bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Explaining the decline of tipping norms in the gig economy
Authors: Duhaime Erik P. , Woessner Zachary W.
Published: June 2019

Purpose

Advances in information technology have enabled new ways of organizing work and led to a proliferation of what is known as the “gig economy.” While much attention has been paid to how these new organizational designs have upended traditional employee–employer relationships, there has been little consideration of how these changes have impacted the social norms and expectations that govern the relationship between workers and consumers. The purpose of this paper is to consider the social norm of tipping and propose that gig work is associated with a breakdown of tipping norms in part because of workers’ increased autonomy in terms of deciding when and whether to work.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors present four studies to support their hypothesis: a survey vignette experiment with workers on Amazon Mechanical Turk (Study 1), an analysis of New York City taxi data (Study 2), a field experiment with restaurant employee food delivery drivers (Study 3) and a field experiment with gig-worker food delivery drivers (Study 4).

Findings

In Studies 1 and 2, they find that consumers are less likely to tip when workers have autonomy in deciding whether to complete a task. In Study 3, they find that restaurant delivery employees notice upfront tips (or lack thereof) and alter their service as a result. In contrast, in Study 4, they find that gig-workers who agree to complete a delivery for a fixed amount that includes an upfront tip (or lack thereof) are not responsive to tips. Together, these findings suggest that the gig economy has not only transformed employee-employer relationships, but has also altered the norms and expectations of consumers and workers.

Originality/value

The authors present four different studies that consider the social norm of tipping in the context of gig work. Together, they highlight that perceptions of worker autonomy have driven the decline in tipping norms associated with gig work.
The impact of reconfigurability on the operational performance of manufacturing systems
Authors: Maganha Isabela , Silva Cristovao , Ferreira Luis Miguel D. F.
Published: June 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the current level of reconfigurability implementation and its impact on manufacturing systems’ operational performance empirically.

Design/methodology/approach

This study is based on a questionnaire survey. Statistical analysis procedures were adopted to accomplish its objectives, namely, clustering methods based on cluster centroids. An ANOVA analysis was used to test for cluster differences among the variables.

Findings

The results show that the manufacturing companies surveyed can be divided into three clusters, with different levels of reconfigurability implemented. The implementation of the core characteristics of reconfigurability depends on the product’s complexity and demand variability, in terms of volume and product mix, as these have an impact on the operational performance, in terms of quality, delivery and flexibility.

Research limitations/implications

The data for this survey were collected from manufacturing companies based in Portugal. Therefore, the replication of this questionnaire in other countries is recommended for future research to confirm its findings.

Practical implications

The questionnaire developed could be used by managers to assess the level of reconfigurability of their production systems and for internal/external benchmarking. The findings may help managers to decide which core characteristics should be implemented in their manufacturing systems.

Originality/value

The majority of the research addressing performance issues in reconfigurable manufacturing systems has been applied to case studies. This research reports an empirical investigation using a questionnaire-based methodology to provide generalisable empirical evidence.
True, fake and alternative: a topology of news and its implications for brands
Authors: Berthon Pierre , Pehlivan Ekin , Yalcin Taylan , Rabinovich Tamara
Published: June 2019

Purpose

Berthon and Pitt (2018) recently highlighted the symbiotic relationship between fake news and brands. This paper aims to draw on semiotics to refine the fake/real news dichotomy to a fourfold typology.

Design/methodology/approach

First, the authors turn to semiotics and review Greimas’ (1966) semiotic square. Second, they use this framework to refine the fake/real news dichotomy into a four-fold typology. Third, they illustrate each type with a news report on the topic of climate change. Fourth, they apply this framework to reveal four types of brand: real, fake, empty and ironic.

Findings

Given that brand communications are heterogeneous, the authors suggest that the typology can be reconceptualized as dimensions and brands communications decoded accordingly. They conclude by exploring further opportunities offered by the semiotic square for interpretive investigation.

Originality/value

The value of the paper lies in the novel use of the semiotic square to shed light on both news and brand communications.
Normalization techniques for collaborative networks
Authors: Vafaei Nazanin , Ribeiro Rita A. , Camarinha-Matos Luis M. , Valera Leonilde Rocha
Published: June 2019

Purpose

Normalization is a crucial step in all decision models, to produce comparable and dimensionless data from heterogeneous data. As such, various normalization techniques are available but their performance depends on a number of characteristics of the problem at hand. Thus, this study aims to introduce a recommendation framework for supporting users to select data normalization techniques that better fit the requirements in different application scenarios, based on multi-criteria decision methods.

Design/methodology/approach

Following the proposed approach, the authors compare six well-known normalization techniques applied to a case study of selecting suppliers in collaborative networks.

Findings

With this recommendation framework, the authors expect to contribute to improving the normalization of criteria in the evaluation and selection of suppliers and business partners in dynamic networked collaborative systems.

Originality/value

This is the first study about comparing normalization techniques for selecting the best normalization in dynamic multiple-criteria decision-making models in collaborative networks.
Increasing university entrepreneurialism: qualitative insights from the technology transfer office
Authors: Secundo Giustina , De Beer Christle , Fai Felicia M. , Schutte Cornelius S.L.
Published: June 2019

Purpose

Successful promotion of academic entrepreneurship is a determining factor in the pursuit of university entrepreneurialism. This paper aims to illustrate how qualitative data on the performance of the technology transfer office (TTO), based on access to intellectual capital (IC) indicators, can be transformed into a metric to provide insights that assist in strategy development for a university moving towards a more entrepreneurial configuration.

Design/methodology/approach

The TTO performance metric takes the form of a self-assessment of access to IC indicators, which are determinants of effectiveness. This study involves the use of the metric through the completion of an online survey and follow-up interviews, to collect and analyse the data.

Findings

The performance of 34 TTOs in continental Europe and the UK are measured, and insights into the success of promoting academic entrepreneurship were gained. The qualitative data are studied in detail to illustrate how the university can strategically leverage IC to enhance academic entrepreneurship.

Research limitations/implications

This study recommends that the university align the mission statement and organisational structure of the TTO, to enable access to IC. This, in turn, may result in increased academic entrepreneurship activities, which will drive the university towards increased entrepreneurialism.

Practical implications

The interpretation of the qualitative data relating to the performance of the TTO, and which factors influence it, aids in understanding the performance of the entrepreneurial university and illustrates, which strategic interventions can be made.

Originality/value

Understanding the link between IC, academic entrepreneurship (as encapsulated in the performance of the TTO) and the characteristics of the entrepreneurial university is particularly useful for university management decisions.
The effect of political and business ties on firm performance
Authors: Sami Parinaz , Rahnavard Farajollah , Alavi Tabar Alireza
Published: June 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate the mediator role of product innovation in the relationship between political and business ties (independent variables) and firm performance (dependent variable).

Design/methodology/approach

In this study, research hypotheses were tested using the structural equation modeling method.

Findings

The findings from 267 manufacturing companies in Iran show that business ties have an effect on firm performance through product innovation, while the role of innovation is not proved as a mediating variable in the relationships between political ties and firm performance. In addition, business ties have an effect on product innovation and firm performance, whereas political ties have no such effect.

Practical implications

These results provide useful points for developing economies, theoretically and practically.

Originality/value

Despite the increasing attention to the role of managerial ties (political and business ties) in improving product innovation and firm performance, there is no study conducted on the mediating role of product innovation in the relationship between managerial ties and firm performance.
Dietary intake of energy and fiber in MS patients; an approach to prebiotics role
Authors: Moravejolahkami Amir Reza , Paknahad Zamzam , Chitsaz Ahmad
Published: June 2019

Purpose

Dietary fiber and energy intakes seem to be related to disability and anthropometric indices in multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system. So, this study was designed to investigate the association between dietary fiber and energy intakes with systemic inflammation, disease severity and anthropometric measurements in MS subjects.

Design/methodology/approach

Four subtypes of 261 MS volunteers were recruited (female = 210, male = 51; mean age 38.9 ± 8.3). A 168-item food frequency questionnaire and nutritionist IV software were used to estimate the amounts of dietary, insoluble, soluble, crude fiber and energy intakes. Serum hs-CRP, extended disability status scale (EDSS), height, weight and Deurenberg equation were also used to evaluate systemic inflammation, disease severity, body mass index (BMI) and percentage body fat, respectively.

Findings

Mean differences among the three hs-CRP and EDSS subgroups for dietary fibers and energy intake were significant (p < 0.001). Dietary fiber intake (M = 19.9 ± 4.3 g/day) was a good predictor for EDSS (B = −0.196,p = 0.012), and insoluble fiber intake was introduced as the best predictor of hs-CRP (B = −3.293,p < 0.001). Energy intake predicted both BMI (B = 0.007,p < 0.001) and percentage body fat (B = 0.015,p < 0.001).

Originality/value

Hypocaloric and high prebiotic fiber diet may suppress systemic inflammation and thereby modulate disease severity, as well as control anthropometric indices.
China’s Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area: a new development opportunity for Hong Kong
Authors: Lau Siu-kai
Published: June 2019

Purpose

The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) Strategy is an important component of the “Belt and Road Initiative” of China. The purpose of this Project is to develop the GBA into the most open, market-oriented and innovative pole of economic growth in China. The GBA Project provides Hong Kong with a rare opportunity to diversify its industrial structure and to move into a new and higher stage of economic development.

Design/methodology/approach

Being an integral part of the GBA, Hong Kong is expected and supported by the Central Government to develop into a hub of the Area, and, leveraging on Hong Kong’s status as an international metropolis, to connect the Area as a whole with the world.

Findings

China’s Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Project is a major national development strategy and is a major part of the Belt and Road Initiative. Hong Kong is going to play an important role in the Project and will benefit from it enormously in the future in terms of economic growth and the upgrading of its industrial structure. However, in order to take full advantage of participation in the Project, the way Hong Kong is governed, particularly the government's role in economic development, has to be modified significantly.

Originality/value

In order to take advantage of the Project, the Hong Kong SAR Government has to play a bigger and more proactive role in Hong Kong’s socioeconomic development and to strengthen its capacity to mobilize societal participation in the Project.
Earnings forecast revisions and securities prices evolution in the Tunisian stock market
Authors: Bouteska Ahmed , Regaieg Boutheina
Published: June 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of forecast earnings’ revision on the evolution of securities prices in the Tunisian stock market.

Design/methodology/approach

A portfolio study of investor reaction and stock prices following revisions is first conducted to highlight the existence of abnormal return related to analysts’ earnings revisions. Analysis is then supplemented by a second empirical investigation based on the panel data to quantify the effect of revision on the abnormal profitability of securities.

Findings

The evidence found in this paper validates the fundamental theoretical hypothesis according to which the psychological bias resulting from the effect of the forecast earnings revision is related to the abnormal profitability of the securities. The authors conclude the importance of the revision impact on investors’ behavior on one hand, and the informational content of the analysts’ forecasts and the biases which they lead on the other hand.

Originality/value

Globally, the empirical illustrations largely validate the findings of behavioral models particularly that of Kormendi and Lippe (1987), Cornell and Letsman (1989), Beaver et al. (2008) which states that investors under psychological bias, react to the effect of forecast earnings revision by an abnormal variation in stock prices.
Journal of Behavioral Finance in retrospect
Authors: Calma Angelito
Published: June 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact and contribution of the Journal of Behavioral Finance (JBF).

Design/methodology/approach

It uses the metadata from 328 journal articles (2004–2017) extracted from Scopus and Web of Science. The data included 2,602 author-submitted keywords, 1,825 index keywords and 310 abstracts.

Findings

Results indicate that JBF is still a young journal with 196 academic articles cited by 372 documents. Most citations come from JBF itself and the Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance. Mesly and Seiler are the most published, University of Gothenberg has more contributions than any other institution while the USA, Australia and UK represent nearly half of those citations. Investment policy is the most used author keyword next to behavioural finance, while risk is the most used index keyword. The most commonly used words in abstracts are investor or investors. The implications of and for JBF are discussed.

Originality/value

It is a unique and novel approach to analysing almost the entire publication history of the journal by using citation analysis.
The unspoken facets of buying by individual investors in Indian stock market
Authors: Bondia Ripsy , Biswal Pratap Chandra , Panda Abinash
Published: June 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to develop an in-depth contextualized understanding of individual investors’ buying decision in Indian stock market. Specifically, it provides answers to: how do individual investors make buying decision in stock market; and how and when do biases set in during such decisions. The paper also brings forward some aspects of individual’s journey as an investor.

Design/methodology/approach

Given the exploratory nature of this study, the paper takes a step away from typically used variance approach and instead uses a process approach. The authors do in-depth one-on-one interview, where each respondent shares his/her lived experiences as an investor retrospectively. To understand buying decision, each respondent is asked to elaborate three significant buying transactions carried out by him/ her in stock market.

Findings

Socio-cultural factors are found to have significant influence in inducing respondents to enter market. “Safe” vs “Risky” mental account emerges as the prominent stock categorization done by Indian investors. Three building blocks, namely, Identification, Rationalization and Further Validation emerge as the building blocks that culminate into buying decision of individual investors. The biases are seen to play a dual role in such decisions; as Attention Boosters and Rationales.

Originality/value

This study, to the best of authors’ knowledge, is first of its kind which amalgamates behavioral biases with phenomenon such as attention and Rationalization, to understand “how” behavioral biases set in during buying decision of individual investors.
Relationship Among Coping Strategies, Quality of Life, and Anxiety and Depressive Disorders in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Işık Ulusoy Selen , Kal Öznur
Published: June 2019

Patients with hemodialysis face many physical and emotional stressors; yet little is known regarding coping strategies and their effects on patients' quality of life (QOL) and anxiety and depressive disorders. A total of 117 patients were enrolled in this cross‐sectional study between October 2016 and April 2017. This study assessed QOL (Medical outcome short form 36—MOS 36), coping (Assessment Scale for Coping Attitudes—COPE) and psychiatric comorbidities in hemodialysis patients. Beck Depression Scale and Beck Anxiety Scale were also applied. Differences between groups were evaluated using Student's t‐tests and anova. Correlations among parameters were performed. Patients with any depressive disorder (22.2%, n = 26) and patients with any anxiety disorder (19.6%, n = 23) reported more impaired QOL. The most frequently used coping strategy in all patients was religious coping. Use of instrumental social support, humor, and positive reinterpretation scores were lower in patients with any depressive disorder (P = 0.009, P = 0.034, P = 0.047).The total score of emotion‐focused coping strategies was lower with patients with any depressive disorder (P = 0.021) and emotion‐focused coping strategies were positively correlated with QOL scores. Younger age and longer duration of hemodialysis have significant negative correlation with emotion‐focused coping strategies' total score (P = 0.01, P = 0.02). Patients with hemodialysis use variety of coping strategies. The use of emotion‐focused coping was associated with better QOL and reducing the risk of depressive disorder. Interventions to facilitate the use of adaptive coping strategies may improve patients' QOL and mood.
Deciding on Appropriate Use of Force: Human‐machine Interaction in Weapons Systems and Emerging Norms
Authors: Huelss Hendrik
Published: June 2019

This article considers the role of norms in the debate on autonomous weapons systems (AWS). It argues that the academic and political discussion is largely dominated by considerations of how AWS relate to norms institutionalised in international law. While this debate on AWS has produced insights on legal and ethical norms and sounded options of a possible regulation or ban, it neglects to investigate how complex human‐machine interactions in weapons systems can set standards of appropriate use of force, which are politically normatively relevant but take place outside of formal, deliberative law‐setting. While such procedural norms are already emerging in the practice of contemporary warfare, the increasing technological complexity of AI‐driven weapons will add to their political‐normative relevance. I argue that public deliberation about and political oversight and accountability of the use of force is at risk of being consumed and normalised by functional procedures and perceptions. This can have a profound impact on future of remote‐warfare and security policy.
Market response to syndicated loan announcements from high‐profile failed and acquiring banks during the global financial crisis
Authors: Gasbarro Dominic , Le Kim‐Song , Schwebach Robert G. , Zumwalt J. Kenton
Published: June 2019

Previous studies that have examined the impact of the 2008 financial crisis on syndicated loans have ignored potential differences between lending banks by explicitly or implicitly aggregating all lenders together and focusing on borrower characteristics. One must jointly consider both borrower and lender to fully understand the complex role of the syndicate during this period. We consider the identity of the lender, with a focus on five major US banks that failed and their five corresponding acquirers. Our results highlight the distinct roles of investment and commercial banks and facilitate an understanding of relationship and transactional‐based lending.
Inter‐Relations between Partner‐Provided Support and Self‐Efficacy: A Dyadic Longitudinal Analysis
Authors: Hohl Diana Hilda , Schultze Martin , Keller Jan , Heuse Silke , Luszczynska Aleksandra , Knoll Nina
Published: June 2019

Background

Existing evidence indicates that social support may enhance recipients’ self‐efficacy (enabling hypothesis) or that self‐efficacy facilitates support receipt (cultivation hypothesis). However, less is known about the time‐lagged support–self‐efficacy relationship in couples. Our aim was to disentangle reciprocal interrelations among stable and time‐varying components of support provision and self‐efficacy in couples over time.

Methods

We conducted secondary analyses of a published randomised controlled trial with six assessments, spanning 1 year andN = 338 heterosexual couples (age range: 18–80 years). Women's and men's reports on physical activity‐specific provided support and physical activity‐specific self‐efficacy were analysed.

Results

Based on the actor‐partner interdependence model, we compared nested random intercepts cross‐lagged panel models. The final model revealed no gender effects. Stable levels of both partners’ support provision and self‐efficacy were positively associated. At the time‐varying level, one partner's self‐efficacy predicted the other partner's support provision later on. No lagged‐association emerged for the opposite predictive direction.

Conclusions

Partners’ stable shares of provided support and self‐efficacy were interrelated, whereas higher time‐varying self‐efficacy of one partner seemed to activate support provision from the other partner, confirming the cultivation hypothesis but not the enabling hypothesis.
Making New Year's Resolutions that Stick: Exploring how Superordinate and Subordinate Goals Motivate Goal Pursuit
Authors: Höchli Bettina , Brügger Adrian , Messner Claude
Published: June 2019

Background

New Year's Eve is a time when people make resolutions, but, more often than not, fail to achieve them. Previous research highlighted the positive effect of subordinate goals in goal pursuit. We argue that combining superordinate and subordinate goals contributes to successful goal pursuit, especially in the long run. We test whether a simultaneous focus on both goal types helps people to keep their resolutions.

Methods

Using a 2 × 2 between‐subjects design, participants (N = 256) formulated a resolution from which they derived either a superordinate (yes/no) or a subordinate goal (yes/no). The control group focused exclusively on a self‐set resolution. Main outcome measures were effort in goal pursuit and intentions to further pursue the goal after 3 months.

Results

Focusing on superordinate and subordinate goals increased the amount of effort invested in goal pursuit. A group difference was found only between the group focusing on both goal types and the group focusing on a superordinate goal. No statement could be made about intentions for further goal pursuit and processes by which goal type affects goal pursuit.

Conclusion

The study provides preliminary insights into how combining superordinate and subordinate goals may be a helpful strategy to pursue long‐term goals.
Culture, Burnout, and Engagement: A Meta‐Analysis on National Cultural Values as Moderators in JD‐R Theory
Authors: Rattrie Lucy T.B. , Kittler Markus G. , Paul Karsten I.
Published: June 2019

Despite prominence and increasing application of the Job Demands‐Resources (JD‐R) theory across national contexts, the role of culture has not yet been systematically explored. We conducted a meta‐analysis of 132 independent samples from 120 studies across 5 global regions (total N = 101,073) to fill this void. Our paper responds to long‐standing concerns around neglecting differences in the relationships of workplace factors with burnout and engagement across national cultures by testing for a moderating role within JD‐R theory. Results suggest strong support for the direct job demands‐burnout and job resources‐engagement pathways. Regarding the role of culture, our study reveals moderating roles for five out of six cultural dimensions using Hofstede’s framework. Interestingly, these cultural dimensions present a moderating impact towards relationships with either job demands or job resources, yet not both. Our findings offer a valuable starting point for further theoretical developments that can impact international business and global mobility. While these insights suggest a role of national cultural context in JD‐R studies, sensitivity analyses showed that the findings were only partly stable.
ED50 of propofol in combination with low‐dose sufentanil for intravenous anaesthesia in hysteroscopy
Authors: Yu Jin , Xiang Bo , Song Yun , Chen Hu , Li Youchang , Liu Chun
Published: June 2019

Objectives

Sufentanil has favourable pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties as an opioid, and it is usually co‐administered with propofol as intravenous anaesthesia for hysteroscopic examination or therapeutic surgery. However, the optimal dosage of propofol when it is co‐administered with low‐dose sufentanil has not yet been established. This study was designed to find the median effective dose of propofol for intravenous anaesthesia when combined with low‐dose sufentanil.

Methods

Fifty‐four patients were enrolled and randomized into two groups in this prospective study. Sufentanil 0.2 μg/kg (Group A) or 0.1 μg/kg (Group B) was given intravenously before speculum placement. The initial propofol dose was set at 2 mg/kg and varied by 0.1 mg/kg according to the sequential allocation up‐and‐down rule designed by Dixon and Massey. Respiratory depression, duration of initial dose of propofol, total drug quantity administered and recovery time were recorded.

Results

The ED50 of propofol was 1.651 mg/kg (95% CI, 1.561‐1.722 mg/kg) in Group A and 1.991 mg/kg (95% CI, 1.902‐2.081 mg/kg) in Group B. The ED95 of propofol was 1.827 mg/kg (95% CI, 1.746‐2.236 mg/kg) in Group A and 2.153 mg/kg (95% CI, 2.070‐2.73 7 mg/kg) in Group B. The initial and total dosage of propofol in Group A were significantly lower than those in Group B, but the incidence of respiratory depression in Group A (26.67%) was significantly higher than that in Group B (4.17%).

Conclusion

The ED50 values for propofol when co‐administered with low‐dose sufentanil for intravenous anaesthesia in hysteroscopy were 1.651 mg/kg (sufentanil 0.2 μg/kg) and 1.991 mg/kg (sufentanil 0.1 μg/kg). (www.chictr.org.cn, registration number: ChiCTR1900021224).
Application of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technique in the study of cancer treatment
Authors: Jiang Chunyang , Meng Lingxiang , Yang Bingjun , Luo Xin
Published: June 2019

In recent years, gene editing, especially that using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/Cas9, has made great progress in the field of gene function. Rapid development of gene editing techniques has contributed to their significance in the field of medicine. Because the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing tool is not only powerful but also has features such as strong specificity and high efficiency, it can accurately and rapidly screen the whole genome, facilitating the administration of gene therapy for specific diseases. In the field of tumor research, CRISPR/Cas9 can be used to edit genomes to explore the mechanisms of tumor occurrence, development, and metastasis. In these years, this system has been increasingly applied in tumor treatment research. CRISPR/Cas9 can be used to treat tumors by repairing mutations or knocking out specific genes. To date, numerous preliminary studies have been conducted on tumor treatment in related fields. CRISPR/Cas9 holds great promise for gene‐level tumor treatment. Personalized and targeted therapy based on CRISPR/Cas9 will possibly shape the development of tumor therapy in the future. In this study, we review the findings of CRISPR/Cas9 for tumor treatment research to provide references for related future studies on the pathogenesis and clinical treatment of tumors.
Alterations of cerebral perfusion and functional brain connectivity in medication‐naïve male adults with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Tan Ya‐Wen , Liu Lu , Wang Yan‐Fei , Li Hai‐Mei , Pan Mei‐Rong , Zhao Meng‐Jie , Huang Fang , Wang Yu‐Feng , He Yong , Liao Xu‐Hong , Qian Qiu‐Jin
Published: June 2019

Aims

Functional brain abnormalities, including altered cerebral perfusion and functional connectivities, have been illustrated in adults with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (aADHD). The present study attempted to explore the alterations of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and resting‐state functional connectivity (RSFC) simultaneously to understand the neural mechanisms for adults with ADHD comprehensively.

Methods

Resting‐state arterial spin labeling (ASL) and blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were acquired for 69 male aADHD and 69 matched healthy controls (HCs). The altered CBFs associated with aADHD were explored based on both categorical (aADHD vs HCs) and dimensional (correlation with aADHD core symptoms) perspectives. Then, the seed‐based RSFC analyses were developed for the regions showing significant alterations of CBF.

Results

Significantly decreased CBF in the large‐scale resting‐state networks regions (eg, ventral attentional network, somatomotor network, limbic network) and subcortical regions was indicated in aADHD compared with HCs. The correlation analyses indicated that the hypoperfusion in left putamen/global pallidum and left amygdala/hippocampus was correlated with ADHD inattentive and total symptoms, respectively. Further, weaker negative functional connectivity between left amygdala and bilateral supplementary motor area, bilateral superior frontal gyrus, and left medial frontal gyrus was found in adults with ADHD.

Conclusion

The present findings suggested alterations of both cerebral perfusion and functional connectivity for the left amygdala in aADHD. The combination of CBF and RSFCs may help to interpret the neuropathogenesis of ADHD more comprehensively.
Development and outcomes of an immersive obesity summit workshop for medical resident and fellow education
Authors: Velazquez Amanda , Robinson Katie J. H. , Frederick Jennifer L. , Kushner Robert F.
Published: June 2019

Physicians need better training to manage patients with obesity. Our study capitalized on the intimate nature of an extracurricular obesity workshop, creating an interactive educational programme. We assessed the short‐ and long‐term impact of the workshop on trainees' knowledge, competence and confidence in caring for patients with obesity in an outpatient setting. This is a cross‐sectional study, involving regionally diverse mix of resident and fellow physicians. A live 2.5‐day continuing medical education summit was held 11 to 13 March 2016. Obesity‐related topics were reviewed using state‐of‐the art pedagogical techniques. Pre‐/post‐levels of knowledge, competence and clinical practice strategies were analysed. Sixty‐three candidates interested in additional obesity medicine training were nominated by US residency and fellowship programme directors and selected to attend the summit. On average, learners experienced a 110% relative increase in knowledge and competence. The overall effect size was 0.95, with participants being ~54% more knowledgeable about the management of patients with obesity. All participants self‐reported that this activity increased their knowledge about the subject matter, improving their performance in caring for patients when asked about their practice in a follow‐up survey 6 months following the workshop. This immersive summit promoted robust gains in knowledge and confidence, ultimately translating to reported practice improvements at the individual and health system levels. Future research is warranted on the sustainability of gained skills.
Light stability in cyan and magenta tones using standard and highly chromatic toner particles
Authors: Majnarić Igor , Morić Marko , Modrić Damir
Published: June 2019

An increasing requisite regarding the reproduction quality of electrophotographic printing machines demands improvement of new electrophotographic toner formulation, especially used pigments. The subject of this paper is a comparison of prints realised by depositing high chroma (HC) and standard emulsion aggregation (EA) toner on gloss fine art paper. HC toner has a different composition of the cyan and magenta tones compared with the corresponding standard EA toner tones and therefore behaves differently under real conditions. The patches used for this experiment were cyan and magenta tone prints with tone values (TVs) of 0, 20, 60 and 100%. Ultraviolet (UV) degradation was measured over time intervals of 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 96, 144 and 240 h for all patches. Results (laboratory values) were calculated using colorimetric difference. Values were plotted as a function of time in tonal degradation graphs. A model was created using non‐linear regression‐based modelling. The experiment demonstrates that magenta patches are more susceptible to degradation in comparison with cyan patches. With the increase in tonal value, it is noticeable that the colorimetric difference is higher. Colorimetric differences calculated using HC magenta toner and standard EA cyan toner (100% TV) were higher than ∆E = 5, starting to appear after 6 h of exposure to UV radiance. After 12 h of exposure, colorimetric differences of standard magenta tones that were greater than ∆E = 5 also started to appear. Cyan patches (100% TV) printed with HC toner were more stable than the other patches, and after 240 h of exposure had not crossed the boundary of ∆E = 5.
Retraction of reconstructing disasters and adaptation scenario of nineteenth‐century Kashmir
Authors: Ahmad Bashir , Alam Akhtar , Bhat M. Sultan , Bhat Kurshid A.
Published: June 2019

The above article from Disasters, published online on 24 June 2019 in Wiley Online Library (http://wileyonlinelibrary.com) has been withdrawn by agreement between the authors, the Journal Editors, Sara Pantuliano, John Twigg, Helen Young and Matthew Foley, and John Wiley & Sons Ltd., on behalf of Overseas Development Institute.

Reference

Ahmad, B., Alam, A., Bhat, M. S. and Bhat, K. A. (2019), . Disasters. Accepted Author Manuscript. doi:10.1111/disa.12364
In praise of dependencies: dispersed dependencies and displacement
Authors: Easton‐Calabria Evan , Herson Maurice
Published: June 2019

Reconceiving or reframing the humanitarian consequences of displacement in terms of ‘dispersed dependencies’, a term drawn from the field of mental health, sheds light on the disruptive experience of displacement and on affected individuals’ relations with other displaced people, hosts, states and humanitarian actors. Dependency for a person is neither a problem nor abnormal; independence is in effect about having a viable set of dispersed dependencies. This description, when applied in the context of disaster or displacement, challenges some humanitarian attitudes and offers some positive directions for humanitarian actors who seek to engage in assistance that is sustainable, contextual, and focused on human choice and dignity.
Community resilience and urban planning in tsunami‐prone settlements in Chile
Authors: Herrmann‐Lunecke Marie Geraldine , Villagra Paula
Published: June 2019

Urban planning can serve to minimise the effects of a tsunami and enhance community resilience. This study explores to what extent urban planning has addressed tsunami resilience in four villages on Chile's South Pacific coast, each of which was struck by tsunamis in 1960, 2010, and 2015. Through a detailed policy review and semi‐structured interviews with residents, this paper analyses whether tsunami mitigation policies were incorporated into regional and local planning tools. It finds that although the government proposed relocation to tsunami‐safe areas after the tsunami of 1960, urban development continued mainly in tsunami inundation zones—in the context of weak local planning frameworks and in the absence of community participation. In only one of the four case studies did participatory planning bring about the relocation of an entire village to a safe location. This paper concludes that incorporating participatory risk zone planning into urban planning enhances tsunami resilience.
Evaluation of a population mobility, mortality, and birth surveillance system in South Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Jarrett Prudence , Zadravecz Frank J. , O'Keefe Jennifer , Nshombo Marius , Karume Augustin , Roberts Les
Published: June 2019

Prospective, community‐based surveillance systems for measuring birth, death, and population movement rates may have advantages over the ‘gold‐standard’ retrospective household survey in humanitarian contexts. A community‐based, monthly surveillance system was established in South Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo, in partnership with a local implementing partner and the national ministry of health. Data were collected on the occurrence of births, deaths, arrivals, and departures over the course of one year, and a retrospective survey was conducted at the end of the period to validate the information. Discrepancies between the two approaches were resolved by a third visit to the households with discordant records. The study found that the surveillance system was superior in terms of its specificity and sensitivity in measuring crude mortality and birth rates as compared to the survey, demonstrating the method's potential to measure accurately important population‐level health metrics in an insecure setting in a timely, community‐acceptable manner.
The political dynamics of voter retrospection and disaster responses
Authors: Rubin Olivier
Published: June 2019

Natural hazards not only have socioeconomic ramifications, they also have political repercussions. This paper takes stock of the fast‐growing area of research linking disasters triggered by natural hazards to voting behaviour. It is based on the central tenet of voter retrospection: voters place emphasis on past events when making their selection. The study uncovers a great disparity in analysis of electoral outcomes in the wake of disasters, part of which can be explained by the different methodological choices of authors. However, the unpredictability of voting behaviour in the aftermath of disasters also points to the relevance of introducing an intermediate variable when elucidating voter movements. This variable should capture the prevailing political discourses that surround disasters, as these are likely to shape the dynamics of voter retrospection. The paper demonstrates the analytical relevance of such political discourses by contrasting political dynamics in Denmark and Sweden following the Indian Ocean tsunami on 26 December 2004.
Cash transfers' effect on government support: the case of Fiji
Authors: Rios Viridiana , Ivaschenko Oleksiy , Doyle Jesse
Published: June 2019

While some scholars have found that government post‐disaster assistance supports the incumbent, others have shown that incumbent effects among beneficiaries are imperceptible or negative. This article contributes to this debate by using a regression discontinuity design of households affected by Tropical Cyclone Winston in Fiji to show that the type of assistance provided is an important variable in understanding the effects of aid on perceptions of the government. Residents of Fiji who received a post‐disaster cash transfer are up to 20 per cent more likely to be very satisfied with the government than are those who did not. The probability further increases if the cash transfer was provided along with in‐kind benefits or vouchers, but it is not affected if beneficiaries were also encouraged to use their own pension savings. This paper provides evidence in favour of the ‘attentive citizen’ theory by demonstrating that beneficiaries actively appraise government responses; it also reveals possible effects of elite capture on the relationship between the government and beneficiaries.
Upfront bortezomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone compared to bortezomib, cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone in multiple myeloma
Authors: Uttervall Katarina , Borg Bruchfeld Johanna , Gran Charlotte , Wålinder Göran , Månsson Robert , Lund Johan , Gahrton Gösta , Alici Evren , Nahi Hareth
Published: June 2019

Objectives

At our center, patients with multiple myeloma (MM) were treated upfront with bortezomib, cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone (VCD) until cyclophosphamide was replaced with lenalidomide in the combination (VRD). These treatments have never been compared head‐to‐head in large real‐life patient material.

Method

A retrospective analysis of patients treated with VRD and VCD in the first line, both with and without subsequent high‐dose treatment (HDT) and autologous stem cell transplantation. A total of 681 patients were included, 117 receiving VRD (71 with, 46 without HDT) and 564 receiving VCD (351 with, 213 without HDT).

Results

Overall response rate (≥partial response) was higher with VRD compared to VCD in the entire VRD group (98% vs 88%, P < 0.001) and in the non‐HDT group (98% vs 79%, P < 0.001). Progression‐free survival (PFS) at 18 months was longer with VRD compared to VCD in the entire VRD group, the non‐HDT group and the HDT group (88% vs 63%, 82% vs 32% and 91% vs 73%, respectively). Overall survival at 18 months was better for VRD‐treated patients in the entire VRD group (95% vs 89%, P = 0.048).

Conclusion

Upfront VRD gives better responses and longer PFS compared to VCD in MM patients with or without subsequent HDT.
Expert system for problem solving in distance university education: The successful case of the subject “operations management”
Authors: de la Peña Esteban F. David , Lara Torralbo Juan A. , Lizcano Casas David , Martínez Rey María A.
Published: June 2019

Acquiring the skills needed to solve certain types of problems is one of the main challenges of distance university education, demanding extra motivation from students to tackle it. New technology should be one of our great allies in addressing these problems. This article proposes an expert system with a web‐based problem‐solving simulator for a multidevice environment in order to allow students to access an unlimited number of problems with their corresponding solutions, immediately, anytime and anywhere. The types of problems that can be used are those based on quantitative methods with a fixed methodology to be followed. A successful case study was carried out for the subject Operations Management at the Distance University of Madrid (UDIMA), with three different problem simulators having been developed. The results were very satisfactory compared with previous academic years in terms of motivation. A decrease in students that did not sit the final examination was observed, as was an increase in the number of visits to the Moodle classroom. Students also responded positively in their assessments of the initiative.
Stem/progenitor cell‐mediated pulpal tissue regeneration: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Fawzy El‐Sayed K. M. , Ahmed G. M. , Abouauf E. A. , Schwendicke F.
Published: June 2019

Background

Stem/progenitor cell‐mediated pulpal regeneration could represent a promising therapeutic alternative in the field of clinical endodontics.

Aim

The present study aimed to systematically assess and meta‐analyse dental pulpal tissue regeneration, pulpal vitality and apical healing after the transplantation of stem/progenitor cells versus no transplantation.

Data sources

MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL and EMBASE were searched up to January 2019 for animal experiments and human trials evaluating the pulpal transplantation of stem/progenitor cells. Cross‐referencing and hand search were additionally performed.

Study eligibility criteria, participants and interventions

Based on randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) or controlled clinical trials (CCTs), conducted in animals or humans, the effect of the transplantation of stem/progenitor cells compared to no transplantation on pulpal tissue regeneration, pulpal vitality and apical healing was examined.

Study appraisal and synthesis methods

The primary outcome was histologically determined pulpal tissue regeneration, whilst pulpal vitality and apical healing were secondary outcomes. The SYstematic Review Centre for Laboratory animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) guidelines and the revised Cochrane risk of bias tool (RoB 2.0) were used for risk‐of‐bias assessment. Pooled standardized differences in means (SDM) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated using random‐effects meta‐analyses.

Results

From 2834 identified articles, eight animal experiments (82 animals with 336 experimental pulpal defects) and one human trial (40 humans with 40 pulpal defects) were included. Risk of bias of most animal studies was high, whilst the human trial revealed ‘some concerns’. Stem/progenitor cell‐transplanted pulps demonstrated significantly increased pulpal tissue regeneration compared with controls (SDM [95%CI]: 6.29 [3.78–8.80]).

Limitations

Data on pulpal vitality and apical healing were sparse and inconsistent. Heterogeneity across studies was substantial, publication bias was present, and mainly indirect, surrogate outcome measures were applied. The overall strength of evidence was very low.

Conclusions and implications of key findings

The transplanation of stem/progenitor cells shows promise for pulp regeneration, whilst clinical routine application is still not in reach. Further investigations, employing a comprehensive set of outcomes including those demonstrating functional pulp regeneration relevant for patient‐centred care, are required.