bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Practical Teaching Reform for Cultivating Talents Based on Innovation and Entrepreneurship
Authors: Liu Jiang , Hu Pan , Liu Weiwei
Published: May 2022

Focusing on the cultivation mode of innovation and entrepreneurship, the practical teaching of university is reformed and developed based on the Vocational Skills Competitions. The single assessment method with scores was broke through the teaching reform, which called competition-examination promote each other. The practical skills are important parts for the assessment of students. The professional knowledge could be consolidated and improved further by the Vocational Skills Competitions. Then the talent training mode combined the theory teaching with the Vocational Skills Competitions is carried out based on the innovation and entrepreneurship. The Vocational Skills Competitions, combined training mode between university and enterprise, Maker Space are introduced into the education, which improves and perfects the teaching system. The scientization, normalization and systematization of education are promoted by improving the operation mechanism of practical teaching and quality evaluation criteria.
Reframing Ethical Theory, Pedagogy, and Legislation to Bias Open Source AGI Towards Friendliness and Wisdom
Authors: Cox John Gray
Published: May 2022

Hopes for biasing the odds towards the development of AGI that is human-friendly depend on finding and employing ethical theories and practices that can be incorporated successfully in the construction, programming and/or developmental growth, education and mature life world of future AGI. Mainstream ethical theories are ill-adapted for this purpose because of their mono-logical decision procedures which aim at “Golden rule” style principles and judgments which are objective in the sense of being universal and absolute. A much more helpful framework for ethics is provided by a dialogical approach using conflict resolution and negotiation methods, a “Rainbow rule” approach to diversity, and a notion of objectivity as emergent impartiality. This conflict resolution approach will also improve our chances in dealing with two other problems related to the “Friendly AI” problem, the difficulty of programming AI to be not merely smarter but genuinely wiser and the dilemmas that arise in considering whether AGIs will be Friendly to humans out of mere partisanship or out of genuine intent to promote the Good. While these issues are challenging, a strategy for pursuing and promoting research on them can be articulated and basic legislation and corporate policies can be adopted to encourage their development as part of the project of biasing the odds in favor of Friendly and Wise AGI.
Pressure coefficient analysis for a setback building
Authors: Sharma Vedprakash , Singh Shubham , Sangwan Sourabh , Dubey Hrishikesh
Published: May 2022

The design of tall buildings is heavily influenced by wind flow characteristics which pose a greater challenge to designers, engineers, and architects. For understanding the wind loads and their effects on the building Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tools are widely used. This paper focuses on the Coefficient of pressure along the circumference at two different elevations for a 7.5% setback provided from all sides at two different elevations using the k- ε model. For the validation of this study, the analysis is first done over a rectangular calibrated model with the same height and base area as that of the setback model and the results of the pressure coefficient are compared with the Indian standard code IS 875 (Part 3): 2015. Variation of Cpe along circumference is observed with a change in wind incident angle from 0 ° to 90 ° for an interval of 30°.
A REVIEW OF THE DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM
Authors: Jayant Bhagya , Dahiya Kunal , Rukhiyar Ark , Raj Ritu , Meena Rahul Kumar
Published: May 2022

Irrigation can be defined as the process of applying artificial water to soil or land in order to promote the growth of agricultural crops such as corn and wheat. Water irrigation has a number of advantages, including an increase in crop yield, protection against famine, revenue generation, and the avoidance of mixed cropping. It also has advantages in navigation, hydroelectric power generation, and the creation of employment opportunities. It should be noted that irrigation has both advantages and disadvantages, just like everything else. Irrigation has a number of disadvantages, including the waste of irrigation water, the formation of marshy lands, damp weather, and the loss of valuable agricultural land. Drip irrigation is one of the surface and subsurface irrigation methods that we will discuss in this paper. We will also discuss the various effects and advancements in this technique that have occurred as a result of the research conducted. Last but not least, the significance and necessity of this system will be discussed.
WIND INTERFERENCE ON A HEXAGONAL SHAPED HIGHRISE BUILDINGS WITH DIFFERENT OPENINGS
Authors: Goyal Harsh , Singh Harmanbir , Singh Mayank , Raj Ritu
Published: May 2022

The wind load and pressure on a tall hexagonal structure altered as the apertures changed in this study. In various conditions, wind angles ranging from 0 to 90 degrees with a 30-degree gap are being used. The distance between the interference building and the model building was gradually raised from 50mm to 200mm at 50mm intervals. At a scale of 1:500, the main building model was studied. The ANSYS CFX package's validity was also tested using a rigid model with dimensions of 100mm x 100mm and a height of 700mm. The k-ε-turbulence model was utilised in the investigation, which was conducted using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and the ANSYS CFX software package. According to the analysis, changing the percentage of opening area has an influence on building stability because it affects the pressure on the leeward and windward faces. Contours and vortex formation were used to highlight the relationship between different scenarios. As the distance between the interference and model buildings expands, so does the pressure coefficient of the faces. The effects of apertures on the model building were also investigated, with 5-40% openings provided.
Key trends in the development of mechanical engineering in Ukraine
Authors: Sozanskyy Lyubomyr , Koval Liudmyla
Published: May 2022

The article presents an analysis of the state of and trends in the Ukrainian mechanical engineering industry based on selected key economic indicators.  The industry is characterised by unstable, negative dynamics and falling production volumes, a rapid decrease in the volume and share of implemented innovative products, a significant reduction in the number of manufactured motor vehicles, an insignificant volume of high-tech products, a reduction in capital investments and a high level of depreciation of fixed tangible assets, extremely low labour productivity, a rapid decline in the number of employed workers, relatively low wages, a deterioration of the external balance. The authors view the current economic trends as destructive systemic changes that can significantly affect not only the activity of the machine-building industry but of the country as a whole. They highlight the critical state of the domestic mechanical engineering industry caused by a long period of inaction on the part of the state as regards the development of this industrial sector, which is only exacerbated by the military and hybrid aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine. The authors propose ways of overcoming these negative tendencies.
Cryptocurrencies in the COVID-19 era
Authors: Marecki Krzysztof , Wójcik-Czerniawska Agnieszka
Published: May 2022

The purpose of the article is to describe the state of the financial market during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The financial environment is facing new questions about the future, one of which concerns the role played by cryptocurrencies in the coming years. In recent years the cryptocurrency market has been experiencing spectacular growth, with more than 5,500 cryptocurrencies now in existence worldwide. They can either be used as safe haven currencies that provide protection against market volatility or as a payment system with the prospect of consolidation. Whatever the case may be, the pandemic circumstances favour the development of these digital assets. The crisis generated by the pandemic has also affected the value of bitcoin, which has been quite volatile. While it seems to be recovering, the near future is uncertain. The uncertainty brought about by the coronavirus health crisis has caused a general collapse in the stock markets. In this context, the authors review the behaviour of bitcoin, with its dips and recoveries, which can occur in a matter of a few hours. The first months of national lockdowns were mainly marked by social issues. When social distancing has become the norm, cryptocurrencies can play a bigger role than they did previously, driving the evolution of money away from cash in the direction of cashless society.
Modern global trends regarding the requirements for managerial competences
Authors: Pasinovych Iryna
Published: May 2022

The article outlines the main objectives of modern management, such as the need to ensure the stability of companies or the formation of corporate culture, taking into account the principles of behavioral economics. The author highlights the growing importance of a systemic approach and democratization in management and identifies the key global trends that affect the way companies are managed. These include globalization, the focus on sustainable development, VUCA conditions, rapid technological development, changes in the nature of office and managerial work. A comparative description of industrial and post-industrial society is given to show that human capital has become a key resource while knowledge is the driving force of development. Taking into consideration these new requirements, the authors identifies the key competencies of a modern manager.
Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae oil as an alternative fat ingredient to soybean oil in laying hen diets
Authors: Kim Byeonghyeon , Kim Minji , Jeong Jin Young , Kim Hye Ran , Ji Sang Yun , Jung Hyunjung , Park Seol Hwa
Published: May 2022

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether dietary black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens, HI) larvae oil (HILO) could serve as an alternative fat source to soybean oil (SBO) in laying hen diets.Methods: We randomly assigned 25-week-old Hy-line Brown laying hens (n = 144) to receive (n = 6 hens/group; eight replicates) a control or an experimental diet in which SBO was replaced with 50% (50HILO) or 100% HILO (100HILO).Results: Dietary HILO did not negatively affect body weight or productive performance during the study. The eggs also had similar quality parameters, proximate composition, and cholesterol levels. However, the yolk color index was significantly higher (p<0.01) in the 100HILO than in the other groups. Dietary HILO significantly altered the composition of fatty acids (FAs) in abdominal fat and eggs. Total saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and total polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) were significantly increased and decreased in the 50HILO and 100HILO groups, respectively, compared with those in the control group (p<0.001 and p<0.0001, respectively). Specifically, the medium-chain FAs lauric and myristic acids were remarkably increased in the abdominal fat of laying hens fed HILO (p<0.0001), whereas only myristic acid increased in eggs (p<0.0001). Undesirable heavy metal (aluminum, fluorine, arsenic, lead, mercury, and cadmium) concentrations were below permissible limits in eggs.Conclusion: We considered that HILO could be an alternative dietary fat to SBO for laying hens with maintained productive performance and good egg quality.
The Referral Pattern in a Central Hospital in Iran During the First COVID-19 Peak: The Role of Media and Health Planning
Authors: Khazaeipour Zahra , Sheikhy Ali , Fallahzadeh Aida , Khojasteh-Kaffash Soroush , Fanoodi Ali , Ahmadinejad Zahra , Hantoushzadeh Sedigheh , Shabani Enayat A.
Published: May 2022

Background: A better understanding of the pattern of epidemic-related referrals to healthcare centers might allow the identification of vulnerabilities and the required changes that the healthcare management system should undergo. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the COVID-19 referral pattern and the role of media and health management planning in changing the trends. Methods: Data extracted from the electronic medical database of Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex (IKHC), located in Tehran, Iran, from February 20 to June 4, 2020 were examined. Individuals were divided into two groups, COVID-19 positive and negative. We used Google Trends to evaluate Google Internet search queries and also available policy documents, programs, and official news related to COVID-19 in Iran during the mentioned period. Results: In this study, 8647 individuals aged 46.05 ± 16.5 years were referred to IKHC. Approximately 57% were male, and 70% were COVID-19 positive. The most clinical symptoms were dyspnea, fever, cough, and myalgia. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus were the most common underlying health conditions. In the first two weeks, the percentage of negative cases was higher than positive cases and then the pattern was reversed, when people searched for information about COVID-19 in media. Conclusions: Proper and timely information and education to people through the media and health management measures can be effective in reducing unnecessary visits to health centers, preventing the exhaustion of medical staff, and controlling the disease during epidemics.
A Dark Nature
Authors: Rodríguez Juan José ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: May 2022

The main aim of this work is to indirectly display, through an analysis of the concepts of world, God, and human freedom, the shift from a harmonious concept of nature to another chaotic, darker, and pre-rational. It is important to relate this transformation, which takes place around 1807, to (I) the change in Schelling’s ideas about the relationship between God and the world to weaken a previous Spinozist monistic standpoint. These changes in turn affect Schelling’s view of the concept of unity. He now modifies the notions of immanence and pantheism in favour of a (II) dualistic doctrine of particular and finite existence that we could relate to Kierkegaard and later existentialists. Finally, (III) we introduce Schelling’s theory of love. Love is a mode of union through free will and personal choice that neutralizes the totalizing metaphysics of identity associated to the systematic construction of idealism from Spinoza to Hegel, and that Schelling criticizes, in his middle and late philosophy, as a resource to a self-transparent and overdetermining Absolute.
Evaluation of the Safety of Ketorolac in Postsurgical Infants Less Than Six Months of Age
Authors: McElroy Nicole A. , Bustin Anna , Gattoline Sarah
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVE

Ketorolac-related adverse events are not yet elucidated in neonates and infants given paucity of data. The objective of this research is to determine the incidence of major bleed in postsurgical neonates and infants treated with ketorolac, and to describe characteristics of ketorolac therapy and its effect on renal function.

METHODS

This retrospective review assessed postsurgical patients younger than 6 months of age, without renal and/or coagulation dysfunction, who received ketorolac for postoperative pain during the study period. Major bleed was defined as a decrease in hemoglobin by ≥ 2 g/dL in a 24-hour period and/or intracranial, intraventricular, gastrointestinal, or pulmonary hemorrhage. Renal injury was identified per pediatric-modified RIFLE (risk, injury, failure, loss, end stage renal disease) criteria.

RESULTS

One hundred twenty-five patients were analyzed, having a mean dosing weight of 5.6 kg, gestational age of 37.2 weeks, and postnatal age of 3.8 months. Ketorolac therapy was most frequently 0.5 mg/kg intravenously every 6 hours with a mean of 6.7 doses administered. The primary endpoint of major bleed occurred in 2 (1.6%) 2-month-old patients of 39 weeks' gestation. Both bleeds were characterized by decrease in hemoglobin without evidence of clinically significant bleeding. One (0.8%) and 3 (2.4%) patients experienced a decrease in glomerular filtration rate and urine output, respectively. Sixty-two (49.6%) patients received a concomitant medication associated with decreased bleeding risk.

CONCLUSIONS

Ketorolac appears to have low incidence of major bleeds in postsurgical patients younger than 6 months of age without renal and/or coagulation dysfunction. Larger, prospective studies are needed to confirm safety of ketorolac use in this population.
Methylnaltrexone in the Management of Opioid-Associated Urinary Retention in Children
Authors: Suchovsky Skyler B. , Reiter Pamela D. , Lewis Hannah E. , Clevenger Amy C.
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the association between methylnaltrexone and urine output (UOP) in critically ill children with opioid-associated urinary retention.

METHODS

This retrospective study included patients admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit between December 1, 2019, and November 30, 2020, who received methylnaltrexone for opioid-associated oliguria (spontaneous UOP below 1 mL/kg/hr and at least 1 dose of an opioid within the preceding 6 hours).

RESULTS

Twenty-five patients (median age = 5.5 years, IQR 1.7–16.4; median weight = 19 kg, IQR 9–45) were included. Mean methylnaltrexone dose was 0.15 ± 0.006 mg/kg. A statistically significant increase in UOP from baseline to 6 hours following methylnaltrexone was observed (p = 0.001), but not all patients responded. Fourteen patients (56%) had no UOP following methylnaltrexone administration, while 11 (44%) demonstrated a robust increase (median = 0 mL/kg/hr at baseline [IQR 0–0] to 1.96 mL/kg/hr [IQR 1.08–2.22; p = 0.001]) within 6 hours following methylnaltrexone administration. Younger patients responded better than older patients (responder age = 2.5 years [IQR 0.8–7]) versus 11.4 years [IQR 1.75–17.5] for non-responders) (p = 0.04). Both intravenous (IV) and subcutaneous (SQ) routes were associated with an increase in UOP (IV, p = 0.04; SQ, p = 0.02). The effect persisted for up to 24 hours after administration. Sixty-four percent of patients required urinary catheter placement. Pain scores (averaged 6 hours before and after methylnaltrexone) remained unchanged (p = 0.44).

CONCLUSIONS

Methylnaltrexone may increase spontaneous UOP in some children with opioid-associated urinary retention, but urinary catheterization rates remain high.
Epoetin alfa in Pediatric Patients With Ventricular Assist Devices: Is It Safe?
Authors: Hughes Kaitlynn , Jarosz Audrey , Peng David M. , Huebschman Ashley
Published: May 2022

Anemia is a predictor of morbidity and mortality in both pediatric and adult patients with heart failure. This risk is increased in patients who require ventricular assist device (VAD) placement. The most common mechanism suggested for why these patients develop anemia is chronic inflammation caused by the immune system reacting to the VAD components. The inflammatory response that occurs can suppress erythropoiesis by inhibiting production of erythropoietin. Studies have demonstrated that anemic VAD patients have lower-than-expected erythropoietin levels, which leads to the consideration of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) in this population. Therapy with ESAs can increase hemoglobin and hematocrit levels, thereby decreasing the need for transfusions, subsequently reducing the risk of anti–human leukocyte antigen antibody development. Concerns that ESAs may increase the risk of thrombotic complications in a population already plagued with physiologic disturbances due to the VAD device remain a main barrier in routine use of these medications. The goal of this case series is to discuss a single center's experience with epoetin alfa in pediatric VAD patients at an academic children's hospital. A total of 4 patients were included with no evidence of adverse effects during a total of 120 patient-days of epoetin therapy. One patient was able to discontinue ESA therapy secondary to robust improvement in cell line counts at the time of discharge, while the other 3 patients received heart transplant prior to the discontinuation of ESA therapy. An increase in hematocrit of 1% to 5.5% was seen from epoetin initiation to discontinuation.
Effect of Jejunal Administration on Tacrolimus Trough Concentrations in a Pediatric Liver Transplant Recipient
Authors: Aldieri Alexandra , Bae Esther , Chandran Mary Moss
Published: May 2022

Maintenance immunosuppression regimens containing calcineurin inhibitors, specifically tacrolimus, are standard of care for rejection prevention in pediatric liver transplantation. Challenges with tacrolimus administration are common with pediatric patients, and guidance for non-oral, enteral administration of tacrolimus is limited. We report the case of an 11-year-old male orthotopic liver transplant recipient with a history of malnutrition requiring a jejunostomy tube (J-tube) for enteral nutrition and medication administration post-transplantation. Tacrolimus was initially given orally, and then transitioned to J-tube administration for 10 days. Tacrolimus trough concentrations declined significantly following conversion to J-tube administration and remained subtherapeutic despite a 3-fold dose increase. Once transitioned back to the oral route, trough concentrations became supratherapeutic requiring dose reductions until goal concentrations were achieved. This case demonstrates reduced bioavailability and need for increased dosing, when tacrolimus is administered through a J-tube.
Illustrated Sustainability
Authors: Dominguez Santana Cássia Cristina , Pessoa Alberto Ricardo
Published: May 2022

Brazil is a strong representative of world production in the textile sector. The fashion industry has economic benefits for the country, however it is responsible for negative impacts on the environment. In the search for sustainable alternatives, concepts and techniques emerge that aim to mitigate the impacts caused by the growing demand, including zero waste disposal. Fashion illustration is an area of ​​fashion that has gained greater visibility, and presents concepts, meanings and symbologies through graphics. This article approaches fashion illustration as a way to disseminate reflections on the zero disposal of textile waste. Thus, it presents illustrations that give new meaning to waste, inserting in its graphic composition textile elements arising from the construction of fashion artifacts. Therefore, the illustrations can be explored through reflective symbologies providing contributions to a cleaner and more sustainable fashion.
Teatro de sombras e iluminação cênica
Authors: Motta Gilson Moraes
Published: May 2022

Partindo dos conceitos de Reiner Reush, Fabrizio Montecchi e David Currel, o texto aborda os três estilos de teatro de sombras - o tradicional, o moderno e o contemporâneo - discutindo aspectos técnicos e estéticos da iluminação cênica a partir de experiências de criação teatral, desenvolvidas no Laboratório Objetos Performáticos de Teatro de Animação. O objetivo do artigo é mostrar a convivência dos estilos como um traço fundamental da cultura contemporânea. O contexto da pandemia da Covid-19 propiciou a retomada de alguns estilos já, aparentemente, superados.
Luz e Cordel: relatos de um processo colaborativo e transdisciplinar
Authors: Araújo Shirley Ane Marques , Paiva Sonia Maria Caldeiras
Published: May 2022

Através deste relato, apresento os caminhos trilhados dentro de um processo de pesquisa e construção de uma obra artística colaborativa. Na qual partimos de uma base experimental de pesquisa, junto ao projeto do Laboratório Transdisciplinar de Cenografia (LTC), em busca de uma expressão conjunta que unisse a narrativa de cordel à iluminação, com o objetivo de construção de uma obra multimidiática em uma caixa cênica em miniatura.
Polityka zagraniczna Panamy w okresie rządów Omara Torrijosa
Authors: Iwanek Jan
Published: May 2022

Generał Omar Torrijos Herrera doszedł do władzy pół roku po zamachu stanu z 1969 r. Rządził przez około 12 lat, aż do swej śmierci w 1981 r. W znacznym stopniu przyczynił się do osiągnięcia największego sukcesu w polityce zagranicznej Panamy, od początku powstania tego państwa (1903 r.), jakim było zawarcie (1977 r.) nowych traktatów: o Kanale Panamskim oraz o trwałej neutralności i funkcjonowaniu Kanału. Z chwilą wejścia w życie Traktatu o Kanale Panamskim utraciły moc wszystkie dotychczasowe umowy, w tym najważniejsze: z 1903 r., 1936 r. i 1955 r. Pierwszy z układów obowiązywał do 31grudnia 1999 r. Drugi został zawarty na czas nieoznaczony i reguluje współczesny status prawnomiędzynarodowy Kanału. Dzięki tym układom Panama odzyskała władanie suwerenne formalne i efektywne nad całym swym terytorium: nad dawną Strefą Kanału, Kanałem Panamskim i instalacjami wojskowymi. Panama przejęła odpowiedzialność za utrzymanie i funkcjonowanie Kanału i udostępniania go na zasadach otwartości dla żeglugi morskiej. Kilkuletni okres negocjacji przebiegał w trudnych warunkach. Dyplomacji panamskiej udało się uzyskać dla swych starań liczące się poparcie społeczności międzynarodowej, w tym ONZ i OPA. Ważną okolicznością była także skłonność administracji Cartera do zawarcia satysfakcjonujących obie strony traktatów i uregulowania trudnych stosunków z Panamą. Z perspektywy czasu należy uznać zawarcie układów Torrijos-Carter za największy sukces dyplomatyczny Panamy, o ważnych skutkach dla gospodarki tego kraju i żeglugi morskiej. Po upływie kilkudziesięciu lat od tamtych wydarzeń, ocena ta pozo-staje w pełni aktualna.
In Remembrance of Professor Wieslaw Dobrzycki
Authors: Layne Gordon
Published: May 2022

I first met Professor Dobrzycki on the day of my final Defence exam for my Master’s thesis. My dissertation focused on the Concept and Activities of In-tegration within the Caribbean Basin, which had apparently caught Professor Do-brzycki’s attention and, because he was the Specialist on Western Hemisphere affairs he functioned as one of the academic reviewers of my work...
Wspomnienie o Profesorze Wiesławie Dobrzyckim
Authors: Spyra Jarosław
Published: May 2022

Profesora Wiesława Dobrzyckiego poznałem w połowie lat osiemdziesiątych, bodajże w 1986 roku, będąc studentem Wydziału Dziennikarstwa i Nauk Poli-tycznych Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego. Byłem wówczas na trzecim roku studiów. Według ówczesnego programu obowiązującego na Wydziale w semestrze zimowym mieliśmy możliwość wyboru specjalizacji. Ja starałem się o miejsce w Instytucie Stosunków Międzynarodowych, gdzie w 1986 roku nie przyjmowano więcej niż 20-25 osób. Bardzo chciałem zająć się Ameryką Łacińską, ale wtedy nie było tam naukowca, który mógłby mi pomóc i zostać później promotorem mojej pracy magisterskiej. Fascynowała mnie wtedy Brazylia, a zwłaszcza okres lat trzydziestych, gdy władzę przejął Getulio Vargas i całkowicie zmienił ten kraj...
Fiber-optic microphone based on bionic silicon micro-electro-mechanical system diaphragm
Authors: Liu Xin , Cai Chen , Dong Zhi-Fei , Deng Xin , Hu Xin-Yu , Qi Zhi-Mei ,   State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China,   School of Electronic, Electrical, and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China,   School of Optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Published: May 2022

The bionic sound detector based on the principle of the Ormia ochracea fly’s coupled ears is a miniature directional microphone that is sensitive to the sound pressure gradient. In this work, a silicon micro-electro-mechanical system bionic diaphragm consisting of two interconnected wings is designed and prepared, and a fiber-optic Fabry-Pérot interferometric microphone is constructed using the bionic diaphragm, and the characteristics of this microphone are studied theoretically and experimentally. According to the simulation results, the bionic diaphragm has two vibration modes of rocking and bending, and the rocking-mode displacement amplitude at a given sound pressure depends on the frequency and the propagation direction of the incident sound wave, and the closer to the eigenfrequency of the rocking mode the sound frequency, the greater the amplitude is; the rocking-mode displacement amplitude changes with the propagation direction in the three-dimensional space, resulting in a spindle-shaped distribution, and the long axis of the spindle is parallel to the long axis of the diaphragm, implying that the microphone is most sensitive to the sound wave propagating along the long axis of the diaphragm. The rocking-mode resonance frequency of the fiber-optic bionic microphone is measured to be slightly smaller than the simulated value. The output signal amplitude of the microphone changes with the horizontal azimuth angle of the sound source, producing a figure-8 polar pattern. A linear relationship between the microphone response and the azimuth angle is obtained in a range of 0° – ±60°, and in this angle range the directional sensitivity of the microphone is 39.98 mV/(°).
Experimental synthesis of borophene
Authors: Li Wen-Hui , Chen Lan , Wu Ke-Hui ,   Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China,   School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China,   Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China
Published: May 2022

As the lightest two-dimensional material discovered so far, borophene exhibits rich physical properties, including high flexibility, optical transparency, high thermal conductivity, one-dimensional nearly free electron gas, Dirac fermions, and superconductivity. However, due to the strong interlayer covalent bonding force of bulk boron, it is difficult to obtain the monolayer borophene via mechanical exfoliation. In addition, due to the electron-deficient property of boron atoms, its chemical properties are relatively active, and its bonding is complex, resulting in different boron allotropes, which is different from other two-dimensional materials. For a long time, the research on borophene has been limited to theoretical exploration, and it has been difficult to make breakthroughs in the experimental synthesis of two-dimensional borophene. It has been only successfully prepared by a few research groups in recent years. However, there is still huge space for exploration on the growth, structure and electronic properties of borophene. This paper systematically reviews the preparation methods and different structures of borophene under different substrates, and its growth mechanism is discussed. It provides a research platform for further expanding the physical properties of borophene, and provides ideas for exploring the preparation of borophene nanodevices. It has great potential application prospects in high energy storage, optoelectronic devices, high detection sensitivity, and flexible nanodevices.
Junk-neuron-deletion strategy for hyperparameter optimization of neural networks
Authors: Huang Ying , Gu Chang-Gui , Yang Hui-Jie ,   Business School, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
Published: May 2022

With the complexity of problems in reality increasing, the sizes of deep learning neural networks, including the number of layers, neurons, and connections, are increasing in an explosive way. Optimizing hyperparameters to improve the prediction performance of neural networks has become an important task. In literatures, the methods of finding optimal parameters, such as sensitivity pruning and grid search, are complicated and cost a large amount of computation time. In this paper, a hyperparameter optimization strategy called junk neuron deletion is proposed. A neuron with small mean weight in the weight matrix can be ignored in the prediction, and is defined subsequently as a junk neuron. This strategy is to obtain a simplified network structure by deleting the junk neurons, to effectively shorten the computation time and improve the prediction accuracy and model the generalization capability. The LSTM model is used to train the time series data generated by Logistic, Henon and Rossler dynamical systems, and the relatively optimal parameter combination is obtained by grid search with a certain step length. The partial weight matrix that can influence the model output is extracted under this parameter combination, and the neurons with smaller mean weights are eliminated with different thresholds. It is found that using the weighted mean value of 0.1 as the threshold, the identification and deletion of junk neurons can significantly improve the prediction efficiency. Increasing the threshold accuracy will gradually fall back to the initial level, but with the same prediction effect, more operating costs will be saved. Further reduction will result in prediction ability lower than the initial level due to lack of fitting. Using this strategy, the prediction performance of LSTM model for several typical chaotic dynamical systems is improved significantly.
Preparation and upconversion luminescence properties of GdTaO4:RE/Yb(RE=Tm, Er) phosphor through experimental optimization design
Authors: Chen Gui-Ling , Ma Jia-Jia , Sun Jia-Shi , Zhang Jin-Su , Li Xiang-Ping , Xu Sai , Zhang Xi-Zhen , Cheng Li-Hong , Chen Bao-Jiu ,   College of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
Published: May 2022

In order to obtain the maximum characteristic intensities of the up-conversion luminescence in GdTaO4:RE/Yb(RE = Tm, Er) series, we establish the regression equation between the luminescent intensity of the phosphors and the rare earth doping concentration upon the 980 nm laser excitation based on the experimental optimization design. The Tm3+/Yb3+ doping samples are combined with the uniform design and quadratic general rotation combination design, meanwhile the Er3+/Yb3+ doping samples are optimized by the uniform design and cubic orthogonal phosphor step by step. The relationship between concentration and luminous intensity is analyzed. The results show that the changes of concentration of RE3+ (RE = Tm, Er) and Yb3+ can exert a significant effect on luminous intensity, and there exist extreme points of luminescent intensity in the test space. By solving the regression equation, we obtain the optimal doping concentration. The optimal samples are also prepared by the high-temperature solid state method. The XRD diffraction patterns of the optimal samples are analyzed. The results show that the samples are of pure phase, the doping of Li+ flux will inhibit the generation of reaction impurity phase, and the doping of rare earth will shift the diffraction peak to a high angle, with the peak shape remaining unchanged. The relationship between excitation power and luminescent intensity is analyzed. The results show that the blue light emission of Tm3+/Yb3+ co-doped phosphor is a three-photon process, and the green light emission of Er3+/Yb3+ co-coped phosphor is a two-photon process. The relationship between sample temperature and luminescent intensity is analyzed. The luminescent intensity of the sample decreases with the increase of the temperature, indicating temperature quenching. Finally, the quenching activated energy of the sample is calculated.
Measurement research of line intensity and self-broadening coefficient for NH3 spectra in 4296–4302 cm–1
Authors: Long Jiang-Xiong , Shao Li , Zhang Yu-Jun , You Kun , He Ying , Ye Qing , Sun Xiao-Quan ,   State Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Laser Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Hefei 230037, China,   Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230037, China,   National Engineering Research Center for Air Pollution and Greenhouse Gas Monitoring Technology and Equipment, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
Published: May 2022

Spectral parameters of NH3 in a range of 4296–4302 cm–1 in the HITRAN database are different from the actual situation as they are derived from theoretical calculations. In order to correct the spectral parameters of NH3 in this range in HITRAN, tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) technology and metrological theory are used to measure the absorption spectrum high-purity NH3 in the range of 4296–4302 cm–1 at 2–10 Torr. The line intensity and self-broadening coefficient of the main absorption line of NH3 in this band are retrieved and their uncertainty are calculated by comprehensively considering main factors including pressure, temperature, optical path of gas cell, wavenumber and line shape fitting. The discrepancies between our measured line intensities and latest peer-measured results are within 20%. The biases between our self-broadening coefficients and the ones in HITRAN2020 are within 14%. Their uncertainties are in a range of the 0.63–2.7% and 0.77–5.4%, respectively, which are smaller than the uncertainty range of 10–20% in the HITRAN database. Some of the measured spectral parameters are not recorded in HITRAN. The experimental results in this work are of significant reference in supplementing and correcting the HITRAN spectral parameters of NH3 in the range of 4296–4302 cm–1.
Alzheimerpårørende i møte med omgivelsene
Authors: Lyngsnes Kitt Margaret
Published: May 2022

Over 100 000 personer i Norge lever med demens. En liten gruppe av disse er diagnostisert før fylte 65 og er dermed i kategorien «yngre med demens». Målet med studien presentert i denne artikkelen, er å utforske ett aspekt av å være pårørende når ens ektefelle har fått en Alzheimerdiagnose i ung alder. Problemstillingen setter søkelyset på å være pårørende og stå i en situasjon preget av omsorg og sorg og samtidig forholde seg til omverdenens spørsmål og innspill vedrørende en slik progredierende, uhelbredelig sykdom. Forskningstilnærmingen er autoetnografisk, og det empiriske materialet består av erfaringer som er opplevd og analysert gjennom en periode på flere år. Et hovedfunn i studien er betydningen av å reflektere over pårørendeerfaringer både alene og sammen med andre. Derigjennom kan en bli bevisst egne reaksjoner og emosjoner og utvikle innsikt og strategier en som pårørende i en krevende omsorgssituasjon kan møte andre med, samtidig som en kan ivareta egne følelser.
Feeding habits of the snapper Lutjanus peru in the central Gulf of California
Authors: Pérez-Rojo María del Pilar , Moreno-Sánchez Xchel Gabriel , Marín-Enríquez Emigdio , Irigoyen-Arredondo Marina Soledad , Abitia-Cárdenas Leonardo Andrés , Quiroga-Samaniego María del Mar
Published: May 2022

A biological basis for survival and development, the diet of fish represents a baseline for research on ecological aspects related to the structure and function of marine communities. This study focused on the feeding habits of the Pacific red snapper, Lutjanus peru, in Santa Rosalía, Baja California Sur (Mexico), during August 2016 through October 2017. A total of 403 specimens were analyzed and categorized by sex, sexual maturity, and season. The size interval ranged from 21 to 60 cm total length, and the weight ranged from 195 to 1,920 g. A total of 29 prey items were identified, including fish (13 items), crustaceans (11 items), mollusks (4 items), and tunicates (1 item). According to the index of relative importance, the main prey were Sardinops sagax (47.65%), Nycthiphanes simplex (38.50%), Harengula thrissina (11.21%), Myctophidae (0.68%), and Benthosema panamense (0.52%). Prey were consumed in different proportions according to sex (F = 2.01, P < 0.049), sexual maturity (F = 4.99, P < 0.001), and season (F = 45.52, P < 0.001). The trophic width was narrow (Bi = 0.16); this was consistent with the Costello graph, which showed the consumption of mainly pelagic-coastal and mesopelagic gregarious prey. The Pacific red snapper in Santa Rosalía functioned as a tertiary consumer. Its opportunistic diet included few highly abundant prey items, and the diet composition differed from that of L. peru in other areas of the Gulf of California and the Pacific coast of Mexico.
Bonding of Fractured Fragments using Various Bonding Materials as a Treatment Modality in Cases of Vertical Root Fracture- A Systematic Review
Authors: Chandak Pooja , Chandak Manoj Ghanshyamdasji , Relan Kajol , Chandak Madhulika , Rathi Chanchal , Chaudhary Payal
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Vertical Root Fracture (VRF) is third most common factor leading to extraction of root canal treated tooth. It has a longitudinal orientation. This occurs due to reduction in structural integrity and dehydration of dentine. Most common treatment includes extraction of the teeth. Other modality is amputation of involved root in molars. Various materials can also be used for bonding of the fragments. Aim: To compare and evaluate the effectiveness of dentine bonding systems in re-attatchment of fractured root. Materials and Methods: The present systematic review included a comprehensive search of last 10 years was performed in the systematic electronic database PubMed. In-vitro laboratory studies that evaluated the microtensile bond strength and fracture resistance of multiple dentine adhesive systems and compared them in human and/or animal teeth in which VRF had occurred were included. A total of 16 non duplicated studies were retrieved in the systematic search. Results: Out of 16 studies four studies were included in the systematic review. One study assessed the bond strength of the adhesive using table top testing machine. Two studies assessed the microtensile bond strength using stereo microscope and one study assessed recurrence of the fracture using Instron Machine. The studies demonstrated large variability among methodology used for evaluation. In one study, acid phosphate monomer showed highest microtensile bond strength (p<0.05), and in another study Refracture (RF) occurred easily in samples bonded with Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC) as compared to those bound with Perma Bond and Gluma (p<0.0003). Conclusion: From the present study's analysis, dual cure adhesive resin cement either reinforced with polyethylene fibers or glass fibers, and glass ionomer cement may increase the fracture resistance of bonded tooth.
Conservative Management for Acanthomatous Ameloblastoma of Anterior Maxilla: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Kumar Sanjeev
Published: May 2022

First described by Broca in 1886, Ameloblastoma is one of the most frequently encountered epithelial odontogenic benign tumor. The literature reports Mandible as the utmost favourable area of this tumor with approximately 80% of the cases involving this area. Histologically, an ameloblastoma can have six variations i.e, follicular, plexiform, basal, granular, desmoplastic and/or acanthomatous form. According to the 2005 World Health Organization (WHO) classification the incidence of acanthomatous ameloblastoma is 7.06%. The acanthomatous type of ameloblastoma is deemed to be a rare and uncommon variation that mostly involves the mandible in 81% of the cases and maxilla in only 19% of the cases. In the maxilla, it is most commonly seen in the molar area, antral area and nasal floor with reported rate of occurrence being 47%, 33% and 9% respectively. The incidence in the canine are is only 9%. On the basis of previous studies, acanthomatous ameloblastoma is usually found in the geriatric population than in younger ones and is considered as an aggressive variant of ameloblastoma. Authors hereby present a case of acanthomatous ameloblastoma occurring in the anterior maxilla in a 36-year-old male patient presenting with painless swelling involving the left side of the anterior upper jaw managed with a conservative type of treatment. This type of presentation of the already rare acanthomatous ameloblastoma is extremely sporadic. Also, the occurrence of such a tumour in maxilla can significantly affect the progression and prognosis of such tumours because of the anatomical and histopathological differences in the maxilla and mandible and their densities, thereby further influencing the management and follow-up.
Hyperglycemia, Glycosuria, Ketonuria and their Association with Severity of Organophosphate Poisoning- A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Ganteppanavar Chetan K , Devarhoru Zahura M , Akshatha K , Hubballi Veereshb , Hasabi Ishwar S , Kachapur Chandrashekar
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Organophosphate Poisoning (OP) is very common in India and presents with features of cholinergic excess. Timely diagnosis and prompt treatment helps in prevention of complications like aspiration pneumonitis, respiratory failure etc. Due to non availability of Pseudo cholinesterase measuring facility at many rural areas and subcentres and as hyperglycemia, glycosuria and ketonuria are commonly seen in OP poisoning, the study of association of these three parameters with OP poisoning is of utmost importance. Aim: To study the association of hyperglycemia, glycosuria and ketonuria with severity of OP. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with a sample size of 120 patients of OP poisoning, who reported to Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences Hospital, Hubli, during December 2017 to November 2018. Adults >18 years of age with OP poisoning with no pre-existing diabetes were included. Clinical features with Peradeniya Organophosphate Score (POP Score), Complete Blood Count (CBC), Pseudo cholinesterase level, serum amylase, Gylcated Haemoglobin (HBA1c), Random Blood Sugar (RBS), urine ketones, urine glucose levels were obtained. The data was analysed using Chi-square test, ANOVA, paired t-test, Pearsons and Spearman's correlation. Results: Majority of the study population belonged to age group of 20-40 years (57.5%). Mean RBS at presentation was 200.58±110.31 mg/dL. Mortality was associated with higher RBS at presentation and RBS after 12 hours. There was significant association between RBS and outcome. Increasing RBS levels had direct correlation with mean duration of AMBU ventilation, mechanical ventilation, ICU stay duration, hospital stay duration and mortality rate. Deaths in cases with RBS <150 mg/dL was 2 and in >250 mg/dL is 22. Among the study population, eight cases had glycosuria and six had ketonuria at presentation. Mean POP score was also higher among these subjects with hyperglycemia, glycosuria and ketonuria. Conclusion: Blood sugar levels, urine analysis for glucose and ketones are useful, simple and cheap markers for identifying the severity of OP. Their presence indicates patient is at higher risk of developing complications and patient may be planned for referral to higher centre from non equipped centres. Hyperglycaemic state is a poor prognosticating factor.