bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dispelling MBTI Superstition: A Study on the Dialectical Use of MBTI from the Perspective of Social Use
Authors: Liu Han
Published: December 2024

This paper starts from a rational understanding and use of MBTI and explores the advantages of MBTI. However, compared with the previous popular horoscope, MBTI has stronger academic theoretical support and provides young people with a "more scientific" choice, such as "which MBTI is more suitable for traveling" and "the best partner for INFP". MBTI has already become a new trend in people's minds, and many different versions have emerged in the process of spreading. Although MBTI can help people understand themselves more accurately, due to the characteristics of the Internet and the limitations of the test itself, it may bring strong negative effects to people. People's understanding and perception of MBTI may only be limited to a few letter combinations of personality types, leading to the appearance of fixed labels, reliability, validity, etc. problems. This study will analyze from the perspectives of education, enterprises, and individuals, and give relevant suggestions.
The Impact of Apple's RTO Policy on Employee Motivation
Authors: Li Tuo
Published: December 2024

In 2021, many companies around the world have introduced RTO (Return to Office) policies to allow employees who work from home to return to the office. In this regard, Apple, as an internationally strong technology company, is attractive for analyzing the effects of the RTO policy due to its unique corporate culture and management style. This paper mainly tries to analyze the influence of Apple's RTO policy on the motivation of its employees and specifically examines the effects on work efficiency, job satisfaction, and employee resignation conditions. By analyzing employee questionnaires, interviews, and public internal documents, this article explores employee reactions and work situations after Apple implemented the RTO policy. The study found that although face-to-face communication and collaboration can help improve teamwork efficiency and innovation, the loss of the flexibility of remote work has led to a decline in job satisfaction for some employees and even caused high-skilled employees to leave. The evidence-based findings will enable companies to design more flexible work modes after 2021.
Bubble in the Real Estate Market and Its Risks to Macroeconomy: A Case Study of the United States
Authors: Liang Yuxuan
Published: December 2024

The real estate market in the United States is renowned for its cycles of rapid growth and subsequent decline, which have profound implications for the broader economy. This paper delves into the nature of real estate bubbles, investigating their formation, development, and the associated risks to the macroeconomy, with a particular focus on the U.S. market. Through a comprehensive analysis of historical data, key economic indicators, and case studies of significant real estate bubbles, including the infamous 2008 financial crisis, the paper elucidates how these bubbles emerge and the mechanisms through which they impact economic stability. Real estate bubbles are characterized by unsustainable increases in property prices driven by speculative investment, excessive credit expansion, and optimistic market sentiments. The study examines the underlying causes of these bubbles, such as lax lending practices and regulatory failures, and their subsequent bursting, which often leads to severe economic repercussions. The paper further explores how the collapse of a real estate bubble can trigger widespread financial instability, impacting the banking sector, leading to a credit crunch, and resulting in reduced consumer spending and economic growth. Additionally, the paper discusses the role of policy responses in mitigating the risks associated with real estate bubbles. Effective measures include monetary policy adjustments to control credit conditions, enhanced regulatory oversight to prevent lax lending practices, and macroprudential policies designed to address systemic risks. By providing a detailed analysis of these elements, the paper aims to offer insights into managing and preventing the adverse effects of real estate market fluctuations on the macroeconomy.
Research on Current Mining Trade Issues in China
Authors: Li Tianhao
Published: December 2024

Nowadays, although China's mining trade is expanding, some problems have emerged during the development process, preventing the mining trade from reaching its ideal level. Therefore, this paper mainly discusses several issues that have arisen in China's current mining trade, analyzes the problems existing in China's previous and current mining trade, and examines how these various issues may cause large or small damages to China's mining trade market and even the international trade market. It then specifies in detail what measures should be taken or what laws should be promulgated to improve China's issues in this aspect. China should keep up with the pace of the times, use green technology products as much as possible, so that Chinas mineral products can stand firm in the international market, have significant characteristics, and make competition more advantageous. The research significance of this paper is to help China's mining trade market analyze various factors unfavorable to our country's trade situation, thereby helping our country's mining market get rid of the disadvantages of international trade competition, helping the mining market introduce more international supply chains. This may help achieve good trust in international trade and the introduction of our country's minerals to foreign countries. At the same time, this paper also provides valuable value for China's mining-related personnel and researchers.
Analyzing the Marketing Strategy of Luckin Coffee under the New Retail Mode
Authors: Li Qingyuan
Published: December 2024

With the rapid development of science and technology, new retail modes, such as e-commerce and online APPs, gradually emerge and mature into a mainstream consumption pattern. Not only did traditional retailing industries start the revolution, but also infant industries are trying to engage in this new tide. This paper examines Luckin Coffee (Luckin) as a successful case study to investigate its marketing strategy within a large-scale marketing environment through the method of literature review and theoretical analysis such as SWOT and 4Ps theory. The utilization of artificial intelligence and big data adds value to enterprises by enabling them to differentiate themselves in the market and identify their target customers. Therefore, vendors have the ability to provide personalized services, such as online ordering and delivery services, in order to satisfy fast-growing and constantly changing demands of various customers. This article serves as a point of reference for future research in marketing strategies.
The Rise of Online Celebrity and Its Influence on Online ShoppingA Case of Li Ziqi
Authors: Jiang Yiru
Published: December 2024

This article explores the impact of online celebrities, or influencers, on global online shopping and consumer behavior, focusing on the case of Li Ziqi, a well-known Chinese internet celebrity. Li Ziqi has gained a substantial following through her expertly produced videos showcasing traditional Chinese products, attracting consumer interest both locally and internationally. The paper delves into Li Ziqi's journey to fame, her video production techniques, commercial endeavors, and social influence, while also discussing the broader economic implications of online celebrities. Moreover, the article compares livestreaming economies across countries and provides strategic recommendations for optimizing the effectiveness of influencer marketing within regulatory guidelines. The study concludes that online influencers like Li Ziqi significantly impact e-commerce and cultural exchange. Despite facing challenges, they must adapt to trends to sustain their influence. Ensuring consumer privacy and ethical advertising is crucial for balancing commercial interests with consumer rights, thereby sustaining the digital marketing paradigm.
Research on the Business Model Optimization of Bloomage Biotech
Authors: Huang Jinyang
Published: December 2024

In recent years, with economic development and social progress, people's attention to biotechnology has gradually increased, and many biotechnology companies have also emerged, including Bloomage Biotech. However, with the rapid development of Huaxi Biology, the problems with its business model have also inevitably been exposed. This paper studies the business model optimization of Bloomage Biotech based on existing literature and data. The author first discusses the current situation of the business model, and then summarizes the business model based on its operational status. Finally, this paper proposes corresponding optimization suggestions. The results show that, in the rapid development of Chinas market economy, enterprises should optimize their cost structures, carefully select partners, and retain core scientific and technological talent. If an enterprise wants to develop healthily and sustainably, it must optimize its business model in a timely manner. Only by establishing a sound business model can the enterprise effectively ensure that its product development and innovation processes are full of vitality.
The Paths and Enlightenment for Achieving Carbon Neutrality in Chinas Megacities
Authors: Zhu Fangyu
Published: December 2024

The climate change problem has gradually become the focus of peoples attention. Climate change will lead to severe environmental issues, such as global warming and sea level rise. As a responsible country, China positively undertakes the responsibility to face current climate issues and comes up with feasible ideas to solve them. Consequently, China announces realizing carbon peak by 2030 and realizing carbon neutrality by 2060. Based on the rapid urbanization process, the emissions of cities are large, particularly in megacities. According to the research, construction, transportation, and energy fields contribute to higher carbon emissions in megacities. This paper employs a method of literature review and case study to analyze the path towards achieving carbon neutrality in China before 2060. Up to now, Chinas megacities have explored different paths to realize carbon emissions reduction in previous fields. Meanwhile, there are some experiences utilized by foreign megacities that are worth learning. In the future, Chinas megacities will find unique paths to realize carbon neutrality, such as regionally coordinated development.
A Study of the Complexity of Markets and the Diversity of Economic Embodiments
Authors: Xing Yiliang
Published: December 2024

This research investigates the social context of the variety of economic systems and the intricacy of markets. It looks at how markets and economic systems have developed and operated globally, taking into account historical, cultural, and social influences. The analysis and comprehension of the diversity of economic systems and the intricacy of markets are the main goals of this thesis. It investigates the functioning and interactions of various economic systems, including capitalism, socialism, and mixed economies, in various social contexts. The intricacies of markets and their influences on inequality, economic growth, and general social welfare are examined. The goal of this research is to offer a grasp of the composition and dynamics of economic systems and marketplaces. It outlines the main forces at work in them, such as supply and demand, market forces, and governmental involvement. This paper also studies how various economic systems affect social mobility, income distribution, and economic stability. This paper uses analytical data, analysis of literature, case studies and comparative analysis to analyze the various economic systems and their results. This paper finds that economic policies must be tailored to the specific needs of diverse and dynamic markets in order to support inclusive and sustainable growth.
The Test of CAPM and Fama-Franch Three-factor Model on China A-shares
Authors: Zhang Qisheng
Published: December 2024

William Sharpe et al. proposed the CAPM model in 1964, but subsequent empirical studies showed that the CAPM model still had limitations in practical application. In 1993, Fama and Franch proposed the three-factor model, which can explain the future return of the stock portfolio through the company size, the BM ratio of the companies, and express the excess return of a portfolio in the form of three factors. Based on the CAMP and Fama-French three-factor model, this study will use daily trading data of the constituents of the SSE 50 Index to analyze the A-share market by employing the market value factor, company size factor, and BM factor as explaining variables, so as to verify whether the CAPM and Fama-Franch three-factor model is suitable for China A-shares market. The final empirical results show that the CAPM model is applicable to China A-share market, but the validity test of the Fama-Franch three-factor model has not passed completely, that is to say, only in some industries, the Fama-Franch three-factors model can be effectively used.
Study on the Impact of Corporate Training on the Employees Willingness to Leave
Authors: Yan Jiayue
Published: December 2024

Human resources are know for their fluidity nature. The phenomenon of excessive departure rates within enterprises brings numerous adverse consequences. It is indeed a significant issue that poses a disturbance to the long-term development of businesses. In addition, organizational identity plays a crucial role as it can enhance the sense of affiliation and loyalty that employees hold towards the organization, thereby making them more willing to stay. Organizational culture, being a soft force of the enterprise, is capable of creating an excellent working environment. It enhances employees' identification and sense of belonging to the organization, boosts their job satisfaction, and have an important impact on reducing the tendency to leave. Moreover, the theory of organizational integration can improve employees' sense of belonging and loyalty to the organization, ultimately making them more inclined to remain within it.
Affordance
Authors:   Aalborg University, Laursen Linda Nhu , Jensen Ole B. , Löchtefeld Markus
Published: December 2024

Affordance describes an object or space in terms of the actions made possible for the human in the meeting of a design (or non-design) of anything. Affordance is a key concept across all scales of design, as it allows us to not only understand a site, structure, or object in terms of its physical, aesthetical, and material, properties but how these relate to the abilities of humans or animals and their opportunities for actions. For an object “to be graspable, an object must have opposite surfaces separated by a distance less than the span of the hand.” (Gibson, 1979, p 133). In that way, affordances seek to capture the possible relation, the complementarity of the objects or environments properties and the human’s abilities and intent.
TECHNICAL AND ECONOMICAL BENEFITS OF AVIATION CBM IN MAINTENANCE, REPAIR & OVERHAUL (MRO) - REVIEW
Authors: Gebrehiwet Lijalem , Negussie Yared , Damtew Ephrem
Published: December 2024

Maintenance along with its technical and management activities during repair periods has impact on a product or an asset’s economic factors. Maintenance plans have been divided into several categories, including condition based maintenance - CBM, preventative maintenance, and breakdown maintenance. While preventative maintenance frequently inspects a product at predetermined intervals to avoid abnormalities, breakdown maintenance is performed once certain issues, such as product breakdowns, are discovered. All these require higher cost values and passive in avoiding defects ahead. The contents of this paper are concerning CBM in technical systems. It has also been shown that the traditional maintenance techniques, corrective and preventive, are very costly. With CBM one utilizes predictive maintenance, i.e. perform maintenance based upon need. One assesses the condition of the assets and makes judgments whether or not maintenance should be performed. This indicates that the maintenance intervals will be decided dynamically. Vibrations, temperature, oil, acoustic analysis etc. are some of the basic parameters that will reveal the condition. There are also just a few areas in the industry where CBM (or possibly even just condition monitoring) have gained acceptance.
THE ROLE OF WOMEN’S DECISION-MAKING POWER IN HOUSEHOLD MATERNAL HEALTH ASSISTANCE: EXPLORING INTERLINKED FACTORS AND PATHWAYS TO DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Jahan Ifrat
Published: December 2024

This article explores the significant role that women’s decision-making power within households plays in the utilization of maternal health services, focusing on the complex interrelations between socioeconomic, educational, and cultural factors. With the use of maternal health assistance being a critical factor for reducing maternal mortality and improving health outcomes for both mothers and infants, understanding the determinants of women's agency in this context offers insights into sustainable development pathways. This study draws on existing literature and statistical analyses from diverse socio-cultural settings to underscore how enhanced decision-making power for women can catalyze broader development goals.
FROM CHALLENGES TO SUSTAINABILITY: PARTNERSHIP NETWORKING AT SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF STO. TOMAS CITY
Authors: A. Malveda Maria Teresa , M. Pulanco lourdes , S. Agudo Dennis
Published: December 2024

This study provided a comprehensive analysis of partnership networking within the Schools Division Office (SDO) of Sto. Tomas City, focusing on the effectiveness of collaborations, challenges encountered, and implications for organizational operations. Through an in-depth examination of partnership dynamics, this research sheds light on the multifaceted nature of collaboration within the educational context. Based on the findings of the study, several key conclusions emerge. Firstly, the partnership networking in the SDO of Sto. Tomas City reflects a highly effective level, characterized by diverse, extensive, and resourceful collaborations that yield significant benefits. These partnerships serve as a strong foundation for sustaining and enhancing educational initiatives within the division, while also fostering community engagement and achieving amplified outcomes. However, the study also identifies challenges that underscore the complexity of partnership networking in the SDO of Sto. Tomas City. These challenges necessitate strategic planning, resource allocation, and stakeholder engagement to overcome. By addressing these obstacles, the SDO can maximize the potential of partnerships to improve educational outcomes and foster community engagement. Moreover, the study highlights the importance of proactive measures in addressing partnership networking challenges within the SDO of Sto. Tomas City. Through enhanced collaboration and strategic approaches, the SDO can overcome barriers and fully leverage partnerships to achieve its goals in supporting quality education and community engagement.
HEATWAVE ADAPTATION PRACTICES IN SCHOOLS: INSIGHTS FROM STO. TOMAS CITY
Authors: A. Lara Florentino , Alporha-Viray Vanessa , S. Agudo Dennis
Published: December 2024

This study investigated the impact of environmental phenomena, particularly heat waves, on education and the strategies employed by schools to mitigate these challenges. Through qualitative interviews and surveys with school administrators, teachers, and stakeholders, the research explored the technological needs essential for maintaining learning continuity in times of natural and man-made hazards. Findings revealed diverse technical requirements, including enhancing technological infrastructure, providing continuous training for educators, ensuring the quality of learning materials, aligning curriculum and assessment practices, and establishing standard procedures for adaptation. Furthermore, the study highlighted the proactive and adaptable nature of educators in navigating these complexities, employing effective communication strategies and innovative distance learning approaches to mitigate the impact of environmental factors on educational outcomes. The findings underscored the importance of addressing technological challenges to create inclusive and supportive learning environments conducive to the success of all students, even amidst environmental disruptions.
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE GROWTH OF E-COMMERCE IN BANGLADESH
Authors: Shahriar Ashraf
Published: December 2024

This paper highlights the interaction of the aspects that are as long as insights into how stakeholders can address barriers and capitalize on prospects to ensure justifiable growth in the e-commerce segment in Bangladesh. Study explores the key features prompting the growth of e-commerce in the country. Its things to see the rapid development of internet infiltration, the increasing affordability of smartphones, and the expanding youth demographic as prime drivers of evolution. The need for premeditated investments in digital substructure, consumer instruction, and governing contexts to sustain the mounting route of e-commerce in Bangladesh. The findings make available valued insights for policymakers, entrepreneurs, and stakeholders directing to capitalize on the prospects in this dynamic segment. This study makes available a comprehensive synopsis of the existing landscape, potential evolution areas, and strategic commendations for stakeholders to foster a robust e-commerce ecosystem in Bangladesh.
RESEARCH ROADBLOCKS: INVESTIGATING THE CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED BY THE DEPED PERSONNEL IN RESEARCH WRITING
Authors: S. Agudo Dennis , D. Garcia Edward
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the pervasive challenges faced by Department of Education (DepEd) personnel in various aspects of research writing. Through a comprehensive assessment, it was found that educators encounter significant difficulties across all dimensions of research writing, ranging from time management to the formulation of conclusions and recommendations. These challenges, consistently rated as "Very Much Challenging," underscore the urgent need for targeted interventions and supportive resources to enhance educators' proficiency and improve the quality and rigor of research outcomes within the educational context. Furthermore, the study highlights the critical importance of providing targeted support and resources to address these challenges, fostering a culture of research excellence among educators, and ultimately leading to informed decision-making and improved educational practices. Finally, the culmination of the study prompted the creation of a Research Guidebook tailored for DepEd personnel, designed to assist them in navigating the complexities of research writing.
Assessment of sustainable development models for rural watershed areas with a focus on environmental components
Authors: Naseri Reihaneh , Estelaji Faraz , Naseri Alireza , Hasanpour Razie , Zahedi Rahim
Published: December 2024

From the point of view of the systemic approach in sustainable rural development programs, all components should be considered concerning each other, but one of the most important components is the environmental index in development programs. Considering that the lack of attention to the environmental components in the development plans of many projects has failed and many challenges have been created in the environmental components. The current research aims to evaluate the role of environmental components in the sustainable development of rural areas. For this purpose, a questionnaire was compiled and using Cochran’s formula, a sample size of 100 copies of the questionnaire was completed from household heads, and in addition, 20 copies of the questionnaire were completed to survey the relevant officials. SPSS software was used to classify and analyze data and information, and the AHP model was used to examine the relationship between variables and prioritize them. The studied area was located in the north of Tehran-Mashhad asphalt road and about 50 km east of Garmsar city. The results of the study indicate that there is a significant relationship between the environmental components and the sustainable development of the rural areas of the studied area, which requires the special attention of the officials in this sector. It has the most importance in this region. At the end, suggestions for better planning and sustainable development are given.
Getgårdens byggnader : en planeringshandledning för getstall, gårdsmejeri och gårdsbutik
Authors: Ascárd Kristina
Published: December 2024

Det krävs mycket kunskap och många beslut för att kunna göra en bra planering av getgårdens byggnader. Därför är det viktigt att ha bra insikt i planerings- och byggprocess samt gällande lagstiftning som berör byggnader för djur och livsmedelsproduktion. Gårdens förutsättningar och behov behöver kartläggas för att avgöra vilka möjligheter och förutsättningar som finns för utveckling av företaget.

Det redovisas planlösningsexempel för tre besättningsstorlekar 50, 100 och 200 getter för mjölkproduktion. Planlösningarna ser olika ut beroende på antal djur, valt inhysningssystem och produktionssätt. De olika utrymmena i stallet som foderbord, mjölkningsavdelning, mjölkrum, utrymme för rekryteringsdjur och killingar beskrivs med text, detaljritningar och foto. Det framgår även vilken inredning och utrustning som behövs.

Valet av utfodringsstrategi påverkar foderbordsbredd, utfodringsutrustning och lagringsutrymme. Förutom foder ska djuren ha dricksvatten antingen genom vattenkopp, kar och/eller balja.

Djurutrymmet har ofta någon form av ströbädd eller djupströbädd. Ströförvaring bör därför finnas i närheten av stallet. Djupströbädden tas ut en gång per år och växelströbädden 3-4 gånger per år. Ett underlag är framtaget för att kunna beräkna lagringsbehovet för foder, strö och gödsel.

I väderskyddande byggnader är naturlig ventilation vanligt förekommande. Naturlig ventilation beskrivs och det anges vilka luftflöden som krävs för djuren och ströbädd. En dimensioneringsmetod är framtagen för att förenkla beräkningen av naturlig ventilation och kan användas för de flesta getstallar.

Getgården har oftast förutom ett stall även gårdsmejeri. Gårdsmejeriet har olika utrymme som ysteri, ostlager, packrum, förråd för emballage och städutrustning samt omklädnads- och personalutrymme. Det finns framtaget tre olika planlösningar på mejeri med de olika utrymmena som beskrivs med text och foto.

Det ställs höga krav på erfarenhet och detaljkunskap vid projektering av ett väl fungerande system för ventilation, uppvärmning och kyla i ett mejeri därför tas det bara upp problemställningen för att ge inblick i vad man behöver tänka på.

Det kan även vara aktuellt med en gårdsbutik i anslutning till mejeriet. Det beskrivs planeringsfaktorer och det visas på utrymmesbehov samt även här finns det planlösningar. Lösningarna är olika och beror på om det är självbetjäning eller betjäning samt om det finns café i butiken.

Det är viktigt att göra en noggrann planering av allt som är beroende av elkraft, både vad gäller nuvarande och framtida behov. Med tanke på kostnaderna bör energisnåla system väljas.

Arbetsmiljön är viktig vid planeringen för att skapa en bra arbetsmiljö i så väl stallar som i mejeri för att undvika arbetsskador och olycksfall.
Case Note: Greek Supreme Administrative Court Extends CJEU’s Achmea and PL Holdings Jurisprudence to Contract-Based Arbitration
Authors: Babiniotis Dimitris
Published: December 2024

In 2022, the Greek Supreme Administrative Court (SAC) ruled that arbitration clauses contained in concession agreements that are classified as ‘investment contracts’ are contrary to Articles 267 and 344 TFEU and that, consequently, arbitral awards rendered on the basis of such clauses are ipso jure deprived of any preclusive effect. In reaching this conclusion, the Court relied on the CJEU’s judgments in Achmea and PL Holdings. The Court affirmed this ruling again in 2023. This case-law has come under heavy criticism in Greek legal literature. In addition to the sound legal arguments against it, commentators rightly point out to its farreaching implications which are certainly detrimental to the future of private–public arbitration in Greece.
Case Note: A Tale of a Few Cities: When International Legal Orders Collide: The UK Supreme Court decision in Micula
Authors: Goh Nelson , Tonkin Henrietta , Fox-Davies Joseph
Published: December 2024

The CJEU’s decision in Commission v. United Kingdom (C-516/22), ruling that the UK Supreme Court’s (UKSC) judgment in Micula v. Romania violated EU law, has revived the debate on whether multilateral treaty obligations are erga omnes partes (owed to all Contracting Parties) or if, after a breach, rights are owed only to the injured state. The UKSC in Micula held that the obligation to enforce an ICSID award under Article 54 of the ICSID Convention applied universally to all Contracting States. In contrast, the CJEU rejected this interpretation, arguing that only the beneficiary’s home State holds the right of enforcement, while other States have a ‘purely factual interest.’ These rulings reflect a broader unresolved debate in international law, which stems from the ICJ’s Barcelona Traction case. However, neither court engaged with this scholarship in any detail, meaning both decisions are surprisingly unreasoned on such a significant question. This can be considered a missed opportunity for the development of treaty law, particularly where multilateralism has featured heavily in recent decades.
EU-Angola Sustainable Investment Facilitation Agreement: Key Features, Benefits, and Impact
Authors: Potin Nathalie M-P
Published: December 2024

Traditional investment treaties established broad protections for foreign investors, including the right to directly sue host states in case of disputes. However, dissatisfaction with this framework led states to pursue reforms along two main paths. First, States restructured the investment protection framework in newer treaties, offering narrower protections, imposing new obligations on investors, and revising dispute resolution mechanisms. Alternatively, States shifted towards investment facilitation, exemplified by the European Union (EU)-Angola Sustainable Investment Facilitation Agreement (SIFA) which forms part of the EU’s Global Gateway strategy to foster sustainable investment agreements with Africa. SIFA presents an innovative approach to attracting investment, potentially offering substantial rewards for host states in the form of increased sustainable investments while foregoing traditional investment protection for foreign investors. While SIFA fosters a collaborative framework that may attract sustainable investments into host states economies, it remains to be seen whether the facilitation-focused approach will sufficiently incentivize long-term investor engagement. This paper explores SIFA’s key features, examining its benefits to both host states and foreign investors. Additionally, it assesses the potential impact of SIFA on the investment landscape, particularly how its provisions may influence investors behaviour in participating states.
Chronicle 2024 on European Law and Arbitration Developments
Authors: Mccloskey Mark
Published: December 2024

Arbitration developments on the European plane have continued in many dimensions throughout 2024, including via: legislation and policy change; jurisprudence from arbitral tribunals and international and domestic courts; and the ongoing pursuit of net zero. While uncertainty remains in many respects, eye-catching developments can be expected to continue.
Ditch or Fix? The Role of International Investment Agreements in Reconciling ISDS With the Climate Emergency (2nd Essay Competition Prize Winners 2024)
Authors: Mee Rebecca , Bownes Jack
Published: December 2024

This essay explores the complex relationship between investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) mechanisms and climate change regulations. As climate change accelerates, states are increasingly implementing measures to transition to a low-carbon economy, often conflicting with commitments made to foreign investors under international investment agreements (IIAs). This has led to controversial arbitral awards against states, raising questions about the legitimacy and suitability of the ISDS system in addressing climate-related disputes. The authors argue for reforming rather than abandoning ISDS, suggesting that IIAs can be leveraged to promote environmental protection and pro-climate policies. They discuss the potential of new-generation treaties to balance investment protection with states’ right to regulate for climate goals. The essay also examines the European Union’s (EUs) efforts to integrate climate objectives into its investment policies, including its withdrawal from the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT) due to its incompatibility with EU climate goals.
Malicious Insiders’ Threats to the Personal Data Security. The Hard to Comply Rules of the GDPR
Authors: Sowa Tomasz
Published: December 2024

According to the last reports covering cybersecurity issues, the attacks initiated by malicious insiders were the costliest and the longest to resolve, even though they constitute a clear minority of all data breaches. They pose significant problems in complying with the rules on personal data protection, too. The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) does not differentiate the personal data breaches by the source, be it internal or external. Thus, in theory, the obligations of data controllers in the aftermath of personal data breaches caused by malicious insiders and outsiders are the same. However, the breaches caused by malicious insiders are much harder to identify, causing severe problems under the GDPR regarding the distinction between breaches of security and personal data breaches, affecting the notification obligations to data protection authorities and data subjects. This article shows that malicious insider threats are hard to appropriately address under the GDPR, which may expose, on the one hand, controllers and processors to the risk of non-compliance, potentially triggering civil liability and administrative fines, and on the other hand, the data subjects to a high risk to their rights and freedoms they will never be aware of unless such risk materializes and affects them directly. Thus, the author supports the notions for legislation changes that may help to fill the existing gap, provided that they are to be followed by comprehensive amendments regarding the content of notifications of the data subjects and investigation obligations following the information about a possible breach.
No One Reads Privacy Notices. So Why Do We Have Them?
Authors: O’Connell Patrick , Church Peter
Published: December 2024

Under the GDPR, controllers must be transparent and provide individuals with details about the way in which they process those individuals’ personal data. This is typically done using a privacy notice. The transparency obligation is often described as being fundamental to the operation of the wider data protection framework. This article analyses the results of a new study that used freedom of information laws to obtain information from a range of UK public authorities about traffic on their website. The study shows that few individuals in the UK read website privacy notices and, those that do, do not read them properly. In particular, only 1 in 200 website visitors looked the privacy notice for the site and those that did only spent 48 seconds on that page on average. This would only allow them to read a maximum of 5% of that notice. These findings are consistent with many previous studies. The article considers whether privacy notices still provide a valuable function due to the effect of the “informed minority”. It also considers why regulatory action is driving controllers to produce longer and longer privacy notices, and what steps controllers can take to provide meaningful and useful information to individuals.
Case Note: Which Must Be Determined First, the Purposes of Processing or Data Controllership? The Judgment of the CJEU in Norra Stockholm Bygg of 2 March 2023 and the Interpretation of the Concept of Further Processing in Civil Proceedings
Authors: Bonetto Giacomo
Published: December 2024

In March 2023, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) handed down its much criticized judgment in the Norra Stockholm Bygg case, on the applicability of data protection law in the context of civil proceedings when a court is deciding whether to order the production of evidence. The findings of the CJEU, particularly on the applicability of Article 6(3) and (4) of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) on the processing personal data for a purpose other than that for which the data were collected, deserve a closer look, because additional data protection obligations have been imposed on courts acting in their judicial capacity. This case note analyses the answers of the CJEU to the two questions posed by the Swedish Supreme Court, and highlights the consequences of what appears to have been an overlook of the concept of controllership before the CJEU started to consider the interpretation of the provisions on purpose limitation and further processing.
Reasoning, the Role of the Private Sector and Its Impact on Transforming Economies
Authors:   St. Cyril and St. Methodius University of Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria, Naama Karim
Published: December 2024

In the last years of the 20th century, world economies moved towards greater economic freedom and openness within the framework of changing and reducing the role of the state in economic affairs, stimulating the role of the private sector, removing restrictions on foreign trade and supporting local and international competitors. In the context of the search for sources of economic growth and policies that improve it in the long term, private sector development activities have begun to appear on the scene in recent years as a necessary component to achieve the development goals of the new millennium in emerging markets. The importance of private sector development is to support economic growth, create jobs, reduce the number of poor and help people improve their living conditions. Without the dynamic power of private initiative organized by competitive markets, people will remain poor. The development of the private sector does not mean arbitrary privatization, but rather a reorientation of the role of the state to pave the way for and support free enterprise. When the private and public sectors complement each other, the desired economic development will be achieved.
The Fingers and the Palm in Painting
Authors:   Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Popova Vyara
Published: December 2024

Observing the fingers and palm in the paintings of Leonardo da Vinci and Albrecht Dürer, we come to inspiring discoveries that express the innermost human soul.
Postmodern Aesthetics and Mythological Imagery in the Late Works of Yavor Tsanev
Authors:   St. Cyril and St. Methodius University of Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria, Dimitrova Denitsa
Published: December 2024

The article considers the art of Yavor Tsanev as personal, clothed in silence, even aristocratic. He has a very clean, laconic, synthetic language in his painting. He is a minimalist who achieves a very strong and deep spiritual stillness and drama in his art. His works visually leave an impression of hypnotic and metaphysical impact, with accumulated spiritual experience. In them, freedom was achieved in the thematic-mythological interpretation of the soul and spiritualization of the material. The paintings of Yavor Tsanev are conceived as fascinating narratives, filled with fantasy in the combination of symbols, signs, images and their semantic meaning.
The Struggles of Creating and Sharing One’s Story Through Independent Game Development
Authors:   St. Cyril and St. Methodius University of Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria, Ibrahimov Yancho
Published: December 2024

In independent game development, particularly using Unity, various challenges arise throughout the process, from concept to execution. The motivation to create a game often stems from the desire to tell a personal story or express creativity but bringing that vision to life involves technical and artistic hurdles. Technologies like Unity and tools like Blender provide affordable, versatile solutions for modeling, animating, and building game mechanics.
IMPACTOS NA SAÚDE MENTAL DE MULHERES ACOMETIDAS COM FIBROMIALGIA: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA NA LITERATURA
Authors: Sampaio Maria Heloise Rosendo , Cerqueira Anna Beatriz Fortes de , Noronha Jéssica Fernanda Mateus , Guimarães Maria Clara Mapurunga , Meneses Brenda de Moura , Queiroz Hellen de Araújo , Andrade Ana Rachel Oliveira de , Campelo Vanessa Meneses de Brito
Published: December 2024

Objetivo:  Realizar uma revisão integrativa de literatura sobre o impacto da fibromialgia na saúde mental das mulheres acometidas por essa patologia. Métodos: Esse trabalho trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura, uma vez que as autoras objetivaram analisar as fontes de literatura de forma mais ampliada, a fim de responder à seguinte questão: “Qual o impacto que a fibromialgia causa à saúde mental das mulheres acometidas por essa patologia?”. Nesse sentido, desejou-se revisar a literatura rigorosamente, por meio de um modelo sistemático que conduziu esta pesquisa, garantindo rigor científico e credibilidade aos dados pesquisados. Resultados: A partir da utilização dos descritores anteriormente citados, foram encontrados 104 artigos provenientes das bases de dados definidas para a busca. Após o processo de seleção e análise dos trabalhos encontrados, foram selecionados 7 artigos para a revisão. Conclusão: As evidências reunidas ao longo desta análise ressaltam a complexidade da fibromialgia (FM) como uma síndrome multifatorial que afeta não apenas a saúde física, mas também a saúde mental das pacientes, principalmente mulheres. A interconexão entre dor crônica, disfunções neuro-hormonais e fatores psicológicos, como depressão e ansiedade, sugere que a abordagem para o tratamento da FM deve ser abrangente e multidisciplinar.
A Norwegian observational study of feed conversion efficiency in Duroc and Landrace grower pigs seropositive for influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 virus
Authors: Er Jwee Chiek
Published: December 2024

Objective: Investigate the influence of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus (pH1N1v) on feed conversion efficiency (FCE) in Norwegian Landrace and Duroc pigs.
Materials and methods: This observational study analyzed the growth and serological data of 1954 grower pigs collected from 43 nucleus breeding herds in eastern Norway between 2009 and 2012. Serial serological tests, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and hemagglutination inhibition were used to detect pH1N1v antibodies in pigs weighing 100 kg. Statistical analyses included mixed-effects regression modeling, Cox regression, and Kaplan-Meier Failure analysis to assess the effects of breed on pH1N1v influence on growth performance.
Results: Duroc pigs experienced a greater reduction in FCE (5.6%; 95% CI, 5.5%-5.7%) compared to Landrace pigs (3.5%; 95% CI, 1.3%-5.6%) when exposed to pH1N1v. Seropositive pigs of both breeds maintained normal growth rates under ad libitum feeding conditions. To reach 100 kg body weight, seropositive Landrace pigs consumed 2.4 kg (95% CI, 0.9-3.9 kg) more feed, while Duroc pigs consumed 3.8 kg (95% CI, 3.7-4.0 kg) more feed than their seronegative counterparts.
Implications: Results suggest breed-specific differences in resilience to influenza even though the overall appetite of seropositive pigs was unimpaired during the growth phase (approximately 33-100 kg body weight). Study findings highlight the economic implications of selecting appropriate breeds for specific environmental challenges. However, the study’s observational nature limits the ability to infer causality and may not be generalized to other breeds or crossbreeds. By understanding breed-specific responses to influenza, producers can optimize breed selection strategies to enhance overall herd resilience and efficiency, contributing to more sustainable pork production.
The Influences of Task-based Approach on Young Adult Learners’ Listening Comprehension
Authors: Tran Thanh Phuong , Ngo Nhat Phuong Quynh
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to explore the effect of the Task-based method on the learners’ attitudes toward learning listening skills using this approach. In this paper, thirty university students who are at the intermediate level learned the Task-based method in classes at Van Lang University, and after that, they expressed their minds in the questionnaire so as to explore whether this type of teaching could help them improve or not. What is really important here is their attitudes in completing the listening tasks as well as indicating their views by responding to the questionnaire. Additionally, the specific descriptive data provided in this paper after collecting their responses are yielded to reach the planned targets at the end. More specifically, students held positive attitudes towards the Task-based approach in developing listening skills and believed it was useful in enhancing their listening competencies. The task-based approach to listening will help the teacher select a more compatible method for every class in the foreseeable future.
Конкурентоспроможність економіки в умовах розвитку ІТ-індустрії та цифрових трансформацій
Authors: Педченко Н. С. , Кононенко Ж. А. , Зінченко О. М.
Published: December 2024

Аналіз конкурентоспроможності економіки України в умовах розвитку ІТ-індустрії та цифрової трансформації має важливе значення, оскільки ці галузі формують основу сучасної економіки, сприяючи інноваціям, збільшенню експорту послуг і залученню інвестицій. Україна, демонструючи високий рівень підготовки технічних фахівців, значний інноваційний потенціал і активний розвиток стартап-екосистеми, має можливість стати провідним гравцем у сфері цифрових технологій, незважаючи на складну економічну ситуацію. Дослідження спрямоване на аналіз ключових показників, що визначають конкурентоспроможність економіки України в цифрову епоху. У процесі роботи використовувались методи статистичного аналізу, систематизації даних, а також порівняльний аналіз для оцінки позиції України у глобальних рейтингах. У дослідженні виявлено, що рейтинг України за рівнем цифрової якості життя потребує покращення. Оцінено, що програми цифровізації мають позитивний вплив на економіку, створюючи нові можливості для бізнесу та громадян. Результати дослідження показують, що Україна має значний потенціал для посилення своїх позицій на глобальній цифровій арені. Здійснено аналіз ключових факторів, сформульовано рекомендації щодо поліпшення інноваційного середовища та створення умов для розвитку цифрової економіки. Практичне значення дослідження полягає у створенні основ для розробки стратегій і рішень, спрямованих на покращення конкурентоспроможності української економіки через розвиток цифрової інфраструктури, стимулювання інновацій та залучення інвестицій. Одержані дані можуть бути використані органами державної влади для формування ефективної політики у сфері цифровізації, сприяння розвитку ІТ-галузі та підтримки стартап-екосистеми. Результати також будуть корисними для бізнесу, зокрема для ІТ-компаній, які шукають шляхи оптимізації своїх послуг та виходу на міжнародні ринки. Крім того, ці висновки можуть слугувати основою для освітніх програм, орієнтованих на підготовку фахівців у сфері цифрових технологій. Перспективи подальших досліджень зосереджуються на вивченні детальних регіональних аспектів розвитку ІТ-галузі в Україні, аналізі нових бізнес-моделей у цифровій економіці, а також на оцінці впливу сучасних трендів, таких як штучний інтелект, блокчейн і великі дані, на конкурентоспроможність економіки.