bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disturbances of citrulline homeostasis in patients with arterial hypertension
Authors: Zhloba A. A. , Subbotina T. F.
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND. Evaluation the level of citrulline (Cit) in the blood allows us to determine metabolic disorders in the proximal tubules of the kidneys. Previously, we showed that impaired metabolic function of the kidneys in hypertensive patients (AH) is expressed by an increase in the level of Cit. THE AIM was to determine diagnostically significant Cutoff value or exceeding Cit levels in the blood separately for men and women with hypertension. PATIENTS AND METHODS. We examined 115 hyperten sive patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥ 45 ml/min/1.73 m2, included 44 men and 71 women aged 63 [56; 68] and 64 [53; 73] years, respectively. The comparison group included 30 older age group donors (11 men and 19 women). Determination of the levels of Cit, arginine (Arg) and others was carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS. Metabolic disorders: obesity – noted in 57 % of men and 50 % of women; and hypercholesterolemia in 30 and 33 % and hypertriglyceridemia in 37 and 29 % of patients, respectively. Metabolic dysfunction in the subgroups of men and women, according to Cit content, was expressed by an increase in its levels by an average of 32 and 29 %, respectively. ROC analysis determined the cutoff value for men > 49.1 μM Cit, p = 0.0023, which corresponds to 68 % sensitivity and 91 % specificity, and 46.3 μM (p = 0.0014) with 80 % sensitivity and specificity 63 % for women. CONCLUSION. A slight decrease in the metabolic functions of the kidneys affects Cit homeostasis, which has diagnostic value. According to the data obtained, renal metabolism ensures the content of Cit in the blood – not higher than 49.1 μM in men and women – 46.3 μM, before the onset of a violation of this metabolic function in patients with hypertension.
How much salt should i recommend to a patient with CKD: the real mechanisms of regulation of sodium metabolism in kidney pathology
Authors: Ivanov D. D.
Published: September 2024

Dietary considerations for salt (sodium chloride) in people with chronic kidney disease are based on multiple guidelines and suggest an intake of <90 mmol sodium per day, or <5 g sodium chloride per day. It is assumed that excess sodium intake contributes to the formation/maintenance of hypertension and edema syndrome. However, WHO data and cohort studies show that average salt intake is approximately twice the recommended level. In people with chronic kidney disease, a paradoxical situation often arises when, with recommended, but poorly followed, recommendations, 15-36 % of patients may develop hyponatremia. This is due to both the restriction of salt in the diet and the active use of loop diuretics, and recently SGLT-2is, GLP-1RAs against the background of RAASi and increasing age of the patient, which in itself is a risk factor for hyponatremia. In this regard, the possible clinical complications of hyponatremia increase significantly. The article addresses issues of physiology and pathophysiology of sodium metabolism, examines clinical situations and suggests careful treatment of significant restrictions on sodium chloride in the diet, keeping in mind the dietary cravings that develop during hyponatremia. Attention is drawn to the need to control serum sodium and be attentive to the dietary whims of patients.
In Memory of Academician M.D. Tushinsky
Authors: Kulikov A. N. , Lukichev B. G. , Panina I. Yu. , Rumyantsev A. Sh.
Published: September 2024

The article presents a brief outline of the life and work of one of the outstanding Russian internists, the creator of the modern school of propaedeutics, academician Mikhail Dmitrievich Tushinsky.
Nonsteroidal mineralcorticoid receptor antagonist finerenone: a new approach for drug therapy of chronic kidney disease
Authors: Kuzmin O. B. , Belyanin V. V. , Buchneva N. V. , Landar L. N. , Serdyuk S. V. , Stolbova M. V.
Published: September 2024

The hormonal system aldosterone synthase-aldosterone-mineralcorticoid receptor plays a key role in kidney damage, progression of CKD and increased blood pressure in patients with diabetic and nondiabetic nephropathy. The steroid antagonist of mineralcorticoid (MC) receptors spironolactone and its replacement eplerenone are recommended to be included in combination with RAS inhibitors to control blood pressure and reduce urinary protein loss in hypertensive patients with stages C1-C3a of CKD. However, the use this drugs in CKD is limited due to the risk of hyperkalemia, gynecomastia and other unwanted side effects. Recently, a new generation of MC receptor antagonists has been developed, which differ from its predecessors in a different mechanism of action, improved pharmacological properties and a more favorable safety profile. The review presents data on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the new nonsteroidal MC receptor antagonist finerenone, as well as the results of clinical studies obtained in assessing its effectiveness and safety in patients with CKD diabetic and nondiabetic origin.
Cross-Functional Team Management in Product Development
Authors: Siddhey Mahadik  , Dasaiah Pakanati  , Harshita Cherukuri  , Shubham Jain  , Shalu Jain
Published: September 2024

It is very necessary for successful product development to have good cross-functional team management in today's business climate, which is more dynamic and competitive than ever before. It is crucial to have cross-functional teams in order to stimulate innovation, improve product quality, and accelerate time-to-market. These teams comprise of people from a variety of departments, including engineering, marketing, design, and operations, among others. In the context of product development, this abstract investigates the relevance of managing cross-functional teams, as well as the issues that come with it and the best practices that may be implemented.
Having a wide range of viewpoints, greater problem-solving skills, and enhanced cooperation across a variety of functional areas are just some of the advantages that cross-functional teams provide. A holistic approach to product development that is capable of addressing difficult and varied issues is made possible by these teams, which are meant to incorporate knowledge from a variety of disciplines from different fields. Cross-functional teams are able to produce more creative solutions, better fulfil the demands of customers, and adapt to changing market circumstances because they bring together people who have various abilities and points of view when they are brought together.
Nevertheless, managing teams that work across functional boundaries brings a number of issues. One of the most significant challenges is bringing together individuals of the team who have various work styles, goals, and objectives. It is essential to have efficient communication and coordination in order to guarantee that all members of the team are at the same level of understanding and are working towards the same objective. In addition, divergent degrees of knowledge and competing interests may result in misunderstandings and conflicts, which can impede development and have an impact on the morale of the team.
Integration of Oracle HCM with Third-Party Tools
Authors: Md Abul Khair  , Pattabi Rama Rao Thumati  , Pavan Kanchi  , Ujjawal Jain  , Prof.(Dr.) Punit Goel
Published: September 2024

A major step forward in the field of Human Resources (HR) technology is represented by the integration of Oracle Human Capital Management (HCM) with technologies developed by third parties. The integration of Oracle Human Capital Management (HCM) with a variety of third-party apps allows organisations to use a complete ecosystem that improves HR capabilities and overall organisational performance. This is particularly useful for organisations that are striving to achieve higher efficiency and simplify their procedures. Through this interface, Oracle Human Capital Management (HCM) is able to support the smooth interchange of data between itself and other systems, such as payroll, benefits administration, and recruiting platforms. This eliminates data silos and reduces the amount of human data input that is required.
The enhancement of the correctness and consistency of the data is one of the most significant advantages brought about by this integration. The integration of Oracle Human Capital Management (HCM) with third-party technologies enables organisations to guarantee that employee data is consistently updated across all platforms, therefore reducing the likelihood of mistakes and conflicts. Real-time data synchronisation is also supported by this interface, which enables human resource professionals to have access to the most recent information in order to improve their decision-making abilities.
Hyper parameter Optimization in CNNs for EEG Analysis
Authors: Nishit Agarwal  , Fnu Antara  , Pronoy Chopra  , A Renuka  , Prof.(Dr) Punit Goel
Published: September 2024

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a crucial tool for assessing brain activity and diagnosing neurological disorders. The application of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) in EEG analysis has shown promising results due to their ability to automatically learn and extract relevant features from complex, high-dimensional data. However, the effectiveness of CNNs is heavily influenced by hyper-parameters, which govern the network's architecture and training process. This paper focuses on hyper-parameter optimization (HPO) as a means to enhance the performance of CNNs in EEG analysis.
We explore various strategies for HPO, including traditional methods such as grid search and random search, as well as advanced techniques like Bayesian optimization and evolutionary algorithms. Each method's strengths and limitations are discussed in the context of EEG applications, emphasizing their role in improving model accuracy and generalization.
Additionally, we analyze the impact of different hyper-parameter configurations on CNN performance using case studies and comparative experiments. The findings indicate that automated HPO techniques can significantly enhance model robustness and efficiency, leading to more accurate interpretations of EEG signals. By optimizing hyper-parameters, researchers can leverage CNNs more effectively, ultimately advancing the field of EEG analysis and improving clinical outcomes. This paper contributes to the understanding of how systematic hyper-parameter optimization can play a pivotal role in maximizing the potential of CNNs for interpreting complex brain data.
LEVERAGING MACHINE LEARNING FOR IMPROVED SPAM DETECTION IN ONLINE NETWORKS
Authors: Balachandar Paulraj
Published: September 2024

This paper proposes an advanced methodology of spam detection by including N-gram tf.idf feature selection and a deep multi-layer perceptron neural network, with further improvement through the modified distribution-based balancing algorithm. Considering high-dimensional data and class imbalance problems, the proposed method proved to outperform the state-of-the-art methods on benchmark datasets, including Enron, SpamAssassin, SMS spam collection, and social networking data. It also makes up an important enhancement in the classification of spam, as it captures complex features that reduce false positives and false negatives. These results show that combining deep learning with improved feature extraction and balancing techniques provides a very robust approach for spam detection.
Setting Pharmaceutical Drug Prices: What the Medicare Negotiators Need to Know About Innovation and Financialization
Authors:   Öner Tulum is executive director of research at the Academic-Industry Research Network, Tulum Öner , Lazonick William
Published: September 2024

Mandated by the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, the U.S. government through the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) is negotiating with pharmaceutical companies over the “maximum fair price” of ten drugs in wide use by Medicare patients. Over the next few years, the number of drugs whose prices are subject to negotiations will increase. The pharmaceutical companies contend that a “fair” price would be a “value-based price” that enables the companies’ shareholders to capture the value that the drug creates for society. Invoking the dominant “maximizing shareholder value” ideology, the argument for value-based pricing assumes that it is only a pharmaceutical company’s shareholders who make the risky investments that fund drug innovation. Pharmaceutical executives and their lobbyists warn that a lowering of drug prices will reduce investments in new drugs. The purpose of this paper is to enable CMS negotiators to respond to these arguments by showing a) why drug-price regulation is required, given the relation between scale economies in supplying drugs and price inelasticity of drug demand; b) how the pharmaceutical companies with which they are negotiating prices are, in general, not using their profits from unregulated drug prices to fund drug innovation but rather to fund distributions to shareholders in the form of cash dividends and stock buybacks; c) that publicly listed pharmaceutical companies do not typically rely upon investment by shareholders to fund drug innovation; and d) that investment in drug innovation entails “collective and cumulative learning” in foundational and translational research that is both antecedent and external to the investments in clinical research that a pharmaceutical company may make to bring a safe and effective drug to market.
Analisis Ancaman Siber dan Persiapan Pemuda Karang Taruna Kelurahan Rengas dalam Menghadapi Risiko Keamanan Siber
Authors:   Universitas Nusa Mandiri, Putra Jordy Lasmana , Mugi Raharjo , Fitri Evita
Published: September 2024

Karang Taruna Kelurahan Rengas Ciputat Timur is a social organization for the development of young people who are able to display their character through creation, taste, passion and work in the field of social welfare. The problems faced by Karang Taruna Kelurahan Rengas Ciputat Timur are the lack of skills, security Awareness, human resources, access to training resources and the lack of special training related to Cyber security Awareness so that the youth of Karang Taruna Kelurahan Rengas Ciputat Timur experience blindness to the importance of cyber security which can have fatal consequences in the use of technology in the current era. The purpose of this community service activity is to introduce and provide training related to cyber security awareness to youth organizations in Rengas Village. As for this community service, material is given to youth groups related to cyber security awareness and tips are given in carrying out all daily activities by paying attention to this security. The method used in this community service activity is to provide material using the lecture method by carrying out several stages including preparation, implementation and evaluation of activities. The results of the implementation of this community service activity found that 76.92% stated that the participants gave a fairly good response to the implementation of this community service activity.
Pelatihan Pengembangan Kapasitas Organisasi Desa Wisata Sukarame untuk Mendukung Program Geowisata di Kabupaten Pandeglang
Authors:   Universitas Bakrie, Mihardja Eli Jamilah , Jurica Lucyanda , Widyastuti Dominica Arni , Ismail Rexy Fajrin , Azzura Denisa
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this activity is to develop the organizational capacity of Sukarame Tourism Village as a geo-tourism program in Pandeglang Regency. The activity was carried out with partners, namely the Pandeglang Regency Tourism Office and the Ujung Kulon Geopark Management Agency. Sukarame Tourism Village has achieved achievements as one of the best tourist villages in Indonesia. However, as one of the areas in the Ujung Kulon Geopark area, tourism village organizations still experience limited literacy related to branding strategies, promotion and marketing, and financial management. The method of community service is training and mentoring to design and implement geo-tourism promotion and financial management by optimizing the use of media. Training activities in the form of material presentation and discussion related to branding strategies, promotion and marketing, and financial management. While mentoring activities in the form of helping participants create social media for their business promotion. The results of the activity concluded that there was an increase in knowledge and understanding of branding, promotion and marketing strategies, and simple financial management according to accounting standards. The increase was seen from the results of the pre-test and post-test, there was an increase in participants' understanding related to financial management and reporting above 80%; understanding related to promotion and marketing above 12%; and understanding related to the importance of media in promotion and marketing as much as 88%. This activity provides other outputs such as content uploaded on social media, documentaries, and special websites for the development of geotourism programs.
Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Keberhasilan ASI Ekslusif
Authors: Sukmawati
Published: September 2024

Pemberian ASI Eksklusif sangat penting bagi bayi usia 0-6 bulan karena semua kandungan gizi ada pada ASI yang sangat berguna bagi pertumbuhan. Menurut UNICEF (2013) di dunia tahun 2013 dari 136,7 juta bayi yang lahir hanya 32,6% dari mereka yang disusui secara eksklusif dalam 6 bulan pertama dikarenakan masih banyak ibu yang kurang memahami manfaat ASI Eksklusif. Untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan keberhasilan ASI Eksklusif. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif analitik menggunakan uji chi square dengan bantuan SPSS 20. Data yang diambil adalah data primer. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh ibu yang memiliki bayi 0-2 tahun di Klinik tersebut dengan pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode total sampling. Variabel yang berhubungan dengan keberhasilan ASI Eksklusif adalah pengetahuan (P Value= 0,001), pekerjaan (P Value= 0,028), paritas (P Value= 0,038), pendidikan (P Value= 0,001), dan frekuensi menyusui (P Value= 0,001)
Redox Status of the Blood of Patients with Metastatic Brain Lesion During Different Options of Radiotherapeutic Treatment
Authors: Goroshinskaya I. A. , Kaplieva I. V. , Rostorguev E. Ye. , Babasinov A. A. , Nemashkalova L. A. , Voshedskii V. I. , Rozenko L. Ya.
Published: September 2024

Purpose: A comparative study of the content of lipid peroxidation (LPO) products and the activity of the main antioxidant enzymes in the blood plasma of patients with brain metastases (BM) under various radiotherapeutic treatment options.

Material and methods: The study included 37 patients with BM. Three groups of patients were formed: Control group (12 patients), in which stereotactic radiotherapy with a single focal dose of 6 Gy to a total dose of 30 Gy was performed on the place of the removed metastasis; Main group No. 1 (6 patients) — after a session of preoperative radiosurgery with a dose of 10-15 Gy, the metastatic focus was removed after 24 hours; Main group No. 2 (19 patients) — staged radiosurgery (SRS) was carried out in 3 stages with a dose of 10 Gy with an interval between sessions of 14 days (total dose of 30 Gy). In the blood plasma of 37 patients, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), diene conjugates (DC), and the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase were determined by standard spectrophotometric methods. The comparison group included 21 people without cancer (donors). Statistical processing of the results was carried out using the Statistica 10.0 program. using Student’s t-test and nonparametric Mann–Whitney test.

Results: Before treatment, the MDA content was increased in all patients, on average by 83.5 % (p = 0.00025) relative to the donor group; in the majority, DC was also increased (by 60.4 %, p = 0.0498). After removal of the metastatic lesion in patients in the Control and Main group No. 1, the level of LPO products remained elevated. And only in the Main Group No. 2, already before the 3rd session of SRS, a decrease in the level of MDA was observed in patients with a removed primary lesion, as well as normalization of DC in all patients and restoration of the coordinated work of antioxidant enzymes. An increase in MDA content with reduced catalase activity in patients with an unremoved primary lesion at the stages of SRS may reflect the mechanism of tumor cell reduction under the influence of increased production of free radicals during long-term radiation exposure.

Conclusions: The use of SRS, in contrast to other radiotherapy options, helps to normalize the redox status of the blood of patients with metastatic brain lesions. Analysis of the data obtained suggests greater effectiveness of SRS in patients with a removed primary lesion.
An Accessory Spleen in the Liver Gate: a Clinical Case Report
Authors: Medvedeva B. M. , Darenskaya A. D. , Kropotov P. S. , Krylov A. S.
Published: September 2024

This article is dedicated to such a congenital anomaly of human development as an accessory spleen. In our article we discuss the main causes of its occurrence, indicate the most frequent localizations, discuss the complexity of diagnosis, and demonstrate the modern possibilities of medical imaging in differential diagnosis of this pathology with other neoplasms of the abdominal cavity. Moreover, we present a clinical case of an accessory spleen located in an atypical place — in the liver gates, which is a rare finding. The article is illustrated with original computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and radionuclide studies scans.
An Improved Weight Optimization of Hybrid Machine Learning Models for Forecasting Daily PM2.5 Concentration
Authors: Ratchagit Manlika
Published: September 2024

PM2.5 is an air pollutant primarily produced by human activities, including the combustion of fossil fuels, industrial emissions, vehicle exhaust, and more. This issue has emerged as a substantial global concern, particularly in Thailand, where the levels of PM2.5 during the summer season have reached hazardous levels. PM2.5 forecasting is a widely discussed subject that raises awareness and safeguards individuals against pollution. The novelty of this paper is to estimate the weight of linear and nonlinear hybrid models using a differential evolution algorithm. This approach is used for the minimization of the objective function based on hybrid procedures. The data utilized in this study consists of the daily mean PM2.5 concentration (micrograms per cubic meter) obtained from the Pollution Control Department, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Thailand. The data covers the period from January 2014 to June 2023, encompassing a total of 3,468 observations. Three well-known machine learning approaches, namely the artificial neural network, the long short-term memory, and the convolutional neural network, are employed. We then combined the predicted PM2.5 obtained from the single machine learning model using linear and nonlinear hybrid procedures. The differential evolution algorithm is utilized to estimate the weight of the hybrid techniques for both scenarios and compare it with state-of-the-art weight approximation. The criteria for evaluating the performance of various hybrid approaches are the performance metrics: the mean absolute error and the median absolute error. The findings of this paper indicate that using a differential evolution algorithm for weight optimization in hybrid procedures outperforms state-of-the-art weight approaches for both linear and nonlinear hybrid models in terms of performance metrics.
Super Metric Space and Fixed Point Results
Authors: Sihag Monika , Kumar Pardeep , Hooda Nawneet
Published: September 2024

Banach contraction principle is the beginning of the Metric fixed point theory. This principle gives existence and uniqueness of fixed points and methods for obtaining approximate fixed points. It is the basic tool of finding fixed points of all contraction type maps. It has a constructive proof which makes the theorem worthy because it yields an algorithm for computing a fixed point. Banach fixed point result has been extended by various authors in many directions either by weakening the conditions of contraction mapping or by changing the abstract structure. Several generalizations and extensions of metric spaces have been introduced. Among these, the prominent extensions are b-metric space, fuzzy metric space, partial metric space and a lot more of their combinations. In particular, a new structure namely Super metric space is introduced. In the present paper, we generalize and extend the fixed point results of fixed point theory in literature in the framework of super metric space.
Reconceptualization of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated gastritis
Authors: Deng Ying-Fang , Cui Xian-Shu , Wang Liang
Published: September 2024

In recent years, with the extensive application of immunotherapy in clinical practice, it has achieved encouraging therapeutic effects. While enhancing clinical efficacy, however, it can also cause autoimmune damage, triggering immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Reports of immunotherapy-induced gastritis have been increasing annually, but due to its atypical clinical symptoms, early diag-nosis poses a certain challenge. Furthermore, it can lead to severe complications such as gastric bleeding, elevating the risk of adverse outcomes for solid tumor patients if immunotherapy is interrupted. Therefore, gaining a thorough understanding of the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria, and treatment of immune-related gastritis is of utmost importance for early identification, diagnosis, and treatment. Additionally, the treatment of immune-related gastritis should be personalized according to the specific condition of each patient. For patients with grade 2-3 irAEs, restarting immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) therapy may be considered when symptoms subside to grade 0-1. When restarting ICIs therapy, it is often recommended to use different types of ICIs. For grade 4 irAEs, permanent discontinuation of the medication is necessary.
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: Exploring the mechanisms from glycemic control to treatment of multisystemic diseases
Authors: Kong Mo-Wei , Yu Yang , Wan Ying , Gao Yu , Zhang Chun-Xiang
Published: September 2024

This editorial takes a deeper look at the insights provided by Soresi and Giannitrapani, which examined the therapeutic potential of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease. We provide supplementary insights to their research, highlighting the broader systemic implications of GLP-1RAs, synthesizing the current understanding of their mechanisms and the trajectory of research in this field. GLP-1RAs are revolutionizing the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and beyond. Beyond glycemic control, GLP-1RAs demonstrate cardiovascular and renal protective effects, offering potential in managing diabetic kidney disease al-ongside renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors. Their role in bone metabolism hints at benefits for diabetic osteoporosis, while the neuroprotective properties of GLP-1RAs show promise in Alzheimer's disease treatment by modulating neuronal insulin signaling. Additionally, they improve hormonal and metabolic profiles in polycystic ovary syndrome. This editorial highlights the multifaceted mechanisms of GLP-1RAs, emphasizing the need for ongoing research to fully realize their therapeutic potential across a range of multisystemic diseases.
Construction and validation of a pancreatic cancer prognostic model based on genes related to the hypoxic tumor microenvironment
Authors: Yang Fan , Jiang Na , Li Xiao-Yu , Qi Xing-Si , Tian Zi-Bin , Guo Ying-Jie
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies, characterized by poor prognosis and low survival rates. Traditional prognostic factors for pancreatic cancer offer inadequate predictive accuracy, often failing to capture the complexity of the disease. The hypoxic tumor microenvironment has been recognized as a significant factor influencing cancer progression and resistance to treatment. This study aims to develop a prognostic model based on key hypoxia-related molecules to enhance prediction accuracy for patient outcomes and to guide more effective treatment strategies in pancreatic cancer.

AIM

To develop and validate a prognostic model for predicting outcomes in patients with pancreatic cancer using key hypoxia-related molecules.

METHODS

This pancreatic cancer prognostic model was developed based on the expression levels of the hypoxia-associated genes CAPN2 , PLAU , and CCNA2 . The results were validated in an independent dataset. This study also examined the correlations between the model risk score and various clinical features, components of the immune microenvironment, chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity, and metabolism-related pathways. Real-time quantitative PCR verification was conducted to confirm the differential expression of the target genes in hypoxic and normal pancreatic cancer cell lines.

RESULTS

The prognostic model demonstrated significant predictive value, with the risk score showing a strong correlation with clinical features: It was significantly associated with tumor grade (G) (bP < 0.01), moderately associated with tumor stage (T) (aP < 0.05), and significantly correlated with residual tumor (R) status (bP < 0.01). There was also a significant negative correlation between the risk score and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration of some chemotherapeutic drugs. Furthermore, the risk score was linked to the enrichment of metabolism-related pathways in pancreatic cancer.

CONCLUSION

The prognostic model based on hypoxia-related genes effectively predicts pancreatic cancer outcomes with improved accuracy over traditional factors and can guide treatment selection based on risk assessment.
Recommendations for developing drug use definitions with an emphasis on real-world data sources
Authors: Motrinchuk A. S. , Pchelintsev M. V.
Published: September 2024

There is currently no established framework for conceptualizing or implementing drug use. These recommendations provide a framework that outlines considerations to be considered when developing definitions of drug use in real-world clinical practice. The structure is intended to aid researchers in understanding and contextualizing the findings of pharmacoepidemiological studies.
Problems and potential solutions to drug shortages
Authors: Svechkareva I. R. , Shilova D. E. , Baranova M. I.
Published: September 2024

In recent years, the number of drug shortages has increased both locally and internationally. The sudden and unpredictable occurrence of drug shortages negatively affects the daily lives of healthcare workers and patients. Physicians are sometimes forced to prescribe alternative treatments considered less effective or even less well tolerated. These alternatives make it more difficult for patients to adhere to treatment and increase the risk of medication errors.
Assessment of computer and statistical literacy levels among medical students
Authors: Dmitrieva N. Yu.
Published: September 2024

Objective. Assessing the level of statistical literacy of medical students in the context of the transition from clinical medicine to evidence-based medicine and the increased need for doctors who can correctly interpret data presented in various scientific sources and conduct their own research.Materials and methods. The research methods included an online survey and statistical processing of the results. Additionally, a business analysis service was used to validate the data and search for insights quickly. When statistically processing the results, descriptive statistics were used, and to compare indicators, non-parametric methods were used: Mann-Whitney and the Kruskal-Wallis test, which allow working with small samples, as well as one-way analysis of variance and correlation analysis. Confidence level of 0.05.Results. Two hundred fifty-two respondents participated in the study. The study revealed that medical students, on average, had high grades in both the computer science course (4.5±0.6 points) and the statistics course (4.4±0.6 points). The level of statistical literacy is high immediately after completing the course but decreases over several years of study. There was a significant average positive correlation between teaching GPA and ICT scores (r=0.35, p< 0.05) and a significant weak positive correlation between teaching GPA and statistics (r=0.23, p< 0.05), and an average correlation between statistics scores and ICT (r=0.59, p< 0.05). More than half (54 %) of medical students wanted to undergo more in-depth training in the field of ICT, while 35 % of medical students wanted to study programing languages in depth, business analytics tools were in second place, and 49 % of students showed an interest in the in-depth study of statistics medical specialties.Conclusion. There is a gap between students’ knowledge of statistics, computer science, and digitalization and the level of proficiency required of a specialist when entering the workforce. Its reduction is possible through students’ access to real clinical practice data throughout the entire learning process, the development of additional training programs dedicated to data analysis in medicine, and the development of a culture of working with data from the first year, including using business analytics tools and special attention focusing on competent data visualization.
Technical Efficiency Of Private Hospitals In Kamrup (Metro) District, Assam: An Application Of Two Stage Data Envelopment Analysis model
Authors: Arup Deka  , Ratul Mahanta
Published: September 2024

Healthcare resources should not be misused as such resources can save people's life. Further, avoiding excessive resource employment can help minimize production costs. In this regard, measuring technical efficiency is essential as it helps identify the resource utilization level against the output level. The present study has estimated the relative technical efficiency scores of private hospitals in the Kamrup (Metro) district of Assam. The data for the study is collected from primary and secondary sources for the year 2019. Bootstrapping Data Envelopment Analysisis applied considering two outputs and six input variables.  All the hospitals are technically inefficient; however, small size hospitals have shown better performance in terms of technical efficiency than big size hospitals.
The study has not distinguished the number of inpatients based on the resources consumption. In this context, there is a further scope to improve the study. However, this is the first attempt to analyse the performance of private hospitals in terms of technical efficiency in Assam. It will help the management of concerned hospitals to improve their resource utilisation strategy.
Predictors Of Suicidal Behaviour in Young Adults: A Tertiary Care Hospital Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Rajnish Raj  , Kriti Anand  , B S Sidhu  , K K Aggarwal  , Prabhdeep Singh
Published: September 2024

Background: Suicide has been noted as a distressing phenomenon among the society, in one way or the other. It poses a serious public health problem and requires meticulous in depth probing with all the compassion for the victims of suicide.The aim of this study is to assess the predictors of suicidal behaviour in young adults and suggest novel suicide prevention policies.
 
Materials and Methods:It was a hospital based descriptive cross-sectionalstudy conducted over 18 months amongst suicide attempters in the age range of 18 to 35 years who were brought to the Casualty and Psychiatry department of a tertiary care hospital of north India.100 consecutive suicide attempters,who gave voluntary written informed consent were enrolled. Socio-demographic profile, details of past psychiatric illness, family history of psychiatric illness, previous suicidal attempt and history of substance abuse were recorded. Psychiatric morbidity was assessed using Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) and confirmed on International Classification of Diseases 10th edition (ICD-10).Depression, Anxiety and Stress were assessed on Depression anxiety and Stress Scale-21(DASS-21). Beck Suicide Intent Scale (BSIS)was used to measure severity of suicide intent and to find out any association between presence of past psychiatric history/family history of psychiatric illness/previous suicide attempt with suicide intent
 
Results: Out of 100 attempted suicidal patients, male to female ratio was 1.44:1.Past psychiatric illness, family history of psychiatric illness, previous suicidal attempt and substance abuse was observed among 23% (n=23), 19%(n=19), 23% (n=23)and 34% (n=34) patients, respectively. 59%(n=59) patients were found to be having psychiatric illness currently. Overall Mean±SD score of severe depression was 25.64±12.36, severe anxiety (19.38±9.39) and moderate stress (24.18±8.61) as assessed on Depression anxiety and Stress Scale-21 items(DASS-21).67%(n=67) patients had high suicide intent on Beck Suicide Intent Scale (BSIS).There was positive association between past psychiatric illnesses and BSIS i.e.,91.3% compared to 59.7% without psychiatric illness(c2=18.589, p=0.001).
Conclusion: Multifactorial indicators and psychological aspects such as depression, anxiety, stress and substance abuse reaffirm its causality with high suicide intent and a forerunner for subsequent attempts.
Clinical Profile Of Severe Acute Respiratory Infection In Children Aged 1-12 Years In A Tertiary Care Centre, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Sivagurunathan Panchanathan  , Senthilkumar C S  , Sindhuja K  , Vidjeadevan D
Published: September 2024

Background: Severe Acute Respiratory Infection is a major public health problem especially among children aged less than five years. The burden of childhood pneumonia in India is around 30 million episodes of ARI and 0.14 million deaths annually. It is because of poor coverage of protection and preventive interventions in children that leads to increased risk of pneumonia. Knowledge on the common clinical presentation of children presenting with severe acute respiratory illness will help us to improve the survival.
Methods: This observational study was conducted for a period of one year in a tertiary care hospital among children aged 1-12 years. Socio-demographic details, clinical features, laboratory investigation details obtained. Descriptive statistics used to describe the variables and chi-square test was used to study the factors associated with outcome of Severe Acute Respiratory Illness.
Results: Most common symptoms were cough & cold (88.0%), fever (79.5%). Majority of the study participants had abnormal total count (57.5%), abnormal chest x ray findings (66.0%). Most of the participants were found to have bronchiolitis (25%), bronchopneumonia (24%). The factors such as female gender, preterm, participants with severe PRESS score, high CRP, and on mechanical ventilation found to be significantly associated with poor outcome.
Conclusion: Children aged 1-5 years, male, and children from rural areas found to be more in the study. In our study female children, preterm, children with severe PRESS score, high CRP and children who were on mechanical ventilation showed a poor outcome.
A Comprehensive Review Aimed At Addressing Rural Indian Women's Health Literacy Needs To Prevent Intimate Partner Domestic Abuse.
Authors: Shruti Tripathi  , Namita Singh
Published: September 2024

This article focuses on domestic abuse that rural Indian women experience at the hands of their intimate partners, a problem exacerbated by the women's lack of health literacy.Our focus is on increasing the health literacy of rural women so that they can more easily understand the long-term health effects of domestic abuse by intimate partners.
Objective-Our goal in doing this systematic review study is to determine whether increasing health literacy among rural women can prevent domestic abuse and increase their ability to defend themselves.
Study design- This study design involves qualitative synthesis to conduct systematic review.
Methods- We reviewed the published material in an all-inclusive, methodical manner.
Results- Raising women's health literacy can aid in halting the psychological and physical harm that domestic abuse inflicts on rural women.
Conclusion- Enhancing the health literacy of rural women can contribute to the greater social endeavor to stop and deal with domestic abuse.
Ev Temelli Koçluk Uygulamalarının Doğal Dil Öğretimi Stratejileri ve Çocuk Çıktıları Üzerindeki Etkileri
Authors: Rakap Salih , Balıkcı Serife , Gülboy Emrah , Kalkan Sinan
Published: September 2024

Dil, konuşma ve iletişim becerilerinin erken yaşlardan itibaren gelişimsel dönemlere uygun olarak kazanılması çocukların bağımsız olarak yaşamlarını sürdürebilmeleri açısından oldukça önemlidir. Bu alanlarda yaşanan gecikmelerin olumsuz etkilerini ortadan kaldırmak ya da hafifletmek amacıyla, çocukların dil, konuşma ve iletişim becerilerini geliştirmeye odaklı kanıt temelli müdahaleleri içeren erken müdahale programlarının mümkün olduğu kadar erken yaşlarda sunulması oldukça önemlidir. Erken müdahale programlarının hedeflenen çocuk çıktılarına ulaşabilmesi için kanıta dayalı uygulamaların yüksek uygulama güvenirliğiyle uygulanması gerekir. Bu bağlamda öğretmenler ve ebeveynlerin koçluk ya da mentörlük gibi uygulama destekleri yardımıyla desteklenmeleri üretilen bilginin uygulama ortamlarında kullanılması sağlar. Bu çalışmanın amacı, eğitim oturumunu takiben ev temelli koçluk desteği içeren aile eğitim programının bir özel gereksinimli çocuk annesinin doğal dil öğretimi (DDÖ) stratejilerini doğru uygulama becerilerini edinmesi ve anne tarafından sunulan DDÖ’nün özel gereksinimli küçük bir çocuğun ifade edici dil becerileri üzerindeki etkilerinin incelenmesidir. Araştırmaya bir anne ve dil konuşma yetersizliği olan çocuğu katılmıştır. Araştırmada tek-denekli deneysel desenlerden davranışlar arası çoklu başlama deseni kullanılmıştır. Bulgular eğitim oturumları ardından sunulan ev temelli koçluk desteği içeren aile eğitim programı annenin DDÖ stratejileri olan model olma, talep etme, bekleme süreli öğretim ve fırsat öğretimini uygulama becerilerini edinmesinde, korumasında ve genellemesinde etkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Bunun yanı sıra bulgular anne tarafından sunulan DDÖ stratejilerinin çocuğunun kullandığı sözcüklerdeki ortalama sözce uzunluğunu, farklı sözcük sayısını ve toplam sözcük sayısını artırmada etkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Çalışmanın bulguları alanyazınla karşılaştırılmış ve ileri araştırmalara yönelik öneriler sunulmuştur.
İlkokullar İçin Problem Çözme Ölçeği’nin Geçerlik ve Güvenilirlik Çalışması
Authors: Değirmenci Tuğçe , Deringöl Yasemin
Published: September 2024

Bu çalışmanın amacı, ilkokul öğrencilerinin problem çözmelerini ölçmek için İlkokullar İçin Problem Çözme Ölçeği’ni geliştirmektir. Geliştirilen bu ölçek için yurt içi ve yurt dışı alan yazınında yer alan her yaş ve seviyeye uygun problem çözme ölçekleri incelenmiş ve çeşitli sınıflandırmalar yapılmıştır. Literatürde yer alan tüm çalışmalar incelendikten sonra oluşturulan ifadeler ile ölçek geliştirme süreçlerine başlanmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 2022-2023 eğitim öğretim yılında 3. ve 4.sınıflarda öğrenim görmekte olan 865 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Ölçeğin yapı geçerliğini incelemek için Açımlayıcı ve Doğrulayıcı Faktör analizleri yapılmıştır. Açımlayıcı faktör analizi kapsamında 16 maddelik ölçek 3 faktör altında toplanmıştır. Faktörler; problem çözmede öz değerlendirme, problem çözme bilgisi ve problem çözmede üstbiliş olarak belirlenmiştir. Ölçeğin 3 faktörlü yapıcı doğrulayıcı faktör analiziyle de doğrulanmıştır. Çalışmanın madde uyum indekslerinin tamamı .90 ve üzerinde bulunmuştur. Bu çalışmadan elde edilen bulgular ışığında İlkokullar İçin Problem Çözme Ölçeğinin 3. ve 4.sınıf öğrencilerinin problem çözmelerini belirlemek için kullanılabilecek geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğu saptanmıştır.
Matematik Eğitimi Alanında 2017-2021 Yılları Arasında Türkiye’de Yapılan Lisansüstü Tezlerin Araştırma Eğilimleri
Authors: Çelik Betül , Eroğlu Tuğçem , Sarı Uzun Meltem
Published: September 2024

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’ de 2017-2021 yılları arasında matematik eğitimi alanında yayınlanmış olan yüksek lisans ve doktora tezlerinin araştırma eğilimleri incelenmiştir. Bu kapsamda matematik eğitimi alanında hazırlanmış ve 1 Ocak 2022 tarihi itibariyle YÖK Ulusal Tez Merkezi’nde tam metin olarak ulaşılabilen toplam 710 tez; yıl, tür, yöntem, matematik konuları ve araştırma konuları gibi kategorilere göre incelenmiştir. Tezlerin incelenmesinde araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanmış olan tez inceleme formu kullanılmıştır. Nitel yaklaşımla yürütülen çalışmada, doküman incelemesi yapılmış ve verilerin analizi için içerik analizi yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, 710 tezden 588’inin yüksek lisans, 122’sinin ise doktora tezi olduğu görülmüştür. Tezlerin yıllara göre dağılımında, tez sayısının en çok 2019 yılında olduğu ve tezlerde hedef kitle olarak en çok 7. sınıf öğrencileriyle çalışıldığı belirlenmiştir. Tezlerde çoğunlukla nitel araştırma yaklaşımı tercih edilmiş ve örnek olay araştırma deseni kullanılmıştır. En çok kullanılan veri toplama tekniği doküman incelemesi olmuştur. Tezlere bakıldığında çalışmaların ortaokul matematik konularında yoğunlaştığı ve en çok çalışmanın sayılar ve işlemler konusunda yapıldığı görülmüştür. Beceri ve yetenek kategorisinde ise en çok akademik başarı, düşünme becerileri ve problem çözme üzerine çalışılmıştır. Tezlerde kullanılan öğretim yöntemleri arasında teknoloji-bilgisayar destekli çalışmalar öne çıkmıştır. Tezlerden 124’ünde teorik çerçeve olarak belli bir kuram-yaklaşıma yer verildiği ve ilk üç sırada teorik çerçeve olarak pedagojik alan bilgisi, yapılandırmacılık ve Van Hiele geometrik düşünme düzeylerinin yer aldığı görülmüştür. Çalışmalar ağırlıklı olarak bilişsel boyuta yönelik olsa da duyuşsal boyutun yer aldığı 176 çalışmada en çok tutum üzerine çalışıldığı ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu çalışmanın matematik eğitimi alanında son beş yılda yapılan lisansüstü tezlerin eğilimini ortaya koyarak, bundan sonra yapılacak çalışmalara yön göstermesi beklenmektedir.