bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interpreting and Translation - Two Sides of the Same Coin?
Authors: Dollerup Cay , Fluger Lena , Zoëga Anne
Published: February 2016

This paper discusses an umbrella project which compares the end results of interpreting and translation in order to chart similarities and dissimilarities between the two crafts. The article places the project in context, presents its objectives and describes the corpus of the empirical data for specific studies which will, in turn, allow for assessment of differences and similarities between interpreting and translation.
22. Jahrestagung der GAL 26.-28. September 1991 in Mainz
Authors: Engberg Jan
Published: February 2016

No abstract.
Anne Møllmann: Dansk-fransk marketing ordbog. Foreningen til Unge Handelsmænds Uddannelse 1990, 475 sider
Authors: Duvå Grete , Nielsen Anne Ellerup
Published: February 2016

No abstract.
Torben Henriksen: Juridisk ordbog spansk dansk. København. G.E.C. Gads forlag 1991
Authors: Mersby Erik
Published: February 2016

No abstract.
Signalfunktion and Kodierungsgrad von sprachlichen Merkmalen in Gerichtsurteilen
Authors: Engberg Jan
Published: February 2016

This article investigates the relations between the textual conventions of a text genre and the speech acts performed within this genre. The starting point of the study is a critical view upon Katharina Reiss' concept of "Textsortenkonventionen". It is stated that a mainly quantitative concept as Reiss' cannot adequatly guide the translator in his search for the appropriate translation equivalent, and that a qualitative concept of textual convention has to be developed to fill this gap. As an example, an analysis of the speech act [report] within the text genre "legal judgements in Civil Law cases" is presented. As a result of the analysis, some of the conventions of the text genre are said to be coded signals for the speech acts performed within the genre. On the basis of these results an attempt is made to develop a theoretical concept that may describe the relation between degree of conventionalisation and the signal quality of linguistic elements within texts.
Det endelig ordforråd
Authors: Holmboe Henrik
Published: February 2016

Text analysis and text comprehension are problems closely connected with the question of vocabulary. The vocabulary comprises the units which text analysis cannot ignore as one of its goals, and text comprehension - irrespective of theoretical inclination - will always interact with word comprehension. You may claim that texts presuppose words and word semantics in so far as the words are the bricks in the building of texts, or you may claim that the meaning of words is an abstract concept presupposing the sentence, or the text, and not having its empirical status; but to the best of my knowledge nobody will claim that there is no interrelation between the comprehension of words and that of texts. Thus it is relevant to study the words and the vocabularies of languages considering i.a., whether the vocabulary is finite or infinite. This paper will argue the first case, even for a language like Danish with its wide range of word formation potentials which might present the latter case as the attractive alternative. The arguments will be based on facts about the structure of the words and on some considerations on functional and semantic load. The paper is a slightly revised and extended version of a oral contribution given at a conference "Danish Text Analysis on Computers" in November 1991 at the University of Copenhagen under the auspices of the Danish Research Council for the Humanities.
Charlotte Langkilde et al.: L&H Teknisk Ordbog. Dansk-engelsk/engelsk-dansk. L&H ordbøger 1990
Authors: Bergenholtz Henning , Pedersen Jette
Published: February 2016

No abstract.
The Origin and Rationale of X-bar Syntax
Authors: Jacobsen Bent
Published: February 2016

The present paper is intended as a reasonably elementary introduction to the nature of X-bar syntax, an important module in the structure of a modern transformational-generative grammar. The examples have been taken from English; however, since X-bar syntax is an integral part of the overall structure of Universal Grammar, the analyses presented here extend to any language.
Jørgen Bang & Karl Hårbøl: Omvendt fremmedordbog. København: Munksgaard, 1991
Authors: Mogensen Jens Erik
Published: February 2016

No abstract.
Union Complaints in Industrial Relations Negotiations
Authors: Walker Esther
Published: February 2016

This paper details the design features of a potentially highly confrontational sequence of activities which is found in formal, industrial relations negotiations: a union complaint followed by a management defence. It is observed that the complaint is accomplished implicitly and that that implicitness is a joint accomplishment of all the participants; they collaborate to ensure that the talk constitutes and facilitates cooperative discussion, thereby avoiding confrontation. Through the description of this phenomenon, the author builds an account of how the participants' orientation to 'doing negotiation' inheres in the design of the talk.
... ergo er Morlille en Steen
Authors: Kaufmann Uwe
Published: February 2016

No abstract.
Institutions et scolarité : le cas des francophones au Québec vs les Américains d’origine canadienne-française
Authors: Parent Daniel
Published: February 2016

Environ un million de Canadiens français ont émigré vers les États-Unis entre 1865 et 1930, s’établissant majoritairement dans les États de la Nouvelle-Angleterre. À l’aide de données de recensements américains et canadiens, cette étude examine comment la scolarité et la fréquentation scolaire de leurs descendants se comparent avec ceux de Québécois francophones du même âge. Les données des recensements canadien de 1971 et américain de 1970 nous révèlent que les résidents natifs de la Nouvelle-Angleterre dont la langue maternelle était le français ont profité d’un avantage considérable sur le plan de la scolarité. J’attribue cet écart important à leur accès au système public d’éducation des États-Unis, qui n’avait pas d’équivalent au Québec jusqu’à la fin des années soixante. Ce résultat est encore plus remarquable étant donné la sélection négative présumée en regard de ceux qui quittaient le Québec et le fait que les Franco-Américains réussissaient à reproduire relativement bien les institutions d’enseignement québécoises. En examinant les recensements canadien de 2000 et américain de 2001, on constate que l’écart s’est considérablement résorbé chez les plus jeunes. En fait, contrairement à ce qui est observé en 1971, les jeunes Québécois en 2001 avaient à peu près la même scolarité et étaient au moins aussi susceptibles d’avoir atteint un niveau d’études postsecondaire que les Franco-Américains. Toutefois, ils accusent toujours un retard lorsqu’il s’agit de détenir au moins un baccalauréat. Ce renversement partiel reflète l’effet du « traitement correctif » par lequel le Québec a apporté des changements profonds à ses institutions d’enseignement, particulièrement au niveau postsecondaire, au milieu et à la fin des années soixante.
Extension agricole dans la zone marginale de production cotonnière en Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Yao Koffi Simplice , Koissy-Kpein Sandrine Aïda
Published: February 2016

Ce travail s’appuie sur une base de données originale comprenant 255 producteurs de coton de la zone de production marginale de Côte d’Ivoire. Il s’agit de mettre en évidence l’effet sur la productivité de l’incursion des opérateurs privés dans cette zone étatique. Pour atteindre ce but, nous appliquons la régression par moindres carrés ordinaires (MCO) et la méthode d’appariement. Les résultats des travaux suggèrent que la privatisation est favorable à la hausse de la production dans cette zone.
TBP/TFIID-dependent activation of MyoD target genes in skeletal muscle cells
Authors: Malecova Barbora , Dall'Agnese Alessandra , Madaro Luca , Gatto Sole , Coutinho Toto Paula , Albini Sonia , Ryan Tammy , Tora Làszlò , Puri Pier Lorenzo
Published: February 2016

Change in the identity of the components of the transcription pre-initiation complex is proposed to control cell type-specific gene expression. Replacement of the canonical TFIID-TBP complex with TRF3/TBP2 was reported to be required for activation of muscle-gene expression. The lack of a developmental phenotype in TBP2 null mice prompted further analysis to determine whether TBP2 deficiency can compromise adult myogenesis. We show here that TBP2 null mice have an intact regeneration potential upon injury and that TBP2 is not expressed in established C2C12 muscle cell or in primary mouse MuSCs. While TFIID subunits and TBP are downregulated during myoblast differentiation, reduced amounts of these proteins form a complex that is detectable on promoters of muscle genes and is essential for their expression. This evidence demonstrates that TBP2 does not replace TBP during muscle differentiation, as previously proposed, with limiting amounts of TFIID-TBP being required to promote muscle-specific gene expression.
The effect of agmatine on trichothecene type B and zearalenone production inFusarium graminearum,F. culmorumandF. poae
Authors: Pasquali Matias , Cocco Emmanuelle , Guignard Cédric , Hoffmann Lucien
Published: February 2016

Agmatine and other putrescines are known for being strong inducers of deoxynivalenol (DON) production inFusarium graminearum. Other important species produce DON and/or other trichothecene type B toxins (3 acetylated DON, 15 acetylated DON, Fusarenon-X, Nivalenol), such asF. culmorumandF. poae. In order to verify whether the mechanism of the regulation of trichothecene type B induction by agmatine is shared by different species of Fusarium, we tested the hypothesis on 19 strains belonging to 3 Fusarium species (F. graminearum, F. culmorum, F. poae) with diverse genetic chemotypes (3ADON, 15ADON, NIV) by measuring trichothecene B toxins such as DON, NIV, Fusarenon-X, 3ADON and 15ADON. Moreover, we tested whether other toxins like zearalenone were also boosted by agmatine. The trichothecene type B boosting effect was observed in the majority of strains (13 out of 19) in all the three species. Representative strains from all three genetic chemotypes were able to boost toxin production after agmatine treatment. We identified the non-responding strains to the agmatine stimulus, which may contribute to deciphering the regulatory mechanisms that link toxin production to agmatine (and, more generally, polyamines).
Validation of reference genes for quantitative RT-PCR normalization inSuaeda aralocaspica, an annual halophyte with heteromorphism and C4 pathway without Kranz anatomy
Authors: Cao Jing , Wang Lu , Lan Haiyan
Published: February 2016

Reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) is a powerful analytical technique for the measurement of gene expression, which depends on the stability of the reference gene used for data normalization.Suaeda aralocaspica, an annual halophyte with heteromorphic seeds and possessing C4 photosynthesis pathway without Kranz anatomy, is an ideal plant species to identify stress tolerance-related genes and compare relative expression at transcriptional level. So far, no molecular information is available for this species. In the present study, six traditionally used reference genes were selected and their expression stability in two types of seeds ofS. aralocaspicaunder different experimental conditions was evaluated. Three analytical programs, geNorm, NormFinder and BestKeeper, were used to assess and rank the stability of reference gene expression. Results revealed that although some reference genes may display different transcriptional profiles between the two types of seeds,β-TUB andGAPDHappeared to be the most suitable references under different developmental stages and tissues.GAPDHwas the appropriate reference gene under different germination time points and salt stress conditions, andACTINwas suitable for various abiotic stress treatments for the two types of seeds. For all the sample pools,β-TUB served as the most stable reference gene, whereas18S rRNAand28S rRNAperformed poorly and presented as the least stable genes in our study.UBQseemed to be unsuitable as internal control under different salt treatments. In addition, the expression of a photosynthesis-related gene (PPDK) of C4 pathway and a salt tolerance-related gene (SAT) ofS. aralocaspicawere used to validate the best performance reference genes. This is the first systematic comparison of reference gene selection for qRT-PCR work inS. aralocaspicaand these data will facilitate further studies on gene expression in this species and other euhalophytes.
In‐Silico Nanomedical Exploration of Mefloquine Drug Transport Using Pegylated Graphene Oxide Nanocarrier
Authors: Adekoya Oluwasegun Chijioke , Adekoya Gbolahan Joseph , Sadiku Emmanuel Rotimi , Hamam Yskandar
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the in‐silico transport of mefloquine (MQ) by using graphene oxide (GO) and polyethylene glycol (PEG)‐functionalized GO nanocarriers. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations are performed to explore the molecular interactions, electronic properties, thermodynamics, and release kinetics of MQ‐GO and MQ‐GO/PEG complexes across different phases and environmental conditions. Results indicate a strong affinity between MQ and both types of nanocarriers, with the adsorption energies ranging from −59.14 to −143.16 kcal mol−1, particularly in acidic environments. This suggests a potential for targeted drug delivery in acidic tumor micro‐environments. The incorporation of PEG, enhances stability and compatibility across phases, with chi interaction parameters of between 1.36 and 28.47, and the energy of mixture values, ranging from 0.80 to 16.86 kcal mol−1. The release time of MQ from the nanocarriers, varies significantly, depending on the adsorption energy, and ranges from 2.03 × 1030 to 6.98 × 1091 milliseconds across different phases, highlighting the need for further optimization of the drug delivery systems. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the design and development of novel nanomedicines, based on MQ and GO nanocarriers, with implications for malaria treatments.
Impact of crop residue removal on crop production, feedstock quality, and theoretical ethanol production in the Mid‐Atlantic United States
Authors: Battaglia Martin L. , Babaei Sirwan , Sadeghpour Amir , Thomason Wade E. , Danish Subhan , Seleiman Mahmoud , Ozlu Ekrem , AL‐Amery Maythem , Fike John H. , Diatta Andre A.
Published: September 2024

Cellulosic biomass‐to‐bioenergy systems provide fuel, reduce emissions, and offer economic benefits. Corn (Zea mays L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) residues could be used as feedstocks for biofuel production. However, the impact of residue removal on crop productivity in the Mid‐Atlantic region has not been thoroughly assessed. A trial was conducted to assess crop yield and quality response to different biomass retention rates in grain cropping systems during 2015–2017. Various combinations of corn stover (0–10 Mg ha−1) and wheat straw (0–3 Mg ha−1) were applied in a corn–wheat/soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation in New Kent, VA. In Blacksburg, VA, corn stover (0–20 Mg ha−1) was applied in the continuous corn system. Residues were applied after grain harvest over two production cycles for each system. Residue retention showed no significant impact on grain or crop residue yields or nutrient uptake in either system. Treatment minimally impacted feedstock quality, except wheat straw's sulfur (S) concentration, optimized at around 70% retention in New Kent. Theoretical ethanol potential (TEP) and yield remained unaffected by total residue rates in New Kent. In Blacksburg, over 2 years, a minimum TEP for corn stover corresponded to a retention rate of approximately 30%. A retention rate of more than 30% increased TEP, likely due to improved feedstock quality. Nutrient replacement costs for primary macronutrients and S uptake ranged from $18.3 to $36.9 ha−1 for corn stover and $6.1 to $11.8 ha−1 for wheat straw. Residue harvest or addition did not harm short‐term biomass yield in Virginia's grain‐based cropping systems.
Impact of species selection on plant community, sod tensile strength, and translocation rooting of a pollinator‐garden sod
Authors: Askew Whitnee B. , Godara Navdeep , Brewer John R. , Gonçalves Clebson G. , Goatley Michael , Askew Shawn D.
Published: September 2024

Interest in pollinator gardens is increasing to address pollinator decline. The establishment of perennial native plants often takes a few years and establishment projects are often lost to competition from unwanted weedy vegetation. Mature sod of pollinator‐serving, native plants that is free of weeds would be highly desirable to conventional turfgrass sod consumers, thus offering a new revenue stream for traditional sod producers. The objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of four foundational species treatments on 3‐year floral biodiversity of pollinator‐serving plants, sod tensile strength, and transplant rooting strength. Results suggest that polycultures of pollinator‐serving forbs can produce a marketable sod with sufficient tensile strength for lifting and translocating and sufficient ability to establish once relocated. Sod tensile strength, however, is insufficient for lifting when the plant community is not grown over plastic or does not contain a high‐shoot density or rhizomatous foundation species such as hard fescue (Festuca longifolia Thuill.) or common yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.). Unfortunately, adding hard fescue or common yarrow markedly reduces the Shannon diversity index and species richness. The force needed to lift transplanted sod after 3 months was 5553 to 6969 N m−2 regardless of foundation species treatment and was numerically higher than the force reported by previous researchers to lift sod of various turfgrass species. Collectively, the data suggest that the best balance between preserving floral biodiversity and maximizing sod handling integrity would be approached by establishing pollinator‐serving forbs alone or with a blend of native grasses over plastic.
Effects of glyphosate on glyphosate‐resistant maize growth and metabolic parameters in the greenhouse and field
Authors: Bidóia Vitor Simionato , da Costa Yanna Karoline Santos , Gratão Priscila Lupino , Carbonari Caio Antonio , Duke Stephen Oscar , de Carvalho Leonardo Bianco
Published: September 2024

The potential adverse effects of glyphosate on glyphosate‐resistant (GR) crops are still a matter of controversy. The effects of glyphosate at recommended application rates (either a single application of 580 g ae ha−1 of glyphosate at stage V5 or a sequential application of 580 + 980 g ae ha−1 at stage V3 and V7, respectively) on growth, mineral content, and metabolic parameters of GR maize (Zea mays) were determined in greenhouse and field studies, each replicated in different years. No effects on any growth parameter (including grain yield), mineral content (leaf and grain), grain starch, crude protein, or total lipids were found. The only significant negative effect was a slight reduction in tyrosine content of leaf tissue with the sequential treatment, however, there was no increase in shikimic or quinic acids in leaf tissue with any treatment. In a separate greenhouse experiment, there was no sign of oxidative stress, as determined by levels of chlorophylls, carotenoids, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content as well as superoxide dismutase and guaiacol peroxidase activities 4 and 8 days after treatment with 1080 g ha−1 glyphosate. In fact, there was a reduction of MDA in roots of glyphosate‐treated plants 4 DAT, indicating reduced oxidative stress. No aminomethylphosphonic acid, the primary degradation product of glyphosate, was found in either leaves or grain of treated plants, and no glyphosate was found in grain of treated plants from the field studies. All the results are consistent with there being no adverse effects of glyphosate on GR maize at recommended application rates.
Lumen‐apposing metal stents provide early and late clinical benefits for the management of benign gastrointestinal strictures: Is there a role for definitive therapy?
Authors: Pollack Ethan , Norwood Dalton , Caceres Hector , Rapaka Babusai , Perry Isaac E. , Barlass Usman , Mitchell Rachel , McCreight Jessica , Peter Shajan , Mulki Ramzi , Ahmed Ali , Kyanam Kondal , Sánchez‐Luna Sergio A.
Published: September 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to characterize the clinical outcomes, safety, and efficacy of lumen‐apposing metal stents (LAMS) in treating benign gastrointestinal strictures.

Methods

A single‐center retrospective review of all patients who underwent LAMS placement for benign strictures from June 2017 to July 2023. Primary outcomes were technical success, early clinical success, late clinical success (LCS), and sustained post‐LAMS clinical success (SPLCS). Secondary outcomes included stent dwell time, stenosis changes, adverse events, reintervention rates, and symptomatology evaluation.

Results

Thirty‐five patients underwent placement of 42 LAMS (74% female, mean age: 54.2 ± 11.7 years). Anastomotic strictures accounted for 64% of cases (N = 27, 45% at the gastrojejunal anastomosis). The median STD was 91.0 days (interquartile range [IQR]: 55.0–132.0). Technical success was obtained in all cases. Early clinical successand LCS were achieved in 80% of cases overall. SPLCS was achieved in 45% (n = 15) of cases. The overall reintervention rate was 63%, with a median time to reintervention being 50.5 days (IQR: 24–105). adverse events occurred in 28% (n = 12) overall, with a 24% migration rate (n = 10). Follow‐up was completed in 83% of cases with a median duration of 629 days (range: 192.0–1297.0). Overall symptom improvement occurred in 79% (n = 27) during indwelling LAMS versus 58% and 56% at 30‐ and 60‐days post‐removal, respectively.

Conclusions

LAMS for benign gastrointestinal strictures are associated with high technical and early clinical success/LCS rates, positive quality‐of‐life metrics, and a tolerable adverse event rate. Overall, recurrence of symptoms and high reintervention rates post‐LAMS removal reinforce the difficulty in managing benign gastrointestinal strictures but also argue for LAMS as a definitive therapy in select cases.
Exploring potential risk factors for lower limb amputation in people with diabetes—A national observational cohort study in Sweden
Authors: Ramstrand Simon , Carlberg Michael , Jarl Gustav , Johannesson Anton , Hiyoshi Ayako , Jansson Stefan
Published: September 2024

Aims

Risk factors for lower limb amputation (LLA) in individuals with diabetes have been under‐studied. We examined how 1/demographic and socioeconomic, 2/medical, and 3/lifestyle risk factors may be associated with LLA in people with newly diagnosed diabetes.

Methods

Using the Swedish national diabetes register from 2007 to 2016, we identified all individuals ≥18 years with an incident diabetes diagnosis and no previous amputation. These individuals were followed from the date of diabetes diagnosis to amputation, emigration, death, or the end of the study in 2017 using data from the In‐Patient Register and the Total Population Register. The cohort consisted of 66,569 individuals. Information about demographic, socioeconomic, medical, and lifestyle risk factors was ascertained around the time of the first recorded diabetes diagnosis, derived from the above‐mentioned registers. Cox proportional hazard models were used to obtain hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results

During the median follow‐up time of 4 years, there were 133 individuals with LLA. The model adjusting for all variables showed a higher risk for LLA with higher age, HR 1.08 (95% CI 1.05–1.10), male sex, HR 1.57 (1.06–2.34), being divorced, HR 1.67 (1.07–2.60), smokers HR 1.99 (1.28–3.09), insulin treated persons HR 2.03 (1.10–3.74), people with low physical activity (PA) HR 2.05 (1.10–3.74), and people with an increased foot risk at baseline HR > 4.12. People with obesity had lower risk, HR 0.46 (0.29–0.75).

Conclusions

This study found a higher risk for LLA among people with higher age, male sex, who were divorced, had a higher foot risk group, were on insulin treatment, had lower PA levels, and were smokers. No significant association was found between risk for LLA and education level, country of origin, type of diabetes, blood glucose level, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, creatinine level, or glomerular filtration rate. Obesity was associated with lower risk for LLA. Identified variables may have important roles in LLA risk among people with diabetes.
Individual joint contributions to forward propulsion during treadmill walking in women with hip osteoarthritis
Authors: Wade Francesca , Huang Chun‐Hao , Foucher Kharma C.
Published: September 2024

As we age, reliance on the ankle musculature for push‐off during walking reduces and increased reliance on the hip musculature is observed. It is unclear how joint pathology like osteoarthritis may affect this distal‐to‐proximal redistribution of propulsion. Here, we revisited a proof‐of‐concept study to study the effect of split‐belt treadmill training, designed to reduce step length asymmetry, on forward propulsion during walking. Eleven women with hip osteoarthritis and five age‐matched control participants walked on an instrumented split‐belt treadmill at their preferred speed (hip osteoarthritis: 0.73 ± 0.11 m/s; controls: 0.59 ± 0.26 m/s). Women with hip osteoarthritis had less ankle power and propulsive force than controls, and greater hip contributions to forward propulsion on their involved limb. Following split‐belt treadmill training, propulsive force increased on the involved limb. Five of 11 participants experienced a change in redistribution ratio that was greater than the minimal clinically meaningful difference. These “responders” had greater variability in pre‐training redistribution ratio compared to non‐responders. Women with hip osteoarthritis had poorer propulsive gait mechanics than controls yet split‐belt treadmill training improved propulsive force. Redistribution ratio also changed in participants with high baseline variability. Our results suggest that split‐belt treadmill training may be beneficial to people with hip osteoarthritis who have high variability in walking parameters. Further, the age‐related shift to increased hip contributions to propulsion across populations of older adults may be due to increased variability during walking.
Dual and opposing role of retinoic acid receptor signaling in mesenchymal stem cells for tendon ossification in mice
Authors: Isaji Masashi , Kondo Shinya , Nakagawa Takahiro , Ishizaka Takahiro , Amako Masatoshi , Chiba Kazuhiro , Horiuchi Keisuke
Published: September 2024

Heterotopic ossification is abnormal bone formation in soft tissues that occurs primarily after injury and major surgery. This condition often causes local pain and limits joint motion in the affected limb. Currently, there is no effective treatment or prophylaxis for this condition other than surgical removal of the lesion. Recent studies suggest that retinoic acid receptor (RAR) agonists are effective in suppressing heterotopic ossification in patients with Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva, a congenital disorder characterized by progressive ossification of soft tissue, by suppressing the aberrant differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in muscle. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the potential use of RAR agonists in suppressing injury‐induced ectopic tendon ossification using a mouse Achilles tenotomy model. Contrary to our initial hypothesis, administration of RAR agonists throughout the experimental period (5 weeks) accelerated ectopic tendon ossification in our model. Of note, in vitro differentiation experiments using tendon‐derived mesenchymal stem cells revealed that RAR agonists play opposing roles in osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation, promoting the former and suppressing the latter. Indeed, we found that RAR agonists suppressed tendon ossification when administered before cartilage nodule formation, but promoted it when administered after. These results suggest that RAR agonists have a dual and opposing effect on tendon ectopic ossification, depending on the duration and timing of their administration. Our data may provide a basis for further investigation of the potential use of RAR agonists in the treatment of injury‐induced heterotopic ossification.
What I was thinking/what I would do differently: Clinical research
Authors: Keane Terence M. , Rauch Sheila A. M. , Bryant Richard A.
Published: September 2024

At the 2023 International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies annual meeting, a panel of three distinguished investigators and clinicians convened to reflect on their careers, their contributions to the field of traumatic stress disorders, and the lessons learned over the years. Dr. Terence M. Keane has guided the development and deployment of evidence‐based care, shaping evaluation guidelines and best treatment practices for traumatic stress pathology. Dr. Sheila Rauch, a pioneer in the development of prolonged exposure therapy, has significantly contributed to the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other traumatic stress disorders. Dr. Richard Bryant has developed targeted psychological treatments for traumatic stress and prolonged grief, adapting to the diverse needs, mechanisms, and cultural contexts of patients. These individuals’ collective experiences span from the establishment of the PTSD diagnosis to the current proliferation of scientific knowledge on its epidemiology, assessment, and treatment. Their unique yet overlapping contributions have provided invaluable guidelines for the next generation of clinicians and investigators. This panel discussion offers a retrospective look at their careers and a forward‐looking perspective on the future of traumatic stress treatment.
Protic Stabilization Engenders High Energy Density and Long Cycle Life in Polyaniline–Zinc Supercapacitors
Authors: Shin Chanho , Lee Eun Hye , Eun Hyeong Ju , Jung Jinwook , Kim Jong H. , Ng Tse Nga
Published: September 2024

The redox activities of polyaniline (PANI) are hindered by the instability of pernigraniline salt (PS) state which degrades into oligo‐aniline. In this work, the use of protic additives is examined to mitigate capacity fading and increase utilization of PANI in nonaqueous electrolytes. The protic additive propylene glycol, with its hydrogen‐bonding capabilities, stabilizes the PS PANI and promotes reversible redox reactions, facilitating high capacity and an extended cycle lifetime for applications in metal ion supercapacitors. The use of this protic nonaqueous electrolyte in a PANI–zinc device results in an energy density of 255 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 1.8 kW kg−1 and a robust cycle lifetime of 3,850 charge/discharge cycles. The PANI at a high current density of 6.5 mA cm−2 reaches a capacity of 257 mAh g−1, equivalent to 87% of the its theoretical capacity, showcasing the effectiveness of the protic additive in improving both capacity and cycle life in electrochemical supercapacitors.
Polyester nanoparticles delivering chemotherapeutics: Learning from the past and looking to the future to enhance their clinical impact in tumor therapy
Authors: Longobardi Giuseppe , Moore Thomas Lee , Conte Claudia , Ungaro Francesca , Satchi‐Fainaro Ronit , Quaglia Fabiana
Published: September 2024

Polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), specifically those comprised of biodegradable and biocompatible polyesters, have been heralded as a game‐changing drug delivery platform. In fact, poly(α‐hydroxy acids) such as polylactide (PLA), poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA), and poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) have been heavily researched in the past three decades as the material basis of polymeric NPs for drug delivery applications. As materials, these polymers have found success in resorbable sutures, biodegradable implants, and even monolithic, biodegradable platforms for sustained release of therapeutics (e.g., proteins and small molecules) and diagnostics. Few fields have gained more attention in drug delivery through polymeric NPs than cancer therapy. However, the clinical translational of polymeric nanomedicines for treating solid tumors has not been congruent with the fervor or funding in this particular field of research. Here, we attempt to provide a comprehensive snapshot of polyester NPs in the context of chemotherapeutic delivery. This includes a preliminary exploration of the polymeric nanomedicine in the cancer research space. We examine the various processes for producing polyester NPs, including methods for surface‐functionalization, and related challenges. After a detailed overview of the multiple factors involved with the delivery of NPs to solid tumors, the crosstalk between particle design and interactions with biological systems is discussed. Finally, we report state‐of‐the‐art approaches toward effective delivery of NPs to tumors, aiming at identifying new research areas and re‐evaluating the reasons why some research avenues have underdelivered. We hope our effort will contribute to a better understanding of the gap to fill and delineate the future research work needed to bring polyester‐based NPs closer to clinical application.

This article is categorized under:

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease

Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies
Students encouraging other students' learning: Leadership shared metacognition in practice
Authors: Hassell‐Goodman Sharrell , Yamanaka Aoi , Athanasiou Janet , Arminio Jan
Published: September 2024

This article discusses the conceptual bridges between the leadership learning framework; specifically, its emphasis on metacognition and social justice advocacy, and explores how leadership education might be revamped. The focus of the article is practicing socially shared metacognition using the American Counseling Association's (ACA) advocacy competencies model. The purpose of the ACA advocacy model is to offer comprehensive advocacy—at individual, group, and community dimensions—with interventions aimed at systematic change. The model stresses creating alliances and working with the community. The article concludes with the practical implications of applying metacognition in leadership education and additional resources. A case example (Kai) is used throughout this article.
Asymptotic analysis of geometrically nonlinear beam vibrations: Kirchhoff and Bolotin equations
Authors: Andrianov Igor V. , Koblik Steve G.
Published: September 2024

The paper analyzes various approximate models of geometrically nonlinear vibrations of a beam. In practice, simplified equations are often based on the quasi‐static Kirchhoff hypothesis—neglecting axial inertia. This hypothesis is justified with the prescribed end‐displacements of the beam in the axial direction. Under dead loading, quasi‐static Kirchhoff hypothesis results in a linear equation. The corresponding approximate equations obtained in this paper are based on the asymptotic procedure. The ratio of bending stiffness to reduced tensile/compressive stiffness is taken as a small parameter. Axial inertia is taken into account in the equation of the first approximation. Introduced by V.V. Bolotin concept “nonlinear inertia” is discussed. The most common errors in using the quasi‐static Kirchhoff hypothesis are analyzed.
Explanatory Capabilities of Large Language Models in Prescriptive Process Monitoring
Authors: Kubrak Kateryna , Botchorishvili Lana , Milani Fredrik , Nolte Alexander , Dumas Marlon
Published: September 2024

Prescriptive process monitoring (PrPM) systems analyze ongoing business process instances to recommend real-time interventions that optimize performance. The usefulness of these systems hinges on users applying the generated recommendations. Thus, users need to understand the rationale behind these recommendations. One way to build this understanding is to enhance each recommendation with explanations. Existing approaches generate explanations consisting of static text or plots, which users often struggle to understand. Previous work has shown that dialogue systems enhance the effectiveness of explanations in recommender systems. Large Language Models (LLMs) are an emerging technology that facilitates the construction of dialogue systems. In this paper, we investigate the applicability of LLMs for generating explanations in PrPM systems. Following a design science approach, we elicit explainability questions that users may have for PrPM outputs, we design a prompting method on this basis, and we conduct an evaluation with potential users to assess their perception of the explanations and their approach to interact with the system. The results indicate that LLMs can help users of PrPM systems to better understand the origin of the recommendations, and to produce recommendations that have sufficient detail and fulfill their expectations. On the other hand, users find that the explanations do not always address the “why” of a recommendation and do not let them judge if they can trust the recommendation.
Efficient learning with projected histograms
Authors: Huang Zhanliang , Kabán Ata , Reeve Henry
Published: September 2024

High dimensional learning is a perennial problem due to challenges posed by the “curse of dimensionality”; learning typically demands more computing resources as well as more training data. In differentially private (DP) settings, this is further exacerbated by noise that needs adding to each dimension to achieve the required privacy. In this paper, we present a surprisingly simple approach to address all of these concerns at once, based on histograms constructed on a low-dimensional random projection (RP) of the data. Our approach exploits RP to take advantage of hidden low-dimensional structures in the data, yielding both computational efficiency, and improved error convergence with respect to the sample size—whereby less training data suffice for learning. We also propose a variant for efficient differentially private (DP) classification that further exploits the data-oblivious nature of both the histogram construction and the RP based dimensionality reduction, resulting in an efficient management of the privacy budget. We present a detailed and rigorous theoretical analysis of generalisation of our algorithms in several settings, showing that our approach is able to exploit low-dimensional structure of the data, ameliorates the ill-effects of noise required for privacy, and has good generalisation under minimal conditions. We also corroborate our findings experimentally, and demonstrate that our algorithms achieve competitive classification accuracy in both non-private and private settings.
Precise Calorimetry of Small Metal Samples Using Noise Thermometry
Authors: Knapp Jan , Levitin Lev V. , Nyéki Ján , Brando Manuel , Saunders John
Published: September 2024

We describe a compact calorimeter that opens ultra-low-temperature heat capacity studies of small metal crystals in moderate magnetic fields. The performance is demonstrated on the canonical heavy fermion metal YbRh$$_{2}$$

2

Si$$_{2}$$

2

. Thermometry is provided by a fast current sensing noise thermometer. This single thermometer enables us to cover a wide temperature range of interest from 175 µK to 90 mK with temperature-independent relative precision. Temperatures are tied to the international temperature scale with a single-point calibration. A superconducting solenoid surrounding the cell provides the sample field for tuning its properties and operates a superconducting heat switch. Both adiabatic and relaxation calorimetry techniques, as well as magnetic field sweeps, are employed. The design of the calorimeter results in an addendum heat capacity which is negligible for the study reported. The keys to sample and thermometer thermalisation are the lack of dissipation in the temperature measurement and the steps taken to reduce the parasitic heat leak into the cell to the tens of fW level.
Promoter of COR2-like gene is a stress inducible regulatory region in banana
Authors: Negi Sanjana , Mahashabde Nikita , Bhakta Subham , Singh Sudhir , Tak Himanshu
Published: September 2024

A promoter is a crucial component in driving the expression of a transgene of interest for biotechnological applications in crop improvement and thus characterization of varied regulatory regions is essential. Here, we identified the promoter of COR2-like (codeinone reductase-like) from banana and characterized its tissue specific and stress inducible nature. MusaCOR2-like of banana is closely related to COR2 and CHR (chalcone reductase) sequences from different plant species and contains signature sequences including a catalytic tetrad typical of proteins with aldo–keto reductase activity. Transcript level of MusaCOR2-like was strongly induced in response to drought, salinity and exposure of signaling molecules such as abscisic acid, methyl-jasmonate and salicylic acid. Induction of MusaCOR2-like under stress strongly correlated with the presence of multiple cis-elements associated with stress responses in the PMusaCOR2-like sequence isolated from Musa cultivar Rasthali. Transgenic tobacco lines harbouring PMusaCOR2-like-GUS displayed visible GUS expression in vascular tissue of leaves and stem while its expression was undetectable in roots under control conditions. Exposure to drought, salinity and cold strongly induced GUS expression from PMusaCOR2-like-GUS in transgenic tobacco shoots in a window period of 3H to 12H. Applications of salicylic acid, methyl-jasmonate, abscisic acid and ethephon also activate GUS in transgenic shoots at different period, with salicylic acid and abscisic acid being the stronger stimulants of PMusaCOR2-like. Using PMusaCOR2-like-GUS fusion and expression profiling, the current study sheds insights into a complex regulation of COR2-like, one of the least studied genes of secondary metabolite pathway in plants.
Differentiation between multifocal CNS lymphoma and glioblastoma based on MRI criteria
Authors: Müller Sebastian Johannes , Khadhraoui Eya , Henkes Hans , Ernst Marielle , Rohde Veit , Schatlo Bawarjan , Malinova Vesna
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Differentiating between glioblastoma (GB) with multiple foci (mGB) and multifocal central nervous system lymphoma (mCNSL) can be challenging because these cancers share several features at first appearance on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The aim of this study was to explore morphological differences in MRI findings for mGB versus mCNSL and to develop an interpretation algorithm with high diagnostic accuracy.

Methods

In this retrospective study, MRI characteristics were compared between 50 patients with mGB and 50 patients with mCNSL treated between 2015 and 2020. The following parameters were evaluated: size, morphology, lesion location and distribution, connections between the lesions on the fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequence, patterns of contrast enhancement, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values within the tumor and the surrounding edema, as well as MR perfusion and susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) whenever available.

Results

A total of 187 mCNSL lesions and 181 mGB lesions were analyzed. The mCNSL lesions demonstrated frequently a solid morphology compared to mGB lesions, which showed more often a cystic, mixed cystic/solid morphology and a cortical infiltration. The mean measured diameter was significantly smaller for mCNSL than mGB lesions (p < 0.001). Tumor ADC ratios were significantly smaller in mCNSL than in mGB (0.89 ± 0.36 vs. 1.05 ± 0.35, p < 0.001). The ADC ratio of perilesional edema was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in mCNSL than in mGB. In SWI / T2*-weighted imaging, tumor-associated susceptibility artifacts were more often found in mCNSL than in mGB (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The lesion size, ADC ratios of the lesions and the adjacent tissue as well as the vascularization of the lesions in the MR-perfusion were found to be significant distinctive patterns of mCNSL and mGB allowing a radiological differentiation of these two entities on initial MRI. A diagnostic algorithm based on these parameters merits a prospective validation.
Contraception Choice for Female Endurance Athletes: What’s Sport Got to Do With It? A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Ryall Stephanie , Ohrling Heidi , Stellingwerff Trent , Black Stephanie , Reilly Kristen , Thornton Jane S.
Published: September 2024

Background

While there are several prescribed contraceptive methods available, limited evidence exists to guide contraceptive decision-making in the context of endurance sport.

Objectives

Study objectives were to characterize current and previous use, perceived impacts, and the decision process around contraceptives in endurance athletes.

Methods

This was an online survey study with female endurance athletes recruited through social media and emails to university/club coaches and sport organizations. Quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and conventional content analysis, respectively.

Results

A total of 323 female endurance athletes participated. Among current contraception users (n = 182), 51% used hormonal intrauterine devices (hIUDs), 29% oral contraceptive pills (OCPs), and 13% nonhormonal IUDs (nhIUDs). hIUD users had the highest perceived positive training (39%) and competition (29%) impacts, citing reduced menstrual bleeding and symptoms as positive side effects. OCP and nhIUD users had higher rates of perceived negative training impacts (OCPs 10%, nhIUDs 30%). For OCP users, 31% reported perceived adverse body composition outcomes and 37% reported negative mood changes. Among nhIUD users, 74% experienced heavier, more irregular menstrual bleeding. Over half of participants were unsure about the impact of their current method on performance. For contraceptive selection, 95% felt that information from physicians was important, yet 32% felt performance was inadequately considered during counseling discussion. Athletes reported less frustration with their contraception choice when counseled in the context of sport.

Conclusions

This exploratory study quantifies and qualifies the lived experiences of female endurance athletes with contraception. hIUDs were the most currently used and well-tolerated contraceptives among participants. This research offers valuable insights for athletes seeking contraception and looking to optimize both performance and health, along with the healthcare professionals guiding them.
ZEB1 Promotes Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Endometrial Epithelial Cells and Plays a Critical Role in Embryo Implantation in Mice
Authors: Xu Zhong , Yang Huan-Huan , Chen Hou-Zhi , Huang Bi-Zhen , Yang Ming , Liao Zhen-Hua , Xiao Bi-Qing , Chen Hong-Qin , Ran Jing
Published: September 2024

Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in carcinogenesis, but its role in embryo implantation has not yet been well studied. In the present study we evaluated the hypothesis that ZEB1-induced EMT is essential for embryo implantation in vivo. Endometrial epithelium from female Kunming mice (non-pregnant, and pregnant from day 2.5 to 6.5) were collected for assessment of mRNA/protein expression of ZEB1, and EMT markers E-cadherin and vimentin, by employment of real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemical staining. To test if knockdown of ZEB1 affects embryo implantation in vivo, mice received intrauterine injection of shZEB1 before the number of embryos implanted was counted. The results showed that, ZEB1 was highly expressed at both mRNA and protein levels in the mouse endometrium on day 4.5 of pregnancy, paralleled with down-regulated E-cadherin and up-regulated vimentin expression (P < 0.05). Intrauterine injection of shZEB1 markedly suppressed embryo implantation in mice (P < 0.01). Conclusively, the present work demonstrated that ZEB1 is essential for embryo implantation under in vivo condition, and is possibly due to its effect on modulation of endometrial receptivity through EMT.