bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of nanomodication on structure for-mation and properties of structural steel
Authors: Bolshakov V.I. , Kalinin Alexander
Published: December 2021

The state of the problem of grinding the grain structure and improving the mechanical properties of low-alloy structural steels has been studied. The state of the problem of grain structure refinement and improving the mechanical properties of low-alloy structural steels has been studied. The role of nanodispersed additives is reduced to the creation of additional artificial crystallization centers in the melt. They must be consistent with the critical radiuses of the embryos. According to our calculations, for the grinding of primary austenite grains in castings, the size of the introduced particles should be 40–50 nm. Output and modified castings of 09G2 and 09G2S steels were subjected to severe plastic deformation by equal-channel angular pressing followed by low-temperature annealing at 350 °C. In the initial state, cast steels 09G2 and 09G2S had a ferrite-pearlite structure with an average primary austenite grain size of 30 μm; after modification and deformation, the grain size was 10 μm. After quenching and cooling in water, the structure has changed insignificantly - ferritic-reed, with an average grain size of ~ 8...10 microns. After cooling the quenched samples in a solution of 20 % NaCl in water, the structure of packet martensite was obtained. In the initial state, the studied steels have insufficiently high property values: microhardness Нμ up to 3000 MPa, yield point σ 0,2 up to 800 MPa. When quenching in water, the hardness somewhat increases, the most significant increase is observed when the samples are cooled in a NaCl solution. Due to the significant grinding of martensite crystals, accelerated cooling provides a greater increase in hardness. A nanodispersed powder of titanium carbonitride Ti (CN) with a fraction of 50...100 nm was obtained by the method of plasma-chemical synthesis, the process technology was developed. Intensive plastic deformation of 09G2 and 09G2S steel castings was carried out. The structure and properties of steels before and after treatments have been studied. As a result of the combination of hardening methods, the grain size of the steels was reduced by 3 times and the yield strength increased from 3000 to 4000 MPa. Nanodispersed powder of titanium carbonitride Ti (CN) with a fraction of 50...100 nm was obtained by the method of plasma chemical synthesis, and a process technology was developed. Intensive plastic deformation of castings of 09G2 and 09G2S steels was carried out. The structure and properties of steels before and after treatments were studied. As a result of a combination of hardening methods, grinding of steel grains by 3 times and increasing the yield strength from 3000 to 4000 MPa was achieved
Development of a technological complex for thermofriction hardening of products with a circular cross section
Authors: Volkov Оleg , Subbotinа Valeria , Fedorenko Anna
Published: December 2021

There are many methods of influencing the structural state of the surface of products of different shapes and different purposes. At the same time, the increase in the relevance of the application of a particular method is closely related to its ability to provide high hardening rates while reducing the cost of such products. The TFН technology has already shown its high efficiency in strengthening surfaces [1]. In addition, studies were conducted on the hardening of surfaces of different profiles [2]. However, the best results are achieved when hardening flat surfaces. In this regard, it is entirely appropriate to conduct research that is related to the development of a technological complex that would include the optimal ratio of processing factors to ensure the necessary level of hardening in the studied objects that have a circular cross-section. Goal. The purpose of this work is to develop a technological complex for processing objects with a circular cross-section. To achieve this goal, metallographic and durometric studies of samples in the initial state and after processing were carried out. At the same time, the changes in the structure and mechanical properties that occur in steel due to processing were studied. Method. The method of thermal friction hardening includes a combined effect of heat and deformation on the treated surface. The peculiarity of this method is the deformation under short-term heating conditions. This makes it possible to further strengthen pre-hardened materials. Results. Under the influence of TFC, significant changes are observed in the structure of cylindrical samples made of 65G steel. This is expressed by the formation of a so-called "white surface layer" in the surface of these samples, which has an ultra-high microhardness [13, 14]. The properties of this layer depend on the initial state of the material, the conditions and modes of conducting TFН.
Methods for obtaining a dispersed structure and increasing the strength of silicon-manganese steels
Authors: Bolshakov Vladimir , Kalinin Aleksandr , Hlushkova Diana , Tohtar Georgij , Bagrov Valeriy , Gnatyuk Anastasia
Published: December 2021

For high-strength structural steels, the problem of grinding grain and increasing strength is solved by the use of highly efficient technologies, the development of new steel compositions and the development of rational thermomechanical processing. Goal. The aim of the work is to transform the structure, study the methods of grain grinding and increase the strength properties of structural steels 09Г2, 09Г2С as a result of modification by nanodisperse compositions, heat treatment and intense plastic deformation. Methodology. The research material was structural low-carbon steels 09G2, 09G2S. The process of modifying the steel parameters of the geometric shape of the melts was carried out by smelting steels 09G2 and 09G2C in an induction furnace. The modified workpieces were subjected to intensive plastic deformation and heat-treating treatment according to the mode: heating temperature 1050 °C, exposure 5 min; cooled medium: water and 20 % solution of NaCl in water. Then  – a rest at temperatures of 500 °C; 600 °C, exposure time – 30 minutes. Metallographic studies of the structure of steels before and after modification and mechanical testing of standard samples were performed. Results. The study of the structure grains of steels 09Г2 and 09Г2С in the initial state showed the presence of large grains up to 30 μm, reduced microhardness and yield strength. Originality. The substantiation of the choice of type and fraction of nanodisperse modifier was carried out. The use of plasma-chemical synthesis to obtain nanopowders based on titanium was substantiated. Nanopowders of titanium carbonitride Ti (CN) fraction 50 ... 100 nm were obtained by the method of plasma chemical synthesis. Practical value. The following methods were proposed for grinding grain and increasing the strength properties of steels: nanomodification, intensive plastic deformation in combination with heat-strengthening treatment.
The role of scale factor in the formation of prod-uct properties under the action of surface modifi-cation
Authors: Doschechkina Irina
Published: December 2021

Based on theoretical and experimental research in the fields of solid-state physics and physical materials science, it is proved that the surface layer of a solid body, which is deformed, is an independent functional subsystem and radically affects large-scale levels of plastic flow and destruction of the product as a whole. As is known, the most effective method of improving the performance of products is the grinding of grain, because it is the grain boundary (substructural) mechanism of strengthening which provides an increase in the structural strength of the product. In this regard, special attention is paid to submicro- and nano-structuring of the surface. Goal. The aim of the work is to study the process of structure formation of the surface layer under the action of ion bombardment (IB) and its effect on the properties of products taking into account the scale factor. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set: to evaluate the characteristics of the surface microstructure after IB and to study its tensile behavior in cylindrical and flat samples of low-carbon steel in order to take into account the scale factor in changing their properties. The submicro-structuring of the surface by ion bombardment is carried out in the work and its influence on the behavior of products during tensile deformation is investigated. It is established that the presence of a thin modified layer (with a constant core) significantly changes the properties of the product under force. The decisive role belongs to the contribution of the surface layer (scale factor) – the ratio of the area of the modified layer to the volume of the product: if it is <1 the effect of hardening is better realized while maintaining plasticity, and if ˃ 1, it is a significant effect of plasticization which maintains (or even increases) hardening.
Determining the depth of plugging a pile with one layer of struts or anchors
Authors: Kozhushko Vitaly , Krasnov Sergey
Published: December 2021

The aim of the proposed work is to develop a simplified version of determining the depth of plugging a pile with one layer of struts or anchors. When setting the problem, the scheme by E.K. Jacobi was offered, which suggests, that the deepening of the wall should be such as to ensure the stability of the wall against soil protrusion. Methodologically, the problem is solved analytically. The calculations take into account the active and passive soil pressures, the intensity and shape of whose plots is determined using Coulomb's theory. Comparative results of the depth of pile plugging obtained by the simplified method and the method currently used in the calculations of single pile fences with one layer of fasteners are presented. It is shown that the depth of pile plugging and groove calculation made in a simplified way does not practically differ from the depth of wall immersion calculated by the existing method.
Method, models and information technology of decision making about the state of technical objects under non-stationary input influences
Authors: Poliarus Alexsandr , Lebedynskyi Andrey , Сhepusenko Evgen
Published: December 2021

There is a significant increase in the amount of measuring information at complex and large technical objects, such as bridges. Decision making about these objects states under non-stationary input influences is a difficult task. The article proposes to make the transition from single-channel information processing to multi-channel one. Each channel processes one of the Hilbert-Huang modes, into which each realization of the nonstationary signal decomposes. It is shown that the first three modes of decomposition are often enough, which in most cases create a stationary process. If a mode is non-stationary, it is possible to decompose it into these modes. The final decision according to statistical criteria is made not on realizations as it is traditionally carried out, but on Hilbert-Huang modes.
Determination of the maximum traction force of the screw working body when piercing the soil
Authors: Suponyev Vladimir , Vivchar Stanislav , Ragulin Vitaliy , Orel Oleksandr , Olieinikova Oleksandrа , Kovalevskyi Serhii
Published: December 2021

Laying of gas distribution pipelines, water mains, sewerage systems, power cables and communication cables is performed both by laying it in an open trench and by trenchless methods.
Polymorphisms 677C > T and 1298A > C in the MTHFR gene and homocysteine levels in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as a component of the ontological model
Authors: Nosko N. A. , Rud O. M.
Published: December 2021

Objective — to systematize literature data on the presence of 677C > T and 1298A > C polymorphisms in the MTHFR gene and homocysteine levels in patients with non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); to calculate the frequencies 677C > T and 1298A > C polymorphisms combinations in the MTHFR gene and their impact on NAFLD development; to compare homocysteine levels in patients with and without NAFLD.
Materials and methods. The analysis has been performed for the results of investigation of 49 patients, from them 17 subjects with NAFLD and 32 without it. Clinical, laboratory, statistical and ontological methods were used in the study. The MTHFR 677C > T and MTHFR 1298A > C polymorphisms in the MTHFR gene were investigated with the use of real time polymerase chain reaction (RT‑PCR) technique. Homocysteine levels were determined with chemiluminescent immunoassay with reference values 3.7 — 13.9 µmol/L. Multiple logistic regression method was used to evaluate the effects 677C > T and 1298A > C polymorphisms in the MTHFR gene on NAFLD development.
Results. The variant of combination of 667С/С/1298А/А polymorphisms in the MTHFR gene (absence of mutation) was reveled in 6 (12 %) persons, that showed a widespread prevalence of variants with the presence of mutations. The correlation between variants of 677C > T and 1298A > C polymorphism in the MTHFR gene has been established (r = 0.429; p < 0.05). The results of multiple logistic regression demonstrated absence of the significant effects of 677C > T and 1298A > C polymorphisms in the MTHFR gen on NAFLD development (p > 0.05). Comparison of the homocysteine levels in patients with and without NAFLD didn’t reveal significant difference (р > 0.05), as well as comparison in the groups with combinations of 677C > T and 1298А > С polymorphisms in the MTHFR gen (р > 0.05). This can be explained by the fact that NAFLD group consisted of manly young patients without hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus and severe liver fibrosis.
Conclusions. Ontological systematization of the scientific data on NAFLD revealed that 677C > T and 1298A > C polymorphisms in the MTHFR gen are pathogenetically associated with the significant increase in homocysteine levels as a marker of cardiovascular pathology. Giving the multifactorial nature of hyperhomocysteinemia and wide spread of 677C > T and 1298A > C polymorphisms in the MTHFR gen in population, it seems to be impractical to use genetic investigations for MTHFR gen polymorphism in NAFLD patients routinely, but only for the purpose of differential diagnosis of hyperhomocysteinemia.
Strategi Employer Branding Perusahaan X dalam Membentuk Brand Associations (Studi Kasus pada Program Internship ‘X Star’ dan ‘X Center’ dalam Membentuk Brand Associations)
Authors: Yulianna Rica
Published: December 2021

X Company is one of the financial companies in Indonesia that has strategy of external employer branding in the form of internship program. The internship of X Company targets students also campuses as potential employees. This strategy done to shaping and establishing corporate brand associations through several tactis that described deeper in the following research. This research is a descriptive qualitative research with a case study method. Methods for data collection was carried out through participatory observation, digital literature studies, and interviews with four resources as the implementer of internship program. The results of this study indicate that the internship of X Company has several tactics in the implementation. Those tactics such as the concept of Career Development, activity of introduction, the concept of Career Partner, and economic value factors. Finally, strategy of internship in X Company shape and establish brand associations by involving cognitive, conative, affective aspects as well as functional associations and emotional associations.  Keywords: strategy, employer branding, internship, brand associations
Fourteen Liturgical Works
Authors: Nanino Giovanni Maria
Published: December 2021

Giovanni Maria Nanino (1545–1607) spent his entire life in the service of the various musical cappelle of the basilicas and churches of Rome. He succeeded Palestrina as maestro di cappella at S. Maria Maggiore in 1567, and in 1577 he became a member of the papal choir. Nanino's musical style was not a personal one, but the style of a whole group of Roman composers who wrote in the manner endorsed by the Council of Trent.
Eleven Works to Latin Texts
Authors: Corteccia Francesco
Published: December 2021

Francesco Corteccia (fl. 1539–71) was maestro di cappella at the court of Grand Duke Cosimo I of Florence (r. 1537–74), a patron of many artists and academicians. Corteccia followed Costanza Festa at the head of a long line of native-born composers of the sixteenth century who assumed the chief musical posts in Italy and brought to an end the domination of Italian music by foreigners. Corteccia's manuscript hymnary was a product of his early career, but late in his life he began preparing some of his sacred music for publication. His responsories were published in 1570, and his motets in 1571, after his death.
The Moralia of 1596, Part 2
Authors: Handl Jacob
Published: December 2021

Jacob Handl (1550–91), also known as Jacobus Gallus, has long been considered one of the most outstanding and prolific composers of the late sixteenth century. Although his masses and the motets of his monumental Opus musicum are widely familiar, his three volumes of Moralia—polyphonic settings of secular Latin poetry, for five and more parts—are considerably less well known. This is the first complete modern edition of Handl's Moralia.
MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF REINFORCED AND THREE-LAYER SHELLS BASED ON METAMATERIALS, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT OPERATIONAL DAMAGE
Authors: Lomakin E. V. , Yurgenson S. A. , Fedulov B. N. , Fedorenko A. N.
Published: December 2021

Abstract—

The conventional design in aeronautical engineering is reinforced shell, which for most structures is a thin shell with a stringer set. This article compares the behavior of a conventional reinforced shell and a spaced shell metamaterial structure with a reinforced set using the example of a main airplane pressure bulkhead. The evaluation criterion is to ensure the required level of residual strength when the limiting state is reached.
PASAR MONOPOLI
Authors: Nurrahma Ayuni
Published: December 2021

Definisi Pasar MonopoliDefinisi pasar monopoli adalah gambaran sebuah pasar yang terbentuk karena munculnya seluruh penawaran terhadap produk baik barang maupun jasa kepada seorang penjual atau beberapa penjual tertentu. merupakan suatu tempat dimana bertemunya sang penjual dengan pembeli untuk melakukan suatu transaksi dalam proses perdangangan jual beli barang dan jasa, perekonomian yang terjadi padaa aktivitas pasar ini telah di dasari oleh adanya suatu kebebasan untuk bersaing, ini dapat terjadi baik itu penjual maupunn pembeli. Jadi inti dari jenis pasar ini adalah dalam pasar ini hanya ada satu kekuatan atau kekuasaan pihak yang menguasai pasar dan mendominasi terjadinya transaksi ekonomi. Apabila barang dan jasa yang dibutuhkan tidak ada yang menyerupai atau menggantikan barang atau jasa tersebut maka kondisi pasar yang dikuasai oleh satu penjual akan terus berlangsung.
Makalah kelompok kerja dan komunikasi dalam organisasi
Authors: YUDISTIRA
Published: December 2021

Makalah kelompok kerja dan komunikasi dalam organisasi
Makalah Laporan Keuangan
Authors: K Khelvin.
Published: December 2021

Laporan keuangan dapat dengan jelas memperlihatkan gambaran kondisi keuangan dari perusahaan. Laporan keuangan yang merupakan hasil dari kegiatan operasi normal perusahaan akan memberikan informasi keuangan yang berguna bagi entitas-entitas di dalam perusahaan itu sendiri maupun entitas-entitas lain diluar perusahaan oleh karena itu untuk mengetahui Kinerja laporan keuangan tersebut kita memerlukan suatu analisis, analisis analisis ini lah yang harus dipahami oleh kita baik sebagai manajemen perusahaan untuk mengevaluasi kinerja perusahaan ataupun sebagai investor jika kita ingin menginvestasikan harta kita terhadap suatu perusahaan.Oleh karena itu untuk Membantu penganalisis agar mengetahui keadaan dan perkembangan keuangan perusahaan kita bisa menggunakan analisis rasio seperti: rasio aktivitas, rasio likuiditas, rasio provitabilitas, dan rasio harga pasar selain itu bisa juga digunakan analisis lain seperti sistem du pont, common size, perbandingan dan sebagainya untuk menganalisa suatu perusahaan tersebut.Oleh sebab itu maka diperlukanlah pemahaman yang matang untuk mengkaji laporan keuangan suatu perusahaan untuk melakukan tindakan atau pun pengambilan keputusan.
Makalah Strategi Pemasaran
Authors: Rahmadana
Published: December 2021

Di indonesa banyak sekali perusahaan atau lembaga yang bersaing dengan beragam inovasi untuk mengembangkan usahanya agar lebih maju. Dalam suatu perusahaan dibutuhkan banyak pertimbangan untuk keuntungan dan proft yang didapatkan lebih banyak daripada modal yang dikeluarkan namun dengan kualitas yang terjamin. Pasar merupakan tempat bertemunya penjual dan pembeli untuk melakukan transaksi. Dalam studi kelayakan bisnis aspek pasar merupakan aspek yang berkaitan dengan kondisi pasar dari bidang industri yang dijalankan oleh sebuah bisnis, yang dianalisa biasanya akan meliputi permintaan pasar tehadap produk yang akan dijual, tingkat persaingan dan strategi pesaing dalam memasarkan produk, dan segmentasi pasar. Aspek pasar dan pemasaran menjadi hal penting yang perlu diperhatikan dalam studi kelayakan bisnis, karena aspek tersebut nantinya dapat membantu sebuah bisnis utnuk menentukan arah dan tujuan serta sasaran pemasaran dari produk yang akan ditawarkan.
Analisis Video Comments to Followers Ratio Tiktok Pada 5 Artis Indonesia dengan Tarif Endorse Termahal
Authors: Junitra I Made Arya
Published: December 2021

The TikTok app is a Chinese social network and music video platform that was launched in September 2016. The app allows users to create short music videos. In Indonesia, there are 30.7 million active users, making Indonesia the country with the largest TikTok users in the world. The large number of active TikTok users in Indonesia can certainly provide opportunities for artists in Indonesia to get endorsements and this has caused these 5 artists to be named the artists who have the most expensive endorsements including: Raditya Dika, Raffi Ahmad, Luna Maya, Ayu Ting Ting, and Princess Syahrini. The purpose of this study is to calculate the credibility of the Tiktok account performance on 5 Indonesian Artists with the Most Expensive Endorse Rates. The method used for this research is quantitative exploratory method. The results of this study indicate that the artist Princess Syahrini gets the first rank and has good account performance credibility.
analisis video share ratio to video views ratio 5 brand termahal didunia
Authors: dopo patrik
Published: December 2021

TikTok is a social media application launched by Zhang Yiming, the founder of Toutiao from China. TikTok allows users to create videos that are 30 seconds to 3 minutes long accompanied by music, filters, and several other creative features. Currently there are more than 1 billion active users every month, with the United States, Europe, Brazil and Southeast Asia as the largest markets, making Tik Tok one of the applications with the most users worldwide. The large number of active TikTok users around the world can certainly provide an opportunity for brands to make the TikTok platform a social media marketing platform. There are 5 world-famous fashion brands that use TikTok as a marketing platform, namely: Dior, Armani, Fendi, Versace, and Ralph Lauren. The purpose of this study is to calculate the credibility of the TikTok account performance of the 5 most expensive fashion brands in the world. The method used for this research is quantitative exploratory method. The results of this study indicate that the Dior brand is ranked first and has good account performance credibility
An Introduction to Geophysical and Geochemical Methods in Digital Geoarchaeology
Authors: Sarris Apostolos , Kalayci Tuna , Moffat Ian , Manataki Meropi
Published: December 2021

Archaeological geophysics is a range of techniques for the minimally invasive, remote investigation of the physical parameters of the nearsurface environment. This suite of methods is complementary to archaeological survey or excavation as it can provide information about the stratigraphy of the survey area, locate anthropogenic traces of the past, document their spatial dimensions and—under ideal conditions—explore the physical properties of subsurface materials. Both material culture items such as a building foundations and indirect indications of anthropogenic activity such as subsurface disturbance or evidence of burning are excellent direct targets for geophysical investigations since they can be differentiated on the basis of their material properties from the wider soil context. In addition to directly locating archaeological material, geophysical techniques can make an important contribution to geoarchaeological investigations by elucidating the site stratigraphy and mapping its lateral geometry. In some cases, such as when locating prehistoric material buried offshore or within open Palaeolithic sites, the reconstruction of past landscapes may make a more important contribution to archaeological investigations than the direct geophysical detection of archaeological materials.Different material culture items have characteristic physical properties (such as electrical resistance or conductivity, magnetic susceptibility) and so require different instrumentation for effective detection. The main techniques for archaeological prospection include magnetometer, resistance meter, magnetic susceptibility meter, ground-penetrating radar and electromagnetic induction meter. Apart from that, seismic methods (reflection and refraction seismics), gamma spectroscopy and gravity techniques are also used in certain circumstances. Unfortunately, there is no standard approach for the application of one specific geophysical method for all archaeological materials in all geological environments. The success of geophysical prospection techniques depends on a combination of soil and sediment characteristics as well as depth below surface and preservation of archaeological findings. In order to achieve the most reliable results and enhance the chance of detecting archaeological material, an integrated, multi-method approach is suggested.In addition to field surveying, the effective processing of measured geophysical data is a crucial part of the interpretation process. Data processing aims to enhance signals of interest in order to better delineate archaeological and geological features. It helps to produce more interpretable results and therefore facilitates and fosters collaboration between geophysicists and archaeologists.
MANAJEMEN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA
Authors: sandita riana putri
Published: December 2021

Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia merupakan suatu ilmu dan seni yang mengatur hubungan juga peranan tenaga kerja agar efektif dan efisien membantu terwujudnya tujuan perusahaan, karyawan juga masyarakat. Manejemen sumber daya manusia adalah masalah tenaga kerja manusia yang telah diatur menurut urutan aturan fungsinya, agar efektif dan efisien dalam mewujudkan tujuan perusahaan, karyawan dan masyarakat. Karyawan adalah perencana, pelaku dan selalu berperan aktif dalam aktivitas perusahaan/ bisnis. Dalam makalah ini kami akan membahas lebih lanjut tentang Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia.
TÁC ĐỘNG CỦA ĐÔ THỊ HÓA ĐẾN MÔI TRƯỜNG
Authors: Thanh Nguyen Duc , Quyen Luu Thi Truc , Tâm Ngô Mỹ , Thao Nguyen Thi Phuong , Thao Nguyen Thu , Thu Phạm Minh , Thúy Trịnh Minh , Thương Nguyễn Thị , Thư Nguyễn Phúc , Thuy Hoang Bich
Published: December 2021

Các thành phố lớn luôn được ví như là “những nhà lãnh đạo toàn cầu” và luôn có các chính sách đổi mới- thứ đang ngày càng vượt qua ranh giới của các quốc gia, đồng thời là định hình của các xu hướng trong nước và quốc tế. Hơn một nửa dân số thế giới hiện nay đang sống ở các khu vực thành thị và tính đến năm 2050, con số này có thể tăng đến hơn sáu tỷ người. Từ đó ta có thể thấy quá trình đô thị hóa ngày càng diễn ra nhanh chóng, dồn dập, để rồi dẫn đến việc đô thị hóa vô tổ chức.
3D mapping of the submerged Crowie barge using electrical resistivity tomography
Authors: Simyrdanis Kleanthis , Moffat Ian , Papadopoulos Nikos , Kowlessar Jarrad , Bailey Marian
Published: December 2021

This study explores the applicability and effectiveness of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) as a tool for the high-resolution mapping of submerged and buried shipwrecks in 3D. This approach was trialled through modelling and field studies of Crowie, a paddle steamer barge which sunk at anchor in the Murray River at Morgan, South Australia, in the late 1950s. The mainly metallic structure of the ship is easily recognisable in the ERT data and was mapped in 3D both subaqueously and beneath the sedimentwater interface.The innovative and successful use of ERT in this case study demonstrates that 3D ERT can be used for the detailed mapping of submerged cultural material. It will be particularly useful where other geophysical and diver based mapping techniques may be inappropriate due to shallow water depths, poor visibility, or other constraints.
Forecasting the Mix of World Energy Needs by mid-21st Century
Authors: MODIS THEODORE
Published: December 2021

The logistic function is used to forecast energy consumed worldwide. The logistic substitution model is used to describe the energy mix since 1965 presenting a picture significantly different from the one covering the previous 100 years. In the new picture the share of heavy pollutants, i.e. coal plus oil, keeps declining systematically in favor of natural gas and renewables (wind, geothermal, solar, biomass, and waste), the share of which grows rapidly. The shares of these three energy sources are poised to reach around 30% each by mid-21st century. Nuclear and hydroelectric energy, both with rather stable shares, are responsible for the remaining 10%, which goes mostly to hydroelectric; Zooming into the composition of renewables we find that today’s dominant wind power is about to begin losing share to solar energy, which will overtake wind after 2024 and account for more than 90% of all renewables by mid-21st century, by which time geothermal, biomass, and other sources of energy will have dropped to insignificant levels. Forecasts in exajoules are given for all energy sources up to 2050. This is Chapter 9 in a book with title "Global Challenges of Climate Change, Vol.1"Subtitle "Green Energy, Decarbonization, Forecasting the Green Transition"ISBN 978-3-031-16469-9 https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-16470-5_9
Trialing geophysical techniques in the identification of open Indigenous sites in Australia: A case study from inland northwest Queensland
Authors: Moffat Ian , Wallis Lynley , Beale Alice , Kynuna Darren
Published: December 2021

The use of geophysical techniques as an aid to archaeological investigations has become common-place, however these methods have only occasionally been applied in Indigenous Australian archaeology. This is despite recognition (and recommendations) since the 1970s that such approaches have the potential to yield positive results in such contexts (e.g. Connah et al. 1976; Stanley 1983; Stanley and Green 1976). Australian archaeologists have perhaps been reluctant to embrace these techniques because of their perceived high cost (both of equipment and specialist staff) and the subtle nature of subsurface Indigenous sites as geophysical targets. Nevertheless, there have been a number of recent applications of these techniques in Australia, particularly in relation to burial and hearth sites. We report the results of a pilot study conducted in northwest Queensland. This study aimed to test the applicability of geophysical methods being routinely employed to locate a variety of open site features (particularly hearths and middens) as part of reconnaissance surveys. While not being entirely successful, this study demonstrated that certain archaeological features can be readily identifi ed using geophysical techniques, though further research and trials should be carried out to refi ne the uses of these techniques to allow their more widespread applicability.
PENYUSUNAN LAPORAN KEUANGAN
Authors: Halim Ismail
Published: December 2021

Laporan keuangan memiliki peranan yang sangat penting bagi dunia usaha maupun bagi instansi publik. Laporan keuangan memiliki peran sebagai objek dari akuntabilitas dan transparansi sebagaimana telah menjadi tuntutan masyarakat di semua lembaga. Selain itu, laporan keuangan merupakan alat yang sangat penting untuk memperoleh informasi sehubungan dengan posisi keuangan dan hasil-hasil yang telah dicapai oleh perusahaan yang bersangkutan. Pada dasarnya, laporan keuangan merupakan cermin dari kinerja dan informasi keuangan sebuah perusahaan secara umum yang berarti pertanggungjawaban manajemen atas penggunaan sumber daya yang dipercayakan oleh investor kepada mereka. Informasi yang berasal dari laporan keuangan perusahaan digunakan oleh investor dan pemegang saham sebagai salah satu dasar pertimbangan dalam pengambilan keputusan. Laporan keuangan adalah laporan pertanggung jawaban manajer atau pimpinan perusahaan atas pengelolaan perusahaan yang dipercayakan kepadanya, kepada pihak-pihak yang mempunyai kepentingan di luar perusahaan. Pihak-pihak yang yang berkepentingan yaitu pemilik perusahaan, pemerintah, kreditor, dan pihak lainnya. Pada hakekatnya suatu laporan keuangan bersifat umum, dalam arti laporan tersebut ditujukan pada beberapa pihak yang mempunyai kepentingan yang berbeda. Laporan keuangan dapat menggambarkan aktifitas dari suatu perusahaan pada satu periode akuntansi yang memuat Laporan Posisi Keuangan (Neraca), Laporan Laba Rugi dan Komprehensif lain, Laporan Perubahan Ekuitas, Laporan Arus Kas, dan Catatan atas Laporan Keuangan.
Quantum cloud theory: Collapse expectations of matter proportions
Authors: Qu Wenjing
Published: December 2021

Most of metabolic processes are extremely complicated but occur spontaneously and steadily, the essential reason of which may be either a thermodynamic problem or related to some quantum properties. Here, collapse selection is interpreted with an analytical model of energy transfer, from which the concept of quantum cloud is defined as that during undetectable changes of a group of particles between its effective changes, particles are in the superposition of various energy states and the group is named as a cloud. It is deduced from the interpretation of collapse selection and the notion of matter proportions that cloud collapses have different expectations: active cloud collapses have least-time expectation while passive collapses have matter-proportion expectation.
Mapping of bioavailable strontium isotope ratios in France for archaeological provenance studies
Authors: Willmes Malte , bataille clement , James Hannah , Moffat Ian , McMorrow Linda , Kinsley Leslie , Armstrong Richard , Eggins Stephen , Grün Rainer
Published: December 2021

Strontium isotope ratios (87Sr/86Sr) of archaeological samples (teeth and bones) can be used to track mobility and migration across geologically distinct landscapes. However, traditional interpolation algorithms and classification approaches used to generate Sr isoscapes are often limited in predicting multiscale 87Sr/86Sr patterning. Here we investigate the suitability of plant samples and soil leachates from the IRHUM database (www. irhumdatabase.com) to create a bioavailable 87Sr/86Sr map using a novel geostatistical framework. First, we generated an 87Sr/86Sr map by classifying 87Sr/86Sr values into five geologically representative isotope groups using cluster analysis. The isotope groups were then used as a covariate in kriging to integrate prior geological knowledge of Sr cycling with the information contained in the bioavailable dataset and enhance 87Sr/86Sr predictions. Our approach couples the strengths of classification and geostatistical methods to generate more accurate 87Sr/86Sr predictions (Root Mean Squared Error=0.0029) with an estimate of spatial uncertainty based on lithology and sample density. This bioavailable Sr isoscape is applicable for provenance studies in France, and the method is transferable to other areas with high sampling density. While our method is a step forward in generating accurate 87Sr/86Sr isoscapes, the remaining uncertainty also demonstrates that finemodelling of 87Sr/86Sr variability is challenging and requires more than geological maps for accurately predicting 87Sr/86Sr variations across the landscape. Future efforts should focus on increasing sampling density and developing predictive models to further quantify and predict the processes that lead to 87Sr/86Sr variability.
URBANIZATION AND ITS IMPACTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Thanh Nguyen Duc , Thao Nguyen Thi Phuong , Tâm Ngô Mỹ , Quyen Luu Thi Truc , Thao Nguyen Thu , Thư Nguyễn Phúc , Thu Phạm Minh , Thương Nguyễn Thị , Thúy Trịnh Minh , Thuy Hoang Bich
Published: December 2021

Big cities have always been likened to "global leaders" and always have innovative policies that are increasingly transcending national boundaries and shaping domestic trends. and international. More than half of the world's population now lives in urban areas and by 2050, this number could increase to more than six billion people. From there, we can see that the process of urbanization is taking place more and more rapidly, and then leading to disorganized urbanization.
LAPORAN KEUANGAN
Authors: Saputri Anggraeni Dwi
Published: December 2021

Setiap lingkup pekerjaan baik itu perusahaan maupun lembaga-lembaga pasti memerlukan suatu laporan keuangan. Dimana laporan keuangan merupakan salah satu sumber informasi serta media penting yang digunakan oleh para pengelola perusahaan dalam proses pengambilan keputusan untuk mengetahui informasi yang menyangkut posisi keuangan.
The Pragmatic American Revisited: A Direct Replication of Pickett and Baker (2014)
Authors: Jones Angela , Roche Sean Patrick
Published: December 2021

In 2014, Pickett and Baker cast doubt on the scholarly consensus that Americans are pragmatic about criminal justice. Previous research suggested this pragmaticism was evidenced by either null or positive relationships between seemingly opposite items (i.e., between dispositional and situational crime attributions and between punitiveness and rehabilitative policy support). Pickett and Baker (2014) argued that because these studies worded survey items in the same positive direction, respondents’ susceptibility to acquiescence bias led to artificially inflated positive correlations. Using a simple split-ballot experiment, they manipulated the direction of survey items and demonstrated bidirectional survey items resulted in negative relationships between attributions and between support for punitive and rehabilitative policies. We replicated Pickett and Baker’s (2014) methodology with a nationally representative sample of American respondents supplemented by a diverse student sample. Our results were generally consistent, and, in many cases, effect sizes were stronger than those observed in the original study. Americans appear much less pragmatic when survey items are bidirectional. Yet, we suggest the use of bidirectional over unidirectional survey items trades one set of problems for another. Instead, to reduce acquiescence bias and improve overall data quality, we encourage researchers to adopt item-specific questioning.
Google scholar và Preprints: món quà cho nhà khoa học trong kỷ nguyên số
Authors: Khuc Quy Van
Published: December 2021

Google scholars và Preprint: món quà cho nhà khoa học trong kỷ nguyên số
A Meta-Analysis of Childhood Maltreatment in Relation to Psychopathic Traits
Authors: de Ruiter Corine , Burghart Matthias , De Silva Raneesha , Griesbeck Garcia Sara , Mian Ushna , Walshe Eoin , Zouharova Veronika
Published: December 2021

Psychopathy is a personality disorder characterized by a mix of traits belonging to four facets: affective (e.g., callous/lack of empathy), interpersonal (e.g., grandiosity), behavioral instability (e.g., impulsivity, poor behavioral controls), and social deviance (e.g., juvenile delinquency, criminal versatility). Several scholars have argued that early childhood maltreatment impacts the development of psychopathy, although views regarding its role in the four facets differ. We conducted a meta-analysis including 47 studies comprising a total of 349 effect sizes and 12,737 participants, to investigate the association between the four psychopathy facets and four types of child maltreatment: physical abuse, emotional abuse, neglect, and sexual abuse.We found support for a moderate link between overall psychopathy and childhood physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect, as well as overall childhood maltreatment. The link between psychopathy and childhood sexual abuse was small, but still significant. These associations were stronger for the behavioral and antisocial facets than for the affective and interpersonal facets of psychopathy, but nearly all associations were significant. Our findings are consistent with recently developed theories on the role of complex trauma in the development of severe personality disorders. Trauma-focused preventive and therapeutic interventions can provide further tests of the trauma-psychopathy hypothesis.
Fear in the theater of the mind: Differential fear conditioning with imagined stimuli
Authors: Burleigh Lauryn , Jiang Xinrui , Greening Steven G
Published: December 2021

Many symptoms of anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder are elicited by fearful mental imagery. Yet, little is known about how visual imagery of CSs affects the acquisition of differential fear conditioning. Across three experiments (n1=33, n2=27, n3=26), we observed that healthy human participants acquired differential fear conditioning to both viewed and imagined percepts serving as the conditioned stimuli as measured via self-reported fear and the skin conductance response (SCR). Additionally, this differential conditioning generalized across CS percept modalities, such that differential conditioning acquired to visual percepts generalized to the corresponding imagined percepts and vice versa. This is novel evidence that perceived and imagined stimuli engage learning processes in very similar ways and is consistent with theory that mental imagery is depictive and recruits neural resources shared with visual perception. Our findings also provide new insight into the mechanisms of anxiety and related disorders.
The impact of diet and lifestyle on wellbeing during COVID-19-lockdown
Authors: Muth Anne , Losecaat Vermeer Annabel B , Terenzi Damiano , Park Soyoung Q
Published: December 2021

A healthy diet and lifestyle may protect against adverse mental health outcomes, which is especially crucial during stressful times, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. This preregistered longitudinal online study explored whether diet and lifestyle (physical activity, sleep, and social interactions) could predict wellbeing and mood during a light lockdown in Germany. Participants (N = 117, 72 males; 28 9 years old) answered mental health and lifestyle questionnaires (social connections, sleep, activity) followed by submitting one week of food and mood-lifestyle diary (food intake, positive and negative mood, mental wellbeing, sleep quality, physical activity level, quantity and quality of social interactions) via a smartphone app. We used multivariate linear and mixed-effects models to predict mood and wellbeing by using dietary components and lifestyle factors. Inter-individual analyses revealed that sleep and social interaction significantly impacted mood and wellbeing. Interestingly, fruit and vegetable intake predicted wellbeing, even when controlling for all lifestyle factors. Fruit and vegetable intake also significantly predicted daily fluctuations in wellbeing within individuals next to sleep, physical activity, and social interactions. We observed gender differences in fruit and vegetable intake and anxiety levels. Our results emphasize the importance of diet contributing to individual wellbeing, even in the challenging times of a pandemic.
Electron Observer Theory: A Neuroscientific Approach to the Mind-Body Problem and Measurement Problem
Authors: Wang Yuqi
Published: December 2021

The Electron Observer Theory (EOT) posits each electron serves as an individual observer and describes the relationships among the observer, the brain, and the observable. By reconciling neural correlates of consciousness with quantum mechanics, EOT explains how electrons within a single neuron can receive conscious information from the brain and affect the body’s macroscopic behavior. It also explains how subjective experience emerges in the brain when the electron in a neuron is detected by neural signals, as well as how this perspective addresses the measurement problem in quantum mechanics. EOT predicts the existence of a single neuron with wide connections that can influence the body’s macroscopic behavior, which requires experimental confirmation to further support the theory.
The COVID-19 Pandemic Eroded System Support But Not Social Solidarity
Authors: Bor Alexander , Jørgensen Frederik Juhl , Petersen Michael Bang
Published: December 2021

While the World has been busy mitigating the disastrous health and economic effects of the novel coronavirus, a less direct, but not less concerning peril has largely remained unexplored: the COVID-19 crisis may disrupt some of the most fundamental social and political relationships in democratic societies. We interviewed samples resembling the national population of Denmark, Hungary, Italy and the US three times: in April, June and December of 2020 (14K observations). We employed a broad set of survey questions tapping into perceptions about the two major relationships structuring society: Horizontal relationships between citizens, and vertical relationships between citizens and the state. We benchmarked these data against pre-COVID levels measured in the World Values Survey and the European Values Survey. We present strikingly similar findings across the four diverse countries. We show that support for the political system has markedly decreased already by April and fell further till December. Exploiting the panel setup, we demonstrate that within-respondent increases in indicators of pandemic fatigue (specifically, the perceived subjective burden of the pandemic and feelings of anomie) correspond to decreases in system support and increases in extreme anti-systemic attitudes. Meanwhile, we find much smaller changes in social solidarity and trust compared to pre-pandemic levels, and we find that these attitudes are largely unaffected by pandemic burden. Our results imply that the pandemic is not only a health-crisis, but poses a substantial challenge to the relationship between citizens and the state.
The Future of Food Security, Nutrition and Health for Agri-food Systems Transformation
Authors: Chan Chin Yee , Prager Steven , Balie Jean , Kozicka Marta , Hareau Guy , Valera Harold Glenn , Tran Nhuong , Wiebe Keith , Diagne Mandiaye , Alene Arega , Mausch Kai
Published: December 2021

Global progress towards food security and nutrition has been slow in many places and even reversing in others. Against the background of changes in population, income, technology, climate, and other drivers, the pressures on food systems are daunting. When designing and rolling out future interventions towards these goals it is of vital importance to utilize foresight knowledge to anticipate, shape, and prepare for alternative possible futures. Overcoming current and emerging challenges but also seizing opportunities as they present themselves requires continued efforts to provide robust analysis to inform decision making. Here we collated the latest insights from foresight studies around three central aspects within the food system. First, consumer demand and the changes this is undergoing is a key aspect shaping the food system itself as well as nutritional and environmental outcomes. Second, distributional inequalities and trade-offs within the food system have further been identified as key challenges to tackling adverse health outcomes of the current food system. And third, amplified by the COVID crisis, enhancing the resilience of the food system that is increasingly under threat from multiple risks has risen to the top of the agenda.