bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Two‐in‐One Annealing Enables Dopant Free Block Copolymer Based Organic Solar Cells with over 16% Efficiency
Authors: Yao Shangfei , Yang Linji , Shi Shasha , Zhou Yang , Long Min , Zhang Wenhao , Cai Songlin , Huang Ciyuan , Liu Tao , Zou Bingsuo
Published: November 2022

Comprehensive Summary

The organic solar cells (OSCs) based on block copolymer systems bear the hope of achieving the optimal balance of power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability, but the key index, PCE of this type devices is still low. To improve the efficiency, regulating the thin‐film morphology is always the core engineering, which is usually achieved via two aspects: precursor optimization and post treatments. Herein, we extend our previous success in post treatments (two step annealing) to a novel two‐in‐one annealing tactic, which realizes limited phase separation and well‐connected domain distribution. As a result, the optimal PCE as high as 16.08%, representing the cutting‐edge level of block copolymer based OSCs (notably dopant free). Furthermore, a comprehensive study on all kinds of annealing methods is carried out, including TA, SVA, SVA+TA, TA+SVA and SVTA (the best one), and an in‐depth understanding is demonstrated, with the help of different characterizations.
Empirical‐process‐based specification tests for diffusion models
Authors: Chen Qiang , Gong Yuting , Wang Xunxiao
Published: November 2022

We develop two joint tests for the parametric drift and volatility functions of a diffusion model based on empirical processes. One key feature of our joint tests is that they account for different convergence rates of parameter estimators. The tests are of classical Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Cramér–von Mises types, and are asymptotically distribution free. The proposed tests have nontrivial power against a class of local alternatives with different convergence rates for the drift and volatility terms. Monte Carlo simulations show that the tests perform quite well in finite samples and outperform the nonparametric test of Hong and Li. The new tests are applied to EUR/USD exchange rate data and generate some interesting empirical findings that are consistent with our theoretical results and simulation studies.
Evaluation of Potential Food Effects and Drug Interactions With Lansoprazole in Healthy Adult Volunteers Receiving Futibatinib
Authors: Yamamiya Ikuo , Hunt Allen , Yamashita Fumiaki , Sonnichsen Daryl , He Yaohua , Benhadji Karim A.
Published: November 2022

Futibatinib, an oral, irreversible fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) 1–4 inhibitor, is being evaluated for FGFR‐aberrant tumors. Two open‐label phase 1 studies evaluated the effects of high‐fat, high‐calorie food and concomitant proton pump inhibitors (PPIs; lansoprazole) on single‐dose futibatinib (20 mg) pharmacokinetics and safety in healthy adults. In the food effect study (N  =  17), subjects received futibatinib under fed and fasted conditions, separated by a 7‐day washout. In the PPI study (N  =  20), subjects received futibatinib alone, underwent a 2‐day washout, and then received lansoprazole 60 mg once daily for 5 days, with futibatinib also administered on day 5. Under fed versus fasted conditions, futibatinib bioavailability was 11.2% lower (area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time 0 to infinity geometric mean ratio 88.8%; 90% confidence interval, 79.8%–98.9%), and median time to maximum plasma concentration was significantly delayed (4.0 vs 1.5 hours; P < .0001). There were no significant differences in futibatinib exposure between futibatinib plus lansoprazole and futibatinib alone. No serious adverse events occurred in either study. These findings suggest that food and PPIs are unlikely to have clinically meaningful impacts on futibatinib bioavailability. Thus, futibatinib may be used with or without food and concomitantly with acid‐reducing agents.
How international immigrants engage in sustainable entrepreneurship in their host countries? The moderating effects of collectivistic cultural values
Authors: Li Ji , Su Qianhong , Zhu Hong , Sun Wei , Zhang Ying
Published: November 2022

Using the in‐group lens of social identity, we study how difference in in‐group identity can lead to difference in sustainable entrepreneurship among international immigrants and their native counterparts. We also test how different dimensions of collectivism, that is, the institutional collectivism (IC) and in‐group collectivism (GC), can influence differently the relationship between in‐group identity and sustainable entrepreneurship. The results of our data analyses demonstrate a significant relationship between the in‐group identity and sustainable entrepreneurship, particularly green participation, at the societal level. Also, IC and GC moderate the relationship between the social identity and sustainable entrepreneurship. Finally, IC and GC also moderate the relationship between sustainable entrepreneurship and related satisfaction, although the directions of the moderating effects are different. Implications for future research and managerial practice are discussed at the end of this article.
Demographic history and gene flow in the peatmosses Sphagnum recurvum and Sphagnum flexuosum (Bryophyta: Sphagnaceae)
Authors: Imwattana Karn , Aguero Blanka , Duffy Aaron , Shaw A. Jonathan
Published: November 2022

Population size changes and gene flow are processes that can have significant impacts on evolution. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of geography to patterns of gene flow and population size changes in a pair of closely related Sphagnum (peatmoss) species: S. recurvum and S. flexuosum. Both species occur in eastern North America, and S. flexuosum also occurs in Europe. Genetic data from restriction‐site‐associated DNA sequencing (RAD‐seq) were used in this study. Analyses of gene flow were accomplished using coalescent simulations of site frequency spectra (SFSs). Signatures of gene flow were confirmed by f4 statistics. For S. flexuosum, genetic diversity of plants in glaciated areas appeared to be lower than that in unglaciated areas, suggesting that glaciation can have an impact on effective population sizes. There is asymmetric gene flow from eastern North America to Europe, suggesting that Europe might have been colonized by plants from eastern North America after the last glacial maximum. The rate of gene flow between S. flexuosum and S. recurvum is lower than that between geographically disjunct S. flexuosum populations. The rate of gene flow between species is higher among sympatric plants of the two species than between currently allopatric S. flexuosum populations. There was also gene flow from S. recurvum to the ancestor S. flexuosum on both continents which occurred through secondary contact. These results illustrate a complex history of interspecific gene flow between S. flexuosum and S. recurvum, which occurred in at least two phases: between ancestral populations after secondary contact and between currently sympatric plants.
Genetic population structure and demographic history of the endemic fish Paralichthys olivaceus of the Northwest Pacific Ocean
Authors: Sun Cheng‐He , Yang Fan , Huang Qi , Zeng Xiao‐Shu , Zhang Ya‐Nan , Li Sha , Yu Jian‐Feng , Zhang Qun
Published: November 2022

The Northwest Pacific marginal waters comprising the South China Sea, East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and the Sea of Japan have unique geomorphic features. The Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus, which is endemic to the Northwest Pacific, has high nutritional, economic, and ecological value. To allow the examination of the demographic history and population structure of the most common P. olivaceus species range over the five marginal seas (East China Sea, Yellow Sea, Bohai Sea, Northwest Pacific Ocean, and the Sea of Japan), the mitochondrial DNA control region of 91 individuals from six populations in China was sequenced. These sequences were combined with 233 sequences from four populations distributed in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean for analysis. Higher levels of nucleotide diversity (0.032 ± 0.016) and haplotype diversity (0.996 ± 0.001) were observed. The peripheral Fuqing population in the East China Sea had the relatively lowest genetic diversity and highest differentiation. Furthermore, when the results of the isolation by distance test, spatial analysis of molecular variation and geographic barrier analysis are also considered, there is a clear need to prioritize resource conservation and enhancement measures in this area. The phylogenetic trees, structure assignment test, and haplotypes network revealed no significant differences in the genealogical structure among ten populations. Mismatch distribution analysis, Bayesian skyline plots, and neutrality tests suggested that P. olivaceus experienced population expansion during the Pleistocene. Ocean currents and climate change play important roles in shaping the geographical distribution and genetic population structure of P. olivaceus.
Two‐Dimensional Multicomponent Quasicrystal as Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Alkaline Oxygen and Hydrogen Evolution Reactions
Authors: Mishra Shashank Shekhar , Kumbhakar Partha , Nellaiappan Subramanian , Katiyar Nirmal Kumar , Tromer Raphael , Woellner Cristiano F. , Galvao Douglas S. , Tiwary Chandra S. , Ghosh Chanchal , Dasgupta Arup , Biswas Krishanu
Published: November 2022

The presence of weak interlayer interactions and in‐plane covalent character in quasicrystals facilitate the synthesis of the two‐dimensional multicomponent alloy by chemical exfoliation. The first large‐scale formation of atomically thin 2D sheets by chemical exfoliation from the multicomponent Al70Co10Fe5Ni10Cu5 decagonal quasicrystalline alloy is reported. The exfoliated ultrathin two‐dimensional multicomponent alloy exhibits an excellent oxygen evolution reaction/hydrogen evolution reaction bifunctional catalytic activity in alkaline electrolyte, i.e., alkaline water splitting. The active surface area of the 2D sheets also provides a large number of active sites for the bifunctional catalysis of the oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions. These 2D atomically thin sheets exhibit superior catalytic performance to their bulk counterparts. Molecular dynamics and density functional theory simulations of the 2D alloy support the experimental interpretation in terms of structural stability and catalytic properties. Synthesis of this type of new class 2D material provides a promising approach for the design and exploration of nonprecious transition metal‐based electrocatalysts toward clean energy production.
Record events attribution in climate studies
Authors: Worms Julien , Naveau Philippe
Published: November 2022

Within the statistical climatology literature, inferring the contributions of potential causes with regard to climate change has become a recurrent research theme during this last decade. In particular, disentangling human induced (anthropogenic) forcings from natural causes represents a nontrivial statistical task, especially when the focal point moves away from mean behaviors and goes towards extreme events with high societal impacts. Most studies found in the field of extreme event attributions (EEA) rely on extreme value theory. Under this theoretical umbrella, it is often assumed that, for a given location, temporal changes in extremes can be detected in both location and scale parameters of an extreme value distribution, while its shape parameter remains unchanged over time. This assumption of constant tail shape parameters between a so‐called factual world (all forcings) and a counterfactual one (without anthropogenic forcing) can be challenged due to the fact that important forcing changes could impact large scale atmospheric and oceanic circulation patterns, and consequently, the latter can reshape the full distribution, including its shape parameter that drives extremal behavior. In this article, we study how allowing different tail shape parameters between the factual and counterfactual worlds can affect the analysis of records. In particular, we extend the work of Naveau et al. in which this case was not treated. We also add properties and theoretical inferential results about records in EEA and propose a procedure for model validation. A simulation study of our approach is detailed. Our method is applied to records of yearly maxima of daily maxima of near‐surface air temperature issued from the numerical climate model CNRM‐CM6‐1 of Météo‐France.
Policy learning type shifts during creeping crises: A storyboard of COVID‐19 driven learning in Belgium
Authors: Zaki Bishoy Louis , Pattyn Valérie , Wayenberg Ellen
Published: November 2022

Understandings of different policy learning types have matured over recent decades. However, relatively little is known about their nonlinear and interactive nature, particularly within crisis contexts. In this article, we explore how two of the most prominent learning types (instrumental and social) shifted and interacted during the COVID‐19 crisis. To do so, we created a policy learning storyboard of the Belgian COVID‐19 policy response over 2 years (from early 2020 to late 2021). Our analysis highlights the relationships between different epochs of instrumental and social learning throughout the crisis and their implications for policy change. Furthermore, while extant policy learning literature often posits that social learning unfolds over relatively long periods (spanning a decade or more), our empirical account shows that within certain conditions, creeping crises can lead to the creation of long‐term crisis policy‐making paradigms and goals. At this level, accelerated social learning can take place and lead to paradigmatic shifts within relatively shorter periods than in noncrisis conditions. Theoretically, our findings enhance our understanding of policy learning types and their relationships with policy change, particularly within crisis contexts.
Dendrophthoe longensisL.J. Singh, A new species ofDendrophthoe(Loranthaceae) from Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
Authors: Singh Lal Ji
Published: November 2022

Dendrophthoe longensisL.J. Singh is described as a new species from the Long Island, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India, and its conservation status is assessed. It is an aerial branch hemi‐parasite onMangifera indicaL. (Anacardiaceae), and serves as a host for caterpillars ofDelias eucharisDrury (Lepidoptera: Pieridae); this could be threats to population of the new species. This new species differs from otherDendrophthoespecies in vegetative morphology, inflorescence architecture, and floral characters. However, it appears apparently close toD. glabrescens(Blakely) Barlow in growth and habit. A detailed description, photographs, distribution, illustrations, and an identification key toDendrophthoespecies of India are provided.
RNA regulation of inflammatory responses in glia and its potential as a therapeutic target in central nervous system disorders
Authors: Guha Abhishek , Husain Mohammed Amir , Si Ying , Nabors L. Burt , Filippova Natalia , Promer Grace , Smith Reed , King Peter H.
Published: November 2022

A major hallmark of neuroinflammation is the activation of microglia and astrocytes with the induction of inflammatory mediators such as IL‐1β, TNF‐α, iNOS, and IL‐6. Neuroinflammation contributes to disease progression in a plethora of neurological disorders ranging from acute CNS trauma to chronic neurodegenerative disease. Posttranscriptional pathways of mRNA stability and translational efficiency are major drivers for the expression of these inflammatory mediators. A common element in this level of regulation centers around the adenine‐ and uridine‐rich element (ARE) which is present in the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of the mRNAs encoding these inflammatory mediators. (ARE)‐binding proteins (AUBPs) such as Human antigen R (HuR), Tristetraprolin (TTP) and KH‐ type splicing regulatory protein (KSRP) are key nodes for directing these posttranscriptional pathways and either promote (HuR) or suppress (TTP and KSRP) glial production of inflammatory mediators. This review will discuss basic concepts of ARE‐mediated RNA regulation and its impact on glial‐driven neuroinflammatory diseases. We will discuss strategies to target this novel level of gene regulation for therapeutic effect and review exciting preliminary studies that underscore its potential for treating neurological disorders.
A diffusion tensor imaging study in schizophrenia patients with clozapine induced obsessive compulsive symptoms
Authors: Bıçakcı Ay Şule , Oğuz Kader K. , Özçelik Eroğlu Elçin , Has Arzu Ceylan , Ertuğrul Aygün
Published: November 2022

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate brain connectivity by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in schizophrenia patients with clozapine‐induced obsessive compulsive symptoms (OCS).

Methods

Eighteen schizophrenia patients, nine of which had clozapine‐induced OCS (Clz‐OCS (+)), 9 without OCS (Clz‐OCS (−)) and 9 healthy controls were included. Psychopathology was evaluated with Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and Yale‐Brown Obsession and Compulsion Scale in the patient groups. All groups were assesed with neurocognitive tests and DTI.

Results

Tract‐Based Spatial Statistics based comparison of DTI revealed lower fractional anisotropy in the genu of corpus callosum (CC), right cingulum, left frontal white matter (WM) in the Clz‐OCS (+) group, compared to controls. Fractional anisotropy was found to be lower in the bilateral occipital WM and higher in the bilateral medial temporal regions, anterior limb of internal capsule, cingulum, frontoparietal peripheral WM, right external capsule and genu of CC in Clz‐OCS (+) patients compared to Clz‐OCS (−).

Conclusions

WM integrity in several pathways such as cortico‐striato‐thalamo‐cortical circuitry and orbito‐frontal tracts seems to be affected differently in patients with Clz‐OCS (+). Different neuroplastic effects of clozapine leading to occurrence of OCS in a subgroup of patients is possible, and needs further evaluation by longitudinal follow‐up studies.
The inter‐relatedness and demographic predictors of physical activity, self‐rated health, and mental well‐being: A three‐wave study in secondary school children
Authors: Donnelly Paul , Healy Colm , Paradis Kyle , Horgan Peter , McKay Michael T.
Published: November 2022

Introduction

The World Health Organisation recommends that children and adolescents engage in at least 60 min of moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity per day. Previous research has shown that physical activity is related to other constructs such as mental well‐being and self‐rated health. This study examined the inter‐relatedness of these constructs in Northern Irish school children.

Methods

This study was a secondary analysis of data gathered as part of a longitudinal study. Participants were n = 1791 adolescents in their final years of secondary (high) school (age range 15–18; female = 64.6%). Data were gathered on three occasions over a 2‐year period on self‐rated health, physical activity, mental well‐being, heavy episodic drinking, lifetime smoking, psychological and somatic symptoms, as well as a range of socio‐demographic measures.

Results

Descriptive results showed extremely low levels of self‐reported physical activity within the past week, with <6% of the sample attaining the WHO guidelines at each wave of data collection. There were significant gender differences on all variables assessed. Results further showed a small‐sized relationship (statistically significant for girls only) between physical activity and mental well‐being. There was also a small‐sized relationship between physical activity and self‐rated health. Notably, effect sizes for the relationship between self‐rated health and both physical activity and mental well‐being were higher. In terms of socio‐demographic predictors of lower physical activity, being female, lifetime cigarette smoking, and higher somatic and psychological symptoms were all statistically significant factors.

Conclusion

Self‐rated health emerged as the most important predictor of physical activity among adolescents.
The reciprocal relations between well‐being and maternal and peer warmth in adolescents involved in the juvenile justice system
Authors: Traver Jennifer M. , Dallaire Danielle H. , Frick Paul J. , Steinberg Laurence , Cauffman Elizabeth
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Although justice system involvement increases the risk of negative outcomes for adolescents, many justice‐involved youth desist from crime as adults (Sampson & Laub, 2005). There are few studies examining predictors of positive development in justice‐involved adolescents. In the current study, we assess the influence of maternal and peer warmth on the development of well‐being in adolescents involved in the US justice system over the course of 5 years.

Methods

Participants included 1216 adolescent males who experienced their first arrest. Interviews were given every year for 5 years. Well‐being was measured using the EPOCH questionnaire (Kern et al., 2016) and relationship warmth was measured using a scale adapted from Conger et al. (1994). Hypotheses were tested using latent curve models with structured residuals.

Results

Baseline levels of well‐being were associated with maternal (β = 0.49, p < .001) and peer warmth, β = 0.52, p < .001. When an individual's maternal warmth was higher than predicted given their maternal warmth trajectory, their subsequent well‐being was higher than expected given their well‐being trajectory, b = 0.07, p < .001. When an individual's peer warmth was higher than predicted, their subsequent well‐being was higher than expected, b = 0.06, p < .001. These relations were reciprocal, such that well‐being also predicted increased maternal and peer warmth.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that increasing maternal or peer warmth may have cascading effects on the well‐being of justice‐involved adolescents. Interventions for justice‐involved youth may benefit from targeting factors that increase positive development for these youth.
FCclasses3: Vibrationally‐resolved spectra simulated at the edge of the harmonic approximation
Authors: Cerezo Javier , Santoro Fabrizio
Published: November 2022

We introduce FCclasses3, a code to carry out vibronic simulations of electronic spectra and nonradiative rates, based on the harmonic approximation. Key new features are: implementation of the full family of vertical and adiabatic harmonic models, vibrational analysis in curvilinear coordinates, extension to several electronic spectroscopies and implementation of time‐dependent approaches. The use of curvilinear valence internal coordinates allows the adoption of quadratic model potential energy surfaces (PES) of the initial and final states expanded at arbitrary configurations. Moreover, the implementation of suitable projectors provides a robust framework for defining reduced‐dimensionality models by sorting flexible coordinates out of the harmonic subset, so that they can then be treated at anharmonic level, or with mixed quantum classical approaches. A set of tools to facilitate input preparation and output analysis is also provided. We show the program at work in the simulation of different spectra (one and two‐photon absorption, emission and resonance Raman) and internal conversion rate of a typical rigid molecule, anthracene. Then, we focus on absorption and emission spectra of a series of flexible polyphenyl molecules, highlighting the relevance of some of the newly implemented features. The code is freely available at http://www.iccom.cnr.it/en/fcclasses/.
Phosphorus sorption and desorption as affected by long‐term cover cropping at two soil surface depths
Authors: Dada Adebukola O. , Armstrong Shalamar D. , Smith Douglas R.
Published: November 2022

Phosphorus (P) loss from agricultural land is a persistent environmental challenge, and a better understanding of the impact of continuous cover crops (CCs) growth on soil P sorption and desorption characteristics is needed to inform mitigation strategies. This study investigated the impact of CC species on soil P pools, sorption characteristics, and dissolved reactive P (DRP) after 9 yr. Soil samples were collected at 0‐to‐2‐ and 2‐to‐4‐cm soil depths from a silty clay loam Mollisol. Treatments included cereal rye (Secale cereal L.; CR), annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum, AR), oats/radish (Avena sativa L./Raphanus sativus L.; OR), and no CC (CN). A sorption experiment was done with varying P concentrations for 24 h equilibration, and sorption parameters were estimated using the Langmuir model. The DRP was estimated using sequential soil extraction by 0.01 M CaCl2 for 5 h. Long‐term CC significantly decreased P sorption maximum but increased binding energy relative to CN. Annual ryegrass significantly decreased soil water extractable P, Mehlich 3 P, and degree of P saturation relative to OR and CN at the 0‐to‐2‐cm depth. Annual ryegrass and CR significantly decreased desorbed DRP by an average of 42 and 45% relative to CN and OR, respectively, at the 0‐to‐2‐cm depth. These results demonstrated that long‐term grass species decreased the concentrations of labile P pools and desorbed DRP at the soil runoff interaction zone. Therefore, planting of AR and CR should be promoted in fields susceptible to runoff DRP losses.
Effects of conservation buffer systems on adsorption of fluorescent‐labeled Escherichia coli
Authors: Al‐Awwal Nasruddeen , Anderson Stephen H. , El‐Dweik Majed , Udawatta Ranjith P. , Yang John , Zaid Faraj
Published: November 2022

The magnitude of bacterial transport through runoff into surface water or infiltration into groundwater is influenced by the adsorption processes in soil. The objective of this study was to evaluate fluorescent‐labeled Escherichia coli (E. coli) adsorption by soil under agroforestry buffer (AB), grass buffer (GB), and row crop (RC) management. Adsorption experiments were conducted by inoculating three masses (0.5, 1, and 10 g) of each treatment (AB, GB, and RC) with E. coli O157:H7‐GFP with concentration ranges of 105–108 colony‐forming units (cfu) ml−1. Adsorption data were evaluated using Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin adsorption isotherm models. The Freundlich isotherm model described the observed data well for all treatments using the 10‐g soil mass, with the R2 values closer to unity in all treatments. The Freundlich Kf parameter, an indicator of adsorption capacity, was higher for the AB treatment (9.93 cfu ml−1) compared with the GB and RC treatments (2.32 and 1.27 cfu ml−1, respectively). The multiple pairwise comparisons test (Tukey test) of the Freundlich 1/nf parameter demonstrated a significant difference (p < .05) between the AB treatment and the RC and GB treatments. Similarly, the Kf values were significantly (p = .05) higher for the 10‐g mass under the same test conditions, but no significant differences were observed in the 0.5‐ and 1‐g masses. This study demonstrated that AB has a higher E. coli adsorption capacity and the potential for mitigating the effects of E. coli O157:H7 transport to surface or groundwater through the soil ecosystem.
Depression is associated with increased disease activity in patients with ulcerative colitis: A propensity score‐matched analysis using a nationwide database in Japan
Authors: Oyama Hideaki , Moroi Rintaro , Tarasawa Kunio , Shimoyama Yusuke , Naito Takeo , Sakuma Atsushi , Shiga Hisashi , Kakuta Yoichi , Fushimi Kiyohide , Fujimori Kenji , Kinouchi Yoshitaka , Masamune Atsushi
Published: November 2022

Background and Aim

The incidence and prevalence of psychiatric disorders are elevated in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Whether psychiatric disorders could affect the clinical course of IBD is uncertain and controversial. We aimed to evaluate the impact of psychiatric disorders, particularly depression, on the clinical course of IBD using a nationwide database in Japan.

Methods

We collected data on admissions with IBD using the Diagnosis Procedure Combination database system introduced in Japan. We divided eligible admissions into IBD with and without depression groups using propensity score matching and compared the rates of surgery, use of molecular targeted drugs and biologics, systemic steroid administrations, and in‐hospital death. We also conducted a logistic regression analysis to identify clinical factors affecting surgery, the use of molecular targeted drugs and biologics, and systemic steroid administrations.

Results

The rates of surgery, use of two or more molecular targeted drugs, systemic steroid administrations, and in‐hospital deaths in the ulcerative colitis (UC) with depression group were higher than in the UC without depression group. Multivariate analysis of UC showed that depression increased the odds of systemic steroid administrations, use of two or more molecular targeted drugs, and surgery. However, analysis of Crohn's disease showed that only steroid administrations were associated with depression.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrated an association between a worse clinical course of UC and depression. Although this result indicates that depression might be associated with increased disease activity in patients with UC, the causal relationship is still unclear. Further prospective studies are warranted.
Effect of resection margin status on recurrence pattern and survival in distal pancreatectomy for left‐sided pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Kwon Jaewoo , Lee Sung Ryol , Park Seo Young , Lee Jae Hoon , Song Ki Byung , Hwang Dae Wook , Shin Jun Ho , Kim Song Cheol
Published: November 2022

Background

The association of resection margin status with recurrence and survival after pancreatectomy for pancreas ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains controversial. The aim of this study was to identify the effect of R1 resection on recurrence pattern and survival after distal pancreatectomy for left‐sided PDAC.

Methods

Patients who underwent distal pancreatectomy for PDAC at two high‐volume institutions between January 2010 and December 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Perioperative characteristics, pathological outcomes, recurrence pattern, and survival data were collected to compare R0 resection and R1 resection.

Results

Among 558 patients who underwent distal pancreatectomy for PDAC, 158 patients (28.3%) showed R1 resection margin. R1 patients were associated with large tumor size (3.3 cm vs. 3.7 cm, p = .006) and lower number of positive lymph nodes (1.3 vs. 2.0, p = .001). Median overall survival (37.3 months vs. 20.1 months, p < .001) and recurrence‐free survival (14.6 months vs. 6.9 months, p < .001) significantly differed between the R0 and R1 groups. Disease recurrence patterns were not statistically different between the two groups (p = .182). Among the recurrence patterns, peritoneal carcinomatosis had the shortest recurrence‐free survival (5.6 months, p < .05) and overall survival (13.6 months, p < .05) compared with all other recurrence patterns.

Conclusions

R1 resection margin after distal pancreatectomy was associated with poor survival and early recurrence. There is no significant difference in recurrence pattern between R0 and R1. Among the recurrence patterns, peritoneal carcinomatosis showed the worst prognosis.
Five‐stage CMOS OTAfrequency compensated via nested differential feedback
Authors: Zanjani Masoud Soltani , Sadrnia Hassan , Biabanifard Ali
Published: November 2022

Nowadays cascode structures or vertical arrangements of MOSFETs can not satisfy demands regarding high gain amplifiers. As a direct result, the only promising choice turns to Multi‐stage amplifiers via cascading gain stages. The challenge here is stability issues which shows itself by different frequency compensation. All problem starts with increasing number of nodes and consequent poles. The poles degenerate phase of system and need to be controlled. In this work, a five‐stage amplifier is targeted for a new and efficient frequency compensation technique. The major contribution of proposed approach is using only two Miller capacitors with considerable small values (10 pF) compared to load capacitor (500 pF). This achieved via exploiting two differential active stages which intensify Miller effect and provide capability to share Miller capacitor at multiple loops simultaneously. The proposed amplifier with corresponding frequency compensation is described symbolically while a circuit level implementation is performed via HSPICE circuit simulator and TSMC 0.18 μm CMOS technology. Based on simulation results, the proposed amplifier expresses a DC gain of 195 dB, a gain bandwidth product of 15.2 MHz, a phase margin of 90°, and a power dissipation of 570 μW.
Phenology‐specific space use by Rio Grande wild turkeys
Authors: Moscicki David J. , White Jacob H. , Hardin Jason B. , Chamberlain Michael J. , Collier Bret A.
Published: November 2022

Conservation of wildlife populations necessitates identifying patterns in space use because fitness requirements influence resource selection; however, details on how phenology affects space use are often only cursorily addressed during development of space‐ and resource‐use estimates. Moreover, space‐use assessments often aggregate distinct, phenology‐specific behaviors into generalized realizations of biological processes, such as reproduction. Therefore, to improve the relevance and accuracy of biological inferences for wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) space use at the population level, we defined 12 distinct phenology‐specific periods to compare and contrast variations in space‐use estimates. We calculated 1,568 individual space‐use estimates using dynamic Brownian Bridge movement models for Rio Grande wild turkeys (M. g. intermedia; n = 255 females) across Texas, USA, during 2012−2018. Females in each pre‐laying state used larger areas than during all other phenological states, suggestive of exploratory movements related to reproductive activities and resource acquisition. Incubation core areas were consistently <1.5 ha and incubation range sizes ranged from 10 ha to 48 ha. Core area and range sizes during the brooding period doubled from 15 days after hatch (3.1 ha and 42 ha) to 30 days after hatch (6.5 ha and 89 ha). Post‐breeding and wintering period ranges were >30% smaller than reproductive period ranges. Mean daily distance traveled was similar across phenological states except during incubation and brooding periods. Our results indicate that examining wild turkey space use at identifiable, phenology‐specific temporal scales will help mitigate against biases in estimates of resource selection based on arbitrary phenology definitions that aggregate data across multiple, distinct, phenological states.
Genetic evaluation of hyperphenylalaninemia patients with tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency in Iranian population: Identification of four novel disease‐causing variants
Authors: Sadat Fatemi Seyedeh Helia , Eshraghi Peyman , Ghanei Mahmoud , Hamzehloei Tayebeh
Published: November 2022

Background

Hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) is the most common inborn error of amino acid metabolism worldwide. At least 2% of HPA cases are caused by a deficiency in tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) metabolism. Genes such asQDPRandPTSare essential in the BH4 metabolism. This study aims to identify disease‐causing variants in HPA patients, which may be helpful in genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis.

Methods

A total of 10 HPA patients were enrolled in this study. The coding and adjacent intronic regions ofPTSandQDPRgenes were examined using Sanger sequencing. Protein modeling was also performed for novel identified variants.

Results

Ten patients and a total of 20 alleles were studied, which led to the identification of 10 different variants. All variants identified inPTSandQDPRwere missense, except for the c.383_407del variant in theQDPR. Also, three novel variants were identified in theQDPR, including c.79G>T, c.383_407del and c.488G>A, and a novel variant, c.65C>G, in thePTS.

Conclusions

Despite the genetic similarities in the disease‐causing variants, differences were observed in the Asian and European populations with our populations; As a result, similar but more extensive studies are needed to investigate the distribution of disease‐causing variants in genes involved in non‐PKU hyperphenylalaninemia.
Computational dynamics of a fractional order substance addictions transfer model with Atangana‐Baleanu‐Caputo derivative
Authors: Jose Sayooj Aby , Ramachandran Raja , Baleanu Dumitru , Panigoro Hasan S. , Alzabut Jehad , Balas Valentina E.
Published: November 2022

In this paper, the ABC fractional derivative is used to provide a mathematical model for the dynamic systems of substance addiction. The basic reproduction number is investigated, as well as the equilibrium points' stability. Using fixed point theory and nonlinear analytic techniques, we verify the theoretical results of solution existence and uniqueness for the proposed model. A numerical technique for getting the approximate solution of the suggested model is established by using the Adams type predictor‐corrector rule for the ABC‐fractional integral operator. There are several numerical graphs that correspond to different fractional orders. Furthermore, we present a numerical simulation for the transmission of substance addiction in two scenarios with fundamental reproduction numbers greater than and fewer than one.
Chitosan based hybrid hydrogels for drug delivery: Preparation, biodegradation, thermal, and mechanical properties
Authors: Kamaci Musa , Kaya Ismet
Published: November 2022

In the present paper, biodegradable hybrid hydrogels were prepared by using chitosan as a natural polymer and polyurethane containing azomethine as a synthetic polymer for the drug delivery application for 5‐fluorouracil. The fabricated hydrogels were characterized via FT‐IR and SEM analysis. Besides, the thermal, mechanical, and wettability properties, water uptake, biodegradation, protein absorption, drug loading, and release behaviors of the hybrid hydrogels were studied. The obtained results indicated that the fabricated hybrid hydrogels have exhibited good mechanical, hydrophilic, water uptake, and biodegradation behaviors. The hybrid hydrogels also showed 50% drug release amounts and they could be a good candidate for the controlled delivery of 5‐FU due to these properties.
Provision of a personalized survivorship care plan and its impact on cancer‐related health literacy among childhood cancer survivors in Hong Kong
Authors: Ma Chung‐tin , Chou Ho Wing , Lam Teddy Tai‐ning , Tung Yan Tung , Lai Yat Wing , Lee Lai‐ka , Lee Vivian Wing‐yan , Yeung Nelson Chun‐yiu , Leung Alex Wing‐Kwan , Bhatia Smita , Li Chi Kong , Cheung Yin Ting
Published: November 2022

Purpose

To evaluate the short‐term effectiveness of a personalized survivorship care plan (SCP) in improving cancer‐related literacy among childhood cancer survivors, and to identify characteristics of survivors who demonstrated minimal gain from the intervention.

Methods

We recruited survivors diagnosed with cancer at ≤18 years old and were >2 years post treatment. The intervention included a personalized SCP and 30‐minute health risk counseling. The participants’ knowledge of their cancer diagnosis and potential treatment‐related late effects (LEs) was assessed at baseline, immediately post intervention, and 1–3 months post intervention. Generalized estimating equation was used to test for changes in the awareness scores, with interacting terms (time*factor) added to identify differences in the score trajectory across clinically relevant subgroups.

Results

In total, 248 survivors completed the intervention (mean age: 19.4 [SD = 6.7] years; 54.1% male; 66.1% hematological malignancies), of whom 162 completed all assessments. There was significant increase in survivors’ awareness of their cancer diagnoses (mean adjusted score: baseline 66.9, post intervention 86.3; p < .001) and potential LEs (baseline 30.9, post intervention 66.3; p < .001). The proportion of survivors who demonstrated awareness of their potential LEs increased from 9.7% to 54.3%. The interaction analysis showed that there was significantly less improvement in awareness among survivors of non‐central nervous system (non‐CNS) solid tumors (p = .032), lower socioeconomic status (p = .014), and parents of pediatric survivors (vs. adult survivors; p = .013).

Conclusions

The provision of a personalized SCP showed preliminary effectiveness in improving survivors’ understanding of their treatment‐related LEs. Health counseling with SCP should be reinforced in vulnerable subgroups. Future work includes evaluating its long‐term impact on lifestyle and health outcomes.
Impact of lifestyle and socioeconomic position on use of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Bonnesen Kasper , Ehrenstein Vera , Grønkjær Marie S. , Pedersen Lars , Lash Timothy L. , Schmidt Morten
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Lifestyle and socioeconomic position may confound the link between non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and cardiovascular events, if associated with NSAID use. We examined this association.

Methods

We conducted a cohort study of all adult first‐time responders to the Danish National Health Surveys of 2010, 2013, or 2017 without an NSAID prescription within 3 months before survey completion (n = 407 395). Study exposures were weight, smoking status, alcohol consumption, binge drinking frequency, physical activity level, marital status, highest achieved level of education, income, and employment status. We used a Cox model to compute hazard ratios of time to first redemption of an NSAID prescription and a cumulative odds model to compute odds ratios (ORs) of redeeming one additional NSAID prescription in the year after survey completion.

Results

Total follow‐up time was 1 931 902 years. The odds of redeeming one additional NSAID prescription in the year after survey completion varied within all categories of lifestyle and socioeconomic position. The largest ORs were observed within categories of weight (1.70, 95% CI: 1.65–1.74 for obesity vs. normal weight), smoking status (1.24, 95% CI: 1.21–1.27 for current vs. never use), and education (1.44, 95% CI: 1.39–1.49 for primary or other vs. university or higher education). The Cox model showed consistent results.

Conclusions

Markers of unhealthy lifestyle and low socioeconomic position were associated with initiation and prolonged NSAID use. Consideration of lifestyle and socioeconomic markers as potential confounders in NSAID studies is therefore recommended.
Registration of a blast‐resistant premium medium‐grain rice germplasm Eclipse
Authors: Jia Yulin , Jia Melissa H.
Published: November 2022

Eclipse (Reg. no. GP‐149, PI 701081) is a blast‐resistant and ‘Calrose’ type medium‐grain‐quality rice (Oryza sativa L.) germplasm that was developed by the USDA‐ARS Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, Stuttgart, AR. It was selected from a backcross between a blast‐resistant tropical japonica rice cultivar ‘Katy’ and a temperate japonica medium‐grain rice cultivar ‘M‐202’. Eclipse was evaluated in uniform regional rice nurseries in the southern United States during 2019–2020 and further characterized in Arkansas fields during 2020–2021. Blast resistance was determined under greenhouse and field conditions. Under greenhouse conditions, Eclipse was resistant to races IA45, IB1, IB49, IB54, IC17, IE1, IG1, and IH1, similar to that of Katy. Under naturally infected field conditions in Louisiana and Puerto Rico, Eclipse was resistant to leaf and panicle blast infections, similar to that of Katy. Eclipse has Pi‐ta and Ptr genes and lacks Pi‐b, Pi‐k, and Pi‐z. Eclipse is a semidwarf glabrous type of medium‐grain rice and has a low amylose content, similar to M‐202, and quality of Calrose rice. In the southern United States, Eclipse has an average height of 98.5 cm and yields 6,710 kg grain ha−1. It reaches 50% heading at 84 d after emergence with a lodging incidence of 28.5 and 59% head rice yield. Eclipse is useful for breeding for improving disease resistance and grain quality and can be used directly by rice growers for premium medium‐grain rice production.
The impact of AlphaFold Protein Structure Database on the fields of life sciences
Authors: Varadi Mihaly , Velankar Sameer
Published: November 2022

Arguably, 2020 was the year of high‐accuracy protein structure predictions, with AlphaFold 2.0 achieving previously unseen accuracy in the Critical Assessment of Protein Structure Prediction (CASP). In 2021, DeepMind and EMBL‐EBI developed the AlphaFold Protein Structure Database to make an unprecedented number of reliable protein structure predictions easily accessible to the broad scientific community.

We provide a brief overview and describe the latest developments in the AlphaFold database. We highlight how the fields of data services, bioinformatics, structural biology, and drug discovery are directly affected by the influx of protein structure data. We also show examples of cutting‐edge research that took advantage of the AlphaFold database. It is apparent that connections between various fields through protein structures are now possible, but the amount of data poses new challenges.

Finally, we give an outlook regarding the future direction of the database, both in terms of data sets and new functionalities.
The role of oligomerization in the optimization of cyclohexadienyl dehydratase conformational dynamics and catalytic activity
Authors: East Nicholas J. , Clifton Ben E. , Jackson Colin J. , Kaczmarski Joe A.
Published: November 2022

The emergence of oligomers is common during the evolution and diversification of protein families, yet the selective advantage of oligomerization is often cryptic or unclear. Oligomerization can involve the formation of isologous head‐to‐head interfaces (e.g., in symmetrical dimers) or heterologous head‐to‐tail interfaces (e.g., in cyclic complexes), the latter of which is less well studied and understood. In this work, we retrace the emergence of the trimeric form of cyclohexadienyl dehydratase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PaCDT) by introducing residues that form the PaCDT trimer‐interfaces into AncCDT‐5 (a monomeric reconstructed ancestor of PaCDT). We find that single interface mutations can switch the oligomeric state of the variants and that trimerization corresponds with a reduction in the KM value of the enzyme from a promiscuous level to the physiologically relevant range. In addition, we find that removal of a C‐terminal extension present in PaCDT leads to a variant with reduced catalytic activity, indicating that the C‐terminal region has a role in tuning enzymatic activity. We show that these observations can be rationalized at the structural and dynamic levels, with trimerization and C‐terminal extension leading to reduced sampling of non‐catalytic conformational substates in molecular dynamics simulations. Overall, this work provides insight into how neutral sampling of distinct oligomeric states along an evolutionary trajectory can facilitate the evolution and optimization of enzyme function.