bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficient Methanol Production on the Dark Side of a Prestellar Core
Authors: Harju Jorma , Pineda Jaime E. , Vasyunin Anton I. , Caselli Paola , Offner Stella S. R. , Goodman Alyssa A. , Juvela Mika , Sipilä Olli , Faure Alexandre , Le Gal Romane , Hily-Blant Pierre , Alves João , Bizzocchi Luca , Burkert Andreas , Chen Hope , Friesen Rachel K. , Güsten Rolf , Myers Philip C. , Punanova Anna , Rist Claire , Rosolowsky Erik , Schlemmer Stephan , Shirley Yancy , Spezzano Silvia , Vastel Charlotte , Wiesenfeld Laurent
Published: June 2020

We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array maps of the starless molecular cloud core Ophiuchus/H-MM1 in the lines of deuterated ammonia (ortho-

), methanol (

), and sulfur monoxide (SO). The dense core is seen in

emission, whereas the

and SO distributions form a halo surrounding the core. Because methanol is formed on grain surfaces, its emission highlights regions where desorption from grains is particularly efficient. Methanol and sulfur monoxide are most abundant in a narrow zone that follows the eastern side of the core. This side is sheltered from the stronger external radiation field coming from the west. We show that photodissociation on the illuminated side can give rise to an asymmetric methanol distribution but that the stark contrast observed in H-MM1 is hard to explain without assuming enhanced desorption on the shaded side. The region of the brightest emission has a wavy structure that rolls up at one end. This is the signature of Kelvin–Helmholtz instability occurring in sheared flows. We suggest that in this zone, methanol and sulfur are released as a result of grain–grain collisions induced by shear vorticity.
Abnormal Dawn–Dusk Asymmetry of Protonated Ions in the Martian Ionosphere
Authors: Cui J. , Z.-P. Ren , Z.-P. Wu , X.-S. Wu , Y.-Q. Hao , Wei Y.
Published: June 2020

Normally, the Martian ionosphere displays a dusk enhancement due to continuous depletion of plasma via recombination during day-to-night transport. Using the extensive measurements made by the Neutral Gas and Ion Mass Spectrometer on board the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution spacecraft, we show that several species, including

, OH+, H2O+, and NH+, present instead an abnormal dawn enhancement above the exobase where they are mainly produced by ion-neutral reactions involving H2. Such a peculiarity is indicative of a dawn bulge of H2 present in the Martian upper atmosphere and corona, which is driven by subsidence in regions of horizontal wind convergence and the subsequent buildup of minor atmospheric species with large vertical scale heights. A similar dynamical process is also known to occur in the upper atmospheres of other solar system bodies such as the Earth, Venus, and Titan. Interestingly, despite that the diurnal variations of O and N are subject to the same dynamical effect, a dawn enhancement is not seen for O+ and N+, possibly due to the nonthermal production of their parent atoms in the ambient atmosphere via processes such as photodissociation and dissociative recombination. The H2 distribution inferred in this study is important for a thorough understanding of hydrogen escape and climate evolution on Mars.
Impacts of Dust Grains Accelerated by Supernovae on the Moon
Authors: Siraj Amir , Loeb Abraham
Published: June 2020

There is evidence that ejecta from nearby supernovae have rained down on Earth in the past. Supernovae can accelerate preexisting dust grains in the interstellar medium to speeds of ∼0.01c. We investigate the survival and impact of dust grains from supernovae on the Moon, finding that supernova dust grains can form detectable tracks with widths of ∼0.01–0.07 μm and depths of ∼0.1–0.7 mm in lunar rocks. These tracks could potentially shed light on the timings, luminosities, and directions of nearby supernovae.
Origin of Sub-TeV Afterglow Emission from Gamma-Ray Bursts GRB 190114C and GRB 180720B
Authors: Sahu Sarira , Fortín Carlos E. López
Published: June 2020

The detection of GRB 180722B and GRB 190114C in sub-TeV gamma-rays has opened up a new window to study gamma-ray bursts in high-energy gamma-rays. Recently it has been shown that the synchrotron and inverse Compton processes are responsible for the production of these high-energy gamma-rays during the afterglow. Here, for the first time we demonstrate that the photohadronic scenario that is successful in explaining the multi-TeV flaring in high-energy blazars is also applicable for gamma-ray bursts. We show that the sub-TeV spectra of GRB 190114C and GRB 180720B are due to the interaction of high-energy protons with the background photons in the synchrotron self-Compton region and synchrotron region, respectively. The nature of the background photon distributions help us to constrain their bulk Lorentz factors.
Prevalence of Retinal Diseases and Associated Risk Factors in an African Population From Mwanza, Tanzania
Authors: Jacobsen Bradley H. , Shah Avni A. , Aggarwal Sahil , Mwanansao Christopher , McFadden Molly , Zouache Moussa A. , Shakoor Akbar
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To determine the prevalence of retinal disease among a population in Mwanza, Tanzania, and to identify relevant risk factors for retinal disorders in this cohort.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted in Mwanza, Tanzania, among patients older than 18 years. Participants completed a demographics survey and underwent an ophthalmic examination that included fundus photography.

RESULTS:

Complete data were available for 1,007 (93.8%) of the 1,073 persons examined. The prevalence of vitreoretinal disorders was 22.8% (230/1,007). The leading retinal diseases were age-related macular degeneration (7.0%), hypertensive retinopathy (4.5%), and macular scars (2.7%).

CONCLUSION:

This study is the first population-based study of retinal disease in Mwanza. The findings reveal a considerable burden of retinal disease in this region, suggesting a need for trained local ophthalmic personnel and resources.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2020;51:S17–S25.]
La magnitud de los elefantes indios en las batallas de Rafia (Polibio V 84.5-6) y de Magnesia (Livio XXXVII 39.13) ¿Dónde está el error?
Authors: García-Hernández Benjamín
Published: June 2020

Hasta la colonización de África, ha estado vigente la opinión de que los elefantes indios de Antíoco III, que derrotaron a los libios de Ptolomeo IV en la batalla de Rafia (217 a. C.) descrita por Polibio, eran de tamaño superior. Tito Livio lo confirma a propósito de la batalla de Magnesia (190 a. C.). Sin embargo, el empleo de μέγεθος sugiere un significado diferente de magnitudo, de manera que el error atribuido a Polibio no es tal. Mientras el historiador romano se atiene a la idea de la corpulencia individual de una y otra especie de elefantes, el griego tiene en cuenta la magnitud del conjunto de la unidad táctica. La clave interpretativa está en el doble valor del término no marcado de la oposición privativa que forman μέγεθος y πλῆθος, magnitudo y multitudo; pues los dos primeros vocablos representan, además del tamaño individual específico, el concepto genérico de magnitud.
Isonomia, demokratia y enfoque enactivo en Heródoto
Authors: Sebastiani Breno Battistin , Ferreira Leão Delfim
Published: June 2020

Siguiendo el enfoque enactivo aplicado por Popova (2015) a la narrativa, esta investigación se centra en dos grupos de metáforas en torno a las cuales Heródoto organizó sus percepciones sobre isonomia y demokratia: el cognitivo y el pragmático. En lugar de destacar las diferencias entre isonomia y demokratia, deseamos evidenciar interacciones acumulativas entre ambos conceptos, un proceso que nos permite dar sentido a una — demokratia — a través de la otra — isonomia. Este enfoque también es útil para transponer meditaciones de la Antigüedad sobre la democracia a contextos contemporáneos, no porque las democracias antiguas y contemporáneas sean similares, sino porque esas meditaciones son partes constitutivas de las metáforas de la democracia con las que vivimos actualmente, y cuyas raíces se pueden ver en los atributos que Heródoto le asigna en III 80-82 y V 66-73.
Piedad, impiedad y justicia en la polis (a propósito del Eutifrón de Platón)
Authors: Pascual José
Published: June 2020

Este trabajo analiza la forma en que la piedad socrática y sus ideas religiosas, en un contexto histórico hostil al filósofo, se enfrentaban con la piedad popular y las creencias religiosas de la polis. De este modo, el escepticismo de Sócrates hacia los relatos mitológicos, la idea de que existía un único canon de virtud universal, aplicable tanto a las cosas divinas como humanas, y la separación de la piedad y la justicia de la voluntad de los dioses, le llevaron a socavar las bases de la religión griega que se fundamentaban en el temor y respeto a los dioses y en una práctica cultual tradicional que garantizaba la protección de los dioses necesaria para la supervivencia de la comunidad.
Una tablilla de maldición de la necrópolis de Panticapeo (SEG LXIII 616) revisitada
Authors: Belousov Alexey V.
Published: June 2020

El artículo está dedicado a verificar la lectura y establecer el texto de una tablilla mágica de Panticapeo. El autor propone un nuevo texto con aparato crítico de la inscripción y discute la nueva interpretación ofrecida recientemente por Eleni Chronopoulou desde el contexto más amplio de las prácticas mágicas en la Antigüedad.
Ce que (faire) parler veut dire. Enjeux méthodologiques et épistémologiques des récits de maladie en psychiatrie
Authors: Henckes Nicolas , Marquis Nicolas
Published: June 2020

Si mener des entretiens avec des personnes malades est pratiquement devenu un passage obligé de toute recherche sur la santé mentale en sciences sociales, la réflexion sur le statut du discours recueilli par ce biais et sur les analyses que l’on peut en faire dériver est singulièrement peu développée dans les publications méthodologiques. Pourtant, la plupart des chercheurs constatent que la maladie mentale, parce qu’elle porte atteinte à la capacité des personnes à entrer en relation, met à mal le cadre de l’entretien. En confrontant la lecture d’une série de manuels de méthodologie de sciences sociales d’une part, et, d’autre part, la caractérisation proposée dans un corpus d’ouvrages cliniques de la forme de vie spécifique qu’est la psychose, cet article donne quelques pistes de réflexion pour identifier plus précisément ces difficultés et pour les dépasser. Plus largement, il cherche à développer un cadre pour des recherches en sciences sociales qui mobilisent les savoirs cliniques sur la maladie mentale sans verser dans leur dénonciation ni s’y soumettre.
« Jouer aux normaux entre malades ». Expériences des troubles psychiques et normalités négociées dans les groupes d’entraide mutuelle.
Authors: Troisoeufs Aurélien
Published: June 2020

Les groupes d’entraide mutuelle (GEM), développés dans le cadre de la loi du 11 février 2005, ont été pensés comme des dispositifs de compensation et de prévention du handicap psychique. Organisés autour d’activités socioculturelles, ils sont présentés comme un lieu, non médical, de rencontres entre pairs favorisant l’entraide et la socialisation des personnes faisant l’expérience de troubles psychiques. Un des objectifs fixés est de leur permettre de « mettre la maladie/le handicap entre parenthèses » et de faire du GEM un passage vers une vie (plus) « ordinaire » dans laquelle elles pourraient a priori se considérer comme « normales ». Cet article vise à présenter la différence de point de vue entre animateurs et adhérents quant au sens et à la mise en pratique d’une vie ordinaire. Les relations entre pairs sont une occasion de proposer une lecture originale de la liminarité comme condition ordinaire de vie.
Displacement Beyond Borders
Authors: Odongoh Stevens Aguto
Published: June 2020

This chapter focuses on how the Northern Uganda war between the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) and the Ugandan Army (1987-2008) reformulated Acholi people's local construction of place, political belonging, material, and emotional connections. In other words, how historical processes with war, flight, and displacement reshaped meaning of being Acholi in Northern Uganda. The two-decade period of war in Northern Uganda (1986-2008) led to the displacement of Acholi people both internally and externally. Almost the whole population of Acholiland were affected by the LRA insurgency that dismantled societal structures that had for long anchored Acholi culture. During this turbulent period, Acholi people lived in camps and in the neighboring countries, especially Sudan, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Central African Republic (CAR), and Kenya, among others. This gives this conflict a cross-border dimension.
Re-Conceptualizing Diversity Management
Authors: Byrd Marilyn Y. , Hughes Claretha
Published: June 2020

This chapter highlights how diversity management, a widely practiced management philosophy, has emerged from an original focus of equal opportunity and representation to a focus on a strategic and competitive business opportunity for organizations. However, the adverse, lived experiences that socially marginalized people experience are concealed within business goals despite having their “difference” marketed as a competitive advantage. The aim of this chapter is to conceptualize diversity management as having mutually inclusive, intersecting goals rather than mutually exclusive, competing goals.
Moving Beyond Structural Diversity Using Institutional Structures and Interpersonal Relationships
Authors: Camargo Elsa
Published: June 2020

This chapter describes the perspectives of 19 faculty members at a newly designated top-tier research institution with a high degree of student diversity on Schein's cultural levels: artifacts and espoused beliefs and values in relation to diversity and inclusion. In spite of the selected institution having a highly diverse student body, faculty experienced the organizational culture similarly to faculty at PWIs, highlighting that compositional diversity is not enough for transforming institutions into inclusive spaces. Rather, this chapter highlights how governance structures, decision-making practices, hiring practices, and leadership play an important role in shaping the experiences of faculty. Recommendations are provided for organizational leaders and human resources to create supportive work environments for faculty of color.
The Role of Mentoring on the Retention of Women From Diverse Backgrounds in STEM
Authors: Lopez Patricia Denise J. , Duran Anna
Published: June 2020

Women continue to be underrepresented in the science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields. This is concerning because STEM is a key driver of innovation and global competitiveness. STEM jobs in the United States are growing at a faster rate than other occupations, but there remains a shortage of qualified applicants. Women from diverse racial and ethnic groups represent an underutilized resource. However, they face multiple challenges as they enter the field, develop a STEM identity, progress in their education, and pursue and persist in STEM occupations. This chapter summarizes the key reasons for why there continues to be an underrepresentation of women (especially women of color) within STEM. It then discusses the role and impact of mentoring as well as the competencies required for effective mentoring. Finally, it presents recommendations for advancing mentorship efforts for women from diverse backgrounds within STEM.
A New Hybrid Document Clustering for PRF-Based Automatic Query Expansion Approach for Effective IR
Authors: Gupta Yogesh , Saini Ashish
Published: June 2020

Automatic query expansion (AQE) is an effective measure to improve information retrieval performance by including additional terms in a user query. The pseudo relevance feedback (PRF) method employed for AQE so far has suffered from a major problem of query drift. Therefore, keeping it in view, a new hybrid document clustering for PRF based AQE approach is proposed in the present article. In this, Fuzzy logic and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) are used to construct document clusters. Further, a new and effective hybrid PSO and Fuzzy logic-based term weighting approach is followed to find more suitable additional query terms using a weighted score of four IR evidences which is considered maximized. Moreover, a combined semantic filtering method along with query terms re-weighting algorithms are also used to remove noisy or irrelevant terms semantically. The performance of the presented approaches in this article is tested and compared with other approaches on three benchmark data sets. The comparative analysis of all the tested approaches illustrates the superior performance of the proposed approach.
Two-Stage Automobile Insurance Fraud Detection by Using Optimized Fuzzy C-Means Clustering and Supervised Learning
Authors: Subudhi Sharmila , Panigrahi Suvasini
Published: June 2020

A novel two-stage automobile insurance fraud detection system is proposed that initially extracts a test set from the original imbalanced insurance dataset. A genetic algorithm based optimized fuzzy c-means clustering is then applied on the remaining data set for undersampling the majority samples by eliminating the outliers among them. Thereafter, the detection of the fraudulent claims occurs in two stages. In the first stage, each insurance record is passed to the clustering module that identifies the claim as genuine, malicious, or suspicious. The genuine and malicious samples are removed and only the suspicious instances are further scrutinized in the second stage by four trained supervised classifiers − Decision Tree, Support Vector Machine, Group Method for Data Handling and Multi-Layer Perceptron individually for final decision making. Extensive experiments and comparative analysis with another recent approach using a real-world automobile insurance dataset justifies the effectiveness of the proposed system.
An Evaluation of Leasing Companies' Efficiency Through Data Envelopment Analysis
Authors: Rahman Syed Khaled
Published: June 2020

The purpose of the study was to measure and decompose total factor productivity efficiency (TFPE) into technical, scale, and mix efficiency with a view to explore weak efficiency dimension of 22 leasing companies (2013-2017) through DEA in a constant return to scale approach. Indices are used they satisfy all economically relevant axioms and tests from index number theory by making reliable multi-temporal and/or multi-lateral comparisons of efficiency. Three input and two output variables from published reports of sample firms were used to measure efficiency. It is seen that average TFPE of all leasing firms is only 31.86% while the average OTE is 64.28%. By using the same input firms can increase their output by 47.1%. IME of the firms is healthy (0.7821) which means that firms are at satisfactory efficiency level in mixing their inputs. There are opportunities for firms to increase efficiency by operating at MPSS on an unrestricted frontier. Except for RISE, efficiency measures are not significantly different from one year to another rather differ from one firm to another.
The Sustainability of Resource-Sharing Family Business in Relation to Family Non-Economic Goals
Authors: Trigos Federico , Doria Mario A.
Published: June 2020

Small and medium family businesses have distinct characteristics that differ from large corporations, with distinct challenges to their owner-managers. Many entrepreneurial families seek to achieve non-economic goals and share familial resources without compensation, not necessarily maximization of their sustainable value. As a consequence, traditional financial reporting is of limited use to them, as it does not reflect their priorities. This article introduces sustainability elements in the socio-emotional-wealth theory; identifies a family business type called resource-sharing; proposes a financial ruleset to quantify the sustainable financial position of the company regarding the achievement of non-economic goals of the family; and introduces an integrated mechanism to identify strategic implications for both family and business. Concepts are applied to family businesses from three countries, to verify applicability and usefulness.
Examining E-Government Enabling of E-Health Service Through the Lens of Structuration Theory
Authors: Iyamu Tiko
Published: June 2020

The concepts of e-government and e-health have usually been separately studied and sparsely implemented in many developing countries. In the few studies where both concepts are combined, the role of e-government is hardly examined in the implementation and practice of e-health. This article offers an exploratory analysis and provides insight on the factors that influence the complementarity of both concepts, with focus on the Africa continent. Existing literature in the areas of e-government and e-health were gathered and used as data, from a qualitative method viewpoint. Dimensions of change from the perspective of the structuration theory was employed as a lens to guide the data analysis, which was conducted by using the hermeneutic approach. From the analysis, the role of the e-government in the implementation and practice of e-health was found to manifest from six main factors, which are source, platforms, collaboration, transparency, heterogeneity, and privacy. Based on these factors, a model was developed, which is intended to guide professionals in their practices. Also, the study might be of interest to academics from theoretical standpoint.
The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology
Authors: Momani Alaa M.
Published: June 2020

Recently, the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology has taken place as one of the most developed and intensive models to test technology adoption and acceptance. This research article reviews this model by presenting a description of its development and structure. Additionally, this article compares it with other former theories and models in this field. It studies the evolution stages of these theories and classifies them depending on their development method and the scientific field which they were developed in. Moreover, the model's determinants were classified depending on their influence on technology adoption. This model has been reported as robust and trusted for application on different technologies and viable after doing any modification operation over it. It also has the minimum amount of complexity according to its limited number of constructs and moderating variables that make it more applicable and understandable to study the acceptance behavior to any new technology.
Research Synthesis and Thematic Analysis of Twitter Through Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Noor Saleha , Guo Yi , Shah Syed Hamad Hassan , Nawaz M. Saqib , Butt Atif Saleem
Published: June 2020

In literature, there is a shortage of comprehensive documents that can provide proper details about Twitter in research community. This study conducted a first descriptive bibliometric analysis to examine the most influential journals, institutions, and countries on Twitter. Similarly, bibliometric mapping analysis is carried out to explore different research themes in Twitter publications. VOSviewer was employed to process the 11,006 Twitter publications retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS) from 2009 to 2018. Obtained results suggest that USA and China received the highest number of publications on Twitter research, while the University of Illinois was the most productive institute. Furthermore, the five major themes have emerged in Twitter publications, and its remarkable role has been found in event detection, sentiment analysis, education, health, politics, and crisis as well as risk management. The authors believe that this study will open new doors for researchers to use online Twitter social networking communities in beauty salons, consulting companies, banks, and airlines.
Comparative study of minimally invasive lumbar decompression versus decompressive laminectomy with posterolateral transpedicular fixation for the treatment of degenerative lumbar canal stenosis
Authors: Aldahshory Ahmed , Mashaly Hazem , El Molla Shafik , Ismaiel Ibrahim , Saoud Khaled
Published: June 2020

Background: The classic laminectomy for spinal decompression was the treatment of choice of the degenerative lumbar canal stenosis (LCS). Many surgeons prefer to add instrumented lumbar fusion to avoid future instability after the removal of posterior elements. Adding fusion is associated with more bleeding and longer periods of hospitalization. Minimally invasive lumbar decompression (MILD) has been advocated for successful decompression with less bleeding loss and shorter hospitalization. Aim of the Work: To evaluate and compare the clinical outcomes of two different treatment modalities for degenerative LCS: the classic laminectomy with posterolateral transpedicular screw fixation and the MILD. Patients and Methods: Fifty patients with degenerative LCS were randomized from two institutions: Ain Shams University Hospital and Arab Contractors Medical Center, who underwent surgeries for degenerative LCS between 2016 and 2018 with 1-year follow-up. The study compared two cohorts: Group A – 25 patients underwent classic lumbar laminectomy with posterolateral transpedicular fixation, and Group B – 25 patients underwent MILD. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between both treatment modalities in the VAS for leg pain and back pain, the patient satisfaction index, and the Oswestry disability index after 1 year. The fusion operations were associated with higher estimates of blood loss, longer hospital stay, and more financial costs. Conclusion: MILD has the same satisfactory results as classic laminectomy with posterolateral fixation for the treatment of degenerative LCS with less bleeding loss and shorter hospitalization. Since the results are comparable, MILD is suggested in low-income countries as Egypt for economic reasons.
Surgical management of hirayama disease: A rare entity with unusual clinical features
Authors: Srivastava Sudhir , Marathe Nandan , Raj Aditya , Bhosale Sunil , Dhole Kiran
Published: June 2020

Hirayama disease (HD) is a rare type of cervical myelopathy in young males due to neck flexion causing cervical cord atrophy and asymmetric flattening with preferential involvement of anterior horn cells of the spinal cord. This is due to forward displacement of the cord during neck flexion getting compressed between the posterior part of the vertebral body and the posterior dura. The spinal cord involvement occurs due to repeated flexion and extension motion of the neck leading to selective spinal cells injury and atrophy. Most cases report an asymmetric lower motor neuron type of weakness predominantly involving the forearm and hand muscles. We report here a case of HD in an 18-year-old male who presented to us with weakness and wasting in the right hand. The patient was progressively symptomatic over a period of 1 year before presentation. The etiology and the exact cause of HD largely remain debatable and rely on the understanding of few theories which have been put forward. The natural history of this disease reaches a plateau in terms of neurological involvement after 2–5 years and is considered a self-remitting disorder. The patient was initially managed with a cervical collar immobilization but symptoms were largely not improving which was attributed to poor brace compliance. The patient was then managed surgically with a posterior lateral mass instrumentation without fusion in a lordotic alignment at the levels of maximal dural shift anteriorly. The patient improved neurologically following the surgery and maintained the intact status at the last follow-up.
Evaluation of lumbar spine bracing as a postoperative adjunct to single-level posterior lumbar spine surgery
Authors: Sinha Saurabh , Caplan Ian , Schuster James , Piazza Matthew , Glauser Gregory , Sharma Nikhil , Welch William , Osiemo Benjamin , Mcclintock Scott , Ozturk Ali , Malhotra Neil
Published: June 2020

Background: Clinical practice in postoperative bracing after posterior single-level lumbar spine fusion (PLF) is inconsistent between providers. This study seeks to assess the effect of bracing on short-term outcomes related to safety, quality of care, and direct costs. Methods: Retrospective cohort analyses of consecutive patients undergoing single-level PLF with or without bracing at a three-hospital urban academic medical center (2013–2017) were undertaken (n = 906). Patient demographics and comorbidities were analyzed. Test of independence, Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon test, and logistic regression were used to assess differences in length of stay (LOS), discharge disposition/need for postacute care, quality-adjusted life year (QALY), surgical site infection (SSI), hospital cost, total cost, readmission within 30 days, and emergency room (ER) visits within 30 days. Results: Among the study population, 863 patients were braced and 43 were not braced. No difference was seen between the two groups in short-term outcomes from surgery including LOS (P = 0.836), discharge disposition (P = 0.226), readmission (P = 1.000), ER visits (P = 0.281), SSI (P = 1.000), and QALY gain (P = 0.319). However, the braced group incurred a significantly higher direct hospital cost (median increase of 41.43%, P < 0.001) compared to the unbraced cohort (bracing cost excluded). There was no difference in graft type (P = 0.145) or comorbidities (P = 0.20–1.00) such as obesity (P = 1.000), smoking (P = 1.000), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (P = 1.000), hypertension (P = 0.805), coronary artery disease (P = 1.000), congestive heart failure (P = 1.000), and total number of comorbidities (P = 0.228). Conclusion: Short-term data suggest that removal of bracing from the postoperative regimen for PLF will not result in increased adverse outcomes but will reduce cost.
Surgical approaches to basilar apex aneurysms: An illustrative review
Authors: Li Jiangbo , Azarhomayoun Amir , Nouri Mohsen , Sakarunchai Ittichai , Yamada Yasuhiro , Yamashiro Kei , Kato Yoko
Published: June 2020

Surgical management of basilar apex aneurysms remains one of the most challenging areas in neurovascular surgery. Technical demands of treating these aneurysms have inspired several generations of neurosurgeons to push the limitations of technical achievement. Advances in neuroanesthesia, cerebral protection paradigms, and critical care management have enhanced surgical outcomes of these lesions. Several approaches have been described to reach these lesions from anterolateral or lateral corridors. Each surgical approach has its own advantages and limitations and should be chosen for each patient according to the aneurysm's position, projection, parent arteries, and perforators. In this review, we will discuss pros and cons of the common approaches to these aneurysms with description of the important steps of each surgical procedure.
Effect of land-use pattern on the physicochemical and genotoxic properties of water in a low-order stream in Central Brazil
Authors: Bailão Elisa Flávia Luiz Cardoso , Santos Leovigildo Aparecido Costa , Almeida Sara Dos Santos , D’Abadia Patrícia Lima , Morais Ronny José de , Matos Túlio Natalino de , Caramori Samantha Salomão , Araújo Cleide Sandra Tavares de , Silva Neto Carlos De Melo e , Almeida Luciane Madureira
Published: June 2020

Low-order streams located near urban areas usually receive domestic, industrial, and agricultural wastewaters that negatively affect river water quality. Additionally, water pollution is associated with land-use variations around the river, which is characterized by unplanned urbanization, intense agricultural activities, and deforestation. This work correlated land-use patterns with physicochemical quality and genotoxic potential of water at four points (P1 to P4) along the Extrema River, located in an industrial and agricultural area of Central Brazil. Physicochemical analyses indicated that the water collected from the Extrema River is inappropriate for human consumption. Using the Allium cepa model, no evidence of cytotoxicity was observed at any point; in contrast, the genotoxic potential of these water samples was observed. The correlation of these results with land use showed that the water collected at P3 was the most contaminated; this is probably due to the inflow of wastewater from municipal, industrial, and agriculture activities. Different results were observed for P2 and P4, where land-use analysis attributed the water quality to forest burns. We concluded that differential use of the land changed the characteristics of the associated river water, and A. cepa parameters were more related to land-use characteristics than to physicochemical parameters. This study highlighted the importance of associating land use with the cyto genotoxic potential of water.
Confronting Covid-19 with a Paradigm Shift in Teaching and Learning: A Study on Online Classes
Authors: Md. Shamim Mondol  , Mohammad Golam Mohiuddin
Published: June 2020

There has been an emergency paradigm shift in teaching and learning in the private universities of Bangladesh resulting from the complete shutdown of the educational institutions for an indefinite period due to Covid-19. While the shift to online classes remains operative with doubts and enthusiasm, the activities showed a considerable achievement and positive shift in attitude towards this mode in the past few weeks which showcase the prospects of online classes with some areas to address and problems to be solved. So, the stakeholders’ opinions, experiences and suggestions can be handy in capitalizing on, and utilizing this mode in coming days. Drawing on data from both the students and faculty members of different departments of Green University of Bangladesh (GUB), we illustrate the need to address and improve several areas including current state of mind of the stakeholders, potentials of the online classes as an alternative to onsite classes, the need for assurance of some facilities and orientation of this type of techno-based new modes as precautionary to emergency. Though online instructions are not new in many parts of the world, we argue that it is here in Bangladesh a new experience with a very limited practice, and so it requires some corrections, improvisations and special considerations on the part of the concerned authorities to make the mode a viable solution to teaching-learning in the impasse resulting from the complete shutdown in the current crisis.
Interest-free Financing: An Overview of Interest-free Finance in Turkey and Bangladesh
Authors: Syed Magfur Ahmad  , Saeyd Rashed Hasan Chowdury
Published: June 2020

The research paper aims to analyses the overview of interest-free finance activities in Turkey and Bangladesh. The history of the intellectual efforts of the Islamic economy in modern times is date back to the 1950s. The interest-free finance system emerged with the claim of being an alternative to the aim of eliminating the complexity of the irregular order in the modern financial system. Emerging Bangladesh and developing turkey were started up their interest-free financing from the decade of 1980. Bangladesh started interest-free financing from 1983 by establishing Islamic bank limited regarded as the pioneer of Islamic banking in Bangladesh. Participation banks of turkey have been growing continuously since the year they started operations in 1985. Islamic banks Limited and Participation bank of turkey hold market share 24% and 5.3 % in their banking sector, respectively. Interest-free financing as a development factor within the framework of the implementation of multilateral projects that contributes to both country’s economy. This research paper considers qualitative and analytical research based on the secondary data collection process. Improving the regulation of financial organizations in interest-free financing that keep contributing to the development of infrastructure of Islamic finance activities for both Turkey and Bangladesh.
Analysis of the Objectives and Teacher Practices in Preschool Curriculum in Terms of Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy
Authors: Seyat Polat  , Fethi Turan
Published: June 2020

The aim of the study is to investigate the learning objectives and teacher practices in the preschool curriculum implemented in the 2013-2014 academic year in terms of the revised Bloom’s taxonomy. Case study design of the qualitative research methods is used in the study. In collecting research data, convenience sampling method of purposive sampling is used. For this purpose, planned classroom practices of five teachers in a private primary school were observed, and then the same teachers were interviewed. Additionally, the learning objectives of the preschool curriculum in 2013 are examined. Teacher observation and interview forms are used to collect the data. Descriptive content analysis is conducted using “QSR NVivo 10” and “Microsoft Excel 2010” software in the analysis of the research data. The study results indicate that learning objectives in the preschool curriculum were gathered at the knowledge level, that teacher practices supported this finding, but that the results obtained in the interviews did not support this finding.
Privatization in the World and in Turkey from the Past to the Present
Authors: Çildir Melih
Published: June 2020

From ancient Greece to the Renaissance period, up to privatization, which showed the effect on both Britain from Nazi Germany it emerges both in and outside Turkey. In this study the historical process of privatization in the world and in Turkey, the process of privatization, privatization has been mentioned in the domain. The first arrangement made in 1984 on privatization in Turkey, privatization, which began in 1986, the species, in taking the scope of privatization of SOEs No. 233 Decree, and for compatibility with the Constitution on 2018 703 Decree Law No. 85 Amendments to Article It was mentioned that the privatization authority was given to the President. The aims, benefits and disadvantages of privatization have been addressed using the current figures and data. This process was tried to be revealed by making a literature review.
Vengeance of Nonhuman Beings: An Ecocritical Reading of Samuel Taylor Coleridge’ Work, “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner”
Authors: Turan Özgür Güngör
Published: June 2020

These days environmental issues are among the most commonly reported ones in the world. The dangerous effects of the environmental problems, which are as old as the history of humanity, began to be felt more profoundly after the Industrial Revolution. In former times the environmental problems were felt only at a local level with the destruction of forests in order to facilitate hunting places and clear lands for farming areas. After the Industrial Revolution the extent of the problem rose and reached the catastrophic disaster level with the extensive fossil fuel use. Nowadays, when environment problems come into question, many people prefer using the term environmental disaster in place of the term environmental problems. This term, environmental disaster, may be remarkable enough to discern the severity of the problem.  The role of literature in reaching the public cannot be denied. Ecocriticism tries to make use of this ability of literature in setting forth and expressing environment problems. Since both fictional and non-fictional literature can reach many people, the works which concern with the environmental problems may be beneficial to raise awareness and contribute to inform many people all over the world about the severity of these problems. Creating awareness is an important issue since many people are not aware of the fact that the nature is destroyed by humans, and they neglect that the harm to nature causes the harm to humanity concurrently since there has always been an indissoluble bond between ecosystem and humans. Humans cannot be dissociated from the natural world.
In this study, some brief information about human related environment disasters, social organizations which were established to fight for the rights of nonhuman beings in nature, the function of literature in creating awareness among human beings, the efforts of creating ecological reading and the emergence of ecocritical literary criticism will be given. After discussing Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s contribution to nature writing and Romanticism briefly, “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” will be evaluated from an ecocritical perspective.
Los grupos de investigación y su impacto en los factores que determinan la eficiencia terminal del posgrado.
Authors: José de Jesús Peinado Camacho  , Vicente Mayagoitia Barragán  , Constantina Cruz Guerra.
Published: June 2020

El objetivo de la presente investigación es proporcionar evidencia empírica de los grupos de investigación y su impacto en los factores que determinan la eficiencia terminal del posgrado a través del estudio de caso del Centro de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica (CIITEC) en el Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN). El diseño de la investigación fue no experimental y transeccional. La metodología que se utilizó fue cuantitativa. El enfoque del estudio fue exploratorio y descriptivo. Se concluye que la mayoría del cuerpo académico tiene experiencia en síntesis e ingeniería materiales, ha madurado y está en posibilidades de potenciar sus capacidades. Se necesita replantear la línea de investigación y hacerla más representativa, se debe aumentar la proporción de estudiante/profesor.
Procedimientos desarrolladores: una vía para la gestión del conocimiento en la matemática de la educación primaria.
Authors: Rosa María Fernández Chelala  , Isabel Alfonso Cruz  , Ricardo González Pérez.
Published: June 2020

Con los adelantos de la ciencia y la tecnología se ha producido un cambio, tanto en la forma de acceder a la información, como en su propia naturaleza, así como para su adquisición y manejo, que permite gestionar el conocimiento, el cual conduce a un aprendizaje desarrollador donde se tiene en cuenta la participación activa de los protagonistas del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. En él se crean espacios y momentos de reflexión que impliquen al escolar en el análisis de las tareas, las vías para su solución y su control valorativo. En la ponencia se hace un análisis de este proceso de manera general y en particular en la Educación Primaria. Se proponen ejemplos en la asignatura Matemática en la Educación Primaria.
Explorando el factor determinante para el desempeño de los empleados en el contexto educativo superior.
Authors:  Shaukat Ullah Khan  , Abdul Sattar Khan. 
Published: June 2020

Hay ciertos factores que pueden afectar el desempeño de la fuerza laboral, que se nombran factores predictivos hacia el desempeño de los empleados según los resultados de los estudios de investigación existentes. Este artículo tiene como objetivo explorar las relaciones entre factores determinantes (cultura organizacional, justicia organizacional, política organizacional y empoderamiento psicológico) hacia el desempeño de los empleados; con este propósito, se recopilaron datos secundarios de bases de datos en línea, mientras que los primarios se obtuvieron de fuerzas de trabajo provenientes de instituciones superiores seleccionadas a través de un cuestionario estructurado adaptado de estudios de investigación anteriores. Esta investigación proporciona información valiosa (teórica y empírica) a la base de datos existente de conocimiento sobre los temas bajo consideración.
Investigación de la influencia de indicadores valiosos-sensibles de futuros diseñadores en su preparación para la actividad professional.
Authors:  Zukhra N. Galeeva  , Elena V. Gabdrakhmanova  , Elmira G. Akhmetshina  , Julia N. Kuznetsova. 
Published: June 2020

El tipo moderno de economía ha llevado a la formación de nuevos requisitos para los graduados de educación superior. En este sentido, se actualiza el problema de la formación de pautas semánticas de valor de los estudiantes para su preparación para la actividad profesional del diseñador. . Los autores del artículo realizaron un estudio sobre la influencia del valor y las orientaciones semánticas de los futuros estudiantes-diseñadores en su preparación para la actividad profesional, realizaron un diagnóstico de la influencia del valor y las orientaciones semánticas de los futuros diseñadores en su preparación para la actividad profesional, propusieron formas de optimizar el proceso de preparación del futuro diseñador para la actividad profesional, justificaron el papel principal de la capacitación práctica en este proceso.
Las principales direcciones para mejorar la eficiencia de regulación de las empresas transnacionales en condiciones modernas (en el ejemplo de azerbaiyán).
Authors:  Muslumat A. Allakhverdiyeva  ,  Gulnara Esabeli  , Azizova. 
Published: June 2020

El objetivo principal del estudio del artículo científico es una formulación de métodos complejos en la efectividad de las regulaciones comerciales transnacionales en la economía moderna de Azerbaiyán. Las principales direcciones para lograr estos propósitos se asignan de la siguiente manera: regulación general de los negocios transnacionales a nivel nacional; regulación de negocios transnacionales a nivel industrial (comercio exterior); regulación a nivel de las empresas transnacionales (SOCAR).
Desarrollo de la competencia digital del docente para estar en el espacio educativo de la universidad.
Authors:  Nadezhda P. Yachina  , Rezeda K.Khurmatullina  , Orlando Gabriel Cardenas Fernandez. 
Published: June 2020

El objetivo del estudio es analizar los métodos de formación de competencias digitales en estudiantes de humanidades, docentes en estudio, en una de las universidades de Rusia. El objetivo de nuestra investigación fue estudiar el nivel de dominio de las tecnologías digitales; para estudiar el uso y el impacto de lo digital. El experimento involucró a 60 estudiantes. Los resultados de una encuesta sociológica de estudiantes, demostraron en el futuro ciertas competencias digitales de los estudiantes. La información obtenida servirá como una guía y una comprensión de qué tipo de estrategias y tecnologías se pueden utilizar en las aulas como parte de la formación de profesores de humanidades para satisfacer las necesidades de los estudiantes de la nueva generación digital.
El papel del estado para garantizar los procesos de colonización en Rusia en la primera mitad del siglo XIX: aspectos legales y organizativos.
Authors:  Sergey V. Arkhipov  , Vadim V. Burukin  , Andrey V. Ilyukhin  , Vera A. Ilyukhina. 
Published: June 2020

El artículo analiza los aspectos legales de garantizar la colonización de las afueras de Rusia en la primera mitad del siglo XIX. Un papel significativo en la colonización durante el período de estudio perteneció al estado. El artículo señala que el estado ha creado un sistema coherente de regulación legal y administrativa que garantiza el asentamiento de nuevas áreas a medida que se expanden las fronteras del Imperio ruso. Se concluye, que gracias a la política de colonización, se formó una nueva comunidad socio-étnica de la "población rusa", que incluía a muchas personas de diferentes orígenes étnicos, sociales, sociales y afiliaciones religiosas.
Orientaciones vocacionales y laborales de estudiantes de la escuela Nizhny Novgorod como resultado de una encuesta sociológica.
Authors:  Olga A. Nemova  , Tatiana V. Svadbina  , Veronika A. Karnaukhova  , Liubov I. Kutepova  , Maxim M. Kutepov. 
Published: June 2020

El documento discute los problemas de organizar el trabajo de orientación profesional en las escuelas de Nizhny Novgorod. Para conocer las actitudes vocacionales y laborales de los estudiantes escolares y evaluar la eficiencia del trabajo de orientación profesional, en el año 2019 se organizó una encuesta sociológica. La muestra fue de 790 personas: estudiantes de secundaria y sus padres. Los resultados demostraron que el trabajo de orientación profesional es evaluado por los encuestados como extremadamente pobre. Los autores han presentado una serie de sugerencias de asesoramiento cuyo uso permitiría cambiar esencialmente la situación negativa formada para mejor.