bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fabricating self-assembled SAPO-5 with tailored mesoporosity and acidity using a single template
Authors: Chen Zhou , Zhu Shaohong , Li Pengyun , Li Xinyuan , Xu Yingrui , Dong Yunyun , Song Wenjing , Yi Xiaodong , Fang Weiping
Published: August 2017

SAPO-5 zeolite with a bimodal pore system was hydrothermally synthesized using di-n-butylamine as single template. The structural and catalytic properties of the hierarchical SAPO-5 were extensively characterized and compared to those of conventional SAPO-5 using triethylamine as template.
Change in optoelectronic properties of ExBox+4 on functionalization and guest encapsulation
Authors: Chakraborty Debdutta , Das Ranjita , Chattaraj Pratim Kumar
Published: August 2017

High non-linear optical properties could be derived from the ExBox+4 moiety due to functionalization as well as suitable guest encapsulation.
A comprehensive study of the complexation of alkali metal cations by lower rim calix[4]arene amide derivatives
Authors: Horvat Gordan , Frkanec Leo , Cindro Nikola , Tomišić Vladislav
Published: August 2017

Thorough thermodynamic and structural studies provided detailed insights into the factors governing the reactions of calixarene amide derivatives with alkali metal cations.
Probing the microscopic structural organization of neat ionic liquids (ILs) and ionic liquid-based gels through resonance energy transfer (RET) studies
Authors: Majhi Debashis , Sarkar Moloy
Published: August 2017

With the aim to understand the role of the ionic constituents of ionic liquids (ILs) in their structural organization, resonance energy transfer (RET) studies between ionic liquids (donor) and rhodamine 6G (acceptor) have been investigated.
Photoelectron spectroscopy of isolated luciferin and infraluciferin anions in vacuo: competing photodetachment, photofragmentation and internal conversion
Authors: Woodhouse Joanne L. , Assmann Mariana , Parkes Michael A. , Grounds Helen , Pacman Steven J. , Anderson James C. , Worth Graham A. , Fielding Helen H.
Published: August 2017

The electronic structure and dynamics of luciferin and infraluciferin have been investigated using photoelectron spectroscopy and quantum chemistry calculations.
[AlCl3(BnMe2-tacn)] – a new metal chelate scaffold for radiofluorination by Cl/F exchange
Authors: Levason William , Luthra Sajinder K. , McRobbie Graeme , Monzittu Francesco M. , Reid Gillian
Published: August 2017

Radiofluorination of [AlCl3(BnMe2-tacn)] via a Cl/F exchange reaction is described, along with a cartridge-based purification method; the [Al18F19F2(BnMe2-tacn)] exhibits excellent stability (>99% RCP after 3 h).
Capture of actinides (Th4+, [UO2]2+) and surrogating lanthanide (Nd3+) in porous metal–organic framework MIL-100(Al) from water: selectivity and imaging of embedded nanoparticles
Authors: Falaise Clément , Volkringer Christophe , Giovine Raynald , Prelot Bénédicte , Huve Marielle , Loiseau Thierry
Published: August 2017

Aluminium-based metal–organic framework MIL-100 was utilized for the capture of actinide ([UO2]2+, Th4+) and lanthanide (Nd3+) cations.
Homoleptic iron(ii) and cobalt(ii) bis(phosphoranimide) complexes for the selective hydrofunctionalization of unsaturated molecules
Authors: Bai Tao , Janes Trevor , Song Datong
Published: August 2017

Low-coordinate homoleptic bulky M2(NPtBu3)4 (M = Fe (A), Co (B)) complexes were synthesized and characterized as dimeric structures by crystallographic studies.
The atmospheric oxidation mechanism and kinetics of 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene initiated by OH radicals – a theoretical study
Authors: Ponnusamy S. , Sandhiya L. , Senthilkumar K.
Published: August 2017

The atmospheric fate of 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene is determined by OH-radical addition, and subsequent bicyclic peroxy radical ring closure and ring breaking pathways.
Ultrafast structural dynamics of boron nitride nanotubes studied using transmitted electrons
Authors: Li Zhongwen , Sun Shuaishuai , Li Zi-An , Zhang Ming , Cao Gaolong , Tian Huanfang , Yang Huaixin , Li Jianqi
Published: August 2017

Ultrafast electron diffraction studies of structural dynamics of boron nitride nanotubes using a transmission electron microscope with a femtosecond laser system.
pH-Responsive quencher-free molecular beacon systems containing 2′-deoxyuridine units labeled with fluorene derivatives
Authors: Lee Ji Won , Son Ye-Seul , Hwang Jun Yeon , Park Yoojin , Hwang Gil Tae
Published: August 2017

pH-Responsive oligodeoxynucleotides only exhibited dramatic increases in fluorescence upon duplex formation with their fully matched target DNAs.
Forsythenethosides A and B: two new phenylethanoid glycosides with a 15-membered ring from Forsythia suspensa
Authors: Shao Si-Yuan , Feng Zi-Ming , Yang Ya-Nan , Jiang Jian-Shuang , Zhang Pei-Cheng
Published: August 2017

Forsythenethosides A and B, two new phenylethanoid glycosides with an unprecedented 15-membered ring, were isolated from Forsythia suspensa.
Water-soluble mitochondria-targeting polymeric prodrug micelles for fluorescence monitoring and high intracellular anticancer efficiency
Authors: Liu Bei-Yu , Wu Wan-Xia , Liu Yan-Hong , Jia Chao , Yang Xian-Ling , Li Jun , Wang Na , Yu Xiao-Qi
Published: August 2017

Based on TPP modification on the branch of mPEG, mitochondria-targeting prodrugs micelles realize better mitochondria target, high anticancer efficiency and a faster release at alkaline pH.
Normative Study of the Functional Assessment of Verbal Reasoning and Executive Strategies (FAVRES) Test in the French-Canadian Population
Authors: Marcotte Karine , McSween Marie-Pier , Pouliot Monica , Martineau Sarah , Pauzé Anne-Marie , Wiseman-Hakes Catherine , MacDonald Sheila
Published: August 2017

Purpose

The Functional Assessment of Verbal Reasoning and Executive Strategies (FAVRES; MacDonald, 2005) test was designed for use by speech-language pathologists to assess verbal reasoning, complex comprehension, discourse, and executive skills during performance on a set of challenging and ecologically valid functional tasks. A recent French version of this test was translated from English; however, it had not undergone standardization. The development of normative data that are linguistically and culturally sensitive to the target population is of importance. The present study aimed to establish normative data for the French version of the FAVRES, a commonly used test with native French–speaking patients with traumatic brain injury in Québec, Canada.

Method

The normative sample consisted of 181 healthy French-speaking adults from various regions across the province of Québec. Age and years of education were factored into the normative model.

Results

Results indicate that age was significantly associated with performance on time, accuracy, reasoning subskills, and rationale criteria, whereas the level of education was significantly associated with accuracy and rationale.

Conclusion

Overall, mean scores on each criterion were relatively lower than in the original English version, which reinforces the importance of using the present normative data when interpreting performance of French speakers who have sustained a traumatic brain injury.
Automatic Speech Recognition Predicts Speech Intelligibility and Comprehension for Listeners With Simulated Age-Related Hearing Loss
Authors: Fontan Lionel , Ferrané Isabelle , Farinas Jérôme , Pinquier Julien , Tardieu Julien , Magnen Cynthia , Gaillard Pascal , Aumont Xavier , Füllgrabe Christian
Published: August 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this article is to assess speech processing for listeners with simulated age-related hearing loss (ARHL) and to investigate whether the observed performance can be replicated using an automatic speech recognition (ASR) system. The long-term goal of this research is to develop a system that will assist audiologists/hearing-aid dispensers in the fine-tuning of hearing aids.

Method

Sixty young participants with normal hearing listened to speech materials mimicking the perceptual consequences of ARHL at different levels of severity. Two intelligibility tests (repetition of words and sentences) and 1 comprehension test (responding to oral commands by moving virtual objects) were administered. Several language models were developed and used by the ASR system in order to fit human performances.

Results

Strong significant positive correlations were observed between human and ASR scores, with coefficients up to .99. However, the spectral smearing used to simulate losses in frequency selectivity caused larger declines in ASR performance than in human performance.

Conclusion

Both intelligibility and comprehension scores for listeners with simulated ARHL are highly correlated with the performances of an ASR-based system. In the future, it needs to be determined if the ASR system is similarly successful in predicting speech processing in noise and by older people with ARHL.
In-depth study of moderately young but extremely red, very dusty substellar companion HD 206893B
Authors: Delorme P. , Schmidt T. , Bonnefoy M. , Desidera S. , Ginski C. , Charnay B. , Lazzoni C. , Christiaens V. , Messina S. , D’Orazi V. , Milli J. , Schlieder J. E. , Gratton R. , Rodet L. , Lagrange A.-M. , Absil O. , Vigan A. , Galicher R. , Hagelberg J. , Bonavita M. , Lavie B. , Zurlo A. , Olofsson J. , Boccaletti A. , Cantalloube F. , Mouillet D. , Chauvin G. , Hambsch F.-J. , Langlois M. , Udry S. , Henning T. , Beuzit J.-L. , Mordasini C. , Lucas P. , Marocco F. , Biller B. , Carson J. , Cheetham A. , Covino E. , De Caprio V. , Delboulbe A. , Feldt M. , Girard J. , Hubin N. , Maire A.-L. , Pavlov A. , Petit C. , Rouan D. , Roelfsema R. , Wildi F.
Published: August 2017

Context. The substellar companion HD 206893b has recently been discovered by direct imaging of its disc-bearing host star with the Spectro-Polarimetric High-contrast Exoplanet REsearch (SPHERE) instrument.

Aims. We investigate the atypical properties of the companion, which has the reddest near-infrared colours among all known substellar objects, either orbiting a star or isolated, and we provide a comprehensive characterisation of the host star-disc-companion system.

Methods. We conducted a follow-up of the companion with adaptive optics imaging and spectro-imaging with SPHERE, and a multi-instrument follow-up of its host star. We obtain a R = 30 spectrum from 0.95 to 1.64 μm of the companion and additional photometry at 2.11 and 2.25 μm. We carried out extensive atmosphere model fitting for the companions and the host star in order to derive their age, mass, and metallicity.

Results. We found no additional companion in the system in spite of exquisite observing conditions resulting in sensitivity to 6 MJup (2 MJup) at 0.5′′ for an age of 300 Myr (50 Myr). We detect orbital motion over more than one year and characterise the possible Keplerian orbits. We constrain the age of the system to a minimum of 50 Myr and a maximum of 700 Myr, and determine that the host-star metallicity is nearly solar. The comparison of the companion spectrum and photometry to model atmospheres indicates that the companion is an extremely dusty late L dwarf, with an intermediate gravity (log g ~ 4.5–5.0) which is compatible with the independent age estimate of the system.

Conclusions. Though our best fit corresponds to a brown dwarf of 15–30 MJup aged 100–300 Myr, our analysis is also compatible with a range of masses and ages going from a 50 Myr 12 MJup planetary-mass object to a 50 MJup Hyades-age brown dwarf. Even though this companion is extremely red, we note that it is more probable that it has an intermediate gravity rather than the very low gravity that is often associated with very red L dwarfs. We also find that the detected companion cannot shape the observed outer debris disc, hinting that one or several additional planetary mass objects in the system might be necessary to explain the position of the disc inner edge.
The Role of Amplitude Integrated Electroencephalogram in Very Low-Birth-Weight Preterm Infants: A Literature Review
Authors: Winckler Maria , Bragatti José , Procianoy Renato , Silveira Rita , Magalhães Luiza
Published: August 2017

Neurological sequelae are common in very low-birth-weight preterm infants. The prevention of brain injury and development of neuroprotective strategies have been the main objectives of modern neonatal neurology. Amplitude integrated electroencephalogram (aEEG) is a continuous brain monitoring method that can aid in early diagnosis and detect patients who are at risk. While its role in the assessment of full-term newborn infants is already well established, there are still doubts about its use in preterm infants. The objective of this review was to describe the main recommendations for the use of aEEG in very low-birth-weight preterm infants and its accuracy in assessing the prognosis and detecting epileptic seizures in this population.
Preeclampsia
Authors: Ramos José Geraldo Lopes , Sass Nelson , Costa Sérgio Hofmeister Martins
Published: August 2017

The authors review hypertensive disease during pregnancy with an academic and practical view, and using the best evidence available. This disease, which is the most important clinical disease in Brazilian pregnant women, may have its incidence reduced with prevention through the use of calcium and aspirin in pregnant women at risk. Previously, it was a disease that presented with hypertension with proteinuria, but it has now been classified with new clinical parameters besides proteinuria. Morbidity and mortality should be reduced in a continental country such as Brazil using protocols for the early treatment of complications by calculating severe outcomes in preeclampsia. The early treatment of acute hypertension, use of magnesium sulfate and early hospitalization in cases of preeclampsia are concepts to pursue the reduction of our pregnant women's mortality.
Effect of Core Training on Trunk Flexor Musculature in Male Soccer Players
Authors: Takai Yohei , Nakatani Miyuki , Akamine Takuya , Shiokawa Katsuyuki , Komori Daisuke , Kanehisa Hiroaki
Published: August 2017

The present study aimed to elucidate the effect of core training on trunk flexor musculature in athletes. Twenty-eight collegiate male soccer players were randomly assigned to three groups: a training group that performed core exercises with wheeled platforms (WP), a training group that performed body mass-based core exercise (BME), and a control group that did not perform core exercise training (CON). WP and BME trained twice a week for 10 weeks. The WP performed 8–14 exercises with wheeled platforms. BME conducted four core exercises to failure. Before and after the intervention, trunk segment lean body mass (LBM) was measured using a whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scanner. Muscle thicknesses (MTs) of the rectus abdominis (RA), external oblique, internal oblique (IO), and transverse abdominis were determined with an ultrasound apparatus. No significant changes for any measured variables were found in CON. In both training groups, the trunk segment LBM was significantly increased through the intervention. While MT for IO significantly increased in the two training groups, significant increases in MT for RA were found in only WP. For collegiate soccer players, the core training programs adopted here can be effective in increasing trunk segment LBM, but the effectiveness on the trunk flexor muscularity differs between the two training modalities.
Geometric phase effects in excited state dynamics through a conical intersection in large molecules: N-dimensional linear vibronic coupling model study
Authors: Li Jiaru , Joubert-Doriol Loïc , Izmaylov Artur F.
Published: August 2017

We investigate geometric phase (GP) effects in nonadiabatic transitions through a conical intersection (CI) in an N-dimensional linear vibronic coupling (ND-LVC) model. This model allows for the coordinate transformation encompassing all nonadiabatic effects within a two-dimensional (2D) subsystem, while the other N − 2 dimensions form a system of uncoupled harmonic oscillators identical for both electronic states and coupled bi-linearly with the subsystem coordinates. The 2D subsystem governs ultra-fast nonadiabatic dynamics through the CI and provides a convenient model for studying GP effects. Parameters of the original ND-LVC model define the Hamiltonian of the transformed 2D subsystem and thus influence GP effects directly. Our analysis reveals what values of ND-LVC parameters can introduce symmetry breaking in the 2D subsystem that diminishes GP effects.
Stick and oscillatory behavior of bubbles due to TiO2 nanoparticle coating in subcooled pool boiling on a wire
Authors: Karimzadehkhouei Mehrdad , Özbey Arzu , Sefiane Khellil , Koşar Ali
Published: August 2017

Nanoparticles are found to alter the contact angle and wettability characteristics, thereby inducing a significant effect on pool boiling. Generally, boiling of nanofluids results in deposition of nanoparticles on the heating surface. Therefore, it is difficult to distinguish whether nanoparticle coating or dispersion is dominating in boiling. The present study reports on sticking and oscillatory behavior of bubbles in pool boiling on a platinum wire to further broaden our understanding of these underlying phenomena. Four different cases, namely, pure deionized water on both pristine and TiO2 nanoparticle coated wires and TiO2 nanoparticle/water nanofluids at two mass fractions of 0.002% and 0.005% on pristine wire, were tested to unravel bubble dynamics in pool boiling in the presence of nanoparticles. Moreover, particle-particle interactions and nanoparticle coating effects on the contact angle were investigated by comparing the results and describing acting forces on bubbles. The presence of both coated surfaces and dispersed nanoparticles led to the sticking and oscillatory behavior of bubbles at a high mass fraction, which was explained by the force balance analysis.
Transforming high-dimensional potential energy surfaces into sum-of-products form using Monte Carlo methods
Authors: Schröder Markus , Meyer Hans-Dieter
Published: August 2017

We propose a Monte Carlo method, “Monte Carlo Potfit,” for transforming high-dimensional potential energy surfaces evaluated on discrete grid points into a sum-of-products form, more precisely into a Tucker form. To this end we use a variational ansatz in which we replace numerically exact integrals with Monte Carlo integrals. This largely reduces the numerical cost by avoiding the evaluation of the potential on all grid points and allows a treatment of surfaces up to 15-18 degrees of freedom. We furthermore show that the error made with this ansatz can be controlled and vanishes in certain limits. We present calculations on the potential of HFCO to demonstrate the features of the algorithm. To demonstrate the power of the method, we transformed a 15D potential of the protonated water dimer (Zundel cation) in a sum-of-products form and calculated the ground and lowest 26 vibrationally excited states of the Zundel cation with the multi-configuration time-dependent Hartree method.
Higher order dynamic mode decomposition to identify and extrapolate flow patterns
Authors: Le Clainche Soledad , Vega José M.
Published: August 2017

This article shows the capability of using a higher order dynamic mode decomposition (HODMD) algorithm both to identify flow patterns and to extrapolate a transient solution to the attractor region. Numerical simulations are carried out for the three-dimensional flow around a circular cylinder, and both standard dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) and higher order DMD are applied to the non-converged solution. The good performance of HODMD is proved, showing that this method guesses the converged flow patterns from numerical simulations in the transitional region. The solution obtained can be extrapolated to the attractor region. This fact sheds light on the capability of finding real flow patterns in complex flows and, simultaneously, reducing the computational cost of the numerical simulations or the required quantity of data collected in experiments.
Sequence transferable coarse-grained model of amphiphilic copolymers
Authors: De Silva Chathuranga C. , Leophairatana Porakrit , Ohkuma Takahiro , Koberstein Jeffrey T. , Kremer Kurt , Mukherji Debashish
Published: August 2017

Polymer properties are inherently multi-scale in nature, where delicate local interaction details play a key role in describing their global conformational behavior. In this context, deriving coarse-grained (CG) multi-scale models for polymeric liquids is a non-trivial task. Further complexities arise when dealing with copolymer systems with varying microscopic sequences, especially when they are of amphiphilic nature. In this work, we derive a segment-based generic CG model for amphiphilic copolymers consisting of repeat units of hydrophobic (methylene) and hydrophilic (ethylene oxide) monomers. The system is a simulation analogue of polyacetal copolymers [S. Samanta et al., Macromolecules 49, 1858 (2016)]. The CG model is found to be transferable over a wide range of copolymer sequences and also to be consistent with existing experimental data.
Antibiotic susceptibility testing in less than 30 min using direct single-cell imaging
Authors: Baltekin Özden , Boucharin Alexis , Tano Eva , Andersson Dan I. , Elf Johan
Published: August 2017

Significance

Antibiotic resistance is a global threat to human health. The problem is aggravated by unnecessary and incorrect use of broad spectrum antibiotics. One way to provide correct treatment and slow down the development of antibiotic resistance is to assay the susceptibility profile of the infecting bacteria before treatment is initiated and let this information guide the choice of antibiotic. Here, we present an antibiotic susceptibility test that is sufficiently fast to be used at the point of care. We show that it is possible to determine if a urinary tract infection is caused by resistant bacteria within 30 min of loading a urine sample, even if the bacterial concentration in the urine is very low.
Altering Vertical Placement of Hydroacoustic Receivers for Improved Efficiency in Coldwater Estuary Zones
Authors: Goulette Graham S. , Hawkes James P.
Published: August 2017

Acoustic telemetry is used to study Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar migration ecology and identify mortality zones within estuary systems. Improved detection efficiency helps reduce the uncertainty associated with survival estimates and improves the accuracy of various migration performance metrics. While emigrating salmon smolts and postsmolts are largely surface-oriented, using the top few meters of the water column, literature suggests they may sound to 10 m or deeper, influencing detection probability and therefore survival estimates. We determined the influence of receiver depth on detection efficiency to improve telemetry assessments in our coldwater estuary zones. We found significant differences in total detections with experimental depths. Detection efficiency of transmitters improved as much as 18.3% when receivers were placed on the bottom and by 9.2% when receivers were placed at 20 m versus 10 m depth. In a second portion of our study, we evaluated the influence of depth and several environmental variables on detection efficiency using sentinel transmitters. Receivers placed at 20 m depth had greater detection efficiencies than receivers placed at 10 m depth during increased precipitation and wind speed events and at all tide stages. Our results can be used to improve detection efficiency of tagged, epipelagic Atlantic Salmon smolts in coldwater estuary zones.

Received November 14, 2016; accepted May 24, 2017Published online August 9, 2017
Increased Walleye Egg-to-Larvae Survival following Spawning Habitat Enhancement in a Tributary of Eastern Lake Ontario
Authors: Leblanc John Paul , Brown Brandeis L. , Farrell John M.
Published: August 2017

To mitigate the effects of sedimentation from surrounding land use, a Newbury weir was installed in Kent's Creek (a tributary of eastern Lake Ontario) by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Partners for Fish and Wildlife Program to enhance spawning habitat for Walleye Sander vitreus. By adding angular crushed limestone, the Newbury weir was designed as an engineered spawning riffle that creates a scouring effect to maintain clean spawning substrate for Walleyes. To evaluate the success of the Newbury weir, we compared rates of egg deposition, egg viability, and larval out-migration between the created spawning riffle and a natural spawning bed for two seasons subsequent to its construction. Spawning Walleyes were found to immediately spawn on the created riffle following construction and demonstrated similar patterns of egg deposition and larval out-migration at both sites each year. When data were pooled between years, significantly higher densities of out-migrating larvae were observed at the Newbury weir despite the finding that significantly more eggs were spawned at the natural site. Considering that egg viability was similar between sites, we deduce that the created riffle had a higher egg-to-larvae survival rate. Our results suggest that the Newbury weir successfully created functional spawning habitat promoting out-migrating larval Walleyes. We anticipate that the created riffle will maintain valuable spawning substrate for Walleyes, but sediments deposited from upstream eroding banks and agricultural land use practices could affect its long-term viability. We recommend that future spawning habitat enhancement projects adopt similar approaches within appropriate fluvial geomorphic settings and additionally consider watershed-scale improvements to enhance Walleye spawning tributaries.

Received March 17, 2017; accepted May 26, 2017 Published online August 9, 2017
Microwave-assisted extraction and pharmacological evaluation of polysaccharides from Posidonia oceanica
Authors: Ben Salem Yosra , Abdelhamid Amal , Mkadmini Hammi Khaoula , Le Cerf Didier , Bouraoui Abderrahman , Majdoub Hatem
Published: August 2017

Microwave-assisted extraction was employed for the isolation of polysaccharides from Posidonia oceanica (PPO). The extracting parameters were optimized adopting response surface methodology. The highest polysaccharide yield (2.55 ± 0.09%), which is in concordance with the predicted value (2.76%), was obtained under the following conditions: extraction time 60 s, liquid–solid ratio of 50:1 (mL/g) and power of 800 W. This polysaccharide, with molecular weight of 524 KDa, characterized by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry showed that PPO was mainly composed of galactose, glucose, and arabinose with molar percentages 25.38, 24.37, and 21.64%, respectively. The pharmacological evaluation of PPO using animal models at the dose of 100 mg/kg indicated a significant anti-inflammatory activity with a percentage of inhibition of edema of 54.65% and a significant antinociceptive activity with 78.91% inhibition of writhing for peripheral analgesic activity and an increase in the hot plate reaction time for central analgesic activity.
Fatigue behaviour of dissimilar friction stir welds between wrought and cast aluminium alloys
Authors: Uematsu Yoshihiko , Kakiuchi Toshifumi , Mizutani Yoshiki , Ishida Yuta , Fukunaga Katsutoshi
Published: August 2017

Wrought aluminium alloy, A6016-T4, was welded to cast one ADC12 by a friction stir welding technique. A6016 was set on the advancing side, while ADC12 was on the retreating side based on the pre-tensile test results. The dissimilar welds exhibited lower fatigue strengths than A6016 but higher than that of ADC12. Fatigue strengths increased when the tool was offset into ADC12, which could be explained based on the risk volume concept. When ADC12 was set on the advancing side, the fatigue strengths decreased. Microstructural observation revealed that the macroscopic structure in the stir zone drastically changed by putting ADC12 on the advancing side, and insufficient mixing of dissimilar alloys resulted in the lower fatigue strengths.
Review on finite element analysis of welding deformation and residual stress
Authors: Rong Youmin , Xu Jiajun , Huang Yu , Zhang Guojun
Published: August 2017

Welding deformation and residual stress have negative influence on assembly accuracy and service performance. Thermal elastic plastic (TEP) and inherent strain finite element analysis (FEA) methods were used to study this challenge. Basic principle of these two methods was first introduced. The influence of welding process, constraints, solid phase transformation and multi-pass welding on deformation and residual stress was discussed, and computation accuracy and efficiency were summarised. Loading method of inherent strain in inherent strain FEA was analysed, interface element was introduced to simulate effects of the gap on deformation in assembly welding especially for large structures. The future work, including accurately multiscale TEP model, efficiently transient prediction method of large structures, and flexible evaluation software, was planned.
Seepage Zone Identification at Sutami Dam by Means of Geoelectrical Resistivity Data
Authors: Sunaryo  , Susilo A.
Published: August 2017

A study with entitled Seepage Zone Identification At Sutami Dam By Means Of Geoelectrical Resistivity Data has been conducted. The aim of this study is to get the distribution of seepage zones in the Sutami dam body. Data acquisition has been done by using Oyo-EL McOhm Model 2119C equipment on the tracks along the side of the dam body, both downstream (exhaust) side for first and upstream (reservoir) side for second with pseudodepth section dipole-dipole configuration. Each track has a length of 400m and 380m respectively. The distance between the point electrode consists of 1 track with space (a) is 10m (n=8) and 3 tracks with a space (a) is 20m (n=8). Based on the results of data processing obtained are low resistivity values (ρ ≤ 9.57 Ωm), the moderate resistivity value (9.57 Ωm < ρ ≤ 320 Ωm), and high resistivity (ρ > 320 Ωm). The distribution of fracture zones associated with seepage zones for Sutami dam distributed over the surface to depth of 8-18 m, both upstream (reservoir) or downstream (exhaust) indicated by resistivity values 0.922 Ωm to 9.57 Ωm. The results of the 3D data processing indicates that the fracture zone is also distributed between the upstream (reservoir) and downstream (exhaust) of the Sutami dam body.
Superresolution microscopy of the β-carboxysome reveals a homogeneous matrix
Authors: Niederhuber Matthew J. , Lambert Talley J. , Yapp Clarence , Silver Pamela A. , Polka Jessica K.
Published: August 2017

Carbon fixation in cyanobacteria makes a major contribution to the global carbon cycle. The cyanobacterial carboxysome is a proteinaceous microcompartment that protects and concentrates the carbon-fixing enzyme ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) in a paracrystalline lattice, making it possible for these organisms to fix CO2 from the atmosphere. The protein responsible for the organization of this lattice in beta-type carboxysomes of the freshwater cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus, CcmM, occurs in two isoforms thought to localize differentially within the carboxysome matrix. Here we use wide-field time-lapse and three-dimensional structured illumination microscopy (3D-SIM) to study the recruitment and localization of these two isoforms. We demonstrate that this superresolution technique is capable of distinguishing the localizations of the outer protein shell of the carboxysome and its internal cargo. We develop an automated analysis pipeline to analyze and quantify 3D-SIM images and generate a population-level description of the carboxysome shell protein, RuBisCO, and CcmM isoform localization. We find that both CcmM isoforms have similar spatial and temporal localization, prompting a revised model of the internal arrangement of the β-carboxysome.
Store Formats, Market Structure, and Consumers’ Food Shopping Decisions
Authors: Volpe Richard , Jaenicke Edward C , Chenarides Lauren
Published: August 2017

A growing literature in health and nutrition suggests that healthy foods are less available and more expensive at nontraditional store formats such as supercenters, convenience stores, and drug stores. We use Nielsen Homescan data to investigate the relationship between store format and the healthfulness of consumers’ grocery shopping. Accounting for a rich set of controls, as well as food retail market structure, we simultaneously estimate the healthfulness of consumers’ food purchases and the shares of food expenditure at traditional and nontraditional store formations. We find that healthier food choices are generally associated with higher food expenditure shares at supermarkets and supercenters and lower shares at drug stores and convenience stores. In addition, market concentration has a negative effect on shopping healthfulness.
Looking at the bigger picture: the importance of considering annual cycles in impact assessments illustrated in a migratory seabird species
Authors: Busch Malte , Garthe Stefan
Published: August 2017

Accurate assessment of the overall impacts of anthropogenic activities on mobile, migratory species requires cumulative year-round impact assessments covering their entire annual cycle. This study considers the type of information needed and the assessment tools required to implement such assessments. The developed concept is demonstrated by modelling year-round collisions of Black-legged Kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) breeding on the German North Sea island of Helgoland with constructed and planned offshore wind farms across the species distributional range, in order to assess the endangerment status of the local population.
Carbapenem-resistant Citrobacter spp. isolated in Spain from 2013 to 2015 produced a variety of carbapenemases including VIM-1, OXA-48, KPC-2, NDM-1 and VIM-2
Authors: Arana David M , Ortega Adriana , González-Barberá Eva , Lara Noelia , Bautista Verónica , Gómez-Ruíz Dolores , Sáez David , Fernández-Romero Sara , Aracil Belén , Pérez-Vázquez María , Campos José , Oteo Jesús ,   Spanish Antibiotic Resistance Surveillance Programme Collaborating Group
Published: August 2017

Objectives

There is little information about carbapenemase-producing (CP) Citrobacter spp. We studied the molecular epidemiology and microbiological features of CP Citrobacter spp. isolates collected in Spain (2013–15).

Methods

In total, 119 isolates suspected of being CP by the EUCAST screening cut-off values were analysed. Carbapenemases and ESBLs were characterized using PCR and sequencing. The genetic relationship among Citrobacter freundii isolates was studied by PFGE.

Results

Of the 119 isolates, 63 (52.9%) produced carbapenemases, of which 37 (58.7%) produced VIM-1, 20 (31.7%) produced OXA-48, 12 (19%) produced KPC-2, 2 (3.2%) produced NDM-1 and 1 (1.6%) produced VIM-2; 9 C. freundii isolates co-produced VIM-1 plus OXA-48. Fourteen isolates (22.2%) also carried ESBLs: 8 CTX-M-9 plus SHV-12, 2 CTX-M-9, 2 SHV-12 and 2 CTX-M-15. Fifty-seven isolates (90.5%) were C. freundii, 4 (6.3%) were Citrobacter koseri, 1 (1.6%) was Citrobacter amalonaticus and 1 (1.6%) was Citrobacter braakii. By EUCAST breakpoints, eight (12.7%) of the CP isolates were susceptible to the four carbapenems tested. In the 53 CP C. freundii analysed by PFGE, a total of 44 different band patterns were observed. Four PFGE clusters were identified: cluster 1 included eight isolates co-producing VIM-1 and OXA-48; blaVIM-1 was carried in a class 1 integron (intI–blaVIM-1–aacA4–dfrB1–aadA1–catB2–qacEΔ1/sul1) and blaOXA-48 was carried in a Tn1999.2 transposon.

Conclusions

We observed the clonal and polyclonal spread of CP Citrobacter spp. across several Spanish geographical areas. Four species of Citrobacter spp. produced up to five carbapenemase types, including co-production of VIM-1 plus OXA-48. Some CP Citrobacter spp. isolates were susceptible to the four carbapenems tested, a finding with potential clinical implications.
A Research Agenda on Political Ideology in Consumer Research: A Commentary on Jung et al.’s “Blue and Red Voices”
Authors: Crockett David , Pendarvis Nicholas
Published: August 2017

Jung, Garbarino, Briley, and Wynhausen’s (this issue) findings, though intriguing, leave critical unanswered questions that warrant further inquiry into the role of political ideology on consumption. We posit three research questions that constitute a sociocultural research agenda on the role of political ideology on marketplace redress.
Selected Early-Season Insect Pests of Wheat in the United States and Factors Affecting Their Risks of Infestation
Authors: Hesler Louis S , Sappington Thomas W , Luttrell Randall G , Allen K Clint , Papiernik Sharon K
Published: August 2017

The Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae); cereal aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae); and wireworms (Coleoptera: Elateridae) are three common and important insect pests of seedling wheat, Triticum aestivum L., in the United States. Though less common as pests, false wireworms (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) may also be problematic in situations that favor wireworms. In addition, cereal aphids vector viruses that cause barley yellow dwarf, a serious and widespread wheat disease. Scientific journal publications, review articles, and management guidebooks on wheat insect pests were consulted to determine the extent and intensity that these pests impose on wheat production in the United States. Widespread outbreaks occur infrequently, but local outbreaks happen nearly every year for the three major pests and cause several millions of dollars in crop losses annually. Hessian fly perennially threatens wheat in the southeastern United States, and wireworms are persistent pests in northwestern wheat-production systems. Otherwise, the particular location and severity of outbreaks vary yearly and are largely unpredictable. However, particular agronomic practices can greatly reduce risk of infestation such as elimination of volunteer wheat and weedy hosts and planting wheat during periods of reduced pest abundance. In addition, resistant cultivars can limit Hessian fly and Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia [Kurdjumov]) damage in some areas, but virulent biotypes of each pest complicate their management. Although several preemptive tactics reliably suppress infestations and barley yellow dwarf severity, they are not compatible in all agricultural systems. Consequently, insecticides are necessary in certain areas and within particular production systems to manage major early-season insect pests of wheat.
Can the observed E/B ratio for dust galactic foreground be explained by sub-Alfvénic turbulence?
Authors: Kandel D. , Lazarian A. , Pogosyan D.
Published: August 2017

Recent Planck observations of dust polarization in the Galaxy have revealed that the power in E mode is twice that in B mode. Caldwell et al. have formulated a theoretical model in the context of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence and found it problematic to account for this result. In particular, they concluded that there is a very narrow range of theoretical parameters that could account for the observation. This poses a problem of whether the accepted description of MHD turbulence can apply to the interstellar medium. We revisit the problem and demonstrate that MHD turbulence corresponding to the high galactic latitudes range of Alfvén Mach numbers, i.e. MA ≲ 0.5, can successfully explain the available results for the E to B mode ratio.
Two-Stage En Bloc Resection of Multilevel Cervical Chordomas With Vertebral Artery Preservation: Operative Technique
Authors: Wang Xingwen , Eichbaum Eldan , Jian Fengzeng , Chou Dean
Published: August 2017

BACKGROUND

En bloc excision of cervical chordoma is a technically complex procedure, due to the involvement and closeness of the tumor to the spinal cord, cervical nerve roots, and vertebral arteries. Studies have previously shown that en bloc excision of chordomas with negative margins improves local control and prolongs disease-free survival compared with intralesional excision. True en bloc spondylectomy in the cervical spine is not feasible since bilateral vertebral artery sacrifice is not possible. However, for lateralized tumors, en bloc excision of chordoma can be performed with unilateral vertebral artery preservation by parasagittal osteotomy.

OBJECTIVE

To describe the operative technique of performing en bloc excision of cervical chordoma via parasagittal osteotomy.

METHODS

Four patients underwent en bloc excision of multilevel cervical chordomas via parasagittal osteotomy between 2008 and 2016. These 4 cases of chordoma were at the upper-cervical, mid-cervical, and cervicothoracic regions. We analyzed the tumor location, oncological staging, surgical technique, and perioperative complications.

RESULTS

All 4 patients underwent en bloc excision of chordoma with expandable cage reconstruction and posterior instrumentation. Cervical nerve roots were sacrificed in 2 patients, and vertebral artery ligation was performed in 3 patients. Complications include new neurologic deficit, implant failure, and pharyngeal erosion after radiation. No tumor recurrence was seen.

CONCLUSION

Parasagittal osteotomy is a useful alternative to en bloc spondylectomy in the treatment of lateralized multilevel cervical chordoma, preserving one vertebral artery while still achieving an en bloc resection.
Small Superconductors—Introduction
Authors: Narlikar A.V.
Published: August 2017

This article provides an overview of small superconductors, including some of the basic definitions, prominent characteristics, and important effects manifested by such materials. In particular, it discusses size effects, surface effects, electron-mean-free-path effects, phase slips, unusual vortex states, and proximity effects. The article first considers the two characteristic length scales of superconductors, namely the magnetic penetration depth and coherence length, before proceeding with an analysis of two size effects that account for how superconductivity responds when the bulk sample is made smaller and smaller in the nano range: the small size effects and the quantum size effects. It then examines other phenomena associated with small superconductors such as quantum fluctuations, Anderson limit, parity and shell effects, along with the behaviour of nanowires and ultra-thin fims. It also describes some of the experimental techniques commonly used in the synthesis of small superconductors.
Superconducting Spintronics and Devices
Authors: Blamire M.G. , Robinson J.W.A.
Published: August 2017

This article reviews the current status of superconducting spintronics and devices, with particular emphasis on the critical issues and developments needed for their application to low-power quantum computing. It first provides an overview of conventional spintronics before discussing the rationale for superconducting spintronics. It then considers the proximity effects and Josephson junctions in superconductor-ferromagnet heterostructures, along with spin transport in the superconducting state. It also examines the issue of memory in superconducting spintronics, especially with respect to reading and writing magnetic data via superconducting states, and how to generate memory logic in such devices. Finally, it evaluates the potential application of superconductor-ferromagnetic insulator devices as thermoelectric systems in low-temperature electronic circuits.
Self-assembly strategy of nanomanufacturing of hybrid devices
Authors: Hong S. , Kwon Y.-K. , Ha J.S. , Lee N.-K. , Kim B. , Sung M.
Published: August 2017

This article considers the nanomanufacturing of hybrid devices using the self-assembly strategy. Hybrid devices utilize nanomaterials such as nanoparticles, organic molecules, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and nanowires. Examples include CNT-based circuits and molecular electronics. However, a major stumbling block holding back the practical applications of hybrid systems can be a lack of a mass-production method for such devices. This article first describes the direct patterning of nanostructures by means of dip-pen nanolithography and microcontact printing before discussing the fabrication of nanostructures using directed assembly. It also examines the mechanism of various assembly processes ofnanostructures and concludes with an overview of the characteristics of self-assembled hybrid nanodevices.
Nanocatalysis
Authors: Vang R.T. , Wendt S. , Besenbacher F.
Published: August 2017

This article discusses nanocatalysis and especially the interrelation between the structure, composition and properties of catalysts. It begins with a review of techniques that have been developed and employed for surface characterization, which can be divided intothree main areas: spectroscopy, diffraction, and microscopy. After describing the nanocharacterization tools, the article considers the theoretical underpinnings of catalysts and catalytic processes. It also examines how detailed atomic-scale insight into elementary surface processes relevant to catalysis can be obtained mainly by means of high-resolution scanning tunnelling microscope studies on single-crystal surfaces. More specifically, it explores the surface structure, adsorption, dissociation and diffusion, and surface chemical reactions of catalysts. The article also looks at the design of new catalysts from first principles and concludes with an assessment of nanocatalysts and transmission electron microscope studies of nanoclusters on high surface area supports.
Carbon-nanotube field emission electron and X-ray technology for medical research and clinical applications
Authors: Wang Sigen , Zhou Otto , Chang Sha
Published: August 2017

This article describes carbon-nanotube based X-ray technologies for medical research and clinical applications, including an X-ray source, microfocus X-ray tube, microcomputed tomography scanner, stationary digital breast tomosynthesis, microradiotherapy system, and single-cell irradiation system. It first examines electron field emission from carbon nanotubes before discussing carbon-nanotube field emission electron and X-ray technologies in greater detail. It highlights the enormous promise of these systems in commercial and research application for the future in diagnostic medical imaging; in-vivo imaging of small-animal modelsfor pre-clinical cancer studies; security screening; industrial inspection; cancer radiotherapy of small-animal models for pre-clinical cancer studies; and basic cancer research using single-cell irradiation.
Nanolithography using molecular films and processing
Authors: McGuiness C.L. , Smith R.K. , Anderson M.E. , Weiss P.S. , Allara D.L.
Published: August 2017

This article focuses on the use of molecular films as building blocks for nanolithography. More specifically, it reviews efforts aimed at utilizing organic molecular assemblies in overcoming the limitations of lithography, including self-patterning and directed patterning. It considers the methods of patterning self-assembled organic monolayer films through soft-lithographic methods such as microcontact printing and nanoimprint lithography, through direct ‘write’ or ‘machine’ processes with a nanometer-sized tip and through exposure to electron or photon beams. It also discusses efforts to pattern the organic assemblies via the physicochemical self-assembling interactions, including patterning via phase separation of chemically different molecules and insertion of guest adsorbates into host matrices. Furthermore, it examines the efforts that have been made to couple patterned molecular assemblies with inorganic thin-film growth methods to form spatially constrained, three-dimensional thin films. Finally, it describes a hybrid self-assembly/conventional lithography (i.e. molecular rulers) approach to forming nanostructures.