bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hemşirelerin Disfaji Yönetiminde Kanıta Dayalı Rehber Kullanımına Yönelik Deneyimleri (Nitel Bir Çalışma)
Authors: Özer Küçük Emine , Kapucu Sevgisun
Published: March 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmada hemşirelerin, geliştirilen kanıta dayalı rehber kullanımına ilişkin deneyim ve görüşlerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmada tanımlayıcı nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Örneklem, inmeli hastaya bakım veren 10 hemşireden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmanın verileri, “Tanıtıcı Bilgi Formu” ve “Yarı Yapılandırılmış Görüşme Formu” kullanılarak “derinlemesine görüşme” yöntemiyle toplanmış ve Colaizzi’nin İçerik Analizi Yöntemi ile değerlendirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Çalışmamızda geliştirilen kanıta dayalı rehber ile inmeli hastaya bakım veren hemşireler, oluşturulan bu rehberi; hasta güvenliğini, bakım kalitesini, hasta ve hemşire memnuniyetini ve mesleki yeterlilikleri artıran ve ayrıca bilgiye ulaşmayı kolaylaştırıcı bir kaynak olarak gördüklerini belirtmiştir. Ayrıca çalışma kapsamındaki hemşireler rehber kullanımının; motivasyonlarını artırdığını, bağımsız hemşirelik rollerini yerine getirme konusunda desteklendiklerini hissettiklerini, kanıta dayalı uygulamayı hayata geçirmenin motivasyonunu yaşadıklarını ve akademik alan ile klinik alan arasında kurulan işbirliğinden duydukları memnuniyeti ifade etmiştir.
Sonuç: Çalışmada klinikte rehber kullanımının, hasta güvenliği, bakım kalitesi, mesleki yeterlilik, hasta ve hemşire memnuniyetini artırdığı belirlenmiştir. Kanıta dayalı rehberlerin klinikte uygulanması ve yaygınlaştırılması önerilmektedir.
BİST-100 Endeksinde Doğrusal Ve Doğrusal Olmayan Yöntemlerle Zayıf Formda Piyasa Etkinliğinin Testi
Authors: OĞUZ Onur
Published: March 2021

Piyasa etkinliği, haber akışlarının pay senedi fiyatlarına ne ölçüde yansıdığını ifade etmektedir. Bu bağlamda zayıf, yarı güçlü ve güçlü formda piyasa etkinliğinden söz edilebilmektedir. Literatürde zayıf formda etkinlik genellikle birim kök testleriyle incelenmektedir. Bu çalışmada 2000-2020 döneminde Borsa İstanbul BİST-100 endeksinin yükseliş ve düşüş dönemlerinde zayıf formda etkin olup olmadığı test edilmek istenmiştir. Bu amaçla önce doğrusallık testi yapılmış; ardından doğrusal olmayan Kapetanios, Shin Snell ve doğrusal nitelikte olup yapısal kırılmayı dikkate alan Zivot Andrews birim kök testi uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar BİST-100 endeksinin zayıf formda etkin olduğunu göstermektedir.
sejarah pemikiran islam. Muh. Rasul Pradana
Authors: Pradana Muh. Rasul
Published: March 2021

sejarah pemikiran islam pada masa umayyah
Gosling: A Grammar-based Toolkit for Scalable and Interactive Genomics Data Visualization
Authors: L'Yi Sehi , Wang Qianwen , Lekschas Fritz , Gehlenborg Nils
Published: March 2021

The combination of diverse data types and analysis tasks in genomics has resulted in the development of a wide range of visualization techniques and tools. However, most existing tools are tailored to a specific problem or data type and offer limited customization, making it challenging to optimize visualizations for new analysis tasks or datasets. To address this challenge, we designed Gosling—a grammar for interactive and scalable genomics data visualization. Gosling balances expressiveness for comprehensive multi-scale genomics data visualizations with accessibility for domain scientists. Our accompanying JavaScript toolkit called Gosling.js provides scalable and interactive rendering. Gosling.js is built on top of an existing platform for web-based genomics data visualization to further simplify the visualization of common genomics data formats. We demonstrate the expressiveness of the grammar through a variety of real-world examples. Furthermore, we show how Gosling supports the design of novel genomics visualizations. An online editor and examples of Gosling.js and its source code are available at https://gosling.js.org.
THE FAILED FACTORS ON TELLING THE FOLKTALES APPLIED BY ENGLISH TEACHERSON STUDENTS’ LEARNING PROCES
Authors: Mido La
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan secara rinci faktor kegagalan penggunaancerita rakyat dalam proses pembelajaran di SMP Negeri 4 Baubau.Penelitian ini menggunakanpenelitian qualitative dengan metode studi kasus. Untuk memperoleh data, penulis menggunakandua jenis instrumen yaitu interview dan angket. Teknik yg digunakan dalam menganalisis data,penulis menggunakan teknik reduksi, penyajian dan verifikasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukanbahwa diantara enam faktor luar yang menyebabkan kegagalan terhadap penggunaan ceritarakyat dalam proses pembelajaran, lingkungan kelas yang kurang nyaman adalah faktor yangpaling utama yang menyebabkan kegagalan siswa dalam proses pembelajaran denganmenggunakan cerita rakyat. Faktor yang berikutnya adalah gangguan dari teman sekelasnya padasaat proses pembelajaran berlangsung sehingga kurang konsentrasi terhadap pelajaran.
Konsep Ekonomi pada masa Dinasti Umayyah, Abbasiyah, dan Turki Usmani
Authors: Rafki Mirna
Published: March 2021

Artiker terkait dengan Konsep ekonomi pada masa Dinasti Bani Umayyah, Dinasti Bani Abbasiyah, dan Turki Usmani
Hydrogeological assessment of non-linear underground enclosures
Authors: Pujades Estanislao
Published: March 2021

Excavations below the water table are usually undertaken by combining the protection of retaining walls with dewatering by pumping wells. Severe difficulties may arise if the retaining walls have defects. Therefore, their state must be determined and, if needed, the defects repaired or the dewatering system redesigned. The state of underground retaining walls can be evaluated using hydrogeological methods, but these methods are well-established only for linear excavations. The objective of this work is to propose a procedure to evaluate the state of non-linear underground enclosures by analysing the groundwater response to pumping inside the enclosure. The proposed method, which is based on diagnostic plots (derivative of drawdown with respect to the logarithm of time), allows (1) determining if an underground non-linear enclosure has isolated openings or numerous defects and (2) computing its effective conductance or effective hydraulic conductivity. The methodology is tested with data collected during the excavation of a shaft required for the construction of the high speed train (HST) tunnel in Barcelona, Spain. The procedure can be applied using the wells drilled for dewatering. Although a test before the excavation is recommended to evaluate the underground retaining walls (Watertightness Assessment Test), the method can be applied using data collected at the beginning of the dewatering stage.
Penerapan Asuhan Keperawatan Jiwa Pada Tn. Y Dengan Masalah Isolasi Sosial di Yayasan Pemenang Jiwa Sumatra
Authors: laia Dirman
Published: March 2021

Isolasi sosial adalah keadaan dimana individu mengalami penurunan atau bahkan sama sekali tidak mampu berinteraksi dengan orang lain di sekitarnya. Klien mungkin merasa di tolak,tidak diterima,kesepian,dan tidak mampu membina hubungan yang berarti dengan orang lain. Isolasi sosial merupakan upaya klien untuk menghindari interaksi dengan orang lain maupun berkomunikasi dengan orang lain
Parametric assessment of hydrochemical changes associated to underground pumped hydropower storage
Authors: Pujades Estanislao
Published: March 2021

Underground pumped hydropower storage (UPHS) using abandoned mines is an alternative to store and produce electricity in flat regions. Excess of electricity is stored in form of potential energy by pumping mine water to a surface reservoir. When the demand of electricity increases, water is discharged into the mine (i.e., underground reservoir) through turbines producing electricity. During the complete operational process of UPHS plants, hydrochemical characteristics of water evolve continuously to be in equilibrium successively with the atmosphere (in the surface reservoir) and the surrounding porous medium (in the underground reservoir). It may lead to precipitation and/or dissolution of minerals and their associated consequences, such as pH variations. Induced hydrochemical changes may have an impact on the environment and/or the efficiency (e.g., corrosions and incrustations affect facilities) of UPHS plants. The nature of the hydrochemical changes is controlled by the specific chemical characteristics of the surrounding porous medium. However, the magnitude of the changes also depends on other variables, such as hydraulic parameters. The role of these parameters is established to define screening criteria and improve the selection procedure of abandoned mines for constructing UPHS plants.This work evaluates the role of the main hydrogeological factors for three different chemical composition of the porous medium. Results are obtained by means of numerical reactive transport modeling. Potential impacts on the environment (mainly on groundwater and surface water bodies) and on the efficiency of the UPHS plants vary considerably from a hydraulic parameter to another showing the need for a detailed characterization before choosing locations of future UPHS plants.
Artikel Sejarah Pemikiran ekonomi Islam
Authors: Akbar Muh.
Published: March 2021

Konsep ekonomi Islam pada Masa Dinasti
Prospective self- and informant-personality associations with inflammation, health behaviors, and health indicators
Authors: Wright Amanda Jo , Weston Sara J , Norton Sara , Voss Michaela , Bogdan Ryan , Oltmanns Thomas , Jackson Joshua James
Published: March 2021

Objective: Personality influences many aspects of the health process. It is unclear to what extent self- and informant-reports of the Big Five offer incremental validity for the prediction of inflammatory biomarkers and whether inflammation provides a unique pathway between personality and indicators of physical health, independent of health behaviors. Methods: Using data from older adults (N = 1,630) enrolled in the St. Louis Personality and Aging Network study, we tested whether self- and informant-reported Big Five traits show unique associations with inflammation (IL-6, CRP, TNF-α). Further, we tested whether inflammation and health behaviors indirectly link personality to health-related quality of life, body mass index, and chronic disease burden using longitudinal mediation in a structural equation modeling framework.Results: Self-reports, informant-reports, and general trait factors of personality predicted future inflammatory biomarker levels (unstandardized regression coefficients ranged -0.08 to 0.07 for self, -0.13 to -0.10 for informants, and -0.16 to -0.11 for general). Additionally, all assessment methods of personality were associated with the indicators of physical health through biomarker and health behavior pathways. Effects were primarily found for conscientiousness and neuroticism; IL-6 and CRP were the biomarkers with the most indirect effects; and indirect paths overall emerged more frequently through health behaviors, but this varied by outcome.Conclusions: Self- and informant-reports provided unique predictive validity of inflammatory biomarkers. Findings highlight the benefits of using of multiple assessments of personality and the importance of examining multiple, distinct pathways by which personality might influence health to understand the mechanisms underlying this relationship more fully.
Caractère résilient des conceptions intuitives des notions de justice et de liberté : résultats d'une étude au collège dans le cours d'enseignement moral et civique
Authors: Sander Emmanuel , Marcoux Géry , Wyss Anouchka , Naud Stéphanie , Scheibling-Sève Calliste , Gros Hippolyte , Gvozdic Katarina
Published: March 2021

Depuis, et avec l’impulsion de, l’esprit des Lumières, le développement de la pensée critique en tant que compétence transversale est devenu un enjeu éducatif en France et dans de nombreux pays francophones (Crahay & Marcoux, 2011). Plus encore, aujourd’hui et suite aux derniers faits divers scolaires, il semble crucial de préparer les élèves, en tant que membres déjà actifs de la société et citoyens de demain, à porter un regard critique, au sens d'avoir une opinion éclairée, sur les valeurs proposées par la société dans laquelle ils sont insérés. Pour cela, une proposition est, comme le formule la Charte du Conseil de l'Europe sur l'éducation à la citoyenneté démocratique et l'éducation aux droits de l'Homme (2010), de donner aux élèves les moyens de s'informer et de participer à la vie politique et sociale. Ce lien de l'éducation à la citoyenneté avec l'enjeu pédagogique du développement de la pensée critique a déjà été mis en évidence par de nombreux chercheurs donnant naissance à la notion d'éducation à la citoyenneté critique (Johnson & Morris, 2010 ; voir aussi Leenders, Veugelers, & De Kat, 2008 ; Veugelers, 2007). En France, même si Feyfant (2014) a montré que l’enseignement de la morale n’allait pas de soi et que Kahn (2015) s’est interrogée tant sur sa valeur universelle que sur sa transmission possible, il existe, depuis 2015, un programme d’enseignement moral et civique qui a pour ambition de servir ces deux objectifs. Cependant, il apparaît également de plus en plus clairement que les idées préconçues peuvent entraver les conceptions des questions de société et donc influencer les attitudes et les décisions. Dans ce cadre, améliorer ses connaissances de notions essentielles en éducation citoyenne telles que la justice et la liberté permettrait d’aller au-delà de ses idées préconçues et de faire évoluer sa perspective, favorisant ainsi le développement de l’esprit critique. Sur le plan scolaire, il semble fécond d’accompagner les élèves dans l’enrichissement de leurs conceptions de ces notions afin qu’ils soient en mesure de participer aux débats de manière mieux informée.
Provision of Alternative Formats of Information Resources for Inclusive Library Services of Visually Impaired Primary School Pupils in Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Esther Ekene Aghauche  , Udem Obiora Kingsley , Aghauche Stephen Ikenna
Published: March 2021

This paper sought to determine the provision of alternative formats of information resources for inclusive library services of visually impaired primary school pupils in Southeast Nigeria. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The population of the study was 129 respondents, comprising of 125 visually impaired pupils and four librarians from the four special education centres in Southeast Nigeria. One research question guided the study. Two instruments were used for data collection which include an observation checklist, and interview guide. Data collected with the checklist were analyzed using frequency counts, while those from interviews were analyzed qualitatively and integrated into the discussion of findings. The findings showed that alternative formats of information resources such as Braille textbooks and audio collections were not provided in many subjects in the libraries under study. Braille textbooks in almost all the subjects taught in the schools, including core subjects like English language and mathematics were not available. Even the ones available were old editions of textbooks. Also, it was revealed that other information resources except storybooks were scantly provided in alternative formats. Hence, the study concluded that the provision of alternative formats of information resources in special education centre libraries in Southeast Nigeria is inadequate. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that the government should have a written policy statement on the provision of alternative formats of information resources for the visually impaired so that it will serve as a guide for the provision of information resources to special education centres, in order to ensure inclusive library services for the visually impaired.
Reverse engineering language acquisition with child-centered long-form recordings
Authors: Lavechin Marvin , de Seyssel Maureen , Gautheron Lucas , Dupoux Emmanuel , Cristia Alejandrina
Published: March 2021

Language use in everyday life can be studied using lightweight, wearable recorders that collect long-form recordings - that is, audio (including speech) over whole days. The hardware and software underlying this technique is increasingly accessible and inexpensive, and these data are revolutionizing the language acquisition field. We first place this technique into the broader context of the current ways of studying both the input being received by children and children’s own language production, laying out the main advantages and drawbacks of long-form recordings. We then go on to argue that a unique advantage of long-form recordings is that they can fuel realistic models of early language acquisition that use speech to represent children's input and/or to establish production benchmarks. To enable the field to make the most of this unique empirical and conceptual contribution, we outline what this reverse engineering approach from long-form recordings entails, why it is useful, and how to evaluate success.
Deconstructing the side-effect effect: Separate inferences of intentions to harm and to help based on social information
Authors: Vonasch Andrew , Conway Paul , Rowe Stephen
Published: March 2021

The classic side-effect-effect (SEE) entails judging harmful side-effects more intentional than helpful side-effects. We suggest this effect reflects two distinct components, with people drawing on different social information to disambiguate motives to harm from ambiguous motives, versus motives to help from ambiguous motives. We tested this model by altering social information in several ways. Harmful intentions were impacted by manipulations reducing the diagnosticity of the CEO’s intentions by introducing external pressures (e.g., a gunman demanding they start a harmful program). This pattern suggests that perceptions of harmful intentions reflect inferences about harmful motives in the absence of external pressures. Conversely, helpful intentions were impacted by manipulations of the CEO’s stated intentions. Changing the CEO’s statement to be more pro-environmental flips perceptions from unintentional to probably intentional, eliminating the classic SEE difference between helping and harming intentions. Conversely, verbal justifications do not impact perceptions of harmful intent. Thus, judging harmful actions as intentional depends on unjustified trade-offs—in the absence of justifiable reasons to cause harm, harmful acts speak louder than words. Conversely, perceptions of helpful intent depend on verbal justifications clashing with normative expectations of positive self-presentation. Together, these results support the social information hypothesis, as changing relevant diagnostic social information about the CEO’s intentions changed people’s judgments, even to the point of eliminating the SEE.
A trait-like propensity to experience internalizing symptoms is associated with problem alcohol involvement across adulthood, but not adolescence
Authors: King Kevin Michael , Feil Madison , Halvorson Max Andrew , Kosterman Rick , Bailey Jennifer A. , Hawkins J. David
Published: March 2021

There are stable between-person differences in an internalizing “trait,” or the propensity to experience symptoms of internalizing disorders, such as social anxiety, generalized anxiety disorder, and depression. Trait internalizing may serve as a marker of heightened risk for problem alcohol outcomes (such as heavier drinking, binge drinking or alcohol dependence). However, prior research on the association between internalizing symptoms and alcohol outcomes has been largely mixed in adolescence, with more consistent support for an association during adulthood. It may be that trait internalizing is only associated with problem alcohol outcomes in adulthood, after individuals have gained experience with alcohol. Some evidence suggested that these effects may be stronger for females than males. We used data from a community sample (n = 790) interviewed during adolescence (ages 14 – 16) and again at ages 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, and 39. Using generalized estimating equations, we tested the association between trait internalizing and alcohol outcomes during both adolescence and adulthood, and tested whether adult trait internalizing mediated the association between adolescent trait internalizing and adult alcohol outcomes. Trait internalizing in adulthood (but not adolescence) was associated with more frequent alcohol use, binge drinking and symptoms of alcohol use disorders, and mediated the effects of adolescent trait internalizing on alcohol outcomes. We observed no moderation by gender or change in these associations over time. Understanding the developmental pathways of trait internalizing may provide further insights into preventing the emergence of problem alcohol use behavior during adulthood.
Decomposing Attitude Distributions to Characterize Attitude Polarization in Europe
Authors: Gestefeld Martin , Lorenz Jan , Boehnke Klaus , Henschel Nils Tobias
Published: March 2021

In recent years, political discourse and election results appear to be more polarized in western countries but is this associated with increasing attitude polarization of their general public? To answer this question, many different polarization measures have been proposed in the literature but no systematic empirical comparison exists. In an exploratory analysis of 4,155 attitude distributions on 11-point scales from the European Social Survey, we find that most polarization measures for single attitude distributions correlate strongly with the average attitude discrepancy between randomly selected pairs. We propose this as a catch-all measure for polarization because it can be decomposed into components related to different groups. By analyzing attitude distributions of the left-right political self-placements and several other topics we find that distributions are typically not unimodal or bimodal, but show more so a structure with up to five modes. We exploit this structure by fitting a model with five latent groups of moderates, extremists, and centrists.Finally, we use the decomposition of polarization with respect to these groups to analyze polarization and its different aspects across topics, countries, and time establishing an overview and new perspectives on single attitude polarization in Europe.
BUKU AJAR Pariwisata Berbasis Masyarakat Konsep dan Praktik
Authors: Nugraha Yudha Eka
Published: March 2021

Puji Syukur kehadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, karena berkat rahmat dan kuasa-Nya buku ajar mata kuliah Pariwisata Berbasis Masyarakat Konsep dan Praktik ini bisa terselesaikan dengan baik. Buku ajar ini akan membahas mengenai materi yang berkaitan dengan konsep pariwisata berbasis masyarakat dalam kajian konsep peran, bentuk, maupun partisipasi masyarakat untuk tujuan mengembangkan potensi wisata yang ada di sebuah kawasan/desa/wilayah. Selain itu konsep pariwisata berbasis masyarakat yang ada akan dihubungkan dengan penerapan praktis dalam pengembangan Desa Wisata yang akan diuraikan lebih lanjut dalam buku ajar ini. Ruang lingkup materi dalam buku ini pada contoh kasus penerapan pariwisata berbasis masyarakat dalam pembangunan desa wisata di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur.
In vivo antiplasmodial evaluation of methanol mesocarp extract of Citrillus lanatus in Plasmodium berghei berghei infected mice
Authors: EO Ettebong , GB Inyang , AIL Bassey , JA Udobang , PS Thomas , EG Essien , PE Ubulom , DN Obot
Published: March 2021

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo antiplasmodial activities of the methanol mesocarp extract of Citrillus lanatus in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei berghei. Materials and Methods: The extract (125, 250, and 500 mg/kg) was administered orally to mice and were assessed in suppressive, repository and curative tests using Chloroquine (5 mg/kg) and Pyrimethamine (1.2 mg/kg) as positive controls. Results: A dose-dependent, significant (p < 0.001) antiplasmodial effect was recorded in the suppressive test relative to control. The extract also demonstrated a dose-dependent, significant (p < 0.01 – 0.001) prophylactic and curative effects when compared to the controls. These antiplasmodial effects of the extract compared favourably with those of the standard drugs. The extract in addition, increased the mean survival times of the infected mice. Conclusions: The methanol mesocarp extract of C. lanatus possesses antiplasmodial activities, thereby corroborating its use in natural medicine in the treatment of malaria.
Adverse Events of Paediatric Immunization
Authors: Yadav Yogesh Chand , Anshika Dr. , Kumar Satendra
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Immunisation is a cost-effective program for vaccine preventable disease, but adverse events are unexpectedly noticeable especially when the vaccine was apparently healthy at the time of immunization, that’s why a lot of efforts are taken to ensure the safety of vaccine by monitoring the Adverse Event Following Immunization (AEFI) after vaccination. Method: A record based descriptive study was conducted at in hospital of Uttar Pradesh university medical sciences (UPUMS), Saifai, Etawah in 2019 with a total of 1400 vaccinated enrolled children are analysed the data. Result: The study revealed that OPV was the most frequently administered vaccine among the study population of all vaccine doses followed by Pentavalent and BCG vaccine. Fever (85%) was the first most commonly noted incidence related to the all Adverse Event Following Immunization of the vaccine along with persistent crying (20%) is also noted with the administration of vaccine. Conclusion: it was concluded that immunisation program is done for boosting and developing immune system and it start from the birth and the observed AEFI was non serious.
Standardization of Ruellia tuberosa L. with special emphasis on trichome variations
Authors: B Neethu Kannan , S Ghanthi Kumar , John Anitha , VL Reena , M Natarajan , GS Lekha , A Kanagarajan
Published: March 2021

The present study attempts to standardize the pharmacognostic, physic-chemical parameters, UV-Vis and HPTLC fingerprinting of the plant, Ruellia tuberosa. Various trichome morphotypes were the unique observation seen in the plant by anatomical as well as powder microscopic studies. Four prominent peaks were detected by UV-Visible spectroscopy and HPTLC fingerprint revealed many peaks with a wide range of Rf values. The present study of botanical and chemical screening will be useful for developing pharmacopeial standards for R. tuberosa.
Heterobeltiosis and Economic Heterosis for Grain Yield Related Traits of Boro Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Ray Shuma Rani , Islam A. K. M. Aminul , Rasul M. G. , Saikat M. M. Hasan Aminul , Ahmed J. U.
Published: March 2021

Rice is a staple food for more than half of the world’s population and to increase the yield potential of rice would be a key factor for mitigating global demands of about 810 million tons of rice by 2025. To exploit the economic importance of heterosis, quantitative valuation was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications for 16 agronomic traits of 5x5 half diallel populations during boro season of 2017-2018. Diallel populations were generated by using five selected parents (P1: BRRI dhan28, P2: BRRI dhan74, P3: BINA dhan10, P4: IR59418-7B-21-3 and P5: BRRI dhan67) where, P1 was considered as standard check to estimate the economic heterosis. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant variability among the genotypes for most of the traits except grain length and length-breadth ratio. The results showed that none of the hybrid combination performed better for all the traits over the three types of heterosis. The highest relative heterosis was recorded in P3×P4 followed by P4×P5 for grain yield plant-1, filled grains panicle-1, effective tillers plant-1. Majority of the cross combinations (>60%) revealed highly significant positive heterosis for grain yield plant-1 over mid parent. Heterobeltiosis for grain yield plant-1 was observed significant for 50% cross combinations and could be utilized in hybrid breeding. Whereas, more than 70% crosses exhibited undesirable negative standard heterosis for grain yield plant-1. Only two cross combinations (P3×P5 and P3×P4) among ten revealed significant positive economic heterosis for grain yield plant-1 and those could be exploited in rice breeding.
Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 9(1): 45-53
Patterns of Lip Print and Fingerprint in Gender Identification: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Baral Radha , Silwal Ganesh , Yadav Dinesh Kumar , Koju Sushmit , Maharjan Nisha , Bajracharya Dipshikha
Published: March 2021

Background: Personal identification is one of the key areas in the forensic sciences. A combination of different simple and easily available methods such as lip prints and fingerprints can be used for human identification. Our objective was to analyze the types of lip print and fingerprint patterns in dental students and to identify if they were associated with gender.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional comparative study conducted in 150 students (male: female 1:1), aged between 17 to 34 years, from Kantipur Dental College. The lip print and fingerprint patterns were recorded and interpreted based on the Tsuchihashi and Michael Kucken classification respectively.

Results: The most common lip print pattern was intersected type (44, 29.3%), while the least common was undetermined type (7, 4.7%). The intersected lip pattern (23, 30.7%) was most prevalent in males and the vertical pattern (28, 37.3%) was most prevalent in females (p < 0.05). The loop-type (82, 54.7%) fingerprint pattern was the most common while the arch-type (19, 12.7%) was the least common.  The most common fingerprint pattern in both sexes was loop pattern (38, 50.7%).

Conclusions: The type of lip print pattern holds potential promise as a supplementary tool for gender identification. However, fingerprint pattern was not associated with gender.
Correlation of Portal and Splenic Vein Diameter with Presence and Size of Esophageal and Gastric Varices in Liver Cirrhosis Patients on MDCT
Authors: Jha Anamika , Ali Yusra , Gurung Ghanshyam , Chaudhary Ranjit Kumar , Kasyap Akhilesh Kumar
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Variceal formation depends upon the pattern of dilatation of the portal and various splanchnic veins in patients with cirrhotic liver and portal hypertension. Multidetector Computed Tomography (MDCT) may be helpful in the evaluation of such gastroesophageal varices and predicting their risk of haemorrhage.Methods: After obtaining ethical clearance and consent, 50 patients meeting the inclusion criteria were included and MDCT obtained. The diameters of the portal vein (PV), splenic vein (SV) and left gastric vein (LGV) were measured and originating vein of LGV determined. Pattern, location and diameter of varix was evaluated. Association between the diameters of the originating vein and the grade and pattern of the esophagael and gastric fundic varices was determined.Results: Of the 50 patients, 41 had gastroesophageal (GE) varices equal to or larger than 1mm with 34% having high-risk varices. The SV was predominantly the originating vein of the LGV. Cutoff SV diameter of 7.75mm and LGV diameter of 5.75mm had a sensitivity of 77.8% with a specificity of 73.2% and 75.6% respectively for the presence of varices.Conclusions: In our study, EV and GEV was more common and mostly supplied by LGV while isolated gastric fundic varices were supplied by non LGV veins only. The diameters of SV and LGV were associated with the presence and grade of esophageal and gastric fundic varices. MDCT is an important non-invasive modality in patients with portal hypertension and should be used for diagnosis, risk stratification and monitoring of varices.
Morphological Study on Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Normal Pituitary Gland in Nepalese Population: Age and Sex-Related Changes
Authors: Khanal Gopal Prasad , Pangeni Roshan , Lamichhane Buddhi Sagar , Kayastha Prakash , Poudel Anju
Published: March 2021

Introduction: The pituitary gland is the master endocrine gland that secretes important hormones and controls other glands. Its size, shape and volume vary with age and sex and also in various pathological conditions. This study was conducted to identify the size, shape and volume of the normal pituitary gland in different age groups of both genders using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).Methods: A retrospective study of the brain MRI Images of 203 patients was done in the Radiology and Imaging department of Pokhara Academy of Health Sciences, Nepal. Anterior-posterior dimension, transverse dimension, height and shape of the pituitary gland were noted and volume was calculated. Descriptive analysis and relationship of pituitary parameters with age and sex were assessed using ANOVA and Chi-square tests.Results: The pituitary height and volume was maximum in the 11-20years age group. Similarly, the mean height and volume of the pituitary gland in female patients of each age group were greater than that of male patients in the same age group. The inferential analysis revealed significant differences for mean pituitary height and volume with age but not with gender. The upper surface convexity was maximum in the age group 11-20years.Conclusion: The study has shown a clear trend with regards to the morphology of the pituitary gland with the age and sex of the individual highlighting the size, shape and volume of the pituitary gland should be taken into consideration while evaluating the glands for any neuroendocrine disorders.
Managing national security interests amidst military major powers' military engagements
Authors: Koirala Kosh Raj
Published: March 2021

Existing literatures on the strategic competition between India, China and the US have largely focused on general patterns and trends of their cooperation and engagements in Nepal, including on how China has made its forays in Nepal with its assertive foreign policy overtures since 2008. What has been overlooked, however, is how these three countries are quietly competing with each other to enhance their engagement with the national army. The growing competition among these countries is likely to pose serious challenge to the national army as an institution to exercise its strategic autonomy in its decision making process if some cautions are not exercised in advance. This paper highlights on competing and conflicting interests of major powers to enhance their engagements with the national army in Nepal, and the ways to overcome potential challenges, such military engagements may entail in the future. It also offers a context of the discussion with a brief overview of changing strategic environment in the Asia Pacific in the past 10 years and how Nepal has transformed from a backwater to strategic epicenter for major powers.
Associations Between Food Insecurity and Depression among Diverse Asian Americans
Authors: Lai Sonia , Huang Deborah , Bardhan Indraneil , Park Mijung
Published: March 2021

Background: Proper nutrition is an essential component to both physical and emotional health. Food insecurity (FI) is a potentially critical public health problem. The link between FI and elevated risk for depression has been well documented. Yet, it is largely unknown how diverse older adult populations experience FI differently. Therefore,
the aims of this study were to examine how gender, race/ethnicity, and nativity may impact the magnitude of the association between FI and depression.

Methods: We used a nationally representative sample of the Asian American population from the National Latino and Asian American Study (NLAAS). We built logistic regression models with major depression in the past 12 months as the dependent variable, and FI as the independent variable. Several demographic and socioeconomic characteristics were added to the models to control for potential biases. All statistical estimates were weighted, using the recommended NLAAS sampling weight, to ensure representativeness of the US population.

Results: About 35% (weighted adjusted 95% CI: 29.49–39.00) of Asian Americans experienced some level of FI at the time of survey. Experiencing FI over the past 12 months increased the likelihood of having clinical depression (weighted adjusted odds ratio: 1.44, weight adjusted confidence interval: 0.79–2.10). The magnitude of associations between FI and depression varied by race/ethnicity (F (7, 47) = 6.53, p (3, 41) = 10.56, p (3, 41) = 9.85).

Conclusions: Food insecurity significantly increases the likelihood of clinical depression among Asian Americans. Greater attention is needed towards food-insecure Asian Americans and their mental health.
Chronic Pain and Mood Disorders in Asian Americans
Authors: Huang Deborah L. , Bardhan Indraneil , Shin Joosun , Karp Jordan F. , Park Mijung
Published: March 2021

Purpose: Pain and mood disorder frequently coexist. Yet, for Asian Americans (AAs), scant information about pain and mood disorder is available. Our aims were to compare (1) the rates of pain and mood disorders and (2) the magnitude of associations between pain and mood disorders between AAs and European Americans (EAs), and across different Asian subgroups.

Methods: An analytical data was constructed from the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Studies (CPES), a representative sample of community-residing U.S. adults (n = 9,871). Pain morbidity was assessed by self-report. Mood disorders, including major depression and anxiety disorders, were assessed using the diagnostic interview.
Analysis included descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression modeling. All analyses were weighted to approximate the U.S. populations, and controlled for sociodemographic and immigration characteristics.

Results: Greater proportion of EAs, compared to AAs, endorsed lifetime pain (56.8% vs. 35.8%). Having life pain disorders elevated the likelihood of lifetime mood disorder by more than 2-folds (weight adjusted odds ratio (WAOR): 2.12, 95% CI: 1.77, 2.55). Having pain disorders over the past 12 months elevated the likelihood of mood disorder in the same time period by more than 3-folds (WAOR: 3.29, 95% CI: 2.02, 5.37) among AAs. The
magnitude of the association between pain and psychiatric morbidity were greater in Vietnamese Americans compared to other AAs and EAs.

Discussion: The conventional belief that rates of pain and mood disorders are greater in AAs than EAs may need to be further examined. Vietnamese Americans may be particularly vulnerable for experience of comorbid pain and mood disorders.
Personal resources conducive to educational success: high achieving students’ perspectives
Authors: 't Mannetje Jolise , Heijne-Penninga Marjolein , Mastenbroek Nicole , Wolfensberger Marca , Jaarsma Debbie
Published: March 2021

This study was explorative and aimed at in-depth understanding of personal resources students use to reach success, in the demanding context of honours education.

 

Becoming successful in higher education demands a lot from students. Considering the Job Demands-Resources model it is expected that personal resources help students succeed. We explore which personal resources benefit students’ performance in demanding contexts of honours education. Using a questionnaire and semi-structured interviews, we asked thirteen honours students of three institutions which personal resources had helped them to achieve success. Results suggest that honours students use different personal resources. Most frequently mentioned resources could be grouped around five themes: self-directiveness, inquiry-mindedness, perseverance, social involvement and motivation. Especially resources in the themes self-directiveness, inquiry-mindedness and perseverance were perceived as important facilitators for educational success. The outcomes may inform interventions to help students develop personal resources needed to handle high educational demands. Further research is needed to identify the most effective interventions.
Development of explosive power in basketball players
Authors: AKSOVIĆ Nikola , BJELİCA Bojan , MİLANOVİĆ Filip , MİLANOVİC Ljubica , JOVANOVİĆ Nemanja
Published: March 2021

Basketball is a very active sports game with frequent changes of speed, a large number of jumps and active use of all muscle groups. The aim of this review is to identify, analyze and explain all significant components for the development of explosive power in basketball players. The results showed that despite the high coefficient, which is congenital, explosive power can be developed through well-organized training which should be conducted methodically, rationally and in a well-organized manner. For quality planning and programming of training for the development of explosive power, it is necessary to determine the methods and means of training, training load, as well as their schedule and frequency in the phases of sports preparation. The age of an athlete stands out as the most important factor of individualization. It is necessary to give high attention to the training of explosive power because it is an effective means that contributes to the efficiency of the basketball player.
Synthesis and structure of thiourea derivatives of functionally substituted pyridines
Authors:   Institute of Organic Synthesis and Coal Chemistry of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Nurkenov O.A. , Fazylov S.D. ,   Institute of Organic Synthesis and Coal Chemistry of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Seilkhanov T.M. ,   Sh. Ualikhanov Kokshetau University, Nurmaganbetov Zh. ,   nstitute of Organic Synthesis and Coal Chemistry of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Karaganda, Kazakhstan, Gazaliev A.M. ,   nstitute of Organic Synthesis and Coal Chemistry of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Karaganda, Kazakhstan, Karipova G.Zh. ,   nstitute of Organic Synthesis and Coal Chemistry of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Karaganda, Kazakhstan
Published: March 2021

The article presents data on the synthesis and study of the structure of thiourea derivatives of functionally substituted pyridines. New thiourea derivatives containing a pharmacologically active pyridine moiety in their structure were obtained. As the starting synton, 2-amino-5-bromopyridine, 2-amino-3-hydroxypyridine and 2-aminomethylpyridine were selected. It was shown that the interaction of 2-amino-5-bromopyridine, 2-amino-3-hydroxypyridine and 2-aminomethylpyridine with ethyl and phenylisothiocyanates in ethanol leads to the formation of the corresponding pyridine-containing thioureas. The synthesis of the initial isothiocyanates was carriedout in situ from the corresponding acidic chlorides (benzoyl chloride and p-brombenzoyl chloride) by heating them with potassium thiocyanate in acetone. The structure of the synthe-sized compounds was studied by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, as well as by the data of two-dimensional spectra of COSY (1H-1H) and HMQC (1H-13C). The values of chemical shifts, multiplicity, and integrated in-tensity of 1H and 13C signals in one-dimensional NMR spectra were determined. Using spectra in the formats COSY (1Н-1Н) and HMQC (1Н-13С), homo-and heteronuclear interactions were established, confirming the structure of the studied compounds.
1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy for identification of carbamide-containing biologically active compounds
Authors:   National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia, Bakibaev A.A. , Panshina S.Yu. ,   National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia, Ponomarenko O.V. ,   L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, Malkov V.S. ,   National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia, Kotelnikov O.A. ,   National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia, Tashenov A.K. ,   L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
Published: March 2021

Urea (carbamide) is the main end product of amino acids' metabolism in mammals. Extensive research in the field of urea chemistryhas contributed to the creation of many biologically active and other compounds based on the carbamide fragment NH–CO–NH. The substituting groups of urea directly affect its properties and characteristics which are reflected in the NMR spectral data and this circumstance can be the basis for the identification of urea derivatives. In this work, chemical shifts in the NMR spectra of urea and its acyclic structure, barbituric series, imidazolidinone series and bicyclic structure derivativeswere studied and identi-fied. A system analysis was carried out to determine the effect of the type of substituents on the positions of signals of the NH-CO-NH fragment in the NMR spectra. The possibility of 2D NMR spectroscopy using to simplify the identification procedurefor complex mixtureswas shown in the paper. The combined use of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy is convenient and informative to establishthe structure of biologically active compounds. These methods make it possible to determine the presence and type of impurities, as well as to establish thedestruction processes leading to the corresponding impurities.
Risk Factors for Postinduction Hypotension among Elderly Patients Undergoing Elective Non-Cardiac Surgery under General Anesthesia
Authors: Sutthibenjakul Karuna , Chatmongkolchart Sunisa
Published: March 2021

Objective: We aimed to determine risk factors for hypotension occurring after induction among elderly patients (aged 65 years and older). We hypothesized that the dosage of intravenous anesthesia drugs as well as the type of inhalation agent have an effect on hypotension during post-induction periods. We aimed to test this hypothesis to determine risk factors for hypotension after induction among elderly patients who underwent non-cardiac surgery.Material and Methods: This retrospective cohort study analyzed data from 580 patients between December 2017 and July 2018 at a tertiary university hospital in the south of Thailand. Hypotension is defined as a more than 30.0% decrease in mean arterial pressure from baseline after induction and within 20 minutes of the use of a vasopressor agent to treat hypotension. The intraoperative parameters were blood pressure and heart rate immediately after arrival at the operating room, immediately after intubation, and 5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes after intubation.Results: The median age was 72.5 (68, 78) years. The association of post-induction hypotension was raised with a diuretic drug as preoperative medication (p-value=0.025), and the degree of hypertension immediately after arrival at the operating room (p-value<0.001). Increasing fentanyl dosage during induction was associated with hypotension (p-value<0.010). There was no statistically significant difference in the increase of the propofol dosage.Conclusion: The degree of hypertension immediately after arrival at the operating room coupled with higher fentanyl dosage were significant risk factors for postinduction hypotension in elderly patients.
“Philosopher” and “Philosophy” in Kyivan Rus’ Written Sources: of the 11-14th centuries. The Need for a new Asking of the “Old” Question
Authors:   Hr. Skovoroda Institute of Philosophy, NAS Ukraine, Kyrychok Oleksandr
Published: March 2021

The author justifies the need to return to an analysis of the meaning of such words as “philosophy” and “philosopher” in the Kyivan Rus’ written sources of the 11th–14th centuries. In the author’s view, this is explained not only by the inaccuracies the earlier research committed but also by the necessity to take contemporary achievements of Byzantine philosophical historiography into account. The author concludes that the preserved Kyivan Rus’ written sources reflect certain Byzantine interpretations of the words “philosopher” and “philosophy” as understood within particular interpretive frameworks: philosophy may refer to a specifically “Christian” or “external” philosophy, presuppose rational or mystical comprehension of divine wisdom, become verbalized or not. Some sources probably espouse an understanding of philosophy as a practice of true life. The word “philosopher” had different connotations, as well. It referred to advisers or officeholders at the court of the Byzantine emperor, wise princes, church intellectuals, connoisseurs of biblical books, etc. The author invalidates the idea that in Kyivan Rus’, there existed a holistic understanding of philosophy and philosophers. Instead, one should interpret these words as having a limited plurality of meanings.