bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kaleidoscope
Authors: Tracy Derek K. , Joyce Dan W. , Shergill Sukhwinder S.
Published: January 2015

Social bonding and a need to belong are core human characteristics,
with phylogenetically ancient roots from our distant past. We
typically prefer companionship to solitude, even when there are no direct
benefits from being in company. Wagner et al1 tested the effects of shared emotional experiences between
friends: pairs – one having a neuroimaging scan while the other was
separated in a waiting area – were both shown emotionally negative, positive
and neutral images, and were told if their companion was simultaneously
seeing the same picture or not. Both subjective reports of their emotional
response and activation of their brain reward circuitry were greater during
shared emotional trials, whether negative or positive, even in the absence
of any communication or interaction. Shared experience appears to amplify
our emotional responses.
Efficacy of cognitive bias modification interventions in anxiety
and depression: Meta-analysis
Authors: Cristea Ioana A. , Kok Robin N. , Cuijpers Pim
Published: January 2015

Background

Cognitive bias modification (CBM) interventions are strongly advocated in
research and clinical practice.

Aims

To examine the efficiency of CBM for clinically relevant outcomes, along
with study quality, publication bias and potential moderators.

Method

We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of CBM interventions that
reported clinically relevant outcomes assessed with standardised
instruments.

Results

We identified 49 trials and grouped outcomes into anxiety and depression.
Effect sizes were small considering all the samples, and mostly
non-significant for patient samples. Effect sizes became non-significant
when outliers were excluded and after adjustment for publication bias.
The quality of the RCTs was suboptimal.

Conclusions

CBM may have small effects on mental health problems, but it is also very
well possible that there are no significant clinically relevant effects.
Research in this field is hampered by small and low-quality trials, and
by risk of publication bias. Many positive outcomes are driven by extreme
outliers.
Can psychedelic compounds play a part in drug dependence therapy?
Authors: Sessa Ben , Johnson Matthew W.
Published: January 2015

After a 40-year hiatus there is now a revisiting of psychedelic drug therapy throughout psychiatry, with studies examining the drugs psilocybin, ketamine, ibogaine and ayahuasca in the treatment of drug dependence. Limitations to these therapies are both clinical and legal, but the possibility of improving outcomes for patients with substance dependency imposes an obligation to research this area.
Expanding the Phenotypic Spectrum and Variability of Endocrine Abnormalities Associated With TUBB3 E410K Syndrome
Authors: Balasubramanian Ravikumar , Chew Sheena , MacKinnon Sarah E. , Kang Peter B. , Andrews Caroline , Chan Wai-Man , Engle Elizabeth C.
Published: January 2015

Context:

A heterozygous de novo c.1228G>A mutation (E410K) in the TUBB3 gene encoding the neuronal-specific β-tubulin isotype 3 (TUBB3) causes the TUBB3 E410K syndrome characterized by congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles (CFEOM), facial weakness, intellectual and social disabilities, and Kallmann syndrome (anosmia with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism). All TUBB3 E410K subjects reported to date are sporadic cases.

Objective:

This study aimed to report the clinical, genetic, and molecular features of a familial presentation of the TUBB3 E410K syndrome.

Design:

Case report of a mother and three affected children with clinical features of the TUBB3 E410K syndrome.

Setting:

Academic Medical Center.

Main Outcome Measures:

Genetic analysis of the TUBB3 gene and clinical evaluation of endocrine and nonendocrine phenotypes.

Results:

A de novo TUBB3 c.1228G>A mutation arose in a female proband who displayed CFEOM, facial weakness, intellectual and social disabilities, and anosmia. However, she underwent normal sexual development at puberty and had three spontaneous pregnancies with subsequent autosomal-dominant inheritance of the mutation by her three boys. All sons displayed nonendocrine features of the TUBB3 E410K syndrome similar to their mother but, in addition, had variable features suggestive of additional endocrine abnormalities.

Conclusions:

This first report of an autosomal-dominant inheritance of the TUBB3 c.1228G>A mutation in a family provides new insights into the spectrum and variability of endocrine phenotypes associated with the TUBB3 E410K syndrome. These observations emphasize the need for appropriate clinical evaluation and complicate genetic counseling of patients and families with this syndrome.
INSEPARABLE FROM YOUR OWN LIFE
Authors: Almeida Ana
Published: January 2015

In this guest column, the author argues against Wittgenstein's aphorism that the human body is the best picture of the human soul. Such a picture, she shows, would have to include all that a person is, in some sense, inseparable from. Drawing from Plato's analogy between city and soul, and from Socrates's description of a luxurious city, this piece argues that what we are inseparable from are mostly things and persons that our body can go on without. To the extent that such things and persons, and the relationship in which we stand to them, are distinct from our bodies, what we are inseparable from is also a sign that we are not self-sufficient creatures. Thus, the piece concludes, inseparability is evidence of the species' gregariousness, and the body is only one among many tokens of a person's soul.
Introduction: Greco-Latin Findings
Authors: Perl Jeffrey M. , Forsdyke Sara , Davis Colin , Lebow Richard Ned , Friedman Yvonne
Published: January 2015

In this introduction to part 2 of the Common Knowledge symposium “Peace by Other Means,” the journal's editor reflects on the difference between the contributions to parts 1 and 2. Whereas the first installment concentrated on ethnography, the second focuses on the peacemaking repertoire of the Greco-Latin tradition, whose basis is psychological. That tradition is characterized by its refusal of wishful thinking about human nature and, in particular, by its doubt about claims that human drives other than thumos — the rage for self-aggrandizement — motivate the initiators of wars. Given this assumption about motive, the Greco-Latin tradition tends also to regard negotiations based on the rational discussion of material interests as unlikely to succeed. Success requires symbolic and ritual gestures — acts of self-humiliation on the part of those apparently with the greatest power — by which thumos is propitiated and pacified. Most of the introduction considers cases of such settlements, including two contemporary efforts at ritual peacemaking, a successful one by Queen Elizabeth II in Ireland and an unsuccessful one by Pope Francis in the Middle East.
LIVY AND CORNEILLE
Authors: Davis Colin
Published: January 2015

The great Roman historian Livy describes a radical attempt at conflict resolution in his version of the story of the Horatii. The warring cities of Rome and Alba agree to settle their differences by pitting two sets of triplets against each other in a battle to the death. Two of the Roman champions, the Horatii, are killed, but the remaining brother wins the day for his city. In a further twist, he then goes on to kill his sister when he finds her grieving for one of the dead Alban brothers, to whom she was betrothed. Although guilty of a dreadful crime, by the will of the people the murderer is spared because of his services to the state. In the version of the story dramatized by the seventeenth-century French playwright Pierre Corneille, it is rather the Roman king who saves the surviving Horatius by deeming that his heroism places him above the law. This article considers whether the interests of the state can offset private crimes, as appears to be the case in the versions of the story told by both Livy and Corneille; and it concludes by referring to Livy's continuation of the story, which shows the resolution of the conflict to be short-lived.
THUMOS, WAR, AND PEACE
Authors: Lebow Richard Ned
Published: January 2015

This contribution to the Common Knowledge symposium “Peace by Other Means” argues that the drive for self-esteem, achieved by gaining honor or standing, has been a root cause of violent conflict and war throughout history and that peace-making that does not take account of what the Greeks called thumos is bound to fail. Using an original data set of all wars since 1648 (the Peace of Westphalia) involving great or rising powers, the essay shows how wars associated with honor, standing, and revenge, all expressions of thumos, far outnumber those caused by security or material concerns. At the same time, it is argued, diplomacy and the theory of international relations have turned increasingly toward belief that conflicts are resolved only by negotiation based on the rational consideration of material interests. The author concludes that conflict resolution needs to rethink its presumptions in comparison with those of Greco-Latin literature and philosophy.
HOW TO END HOLY WAR
Authors: Friedman Yvonne
Published: January 2015

Crusaders and Muslims each applied to their conflict in the Latin East a doctrine of holy war. Although so ideological a stance toward each other would seem to preclude peacemaking efforts, some 120 treaties were signed between parties to the conflict during the two-century Latin presence in the Holy Land (1097 – 1291). Explored here is how each party overcame this incongruity between ideology and praxis and sought a “small peace,” which is temporary and practical, rather than “great peace,” which is a final settlement. Features of these peace-making efforts examined here include the temporal nature of the treaties, the need for a pretext for making peace, gestural language and public ceremonies, gift giving, meal sharing, and oath taking that demonstrate familiarity with one's opponent's beliefs. Also considered is the interplay between state and nonstate entities in peacemaking endeavors and how it reflected the balance of power in the medieval Latin arena. The article concludes with a brief consideration of the shifting historical circumstances that ended medieval peacemaking in the East.
Preparation and Characterization of Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) Membrane
Authors: Woo Sahng Hyuck , Kim Kwang-Mo , Park Jinwon , Min Byoung Ryul
Published: January 2015

Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membrane blended with synthesized graft poly(vinylidene fluoride)-graft-poly(potassiosulfonatopropyl methacrylate) (PVDF-g-PSPMA) (A2) was prepared via a nonsolvent-induced phase separation for purpose of antifouling property enhancement. Blending of PVDF-g-PSPMA led to low water contact angle value in comparison with pristine PVDF membrane (A1). This property ultimately resulted in antifouling characteristics enhancement of the A2 membrane. For example, the A2 membrane displayed normalized flux (Jv/J0) as well as permeate flux superior to the A1 membrane.
Cellular Service Demand: Biased Beliefs, Learning, and Bill Shock
Authors: Grubb Michael D. , Osborne Matthew
Published: January 2015

Following FCC pressure to end bill shock, cellular carriers now alert customers when they exceed usage allowances. We estimate a model of plan choice, usage, and learning using a 2002–2004 panel of cellular bills. Accounting for firm price adjustment, we predict that implementing alerts in 2002–2004 would have lowered average annual consumer welfare by $33. We show that consumers are inattentive to past usage, meaning that bill-shock alerts are informative. Additionally, our estimates imply that consumers are overconfident, underestimating the variance of future calling. Overconfidence costs consumers $76 annually at 2002–2004 prices. Absent overconfidence, alerts would have little to no effect. (JEL D12, D18, L11, L96, L98)
Institutional Corruption and Election Fraud: Evidence from a Field Experiment in Afghanistan
Authors: Callen Michael , Long James D.
Published: January 2015

We investigate the relationship between political networks, weak institutions, and election fraud during the 2010 parliamentary election in Afghanistan combining: (i) data on political connections between candidates and election officials; (ii) a nationwide controlled evaluation of a novel monitoring technology; and (iii) direct measurements of aggregation fraud. We find considerable evidence of aggregation fraud in favor of connected candidates and that the announcement of a new monitoring technology reduced theft of election materials by about 60 percent and vote counts for connected candidates by about 25 percent. The results have implications for electoral competition and are potentially actionable for policymakers. (JEL C93, D02, D72, K42, O17)
The Cost of Financial Frictions for Life Insurers
Authors: Koijen Ralph S. J. , Yogo Motohiro
Published: January 2015

During the financial crisis, life insurers sold long-term policies at deep discounts relative to actuarial value. The average markup was as low as −19 percent for annuities and −57 percent for life insurance. This extraordinary pricing behavior was due to financial and product market frictions, interacting with statutory reserve regulation that allowed life insurers to record far less than a dollar of reserve per dollar of future insurance liability. We identify the shadow cost of capital through exogenous variation in required reserves across different types of policies. The shadow cost was $0.96 per dollar of statutory capital for the average company in November 2008. (JEL G01, G22, G28, G32)
Mergers When Prices Are Negotiated: Evidence from the Hospital Industry
Authors: Gowrisankaran Gautam , Nevo Aviv , Town Robert
Published: January 2015

We estimate a bargaining model of competition between hospitals and managed care organizations (MCOs) and use the estimates to evaluate the effects of hospital mergers. We find that MCO bargaining restrains hospital prices significantly. The model demonstrates the potential impact of coinsurance rates, which allow MCOs to partly steer patients toward cheaper hospitals. We show that increasing patient coinsurance tenfold would reduce prices by 16 percent. We find that a proposed hospital acquisition in Northern Virginia that was challenged by the Federal Trade Commission would have significantly raised hospital prices. Remedies based on separate bargaining do not alleviate the price increases. (JEL C78, G34, I11, I13, L13)
Quantification of polysaccharides fixed to Gram stained slides using lactophenol cotton blue and digital image processing
Authors: Ericksen Bryan
Published: January 2015

I discovered indigo rings and circles in Escherichia coli ATCC® 25922™ cultures when I added the non-specific polysaccharide stain lactophenol cotton blue to Gram stained slides sampled from 96-well plates used to measure quantitative growth kinetics (QGK) in virtual colony count antimicrobial assays. I attribute the dark blue staining to the presence of capsular polysaccharides and bacterial slime associated with clumps of cells.  Since all bacterial cells are glycosylated, the majority of cells stain light blue. The contrast between dark and light staining is sufficient to enable a digital image processing thresholding technique to be quantitative for circular or ring-shaped structures that imply the presence of slime fixed to the glass. These polysaccharides indicate a possible mechanism of resistance to antimicrobial peptides such as defensins, lectins with high affinity for polysaccharides and glycosylated proteins.  Adding lactophenol cotton blue to Gram stained slides is a quick and inexpensive way to screen cell cultures for bacterial slime, clumps and biofilms, revealing details of polysaccharide secretion that are missed using the Gram stain alone.  Combined with QGK threshold times, the lactophenol cotton blue Gram stain followed by digital image processing provides quantitative information useful for quality control, environmental monitoring and detection of clumping environmental factors.
The image of community nursing: implications for future student nurse recruitment
Authors: Norman Kay M
Published: January 2015

Young people's perceptions of nursing and, in particular, community nursing, do not reflect the realities of the profession. Community nursing needs to promote a realistic and positive image to young people who may consider nursing as a future career pathway. Strategies to increase awareness and understanding of community nursing roles are urgently required to halt the dissonance between the political drivers influencing changes in community care services, the advancing complexities of nursing roles, and the stereotypical imagery of nursing that continues to influence public thinking and interpretation of roles. The article draws on research that investigated the views of 40 young people from four schools in the West Midlands regarding nursing as a profession.
Court-authorised deprivation of liberty
Authors: Griffith Richard
Published: January 2015

The United Kingdom Supreme Court judgment in Cheshire West and Chester Council v P in 2014 introduced a more inclusive ‘acid test’ for determining the objective element of a deprivation of liberty in cases concerning people who lack decision-making capacity. The case made clear that adults and young people who lack capacity could be deprived of their liberty in care settings other than hospitals and care homes, including the person's own home. A deprivation of liberty that occurs in a setting other than a hospital or care home must be authorised by a Court. This article explains the revised process for applying for Court authorisation of a deprivation of liberty where it occurs in supported living, Shared Lives placements or the incapable person's own home.
Diffusion in Semiconductors by Using Fourier Series Expansion Technique
Authors: El-Adawi M , Abdel-Ghany S , Shalaby S
Published: January 2015

Doping by diffusion is still one of acceptable and important methods that have essential technological applications. A theoretical approach to study diffusion in semi-conductors is introduced. The diffusion equation together with Fick's law and mass balance equation are solved to obtain the concentration function and the mass penetration depth using Fourier Series expansion technique. Doping of indium, phosphorus, gallium and Arsenic in Silicon as illustrative examples are given.
Dye-Doped Fluorescent Nanoparticles in Molecular Imaging: A Review of Recent Advances and Future Opportunities
Authors: Ali Yadollahpour , Zohre Rezaee , Mostafa Jalilifar , Samaneh Rashidi
Published: January 2015

Molecular imaging (MI) is an in vivo assessment of characterization and quantitatively measurement of biological processes at the molecular level. Determination of pathologies of malfunctioned tissues without invasive biopsies or surgical procedures, early detection, monitoring of treatment process and visualization of cell trafficking are advantages of this approach. One example of basic requirement of MI is high affinity molecular probe that acts as the source of image contrast. Recent advances in nanotechnology have developed the use of nanoparticles as MI probe. Optical molecular imaging is one of the main categories of molecular imaging with great potentials for in vivo cell trafficking. Fluorescent nanoparticles are a major group of nanoparticles in optical molecular imaging. Dye-doped, quantum dots and up conversion particles are three classes of fluorescent nanoparticles. This paper reviews the basic principles of molecular imaging based on nanoparticles focusing on the optical molecular imaging. The characteristics of dye-doped nanoparticles, their as well as of that are reviewed in this paper.
Cyberbullying e Ambiente Escolar: Um Estudo Exploratório e Colaborativo entre a Escola e a Universidade
Authors: Freire Isabel , Alves Maria Manuela , Breia Ana Paula , Conceição Diana , Fragoso Lenia
Published: January 2015

Neste texto apresenta‑se um estudo sobre a temática do cyberbullying, realizado com os alunos do 8º ano de escolaridade de uma escola privada. Faz‑se uma descrição do fenómeno em estudo naquela realidade educativa e evidenciam‑se algumas relações com o ambiente relacional e social da escola, com base na análise de dados recolhidos através de um questionário de respostas fechadas e abertas. Observou‑se que, nesta amostra de alunos, o contacto com o cyberbullying apresenta uma incidência relativamente alta, e que este fenómeno se liga às relações escolares entre pares, parecendo que a intimidação presencial é transposta para o ciberespaço. Os resultados da análise revelam ainda que uma importante parte dos jovens são observadores do fenómeno. Parecem existir alguns indícios de associação entre a incidência relativamente alta de cyberbullying e o ambiente sociorelacional da escola, onde alguns alunos se sentem discriminados.
Design and Development of RC Railed Robot for Coffee Nursery Logistics
Authors: Dizon Marivic Gatan , Sevillano Carlo Tan , Cabaluna Mark Anthony Timanel
Published: January 2015

The Remote Controlled (RC) Railed Robot was designed and developed to transfer polybags from manual operation to an automated logistic system. Gizduino microcontroller was used to read and interpret commands sent and received by the transceivers to the robot and a remote to command instructions to the robot.The project was tested and evaluated at the Coffee Nursery of Cavite State University by determining the speed of the robot, the effectiveness of the remote control and the accuracy of the robot to lift a pallet and place it into an empty space.Results showed that the robot was able to receive and interpret commands provided by the remote control as well as perform the tasks successfully.The most significant recommendation was to use a counterweight at the rear side of the robot to avoid unnecessary derailments of the robot if lifting heavier or greater number of pallets is desired.
An Experiment of Ocular Artifacts Elimination from EEG Signals using ICA and PCA Methods
Authors: Turnip Arjon , R. Setiawan Iwan , Junaidi Edy , Nguyen Le Hoa
Published: January 2015

In the modern world of automation, biological signals, especially Electroencephalogram (EEG) is gaining wide attention as a source of biometric information. Eye-blinks and movement of the eyeballs produce electrical signals (contaminate the EEG signals) that are collectively known as ocular artifacts. These noise signals are required to be separated from the EEG signals to obtain the accurate results. This paper reports an experiment of ocular artifacts elimination from EEG signal using blind source separation algorithm based on independent component analysis and principal component analysis. EEG signals are recorded on three conditions, which are normal conditions, closed eyes, and blinked eyes. After processing, the dominant frequency of EEG signals in the range of 12-14 Hz either on normal, closed, and blinked eyes conditions is obtained.
A ictiofauna do rio Tatuí, SP, Brasil e sua relação com impactos ambientais
Authors: Stefani Marta Severino , Smith Welber Senteio
Published: January 2015

O crescimento das cidades no interior do estado de São Paulo tem causado grandes impactos nos ecossistemas aquáticos, como é o caso do rio Tatuí que faz parte da bacia do rio Sorocaba e Médio Tietê. Estudos sobre sua ictiofauna são relevantes para a conservação e o monitoramento desse rio, sob a óptica de que o rio Tatuí é um dos afluentes que mais contribui com a poluição do rio Sorocaba. Esse trabalho teve como objetivo inventariar a ictiofauna do rio Tatuí e relacioná-las com as interferências antrópicas as quais é submetido. Foram realizadas coletas nos períodos seco e chuvoso de 2010 onde foram identificadas 18 espécies de peixes, distribuídas em 9 famílias e 2 ordens. A família mais representativa foi Characidae, com 5 espécies seguido pela família Loricariidae, com 3 espécies. A espécie mais abundante foi Hypostomus margaritifer, seguido por Hypostomus ancistroides. Considerando todos os trabalhos já realizados no rio Tatuí, um total de 53 espécies de peixes foram identificadas. Estes resultados corroboram com outros trabalhos realizados no Alto Paraná e na bacia do rio Sorocaba. Foi obtida correlação inversa entre sólidos totais dissolvidos, riqueza e diversidade, o que pode ser explicado pelo fato do rio Tatuí encontrar-se impactado em toda a sua extensão, principalmente pela falta de vegetação ciliar, assoreamento e lançamento de esgoto doméstico e industrial.
No Longer a Girl
Authors: Martinez Alejandra
Published: January 2015

This autoethnographic paper arises from my interest in studying contemporary masculinities in the city of Córdoba, Argentina. It describes my experience as a female in the masculine space of a karate dojo and is based on records from a martial arts class between 2005 and 2010. I have selected some of the moments that I consider the most significant to convey three elements: (a) life in the dojo, including rituals and specific practices; (b) the exaltation of masculinity and the trials that men must overcome; and (c) the experience of masculinity in my body as a woman who enters a man's world and strives to be a part of it.
Teaching Technology
Authors: Pierce Joy
Published: January 2015

Discussions of digital inclusion presume marginalized groups will benefit from the same hardware, software, and online uses as mainstream groups. However, when talking about participatory culture and the potential to become digital prosumers, children whose parents do not speak English are at a greater disadvantage than children whose parents are native English speakers. Digital literacy activities serve the family first by bridging cultural knowledge and household responsibilities (Barillas & MacGillivray, 2008). Such tasks put immigrant children at a disadvantage compared with their native English-speaking peers who are using digital technologies to learn, play, create, socialize, and participate civically. Therefore, it is crucial that we study how digital literacy and online social networks operate in the school as well as at home.
Inter and Intra Variation of Potato Yellow Vein Virus in Three Potato Species From Colombia
Authors: Rodríguez Patricia Andrea , Franco Lara Liliana , Guzmán Barney Mónica
Published: January 2015

Potato yellow vein virus (PYVV), (family Closteroviridae, genus Crinivirus) is a re-emergent virus in Andean countries. Low inter-isolate variation has been reported for PYVV CP gene, but there are no reports for intra-isolate variation. Inter- and intra-isolate variability in CP from a population of PYVV was studied. Samples of 216 symptomatic potato plants (115 Solanum tuberosum subsp. andigena (STA), 100 Solanum phureja (SPH) and 1 Solanum chaucha (SCH)) were collected in five Colombian departments. Viral isolates were amplified by RT-PCR and the amplicons were analyzed by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP). Six different migration SSCP patterns (A to F) with different complexities were observed among the population. Pattern A was detected in the five departments in 66% of the isolates. Pattern E was found only in the department of Cundinamarca with a frequency of 0.09%. Patterns B, C, D and F were found in similar proportions of from 13% to 5.6% and were present in the five departments. Homology at the nucleotide level of 75% of the sequence of the CP gene was greater than 99% and the dN/dS ratio (no-synonymous/synonymous changes) was 0.002. Amplicons of the whole CP gene of eight selected isolates representing the six SSCP patterns were cloned and the SSCP analysis showed that, in all cases, more than one variant was present. The sequence analysis of the 35 clones confirmed intra-isolate variability of PYVV. The existence of several variants in a single field isolate was demonstrated and negative selection against amino acid changes of the CP was suggested.
Poblaciones de Ácaros, Colémbolos y otra Mesofauna en un Inceptisol bajo Diferentes Manejos
Authors: Sánchez de Prager Marina , Sierra Monroy Alexandra , Peñaranda Parada Martha Rocío
Published: January 2015

En un suelo Humic dystrudepts sembrado con maíz y ubicado en Palmira (Colombia), se estimaron cambios en poblaciones de mesofauna (con énfasis en ácaros y colémbolos) y en algunas de sus propiedades físicas ocasionados por el uso de abonos verdes (AV). Se establecieron cinco tratamientos bajo un diseño experimental de bloques completos al azar: Testigo, Fertilización química, AV, Compost, y AV más Compost. El AV fue una mezcla de Canavalia ensiformis L. y Axonopus scoparius Hitchc. La mesofauna se extrajo con un cilindro metálico de 10 cm de diámetro y 5 cm de altura. Los meso invertebrados se separaron por el método Berlesse-Tullgren y se estimó su riqueza en unidades taxonómicas (UT) y abundancia en número de individuos/1000 cm3 de suelo, separando los primeros 10 cm de profundidad. Los muestreos se realizaron en cuatro etapas: antes del establecimiento de los AV, durante el periodo de crecimiento de los AV, ocho semanas después de la adición de los AV y en etapa de cosecha del maíz. El análisis estadístico mostró que la mayoría de diferencias significativas ocurrió entre las épocas de muestreo y en menor proporción entre tratamientos. Los ácaros y colémbolos fueron las poblaciones dominantes dentro de la mesofauna del suelo. El corte y adición de los AV y el compost incrementaron sus poblaciones, siendo los ácaros Oribátida y Mesostigmata y los colémbolos Entomobryidae e Isotomidae los más abundantes. La densidad aparente, estabilidad de agregados, ácaros y colémbolos mostraron sensibilidad a los cambios introducidos en el sistema maíz por el uso de los abonos verdes y compost.
Tipificación de Diferentes Estados de Madurez del Fruto de Agraz (Vaccinium meridionale Swartz)
Authors: Buitrago Guacaneme Claudia Marcela , Rincón Soledad Martha Cecilia , Balaguera López Helber Enrique , Ligarreto Moreno Gustavo Adolfo
Published: January 2015

La planta de agraz o mortiño es un arbusto que pertenece al género Vaccinium, conocido hoy en día por ser fuente de altos contenidos de antioxidantes en sus frutos, por consiguiente sirve para inhibir la oxidación de las grasas y es usado como nutracéutico en la prevención de enfermedades degenerativas en el humano, aspectos que han favorecido sus posibilidades de transformación y comercialización. En el mercado se observan frutos en diferentes grados de madurez, en detrimento de la calidad final; en parte por carecer de una caracterización fisicoquímica y de un criterio definido para la recolección del fruto. Por lo tanto, se establecieron estados de madurez basados en el color de la epidermis, por medio de los cuales se caracterizó el fruto. En cada estado de madurez, se evaluó el peso promedio, diámetro, pH, sólidos solubles totales (SST), acidez total titulable (ATT), relación de madurez (SST/ATT) y porcentaje de germinación de las semillas. De acuerdo al color del fruto se establecieron seis estados de madurez (0-5), diámetro de 0,8 a 1 cm y peso aproximado de 0,5 g. Los SST presentaron valores de 7,3 a 13,8 ºBrix con un comportamiento ascendente durante la maduración, contrario a la tendencia descendente que exhibió la firmeza y el pH con valores de 5,8 a 0,54 y 2,32 a 2,1 respectivamente; por su parte la ATT presentó una variación de 2,2 a 3. Se observó un incremento en la relación de madurez de 2,56 en el estado 0 a 6,17 en el estado 5.
Chemical, Physicochemical and Functional Characteristics of Dietary Fiber Obtained From Asparagus byproducts (Asparagus officinalis L.)
Authors: Agudelo Cadavid Edith Lorena , Restrepo Molina Diego Alonso , Cartagena Valenzuela José Régulo
Published: January 2015

Due to its mechanical and biochemical properties, dietary fiber is part of a healthy diet. Containing good levels of prebiotics, asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) produces healthy effects when incorporated into processed foods. The objective of the current study was to obtain fiber from asparagus byproducts and determine its chemical composition [Total Dietary Fiber (TDF), protein, moisture and ash)] and physicochemical [pH, and water activity (aw)] and functional characteristics [Water Absorption Index (WAI), Water Solubility Index (WSI), Oil Absorption Index (OAI) and Swelling Volume (SV)]. The plant material was treated through extraction and dehydration thermal treatments. A response surface model was applied to evaluate the effects of extraction and drying temperatures. The TDF ranged from 60.7 to 79%. Significant differences were only observed for TDF, moisture and aw (P ≤ 0.05). The WAI, WSI, OAI and SV were found to be within the range observed for similar plant materials. Due to their functional properties and elevated TDF content, asparagus byproducts can be used as active biological components in food production. This innovative utilization will contribute to reducing the environmental impact of the industrial processing of this vegetable.
Comparação de Diferentes Métodos Químicos como Extrantes de Alumínio em Solos Tiomorficos do Brasil e Colômbia
Authors: Combatt Caballero Enrique , Álvarez Víctor Hugo , Lima Júlio César
Published: January 2015

A acidificação do solo tiomórficos tem como consequência a solubilização de compostos de Al, o que ocasiona o aumento da concentração de Al3+ na solução do solo. O objetivo, deste trabalho foi determinar os teores de Al trocável e ativo extraídos com 12 métodos analíticos em amostras de solos tiomórficos do Brasil e Colômbia. Foi realizado um ensaio no laboratório com amostras de 12 solos, nove do Estado do Espírito Santo (Brasil) e três da Colômbia. Os métodos avaliados foram: KCl 1 mol L-1, Ca(OAc)2 0,5 mol L-1pH 7, BaCl2 0,1 mol L-1, NH4OAc 1 mol L-1 pH 4,8, CuCl2 0,5 mol L-1 pH 2,8 e LaCl3 0,33 mol L-1 pH 4,0. Para comparação dos métodos de extração, os tratamentos formaram um delineamento fatorial 12x12, dispostos em blocos casualizados com três repetições. Foram utilizados analise de variância, estatística descritiva e contrastes para determinar a capacidade de extração de Al pelos métodos químicos. A determinação quantitativa mostrou que o método com maior capacidade extratora de Al foi a solução de Na4P2O7. Os métodos que utilizam íons de cloreto, não tamponados, conseguem extrair mais eficientemente Al dos solos tiomórficos que a soluções extratoras de acetatos, sendo CuCl2 e LaCl3 as de maior eficiência. O aumento do tempo de agitação não resultou em maior eficiência na extração de Al entre as soluções não tamponadas.
Peculiarities in the Texture Formation of Intermetallic Compounds Deformed by High Pressure Torsion
Authors: Tränkner Christine , Pukenas Aurimas , Horky Jelena , Zehetbauer Michael , Skrotzki Werner
Published: January 2015

NiAl, YCu and TiAl polycrystals with B2 and L10 structure, respectively, have been deformed by high pressure torsion (HPT) at temperatures between 20°C and 500°C at a hydrostatic pressure of 8 GPa to high shear strains. Local texture measurements were done by diffraction of high-energy synchrotron radiation and X-ray microdiffraction. In addition, the microstructure was analyzed by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Besides typical shear components an oblique cube component is observed with quite large rotations about the transverse direction. Based on the temperature dependence of this component as well as on microstructure investigations it is concluded that it is formed by discontinuous dynamic recrystallization. The influence of high pressure on recrystallization of intermetallics at low temperatures is discussed.
Il fenomeno della sofferenza di padre Pio da Pietrelcina descritto nelle lettere al direttore spirituale padre Benedetto
Authors: Strzechmiński Błażej
Published: January 2015

Autor artykułu próbuje przedstawić zjawisko cierpienia, opisane przez o. Pio w jego korespondencji skierowanej do o. Benedetto z San Marco in Lamis. Analizuje je z dwóch perspektyw: jako ból fizyczny i jako cierpienie duchowe lub moralne. Wychodząc od na- kreślenia bazy literackiej Epistolario I, przechodzi do opisu bólu fizycznego, klasyfikując go ze względu na przyczynę jego powstania, albo jako ból naturalny (choroby), albo ból „nadprzyrodzony”, czyli taki, którego pochodzenie jest bądź diaboliczne (dręczenie demoniczne), bądź Boże (transwerberacja boku lub serca czy stygmaty). Na koniec opisuje cierpienie duchowego i moralne, które występują podczas tzw. „nocy ciemnej” i wskazuje na niektóre z przyczyn jego powstawania (bojaźń, pokusy). Artykuł nie daje filozoficznych czy teologicznych odpowiedzi dotyczących natury cierpienia, ale analizuje fenomen cierpienia przez pryzmat efektów, jakie ono wywołuje. Jest próbą nakreślenia swoistego itinerarium duchowego o. Pio, które kształtowało się w szkole niezwykle bole- snego cierpienia, którym posłużył się Bóg dla oczyszczenia, upodobnienia i zjednoczenia go z Jego własnym Synem, Jezusem Chrystusem.
Geneza, kontekst i tematyka kazań pasyjnych
Authors: Sławiński Henryk
Published: January 2015

Głoszenie prawdy o Chrystusie ukrzyżowanym i zmartwychwstałym stanowi jądro chrześcijańskiego przepowiadania. Są jednak w ciągu roku kościelnego okoliczności, w których dominuje tematyka pasyjna. Oprócz liturgii Niedzieli Palmowej i Wielkiego Piątku okazją do przepowiadania pasyjnego są nabożeństwa ludowe służące rozważaniu męki Pańskiej, odprawiane głównie w okresie Wielkiego Postu. Są one wyrazem pobożności pasyjnej. Do najbardziej znanych nabożeństw pasyjnych związanych z głoszeniem słowa Bożego należą: nabożeństwo ostatnich słów Chrystusa z krzyża i nabożeństwo gorzkich żali. To ostatnie jest typowo polskie. Jego istotnym elementem jest kazanie pasyjne, którego podstawowym tematem jest zbawczy wymiar męki Chrystusa. Źródłem dla tych kazań są ewangeliczne opowiadania o ukrzyżowaniu Chrystusa. Artykuł przedstawia genezę, kontekst, tematykę i strukturę kazań pasyjnych.
Powołanie w jesieni życia według św. Jana Pawła II
Authors: Kiciński Jacek
Published: January 2015

Autor artykułu ukazuje spojrzenie św. Jana Pawła II na obecność osób w podeszłym wieku w Kościele i społeczeństwie. Ukazuje zatroskanie papieża o człowieka przeżywającego jesień swojego życia. Ważne staje się pozytywne spojrzenie na ostatni etap ludzkiego życia, który jest bezpośrednim przygotowaniem do spotkania z Bogiem w wieczności. Omówione zostają tu takie zagadnienia, jak: powołanie człowieka darem i zadaniem; dobrze przeżyć dar życia; starość w Biblii; mądrość owocem jesieni życia oraz przygotowanie do wieczności.
Biblijne modele małżeństwa w perspektywie społecznych ról mężczyzn i kobiet
Authors: Adamiak Elżbieta
Published: January 2015

Artykuł zadaje pytania zwłaszcza o te wymiary biblijnego przekazu o małżeństwie, które wynikają z historycznego kontekstu ich powstania i dziś wydają się trudne do przyjęcia. Najpierw ukazuje podstawowe dane o sytuacji kobiet i mężczyzn w patriarchalnym kontekście społeczno-kulturowym Biblii. Następnie na przykładzie historii Jakuba i jego rodziny przedstawiona zostaje poligamia jako przynajmniej w pewnych przekazach biblijnych akceptowalny model małżeństwa. Kolejnym zagadnieniem podjętym w artykule jest antropologiczno-teologiczna analiza pierwszych trzech rozdziałów Księgi Genesis. W ostatniej części artykułu przedstawiony został wymiar teologiczno-eklezjologiczny – symbolika oblubieńcza odnoszona do Chrystusa i Kościoła, zwłaszcza pod kątem występujących w niej założeń co do roli kobiet i mężczyzn.
Rola ojca na podstawie XX homilii św. Jana Złotoustego do Listu do Efezjan
Authors: Jackov Dominik
Published: January 2015

Podział obowiązków rodzinnych, które są wyznaczone dla każdego członka rodziny, oraz harmonijne relacje rodzinne są kwestiami kluczowymi w myśli Jana Chryzostoma. Temu zagadnieniu poświęcił on homilie do Listu do Efezjan. Rola ojca w rodzinie wypływa z naśladowania Chrystusa. Jego relacja do żony, zwłaszcza szacunek dla niej, ma być budowana na relacjach Chrystusa do Kościoła. Nazywa rodzinę małym Kościołem, porównując ją do Kościoła jako Ciała Mistycznego. Życie „małego Kościoła” jest przeniknięte modlitwą oraz czytaniem Pisma Świętego. Najpierw mąż – głowa rodziny, wykonuje następujące praktyki chrześcijańskie: czyta teksty natchnione, czerpie siłę z sakramentu Eucharystii (czyli przystępuje do Komunii Świętej). Chodzenie do kościoła oraz świętowanie Dnia Pańskiego pozostają zwykłą praktyką wszystkich członków parva Ecclesia.
Grzech pierworodny a obraz Boży w człowieku
Authors: Kunka Sławomir
Published: January 2015

Adresatami tekstów biblijnych mówiących o grzechu Adama i jego skutkach dla całej ludzkości są ludzie żyjący już pod jego wpływem. Od początku objawienie wyznacza perspektywę odkupienia dla człowieka dotkniętego grzechem pierworodnym. Właśnie ta perspektywa jest kluczem interpretacyjnym objawionej rzeczywistości. Perspektywa odkupienia prowadzi do Chrystusa. Przez grzech Adama ludzka natura została pozbawiona łaski uświęcającej oraz pewnych darów wiążących się ze stanem pierwotnym. Człowiek wciąż jest obrazem Boga i jest do Niego podobny, ale grzech pierworodny ogranicza wyrazistość tej fundamentalnej właściwości ludzkości stworzone przez Boga, a człowieka stawia na drodze oczekiwania na przyjście jego Odkupiciela. Chrześcijańska koncepcja śmierci nie ogranicza się jedynie do jej nieuchronności i powszechności oraz ścisłego związku z grzechem i nieposłuszeństwem. Chrystus rzucił nowe światło na jej tajemnicę. W świetle tym śmierć jawi się jako narzędzie zbawienia, a oddanie życia jako wykonanie Bożej woli w imię posłuszeństwa. Natura człowieka jest wyznacznikiem „porządku stworzenia” i tworzy ścisły związek z rzeczywistością Bożego obrazu. Z jego „trynitarnym rozumieniem” wiąże się kategoria daru, poprzez który mężczyzna i kobieta w communio personarum stają się jednością. Grzech pierworodny nie zniszczył tego układu. Historia mężczyzny i kobiety jest zapisem zbawczego dopełniania się „oblubieńczego” znaczenia ludzkiego ciała. Podstawą tego zapisu jest obraz Boży w człowieku, a jego głębia dotyka tajników ludzkiego serca.
Duszpasterstwo specjalne na przykładzie duszpasterstwa niesłyszących a II Sobór Watykański
Authors: Hałucha Artur
Published: January 2015

W powyższym artykule została przedstawiona sytuacja duszpasterstwa specjalnego po Soborze Watykańskim II na przykładzie duszpasterstwa niesłyszących. Na wstępie wyjaśniono różnice pomiędzy duszpasterstwem specjalnym a specjalistycznym, kwalifikując osoby niesłyszące w zakres duszpasterstwa specjalnego. Następnie na kanwie zarysu historii duszpasterstwa niesłyszących przyjrzano się wpływowi Soboru Watykańskiego II na kształtowanie tegoż duszpasterstwa, ze szczególnym zaznaczeniem gruntu Kościoła w Polsce. Przeprowadzona analiza dokumentów soborowych pod kątem objęcia troską osób niesłyszących wykazała raczej brak troski niż troskę soboru wobec tych osób i zajęcie się nimi tylko przy okazji osób chorych i ubogich. Sobór nie okazał się też momentem przełomowym w dziedzinie duszpasterstwa niesłyszących, a działania na polu tego duszpasterstwa rodziły się oddolnie z inicjatywy gorliwych duszpasterzy, osób konsekrowanych i zaangażowanych świeckich.
Мистика XXI века – возвращение к корням
Authors: Дердзяк Любовь
Published: January 2015

Autorka niniejszego artykułu podejmuje próbę opisania korzeni oraz fundamentu mistyki chrześcijańskiej, która zasadza się na obrazie i podobieństwie do Boga otrzymywanym przez każdego człowieka w akcie stwórczym. W swoich rozważaniach na temat korzeni mistyki chrześcijańskiej autorka porusza wiele tematów z tym związanych. Przedstawia różne sposoby pojmowania mistyki. Mówiąc o akcie stworzenia człowieka, zwraca szczególną uwagę na to, że każdy człowiek jest stworzony na obraz i podobieństwo Boga, i to Boga szczęśliwego. Tę harmonię szczęścia niszczy grzech. Bóg w swojej miłości rozpoczyna proces odnowienia człowieka, tak by stał się on nowym stworzeniem na wzór doskonałego obrazu w Jezusie Chrystusie. Bóg-Człowiek zaprasza wszystkich do wyjątkowej relacji ze sobą oraz bliźnimi. Duchowa relacja pokazuje człowiekowi drogę w głąb siebie, zachęca do prawdziwego życia duchowego oraz naśladowania Boga, który działa i „odpoczywa”. Pomaga w odnawianiu się i odzyskiwaniu prawdziwego obrazu Bożego w sobie. Najlepszym przykładem współpracy ze Stwórcą w tym procesie jest osoba św. Pawła Apostoła narodów.
La sofferenza di padre Pio come partecipazione alla passione di Cristo
Authors: Strzechmiński Błażej
Published: January 2015

Analizując fenomen cierpienia ojca Pio jako jego aktywnego uczestnictwa w cierpieniach Chrystusa, odkrywamy jego komplementarną dwubiegunowość: z jednej strony mamy do czynienia z rodzajem szczególnej łaski, która manifestuje się poprzez zjawiska fizyczne i duchowe na ciele i duszy zakonnika, a z drugiej strony pozostaje dla niego samego niepojętą tajemnicą. Autor w swym artykule rozważa zagadnienie cierpienia ojca Pio z perspektywy chrystologicznej, to znaczy takiej, która w cierpieniu widzi rzeczywistą wartość o zbawczym znaczeniu, pod warunkiem że ma ona swe odniesienie do Chrystusa, który nadał cierpieniu taki właśni sens i walor. Cierpienie nie jest tu przejawem odrzucenia przez Boga, ale zaproszeniem do uczestnictwa w wielkim misterium odkupienia dokonanym przez Chrystusa. Autor prezentuje dwa poziomy współuczestnictwa ojca Pio w cierpieniach Chrystusa: pierwszy nakreśla ramy jego powołania do tej misji, a drugi ukazuje jej realizację jako programu życiowego, który wypełnia się poprzez dobrowolną ofiarę z samego siebie i przyjęcie krzyża.
Beistand bei Trauer. Psychologisch-pastorale Aspekte
Authors: Dziedzic Jan
Published: January 2015

Niemal każda śmierć osoby bliskiej wywołuje żałobę. Jeżeli przebiega ona normalnie, nie jest statyczna, ale dynamiczna. Jej temporalność określają fazy odrętwienia, tęsknoty i poszukiwania utraconej osoby, dezorganizacji i zwątpienia, większej lub mniejszej reorganizacji. Przeżycie poszczególnych etapów jest konieczne, aby nastąpiło przejście na wyższy poziom postrzegania swojej egzystencji. W przepracowaniu żałoby jest ważne, aby zaakceptować stratę i przyjąć śmierć bliskiej osoby jako fakt. Konieczne jest też odreagowanie swoich emocji, które jest możliwe poprzez wypowiedzenie swojego bólu i cierpienia. Nie jest więc wskazane przeżywanie żałoby w samotności, izolacji i zamknięciu. Otwarcie się na innych pomaga szybciej wejść w nową rzeczywistość i przeorganizować swoje życie. Informację te powinno przyjąć także środowisko, w którym żyje osierocony. Pomagający, aby udzielać wsparcia, powinien być przede wszystkim obecny przy żałobniku, umieć słuchać i zaakceptować go takim, jakim on jest w danym momencie. Kiedy sytuacja wymaga fachowej pomocy, konieczna jest psychoterapia. W przypadku śmierci dziecka wskazana jest terapia rodzinna. W czasie przeżywania żałoby, zwłaszcza dla osób wierzących, istotne jest towarzyszenie Kościoła. Chrześcijańskie pocieszenie związane jest z liturgią, głoszeniem słowa Bożego i posługą miłości. Chrystus, który poprzez swoje zmartwychwstanie zwyciężył śmierć, przynosi pogrążonym w bólu nadzieję.
Introducing the Journal of Melittology: An outlet for disseminating bee research and raising melittological awareness
Authors: Engel Michael S. , Gonzalez Victor H. , Hinojosa-Diaz Ismael A. , Michener Charles D.
Published: January 2015

A new journal is introduced, the focus of which is to disseminate the results of research on wild and managed bees, to raise public awareness of bees, and to promote and facilitate international communication and collaboration.
A male of the bee genus Agapostemon in Dominican amber (Hymenoptera: Halictidae)
Authors: Engel Michael S. , Breitkreuz Laura C.V.
Published: January 2015

Thefirst fossil species of the caenohalictine bee genus Agapostemon Guérin-Méneville (Halictinae: Caenohalictini:Agapostemonina) is described and figured from a single male preserved in EarlyMiocene (Burdigalian) amber from the Dominican Republic.  Agapostemon (Notagapostemon) luzziiEngel & Breitkreuz, new species, is compared with modern species and isnoteworthy for the absence of metafemoral modifications [in this regardplesiomorphically resembling the West Indian A. kohliellus (Vachal)and A. centratus (Vachal)], form of the head and protibial antennalcleaner, integumental sculpturing, and male terminalia, the latter of which arefortunately exposed and cleared.  Briefcomments are made on the affinity of the species to others in the West Indiesand surrounding regions as well as possible biogeographic implications.