bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Visualization balloon occlusion-assisted technique in the treatment of large or giant paraclinoid aneurysms: A study of 17 cases series
Authors: Zhang Tingbao , Cai Yuankun , Wang Lesheng , Yang Liu , Li Zhengwei , Wei Wei , Feng Yu , Xiong Zhongwei , Zou Yichun , Sun Weiyu , Zhao Wenyuan , Chen Jincao
Published: January 2023

Objective

Although balloon-assisted techniques are valuable in aneurysm clipping, repeated angiography and fluoroscopy are required to understand the location and shape of the balloon. This study investigated the value of visualization balloon occlusion-assisted techniques in aneurysm hybridization procedures.

Methods

We propose a visualization balloon technique that injects methylene blue into the balloon, allowing it to be well visualized under a microscope without repeated angiography. This study retrospects the medical records of 17 large or giant paraclinoid aneurysms treated by a visualization balloon occlusion-assisted technique in a hybrid operating room. Intraoperative surgical techniques, postoperative complications, and immediate and long-term angiographic findings are highlighted.

Results

All 17 patients had safe and successful aneurysm clipping surgery with complete angiographic occlusion. Under the microscope, the balloon injected with methylene blue is visible through the arterial wall. The position and shape of the balloon can be monitored in real time without repeated angiography and fluoroscopic guidance. Two cases of intraoperative visualization balloon shift and slip into the aneurysm cavity were detected in time, and there were no cases of balloon misclipping or difficult removal. Of 17 patients, four patients (23.5%) experienced short-term complications, including pulmonary infection (11.8%), abducens nerve paralysis (5.9%), and thalamus hemorrhage (5.9%). The rate of vision recovery among patients with previous visual deficits was 70% (7 of 10 patients). The mean follow-up duration was 32.76 months. No aneurysms or neurological deficits recurred among all patients who completed the follow-up.

Conclusion

Our study indicates that microsurgical clipping with the visualization balloon occlusion-assisted technique seems to be a safe and effective method for patients with large or giant paraclinoid aneurysms to reduce the surgical difficulty and simplify the operation process of microsurgical treatment alone.
Proceedings of the 10th annual deep brain stimulation think tank: Advances in cutting edge technologies, artificial intelligence, neuromodulation, neuroethics, interventional psychiatry, and women in neuromodulation
Authors: Wong Joshua K. , Mayberg Helen S. , Wang Doris D. , Richardson R. Mark , Halpern Casey H. , Krinke Lothar , Arlotti Mattia , Rossi Lorenzo , Priori Alberto , Marceglia Sara , Gilron Ro’ee , Cavanagh James F. , Judy Jack W. , Miocinovic Svjetlana , Devergnas Annaelle D. , Sillitoe Roy V. , Cernera Stephanie , Oehrn Carina R. , Gunduz Aysegul , Goodman Wayne K. , Petersen Erika A. , Bronte-Stewart Helen , Raike Robert S. , Malekmohammadi Mahsa , Greene David , Heiden Petra , Tan Huiling , Volkmann Jens , Voon Valerie , Li Luming , Sah Pankaj , Coyne Terry , Silburn Peter A. , Kubu Cynthia S. , Wexler Anna , Chandler Jennifer , Provenza Nicole R. , Heilbronner Sarah R. , Luciano Marta San , Rozell Christopher J. , Fox Michael D. , de Hemptinne Coralie , Henderson Jaimie M. , Sheth Sameer A. , Okun Michael S.
Published: January 2023

The deep brain stimulation (DBS) Think Tank X was held on August 17–19, 2022 in Orlando FL. The session organizers and moderators were all women with the theme women in neuromodulation. Dr. Helen Mayberg from Mt. Sinai, NY was the keynote speaker. She discussed milestones and her experiences in developing depression DBS. The DBS Think Tank was founded in 2012 and provides an open platform where clinicians, engineers and researchers (from industry and academia) can freely discuss current and emerging DBS technologies as well as the logistical and ethical issues facing the field. The consensus among the DBS Think Tank X speakers was that DBS has continued to expand in scope however several indications have reached the “trough of disillusionment.” DBS for depression was considered as “re-emerging” and approaching a slope of enlightenment. DBS for depression will soon re-enter clinical trials. The group estimated that globally more than 244,000 DBS devices have been implanted for neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. This year’s meeting was focused on advances in the following areas: neuromodulation in Europe, Asia, and Australia; cutting-edge technologies, closed loop DBS, DBS tele-health, neuroethics, lesion therapy, interventional psychiatry, and adaptive DBS.
A study based on functional near-infrared spectroscopy: Cortical responses to music interventions in patients with myofascial pain syndrome
Authors: Zhang Jiayue , Shi Ping , Du Jiahao , Yu Hongliu
Published: January 2023

Object

This study measured cerebral blood oxygen changes in patients with myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). The aim was to investigate the effect of music intervention on pain relief in MPS patients.

Materials and methods

A total of 15 patients with MPS participated in this study. A self-controlled block task design was used to collect the oxy-hemoglobin ([HbO2]) and deoxy-hemoglobin ([HbR]) concentrations in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and motor cortex using fNIRS. The cerebral cortex response and channel connectivity were further analyzed. In the experiment, the therapist was asked to apply compression of 3–4 kg/cm2vertically using the thumb to induce pain. Soothing synthetic music with frequencies of 8–150 Hz and 50–70 dB was used as the audio for the music intervention.

Result

Compared to the group without music intervention, the activation of brain regions showed a decreasing trend in the group with music intervention under the onset of pain. The results of pairedt-tests showed that nine of the data were significantly different (p< 0.05). It was also found that with music intervention, inter-channel connectivity was diminished. Besides, their dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) was significantly correlated with the anterior prefrontal cortex (aPFC) for pain response (r = 0.82), and weakly correlated with the premotor cortex (r = 0.40).

Conclusion

This study combines objective assessment indicators and subjective scale assessments to demonstrate that appropriate music interventions can be effective in helping to relieve pain to some extent. The analgesic mechanisms between relevant brain regions under music intervention were explored in depth. New insights into effective analgesic methods and quantitative assessment of pain conditions are presented.
Neuroplasticity to autophagy cross-talk in a therapeutic effect of physical exercises and irisin in ADHD
Authors: Abdulghani Alhasan , Poghosyan Mikayel , Mehren Aylin , Philipsen Alexandra , Anderzhanova Elmira
Published: January 2023

Graphical abstract

Physical activity results in irisin release. Irisin facilitates autophagy in the brain acting via glia activation. Autophagy activation favors maturation of BDNF and neuroplasticity.
Machine learning in computational NMR-aided structural elucidation
Authors: Cortés Iván , Cuadrado Cristina , Hernández Daranas Antonio , Sarotti Ariel M.
Published: January 2023

Structure elucidation is a stage of paramount importance in the discovery of novel compounds because molecular structure determines their physical, chemical and biological properties. Computational prediction of spectroscopic data, mainly NMR, has become a widely used tool to help in such tasks due to its increasing easiness and reliability. However, despite the continuous increment in CPU calculation power, classical quantum mechanics simulations still require a lot of effort. Accordingly, simulations of large or conformationally complex molecules are impractical. In this context, a growing number of research groups have explored the capabilities of machine learning (ML) algorithms in computational NMR prediction. In parallel, important advances have been made in the development of machine learning-inspired methods to correlate the experimental and calculated NMR data to facilitate the structural elucidation process. Here, we have selected some essential papers to review this research area and propose conclusions and future perspectives for the field.
Oxygen diffusion in the fluorite-type oxides CeO2, ThO2, UO2, PuO2, and (U, Pu)O2
Authors: Kato Masato , Watanabe Masashi , Hirooka Shun , Vauchy Romain
Published: January 2023

This study evaluates the self-diffusion and chemical diffusion coefficients of oxygen in the fluorite-type oxides CeO2, ThO2, UO2, PuO2, and (U, Pu)O2 using point defect chemistry (oxygen vacancies and interstitials). The self-diffusion coefficient changed in proportion to the 1/n power of oxygen partial pressure, similar to the defect concentration. All parameters used to represent the diffusion coefficients were determined, and the experimental data were accurately stated. The defect formation and migration energies of the oxides were compared, and the change in Frenkel defect concentration was found to affect the high-temperature heat capacities of CeO2 and ThO2. The oxygen chemical diffusion was evaluated in the oxides, excluding the line compound ThO2, and the coefficients increased dramatically around the stoichiometric composition, i.e., the chemical diffusion coefficient was much higher at stoichiometric composition, with the oxygen-to-metal ratio equal to 2.00, than in low oxygen-to-metal oxides. This difference altered the mechanism of the reduction and oxidation processes. In the reduction process, the chemical diffusion control rate was dominant and a new phase with the oxygen-to-metal ratio equal to 2.00 was formed, which then expanded from the surface in the oxidation process from a low oxygen-to-metal ratio to the stoichiometric composition.
Caulobacter and Novosphingobium in tumor tissues are associated with colorectal cancer outcomes
Authors: Zhou Bin , Shi Linli , Jin Min , Cheng Mingxia , Yu Dandan , Zhao Lei , Zhang Jieying , Chang Yu , Zhang Tao , Liu Hongli
Published: January 2023

Diversity and composition of the gut microbiome are associated with cancer patient outcomes including colorectal cancer (CRC). A growing number of evidence indicates that Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) in CRC tissue is associated with worse survival. However, few studies have further analyzed the differences in bacteria in tumor tissues of different patients depending on the survival time of CRC patients. Therefore, there is a need to further explore the bacterial differences in tumor tissues of patients with different prognoses and to identify key bacteria for analysis. Here, we sought to compare the differences in tumor microbiome between patients with long-term survival (LS) longer than 3 years or 4 and 5 years and patients with short-term survival (SS) in the present study cohort. We found that there were significant differences in tumor microbiome between the LS and SS and two bacteria—Caulobacter and Novosphingobium—that are present in all of the three groups. Furthermore, by analyzing bacteria in different clinical features, we also found that lower levels of microbiome (Caulobacter and Novosphingobium) have long-term survival and modulating microbiome in tumor tissue may provide an alternative way to predict the prognosis of CRC patients.
Decision-making factors for an autologous stem cell transplant for older adults with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: A qualitative analysis
Authors: Mian Owais , Puts Martine , McCurdy Arleigh , Wildes Tanya M. , Fiala Mark A. , Kang Matthew , Salib Mary , Alibhai Shabbir , Mian Hira
Published: January 2023

Purpose

A utologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) remains a standard of care among older adults (aged ≥65) with multiple myeloma (MM). However, heterogeneity in the eligibility and utilization of ASCT remains. We identified decision-making factors that influence ASCT eligibility and utilization among older adults with MM.

Methods

A qualitative study across two academic and two community centres in Ontario was conducted between July 2019-July 2020. Older adults with MM (newly diagnosed MM aged 65-75 in whom a decision had been made about ASCT in <12 months) and treating oncologists completed a baseline survey and a subsequent interview, which was analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results

Eighteen patients completed the survey and 9 follow-up interviews were conducted. Patients were happy with their treatment decision with “trust in their oncologist” and “wanting the best treatment” as the most important to proceed with ASCT. “Afraid of side effects” was the most common reason for declining ASCT. Fifteen oncologists completed the survey and 10 follow-up interviews were conducted. Most relied on the ‘eye-ball’ test for ASCT eligibility over geriatric screening tools. The lack of both high-quality evidence and local guidelines impacted decision-making. Both oncologists and patients felt that chronological age alone should not affect ASCT eligibility.

Conclusion

While decision-making factors regarding ASCT can be variable, both oncologists and patients indicated that chronological age alone should not represent a barrier for ASCT among older adults. Future simplification and incorporation of ASCT eligibility geriatric assessment tools in studies as well as the inclusion of these tools in local guidelines may further improve ASCT decision-making.
Identify optimal HAP series scores for unresectable HCC patients undergoing TACE plus sorafenib: A Chinese multicenter observational study
Authors: Zhu Yejing , Wang Enxin , Zhao Shoujie , Han Dandan , Zhao Yan , Chen Hui , Zhu Jun , Han Tenghui , Bai Yang , Lou Yanju , Zhang Yongchao , Yang Man , Zuo Luo , Fan Jiahao , Chen Xing , Jia Jia , Wu Wenbin , Ren Weirong , Bai Tingting , Ma Shouzheng , Xu Fenghua , Tang Yuxin , Han Ying , Zhao Junlong , Qi Xingshun , Li Jing , Du Xilin , Chen Dongfeng , Liu Lei
Published: January 2023

Background

Hepatoma arterial-embolization prognostic (HAP) series scores have been proposed for prognostic prediction in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC) undergoing transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). However, their prognostic value in TACE plus sorafenib (TACE-S) remains unknown. Here, we aim to evaluate their prognostic performance in such conditions and identify the best model for this combination therapy.

Methods

Between January 2012 and December 2018, consecutive patients with uHCC receiving TACE-S were recruited from 15 tertiary hospitals in China. Cox regression analyses were used to investigate the prognostic values of baseline factors and every scoring system. Their prognostic performance and discriminatory performance were evaluated and confirmed in subgroup analyses.

Results

A total of 404 patients were enrolled. In the whole cohort, the median follow-up period was 44.2 (interquartile range (IQR), 33.2–60.7) months, the median overall survival (OS) time was 13.2 months, and 336 (83.2%) patients died at the end of the follow-up period. According to multivariate analyses, HAP series scores were independent prognostic indicators of OS. In addition, the C-index, Akaike information criterion (AIC) values, and time-dependent area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) indicated that modified HAP (mHAP)-III had the best predictive performance. Furthermore, the results remained consistent in most subsets of patients.

Conclusion

HAP series scores exhibited good predictive ability in uHCC patients accepting TACE-S, and the mHAP-III score was found to be superior to the other HAP series scores in predicting OS. Future prospective high-quality studies should be conducted to confirm our results and help with treatment decision-making.
Case report: Cryoablation as a novel bridging strategy prior to CAR-T cell therapy for B cell malignancies with bulky disease
Authors: Zhang Xiaomin , Wu Jinming , Qiao Liangliang , Chen Lixuan , Chen Chaolin , Zhang Hui , Luo Rongcheng , Xiao Yang
Published: January 2023

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has emerged as a powerful immunotherapy in relapsed/refractory (R/R) hematological malignancies, especially in R/R B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (B-ALL), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), and multiple myeloma (MM). To prevent disease progression and reduce tumor burden during CAR-T cell manufacturing, bridging therapies prior to CAR-T cell infusion are crucial. At present, it has been demonstrated that targeted therapy, radiotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) could serve as effective bridging strategies. However, whether cryoablation could serve as a novel bridging strategy is unknown. In this paper, we report 2 cases of R/R B cell malignancies with bulky disease that were successfully treated with a combination of cryoablation and CAR-T cell therapy. Patient 1 was a 65-year-old female who was diagnosed with R/R MM with extramedullary disease (EMD). She was enrolled in the anti-BCMA CAR-T cell clinical trial. Patient 2 was a 70-year-old man who presented with a subcutaneous mass in the right anterior thigh and was diagnosed with primary cutaneous diffuse large B cell lymphoma, leg type (PCLBCL-LT) 1 year ago. He failed multiline chemotherapies as well as radiotherapy. Thus, he requested anti-CD19 CAR-T cell therapy. Unfortunately, they all experienced local progression during CAR-T cell manufacturing. To rapidly achieve local tumor control and reduce tumor burden, they both received cryoablation as a bridging therapy. Patient 1 achieved a very good partial response (VGPR) 1 month after CAR-T cell infusion, and patient 2 achieved a partial response (PR) 1 month after CAR-T cell infusion. In addition, adverse effects were tolerable and manageable. Our study demonstrated the favorable safety and efficacy of combination therapy with cryoablation and CAR-T cell therapy for the first time, and it also indicates that cryoablation could serve as a novel therapeutic strategy for local tumor control in B cell malignancies.
Minimally invasive versus open McKeown esophagectomy for patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after neoadjuvant PD-1 inhibitor plus chemotherapy
Authors: Chen Qiuming , Mo Shaocong , Aizemaiti Rusidanmu , Cheng Jun , Wu Ziheng , Ye Peng
Published: January 2023

Introduction

The purpose of this study was to compare short and mid-term outcomes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients undergoing open or minimally invasive McKeown esophagectomy (MIE) after neoadjuvant PD-1 inhibitor plus chemotherapy.

Methods

Patients with locally advanced ESCC underwent open or minimally invasive McKeown esophagectomy after neoadjuvant PD-1 inhibitor plus chemotherapy were retrospectively included from June 2019 to June 2021. The baseline characteristics, pathological data, short-and mid-term outcomes were collected and compared based on the surgical approach.

Results

A total of 35 patients were included in the study. An open procedure was performed for 13 patients (37.1%), and 22 (62.9%) patients underwent MIE after neoadjuvant therapy. Compared with open group, MIE group had shorter operative times (350.8± 117.8 vs. 277.9 ± 30.2 min, P = 0.009). The total number of resected lymph nodes was not significantly different, but more left recurrent laryngeal lymph nodes were harvested from the Open group (2.6 ± 3.2 vs. 0.9 ± 1.7, P = 0.047). The median follow-up time was 1.42 years (range, 0.35–2.59 years) from the first day of treatment. Three patients (8.6%) died during follow-up, one in the open surgery group and two in the MIE group. There were six (17.1%) patients developed recurrence, three in each group. The 2-year cumulative survival rates were 92.3 ± 7.4% and 89.5 ± 7.1% for the open and MIE groups, respectively. Overall survival was not different between the two surgical approaches.

Conclusions

MIE might be safe and feasible for patients with locally advanced ESCC undergoing neoadjuvant PD-1 inhibitor plus chemotherapy.
Ovarian Real-World International Consortium (ORWIC): A multicentre, real-world analysis of epithelial ovarian cancer treatment and outcomes
Authors: Cheeseman Sue , Levick Bethany , Sopwith Will , Fenton Hayley , Nam Eun Ji , Kim DongKyu , Lim Subin , Martin Elodie , Frenel Jean-Sébastien , Bocquet François , Kubelac Paul , Achimas-Cadariu Patriciu , Vlad Catalin , Chevrier Marion , Rouzier Roman , Carton Matthieu , Savva-Bordalo Joana , Magalhães Marta , Borges Marina , Wolf Andrea , Becker Sven , Niklas Nicolas , Guergova-Kuras Mariana , Hall Geoff
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Much drug development and published analysis for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) focuses on early-line treatment. Full sequences of treatment from diagnosis to death and the impact of later lines of therapy are rarely studied. We describe the establishment of an international network of cancer centers configured to compare real-world treatment pathways in UK, Portugal, Germany, South Korea, France and Romania (the Ovarian Real-World International Consortium; ORWIC).

Methods

3344 patients diagnosed with EOC (2012-2018) were analysed using a common data model and hub and spoke programming approach applied to existing electronic medical records. Consistent definition of line of therapy between sites and an efficient approach to analysis within the limitations of local information governance was achieved.

Results

Median age of participants was 53-67 years old and 5-29% were ECOG >1. Between 62% and 84% of patients were diagnosed with late-stage disease (FIGO III-IV). Sites treating younger and fitter patients had higher rates of debulking surgery for those diagnosed at late stage than sites with older, more frail patients. At least 21% of patients treated with systemic anti-cancer therapy (SACT) had recurrent disease following second-line therapy (2L); up to 11 lines of SACT treatment were recorded for some patients. Platinum-based SACT was consistently used across sites at 1L, but choices at 2L varied, with hormone therapies commonly used in the UK and Portugal. The use (and type) of maintenance therapy following 1L also varied. Beyond 2L, there was little consensus between sites on treatment choice: trial compounds and unspecified combinations of other agents were common.

Discussion

Specific treatment sequences are reported up to 4L and the establishment of this network facilitates future analysis of comparative outcomes per line of treatment with the aim of optimizing available options for patients with recurrent EOC. In particular, this real-world network can be used to assess the growing use of PARP inhibitors. The real-world optimization of advanced line treatment will be especially important for patients not usually eligible for involvement with clinical trials. The resources to enable this analysis to be implemented elsewhere are supplied and the network will seek to grow in coverage of further sites.
Case report: Pathological complete response to perioperative treatment of radiotherapy combined with angiogenesis inhibitor in a patient with pleomorphic liposarcoma
Authors: Zhang Chenlu , Liu Wenshuai , Wang Binliang , Zhu Na , Guo Xi , Wang Zhiming , Zhuang Rongyuan , You Yang , Zhang Yong , Tong Hanxing , Lu Weiqi , Zhou Yuhong
Published: January 2023

Background

Liposarcomas (LPS) are mesenchymal malignancies with four principal subtypes presenting distinct molecular and clinical features. Pleomorphic liposarcoma (PLPS) is one of the rarest and most aggressive subtypes of LPS. Surgical resection is currently a preferred curative approach for localized PLPS. However, the prognosis of unresectable PLPS is extremely poor, and there is no standard treatment.

Case presentation

A 59-year-old Chinese woman was diagnosed with unresectable PLPS. The case was discussed and managed by specialists from a multidisciplinary team at Fudan Zhongshan Hospital. Preoperative radiotherapy (RT) of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) at 50 Gy/25 Fx concurrently with the angiogenesis inhibitor anlotinib (8 mg, days 1–14, every 3 weeks) was prescribed to the patient. The dosage of anlotinib was increased to 10 mg after RT. After 6 months of treatment, the tumor had significantly shrunk and was successfully resected. Examination of the surgical specimens showed a pathological complete response (pCR). Until the latest follow-up (April 2022), no recurrence was observed, and disease-free survival has exceeded 14 months.

Conclusion

This case sheds light on the probability that perioperative RT combined with an angiogenesis inhibitor can be effectively used in PLPS, which is resistant to chemotherapy and usually considered to have a poor prognosis. Further studies with randomized controlled clinical trials will improve our knowledge of this preoperative treatment strategy.
Dopamine-induced arrestin recruitment and desensitization of the dopamine D4 receptor is regulated by G protein-coupled receptor kinase-2
Authors: Burström Viktor , Ågren Richard , Betari Nibal , Valle-León Marta , Garro-Martínez Emilio , Ciruela Francisco , Sahlholm Kristoffer
Published: January 2023

The dopamine D4 receptor (D4R) is expressed in the retina, prefrontal cortex, and autonomic nervous system and has been implicated in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), substance use disorders, and erectile dysfunction. D4R has also been investigated as a target for antipsychotics due to its high affinity for clozapine. As opposed to the closely related dopamine D2 receptor (D2R), dopamine-induced arrestin recruitment and desensitization at the D4R have not been studied in detail. Indeed, some earlier investigations could not detect arrestin recruitment and desensitization of this receptor upon its activation by agonist. Here, we used a novel nanoluciferase complementation assay to study dopamine-induced recruitment of β-arrestin2 (βarr2; also known as arrestin3) and G protein-coupled receptor kinase-2 (GRK2) to the D4R in HEK293T cells. We also studied desensitization of D4R-evoked G protein-coupled inward rectifier potassium (GIRK; also known as Kir3) current responses in Xenopus oocytes. Furthermore, the effect of coexpression of GRK2 on βarr2 recruitment and GIRK response desensitization was examined. The results suggest that coexpression of GRK2 enhanced the potency of dopamine to induce βarr2 recruitment to the D4R and accelerated the rate of desensitization of D4R-evoked GIRK responses. The present study reveals new details about the regulation of arrestin recruitment to the D4R and thus increases our understanding of the signaling and desensitization of this receptor.
Comparative study of surface integral methods in aeroacoustic prediction
Authors: Xu Chen , Wang Shihao , Yang Dangguo , Zhang Rongping , Jiang Shujie , Mao Yijun
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Surface integral methods based on the acoustic analogy and Kirchhoff formulation are widely employed in computational aeroacoustics. The computational accuracy is usually highly dependent on the selections of the acoustic prediction method and of the integral surfaces.

Methods: This paper analyzes the pros and cons of each aeroacoustic prediction method and studies numerically sound generated from flow past a circular cylinder by employing different surface integral methods. The acoustic analogy based on the impermeable solid surfaces either ignores the quadrupole contribution or needs high computational cost to calculate the quadrupole contribution, and the acoustic analogy based on the permeable integral surfaces usually suffers from the spurious source issue.

Results: Both the pressure-based or density-based Kirchhoff formulations can be used in aeroacoustic prediction, however, the numerical results indicate that the pressure-based Kirchhoff formulation also suffers from the issue of the spurious sound because the pressure fluctuations at the permeable integral surfaces are contaminated by hydrodynamic component.

Discussion: It seems that only the density-based Kirchhoff formulation does not suffer from the issue of the spurious sound, but this formulation requires the acoustic sources should be extracted from compressible flow simulations.
Effects of different simulated submarine escape depths by free ascent in animal models
Authors: Bao Xiao Chen , Wang Nan , Xu Ji , Ma Jun , Fang Yi-Qun
Published: January 2023

Objective: If a damaged submarine cannot be rescued in time, it is necessary to carry out a submarine escape by free ascent. Decompression illness is the greatest threat to the safety of submariners. The maximum depth at which a safe escape can be carried out is unknown. This study intends to explore the maximum safe escape depth by observing the effects of simulated submarine escape at different depths on animal models.

Methods: We evaluated pulmonary function indexes, blood gas values, blood cell counts, the myocardial enzyme spectrum, coagulation parameters, and proinflammatory cytokine levels in rats, electrocardiographic activity in rabbits after simulated 150-m, 200-m, 220-m, and 250-m submarine escape by free ascent.

Results: An escape depth of 150 m did not cause significant changes in the indicators. An escape depth of >200 m led to pulmonary ventilation and gas diffusion dysfunction, hypoxemia, myocardial ischemia, and activation of the fibrinolytic and inflammatory systems. The magnitudes of the changes in the indicators were proportional to escape depth.

Conclusion: An escape depth of 150 m in animal models is safe, whereas escape at > 200 m can be harmful.
Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identifies genes related to HG Type 0 resistance and verification of hub gene GmHg1
Authors: Jiang Haipeng , Zhou Changjun , Ma Jinglin , Qu Shuo , Liu Fang , Sun Haowen , Zhao Xue , Han Yingpeng
Published: January 2023

Introduction

The soybean cyst nematode (SCN) is a major disease in soybean production thatseriously affects soybean yield. At present, there are no studies on weighted geneco-expression network analysis (WGCNA) related to SCN resistance.

Methods

Here, transcriptome data from 36 soybean roots under SCN HG Type 0 (race 3) stresswere used in WGCNA to identify significant modules.

Results and Discussion

A total of 10,000 differentially expressed genes and 21 modules were identified, of which the module most related to SCN was turquoise. In addition, the hub gene GmHg1 with high connectivity was selected, and its function was verified. GmHg1 encodes serine/threonine protein kinase (PK), and the expression of GmHg1 in SCN-resistant cultivars (‘Dongnong L-204’) and SCN-susceptible cultivars (‘Heinong 37’) increased significantly after HG Type 0 stress. Soybean plants transformed with GmHg1-OX had significantly increased SCN resistance. In contrast, the GmHg1-RNAi transgenic soybean plants significantly reduced SCN resistance. In transgenic materials, the expression patterns of 11 genes with the same expression trend as the GmHg1 gene in the ‘turquoise module’ were analyzed. Analysis showed that 11genes were co-expressed with GmHg1, which may be involved in the process of soybean resistance to SCN. Our work provides a new direction for studying the Molecular mechanism of soybean resistance to SCN.
Roles of type II H+-PPases and PPsPase1/PECP2 in early developmental stages and PPi homeostasis of Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Tojo Hiroshi , Tabeta Hiromitsu , Gunji Shizuka , Hirai Masami Y. , David Pascale , Javot Hélène , Ferjani Ali
Published: January 2023

The regulation of intracellular pyrophosphate (PPi) level is crucial for proper morphogenesis across all taxonomic kingdoms. PPi is released as a byproduct from ~200 metabolic reactions, then hydrolyzed by either membrane-bound (H+-PPase) or soluble pyrophosphatases (PPases). In Arabidopsis, the loss of the vacuolar H+-PPase/FUGU5, a key enzyme in PPi homeostasis, results in delayed growth and a number of developmental defects, pointing to the importance of PPi homeostasis in plant morphogenesis. The Arabidopsis genome encodes several PPases in addition to FUGU5, such as PPsPase1/PECP2, VHP2;1 and VHP2;2, although their significance regarding PPi homeostasis remains elusive. Here, to assess their contribution, phenotypic analyses of cotyledon aspect ratio, palisade tissue cellular phenotypes, adaxial side pavement cell complexity, stomatal distribution, and etiolated seedling length were performed, provided that they were altered due to excess PPi in a fugu5 mutant background. Overall, our analyses revealed that the above five traits were unaffected in ppspase1/pecp2, vhp2;1 and vhp2;2 loss-of-function mutants, as well as in fugu5 mutant lines constitutively overexpressing PPsPase1/PECP2. Furthermore, metabolomics revealed that ppspase1/pecp2, vhp2;1 and vhp2;2 etiolated seedlings exhibited metabolic profiles comparable to the wild type. Together, these results indicate that the contribution of PPsPase1/PECP2, VHP2;1 and VHP2;2 to PPi levels is negligible in comparison to FUGU5 in the early stages of seedling development.
Spatiotemporal dynamics of net primary productivity and its influencing factors in the middle reaches of the Yellow River from 2000 to 2020
Authors: Xuan Wenxi , Rao Liangyi
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Net primary productivity (NPP) is an important indicator used to characterize the productivity of terrestrial ecosystems. The spatial distribution and dynamic change in NPP are closely related to regional climate, vegetation growth and human activities. Studying the spatiotemporal dynamics of NPP and its influencing factors plays a vital role in understanding ecosystem carbon sink capacity.

Methods

Based on MODIS-NPP data, meteorological data, and land use data from 2000 to 2020, we analyzed the spatiotemporal variation characteristics and influencing factors of NPP in the middle reaches of the Yellow River (MRYR) by using unary linear regression analysis, third-order partial correlation analysis, and Sen+Mann-Kendall trend analysis.

Results

The results showed that the annual average NPP of the MRYR was 319.24 gCm-2a-1 with a spatially decreasing trend from the southern part to the northern part. From 2000 to 2020, the annual average NPP experienced a fluctuating upward trend at a rate of 2.83 gCm-2a-1, and the area with a significant upward trend accounted for 87.68%. The NPP of different land use types differed greatly, in which forest had the greatest increase in NPP. Temperature had a negative correlation with NPP in most parts of the MRYR. Water vapor pressure promoted the accumulation of NPP in the northwestern MRYR. The areas with a positive correlation between NPP and water vapor pressure accounted for 87.6%, and 20.43% of the MRYR area passed the significance test of P< 0.05.

Conclusion

The results of the study highlight the impact of climate factors and land-use changes on NPP and provide theoretical guidance for high-quality sustainable development in the MRYR.
Vineyard light manipulation and silicon enhance ethylene-induced anthocyanin accumulation in red table grapes
Authors: Afifi Maha , Rezk Alaaeldin , Obenland David , El-kereamy Ashraf
Published: January 2023

Red color resulted from anthocyanin pigment, is an essential trait for premium table grape production. Anthocyanin biosynthesis occurs through the flavonoid pathway which includes several enzymatic reactions coded by different genes. The expression of these genes is regulated by different cultural practices, cultivars, environmental conditions, and plant hormones. Recently, we reported that the anthocyanin pathway is regulated by several factors such as light and antioxidant activity. Despite the advances in cultural practices, it is still challenging to produce table grapes with high coloration, especially under the current and expected global climate change in warmer areas such as California. In the current study, we deployed two approaches to improve the accumulation of red pigment in table grapes. The first approach involves improving the expression of critical genes involved in the anthocyanin pathway through hormonal treatments and light manipulation using a reflective ground cover (RGC). The second approach was to reduce the negative effect of heat stress through stimulation of the antioxidant pathway to help remove free radicals. Treatments included ethephon (ET) at 600 mg/L, silicon (Si) at 175 mg/L, and a commercial light-reflective white ground cover (RGC) alone and in various combinations. Treatments were conducted either with or without a combination of cluster-zone leaf removal at veraison (LR) on Flame seedless (Vitis vinifera L.). Data collected in 2019 and 2020 showed that the best treatment to improve berry coloration was using ET in combination with Si and RGC, applied at veraison. Adding the LR to this combination did not improve berry color any further, but rather caused a reduction in color development. RGC without conducting LR at veraison significantly increased the quantity of reflected blue and red lights as well as the red (R) to far-red (FR) ratio (R: FR) around clusters. Results were in accordance with the increase in gene expression of flavonoid-3-O-glucosyltransferase (UFGT), a key gene in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway, as well as Peroxidase dismutase (POD). Manipulating the light spectrum and application of silicon in combination with the ethephon treatment could be used in table grape vineyards to improve the ethylene-induced anthocyanin accumulation and coloration.
Hexokinase1: A glucose sensor involved in drought stress response and sugar metabolism depending on its kinase activity in strawberry
Authors: Wu Runqin , Lin Ximeng , He Jinwei , Min Ailing , Pang Li , Wang Yan , Lin Yuanxiu , Zhang Yunting , He Wen , Li Mengyao , Zhang Yong , Luo Ya , Wang Xiaorong , Tang Haoru , Chen Qing
Published: January 2023

Hexokinase1 (HXK1) is a bifunctional enzyme that plays indispensable roles in plant growth, nitrogen utilization, and stress resistance. However, information on the HXK family members of strawberries and their functions in glucose sensing and metabolic regulation is scarce. In the present study, four HXKs were firstly identified in the genome of Fragaria vesca and F. pentaphylla. The conserved domains of the HXK1s were confirmed, and a site-directed mutation (S177A) was introduced into the FpHXK1. FpHXK1, which shares the highest identity with the AtHXK1 was able to restore the glucose sensitivity and developmental defects of the Arabidopsis gin2-1 mutant, but not its kinase-activity-impaired mutant (FpHXK1S177A). The transcription of FpHXK1 was dramatically up-regulated under PEG-simulated drought stress conditions. The inhibition of the HXK kinase activity delayed the strawberry plant’s responses to drought stress. Transient overexpression of the FpHXK1 and its kinase-impaired mutant differentially affected the level of glucose, sucrose, anthocyanins, and total phenols in strawberry fruits. All these results indicated that the FpHXK1, acting as a glucose sensor, was involved in drought stress response and sugar metabolism depending on its kinase activity.
An overview of ethylene insensitive tomato mutants: Advantages and disadvantages for postharvest fruit shelf-life and future perspective
Authors: Mubarok Syariful , Qonit Muhammad Abdilah Hasan , Rahmat Bayu Pradana Nur , Budiarto Rahmat , Suminar Erni , Nuraini Anne
Published: January 2023

The presence of ethylene during postharvest handling of tomatoes can be the main problem in maintaining fruit shelf-life by accelerating the ripening process and causing several quality changes in fruit. Several researchers have studied the methods for improving the postharvest life of tomato fruit by controlling ethylene response, such as by mutation. New ethylene receptor mutants have been identified, namely Sletr1-1, Sletr1-2, Nr (Never ripe), Sletr4-1, and Sletr5-1. This review identifies the favorable and undesirable effects of several ethylene receptor mutants. Also, the impact of those mutations on the metabolite alteration of tomatoes and the future perspectives of those ethylene receptor mutants. The review data is taken from the primary data of our experiment related to ethylene receptor mutants and the secondary data from numerous publications in Google Scholar and other sources pertaining to ethylene physiology. This review concluded that mutation in the SlETR1 gene was more effective than mutation in NR, SLETR4, and SLETR5 genes in generating a new ethylene mutant. Sletr1-2 mutant is a potential ethylene receptor mutant for developing new tomato cultivars with prolonged fruit-shelf life without any undesirable effect. Therefore, that has many challenges to using the Sletr1-2 mutant for future purposes in breeding programs.
Molecular responses to salinity stress in Salix matsudana (Koidz) females and males
Authors: Liu Guoyuan , Wang Yuqing , Lian Bolin , Ma Ziqi , Xiang Xiaoting , Wu Jing , Luo Chunying , Ma Duojin , Chen Yanhong , Yu Chunmei , Zhong Fei , Wei Hui , Zhang Jian
Published: January 2023

Sexual dimorphism has commonly been found in many species. The phenotypes of Salix matsudana females and males are different under salinity stress. An F1 population was selected to compare the differences between males and females. As a result, males showed stronger roots and heavier dry weights than females. The unique molecular mechanisms of males and females under salinity stress were further analyzed based on the root transcriptome of males and females. Both males and females up-regulated systemic acquired resistance genes, such as ADH and oxygenase-related genes, to resist salt. Moreover, many other abiotic stress response genes were up-regulated in males to adjust to salinity stress, while females showed more down-regulation of nitrogen metabolism-related genes to decrease the harm from salinity stress. The research on salinity tolerance in Salix matsudana males and females would help to further understand sexual dimorphism under selection pressure and provide benefits to the ecological environment.
Chromosomal-level genome assembly of Melastoma candidum provides insights into trichome evolution
Authors: Zhong Yan , Wu Wei , Sun Chenyu , Zou Peishan , Liu Ying , Dai Seping , Zhou Renchao
Published: January 2023

Melastoma, consisting of ~100 species diversified in tropical Asia and Oceania in the past 1-2 million years, represents an excellent example of rapid speciation in flowering plants. Trichomes on hypanthia, twigs and leaves vary markedly among species of this genus and are the most important diagnostic traits for species identification. These traits also play critical roles in contributing to differential adaptation of these species to their own habitats. Here we sequenced the genome ofM. candidum, a common, erect-growing species from southern China, with the aim to provide genomic insights into trichome evolution in this genus. We generated a high-quality, chromosome-level genome assembly ofM. candidum, with the genome size of 256.2 Mb and protein-coding gene number of 40,938. The gene families specific to, and significantly expanded inMelastomaare enriched for GO terms related to trichome initiation and differentiation. We provide evidence thatMelastomaand its sister genusOsbeckiahave undergone two whole genome duplications (WGDs) after the triplication event (γ) shared by all core eudicots. Preferential retention of trichome development-related transcription factor genes such as C2H2, bHLH, HD-ZIP, WRKY, and MYB after both WGDs might provide raw materials for trichome evolution and thus contribute to rapid species diversification inMelastoma. Our study provides candidate transcription factor genes related to trichome evolution inMelastoma, which can be used to evolutionary and functional studies of trichome diversification among species of this genus.
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder and Risk-Need-Responsivity Model: A guide for criminal justice and forensic mental health professionals
Authors: Brown Jerrod , Arvidson Joe , Carter Megan N. , Spiller Vanessa
Published: January 2023

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is an umbrella term used to describe a range of significant neurodevelopmental, brain-based disorders and impairments that result from prenatal alcohol exposure. FASD is a high prevalence but underdiagnosed group of disorders affecting between 17 and 36% of individuals in criminal justice settings. Despite being a high-impact disorder associated with lifelong impairments with a significant need for services and interventions, little research has been completed on how to best support individuals with these conditions in criminal justice settings. This article proposes a renewed focus on applying and adapting the Risk-Need-Responsivity (RNR) approach to individuals with FASD in criminal justice settings. This will assist in better determining the needs and interventions likely to effect change and reduce recidivism for this prominent criminal justice-based population. The RNR approach has been used with multiple corrections populations to determine the need and most appropriate interventions, as well as how to best allocate scarce resources. As the prevalence of FASD becomes better understood and recognized, evidence-based approaches to addressing this specific sub-population are necessary to effect change and reduce recidivism and ongoing involvement in the criminal justice system.
How do online users perceive health risks during public health emergencies? Empirical evidence from China
Authors: Huang Shijing , Zhou Cheng , Yuan Qinjian , Chen Guohua , Shen Hongzhou
Published: January 2023

Background

The global COVID-19 pandemic has posed a major threat to human life and health, and new media technologies have intensified the spread of risk perception.

Purpose

This study aimed to explore the impact of risk information ground on online users’ perceived health risks, and further explore the mediating role of psychological distance and the moderating role of self-efficacy.

Methods

A total of 25 Internet users from different provinces in China were interviewed in-depth, NVIVO.11 was used to qualitatively analyze the interview text data and construct a theoretical model. A total of 492 interviewees were recruited in order to complete a scenario questionnaire, SPSS-27 was used to perform orthogonal experiments, generate eight combinatorial scenarios, analyze demographic data, and clean and prepare data for testing hypotheses. SmartPLS 3.0 was used to test the conceptual model using the structural equation model (SEM) of the partial least squares (PLS).

Results

The analysis of the SEM model shows that all planned hypotheses (Information fluency → Information diagnosability, Information extensibility → Information diagnosability, Information diagnosability → Psychological distance, Platform interactivity → Scenario embeddedness, Network connectivity → Scenario embeddedness, Scenario embeddedness → Psychological distance, Psychological distance → Risk perception, Psychological distance → Self-efficacy → Risk perception, Information fluency → Information diagnosability → Psychological distance → Risk perception, Information extensibility → Information diagnosability → Psychological distance → Risk perception, Platform interactivity → Scenario embeddedness → Psychological distance → Risk perception, Network connectivity → Scenario embeddedness → Psychological distance → Risk perception) are confirmed.

Conclusion

This study found that the information ground factors significantly affect online users’ perceptions of health risks, psychological distance mediates the effect of information ground factors on risk perception, and self-efficacy negatively moderates the effect of psychological distance on risk perception.