bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flexibilização, adaptação e transformação: a atuação do setor privado na educação pública
Authors: Trajano de Araújo Alves Paula , Almeida da Silva Solonildo , César Silveira Jucá Sandro
Published: September 2022

Esta pesquisa objetiva compreender a atuação do setor privado no sistema de ensino da rede pública estadual do Ceará. Por meio de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental apresenta-se uma análise das atividades relacionadas ao sistema de ensino e aos profissionais da educação no contexto da pandemia de Covid19. O estudo divide-se em duas seções: a primeira apresenta a operação empresarial na esfera pública e a segunda expõe algumas das suas atividades no ano de 2020 e 2021 no contexto de atividades educacionais remotas. Após a análise conclui-se que no período de pandemia intensificou-se o processo de mercantilização e empresariamento da escola pública
Balancing exploration and exploitation: task-targeted exploration for scientific decision-making
Authors:   , Flaspohler Genevieve Elaine
Published: September 2022

How do we collect observational data that reveal fundamental properties of scientific phenomena? This is a key challenge in modern scientific discovery. Scientific phenomena are complex—they have high-dimensional and continuous state, exhibit chaotic dynamics, and generate noisy sensor observations. Additionally, scientific experimentation often requires significant time, money, and human effort. In the face of these challenges, we propose to leverage autonomous decision-making to augment and accelerate human scientific discovery. Autonomous decision-making in scientific domains faces an important and classical challenge: balancing exploration and exploitation when making decisions under uncertainty. This thesis argues that efficient decision-making in real-world, scientific domains requires task-targeted exploration—exploration strategies that are tuned to a specific task. By quantifying the change in task performance due to exploratory actions, we enable decision-makers that can contend with highly uncertain real-world environments, performing exploration parsimoniously to improve task performance. The thesis presents three novel paradigms for task-targeted exploration that are motivated by and applied to real-world scientific problems. We first consider exploration in partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) and present two novel planners that leverage task-driven information measures to balance exploration and exploitation. These planners drive robots in simulation and oceanographic field trials to robustly identify plume sources and track targets with stochastic dynamics. We next consider the exploration- exploitation trade-off in online learning paradigms, a robust alternative to POMDPs when the environment is adversarial or difficult to model. We present novel online learning algorithms that balance exploitative and exploratory plays optimally under real-world constraints, including delayed feedback, partial predictability, and short regret horizons. We use these algorithms to perform model selection for subseasonal temperature and precipitation forecasting, achieving state-of-the-art forecasting accuracy. The human scientific endeavor is poised to benefit from our emerging capacity to integrate observational data into the process of model development and validation. Realizing the full potential of these data requires autonomous decision-makers that can contend with the inherent uncertainty of real-world scientific domains. This thesis highlights the critical role that task-targeted exploration plays in efficient scientific decision-making and proposes three novel methods to achieve task-targeted exploration in real-world oceanographic and climate science applications.
Öfke Duygusunun Demografik Değişkenler, Siyasal Bağnazlık ve Korku Biçimleri ile İlişkisi
Authors: ÖZPOLAT Ayşe
Published: September 2022

Duyguların olumlu ya da olumsuzluğu kişiye ve çevresine sunduğu yıkıcılığıyla ilgilidir. İnsan var olduğu günden itibaren sevgi, korku, nefret, öfke gibi birçok duyguyu hissetmektedir. Öfke duygusu insan yaşamındaki işlevselliği ile yıkıcılığı arasında ince bir çizgi de bulunmaktadır. Yıkıcı yönüyle öfke duygusu ve öfkeli davranış kişilerarası problemlere yol açmakta ve olumsuz bir etkileşime dönüşebilmektedir. Öfkenin işlevsel olabilmesi kullanılabilmesine, kişinin öfkesini denetleme becerisine ve frenlenmesine bağlıdır. Yıkıcı yönüyle zihnin zayıf karar vermesine, çözüm yollarının kapanmasına, düşmanlık ve düşmanlığa bağlı diğer duyguların oluşmasına, genel olarak insan ilişkilerinde sorunlara öfkeli davranışın tarafları arasında fizyolojik ve psikolojik hastalıklara neden olabilmektedir. Birçok yaklaşım öfke duygusunu temel duygulardan saymakla birlikte duyguların dışarı yansıma biçimi ve şiddeti sosyalleşme süreci sonucunda oluşmaktadır. Bu çalışma öfke duygusunun siyasal bağnazlıkla ilişkisini değerlendirmek amacıyla, nicel araştırmanın ilişkisel tarama modeline göre yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın evreni amaçsal örneklemeye göre, siyasal bağnazlığı yüksek kişilerden oluşturulmuştur. Örneklem grubu Elâzığ’da ikamet eden kendisi ve çevresi tarafından davranışları itibariyle siyasal bağnaz olarak nitelendirilen 423 kişiden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada “Sürekli Öfke-Öfke Tarzı Ölçeği”, literatür taranarak hazırlanan siyasal bağnazlık soru formu ve demografik sorulardan oluşan anket formu kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda öfke ve öfkenin alt boyutlarıyla; sigara içme durumu, babanın öz/üvey olma durumu, eleştirilme korkusu, alay edilme korkusu, başkasına şiddet gösterme, kendine şiddet gösterme, yalnızca kendi gücüne, becerisine ve bilgisine güvenme arasında anlamlı ilişkili bulunmaktadır. Öfke ve alt boyutları ile siyasal bağnazlık alt boyutları arasında genel olarak düşük ya da orta derecede pozitif anlamlı ilişki bulunmuştur.
RAZÃO INSTRUMENTAL E EDUCAÇÃO: REFLEXÕES SOBRE A ESCOLA E AS NOVAS TECNOLOGIAS
Authors: Lunardelli Aline Frollini , Maia Ari Fernando
Published: September 2022

As reflexões da Teoria Crítica da Sociedade sobre a razão instrumental estão no cerne das análises críticas às catástrofes do século XX, representadas por Auschwitz. O imperativo ético expresso por Adorno para a educação, de que Auschwiz não se repita, segue sendo importante na medida em que as mudanças históricas ocorridas no século XXI não alteraram as características fundamentais da razão instrumental. A atual tendência de propor o ajustamento da escola às demandas criadas pelas tecnologias digitais é apontada neste artigo como um sintoma da persistência do predomínio da razão instrumental na educação. O objetivo deste artigo é criticar a forma como vem sendo proposta a inserção de novas tecnologias na escola por deixar de considerar tanto a dimensão ética da educação como as relações entre forma e conteúdo nos novos aparatos. Conclui-se que a crítica realizada ao conceito de razão instrumental continua sendo fundamental para a recuperação da discussão ética na educação.
Conhecer antes de incorporar: um retrato dos programas para alergia ao leite implementados no Brasil
Authors: Correia Cinthya Vivianne de Souza Rocha , Felipe Maria Sueli Soares
Published: September 2022

Objetiva-se neste artigo caracterizar a assistência ofertada às crianças com alergia ao leite em programas públicos e os desafios enfrentados na sua implantação, no contexto da pré-incorporação no Sistema Único de Saúde de três fórmulas infantis para alergia ao leite. Estudo exploratório, transversal e abordagem quantitativa. Foram avaliados 21 programas e/ou serviços (15 municipais e 6 estaduais) de todas as regiões brasileiras. O principal indutor da criação destes programas foi a judicialização (80,9%) e o fornecimento destas fórmulas especiais era realizado às crianças com até 2 anos de idade. Dentre as principais dificuldades para criação e execução destes programas, a falta de recursos humanos e financeiros foram as razões mais presentes, representando 71,4% e 61,9%, respectivamente. A estratégia mais adotada para redução dos custos foi a adequação das normas e protocolos (61,9%). Não houve diferença significativa entre os programas estaduais e municipais. Este estudo apresenta uma avaliação inédita e detalhada sobre os programas trazendo discussões que corroboram na tomada de decisões, uso racional de recursos públicos, melhor assistência às crianças e fortalecimento do sistema de saúde nacional.
Palavras-Chave: Sistema Único de Saúde. Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde. Continuidade da Assistência ao Paciente. Hipersensibilidade a Leite. Gestor de Saúde.
Abordaje psicológico forense del daño psíquico y riesgo de violencia de pareja o intrafamiliar
Authors:   Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Celedón-Rivero José Carlos , Morales Martínez Mario Alberto , Hernández Padilla Juan Alberto ,   Universidad de Guadalajara, Salas-Picón Wilson Miguel , Suárez-Bustamante Gina Marcela , Brunal-Vergara Beatriz del Carmen
Published: September 2022

El objetivo de esta guía práctica es formar a los estudiantes de psicología y ciencias jurídicas en la elaboración de informes periciales relacionados con el daño psíquico y el análisis del riesgo de violencia en el ámbito de la violencia de pareja, intrafamiliar y de género. El sistema de justicia demanda peritos versados en la conducta humana, en especial, en aquellos casos tipificados en los códigos jurídicos o para establecer la afectación psíquica y riesgo de violencia asociados en los hechos victimológicos. La violencia intrafamiliar, de pareja o de género siguen siendo unos problemas más graves en el ámbito psicosocial en todo el mundo. La violencia que se da al interior de los hogares, incluso después de haber concluido la convivencia familiar, ha producido afectación tanto en la salud física y mental en la víctima objeto de maltratos. Tal como lo menciona Salas (2016), la guía pretende que el alumno despliegue las competencias mínimas, suficientes y necesarias para el abordaje psicológico forense del daño psicológico en el ámbito familiar y, a la vez, el análisis del riesgo de violencia en estos contextos, como variables importantes en los informes psicológicos forense.
Strategies and tactics of self-presentation as a psychological construct in interpersonal interaction
Authors:   Bashkir State University, Akhmadeeva Elena V. , Bashkatov Sergey A. ,   Bashkir State University
Published: September 2022

The article presents the results of a generalizing systematization of studies on the phenomenon of self-presentation carried out by Russian and foreign authors. There is no generally accepted definition of this concept, the available terms are conditionally considered in the context of motivational, personal, and situational approaches that determine this phenomenon. Each of the approaches has its own criteria, which are put forward as acceptable units of psychological measurement. The aim of the study is to offer the theoretical foundations for studying the phenomenon of self-presentation as a psychological construct manifested in its various strategies and tactics; the research is based on aspect analysis of Russian and foreign studies. To achieve the goal, a theoretical method was used to deconstruct the content of the main scientific sources on foreign and domestic psychology. It has been established that Russian and foreign researchers note the role of self-presentation as an integral component of interpersonal interactions. Many of the foreign works are based on the concept of «social dramaturgy», where the basic notions are «self-image», «social role», «self-expression», and «self-presentation». In Russian psychology, self-presentation is most often considered as a mechanism or a means of a person’s self-expression, a form of manipulative behavior, a type of personal activity, and an aspect of the communicative process. Some Russian and foreign authors consider self-presentation to be a manifestation of conscious manipulation based on subject-to-object relations. Other scientists believe that it is a mechanism for regulating one’s own behavior as part of subject-to-subject relations. The identification of strategies and tactics of self-presentation is presented in a variety of approaches by foreign authors. Russian researchers use foreign classifications for the Russian sample. The authors emphasize that the skill of productive self-presentation determines the ability to correctly present information about oneself, to focus on personal qualities that correspond to the presented situation, and also to convince the communication partner of the congruence of the interaction goals. An analysis of the main points of view on the problem shows that self-presentation in interpersonal interactions can be represented as a psychological construct characterized by subjective awareness and significance and the ability to manage it in the process of self-monitoring. These, in their turn, influence the formation of the idea of reality in the interaction participants, according to which the person implements strategies of self-presentation through various tactics.
Social mood in single-industry towns of Khakassia
Authors:   Khakass Research Institute for Language, Literature and History, Lushnikova Olga L.
Published: September 2022

The socio-economic development of any single-industry territory mainly depends on the prosperity of the city-forming enterprise, and this makes the city vulnerable, especially in crisis times. During such periods, social well-being of the population worsens, protest moods increase, social tension accrues, which can lead to open conflicts. The main problem lies in the timely detection of potentially dangerous hotbeds of social explosion. Therefore, it is important to monitor changes in the social moods for regulating the factors of social tension. As a hypothesis, it was suggested that the social moods of residents of single-industry territories depend on the current socio-economic situation: the mood is more optimistic in single-industry territories with a stable situation and is pessimistic in single-industry territories with a difficult situation. There was conducted a survey among the residents of single-industry territories of Khakassia (n=1,000). The results confirmed the main hypothesis of the study. Social moods are more depressive in single-industry territories with the most difficult economic situation. This is evidenced by negative assessments given by the residents with regard to their life, low satisfaction, the lack of prospects for the situation to improve, and dependent psychology — the expectation of help from the state. Despite the tense situation on the labor market, social mood is more optimistic in single-industry territories only being at risk, which may be due to more attractive living conditions. However, the results show that subjective assessments have a more significant impact on social moods than quantitative indicators of living standards. It proves the importance of non-economic mechanisms for regulating the factors of social tension, which can be more effective, especially in times of crisis.
Migración Una mirada binacional desde lo humanitario
Authors:   Universidad de Guadalajara, Flores Ávila Alma Leticia , Cerros Rodríguez Elisa ,   Universidad de Guadalajara, Salinas Escobar María Evangelina ,   Universidad de Guadalajara, Sáez González Raquel ,   Universidad del Zulia, Vargas Acosta Eglee ,   Universidad del Zulia, García Espinoza Saraí ,   Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Robles Ortega Rosalba ,   Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Barrios Aldemaro ,   Investigador del Centro Nacional de História Venezuela, Mora-Ramírez Miguel-Antonio ,   Universidad Simón Bolívar, Falla Delgado Byron ,   Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, Vargas-Clavijo Onofre ,   Universidad Simón Bolívar, Mendoza Peñaranda Álvaro ,   Universidad Simón Bolívar, Alba-Niño Magali ,   Universidad Simón Bolívar, Buitrago-Carrillo Edith-Dayana ,   Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cely-Gámez Ingrith-Katheryne ,   Universidad Simón Bolívar, Carreño-Paredes Myriam-Teresa ,   Universidad Simón Bolívar
Published: September 2022

Este libro es una invitación a reflexionar sobre las fronteras, las cuales nos convocan de manera crítica a repensar en las movilidades humanas y el respeto por los derechos que en ellas se transitan y se viven. Así mismo se da reconocimiento a las políticas existentes en términos de migración y las ausencias que lo representan, incluyendo el papel trascendental que tienen los diversos actores que inciden en la humanización de dichas fronteras. Su construcción se basó en la deliberación de múltiples actores, representados en la sociedad civil e institucionales, incluyendo los lentes y el análisis desde Trabajo Social, argumentado a partir de su compromiso ético político con las migraciones y las implicaciones en los diversos ámbitos de la vida social. De esta manera se resalta el aporte que hace la intervención profesional a los territorios en donde se encuentran (Colombia, México y Venezuela) los cuales invitan a una intervención comprometida y desde miradas interdisciplinarias con las fronteras. En este sentido es importante destacar, los aportes y la cooperación del programa CONPEACE de Actores Armados a Arquitectos de Paz de Oxford y de la Campaña Colombiana Contra Minas -CCCM. Agradecimiento para los dos por aportar conjuntamente a los estudios de y en las fronteras.
Madres, padres y representantes en la educación durante la pandemia. La dicotomía rural-urbana en Ecuador
Authors: Cárdenas-Tapia Juan , Pesántez-Avilés Fernando , Torres-Toukoumidis Angel
Published: September 2022

En este artículo se analiza la implicación de las madres, los padres y representantes   legales en el aprendizaje activo de niños y niñas que cursan grados de primaria y secundaria en un escenario particular: la enseñanza en línea durante la pandemia por la covid-19 en Ecuador. Para ello, se aplicó un cuestionario de 45 preguntas a una muestra de 6206 personas segmentadas según su zona geográfica. En el área rural, el grado de involucramiento en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje virtual se refleja, particularmente, al establecer el horario de sueño y en la aceptación por parte de los y las estudiantes de las críticas sobre las actividades realizadas. Para la zona urbana, se evidencia el manejo del enojo de los niños y las niñas, y el reconocimiento de sus fortalezas en las asignaturas. En cuanto a las estrategias, en el área rural aumenta la presión de progenitoras/es sobre educandos y educandas a fin de que realicen las actividades escolares, en tanto que, en la urbana, dialogan más con sus hijos e hijas cuando pierden el control, prestando más atención a sus emociones y necesidades. Así, la diferenciación se condensa en la siguiente expresión: en las zonas rurales, las madres, los padres y representantes se enfocan en la disciplina, mientras que en las urbanas se orientan hacia el espectro académico y emocional.
Müdigkeit und Schläfrigkeit bei Schlafstörungen
Authors:   Interdisziplinäres Schlafmedizinisches Zentrum, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Fietze Ingo , Glos Martin ,   Interdisziplinäres Schlafmedizinisches Zentrum, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Published: September 2022

Die Abklärung einer unklaren Tagesmüdigkeit verlangt ein interdisziplinäres Vorgehen. Die hausärztliche Praxis, Allgemeinmedizinerinnen und -mediziner oder anderes fachärztliches Personal sollten mögliche psychische, neurologische oder internistische Ursachen und das Umfeld der Betroffenen (inkl. Medikamenten- oder Substanzmissbrauch) abklären. Danach kann zusätzlich eine schlafmedizinische Untersuchung erfolgen. Bei ausgeprägter Tagesschläfrigkeit sollte primär an eine schlafmedizinische Untersuchung gedacht werden, da dieses Symptom spezifischer für eine konkrete Schlaferkrankung ist. Neue Stimulanzien machen es möglich, dass eine Tagesschläfrigkeit heute gut therapiert werden kann und damit Arbeitsunfähigkeits- oder Rentenbegehren vermieden werden können.
Farklı üniversal adeziv sistemler ile hemen dentin kapama işleminin kendinden bağlanabilen yapıştırma simanının bağlanma dayanımı üzerine etkisi
Authors: DENİZ Şule Tuğba , OGLAKCİ Burcu , ELİGÜZELOĞLU DALKILIÇ Evrim
Published: September 2022

Amaç: Bu in vitro çalışmanın amacı, farklı üniversal adeziv sistemler ile hemen dentin kapama (IDS) işleminin, kimyasal-ışıkla sertleşen kendinden bağlanabilen yapıştırma simanının kesme tipi dayanıklılık üzerindeki etkisini incelemektir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmaya 60 adet sağlam insan molar dişi dahil edildi. Koronal dentin, model trimleme cihazında açığa çıkartıldı ve 600-gritlik silikon karbid kağıtlarla standart smear tabakası elde etmek için su soğutması altında aşındırıldı. Örnekler kullanılan üniversal adezive göre rastgele 4 gruba ayrıldı (n=15); Grup 1 (kontrol; C): hemen dentin kapama yok; Grup 2: Clearfil Universal Bond Quick (UBQ); Grup 3: Single Bond Universal (SBU); Grup 4: OptiBond Universal (OBU). Adeziv sistemler kendinden pürüzlendirmeli olarak üreticinin talimatları doğrultusunda uygulandı. Ardından, silindir silikon kalıplar (çap: 3 mm, yükseklik: 2 mm) kullanılarak yüzeylere kendinden bağlanabilen yapıştırma simanı (Nova Resin Siman) bağlandı. Örnekler, 24 saat distile suda bekletildi ve ardından 1mm/dk piston başlığı hızında üniversal test cihazı kullanılarak kesme tipi dayanım testi uygulandı. Kırık yüzeylerin başarısızlık analizi, 15× büyütmede stereomikroskopla incelendi. Veri Kruskal Wallis ve Dunn testi kullanılarak değerlendirildi (p<0.05).
Bulgular: Kontrol grubu, IDS yapılan gruplara kıyasla istatistiksel olarak daha düşük kesme tipi dayanıklılık gösterdi (p<0.05). Grup 2 (UBQ), Grup 3’e (SBU) kıyasla istatistiksel olarak daha yüksek kesme tipi dayanıklılık gösterdi (p<0.05). IDS yapılan gruplarda karma tip başarısızlık gözlenirken, kontrol grubunda adeziv tip başarısızlık gözlendi.
Sonuç: Üniversal adeziv sistemler kullanılarak yapılan IDS işleminin, kendinden bağlanabilen yapıştırma simanının bağlanma dayanımı üzerine olumlu etkisi olmuştur. Ayrıca, MDP ve amid monomeri içeren Clearfil Universal Bond Quick ile en yüksek bağlanma dayanım değerleri elde edilmiştir.
Receptor-Ligand Visualization v1
Authors: Dao Long
Published: September 2022

Receptor-ligand binding has been analyzed at the protein level using isothermal titration calorimetry and surface plasmon resonance and at the cellular level using interaction-associated downstream gene induction/suppression. However, no currently available technique can characterize this interaction directly through visualization. In addition, all available assays require a large pool of cells; no assay capable of analyzing receptor-ligand interactions at the single-cell level is publicly available. Here, we describe a new microfluidic chip–based technique for analyzing and visualizing these interactions at the single-cell level. First, a protein is immobilized on a glass slide and a low-flow-rate pump is used to isolate cells that express receptors that bind to the immobilized ligand. Specifically, we demonstrate the efficacy of this technique by immobilizing biotin-conjugated FGL2 on an avidin-coated slide chip and passing a mixture of GFP-labeled wild-type T cells and RFP-labeled FcγRIIB-knockout T cells through the chip. Using automated scanning and counting, we found a large number of GFP+ T cells with binding activity but significantly fewer RFP+ FcγRIIB-knockout T cells. We further isolated T cells expressing a membrane-anchored, tumor-targeted IL-12 based on the receptor’s affinity to vimentin to confirm the versatility of our technique. This protocol allows researchers to isolate receptor-expressing cells in about 4 hours for further downstream processing.
Infection of nalidixic-acid treated mice with bioluminescent derivatives of Citrobacter rodentiumby oral gavage v1
Authors: Read Hannah
Published: September 2022

Citrobacter rodentium is a Gram-negative bacterium which infects laboratory mice in a similar way to how enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) infect humans. We routinely use a bioluminescent derivative of C. rodentium called ICC180 which contains the lux operon from Photorhabdus luminescens. This allows us to monitor infection dynamics non-invasively using biophotonic imaging. We have previously investigated the in vivo evolution of ICC180 through 10 independent transmission chains of 20 mice each. The transmission chains were split into 2 groups, one fed on water and the other fed on water containing nalidixic acid. This protocol describes the oral infection of mice treated with nalidixic acid to assess the infection dynamics of the evolved ICC180 derivatives.
The Implication of Educandy Learning Media on Students’ Learning Outcomes in Japanese Learning
Authors: Buhori Rezuan Azlina Nur , Karnawati Rita Agustina
Published: September 2022

This research objective was to determine the effect of using Educandy learning media on Japanese students’ learning outcomes in a state vocational high school in Jakarta for academic year 2020/2021. This study applied experimental quantitative research method, with a purposive sample technique of 16 students. This research used one group Pre Test–Post Test design, and the data collected then analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. In the preparation of the instrument, several tests consist of validity tests and reliability tests were conducted. The results showed that based on the Shapiro-Wilk Normality Test, the data was normally distributed due to the Sig value, and the data from Pre-test and Post-test showed that the students’ learning outcomes were increased after using Educandy. Moreover, the Levene Homogeneity Test results showed that the data is more than the significance level or the data was homogeneous, while based on the normality test and homogeneity test, the results showed that the value in the Pre-test and Post-test learning outcomes were lower than the level of significance. Based on the analysis, it can be concluded that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted, which means that there is a significant difference in Pre-test and Post-test student learning outcomes so the Educandy learning media influences student learning outcomes in Japanese subjects.
Variaciones histórico-culturales de la estética dental
Authors: Fernandez-Montecinos Enrique Alberto , Padilla-Alvear Paula Andrea
Published: September 2022

La estética dentaria es un tema de amplia relevancia en la odontología actual, tanto en el ambiente universitario como en la práctica privada. Cuando las personas expresan que desean una sonrisa más hermosa, dentistas y pacientes piensan automáticamente en aclarar el color de los dientes como un componente importante de este proceso. ¿Cuál es la razón de esta concordancia tácita? Algunos podrían argüir que una sonrisa saludable es naturalmente más blanca, pero sabemos que la funcionalidad fisiológica no necesariamente está asociada a una estética socialmente determinada. Es más, muchas veces los procedimientos estéticos implican modificaciones corporales que no necesariamente son naturales, ni saludables. El objetivo de esta revisión, es brindar elementos de discusión acerca de aspectos históricos y culturales relacionados con el posicionamiento del color dentario como parte importante de un ideal estético. Se pretende argumentar, que el deseo de tener dientes más blancos reside eminentemente en influencias culturales. Asimismo, se invita a la reflexión de que, si los “dientes blancos” debiesen ser equiparados a “dientes saludables”, con las consecuentes ramificaciones que implicaría esta suposición, en nuestro mundo profesional.
Regeneración ósea en defectos calvariales de ratones NOD.CB17-Prkdcscid/J (NOD SCID) a partir de células madre de la pulpa dental: una revisión sistemática
Authors: Valenzuela-Ramos Marisel Roxana , Barrios-Sayritupac Margarita Medaly , Chacaltana-Limaco Ruth Daniela , Espinoza-Mendoza Milagros Jesús , Canales-Sermeño Gustavo
Published: September 2022

Introducción: las células madre de la pulpa dental humana presentan una capacidad osteogénica muy significativa, lo que permite la formación de hueso nuevo que se adapta muy bien al existente. El objetivo fue evaluar la eficacia de la regeneración ósea a partir de células madre de la pulpa dental, analizando estudios in vivo realizados en ratones NOD.CB17-Prkdcscid/J (NOD SCID) inmunocompetentes. Métodos: se analizaron estudios entre el 2016 al 2020, encontrados en Pubmed, ScienceDirect y Lilacs. Para realizar la revisión sistemática se siguió las directrices PRISMA, la evaluación de la calidad y del riesgo de sesgo se realizó considerando los criterios expuestos en la herramienta National Heart Lung and Blood Institute - NHLBI. Resultados: aplicando los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, se seleccionaron 6 investigaciones las cuales se evaluaron, eligiéndose solo 2 de ellas para su revisión (n=1859). Los datos de los estudios se extrajeron y ordenaron obedeciendo los detalles del estudio, metodología del análisis y resultados. Conclusión: los resultados obtenidos demuestran que existe una regeneración ósea por parte de las células madre derivadas de la pulpa dental, debido a que promueven la osteogénesis y el hueso nuevo se une satisfactoriamente al hueso existente. El análisis in vitro indica que es una excelente fuente osteogénica y los estudios in vivo corroboran que los medios de cultivo interfieren en la formación de hueso. Se requieren de más estudios para afianzar la formación de hueso por parte de las Células Madre de la Pulpa Dental - DPSC.
Relación del uso de colutorios bucales con la disminución de la carga viral del SARS-CoV-2 en la práctica odontológica: revisión de tema
Authors: Taboada-Granados Miguel Alessandro , Colina-Neyra Esteban Mauricio , Ruiz-Ramirez Eliberto
Published: September 2022

Actualmente, el odontólogo es uno de los profesionales de la salud con mayor riesgo de contagio de la COVID-19 debido a su contacto directo con la cavidad bucal. La alta exposición a los aerosoles, generados por los instrumentos rotatorios, en pacientes con la COVID-19, eleva el contacto con la carga viral del SARS-CoV-2 en los procedimientos de rutina. Se ha descrito que los colutorios bucales, previos a la atención odontológica, podrían ser soluciones efectivas para la reducción del contagio pese a su poca evidencia clínica. Los colutorios con cloruro de cetilpiridinio (CPC), peróxido de hidrógeno (H2O2), povidona yodada (PVP-I) y gluconato de clorhexidina (CHX) muestran un gran potencial para reducir la carga viral del SARS-CoV-2 en los aerosoles generados a partir de la saliva durante la consulta odontológica. Por lo expuesto, el presente artículo tuvo por objetivo hacer una revisión de la información científica actual sobre la relación del uso de los colutorios bucales con la disminución de la carga viral del SARS-CoV-2.
Relationship between the need for orthodontic treatment and DMFT index in adults
Authors: Díaz-Reissner Clarisse Virginia , Roldán-Merino Juan , Casas-García Irma
Published: September 2022

Introduction: it has been found that subjects with higher DMFT index scores were more likely to require orthodontic treatment. The objective was relationship the need for orthodontic treatment and DMFT index in a population of Paraguayan adults in 2017. Methods: cross-sectional study in adult patients ≥18 years of age who attended the dental clinic of the Facultad de Odontología (Faculty of Dentistry) of the Universidad Nacional de Asunción (National University of Asunción) during the Supervised Internship in January and February 2017. The Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI), was used for the need for orthodontic treatment. Pearson's Chi-square and ANOVA statistical tests were used along with the Bonferroni test at the 95% level. Results: 147 adults were part of the study, where 71.4% were women. The DAI was 31.1 ± 10.3. Found, 29.5% required priority orthodontic treatment. And 65.3% presented increased incisal overhang, 55.1% crowding and 51.7% abnormal molar ratio. The DMFT Index was 8.9 ± 5.9. As the CPO-D index increases, the level of need for orthodontic treatment also increases (p<0.001), being the difference statistically significant between the none and priority levels (p <0.001). Conclusions: the DMFT index was found to be significantly associated with the level of need for orthodontic treatment.
revisión de literatura sobre estrategias de enseñanza de las expresiones algebraicas en educación secundaria
Authors: Serna Agudelo Tatiana María , Cardona Cortés Eliana Isabel , Carmona-Mesa Jaime Andrés
Published: September 2022

Investigaciones resaltan la importancia de ampliar en estudios que permitan fundamentar y orientar la toma de decisiones de los docentes en la enseñanza de las expresiones algebraicas. En ese sentido, el objetivo de la presente revisión de literatura fue caracterizar las estrategias que se han diseñado para la enseñanza de las expresiones algebraicas en educación secundaria y su respectiva fundamentación teórica. Para ello, se analizaron 22 documentos publicados durante los últimos 10 años (2010-2020), que fueron agrupados en dos categorías: recursos tecnológicos empleados en las estrategias de enseñanza de las expresiones algebraicas en educación secundaria y fundamentos teóricos de las estrategias de enseñanza de las expresiones algebraicas en educación secundaria. Entre las conclusiones se informa la necesidad de profundizar en torno a los diferentes recursos que son utilizados, de manera especial, con respecto a recursos tecnológicos porque, a pesar de que se encuentran en auge, se identifican limitados principalmente al uso de software.
Sustainable Heritage Preservation to Improve the Tourism Offer in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Mazzetto Silvia
Published: September 2022

In recent years Saudi Arabia has launched many campaigns to promote a model of global excellence to be a pioneer in future growth. As part of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s National Vision 2030, the country encourages the improvement of national quality services based on the commitment of the government to build up a prosperous country, starting with the valorisation of local traditions. In particular, the Saudi, Arab, and Islamic heritage, built by an ancient civilisation and deeply rooted in the country’s history, is currently valorised to strengthen the national identity of local Arab values. The country aspires to preserve heritage sites and the local environment by promoting hospitality services for tourism. In the last years, Muslim pilgrims and all visitors to heritage sites entering the country from abroad have reached eight million people, tripling the numbers in the last decade. The government has started many initiatives and promoted many urban planning processes, programmes, and projects to enhance the touristic offer. The intent is to reach a sustainable approach to target the healthy growth of the country and the Saudi Arabian cities. The article presents some interventions that are currently under development to pursue the Saudi Vision 2030 and its goals. The recent third expansion of the Two Holy Mosques, the modernization of national airports, and the Mecca Metro project to complement the railroad and train public transportation offer will be presented and discussed as part of the national strategy to achieve a sustainable economy and tourism.
A Case Study of the Origin and Evolution of OWN
Authors:   , Turner Brenda C. , Tedesco Albert S.
Published: September 2022

OWN: The Oprah Winfrey Network launched on January 1, 2011. To the surprise of Winfrey and the television industry at large, the network struggled to gain profitable ratings during its first two years on the air. An overhaul of the network's leadership off-camera was completed in July 2011 and likewise on-camera, with its programming lineup through the remainder of the year 2011 and 2012. The changes worked for the network as it became profitable in July 2013. This case study presents the origin and evolution of OWN; the trials and tribulations of Oprah Winfrey's launch of a lackluster network; and her creation of a successful and impactful one. The audiences that have followed Winfrey through the years; those who watched her talk show and those who watch her network, are examined to determine the factors that contributed to the success of the talk show and the lag of the network, during its first two years. The network's establishment of its target audience as African American females, an underserved audience, is analyzed and a survey of a sampling of this audience is also conducted. A discussion of how the network may continue its success in the business of television is completed. Best practices for launching a successful cable television network are outlined for advisement of cable television entrepreneurs of the future.
Investigating the temporal pattern of neuroimaging-based brain age estimation as a biomarker for Alzheimer's Disease related neurodegeneration
Authors:   , Taylor Alexei H. , Zhang Fengqing
Published: September 2022

The brain age gap (BAG) has been proposed as an Alzheimer's Disease (AD) biomarker and represents the difference between one's estimated brain age and chronological age. As AD-related neurodegeneration precedes clinical diagnosis, a longitudinal understanding of the BAG's temporal pattern is required. This study investigated how the BAG's trajectory varies by subject characteristics using data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Brain age was estimated using a support vector regression model trained with multimodal features of cortical thickness via magnetic resonance imaging, and standardized uptake value ratios via fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography data. Using multilevel modeling, the temporal pattern of the BAG was examined between participants given characteristics including clinical outcome, gender, and APOEÉ›4 carriership. Performance of the brain age prediction model was comparable to past studies (mean absolute error = 3.71 years) and was observed to have a linear increasing trajectory across an 8-year period. Additionally, the BAG of individuals with progressive mild cognitive impairment increased at a significantly faster rate across time compared to stable groups, where this effect was stronger in females. This accelerated BAG trajectory was not moderated by AD diagnosis time. Our observations strengthen support for the BAG as a potential biomarker of AD by prioritizing a longitudinal design and interpretation, as opposed to previously reported cross-sectional evidence.
Diastolic Dysfunction and Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction In Patients With Resistant Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Manukyan M. A. , Falkovskaya A. Yu. , Zyubanova I. V. , Lichikaki V. A. , Tsoi E. I. , Ryabova T. R. , Gusakova A. M. , Suslova T. E. , Mordovin V. F.
Published: September 2022

Aim      To study the incidence and clinical and pathophysiological features of diastolic dysfunction (DD) and chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) in patients with resistant arterial hypertension (RAH) associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).

Material and methods  A cross-sectional study that included 36 patients with RAH associated with type 2 DM (mean age, 61.4±6.4 years; 14 men) was performed. Measurement of office and 24-h blood pressure (BP), standard echocardiography with assessment of diastolic function (DF) and ventricular-arterial coupling, doppler ultrasound imaging of renal blood flow, and laboratory tests (blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, blood creatinine, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), type 2 and type 9 matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9), tissue inhibitor of MMP 1 (TIMP-1), 24-h urine protein test, and 24-h urine volume test were performed for all patients. HFpEF was diagnosed according to criteria of the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Society of Cardiology 2019, and the Russian Clinical Guidelines on Diagnosis and Treatment of CHF 2017 and 2020.

Results All patients had DD. Incidence of HFpEF detection according to the Russian Guidelines 2017 was 100%; according to the Russian Guidelines 2020, that included a required increase in BNP, and according to the criteria of the European Guidelines 2019, this incidence was 89 %. In 55.6 % of patients, DD corresponded to grade 2 (pseudonormal type). According to the correlation analysis, the DF impairment was associated with increases in pulse BP, myocardial mass, arterial and left ventricular elastance (arterial wall and left ventricular elasticity), basal glycemia and DM duration, MMP-2 level, proteinuria, blood creatinine, renal vascular resistance, and also with decreases in 24-h urine volume, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-1/MMP-2. Significance of the relations of mean E / e’ ratio with nighttime pulse BP, MMP-9, and 24-h urine volume were confirmed by results of multiple linear regression analysis. Increased myocardial and vascular wall stiffness, concentrations of MMP-2 and TNF-α and reduced 24-h urine volume were associated with progressive impairment of DF.

Conclusion      The combination of RAH and DM-2 is characterized by an extremely high incidence of DD that determines a great prevalence of HFpEF. The development and progression of DD in such patients are closely related with a complex of metabolic, proinflammatory and profibrotic biomarkers, increased vascular wall stiffness, pronounced left ventricular hypertrophy, and with structural and functional alterations in kidneys.
The use of an Inhaled Surfactant in Patients With Severe and Extremely Severe new Coronavirus Infection COVID-19 With Concomitant Cardiovascular Pathology
Authors: Trofimov N. A. , Babokin V. E. , Dubova A. V. , Koshelkova A. V. , Dimitrieva O. V. , Rodionov A. L. , Abizov I. N. , Oreshnikov E. V. , Anurov S. A. , Zamlikhanova S. S. , Igonin Yu. A. , Gordeeva K. E. , Surkova T. V. , Nikolsky V. O.
Published: September 2022

Aim      To study the effectiveness of nebulized surfactant therapy as a part of a multimodality treatment of severe and extremely severe COVID-19 viral pneumonia with concomitant cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).

Material and methods  This retrospective controlled study analyzed a multimodality treatment of 38 patients with severe and extremely severe COVID-19 viral pneumonia and concomitant CVDs who were administered nebulized surfactant for correction of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The control group consisted of 105 patients with severe and extremely severe novel coronavirus infection with concomitant CVDs who were not administered surfactant as a part of the multimodality therapy.

Results Administration of nebulized surfactant as a part of the multimodality treatment in patients with COVID-19 allowed alleviating the severity of respiratory insufficiency (р<0.001), which decreased the death rate of patients with severe and extremely severe COVID-19 and undoubtedly demonstrated the effectiveness of this medicine. The timely multimodality therapy, including nebulized surfactant, improves the course of the disease. Thus, the absence of a possibility for administering nebulized surfactant for more than 4 days was associated with fatal outcomes (р=0.045).

Conclusion      Administration of nebulized surfactant as a part of the multimodality treatment of severe and extremely severe COVID-19 and concomitant CVDs increases the survival (р<0.001) and reduces the mortality by 46 %. The risk factors of an unfavorable outcome of this disease include an age older than 65 (р=0.020), a positive polymerase chain reaction test (р=0.037), a ferritin concentration at baseline >600 mg /ml (р<0.001), and a surfactant treatment duration < 4 days (р=0.045). Further study of the efficacy of nebulized surfactants as a part of the multimodality therapy is required and should include randomized clinical trials with a large number of patients and the development of distinct criteria for the treatment of ARDS.
The use of systemic immune-inflammation index to predict new onset atrial fibrillation in the context of acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Sayın Muhammet Raşit , Özderya Ahmet , Konuş Ali Hakan , Yerlikaya Murat Gökhan , Maz Mehmet Ali , Çırakoğlu Ömer Faruk , Uzun Gülay , Kara Faruk
Published: September 2022

Aim    The objectives of this study were to determine the relationship between the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and new onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and to assess the use of this relation, if any, to predict NOAF in the context of ACSMaterial and Methods    A total of 622 patients diagnosed with ACS and followed up between September 2019 and September 2021 were included in this study. 35 (5.6 %) of these patients, suffering from NOAF, were designated as the patient group, and the remaining 577 (94.4 %) patients were designated as the control group. SII was calculated with the formula [ (platelet count x neutrophil count) / lymphocyte count] in all patients.Results    SII was significantly increased in the NOAF group [1641 (778-4506) vs. 660 (54-2835); p<0.001. The multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that SII [OR: 1.002, 95 %CI: 1.001–1.002, p<0.001] is one of the independent predictors for NOAF, in addition to age (p=0.003) and left atrium size (p=0.005).Conclusion    The SII index is an independent predictor of NOAF in ACS patients. This index can be used as an easily accessible value in the clinic. Assessment of risk factors for NOAF may permit early treatment and close follow-up of patients with poor prognosis who may develop AF.
Efficacy and Safety of Anticoagulant Therapy in Patients With Various Forms of Atrial Fibrillation After Interventional Treatment. Results of a Three-Year Follow-up
Authors: Eshmatov O. R. , Batalov R. E. , Archakov E. A. , Usenkov S. Yu. , Popov S. V.
Published: September 2022

Aim      To evaluate efficacy and safety of the anticoagulant therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) during a 36-month follow-up after an interventional treatment.

Material and methods  This study included 302 patients aged 29 to 81 years with various forms of AF. Catheter ablation (CA) of AF foci was performed for all patients. The patients were divided into 3 groups: group 1 with paroxysmal AF, group 2 with persistent AF, and group 3 with longstanding persistent AF. Two subgroups were isolated in each group, with effective and ineffective CA. Results of the follow-up were analyzed at 12, 24, and 36 months after discharge from the hospital. The follow-up interview recorded complaints of palpitation attacks, effectiveness of administered CA, compliance with the treatment, adverse clinical outcomes, including thromboembolic complications (TEC), bleeding, and hospitalizations.

Results Efficacy of the interventional treatment for 36 months was 65.3 % in patients with paroxysmal AF, 59.7 % in patients with persistent AF, and 57.1 % in patients with longstanding persistent AF. Patients with paroxysmal AF and effective CA had no adverse events throughout the same period during the antithrombotic treatment (ATT). In contrast, the group with ineffective ablation had both TEC and hemorrhagic complications during the ATT. In the group with persistent AF and effective CA throughout the follow-up period, TECs were less frequent than in the group of ineffective ablations during the ATT treatment. Patients with longstanding persistent AF and effective CA throughout the follow-up period, had no TECs in contrast to patients with ineffective ablation during the ATT treatment. There were no fatal outcomes in patients with effective procedure.

Conclusion      A successful CA procedure for AF provides a significant decrease in the risk of ischemic stroke. Furthermore, the invasive strategy does not increase the risk of major and minor bleedings.