bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Achieving Synchronization in Cardiac Oscillators with Suitable Neural Input
Authors: Murugesh T. S.
Published: June 2023

The normal cardiac rhythm is the result of collective, synchronized action of a large number of cardiac oscillators which play a crucial role in the determination of the sinus rhythm. The physiological function of the cardiovascular system is under the control of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). The two limbs of the ANS, sympathetic and parasympathetic, are critical in determining the oscillations within the heart. The pumping effectiveness of the heart is controlled by the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves, which abundantly supply the heart that act in opposing ways. However, the two divisions act together to regulate the activity of the internal organs as per the needs of the body at any particular time. The cardiac centers in the central nervous system exert an influence on the heart’s activity through sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves. This influence governs the rate of beat, the systolic contractile force and the velocity of atrioventricular conduction. The parasympathetic stimulation causes a decrease in heart rate whereas sympathetic stimulation increases it. The intrinsic cardiac nervous system is seen to play an active role in regulating cardiac function which consists of sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons and interconnecting local circuits. An appropriate mathematical model that describes the electrical activity and ion exchange in the sinoatrial node (SAN) is considered and the dynamical equations describing the behaviour of the chosen model are solved with the corresponding source code developed and implemented using Matlab.An Integrate and Fire Neuron (IFN) model is developed that mimics the role of ANS which acts as an external influence to the preferred SAN cell to in order to coax synchronization between the coupled cell pair. The influence of the suitable neuron model in effecting synchrony between the coupled SAN cell pair is demonstrated with the aid of simulation studies.
Comparative Analysis of Different Micro Energy Resources Under Distributed Generation
Authors: Deb Sanchari , Deb S. K.
Published: June 2023

The renewable sources of energies are getting more attention due to limitations and gradual depletion of fossil fuels. Distributed generation which is a combination of both renewable and non-renewable sources of energies is becoming the prime attraction of researchers for its design and development. This paper attempts to present a brief comparative analysis of the different micro energy resources used in a typical stand- alone hybrid distributed generation. For proper selection of micro energy resources used in distributed generation reliability, cost and environmental degradation associated with the micro energy resources must be given due consideration for economic and efficient design and development.
Robotic Arm Control through Human Arm Movement Using Accelerometer
Authors: Adeeb Ahammed P.
Published: June 2023

In today’s world there is an increasing need to create artificial arms for different inhuman situations where human interaction is difficult or impossible. Here we propose to build a robotic arm controlled by natural human arm movements whose data is acquired through the use of accelerometers. The development of this arm is based on a accelerometers, which will all be interfaced with the microcontroller. Finally, this prototype of the arm may be expected to overcome the problem such as placing or picking hazardous objects or nonhazardous objects that are far away from the user.
An Intelligent Fuzzy Based Technique of Making Food Using Rice Cooker
Authors: Chandra Pradhan Mohan
Published: June 2023

This paper aims at presenting the idea of controlling the cooking time of rice based on the type of rice and quantity of water using fuzzy logic control. The paper describes the procedure that can be used to get a suitable cooking time for different types of rice. The process is based entirely on the principle of taking non-precise inputs from the sensors, subjecting them to fuzzy arithmetic and obtaining a crisp value of the cooking time. It is quite clear from the paper itself that this method can be used in practice to further automate the rice cookers. Nevertheless, this method, though with much larger number of input parameters and further complex situations, is being used by the giants like LG and Samsung.The rice cooker features with advanced logic technology, which allows it to think for itself and make adjustments to the temperature and timing of batch of rice totally on the cooking. A spherical inner cooking pan and heating system distributes heat evenly so the rice at the bottom is the same consistency.
A Comprehensive Review of Literature on Application of Distribution Generation in Smart Grid Application
Authors: Bondriya Pallavi , Kumar Yogendra
Published: June 2023

Smart Grid is future of the mankind. Embedded Applications, Power Generation and Distribution are integral part of smart grid application, and plays vital role in proficiency, performance, efficiency and stability of the system. Wide area distribution of embedded application in smart grid; demands critical focus on each integral part of Smart Grid System. Distributed Generation is most important part of any smart system. Application of Distributed Generation enhances efficiency, stability and profile of Smart Grid. This research article investigates the technique used in distributed generation in smart grid system. A comprehensive investigation is presented which includes key issues in the DG integrations; various DG technologies used so far, advantages and disadvantages of penetration of DG in smart grid application and research gap in the respective field. The article also discusses the penetration of DGs in the Indian power system in multidisciplinary context.
Optimization of Synchronous Non-Isolated Bidirectional DC-DC Switching Power Converter
Authors: Mahesh Gowda N. M. , Parthasarathy S. S.
Published: June 2023

This paper presents a high-efficiency non-isolated synchronous bidirectional DC-DC switching power converter. The circuit is made to operate in Synchronous Discontinuous Conduction Mode (SDCM)/Forced Continuous Conduction Mode (FCCM) of operation for minimum inductor value, to reduce the size, weight and cost of the converter. A snubber capacitor is used across the switch to minimize turn-off loss. The power dissipation through snubber capacitor and inductor is minimized by proper selection of their value, which improves the efficiency of the converter. Complementary gate signals are used to control the ON and OFF of main and auxiliary switch. By use of SDCM of operation, complementary gate signals control scheme and snubber capacitor, turn-on loss and parasitic ringing effect is minimized. State space averaging method is used to obtain control-to-current transfer function module. Using the transfer function module, Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller is tuned using PID tuner software, available in MATLAB simulink control design block to regulate load voltage and load current for change in inductor reference current (I*), change in load resistance and change in input voltage. The modules are verified using MATLAB simulink simulator.
Performance Analysis of Intelligent Controllers for Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR)
Authors: Mittal Ajit Kumar , Rai Pankaj
Published: June 2023

Now a Days Harmonics in power systems is becoming a crucial issue due to the abrupt rise in the use of nonlinear loads. A Power Filter is one of the best answers to this problem.The filter performs the job by injecting compensatory currents that counteract them at the Point where seclusion has to be provided from non linearities. In order to infuse these compensatory currents unerringly,through the inverter which requires proper gating signals that trail the reference currents precisely through a controller. The reference current provides an estimation of the amount of harmonics. Consequently, perfect calculation of these reference signals foster generation of proper gating signals for the inverter are required.Accurate estimation is done using the P-Q theory, D-Q theory as well as the Adaline for Shunt and Hybrid Power Filter. DC Voltage across the capacitor is regulated using the PI controller and the Neural Network based control.
Communication Technologies in Prepaid Smart Meters: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sharma Ankit , Birla Dinesh , Lalwani Mahendra
Published: June 2023

In today’s world, electromechanical or digital energy meters are used for energy metering and billing. It consumes considerable time and labour. Tradition billing system was slow, costly and lacked in flexibility as well as reliability. Today, accuracy in electrical billing is highly desired. The smart energy meter gives real time consumption as well as accurate billing. Wireless Energy Meter is able to send its data via wireless communication to personal computers or a remote device where monitoring and analysis of the data can be easily made. In smart metering, different techniques in communication system like WIMAX, Zig-Bee and GSM etc are more popular.This paper presents a brief review of the work carried out by the various researchers in the field of Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) techniques and also the various communication systems being used in smart metering technology. They are differentiated by various factors involved in daily energy requirements. They are also compared among one another and it is shown by various parameters to demonstrate this comparison.
Sallen-Key Topology, MFB and Butterworthy in Bandpass Design for Audio Circuit Design
Authors: Blessed Olalekan Oyebola
Published: June 2023

This paper succinctly studied active filter topologies: Sallen-key circuit, MFB and Butterworth in band pass design for audio circuits. It has been able to identify distinctive suitable features with applications in audio frequencies range. The work also serves as a foundational study for an advanced work on active audio filters. Sallen-Key pluses with quality factor (Q) that can be varied via the inner gain (G) without modifying the mid frequency (fm). Notably, the Q and Am cannot be adjusted independently. Butterworth, maximally flat magnitude response in the pass band, has monotonic amplitude response with an excellent flat pass band, less phase shift, and better transient results.
Temperature Gradient and Quantum Transport in Nano Junctions
Authors: Koti Mahesh
Published: June 2023

In this paper the effect of temperature gradient on quantum transport in nano junctions is presented. The nano junction current density is shown to be proportional to the square of the temperature gradient. The effective delta variation in current density due to the temperature gradient is found to be dependent on the quantum system junction characteristics.
Performance Analysis of Different Tie-Line for Synchronization of 12-Area Two Interconnected Thermal Power Grid
Authors: Sahu Pankaj Kumar
Published: June 2023

This paper represents the advantages of HVAC-HVDC parallel tie-line as compare to the Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) tie-line and normal HVAC tie-line for synchronization of 12-area two interconnected thermal power grid with its all 12 areas when load changed in power grid-1 (area-6). After load change in power grid-1 (area-6), 12-area two interconnected thermal power grid with its all 12 areas are synchronized at the same time only in case of HVAC-HVDC parallel tie-line. This paper also shows the Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) tie-line is better as compare to the normal HVAC tie-line. Performance analysis of different tie-line for synchronization or load (machine) frequency control of 12-area two interconnected thermal power grid is done in terms of settling time of frequency deviation of all 12 areas and settling time of tie-line power deviation of two interconnected areas or two interconnected power grid by using conventional integral controller when load changed in power grid-1 (area-6).
A Study on Requirements, Challenges and Applications of Wireless Body Area Network
Authors: Nidhya R. , Arunachalam V. P.
Published: June 2023

Body Area Network (BAN) or Body Sensor Network (BSN) has became the most emerged research technology because of the recent advancement in wireless sensor networks. This has also provided many opportunities for researchers on wireless networks around the body. A BAN allows remote health monitoring of patients. The caregivers can monitor their patient’s health status without disrupting their normal activities. This monitoring is possible by deploying of the low-power sensor nodes on human body as implanting or worn. This paper presents a description of BSNs, requirements, challenges and various applications associated with BAN. The most important requirement and challenges faced by BSN are Energy, quality of service and routing. These factors are analyzed in detail in this paper. An investigation of existing challenges and requirements with its solutions and technologies at physical, MAC, network, transport, and application layers also done in this paper. At the end, open research issues and challenges for each layer are discussed to be addressed in further research.
Random Scan Approach for Image Steganography
Authors: Gupta Sahil
Published: June 2023

Steganography is the art of hiding information in a cover media. The cover and secret data can take many forms such as text, audio, images and videos. In this paper, secret data in the form of (image) is hidden into the cover image. To achieve perceptual invisibility and Robustness, Random Scan approach is used. Before embedding data in cover media, an encryption technique is applied on secret data. Experimental results confirm the PSNR superiority of proposed algorithm.
Creep Behaviour and Residual Flexural Capacity of GFRP and CFRP Pretensioned Concrete Slabs
Authors: Sovják Radoslav , Konvalinka Petr
Published: June 2023

The objective of this study is to examine the flexural behaviour of concrete slabs pretensioned withdomestic Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymers (GFRP) and Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymers (CFRP) under sustained loading. In order to achieve this, set of twoconcrete slabs 4.5 meter long were examined. Concrete slabs were pretensioned with four and five reinforcing bars (rebars) in case of GFRP and CFRP reinforcement, respectively. Set of additional eleven slabs was casted for quasi-static loading. Quasi-static loading was performed in order to verify flexural capacity and to check residual flexuralcapacity of the slabs after sustained loading. It was verified experimentally that GFRP pretensioned concrete slab is not suitable for long-term loading due to massive deflection evolution in time. On the other hand CFRP pretensioned slab showed reasonable flexural behaviour in terms of deflection evolution and crack propagation. It was also concluded that sustained loading has no significant effect on flexural capacity of the both FRP pretensioned concrete slabs.
Waste Water Management Using Bio-Ozolyte System
Authors: Senthil Vadivel T. , Anitha Rathinam S.
Published: June 2023

Water pollution is the major problem in today’s scenario. The sources of water in all areas are polluted by domestic and industrial wastes, results in boring more well points and decreases the ground water sources too. The climatic change lead into failure of monsoon and made the water demand in water bodies. Henceforth recycle and reuse of waste water become essential. Conventional and modern treatment methods are suitable for waste water treatment but constraints such as essentiality of additional treatment, large area requirement, more electrical energy consumption, high maintenance and operating cost prevails us to think about bio-ozolyte system which is called as zero pollutant technique. In this study, Eco Bio Blocks (EBB), ozone and anolyte along with carbon filtration technologies are clubbed together and found effective in treating domestic, industrial as well as bio-medical natured waste too. EBB serves in reducing the basic water parameters but the microorganisms generated can be removed with the help of anolyte, ozone and heavy metals present in water using carbon filtration. Different combinations of the above mentioned technologies have been worked out for three different set of samples and the high efficient combination was identified.
Experimental Investigation on Recycled Aggregate as Partial Replacement on Natural Aggregate
Authors: Gopalakrishnan K. M. , Murugesan R. , Sampath Kumar V.
Published: June 2023

In construction industry and in urban areas, many concrete structures like buildings, bridges and roads are razed after a period of time into their service life for purpose of replacement and also due to natural disasters like earthquakes, cyclones and man made disasters like war and bombing. Due to increasing construction activities and infrastructure development works the sources of basic construction materials are depleting. It is becoming increasingly difficult to obtain good quality aggregate at reasonable prize. The increase in cost is mainly due to the cost of transportation and availability of only few quarries. Considering the present situation one of the alternate solutions would be to reuse the demolished concrete. This work deals with an experimental investigation on the effectiveness of replacement of natural aggregates by recycled aggregates in different percentages like 0%, 5%, 15%, 25%, 35%, 45%, 55%, 65%, 75%, 85% and 95% on the strength characteristics of concrete. Experiments were carried out to determine compressive uplifting tensile and flexural strength of concrete with different percentage of recycled concrete aggregate and to compare them with those of concrete made with conventional course aggregate.
A Study on Flood Hazard Mitigation of Guwahati City
Authors: Barman P. J. , Sarma B. , Sarma A. K.
Published: June 2023

The problem of urban flood of Guwahati, a city located in the northeast part of India, is one of the burning problems at present. The topography of the city is such that rainwater cannot drain out easily from the heart of the city. With rapid growth of residential area in the surrounding hills, sediment yield from the immediate upper catchment is increasing and deposition of the same in drains is adding another dimension to this problem. Therefore innovative planning and efficient design of the drainage network is necessary. An effort has been made to study finer details of the siltation process by investigating a small part of the drainage system. Theoretical analysis has revealed that for the existing cross section and bed slope, flow velocity in the drain should have exceeded the required scouring velocity to make the channel a self cleansing one. Thus, sedimentation occurs due to other factors. Possible factors responsible for sediment deposition have been analyzed and some remedial measures have been suggested. Scope of restricting sediment and water yield from the hilly watershed by implementing ecological management practices (EMP) has also been investigated and a concept of adopting optimal EMP has been suggested.
Retempering of Concrete Made by Using Artificial Sand
Authors: Patil S. S. , Pethkar A. R.
Published: June 2023

Adding water to a plastic mix to increase slump is an extremely common practice, even though it is not recommended because it increases the porosity of concrete. Concrete often arrives on site more than half an hour after initial mixing. Placement operations can take anywhere from 10 to 60 minutes, depending on the field conditions and the size of the load. When the slump decreases to an unacceptable level during the operations, water is added to the mix. Objective of this paper to study the strength characteristics of retempered concrete made by using artificial sand. Usually the retempering process is used with normal concrete or with ready mixed concrete; an attempt is made to check the compressive and flexural strength of normal retempered concrete with an addition of retarder in three different percentages as 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6% at retempering time of 15 minutes to 90 minutes. Presently there is scarcity of the natural sand. Hence it is being replaced by artificial sand. This is replaced by manufactured sand. The artificial sand is manufactured by breaking stone into smaller and smaller particles in such way that the gradation of particle will match with Zone-II of I.S. 2386- part-II.
Green Concrete Technology
Authors: Raijiwala D. B. , Patil H. S. , Kundan I. U.
Published: June 2023

Aeopolymer concrete technology has the potential to reduce globally the carbon emission and lead to a sustainable development and growth of the concrete industry. The influence of alkaline activators on the strength and durability properties has been studied. Sodium Hydroxide is available in plenty and Potassium hydroxide is more alkaline than NaOH, both were added by the same amount (50% NaOH+50%KOH) as alkaline activators alongwith sodium silicate at varying temperatures in the preparation of geopolymer concrete. Fly ash was procured from a local thermal power station. Compression test, Split tensile test, Flexure test, Pull out test and durability test were performed. The results indicate that the combination of the above constituents at 800C has a positive impact on the strength and durability properties of geopolymer concrete. Rapid strength gain mechanism has been explained with SEM images.
Second Order Analysis of Hollow Tapered Circular Bridge Pier
Authors: Halkude S. A. , Mittapalli D. L.
Published: June 2023

The Beams subjected to the axial force and lateral force simultaneously are known as beam-columns. Bridge pier is idealized as a column subjected to axial load and biaxial moment. Slender member subjected to axial force and biaxial bending moment fails due to buckling effect. This buckling is caused due to slenderness effect also known as ‘PΔ’ effect. The objective of the research reported in this paper is to obtain a theoretical formulation, using beam column theory for studying the behavior of straight hollow circular section and tapered hollow circular section of the bridge pier. Study is carried for different heights of bridge pier for straight hollow circular pier and tapered hollow circular pier. Study is carried by considering two lane box type bridge girder. Providing a straight hollow circular section for a direct & flexural action proves to be uneconomical. The straight hollow circular section of bridge pier is replaced by a tapered hollow circular pier section in the present study.
Mechanical Properties of Concrete with Ceramic Waste Aggregate
Authors: Gopinath D. , Senthamarai R. M.
Published: June 2023

Concrete prepared using ceramic waste as aggregate is comparable to conventional concrete prepared using HBG metal. Compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength and modulus of elasticity of concrete with ceramic waste aggregate were studied. Compressive strength of the concrete with ceramic waste aggregate was compared to conventional concrete. Regression equations are proposed for predicting properties of concrete with ceramic waste aggregate
Construction Dispute Resolution Framework Based on Extrinsic And Intrinsic Factors Influencing Arbitral Decision Making
Authors: Iyer K. C. , Chaphalkar N. B. , Patil Smita K.
Published: June 2023

Occurrence of disputes is a common feature in construction contracts which result in time and cost overruns and further damages the relationships between the parties. If the parties to a dispute can predict the outcome of the dispute with some certainty, they are more likely to settle the matter out of court resulting in avoidance of expenses and aggravation associated with adjudication. The outcome of construction disputes are affected by a large number of complex and interrelated factors. Dispute settlement is mainly based on the facts of the case like conditions of the contracts; actual situations on site; documents presented during arbitral proceedings etc which are termed as intrinsic factors. It is also observed that though the case may be the same but it is interpreted differently at different levels. This suggests that there may be other factors related to the arbitrator’s characteristics and other psychology aspects further termed as extrinsic factor influencing decisions.. The paper focuses on the feasibility of the Artificial Intelligence approach in predicting the outcome of construction dispute and enlists the various extrinsic factors. The tool so developed would result in dispute avoidance to some extent and would reduce the pressure on judiciary.
Effect of Compressive Load on Uplift Capacity of Pile Groups in Sand
Authors: Shanker K. , Basudhar P. K. , Patra N. R.
Published: June 2023

An experimental cum analytical study has been carried out to quantify the effect of compressive load due to stage construction on uplift capacity of model pile groups embedded in sand. Pull out tests were conducted by placing a static compressive load of 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of their ultimate capacity in compression on pile groups of different configuration and length to diameter ratio embedded in sand. The experimental results indicated that the presence of compressive load on the pile group decreases the net uplift capacity of the group and the decrease depends on the magnitude of the compressive load. Based on the experimental results a semi empirical method has been suggested to predict the net uplift capacity of a group of piles in the presence of compressive loading. The predictions are found to be in good agreement with the measured values validating the developed method of analysis.
Flexural Behaviour of Self Compacting and Self Curing Concrete Beams
Authors: Vidivelli B. , Kathiravan T. , Gobi T.
Published: June 2023

The objective of this study is comparing the flexure behaviour of self compacting concrete beams. This research is proposed to replace the constituent materials by mineral Admixtures and adding chemical admixtures. Also it is proposed to use self curing compound instead of conventional water curing. Many researchers studied about the self compacting concrete only and not for self compacting and self curing concrete, but this study proposed a methodology for self compacting and curing concrete beams. Mechanical properties such as compressive strength, split tensile strength, modulus of concrete have been found out and compared with controlled beams, self compacting concrete beams, self curing concrete beams and admixture beams. Beams in size of 125mm×250mm×1000mm were cast and tested to analyze the behaviour. The ANN modelling has compared the flexural behaviour of beams at various stages such as yield load, ultimate load and deflection.
Engineering Properties of Bentonite Stabilized with Lime and Phosphogypsum
Authors: Kumar Sujeet , Dutta Rakesh Kumar , Mohanty Bijayananda
Published: June 2023

The paper presents the engineering properties such as compaction, unconfined compressive strength, consistency limits, percentage swell, free swell index, California bearing ratio and consolidation of bentonite stabilized with lime and phosphogypsum. The content of lime and phosphogypsum was varied from 0 to 10% to check the improvement in the engineering properties. The results of this study reveal that the dry unit weight and optimum moisture content of bentonite + 8% lime increased with the addition of 8% phosphogypsum. The dry unit weight and optimum moisture content of bentonite + 8% lime increased with the addition of 8% phosphogypsum. The percentage swell increased and free swell index decreased with the addition of 8% phosphogypsum to the bentonite + 8% lime mix. The unconfined compressive strength of the bentonite + 8% lime increased with the addition of 8% phosphogypsum as well as increase in curing period up to 14 days. Beyond a phosphogypsum content of 8%, the unconfined compressive strength decreased. The liquid limit and plastic limit of bentonite + 8% lime increased where as the plasticity index remains constant with the addition 8 % phosphogypsum. The California bearing ratio, modulus of subgrade reaction, secant modulus increased for the bentonite stabilized with lime and phosphogypsum. The coefficient of consolidation of bentonite increased with the addition of 8% lime and no change with the addition of 8 % phosphogypsum. The improved behaviour of the bentonite-lime-phosphogypsum mixture will boost the construction of road pavements on such problematic soils.
Change Monitoring of Burphu Glacier from 1963 to 2011 Using Remote Sensing
Authors: Rahul Singh S. , Dhir Renu
Published: June 2023

Himalayas has one of the largest resources of snow and ice, which act as a freshwater reservoir for all the rivers originating from it. Monitoring of these resources is important for the assessment of availability of water in the Himalayan Rivers. The mapping of Glaciers is very difficult task because of the inaccessibility and remoteness of the terrain. Remote sensing techniques are often the only way to analyze glaciers in remote mountains and to monitor a large number of glaciers in multitemporal manner. This paper presents the results obtained from the analysis of a set of multitemporal Landsat MSS, TM and ETM+images for the monitoring and analysis of Burphu Glacier.
Geospatial Modeling of Rain Fall Distribution and Ground Water Fluctuation Using GIS: A Case Study for Hard Rock Terrain of Upper Ponniyar Watershed, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Arunachalam S. , Sakthivel R. , Raja Murugadoss J.
Published: June 2023

Ground water is an important natural source of drinking water for many people around the world. Further it is considered to be an essential element to maintain a proper balance between ground water fluctuation and rainfall distribution. Due to irrigation, urbanization and industrialization, the ground water level has declined to a larger extend. Hence in the present work an attempt has been made to analyse the groundwater fluctuation by taking the upper Ponniyar watershed as a study area using geographical information system (GIS). Also a correlative study has been made between the rainfall distribution and ground water fluctuation during the period from 1992 to 2012.
Design of Base Isolated School Building with Elastomeric Bearing
Authors: Niranjani E. , Aravinthan K.
Published: June 2023

In this paper, a school building which is to be located in Coimbatore region is taken. A four storied (G+3) school building having plan dimension of 16m x 54m is considered. The structure is modeled as single degree of freedom. The analysis of the structure is made by linear dynamic response spectrum method and the dynamic responses are found. From linear response spectrum analysis used in this study, the total base shear forces and storey shear forces in the columns and the absolute and relative storey drifts are found and the column having critical value is found judicially. Elastomeric bearing is designed for that column. The aim of this study is to obtain dynamic characteristics which are natural frequencies and mode shape of the structure using modal analysis and to carry out analytical modal analysis of the structure. Response spectrum analysis is carried out. Design procedures used for base isolated systems are discussed and form the basis for preliminary design procedures.
Leachate Characteristics and Evaluating Leachate Contamination Potential of Landfill Sites Using Leachate Pollution Index
Authors: Krishnamurthy M. P. , Sivapullaiah P. V. , Shambavikamath
Published: June 2023

The developing and under developing countries hazardous industrial waste is also mixed with municipal solid waste (MSW). The dumping of MSW in uncontrolled landfills can cause major impact on human health and surrounding environment. Leachate is the main culprit, causing pollution of surface water bodies and ground water. Ground water once contaminated, is very difficult task to improve. The aim of research study is to determine the leachate characteristics of Alevoor landfill near Udupi, India. The pH of samples was 8.21 and 7.77 respectively. This paper also presents the leachate contamination potential of Alevoor landfill using Rand Corporation Delphi Technique. The leachate pollution index (LPI) represents the level of contamination potential of given landfill. LPI is a single number express the overall leachate contamination potential of landfill based on several leachate pollution parameters at a given time. The LPI is also used to compare the contamination potential of different leachate sampling stations of Alevoor landfill. The LPI values of the Alevoor landfill is significantly high and proper treatment is required before the discharge of the leachate.
An Approach for Sustainable Industrial Water Management: A Case Study
Authors: Vivek S. , Elayaraja S. , Priya V.
Published: June 2023

This study is to evaluate the present water management practices followed at an industry by conducting facility survey and preliminary water audit. Based on the observation and audit, opportunities for water conservation, by adopting an integrated water management strategy was suggested. Also water Acts related to industrial water management was studies to understand its role in pressurizing industries for water stewardship. The work demonstrated that many opportunities existed to improve water conservation through technical, cultural and behavioural adaptations. These included the use of alternate water sources such as rainwater runoff, reuse of water within process units, and need for an overarching water policy to minimise water use and effluent discharge. A conceptual model for water metering and accounting was developed. To involve all the stakeholders for sustainable water management, an awareness program for the employees, interview with the water managers were conducted and their view and opinion on water management were given importance.
Impact of the Waste of Electrical and Electronics Equipment in India
Authors: Jaikumar R. A. , Senthilkumar R. A. , Radhika S.
Published: June 2023

In this paper has discussed with the problem the major problem that the human race is facing now is the effects of the E-pollution caused by the waste of Electrical and Electronics Equipments. Dumping of WEEE in public places and water resources are creating serious health hazards and unless and until it is controlled the reaction out of this world cause infection which would create a lot of disadvantage to the society .So, there should be a rule to prevent the people from damaging the ecosystem of our country to save nature to save people. The implementation of strict law for the prohibition of dumping WEEE should be sanctioned by the legal system and it should be activated by the Indian Penal Code. There are about 94 types of electronic products as re-selling illegally by recycling methods. An economic is designed to achieve an optimal source to reuse and reduce the WEEE.
Review on Closed Loop Automated Irrigation System
Authors: Venkatapur Rekha B. , Nikitha S.
Published: June 2023

Abstract – India is mainly an agricultural country. Irrigation is a vital component of agricultural production. Irrigation is a process of applying controlled amount of water to plants at regular interval. There are various technological improvements in irrigation including automated irrigation. Compared to manual irrigation, automated irrigation system can save water and maximize productivity. Automated irrigation system can be either closed/feedback control system or open/non-feedback control system. Feedback control systems monitor’s environmental parameters to control irrigation. Closed loop control system can be either plant/crop based system or soil based system. This paper reviews the various closed loop automatic irrigation system and proposes an automated irrigation system using thermography. The proposed system uses an IR thermal camera to capture IR image of plant canopy. Captured IR image is superimposed with digital image to identify water deficit area and corresponding valve is opened to start irrigation. The amount of water to be applied is controlled by soil moisture sensor deployed on agriculture field. When sensor value reaches the predefined threshold value corresponding valve is closed to stop irrigation. Efficient water management system is proposed by using plant or leaf canopy temperature to start irrigation.
Analyze and Design of a High Rise Unsymmetrical Building with Dampers
Authors: Rama Krishna Reddy Chindukuri , Ghorpade Vaishali G. , Sudarsana Rao H.
Published: June 2023

Earthquake load is changing into an excellent concern in our country as a result of not one zone may be selected as earthquake resistant zone. One of the most important aspects is to construct a building structure, which can resist the seismic force efficiently. The basic designs for vertical and lateral loads i.e. wind & seismic are the same for low, medium or high rise buildings. The vertical loads increase in direct proportion to the floor area and number of floors. In distinction to the current, the result of lateral loads on a building isn't linear and increase quickly with increase in height. Due to these lateral loads, moments on steel components will be very high. By providing viscous dampers these moments can be reduced. In the present analysis, a residential building with 20 floors is analyzed with columns, columns with viscous dampers at different locations were for all the 2 cases. The building is analyzed in Zone 2 & Zone 5 with three soils in both static & Dynamic Analysis. Moments, Shear, Displacement was compared for all the cases. It is observed that the deflection was reduced by providing the viscous dampers. A commercial package ETABS2013 has been utilized for analyzing high-rise building of 60m height and for zone-II & zone-V. The result has been compared using tables & graph to find out the most optimized solution. Concluding remark has been made on the basis of this analysis & comparison tables.
Effects of Risk Management on Project Performance
Authors: Senthamil Prabu S. , Krishna C.
Published: June 2023

Risks are very common in construction sector. Risk is the Possibility of suffering loss and the impact on the involved parties. All projects are inherently risky because they are unique, constrained, complex, based on assumptions, and performed by people. As a result, project risk management methods must be built into the management of projects and should be used throughout the project lifecycle. Many construction projects fail because organizations assume that all the projects would succeed and they therefore do not identify, analyze, and provide mitigation or contingencies for the risk elements involved in the project. Society desires that all projects should be performing and has become less tolerant of failure. Pressure is exerted on project managers to minimize the chance of project failure. This increasing pressure for performance which suggests that it is prudent for anyone involved in a project to be concerned about the associated risks and how they can be effectively managed. Traditionally, performance of a project is analyzed on the criteria of quality, budget and time of completion.
Experimental Investigation on Strength and Durability Characteristics of Multi Blended Cement Concrete
Authors: Arya Saresh , Niranjan V.
Published: June 2023

The main aim of the present study is to determine the strength of concrete mix of M30 grade, with partial replacement of cement with Silica fume, Rice husk ash and FLY-ASH. Portland cement is the most important ingredient of concrete and is a versatile and relatively high cost material. Large scale production of cement is causing environmental problems on one hand and depletion of natural resources on other hand. Hence, the researchers are currently focused on use of waste material having cementing properties (such as fly ash, GGBS, metakaloin, silica fume, rice husk ash) which can be added in concrete as partial replacement of cement, without compromising on its strength and durability, which will result in decrease of cement production thus reduction in emission in greenhouse gases, in addition to sustainable management of the waste. This paper presents a study on mechanical and durability properties of ternary blend is a mixture of three products (i.e. portland cement and two SCMs ) and quaternary blend is a mixture of four products (i.e. portland cement and three SCMs ). The pozzolanic material such as fly ash, silica fume, rice husk ash were used as a cement replacing materials in conjuction with ordinary Portland cement. This paper presents a study on mechanical and durability properties of concrete made with multi component cement. Study includes concept of multi blended cement exploits the beneficial characteristics of all pozzolanic materials in producing better concrete.
Analysis of ring apophysis in the developing human spine
Authors:   , Li Minghao
Published: June 2023

This study used MRI to investigate the anatomy and development of ring apophyses (RA) in healthy adolescents and those with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). The study found a positive correlation between age and RA development in healthy individuals, and a disparity in RA morphology between the convexity and concavity in AIS. Limbus vertebrae were found in some participants, and their development was tracked through sequential MRI. The study highlights the potential of MRI for interval development tracking and provides new insights into the pathogenesis and pathoanatomy of AIS.
From creative thinking to enterprising creativity: Australian teacher's lived experience
Authors:   , Lorimer Kai-Stefanie Maria
Published: June 2023

This study aims to understand how Australian high school teachers develop creative capabilities in students. Teachers’ efforts are influenced by many factors, including the lack of an agreed-upon definition for creative capability, here conceptualised as enterprising creativity. A phenomenologically influenced analysis of unstructured interviews reveals five essential meaning structures that appear to underpin the Teaching for Enterprising Creativity (TEC) as experienced by teachers in pedagogical practice and professional collaboration. The findings of this study provide insights into the structure and sequential process of TEC and contribute to the development of an Australian conceptualization of enterprising creativity in education.
Socio-Cultural Factors Associated with Child Physical Abuse: Pragmatic Facts from Malakand, Pakistan
Authors: Ullah Irfan , Shah S. Naqeeb Hussain , Muneer Akhtar , Shah Sher
Published: June 2023

Child abuse is one of the most serious problems in the world. The issue of child abuse is a major concern for governments around the globe, as it has a profound effect on society. As a result of this problem, many media houses, scholars and people from all walks of life are engaged in trying to understand and examine the problem of child abuse, especially in terms of causes and measures. The present study will provide beneficial and purposeful information on child physical abuse and the feasible relationship with cultural factors. Therefore, this study aims to highlight the major problems faced by children in the form of physical abuse in Malakand district. The purpose of the present study is to fulfill the research gap in Malakand District about the consequences of physical abuse of children who have experienced numerous or all types of physical abuse. The study was based on the interviews from the volunteers about Physical punishments in Malakand.
Hospital Length of Stay Independently Predicts Mortality in Patients Emergently Admitted for Esophageal Hemorrhage: Sex, Frailty, and Age as Additional Mortality Factors
Authors:   Westchester Medical Center, School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, Elgar Guy , Smiley Abbas ,   Westchester Medical Center, School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, Syal Arjun ,   Westchester Medical Center, School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, Latifi Rifat ,   College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding results in greater than $7.6 billion of in-hospital economic burden in the United States yearly. With a worldwide incidence between 40–100/100,000 individuals and a mortality rate of approximately 2–10%, upper gastrointestinal bleeding represents a major source of mortality and morbidity. The goal of this study was to describe mortality risk factors in patients emergently admitted with esophageal hemorrhage, the second most common etiology of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Materials and Methods: Patients emergently admitted with esophageal hemorrhage between 2005–2014 were evaluated using the National Inpatient Sample database. Patient characteristics, clinical outcomes, and therapeutic trends were obtained. Relationships between morality and all other variables were determined via univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses. Results: In total, 4,607 patients were included, of which 2,045 (44.4%) were adults, 2,562 (55.6%) were elderly, 2,761 (59.9%) were males, and 1,846 (40.1%) were females. The average age of adult and elderly patients were 50.1 and 78.7 years, respectively. The multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed, for every additional day of hospitalization, the odds of mortality for nonoperatively treated adult and elderly patients increased by 7.5% (p=<0.001) and 6.6% (p=<0.001), respectively. Every additional year of age was associated with a 5.4% (p=0.012) increase in mortality odds for nonoperatively managed adult patients. Frailty increased the odds of mortality by 31.1% (p=0.009) in nonoperatively treated elderly patients. Undergoing invasive diagnostic procedures in conservatively treated adults reduced mortality significantly (odds ratio=0.400, p=0.021). Frailty, age, and hospital length of stay demonstrated no significant association with mortality in surgically managed adult and elderly patients. Conclusion: Nonoperatively managed patients emergently admitted for esophageal hemorrhage with longer hospital length of stay and higher modified frailty index exhibited higher odds of mortality. Invasive diagnostic procedures were negatively correlated with mortality in nonoperatively treated adult patients. Age is only associated with higher mortality rates in adults, while elderly patients revealed no association between age and mortality.
New generation antiseptics and disinfectants for the prevention and treatment of diseases in animals
Authors: Batrakov A. Yu. , Videnin V. N.
Published: June 2023

The main etiological factors for the occurrence of limb diseases in cows were unsatisfactory sanitary and hygienic conditions. At the same time, the incidence of cows with mastitis was 22.8-28.6%. Antiseptics and disinfectants used for the treatment and prevention of such diseases are not effective enough. The purpose of this work was to identify the role and effectiveness of antiseptics and disinfectants of a new generation in the conditions of livestock complexes for the production of milk, as well as during operations on small animals in clinics in St. Petersburg.