bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Causal debiasing for unknown bias in histopathology—A colon cancer use case
Authors: Correa-Medero Ramón L. , Pai Rish , Ebare Kingsley , Buchanan Daniel D. , Jenkins Mark A. , Phipps Amanda I. , Newcomb Polly A. , Gallinger Steven , Grant Robert , Le marchand Loic , Banerjee Imon
Published: November 2024

Advancement of AI has opened new possibility for accurate diagnosis and prognosis using digital histopathology slides which not only saves hours of expert effort but also makes the estimation more standardized and accurate. However, preserving the AI model performance on the external sites is an extremely challenging problem in the histopathology domain which is primarily due to the difference in data acquisition and/or sampling bias. Although, AI models can also learn spurious correlation, they provide unequal performance across validation population. While it is crucial to detect and remove the bias from the AI model before the clinical application, the cause of the bias is often unknown. We proposed a Causal Survival model that can reduce the effect of unknown bias by leveraging the causal reasoning framework. We use the model to predict recurrence-free survival for the colorectal cancer patients using quantitative histopathology features from seven geographically distributed sites and achieve equalized performance compared to the baseline traditional Cox Proportional Hazards and DeepSurvival model. Through ablation study, we demonstrated benefit of novel addition of latent probability adjustment and auxiliary losses. Although detection of cause of unknown bias is unsolved, we proposed a causal debiasing solution to reduce the bias and improve the AI model generalizibility on the histopathology domain across sites. Open-source codebase for the model training can be accessed from https://github.com/ramon349/fair_survival.git
The Influence of Two megsin Polymorphisms on the Progression of IgA Nephropathy
Authors: Maixnerová Dita , Merta M. , Reiterová J. , Štekrová J. , Ryšavá R. , Viklický O. , Obeidová H. , Tesař V.
Published: November 2024

The clinical course of chronic renal diseases and their progression to ESRD is highly variable. The strongest predictors of poor outcome of IgAN involve hypertension, severe proteinuria and elevated serum creatinine level. Different candidate gene polymorphisms have been advocated as possible modulators of the progression of IgAN. Megsin belongs to the serpin superfamily and was mapped to chromosome 18q21.3. Megsin plays a role in the regulation of a wide variety of processes in mesangial cells, such as matrix metabolism, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Overexpression of Megsin might lead to mesangial dysfunction, and impair degradation of the mesangial matrix and disposal of immune complexes. The expression of Megsin is upregulated in a variety of glomerular diseases with mesangial injury in humans and in animal models. We investigated a possible association of two C2093T, C2180T polymorphisms of the megsin gene with the progression of IgAN towards ESRD, as well as the haplotype reconstruction of megsin gene polymorphisms and clinical manifestation of IgAN. We examined a group of 197 pts with histologically proven IGAN (84 pts with normal renal function, 113 pts with progressive renal insufficiency); as a control group we used 61 genetically unrelated healthy subjects. DNA samples from collected blood were genotyped for two singlenucleotide polymorphisms of megsin C2093T, C2180T by means of PCR with defined primers, electrophoresis on 2% agarose gel, UV light visualization and direct sequencing. The megsin genotype distribution showed no differences among the groups of IgAN with normal renal function, progressive renal insufficiency and the control group. According to haplotype analysis, the TT haplotype (defined as T-2093, T-2180 alleles) was substantially more frequent in pts with IgAN and normal renal function (Table 1, P = 0.025; Table 3, P = 0.062). Pts in the progressive group showed significantly higher levels of 24-h UP (3.53 ± 2.80 vs 2.06 ± 2.06, P = 0.042; Table 10), diastolic blood pressure (92.89 ± 15.66 vs 84.93 ± 10.43, P = 0.047; Table 10) and almost significantly systolic blood pressure (150.79 ± 32.88 vs 135.21 ± 14.88, P = 0.058; Table 10). We confirmed the negative prognostic influence of hypertension and proteinuria on the progression of IgAN in Czech pts. We found out that the TT haplotype (defined as T-2093, T-2180 alleles) could play a protective role in the progression of IgAN. In our Czech population, we excluded the negative influence of the 2093C-2180T haplotype, which was proposed by Chinese studies.
Just Independence Wars and the October 7th Massacre
Authors: Benbaji Yitzhak
Published: November 2024

This essay explores a view held by many critics of Israel, which posits that the October 7th massacre is a war crime that is part of a just war of independence, fought by Palestinians against Israel for over a century. Raef Zreik recently presented such a view in these pages. However, this essay argues that a proper understanding of traditional just war theory renders this view false. Even if Zionism is considered a colonial wrong, Palestinians did not have a just cause for war against Zionism until after the Six-Day War in 1967 and perhaps later. Furthermore, the essay contends that the massacre is not a part of this war, as Hamas lacks the moral power to represent the Palestinian people and to fight in their name.
Précis of Philosophizing the Indefensible
Authors: Nili Shmuel
Published: November 2024

This book asks what distinctive contributions political philosophers might make when reflecting on obvious moral failures in public policy. I defend a particular kind of contribution: I argue that political philosophers can and should craft ‘strategic’ arguments for public policy reforms, showing how morally urgent reforms can be grounded, for the sake of discussion, even in problematic premises associated with their opponents. The book’s opening chapter provides a general defense of this approach, situating it within a broader conception of political philosophy’s social responsibilities. Subsequent chapters then apply strategic theorizing to a set of diverse policy issues. These range from the abortion debate and financial regulation in the United States, through controversies surrounding the participation of Arab parties in Israel’s political process, to global issues, such as commercial ties with oil-rich dictatorships, and the bearing of such ties on global climate change.
Грамматика молчания в современной русской поэзии
Authors: Зубова Людмила Владимировна
Published: November 2024

В статье на материале русской поэзии начиная со второй половины ХХ века рассматривается аномальная синтагматика глагола молчать и его дериватов, а также существительного молчание, безличное употребление глагола молчать, плюрализация существительного молчание. Нормативно непереходный глагол молчать часто транзитивируется, он приобретает объектную, адресную, инструментальную, векторную и сирконстантную валентности, встречается в конструкциях с зависимым инфинитивом и сам может быть зависимым инфинитивом другого глагола. Многие контексты сообщают о молчании на каком-либо языке. Современная поэзия показывает, что на молчание переносятся многочисленные грамматические связи глаголов речи и эмоций (говорить, кричать, ругаться, плакать и мн. др.), а также валентности однокоренных слов. Синтагматические аномалии встречаются также в художественных тропах и фигурах: в сравнениях, метафорах, перифразах, оксюморонах, плеоназмах и тавтологических сочетаниях. Некоторые аномалии объясняются компрессией высказываний и фразеологической производностью элементов словосочетаний. Семантика сообщения и несообщения позволяет видеть потенциальную энантиосемию слова молчать. В некоторых случаях обнаруживается этимологическая регенерация глагола молчать и его производных. Таким образом, многие прагматические функции молчания находят в современной поэзии грамматическое выражение в синтаксисе словосочетаний, нарушающем нормативную синтагматику.
Hyaluronic acid/κ-carrageenan films for mupirocin-controlled delivery
Authors: de Sousa Tamara Rodrigues , de Santana Sayza Dias , Cavallini Grasiele Soares , de Souza Nelson Luis Gonçalves Dias
Published: November 2024

The duration of lesions is a matter of public health concern and requires the development and application of new materials to achieve satisfactory results in disease treatment. Polymeric films are promising options for controlled drug delivery, enabling improved drug delivery and treatment efficiency. The aim of this study is to develop natural polymeric films for the controlled release of mupirocin. Films based on combinations of κ-carrageenan and hyaluronic acid, crosslinked with Zn2+, were developed. Vibrational spectroscopy (Raman and infrared spectroscopies) was used to characterize the chemical structure and crosslinking process. Micro-Raman imaging and scanning electron microscopy were employed to observe the spatial distribution of the polymers and morphology of the samples, respectively. The uniformity of mass, thickness, and MUP concentration was, respectively, 0.0082 ± 0.0021 g, 0.2500 ± 0.0354 mm, and 3.751 ± 0.6242 % for film 1; 0.0045 ± 0.0009 g, 0.1000 ± 0.0224 mm, and 4.086 ± 0.3673 % for film 2; and 0.0030 ± 0.0010 g, 0.1000 ± 0.0606 mm, and 4.052 ± 0.3468 % for film 3. The percentages of antibiotics present in the films were lower than the total amount of antibiotics added (8.0 %), suggesting that losses occurred during film production. Swelling and release kinetics studies showed that the films had a good swelling capacity and controlled the drug release process. The antibacterial activities of the films against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was determined using the inhibition zone method. The best activity was observed for the films containing 50 % hyaluronic acid and 50 % carrageenan. The results demonstrated that the carbohydrates used and crosslinking process can potentially be utilized for the controlled delivery of mupirocin.
Neoadjuvant treatment of esophageal cancer: chemotherapy, chemoradiation, immunotherapy, and future trends of therapy
Authors: Malekzada Freschta , Vladimiriov Miljana , Leitz Michael , Michel Julia , Nimzewski Fabian , Hoeppner Jens
Published: November 2024

In the Western hemisphere, nonmetastatic locally advanced esophageal carcinoma is mostly treated in multimodal therapy protocols according to current therapy guidelines. In squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus, neoadjuvant chemoradiation is the favorable option. Unimodal surgical and chemoradiation treatment alternatives show inferior results on this entity. For locally advanced adenocarcinoma of the esophagus perioperative chemotherapy and neoadjuvant chemoradiation have been competing treatment approaches in the recent past. Both are evidence based (class I evidence) and superior compared to unimodal surgery. However, the latest results of head-to-head comparative therapy studies show superior overall survival results for the FLOT regimen of perioperative chemotherapy. Furthermore, immunotherapy and targeted therapy with monoclonal antibodies have become a strong focus of current clinical research. Nivolumab as well as trastuzumab are already an important part of the current standard therapies. In both entities – SCC and AC – a significant quota of patients shows a locoregional complete remission of the tumor in the specimen after modern neoadjuvant therapy and surgical resection. The addition of immunotherapy and targeted therapy to neoadjuvant therapy further increases complete remission rates in defined subgroups according to the results of current studies. Currently, three prospective randomized trials are ongoing on the subject of future possibilities for organ-preserving concepts in case of complete clinical remission (“surgery as needed,” “watch and wait”). It is to be expected for the future that curative short-term and long-term treatment results in locally advanced esophageal carcinoma will significantly improve, particularly due to the additional possibilities of immunotherapy and organ-preserving therapy concepts in postneoadjuvant complete remission.
Introduction
Authors: Borrelli Noemi , Pierini Rachele
Published: November 2024

This volume provides an interdisciplinary exploration of dress, textiles, furniture, and power accessories in the Aegean and ancient Near Eastern societies, examining their roles in expressing social status and identity. The introduction establishes the theoretical framework, drawing from studies on ancient material culture and identity construction. It investigates the role of these elements in social hierarchy, gender roles, and intercultural exchange by analyzing evidence from archaeological findings, iconographic representations, and textual sources. The introduction also outlines the structure of the volume and provides a summary of each contribution. Acknowledgements conclude the introduction, expressing gratitude to those who contributed to the realization of this work.
Body composition assessment measured via bioelectrical impedance analysis in euthyroid children with newly diagnosed Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Authors: Koca Serkan Bilge , Kirkgoz Tarik , Kara Leyla
Published: November 2024

Objectives

The effects of thyroid hormones on body composition are well-known. We aimed to examine the body composition of children with and without Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) while they were still euthyroid.

Methods

Between the ages of 5 and 18, 53 girls and 12 boys in each group, 65 children with HT, and 65 healthy children were included in this study. The Tanita MC-780 MA model was used to evaluate body composition parameters. These are fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), muscle mass (MM), bone mass (BM), total body water (TBW), phase angle, the ratio of muscle mass to fat mass (MFR), basal metabolic rate (BMR), and sarcopenic index (SI). Weight, height, body mass index standard deviation scores (SDSs), and pubertal status were examined. Additionally, TSH, Free-T4, Free-T3, Anti-TPO, Anti-Tg, serum lipid levels, and thyroid volumes were compared.

Results

We observed that TBW (27.5 ± 7.5 kg vs. 24.8 ± 6.6 kg; p=0.029) and BMR (1,403 ± 253 kcal vs. 1,324 ± 200 kcal; p=0.049) were higher in the HT group. These differences are due to differences in age and muscle mass in the male group. The FM, FFM, MM, BM, MFR, SI, and phase angle scores did not differ between females with and without HT in euthyroid children by the BIA method.

Conclusions

There is no significant change in body composition in euthyroid females with HT at admission.
Constant-force photonic projectile for long-distance targeting delivery
Authors: Meng Chun , Ren Yu-Xuan , Lu Fengya , Yu Panpan , Zhou Jinhua , Zhong Min-Cheng
Published: November 2024

Optically controllable delivery of microparticles excites interesting research and applications in various fields because of the noninvasive and noncontact features. However, long-distance delivery with a static low-power light source remains challenging. Here, the constant-force photonic projectile (CFPP) is employed to achieve long-distance delivery of microparticles with a low-power laser beam. The CFPP takes advantage of photon absorption to create a constant optical force within a large range, surpassing traditional tweezers. The concept of CFPP has been experimentally corroborated by remote control over micrometer-sized absorptive particles (APs) using a simple tilted focused beam. At the laser focus, strong photon absorption results in a large constant optical force that ejects the APs along the optical axis. Furthermore, the additional thermal convection field, which attracts particles from a distance into the working range of the CFPP, is utilized to collect the unbound APs for reuse. Finally, we demonstrate the concept of drug delivery by transporting a small microparticle onto a host particle at a remote location. The proposed CFPP provides a new perspective for drug delivery and heat-enhanced photodynamic therapy.
Preparation methodology for the microstructural characterization of diffusion layers in a titanium/steel composite
Authors: Grad M. , Schultheiß U. , Diemar A. , Spieß L. , Noster U.
Published: November 2024

Hot pressing of titanium and carbon steel leads to the formation of a diffusion layer at the interface. Depending on the carbon content of the steel used, it either exclusively contains TiC or additional other phases. In the case of steel with a medium carbon concentration (0.67 wt.% C), a pure TiC layer forms. A preparation methodology was developed to make statements about functional and microstructural properties of the respective layers such as layer thickness, porosity, or grain size. However, apart from the diffusion layer’s microstructure, it also reveals the microstructure of the two base substrates. A comparison based on electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) examinations yields similar results in terms of microstructure. A micrograph analysis based on the new preparation methodology also allows confirming the element distribution measurement by glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES). The methodology therefore provides a way of quickly and reliably controlling the layer formation during the hot pressing process of titanium and carbon steel.
Conversion and characterizations of polypropylene fibers into adsorbent by irradiation, chemically grafting, and their uranium uptake
Authors: Sarfraz Saima , Khan Adil , Rahman Ata Ur
Published: November 2024

This research aims at the cost-effective conversion of polymer into adsorbent used in hydrometallurgy to extract uranium in seawater and effluents from mining sources that harm the organisms/environments. Polypropylene (PP) fibers were grafted with acrylonitrile by irradiation and then chemically converted into amidoxime by treated with hydroxylamine. The grafting success was confirmed gravimetrically. In FT-IR analysis the acrylonitrile (–C≡N–) and amidoxime (–NH2, –OH) acrylonitrile grafted polypropylene peaks are present while the peaks were absent in virgin PP. The degree of crystallinity was counted for the main peaks which come out to be 43.59 % 37.93 % and 29.96 % for virgin, irradiation-grafted nitrile acrylate, and amidoxime groups. Thermal gravimetric analysis shows a single-step degradation for virgin, while the amidoxime grafted polypropylene shows the most stability. The irradiation grafting percentage of nitrile acrylate was 35.19 %. The amidoximated resin exhibited a promising removal of almost 100 % for the 8 weeks of contact time. The selectivity of the adsorbent for uranyl ions removal offers the potential to be used in uranium extraction/hydrometallurgical processes. This innovation holds significant promise for enhancing uranium recovery and reducing environmental impact.
Discrepancies in walking speed measurements post-bed-rest: a comparative analysis of real-world vs. laboratory assessments
Authors: Grassi Marcello , Ritzmann Ramona , Von Der Straten Fiona , Böcker Jonas , Mittag Uwe , Mulder Edwin , Daumer Martin , Rittweger Jörn
Published: November 2024

Objectives

Understanding differences between real-world walking speed (RWS) and laboratory-measured walking speed (LWS) is crucial for comprehensive mobility assessments, especially in context of prolonged immobilization. This study aimed to investigate disparities in walking speed following a 60-day bed-rest period.

Methods

In 11 male participants, RWS was continuously monitored using a tri-axial accelerometer worn on the waist, while LWS was assessed via a 10-m walk test at preferred speed, on three different study days after immobilization. Statistical analyses included Bland–Altman and Pearson’s correlation to evaluate agreement between RWS and LWS, alongside paired-sample t-tests and univariate linear regression models to assess significance of differences and temporal effects on gait speed.

Results

Results of Bland-Altman analysis showed no agreement between RWS and LWS (mean difference 0.77 m/s) and nonsignificant correlation (r=0.19, p-value=0.3). Paired-sample t-tests indicated significantly lower RWS compared to LWS for all study days (p-value <0.001). Univariate linear regression models demonstrated a significant effect of test day on RWS (p-value <0.001) but not on LWS (p-value=0.23).

Conclusions

These findings emphasize the importance of integrating both assessments to capture comprehensive mobility changes following prolonged periods of inactivity. Particularly significant is that RWS is constantly lower than LWS, with the former being more representative as it reflects what normally participants would do when not under observation. Lastly, understanding discrepancies between RWS and LWS would allow for more appropriate rehabilitation programs to speed up recovery while simultaneously keeping the rehabilitation safe and tailored.
Nicotinic acid improves mitochondrial function and associated transcriptional pathways in older inactive males
Authors: Deane Colleen S. , Willis Craig R. G. , Gallagher Iain J. , Brook Matthew S. , Gharahdaghi Nima , Wylie Lee J. , Wilkinson Daniel J. , Smith Kenneth , Atherton Philip J. , Etheridge Timothy
Published: November 2024

Objectives

To examine the effect of the NAD+ precursor, nicotinic acid (NA), for improving skeletal muscle status in sedentary older people.

Methods

In a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled design, 18 sedentary yet otherwise healthy older (65–75 y) males were assigned to 2-weeks of NA (acipimox; 250 mg × 3 daily, n=8) or placebo (PLA, n=10) supplementation. At baseline, and after week 1 and week 2 of supplementation, a battery of functional, metabolic, and molecular readouts were measured.

Results

Resting and submaximal respiratory exchange ratio was lower (p<0.05) after 2 weeks in the NA group only, but maximal aerobic and anaerobic function and glucose handling were unchanged (p>0.05). Bayesian statistical modelling identified that leak, maximal coupled and maximal uncoupled mitochondrial respiratory states, increased over the 2-week supplemental period in the NA group (probability for a positive change (pd) 85.2, 90.8 and 95.9 %, respectively) but not in PLA. Citrate synthase and protein content of complex II (SDHB) and V (ATP5A) electron transport chain (ETC) components increased over the 2-week period in the NA group only (pd 95.1, 74.5 and 82.3 %, respectively). Mitochondrial and myofibrillar protein synthetic rates remained unchanged in both groups. NA intake altered the muscle transcriptome by increasing the expression of gene pathways related to cell adhesion/cytoskeleton organisation and inflammation/immunity and decreasing pathway expression of ETC and aerobic respiration processes. NAD+-specific pathways (e.g., de novo NAD+ biosynthetic processes) and genes (e.g., NADSYN1) were uniquely regulated by NA.

Conclusions

NA might be an effective strategy for improving ageing muscle mitochondrial health.
How to better realise the potential of automatic dishwashing to reduce the energy (and water) use in European households: introduction of a ‘short eco’ programme
Authors: Stamminger Rainer , Bockmühl Dirk P.
Published: November 2024

Despite the fact that dishwashers have been optimised in recent decades in response to policy requirements, consumers still use more energy and water than necessary. This has been deeply investigated by two research groups with complementary approaches and published in this journal. When translating these scientific findings into recommendations, it is essential to ensure that these recommendations can be easily integrated into consumers’ everyday lives and do not lead to significant failures or disappointments that result in compensatory behaviours among consumers and consume even more resources. In this context, the authors suggest the introduction of a ‘short eco’ programme, which is just as economical as the ‘eco’ programme, but, achieves similar cleaning results in a much shorter time when using a high-performance detergent. This would overcome one of the biggest limitations that consumers currently have when using the ‘eco’ programme. The authors discuss the possible consequences of this proposal and invite readers for comments.
Percepção de um grupo de professores da Educação Profissional e Tecnológica sobre o ensino de alunos com deficiência visual
Authors: Da Silva Oliveira Shimite Amabriane , Da Silva Nilson Rogério
Published: November 2024

O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever, por meio de um grupo de professores atuantes na Educação Superior e Tecnológica, as condições de ensino de alunos com deficiência visual. Participaram da pesquisa 22 professores atuantes no curso superior de Tecnologia em Alimentos de uma faculdade localizada no interior do estado de São Paulo, onde a coleta de dados ocorreu pela utilização de um questionário composto por nove perguntas abertas. As respostas obtidas originaram categorias; dentre essas foram analisadas as respostas referentes à categoria Ensino, constituída pelas subcategorias Ingresso do aluno com deficiência visual, Metodologia de ensino e Estratégias de ensino. Para análise de cada subcategoria foi empregada a Análise de Conteúdo, proposta por Bardin. Nos resultados, foi possível identificar que os docentes não se consideram capacitados para atuar no processo inclusivo e não compreendem as competências e dificuldades do aluno com deficiência visual. Nesse sentido, o acesso à Educação Profissional e Tecnológica pelo aluno com deficiência visual requer o comprometimento da instituição e o entendimento do desenvolvimento de uma rede colaborativa de trabalho.
Formação e semiformação em Theodor Adorno: implicações na formação de professores para a pesquisa
Authors: Furtado Renan Santos , Borges Carlos Nazareno Ferreira , Da Silva Leandro Henrique Cruz
Published: November 2024

Este artigo tem por objetivo realizar uma discussão sobre a formação de professores em suas variadas dimensões, como a política, técnica, humana e a da formação cultural, bem como tratar sobre a perspectiva do professor formador e da formação para a pesquisa. Para isso, apoiamo-nos nas ideias de formação e semiformação apresentadas por Theodor Adorno no intuito de demonstrar as contribuições desses conceitos para o debate. Apontamos que a semiformação traz um prejuízo estrutural na formação dos professores, assim como na formação dos indivíduos em geral, haja vista que as dinâmicas que fazem essa semiformação acontecer dentro do mundo do capital priorizam fatores que não estão ligados com as dimensões principais da formação, mas, sim, ao produtivismo inerente ao sistema econômico no qual estamos inseridos.
O ensino da escrita alfabética no final da educação infantil: comparando os currículos de seis países
Authors: Gomes de Morais Artur , Da Silva Alexsandro
Published: November 2024

Este artigo analisa comparativamente as prescrições de currículos nacionais de seis países (Brasil, Portugal, México, Espanha, Canadá e França) para o ensino da notação alfabética na Educação Infantil. O estudo, desenvolvido por meio da pesquisa documental e da análise de conteúdo, evidenciou que três dos seis currículos (Portugal, França e Canadá) assumem, de modo explícito, o direito de as crianças menores de seis anos viverem, na escola, experiências de reflexão sobre a escrita, a partir das quais possam ampliar seus conhecimentos sobre o sistema de notação alfabética, sem que isto implique antecipar o ensino sistemático de relações fonema-grafema.
O ENSINO SECUNDÁRIO NO BRASIL DE 1925 ATÉ 1971
Authors: Brandão Luana Mayara de Souza
Published: November 2024

O ensino secundário no Brasil sofreu muitas mudanças e inovações no decorrer do tempo. Diante disso, o objetivo dessa resenha é discutir o ensino secundário no Brasil de 1925 até 1955. A abordagem metodológica utilizada foi a pesquisa bibliográfica, com base no livro “Ensino Médio na Bahia e o Ginásio Ruy Barbosa: análise sócio-histórica da criação e consolidação de uma instituição escolar” do autor José Roberto Gomes Rodrigues. Concluiu-se que foi durante o período de 1925 a 1955 que o ensino secundário se oficializou como seguimento do ensino primário e que aconteceu o seu fortalecimento da modernidade institucional.
Entrevista com Anne-Marie Chartier (Português)
Authors: Peres Eliane
Published: November 2024

Em comemoração aos 30 anos de Cadernos de Educação, a Revista publica uma entrevista com uma importante pesquisadora francesa dos temas ligados ao ensino da leitura e da escrita, a professora Anne-Marie Chartier.
O internalismo de razões de Bernard Williams vs. Razões Morais: São as razões morais, razões externas?
Authors: Ruffo Ísis Esteves , Ruffo Ísis Esteves
Published: November 2024

Neste texto procuramos investigar se a existência de razões morais é uma dificuldade para o internalismo de razões conforme a formulação de Bernard Williams (1981) em que A tem uma razão para ϕ apenas se existe uma rota deliberativa sólida do conjunto motivacional S de A para a motivação de A fazer ϕ. A dificuldade poderia surgir porque, nesta caracterização, todas as razões para agir tomadas por um agente são essencialmente condicionadas aos estados motivacionais deste agente. Entretanto, poderia ser o caso que existam algumas razões que se configuram de modo independente desses estados motivacionais – as razões externas – o que levaria à rejeição do internalismo. Um caso paradigmático de razões externas poderia ser as razões morais, justamente porque os imperativos morais parecem se configurar apesar dos desejos e vontades individuais. Para manter a tese internalista, a possibilidade analisada neste texto é rejeitar a impressão comum de que razões morais são razões externas e assumir que apenas existem razões morais para aqueles que possuem, em seu conjunto motivacional, valores e inclinações morais. Para ser viável, entretanto, a proposta precisa acomodar práticas amplamente difundidas de responsabilização e educação moral.
NIETZSCHE E A MORAL DA TRADIÇÃO JUDAICO-CRISTÃ
Authors: Besse da Quinta Flávia
Published: November 2024

Resumo: Este artigo objetiva colocar as conjunturas levantadas por Nietzsche ao valor histórico dado aos juízos de bom e mau, e por fim, as circunstâncias dessa moralidade afixada pelo cristianismo entabulada da tradição judaico-cristã. Inventor da psicologia do sacerdócio, Nietzsche analisa historicamente o conceito de bom da ética aristocrática e a sua inversão pelo bem na concepção do cristianismo.  O bom da aristocracia guerreira é a afirmação de si como pressuposto da vida boa na imanência e o bem é a negação de si que almeja uma vida boa na transcendência. Esse ideal do nada transforma a própria miséria em doutrina, o que torna uma vida mesquinha gerenciada pela má consciência e pelo ressentimento, impedindo o indivíduo de tomar as rédeas da própria vida alienando-se à processos gregários de corpos e ideias, alegorizados em escrituras. Diante do exposto, Nietzsche conduz para uma reflexão de transvaloração desses valores, ou seja, que orienta para uma moral nobre, livre de uma moral dos escravos, a moral do Ressentido.
Uma interpretação Wittgensteiniana da epistemologia presente na física clássica e mecânica quântica
Authors: Weiss Felipe Brião
Published: November 2024

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar uma interpretação Wittgensteiniana das diferenças entre física clássica e mecânica quântica utilizando termos como: jogos de linguagem, seguir regras e uso. Abordaremos o pensamento de Wittgenstein, seguido de uma comparação entre o jogo de linguagem da física clássica com o jogo de linguagem da física quântica que são guiados por regras diferentes e possuem termos com uso distintos. Apresentaremos a evolução de modelos atômicos, assim como fez Heisenberg em seu livro Física e filosofia, desde os antigos gregos até a contemporaneidade. Apresentaremos a passagem da física clássica para uma nova física, seus principais conceitos e a filosofia que está presente por de trás da visão desses cientistas, principalmente quanto a epistemologia.
Ciência e senso comum: Percepção da realidade
Authors: FABRES MARCELO da Silva
Published: November 2024

O mundo complexo dificulta a percepção da realidade através do senso comum. Os sentidos não bastam para que o ser humano entenda a realidade, as limitações inerentes ao Homo sapiens criam obstáculos, talvez, intransponíveis. Todavia, a insistência diante dessa complexidade coloca os indivíduos em busca do conhecimento, inclusive sobre suas próprias limitações. Porquanto, quem conhece as limitações do senso comum humano, também possui melhor possibilidades de apreensão da realidade, tendo como principal método o estudo científico.
DEMOCRACIA E DIREITOS HUMANOS EM MOÇAMBIQUE
Authors: Mausse Evaristo Alfredo
Published: November 2024

Resumo
O presente artigo surge no contexto de vários aspetos observados na convivencia social e pretende reflectir sobre a relação entre a democracia e os direitos humanos em Moçambique. A não observância dos princípios democráticos na gestão da coisa pública tem sido a fonte de violação sistemática dos direitos humanos. Neste contexto, urge indagar em que medida a observância razoável dos princípios democráticos pode ser entendida como um imperativo para a protecção dos direitos humanos em Moçambique. Defendemos, no presente artigo, que a democracia moçambicana só será possível por meio da observância dos direitos humanos e os direitos humanos só serão possíveis por meio da observância razoável dos princípios democráticos, pelo que violar os princípios democráticos significa, literalmente, violar os direitos humanos. A democracia moçambicana precisa de renascer para que possa possibilitar os direitos humanos. Esse renascimento tem de equacionar os ideais positivos da primeira e da segunda república moçambicana.
Palavras -Chave: Democracia, Direitos humanos, Mocambique.
Evil Does Not Exist
Authors: Jacobson Brian R.
Published: November 2024

Ryūsuke Hamaguchi’s Evil Does Not Exist (2023) takes a formal approach to environmental criticism that this article names the “downstream.” Delivered audio-visually and thematically, Hamaguchi’s technique turns a familiar ecological parable into a perception-challenging experience of aesthetic ambiguity and disorientation. Pushing the viewer to look closely and to trace the downstream effects of actions that threaten to disrupt tenuous forms of ecological and social balance, the film offers a generational message about the risks of human action and environmental precarity.
The Dilemmas of Diversity in Sexuality Movements
Authors: Kollman Kelly
Published: November 2024

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer activism both values and promotes diversity as a way to gain recognition and rights for marginalized individuals and lifestyles. The expansion of LGBTQ+ rights in the liberal democracies of Europe and the Americas since 2000 has made sexuality movements a high-profile exemplar of successful diversity politics. Despite this success, diversity within most sexuality movements has had to be constantly renegotiated to address disputes about who is to be represented and what type of reform—radical or assimilationist—should be pursued. Because these diversity dilemmas are difficult to resolve, LGBTQ+ movements often have vacillated between what scholars such as Ghaziani, Taylor, and Stone have described as “cycles of sameness and difference.” Current movement disputes over gender identity and transgender rights reflect these diversity dilemmas of the past. As illustrated by the recent contentious debate in Scotland over the Gender Recognition Reform (Scotland) Bill, however, increasing levels of political polarization have changed the nature and potentially the significance of these diversity dilemmas within sexuality movements.
Las perspectivas de la enseñanza en la era de la inteligencia artificial
Authors: Alvarez Sanchez David Leandro
Published: November 2024

The transformation of the teacher’s role in the era of artificial intelligence and information technologies is explored. Some perspectives on the role of education in certain contexts are presented, and briefly, the position of academia in order to find a perspective towards the direction of education in times of artificial intelligence towards the increase in different teaching modalities, such as synchronous and asynchronous ones or the hybrid model (face-to-face and virtual), various ways of understanding contemporary teaching-learning emerge, and it becomes important to generate questions such as How should education be developed in the 21st century?
Religión y poder
Authors: Fuentes Belgrave Laura
Published: November 2024

Volume 17.2 of Siwô’: Journal of Theology and Socio-Religious Studies, corresponding to July-December 2024, proposes an interdisciplinary reflection on the link between religion and the exercise of power from different areas and approaches that include; the study of a hagiographic theme to examine its polysemy of cognitive, cultural and epistemic meanings in the Costa Rican context, the analysis of the discussions on the relationship between body and power in the first conflicts of Pauline Christianity, the visibility of colonial violence and its consequences on religious education in the Chilean educational system, research on the participation of evangelical figures in Uruguayan politics in the 21st century, the study of experiences with spirituality in survivors of sexual exploitation in Bolivia, and the exploration of the notion of family as a central concept for Brazilian neoconservatism, in a superstructural dimension of the State that is related to neoliberalism, and arises as a reaction to the demands of the feminist and LGBTQIAP+ movements.
Espiritualidades liberadoras y opresivas de mujeres en situación de prostitución
Authors: Alexander Douglas Ariel Lydia
Published: November 2024

Prostitution is a social reality that affects vulnerable populations and increases their vulnerability. Prostitution is often addressed from a social or legal perspective, leaving aside consideration of the spiritual experiences of people affected by prostitution. This article presents the results of a case study of the experiences of five women survivors of sexual exploitation in El Alto, Bolivia, in relation to spiritual practices and contact with faith communities. The women’s responses describe experiences with both oppressive and liberating spiritual practices inside and outside brothels.
Antibacterial actions of algal extract against food spoilage bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens and Shewanella putrefaciens
Authors: Liu Xin , Luo Guanghong , Liu Ying , Yang Naibin , Yuan Wenqiao
Published: November 2024

Modes of antibacterial action of the extract from edible brown algae Ascophyllum nodosum against food spoilage bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens and Shewanella putrefaciens were investigated. The colony forming units in P. fluorescens and S. putrefaciens were 0.70 and 1.03 log cfu/mL less than the negative control in the time-kill assay, indicating the inhibitory effect of the extract on the two bacteria at high cell density. The extract also inhibited the extracellular protease activity of the two bacteria, where the exopolysaccharide (EPS) content was reduced by 44.8% in P. fluorescens and 64.7% in S. putrefaciens after treating them with the extract of the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC). Reduction in live bacteria cells in the biofilm formed by the two bacteria strains exposed to 1×MIC and 2×MIC levels was also observed. Significant increase in 260-nm absorbing material, protein content, and electrical conductivity of the culture media was observed after 6-h incubation with the extract in both bacteria strains, suggesting a leakage of nucleic material, protein, and other intracellular constitutes. It was concluded that the extract of A. nodosum could exert antibacterial activity against P. fluorescens and S. putrefaciens by reducing their extracellular enzymatic activity, inhibiting EPS production and biofilm formation, and increasing cell permeability.
Characteristics of ethical and unethical leadership: Exploratory findings from post-Soviet Kazakhstan
Authors: Lewis Jason
Published: November 2024

This research investigates the perceptions of ethical and unethical leadership within Kazakhstani business organizations, aiming to discern how individuals in Kazakhstan conceptualize and enact ethical and unethical leadership. Employing a qualitative research paradigm with a constructivist perspective, data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with 23 participants in Kazakhstan. Inductive, grounded theory methods of analysis were utilized to analyze the interview data. The study identified nine characteristics of ethical leadership perceived by participants, along with five characteristics of unethical leadership. While the sample size and geographic focus of the study limit the generalizability of findings, the findings provide valuable contributions to understanding ethical leadership in non-Western contexts, offering implications for leadership development and organizational practices within Kazakhstan. This study fills a gap in the literature regarding the perception and practice of ethical leadership in Kazakhstan, shedding light on cultural nuances and ethical values that shape leadership behaviors in the region.
Organizational strategies and human resource management practices to support the improvement of employee well-being
Authors: Molnár Csilla , Csehné Papp Imola
Published: November 2024

The importance of employee well-being has gained attention in ensuring employees' bio-psycho-social well-being and organizational success. The current study aimed to explore strategies and methods of employee well-being in for-profit organizations. Research has been conducted on a sample of 62 human resource management leaders and experts of Hungarian and international organizations. A self-developed online measurement tool has been applied to explore organizational strategies and human resource management practices of training and development, rewards management, and social activities. Data analysis has been conducted on 60 validated feedback, representing organizations employing 80.000 employees in the Hungarian economy. Results concluded that strategic approaches and expectations were contradicted regarding the improvement of employee well-being. Results show that monetary benefits and social events support organizational expectations of positive employee affection, health, and retention, with occasional employee participation in shaping employee well-being. The explored wellbeing-enhancing strategies and practices might expand existing knowledge of how organizations approach employee well-being.
Artificial intelligence-based model for evaluating the inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli in kefir matrix
Authors: Chirkena Bali Kefyalew , Kaya Yıldırım Fatma , Hatice Ulusoy Beyza
Published: November 2024

The present study aimed to inhibit the activity of some foodborne pathogens by probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in kefir. The antimicrobial effect of probiotic LAB was evaluated by using Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based models, Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and Adaptive Network-based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). The experiment was performed on fermentation day 0, 1, and 2, and storage day 1, 3, 7, and 10 of kefir. The average inhibition results obtained for Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli at training stage was 2.4 log10 CFU/g, 2.0 log10 CFU/g, and 2.4 log10 CFU/g in Artificial Neural Network, respectively, and 2.33 log10 CFU/g, 2.04 log10 CFU/g, and 2.03 log10 CFU/g in Adaptive Network-based Fuzzy Inference System, respectively. The average result obtained in the case of tested LAB was 4.9 log10 CFU/g, 4.8 log10 CFU/g, and 4.9 log10 CFU/g, respectively, in Artificial Neural Network in each organism; while similar result was observed in Adaptive Network-based Fuzzy Inference System. The results indicate that the activity of all targeted foodborne pathogens was reduced during fermentation and storage days by the potential probiotic LAB present in kefir. Based on the experiment, it was concluded that the activity of foodborne pathogens can be inhibited by probiotic LAB in kefir. In addition, it was suggested that probiotic bacteria in kefir are promising bio-controlling agents that can be used in the food industry.
Stigma and low vision. An analysis of experiences and feelings
Authors:   Universidad Santo Tomás, Bucaramanga, Colombia., Palencia Flórez Diana Cristina , Oviedo Cáceres María del Pilar ,   Universidad Santo Tomás, Bucaramanga, Colombia.
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Low vision is a sensory impairment that restricts the autonomous execution of activities of daily living, negatively affecting the quality of life and fostering the appearance of stigma. Objective: To explore the experiences and feelings about stigma experienced by people with low vision to provide elements that favor their understanding within the framework of a comprehensive care process. Materials and Methods: A phenomenological study was conducted, employing in-depth interviews with 10 low-vision individuals, selected based on convenience. Results: The reports indicate that the experiences associated with the stigmatization process include a lack of differentiation between individuals who are blind and those with low vision, inadequate signage, and cultural and communicative practices that are based on ocularcentrism. In terms of emotional responses, a lack of positive self-perception is the most significant factor, leading to social withdrawal. Finally, the proposed strategies encompass the formation of support networks, the provision of psychosocial assistance, the adaptation of physical spaces, and the promotion of organizational restructuring in educational institutions and companies. Discussion: The stigma associated with low vision is the result of a set of cultural factors and stereotypes, which can be explained as a phenomenon through the socio-ecological model, providing information to design interventions at the individual, community, organizational, and structural levels. Conclusion: The experiences derived from social interaction, educational processes, and work activity generate feelings that modify the stigmatization process in low-vision individuals. Therefore, studying and planning health interventions from different levels is advisable, considering the gender and life cycle perspective.
Reforma ou Revolução? Desafios para a luta de classes diante da crise do capital
Authors: Pandolfi Aline Fardin
Published: November 2024

Resumo: O artigo analisa os desafios para a luta de classes na atualidade frente ao aprofundamento da crise do capital e a ascensão da extrema-direita com características fascistas. Em alusão ao título de Rosa Luxemburgo, reflete os desafios postos às organizações revolucionárias em tempos de alternativas limitadas ao reformismo, a partir da compreensão da crise estrutural do capital como sistêmica e seus desdobramentos políticos. A metodologia foi a revisão bibliográfica.
Transferência de calor em geometria cilíndrica: uma abordagem interdisciplinar para um problema real
Authors: Abdulack Samyr A.
Published: November 2024

Em grande parte das aplicações da Termodinâmica nas Engenharias são empregadas as equações das taxas de transferência de calor, de modo que a modelagem matemática e as simulações tomam lugar na construção de importantes dispositivos e equipamentos. O presente artigo traz a modelagem e solução da aplicação de camadas de isolante térmico em sistemas de geometria cilíndrica, um problema de interesse industrial pouco discutido nos cursos das Ciências Exatas. A análise é feita por meio de uma superfície cilíndrica com paredes sujeitas a temperaturas distintas e as trocas de calor nas três modalidades fornecem uma dependência não linear da espessura do isolante térmico em função da temperatura externa. Para a solução numérica é implementado o método de Newton-Raphson célula a célula em uma planilha do Google Sheets empregando a ferramenta Google Apps Script. As condições para uma solução analítica são estabelecidas de modo que o problema possa ser estudado de maneira interdisciplinar, conectando os conceitos estudados em Termodinâmica, Transferência de Calor para Engenharia, Física Computacional e Cálculo Numérico.