bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CONCEPÇÕES TEÓRICAS E PESQUISAS EDUCACIONAIS: OS DESAFIOS PARA SUPERAR O SENSO COMUM
Authors: de Freitas Colombo Rosa Dayane , Gall do Amaral da Silva Roseli
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this research is the theoretical conceptions of research in education, more
specifically the positivist and materialist currents of history, the objective is to reflect on the
challenges faced by students of educational research programs and / or pedagogy course in
overcoming common sense in their productions in order to discuss the marketing objectives that
legitimize the non-teaching and / or eclecticism of these theoretical-methodological conceptions.
It is assumed that the production of knowledge is a historical process that is woven into the fabric
of human existence to meet the needs of the organization of life, and is not a phenomenon
constituted in a natural and linear way without connection with the concrete movement of
history. Thus, we sought to answer the question: what challenges do we face today in the
academic production of the educational area in relation to the method? For this, the
methodological method adopted is the bibliographical research, the references of reading are
especially Comte (1978), Marx and Engels (1986), Saviani (2003/2002), Nagel (2004) and Pereira
(2003). From the theoretical methodological conception adopted, the researches are constituted
173
Colloquium Humanarum, vol. 15, n. Especial 2, Jul–Dez, 2018, p. 172-178. ISSN: 1809-8207. DOI: 10.5747/ch.2018.v15.nesp2.001093
differently, since the conception of what is science, man, education and human development
meet the objectives of the social practice of the historical moment to which they belong, and to
understand them in addition to the apparent causality that contributes to the process of struggle
against alienation and overcoming of common sense.
Keywords: Research, Education, Method.
CUBA: A FORMAÇÃO DOS PROFESSORES DO CURSO DE PEDAGOGIA
Authors: Adrean Batista Drielly , Bezerra de Carvalho Alonso
Published: March 2019

The present work deals with the training of teachers in Cuba, in order to consider some aspects,
such as: teacher education, pedagogical structure, curricular organization and teacher profile. This
work seeks to undertake a reflection on the training of teachers in Cuba. The training of teachers
has been much discussed in recent years, as well as their problems and their possible changes. The
questioning of teachers and their concerns led us to think about possible changes in order to
reflect on the training of teachers, especially those in the Pedagogy course. Finally, we hope to
have contributed to the development of a new perspective on education, in order to stimulate a
reflection on important aspects regarding the reality in the training of teachers in Brazil.
İstanbul İlinde ABO ve Rh Kan Grupları Dağılımının Analizi
Authors: EREN Canan
Published: March 2019

Amaç: Bölgemizdeki kan grubu dağılımını bilmek ve gereksinim

halinde bunu pratik ve bilimsel anlamda kullanmayı amaçladık.

Yöntemler: 2012-2018 yılları arasında

............................................................. Kan merkezine kan

bağışı amacı ile başvuran 123,900 sağlıklı bireyin kan grupları retrospektif

olarak analiz edildi. Kan merkezimize başvuran kişilerin ABO ve Rh kan grupları

mikroplak aglütinasyon veya kolon aglütinasyon yöntemleri ile tespit

edilmiştir.

Bulgular: 123.900 bireyin kan grubu analizi sonuçlarına

göre; 47,496 (%38,3) kişi A Rh (+), 36,427 (%29,4) kişi O Rh (+), 16,294

(%13,2) kişi B Rh (+), 7,971 (%6,4) kişi AB Rh (+), 6,793 (%5,5) kişi A Rh (-),

5451 (%4,4) kişi O Rh (-), 2,560 (%2,1) kişi B Rh (-), 908 (%0,7) kişi AB Rh

(-) olarak saptanmıştır. Rh kan grubu açısından bakıldığında 108,188 (%87,31)

kişinin Rh (+) olduğu, 15,712 (%12,69) kişinin de Rh (-) olduğu görülmüştür.

Sonuç: İstanbul ili demografik olarak Türkiye’nin özetini

yansıtmaktadır. Bölgemizdeki kan grubu dağılımı oranları Türkiye geneli ve

İstanbul bölgesi oranları ile benzerdi. Bununla birlikte diğer bazı bölgelerle

farklılıkların da olduğunu gördük. Elde ettiğimiz bulguların kan grupları

veritabanı açısından pratiğe ve literatüre faydalı olacağını düşünüyoruz.
Inteligencia artificial : pasado, presente y futuro
Authors: Dormido Bencomo Sebastián , Cruz García Jesús Manuel de la
Published: March 2019

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Introducción
Authors: Moga Romero Vicente
Published: March 2019

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¿Está en cuestión el modelo social europeo?
Authors: Calatrava Lesmes Olga
Published: March 2019

Las competencias sociales pertenecen al ámbito delos Estados miembros, sin embargo se puede hablar de un modelosocial europeo que supone una unidad de valores sociales compartidos.El modelo social europeo promueve la ciudadanía social y combinael rendimiento económico, la justicia social y la solidaridad. Lacrisis económica ha erosionado los Estados del Bienestar de los paísesrescatados; se han vulnerado los derechos fundamentales de losciudadanos; y se ha puesto en evidencia a Europa ante su falta derespuesta. Este artículo trata de analizar si es necesario renovar elmodelo social europeo, si las normas de soft law y el método abiertode coordinación (MAC) son acertados y la conveniencia de un nuevoreparto de competencias entre la Unión y los Estados miembros.Asimismo, se hace referencia al nuevo Pilar Europeo de DerechosSociales, anunciado por Juncker en 2015 que se presenta como unaoportunidad para abordar la nueva dimensión social europea. Esfundamental que se garanticen los derechos fundamentales y socialespor los órganos jurisdiccionales en tiempos de crisis económica,de modo que se equilibre lo económico y lo social. Finalmente, sedebe promover la adhesión de la Unión Europea a la Carta SocialEuropea revisada en el marco del nuevo Pilar Europeo de DerechosSociales.The social competences fall within the scope of theMember States, nevertheless we may consider that a European socialmodel implies shared social values. The European social modelpromotes social citizenship and combines economic performance,social justice and solidarity. The economic crisis eroded the welfarestate of rescued countries, infringing citizens fundamental rightsand showing Europe’s lack of response. The present work aims toanalyze the need to reform the European social model, if the softlaw rules and the Open Method of Coordination (OMC) are effectiveand if a new distribution of competences between the EuropeanUnion and Member States is necessary. Furthermore, particularreference is made to the new European Pillar of Social Rights, announcedby Jean-Claude Juncker in 2015, which seems to be an opportunityto address the new European social dimension. In times ofeconomic crisis, it is essential that the jurisdictional organs guaranteethe fundamental and social rights so that a balance between theeconomic and the social areas is found. Finally, the accession of theEuropean Union to the revised European Social Charter should bepromoted within the framework of the new European Pillar of SocialRights.
Políticas de rehabilitación del Gobierno Vasco. Análisis de la evaluación y propuestas
Authors: Rodríguez  Toyos Pedro
Published: March 2019

El creciente protagonismo de la rehabilitación edificatoriay de la regeneración urbana es innegable, bien como expresión dela asunción sincera del principio de desarrollo sostenible bien como esperanzade salvación del sector de la construcción ante la debacle de lapromoción inmobiliaria en un contexto de grave crisis financiera. Elanálisis retrospectivo de la acción del sector público y la evaluación delejercicio de sus competencias es una labor que se entiende precisa paraafrontar debidamente este reto de cambio de paradigma, del ensanchea la reforma urbana, misión para la que resulta adecuado utilizar el instrumentode la evaluación de políticas públicas. En este trabajo se realizauna recensión del sistema normativo y de ayudas desarrollado enmateria de rehabilitación en el País Vasco y una breve descripción yanálisis crítico de la evaluación realizada por el Gobierno Vasco, paraculminar con una serie de propuestas encaminada a servir de orientaciónen el diseño de una nueva política de rehabilitación.The growing role of building rehabilitation and urbanregeneration is undeniable, either as an expression of the sincere assumptionof the principle of sustainable development or as a hopefor the salvation of the construction sector in the face of the collapseof real estate development in a context of serious crisis financialThe retrospective analysis of the action of the public sector andthe evaluation of the exercise of its competences is a task that is understoodto be necessary to adequately address this challenge of paradigmshift, from the widening to urban reform, a mission for whichit is appropriate to use the instrument of the evaluation of publicpolicies. In this paper a review of the regulatory system and aid developedin the field of rehabilitation in the Basque Country and abrief description and critical analysis of the evaluation made by theBasque Government, to culminate with a series of proposals aimedat providing guidance in the design of a new rehabilitation policy.
Reseña de: GÓMEZ DE LA SERNA Y TULLY, Pedro (1806-1871): Motivos de las variaciones principales que ha introducido en los procedimientos la Ley de Enjuiciamiento Civil. Editorial: Imprenta de la Revista de Legislación. Madrid. 1857. 1.ª edición. 266 páginas. (Esta obra se corresponde con la signatura I-43897 del ejemplar de la Biblioteca Nacional de Madrid)
Authors: Alonso Furelos Juan Manuel
Published: March 2019

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La reproduction humaine : rapports entre les normes éthiques et les règles juridiques
Authors: Benezra Geneviève
Published: March 2019

Notre réflexion s’inscrit dans les préoccupations de la Commission royale d’enquête sur les nouvelles techniques de reproduction, créée par le gouvernement fédéral canadien en octobre 1989. Après avoir décrit le mandat de cette commission et la problématique juridique pertinente, nous nous concentrons sur les liens juridiques de nature patrimoniale et extrapatrimoniale découlant des échanges internes des créateurs de nouvelles techniques de procréation médicalement assistée, de diagnostic et de thérapies géniques; puis nous examinons leurs répercussions sur les rapports complexes avec les « objets » ou les « sujets » de ces techniques. Nous examinons tout particulièrement les rapports entre les principes des droits patrimoniaux (propriété, brevet, contrat) et les principes des droits fondamentaux de la personne, applicables à ce domaine de l’activité médicale et humaine.
La possession d’état : un mode de preuve méconnu
Authors: Pratte Marie
Published: March 2019

La possession d’état est un des plus anciens modes de preuve de la filiation. Aujourd’hui cependant, elle sert surtout à consolider une filiation déjà établie par l’acte de naissance. A-t-elle pour autant perdu sa fonction de preuve autonome de la filiation ? La Cour d’appel du Québec, dans un jugement correct dans son dispositif, mais critiquable dans son raisonnement, semble limiter ce rôle à celui de preuve judiciaire de la filiation. En droit québécois, la possession d’état n’est-elle pas aussi un mode de preuve extrajudiciaire de la filiation ?
La protection du public et les médicaments : les obligations du fabricant
Authors: Leroux Thérèse , Giroux Michelle
Published: March 2019

Au Canada, l’industrie pharmaceutique représente un secteur d’activités en pleine expansion. Il importe donc d’en mieux connaître le fonctionnement. Dans cet article, les auteures décriront et analyseront les obligations du fabricant de médicaments, suite à l’obtention d’une autorisation de mise en marché d’un nouveau produit. Ainsi, il sera question de l’obligation de qualité et de sécurité de même que de l’obligation d’information, en se référant tantôt au droit civil québécois, tantôt à la législation fédérale sur les aliments et drogues. Une attention particulière sera accordée à cette dernière, compte tenu de sa spécificité au regard de ce secteur d’activités.
Le pouvoir discrétionnaire de poursuite limité par l’instauration d’un programme de mesures de rechange
Authors: Grondin Rachel
Published: March 2019

Depuis 1984, il est possible d’utiliser des mesures de rechange à l’égard de jeunes de douze ans et plus mais de moins de dix-huit ans au lieu d’intenter des poursuites judiciaires pour des infractions fédérales. Dans cet article, l’auteure démontre que cette déjudiciarisation porte atteinte à la discrétion de la poursuite. Comme l’administration des mesures de rechange relève des provinces, elle est distincte dans les différentes régions du pays. Cet article traite plus particulièrement du programme québécois des mesures de rechange.

Dans la deuxième partie de cet article, l’auteure soutient que le choix de procéder par mesures de rechange peut contribuer au rejet des accusations et indirectement, à l’affaiblissement de la discrétion de poursuite. Une telle conclusion découle de l’étude de l’article 4 de la Loi sur les jeunes contrevenants, de la jurisprudence de droit pénal concernant l’abus de procédure ainsi que des articles 7 et 24 de la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés.
Le droit à l’instruction en français dans les provinces canadiennes à majorité anglophone : le statut des enfants de parents immigrés
Authors: Le Bouthillier Yves
Published: March 2019

Dans chaque province et territoire canadien, l’article 23 de la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés garantit un droit à l’instruction primaire et secondaire dans la langue de la minorité francophone ou anglophone de cette province ou territoire. Toutefois, ce droit n’est conféré qu’à certaines catégories de personnes dont sont exclus, entre autres, les non citoyens. Depuis quelque temps, certaines provinces à majorité anglophone étudient la possibilité et l’avantage de modifier leur législation scolaire afin d’accorder le droit à l’instruction en français à tous les immigrants et immigrantes dont la première langue au Canada est le français. Dans le texte qui suit l’auteur suggère qu’une telle modification ne serait pas contraire à l’article 23.
Le droit à l’autonomie gouvernementale des peuples autochtones : un phénix qui renaîtra de ses cendres
Authors: Bissonnette Alain
Published: March 2019

Dans cet article, l’auteur soutient qu’en dépit de l’échec de l’Accord de Charlottetown, le droit à l’autonomie gouvernementale des peuples autochtones continuera d’être discuté, négocié et mis en oeuvre tant au plan interne qu’en vertu du droit international. Dans une première partie, il décrit les principales dispositions de l’Accord de Charlottetown et explique, en se servant des leçons de l’anthropologie juridique, les raisons de l’échec de cet accord notamment auprès d’une portion importante des personnes membres des peuples autochtones. Dans une seconde partie, il décrit l’état actuel du droit international à l’égard des revendications des peuples autochtones et attire l’attention sur le fait que les normes du droit international s’inscrivent dans une logique et une symbolique qui, du point de vue culturel, ne peuvent prétendre être véritablement universelles.
La réforme constitutionnelle et la notion de société distincte
Authors: Duplé Nicole
Published: March 2019

Depuis l’Accord du lac Meech, la reconnaissance constitutionnelle du Québec comme société distincte dans une disposition interprétative applicable à l’ensemble de la Constitution est au coeur de la problématique de la réforme constitutionnelle. À l’heure actuelle, outre celle de l’Accord, deux autres versions de la clause relative à la société distincte ont été soumises aux gouvernements. Indépendamment des différences de formulation que révèle leur comparaison, un fait demeure constant : la clause ne saurait en aucun cas constituer la source de pouvoirs législatifs supplémentaires pour le Québec et elle n’a qu’un effet marginal dans le contexte de la Charte canadienne. Cet effet, déjà limité, est encore réduit si la Charte doit être interprétée non seulement en tenant compte de la reconnaissance du Québec comme société distincte mais aussi en tenant compte de certains autres principes d’interprétation conçus pour s’appliquer concurremment. Ainsi, l’inclusion de la disposition relative à la société distincte dans une « clause Canada » réduirait les maigres bénéfices juridiques que le Québec pourrait en espérer. Il semble que la principale utilité de la clause s’inscrive dans le domaine de la symbolique constitutionnelle : sa formulation devrait permettre de situer la collectivité québécoise dans le grand ensemble canadien. À cet égard, l’inclusion de la disposition reconnaissant le caractère distinct du Québec dans une « clause Canada » énonçant de nombreuses caractéristiques, très diverses, de la société canadienne, a pour effet de banaliser le fait québécois et de minimiser son importance relative.

Il est clair que le Québec ne saurait se satisfaire d’une reconnaissance de son caractère distinct au sein du Canada qui n’aurait qu’un caractère formel ou presque. Seule une révision du partage des compétences législatives est susceptible de lui donner les moyens concrets de protéger et promouvoir sa spécificité.
Genome-wide analysis of the Catalpa bungei caffeic acid O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene family: identification and expression profiles in normal, tension, and opposite wood
Authors: Lu Nan , Ma Wenjun , Han Donghua , Liu Ying , Wang Zhi , Wang Nan , Yang Guijuan , Qu Guanzheng , Wang Qiuxia , Zhao Kun , Wang Junhui
Published: March 2019

Caffeic acid O-methyltransferase (COMT) is an important protein that participates in lignin synthesis and is associated with the ratio of G-/S-type lignin in plants. COMTs are associated with the wood properties of forest trees; however, little known about the COMT family in Catalpa bungei, a valuable timber tree species in China . We performed a comprehensive analysis of COMT genes in the C. bungei genome by describing the gene structure and phylogenetic relationships of each family member using bioinformatics-based methods. A total of 23 putative COMT genes were identified using the conserved domain sequences and amino acid sequences of COMTs from Arabidopsis thaliana and Populus trichocarpa as probes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that 23 CbuCOMTs can be divided into three groups based on their structural characteristics; five conserved domains were found in the COMT family. Promoter analysis indicated that the CbuCOMT promoters included various cis-acting elements related to growth and development. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis showed differential expression among CbuCOMTs. CbuCOMT2, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 21, and 23 were mainly expressed in xylem. Only CbuCOMT23 was significantly downregulated in tension wood and upregulated in opposite wood compared to normal wood. Our study provides new information about the CbuCOMT gene family and will facilitate functional characterisation in further research.
HOXC6 promotes migration, invasion and proliferation of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells via modulating expression of genes involved in malignant phenotypes
Authors: Tang Li , Cao Yong , Song Xueqin , Wang Xiaoyan , Li Yan , Yu Minglan , Li Mingying , Liu Xu , Huang Fang , Chen Feng , Wan Haisu
Published: March 2019

Background

HOXC6 is a member of the HOX gene family. The elevated expression of this gene occurs in prostate and breast cancers. However, the role of HOXC6 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains largely uninvestigated.

Methods

The expression of HOXC6 was examined by immunohistochemistry, quantitative real-time PCR and immunoblotting assays. The lentivirus-mediated expression of HOXC6 was verified at mRNA and protein levels. Wound healing and Matrigel assays were performed to assess the effect of HOXC6 on the migration and invasion of cancer cells. The growth curving, CCK8, and colony formation assays were utilized to access the proliferation capacities. RNA-seq was performed to evaluate the downstream targets of HOXC6. Bioinformatic tool was used to analyze the gene expression.

Results

HOXC6 was highly expressed in ESCC tissues. HOXC6 overexpression promoted the migration, invasion, and proliferation of both Eca109 and TE10 cells. There were 2,155 up-regulated and 759 down-regulated genes in Eca109-HOXC6 cells and 95 up-regulated and 47 down-regulated genes in TE10-HOXC6 cells compared with the results of control. Interestingly, there were only 20 common genes, including 17 up-regulated and three down-regulated genes with similar changes upon HOXC6 transfection in both cell lines. HOXC6 activated several crucial genes implicated in the malignant phenotype of cancer cells.

Discussion

HOXC6 is highly expressed in ESCC and promotes malignant phenotype of ESCC cells. HOXC6 can be used as a new therapeutic target of ESCC.
Fatty liver is a risk factor for liver metastasis in Chinese patients with non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Wu Wenyu , Liao Haiyan , Ye Weilin , Li Xi , Zhang Jian , Bu Junguo
Published: March 2019

Background

The hepatic microenvironment, which may include chronic inflammation and fibrosis, is considered to contribute to the development of liver metastases. Hepatic steatosis (HS) might cause liver inflammation and fibrosis. However, to date, no studies have investigated the impact of HS on liver metastasis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was performed on patients who received NSCLC treatment at two hospitals affiliated with the Southern Medical University from January 2005 to December 2015. The patients were grouped according to the presence of HS. The clinicopathological features of patients between the two groups were compared. The effect of HS on liver metastasis and overall metastasis was evaluated, adjusting for other confounders using Cox regression analyses.

Results

In total, 1,873 patients with NSCLC with no distant metastases were included in this study, and 408 (21.8%) patients were diagnosed with HS (at the time of diagnosis or before diagnosis). Liver metastases occurred in 166 (8.9%) patients. Liver metastasis-free survival was significantly worse in the study (HS) group (hazard ratio (HR) 1.42; (95% CI [1.03–1.96]); P = 0.031). Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that HS was an independent risk factor for liver metastasis (HR 1.43; 95% CI [1.02–2.01]; P = 0.039). However, HS was not associated with overall metastasis of NSCLC (HR 0.99; 95% CI [0.84–1.17]; P = 0.895).

Conclusion

Hepatic steatosis was an independent predictor of liver metastasis from in patients with NSCLC.
Hooked by the WWW: A Study of Social Networking
Authors: Sobejana Noel Palo , Jose Ariel Epan San
Published: March 2019

Aims: This study was conducted to determine the participants’ experiences and perceptions on the use of SNS. It also looked into how SNS use affects their jobs, personal activities, and studies.

Study Design: This study used the qualitative method. Open-ended questions were constructed to gather participants’ experiences.

Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted among the Information Technology faculty and students University of Mindanao- Digos College. The study was conducted for one semester.

Methodology: The open-ended questions were distributed among pre-selected participants online. The responses were analyed into themes; discussions were provided.

Results: SNS use does not affect the jobs, tasks, personal activities, and studies of the participants. It is also revealed that SNS use provides happiness and satisfactions to the participants. The participants’ continuous connection with their family members, friends and relatives makes them closer because of SNS. Moreover, participants also build confidence when friends appreciate and affirm their status in the SNS. Further, SNS serves as someone’s blueprint or portfolio which shows his/her achievements. Finally, most participants are not bothered by the spending incurred in connecting the internet as long as they can communicate with their families, relatives, and friends in the SNS.

Conclusion: Addiction to SNS is indirectly insignificant to the perception of the participants because it only provides happiness, develops self-confidence, and boosts reputation. Although they find the cost of connection to SNS not favorable, still they patronized it because it is the only way they can connect with the persons important to them.  Thus, someone’s values and orientations influence his/her use of SNS. Moreover, SNS addiction does not depend on someone’s profession.
An Introduction to Bioethanol and Its Prospects in Bangladesh: A Review
Authors: Mostofa Maruf
Published: March 2019

This study aims to present a comprehensive review of bioethanol, its prospects, and also to estimate a potential source for commercial bioethanol production in Bangladesh. In Bangladesh, the primary source of fuel comes from natural gas and petroleum oil. But the total output of fossil fuel is incapable of meeting the annual fuel demand. And also, the natural reserves are insufficient to meet the energy demand for long-term economic development. To meet the demand every year Bangladesh needs to import a huge amount of petroleum oil from overseas markets. In this situation, to manage the future demand, production of renewable energy may be an alternative solution. Bioethanol production from potato and potato peel waste maybe a prospective source of renewable energy. It can use as an alternative clean-burning fuel by replacing with regular vehicle fuel. It can not only save huge foreign currency but also lessen greenhouse effect in the environment. In this scenario, there is a huge prospect to introduce bioethanol as an alternative fuel in Bangladesh.
In vitro Study Anti-proliferative Potential of Algae Extract against Cancer Cell Line
Authors: Maddah Morog R. , Huwait Etimad A. , Al-balawi Abeer Ali , Moselhy Said S. , ALghamdi Maryam A. , Zeyadi Mustafa A. , Al-Malki Abdulrahman L. , Kumosani Taha A.
Published: March 2019

Background: Oxidative stress is defined as imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant ratio, that lead to oxidative damage of biologically active molecules, finally lead to different disease and initiate carcinogenesis. The drug discovery using natural products as medicinal plants or marine organism still an important target for recent research. This study investigated anticancer activity of algae extract obtained from Red sea at Jeddah.

Materials and Methods: Aqueousand methanol extracts ofDictyotaciliolata(DC) were tested on HCT-116 and HepG2 cell lines using WST-1. Aqueous extract (AEDC) and methanol extract (MEDC) at doses 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1 mg/ml and positive control 0.3% H2O2 at doses 0.5 mg/ml for 24,48 and 72 h (for two cell lines).

Results: AEDC showed the mosteffective antitumor activity against HCT116 and HePG2, the IC50 dose for HCT116 cells was 0.05 mg/ml at 72 h, while for the HePG2 it was 0.01 mg/ml at 72 h. These results showed that HePG2cells was more sensitive to the AEDC. However, IC50 for MEDC were 0.01 mg/ml for HCT116 and 0.05 for HepG2 at 48 Hrs. The algae extracts contain sulfated polysaccharides and different pigments as chlorophylls, carotenoids and phycobiliproteins. These pigments were approved as biological active biomolecules that exert different biological activities as antioxidants, antitumor and rich source of micronutrients. In addition, AEDC or MEDC exert apoptotic activity by increase activity of caspase 3 and 9 in HepG2.

Conclusıon: The antitumor effect of AEDC or MEDC is promising for development of chemotherapeutic agent as effective with no side effects.
A Microfluidic Tumor‐on‐a‐Chip for Assessing Multifunctional Liposomes' Tumor Targeting and Anticancer Efficacy
Authors: Ran Rui , Wang Hao‐Fei , Hou Fei , Liu Yun , Hui Yue , Petrovsky Nikolai , Zhang Fan , Zhao Chun‐Xia
Published: March 2019

Two principal methods for cancer drug testing are widely used, namely, in vitro 2D cell monolayers and in vivo animal models. In vitro 2D culture systems are simple and convenient but are unable to capture the complexity of biological processes. Animal models are costly, time‐consuming, and often fail to replicate human activity. Here a microfluidic tumor‐on‐a‐chip (TOC) model designed for assessing multifunctional liposome cancer targeting and efficacy is presented. The TOC device contains three sets of hemispheric wells with different sizes for tumor spheroid formation and evaluation of liposomes under a controlled flow condition. There is good agreement between time‐elapsed tumor targeting of fluorescent liposomes in the TOC model and in in vivo mouse models. Evaluation of the anticancer efficacy of four PTX‐loaded liposome formulations shows that compared to 2D cell monolayers and 3D tumor spheroid models, the TOC model better predicts the in vivo anticancer efficacy of targeted liposomes. Lastly, the TOC model is used to assess the effects of flow rates and tumor size on treatment outcome. This study demonstrates that the TOC model provides a convenient and powerful platform for rapid and reliable cancer drug evaluation.
Unraveling the Electronic Structures of Neodymium in LiLuF4 Nanocrystals for Ratiometric Temperature Sensing
Authors: Huang Ping , Zheng Wei , Tu Datao , Shang Xiaoying , Zhang Meiran , Li Renfu , Xu Jin , Liu Yan , Chen Xueyuan
Published: March 2019

Nd3+‐doped near‐infrared (NIR) luminescent nanocrystals (NCs) have shown great promise in various bioapplications. A fundamental understanding of the electronic structures of Nd3+ in NCs is of vital importance for discovering novel Nd3+‐activated luminescent nanoprobes and exploring their new applications. Herein, the electronic structures of Nd3+ in LiLuF4 NCs are unraveled by means of low‐temperature and high‐resolution optical spectroscopy. The photoactive site symmetry of Nd3+ in LiLuF4 NCs and its crystal‐field (CF) transition lines in the NIR region of interest are identified. By taking advantage of the well‐resolved and sharp CF transition lines of Nd3+, the application of LiLuF4:Nd3+ NCs as sensitive NIR‐to‐NIR luminescent nanoprobes for ratiometric detection of cryogenic temperature with a linear range of 77–275 K is demonstrated. These findings reveal the great potential of LiLuF4:Nd3+ NCs in temperature sensing and also lay a foundation for future design of efficient Nd3+‐based luminescent nanoprobes.
Loss potentials based on an ensemble forecast: How likely are winter windstorm losses similar to 1990?
Authors: Walz Michael A. , Leckebusch Gregor C.
Published: March 2019

In this paper we investigate the feasibility and added value of using the seasonal hindcasts of the ECMWF System 4 as a hazard event set for European winter windstorms damage calculations. The windstorms are identified for every ensemble member and every year by an objective windstorm tracking algorithm. The damages are calculated directly from the obtained wind footprints via the open source natural catastrophe damage model CLIMADA for Germany, the UK, France and Spain and compared to the loss from ERA‐Interim. The results show that the ensembles of losses in System 4 nicely capture the inter‐annual loss variability of the reanalysis. Due to more than 1,500 years of “virtual reality” windstorm data from the hindcasts, the return levels of extreme losses can be estimated fairly accurately. Based on System 4, the losses in the scale of 1990 (January, February, March and December including the prominent windstorm Daria) represent a 20‐year event in Germany whereas they represent a 100‐year event for the UK. Thus, a considerably shorter return period compared to return periods calculated from ERA‐Interim alone.

Further we investigate the link between the annual losses and large‐scale drivers derived from mean‐sea‐level‐pressure (MSLP) data in System 4. We can show that within System 4 there is a significant link between increased loss potentials for strongly positive North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) phases for Germany and the UK as well as a reduced loss potential for Spain. The link between the other analysed indices is weak bar the East Atlantic (EA) pattern index. Thus, if the NAO in System 4 is correct we can assume that the windstorms in System 4 are useable. If this premise is given our study shows that the loss estimates and ultimately the return levels of losses from System 4 can be used in an operational way.
Content, cost, and context: A framework for understanding human signaling systems
Authors: Barker Jessica L. , Power Eleanor A. , Heap Stephen , Puurtinen Mikael , Sosis Richard
Published: March 2019

Humans frequently perform extravagant and seemingly costly behaviors, such as widely sharing hunted resources, erecting conspicuous monumental structures, and performing dramatic acts of religious devotion. Evolutionary anthropologists and archeologists have used signaling theory to explain the function of such displays, drawing inspiration from behavioral ecology, economics, and the social sciences. While signaling theory is broadly aimed at explaining honest communication, it has come to be strongly associated with the handicap principle, which proposes that such costly extravagance is in fact an adaptation for signal reliability. Most empirical studies of signaling theory have focused on obviously costly acts, and consequently anthropologists have likely overlooked a wide range of signals that also promote reliable communication. Here, we build on recent developments in signaling theory and animal communication, developing an updated framework that highlights the diversity of signal contents, costs, contexts, and reliability mechanisms present within human signaling systems. By broadening the perspective of signaling theory in human systems, we strive to identify promising areas for further empirical and theoretical work.
Lycopene presence in facial skin corneocytes and sebum and its association with circulating lycopene isomer profile: Effects of age and dietary supplementation
Authors: Petyaev Ivan M. , Pristensky Dmitry V. , Morgunova Elena Y. , Zigangirova Nailya A. , Tsibezov Valeriy V. , Chalyk Natalia E. , Klochkov Victor A. , Blinova Victoria V. , Bogdanova Tatiana M. , Iljin Alexei A. , Sulkovskaya Larisa S. , Chernyshova Marina P. , Lozbiakova Marina V. , Kyle Nigel H. , Bashmakov Yuriy K.
Published: March 2019

Lycopene is a dietary antioxidant known to prevent skin photodamage. This study aimed to examine age‐dependent presence of this carotenoid on the surface of the facial skin and in the serum as well as to measure the same parameters during supplementation with lycopene. Serum samples and samples from facial skin surface were obtained from 60 young (under 25 years old) and 60 middle‐aged (over 50 years old) volunteers. Similar samples were taken from 15 middle‐aged subjects during 4‐week supplementation with lycopene (7 mg/day). Serum lycopene levels and isomer profiles were analyzed by HPLC. Lycopene in desquamated corneocytes and the sebum from facial skin surface was determined using lycopene‐specific fluorescent monoclonal antibodies. The results demonstrated that there was no age‐related difference in serum lycopene levels, but a higher proportion of (all‐E)‐lycopene was detected in the “young” group (37.5% vs 26.2% in the “middle‐aged” group; p < 0.0001). “Young” volunteers also had a higher lycopene level in both corneocytes (p = 0.0071) and the sebum (p = 0.0139) from the skin surface. Supplementation with lycopene resulted in a sharp increase of lycopene concentrations in both serum and skin surface samples. There was also a clear change in the pattern of lycopene isomers in the serum manifested by a significant increase in the proportion of (all‐E)‐lycopene (from 22.1% to 44.0% after supplementation, p < 0.0001). It can be concluded that dietary supplementation with lycopene results in its accumulation in the serum and skin. This process is accompanied by significant changes in the circulating lycopene isomer profile which becomes similar to that typical for young individuals.
Whole transcriptome sequencing reveals a KMT2A‐USP2 fusion in infant acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Ikeda Junji , Shiba Norio , Tsujimoto Shin‐ichi , Yoshida Masanori , Nakabayashi Kazuhiko , Ogata‐Kawata Hiroko , Okamura Kohji , Takeuchi Masanobu , Osumi Tomoo , Tomizawa Daisuke , Hata Kenichiro , Kiyokawa Nobutaka , Ito Shuichi , Kato Motohiro
Published: March 2019

Infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia with lysine (K)‐specific methyltransferase 2A (KMT2A) rearrangements usually has a poor prognosis regardless of the fusion partners of KMT2A. However, the prognosis of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with KMT2A rearrangements depends on its translocation partners. We herein report the case of a 9‐month‐old boy with a KMT2A‐USP2 fusion, which required diagnosis by whole transcriptome sequencing after the failure of detection of known translocation partners by conventional screening approaches. As this first report of a patient with AML with a KMT2A‐USP2 fusion illustrates, identification of the partners in all patients with KMT2A‐rearranged AML is critical to elucidate the outcomes associated with specific rearrangements and to develop appropriate treatment strategies. Moreover, development of additional methods to detect specific translocation partners of KMT2A and leukemia‐specific targeting drugs is important to improve further the outcomes of KMT2A‐rearranged AML.
Plant responses to simulated carbon capture and storage (CCS) CO2 pipeline leakage: the effect of soil type
Authors: Lake Janice A. , Lomax Barry H.
Published: March 2019

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) has been proposed as a bridging technology to enable the transition to an energy system based on renewable sources. Many high CO2‐emitting industries (such as the power industry) are distant from potential carbon storage sites (such as offshore geological reservoirs) and an infrastructure of CO2 transportation must therefore be developed to carry the CO2 to safe storage. As such there is a need to understand the risks involved and the mitigation of potential leaks associated with CCS and dense‐phase CO2 transportation networks. Since 2012 a number of experimental studies have provided a mechanistic understanding of the risks posed to crops as a function of CO2 leakage from CCS infrastructure. However, what remains largely unresolved is the role played by both soil type and soil structure in mitigating and / or enhancing plant stresses. In this study we provide an experimental framework to evaluate these effects. Wheat and beetroot were grown in four different experimental soils to test the effects of specific soil attributes (organic, low pH; organic, open structure; organic, limed; loam, neutral pH) on crop performance when exposed to high levels (∼40%) of CO2 in the soil environment. Comparison between treatment and controls and across the soil types reveals little difference in terms of biomass or plant stress chemistry. From a stakeholder perspective these findings suggest that soil type may play only a minor role in mitigating or amplifying plant stress in response to the unlikely event of a CO2 leak from CCS infrastructure. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mixed‐method evaluation of a community‐wide physical activity program in Launceston, Australia
Authors: Byrne Lucy , Ogden Kathryn , Lee Simone , Ahuja Kiran , Watson Greig , Bauman Adrian , Fell James
Published: March 2019

Issue addressed

Physical inactivity is a leading risk factor for disease burden and premature mortality. Interventions to increase physical activity are common, though few examples of multi‐strategy, wide‐scale community programs exist. Active Launceston is a community‐wide program aimed at improving health and well‐being through physical activity. We report on the process evaluation of Active Launceston and changes in community physical activity participation between 2008 and 2015, as a measure of program effectiveness.

Methods

Mixed‐method evaluation of Active Launceston combined process evaluation—consisting of participant numbers, socio‐demographic characteristics, campaign awareness, focus groups and stakeholder interviews—with impact evaluation consisting of a random‐sample cross‐sectional serial telephone survey.

Results

Active Launceston attracted 11 887 attendees, participating in 30 342 sessions, amounting to 38 088 hours of physical activity between 2008 and 2015. Participant focus groups highlighted benefits including increased engagement in exercise, better health and social connectedness. While telephone surveys found the proportion of people participating in any physical activity in the last 12 months to be similar between the 3 years (2008, 77.7%; 2012, 77.1%; 2015, 73.6%), a higher proportion participated in vigorous physical activity in 2012 and 2015 compared to 2008 (P < 0.01), when adjusting for age and gender differences. A higher proportion also achieved sufficient activity for health in 2015 compared to 2008 (P = 0.01).

Conclusions

Mixed‐method evaluation suggests Active Launceston is an effective community‐wide program supporting community members to engage in regular physical activity and increase levels of social engagement.

So what?

This work provides a model for implementing high‐reach, community‐wide interventions that improve physical activity outcomes.
Improvements in the HIV care continuum needed to meaningfully reduce HIV incidence among men who have sex with men in Baltimore, US: a modelling study for HPTN 078
Authors: Mitchell Kate M , Hoots Brooke , Dimitrov Dobromir , German Danielle , Flynn Colin , Farley Jason E , Gelman Marcy , Hughes James P , Donnell Deborah , Adeyeye Adeola , Remien Robert H , Beyrer Chris , Paz‐Bailey Gabriela , Boily Marie‐Claude
Published: March 2019

Introduction

HIV prevalence is high among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Baltimore, Maryland, United States, and the levels of viral suppression among HIV‐positive MSM are relatively low. The HIV Prevention Trials Network 078 trial seeks to increase the levels of viral suppression among US MSM by increasing the rates of diagnosis and linkage to care and treatment. We estimated the increases in viral suppression needed to reach different HIV incidence reduction targets, and the impact of meeting diagnosis and treatment targets.

Methods

We used a mathematical model of HIV transmission among MSM from Baltimore, US, parameterised with behavioural data and fitted to HIV prevalence and care continuum data for Baltimore wherever possible, to project increases in viral suppression needed to reduce the HIV incidence rate among Baltimore MSM by 10, 20, 30 or 50% after 2, 5 and 10 years. We also projected HIV incidence reductions achieved if US national targets – 90% of people living with HIV (PLHIV) know their HIV serostatus, 90% of those diagnosed are retained in HIV medical care and 80% of those diagnosed are virally suppressed – or UNAIDS 90‐90‐90 targets (90% of PLHIV know their status, 90% of those diagnosed receive antiretroviral therapy (ART), 90% of those receiving ART are virally suppressed) are each met by 2020.

Results

To reduce the HIV incidence rate by 20% and 50% after five years (compared with the base‐case at the same time point), the proportion of all HIV‐positive MSM who are virally suppressed must increase above 2015 levels by a median 13 percentage points (95% uncertainty interval 9 to 16 percentage points) from median 49% to 60%, and 27 percentage points (22 to 35) from 49% to 75% respectively. Meeting all three US or 90‐90‐90 UNAIDS targets results in a 48% (31% to 63%) and 51% (38% to 65%) HIV incidence rate reduction in 2020 respectively.

Conclusions

Substantial improvements in levels of viral suppression will be needed to achieve significant incidence reductions among MSM in Baltimore, and to meet 2020 US and UNAIDS targets. Future modelling studies should additionally consider the impact of pre‐exposure prophylaxis for MSM.
Dipolar DC induced collisional activation of non‐dissociated electron‐transfer products
Authors: Adhikari Sarju , Dziekonski Eric T. , Londry Frank A. , McLuckey Scott A.
Published: March 2019

The application of electron transfer and dipolar direct current induced collisional activation (ET‐DDC) for enhanced sequence coverage of peptide/protein cations is described. A DDC potential is applied across one pair of opposing rods in the high‐pressure collision cell of a hybrid quadrupole/time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometer (QqTOF) to induce collisional activation, in conjunction with electron transfer reactions. As a broadband technique, DDC can be employed for the simultaneous collisional activation of all the first‐generation charge‐reduced precursor ions (eg, electron transfer no‐dissociation or ETnoD products) from electron transfer reactions over a relatively broad mass‐to‐charge range. A systematic study of ET‐DDC induced collision activation on peptide/protein cations revealed an increase in the variety (and abundances) of sequence informative fragment ions, mainly c‐ and z‐type fragment ions, relative to products derived directly via electron transfer dissociation (ETD). Compared with ETD, which has low dissociation efficiency for low‐charge‐state precursor ions, ET‐DDC also showed marked improvement, providing a sequence coverage of 80% to 85% for all the charge states of ubiquitin. Overall, this method provides a simple means for the broadband collisional activation of ETnoD ions in the same collision cell in which they are generated for improved structural characterization of polypeptide and protein cations subjected to ETD.
Changes in the profiling of bioactive components with the roasting process in Lycium chinense leaves and the anti‐obesity effect of its bioaccessible fractions
Authors: Choi Eun‐Hye , Lee Da‐Yeon , Park Hee‐Sook , Shim Soon‐Mi
Published: March 2019

Background

This study aimed to investigate the profiles of bioactive components in roasted Lycium chinense leaves (LCLs) and its in vitro anti‐obesity activity after digestion processes.

Results

Chlorogenic acid, kaempferol‐3‐sophoroside‐7‐glucoside, kaempferol‐3‐sophoroside, and kaempferol‐3‐glucoside were discovered as bioactive components in various ratios of ethanol (EtOH) extract in LCLs by using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐electrospray ionization–mass spectrophotometry (UPLC‐ESI–MS). The roasting process followed by a 30% EtOH extraction tended to decrease the content of chlorogenic acid and kaempferol‐3‐glucoside, and enhanced the content of kaempferol‐3‐sophoroside‐7‐glucoside. It effectively inhibited pancreatic lipase activity by 62.50 ± 4.81%, which was approximately 1.71 percentage points higher than that of the dried‐nonroasted LCL extract (60.79 ± 3.75%). Its bioaccessible fraction obtained from in vitro digestion significantly and dose dependently reduced intracellular lipid accumulation by adipocyte 3T3‐L1 compared with a 30% EtOH extraction. At a concentration of 200 μg mL−1, it inhibited lipid accumulation up to 29.55% in 3T3‐L1 cells, which indicated that human digestive enzymes converted kaempferol‐3‐sophoroside‐7‐glucoside to kaempferol metabolites that have anti‐obesity effects.

Conclusion

This study suggests that the profiling of bioactive components by processing methods and a bioaccessible fraction could be crucial to improve the bioactivity of LCLs, and potentially be a natural anti‐obesity ingredient after oral intake. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry