bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Telepsychiatry as catalysts for equitable Mental Health Care in Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Krysta K.
Published: August 2024

Telepsychiatry has emerged as a transformative force in the field of mental health care, addressing disparities in service delivery and increasing access to care. This exploration focuses on the role of telepsychiatry in achieving equitable mental health care for individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID). Intellectual disabilities affect millions globally, posing significant public health challenges. This vulnerable population encounters numerous barriers in accessing quality mental health care, including geographical isolation, limited transportation options, and a shortage of specialized providers. Telepsychiatry offers a promising solution, leveraging technology to overcome these challenges. The presentation reviews the current landscape of mental health care for individuals with intellectual disabilities and the specific barriers they encounter. It highlights the potential benefits of telepsychiatry, including increased availability of specialized care, reduced geographical barriers, and enhanced caregiver support. Ethical considerations and best practices associated with implementing telepsychiatry in the context of intellectual disabilities are discussed. Case studies and success stories illustrate how telepsychiatry positively impacts individuals with intellectual disabilities and their families. In conclusion, telepsychiatry plays a promising role in promoting equitable mental health care for individuals with intellectual disabilities. Embracing technology and adopting best practices pave the way for a more inclusive and accessible mental health care system, leaving no one behind.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Exploring the Interplay Between Early Maladaptive Schemas and Depression: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Zanfir A.-G.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Depression, a pervasive mood disorder, significantly impairs one’s quality of life. Early Maladaptive Schemas (EMS), ingrained thought patterns stemming from early life experiences, play a pivotal role in shaping adult beliefs and behaviors. This study delves into the relevance of specific EMS domains—Emotional Inhibition (EI), Negativity/Pessimism (NP), and Social Isolation/Alienation (SI)—in influencing the severity of depression among medical students and diagnosed patients.

Objectives

Our primary goal was to assess the correlation between specific EMS domains and depression severity in medical students and clinically diagnosed patients. We aimed to elucidate whether these schemas could serve as indicators for potential depressive tendencies or if they had a stronger association in those already diagnosed with depression.

Methods

We conducted a prospective cross-sectional analysis involving 73 medical students and 61 diagnosed depression patients (aged 18-32). Four key variables—Depression, EI, NP, and SI—were measured using the Beck Depression Inventory-2 and The Young Schema Questionnaire-Short-form-3 in the Romanian context. Statistical analyses, including correlation coefficients and t-tests, were employed to explore the relationships between EMS domains and depression severity.

Results

In the non-clinical sample, we identified moderate, statistically significant correlations between depression and EI (r=0.63), NP (r=0.71), and SI (r=0.59). Conversely, the clinical sample exhibited slightly weaker, yet significant correlations (EI-r=0.42, NP-r=0.39, SI-r=0.29). Notably, significant differences emerged between the groups in all measured variables. These findings imply that while a positive correlation between EMS variables and depression exists in both samples, the association weakens in diagnosed patients, indicating that these schemas may be less predictive in this population.

Conclusions

Our study underscores the importance of understanding EMS domains in assessing depression severity. While specific schemas—EI, NP, and SI—correlate with depression in both medical students and diagnosed patients, this link is notably weaker in the latter group. Elevated EMS variables suggest a potential for future subclinical depression in medical students, but they might not strongly predict depression in those already diagnosed. These nuanced insights have implications for preventive interventions and therapeutic approaches tailored to individuals at different stages of depression, thereby enhancing targeted mental health care strategies.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
A comparative study of depression, anxiety, loneliness, well-being and self-esteem among patients with and without Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Efstathiou V. , Theodoridou I. , Karvouni A. , Kaloudi E. , Bali P. , Papadopoulou A.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Individuals diagnosed with Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) often experience recurring and painful symptoms, which can significantly affect their daily life, while hospitalization and/or surgery may be needed when they present complications. During the course of the disease, IBD patients may experience feelings of anxiety and/or depression and present decreased well-being.

Objectives

The aim of the present study was to investigate depression, anxiety, loneliness, well-being and self-esteem in patients with IBD in comparison to individuals without IBD (healthy controls), while taking into consideration demographic and clinical parameters

Methods

The study included 164 participants and in particular 98 patients with IBD and 66 healthy controls matched for sex and age. All participants completed Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) to assess depression and anxiety, UCLA Loneliness Scale to assess feelings of loneliness, Mental Health Continuum Short Form (MHC-SF) to assess well-being and Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSES) to assess self-esteem, while socio-demographic and clinical data were additionally recorded.

Results

According to the results, statistically significant differences were observed in all psychological parameters with IBD patients presenting higher depression (p<0.001), higher anxiety (p=0.002), higher loneliness (p=0.002), lower well-being (p=0.019) and lower self-esteem (p<0.001) compared to healthy controls. Among IBD patients, higher well-being was independently associated with higher self-esteem and lower anxiety, but not with depression, loneliness or patients’ sex and age.

Conclusions

The findings highlight the importance of investigating and timely detecting psychological symptoms among patients with IBD, with a view to providing them an integrative physical and mental health care.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Translation and validation of the Greek versions of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale, the Obsession with COVID-19 Scale and the Coronavirus Reassurance-Seeking Behaviors Scale
Authors: Bakola M. , Kitsou K. S. , Angelidou V. , Giannakopoulos A. , Drakopoulou M. , Mavridou K. , Kalianezos P. , Argyropoulos K. , Petropoulos C. , Charalambous G. , Gourzis P. , Lee S. A. , Jelastopulu E.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Understanding coronophobia, or the heightened fear and anxiety related to the COVID-19 pandemic, involves assessing physiological, cognitive, and behavioral measures.

Objectives

We aimed to develop a Greek version of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS), the Obsession with COVID-19 Scale (OCS), and the Coronavirus Reassurance-Seeking Behaviors Scale (CRBS), to identify groups that appear vulnerable to this form of pandemic-related anxiety.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional online study from February to April 2021 in Greek-speaking people living in Cyprus. Participants completed sociodemographic questions and questions related to COVID-19, the CAS, OCS, and the CRBS. All three scales are rated on a 5-point scale, from 0 (not at all) to 4 (nearly every day). For CAS, a score ≥ 9 indicates probable dysfunctional coronavirus-related anxiety, for OCS a ≥ 7 score indicates probable dysfunctional thinking about COVID-19, and for CRBS score ≥ 12 suggests above-average reassurance-seeking activity.

Results

A total of 405 adults (66.4% women) from Cyprus participated in this study. The results of this study demonstrate that these Greek adapted measures have adequate reliability (Cronbach’s alphas >0.70) and factor structure (exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis support). However, only the CAS demonstrated both convergent and divergent validity. Education personnel, housekeepers, and older adults were also found to have higher coronavirus anxiety relative to their counterparts.

Conclusions

The findings of this research support the use of these coronaphobia scales in Cyprus and other Greek-speaking populations. Assessing the potential for fear-driven behaviors may be of great benefit to both clinicians and researchers, helping to identify individuals at risk, adapt interventions, and improve our understanding of the psychological consequences of surviving a public health emergency.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Exploring the Philosophy of Mind and Its Implications for Psychiatry
Authors: Gomes M. , Fernandes A. , Veloso P. , Santos V.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Philosophy of mind grapples with fundamental questions concerning the Consciousness, the Mind-body problem, the Identity, and Free will (as opposed to Determinism). In the context of psychiatry, this philosophical groundwork provides a conceptual framework for comprehending the intricate workings of the human psyche.

Objectives

We aim to discuss how the philosophical investigation of the mind influence and enhance psychiatrists understanding of psychiatric disorders and patient-centered
care.

Methods

Review of the literature.

Results

Philosophy of mind explores what it means to be conscious and the nature of subjective experience. This includes questions about the “hard problem” of consciousness, that refers to the difficulty of explaining why and how physical processes in the brain give rise to subjective, first-person experiences (or qualia). The “hard problem” posits that even if we knew everything about the brain’s physical processes and how they relate to cognitive functions, we would still lack an explanation for why these processes give rise to subjective consciousness. Psychiatry often deals with individuals who experience disturbances in their subjective conscious experiences, so the “hard problem” perspective allows psychiatrists to appreciate the diversity of conscious experiences and to empathize with their patients’ unique mental worlds.

Related with the previous topic is the mind-body problem. The elucidation of this problem highlights the challenge of reconciling mental phenomena with neurobiological processes. Integrating philosophical notions of dualism, materialism, and emergentism into psychiatric practice is essential for addressing the holistic nature of mental health.

Concerning to philosophical perspectives on personal identity, questions about the continuity of identity, selfhood, and the role of narrative in shaping one’s sense of self contribute to a deeper understanding of disorders like dissociative identity disorder, borderline personality disorder and even psychosis.

Furthermore, philosophical discussions on free will and determinism are pertinent to psychiatric ethics and the treatment of individuals with behavioral disorders, informing the ethical considerations surrounding involuntary psychiatric hospitalization, medication administration, and the delicate balance between autonomy and paternalism in psychiatric care.

Conclusions

Philosophy of mind provides psychiatry with a rich conceptual landscape, offering insights into the nature of mental phenomena. As our understanding of the brain and consciousness continues to evolve, the philosophy of mind remains an evolving area of philosophical inquiry.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Teaching clinical phenomenology in a post-graduate medical training program
Authors: Mehl-Madrona L.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Patient care suffers when practitioners do not understand the patient’s experience of the illness. This is especially true in psychiatry relative to patients having learned the jargon and studying the diagnostic criteria for various mental disorders using internet search engines, especially Google. Patients more commonly present with a list of symptoms that match the checklist for their self-diagnosis. Their experience may be quite different from the words they use to present their symptoms to medical personnel. More than ever, psychiatric providers need to unpack the words their patients use to discover the actual experience. K. Toombs has written exquisitely about clinical phenomenology in the context of her diagnosis of multiple sclerosis and her negotiation of a medical system that largely ignored her lived experience. This algorithmic, checklist approach to human suffering derives from an understanding of clinical practice in which the practitioner applies scientific knowledge of the bodily processes of diseases, recognizing those diseases by inquiring about the presence of symptoms characterizing those diseases and then rendering treatments based upon statistical studies (preferably randomized, controlled trials) of large groups of individuals. Within this approach, little need exists to encounter the person with the disease as an actual human being, an Other in the sense of Levinas. This approach suffers because even history-taking requires an encounter with an Other in which the internal, private experience of this Other must be heard and made part of the clinical process. This approach can ignore the role of the doctor-patient relationship and the clinical encounter in symptom relief.

Objectives

To describe an educational program in clinical phenomenology that was well received by trainees who rated that it improved their practice.

Methods

In this presentation, we will describe our efforts at teaching clinical phenomenology and psychiatry within a residency training program, in which we encourage trainees to develop deeper listening skills through conducting life story interviews, motivational interviewing techniques, and narrative approaches in which they search for the metaphors underlying the patients’ illness. We will describe factors influencing trainees’ acceptance or rejection of these approaches and the change in the culture of our training program and clinic that have arisen from their implementation.

Results

One hundred and twenty residents have taken this course. Eighty-eight percent reported improved clinical skills and ability to relate to patients.

Conclusions

The practice of medicine does not exist independently from the relationships in which medicine is practiced and a thorough understanding of the lived experience and experience of the patient is necessary for accurate diagnosis, psychiatric or medical, and for discovery of a treatment approach with the patient.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
The nurses’ assessment of the psychiatric care quality and the development of measures to improve it
Authors: Mitikhin V. , Solokhina T. , Burygina L. , Alieva L.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

The development of the methodology for the psychiatric care quality managing is associated with the implementation of criteria and standards, systematic evaluation and the continuous improvement of the care quality. Important role in assessing the care quality belongs to the specialists of the psychiatric services, who are both “providers” and “internal consumers” of care. At the same time, it is especially significant to take into consideration the opinion of nurses, as the largest group of specialists working in psychiatric institutions and directly providing treatment and care for patients.

Objectives

To assess the quality of care by nurses of psychiatric institutions and to develop evaluation criteria and measures to improve the quality of care.

Methods

Questionnaire «Assessing the satisfaction with quality of care by medical staff of psychiatric institution», including 78 questions about the quality of the structure, process and results of activities (Solokhina et al., 2014); adapted questionnaire «Assessment of the burden of psychiatric staff working in psychiatric institution», including 52 questions (WHO, 1994). The study involved 35 nurses of inpatient and outpatient services of Moscow psychiatric hospital № 4 named after P.B. Gannushkin.

Results

It was found that 76,5% of respondents were satisfied with the quality of proved care in general and 78,2% of them were satisfied professional level of medical staff. The lower satisfaction was obtained when the other aspects were assessed. For example, only 58,6% of respondents were satisfied by relations with colleagues, 55,9% – by support from administration correspondingly. Dissatisfaction of nurses was related with working conditions, salary, excessive control by administration, insufficient professional training and lack of participation in the assessment of the institution’s activities.

It was revealed that the integral index of professional burden of nurses was at the average level (1,47±0,26). Inverse correlations between burden of staff and satisfaction with quality of care and institution’s activities were established. This allows to consider the professional burden as criterion in assessing the quality of care. Using obtained results, a training aimed at improving the communicative competence of medical personnel was developed and implemented in practice (Trushkina, Solokhina, 2019). For today more the 60 nurses have taken part in this training. The results demonstrate the professional growth of the participants and their communication patterns expansion.

Conclusions

Nurses’ satisfaction and indicators of professional burden both can be used as criteria of assessment of the psychiatric care quality. It is also necessary to introduce in psychiatric institutions training aimed at continuous professional skills improving.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
From ADHD to well-being: The Role of Rejection Sensitivity in college life
Authors: Müller V. , Pikó B.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Rejection-sensitivity is a prevalent yet understudied emotional symptom often associated with adult ADHD. While ADHD research typically focuses on behavioral and cognitive facets, emerging evidence highlights the significance of emotional symptoms. Emotional dysregulation in ADHD impacts psychological well-being and mental health. Our study examines how ADHD symptoms relate to rejection sensitivity, considering factors like resiliency, self-regulation, and overall well-being.

Objectives

Our study seeks to establish a direct connection between ADHD scores and rejection sensitivity among college students. We also investigate the mediating role of well-being, creative executive efficiency, self-regulation, and resilience, while exploring the moderating role of savoring capacity.

Methods

Between February and May of 2023, we conducted a cross-sectional study using an online questionnaire, gathering data from 304 Hungarian higher education students aged 18 to 35. The majority, 78.0%, were female, and 71.4% were full-time students. Most participants were pursuing a bachelor’s degree (56.6%), followed by undivided master’s (21.7%), doctoral studies (13.8%), and traditional master’s degrees (6.9%). We administered the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS-v.1.1), The Mental Health Test (MHT), and the Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire (A-RSQ) for our research.

Results

First, the ADHD scores were significantly associated with each mediator (well-being: β = -.343, p < .001; creative and executive efficiency: β = -.183, p < .01; self-regulation (β = -.230, p < .001; and resilience: β = -.321, p < .001). There was a direct effect of ADHD scores on rejection sensitivity scores (β = .466, p < .001). Finally, we also detected the indirect effects of ADHD scores on rejection sensitivity scores through the four mediators (β = .227, p < .001). Savoring capacity significantly moderated the relationship between ADHD and rejection sensitivity scores (β = -.244, p < .001).

Conclusions

ADHD scores in our study population significantly correlate with well-being, creative and executive efficiency, self-regulation, and resilience. Furthermore, these scores directly influence rejection sensitivity, suggesting a heightened vulnerability to perceived rejection among those with higher ADHD scores. The indirect effects emphasize that the relationship between ADHD and rejection sensitivity is mediated by the aforementioned positive psychological constructs. This underscores the need for holistic interventions in ADHD populations, addressing not just core ADHD symptoms but also enhancing well-being, cognitive efficiency, self-regulation, and resilience to potentially mitigate rejection sensitivity.

Disclosure of Interest

V. Müller Grant / Research support from: This project received funding from the New National Excellence Program under the Ministry for Culture and Innovation, sourced from the National Research, Development, and Innovation Fund, reference #ÚNKP-23-3-SZTE-66., B. Pikó: None Declared
The mediating role of social stress sensitivity on the relationship between hostile attribution bias and paranoia: An experience sampling study
Authors: Chau A. K. C. , So S. H.-W.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Heightened affective responses to daily life stressors, referred to as elevated affective reactivity to stress (or ‘stress sensitivity’), have been proposed as a putative mechanism of schizophrenia. Previous studies on stress sensitivity mainly used a case-control design; given that schizophrenia is heterogeneous its relationship with specific symptoms (e.g. paranoia) is yet to be addressed. In view of the continuum approach of understanding psychotic symptoms, the relationship between stress sensitivity (especially ‘social stress sensitivity’) and paranoia in the general population is important. Supported by emerging evidence of the relationship between hostile attribution bias (i.e. a tendency to interpret others’ actions as hostile and intentional) and paranoia, we hypothesized that social stress sensitivity mediates the relationship between hostile attribution bias and momentary experiences of paranoia.

Objectives

Using experience sampling method, this study aimed to examine the association between social stress sensitivity, hostile attribution bias and momentary paranoia in non-clinical young adults. We also tested the role of social stress sensitivity as mediator of the relationship between hostile attribution bias and momentary paranoia.

Methods

Consented participants free from any past and current psychiatric diagnoses (confirmed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Disorders) completed the measure of hostile attribution bias (i.e. abbreviated Ambiguous Intentions Hostility Questionnaire). Participants then filled in an ESM questionnaire measuring momentary levels of paranoia, social stress (i.e. pleasantness of and preference for being alone or with others) and negative affect on a mobile phone app repeatedly, ten times per day over six days. Social stress reactivity was calculated as the within-moment correlation between social stress and negative affect. The associations between social stress sensitivity, hostile attribution bias and momentary paranoia, and the mediating role of social stress sensitivity, were tested with multilevel modelling.

Results

The final sample consisted of 131 participants (57.3% female, mean age= 20.36 (SD= 2.93)). The mean compliance rate was 71.9% (SD= 0.16). Social stress sensitivity was positively associated with momentary paranoia (B= 0.03, p= .002). Hostile attribution bias was associated with momentary paranoia (B= 0.41, p< .001), as well as social stress reactivity (B= 0.10, p= .003). The mediating effect from hostile attribution bias to momentary paranoia via social stress sensitivity was significant (ab= 0.05, 95% CI [0.03-0.07]).

Conclusions

Social stress sensitivity was related to momentary paranoia, as well as hostile attribution bias. Our finding suggests social stress reactivity as a potential mechanism underlying the relationship between hostile attribution bias and paranoia.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Recovery in schizophrenia: conceptualization and factors implicated
Authors: Vita A.
Published: August 2024

Schizophrenia has a heterogeneous range of possible outcomes. A portion of patients with schizophrenia significantly improves over the long term, with both clinical and functional remission. Recovery has been differently conceptualized by clinicians and service users, the former focusing on clinical and functional outcomes, the latter more underlying issues as the building a trail of personal meaning and subjective well-being. Besides the “clinical” and “personal” recovery, attention is now put on a wider perspective of “societal” recovery . The frequency of recovery achievement depends on which of these perspectives is considered. Many factors, demographic, clinical, contextual and treatment-related are involved in modulating the probability to meet these objectives. Both pharmacological and psychosocial interventions, and their integration, and attention to environmental and social circumstances could substantially improve the outcome of schizophrenia and achievement of specific recovery goals.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Deinstitutionalization in Georgia-why it is so slow
Authors: Zavradashvili N. , Matiashvili G.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Mental health reform represents one of the most transformative changes in the field of healthcare, as it not only changes the forms of services but also the nature of services offered. While many countries have successfully implemented such reforms, others, including Georgia, have struggled with a protracted and inconsistent process. Despite decades of advocacy by professionals for deinstitutionalization and the development of community-based services, psychiatric hospital treatment continues to dominate in Georgia.

Objectives

The purpose of the review is to explore the concept of deinstitutionalization within the mental health landscape and assess its status in the context of Georgia. It aims to study the lessons learned from successful deinstitutionalization and illuminate achievements and challenges surrounding deinstitutionalization in Georgia’s reality.

Methods

A qualitative analysis including desk review, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions was conducted. Proceeding from the research objectives we analyzed the existing legislation, strategic documents and clinical practices concerning individuals with mental disorders; Interviews were also conducted with key informants on the shortcomings and problems in deinstitutionalization practices

Results

The review findings reveal, that despite recent progress such as the development of community mobile teams and increased funding allocated for community services within mental health budget, several issues persist: there is no agreement among stakeholders on how to restructure existing hospital beds and financial provisions remain unresolved. The field of mental health in Georgia suffers from a lack of human resources. Attracting new personnel, ensuring regional distribution, and enhancing qualifications are necessary components of deinstitutionalization that require the involvement of all stakeholders, coordinated and time-planned action. The current mental healthcare system in Georgia is characterized by a lack of coordination and collaboration among its various components. Establishing patient care pathways with clear referral criteria is crucial for improving the efficiency of mental health services. This research highlights that successful deinstitutionalization requires additional funds, time, and trained people. Institutions should have a long-term (3-5) year development plan, detailing the source of funding, activities to be implemented, and expected outcomes. In the absence of such a plan, progress remains sporadic, intermittent, uncoordinated, and less effective.

Conclusions

In conclusion, the protracted nature of deinstitutionalization in Georgia requires a multifaceted approach involving various stakeholders. By addressing identified challenges and promoting coordination among mental health components, Georgia can guide a more effective course toward a community-based, patient-centered mental healthcare system.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Fecal Microbiota Transplantaion in the treatement of mood disorders : A literature review
Authors: Askri F. , Mahfoudh K. , Ben Younes K. , Herelli E. , Ouali U. , Aissa A.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Many researchers have turned their attention to studying the relation between the gut microbiota to mood disorders. In fact, studies in the last 5 years have shown that the change in microbiota in animals can cause anxiety a depression –like behaviors.

In humans, considering the fact that there was a difference between in human gut microbiota between depressed persons and healthy controls, many clinicians suggest different treatment ways to compensate the microbiome imbalance such as Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT).

FMT is an ancient tool that used to treat food poisoning and severe diarrhea. Recent studies have shown its efficacy in autism spectrum disorders but not enough studies have shown its contribution in treating mood disorders.

Objectives

The aim is to explore and understand the use of fecal microbiota transplantaion in the mood disorder treatment

Methods

We conducted a literature search for English articles on PubMed using the keywords : mood disorder, Fecal microbiota transplantation, treatment.

Results

13 results were initially found on the pubmed database. we identified 4 eligible studies.

02 case studies reported that patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder type 2 improved after repetitive FMT treatment, 01 randomised controlled trial concluded good tolerability and feasibility of FMT in major depression disorder but was not designed to measure clinical outcomes. Finally, 01 study protocol is still conducting on the efficacy and safety of FMT n in a population with bipolar disorder during depressive episodes.

Conclusions

No results have shown the efficacy of FMT in treating mood disorders yet. However, it is considered well tolerated and safe. Further studies are needed to conclude its efficacy.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Stigmatizing attitudes of doctors, practicing psychiatry in Slovenia; Eustigma study results
Authors: Rus Prelog P. , Mirkovič A. , Őri D.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

The perception that individuals afflicted with mental disorders may exhibit potential harm or unpredictability is common in the general population and, as studies have shown, mental health-related stigma is not confined to the broader public but is progressively emerging as a concern within professional circles as well, adding additional burden to patients in psychiatric settings who already encounter an array of impediments stemming from societal prejudice.

Objectives

In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to investigate the attitudes of adult and child psychiatrists towards people with mental health problems in Slovenia.

Methods

The stigmatizing attitudes were measured by an internet-based, anonymous survey using the Opening Minds Stigma Scale for Health Care Providers (total score and three subscales are the following: attitude, disclosure and help-seeking, social distance).

Results

Altogether, n=90 practitioners (n=18 males, n=72 females) completed the survey. The bifactor ESEM model showed the best model fit (RMSEA=0.060, CFI=0.970, TLI=0.939); however, exploratory factor analysis results indicated the weakness of items 1 and 11. Those participants who have a possibility to attend case discussion groups are more willing to disclose their own mental health issues or seek help (8 (7-9) vs 9 (8-11.5)); however, they prefer more social distance from their patients (9(7.5-10) vs 7(6-9)). Gender differences were found as well, women seem to keep more social distance (p=0.031). Interestingly, those practitioners who reported spending 75% of their working hours with patients kept less social distance compared to those who engage in other activities (p=0.028).

Conclusions

This study is the first to describe the stigmatizing attitude of psychiatric practitioners in Slovenia from their perspective, and it provides directions for anti-stigma interventions.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Exploring Burnout: A Study on Psychiatric Nurses in Tunisia
Authors: Khiari H. , Hakiri A. , Bouchendira M. , Ghachem R.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Burnout, marked by persistent workplace stress without effective management, is particularly pertinent for psychiatry nurses, considering the nature of their work environment and its potential impact on the quality of care they deliver.

Objectives

To assess the prevalence of burnout among psychiatric nurses and to identify the socio-demographic and clinical factors associated with it.

Methods

Cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study conducted over the course of one month from October 11th to November 8th 2023. Participants included were psychiatric nurses working in Razi Hospital, Tunisia. We collected data using pre-established questionnaire which included socio-demographic and clinical data of the participants. The assessment of Burnout was conducted using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), validated in Arabic. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) in its 25th version.

Results

We collected data from 55 nurses working in Razi psychiatry hospital during the time of the study. Among them, 80% (n=44) were female. Their median age was 35 (Min=25, Max=62). Most of participants were married (81.8%, n=45) and 70.9 (n=39) had kids. In our sample, 5.5% (n=3) and 23.6% (n=13) had respectively personal psychiatric and somatic history. Some addictive behaviors were identified among our participants, especially smoking (14.5%, n=379) and alcohol use (3.6%, n=2).

Regarding working conditions, 81.8% (n=45) were assigned shift work. They worked in the men’s ward (43.6%, n=24), the women’s ward (34.5%, n=19), or in both (21.8%, n=12). Furthermore, 45.5% (n=25) reported witnessing a suicide attempt during their work, and 74.5% (n=41) were victims of aggression, primarily by patients (82.5%, n=33). Sixty percent (n=33) said expressed a desire to transfer.

According to the MBI, 49.1% (n=27) had high emotional exhaustion, 27.3% (n=15) had high depersonalization and 67.3% (n=37) had low personal accomplishment.

A significant association was found between low personal accomplishment and the desire to transfer to another department (p=0.026). No further links were found with other clinical data.

Conclusions

Our findings provide a thorough examination of burnout among psychiatric nursing professionals, underscoring the critical need for specific interventions tailored to their unique challenges.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
A Systematic Review of the Impact of Intergenerational Learning on the Psychosocial Well-being of Primary School Children and Older Adults.
Authors: Tsiloni E. , Dragioti E. , Gouva M. , Vassilopoulos S. P. , Mentis M.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

In recent times, there has been a growing emphasis on the significance of fostering intergenerational learning and interaction. This involves individuals from diverse age groups engaging in purposeful and mutually beneficial activities aimed at enhancing their knowledge, skills, and values.

Objectives

This systematic review was undertaken to explore the psychosocial consequences of intergenerational learning experiences among primary school-age children and older adults.

Methods

In accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive review of both quantitative and qualitative data was conducted. Electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and ERIC were meticulously searched up to July 26, 2022, using the following Population (P) - Exposure (E) - Outcome (O) criteria: primary school-age children and older adults (P), participation in intergenerational learning (E), and psychosocial effects (O). Additionally, we extensively scrutinized the reference lists of included datasets and pertinent review articles (Figure 1). To evaluate the quality of the eligible studies, we employed the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Data analysis was structured around a narrative synthesis approach.

Results

A total of seventeen studies were deemed eligible for inclusion in this review. The findings regarding the psychosocial consequences of engaging in intergenerational activities for both children and older adults predominantly underscored positive improvements in their attitudes, well-being, happiness, and various other aspects of their social and psychological well-being, although certain methodological limitations were identified (Figure 2).

Image:

Image 2:

Conclusions

Promoting intergenerational interactions and learning experiences holds promise as a means to enhance the overall quality of life and well-being for both younger and older members of our communities.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Examining the Incidence and Predictors of Low Resilience and Potential PTSD Among Residents in Two Canadian Provinces Amidst the 2023 Wildfires
Authors: Adu M. K. , Shalaby R. , Agyapong B. , Dias R. D. L. , Agyapong V. I.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

The recent wildfires in Canada provide a clear illustration of the significant and lasting damage they inflict on the well-being of individuals and communities. Evaluating the occurrence and factors associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and low resilience is valuable for policymakers in public health.

Objectives

The study aimed to assess the prevalence and predictors of low resilience and likely PTSD among subscribers of Text4Hope, an e-mental health program that delivered daily supportive messages to residents of Nova Scotia (NS) and Alberta (AB) during the recent wildfires.

Methods

Data collection was through a self-administered online survey completed by residents of the affected regions of NS and AB from May 14 to June 23, 2023. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences.

Results

Out of 298 respondents, the prevalence of low resilience and likely PTSD in our sample were 52.0% and 39.3% respectively. Unemployed respondents were about 3 times more likely to experience both low resilience and PTSD symptoms compared to those employed. Respondents with a history of mental health diagnosis were about 4 times more likely to experience likely PTSD compared to those with no history of mental health diagnosis.

Conclusions

This research demonstrated that the likelihood of PTSD was predicted by both unemployment and a history of mental health diagnosis, with unemployment also being linked to low resilience during the wildfire. These results provide valuable insights for designing clinical interventions and developing psychosocial support programs tailored for vulnerable populations.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Avoidance of Negative Emotional Contrasts as a Diagnostic Feature of OCD: A Receiver-Operator Characteristic Curve Analysis of the Contrast Avoidance Questionnaires
Authors: Swisher V. , Newman M. G.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

The Contrast Avoidance Model (CAM) was developed to explain pathological worry in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). The CAM posits that those with GAD are sensitive to sharp increases in emotions, and use worry to maintain heightened states of negative arousal to avoid these emotional shifts. Research has widely supported the CAM in the conceptualization of GAD, and has extended these findings to other disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD) and social anxiety disorder (SAD). Despite the utility of the CAM model in informing the etiology of these conditions, research has yet to expand these findings beyond GAD, MDD, and SAD. Specifically, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), which co-occurs with GAD, MDD, and SAD in adults at a rate of 15.0%, 40.7%, and 14.7%, respectively, and shares many of their etiological features, has yet to examined in the context of the CAM. Thus, examining CA as a relevant mechanism and therapeutic target for OCD is an unstudied conceptual framework that may offer meaningful clinical utility.

Objectives

The present study used receiver operator curve (ROC) analyses to examine the predictive utility of the CAQ-W and CAQ-GE in detecting probable OCD in a large undergraduate sample. We hypothesized that the CAQ-W and CAQ-GE would be higher in participants with probable OCD and would offer sufficient sensitivity and specificity in predicting probable OCD.

Methods

1259 undergraduates were recruited for a mass University screening. Participants were included in the OCD group (N = 291) if they met diagnostic criteria for OCD (DOCS total score > 20). Participants were included in the nondisordered group (n = 249) if they did not meet diagnostic criteria for any of the screened disorders (SAD, MDD, GAD, OCD, panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, OCD, borderline personality disorder), denied suicidality, and denied receiving mental health treatment in the last 12 months. ROC analyses were used to examine the accuracy of the CAQ-W and the CAQ-GE in detecting probable OCD.

Results

Results of ROC analyses are reported in Table 1. AUC values for the CAQ-W and CAQ-GE were significantly different from the null hypothesis (AUC = .50, p < .001), and demonstrated excellent (.89) to outstanding (.91) accuracy in predicting probable OCD (Figure 1), respectively. Optimal sensitivity and specificity to detect probable OCD (Table 2) was achieved at a cut off score of 67.5 for the CAQ-W (Sensitivity = 81.4%; Specificity = 82.3%) and a cutoff score of 43.5 for the CAQ-GE (Sensitivity = 84.9%; Specificity = 85.5%).

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Conclusions

Results suggest that OCD can be accurately characterized by CA. Findings also highlight the utility of examining CA as a relevant maintenance factor for OCD symptoms. Future research should examine the impact of CA on OCD symptoms in-laboratory and ecological settings.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Predictors of change in emotional regulation from 6 to 30 months of age in infants born after a threatened preterm labour.
Authors: Andreu J. , Buesa J. , Campos L. , Almansa B. , Zapata C. , Lizarán M. , Gómez N. , Ghosn F. , Moreno A. , García-Blanco A.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Emotional dysregulation are considered early manifestations of neuropsychiatric disorders. Recent research has shown that a threatened preterm labour (TPL) represents an adverse prenatal event that involves temperament disturbances, even in absence of prematurity. Thus, full-term TPL infants at 6 months of age are characterized by lower positive affect, higher negative affect, and worse emotional regulation relative to a full-term non-TPL control group.

Objectives

The aim of this study is to explore the predictors of change of emotional infant competences.

Methods

This prospective cohort study recruited mothers who suffered from a TPL. Infants’ temperament assessment was performed at 6 and 30 months of age using the Rothbart Behaviour Questionnaires, examining positive affectivity/surgency, negative emotionality, and orienting and emotional regulatory capacity. A regression model was carried out, including gestational age at birth, maternal anxiety trait, maternal history of psychological traumas, prenatal and postnatal maternal depression, anxiety, and cortisol as well as parenting stress as predictors.

Results

Increased positive affectivity was related with lower paternal stress (p = .044). Maternal history of trauma and parenting stress was associated with increased negative emotionality (p = .037 and p = .045, respectively). Increased emotional regulation disturbance was linked to low gestational age at birth (p < .001), higher postnatal depression (p = .002), higher prenatal anxiety at TPL diagnosis (p = .039) and higher postnatal anxiety (p = .008).

Conclusions

Therefore, maternal previous traumas, maternal psychopathology from pregnancy to postpartum as well as parenting stress should be considered in psychological treatment to improve infant’s emotional competences and prevent subsequent neuropsychiatric disorders.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Efficiency of Vortioxetine in Depressive Symptoms in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Cvitanovic M. Z. , Vukorepa D. , Mustapić M. , Džamonja G. , Čičmir-Vestić M. , Petrić D.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the most common serious movement disorder in the world, affecting about 1% of adults older than 60 years. The disease is attributed to selective loss of neurons in the substantia nigra, and its cause is enigmatic in most individuals. Patients with PD display both motor and non-motor symptoms. For some patients, the non-motor symptoms are more bothersome than the motor symptoms. One of the most common non-motor symptoms of PD is depression.

Objectives

Treatment of depression with antidepressant drugs is well established. In the last 20 years use of antidepressant has risen mainly due to the introduction of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Our primary aim was to demonstrate an improvement in depressive symptoms in patients who started treatment with vortioxetine. A secondary aim was to show those who was successfully treated with vortioxetine but was unresponsive to paroxetine and escitalopram without worsening the extrapyramidal symptoms of PD.

Methods

In collaboration with the Department of Neurology, we included patients who are being treated for Parkinson’s disease and who meet the criteria for depressive disorder after a psychiatric examination. We divided the patients into two groups: those who had not previously taken any antidepressant drugs and those who were already on therapy with paroxetine and escitalopram but without the expected therapeutic response. All patients were prescribed vortioxetine in their treatment, and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) was determined during their first meeting with the psychiatrist, and then again after 6 weeks of taking the medication. Also, we used Mini mental state examination (MMSE) to measure cognitive impairment.Our primary outcome measure was the number of patients in each treatment group who responded to treatment. Response was defined as the proportion of patients who had a reduction of at least 50% from the baseline score on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS)

Results

Our primary outcome measure was the number of patients in each treatment group who responded to treatment. Response was defined as the proportion of patients who had a reduction of at least 50% from the baseline score on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS)

Conclusions

In our research, vortioxetine has proven to be effective in treating depressive symptoms without worsening Parkinson’s disease, unlike paroxetine and escitalopram, which resulted in partial effects.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared