bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel Hemoglobin from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803: Shedding Light on the Structure-Function Relationship and Its Biotechnological Applications
Authors: Asim Khan Mohd. , Uppal Sheetal , Kundu Suman
Published: December 2021

Cyanobacteria are oxygenic photosynthetic prokaryotes, practically present in every plausible environment on the earth. In 1996, the first cyanobacterial genome was sequenced from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and the cyanobacterial genome database has been continuously growing with genomes from more than 300 cyanobacterial and other related species, so far. Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 is one of the best-characterized cyanobacteria and has developed into a model cyanobacterium that scientists are using throughout the world. At the same time, the field of hemoglobin was undergoing a breakthrough with the identification of new globins in all three kingdoms of life including cyanobacteria. Since then, the newly identified globins in the cyanobacteria are raising intriguing questions about their structure and physiological functions, which are quite different from vertebrate’s hemoglobin and myoglobin. These hemoglobins have displayed unprecedented stability, unique heme coordination, novel conformational changes, and other properties that are not often observed in the globin superfamily. This chapter provides an overview of the unique globin from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, its interacting protein partners, proposed functions, and its biotechnological implications including potential in the field of artificial oxygen carriers.
Advances in the Pyrolysis Process and the Generation of Bioenergy
Authors: Rodrigues Santos Alves Vittor
Published: December 2021

The reduction of environmental impacts caused by emissions of greenhouse gases has become an internationalized goal. In this context the development of technologies capable of producing energy from clean or renewable sources has gained broad prominence, among them the fast pyrolysis is a type of thermochemical process capable of converting biomass and agroindustrial waste into a liquid product called bio-oil that has a wide range of applications in the bioenergy scenario. For this type of technology to be consolidated as an alternative source of renewable energy, economic, political and environmental incentives are necessary, as well as research development to improve the conversion processes, such as reactor types, logistics in obtaining and pre-treating potential biomass, improvement and conversion routes for bio-oil obtained in renewable biofuels or chemicals with higher added value. This chapter covers the fundamentals of thermal conversion of biomass into bio-oil and the most studied processes to convert bio-oil into a product with better properties, such as deoxygenation and energy densification.
The “Spaghetti Project”: the final identification guide to European Terebellidae (sensu lato) (Annelida, Terebelliformia)
Authors: Lavesque Nicolas , Hutchings Pat , Londoño-Mesa Mario H. , Nogueira João M.M. , Daffe Guillemine , Nygren Arne , Blanchet Hugues , Bonifácio Paulo , Broudin Caroline , Dauvin Jean-Claude , Droual Gabin , Gouillieux Benoit , Grall Jacques , Guyonnet Benjamin , Houbin Céline , Humbert Suzie , Janson Anne-Laure , Jourde Jérôme , Labrune Céline , Lamarque Bastien , Latry Lise , Le Garrec Vincent , Pelaprat Corine , Pezy Jean-Philippe , Sauriau Pierre-Guy , De Montaudouin Xavier
Published: December 2021

This paper is the conclusion of the “Spaghetti Project” aiming to revise French species of Terebellidae sensu lato (s.l.) belonging to the five families: Polycirridae, Telothelepodidae, Terebellidae sensu stricto (s.s.), Thelepodidae and Trichobranchidae. During this project, 41 species were observed, 31 of them new for science: eight species of Polycirridae, eleven species of Terebellidae s.s., three species of Thelepodidae and nine species of Trichobranchidae. We provide a comprehensive key for all European species of terebellids with a focus on the important diagnostic characters for each family. Finally, we discuss issues on taxonomy, biodiversity and cryptic and pseudo-cryptic species of polychaetes in European waters, based on results obtained during this project.
Efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia: a group format implementation in the Spanish National Health System
Authors: Lantarón-Imedio Paula , Pina-Camacho Mª Rosario , Moya-Diago Marcos L. , Pascual-Vera Belén , Mateu César , García-Trilles Elvira , Carrió Carmen
Published: December 2021

Background. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-i) is considered the first-line treatment for this disorder, but it is not widely implemented in clinical settings. This study aims to examine the efficacy of a CBT-i in group format in the Spanish National Health System. Method. Fifty-two participants with a Primary Insomnia Disorder (55.8% women; Mage = 47.19, SD = 11.02) were assigned to a CBT-i (n =17) or waiting list condition (n = 21). Treatment consisted of eight group format sessions (2 hours/week). Results. Significant improvements in insomnia severity, sleep quality, and insomnia-related dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes were observed in patients who received CBT-i. Emotional symptoms also decreased after the intervention in the CBT-i group. Conclusion. Findings support the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia with a group protocol for patients with primary insomnia disorder. The maintenance role of insomnia-related dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes in this disorder is also suggested.
Experience of dating violence’s victims in Indonesia: A photovoice study
Authors: Asikin Alda Soraya , Aipipidely Diana , Kiling Indra Yohanes
Published: December 2021

Dating violence is one of the major violence issues that is continuously threatening female youth in Indonesia. Dating violence can cause significant negative consequences to its victims, which are often underestimated in areas with strong patriarchal cultures. This study aims to identify the experience faced by dating violence victims, which could help expand the literature and provide insights for better violence prevention programs. Photovoice design was used and data were gathered through interviews and a focus group. Participants involved in this study are nine female youth victims of dating violence in Kupang, Indonesia. Analysis of interviews and focus group identified five main themes: 1) types of dating violence, 2) risk factors, 3) protective factors, 4) impacts of dating violence, and 5) withstanding and withdrawing from the relationship. Dating violence risk factors were patriarchal attitude, social and economic condition, lack of knowledge about dating violence, and exposure to violence. Factors that protect female youth from dating violence were positive self-concept, knowledge about dating violence, the role of parents, educational institutions, and health institutions. Reasons for victims to withstand their dating relationships were varied. Types and impacts of dating violence were also varied based on unique experiences. This study provides a deeper understanding of the experience of dating violence victims through photovoice methodology. These experiences were affected by religious and cultural beliefs distinctive to the Indonesian context, highlighting the need for more culture-fit interventions.
Viewpoints e cognição: Soft focus e integração multissensorial
Authors: Wachowicz Fatima , Stevens Catherine J.
Published: December 2021

O treinamento Viewpoints tem sido usado nas últimas décadas como uma ferramenta para improvisação e composição em dança e teatro. Teoriza-se que desenvolve os sentidos para respostas rápidas, destaca a atenção, melhora a sensação de vivacidade no palco, desenvolve a consciência e a dinâmica de grupo. Nesta pesquisa, conceitos da psicologia cognitiva foram usados para compreender os processos que podem ocorrer durante o treinamento. Sugere-se que um tipo de "sinestesia" pode ocorrer e aumentar a interação entre os sentidos. Um quasi experimento foi aplicado para investigar os processos perceptuais e cognitivos envolvidos. Resultados revelam um impacto positivo na sincronia e coesão do grupo.
ANÁLISIS MEDIANTE GEOMÁTICA DE TRES RETABLOS BARROCOS EN EL SURESTE ESPAÑOL: LA SINGULARIDAD DE UN PATRIMONIO RELIGIOSO DE INTERÉS TURÍSTICO
Authors: Peña Velasco Concepción , García León Josefina , Riquelme Gómez María de los Ángeles
Published: December 2021

La documentación gráfica aportada por las nuevas tecnologías posee un enorme potencial para la investigación, docencia y difusión, que, en este caso, se ha aplicado a tres retablos del siglo XVIII, con categoría de BIC. Se ha realizado una modelización con Fotogrametría y Láser escáner. Los resultados, interpretados y debatidos por profesionales diversos, proporcionan información útil para el estudio del bien y permiten afrontar actuaciones de conservación y sensibilización patrimonial y plantear acciones destinadas a personas con discapacidad. Se hace un análisis comparativo y se reflexiona sobre la divulgación óptima como recurso turístico a partir de la documentación y análisis efectuados.

Graphic documentation provided by new technologies has enormous potential for research, teaching and dissemination. In this study, the technique is applied to three eighteenth-century altarpieces, officially recognized as Cultural Heritage Assets. A modelling was performed using photogrammetry and laser scanning. The results, interpreted and discussed by a range of professionals, provide useful information for studying the altar pieces and a basis for planning conservation, raising awareness and proposing actions aimed at groups with disabilities. The study includes a comparative analysis and considers ways of optimizing use as a tourist resource based on this type of documentation and analysis.
The Geographies of Precarious Labour in Canada
Authors: Ali Waad K. , Newbold K. Bruce , Mills Suzanne E.
Published: December 2021

Using Statistics Canada’s 2011-2016 Labor Force Surveys, this paper examines the spatial dimensions of precarious forms of employment (PFE) in Canada. We first compare different PFEs across a range of geographies including national, provincial, census metropolitan areas and urban/rural areas. The results show that different PFEs exhibited distinct spatial patterns across space and scale. Second, using logistic regression models, results show that patterns in PFEs were reinforced by factors such as immigration status, gender, age, education, and income. These models further confirm that spatial variations in PFEs were robust even when controlling for socio-demographic and socio-economic effects. Taken together, these marked spatial patterns advances our understanding of the spatial divisions of precariousness in Canada.
Vers une utilisation accrue du transport en commun à Québec ? Analyse des impacts de scénarios pour les personnes fréquentant le campus universitaire
Authors: Dubé Jean , Aubry Gabriel , Beaudoin Camille , Carrier-Morissette Alexandre , Fecteau Jean , Herbuvaux Alexandre
Published: December 2021

L’actualité fait état d’un certain engouement pour le développement du transport en commun dans la région de Québec. Que ce soit par le projet d’implantation du tramway, du trambus, ou encore par la construction d’un troisième lien permettant de lier plus directement le secteur historique de la ville de Lévis. Bien que ces projets cherchent à augmenter la part modale du transport en commun, aucune étude n’a encore formellement tenté de chiffrer ces impacts. La principale contribution de cet article est précisément de fournir une estimation de cet effet pour les personnes ayant pour destination le campus de l’Université Laval. À partir de données récoltées dans une enquête en ligne en 2015, l’article propose une méthodologie permettant de contrôler le biais de sélection, tout en liant les habitudes de déplacements aux caractéristiques des répondants, aux caractéristiques du milieu de vie et aux caractéristiques des déplacements. Le modèle déterministe est utilisé afin de simuler les impacts possibles des différents projets de transport en commun sur la base de scénarios liés aux gains de temps réalisés pour les déplacements et la densification du milieu bâti. L’analyse montre que le réseau structurant de transport en commun est le plus susceptible d’avoir un impact sur les comportements de mobilité, alors que le projet de troisième lien passant par la pointe de l’Île-d’Orléans est le projet avec l’impact le plus faible.
The Moisture Content and Absorption Levels of Carbon Dioxide in Binuang Bini (Octomeles sumatrana Miq) Trees For Climate Change Management
Authors: Kailola J , Mardiatmoko G , Simanjuntak R , Kastanya A
Published: December 2021

Binuang bini (Octomeles sumatrana Miq) is a fast-growing tree with numerous economic benefits, such as the provision of wood for carpentry purposes, building boards, water management, and absorption of carbon dioxide (CO2). Therefore, this tree species has great potential and needs to be included in Reducing Emission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD)+'s mitigation program to tackle climate change. In its development, REDD+ has made it possible to carry out carbon trading in the world. Therefore, countries capable of performing protective functions and carry out reforestation, afforestation, and restoration, have the opportunity to be involved in world carbon trading. This study aims to determine the moisture content and carbon absorption rate of Binuang bini trees as a first step to regulate the allometric equation using destructive and laboratory analysis. The results show that the water content in the roots, leaves, as well as the base, middle, and tip of the stem were: 73.69%, 68.39%, 65.59%, 61.22%, and 66.26%, respectively. Furthermore, the sample test results indicate a very close relationship between carbon concentration and absorbance in the O. sumatrana tree with a simple linear regression equation: Y = 0.002X + 0.0593 with R2 = 0.9896. Therefore, this regression equation can be used to calculate the carbon concentration sample for the O. sumatrana tree fraction. The carbon content in 3 tree samples with a breast height diameter of 9.24 cm, 10.08 cm, and 11.68 cm was 2,585 kg. 2,913 kg, and 4,654 kg, respectively. In addition, the carbon sequestration for each tree diameter per year is 1.581 kg year-1, 1,782 kg year-1and 2,847 kg year-1, respectively.
Research on Emergency Logistics Model of Agricultural Products Based on Coupling of Petri Net and Blockchain
Authors: Ge Huimin , Liu Haisheng , Wang Rui , Zhu Shuai , Shao Linbei
Published: December 2021

In this COVID-19 epidemic, due to insufficient awareness of the impact of sudden public health emergencies on agricultural logistics at this stage, agricultural products were left unsold, stocks were backlogged, and losses were severe. In the process of distribution, we should not only ensure a short time cycle and avoid the contamination of agricultural products by foreign bacteria, but also pay attention to the waste of human, material, and financial resources. Therefore, this study mainly adopts the combination of the petrochemical network and block chain to build an agricultural products emergency logistics model. This paper first shows the operation mechanism of the petri dish network and blockchain coupling in the form of a graph and then uses the culture network modelling and simulation tool PIPE to directly verify the construction model. It is proved that the structure and overall business process of the agricultural products logistics system constructed by combining the Petri net and block chain are reasonable, reliable, and feasible in practical application and development. It is hoped that this study can provide a reference direction for agricultural emergency logistics.
Rates the Ships Must Pay to Deliver the Oil Sludge as an Incentive to Improve Port Waste Green Logistics
Authors: Tuljak-Suban Danijela , Suban Valter
Published: December 2021

Vessels of the shipping industry produce sludge during the operation of the main engine, various types of auxiliary engines, and the handling of fuel oil on board ships. The sludge can be stored in special tanks and disposed of ashore or burned on board. In the European Union, according to the Port Reception Facilities Directive (EU) 2019/883, ships have to pay a port waste fee for the delivery of ship waste, which is calculated according to the size of the ship. Such an approach does not take into account the capacity of port green waste logistics. In this paper, the case of delivery of ship sludge to ports that are similar in terms of waste logistics capacity is analysed. It is presented as a mathematical game between ships and ports to improve green waste logistics and match the amount of oil sludge that can be discharged from ships to the capacity of ports. The goal of the game is to discourage free-riders, which can occur on both sides, between suppliers and ports. The waste rate can be used as a regulator and incentive that discourages sludge dumping when recycling is not feasible. A model evaluation is proposed using a numerical example.
A política externa brasileira e a UNASUL: geopolítica e expansão do capitalismo brasileiro na América do Sul
Authors: Nery Tiago
Published: December 2021

Investiga a tensão entre a dimensão política e econômica da política externa brasileira, em período marcado pela ascensão das forças progressistas em diferentes países sul-americanos, na primeira década do século XXI. A análise efetua-se ao nível macro, sistêmico, da relação entre Estado e capitalismo, na dimensão regional, entre os projetos políticos de regionalismo e a expansão do capitalismo brasileiro na América do Sul, e ao nível micro, nacional, entre as orientações de política externa das distintas coalizões políticas e o modelo de desenvolvimento dominante. Com esse recorte temporal, o autor propõe uma reflexão sobre as mudanças na América do Sul, e especialmente no Brasil, destacando a criação da União das Nações Sul-Americanas (Unasul) como expressão das políticas sociais inclusivas e políticas externas autônomas adotadas. A obra inclui ainda um olhar sobre o momento atual, com a perda da arquitetura institucional sul-americana construída em governos anteriores e o refluxo dos investimentos internacionais de empresas brasileiras envolvidas nos processos da Lava Jato, entre outros aspectos.
Local ancestry prediction with PyLAE
Authors: Moshkov Nikita , Smetanin Aleksandr , Tatarinova Tatiana V.
Published: December 2021

We developed PyLAE, a new tool for determining local ancestry along a genome using whole-genome sequencing data or high-density genotyping experiments. PyLAE can process an arbitrarily large number of ancestral populations (with or without an informative prior). Since PyLAE does not involve estimating many parameters, it can process thousands of genomes within a day. PyLAE can run on phased or unphased genomic data. We have shown how PyLAE can be applied to the identification of differentially enriched pathways between populations. The local ancestry approach results in higher enrichment scores compared to whole-genome approaches. We benchmarked PyLAE using the 1000 Genomes dataset, comparing the aggregated predictions with the global admixture results and the current gold standard program RFMix. Computational efficiency, minimal requirements for data pre-processing, straightforward presentation of results, and ease of installation make PyLAE a valuable tool to study admixed populations.

Availability and implementation

The source code and installation manual are available at https://github.com/smetam/pylae.
Comprehensive analysis of ceRNA network of ERCC4 in colorectal cancer
Authors: Hu Huixin , Liu Songyi , Chu Aining , Chen Jing , Xing Chengzhong , Jing Jingjing
Published: December 2021

Objective

ERCC4 is one of the most significant molecules of Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER), which has been researched due to its high expression in colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to find out the ceRNA (competitive endogenous RNA) network of ERCC4 in CRC.

Methods and Materials

Pan cancer mRNA expression of ERCC4 was evaluated using TCGA database. The protein expression of ERCC4 was evaluated based on the Human Protein Atlas (HPA). We screened DElncRNAs and DEmiRNAs in two groups of ERCC4high and ERCC4low expression in CRC. Then a lncRNA-miRNA-ERCC4 regulatory network was constructed based on DElncRNAs and DEmiRNAs using Starbase database and visualized by Cytoscape software. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to evaluate the prognostic value of the ceRNA network. Further, RT-PCR was performed to validate the expression of the representative molecules in the ceRNA network in CRC and normal tissues. The relationship between drug sensitivity and these molecules were also evaluated using RNAactDrug database.

Results

ERCC4 was overexpressed in a variety of tumors at mRNA levels, including CRC. High expression of ERCC4 was also observed on protein level in CRC. A total of 1,885 DElncRNAs and 68 DEmiRNAs were identified from CRC samples in ERCC4high and ERCC4low expression groups. Predicted by the Starbase database, we got interacting miRNAs and lncRNAs of ERCC4 from the DEmiRNAs and DElncRNAs, and a lncRNA-miRNA-ERCC4 regulatory network was constructed. Kaplan-Meier survival curves results showed that miR-200c-3p (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.62, P = 0.032), MALAT1 (HR = 1.54, P = 0.016), and AC005520.2 (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.75, P = 0.002) were significantly associated with the prognosis of CRC. After validation by RT-PCR, we found that ERCC4 and MALAT1 were up-regulated in CRC compared with normal tissues, while miR-200c-3p was down-regulated. A strong negative correlation was observed between MALAT1 and miR-200c-3p. Drug sensitivity analysis showed that ERCC4, miR-200c and MALAT1 were all associated with Cisplatin.

Conclusion

We constructed a ceRNA network of ERCC4 in CRC, of which the MALAT1-miR-200c-3p-ERCC4 axis may be involved in the development, prognosis and chemotherapy sensitivity of CRC. These findings might provide novel clues and insights on the molecular mechanisms of ERCC4 and NER pathway in CRC.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ РАБОТЫ АКУСТОЭЛЕКТРОННЫХ УСТРОЙСТВ НА ПОВЕРХНОСТНЫХ АКУСТИЧЕСКИХ ВОЛНАХ, "Электронная техника. Серия 3. Микроэлектроника"
Authors: Рощупкин Д.В.
Published: December 2021

В работе рассмотрены современные электронно-микроскопические и рентгеновские методы визуализации процесса распространения поверхностных акустических волн (ПАВ) в твердых телах. Применение данных методов позволяет визуализировать акустические волновые поля в режиме реального времени, исследовать взаимодействие ПАВ с дефектами кристаллической структуры, исследовать дифракционные явления в акустических пучках, определять скорости ПАВ и углы сноса потока акустической энергии.
РАЗВИТИЕ УСТРОЙСТВ ВСТРОЕННОГО САМОРЕМОНТА БЛОКОВ СТАТИЧЕСКОЙ ОПЕРАТИВНОЙ ПАМЯТИ, "Электронная техника. Серия 3. Микроэлектроника"
Authors: Щигорев Л.А.
Published: December 2021

Предложена новая структура анализатора ремонта, хранящая информацию о неработоспособных элементах статической оперативной памяти в виде вектора ошибки. Проведено сравнение технологических характеристик устройств встроенного саморемонта памяти, реализованных на базе различных анализаторов ремонта. Показано преимущество предложенной структуры над известными ранее реализациями, заключающееся в сокращении длин критических путей, а также площади, занимаемой на кристалле.
ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ NB-IoT В RELEASE 16 И RELEASE 17, "Электронная техника. Серия 3. Микроэлектроника"
Authors: Михайлов В.Ю. , Котляров Е.Ю. , Нуйкин А.В.
Published: December 2021

В статье рассмотрены стандартизированные Партнерским проектом 3GPP изменения технологии NB-IoT в сетях 4G/5G, приведенные в Release 16 и Release 17. Приведен расчет потерь радиолинии «спутник–мобильная станция» в рамках реализации спутникового сегмента 5G для Интернета вещей.
Silica‐coated magnetic nanobeads in a flow enrichment target capture Halbach (FETCH) magnetic separation system for circulating tumor cell enrichment
Authors: Liu Peng , He Sitian , Mentink Anouk , Hart Pieter , Wu Yongjun , Terstappen Leon W. M. M. , Jonkheijm Pascal , Stevens Michiel
Published: January 2025

Detecting circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is challenging due to their low presence and heterogeneity. Traditional methods using EpCAM‐based separation struggle with CTCs that have undergone epithelial‐mesenchymal transition, as this results in lower EpCAM expression. This study presents the use of silica‐coated magnetic nanobeads functionalized with streptavidin for CTC capture. Using the FETCH magnetic separation system, we validated the capture efficiency of our beads on tumor cells with varying EpCAM expression. Our beads showed superior capture rates for LNCaP (97%), PC3‐9 (91%), PC3 (23%), A549 (22%), and T24 (8%) cells compared to commercial MojoSort™ beads. Despite slightly higher nonspecific binding than CellSearch, our beads demonstrated improved sensitivity for EpCAMlow cells, suggesting they have promise for enhanced CTC capture.
High‐performance p‐n Thermocells by Interface Optimization Based on Liquid Metal for Powering Wearable Devices
Authors: Tian Yuqing , Wei Wei , Sun Zhouquan , Hu Yunhao , Li Kerui , Zhang Qinghong , Li Yaogang , Hou Chengyi , Wang Hongzhi
Published: January 2025

Using body heat as a sustainable energy source through the thermoelectric effect to power wearable electronics is promising. Ionic thermoelectric materials based on the thermogalvanic effect can generate stable voltage under low‐temperature differences, but their low thermopower and poor contact interface with electrodes hinder practical use. In this study, strong chaotropic salts are utilized to modify the solvation shells of ions, increasing the thermopower of the p‐type redox couple [Fe(CN)₆]3⁻/[Fe(CN)₆]⁴⁻ to 3.98 mV K−1. Additionally, Arrhenius acid is introduced to inhibit the deprotonation of the n‐type redox couple Fe3⁺/Fe2⁺, enhancing the thermopower to −2.29 mV K−1. Liquid metal electrodes, with excellent deformability and hydrogen bonding with hydrogel surfaces, effectively reduce the resistance of thermocells. Thus, a pair of p‐n thermocells achieve a voltage output of 118 mV and a current density of 4.5 A m−2, with a maximum power density of 0.11 W m−2 (ΔT = 5 K). A wearable device integrated with 18 p‐n pairs can generate a voltage of 2.2 V from body heat and continuously power portable electronic devices. This work demonstrates the promising potential of wearable self‐powered devices for practical daily applications.
A Hydrazine‒Water Galvanic Cell‐Inspired Self‐Powered High‐Rate Hydrogen Production via Overall Hydrazine Electrosplitting
Authors: Zhang Linjie , Li Man , Sun Chen , Wang Hsiao‐Tsu , Xiao Yi , Ma Ke , Cai Yimeng , Lee Cheng‐You , Shao Yu‐Cheng , Wang Chia‐Hsin , Zhao Shuwen , Ishii Hirofumi , Hiraoka Nozomu , Wang Xiuyun , Pao Chih‐Wen , Han Lili
Published: January 2025

Exploring advanced electrolysis techniques for attaining scene‐adaptive and on‐site green H2 production is an imperative matter of utmost practical significance but grand challenge remains. Herein, drawn inspiration from a spontaneous hydrazine‒H2O galvanic cell configured on a low‐valence Ru single atoms‐loaded Mo2C electrode (RuSA/v‐Mo2C), an alternative H2 energy solution utilizing self‐powered electrochemical hydrazine splitting (N2H4 → 2H2 + N2) instead of the stereotyped electricity‐consumed water splitting for green H2 production is proposed. This solution highlights a pH‐decoupled hydrazine‒H2O primary battery with notable open‐circuit voltage of 1.37 V and energy density up to 358 Wh gN2H4−1, which powerfully propels an alkaline hydrazine splitting cell, leading to bilateral H2 harvest with a remarkable rate of 18 mol h−1 m−2, i.e., 403.2 L h−1 m−2, setting a new record for the self‐sustaining electricity‐powered H2 production systems. The success of RuSA/v‐Mo2C for this solution is further decoded by tandem theoretical and in situ spectroscopic studies, cross‐verifying a Ru‒Mo dual‐site synergy in streamlining the overall energy barriers, thereby enhancing the kinetics of electrode reactions. This pioneering work, showcasing electrochemical H2 production free from both external energy and feedstock inputs, opens up a new horizon on way of the ultimate H2 energy solution.
Unlocking the Critical Role of Cations Doping in MnO2 Cathode with Enhanced Reaction Kinetics for Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Taotao , Zhang Nan , Liu Bingchen , Wang Pengfei , Liu Zonglin , Wang Yuange , Xu Dinghao , Tian Hao , Zhang Qianyu , Yi Ting‐Feng
Published: January 2025

MnO2‐based cathode aqueous rechargeable zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) have favorable sustainability characteristics and are considered potential candidates for low‐cost effective, high‐safety energy storage systems. Nevertheless, the development of them has been hampered by unstable electrode structures and ambiguous charge storage mechanisms. Herein, the role of doping Fe3+ and Co2+ into δ‐MnO2 cathode materials (FMO, CMO) is comprehensively probed and the working mechanism of Zn//FMO, Zn//CMO batteries are studied using in situ and ex situ characterization, electrochemical analysis, and theoretical calculations. Metal cations can partially replace Mn to form M─O bonds and enhance the structural stability as well as redox activity of MnO2. It is found that Fe doping effectively modulates the interaction between Zn2+/H+ and the MnO2 structure and inhibits the formation of ZnMn2O4 (ZMO) by‐products and Co doping confers the fast diffusion ability of Zn2+. The charge storage reactions of FMO and CMO are mainly via H+/Zn2+ intercalation/deintercalation accompanied by OTF‐base‐like double hydroxide Znx(OTF)y(OH)2x‐y‐nH2O (Z‐LDH) deposition/dissolution. This research enriches the fundamental comprehension of rechargeable ZIBs and reveals the way to modify electrodes for performance enhancement.
Glucose‐Responsive Zn(II)‐Porphyrin COF Adhesive Hydrogels With Dual‐Active Sites and GOX‐Like Activity for Accelerated Wound Healing
Authors: Wu Jin , Meng Tao , Zhang Xiaoqian , Tang Songtao , Liu Lei , Xue Jing , Liu Xiaohui , Wang Junjun , Wen Jiyue , Hu Danyou , Zhang Guiyang
Published: January 2025

Effective glycemic control is paramount for optimal wound healing in diabetic patients. Traditional antibacterial and anti‐inflammatory treatments, while important, often fall short in addressing the hyperglycemic conditions of diabetic wounds. Therefore, the development of novel therapeutic strategies for accelerating diabetic wound healing has garnered escalating attention. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are an emerging class of crystalline porous polymers constructed through strong covalent bonds. Their exceptional structural tunability renders them as an ideal platform for advanced therapeutic applications. Herein, two redox‐responsive Zn(II)‐coordinated porphyrin COF hydrogels are constructed, which demonstrate rapid blood glucose reduction in localized tissues, along with improved angiogenesis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, and photothermal antimicrobial capacities within the hyperglycemic blood environment of diabetic patients, thereby effectively controlling infections and concurrently promoting wound healing. Specifically, COFs with built‐in dual active sites, i.e., disulfide or diselenide moieties, can be cleaved by ROS, releasing Zn(II) ions that possess antibacterial and tissue‐repairing properties. Furthermore, the Zn(II)‐porphyrin COF exhibits glucose oxidase (GOX)‐like activity, catalyzing the conversion of glucose into non‐glucose metabolites. This synergistic combination of glucose‐responsive Zn(II) release and GOX‐like activities effectively restores tissue redox balance and improves the wound microenvironment, offering a promising strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetic wounds.
Emerging 0D Hybrid Metal Halide Luminescent Glasses
Authors: Li Bohan , Wang Yuzhen , Xu Yan , Xia Zhiguo
Published: January 2025

0D hybrid metal halide (HMH) luminescent glasses have garnered significant attentions for its chemical diversity in optoelectronic applications and it also retains the skeleton connectivity and coordination mode of the crystalline counterparts while exhibiting various physics/chemistry characteristics distinct from the crystalline states. However, understanding of the glass‐forming ability and the specific structural origins underpinning the luminescent properties of 0D HMH glasses remains elusive. In this review, it is started from the solid‐liquid phase transition and thermodynamic analysis of 0D HMHs formed through melt‐quenching, and summarize the current compounds capable of stably forming glassy phases via chemical structural design. The structural characterization methods are further discussed and highlight the exceptional transparency, specific luminescent properties, and glass crystallization behaviors. Moreover, the application prospects demonstrated by these 0D HMH glasses have been presented accordingly in X‐ray detection and imaging, anti‐counterfeiting, and information encryption. Finally, perspective is offered into the future development of this emerging family of 0D HMH glasses and their applications.
Nanoparticle‐Mediated Explosive Anti‐PD‐L1 Factory Built in Tumor for Advanced Immunotherapy
Authors: Park Mihyeon , Lim Junha , Lee Seohee , Nah Yunyoung , Kang Yeoul , Kim Won Jong
Published: January 2025

Immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies, has revolutionized oncology. However, it encounters challenges such as inadequate drug accumulation and limited efficacy against “cold” tumors characterized by lack of T cell infiltration and immunosuppressive microenvironments. Here, a controlled antibody production and releasing nanoparticle (CAPRN) is introduced, designed to augment ICB efficacy by facilitating tumor‐targeted antibody production and inducing photodynamic cell death. CAPRN achieves tumor‐specific accumulation via pH‐responsive PEG detachment, enabling efficient intracellular gene delivery encoding anti‐PD‐L1 antibody. Laser‐induced photodynamic therapy (PDT) not only triggers cancer cell death but also facilitates targeted antibody release from dying tumor cells. CAPRN demonstrates significant anti‐tumor efficacy, attributed to multiple effects including enhanced antibody release, dendritic cell (DC) maturation, and T cell activation. Moreover, CAPRN exhibits substantial tumor suppression in both primary and bilateral tumor models, accompanied by activated T cell infiltration and enhanced immune responses. This study presents a novel strategy for priming robust immunotherapy, offering targeted antibody release through laser‐assisted photodynamic nanoparticles.
Unveiling the Oxidation Mechanisms of High‐entropy Carbides Through Atomic‐scale Dynamic Observation
Authors: Zhuang Lei , Wen Zihao , Liu Yiwen , Yang Jing , Yu Hulei , Chu Yanhui
Published: January 2025

Understanding the behavior of high‐entropy carbides (HECs) under oxygen‐containing environments is of particular importance for their promising applications in structural components, catalysis, and energy‐related fields. Herein, the structural evolution of (Ta, Ti, Cr, Nb)C (HEC‐1) nanoparticles (NPs) is tracked in situ during the oxidation at the atomic scale by using an open‐cell environmental aberration‐corrected scanning transmission electron microscope. Three key stages are clearly discerned during the oxidation of HEC‐1 NPs at the atomic level below 900 °C: i) increased amorphization of HEC‐1 NPs from 300 to 500 °C due to the energetically favorable formation of carbon vacancies and substitution of carbon with oxygen atoms; ii) nucleation and subsequent growth of locally ordered nanocluster intermediates within the generated amorphous oxides from 500 to 800 °C; and iii) final one‐step crystallization of non‐equimolar MeO2 and Me2O5 (Me = metallic elements, Ta, Ti, Cr, and Nb) high‐entropy oxides above 800 °C, accompanied with the reduction in atomic defects. This result is further confirmed by theoretical calculations that these observed high‐entropy oxide phases are thermodynamically preferable to generate above 830 °C. The study provides direct evidence of the ordered–disordered–ordered structural transition of HECs during oxidation.
Construction of Full‐Spectrum‐Response Bi3O4Br:Er3+@Bi2O3‐x S‐Scheme Heterojunction With [Bi─O] Tetrahedral Sharing by Integrated Upconversion and Photothermal Effect Toward Optimized Photocatalytic Performance
Authors: Li Zhifeng , Xu Liang , Yin Zhaoyi , Ma Junhao , Dong Xiaoyi , Wang Shangyong , Song Zhiguo , Qiu Jianbei , Li Yongjin
Published: January 2025

Designing and optimizing photocatalysts to maximize the use of sunlight and achieve fast charge transport remains a goal of photocatalysis technology. Herein, a full‐spectrum‐response Bi3O4Br:Er3+@Bi2O3‐x core–shell S‐scheme heterojunction is designed with [Bi─O] tetrahedral sharing using upconversion (UC) functionality, photothermal effects, and interfacial engineering. The UC function of Er3+ and plasmon resonance effect of Bi2O3‐x greatly improves the utilization of sunlight. The equivalent layer structure of Bi3O4Br and Bi2O3‐x facilitates the construction of high‐quality S‐scheme heterojunction interfaces with close atomic‐level contact obtained from the [Bi─O] tetrahedral sharing and the resulting Bi3O4Br:Er3+@Bi2O3‐x core–shell morphology, enabled efficient charge transfer. Furthermore, localized temperature increase, induced by photothermal effects, enhanced the chemical reaction kinetics. Benefiting from the distinctive construction, the Bi3O4Br:Er3+@Bi2O3‐x heterojunctions exhibit excellent performance in the photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol A that is 2.40 times and 4.98 times greater than that of Bi3O4Br:Er3+ alone under full‐spectrum light irradiation and near‐infrared light irradiation, respectively. This work offers an innovative perspective for the design and fabrication of full‐spectrum‐response S‐scheme heterojunction photocatalysts with efficient solar energy utilization based on high quality interfaces, UC functionality, and the photothermal effect.
Control Over Vertical Composition in Low Complexity Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Dong Xinyun , Lee Byongkyu , Song Runqiao , Neu Justin , Kashani Somayeh , You Wei , Ade Harald
Published: January 2025

Inverted organic solar cells are promising due to their better stability compared to conventional structures. Donors with low synthetic complexity are desirable to lower costs. However, inverted devices are rarely used in low‐complexity systems. To investigate the reasons, the low‐complexity PTQ10:BTP‐eC9 binary system is benchmarked against the high‐complexity PM6:BTP‐eC9 system. In PTQ10:BTP‐eC9, where the efficiency of inverted devices lags the conventional structure significantly, distinct wetting layers are observed in conventional and inverted device structures. Conversely, the vertical distribution of PM6:BTP‐eC9 remains unaffected by changes in interlayer materials. The surface is always enriched in BTP‐eC9, but less for PM6. Importantly, the addition of PC71 BM reduces the nonuniform vertical composition gradients. As the PC71 BM concentration increases, the efficiency of the inverted PTQ10 devices approach that of the conventional devices and PTQ10:BTP‐eC9:PC71 BM (1:1.2:0.4) exhibits negligible efficiency differences between inverted (14.01%) and conventional (14.49%) architectures. The concentration‐gradients aredriven by the interfacial energy between the active layer and interlayer materials and the casting kinetics in the case of the surface. Understanding the thermodynamic and kinetic aspects provides valuable insights for optimizing the performance of inverted organic solar cells, bringing them closer to practical applications.
Nominal Lanthanum Niobate, a Versatile Additive for Reducing Grain Boundary Resistance in Conductive Ceramics
Authors: Liu Limin , Liu Yujian , Zhou Xiaoliang , Tietz Frank , Grüner Daniel , Yang Tingting , Jin Lei , Liu Xingyu , Malzbender Jürgen , Schwaiger Ruth , Dunin‐Borkowski Rafal E. , Ma Qianli
Published: January 2025

Conductive ceramics currently play a vital role in human life. In practical applications, most conductive ceramics are polycrystalline, and their overall conductivity (σtotal) is influenced by both bulk and grain boundary resistances (Rbulk and Rgb, respectively). While Rbulk is mainly of academic interest, Rgb often determines the quality of a conductive ceramic component. Currently, studies discussing the influence of specific methods on grain boundary resistances are typically related to individual ceramics. In this study, it is discovered that the addition of 0.5–3 mol% nominal LaNbO4 significantly reduces the Rgb of several well‐known conductive ceramics, such as rhombohedral NaSICON‐type Na+‐ion‐conducting Na3.4Zr2Si2.4P0.6O12 and Li+‐ion conducting Li1.5Al0.5Ti1.5P3O12, Li+‐ion‐conducting tetragonal perovskite Li0.34La0.56TiO3, oxygen‐ion‐conducting cubic fluorite 8 mol% Y2O3 stabilized ZrO2, and electron‐conducting perovskite SrTiO3 (sintered in a reducing atmosphere). In particular, for NZSP and LATP, the enhanced σtotal reaches 9.3 × 10−3 S cm−1 and 2.1 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 25 °C, surpassing previously published results. Detailed investigations reveal that the microstructure of the grain boundaries in all the ceramics undergoes significant improvements. The findings elevate the importance of research on grain boundaries, inspiring the development of conductive ceramics with higher σtotal for superior applications.
Dynamic Covalent Spiropyran Exchange for Rapid Structural Diversification
Authors: Drichel Alwin , Garmshausen Yves , Hecht Stefan
Published: January 2025

Here we disclose that spiropyrans are able to undergo dynamic covalent exchange via their corresponding merocyanine isomers. In the latter, the indolinium moieties can be exchanged by a Michael‐type addition‐elimination sequence, in which a methylene indoline attacks a merocyanine and subsequently the initial indoline fragment is cleaved. The rate and position of the exchange equilibrium strongly depend on the reaction conditions as well as the substitution pattern on the methylene indoline fragments. Importantly, spiropyran cross exchange is catalyzed by indolinium salts and provides the opportunity for rapid in situ structural diversification of spiropyrans. This was used as synthetic tool to access various, hitherto inaccessible spiropyrans as potential dual‐color photoinitiators for xolography. Moreover, we foresee application to screen dynamic covalent libraries of spiropyrans for photochromic properties and to exploit their light‐sensitivity to bias the thermal equilibrium.
Defluorinative C−O Coupling between Trifluoromethylarenes and Alcohols via Copper Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Saha Priya , Jin Mingoo , Huang Dennis Chung‐Yang
Published: January 2025

Fluorine‐containing compounds have shown unparalleled impacts in the realm of functional molecules, and the ability to prepare novel structures has been crucial in unlocking new properties for applications in pharmaceutical and materials science. Herein, we report a copper‐catalyzed, photoinduced defluorinative C−O coupling between trifluoromethylarenes and alcohols. This method allows for direct access to a wide selection of difluorobenzylether (ArCF2OR) molecules, including a compound displaying liquid crystal behavior. Through slight modification of the protocol, we were able to generate difluorobenzyliodide (ArCF2I) products, another class of synthetically useful fluorine‐bearing molecules. Mechanistic investigations first suggested that ArCF2I can serve as a reservoir to steadily supply the key ArCF2⋅ radical species. Furthermore, experimental evidence supported a mechanism consisting of two collaborative cycles: C−F activation operated by a homoleptic Cu(I) coordinated by two bisphosphine ligands as the photocatalyst and C−O coupling promoted by a Cu(I) ligated by a single bisphosphine ligand. The critical roles of the two salt additives, lithium iodide and zinc acetate, in orchestrating the two cycles were also elucidated. This dual‐role copper catalyst demonstrates the power of base metal photoredox catalysis in achieving both substrate activation and chemical bond formation via a single catalytic system.
Potential of role play as an educational tool in biochemistry to facilitate medical education
Authors: Nimesh Archana
Published: January 2025

Commonly used traditional didactic lecture in biochemistry being non‐interactive has several disadvantages which students find boring and difficult to retain. This study reviews the potential of role play to teach biochemistry effectively. Studies published till June 2024 on the topic role play in medical education and biochemistry were searched using ‘Ovid Discovery’ software showing studies available in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases. Studies having matched keywords like ‘role play, roleplay, role‐play, education, medical, biochemistry and genetics’ appearing in title or text article were included while studies that were irrelevant, in non‐English language or duplicated studies were excluded. Literature search revealed 8 studies for reviewing the topic. Studies that have tested effectiveness of role play in biochemistry have shown that it can bridge the gap between theory and practice. Role play is dramatization of a theme simulating real‐life scenarios evoking learner's critical thinking process, activation of cognitive, psychomotor, and affective domains. It creates lasting memory in retaining topics besides motivating student for self‐directed learning. It also develops confidence, communication, and language skills among students. Role play can be a powerful tool to teach biochemistry for integrating knowledge of biochemistry with clinical concepts. The authors recommend that biochemistry lectures and practical sessions should be reinforced through role plays especially for topics having clinical relevance. The author proposes several applications of role play in biochemistry to demonstrate metabolic pathways, experimental skills, metabolic disorders, accidental emergencies in lab, do's and don'ts in labs, pre analytical errors affecting biochemistry lab results.
Noninvasive Biofluorometric Sensing and Imaging Analysis of Blood VOCs for Novel Wearable Sensor
Authors: Mitsubayashi Kohji
Published: January 2025

Blood contains volatile biomarkers related to diseases and metabolism. We developed a biofluorometric gas sensor that measures acetone with high sensitivity and confirmed its significance in lipid metabolism and diabetes when applied to breath measurement. Furthermore, regarding transcutaneous gases that permeate through the skin from blood, a biofluorometric gas‐imaging system for ethanol vapor as the target chemical was developed and analyzed the secretion dynamics of transcutaneous gases at each skin site, thus showing the stable release of blood‐derived volatile markers from the ear canal. Based on the results, we have developed a headphone‐type gas sensor and succeeded in continuous and stable transcutaneous gas measurement, thus indicating the future potential of a novel wearable biosensor for blood VOCs.