bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lasso al mio padre spirituale da Cattaro... Duhovne osobe iz Kotora u Mlecima prema oporučnim spisima hrvatskih iseljenika (14. – 17. stoljeće)
Authors: Čoralić Lovorka
Published: October 2021

Središnja tema priloga duhovne su osobe iz grada Kotora u Mlecima, njihovo djelovanje (privremeno ili trajnije) u gradu svetoga Marka, kao i njihovi prinosi crkvenim vezama između dviju jadranskih obala. Rad se zasniva na raščlambi izvorne arhivske građe pohranjene u Državnom arhivu u Mlecima (Archivio di Stato di Venezia, fond: Notarile testamenti), kao i na uporabi dosadašnjih spoznaja historiografije. U radu se, tragom oporučnih spisa hrvatskih iseljenika (uključivo i duhovne osobe iz Kotora) razmatra vremenski okvir njihova djelovanja, mjesta stanovanja i djelovanja (župe) te posebice njihova uključenost u nekoć brojnu i društveno važnu hrvatsku zajednicu u Mlecima.
Isusovci i suradnja s uršulinkama prema Prvoj samostanskoj kronici uršulinskog samostana u Varaždinu
Authors: Pehar Marija
Published: October 2021

Rad tematizira ranu povijest odgojno-obrazovnoga rada sestara uršulinki u Varaždinu, od njihova dolaska 1703. godine do početka 20. stoljeća. Riječ je o odgojnom i školskom radu koji svojom kvalitetom, kako na europskoj tako i na hrvatskoj razini, nadmašuje stoljeća, a temeljio se na spisima utemeljiteljice reda sv. Anđele Merici i isusovačkoj uredbi o studiju u srednjim i visokim školama Ratio studiorum. Zbog uočene duhovne i pedagoške sličnosti tih dviju redovničkih ustanova, a osobito zbog prostorno-vremenske koegzistencije u Varaždinu 18. i 19. stoljeća, logično se nametnulo pitanje o mogućoj suradnji dviju redovničkih zajednica na prosvjetnom i odgojnom planu, odnosno mogućem utjecaju isusovaca na ustroj i djelovanje uršulinskih škola i uopće njihovo odgojno-obrazovno djelovanje. Istraživanje je provedeno na Prvoj samostanskoj kronici uršulinskoga samostana u Varaždinu, koja bilježi vrijeme od dolaska uršulinki u Hrvatsku do 1900. godine, te ukazuje na duboku duhovnu i karizmatsku bliskost isusovaca i uršulinki, bogatu svećeničku djelatnost isusovaca u uršulinskom samostanu i crkvi, ali i zavidnu autonomiju koju su sestre imale u svom odgojno-obrazovnom djelovanju.
Evaluación térmico-hidráulica de un intercambiador de calor de tubo y coraza para el calentamiento de acetona
Authors: Pérez Sánchez Amaury , Segura Silva Rutdali María , Montalván Viart Jesús Rubén , Ranero González Elizabeth , Pérez Sánchez Eddy Javier
Published: October 2021

Un intercambiador de calor es cualquier dispositivo en el cual se transfiere energía en forma de calor. En el presente trabajo se efectuó la evaluación térmico-hidráulica de un intercambiador de calor de tubo y coraza propuesto para llevar a cabo el calentamiento de una corriente de acetona desde 25 hasta 60 ºC, utilizando agua caliente a 90 ºC como agente de calentamiento. El equipo sugerido puede ser empleado satisfactoriamente para efectuar el servicio de transferencia de calor requerido ya que el porciento de área en exceso calculado no supera el 40 %, y los valores de las caídas de presión para ambas corrientes no superan los límites máximos establecidos por el proceso. El intercambiador de calor propuesto es viable de emplear para un rango del caudal de alimentación de la acetona de 15,15 – 28,70 kg/s, y para un intervalo de la temperatura de entrada de la acetona de 7,95 – 32,60 ºC.
Numerical Modelling of TEM Fields by the Edge-Based Finite Element Method Using Tetrahedral Element for Central Rectangular Loops
Authors: Shahnazari- Aval Hossein , Meshinchi-Asl Mirsattar , Mehramuz Mahmoud
Published: October 2021

In this study, we have implemented an edge-based finite element method for the numerical modeling of the transient electromagnetic method. We took the Helmholtz equation of the electric field as the governing equation for the edge-based finite element analysis. The modeling domain was discretized using linear tetrahedral mesh supported by Whitney-type vector basis functions. We inferred the equations by applying the Galerkin method. The system of equation was solved using a corrected version of the Bi Conjugate Gradient Stabilized Method (BiCGStab) algorithm to reduce the computational time. We obtained numerical solution for electric field in the Laplace domain; then the field was transformed into the time domain using the Gaver-Stehfest algorithm. Following this, the impulse response of the magnetic field was obtained through the Faraday law of electromagnetic induction as it is considerably more stable and computationally more efficient than inversion using the Fourier Transform. 3D geoelectric models were used to investigate the convergence of the edge-based finite element method with the analytic solution. The results are in good agreement with the analytical solution value for two resistivity contrasts in the 3D geoelectric brick model. We also compared the results of tetrahedral elements with the brick element in the 3D horizontal sheet and 3D conductive brick model. The results indicated that these two elements show very similar errors, but tetrahedral reflects fewer relative errors. For the low resistivity geoelectric model, numerical checks against the analytical solution, integral-equation method, and finite-difference time-domain solutions showed that the solutions would provide accurate results.
Petrology of lamprophyric in northern Jirandeh, Iran
Authors: Soleimani Abdolreza , Haghnazar Shahrooz , Vosoughi Abedini Mansour , Hakimi Asiaber Saeed
Published: October 2021

This study was performed on the outcrops of lamprophyric lavas found in the north of Jirandeh and east of Lushan in the mountain of Alborz (north of Iran). These lavas has been placed discordantly on the middle Eocene lime..Petrographic observation indicates olivine phenocrysts, green-core alkaline clinopyroxenes, nepheline, abundant biotite, and apatites with flakes. and in the matrix it also contains biotite, olivine, clinopyroxene and plagioclase.The presence of carbonates, plagioclase and xenocrystals with rounded margins asserts the contamination with continental crust Petrologically, these rocks classify as alkaline lamprophyres of comptonite variety.These rocks can be subsumed under alkaline sodic categories at K2O/Na2O<1 ratio. The rare elements patterns in the rocks, normalized with the primitive mantle, causing partial negative Nb anomalies and showing no blades at the surface. It, therefore, can be indicative of the evidence for an intraplate magmatism with the different degree in the crustal contamination. Geochemistry states the first cause of asthenospheric flow can be occurred at La/Nb<1 and La/Ta 13 ratios, and the presence of garnet can be assumed at 1/8< (Tb/Yb) N ratio in the rocks origin area. In tectonic discrimination diagrams, these rocks fall in the range of intra-continental rift zones. Geochemical analyses indicate that these lamprophyres originate from partial (1%) melting of an OIB-like asthenospheric mantle source of lherzolite garnet nature.
Legal regulation of rational energy production and consumption in Russia and other states
Authors: Tonkov Evgeniy E. , Turanin Vladislav Yu. , Lilikova Oksana S. , Staroseltseva Marina M. , Gorshkova Elena A.
Published: October 2021

The authors of the article analyze the problems of legal regulation of rational subsoil use and energy consumption in Russia, Germany, USA, Japan and other countries. It also compares the energy legislation of different countries. Based on the results, it was concluded that the development of the legislation of these countries is in general compliance with the strategic goals in the field of energy production and consumption. These goals are the construction of ecologically clean "green" energy based on the rational use of mineral resources and minerals and the rational and efficient distribution of energy.
Renovation readiness matrix for cities
Authors: Kievskiy Leonid , Kievskiy Ilya , Sergeeva Anastasia
Published: October 2021

The accumulated positive experience of the housing stock renovation in Moscow puts issues of its distribution in other cities on a current agenda in many regions. The housing stock renovation program has an integrated impact on the social and economic development of the urban environment. However, economic factors are primarily important to the program implementation. The authors of this article have identified a number of economic criteria / parameters that help to assess the readiness for renovation in a particular city. The article introduces a Renovation Readiness Matrix that allows consolidating these parameters.
Desarrollo y estudio de características de sondas de vibraciones de fibra óptica
Authors: Soloviev Vladimir S. , Timoshenkov Sergey P. , Timoshenkov Andrey S.
Published: October 2021

La integración de dispositivos ópticos en microelectrónica es muy atractiva para desarrollar subminiaturización continua y aumentar la velocidad de transmisión de datos. Por lo tanto aquí se tiene por objetivo presentar y explorar todas las oportunidades del uso de una sonda óptica simple basado en la reflexión de la luz de una superficie vibradora.Se miden las vibraciones por medir la amplituda de un cono de luz radiante en función de la distancia hasta la superficie vibradora. Se llevaron a cabo las pruebas usando la fibra óptica más popular con una apertura numérica de 0.12. La longitud de la onda láser en la sonda fue 1 310 nm. El láser usado en el canal de medida del banco de control tenía una onda de  640 nm. El resultado de las pruebas fue la construcción de una sonda de vibraciones simple basado en fibra óptica mediante el uso del láser, optodiodo y esplitter. Se mostró por experimentación que la amplitud de la luz reflejada cambiaba según la ley exponencial en función de la distancia hasta la superficie vibradora. La exactitud de las mediciones por el interferómetro fue 22 nm. El largo de coherencia de los láseres usados en este dispositivo fue 2 mm. Ese largo bien bastaba para derivar un patrón de franjas de contraste. Se midieron las vibraciones de varias superficies de 500 μm a 22 nm. Una ventaja de la sonda es su simplicidad máxima y una exactitud de mediciones bastante alta. La frecuencia medida de vibraciones se limita sólo a la caraсterística transmisora de la parte electrónica de la sonda. Los materiales aquí presentados son de valor práctica para usar sus principios en medidores micro de acceleraciones, sondas de velocidad angular y muchas otras sondas de cantidades físicas.
Performance dynamics of pdc cutters used in breaking ductile brittle rock
Authors: Trushkin Oleg B. , Akchurin Hamzja I.
Published: October 2021

The widespread application of cutting - chipping action bits with PDC cutters is held back due to the intense chipping and breakage of the latter. This article presents the results of bench-scale tests conducted to determine the values of three mutually perpendicular components of the load on sharp-edged and beveled rock-breaking cutters of 13.5 mm in diameter as well as the dynamic-response factors and mean square deviations (MSD) of these components. The forces change in time by leaps, which reflects the rock fracturing under the cutter. The MSD accepted as per-cycle amplitude is four times as low on average as the mean axial force; when a sharp-edged and a beveled cutter is used, the MSD is by 150 to 300 and by 300 to 500 % lower than the mean circumferential force.
Mini review of parasitoids of insect pest in Brazil
Authors: Carlos Henrique Marchiori
Published: October 2021

In the process of manipulating agroecosystems, man adopts strategies that often conflict with those of the nature by imposing its interests and objectives to increase the food and fiber production. As a result, populations of certain species of herbivores, such as insects and mites phytophagous, become numerically so high that they damage the crops to the point of reducing their productivity and, consequently, their economic income. The aim of the mini review is to provide a bibliographic summary of parasitoids of the Order Hymenoptera collected from insect pests in Brazil. The research was carried out in studies related to the theme with emphasis on the quantitative aspects of the genera, and species (Taxonomic groups). A bibliographic search was carried out that contained papers published from 1998 to June 2021. The mini review was prepared in Goiânia, Goiás from March to June 2021 using the Electronic Scientific Library Online (Scielo) and internet. Thus, biological control aims to reduce the population level of a species classified as a pest, keeping it below the level in which it is capable of causing economic harm.
FORMULATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND IN VITRO EVALUTION OF GABAPENTIN FLOATING MICROSPHERES
Authors: Samal H. B , Das I. J. , Murthy P. N. ,   Biju Patnaik University of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha-769004, India.
Published: October 2021

The present study involves the design and characterization of floating microspheres with gabapentin as model drug for prolongation of gastric residence time. Gabapentin floating microspheres were prepared by o/w/o emulsification solvent diffusion technique using ethyl cellulose as the rate controlling polymer at various concentrations. The shape and surface morphology of microspheres were characterized by optical and scanning electron microscopy. Absence of drug-polymer interaction was confirmed by FTIR analysis. In vitro drug release studies were performed and drug release kinetics was evaluated using the linear regression method. Effects of polymer concentration, solvent composition, particle size, drug entrapment efficiency and drug release were also studied. The synthesized microspheres exhibited prolonged drug release (> 12 h) and remained buoyant for > 24 h. The drug entrapment efficiency was in the range 46-70 %. At higher polymer concentration, the average particle size was increased and the drug release rate decreased. In vitro studies revealed diffusion-controlled drug release from the microspheres. Among all the formulations (F1-F5), F4 is the optimized formulation.
FABRICATION OF CURCUMIN LOADED GUAR GUM MICROPARTICLES FOR CONTROLLED RELEASE BY EMULSION GELATION TECHNIQUE
Authors: Roopa G , Jayanthi C. , Karki R , Joshi H. , Divakar G , Rajalakshmi V. G. ,   Department of Pharmaceutics, Sarada Vilas College of Pharmacy, Mysore - 560 004, Karnataka, India.
Published: October 2021

Cross-linked guar gum microparticles of curcumin were prepared for controlled release by emulsion gelation method using glutaraldehyde as cross-linking agent. Morphology and surface characteristics of the formulations were assessed by scanning electron microscopy. Particle size of the guar gum microparticles was determined by optical microscopy. The mean particle size ranged from 82 to 250 μ. The % drug loading was found to be in the range of 20 to 51% while the percentage encapsulation efficiency was ranging between 29 to 86%. FT-IR and DSC studies revealed the compatibility of the drug with the polymer. Formulation CGMP3 exhibited maximum % EE of 84%, In vitro drug-release studies were performed in simulated gastric fluid (without enzymes) for 2 h followed by simulated intestinal fluid (without enzymes) for 6 h and continued for 24 h. Formulation CGMP3 exhibited relatively more sustained release profile than the other formulations. All formulations of 1.5% guar gum (CGMP2, CGMP3 and CGMP4) have shown retarded release than 1.0 % guar gum formulations (CGMP6, CGMP7 and CGMP8). Optimal glutaraldehyde concentration was found to be 2%. The optimized formulation subjected to stability studies was found to be stable when observed for particle size and drug content.
FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF AN IN SITU OPHTHALMIC GELLING SYSTEM OF BRIMONIDINE TARTRATE AND TIMOLOL MALEATE FOR THE TREATMENT OF GLAUCOMA
Authors: Shirodker A , Bhangle S. , Gude R. ,   Department of Pharmaceutics, Goa College of Pharmacy, 18th June Road, Panaji - 403 001, Goa, India.
Published: October 2021

The present study involved formulation of an in situ gelling system of brimonidine tartrate and timolol maleate for the treatment of glaucoma. Carbopol® 980 NF, xanthum gum and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose K4 M were used as polymers. The prepared in situ gelling systems were evaluated for clarity, appearance, texture analysis, pH, viscosity, rheological properties, in vitro gelation, isotonicity, drug content uniformity, in vitro release studies, microbiological evaluation, ex vivo release studies and stability testing. The results of the attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry studies confirmed that there is no incompatibility between the drugs and the excipients. The formulations exhibited pseudoplastic rheology and formulation 3 showed the highest release of both the drugs from the formulation. The stability studies showed that the formulation was stable over the given period of time. Thus, it is evident that the in situ gelling system is a promising drug delivery system for the treatment of glaucoma.
SYNTHESIS, SPECTRAL CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTICANCER EVALUATION OF NEW DIAZENYL SCHIFF BASE DERIVATIVES
Authors: Sarangi P. K. N. , Sahoo J. , Paidesetty S. K , Mohanta G. P. ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sri Jayadev College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naharkanta, Bhubaneswar - 752 101, Odisha, India.
Published: October 2021

A series of several diazenyl Schiff base derivatives were designed and synthesized through azo coupling of diazotised primary amines with the novel synthesized Schiff base ligand (E)-N-((2-chloroquinolin-3-yl) methylene)-4-phenylthiazol-2-amine. All the synthesized compounds have been analysed by different spectral techniques such as elemental analysis, 1H NMR, FT-IR, UV-Vis and LC-MS for their structural confirmation. The above conjugates have been studied for their solvent effects by treating them with different solvents. The results of in vitro cytotoxic study of the synthesized compounds against MCF 7 (human breast cancer cell line) and K562 (Chronic Myeloid Leukemia cell line) revealed that some of the compounds show cytotoxic effect. However, the compounds (NZ)-N-(((4-bromo-3-methylphenyl) diazenyl) (2-chloroquinolin-3-yl) methylene)-4-phenylthiazol-2-amine: (5d) and 4-(((Z)-(2-chloroquinolin-3- yl)(4-phenylthiazol-2-ylimino)methyl)diazenyl)phenol (5e) showed potent cytotoxic activity in comparison to other compounds against MCF 7. Corroborating the results of anticancer activity, it is found to be observed that the compound 4- (((Z)- (2-chloroquinolin-3-yl) (4-phenylthiazol-2-ylimino)methyl) diazenyl) phenol (5e) showed excellent anticancer activity against MCF 7, which is further justified by the apoptosis study through Annexin V-FITC/PI analysis.
Consumul chimic de oxigen în apele râului Prut
Authors:   Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, Ivanova Anastasia
Published: October 2021

Chemical oxygen demand (COD) was determined in water samples from the Prut River during 2020. Mean values of CODMn and CODCr ranged from 3.5 to 9.0 mg O2/L (5.5 ± 1.2 mg O2/L) and from 12 to 45 mg O2/L (22 ± 8.7 mg O2/L) respectively. The analysis of the results demonstrates the existence in the waters of the Prut River of easily degradable organic substances (an indicator of fresh and permanent pollution) and those that are difficult to degrade. According to the requirements of the Regulation on the quality of surface waters, the water from the Prut River for the period studied in accordance to the chemical oxygen demand with manganese is assigned to quality class I-II (very good – good), and after chemical oxygen demand with chrome – to class II-III (good – moderately polluted).
Productivitatea fitoplanctonului fluviului Nistru și lacului de acumulare Dubăsari în condițiile impactului factorilor naturali și antropici
Authors:   Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, Ungureanu Laurentia , Tumanova Daria ,   Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, Ungureanu Grigore ,   Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova
Published: October 2021

The article presents the results on the study of productivity of phytoplankton and destruction of organic matter in the Dniester River and Dubasari reservoir in 2020. The values of primary production in Dniester River varied during the vegetation period within the limits of 0.81-3.79 gO2/m-2 24h, and of the destruction of organic substances between 3.9-45.12 gO2/m-2 24h. In the Dubasari reservoir, the primary production of phytoplankton was significantly influenced by the hydrochemical and hydrobiological state of the waters from the middle sector of the Dniester River and varied within 0.572.82 gO2/m-2 24h. The values of destruction of organic substances exceeded the values of primary production and registering values between 2.1623.66 gO2/m-2 24h. The seasonal and spatial fluctuations of phytoplankton primary production values in Dniester river and Dubasari reservoir are followed by successions of phytoplankton structure, changes in nutrient concentrations and oscillations of water transparency values. The values of destruction of organic substances were higher than primary production values. The A/R ratio reflect a negative balance of formation of organic substances in Dniester River and Dubasari reservoir.
Starea macrobentosului rîului Prut în anul 2020
Authors:   Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, Munjiu Oxana
Published: October 2021

In this study the author presents data on the density, biomass and diversity of macrobenthos along the Prut River in 2020. There are data on groups more sensitive to environmental changes and anthropogenic impact, collection points of interest in terms of species conservation due to the presence of rare species, the potential impact of invasive species.
Ihtiofauna lacului de acumulare Dubăsari – compoziția, dinamica modificărilor stării cantitative și calitative
Authors:   Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, Bulat Dumitru ,   Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, Usatii Marin ,   Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, Bulat Denis ,   Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, Dadu Ana ,   Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, Cebanu Aureliu ,   Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova
Published: October 2021

This paper represents the results of the researches of the ichthyofauna of the Dubăsari accumulation lake in successional aspect. It was found that due to the influence of anthropogenic factors in the last 5-6 decades (construction of Naslavcea and Novodnestrovsc dams, excavation of sand and river gravel from the minor riverbed, use of water for various purposes, accidental, biological and thermal pollution, damage and destruction of substrate of reproduction for lithophilic and phytophilic species, etc.) in the ichthyofauna of the middle course of the Dniester River (Naslavcea – Camenca village) and the Dubasari accumulation lake have undergone essential changes, reflecting the structural and functional status of the fish populations, the growth rate, sexual maturation, prolificacy and the annual sexual cycle. Apart from these factors that have influenced and continue to negatively influence the fishery resources in the Dubasari reservoir, the factor of their poor management also persists in the last 25 years.
Dinamica efectivului numeric al bacteriilor amonificatoare și denitrificatoare în sectorul inferior al râului Prut în perioada a. 2015-2019
Authors:   Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, Subernetkii Igor , Negru Maria ,   Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova
Published: October 2021

This paper reflects the seasonal and spatial dynamics of the number of microorganisms of the nitrogen cycle (ammonifiers and denitrifiers) in the lower areas of the Prut River.
Dal “crocifisso di Stato” al “crocifisso di classe” (nota a margine di Cass., SS. UU., 9 settembre 2021, n. 24414)
Authors: Colaianni Nicola
Published: October 2021

SOMMARIO: 1. Quadro normativo - 2. Ragionevole accomodamento - 3. Procedimento e soluzioni - 4. Inconvenienti di fatto e prospettive - Appendice.

From the “crucifix of State” to the “crucifix of class” (note in margin of Cassation 2021 sept. 9, n. 24414).

ABSTRACT: The display of a crucifix in the classrooms is a request furniture by students. In case of dissent by other students or by teachers the headteacher has to search for a mediation, namely a reasonable accomodation, among the conflicting opinions.
Cultura e cidade em debate: o caso de Sobral, no nordeste brasileiro
Authors: Lima-Ferreira Dioclide
Published: October 2021

Pensar as cidades brasileiras é pensar num contexto de desigualdades que se acirra por regiões. No entanto, nos anos 2000 o crescimento econômico brasileiro permitiu o desenvolvimento econômico de várias cidades numa das regiões mais desfavorecidas economicamente do país, no caso a região nordeste.  E uma cidade no estado do Ceará se destaca, Sobral. Neste artigo, objetiva-se analisar a cultura e suas ressignificações a partir das modificações no espaço urbano de Sobral. Como esses elementos interferem na vida dos cidadãos.
Revisión de estrategias por enfoques en torno a la gestión del agua a nivel global y latinoamericano
Authors: Álvarez-Tinoco Ingrid Julieth , Preciado-Beltrán Jair
Published: October 2021

Dado que el recurso hídrico es un elemento fundamental para garantizar la seguridad ambiental, social y económica del presente y futuro desarrollo humano, se hace relevante el priorizar el cuidado y recuperación de las fuentes hídricas ya que estas son fundamentales en la estructura ecológica principal de las ciudades alrededor del mundo y por esto son claves las estrategias de gestión en la resolución del conflicto hídrico. Por lo anterior, este articulo tiene como objetivo la realización de una revisión bibliográfica que tenga como base los referentes internacionales que permitan identificar cuáles son las estrategias de gestión por enfoques que se han venido desarrollando a lo largo de los últimos veinte años (1998-2018) en torno a las fuentes hídricas a nivel mundial y dando un enfoque especial a Latinoamérica. Con esta revisión se pretende percibir hacia donde se están encaminando las soluciones de las diferentes problemáticas que se tejen en torno al recurso hídrico y así identificar cuáles son las estrategias que han arrojado los mejores resultados.
Desarrollo de un modelo para la gestión del humedal Urama, Venezuela
Authors: López Nereida
Published: October 2021

El concepto de gestión se ha integrado últimamente a la ecología como un proceso planificado, dinámico y continuo.  El compromiso ecológico global establece metas de protección ambiental implementando áreas protegidas (AP).  La planificación de la gestión consiste en definir los objetivos respecto de las características ecológicas, procesos y valores del ecosistema. El objetivo de la investigación es la de desarrollar un modelo de gestión del humedal Urama, Venezuela, (MH-CIHAM-UC), basado en el análisis de las políticas y estrategias de gestión de humedales de 14 países de América Latina más España. El modelo aplica la valoración de los componentes de la Convención de Ramsar: Política, características ecológicas, evaluación, objetivos, y plan de acción. Como resultado se ha obtenido un Indicador de Modelo de Gestión de Humedales (IMGH), cuyo valor cuantitativo integral es igual a 0,67, siendo el máximo igual a 1. Para la valoración cualitativa del IMGH, 13,3 % alcanza la categoría “muy alto”, el 33,33% “alto”, el 20% “mediano” y el 33,33% “bajo”.  Con este resultado se desarrolla el MH-CIHAM-UC integrando 5 componentes, 28 variables y 56 atributos para un proceso de diagnóstico y evaluación, considerando las variables de impacto para la toma de decisión del Plan de Acción.
Valores presentes en el paisaje de la ciudad de Pachuca, Hidalgo, México
Authors: Sánchez-Roldán María Elena
Published: October 2021

Esta investigación forma parte del trabajo de tesis realizado para obtener el grado de Doctora en Diseño, Planificación y Conservación de Paisajes y Jardines, en la Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Azcapotzalco, cuyo título es Revaloración del Patrimonio Cultural de la Ciudad de Pachuca, Hidalgo, México. Antes de abordar el concepto de revaloración, es necesario definir qué es un valor y cómo éste es identificado dentro de los componentes del paisaje de la ciudad; por ello se pretende describir los valores del paisaje presentes en la zona en estudio, que hacen de esta metrópoli un sitio icónico por su historia, riqueza mineral, topografía y cultura. Se ha tomado como referente el método de análisis de la Metropolitan Situation Analysis (MESA), concebido por el programa “Training for Education, Learning and Leadership Towards a New Metropolitan discipline TELLme”, perteneciente a la red internacional de investigación sobre ciudades y metrópolis, coordinada por la Facultad de Arquitectura del Politécnico de Milán, Italia, a través del Programa Erasmus Plus de la Unión Europea, 2014-2020 y el documento del Catálogo de Paisaje de la Región Metropolitana de Barcelona (2017) así como una exhaustiva recopilación de información documental, bibliográfica, cartográfica y fotográfica y realización de recorridos por la ciudad, todo ello con miras a recabar información que permita la apreciación del Patrimonio Cultural de la ciudad a  través  de los valores paisajísticos presentes en ella
Safety and Effectiveness of Total Thyroidectomy for Benign Multinodular Goitre
Authors: Musbah Naser , Saad Hasan I. Fadel , Mohamed Salma Saleh
Published: October 2021

Total thyroidectomy is considered the best choice for thyroids carcinoma. However, it is still controversial for benign thyroid diseases because of higher complication rates. But meticulous surgical techniques by expert surgeons can avoid most of the complications and thereby avoid the risk of reoperation for any recurrences. The objective of the study was to evaluate and justify the use of total thyroidectomy in benign thyroid diseases especially in multinodular goiter and Grave’s disease. We have carried out an ongoing prospective study of thyroidectomy cases for different indications over a span of 5 years, from 2012 to 2016; in the Surgery department, Al-Thowra teaching hospital, Al-Beida. The total number of operated cases was 353. Cases were distributed according to age, sex, diagnosis and operative procedures. Various complications encountered were enlisted. Total thyroidectomy was performed in 247 cases for MNG and Thyroid malignancy. Hemi-thyroidectomy or lobectomy was done in 82 cases for solitary nodules. Enucleation of cysts was done in 6 cases. Operations were done for recurrent nodules in 18 cases. Overall complications were few and only minor. We recommend total thyroidectomy for all cases of MNG; which will reduce the risk of recurrence and development of malignancy in residual thyroid tissue. It also can prevent secondary thyrotoxicosis.
حصر بعض الأمراض الفطرية على أوراق الورد بمدينة البيضاء، ليبيا
Authors: محمد نوارة علي , عبدالله نوال جمعة , السنوسي عمر موسي
Published: October 2021

أجريت هذه الدراسة على نباتات الورد النامية في مدينة البيضاء عام 2016 بهدف حصر الأمراض الفطرية على أوراق نبات الورد النامي بمدينة البيضاء، أوضحت نتائج الدراسة أن شجيرات الورد المزروعة في الحدائق العامة  كانت الأعلى اصابة  معنوياً مقارنة بالحدائق المنزلية والمشاتل، ويظهر من هذه النتائج أن كمية المرض على أوراق الورد المزروع بالبيضاء كانت عالية خلال فترة الدراسة، كانت الحدائق المنزلية والمشاتل أقلها اصابة ( 45.5% و 48.3%) على التوالي. مقارنة بالحدائق العامة (73%)،الأمراض التي سجلت في هذه الدراسة كانت: البياض الدقيقي،الصدأ، البقعة السوداء، والبقعة الفضية، احتراق الحواف، واللطخة؛ أكثر الأمراض تواجداً هو مرض البياض الدقيقي حيث بلغ (46.9% و 30.4%) لكل من نسبة الإصابة وشدتها على أوراق الورد المزروعة بمدينة البيضاء على التوالي، بينما مرض الصدأ كان أقل الأمراض المسجلة بالمنطقة خلال سنة 2016 بنسبة اصابة لم يتجاوز متوسطها 4.1%. مع عدم وجود فروق معنوية بين الاتجاهات النبات وإن نسبة الإصابة تتراوح بين 37.5-40%، وكان شهر يوليو هو أعلى الشهور إصابة، وأن أوراق الورد المسنَّة هي الأعلى نسبة أصابة في جميع شهور الدراسة.
Phenotypic Study on the Bacterial Isolates from Equine with Respiratory Disorders regarding Antimicrobial Drug Resistance
Authors: Nehal M. Fawzy , Kamelia M. Osman , Azza N. F. , Shaimaa R. A. Abd Elmawgoud , Soumaya S.A. El Shafii , Shahein M. A. , Ibraheem E. M.
Published: October 2021

Upper respiratory tract infection and pneumonia in foals are primarily caused by a bacterial infection. Gram-negative bacteria are commonly found in neonatal pneumonia although gram-positive and mixed infections could be accompanied. The current study aimed to detect the different pathogens causing respiratory disorders in the equine, describe the antimicrobial resistance in these pathogens, and determine the types of antimicrobial isolates. A total of 203 different samples were collected from 42 horse foals, 5 adult horses, and 4 donkey foals from June 2019 to April 2020. All samples were subjected to bacteriology analysis and isolated bacteria were analyzed using susceptibility test for different antibacterial agents. The findings indicated that 38 (74.5%) animals were positive for the isolation of bacteria causing respiratory disorders. The most predominant isolates were Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. Pneumoniae followed by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus equi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus zooepidemicus, Proteus mirabilis, Rhodococcus equi, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Streptococcus mitis. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is isolated from all organs, including the lungs. All K. pneumoniae isolates were sensitive to lomefloxacin, cefotaxime, meropenem, enrofloxacin, neomycin, and chloramphenicol. The Pseudomonas aerugenosa (P. aeruginosa) is sensitive to aztreonam and 20% of isolates sensitive to Piperacillin-tazobactam. All Proteus mirabilis were sensitive to ampicillin-sulbactam, piperacillin-tazobactam, and cefoperazone. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia was only sensitive to oxytetracycline and lomefloxacin. Staphylococcus aureus was susceptible to Piperacillin-tazobactam (50%), 25% to lomefloxacin; Streptococcus equi were sensitive to vancomycin 33.3% while 16.7% to erythromycin and doxycycline, Streptococcus zooepidemicus (100%) were sensitive to cefotaxime, meropenem, and doxycycline. All isolates of Enterococcus species were sensitive to penicillin, piperacillin-tazobactam, and lomefloxacin. Moreover, Rhodococcus equi (one isolate) was only sensitive to clarithromycin. The antimicrobial susceptibility test illustrated the presence of multidrug-resistant and pan-drug resistant isolates which proved the indiscriminate and extensive use of antibiotics. In conclusion, resistance monitoring data and risk assessment identified several direct and/or indirect predisposing factors to be potentially associated with MDR development in the equine health sector of Egypt. The predisposing factors may be attributed to insufficient veterinary healthcare, monitoring, and regulatory services, in addition to the intervention of animal health service providers, and/ or farmers’ lack of knowledge about drugs. The misuse and overuse of antibiotics have led to the evolution of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in equine in Egypt.
The Broad Range of Coronaviruses Co-existing in Chiropteran: Implications for One Health
Authors: Bonilla-Aldana D. Katterine , Toro-Ortiz Catalina , Jimenez-Salazar Paula , Guevara-Manso Valeria , Jimenez-Diaz S. Daniela , Bonilla-Aldana Jorge L. , Gutierrez-Grajales Erwin J. , Pecho-Silva Samuel , Paniz-Mondolfi Alberto , Antonio Suárez Jose , Pachar Monica R. , Martinez-Pulgarin Dayron F. , Zambrano Lysien I. , Soler-Tovar Diego , Rodriguez-Morales Alfonso J. , Mattar Salim
Published: October 2021

Bats are a group of mammals that harbor the most significant number of coronaviruses. The aim of present review article was to analyze the broad spectrum of the coronavirus coexisting in Chiropterans hosts. Bats have certain types of cell receptors that allow them to be the potential hosts of a large number of viruses without the presence of any clinical manifestations, and to be a source of contagion infections for other animals and human species. Emphasis can be placed on five coronaviruses, such as Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Disease, Severe Acute Diarrhea Syndrome, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome 2, which have had significant impacts causing epidemic outbreaks in different parts of the world, and generating implications for both human and animal health. In conclusion, recent research indicated the importance of bats as potential hosts of multiple coroaviruses leading to some zoonotic diseases.
Clinical and Laboratory Findings in Dogs Undergoing Adjuvant Chemotherapy with Gemcitabine/Carboplatin Combination for Mammary Neoplasia
Authors: Israel Carolina Bistritschan , Maués Tábata , Ferreira Ana Maria Reis , Ferreira Maria de Lourdes Gonçalves
Published: October 2021

Adjuvant chemotherapy might be indicated in some canine mammary cancer cases due to metastatic potential. In this regard, studies to determine adverse events following chemotherapy protocols are valuable. The purpose of this prospective clinical trial was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of gemcitabine and carboplatin combination in dogs with malignant mammary tumors. For this prospective clinical trial, 21 female dogs mastectomized due to malignant mammary neoplasia underwent adjuvant chemotherapy with gemcitabine (3 mg/kg, 60-minute IV infusion) and carboplatin (10 mg/kg, 20-minute IV infusion) based protocol every 21 days for three cycles. They were monitored periodically for treatment-related adverse events by clinical and laboratory evaluations. A total of 17 (80.9%) dogs developed leukopenia, 10 (47.6%) neutropenia, and 15 (71.4%) thrombocytopenia at least once along with the three chemotherapy cycles. All these hematologic toxicities were grade 1, 2, or 3. Two (9.5%) animals had evidence of gastrointestinal toxicity; however, clinical signs were mild to moderate (grades 1 and 2). No dog had life-threatening adverse events (grade 4) or even died (grade 5) of treatment-related complications. The adjuvant chemotherapy protocol with gemcitabine and carboplatin was well-tolerated and safe in female dogs for mammary cancer treatment with self-limiting hematological and gastrointestinal adverse events.
The Effect of Different Dietary Energy and Protein Sources on Blood Profile of Crossbreed Holstein Dairy Cows Raised in Small Stake Holder Farms
Authors: Hudaya Mohammad Firdaus , Sitaresmi Pradita Iustitia , Widayati Diah Tri
Published: October 2021

The study aimed to evaluate the effect of protein and energy supplementation on the biochemical blood parameters in Holstein cows. The effect of energy and protein supplementation used corn and soybean meal was evaluated on biochemical blood profile in three groups of Holstein cows raised in small stakeholder farmers in Yogyakarta from February to May 2020. Thirty multiparous Holstein cows were allocated to three treatment groups, namely T0 in which the cows fed by the basal diet from the local farmer as well as the T1 (3.5% energy and protein supplementation) and T2 (5% energy and protein supplementation), in which the cows were fed by added energy and protein supplementation. The diets designed for the treatment groups were different from the basal diet by adding two additional ingredients which were soybean meal and corn meal in purpose to depress the stress from adaptive feeding. The results showed that the treated cows (T1 and T2) had significantly higher serum concentrations of glucose (T1 = 2.12 ± 0.49 mmol/L, T2 = 1.86 ± 0.40 mmol/L) rather than T0 (0.98 ± 0.48 mmol/L). The total concentration of serum protein and urea in treated cows was significantly lower than those with the basal diet. Total serum protein and urea in T1 were 0.69 ± 1.37 mmol/L and 7.21 ± 1.99 mmol/L, respectively; which they were 0.63 ± 0.06 mmol/L and 7.69 ± 3.07 mmol/L in T2, compared to the T0 which were 0.82 ±0.05 mmol/L and 7.69 ± 3.07 mmol/L, respectively. There was no significant difference in blood cholesterol among all treatment groups. In conclusion, the supplementations that varied in the proportion of energy and protein intake affected some biochemical blood profiles, such as glucose, protein, and blood urea nitrogen.
Comparison of Painful Response to Mechanical Stimulation of the Plantar and Dorsal Surface of Paw Following Chronic Constriction Injury-induced Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Ghanbari Ali , Mohammadi Mohadeseh
Published: October 2021

Mechanical and thermal stimuli were used to evaluate neuropathic pain-like behavior in animal models usually. Mechanical stimulation of paw plantar surface is commonly used to determine mechanical allodynia. In the present study, paw withdrawal response to plantar surface stimulation was compared with paw withdrawal response to dorsal surface stimulation. To this end, a total of 30 female Wistar rats (180-220 g), were assigned randomly to three groups as intact (without any manipulation), sham (incision of skin and muscles without nerve injury), and neuropathy (sciatic nerve lesion) with 10 in each group. To induction of neuropathy (chronic constriction injury), four movable ligations were established around the sciatic nerve using catgut chromic suture with a distance of one millimeter apart and then wound incision was closed. In the sham group, the incision site was closed without nerve ligation. Mechanical allodynia was examined by Von Frey filaments for four weeks. The findings indicated that the paw withdrawal threshold following dorsal surface stimulation was significantly reduced compared to the sham group at day 21 post-surgery. Moreover, paw withdrawal threshold following plantar surface stimulation significantly decreased compared to the sham group at day 21 post-surgery. The present results regarding the sham group showed that the paw withdrawal threshold after mechanical stimulation of the plantar surface was not significantly different from that of the dorsal surface paw. In addition, and there was no significant difference between the paw withdrawal response to plantar surface and dorsal one. In conclusion, paw withdrawal threshold to plantar surface mechanical stimulation was not significantly different from one in dorsal surface following neuropathic pain induced by chronic constriction injury.
The Influence of Basil Seed Hydroethanolic Extract on the Skin Wound Healing in Diabetic Male Rats
Authors: Hadi Mehran , Moghtadaei-Khorasgani Elham , Hossein Etesamnia Mohammad
Published: October 2021

Diabetic wounds and cutaneous wounds are important issues in medical science. Basil is an herbaceous plant and has compounds such as terpenes, flavonoids, and antioxidant properties. A total of 50 male Wistar rats were allocated into 10 groups including the healthy group without treatment, the healthy group treated with 1% phenytoin, eucerin, 5% basil seed extract, 10% basil seed, diabetic group without treatment, 1% phenytoin, eucerin. After anesthesia of rats, we made a 4 cm2 wound on the back of the animal, and different histopathological characteristics were examined, and also on days 3, 7, and 21, the area of wounds was analyzed. In the healthy group treated with 10% basil seed extract, it was revealed that the wound size was significantly healed in the research days. In the diabetic rat groups, the decrease in the wound area was not significant and there was no significant difference between groups. Histopathological findings on day 21 in the healthy group treated with 10% basil seed extract revealed proper epidermis formation and relatively dense dermis containing collagen filaments. While in the diabetic groups, healing was slower. The results indicated that basil extract with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant characteristics can quicken the repair of cutaneous wounds.
Effect of Larvicidal Extract N-Hexane Lime Leaves (Citrus hystrix) on Larva Instar III Mosquito (Culex quinquefasciatus)
Authors: Hanif Muhammad , Lastuti Nunuk Dyah Retno , Kurnijasanti Rochmah
Published: October 2021

Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes are a vector of transmission of several types of diseases, such as filariasis, Japanese encephalitis, and dirofilariasis. Larval control is the key strategy of disease control programs caused by vectors around the world because it can prevent larvae to enter the adult stage. Control of mosquito larvae that are often used is chemically controlled. Citrus hystrix is a natural plant and contains chemical compounds that have biological activity, such as flavonoids, carotenoids, and limonoids. The present study aimed to determine the effect of citrus leaf extract (Citrus hystrix) on the mortality of the larva Culex quinquefasciatus. The method used in the current study was a laboratory experimental study method with the experimental design using a completely randomized design. The research plot carried out was the rearing larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus, the manufacture of citrus leaf extract, the manufacture of larvicidal material, and the observation phase after treatment. Extract N-hexane omplet name hystrix leaf has high toxicity because it contains essential oils, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins, and Limonoids. The Optimal concentration of N-hexane extracts of citrus leaves that lead to larval mortality of Culex quinquefasciatus in vitro amounted to 93.33% on 4 hours of observation with a concentration of 4000 ppm. Extract N-hexane lime leaf has a larvicidal effect on the larva Culex quinquefasciatus in vitro.
Effects of Laying Cycle Periods on Egg Quality, Egg Chemical Composition, and Reproductive Performance of Japanese Quail Breeders Reared in Northern Algeria
Authors: Berrama Zahra , Souames Samir , Merati Rachid , Korteby Hakima Mefti , Chirane Manel S. , Negab Nadia , Hettab Kenza , Idris Hayet , Morzouglal Nawel , Temim Soraya
Published: October 2021

Egg quality traits in quail breeders depend on various factors which may influence embryo survival during incubation, affecting the chicks' production and quality. The current study aimed to determine the effect of the laying period on the external and internal quality of the egg, the chemical composition of albumen, yolk, and eggshell as well as the reproductive parameters of quail breeders. A total of 450 quails (Coturnix japonica) obtained from the same hatchery, were reared in a battery cage with a sex ratio of 1 male to 3 females. All the quails were subjected to standard breeding conditions and fed a balanced laying diet. A total of 960 eggs were collected at two different periods of the laying cycle, the beginning period of the laying (BP indicating 10 weeks of quail age) and the peak period of laying (PP showing 20 weeks of quail age). At each laying period, 30 eggs were used to analyze the various parameters of egg quality, and 450 eggs were randomly selected to assess the reproductive performances. Overall, no differences in the external quality of eggs, such as egg length, egg width, and the egg shape index, were recorded between the two laying periods. Apart from albumen weight that tended to be higher at the peak laying period, the shell and the yolk weights were not affected by the period of laying. Additionally, Japanese quail tend to deposit similar proportions of shell, albumen, and yolk at the two periods of laying. Likewise, the rate of dry matter of the three egg components, shell mineral concentrations, and yolk fat concentrations did not show any noticeable variation with the laying period. The most significant effect of the laying period was related to the potential reduction in the total protein content of the albumen and the yolk of eggs laid at the peak period of laying. Finally, the laying period did not significantly affect the fertility and hatchability rate of the incubated quail eggs but slightly improved the embryonic mortality rate during the peak laying phase.