bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Нелинейно-регрессионный алгоритм обработки сигналов полупроводниковых химических сенсоров, обеспечивающий селективное детектирование примесей в искусственном воздухе
Authors: Чистяков В.В. , Казаков С.А. , Гревцев М.А. , Соловьев С.М.
Published: January 2021

New method is developed for proceeding a conductance change response Δσ,μS of a temperature (T) modulated chemical sensor. The method provides reliable substance identification and measurement of its trace concentrations for such impurities in arti-ficial air as ammonia, acetone, hexane, propane, toluene, turpentine etc. Due to this method the response of the ΔσY for a substance Y in actual concentration C range is interpolated with a completely nonlinear regression via discriminant modelling func-tions Fi(z=103/T,Ai, bi,ci,..),i=1-4 or 5. For principal parameters the plots AiY(C) are built which compose the selectivity/gauge portrait of Y in the air. In case when the analogous parameters of unknown substance X fit this portrait the substance is iden-tified as Y. And the common abscissa of corresponding crossing points of AiX with the curves AiY(C) indicates the value of the X concentration in units been used for Y.
Увеличение коэффициента полезного действия фотопреобразователей лазерного излучения диапазона 520-540 nm на основе гетероструктур GaInP/GaAs
Authors: Минтаиров С.А. , Нахимович М.В. , Салий Р.А. , Шварц М.З. , Калюжный Н.А.
Published: January 2021

Photoconverters (PCs) of laser radiation (LR) for the range 520 - 540 nm based on GaInP/GaAs heterostructures have been investigated. It is shown that a decrease in the CuPt ordering in GaInP layers due to the introduction of antimony atoms leads to a short-wavelength shift of the absorption edge with a simultaneous increase in the open-circuit voltage. An increase in the total thickness of the photoactive layers of PC results in an increase in the spectral response. The performed optimization allows increasing the efficiency of the LR PC from 39.4% to 44.4%.
A Risk Prediction Model Based on Machine Learning for Cognitive Impairment Among Chinese Community-Dwelling Elderly People With Normal Cognition: Development and Validation Study
Authors: Hu Mingyue , Shu Xinhui , Yu Gang , Wu Xinyin , Välimäki Maritta , Feng Hui
Published: January 2021

Background

Identifying cognitive impairment early enough could support timely intervention that may hinder or delay the trajectory of cognitive impairment, thus increasing the chances for successful cognitive aging.

Objective

We aimed to build a prediction model based on machine learning for cognitive impairment among Chinese community-dwelling elderly people with normal cognition.

Methods

A prospective cohort of 6718 older people from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) register, followed between 2008 and 2011, was used to develop and validate the prediction model. Participants were included if they were aged 60 years or above, were community-dwelling elderly people, and had a cognitive Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score ≥18. They were excluded if they were diagnosed with a severe disease (eg, cancer and dementia) or were living in institutions. Cognitive impairment was identified using the Chinese version of the MMSE. Several machine learning algorithms (random forest, XGBoost, naïve Bayes, and logistic regression) were used to assess the 3-year risk of developing cognitive impairment. Optimal cutoffs and adjusted parameters were explored in validation data, and the model was further evaluated in test data. A nomogram was established to vividly present the prediction model.

Results

The mean age of the participants was 80.4 years (SD 10.3 years), and 50.85% (3416/6718) were female. During a 3-year follow-up, 991 (14.8%) participants were identified with cognitive impairment. Among 45 features, the following four features were finally selected to develop the model: age, instrumental activities of daily living, marital status, and baseline cognitive function. The concordance index of the model constructed by logistic regression was 0.814 (95% CI 0.781-0.846). Older people with normal cognitive functioning having a nomogram score of less than 170 were considered to have a low 3-year risk of cognitive impairment, and those with a score of 170 or greater were considered to have a high 3-year risk of cognitive impairment.

Conclusions

This simple and feasible cognitive impairment prediction model could identify community-dwelling elderly people at the greatest 3-year risk for cognitive impairment, which could help community nurses in the early identification of dementia.
Effort-Optimized Intervention Model: Framework for Building and Analyzing Digital Interventions That Require Minimal Effort for Health-Related Gains (Preprint)
Authors: Baumel Amit , Muench Frederick J
Published: January 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

The majority of digital health interventions lean on the promise of bringing health and self-care into people’s homes and hands. However, these interventions are delivered while people are in their triggering environments, which places competing demands on their attention. Individuals struggling to change or learn a new behavior have to work hard to achieve even a minor change because of the automatic forces propelling them back to their habitual behaviors. We posit that effort and burden should be explored at the outset and throughout the digital intervention development process as a core therapeutic mechanism, beyond the context of design or user experience testing. In effort-focused conceptualization, it is assumed that, even though goals are rational and people want to achieve them, they are overtaken by competing cognitive, emotional, and environmental processes. We offer the term effort-optimized intervention to describe interventions that focus on user engagement in the face of competing demands. We describe design components based on a 3-step process for planning an effort-optimized intervention: (1) nurturing effortless cognitive and environmental salience to help people keep effort-related goals prominent despite competition; (2) making it as effortless as possible to complete therapeutic activities to avoid ego depletion and self-efficacy reduction; and (3) turning the necessary effortful activities into sustainable assets. We conclude by presenting an example of designing a digital health intervention based on the effort-optimized intervention model.
Impact of Face-to-Face Teaching in Addition to Electronic Learning on Personal Protective Equipment Doffing Proficiency in Student Paramedics: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Stuby Loric , Currat Ludivine , Gartner Birgit , Mayoraz Mathieu , Harbarth Stephan , Suppan Laurent , Suppan Mélanie
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought attention to the importance of correctly using personal protective equipment (PPE). Doffing is a critical phase that increases the risk of contamination of health care workers. Although a gamified electronic learning (e-learning) module has been shown to increase the adequate choice of PPE among prehospital personnel, it failed to enhance knowledge regarding donning and doffing sequences. Adding other training modalities such as face-to-face training to these e-learning tools is therefore necessary to increase prehospital staff proficiency and thus help reduce the risk of contamination.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to assess the impact of the Peyton 4-step approach in addition to a gamified e-learning module for teaching the PPE doffing sequence to first-year paramedic students.

METHODS

Participants will first follow a gamified e-learning module before being randomized into one of two groups. In the control group, participants will be asked to perform a PPE doffing sequence, which will be video-recorded to allow for subsequent assessment. In the experimental group, participants will first undergo face-to-face training performed by third-year students using the Peyton 4-step approach before performing the doffing sequence themselves, which will also be video-recorded. All participants will then be asked to reconstruct the doffing sequence on an online platform. The recorded sequences will be assessed independently by two investigators: a prehospital emergency medicine expert and an infection prevention and control specialist. The assessors will be blinded to group allocation. Four to eight weeks after this first intervention, all participants will be asked to record the doffing sequence once again for a subsequent skill retention assessment and to reconstruct the sequence on the same online platform to assess knowledge retention. Finally, participants belonging to the control group will follow face-to-face training.

RESULTS

The study protocol has been presented to the regional ethics committee (Req-2020-01340), which issued a declaration of no objection as such projects do not fall within the scope of the Swiss federal law on human research. Study sessions were performed in January and February 2021 in Geneva, and will be performed in April and June 2021 in Bern.

CONCLUSIONS

This study should help to determine whether face-to-face training using the Peyton 4-step approach improves the application and knowledge retention of a complex procedure when combined with an e-learning module.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

PRR1-10.2196/26927
Development of algorithm for classification smoking status from unstructured bilingual electronic health records based on natural language processing (Preprint)
Authors: Bae Ye Seul , Kim Kyung Hwan , Kim Han Kyul , Choi Sae Won , Ko Taehoon , Seo Hee Hwa , Lee Hae-Young , Jeon Hyojin , Jang Yongjun
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

Smoking is a major risk factor and important variable for clinical research, but there are few studies regarding automatic obtainment of smoking classification from unstructured bilingual electronic health records (EHR).

OBJECTIVE

We aim to develop an algorithm to classify smoking status based on unstructured EHRs using natural language processing (NLP).

METHODS

With acronym replacement and Python package Soynlp, we normalize 4,711 bilingual clinical notes. Each EHR notes was classified into 4 categories: current smokers, past smokers, never smokers, and unknown. Subsequently, SPPMI (Shifted Positive Point Mutual Information) is used to vectorize words in the notes. By calculating cosine similarity between these word vectors, keywords denoting the same smoking status are identified.

RESULTS

Compared to other keyword extraction methods (word co-occurrence-, PMI-, and NPMI-based methods), our proposed approach improves keyword extraction precision by as much as 20.0%. These extracted keywords are used in classifying 4 smoking statuses from our bilingual clinical notes. Given an identical SVM classifier, the extracted keywords improve the F1 score by as much as 1.8% compared to those of the unigram and bigram Bag of Words.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study shows the potential of SPPMI in classifying smoking status from bilingual, unstructured EHRs. Our current findings show how smoking information can be easily acquired and used for clinical practice and research.
Exergaming Using Postural Feedback From Wearable Sensors and Exercise Therapy to Improve Postural Balance in People With Nonspecific Low Back Pain: Protocol for a Factorial Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Meinke Anita , Peters Rick , Knols Ruud , Karlen Walter , Swanenburg Jaap
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

Physical exercise is a common treatment for people with low back pain (LBP). Wearable sensors that provide feedback on body movements and posture during exercise may enhance postural balance and motor control in people with LBP.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to investigate whether physical exercising with postural feedback (EPF) improves postural balance, motor control, and patient-reported outcomes in people with LBP.

METHODS

The study was an assessor-blinded 2×2 factorial trial. We planned to recruit 80 participants with nonspecific LBP who did not receive treatment for LBP. In addition, we aimed to recruit 40 patients with chronic, nonspecific LBP who were receiving exercise therapy (ET) at the University Hospital Zurich. Both ET patients and participants without treatment were randomized to receive either an additional EPF intervention or no additional intervention. This resulted in four different combinations of interventions: ET+EPF, ET, EPF, and no intervention. The participants underwent outcome assessments at inclusion (T1); 3 weeks later, at randomization (T2); after an intervention period of 3 weeks with a predefined exercise schedule for participants receiving EPF (T3); and after an additional 6 weeks, during which participants assigned to the EPF groups could exercise as much as they wished (T4). Patients receiving ET completed their regularly prescribed therapies during the study period. Balance was assessed during quiet standing on a force platform, and motor control was assessed during a lifting task and a waiter’s bow task. Physical activity was recorded using an activity tracker and the participants’ mobile phones during the study. The predefined EPF schedule consisted of nine sessions of 20 minutes of exercise with a tablet and inertial measurement unit sensors at home. Participants performed a series of trunk and hip movements and received feedback on their movements in a gamified environment displayed on the tablet.

RESULTS

The first participant was recruited in May 2019. Data collection was completed in October 2020, with 3 patients and 32 eligible people without therapy who passed the eligibility check.

CONCLUSIONS

Although it will not be possible to investigate differences in patients and people without other therapies, we expect this pilot study to provide insights into the potential of EPF to improve balance in people with LBP and adherence to such interventions.

CLINICALTRIAL

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/26982
Physiological Demand, Metabolic Requirements, and User-Perceived Exertion of Immersive Virtual Reality Exergaming Incorporating an Adaptive Cable Resistance System: An Exploratory Study (Preprint)
Authors: Hu Jonathan , Browne Jonathan D , Arnold Michael T , Robinson Anthony , Heacock Marin F , Ku Richard , Mologne Mitchell , Baum Gracie R , Ikemiya Kayla A , Neufeld Eric V , Dolezal Brett A
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

The intersection of games and exercise has sparked the growth of novel training systems with the potential to promote quality physical activity. Innovations in Immersive Virtual Reality (IVR) have propelled “exergaming” to the forefront of the fitness landscape. Researchers have yet to fully explore the physiological and metabolic efficacy and applications of the immersive environment and interactive programming.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to measure metabolic (i.e., energy expenditure (EE)) and physiological (i.e., heart rate (HR)) demands and subjective fatigue and enjoyment scores during a signature 30-minute IVR adaptive cable resistance exergaming session.

METHODS

Fourteen healthy, college-aged individuals (7 females) were initially acquainted with the equipment and acclimated to the virtual reality and gameplay dynamics. Participants then completed a signature 30-minute exergaming session using an IVR adaptive cable resistance system (Black Box VR ®) that incorporated chest press, squat, row, lat pulldown, overhead press, and stiff leg deadlift. During the session, a portable metabolic gas exchange analysis system assessed energy expenditure by indirect calorimetry and a chest-worn monitor captured heart rate. Immediately following the session, participants completed questionnaires including the Borg scale for Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE), the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES), and the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ).

RESULTS

EE was greater in males compared to females in terms of kcal/min (P = 0.001), total kcal (P = 0.001), and metabolic equivalents (P = 0.029). Females demonstrated a higher average HR (P = 0.020) and HR as a percentage of theoretical HRmax (P = 0.018). The overall mean metabolic equivalent (MET) during the session was 12.9 (0.5). Men achieved greater volume of total weight lifted during the session (P < 0.001) and with chest press (P = 0.005), overhead press (P = 0.001), stiff-leg deadlift (P = 0.002), and squat (P = 0.015). For the questionnaires, the mean (SD) of RPE, PACES and SSQ was 14 (1), 4.31 (0.36) and 24.04 (24.13), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

IVR exergaming with resistance cable training elicits substantial EE and very high physiological demand while attenuating perceived psychological and physical fatigue. Further investigations of IVR utility should explore nuanced muscle recruitment patterns during training and long-term regimen adherence.
Who is Setting Emotions? A Comparative Study on Emotion Diffusion in Social Media among Public, Government and Media during the COVID-19 Pandemic in China (Preprint)
Authors: Zhou Shuhuan , Wang Yi
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

During the COVID-19 outbreak, social media served as the main platform for information exchange, through which the Chinese government, media and public would spread information. At the same time, a variety of emotions interweave, and the public emotions would also be affected by the government and media.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to investigate the types, trends and relationships of emotional diffusion in Chinese social media among the public, the government and the media under the pandemic of COVID-19 (December 30,2019, to July 1,2020) .

METHODS

In this paper, Python 3.7.0 and its data crawling framework Scrapy 1.5.1 are used to write a web crawler program to search for super topics related to COVID-19 on Sina Weibo platform of different keywords . Then, we used emotional lexicon to analyze the types and trends of the public, government and media emotions on social media. Finally cross-lagged regression was applied to build the relationships of different subjects’ emotions.

RESULTS

The highlights of our study are threefold: (1) The public, the government and the media mainly diffuse positive emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic in China; (2) Emotional diffusion shows a certain change over time, and negative emotions are obvious in the initial phase of the pandemic, with the development of the pandemic, positive emotions surpass negative emotions and remain stable. (3)The impact among the three main emotions with the period as the time point is weak, while the impact of emotion with the day as the time point is relatively obvious. The emotions of the public and the government impact each other, and the media emotions can guide the public emotions.

CONCLUSIONS

This is the first study of comparing pubic, government and media emotions on the social media during COVID-19 pandemic in China. The pubic, the government and the media mainly diffuse positive emotions during the pandemic. And the government and the media have better effect on short-term emotional guidance. Therefore, when the pandemic suddenly occurs, the government and the media should intervene in time to solve problems and conflicts and diffuse positive and neutral emotions. In this regard, the government and the media can play important roles through social media in the major outbreaks. At the theoretical level, this paper takes China's epidemic environment and social media as the background to provide one of the explanatory perspectives for the spread of emotions on social media. At the some time, because of this special background, it can provide comparison and reference for the research on internet emotions in other countries.
Mining and Validating Social Media Data for COVID-19–Related Human Behaviors Between January and July 2020: Infodemiology Study (Preprint)
Authors: Daughton Ashlynn R , Shelley Courtney D , Barnard Martha , Gerts Dax , Watson Ross Chrysm , Crooker Isabel , Nadiga Gopal , Mukundan Nilesh , Vaquera Chavez Nidia Yadira , Parikh Nidhi , Pitts Travis , Fairchild Geoffrey
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

Health authorities can minimize the impact of an emergent infectious disease outbreak through effective and timely risk communication, which can build trust and adherence to subsequent behavioral messaging. Monitoring the psychological impacts of an outbreak, as well as public adherence to such messaging, is also important for minimizing long-term effects of an outbreak.

OBJECTIVE

We used social media data from Twitter to identify human behaviors relevant to COVID-19 transmission, as well as the perceived impacts of COVID-19 on individuals, as a first step toward real-time monitoring of public perceptions to inform public health communications.

METHODS

We developed a coding schema for 6 categories and 11 subcategories, which included both a wide number of behaviors as well codes focused on the impacts of the pandemic (eg, economic and mental health impacts). We used this to develop training data and develop supervised learning classifiers for classes with sufficient labels. Classifiers that performed adequately were applied to our remaining corpus, and temporal and geospatial trends were assessed. We compared the classified patterns to ground truth mobility data and actual COVID-19 confirmed cases to assess the signal achieved here.

RESULTS

We applied our labeling schema to approximately 7200 tweets. The worst-performing classifiers had F1 scores of only 0.18 to 0.28 when trying to identify tweets about monitoring symptoms and testing. Classifiers about social distancing, however, were much stronger, with F1 scores of 0.64 to 0.66. We applied the social distancing classifiers to over 228 million tweets. We showed temporal patterns consistent with real-world events, and we showed correlations of up to –0.5 between social distancing signals on Twitter and ground truth mobility throughout the United States.

CONCLUSIONS

Behaviors discussed on Twitter are exceptionally varied. Twitter can provide useful information for parameterizing models that incorporate human behavior, as well as for informing public health communication strategies by describing awareness of and compliance with suggested behaviors.
Gaps in Public Awareness About BRCA and Genetic Testing in Prostate Cancer: Social Media Landscape Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Loeb Stacy , Massey Philip , Leader Amy E , Thakker Sameer , Falge Emily , Taneja Sabina , Byrne Nataliya , Rose Meredith , Joy Matthew , Walter Dawn , Katz Matthew S , Wong Risa L , Selvan Preethi , Keith Scott W , Giri Veda N
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

Genetic testing, particularly for BRCA1/2, is increasingly important in prostate cancer (PCa) care, with impact on PCa management and hereditary cancer risk. However, the extent of public awareness and online discourse on social media is unknown, and presents opportunities to identify gaps and enhance population awareness and uptake of advances in PCa precision medicine.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to characterize activity and engagement across multiple social media platforms (Twitter, Facebook, and YouTube) regarding BRCA and genetic testing for PCa compared with breast cancer, which has a long history of public awareness, advocacy, and prominent social media presence.

METHODS

The Symplur Signals online analytics platform was used to obtain metrics for tweets about (1) #BRCA and #breastcancer, (2) #BRCA and #prostatecancer, (3) #genetictesting and #breastcancer, and (4) #genetictesting and #prostatecancer from 2016 to 2020. We examined the total number of tweets, users, and reach for each hashtag, and performed content analysis for a subset of tweets. Facebook and YouTube were queried using analogous search terms, and engagement metrics were calculated.

RESULTS

During a 5-year period, there were 10,005 tweets for #BRCA and #breastcancer, versus 1008 tweets about #BRCA and #prostatecancer. There were also more tweets about #genetictesting and #breastcancer (n=1748), compared with #genetic testing and #prostatecancer (n=328). Tweets about genetic testing (12,921,954) and BRCA (75,724,795) in breast cancer also had substantially greater reach than those about PCa (1,463,777 and 4,849,905, respectively). Facebook groups and pages regarding PCa and BRCA/genetic testing had fewer average members, new members, and new posts, as well as fewer likes and followers, compared with breast cancer. Facebook videos had more engagement than YouTube videos across both PCa and breast cancer content.

CONCLUSIONS

There is substantially less social media engagement about BRCA and genetic testing in PCa compared with breast cancer. This landscape analysis provides insights into strategies for leveraging social media platforms to increase public awareness about PCa germline testing, including use of Facebook to share video content and Twitter for discussions with health professionals.
Anomaly Detection Algorithm for Real-World Data and Evidence in Clinical Research: Implementation, Evaluation, and Validation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Churová Vendula , Vyškovský Roman , Maršálová Kateřina , Kudláček David , Schwarz Daniel
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

Statistical analysis, which has become an integral part of evidence-based medicine, relies heavily on data quality that is of critical importance in modern clinical research. Input data are not only at risk of being falsified or fabricated, but also at risk of being mishandled by investigators.

OBJECTIVE

The urgent need to assure the highest data quality possible has led to the implementation of various auditing strategies designed to monitor clinical trials and detect errors of different origin that frequently occur in the field. The objective of this study was to describe a machine learning–based algorithm to detect anomalous patterns in data created as a consequence of carelessness, systematic error, or intentionally by entering fabricated values.

METHODS

A particular electronic data capture (EDC) system, which is used for data management in clinical registries, is presented including its architecture and data structure. This EDC system features an algorithm based on machine learning designed to detect anomalous patterns in quantitative data. The detection algorithm combines clustering with a series of 7 distance metrics that serve to determine the strength of an anomaly. For the detection process, the thresholds and combinations of the metrics were used and the detection performance was evaluated and validated in the experiments involving simulated anomalous data and real-world data.

RESULTS

Five different clinical registries related to neuroscience were presented—all of them running in the given EDC system. Two of the registries were selected for the evaluation experiments and served also to validate the detection performance on an independent data set. The best performing combination of the distance metrics was that of Canberra, Manhattan, and Mahalanobis, whereas Cosine and Chebyshev metrics had been excluded from further analysis due to the lowest performance when used as single distance metric–based classifiers.

CONCLUSIONS

The experimental results demonstrate that the algorithm is universal in nature, and as such may be implemented in other EDC systems, and is capable of anomalous data detection with a sensitivity exceeding 85%.
Hydrothermal Alteration of High Sulfidation Epithermal Deposits in Secang Area, Tulungagung, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Titisari Anastasia Dewi , Pratomo Septyo Uji , Idrus Arifudin
Published: January 2021

This research aims to determine geological condition and alteration in an epithermal high sulfidation mineralization as an initial guide for further exploration stages. Detailed geological mapping with scale of 1:12,500 is conducted to identify geological aspects and distribution of alteration zones. Selected rocks samples were prepared for laboratory analysis which are petrography, XRD (X-Ray Diffraction), and FA-AAS (Fire Assay-Atomic Absorption Spectrometry) analyse. Geological condition of the study area consists of six rock units including andesite lava, andesite breccia, diorite intrusion, polymict breccia, limestone, and alluvial deposit. Geological structures found are left strike-slip fault with right strike-slip fault as accompany. Result of XRD analysis shows the presence of clay minerals group: smectite, kaolinite, illite, diaspore, alunite, and pyrophillite. The alteration zones of study area are propylitic, argillic, advance argillic, and silisification zones. The further exploration stage is recommended to focus at the southwest and northeast of study area.
Abolitionist Networks: Modeling Language Change in Nineteenth-Century Activist Newspapers
Authors: Soni Sandeep , Klein Lauren F. , Eisenstein Jacob
Published: January 2021

The abolitionist movement of the nineteenth-century United States remains among the most significant social and political movements in US history. Abolitionist newspapers played a crucial role in spreading information and shaping public opinion around a range of issues relating to the abolition of slavery. These newspapers also serve as a primary source of information about the movement for scholars today, resulting in powerful new accounts of the movement and its leaders. This paper supplements recent qualitative work on the role of women in abolition’s vanguard, as well as the role of the Black press, with a quantitative text modeling approach. Using diachronic word embeddings, we identify which newspapers tended to lead lexical semantic innovations — the introduction of new usages of specific words — and which newspapers tended to follow. We then aggregate the evidence across hundreds of changes into a weighted network with the newspapers as nodes; directed edge weights represent the frequency with which each newspaper led the other in the adoption of a lexical semantic change. Analysis of this network reveals pathways of lexical semantic influence, distinguishing leaders from followers, as well as others who stood apart from the semantic changes that swept through this period. More specifically, we find that two newspapers edited by women – The Provincial Freeman and The Lily – led a large number of semantic changes in our corpus, lending additional credence to the argument that a multiracial coalition of women led the abolitionist movement in terms of both thought and action. It also contributes additional complexity to the scholarship that has sought to tease apart the relation of the abolitionist movement to the women’s suffrage movement, and the vexed racial politics that characterized their relation.
Exome Chip Analyses and Genetic Risk for IgA Nephropathy among Han Chinese
Authors: Zhou Xu-jie , Tsoi Lam C. , Hu Yong , Patrick Matthew T. , He Kevin , Berthier Celine C. , Li Yanming , Wang Yan-na , Qi Yuan-yuan , Zhang Yue-miao , Gan Ting , Li Yang , Hou Ping , Liu Li-jun , Shi Su-fang , Lv Ji-cheng , Xu Hu-ji , Zhang Hong
Published: January 2021

Background and objectives

IgA nephropathy is the most common form of primary GN worldwide. The evidence of geographic and ethnic differences, as well as familial aggregation of the disease, supports a strong genetic contribution to IgA nephropathy. Evidence for genetic factors in IgA nephropathy comes also from genome-wide association patient-control studies. However, few studies have systematically evaluated the contribution of coding variation in IgA nephropathy.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

We performed a two-stage exome chip–based association study in 13,242 samples, including 3363 patients with IgA nephropathy and 9879 healthy controls of Han Chinese ancestry. Common variant functional annotation, gene-based low-frequency variants analysis, differential mRNA expression, and gene network integration were also explored.

Results

We identified three non-HLA gene regions (FBXL21, CCR6, and STAT3) and one HLA gene region (GABBR1) with suggestive significance (P

meta
<5×10−5) in single-variant associations. These novel non-HLA variants were annotated as expression-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms and were located in enhancer regions enriched in histone marks H3K4me1 in primary B cells. Gene-based low-frequency variants analysis suggests CFB as another potential susceptibility gene. Further combined expression and network integration suggested that the five novel susceptibility genes, TGFBI, CCR6, STAT3, GABBR1, and CFB, were involved in IgA nephropathy.

Conclusions

Five novel gene regions with suggestive significance for IgA nephropathy were identified and shed new light for further mechanism investigation.
Women’s Emancipation in the Western Grasslands of Cameroon, 1975-2010: Inculcating International Conventions
Authors: Lukong Mathilda Yenla
Published: January 2021

Every 8th March is celebrated in Cameroon as the International Women’s day in a bid to galvanise and continue to create awareness, on the strides made by women in so far as women emancipation is concerned worldwide. All these stemmed from without and within as it were international and national obligation to ensure that women should not still be relegated behind in matters of development. Ever since this wave of thought began in the 1940s with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and beyond the women of the Western Grasslands of Cameroon have come a long way but were still to reach their destination as far as full emancipation was concerned. What were the obstacles? Through observatory and statutory data, and manifestations, gender equality was still far-fetched when it came to customary tenets of ethnic groups found in this region. However, International Conferences, National and Non-Governmental Organisations have played greater roles in enhancing the emancipation of women in various domains as examined by this paper in the Western Grasslands of Cameroon. Hence government should come up with more mechanisms with which more enforcement of international and national laws should be upheld to the fullest
Res Medica - RMS Conference Special Edition 2012
Authors: Waddell James F
Published: January 2021

Abstracts from the 2012 RMS Conference.
Canadian Journalism Programs’ Response to Local News Poverty: The Challenges of Doing More
Authors: Haney Sally , Paskey Janice
Published: January 2021

Background This study is the first to examine Canadian postsecondary journalism programs as generators of local news. Motivated by growing local news poverty in Canada, the study investigated local news terrain from the vantage point of journalism faculty involved in program-based publications.

Analysis Survey results from faculty based in 22 English language Canadian universities, colleges, and technical institutes revealed active local news publishing environments, some of which included collaborations with media and non-media partners.

Conclusions and implications While survey and focus group data showed strong faculty interest in expanding local news contributions by Canadian journalism students, participants also identified the pragmatic, economic, and pedagogical challenges of doing more.
Methylcobalamine (Vitamin B12): Water Soluble Vitamin with Various Pharmacological Aspect
Authors: Yadav Roopesh Kumar , Mishra Sudhanshu , Jain Deepti
Published: January 2021

Vitamin B12 is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a key role in the brain's proper functioning and nervous system, in blood flow, and in reducing weakness and tiredness. In their food, most people get adequate vitamin B12, but in some health conditions (e.g. inadequate sleep, stomach/intestinal disorders, inflammation, cancer), there could be a shortage. If left unchecked, severe Vitamin B12 deficiency results in anemia and nerve damage. Vitamin B12 deficiency is typically treated using parenteral and oral dosage formulations, but absorption and compliance problems are involved with these routes of administration. Most significantly, the function of this missing intrinsic factor has been shown to assist in vitamin B12 absorption and a deficiency known as pernicious anaemia. Vitamin B12 is only partially absorbed when delivered by mouth to patients with pernicious anemia, but hematologically re-absorbed in patients with pernicious anemia. Parenteral administration of the extrinsic element will treat pernicious anaemia satisfactorily. There are several roles and advantages of vitamin B 12 in the human body with therapeutic effects also.

Keywords: Water Soluble Vitamins, Methylcobalamine, Vitamin B12, Pernicious Anaemia.
Water regime and dust retention capacity of silver birch Betula pendula Roth. in Northern Kazakhstan
Authors: Kabanov Andrey N. , Kabanova Svetlana A. , Danchenko Matvey A. , Kochegarov Igor S.
Published: January 2021

The purpose of the research was to determine the water regime and identify the nature of dust retention capacity of assimilation apparatus in artificial birch stands in green zone of Nur-Sultan (Northern Kazakhstan). The objects of the research were 16-year-old Betula pendula Roth. forest crops, some of which were transplanted at the age of 8 into the interrow space. Some water regime features of forest crops were considered to determine their adaptive ability to soil and climatic conditions. The intensity of leaf transpiration, relative water content in leaves, and water deficiency were studied. When making observations, it was found that there was no reliable difference between the water regime indicators in the sample areas in transplanted and non-transplanted crops. So, the results of the research are presented without taking into account peculiarities of the sample area location. A high water-holding capacity of the plant leaves was revealed, it amounted 96.98 %. The average transpiration rate during the growing season was 176 mg/g ∙ h, with the highest average transpiration rate (229 mg/g ∙ h) detected in July, and the lowest in August (162 mg/g ∙ h). The data obtained showed weak intensity of moisture evaporation by leaves. This indicates a low water deficit of the plants, which was 8.96 % after leaf was fully saturated with moisture. Ratio of retained dust and leaf area of silver birch showed that 1 cm2 of assimilation apparatus accumulated on average 0.1 mg of particulate matter. The amount of dust revealed that at a high location, more particulate matter is accumulated per unit area of assimilation apparatus than at a low location. The largest amount of dust (0.117 mg cm2) was deposited at a distance of 1000 meters from the highway, and the smallest amount (0.091 mg/cm2) - at a distance of 200 meters. Topographic features and presence of protective birch strip influenced this fact. The research revealed that a large leaf area is not a guarantee of high dust retention capacity.
Productivity of soybean varieties under different irrigation regimes
Authors: Tolokonnikov Vladimir V. , Kancer Galina P. , Koshkarova Tatyana S. , Chamurliev Georgy O.
Published: January 2021

Abstract. World soybean acreage increases by 3 million hectares annually with average yield of 2.7 t/ha. Significant growth of soybean production in Russia is constrained by increased climate aridization and a declining yield of up to 1.5 t/ha. An important factor in intensification of soybean production is to expand its crops under irrigation. Introduction of adapted and high-yielding varieties of regional selection, followed by improvement of crop water supply, increases yields up to 34 t/ha. Soybean varieties selected by Russian Research Institute of Irrigated Agriculture and admitted to production in the Lower Volga region: VNIIOZ 86 (since 2002), VNIIOZ 31 (since 2011), Volgogradka 2 (since 2020) were studied. The experiments were conducted at Russian Research Institute of Irrigated Agriculture in 2013-2015. The experiment included two factors: factor A - varieties, factor B - irrigation regime (70-80-70 % of FMC, 80-80-70 % of FMC and control - 80-80-80 % of FMC). Plots of the 1st (600 m2) and 2nd (200 m2) order were sown in 4-fold replication by a wide-row method (0.7 m) in mid-May with a planned yield of 2.53.5 t/ha (N90P90K60 a. i./ha). Soybean varieties differed in peculiarities of crop structure formation. Differentiated irrigation regime resulted in more cost-efficient water consumption followed by yield increase compared to the control. The highest yields were formed by Volgogradka 2 variety (2.873.23 t/ha) and VNIIOZ 31 (2.823.19 t/ha), which was significantly higher than in VNIIOZ 86 variety (2.172.51 t/ha). The variable irrigation regime led to yield increase in all soybean varieties, especially in Volgogradka 2 - by 0.310.36 t/ha (10.812.5 %) as compared to the control. It was due to grain increase to 30.936.2 % in the total biomass compared to the control values - 26.627.5 %. The highest amount of post-harvest plant residues (stems, leaves and roots) remained after harvesting Volgogradka 2 (6.397.63 t/ha) and VNIIOZ 31(6.737.9 t/ha), which improved soil fertility well, and the smallest amount was after VNIIOZ 86 variety (4.415.66 t/ha). Differentiated irrigation regime led to decrease in vegetative mass in soil - 4.417.42 t/ha compared to the control (5.667.9 t/ha). Thus, Volgogradka 2 and VNIIOZ 31 can be recommended for irrigated agriculture in the Lower Volga region, as they provide high yields under differentiated (relatively cost-efficient) irrigation regime and improve soil fertility due to large biomass remained in soil after harvesting.
Strategi Pemasaran Digital Lembaga Filantropi Islam
Authors: Junidar Ulfa
Published: January 2021

Strategy digital marketing is a step taken by the Islamic philanthropic institution in introducing all products or social programs by disseminating information, approaching/offering to potential donors to be willing to help materially and morally by using online digital media in a certain period of time. Islamic philanthropy is the act of a Muslim who loves his fellow human beings and the value of humanity, thus contributing his time, money, and energy to help others with Islamic values. The purpose of this study is to examine the marketing strategies used by PKPU and Rumah Zakat through digital media in disseminating each program of the institution and to analyze strategy digital marketing to the collection and distribution of ZIS funds by PKPU and Rumah Zakat from 2012-2017. This research is qualitative research with a descriptive analysis method that focuses on the primary data source and secondary data. Methods of data collection are observation, interviews, and online media surveys. The results show that strategy digital marketing used by PKPU and Rumah Zakat with an Integrated digital marketing method consisting of content marketing, mobile marketing, continuous marketing, visual marketing, personalized marketing. Strategy digital marketing is giving a positive influence on the collection and distribution of people's funds by PKPU and Rumah Zakat. It is suggested that to develop institutional capacity in providing human resources of Islamic philanthropy is expected to keep increasing the creative and innovative IT capability in marketing the program and also make it easier for potential donors and donors to access the offered programs.
Penyelesaian Perkara Anak yang Berhadapan dengan Hukum Menurut Undang-Undang No. 11 Tahun 2012
Authors: Rachmawati Rachmawati
Published: January 2021

The repressive juvenile justice paradigm has begun to be abandoned and replaced by the concept of solving a child criminal case with a restorative concept that views all parties, perpetrators, victims, and communities having equal opportunity to resolve conflicts caused by a crime. The restorative concept is in conformity with the conventions agreed upon by countries in the world in the Convention on the rights of the child in 1990 with international instruments including Beijing Rule dated 29 November 1985. The study of the crime against children in Islam has existed before the rule of the child in the ancient conventional low. The objective of punishment in Islam is not only to recognize the retributive objectives as the main objective in criminal prosecution but also to recognize other objectives such as the rehabilitation of the perpetrator and also the restorative between the perpetrator and the victim. Here is the interesting thing that will be studied comprehensively related Maqasid Al Syari’ah in applying restorative justice especially in case of child face to law. See the complexity that accompanied restorative justice in children facing the law, the authors are interested to examine the settlement of lawsuits children in accordance with the law no 11 of 2012 analysis Maqasid Al syari’ah this research is library research, descriptive analysis and analyze data qualitative with inductive method. The approach used is normative juridical, by looking at restorative justice in the penal law of Indonesia, this research aims to know the value of Maqasid Al Syari’ah in process of settlement of child crime case and examining view of Islam law to restorative justice value contained in law no 11 of 2012. After the research, it can be conclude that the application of restorative justice has long been adopted in the Islamic legal system, precisely on qiyas-diyat criminal acts. In the context of children, the application of restorative justice is more accommodated, given the urgency and for the benefit of the child as the nation’s successor. Whereas in viewing restorative justice in the SPPA act indicates the existence of reconciliation effort of forgiveness, correction of relationship, there is also structural responsibility as balancing individual responsibility, all of which obviously accommodated in the purpose of punishment Al-isti’adah.
Dampak Penyaluran Zakat Produktif Terhadap Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Mustahik (Kajian pada Lembaga Keuangan Mikro Syariah Baitul Mal Aceh)
Authors: Juliani Juliani
Published: January 2021

The productive distribution of zakat is expected to empower mustahik to accelerate poverty reduction. Therefore, Baitul Mal Aceh has formed Productive Zakat Management Unit which was later developed into Sharia Microfinance Institution (LKMS). The institution aims to empower the economy of the poor through productive distribution of zakat in the form of interest-free financing (Qardhul Hasan). Hence, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive study to discover to effect of the productive zakat on economic empowerment of mustahik. Specifically, the purpose of this study is to investigate: 1) the distribution of productive zakat (X), 2) economic empowerment of mustahik (Y), 3) the effect of productive zakat on economic empowerment of mustahik at LKMS Baitul Mal Aceh. This study performed regression equation method Y = a + bX. The data was collected by distributing questionnaires and there were 160 respondents chosen by using convention sampling technique. The results of study proved that LKMS Baitul Aceh has a good achievement in distributing productive zakat through utilization, target, and distribution. In term of economic empowerment of mustahik, the improvement is needed through training, business managing, and assisting.  The distribution of productive zakat (X) have a significant effect on economic empowerment of mustahik (Y) as tscore (3.637) >ttable (1.97509) and F score (13.231) >F table (3.9). In addition, p value (Sig) of 0.0000 is below alpha 5% proofing that hypothesis H1 is accepted which means there is a significant effect of the distribution of productive zakat on economic empowerment of mustahik at LKMS Baitul Mal Aceh. The regression equation obtained for Y = a + bX is Y = 55.511 + 0.149Y. The equation implies that the changes of 0.149 for dependent variable (Y) result from 1 point changes in the independent variable (X).