bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between the Global Burden of Influenza From 2017 to 2019 and COVID-19: Descriptive Epidemiological Assessment
Authors: Baral Stefan David , Rucinski Katherine Blair , Twahirwa Rwema Jean Olivier , Rao Amrita , Prata Menezes Neia , Diouf Daouda , Kamarulzaman Adeeba , Phaswana-Mafuya Nancy , Mishra Sharmistha
Published: February 2021

Background

SARS-CoV-2 and influenza are lipid-enveloped viruses with differential morbidity and mortality but shared modes of transmission.

Objective

With a descriptive epidemiological framing, we assessed whether recent historical patterns of regional influenza burden are reflected in the observed heterogeneity in COVID-19 cases across regions of the world.

Methods

Weekly surveillance data reported by the World Health Organization from January 2017 to December 2019 for influenza and from January 1, 2020 through October 31, 2020, for COVID-19 were used to assess seasonal and temporal trends for influenza and COVID-19 cases across the seven World Bank regions.

Results

In regions with more pronounced influenza seasonality, COVID-19 epidemics have largely followed trends similar to those seen for influenza from 2017 to 2019. COVID-19 epidemics in countries across Europe, Central Asia, and North America have been marked by a first peak during the spring, followed by significant reductions in COVID-19 cases in the summer months and a second wave in the fall. In Latin America and the Caribbean, COVID-19 epidemics in several countries peaked in the summer, corresponding to months with the highest influenza activity in the region. Countries from regions with less pronounced influenza activity, including South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, showed more heterogeneity in COVID-19 epidemics seen to date. However, similarities in COVID-19 and influenza trends were evident within select countries irrespective of region.

Conclusions

Ecological consistency in COVID-19 trends seen to date with influenza trends suggests the potential for shared individual, structural, and environmental determinants of transmission. Using a descriptive epidemiological framework to assess shared regional trends for rapidly emerging respiratory pathogens with better studied respiratory infections may provide further insights into the differential impacts of nonpharmacologic interventions and intersections with environmental conditions. Ultimately, forecasting trends and informing interventions for novel respiratory pathogens like COVID-19 should leverage epidemiologic patterns in the relative burden of past respiratory pathogens as prior information.
Electronic Medical Record–Based Case Phenotyping for the Charlson Conditions: Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Lee Seungwon , Doktorchik Chelsea , Martin Elliot Asher , D'Souza Adam Giles , Eastwood Cathy , Shaheen Abdel Aziz , Naugler Christopher , Lee Joon , Quan Hude
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND

Electronic medical records (EMRs) contain large amounts of rich clinical information. Developing EMR-based case definitions, also known as EMR phenotyping, is an active area of research that has implications for epidemiology, clinical care, and health services research.

OBJECTIVE

This review aims to describe and assess the present landscape of EMR-based case phenotyping for the Charlson conditions.

METHODS

A scoping review of EMR-based algorithms for defining the Charlson comorbidity index conditions was completed. This study covered articles published between January 2000 and April 2020, both inclusive. Embase (Excerpta Medica database) and MEDLINE (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online) were searched using keywords developed in the following 3 domains: terms related to EMR, terms related to case finding, and disease-specific terms. The manuscript follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA) guidelines.

RESULTS

A total of 274 articles representing 299 algorithms were assessed and summarized. Most studies were undertaken in the United States (181/299, 60.5%), followed by the United Kingdom (42/299, 14.0%) and Canada (15/299, 5.0%). These algorithms were mostly developed either in primary care (103/299, 34.4%) or inpatient (168/299, 56.2%) settings. Diabetes, congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, and rheumatology had the highest number of developed algorithms. Data-driven and clinical rule–based approaches have been identified. EMR-based phenotype and algorithm development reflect the data access allowed by respective health systems, and algorithms vary in their performance.

CONCLUSIONS

Recognizing similarities and differences in health systems, data collection strategies, extraction, data release protocols, and existing clinical pathways is critical to algorithm development strategies. Several strategies to assist with phenotype-based case definitions have been proposed.

CLINICALTRIAL
Assessing Health Data Security Risks in Global Health Partnerships: Development of a Conceptual Framework (Preprint)
Authors: Espinoza Juan , Sikder Abu Taher , Dickhoner James , Lee Thomas
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND

Health care databases contain a wealth of information that can be used to develop programs and mature health care systems. There is concern that the sensitive nature of health data (eg, ethnicity, reproductive health, sexually transmitted infections, and lifestyle information) can have significant impact on individuals if misused, particularly among vulnerable and marginalized populations. As academic institutions, nongovernmental organizations, and international agencies begin to collaborate with low- and middle-income countries to develop and deploy health information technology (HIT), it is important to understand the technical and practical security implications of these initiatives.

OBJECTIVE

Our aim is to develop a conceptual framework for risk stratification of global health data partnerships and HIT projects. In addition to identifying key conceptual domains, we map each domain to a variety of publicly available indices that could be used to inform a quantitative model.

METHODS

We conducted an overview of the literature to identify relevant publications, position statements, white papers, and reports. The research team reviewed all sources and used the framework method and conceptual framework analysis to name and categorize key concepts, integrate them into domains, and synthesize them into an overarching conceptual framework. Once key domains were identified, public international data sources were searched for relevant structured indices to generate quantitative counterparts.

RESULTS

We identified 5 key domains to inform our conceptual framework: State of HIT, Economics of Health Care, Demographics and Equity, Societal Freedom and Safety, and Partnership and Trust. Each of these domains was mapped to a number of structured indices.

CONCLUSIONS

There is a complex relationship among the legal, economic, and social domains of health care, which affects the state of HIT in low- and middle-income countries and associated data security risks. The strength of partnership and trust among collaborating organizations is an important moderating factor. Additional work is needed to formalize the assessment of partnership and trust and to develop a quantitative model of the conceptual framework that can help support organizational decision-making.
Impact of Digital Educational Interventions to Support Parents Caring for Acutely Ill Children at Home and Factors That Affect Their Use: Protocol for a Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Milne-Ives Madison , Neill Sarah , Bayes Natasha , Blair Mitch , Blewitt Jane , Bray Lucy , Carrol Enitan D , Carter Bernie , Dawson Rob , Dimitri Paul , Lakhanpaul Monica , Roland Damian , Tavare Alison , Meinert Edward ,   ASK SNIFF Consortium
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND

Urgent and emergency care health services are overburdened, and the use of these services by acutely ill infants and children is increasing. A large proportion of these visits could be sufficiently addressed by other health care professionals. Uncertainty about the severity of a child’s symptoms is one of many factors that play a role in parents’ decisions to take their children to emergency services, demonstrating the need for improved support for health literacy. Digital interventions are a potential tool to improve parents’ knowledge, confidence, and self-efficacy at managing acute childhood illness. However, existing systematic reviews related to this topic need to be updated and expanded to provide a contemporary review of the impact, usability, and limitations of these solutions.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this systematic review protocol is to present the method for an evaluation of the impact, usability, and limitations of different types of digital educational interventions to support parents caring for acutely ill children at home.

METHODS

The review will be structured using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P) and Population, Intervention, Comparator, and Outcome (PICO) frameworks. Five databases will be systematically searched for studies published in English during and after 2014: Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, APA PsycNet, and Web of Science. Two reviewers will independently screen references’ titles and abstracts, select studies for inclusion based on the eligibility criteria, and extract the data into a standardized form. Any disagreements will be discussed and resolved by a third reviewer if necessary. Risk of bias of all studies will be assessed using the Mixed-Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT), and a descriptive analysis will be used to evaluate the outcomes reported.

RESULTS

The systematic review will commence during 2021.

CONCLUSIONS

This systematic review will summarize the impact, usability, and limitations of digital interventions for parents with acutely ill children. It will provide an overview of the field; identify reported impacts on health and behavioral outcomes as well as parental knowledge, satisfaction, and decision making; and identify the factors that affect use to help inform the development of more effective and sustainable interventions.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

PRR1-10.2196/27504
Physical Exercise Recommendation and Success Prediction Using Interconnected Recurrent Neural Networks (Preprint)
Authors: Mahyari Arash , Pirolli Peter
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND

Unhealthy behaviors, e.g., physical inactivity and unhealthful food choice, are the primary healthcare cost drivers in developed countries. Pervasive computational, sensing, and communication technology provided by smartphones and smartwatches have made it possible to support individuals in their everyday lives to develop healthier lifestyles.

OBJECTIVE

This paper proposes an exercise recommendation system to recommend daily exercises to elderly population.

METHODS

The system, consisting of two inter-connected recurrent neural networks (RNNs), uses the history of workouts to recommend the next workout activity for each individual. The system then predicts the probability of successful completion of the predicted activity by the individual.

RESULTS

The prediction accuracy of this interconnected-RNN model is assessed on previously published data from a four-week mobile health experiment and is shown to improve upon previous predictions from a computational cognitive model. The proposed system is able to predict the next exercise for each individual with 80% accuracy.

CONCLUSIONS

The dual-RNN system for recommending workout exercises along with predicting individual success rates achieves high accuracy for individuals from whom we do not have any training data. The proposed system was validated this achievement by training the proposed model on a set of users and testing on a new set of test users. Future studies will involve combinations of explanatory computational models such as ACT-R and machine learning approaches such as the dual-RNN system to address the shortcomings of existing recommendations systems in need of large sample size.
The Rotavirus Surveillance System in Yemen: Evaluation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Lardi Eman Abdullah , Al Kuhlani Sharaf Sharaf , Al Amad Mohammed Abdullah , Al Serouri Abdulwahed Abduljabar , Khader Yousef Saleh
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND

Rotavirus (RV) kills over 185,000 children <5 years every year and is responsible for over one-third of all child diarrheal deaths worldwide. The Rotavirus Surveillance System (RVSS) in Yemen was launched in 2007 at five sentinel sites to monitor the impact of the vaccine on RV morbidity and mortality.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to determine the usefulness of the RVSS, assess its performance, and identify the strengths and weaknesses of its implementation.

METHODS

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s updated guidelines on evaluating a public health surveillance system were used to evaluate the RVSS. In this assessment, qualitative indicators, such as usefulness, flexibility, stability, simplicity, and acceptability, were assessed through in-depth interviews with stakeholders at the central level and semistructured questionnaires with the sentinel site coordinators. The indicators for quantitative attributes—sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV), completeness, and timeliness—were assessed by reviewing the results of laboratory samples and a random sample of case report forms. The scores for the indicators were expressed as poor (<60%), average (60% to <80%), and good (≥80%).

RESULTS

The overall usefulness score of the RVSS was 73%, indicating an average rank. The RVSS was rated as having good flexibility (91%) and stability (81%), and average simplicity (77%) and acceptability (76%). In terms of quantitative attributes, the system was poor for sensitivity (16%), average for PPV (73%), and good for completeness (100%) and timeliness (100%).

CONCLUSIONS

Although the system attributes were flexible, stable, capable of providing quality data, and performing timely data reporting, some attributes still needed improvements (eg, usefulness, simplicity, acceptability, and PPV). There is a need for a gradual replacement of donor funds with government funds to ensure sustainability. The RVSS in Yemen strongly requires a progressive increase in the number of sites in governorates and sensitivity enhancement.
Assessing COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy, Confidence, and Public Engagement: A Global Social Listening Study (Preprint)
Authors: Hou Zhiyuan , Tong Yixin , Du Fanxing , Lu Linyao , Zhao Sihong , Yu Kexin , Piatek Simon J , Larson Heidi J , Lin Leesa
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND

Monitoring public confidence and hesitancy is crucial for the COVID-19 vaccine rollout. Social media listening (infoveillance) can not only monitor public attitudes on COVID-19 vaccines but also assess the dissemination of and public engagement with these opinions.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to assess global hesitancy, confidence, and public engagement toward COVID-19 vaccination.

METHODS

We collected posts mentioning the COVID-19 vaccine between June and July 2020 on Twitter from New York (United States), London (United Kingdom), Mumbai (India), and Sao Paulo (Brazil), and Sina Weibo posts from Beijing (China). In total, we manually coded 12,886 posts from the five global metropolises with high COVID-19 burdens, and after assessment, 7032 posts were included in the analysis. We manually double-coded these posts using a coding framework developed according to the World Health Organization’s Confidence, Complacency, and Convenience model of vaccine hesitancy, and conducted engagement analysis to investigate public communication about COVID-19 vaccines on social media.

RESULTS

Among social media users, 36.4% (571/1568) in New York, 51.3% (738/1440) in London, 67.3% (144/214) in Sao Paulo, 69.8% (726/1040) in Mumbai, and 76.8% (2128/2770) in Beijing indicated that they intended to accept a COVID-19 vaccination. With a high perceived risk of getting COVID-19, more tweeters in New York and London expressed a lack of confidence in vaccine safety, distrust in governments and experts, and widespread misinformation or rumors. Tweeters from Mumbai, Sao Paulo, and Beijing worried more about vaccine production and supply, whereas tweeters from New York and London had more concerns about vaccine distribution and inequity. Negative tweets expressing lack of vaccine confidence and misinformation or rumors had more followers and attracted more public engagement online.

CONCLUSIONS

COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is prevalent worldwide, and negative tweets attract higher engagement on social media. It is urgent to develop an effective vaccine campaign that boosts public confidence and addresses hesitancy for COVID-19 vaccine rollouts.
Impact of the Protracted War in Yemen on the Acute Flaccid Paralysis Surveillance System: Retrospective Descriptive Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Al-Dubaiee Riham , AL Qassimi Mutaher , Al-Dar Ahmed , Al Serouri Abdulwahed , Khader Yousef
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND

Highly sensitive acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance, which includes immediate case investigation and specimen collection, is critical for achieving global polio eradication. In Yemen, the Acute Flaccid Paralysis Surveillance System (AFPSS) was launched in 1998 to achieve the polio eradication target. Although Yemen was certified as a polio-free country in 2009, the protracted war since 2015 has placed the country at risk for polio reemergence.

OBJECTIVE

The objectives of this analysis were to evaluate the performance of the Yemen AFPSS at both the national and governorate levels, and to assess the impact of the ongoing war on the performance.

METHODS

Retrospective descriptive analysis was performed on Yemen secondary AFP surveillance data for the years 2014 (before the war) and 2015-2017 (during the war). Data comprising all children <15 years old reported as having AFP were included in the analysis. AFP surveillance performance was evaluated using World Health Organization–specified AFP surveillance indicators.

RESULTS

At the national level, all indicators were met before and after the war except for “lab results received within ≤28 days,” which was unmet since the war erupted. Furthermore, the indicator “stool specimens arriving at a central level within ≤3 days” was unmet after the war but only in 2017. At the governorate level, although the indicators “adequacy” and “stool specimens arriving at the laboratory in good condition” were met before the war in all governorates, the former indicator was unmet in 9 (41%) governorates since the war erupted and the latter indicator was also unmet in 9 governorates (41%) but only in 2017.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings show that some AFP surveillance indicators were negatively impacted by eruption of the war in Yemen due to closure of the Sana’a capital airport and postponement of sample shipment to the reference laboratory, which remained under long-term poor storage conditions. To ensure rapid detection of polio cases, improving specimen collection, storage, and transportation, together with proper and timely shipment of specimens to the reference laboratory should be considered.
Acid-Alkaline Treatment of Mordenite and Its Catalytic Activity in the Hydrotreatment of Bio-Oil
Authors: Yusniyanti Febi , Trisunaryanti Wega , Triyono Triyono
Published: February 2021

Acid-alkaline treatment using acetic acid and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) were applied on mordenite (MOR) to increase the Si/Al ratio and surface area properties. Various time treatment (3, 6, and 9 h) and concentration of acetic acid (6, 9, and 12 M) were used to treat MOR, and followed by the treatment with NaOH (0.1 M) under room temperature. The MOR and treated mordenite were applied as a catalyst for hydrotreatment of cellulose-derived bio-oil. The acetic acid treatment caused the increase of the Si/Al ratio of mordenite up to 27.03. The Si/Al ratio was determined using ICP-AES analysis which was also confirmed using FT-IR analysis. The acidity was determined using NH3 vapors adsorption. The acidity test revealed that as the Si/Al ratio increased the acidity of mordenite decreased. The advantage of using acetic acid for acid treatment was that the XRD patterns of mordenite can be preserved with a little decrease of the intensity. On the other hand, the NaOH treatment under room temperature decreased the crystallinity down to 68%, which was calculated using XRD. The acid-alkaline treatment of mordenite succeeded to increase the surface area 2 times larger than the parent mordenite. The surface area was obtained from BET analysis. The acid-alkaline treated mordenite exhibited better catalytic activity upon hydrotreatment of biomass-derived bio-oil compared to the parent mordenite which corresponded to its highest surface area.
Synthesis and Characterization of Copper Impregnated Mesoporous Carbon as Heterogeneous Catalyst for Phenylacetylene Carboxylation with Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Amalia Putri Nurul , Abdullah Iman , Rahayu Dyah Utami Cahyaning , Krisnandi Yuni Krisyuningsih
Published: February 2021

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a compound that can potentially be used as a carbon source in the synthesis of fine chemicals. However, the utilization of CO2 is still constrained due to its inert and stable nature. Therefore, the presence of a catalyst is needed in CO2 conversion. This study aims to synthesize copper impregnated mesoporous carbon (Cu/MC) as a catalyst for phenylacetylene carboxylation reaction with CO2 to produce phenylpropiolic acid. The synthesis of mesoporous carbon was performed via the soft template method. The as-synthesized Cu/MC material was characterized by FTIR, SAA, XRD, and SEM-EDX. BET surface area analysis of mesoporous carbon showed that the material has a high surface area of 405.8 m2/g with an average pore diameter of 7.2 nm. XRD pattern of Cu/MC indicates that Cu has been successfully impregnated in the form of Cu(0) and Cu(I). Phenylacetylene carboxylation reaction with CO2 was carried out by varying reaction temperatures (25, 50, and 75 °C), amount of catalyst (28.6, 57.2, and 85.8 mg), type of base (Cs2CO3, K2CO3, and Na2CO3), and variation of support. The reaction mixtures were analyzed by HPLC and showed that the highest phenylacetylene conversion of 41% was obtained for the reaction at 75 °C using Cs2CO3 as a base.
Study of Mangosteen Peel (Garcinia mangostana L.) Waste Capability to Recover Au(III) and Ag(I) in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Harumi Mellia , Kurniawan Rian , Saputri Agustiwandina , Saraswati Dian Hanna , Ardini Meissha Ayu , Sudiono Sri
Published: February 2021

Electronic waste (e-waste) has been confirmed containing some precious metals such as gold and silver. Mangosteen peel waste as eco-friendly adsorbent has been studied to recover Au(III) and Ag(I) successfully. Recovery was started through adsorbent preparation, consisting of soxhlet extraction and maceration. About 100 mg of adsorbent was dispersed into Au(III) and Ag(I) solutions in various pH conditions (2–6). The result proves that the optimum adsorptions of Au(III) and Ag(I) are at pH 2 and pH 6, respectively. Au(III) adsorption follows the isotherm model of Langmuir with a maximum capacity of 0.580 mmol/g (114.27 mg/g). Ag(I) adsorption follows the isotherm model of Freundlich with a maximum capacity of 0.511 mmol/g (55.10 mg/g).
О рукописных списках ойратско-калмыцкого «Гесера», хранящихся в архивных собраниях России и Европы, а также их собирании, описании и публикации
Authors:   Institute of Ethnic Literature, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Jiafu Danbuer , Seleeva Tsagan. B. ,   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS
Published: February 2021

The epos “Geser” in the form of oral and written vaults is known over a vast territory — from Tibet and Mongolia to southern Siberia and the Lower Volga. According to the researchers, the Mongolian Geseriad was established among the ancient Mongol-speaking tribes of Kukunor on the basis of the oral Tibetan version of the monument. Geser is not only the hero of the epos, his image is also associated with the mythological, religious, folklore and literary traditions. This article is devoted to the history of publication and storage of the handwritten texts of “Geser” in “clear script” in Russia and Europe, as well as the history of recording and publication of oral versions of the legend.
Монгол ардын үлгэр дэх цэцэн мэргэний сэдэв (= Тема мудрости в монгольских народных сказках)
Authors:   Institute of Language and Literature of the Academy of Sciences of Mongolia, B. Dayriimaa
Published: February 2021

One of the main motifs of any folk fairy tale are the stories of wise men. This theme is especially vividly manifested in the depiction of the confrontation of a hero with a perfect mind, who, being small (puny), easily overcomes a many times superior enemy. In fairy tales about animals, the main bearer of wisdom is a hare, the main opponent of the hare is a wolf or lion. In everyday fairy tales the wisdom theme is employed in the stories about testing mind through the conflict between a khan and a servant, between brothers, between a step-mother and a step-daughter, etc. Most of the stories are built on the storylines of wise guessers, wise counselors. The author identifies four types of bearers of wisdom.
O CUIDADO HUMANO E O SENTIDO DA MORTE E DA VIDA
Authors: Souza Waldir , Perini Carla Corradi
Published: February 2021

A pesquisa bibliográfica, descritiva, objetiva discutir o cuidado, a morte e o sentido da vida nas perspectivas da antropologia filosófica, da teologia e da bioética. Sobretudo apresenta as obras de Edith Stein La strutura della persona umana (1933-2013), Ser Finito y Ser Eterno (1996) e Psicologia e scienze dello spirito (1922-1999). Certifica a história da morte e as transformações ocorridas na sociedade ocidental contemporânea, as mudanças de mentalidade e os comportamentos, assim como o afastamento do processo de morrer tradicionalmente familiar para o contexto das instituições hospitalares. A morte deixa de ser natural e torna-se selvagem, inimiga e revestida de tabus; a técnica assume lugar de importância nas decisões de vida e morte. A vida envolve mistério, requer responsabilidade, atenção, precaução, cautela e diligência. Para tanto, o cuidado, a vida e a morte necessitam de uma profunda argumentação que represente sua intrínseca relação. Tal como o sentido da vida, a existência humana no mundo, as relações e a capacidade de transcendência.
ACOLHER O OUTRO DE NÓS MESMOS: MIGRAÇÃO, CUIDADO E HOSPITALIDADE
Authors: Schaeffer Rocha Abdruschin , Mesquiati de Oliveira David
Published: February 2021

O tema da migração surge no texto a partir da noção de cuidado como modo-de-ser que se expressa em uma hospitalidade profunda, capaz de relativizar as diferenças para se construir partilha de vida. A reflexão caminha sobre a necessidade de se viver a hospitalidade profunda, que é capaz de acolher o outro para além das diferenças, em um desafio constante não só de aceitar o outro, mas acolher as próprias estranhezas internas de cada um.
TERRA-MÉDIA NA PENUMBRA: A NATUREZA TEOLÓGICA DO MAL EM O EXPURGO DO CONDADO
Authors: Sugamosto e Silva Alexandre , Caldas Filho Carlos R.
Published: February 2021

O Expurgo do Condado é o oitavo e penúltimo capítulo de O Retorno do Rei e, consequentemente, da trilogia O Senhor dos Anéis, de J. R. R. Tolkien. Entre os fãs e críticos, no entanto, o capítulo é considerado uma incógnita e até mesmo um anticlímax. A adaptação cinematográfica da obra, por exemplo, optou por não filmar o capítulo, porque ele aparentemente quebraria o arco narrativo e o triunfo vitorioso dos hobbits na volta ao lar. Neste artigo, entretanto, trabalharemos com a hipótese de que O Expurgo do Condado exerce um duplo papel sumamente importante na trilogia como um tanto, pois ocupa um espaço fundamental na composição literária de O Senhor dos Anéis quanto parece explicitar a visão que J. R. R. Tolkien tinha acerca da natureza do mal.
SINAIS DOS TEMPOS E DOS LUGARES – UM TRIBUTO A VÍTOR WESTHELLE
Authors: Von Sinner Rudolf
Published: February 2021

Do seu jeito bem particular de uma releitura criativa e contextual de tradições teológicas, Vítor Westhelle (1952-2018) redirecionou a escatologia, geralmente restrita a uma percepção de tempo e eternidade, rumo a uma compreensão espacial do eschaton. Nos anos 1980, Westhelle adquiriu experiência como pastor em âmbito rural e como coordenador da Comissão Pastoral da Terra na região. Tal experiência fez com que realizasse que a luta pela terra “não é apenas uma luta particular para a transformação social, não é apenas uma estratégia dentro de um projeto histórico (sociedade socialista, Reino etc.) [...] é a libertação do espaço na forma de lugares em que se pertence”. Sua subsequente aula inaugural na então Faculdade de Teologia em São Leopoldo foi proferida sob o título programático de “Sinais dos lugares – as dimensões esquecidas” (1989). Dentro do movimento da teologia da libertação e intuindo a necessidade e futura emergência de uma perspectiva pós e decolonial, Westhelle postula que a “região molda a religião”. Mais de vinte anos depois, publicou o livro sobre Escatology and Space – The Lost Dimension in Theology Past and Present (2012), num estado maduro daquela refl exão inicial, agora explicitamente numa perspectiva pós e decolonial e consciente do giro espacial, propondo uma “escatologia latitudinal”, que não tem apenas uma dimensão kairótica, mas também chorática. Concluindo este ensaio bibliográfico, argumento que uma teologia pública, localizando-se no espaço e no tempo, pode aprender muito de tal escatologia latitudinal, sensível ao lugar e ao contexto ao situar pessoas e instituições de fé dentro da sociedade.
HABITAR LA IMAGEN. EN BUSCA DE LO MICRO-INMANENTE POR MEDIO DE LA POÉTICA
Authors: Gutiérrez Martin Kanek , Plaza Zúñiga Jeannette , Campuzano Catalina
Published: February 2021

Se plantea que el Habitar la imagen comprende la relación mediada por lo visual entre lo interno y externo del ser, acción en cual la memoria y la interpretación de la imagen son los medios que permiten asignar significado a la experiencia del individuo, en la que los objetos adquieren sentido para el sujeto. Desde el enfoque de la fenomenología de la percepción se entiende a la imagen desde lo micro-inmanente a través de tres tipos: imágenes-mundo, imágenes-vivientes e imágenes-ontológicas, en cuya interrelación se manifiesta la existencia en medio de la influencia del espacio-tiempo habitado.
تعليم اللغة العربية على أساس الذكاءات المتعددة بمؤسسة الدورية مركز العربية بباري كديري
Authors: Admi Letty Maulida
Published: February 2021

The purpose this research is to describe Arabic learning based on linguistic intelligence, use of methods on kinesthetic intelligence, and use media on visual and musical intelligence in learning Arabic in "Markaz Arabiyah" course institute in the I'dad and Syarqi awal programs. This research apply a qualitatif design using case study methods. Data collection techniques include interviews, observations and documentation. Then the data analysis technique in this study used the concept of Miles and Huberman who stated that activities in the analysis include data reduction, data display and data verification.  The results of this study indicate that: (1) learning Arabic at the Pare Kediri Arabiyah Markaz Course Institute based on linguistic intelligence is  speaking, debate, developing vocabulary, istima ’, telling stories,  brainstorming, weekly speaking, weekly speeches, compulsory boarding speeches, daily expressions, weekly brainstorming, vocabulary development and language improvement. (2) demonstration as a method of learning Arabic has been used in learning Muhadatsah on the map chapter, playing eat bulaga, playing puppets, on extracurricular activities in dhomir material. (3) pictures and music become a learning media that is suitable for students who have visual intelligence and musical. The media image is used during ta'birat learning, speaking extracurricular activities, eat bulaga games in ta’birat learning and in the drama liqa 'usbu'. While music is used as a learning medium in speaking learning in the syarqi awal program and joint singing activities when liqa'usbu '.
معاني ألفاظ اليسر والعسر وما يشتق منهما في القرآن الكريم
Authors: Wahyudin Dedih , Husna Hamzah Tina Asmaul
Published: February 2021

This study aims to determine the lexical meaning, contextual meaning, and educational implications of the words "yusr" and "'usr" and their derivation in the Qur’an. This research is based on a framework using semantics, namely isytirāk (one word that has many meanings) as a tool to find out the meanings that have implications for the science of education. The research method used is the semantic analysis study by leading to the analysis of the meaning of the word with thematic methods, And the data collection techniques in this study use literature study techniques. After the researcher analyzed the words "yusr" and "’usr" and their derivatives in the Qur'an, it can be concluded that the word "yusr" means easy, to ease, simplify, good deeds, invisible, little/small, gentle, heaven and solution. The word "usr" means distress, difficulty, inability to pay debts, problem difficulty, doomsday, partner differences, ugliness, and hell. The words "yusr" and "'usr" have educational implications that are seen in each of their meanings.
محاولات المدرس لتعزيز دوافع الطالبات في مهارة الكلام بالمدرسة الفتيان التعليمي أتشية
Authors: Zumara Feni , Qusaiyen Qusaiyen , Fajriah Fajriah
Published: February 2021

This research aims to see and find out the efforts that made by the teacher of Al-Fityan School Aceh to motivate students in speaking skill. The research method used is descriptive qualitative method. The researcher used the theory of Miles and Huberman as the way of data collection and analysis techniques. There are four stages of the techniques, they are: data collection, data reduction, data presentation(data display) andconclusion drawing/verification. The results of this research is the researcher found that the teacher tried to motivate the students in several ways, including: (1) The method that used by the teacher of Al-Fityan School Aceh is a direct method (thariqah mubasyarah) where the method is using Arabic language directly in daily activity without using mother tounge. 2) The use of learning method such as mumarasah takallum al-lughah arabiyyah and expression of language habituation program. (3) The use of media such as picture (shurah), poster (lauhah), and video..
مشكلات تعليم اللغة العربية
Authors: Rahmati Suci , Muslim Buhori , Mubshirah Dara
Published: February 2021

Arabic language learning purposes to encourage, guide, develop, and enhance Arabic languages.Skills included listening, speaking, reading and writing. In the fact, the Arabic language learning has some problems. The aim of this study is to analyze various problems in learning of Arabic language. The method used in this study is descriptive methode, which is a study that collects data in the form of words and picture without number. The results of this study indicate that two big problems in learning Arabic language, there are linguistic problems and non linguistic problems. The linguistic problems included sound, vocabularies, structure and writing. Non-linguistic problems included teachers, motivaties, fasilities, socio cultural, textbooks, characteristics, methods and times.
MIN 15 Aceh Tengah محاولات مدرسة اللغة العربية في ترقية قدرة التلاميذ على إتقان المفردات بـــــ
Authors: Handayani Uci , Suhaimi Suhaimi , Fajriah Fajriah
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this research is to find out the efforts of Arabic language teachers to improve students' ability in mastering vocabularies. The research method used is descriptive analysis. The data collection technique used is interview with Arabic language teachers. The data analysis techniques in this study use the theory of Miles and Humberman including: Data Collection, Data Reduction, Data Presentation and Drawing Conclusions. Arabic teachers' efforts to improve students' ability in mastering vocabularies consist of three aspects: (1) The use of strategies in vocabularies learning such as teaching vocabularies and making students listen to it, instructing students to repeat vocabulary, displaying pictures to understand the meaning of vocabularies, teaching vocabularies with appropriate songs on certain materials and repeating vocabulary at each class hour (2) The use of methods in vocabulary learning such as giving examples or the teacher displays something in accordance with the vocabularies to understand the vocabularies, playing simple roles, repeating the reading, using a vocabulary command and chain message game. (3) The use of media in vocabulary learning such as printed drawing media, blackboards and textbooks.
RCEP Asociación Económica Regional de Asia. Ascenso de una Nueva Potencia Mundial
Authors: Giudice Baca Victor , Ríos Zuta Hoover
Published: February 2021

El Año 2020 se creará el RCEP compuesto por 16 países de Asia. El PBI del RCEP es superior al PBI de EE.UU y Europa. El RCEP es la Integración Regional de 16 países de Asia Pacífico. La población de un miembro (Indonesia) equivale a 3.5 veces la población de Alemania. La población del RCEP supera los 3500 millones de personas, siete veces la población de Europa y más de diez veces la población de EE.UU. La Clase Media de Asia  ya era mayor a  la  Clase Media de EE.UU. y Europa en el año 2015. El RCEP merece una atención especial de Académicos, Investigadores de Consultoras y Empresarios, dado que el Mercado Asiático es el Primer Mercado Internacional del Perú, Mercosur y Chile.
MARGINAL REGION MATHEMATICS TEACHERS’ PERCEPTION OF USING ICT MEDIA
Authors: Pradipta Trisna Roy , Perbowo Krisna Satrio , Nafis Afifah , Miatun Asih , Johnston-Wilder Sue
Published: February 2021

The article presents a marginal region of mathematics teachers' perception of ICT as learning media and the type of ICT media used in mathematics classroom. A survey was designed including two domains:  the usability and the importance of ICT. A questionnaire was administered to 84 mathematics teachers in marginal regions. The respondents were chosen conveniently based on their accessibility and availability. About 50% of marginal region mathematics teachers do not use ICT in teaching. The most common media used is Microsoft Office software to present teaching materials from internet or digital sources. Using Rasch model, the data show that mathematics teachers' perception of the usage and importance of ICT as a media of mathematics learning can be categorized as 'medium' level. Mathematics teachers in the marginal regions consider ICT as mathematics learning media to be fairly important.
KONSELING INDIVIDUAL DENGAN TEKNIK MODELING UNTUK PENANGANAN KENAKALAN REMAJA DI YAYASAN PONDOK PESANTREN YATIM HAJJAH PATISAH SURAKARTA
Authors: Rifaâ€™i Faisal , Santoso Budi
Published: February 2021

Faktor yang menyebabkan adanya kenakalan remaja bermula dari lingkungan terkecil yaitu keluarga. Selain itu, faktor lain yang menyebabkan terjadinya kenakalan remaja adalah masyarakat, di mana dalam proses pencarian jati diri remaja biasanya bergaul dan bermain dengan teman-temannya. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik Pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Keabsahan data menggunakan trianggulasi sumber. Metode analisa data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pengumpulan data, reduksi, data, penyajian data dan menarik kesimpulan atau verifikasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa proses pelaksanaan konseling Individual dengan teknik modeling yang dipraktekan oleh santri dilakukan satu minggu satu kali, hal tersebut untuk penanganan kenakalan remaja santri. Santri diberikan motivasi, agar santri dapat selalu berfikir rasional, percaya diri, dan cara bergaul yang baik.
PROBLEMATIKA BIMBINGAN DAN KONSELING BIDANG SPIRITUAL PESERTA DIDIK SMA: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW (SLR)
Authors: Kholili Maâ€™rifatin Indah , Dewi Dinda Kamalia Mutiara , Widiantaka Kus Puji Santosa Edo , Khanifah Rizqi
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this study was to find and describe various spiritual problems along with the completion of counseling guidance for high school students. The method used in this study was a Systematical Literature Review. The technique of collecting data is by collecting articles from several online journals. The author examines journal articles published between 2012-2020. The author found that there were 15 articles with 12 different problems. The results of this study show that various problems in the spiritual field include low religious tolerance, learning difficulties, high levels of anxiety, low levels of spiritual intelligence, lack of Islamic personality, low levels of interpersonal intelligence, low levels of religiosity, lack of noble morals, low self-esteem, bullying, juvenile delinquency, and smoking behavior that can be solved with Gestalt Prophetic (G-Pro) guidance and counseling, religiosity-based counseling guidance model, mind bubble meditation relaxation, integrative group counseling model, counseling guidance and spiritual intelligence, Islamic counseling approach, guidance theistic, group guidance, Al-Ghazali thought-based guidance and counseling, spirituality cognitive restructuring technique group counseling, Islamic intervention program model, Anwar Sutoyo's Islamic counseling guidance model, SEFT therapy (Spiritual Emotional Freedom Technique), ode mind map.
Apakah Desain Eksperimen Satu Kelompok Layak Digunakan?
Authors: Saifuddin Ahmad
Published: February 2021

Research is a form of effort to achieve truth. Research is divided into several methods, namely qualitative, quantitative, and mixed method. Each of these research methods includes several research techniques, one of which is experimental research. Experimental research including quantitative research methods. Broadly speaking, experimental research is divided into pre-experiment, quasi experiment, and true experiment. Many studies still use a one-group design. This study aims to assess the feasibility of one group design using a literature study. The result is that the experimental design of one group is considered less suitable for use in research due to several factors, namely the minimal number of groups, no control group, not random, and low validity.
Manajemen Stres Orangtua Dalam Pendampingan Pembelajaran Daring
Authors: Listyanti Heni , Wahyuningsih Ristia
Published: February 2021

Online learning still has a lot of obstacles that make parents stressed in accompanying their children. Stress coupled without managing can be harmful to you or to others. The aim of this study is to learn how parents manage stress caused by online learning assistance. This study used a qualitative approach. The methods to collect data were observation and interview. The research sample was three mothers in 32-34 years old and their last aducation was Senior High School and D1. The results indicate that parents stressed in online learning assistance caused by the factor of children, teacher and themselves (parents). The ways to manage stress are rest, telling the problem to closest person or others, dividing time of assistance between father and mother.
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Provide an Unlimited T-cell Source for CAR-T cell Development and A Potential Source for Off-the-shelf Products
Authors: Nezhad Muhammad Sadeqi
Published: February 2021

CAR-T cell therapy has been increasingly conducted for cancer patients
in clinical settings. Progress in this therapeutic approach is hampered
by the lack of a solid manufacturing process, T lymphocytes, and
tumor-specific antigens. T-cell source used in CAR-T cell therapy is
predominantly derived from the patient’s own T lymphocytes, which makes
this approach impracticable to patients with progressive diseases and T
leukemia. Autologous CAR-T cell generation is time-consuming due to lack
of readily available T lymphocytes and is not applicable for third-party
patients. Pluripotent stem cells, such as human induced pluripotent stem
cells (hiPSCs), could provide an unlimited T-cell source for CAR-T cell
development. iPSC-derived T cells would be a promising infinite T-cell
source and are phenotypically defined, expandable and functional as
physiological T cells. iPSC-derived T cells provide a feasible T-cell
source for the development of off-the-shelf T cells and CAR-T cells. The
combination of iPSC and CAR-Technologies provides an extraordinary
opportunity to oncology and greatly facilitates cell-based therapy for
cancer patients. T-iPSCs in combination with CAR is in early stage of
development and the pre-clinical and clinical studies concerning the
combination of these novel technologies are not sufficient. This article
critically reviews the progress in iPSC-derived T cell development and
provides a roadmap for development of CAR iPSC-derived T cells and
off-the-shelf T-iPSCs.

Keywords: CAR-T cell; iPSC; T cell; iPSC-derived T cell; tumor
cell; therapeutic; off-the-shelf
Integrating animal behaviour into research on multiple environmental stressors: a conceptual framework
Authors: Lopez Laura , Gil Michael , Crowley Philip , Trimmer Pete , Munson Amelia , Ligocki Isaac , Michelangeli Marcus , Sih Andrew
Published: February 2021

While a large body of research has focused on the physiological effects
of multiple environmental stressors, behavioral effects remain far less
studied. However, behavioural plasticity can not only directly drive
responses to stressors but can also mediate physiological responses.
Here, we provide a conceptual framework incorporating four fundamental
tradeoffs explicitly linking animal behaviour to life history-based
pathways for energy allocation, shaping the impact of multiple stressors
on fitness. We first address how small-scale behavioural changes can
drive conflicts between the effects of multiple stressors and
alternative physiological responses. We then discuss how animal
behaviour gives rise to three additional understudied and interrelated
trade-offs: balancing the benefits and risks of obtaining the energy
needed to cope with stressors, allocation of energy between life-history
traits and stressor responses, and larger-scale escape from stressors in
space or time via dispersal or dormancy. Finally, we outline how these
trade-offs interactively affect fitness and qualitative ecological
outcomes resulting from multiple stressors. Our framework suggests that
animal behavior could underlie the extensive context dependence in
results from stressor research, highlighting promising avenues for
future empirical and theoretical research.