bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The relationship between the frequency of self‐monitoring of blood glucose and glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion or on multiple daily injections
Authors: Murata Takashi , Tsuzaki Kokoro , Yoshioka Fumi , Okada Hiroshi , Kishi Junichiro , Yamada Kazunori , Sakane Naoki
Published: April 2015

Aims/Introduction

We investigated the relationship between the frequency of self‐monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) and glycemic control in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) or on multiple daily injections (MDI) using data management software.

Materials and Methods

We recruited 148 adult type 1 diabetes mellitus patients (CSII n = 42, MDI n = 106) and downloaded their SMBG records to the MEQNET™ SMBG Viewer software (Arkray Inc., Kyoto, Japan). The association between the SMBG frequency and the patients' hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels was analyzed using the χ2‐test and linear regression analysis was carried out to clarify their relationship.

Results

The odds ratio of achieving a target HbA1c level of <8% (63.9 mmol/mol) was significantly higher in subjects with SMBG frequencies of ≥3.5 times/day compared with those with SMBG frequencies of <3.5 times/day in the CSII group (odds ratio 7.00, 95% confidence interval 1.72–28.54), but not in the MDI group (odds ratio 1.35, 95% CI 0.62–2.93). A significant correlation between SMBG frequency and the HbA1c level was detected in the CSII group (HbA1c [%] = –0.24 × SMBG frequency [times/day] + 8.60 [HbA1c {mmol/L} = –2.61 × SMBG frequency {times/day} + 70.5], [r = –0.384, P = 0.012]), but not in the MDI group.

Conclusions

A SMBG frequency of <3.5 times per day appeared to be a risk factor for poor glycemic control (HbA1c ≥8%) in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients on CSII.
Lack of predictive power of plasma lipids or lipoproteins for gestational diabetes mellitus in Japanese women
Authors: Iimura Yuko , Matsuura Masaaki , Yao Zemin , Ito Satoru , Fujiwara Mutsunori , Yoshitsugu Michiyasu , Miyauchi Akito , Hiyoshi Toru
Published: April 2015

Aims/Introduction

To determine the diagnostic potential of plasma lipids and apolipoproteins in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), we carried out a retrospective cohort study of 1,161 Japanese women at 20–28 weeks of gestation who underwent a glucose challenge test (GCT).

Materials and Methods

A total of 1,161 Japanese women at 20–28 weeks of gestation underwent a GCT. Participants with a positive test (GCT[+]) underwent a subsequent oral glucose tolerance test. Clinical and biochemical parameters were determined and quantification of apolipoproteins (Apo), including ApoB, ApoB48, ApoA‐I and ApoC‐III, was carried out.

Results

The prevalence of GCT(+; with a 130 mg/dL glucose cut‐off) and GDM was 20% and 4%, respectively. There was a trend for increased triglycerides and ApoC‐III in GDM(+) participants. However, the difference in plasma triglycerides, ApoC‐III or ApoB48 did not reach statistical significance between GDM(+) and GDM(−) women. Values of 1‐h glucose (P < 0.001) and fasting glucose (P = 0.002) were significant risk factors for GDM.

Conclusions

Prediction of GDM using only the ApoC‐III value is not easy, although triglycerides and ApoC‐III were higher in the GDM(+) group. The present findings show no significant difference in plasma lipid levels between women diagnosed with GDM and those with normal glucose tolerance.
Capillary malformations: a classification using specific names for specific skin disorders
Authors: Happle R.
Published: April 2015

The name capillary malformation has caused much confusion because it is presently used to designate numerous quite different disorders such as naevus flammeus, the salmon patch, the vascular naevus of the hereditary ‘megalencephaly‐capillary malformation syndrome’ and the skin lesions of non‐hereditary traits such as ‘capillary malformation‐arteriovenous malformation’ and ‘microcephaly‐capillary malformation’. To avoid such bewilderment, the present review describes the distinguishing clinical and genetic criteria of 20 different capillary malformations, and a specific name is given to all of them. The group of capillary naevi includes naevus flammeus, port‐wine naevus of the Proteus type, port‐wine naevus of the CLOVES type, naevus roseus, rhodoid naevus, cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita, congenital livedo reticularis, segmental angioma serpiginosum, naevus anaemicus, naevus vascularis mixtus and angiokeratoma circumscriptum. Capillary lesions that perhaps represent naevi are the mesotropic port‐wine patch, Carter‐Mirzaa macules, unilateral punctate telangiectasia and unilateral naevoid telangiectasia of the patchy type. Capillary malformations that do not represent naevi include X‐linked angiokeratoma corporis diffusum (Fabry disease), autosomal dominant angiokeratoma corporis diffusum, hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia, hereditary angioma serpiginosusm and the salmon patch. In this way, we are able to discriminate between various non‐hereditary capillary naevi such as naevus roseus and the hereditary rhodoid naevus and several hereditary traits that do not represent naevi such as angiokeratoma corporis diffusum and hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia; between four different types of port‐wine stains, three of them being lateralized and one being mesotropic; between cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita and congenital livedo reticularis; between telangiectatic naevi and the vasoconstrictive naevus anaemicus; and between two different types of angiokeratoma corporis diffusum. Finally, arguments are presented why the salmon patch (‘stork bite’, ‘naevus simplex’) cannot be categorized as a naevus.
Predictors of type 2 diabetes among Taiwanese women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Lin Pei‐Chao , Hung Chich‐Hsiu , Huang Ruei‐Dian , Chan Te‐Fu
Published: April 2015

Aim

The aims of this study were to determine the blood glucose screening rate of Taiwanese post‐partum women with gestational diabetes (GDM) and to identify the predictors of type 2 diabetes among Taiwanese women with GDM.

Methods

The medical records of 130 women with GDM, who were delivered at a hospital in southern Taiwan between 1997 and 2010, were retrospectively reviewed. The GDM diagnosis was performed according to the National Diabetes Data Group and Expert Committee Criteria. The 2010 American Diabetes Association diabetes diagnosis criteria were used to determine whether post‐partum women subsequently developed type 2 diabetes.

Results

In total, 71 records (54.6%) included blood glucose testing after childbirth between the first month and the ninth year, and 29 records (22.3%) documented subsequent type 2 diabetes. In a multiple logistic regression analysis, the patients' pre‐pregnancy body mass indices and insulin use during pregnancy were independently associated with subsequent type 2 diabetes.

Conclusion

In this study, documentation during pregnancy, which could have provided beneficial insights, was limited. Healthcare professionals should develop a program to improve the post‐partum follow‐up of women diagnosed with GDM.
Zonisamide reduces nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration in a mouse genetic model of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Sano Hiromi , Murata Miho , Nambu Atsushi
Published: April 2015

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons and consequent motor dysfunction. Zonisamide (1,2‐benzisoxazole‐3‐methanesulfonamide), which was originally developed as an antiepileptic drug, has been found to have therapeutic benefits for PD. However, the pharmacological mechanisms behind the beneficial actions of zonisamide in PD are not fully understood. Here, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of zonisamide on nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons of the Engrailed mutant mouse, a genetic model of PD. Chronic administration of zonisamide in Engrailed mutant mice was shown to improve the survival of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons compared with that under saline treatment. In addition, dopaminergic terminals in the striatum and the motor function were improved in zonisamide‐treated Engrailed mutant mice to the levels of those in control mice. To clarify the mechanism behind the neuroprotective effects of zonisamide, the contents of neurotrophic factors were determined after chronic administration of zonisamide. Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor content was increased in the striatum and ventral midbrain of the zonisamide‐treated mice compared to saline‐treated mice. These findings imply that zonisamide reduces nigrostriatal dopaminergic cell death through brain‐derived neurotrophic factor signaling and may have similar beneficial effects in human parkinsonian patients as well.

image

Zonisamide (ZNS), an antiepileptic drug, has therapeutic benefits for Parkinson's disease. Chronic ZNS administration improved the survival of dopaminergic neurons and motor function in a genetic mouse model of Parkinson's disease, and increased brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the brain. ZNS reduces dopaminergic cell death probably through BDNF signaling and may have similar beneficial effects in human parkinsonian patients.
Polysialic acid as an antigen for monoclonal antibody HIgM12 to treat multiple sclerosis and other neurodegenerative disorders
Authors: Watzlawik Jens O. , Kahoud Robert J. , Ng Shermayne , Painter Meghan M. , Papke Louisa M. , Zoecklein Laurie , Wootla Bharath , Warrington Arthur E. , Carey William A. , Rodriguez Moses
Published: April 2015

CNS regeneration is a desirable goal for diseases of brain and spinal cord. Current therapeutic strategies for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) aim to eliminate detrimental effects of the immune system, so far without reversing disability or affecting long‐term prognosis in patients. Approachable molecular targets that stimulate CNS repair are not part of the clinical praxis or have not been identified yet. The purpose of this study was to identify the molecular target of the human monoclonal antibody HIgM12. HIgM12 reverses motor deficits in chronically demyelinated mice, a model of MS. Here, we identified polysialic acid (PSA) attached to the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) as the antigen for HIgM12 by using different NCAM knockout strains and through PSA removal from the NCAM protein core. Antibody binding to CNS tissue and primary cells, antibody‐mediated cell adhesion, and neurite outgrowth on HIgM12‐coated nitrocellulose was detected only in the presence of PSA as assessed by western blotting, immunoprecipitation, immunocytochemistry, and histochemistry. We conclude that HIgM12 mediates it's in vivo and in vitro effects through binding to PSA and has the potential to be an effective therapy for MS and neurodegenerative diseases.

image

The human antibody HIgM12 stimulates neurite outgrowth in vitro and promotes function in chronically demyelinated mice, a model of multiple sclerosis. The cellular antigen for HIgM12 was undetermined. Here, we identified polysialic acid attached to NCAM (neural cell adhesion molecule) as the cellular target for HIgM12. This includes glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)‐positive mouse astrocytes (GFAP, red; HIgM12, green; DAPI, blue) among other cell types of the central nervous system. These findings indicate a new strategy for the treatment of neuro‐motor disorders including multiple sclerosis.
Effect of diet‐induced obesity or type 1 or type 2 diabetes on corneal nerves and peripheral neuropathy in C57Bl/6J mice
Authors: Yorek Matthew S. , Obrosov Alexander , Shevalye Hanna , Holmes Amey , Harper Matthew M. , Kardon Randy H. , Yorek Mark A.
Published: April 2015

We determined the impact diet‐induced obesity (DIO) and types 1 and 2 diabetes have on peripheral neuropathy with emphasis on corneal nerve structural changes in C57Bl/6J mice. Endpoints examined included nerve conduction velocity, response to thermal and mechanical stimuli and innervation of the skin and cornea. DIO mice and to a greater extent type 2 diabetic mice were insulin resistant. DIO and both types 1 and 2 diabetic mice developed motor and sensory nerve conduction deficits. In the cornea of DIO and type 2 diabetic mice there was a decrease in sub‐epithelial corneal nerves, innervation of the corneal epithelium, and corneal sensitivity. Type 1 diabetic mice did not present with any significant changes in corneal nerve structure until after 20 weeks of hyperglycemia. DIO and type 2 diabetic mice developed corneal structural damage more rapidly than type 1 diabetic mice although hemoglobin A1C values were significantly higher in type 1 diabetic mice. This suggests that DIO with or without hyperglycemia contributes to development and progression of peripheral neuropathy and nerve structural damage in the cornea.
Organic matter and macromineral digestibility in domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) as compared to other hindgut fermenters
Authors: Hagen K. B. , Tschudin A. , Liesegang A. , Hatt J.‐M. , Clauss M.
Published: April 2015

It is generally assumed that animal species differ in physiological characteristics of their digestive tract. Because investigating digestive processes is often labour‐intensive, requiring lengthy adaptation and collection periods, comparisons are often made on the basis of data collated from different studies. We added a new data set on dietary crude fibre (CF) and macromineral (Na, K, Ca, P, Mg) composition and apparent digestibility (aD) of organic matter (OM) and macrominerals in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus; a total of 180 measurements with 12 individuals and 10 different diets) to a literature data collection for rodents and domestic horses (Equus caballus). Significant negative relationships between dietary CF and aD OM were obtained, but the significant difference in digestive efficiency between rabbits and guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) reported from studies where both species had been investigated under identical conditions were not detectable in the larger data collection. However, the 95% confidence interval of the negative slope of the CF–aD OM relationship did not overlap between domestic horses on the one hand, and rabbits and guinea pigs on the other hand, indicating a less depressing effect of CF in horses. Akaike's information criterion indicated that aD of a macromineral did not only depend on its concentration in the diet, but also on the individual and various other diet characteristics and the presence of other macrominerals, indicating complex interactions. The data indicate similar mechanisms in the absorption of macrominerals amongst rabbits, rodents and horses, with the exception of Na and K in guinea pigs and Ca in chinchillas (Chinchilla laniger) that should be further corroborated. In particular, the occurrence of high aD Ca in hindgut fermenters, regardless of whether they employ a digestive strategy of coprophagy or whether they have fossorial habits, suggests that this peculiarity might represent an adaptation to hindgut fermentation in general.
CRISIS‐INDUCED LEARNING AND ISSUE POLITICIZATION IN THE EU: THE BRAER, SEA EMPRESS, ERIKA, AND PRESTIGE OIL SPILL DISASTERS
Authors: BROEKEMA WOUT
Published: April 2015

This article explores the relation between issue politicization and crisis‐induced learning by the EU. We performed a political claims analysis on the political response to the four major oil spill disasters that have occurred in European waters since 1993. Political claims that we observed in three arenas (mass media, national parliaments, and the European Parliament) were compared with recommendations in post‐crisis evaluation reports and the EU's legislative responses. For all three political arenas our findings indicate that politicization of issues either promotes or impedes crisis‐induced EU learning, which points to the existence of determining intervening factors. EU legislation that is adopted in response to oil spill disasters appears to a large extent grounded in crisis evaluation reports. Characteristics of crisis evaluation reports, especially the degree of international focus, seem to offer a more plausible explanation for variance in crisis‐induced learning outcomes than politicization.
Psychometric Analysis of Behavioral Pain Scale Brazilian Version in Sedated and Mechanically Ventilated Adult Patients: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Azevedo‐Santos Isabela F. , Alves Iura G.N. , Badauê‐Passos Daniel , Santana‐Filho Valter J. , DeSantana Josimari M.
Published: April 2015

Background and Purpose

Pain assessment in Intensive Care Units (ICU) can be performed based on validated instruments as the Behavioral Pain Scale (BPS). Despite the existence of this clinical score, there is no Brazilian version of it to assess critically ill patients. This study aimed to translate the BPS into Brazilian Portuguese, verify its psychometric properties (reliability, validity, and responsiveness) and the correlation between pain measured and heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), Ramsay, and RASS scores.

Methods

Pain intensity by using Brazilian BPS version, HR, and BP were observed by 2 investigators during 3 different moments: at rest; during eye cleaning (EC); and tracheal suctioning (TS) in 15 adult subjects sedated and mechanically ventilated. Sedation level, severity of disease, and use of sedatives and analgesic drugs were also recorded.

Results

There was a high responsiveness coefficient (coefficient = 1.72) and pain was significantly higher during tracheal suctioning (P ≤ 0.003) and eye cleaning (P ≤ 0.04) than at rest. It was evidenced a low reliability and no significant correlation between translated BPS scores and physiological parameters during tracheal suctioning, sedation scales, flow of the sedatives drugs, or with the general health status (P > 0.07).

Conclusion

Brazilian BPS has high responsiveness and capacity to detect pain intensity in different situations in the ICU routine. This preliminary study proved the feasibility and importance of valid this scale in Brazil in order to improve critically ill patients care.
Analgesia and Improved Performance in a Patient Treated by Cooled Radiofrequency for Pain and Dysfunction Postbilateral Total Knee Replacement
Authors: Menzies Robert D. , Hawkins Jeffery K.
Published: April 2015

Total knee replacement (TKR) is a terminal therapy for osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. While TKR results are generally satisfactory, a significant proportion of patients experience persistent pain lasting > 3 months following surgery, even after a technically acceptable operation. Knee pain of any kind post‐TKR has been reported in up to 53% of patients, while 15% of patients have reported severe pain. Pain post‐TKR is worse than preoperative pain in 7%, often resulting in surgical revision. The clinical experience of a patient that originally presented to an orthopedic surgeon with OA of both knees demonstrates an alternative relatively noninvasive pain management strategy: cooled radiofrequency (CRF) ablation of sensory nerves.
Burst Spinal Cord Stimulation in a Patient with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: A 2‐year Follow‐Up
Authors: Kriek Nadia , Groeneweg George , Huygen Frank J. P. M.
Published: April 2015

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is an effective therapy to treat most patients with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS); however, the effect is not always maintained over time. We present a case report of a patient successfully treated with burst SCS after a diminishing effect of conventional tonic stimulation.

Burst stimulation is a novel method of SCS consisting of delivering 5 spikes at 500 Hz, 40 times/s (pulse width 1 mseconds). The current output is set to a subthreshold level for paresthesia in the supine position.

Report of a case: A 65‐year‐old woman with CRPS in the left upper extremity experienced a diminishing effect of conventional tonic SCS over time, resulting in an increase of pain with a mean Numerical Rating Score (NRS) of 8. After treatment with burst SCS, the NRS declined to 2 and remained at that level for 2 years. An intermediate/brief period, due to increased CRPS activity, resulted in a higher pain score, which was successfully managed by increasing the burst stimulation to a higher level of subthreshold stimulation.

Discussion: In this patient with CRPS, burst SCS was successful in reducing pain scores that could no longer be achieved with conventional tonic stimulation. It appears that pain reduction with burst SCS can be sustained for a relatively long period of time.
Stellate Ganglion Block for Painful Congenital Venous Malformation of the Arm
Authors: Woo Adam , Tharakan Liza , Vargulescu Razvan
Published: April 2015

Stellate ganglion block is an established intervention used in pain management settings. Its use in the treatment of congenital venous malformations (VM) of the upper limb has never been described. We present a case of ultrasound‐guided stellate ganglion block for a patient who derived excellent relief from pain uncontrolled with conservative and pharmacological methods.
Cryopreservation of Piau‐Breed Wild Boar Sperm: Assessment of Cooling Curves and Centrifugation Regimes
Authors: Shiomi HH , Pinho RO , Lima DMA , Siqueira JB , Santos MCR , Costa EV , Lopes PS , Guimarães SEF , Guimarães JD
Published: April 2015

Contents

This study aimed to assess the effects of different cooling curves and centrifugation regimes used in cryopreservation protocols on the post‐thaw viability of Piau‐breed wild boar (Sus scrofa) sperm using in vitro assessment tests. Two centrifugations (800 g for 10 min and 2400 g for 3 min) and two cooling curves (conventional cooling using nitrogen vapour – freezing 1 and automated cooling using a programmed freezing machine – freezing 2) were tested. Therefore, the treatments were divided into M3 – centrifugation at 2400 g for 3 min and freezing 2; M10 – centrifugation at 800 g for 10 min and freezing 2; R3 – centrifugation at 2400 g for 3 min and freezing 1; and R10 – centrifugation at 800 g for 10 min and freezing 1. No significant differences (p > 0.05) between treatments occurred post‐thawing regarding the total sperm motility means recorded. The mean values of the different treatments were not different from each other regarding the supravital staining (SV), hypo‐osmotic test (HO), sperm–egg binding assay or sperm morphology. This study showed that both the cooling curve and the centrifugation regime affected the quality of post‐thaw sperm, and centrifugation for shorter times and cooling curves using automated cooling are the most suitable for minimizing sperm injury.
Reanalysis of the DEMS Nested Case‐Control Study of Lung Cancer and Diesel Exhaust: Suitability for Quantitative Risk Assessment
Authors: Crump Kenny S. , Van Landingham Cynthia , Moolgavkar Suresh H. , McClellan Roger
Published: April 2015

The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) in 2012 upgraded its hazard characterization of diesel engine exhaust (DEE) to “carcinogenic to humans.” The Diesel Exhaust in Miners Study (DEMS) cohort and nested case‐control studies of lung cancer mortality in eight U.S. nonmetal mines were influential in IARC's determination. We conducted a reanalysis of the DEMS case‐control data to evaluate its suitability for quantitative risk assessment (QRA). Our reanalysis used conditional logistic regression and adjusted for cigarette smoking in a manner similar to the original DEMS analysis. However, we included additional estimates of DEE exposure and adjustment for radon exposure. In addition to applying three DEE exposure estimates developed by DEMS, we applied six alternative estimates. Without adjusting for radon, our results were similar to those in the original DEMS analysis: all but one of the nine DEE exposure estimates showed evidence of an association between DEE exposure and lung cancer mortality, with trend slopes differing only by about a factor of two. When exposure to radon was adjusted, the evidence for a DEE effect was greatly diminished, but was still present in some analyses that utilized the three original DEMS DEE exposure estimates. A DEE effect was not observed when the six alternative DEE exposure estimates were utilized and radon was adjusted. No consistent evidence of a DEE effect was found among miners who worked only underground. This article highlights some issues that should be addressed in any use of the DEMS data in developing a QRA for DEE.
An Illustrated User Guide to the World Input–Output Database: the Case of Global Automotive Production
Authors: Timmer Marcel P. , Dietzenbacher Erik , Los Bart , Stehrer Robert , de Vries Gaaitzen J.
Published: April 2015

This article provides guidance to prudent use of the World Input–Output Database (WIOD) in analyses of international trade. The WIOD contains annual time‐series of world input–output tables and factor requirements covering the period from 1995 to 2011. Underlying concepts, construction methods and data sources are introduced, pointing out particular strengths and weaknesses. We illustrate its usefulness by analyzing the geographical and factorial distribution of value added in global automotive production and show increasing fragmentation, both within and across regions. Possible improvements and extensions to the data are discussed.
Top Income Shares, Business Profits, and Effective Tax Rates in ContemporaryChile
Authors: Fairfield Tasha , Jorratt De Luis Michel
Published: April 2015

We contribute to research on inequality and world top incomes by presenting the first calculations of Chilean top income shares and effective tax rates using individual tax return microdata from 2005 and 2009. We pay special attention to business income, which dominates at the top. Our analysis includes not only distributed profits, but also the large proportion of accrued profits retained by firms, which are rarely analyzed given the difficulty of identifying individual owners. Our most conservative top 1 percent income‐share estimate is 15 percent—the fifth highest in the top incomes literature. When distributed profits are adjusted for evasion, the top 1 percent share reaches 22–26 percent. When we broaden the income concept to include accrued profits, which we impute to taxpayers using ownership shares calculated from business tax forms, the top 1 percent share increases to a minimum of 23 percent. Despite this impressive income concentration, the top 1 percent pays modest average effective income‐tax rates of 15–16 percent.
What Stops Dutch Households from Taking Up Much Needed Benefits?
Authors: Tempelman Caren , Houkes‐Hommes Aenneli
Published: April 2015

It is common for individuals not to take up welfare benefits. The most common explanation is that people make a rational choice between the utility they expect from the benefit and the effort required to take‐up. Most studies utilize surveys, which are subject to misreporting and measurement errors, to determine eligibility and non‐take‐up rates. This study uses a novel dataset based on administrative data sources, which provides a more accurate identification of eligible households and take‐up. Furthermore, this study documents non‐take‐up of a compensation to which nearly 5 million Dutch households are entitled. The richness of the data allowed us to conduct a detailed analysis of key drivers of non‐take‐up. The analysis largely confirms the transaction‐costs hypotheses. However, we found an unexpected effect. Although, in general, the probability of take‐up increases when income decreases, those with the lowest income or wealth do not have the highest probability of take‐up.
Pre‐operative self‐efficacy education vs. usual care for patients undergoing joint replacement surgery: a pilot randomised controlled trial
Authors: Cooke Marie , Walker Rachel , Aitken Leanne M. , Freeman Andrea , Pavey Sharlene , Cantrill Ruth
Published: April 2015

Background

Hip and knee replacement is a major surgical procedure performed worldwide. Despite 20 or so years of clinical research and care guidelines, the management of acute postoperative pain continues to be a concern. A growing number of self‐efficacy strategies are being included in education programs for patients to enable then to have a central role in managing their illness and symptoms.

Aims and Objectives

The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility of testing an education intervention to improve self‐efficacy in patients undergoing hip or knee replacement.

Methods

A single‐blinded, parallel, pilot randomised control trial design was used. Ninety‐one patients undergoing hip or knee replacement surgery were randomly assigned to an intervention or control group. Intervention group participants were given a DVD demonstrating self‐efficacy activities to undertake four times before admission. Feasibility criteria related to recruitment, protocol adherence and missing data were assessed. Participants were assessed for pain, anxiety, self‐efficacy and healthcare utilisation.

Results

In relation to recruitment, 55% of screened patients were eligible and of these 81% enrolled (n = 91). Exclusion following randomisation was 10% with missing data ranging from 0 to 20.7%. Nineteen per cent of participants were lost to follow up in the control group and 20% lost to follow up in DVD group. Protocol adherence to components of the intervention varied. Both groups were generally satisfied with pain management during hospitalisation, and there were no differences in groups on clinical outcome measures.

Conclusions

Preliminary evidence for the benefits of self‐efficacy‐based education for patients undergoing hip or knee replacement was identified. Additional findings included a need to strengthen the intervention and reducing the number of data collection points to improve the protocol, missing data and numbers lost to follow up before a larger trial is undertaken.
Within‐day variation and influence of physical exercise on circulating Galectin‐3 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and healthy individuals
Authors: Issa S. F. , Christensen A. F. , Lottenburger T. , Junker K. , Lindegaard H. , Hørslev‐Petersen K. , Junker P.
Published: April 2015

Galectin‐3 has been suggested as a pro‐inflammatory mediator in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Previous studies have reported overexpression of Galectin‐3 in RA synovitis and increased levels in synovial fluid and serum in long‐standing RA compared with osteoarthritis and healthy controls. Our objectives were to study whether serum Galectin‐3 (1) exhibits circadian variation and/or (2) responds to exercise in RA and controls. The study on circadian patterns (1) comprised eleven patients with newly diagnosed RA, disease duration less than 6 months (ERA), 10 patients with long‐standing RA [5–15 years (LRA)] and 16 self‐reportedly healthy control subjects. During 24 h, 7 blood samples were drawn at 3‐h intervals starting at 10 a.m. through 10 p.m. and at 7 and 10 a.m. on the following day. The study on the effect of physical activity (2) included 10 patients with ERA, 10 with LRA and 14 controls. The participants underwent a standardized exercise programme and four blood samples were drawn before, during and after exercise. Serum Galectin‐3 was quantified by ELISA (R&D systems). (1) Galectin‐3 was increased at baseline in both RA subsets (P = 0.08). There were no diurnal oscillations (P = 0.85). Day‐to‐day variation amounted to 3%. (2) Baseline Galectin‐3 was increased in LRA versus controls and ERA (P < 0.01 and 0.05). Physical exercise induced 10–15% Galectin‐3 increments in RA and controls (P < 0.001) peaking after 1–3 h. To conclude, Galectin‐3 did not exhibit circadian variation. Day‐to‐day variation was 3%. Exercise elicited comparable increments in patients with RA of short and long duration and controls, approaching normal after 1–3 h.
The effect of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungal propagules on the growth of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) under Mn toxicity in ex situ experiments
Authors: Alho L. , Carvalho M. , Brito I. , Goss M. J.
Published: April 2015

The role of intact extraradical mycelium (ERM) as the most effective fungal propagule in the formation of the tripartite symbiosis between indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), rhizobia and subterranean clover was investigated under conditions of Mn toxicity. ERM was previously developed in 8 L pots under greenhouse conditions by growing plants, which exhibited various levels of mycotrophicity and were tolerant to the levels of Mn in the soil used in the experiment (Silene gallica L, Lolium rigidum L, Ornithopus compressus L. and Rumex bucephalophorus L). Contrasting conditions of the integrity of the ERM at the planting of subterranean clover were created by soil disturbance (ERM fragmented – soil disturbed; ERM intact – soil undisturbed). Where an intact ERM was present at the time of planting, growth of subterranean clover was 2.5 times greater after 21 days and 3.9 times after 42 days relative to other forms of AMF propagule. This enhanced growth was associated with a reduction in the Mn concentration of roots due to a greater AMF colonization at 21 days after planting. The protection granted by an enhanced AMF root colonization allowed a greater root nodule development, leading to more N acquisition and plant growth. The ERM can be developed in the soil by mycotrophic plants tolerant to the stressing agent and kept intact at the seeding of the crop to be protected by adopting appropriate tillage techniques.
A future with less HLA: potential clinical applications of HLA‐universal cells
Authors: Figueiredo C. , Blasczyk R.
Published: April 2015

The high variability of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) remains a major obstacle to the application of allogeneic products in cell‐based therapies. We have developed a strategy to decrease the immunogenicity of cell and tissues to improve their survival after allogeneic transplantation in the absence of immunosupression. Using RNA interference technology, the expression of HLA class I and II was stably downregulated. HLA‐silenced cells demonstrated to prevent a de novo and escape a pre‐formed alloimmune response in vitro and in vivo. Also, they demonstrated to be capable of engraft and survive after allogeneic transplantation independently of the donor's and recipient's genetic background. The generation of HLA‐universal cells has may open new horizons in the field of regenerative medicine. Some of the potential clinical applications of HLA universal cells will be discussed in this review.
RH diversity in Mali: characterization of a new haplotypeRHD*DIVa/RHCE*ceTI(D2)
Authors: Ba Alhassane , Beley Sophie , Chiaroni Jacques , Bailly Pascal , Silvy Monique
Published: April 2015

BACKGROUND

Knowledge of RH variants in African populations is critical to improving transfusion safety in countries with populations of African ancestry and to providing valuable information and direction for future development of transfusion in Africa. The purpose of this report is to describe RH diversity in individuals from Mali.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

Blood samples collected from 147 individuals self‐identified as Dogon and Fulani were analyzed for Rh antigens and alleles.

RESULTS

The most commonRHDallele variant wasRHD*DAU0. Five predicted partial‐D phenotypes were attributed toRHD*DAU3orRHD*DIVa. NeitherRHD*DARnorRHD*DIIIawas found. Investigation ofRHCErevealed three predicted partial‐e antigens encoded byRHCE*ce(254G)in trans toRHCE*cE. Regarding C antigen, 28 Fulani typed as C+ and 16 of 28 harbored at least oneRHCE*Ce‐D(4)‐ce, two being homozygous and predicted to show a rare RH:32,−46 phenotype. A newRHCE*ceTIwith replacement of Exon 2 byRHD(RHCE*ceTI(D2))was identified in Dogon and was identified by inheritance study to be in cis toRHD*DIVa. These samples typed C– with anti‐C polyclonal antibody and monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) MS24, P3X2551368+MS24, and MS273, but positive with anti‐RhCe MoAb‐BS58. The same pattern was observed in sample withRHD*DIVa/RHCE*ceTI.

CONCLUSION

Our survey indicated an uneven distribution ofRHvariant alleles between Dogon and Fulani, suggesting that study in well‐documented cohorts is warranted. A high incidence of predicted partial‐C phenotype encoded byRHCE*Ce‐D(4)‐cewas found in Fulani. Further study will also be needed to clarify the clinical significance of the newDIVa/ceTI(D2)haplotype encoding partial D and variant ce antigens.
Failure Prediction of Unidirectional Composites Undergoing Large Deformations1
Authors: Aboudi Jacob , Volokh Konstantin Y.
Published: April 2015

In previous publications, strain-energy functions with limiters have been introduced for the prediction of onset of failure in monolithic isotropic hyperelastic materials. In the present investigation, such enhanced strain-energy functions whose ability to accumulate energy is limited have been incorporated with a finite strain micromechanical analysis. As a result, macroscopic constitutive equations have been established which are capable to predict the onset of loss of static stability in a hyperelastic phase of composite materials undergoing large deformations. The details of the micromechanical analysis, based on a tangential formulation, for composites with periodic microstructure are presented. The derived micromechanical analysis includes the capability to model a possible imperfect bonding between the composite’s constituents and to provide the field distribution in the composite. The micromechanical method is verified by comparison with analytical and finite difference solutions for porous hyperelastic materials that are valid in some special cases. Results are given for a rubberlike matrix characterized by softening hyperelasticity, reinforced by unidirectional nylon fibers. The response of the composite to various types of loadings is presented up to the onset of loss of static stability at a location within the hyperelastic rubber constituent, and initial failure envelopes are shown.
On Icing and Icing Mitigation of Wind Turbine Blades in Cold Climate
Authors: Sunden Bengt , Wu Zan
Published: April 2015

A review on icing physics, ice detection, anti-icing and de-icing techniques for wind turbines in cold climate has been performed. Typical physical properties of atmospheric icing and the corresponding meteorological parameters are presented. For computational modeling of ice accretion on turbine blades, the LEWINT code was adopted to simulate ice accretion on an aerofoil for a 2 MW wind turbine. Ice sensors and the basic requirements for ice detection on large blades are described. Besides, this paper presents the main passive and active ice mitigation techniques and their advantages and disadvantages. Scope of future work is suggested as wind turbine blades scale up.
Complete Genome Sequences of vB_LmoS_188 and vB_LmoS_293, Two Bacteriophages with Specificity for Listeria monocytogenes Strains of Serotypes 4b and 4e
Authors: Casey Aidan , Jordan Kieran , Coffey Aidan , McAuliffe Olivia
Published: April 2015

Listeria monocytogenes
is responsible for the rare disease listeriosis, which is associated with the consumption of contaminated food products. We report here the complete genome sequences of vB_LmoS_188 and vB_LmoS_293, phages isolated from environmental sources and that have host specificity for
L. monocytogenes
strains of the 4b and 4e serotypes.
Genome Sequence of Bluetongue Virus Type 2 from India: Evidence for Reassortment between Outer Capsid Protein Genes
Authors: Maan Sushila , Maan Narender S. , Belaganahalli Manjunatha N. , Kumar Aman , Batra Kanisht , Rao Pavuluri Panduranga , Hemadri Divakar , Reddy Yella Narasimha , Putty Kalyani , Krishnajyothi Yadlapati , Reddy G. Hanmanth , Singh Karam Pal , Hegde Nagendra R. , Nomikou Kyriaki , Sreenivasulu Daggupati , Mertens Peter P. C.
Published: April 2015

Southern Indian isolate IND1994/01 of bluetongue virus serotype 2 (BTV-2), from the Orbivirus Reference Collection at the Pirbright Institute (
http://www.reoviridae.org/dsRNA_virus_proteins/ReoID/btv-2.htm#IND1994/01
), was sequenced. Its genome segment 6 (Seg-6) [encoding VP5(OCP2)] is identical to that of the Indian BTV-1 isolate (IND2003/05), while Seg-5 and Seg-9 are closely related to isolates from South Africa and the United States, respectively.
Identification of a Genotype VIId Newcastle Disease Virus Isolated from Sansui Sheldrake Ducks in Guizhou Province, China
Authors: Duan Zhiqiang , Ji Xinqin , Xu Houqiang , Zhao Jiafu , Ruan Yong , Chen Jiaqi
Published: April 2015

In this study, we report the complete genome sequence of a novel Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strain, Sheldrake duck/China/Guizhou/SS1/2014, isolated from Sansui Sheldrake duck flocks in Guizhou Province, southwestern China. The genome of this isolate is 15,192 nucleotides in length, which belongs to NDV genotype VIId in class II. This discovery will help us further study the epidemiology characteristics and molecular pathogenesis of genotype VIId NDV in Sansui Sheldrake ducks.
De Novo
Whole-Genome Sequence of Micromonospora carbonacea JXNU-1 with Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Activity, Isolated from Soil Samples
Authors: Jiang Yun , Huang Yun-hong , Long Zhong-er
Published: April 2015

Micromonospora carbonacea
JXNU-1 is an actinomycete with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, isolated from soil samples from the farmland in the area of Yaohu Lake in Nanchang, China. Here, we report the whole-genome sequence of M. carbonacea JXNU-1.
Draft Genome Sequence of NDM-5-Producing Escherichia coli Sequence Type 648 and Genetic Context of
bla
NDM-5
in Australia
Authors: Wailan Alexander M. , Paterson David L. , Caffery Michael , Sowden David , Sidjabat Hanna E.
Published: April 2015

We report here the draft genome sequence of uropathogenic
Escherichia coli
sequence type 648 (ST648) possessing
bla
NDM-5
from a 55-year-old female in Australia with a history of travel to India. The plasmid-mediated
bla
NDM-5
was in a genetic context nearly identical to that of the GenBank entry of an IncX3
bla
NDM-5
plasmid previously reported from India (
Klebsiella pneumoniae
MGR-K194).
Draft Genome Sequence of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, an Emergent Opportunistic Pathogen
Authors: Deligios Massimo , Fraumene Cristina , Abbondio Marcello , Mannazzu Ilaria , Tanca Alessandro , Addis Maria Filippa , Uzzau Sergio
Published: April 2015

Rhodotorula mucilaginosa
, a yeast with valuable biotechnological features, has also been recorded as an emergent opportunistic pathogen that might cause disease in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
R. mucilaginosa
strain C2.5t1, which was isolated from cacao seeds in Cameroon.
Draft Genome Sequence of Exophiala mesophila, a Black Yeast with High Bioremediation Potential
Authors: Tafer Hakim , Lopandic Ksenija , Blasi Barbara , Poyntner Caroline , Sterflinger Katja
Published: April 2015

The fungal genus
Exophiala
comprises both pathogen species, which cause severe infections in humans, and environmental species, which are able to degrade alkylbenzene compounds. The draft genome sequence of Exophiala mesophila presented here is the first genome assembly of an alkylbenzene-degrading organism belonging to the genus
Exophiala
.
Draft Genome Sequences for Canadian Isolates of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense with Weak Virulence on Potato
Authors: Li Xiang (Sean) , Yuan Kat (Xiaoli) , Cullis Jeff , Lévesque C. André , Chen Wen , Lewis Christopher T. , De Boer Solke H.
Published: April 2015

Pectobacterium carotovurum subsp. brasiliense causes soft rot and blackleg diseases on potato. Here, we report the draft genome sequences of three weakly virulent P. carotovurum subsp. brasiliense strains isolated in Canada. Analysis of these genome sequences will help to pinpoint differences in virulence among P. carotovurum subsp. brasiliense strains from tropical/subtropical and temperate regions, such as Canada and United States. A small number of key factors for adaptation to this bacterium's specific environmental niche were also evaluated.
Genome Sequences of Two Bovine Mastitis-Causing Escherichia coli Strains
Authors: Kempf Florent , Loux Valentin , Germon Pierre
Published: April 2015

Escherichia coli
is one of the main pathogenic agents causing inflammatory infections in the bovine udder. Here, we report the draft genome sequences of two strains isolated from different cases of clinical mastitis.
Draft Genome Sequence of Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase-Producing Acinetobacter baumannii Strain M3AC9-7, Isolated from Puerto Rico
Authors: Martínez Teresa , Ropelewski Alexander J. , González-Mendez Ricardo , Vázquez Guillermo J. , Robledo Iraida E.
Published: April 2015

We report the draft genome of a multidrug resistant,
Klebsiella pneumoniae
carbapenemase (KPC)-producing
Acinetobacter baumannii
strain M3AC9-7 that belongs to the novel sequence type, ST250. The draft genome consists of a total length of 4.09 Mbp and a G+C content of 38.95%.
Complete Genome Sequence of Gardnerella vaginalis Strain JCM 11026
T
, Isolated from Vaginal Tracts of Women
Authors: Oshima Kenshiro , Hisamatsu Shin , Toh Hidehiro , Nakano Akiyo , Kiuchi Misa , Kuroyanagi Hiromi , Morita Hidetoshi , Hattori Masahira
Published: April 2015

Gardnerella vaginalis
strain JCM 11026
T
was isolated from vaginal tracts of women. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of this organism.
Reversal of intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD): emphasis on its multifactorial nature
Authors: Hvas Christian , Kodjabashia Kamelia , Nixon Emma , Hayes Stephen , Farrer Kirstine , Abraham Arun , Lal Simon
Published: April 2015

Patients with intestinal failure (IF) and home parenteral nutrition commonly develop abnormal liver function tests. The presentations of IF-associated liver disease (IFALD) range from mild cholestasis or steatosis to cirrhosis and decompensated liver disease. We describe the reversal of IFALD in an adult patient with IF secondary to severe Crohn's disease and multiple small bowel resections. The patient developed liver dysfunction and pathology consistent with IFALD. Multiple causal factors were implicated, including nutrition-related factors, catheter sepsis and the use of hepatotoxic medications. Multidisciplinary treatment in a tertiary IF referral centre included aggressive sepsis management, discontinuation of hepatotoxic medications and a reduction of parenteral nutrition dependency through optimisation of enteral nutrition via distal enteral tube feeding. Upon this, liver function tests normalised.
The Great Pretender: early syphilis mimicking acute sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: Wallace H E , Harrison L C , Monteiro E F , Jones R L
Published: April 2015

A 36-year old man with known HIV infection presented to an outpatient genitourinary service with jaundice, rash and sore throat. Investigations revealed marked biochemical abnormalities, including alkaline phosphatase and alanine transaminase >10 times the upper limit of normal. Liver ultrasound was normal, but stricturing and beading of the intrahepatic biliary tree was seen on magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), similar to changes associated with sclerosing cholangitis. Serological syphilis antibodies were detected with a positive immunoglobulin M (IgM) and rapid plasma reagin of 1:128, in keeping with early infection. Liver biopsy showed large bile duct obstruction with portal oedema, bilirubinostasis and neutrophil polymorph infiltration around proliferating ductules; specific stains for spirochaetes were negative. Symptoms and biochemical markers improved rapidly after treatment for secondary syphilis with oral steroids and intramuscular benzathine penicillin. A repeat MRCP 18 months post syphilis treatment showed resolution. This case illustrates syphilis presenting as acute sclerosing cholangitis.