bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variability of vertical ground reaction forces collected with one and two force plates in healthy dogs
Authors: Stejskal M. , Torres B. T. , Sandberg G. S. , Sapora J. A. , Dover R. K. , Budsberg S. C.
Published: July 2015

Objective: To compare peak vertical force (PVF) and vertical impulse (VI) data collected with one and two force plates during the same collection time period in healthy dogs at a trot.

Animals: Seventeen healthy client-owned adult dogs.

Methods: Vertical ground reaction force (GRF) data were collected in a crossover study design, with four sessions on two consecutive days, and then two weeks apart (days 1, 2, 15, and 16) using both one and two force plates collection methods. A repeated measures model analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test for differences in force plate PVF, VI, and average time per trial (ATT) between days, weeks, and systems (1 plate versus 2 plates). Coefficients of variation for PVF and VI were also calculated separately by forelimbs and hindlimbs, plates, day, and week.

Results: The time required to obtain a valid trial was significantly longer using a single force plate when compared with two force plates. Comparing GRF data for all dogs, significant differences in PVF data were found between one and two force plates, however, these differences were diminutive in absolute magnitude, and of unknown clinical importance. Examination of the coefficients of variation for PVF and VI during the different collection periods yielded similar results.

Conclusions: Use of two force plates decreased trial repetition and collection time. Vertical GRF data had a similar coefficient of variation with either one or two force plates collection techniques in healthy dogs.
Structural and magnetic properties of iron nanowires and iron nanoparticles fabricated through a reduction reaction
Authors: Krajewski Marcin , Lin Wei Syuan , Lin Hong Ming , Brzozka Katarzyna , Lewinska Sabina , Nedelko Natalia , Slawska-Waniewska Anna , Borysiuk Jolanta , Wasik Dariusz
Published: July 2015

The main goal of this work is to study the structural and magnetic properties of iron nanowires and iron nanoparticles, which have been fabricated in almost the same processes. The only difference in the synthesis is an application of an external magnetic field in order to form the iron nanowires. Both nanomaterials have been examined by means of transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, X-ray diffractometry and Mössbauer spectrometry to determine their structures. Structural investigations confirm that obtained iron nanowires as well as nanoparticles reveal core–shell structures and they are composed of crystalline iron cores that are covered by amorphous or highly defected phases of iron and iron oxides. Magnetic properties have been measured using a vibrating sample magnetometer. The obtained values of coercivity, remanent magnetization, saturation magnetization as well as Curie temperature differ for both studied nanostructures. Higher values of magnetizations are observed for iron nanowires. At the same time, coercivity and Curie temperature are higher for iron nanoparticles.
Impact of Electric Stimulation on Residual Hearing
Authors: Dillon Margaret T. , Bucker Andrea L. , Adunka Marcia C. , King English R. , Adunka Oliver F. , Buchman Craig A. , Pillsbury Harold C.
Published: July 2015

Background:Candidacy criteria for cochlear implantation are expanding to include patients with substantial low-to-mid frequency hearing sensitivity. Postoperative hearing preservation has been achieved in cochlear implant recipients, though with variable outcomes. Previous investigations
on postoperative hearing preservation outcomes have evaluated intraoperative procedures. There has been limited review as to whether electric stimulation influences hearing preservation.Purpose:The purpose of this analysis was to evaluate whether charge levels associated with electric
stimulation influence postoperative hearing preservation within the first year of listening experience.Research Design:Retrospective analysis of unaided residual hearing and charge levels.Study Sample:Twenty-eight cochlear implant recipients with postoperative residual hearing
in the operative ear and at least 12 mo of listening experience with electric-acoustic stimulation (EAS).Data Collection and Analysis:Assessment intervals included initial cochlear implant activation, initial EAS activation, and 3-, 6-, and 12-mo postinitial EAS activation. A masked
low-frequency bone-conduction (BC) pure-tone average (PTA) was calculated for all participants at each assessment interval. Charge levels for each electrode were determined using the most comfortable loudness level and pulse width values. Charge levels associated with different regions of
the electrode array were compared to the change in the low-frequency BC PTA between two consecutive intervals.Results:Charge levels had little to no association with the postoperative change in low-frequency BC PTA within the first year of listening experience.Conclusions:Electric
charge levels do not appear to be reliably related to the subsequent loss of residual low-frequency hearing in the implanted ear within the first year of EAS listening experience.
Resolución de estructuras cristalográficas
Authors: Millán Claudia , Usón Isabel
Published: July 2015

La cristalografía proporciona una visión tridimensional de las moléculas a un nivel de detalle atómico, que no sólo resulta muy informativa sino que además puede ser fácil e intuitivamente comprendida por seres tan predominantemente visuales como solemos ser los humanos. Sin embargo, al contrario que la microscopía, esta técnica no ofrece directamente una imagen y el modelo estructural no puede calcularse directamente a partir de los datos de difracción, ya que solamente las intensidades de los rayos difractados y no sus fases son accesibles a la medida experimental. Para determinar la estructura tridimensional las fases deben ser obtenidas por medio de métodos adicionales, bien experimentales o computacionales. Esto constituye el problema de la fase en cristalografía. En este artículo ofreceremos una visión general de los principales hitos en la búsqueda de las fases perdidas.
La aportación de José Jiménez Lozano al nacimiento de Las Edades del Hombre
Authors: Merino Bobillo María
Published: July 2015

José Jiménez Lozano desempeñó un papel esencial en el nacimiento de Las Edades del Hombre tanto por su amistad con José Velicia, su creador, como por la hondura y particularidad de sus conocimientos sobre el arte y la cultura que marcaron la personalidad del ciclo de exposiciones. Podemos documentar dicha aportación a través del rastreo de sus publicaciones anteriores al proyecto y de las entrevistas con algunas de las personas que colaboraron en su puesta en marcha. Haremos especial hincapié en un documento inédito que sirvió de presentación del mismo y en el que se descubre la mano de Jiménez Lozano. La estructura de los resultados obtenidos se relata tomando como puntos de anclaje las palabras de José Jiménez Lozano, ya sea en sus escritos, conferencias, o estudios realizados sobre él. Su escritura nos permite profundizar en las claves que han hecho de unas exposiciones un referente cultural.
Violencia sexual en La familia de Pascual Duarte
Authors: Garrido Ardila Juan Antonio
Published: July 2015

La ambigüedad que impregna La familia de Pascual Duarte ha propiciado que se haya venido interpretando de modos muy varios y contradictorios. El presente trabajo se centra en la interrelación entre sexo, familia y muerte, y cómo esta provee las claves para entender la psicología de Pascual y su responsabilidad en los hechos que narra. Un análisis de las agresiones del protagonista muestra cómo relaciona el sexo con la muerte hasta concebir la violencia y el asesinato como alegorías del sexo. El contexto de su vida permite determinar que Pascual agrede por razón de un complejo de inferioridad viril desarrollado a consecuencia de la impotencia sexual de su padre y de la promiscuidad de su madre, complejo agravado por su conciencia de marginación social. Se demuestra cómo Pascual interrelaciona el sexo con la violencia y con una obsesión por la procreación, que se fija en la comparación de Lola extática con la yegua en trance de muerte y que culmina con el asesinato de la madre como alegoría de una violación. Se establece así una nueva explicación del matricidio y se completa el retrato psicológico de Pascual, con las consecuencias que ello posee para la interpretación de esta obra.
Critical factors that impact on the efficiency of the Lagos seaports
Authors: Ojadi Francis , Walters Jackie
Published: July 2015

Background: Since the past two decades, the Lagos seaports have experienced vessel and storage yard cargo congestion, resulting in dwell times of about 30 days for containerised imports and high trade logistics costs.Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the critical factors that impact the operational efficiency of the Lagos seaports with a view to improving liner trade activities.Method: The study adopted an operational-based approach to understand the dynamics of the various interfaces of the port value chain. The research paradigm adopted for the study was therefore a combination of constructivism and post-positivism paradigms, which entailed the exploration and understanding of the various stakeholders in the port value chain. The epistemology of the research relied on the use of the exploratory sequential mixed method research technique (i.e. the qualitative approach followed by the quantitative approach) at the operational level of port operations.Results: The result of the research showed that significant challenges exist and that some of these challenges cut across all functions of port operations. Challenges are experienced in the areas of corruption, trade fraud, transport infrastructure deficits, the absence of a supply chain culture and shortcomings in the execution of the ‘contract of customs’. Additionally, these factors include the deficiencies in services and facilities provided by state agencies and government-appointed service providers and private sector companies such as truckers, inland container depots, Inland Container Depots (ICDs) and terminal operators.Conclusion: Specific recommendations are made to address the issues identified which, if implemented, could significantly address the current inefficiencies observed in the Lagos seaport’s operations.
New Insight on the Role of Plasminogen Receptor in Cancer Progression
Authors: Kumari Seema , Malla Ramarao
Published: July 2015

Objective

Plasminogen system plays a crucial role in physiological and pathological events related to tissue regeneration, wound healing, immune response, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. It gets activated when plasminogen associates with its cell surface receptors. Latest information on some of the well-explored plasminogen receptors such as annexin II-S100A10, cytokeratin 8, α-enolase, plasminogen receptor (KT) (Plg-R(KT)) and histone H2B has been discussed in the present review. These receptors can pave the way for effective new therapeutic and diagnostic strategies to counteract malignant diseases.

Conclusion

The present review concludes the key role of plasminogen receptors in extracellular matrix degradation, infiltration into surrounding tissues, neovascularization, invasion, metastasis and drug resistance. This review also discusses the possible effect of blocking these plasminogen receptors with monoclonal antibodies and DNA-based vaccination or silencing plasminogen receptor gene using small interfering RNA or short hairpin RNA to counteract cancer invasion and metastasis.
Safety and Feasibility of a KineSpring Knee System for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis: A Case Series
Authors: Hayes David A. , Waller Craig S. , Li Chuan Silvia , Vannabouathong Christopher , Sprague Sheila , Bhandari Mohit
Published: July 2015

The treatment gap between conservative management and total knee arthroplasty may leave patients with moderate cases of knee osteoarthritis (OA) without an ideal treatment option. The KineSpring® Knee Implant System may be a viable treatment option to fill the treatment gap for patients with knee OA who are not willing or inappropriate candidates for total knee arthroplasty, yet do not demonstrate relief with conservative treatments. This current paper reports a series of patients who received the KineSpring System and were followed for five years. Twelve patients were included in the case series. All 12 patients were diagnosed with symptomatic OA of the medial compartment of the knee. Pain and functional problems associated with OA improved with treatment using the KineSpring System. Furthermore, these improvements were seen over the course of five years. The findings of this study show the KineSpring System as a promising intervention for early-onset OA and warrant further investigation regarding its effectiveness.
Structures and Dimensions of Vector Valued Jacobi Forms of Degree Two
Authors: Ibukiyama Tomoyoshi
Published: July 2015

We give a complete characterization of vector valued holomorphic Jacobi forms of degree two of index one in the sense of Ziegler by the Taylor expansion and vector valued Siegel modular forms of various weights. By this characterization, we also give explicit dimension formulas for spaces of vector valued holomorphic Jacobi forms of index one of degree two, using those for vector valued Siegel modular forms and a certain surjectivity theorem on the Witt operator (the restriction operator to the diagonals). Our characterization also gives a concrete way to give the plus subspace of the space of Siegel modular forms of half-integral weight.
Haagerup Approximation Property for Arbitrary von Neumann Algebras
Authors: Okayasu Rui , Tomatsu Reiji
Published: July 2015

We attempt presenting a notion of the Haagerup approximation property for an arbitrary von Neumann algebra by using its standard form. We also prove the expected heredity results for this property.
eHealth 2015 Special Issue: Impact of Electronic Health Records on the Completeness of Clinical Documentation Generated during Diabetic Retinopathy Consultations
Authors: Huber P. , Kriechbaum K. , Scholda C. , Duftschmid G. , Wrba T. , Schmidt-Erfurth U. , Mitsch C.
Published: July 2015

Background: Two years ago, the Diabetic Retinopathy (DRP) and Traumatology clinic of the Department of Ophthalmology and Optometrics at the Medical University of Vienna, Austria switched from paper-based to electronic health records. A customized electronic health record system (EHR-S) was implemented.

Objectives: To assess the completeness of information documented electronically compared with manually during patient visits.

Methods: The Preferred Practice Pattern for Diabetic Retinopathy published by the American Academy of Ophthalmology was distilled into a list of medical features grouped into categories to be assessed and documented during the management of patients with DRP. The last seventy paper-based records and all electronic records generated since the switch were analyzed and graded for the presence of features on the list and the resulting scores compared.

Results: In all categories, clinical documentation was more complete in the EHR group.

Conclusions: In our setting, the implementation of an EHR-S showed a statistically significant positive impact on documentation completeness.

Citation: Mitsch C, Huber P, Kriechbaum K, Scholda C, Duftschmid G, Wrba T, Schmidt-Erfurth U. Impact of Electronic Health Records on the Completeness of Clinical Documentation Generated during Diabetic Retinopathy Consultations. Appl Clin Inform 2015; 6: 478–487

http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2015-03-RA-0028
Toxicity identification and evaluation of a refinery wastewater from Brazil (Phase I)
Authors: Daflon Sarah Dario Alves , Guerra Igor Lopes , Reynier Márcia Vieira , Botta Clarice Rispoli , Campos Juacyara Carbonelli
Published: July 2015

Petroleum refineries generate a large amount of effluents, which if released without appropriate treatment can cause chronic effects to organisms. Most studies show that many contaminants can be responsible for the toxicity, among them ammonia, sulfide, cyanide, phenol and hydrocarbons. The present study evaluated the cause of the chronic toxicity of a refinery wastewater from Brazil using the organism Ceriodaphnia dubia in short-term test. The results suggest that metals such as barium, manganese and strontium can be contributing for the toxicity of the wastewater. Besides this, conductivity could be contributing to the toxicity too, since the level is high for the test organism evaluated.
Quantifying residual ionospheric errors in GNSS radio occultation bending angles based on ensembles of profiles from end-to-end simulations
Authors: Liu C. L. , Kirchengast G. , Zhang K. , Norman R. , Li Y. , Zhang S. C. , Fritzer J. , Schwaerz M. , Wu S. Q. , Tan Z. X.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. The radio occultation (RO) technique using signals from the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), in particular from the Global Positioning System (GPS) so far, is currently widely used to observe the atmosphere for applications such as numerical weather prediction and global climate monitoring. The ionosphere is a major error source in RO measurements at stratospheric altitudes, and a linear ionospheric correction of dual-frequency RO bending angles is commonly used to remove the first-order ionospheric effect. However, the residual ionospheric error (RIE) can still be significant so that it needs to be further mitigated for high-accuracy applications, especially above about 30 km altitude where the RIE is most relevant compared to the magnitude of the neutral atmospheric bending angle. Quantification and careful analyses for better understanding of the RIE is therefore important for enabling benchmark-quality stratospheric RO retrievals. Here we present such an analysis of bending angle RIEs covering the stratosphere and mesosphere, using quasi-realistic end-to-end simulations for a full-day ensemble of RO events. Based on the ensemble simulations we assessed the variation of bending angle RIEs, both biases and standard deviations, with solar activity, latitudinal region and with or without the assumption of ionospheric spherical symmetry and co-existing observing system errors. We find that the bending angle RIE biases in the upper stratosphere and mesosphere, and in all latitudinal zones from low to high latitudes, have a clear negative tendency and a magnitude increasing with solar activity, which is in line with recent empirical studies based on real RO data although we find smaller bias magnitudes, deserving further study in the future. The maximum RIE biases are found at low latitudes during daytime, where they amount to within −0.03 to −0.05 μrad, the smallest at high latitudes (0 to −0.01 μrad; quiet space weather and winter conditions). Ionospheric spherical symmetry or asymmetries about the RO event location have only a minor influence on RIE biases. The RIE standard deviations are markedly increased both by ionospheric asymmetries and increasing solar activity and amount to about 0.3 to 0.7 μrad in the upper stratosphere and mesosphere. Taking also into account the realistic observation errors of a modern RO receiving system, amounting globally to about 0.4 μrad (unbiased; standard deviation), shows that the random RIEs are typically comparable to the total observing system error. The results help to inform future RIE mitigation schemes that will improve upon the use of the linear ionospheric correction of bending angles and also provide explicit uncertainty estimates.
Does EO NDVI seasonal metrics capture variations in species composition and biomass due to grazing in semi-arid grassland savannas?
Authors: Olsen J. L. , Miehe S. , Ceccato P. , Fensholt R.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. Most regional scale studies of vegetation in the Sahel have been based on Earth observation (EO) imagery due to the limited number of sites providing continuous and long term in situ meteorological and vegetation measurements. From a long time series of coarse resolution normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data a greening of the Sahel since the 1980s has been identified. However, it is poorly understood how commonly applied remote sensing techniques reflect the influence of extensive grazing (and changes in grazing pressure) on natural rangeland vegetation. This paper analyses the time series of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) NDVI metrics by comparing it with data from the Widou Thiengoly test site in northern Senegal. Field data include grazing intensity, end of season standing biomass (ESSB) and species composition from sizeable areas suitable for comparison with moderate – coarse resolution satellite imagery. It is shown that sampling plots excluded from grazing have a different species composition characterized by a longer growth cycle as compared to plots under controlled grazing or communal grazing. Also substantially higher ESSB is observed for grazing exclosures as compared to grazed areas, substantially exceeding the amount of biomass expected to be ingested by livestock for this area. The seasonal integrated NDVI (NDVI small integral; capturing only the signal inherent to the growing season recurrent vegetation), derived using absolute thresholds to estimate start and end of growing seasons, is identified as the metric most strongly related to ESSB for all grazing regimes. However plot-pixel comparisons demonstrate how the NDVI/ESSB relationship changes due to grazing-induced variation in annual plant species composition and the NDVI values for grazed plots are only slightly lower than the values observed for the ungrazed plots. Hence, average ESSB in ungrazed plots since 2000 was 0.93 t ha−1, compared to 0.51 t ha−1 for plots subjected to controlled grazing and 0.49 t ha−1 for communally grazed plots, but the average integrated NDVI values for the same period were 1.56, 1.49, and 1.45 for ungrazed, controlled and communal, respectively, i.e. a much smaller difference. This indicates that a grazing-induced development towards less ESSB and shorter-cycled annual plants with reduced ability to turn additional water in wet years into biomass is not adequately captured by seasonal NDVI metrics.
Microbial assemblages on a cold-water coral mound at the SE Rockall Bank (NE Atlantic): interactions with hydrography and topography
Authors: van Bleijswijk J. D. L. , Whalen C. , Duineveld G. C. A. , Lavaleye M. S. S. , Witte H. J. , Mienis F.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. This study characterizes the microbial community composition over Haas Mound, one of the most prominent cold-water coral mounds of the Logachev Mound province (Rockall Bank, NE Atlantic). We outline patterns of distribution vertically – from the seafloor to the water column – and laterally – across the mound – and couple these to mound topography and hydrography. Samples of water, sediment and Lophelia pertusa were collected in 2012 and 2013 from locations that were chosen based on high definition video surveys. Temperature and current measurements were obtained at two sites at the summit and foot of Haas Mound to study near-bed hydrodynamic conditions. Overlaying water was collected from depths of 400 m as well as 5 and 10 m above the bottom using a CTD/Rosette system. Near-bottom water, sediment and L. pertusa mucus and skeleton samples were obtained with a box corer. Of all these biotopes, Roche GS-FLX amplicon sequencing targeting both Bacteria and Archaea was carried out, augmenting our understanding of deep sea microbial consortia. The pattern of similarities between samples, visualized by multi-dimensional scaling (MDS), indicates a strong link between the distribution of microbes and the specific biotopes. The microbial operational taxonomic unit (OTU) diversity was the highest in near-bottom water, which was sampled in the coral framework. For the first time, Thaumarchaeota marine group I (MGI) were found in L. pertusa mucus; Endozoicomonas was detected in skeleton, mucus and near-bottom water, whereas Mycoplasma was only detected in skeleton and near-bottom water, however not in mucus. Analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) indicates that overlaying water is well-mixed at 400 m depth but less so at 5 and 10 m above the bottom, where the composition of microbial communities differed significantly between summit, slope and off-mound. At all locations, the near-bottom water differed significantly from water at 5 m above the bottom, illustrating that the near-bottom water in between the coral framework represents a separate microbial habitat. Furthermore, the observed spatial heterogeneity in microbial communities is discussed in relation to environmental conditions.
Carbon dynamics in highly heterotrophic subarctic thaw ponds
Authors: Roiha T. , Laurion I. , Rautio M.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. Global warming has accelerated the formation of permafrost thaw ponds in several subarctic and arctic regions. These ponds are net heterotrophic as evidenced by their greenhouse gas (GHG) supersaturation levels (CO2 and CH4), and generally receive large terrestrial carbon inputs from the thawing and eroding permafrost. We measured seasonal and vertical variations in the concentration and type of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in five subarctic thaw (thermokarst) ponds in northern Quebec, and explored how environmental gradients influenced heterotrophic and phototrophic biomass and productivity. Late winter DOM had low aromaticity indicating reduced inputs of terrestrial carbon, while the high concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) suggests that some production of non-chromophoric dissolved compounds by the microbial food web took place under the ice cover. Summer DOM had a strong terrestrial signature, but was also characterized with significant inputs of algal-derived carbon, especially at the pond surface. During late winter, bacterial production was low (maximum of 0.8 mg C m−3 d−1) and was largely based on free-living bacterioplankton (58 %). Bacterial production in summer was high (up to 58 mg C m−3 d−1), dominated by particle-attached bacteria (67 %), and strongly correlated to the amount of terrestrial carbon. Primary production was restricted to summer surface waters due to strong light limitation deeper in the water column or in winter. The phototrophic biomass was equal to the heterotrophic biomass, but as the algae were mostly composed of mixotrophic species, most probably they used bacteria rather than solar energy in such shaded ponds. According to the δ13C analyses, non-algal carbon supported 51 % of winter and 37 % of summer biomass of the phantom midge larvae, Chaoborus sp., that are at the top of the trophic chain. Our results point to a strong heterotrophic energy pathway in these thaw pond ecosystems, where bacterioplankton dominates the production of new carbon in both summer and winter.
Climate variability and human impact on the environment in South America during the last 2000 years: synthesis and perspectives
Authors: Flantua S. G. A. , Hooghiemstra H. , Vuille M. , Behling H. , Carson J. F. , Gosling W. D. , Hoyos I. , Ledru M. P. , Montoya E. , Mayle F. , Maldonado A. , Rull V. , Tonello M. S. , Whitney B. S. , González-Arango C.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. An improved understanding of present-day climate variability and change relies on high-quality data sets from the past two millennia. Global efforts to reconstruct regional climate modes are in the process of validating and integrating paleo-proxies. For South America, however, the full potential of vegetation records for evaluating and improving climate models has hitherto not been sufficiently acknowledged due to its unknown spatial and temporal coverage. This paper therefore serves as a guide to high-quality pollen records that capture environmental variability during the last two millennia. We identify the pollen records with the required temporal characteristics for PAGES-2 ka climate modelling and we discuss their sensitivity to the spatial signature of climate modes throughout the continent. Diverse patterns of vegetation response to climate change are observed, with more similar patterns of change in the lowlands and varying intensity and direction of responses in the highlands. Pollen records display local scale responses to climate modes, thus it is necessary to understand how vegetation-climate interactions might diverge under variable settings. Additionally, pollen is an excellent indicator of human impact through time. Evidence for human land use in pollen records is useful for archaeological hypothesis testing and important in distinguishing natural from anthropogenically driven vegetation change. We stress the need for the palynological community to be more familiar with climate variability patterns to correctly attribute the potential causes of observed vegetation dynamics. The LOTRED-SA-2 k initiative provides the ideal framework for the integration of the various paleoclimatic sub-disciplines and paleo-science, thereby jumpstarting and fostering multi-disciplinary research into environmental change on centennial and millennial time scales.
Development of the very long range muographic imaging technique to explore the internal structure of an erupting volcano, Shinmoe-dake, Japan
Authors: Kusagaya T. , Tanaka H. K. M.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. Muography offers us a tool to observe hazardous erupting volcanoes remotely. However, practical muographic observations of volcanoes from a distance are difficult; therefore, various observations have been performed in the vicinity (< 1.5 km) of volcano peaks to suppress background noise and enhance images. In this study, we created a muographic image directly beneath the caldera floor of the erupting Shinmoe-dake volcano in Japan by locating our muography telescope 5 km from the peak. Shinmoe-dake volcano began to erupt on 19 January 2011, and in less than one month, the ejected lava almost completely filled the caldera and completely changed the topography of the caldera floor. The resultant image shows a low-density region underneath the western part of the newly created caldera floor, which indicates the existence of a void there. After the volcano became less active in February 2011, infrequent eruptions might have left a void beneath the caldera floor, which may trigger a collapse in the future. We anticipate that our novel muography will be a practical tool for monitoring and predicting eruption sequences in the near future.
An observation-constrained multi-physics WRF ensemble for simulating European mega heat waves
Authors: Stegehuis A. I. , Vautard R. , Ciais P. , Teuling A. J. , Miralles D. G. , Wild M.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. Many climate models have difficulties in properly reproducing climate extremes, such as heat wave conditions. Here we use the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) regional climate model with a large combination of different atmospheric physics schemes, in combination with the NOAH land-surface scheme, with the goal of detecting the most sensitive physics and identifying those that appear most suitable for simulating the heat wave events of 2003 in western Europe and 2010 in Russia. In total, 55 out of 216 simulations combining different atmospheric physical schemes have a temperature bias smaller than 1 °C during the heat wave episodes, the majority of simulations showing a cold bias of on average 2–3 °C. Conversely, precipitation is mostly overestimated prior to heat waves, and shortwave radiation is slightly overestimated. Convection is found to be the most sensitive atmospheric physical process impacting simulated heat wave temperature across four different convection schemes in the simulation ensemble. Based on these comparisons, we design a reduced ensemble of five well performing and diverse scheme configurations, which may be used in the future to perform heat wave analysis and to investigate the impact of climate change during summer in Europe.
Landslide early warning based on failure forecast models: the example of the Mt. de La Saxe rockslide, northern Italy
Authors: Manconi A. , Giordan D.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. We apply failure forecast models by exploiting near-real-time monitoring data for the La Saxe rockslide, a large unstable slope threatening Aosta Valley in northern Italy. Starting from the inverse velocity theory, we analyze landslide surface displacements automatically and in near real time on different temporal windows and apply straightforward statistical methods to obtain confidence intervals on the estimated time of failure. Here, we present the result obtained for the La Saxe rockslide, a large unstable slope located in Aosta Valley, northern Italy. Based on this case study, we identify operational thresholds that are established on the reliability of the forecast models. Our approach is aimed at supporting the management of early warning systems in the most critical phases of the landslide emergency.
READY: a web-based geographical information system for enhanced flood resilience through raising awareness in citizens
Authors: Albano R. , Sole A. , Adamowski J.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. As evidenced by the EU Floods Directive (2007/60/EC), flood management strategies in Europe have undergone a shift in focus in recent years. The goal of flood prevention using structural measures has been replaced by an emphasis on the management of flood risks using non-structural measures. One implication of this is that public authorities alone not only take responsibility for flood management. A broader range of stakeholders, who may personally experience the negative effects of flooding, also take on responsibility for protecting themselves. Therefore, it is vital that information concerning flood risks is conveyed to those who may be affected in order to facilitate the self-protection of citizens. Experience shows that problems persist even where efforts have been made to communicate flood risks. There is a need for the development of new tools that are able to rapidly disseminate flood-risk information to the general public. To be useful these tools must be able to present information relevant to the location of the user. Moreover, the content and design of the tool need to be adjusted to laypeople's needs. Dissemination and communication influence both people's access to and understanding of natural risk information. Such a tool could be a useful aid to effective management of flood risks. To address this gap, a web-based geographical information system (WebGIS) has been developed through the collaborative efforts of a group of scientists, hazard and risk analysts and managers, GIS analysts, system developers and communication designers. This tool, called "READY: Risk, Extreme Events, Adaptation, Defend Yourself", aims to enhance the general public knowledge of flood risk, making citizens more capable of responding appropriately during a flood event. The READY WebGIS has allowed for the visualization and easy querying of a complex hazard and risk database thanks to a high degree of interactivity and easily read maps. In this way, READY has enabled fast exploration of alternative flood scenarios or past calamitous events. Combined also with a system of graphic symbols designed ad hoc for communication of self-protection behaviours, it is believed READY could lead to an increase in citizen participation, informed discussion and consensus building. The platform has been developed for a site-specific application: the Basilicata region, Italy, has been selected as pilot application area. The goal of the prototype is to raise citizen awareness of flood risks and to build social capacity and enhanced resilience to flood events.
Cumulative areawise testing in wavelet analysis and its application to geophysical time series
Authors: Schulte J. A.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. Statistical significance testing in wavelet analysis was improved through the development of a cumulative areawise test. The test was developed to eliminate the selection of two significance levels that an existing geometric test requires for implementation. The selection of two significance levels was found to make the test sensitive to the chosen pointwise significance level, which may preclude further scientific investigation. A set of experiments determined that the cumulative areawise test has greater statistical power than the geometric test in most cases, especially when the signal-to-noise ratio is high. The number of false positives identified by the tests was found to be similar if the respective significance levels were set to 0.05. The new testing procedure was applied to the time series of the Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation (AMO), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), and Niño 3.4 index. The testing procedure determined that the NAO, PDO, and AMO are consistent with red-noise processes, whereas significant power was found in the 2–7 year period band for the Niño 3.4 index.
Facial Affect Recognition Training Through Telepractice: Two Case Studies of Individuals with Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Williamson John , Isaki Emi
Published: July 2015

The use of a modified Facial Affect Recognition (FAR) training to identify emotions was investigated with two case studies of adults with moderate to severe chronic (> five years) traumatic brain injury (TBI).  The modified FAR training was administered via telepractice to target social communication skills.  Therapy consisted of identifying emotions through static facial expressions, personally reflecting on those emotions, and identifying sarcasm and emotions within social stories and role-play.  Pre- and post-therapy measures included static facial photos to identify emotion and the Prutting and Kirchner Pragmatic Protocol for social communication.  Both participants with chronic TBI showed gains on identifying facial emotions on the static photos.
Provider Perspectives on Telepractice for Serving Families of Children who are Deaf or Hard of Hearing
Authors: Behl Diane D. , Kahn Gary
Published: July 2015

Telepractice to deliver remote Part C early intervention (EI) services to families in their home is a rapidly-growing strategy under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) to meet the needs of infants and toddlers who are deaf or hard of hearing. A survey was completed within a “learning community” comprised of staff from EI programs that were implementing telepractice to learn about their specific implementation strategies and challenges they faced. Twenty-seven individuals representing 11 programs responded. The results showed great variability in hardware and software, with many raising concerns regarding security. Primary challenges reported were internet connectivity and training in skills required to deliver telepractice services. The findings from this survey were valuable in guiding future areas of investigation for the learning community and ultimately improving telepractice in the field.
Editors' Note
Authors: Cohn Ellen R. , Cason Jana
Published: July 2015

The Spring 2015 issue of the International Journal of Telerehabilitation (IJT) contains original research that analyzes provider perspectives on the use of telepractice to serve the families of children who are deaf or hard of hearing. Two case studies examine the utility of administering Facial Affect Training through telepractice to individuals with chronic traumatic brain injury. An article in IJT’s policy section describes the process for the formulation of the World Federation of Occupational Therapists (WFOT) international telehealth position statement for occupational therapy.  The World Federation of Occupational Therapists (WFOT) consists of 84 member organizations representing over 420,000 occupational therapists internationally (WFOT, 2014). The Spring 2015 issue also contains announcements of upcoming conferences.  As of May 2015, the International Journal of Telerehabilitation (IJT) is live on PubMed Central:  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/journals/2411/.  Articles from all past issues were indexed, as will be the current and future issues.
Mathematical Problem Solving: Variables that Affect Problem Solving Success
Authors: Sezgin memnun Dilek , ÇOBAN Merve
Published: July 2015

Individuals who can solve the problems in everyday and business life is one of the primary goals of education due to the necessity to have problem solving skills to cope with life problems. Problem solving has an important role in mathematics education. Because of that, this research is aimed to examine the differentiation of secondary school students’ problem solving success according to gender, class level, and mathematics course grade. Moreover, this paper explores the effect of secondary school students’ attitudes toward mathematics and problem solving on problem solving success. The participants were 77 fifth-graders and 81 sixth-graders who were studying in three different secondary schools in a large city in Turkey. Two different attitude instruments and a problem solving test were administered to these volunteer fifth- and sixth-graders accompanied by mathematics teachers. Additionally, the students’ mathematics course grades for the fall semester were obtained and used in the research. The results revealed that sixth-graders were more successful in problem solving than fifth- graders. The problem solving success of female and male students was similar, and there was an intermediate positive relationship between problem solving success and course grade point averages. The students’ attitudes affected their problem solving success.
Arendt on Resentment: Articulating Intersubjectivity
Authors: Hunt Grace
Published: July 2015

This article develops an Arendtian conception of resentment and shows that resentment as a response to injustice is in fact only possible within a community of persons engaged in moral and recognitive relations. While Arendt is better known for her work on forgiveness—characterized as a creative rather than vindictive response to injury—this article suggests that Arendt provides a unique way of thinking about resentment as essentially a response to another human's subjectivity. But when injury is massive, so beyond the pale that the possibility of face-to-face human interaction is annihilated, the space for resentment is thereby destroyed. Ironically, while the absence of resentment might at first seem to be an unproblematically good thing, Arendt shows us that the loss of resentment actually signals the loss of the properly human realm.
The Gender of Silence: Irigaray on the Measureless Measure
Authors: Knowles Adam
Published: July 2015

This article explores the gendered nature of speech and silence in ancient Greece by showing how women were denied the measure of moderation (sōphrosunē) with regard to speech. Drawing on examples from Plato and Aristotle, it shows how the voice of Greek women was associated with irreducibly contradictory qualities of being too loud, yet never silent enough. Exploring these contradictions through Plato's chōra and Irigaray's Speculum of the Other Woman, it argues that Greek women were ultimately considered essentially atopos, or out of place by virtue of their measurelessness, with great political consequences for the city.
Gender Dysphoria, Body Dysmorphia, and the Problematic of Body Modification
Authors: Bray Sean
Published: July 2015

This article focuses on issues of gender identity and bodily integrity in the context of profound desires to modify the body. It contends that, while hormonal and surgical interventions in treating gender dysphoria must continue to be considered medically necessary for many people, we do not yet fully understand why it is justified as medically necessary for this condition and not for others with similar features. The article discusses the difference between the medical classification of “gender dysphoria” and “body dysmorphic disorder” and the notion of mental distress in embodiment. It discusses the role that gender essentialism may have played in the medical sanction of hormonal interventions and gender reassignment surgeries. Finally, it proffers the alternative justificatory criterion, following Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick, of “propriodescriptive authority” and explains why this justification, though highly subjective, provides better rational grounds for adjudicating which types of body modification can be considered medically necessary, grounds that can include, but also go well beyond, cases of gender dysphoria.
Un retour des patronymes au Québec, 2005-2010 : au-delà des chiffres, des discours complexes entre égalité, identité et filiation
Authors: Charton Laurence , Duchesne Louis , Lemieux Denise , Ouellette Françoise-Romaine
Published: July 2015

Depuis 1981, le Code civil du Québec, dans la foulée de la reconnaissance du principe d’égalité des parents, permet d’attribuer à un enfant soit le nom de son père, soit le nom de sa mère, soit les deux noms réunis. La personne qui a reçu un nom composé peut le transmettre en totalité ou en partie à son enfant, combiné ou non avec le nom simple ou une partie du nom composé de l’autre parent (16 possibilités). Cet article propose une réflexion sur cette réforme à travers son impact sur les dynamiques de transmission du nom, sur la base des statistiques postérieures à la nouvelle législation (1980-2010) ainsi que de 25 entretiens autour de la naissance du premier enfant réalisés auprès de mères ou de pères d’enfants nés au cours de la période 2008-2013, incluant des parents porteurs d’un double nom. Cet article analyse, à partir des chiffres disponibles, une hausse de l’attribution du nom du père au cours des dernières décennies, succédant à une croissance du double nom dans les années 1980. Sans être généralisables, les entretiens suggèrent un accroissement de l’importance de la fonction connotative des discours entourant les processus de nomination, où s’entremêlent de façon complexe les enjeux de filiation, d’identité et d’égalité.
Parcours de vie et âges des transitions en Belgique : vers une déstandardisation des âges à l’entrée et au départ du marché du travail ?
Authors: Sanderson Jean-Paul
Published: July 2015

Depuis plusieurs décennies, on assiste à une transformation profonde des parcours professionnels. L’entrée dans la vie active est de plus en plus tardive et complexe, tandis que les départs du marché du travail sont devenus très précoces, en Europe et particulièrement en Belgique, au point d’inquiéter les décideurs politiques et de les inciter à intervenir. L’analyse de cette double transformation a amené différents auteurs à formuler l’hypothèse d’une déstandardisation des parcours de vie à partir des années 1960. À partir de données rétrospectives sur la Belgique, cet article entend tester l’hypothèse d’une déstandardisation des âges à l’entrée et à la sortie du marché du travail au cours des années 1965-2001.
Effets des normes de genre, de l’éducation et de l’emploi sur l’autonomie décisionnelle des femmes en Afrique subsaharienne
Authors: Adjiwanou Vissého , Legrand Thomas K.
Published: July 2015

L’autonomie des femmes a été reconnue comme une condition essentielle au développement lors de la Conférence internationale sur la population et le développement de Caire en 1994. Cette étude examine les facteurs contextuels (notamment des normes de genre légitimant la violence envers les femmes) et les facteurs individuels (dont le niveau d’instruction et le type d’emploi) sur l’autonomie décisionnelle des femmes en milieu rural au Ghana, au Kenya, en Ouganda et en Tanzanie. Elle utilise les données issues des enquêtes démographiques et de santé (EDS) de ces pays. La mesure des normes de genre à partir de la perception qu’ont les femmes de la violence domestique (d’un homme sur son épouse) dans leur communauté en recourant à l’analyse factorielle confirmatoire a donné de bons indices d’ajustement qui renforcent la validité de cette méthode. Une augmentation d’un écart-type de cette variable contextuelle est associée à un accroissement des risques pour une femme d’avoir une faible autonomie décisionnelle de 54 % au Ghana, de 45 % au Kenya, de 48 % en Ouganda et de 25 % en Tanzanie. L’instruction et le statut socioéconomique des femmes ne présentent pas la même stabilité sur l’autonomie décisionnelle des femmes. Nos résultats témoignent de la nécessité d’une politique plus globale pour renforcer l’autonomie des femmes en Afrique subsaharienne.