bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Big and Little Feet Provincial Profiles: Manitoba
Authors: Dobson Sarah , Fellows G. Kent
Published: September 2024

This communiqué provides a summary of the production- and consumption-based greenhouse gas emissions accounts for Manitoba, as well as their associated trade flows. It is part of a series of communiqués profiling the Canadian provinces and territories.1 In simplest terms, a production-based emissions account measures the quantity of greenhouse gas emissions produced in Manitoba. In contrast, a consumption-based emissions account measures the quantity of greenhouse gas emissions generated during the production process for final goods and services that are consumed in Manitoba through household purchases, investment by firms and government spending. Trade flows refer to the movement of emissions that are produced in Manitoba but which support consumption in a different province, territory or country (and vice versa). For example, emissions associated with the production of Manitoba crops that are exported to Ontario for processing and sale in an Ontario grocery store are recorded as a trade flow from Manitoba to Ontario. Moving in the opposite direction, emissions associated with the production of motor gasoline in Alberta that is exported to Manitoba for sale are recorded as a trade flow from Alberta to Manitoba. For further details on these results in a national context, the methodology for generating them and their policy implications, please see the companion papers to this communiqué series: (1) Fellows and Dobson (2017); and (2) Dobson and Fellows (2017). Additionally, the consumption emissions and trade flow data for each of the provinces and territories are available at: http://www.policyschool.ca/embodied-emissions-inputs-outputs-datatables-2004-2011/.
Big and Little Feet Provincial Profiles: New Brunswick
Authors: Dobson Sarah , Fellows G. Kent
Published: September 2024

This communiqué provides a summary of the production- and consumption-based greenhouse gas emissions accounts for New Brunswick, as well as their associated trade flows. It is part of a series of communiqués profiling the Canadian provinces and territories.1 In simplest terms, a production-based emissions account measures the quantity of greenhouse gas emissions produced in New Brunswick. In contrast, a consumptionbased emissions account measures the quantity of greenhouse gas emissions generated during the production process for final goods and services that are consumed in New Brunswick through household purchases, investment by firms and government spending. Trade flows refer to the movement of emissions that are produced in New Brunswick but which support consumption in a different province, territory or country (and vice versa). For example, emissions associated with the production of motor gasoline in New Brunswick that is exported to Quebec for sale are recorded as a trade flow from New Brunswick to Quebec. Moving in the opposite direction, emissions associated with the production of Nova Scotia natural gas that is sold to a New Brunswick utility and used to generate electricity for New Brunswick homes are recorded as a trade flow from Nova Scotia to New Brunswick. For further details on these results in a national context, the methodology for generating them and their policy implications, please see the companion papers to this communiqué series: (1) Fellows and Dobson (2017); and (2) Dobson and Fellows (2017). Additionally, the consumption emissions and trade flow data for each of the provinces and territories are available at: http://www.policyschool.ca/embodied-emissions-inputs-outputs-datatables-2004-2011/.
Big and Little Feet Provincial Profiles: Nova Scotia
Authors: Dobson Sarah , Fellows G. Kent
Published: September 2024

This communiqué provides a summary of the production- and consumption-based greenhouse gas emissions accounts for Nova Scotia, as well as their associated trade flows. It is part of a series of communiqués profiling the Canadian provinces and territories.1 In simplest terms, a production-based emissions account measures the quantity of greenhouse gas emissions produced in Nova Scotia. In contrast, a consumption-based emissions account measures the quantity of greenhouse gas emissions generated during the production process for final goods and services that are consumed in Nova Scotia through household purchases, investment by firms and government spending. Trade flows refer to the movement of emissions that are produced in Nova Scotia but which support consumption in a different province, territory or country (and vice versa). For example, emissions at the Port of Halifax that are associated with goods that are subsequently exported to Ontario for sale are recorded as a trade flow from Nova Scotia to Ontario. Moving in the opposite direction, emissions associated with the production of motor gasoline in New Brunswick that is exported to Nova Scotia for sale are recorded as a trade flow from New Brunswick to Nova Scotia. For further details on these results in a national context, the methodology for generating them and their policy implications, please see the companion papers to this communiqué series: (1) Fellows and Dobson (2017); and (2) Dobson and Fellows (2017). Additionally, the consumption emissions and trade flow data for each of the provinces and territories are available at: http://www.policyschool.ca/embodied-emissions-inputs-outputs-datatables-2004-2011/.
Big and Little Feet Provincial Profiles: Newfoundland and Labrador
Authors: Dobson Sarah , Fellows G. Kent
Published: September 2024

This communiqué provides a summary of the production- and consumption-based greenhouse gas emissions accounts for Newfoundland and Labrador, as well as their associated trade flows. It is part of a series of communiqués profiling the Canadian provinces and territories.1 In simplest terms, a production-based emissions account measures the quantity of greenhouse gas emissions produced in Newfoundland and Labrador. In contrast, a consumption-based emissions account measures the quantity of greenhouse gas emissions generated during the production process for final goods and services that are consumed in Newfoundland and Labrador through household purchases, investment by firms and government spending. Trade flows refer to the movement of emissions that are produced in Newfoundland and Labrador but which support consumption in a different province, territory or country (and vice versa). For example, emissions associated with the production of Newfoundland and Labrador crude oil that is exported to New Brunswick for refining and sale as motor gasoline are recorded as a trade flow from Newfoundland and Labrador to New Brunswick. Moving in the opposite direction, emissions associated with the production of a Quebec manufactured good that is exported to Newfoundland and Labrador for sale are recorded as a trade flow from Quebec to Newfoundland and Labrador. For further details on these results in a national context, the methodology for generating them and their policy implications, please see the companion papers to this communiqué series: (1) Fellows and Dobson (2017); and (2) Dobson and Fellows (2017). Additionally, the consumption emissions and trade flow data for each of the provinces and territories are available at: http://www.policyschool.ca/embodied-emissions-inputs-outputs-datatables-2004-2011/.
Business Cases for Major Public Infrastructure Projects in Canada
Authors: Iacobacci Mario
Published: September 2024

When governments announce that they are going to spend vast sums of taxpayers’ money on a new public infrastructure project, you can be certain they will praise all the terrific new benefits that the project will bring to citizens, making everyone’s life easier, safer, greener and better. But this does not tell us whether we are better off as a society, after accounting for the cost of these projects borne by taxpayers today and well into the future. In reality, there is a meaningful risk that a project undertaken without a proper business case could end up making citizens’ lives worse. That new commuter train might look sleek and shiny and seem convenient for some, but a close business case analysis of recent transit projects in Canada’s three largest cities suggests that in as many as four cases out of 21 projects, the burden of paying for the projects does not justify the public investment. In a review of thirteen recent public transit projects in the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area (GTHA), at least three projects had benefits that fell short of the costs. Yet, all three projects went ahead (or have been funded). Only one project showed large net benefits for citizens once all considerations were accounted for. Three projects showed small net benefits – of a size that can be easily offset by a modest cost over-run. The six remaining projects did not have any publicly available business cases. In the Greater Montreal area, a review of three recent major transit projects turned up no evidence of a publicly available business case for any of them. As a result, Montrealers are in the dark as to how much benefit or value destruction the three projects are responsible for. Things are far more encouraging in Vancouver, however, where three out of the five major transit projects undertaken or funded in recent years were backed by business cases showing a net benefit. Only one project did not show a net benefit and one project did not have a business case. Of course, business cases only make projections about net benefits. Rarely, if ever, do governments undertake an ex post review to determine whether their estimates were correct and if the project has delivered — or destroyed — the value expected. Given that these projects can run into the billions of dollars, tie up immense amounts of government resources, and can cause any number of disruptions to business and families, it is remarkable how little cost-benefit scrutiny is brought to bear on them. Without these ex post business cases, there can be no lessons learned from past projects. There can be no assurance that we can make better investment decisions going forward.
Indigenous Policy Conference Summary Report: Beyond Reconciliation
Authors: Lorefice Sophie , Boyd Brendan , Caron Gaétan
Published: September 2024

The School of Public Policy (SPP) at the University of Calgary organized a conference to announce the establishment of its Indigenous Policy program and to share knowledge and stories about policy issues critical to Indigenous Peoples in Canada. The conference, titled “Beyond Reconciliation,” was held at the University of Calgary Downtown Campus on Nov. 21, 2016 and was attended by 73 participants. This included Indigenous elders, chiefs and leaders, and members of Indigenous organizations, including a women’s group. Also included were members of universities and academic institutions, including students; industry representatives from the oil and gas, pipeline, forestry, electricity, legal and financial sectors; as well as representatives from government and regulatory agencies. The purpose of the conference was established with the following abstract, which was circulated to speakers and participants: The School of Public Policy is establishing a new Indigenous Policy program in order to produce widely disseminated research and engage in outreach that covers an array of policy areas, such as health, education, self-government, and natural resource development. The program will directly engage Indigenous communities in the search for original, long-term, and evidence-based solutions, as part of an effort to improve our national capacity in problem-solving and policy development. The conference will provide a platform to launch the program, showcasing preliminary research and providing a venue for discussion of policy solutions. The conference included three moderated panel sessions and a keynote speaker.1 The first panel considered business and entrepreneurship in Indigenous communities; the second panel showcased case studies that are examining the experiences of Indigenous communities with natural resource development projects, and particularly their experiences with consultation and engagement. The final panel focused on ways of improving the consultation and engagement process with Indigenous communities. This report summarizes both the presentations and the major themes explored at the conference. The purpose is to capture the ideas and debates emerging from the conference, and provide an overview of the day for interested policy-makers and the public. The report begins with an outline of the agenda, before summarizing each of the panel sessions and the keynote speaker’s presentation. The concluding section provides a discussion of the key themes emerging from the conference and next steps for policy-makers and researchers. Three students enrolled in the SPP’s Master of Public Policy program took detailed notes throughout the day. The authors thank them for their thoroughness. The student notes and the authors’ notes were used to inform this report.
Social Policy Trends – Stock of Apartment Rental Units in Four Major Metropolitan Areas
Authors: Wilkins Margarita (Gres)
Published: September 2024

STOCK OF APARTMENT RENTAL UNITS IN FOUR MAJOR METROPOLITAN AREAS Number of apartment rental units per 1,000 people in each of the four major Canadian cities from 1990 to 2016 People with low incomes rely on municipalities to maintain an adequate number of rental units. Low stocks of rental units are generally associated with higher rental prices, and therefore, lower housing affordability. In today’s issue of Social Policy Trends we take a look at the stock of apartment rental units in Canada’s four largest cities over the period of 1990 to 2016.
Social Policy Trends- Housing Affordability for Families with Low Incomes Across Canada
Authors: Wilkins Margarita (Gres)
Published: September 2024

HOUSING AFFORDABILITY FOR FAMILIES WITH LOW INCOMES ACROSS CANADA Percentage of income devoted to paying lowest-priced rent in a city, by low-income family type, select years, 1990-2015 Much public attention has been directed towards the issue of a Canada-wide housing crisis. The focus has typically been on the cost of housing for an average income Canadian family. Less attention has been paid to families with incomes much lower than those of the average Canadian household, for which the housing crisis is far more severe. Households and individuals with particularly low incomes are at the highest risk of experiencing the worst effects of a lack of housing affordability, including homelessness.
Social Policy Trends: Emergency Shelter Stays, Calgary, 2008-2017
Authors: Wilkins Margarita (Gres) , Kneebone Ronald D.
Published: September 2024

EMERGENCY SHELTER STAYS, CALGARY, 2008-2017 Number of stays in emergency homeless shelters provided for single adults: Total, and the number of stays as a percentage of Calgary’s adult population In 2008, Calgary embarked on a 10-year plan to address homelessness. The chart provides measures of the progress made in that regard. The jagged black line records the nightly number of stays in those of Calgary’s emergency shelters allocated for single adults from January 1, 2008 to May 31, 2017. (By far the greatest number of shelter stays are those by single persons. Not shown are stays in shelters that are provided for families.) There is a large variation in the number of shelter stays within any specific year, reflecting seasonal and other influences on shelter use. Importantly, the maximum number of stays observed in a given year is trending downward as shown by the solid blue line. The maximum number of adult shelter beds used in a year has fallen by 31% since 2009.
Tax Policy Trends: Small Business Tax Cut not Enough – U.S. Tax Reforms will make U.S. more Attractive for Start-Ups
Authors: Mintz Jack M. , Venkatachalam V. Balaji
Published: September 2024

SMALL BUSINESS TAX CUT NOT ENOUGH U.S. TAX REFORMS WILL MAKE U.S. MORE ATTRACTIVE FOR START-UPS Big businesses start small. With the proposed Republican tax reform announced on September 28th, small business taxes will be dropped sharply making it attractive for start-up companies to locate and grow in the U.S. This is in sharp contrast to the recent debate in Canada whereby small businesses will be taxed more heavily under the recent proposals despite a further reduction in the small business tax rate.
An International Comparison of Tax Assistance for R&D: 2017 Update and Extension to Patent Boxes
Authors: Lester John , Warda Jacek
Published: September 2024

Business investment in research and development (R&D) is widely recognized as providing benefits to the broader economy that exceed the benefits to the firms that perform the R&D. As a result of this externality or spillover, most governments provide support for R&D in order to encourage more of it. In 2017, 29 of the 35 members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) provided tax incentives for spending on R&D. That’s up slightly since 2014, when we last prepared an international comparison of tax assistance for R&D. On the other hand, average support levels edged down from 2014 to 2017. In addition to these expenditure-based measures, 15 OECD countries provide preferential tax treatment for the income generated by commercializing R&D and other innovative activities. These income-based measures are often described as patent boxes, since they first applied to income realized from patented products and processes. In most cases, the qualifying patents did not have to be based on R&D performed in the country offering the incentive, so patent boxes were criticized for creating an incentive to shift taxable income without encouraging additional R&D. Recently, however, most countries have accepted the OECD recommendation that both the R&D and the income from its commercialization must be located in the same jurisdiction before an income-based incentive can be provided. With this linkage, income-based incentives can be a useful policy tool, particularly for large firms. Income- and expenditure-based incentives are likely to have similar impacts on the amount of R&D undertaken by large firms, but income-based measures have the advantage of providing a greater incentive to commercialize R&D in the implementing jurisdiction. They also blunt the incentive to shift the taxable income generated by commercializing R&D to lower-tax jurisdictions. However, smaller firms, who are more likely to be cashflow constrained, will respond less strongly to income-based measures since the subsidy is available with a delay. Further, small firms have limited opportunities to shift taxable income across international borders. Should the federal government implement an income-based tax incentive for R&D performed by large firms? A key consideration is what happens to tax revenue on income from commercialization of R&D. If a lower tax rate results in higher revenue as a result of tax base shifting effects, income-based measures have a clear advantage over their expenditure-based counterparts. Some competing jurisdictions have very low corporate income tax rates, so feasible reductions in federal tax rates may not generate tax base shifting effects large enough to make the policy a success. More information on how multi-national enterprises shift intellectual-property income out of Canada is required before proceeding with income-based tax incentives for R&D.
Fiscal Policy Trends: The Path to Balance or the Road to Ruin?
Authors: Dahlby Bev
Published: September 2024

The NDP government’s plan to balance the provincial budget by 2023-24 is based on drastically cutting capital spending and on optimistic revenue projections. In order to show that these are the key elements of the “Path to Balance”, we need to know how interest payments on debt, total operating expenditures, and the cash deficits will evolve under the government’s plan, but these key fiscal variables are not reported in the budget documents.
Fiscal Policy Trends: Who will pay the interest on Alberta’s public debt?
Authors: Bazel Philip , Crisan Daria , Dahlby Bev
Published: September 2024

William Lyon Mackenzie King, Canada’s 10th Prime Minister, used to say “Today’s promises are tomorrow’s taxes”. A more up-to-date version would be “Today’s deficits are tomorrow’s taxes.” Alberta’s governments began running deficits in 2008-09 and the NDP government only plans to balance the provincial budget in five years’ time. By then, Alberta’s public debt will have risen to about $90 billion with annual interest payments of $3.8 billion in 2023-24.1 Who will pay the taxes to pay the interest on Alberta’s public debt? — Future taxpayers.
The NAFTA Negotiations — and Canada’s Priority Watch List Designation: It’s all about the Leverage
Authors: Stephens Hugh
Published: September 2024

Negotiating tactics can often appear harsh, but when the United States Trade Representative (USTR) placed Canada on its Priority Watch List (PWL), the move went beyond the standard give-and-take of renegotiating the North American Free Trade Agreement. Canada – a nation that believes in the rule of law – joins China, Algeria, Kuwait and Venezuela, to name just a few, on the PWL list for its alleged “worst” record in intellectual property standards. Granted, Canada has room for improvement in this area, but for the USTR’s annual Special 301 report to place it on the PWL is hardly credible. It is no coincidence that Canada, the only G7 country—and virtually the only western country-- to make either the PWL and the USTR’s lesser Watch List (WL), is also in the midst of renegotiating NAFTA with the United States and Mexico. The 301 process has always been political to some degree, but using it as a negotiating hammer with which to hit Canada over the head risks devaluing its importance in identifying genuine shortcomings in the IP realm that affect U.S. and Canadian businesses. The report is on target in identifying several IP areas requiring more rigorous attention from Canada, including counterfeit goods in transit and copyright issues. However, the U.S. is also unhappy with changes to Canadian pharmaceutical patent regulations and protectionist matters arising from the Canada-EU Trade Agreement that have to do with European geographical indications. Still, although Canada is not alone in the latter area, no European country is on the WL. Ironically, the U.S. Chamber of Commerce’s own ranking of 50 world economies on their IP standards shows that Canada improved in four out of six categories, coming in 18th among the 50. Venezuela, with whom Canada shares the notoriety of being on the PWL, was 50th out of 50. Clearly, Canada’s new ranking does not reflect reality and is a blatant negotiating tool, but the USTR appears less interested in the collateral damage it may cause as long as the U.S. can get the concessions it wants at the table. This is a game that two can play, however, and Canada’s turn at hardball may come if the U.S. decides one day that it wants to rejoin the latest incarnation of the Trans-Pacific Partnership, from which it so hastily withdrew when Donald Trump was elected president.
Fiscal Policy Trends: The Long-Term Consequences of Fiscal Responses to Resource Revenue Fluctuations
Authors: Ferede Ergete
Published: September 2024

Over the last half-century, the Alberta government has been heavily reliant on non-renewable resource revenues, which have averaged about 30 per cent of the provincial government’s total revenue. This reliance poses a fiscal challenge as resource revenues are volatile and uncertain due to the vagaries of global energy price shocks, pipeline disruptions and other events such as the federal government’s National Energy Program. This commentary shows that the Alberta government’s budgetary responses to fluctuations in resource revenues have had long-term deleterious consequences for the province’s fiscal health.
A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme (PTP) on Standard Precautions among Final Year B.sc Nursing Students at Selected Nursing College, Bangalore, Karnataka
Authors: Naik Akhil , M Keshava Reddy , Kademani Pramod V , Monika Monika
Published: September 2024

Background: Nursing students are at risk of acquiring and transmitting infectious diseases. The nursing students are expected to have sufficient knowledge and compliance with standard precautions to enable preventing and controlling Hospital acquired infections. Aim: The aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a planned teaching program on standard precautions among nursing students. Methodology: Quantitative approach with one group Pre-test and Post-test Research Design was used for the study. The Sample Consist of 30 final Year B.sc Nursing Students and Non probability purposive sampling technique was used for this study. Study conducted in selected Nursing College of Bangalore. The data was gathered through Structured Knowledge Questionnaire on standard precaution. Results: Post-test Mean percentage knowledge score (Mean percentage =76.08 and SE = 0.38) was found higher than Pre-test Mean percentage knowledge score (Mean percentage = 57.06 and SE = 0.48). Enhancement of Mean Percentage was 19.1 %. Conclusion: The study found that the planned teaching program was effective in enhancing standard precautions compliance among nursingstudents. The Knowledge on standard precaution among the nursing students was high. A continuous effort to improve adherence to standard precautions in nursing students is necessary to protect and prevent hospital acquired infection. Key Words: Standard precautions, Nursing students, plannedteaching program, Infection control, Hospital acquired infections.
From Crisis to Conservation: Enhancing India’s Wetland Ecosystems
Authors: Mahamuni Rahul
Published: September 2024

India’s wetlands, crucial for biodiversity and environmental stability, are currently in a state of crisis due to rapid urbanization, pollution, and climate change. This paper investigates the urgent need for conservation and presents a roadmap for enhancing wetland ecosystems across the country. We analyze the main factors contributing to the degradation of wetlands, including habitat loss, water contamination, and climate-induced alterations. By reviewing successful case studies and conservation strategies, we propose a multi-faceted approach that includes regulatory reforms, community involvement, and innovative restoration techniques. Our findings emphasize the importance of collaborative efforts and integrated management to transition from a state of crisis to effective conservation. The aim is to restore ecological balance and ensure the sustainable future of India’s wetlands. Keywords: Wetland Conservation, Ecosystem Restoration, Environmental Management, Climate Change, Community Engagement
Legal Arrangements Regarding Dispute Resolution Through Mediation In Civil Cases
Authors: Sri Anggraini Kusuma Dewi
Published: September 2024

Settlement of land disputes can be done through mediation or a peace process, meaning that the parties to the dispute submit the resolution to a mediator to achieve a fair final result, without wasting huge costs. The requirement to carry out mediation applies to court case processes, both in general and religious courts. One of the provisions of article 2 of the Supreme Court Regulation Number 1 of 2016 concerning Mediation Procedures in Court is that the provisions that must not be ignored are that the decision is null and void if the mediation procedure is not carried out based on the Republic of Indonesia Supreme Court Regulation Number 1 of 2016 concerning Mediation Procedures in Court. Article 3 (2) of the Republic of Indonesia Supreme Court Regulations states that the Case Examining Judge in considering the decision must state that efforts have been made to reconcile the case through mediation by naming the mediator. This article will review mediation in civil cases. The implementation of the Republic of Indonesia Supreme Court Regulation Number 1 of 2016 concerning Mediation Procedures in Court, which can be the main option in resolving civil cases so as to reduce the buildup of the number of civil cases in court and be more profitable.
The Role of Correction Guardians In The Development of Private In Class I Surabaya Criminal Institutions
Authors: Agung Wibowo Darmawan  , Priambodo Adi Wibowo  , Asep Heri
Published: September 2024

Sanctions for criminal acts committed. The role of correctional guardians is needed in the process of fostering Correctional Families who are the target of coaching carried out in Correctional Institutions. This research is a qualitative research with a descriptive approach that aims to describe the role of correctional guardians in fostering correctional inmates in Class I Lapas Surabaya. Data collection techniques are carried out by means of observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis techniques begin with data collection, data reduction, data triangulation, data presentation and drawing conclusions and verification. The results of this study indicate that the coaching process at Class I Lapas Surabaya is running effectively according to the goals of correctional through the role of correctional guardians as facilitators, communicators, and motivators. Efforts that need to be maximized in coaching require psychologists or special social workers as correctional guardians.
Debt Settlement Strategy: Concurrent Creditor Rights And Debtor Asset Security
Authors: Agung Wijayanto  , Sunny Ummul Firdaus  , Heri Hartanto
Published: September 2024

This research analyzes debt settlement strategies in fulfilling the rights of concurrent creditors to the debtor's assets used as debt collateral, considering Aristotle's concept of proportional justice. Through a normative juridical approach, this research explores applicable laws and regulations, case studies, and related literature to understand the dispute resolution mechanism between concurrent creditors and preferred creditors. The results show that the main challenge in achieving proportional justice for concurrent creditors arises when the debtor's assets are insufficient to fulfill all debt obligations. Some debt settlement strategies identified include debt restructuring, rescheduling payments, and mediation or arbitration mechanisms. Discussion of the research results highlighted the importance of legal protection for concurrent creditors in debt settlement, which aligns with Aristotle's concept of proportional justice. Policy recommendations include the expansion of the court's authority to handle cases involving conflicting creditor rights. This research is expected to contribute to the development of fairer and more effective policies for concurrent creditors and provide practical guidance for legal practitioners in handling cases involving debtor asset collateral.
HUMAN CAPITAL MANAGEMENT IN KHABAROVSK KRAI
Authors: Volkova Nina
Published: September 2024

The article presents the results of a study aimed at identifying the state of human capital in the Khabarovsk Territory. This huge region with developed industry and low population density is of strategic importance for the Russian Federation. And the future of the region and the security of the eastern borders of the country depend on the state of human capital and how effectively it is managed. Thus, the purpose of the study was to develop recommendations for the development of human capital in the Khabarovsk Territory. To achieve this, an assessment was made of the quality of human capital in the region based on the calculation of the human development index proposed by the United Nations. The results indicate that despite the high levels of education and income of the population, the human development index is lower than the national average (0.803 versus 0.821 in 2022). The reason for this was the low age of mortality of the population, associated with the insufficient effectiveness of diagnosis and prevention systems for early stage diseases. Another alarming fact was the constant outflow of young people with a high level of education to the western regions of Russia. Based on the obtained results, recommendations were developed to overcome existing problems and directions for the development of human capital in the region were proposed, aimed at increasing the efficiency of diagnostics and disease prevention systems at early stages, creating conditions for attracting and retaining talented specialists in the region. In the course of the work, such scientific research methods as statistical data analysis, interviews with experts and literature analysis were used.
Tackling judicial bribery and procurement fraud in Nigeria: How harnessing public disapproval can enable collective action against corruption
Authors: Hoffmann Leena Koni
Published: September 2024

Nigeria’s corruption challenges are central to the country’s struggles with insecurity, inequality and inadequate provision of public goods and services. Tackling corrupt activities is made more difficult by their interdependence. The misappropriation of public funds in procurement and contracting processes, which continues to erode Nigeria’s already limited public spending capacity, is further enabled by a weak and compromised judicial system. While Nigeria has taken some steps to reform its judiciary and procurement sector, efforts have focused primarily on establishing legislative structures and formal rules. Further consideration needs to be given to informal social dynamics that may enable and perpetuate corruption. This research paper explores the results of the third national household survey conducted under the Chatham House Africa Programme’s Social Norms and Accountable Governance (SNAG) project. For this survey, citizens across Nigeria were asked about their beliefs concerning judicial and procurement corruption. A large majority of survey respondents considered judicial bribery, contract inflation and the misappropriation of public funds by private contractors to be unacceptable, but also saw them as both common and commonly accepted. Respondents often underestimated the extent to which others in their community disapproved of such practices. These insights suggest that there are openings for collective action against corruption in Nigeria’s procurement sector and judiciary. The survey findings also highlight that Nigerians have faith in the ability of anti-corruption institutions to take steps towards accountability. The paper offers a series of recommendations aimed at promoting sensitive and context-specific anti-corruption interventions, and encouraging community mobilization against corrupt behaviours.
PENINGKATAN PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA SLB NEGERI KOTA LANGSA MELALUI APLIKASI SELF PRO
Authors: Desi Sinamo Yemima , Evanita Lubis Dian , Chairiyah Jambak Maulidina , Ayu Lestari Putri , Arico Zulfan
Published: September 2024

Sekolah Luar Biasa (SLB) Negeri Kota Langsa merupakan salah satu SLB yang berada di Kota Langsa. SLB Negeri Langsa memiliki jumlah siswa sebanyak 244 orang, dengan 64 orang cacat fisik, 34 orang tunanetra, 53 orang tunarungu, 64 orang gangguan mental jiwa, dan 29 orang gangguan mental fisik. SLB Negeri Kota Langsa memiliki permasalahan yaitu kurangnya minat belajar siswa dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar, pada tahun 2023 siswa cenderung merasa bosan dan tidak fokus dalam proses menerima ilmu dari guru. Berdasarkan asesmen kebutuhan dari hasil wawancara dengan guru dibutuhkan pemahaman akan pentingnya memahami teknologi digitalisasi dalam proses pembelajaran khususnya melalui pendampingan yang mengetahui konsep dan perkembangan anak-anak berkebutuhan khusus. Berdasarkan 10 indikator ketercapaian target luaran, Kegiatan PKM-PM sudah mencapai 99 %. Kegiatan yang belum dicapai sepenuhnya adalah laporan akhir yang masih dalam proses pengerjaan sebesar 10 %. Dari hasil kegiatan PKM-PM yang berjudul “SELF PRO: Aplikasi Self Improvement Bagi Pelajar SLB Langsa Dalam Meningkatkan Prestasi belajar”, terdapat peningkatan hasil yang berdampak pada Pendidikan siswa dan guru. Hasil ini dapat dilihat dari nilai pre test dan pos test para siswa. Besarnya nilai pemahaman aplikasi Self Pro dikarena penggunaan aplikasi yang sangat mudah dan tidak membutuhkan sambungan internet.
Does Education Influence Housing Choices in Areas with Basic Sanitation?
Authors: Loureiro Paulo R. A. , Mendonça Mario J. C. , Constantino Michel , Moreira Tito B. S. , Albuquerque Joaquim Ramalho de , Cunha George H. M.
Published: September 2024

This article endeavors to explore and analyze the relationship between individuals’ education levels and their housing decisions, with a particular focus on the choice of residences served by basic sanitation networks. The study employs a multinomial logit model using data from the 2019 PNAD continua survey. A household in which the individual has achieved postgraduate education is 15.268 times more likely to utilize garbage collection coverage compared to a household where the head has only attained primary education level and where garbage is discarded in vacant lots or public thoroughfares. Regarding the processes of direct and indirect collection, an additional year of education results in approximately a 20% increase in the relative probability of a person relocating from their dwelling where residents dispose of their family’s garbage in rivers and/or seas to another residence where this does not occur due to the availability of direct collection services.
Reseña de Missé y Parra (2023). Adolescentes en Transición: Pensar la Experiencia de Género en Tiempos de Incertidumbre
Authors: Ancín-Nicolás Ruth A.
Published: September 2024

El presente trabajo se trata de una reseña del libro "Adolescentes en transición. Pensar la experiencia de género en tiempos de incertidumbre" de Miquel Missé y Noemí Parra. La presente reseña pretende poner en valor el trabajo de los autores para repensar la experiencia del género desde una perspectiva amplia que aborda tanto a la adolescencia trans como a la adolescencia cis. Asimismo, pretenden vislumbrar los pros y contras del modelo barcelonés para el tratamiento hormonal de las personas trans. Se trata de una obra de gran valor académico y profesional que permite comprender mejor a la adolescencia trans.
Self-Efficacy and Perceived Self-Efficacy as Predictors of Medication Adherence in Patients with Mental Disorders: A Literature Review
Authors:   R.N., Aiginiteio Hospital, A Psychiatric Clinic, University of Athens, Greece, Velentza Olga , Topi Maria ,   R.N., Aiginiteio Hospital, A Psychiatric Clinic, University of Athens, Greece, Zyga Sophia ,   Professor, Nursing Department, University of Peloponnese, Greece, Tzavella Foteini ,   Assistant Professor, Nursing Department, University of Peloponnese, Greece, Panagiotou Aspasia ,   Assistant Professor, Nursing Department, University of Peloponnese, Greece
Published: September 2024

Compliance to treatment is an essential health behavior in chronic ill patients. Self-efficacy refers to a person's belief or beliefs about their ability to successfully perform the required behavior to produce specific outcomes. The purpose of this paper was to investigate through the literature review whether self-efficacy and perceived self-efficacy contribute to medication adherence in people with mental disorders. A systematic review of the literature in the electronic databases, google scholar, pubmed and Scopus was carried out. Studies and articles in Greek and English were studied and selected, on the topic of self-efficacy as a predictive factor in medication compliance of mental patients. The literature review showed that studies on the degree of compliance of mentally ill patients and perceived self-efficacy are significantly associated with both treatment adherence and compliance as well as self-management. The findings also show that self-efficacy, quality of life and social functionality of patients with mental disorders are important self-factors that influence the degree of medication compliance. Our research confirms that self-efficacy is a strong predictor of medication adherence, as well as self-management. The positive correlation with compliance holds for all types of self-efficacy.
Prenatal Exposure to Drugs and Alcohol: A Case Report on Effects on Fetal Development and Postnatal Life
Authors:   Schaffhausen hospital, Switzerland, Mohammadimoshganbar Dr. Ali
Published: September 2024

Background: Exposure to addictive substances such as heroin and alcohol, as well as the misuse of amphetamines during pregnancy, not only poses serious physical and psychological risks to the mothers but also exposes their unborn children to severe and irreversible dangers. This article examines the impact of fetal exposure to heroin and alcohol. It is evident that mothers who experience addiction during pregnancy face feelings of guilt, helplessness, and shame after birth, which can hinder them from seeking help for their addiction. When a fetus is exposed to heroin and alcohol, at least two major ways can cause harm. First, the destructive effects of addictive substances on the placenta, which connects the mother and fetus. Second, addictive substances like heroin and alcohol, which can cross the placenta, directly impact the fetus. Infants born to mothers addicted to heroin and alcohol face physical risks such as premature birth and its consequences, abnormalities known as FASD (Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders), NAS (Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome), and ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder). They also suffer from emotional, behavioral, and psychological issues post-birth, including anxiety, depression, aggression, emotional regulation problems, and difficulties with trust and intimacy with others.(1,2) Case presentation: In this article, we examine a 47-year-old male patient whose mother was addicted to heroin and alcohol during pregnancy. The patient, who was born prematurely, has faced various psychological and emotional disorders. He suffers from physical weakness, depression, and stress, and has been hospitalized multiple times in different psychiatric centers. Despite hospitalizations and receiving medication, the consequences of his mother's addiction to heroin and alcohol during pregnancy still affect him. Conclusion: Addiction to alcohol and heroin in pregnant women, besides causing severe physical and mental harm to the mothers, can have devastating physical and psychological consequences on the fetus and newborn if it does not result in miscarriage or stillbirth. Treating these consequences is not easily achievable, even with medical and psychiatric care. Here, we conduct a detailed examination of the effects of alcohol and heroin consumption in pregnant women on the fetus and a person’s life after birth. Separate studies are needed to investigate the conditions of addicted mothers during pregnancy and after that.
Inteligência artificial: inovações e aplicações em análise sensorial
Authors: Resende Francine Rubim de , Monteiro Reginaldo de Souza , Pio Ariel Alburqueque , Gama Bruno Elias Pereira Nogueira da , Pereira Patrícia Aparecida Pimenta
Published: September 2024

A constante necessidade em produzir alimentos demanda inovações na indústria alimentícia. Neste contexto, a inteligência artificial (IA) desempenha um papel crucial, otimizando desde a seleção de sementes até a distribuição de alimentos. Na ciência sensorial, a IA é aplicada para modelar dados sensoriais, aprimorando produtos para os consumidores. Diante disso, essa revisão narrativa buscou sintetizar e comunicar conhecimentos sobre a interconexão entre percepção sensorial, IA e neurociência, oferecendo uma visão compreensível da literatura e contribuindo para o desenvolvimento contínuo desse campo. Após as buscas nas bases de dados, obteve-se 47 estudos incluídos na presente revisão. Em conclusão, verificou-se que a incorporação da IA, por meio de softwares ou e-senses, como nariz, língua e olhos eletrônicos, oferece a vantagem de minimizar interferências externas e lidar com contextos complexos, reduzindo vieses, como interpretações emocionais. Além disso, a utilização de softwares possibilita a avaliação de respostas sensoriais conscientes e inconscientes, enriquecendo a descrição das preferências sensoriais. A utilização desses instrumentos pode beneficiar pesquisadores, consumidores e a indústria alimentícia, visto que a aplicação da IA tem potencial para proporcionar alimentos mais seguros e atrativos.
Feminicídio: quem ama, mata?
Authors: Bezerra Cristiane Vieira da Luz
Published: September 2024

O feminicídio é o ápice da violência contra a mulher. Essa forma de assassinato não é um evento isolado e nem repentino ou inesperado, faz parte de um processo contínuo de violências, cujas raízes caracterizam o uso de violência extrema. No bojo desse fenômeno estão questões de sociabilidades profundas e arraigadas como as desigualdades de gênero, discriminação, machismo e misoginia. Para o enfrentamento dessa ação criminosa que atinge milhares de mulheres no País é necessário o esforço conjunto da sociedade, aplicação da legislação, políticas públicas de enfrentamento à violência de gênero e o uso de todo o aparato estatal.
O capital das mílicias privadas e a fabricação do medo: um fenômeno complexo nas sociabilidades urbanas
Authors: Nogueira Sandra Vidal
Published: September 2024

O presente artigo se propõe a revisitar o que acontece no Estado do Rio de Janeiro e, em especial na Zona Oeste da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, ou seja, a forte presença de milícias, com visível alteração da paisagem social, cultural, econômica e política pela interferência do chamado “estado paralelo”. Objetiva-se com isso, por um lado, destacar o perfil da ocupação de territórios periféricos e, por outro, identificar características centrais do poder miliciano e seu campo de disputa. Nessa perspectiva de urbanismo desigual e guiado pelo lucro, o poder miliciano se mostra altamente predatório. Surge, então, um novo tipo de ordenamento sociocultural para as cidades e seu entorno. São práticas baseadas em uma nova forma de conduta que foi sendo estabelecida, fundada em sociabilidades embrutecidas e expressas pela submissão das pessoas diante do uso da força, num cenário de criminalidade violenta. As milícias são grupos armados que usam a força e o terror para dominar uma determinada região e explorar serviços de maneira ilegal. Sua origem está atrelada a noção de “privação de liberdade” e o enraizamento destes grupos produz impactos do poder paralelo nos na organização, participação social e política das comunidades de baixa renda, principalmente em regiões onde o Estado perdeu o controle efetivo da manutenção da ordem pública.
Mineração de dados no auxílio à gestão da arborização urbana: um estudo de caso ao município de nova laranjeiras
Authors: Pramiu Pétterson Vinícius , Giarollo Josane , Johann Jerry Adriani , Pramiu Débora Cristina , Coelho Silvia Renata Machado , Prado Naimara Vieira do
Published: September 2024

Além de oferecer um efeito visual agradável, melhorar a qualidade do ar e auxiliar no controle da temperatura e umidade relativa, as árvores presentes em áreas urbanas viabilizam a proximidade do ser humano com a natureza. Uma característica importante a ser considerada é que o manejo, como plantio, poda, remoção, substituição e tratamento dessas árvores em passeios públicos, é de responsabilidade dos órgãos públicos, o que demanda tempo, infraestrutura, mão de obra e recursos para sua execução. O Plano Municipal de Arborização Urbana é uma ferramenta que objetiva organizar essas ações a longo prazo, estabelecendo diretrizes e delimitando atividades a serem realizadas. No entanto, devido a quantidade de informações presentes no inventário de arborização urbana, o gerenciamento e análise de forma tradicional dos dados para a tomada de decisão, torna-se impraticável. Neste trabalho, algoritmos de aprendizado de máquina foram aplicados no banco de dados da arborização urbana objetivando a classificação, seleção de atributos, construção de árvores de decisão e geração de regras de associação entre os elementos analisados. Chegou-se à conclusão de que o emprego dessas técnicas é promissor e pode ser utilizado no auxílio do manejo da arborização urbana.