bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementing Antimicrobial Stewardship Program in Pediatrics Across Six Hospitals in Six States in Nigeria: Needs Assessment
Authors: ADDA Danjuma Kamlen , JOHN Obed Tiwah , Toge Prof. Barnabas , OCHU Dr. Chinwe , OKWOR Dr. Tochi , EGWUENU Dr. Abiodun , YAHAYA Dr. Ridwan , GATUA Dr. Josephine , UMARU Mohammed , ANDE Rijimra , KAHWIR Oscar Facknwie
Published: September 2022

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is the ability of microorganisms to withstand treatment with antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial use in children tends to be higher than in adults, especially in developing countries such as Nigeria. In 2017, the percentage of antibiotics prescribed per patient encounter ranged from 26.8% to 71.1 with the highest proportion reported among children under five years of age, underscoring the need for AMS in pediatrics in Nigeria. A review of the literature on AMS in pediatrics across Nigeria show scanty studies. In view of this, the Centre for Initiative and Development (CFID) in collaboration with Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) through a grant from Pfizer conducted needs assessment in six healthcare facilities in six States of Nigeria. This was a hospital based cross sectional study conducted using well-structured questionnaire. The structured tools were administered to key hospital management in pediatrics department and data was analyzed using simple percentages. The study recorded low pediatrics AMS structures across all the six hospitals in six states. Results show that all the six hospitals do not produce antibiogram, Five hospitals 5(83.3%) do not have formal organizational structure for antimicrobial stewardship in pediatrics, most hospitals do not have formulary. Results also show that most hospitals do not have specific clinical guidelines for management of common infectious diseases in pediatrics. This reflects that pediatrics AMS practice is still in its infancy across hospitals in Nigeria. Findings from this study identifies useful drivers that will help to effectively implement pediatrics AMS in Nigeria. This study therefore, calls for urgent need of implementing antimicrobial stewardship in pediatrics across Nigeria which will be instrumental in spurring behavioral change towards rational dispensing and use of antibiotics in pediatrics and ultimately contribute towards reducing the risk of antimicrobial resistance development and spread of resistant bugs, improve pediatrics patient health outcomes and preserve the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy in pediatrics age groups.
Editorial
Authors: Camargo Ricardo Antonio Lucas
Published: September 2022

Editorial.
Los mapas mentales y su influencia en el desarrollo de competencias profesionales
Authors: Cabrera Flores Katty Patricia , Rugel Villamar Jenny Lisette , Casal Rodríguez Chris Emerson , Erazo Rivera Jorge Tarquino , Romero Santistevan Darío Xavier
Published: September 2022

Los mapas mentales y su influencia en el desarrollo de competencias profesionales de los docentes de la Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas, Sociales y de la Educación tiene la finalidad de determinar cómo influyen los elementos de las TICS en el desarrollo de las competencias de dichos profesionales. Para el logro del resultado científico anhelado fueron utilizados métodos y técnicas de la investigación científica tales como la encuesta, la entrevista, la observación y la consulta a expertos. Entre los resultados alcanzados se resaltan el diagnóstico del nivel de preparación científica y metodológica de los docentes objeto de estudios para la dirección del proceso pedagógico programado, con la utilización de los mapas mentales como herramienta fundamental. Se presenta, además, la elaboración de una estrategia de superación profesional dirigida a la elevación del nivel de desarrollo de los docentes de referencia, para la utilización de las TICS.
MEMBANGUN KARAKTER SANTRI YANG KREATIF, TOLERAN, DAN BERTANGGUNG JAWAB
Authors: ASRIYAH ASRIYAH
Published: September 2022

Pesantren has several functions, among others, as a character education institution. Among the many characters that must be instilled in students, creative characters, tolerance, and responsibility are the three main character pillars. Creative characters need to be instilled in students so that students are not out of date. With a creative character, students will always seek and find new things in their lives. Tolerance is important for students because they will face diversity both inside and outside the pesantren. Responsibility is very important, because responsibility is a basic character that must be instilled early on in students. From these problems, motivation emerged to study efforts to build creative character, tolerance, and responsibility in students. This study uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The results of this study indicate that efforts to build the students who have creativity, tolerance, and responsibility in general can be done by creating an environment that is creative, tolerant, and responsible. In particular, it can be done using a normative approach, a model approach, a reward and punishment approach, a value planting approach, a substantive learning approach, and a reflective learning approach.
ABSTRAKPesantren memiliki beberapa fungsi antara lain sebagai lembaga pendidikan karakter. Di antara banyak karakter yang harus ditanamkan pada peserta didik, karakter kreatif, toleransi, dan tanggung jawab merupakan tiga pilar karakter yang utama. Karakter kreatif perlu ditanamkan kepada santri agar santri tidak tidak ketinggalan zaman. Dengan karakter kreatif, santri akan senantiasa mencari dan menemukan hal-hal yang baru dalam kehidupannya. Karakter toleransi penting dimiliki santri karena ia akan menghadapi keragaman baik di dalam maupun di luar pesantren. Adapun karakter tanggung jawab penting, karena tanggung jawab adalah karakter dasar yang harus ditanamkan sejak dini pada peserta didik, termasuk santri. Dari permasalahan tersebut, muncul motivasi untuk mengkaji tentang upaya membangun karakter kreatif, toleransi, dan tanggung jawab pada santri. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa upaya membangun karakter santri yang kreatif, toleran, dan bertanggung jawab secara umum dapat dilakukan dengan menciptakan lingkungan yang kreatif, penuh toleransi, dan tanggung jawab. Adapun secara khusus dapat dilakukan dengan pendekatan normatif, pendekatan model, pendekatan ganjaran dan hukuman, pendekatan penanaman nilai, pendekatan pembelajaran substantif, dan pendekatan  pembelajaran reflektif.
The impact of atmospheric motions on source-specific black carbon and the induced direct radiative effects over a river-valley region
Authors: Liu Huikun , Wang Qiyuan , Liu Suixin , Zhou Bianhong , Qu Yao , Tian Jie , Zhang Ting , Han Yongming , Cao Junji
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Black carbon (BC) is one of the most important short-lived climate forcers, and atmospheric motions play an important role in
determining its mass concentrations of pollutants. Here an intensive
observation was launched in a typical river-valley city to investigate
relationships between atmospheric motions and BC aerosols. Equivalent BC
(eBC) source apportionment was based on an aethalometer model with the
site-dependent absorption Ångström exponents (AAEs) and the mass
absorption cross sections (MACs) retrieved using a positive matrix factorization (PMF) model based on observed chemical components (i.e., EC,
POC, K+, Mg, Al, Si, S, Cl, Ca, V, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, As, Se, Br, Sr, Pb,
Ga, and Zn) and primary absorption coefficients at selected wavelengths from
λ=370 to 880 nm. The derived AAEs from 370 to 880 nm were 1.07
for diesel vehicular emissions, 2.13 for biomass burning, 1.74 for coal
combustion, and 1.78 for mineral dust. The mean values for eBCfossil
and eBCbiomass were 2.46 and 1.17 µg m−3, respectively. Wind run distances and the vector displacements of the wind in
24 h were used to construct a self-organizing map, from which four
atmospheric motion categories were identified (local-scale dominant, local-scale strong and regional-scale weak, local-scale weak and
regional-scale strong, and regional-scale dominant). BC pollution was found to be more likely when the influence of local-scale motions outweighed that of regional-scale motions. Cluster analysis for the back-trajectories of air mass calculated by the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model at the study site indicated that the directions of air flow can have different impacts for different scales of motion. The direct radiative
effects (DREs) of source-specific eBC were lower when the influence of regional-scale motions outweighed that of the local ones. However, due to chemical aging of the particles during transport – the DRE efficiencies
under regional-scale motions were ∼ 1.5 times higher than those under more local influences. The finding that the DRE efficiency of BC
increased during the regional transport suggested significant consequences
in regions downwind of pollution sources and emphasizes the importance of
regionally transported BC for potential climatic effects.
Characterization of offline analysis of particulate matter with FIGAERO-CIMS
Authors: Cai Jing , Daellenbach Kaspar , Wu Cheng , Zheng Yan , Zheng Feixue , Du Wei , Haslett Sophie , Chen Qi , Kulmala Markku , Mohr Claudia
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Measurements of the molecular composition of organic aerosol (OA) constituents improve our understanding of sources, formation processes, and physicochemical properties of OA. One instrument providing such data at a time resolution of minutes to hours is the Chemical Ionization time-of-flight Mass Spectrometer with Filter Inlet for Gases and AEROsols (FIGAERO-CIMS). The technique collects particles on a filter, which are subsequently desorbed, and the evaporated molecules are ionized and analyzed in the mass spectrometer. However, long-term measurements using this technique and/or field deployments at several sites simultaneously, require substantial human and financial resources. The analysis of filter samples collected outside the instrument (offline) may provide a more cost-efficient alternative and makes this technology available for the large number of particle filter samples collected routinely at many different sites globally. Filter-based offline use of the FIGAERO-CIMS limits this method albeit to particle-phase analyses, likely at reduced time resolution compared to online deployments. Here we present the application and assessment of offline FIGAERO-CIMS, using Teflon and Quartz fiber filter samples that were collected in autumn 2018 in urban Beijing. We demonstrate the feasibility of the offline application with “sandwich” sample preparation for the identified over 900 organic compounds with (1) high signal-to-noise ratios, (2) high repeatability, and (3) linear signal response to the filter loadings. Comparable overall signals were observed between the Quartz fiber and Teflon filters for 12-h and 24-h samples, but with larger signals for semi-volatile compounds for the Quartz fiber filters, likely due to adsorption artifacts. We also compare desorption profile (thermogram) shapes for the two filter materials. Thermograms are used to derive volatility qualitatively based on the desorption temperature at which the maximum signal intensity of a compound is observed (Tmax). While we find that Tmax can be determined with high repeatability for one filter type, we observe considerable differences in Tmax between the Quartz and Teflon filters, warranting further investigation into the thermal desorption characteristics of different filter types. Overall, this study provides a basis for expanding OA molecular characterization by FIGAERO-CIMS to situations where and when deployment of the instrument itself is not possible.
High-resolution predictions of ground ice content for the Northern Hemisphere permafrost region
Authors: Karjalainen Olli , Aalto Juha , Kanevskiy Mikhail Z. , Luoto Miska , Hjort Jan
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Ground ice content of the Arctic soils largely dictates the effects of climate change-induced permafrost degradation and top ground destabilization. The current circumarctic information on ground ice content is overly coarse for many key applications, including assessments of hazards to Arctic infrastructure, while detailed data are restricted to very few regions. This study aims to address these gaps by presenting spatially comprehensive data on pore and segregated ground ice content across the Northern Hemisphere permafrost region at a 1-km resolution. First, ground ice content datasets (n=437 and 380 1-km grid cells for volumetric and gravimetric ice content, respectively) were compiled from field observations over the permafrost region. Spatial estimates of ground ice content in the near-surface permafrost north of the 30th parallel north were then produced by relating observed ground ice content to physically relevant environmental data layers of climate, soil, topography, and vegetation properties using a statistical modelling framework. The produced data show that ground ice content varies substantially across the permafrost region. The highest ice contents are found on peat-dominated Arctic lowlands and along major river basins. Low ice contents are associated with mountainous areas and many sporadic and isolated permafrost regions. The modelling yields relatively small prediction errors (a mean absolute error of 13.6 % volumetric ice content) over evaluation data and broadly congruent spatial distributions with earlier regional-scale studies. The presented data allow the consideration of ground ice content in various geomorphological, ecological, and environmental impact assessment applications at a scale that is more relevant than previous products. The produced ground ice data are available in the supplement for this study and at Zenodo https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7009875 (Karjalainen et al., 2022).
Evaluation of Menstrual Irregularities and Dysmenorrhea in University Students
Authors: GÜN KAKAŞÇI Çiğdem , COŞKUNER POTUR Dilek
Published: September 2022

Purpose: Menstruation takes an important place in women's lives all over the world. For this reason, problems such as menstrual irregularities and dysmenorrhea affect women's lives in many ways. Our study aims to determine the factors associated with menstrual irregularities and dysmenorrhea.

Materials and methods: It is a cross-sectional study. The data were collected with the personal ınformation form developed by reviewing the literature. The data were collected based on self-report from the students in a way that does not disrupt the course order. A p-value of
Exploring anti-racism within the context of human resource management in the health sector in Aotearoa
Authors: Heke Deborah , Came Heather , Birk Manjeet , Gambrell Kem
Published: September 2022

Compelling evidence continues to demonstrate that racism is a modifiable determinant of health inequities. Despite growing recognition of this it is less clear how from a human resource perspective to engage in effective anti-racism.
 
Through a review of human resource and anti-racism literature, the white, Indigenous and racialised authors examined existing approaches to anti-racism applicable to the health system in Aotearoa.
 
Two systemic organisational approaches were identified: diversity training and dismantling institutional racism. Recruitment processes, talent management and retention were human resource specific sites for interventions. Insights from anti-racism scholarship including upholding te Tiriti o Waitangi and engaging in decolonising to enable transformative change.
 
Power-sharing remains at the heart of anti-racism praxis. A health sector response needs to be co-created with Māori and those with the political will to enable transformation. Given racism has a geographic specificity, solutions need to be informed by the cultural, political, social, and historical context.
Impact of front-of-pack nutrition labelling on dietary choices in Nepal
Authors:   , Shrestha Anita
Published: September 2022

This thesis is a mixed-method study investigating the effectiveness of front-of-pack nutrition labelling in guiding food choices in Nepal including a review of the global evidence on its equity impact across socio-economic status. The thesis examines the effects of different front-of-pack labelling schemes among Nepalese consumers which supports multiple traffic light labelling in improving consumers’ understanding of food product healthfulness. Furthermore, the exploration of key stakeholders’ views providing insights to policy context of nutrition labelling indicates Nepal government can progress front-of-pack labelling as a part of comprehensive public health and nutrition strategy to improve population diets.
A strategic subordinate: An outcome of internal communication and employee engagement
Authors:   , Raja Arif Raja Sumayyah
Published: September 2022

Employees play a key role in organisation success through enacting behaviours that support organisational strategic goals. While managers are expected to contribute strategically, this thesis investigates if subordinates could move beyond an engaged state. Using mixed methods, this research conceptualised and measured the attributes of a strategic subordinate as a significant outcome of internal manager-subordinate communication. The findings of this research theoretically contributes to employee engagement and internal communication, and practically guides organisations to identify and support subordinate contributions to organisational success.
The role of valuation specialists in determining the reporting quality of level 3 fair value measurement
Authors:   , Burns Cheryl
Published: September 2022

This thesis investigates the role of auditors’ valuation specialists in determining reporting quality of Level 3 fair value measurements (FVMs). Using a sample of international banks, I find that using valuation specialists in auditing Level 3 FVMs can effectively improve the reporting quality of Level 3 FVMs, reflected in less earnings management, higher earnings persistence, and higher value relevance. The findings suggest valuation specialists play an essential role in enhancing auditors’ fair value expertise. Standard setters may need to pay more attention to the requirements of disclosing the involvement of valuation specialists in fair value auditing.
Las políticas de los Presidentes de la Audiencia de Panamá frente al cimarronaje, 1600-1637
Authors: Tardieu Jean-Pierre
Published: September 2022

Vencido el reino cimarrón de Bayano a fines del s. XVI, los presidentes de la Real Audiencia de Panamá siguieron luchando a principios del s. XVII contra el cimarronaje que no dejaba de renacer de sus cenizas. La amenaza resultaba más acuciante para las arcas reales que en los otros reinos indianos, con el temor suscitado por hipotéticas alianzas entre cimarrones de diversas provincias por la costa atlántica del istmo (de Acla a Cartagena de Indias) y de los negros angolas de una fragata encallada en la misma costa con los indios indómitos de Urabá. Tuvieron los presidentes que reducir contradicciones y disensiones de índole jurídica y financiera de parte de los dueños de esclavos, de los oidores de la Audiencia e incluso de la Corona.
De macehuales a nobles: El caso de la familia Villegas Chimal en el norte del valle de Toluca, del siglo XVI-XVIII
Authors: Santiago Cortez Felipe
Published: September 2022

Este artículo trata sobre cómo un indio mazahua de nombre Francisco de Villegas logró adecuarse al sistema colonial, aliándose con su encomendero homónimo para obtener un poder notable en recursos económicos en todo el valle de Toluca. A partir de entonces, la familia Villegas Chimal se convirtió en la nueva nobleza mazahua y cada uno de sus descendientes sustentó una riqueza e influencia política en dos pueblos de indios durante tres siglos: Atlacomulco y San Miguel Temascalcingo.
Some Thoughts on Repaying the Kindness of the Mother in the Songs of Shabkarཞབས་དཀར་པའི་མགུར་ལས་ཨ་མའི་དྲིན་གཟོའི་སྐོར་གྱི་བསམ་བློ་རགས་ཙམ་གླེང་བ།
Authors: Yangbum Gyal  , Pema Dondrub
Published: September 2022

This paper examines the dea of  "regarding all living beings as their own mother" in the songs of the Buddhist master Shabkar Tsokdruk Rangdrol (1781-1851).

ནང་དོན་གནད་བསྡུས།འདིར་ཞབས་དཀར་ཚོགས་དྲུག་རང་གྲོལ་མཆོག་གི་མགུར་ལས། རང་གཞན་གདུལ་བྱ་རྣམས་ཆོས་ལ་བསྐུལ་བ་དང་། འཇིག་རྟེན་དྲང་གཞག་གི་ལུགས་ལ་འགོད་ཕྱིར། ཐུན་མོང་ཕྱི་དང་ནང་གི་སྔོན་འགྲོའི་སྐོར་གྱི་གནས་ལུགས་ཟབ་མོ་དང་། ཁྱད་པར་དུ་འགྲོ་བ་སེམས་ཅན་མ་རུ་སྒོམ་དགོས་པའི་སེམས་བསྐྱེད་བསྟན་པའི་མགུར་གླུ་ཚན་པ་འགའ་ལ་དཔྱད་པའི་ཚུལ་གྱིས། དམ་པ་གང་གི་ཨ་མའི་དྲིན་གཟོའི་སྐོར་གྱི་བསམ་བློ་དང་བསླབ་བྱ་སོགས་གླེང་ཡོད།
Experimental studies of reinforced concrete beams with external reinforcement of the tensioned face using composite fabrics
Authors: Volik A. R. , Novitski Ya. Ya.
Published: September 2022

The object of the study is reinforced concrete beams that are reinforced with technical polyamide (kapron) fabric produced by Branch “Khimvolokno Plant” JSC “Grodno Azot”, and fiberglass, manufactured by JSC “Polotsk-Steklovolokno”. The relevance of the stems from the need to obtain and study experimental data of the load-bearing capacity, fracture pattern, crack resistance and cracking of reinforced concrete beams reinforced with composite fabrics, since the topic of restoring the load-bearing capacity of reinforced concrete structures or their strengthening is currently very relevant. Reinforcement of bent reinforced concrete structures with composite fabrics allows using fabrics along the outer edges of the structure, as they are resistant to the external environment and are not subject to corrosion, and represent external composite reinforcement, which, together  with  metal reinforcement,  perceive tensile forces. The most common  system for  the restoration   of reinforced concrete structures is currently the system of external reinforcement of carbon tapes, but the use of this material is limited by high cost. The aim of the study is to experimentally confirm the possibility of effective use of technical polyamide (kapron) fabric, produced by Branch “Khimvolokno Plant” JSC “Grodno Azot”, and glass fabric, produced by JSC “Polotsk-Steklovolokno”, to strengthen the stretched face of reinforced concrete bent structures. Two reinforcement options are presented: gluing horizontal tapes along the entire length on the lower stretched face and the device of a U-shaped clip of fabrics in the stretched zone. Experimental studies have shown that the external reinforcement of the stretched zone with technical polyamide (kapron) fabric produced by Branch “Khimvolokno Plant” JSC “Grodno Azot”, and fiberglass manufactured by JSC “Polotsk-Steklovolokno” change the nature of destruction, increase load-bearing capacity of reinforced concrete beams by 16–38 %    in depending on the material and method of reinforcement, affect the crack resistance and crack formation. The results of experimental studies made it possible to solve an important applied problem of the effective use of these composite materials as external reinforcement of the tension face of bending reinforced concrete beams.
Science, industry and defense need highly educated specialist
Authors: Sviridenok A. I.
Published: September 2022

The introduction provides a brief analysis of the problem and substantiates its relevance. It is noted that the progress of modern and future generations of human society is unthinkable without the development and improvement of the quality of science, education and culture. The issue of training or attracting talented researchers and engineers from outside is becoming one of the most important tasks both for universities and for the competitiveness of firms manufacturing science-intensive products. The purpose of the work is to carry out a comprehensive analysis of the problem and the main directions of the development of education in order to train creatively thinking specialists for scientific and innovation sphere. The main part of the article notes that among a large array of problems, the solution of which determines the success of scientific and innovative development, the most important is the preparation, search and stimulation of innovatively active, creative people. The historical aspects of scientific creativity are analyzed on the example of outstanding scientists of the past centuries from different fields of science. The psychological features of this problem and examples of its solution in the USA and the Russian Federation are considered. An assessment of the subconscious and “random” factors for the emergence of new ideas and scientific concepts was made. The advantages and some negative consequences of modern Internet technologies for the educational process and cultural development are shown. Using examples from the history of science and technology, the contribution of young researchers to the development of breakthrough areas of science is analyzed. In conclusion, it is noted that the events taking place in the world and in our country clearly show the need for a flexible and purposeful transformation of the education system in order to adapt to modern and future needs of training creatively thinking personnel for the scientific and innovative sphere.
Optical light microscopy in the determination of small fractions of suspended particles in the air of the urban environment
Authors: Kolesnik I. M. , Yukhnevich G. G. , Belova E. A. , Lazovski M. G.
Published: September 2022

Small fractions of particulate matter are a common air pollutant in the urban environment. To analyze the amount and size of solid particles, various modifications of optical microscopy and laser detection methods are used. The aim of the work is to evaluate the possibility of the usage of light microscopy to determine the quantitative and granulometric composition of particulate matter in the air of the urban environment. The article presents the results of gravimetric analysis of particulate matter, followed by examination by light microscopy of clarified filters. It is shown that using light microscopy makes it possible to estimate the number of particle size fractions of particulate matter larger than 0.3 µm in atmospheric air. It has been established that the number of particles in the atmospheric air in certain districts of Grodno varied by more than 15 times. The change     in the mass concentrations of dust and the number of dispersed particles in the atmospheric air of individual points in the urban environment can be reversed, which indicates the difference in the sources of solid particles and their different chemical nature. The diameter of suspended particles in the atmospheric air of the urban environment is characterized by very high variability (80–157 %). The distribution of frequencies of occurrence of particles of different sizes in the air does not correspond to the normal law and right-sided asymmetry and positive kurtosis were observed in the variational histograms. A significant inverse connection was found between the particle size and their proportion in the samples. The most common fraction in the atmospheric air of Grodno was particles with a diameter of 0.5–1 µm (41.5–61.3 %). At the same time, a statistically significant association of points of the urban environment into clusters was determined primarily by the proportions of particles   with a diameter of more than 5 microns.
Stochastic modeling of meteorological elements for solving environmental monitoring problems
Authors: Butko A. A. , Rodkin O. I. , Pashinski V. A.
Published: September 2022

The purpose of the research presented in  the  publication is  developing the  stochastic model  for simulating the series of meteorological elements used in predicting for transferring of biogenic elements into water bodies from the territory of agricultural land. The object of study is artificial series of meteorological elements with given statistical characteristics. As initial data, the meteorological data of the State Institution “Republican Hydrometeorological Center” for the Minsk object obtained for the period 2000–2020  were used. For development of the stochastic model, the following indicators were used: daily amount of total solar radiation, maximum and minimum air temperature, relative air humidity, amount of atmospheric precipitation, number of days with precipitation, maximum half-hour share of precipitation, wind speed at a height of 10 m above the earth’s surface. Artificial meteorological series are obtained on the basis of a sample set of randomly generated daily values with using the Monte Carlo method. The stochastic component of precipitation generation is a Markov chain gamma model; total precipitation – inverse method of two-parameter gamma distribution; relative air humidity – Simpson distribution; wind speed – inverse Weibull distribution method; the minimum and maximum air temperatures and solar radiation are determined using the Matalas first-order recurrent filter. For each of the elements, a differentiated correspondence of the statistical parameters determined from        the measured and calculated series of meteorological elements were proved. The results of investigation can be used for modeling and forecasting of weather in areas with limited meteorological observation data for solving applied problems in biological and ecological systems.
Nomination of Ksar Kourdane in Laghouat, Algeria to the UNESCO World Heritage List
Authors: Mahcar Fatiha Imane
Published: September 2022

Ksar Kourdane is an architectural masterpiece that can be considered as a model with its aesthetic appeal that reveals the skill of the masters who built it. This Ksar offers a window into the history of this city and has preserved the heritage of the region; it represents one of the places frequented by tourists. It is an authentic symbol of the fusion of cultures and civilizations, as well as the opening up of Muslim culture to the world around it. The Ksar was built according to an architecture that combines modern and traditional style. Compared to other ksours of the region, Ksar Kourdane has retained its architectural authenticity in terms of configuration and materials. The architectural style is preserved and the earthen structures are perfectly adapted to the climatic conditions and they are in harmony with the natural and social environment. However, new challenges arise when a balance must be found between function, residents’ needs, heritage questions and the need for new buildings. Authenticity is particularly vulnerable due to improper protection. That’s why it should be nominated in the UNESCO World Heritage List to preserve this great heritage.
Karşılaştırmalı Trafık Atama Teknikleri ile Ulaşım Şebeke Performans Analizi
Authors: Khpalwak Obaidullah , Aslan Hakan
Published: September 2022

Trafik Ataması, Ulaşım modellerinin son ve dördüncü adımıdır. Trafik atama her sürücünün veya kullanıcının başlangıç-varış için en kısa seyahat süresi veya mesafesini sahip olan yolu kullanmak istediği bir ulaşım şebekesinde trafik atama veya dağıtma işlemidir. Yapılacak olan bu çalışma ile farklı trafik atama teknikleri ve metotları kullanılarak, test ulaşım şebekesi örnek olay incelemesi üzerinden, karşılaştırmalı seyahat süresi şebeke güvenilirlik performans analizi yapılacaktır. En kısa yol algoritmaları da kullanılarak yapılacak çalışmalarda, kent şebekesine ait kapasite sorunu yaşayacak linkler ve güzergâhlar belirlenerek, iyileştirmelere dönük gerekli uygulama önerilerinde bulunulabilecektir.
Stability of Euler-Bernoulli Beams with Geometric Imperfection
Authors: Şen Pelin Keskin , Bozkaplan Buse , Sınır Berra Gültekin
Published: September 2022

In this study, we have focused on slightly curved beams which can be used in various fields such as bridges, sensors, pipes, roofs etc. Beams with curvature can be classified as slightly curved or curved only. In slightly curved beams, curvature and beam’s displacement are considered in the same order. Thus, the variation of the moment of inertia due to curvature are ignored. Slightly curved beams are commonly called beams with geometric imperfection or shallow curved beams in the literature. We have discussed the geometric imperfection, in other words the slight curvature, in beam kinematics both in displacement and rotation of the section [3]. While obtaining the mathematical model, we have preferred approach Newton's second law of motion instead of the energy approach. For this purpose, we obtain a mathematical model based on the balance of loads acting on differential element. In literature, the energy principle is commonly used to derive the mathematical model of a slightly curved beam. In our literature scanning, using the vector approach which is called Newton’ second law to obtain the governing equation is firstly used with these beam kinematic assumptions. The dimensionless form of the resulting equation is as obtained. It is solved to provide hinged-hinged support conditions. Thus, the critical load value and the post-buckling graph are obtained depending on the displacement. As a result of the solutions, stability limits depending on slenderness coefficient, curvature amplitude and axial load are determined.
Organoleptic and Medicinal Properties of Camel Urine and Camel Milk
Authors: Abibu Wasiu Ayodele , Bamigbade Gafar Babatunde , Sakariyau AbdulWasiu , Kolawole Amos Oyebisi , Janay Abdullahi Ibrahim , Javed Aqib , Oyelami Oluwaseun Isaac
Published: September 2022

Camel milk and urine consumption is an age-long tradition amongst the Arabs for 14 centuries. Camel urine and milk consumers had attested to its miraculous healing properties most especially against terminal illnesses. Although, camel urine and milk consumption is challenged by non-acceptance by World Health Organization and other related health authorities; some individuals still find healing in its consumption. This study takes a look at consumers’ perception of camel urine and milk consumption and its related medical significance. Four countries (Nigeria, Somalia, Turkey and Pakistan) were the research areas used in the survey. The research involved 1000 respondents. From the survey, participants from Nigeria were more than half (62%) of the total participants. More than 80% of the participants believed in the healing power of traditional medicine. Camel milk and camel urine were consumed for health-related issues by 48.4% and 40.1% of participants respectively. More than half (57.5% and 70.4%) of the participants claimed that consumption of camel milk and camel urine is not authorized in their respective countries. The study showed that camel urine and milk consumption is evident in our survey area. We, therefore, implore health regulatory authorities in these countries to fund camel research.
N-Ethyl-N-Nitrosourea (ENU) induced Osteoporosis in Rats by inducing mutation in Collagen Type 1 protein–A Novel Method Development
Authors: Mayuri M. , Kumari B. Pushpa , Babu M. Kishore , Saila M. Hima , Faiz Sk. Niha , Ranganayakulu D.
Published: September 2022

Osteoporosis is a life-threatening condition that primarily affects women. Mice, rats, dogs, and rabbits have all been used as research animals. Bone strength, bone micro architectural characteristics, and osteoporosis risk are all affected by genetic factors. In this sequence, Type I collagen is the primary bone protein encoded by the COLIA1 and COLIA2 genes. The goal of the study is to develop new model for osteoporosis in rats by using N-Ethyl-N- Nitrosourea (ENU) which particularly targets COL1A1. Further, we treated the osteoporotic rats with Collagen type protein, in order to cross check the disease induction. And Rats induced with ENU, exhibited mutation in COL1A1 gene increased in the levels of both serum and urine biochemical parameters like calcium, phosphorus, ALP and creatinine. PCR analysis reported the mutation in COL1A1 gene. The use of animal models of osteoporosis is required to better understand the complex nature of this condition and to create new preventive and treatment approaches.
Bioactive Composition Analysis using HPLC-UV Profile and Evaluation of Antioxidant activities of different extracts from Aerial parts of Atractylis aristata batt.
Authors: Abid Asma , Dekmouche Messaouda , Bechki Lazhar , Bireche Kamilia , Belkhalfa Hakim , Messaoudi Abdeldjabbar , Lakhder Belfar Mohamed
Published: September 2022

Phytochemical compounds are known to be components of many plants and herbs; they have received great interest from the public and scientists due to their health benefits as antioxidants. The aim of the present study was to reveal the bioactive compounds and evaluation of antioxidant activity of the dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and residual water extracts of Atractylis aristata. The bioactive compounds analysis was investigated using HPLC-UV analysis obtained at 254nm and optimized with 16 standards, ABTS and DPPH methods were used for estimating the antioxidant capacity. Thirteen bioactive compounds were identified in the extracts by comparing the retention time. Major compounds detected in the extracts were Acetylsalicylic acid, Ascorbic acid, Gallic acid, Quercetin and Vanillin. All extracts give an antioxidant capacity varied with polarity of solvents. The residual water extract demonstrated a significant amount of total phenolics, flavonoids and condensed tannins (3.544±0.738mg of GAE/g DW, 3.104±0.6760mg of QE/g DW and 2.692±0.561mg of CE/g DW, respectively). In two methods tested to evaluate the antioxidant activity, ethyl acetate extract displayed the highest antioxidant capacity (IC50 value: 0.097±0.003mg/ml in DPPH assay and IC50 value: 0.077±0.003mg/ml in ABTS assay).
A Facile Synthesis of Octadecanoic acid [4-(3-phenyl-acryloyl)-phenyl]-amides and their Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Tsurho Shurhovolie , Maddela Prabhakar
Published: September 2022

A new series of octadecanoic acid [4-(3-phenyl-acryloyl)-phenyl]-amide chalcone derivatives under base-catalyzed Claisen-Schmidt condensation were design, synthesized and characterized by spectral analysis (IR, MS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR). All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against two bacterial strains, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and two fungal strains, Penicillium italicum and Fusarium oxysporum using the well-diffusion method. The antimicrobial studies revealed that compounds 3a, 3b, 3c and 3d showed promising antibacterial activity against both the bacterial strains, while compound 3c and 3d exhibited good antifungal activity against both the fungal strains.
Evaluation of Antitubercular activity and Hepatoprotective activity of Aristolochia bracteolata – in vitro study
Authors: S Nivedhitha , R Indumathy
Published: September 2022

India, with increased burden of tuberculosis (TB) cases, mandates the search for alternative antimycobacterial drugs. Medicinal plants have the potential to act against the mycobacterium with less or no side effects like hepatotoxicity caused by the most anti-TB drugs. This study is aimed to investigate the antimycobacterial activity of various extracts of whole plant, Aristolochia bracteolata against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and hepatoprotective activity against anti-TB drug induced hepatotoxicity in HepG2 cell line. Microplate Alamar Blue Assay (MABA) is used to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of samples for antimycobacterial activity and 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay to determine the effect of extract and standard, silymarin on isoniazid (INH) induced toxicity in HepG2 cells, based on the cell viability. The whole plant was extracted using petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and ethanol based on the polarity of solvents in the Soxhlet extractor successively and their yield value is determined. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of constituents like alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, saponin, steroids, carbohydrates and proteins. The results of MIC on Mycobacterium showed that the petroleum ether extract possess good antimycobacterial activity at 25µg/ml. It also showed good hepatoprotective activity against INH induced toxicity on increasing concentrations. So, the plant has the potential to act as adjunct to TB chemotherapy.
Relationship between the Dose administered and Toxicity level after Acute Oral Exposure to Lupeol and Naringin combination in rats
Authors: Alam Firoj , Badruddeen Badruddeen , Kumar Kharya` Anil , Juber Akhtar , Irfan Khan Mohammad
Published: September 2022

Objective: Evaluation of toxicity level after acute oral exposure to Lupeol and Naringin combination in rats according to OECD NO.423TG. Material and method: Female Sprague Dawley (S.D) rats were used in the study, the experiments was conducted into two groups. One group served as a control and other group recived Lupeol+Naringin combination (2000mg/kg+2000mg/kg body weight).The sign, symptom and mortality were observed for 14 days. Then the parameter was measured for organ weight, haematology, biochemical analysis and histopathology of vital organ (liver, heart, and kidney).Results: This study clearly indicated that the above combination does not contain any toxicity. The median lethal dose (LD50) of the combination drug is more than 2000 mg/kg body weight and therefore, no any toxicity signs were seen at single dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight without any adverse effects. Conclusion: The combination drug Lupeol+Naringin did not cause any major toxicity when given orally in rats. During the 14-days research period at 2000 mg/kg b.wt of each compound, no toxic effects were found. This specifically showed that the combination had no toxic effects. Overall, the Lupeol+Naringin combination has been shown to be a safe natural bioactive compound.
12 Labours Seminar Series (Exemplar Project 2): Personalised rehabilitation of upper limb disorders
Authors: Saini Harnoor
Published: September 2022

Movement disorders that affect the upper limb are common, and place a large burden on society. Stroke and brachial plexus injuries, for example, result in partial limb paralysis and lifelong deficits in function [1]. Rotator cuff injuries are also common in our young athletes, with long-term complications such as osteoarthritis [2]. Clinicians currently follow an ‘evidence-based’ approach, that determines the efficacy of a treatment strategy on a patient cohort, without acknowledging that individuals within that cohort respond differently to each intervention [3]. In exemplar project 2 (EP2), we propose a personalised approach to quantitatively assess, treat, and monitor upper limb disorders, using computational models [4], wearable sensors [5], and robotic devices. This talk focuses on the computational modelling aspects in EP2. Specifically; musculoskeletal model generation, statistical shape modelling [6], multi-scale neuromuscular modelling including the role motor units play in predicting joint level movements [7, 8]. Biomechanical simulations are vital to the interpretation of movement patterns and to inform data-driven machine learning classification in order to assist clinical decision-making and personalised treatment plans.
Psilocybin as a healer
Authors: Golia Kavita
Published: September 2022

This phenomenological research explored the fast-growing societal trend in psilocybin microdosing, whereby a sub-perceptual amount of the psychedelic is consumed regularly. Anecdotal reports of microdosing have suggested that individuals can experience the relief of depressive symptoms, greater creativity and focus, deeper connections, and improvements in several mental health issues. Research on the lived experience of psilocybin microdosing, however, is lacking. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 individuals to explore their lived experiences of microdosing. Seven central themes were observed in most individuals: 1) Mental Health; 2) Dose effects; 3) A feeling of connection to self, nature, or something ‘bigger’; 4) An increase in productivity; 5) An increased state of wellbeing; 6) Navigating problems more effectively; 7) Participants with a musical background experienced an increase in their levels of creativity. By providing support for the use of psilocybin microdosing, the findings are valuable in the growing field of psychedelic research. However, as these purported benefits are based on self-reports, further controlled studies are necessary.
What Are We Talking About? Definitional Confusion Within Active and Mass Shooting Research
Authors: Sandel William , Martaindale Hunter
Published: September 2022

Mass shootings and active shooter events have become a more prominent focus for practitioners, researchers, and the mass media. Unfortunately, there tends to be confusion regarding distinguishing characteristics of these events. This manuscript seeks to provide definitions and examples of cases to better formalize the understanding of such events. The terms selected for discussion are, at times, used inarguably when in fact they are markedly different. After discussing these various definitions, examples of existing datasets are provided along with their inclusion criteria. This transparency helps highlight confusion about these definitions as well as provide readers access to currently available data.
Vertical Greenery Systems: a comprehensive review
Authors: Rajak Manoj Kumar , Kumar Ravish , Biswas Rahul
Published: September 2022

Due to the growth of modern cities, especially in metropolitan regions, the urban heat island has become a significant issue. In an effort to increase urban greenery and provide passive cooling, architects, engineers, building planners, and academics are turning their focus to vertical greenery systems (VGS). Greening the building envelope is not merely a matter of covering the outside of the structure with greenery. Green roofs and walls are often used as decorative elements in buildings. Green infrastructure research and development is growing gradually, deciding aesthetic enhancements as well as environmental, social, and economic advantages. Features like energy conservation, thermal insulation, environmental quality, health, and evapotranspiration underline the critical function of the vertical greenery system. However, these technologies may optimise the functional advantages of plants towards the performance of buildings and contribute to a sustainable urban rehabilitation and retrofitting strategy. Green wall systems design has been a major emphasis in recent years to obtain more efficient technological solutions and better performance throughout the construction process. In addition to lowering temperatures, vertical greenery systems provide other economic, environmental, and social advantages. According to the findings of the literature review, green roofs and facades are essential tools for reducing energy usage and greenhouse gas emissions.
Study on the Pantophthalmidae Family (Diptera: Pantophthalmidae)
Authors: Carlos Henrique Marchiori
Published: September 2022

There are occurrences of the Pantophthalmidae Family in several Brazilian states, in which observed the habits of these insects. It appears that the larvae are more active at night, live in living or dead trees, and they feed on accumulated organic matter or the products of wood fermentation, on the other hand, adult activities are restricted to reproduction, being cuddles and showing sexual dimorphism. The aim of this paper is to study the biological and taxonomic aspects of the Pantophthalmidae Family. For this, a bibliographic survey of Pantophthalmidae was carried out in the years 1976 to 2022. Only complete articles published in scientific journals and expanded abstracts presented in national and international scientific events were considered. Data were also obtained from platforms such as: Academia.edu, Frontiers, Qeios, Pubmed, Biological Abstract, Publons, Dialnet, World, Wide Science, Springer, RefSeek, Microsoft Academic and Scienc.