bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anisotropic induced polarization modeling with neural networks and effective medium theory
Authors: Bérubé Charles L. , Gagnon Jean-Luc
Published: November 2024

Interpreting 3D induced polarization (IP) data requires rock-physics models that reflect the omnipresent anisotropy of the earth’s crust. The generalized effective medium theory of induced polarization (GEMTIP) can model the IP signatures of rocks with polarizable mineral inclusions. However, it is computationally demanding because it requires numerically solving the depolarization tensors of each inclusion. We aim to streamline GEMTIP simulations by (1) integrating the anisotropic background conductivity and triaxial ellipsoidal inclusions in the model and (2) estimating the depolarization tensors with a neural network. We validate the neural network predictions against the known solutions for spherical and spheroidal inclusions, and we test our method using data from an actual rock sample. The neural network indicates a relative sensitivity of 56% to the inclusion shape and 44% to the host rock anisotropy and is up to 100,000 times faster than numerical integration. We release the pretrained neural network implementation as an open-source Python package, thereby providing a new method to interpret the IP signatures of anisotropic rocks.
Detection of suicidality from medical text using privacy-preserving large language models
Authors: Wiest Isabella Catharina , Verhees Falk Gerrik , Ferber Dyke , Zhu Jiefu , Bauer Michael , Lewitzka Ute , Pfennig Andrea , Mikolas Pavol , Kather Jakob Nikolas
Published: November 2024

Background

Attempts to use artificial intelligence (AI) in psychiatric disorders show moderate success, highlighting the potential of incorporating information from clinical assessments to improve the models. This study focuses on using large language models (LLMs) to detect suicide risk from medical text in psychiatric care.

Aims

To extract information about suicidality status from the admission notes in electronic health records (EHRs) using privacy-sensitive, locally hosted LLMs, specifically evaluating the efficacy of Llama-2 models.

Method

We compared the performance of several variants of the open source LLM Llama-2 in extracting suicidality status from 100 psychiatric reports against a ground truth defined by human experts, assessing accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and F1 score across different prompting strategies.

Results

A German fine-tuned Llama-2 model showed the highest accuracy (87.5%), sensitivity (83.0%) and specificity (91.8%) in identifying suicidality, with significant improvements in sensitivity and specificity across various prompt designs.

Conclusions

The study demonstrates the capability of LLMs, particularly Llama-2, in accurately extracting information on suicidality from psychiatric records while preserving data privacy. This suggests their application in surveillance systems for psychiatric emergencies and improving the clinical management of suicidality by improving systematic quality control and research.
Vesicular Carriers for Improved Oral Anticoagulation Competence of Rivaroxaban: In Vitro and In Vivo Investigation
Authors: Faheim Samar H. , Maghraby Gamal M. El , Sultan Amal A.
Published: November 2024

Rivaroxaban is an anticoagulant for avoidance and therapy of thromboembolic disorders. Unfortunately, oral bioavailability of rivaroxaban is compromised with dose increments. Accordingly, the aim was to test nano-vesicular lipid systems for improved oral anticoagulation activity of rivaroxaban. Rivaroxaban loaded niosomes, bilosomes and spanlastic formulations were prepared. The prepared systems were assessed in terms of particle size, zeta potential, transition electron microscopic features (TEM), entrapment efficiency, in-vitro drug release, and in-vivo anticoagulation performance in rats. The prepared vesicular systems exposed spherical negatively charged vesicles with mean particle size values between 136.6 nm to 387.9 nm depending on the composition. Rivaroxaban was efficiently entrapped in the vesicular systems with entrapment efficiency values ranging from 92.4% to 94.0%. Rivaroxaban underwent sustained release from the fabricated vesicular systems. The in vivo performance of the tested preparation revealed significant enhancement of the anticoagulation parameters. This was manifested from the prolonged clotting time, and prothrombin time. Moreover, the cut tails of the examined rats receiving the formulated nano-systems exposed a lengthy tail bleeding time compared to those receiving the un-processed rivaroxaban aqueous dispersion. In Conclusion, niosomes, bilosomes and spanlastic nano-dispersions have a potential to overwhelm the oral anticoagulation efficiency of rivaroxaban with spanlastic ranked as best.

Graphical Abstract
Magnesium Stearate Fatty Acid Composition, Lubrication Performance and Tablet Properties
Authors: Veronica Natalia , Heng Paul Wan Sia , Liew Celine Valeria
Published: November 2024

Magnesium stearate (MgSt) is a common tablet lubricant. As variations in MgSt properties are known to influence tablet attributes, the impact of MgSt fatty acid composition, particularly the significance of the stearate and palmitate contents, and its effects on tablet properties warrant further investigation. This study investigated the effect of MgSt with different stearate and palmitate contents but comparable physical properties (e.g. particle size, crystallinity, specific surface area and morphology) on lubrication performance and resulting tablet quality attributes, including mechanical strength, disintegratability and drug release. The influence of MgSt concentration and blending duration on the resulting tablet properties was also examined. Tablets produced using the lower stearate content MgSt had slightly higher tensile strength. The effect of MgSt stearate content was more apparent in the disintegration time and drug release, whereby MgSt of lower stearate content resulted in tablets with longer disintegration time and slower drug release. The lower stearate content also resulted in a lower lubrication performance, leading to a lesser reduction in tablet ejection force. As expected, a longer blending time of the tablet formulation blend with MgSt yielded tablets with reduced tensile strength, shorter disintegration time and slower drug release. Tablets with higher MgSt concentration showed a greater reduction in tensile strength, longer disintegration time and faster drug release. The study findings reinforced observations by other researchers and provided a better understanding of the fatty acid composition effects of MgSt on lubrication performance and the resulting tablet properties.

Graphical Abstract
Prenatal Maternal Stress Suppresses Embryonic Neurogenesis via Elevated Glucocorticoid Levels
Authors: Xu Shujie , Shi Junzhu , Shen Yao , Chen Xianlong , Pourbozorg Ghazal , Wang Guang , Yang Xuesong , Cheng Xin
Published: November 2024

Although it is known that prenatal maternal stress (PNMS) has a negative influence on nervous system development in offspring, there is no conclusive evidence clarifying its impact on early neurogenesis during development. In this study, we established a chick embryo model to investigate how PNMS affects early neurogenesis by mimicking an intrauterine environment with elevated dexamethasone levels. The results showed that dexamethasone-mimicked PNMS significantly suppressed the development of gastrula embryos and increased the risks of neural tube defects and cranial deformity. Using immunofluorescence staining and Western blots to evaluate the expression levels of pHIS3 and PCNA/Sox2, we found that PNMS significantly inhibited the proliferation of neural progenitor cells and that the downregulation of TGF-β signaling pathway might be responsible for the inhibition. Furthermore, immunofluorescence staining and Western blots manifested that PNMS could suppress the differentiation of neural progenitor cells to neuronal lineages, but promote them to transform into neuroglial cells, which might be due to the restriction of expressions of key genes (BMP4, SHH, Wnt3a, Slug, and Msx1) related to neural differentiation. In summary, our data reveal that PNMS dramatically impacts the earliest stages of neural development, thereby greatly increasing the risk of physical and mental health problems in childhood or adulthood.
GnRH—Gonadotropes Interactions Revealed by Pituitary Single-cell Transcriptomics in Zebrafish
Authors: Tanaka Sakura , Yu Yang , Levavi-Sivan Berta , Zmora Nilli , Zohar Yonathan
Published: November 2024

GnRH governs reproduction by regulating pituitary gonadotropins. Unlike most vertebrates, gnrh−/− zebrafish are fertile. To elucidate the role of the hypophysiotropic-Gnrh3 and other mechanisms regulating pituitary gonadotropes, we profiled the gene expression of all individual pituitary cells of wild-type and gnrh3−/− adult female zebrafish. The single-cell RNA sequencing showed that LH and FSH gonadotropes express the 2 gonadotropin beta subunits with a ratio of 140:1 (lhb:fshb) and 4:1 (fshb:lhb), respectively. Lh gonadotropes predominantly express genes encoding receptors for GnRH (gnrhr2), thyroid hormone, estrogen, and steroidogenic factor 1. No GnRH receptor transcript was enriched in FSH gonadotropes. Instead, cholecystokinin receptor-b and galanin receptor-1b transcripts were enriched in these cells. The loss of the Gnrh3 gene in gnrh3−/− zebrafish resulted in downregulation of fshb in LH gonadotropes and upregulation of pituitary hormones like TSH, GH, prolactin, and proopiomelanocortin-a. Likewise, targeted chemogenetic ablation of Gnrh3 neurons led to a decrease in the number of fshb+, lhb + and fshb+/lhb + cells. Our studies suggest that Gnrh3 directly acts on LH gonadotropes through Gnrhr2, but the outcome of this interaction is still unknown. Gnrh3 also regulates fshb expression in both gonadotropes, most likely via a non-GnRH receptor route. Altogether, while LH secretion and synthesis are likely regulated in a GnRH-independent manner, Gnrh3 seems to play a role in the cellular organization of the pituitary. Moreover, the coexpression of lhb and fshb in both gonadotropes provides a possible explanation as to why gnrh3−/− zebrafish are fertile.
Hormonal Actions in the Medial Preoptic Area Governing Parental Behavior: Novel Insights From New Tools
Authors: Pal Tapasya , McQuillan Henry J , Wragg Logan , Brown Rosemary S E
Published: November 2024

The importance of hormones in mediating a behavioral transition in mammals from a virgin or nonparenting state to parental state was established around 50 years ago. Extensive research has since revealed a highly conserved neural circuit that underlies parental behavior both between sexes and between mammalian species. Within this circuit, hormonal action in the medial preoptic area of the hypothalamus (MPOA) has been shown to be key in timing the onset of parental behavior with the birth of offspring. However, the mechanism underlying how hormones act in the MPOA to facilitate this change in behavior has been unclear. Technical advances in neuroscience, including single cell sequencing, novel transgenic approaches, calcium imaging, and optogenetics, have recently been harnessed to reveal new insights into maternal behavior. This review aims to highlight how the use of these tools has shaped our understanding about which aspects of maternal behavior are regulated by specific hormone activity within the MPOA, how hormone-sensitive MPOA neurons integrate within the wider neural circuit that governs maternal behavior, and how maternal hormones drive changes in MPOA neuronal function during different reproductive states. Finally, we review our current understanding of hormonal modulation of MPOA-mediated paternal behavior in males.
Intracellular dynamics of ubiquitin-like 3 visualized using an inducible fluorescent timer expression system
Authors: Terada Yuka , Obara Kumi , Yoshioka Yusuke , Ochiya Takahiro , Bito Haruhiko , Tsuchida Kunihiro , Ageta Hiroshi , Ageta-Ishihara Natsumi
Published: November 2024

Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) secreted via multivesicular bodies (MVBs)/late endosomes and mediators of cell-cell communication. We previously reported a novel post-translational modification by ubiquitin-like 3 (UBL3). UBL3 is localized in MVBs and the plasma membrane and released outside as sEVs, including exosomes. Approximately 60% of proteins sorted in sEVs are affected by UBL3 and localized in various organelles, the plasma membrane, and the cytosol, suggesting that its dynamic movement in the cell before entering the MVBs. To examine the intracellular dynamics of UBL3, we constructed a sophisticated visualization system via fusing fluorescent timers that changed from blue to red form over time with UBL3 and by its expression under Tet-on regulation. Intriguingly, we found that after synthesis, UBL3 was initially distributed within the cytosol. Subsequently, UBL3 was localized to MVBs and the plasma membrane and finally showed predominant accumulation in MVBs. Furthermore, by super-resolution microscopy analysis, UBL3 was found to be associated with one of its substrates, α-tubulin, in the cytosol, and the complex was subsequently transported to MVBs. This spatiotemporal visualization system for UBL3 will form a basis for further studies to elucidate when and where UBL3 associates with its substrates/binding proteins before localization in MVBs.
Acclimation to constant and fluctuating temperatures promotes distinct metabolic responses in Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus)
Authors: Braz-Mota S. , Ollerhead K. M. , Lamarre S. G. , Almeida-Val V. M. F. , Val A. L. , MacCormack T. J.
Published: November 2024

The Arctic is warming three times faster than the global average, imposing challenges to cold-adapted fish, such as Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus). We evaluated stress and metabolic responses of Arctic char to different thermal acclimation scenarios to determine whether responses to thermal variation differed from those to stable exposures. Fish were exposed for 7 days to one of four treatments: (1) control (12°C); (2) mean (16°C), corresponding to the mean temperature of the diel thermal cycle; (3) constant high temperature (20°C); and (4) diel thermal cycling (12 to 20°C every 24 h). Exposure to 20°C causes increases plasma lactate and glucose, an imbalance in antioxidant systems, and oxidative stress in the liver. The 20°C treatment also elevated fractional rates of protein synthesis and caused oxidative stress in the heart. Stress responses were more pronounced in diel thermal cycling than in mean (16°C) fish, indicating that peak exposure temperatures or variation are physiologically important. Cortisol was highest in diel thermal cycling fish and oxidative stress was noted in the liver. Gill Na+/K+-ATPase activity was also significantly reduced in diel thermal cycling fish, suggesting gill remodeling in response to an osmoregulatory stress. Exposure to a constant 20°C was more challenging than a diel thermal cycle, demonstrating the importance of daily cooling to recovery. Arctic char inhabit a thermally variable environment and understanding how this impacts their physiology will be critical for informing conservation strategies in the context of a rapidly warming Arctic.
Exertional Leg Pain in Athletes
Authors: Stokes Derek C. , Mervis Matthew J. , Cushman Daniel M.
Published: November 2024

Exertional leg pain is a relatively common condition that can negatively impact athletic performance and may pose a diagnostic and management challenge for the sports medicine physician. A comprehensive clinical evaluation is important to narrow the broad differential associated with exertional leg pain and focus the selection of the most appropriate diagnostic tests and treatment modalities in the care of these individuals. This article will provide an update on recent literature regarding the etiologies, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, workup/diagnosis, and treatment of exertional leg pain in athletes with a focus on vascular etiologies, chronic exertional compartment syndrome, and bone stress injury.
Making a Splash: A Closer Look at Early Specialization in Competitive Diving
Authors: Lenz Annika , Provance Brendan , Provance Aaron
Published: November 2024

This review article explores the multifaceted aspects of early specialization in diving, focusing on its implications for injury prevalence, performance, and mental health. It highlights the increasing trend of early specialization driven by ambitions for collegiate and Olympic success, despite recommendations advocating for diversification. Divers are at risk for acute and overuse injuries, particularly during high-velocity water entries; however, data on injury patterns, especially among elite divers and early specializers, remains scarce. Recent data suggest a correlation between early specialization and reduced rates of certain injuries among youth divers, but distinguishing between acute and overuse injuries is crucial. Additionally, early specialization may pose mental health risks, with divers facing pressures related to performance, body image, and parental expectations. This article underscores the need for tailored guidelines to mitigate injury risks and promote holistic well-being among youth divers, recognizing the complex interplay between physical and psychological factors in sports specialization.
Rock Climbing-Related Injuries: A Clinical and Imaging Overview
Authors: Miro Paulo , Miro Emily , Ho Tiffany , Feuerborn Melissa , Crawford Amanda , Schöffl Volker
Published: November 2024

The rise in popularity of competitive and recreational rock climbing, particularly following its inclusion in the 2021 Summer Olympics, has led to a corresponding increase in rock climbing-related injuries. Due to the sport's unique biomechanical demands, it often presents injuries not commonly seen in other sports. Additionally, although some injuries align with those encountered in other sports, they manifest through distinctive climbing-related mechanisms unfamiliar to many clinicians. This paper delves into 10 prevalent injuries associated with the sport, exploring both sport-specific injuries and the unique mechanisms behind commonly encountered ones. Each injury receives a comprehensive overview, detailing its clinical presentation, evaluation, specific injury mechanisms with photographic and graphic illustrations, imaging representations, and treatment considerations. This paper aims to serve as a valuable reference for clinicians dealing with rock climbing-related injuries in clinical practice.
Bolstering the Prognostic Utility of Coronary Risk Assessments with PAI: A Physical Activity Metric
Authors: NAUMAN JAVAID , MIRZAAMIN TANIA , FRANKLIN BARRY A. , NES BJARNE M. , LAVIE CARL J. , DUNN PATRICK , ARENA ROSS , WEN CHI PANG , TARI ATEFE R. , WISLØFF ULRIK
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Personal activity intelligence (PAI) translates heart rate during physical activity (PA) into a weekly score, which credits vigorous over low- and moderate-intensity PA. We prospectively investigated the association between PAI and fatal and nonfatal coronary heart disease (CHD) in self-reported healthy participants from Norway, with specific reference to improving the accuracy of conventional coronary risk assessment.

Methods

We studied 40,961 healthy adults (56% women) from the population-based Trøndelag Health Study (the HUNT study). Individual data were linked to hospital and cause of death registries. The weekly PAI score of each participant was divided into four groups (PAI scores of 0, ≤50, 51–99, or ≥100). Adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for fatal and nonfatal CHD related to PAI were estimated using Cox proportional hazard regression analyses.

Results

During a median follow-up period of 13.1 yr (interquartile range, 12.7–13.6), 3303 (3109 nonfatal, 194 fatal) CHD events occurred. Compared with the inactive group (0 PAI), weekly PAI scores at baseline of 51–99 and ≥100 were associated with a lower risk of CHD [0.80 (0.71–0.91) and 0.86 (0.78–0.95), respectively]. By adding PAI to traditional risk factors, the net reclassification improvement of CHD was 0.472 (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

PAI was inversely associated with CHD risk among healthy participants at baseline, and its cardioprotective effect persisted across diverse risk factor profiles. A PAI score >50 was substantially associated with a reduced risk of CHD. These findings have implications for improving the accuracy of conventional coronary risk assessments with PAI.
Η αισθητική της πρόσληψης στην Ορέστεια του Αισχύλου
Authors: Κόκκα Ζαχαρούλα
Published: November 2024

Σύγχρονοι μελετητές του αρχαίου δράματος έθεσαν το θεατρικό κοινό στο επίκεντρο του ενδιαφέροντός τους και ερεύνησαν τη σχέση του κειμένου με τους θεατές, τους τρόπους με τους οποίους ο ποιητής επικοινωνεί με το κοινό του, σε μια προσπάθεια ανασύστασης της αρχικής θεατρικής εμπειρίας. Ως μελέτη κοινού παρουσιάζεται η παρούσα διατριβή με αντικείμενο τη σωζόμενη τριλογία του Αισχύλου. Σε συνομιλία με την υπάρχουσα βιβλιογραφία επιχειρήθηκε να παρουσιαστεί μια καινούργια ερμηνεία της Ορέστειας, με σκοπό την ανάδειξη της δραματικής εμπειρίας των θεατών του πέμπτου αιώνα. Οι άξονες της έρευνας είναι οι εξής τρεις: η συναισθηματική συμμετοχή των θεατών, ο ρόλος του χορού στην ενδοδραματική καθοδήγησή τους, η προβολή πολιτικών ζητημάτων από τον ποιητή.
Recognizing human activities using light-weight and effective machine learning methodologies
Authors: Varadhi Keerthi , Someswara Rao Chinta , Sirisha GNVG , katari Butchi Raju
Published: November 2024

Background Human activity recognition (HAR) is increasingly important in enhancing healthcare systems by enabling accurate monitoring of individuals' movements through sensor data. This paper is motivated by the need to improve the accuracy of HAR, particularly for applications in e-health systems, where reliable activity detection can lead to better health outcomes. The study explores six prominent machine learning techniques—decision tree, random forest, linear regression, Naïve Bayes, k-nearest neighbor, and neural networks—to determine which methods can most effectively predict activities like walking, sitting, standing, laying, walking upstairs, and walking downstairs. Methods We employed these six machine learning algorithms to analyze a comprehensive dataset derived from various sensors. Each model was rigorously trained and evaluated to compare its effectiveness in recognizing human activities. The experiments aimed to identify strengths and weaknesses in each approach, with particular emphasis on advanced techniques such as random forest, convolutional neural networks (CNNs), and gated recurrent networks (GRNs). Results The experimental evaluation revealed that the random forest classifier, CNN, GRN, and neural networks delivered promising results, achieving high accuracy levels. Notably, the neural network model excelled, attaining an impressive accuracy of 98%. In contrast, the Naïve Bayes model did not meet the performance expectations set by the other algorithms. Conclusions This research effectively classifies activities such as sitting, standing, laying, walking, walking downstairs, and walking upstairs, underscoring the potential of machine learning in HAR. The findings highlight the superior performance of neural networks in enhancing activity recognition, which could lead to advanced applications in e-health systems and improve overall healthcare monitoring strategies.
Effectiveness of environmental nutrition program on student dietary intake in boarding schools
Authors: Aqilah Syarifah , Taneepanichskul Nutta
Published: November 2024

Background The Environmental Nutrition Program (ENP) as an environmental intervention offers voluntary involvement with students, but persists in exposure. This study aimed to investigate the effect of ENP on students’ dietary intake and nutritional knowledge. Methods A quasi-experimental study was conducted with a control school. ENP comprises four activities: the use of uniform food serving tools, nutrition fact displays, food and nutrition information displays, and body weighing awareness. The ENP emphasized voluntary involvement with students but persisted in exposure for over 8-weeks. Multiple passes of 24-hour food recall and validated questionnaires were used in the assessments by a nutritionist. Multiple linear regressions were performed to analyze the effectiveness of ENP. Results A total of 113 female high school students, with a median age of 16 years, were recruited. At baseline, all students had a lower dietary intake than the national recommendation. Except for the stipend, no differences in the characteristics were found among the students. The students’ carbohydrate intake and nutritional knowledge significantly increased after the ENP in the intervention school (p < 0.001). Total energy, protein, and fat intake also improved after ENP. Conclusion ENP activities effectively increased students’ daily carbohydrate intake and nutritional knowledge. Thus, ENP may be appropriate for enhancing nutrition literacy among female students. Future studies with a longer time frame are encouraged to yield sustained, favorable dietary practices.
Determinants of child marriage among rural women in the West Guji Zone, Southern Ethiopia, 2024: a community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Gelchu Shiferaw , Wirtu Dessalegn , Dheresa Merga
Published: November 2024

Background of the study Child marriage is linked with multiple maternal and child health issues. However, there is insufficient information regarding the factors influencing child marriage among rural women. Objective To identify the determinants of child marriage among rural women of reproductive age women in the West Guji Zone, Southern Ethiopia, 2024. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April 1 to May 5, 2024. A multistage sampling procedure was used to select 711 participants. The SPSS version 25 was used for data analysis. A multivariable logistic regression model was fitted to determine the determinants of child marriage. Adjusted odd ratio with a 95% confidence interval was used to assess the strength of the associations, and statistical significance was declared at p < 0.05. Results The prevalence of child marriage was 49.6% (95% CI: 0.472-0.524). Being Muslim (AOR=2.104, 95% CI =1.176-3.764), nonformal fathers’ education (AOR=2.633, 95% CI=1.135-6.109), primary level of fathers’ education (AOR=3.326, 95% CI=1.421-7.787); not exposed to media (AOR=1.56, 95% CI=1.033-2.356); living with a relative (AOR=1.592, 95% CI=1.012-2.504); not knowing the legal age of marriage (AOR=2.528, 95% CI=1.593-4.010); marital decision making by girls (AOR=.666, 95% CI=.463-.959), and poor parental wealth status (AOR=4.464, 95% CI=2.795-7.129) were associated with child marriage. Conclusion Almost one in every two women married before 18 in the study area. The determinant factors include religion, fathers’ level of education, exposure to media, living arrangements; awareness of the legal marital age, marriage decision making, and parents’ wealth status. Thus, intervention efforts should focus on these factors to increase the marital age and improve women’s prospects.
The genome sequence of the Shoulder-striped Wainscot moth, Leucania comma Linnaeus, 1761
Authors: Holt Stephanie , Sivess Laura , Januszczak Inez , Broad Gavin R. , Fletcher Chris , Wawman Denise C. ,   Natural History Museum Genome Acquisition Lab,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: November 2024

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Leucania comma (the Shoulder-striped Wainscot moth; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Noctuidae). The genome sequence spans 751.70 megabases. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 32 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z and W sex chromosomes. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 15.37 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 12,477 protein-coding genes.
БОЛЕЗНЬ ПАРКИНСОНА: ПОВЕДЕНИЕ, ПАМЯТЬ, ПАТОГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ МЕХАНИЗМЫ, ТЕРАПЕВТИЧЕСКИЕ МИШЕНИ
Authors: Amstislavskaya Tamara , Dubrovina Nina , Timofeeva Elena
Published: November 2024

В монографии изложены современные представления о болезни Паркинсона с сопоставлением симптомов и стадий заболевания с патологическими процессами в головном мозге, рассмотрены преимущества и недостатки экспериментальных моделей болезни Паркинсона на грызунах и рыбах Danio rerio. Особое внимание уделено изучению памяти и поведения при заболевании, поскольку в современной медицине эти аспекты остаются в стороне по сравнению с исследованием моторных симптомов, и как следствие - отсутствуют терапевтические подходы, способствующие улучшению когнитивных функций. Представлены механизмы биологических процессов, приводящих к значительным нарушениям в головном мозге на моделях заболевания и примеры инновационных лекарственных средств, обладающих нейропротективным потенциалом и эффектом торможения нейродегенерации. Монография будет интересна широкому кругу читателей, включая научных сотрудников, медицинских специалистов, а также магистрантов и студентов высших учебных заведений по профилю медицины, биологии, психологии.
Theoretical and methodological basis of researching the essence of international tourism
Authors: Mozolev O.
Published: November 2024

The article analyzes the theoretical and methodological foundations for studying the essence of international tourism. Considering the category “international tourism”, it has been established that it has characteristic features that distinguish it from other types of tourism. One of them is the crossing of state cordons, which is associated with the most important formalities: registration of foreign passports and visas, completion of military procedures, currency and medical control. We have identified the main features of international tourism: systematic development, sensitivity to market changes, steady changes in the supply and position of tourist services, an increase in the range of these services. International tourism is an important stimulus for the development of world trade, which leads to increased activation of international trade exchanges. Nowadays, international tourism is viewed as an independent type of international connections. Without regional cooperation, international tourism cannot develop successfully.
International tourism is a rich phenomenon that combines economic, social, cultural and environmental aspects. It has an inexhaustible potential for sustainable development, and it has connections with the rich wealth of the economy, which implies a new place in the socio-economic life of countries and peoples. International tourism has the potential to integrate, consolidate, embrace constructive dialogue, solidarity and mutual understanding between peoples. Thus, international tourism is an influx channel of “public diplomacy”.
Interpretation of cultural heritage: approaches and methods of excursion work
Authors: Hutsal Liudmyla
Published: November 2024

The article deals with the problem of interpreting cultural heritage in the context of modern society, which faces numerous challenges, including globalisation, technological changes and the need to preserve cultural values. Cultural heritage, which encompasses both tangible and intangible elements, is an important aspect of a nation's identity and history. However, in today's environment, traditional approaches to sightseeing do not always meet the needs of the audience, particularly young people who seek interactive and emotionally charged experiences.
The article offers an analysis of the main approaches to the interpretation of cultural heritage, including scientific, educational, aesthetic and socio-cultural. The scientific approach focuses on the objective study of heritage sites, while the educational approach involves engaging a wide audience through interactive elements and new technologies. The aesthetic approach focuses on the emotional perception of heritage, while the socio-cultural approach takes into account the context of cultural values and involves local communities in the process of their interpretation.
The article also analyses the methods of excursion work, such as thematic and interactive excursions, excursions using new technologies, as well as specialised programmes for specialists. The latest research by Ukrainian scholars is considered, which emphasises the importance of innovative approaches in this area.
Thus, the article concludes that an integrated approach to the interpretation of cultural heritage is needed to ensure its preservation and active use, as well as the formation of respect for cultural values in society. It is also important to involve local communities in the processes of preserving and promoting cultural heritage, which will increase their activity and awareness in this area.
Carbon monoxide poisoning: assessment and actions for nurses working in service users’ homes
Authors: Baker Edward
Published: November 2024

Carbon monoxide is a colourless, tasteless and odourless gas that is a by-product of incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons such as gas or coal. Carbon monoxide poisoning is associated with high levels of mortality and morbidity, although the symptoms of exposure are non-specific and difficult to diagnose. Historically, healthcare professionals who work directly in service users’ homes have faced a higher risk of exposure to environments contaminated with carbon monoxide. Despite improved heating engineering and greater protective legislation, there still remains a tangible risk for community nurses and service users, particularly in homes still using open fires, old heating systems and poorly maintained heating appliances. This article provides a scientific summary of carbon monoxide poisoning for nurses working in the community setting. It outlines evidence-based guidance on prevention and initial treatment actions, along with safety instructions to follow in the event of exposure to carbon monoxide.
Faecal incontinence: investigation, treatment and management
Authors: Nazarko Linda
Published: November 2024

Faecal incontinence is a hidden problem that is often under-reported, under-diagnosed, under-investigated and under-treated. Faecal incontinence is more common in women and older people. Its prevalence also increases with age. Faecal incontinence occurs because of a complex interplay of contributing factors, some of which can be reversed in primary care without the need for specialist investigations and treatment. This article explores the reasons why adults develop faecal incontinence and how to identify and treat reversible causes in primary care. It also provides information on specialist treatment and the management of intractable faecal incontinence. A structured approach to assessment and management is key in identifying problems and offering primary care for timely treatment.
Preventing future falls: strategies for success
Authors: Ramadan Francesca
Published: November 2024

Falls among older people present a significant public health concern. Community nurses, with their expertise, ability to leverage the therapeutic relationship and intimate access to their patients’ lives and daily routines, have the capacity to effect real change in this domain. Francesca Ramadan explores the contributing factors underlying falls and shares the practical steps a community nurse can take to manage the risk of future falls and preserve their patients’ independence and wellbeing.
A Study on Functional Requirements and Inspection Items for AI System Change Management and Model Improvement on the Web Platform
Authors: Moon Dongsoo , Ahn Seongjin
Published: November 2024

The rapid adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) on the web platform across multiple sectors has highlighted not only its inherent technical hurdles, such as unpredictability and lack of transparency, but also significant societal concerns. These include the misuse of AI technology, invasions of privacy, discrimination fueled by biased data, and infringements of copyright. Such challenges jeopardize the sustainable growth of AI and risk the erosion of societal trust, industry adoption and financial investment.
This analysis explores the AI system’s lifecycle, emphasizing the essential continuous monitoring and the need for creating trustworthy AI technologies. It advocates for an ethically oriented development process to mitigate adverse effects and support sustainable progress. The dynamic and unpredictable nature of AI, compounded by variable data inputs and evolving distributions, requires consistent model updates and retraining to preserve the integrity of services.
Addressing the ethical aspects, this paper outlines specific guidelines and evaluation criteria for AI development, proposing an adaptable feedback loop for model improvement. This method aims to detect and rectify performance declines through prompt retraining, thereby cultivating robust, ethically sound AI systems. Such systems are expected to maintain performance while ensuring user trust and adhering to data science and web technology standards. Ultimately, the study seeks to balance AI’s technological advancements with societal ethics and values, ensuring its role as a positive, reliable force across different industries. This balance is crucial for harmonizing innovation with the ethical use of data and science, thereby facilitating a future where AI contributes significantly and responsibly to societal well-being.
A Study on Estimating Theme Park Attendance Using the AdaBoost Algorithm Based on Weather Information from the Korea Meteorological Administration Web
Authors: Kim Jinkook , Kim Soohyun
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this study is to propose an efficient machine learning model based on five years of data for Seoul Grand Park in Republic of Korea, depending on the weather and day characteristics, and to increase its effectiveness as a strategic foundation for national theme park management and marketing. To this end, the AdaBoost model, which reflects the characteristics of the weather and the day of the week, was recently compared with the actual number of visitors and the predicted number of visitors to analyze the accuracy. The analysis showed 30 days of abnormal cases, and the overall annual distribution was found to show similar patterns. Abnormal cases required details of wind speed, average relative humidity, and fine dust concentration for weather information, and it was derived that more accurate predictions would be possible considering variables such as group visitors, new events, and unofficial holidays.
Writing Film History without Films: Song Booklets and an Archival Hermeneutic of Speculation
Authors: Iyer Usha
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT: In this article, I consider the implications of my use of song booklets—on account of the absence of the films themselves—to write a history of women’s participation in Indian cinema in the 1930s and 1940s, specifically in the area of film dance. Mapping relationships between the artifact and the film historian, the spectator-collector, the flea market scavenger, and the fan blogger illuminates the role of ephemera in producing varied histories of the moving image. Rather than bemoan or fetishize incomplete archives, I propose that they generate imaginative, self-reflexive methodologies and speculative histories keenly attuned to industrial economies and ecologies.
Abortion and La Blès : Fabienne Kanor’s La poétique de la cale , Évelyne Trouillot’s Rosalie l’infâme , and Kettly Mars’s Fado
Authors: Benedicty-Kokken Alessandra
Published: November 2024

Abstract: This article suggests that abortion in a certain genealogy of Caribbean thought in French takes place with an overlapping consciousness of both the womb and the hold— as images and as historical, embodied, and psychic realities, in slavery and “post-slavery” Africana feminist thought; abortion depends upon what Myriam Chancy refers to as “inter-subjective transmission” of what Biko Mandela Gray and Ryan J. Johnson name as “Phenomenology of Black Spirit.” The article’s analysis focuses on Fabienne Kanor’s La poétique de la cale: Variations sur le bateau négrier (2022), Évelyne Trouillot’s Rosalie l’infâme (2003), and Kettly Mars’s Fado (2008).
Pre-clinical methods to evaluate photic phenomena in intraocular lenses
Authors: Jenkins Mark D. , Alarcon Aixa , Faria Ribeiro Miguel , Rosen Robert , Vilupuru Srividhya , van der Mooren Marrie , Canovas Carmen
Published: November 2024

A new system and methodology are introduced to evaluate photic phenomena induced by different intraocular lens (IOL) technologies using a “see-through” IOL analyzer system in phakic subjects. Nineteen phakic subjects looked through the Groningen IOL Telescope type 1 (GIT1) system under different conditions. Four different IOL designs with different clinical levels of photic phenomena were evaluated by the subjects. Subjects were asked to give a subjective rating of each lens and perform a psychophysical test. The results of this study were compared to the clinical outcomes of the subjective perception of halo, glare, and starbursts of cataract patients implanted with the same IOL models. Depending on the visual test performed, a good correlation can be found between the tests performed here and the bother levels of real cataract patients. The results validate the use of this methodology to evaluate preclinical visual symptoms. The system could be a powerful tool for the design and development of new optical designs.
Magnon-mediated optical frequency comb in a cavity optomagnonical system
Authors: Lu Xiao-Hu , Wang Bao , Zhang Xiao-Long , Si Liu-Gang
Published: November 2024

Generally, optical frequency combs (OFC) are generated through nonlinear effects in optical pumping, such as Kerr nonlinearity, the electro-optic effect, and second-order nonlinearity. Here, we propose an effective mechanism for generating OFC in a cavity optomagnonical system via the nonlinearity of magnon-photon coupling. Our results demonstrate that robust OFC can be achieved in this system when driven by effective nanosecond pulses in the non-perturbation regime. Notably, the addition of an extra microwave pump field can enhance magnon-photon coupling and reduce the system’s reliance on the optical pump field. Furthermore, the number and spacing of the OFC teeth can be adjusted by selecting appropriate experimental parameters. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the quantum and nonlinear properties of magnons and pave the way for the development of OFC devices in integrated optics and photonics.
Well-connectedness and community detection
Authors: Park Minhyuk , Tabatabaee Yasamin , Ramavarapu Vikram , Liu Baqiao , Pailodi Vidya Kamath , Ramachandran Rajiv , Korobskiy Dmitriy , Ayres Fabio , Chacko George , Warnow Tandy
Published: November 2024

Community detection methods help reveal the meso-scale structure of complex networks. Integral to detecting communities is the expectation that communities in a network are edge-dense and “well-connected”. Surprisingly, we find that five different community detection methods–the Leiden algorithm optimizing the Constant Potts Model, the Leiden algorithm optimizing modularity, Infomap, Markov Cluster (MCL), and Iterative k-core (IKC)–identify communities that fail even a mild requirement for well-connectedness. To address this issue, we have developed the Connectivity Modifier (CM), which iteratively removes small edge cuts and re-clusters until communities are well-connected according to a user-specified criterion. We tested CM on real-world networks ranging in size from approximately 35,000 to 75,000,000 nodes. Post-processing of the output of community detection methods by CM resulted in a reduction in node coverage. Results on synthetic networks show that the CM algorithm generally maintains or improves accuracy in recovering true communities. This study underscores the importance of network clusterability–the fraction of a network that exhibits community structure–and the need for more models of community structure where networks contain nodes that are not assigned to communities. In summary, we address well-connectedness as an important aspect of clustering and present a scalable open-source tool for well-connected clusters.
Tolerance of free-living larval stage of a parasite from coastal mining areas in northern Humboldt Current to copper pollution at low and high temperatures
Authors: Leiva Natalia V. , Montenegro Diana , Orrego Rodrigo , Vidal Rodrigo , González M. Teresa
Published: November 2024

Metal pollution is a worldwide problem and one of the greatest threats to ecosystem integrity due to its toxicity, persistence, and bioaccumulation in biological systems. Anthropogenic pollution impacts marine organisms and host-parasite dynamics, with the northern Chilean coast experiencing elevated copper levels in marine waters and sediments due to mining activities. In this study, we assessed the effects of exposure to copper concentrations at low and high-water temperatures on the survival and longevity of the marine parasite Himasthla sp. cercariae (Trematoda: Digenea) using the snail Echinolittorina peruviana as its first intermediate host. Snails were collected from intertidal rocky pools in northern Chile (23°S). To assess parasite survival and longevity, cercariae were collected from a pool of infected snails, and their mortality was recorded every 6 hours until all cercariae were dead. In a preliminary experiment conducted at 19°C, cercariae were exposed to different copper concentrations (0.2, 1.5, 3.0, and 6.0 mg/L) for 78 hours. Cercariae showed tolerance to copper. However, at the higher copper concentration (6 mg/L), survival was negatively impacted (50%) at 54 hours. In contrast, at the lower concentration (0.2 mg/L) and in the control group, cercariae sustained a 73–90% survival rate even after 54 hours. Based on these findings, we conducted subsequent experiments involving two copper treatments (0.2 and 3.0 mg/L) and two temperatures (14 and 22°C). Survival and longevity were significantly higher at lower temperature and copper concentration (14°C and 0.2 mg/L). Conversely, at higher temperature and copper concentration (22°C and 3 mg/L), survival and longevity decreased to only 66 hours. Our results show that Himasthla sp. cercariae tolerated most copper concentrations, with vulnerability observed primarily in high water temperatures, indicating an adverse effect on cercariae performance. This study contributes valuable insights into how parasites respond to environmental pollution, in marine ecosystems influenced by anthropogenic activities.