bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Host Restriction Factor A3G Inhibits the Replication of Enterovirus D68 by Competitively Binding the 5′ Untranslated Region with PCBP1
Authors: Li Zhaolong , Yang Xu , Zhao Zhilei , Liu Xin , Zhang Wenyan
Published: November 2021

As the two major pathogens causing hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), enterovirus 71 (EV71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CA16) attract a lot of attention for the study of their pathogenesis, their involvement with cellular proteins, and so on. However, other EVs such as CA6 and EVD68 constantly occur sporadically or have spread worldwide in recent years.
Expression of a Cutinase of
Moniliophthora roreri
with Polyester and PET-Plastic Residues Degradation Activity
Authors: Vázquez-Alcántara Laura , Oliart-Ros Rosa María , García-Bórquez Arturo , Peña-Montes Carolina
Published: November 2021

Plastic pollution is exponentially increasing; even the G20 has recognized an urgent need to implement actions to reduce it. In recent years, searching for enzymes that can degrade plastics, especially those based on polyesters such as PET, has been increasing as they can be a green alternative to the actual plastic degradation process.
Combining Colistin with Furanone C-30 Rescues Colistin Resistance of Gram-Negative Bacteria
in Vitro
and
in Vivo
Authors: Zhang Ying , Lin Yishuai , Zhang Xiaodong , Chen Liqiong , Xu Chunyan , Liu Shixing , Cao Jianming , Zheng Xiangkuo , Jia Huaiyu , Chen Lijiang , Zhou Tieli
Published: November 2021

Colistin is among the few antibiotics effective against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) clinical isolates. However, colistin-resistant GNB strains have emerged in recent years.
Assessment of the
In Vitro
and
In Vivo
Antifungal Activity of NSC319726 against Candida auris
Authors: Li Jizhou , Coste Alix T. , Bachmann Daniel , Sanglard Dominique , Lamoth Frederic
Published: November 2021

Candida auris
is emerging as a major public health threat because of its ability to cause nosocomial outbreaks of severe invasive candidiasis. Management of
C. auris
infection is difficult because of its frequent multidrug-resistant profile for currently licensed antifungals.
Supplemental Material: The formation of high-Sr/Y plutons in cordilleran-arc crust by crystal accumulation and melt loss
Authors: Brackman Adam J. , Schwartz Joshua J.
Published: November 2021

Bulk-rock and mineral geochemical data
Supplemental Material: Paleo–Pacific plate subduction on the eastern Asian margin: Insights from the Jurassic foreland system of the overriding plate
Authors: Qiu Liang , al. et
Published: November 2021

Supplement 1: Analytical methods; Supplement 2: Data tables: Zircon U-Pb data table; Supplement 3: REE pattern of the detrital zircon.
Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis assessing the effectiveness of deprescribing in falls prevention in older people
Authors: Seppala Lotta J , Kamkar Nellie , Ryg Jesper , Masud Tahir , Daams Joost , Montero-Odasso Manuel M , Hartikainen Sirpa , Petrovic Mirko , van der Velde Nathalie
Published: November 2021

Introduction

One of the known risk factors for fall incidents is the use of specific medications, fall-risk-increasing drugs (FRIDs). However, to date, there is uncertainty related to the effectiveness of deprescribing as a single intervention in falls prevention. Thus, a comprehensive update of the literature focusing on all settings in which older people receive healthcare and all deprescribing interventions is warranted to enhance the current knowledge.

Methods and analysis

This systematic review protocol follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A systematic search was performed in Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, Embase and PsycINFO (2 November 2020). We will also search in trial registers. We will include randomised controlled trials, in which any deprescribing intervention is compared with usual care and reports falls as an outcome. Both title and abstract screening and full-text screening will be done by two reviewers. The Cochrane Collaboration revised tool of Risk of Bias will be applied to perform risk of bias assessment. We will categorise the results separately for every setting. If a group of sufficiently comparable studies will be identified, we will perform a meta-analysis applying random effects model. We will investigate heterogeneity using a combination of visual inspection of the forest plot along with consideration of the χ2test and the I2statistic results. We have prespecified several subgroup and sensitivity analyses.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethics approval is not applicable for this study since no original data will be collected. The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication and conference presentations. Furthermore, this systematic review will inform the recommendations of working group of polypharmacy and FRIDs of the anticipated World’s Falls Guidelines.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42020218231.
Association of chiropractic integration in an Ontario community health centre with prescription opioid use for chronic non-cancer pain: a mixed methods study protocol
Authors: Emary Peter C , Oremus Mark , Mbuagbaw Lawrence , Busse Jason W
Published: November 2021

Introduction

Emerging evidence from a number of primary care centres suggests that integration of chiropractic services into chronic pain management is associated with improved clinical outcomes and high patient satisfaction as well as with reductions in physician visits, specialist referrals use of advanced imaging and prescribing of analgesics. However, formal assessments of the integration of chiropractic services into primary care settings are sparse, and the impact of such integration on prescription opioid use in chronic pain management remains uncertain. To help address this knowledge gap, we will conduct a mixed methods health service evaluation of an integrated chiropractic back pain programme in an urban community health centre in Ontario, Canada. This centre provides services to vulnerable populations with high unemployment rates, multiple comorbidities and musculoskeletal disorders that are commonly managed with prescription opioids.

Methods and analysis

We will use a sequential explanatory mixed methods design, which consists of a quantitative phase followed by a qualitative phase. In the quantitative phase, we will conduct a retrospective chart review and evaluate whether receipt of chiropractic services is associated with reduced opioid use among patients already prescribed opioid therapy for chronic pain. We will measure opioid prescriptions (ie, opioid fills, number of refills and dosages) by reviewing electronic medical records of recipients and non-recipients of chiropractic services between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2020 and use multivariable regression analysis to examine the association. In the qualitative phase, we will conduct in-depth, one-on-one interviews of patients and their general practitioners to explore perceptions of chiropractic integration and its impact on opioid use.

Ethics and dissemination

This study was approved by the Hamilton Integrated Research Ethics Board at McMaster University (approval number 2021–10930). The results will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and in-person or webinar presentations to community members and healthcare professionals.
Effects of a workplace exercise intervention on cardiometabolic health: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Alrahma Ali Muneer , Habib Mansoor Anwar , Oulhaj Abderrahim , Loney Tom , Boillat Thomas , Shah Syed M , Ahmed Luai A , Nauman Javaid
Published: November 2021

Introduction

The worldwide rising levels of physical inactivity especially in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and the Eastern Mediterranean region are alarming. The UAE reports one of the highest rates of non-communicable disease mortality and insufficient physical activity (PA) is a major underlying cause. Therefore, action is required to reduce physical inactivity using evidence-based strategies. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a worksite exercise intervention on cardiometabolic health in the UAE.

Methods and analysis

This is a protocol for a pragmatic parallel randomised controlled trial with a 1:1 allocation ratio to the intervention group and delayed intervention group. A total of 150 participants will be recruited from a semigovernment telecommunications company in Dubai (UAE) after meeting the eligibility criteria. The intervention group will receive 2 hours of exercise per week during working hours for 12 weeks (maximum 1 hour/day). The intervention group will be assigned to attend personal trainer sessions in the workplace gym throughout the intervention period. After the intervention is completed, the delayed intervention group will also receive 2 hours of exercise time per week from working hours for 4 weeks. The main outcome measure is the change in the cardiometabolic risk components, that is, systolic or diastolic blood pressure, waist circumference, glycated haemoglobin, fasting plasma glucose, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol from baseline to the end of the intervention. The secondary outcome is to examine whether the workplace exercise intervention improves PA levels 4 weeks postintervention.

Ethics and dissemination

The study has been approved by the Dubai Scientific Research Ethics Committee (DSREC-SR-08/2019_02). The results will be disseminated as follows: at various national and international scientific conferences; as part of a PhD thesis in Public Health at the College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University; and in a manuscript submitted to a peer-reviewed journal.

Trial registration number

NCT04403789.
Physical activity and sedentary behaviour in current and former recreational and elite cricketers: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Panagodage-Perera Nirmala K , Bullock Garrett Scott , Arden Nigel K , Filbay Stephanie R
Published: November 2021

Objective

Former sports participants do not necessarily maintain high levels of physical activity (PA) across their lifespan. Considering physical inactivity in former athletes is associated with an increased susceptibility to inactivity-related chronic diseases, research into PA behaviours in cricketers of all playing-standards is needed. The objective was to (1) describe PA and sedentary behaviour in current and former cricketers, and (2) determine the odds of current, former, recreational and elite cricketers meeting PA guidelines and health-enhancing PA (HEPA) compared with the general population.

Study design

Cross-sectional survey.

Setting

Questionnaire response, UK.

Participants

2267 current and former cricketers (age: 52±15 years, male: 97%, current: 59%, recreational: 45%) participated. Cricketers were recruited through the Cricket Health and Wellbeing Study and met eligibility requirements (aged ≥18 years; played ≥1 year of cricket).

Primary and secondary outcomes

Age-matched and sex-matched data from Health Survey for England 2015 (n=3201) was used as the general population-based sample. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short-Form assessed PA. Logistic regression, adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, alcohol consumption, smoking, education and ethnicity were used to meet the second aim.

Results

90% of current and 82% of former cricketers met UK PA guidelines. Current (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.49)) and elite (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.78) cricketers had greater odds of meeting UK PA guidelines, and elite cricketers had greater odds of HEPA (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.42), compared with the general population. Former cricketers had reduced odds (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.99) of meeting the UK PA guidelines compared with the general population.

Conclusions

Elite cricketers had a greater odds of meeting the PA guidelines and HEPA, compared with the general population. Former cricketers demonstrated reduced odds of meeting the PA guidelines compared with the general population. Strategies are needed to transition cricketers to an active lifestyle after retirement, since former cricketers demonstrated reduced odds of meeting the PA guidelines compared with the general population.
Lived experiences of patients with placenta accreta spectrum in Utah: a qualitative study of semi-structured interviews
Authors: Einerson Brett D , Watt Melissa H , Sartori Brittney , Silver Robert , Rothwell Erin
Published: November 2021

Objective

To describe the lived experience of patients undergoing diagnosis and treatment of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS).

Design

Qualitative study of semi-structured interviews. A content analysis was used to analyse interview data using a consistent set of codes to designate data segments that contain similar material. Codes were analysed and grouped based on thematic similarities. Thematic results were systematically reviewed, verified and audited to address trustworthiness and rigour of the data and analysis.

Setting

A single PAS programme in Utah, USA, from 2017 to 2020.

Participants

Patients with PAS during the study period were eligible. Those experiencing fetal demise or termination were excluded. Of 25 patients contacted at random, 17 agreed to participate in interviews. Those included were predominantly non-Hispanic white, highly parous, with average age of 34.7 years.

Results

The lived experiences of patients with PAS emerged across the time continuum from diagnosis, pregnancy, birth, to postpartum care and recovery. Themes common across the care continuum were: the emotional burden of diagnosis and management; fear and uncertainty related to health outcomes; and lack of autonomy and medical helplessness related to medical decision-making. Many patients experienced birth-related trauma, mourned the loss of future fertility and were dissatisfied with the lack of options for treatment for this serious pregnancy complication.

Conclusions

Patients undergoing diagnosis and treatment for PAS often experienced care that conflicted with their goals for pregnancy and birth. Clinical care for PAS would benefit from interventions aiming to engage patients and providers in shared decision-making and systems designed to address the social, psychological and emotional needs of patients with PAS.
Experimental Study on Stress Wave Propagation Crossing the Jointed Specimen with Different JRCs
Authors: Hong S.N. , Li H.B. , Rong L.F.
Published: November 2021

Most of the rock masses in the outer crust of the Earth are discontinuous. They are divided by joints, faults, fractures, etc. And those discontinuities, generally referred to as joints, greatly affect the property of the rock masses. The paper experimentally investigates the stress wave propagation crossing the jointed specimens. The tests were conducted on the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB). The test specimens consist of two parts cast by cement mortar. Both parts have an irregular surface, and they were designed to match each other completely. The surfaces where two parts meet make an artificial joint. The surfaces of the joints were scanned by a three‐dimensional scanner to obtain its actual topography and then to calculate the roughness of the surface, i.e., the joint roughness coefficient (JRC). A set of jointed specimens with JRC ranging from 0 to 20 were made and used in dynamic compression experiments. During the tests, signals were captured by strain gauges stuck on the incident and transmitted bars of the SHPB apparatus. The incident, reflected, and transmitted waves across the jointed specimens were obtained from the test records. We found out that more stress wave would transmit through the jointed specimen with larger JRC. Besides, collected data were processed to get the dynamic stress‐strain relation of jointed specimens and the stress‐closure curves of the joints. The results show that the joint increases the deformation of the specimen, and the stiffness of the jointed specimen would increase slightly when the joint is rougher.
Nanotechnology-Based Sensitive Biosensors for COVID-19 Prediction Using Fuzzy Logic Control
Authors: Maheshwari Vikas , Mahmood Md Rashid , Sravanthi Sumukham , Arivazhagan N. , ParimalaGandhi A. , Srihari K. , Sagayaraj R. , Udayakumar E. , Natarajan Yuvaraj , Bachanna Prashant , Sundramurthy Venkatesa Prabhu
Published: November 2021

Increasing the growth of big data, particularly in healthcare-Internet of Things (IoT) and biomedical classes, tends to help patients by identifying the disease early through methods for the analysis of medical data. Hence, nanotechnology-based IOT biosensors play a significant role in the medical field. Problem. However, the consistency continues to decrease where missing data occurs in such medical data from nanotechnology-based IOT biosensors. Furthermore, each region has its own special features, which further lowers the accuracy of prediction. The proposed model initially reconstructs lost or partial data in order to address the challenge of handling the medical data structures with incomplete data. Methods. An adaptive architecture is proposed to enhance the computing capabilities to predict the disease automatically. The medical databases are managed by unpredictable environments. This optimized paradigm for diagnosis produces the fuzzy, genetically categorized decision tree algorithm. This work uses a normalized classifier namely fuzzy-based decision tree (FDT) algorithm for classifying the data collected via nanotechnology-based IOT biosensors, and this helps in the identification of nondeterministic instances from unstructured datasets relating to the medical diagnosis. The FDT algorithm is further enhanced by using genetic algorithms for effective classification of instances. Finally, the proposed system uses two larger datasets to verify the predictive precision. In order to describe a fuzzy decision tree algorithm based upon the fitness function value, a modified decision classification rule is used. The structure and unstructured databases are configured for processing. Results and Conclusions. This evaluation of test patterns helps to track the efficiency of FDT with optimized rules during the training and testing stages. The proposed method is validated against nanotechnology-based IOT biosensors data in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, andF-measure. The results of the simulation show that the proposed method achieves a higher rate of accuracy than the other methods. Other metrics relating to the model with and without feature selection show an improved sensitivity, specificity, andF-measure rate than the existing methods.
Adaptive Extraction of Oil Painting Texture Features Based on Reaction Diffusion Equation
Authors: Huang Qicai
Published: November 2021

The oil painting retrieval technology based on the reaction diffusion equation has attracted widespread attention in the fields of oil painting processing and pattern recognition. The description and extraction of oil painting information and the classification method of oil paintings are two important processes in content-based oil painting retrieval. Inspired by the restoration and decomposition functional model of equal oil painting, we propose a reaction diffusion equation model. The new model contains two reaction diffusion equations with different principal parts. One principal part is total variation diffusion, which is used to remove noise. The other main part is thermal diffusion, which is used to modify the source term of the denoising reaction-diffusion equation to achieve the effect of protecting the texture of the oil painting. The interaction of the two reaction-diffusion equations finally achieves denoising while maintaining the boundaries and textures. Under the framework of the above reaction diffusion equation model, we introduce Laplace flow to replace the original total variation flow, so that the new denoising reaction diffusion equation combines the isotropic diffusion and total variation flow of the thermal reaction diffusion equation to achieve the effect of adaptive theoretical research. Using regularization methods and methods, we, respectively, get the well-posedness of the two model solutions, which provides the necessary preparation for numerical calculations. Based on the statistical theory and classification principles of support vector machines, combined with the characteristics of oil painting classification, the research and analysis are carried out from the three important aspects of kernel function, training algorithm, and multiclass classifier algorithm that affect the classification effect and speed. Numerical experiments show that the given filter model has a better processing effect on images with different types and different degrees of noise pollution. On this basis, an oil painting classification system based on texture features is designed, combined with an improved gray-level cooccurrence matrix algorithm and a multiclass support vector machine classification model, to extract, train, and classify oil paintings. Experiments with three types of oil paintings prove that the system can achieve a good oil painting classification effect. Different from the original model, the new model is based on the framework of reaction-diffusion equations. In addition, the new model has good effects in removing step effects, maintaining boundaries and denoising, especially in maintaining texture.
On the Study of Reverse Degree-Based Topological Properties for the Third Type of
p
th
Chain Hex-Derived Network
Authors: Koam Ali N. A. , Ahmad Ali , Qummer Ashfaq Ahmed
Published: November 2021

Vertices and edges are made from a network, with the degree of a vertex referring to the number of connected edges. The chance of every vertex possessing a given degree is represented by a network’s degree appropriation, which reveals important global network characteristics. Many fields, including sociology, public health, business, medicine, engineering, computer science, and basic sciences, use network theory. Logistical networks, gene regulatory networks, metabolic networks, social networks, and driven networks are some of the most significant networks. In physical, theoretical, and environmental chemistry, a topological index is a numerical value assigned to a molecular structure/network that is used for correlation analysis. Hexagonal networks of dimension

t

are used to build hex-derived networks, which have a wide range of applications in computer science, medicine, and engineering. For the third type of hex-derived networks, topological indices of reverse degree based are discussed in this study.
Pairwise Biological Network Alignment Based on Discrete Bat Algorithm
Authors: Chen Jing , Zhang Ying , Xia Jin-Fang
Published: November 2021

The development of high-throughput technology has provided a reliable technical guarantee for an increased amount of available data on biological networks. Network alignment is used to analyze these data to identify conserved functional network modules and understand evolutionary relationships across species. Thus, an efficient computational network aligner is needed for network alignment. In this paper, the classic bat algorithm is discretized and applied to the network alignment. The bat algorithm initializes the population randomly and then searches for the optimal solution iteratively. Based on the bat algorithm, the global pairwise alignment algorithm BatAlign is proposed. In BatAlign, the individual velocity and the position are represented by a discrete code. BatAlign uses a search algorithm based on objective function that uses the number of conserved edges as the objective function. The similarity between the networks is used to initialize the population. The experimental results showed that the algorithm was able to match proteins with high functional consistency and reach a relatively high topological quality.
The Regulation Effect of α7nAChRs and M1AChRs on Inflammation and Immunity in Sepsis
Authors: Hu Song , Wang Yundong , Li Hongbing
Published: November 2021

The inflammatory storm in the early stage and immunosuppression in the late stage are responsible for the high mortality rates and multiple organ dysfunction in sepsis. In recent years, studies have found that the body’s cholinergic system can spontaneously and dynamically regulate inflammation and immunity in sepsis according to the needs of the body. Firstly, the vagus nerve senses and regulates local or systemic inflammation by means of the Cholinergic Anti-inflammatory Pathway (CAP) and activation of α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7nAChRs); thus, α7nAChRs play important roles for the central nervous system (CNS) to modulate peripheral inflammation; secondly, the activation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors 1 (M1AChRs) in the forebrain can affect the neurons of the Medullary Visceral Zone (MVZ), the core of CAP, to regulate systemic inflammation and immunity. Based on the critical role of these two cholinergic receptor systems in sepsis, it is necessary to collect and analyze the related findings in recent years to provide ideas for further research studies and clinical applications. By consulting the related literature, we draw some conclusions: MVZ is the primary center for the nervous system to regulate inflammation and immunity. It coordinates not only the sympathetic system and vagus system but also the autonomic nervous system and neuroendocrine system to regulate inflammation and immunity; α7nAChRs are widely expressed in immune cells, neurons, and muscle cells; the activation of α7nAChRs can suppress local and systemic inflammation; the expression of α7nAChRs represents the acute or chronic inflammatory state to a certain extent; M1AChRs are mainly expressed in the advanced centers of the brain and regulate systemic inflammation; neuroinflammation of the MVZ, hypothalamus, and forebrain induced by sepsis not only leads to their dysfunctions but also underlies the regulatory dysfunction on systemic inflammation and immunity. Correcting the neuroinflammation of these regulatory centers and adjusting the function of α7nAChRs and M1AChRs may be two key strategies for the treatment of sepsis in the future.
NT-proBNP and Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients with ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Who Received Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Qin Zuoan , Du Yaoyao , Zhou Quan , Lu Xuelin , Luo Li , Zhang Zhixiang , Guo Ning , Ge Liangqing
Published: November 2021

Background. The prognostic significance of the amino-terminal fragment of the prohormone brain-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has not been fully elucidated. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) are clinically viable indicators for the accurate, rapid, and safe evaluation of patients with STEMI. This study was designed to investigate the relationship between NT-proBNP levels and the occurrence of short-term MACEs in patients with STEMI who underwent emergency PCI. Methods. This prospective cohort study included 405 patients with STEMI aged 20–90 years who underwent emergency PCI at the First People’s Hospital of Changde City from April 6, 2017, to May 31, 2019. Stent thrombosis, reinfarction, congestive heart failure, unstable angina, and cardiac death were considered as MACEs in this study. The target-independent and -dependent variables were NT-proBNP at baseline and MACE, respectively. Results. There were 28.25% of MACEs. Age, number of implanted stents, Killip class, infarction-related artery, applied intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP), creatine kinase (CK) peak value, CK-MB peak value, TnI peak value, and ST-segment resolution were independently associated with MACE (

P
<
0.05

). In a multivariate model, after adjusting all potential covariates, Log2 NT-proBNP levels remained significantly associated with MACE, with an inflection point of 11.66. The effect sizes and confidence intervals of the left and right sides of the inflection point were 1.07 and 0.84–1.36 (

P
=
0.5730

) and 3.47 and 2.06–5.85 (

P
<
0.0001

), respectively. Conclusions. In patients with STEMI who underwent PCI, Log2 NT-proBNP was positively correlated with MACE within 1 month when the Log2 NT-proBNP was >11.66 (NT-proBNP >3.236 pg/mL).
Low Pain Tolerance Is Associated With Coronary Angiography, Coronary Artery Disease, and Mortality: The Tromsø Study
Authors: Fladseth Kristina , Lindekleiv Haakon , Nielsen Christopher , Øhrn Andrea , Kristensen Andreas , Mannsverk Jan , Løchen Maja‐Lisa , Njølstad Inger , Wilsgaard Tom , Mathiesen Ellisiv B , Stubhaug Audun , Trovik Thor , Rotevatn Svein , Forsdahl Signe , Schirmer Henrik
Published: November 2021

Background

The initial presentation to coronary angiography and extent of coronary artery disease (CAD) vary greatly among patients, from ischemia with no obstructive CAD to myocardial infarction with 3‐vessel disease. Pain tolerance has been suggested as a potential mechanism for the variation in presentation of CAD. We aimed to investigate the association between pain tolerance, coronary angiography, CAD, and death.

Methods and Results

We identified 9576 participants in the Tromsø Study (2007–2008) who completed the cold‐pressor pain test, and had no prior history of CAD. The median follow‐up time was 10.4 years. We applied Cox‐regression models with age as time‐scale to calculate hazard ratios (HR). More women than men aborted the cold pressor test (39% versus 23%). Participants with low pain tolerance had 19% increased risk of coronary angiography (HR, 1.19 [95% CI, 1.03–1.38]) and 22% increased risk of obstructive CAD (HR, 1.22 [95% CI, 1.01–1.47]) adjusted by age as time‐scale and sex. Among women who underwent coronary angiography, low pain tolerance was associated with 54% increased risk of obstructive CAD (HR, 1.54 [95% CI, 1.09–2.18]) compared with high pain tolerance. There was no association between pain tolerance and nonobstructive CAD or clinical presentation to coronary angiography (ie, stable angina, unstable angina, and myocardial infarction). Participants with low pain tolerance had increased risk of mortality after adjustment for CAD and cardiovascular risk factors (HR, 1.40 [95% CI, 1.19–1.64]).

Conclusions

Low cold pressor pain tolerance is associated with a higher risk of coronary angiography and death.
The Anatomy of Stalinist Police States
Authors: Pucci Molly
Published: November 2021

This article examines the building of Communist surveillance networks in Czechoslovakia and Poland in the early 1950s, focusing on the methods employed by the operational divisions of the secret police in these countries and their system of “preventative policing,” and shows how the secret police networks shaped the information reaching Communist party leaders and Soviet advisers in East-Central Europe during the Stalinist period. By examining how the regimes collected information on the economy, religious institutions, higher education, and other areas of everyday life, the article traces how blanket surveillance networks became more institutionalized, insular, and scripted over time, hindering the state's ability to collect and process meaningful information. These problems were symptomatic of larger informational barriers facing Soviet-style regimes.
The U.S. State Department's Opposition to Zionist Aspirations during the Early Cold War
Authors: Herf Jeffrey
Published: November 2021

In the latter half of the 1940s, senior U.S. national security officials opposed Zionist aspirations for an independent state and sought to keep the Truman administration from actively facilitating that effort. Even though President Harry Truman himself expressed strong public backing for the new state of Israel, the reality, as recognized at the time by Israel's leaders and by prominent U.S. liberal political leaders and journalists, was that the United States was less firm, less consistent, and less consequential in supporting the establishment of the state of Israel than were the Soviet Union and the Communist states of Eastern Europe, especially Czechoslovakia and Poland. The situation that existed in 1947--1948, with significant U.S. government opposition and Soviet-bloc support for Israel, is evident from declassified files of the U.S. State Department and public records of the United Nations (UN).
Structural Change and Internal Labor Migration: Evidence from the Great Depression
Authors: Boone Christopher D. A. , Wilse-Samson Laurence
Published: November 2021

We analyze sectoral labor reallocation and the reversal of urbanization in the United States during the Great Depression. The widespread movement to farms, which serves as a form of migratory insurance during the crisis, is largely toward farms with low levels of mechanization. In contrast, the mechanized agricultural sector sheds workers, many of whom reallocate into low-productivity or subsistence farming. The crisis perverts the normal process of structural change in which workers displaced by farm equipment are released into more productive occupations, suggesting that macroeconomic fluctuations are an important factor determining the labor market consequences of technological change.
Household Inflation Expectations and Consumer Spending: Evidence from Panel Data
Authors: Burke Mary A. , Ozdagli Ali
Published: November 2021

Recent research offers mixed results concerning the relationship between inflation expectations and consumption, using qualitative measures of readiness to spend. We revisit this question using survey panel data of actual spending from the United States between 2009 and 2012 that also allows us to control for household heterogeneity. We find that durables spending increases with expected inflation only for selected types of households while nondurables spending does not respond to expected inflation. Moreover, spending decreases with expected unemployment. These results imply a limited stimulating effect of inflation expectations on aggregate consumption, which could be reversed if inflation and unemployment expectations move together.
Existence and Uniqueness of Solutions to Dynamic Models with Occasionally Binding Constraints
Authors: Holden Tom D.
Published: November 2021

Occasionally binding constraints (OBCs) like the zero lower bound (ZLB) can lead to multiple equilibria, and so to belief-driven recessions. To aid in finding policies that avoid this, we derive existence and uniqueness conditions for otherwise linear models with OBCs. Our main result gives necessary and sufficient conditions for such models to have a unique (“determinate”) perfect foresight solution returning to a given steady state, for any initial condition. While standard New Keynesian models have multiple perfect-foresight paths eventually escaping the ZLB, price level targeting restores uniqueness. We also derive equilibrium existence conditions under rational expectations for arbitrary nonlinear models.
Are Women Liable for Blood-Money Payment?
Authors: Tsafrir Nurit
Published: November 2021

Against the view that only men are liable for blood-money payment due for homicide, which goes back to pre-Islamic custom and was adopted by the Sharīʿa, by the fifth/eleventh century a new opinion appeared in Ḥanafī doctrine. According to this opinion, women who perpetrated a homicide were required to pay a share of the blood money due. Examining the context of this opinion in Ḥanafī literature, I suggest that it reflects the jurists’ tendency to put more weight on the Islamic principle of individual responsibility, regardless of gender. I propose that this opinion developed among Persian Ḥanafīs in eastern Iran, and follow the path through which it was incorporated into Ḥanafī standard law. Finally, I estimate the extent to which this opinion did influence Ḥanafī doctrine.
The Perception of Women in Trabzon Sharīʿa Court Records
Authors: Özcan Asli
Published: November 2021

Being a woman in Muslim or other religious societies does not include a process in which only religious rules are in effect. Instead, the experiences of women are determined by political, social, and economic conditions, and reflect the cultural precedents created by past societies, whether Muslim or not. Hence, the way women are described in a society they belong in emerges as a cultural reflection that bears each and every element in that particular society. Therefore, it is not possible to consider apart from this circumstance the descriptions of women in Ottoman Trabzon Sharīʿa court records. In this study, the definitions of women who lived in Ottoman Trabzon over their gender and, occasionally, their sexuality, reflected in the discourses of Sharīʿa courts are discussed, and the social and legal status of such women is examined. This investigation is placed within the framework of religious and cultural conditions which impacted such definitions and descriptions. This study has been based on evidence available in early seventeenth-century Ottoman Trabzon Sharīʿa court records.
Parliamentary activity and the General Data Protection Regulation (gdpr)
Authors: Lazarakos Grigoris
Published: November 2021

In light of the recent cjeu case C-272/19 of 9 July 2020 (vq v. Land Hessen), debates commenced within various European Parliaments regarding the material scope of application of the General Data Protection Regulation (gdpr) to data processing in parliamentary core areas. This case study focuses on Greece, and aims at highlighting the points of intersection and tension between parliamentary action – in particular the institution of parliamentary control – and the protection of personal data, as they emerge from the practice of the Hellenic Data Protection Authority (“hdpa”) and the Hellenic Parliament. It further makes proposals to end the current fragmentation in the implementation of data protection across the European Parliaments and to ensure consistent and homogenous application of the data protection rules in relation to core parliamentary activities throughout the European Union.
The identity of Phlomoides pararotata (Lamiaceae, Lamioideae)
Authors: ZHAO YUE , CHEN YA-PING , LIU DE-TUAN , TURDIMATOVICHC TURGINOV ORZIMAT , LIANG CUN-ZHU , XIANG CHUN-LEI
Published: November 2021

This paper presents a re-evaluation of the taxonomic identity of Phlomoides pararotata. Based on a comparative study of morphology and type material as well as field investigations, P. pararotata is synonymized with P. burmanica. Leaf features as well as bract morphology of this species are described.
Taxonomic notes on Agapetes (Ericaceae) from Xizang, China: Agapetes leiocarpa, a new synonym of A. atrosanguinea, and an updated description of A. camelliifolia
Authors: YANG BIN , WANG PING-YUAN , TONG YI-HUA , TAN YUN-HONG
Published: November 2021

Based on field investigations and a review of relevant literature and specimens, Agapetes leiocarpa is shown to be conspecific with A. atrosanguinea and thus is reduced as a synonym under the latter. The floral morphology of A. camelliifolia is described for the first time based on living collections from the wild. Revised descriptions, color plates and taxonomic notes of these two species are also provided.
Partial taxonomic revision of Amphoriscus Haeckel, 1870 (Porifera: Calcarea), with description of A. decennis sp. nov.
Authors: CHAGAS CLÉSLEI , CAVALCANTI FERNANDA F.
Published: November 2021

Amphoriscus is the type genus of the family Amphoriscidae. Since its nomination in the 19th century, its diagnosis has undergone significant changes. Most of the species currently assigned to Amphoriscus have only been reported once, when they were first described. Furthermore, unlike other Amphoriscidae genera, new Amphoriscus species are not commonly described. Therefore, the understanding of the diversity, distribution, and morphology of the genus remains fragmented, a lacuna that is being filled slowly. In this study, several species were revisited by the redescription of type and/or additional specimens. This results in considerable advances, including changes in the geographical distribution of A. cylindrus and A. chrysalis, a proposal of reallocation of A. dohrni in Leuconia, recognition of A. gastrorhabdifera as incertae sedis, a detailed description of the type species based on a set of specimens and, finally, the description of a new species, A. decennis sp. nov.
The genus Ophiogomphus Lieftinck, 1964 in Vietnam, with descriptions of the female of O. minimus Karube, 2014 and O. phantoani sp. nov. (Odonata: Gomphidae)
Authors: NGO QUOC PHU , NGUYEN MINH TY
Published: November 2021

Description of Ophiogomphus phantoani sp. nov. (Holotype ♂: Dak Re Commune, Song Thanh National Park, Quang Nam Province, central Vietnam, 15.5080 N, 107.4720 E, altitude 1105 m) is based on both sexes. Three other species of Ophiogomphus in Vietnam are recorded with description of the female O. minimus Karube, 2014 for the first time. Keys to males and females of four species from Vietnam are also provided.
Catalogue of the genus Cereopsius Pascoe 1857 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae) in the Philippines with description of a new species from Mindanao
Authors: MEDINA MILTON NORMAN , MANTILLA LESLAE KAY , CABRAS ANALYN , VITALI FRANCESCO
Published: November 2021

The catalogue of the genus Cereopsius Pascoe 1857 fauna of the Philippines is provided, with description of a new species, C. erasmus sp. nov. from Mindanao Island. Additional taxonomic and faunistic notes on the other Philippine species are added.
An overview of “arginussa” species group of Memphis Hübner, [1819], with the description of a new species from Panama (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Charaxinae)
Authors: DIAS FERNANDO M. S. , RILEY THOMAS J. , CASAGRANDE MIRNA M. , MIELKE OLAF H. H.
Published: November 2021

Memphis Hübner, [1819] is a nymphalid butterfly genus exclusive to the Neotropics. It includes species with iridescent bluish or greenish coloration on the upper side of the wings while the underside is cryptic, resembling dead leaves. This paper aims to describe a remarkable new species, M. smalli Riley & Dias sp. nov., from the remote Atlantic slopes of Panama based on molecular and morphological analyses. We also review the taxonomy of species herein included in the “arginussa” species group based on distances analyses of DNA sequence data. The “arginussa” species group, as defined here, includes M. arginussa (Geyer, 1832), M. eubaena (Boisduval, 1870) stat. rest., M. onophis (Felder & Felder, 1861) stat. rest., M. lemons (Druce, 1877), M. neidhoeferi (Rotger, Escalante & Coronado, 1965), M. perenna (Godman & Salvin, [1884]), M. lankesteri (Hall, 1935) stat. rest., M. paulus Costa & Orellana, 2014, M. pithyusa (Felder, 1869), M. herbacea (Butler & Druce, 1872) and M. smalli sp. nov. Anaea pithyusa morena Hall, 1935 syn. nov. is recognized as a synonym of Nymphalis pithyusa Felder, 1869. The new species and its closest ally, M. herbacea, are illustrated, including characters of the head, labial palpus, wings, legs, male and female genitalia and their distribution map.
Review of the genus Sessiluncus (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ologamasidae), description of male and redescription of female of Sessiluncus aegypticus, and notes on some morphological characters of the genus
Authors: KAZEMI SHAHROOZ , NASR ABDELRADY KORASHY , RAMADAN MAHMOUD MOHAMED , KLOMPEN HANS
Published: November 2021

The concept of the genus Sessiluncus G. Canestrini is reviewed, based on a review of the literature and examination of some described and undescribed species. An updated diagnosis of the genus is presented. Valid species of Sessiluncus and their most diagnostic morphological characters are listed. The male of S. aegypticus Nasr & Afifi, 1986 is described for the first time based on specimens collected in Egypt, and the female is redescribed from specimens collected in Egypt and Iran. Sessiluncus oculatus Vitzthum, 1935 is reported from Panama, and supplementary information on S. hungaricus Karg, 1964 and S. oculatus is presented. The labrum, paralabrum and paralabral stylus of S. aegpticus are also described. The idiosomal adenotaxy and poroidotaxy of the genus are described and discussed.
A Novel Deep Learning Model by BiGRU with Attention Mechanism for Tropical Cyclone Track Prediction in the Northwest Pacific
Authors: Song Tao , Li Ying , Meng Fan , Xie Pengfei , Xu Danya
Published: November 2021

Tropical cyclones are among the most powerful and destructive meteorological systems on Earth. In this paper, we propose a novel deep learning model for tropical cyclone track prediction method. Specifically, the track task is regarded as a time series predicting challenge, and then a deep learning framework by a bidirectional gate recurrent unit network (BiGRU) with attention mechanism is developed for track prediction. This proposed model can excavate the effective information of the historical track in a deeper and more accurate way. Data experiments are conducted on tropical cyclone best-track data provided by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) from 1988 to 2017 in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. Results show that our model performs well for tracks of 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h in the future. The prediction results show that our proposed combined model is superior to state-of-the-art deep learning models, including a recurrent neural network (RNN), long short-term memory neural network (LSTM), gate recurrent unit network (GRU), and BiGRU without the use of attention mechanism. In comparison with the methods used by the China Meteorological Administration, Japan Meteorological Agency, and the JTWC, our method has obvious advantages in the mid- to long-term track forecasting, especially in the next 72 h.
Dynamic Causes of ENSO Decay and Its Asymmetry
Authors: Song Xiaomeng , Zhang Renhe , Rong Xinyao
Published: November 2021

El Niño and La Niña exhibit asymmetric evolution characteristics during their decay phases. The decay speed of El Niño is significantly greater than that of La Niña. This study systematically and quantitatively investigates the relative contributions of the equatorial western Pacific (WP) and central-eastern Pacific (CEP) wind stress anomalies to ENSO decay and its asymmetry through data analysis, numerical experiments, and dynamic and thermodynamic diagnoses. It is demonstrated that the sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) forced by the wind stress anomalies in the equatorial CEP play a dominant role in ENSO decay and contribute to ENSO decay asymmetry, while the forcing by the equatorial WP wind stress anomalies has a small contribution. Diagnoses of the oceanic mixed layer heat budget indicate that anomalous zonal advection term and vertical advection term forced by the wind stress anomalies in the equatorial CEP are the most important dynamic terms contributed to ENSO decay. Both terms in El Niño decay phase are much larger than in La Niña decay phase, resulting in a larger decay speed in El Niño than in La Niña. The contributions of these two terms do not depend on the equatorial WP wind field, confirming that the equatorial WP wind stress anomalies do not act as a pivotal part in ENSO asymmetric decay. Moreover, it is demonstrated that within the equatorial CEP, dominant contribution comes from the wind stress anomalies in the equatorial central Pacific, in which those in the equatorial southern central Pacific play a major role.

Significance Statement

Previous studies proposed why wind fields in the equatorial western Pacific (WP) or central-eastern Pacific (CEP) are asymmetric and how the asymmetric wind fields affect ENSO decay and decay asymmetry. By using an oceanic general circulation model, we quantitatively estimate the relative contributions of the wind stress anomalies over the equatorial WP and CEP. It is demonstrated that the wind stress anomalies over the equatorial CEP and the associated ocean response play a dominant role in the asymmetric decay. Additionally, it is further illustrated the predominant role comes from the wind stress anomalies in the equatorial southern central Pacific within the equatorial CEP. Our study provides a physical explanation on the ENSO decay and its asymmetry.