bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Konjenital Myojenik Pitoziste Whitnall Askılama Sonuçlarımız
Authors: DOGAN Semih
Published: July 2022

ÖzetAmaç: Levator fonksiyonu kötü doğumsal üst göz kapağı düşüklüğünde Whitnall askılama ameliyatı uyguladığımız hastaların klinik özelliklerini ve cerrahi sonuçlarını sunmak.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Haseki Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi’nde 2003-2005 yıllarında Whitnall askı cerrahisi uygulanan 11 hastanın 15 gözü çalışmaya alındı. Hastaların dördü kadın, yedisi erkek olup, yaşları 5 ile 40 yıl arasındaydı. Göz kapağı düşüklüğü dışında sistemik ve oküler patolojileri olanlar çalışmaya alınmadı. Tüm hastalarda anterior yaklaşımla kapak kıvrım insizyonu ile Whitnall askı cerrahisi uygulandı. Üst göz kapağı konturunun düzenli olması ve kapak çizgisinin simetrik olması şartıyla, sonuçlar tam düzelme ve bir milimetreden (mm) az kapak düşüklüğü olanlarda ‘başarılı’, 1-2 mm kapak düşüklüğü olanlarda ‘tatminkâr’, iki mm den daha fazla kapak düşüklüğü olanlarda ise ‘başarısız’ olarak değerlendirildi.Bulgular: Ameliyat sonrası 6. ayda hiçbir hastada kapak kontür düzensizliği ve enfeksiyon gibi komplikasyonlar izlenmedi. Bir hastada iki mm’den fazla kapak düşüklüğü olması nedeniyle sonuç başarısız kabul edildi. Bir hasta ise 1-2 mm arasında kapak düşüklüğü olmasına rağmen optik aks açık olduğu için sonuç tatminkâr olarak değerlendirildi. Dokuz hastanın 13 gözünde (%86.7) ise bir mm’nin altında kapak düşüklüğü vardı ve sonuç başarılı olarak değerlendirildi.Sonuç: Kötü levator fonksiyonlu hastalarda Whitnall askı cerrahisi başarı oranı yüksek ve komplikasyon oranı düşük bir tekniktir. Uzun dönem sonuçlar için karşılaştırmalı geniş serili prospektif çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.
Femur Boyun Kırığı Tanısı ile Yatan Hastalarda Beslenme Desteğini Önemsiyor muyuz?
Authors: YILDIZ Emel , YILDIZ Halil , ARIK Özlem , ÖZYİĞİT Filiz.ozyigit
Published: July 2022

ÖzetAmaç: Femur boyun kırıkları (FBK), proksimal femurun intrakapsüler bölgesinde oluşan kırıklardır. Femur proksimalindeki kırıkların insidansı yaşla doğru orantılı olarak artış gösterir. FBK yüksek mortalite ve morbiditeye neden olan kırıklardır. Yetersiz beslenme de bu hastaların sorunlarından biridir. Bu çalışmada FBK nedeni ile hastanemize yatışı yapılan hastalarda gerekli beslenme takibinin öneminin ortaya konulması amaçlandı.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Kütahya Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Evliya Çelebi Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi’ne 2017-2018 yılları arasında FBK tanısı ile yatan hastalara ait veriler retrospektif olarak hasta dosyası ve hastane otomasyon sisteminden tarandı. Çalışmaya 229 hasta dâhil edildi. Hastaların yatış tanıları, yaşve cinsiyeti, albümin, C-reaktif protein (CRP), lenfosit tahlilleri değerlendirildi. Hastanemiz otomasyon sisteminde her yatan hasta için yapılan nutrisyon risk skorlamasına (NRS-2002) bakıldı. Nutrisyon desteği için, beslenme destek ekibinden (BDE) konsültasyon istenip-istenmediğine bakıldı.Bulgular: Çalışmaya dâhil edilen hastaların ortalama yaşları 74 olarak bulundu. Hastaların %79.3’ü 65 yaş üstündeyken, %20.97’si 65 yaş altıydı. Hastaların %65.1`inin albümin, %24.5`inin lenfosit, %88.2`sinin ise CRP değeri normal aralıklar dışında olduğu tespit edildi. Hastaların albümin ve yaş değişkeni arasında negatif yönde, istatistiksel açıdan %41`lik anlamlı bir ilişki vardı (p<0.05). NRS-2002`ye bakıldığında ise %94.8`i hesaplanmamış olarak görüldü. Hastaların hiçbirinden BDE›den konsültasyon istenmediği görüldü.Sonuç: Kalça kırığı hastalarının perioperatif beslenme desteğinin göz önünde bulundurulması hastalarda morbidite ve mortaliteyi azaltıp, yaşam kalitesini iyileştirebilir. Biz, çalışmamızda beslenme desteğine daha çok önem verilmesinin gerekliliğini ortaya koyduk.
Lester Kruger Born, Ernst Maximilian Posner, and the American Influence on the Reshaping of German Archives after the Second World War
Authors: Haas Philip , Schürrer Martin
Published: July 2022

At the end of the Second World War, the collapse of the Prussian archival system lead to a gap in archival administration. Education and training of archivsts who broke ties with Nazi-era principles, and who adopted ties to American archival theory and practice, became a priority. This article first examines the contribution of American archival protection officers to this endeavor, including the establishment of an archival school in the American Zone, and the influence of Ernst Posner's archival theory. This article examines the historical context of these events and concludes by asking the question of what traces the American commitment has left behind in the archival system of Germany.
The outcome of newborn babies born to COVID-19 positive mothers - An observational study from Eastern India
Authors: S Basu , N Ghose , S Mollick
Published: July 2022

Background: The study was done on outcome of the newborns born to COVID-19 positive mothers in a tertiary care hospital. Method: For this retrospective observational study, the COVID-positive mothers who delivered between August 1, 2020 to July 31, 2021 were identified. The mothers belonged to middle socioeconomic group, had regular antenatal care and had access to good nutrition and healthcare. The data of their babies was collected. All the babies had a Reverse-Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RTPCR) test for diagnosis of COVID-19 infection. The babies who were well, were roomed in with their mothers and exclusively breastfed. Sick babies were admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). They were managed according to standard guidelines. No COVID-specific treatment was given to any of them. Their course in the hospital was recorded and the data analysed. Results: Among 52 babies, only 18.4% were positive on RTPCR testing. 32.7% were preterm. 23 (44.2%) babies required NICU admission while the rest were roomed in with the mother. Out of the 23 NICU admissions, 14 (26.9%) of them had sepsis, 6 (11.5%) had RDS, 6 (11.5%) had pneumonia, 14 (26.9%) had hyperbilirubinaemia while 2 (3.8%) had meningitis. None of the babies fulfilled the criteria for neonatal multisystem inflammatory syndrome. The babies who were positive on RTPCR testing were found to have some complications, of which sepsis and hyprerbilirubinaemia were the most frequent. Most of the babies required only appropriate supportive care with intravenous (IV) fluids, antibiotics and phototherapy. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) was administered to 3 (3.8%) babies for RDS and 2 of them needed mechanical ventilation. All the babies were discharged in a stable condition. Conclusion: The rate of perinatal acquisition is low. The babies of COVID positive mothers respond well to treatment, and more than half are asymptomatic. They are not at increased risk of mortality though there are complications needing treatment. Keywords: SARS-COV2; pregnancy; preterm; perinatal; neonatal; COVID-19, RTPCR; sepsis; hyperbilirubinaemia
Diagnostic hysteroscopy is a better method for diagnosis and management of abnormal uterine bleeding than traditional methods – An Indian perspective
Authors: D Biswas , R Kanniga , R Ratnani , R Ray
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is one of the common problems affecting at least one fourth women in reproductive age group. Currently transabdominal and transvaginal sonography is the most commonly used primary screening modality, whereas uterine dilatation and curettage (D&C) is most the commonly used technique for diagnosis and obtain uterine biopsy. However they have various disadvantages. Diagnostic hysteroscopy and biopsy is gradually emerging as the gold standard for AUB. This study evaluates the role of hysteroscopy in diagnosing various intrauterine pathologies. Materials and methods: This study was a hospital record based retrospective observational study. Data of 172 patients who underwent hysteroscopy for AUB were included and hysteroscopic diagnosis was compared with final histopathology to find out the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of hysteroscopy for diagnosing various common intrauterine pathology. Results: Results show that hysteroscopy has high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of intrauterine pathology. The study results are in concordance with the findings in few other similar studies. Conclusion: The authors recommend preferring use of this technique over traditional D&C for both diagnostic and therapeutic indications in AUB. Keywords: metrorrhagia, hysteroscopy; uterine; dilatation; curettage
Factors affecting diabetes mellitus among rural geriatric population in Tigiria Block of Odisha: Findings from AHSETS study
Authors: S Sethi , S Sethi , JS Kshatri , RR Nayak , PC Pradhan , T Bhoi
Published: July 2022

Background: In India, the population of elderly is predicted that it will be increased from 8% in 2015 to 19% in 2050. Geriatric population contributes around 9% of the total Odisha population and 86.3% of them reside in rural areas. The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and find out its risk factors among rural geriatric population in Tigiria block of Odisha, India. Methods: This was a community-based study, cross-sectional in design among 725 rural geriatric populations of Odisha. Socio-demographic information was collected following the standard census of India operational definitions. Self-reported diabetes mellitus status was collected and classified as "present" or "absent". Statistical analysis was performed using "R version 4.0.4". Results: Among the total elderly, 88 (12.13%) participants were diagnosed with diabetes. Common factors found to be significant with diabetes were illiterates (AOR=0.32, CI=0.125-0.817), not working elderly (AOR=2.51, CI=1.103-5.723), high socioeconomic status (AOR=3.79, CI=1.351-10.632) and overweight elderly (AOR=2.19, CI=1.286-3.753) respectively. Conclusion: The frequency of diabetes mellitus among rural geriatric population is less but the risk is high among those not working, literate, with higher SES and overweight elderly group. The researcher should emphasize real-time diagnosis of blood sugar levels using standardized measures among the rural elderly population. Keywords: diabetes mellitus; geriatric population; rural; Odisha
Bandwidth Allocation Mechanism based on Users' Web Usage Patterns for Campus Networks
Authors: Paredes Rolysent , Sison Ariel M , Medina Ruji P
Published: July 2022

Managing the bandwidth in campus networks becomes a challenge in recent years. The limited bandwidth resource and continuous growth of users make the IT managers think on the strategies concerning bandwidth allocation. This paper introduces a mechanism for allocating bandwidth based on the users’ web usage patterns. The main purpose is to set a higher bandwidth to the users who are inclined to browsing educational websites compared to those who are not. In attaining this proposed technique, some stages need to be done. These are the preprocessing of the weblogs, class labeling of the dataset, computation of the feature subspaces, training for the development of the ANN for LDA/GSVD algorithm, visualization, and bandwidth allocation. The proposed method was applied to real weblogs from university’s proxy servers. The results indicate that the proposed method is useful in classifying those users who used the internet in an educational way and those who are not. Thus, the developed ANN for LDA/GSVD algorithm outperformed the existing algorithm up to 50% which indicates that this approach is efficient. Further, based on the results, few users browsed educational contents. Through this mechanism, users will be encouraged to use the internet for educational purposes. Moreover, IT managers can make better plans to optimize the distribution of bandwidth.
Redundancy Elimination with Coverage Preserving algorithm in Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Biradar Shobha , Mallikarjuna Shastry P M
Published: July 2022

In Wireless Sensor Network, the sensor nodes are deployed using random or deterministic deployment methods. Many applications prefer random deployment for deploying the sensor nodes. Random deployment is the main cause of redundancy. Detection and elimination of redundant sensor nodes while preserving coverage is very important issue after the sensor nodes are deployed randomly in the region of interest. The redundancy elimination with coverage preserving algorithm is proposed in this paper and the results are presented. The proposed algorithm determines redundant sensor nodes and also the sensor nodes which provide the least coverage of region of interest. If two sensor nodes cover same area or if the Euclidian distance between two nodes is less than 25% of sensing range of a sensor node, the sensor which is not located at optimal position will be deactivated, so that, it reduces the number of optimal nodes required to cover complete region of interest. This in turn increases the lifetime of the network. The simulation results illustrate that the proposed algorithm preserves 100% coverage or region of interest by removing redundant nodes and also the nodes which provide the least coverage of region of interest. It also reduces the number of optimal nodes required to provide 100% coverage of region of interest.
Systematic Review of Internet of Things Security
Authors: Amiruddin Amiruddin , Ratna Anak Agung Putri , Sari Riri Fitri
Published: July 2022

The Internet of Things has become a new paradigm of current communications technology that requires a deeper overview to map its application domains, advantages, and disadvantages. There have been a number of in-depth research efforts to study various aspects of IoT. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no literature that have discussed specifically and deeply about the security and privacy aspects of IoT. To that end, this paper aims at providing a more comprehensive and systematic review of IoT security based on the survey result of the most recent literature over the past three years (2015 to 2017). We have classified IoT security research based on the research objectives, application domains, vulner-abilities/threats, countermeasures, platforms, proto-cols, and performance measurements. We have also provided some security challenges for further research.
Cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention after acute myocardial infarction: a modern view on the problem
Authors: Sayutina Elena V. , Osadchuk Mikhail A. , Romanov Boris K. , Tuaeva Elena M. , Butorova Ludmila I. , Dibirova Gyulnara O. , Kireeva Natalya V. , Korzhenkov Nikolay P.
Published: July 2022

Cardiovascular diseases remain a heavy socioeconomic burden in the modern world, claiming up to four million lives annually, including one million of the Russian population. Most often, cardiovascular mortality is associated with chronic coronary heart disease and its complications. Despite the progress in the treatment of acute coronary syndrome in the acute disease phase, the problem of recurrent coronary events and associated adequate rehabilitation remains unresolved. Modern Russian and European recommendations for cardiovascular rehabilitation present the main directions of secondary prevention of myocardial infarction, which summarize the global and Russian evidence-based medicine data on the problem and are based on the principles of phasing, continuity, succession, and multidisciplinary approach to the patient management. This review focuses on the problems and shortcomings of secondary prevention and cardiac rehabilitation at the patient, doctor, and healthcare system levels. In addition, contemporary approaches to their elimination are described. The necessity and importance of individual training and informing patients and the formation of their sustainable commitment to a healthy lifestyle and therapeutic and preventive measures prescribed by modern guidelines on this issue are emphasized.
Law time in Philosophical and Legal Research
Authors: Skorobogatov Andrey V. , Krasnov Alexandr V.
Published: July 2022

Research is devoted to the category of law time, which is urged to unveil features of functioning and development of temporary characteristics of the law as the dynamic phenomenon of law reality.
The relevance of the subject lies in the basic specifics of time in law and the definition of the place and role of time in law, in the context of law processes.
The purpose of this research is the formation of evidence-based knowledge of the essence, contents, and types of law time as a social construct.
The methodology is based on a synthesis of sociological phenomenology and integrative law consciousness that allows a consideration of law time in the categorial and substantial relation at various levels of law reality.
In the category of philosophy of law, law time is considered in this article through a prism of law communication during which there is a designing and functioning of this category. Law time is shown in horizontal and vertical law communication.
As the social construct, the period, speed, and a vector, are used, which reveal the properties and characteristics of law time. Law time is characterized by its limitation in a chronological framework; the continuity assuming continuity and changes mainly of quantitative character; recurrence, in combination with operation of the dialectic law of denial of denial; fractality, which assumes the accounting of both internal and external factors, including both the situational, and strategic analysis; unevenness occurring in the law reality of processes; by intensity, which determines the pace of law communication; and by intentionality, which determines the temporal orientation of law communication.
Law time is investigated by the authors chronologically as limits of the relevant law acts and processes; temporal as perception and interpretation of the law phenomena from the point of view of their direction and sequence; conceptually, from the point of view of the most abstract perception of time and an orientation of the processes happening in law reality in the context of law being in general.
Legal Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Foreign Practices
Authors: Matyuk Yulia S.
Published: July 2022

The rapid development and increasing use of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies bring to the fore issues related to the legal regulation of these technologies. Currently, more than 80 countries have developed conceptual and policy documents and doctrinal acts that define the framework, principles of regulation, and key guidelines for the development of digital technologies. In this context, one of the key objectives of this study is to make a comparative analysis of the international experience in the use and legal regulation of digital technologies, and in particular, AI in digital public communications. A comparative research methodology was chosen, which was used to study legal experiences of regulating AI worldwide. The doctrinal-political and ethical documents and the current regulatory legal acts of different states were analyzed. It was not possible to consider all the sources available today within the framework of this study; thus, the study was limited to the legal experiences of countries with the highest levels of development of AI technologies and their corresponding legal regulations. The results of the study showed that currently, the main legal instruments in the regulation of AI are strategies and conceptual and program acts. Their significant drawbacks are the focus on commercial purposes, problems of optimizing the management process, and provision of public services. The formation of institutions and complexes, as well as effective mechanisms for protecting the rights, freedoms, and legitimate interests of citizens and their organizations, is given very little importance. There is a global trend of transitioning from acts of a recommendatory nature to generally binding legislative regulation in this sphere. Ethical coding and professional sociotechnological standards seem to be the primary options for the social regulation of the development and implementation of AI technologies, and legal regulation is effective in the field of coding the operation of these technologies.
Enhancing Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapeutic Potential Through mTOR Inhibition
Authors:   , Stukenborg Lisa M. , Sell Christian
Published: July 2022

Despite our best efforts to avoid growing older, aging is an inevitable phenomenon that affects all living organisms. The aging process results from normal biological processes that are necessary for maintaining cellular homeostasis, including protein translation and regulation, lipid and nucleotide biosynthesis, nuclear maintenance and chromatin modifications. Over time, cells begin to accumulate damage, enter a unique state known as senescence, disrupting their functionality and thereby contributing to a reduction in organismal lifespan. One of the hallmarks of senescence is an irreversible arrest of the cell cycle resulting in cells which are no longer able to proliferate. Since its discovery, senescence in somatic cells has been well defined, but there are still limitations of our knowledge regarding senescence in stem cells, however, a progressive decline in adult stem cell function is a feature of aged tissues and contributes to multiple age-related diseases. Of particular interest are bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, also known as bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), which are multipotent and have significant therapeutic potential. In this study, we aimed to understand senescence in human bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells. In addition, we examined the impact of inhibiting the mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), using rapamycin, on senescence in BMSCs. We found that stem cells undergo senescence similarly to somatic cells, but also have unique features that have not yet been reported. Due to the implications of senescence in various diseases, this research helps shed light on the role of stem cells during organismal aging.
Holomorphic Embedded State Estimation for AC-DC Power Systems
Authors:   , Cruz Shaun Mendoza , Miu Karen Nan
Published: July 2022

The desire for more autonomous and resilient architectures coupled with the increased inclusion of power electronics is shifting the topology of power systems to be more integrated alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) where AC dominance can no longer be assumed. Because of the unique physical and mathematical properties of AC-DC power systems, existing tools for power system development and operation may require modification and/or a new approach may be warranted. Issues encountered by AC-DC power systems will require the development of new and practical tools, analyses, and algorithms. State estimation is a key component in the operation and control efforts of power systems. The objective of state estimation is to provide an estimate of the complex voltages values at all buses for a power system, given redundant measurements of varying accuracy. The traditional approach to solving the static state estimation problem is to utilize a non-linear weighted least squares approach solved via iterative methods. Traditional AC-DC state estimation methods will be more prone to convergence issues as the amount of DC subsystems increases and system stability is stressed due to larger and more dynamic loads. This work proposes a non-iterative approach to the static state estimation problem applied to AC-DC power systems. Specifically, it details the development of the Holomorphic Embedded State Estimation (HESE) method. By employing a holomorphic embedding approach, the state estimation problem is framed in the field of complex analysis and analytic continuation. By taking advantage of strategic complex embedding and features of holomorphic functions, a non-iterative state estimator is developed which does not inherit the convergence issues derived from the nature of iterative solvers. The results of the HESE method applied to a physical AC power system, simulated DC power system, and simulated AC-DC converter is discussed. Finally, results of the application of the HESE method to a simulated AC-DC power system in a sequential and unified fashion is discussed.
Classification of insight and analytic problem-solving using an interpretable deep-learning model based on single-trial EEG data
Authors:   , Oh Yongtaek , Kounios John
Published: July 2022

When people solve a given problem, there are two types of processing modes that can be employed: Insight and Analysis. Insight is an interesting cognitive phenomenon in which an individual experiences a sudden realization of the solution. Insight often involves restructuring of the conceptual or perceptual set giving rise to generation of creative ideas. Although research effort on insight using neuroimaging techniques has expanded and numerous exciting findings have been reported, most of the works utilize trial-averaging approach which ultimately reflect the brain dynamics of average brain but less of the brain differences within- and between-individuals. The aim of this project was to build an interpretable Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model that can classify insight and analytic problem solving at single-trial level. To investigate significant insight-analytic differences at both trial-averaging and single-trial approaches, 89-subject EEG datasets from two studies were processed using fully automated pipeline. Using Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) as a means of mass-univariate testing, significant insight-analytic differences were observed at beta-gamma frequency band around 1 second pre-solution, replicating temporal and anatomical location from the previous work. Training a machine learning model using activation from this analysis resulted in a chance-level classification accuracy. Using four time-segment ensemble of EEGNet, a CNN-based architecture capable of extracting spectro-spatial features, a whole-group level test classification accuracy of 66.3% was achieved using combined dataset, with true insight rate of 74.5%. Classification at individual-level only resulted in a modest test accuracy of 51.7%, with true insight rate of 68.8%. Extraction of hidden layer weights from spatial filters and subsequent dipole localization showed brain areas associated at respective stages, including internal-oriented attention during preparatory interval, working memory and inhibitory control during problem solving, and motor response during solution realization. The result from individual level testing suggests the possibility of individual variability in self-report and/or corresponding EEG activity during insight. In addition, further work on stabilization of model is necessary for reproducible feature extraction and evaluation.
Mucormycosis outbreak in India - What lead us to this crisis?
Authors: Prasad Rachana , Prasad Sachana , Kumari Ratna , khalkho Komal , Choudhary Rajesh Kumar
Published: July 2022

This is a retrospective study analysing the demographics, clinical characteristics, radiological findings and treatment of the 54 patients of rhino-sino-orbital or cerebral mucormycosis in a tertiary health care centre in Jharkhand. All patients with probable or proven mucormycosis were included in the study. A significant number (45%) of patients belonged to rural areas. About 20% of patients did not give history of COVID infection denoting association of mucormycosis in mild or asymptomatic COVID patients. There was a delay of approximately 11 days in seeking medical care leading to poorer outcome in patients. Diabetes was a major risk factor associated with 83% of the patients. Steroid was given as treatment in 80%of the patients who had COVID - 19. Extensive disease was seen in 37% of the patients suggesting that the mucormycosis was more devastating during the outbreak as compared to pre- covid times.
An insight into globus pharyngeus: A diagnostic dilemma
Authors: Kaushal Darwin , Chauhan Neha , Sharma Sonali
Published: July 2022

Globus pharyngeus is a common disorder encountered in patients in Otorhinolaryngology out-patient department. Patients often express this as a feeling of foreign body stuck in throat or choking sensation in throat. Detailed history and investigations are needed to rule out malignancy. Patient should be thoroughly counselled to relieve anxiety.
El poder del currículo para transformar la educación: cómo los sistemas educativos incorporan las habilidades del siglo XXI para preparar a los estudiantes ante los desafíos actuales
Authors: Mateo-Berganza Díaz María Mercedes , Lim JungKyu Rhys , Pellicer Iborra Carmen , López Esteve , Rodríguez Henar , López Rosa , Margo Mazo Carlos , Andrea Vásquez Guerra , Quesada Alvarado Ana Virginia , Brooks-Young Susan , Álvarez Ximena , Ramos Yolanda , Rivas Axel , Barrenechea Ignacio , Brãzo Vasco , Ndebele Varaidzo , Nathan Debra , Groot Bibi
Published: July 2022

La reforma curricular ocupa hoy un lugar destacado en la agenda educativa. Las brechas de habilidades entre lo que la sociedad y el mercado laboral demandan y lo que los sistemas formales de educación y formación proporcionan son cada vez mayores. El currículo es el principal instrumento de los sistemas educativos para traducir a contenidos, competencias y habilidades específicas, lo que la sociedad necesita, en términos de capital humano. Refleja los estándares de lo que los estudiantes deben saber y ser capaces de hacer al final de sus años escolares y formativos. Sin embargo, independientemente del enfoque que adopten los sistemas educativos para diseñar sus currículos, no siempre existe una correspondencia directa entre los estándares previstos sobre el papel (esto es, el currículo previsto) y la enseñanza y el aprendizaje reales que se producen, efectivamente, en el aula (es decir, el currículo de facto). Este informe examina cómo diferentes sistemas educativos dentro y fuera de la región de América Latina y el Caribe han incorporado las competencias del siglo XXI en sus currículos, y las condiciones que permiten trasladar el plan de estudios previsto a un plan de estudios de facto en el aula. La forma en la que se eduque y forme a las personas hoy determinará si los países de la región podrán transformarse y ofrecer mayor prosperidad y oportunidades para todos.
Influence of surface roughness on the heat transfer coefficient of fluids in an additively manufactured supercharger
Authors: Smekalkin A. S. , Ivanov A. V.
Published: July 2022

The supercharger is intended for heating a fluid (gaseous helium or gaseous nitrogen) used for the pressurization of fuel tanks of oxidizer and propellant of a rocket engine. The fluid is heated with the generator gas downstream the turbine. A supercharger with increased channel surface roughness was made according to an additive technology. High roughness is one of the features of producing parts by selective laser melting. The article presents a method of calculating the heat transfer of generator gas and nitrogen, as well as the results of heat transfer both with and without account of the surface roughness in the channels of the liquid-propellant engines additively manufactured supercharger. Firing tests were carried out at the research base of NPO Energomash JSC. The calculated and experimental values of the temperature of the working medium at the outlet of the supercharger are compared.
A review of hybrid additive manufacturing of metal parts
Authors: Balyakin A. V. , Oleynik M. A. , Zlobin E. P. , Skuratov D. L.
Published: July 2022

This article provides an overview of the latest developments in the field of hybrid additive manufacturing of metal parts. The concept and various kinds of additive manufacturing are discussed. Special attention is paid to hybridization of additive technologies and various processes of forming: die forging, deep drawing, and others. The background and significance of the technologies, as well as their applicability in production are presented. The combination of additive manufacturing with forming processes is carried out with a dual purpose: to expand the area of application of additive manufacturing and overcome its limitations associated with low productivity, metallurgical defects, surface roughness and lack of dimensional accuracy; new application of traditional forming processes.
Analysis of the factors determining the application of category management in the assortment policy of the company
Authors: Ilyenkova Karolina M. , Neganova Valentina  P.
Published: July 2022

In the conditions of dynamic changes in markets, globalization and the increasing struggle for customer loyalty in the implementation of the company's assortment policy, it becomes insufficient to use existing tools within the framework of traditional marketing. The introduction of category management, which combines the tools of both traditional marketing and relationship marketing, becomes necessary and minimally sufficient. The paper identifies and reveals four groups of main factors determining the application of this approach: external limiting, internal limiting, external stimulating and internal stimulating. The conducted research substantiates the need to use new tools in the implementation of the company's assortment policy aimed at meeting the needs of customers, in particular category management.
Gamification: pros, cons of its use in the project activities
Authors: Semyonova Olga V.
Published: July 2022

Today, the organization's project activities are recognizable methodology of the latest innovative activity. In the process of introducing such projects there are a number of tasks, the purpose of which is to obtain the required result. Of everything that is important for the effective achievement of the project goal, we single out following: Determine the boundaries of the project. The desire to expand or change the boundaries arises almost always, and here it is important to prescribe the appropriate changes in a timely manner, if any;. The main task of the project manager is communication; Terms of project execution; Motivation of staff for project tasks. Design tasks are always skill work with multitasking. It is important to avoid formal solutions here, since it is motivation that is one of the most effective tools for getting the result. It can be both tangible and intangible. Thus, many modern business enterprises have interesting initiatives (tasks) that are separated from daily operational tasks and formalized as a project. Any project activity begins with planning, where it is prescribed: goal, timing, responsible (project team), desired result. So, a project is a set of tasks aimed at the main goal, execution which you want to control. That is, on the one hand, the advantages increased attention of management to the execution of tasks, on the other hand understanding tangible and intangible value of the expected result of this project. In this article, we will consider all the pros and cons of intangible motivation in project activities, in this case we will consider specifically using an example gamification. Do they use it, if they use it, then what are the pros and cons can be, how to make it productive, but at the same time not overplay, and in general how to help her get the result.
Conditions for innovative development of the organization as socio-economic system in ensuring human capital management
Authors: Smolkin Valery P. , Svetunkov Maxim G.
Published: July 2022

The article justifies that the implementation of relevant reforms in modern Russia should be carried out taking into account world experience, with the interaction of economic and social efficiency. World practice shows a preference for social goals, taking into account the customs and national characteristics of the country. The authors note the basic organizational, economic and social conditions of innovative development of social and economic system of the organization, which should be reflected in the agreed programs of innovative development of human resources management (capital). The article explores the issues of human capital management of the organization as a socio-economic system. The authors substantiated the natural dependence of solving problems in the social sphere on the political and economic state of the country. Sound social policy is important as a catalyst for economic development and the well-being of society. Social expenditure in human resources (capital) is inevitably needed. As a result, they turn to increased productivity and quality of work, and increased consumption of products. The article clarifies the concepts of economic system, socio-economic system and gives a brief description and definitions of the concepts of system, structure2. The most important properties of socio-economic systems with the author's addition of separate properties of such systems are given. To systematize a huge variety of systems, its classification is given, supplemented by author's features. The article justifies that the main condition for the existence of any socio-economic system of the organization is the activity of the person himself. The main factor in the successful development of the socio-economic system of the organization is an innovative approach to activity. This approach represents the organization's response, as a socio-economic system, to changes in the internal and external environment taking place in market relations.
On the theory of optimization of transaction costs of multifactor manufacturing enterprises
Authors: Ilyina Elena A. , Saraev Leonid A.
Published: July 2022

The published article proposes mathematical models for calculating the optimal profit of multifactorial manufacturing enterprises that incur both production (transformational) and certain non-production (transactional) costs, the sources of which may be forced costs of searching for economic information, measuring the parameters of various goods, negotiating and the conclusion of contracts, for the development of specifications and the protection of property rights, for the opportunistic behavior of employees and managers of the enterprise, etc. Anumerical analysis of the presented models for calculating the optimal profit of multifactor enterprises that bear transaction costs shows the unattainability of the maximum possible profit values, since in practice the enterprise management maximizes not the profit itself, but its utility, expressed in the form of the corresponding transaction function.
Determination of the regression functions of learning curves in series cars production
Authors: Pavlov Oleg V.
Published: July 2022

The article deals with the problem of determining the regression functions of learning curves in the serial production of cars. According to the statistical data of the automobile manufacturing enterprise, four functions of a given type are constructed: Wright's power-law, Stanford-B power-law, exponential and logistic. The parameters of the learning curve functions are determined numerically using a nonlinear least squares method. The estimation of the significance and reliability of the regression models is carried out. It was found that the regression functions of learning curves in series cars production are best approximated by the Stanford-B power function.
Innovative component of the socio-economic system of the region
Authors: Smolkin Valery P.
Published: July 2022

The article discusses innovative activities carried out and projected in the socio-economic system of the region. The author discloses the content of the term region, as well as the features and principles of separation of structural objects of the region. An author's clarification of the definition of the region is proposed. The article analyzes various points of view of the region as a set of subsystems of controls. In the enlarged version, the region is presented as three subsystems: environmental, economic and social. The author examines and analyses the term "regional economy". The possible equality of the concepts of region and subject of the Russian Federation is being considered. The rationale for the concept of the region as a socio-economic system is given. A model of the socio-economic system of the region is proposed. The mission of the region is justified as a social subsystem aimed at solving social problems and improving the standard of living of the population of the region, which has a decisive impact on development, without the participation of which any transformation of any direction is impossible. A clarification of the interpretation of the concept socio-economic systems is proposed. In the article, innovative directions for the development of regions as socio-economic systems, emphasizing the intensification of strategic management of human resources (capital) in order to increase the standard of living of its population due to the improvement of the social sphere and, first of all, health care and education. The author proposes specific measures in the territorial labor market to stabilize the tense situation at the expense of the region's own funds.
Analysis of the effectiveness of digitalization of business in Russia and the experience of Germany
Authors: Anisimova Valeria Yu. , Sokolov Nikita S.
Published: July 2022

This article describes the development of the Russian Federation in a rapidly gaining pace of the digital transformation race. The article discloses the concept of digitalization and the elements included in it. An analysis of both weak and strong indicators of the country, necessary for the rapid restructuring of the business into a digital environment and the full competitiveness of enterprises, was carried out. For Russia, this is an important strategic task, since it is an opportunity to narrow the gap with the leaders of developed countries and equal them, or even lag behind them. When comparing the received information, factors are identified that inhibit the introduction of digital innovations, possible causes of their occurrence, and ways to eliminate them are proposed. Also, together with the progressive consequences of digitalization, the article deals with possible dangers arising from the transition to another industry. A detailed analysis of such potential threats and the adoption of timely measures will help make the transition more reliable and stable. It is noted that the digital business development strategy does not have one optimal option, it should be considered exclusively as a dynamic system with integrated development. Possible directions for the development of digitalization processes in Russia are given in the work.
Analysis of factors of increasing innovation activity of domestic enterprises
Authors: Podbornova Ekaterina S. , Melnikov Maxim A. , Gredasova Elena E.
Published: July 2022

Current trends show that the most relevant direction of maintaining competitiveness and obtaining competitive advantages of any state is the development of innovative technologies and knowledge-intensive industries. In this regard, the Russian government faces the task of forming a comprehensive innovation system based on its own technological developments. The fundamental factor contributing to the more effective development of such a system is the innovative activity of enterprises. It is necessary to consider it, as well as factors affecting its condition. It is also worth noting the uneven innovation activity characteristic of our country in different regions, depending mainly on the availability and development of key factors, such as economic infrastructure, financing, scale of production, etc. To date, the share of innovative products produced by theRussian Federation in the total volume of industrial production is approximately 6.7 %. The same indicator in developed countries is about 1619 %. Another characteristic feature of the Russian economy is the predominance of imports of innovative technologies over their exports. Large and medium-sized industrial enterprises have thegreatest innovation activity, and 60 % of their products are science-intensive.
Digital transformation of industrial enterprises based on intelligent solutions of the «Industry 4.0» concept
Authors: Stepanov Eugeny V.
Published: July 2022

Ensuring the competitiveness of domestic production is a necessary criterion for the stability of Russian economy in modern conditions of instability. Geopolitical disagreements, a pandemic, sanctions, insufficient provision of the component and resource base, the use of outdated technologies, increased purchase prices for materials, low purchasing power of the population all this leads to a slowdown in industrial production, adecrease in its efficiency, and, as a result, the loss of competitive positions on the world stage.
One of the possible ways to increase the efficiency of production, leveling external influences and ensuring the safety and competitiveness of the domestic market is to upgrade the production infrastructure. Currently, there is a qualitative increase in the level of development of innovative information technologies and their active introduction into industrial production processes, which is demonstrated by large foreign and domestic companies within the framework of the Industry 4.0 concept. Their example allows us to talk about the possibility of increasing the efficiency of industrial production and improving indicators, from which comes the need to consider the possibility of activating the integration processes of national developments and solutions in this area, mostly intellectual, based on national innovation potential.
Problems of financing and effectiveness of innovation activities
Authors: Yashin Sergey N. , Korobova Yuliya S. , Zakharova Yuliya V.
Published: July 2022

The article studies the problems of financing innovation by enterprises and their impact on the effectiveness of implemented innovative projects. The relevance of the work is evidenced by the priority of the problem of maintaining and strengthening the innovative development of Russia against the background of the unstable economic, political and epidemiological situation in the country and in the world. The article presents a study of the cost structure of innovative activities of organizations. A correlation analysis of the dependence of the innovation performance indicator on the costs of enterprises for innovation activities, involving the calculation of the Pearson correlation coefficient, is performed. The reliability of the revealed correlation was verified. The results of the study allow us to conclude that there is a direct correlation and a high strength of the relationship between the volume of innovation financing and their effectiveness. A set of measures is proposed to address the issues of financial support for innovative projects on the basis of improving the system of state support for innovation, as well as the formation of new digital tools and the development of infrastructure for digital platforms for financing innovation activities. A system of measures aimed at improving the effectiveness of innovations has also been developed, where one of the main provisions is the development of the intellectual potential of the scientific sphere and the system of cooperation between all participants in the innovation process.