bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nutrient Management on Soil Health, Nutrient Uptake and Yield of Maize under Temporary Submerged Condition in Mollisol
Authors:   Department of Soil Science,G.B.P. Univ. Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar – 263 145, Uttrakhand, Kuniyal Harish Chandra , Singh Veer ,   Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, G.B.P. Univ. Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar – 263 145, Uttrakhand, Ram Shri ,   Department of Soil Science,G.B.P. Univ. Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar – 263 145, Uttrakhand, Bhatnagar Amit ,   Department of Soil Science,G.B.P. Univ. Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar – 263 145, Uttrakhand
Published: May 2023

A field experiment was conducted during Kharif 2010 with a view to find out the effect of different integrated nutrient management practices on soil quality parameters, growth, yields and yield attributes and nutrient uptake by maize (PEHM-5) under managed temporary excess soil moisture stress at knee high stage in mollisol. Results showed an improvement in soil quality parameters in plots supplied with organic sources either individually or combination of all with 100% NPK fertilizers to that grown with inorganics alone or no fertilizers. Bulk density was lowest under combined application of vermicompost, zinc, PSB and Azospirillum with 100% NPK but applied ZnSO4 increased bulk density to a maximum of 1.38 Mg m-3 . Inoculation of biofertilizers along with vermicompost enhanced organic carbon by 0.02 - 0.14 per cent over other treatments. Availability of N, P, K and Zn was significantly influenced by applied organic sources with chemical fertilizers. Treatments received 100% NPK along with zinc, Azospirillum, PSB and vermicompost significantly recorded higher values of 187.32, 31.96, 178.35 and 2.71 kg ha -1 available N, P, K and Zn, respectively, but individual application of Azospirillum, PSB and zinc responded to least availability of zinc, N and P, respectively. Higher total uptake of N, P, K and Zn was recorded with combined application of organic and inorganic inputs with 100% NPK followed by 100% NPK+ vermicompost. Nutrient management practices had significant effect on growth, yields and yield attributing parameters; however nodes with brace roots and ASI were not significantly affected. Different organic and inorganic combinations produced 144-917 kg ha -1 more grain yield over 100% NPK whereas reduced by 1237-2154 kg ha -1 to the treatment subjected to no submergence. Inclusion of Azospirillum and PSB with 100% NPK gave statistically on par grain yields. Maize plants grown with vermicompost, 125% NPK and combination of all inputs showed in general, lower net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and leaf temperature, respectively, while higher leaf diffusive resistance to that of normal condition. Integrated use of biofertilizers and vermicompost with 100% NPK was found to be the best for maize production under excess soil moisture stress.
Occurrence of Insects in Stored Cocoa Beans in Tamil Nadu
Authors:   Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, S Shrikant , S Mohan ,   Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, K Ramaraju ,   Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003
Published: May 2023

Investigations were carried out on insects associated with stored cocoa beans in private godowns at Sennakallpalyam, Dharapuram in Tamil Nadu, India during 2010-2011. The tools used were normal sieve sample, UV light trap, pheromone trap and stack probe trap. The survey indicates the presence of 10 insect species namely ; Lasioderma serricorne (F.), Tribolium castaneum (Herbst.), Araecerus fasciculatus (De Geer), Prostephanus truncates (Horn), Carpophilus sp. (Erichson) Ephestia sp. (Walker), Hypothenemus sp. (Ferrari), Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) Liposcelis sp. and Plodia interpunctella (Hubner). These physical method helps for early detection and management of stored grain pest effectively.
Efficacy of Antibiotics and Biorational Pesticides against Bacterial Blight of Paddy
Authors:   Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, G.K.V.K, UAS, Bengaluru-560 065, P R Thimmegowda , Sataraddi Arun ,   Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, UASD, Bijapur, D S Ambika ,   Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, G.K.V.K, UAS, Bengaluru-560 065, P S Prasad ,   Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, G.K.V.K, UAS, Bengaluru-560 065, M Chandrashekar ,   Department of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, G.K.V.K, UAS, Bengaluru-560 065
Published: May 2023

In rice, streptocycline at 1000 ppm was effective against bacterial blight under in vitro evaluation, with maximum inhibition zone (25.0mm), followed by streptocycline + Copper sulphate 1000 ppm (24.33mm). Under field studies, streptocycline + copper oxychloride was found best with least per cent disease index. Highest grain yield returns were recorded in streptocycline + copper oxychloride treatment @ 0.025 % + 0.1 per cent followed by bactrinashak @ 0.04 and 0.03 per cent.
Physiological and Cultural Variabilities among Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cepae Isolates in Onion
Authors:   Department of Plant Pathology, Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India, S Malathi , S Mohan ,   Department of Plant Pathology, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai
Published: May 2023

The effect of culture media, carbon sources, nitrogen sources, temperature and pH on the mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cepae was investigated. The fungus grew the best on Czapek’s dox medium and glucose was the best source of carbon whereas peptone was the best source of nitrogen. Growth was maximum at 30°C which was reduced drastically below 20°C and above 35°C. The most suitable pH for optimum growth of fungus was 6.5.
Tannins in Resistance to Bruchid, Callosobruchus maculatus Fab. (Bruchidae: Coleoptera)
Authors:   Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore -641 003, T Srinivasan , C Durairaj ,   Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore -641 003, P Sakthivel ,   Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore -641 003
Published: May 2023

Cultivated Vigna radiata accessions, wild Vigna umbellata accessions and non-edible leguminous seeds were evaluated for their resistance to the bruchid, Callosobruchus maculatus and the possibility of using them as resistant donors. All the seeds except Leucaena leucocephala were susceptible to oviposition by bruchids. But V. radiata accessions supported normal emergence of bruchids while V. umbellata accessions terminated their development at different larval instars. The tannin content of V. umbellata accessions was also significantly higher (2.48 to 4.24 mg/g) when compared to V. radiata accessions (1.66 to 2.14 mg/g). In the case of non-edible legumes, development of bruchids was arrested at the seed coat itself while the first instar grubs were about to penetrate seed coat. Hence seed coat tannin content of non-edible legumes was estimated which was the highest (4.13 to 13.02 mg/g) compared to other groups of legumes.
Development of Experimental Pulsed SprayDevice for Spot Application
Authors:   Department of Farm Machinery Agricultural Engineering College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore- 641 003, G C Jayashree , D Asokan ,   Department of Farm Machinery Agricultural Engineering College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore- 641 003, D Anantha Krishnan ,   Department of Farm Machinery Agricultural Engineering College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore- 641 003
Published: May 2023

An experimental pulsed spray device was developed and studies were conducted on targeted spraying and spray application rate. The discharge of carrier fluid and chemical were measured at different set of pressures by using two types of hollow cone nozzles viz BAN nozzle and NMD hollow cone nozzle. Carrier fluid pressure was maintained from 0.05 to 0.2 MPa and the chemical tank pressure was varied from 0.05 to 0.3 MPa. The important characteristics of pulsed spray system were evaluated at different pressures and it was found that, at pressure 1 MPa the VMD was medium spray and at pressure 0.15 to 0.4 MPa VMD was fine spray. It is noticed that the applied volume per unit area is uniform when the pressure is within 0.15 to 0.4 MPa. The results showed that the quantity of chemical applied per pulse varied between 0.4 to 1.2 ml per pulse for different operating pressures and target widths. From the prediction equation, the quantity of chemical applied over the plant was calculated as 2.6 ml when the area of the plant is 78 cm2 . Hence the application rate of chemical was estimated as 0.33 ml/cm 2.
Variability and Genetic Parameter Analysis in F3 and F4 Generation of TGMS Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Population
Authors:   Department of Rice, Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, D Kavithamani , S Robin ,   Department of Rice, Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, S Manonmani ,   Department of Rice, Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, K Mohanasundaram ,   Department of Rice, Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003
Published: May 2023

An attempt was made to study variability and genetic parameter analysis in the F 3 and F 4 generation of rice genotypes. The phenotypic variance was higher than the corresponding genotypic variance for all the characters in F 3 and F 4 generation. These differences were indicating greater influence of environment for expression of the traits in F 3 generation and F 4 generations. Considering genetic parameters high genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) value was observed for number of productive tillers per plant (25.78) and single plant yield (24.578), whereas moderate genotypic coefficient of variation value was exhibited by plant height (10.59). In the present study, all the characters studied recorded generally high heritability estimates in both the generations except panicle length and spikelet sterility in F 4 generation. High heritability with high genetic advance in percent of mean was observed for stigma exsertion percentage, plant height, number of productive tillers / plant and single plant yield indicated that these characters were under additive gene control and selection for improvement might be effective. Spikelet fertility percentage and pollen sterility percentage showed high heritability but low genetic advance (%), which indicated that non additive gene effects were involved for phenotypic expression of this character.
Studies on Seed Vigour in Bt Cotton Hybrids
Authors:   Seed Research and Technology Centre, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, AP, India, R Ankaiah , N Balayenkulu ,   Seed Research and Technology Centre, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, AP, India, K V S Meena Kumari ,   Seed Research and Technology Centre, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, AP, India, V Sandeep Varma ,   Seed Research and Technology Centre, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, AP, India, M Ganesh ,   Seed Research and Technology Centre, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, AP, India, K Kanaka Durga ,   Seed Research and Technology Centre, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, AP, India
Published: May 2023

Studies on seed vigour tests in Bt and non Bt cotton hybrids were taken up during 2007 at Seed Research and Technology Centre, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. Irrespective of Bt and Non Bt cotton hybrids, TP (87%), S methods (85%) recorded higher germination than BP (83%) and soil method (82%). Among the vigour tests, first count (78%), final count (86%), brick gravel test (81%) and cold test (79%) recorded higher germination in all the Bt cotton hybrids than Non Bt hybrids which recorded superior values for speed of germination (74%), field emergence (76%), paper exhaustion test (68%) and tetrazolium test for viability. Bt cotton hybrids especially TCH 9 and PRCH 31 recorded higher germination in all germination testing methods as well as vigour tests. Germination and seedling vigour gradually declined with an increase in period of accelerated ageing from 0 to 30 days. Such decline was more in Non Bt cotton hybrids when compared to Bt cotton hybrids. Among different Bt cotton hybrids, PRCH 31 and TCH 9 have shown higher values in all vigour tests as against the other hybrids. There was a rapid decline in germination and vigour in NCS 145, NCS 207, Rudra and Sandeep.
Temperature Treatments on Postharvest Handling of Small Onion (Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum Don.)
Authors:   Horticultural College and Research Institute,Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore -641 003, V Anbukkarasi , P Paramaguru ,   Horticultural College and Research Institute,Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore -641 003, L Pugalendhi ,   Horticultural College and Research Institute,Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore -641 003, N Ragupathi ,   Horticultural College and Research Institute,Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore -641 003, P Jeyakumar ,   Department of Crop Physiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore -641 003
Published: May 2023

Studies on the effect of different temperature treatments on packing and storage methods in onion (Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum Don.) cv. CO On 5 at College orchard, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore were temperature during 2008-2010. The experiment was laid out in a factorial completely randomized design (FCRD) with eight treatments and three replications. Pre-harvest sprays were done by using Maleic hydrazide @ 2000ppm + carbendazim @ 1000ppm and the harvested onion bulbs were cured with 2cm neck length packing and storage treatments were subjected to viz., jute bags and kept in room temperature (T 1 ), packing in nylon net bags and kept in room temperature (T 2 ), packing in perforated plastic crates and kept in room temperature (T3 ), packing in bamboo baskets and kept in room temperature (T 4 ), spreading of bulbs in ventilation storage (T 5 ), spreading of bulbs in cold storage at 15 o C (T 6 ), spreading of bulbs in cold storage at 20o C (T 7 ) and spreading of bulbs in room temperature - Control (T 8 ). Among the different packing and storage treatments, the lowest physiological loss in weight (5.18 %), sprouting (0.62 %), rotting (0.64 %), rooting (0.00 %) and the highest sulphur (0.704 %), pyruvic acid (2.53 μmol g -1 ) and ascorbic acid (10.24 mg 100 g -1 ) contents and the highest shelf life (up to 6 months) were observed in spreading of bulbs in ventilation storage (T 5 ) compared to control (T 8 ).
Assessment of Soil Physico - Chemical Properties and Macronutrients Status in Theni District of Tamil Nadu using GIS Techniques
Authors:   Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, R K Kaleeswari , A Kayalvizhi ,   Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, S Krishnakumar ,   Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003
Published: May 2023

Delineation of available macronutrients was carried out by randomly collecting geo referenced surface (0-0.15m) soil samples representing different soil units as per the soil map prepared on 1:50,000 scale from 598 sites in Theni district, Tamil Nadu using Global Positioning System (GPS). The soil samples were analysed for available macronutrients. The available N status ranged from 129 to 322 kg ha -1 while the available P and K status varied from 7.34 to 65 kg ha - 1 and 122 to 697 kg ha-1 respectively. Analytical results and the GPS data were used for the preparation of thematic map showing spatial distribution of macronutrients status block wise in the district. Locations of soil sampling sites of Theni district were marked on base map on 1:50,000 scale prepared from State Revenue Maps and digitized using Arc-info GIS. The delineation study clearly indicated that the available N was found to be low in 73.71 percent of soils of Theni district while phosphorus is in medium status. Nearly 70 per cent of the surface soil of Theni district was high in available K status.
Evaluation of Cropping Systems in Partially Reclaimed Sodic Soils of North Western Zone of Tamil Nadu
Authors:   Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Chidambaram,Tamil Nadu, South India, V Balasubramanian , M Jayakumar ,   Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Chidambaram,Tamil Nadu, South India, T S Manickam ,   Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Chidambaram,Tamil Nadu, South India
Published: May 2023

Soil reclamation and cropping system evaluation experiments were conducted during September 2009 to September 2010. To evaluate the best amendments in the sodic soils of Mallasamudram series in Magudanchavadi block of Salem district, Tamil Nadu in two locations (L 1 and L 2 ) representing strongly sodic (pH <9.5) and very strongly sodic (pH >9.5) soils. Soil amendments such as gypsum, ferrogypsum, sugar factory pressmud and distillery spent wash were employed to reclaim the sodic soils. Three cropping systems viz., Rice – cotton – sesbania, Rice – chillies – sesbania and Rice – finger millet – sesbania were tested in the above reclaimed sodic soils and evaluated. Significant positive variations in soil quality parameters were recorded during post reclamation. The distillery spent wash @ 5 lakh litres ha -1 treated plot consequentially reduced the soil pH from 9.42 to 8.25 in L1 and from 9.95 to 8.45 in L 2 as compared to all other amendments and reduced the ESP from 44.0 to 16.2 in L 1 and 70.0 to 22.0 in L 2 respectively. Application of distillery spent wash significantly improved growth, yield attributes, grain and straw yield of first season rice crop. The performance of cotton, chillies and finger millet as second crop after rice in the cropping system was apparent. The rice- finger millet- sesbania system proved better than the other cropping systems.
Influence of Soil Test Based Fertilization on Soil Fertility and Productivity of Rice
Authors:   Krishi Vigyan Kendra Seoni-480 661 (M. P.), K K Deshmukh , N K Bisen ,   Krishi Vigyan Kendra Seoni-480 661 (M. P.), S K Chourasia ,   Krishi Vigyan Kendra Seoni-480 661 (M. P.)
Published: May 2023

On farm testing and frontline demonstrations were conducted during the years 2010 and 2011 under mandatory work of Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Seoni district of Madhya Pradesh. The status of soil nutrients, their depletion and build-up and crop productivity after two years under various combinations of fertilizer dose and manures on sandy clay was studied. The differences in the values of organic carbon available N, P and K in soil at 20 cm depth and crop productivity were found to be very marked. The data on yield show that the application of balanced fertilizer dose of N P and K as per STCR treatment with or without farm yard manure @ 2.5t/ha helped in sustaining the yield of rice at higher level over the years. The inclusion of FYM in the treatment schedule maintaining the organic carbon status and available N, P and K in soil thereby, sustaining the soil health. The under dosing of plant nutrients (Farmers practice) has caused a depletion in the available nutrients status of soil. The status of available K in soil was found to decrease in all the treatments but the decrease was of lower magnitude indicating the need to raise the level of K fertilizer application to meet the demand of the crops.
Characterization of Sodic Soils of North Western Zone of Tamil Nadu
Authors:   Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, South India, M Jayakumar , V Balasubramanian ,   Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, South India, T S Manickam ,   Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, South India
Published: May 2023

An attempt has been made on characterization of sodic soils by using reconnaissance soil survey methods in North Western Zone of Tamil Nadu encompassing the districts of Dharmapuri, Salem, Krishnagiri and Namakkal during January 2009 to August 2009. Surface soil samples were collected as per reconnaissance soil survey reports of Dept. of Agriculture and analyzed the soil pH and EC. Based on the analytical report the severity of sodicity problem was quantified. Then profiles were dug and detailed analyses were taken up in the sodic soil inflicted areas. Considerable area of sodic soils to the extent of 26,279 ha was identified under the soil series viz., Peelamedu, Salem, Mallur, Thulukkanur, Mallasamudram, Upparapatti, Periyanaickanpalayam, Nattam, Dharmapuri, Krishnagiri and Harur. Among the soil series detailed analysis of profile samples like pH, EC, ESP and SAR the Mallasamudram soil series was identified as most affected by sodicity. The pH range of the above series was 9.1 to 10.0, EC of 0.8 to 1.2 dsm -1 and ESP of 32 and 48 per cent was predominantly noticed compared to other soil series. The land capability and productivity classes were poor in the above soil series.
Influence of Cutting and Fertilizer Management on Growth and Yield of Fodder Oats (Avena sativa L.)
Authors:   Department of Agronomy, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, India- 741 252, M Hedayetullah , A K Barik ,   Department of ASEPAN (Agronomy, Soil Science, Agricultural Engineering, Plant Physiology and Animal science), Institute of Agriculture, Visva-Bharati, Sriniketan, India-731 236
Published: May 2023

A field experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2006-2007 and 2007-2008 at Agriculture Research Farm of Palli Siksha Bhavana, Visva-Bharati to study the “Influence of cutting and fertilizer management on growth and yield of fodder oats (Avena sativa L.)”. Various growth attributes (viz. dry matter accumulation and leaf area index) of fodder oats were influenced significantly with different levels of fertilizer management. An increasing trend was found in dry matter accumulation and leaf area index of oats with the advancement of growth of the crop up to 60 days when 1 st cutting was taken. A significant response from cutting and fertilizer management was found on total green and dry fodder yields of oats. The highest green and dry fodder yields were achieved from fertilizer schedule of N 120 P60 K 60 kg ha -1 both at single cutting and two cuttings management. Significantly higher total green and dry fodder yields were obtained from two cut management (29.74 and 7.92 t ha -1 , green and dry fodder respectively) when compared with single cut management (14.68 and 3.37 t ha -1 , respectively), indicating the scope of getting two cuttings from fodder oats in red and lateritic belt of West Bengal.
Effect of Weed Management Practices on Growth and Yield of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) under Transplanted Lowland
Authors:   Allahabad School of Agriculture, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad – 211 007, Kumar Akhilesh , Singh Rajesh ,   Allahabad School of Agriculture, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad – 211 007, Hemant Pawar ,   Allahabad School of Agriculture, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad – 211 007, K Vinayakrao ,   Allahabad School of Agriculture, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad – 211 007, Chauhan Abhishek ,   Allahabad School of Agriculture, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad – 211 007, S Ajaykumar ,   Allahabad School of Agriculture, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad – 211 007
Published: May 2023

A field experiment was conducted during kharif, 2010, to study the effect of weed management practices on weed control, growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L) under lowland conditions. The treatments consisted of pre-emergence application of butachlor and metsulfuron methyl along with post-emergence application of 2, 4-D EE or conoweeding at 20 DAT, which was compared to two hand weedings at 20 and 40 DAT and control. Among the herbicidal treatments, pre – emergence application of metsulfuron methyl at l 6 g ha -1 + post emergence spray of 2, 4-D EE at 500 g ha -1 recorded the least weed density (81.32 m -2 ), weed biomass (30.68 m-2 ) and maximum weed control efficiency (76.68%) in rice. Among the growth parameters of rice, maximum plant height (88.07 cm), plant dry weight (63.40 g), number of tillers plant -1 (22.1) and crop growth rate (0.951 g m -2 day -1 ) were recorded under the aforesaid treatment. Better yield attributes, higher grain yield (5.01 t ha -1 ), harvest index (39.10 %), net return ( 36235 ha -1 ) and benefit: cost ratio (2.02) of rice were recorded under the same treatment.
Identification of Rice Hybrids for Aerobic Condition Based on Yield and Yield Associated Traits
Authors:   Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, K Amudha , K Thiyagarajan ,   Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003
Published: May 2023

An experiment was conducted to identify rice hybrids for aerobic condition based on yield and yield associated traits. None of the hybrids showed desirable performance for all the traits studied. Water deficit under aerobic condition decreased the pollen fertility and increased spikelet sterility under aerobic conditions. However, five hybrids viz., IR 68885A / IR 73718-3-1-3-3, IR 67684A / CT-6510-24-1-2, IR 70372A / PSBRC 80, IR 70372A / IR 73718-3-1-3-3 and IR 70369A / IR 73718-3-1-3-3 maintained high pollen /spikelet fertility and recorded higher yield under aerobic conditions. Expression of desirable genes for pollen/spikelet fertility under stress is a desirable trait and these genotypes can be better utilized under aerobic conditions.
Recovery of Fertilizer Nitrogen by Maize Grown with Nutriseed Pack and Soil Nitrogen Retention Using 15N Tracer
Authors:   Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, K Radhika , K Arulmozhiselvan ,   Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, V Velu ,   Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, S Mahimairaja ,   Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003
Published: May 2023

In a cropped land plant and soil utilizes nitrogen (N) mainly from fertilizer. Deep placement of fertilizer N enhances added N use efficiency. Nutriseed Pack technique is a way of deep placing fertilizer in the root zone simultaneously when sowing the seed. A Green house experiment with 15 N tracer technique was conducted during 2009 at open premises of green house in the Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, TNAU, Coimbatore to evaluate the effect of application of fertilizers in maize by surface broadcast and Nutriseed Pack. Each Nutriseed Pack was assembled by stacking of seed, manure and fertilizer pellets and then wound in newspaper as a roll. On placement in soil, supply of nutrients is expected from Nutriseed pack throughout the crop period. Column study on 15 N recovery of added fertilizer by maize resulted in high recovery (NUE) for horizontal placement of Nutriseed Pack (36.17%) followed by placement of vertical Nutriseed Pack with Furadan (33.62%), and moderate recovery for surface broadcast (30.45%). The applied labelled N retained in surface layer was high in horizontal placement of Nutriseed Pack which ranged from 8.0 to 18.1 per cent in surface layer (0-15 cm), 4.9 to 10.8 per cent in sub-surface layer (15-30 cm), and 2.8 to 6.0 per cent the lower layer (30-45cm) respectively. In case of surface application of fertilizers, N retained was 5.5 per cent in surface layer (0-15 cm), 3.2 per cent in sub-surface layer (15-30 cm), and 11.1 per cent in lower layer (30-45 cm) respectively.
Response to Methods of Cultivation and Fertility Levels on Growth and Yield of Hybrid Rice
Authors:   Zonal Agricultural Research Station V.C.Farm, Mandya - 571 405, Karnataka, B S Sowmyalatha , C Ramachandra ,   Zonal Agricultural Research Station V.C.Farm, Mandya - 571 405, Karnataka, N Shivakumar ,   Zonal Agricultural Research Station V.C.Farm, Mandya - 571 405, Karnataka
Published: May 2023

A field experiment was conducted during kharif and summer seasons of 2010-2011 at ZARS, V.C. Farm, Mandya to study the influence of methods of cultivation and fertility levels on growth and yield of rice hybrids. The experiment consists of 18 treatment combinations involving methods of cultivation (SRI and conventional method of planting), rice hybrids (KRH- 2, KRH-4 and Arize (6444) and fertility levels (100 % RDF, 125 % RDF and 150 % RDF) were laid out in double split- plot design with three replications. Higher plant height, more number of leaves plant -1 , more number of tillers plant -1 , higher leaf area and higher dry matter production plant -1 , more number of panicles m -2 , higher panicle weight g m -2 were recorded in SRI method of rice cultivation with rice hybrid Arize (6444) at 150 % RDF compared to conventional method of planting. SRI method of planting recorded significantly higher grain yield (7717 kg ha -1 ) and straw yield (8554 kg ha -1 ) with rice hybrid arize (7808 kg ha -1 ) compared to KRH-2 (7260 kg ha -1 ) and KRH-4 (7504 kg ha -1 ) at 150 % RDF (7821 kg ha -1 ) than other treatments in the trial.
Impact of Fertigation on Leaf Nutrient Status and Yield Attributes in Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) cv. BSR 2
Authors:   Department of Spices and Plantation Crops Horticultural College and Research Institute Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, C Krishnamoorthy , K Soorianathasundaram ,   Department of Spices and Plantation Crops Horticultural College and Research Institute Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, K Rajamani ,   Department of Spices and Plantation Crops Horticultural College and Research Institute Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, P K Selvaraj ,   Department of Spices and Plantation Crops Horticultural College and Research Institute Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003
Published: May 2023

A field experiment to study the soil, plant nutrient status and yield of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) cv. BSR 2 as influenced by fertigation of N and K fertilizers was carried out during June 2007 to February 2008. The experiment consisted of seven treatments replicated four times in a randomized block design. The soil nutrient parameters viz., available soil nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium content and plant nutrient parameters viz., leaf nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium were recorded. The yield parameters viz., number of mother, primary and secondary rhizomes, length and girth of mother, primary and secondary rhizomes, weight of mother, primary and secondary rhizomes, fresh, cured rhizome yield plant -1 and estimated cured rhizome yield hectare -1 were also recorded. The study revealed that the soil and plant nutrient contents in general increased upto 150 days and then declined. Among the several treatments, N + K @ 100 % level (150 : 108 NK kg ha -1 ) by fertigation using water soluble fertilizers viz., Urea and Multi ‘K’ registered the highest values for the soil, plant nutrient content and yield parameters.
Identification of Clay Minerals with Different Parent soils of Renigunta Mandal in Chittoor District, Andhra Pradesh
Authors:   Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, S.V. Agricultural College (ANGRAU), Tirupati, 517 502, Andhra Pradesh, S Selvaraj , M V S Naidu ,   Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, S.V. Agricultural College (ANGRAU), Tirupati, 517 502, Andhra Pradesh
Published: May 2023

The work was carried out with different parent materials to identify various clay materials in Reniguntal mandal of Chittoor district, Andhra Pradesh. The soils had pH 6.2 to 8.96, clay 3.74 to 46.58 % and CEC 2.16 to 43.63 cmol (p + ) kg -1 . In general, surface horizon had relatively higher organic carbon and decreased with depth. Soils were low in available nitrogen and phosphorus, low to medium in available potassium and high in available sulphur. Seven representative pedons were selected after surveying the areas for the study of clay minerals. The mineralogical and chemical characteristics of soils developed from granite-gneiss and calcareous murrum and alluvium parent materials. The clay film invariably exhibited the characteristic peaks of illite and kaolinite. Semi-quantitative estimates of clay fractions based on relative areas under corresponding peaks indicated that all the pedons dominated by illite and kaolinite followed by Feldspars. Quartz is present in traces. However, use and management of these soils for agricultural production require an understanding of their clay mineralogy.
Dynamics of Soil Organic Carbon and Their Fractions Under Different Cropping Systems in Hill Zone Acid Soils of Karnataka
Authors:   Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, UAS, Bengaluru - 560 065, Karnataka, Dhumgond Prabhudev , S S Prakash ,   Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Agricultural College, Mandya - 571 405, T S Punith Raj ,   Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, UAS, Bengaluru - 560 065, Karnataka, Reddy Sharan Bhoopal ,   Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, UAS, Bengaluru - 560 065, Karnataka, K M Shivakumar ,   Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Horticultural College, Sirasi - 581 401
Published: May 2023

Soil organic carbon (SOC) and its different labile fractions are important in minimizing negative environmental impacts and improving soil quality. Thus it is very important to understand the fractions of soil organic carbon and their distribution in different cropping systems. Soil characterization revealed that soils were slightly acidic to moderately acidic in range with low soluble salts. Soil under coffee and areca system recorded significantly higher SOC, TOC and TN content compared to paddy system. The SMB-C, SMB-N, LFC and DOC were higher in coffee and areca cropping systems compared to paddy system. The correlation between SOC with TOC, TN, LFC, DOC, MBC and MBN was positive and significant. Light fraction organic carbon showed positive and significant correlation with DOC, MBC and MBN. Regression analysis suggests that SOC and LFC could explain 85% (R2 =0.853**) and 44% (R 2 =0.448*) variation respectively in surface TOC concentration.
Effect of Plant Geometry, Nutrient Levels and Time of Application of Nitrogen on Yield Attributes and Yield of Popcorn
Authors:   Department of Agronomy, S.V. Agricultural College, ANGRAU, Tirupati, D Lakshmi Kalyani , G Prabhakara Reddy ,   Department of Agronomy, S.V. Agricultural College, ANGRAU, Tirupati, D Subramanyam ,   Department of Agronomy, S.V. Agricultural College, ANGRAU, Tirupati
Published: May 2023

Field experiments were conducted during rabi 2008 and 2009 at S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati, to study the effect of plants geometry, graded nutrient levels and time of nitrogen application on popcorn. The experiment was laid out in a split-split plot design replicated thrice. The treatments comprised of three planting patterns viz., P 1 (60x20 cm), P 2 (75x20 cm) and P 3 (90x20 cm) assigned to main plots and three nutrient levels viz., N 1 (80:40:40 kg ha -1 N, P 2 O5 and K 2 O), N 2 (100:50:50 kg ha- -1 N, P 2 O 5 and K 2 O) and N 3 (120:60:60 kg ha -1 N, P 2 O 5 and K 2 O) assigned to sub plots and three times of nitrogen application viz., T 1 ( 1/3 rd basal +1/3 rd knee high stage +1/3 rd tasselling), T 2 (¼ th basal + ½ knee high stage + ¼ th tasselling) and T3 (1/4 th basal + ¼ th knee high stage +1/2 tasselling ) assigned to sub- sub plots. The study revealed that the highest yield of popcorn could be realized with planting pattern of 90x20 cm along with the application of 120:60:60 kg ha -1 N, P 2 O 5 and K 2 O in three splits at ¼th basal + ½ knee high stage + ¼ th tasselling stage.
Evaluation of Weed Control Efficacy and Yield of Glyphosate Resistant Cotton Hybrids in Winter Irrigated Ecosystems of Tamil Nadu
Authors:   Department of Agronomy Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, C Nithya , C Chinnusamy ,   Department of Agronomy Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003
Published: May 2023

Cotton is one of the important crops that have been genetically altered to address challenges with weed and insect control. The research was conducted with glyphosate resistant cotton hybrids during winter irrigated season of 2009-10 and 2010-11 at the experimental site of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, with the objective, to find out the weed control efficacy and yield of transgenic cotton hybrid with the application of glyphosate. Glyphosate was applied as early POE application on 25 and 65 DAS at 900, 1350, 1800, 2700, 3600 and 5400g a.e. / ha in MRC 7347 BG-II RRF test hybrid. These treatments were compared with hand weeding on 15 and 30 DAS and unweeded control. In both sprays, Early POE application of glyphosate 2700, 3600 and 5400 g a.e. / ha registered lower weed density and higher weed control efficiency in transgenic cotton hybrid compared with other treatments. Seed cotton yield was significantly higher in post-emergence application of glyphosate at 2700 g a.e. / ha. Increased use of transgenic cotton with herbicide and pest resistance has resulted in more efficient insect and weed management practices.
Effect of Subsurface Drip Fertigation on Growth and Yield of Banana
Authors:   AICRP on Water Management, Department of Agronomy Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai - 625 104, S Krishnasamy , P P Mahendran ,   AICRP on Water Management, Department of Agronomy Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai - 625 104, A Gurusamy ,   AICRP on Water Management, Department of Agronomy Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai - 625 104, R Babu ,   AICRP on Water Management, Department of Agronomy Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai - 625 104
Published: May 2023

Field experiment was carried out during 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 at Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai. There were nine treatments replicated thrice in RBD using banana cv. G9 as test crop. The results indicated that the growth, yield attributes, fruit yield and quality characters were higher under the fertigation treatment with the application of 100 per cent recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) in which 50 per cent of P and K was applied as basal and the remaining NPK as WSF through drip along with sulphozinc @25 kg / ha as soil application. However this was on par with application of 100 per cent RDF where in 50 per cent of P and K were applied as basal and the remaining NPK applied as WSF through drip. Surface irrigation with soil application of fertilizers accounted for lesser growth, yield attributes, fruit yield and quality characters when compared to drip irrigation with fertigation. Surface irrigation accounted for higher total water use of 2099 mm where as drip irrigation accounted for only 1665 mm resulting in a saving of 21 per cent. Higher water use efficiency, water productivity, net income and B:C ratio were recorded under drip fertigation of 100 per cent RDF wherein 50 percent of P and K applied as basal and the remaining NPK applied through drip along with soil application of 25 kg of sulphozinc / ha.
Decontamination Processes to Reduce Residues of Insecticides in Vegetables
Authors:   Department of Agricultural Entomology Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, S Suresh , K Ramaraju ,   Department of Agricultural Entomology Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, S Sheeba Joyce Roseleen ,   Department of Agricultural Entomology Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003
Published: May 2023

Among the decontamination methods adopted to reduce the insecticide residues in vegetables, washing brinjal fruits with tamarind solution removed the insecticide to the extent of 50 percent followed by sodium bicarbonate (45 %) and the least removal was observed with water (26 %). Reduction of OP residues to an extent of 20.2 per cent was found when brinjal fruits were washed with water for 30 sec. In cabbage, washing with tamarind solution reduced 51.3 per cent of synthetic pyrethroid compounds followed by 50.8 percent of lindane and endosulfan. Synthetic pyrethriod and organophosphates were comparatively easily removable (33.3 %) than organo chlorinated compounds.
Integrated Disease Management of Pigeonpea Wilt (Fusarium udum Butler)
Authors:   Department of Plant Pathology,UAS, GKVK, Bangalore-65, P S Prasad , Saifulla Muhammad ,   Department of Plant Pathology,UAS, GKVK, Bangalore-65, N Mallikarjuna ,   Department of Plant Pathology,UAS, GKVK, Bangalore-65, P R Thimmegowda ,   Department of Plant Pathology,UAS, GKVK, Bangalore-65, R N Lakshmipathy ,   Department of Agricultural Microbiology, UAS, GKVK, Bangalore-65
Published: May 2023

Integrated Disease Management (IDM) approach was carried out to combat pigeonpea wilt a combination of best fungicides, bio agents, organic amendments and different cropping systems. Carbendazim seed treatment @ 2g/kg + Trichoderma viride soil application @ 2.5 kg /ha in FYM @ 50 kg / ha recorded significantly lowest wilt incidence of 13.20 per cent and highest yield of 748.70 kg/ha, followed by T. viride seed treatment @ 5g/kg + T. viride soil application @ 2.5kg /ha in FYM @ 50 kg / ha with wilt incidence of 15.17 per cent with yield of 722.50kg/ha. Pigeonpea intercropped with sorghum @1:2 recorded significantly lesser wilt incidence of 15.77 per cent and yield of 228.60 kg/ha, followed by pigeonpea with sorghum @ 3:1 which recorded wilt incidence of 18.61 per cent with yield of 362.60 kg/ha.
Bioecology and Seasonal Abundance of Sucking Pests Infesting Coccinia
Authors:   Department of Agricultural Entomolgy, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Kerala, V Vijayasree , T Nalinakumari ,   Department of Agricultural Entomolgy, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Kerala, S Naseemabeevi ,   Department of Agricultural Entomolgy, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Kerala
Published: May 2023

A survey was carried out at the Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Vellayani and nearby locations in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala during 2006-2007 to assess the seasonal abundance of sucking pests infesting coccinia. The dominant sucking pests were scale insect, Saissetia hemispherica (Targ.) and aphid, Aphis spiraecola Patch. The minor sucking pests recorded were leaf footed bug, Leptoglossus australis F. and pentatomid bug, Aspongopus obscurus F. Very low infestation of green stink bug, Nezara viridula Linn. and mealy bug, Ferrisia virgata (Ckll.) was also observed. Due to desapping activity of these pests, the vigour of the plant was reduced. Seasonal occurrence of the pests showed higher population and more damage in summer than rainy season. Correlation studies revealed strong positive correlation between maximum temperature and population of the pests and extent of damage whereas rainfall had significant negative relationship with them.
In vitro Safety of Emamectin Benzoate 5 SG to Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens)
Authors:   Department of Agricultural Entomology, Centre for Plant Protection Studies Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India, K Govindan , K Gunasekaran ,   Department of Agricultural Entomology, Centre for Plant Protection Studies Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India, S Kuttalam ,   Department of Agricultural Entomology, Centre for Plant Protection Studies Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India
Published: May 2023

Laboratory experiments were conducted at the Insectary, Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during 2008-2009 to study the safety of emamectin benzoate 5 SG to the eggs, larvae and adults of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens). Low egg mortality was recorded in emamectin benzoate 5 SG at 7 g (9.67%), 9 g (15.00%) and 11 g a.i. ha -1 (15.33%). The standard, Proclaim® 11 g (14.33%), spinosad 45 SC at 75g (19.00%) and endosulfan 35 EC at 350 g a.i. ha -1 (34.07%) recorded high mortality. Adult longevity was the highest in untreated check (15.77 days), emamectin benzoate 5 SG at 7 g (10.50 days) and 9g a.i. ha -1 (9.00 days). The number of eggs laid per five females was also greater in untreated check (373.67 eggs), 7g (132.33 eggs) and emamectin benzoate 5 SG at 9 g a.i. ha -1 (126.67 eggs). At 48 HAT, the lowest larval mortality was recorded in emamectin benzoate 5 SG at 7 g (17.67%) and 9 g a.i. ha -1 (21.00%) in larval feeding method. In dry film method at 48 HAT, the lowest per cent mortality of 16.67 per cent in emamectin benzoate 5 SG at 7 g followed by 26.67 per cent in emamectin benzoate 5 SG at 9 g a.i. ha -1 . Endosulfan 35 EC at 350 g a.i. ha-1 registered the highest larval mortality (43.33%), while untreated check recorded 3.33 per cent mortality.
Viability of Pseudomonas fluorescens in Liquid Formulation and its Effect on Plant Growth Promotion and Inhibition of Root Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita
Authors:   Centre for Plant Protection Studies Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, K Sankari Meena , E I Jonathan ,   Centre for Plant Protection Studies Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, P G Kavitha ,   Centre for Plant Protection Studies Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003
Published: May 2023

Viability of the Pfbv 22 isolate of Pseudomonas fluorescens in liquid formulation amended with different chemicals was studied. Among amendments tested, the liquid formulation of P. fluorescens, Pfbv 22 isolate amended with glycerol (10mM) maintained maximum viability nearly for a year. In the plant growth promotion study conducted with different aged isolates of Pfbv 22 on tomato, the five day old culture recorded a maximum vigour index (3179.56). Results of the in vitro study carried out with different aged cultures of Pfbv 22 on eggs and juveniles of M. incognita revealed maximum suppression in egg hatching and minimum juvenile morality in the same five day old culture when compared with other aged cultures.
Nutritional, Temperature and pH Requirements for the Mycelial Growth of Black Poplar Mushroom, Agrocybe aegerita
Authors:   Division of Field Crops, Central Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair 744 101, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India., Sakthivel Krishnan , Prakasam Velappa ,   Department of Plant Pathology, Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Thiribhuvanamala Gurudevan ,   Department of Plant Pathology, Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Madhavan Srinivasan ,   Department of Plant Pathology, Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore
Published: May 2023

Influences of nutrition, pH and temperature requirements on the mycelial growth of black poplar mushroom Agrocybe aegerita were studied in vitro. Good mycelial biomass was obtained at 25°C and pH of 7. Upon six carbon and nine nitrogen sources tested, sucrose and peptone proved the best carbon and nitrogen respectively. The best carbon and nitrogen sources at 3:3 ratio of sucrose: peptone was found to increase the mycelial biomass in liquid medium.