bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluación in vitro de una fuente de nitrato protegido para rumiantes: efecto sobre la degradación de la materia seca y producción de metano
Authors: Rendon-Correa Maria Elizabeth , Posada-Ochoa Sandra Lucía , Rosero-Noguera Jaime Ricardo
Published: November 2024

El objetivo fue evaluar un método para reducir la tasa de liberación del nitrato de calcio en un ambiente de fermentación ruminal simulado, y determinar su efecto sobre sobre la degradación de la materia seca y la producción de metano. En el experimento in vitro se usó pasto kikuyo (Cenchrus clandestinus, Hochst ex Chiov) (KK) como alimento base y la adición de nitrato protegido (NP), nitrato libre (NL) y urea (KU) al ambiente de fermentación. La cantidad de nitrato adicionado correspondió al 3 % de la materia seca incubada. Los datos se analizaron con medidas repetidas en el tiempo considerando como efectos fijos el tratamiento y el tiempo y como factor aleatorio el animal donador del inóculo ruminal. Después de 24 h de incubación, el NL y el NP redujeron la degradación de la materia seca en 11.4 y 15 %, respectivamente. La adición de nitratos redujo significativamente la producción de metano. La diferencia en las tasas de producción de metano expresadas en ml/g de materia seca degradada entre los tratamientos NL (21.0) y NP (31.2) a las 48 h de incubación, indican menor tasa de liberación del nitrato como consecuencia del método de protección empleado. Los resultados de este ensayo muestran que la inclusión de nitratos protegidos en niveles correspondientes al 3 % de la materia seca incubada pueden llegar a reducir en un 53 % la producción de metano.
Comportamiento productivo de una asociación Mombaza-Kudzú en diferentes épocas del año
Authors: Bolaños-Aguilar Eduardo Daniel , Enríquez-Quiroz Francisco Javier , Fragoso Islas Abraham , Castañeda Arriola Roberto Omar , Montero-Lagunes Maribel , Vinay Vadillo Julio César
Published: November 2024

El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de la leguminosa kudzú (Pueraria phaseoloides) en el rendimiento de materia seca y valor nutritivo de la pradera, y la ganancia de peso de vaquillas en pastoreo. El estudio se realizó del 19-dic-2019 al 21-jul-2020 en 4 ha en el INIFAP-Pichucalco, Chis., con 2 ha de mombaza (Megathyrsus maximus var. mombaza) y 2 ha de la asociación mombaza-kudzú. Cada pradera tuvo seis vaquillas en pastoreo rotacional. Se evaluó el rendimiento de materia seca, proteína, fibra detergente neutro, lignina y ganancia diaria de peso. Se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar en arreglo de parcelas divididas para rendimiento de materia seca y valor nutritivo, y un diseño completamente al azar para la ganancia de peso de los animales. El menor rendimiento de materia seca fue en la época seca con 2,963 kg ha-1 para mombaza, y 3,771.5 kg ha-1 para mombaza-kudzú. El mayor rendimiento fue en lluvias con 10,092 kg ha-1 para mombaza y 8,977 kg para la asociación. Kudzú registró mayor rendimiento en la época de Nortes con 763.4 kg ha-1 y 19.4 % de cobertura. Kudzú registró 1.7 veces más proteína que mombaza, manteniendo su concentración en 146.26 g kg-1 MS durante el período de estudio mombaza-kudzú registró 31.9 g kg-1 MS más proteína que mombaza, mayor fibra detergente neutro (44.3 g kg-1 MS más) y lignina (8 g kg-1MS más). La mayor ganancia de peso de los animales fue en nortes en la asociación con 504 g animal-1día-1 vs 333 g animal-1 en monocultivo.
Hemorrhagic stroke code the transition to comprehensive stroke code
Authors: Gaspar Toro Jorge Mario
Published: November 2024

As recommended by the working group of vascular and interventional neurology of the Colombian Association of Neurology (ACN), stroke is defined as a neurological emergency characterized by a sudden neurological deficit potentially of arterial origin. Upon confirmation via neuroimaging, the diagnosis is rendered as cerebral infarction (CI) or hemorrhage, either intracerebral (ICH) or subarachnoid (SAH). Additionally, it can be of venous origin, such as cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT).
The stroke code is currently widely recognized as a time-is-brain strategy that seeks to meet strict time goals for treating ischemic stroke (iS), which have substantially improved the outcomes of stroke patients. However, this has not been the case for hemorrhagic stroke (hS), which, given the conditions, is also admitted through the emergency department and clearly benefits from having a standardized protocol of care and time goals, like iS, to improve patient outcomes.
The strategy recommended by the ACN for the early identification of a stroke is CORRE+. This acronym was created by neurologist Luis Roa and is designed to facilitate the identification of both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes of anterior or posterior circulation. It comprises the following criteria: C: twisted face and/or worst headache, O: eye sudden alteration of vision, R: rapid weakness of an arm and/or leg, R: rare when speaking, E: altered balance + emergencies attend. The acronym is intended to be used by the general community and in different extra- and intra-hospital scenarios for immediate consultation.
Reconfigurable Acceleration of Neural Networks: A Comprehensive Study of FPGA-based Systems
Authors: Machireddy ChandanaPriya , Chella Santhosh
Published: November 2024

This paper explores the potential of Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) for accelerating both neural network inference and training. We present a comprehensive analysis of FPGA-based systems, encompassing architecture design, hardware implementation strategies, and performance evaluation. Our study highlights the advantages of FPGAs over traditional CPUs and GPUs for neural network workloads, including their inherent parallelism, reconfigurability, and ability to tailor hardware to specific network needs. We delve into various hardware implementation strategies, from direct mapping to dataflow architectures and specialized hardware blocks, examining their impact on performance. Furthermore, we benchmark FPGA-based systems against traditional platforms, evaluating inference speed, energy efficiency, and memory bandwidth. Finally, we explore emerging trends in FPGA-based neural network acceleration, such as specialized architectures, efficient memory management techniques, and hybrid CPU-FPGA systems. Our analysis underscores the significant potential of FPGAs for accelerating deep learning applications, particularly those requiring high performance, low latency, and energy efficiency.
Een geluidsbelevingsonderzoek naar de radarpost in Wier
Authors: Marcel Cobussen  , Marcel Cobussen
Published: November 2024

Tussen oktober 2023 en juni 2024 hebben Marcel Cobussen (Universiteit Leiden) en Tjeerd Andringa (SoundAppraisal) in opdracht van het Ministerie van Defensie een geluidsbelevingsonderzoek gedaan naar de radarpost in Wier.
Object Detection of BISINDO Sign Language Letters Using Residual Network
Authors: Eriyadi Maulidina Norick , Ilyas Ridwan , Abdillah Gunawan , Hadiana Asep Id
Published: November 2024

Indonesian Sign Language or BISINDO is an alternative language used by people who suffer from disabilities, especially those who have hearing impairments. This language grew and developed from the deaf community, so its use is based on the visual aspect. This research aims to apply Residual Networks to detect objects in the context of Bisindo Letter Sign Language, with the hope of increasing accuracy and efficiency in letter recognition. Object detection goes through 2 stages, namely feature extraction and model training. ResNet is a type of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture that utilizes models that have been previously trained, so it can save the time required in the model development process. In this research, Residual Network (ResNet) was used for feature extraction to recognize important aspects in the Bisindo letter sign image, such as hand position, finger shape characteristics, and direction of movement. The research results show that the new dataset used as training data and test data has a fairly good ability to detect with a division of 70% train set, 20% valid set and 10% test set with size 640x640 with 300 epochs for the training model.
Adapting to Online Education: A Case Study of Resilience and Innovation in Private Tutoring During the Pandemic
Authors: Jatmika Surya , Khasanah Laili , Martama Happy , Pertiwi Puspita
Published: November 2024

During the pandemic, online-based learning faced numerous challenges, such as internet connectivity issues, difficulties in comprehension, an increase in assignments, one-sided interactions, and reduced concentration. Nevertheless, private tutoring institutions emerged as invaluable resources, enabling students to revisit lesson materials, enhance their understanding, and complete assignments effectively. This study aimed to investigate the digital transformation at Prima Utama Private Tutoring Institution in Surakarta, Indonesia, focusing on the factors that support and hinder the institution's operations, and proposing solutions to overcome these obstacles during the pandemic. Utilizing a qualitative case study approach, the research involved institutional leaders, tutors, and students as key informants. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation, followed by data condensation, presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings demonstrated the institution’s resilience through the implementation of both online and offline tutoring programs, incorporating diverse learning strategies such as lectures, interactive teaching methods, and the use of various applications. Despite technical challenges like network issues and limited technological proficiency, the interaction between tutors and students remained strong. Challenges included physical distance constraints, module availability, and promotional barriers. Proposed solutions included enhancing the Wi-Fi network, providing training on learning platforms, accessing e-modules, and developing practice questions. Additionally, the study recommended using social media, parent testimonials, and discount offers to overcome promotional challenges. Ultimately, this research offers valuable insights into the adaptation of educational institutions during the pandemic and provides recommendations for improving learning quality in an all-digital private tutoring environment.
Ethnomathematics: Learning Geometric Transformation Through the Formation of Lagosi Motif
Authors: Pathuddin Hikmawati , Busrah Zulfiqar
Published: November 2024

The Lagosi motif, a prominent design in the traditional fabric of the Wajo district, is well-known but increasingly rare among local weavers. This motif, drawing inspiration from natural elements such as flowers and stems, holds significant philosophical and cultural meaning for the Wajo people, serving as a key element of their endangered cultural heritage. Despite its cultural importance, the motif has been minimally explored in the context of ethnomathematics. Consequently, this study investigates the mathematical concepts inherent in the design of Lagosi motifs, aiming to utilize them as educational tools for students and to support cultural preservation efforts. Employing a qualitative research methodology with an ethnographic approach, data were collected through observations, interviews, and documentation. The validity and reliability of the data were ensured through triangulation and confirmability. The study reveals that geometric transformations, specifically translation and reflection, play a central role in the creation of Lagosi motifs. These findings highlight the natural emergence of mathematical concepts within local cultural practices, offering potential for their integration into contextualized mathematics education. Furthermore, the results aim to instill a sense of cultural pride in students, thereby contributing to the preservation of Wajo's cultural heritage. The study also underscores the opportunity to leverage Lagosi motifs as culturally relevant educational tools and to foster interdisciplinary collaboration between mathematics and cultural studies.
Representation Of Woman Leader In The Qur'an (Power-Knowledge Relations In The Discourse On Surah An-Naml 20-44)
Authors: Fathiyaturrahmah Fathiyaturrahmah , Wibowo Safrudin Edi , Ibrahim Zaghloul Taha Ramadan
Published: November 2024

The presentation of the story of Queen Bilqis in the Qur’an has sparked debate among Muslim scholars regarding women's public leadership. The majority of classical and modern scholars argue that the positive portrayal of Bilqis in the Qur’an cannot be used as evidence of women’s suitability for leadership roles, as this tradition is associated with non-believers. Only a few scholars use the positive image of Bilqis as an argument for women’s leadership capabilities, asserting that it is inconceivable for the Qur’an to depict something forbidden in a positive light. This study aims to reveal the Qur’anic ideology on women’s leadership, the pro and con responses of scholars to this ideology, and the factors that have led to the dominance of interpretations that prohibit women’s leadership. This research is a literature review with a feminist approach. Data were collected through bibliographic searches of Qur’anic exegesis from the classical to the modern era. The study shows that the Qur’an fully and unconditionally recognizes women’s public leadership. However, this gender-egalitarian Qur’anic ideology has not developed from the classical to the modern era due to power-knowledge relations that regulate, limit, and control the discourse surrounding women’s agency in the Islamic public sphere. The study recommends providing equal access to women in public leadership spaces
The Ethical Limitation of Using Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Teaching Prophetic Tradition
Authors: Mufid Abdul
Published: November 2024

This research explored the relationship between Prophetic traditions and artificial intelligence (AI), focusing on the ethical implications and dynamics of human-AI interactions in the context of hadith teachings in the postmodern technological era. Involving an in-depth analysis of the Prophet's teachings regarding science and technology, this research aims to detail ethical perspectives that can guide the development and use of artificial intelligence. With an interdisciplinary approach, this research combined religious values with developments in AI technology, discussing the confluence between the traditions of the Prophet and current dynamics in the world of technology. Ethical implications from an Islamic hadith perspective were detailed, highlighting how moral and human values could be integrated into designing and implementing AI technologies. Additionally, this research explored the impact of human-AI interactions in the postmodern era, considering how AI technology could support the development of a society based on the Prophet's teachings and values. A comprehensive understanding of artificial intelligence's limitations, risks, and human responsibilities was also detailed to balance technological progress and moral values. Hopefully, the research results will contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between religious traditions, especially hadith teachings, and advances in AI technology, providing a solid ethical foundation for technological development in the postmodern era
From Islamism To Radicalism; Shifting Of Religious Understanding Movement Post-Reformation In Indonesia
Authors: Rahmah Sitti , Museliza Virna , Suryadi Nanda , Malek Jalaluddin Abdul
Published: November 2024

The history of Islam in Indonesia is often referred to as peaceful, friendly, and tolerant Islam. However, after the reformation in Indonesia, the Muslim community in this country experienced a shift in religious understanding that was quite serious to understand. Therefore, the important purpose of this article is to map the movement of religious understanding in Indonesia. This article is the result of library research, with a qualitative and philosophical approach. Data was obtained through reading various books, journals, and others related to the shift in religious understanding of Muslims in Indonesia. The data analysis technique in this study uses a three-step analysis procedure, namely: Data Reduction, Data Presentation, and Conclusion Drawing. The results of the study indicate that there has been a shift in the religious movement of Muslims in Indonesia towards Islamism, which is characterized by a strong desire to establish an Islamic caliphate or Islamic dawlah; enforcement of Islamic law; and jihad by fighting against infidels. This issue was then driven by the Islamic social movement both in society and in the world of education
Analysis Of Wasatiyyah Thoughts Of Muhammad Mahfudh Tarmadzi's On Takfirism In His Is'af Al Mathali'
Authors: Marwal Muhammad Ilyas , Ilyas Muhammad Fadhlirobby
Published: November 2024

Wasatiyyah thinking, or moderation, is an essential principle in Islamic teachings which prioritizes balance and tolerance in religious life. This concept becomes very relevant amidst the challenges of extremism and intolerance modern society faces. Muhammad Mahfudh Tarmadzi, a great Indonesian cleric, made a significant contribution through his work Is'af al-Mathali', which offers a moderate view in dealing with the phenomenon of takfirism, an ideology that disbelieves fellow Muslims. This research aims to explore Wasatiyyah Mahfudh Tarmadzi's thoughts, focusing on its application in overcoming the issue of takfirism. This research uses a text analysis methodology on Is'af al-Mathali's work to understand the application of balance, justice, and tolerance principles in responding to contemporary religious issues, especially takfirism. Mahfudh Tarmadzi strongly criticized the practice of takfirism, emphasizing the importance of solid evidence and a fair process in accusing infidels because takfirism often triggers conflict and violence among Muslims. The main aim of this research is to emphasize the relevance of Wasatiyyah Mahfudh Tarmadzi's thoughts in facing current religious challenges, especially in countering takfirism. This research also aims to examine Mahfudh Tarmadzi's contribution to promoting a more harmonious and peaceful religious life. It is hoped that the research results will provide in-depth insight into the importance of Wasatiyyah in building a tolerant society amidst the threat of extremism and radicalism
The “digitalization” of sociology: new opportunities and key contradictions
Authors: Smirnov V. A.
Published: November 2024

The article analyzes the impact of digitalization on sociology and the professional trajectories of a sociologist. The main stages of the “digitalization” of sociology are highlighted, within which not only the amount of data used changes, but also the methods of their processing and analysis. Speaking about the transformation of modern sociology, the author describes several projects of its “digitization”, defining the key features of each. The “digitalization” of sociology is considered as an ambivalent process, which, on the one hand, opens up a whole range of opportunities for the researcher, on the other, actualizes a number of serious problems. The development of computing technologies leads to the expansion of opportunities for rethinking and verification of individual classical theories, the widespread introduction of non-reactive methods of sociological research, to increase their evidence and reproducibility. At the same time, the problems of digitalization are: an increase in the “black box” effect, bias and opacity of artificial intelligence algorithms, a decrease in the interpretability of the results obtained by a sociologist working in the “big data” paradigm. This leads to the need to rethink the model of Russian sociological education, the development of educational technologies that integrate classical sociological thinking and new digital technologies.
Economic Sociology and Management in the spectrum of modern managerial and economic ideas
Authors: Barkov S. A. , Markeeva A. V. , Oseev A. A.
Published: November 2024

The article is devoted to the radical transformation of the structure of knowledge in modern economic sociology and managerial theory, to the transition from slender hierarchies of ideas (the top of which consists of a small number of axioms, and the base of which consists of multiple specific recommendations) to the postmodern market of concepts. The authors made a comparative analysis of such transformation in economic sociology and managerial theory, revealed general regularities and specific factors that determined the difference between the scientific fields of these science. The latter include: 1) subjects conducting scientific research (in managerial theory, along with scientists, managers, consultants, people somehow connected with business were engaged in such practice), 2) a terminology of sciences (in managerial theory, a specific language for communication between managers and employees was actively created), 3) the use of marketing and PR-technologies to promote ideas. The totality of these factors determined a special “landscape” of the subject areas of economic sociology and managerial theory.

The article concludes that despite the existing problems caused by multiparadigmality, the emerging “flexible” format of socio-humanitarian knowledge opens new opportunities for creativity in rapid changes of social reality, obsolescence of classical approaches to its cognition, as well as the realization of the variety of phenomena and processes in the field of economics and management.

In such situation, each scientific team should choose its own special place in the exhibition of ideas, create its own “exhibits” attractive to the scientific community and the general public. Among the variety of topical and demanded research directions, the article identifies three key thematic blocks reflecting the scientific priorities of the Department of Economic Sociology and Management of Moscow University: 1) institutional changes and institutional context of socio-economic and managerial processes, 2) aging population and digitalization as key factors of economic and management transformation, 3) socio-economic processes and phenomena in the mirror of digital communication.
Social communication in modern society: experience of empirical research
Authors: Elishev S. O. , Dortseva E. V.
Published: November 2024

This article was prepared by a team of authors of the sociological faculty of Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov as part of a series of events dedicated to      the 270th anniversary of Moscow University. The article was based on the processed and analyzed data of the sociological study “Social Communication in Modern Society: Essence and Features”, conducted by employees of the Sociological Faculty of Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov under the guidance of the Dean of the Sociological Faculty of Moscow State University, Professor N.G. Osipova in April–May 2024. As part of the study, a total of 401 students of the sociological faculty of Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov. Particular emphasis in the study was placed on the study of the features of the understanding by students of the sociological faculty of the very fact of the transition of mankind in its development to a new stage for it — the electronic-digital era, as well as the features of social communication and the opportunities that they acquired, thanks to the onset of this era. The study revealed a generally positive attitude of students to the process of the formation of an electronic-digital society, the active introduction of digital technologies into the daily life of a modern person, without which young people can no longer imagine their existence. At the same time, their active immersion in virtual reality, which is provided and actually created by new media, especially social networks and instant messengers, naturally led to the emergence of Internet addiction, gadget addiction, as well as to uncritical comprehension of the information that they receive from these sources. Naturally, this has a very negative effect on the formation of their life attitudes, landmarks, which are largely consumer in nature, and also makes them a very convenient object for destructive propaganda and manipulative influence.
Mediatization of medicine and health: dysfunctional aspects
Authors: Belov A. A.
Published: November 2024

In this article, based on the results of empirical research conducted by employees of the Faculty of Sociology, Doctor of Sociological Sciences, Associate Professor T.V. Semina and graduate student A.A. Belov, the destructive influence of electronic and digital media on the health of Russian citizens is considered. In fact, we are talking about the “mediatization of medicine”, which is understood as “the process caused by the emergence of digital communication tools, as a result of which the masses have free access to medical information, and all issues related to human and social health are somehow mediated by electronic media”. The author emphasizes that quite often the media practices uncontrolled submission of quasi-medical information, signs of economic bias present in the media are expressed in the fact that the main source of income for the media is advertising, especially medicines and pharmaceuticals. At the same time, commercials advertising medicines on television are the most effective in influencing the audience. In 2019, T.V. Semina, Doctor of Sociology, Associate Professor of the Faculty of Sociology at Lomonosov Moscow State University, proved the destructive role of the media in the genesis of social conflict in the doctor–patient system. In April–July 2024, the author also undertook an empirical sociological study on the problems of constructing public health in the Russian Federation, in particular, the effectiveness of the impact of advertising materials placed in the media on the health-saving attitudes of Russians, he results of which are presented in the article. In general, the results of empirical studies conducted by T.V. Semina and confirmed by the author’s research convincingly prove the dysfunctionality of the media in relation to the health of Russian citizens, their negative impact on the consciousness of both healthy and sick people. The author emphasizes that it is not so difficult to protect health, but, unfortunately, many people do not even try to do this, guided by certain stereotypes imposed by the media. For example, that after a certain age, absolutely everyone has high blood pressure, overweight, hormonal and other disorders and should regularly take appropriate (widely advertised) medications or dietary supplements, the benefits of which have not been scientifically proven. Most importantly, the author notes, changes are needed in the development of self-preservation behavior among the population. The main task of the state is not only to develop an effective health care system, but also to promote a responsible attitude of citizens to their own health, which implies regular medical examinations, giving up bad habits, leading a healthy lifestyle involving “life on the move”, full sleep and cognitive activity.
Digital trust in China’s digital transformation process: methodology and results of an empirical research
Authors: Zuo Qi
Published: November 2024

The article is devoted to the topical issues of China's digital transformation and the role of digital trust in it. Digital transformation is a long — term comprehensive and rapid process, accompanied by rapid development of digital technologies, institutional changes and appropriate adaptation of people to new conditions. At the same time, it is emphasized that the drastic changes caused by digital transformation bring a lot of uncertainty and risks to society, which, without proper government response, can lead to social unrest and social unrest, and reduce confidence in this process. In the process of digital transformation, high trust between people can reduce suspicions, doubts and reduce social tension in society. In this regard, digital trust comes to the fore of sociological analysis — a new complex social phenomenon that combines sufficient confidence in the reliability of individuals, processes and technologies related to the security and benefits of the digital world. The author shows that the structure of digital trust is multifaceted and sets various objects for research: they can be technologies, processes, individuals, etc., therefore, those factors that affect these three components of the trust structure can be considered as factors affecting digital trust as a whole. However, the topic of digital trust has not been studied much, both from a theoretical and practical point of view, and its valid empirical studies are clearly insufficient. Indeed, some scientists have used factor analysis in their research to study the elements that affect digital trust. However, due to the lack of a well-developed theoretical framework, the mechanism of interaction between influencing factors and characteristics of digital trust cannot be reliably described. The article presents an original methodology for the sociological analysis of digital trust, based on the methodology of factor analysis. As a result of its testing, factors affecting the level of digital trust have been identified, which are of theoretical and practical importance.
Результаты исследований эпиграфических памятников Камышлинского района Самарской области
Authors: Гайнутдинов Айдар Марсилевич
Published: November 2024

Статья посвящена изучению татарских эпиграфических памятников, сохранившихся в Камышлинском районе Самарской области. Как исторический источник они играют важную роль в изучении истории, культуры и языка татарского народа, поскольку содержат информацию, которую невозможно получить из других исторических источников. Арабографичные памятники Камышлинского муниципального района никто из ученых не изучал. Во время эпиграфической экспедиции в этом районе автором было впервые выявлено 107 памятников, датируемые периодом с 1879 г. по 1939 г. В статье приводятся результаты этой работы, описываются и анализируются самые древние эпиграфические памятники, представляющие научный интерес. Новизна исследования заключается в том, что некоторые примеры этого эпиграфического наследия впервые вводятся в научный оборот, приводятся результаты работы по расшифровке арабоязычных и татарских текстов, присутствующих на камнях.
Team-Based Learning & Point of Care Ultrasound (POCUS) to Augment a Preclinical Cardiovascular Physiology Course
Authors: Danila Mark , Zheng Cynthia , Salvatore Ryan J. , Cary Rachel , Youssef Sara , Pinhal-Enfield Grace , Chen Catherine
Published: November 2024

Introduction: There has been increasing interest in point of care ultrasound (POCUS) as a learning tool in preclinical medical anatomy and physiology courses. Few interventions have used team-based learning (TBL) to teach cardiac POCUS. This study investigates a novel TBL exercise designed to integrate cardiac anatomy, physiology, and cardiac POCUS education within a first-year cardiovascular (CV) course called Team-Based Learning – Ultrasound (TBL-US). Methods: The TBL-US exercise consisted of four phases: preparation, individual and team readiness assurance, image acquisition and application, and knowledge assessment. Six second-year students were trained to facilitate the session under physician supervision. Pre- and post-session knowledge assessments were administered to determine knowledge acquisition. Pre- and post-session surveys were administered to assess attitudes, beliefs, and confidence surrounding cardiac POCUS. Final exam scores were compared between participants and non-participants of TBL-US and stratified into high- and low-performing subgroups to account for pre-TBL baseline differences in ability between the groups. Results: A total of 54 first-year medical students completed TBL-US. Students showed significant improvement on the post-knowledge assessment compared to the pre-knowledge assessment (70.5% vs. 54.9% [p< 0.001]) and scored significantly higher on the final CV exam compared to non-participants (low-performing group: 85.92% vs. 81.02% [p=0.039], high-performing group: 89.22% vs. 85.95% [p=0.038]). Between 43.3-72.7% of students reported that TBL-US increased their understanding of CV anatomy, physiology, and cardiac POCUS. Discussion: Students found TBL-US to be a valuable teaching modality and improved student knowledge of CV anatomy, physiology, and cardiac POCUS. TBL-US effectively augments the learning of cardiac anatomy and physiology during the preclinical undergraduate medical curriculum.
Sonographic Detection of Iatrogenic Carotid Artery Guidewires During Internal Jugular Vein Catheterization
Authors: Moak James , Swann Kristen , Kongkatong Matthew , Ottenhoff Jakob , Thom Christopher
Published: November 2024

Background: Visualization of the guidewire during internal jugular (IJ) vein catheterization by point of care ultrasound (POCUS) has been recommended for avoiding inadvertent carotid artery dilation. The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of POCUS for identifying guidewires inappropriately placed in the carotid artery. Methods: This prospective, observational study involved emergency medicine (EM) residents with varying experience in guidewire visualization. Using an inanimate model, investigators placed guidewires randomly into the carotid artery or IJ vein. Residents, blinded to guidewire location, scanned the model and recorded their findings. The test performance of POCUS for arterially placed guidewires was evaluated through calculation of sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), positive predictive value (PPV), and overall accuracy, using investigator placement as the non-reference standard.  Results: Twenty-five residents performed 51 observations. The test performance of POCUS for identifying arterially placed guidewires was sensitivity 95.0% (95%CI = 73.1-99.7%), specificity 96.8% (95%CI = 81.5-99.8%), NPV 96.8% (95%CI = 81.5-99.8%), and PPV 95.0% (95%CI = 73.1-99.7%). The overall accuracy was 96.1% (95%CI = 86.8-98.9%). Residents reported being very confident in their findings in 88.2% of all observations (95%CI = 76.6-94.5%), somewhat confident in 9.8% (95%CI = 4.3-21.0%), and not very confident in 2.0% (95%CI = 0.4-10.3%). No errors occurred among upper-level residents (post-graduate years 2-3) or those reporting >5 prior wire visualizations in live patients. Conclusions: This study is the first to demonstrate that physicians can easily identify misplaced guidewires located in the carotid artery with a high degree of accuracy using POCUS. We recommend routine scanning of the IJ vein and carotid artery prior to vessel dilation to reduce the likelihood of carotid artery injury.
Correlation of Point of Care Ultrasound (POCUS) Guided Pupillary Assessment Parameter with Glasgow Coma Scale in Patients with Altered Mental Status– A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Modi Priyanka , Bhoi Sanjeev
Published: November 2024

Background: Earlier studies have proved deteriorating Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) as a marker of raised intracranial pressure (ICP). Low GCS is associated with abnormal pupillary parameters. Currently, many studies have proved that ultrasound provides a feasible and objective assessment of pupillary light reflex. However, literature is lacking to evaluate objective pupillary parameters to predict GCS of the patients by point of care ultrasound (POCUS). Materials and methods: In this prospective, cross-sectional study, 200 patients were recruited in the emergency department. The inclusion criteria were patients older than 18 years with acute presentation of altered mental status. Exclusion criteria were patients who had partial globe rupture or dementia. The patients underwent a B-mode POCUS-guided evaluation at rest and after light stimulation. Statistical analysis of relationship between pupillary assessment parameters and GCS was performed using Spearman's Rank correlation coefficient, Kruskal-Wallis equality-of-populations rank test, and area under the receiver operating characteristic. Results: The study consisted of 200 (42 female, 158 male) patients with mean (± standard deviation) of age and GCS of 43.56 ± 16.50 years and 5.54 ± 3.00, respectively. Majority of non-reactive pupils had a GCS Score of 3-8 (74 cases, 97.37%). The Pupillary diameter (PD) and PD variation showed statistically significant agreement with pupil reactivity to light stimulation and GCS, with Spearman's correlation coefficient ranging from 0.28 to 0.33 for PD, and -0.55 to -0.50 (p-value <0.05) for PD variation, respectively. PD variation rate (PDVR) is the percentage change in the magnitude of constriction of PD on light stimulation. PDVR of >19.68% had a sensitivity of 86.96% (95% CI: 82.04 - 91.88%) and specificity of 64.97% (95% CI: 58.00 - 71.94%) to detect GCS>8. Conclusion: PD variation and PDVR measured by POCUS has significant correlation with GCS >8. The study showed good sensitivity and low specificity of PDVR on light stimulation to detect GCS >8.
Rare Cause of Pediatric Abdominal Pain Diagnosed on Point of Care Ultrasound (POCUS)
Authors: Owens Courtney , Lindsey
Published: November 2024

An 11-year-old postmenarchal female presented to the pediatric emergency department (ED) with 2 days of periumbilical and right lower abdominal pain. Radiology-performed ultrasound (RADUS) did not visualize the appendix, and there was a plan for surgical consultation to decide between serial abdominal exams versus computed tomography (CT) scan. While awaiting consultation and to help further narrow the differential diagnosis, the emergency provider performed a point of care ultrasound (POCUS) of the urinary tract. This revealed several anomalies including a solitary left kidney with hydronephrosis, and a well-circumscribed, fluid-filled structure with mixed echogenicity posterior to the bladder and inferior to the uterus. Given these findings on POCUS, further imaging was pursued, including a RADUS of the pelvis followed by a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the abdomen. Further imaging ultimately diagnosed a bicornuate uterus, septate vagina with hematocolpos and solitary left kidney consistent with Obstructed Hemivagina and Ipsilateral Renal Anomaly (OHVIRA) syndrome. This case is an illustration of how POCUS is an invaluable tool to narrow the differential diagnosis and guide advanced imaging or consultation for both common and rare causes of pediatric abdominal pain.
Implementation and Assessment of a Curriculum for Renal Point of Care Ultrasound (POCUS) Training
Authors: Ishisaka Yoshiko , Wang Hong Yu , Mitaka Hayato , Charen Elliot , Patrawalla Paru
Published: November 2024

Purpose: Renal ultrasound is a non-invasive method to assess for obstructive acute kidney injury (AKI). Point of care ultrasound (POCUS) has been shown to be a good screening tool for obstructive AKI, and with formal training, has high sensitivity and specificity. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of integrating a novel renal POCUS curriculum into an existing two-week nephrology rotation for internal medicine residents. Methods: We enrolled internal medicine residents rotating on a two-week nephrology rotation between September 2022 and June 2023. Pre-recorded online lectures and a hands-on session on image acquisition were provided. Pre-and post-rotation confidence questionnaires and knowledge tests were collected. At the end of the rotation, participants were evaluated using a skills checklist. Evaluation for knowledge retention was assessed 6–12-months post-rotation with a post-survey and knowledge test. Results: Of the 16 residents that were enrolled, 12 residents completed pre- and post-rotation questionnaires and tests, and 15 residents completed the 6–12-month follow-up. The confidence level showed significant improvement post-test and at 6–12-month follow-up. Knowledge test scores showed a trend towards improvement that did not achieve statistical significance (pre- 6.0 [5.0-7.25], post- 6.5 [5.75-8.0], 6–12-months 7.0 [6.0-8.0] p=0.40). On the skills checklist, an average of 16.8 out of 18 steps were done correctly. Conclusion: Our study showed confidence improvement and a trend towards knowledge improvement after integrating a novel Renal POCUS curriculum into a nephrology rotation. Further iterative changes, such as deliberate practice, or practice with immediate feedback, should be considered.
Perioperative Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists (GLP-1RA) and Gastric Point Of Care Ultrasound (POCUS)
Authors: Arumugam Sivasenthil , Kalagara Hari
Published: November 2024

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) are frequently used for diabetes and weight loss management. The GLP-1 RA   drugs delay gastric emptying and are a concern for increased risk of aspiration in the perioperative period. Current recommendations to hold these medications before surgery are consensus based. Gastric point of care ultrasound (POCUS)   can provide information regarding nature and volume of gastric contents in these patients during the perioperative period. In this case series, we present three patients where gastric POCUS helped formulate a safer, alternative anesthetic plan. Anesthetic management varied depending on the situation, urgency and needs of the procedure. We recommend gastric POCUS in this group of patients to provide objective assessment of gastric contents.
Delphi Consensus Recommendations for the Development of the Emergency Medicine Point of Care Ultrasound (POCUS) Curriculum in Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Anmol Purna , Blank Wolfgang , Hege Blank Ursula , Horn Rudolf , Morf Susanne , Shrestha Sanu Krishna , Shrestha Shailesh Prasad , Basnet Samjhana , Dongol Anjana , Dangal Raj Kumar , Shrestha Roshana
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Emergency Medicine Point of Care Ultrasound (EM-POCUS) is a diagnostic bedside tool for quick and accurate clinical decision-making. Comprehensive training in POCUS is a mandatory part of EM training in developed countries. In Nepal, we need to build an educational curriculum based on the local medical system, available resources, and educational environment. We used the modified Delphi method to develop a EM-POCUS curriculum. Methods: We formed an EM-POCUS core working group based on expertise in key identified areas. The core working group developed criteria for expert panelist selection and synthesized the data for panelists after each Delphi round. We recruited 46 expert panelists to participate in a series of electronic surveys. The literature review and the results of the first Delphi round identified a set of competencies. Quantitative methodology was performed for subsequent surveys. Data analysis of the frequency,  percentage, median, and interquartile range of the 9-point Likert scale was performed. We deemed a minimum threshold of 80% agreement to retain items across Delphi rounds. The result of every round was disseminated before subsequent rounds for the expert panelists to review responses in light of the group’s response. Results: We identified 10 specific global competency categories and 132 objectives (Round 1, response rate 85%).  Rounds 2 and 3 (response rates 78% and 81% respectively) developed consensus on  45 core objectives (34%).  The list of  EM-POCUS competencies with the median (IQR)  was finalized. Conclusion: This expert, consensus-generated EM-POCUS curriculum provides detailed guidance for EM-POCUS education and applications in clinical practice in Nepal.
Spatially Resolved Characteristic of the Merging Galaxy VV114 as Seen by ALMA
Authors: Azeez Jazeel H.
Published: November 2024

Merging galaxies provide an excellent laboratory for investigating several physical properties related to the merging processes. In this research, high-resolution 12CO (J= 1 – 0) data of the molecular gas was reported in the merging galaxy VV114 from the Atacama Large Millimetre/Sub-millimetre Array (ALMA) to study some of the physical characteristics at the sub-kpc scale. Infrared (IR) data from the Spitzer Space Telescope was used to determine the star formation rate (SFR) and were compared with the properties of the molecular gas. The molecular gas map was divided into 12 regions with a scale of (500 – 600) pc in the CO (1 – 0) integrated intensity and velocity dispersion map. The findings showed a low value for the index of the star formation law for both northeast VV114E and southwest VV114W regions, this may be due to a strong turbulent pressure that could restrict star-formation activity in galaxies at hundreds-parsec scales, causing the Kennicutt-Schmid (KS) law power index to reduce. A significant positive correlation between CO (1 – 0) luminosity surface density and velocity dispersion. The correlation between the SFR surface density and the velocity dispersion was moderate for the VV114E and strong for the VV114W.
Study of the Spectral Energy Distribution Model of the Protoplanetary Disk Geometric around the Brown Dwarf CFHT-BD-Tau 4
Authors: Taha Anas S. , Alkotbe Bashar , Ali Arshed
Published: November 2024

The accretion circumstellar disk of young stars and the Brown dwarf plays an essential role in the formation and evaluation of the planet. Our main work in this paper is to investigate the geometrical shape model for the protoplanetary disk around one of the Brown Dwarfs. The photometric measurements for the brown dwarf CFHT-BD-Tau 4 were extracted from the Vizier archive. We used a numerical simulation to build a model of the spectral energy distribution of our target CFHT-BD-Tau 4. The spectral energy distribution model was fitted with observational data for the brown dwarf CFHT-BD-Tau 4. A transitional disk has been assumed around CFHT-BD-Tau 4. We obtained physical properties of the two disks and the size of the gap between them by fitting the SED. The gap in the protoplanetary disk proves that a planet formation process occurred around the Brown dwarf.
Investigating the Correlations between Physical Parameters of Elliptical and Lenticular Galaxies
Authors: Mozher J. Rabab , Al Najm Mohammed Naji
Published: November 2024

This study aims to investigate the features of stellar-gaseous kinematics and dynamics mass using scaling coefficient relationships (such as the Faber–Jackson relation (FJR)) of two samples of elliptical and lenticular galaxies. These two samples of 80 ellipticals and 97 lenticulars were selected from previous literature works. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences )SPSS( and Matrix Laboratory (MATLAB) program were used to find out the associations of multiple factors under investigation such as main kinematic properties of the gaseous-stellar (effective radius Re, surface density within the effective radius (Ʃeff) , stellar mass in the blue band (Mstar (B)), gas mass ( Mgas), dynamic (Mdyn) and baryonic (Mbar), supermassive black holes masses (MBH) in the elliptical and S0 galaxies. We concluded that the experimental relations between (Log Mbar (B) - Log Mdyn (B), Log Mbar (B) - Log MBH) have a robust correlation of ~1, and the slope appears to be more linearly (Slope ≥1) for both types of galaxies (Ellipticals and Lenticulars). This paper also noted that the empirical convergences between Log Σeff (B) and Log Mdyn have a strong high regression relationship of ~1. The slope appears to be approximately linear ~1 in the lenticular galaxies, but there is no relationship between Log Σeff (B) and Log Mdyn in the elliptical galaxies. Due to the strong impact of dynamical rotation on elliptical galaxies, it is interestingly believed that they are objects under turbulence and originate from interactions and mergers with galaxies in a spiral shape.