bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Corn Inbreds and Hybrids by Means of Planting Dates1
Authors: Gilmore E. C. , Rogers J. S.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Agronomic characters of corn were sufficiently affected by planting date environments to warrant using date of planting as a means of sampling environments.
Stability of Gibberellic Acid in Contact with Fertilizer Compounds as Shown by Response of Pinto Beans
Authors: Norland M. A. , Erickson C. J.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Gibberellic acid gave significant height responses even after storage up to 16 weeks, both from spray and soil applications.
Combining Ability in Bromus Inermis Leyss1
Authors: Timothy D. H. , Thomas H. L. , Kernkamp M. F.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The clones differed in general combining ability for forage yield, seed yield, and leaf spot reactions. For plant height, specific combining ability was significant and general combining effects were not present. In general, there was fair agreement among the rank of clones and the two measures of combining ability, polycross progeny performance and average single cross performance.
Liming Qualities of Three Cement Kiln Flue Dusts and a Limestone in a Greenhouse Comparison1
Authors: Whittaker Colin W. , Erickson C. J. , Love Katharine S. , Carroll Dorothy M.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Three cement kiln flue dusts had about the same soil liming qualities as pulverized limestone. In cultures all receiving the same total amount of soluble potash, the dusts produced alfalfa yields on initially acid soils equal to or exceeding those produced by the limestone and had similar effects on soil pH, potassium and calcium contents of the crop, and on crop reduction through overliming.
Some Relationships Between Climate and Yields of Corn and Wheat in Spink County, South Dakota, and Yields of Milo and Cotton at Big Spring, Texas1
Authors: Moldenhauer W. C. , Westin F. C.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Temperature was a highly important factor in crop yields. In Spink county, the effect of June and July average maximum temperatures on wheat and corn yields, respectively, overshadowed the effects of rainfall for these two months. At Big Spring, temperature effects also overshadowed the effects of seasonal rainfall. An explanation for the overshadowing effect of temperature is that summer temperatures reflect preceding climatic conditions whereas precipitation does not.
Effect of Lime, Soil Type, and Soil Temperature on Phosphorus Nutrition of Turnips Grown on Phosphorus‐Deficient Soils1
Authors: Army T. J. , Miller E. V.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Lime applications and increased soil temperatures caused a significant release of unavailable soil phosphorus. Acid‐soluble phosphorus accumulated in limed soils.
Inheritance of a Flower Character, Brown Keel Tip, in Lotus Corniculatus L.1
Authors: Hart R. H. , Wilsie C. P.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Segregation in F1, F2, F3, and BC progenies from the cross, brown keel tip ✕ normal, suggested that brown keel tip was conditioned by a single dominant gene, B, inherited tetrasomically. A deficiency of recessive phenotypes was postulated to be due to the operation of alleles, CC, at an independent locus. The interaction of genes from these two loci appeared to be such that the double recessive form, bbbb cccc, was a zygotic lethal.
Metabolic Changes Induced in Alfalfa During Cold Hardening and Freezing1
Authors: Swanson C. R. , Adams M. W.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Respiration during hardening of Arizona Chilean and Teton alfalfas was determined daily in plants subjected to 4 combinations of daylength and temperatures. Respiration increased in plants exposed to alternating temperatures regardless of daylength when measured at a constant 30° C. The same varieties, when frozen and thawed, showed higher respiration when previously hardened under alternating temperatures and short days, and the hardy variety Teton showed the greatest respiratory response to hardening.
Inbreeding Depression of Diallel Crosses of Selected Lines of Corn1
Authors: Rumbaugh M. D. , Lonnquist J. H.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The yield and plant and ear height data indicated that the relative importance of non‐additive sources of variation was quite small when compared to the variation explainable in terms of the additive model of gene action. Although the data preponderantly favored partial dominance, some indications of overdominance were obtained.
The Use of Chromosome Deficient Plants in Cytogenetic Analyses of Alfalfa1
Authors: Stanford E. H.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

A method is outlined by which alfalfa plants deficient for one chromosome, properly called trisomic tetraploids, may be used to identify genetic characters with a particular chromosome. One association of this type between a chromosome and a genetic character, “sticky leaf,” is described. The method will be useful in determining which chromosomes give disomic and which tetrasomic inheritance in alfalfa.
Susceptibility of Merion and Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties to Stripe Smut (Ustilago striiformis)
Authors: Kreitlow K. W. , Juska F. V.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

In field plots, Merion Kentucky bluegrass was appreciably more susceptible to stripe smut than other varieties and selections.
Vertical Distribution of Topdressed Fertilizer Phosphorus and Potassium in Relation to Yield and Composition of Pasture Herbage1
Authors: Doll E. C. , Hatfield A. L. , Todd J. R.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Yield of grass‐legume pasture for 2 years was increased by fertilization with P but not with K. Large amounts of nonexchangeable K were released when crop removal of K exceeded rate of application, but only relatively small amounts of applied K were fixed even when rate of application exceeded crop removal. No movement of P was detected below 3 inches, and no movement of K below 6 inches.
Comparisons of Nitrogen Source Materials for Midseason Fertilization of Sugar Beets1
Authors: Loomis R. S. , Brickey J. H. , Broadbent F. E. , Worker G. F.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Nitrate carriers proved to be more suitable than ammonium carriers for late‐season or emergency applications. Differences in plant response were interpreted through soil and tissue analyses.
Sources of Resistance to the Septoria Disease of Oats1
Authors: Hooker A. L.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Evaluations for reaction to Septoria avenae made at 3 locations in Wisconsin over a 3‐year period revealed several early or midseason oat varieties or selections which may represent promising sources of resistance to the Septoria disease.
Liquid Fertilizers as Sources of Phosphorus for Field Crops1
Authors: Lathwell D. J. , Cope J. T. , Webb J. R.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

In field experiments liquid fertilizers were found to be as satisfactory as comparable solid materials and concentrated superphosphate.
Selection for Vegetative Vigor and Seed Setting in Birdsfoot Trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.)1
Authors: Peacock H. A. , Wilsie C. P.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Wide differences among clones in vegetative vigor and seed production were evident; however, no apparent gain in either characteristic was made through two cycles of selection. The performance of open pollination progenies proved to be a good indication of diallei cross performance. Environmental, genetic, and observed correlations, and environmental and genetic path coefficients indicated that genetic effects were more important than environmental effects in contributing to the observed variability in various progeny characters.
Effect of Freezing Temperatures on Seed Viability and Seedling Vigor of Grain Sorghum1
Authors: Carlson Gerald E. , Atkins R. E.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The effect of freezing temperatures on grain sorghum seed of varying moisture content was manifest primarily as reduction in viability, with no appreciable reduction in seedling vigor. Reduction in viability was dependent upon differences in genotype, freezing temperature, duration at freezing temperature, and grain moisture content.
Effects of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizers on the Yield of Irrigated Grain Sorghum in Southwestern Kansas1
Authors: Herron George M. , Erhart Andrew B.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Good grain yields were obtained with 40 to 80 pounds of nitrogen per acre. There was little yield response to phosphorus. Soil organic matter was not a reliable index to the need for nitrogenous fertilizer.
Effect of Time of Applying Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield of Hops1
Authors: Brooks S. N. , Keller K. R.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Greater yield responses were obtained from early applications of nitrogen fertilizer to hops than from late applications. Supplying the fertilizer in split applications had no advantage over supplying a like total amount all at one time. Nitrogen fertilizer had no effect on the percentages of chemical quality components in the strobiles.
Response of Orchardgrass, Dactylis glomerata L., to Nitrogen Fertilization and Time of Cutting1
Authors: Scholl J. M. , McIntosh T. H. , Frederick L. R.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Yields of orchardgrass were increased significantly by NH4NO3 and NH3 in 1956 in southern Iowa. First cutting yields from NH3 were reduced because of applicator tillage effects under drouth conditions. Nitrogen carryover was significant. Plots first cut on May 10, 1957, produced lower yields than those cut for the first time on May 1, 20, or 30. Plots cut first time on May 30 yielded highest; nitrogen content was highest on those cut first May 1.
A Five‐Year Comparison of Rock Phospate and Concentrated Superphospate for Several Forage Crops1
Authors: Jackson James E. , Burton GLenn W.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Rock phosphate, at high rates, compared favorably with concentrated superphosphate. Sweet clover utilized rock phosphate more efficiently than other legumes when lime was also applied, but was very inefficient in the absence of lime. Six hundred pounds per acre of P2O5 from rock, supplemented with 60 pounds from concentrated superphosphate applied the first year, resulted in more total forage during 5 years than did 120 pounds per acre of P2O5 from concentrated super applied annually.
Comprehensive Reviews of State Station Research1
Authors: Ronningen T. S.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The nature and purposes of comprehensive reviews, a new method which is being used by state agricultural experiment stations to improve their research, is described. The nine reviews held during the first three years in agronomy and closely related fields and documented.
Grain Sorghum Caryopsis Development. I. Changes in Dry Weight, Moisture Percentage, and Viability1
Authors: Kersting J. F. , Stickler F. C. , Pauli A. W.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

In Combine Kafir‐60 grain sorghum, maximum dry weight accumulation was found 45 days after pollination with 23% moisture in 1958 and at 33 days with 30% moisture in 1959. Emergence in soil in the greenhouse exceeded 90% from seed 18 days old and older in 1958, and 86% from 33‐day and older seed in 1959. Significant decreases in seedling vigor were obtained from seed harvested at 21 and 18 days, respectively, in 1958 and 1959. Significant correlations were noted between seed and seeding weights, and between seed weight and percentage emergence.
Transpiration and Evapotranspiration of Corn as Related to Meteorological Factors1
Authors: Fritschen Leo J. , Shaw R. H.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The plastic film, covering the ground, which was used to suppress evaporation also altered the micro‐climate. To obtain values of transpiration for the natural plots, the transpiration measured in the plastic‐covered plots was adjusted using the ratios of energy intercepted by the plant canopies. It was found that the adjusted transpiration was .89 of evapotranspiration. Without adjustment, it was .73 of evapotranspiration.
Seedling Growth Differences of Several Cotton Varieties and the Influence of Gibberellin1
Authors: Bird L. S. , Ergle David R.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Varieties differed in seedling growth, with rapid emergence and seedling height being positively correlated. Varieties varied in their response to gibberellin, with the faster‐emerging, taller seedling types giving the greatest response.
A Comparison of Birdsfoot Trefoil and Ladino Clover under Varying Irrigation and Fertility Levels1
Authors: Cooper Clee S.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Increasing frequency of irrigation gave a marked response with Ladino clover, but not with birdsfoot trefoil. Part of the response of Ladino clover was attributed to a better medium on irrigated plots for the regeneration of clover stands which were depleted from winterkilling. Birdsfoot trefoil did not respond to irrigation because of the presence of a shallow water table within reach of birdsfoot trefoil roots. Frequent irrigations resulted in decreased stands of birdsfoot trefoil which were accompanied by an ingress of weeds.
Fertilizer‐Induced Changes in Botanical Composition, Yield, and Quality of Native Meadow Hay1
Authors: Rumburg C. B. , Cooper C. S.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

High rates of N and P fertilizers and manure changed the botanical composition and increased hay yields from native flood meadows. Rush and sedge composed 62, 54, 12, and 4% of the hay at 0, 200, 400, and 600 lb. N/acre, while grasses composed 20, 44, 88, and 96% with the same rates of N. Yields of hay were significantly increased with N, P, and manure. The treatments had little effect on the crude‐protein content in the hay. Increasing rates of N decreased the P content in the forage.
A Practical Approach to the Construction and Operation of a Phytotron1
Authors: DeRemer E. Dale , Smith R. L.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

This paper describes two phytotrons, wherein simplicity and low cost of construction were achieved, along with close control of the environmental factors of day‐temperature, night‐temperature, photoperiod, light intensity and quality, and humidity.
Single vs. Split Potassium Applications for Coastal Bermudagrass1
Authors: Burton Glenn W. , Jackson James E.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Splitting annual potash applications increased hay yields of Coastal bermudagrass only as available potassium in the soil reached a very low level. Splitting potash applications, however, consistently increased available potassium in the soil over single applications. Luxury consumption of potassium can be reduced by making split applications of potash at no more than half the nitrogen rates on soils kept low in available potassium.
Corn Grain and Silage Yields in Hokkaido, Japan1
Authors: Drake Mack , Ishizuka Y. , Gotoh K.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Relatively early maturing dent corn hybrids from the USA and Japan were grown in Hokkaido in 1958 and 1959. Yields of grain and silage were comparable to those of northern U.S.A. Cornbelt. Response to nitrogen and interaction between hybrid and location were measured. Population, studies at two locations were reported.
Productivity of Four Selected Tennessee Soils in Terms of Corn Yield1
Authors: Russ Porter L. , Bell Frank F.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Corn yields from four soils indicated that, regardless of soil type, high plant populations were necessary for maximum productivity, and that optimum plants per acre varied with soil type. Each soil had a distinctly different range in yield which was characteristic of its productive capacity.
Generalization of Yield Equations in Two Variables: III. Application of Yield Data from 30 Initial Fertility Levels1
Authors: Voss Regis , Pesek John
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Restrictive second degree polynomial yield equations in N and P for oats grown in the greenhouse at each of 30 different initial fertility levels within one soil type were utilized in the application of a generalization procedure previously proposed in this series. A multiple regression model including N and P fertilizer and soil test levels plus all possible linear interactions gave good evidence that the yields from the different initial fertility levels belonged to the same general yield surface.
Salinity Effects on Sweetpotato Growth1
Authors: Greig J. K. , Smith F. W.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Sweetpotato vine growth was highly correlated with osmotic concentration of the cultural media whether solutions or soils were employed.
Controlled Soil Cracking as a Possible Means of Moisture Conservation on Wheatlands of the Southwestern Great Plains1
Authors: Johnson Wendell C.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Discontinuities in moisture extraction leading to soil cracking in a predetermined pattern were caused by removal of a portion of the stand in a field of wheat. Depending on orientation, the average width of the cracks induced was 1% to 2 times that of naturally occurring cracks. Controlled soil cracking to increase crack size is suggested as an economically feasible method for increasing the depth and rate of penetration of rains on dry‐farmed wheatland.
Soybean Chlorosis from Heavy Fertilization1
Authors: Weber J. B. , Caldwell A. C.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Heavy applications of concentrated superphosphate alone and in combination with KCl resulted in chlorotic plants. There was evidence that K was limiting on plants receiving high rates of P and that Mn was limiting on plants receiving high rates of both P and K. Applications of Mn chelates gave a slight increase in yield on plots that received high rates of P and K and a large decrease on plots that received P only.
Use of Radiophosphorous in Measuring Root Growth of Sorghums1
Authors: McClure Jerry W. , Harvey Clark
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Radiophosphorus provides a means of measuring the rate and extent of root growth throughout the growing season under field conditions with a minimum of soil disturbance. Data reported herein substantiate other findings on depth and lateral spread of grain sorghum roots but show, in addition, that significant root growth was made by a sorghum hybrid after flowering.
Saline Irrigation of Several Vegetable Crops at Various Growth Stages. I. Effect on Yields1
Authors: Lunin J. , Gallatin M. H. , Batchelder A. R.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

There were significant reductions in yield for all crops with increasing salinity. With the exception of beet tops and broccoli tops, reductions in yields were significantly less when salinized at more mature growth stages. Tomato tops and pepper tops were the only crops tested which showed a significant interaction between growth stage and salinity
A Measurement of the Contributions of Ten Species to Pasture Mixtures1
Authors: Jackobs J. A.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Alfalfa and orchardgrass had the greatest influence on production of pasture seeding mixtures. Ladino clover fluctuated widely due to winterkilling and reseeding. Smooth bromegrass, perennial ryegrass, red clover, alsike clover, and birdsfoot trefoil declined after the first year of production. Initial stands of tall fescue and timothy were not adequate to evaluate these species. After disappearance of a shortlived species from a mixture, there was only temporary reduction in yield if either alfalfa or orchardgrass was present.
Sweet Corn Production as Affected by Moisture and Nitrogen Variables1
Authors: Stanberry C. O. , Schreiber H. A. , Lowrey M. , Jenson C. L.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Moisture and nitrogen variables influenced sweet corn production at various growth stages‐seedling establishment, internode elongation, and pollination and grain development in a 3‐year investigation. Components contributing directly to yield were plant population, ears per plant, and weight per ear (including rows of kernels per ear, kernels per row, and weight per kernel). All were affected by irrigation and/or N fertilization.
Effect of Variation in Fertilizer Rates and Ratios on Yield and Profit Surfaces1
Authors: Engelstad O. P.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Yield and profit surfaces from two selected corn and cotton experiments indicate that a rather wide range of flexibility in fertilizer rate and ratio is possible without seriously affecting either yield or profit.
Availability of Fertilizer Phosphorus in Three Latosols of Hawaii1
Authors: DeDatta S. K. , Fox R. L. , Sherman G. Donald
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

These soils immobilized 98 to 99.8% of added P. In 2 acid soils, liming to pH 5.5 reduced the extractable aluminum by more than half. The amount of added P that remained in solution after 1 hour equilibration increased progressively when the pH was adjusted to 5.8 in one of these soils and to 6.6 in the other. Evidence indicated that sudangrass seedlings, grown in vermiculite, lost P when the root system was placed in contact with soils having high fixation capacity.
Effects of City Sewage Effluent on Grain Yield and Grain and Malt Quality of Fall‐Sown, Irrigated Barley1
Authors: Day A. D. , Dickson A. D. , Tucker T. C.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

In general, the application of sewage effluent to barley resulted in an increase in grain yield, percentage of nitrogen, and malt diastatic power, but kernel weight, kernel size, and malt extract percentage were decreased.
Toxicity to Garden Peas of Certain Finely‐Ground Woods and Barks Mixed with Soil1
Authors: Allison F. E. , DeMar W. H. , Smith J. H.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Twenty‐two of 28 woods and barks studied produced no significant toxicity, 4 of either the woods or barks caused slight inhibition of growth, and 2 (California incense cedar wood and white pine bark) were very injurious.
Response of Several Crops to Ammonium and Nitrate Forms of Nitrogen as Influenced by Soil Fumigation and Liming1
Authors: Morris H. D. , Giddens Joel
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

A differential response to N source was found among the six crops on fumigated soil when plant weight was used as the criterion. Plant height and percent total N in the plant were found to be unsatisfactory criteria for evaluating the efficiency of N sources.
Soil Water Depletion by Irrigated Cotton as Influenced by Water Regime and Stage of Plant Development1
Authors: Amemiya M. , Namken L. N. , Gerard C. J.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The period of peak soil water depletion occurred at early bloom. High soil water extended this peak period and increased the rate and amount of water depletion. Although cotton plants may extract water from depths below their primary root zone, the rate of water extraction from these depths may not be sufficient to maintain optimum plant growth during periods of peak demand.
Relationship Between NO3‐N Production, Dry‐Matter Production and N Responses on Coastal Plain Soils1
Authors: Welch C. D. , Bartholomew W. V.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Nitrate‐N production appeared to give a better estimate of the availability of soil N than Kjeldahl N or organic matter. Higher correlation coefficients were obtained for data from well‐drained than from poorly drained soils. Comparisons between results for organic matter or Kjeldahl N and corn yield responses from N applications under field conditions were not significant.
Effect of Irrigation and Rate and Time of Nitrogen Application on Temporary Winter Grazing1
Authors: Craigmiles J. P. , Crowder L. V.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Forage yields were not significantly affected by the method of applying N. Irrigation increased production and the stand of crimson clover. The clover stand was reduced or eliminated by N applications of 32 pounds per acre or more. Production increased with each increment of N up to 256 pounds on the nonirrigated plots and up to 128 pounds on irrigated plots. Winter killing occurred on irrigated plots where 150 pounds of N were applied.
Value of Pelleted Fescue, Browntop Millet, and Whole Stalk Corn as Steer Feed1
Authors: Beaty E. R. , Hayes D. D. , Worley Edward E.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

When pelleted whole‐stalk corn and fescue were fed to growing steers, feed intake and gains were not different from those of steers fed ground snapped corn. Pelleted browntop millet was consumed at the same rate but gains were reduced.
Mineral Composition of Gluten, Starch and Water‐Soluble Fractions of Wheat Flour and Its Relationship to Flour Quality1
Authors: Bequette R. K. , Watson C. A. , Miller B. S. , Johnson J. A. , Schrenk W. G.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Elemental composition of the flour fractions was affected by location and by variety. Total ash and the 7 elements studied were distributed quite differently among the 3 flour fractions. The significant relationships obtained between elemental composition of the flour fractions and baking quality indicate that mineral uptake by the wheat plant is an important factor in flour quality, although the data presented do not warrant conclusions regarding the exact mechanisms involved.
Cotton Response to Fertilization on Two Soils Differing in Salinity1
Authors: Amer Fathi , Elgabaly M. M. , Balba Monem A.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Cotton responded only to N, due to the presence of adequate levels of P and K in the soil. The degree of response and N recovery by the crop were greater for the nonsaline soil than for the salt‐affected soil.
Radioactive Isotope Demonstration for Improved Teaching of Soil Chemistry1
Authors: Himes F. L.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The use of Sr90 to demonstrate cation exchange reactions has been effective in increasing the interest of beginning soil students in soil chemistry and in the adsorption of cations by soil. The demonstration is used as a basis to explain many of the observations made since radioactive fallout has occurred. Also, the demonstration is used to illustrate the removal of radioactive materials from solutions by ion exchange.
Effect of the Amount of Water Applied as a Single Irrigation on Cotton Grown Under Dryland Conditions1
Authors: Marani A. , Fuchs Y.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The optimum amount of water, applied as a single irrigation to cotton ‘Pima 32’ variety at the beginning of flowering, was that needed to wet the soil to a depth of approximately 90 cm. A higher amount of water, though inducing more vegetative growth and flowering, did not produce lint yield, boll size, or number of harvested bolls exceeding this optimum treatment. An amount of water less than the optimum was less effective.
Effectiveness of Inorganic Nitrogen as a Replacement for Legumes Grown in Association with Forage Grasses. II. Nitrogen Content, Yield of Nitrogen, and Seasonal Distribution1
Authors: Carter Lark P. , Scholl J. M.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Percent N and seasonal yield of N in pure orchardgrass and bromegrass stands were increased significantly by each increment of fertilizer N with 0, 30, 60, 120, and 240 pound‐per‐acre rates. Split applications of 120 pounds of N did not result in significant seasonal N yield increases. Application of fertilizer N to grass‐legume mixtures resulted in increased yields of N and consistently increased the percent N in th grass component in the first harvest.
Field Plot Technique Studies with Flue‐Cured Tobacco. II. Experimental Designs and Replications1
Authors: Crews Julian W. , Jones Guy L. , Mason D. D.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Simple and triple lattice designs were 4 and 5% more efficient than randomized complete block designs at Rocky Mount, and 54 and 60% more efficient at Rural Hall for yield as determined from uniformity data. Precision was increased with a 7 × 7 triple lattice for all characters studied at 6 locations during 3 years. Expected LSD for yield from 4 replications of the optimum (27 plants) and plots 2 rows by 20 plants was 4.9 and 4.4% of the mean, respectively, at Rocky Mount and 7.9 and 7.5% at Rural Hall.
Cooperative N. S. F. Sponsored Projects with High School Science Teachers and Students1
Authors: Dawson M. D.
Published: July 2010

SYNOPSIS. The nature and scope of the program for high school science teachers and students varies considerably from one institution to another. The response from teachers and students suggests they are being stimulated and motivated by their varied experiences in soil and crop science programs. While such programs have influenced several high school science students to subsequently enroll in agronomy or soils departments, the programs probably have important effects on the image of agriculture and agronomy for many who do not choose these areas for their life's work.
Seed and Forage Production of Irrigated Russian Wildrye as Influenced by Time and Rate of Nitrogen Fertilization1
Authors: Rogler George A. , Lorenz Russell J.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Significant increases in seed and forage aftermath yields of Russian wildrye were obtained from annual applications of 50, 100, and 200 pounds of N per acre. Average yields of both seed and forage were increased by each added increment of N. As stands became older the application of N sustained both seed and forage yields at a much higher level than no N. There were no significant differences in seed and forage yields between single and split applications of N and no yield response to P.
Effect of Soil Water Content on the Growth of Adventitious Roots of Sunflower1
Authors: Stevenson D. S. , Boersma L.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Root growth was not dependent upon the water content of a sandy loam, but was markedly increased by increased initial water contents in a clay loam. The relationship was slightly curvilinear. Root growth as a result of water content or soil moisture suction treatments should be accounted for whenever the effects of water supply on absorption processes are under investigation. A technique involving the growth of adventitious roots was used.
Distribution of C14 Among Metabolites of Flooded and Aerobically Grown Tomato Plants1
Authors: Fulton J. M. , Erickson A. E. , Tolbert N. E.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The distribution of photosynthetically fixed C14O2 among 14 metabolites of tomato plants (watered normally) was compared with th t from plants which were flooded. The flooding treatments produced marked changes in the percent of C14 label found as glucose, fructose, sucrose, malic acid, citric acid, gamma amino butyric acid, and the lipid fraction.
Studies with Sudangrass. II. Nutritive Evaluation by In Vivo and In Vitro Methods1
Authors: Reid R. L. , Clark B. , Jung G. A.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Digestibility and intake data were determined on chopped, green sudangrass fed at various stages of maturity to sheep. Feeding value, as expressed by a calculated Nutritive Value Index, was found to decrease markedly with growth stage; higher levels of nitrogen fertilization had little effect on intake or dry matter digestibility, but increased protein digestibility. In vitro indices of cellulose digestibility and gas production were found to be highly correlated with the animal criteria of digestibility, intake, and N.V.
Influence of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide on Germination and Seedling Development of Corn (Zea mays L.)1
Authors: Unger Paul W. , Danielson Robert E.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Corn seeds were germinated and the seedlings permitted to develop on wet filter paper in sealed containers at various pressures of oxygen or mixtures of oxygen and carbon dioxide. The seeds germinated over a wide range of oxygen pressures, but further radicle elongation was inhibited by 0.0‐ and 150.0‐cm. Hg oxygen pressure. Maximum radicle growth occurred at 20.0 cm. pressure. Sharp reductions in growth were noted for oxygen pressures less than 20.0 cm. Radicle growth in mixtures of oxygen and carbon dioxide was significantly greater than growth in oxygen alone.
Seasonal Response of Temporary Winter Grazing Mixtures to Split Applications of Nitrogen1
Authors: Cummins D. G. , Craigmiles J. P. , Newton J. P.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Forage yields of nonirrigated oat mixtures and both irrigated and nonirrigated rye mixtures were increased by split applications of N compared to applying all the N at planting time. Irrigated oats did not respond to split N applications. Split applications of N increased late season forage production with little effect on fall production when compared with applying all the N at planting. Rye appears to be more responsive to split N applications than oats. Forage yields of oat and rye mixtures were increased by increasing N rates and by irrigation.
Effect of Submersion in Water on Tall Fescue, Orchardgrass, and Ladino Clover1
Authors: Gilbert W. B. , Chamblee D. S.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The influence of submersion in water for various intervals at 65° F. and 90° F. on the growth and survival of seedling and mature plants was determined. Tall fescue was more tolerant of flooding than orchardgrass and ladino clover. Seedling and mature plants of orchardgrass and ladino clover were materially damaged by flooding at 90° F. for periods of 2 to 6 days; whereas much less damage was realized at the lower temperature.
Effect of Plant Density and Moisture Supply on the Forage Quality of Sudangrass (Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Staph)1
Authors: Koller H. R. , Clark N. A.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Under a pasture management system, quality of sudangrass forage at the initial harvest decreased as plant population increased. At the second harvest, forage quality improved as plant density increased. Moisture supply did not significantly affect forage quality at either harvest.
Reaction of Peanuts to Dry and Wet Growing Periods in Brazil1
Authors: Wessling W. H.
Published: July 2010

Reactions of Spanish‐Valencia, Virginia bunch, and runner peanut varieties and strains to wet and dry growing periods were studied during three growing seasons, 1959 to 1962, in the western part of the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil.

During the three wet seasons Spanish—Valencia peanuts made better use of excess moisture at high temperatures than did the other two groups. Virginia bunch and runner varieties and strains reacted similarly and rather uniformly within each group during these three growing periods. Excess moisture influenced the development of these two groups negatively.

During the dry seasons the productivity of Spanish‐Valencia peanuts was below that of the other two groups when the planting date was early enough to avoid extreme conditions.

The Virginia bunch peanuts maintained their wet‐season growing pattern in the dry seasons of 1960 and 1961 with a slight yield advantage for the dry season crops. This peanut group was less affected by either moisture or temperature unless very low rainfall and temperatures exceeded the adaptability of this group. This was demonstrated by experiments made during the dry season of 1962.

The runner peanuts fell into two groups on the basis of the dry season experiments, one group reacting like Spanish—Valencia peanuts, the other like Virginia bunch peanuts. Genetical background and a higher sensitivity to temperature differences were suggested as the main causes for this reaction pattern.
Influence of Soil Texture and Rainfall on the Response of Cotton to Moisture Regime1
Authors: Gerard C. J. , Namken L. N.
Published: July 2010

Irrigation studies indicate that the water management requirement of cotton is dependent upon soil texture and related rooting characteristics of the plants. Cotton on medium‐textured soils develops an extensive root system which is able to extract water to depths of 4 to 5 feet (2). Moisture depletion patterns on fine‐textured soils indicate that soil moisture extraction is largely restricted to the surface 2 feet.

Cotton on the medium‐textured soils needs only 1 or 2 irrigations, depending on rainfall, to produce satisfactory yields. Cotton on the fine‐textured soils should be irrigated every 10 to 15 days, with the first irrigation applied at the first bloom; 4 to 6 light irrigations during blooming and fruiting period are required to produce satisfactory yields.

Summer rainfall often supplies sufficient water to produce 80 to 90% of the yield potential on medium‐textured soils but only 50% of yield potential on fine‐textured soils. Lack of sufficient absorbing roots prevents cotton from extracting sufficient water during peak demand period from depths below its primary root zone (0 to 3 feet) on medium‐textured soil. Extraction of water from below its primary root zone (top foot) is insufficient to prevent reduction in growth and yield of cotton grown on fine‐textured soil.
Regrowth Potential of Coastal Bermudagrass as Related to Previous Nitrogen Fertilization1
Authors: Adegbola Anthony A. , McKell Cyrus M.
Published: July 2010

This study evaluated the regrowth potential of Coastal bermudagrass differentially fertilized during a previous season with 0, 250, 500, 750, 1000, and 1250 pounds N per acre in 5 equal increments, respectively. Six‐inch diameter dormant sod plugs were taken from each plot, potted, and placed in a dark chamber. Leaf growth was measured in weight of dry matter produced per sod plug. Carbohydrate reserves in stubble and rhizomes were determined by chemical analysis.

Regrowth after 6 weeks was closely related to the content of carbohydrate reserve present in the stubble and rhizome. Overall regrowth (18 weeks) mainly reflected the result of the first 6‐week growth period and suggested that 6 weeks were adequate for this test. Sod plugs from plots fertilized at 500 pounds N per acre made the best regrowth. Least regrowth was made by sod plugs from plots fertilized at 750 pounds N per acre.
Effect of Row Spacing, Plant Population, and Nitrogen Fertilization on Dryland Grain Sorghum Production1
Authors: Welch Norman H. , Burnett Earl , Eck H. V.
Published: July 2010

Population, N fertilization, and row spacing of grain sorghum were studied on Springer loamy fine sand. In the presence of adequate N, production of grain and residue increased with increasing populations. Optimum populations for both grain and residue production were between 40,000 and 60,000 plants per acre.

Maximum yields of grain and residue were obtained with 50 pounds of N, except under above‐average moisture conditions and high plant populations. At populations of 40,000 plants per acre, grain and residue yields in 20‐inch rows equaled or exceeded those in 40‐inch rows. Increased yields with increasing populations and N rates resulted from increased water‐use efficiency rather than from an increase in the amount of water used.

Plant populations had little effect on grain residue ratios. Ratios decreased with increasing N rates in one season and increased with increasing N rates in the following season.

Nitrogen content of grain and recovery of applied N in grain indicate low efficiency of applied N.

The results of this study indicate that grain sorghum, grown continuously, can produce sufficient residue to provide satisfactory wind erosion control on the easily erodible soils of the Southern High Plains. To do this, plant populations must be high (40,000 to 60,000 plants per acre) and sufficient plant nutrients must be supplied to give maximum or near maximum plant growth.
Relationship of Soil Phosphorus to Fertilizer Response of Irrigated Forage1
Authors: Read D. W. L.
Published: July 2010

Sodium bicarbonate‐extractable P in the soil was related to fertilizer response of brome grass‐alfalfa mixtures at nine irrigated locations in southwestern Saskatchewan. Phosphatic fertilizer increased the yield and phosphorus content of the forage over that from unfertilized plots on soils with less than 10 ppm bicarbonate extractable phosphorus, but not on soils with more than 20 ppm. The difference attributable to soil P was more distinct when the response from NP fertilizer, was compared to that from N alone. Soil texture, frequency of application of fertilizer and irrigation intensity had little effect on the relative response to fertilizer.
Response of Corn (Zea mays L.) to Population, Bed Height, and Genotype on Poorly Drained Sandy Soil II. Top Growth and Root Relationships1
Authors: Norden A. J.
Published: July 2010

Two corn hybrids were grown at 5 plant populations and 4 bed heights in contrasting wet and dry years. A positive curvilinear relationship was observed between plant population and grain yield per acre. On a per plant basis, increasing the population from 5,000 to 25,000 Jams per acre decreased grain yield 73%; while plant height increased 5% and lodging 17%. Bedding increased grain yields in the wet year but not in the dry year. The grain yield response was more closely associated with the dry weight of roots than with the width or depth of the root clump. Plant height was not greatly affected by plant population or bedding and was not closely associated with root development. Increased lodging at the higher plant populations appeared to be largely the result of a reduction in root density without an accompanying reduction in plant height. The dry weight of roots per plant was 29% greater in a dry than in a wet year; however, the grain yield was 40% less. An interaction between genotype, year and bedding was observed in grain yield and plant height.
Solution and Granular Nitrogen Fertilizers for Crop Residue Management1
Authors: Stroehlein J. L. , Fenn L. B. , Fuller W. H.
Published: July 2010

The effects of solution and granular N fertilizers and straw on the nitrate (NO3) content of soil and cotton petioles were studied in the laboratory and field. In the laboratory, applications of solution N with straw to soils generally resulted in more rapid mineralization of N when compared with granular applications. In the field, applications of N increased soil and petiole NO3 but tended to decrease cotton yields. Granular rather than solution N applied to straw and bare soil generally produced the highest NO3 content of the soil but there was no difference in petiole NO3. Straw alone decreased yields but did not affect soil and petiole NO3. Straw plus N tended to decrease soil and petiole NO3 when compared with N applications alone. N in the solid form at a rate of 125 pounds per acre produced yields statistically equal to the check treatment.
Root Training by Plastic Tubes II. Geotropic Reaction of the Roots of Several Species1
Authors: De Roo H. C.
Published: July 2010

In the greenhouse, the difference in ability of roots of different species to grow upward was appraised by growing plants in U‐shaped tubing. In the field, plants grown in straight tubes were inserted vertically into the prepared plow layer. In curved tubes, cabbage and rape plants rapidly returned their fibrous root systems to their crowns; in the field, they bent upward from the impenetrable plow pan and permeated the plow layer. Other species, such as oats, showed little ability to grow upward in the soil.
Effect of Water Management and Surface Applied Barriers on Yield and Moisture Utilization of Grain Sorghum in the Southern Great Plains1
Authors: Griffin R. H. , Ott B. J. , Stone J. F.
Published: July 2010

The effect of two irrigation schemes common to the High Plains and the effect of plastic film, asphalt film, and asphalt coated paper soil covers on grain sorghum (Sorghum vulgare Pers.) yield and soil moisture efficiency were examined. Early season results indicate that soil moisture losses are largely confined to soil evaporation and that these losses may predominate for approximately 3 weeks after planting. Conventional irrigation by physiological plant growth stages did not insure maximum yields. Maximum yields, maximum consumptive use, and minimum water use efficiency were obtained by maintaining the soil profile above 50% available moisture. With this high soil moisture condition, some consumptive use values for grain sorghum in the southern Great Plains exceeded 0.7 inch per day during mid‐summer. Exceptionally good yields, minimum consumptive use, and maximum water use efficiency were obtained by eliminating soil surface evaporation with a complete plastic film soil cover applied at planting. Partial soil surface covers of plastic film, asphalt film, and asphalt coated paper proved equally effective in reducing surface evaporation and increasing water use efficiency. Reduced yields were obtained from plots where the grain sorghum plants were allowed to show visual signs of moisture stress.
Grain Sorghum Production on a Calcareous Cut Site as Influenced by Phosphorus, Zinc, and Iron Fertilization1
Authors: Nossaman N. L. , Travis D. O.
Published: July 2010

The interactions of P, Zn, and Fe fertilization of grain sorghum growing on Bca and Cca soil horizons from a recent cut site were examined. Phosphorus concentrations were increased from .21 to .26% by applications of 0 to 44 pounds P per acre without adding Zn. Phosphorus concentration remained approximately .20% when 20 pounds of Zn per acre were applied. Zinc concentration decreases with increasing P applications were also apparent. The effect of applying 8 pounds of Fe per acre with the P and Zn applications uniformly increased Zn concentration approximately 1 ppm. Grain yields depended on applications of both P and Zn. Forage yields were significantly increased only by P application.
Effect of Water Regime and Fertilization on Barley Growth, Water Use, and N and P Uptake1
Authors: Reichman G. A. , Grunes D. L.
Published: July 2010

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grown on two soils in a controlled light‐temperature environment was watered only at predetermined levels of soil water suction and fertilized to several levels with N and P. Yields and soil and fertilizer P absorption were reduced on treatments with high moisture suctions at the time the soil was rewatered. The reduction in uptake was greater for soil P than for fertilizer P. Thus, increasing the maximum soil suction increased the relative absorption of fertilizer P by barley on both soils. Increasing the maximum soil suction did not affect the total N absorbed by the plants. Water use, dry matter produced from each unit of water consumed, and N and P absorption were increased by fertilization. On Gardena loam, the yields from the 40‐ and 80‐ppm N treatments were reduced appreciably by 6 bars suction. However, at the zero N level, there was little growth reduction at 6 bars. At 19 bars suction, the growth was reduced on all fertilizer treatments. Within each N level, P generally increased yields similarly on both soils at suctions of 7 bars or less. For each moisture treatment, fertilizer additions increased dry matter. Water use increased in a like manner.
Effects of Molybdenum Seed Treatments on Germination of Soybeans1
Authors: Johnson B. J. , Harris H. B. , Parker M. B. , Winstead E. E.
Published: July 2010

Seed of Glycine max (L.) Merr., ‘Hill’ and ‘Hampton,’ were treated with 1 and 4 ounces of ammonium molybdate, molybdic acid, sodium molybdate, and “Moly‐Gro” per 60 pounds of seed to study effects of molybdenum sources on germination. Ammonium molybdate rates ranging from 1/4 to 8 ounces per 60 pounds of seed were applied to seed of Hill, ‘Hood,’ Hampton, and ‘Jackson’ to study the reaction of varieties to molybdenum treatment. Material was dissolved in water and germination of treated samples was compared to that of wet and dry checks. Seed were sampled periodically for as long as 1 year in storage at two locations. Neither sources of molybdenum nor rates of ammonium molybdates up to 8 ounces per 60 pounds of seed caused germination losses of practical importance. High atmospheric humidity and poor quality seed were associated with an accelerated loss of germination. Wetting seed with 1/2 pint of water per 60 pounds of seed was associated with accelerated loss in germination in one experiment. These data indicate that soybean seed could be safely treated with molybdenum during the seed cleaning operation.