bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Brain-localized CD4 and CD8 T cells perform correlated random walks and not Levy walks
Authors: Patel Dhruv , Lin Raymond , Majumder Barun , Ganusov Vitaly V.
Published: January 2023

Background. For survival of the organism, T cells must efficiently control pathogens invading different peripheral tissues but whether such control (and lack of thereof) is achieved by utilizing different movement strategies remains poorly understood. Liver-localized CD8 T cells perform correlated random walks (CRWs)— a type of a Brownian walk – in liver sinusoids but in some conditions, these T cells may also perform Levy flights – rapid and large displacements by floating with the blood flow. CD8 T cells in lymph nodes or skin also undergo Brownian walks. A recent study suggested that brain-localized CD8 T cells, specific to Toxoplasma gondii, perform generalized Levy walks (LWs) – a walk type in which T cells alternate pausing and displacing long distances — which may indicate that brain is a unique organ where T cells exhibit movement strategies different from other tissues.

Methods. We quantified movement patterns of brain-localized Plasmodium berghei-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells by using well-established statistical and computational methods.

Results. We found that T cells change their movement pattern with time since infection and that CD4 T cells move faster and turn less than CD8 T cells. Importantly, both CD4 and CD8 T cells move in the brain by CRWs without long displacements challenging previous observations. We have also re-analyzed movement data of brain-localized CD8 T cells in T. gondii-infected mice from a previous study and found no evidence of LWs. We hypothesize that the previous conclusion of LWs of T. gondii-specific CD8 T cells in the brain was reached due to missing timeframes in the data that create an impression of large displacements between assumed-to-be sequential movements.

Conclusion. Our results suggest that movement strategies of CD8 T cells are largely similar between LNs, liver, and the brain and consistent with CRWs and not LWs.
The genome sequence of the turban top shell, Gibbula magus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Adkins Patrick , Harley Joanna , Darbyshire Teresa , Holmes Anna ,   Marine Biological Association Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective, Scott-Somme Kesella , Mieskowska Nova ,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: January 2023

We present a genome assembly from an individual Gibbula magus (the turban top shell; Mollusca; Gastropoda; Trochida; Trochidae). The genome sequence is 1,470 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 18 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 16.1 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 41,167 protein coding genes.
Academic Procrastination Scale-Short Form: un meta-análisis de generalización de la fiabilidad.
Authors: Hidalgo-Fuentes Sergio , Martínez-Álvarez Isabel
Published: January 2023

La procrastinación es una conducta habitual entre los estudiantes de diferentes niveles académicos que se relaciona con numerosas consecuencias negativas. El objetivo del presente trabajo es estimar la fiabilidad de la Academic Procrastination Scale-Short Form (APS-SF) mediante un meta-análisis de generalización de la fiabilidad. Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en cinco bases de datos y se revisaron las referencias del artículo original de validación de la APSSF. La estimación combinada de la fiabilidad de la prueba se realizó mediante un metanálisis de efectos aleatorios sobre 25 muestras independientes pertenecientes a 22 publicaciones. Los alfas de Cronbach se utilizaron como tamaño del efecto y se normalizaron sus distribuciones mediante la transformación de Bonett. La heterogeneidad fue evaluada a través de la Q de Cochran y el estadístico I2. El riesgo de sesgo de publicación se valoró mediante el gráfico de embudo y el test de regresión de Egger. La fiabilidad combinada estimada es de .89 (IC 95% = .87, .90). Los análisis de metaregresión y ANOVA muestran que la edad es un moderador estadísticamente significativo. No se observa riesgo de sesgo de publicación. Este trabajo muestra como la APS-SF es una herramienta fiable para la medición de la procrastinación académica.
Liaudies mįslėse užkoduoti vertybių požymiai / Cechy wartości zakodowane w zagadce ludowej
Authors: Rutkovska Kristina
Published: January 2023

Each genre of folklore has its own intention and means of expression. The purpose of folk riddles is to encode the world, to provide each element of the world with some distinctive features facilitating its identification, while metaphor and paradox become their main instruments of artistic expression. Riddles have mainly performed–and continue to perform–the functions of game and entertainment, but their deeper meaning is related to the categorisation of the world, dividing the universe into its separate components and finding points of connection between them. The search for the mother’s attributes and their coding principles in this paper has shown that the riddles focus on the mother’s actions, functions, appearance, character traits, and her operational space, and that the coding of the mother through metaphorisation is based on a wide range of the world components: from household objects, natural and earthly objects, to the celestial elements.
KLASTA lietuvių leksikografiniuose šaltiniuose: sisteminių duomenų analizė / PODSTĘP w litewskich źródłach leksykograficznych: analiza danych systemowych
Authors: Sakalauskienė Vilija
Published: January 2023

The opposition of values and anti-values exists and acts as a constant struggle between good and evil. Therefore, axiology is concerned with both positive and negative values. This article discusses a fairly common anti-value (or negative value) that is common in community life – treachery. The article aims to show, based on a detailed semantic and ethnolinguistic analysis of lexicographic data (definitions, illustrative sentences, synonyms, antonyms, derivatives, phraseologies and collocations), the linguistic and cultural image of treachery (as an anti-value) that is entrenched in the Lithuanian language worldview, how treachery is perceived and evaluated in the language, which of its stereotypical features are most revealed and assigned as synonymously related words: suktybė ‘cunning’, apgaulė ‘decept’, intriga ‘intrigue’, pinklės ‘scheme’ and other, and how these concepts have changed over time. The study is based on the premises provided by the representatives of the Lublin Ethnolinguistic School: statements about a certain object entrenched in the language must be selected from different language sources, i. e. different linguistic material is used for research. According to the methodology of this school of linguistics, systemic data, namely lexicographical data, are the most important for the reconstruction of the worldview of language. The research tries to find out: 1) whether the data of Lithuanian lexicographic sources allow reconstructing the lexical-semantic field of treachery that reflects the structure of this concept, to present the features of the meaning that people mean when using the word klasta in a specific context; 2) to compose fragments of the image of man encoded in Lithuanian dialect dictionaries into a whole (semantic categories) and to formulate a cognitive definition of the concept of klasta. Analyzing the data of Lithuanian lexicographic sources it was established that the lexeme klasta is used in various parts of lexicographic articles: 1) as the title word in lexicographic articles; 2) in definitions and illustrative sentences; 3) in the illustrations of articles of other words; 4) in terminological, phraseological compounds and paremias. After analyzing the data of lexicographic sources, the fragments of the image of the lexeme klasta were composed into a whole, i. e. semantic categories, and a cognitive definition was formed. The analysis of the above data shows that treachery is not only unacceptable to society behaviour and an expression of such behaviour, relevant to all stages of society, but is also a significant part of the interpretation of the worldview of language.
ODPOWIEDZIALNOŚĆ w systemie aksjologicznym współczesnej polskiej młodzieży (na podstawie danych ankietowych) / ATSAKINGUMAS šiuolaikinio Lenkijos jaunimo aksiologinėje sistemoje (anketinių duomenų pagrindu)
Authors: Żywicka Beata
Published: January 2023

The aim of this study is to outline the image of responsibility as seen in popular linguistic and axiological awareness of the generation of young Poles and to indicate what place responsibility has occupied in the value system of Polish youth in the past forty years on the basis of experiment data gathered in 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2020.The results show that what is most important to today’s Polish youth as regards responsibility, is being accountable for one’s own actions and decisions, being able to predict the consequences, rationally assess the situation, carry out the duties and meet one’s commitments. What characterizes a responsible person is faultless moral conduct, maturity, honesty, truthfulness and ability to keep one’s word. Responsible people are guided by definite principles and ethical standards, as well as reason. They help others and can admit to making a mistake. They are sensible, righteous, courageous, fair and honorable.
WOJNA – wartość czy antywartość? Na podstawie wybranych reportaży Wojciecha Jagielskiego / KARAS – vertybė ar antivertybė? Rinktinių Wojciecho Jagielskio reportažų pagrindu
Authors: Akram Sara
Published: January 2023

The aim of the article is an attempt to show whether war can be perceived as value or anti-value. The analysis is based on twenty contexts picked out from the reportages by Wojciech Jagielski: Dobre miejsce do umierania (A Good Place to Die), Modlitwa o deszcz (A Prayer for Rain) and Wieże z kamienia (Stone Towers). Contexts were chosen to show points of view of different characters whom reporter had spoken to during his journeys to different countries. Values have been a matter of philosophical reflection since the end of nineteenth century and are often understood as something good, which is why there are distinguished positive and negative values (also called “anti-values” in Polish linguistics). There are two perspectives concerning ontological status of values – an objective one and a subjective one. According to the first one values exist independently of humans, while according to the second one – they are shaped and created by a particular entity. The role of the human subject in discovering what is perceived as value (or anti-value) is particularly important in Polish linguistics. Considering various points of views, war can be perceived as value when it is understood as “holy war” and waged in the name of belief, but often it is understood as a necessity which has to happen in order to achieve other values, such as independence. War is usually perceived as anti-value by civilians who are entangled in it against their own will.
Neigiamų žmogaus gyvenimo apraiškų ryšys su pelėdos vaizdiniu lietuvių ir slavų etninėje kultūroje / Związek negatywnych przejawów życia człowieka z wizerunkiem sowy w litewskiej i słowiańskiej kulturze etnicznej
Authors: Jasiūnaitė Birutė , Konickaja Jelena
Published: January 2023

In the present article, the ethnolinguistic perspective on the interpretation of one of the most widespread birds in Lithuania and in the Slavic countries, namely, an owl, is studied. In the cultural tradition, both positive and negative aspects are associated with birds, and, as a rule, only negative ones are associated with birds of prey. The connection of an owl with negative aspects of life is analyzed on three levels: on the linguistic level (metaphors, fixed comparisons, phraseological units, etc.); on the level of folklore texts (songs, fairy tales, legends, etc.); and on the level of traditional concepts. The material for the study has been collected from the explanatory dictionaries of the Lithuanian and various Slavic languages, the phraseological dictionaries, folklore collections, etc. On the linguistic level, the analysis shows that in the Lithuanian and Slavic languages, an owl is usually associated with an ugly woman, with large bulging eyes, in Lithuanian it is also associated with an ugly sitting person (which is also found in Polish); in Slavic languages, there is a comparison between an owl and a person who has not slept at night for a long time. What is common in the Lithuanian and some Slavic languages is the love of an owl for its ugly children. In the Lithuanian song material, an owl is depicted as a comic character showing off its “beauty”. In the songs, there is an image of an owl as a rich woman (in Lithuanian and Belarusian folklore); the wedding motif of an owl married to a sparrow is popular in Lithuanian and some Slavic folklore traditions. The motif of widowhood, single motherhood is vividly represented in the Slavic languages. In Lithuanian and Slavic folklore, an owl is widely represented in marriage songs where this bird usually parodies the bride or another participant in the wedding ceremony. The nocturnal lifestyle is explained in Lithuanian and Slavic folklore by its fear of other birds chasing an owl during the day. An owl is demonized in the Lithuanian and Slavic folk tradition. For instance, Lithuanian folklore mentions that a witch can turn into an owl, while in Slavic folklore, an owl is often associated with other birds that are servants of the devil. In both Lithuanian and Slavic traditions, owls are able to foretell the future: either future misfortunes or a birth of a child. This is associated with the acoustic impression of owl’s cry, and with an idea of its connection with the other world. The above-mentioned general interpretations of an owl in the traditional culture of Lithuanians and Slavs, primarily Belarusians, Ukrainians, Poles, and to a lesser extent – the southern Slavs, Czechs and Slovaks, prove the close ties between Lithuanians’ and Slavs’ beliefs.
Wartości w językowo-kulturowym obrazie świata mieszkańców pogranicza polsko-białoruskiego (na podstawie relacji autochtonów) / Vertybės Lenkijos ir Baltarusijos pasienio gyventojų kalbiniame ir kultūriniame pasaulėvaizdyje
Authors: Konczewska Katarzyna
Published: January 2023

The article is based on interviews recorded during field explorations conducted at the Polish-Belarusian border in 2015–2019. The studies were carried out in a microarea between Krynki in Poland and Odelsk in Belarus. Here it is located one of the three clusters of petty nobility settlements (okolica) of the Grodno region, surrounded by Catholic and Orthodox villages. Before the establishment of the state border in 1948, this microarea was an integral part of the historical Grodno region. Nowadays it is mostly inhabited by autochthons of older age. The narrative story emerging from the interviews is a reflection of the linguistic and cultural picture world of the border region, both individual, and collective. The article focuses on the linguistic memory of the Catholic population of the study microarea. Based on the interviews conducted, the author highlights basic values this population, such as class identity, language, labor. Class identity takes an important place in the picture of the world of the local Catholic population. Before the Second World War, but also for some time after it, the petty nobility (szlachta) and villagers practically had no contact. The distinction between the okolica and the villages, the petty nobility (szlachta), and villagers have survived to this day. Interviews of autochthons provide rich information about the petty nobility (szlachta) distinctiveness manifested in various spheres of life, including family rites. These differences are also evident in the choice of language for everyday communication. For the inhabitants of the okolica it is a sociolect of szlachta, and for the villagers – the speech “po prostu”, and the Polish language they are used as the language of the liturgy. However, both classes are united by such value as labor. The oral history of the autochthons also preserves the memory of the Jewish community, which was an important element of the pre-war picture of the world of the studied microarea. The fragments of interviews presented in the article reproduce the everyday life of a multicultural border region and show the attachment of his community to their small homeland.
Stereotyp francuza i jego profile w polskiej kulturze ludowej – swój, inny czy jednak obcy? / Prancūzo stereotipas ir jo profiliai lenkų liaudies kultūroje: savas, kitoks ar vis dėlto svetimas?
Authors: Łaszkiewicz Monika
Published: January 2023

The article reconstructs the Frenchman base stereotype and methods of its profiling. The analyzes were based on the cognitive definition method proposed by Jerzy Bartmiński. The background of the material is system data (taken from dictionaries of general and dialectal Polish language) and texts (taken from folkloristic and ethnographic sources of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries). The main goal of this text is the extraction of specified Frenchman image functioning in a variety of genres and texts. The author states that from the perspective of the bearer of Polish folk culture, one can speak about his image: a Frenchman – foreigner, a Frenchman – enemy, a Frenchman – ally and a Frenchman – candidate for a husband. What is particularly important, the description of the Frenchman allowed also to reconstruct the auto-stereotype of Poles, their value system and points of view, which are modified, when confronted with the other.
Barbara święta o górnikach pamięta. Językowo-kulturowy obraz świętej Barbary w polskiej tradycji ludowej / Barbora šventoji, kalnakasius globoji. Kalbinis ir kultūrinis šv. Barboros paveikslas lenkų liaudies tradicijoje
Authors: Bielak Agata
Published: January 2023

The aim of this article is a reconstruction of the linguo-cultural image of Saint Barbara in Polish folk tradition. The author accepts Jerzy Bartmiński’s definition of the linguistic worldview. The method of description of the linguistic and cultural worldview is the cognitive definition, used in the Dictionary of Folk Stereotypes and Symbols. A cognitive definition consists of an explication built of facets and the documentation, arranged by the text genre. The data for the analysis come from many folk genres, records of beliefs and cultural practices, and the language system (extracted from general-purpose and dialectal dictionaries of Polish). The reconstruction of the linguocultural view of Saint Barbara shows that this saint is not only a patron saint of miners, but also a patron saint of good death, fishermen, sailors, rafters and other people who are connected with water by their trade. It is believed that she takes care of the sick. Saint Barbara was called during the thunderstorm and the hard labour. She is believed to protect people from the devil and Skarbnik. People also prayed to her to be supported in matrimonial matters. In folk religiousness her attributes are a sword, a monstrance, a chalice with the Host, a tower, a lily, and a palm.
Fluência de Leitura, Reconhecimento de Palavras e Compreensão Leitora em Alunos do 4º ao 9º Ano do Ensino Fundamental: Revisão Sistemática
Authors: Rodriguez Brito Gabriel , F. Ribeiro Camila , L. D. Fernandes Patricia , O. Julião Bruna , R. Alves Rauni J. , G. Seabra Alessandra
Published: January 2023

O processamento da leitura é resultado da interação de distintos processos cognitivos, como reconhecimento de palavras, compreensão oral e fluência. Há evidências sobre a importância da fluência para predizer a compreensão de leitura, mas ainda não é claro seu papel ao longo do desenvolvimento. Essa revisão sistemática analisou estudos nacionais e internacionais sobre a relaçãodas habilidades de reconhecimento de palavrase fluência de leitura com a compreensão de leitura em alunos do 4º ao 9º ano. A revisão foi conduzida deacordo com a metodologia prisma e utilizou a basede dados PubMed, de 2000 a setembro de 2019. Foram incluídos artigos que respondiam à pergunta norteadora e atendiam à temática estabelecida pelos descritores e palavras-chave. Foram encontrados 992 artigos, dos quais 904 foram excluídos pelo título e resumo e 56 pela leitura do texto completo. Isto possibilitou a análise de 32 artigos. Os resultados sugerem que, diferentemente do reconhecimento de palavras, a habilidade de fluência de leitura tende a manter relação significativa com a compreensão de leitura no decorrer do segundo ciclo do Ensino Fundamental.
O METRO DOS TRISTES
Authors: Ramos Ramon
Published: January 2023

O ensaio propõe uma hipótese de leitura da obra poética de Torquato Neto (1944 – 1972) a partir da pulsão de morte presente em seus textos e letras de música. Parte-se da premissa de que o autor piauiense faz uso do desencaixe em seus textos como espelho do entrelugar (conceito de Silviano Santiago que exploraremos ao longo da argumentação) que ocupa biograficamente no movimento Tropicalista de que participou com Caetano Veloso, Gilberto Gil, Capinam e outros. A fixação de Torquato com a imagem de vampiros também será abordada como anunciação não apenas da morte fetichizante (ao gosto dos românticos do século XIX), mas também como o entrelugar de sua orientação sexual — além da evidente associação do morto-vivo com o tema central do ensaio: a morte. A condução do argumento será feita em diálogo com o poema “Deus Verme”, do poeta paraibano Augusto dos Anjos (1884 – 1914). Ao abordar a imagem do transformismo e do devorar o corpo morto, o poema compõe sua exaltação à decomposição, feito um suicida que exalta a própria possibilidade do fim — como é o caso de Torquato Neto.
Incompatibilidades enunciativas no Programa de Leitorado: uma análise semiolinguística do discurso de ex-leitores do governo brasileiro
Authors: Oliveira Leilane Morais
Published: January 2023

Partindo do âmbito das políticas internacionais ligadas ao idioma nacional, este artigo discute o posicionamento de profissionais que atuaram junto à política linguística externa - Programa de Leitorado - do governo brasileiro. O objetivo do estudo é  verificar o posicionamento de ex-leitores quanto à experiência profissional de atuar na referida política. Para isso, o artigo analisa contrastivamente, por meio da Análise do Discurso Semiolinguística, os discursos que estes sujeitos apresentaram em relatórios oficiais enviados ao Itamaraty, bem como em resposta a um questionário aplicado pela autora. De modo geral, a análise dos dados permitiu concluir que, nos relatórios oficiais, os leitores se mostraram bastante satisfeitos diante da experiência que vivenciavam a cada semestre de trabalho realizado. No entanto, quando projetaram um Tud não institucionalizado (o qual equivale, em termos de Tui, à presente pesquisadora), o discurso adquiriu um tom de crítica e várias problemáticas foram apontadas.
DE LUCIA A SILVIANO: Machado de Assis em leitura psicossocial
Authors: Rissardo Agnes
Published: January 2023

Ao lançar, em 1936, Machado de Assis – estudo crítico e biográfico, Lucia Miguel Pereira se consagraria como biógrafa, crítica e historiadora da literatura brasileira. Considerada ainda hoje leitura de referência sobre Machado, a obra envereda por uma interpretação de cunho psicológico, social e cultural da vida e da obra do escritor. Tal viés crítico, que se apoia em referências biográficas e extraliterárias, viria a ser desprezado pelas principais leituras feitas sobre Machado a partir dos anos 1960 por uma crítica universitária imersa no Estruturalismo e interessada sobretudo no texto machadiano propriamente dito. Porém, passados 80 anos do lançamento do livro de Lucia, Silviano Santiago retomaria tanto o fio de interpretação psicossocial da autora quanto a leitura do “espectador de si mesmo”, de Augusto Meyer, no híbrido de romance e ensaio Machado (2016). Pretende-se investigar, dessa forma, a atualidade da biografia crítica de Lucia Miguel Pereira, bem como problematizar a pertinência do uso de dados biográficos na leitura dos textos machadianos na contemporaneidade.
Performances do tempo espiralar, de Leda Maria Martins
Authors: Soares Leonardo Francisco
Published: January 2023

Resenha
TORTURA E ELETRICIDADE NA DITADURA MILITAR: uma perspectiva ambiental
Authors: Saramago Victoria
Published: January 2023

Desde que a tortura passou a ser usada sistematicamente contra dissidentes políticos pela ditadura militar que governou o Brasil de 1964 a 1985, sua representação em filmes e obras literárias destacou uma das modalidades de tortura mais comuns no período: o eletrochoque. Defendo que, embora a tortura por eletrochoque consuma uma quantidade relativamente pequena de energia, seja a proveniente de aparelhos elétricos ou gerada manualmente por manivelas, a representação da eletricidade como algo necessariamente excessivo constitui uma das formas mais paradigmáticas pelas quais sua presença se torna simbolicamente visível na produção cultural do Antropoceno na segunda metade do século XX. Este capítulo lê cenas de tortura por eletrochoque como típicas da Grande Aceleração, que depende de um fornecimento constante de energia elétrica, a fim de investigar como as narrativas de tortura por eletrochoque possibilitam uma nova abordagem de tal corpus por uma perspectiva ambiental. Concentro-me em duas obras do final dos anos 1960 e início dos anos 1970 em que a tortura irrompe nas narrativas de forma abrupta: o romance As meninas (1973), de Lygia Fagundes Telles, e o filme Matou a família e foi ao cinema (1969), de Júlio Bressane.
Tracing ailment in social and care policies
Authors: Zechner Minna , Näre Lena , Karsio Olli , Olakivi Antero , Sointu Liina , Hoppania Hanna-Kaisa , Vaittinen Tiina
Published: January 2023

This chapter’s sections – ‘Sanctioning the ailing’, ‘Protecting the ailing workforce’, ‘Acknowledging ailment’ and ‘Failing the ailing’ – trace how ailment as a social force has historically manifested itself in social and care policies in western societies. In pre-modern Europe, workhouses and other disciplinary institutions were used to control and sanction ailing individuals. Later, social policies began to recognise the need to protect the ailing workforce to secure the demands of an industrialising world. After the Second World War, social and care policies began addressing ailment throughout the life course, and collective and public responses to the needs of ailing individuals expanded to several areas of life as part of the modern welfare state. The transformation of the welfare state and the austerity politics of recent decades have undermined the acknowledgement of ailment in social and care policies. Through this exploration, it is demonstrated how ailment creates various relations and responses and how these responses combine elements of care, control and profit making to different degrees, depending on the historical, political and social context.
Counter-narratives: dependency, culture, and the myth of worklessness
Authors: Gregory James
Published: January 2023

This chapter discusses the role of place and neighbourhood in discourses of social housing. A key theme is the assertion that concentrated social housing creates self-sustaining ‘cultures of worklessness’. This is first discussed in relation to the social scientific literature on neighbourhood effects, with the conclusion that the broader evidence base on neighbourhood effects is inconclusive. Further research on intergenerational worklessness is England is then reviewed. The evidence largely contradicts the assertion that there is persistent intergenerational worklessness. But the process of myth busting can also reinforce the politicised misrepresentation of empirical fact, giving it greater legitimacy through direct engagement. At other times problematic evidence is dismissed too quickly, on normative rather than empirical grounds. This tendency is prevalent in another social housing debate, discussed in the second half of the chapter. Discourses surrounding democratic participation in housing management are discussed, with a focus on the controversial transfer of some estates from councils to housing associations.
Mental health, happiness, and satisfaction with life
Authors: Gregory James
Published: January 2023

This chapter presents new modelling of data from the British Household Panel Survey and Understanding Society. The chapter starts with a review of the existing evidence base on the relationship between housing tenure, wellbeing and civic engagement. The dominant assumption in this literature is that home ownership has a positive ‘tenure’ effect on individuals. The key concept of ‘tenure’ is explored is analysed in greater and contrasted to ‘housing factors’. These include cost, quality and location and vary within as well as between tenures. Controlling for these factors, it is shown that there is no negative association between social housing and the three dimensions of wellbeing. Financial stability and the quality of neighbourhood are again shown to be more important than tenure for wellbeing. Further modelling with less stringent controls also shows that mortgaged owners fare worse than social tenants across all three dimensions of wellbeing.
The Failure of Child Support
Authors: Cook Kay
Published: January 2023

Drawing on interviews with informants from a diverse range of 16 countries, including the US, UK, Germany, Portugal, Norway, Peru, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia and Nigeria, this book examines how child support systems often fail to transfer payments from separated fathers to mothers and their children. It lays out how, irrespective of design, these systems are structured in ways that render them ineffective, while positioning women as responsible for their failures. Drawing on a diverse range of feminist and interpretive policy theorists, including Sara Ahmed, Carol Bacchi, Deb Stone, Tania Li, the book examines child support as a nonperformative policy that seeks to locate the responsibility for the system’s failure with individual women, rather than with the state. The book charts the demise of child support as a feminist intervention, resituating it as gendered governance practice that operates by making the system inaccessible, failing to deliver outcomes, and condoning fathers’ irresponsibility. It identifies how the gender order is entrenched through child support failure and offers possibilities for feminist reform.
Divergent views of success and failure
Authors: Cook Kay
Published: January 2023

This chapter takes up the conceptual framework set out in Chapter 3 to reflect on the identified points of failure and interrogate how states can concurrently claim the success of their child support systems. In doing so, the chapter engages with the politics of child support and the political purpose that it serves. The public nature of the framing, organisation and performance of child support is contrast with the private nature of family finances, relationships and power to reveal the implicit and taken-for-granted nature of gendered institutional and relational power dynamics. How social and administrative problems come to be framed as requiring reform are described, as is the gender of data available on child support problems. The chapter concludes with an analysis of the limited scope of child support reality that technical, administrative data can provided; particularly given the inaccessibility of the child support system for many women.
Social mobility
Authors: Wistow Jonathan
Published: January 2023

Social mobility is a big deal in debates about social policy. However, it is tied to notions of equality of opportunity and individual responsibility for upward mobility that tend to marginalise the significance of inequalities in condition and the lack of movement towards the top of society for social circulation. Despite growing concerns about the availability of opportunities for large sections of society, the political economy continues to respond to and foster individualism in society. The social mobility agenda, therefore, plays a role in delegitimising alternative (and more egalitarian) conceptions of the social contract. It is argued that the nature of social mobility (and a tendency towards a post-democratic social contract) in England is more significant for social policy design than social policy design is for social mobility policy.
Introduction: Living arrangements and care in India
Authors: Bailey Martin , Hyde K. S.
Published: January 2023

India has one of the most rapidly ageing populations on the planet. There is concern that this rate of population ageing, coupled with the decline of extended families, decreasing fertility rates, increasing life expectancy, widowhood, singlehood or strained intergenerational relationships, will have a negative impact on the availability of (family-based) care for older adults in India, resulting in poorer health and well-being. However, India is a complex and diverse country made up of different states, castes, cultures, and ethnic groups. Moreover, rates of population ageing are not uniform as Indian states are at diverse levels of demographic transition and vary to a great extent in their cultural practices, social norms and socio-political contexts. Indeed, while India’s older adult population has now risen to 8.57 per cent, in states such as Goa and Kerala the percentage of older adults is as high as 11.20 per cent and 12.55 per cent respectively. This introduction provides an overview of these issues by situating the subsequent chapters within the broad demographic trends already mentioned and gives an outline of the structure and chapters of the book. This chapter introduces the need for focus on living arrangements and care and highlight the social, economic and cultural contexts that shape the provision of care for older adults in India.
Care arrangements for older adults: exploring the intergenerational contract in emigrant households of Goa, India
Authors: Ugargol Ajay , Bailey Inge , Hutter K. S.
Published: January 2023

Insufficient social security systems make families primarily responsible for providing support to older adults in India. Increased mobility of adult children, fewer siblings and increased longevity of older adults are some of the demographic changes influencing care arrangements in Indian households. This chapter applies a qualitative research approach to examine the evolving nature of care frameworks for older adults in the Indian context. This is done through examining the changing household living arrangements and complexities that exist in identifying caregiving motives and primary caregivers to older adults, especially in an emigration context where older adults are left behind. This chapter serves to initiate dialogue on the negotiated intergenerational contract that seems to have evolved in the background of changing family situations and modernisation, however, serves to still make possible reciprocal support exchanges between older adults and their adult children. Findings from this study indicate that adult children from emigrant households are responsive to parental needs of support and find ways to effect supportive exchanges and care arrangements. The intergenerational care arrangements reflect the emigration event-led adaptation of family and household structure to retain traditional familial ties and enable mutually supportive exchanges between adult children and their parents.
Decision-making and choice or sine qua non ? Care home entry in Tamil Nadu
Authors: Burholt R. , Maruthakutti Carol A.
Published: January 2023

In the face of population ageing, governments and international non-governmental organisations (INGOs) are concerned about the ability of countries to provide social protection for ageing populations. In India, families are mandated to take care of their older members. The Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act (MSJE 2007), states that parents, grandparents and ‘childless’ older people who are unable to maintain themselves are entitled to demand and receive income, care and support from children, grandchildren and other relatives who have sufficient resources. Cases (where support is not forthcoming) can be taken to tribunal and can result in the issue of maintenance orders with penalties for non-compliance including fines and imprisonment. Thus, there is a reliance on informal social protection. However, changes in family structures, family values, migration of family members and a rise in the number of women working outside of the home can put increasing strain on families to provide support. Traditional forms of solidarity and collectivism are eroded by market economies: increasing monetisation impacts on forms of reciprocity, and requirement for a responsive mobile labour force impacts on availability. Thus, it is important to challenge the ‘realities’ of family support systems, which may not be as robust as portrayed by policy makers. However, little is known about the choices that are available to older people around care, support and/or housing in later and the decisions that are made based on these choices. Relocating to care homes may be for personal care, but also due to the failure of legal systems to protect individuals from harm and to avoid abuse or family conflict. This chapter draws on data from 30 in-depth interviews with older male and female residents in nine care homes in three districts of Tamil Nadu and addresses the following questions:
• What are the decision-making routes leading to entry into care homes?
• In which ways do families, communities, and legal systems (fail to) support older people prior to entry into a care home?
The chapter concludes by suggesting how stakeholders (NGOs, districts, the state and national government) can contribute to remodelling care provision, social work and legal systems to meet the needs of older adults in Tamil Nadu.
Professionalising work with the poor
Authors: Henrickson Mark
Published: January 2023

This chapter addresses the question of whether social work is a profession or something else. It establishes a conservative list of attributes of a profession that includes a clearly defined and altruistic purpose, transmissible theoretical knowledge, specialised skills or techniques, a common values base and ethical code, individual responsibility and autonomy in decision-making, self-governing association, and public and political recognition as a distinct professional group. Social work currently meets some of these criteria in some places in the world, but nowhere currently meets all of the criteria. Social work must consider to what extent it wishes to act in a social control function on behalf of the state. Social workers must decide whether establishing social work as a global profession is important. The chapter proposes four possible ways forward.
Creating a global future
Authors: Henrickson Mark
Published: January 2023

This chapter considers social work as a mature discipline. It does not prescribe a direction or specific pathway because that would reproduce the coloniality that this book has resisted. Social care and social work are positioned not only in social contexts but also historical contexts, and it is essential that students of social work understand its history. Fundamentals that must be addressed by social workers and their associations include decolonisation, deciding whether social stability and individual emancipation can co-exist as goals within social work and whether social work should or can evolve into a global profession. What lies ahead is the hard work of identifying, naming, and critiquing the implicit assumptions that shape the imaginary that social work has inherited from Christian-informed Western theologians, politicians, educators, innovators, and practitioners. In order to create a global future, international and regional organisations will need to enhance trust, create broad international and intersectional consensus, reconsider the definition of social work, and establish a framework to address the fundamental questions proposed earlier. Social work as a discipline is poised on the edge of being able to have such conversations in order to address life challenges and enhance wellbeing around the world.
4 Policy case studies: childcare leave measures and ECEC
Authors: Chau Ruby C. M. , Yu Sam W. K.
Published: January 2023

This chapter presents childcare leave measures and ECEC as two policy case studies to show how government strategies on productivism affect people’s life-mix patterns. It shows how policy measures in these two domains can recognise, redistribute, reduce and reward paid work or informal care among men and women, and redistribute caring and financial responsibilities between the family and the state. By analysing the policy measures in these two domains in seven East Asian and European countries and territories, it is argued that generous and well-coordinated provision in these two policy domains can significantly increase the opportunity for parents of young children to organise their working and caring lives according to their life-mix preferences; whereas limited and weakly coordinated policy measures under these two domains may generate negative welfare outcomes, including life-mix material gaps (falls in the standard of living), life-mix relational constraints (taking up a role in care and work involuntarily) and user deficits (paying a high opportunity cost in using the services).
9 New dimensions to contemporary welfare ideas
Authors: Chau Ruby C. M. , Yu Sam W. K.
Published: January 2023

This chapter demonstrates how nine contemporary welfare ideas (namely, social investment, inclusive growth, defamilisation/familisation, the capability approach, flexicurity, active ageing, degenderisation, social exclusion and social quality) can be used to uphold the welfare principle of protected autonomy in life-mix. It also discusses ways to translate the potential of these welfare ideas into practical solutions. The short-term suggestion focuses on encouraging governments to interpret welfare ideas based on both pro-care and pro-work productivism. The long-term suggestion is about uniting welfare ideas that favour pro-work and/or pro-care productivism to consolidate the welfare principle of protected autonomy in life-mix.
Arts-and music-based activities and nondeliberative participatory research methods: building connection and community
Authors: Kelly Brian L.
Published: January 2023

Arts exposure and engagement have been used throughout the history of the social work profession, particularly in community-oriented forms of social work and social group work. As one of the leading voices of the settlement house movement, Jane Addams, along with cofounder Ellen Gates Starr, championed the use of the arts at the Chicago-based settlement, Hull House (Glowacki, 2004). This practice lives on today as practitioners, researchers, and scholars argue for the inclusion of arts- and music-based activities in social work practice, education, and research (Huss & Sela-Amit, 2019; Nissen, 2019). While several expressive therapies have grown into substantial fields of practice with bodies of literature to support their efficacy and effectiveness (Malchiodi, 2013), including art, dance, music, and play therapies, these areas of practice tend to focus on micro-level interventions to address behavioural and medical health problems. There is a small but growing body of literature exploring the use of music-based activities to create opportunities for empowerment (Travis et al., 2019a, 2019b, 2020) and to engage participants’ talents, strengths, and interests (Kelly, 2017, Kelly). While these studies show that music-based activities have the power and potential to engage, harness, and foster participants’ strengths, less is known about how these types of activities might be used as nondeliberative participatory research methods to build connection and community, particularly within groups. This chapter will explore this idea, beginning with brief reviews of Norma Lang’s (2016) theory of nondeliberative practice and participatory research methods, followed by a case study of a research project I conducted that used audio documentary as a nondeliberative participatory research method.
Autoethnographic playwriting and performance for self-healing and advocacy
Authors: Pinto Rogério Meireles
Published: January 2023

This chapter focuses on how autoethnographic playwriting and performance can be used as research pursuits in social work. It lays out (1) a rationale for using playwriting and performance as a research method to engage in self-healing and to advance social change; (2) a case study including theoretical approach, research procedures, and dissemination; and (3) a discussion for future social work research and practice. Autoethnographic playwriting and performance provides a tool that researchers can use to explore the experiences of research participants.
Art as a way of improving participatory action research: an experience with youngsters with an intellectual disability and their families
Authors: Román Carlota García , Cisneros Linda Ducca , Casas David González , Astray Andrés Arias
Published: January 2023

This chapter describes the use of different artistic expression strategies in a participatory action research process. The protagonists of this project are young people with intellectual disabilities and their families in the context of a socio-occupational training programme at the university. The main objective of the research is to explore themes around the overprotection–autonomy continuum from the participants’ perspectives. A set of artistic techniques from different disciplines (visual art, performing art, and music) were used as a means to discuss and define the terms and their implications. Critically, this was in a participatory manner. At the beginning, the young people and their parents worked separately and independently following the same research steps and performing similar activities. The process and the methodology created opportunities to bridge the gap and increase mutual understanding that would not be possible through the daily interactions of normal life. Concrete examples are presented that highlight the benefits and difficulties of introducing activities not commonly found in a university environment. The analysis also includes a critical reflection about the possible use of art techniques in participatory action research projects with people with intellectual disabilities.
Crime and Investigative Reporting in the UK
Authors: Colbran Marianne
Published: January 2023

Drawing on over 60 interviews with crime journalists, senior officers in the Metropolitan Police Service (MPS) and journalists from the new investigative journalism non-profits, this is the first ethnographic study of crime news reporting in the UK for over 25 years. It explores the changes in crime reporting over the last 40 years, including the aftermath of the Leveson Report and the breakdown of relations between the police and the news media. It argues that new technologies are increasingly allowing the MPS to bypass traditional media organisations altogether, but also explores how the new start-ups are increasingly taking over traditional media’s Fourth Estate role and forging new collaborations with members of the public in reporting crime news – an area of research not previously tackled by media criminologists. Crucially, the book also explores how the non-profits are working to reverse representational harms – and the ‘othering’ of marginalised and stigmatised communities – through a focus on changed working practices and greater diversity.