bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Writing-to-Learn in Undergraduate Science Education: A Community-Based, Conceptually Driven Approach
Authors: Reynolds Julie A. , Thaiss Christopher , Katkin Wendy , Thompson Robert J.
Published: March 2012

Despite substantial evidence that writing can be an effective tool to promote student learning and engagement, writing-to-learn (WTL) practices are still not widely implemented in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines, particularly at research universities. Two major deterrents to progress are the lack of a community of science faculty committed to undertaking and applying the necessary pedagogical research, and the absence of a conceptual framework to systematically guide study designs and integrate findings. To address these issues, we undertook an initiative, supported by the National Science Foundation and sponsored by the Reinvention Center, to build a community of WTL/STEM educators who would undertake a heuristic review of the literature and formulate a conceptual framework. In addition to generating a searchable database of empirically validated and promising WTL practices, our work lays the foundation for multi-university empirical studies of the effectiveness of WTL practices in advancing student learning and engagement.
Editorial: NKT get the 'flu: NKT cells as (mostly) good guys in influenza; monocytic cells as double agents
Authors: Exley Mark A
Published: February 2012

Discussion on NKT as having physiological mostly (but not exclusively) protective roles in influenza, based at least partly on their suppression of excessive monocytic infiltrates.
Evidence that Contamination by Lipopolysaccharide Confounds in Vitro Studies of Adiponectin Activity in Bone
Authors: Naot Dorit , Williams Garry A , Lin Jian-ming , Cornish Jillian , Grey Andrew
Published: February 2012

Adiponectin, a hormone produced and secreted from adipose tissue, circulates at levels that are inversely related to visceral fat mass and bone mineral density. Adiponectin receptors are expressed in bone cells, and several studies have shown that adiponectin affects bone phenotype and might play a role in the cross talk between fat and bone tissues. In the current study, we determined global changes in gene expression induced by adiponectin in mouse bone marrow cells, in order to identify the molecular mechanisms that mediate adiponectin's effect to inhibit osteoclast differentiation in these cultures. The gene signature that was produced by microarray analysis was very similar to a signature produced by activation of type I interferons (IFN), and we therefore tested the hypothesis that the adiponectin preparation, although marketed as “lipopolysaccharide (LPS) free”, was contaminated with LPS that induced an IFN response in the bone marrow cells. Heat inactivation of the adiponectin preparation and the use of small interfering RNA to knockdown the AdipoR1 receptor had not diminished the activity of the adiponectin preparation to induce the IFN target genes Ccl5 and Irf7. Thus, the changes in gene expression determined in the bone marrow cultures are likely to be the result of a combination of adiponectin and LPS effects. Our study suggests that the purity of commercially available proteins needs to be verified and that experimental results of adiponectin activity in vitro should be interpreted cautiously.
Wordsworth’s “First-Born Affinities”: Intimations of Embodied Cognition
Authors: Miall David S.
Published: February 2012

In his early poetic writing (around 1797–99), William Wordsworth (1770–1850) often expressed a sense of animism: a sentience to be found not only in living beings but also in the air and in stones. Support for the underlying, psychological meaning of Wordsworth’s account is provided by recent developments in the study of embodied cognition, now taken as shaped by feelings and by our different senses, including kinesthetic and other bodily processes. Cognition extends to the environment around us in terms of affordances—ways we interact immediately with objects in the environment, and it includes the power of mirror neurons, which provide immediate, preconscious understanding of the feelings or actions of others. The new understanding of embodied cognition is discussed in relation to animistic aspects of Wordsworth’s writings, such as his account of infancy, bodily sensation, the role of feeling, the shaping powers of the mind, and empathy.
Biogenesis of iron-sulfur clusters in mammalian cells: new insights and relevance to human disease
Authors: Rouault Tracey A.
Published: March 2012

Iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters are ubiquitous cofactors composed of iron and inorganic sulfur. They are required for the function of proteins involved in a wide range of activities, including electron transport in respiratory chain complexes, regulatory sensing, photosynthesis and DNA repair. The proteins involved in the biogenesis of Fe-S clusters are evolutionarily conserved from bacteria to humans, and many insights into the process of Fe-S cluster biogenesis have come from studies of model organisms, including bacteria, fungi and plants. It is now clear that several rare and seemingly dissimilar human diseases are attributable to defects in the basic process of Fe-S cluster biogenesis. Although these diseases –which include Friedreich’s ataxia (FRDA), ISCU myopathy, a rare form of sideroblastic anemia, an encephalomyopathy caused by dysfunction of respiratory chain complex I and multiple mitochondrial dysfunctions syndrome – affect different tissues, a feature common to many of them is that mitochondrial iron overload develops as a secondary consequence of a defect in Fe-S cluster biogenesis. This Commentary outlines the basic steps of Fe-S cluster biogenesis as they have been defined in model organisms. In addition, it draws attention to refinements of the process that might be specific to the subcellular compartmentalization of Fe-S cluster biogenesis proteins in some eukaryotes, including mammals. Finally, it outlines several important unresolved questions in the field that, once addressed, should offer important clues into how mitochondrial iron homeostasis is regulated, and how dysfunction in Fe-S cluster biogenesis can contribute to disease.
Photoelectrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide at Si(111) Electrode Modified by Viologen Molecular Layer with Metal Complex
Authors: Sun Yu , Masuda Takuya , Uosaki Kohei
Published: February 2012

Photoelectrochemical carbon dioxide reduction was carried out at a p-type Si(111) electrode modified with a viologen molecular layer and [AuCl4]− or [PdCl4]2−. It was proven that the reduction reaction was mediated by viologen moiety and while CO2 reduction was dominant at the Si(111) electrode modified with [PdCl4]2− in the potential region where viologen moiety was in the first reduced state, it became dominant at the electrode modified with [AuCl4]− when viologen moiety became the second reduced state. FT-IR measurement confirmed the formation of formic acid/formate ion at the [PdCl4]2−/viologen-modified Si electrode.
Highly Selective Sorption of Small Polar Molecules by a Nonporous Ionic Crystal of a Lacunary Keggin-type Heteropoly Anion and Alkali Metal Cations
Authors: Miura Yu-ki , Kamiya Yuichi
Published: February 2012

Cesium–potassium salt of the lacunary phosphotungstate Cs6.1K0.9[PW11O39], which is a nonporous ionic solid, absorbed only water and methanol, whereas larger alcohols (C ≥ 2) and hydrocarbons were completely excluded. Cs6.1K0.9[PW11O39] selectively removed water from water–ethanol mixed gas and was reusable by vacuum treatment at room temperature.
Organizational Structure and the Limits of Knowledge Sharing: Incentive Conflict and Agency in Car Leasing
Authors: Pierce Lamar
Published: February 2012

This paper argues that conflicting incentives among managers may impede potential knowledge-sharing benefits from vertical integration. I study knowledge-based agency costs from vertical integration in car leasing, where manufacturer-owned captive lessors compete with independent lessors. Both organizational forms must acquire and integrate diffuse knowledge to accurately predict vehicle depreciation—a condition critical for profitability. Using a data set of 180,000 leases, I compare contracts of independent and captive lessors across car models, market conditions, and product life cycles. I find that managers in vertically integrated firms have conflicting incentives on whether to accurately and completely share proprietary knowledge, and show that these incentives appear to generate agency costs inconsistent with corporate profitability as managers selectively use and share knowledge for personal gain. The findings suggest that most knowledge benefits of vertical integration will be nullified when managerial interests are incompatible with the profit concerns of the firm.

This paper was accepted by Bruno Cassiman, business strategy.
Are Reservations Recommended?
Authors: Alexandrov Alexei , Lariviere Martin A.
Published: February 2012

We examine the role of reservations in capacity-constrained services with a focus on restaurants. Although customers value reservations, restaurants typically neither charge for them nor impose penalties for failing to keep them. However, reservations impose costs on firms offering them. We offer a novel motivation for offering reservations that emphasizes the way in which reservations can alter customer behavior. We focus on a market in which demand is uncertain and the firm has limited capacity. There is a positive chance that the firm will not have enough capacity to serve all potential customers. Customers are unable to observe how many potential diners are in the market before incurring a cost to request service. Hence, if reservations are not offered, some may choose to stay home rather than risk being denied service. This lowers the firm's sales when realized demand is low. Reservations increase sales on a slow night by guaranteeing reservations holders service. However, some reservation holders may choose not to use their reservations resulting in no-shows. The firm must then trade off higher sales in a soft market with sales lost to no-shows on busy nights. We consequently evaluate various no-show mitigation strategies, all of which serve to make reservations more likely in equilibrium. Competition also makes reservations more attractive; when there are many small firms in the market, reservations are always offered.
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in hsa-mir-196a-2 and Breast Cancer Risk: A Case Control Study
Authors: Jedlinski Dominik J. , Gabrovska Plamena N. , Weinstein Stephen R. , Smith Robert A. , Griffiths Lyn R.
Published: February 2012

microRNAs are small, non-coding RNAs that influence gene expression on a post-transcriptional level. They participate in diverse biological pathways and may act as either tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes. As they may have an effect on thousands of target mRNAs, single-nucleotide polymorphisms in microRNA genes might have major functional consequences, because the microRNA's properties and/or maturation may change. miR-196a has been reported to be aberrantly expressed in breast cancer tissue. Additionally, the SNP rs11614913 in hsa-mir-196a-2 has been found to be associated with breast cancer risk in some studies although not in others. This study evaluated the association between rs11614913 and breast cancer risk in a Caucasian case-control cohort in Queensland, Australia. Results do not support an association of the tested hsa-mir-196a-2 polymorphism with breast cancer susceptibility in this cohort. As there is a discrepancy between our results and previous findings, it is important to assess the role of rs11614913 in breast cancer by further larger studies investigating different ethnic groups.
Height Growth of Triplets from Birth to 12 Years of Age in Japan
Authors: Yokoyama Yoshie , Sugimoto Masako , Pitkäniemi Janne , Kaprio Jaakko , Silventoinen Karri
Published: February 2012

We analyzed the characteristics associated with the growth in height of Japanese triplets from birth to 12 years of age. The study included 376 mothers and their 1,128 triplet children, who were born between 1978 and 2006. Data were collected through a mailed questionnaire sent to the mothers asking for information recorded in medical records. For these births, data on triplets' length and height growth, gestational age, sex, parity, maternal age at delivery, and maternal height were obtained from records in the Maternal and Child Health Handbooks and records in the school which children receive health check-ups. The height deficit of the triplets compared to the general population of Japan remained between 2% and 5% until 12 years of age. Moreover, at 12 years of age, the differences of height between the general population and triplets were approximately -3.6 cm for male and -4.4 cm for female. Maternal height showed the strongest contribution to height of triplets from 6 to 12 years of age. In conclusion, triplets remain shorter than singletons until 12 years of age.
Rare Conjoined Twins / Twin Research Reviews / Twins in the News
Authors: Segal Nancy L.
Published: February 2012

Conjoined twins are rare, but craniopagus conjoined twins are rarer still. A pair of four-year-old craniopagus female twins with an unusual brain structure may offer new clues as to how the brain functions. This overview is followed by reviews of recent twin research on mothers of twins, twin transfusion syndrome, twin delivery options and twin literary themes. Relevant topics appearing in the media include twin tennis champions, twins' parallel lives and deaths, a new book for families with twins and a performance about a twin musical legend.
The Madagascar Hissing Cockroach: A New Model for Learning Insect Anatomy
Authors: Heyborne William H. , Fast Maggie , Goodding Daniel D.
Published: March 2012

Teaching and learning animal anatomy has a long history in the biology classroom. As in many fields of biology, decades of experience teaching anatomy have led to the unofficial selection of model species. However, in some cases the model may not be the best choice for our students. Our struggle to find an appropriate model for teaching and learning insect anatomy has resulted in experiments with a variety of species. In our experience, none of the available models seems as useful as the Madagascar hissing cockroach. In this article, we advocate the use of this species in laboratory studies of insect anatomy.
Science & the Senses: Perceptions & Deceptions
Authors: Stansfield William D.
Published: March 2012

Science requires the acquisition and analysis of empirical (sense-derived) data. Given the same physical objects or phenomena, the sense organs of all people do not respond equally to these stimuli, nor do their minds interpret sensory signals identically. Therefore, teachers should develop lectures on human sensory systems that include some common examples of sensory limitations, variations, deficiencies, malfunctions, and diseases (as discussed herein) because they have important implications for conducting scientific investigations, science education, and introspection that are seldom included in biology textbooks. Students need to be made aware of the human tendency to self deception in order to avoid the cognitive error of confirmation bias.
Darwin’s Error: Using the Story of Pangenesis to Illustrate Aspects of Nature of Science in the Classroom
Authors: McComas William F.
Published: March 2012

This article discusses a number of aspects of the nature of science that can be illustrated by considering the development of pangenesis, a principle proposed by Charles Darwin to describe the rules of inheritance, explain the source of new variation, and solve other natural history puzzles. Pangenesis – although false – can be used to illustrate important nature of science ideas such as the need for empirical evidence, the use of inductive reasoning, the creative component of science, the role of bias and subjectivity, social and personal influences on science, and the notion that scientific knowledge is tentative but durable, yet self correcting.
Attending and Responding to Student Thinking in Science
Authors: Levin Daniel M. , Grant Terrence , Hammer David
Published: March 2012

We present a class discussion that took place in the second author's high school biology class. Working from video data that we transcribed, studied, and analyzed closely, we recount how the question "Is air matter?" posed at the beginning of a unit on photosynthesis led to student-driven inquiry and learning. This case study illustrates what we argue is important in effective science teaching and learning: attending and responding to the substance of student thinking. We use it to articulate two reasons for attentive and responsive teaching: to help students understand science concepts, and to help students learn how to learn.
Backyard Botany: Using GPS Technology in the Science Classroom
Authors: March Kathryn A.
Published: March 2012

Global Positioning System (GPS) technology can be used to connect students to the natural world and improve their skills in observation, identification, and classification. Using GPS devices in the classroom increases student interest in science, encourages team-building skills, and improves biology content knowledge. Additionally, it helps educators meet the ISTE’s Educational Technology Standards and the National Science Education Standards while increasing the environmental literacy of their students. This paper provides suggestions for utilizing GPS technology in student-led explorations of the local flora, as well as other innovative ideas for using these devices in science instruction.
Teaching Critical & Analytical Thinking in High School Biology?
Authors: McDonald Gaby
Published: March 2012

How can critical and analytical thinking be improved so that they mimic real-life research and prepare students for university courses? The data sets obtained in students’ experiments were used to encourage students to evaluate results, experiments, and published information critically. Examples show that students can learn to compare and defend their experimental results, thus bringing them closer to real research and critical-thinking skills.
The Hummus Wars
Authors: ariel ari
Published: March 2012

Analyzing the Israeli-Lebanese hummus wars, this article argues that both the competition to make the largest plate of hummus in the world and the Lebanese effort to trademark the term “hummus” within the European Union are attempts to legalize and concretize the concept of authenticity, which takes on increasing significance under the pressures of globalization and anxiety over homogenization. In addition it argues that “authenticity” is not determined by static tradition or heritage, but rather by practice. Hummus, therefore, is Israeli so long as it is consumed and understood as such by the Israeli population.
The Mane Course
Authors: sriskandarajah ike
Published: March 2012

The small but growing world of exotic meat allows adventurous appetites a taste of the wild. But as Reporter Ike Sriskandarajah found out, game meat is vastly unregulated and sometimes illegal. He follows the trail of lion meat sold at his corner grocer to a shady corner of the meat industry. Along the way he meets with store owners, online exotic meat retailers, the United States Department of Agriculture, the Food and Drug Administration, and the Fish and Wildlife Service. Few can say where the lions come from, but all signs point to a big cat-skinning operation in a Chicago suburb. The butcher associated with it has been in the game for years and was arrested for passing off meat from endangered tigers, leopards, and ligers as legal lion meat. Tests conducted by the FDA show that he is back to his old tricks, selling mislabeled game meat. This investigation shows that we can eat almost anything—but the story behind where our meat comes from can make it hard to swallow.
Chicago's Food Trucks: Wrapped in Red Tape
Authors: dougherty geoff
Published: March 2012

Nationwide, trucks brought in $630 million last year, an increase of 3.6 percent over the previous year. However, the rise of the food trucks hasn't come without trouble. A recent court ruling held that vendors in New York City aren't allowed to park in metered parking spaces. Truck operators in suburban Washington, D.C., are hamstrung by the hodgepodge of regulations that vary from one municipality to the next. A license to cook in one city is no protection from a citation in the next. Chicago wraps food trucks in more red tape than perhaps any other major city. Food-truck vendors are forbidden to cook on their trucks—or even do so much as slice a sandwich in half. In practicality, such restrictions limit the city's food-truck fleet to the small catering trucks known as “roach coaches” that typically serve construction sites and industrial parks.
A Sweet Fragrance in Winter
Authors: banerji chitrita
Published: March 2012

This article is about the syrup derived from the Bengali date palm tree, Phoenix sylvestris, which is processed for use as a sweetener. This sweetener, called khejur gur, is an important item in Bengali gastronomy because of its distinctive aroma and flavor. References to the use of khejur gur and the date palm tree can be found in ancient Sanskrit texts. The trees are tapped in winter, between December and February, a process that requires considerable expertise. The harvested syrup (collected in clay pots suspended from notches cut in the trunk) is boiled down to achieve different consistencies ranging from liquid to solid. Most Bengali confectioners substitute khejur gur for cane sugar in making sweets during the winter months. The undying popularity of khejur gur has also given it a notable presence in the literature and culture of the Bengal region, including the Indian state of West Bengal and the country of Bangladesh.
The Heavenly Touch Ministry in the Age of Millennial Capitalism
Authors: Kim Sung-Gun
Published: February 2012

Neo-liberal globalization (also known as “millennial capitalism”) and the neo-Pentecostal-charismatic movement seem to be converging and spreading in the same areas of the globe. Against a backdrop of Pentecostal growth from its coalescence with indigenous shamanism in modern Korea, Presbyterian Elder and scientist Ki-Cheol Son, famous for his charismatic preaching and healing ministry, founded the Heavenly Touch Ministry (HTM) in Seoul in 2004. Unlike most Reformed Charismatics, he promotes the idea that God wants Christians to be successful, with special attention to financial prosperity. The success of HTM's doctrines stressing deliverance/healing and blessings hinges on two interrelated sets of factors: first, HTM's teachings, representing a collective aspiration within the contemporary Korean religious market, are effectively marketed by Elder Son, who has a keen perception of people's need for miracles; and second, the teachings work in idioms (such as “Name-it-and-claim-it!”) that are familiar and accessible to a wide range of shamanistic middle-class believers struggling for financial success in the new economic climate. It seems to me that these sets of factors make identical claims, stated differently. HTM is a product of neo-liberal globalization, and its followers represent the neo-Pentecostal middle class in the global village. This paper elaborates this thesis with reference to observations at HTM's deliverance meetings and newspaper interviews with Son.
The Occult Roots of Scientology?
Authors: Urban Hugh B.
Published: February 2012

The Church of Scientology remains one of the most controversial and poorly understood new religious movements to emerge in the last century. And among the most controversial questions in the early history of the Church is L. Ron Hubbard's involvement in the ritual magic of Aleister Crowley and the possible role of occultism in the development of Scientology. While some critics argue that Crowley's magic lies at the very heart of Scientology, most scholars have dismissed any connection between the Church and occultism. This article examines all of the available historical material, ranging from Hubbard's personal writings, to correspondence between Crowley and his American students, to the first Scientology lectures of the 1950s. Crowley's occult ideas, I argue, do in fact represent one—but only one—element in the rich, eclectic bricolage that became the early Church of Scientology; but these occult elements are also mixed together with themes drawn from Eastern religions, science fiction, pop psychology, and Hubbard's own fertile imagination.
Detection of Explosives by Hyper-Spectral Differential Reflectometry
Authors: Dubroca Thierry , Hummel Rolf E.
Published: February 2012

In the wake of the recent terrorist attacks, such as the 2008 Mumbai hotel explosion or the December 25th 2009 “underwear bomber”, our group has developed a technique (US patent #7368292) to apply differential reflective spectroscopy to the problem of detecting explosives in order to detect terrorist threats. Briefly, light (200-500 nm) is shone on a surface such as a piece of luggage at an airport or a parcel at a courier distribution center. Upon reflection, the light is collected with a spectrometer combined with a camera. A computer processes the data and produces in turn a differential reflection spectrum taken between two adjacent areas of the surface. This differential technique is highly sensitive and provides spectroscopic data of explosives. As an example, 2,4,6, trinitrotoluene (TNT) displays strong and distinct features in differential reflectograms near 420 nm. Similar, but distinctly different features are observed for other explosives such as RDX, PETN or ANFO. Our detection system uses a two dimension detector (CCD camera) which provide spatial and spectroscopic information in each of the two dimensions. By scanning (involving fixed optical equipment and scanning moving bags or parcels on a conveyor belt), the surface to be surveyed the system provide the spatial location of the potential threat. We present in this paper how our detector works and how it is applied to the problem of explosive screening for explosives at airports and mail sorting centers. Additionally, we will present the effect of the explosives morphology on the detection response. In particular we will evaluate the implication on the limit of detection of the instrument as well as discuss the sample morphology with respect to a realistic threat scenario.
Lattice Boltzmann Simulation of Transport Phenomena in Nanostructured Cathode Catalyst Layer for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Stiles Christopher D. , Xue Yongqiang
Published: February 2012

A multi-component, multiple-relaxation-time (MRT) lattice Boltzmann (LB) model has been employed to study transport processes in the nanostructured cathode catalyst layer of a prototype proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell. The electrode consists of an array of ordered and aligned nanorods that are continuously coated with platinum (Pt). The effect of spacing between the nanorods was studied. Simulation results showed that smaller spacing in nanorods leads to lower utilization of the Pt catalyst due to O2mass transport limitations. Results from the LB model were found to be in good agreement with the continuum model using the finite element method (FEM) with the same boundary conditions until the systems reached the O2mass transport limited regions, where the solutions diverged.
The Effects of Device Dimension, Substrate Temperature, and Gate Metallization on the Reliability of AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors
Authors: Ren F. , Pearton S. J. , Liu Lu , Kang T.-S. , Douglas E. A. , Chang C. Y. , Lo C.-F. , Cullen D. A. , Zhou L. , Smith D. J.
Published: February 2012

The effects of source field plates on AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistor reliability under off-state stress conditions were investigated using step-stress cycling. The source field plate enhanced the drain breakdown voltage from 55V to 155V and the critical voltage for off-state gate stress from 40V to 65V, relative to devices without the field plate. Transmission electron microscopy was used to examine the degradation of the gate contacts. The presence of cracking that appeared on both source and drain side of the gate edges was attributed to the inverse piezoelectric effect. In addition, a thin oxide layer was observed between the Ni gate contact and the AlGaN layer, and both Ni and oxygen had diffused into the AlGaN layer. The critical degradation voltage of AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors during off-state electrical stress was determined as a function of Ni/Au gate dimensions (0.1-0.17μm). Devices with different gate length and gate-drain distances were found to exhibit the onset of degradation at different source-drain biases but similar electric field strengths, showing that the degradation mechanism is primarily field-driven. The temperature dependence of sub-threshold drain current versus gate voltage at a constant drain bias voltage were used to determine the trap densities in AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) before and after the off-state stress. Two different trap densities were obtained for the measurements conducted at 300-493K and 493-573K, respectively.
Intrinsic Paramagnetic Defects in Zirconium and Hafnium Oxide Films
Authors: Schwartz Robert N. , Muller Heinrich G. , Adams Paul M. , Barrie James D. , Lacoe Ronald C.
Published: February 2012

Thin films of zirconium oxide (ZrOx) and hafnium oxide (HfOx) were rf sputtered onto fused silica substrates in an oxygen rich argon environment. Pure zirconium and hafnium targets were used, and the oxygen partial pressure was varied to control the oxygen stoichiometry. Measurement of the EPR characteristics of the ZrOx films indicated two peaks corresponding to two orientations of the magnetic field. This anisotropic response suggested the films were polycrystalline with a preferred orientation. This was confirmed by XRD pole figures. The measured g-values for the ZrOx films were less than the free-spin g-value, indicating the defects corresponded to electron traps. It was further shown that the lower the oxygen partial pressure during deposition, the larger the EPR response, strongly suggesting the traps correspond to oxygen vacancies in ZrOx. Hafnium oxide thin films were also characterized by EPR. The EPR measurements indicated the presence of a single resonance peak, suggesting these films were polycrystalline without a preferred orientation or amorphous. XRD measurements confirmed that the HfOx films were amorphous. The g-value for these films was greater than that the free-spin value, indicating the presence of possibly self-trapped oxygen hole centers. These results will be discussed in the context of prior experimental and theoretical work on these systems.
Ferroelectric and Structural Antiphase Domains in Hexagonal RMnO3
Authors: Kobayashi K. , Koyama T. , Horibe Y. , Katsufuji T. , Cheong S-W. , Mori S.
Published: February 2012

We have investigated characteristic ferroelectric and structural antiphase domain structures in single crystals of hexagonal RMnO3 (R=Y, Ho, Lu, and Yb) by obtaining various electron diffraction patterns, dark-filed images and high-resolution lattice images. In the ferroelectric phase of RMnO3 characteristic domain structures consisting of six ferroelectric and structural antiphase domains, which can be identified as the “cloverleaf” pattern, is found in the (110) plane, in addition to the (001) plane, and are inherent to the ferroelectric phase of hexagonal RMnO3. In domain configuration with the cloverleaf pattern in the (110) plane, the structural antiphase boundaries are inclined to be parallel to the [001] direction.
O papel da arte nos centros de atenção psicossocial - CAPS
Authors: Tavares Claudia Mara de Melo
Published: February 2012

Estudo sobre o uso da abordagem artística nos cuidados desenvolvidos nos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS). Fundamentado em bases conceituais da Reforma Psiquiátrica, o objeto de estudo foi abordado por meio de uma pesquisa exploratória de campo, através da entrevista com profissionais dos CAPS. Os resultados encontrados indicam que atividades de base artística são utilizadas visando a uma interação positiva com o usuário do serviço na perspectiva de sua reabilitação psicossocial. Concluímos que o trabalho no CAPS atualiza a potencialidade criativa dos profissionais e usuários, sendo a arte tomada como uma estratégia de cuidar.
Saberes práticos na formação do enfermeiro
Authors: Assad Luciana Guimarães , Viana Lígia de Oliveira
Published: February 2012

O estudo, realizado com enfermeiros do Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto, se propôs a refletir sobre os saberes práticos, na formação do enfermeiro. Na construção do referencial teórico, foram muito relevantes as contribuições de Patricia Benner, Phillipe Perrenoud e Donald Shön. Do ponto de vista metodológico, constituiu-se de estudo de caso, com abordagem qualitativa; a partir de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com enfermeiros assistenciais. Os resultados demonstram que, as competências que dão suporte ao exercício profissional são construídas a partir dos saberes práticos, dos conhecimentos teóricos, da experiência de vida e da socialização profissional.
Poluição ambiental, residência materna e baixo peso ao nascer
Authors: Backes Marli Terezinha Stein , Soares Maria Cristina Flores
Published: February 2012

Estudo caso-controle, que objetivou analisar os fatores de risco associados ao baixo peso ao nascer de recém-nascidos de mães de Rio Grande-RS residentes nas proximidades da área industrial. Foram entrevistadas mães que deram à luz nas maternidades do município, durante os meses de abril a novembro de 2003. A amostra compreendeu 138 casos e 409 controles. Foi realizada análise estatística bivariada e multivariada. O Baixo Peso ao Nascer (BPN) manteve-se associado positivamente com natimortos prévios, BPN prévios, presença de hipertensão arterial durante a gestação e ameaça de aborto durante a gravidez atual. Foi possível identificar os principais fatores de risco a que estão expostas as gestantes e que interferem no peso ao nascer de seus filhos, os quais vêm somar-se àqueles decorrentes de uma maior exposição a poluentes, por residirem próximo às indústrias.
Relação EU-TU Eterno no viver de cuidadoras de crianças com AIDS: estudo com base em Martin Buber
Authors: Schaurich Diego
Published: February 2012

Este estudo fenomenológico objetivou compreender o que é ser cuidadora de criança com AIDS, à luz da filosofia de Martin Buber. A entrevista fenomenológica guiou o encontro com sete cuidadoras de crianças com AIDS, selecionadas em um hospital escola de Porto Alegre-RS, região Sul do Brasil. As informações foram interpretadas à luz da hermenêutica, emergindo a unidade de significação Diálogos "entre" o EU familiar e o TU Eterno. Os diálogos ocorrem na busca por respostas que possibilitem a compreensão do significado das repercussões e desafios ao (con)viverem com a AIDS. Revelam esperanças em mudanças, na cura e no desenvolvimento de vacina. Conhecer a importância desses diálogos, no contexto da epidemia HIV/AIDS, facultará o desenvolvimento de um cuidado de enfermagem que congregue aspectos técnico-científicos e humanísticos.
O (não)dito da AIDS no cotidiano de transição da infância para a adolescência
Authors: Paula Cristiane Cardoso de , Cabral Ivone Evangelista , Souza Ivis Emilia de Oliveira
Published: February 2012

Crianças infectadas por transmissão vertical do HIV transitam da infância para adolescência, e pouco se sabe sobre seu dia a dia. O objetivo foi compreender o (não)dito da AIDS em seu cotidiano. Após aprovação pelos Comitês de Ética em Pesquisa de três hospitais do Rio de Janeiro, entrevistou-se onze meninos(as) de 12 a 14 anos, que conheciam seu diagnóstico. A hermenêutica heideggeriana desvelou que o ser-adolescendo adquiriu a doença da mãe; ficou triste por ter familiares doentes; relembrou da revelação diagnóstica e do preconceito que os silenciavam, projetando-se como ser-de-possibilidades num movimento existencial. O cuidado ao ser-adolescendo precisa integrar as dimensões biológica, clínica, sociocultural, ética, política, assistencial e existencial.
Fazeres dos enfermeiros em uma unidade de internação psiquiátrica de um hospital universitário
Authors: Duarte Maria de Lourdes Custódio , Olschowsky Agnes
Published: February 2012

A assistência de enfermagem em saúde mental vem passando por um processo de transformação de paradigma, do modelo asilar para o psicossocial. Temos o objetivo de identificar os fazeres dos enfermeiros em uma unidade de internação psiquiátrica em um hospital universitário. Pesquisa exploratória, descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa. Na coleta de dados, foi utilizada a entrevista semiestruturada com os enfermeiros. Os resultados mostram a apreensão de novos conceitos que orientam a assistência em saúde mental, na qual acolhimento, cuidado integral e individual e consideração da subjetividade dos usuários, norteiam essa prática. Os fazeres dos enfermeiros estão permeados por aspectos que vão além do biológico, incluindo a família e a sociedade.
Conhecimento e atitudes de trabalhadores de um serviço público de emergência sobre adoção de precauções padrão
Authors: Paiva Maria Henriqueta Rocha Siqueira , Oliveira Adriana Cristina de
Published: February 2012

Estudo transversal realizado em um serviço de atendimento pré-hospitalar de Minas Gerais, com o qual se objetivou avaliar a adoção das medidas de precaução, por meio de conhecimento e atitudes da equipe mutiprofissional. Utilizou-se análise univariada e multivariada dos dados. Verificou-se que enfermeiros e condutores apresentaram o maior e o menor nível de conhecimento em relação às precauções padrão, respectivamente. A não adoção das medidas de precaução foi 3,76 (IC 95%: 1,48 - 9,53) vezes maior entre profissionais com idade superior a 31 anos e 6,7 (IC 95%: 1,81 - 24,75) vezes maior entre trabalhadores de unidade de suporte básico. Diante destes resultados, torna-se imprescindível implantar um programa de educação continuada para melhorar o conhecimento do profissional em relação ao controle de infecção e recomendações da biossegurança.
Política de formação inclusiva: percepção de gestores sobre processo de mudanças em Instituições de Ensino Superior
Authors: Pereira Francilene Jane Rodrigues , Santos Sérgio Ribeiro dos , Silva Cesar Cavalcanti da
Published: February 2012

Estudo exploratório descritivo, qualitativo, realizado em Instituições de Ensino Superior que ministram Curso de Enfermagem em João Pessoa-PB. Objetivou-se compreender a concepção dos gestores sobre a necessidade de mudança organizacional para se adequar à clientela com necessidades especiais. Realizou-se entrevista semiestruturada com gestores das IES e, para interpretação dos dados coletados, utilizou-se o método da análise de discurso, na vertente de Fiorin. Quatro gestores participaram do estudo. Identificou-se preocupação em atender as demandas das políticas de inclusão, inclusive na adequação de espaços físicos e na pedagogia adotada para atender os estudantes. Alguns gestores assumiram pouco preparo pessoal no atendimento à clientela com necessidades especiais, e que as instituições que representavam não dispunham de trabalho logístico eficiente e compatível com as propostas de inclusão preconizadas pela legislação vigente. Conclui-se que o processo de mudanças estruturais e pedagógicas se constrói de maneira lenta e gradual, requerendo atuação de gestores qualificados e comprometidos em executar, civil e legalmente, políticas de inclusão direcionadas a essa clientela.
Significado da profissão para alunos que ingressam na graduação em Enfermagem
Authors: Spindola Thelma , Santiago Maria Madalena de Andrade , Martins Elizabeth Rose da Costa , Francisco Marcio Tadeu Ribeiro
Published: February 2012

Estudo qualitativo que objetivou descrever o significado da profissão para estudantes do primeiro período do curso de graduação em Enfermagem. Um roteiro estruturado foi aplicado a 33 alunos de uma universidade pública do Rio de Janeiro, em 2006. Todos os princípios éticos foram respeitados. A análise temática das descrições revelou que, ao ingressar na profissão, o discente percebe o enfermeiro como o profissional que cuida dos clientes, numa visão restrita ao cuidado assistencial, e associa sua prática a situações de dedicação, cuidado e amor. Esclarecer estudantes do nível médio sobre a Enfermagem, o mercado de trabalho e as áreas de atuação do enfermeiro poderia estimular a busca pela profissão de pessoas conscientes quanto a sua opção.
Cuidado de enfermagem ao cliente com hipertensão: uma revisão bibliográfica
Authors: Moura Denizielle de Jesus Moreira , Bezerra Sara Taciana Firmino , Moreira Thereza Maria Magalhães , Fialho Ana Virgínia de Melo
Published: February 2012

O estudo objetivou identificar as práticas de cuidado de enfermagem ao hipertenso nas produções científicas dos últimos dez anos. Realizou-se um estudo bibliográfico, utilizando, por meio da BIREME, as bases LILACS, SciELO e BDENF, com seleção de trinta artigos. Os resultados estão expostos em quadros, tabelas e gráficos, onde predominou a consulta de enfermagem como prática mais utilizada nas produções, por meio da Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem e a Educação em Saúde com abordagens individuais, além de visitas domiciliárias na abordagem familiar. Acredita-se que a sistematização, na organização do cuidado, contribuirá sobremaneira à adesão ao tratamento anti-hipertensivo.
Low-level laser on femoral growth plate in rats
Authors: Oliveira Sidney Piesco de , Rahal Sheila Canevese , Pereira Elenize Jamas , Bersano Paulo Ricardo de Oliveira , Vieira Fabio de Almeida , Padovani Carlos Roberto
Published: February 2012

PURPOSE: To determine the influence of low-level laser therapy on femoral growth plate in rats. METHODS: Thirty male Wistar rats aged 40 days were divided into two groups, G1 and G2. In G1 the area of the distal growth plate of the right femur was irradiated at one point using GaAlAs laser 830 nm wavelength, output power of 40 mW, at an energy density of 10 J/cm². The irradiation was performed daily for a maximum of 21 days. The same procedure was done in G2, but the probe was turned off. Five animals in each group were euthanized on days 7, 14 and 21 and submitted to histomorphometric analysis. RESULTS: In both groups the growth plate was radiographically visible at all moments from both craniocaudal and mediolateral views. On the 21st day percentage of femoral longitudinal length was higher in G2 than G1 compared to basal value while hypertrophic zone chondrocyte numbers were higher in G1 than G2. Calcified cartilage zone was greater in G1 than in G2 at all evaluation moments. Angiogenesis was higher in G1 than in G2 at 14th and 21st days. CONCLUSION: The low-level laser therapy negatively influenced the distal femoral growth plate.
O movimento ortodôntico não induz reabsorção cervical externa ou O movimento ortodôntico não altera cor, volume e nem induz inflamação gengival
Authors: Consolaro Alberto , Consolaro Renata B.
Published: February 2012

Nesse trabalho, procurou-se explicar - anatômica e funcionalmente - como se estrutura e se organiza a região cervical dos dentes, para fundamentar os seguintes questionamentos: 1) Por que ocorre Reabsorção Cervical Externa na dentição humana?; 2) Por que na gengivite e na periodontite não se tem Reabsorção Cervical Externa?; 3) Por que depois do traumatismo dentário e da clareação interna pode ocorrer a Reabsorção Cervical Externa?; 4) Por que o movimento ortodôntico não altera a cor e o volume gengival durante o tratamento?; 5) Por que o movimento ortodôntico não induz Reabsorção Cervical Externa, mesmo sabendo-se que a região cervical pode ser muito exigida? A existência de antígenos sequestrados na dentina, a presença de janelas de dentina na região cervical de todos os dentes, a reação do epitélio juncional e a distribuição dos vasos sanguíneos gengivais podem justificar por que a Reabsorção Cervical Externa não ocorre e nem a cor e o volume gengival são alterados no movimento ortodôntico.
Tratamento ortodôntico-cirúrgico da assimetria facial esquelética: relato de caso
Authors: Allgayer Susiane , Mezzomo Fernanda Santos , Polido Waldemar Daudt , Rosenbach Gabriella , Tavares Carlos Alberto Estevanell
Published: February 2012

INTRODUÇÃO: as assimetrias faciais representam um desequilíbrio entre as estruturas esqueléticas homólogas da face. A maioria das pessoas apresenta algum grau de assimetria facial, pois é rara a condição de perfeita simetria. Todavia, somente quando é perceptível aos olhos do paciente, essa assimetria passa a ser relevante. Em tal condição, a correção ortocirúrgica ou o tratamento ortodôntico são possibilidades normalmente adotadas. OBJETIVO: o presente trabalho, baseado em uma revisão de literatura, é ilustrado por um caso clínico cujo tratamento consistiu em cirurgia ortognática Le Fort I para avanço e rotação da maxila e, na mandíbula, o tratamento foi conservador. CONCLUSÃO: o conhecimento da queixa principal e da expectativa do paciente e exames de diagnóstico bem realizados são itens importantes na decisão do plano de tratamento e no sucesso do resultado final.
Extrações de molares na Ortodontia
Authors: Schroeder Marco Antônio , Schroeder Daniela Kimaid , Santos Diego Júnior Silva , Leser Michelle Machado
Published: February 2012

O tratamento ortodôntico com extração de molares em pacientes adultos é tecnicamente mais complexo, devido a inúmeros fatores. Em geral, o espaço a ser fechado é maior do que o espaço dos pré-molares e, por isso, a ancoragem é crítica e o tempo de tratamento mais longo. É comum esses casos apresentarem algum grau de comprometimento periodontal por causa da idade dos pacientes e, portanto, necessitam de maior controle da mecânica ortodôntica para reduzir os efeitos colaterais do fechamento do espaço. Por isso, bons resultados de finalização são mais difíceis de ser alcançados. Sendo assim, este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar as razões para a indicação de extração de molares nos tratamentos ortodônticos, as contraindicações, as diferentes fases da mecânica ortodôntica, esclarecer os fatores envolvidos nesse tipo de planejamento e tratamento e apresentar casos clínicos tratados com extração de molares.
Social infrastructure and sustainable urban communities
Authors: Brown Julie , Barber Austin
Published: February 2012

‘Mixed use’ is a solution often used to address (urban) sustainability concerns. The claim is that more compact, high-density urban developments that serve a multitude of uses and users can be socially beneficial while being environmentally sound and economically viable. In the case of the Luneside East regeneration project in Lancaster, UK, ‘mixed use’ has been specified towards the goal of achieving a ‘vibrant, sustainable quarter of the city’ and a ‘sustainable and balanced community’. In this paper, a specific dimension of mixed use critical to community sustainability – provision of social infrastructure – is assessed using a futures analysis. Providing services and facilities that meet the needs of residents, promoting social interaction and enhancing overall quality of life are vital for building sustainable communities. However, to deliver these social benefits, one of the conditions is that there is equitable access for residents, both in the new development and for the existing community. The results of the study indicate that this condition is vulnerable in several of the futures analysed. It is important for planners to take account of these findings in order to ensure the Luneside East development will meet its social sustainability objectives both now and in the future.