bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Lean Six Sigma framework to enhance the competitiveness in selected automotive component manufacturing organisations
Authors: Rathilall Raveen , Singh Shalini
Published: April 2018

Background: Currently, globalisation, economic uncertainty and fluctuating market demands prompt leaders all over the world to improve their operations and to enhance innovations in processes, products and services in a very reactive manner. Literature shows that the adoption of an integrated Lean Six Sigma tool can assist them to compete with the rest of the world in a manner where productivity, quality and operational costs reduction are crucial for economic success. Aim: This article investigates the integration of Lean and Six Sigma tools as a unified approach to continuous improvement and develops a Lean Six Sigma framework for selected automotive component manufacturing organisations in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), South Africa. Method: The quantitative methods of research were adopted. The target population (42) was organisations within the Durban Automotive Cluster of which five were used for the pilot work. An empirical study was conducted using a survey questionnaire in measurable format to gather practical information from the sample organisations on the status of their existing business improvement programmes and quality practices. Results: The results of the study demonstratedthat the organisations had a very low success rate of Lean and Six Sigma adoption as standalone systems, as they found it difficult to maintain the transition from theory to practice. Conclusion: Hence the adoption of an integrated Lean Six Sigma approach was absent and it can be concluded that the proposed Lean Six Sigma framework affords the KZN automotive sector a unique opportunity to integrate and operate with both tools of quality that complement its management style and industry demands.
Renal Granulomatosis Post Intravesical Bacillus Calmette–Guerin Therapy for Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer
Authors: Tran-Harding Karen , Nair Rashmi T , Ganesh Halemane
Published: April 2018

Intravesical Bacillus Calmette–Guerin (BCG) immunotherapy is a proven, effective treatment for intermediate- and high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Minor side effects are common and expected but systemic effects can occur in <5% of treated patients. We present a rare case of a 49-year-old male that presented with fever and chills after 3 weeks of intravesical BCG therapy post transurethral resection of bladder tumor. New renal lesions were present on contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan which was histologically proven to be necrotizing renal granulomatosis.
Avaliação sazonal da qualidade das águas superficiais e subterrâneas na área de influência do Lixão de Salinópolis, PA
Authors: Silva Régia Simony Braz Da , Sousa Adriano Marlisom Leão de , Sodré Silvana Do Socorro Veloso , Vitorino Maria Isabel
Published: April 2018

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a sazonalidade da qualidade da água superficial e subterrânea nas proximidades do lixão de Salinópolis, situado na Vila de Cuiarana, por meio da caracterização da precipitação da região e da sua influência na composição físico-química e microbiológica das águas locais. Para isso, foram observados os dados dos acumulados mensais da precipitação local, medição da velocidade de infiltração no solo e medição da vazão dos rios Cachoeira e Teixeira. Foram selecionados os parâmetros físico-químicos e bacteriológicos: pH, oxigênio dissolvido (OD), temperatura da água, sólidos totais dissolvidos (TDS), turbidez, condutividade elétrica (CE), salinidade, amônia, nitrato, coliformes totais e Escherichia coli; e os metais: alumínio, cádmio, chumbo, cobre, cromo, ferro, manganês, mercúrio, níquel e zinco. Tanto as águas superficiais quanto as subterrâneas se apresentaram inadequadas para uso e consumo humano. Parâmetros como OD, ferro, alumínio, chumbo, mercúrio, coliformes totais e E. coli estão em desconformidade com as legislações vigentes. O período chuvoso influenciou negativamente a qualidade em águas superficiais. Em águas subterrâneas, parâmetros como amônia, nitrato, ferro, mercúrio e chumbo estiveram em maiores concentrações no período menos chuvoso; enquanto, CE, E. coli, coliformes totais e alumínio aumentaram suas concentrações no período chuvoso.
Las leyes de igualdad de género en España
Authors: Albert Márquez José J. , Soto-Arteaga Adela
Published: April 2018

El presente artículo recoge un estudio de las diferentes Leyes de Igualdad aprobadas y en vigor en España, poniendo de manifiesto las debilidades de las mismas. Se ha desarrollado un cuestionario denominado HEMLI que mide la calidad y los aspectos claves que deben tener una Ley de Igualdad para que realmente sea efectiva. Con la herramienta HEMLI se han analizado todas las Leyes de Igualdad obteniéndose interesantes conclusiones. Se ha realizado una prelación según la calidad de las distintas leyes, se han observado importantes deficiencias como puede ser, la falta de un título de infracciones y sanciones, falta de dotación presupuestaria, falta de obligatoriedad de las acciones propuestas, etc.
Inclusión y convivencia para prevenir el racismo, la xenofobia y otras formas de intolerancia: uno de los retos principales de nuestro sistema educativo
Authors: García Medina Raúl
Published: April 2018

Es obvio que los episodios de intolerancia, odio y violencia que sufre el planeta sacuden también a la escuela, incapaz de aportar las soluciones que la sociedad reclama, -algo lógico si pensamos en sus propias dificultades para gestionar esos conflictos cuando se le presentan-. Romper este círculo implica que la sociedad asuma la necesidad de preservar y proteger al sistema educativo; tan solo los espacios de convivencia protegidos, en los que debería convertirse cada comunidad escolar, pueden afrontar el reto de formar ciudadanos capaces de encontrar soluciones a los problemas de convivencia que nos preocupan y acucian. Los espacios de convivencia escolares deben asumir el principio de inclusión educativa, la interculturalidad y la lucha expresa y decidida contra cualquier forma de intolerancia, como su principal objetivo y seña de identidad; deben preservar la equidad del proceso educativo evitando la segregación, etiquetado y estigmatización; deben asumir una perspectiva decididamente humanista, crítica y democrática a la hora de explorar y acceder al conocimiento; en definitiva, deben estar abiertas a la realidad y su análisis, pero protegidas de sus consecuencias indeseables. 
La mujer autora y figura en el cartel rociero
Authors: Pozuelo Cabezón Sergio Cruz
Published: April 2018

Como es conocido por muchas personas, el lunes de pentecostés en torno a una imagen devocional de la virgen, y en concreto a la patrona del Pueblo de Almonte en Huelva surge la romería de “El Rocío”. Mundialmente conocida, se transforma en el escenario durante una semana de la congregación de miles de personas que conviven, disfrutan, interaccionan en un ambiente festivo y lúdico. Esta festividad viene siendo anunciada por carteles artísticos realizados por artistas del panorama nacional. Pero entre tantos artistas, solo la mano de algunas mujeres ha podido desarrollar dicha tarea, es por tanto, el objeto de esta investigación, y es importante acceder a sus opiniones y sentimientos como mujeres artistas que irrumpen en el panorama cartelístico actual y en concreto en el rociero.
Voetnoten bij Plato
Authors: Altorf Hannah Marije
Published: April 2018

Footnotes to Plato. A plea for writing philosophical dialogues

This article aims to encourage writing philosophical dialogues. Its main focus is education. Writing philosophical dialogues introduces students to a genre that was once widely practiced. It can teach philosophical skills, such as the ability to put oneself in the position of another. Yet, writing philosophical dialogues is not as common as it used to be and this creates difficulties when teaching students to write such dialogues. In order to deal with these difficulties I first consider reasons for the contemporary scarcity of philosophical dialogues. I then provide possible ways to help students write philosophical dialogues. I show that writing philosophical dialogues today can benefit from working with other disciplines, especially creative writing and it thus has the additional benefit of encouraging reflection on philosophical practices. My argument is based on my own experience of writing (and failing to write) philosophical dialogues and as well as the experience of teaching philosophical dialogue writing to students.
‘Filosofie – waar is dat goed voor?’
Authors: Bos Jacques
Published: April 2018

‘Philosophy – what is the use of it?’ Dutch philosophers about education in philosophy

This article gives an overview of the ideas of twentieth-century Dutch philosophers on the use and function of education in philosophy, both in a university context and in secondary schools. In the first half of the twentieth century, there was a very strong emphasis on expanding the place of philosophy in other academic programmes, which was related to the neokantian conception of philosophy as the examination of the fundamental assumptions and the interconnectedness of the sciences. After the Second World War, this view had a unique institutional effect, in the form of the establishment of a ‘centrale interfaculteit’ at all Dutch universities, where philosophy was to be practised in relation to other disciplines. This institutional experiment was brought to an end in the 1980s. Since then, there has been a tendency to regard philosophy as an academic discipline in its own right, and less as a place for creating meaningful connections between other disciplines. From the 1970s onwards, the focus of thinking about philosophy education in the Netherlands has shifted from the universities to the secondary schools. Whereas philosophy was practically non-existent as a secondary-school subject in 1970, nowadays it has a remarkably strong presence as an elective in Dutch upper secondary education. Simultaneously, the didactics of philosophy became a flourishing field in the Netherlands, exploring the way in which secondary-school pupils can learn the skill of philosophical thinking.
Observations of ozone-poor air in the tropical tropopause layer
Authors: Newton Richard , Vaughan Geraint , Hintsa Eric , Filus Michal T. , Pan Laura L. , Honomichl Shawn , Atlas Elliot , Andrews Stephen J. , Carpenter Lucy J.
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Ozonesondes reaching the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) over
the west Pacific have occasionally measured layers of very low ozone
concentrations – less than 15 ppbv – raising the question of how prevalent
such layers are and how they are formed. In this paper, we examine aircraft
measurements from the Airborne Tropical
Tropopause Experiment (ATTREX), the Coordinated Airborne Studies in the Tropics (CAST) and the Convective Transport
of Active Species in the Tropics (CONTRAST) experiment campaigns based in Guam in
January–March 2014 for evidence of very low ozone concentrations and their
relation to deep convection. The study builds on results from the ozonesonde
campaign conducted from Manus Island, Papua New Guinea, as part of CAST,
where ozone concentrations as low as 12 ppbv were observed between 100 and
150 hPa downwind of a deep convective complex. TTL measurements from the Global Hawk unmanned aircraft show a marked
contrast between the hemispheres, with mean ozone concentrations in profiles
in the Southern Hemisphere between 100 and 150 hPa of between 10.7 and
15.2 ppbv. By contrast, the mean ozone concentrations in profiles in the
Northern Hemisphere were always above 15.4 ppbv and normally above 20 ppbv
at these altitudes. The CAST and CONTRAST aircraft sampled the atmosphere
between the surface and 120 hPa, finding very low ozone concentrations only
between the surface and 700 hPa; mixing ratios as low as 7 ppbv were
regularly measured in the boundary layer, whereas in the free troposphere
above 200 hPa concentrations were generally well in excess of 15 ppbv.
These results are consistent with uplift of almost-unmixed boundary-layer air
to the TTL in deep convection. An interhemispheric difference was found in
the TTL ozone concentrations, with values < 15 ppbv measured extensively
in the Southern Hemisphere but seldom in the Northern Hemisphere. This is
consistent with a similar contrast in the low-level ozone between the two
hemispheres found by previous measurement campaigns. Further evidence of a
boundary-layer origin for the uplifted air is provided by the
anticorrelation between ozone and halogenated hydrocarbons of marine origin
observed by the three aircraft.
First simultaneous measurements of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) and ozone at Nam Co in the central Tibetan Plateau: impacts from the PBL evolution and transport processes
Authors: Xu Xiaobin , Zhang Hualong , Lin Weili , Wang Ying , Xu Wanyun , Jia Shihui
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Both peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) and ozone (O3) are key photochemical products in the atmosphere. Most of the previous in situ observations of both gases have been made in polluted regions and at low-altitude sites. Here we present the first simultaneous measurements of PAN and O3 at Nam Co (NMC; 30°46′ N, 90°57′ E, 4745 m a.s.l.), a remote site in the central Tibetan Plateau (TP). The observations were made during summer periods in 2011 and 2012. The PAN levels averaged 0.36 ppb (range: 0.11–0.76 ppb) and 0.44 ppb (range: 0.21–0.99 ppb) during 17–24 August 2011 and 15 May to 13 July 2012, respectively. The O3 level varied from 27.9 to 96.4 ppb, with an average of 60.0 ppb. Profound diurnal cycles of PAN and O3 were observed with minimum values around 05:00 LT, steep rises in the early morning, and broader platforms of high values during 09:00–20:00 LT. The evolution of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) played a key role in shaping the diurnal patterns of both gases, particularly the rapid increases of PAN and O3 in the early morning. Air entrainment from the free troposphere into the PBL seemed to cause the early-morning increase and be a key factor for sustaining the daytime high concentrations of both gases. The days with higher daytime PBL (about 3 km) showed stronger diurnal variations in both gases and were mainly distributed in the drier pre-monsoon period, while those with shallower daytime PBL (about 2 km) showed minor diurnal variations and were mainly distributed in the humid monsoon period. Episodes of higher PAN levels were occasionally observed at NMC. These PAN episodes were caused either by rapid downward transport of air masses from the middle/upper troposphere or by long-range transport of PAN plumes from north India, north Pakistan, and Nepal. The maximum PAN level in the downward transport cases ranged from 0.5 to 0.7 ppb. In the long-range transport case, the PAN level varied in the range of 0.3–1.0 ppb, with an average of 0.6 ppb. This long-range transport process influenced most of the western and central TP region for about a week in early June 2012. Our results suggest that polluted air masses from South Asia can significantly enhance the PAN level over the TP. As PAN acts as a reservoir of NOx, the impacts of pollution transport from South Asia on tropospheric photochemistry over the TP region deserve further studies.
Implicit–explicit (IMEX) Runge–Kutta methods for non-hydrostatic atmospheric models
Authors: Gardner David J. , Guerra Jorge E. , Hamon François P. , Reynolds Daniel R. , Ullrich Paul A. , Woodward Carol S.
Published: April 2018

Abstract. The efficient simulation of non-hydrostatic atmospheric dynamics requires time integration methods capable of overcoming the explicit stability constraints on time step size arising from acoustic waves. In this work, we investigate various implicit–explicit (IMEX) additive Runge–Kutta (ARK) methods for evolving acoustic waves implicitly to enable larger time step sizes in a global non-hydrostatic atmospheric model. The IMEX formulations considered include horizontally explicit – vertically implicit (HEVI) approaches as well as splittings that treat some horizontal dynamics implicitly. In each case, the impact of solving nonlinear systems in each implicit ARK stage in a linearly implicit fashion is also explored.The accuracy and efficiency of the IMEX splittings, ARK methods, and solver options are evaluated on a gravity wave and baroclinic wave test case. HEVI splittings that treat some vertical dynamics explicitly do not show a benefit in solution quality or run time over the most implicit HEVI formulation. While splittings that implicitly evolve some horizontal dynamics increase the maximum stable step size of a method, the gains are insufficient to overcome the additional cost of solving a globally coupled system. Solving implicit stage systems in a linearly implicit manner limits the solver cost but this is offset by a reduction in step size to achieve the desired accuracy for some methods. Overall, the third-order ARS343 and ARK324 methods performed the best, followed by the second-order ARS232 and ARK232 methods.
Crustal thickness of Antarctica estimated using data from gravimetric satellites
Authors: Llubes Muriel , Seoane Lucia , Bruinsma Sean , Rémy Frédérique
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Computing a better crustal thickness model is still a necessary improvement in Antarctica. In this remote continent where almost all the bedrock is covered by the ice sheet, seismic investigations do not reach a sufficient spatial resolution for geological and geophysical purposes. Here, we present a global map of Antarctic crustal thickness computed from space gravity observations. The DIR5 gravity field model, built from GOCE and GRACE gravimetric data, is inverted with the Parker–Oldenburg iterative algorithm. The BEDMAP products are used to estimate the gravity effect of the ice and the rocky surface. Our result is compared to crustal thickness calculated from seismological studies and the CRUST1.0 and AN1 models. Although the CRUST1.0 model shows a very good agreement with ours, its spatial resolution is larger than the one we obtain with gravimetric data. Finally, we compute a model in which the crust–mantle density contrast is adjusted to fit the Moho depth from the CRUST1.0 model. In East Antarctica, the resulting density contrast clearly shows higher values than in West Antarctica.
Grounding line migration through the calving season at Jakobshavn Isbræ, Greenland, observed with terrestrial radar interferometry
Authors: Xie Surui , Dixon Timothy H. , Voytenko Denis , Deng Fanghui , Holland David M.
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Ice velocity variations near the terminus of Jakobshavn Isbræ, Greenland, were observed with a terrestrial radar interferometer (TRI) during three summer campaigns in 2012, 2015, and 2016. We estimate a  ∼  1 km wide floating zone near the calving front in early summer of 2015 and 2016, where ice moves in phase with ocean tides. Digital elevation models (DEMs) generated by the TRI show that the glacier front here was much thinner (within 1 km of the glacier front, average ice surface is  ∼  100 and  ∼  110 m above local sea level in 2015 and 2016, respectively) than ice upstream (average ice surface is  >  150 m above local sea level at 2–3 km to the glacier front in 2015 and 2016). However, in late summer 2012, there is no evidence of a floating ice tongue in the TRI observations. Average ice surface elevation near the glacier front was also higher,  ∼  125 m above local sea level within 1 km of the glacier front. We hypothesize that during Jakobshavn Isbræ's recent calving seasons the ice front advances  ∼  3 km from winter to spring, forming a  >  1 km long floating ice tongue. During the subsequent calving season in mid- and late summer, the glacier retreats by losing its floating portion through a sequence of calving events. By late summer, the entire glacier is likely grounded. In addition to ice velocity variation driven by tides, we also observed a velocity variation in the mélange and floating ice front that is non-parallel to long-term ice flow motion. This cross-flow-line signal is in phase with the first time derivative of tidal height and is likely associated with tidal currents or bed topography.
Accumulation patterns around Dome C, East Antarctica, in the last 73 kyr
Authors: Cavitte Marie G. P. , Parrenin Frédéric , Ritz Catherine , Young Duncan A. , Van Liefferinge Brice , Blankenship Donald D. , Frezzotti Massimo , Roberts Jason L.
Published: April 2018

Abstract. We reconstruct the pattern of surface accumulation in the region around Dome C, East Antarctica, since the last glacial. We use a set of 18 isochrones spanning all observable depths of the ice column, interpreted from various ice-penetrating radar surveys and a 1-D ice flow model to invert for accumulation rates in the region. The shallowest four isochrones are then used to calculate paleoaccumulation rates between isochrone pairs using a 1-D assumption where horizontal advection is negligible in the time interval of each layer. We observe that the large-scale (100s km) surface accumulation gradient is spatially stable through the last 73 kyr, which reflects current modeled and observed precipitation gradients in the region. We also observe small-scale (10 s km) accumulation variations linked to snow redistribution at the surface, due to changes in its slope and curvature in the prevailing wind direction that remain spatially stationary since the last glacial.
Centres for Teaching and Learning Across Canada: What’s Going On?
Authors: Forgie Sarah E , Yonge Olive , Luth Robert
Published: April 2018

Post-secondary institutions, especially those with a research focus, face a challenge in ensuring consistent and high-quality teaching, in part because many members of the teaching faculty have backgrounds in research instead of teaching. A common part of meeting this challenge is the presence of Centres for Teaching and Learning (CTLs) on university campuses. This study examines the situations of CTL directors at research and teaching-intensive post-secondary institutions across Canada, with an aim to develop an understanding of the current context in which Canadian CTLs are operating, as well as the experiences of those who lead the CTLs. The qualitative study consisted primarily of 60- to 90-minute individual semi-structured interviews. The findings of these interviews were coded into four main categories: the evolving purpose of CTLs, key drivers of change, common challenges, and future trends. The implications for this research are two shifts: one mirroring a shift in education development to embracing Boyer’s work and secondly moving from a service to a leadership orientation. A thriving CTL is an indication of a university culture that values teaching, learning and scholarship.
Les établissements d’enseignement post-secondaire, en particulier ceux dans lesquels l’accent est mis sur la recherche, doivent faire face au défi d’assurer un enseignement cohérent et de haute qualité, en partie du fait qu’un grand nombre de professeurs ont des antécédents en recherche plutôt qu’en enseignement. Pour relever ce défi, un des éléments communs est la présence de centres d’enseignement et d’apprentissage (CEA) sur les campus universitaires. Cette étude examine la situation des directeurs de ces centres dans des établissements d’enseignement post-secondaire canadiens où la recherche et l’enseignement sont intenses, dans le but de comprendre le contexte actuel dans lequel les CEA canadiens fonctionnent, ainsi que les expériences de ceux qui dirigent ces CEA. L’étude qualitative a consisté principalement d’entrevues individuelles semi-structurées de 60 à 90 minutes. Les résultats de ces entrevues ont été codés selon quatre catégories principales : l’évolution de l’objectif des CEA, les principaux moteurs de changement, les défis communs et les tendances futures. Les implications de cette recherche sont de deux sortes : la première reflète les variations dans le développement de l’éducation afin d’adopter le travail de Boyer, et la seconde indique le passage d’une orientation de service à une orientation de leadership. Un CEA florissant est le signe d’une culture universitaire qui accorde de l’importance à l’enseignement, à l’apprentissage et à l’avancement des connaissances.
Western Faculty Profile: Dr. Ali Khan
Authors: Cao Daniel J
Published: April 2018

Dr. Ali Khan is an assistant professor and scientist at the Robarts Research Institute at Western University. He completed his B. ASc. and Ph.D. in engineering science at Simon Fraser University, and afterwards received training as a postdoctoral fellow at Robarts. Dr. Khan and his lab group focus on the development of computational methods to enhance medical imaging processes, particularly those related to determining the role of the hippocampus in epilepsy. Daniel Cao, a member of the WURJ editorial review board, interviewed Dr. Khan about his career and aspirations.
¿Hacia un humanismo trans-antropocéntrico? Peter Singer y los ''derechos'' de los animales
Authors: Beorlegui Carlos
Published: April 2018

No absttract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 80, 2001: 199-236
El ALCA: libre comercio con plan de nación
Authors: Ibisate Francisco Javier
Published: April 2018

No absttract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 81, 2001: 251-272
Epistemología y racionalismo crítico (Los griegos y Karl Popper)
Authors: González Luis Armando
Published: April 2018

No absttract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 81, 2001: 273-300
Amin, S., Los desafíos de la mundialización
Authors: González Luis Armando
Published: April 2018

No absttract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 81, 2001: 379-380
Castells, Manuel. La era de la información. Volumen I. La sociedad red
Authors: Martel Roxana , Marroquín Amparo
Published: April 2018

No absttract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 81, 2001: 384-385
Diezhandino, María Pilar; Bezunartea, Ofa; Coca, Cesar. La élite de los periodistas
Authors: Martel Roxana , Marroquín Amparo
Published: April 2018

No absttract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 81, 2001: 383-384
Reinventar el Estado y gobernar la globalización
Authors: Ibisate Francisco Javier
Published: April 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 82, 2001: 393-420
Identidad indígena y conflicto social en Cacaopera
Authors: Lara Martínez Carlos Benjamín
Published: April 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 82, 2001: 501-518
ESTOQUE DE CARBONO EM ÁREAS DE RESTAURAÇÃO FLORESTAL DA MATA ATLÂNTICA
Authors: Azevedo Aline Damasceno , Camara Rodrigo , Francelino Marcio Rocha , Pereira Marcos Gervasio , Leles Paulo Sérgio Santos
Published: April 2018

Ecossistemas florestais são importantes no processo de estocagem de carbono da atmosfera. Áreas de reflorestamentos podem contribuir de maneira substancial nesse processo e diminuir a pressão extrativista sobre florestas nativas. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a biomassa acima do solo viva (por meio do método não-destrutivo – equações alométricas) e morta (serapilheira) e o estoque de carbono nesses compartimentos em áreas de reflorestamento com diferentes idades (3, 5 e 7 anos) e em área de Floresta Ombrófila Densa (testemunha), localizadas no município de Cachoeiras de Macacu (RJ). Foram alocadas 30 parcelas (10 x 10 m cada) na área testemunha e 20 parcelas (20 x 30 m cada) nas áreas de reflorestamento. Os indivíduos arbóreos foram identificados, e a altura total, circunferência e diâmetro à altura do peito foram medidos. A serapilheira foi coletada com gabarito quadrado (1 x 1 m) em cinco repetições em cada área. Os valores de biomassa acima do solo e carbono estocado aumentaram à medida que a idade dos plantios de restauração florestal avançou. Os modelos alométricos utilizados foram adequados no estudo. Contudo, é necessário testar a confiabilidade dos dados com a utilização do método destrutivo nas áreas reflorestadas.
DIAGNÓSTICO QUALI-QUANTITATIVO DA ARBORIZAÇÃO VIÁRIA DE BONITO, MATO GROSSO DO SUL
Authors: Zamproni Kendra , Biondi Daniela , Ribeiro Botelho de Carvalho Maria Tamara , Almeida Louveira Fernando
Published: April 2018

O diagnóstico da arborização viária é fundamental para o planejamento e manutenção desse patrimônio de modo a maximizar os benefícios proporcionados pelas árvores nas cidades. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi realizar o diagnóstico quali-quantitativo da arborização viária do município de Bonito (MS). Para tanto, foram contabilizados todos os indivíduos da área pavimentada do município. Para avaliação qualitativa, realizou-se um inventário por amostragem aleatória com parcelas lineares de 400 m de comprimento. Foram avaliados: espécie; altura total; altura de bifurcação; CAP; diâmetro de copa; condição fitossanitária; necessidade de tratamento; e condição de raiz. Foram encontrados 6.524 indivíduos na área pavimentada de Bonito (MS). Verificou-se o predomínio da espécie Licania tomentosa (Benth.) Fritsch. (oiti), que compunha 63,27% da arborização viária. A distribuição em classes de área de copa demonstrou alta proporção de indivíduos com área de copa pequena, provenientes de arborização jovem e podas inadequadas. Cerca de 80% dos indivíduos tinham altura da primeira bifurcação inferior a 1,8 m. Mais de 50% das árvores foram classificadas como regulares, com condição física e vigor medianos. A adoção de medidas de manejo e manutenção adequadas para a aborização viária proporcionarão um ambiente de melhor qualidade e valorizarão ainda mais o município.
Dwight Davis and the Foundation of the Davis Cup in Tennis: Just Another Doubleday Myth?
Authors: Eaves Simon J. , Lake Robert J.
Published: April 2018

Dwight F. Davis is widely credited with having invented, or at least conceived, the original idea for the international tennis competition that bears his name, the Davis Cup. This paper aims to debunk this myth through comprehensive critical analysis of the period preceding Davis’s apparent epiphany in 1899. Previous national-team-based competitions are investigated, alongside key figures in American and British/Irish tennis, to demonstrate that numerous others had proposed the idea for an international team-based competition long before Davis and that Davis may have appropriated his idea from others with whom he came into contact. Davis’s wealthy background, political ambitions, and model-American image arguably helped smooth the process of his idea being officially accepted by the United States National Lawn Tennis Association, which likely saw in Davis a perfect “front-man” for American tennis at a time when the nation used sporting prowess to promote its identity, particularly in relation to the British, in international sporting competition.
A short introduction to digital simulations in electrochemistry: simulating the Cottrell experiment in NI LabVIEW
Authors: Vesztergom Soma
Published: April 2018

A brief introduction to the use of digital simulations in electrochemistry is given by a detailed description of the simulation of Cottrell’s experiment in the LabVIEW programming language. A step-by-step approach is followed and different simulation techniques (explicit and implicit Euler, Runge–Kutta and Crank–Nicolson methods) are applied. The applied techniques are introduced and discussed on the basis of Padé approximants. The paper might be found useful by undergraduate and graduate students familiarizing themselves with the digital simulation of electrochemical problems, as well as by university lecturers involved with the teaching of theoretical electrochemistry.
Stress Information – Do We Perceive Health Risks?
Authors: Jachym Wioletta
Published: April 2018

The main aim of this article is to characterise information
stress as a form of stress connected with the
development of the information society. An intermediate
goal is to point to the mechanism of its formation
and possible health consequences.
The article was prepared with the use of critical
analysis of literature, whereby the definitions
of biological, psychological and information stress
were demonstrated. Stressors associated with the
incidence of information stress were shown. The
review of publications indicates interest in the phenomenon
of information stress from the fields of
psychology and information science.The theoretical
reflections on information stress are the basis
for empirical research in this field.
The Role of a Personal Assistant (Personlig
Assistent) in the life of People with Disabilities
in Sweden
Authors: Rams Agnieszka
Published: April 2018

In Sweden, people with disabilities can apply for
personal assistance in the form of personlig assistent.
The task of such personal assistant is to support
the disabled person in the place of residence, in
daily activities such as dressing, personal hygiene,
and contact with other people. Assistants also serve
as companions during walking, shopping and
outings to the movies, trip on holiday or even at
work. They enable the contact with the public, and
above all, they give a sense of independence and integration.
A personal assistant is a key to independent
living of people with disabilities.
The influence of nutrition level on
occurence of lenee defects among
children in kindergarten and early
school age
Authors: Wojtanowski Wiesław
Published: April 2018

Introduction: The aim of the research was to assess the frequency of occurance of
knee faults as well as the influence of nutrition level expressed in BMI, on setting of
knees among children in kindergarten and early school age.
Material nad methods: The research included boys aged 4-7 form Kindergarten No.
33 in Tarnow and Primary School No. 18 in Tarnow. The measurement concerned
basic somatic features like body height and mass as well as shape of lower limbs. The
received results served to carry out an assessment of nutrition level expressed in BMI
and knee faults among the examined boys.
Results: Nutrition level in the group of the examined does not differ from the standard.
Among the examined, 26 cases of abnormalities were stated, including: 11 cases
of intense valgus, 5 cases of varus and 27 cases of physiological valgus. In particular
age groups 10 cases of overweight and 8 cases of obesity were stated.
Conclusions: Relevant correlation occurs between the BMI value and the setting of
knees.
The goals and objectives
of current physical education.
The opinions of teachers from
the south-west region of Poland
Authors: Kuśnierz Cezary
Published: April 2018

The aim of this study was to get to know
physical education teachers’ opinion
about the objectives of an education
school subject. Their opinions were analysed
on the basis of goals hierarchy given
by the respondents. Research included
444 PE teachers in primary schools
(the second stage of education), middle
schools and secondary schools. Research
covered the south-west regions of Poland
including the following provinces: Silesia,
Opole province and Lower Silesia.
Diagnostic survey using questionnaires
was applied. In the survey as a research
tool the questionnaire created by the European
Physical Society was used. On
the basis of the outcomes it was claimed
that the highest place in goals hierarchy
takes the goal concerning the preparation
of school students to an active and
healthy lifestyle. In a group of questioned
teachers no gender difference in goals hierarchy was noted. Among variables
taken into account in the analysis
of teachers’ opinions the place of work
(primary school, middle school and secondary
school) greatly determined variation
between different goals hierarchy.
A statistically significant difference appeared
between six objectives of physical
education.
The prevalence and risk factors of lower
back pain in emergency room nurses
Authors: Mikołajczyk Edyta , Kaleta Zofia , Janusz Mariusz
Published: April 2018

Aim of the study: To assess prevalence
and risk factors of low back pain (LBP)
in emergency room nurses in Krakow.
Materials and methods: The study comprised
30 randomly selected full time
emergency nurses aged 25-58. Their BMI
was calculated and measurements of linear
segmental lumbar spine flexion-extension
motion were performed. The visual
analogue scale (VAS) was used to assess
the subjective LBP degree. The self-estimated
physical disability caused by
LBP was assessed by means of the Roland-
Morris Low Back Pain and Disability
Questionnaire (RMDQ), whereas
physical activity by means of the International
Physical Activity Questionnaire
(IPAQ). The Spearman correlation coefficient
was used to determine a linear association
between variables involved in
the research.
Results: Statistically significant correlations
between BMI, LBP and the level
of disability as well as between the pain
intensity and the time spent in a sitting
position were revealed by RMDQ. Significant
correlations between the self-estimated
LBP and spinal flexion in the
sagittal plane, lateral flexion to the right
in the frontal plane and twist to the right
in the transverse plane were found.
Conclusions: Moderate LBP in emergency
ward nurses, which is commonly observed, slightly decreased their quality of
life. A high level of physical activity and
limited range of flexion were discovered
in the sagittal plane. Due to the existing
correlations between BMI and LBP, between
the degree of disability and the intensity
of pain and the range of motion, it
seems appropriate to include this occupational
group in the back pain prevention
programme.
A implementação de Programas de Residência Médica em Medicina de Família e Comunidade em uma capital da Região Sudeste, Brasil: relato de experiência
Authors: Sarti Thiago Dias , Dalla Marcello Dala Bernardina , Machado Tânia Mara , Fonseca Mary Cristina França de Oliveira , Bof Sandra Mara Soeiro , Castro Filho José de Almeida , Correa Mônica Cola Carriello , Torres Sérgio Renato Miranda , Cruz Sheila Cristina de Souza
Published: April 2018

Objetivo: Discutir o processo de implantação de três Programas de Residência Médica em Medicina de Família e Comunidade (PRM-MFC) em uma capital da Região Sudeste do Brasil na perspectiva da interface dos programas com a organização do sistema de saúde local. Método: Trata-se de um relato de experiência oriundo das vivências dos supervisores dos programas e da equipe técnica do município responsável pela gestão da integração ensino-serviço. Foi produzida uma narrativa significativa aos atores do processo em momento presencial coletivo. Uma matriz SWOT foi elaborada para elencar os fatores que influenciam a implementação dos PRM-MFC na rede de serviços. Resultados: Há três PRM-MFC em atividade no município, todos em estágio inicial de implementação, totalizando nove vagas de R1. Os residentes são beneficiados por uma rede de serviços bem estruturada, diversificada e informatizada, incluindo preceptores sensibilizados e um forte apoio multiprofissional. Contudo, há questões que dificultam esse processo, como a incipiente política de valorização da preceptoria, as insuficiências do modelo de atenção primária existente para a formação médica, as dificuldades na gestão compartilhada do processo e a pouca legitimidade da RM perante a comunidade e os trabalhadores do serviço. Conclusão: Há íntima relação entre o desenvolvimento da rede local de saúde, em particular da APS, com a qualidade do PRM. Assim, é fundamental ter em vista não apenas as questões pedagógicas, mas também todo um conjunto de dispositivos de gestão compartilhada e qualificação da rede de serviços.
Strength Training as an Adjunct to the Maintenance of Muscle Mass in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Adilson Domingos dos Reis Filho  , Fernando Tadeu Trevisan Frajacomo  , Roberto Carlos Vieira Junior  , Haracelli Christina Barbosa Alves Leite da Costa  , James Wilfred Navalta  , Ramires Alsamir Tibana  , Jonato Prestes  , Fabrício Azevedo Voltarelli
Published: April 2018

Head and neck cancer (HNC) is one of the most common types of the disease, particularly among men, and is characterized by a high incidence of death. Among the non-pharmacological factors that help in survival and improving quality of life is physical exercise, especially strength training. The purpose of this short communication was to briefly review the literature and present a training proposal for oncology patients with HNC. Evidence is provided that physical exercise, mainly short-term strength (HIIT [High-Intensity Interval Training]) and aerobic training, contributes to increased expectation and quality of life in cancer survivors. After reviewing the current state of literature, we conclude that strength training, by providing maintenance of muscle mass, improves the autonomy and quality of life of oncology patients with HNC.
Some Conceptual Basis for Crime Prevention in Brazil and USA: Generic Public Policies and Control Crime Programs
Authors: Beato Claudio , Silveira Andréa
Published: April 2018

This paper is a comparison in crime prevention between Brazil and United States, specially regarding the role of local programs vis a vis generic social policies. In Brazil, there is a tendency to design more generic strategies of crime control. In USA, there is a style of using a more specific approaches. These differences have implication on the evaluations on crime prevention made in each country
The influence of bioorganic nanofertilizer on spring barley and oilseed rape productivity and economical effectiveness
Authors: Spruogis Vidmantas , Jakienė Elena , Dautartė Anželika , Zemeckis Romualdas
Published: April 2018

Fertilizing field experiment was carried out at the Experimental Station of Aleksandras Stulginskis University in 2014–2015. Spring rape and spring barley with under-crop, perennial grass in the 1st year of use, and winter wheat were grown in four-field crop rotation. The experiment aim was to evaluate the influence of fertilizer on spring barley and on oilseed rape applying bioorganic nanofertilizers (BNF) and N60P60K70. The spring barley breed ‘Luokė’ and the oilseed rape ‘Sponsor’ were grown for the experiment. The research showed that N60P60K70 and BNF had a positive effect on the yield of spring barley ‘Luokė’ and of oilseed rape ‘Sponsor’. The spring barley grain yield increased from 6.8 to 16.3% and the oilseed rape seed yield increased from 8.1 to 23.3% compared to the control. The best yields were obtained fertilizing with N60P60K70 and BNF rate 1.0 l ha–1 and spraying twice. Fertilization with N60P60K70 and BNF 1.0 l ha–1 sprayed twice increased the crude protein content in grains by 0.51%. Fertilization with N60P60K70 and BNF solutions significantly increased the yield of spring barley grain and straw and improved the grain quality, positively influenced 1 000 grain weight, sprouting energy and germination. Application of N60P60K70 and BNF for barley is economically beneficial because it gave the highest profit compared to other options, 158.10 € ha–1. The premium yield of spring rape, sprayed with BNF 1.0 l ha–1 solution twice, was higher by 89.92 € ha–1 than that of the oilseed rape sprayed once. Application of N60P60K70 and BNF on oilseed rape is economically beneficial because it gave the highest profit compared with other options, 172.90 € ha–1.
The transfer effect of southern populations of scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) on climatic conditions of Lithuania
Authors: Bužinskas Linas , Danusevičius Darius
Published: April 2018

The objective of our study was to assess the quantitative and qualitative traits of southern Scots pine populations and compare these traits with the local populations tested in two field tests in Kazlų Rūda (central Lithuania) and in Venta (north-eastern Lithuania). In total, we measured ca. 3 000 trees in these two tests: (a) direct population transfer (Kazlų Rūda, tree age 45) and (b) test of interpopulation hybrids (Kazlų Rūda, age 25). The results showed that the direct introduction of southern populations of Scots pine into Lithuania would give a negative effect (low survival, inferior stem quality). Apparently, the effect of relatively warmer winters is not strong enough to give an adaptive advantage for the southern over local populations. The cold spells in winter could still be a limiting factor and serious threat to sound development of the southern origins of Scots pine transferred to Lithuania. Transfer of populations from near north (Pskov, Novgorod regions) would give a positive effect on stem straightness, but would slightly reduce wood yield. Therefore, in the absence of a serious threat for adaptedness or no demand for supreme quality timber, we would not recommend the direct introduction of these northerly populations as well. However, the hybridisation field test revealed a superior survival, stem quality and wood yield of hybrids obtained by mating southern mother-trees with the local male parents. Therefore, at present, the introduction of southern genes via admixing southern genotypes in local breeding populations is a better approach than the direct introduction.
Transcriptomic studies reveal a key metabolic pathway contributing to a well-maintained photosynthetic system under drought stress in foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.)
Authors: Shi Weiping , Cheng Jingye , Wen Xiaojie , Wang Jixiang , Shi Guanyan , Yao Jiayan , Hou Liyuan , Sun Qian , Xiang Peng , Yuan Xiangyang , Dong Shuqi , Guo Pingyi , Guo Jie
Published: April 2018

Drought stress is one of the most important abiotic factors limiting crop productivity. A better understanding of the effects of drought on millet (Setaria italica L.) production, a model crop for studying drought tolerance, and the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for drought stress responses is vital to improvement of agricultural production. In this study, we exposed the drought resistant F1 hybrid, M79, and its parental lines E1 and H1 to drought stress. Subsequent physiological analysis demonstrated that M79 showed higher photosynthetic energy conversion efficiency and drought tolerance than its parents. A transcriptomic study using leaves collected six days after drought treatment, when the soil water content was about ~20%, identified 3066, 1895, and 2148 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in M79, E1 and H1 compared to the respective untreated controls, respectively. Further analysis revealed 17 Gene Ontology (GO) enrichments and 14 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways in M79, including photosystem II (PSII) oxygen-evolving complex, peroxidase (POD) activity, plant hormone signal transduction, and chlorophyll biosynthesis. Co-regulation analysis suggested that these DEGs in M79 contributed to the formation of a regulatory network involving multiple biological processes and pathways including photosynthesis, signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, redox regulation, hormonal signaling, and osmotic regulation. RNA-seq analysis also showed that some photosynthesis-related DEGs were highly expressed in M79 compared to its parental lines under drought stress. These results indicate that various molecular pathways, including photosynthesis, respond to drought stress in M79, and provide abundant molecular information for further analysis of the underlying mechanism responding to this stress.
Can random mutation explain phenotypic variability?
Authors: Zapata Trejo Víctor Alejandro
Published: April 2018

The epigenome regulates the gene expression of all differentiated cells and indicates which specific genes must be transcribed. It is argued that the expression factors that act on specific genes of the somatic cell involved in a behavior also act on the transcription of the same genes in the most undifferentiated cells of the germ line. It is proposed how a probabilistic view of the random mutation can explain the evolution of the phenotypes and integrate all the evidence pointing to a joint evolution with the environment.