bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kontroverser og forvaltning – laksefiske, sauehold og hundekjøring i Nordreisa
Authors: Viken Arvid
Published: September 2024

Denne artikkelen peker på forskjeller i forvaltningen av natur og naturpraksiser i Reisadalen, Nord-Troms; laksefisket i Reisaelva og sauebeiting og hundekjøring i Kjellerskogen. Fisket er styrt av et elvelag, i Kjellerskogen gjelder friluftsloven som gir alle tilgang til området. Elveregimet er omstridt, men akseptert, mens man i Kjellerskogen har hatt en opprivende konflikt. Artikkelen peker på forskjeller med hensyn til institusjonalisering og legitimitet, som hovedårsak.
An unusual Cretaceous beetle with affinity to Anamorphidae (Coleoptera: Coccinelloidea)
Authors: Li Yan-Da , Tomaszewska Wioletta , Arriaga-Varela Emmanuel , Huang Di-Ying , Cai Chen-Yang
Published: September 2024

Coccinelloid beetles have a sparse fossil record in the Mesozoic. Here, we describe and illustrate an unusual coccinelloid beetle, Yassibum yoshitomii gen. et sp. nov., from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber. Yassibum stands out within the Coccinelloidea due to its notched profemora and the presence of antennal grooves on the elytral epipleura. Based on our phylogenetic analyses, we suggest that Yassibum is most likely related to the family Anamorphidae. The alternative placements are critically evaluated based on our comparison of the morphology.
Student loan debt and income among chiropractors: A description of consultancy data
Authors: Schut Samuel M. , Lawrence Dana J. , Bejarano Geronimo
Published: September 2024

Objective

To describe student loan debt and income of doctors of chiropractic (DC) who sought private student loan counseling.

Methods

A descriptive analysis of de-identified client records from a student debt consulting firm (Student Loan Planner®) was conducted. Data regarding chiropractic programs, cumulative student loan amounts, and current incomes at the time of consultation were abstracted. Descriptive statistics were reported.

Results

Consultations (n = 448) were completed with DCs between March 2017 and August 2023. Nearly half (44.2%) reported student loan indebtedness between $150,000 and $249,999 with another 35.7% indicating between $250,000 and $349,999. The mean student loan debt was $249,149 (SD: $82,892) with a median of $240,000 (interquartile range [IQR]: $199,507–$295,390). The mean income for DCs in this sample was $81,305 (SD: $47,495) with a median income of $75,000 (IQR: $50,000–$100,000). The mean debt-to-income ratio was 4.11 (SD: 2.93) with a median of 3.38 (IQR: 2.21–5.16). Sixteen consultees possessed a debt-to-income ratio below 1.00, whereas more than a quarter (26.3%) of consultees reported a debt-to-income ratio greater than 5.00.

Conclusion

DCs seeking debt guidance commonly carry substantial student loan debt that far exceeds their income. Our findings highlight that the student loan debt crisis includes DCs.
Comparison of mistakes on multiple-choice question and fill-in-the-blank examinations: A retrospective analysis
Authors: He Xiaohua , Zhang Niu
Published: September 2024

Objective

The objective was to compare the average number of mistakes made on multiple-choice (MCQ) and fill-in-the-blank (FIB) questions in anatomy lab exams.

Methods

The study was conducted retrospectively; every exam had both MCQs and FIBs. The study cohorts were divided into 3 tiers based on the number and percentage of mistakes in answering sheets: low (21–32, >40%), middle (11–20, 40%–20%), and high (1–9, <20%) tiers. The study used an independent 2-sample t test to compare the number of mistakes between MCQs and FIBs overall and per tier and a 1-way analysis of variance to compare the number of mistakes in both formats across the 3 tiers.

Results

The results show that there was a significant difference in the number of mistakes between the 2 formats overall with more mistakes found on FIBs (p < .001). The number of mistakes made in the high and middle tiers had a statistical difference, being higher on MCQs (p < .001). There was no significant difference in the number of mistakes made in the low tier between formats (p > .05). Furthermore, the study found significant differences in the number of mistakes made on MCQs and FIBs across the 3 tiers, being highest in the low-tier group (p < .001).

Conclusion

There were fewer mistakes on the MCQ than the FIB format in exams. It also suggests that, in the low tier answering sheets, both formats could be used to identify students at academic risk who need more attention.
The Impact of Antimicrobial Resistance on Cancer Treatment: A Systematic Review of Current Evidence and Future Directions
Authors: Lawal Olabisi Promise , Ahmed Nurain Kehinde , Ilesanmi Taiwo Ayomide , Anthony Godswill Imolele , Nwosu Samuel Nzube , Ogungbemiro Festus Oladayo , Olaide Zainab , Adeniyi Muritadoh Muritadoh , Okoye Uchechukwu Lilian , Olufunmilayo Adebiyi Mutiat , Christopher Adegbesan Abiodun , Oseghale Ikalo David
Published: September 2024

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as a critical global challenge, posing substantial implications for managing infectious diseases and impacting treatment efficacy across diverse medical conditions, including cancer. Cancer patients are often susceptible to bacterial infections due to immune system suppression caused by the disease and its therapies, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. This review examines the relationship between AMR and cancer treatment, highlighting the mechanisms through which microbes resist antimicrobial drugs, such as active drug efflux, limiting drug uptake, modifying the drug target, and inactivating the drug via enzymatic degradation or modification. These resistance mechanisms challenge the effectiveness of treatment regimens, imposing significant clinical and economic consequences. A comprehensive literature search was conducted via online databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and BioMed Central. It covered publications from 2010 to 2024 that address AMR and its effects on cancer care with specified inclusion and exclusion criteria to guide the study selection process. This study highlights the crucial need for interdisciplinary research, innovative treatment strategies, effective antimicrobial stewardship programs, and policy interventions to combat AMR in oncology settings. Conclusively, antimicrobial resistance remains a pressing concern in modern medicine, significantly complicating cancer treatment by reducing the efficacy of antibiotics, thereby leading to prolonged illnesses and hospital stays, increased morbidity and mortality rates, and higher economic burdens on healthcare systems.
Comparative Analysis of the Phytochemicals, Minerals, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of Rauvolfia vomtoria Leafs
Authors: Onobrudu Divine A. , Nzebude Chiamaka P. , Orororo Osuvwe C.
Published: September 2024

In this study, the phytochemicals, B vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and antimicrobial activities of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Rauvolfia vomtoria leaves were determined and compared. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis, mineral and B vitamin composition, in vitro antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial properties of both extracts were determined using standard protocols.  Precise analysis of R. vomtoria revealed that the moisture content of the leaves was 8.90%, ash content was 7.70% and crude fiber content was 20.00%. The carbohydrate content of the leaves was 41%, crude protein content was 17. 00% and total fat content was 5.28%. Cardiac glycosides, tannins, phenols, saponins, phytates, steroids, terpenoids and alkaloids were detected in both aqueous and ethanolic extracts. However, significantly higher concentrations of saponins, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides and phytates were detected in the ethanolic extract compared to the aqueous extract. There was no significant difference in the amount of phenols and terpenoids in the two extracts (p>0.05). The thiamine content in the aqueous extract was 0.20 whereas that in the ethanolic extract was 0.27. The riboflavin content was higher in the ethanolic extract (1.80) than in the aqueous extract (1.40). Similarly, the niacin content of the ethanolic extract was 0.81 whereas that of the aqueous extract was 0.81. There was no significant difference in the calcium, magnesium and phosphorus values recorded for the two extracts (p>0.05). In contrast, there was a significant difference in the sodium, potassium, zinc, iron and copper contents of the two extracts with the aqueous extract containing higher amounts of potassium and zinc. The aqueous and ethanolic extracts had zones of inhibition against Enterobacter faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi, Cetrobacter freundii and Shigella flexlerii. However, the zone of inhibition of the ethanolic extract against the tested organisms was higher than that of the aqueous extract. At a concentration of 10%, the aqueous and ethanolic extracts showed 87.29% and 92.03% DPPH scavenging activity, respectively. The percentage of inhibitory activity of the extracts against DPPH radical increased in a dose-dependent manner, with the ethanolic extract showing the highest DPPH radical inhibitory activity at a concentration of 50%. The results confirm that ethanol is a suitable solvent for the extraction of biologically active molecules from R.vomtoria leaves.
Effect of Nano Urea on Growth, Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Irrigated Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Rani Guriya , Prakash Himanshu , Kumari Goldee , Choudhary Saurabh Kumar , Seema  , Pathak Sushil Kumar
Published: September 2024

In the rabi season of 2021-22, the investigation was conducted at Bihar Agricultural University Sabour, Bhagalpur (Bihar), to study the effects of nano urea on growth attributes, yield and nitrogen use efficiency of irrigated wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Randomized block design (RBD) with thirteen treatments in three replications was used. Treatments involved different levels of nitrogen i.e- 0, 50, 75 and 100% of recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) along with 5% urea solution and nano-urea applied at tillering and jointing stages. The results showed that 100% and 75% RDN with two sprays of nano urea significantly improved the yield attributes like plant height, Leaf area Index (LAI), test weight, dry matter accumulation and yield. This study gave the highest grain yield of 4573 kg h-1 for RDN + two spray of urea (5%) and 4492 kg h-1 from RDN + two spray of nano urea. The present study has also shown that application of 75% RDN with nano urea resulted in the highest NUE of 10.20 kg kg-1. This means that nano-urea can be used with conventional urea without an adverse effect on high productivity of wheat.
Origin of Inhomogeneous Microstructure in As‐Cast Ti–45Al–8.5Nb–(W, B, Y) Alloy at Different Cooling Rates
Authors: Yang Guang , Kou Hongchao , Zhang Yan , Yang Jieren , Li Jinshan , Fu Hengzhi
Published: July 2016

In this work, the microstructure evolution of Ti–45Al–8.5Nb–(W, B, Y) alloy at different cooling rates in mushy zone is investigated. The microstructures including segregation behavior, solidification route, and lamellar colony size as well as microstructural homogeneity are analyzed. The results show that with the decrease of cooling rate, the solidification routes change from β solidification to partial peritectic solidification due to Al enrichment in residual liquid. The variation of solidification paths results in a non‐uniform microstructure that coarse lamellar colonies form in interdendritic regions and fine lamellar colonies form in dendrite cores. The average lamellar colony size increases significantly with decreasing cooling rate. The microstructure is the most inhomogeneous at the cooling rate of 10 °C min–1. The average lamellar colony size and microstructure homogeneity are controlled by the volume fraction of peritectic α phase.
Capillary electrophoresis method to determine siRNA complexation with cationic liposomes
Authors: Furst Tania , Bettonville Virginie , Farcas Elena , Frere Antoine , Lechanteur Anna , Evrard Brigitte , Fillet Marianne , Piel Géraldine , Servais Anne‐Catherine
Published: July 2016

Small interfering RNA (siRNA) inducing gene silencing has great potential to treat many human diseases. To ensure effective siRNA delivery, it must be complexed with an appropriate vector, generally nanoparticles. The nanoparticulate complex requires an optimal physiochemical characterization and the complexation efficiency has to be precisely determined. The methods usually used to measure complexation in gel electrophoresis and RiboGreen® fluorescence‐based assay. However, those approaches are not automated and present some drawbacks such as the low throughput and the use of carcinogenic reagents. The aim of this study is to develop a new simple and fast method to accurately quantify the complexation efficiency. In this study, capillary electrophoresis (CE) was used to determine the siRNA complexation with cationic liposomes. The short‐end injection mode applied enabled siRNA detection in less than 5 min. Moreover, the CE technique offers many advantages compared with the other classical methods. It is automated, does not require sample preparation and expensive reagents. Moreover, no mutagenic risk is associated with the CE approach since no carcinogenic product is used. Finally, this methodology can also be extended for the characterization of other types of nanoparticles encapsulating siRNA, such as cationic polymeric nanoparticles.
Buddhist Sutras and Enlightenment in Contemporary Zen
Authors: Fittipaldi Silvio E.
Published: July 2016

What is an authentic Zen attitude toward the Buddhist sutras? Popular misunderstandings of Zen perceive that Zen denies any value to the written word. Grounding itself on a lengthy discussion of the fundamental human problem (dualistic perception) and its resolution (satori) in Zen, this article argues that understanding the Buddhist sutras as merely useless or as instruments in the attainment of satori involves an inauthentic Zen attitude toward those sutras. The Buddhist sutras are, however, a nondualistically dual “Self-Expression of the Buddha-Nature.” This approach is in accord with the Middle Way of the Buddha and an authentic Zen attitude toward the Buddhist sutras.
Seed germination of Schinus molle L. (Anacardiaceae) as related to its anatomy and dormancy alleviation
Authors: Pereira Marcio P. , Corrêa Felipe F. , Polo Marcelo , de Castro Evaristo M. , Cardoso Amanda Á. , Pereira Fabricio J.
Published: July 2016

The seeds of Schinus molle are referred to as displaying physical dormancy because of their water-impermeable endocarp. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the germination of S. molle seeds as related to environmental conditions, scarification, storage time and seed anatomy. Various experiments were conducted to test the alleviation of dormancy in newly collected and stored seeds. Acid-scarified seeds incubated under continuous light at 25°C showed greatest vigour and germination. The separation of seeds by specific gravity revealed a higher germination percentage for those seeds that sank. In addition, dry storage alleviated dormancy with a remarkable increase in the various germination parameters. Overall, germination traits decreased after prolonged storage, but even after 12 months the means for germination parameters for stored seeds were still higher than those of newly collected ones. S. molle seeds remain attached to parts of the fruit mesocarp and endocarp. The mesocarp contains several layers of parenchyma showing secretory cavities. The endocarp consists of three layers of sclereids surrounding the embryo. Acid scarification strongly changed the structure of the external layers in the mesocarp, digesting parenchyma cells and removing the contents from both parenchyma cells and the secretory cavities; this improved water uptake during imbibition, which occurred only at the carpellary hilar slit. In conclusion, S. molle seeds are positively photoblastic and show physiological dormancy which can be alleviated by acid scarification and dry storage. Seeds can be stored for over 12 months without significant losses in germination parameters compared to newly collected seeds.
Values and cosmic imagination
Authors: Hepburn Ronald
Published: July 2016

I shall mean by ‘cosmic imagination’, first, the mental appropriating of objects, events, processes or patterns perceived in nature-atlarge (or ‘widest nature’), so as to apply them in articulating our own scheme of values (as we seek to establish, or to revise, these), and in our quest for self-understanding. I shall apply the phrase also to the synthesising activity of the mind in our appraising of items in wider nature itself or as a whole – whether we believe nature to have no value save what we choose to confer or project on it, or take it to have a value that sets limits on our appropriation, benign or exploitative.
Promising prospects for 2D d2–d4M3C2transition metal carbides (MXenes) in N2capture and conversion into ammonia
Authors: Azofra Luis Miguel , Li Neng , MacFarlane Douglas R. , Sun Chenghua
Published: July 2016

MXenes: potential catalysts for the electrochemical synthesis of ammonia.
Selective hydrodeoxygenation of lignin-derived phenols to alkyl cyclohexanols over a Ru-solid base bifunctional catalyst
Authors: Xu Guang-Yue , Guo Jian-Hua , Qu Yan-Chao , Zhang Ying , Fu Yao , Guo Qing-Xiang
Published: July 2016

To prepare cyclohexanol and alkyl cyclohexanols from non-fossil-based biomass, a selective catalytic process over a Ru/ZrO2–La(OH)3bifunctional catalyst was developed for the partial hydrodeoxygenation of lignin-derived phenols into cyclohexanols with yields over 86.9%.
A P2-NaxCo0.7Mn0.3O2 (x ≈ 1.0) cathode material for Na-ion batteries with superior rate and cycle capability
Authors: Shen Yanbin , Birgisson Steinar , Iversen Bo B.
Published: July 2016

The orientation of the P2-NaxCo0.7Mn0.3O2 (x = 1.0) on the electrode and its nanosheet morphology might contribute to Na ion insertion/extraction and strain mitigation.
Erfassung von Patientenübergriffen 2008–2015 in zwei psychiatrischen Kliniken: Ergebnisse und Implikationen
Authors: Müller Matthias , Olschinski Christiane , Jochim Dorothee , Feldhordt Michaela
Published: July 2016

Ziel der Studie: Analyse der Häufigkeit aggressiver Übergriffe von Patienten im Zeitverlauf.

Methodik: Gewaltereignisse wurden an zwei Kliniken für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie 2008 – 2015 erhoben und analysiert.

Ergebnisse: Die Häufigkeit von Gewaltereignissen gegen Personen nahm von 2008 – 2015 auf insgesamt niedrigem Niveau (bezogen auf die Fallzahl < 4 ‰) signifikant zu.

Schlussfolgerung: Übergriffe auf Personen mit steigender Tendenz und dabei nahezu ausschließlich auf Pflegepersonen geben Anlass zur kontinuierlichen Verbesserung von Prävention und Therapie aggressiver Verhaltensweisen.
Psychiatrische Zwangsmaßnahmen: Prävention und Präferenzen aus Patientenperspektive
Authors: Mielau Juliane , Altunbay Jasmin , Heinz Andreas , Reuter Benedikt , Bermpohl Felix , Rentzsch Johannes , Lehmann Anja , Montag Christiane
Published: July 2016

Anliegen Präventionsstrategien und Präferenzen von Zwangsmaßnahmen (ZM) wurden aus der Sicht von psychiatrischen Patienten erfasst.

Methode Teilstrukturierte Interviews mit 90 überwiegend zwangserfahrenen Patienten mit psychotischen Erkrankungen.

Ergebnis und Diskussion Aus Patientensicht könnten ZM durch ein größeres Angebot an Einzeltherapien, Verbesserungen der Personalschlüssel, Ausbildung und Kommunikation sowie räumliche Rückzugsmöglichkeiten reduziert werden. Die Mehrheit der Befragten präferierte eine – im Falle der Selbstgefährdung durch Festhalten, bei Fremdgefährdung durch Fixierung ermöglichte – Zwangsmedikation gegenüber anderen Sicherungsmaßnahmen.
Engaging South Australian local governments in the development of healthy eating policies
Authors: Matwiejczyk Louisa , Mehta Kaye , Scott Jane
Published: July 2016

Issue addressed

Local governments are uniquely placed to influence the food environment of their communities through healthy eating policies (HEPs) but very few have done so.

Methods

Using a community‐based participatory approach, Healthy Eating Local Policies and Programs built the capacity of South Australian local governments to develop and implement a HEP by leading the development of a HEP framework then mentoring local governments to develop their own local policy tailored to their community.

Results

Over a 2‐year period, 31 of the 68 local governments worked towards developing a HEP, with 14 receiving endorsement by December 2013.

Conclusions

Local governments are ready to model healthy eating practices and adopt healthy eating policy that supports the health of their communities. A HEP developed using a participatory approach and with the flexibility to be tailored to local preferences and demographics appears feasible, although the process may be lengthy. This process and outcome appears applicable and transferable to other local governments.

So what?

As local governments take up their responsibilities in promoting health and wellbeing, HEPs provide important structural mechanisms to enable councils to facilitate healthy eating in their local communities.
Swedish sustainability through a Zhang and London lens
Authors: Lindbergh Lars , Jacobsson Mattias , Wilson Timothy L.
Published: July 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to describe how sustainable development has been initiated in a country (Sweden) in which sustainable development has priority and has produced observable results – essentially, the definition and reshaping of contents (p. 107) referred to in the Zhang and London (ZL) paper, therefore adding some validity to the model.

Design/methodology/approach

The research is both exploratory and qualitative in nature and uses an in-depth case study approach to the Swedish international economy as might be reflected by ZL’s modified Porter model. Information drawn from current secondary sources is complemented by personal contemporaneous observations of individuals in the country of interest.

Findings

The task of implementing Sweden’s strategy for sustainable development is holistic, and the State has played a major role in its development. That is, sustainability is the responsibility of the Government Offices as a whole, which produces proactive programs in each of the interactions analyzed in the ZL modified model. As an aside, the country has sustained a high level of competitiveness while producing a pleasant environment in which to live.

Research limitations/implications

Limitations in the study follow the same criticisms made of Porter’ seminal treatment – (still) lack of a formal model construction (although ZL make a meaningful contribution), (still) lack of clear definitions (although ZL make a meaningful contribution), problematic research methodology (although an attempt has been made at improvement) and lack of empirical testing among others (and it is thought that this paper is a step in the right direction).

Practical implications

Insofar as Sweden might be a model for other countries interested in extending their efforts in sustainable development, observations here provide some insights into possible approaches and results.

Originality/value

The approach basically followed Siggelkow’s (2007) definition of the use of cases as illustrations, which is useful when the underlying development depends upon constructs. It follows that the association of real-world observations with theory well serves the underlying foundation and cannot help but build credibility of those concepts and theory.
Anti-money laundering law: a new legal regime to combat financial crime in Malaysia?
Authors: Rahman Aspalella A.
Published: July 2016

Purpose

Before the enactment of the Anti-Money Laundering and Anti-Terrorism Financing Act 2001 (AMLATFA), the fight against financial crime can be found in several statutes such as the Penal Code, Anti-Corruption Act 1997 and Companies Act 1965. It is generally accepted that by freezing and forfeiting the proceeds of the crime, it would give significant impact on the fight against financial crime. However, under these legislations, there were few shortcomings of the procedures on how the proceeds of the crime could be seized and forfeited. As such, the enactment of the AMLATFA is considered timely to overcome these problems. This paper aims to examine how the AMLATFA could be utilized to combat financial crime in Malaysia.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper mainly relies on statutes as its primary sources of information. As such, the relevant provisions under the Malaysian anti-money laundering laws that relate to measures for freezing, seizure and forfeiture of proceeds of the crime will be identified and analyzed.

Findings

The AMLATFA provides innovative tools for the law enforcement officials to follow the money trail, which will eventually lead to those who committed the financial crime. It also provides authorities with more powerful seizure and forfeiture measures. This is seen as a new law enforcement strategy to combat financial crime. It is believed that this approach is more effective than the traditional approach, which only punished the individual criminal but failed to diminish the criminal operations. However, it is vitally important to ensure that the effectiveness of the regime must not jeopardize the innocent third parties who could lose their money or any other proprietary interest due to the invocation of the forfeiture order.

Originality/value

This paper analyzes the new legal regime under the Malaysian anti-money laundering law that can be invoked to combat financial crimes activities. This paper would provide some guidelines into this particular area for legal enforcement authorities, academics, legal practitioners and policy makers, not only in Malaysia but also elsewhere.
The efficacy of the theory of planned behavior for predicting intentions to choose a travel destination: a review
Authors: Yuzhanin Sergey , Fisher David
Published: July 2016

Purpose

The theory of planned behaviour (TPB) considers the interrelationship between such concepts as beliefs, attitudes, norms, intentions and behaviour (Ajzen, 1991; Ajzen and Fishbein, 1975). Based on a review of academic sources, this paper aims to analyse the efficacy of the TPB for predicting people’s intentions when choosing a travel destination.

Design/methodology/approach

Surprisingly, only 15 studies were identified that used TPB to predict the choice of travel destination, though the theory has been used in other areas of tourism analysis.

Findings

Mixed results were found in the studies. Therefore, the adequacy of the TPB for predicting travellers’ intentions of choosing a destination may be questioned. However, there is nothing in the TPB suggesting that all the constructs of the model must contribute equally, significantly and simultaneously to behavioural intentions.

Originality/value

To achieve a more comprehensive understanding of the intentions in question, the TPB model may have to be extended to suit different settings. The decision-making process of choosing a destination is a complicated one; therefore, researchers’ attention should not only consider travellers’ intentions but also the direct effect of intentions on the actual behaviour.
Discrete Truncated Power‐Law Distributions
Authors: Zhu Hong , Xie Yingchao , Xu Maochao
Published: July 2016

Discrete power‐law distributions have significant consequences for understanding many phenomena in practice, and have attracted much attention in recent decades. However, in many practical applications, there exists a natural upper bound for the probability tail. In this paper, we develop maximum likelihood estimates for truncated discrete power‐law distributions based on the upper order statistics, and large sample properties are mentioned as well. Monte Carlo simulation is carried out to examine the finite sample performance of the estimates. Applications in real cyber attack data and peak gamma‐ray intensity of solar flares are highlighted.
HP1 regulates the localization of FANCJ at sites of DNA double‐strand breaks
Authors: Wu Wenwen , Togashi Yukiko , Johmura Yoshikazu , Miyoshi Yasuo , Nobuoka Sachihiko , Nakanishi Makoto , Ohta Tomohiko
Published: July 2016

The breast and ovarian cancer predisposition protein BRCA1 forms three mutually exclusive complexes with Fanconi anemia group J protein (FANCJ, also called BACH1 or BRIP1), CtIP, and Abraxas/RAP80 through its BRCA1 C terminus (BRCT) domains, while its RING domain binds to BRCA1‐associated RING domain 1 (BARD1). We recently found that the interaction between heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) and BARD1 is required for the accumulation of BRCA1 and CtIP at sites of DNA double‐strand breaks. Here, we investigated the importance of HP1 and BARD1–HP1 interaction in the localization of FANCJ together with the other BRCA1–BRCT binding proteins to clarify the separate role of the HP1‐mediated pathway from the RNF8/RNF168‐induced ubiquitin‐mediated pathway for BRCA1 function. FANCJ interacts with HP1γ in a BARD1‐dependent manner, and this interaction was enhanced by ionizing radiation or irinotecan hydrochloride treatment. Simultaneous depletion of all three HP1 isoforms with shRNAs disrupts the accumulation of FANCJ and CtIP, but not RAP80, at double‐strand break sites. Replacement of endogenous BARD1 with a mutant BARD1 that is incapable of binding to HP1 also disrupts the accumulation of FANCJ and CtIP, but not RAP80. In contrast, RNF168 depletion disrupts the accumulation of only RAP80, but not FANCJ or CtIP. Consequently, the accumulation of conjugated ubiquitin was only inhibited by RNF168 depletion, whereas the accumulation of RAD51 and sister chromatid exchange were only inhibited by HP1 depletion or disruption of the BARD1–HP1 interaction. Taken together, the results suggest that the BRCA1–FANCJ and BRCA1–CtIP complexes are not downstream of the RNF8/RNF168/ubiquitin pathway, but are instead regulated by the HP1 pathway that precedes homologous recombination DNA repair.
The mobilisation of identities: a study on the relationship between elite rhetoric and public opinion on national identity in developed democracies
Authors: Helbling Marc , Reeskens Tim , Wright Matthew
Published: July 2016

Over the last decade, the topic of national‐identity has gained considerable importance after various heads of states have made it an important political issue in the context of ongoing globalisation and European integration processes. There is also a large, mainly historical literature that has emphasised the role of the political elite in the formation of national‐identities. While this argument is widely discussed in both public and academic debates, there is, surprisingly, hardly any empirical research on this issue. We do not know whether elite positions resonate with how the masses think about these issues. We therefore set out to test this relationship by combining the 2003 wave of the International Social Survey Programme and content analysis of elite mobilisation rhetoric from the Comparative Manifesto Project. Results indicate that an overlap exists between politicians' articulation of exclusive notions about the contours of national‐identity and heightened expressions of civic and ethnic national‐identity within public opinion. By contrast, elite mobilisation along more inclusive lines appears ineffective. From this, it appears that exclusionary arguments play a more important role, at least in terms of attitudes about national‐identity, than inclusionary ones.
The NIH Countermeasures Against Chemical Threats Program: overview and special challenges
Authors: Jett David A.
Published: July 2016

Intentional exposures to toxic chemicals can stem from terrorist attacks, such as the release of sarin in the Tokyo subway system in 1995, as well as from toxic industrial accidents that are much more common. Developing effective medical interventions is a critical component of the overall strategy to overcome the challenges of chemical emergencies. These challenges include the rapid and lethal mode of action of many toxic chemicals that require equally fast‐acting therapies, the large number of chemicals that are considered threats, and the diverse demographics and vulnerabilities of those who may be affected. In addition, there may be long‐term deleterious effects in survivors of a chemical exposure. Several U.S. federal agencies are invested in efforts to improve preparedness and response capabilities during and after chemical emergencies. For example, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Countermeasures Against Chemical Threats (CounterACT) Program supports investigators who are developing therapeutics to reduce mortality and morbidity from chemical exposures. The program awards grants to individual laboratories and includes contract resource facilities and interagency agreements with Department of Defense laboratories. The range of high‐quality research within the NIH CounterACT Program network is discussed.
Congenital lateral abdominal wall hernia
Authors: Montes‐Tapia Fernando , Cura‐Esquivel Idalia , Gutiérrez Susana , Rodríguez‐Balderrama Isaías , de la O‐Cavazos Manuel
Published: July 2016

Congenital abdominal wall defects that are located outside of the anterior wall are extremely rare and difficult to classify because there are no well accepted guidelines. There are two regions outside of the anterior wall: the flank or lateral wall; and the lumbar region. We report the case of a patient with an oval 3 cm‐diameter hernia defect located above the anterior axillary line, which affects all layers of the muscular wall. An anorectal malformation consisting of a recto‐vestibular fistula was also identified, and chest X‐ray showed dextrocardia. The suggested treatment is repair of the defect before 1 year of age. Given that the anomalies described may accompany lateral abdominal wall hernia, it is important to diagnose and treat the associated defects.
Revisiting the Relationship between Ethnic Diversity and Preferences for Redistribution: Reply
Authors: Dahlberg Matz , Edmark Karin , Berg Heléne
Published: July 2016

Here, we respond to the comments raised by Nekby and Pettersson‐Lidbom on our paper Dahlberg et al. (2012, Journal of Political Economy 120, 41–76). We argue that our estimates are internally valid, but we acknowledge that the external validity could have been discussed more thoroughly.
Fear‐Driven Donations: Campaign Contributions as Mechanisms for Entrenching White Supremacy*
Authors: Krell Matthew Reid
Published: July 2016

Objective

This article seeks to test group threat theory by interacting it with two other literatures: the campaign contribution literature and the racial order literature.

Method

It tests this interaction by measuring the effect of neighborhood racial composition on campaign contributions, controlling for mean adjusted gross income.

Results

It finds that white population is negatively correlated with campaign contributions, drowning out any income effect, and using a measure of “diversity” that includes black population reverses the direction of the relationship. Thus, increasing white homogeneity appears to increase majority complacence, while increasing racial diversity leads to campaign contributions as a threat response. Contributions. (1) This study offers indirect support to group threat theory and (2) it demonstrates that campaign contributions can be a threat response.
Identification of the novel HLA‐B*15:02:11 allele in a Chinese individual
Authors: Han B. , Hu B. , Feng Z.‐H. , Pang S.‐T.
Published: July 2016

The novel allele B*15:02:11, was identified in a Chinese individual by sequence‐based typing.
Factors in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Predicting the Needs for Insulin Therapy
Authors: Zhang Ya , Shao Jiashen , Li Feifei , Xu Xianming
Published: July 2016

Objective.To identify factors predicting the need for insulin therapy in pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Methods. A total of 1352 patients with GDM diagnosed by the 75-g/2-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were enrolled in this study. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed; receiver operating characteristics (ROC) were also drawn.Results. There was a significant difference in factors such as maternal age, pregestational BMI, first visit SBP, first visit DBP, FBG of first visit, FBG at time of OGTT, 75-g OGTT glucose value (fasting, after 1 h and 2 h), and serum HbA1c level at diagnosis between patients with insulin therapy and patients with medical nutrition therapy (MNT) alone. Multivariate analysis showed that higher FBG at time of OGTT, first 75 g OGTT 2 h plasma glucose, and HbA1c concentration at diagnosis lead to more likely need of insulin therapy.Conclusion. The probability of insulin therapy can be estimated in pregnant women with GDM based on fasting and 2 h glucose values during OGTT and HbA1c value at diagnosis of GDM.
The iEAR Studios Startup: Curriculum and Values in Electronic Arts Education
Authors: Rolnick Neil
Published: July 2016

When the MFA in Integrated Electronic Arts at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (iEAR) enrolled its first class in 1991, it was, as far as the author is aware, the first graduate program in the United States to focus on the electronic arts as a unified interdisciplinary field. This article recounts the process used to design an academic curriculum to help students develop the skills and the breadth of artistic vision needed to pursue careers as artists using electronic media. The article also describes the climate and culture of the iEAR Studios in the 1990s and argues that the values embodied in the studio culture played a large part in fostering the creative and experimental use of electronic media and developing artists whose work disregards traditional disciplinary boundaries.
The Mechanical Energy Budget of a Regional Ocean Model
Authors: MacCready Parker , Giddings Sarah N.
Published: July 2016

A method is presented for calculating a complete, numerically closed, mechanical energy budget in a realistic simulation of circulation in a coastal–estuarine domain. The budget is formulated in terms of the “local” available potential energy (APE; Holliday and McIntyre 1981). The APE may be split up into two parts based on whether a water parcel has been displaced up or down relative to its rest depth. This decomposition clearly shows the different APE signatures of coastal upwelling (particles displaced up by wind) and the estuary (particles displaced down by mixing). Because the definition of APE is local in almost the same sense that kinetic energy is, this study may form meaningful integrals of reservoir and budget terms even over regions that have open boundaries. However, the choice of volume to use for calculation of the rest state is not unique and may influence the results. Complete volume-integrated energy budgets over shelf and estuary volumes in a realistic model of the northeast Pacific and Salish Sea give a new way to quantify the state of these systems and the physical forces that influence that state. On the continental shelf, upwelling may be quantified using APE, which is found to have order-one seasonal variation with an increase due to winds and decrease due to mixing. In the Salish Sea estuarine system, the APE has much less seasonal variation, and the magnitude of the most important forcing terms would take over 7 months to fully drain this energy.
An introduction to agent-based modeling modeling natural, social, and engineered complex systems with NetLogo: a review
Authors: Chaudhry Qasim Ali
Published: July 2016

Book details

Uri Wilensky and William Rand An Introduction to Agent-Based Modeling; Modeling Natural, Social, and Engineered Complex Systems with NetLogo; The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts London, England (2015), 504 pages, E-book ISBN: 9780262328111, Hard-cover ISBN: 9780262731898.
Equivalent accuracy at a fraction of the cost: Overcoming temporal dispersion
Authors: Li Yunyue Elita , Wong Mandy , Clapp Robert
Published: July 2016

Numerical dispersion in finite-difference (FD) modeling produces coherent artifacts, severely constraining the resolution of advanced imaging and inversion techniques. Conventionally, numerical dispersion is reduced by increasing the order of accuracy of the FD operators, and we resign ourselves to paying the high computational cost that is incurred. Assuming no spatial dispersion, we have found that FD time dispersion is independent of the medium velocity and the spatial grid for propagation, and only depends on the time-stepping scheme and the propagation time. Based on this observation, we have devised postpropagation filters to collapse the time-dispersion effect of FD modeling. Our dispersion correction filters are designed by comparing the input waveform with dispersive waveforms obtained by 1D forward modeling. These filters are then applied on multidimensional shot records to eliminate the time dispersion by two schemes: (1) stationary filtering plus interpolation and (2) nonstationary filtering. We have found with 1D and 2D examples that the time dispersion is effectively removed by our postpropagation filtering at a negligible cost compared with a higher order modeling scheme.
UK's first Baby Box programme launched at London NHS Trust
Authors: Murphy Madeleine
Published: July 2016

Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust is the country's first organisation to distribute ‘baby boxes’ to new mothers, offering support and education around the birth of their baby.
Teacher's death sparks renewed calls for total asbestos removal
Authors: Henshaw Pete
Published: July 2016

As another former teacher dies from mesothelioma, a petition has been launched calling on the government to rethink its policy on asbestos
Volunteering, social cohesion and race: the German Technical Relief Service
Authors: Chadderton Charlotte
Published: July 2016

This article contributes to the debate on whether volunteering influences social cohesion, and argues that issues of race equality should be considered in this discussion. While the German government, like other European states, promotes volunteering as a way of improving social cohesion, discussions on social cohesion in Germany tend not to mention race explicitly, while studies on volunteering tend to neglect to explore race at all. When they do, race is simply considered a factor influencing engagement, rather than a structural issue. Employing the example of the German Technical Relief Service for civil defence, the article explores race relations and representation in Germany, where discussions on race generally remain taboo, drawing on theories of structural racism and whiteness. The article concludes that it cannot be unproblematically assumed that volunteering leads to social cohesion in an ethnically diverse society if racial inequalities are not addressed.
Health of Young Children Whose Mothers Have Intellectual Disability
Authors: Powell Robyn M. , Parish Susan L. , Akobirshoev Ilhom
Published: July 2016

Understanding the needs and experiences of parents with intellectual disability (ID) and their children is critical to ensuring that policies can effectively support these families. This research analyzed data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study to examine the health outcomes of U.S. children whose mothers have (n = 263) and do not have ID (n = 1,298). Compared to mothers without ID, mothers with ID experienced worse outcomes related to socioeconomic status, limited support networks, and poor self-reported health. However, after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, mother's intellectual disability was not associated with a child having fair or poor health, asthma, or being overweight or obese.
State Design and Use of Medicaid 1915(c) Waivers and Related Benefits to Provide Services to Children and Youth With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Miller Nancy A. , Merryman M. Beth , Eskow Karen Goldrich , Chasson Gregory S.
Published: July 2016

Medicaid is the most significant source of funding for medical services for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We surveyed state Medicaid directors or their designees regarding their use of autism specific 1915(c) waivers and other Medicaid benefits to provide services to children and youth with ASD, with a response rate of 84%. Ten states used autism-specific waivers to provide services. These waivers varied in the number of children served, eligibility criteria and services provided, among other characteristics. Issues related to the number of children to serve and the specific services to provide were perceived to be the most difficult waiver design issues, while provider geographic distribution, capacity and expertise were perceived to be the most difficult implementation concerns. States used a variety of additional Medicaid state plan services (e.g., the optional rehabilitation benefit) and 1915(c) waivers (e.g., a more general waiver serving individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities) to provide services to children and youth with ASD. Thus, continuing to examine the adequacy and effectiveness of state use of a range of Medicaid benefits, including autism-specific 1915(c) waivers is critical. Expanding the evidence base for intervention effectiveness is important as well.
Aplikasi Android pada Sistem Informasi Kalender Tanam Terpadu
Authors: Ramadhani Fadhlullah , Syahbuddin Haris , Runtunuwu Eleonora
Published: July 2016

Kemajuan teknologi informasi dewasa ini sangat pesat. Mulai dengan penggunaan telepon selular yang hanya digunakan untuk mengirimkan pesan singkat atau berkomunikasi biasa sampai dengan telepon pintar (smart phone).Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian dalam usaha penyebaran informasi pertanian, berusaha menggunakan teknologi informasi tersebut semaksimal mungkin. Salah satu contoh adalah penyebaran informasi kalender tanam terpadu, yang bukan hanya berbasis website saja, tetapi juga berbasis SMS dan Android. Makalah ini bertujuan ntuk memaparkan pengembangan aplikasi yang dapat digunakan untuk diseminasi informasi tanam terpadu menggunakan aplikasi mobile berbasis Android. Materi yang digunakan dalam penyusunan aplikasi ini tentunya terkait dengankalender tanam, yaitu standing crop yang diekstrak dari citra satelit MODIS, data hasil monitoring CCTV, estimasi waktu dan luas tanam, status tingkat kerawanan banjir dan kekeringan tingkat kabupaten, status organisme pengganggu tanaman, rekomendasi varietas dan prakiraan kebutuhan benih, rekomendasi dan kebutuhan pupuk, dan mekanisasi pertanian. Metode yang digunakan secara umum adalah pendekatan pengembangan sistem berbasis Android. Hasil akhir dari penelitian ini adalah tersedianya dan terpakainya aplikasi Android pada sistem informasi katam terpadu. Pada intinya pengguna dapat menggunakan smartphone untuk mendapatkan informasi terkini mengenai kalender tanam pertanian secara cepat. Cepatnya mendapatkan informasi pertanian diharapkan membantu petani dan masyarakat pertanian melakukan budidaya pertanian secara lebih akurat agar terhindar dari kegagalan.
Thermal bridges in vacuum insulation panels at building scale
Authors: Isaia Francesco , Fantucci Stefano , Capozzoli Alfonso , Perino Marco
Published: July 2016

In this paper a numerical analysis aimed at evaluating the thermal performance of vacuum insulation panels (VIPs) at the building scale is presented. This technology has seen considerable development over the past few years, gaining increasing penetration in the building insulation market. However, it is important to evaluate correctly the thermal bridging effect that occurs when the VIPs are coupled with joints at the building scale. To this purpose, the linear thermal transmittances of different VIP assemblies inserted in several wall configurations were assessed through a bidimensional numerical analysis. Moreover, to evaluate the influence of thermal bridges on the building energy need, quasi-steady-state simulations for a parametric building module were performed. A simple empirical model was finally built to estimate the linear thermal transmittance from basic input variables. The study demonstrates that thermal bridging effects that occur when VIPs are jointed are never negligible and they could have an important impact on the building heating energy need.