpatient clinic, of whom 420 were treated with SOT, 398 with N/R and 1788 with MOL. 10 patients (3.2%) who were treated with SOT were later hospitalized and 1 patient had to be admitted to the ICU. In comparison, 11 patients (0.8%) who received MOL were admitted to hospital (2 admissions to the intensive care unit (ICU). No hospital/ICU admission was registered for patients who received N/R. In contrast, 46 patients (14.3%) who received N/R reported strong to severe side effects, exceeding SOT with 2.6% of the patients (8 patients in total) and MOL with 5% (69 patients) reporting strong to severe side effects. A reduction in COVID symptoms after the medication administration was experienced by 43% (132 patients) in the SOT group, 43% (572 patients) in the MOL group and 67% (115 patients) in the N/R group, respectively. In over 60-year-olds and chronic kidney disease, no subjective symptom improvement is to be expected with MOL. Women have a 1.2 elevated chance of symptom improvement with treatment with MOL.
Conclusion
Hospitalization rates in high-risk patients who received SOT, MOL or N/R were low, particularly in patients who received N/R. All antiviral drugs were well tolerated, but side effects were more frequent in patients with N/R. However, N/R showed the greatest subjective treatment effect.
Artemisinin combined with allicin on improving cardiac function, fibrosis, and NF-κB signaling pathway in rats with diabetic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Zhang Xiuji , Wang Hongrui
Published: April 2023

Background
This study aimed to see how artemisinin & allicin affected heart function, myocardial fibrosis, and regulating the nuclear factor-B (NF-B) signaling pathways in the myocardial tissue of diabetic cardiomyopathy rats.
Methods
50 rats were selected, 10 of which were kept normally without any intervention as the rest 40 were in the normal group injected intraperitoneally 65 µg/g streptozotocin at one time to construct diabetic cardiomyopathy model.37 rats meeting the criteria for successful model establishment were randomly divided into ten rodents in the model category, 9 rats each in the Artemisinin, Allicin, & Combination groups. For four weeks, the Artemisinin group received 75 mg/kg of artemisinin, the Allicin group received 40 mg/kg of allicin, & the combination group received the same doses of artemisinin & allicin gavage as the Artemisinin & Allicin groups. We investigated the cardiac function, myocardial fibrosis, and the aberrant expression of protein levels in NF-κB signaling pathways in each group after the end of the intervention.
Results
The model group, Artemisinin group, Allicin group, and combination group showed significantly greater cardiac function indexes, including LVEDD, LVESD, LVEF, FS, and E/A with higher expression of NF-B signaling pathway proteins NF-B-p65 and p-NF-B-p65 than the normal group (P < 0.05). LVEDD, LVESD, LVEF, FS, E/A, and NF-B signaling pathway protein NF-B-p65, and p-NF-B-p65 were significantly decreased in the Artemisinin, Allicin, and combination groups when compared with the modeled group (P < 0.05). The combined group had significantly lower expression of LVEDD, LVESD, LVEF, FS, E/A, NF-B signaling pathway protein NF-B-p65, and p-NF-B-p65 than the Artemisinin and Allicin groups (P < 0.05). For comparing the cardiac function indicators LVEDD, LVESD, LVEF, FS, E/A, NF-B signaling pathway protein NF-B-p65, & p-NF-B-p65 expressions, there was no statistical difference here between Artemisinin & Allicin groups (P > 0.05). After observing the myocardial fibrosis in each group, we found the collagen fibers-associated disorder arrangement of the proliferative network in the modeled group, formation of the fibrous scar with large volume, cardiac hypertrophy, inconsistent coloration, nucleus consolidation, disintegration, and even removal. When compared to the model group, the Artemisinin group, Allicin group, & combined group all demonstrated various degrees of improvement in the problematic structure with more intact muscle fibers, neater arrangement, more normal cell morphology, and more homogeneous staining, with the most significant improvement in the combined group.
Conclusion
Compared with artemisinin and allicin alone, artemisinin combined with allicin improved cardiac dysfunction and reduced myocardial fibrosis in rats with diabetic cardiomyopathy, and both may act via promoting the inactivation of the NF-κB signaling cascade.
Improving the Collection of National Health Data: The Case for the Middle Eastern and North African Checkbox in the United States
Authors: Kindratt Tiffany B
Published: April 2023

On June 15, 2022, the Chief Statistician of the United States announced that the Office of Management and Budget would conduct a formal review of the current minimum standards for collecting race/ethnicity data on the US Census and other federal forms. This review is extremely important for communities that have been overlooked and unable to receive federal funding for their programs, most notably Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) Americans. MENA individuals are defined as “White” in the US, which is particularly concerning given that research continues to identify that their health behaviors, disabilities, health conditions, mortality and lived experiences differ from Whites. The initial OMB proposals were published in January 2023 with a request for public comment for up to 75 days. Specifically, the OMB is requesting comments on a separate MENA checkbox. The purpose of this study was to summarize the initial comments posted on the federal registrar’s website during February 2023. Comments were reviewed to determine whether MENA was mentioned, whether comments indicated support for the MENA checkbox, and whether comments mentioned support for reasons related to health. There were 2,950 comments reviewed. Most (71.76%) mentioned the inclusion of a MENA checkbox. Of those, 98.82% were in support of adding the MENA checkbox. Among those, 31.98% mentioned the need for a MENA checkbox to improve data collection for health-related topics. These findings are encouraging and indicate strong support for including a MENA checkbox on the next US Census and other federal forms.
Softwood ray height based on tangential section images by using YOLOv5
Authors: Guo Yong , Lin Qizhao , Weng Jinfang , Wang Weisheng , Wang Hong , Wang Wenyin
Published: April 2023

In order to achieve rapid acquisition, identification and measurement of the average ray height of softwood based on tangential section photographs, a new method is proposed. Firstly, labels the digital image of the softwood tangential section with the 100 magnification, that is, mark the rays and scales on the image, and establish the dataset; Secondly, the dataset is randomly divided into training set and validation set. YOLOv5s is used for model training to obtain the best target recognition model of rays and scale. The experimental results show that the model trained with YOLOv5s can achieve 93.5% accuracy, 95.6% recall and 96.7% average accuracy in the validation set; Thirdly, using the YOLOv5s trained model, a visual program for automatically calculating the ray height and obtaining the ray characteristics of softwood is designed, which lowered the threshold for wood identification workers to use such software.
POSTERIOR REVERSIBLE ENCEPHALOPATHY SYNDROME (PRES) IN A PATIENT WITH LATE POSTPARTUM ECLAMPSIA: CASE REPORT
Authors:   Department of Obstetrics Gynecology of the CHU Mohammed VI of Marrakesh., Coulibaly Fatoumata , El-Aziz Soukaina ,   Department of Obstetrics Gynecology of the CHU Mohammed VI of Marrakesh., Aboulfalah Abderrahim ,   Department of Obstetrics Gynecology of the CHU Mohammed VI of Marrakesh.,   Faculty of Medecine and Pharmacy of Marrakesh, Caddi Ayad University, Morrocco., Soummani Abderraouf ,   Department of Obstetrics Gynecology of the CHU Mohammed VI of Marrakesh.,   Faculty of Medecine and Pharmacy of Marrakesh, Caddi Ayad University, Morrocco.
Published: April 2023

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a reversible neurological entity specified by seizure, headaches, visual disturbances, a disorder of consciousness and other focal neurological findings. It is caused by different causes ultimately leading to a vasogenic cerebral oedema of occipital and parietal lobes of the brain. We present here a young woman with headache, generalised tonicâ€“clonic seizures in a late postpartum stage. Reversibility of the symptoms and characteristic imaging findings led us to a diagnosis of PRES.
AN OBSERVATIONAL CLINICAL STUDY OF ASSOCIATION OF LINTULA SCORE IN SUSPECTED CASE OF ACUTE APPENDICITIS IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors:   (M.S General Surgery), Government Medical College Surat., Garg Kapil , K. Shah Savan ,   (M.S General Surgery), Government Medical College Surat., Thakore Rushita ,   (M.S General Surgery), Government Medical College Surat.
Published: April 2023

Acute appendicitis is the most common general surgical emergency. About 8% of people have appendicitis at some time during their life. (1) Early surgical intervention improves outcomes. (1) Lintula scoring system is based solely on clinical examination. This might improve the clinical outcomes in adults with suspected appendicitis. A study was conducted on 50 patients suspected of having acute appendicitis were admitted in surgery department. The variables of the Lintula score were recorded and the sum of the score for each patient was calculated. Patients were treated according to standard protocol decided by consultant. The result of the score will be compared to intraoperative diagnosis using chi square test.After comparing positive and negative appendicitis with positive and negative Lintula scores, sensitivity and specificity of Lintula scoring system in diagnosis of acute appendicitis were found to be 55% and 90% respectively. The positive predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of the test has been found to be 95.65% and 80% respectively. (p value <0.05).
BILATERAL CHYLOTHORAX REVEALING B-CELL LYMPHOCYTIC-LIKE SMALL CELL LYMPHOMA (CASE REPORT)
Authors:   Department of Respiratory Diseases, Research and Medical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Oujda, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Mohammed first University, Oujda, MOR., Rhazari Meriem , Thouil Afaf ,   Department of Respiratory Diseases, Research and Medical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Oujda, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Mohammed first University, Oujda, MOR., Kouismi Hatim ,   Department of Respiratory Diseases, Research and Medical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Oujda, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Mohammed first University, Oujda, MOR.
Published: April 2023

Chylothorax is defined by the presence of chyle in the pleural cavity. The diagnosis is mainly based on the dosage of triglycerides and/or the detection of chylomicrons in the pleural fluid. The most common causes of chylothorax are traumatic, mainly following surgery. Among the non-traumatic causes, we frequently find tumors and in particular lymphomas. The first-line treatment is conservative and consists of pleural drainage associated with a low-fat diet. We report the case of a 78-year-old man with rest dyspnoea, in whom the pleuropulmonary examination found a bilateral fluid effusion syndrome, the exploratory pleural puncture showed the presence of sero-sanguinous fluid, exudative with a triglyceride levels = 626 mg/dl in the left and 455 mg/dl in the right . The diagnosis of small B-cell lymphocytic-type lymphoma was retained following an anatomopathologic study of the adenectomy specimen.
PREVALENCE OF HYPERTENSION IN LOW FLUX VERSUS HIGH FLUX MODALITIES OF MAINTENANCE HEMODIALYSIS - A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors:   Consultant Nephrologist, Agartala Government Medical College, Agartala, Tripura, India., Paul Samaresh
Published: April 2023

Background:Hypertension is common in patients on dialysis. Hemodialysis dialyzer membrane may me either High-flux or Low-flux type and biocompatibility of membranes also may be less or more in both these types. There has been no study comparing the control of hypertension across these Low and High-flux modalities with use of same Ultrapure water and same High biocompatible membrane for both the modalities. Methods: Pre-dialytic BP has been recorded one hour before starting and Post-dialytic BP two hours after finishing Hemodialysis. Intra-dialytic BP has been measured at every 30 minutes interval. All BP recordings have been done for all patients for five hemodialysis sessions and recordings are compared. Number of antihypertensive drugs required in each group have been compared. Fluid overload causing hypertension have been excluded by excluding Intra-Dialytic Weight Gain more than 4.5%. Results:While comparing Pre-dialytic, Intra-dialytic and Post-dialytic BP across Low and High-flux modalities, the p value obtained in each of the case was greater than 0.05, and requirement of antihypertensive drugs and Intra-Dialytic Weight Gain also have no significant difference across these Low and High-flux modalities. Conclusions:It has been concluded from this study that both the Low flux and High flux modalities of hemodialysis are equally efficacious in terms of BP control when same Ultrapure water and High biocompatible membrane is used, and there is no difference in requirement of antihypertensive drugs and Intra-Dialytic Weight Gain across these two modalities.
PERICARDIECTOMY FOR TUBERCULOUS EFFUSIVE-CONSTRICTIVE PERICARDITIS
Authors:   Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ghassani Hospital, Fes, Morocco., Oughebbi Ismail , Bzikha Reda ,   Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, MLY El Hassan Ben El Mehdi, Laayoune, Morocco., Harandou Mustapha ,   Hassan II University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Fez, Sidi Mohammed Ben AbdellahUniversity, Fez, Morocco., Messouak Mohamed ,   Hassan II University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Fez, Sidi Mohammed Ben AbdellahUniversity, Fez, Morocco.
Published: April 2023

Effusive-constrictive pericarditis isan uncommon condition characterizedby concomitant existence of pericardial effusionand constriction caused by the visceral pericardium. Tuberculosis remains the main cause in developing countries.The clinical profile of our case is presented as well as a discussion of the definition, etiologies, indications for surgery and surgical management.
CASE REPORT OF DIETHYL CARBAMAZINE INDUCED ANTERIOR UVEITIS WITH RAISED INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE IN KNOWN CASE OF LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS
Authors:   Junior Resident- Ophthalmology-Shadan Institute of Medical Sciences., Sohni Sultana Shaik , Jain Divya ,   Associate Professor -Shadan Institute of Medical Sciences., Ramana Rao Suresh ,   Professor of Ophthalmology -Shadan Institute of Medical Sciences.
Published: April 2023

Drug induced uveitis (DIU) is relatively rare entity .Diagnosis of DIU is a challenge as no diagnostic test will help in diagnosis and is not necessary for the drug to cause uveitis in all patients who receive it .Time between medication used and occurrence of symptoms varies ranging from few days to months .Drug may be administered through any route including systemic ,topical and intravitreal .Cause of drug induced inflammation is not well known. Diethyl carbamazine(DEC)therapy for filariasis frequently results in systemic and ocular complications but pathogenesis of such complications is unclear.A case diagnosed with filariasis is presented here . complains of Redness, ocular pain and blurred vision LE , appeared after DEC treatment and patient visited the ophthalmology OPD ,where she was diagnosed with acute anterior uveitis and raised intraocular pressures .Patient was treated with topical antibiotic , topical corticosteroids , cycloplegics , antiglaucoma medication and DEC was discontinued, which immediately improved patient presenting complains. Therefore where ocular inflammatory disease exists drug induced uveitis must be ruled out as possible cause.
University without Walls: Experience of Berdyansk State Pedagogical University during the war
Authors: Lopatina Hanna , Tsybuliak Natalia , Popova Anastasia , Bohdanov Ihor , Suchikova Yana
Published: April 2023

This study presents the experience of managing Berdyansk State Pedagogical University in the first year of a full-scale war. The purpose is to analyze the impact of management decisions on the performance indicators of the university in the conditions of temporary occupation and relocation to a new place. The relocation of Berdyansk State Pedagogical University (BSPU) to a safer territory enabled the resumption of educational activities in May 2022, after 53 days of functioning under occupation by russian troops. University staff decreased by 13%, with 57% moving to Ukraine-controlled territories and 43% remaining in the occupied zone. In addition, the student contingent decreased by 15%. The university’s scientific activity during the war decreased for only 9% in publication activity, and funding for science in 2023 increased by 379% compared to 2021. The university continued its third mission of social cooperation by providing humanitarian and psychological assistance and documenting the testimonies of people affected by the occupation. The university community currently exists in a virtual format, with staff and students in different parts of Ukraine and the world. The university must look to the future and overcome existing problems, such as preserving academic potential and student contingent, restoring electronic systems, and continuing pedagogical education.
AcknowledgmentThis study was funded by the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine (grants 0121U10942 and 0123U100110).We are grateful to the Armed Forces of Ukraine for providing the security necessary to conduct this analysis. This work would not have been possible without the perseverance and courage of the Ukrainian army.We also thank the entire team of Berdyansk State Pedagogical University. Thanks to your perseverance, resilience, and unity, the university continues to operate for the development of Ukraine.
Transition from hierarchy to adhocratic organizational culture in a Ukrainian university: From survival to successful development in the conditions of war
Authors: Falko Natalia , Zhukov Olexander
Published: April 2023

This study aims to investigate the transformation of organizational culture during year of the of the active phase of the russian-Ukrainian war that contributes to the survival of Bogdan Khmelnitsky Melitopol State Pedagogical University as an organization and is a factor in the transition from the survival to the phase of successful and dynamic development. Due to the war and the occupation of certain territories of Ukraine, the university was forced to relocate to the free territory in the city of Zaporizhzhia. It lost all its buildings and other material resources; around 25% of students, 25% of faculty, and 25% of funding. Despite the extreme conditions of the university’s functioning and the stress of teachers and students under constant attacks on civilians by the occupiers, the university has resumed its educational process and research. A formal sign of the success of the scientific work is the growth of the university’s position in the Consolidated ranking of Ukrainian universities. In the educational sphere, interdisciplinary academic programs have become a significant trend during the war. Innovations in management ensured that the university quickly adapted to the extreme environment. These innovations were primarily related to transitioning from a hierarchy to an adhocratic organizational culture. The main areas of changes in the university management were: renewal of the personal composition of the university management, reorganization of structural units, updating of the system of university regulations, and complete transition to electronic document management.
Universities in times of war: Challenges and solutions for ensuring the educational process
Authors: Greshta Viktor , Shylo Serhii , Korolkov Vladyslav , Kulykovskyi Ruslan , Kapliienko Oleksandr
Published: April 2023

Educational activities of higher education institutions located in the war zone are undergoing significant changes, particularly in Ukraine. This study aims to generalize the experience of the National University “Zaporizhzhia Polytechnic,” Ukraine, in ensuring the continuity of the digital services of the educational process and generate recommendations for countering threats arising under the influence of active hostilities.49% of students are residents of Zaporizhzhia, and 40% live in the occupied territories. Most students were forced to move to safer locations or even abroad. Still, some of them remained in the occupation (due to the strict regime by the occupiers, they could not move to the territory controlled by Ukraine). About 5% of students temporarily or entirely stopped their studies. The city of Zaporizhzhia is under constant fire from the occupying forces, so academic staff is dynamically relocating to safer regions. The university constantly responds to the situation at the front and implements measures to continue educational activities in these conditions, relying on digital services. To minimize the impact of war threats and ensure the continuity of digital services, the university administration guarantees protection against power outages of all elements of the digital infrastructure, providing backup Internet communication channels and creating a distributed information base. National University “Zaporizhzhia Polytechnic” continues to further expand its information services library, improving the quality of the educational process in war conditions.