bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Qualitative Assessment Among Personnel Working In Community-Led Development Programme Settings Regarding Sexualized Substance Use
Authors: Marik Binata , Mahajan Nupur , Sarkar Rohit , Mitra Rochana , Dua Rajiv , Aggarwal Sumit
Published: October 2022

Background: Sexualized substance use (SSU) is the practice of psychotropic substance usage, before or during sexual intercourse in order to increase sexual pleasure and arousal. It has a strong association with sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The present study aimed to assess the knowledge gaps regarding SSUs among the community health mobilizers by interviewing them regarding their knowledge, attitudes, and practices through qualitative approach. Methodology: In-depth interviews (IDIs) were conducted with a total of nineteen community health mobilizers engaged in counselling of sexualized substance users. A semi-structured open-ended questionnaire with socio-demographic information and probes related to SSU was administered. Informed consent was taken from each participant prior to data collection. Results: Gender-wise distribution indicated that 47% of the community mobilizers are men, followed by transgender persons (32%), and women (21%). Responses of participants highlighted that alcohol consumption was the most observed form of SSU. The findings indicated that drug administration through injection was most common, followed by sniffing and swallowing. Sources of drug pro-curement enlisted by participants included peddlers, peer groups, sexual parties, medical and liquor stores. Only 63% of participants had fair knowledge about STIs such as HIV, viral hepatitis, syphilis, and gonorrhoea. All were familiar with the administration of naloxone injections and the locations of nearby hospitals where patients could be transported in the event of an overdose. Conclusions: The in-depth interviews among the study participants reflected substantial know-ledge gaps related to various areas associated with SSU, which highlights the need for periodic workshops and training for upgradation of existing knowledge and practices among community health mobilizers. This will help to broaden their knowledge of different types of SSUs, the latest substances of abuse, the diseases caused by high-risk sexual practices, and additional health and psychological issues associated with SSUs, which would ultimately help in better counseling and management of sexualized substance users. It may also play a crucial role in the strengthening of capacity-building systems and engagements at the community level. This study may be used as formative research by researchers and policy makers to develop study protocols for multi-centric community-based studies among community health mobilizers and sexualized substance users across the country for further validation and exploration.
Sustainability of C-Reactive Protein (CRP) Apheresis in Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) - Results from a Supplementary Data Analysis of the Explorative CAMI-1 Study
Authors: Skarabis Horst , Torzewski Jan , Ries Wolfgang , Heigl Franz , Garlichs Christoph D. , Kunze Rudolf , Sheriff Ahmed
Published: October 2022

In the multicenter, non-randomized, exploratory C-reactive protein (CRP) Apheresis in Myocardial Infarction (CAMI-1) study, CRP apheresis after ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) significantly decreased blood CRP concentrations in humans. Cardiac damage was assessed by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR1) 3-9 d after onset of STEMI symptoms and quantified by myocardial infarct size (IS; %), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF; %), circumferential strain (CS) and longitudinal strain (LS) Compared with the control group (n=34), cardiac damage was significantly lower in the apheresis group (n=32). These findings suggested improved wound healing due to CRP apheresis already within few days after the STEMI event. In the current supplementary data analysis of CAMI-1, we have tested by a follow-up CMR (CMR2) after an average of 88 (65-177) d whether the effect of CRP apheresis is clinically maintained. After this time period wound healing in STEMI is considered complete. Whereas patients with low CRP production and a CRP gradient cut off of <0.6 mg/L/h in the hours after STEMI (9 of 32 patients in the CRP apheresis group) did not significantly benefit from CRP apheresis in CMR2, patients with high CRP production and a CRP gradient cut off of >0.6 mg/L/h (23 of 32 patients in the CRP apheresis group) showed significant treatment benefit. In the latter patients, CMR2 revealed a lower IS (-5.4%; p=0.05), a better LVEF (+6.4%; p=0.03), and an improved CS (-6.1%; p=0.005). No significant improvement, however, was observed for LS (-2.9%; p=0.1). These data suggest a sustained positive effect of CRP apheresis on the heart physiology in STEMI patients with high CRP production well beyond the period of its application. The data demonstrate the sustainability of the CRP removal from plasma which is associated with less scar tissue.
Evaluation of methods for collecting mosquitoes (Culicidae: Diptera) in canopy and ground strata in the Brazilian Savanna.
Authors: Mucci Luis F. , Bergo Eduardo S. , De Deus Juliana Telles , Reginato Simone Luchetta , Pereira Mariza , Camargo-Neves Vera L. F. de
Published: October 2022

The hand-net is the standard method for capturing mosquitoes with sylvatic diurnal activity in disease outbreaks in Brazil. However, occupational risks and biases related to the collectors´ abilities and attractiveness are important limitations. In this study, we compared hand-nets with automatic traps (CDC) associated to CO2 and BG-Lure®, in the Vassununga State Park, a Brazilian Savanna protection area. The collections carried out over 27 days, on the ground and the forest canopy. A total of 1,555 mosquitoes were obtained in 20 taxa. The diversity index ranged between 1.12 and 1.79 and the dominance index, from 0.22 to 0.40. The dominant species in the ground was Aedes scapularis (46.0%) and in the canopy, Hg. janthinomys/capricornii (31.9%). Haemagogus leucocelaenus was rare (n=2). The hand-net resulted in the greatest diversity and abundance of species in both strata, followed by traps associated with CO2. A low degree of similarity was observed between the hand-net on the ground compared to the other capture methods. The use of BG-Lure® alone resulted in a low number of specimens. In conclusion, the hand-net is still the method of choice for collecting arbovirus vectors in the diurnal period, especially yellow fever vectors.
Acetaminophen Causes Neurodevelopmental Injury in Susceptible Babies and Children: No Valid Rationale for Controversy
Authors: Zhao Lisa , Jones John P. , Anderson Lauren G. , Konsoula Zacharoula , Nevison Cynthia D. , Reissner Kathryn J. , Parker William
Published: October 2022

Evidence that early life exposure to acetaminophen causes neurodevelopmental injury in susceptible children has mounted for more than a decade. Evidence is diverse, including extensive work with laboratory animals, otherwise unexplained associations, factors associated with the metabolism of acetaminophen, and some limited studies in humans. Although evidence has reached an overwhelming level and has been reviewed in detail recently, some controversy remains. In this narrative review, some of those controversies are evaluated. First, the associations through time between acetaminophen use and the prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders are considered. A systematic review reveals that the use of acetaminophen in the pediatric population was never tracked carefully, but historical events that affected use of the drug were documented and are sufficient to establish apparent correlations with changes in the prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders. Second, problems with exclusive reliance on results from meta-analyses of large datasets and from studies involving small time frames of drug exposure are reviewed. Third, the potential bias in a study designed to separate the role of vaccines and acetaminophen in the induction of autism spectrum disorder (Autism 2008;12:293-307) is carefully evaluated. Finally, evidence demonstrating why some children are susceptible to acetaminophen-induced neurodevelopmental injury is examined. It is concluded that, at least among the factors considered, there is no valid rationale for controversy regarding the conclusion that early life exposure to acetaminophen causes neurodevelopmental injury in susceptible babies and small children.
Estimation of Above Ground Volume of Mangrove Forest Trees from Terrestrial LiDAR Data using Supervised Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Adimoolam Yeshwanth , Pillai Nithin D. , Lakshmanan Gnanappazham , Mishra Deepak , Dadhwal Vinay Kumar
Published: October 2022

Accurately quantifying the above-ground volume (AGV) and thus above-ground biomass (AGB) of forest stands is an important aspect in the conservation of mangrove ecosystem owing to their ecological and economic benefits. However, the number of studies focusing on quantifying mangrove forests’ biomass has been relatively low due to their marshy terrain, making exploratory studies challenging. In recent times, the use of LiDAR technologies in forest inventory studies has become increasingly popular, due to the reliability of LiDAR as a highly accurate means of 3D spatial data acquisition. In this study, we propose an end-to-end methodology for estimating AGV of mangrove forest stands from terrestrial LiDAR data. Many of the recent studies on this topic effectively employ machine learning algorithms such as multi layer perceptron, random forests, etc. for filtering foliage in the point cloud data of single trees. This study further extends that approach by incorporating the impact of class imbalance of forest point cloud data in a weighted random forest classifier. For the task of segmentation of wood/foliage points in a single tree point cloud, this approach yielded an average increase of 2.737% in the balanced accuracy score, 0.007 in the Cohen’s kappa score, 2.745% in the ROC AUC score and 0.857% in the F1 score. For the task of AGV estimation of a single tree, this approach resulted in an average coefficient of determination of 0.93 with respect to the ground truth volumes. For the task of counting pneumatophores in a plot-level point cloud, the proposed breadth-first searching method yielded an average coefficient of determination of 0.9391. Also, the machine learning classifier and geometric features used in this study were invariant to tree species and hence could be generalised for the classification of point clouds of other tree species as well. Finally, a breadth-first graph-search segmentation based approach is also proposed as part of this pipeline to estimate the contribution of pneumatophores to the AGB of mangrove forest stands. Since pneumatophores are a special adaptation of mangrove forests for gaseous exchange in marshy environments, this study aims to incorporate the detection and AGB estimation of pneumatophores in the inventory of mangrove forest stands. Studying the contribution of pneumatophores to the AGB of mangrove forest plots could also aid future mangrove forest inventory studies in modeling the underlying root network and estimating the below-ground biomass of mangrove trees.
IndShaker: A Knowledge-based Approach to Enhance Multi-perspective System Dynamics Analysis
Authors: Pileggi Salvatore Flavio
Published: October 2022

Decision making as a result of system dynamics analysis requires, in practice, a straightforward and systematic modelling capability as well as a high-level of customisation and flexibility to adapt to situations and environments that may vary very much from each other. While in general terms a completely generic approach could be not as effective as ad-hoc solutions, the proper application of modern technology may facilitate agile strategies as a result of a smart combination of qualitative and quantitative aspects. In order to address such a complexity, we propose a knowledge-based approach that integrates the systematic computation of heterogeneous criteria with open semantics. The holistic understanding of the framework is described by a reference architecture and the proof-of-concept prototype developed can support high-level system analysis, as well as it suitable within a number of applications contexts - i.e. as a research/educational tool, communication framework, gamification and participatory modelling. Additionally, the knowledge-based philosophy, developed upon Semantic Web technology, increases the capability in terms of holistic knowledge building and re-use via interoperability. Last but not least, the framework is designed to constantly evolve in the next future, for instance by incorporating more advanced AI-powered features.
Hubungan Pola Komunikasi Penyuluh Pertanian Lapangan (PPL) dengan Penerapan Teknik Budidaya Sayuran Sawi di Kecamatan Paal Merah Kota Jambi
Authors: Widyaningrum Anty , Jamaludin Jamaludin , Kurniasih Siti
Published: October 2022

Agricultural extension activities are one of the efforts to change farmers' behaviour and develop farmers, including knowledge, skills and attitudes. This is done to realize agricultural development where one of the goals is to increase productivity. The objectives of this study are 1) knowing the communication patterns carried out by field agricultural extension workers, 2) knowing the level of application of mustard cultivation technology, and 3) knowing the relationship between communication patterns and the application of mustard cultivation techniques. This research was carried out in Paal Merah Sub-district and the Lingkar Selatan Village of Jambi City. The selection of the site was made deliberately. The sample in this study was 53 mustard farmers in both villages. This study used descriptive analysis and correlation analysis with the Spearman Rank method. The results showed that the communication patterns carried out were one-way communication patterns, two-way communication patterns, and multi-directional communication patterns. As a result, 92.45% of mustard farmers are at the level of application of high category mustard cultivation techniques, and 7.55% are in a low category. Based on the results of spearman rank analysis, it is known that the pattern of one-way communication is not related to the level of application of mustard cultivation techniques; the relationship category is weak and has a negative direction. On the other hand, the two-way and multi-directional communication patterns are related to the degree of application of mustard cultivation techniques, including the category of strong relationships and having a positive direction.
Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Keuntungan Usaha Tani Tembakau di Kecamatan Manisrenggo Kabupaten Klaten
Authors: Rachmanindita Zurinda Adkha , Handayani Sugiharti Mulya , Rahayu Wiwit
Published: October 2022

The agricultural sector, especially plantations, has entered the business world that considers profit in its activities. One of them is tobacco farming in Manisrenggo Sub-district, Klaten Regency. This study aims to determine the costs, revenues, income, and profits of tobacco farming, and what factors affect the profits of tobacco farming in Manisrenggo Sub-district, Klaten Regency. The method used in this research is descriptive analytical purposive location determination, and sampling using random sampling method. The data were analyzed by farming and multiple linear regression. The results showed that the average revenue from tobacco farming was IDR22,377,755.40 per planting period per ha, the total cost was IDR12,486,217.36 per planting period per ha, the income was IDR12,023,202.48 per planting period per ha, and the profit was IDR9,974,588.43 per planting period per ha. Factors that have a significant effect on the profits of tobacco farming are land area and production costs with positive coefficient values. The level of education has a negative and significant effect on the profits of tobacco farming.
Pengaruh Ekuitas Merek dan Atribut Produk terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Konsumen Gula Pasir di Pasar Swalayan Kota Surakarta
Authors: Mulyo Tirto , Rahayu Endang Siti , Riptanti Erlyna Wida
Published: October 2022

White sugar is one of the beverage ingredients with the highest amount of consumption in Indonesia. This is based on drinking habits and processed foods that use granulated sugar. The large selection of brands and product attributes offered by the company gives people the option to buy white sugar products they want. Consumers have to make decisions in every purchase of white sugar products. This study aims to find out the characteristics of white sugar consumers in Surakarta City supermarkets, analyze the influence of brand awareness/associations, perception of quality, and brand loyalty to brand equity in white sugar consumers in Surakarta City supermarkets, and analyze the influence of brand equity and product attributes on purchasing decisions in white sugar consumers in Surakarta City supermarkets. This research used descriptive method of analytics with a non-probability sampling method using 150 respondents. The method of data collection using interview method with questionnaire. Data analysis using structural equation modeling (SEM) methods with SmartPLS 3.3.3 software. The results showed that white sugar consumers in Surakarta City supermarkets were dominated by 17-30 years old, female gender, undergraduate education level, income of Rp1,500,001.00-Rp3,000,000.00 per month, family members 4 people, the amount of consumption 1.1-5 kg per month, with the gulaku white sugar brand. A significant variable affecting brand equity in white sugar consumers in Surakarta supermarkets is the perception of quality and brand loyalty. The brand awareness variable does not have a significant influence.
Pemberdayaan Guru SMK Melalui Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Aplikasi Media Augmented Reality
Authors: Efendi Agus , Wihidayat Endar Suprih , Basori Basori , Maryono Dwi
Published: October 2022

Learning using the help of technological media is one of the exciting and considered effective learning methods where students can learn anywhere and anytime with the help of smartphones. In addition, learning in fields that require experience or more imagination in the material studied has its difficulties, such as how it works. The learning experience of vocational school students is primarily determined by the learning experience of educators/teachers. Debriefing teachers' ability to design, develop, and apply Augmented Reality (AR)-based multimedia as a learning medium is essential in increasing the attractiveness and enthusiasm of students in learning so that learning outcomes become more effective. Teacher knowledge of innovative learning technology through the application of Augmented Reality in learning innovation is essential, especially in the ability to design and practical skills of Augmented Reality applications are needed. The Augmented Reality-based application training aims to equip teachers of SMK Negeri 2 Karanganyar, especially in developing their learning media by applying more innovative and creative Augmented Reality software applications. The results from this activity show that Vocational school teachers have a reasonably competent and professional potential to develop more creative and innovative learning through a participatory training model approach. All vocational school teachers have a good competency achievement category of 85.6%. Vocational school teachers are pretty creative and innovative enough to have fulfilled the entirely professional category according to their expertise.
WITHDRAWN: Morphometry of Foramen Magnum by Using Post-Mortem Computed Tomography (PMCT) for Discriminant Analysis of Sex and Population Affinity among Malaysian Population
Authors: Lai Poh Soon , Wong Yi-Li , Noor Mohamad Helmee Mohamad , Ibrahim Mohamad Azaini
Published: October 2022

Background
Foramen magnum dimensions could be evaluated for discriminant function analysis of sex estimation and population affinity estimation by using post mortem computed tomography (PMCT) images in a Malaysian population-based study.
Methods
Retrospective cross-sectional study with a convenient sample of 300 Malaysian adult PMCT skulls were conducted. Standardized morphometric evaluation of two foramen magnum parameters i.e. foramen magnum anterior posterior diameter (FMAPD) and transverse diameter (FMTD) were performed. Statistical analyses included independent t-test, ANOVA, univariate and multivariate analyses together with discriminant function analyses were performed in this study.
Results
There were substantial significant differences of FMTD and FMAPD between sexes within respective population affinity. The foramen magnum morphometry of males was relatively larger than females. There were relatively significant differences of FMTD between population affinities. The multivariate analysis showed that there were also generally sufficient significant differences of FMAPD between population affinities. The morphometry of foramen magnum among Chinese was generally larger than those in Malay and Indian.
Conclusions
Morphometry of foramen magnum had stronger discriminant function in sex estimation with 60% accuracy as compared to population affinity estimation at only 40.7% accuracy. This study had shown the FMTD and FMAPD could be the potential discriminators in sex estimation among Malaysian population especially whenever other sex dimorphism indicators not available for investigation.
Interference Patterns Within a Circular Boundary
Authors: Korula Aswan
Published: October 2022

In this paper we conduct a simple experiment wherein we create a wave within a circular container and analyse the interference patterns generated by the reflections from the boundary. In doing so we observe constructive interference in positions in space where our current wave theory predicts noise. This result demonstrates that in the particular situation presented here, the velocities of a wave before and after reflection from a solid boundary, are unequal. Analysing these peculiar events, I present a rebuttal to the Special Theory of Relativity by the method of reductio ad absurdum.
Fused Lasso Logistic Matrix Regression Method for Multi- Source Data Fusion of Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Xu Xiang , Cao Yiyun , Xiao Wentao , Zhang Zhengyong
Published: October 2022

Raman spectrometer has a broad application prospect in the identification of dairy products quality. The diversity of measuring instruments makes the spectral data present multi-source. Multi-source data can provide more accurate information than single-source data by supporting, supplementing and correcting each other. How to fuse spectral data from different sources is a valuable research problem. In this paper, the Fused Lasso Logistic Matrix Regression (FLLMR) model is proposed for multi-source spectral data fusion, and a fast-iterative algorithm is designed by using Auxiliary Problem Principle (APP). The iterative process of the algorithm has a simple closed form. In order to verify the validity of the model and algorithm, we used 10 spectrometers to collect Raman spectral data of two kinds of dairy products respectively. Then, we used FLLMR method to perform fusion and discriminant analysis on the collected data. Experimental results show that the FLLMR method can effectively process multi-source Raman spectral data, and the model results have good interpretation. On the other hand, experiments verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Obtaining Wear-Resistant Coatings Based on Titanium Nitride by the Method of Hypersonic Metallization
Authors: Grigorchik Aleksandr , Kukareko Vladimir , Belotserkovsky Marat , Sosnovsky Aleksey
Published: October 2022

The structure, phase composition and properties of thermal sprayed coatings made of Ti-4Ali titanium alloy and «Ti-4Al + AISI420» pseudoalloy obtained by hypersonic metallization have been studied. It is shown that the deposited coatings include in the phase composition a large amount of titanium nitride TiN (up to 70 vol.%), which is formed during the metallization process. The porosity of the sprayed coatings from titanium alloy Ti-4Al is 30–35 vol. %, and their hardness and microhardness are 500–650 HV 1 and 1300–1600 HV 0.1, respectively. Coatings made of pseudo-alloy «Ti-4Al + AISI420» have a reduced porosity of 10–15 vol. %, and their hardness and microhardness are 500–600 HV 1 and 900–1300 HV 0.1, respectively. It is shown that coatings made of Ti-4Al alloy and «Ti-4Al + AISI420» pseudoalloy are characterized by increased wear resistance under friction without lubricant.
A Prediction Risk Score for HIV among Adolescent Girls and Young women in South Africa: Identifying those in need of HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis
Authors: Moyo Reuben Christopher , Govindasamy Darshini , Manda Samuel , Nyasulu Peter Suwilakwenda
Published: October 2022

Background
In sub-Saharan Africa, adolescent girls, and young women (AGYW) are among those at the highest risk of acquiring HIV. Risk factors for HIV in AGYM are well studied and known in the literature. However, there is need to combine these factors into a single summary measure that could be used in the identification of the AGYW who are more likely to acquire HIV. This study aimed at developing and validating an HIV risk prediction tool for AGYW.
Methods
We analyzed existing HIV-related data on 4,399 AGYW from South Africa. The HIV risk scores were computed from summing predictor coefficients of the resulting logistic regression model. The performance of the final model at discriminating between HIV infected and non-HIV infected AGYM was assessed using area under the receiver-operating curve (AUC) and measures of discriminative abilities such as predictive values, sensitivity, and specificity. The optimal cut-point of the risk score was determined using youden index.
Results
The weighted HIV prevalence was estimated at 12.4% (11.7–14.0). Our risk scores ranged from − 1.26 to 3.80 with a mean score of 1.38 and a standard deviation of 0.86. The optimal cut-point was estimated at 1.80 with sensitivity of 62% and specificity of 70%. The prediction model’s sensitivity was 15.19% and specificity of 98.92%. The model’s positive predictive value was 67.42% while the negative predictive value was 88.79%. Our model performed well at predicting HIV positivity with training AUC of 0.770 and a testing AUC of 0.751.
Conclusion
Our risk score tool has shown good discrimination and calibration at predicting undiagnosed HIV. This tool could provide a simple and low-cost strategy for screening AGYW in primary health care clinics or community-based settings. The risk assessment tool will help service providers identify and link AGYW to PreP services.
Models of Integration of TB and HIV Services and Factors associated with Perceived Quality of TB-HIV integrated Service Delivery in OR Tambo District, South Africa
Authors: Dlatu Ntandazo , Longo-Mbenza Benjamin , Apalata Teke
Published: October 2022

Background
Tuberculosis is the leading infectious cause of death among people living with HIV. Reducing morbidity and mortality from HIV-associated TB requires strong collaboration between TB and HIV services at all levels with full-integrated people-centred models of care.
Methods
This is a qualitative study design using principles of ethnography and application of the aggregate complexity theory. A total of 54 individual interviews with health care workers and patients took place in 5 primary healthcare facilities in O.R Tambo district. The participants were purposively selected until data reached saturation point, and all interviews were tape-recorded. Quantitative analysis of qualitative data was used after coding ethnographic data, looking for emerging patterns, and counting the number of times a qualitative code occurred. A Likert scale was used to assess perceived quality of TB/HIV integration. Regression models and canonical discriminant analysis were used to explore the associations between perceived quality of TB and HIV integrated service delivery and independent predictors of interest using SPSS® version 23.0 (Chicago, IL) considering a type I error of 0.05.
Result
Of the 54 participants, 39 (72.2%) reported that TB and HIV services were partially integrated while 15 (27.8%) participants reported that TB/HIV services were fully integrated. Using Likert scale gradient, 23 (42.6%) participants perceived quality of integrated TB/HIV services as poor while 13 (24.1%) and 18 (33.3%) perceived quality of TB/HIV integrated services as moderate and excellent, respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the access to healthcare services was significantly and independently associated with the perceived quality of integrated TB/HIV services following the equation: Y = 3.72–0.06X (adjusted R2 = 23%, p-value = 0.001). Canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) showed that in all 5 municipal facilities, long distances to healthcare facilities leading to reduced access to services were significantly more likely to be the most impeding factor which is negatively influencing the perceived quality of integrated TB/HIV services with functions’ coefficients ranging from 9.175 in Mhlontlo to 16.514 in KSD (Wilk’s Lambda = .750, p = .043).
Conclusion
HIV and TB integration is inadequate with limited accessibility. Full integration (one-stop shop services) is recommended.
Socioeconomic and Gender Effects of Climate Change and its Adaptation Strategies in Different Agro-ecologies of Sidama Region, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Addis Endalew , Haile Hirut Bekele , Bekele Mulugeta
Published: October 2022

This study examined socio-economic and gender effects of climate change and its adaptation strategies in lowland, midland and highland agro-ecologies of Sidama Region in Ethiopia. A mixed research approach with secondary data analysis, key informant interview, focus group discussion, field observations and survey research is employed to collect data. A total of 700 households selected randomly and proportionately after stratifying households by wealth ranking into poor, medium and model farmers in each kebele. Subsequently, qualitative information is analyzed using thematic and content analysis whereas quantitative data is analyzed using descriptive statistics by STATA Software. Secondary data is also analyzed using thematic analysis and descriptive statistics. The results showed that there is climate change and it has effects on livelihood, food, water, and energy securities. Accordingly, climate change affects all livelihood capitals, and it causes both transient and chronic food insecurity in the study areas. Moreover, there is gender differentiated vulnerability since livelihood assets are still under the control of males. Furthermore, in intra-household analysis women differently affected by food, water and energy insecurities since they are expected to fulfil food, water and energy demands of the household. To address these effects, soil and water conservation, changing crop varieties, intercropping, changing planting date, water harvesting, irrigation, livestock diversification, livelihood diversification, and migration are practiced as adaptation strategies. Thus there should be appropriate and gender sensitive policies, local institutions, and public participation to minimize the socio-economic and gender effects of climate change and optimize the practice and efficiency of adaptation strategies.
A novel approach to model water saturation in shaly sandstone petroleum reservoirs
Authors: Mohamed Omar , Abdulaziz Abdulaziz
Published: October 2022

Water saturation is a very important parameter in both the technical and commercial evaluation of petroleum reservoirs. Estimating water saturation in shaly sandstone reservoirs is considered one of the most challenging tasks in formation evaluation and petrophysics. Complexities arise from shale properties and composition as well as the pluralism of independent approaches and methods used in calculating water saturation. The problem is that these different approaches most of the time somehow result in different values of water saturation leading to under-estimation or over-estimation of the volumes of original oil in place (OOIP) and original gas in place (OGIP). The main challenge is resolving and understanding the differences between the water saturation values obtained using different approaches, and to arrive at the most accurate estimation of water saturation as well as its distribution throughout the reservoir. There are numerous shaly sandstone estimation models which are used frequently. These models can be divided into two main groups where the shale term of the first group is based mainly on shale volume while the other group depends on electric double layer effect. However, both approaches have drawbacks and limitations and don’t always give accurate results. This paper presents a novel hybrid approach between Vsh and EDL based models to determine water saturation in shaly sandstone reservoirs using well logs only and at the time is based on physical facts and reflects real current flow paths. This new approach was applied to three well logging datasets and the results were compared to that of counterpart existing models widely used in the oil and gas industry. Core analysis water saturation values were used as a baseline to validate the accuracy of the new model compared to counterpart models and the results were discussed. The new model is a series conductivity model which is solely based on well logs eliminating the need for any time-consuming and costly experiments. The results were promising and the new approach’s water saturation values showed great potential and consistency with core-derived water saturation values.
Residents' Cognition and Knowledge Demand of Mental Disorders: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Shandong, China
Authors: Lyu Juncheng , Shi Hong , Zhang Yilin , Lu Pengyi
Published: October 2022

Background
There is little literature reported the public resident’s cognition and knowledge demand of mental disorders in China. This study aimed to investigate the residents' cognition and knowledge demand for mental disorders in Shandong China, so as to provide reference for promoting the social publicity and education of mental disorders.
Methods
A population-based cross-sectional study (N = 1302) on cognition and knowledge demand of mental disorders was carried out in Shandong, China. The adult residents (≥ 18 years old) were selected from Weifang, Linyi, Taian, Qingdao, Zibo and Rizhao City of Shandong Province by stratified random sampling from October 2021 to March 2022. The cognition status and knowledge demand of mental disorder questionnaire designed by us was used to investigate. or M (Q) were used to describe quantitative data, n (%) was used to describe the qualitative data and the Chi-square method was adopted to compare the differences of qualitative data.
Results
There were 51.69% males and 48.31% females. Most of residents were insufficient cognition of mental disorders. 26.88% of the sample knew the disease burden of mental disorders. 31.49% of the residents knew the World Mental Health Day. The correct rate of residents' answers to mental disorders was unsatisfactory. Residents were less familiar with the related policies to mental disorders. There were 60.75% of the residents needs the knowledge of mental health.
Conclusion
The residents’ cognition of mental disorders, the policies and regulations of mental disorders are relatively lacking in Shandong China. Knowledge demands of mental disorders are urgent in Shandong China. It is necessary to strengthen the propaganda and education to residents so as to improve their literacy on mental health.
Blind study site assessment of shear-wave velocity at Kumamoto City, Japan, using direct-fitting SPAC methods
Authors: asten michael , Askan Aysegul , Karimzadeh Shaghayegh
Published: October 2022

The study used data acquired by the ESG6 Blind Prediction Step BP1 Working Group, for purposes of facilitating a comparison of interpretation methods for obtaining shear-wave velocity profiles (Vs) from array observations of microtremor (passive seismic) noise. This work uses the direct-fitting MMSPAC method and the krSPAC method on passive seismic data supplied from four seven-station nested triangular arrays with apertures ranging from 1 m to 962 m, located within Kumamoto City, Japan. The data allows a useful frequency range of 38 Hz down to 0.3 Hz, giving depth sensitivities from 2 m to > 1000 m. Results are presented as a seven-layer model which has time-averaged shear wave velocities for top 30m and 300m of Vs30=189 m/s and Vs300=584 m/s, respectively. HVSR spectra show two significant peaks at 1.2 and 0.35 Hz which are indicative of major Vs contrasts at depths 26 m and 750 m. The MMSPAC method (and its krSPAC variant) also proved viable on one asymmetric array where four of the seven stations were corrupted by incoherent low-frequency noise. Indications of a lateral variation in Vs could be detected due to the non-concentric geometry of the four arrays, and also from variations in HVSR spectra at stations of the largest array. Further analysis in step 4 of the blind trials, making use of geological data and a Preferred model supplied to participants, showed apparent discrepancies between the Preferred and our BP1 model for the upper 40 m where a supplied PS log appears to be inconsistent with geological data and the blind BP1 model. At low frequencies 0.5–2.5 Hz dispersion data and the BP1 model suggest that use of the Rayleigh effective mode is superior to use of the fundamental mode in deducing the Vs model at depths below 100 m. The method of direct-fitting of model and observed SPAC spectra used in MMSPAC also enabled use of a bandwidth 0.5–38 Hz for interpretation, which is a wider bandwidth than that achieved by other participants for use of passive seismic data alone.
Impact of Augmented Reality Technology on Osteotomy Site Preparation for Apical Location: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Torres Paulina Rodríguez , Madroño Esther Cáceres , Zubizarreta-Macho Álvaro , Pérez María Bufalá , Catalán Agustín Galparsoro , Buró Susana de la Vega , Deglow Elena Riad , Montero Sofía Hernández
Published: October 2022

To evaluate and compare the accuracy of an augmented reality appliance versus the conventional free-hand method on preparation of an osteotomy site for apical location. Sixty (60) preparations of osteotomy sites were randomly divided among two study groups, A. Augmented reality appliance (AR) (n = 30); and B. Conventional free-hand method (FHM) (n = 30). A cone-beam computed tomography scan and intraoral scan were taken prior to the procedure and imported into specialized implant‑planning software for virtual planning of apical location osteotomy site preparations. The teeth of each experimental model were then automatically segmented in the 3D implant planning software to enable full visualization of the teeth with the augmented reality appliance. Then, a postoperative CBCT scan was performed after performing the preparations for apical location. Afterwards, the datasets were uploaded to a therapeutic planning software to analyze the deviations at coronal, apical and angular level. Results were statistically analyzed using the Mann-Whitney non-parametric-test. No statistically significant differences were found between the AR and FHM study group at the coronal entry-point deviations (p = 0.1335), apical end-point deviations (p = 0.2401), and angular deviations (p = 0.4849). The augmented reality technique was slightly more accurate than the conventional free-hand method when preparing the osteotomy site for apical location.
Anomaly detection and virtual reality visualisation in supercomputers
Authors: Pérez David Mulero , Benavent-Lledo Manuel , Azorin-Lopez Jorge , Marcos-Jorquera Diego , Garcia-Rodriguez Jose
Published: October 2022

Anomaly detection is the identification of events or observations that deviate from the expected behaviour of a given set of data. Its main application is the prediction of possible technical failures. In particular, anomaly detection on supercomputers is a difficult problem to solve due to the large scale of the systems and the large number of components. Most research works in this field employ machine learning methods and regression models in a supervised fashion, which implies the need for a large amount of labelled data to train such systems. This work proposes the use of autoencoder models, allowing the problem to be approached with semi-supervised learning techniques. Two different model training approaches are compared. The former is a model trained with data from all the nodes of a supercomputer. In the latter approach, observing significant differences between nodes, one model is trained for each node. The results are analysed by evaluating the positive and negative aspects of each approach. On the other hand, a replica of the Marconi 100 supercomputer is developed in a virtual reality environment that allows the data from each node to be visualised at the same time.
Topographic representation of current and future threats in the nociceptive amygdala
Authors: Bowen Anna , Huang Waterlily , Chen Jane , Pauli Jordan , Campos Carlos , Palmiter Richard
Published: October 2022

Adaptive behaviors arise from an integration of current sensory context and internal representations of past experiences. The central amygdala (CeA) is positioned as a key integrator of cognitive and affective signals, yet it remains unknown whether individual populations simultaneously carry current- and future-state representations. We find that a primary nociceptive population within the CeA of mice, defined by CGRP-receptor (Calcrl) expression, receives topographic sensory information, with spatially defined representations of internal and external stimuli. While Calcrl+ neurons in both the rostral and caudal CeA respond to noxious stimuli, rostral neurons promote locomotor responses to externally sourced threats, while caudal CeA Calcrl+ neurons are activated by internal threats and promote passive coping behaviors and associative valence coding. During associative fear learning, rostral CeA Calcrl+ neurons stably encode noxious stimulus occurrence, while caudal CeA Calcrl+ neurons acquire predictive responses. This arrangement supports valence-aligned representations of current and future threats for the generation of adaptive behaviors.
ARIMA Model Analysis of the Regularities of Earthquake Origin Times in the Longmen Mountain Fault Zone
Authors: Yuan Xue , Dan Hu , Qiuyin Ye , Wenjun Zeng , Min Rao , Jing Yang
Published: October 2022

Based on earthquake catalog data from the Longmen Mountain fault zone over the past 10 years, we constructed series of earthquake origin time intervals by grouping according to the magnitude (M) and use the ARIMA model for analysis with a 9:1 ratio of fitting-training and prediction-verification data. We found that the series of both M ≥ 2.5 and M ≥ 3.0 showed the variation of nesting with short, medium and long periods. By further predictive verification and comparative analysis, the optimal prediction models for each series were obtained: ARIMA(10,2,1)×(0,1,1)20 direct prediction model for series of M ≥ 2.5, ARIMA(8,2,1)×(0,1,1)40 rolling prediction model for M ≥ 3.0, and ARIMA(1,2,3)×(0,1,1)3 rolling prediction model for M ≥ 4.5. The predicted results suggested that the seismicity of the Longmen Mountain fault zone has a recent gradually weakening trend. This analysis process provides an effective reference and method for studying the time regularities of tectonic earthquake occurrence.
Efficient GPU Cloud architectures for outsourcing high-performance processing to the Cloud
Authors: Maciá-Lillo Antonio , Ribes Víctor Sánchez , Mora Higinio , Jimeno-Morenilla Antonio
Published: October 2022

The world is becoming increasingly dependant in computing intensive appliances. The appearance of new paradigms such as Internet of Things (IoT), and advances in technologies such as Computer Vision (CV) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) is creating a demand for high performance applications. In this regard, Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) have the ability to provide better performance by allowing a high degree of data parallelism. This devices are also beneficial in specialized fields of manufacturing industry such as CAD/CAM. For all this applications, there is a recent tendency to offload this computations to the Cloud, using a computing offloading Cloud architecture. However, the use of GPUs in the Cloud presents some inefficiencies, where GPU virtualization is still not fully resolved, as our research on what main Cloud providers currently offer in terms of GPU Cloud instances shows. To address this problems, this paper first makes a review of current GPU technologies and programming techniques that increase concurrency, to then propose a Cloud computing outsourcing architecture to make more efficient use of this devices in the Cloud.
Unraveling the Geothermal Potential of Corbetti Caldera using Integrated Geophysical Methods, Central Main Ethiopian Rift
Authors: Kebede Bisrat , Alemu Abera , Kebede Hailemichael , Feyissa Dejene , Melaku Enatfenta
Published: October 2022

In this paper integrated geophysical techniques, involving electrical resistivity, gravity and magnetic surveys have been carried out over the Corbetti Caldera in the central Main Ethiopian Rift (CMER) to verify the geothermal potential of the caldera. Corbetti geothermal prospect is located at about 250 km south of Addis Ababa and 20km from Awassa city and the area is bounded by Lake Awassa to the south and Lake Shalla to the north with geographic location between latitude 7.170N-7.250N and longitudes 38.300E-38.470E. The Corbetti Caldera is characterized by Quaternary volcano-tectonic activity which is mainly silicic volcanism and a resurgent caldera structural system. Quaternary volcanism is associated with a wide spread of steaming ground and fumarolic activity which could confirm the existence of a heat source at depth. Fifty six (56) VES points, 200 gravity and about 200 magnetic data have been used and analyzed. The results are presented as magnetic, gravity and electrical counter maps for qualitative interpretation. Constrained gravity and magnetic 2D model and results obtained from the geoelectric section were made for quantitative interpretation. The complete Bouguer gravity anomaly in conjugation with the total magnetic field anomaly map of the area indicates the existence of intrusion beneath the caldera, i.e. the highest Bouguer gravity anomaly resulting from the higher density of the intrusion. Correspondingly the shallower heat source caused by this intrusion is characterized by the lowest magnetic anomaly response. Results from vertical electrical soundings along profile-2 indicate the presence of a middle thicker conductive zone which is associated with the increase in temperature and alteration of rocks. Apparent resistivity map for AB/2 = 1810m and AB/2 = 2700m shows low resistivity anomaly follows the eastern and northern caldera rim, stretching north of the caldera towards Lake Shalla.