bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERKEMBANGAN DESTINASI WISATA PANTAI TAIPA KECAMATAN LEMBO KABUPATEN KONAWE UTARA (1993 – 2017)
Authors: Karmila Karmila
Published: July 2020

ABSTRAK: Fokus dari penelitian ini adalah (1) apa latar belakang taipa dijadikan sebagai objek wisata pantai? (2) bagaimana usaha pemerintah dalam mempromosikan wisata pantai taipa kecamatan lembo kabupaten konawe utara? (3) bagaimana perkembangan destinasi wisata pantai taipa kecamatan lembo tahun 1993-2017?. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode sejarah menurut Helius Sjamsuddin dengan langkah-langkah sebagai berikut: (a) Heuristik (pengumpulan sumber), yang dilakukan dengan teknik pengamatan, wawancara dan studi dokumen, (b) Kritik, yang dilakukan melalui kritik eksternal dan kritik internal, (c) Historiografi, yang dilakukan secara sistematis melalui tahap interpretasi, eksplanasi, dan ekspose. Dalam tinjauan pustaka penulis menggunakan konsep sejarah, konsep perkembangan, dan destinasi wisata. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa: (1) Latar belakang terbentuknya Taipa sebagai objek wisata yaitu adanya usaha masyarakat Desa Taipa dalam upaya meningkatkan taraf kehidupannya melihat potensi wisata yang akan mendatangkan keuntungan bagi masyarakat Desa Taipa (2) Usaha pemerintah dalam mempromosikan wisata pantai Taipa Kecamatan Lembo Kabupaten Konawe Utara adalah sebagai berikut: (1) Pemerintah mengadakan beberapa event atau festival antara lain: (a) Mengadakan festival Konasara 1, (b) Pemilihan Luale Anandonia Konasara (Duta Pariwisata Kabupaten Konawe Utara), (c) Mengadakan Konasara Photography Contest; (2) Promosi wisata menggunakan media televisi, radio, media cetak dan media sosial. (3) Perkembangan destinasi wisata Pantai Taipa Kecamatan Lembo Kabupaten Konawe Utara tahun 1993-2017 dapat dilihat dari perkembangan sarana dan prasarana sebagai berikut: (1) Periode 1993-2006; pada tahun 1993 belum ada pembangunan, tahun 1998 pembukaan akses jalan menuju pantai Taipa, tahun 2000 pembangunan gazebo sebanyak 6 unit serta pembangunan pintu gerbang masuk kawasan wisata pantai taipa (2) Periode 2007-2017;  tahun 2007 pembangunan toilet umum sebanyak 2 unit, tahun 2010 pembuatan tangga permanen, tahun 2013 pembangunan permanen pintu gerbang, tahun 2014 pembangunan menara pantau, tahun 2015 pembangunan bak sampah sebanyak 10 unit, tahun 2016 penambahan toilet umum sebanyak 6 unit, tahun 2017 pengaspalan jalan, pembangunan jalan pedestrian depan gazebo sepanjang 50 m, pembangunan dermaga sebanyak 2 unit, dan penambahan gazebo semi permanen sebanyak 10 unit. Kata Kunci : Usaha, Destinasi Wisata, Pantai Taipa
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE JIGSAW DALAM MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SOSIOLOGI PADA SISWA KELAS XI IPS 2 SMA NEGERI 1 BOMBANA
Authors: Wulandari Wulandari , Irawaty Irawaty
Published: July 2020

ABSTRAK: Permasalahan pokok dalam penelitian ini adalah: (1) Apakah penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe jigsaw dapat meningkatkan aktivitas mengajar guru sosiologi kelas XI IPS 2 SMA Negeri 1 Bombana? (2) Apakah penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe jigsaw dapat meningkatkan aktivitas belajar siswa pada Mata Pelajaran Sosiologi kelas XI IPS 2 SMA Negeri 1 Bombana? (3) Apakah penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe jigsaw dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada Mata Pelajaran Sosiologi di kelas XI  IPS 2 SMA Negeri 1 Bombana?.Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas. Dalam prosedur pelaksanaannya, penelitian dilaksanakan 2 siklus. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan tes dan observasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan persentase dengan KKM sebesar 85% siswa memperoleh skor minimal 75.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Aktivitas mengajar guru sosiologi dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe jigsaw pada siklus I hanya mencapai 83,33%, hal ini menunjukkan belum tecapainya indikator kinerja yang telah diterapkan yakni 90% dan pada siklus II mengalami peningkatan menjadi 96%. Dengan demikian, telah mencapai indikator kinerja yaitu 90%. (2) Aktivitas belajar sosiologi siswa pada siklus I hanya 79,16% dan pada siklus II mengalami peningkatan menjadi 92% dengan demikian telah mencapai indikator kinerja yaitu 85%. (3) Hasil belajar sosiologi siswa melalui penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe jigsaw meningkat dengan persentase awal pada pada siklus I hanya 45%, hal ini menunjukkan belum tercapainya indikator kinerja yang telah ditetapkan yakni 85%. Pada siklius II mengalami peningkatan menjadi 90%; demikian telah mencapai indikator kinerja yaitu 85%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe jigsaw dapat meningkatkan aktivitas mengajar guru, meningkatkan aktivitas belajar siswa, dan meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada pembelajaran sosiologi siswa kelas XI IPS 2 SMA Negeri 1 Bombana. Kata Kunci: Model, Penarapan, Kooperatif Jigsaw
Aplicabilidad de los Modelos de Madurez de Business Intelligence a PYMES
Authors: González-Varona J.M. , López-Paredes A. , Pajares J. , Acebes F. , Villafáñez F.
Published: July 2020

Las grandes empresas están totalmente involucradas en su transformación digital, y en concreto en el desarrollo de proyectos estratégicos de Business Intelligence (BI). Cuentan con una Estrategia Digital y directivos al más alto nivel gestionando el cambio. En las PYMES también se realizan proyectos de BI. En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de un estudio interpretativo realizado sobre una muestra de PYMES de diferentes sectores, que están realizando proyectos de BI. Estudiamos si los modelos de madurez en BI son válidos para las PYMES y su utilidad para analizar los proyectos y evaluar a su finalización los resultados.
Estudio de los efectos de las condiciones laborales de los conductores de autotransporte en la cadena de suministro en México
Authors: Berrones-Sanz Luis David , González-Peña Exiquio César , Lámbarry Vilchis Fernando , Rocha Lona Luis
Published: July 2020

A través del método Delphi se identificaron y jerarquizaron los efectos que las condiciones laborales de los conductores del autotransporte de carga imponen en la cadena de suministro. Se realizaron análisis estadísticos, que incluyeron pruebas de hipótesis y un análisis de escalonamiento multidimensional, con el que se evaluó el grado de necesidad y factibilidad de realizar los cambios en las condiciones laborales. Los resultados señalan que los accidentes de tránsito y las entregas incorrectas representan los principales impactos en la cadena de suministro; además los conductores se encuentran en situación de precariedad laboral y mejorar sus condiciones de trabajo permitirá operaciones más eficientes, ahorros en los costos logísticos, mayor calidad en el servicio, menor rotación de personal y competitividad en general, que mejorarán el servicio al cliente y las operaciones logísticas.
Political and Policy Dynamics of Municipal Annexation in Texas
Authors: Romero Francine Sanders
Published: July 2020

The dynamics of municipal annexation remain understudied, with no definitive conclusions on the various components that lead a city to succeed or fail in expanding its borders. This case study advances understanding by examining three Texas cities in the period after the state began to impose restrictions (1999) but prior to the effective end of unilateral annexation authority in 2017. Results provide an in-depth explanation of local conditions that may trigger disparate outcomes within a consistent state context. Key factors that exerted varying effects in Austin, Houston, and San Antonio included political structure, ability to negotiate with special districts, and the economics of service extension. In each case, the role of residents opposed to incorporation into the neighboring city played a significant role, both directly and in shaping the impact of other factors.
EXPRES. I. HD 3651 as an Ideal RV Benchmark
Authors: Brewer John M. , Fischer Debra A. , Blackman Ryan T. , Cabot Samuel H. C. , Davis Allen B. , Laughlin Gregory , Leet Christopher , Ong 王 J. M. Joel 加冕 , Petersburg Ryan R. , Szymkowiak Andrew E. , Zhao Lily L. , Henry Gregory W. , Llama Joe
Published: July 2020

The next generation of exoplanet-hunting spectrographs should deliver up to an order of magnitude improvement in radial velocity (RV) precision over the standard 1

state-of-the-art spectrographs. This advance is critical for enabling the detection of Earth-mass planets around Sun-like stars. New calibration techniques such as laser frequency combs and stabilized etalons ensure that the instrumental stability is well characterized. However, additional sources of error include stellar noise, undetected short-period planets, and telluric contamination. To understand and ultimately mitigate error sources, the contributing terms in the error budget must be isolated to the greatest extent possible. Here, we introduce a new high-cadence RV program, the Extreme Precision Spectrograph (EXPRES) 100  Earths  Survey, which aims to identify rocky planets around bright, nearby G and K dwarfs. We also present a benchmark case: the 62 day orbit of a Saturn-mass planet orbiting the chromospherically quiet star, HD 3651. The combination of high eccentricity (0.6) and a moderately long orbital period ensures significant dynamical clearing of any inner planets. Our Keplerian model for this planetary orbit has a residual rms of 58 cm s−1 over a ∼6 month time baseline. By eliminating significant contributors to the RV error budget, HD 3651 serves as a standard for evaluating the long-term precision of extreme precision RV programs.
Spitzer + VLTI-GRAVITY Measure the Lens Mass of a Nearby Microlensing Event
Authors: Zang Weicheng , Dong Subo , Gould Andrew , Calchi Novati Sebastiano , Chen Ping , Yang Hongjing , Li Shun-Sheng , Mao Shude , Alton K. B. , Brimacombe J. , Carey Sean , Christie G. W. , Delplancke-Ströbele F. , Feliz Dax L. , Gaudi B. Scott , Green J. , Hu Shaoming , Jayasinghe T. , Koff R. A. , Kurtenkov A. , Mérand A. , Minev Milen , Mutel Robert , Natusch T. , Roth Tyler , Shvartzvald Yossi , Sun Fengwu , Vanmunster T. , Zhu Wei
Published: July 2020

We report the lens mass and distance measurements of the nearby microlensing event TCP J05074264+2447555 (Kojima-1). We measure the microlens parallax vector

using Spitzer and ground-based light curves with constraints on the direction of lens-source relative proper motion derived from Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI) GRAVITY observations. Combining this

determination with the angular Einstein radius

measured by VLTI-GRAVITY observations, we find that the lens is a star with mass

at a distance D
L = 429 ± 21 pc. We find that the blended light basically all comes from the lens. The lens-source proper motion is

, so with currently available adaptive-optics instruments, the lens and source can be resolved in 2021. This is the first microlensing event whose lens mass is unambiguously measured by interferometry + satellite-parallax observations, which opens a new window for mass measurements of isolated objects such as stellar-mass black holes.
Global 21 cm Signal Extraction from Foreground and Instrumental Effects. II. Efficient and Self-consistent Technique for Constraining Nonlinear Signal Models
Authors: Rapetti David , Tauscher Keith , Mirocha Jordan , Burns Jack O.
Published: July 2020

We present the completion of a data analysis pipeline that self-consistently separates global 21 cm signals from large systematics using a pattern recognition technique. This pipeline will be used for both ground and space-based hydrogen cosmology instruments. In the first paper of this series, we obtain optimal basis vectors from signal and foreground training sets to linearly fit both components with the minimal number of terms that best extracts the signal given its overlap with the foreground. In this second paper, we utilize the spectral constraints derived in the first paper to calculate the full posterior probability distribution of any signal parameter space of choice. The spectral fit provides the starting point for a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) engine that samples the signal without traversing the foreground parameter space. At each MCMC step, we marginalize over the weights of all linear foreground modes and suppress those with unimportant variations by applying priors gleaned from the training set. This method drastically reduces the number of MCMC parameters, augmenting the efficiency of exploration, circumvents the need for selecting a minimal number of foreground modes, and allows the complexity of the foreground model to be greatly increased to simultaneously describe many observed spectra without requiring extra MCMC parameters. Using two nonlinear signal models, one based on the Experiment to Detect the Global Epoch-of-Reionization Signature (EDGES) observations and the other on phenomenological frequencies and temperatures of theoretically expected extrema, we demonstrate the success of this methodology by recovering the input parameters from multiple randomly simulated signals at low radio frequencies (10–200 MHz), while rigorously accounting for realistically modeled beam-weighted foregrounds.
The Mass–Size Relation and the Constancy of GMC Surface Densities in the Milky Way
Authors: Lada Charles J. , Dame T. M.
Published: July 2020

We use two existing molecular cloud catalogs derived from the same CO survey and two catalogs derived from local dust extinction surveys to investigate the nature of the giant molecular cloud (GMC) mass–size relation in the Galaxy. We find that the four surveys are well described by M
GMC ∼ R
2, implying a constant mean surface density,

, for the cataloged clouds. However, the scaling coefficients and scatter differ significantly between the CO- and extinction-derived relations. We find that the additional scatter seen in the CO relations is due to a systematic variation in

with Galactic radius that is unobservable in the local extinction data. We decompose this radial variation of

into two components, a linear negative gradient with Galactic radius and a broad peak coincident with the molecular ring and superposed on the linear gradient. We show that the former may be due to a radial dependence of X
CO on metallicity, while the latter likely results from a combination of increased surface densities of individual GMCs and a systematic upward bias in the measurements of

due to cloud blending in the molecular ring. We attribute the difference in scaling coefficients between the CO and extinction data to an underestimate of X
CO. We recalibrate the CO observations of nearby GMCs using extinction measurements to find that locally X
CO = 3.6 ± 0.3 × 1020 cm−2 (K km s−1)−1. We conclude that outside the molecular ring, the GMC population of the Galaxy can be described to relatively good precision by a constant

of 35

pc−2.
CD14 Gene (−159 C>T) Polymorphism and its Surface Expression on Monocytes in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
Authors: Ali Atia , Tahir Romeeza , Shahzad Faheem , Kashif Muhammad , Jahan Shah , Afzal Nadeem
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that affects millions of people around the world. The innate immune response against TB starts by interaction of several receptors on monocytes with mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). CD14 is one of these receptors present on the monocytes which facilitate the entry of MTB into the cell. Certain polymorphisms in CD14 gene, for example, CD14 (−159 C>T) in the promotor region have suggested susceptibility of TB.
AIM: This study was designed to determine and compare CD14 (−159 C>T) gene polymorphism and its surface expression in pulmonary TB patients (before and during anti-TB treatment) and healthy controls.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study population comprised three groups (pulmonary TB patients before treatment, pulmonary TB patients during treatment, and healthy controls) whereas 53 blood samples were collected from each group. The percentage of monocytes and CD14 mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) was measured by flow cytometry whereas polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to determine gene polymorphism.
RESULTS: CD14 MFI was significantly high in healthy controls than in TB patients (432 as compared to 193 and 365, p < 0.0001). There was no significant difference in CD14 single nucleotide polymorphism allele frequencies or genotypes between TB patients and healthy controls.
CONCLUSION: CD14 gene (−159 C>T) polymorphism was not associated with pulmonary TB disease in a sample of Pakistani population and surface expression of CD14 receptor on peripheral blood monocytes decreases with active TB disease and during treatment.
The Role of Inflammatory Cytokine and Inflammatory Regulator Protein Related to Severity of Joint Effusion in Osteoarthritis
Authors: Partan Radiyati Umi , Hidayat Rachmat , Reagan Muhammad , Muthia Putri
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND: Osteoarthritis (OA) is an inflammatory degenerative articular disease characterized by damage narrowing the joint gap, pain, and loss of joint function. Joint effusion is a clinical feature often found in OA patients and believed to be directly proportional to the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and interleukin 1B (IL-1B), and various other regulatory proteins such as transcription factor proteins, nuclear factor of activated T-cells 1 (NFATC1), and chromosome 1 open reading frame 38 (C1orf38).
AIM: The aim of the study was to explore the role of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression (TNF-alpha and IL-1B) and transcription regulatory proteins (NFATC1 and C1orf38) with the severity of joint effusion in OA patients.
METHODS: This study was an observational study with a case series study approach. A total of 80 study subjects with OA joint effusions were included in the study. The diagnosis of OA was based on clinical and radiologic assessment from American College of Rheumatology. Data of clinical severity were assessed with Kellgren-Lawrence criteria, stroke test score, and Tegner Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale. Random blood examination was performed to obtain erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and qualitative C-reactive protein to evaluate the level of inflammation in the body. TNF-alpha, IL-1B, NFATC1, and C1orf38 levels were assessed in joint fluid using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. The correlation was analyzed with the Pearson correlation test (p = 0.05).
RESULTS: The severity of OA joint effusion was not correlated to ESR (p adjusted = 0.169; r = 0.078), TNF-alpha (p adjusted = 0.112; r = −0.087), IL-1B (p adjusted = 0.136, r = −0.078), C1orf38 (p adjusted = 0.121; r = −0.088), and NFATC1 (p adjusted = 0.102; r = −0.081).
CONCLUSION: Pro-inflammatory cytokines of TNF-alpha and IL-1B, and the transcription factors of pro-inflammatory cytokines gene expression, NFATC1, and C1orf38, did not correlate with the severity of joint effusion in OA.
The Role of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor as a Predictor of Complicated Appendicitis in Animal Model Oryctolagus cuniculus
Authors: Fikri Erjan , Lubis H. M. Nadjib Dahlan , Surya Bachtiar , Siregar Kamal Basri
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND: Appendicitis is the most common abdominal disease that requires surgery in children. The mortality rate in appendicitis is greatly affected by rupture or leakage of the appendix. In establishing the diagnosis of appendicitis, several modalities are needed, namely, with a pediatric appendicitis score and ultrasound. In addition to operative measures, non-operative therapeutic research is also developing, especially for cases of appendicitis without complications. Pathologically, the occurrence of complications in appendicitis is influenced by good vascularization for tissue healing through the process of angiogenesis by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).
AIM: We aimed to see the effect of VEGF and folic acid levels on the occurrence of complicated appendicitis.
METHODS: This research method is laboratory experimental design. A total of 32 rabbits used were male rabbits weighing 2500–3000 g that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Samples were examined for VEGF levels and then the appendix lumen was obstructed with Silk No.-O thread. Thirteen hours later, blood samples are taken back to check VEGF and folic acid (FA) levels and an appendectomy is performed for histopathological examination.
RESULTS: There is a decrease of basal VEGF levels regarding histopathological results. In complicated appendicitis, the basal VEGF level was lower than acute appendicitis and normal; 8.61 (±4.87), 7.66 (±3.47), and 5.75 (±4.88), respectively. Similar trend was found in basal FA levels. In complicated appendicitis, it has a lower level than both acute appendicitis and normal; 2.00 (±2.08), 1.14 (±1.00), and 0.44 (±0.22) in order. However, there is no statistical significance in both trends (p = 0.775 and p = 0.058).
CONCLUSION: There was a trend showing low value of VEGF and FA that were a predictor of appendicitis and complicated appendicitis. Unfortunately, no statistical significance was shown in this study.
Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Hypophisectomy versus Microscopic Transsphenoidal Surgery in the Treatment of Pituitary Adenomas: Evaluation of Results in Terms of Ophthalmic Affection
Authors: Sumkovski Robert , Filipce Venko , Kocevski Ivica , Micunovic Micun
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND: Neurophthalmologic examination is part of the baseline evaluation of patients with pituitary lesions. The neuro-ophthalmologist quantifies and evaluates the impact that the sellar lesion has on afferent and efferent visual pathways, contributes to the determination of tumor growth dynamics, and monitors the success and possible complications. In cases of vision loss, blurring, damage, or double vision as symptoms of a clinical presentation, the neuro-ophthalmologist is often the first to recognize and define the pituitary lesion.
AIM: The aims of this study are as follows: First, to determine the comparative difference and value of the axis/width of the field of vision in the comparable resection technologies, i.e. fully endoscopic and microscopic/microscopic-assisted hypophysectomy; and second, the extend of resection in both technologies compared with post-operative outcome analysis.
METHODS: The study was designed as a retrospective-prospective clinical trial in the period of 2011–2017. This study enrolled 85 patients, 46 of whom were treated with a microscopic resection, and 39 patients treated only with endoscopic transsphenoidal resection of pituitary adenomas as the subject of this study.
RESULTS: The results of our analysis showed that the achievement of complete, radical, and subtotal resection is significantly higher in the endoscopic technique compared to the microscopic technique. Essentially, better lighting, better viewing angle with no “blind spots,” and a perfected toolkit of instruments are the objective factors for progress.
CONCLUSION: The results of our study, comparing the endoscopic version of the microscopic transnasal, transsphenoidal resection of pituitary adenomas, during the period 2010–2018, have unequivocally shown that the endoscopic transnasal transsphenoidal procedure is rational, effective, efficient, and above all safe technique, with a number of favorable advantages that allow for a higher degree of surgical radicality.
The Early Effect of COVID-19 Restrictions on an Academic Orthopedic Surgery Department
Authors: Earp Brandon E. , Zhang Dafang , Benavent Kyra A. , Byrne Laura , Blazar Philip E.
Published: July 2020

The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a global influence on health care. The authors examined the early effect of hospital- and state-mandated restrictions on an orthopedic surgery department and hypothesized that the volume of ambulatory clinic encounters, office and surgical procedures, and cases would dramatically decrease. A retrospective review was performed of all encounters in an orthopedic surgery department at a level I academic trauma center during a 4-week period, from March 16, 2020, to April 12, 2020. The results were compared with two control 4-week periods, February 17, 2020, to March 15, 2020, and March 16, 2019, to April 12, 2019. Weekly volume and work relative value units (RVUs) of clinic encounters, office and surgical procedures, and cases were assessed. The type of ambulatory visit also was recorded. Comparisons of mean weekly volume and RVUs between the study and control periods were performed with Student's
t
test. Surgical cases were categorized into fracture or dislocation, acute soft tissue or nerve injury, infection, oncology, and elective or nonurgent. After implementation of hospital- and state-mandated restrictions on elective health care, the volume of ambulatory orthopedic surgery clinic encounters decreased by 74% to 77%, the volume of clinic procedures decreased by 95%, and the volume of surgical cases decreased by 88%. The percentage of clinic visits performed via telemedicine increased from 0.3% to 81.2%. Elective surgical cases ceased, and the volume of nonelective surgical cases decreased by 51%. During the first 4 weeks after COVID-19–related restrictions were imposed, an immediate and dramatic effect was observed. Compared with the control periods, significant reductions were seen in the volume of ambulatory encounters, office-based procedures, and surgical cases. In addition, the volume of nonelective surgical cases decreased by 51%. [
Orthopedics
. 2020;43(4):228–232.]
Pediatric COVID-19 Disease: A Review of the Recent Literature
Authors: Yoldas Meyri Arzu , Yoldas Hamit
Published: July 2020

The first pediatric coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case was confirmed in Shenzhen, China on January 20, 2020. At the beginning of the outbreak, COVID-19 pneumonia was more common in adults than in children and adolescents, and the rate of confirmed pediatric cases was relatively lower. However, as screening tests and pathogen detection campaigns were initiated in more regions as the outbreak spread, the number of pediatric infection cases increased significantly. Currently, studies on pediatric COVID-19 are limited in the literature to case reports and case series, and a few epidemiological studies. COVID-19 has distinct characteristics in the pediatric population compared to adults; therefore, we need to better understand the characteristics of this disease in children. Discovering the characteristics of the pediatric COVID-19 disease is important for contributing to the diagnosis and treatment of the disease in this population. In this review, clinical characteristics, epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of pediatric COVID-19 pneumonia based on the recent literature are discussed.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2020;49(7):e319–e325.]
Staying Safe This Summer
Authors: Khan Leah
Published: July 2020

The arrival of summer brings more sunshine, more time outside, and more opportunities for recreation and play. Although these activities may look a little different this summer as a result of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, they also allow us to get outside, interact safely with others, and remain connected to our friends and communities. Along with fun activities and exercise, there also comes a need for heightened awareness of summertime safety. Because so many childhood activities occur during the summer, precautions must be taken to ensure the safety and health of our children. From appropriate sun protection and water safety to insect exposure and recreational precautions, it is important to review key safety points to ensure a happy and healthy season. As the COVID-19 pandemic is still very active, there will also be an added layer of complexity to staying safe this summer, including adapting activities to meet the guidelines of social distancing. This article addresses some of the most common dangers encountered during the summer months and offers protective measures to decrease risk and promote safety.

[
Pediatr Ann.
2020;49(7):e285–e289.]
Neonatal
Mycoplasma
and
Ureaplasma
Infections
Authors: Chu Alison , de St. Maurice Annabelle , Sim Myung S. , Kallapur Suhas G.
Published: July 2020

Mycoplasma
species (spp.) can be commensals or opportunistic pathogens of the urogenital tract, and they can be commonly isolated from amniotic fluid, placenta, and fetal/neonatal tissue or blood in mothers delivering prematurely or their preterm infants. Although the presence of
Mycoplasma
spp. has been associated with adverse maternal-fetal outcomes such as preterm birth and maternal chorioamnionitis, it is less clear whether vertical transmission to the neonate results in colonization or active infection/inflammation. Moreover, the presence of
Mycoplasma
spp. in neonatal blood, cerebrospinal fluid, or tissue has been variably associated with increased risk of neonatal comorbidities, especially bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Although the treatment of the mother or neonate with antibiotics is effective in eradicating
ureaplasma
, it is not clear that the treatment is effective in reducing the incidence of major morbidities of the preterm neonate (eg, BPD). In this article, we review the animal and clinical data for
ureaplasma
-related complications and treatment strategies.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2020;49(7):e305–e312.]
Estimating local interactions among many agents who observe their neighbors
Authors: Canen Nathan , Schwartz Jacob , Song Kyungchul
Published: July 2020

In various economic environments, people observe other people with whom they strategically interact. We can model such information‐sharing relations as an information network, and the strategic interactions as a game on the network. When any two agents in the network are connected either directly or indirectly in a large network, empirical modeling using an equilibrium approach can be cumbersome, since the testable implications from an equilibrium generally involve all the players of the game, whereas a researcher's data set may contain only a fraction of these players in practice. This paper develops a tractable empirical model of linear interactions where each agent, after observing part of his neighbors' types, not knowing the full information network, uses best responses that are linear in his and other players' types that he observes, based on simple beliefs about the other players' strategies. We provide conditions on information networks and beliefs such that the best responses take an explicit form with multiple intuitive features. Furthermore, the best responses reveal how local payoff interdependence among agents is translated into local stochastic dependence of their actions, allowing the econometrician to perform asymptotic inference without having to observe all the players in the game or having to know the precise sampling process.
La mujer en la guerra civil española: análisis bibliográfico de la producción científica de una década: 1977-1987
Authors: Rubio Liniers Cruz , Vidal Perucho Carmen
Published: July 2020

Se estudia y analiza la literatura científica, publicada de 1977 a 1987, sobre el tema «La mujer en la Guerra Civil española» para obtener indicadores sobre el estado de la cuestión en la historiografia reciente. Se analiza la bibliografia internacional en repertorios bibliográficos internacionales, bases de datos y otras fuentes documentales de acuerdo con los siguientes aspectos: a) número de publicaciones y su evolución durante la década 1977-1987; b) tipología de los documentos: libros, artículos de revista, tesis doctorales, etc.; e) autores y entidades responsables más relevantes en este campo, y d) tendencias y temas más estudiados. Se presenta relación de las fuentes documentales estudiadas.
Uso de sistemas automatizados en las bibliotecas universitarias españolas
Authors: Moscoso Purificación , Rios Yolanda
Published: July 2020

Se estudia el uso de los sistemas de automatización en las bibliotecas universitarias españolas. Se elabora un estudio estadístico con datos sobre los soportes físicos y softwares utilizados, módulos en funcionamiento, formatos de entrada y salida, así como fu entes y mecanismos para la carga de registros en el sistema, estado y métodos de la conversión retrospectiva, uso de nuevas tecnologías, y nuevos servicios implantados desde 1986 en este tipo de bibliotecas. Posteriormente, se analizan los resultados obtenidos y se comparan con datos de 1986 .
Écrire chez Leïla Marouane : une réappropriation littéraire de l’Histoire
Authors: Ayadi Hanna
Published: July 2020

Le témoignage littéraire, participe de la volonté de l’écrivain de se réapproprier l’Histoire pour en partager l’expérience avec le lecteur. Cette réappropriation trouve ses racines dans un mécanisme de résilience, qui induit une participation intime de l’auteur, ce qui met en lumière la dimension cathartique du témoignage littéraire. Entre réalité et fiction, témoignage fictionnel et littérature testimoniale, les possibilités littéraires s’avèrent protéiformes. Comment Leïla Marouane compose-t-elle avec l’horizon d’attente du lecteur en ces années de guerre civile algérienne ? Comment passer du « je » qui a vécu à « l’autre » qui lit et qui reçoit ? La langue sera pensée ici comme le socle d’une identité culturelle à construire ou reconstruire, d’où la réflexion que nous mènerons sur les notions de métissage, subjectivité et réflexivité de la langue chez Leïla Marouane. Seront aussi abordés le concept de pseudonymie chez Leïla Marouane et la notion « d’étranger », à travers le prisme de la littérature d’exil.
De l’interculturel et du métissage dans l’écriture de Salim Bachi
Authors: Serghini Jaouad
Published: July 2020

Le Chien d’Ulysse de l’Algérien Salim Bachi, aux allures fusionnelles entre Maghreb et Occident, renoue avec l’héritage homérique dans une double perspective intertextuelle et interculturelle. Par sa réécriture du mythe d’Ulysse, l’éternel exilé, ce livre revisite cette Algérie de la décennie sanguinaire, dans une double entreprise de remise en question d’un passé douloureux et de tentative de s’en délivrer. Roman polyphonique, de nombreuses voix s’y font entendre qui ont pour corollaire une pluralité d’idées accompagnée d’un éclatement identitaire. Sachant que la problématique identitaire constitue un enjeu central de l’interculturel, Bachi l’investit de ce pouvoir démystificateur de l’ethnocentrisme. Avec la montée des différents discours nationalistes en Algérie, pendant les années 1990, la démarche interculturelle du romancier algérien apparaît comme un ambitieux projet d’élaboration d’un univers perméable au dialogue et à la communication interculturelle par un travail d’écriture qui marque un double désir de soi et de l’autre.
Dynamiques des processus d’enseignement-apprentissage : position du problème et déploiement de contextes
Authors: Gobert Julie
Published: July 2020

Ce travail de recherche montre l’importance des interactions entre les registres explicatifs mobilisés par les élèves et leur travail de positionnement énonciatif dans le traitement différencié des éléments d’une situation-problème. L’étude présentée porte sur la construction du concept de sélection naturelle en classe de sciences de la vie et de la Terre au cycle 4 (élèves de 14-15 ans). Les analyses épistémo-cognitivo-langagières menées donnent accès à une compréhension des interprétations des éléments de la situation-problème réalisées par les élèves. Ces contextes interprétatifs amènent les élèves à poser et se poser des problèmes scientifiques scolaires hétérogènes et plus ou moins éloignés du problème visé par l’enseignante. Cette recherche tente d’identifier les raisons pour lesquelles, à partir d’une même situation-problème, se réalisent des dynamiques de position du problème hétérogènes au sein d’une classe. Nous cherchons à comprendre pour cela comment les différents éléments de la situation font sens pour les élèves.
Reproduire un cercle et en parler en classe de mathématique : est-ce si simple ? Quelques éléments d’analyse d’une étude didactique comparant trois mises en œuvre d’une même situation
Authors: Bulf Caroline , Celi Valentina
Published: July 2020

Intéressées par des questions sur les rôles des interactions langagières dans l’enseignement et d’apprentissage de la géométrie à l’école primaire, nous analysons ici les données recueillies dans trois classes différentes où un même problème a été proposé (reproduire un cercle). Les analyses proposées ici mettent au jour des éléments potentiellement différenciateurs en termes d’apprentissage venant d’une gestion de connaissances implicites très différentes chez les trois enseignantes observées.
Vers une géographie expérientielle à l’école : l’exemple de l’espace proche
Authors: Leininger-Frézal Caroline , Gaujal Sophie , Heitz Catherine , Colin Pierre
Published: July 2020

Notre recherche est née de l’observation du rapport des élèves à leur espace proche. En effet ils possèdent une expérience personnelle de leur espace mais ne l’articulent pas aux savoirs scolaires. Le champ de la didactique nous permet ainsi d’explorer sous la forme d’une recherche collaborative et d’éprouver sur le terrain une démarche expérientielle de l’enseignement de la géographie de l’espace proche que nous avons modélisée. Celle-ci apparait comme un levier pédagogique pertinent pour permettre l’articulation entre une géographie spontanée et une géographie raisonnée inhérente à la géographie scolaire en renouvellement. Cette géographie expérientielle permet donc à l’élève de penser autrement son espace proche, de donner du sens aux apprentissages réalisés, de construire un récit géographique.
La représentation sociale que les adolescents se font des aînés peut-elle influencer le développement de la pensée critique dialogique ? Étude d’une « scène » racontée par des adolescents marocains
Authors: Molina Vanessa , Daniel Marie-France , Belguiti Karima
Published: July 2020

Cet article se base sur des résultats d’enquête récents montrant que, chez des adolescents marocains âgés de dix à dix-huit ans, les manifestations de pensée critique dialogique se situent majoritairement dans une « perspective épistémologique » appelée « relativisme » par un modèle développemental élaboré dans les quinze dernières années avec la méthode de la théorie ancrée. Pour comprendre ces résultats de recherche, qui contrastent avec ceux obtenus auprès d’adolescents québécois et français appartenant aux mêmes groupes d’âge, nous décrivons, dans un premier temps, le modèle développemental dans lequel ils prennent sens. Nous illustrons ensuite les manifestations de « perspective épistémologique relativiste » chez les adolescents marocains à l’aide d’extraits de verbatim. Les élèves ont tendance à se décentrer de leur vécu personnel, à se représenter le point de vue d’autrui en général et à co-construire des points de vue convergents avec les pairs. Dans un deuxième temps, prenant appui sur une approche de la représentation sociale en tant que « scène », et sur la littérature touchant aux rôles des aînés dans les sociétés africaines, nous éclairons ces résultats de recherche par l’analyse d’une représentation sociale fréquemment mobilisée par les jeunes Marocains interviewés : celle de la hiérarchie des âges et du devoir d’écoute envers les plus âgés. L’analyse de cette « scène » met en lumière des attitudes sociales inculquées aux adolescents en contexte culturel marocain, susceptibles de favoriser le développement d’une « perspective épistémologique relativiste » en matière de pensée critique dialogique.
Les compétences transversales, une nouvelle « clé » pour l’insertion ? Enjeux et effets pour les acteurs
Authors: Bros Frédérique , Vermelle Marie-Christine , Boancă Ioana
Published: July 2020

Rendre compte de la manière dont les acteurs, professionnels et jeunes adultes en parcours d’insertion, se saisissent et donnent sens à la notion de compétence transversale constitue l’objet de cette contribution. Après avoir situé le propos, en présentant la recherche (Ludo Ergo Sum) et son objet d’étude : le dispositif sociotechnique et vidéo-ludique (Skillpass), expérimenté en région Hauts-de-France au sein de différents dispositifs d’insertion socioprofessionnelle, les auteures développent les principales incidences repérées des usages de ce dispositif sur : les pratiques d’accompagnement mises en œuvre, les représentations des intervenants et les usages pédagogiques et professionnels qu’ils font de cette notion. Elles se centrent ensuite sur le regard porté sur la compétence transversale par les jeunes adultes faiblement qualifiés / scolarisés auxquels s’adresse le dispositif considéré : quel sens attribuent-ils au travail réalisé ? Quels apports en dégagent-ils en termes de réflexivité et dans l’optique de leur insertion ? S’appuyant sur les données d’enquête, cet article vise à caractériser la manière dont les acteurs se saisissent, résistent ou s’accommodent du « passage obligé » par la compétence transversale comme condition d’accès à l’emploi.
Attributions causales des étudiants en matière de réussite à l’université
Authors: Massart Xavier , Romainville Marc
Published: July 2020

Depuis que l’enseignement supérieur a développé de nombreux dispositifs de promotion de la réussite au bénéfice des étudiants de première année, on déplore souvent que ces dispositifs soient sous-utilisés et que ce sont les étudiants « qui en auraient le moins besoin » qui y participeraient le plus. C’est notamment le cas du dispositif, étudié dans cet article, d’évaluation formative et précoce permettant aux étudiants d’identifier leurs lacunes en termes de prérequis et d’y remédier. Bien qu’une corrélation non négligeable entre la maîtrise de ces prérequis et la réussite en fin d’année ait été établie, trop peu d’étudiants, aux yeux des enseignants, décident de participer aux activités de renforcement des prérequis qui suivent la passation des tests. Il est dès lors essentiel de mieux comprendre les mécanismes qui incitent les étudiants à profiter ou non de ces dispositifs. Le présent article analyse cette question au regard de la théorie des attributions causales : quelle place les étudiants accordent-ils aux prérequis dans leur explication spontanée de la réussite ? Quels sont les facteurs (niveau de maîtrise réelle des prérequis, genre…) qui sont liés à ces attributions ? L’article se termine par quelques pistes pédagogiques que les résultats permettent d’envisager.
Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Receptor Subclass–Specific Immune Regulation of CD8+ T Cells by Opioids
Authors: Mazahery Claire , Valadkhan Saba , Levine Alan D
Published: July 2020

Opioid peptides are released at sites of injury, and their cognate G protein–coupled opioid receptors (OR) are expressed on immune cells. Exposure of human circulating CD8+ T cells to selective OR agonists differentially regulates thousands of genes. Gene set enrichment analysis reveals that μ-OR more strongly regulates cellular processes than δ-OR. In TCR naive T cells, triggering μ-OR exhibits stimulatory and inhibitory patterns, yet when administered prior to TCR cross-linking, a μ-OR agonist inhibits activation. μ-OR, but not δ-OR, signaling is linked to upregulation of lipid, cholesterol, and steroid hormone biosynthesis, suggesting lipid regulation is a mechanism for immune suppression. Lipid rafts are cholesterol-rich, liquid-ordered membrane domains that function as a nexus for the initiation of signal transduction from surface receptors, including TCR and μ-OR. We therefore propose that μ-OR–specific inhibition of TCR responses in human CD8+ T cells may be mediated through alterations in lipid metabolism and membrane structure.
Using community-based participatory research in improving the management of hypertension in communities: A scoping review
Authors: Chimberengwa Pugie T. , Naidoo Mergan
Published: July 2020

Background: Hypertension (HT) is a key contributor to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The improved management of HT in the community and primary care settings should be a priority for low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Improving the prevention and management of HT in primary care settings should also be a priority for developing countries. There is a need for more studies using community-based approaches that show the impact of these programmes on HT outcomes, which may motivate policymakers to invest in such approaches. The ward-based outreach team or village healthcare worker models were meant to provide such approaches, but many of these have become lower levels of curative care. We conducted a scoping review to examine how community-based participatory research (CBPR) was being used to improve HT management.Methods: Several electronic databases were searched, namely PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Scholar and Web of Science, generating 798 references. The publications were screened through several rounds. Data were extracted and imported into a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet, numerically summarised and qualitatively analysed.Results: Nine articles were included. These publications originated from the United States, Colombia, Canada, China, South Africa and Zimbabwe. Mixed methods, qualitative, randomised control trials and quasi-experimental studies were used to implement CBPR in the studies included. All the studies addressed complex health problems and inequities among the minorities utilising multiple stakeholder participation. Academic–community coalitions were formed, which enabled engagement and sharing of power equitably. As a result, there was acceptability and sustainability of interventions.Conclusion: A CBPR framework can be used to define the context, group dynamics, implementation and outcomes of HT. It is possible to apply CBPR in HT management to appropriately address health disparities while emphasising a community-driven approach. To achieve this, tailored health education platforms should be developed and implemented.
Functional Health Literacy and Self-Care Behaviors Among Type 2 Diabetic Patients at a University Teaching Hospital in Kigali
Authors: Mukanoheli Vestine , Uwamahoro Marie Claire , Mbarushimana Valens , Meharry Pamela
Published: July 2020

Background

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a significant health burden in high-income countries and emerging in sub-Sahara African countries, including Rwanda. Prevention and treatment of T2DM are imperative and need to focus on functional health literacy and self-care practices among people with diabetes.

Objective

To determine if functional health literacy is associated with self-care behaviors among T2DM patients.

Method

This study was a descriptive cross-sectional design conducted at a University Teaching Hospital in Kigali. The sample comprised of 223 T2DM patients recruited from the university outpatient department. The questionnaire was developed from two studies.  Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data.

Results

Results indicated a low-level of functional health literacy, with a wide range of scores from 6.5% to 93.5%, and a mean of 51.66 (SD 15.77).The majority of 123 (55.3%) had inadequate functional health literacy and self-care behaviors. There was a strong association between functional health literacy and self-care behaviors (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The level of functional health literacy among T2DM patients needs to be increased and patients should be highly encouraged to adhere to self-care behaviors. Future research could involve an interventional study to discover the best method to educate T2DM patients.

Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; functional health literacy; self-care behaviors; patients T2DM; sub-Saharan Africa
Highly Hazardous Pesticides (HHPs) in Agro-industrial and Smallholder Farming Systems in Kenya
Authors: Johanna Jacobi , Boniface Kiteme , Fabian Ottiger
Published: July 2020

Farms in the global South show heavy use of pesticides such as herbicides, insecticides and fungicides. Some of these substances are banned in Switzerland and the European Union but are often produced and exported from there. Our messages draw on research findings from Kenya. They make the link to international conventions, highlight alternatives to pesticide-intensive agricultural practices, and call for phasing out “highly hazardous” substances in line with human rights and the precautionary principle.