bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strongly coupled transmembrane mechanisms control MCU-mediated mitochondrial Ca2+uptake
Authors: Vais Horia , Payne Riley , Li Carmen , Foskett J. Kevin
Published: April 2020

Ca2+uptake by mitochondria regulates bioenergetics, apoptosis, and Ca2+signaling. The primary pathway for mitochondrial Ca2+uptake is the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU), a Ca2+-selective ion channel in the inner mitochondrial membrane. MCU-mediated Ca2+uptake is driven by the sizable inner-membrane potential generated by the electron-transport chain. Despite the large thermodynamic driving force, mitochondrial Ca2+uptake is tightly regulated to maintain low matrix [Ca2+] and prevent opening of the permeability transition pore and cell death, while meeting dynamic cellular energy demands. How this is accomplished is controversial. Here we define a regulatory mechanism of MCU-channel activity in which cytoplasmic Ca2+regulation of intermembrane space-localized MICU1/2 is controlled by strongly-coupled Ca2+-regulatory mechanisms localized across the membrane in the mitochondrial matrix. Ca2+that permeates through the channel pore regulates Ca2+affinities of coupled inhibitory and activating sensors in the matrix. Ca2+binding to the inhibitory sensor within the MCU amino-terminus closes the channel despite Ca2+binding to MICU1/2. Conversely, disruption of the interaction of MICU1/2 with the MCU complex abolishes matrix Ca2+regulation of channel activity. Our results demonstrate how Ca2+influx into mitochondria is tuned by coupled Ca2+-regulatory mechanisms on both sides of the inner mitochondrial membrane.
The histone deacetylase complex MiDAC regulates a neurodevelopmental gene expression program
Authors: Mondal Baisakhi , Jin Hongjian , Kallappagoudar Satish , Sedkov Yurii , Martinez Tanner , Sentmanat Monica F. , Li Chunliang , Fan Yiping , Pruett-Miller Shondra M. , Herz Hans-Martin
Published: April 2020

MiDAC is a recently identified histone deacetylase (HDAC) complex. While other HDAC complexes have been implicated in neurogenesis, the physiological role of MiDAC remains unknown. Here, we show that MiDAC constitutes an important regulator of neural differentiation. We demonstrate that MiDAC functions as a modulator of a neurodevelopmental gene expression program and binds to important regulators of neurite outgrowth. On the one hand, MiDAC upregulates gene expression by mediating the removal of H4K20ac on the promoters and enhancers of pro-neural genes such as those encoding the secreted ligands SLIT3 and NETRIN1 (NTN1). Conversely, MiDAC inhibits gene expression by reducing H3K27ac on promoter-proximal and -distal elements of negative regulators of neurogenesis. Furthermore, loss of MiDAC results in neurite outgrowth defects that can be rescued by supplementation with SLIT3 and/or NTN1. These findings indicate a crucial role for MiDAC in regulating the ligands of the SLIT3 and NTN1 signaling axes to ensure the proper integrity of neurite development.
Separating measurement and expression models clarifies confusion in single-cell RNA sequencing analysis
Authors: Sarkar Abhishek , Stephens Matthew
Published: April 2020

Abstract

The high proportion of zeros in typical scRNA-seq datasets has led to widespread but inconsistent use of terminology such as “dropout” and “missing data”. Here, we argue that much of this terminology is unhelpful and confusing, and outline simple ideas to help reduce confusion. These include: (1) observed scRNA-seq counts reflect both true gene expression levels and measurement error, and carefully distinguishing these contributions helps clarify thinking; and (2) method development should start with a Poisson measurement model, rather than more complex models, because it is simple and generally consistent with existing data. We outline how several existing methods can be viewed within this framework and highlight how these methods differ in their assumptions about expression variation. We also illustrate how our perspective helps address questions of biological interest, such as whether mRNA expression levels are multimodal among cells.
Connecting BCG Vaccination and COVID-19: Additional Data
Authors: Dayal Devi , Gupta Saniya
Published: April 2020

The reasons for a wide variation in severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) across the affected countries of the world are not known. Two recent studies have suggested a link between the BCG vaccination policy and the morbidity and mortality due to COVID-19. In the present study we compared the impact of COVID-19 in terms of case fatality rates (CFR) between countries with high disease burden and those with BCG revaccination policies presuming that revaccination practices would have provided added protection to the population against severe COVID-19. We found a significant difference in the CFR between the two groups of countries. Our data further supports the view that universal BCG vaccination has a protective effect on the course of COVID-19 probably preventing progression to severe disease and death. Clinical trials of BCG vaccine are urgently needed to establish its beneficial role in COVID-19 as suggested by the epidemiological data, especially in countries without a universal BCG vaccination policy.
Bimodal Whole-Mount Imaging Of Tendon Using Confocal Microscopy And X-Ray Micro-Computed Tomography
Authors: Marr Neil , Hopkinson Mark , Hibbert Andrew P. , Pitsillides Andrew A. , Thorpe Chavaunne T.
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND

3-dimensional imaging modalities for optically dense connective tissues such as tendons are limited and typically have a single imaging methodological endpoint. Here, we have developed a bimodal procedure that utilises fluorescence-based confocal microscopy and x-ray micro-computed tomography for the imaging of adult tendons to visualise and analyse extracellular sub-structure and cellular composition in small and large animal species.

RESULTS

Using fluorescent immunolabelling and optical clearing, we visualised the expression of the basement membrane protein laminin-α4 in 3D throughout whole rat Achilles tendons and equine superficial digital flexor tendon 5 mm segments. This revealed a complex network of laminin-α4 within the tendon core that predominantly localises to the interfascicular matrix compartment. Furthermore, we implemented a chemical drying process capable of creating contrast densities enabling visualisation and quantification of both fascicular and interfascicular matrix volume and thickness by x-ray micro-computed tomography. We also demonstrated that both modalities can be combined using reverse clarification of fluorescently labelled tissues prior to chemical drying to enable bimodal imaging of a single sample.

CONCLUSIONS

Whole-mount imaging of tendon allowed us to identify the presence of an extensive network of laminin-α4 within tendon, the complexity of which cannot be appreciated using traditional 2D imaging techniques. Creating contrast for x-ray micro-computed tomography imaging of tendon using chemical drying is not only simple and rapid, but also markedly improves on previously published methods. Combining these methods provides the ability to gain spatio-temporal information and quantify tendon substructures to elucidate the relationship between morphology and function.
Do United States accountants' personal values match the profession's values (ethics code)?
Authors: Ariail Donald L. , Smith Katherine Taken , Smith L. Murphy
Published: April 2020

Purpose

Congruence of personal values to organizational (the profession) values affects job performance, job satisfaction and ethical behavior. The purpose of this paper is to answer two research questions: (1) what are the personal ethical values of today's leaders in the US accounting profession and (2) are these personal ethical values congruent with the profession's ethical code?

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses a survey approach to determine the personal values of US-certified public accounting leaders. The personal values of the Certified Public Accountants (CPA) leaders were measured using the Rokeach Value Survey instrument.

Findings

Findings show that for each highly prioritized personal value, there is one or more parallel with the profession's values, as represented by the US American Institute of CPAs ethics code.

Research limitations/implications

This study was limited by the time period used. Future studies could include other time periods. This study could be used as a starting point for longitudinal studies to determine if personal values of professional accountants change over time.

Practical implications

This paper offers a fresh understanding of the relationship of accountants' personal values to professional values.

Social implications

This paper provides insights into the person–organization (P–O) fit of US accountants within their profession.

Originality/value

This paper examines the P–O fit of accounting leaders, that is, the congruence of personal values and organizational values. The P–O fit contributes to job performance and job satisfaction.
Profiting from (not too many) package designs: evidence from a firm-level design registration analysis in the food manufacturing industry
Authors: Miyanoshita Tomofumi , Yoshioka-Kobayashi Tohru , Kanama Daisuke
Published: April 2020

Purpose

Researchers have pointed out that product packaging in the food industry has a significant influence on consumer decision-making. However, the impact of package development on firm performance has not been investigated due to the limited availability of analyses on package design. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between package development and firm performance in the Japanese food manufacturing industry.

Design/methodology/approach

This study empirically analyzed the relationship between package development and firm performance in the Japanese food manufacturing industry by using design patents data.

Findings

As a result of multiple regression analysis, it became clear that the number of design patents related to packaging is significantly linked to the operating profit ratio, growth rate of sales and increase in operating profits of firms. Moreover, the results show inverseU-shaped effects between design patents and firm performance.

Research limitations/implications

The results imply the importance of effective package design management.

Originality/value

This study provides novel insight on both marketing strategy and intellectual property management in the food industry, and it also provides a new method for empirical analysis using design patent data.
The importance of digital literacy on the labour market
Authors: Bejaković Predrag , Mrnjavac Željko
Published: April 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between digital skills and employment and in this way accentuate importance of policy interventions for improving digital literacy.

Design/methodology/approach

Using Eurostat data, this paper demonstrates statistically significant correlation between digital skills and employment rates in EU.

Findings

This implies why it is so important for governments and employers to seek, propose and implement new strategies to promote digital inclusion, literacy and the training not only for new ICT professionals but also for the whole workforce.

Social implications

Digital skills, particularly digital literacy, are an important factor for socio-economic development of the society and employability of the labour force. Without adequate digital literacy, it is not possible to participate in the economy and the digital society, particularly having in mind the digital transformation that the world of work is experiencing in the content and the organisation. Beyond the work environment, it also affects the way people live and communicate.

Originality/value

In this paper, the importance and definition of digital literacy are elaborated, explaining the measurement of digital literacy and skills, as well as the relation between digital literacy and employability.
Talent management and organizational commitment: the partial mediating role of pay satisfaction
Authors: Luna-Arocas Roberto , Danvila-Del Valle Ignacio , Lara Francisco J.
Published: April 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to better understand the role of pay satisfaction and employee perception of talent management in business loyalty strategies, which implies considering both economic and non-economic variables in order to achieve organizational success.

Design/methodology/approach

Results from a survey of 198 workers were analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM) based on three constructs (confirmatory factor analysis, CFA). The scales used were: employee perception of talent management, pay satisfaction, and organizational commitment. Pay satisfaction acts as a mediating variable in the significant relationship between the perception of talent management and organizational commitment.

Findings

The partial mediating model hypothesised was supported by the SEM model, indicating that loyalty strategies require both good talent management and a good compensation system.

Research limitations/implications

The article promotes the use of mediating variables as an explanation to better understand the strategies of loyalty in the management of talent, framed within the model of the resource-based view (RBV) theory.

Practical implications

The implications are important for practitioners, who normally put every effort into strategies related to economic reinforcement, since the model suggests that they should also strive to correctly apply talent management.

Social implications

The study suggests the need to understand better retributive systems with an application of talent management based on improvement and professional development.

Originality/value

The originality lies in the article stating that the application of good talent management must be complemented with adequate compensation systems in order to achieve efficient retention strategies for talented employees.
Parametric optimization of EDD using RSM-Grey-TLBO-based MCDM approach for commercially pure titanium
Authors: Sharma Neeraj , Ahuja Neeraj , Goyal Rachin , Rohilla Vinod
Published: April 2020

Purpose

Electric discharge drilling (EDD) is used to drill quality microholes on any conductive materials. EDD process parameters play a crucial role in the drilling. Depending upon the material characteristics, the cost of drilling also changes. Therefore, a suitable method is required to control the process parameters and drill quality microholes.

Design/methodology/approach

The input process parameters in the present work are peak current (Ip), pulse on-time (Ton) and pulse off-time (Toff). The trials were intended in accordance to central composite face-centered design of response surface methodology (RSM). The output responses, namely drilling rate (DR) and electrode wear ratio (EWR), were converted into a single response, that is, grade using Grey relational analysis (GRA). The grade value is further modeled by regression analysis. The empirical model was figured out using teaching–learning-based optimization (TLBO). The RSM-Grey-TLBO-based multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) is used to investigate the optimized process parameter setting.

Findings

The RSM-Grey-TLBO-based MCDM approach suggests that the optimized setting for DR and EWR is Ip: 3A; Ton: 40 µs; Toff: 42 µs. The percentage errors for the predicted and experimental results are 8.1 and 7.5% in DR and EWR, respectively.

Originality/value

The parametric optimization of EDD using RSM-Grey-TLBO-based MCDM approach while machining commercially pure titanium is still underway. Thus, this MCDM approach will give a path to the researchers working in this direction.
Mental fitness in higher education: Intervention Mapping programme design
Authors: O' Brien Niamh , Lawlor Martin , Chambers Fiona , O'Brien Wesley
Published: April 2020

Purpose

Higher Education Institutions observe that many students are experiencing mental health issues, such as high levels of anxiety and stress. Young adults are recognised as a vulnerable group who carry the burden of mental health problems worldwide. Mental health interventions can be effective in positively influencing students' emotional and behavioural wellbeing.

Design/methodology/approach

In the current study, the principles of Intervention Mapping (IM) were applied to guide the development, implementation, and evaluation of a specifically tailored mental health programme for a selected student cohort in a large Higher Education Institute in Ireland. Mixed qualitative (Delphi technique and focus group discussions) and quantitative (survey) data were gathered to gain a broad perspective of mental health concerns and learning needs among a sample of higher education students (n = 99).

Findings

Existing evidence guided by theoretical frameworks were blended to create a specifically tailored mental health programme to meet the needs of higher education students in Ireland. Results indicate that the established six-stages of IM provide an empirical process that has the potential to effectively respond to the mental health needs of students in higher education. IM identifies the priority needs of students in higher education and ensures that suitable behaviour change techniques for mental health are addressed. 10;

Originality/value

IM is a suitable method to critically and collaboratively develop a mental health intervention for the overall wellbeing of the general higher education student population, both nationally and globally. 10;
“#Australia in the morning, #Thailand by midday, #America in the afternoon”
Authors: Ellmer Markus , Reichel Astrid , Naderer Sebastian T.
Published: April 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to generate insights into how multinational companies (MNCs) promote global mobility in their Employer Branding (EB) messages on Facebook.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors analyzed 13.340 EB messages found on the Facebook career pages of 30 major MNCs (10 of each in the US, UK and Germany) drawing on a methodological approach combining Grounded Theory and text-mining.

Findings

Building on the perspective of psychological contracts as sensitizing concept, the analysis of the overall sample reveals a range of core themes in EB messages across all MNCs studied. With regards to global mobility, MNCs emphasize relational, i.e. socio-emotional, contents, particularly, highlighting opportunities of experience and personal development. While global mobility is an overall marginal theme, German MNCs extensively promote global mobility, whereas US- and UK-based MNCs do not explicitly make it a subject of their messages. The findings are discussed in the light of institutional theory.

Originality/value

Despite mega-trend, little is known about social media EB, especially when it comes to the contents that MNCs communicate to (potential) employees. Applying an innovative methodological approach, the authors offer insights into these contents. Discussing the findings in the light of institutional theory, it is concluded that promoting global mobility in socio-emotional terms seems of high importance to reduce uncertainties associated with living and working abroad. This might help firms to hire internationally mobile employees, especially in countries where job mobility is generally low.
Pregnant and undocumented: taking work into account as a social determinant of health
Authors: Hanley Jill , Larios Lindsay , Ricard-Guay Alexandra , Meloni Francesca , Rousseau Cécile
Published: April 2020

Purpose

It is well understood that women’s work situations are critical to their well-being during pregnancy and in terms of potential risks to the fetus. It has also long been known that undocumented women workers face particularly difficult work conditions and being undocumented precludes access to key social benefits (i.e. public health insurance, paid maternity leave, child benefits and subsidized daycare) that support pregnant women and new mothers. Yet, this paper aims to write about the intersection of undocumented women’s pregnancy with work experiences.

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing on the results of a broader qualitative study that was focussed on access to healthcare for undocumented (and therefore, uninsured) women who were pregnant and gave birth in Montreal, Canada, the authors begin this paper with a review of the relevant literature for this topic related to the work conditions of undocumented women, how work exacerbates barriers to accessing healthcare and the resulting health outcomes, particularly in relation to pregnancy. The authors highlight the social determinants of health human rights framework (Solar and Irwin, 2010), before presenting methodology. In conclusion, the authors discuss how an understanding of undocumented women’s work situations sheds light on their pregnancy experiences.

Findings

The authors then present participants’ work conditions before becoming pregnant, working conditions while pregnant and employment options and pressures after giving birth.

Originality/value

The authors emphasize that attention to undocumented pregnant women’s work situations might help health and social service practitioners to better serve their needs at this critical point in a woman’s life and at the beginning of the life of their children, born as full citizens.
Moderating effect of hedonism on store environment-impulse buying nexus
Authors: Hashmi Hammad Bin Azam , Shu Chengli , Haider Syed Waqar
Published: April 2020

Purpose

Although the store environment-impulse buying nexus is well documented, the influence of consumer motivations on this nexus is still underexplored. Consequently, this paper aims at explaining the mediating effect of emotional states and the moderating effect of hedonic shopping motives on the relationship between store atmospherics and impulse buying behavior.

Design/methodology/approach

Primary data from 437 customers were generated through a questionnaire developed for this study. Respondents were accessed using mall-intercept technique. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was done to empirically estimate the model.

Findings

Results indicate that pleasure and shopping enjoyment mediate the effect of store atmospherics on the impulse purchase behavior. The findings also show that hedonic shopping motives moderate the relationship between the store atmospherics and impulse purchase.

Originality/value

This study contributes by introducing the moderating role played by the hedonic shopping motives on the relationship between store atmospherics and impulse purchase. In addition, it introduces that shopping enjoyment and pleasure mediate the effect of perceived store atmospherics on impulse purchase.
Coordination in a composite green-product supply chain under different power structures
Authors: Lou Gaoxiang , Lai Zhixuan , Ma Haicheng , Fan Tijun
Published: April 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to find the optimal power structure that drives green practices in the supply chain and coordinate the costs and benefits of green practices in supply chain under different power structures.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper developed a supply chain of one supplier and one manufacturer, in which the supplier and the manufacturer are responsible for the “greening” of products. Then, the game theory modeling method is used to explore the influence of different power structures on green practices in the supply chain. Finally, the authors developed a green cost-sharing contract made by the leader; regarding optimal supply chain profits and green performance, the proposed contracts and the non-coordination situation are compared and tested by a numerical simulation.

Findings

The increase of the green practice difficulty of any member in the supply chain will not only reduce the greenness of products at that stage but will also reduce the green investment of the supply chain partner. Becoming a channel leader does not necessarily mean being more profitable than being a follower, and when the green practice difficulty of the leader is less than a certain threshold, ceding dominant power to the follower may benefit both sides. A green cost-sharing contract made by the leader is not necessarily beneficial to all enterprises.

Originality/value

This paper helps to better understand the role of the power relation in realizing the industry's green goals and helps decision-makers to achieve win-win cooperation by adjusting power relations and optimizing green cost-sharing contracts.
An integrated fuzzy-ANP and fuzzy-ISM approach using blockchain for sustainable supply chain
Authors: Yadav Sachin , Singh Surya Prakash
Published: April 2020

Purpose

The main objective of this paper is to justify the implementation of blockchain (BC) over the traditional method deployed in the supply chain (SC) after using the fuzzy–analytic network process (fuzzy-ANP) application. Over the past two decades, the overall product cost is affected by the SC at a global level. Organizations are working on their existing SC for improving their performance. BC technology is a newly emerging technology and magnetizes the attention of researchers and industrialists. This technology is still at the initial stage, and only little investigation is available in the literature and it has not been much investigated by researchers.

Design/methodology/approach

Literature and expert opinion interpretation in BC characteristics are further analyzed and modeled using fuzzy–interpretive structural modeling (fuzzy-ISM), fuzzy-MICMAC and fuzzy-ANP. The combined approach of both fuzzy-ISM and fuzzy-MICMAC is applied to identify the common drivers to integrate the BC technology in the light of efficient supply chain management (SCM).

Findings

Comparative analysis between traditional and BC-based supply chain (BCSC) using fuzzy-ANP is carried out, considering the common driving characteristics. The proposed integrated (combined) approach of fuzzy-ISM, fuzzy-MICMAC and Fuzzy-ANP found that integration of BC with SCM is better prioritized than traditional supply chain management (TSCM). The findings in the article endorse that the TSCM can be made efficient by integrating the BC technology considering five most driving characteristics, namely, data safety and decentralization, accessibility, documentation, data management and quality.

Originality/value

The current proposed research work identifies 12 characteristics after studying numerous literature reviews and having a discussion with SC experts with knowledge of BC. The integrated approach of fuzzy-ISM and fuzzy-MICMAC is implemented here. After that, fuzzy-ANP is used to give ranking among BCSCM and TSCM. The study carried out in this article motivates industries to implement BC in their SC system. It will reduce the transaction cost, documentation work, save time and eliminate human error at the national and international levels. The common characteristics identified in this proposed work would help in managerial decisions for the adoption of BC to ensure that the system becomes more transparent, easily traceable and finally improve the performance.
A survey of empirical findings on unconventional central bank policies
Authors: Papadamou Stephanos , Siriopoulos Costas , Kyriazis Nikolaos A.
Published: April 2020

Purpose

This paper presents an integrated overview of the empirical literature on the impact of all forms of unconventional monetary policy on macroeconomic variables and on markets.

Design/methodology/approach

This survey covers the findings concerning portfolio rebalancing, signaling, liquidity, bank lending and confidence channels.

Findings

The positive effect of QE announcements on stock and bond prices seems to be unified across studies. A contagion effect from US QE to other emerging markets is identified, while currency devaluation is present in most cases for the country that its central bank adopted such policies. Moreover, impacts of non-conventional practices on GDP, inflation and unemployment are examined. The studies presenting weak instead of strong positive effects on inflation are more, and these studies, also, present weak positive effects on GDP growth.

Originality/value

Based on the large body of research on non-conventional action taking, this is the first survey including effects of each country that adopted quantitative easing (QE) measures and that provides results from every methodology employed in order to estimate unconventional practices' impacts.
Referring to psychological therapy services in secondary NHS mental health services – how do mental health care professionals decide?
Authors: Fiddick Lucy , Neale Emily , Nathwani Falguni , Bennert Kristina , Gregory James
Published: April 2020

Purpose

Evidence-based psychological therapies are available for severe and enduring mental health problems, but resources and access to these are limited within England. Practitioners in community mental health teams (CMHTs) can act as gatekeepers for access to psychological therapies for those in secondary care, but little is known about how they make referral decisions. This paper aims to understand how CMHT practitioners make decisions about who to refer or not, to secondary care psychological therapy services (PTS).

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 11 CMHT practitioners were interviewed to understand the decision making processes underpinning their referrals or otherwise, to a PTS within NHS England. The data were analysed qualitatively using thematic analysis.

Findings

Thematic analysis resulted in 11 sub-themes under three main themes of the self, the organisation and wider structure and the service user. Results indicated that some participants were referred automatically for psychological therapy if a service user asked or if there was external pressure to refer, while others’ decisions were informed by contextual information such as the service user’s ability to engage or change, risk status and limited organisational resources.

Originality/value

This study explores the decision making of multi-disciplinary professionals referring to PTS. The findings have important implications for understanding some of the factors that can influence patient access to psychological treatment in secondary care.
An integrated model of team resilience: exploring the roles of team sensemaking, team bricolage and task interdependence
Authors: Talat Amina , Riaz Zahid
Published: April 2020

Purpose

The contemporary organizational environment calls for work team members to be more resilient in the face of likely setbacks, which are routinely experienced at the workplace. In two separate studies of work teams, we examine the impact of team sensemaking on team bricolage and subsequently, on team resilience. These studies further investigate whether task interdependence moderates the mediation of team bricolage for the relationship between team sensemaking and team resilience. In brief, these two studies conceptualize and test the relevance of team sensemaking, team bricolage and task interdependence for team resilience.

Design/methodology/approach

A sample of 213 team members participated in the self-administered survey for Study 1. For Study 2, a second sample collected from 81 teams, elicited team-level data by consensus among team members.

Findings

Findings show that team sensemaking as an antecedent has a significant and positive impact on team resilience. The results also showhowandwhenthe relationship between team sensemaking and team resilience is facilitated through an underlying mechanism of team bricolage in the presence of task interdependence among team members. This research improves the understanding about the relationship between team sensemaking and team resilience by examining the underlying mechanism and boundary condition under which the relationship is the strongest.

Practical implications

These findings have important implications for human resource managers. In face of adverse events, team sensemaking plays a pivotal role as it can enable team members to have better situational awareness, communication and reflection. Team sensemaking can be further facilitated for improved team resilience by embedding bricolage and task interdependence components in the employee orientation, job description and training of potential and current employees.

Originality/value

These findings demonstrate that in the wake of adverse events, team sensemaking can play a pivotal role as it enables team members to have better situational awareness, communication and reflection. For team resilience, the findings imply that team sensemaking can be further facilitated by team bricolage in the presence of task interdependence in work teams. Thus, managers of modern work teams and organizations can sensitize team members about these aspects through employee orientation, job description and on and off job training activities.
Heat transfer aspects of condensation during vapour phase soldering on aligned PCB-based surfaces
Authors: Straubinger Daniel , Bozsóki István , Illes Balazs , Krammer Oliver , Bušek David , Geczy Attila
Published: April 2020

Purpose

The paper aims to present an investigation on heat transfer in a vapour phase soldering (VPS) oven, focusing on the differences of horizontally and vertically aligned Printed Circuit Board (PCB) surfaces. The investigation can help develop a better understanding of the process and provide information for future modelling of the process.

Design/methodology/approach

For the investigations, flame retardant grade 4 (FR4) PCB plates and sealed plate–based boxes were immersed into saturated vapour of an experimental oven. The temperature and resulting heat transfer coefficients were analysed according to the sample boxes and the surface orientations. In addition, the boxes’ vapour consumption was investigated with pressure measurements.

Findings

The horizontal top- and bottom-side heating shows very similar results. In addition, the sides of a box were heated in a manner similar to the top and the bottom sides, but there was a slight increase in the heat transfer coefficient because of the vertical wall alignment. The pressure measurements reveal the dynamic changes in vapour after immersion of the boxes.

Practical implications

The findings may help to show differences on different surface orientations, pointing to more precise, explicit and multiphysics simulation results.

Originality/value

The experiments present an aspect of heat transfer coefficient differences in VPS ovens, also highlighting the effect of initial pressure drop inside the workspace of an oven.
An escape theory model for directionally moving prey and an experimental test in juvenile Chinook salmon
Authors: Sabal Megan C. , Merz Joseph E. , Alonzo Suzanne H. , Palkovacs Eric P.
Published: April 2020

Prey evaluate risk and make decisions based on the balance between the costs of predation and those of engaging in antipredator behaviour. Economic escape theory has been valuable in understanding the responses of stationary prey under predation risk; however, current models are not applicable for directionally moving prey.

Here we present an extension of existing escape theory that predicts how much predation risk is perceived by directionally moving prey. Perceived risk is measured by the extent antipredator behaviour causes a change in travel speed (the distance to a destination divided by the total time to reach that destination). Cryptic or cautious antipredator behaviour slows travel speed, while prey may also speed up to reduce predator–prey overlap. Next, we applied the sensitization hypothesis to our model, which predicts that prey with more predator experience should engage in more antipredator behaviour, which leads to a larger change in travel speed under predation risk. We then compared the qualitative predictions of our model to the results of a behavioural assay with juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha that varied in their past predator experience.

We timed salmon swimming downstream through a mesh enclosure in the river with and without predator cues present to measure their reaction to a predator. Hatchery salmon had the least predator experience, followed by wild salmon captured upstream (wild‐upstream) and wild‐salmon captured downstream (wild‐downstream).

Both wild salmon groups slowed down in response to predator cues, whereas hatchery salmon did not change travel speed. The magnitude of reaction to predator cues by salmon group followed the gradient of previous predator experience, supporting the sensitization hypothesis.

Moving animals are conspicuous and vulnerable to predators. Here we provide a novel conceptual framework for understanding how directionally moving prey perceive risk and make antipredator decisions. Our study extends the scope of economic escape theory and improves general understanding of non‐lethal effects of predators on moving prey.
Rudimentary Things: Becoming an Object in the Performances of Skip Arnold
Authors: Johnson Dominic
Published: April 2020

Skip Arnold's performances consist of an attempt to become an object, typically by way of a singular action repeated or sustained over a difficult duration. As such, in actions since the early 1980s, he has created bluntly mimetic embodiments of a statue, gargoyle, scarecrow, fountain, or freight. In Marks (1984), Closet Corner (1987), and Hood Ornament (1992), I argue, the categories of the object and the subject vacillate in their distinctness, in such a way that the resulting work of art overtakes or undermines the integrity, or ontological safety, of the body that performs it. In Shoot Me (1992), however, becoming an object raises political questions about the uneven distribution of the right to full subjectivity and the threat or disaster of being turned into an object (for example, a corpse) against one's will. Arnold's performances therefore revel in the difficulties of approaching (or ‘pornotroping’) human subjects as mute or inactive things, and the vital, consequential liveliness of objects in performance.
Pseudomonas putida KT2440 is naturally endowed to withstand industrial‐scale stress conditions
Authors: Ankenbauer Andreas , Schäfer Richard A. , Viegas Sandra C. , Pobre Vânia , Voß Björn , Arraiano Cecília M. , Takors Ralf
Published: April 2020

Pseudomonas putida is recognized as a very promising strain for industrial application due to its high redox capacity and frequently observed tolerance towards organic solvents. In this research, we studied the metabolic and transcriptional response of P. putida KT2440 exposed to large‐scale heterogeneous mixing conditions in the form of repeated glucose shortage. Cellular responses were mimicked in an experimental setup comprising a stirred tank reactor and a connected plug flow reactor. We deciphered that a stringent response‐like transcriptional regulation programme is frequently induced, which seems to be linked to the intracellular pool of 3‐hydroxyalkanoates (3‐HA) that are known to serve as precursors for polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA). To be precise, P. putida is endowed with a survival strategy likely to access cellular PHA, amino acids and glycogen in few seconds under glucose starvation to obtain ATP from respiration, thereby replenishing the reduced ATP levels and the adenylate energy charge. Notably, cells only need 0.4% of glucose uptake to build those 3‐HA‐based energy buffers. Concomitantly, genes that are related to amino acid catabolism and β‐oxidation are upregulated during the transient absence of glucose. Furthermore, we provide a detailed list of transcriptional short‐ and long‐term responses that increase the cellular maintenance by about 17% under the industrial‐like conditions tested.
Patterns of coyote predation on sheep in California: A socio‐ecological approach to mapping risk of livestock–predator conflict
Authors: McInturff Alex , Miller Jennifer R. B. , Gaynor Kaitlyn M. , Brashares Justin S.
Published: April 2020

Conflict between livestock producers and wild predators is a central driver of large predator declines and simultaneously may imperil the lives and livelihoods of livestock producers. There is a growing recognition that livestock–predator conflict is a socio‐ecological problem, but few case studies exist to guide conflict research and management from this point of view. Here we present a case study of coyote‐sheep predation on a California ranch in which we combine methods from the rapidly growing field of predation risk modeling with participatory mapping of perceptions of predation risk. Our findings reveal an important selection bias that may occur when producer perceptions and decisions are excluded from ecological methods of studying conflict. We further demonstrate how producer inputs, participatory mapping, and ecological modeling of conflict can inform one another in understanding patterns, drivers, and management opportunities for livestock–predator conflict. Finally, we make recommendations for improving the interoperability of ecological and social data about predation risk. Collectively our methods offer a socio‐ecological approach that fills important research gaps and offers guidance to future research.
Implications of squirrelpox virus for successful red squirrel translocations within mainland UK
Authors: Sainsbury Anthony W. , Chantrey Julian , Ewen John G. , Gurnell John , Hudson Peter , Karesh William B. , Kock Richard A. , Lurz Peter W. W. , Meredith Anna , Tompkins Daniel M.
Published: April 2020

Remnant red squirrel populations in the UK mainland are threatened by squirrelpox viral disease and the reservoir of the squirrelpox virus, the invasive grey squirrel, is expanding its range. Until this threat can be effectively mitigated, there is a high risk from disease outbreaks, following proposed conservation translocation of red squirrels.
Efficient weighted probabilistic frequent itemset mining in uncertain databases
Authors: Li Zhiyang , Chen Fengjuan , Wu Junfeng , Liu Zhaobin , Liu Weijiang
Published: April 2020

Uncertain data mining has attracted so much interest in many emerging applications over the past decade. An issue of particular interest is to discover the frequent itemsets in uncertain databases. As an item would not appear in a transaction of such database for certain, several probability models are presented to measure the frequency of an itemset, and the frequent itemset over probabilistic data generally has two different definitions: the expected support‐based frequent itemset and probabilistic frequent itemset. Meanwhile, it is noted that the frequency itself cannot identify useful or meaningful patterns in some scenarios. Other measures such as the importance of items should be also taken into account. To this end, some studies recently have been done on weighted (importance) frequent itemset mining in uncertain databases. However, they are only designed for the expected support‐based frequent itemset, and suffer from low efficiency due to generating too many frequent itemset candidates. To address this issue, we propose a novel weighted probabilistic frequent itemsets (w‐PFIs) algorithm. Moreover, we derive a probability model for the support of a w‐PFI candidate in our method and present three pruning techniques to narrow the search space and remove the unpromising candidates immediately. Extensive experiments have been conducted on both real and synthetic datasets, to evaluate the performance of our w‐PFI algorithm in terms of runtime, accuracy and scalability. Results show that our algorithm yields the best performance among the existing algorithms.
EULENSPIEGEL IM KRIEG: DER NARR UND DIE ERZӒHLTRADITION IN DANIEL KEHLMANNS ROMAN TYLL
Authors: Maeding Linda
Published: April 2020

Daniel Kehlmann's novel Tyll (2017), which places its protagonist in the Thirty Years War, proves the astonishing topicality of pre‐modern Till Eulenspiegel. The starting point of this article is the observation that in literature, rogue characters like the jester are often linked to socio‐historical crises. To examine this nexus more closely, this character will be analysed at different levels: in relation to the picaresque novel, in intertextual readings of similar characters and motifs in Kehlmann's work, and in Tyll’s auto‐reflexive discourse on narration. Tyll shares his status as a social outsider and his absolute will to survive with the Spanish pícaro and the German ‘Schelm’. But in contrast to those, this jester is not mocked. Rather, he himself is the one who mocks others in Kehlmann's gloomiest novel so far, personifying a threat to any social structures. His transgressive actions give rise to reflections on the normative basis of society. At the same time, Kehlmann's Tyll, whose protagonist is placed in a world full of conflict, physical violence, and socio‐economic constraints, can also be read as a meta‐commentary on the powers and limits of narration.
The relationship between urolithiasis, metabolic syndrome and nurse shift work. A literature review
Authors: Rosa Debora , Villa Giulia , Montanari Emanuele , Destrebecq Anne , Terzoni Stefano
Published: April 2020

The shift work increased the metabolic syndrome and urolithiasis in nurses? Problem metabolic syndrome and urolithiasis are two worldwide important health problems. Shift work and consequent sleep disorders are risk factors of developing metabolic syndrome. The aim of this literature review is to describe the effects of shift work on metabolic syndrome and urolithiasis in nurses. Search terms (free terms, MeSH): ‘metabolic syndrome’, ‘urologic diseases’; papers published in the last 10 years (2009‐2019) were searched in some databases (PUBMED, CINAHL, Scopus, Embase and Cochrane Database of Systematic Review). We included all randomized controlled trials (RCTs), observational studies, reviews and we included papers studying metabolic syndrome and urolithiasis. Quality assessment of the papers was verified according to Dixon‐Woods checklist. Seven articles were analysed. The literature review has shown that insulin resistance, hypertension, obesity, cardio vascular disease have a relationship with metabolic syndrome. People with obesity, insulin resistance or hypertension have a low urinary pH. The prevalence of obesity and insulin resistance has increased the risk of urolithiasis in both men and women. This risk has further increased in shift workers especially in nurses. There seems to be a bilateral association between hypertension and urolithiasis. Nurses are a population at risk of developing metabolic syndrome and consequently urolithiasis. It is important to understand whether nurses may be at risk of urolithiasis, to prevent bad habits and to anticipate days off. Nurses are a population at risk of developing metabolic syndrome and consequently urolithiasis.