bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hidden Treasures: Microbial Natural Product Biosynthesis off the Beaten Path
Authors: Biermann Friederike , Helfrich Eric J. N.
Published: November 2021

Microbes produce structurally diverse natural products to interact with their environment. Many of the biosynthetic products involved in this “metabolic small talk” have been exploited for the treatment of various diseases.
Sequencing Using a Two-Step Strategy Reveals High Genetic Diversity in the S Gene of SARS-CoV-2 after a High-Transmission Period in Tunis, Tunisia
Authors: Fares Wasfi , Ghedira Kais , Gdoura Mariem , Chouikha Anissa , Haddad-Boubaker Sondes , Khedhiri Marwa , Ayouni Kaouthar , Lamari Asma , Touzi Henda , Hammemi Walid , Medeb Zina , Sadraoui Amel , Hogga Nahed , ben Alaya Nissaf , Triki Henda
Published: November 2021

The method of choice for SARS-CoV-2 variant detection is whole-genome sequencing using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies. Resources for this technology remain limited in many low- and middle-income countries, where it is not possible to perform whole-genome sequencing for representative numbers of SARS-CoV-2-positive cases.
Differences in IgG Antibody Responses following BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
Authors: Montoya José G. , Adams Amy E. , Bonetti Valérie , Deng Sien , Link Nan A. , Pertsch Suzanne , Olson Kjerstie , Li Martina , Dillon Ellis C. , Frosch Dominick L.
Published: November 2021

SARS-CoV-2 vaccines using the mRNA platform have become one of the most powerful tools to overcome the COVID-19 pandemic. mRNA vaccines enable human cells to produce and present the virus spike protein to their immune system, leading to protection from severe illness. Two mRNA vaccines have been widely implemented, mRNA-1273 (Moderna) and BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech).
Japanese Encephalitis Virus NS1′ Protein Interacts with Host CDK1 Protein to Regulate Antiviral Response
Authors: Li Qiuyan , Zhou Dengyuan , Jia Fan , Zhang Luping , Ashraf Usama , Li Yunchuan , Duan Hongyu , Song Yunfeng , Chen Huanchun , Cao Shengbo , Ye Jing
Published: November 2021

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is the main cause of acute human encephalitis in Asia. The unavailability of specific treatment for Japanese encephalitis demands a better understanding of the basic cellular mechanisms that contribute to the onset of disease.
Type IV Pili of Streptococcus sanguinis Contribute to Pathogenesis in Experimental Infective Endocarditis
Authors: Martini Anthony M. , Moricz Bridget S. , Woods Laurel J. , Jones Bradley D.
Published: November 2021

This work provides evidence that type IV pili produced by
Streptococcus sanguinis
SK36 are critical to the ability of these bacteria to attach to and colonize the aortic heart valve (endocarditis). We found that an
S. sanguinis
type IV pili mutant strain was defective in causing platelet-dependent aggregation in a 24-h infection assay but not in a 1-h platelet aggregation assay, suggesting that the type IV pili act at later stages of vegetation development.
Impaired vision and physical activity in childhood and adolescence: findings from the Millennium Cohort Study
Authors: Horvat-Gitsels Lisanne Andra , Cortina-Borja Mario , Solebo Ameenat Lola , Rahi Jugnoo Sangeeta
Published: November 2021

Background/aims

Investigate if impaired vision is associated with reduced levels and differences in types of physical activity (PA) to identify barriers or enablers to achieving healthy PA levels.

Methods

Data from the Millennium Cohort Study of children born in the UK in 2000–2001 and followed-up to age 14 years (n=11 571). Using parental report on eye conditions coded by clinicians, children were categorised as having no, unilateral or bilateral impaired vision. Outcomes included objective accelerometer-derived time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and 16 PA types reported by parents, teachers and/or participants, covering physical education (PE), organised sports, self-organised sports and hobbies.

Results

Overall, 50% of 7-year-olds and subsequently 41% as 14-year-olds achieved the internationally recommended level of ≥60 MVPA min/day, irrespective of vision status, and mainly attributable to PE and organised sports. Bilateral impaired vision (vs none) was associated with parent-reported difficulties with PE (adjusted OR, 4.67; 95% CI, 2.31 to 9.41), self-rated poor ability in PE (3.21; 1.44 to 7.15) andnotenjoy indoor PA (0.48; 0.26 to 0.88). Unilateral impaired vision was associated with both parent-rated difficulties (1.80; 1.26 to 2.59) and teachers’ perception of low ability in PE (2.27; 1.57 to 3.28), and reduced odds of high participation in organised sports (0.77; 0.59 to 0.99). Age-related trajectories showed suboptimal PA in childhood tracked into adolescence, with no difference by vision status.

Conclusion

Population-wide programmes to increase PA levels in children should pay special attention to those with impaired vision and include early interventions to encourage participation and confidence in PE and organised sports, starting in primary school and maintained afterwards.
Healthcare costs among patients with macular oedema associated with non-infectious uveitis: a US commercial payer’s perspective
Authors: Hariprasad Seenu M , Joseph George , Gagnon-Sanschagrin Patrick , Serra Elizabeth , Bhattacharyya Subrata , Bédard Jérôme , Guérin Annie , Albini Thomas Arno
Published: November 2021

Objective

To describe patient characteristics and healthcare costs associated with uveitic macular oedema (UME) in US clinical practices from a commercial payer’s perspective.

Methods and analysis

The IBM MarketScan Commercial Subset (1 October 2015–31 March 2020) was used to identify patients with non-infectious uveitis (NIU), with or without UME. Patients with UME at any time were further classified into subgroups of patients who received a UME diagnosis during the study period and those who received a UME diagnosis and local steroid injection (LSI) during the study period. Demographic and clinical characteristics, NIU-related treatments and healthcare costs were described for each cohort and subgroup during the most recent 12 months of continuous health plan enrolment. Healthcare costs were also described by vision status among all patients with NIU.

Results

A total of 36 322 patients with NIU were identified, of whom 3 301 (9.1%) had UME and 33 021 (90.9%) had no UME. Patients with UME more frequently received NIU-related treatment compared with those without UME (64.6% vs 45.0%), particularly LSI treatment (12.5% vs 0.7%). Mean total all-cause healthcare costs per-patient-per-year (PPPY) were higher among patients with UME ($19 851) than patients without UME ($16 188) and were especially high among those with bilateral UME ($24 162). Further, vision loss was more commonly observed in those with UME versus those without UME (5.7% vs 2.2%) and a trend of increasing healthcare costs with increasing vision loss was observed.

Conclusion

NIU is associated with substantial clinical and economic burden, particularly when UME is present.
Association between triage level and outcomes at Médecins Sans Frontières trauma hospital in Kunduz, Afghanistan, 2015
Authors: Daebes Hadjer Latif , Tounsi Linnea Latifa , Nerlander Maximilian , Gerdin Wärnberg Martin , Jaweed Momer , Mamozai Bashir Ahmad , Nasim Masood , Trelles Miguel , von Schreeb Johan
Published: November 2021

Background

Five million people die annually due to injuries; an increasing part is due to armed conflict in low-income and middle-income countries, demanding resolute emergency trauma care. In Afghanistan, a low-income country that has experienced conflict for over 35 years, conflict related trauma is a significant public health problem. To address this, the non-governmental organisation Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) set up a trauma centre in Kunduz (Kunduz Trauma Centre (KTC)). MSF’s standardised emergency operating procedures include the South African Triage Scale (SATS). To date, there are few studies that assess how triage levels correspond with outcome in low-resource conflict settings

Aim

This study aims to assess to what extent SATS triage levels correlated to outcomes in terms of hospital admission, intensive care unit (ICU) admission and mortality for patients treated at KTC.

Method and materials

This retrospective study used routinely collected data from KTC registries. A total of 17 970 patients were included. The outcomes were hospital admission, ICU admission and mortality. The explanatory variable was triage level. Covariates including age, gender and delay to arrival were used. Logistic regression was used to study the correlation between triage level and outcomes.

Results

Out of all patients seeking care, 28.7% were triaged as red or orange. The overall mortality was 0.6%. In total, 90% of those that died and 79% of ICU-admitted patients were triaged as red.

Conclusion

The risk of positive and negative outcomes correlated with triage level. None of the patients triaged as green died or were admitted to the ICU whereas 90% of patients who died were triaged as red.
Investigation of climate change impacts on early-age cracking of jointed plain concrete pavements in Canada
Authors: Shafiee Mohammad , Maadani Omran
Published: November 2021

Canada’s climate is warming at a rate about double the global average, leading to potential negative impacts on public infrastructures such as jointed plain concrete pavement (JPCP). In light of this reality of changing climate, the work contained in this paper is aimed at evaluating JPCP’s early-age behaviour in response to environmental conditions. HIPERPAV® software and the associated models developed by the U.S. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) were used to identify cracking potential. A sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the effect of different levels of air temperature, mix temperature, base layer temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity. Additionally, projected extreme temperatures predicted by the Canadian Regional Climate Model (CanRCM) were used to determine the relative impact of climate change on cracking risk. The results demonstrated the increased cracking risk under changing climate in several Canadian cities by mid-century and highlighted the importance of developing a pathway forward for climate adaptation.
Lepton-flavour non-universality of $${\bar{B}}\rightarrow D^*\ell {{\bar{\nu }}}$$ angular distributions in and beyond the Standard Model
Authors: Bobeth Christoph , Bordone Marzia , Gubernari Nico , Jung Martin , Dyk Danny van
Published: November 2021

We analyze in detail the angular distributions in$${\bar{B}}\rightarrow D^*\ell {{\bar{\nu }}}$$B¯→D∗ℓν¯decays, with a focus on lepton-flavour non-universality. We investigate the minimal number of angular observables that fully describes current and upcoming datasets, and explore their sensitivity to physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM) in the most general weak effective theory. We apply our findings to the current datasets, extract the non-redundant set of angular observables from the data, and compare to precise SM predictions that include lepton-flavour universality violating mass effects. Our analysis shows that the number of independent angular observables that can be inferred from current experimental data is limited to only four. These are insufficient to extract the full set of relevant BSM parameters. We uncover a$$\sim 4\sigma $$∼4σtension between data and predictions that is hidden in the redundant presentation of the Belle 2018 data on$${\bar{B}}\rightarrow D^*\ell {{\bar{\nu }}}$$B¯→D∗ℓν¯decays. This tension specifically involves observables that probe$$e-\mu $$e-μlepton-flavour universality. However, we find inconsistencies in these data, which renders results based on it suspicious. Nevertheless, we discuss which generic BSM scenarios could explain the tension, in the case that the inconsistencies do not affect the data materially. Our findings highlight that$$e-\mu $$e-μnon-universality in the SM, introduced by the finite muon mass, is already significant in a subset of angular observables with respect to the experimental precision.
Integrable cosmological models with an additional scalar field
Authors: Ivanov Vsevolod R. , Vernov Sergey Yu.
Published: November 2021

We consider modified gravity cosmological models that can be transformed into two-field chiral cosmological models by the conformal metric transformation. For the $$R^2$$

R
2

gravity model with an additional scalar field and the corresponding two-field model with the cosmological constant and nonstandard kinetic part of the action, the general solutions have been obtained in the spatially flat FLRW metric. We analyze the correspondence of the cosmic time solutions obtained and different possible evolutions of the Hubble parameters in the Einstein and Jordan frames.
Reliability Evaluation of Bicube-Based Multiprocessor System under the g-Good-Neighbor Restriction
Authors: Liu Jiafei , Zhou Shuming , Cheng Eddie , Chen Gaolin , Li Min
Published: November 2021

Multiprocessor systems are commonly deployed for big data analysis because of evolution in technologies such as cloud computing, IoT, social network and so on. Reliability evaluation is of significant importance for maintenance and improvement of fault tolerance for multiprocessor systems, and system-level diagnosis is a primary strategy to identify the faulty processors in the systems. In this paper, we first determine the [Formula: see text]-good-neighbor connectivity of the [Formula: see text]-dimensional Bicube-based multiprocessor system [Formula: see text], a novel variant of hypercube. Besides, we establish the [Formula: see text]-good-neighbor diagnosability of the Bicube-based multiprocessor system [Formula: see text] under the PMC and MM* models.
Preparation and Characterization of the Organic Thin Film Transistors by Adopting the ZnPc0.5-PbPc0.5 Co-Deposited Material as the Active Layer
Authors: Xu Lei , Zhu Min , Lin Xiaohao
Published: November 2021

The organic film co-deposited by Zinc Phthalocyanine (ZnPc) and Lead Phthalocyanine (PbPc) was used as the active layer of the vertical organic film diode, and we obtained the co-deposition ratio of the devices with the better performance of 1:1. We made the vertical organic thin film transistor (VOTFT) with the same process again, compared the co-deposited VOTFT with the VOTFT with a single organic material (ZnPc, PbPc) as the active layer and tested the static operating characteristics of the device. The results show that the carrier mobility of ZnPc-PbPc-VOTFT is more than three times higher than that of ZnPc-VOTF and PbPc-VOTFT. When [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]V and [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]V, the output current [Formula: see text] of ZnPc-PbPc-VOTFT is up to 0.2[Formula: see text]mA, which is 12 times that of ZnPc-VOTFT and 27 times that of PbPc-VOTFT. Overall, the electrical performance of ZnPc-PbPc-VOTFT is better than ZnPc-VOTFT and PbPc-VOTFT.
Enriching Conventional Ensemble Learner with Deep Contextual Semantics to Detect Fake News in Urdu
Authors: Saeed Ramsha , Afzal Hammad , Abbas Haider , Fatima Maheen
Published: November 2021

Increased connectivity has contributed greatly in facilitating rapid access to information and reliable communication. However, the uncontrolled information dissemination has also resulted in the spread of fake news. Fake news might be spread by a group of people or organizations to serve ulterior motives such as political or financial gains or to damage a country’s public image. Given the importance of timely detection of fake news, the research area has intrigued researchers from all over the world. Most of the work for detecting fake news focuses on the English language. However, automated detection of fake news is important irrespective of the language used for spreading false information. Recognizing the importance of boosting research on fake news detection for low resource languages, this work proposes a novel semantically enriched technique to effectively detect fake news in Urdu—a low resource language. A model based on deep contextual semantics learned from the convolutional neural network is proposed. The features learned from the convolutional neural network are combined with other n-gram-based features and are fed to a conventional majority voting ensemble classifier fitted with three base learners: Adaptive Boosting, Gradient Boosting, and Multi-Layer Perceptron. Experiments are performed with different models, and results show that enriching the traditional ensemble learner with deep contextual semantics along with other standard features shows the best results and outperforms the state-of-the-art Urdu fake news detection model.
Photon-Driven Neural Reconstruction for Path Guiding
Authors: Zhu Shilin , Xu Zexiang , Sun Tiancheng , Kuznetsov Alexandr , Meyer Mark , Jensen Henrik Wann , Su Hao , Ramamoorthi Ravi
Published: November 2021

Although Monte Carlo path tracing is a simple and effective algorithm to synthesize photo-realistic images, it is often very slow to converge to noise-free results when involving complex global illumination. One of the most successful variance-reduction techniques is path guiding, which can learn better distributions for importance sampling to reduce pixel noise. However, previous methods require a large number of path samples to achieve reliable path guiding. We present a novel neural path guiding approach that can reconstruct high-quality sampling distributions for path guiding from a sparse set of samples, using an offline trained neural network. We leverage photons traced from light sources as the primary input for sampling density reconstruction, which is effective for challenging scenes with strong global illumination. To fully make use of our deep neural network, we partition the scene space into an adaptive hierarchical grid, in which we apply our network to reconstruct high-quality sampling distributions for any local region in the scene. This allows for effective path guiding for arbitrary path bounce at any location in path tracing. We demonstrate that our photon-driven neural path guiding approach can generalize to diverse testing scenes, often achieving better rendering results than previous path guiding approaches and opening up interesting future directions.
Choline Chloride-Carboxylic Acid Based Deep Eutectic Solvents as Advantageous Electrolytes for Direct Electrochemical Conversion of Tin Oxide to Tin
Authors: Chen Yi-Hsueh , Chen Po-Yu , Sun I-Wen
Published: November 2021

Tin oxide (SnO2) pastes prepared by mixing SnO2 powder and various choline chloride (ChCl)-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were coated onto screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) and directly converted to tin (Sn) metal via potentiostatic electrolysis in the corresponding DESs. It is found that a successful conversion could be achieved in the carboxylic acid-containing DESs rather than in the acid-free DESs, which indicates that the organic acid is the key for the direct electrochemical conversion from a metal oxide to metal. This process may be expanded to the extraction of metals from used metal oxides that are insoluble in water as well as the recent DESs without inconvenient and/or harsh processes.
The role of fixation disengagement and oculomotor preparation in gap saccade task is gap-duration dependent
Authors: Li Bing , Guang Jing , Zhang Mingsha
Published: November 2021

While performing the gap saccade task, the role of fixation disengagement and oculomotor preparation in modulating the internal brain state is gap-duration dependent. Fixation disengagement plays a primary role when gap duration is shorter (100 ms), whereas oculomotor preparation plays a primary role when gap duration is longer (200 ms and 400 ms).
Influence of Internet Language Violence on Young Students’ Mental Health and Intervention Countermeasures
Authors: Shi Xiaoqin , Yu Chao , Wu Dongmei
Published: November 2021

With the development of the Internet, it has increasingly become an indispensable product in people’s lives, but many problems have arisen with it. Internet language violence is one of them. At present, the main Internet users in my country are young people, and online language violence brings extremely serious psychological problems to young students. In order to understand the current mental health of young students and the impact of online language violence on them, this article investigates the students in the city’s no. 1 middle school, filters the data through decision tree analysis, and judges online language through the psychological symptoms self-rating scale. The mental health symptom self-rating scale has the characteristics of large capacity, abundant symptoms, and more accurate description of the subject’s conscious symptoms. It contains a wide range of psychiatric symptoms, from feelings, emotions, thinking, consciousness, and behavior to life habits, interpersonal relationships, eating, and sleeping, and it uses 10 factors to reflect the psychological symptoms in 10 aspects. It has good distinguishing ability for people with psychological symptoms (that is, they may be on the edge of psychological disorder or mental disorder). The chi-square statistical method is used to analyze the basic characteristics of different youth groups of verbal violence. For the research content, the school surveys all schools and adopts questionnaire surveys and case studies to analyze the factors that influence youths’ attribution of online violence behaviors and make recommendations. The impact of violence on young students will be analyzed later through psychological intervention. The results of the study found that online language violence caused serious harm to young people’s psychology and caused students’ depression, anxiety, and other mental illnesses. Active psychological interventions can effectively alleviate students’ mental health. The improvement of students’ mental health is the most obvious. The score improved by nearly 10%.
Big Data‐Driven Macroeconomic Forecasting Model and Psychological Decision Behavior Analysis for Industry 4.0
Authors: Liu Jie
Published: November 2021

With the advent of Industry 4.0, economic development has become a rapid information age. The content of macroeconomic forecast is very extensive, and the existence of big data technology can provide the government with multilevel, diversified, and complete information and comprehensively process, integrate, summarize, and classify these pieces of information. This paper forecasts the CPI value in the next 12 months according to the CPI in China in the recent 20 years. Compared with the traditional forecasting methods, the forecasting results have higher accuracy and timeliness. At the same time, the trend of growth rate of industrial value‐added is analyzed, and the experiments on MAE and RMSE show that the method proposed in this paper has obvious advantages. It also analyzes the disadvantages of traditional psychological decision‐making behavior analysis, introduces the development status and advantages of big data‐driven psychological decision‐making behavior analysis, and opens up new research ideas for psychological decision‐making analysis.
Finite-Time Stability of Solutions for Nonlinear
q
-Fractional Difference Coupled Delay Systems
Authors: Wang Jingfeng , Bai Chuanzhi
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we investigate and prove a new discrete

q

-fractional version of the coupled Gronwall inequality. By applying this result, the finite-time stability criteria of solutions for a class of nonlinear

q

-fractional difference coupled delay systems are obtained. As an application, an example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of our result.
Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control Method for AUV Buoyancy Regulation System
Authors: Zhao Wende , Wang Decheng , Chu Zhenzhong , Zhang Mingjun
Published: November 2021

This paper investigates the control problem of the buoyancy regulation system for autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV). There are some problems to be considered in the oil‐water conversion‐based buoyancy regulation system, including the external seawater pressure, the pressure fluctuations, and the slow switching speed of the ball valve. The control accuracy of the buoyancy regulation under the traditional PID controller cannot meet the requirements of the project. In this paper, a fuzzy sliding mode control scheme is developed for the buoyancy regulation system to solve the abovementioned problems. At first, a mathematical model of the buoyancy regulation system is established, and the stability of the system is analyzed. Then, the sliding mode control algorithm is combined with the fuzzy system to improve the control accuracy. Finally, the pool‐experiment results on a prototype show that the developed control scheme can meet the requirements of the control accuracy for the buoyancy regulation system.
Conversion Surgery for Patients with Advanced Gastric Cancer with Peritoneal Carcinomatosis
Authors: Lee Ting-Ying , Liao Guo-Shiou , Fan Hsiu-Lung , Hsieh Chung-Bao , Chen Teng-Wei , Chan De-Chuan
Published: November 2021

Background. Patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC) with peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) usually have poor outcomes and high mortality risk, even with cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). This study analyzed the prognostic factors of AGC with PC and evaluated laparoscopic HIPEC (LHIPEC) plus neoadjuvant intraperitoneal and systemic chemotherapy (NIPS) as a conversion surgery for AGC patients with PC with a poor initial prognosis. Patient and Methods. We retrospectively evaluated 127 patients with AGC and PC from January 1, 2012, to March 1, 2020. After the exclusion of 32 ineligible patients, the conversion group comprised 34 patients who underwent LHIPEC + NIPS as a conversion surgery followed by CRS plus HIPEC. The CRS + HIPEC group included 15 patients who underwent CRS with HIPEC alone. Additionally, the C/T group comprised 23 patients who received systemic chemotherapy, and the palliative group comprised 23 patients who received only conservative therapy or palliative gastrectomy. Results. The conversion group demonstrated a significantly better mean overall survival compared to the CRS + HIPEC, C/T, and palliative groups (

p
<
0.001

). Patients in the conversion group who underwent LHIPEC + NIPS had significantly decreased peritoneal cancer index (PCI) scores (

p
<
0.001

) and ascites (

p
=
0.003

). Malignant ascites amount also significantly decreased after treatment in the LHIPEC + NIPS group (

p
<
0.001

). Conclusions. LHIPEC + NIPS can significantly improve the overall survival, the PCI score, and malignant ascites amount in peritoneal cytology-positive gastric cancer with PC, and an initially high PCI score. Therefore, it may be a feasible conversion strategy for AGC patients with PC.
Characteristics of Stratum Structure and Fracture Evolution in Stratified Mining of Shallow Buried High-Gas-Thick Coal Seam by Similarity Simulation
Authors: Guangpeng Qin , Jing Cao , Chao Wang , Shuo Wu , Minghua Zhai
Published: November 2021

The stratified mining of super thick coal seam is a process of repeated disturbance of the top roof, especially in the lower stratification, the upper complex rock layer has a greater settlement space, resulting in great changes in the strata structure and fissure distribution. The main coal seam thickness of Rujigou Coal Mine exceeds 20 m, due to the high gas content of the coal seam, it is prone to spontaneous combustion, and the stratified mining method is adopted. When a small-size section coal pillar (less than 10 m) is used, the complex rock structure evolution and fissure development characteristics during the stratified mining of shallow buried thick coal seam will directly affect the movement of gas transportation between the working face and the goaf and will directly affect the safety of the working face. Taking Rujigou coal mine as engineering background, this paper analyzes the breaking structure, fracture development, and evolution law of overlying strata in different layers and different sections of coal seam when the buried depth is shallow, and the extra-thick coal seam is stratified mining. The results show that in the process of stratified mining, the overlying strata break, in addition to the whole trapezoidal failure structure, will also form a local F type fracture structure, and with the stratified downward mining, the F type fracture structure will continue to move up and disappear until it is compacted. The “V” type and “U” type subsidence characteristics of different strata overburden are presented after mining in stratified working face of extra-thick coal seam, and the subsidence amount is approximately symmetrical distribution along the middle line of goaf. In the mining process of the lower part of the layer, the end broken rock block is easy to slip along the hinge point by the hinged rock beam structure, and the sliding instability occurs. In the process of stratified mining of ultrathick coal seam, the main fissure of overburden is mainly longitudinal fissure, and it is very easy to form through with the upper layer and will finally connect with the surface under the condition of shallow buried depth. The inclined cracks connected with the adjacent goaf are formed above the coal pillar of the section, which becomes the passage of gas migration in the goaf. The research conclusion shows that for the stratified mining of high gas thick coal seam, special attention should be paid to the treatment of the gas on the stratified working face. In addition to the conventional gas treatment measures such as coal seam prepumping, the buried pipe pumping in the mining area can also be adopted, which can effectively reduce the gas concentration of the working surface.
Tubeimoside I Ameliorates Myocardial Ischemia‐Reperfusion Injury through SIRT3‐Dependent Regulation of Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis
Authors: Lv Dingyi , Luo Minghao , Cheng Zhe , Wang Ruiyu , Yang Xiyang , Guo Yongzheng , Huang Longxiang , Li Xiang , Huang Bi , Shen Jian , Luo Suxin , Yan Jianghong
Published: November 2021

Myocardial ischemia‐reperfusion injury (MIRI) is a phenomenon that reperfusion leads to irreversible damage to the myocardium and increases mortality in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients. There is no effective drug to treat MIRI. Tubeimoside I (TBM) is a triterpenoid saponin purified from Chinese traditional medicine tubeimu. In this study, 4 mg/kg TBM was given to mice intraperitoneally at 15 min after ischemia. And TBM treatment improved postischemic cardiac function, decreased infarct size, diminished lactate dehydrogenase release, ameliorated oxidative stress, and reduced apoptotic index. Notably, ischemia‐reperfusion induced a significant decrease in cardiac SIRT3 expression and activity, while TBM treatment upregulated SIRT3’s expression and activity. However, the cardioprotective effects of TBM were largely abolished by a SIRT3 inhibitor 3‐(1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl) pyridine (3‐TYP). This suggests that SIRT3 plays an essential role in TBM’s cardioprotective effects. In vitro, TBM also protected H9c2 cells against simulated ischemia/reperfusion (SIR) injury by attenuating oxidative stress and apoptosis, and siSIRT3 diminished its protective effects. Taken together, our results demonstrate for the first time that TBM protects against MIRI through SIRT3‐dependent regulation of oxidative stress and apoptosis. TBM might be a potential drug candidate for MIRI treatment.
Distribution Characteristics of Heavy Metals and Pb Isotope in Profile Soils from a Mining and Smelting Area in Northwestern China
Authors: He Bihong , Xie Weixue , Wang Yuhui , Zhang Wentao , Ma Xueyun , Liang Jianjun , Li Ping , Fan Qiaohui
Published: November 2021

The distribution characteristics of typical heavy metals (HMs) and Pb isotopic compositions in profile soils from different areas were investigated in Baiyin district, northwest China. The soil samples from the ore district and the sewage irrigation area showed an obvious enrichment of HMs in different depths, and the difference in the longitudinal migration depth of Pb, Cu, Zn, and Cd was insignificant, which might be due to the migration behavior of HMs mainly controlled by carbonate in alkaline soil. With the sewage irrigation activities, the content of soil organic matter was no longer the main controlling factor for the migration behavior of HMs. In ore district and sewage irrigation area, the HMs contents of nonresidual fractions in topsoil were much higher than that in the corresponding deep soil, which indicated that HMs activities in topsoil were significantly high. The Pb isotopic compositions of profile soils indicated that the long-term mining and smelting activities remained the main source of vertical enrichment of HMs in Baiyin district. Moreover, the Pb isotope ratios 206Pb/207Pb of nonresidual fractions (1.1359-1.1916) were all lower than that in the corresponding residual fractions (1.1641-1.2010), showing the characteristics that HMs input from anthropogenic source were in different degrees. The Pb isotopic compositions of residual fractions in the topsoil of ore district and sewage irrigation area (1.1641 and 1.1703) were between the two end-members composed of background soil and local mineral samples, which suggested that some anthropogenic HMs might enter into the residual components in the soil that was greatly affected by the input of HMs.
The Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine Based on Semi-Targeted Metabolomics to Improve IVF Outcomes in Senile Patients
Authors: Ma Ying-Jie , Yuan Li-Hua , Xiao Ji-Mei , Jiang Hua-Ying , Sa Yuan-Hong , Sun Hong-Qi , Song Jing-Yan , Sun Zhen-Gao
Published: November 2021

Objective. To identify the biological function and metabolic pathway of differential metabolites in follicular fluid of senile patients with kidney qi deficiency undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) and observe the effect of kidney-invigorating herbs on IVF outcomes in senile patients. Methods. A total of 95 women undergoing IVF treatment were recruited and divided into three groups, including 34 cases in the treatment group (the senile patients with kidney qi deficiency after the intervention of Chinese medicine), 31 cases in the experiment group (the senile patients with kidney qi deficiency of no intervention of Chinese medicine), and 30 cases in the control group (young women with infertility due to male factor). The three groups of women were treated with long protocol ovarian hyperstimulation; the treatment group was given Qi-Zi-Yu-Si decoction on the day of HCG downregulation. Their IVF clinical outcomes were observed. The metabolites changes of kidney qi deficiency syndrome were analyzed in follicular fluid metabolomics using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Results. The syndrome score of kidney qi deficiency syndrome in the treatment group was significantly improved after treatment (P<0.01). Compared with the experiment group, the available embryo rate and implantation rate were increased, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Progesterone, indoleacrylic acid, 2-propenyl 1-(1-propenylsulfinyl) propyl disulfide, N-acetyltryptophan, decanoylcarnitine, 20a-dihydroprogesterone, testosterone acetate, eicosatrienoic acid, 1H-indole-3-carboxaldehyde, choline, phosphorylcholine, and tryptophan were downregulated in the treatment group. Through pathway analysis, glycerophospholipid metabolism and steroid hormone biosynthesis were regulated in senile patients with kidney qi deficiency after Qi-Zi-Yu-Si decoction intervention. Conclusion. Qi-Zi-Yu-Si decoction can effectively improve the IVF outcome and clinical symptoms of senile patients. Follicular fluid metabolites were significantly changed in senile infertile women with kidney qi deficiency, and the mechanism by which kidney-invigorating herbs improve IVF treatment outcomes may be related to glycerophospholipid metabolism and steroid hormone biosynthesis. This study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ChiCTR1800014422).
An Efficient Algorithm for Ill-Conditioned Separable Nonlinear Least Squares
Authors: Wang Jiayan , Guo Lanlan , Li Zongmin , Wang Xueqin , Fu Zhengqing
Published: November 2021

For separable nonlinear least squares models, a variable projection algorithm based on matrix factorization is studied, and the ill-conditioning of the model parameters is considered in the specific solution process of the model. When the linear parameters are estimated, the Tikhonov regularization method is used to solve the ill-conditioned problems. When the nonlinear parameters are estimated, the QR decomposition, Gram–Schmidt orthogonalization decomposition, and SVD are applied in the Jacobian matrix. These methods are then compared with the method in which the variables are not separated. Numerical experiments are performed using RBF neural network data, and the experimental results are analyzed in terms of both qualitative and quantitative indicators. The results show that the proposed algorithms are effective and robust.
Improved Outside-In Suture through the Joint Capsule to Repair the Palmer I-B Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex Superficial Injury
Authors: Xu Tonglong , Pan Xiaoyun , Mi Jingyi
Published: November 2021

Background. The treatment of type I-B triangular fibrocartilage complex superficial injury is always a challenge to orthopedists. The traditional outside-in suture method often causes a risk of nervous irritation. We designed a modified outside-in suture through the joint capsule to repair the Palmer I-B triangular fibrocartilage complex superficial injury. Methods. From December 2014 to December 2018, we retrospectively collected the medical records of 18 patients in our hospital who used the modified outside-in suture through the joint capsule to repair type I-B triangular fibrocartilage complex superficial injury. Among them, there were 12 males and 6 females, with an average age of 36.2 years. There were 6 cases on the left side and 12 cases on the right side. Record the healing time of all patients after surgery and the occurrence of related complications, and record the pain visual analogue scale (VAS), grip strength, wrist flexion and extension, radioulnar deviation and forearm rotation range of motion, modified Mayo wrist joint function score, and disability of arm-shoulder-hand (DASH) score before operation and at the last follow-up. Results. One patient was lost to follow-up, and a total of 17 patients received the final follow-up. Patients were followed up for 24 to 36 months, with an average of

29.6
±
3.0

months. No wound infection, nerve damage, or irritation occurred after the operation. At the last follow-up, 15 cases of wrist pain disappeared completely, and 2 cases had mild discomfort during exercise. At the last follow-up, VAS decreased from

3.8
±
0.7

points before operation to

0.8
±
0.7

points (

P
<
0.05

); grip strength increased from

15.1
±
3.1

 kg before operation to

23.2
±
1.5

 kg (

P
<
0.05

); wrist flexion and extension, radioulnar deflection, and forearm rotational mobility increased from

116.3
±
2.2

°,

37.0
±
3.5

°, and

141.6
±
2.2

° before operation to

117.2
±
2.5

° (

P
<
0.05

),

38.9
±
3.0

° (

P
<
0.05

), and

142.4
±
1.9

° (

P
<
0.05

), respectively; the modified Mayo wrist joint function score increased from

66.1
±
3.6

points to

82.5
±
3.9

points (

P
<
0.05

), of which 10 cases were excellent, 5 cases were good, 2 cases were fair, and the excellent and good rate was 88.2%; DASH score improved from

37.0
±
5.7

points preoperatively to

8.0
±
2.5

points (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. The modified outside-in suture through the joint capsule to repair the superficial injury of Palmer I-B triangular fibrocartilage complex has a good clinical effect and is worthy of clinical widespread promotion.
Reevaluation of NOD/SCID Mice as NK Cell‐Deficient Models
Authors: Miao Miao , Masengere Henry , Yu Guang , Shan Fengping
Published: November 2021

Objective. Natural killer (NK) cell‐deficient mice are useful models in biomedical research. NOD/SCID mice have been used as a model of this type in research. However, the actual status of NK cells in NOD/SCID mice and CB17/SCID mice in comparison with that in BALB/c mice has not been sufficiently evaluated. Methods. Splenocytes from naïve or poly(I:C)‐treated mice were isolated for phenotyping and analysis of cytotoxicity‐related molecules and inhibitory receptors; for cytotoxicity assay, purified NK cells were also used. Results. The proportion of splenic NK cells did not differ significantly between NOD/SCID and CB17/SCID mice. The perforin levels in NK cells were similar between the poly(I:C)‐treated CB17/SCID and NOD/SCID mice, while the granzyme B and NKG2A/C/E levels in NK cells from NOD/SCID mice were significantly lower than those from CB17/SCID mice. Moreover, the NKG2D and Ly49A levels in NK cells from NOD/SCID mice were higher than those from CB17/SCID. The splenocytes from CB17/SCID mice showed higher cytotoxicity than those from NOD/SCID mice, while the cytotoxicity of purified NK cells basically did not differ between the two strains. After in vitro stimulation with cytokines, the splenocytes from CB17/SCID mice showed higher IFN‐γ production than those from NOD/SCID mice; however, NK cells did not. Conclusion. There was no significant difference in the proportion of splenic NK cells between CB17/SCID and NOD/SCID mice, and the function of NK cells was only partially compromised in NOD/SCID mice. Caution should be taken when considering the use of NOD/SCID mice as an NK‐deficient model.
Identification of Polyphenolics from Loranthus globosus as Potential Inhibitors of Cholinesterase and Oxidative Stress for Alzheimer’s Disease Treatment
Authors: Kundo Netish Kumar , Manik Md. Imran Nur , Biswas Kushal , Khatun Riniara , Al-Amin Md. Yusuf , Alam A. H. M. K. , Tanaka Toshihisa , Sadik Golam
Published: November 2021

Mistletoes are considered to be the potential medicinal herbs due to their rich traditional uses. Loranthus globosus is a Bangladeshi mango mistletoe that has been reported as folk medicine for various ailments and diseases. In an attempt to explore its effectiveness in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), we investigated the antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of L. globosus. We report that the crude methanol extract (CME) of the plant contains a good amount of polyphenolics and possesses antioxidant and cholinesterase inhibitory activity. Fractionation of CME with solvents of varying polarity revealed the highest activity and polyphenolic content in the ethylacetate fraction (EAF). Correlation analysis revealed a significant (P < 0.05) association of polyphenolics with the antioxidant and cholinesterase inhibitory properties. Using column chromatography with diaion resin, the polyphenolics (EAF‐PP) were isolated from the EAF that displayed the potent antioxidant and cholinesterase inhibitory activities. Kinetic analysis showed that EAF‐PP exhibited a competitive type of inhibition. A total of thirty‐six compounds including catechin and its different derivatives were identified in the EAF‐PP by LC/MS analysis. Bioactivity‐guided separation approach afforded the isolation of the two major active compounds catechin and catechin dimer from the EAF‐PP. Hence, EAF‐PP represents a potential source of antioxidants and cholinesterase inhibitors, which can be used in the management of AD.
Multilayer Social Network Overlapping Community Detection Algorithm Based on Trust Relationship
Authors: Jia Junjie , Liu Pengtao , Du Xiaojin , Zhang Yuchao
Published: November 2021

Aiming at the problem of the lack of user social attribute characteristics in the process of dividing overlapping communities in multilayer social networks, in this paper, we propose a multilayer social network overlapping community detection algorithm based on trust relationship. By combining structural trust and social attribute trust, we transform a complex multilayer social network into a single‐layer trust network. We obtain the community structure according to the community discovery algorithm based on trust value and merge communities with higher overlap. The experimental comparison and analysis are carried out on the synthetic network and the real network, respectively. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has higher harmonic mean and modularity than other algorithms of the same type.
Retrograde Pyelography in the Presence of Urothelial Bladder Cancer Does Not Affect the Risk of Upper Tract Urothelial Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis of a Single-Centre Cohort
Authors: Püllen Lukas , Kaspar Cordelia , Panic Andrej , Hess Jochen , Reis Henning , Szarvas Tibor , Radtke Jan Philipp , Krafft Ulrich , Darr Christopher , Hadaschik Boris , Tschirdewahn Stephan
Published: November 2021

Objective: Patients with bladder cancer (BC) are at risk of developing upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). Therefore, CT urography is recommended for follow-up. To avoid intravenous contrast agents, retrograde pyelography (RPG) is an alternative. However, it is still unclear whether RPG increases the incidence of UTUC. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of RPG in the presence of BC on the risk of developing UTUC. Patients and Methods: Retrospectively analysing a total of 3,680 RPGs between 2009 and 2016, all patients with simultaneous BC (group 1) and those without synchronous BC (group 2) during RPG were compared. All patients were risk stratified according to the EORTC bladder calculator. In patients without BC during RPG, risk stratification was based on the worst prior tumour characteristics. Results: A total of 145 patients with a history of BC were analysed. Of these, 112 patients underwent RPG with simultaneous BC. UTUC developed in 6 of 112 patients (5.4%) and 58.9% (66/112) had high-risk BC according to the EORTC bladder calculator. In the control group, one out of 33 (3%) patients with metachronous high-risk BC developed UTUC. Conclusions: Using RPG in the presence of BC did not increase the risk of UTUC. Due to the predominant number of high-risk/high-grade tumours, individual tumour biology appears to be the primary driver for the development of UTUC.
Renin-Angiotensin System Blockade Is Associated with Exercise Capacity, Sympathetic Activity, and Endothelial Function in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Jeong Jin Hee , Sprick Justin D. , DaCosta Dana , Quyyumi Arshed A. , Park Jeanie
Published: November 2021

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients have exercise intolerance and exaggerated blood pressure reactivity during exercise that are mediated by sympathetic nervous system (SNS) overactivation and decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. The activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) increases SNS activation and reduces NO synthesis, and prior studies suggest that RAS blockade attenuates declines in physical function. We hypothesized that RAS inhibitor (RASi) use is associated with higher exercise capacity mediated by decreased SNS activity and increased NO-dependent endothelial function in CKD. Method: In 35 CKD patients (57 ± 7 years) and 20 controls (CONs) (53 ± 8 years), we measured exercise capacity (peak oxygen consumption [VO2peak]), muscle sympathetic nervous activity (MSNA), and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) for NO-dependent endothelial function. Results: CKD patients treated with RASi (CKD + RASi, n = 25) had greater VO2peak than CKD patients not treated with RASi (CKD no RASi, n = 10), but lower VO2peak than CONs (23.3 ± 5.8 vs. 16.4 ± 2.9, p = 0.007; vs. 30.0 ± 7.7, p = 0.016 mL/min/kg, respectively). CKD + RASi had lower resting MSNA and greater FMD than CKD no RASi. Compared to CONs, CKD + RASi had similar MSNA but lower FMD. VO2peak was positively associated with FMD (r = 0.417, p = 0.038) and was predicted by the combination of FMD and RASi status (r2 = 0.344, p = 0.01) and MSNA and RASi status (r2 = 0.575, p = 0.040) in CKD patients. Conclusion: In summary, CKD patients with RASi have higher exercise capacity than those not on RASi. Higher exercise capacity in the RASi-treated group was associated with lower resting SNS activity and higher NO-dependent vascular endothelial function.