bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lymphocyte Antigen 6 Family Member D (LY6D) affects stem cell phenotype and progression of pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Uemura Mamoru , Takahashi Hidekazu , Nishida Naohiro , Mori Masaki , Yokoyama Yuhki , Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Hamabe Atsushi , yamamoto Hirofumi , Miyoshi Norikatsu , Takahashi Hidenori , Doki Yuichiro , Eguchi Hidetoshi , Kobayashi Shogo , Ogino Takayuki , Okimura Shumpei
Published: April 2024

The membrane-bound protein Lymphocyte Antigen 6 Family Member D (LY6D) has been implicated in stemness and is associated with various tumors. LY6D is specifically expressed in cancer cells, with little expression in normal cells, but its physiological function in cancer progression remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated how LY6D was associated with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and involved in stemness. We conducted functional analysis of LY6D to evaluate its contribution to impacting PDAC cells in vitro. Using our in-house developed stem cell separation technique, which can isolate cells with low proteasome activity and high stem cell properties, we successfully enriched cells with extremely high tumorigenic ability. We then used these cells, to perform in vitro functional assays by manipulating the LY6D expression. Immunohistopathological analysis was also conducted to reveal the clinical significance of LY6D in PDAC. In vitro functional assays demonstrated that LY6D was crucially involved in the cancer malignant phenotype including invasive ability, drug resistance, migration abilities, and cancer stemness. Immunohistopathological analysis revealed that high LY6D expression levels were associated with high recurrence rate and poorer prognosis in PDAC. Our present findings demonstrated that LY6D plays a key role in regulation of cancer stem cells. LY6D is not only a prognostic indicator but also could be a promising therapeutic target in PDAC.
Development of mirror-image monobodies targeting the oncogenic BCR::ABL1 kinase
Authors: Hantschel Oliver , Schmidt Nina , Kumar Amit , Korf Lukas , Dinh-Fricke Adrian Valentin , Abendroth Frank , Koide Akiko , Rakwalska-Bange Madalena , Essen Lars , Koide Shohei , Vázquez Olalla
Published: April 2024

Mirror-image proteins, which are composed of d-amino acids, are an attractive therapeutic modality, as they exhibit high metabolic stability and lack immunogenicity. Development of mirror-image binding proteins is achieved through chemical synthesis of the d-target protein, phage display library selection of an l-binder and chemical synthesis of the (mirror-image) d-binder that consequently binds the physiological l-target. Monobodies are among the most well-established synthetic (l-)binding proteins and their small size (~90 residues) and lack of endogenous cysteine residues make them particularly accessible to chemical synthesis. Here we developed monobodies with nanomolar binding affinities against the d-SH2 domain of the leukemic tyrosine kinase BCR::ABL1. Two crystal structures of heterochiral monobody-SH2 complexes revealed targeting of the pY binding pocket by an unconventional binding mode. We then prepared stable and potent d-monobodies by either ligating two chemically synthesized d-peptides or by self-assembly without ligation. Their proper folding and stability were determined and high affinity binding to the l-target was shown. d-monobodies were protease-resistant, showed long-term plasma stability, inhibited BCR::ABL1 kinase activity and bound BCR::ABL1 in cells. Hence, we demonstrate that functional d-monobodies can be developed readily, enabling their use as future d-protein therapeutics to target a broad spectrum of protein-protein interactions.
Haptic experience to significantly motivate anatomy learning in medical students
Authors: Manrique Martha , Mondragón Iván , Flórez Leonardo , Montoya Luisa , García Ananías , Mera Carmen Alicia , Kuhlmann Angelika , Guillén Fabricio , Cortés Michelle , Gómez María Lucía Gutiérrez
Published: April 2024

Background
Currently, multiple tools exist to teach and learn anatomy, but finding an adequate activity is a challenge. However, it can be achieved through haptic experiences, where motivation is the means of a significant learning process. This study aimed to evaluate a haptic experience to determine if a tactile and painting with color marker interactive experience established a better learning process in comparison to the traditional 2D workshop on printed paper with photographs.
Methods
In this descriptive cross-sectional study, plaster bone models were elaborated from a computerized scan tomography. Second year undergraduate medical students were divided into two groups: one using the traditional 2D method and the second with 3D plaster bone models to answer the same workshop. A third group of students decided not to participate in the workshops. Following, all three groups were evaluated on bone accidents and view, laterality, muscle insertions and functions. 2D and 3D workshop students were asked their opinion in a focous group and answered a survey regarding the overall perception and learning experience. Evaluation grades are presented as mean ± standard deviation, and answers from the survey are presented as percentages.
Results
The survey demonstrated the students in the 3D model graded the experience as outstanding, and in five out of the six questions answers were very good or excellent. In contrast, for students participating in the 2D workshop the most common answers were fair or good. The exception was the answer regarding the quiz, where both groups considered it good, despite the average among all groups was not a passing grade.
Conclusions
From this study comparing the conventional methodology to learn the anatomy of the shoulder in contrast with a haptic experience with plaster bone models using touch and painting over the structures, the students described it as an interactive experience where the sense of touch greatly contributed to their learning process. Even though this activity was useful in terms of learning bone accidents and muscle origins and insertions, further activities must be developed to increase their understanding regarding their function and its relevance in a clinical setting.
Influence of IgG+ serum on Zika Virus infection response in a model of neural precursor cells
Authors: Plentz Ismael , Pazzin Douglas , Previato Thales , Wagner Fernanda , Boff Marina , Fernandes Larissa , Gonçalvez João , Marinowic Daniel , Costa Jaderson
Published: April 2024

Background
The high frequency of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection prompted the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare it an emerging threat in 2016. Presently, countries in South America continue to report a significant number of Zika virus cases. Zika virus infection has been associated with neurological diseases. This article explores the impact of ZIKV infection on IgG + Zika-reactive conditions using a neurosphere model.
Methods
Neurospheres derived from Wistar rats were exposed to Zika virus and IgG + Zika-reactive conditions. The study assessed the area, irregularity rate, and relative gene expression of NOTCH-1, HES-1, and HEY-1, as well as the expression of GCSF and IL-10.
Results
The irregularity rate of ZIKV neurospheres decreased at its lowest concentration; however, our morphology analysis was insufficient to fully elucidate the impact of ZIKV on neurospheres. Interestingly, IgG + serum exhibited neuroprotective effects against subsequent Zika virus exposure, restoring NOTCH-1 and HES-1 expression levels to normal. HEY-1 expression remained unaffected by Zika virus exposure but decreased with IgG + serum. Surprisingly, levels of the anti-inflammatory markers GCSF and IL-10 showed no significant changes.
Conclusions
These findings highlight the complex interplay between ZIKV infection, immune response, and neurodevelopmental processes. Further research is necessary to elucidate the precise mechanisms underlying these observations and explore potential therapeutic interventions.
Effects of Height and Number of Bays on the Seismic Behavior Factor of R.C. Moment-Resisting Frame Structures Including Soil-Structure Interaction
Authors: Oumenour Touati Radia , Mouloud OUANANI , Amar Louzai
Published: April 2024

In this study, the impacts of structure height and number of bays on the seismic behavior factor R of reinforced concrete (RC) moment-resistant frames are investigated with the consideration of soil-structure interaction (SSI) effects. For this purpose, 2-, 5-, 8- and 11-storey RC moment-resisting frame structures with the variation of the number of bays for each structure height are selected and designed according to the Algerian seismic code RPA 99/Version 2003. Three different soil deposit classes suggested by ATC 40and FEMA 356 are taken as reference to choose the mechanical properties of the soil. Fixed-base models and soil-structure interaction models using the substructure approach are analyzed by performing non-linear static pushover analyses in order to compute the R factor components, such as ductility and overstrength factors, with the consideration of failure criteria at both member and structural levels. Furthermore, to highlight the effect that could have the mechanical response of the soil on the R factor, two different soil responses are adopted, namely, elastic linear and elastoplastic nonlinear consecutive models. The results show that, for fixed-based models, the value of the seismic behavior factor decreases as the structure height increases, whereas for the number of bays parameter, the R factor seems to not be influenced at all. For the flexible base models, the tendency observed is the same as in fixed-base models, but with substantially lower values of R, particularly in soft soil with an elastoplastic nonlinear consecutive model. This implies that SSI has detrimental effects for RC frame structures under seismic action. These observations are extremely significant for most seismic design codes, which at present do not prescribe any link between the seismic behavior factor intended to represent structural ductility and the SSI.
Brain functional networks and executive functions in children with attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Yang Hua , Yang Yue , Wang Anqi , Yang Jie , Yang Xiaowen , Zhou Jielan , Yu Tao , Liu Hao , Luo Rong
Published: April 2024

Brain region dysfunctions associated with executive function abnormalities may contribute to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) pathogenesis. We explored neural mechanisms through electroencephalography (EEG) studies of executive function and functional brain networks in children with ADHD. Executive function data were collected and resting-state EEG was measured in 84 children with ADHD and 84 healthy children. Functional connectivity was assessed across all scalp channels in five frequency bands. Brain networks were constructed, and relevant metrics were calculated using graph theory. Children with ADHD show varied executive function deficits. Connectivity in the frontal and parietal regions was reduced in both the eyes-open and eyes-closed states, particularly in the beta and gamma bands. Brain networks differed significantly in the beta band. Reduced characteristic path length (CPL) was seen in the eyes-closed state; global efficiency increased and CPL, clustering coefficient, and local efficiency decreased in the eyes-open state. Functional networks in children with ADHD correlate with executive function. Altered EEG connectivity and brain network topology may be underlying neural mechanisms of ADHD. Thus, EEG network dysfunction could be a potential biomarker or treatment target for future research. This study provides new insights into the underlying mechanisms of ADHD through EEG-based functional network analysis.
The Casual Relationship between Asthma-related Pneumonia and Heart Failure -- a Bidirectional Two-sample Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Wu Shirong , Liu Qingyan , Zheng Danwen , Liu Yuntao , Ding Banghan , Xi Xiaotu , Deng Qiuying , Liu Qing , Zhang Zhongde , Yang Rongyuan
Published: April 2024

Background: Observational studies have suggested a higher risk of heart failure in individuals with asthma-related pneumonia. However, there is currently no conclusive evidence establishing a causal relationship between the two or a clear mechanism explaining this association.
Methods: We performed a thorough bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to explore the causal connection between Asthma-related pneumonia and Heart failure. Our study employed five MR methods, including inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, weighted median, weighted mode, and simple mode. To ensure the reliability of our findings, we conducted sensitivity analyses using different models and testing methods to evaluate the potential effects of heterogeneity and pleiotropy on the outcomes. Our results were consistently robust through these rigorous evaluations.
Results: According to the results of IVW analysis, there is a causal relationship between Asthma-related pneumonia and Heart failure risk (OR=1.113, 95%CI: 1.027~1.206, P=0.009). On the other hand, osteoporosis was not found to have a causal effect on PBC risk based on IVW analysis (OR=1.018, 95%CI: 0.780~1.328, P=0.893). The IVs used in all MR analyses showed no heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy. Moreover, the leave-one-out analysis revealed that no single SNP disproportionately influenced the results, further confirming the credibility of the bidirectional MR findings.
Conclusion: Through this study, it has been established that there is a causal relationship between pneumonia related to Asthma and the risk of heart failure. However, no definitive causal link has been found from heart failure to Asthma-related pneumonia. These insightful findings provide guidance for effectively managing the health of Asthma-related pneumonia with heart failure.
‘A lightbulb moment’: carers’ experiences of behavioural symptoms in motor neurone disease before and after MiNDToolkit
Authors: Mioshi Eneida , Heal Sue , Katangwe-Chigamba Thando
Published: April 2024

Background: to explore carers’ experiences of behavioural symptoms in Motor Neurone Disease (MND), before and after using the MiNDToolkit, a novel online psychoeducational intervention to support management of behavioural symptoms (BehSymp) in MND. The study also investigated carers’ views and acceptability of MiNDToolkit.
Methods: A qualitative process evaluation of carers engagement with, and acceptability of, the MiNDToolkit conducted using semi-structured interviews with carers (n=11). All interviews were audio-recorded, professionally transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically.
Results: five themes were identified: 1) In the dark – carers’ experiences and reactions to BehSymp; 2) Others can see: the role of HCPs in identifying symptoms – and perceived opportunities for carers to receive support; 3) Shedding light: carers implementation and perceived impact of the MiNDToolkit content; 4) Acceptability and carers’ engagement with MiNDToolkit; 5) future implementation. Carers’ experience of BehSymp was particularly distressing when symptoms were apparently out of context. MiNDToolkit appeared to support learning that BehSymp were part of MND. Content resonated with carers, who reported learning about the full picture of MND, which led to acceptance and use of newly learned strategies. Engagement with the platform was good, with varied input from HCPs. Greater and nuanced involvement from HCPs seem important to support management of BehSymp. Recommendations for a full-scale trial emerged, including adding a paper booklet to accompany the intervention and creation of new modules on emotional lability, changes in relationships, and transitioning to a care home.
Conclusions: MiNDToolkit was acceptable to carers overall. Recommended improvements should be actioned in a full-scale trial.
Postoperative Outcomes of Fontan Operation in a Multicenter Italian Study. How Far Have We Gone?
Authors: Cao Irene , Bergonzoni Emma , Vedovelli Luca , Guerra Giulia , Galletti Lorenzo , Butera Gianfranco , Trezzi Matteo , Panebianco Mario , Gargiulo Gaetano D. , Angeli Emanuela , Careddu Lucio , Zanoni Rossana , Napoleone Carlo Pace , Orsola Luca , Guariento Alvise , Scattolin Fabio , Giamberti Alessandro , Rito Mauro Lo , Marianeschi Stefano M. , Agati Salvatore , Bellanti Ermanno , Vairo Ugo , Meliota Giovanni , Scalzo Gabriele , Scrascia Giuseppe , Nuri Halkawt , Michielon Guido , Biffanti Roberta , Gozzi Anna , Salvo Giovanni , Vida Vladimiro L. , Padalino Massimo A.
Published: April 2024

Background: Despite the clinical results of the Fontan operation have certainly improved, it still presents with an inherent surgical risk of death and early morbidities.
Methods: This is a retrospective clinical study of children undergoing Fontan operation in 9 congenital cardiac centers in Italy between 1990 and 2023. Clinical and surgical data were collected via a dedicated RedCap database.
Results: In the last 3 decades, there were 897 patients undergoing Fontan operation, M/F 512/384, median age: 4.5 years (IQR 3.3 -6.4), median weight 16 kg (IQR 14-22). A first palliation was deemed necessary in 710 patients (80%), and most patients underwent a staged Fontan (93%); an extracardiac conduit was used in 790 patients (88%). Postoperative complications (mild to severe) occurred in 410 patients (46%), and early reinterventions were required in 66 patients (7.5%). Overall operative mortality was 1.7% (15 patients). Age at Fontan greater than 4 years was associated with an early need for transcatheter reintervention (adj p-value=0.037) and a higher incidence of postoperative complications (adj p-value=0.017).
Conclusion: The Fontan operation has seen significant improvements in immediate outcomes, notably a remarkable reduction in overall mortality to just 1.35% in the last decade. While minor complications have remained steady, there has been a substantial decrease in major early complications, deaths, and the need for reinterventions. Notably, patients aged over 4 years seem to face a higher risk of postoperative morbidity, underscoring the critical role of age in preoperative assessment and management strategies for Fontan patients.
Sedentary Behaviour among Elderly Patients after Total Knee Arthroplasty and its Influencing Factors
Authors: Ni Xuan , Hu Qing , Shi Juan , Li Ai , Zeng Xing , Gu Yajing
Published: April 2024

Objective: To understand the status of sedentary behaviour in elderly patients after total knee arthroplasty and analyse its influencing factors so as to provide a reference for developing targeted interventions.
Methods: Conveniently selected elderly patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (>6 months) in a tertiary hospital in Jiangsu Province were investigated using a general information questionnaire, the Charlson Comorbidity Index, patients’ self-reported sedentary behaviour information, the WOMAC Score, The Groningen Orthopaedic Social Support Scale, and Lee’s Fatigue.
Results: The median daily sedentary time was 5.5 hours (4.5 h, 6.625 h) in 166 elderly patients after total knee replacement, of whom 82 (49.40%) showed sedentary behaviour (≥6 h per day). Logistic regression analysis showed that being retired/unemployed (OR = 8.550, 95% CI:1.732–42.207, P = 0.0084), having a CCI score ≥3 (OR = 9.018, 95% CI:1.288–63.119, P < 0.0001), having high WOMAC scores (OR = 1.783, 95% CI. 1.419–2.238, P < 0.0001), having a high social support score (OR = 1.155, 95% CI:1.031–1.294, P = 0.0130), and having a fatigue score ≥5 (OR = 4.848, 95% CI:1.084–21.682, P = 0.0389) made patients more likely to be sedentary.
Conclusion: The sedentary time of elderly patients after total knee arthroplasty is long, and sedentary behaviour is common among them. Healthcare professionals should develop targeted sedentary behaviour interventions based on the influencing factors of sedentary behaviour in order to reduce the occurrence of sedentary behaviour in elderly patients after total knee arthroplasty.
Stage dependence of Elton’s biotic resistance hypothesis of biological invasion
Authors: Guo Wen-Yong , Guo Kun , Pyšek Petr , Chytry Milan , Divíšek Jan , Sychrová Martina , Lososová Zdeňka , Kleunen Mark van , Pierce Simon
Published: April 2024

Elton’s biotic resistance hypothesis posits that species-rich communities are more resistant to invasion. Yet, there is evidence that species richness alone may not fully explain community resistance, as phylogenetic and functional richness, along with environmental factors and human-induced disturbances, also play pivotal roles. Additionally, it remains unknown how these factors collectively affect plant invasion as alien species progress along the introduction-naturalization-invasion continuum. For 12,056 local plant communities of Central Europe, we investigate how these factors affect the presence and richness of alien species at different stages along the invasion continuum. Our study reveals varying effects of these factors on the presence and richness of alien species at different invasion stages, highlighting the complexity of the invasion process. Specifically, we demonstrate although species richness and functional richness of resident communities had mostly negative effects on alien species presence and richness, the strength and sometimes also direction of these effects varied along the continuum. By uncovering the stage-dependent effects of these factors, our study not only offers a more nuanced understanding of Elton’s biotic resistance hypothesis but also suggests that other invasion hypotheses should be carefully revisited given their potential stage-dependent nature.
Detectability of Cytokine and Chemokine using ELISA, following Sample-inactivation using Triton X-100 or Heat
Authors: Labossiere Erica Hofer , Gonzalez-Diaz Sandra , Enns Stephanie , Lopez Paul , Yang Xuefen , Kidane Biniam , Vazquez-Grande Gloria , Siddik Abu Bakar , Kung Sam Kam-Pun , Sandstrom Paul , Ravandi Amir , Ball T. Blake , Su Ruey-Chyi
Published: April 2024

Background
Routine characterization of clinical samples for their immunological responses against infectious pathogens often involves assessing cytokine/chemokine profiles and/or production of pathogen-specific antibodies. To prevent transmission of infectious materials in laboratories, these clinical samples are often inactivated by detergents or heat before the molecular assays are performed. Antibody-based molecular assays, such as ELISA, are highly sensitive to conformational changes in analytes. How specific inactivation procedures impact on cytokine/chemokine detectability in the clinical samples is not fully elucidated. This study compared two commonly used inactivation methods (Triton X-100, heat-inactivation) and untreated native samples in the cytokine/chemokine assays.
Method
Plasma, endotracheal tube aspirate (ETTA), and nasopharyngeal (NP) samples underwent inactivation with 0.05% Triton X-100 or heat (60°C, 1 hour). Cytokines/chemokine levels were assessed using Meso-Scale-Multi-Spot assays. Data were analyzed against untreated samples using one-way and Tukey’s multiple comparisons tests. Additionally, the conformational instability of cytokines/chemokines, predicted by their amino acid sequence, was examined to determine its contribution to detectability in inactivated samples.
Results
Heat treatment significantly impacted cytokine/chemokine detection across sample types. IL-1α levels were substantially reduced in ETTA, NP, and plasma samples. In heat-inactivated plasma, IL-12p40, IL-15, IL-16, VEGF, IL-7, and TNF-β, among 36 cytokines, were reduced by 33-99% (p-values ≤0.02). Conversely, Triton X-100 minimally affected cytokine/chemokine detection in plasma and NP samples by 11-37% (p-values ≤0.04). Triton X-100 increased the detection of IL-15, IL-16, IL-1α, VEGF, and IL-7 levels in NP samples. Triton X-100-inactivated ETTA samples showed no significant impact on cytokine/chemokine detectability. Heat inactivation had more profound impacts on protein detectability. Structural analysis revealed heat-affected cytokines had more hydrophobic residues and higher instability indices, although protein features alone could not reliably predict susceptibility.
Conclusion
Our findings demonstrated the importance of empirical assessments of inactivation protocols in the measurements of cytokine/chemokine responses in clinical samples. Overall, Triton X-100 performed better than heat inactivation in preserving protein conformation for antibodies-based immunological studies.
Photodegradation, DFT and electrochemical studies of carbon nanohorns modified BiSbO 4 /BiSbS 3 heterostructure for an endocrine disrupting agent pentachlorophenol
Authors: Batool Maria , Zafar Muhammad Nadeem
Published: April 2024

Development of a photocatalyst with good efficiency and recyclability is demanding heavily to degrade endocrine disrupting chemicals from wastewater. In this study, degradation of an endocrine disrupting agent (pentachlorophenol) is performed by using photocatalysts BiSbO4, BiSbS3 and carbon nanohorns (CNH) modified BiSbO4/BiSbS3 heterostructure nanocomposite (BiSbO4/BiSbS3/CNHs) under visible light. To get structural, morphological, textural insights, the photocatalysts are characterized by XRD, SEM-EDX, TEM, UV, PL, FTIR and BET techniques. Band gap plays a dynamic role in photocatalysts and band gap of photocatalysts is determined to be 3.20, 2.82 and 2.69 eV for BiSbS3, BiSbO4 and BiSbO4/BiSbS3/CNHs respectively. All the photocatalysts show high degradation at pH value of 6. The rate constant (Kapp) and R2 calculated form of pseudo first order reveals that the heterostructure BiSbO4/BiSbS3/CNHs is more efficient in degradation of pentachlorophenol as compared to BiSbO4 and BiSbS3. Among the three photocatalysts, BiSbS3 is observed to be comparatively less efficient because oxides are considered more pivotal in photocatalysis as compared to sulphides. The effect of scavengers shows that all charge carriers are effective, however oxide radicals play a key role during the process of photocatalysis. Photodegradation of pentachlorophenol in the presence of other phenolic pollutants indicates that BiSbO4/BiSbS3/CNHs can be utilized for degradation of other phenolic compounds. Further DFT studies are performed to know degradation behavior of pollutant as well as electrochemical measurements are also executed to illuminate the electrochemical behavior of all photocatalysts for supercapacitor applications.
Design and analysis of Approximate 4:2 Compressors for high performance multiplier
Authors: Bhandari Rishika
Published: April 2024

The quest for high-speed computing with optimal power usage has spurred the rise of approximate computing, a methodology that sacrifices precision for improved power efficiency. This paper delves into the realm of approximate computing by exploring the power consumption aspects of both existing and novel architectures of approximate 4:2 compressors. Employing Intel Quartus Prime, the study seeks to elevate the performance metrics of multipliers. By scrutinizing the power consumption characteristics, the research aims to shed light on the efficacy of approximate computing in real-world scenarios. Through meticulous analysis, it intends to uncover the trade-offs between accuracy and energy consumption, elucidating the potential benefits and drawbacks of adopting approximate computing methodologies in practical applications. The investigation into 4:2 compressors serve as a microcosm for broader discussions surrounding approximate computing's role in contemporary computing paradigms. It endeavors to provide insights into how approximate computing techniques can be harnessed to bolster the efficiency and performance of computational systems, particularly in scenarios where stringent power constraints coexist with the demand for high computational throughput.
Physico-mechanical properties of aesthetic resin composites
Authors: Chen Fei , Wang Dongmei , Luo Hao , Yu Peng
Published: April 2024

Objectives To evaluate the physico-mechanical properties, including water sorption (WS) and solubility (SL), flexural strength (σf) and modulus of elasticity (Emod), as well as Vickers hardness (VHN) value of most currently available aesthetic resin composites by comparing them with conventional resin composite.
Materials and methods Universal-shde resin composite OMNICHROMA (OMNI; Tokuyama), Beautifil Unishade (BU; Shofu), Essentia (EN; GC), and A3 shade of aesthetic resin composites Harmonize (HM; Kerr), conventional resin composite Tetric N Cream (TNC; Ivoclar Vivadent) were evaluated in this study. Volume and weight were recorded every 24 h of water immersion of resin composites (n = 5) for the calculation of WS and SL. Bar shaped specimens were sectioned from each material (n = 5), Emod and σf were evaluated using a three-point bending test. Bottom and top of the specimens (n = 3) of VHN were obtained for three spots using Vickers micro-hardness tester. Afterwards, bottom-top hardness ratio was calculated. One-way ANOVA, Tukey’s test, Kruskal-Wallis, Pearson’s correlation test, and Paired-samples t-test were computed (p < 0.05).
Results HM showed significant the highest WS and SL (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in σf regarding the materials (p > 0.05). BU showed significant the highest Emod (p < 0.05). HM recorded the highest VHN value (p < 0.05), and significantly the lowest bottom-top hardness ratio (p < 0.05).
Conclusions The aesthetic resin composites showed comparable physico-mechanical properties compared to conventional resin composite TNC.
Clinical relevance The physico-mechanical properties of resin composite material influence the long-term clinical performance of the restoration.
Colorectal Cancer and Common Psychiatric Disorders: A Two-sample Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Yao Yuan , Yang Mingze , Li Chen , Lu Sicheng , Zhang Guannan , Bu Qianqian , Zhao Shuoqi , Ma Shenghui , Cheng Haibo
Published: April 2024

Objective: This study aimed to elucidate the causal relationships between colorectal cancer (CRC) and prevalent psychiatric disorders using a two-sample Mendelian randomization approach and to provide evidence supporting the gut-brain axis (GBA) hypothesis.
Methods: Utilizing publicly available GWAS datasets, we explored the connections between CRC and various psychiatric disorders, including depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. We applied three statistical analyses: inverse variance weighting, MR-Egger, and median weighting. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to ensure the reliability and validity of our results.
Results: The inverse variance weighting analysis revealed no significant associations between CRC incidence and depression (OR=0.995, 95% CI: 0.995-1.000, P=0.090), anxiety (OR=1.001, 95% CI: 1.000-1.001, P=0.099), or schizophrenia (OR=1.003, 95% CI: 0.960-1.047, P=0.899). Conversely, a significant inverse relationship was found with bipolar disorder (OR=0.937, 95% CI: 0.8919~0.9849, P=0.010).
Conclusion: Our study did not find causal connections between CRC and the psychiatric conditions of depression, anxiety, or schizophrenia. However, the inverse causal relationship between CRC and bipolar disorder highlights the role of the GBA, offering novel insights into the relationship between gastrointestinal cancer and mental health.
Investigation of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus in controlling mosquito larvae under field conditions in Zhejiang province, China
Authors: JIANG Guoqin , XU Yan , Gong Zhenyu , LI Tianqi , WU Yuyan , HE Xuejun
Published: April 2024

Mosquito-borne infectious diseases (MBDs) have become a major public health threat in China, and mosquito control has been regarded as the most effective measures to prevent and control MBDs. According to our previous researches, loaches (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) was effective on swallowing Aedes albopictus larvae in laboratory experiments. Its effect on controlling mosquitoes in residential environment remains unknown. The aim of this study was to identify the effect of locahes on controlling mosquito larvae under field conditions then to explore its potential for control mosquitoes and mosquito-borne diseases. 16 households were randomly chosen in Nanhui village Shaoxing city, Zhejiang province, China, in June 2021. Containers with the capacity above four liters in each household were randomly devided into test group and control group. Juvenile loaches were put into containers in test group with one loach per four liters water in each container. Observations were conducted every two weeks to inspect the amount of mosquito larvae in each container, when dead loaches would be replaced into alive ones. A total of 104 ponding containers were selected with 68 containers as test groups and 36 containers as control group. Eight observations from June to October were recorded. The standard decrease rate of mosquito larvae was 72.06% in test group, and significant difference in the number of larval mosquitoes was observed between control group and test group (GLMM, F = 9.525, P < 0.05). With excellent effect on controlling mosquitoes larvae, environment friendly, low cost and high acceptance among residents, loaches could be a potential method for biological control of mosquito larvae in residential environment.
Trends and disparities in Road Traffic Accidents-Related Mortality in the United States from 1999 to 2020
Authors: Cheema Muhammad Rafay Shahzad
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are a significant public health concern globally, with notable impacts on mortality rates, healthcare utilization, and economic burdens. Despite advancements in safety technologies and preventive measures, understanding the evolving epidemiology and disparities of RTA-related deaths remains crucial. This study aims to provide updated insights into mortality trends and disparities related to RTAs in the United States.
Methods: Mortality data from 1999 to 2020 were extracted from the CDC WONDER database. Multiple Cause-of-Death Public Use records were analyzed to identify RTA-related fatalities. Data were stratified by demographics, geographic location, and temporal trends. Statistical analyses included computing crude mortality rates, Age-Standardized Mortality Rates (ASMRs), and Joinpoint Regression analysis to assess temporal trends.
Results: Between 1999 and 2020, there were 957,434 RTA-related fatalities in the United States. ASMRs declined from 1999 to 2010 but exhibited a reversal thereafter. Males consistently experienced higher ASMRs than females. Racial disparities were evident, with NH American Indian or Alaska Native populations showing the highest ASMRs. Geographical variations were observed, with southern states and nonmetropolitan areas reporting higher ASMRs. Stratification by age-groups revealed elevated mortality rates among older adults aged 65+ years and young adults aged 15-34 years.
Conclusions: Following a period of decline, RTA-related mortality in the US has risen since 2010, particularly among NH American Indian or Alaska Native populations, males, and residents of southern states and nonmetropolitan areas. Targeted interventions are crucial to address this resurgence and ensure safer transportation for all.
28 nm FD-SOI embedded phase change memory exhibiting near-zero drift at 12 K for cryogenic spiking neural networks (SNNs)
Authors: Palhares Joao Henrique Quintino , Garg Nikhil , Mouny Pierre-Antoine , Beilliard Yann , Sandrini Jury , Arnaud Franck , Anghel Lorena , Alibart Fabien , Drouin Dominique , Galy Philippe
Published: April 2024

Seeking to circumvent the bottleneck of conventional computing systems, alternative methods of hardware implementation, whether based on brain-inspired architectures or cryogenic quantum computing systems, invariably suggest the integration of emerging non-volatile memories. However, the lack of maturity, reliability, and cryogenic-compatible memories poses a barrier to the development of such scalable alternative computing solutions. To bridge this gap and outperform traditional CMOS charge-based memories in terms of density and storage, 28 nm Fully Depleted Silicon on Insulator (FD-SOI) substrate-embedded GexSbyTez phase change memories (ePCMs) are characterized down to 12 K. The multi-level resistance programming and its drift over time are investigated. The ePCM can be programmed to achieve and encode 10 different resistance states, at 300 K, 77 K, and 12 K. Interestingly, the drift coefficient is considerably reduced at cryogenic temperatures. Cycle-to-cycle programming variability and resistance drift modelling are carefully used to forecast and evaluate the effect of resistance evolution over time on a fully connected feedforward spiking neural network (SNN) at different temperatures. System-level simulation of a Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology database (MNIST) classification task is performed. The SNN classification accuracy is sustained for up to two years at 77 K and 12 K while a 7–8% drop in accuracy is observed at 300 K. Such results open new horizons for the analogue/multilevel implementation of ePCMs for space and cryogenic applications.
Kidney injury in a murine hemorrhagic shock/resuscitation model is alleviated by sulforaphane’s anti-inflammatory and antioxidant action
Authors: Li You , Qin Kang , Liang Weiqiang , Yan Weining , Fragoulis Athanassios , Pufe Thomas , Buhl Eva Miriam , Zhao Qun , Greven Johannes
Published: April 2024

Hemorrhagic shock/resuscitation (HS/R) can lead to acute kidney injury, mainly manifested as oxidative stress and inflammatory injury in the renal tubular epithelial cells, as well as abnormal autophagy and apoptosis. Sulforaphane (SFN), an agonist of the nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway, is involved in multiple biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, autophagy, and apoptosis regulation. This study investigated the effect of SFN on acute kidney injury after HS/R in mice. Hemorrhagic shock was induced in mice by controlling the arterial blood pressure at a range of 35-45 mmHg for 90 min within arterial blood withdrawal. Fluid resuscitation was carried out by reintroducing withdrawn blood and 0.9% NaCl. We found that SFN suppressed the elevation of urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels in the blood induced by HS/R. SFN mitigated pathological alterations including swollen renal tubules and renal casts in kidney tissue of HS/R mice. Inflammation levels and oxidative stress were significantly downregulated in mouse kidney tissue after SFN administration. In addition, the kidney tissue of HS/R mice showed high levels of autophagosomes as observed by electron microscopy. However, SFN can further enhance the formation of autophagosomes in the HS/R+SFN group. SFN also increased autophagy-related proteins Beclin1 expression and suppressed P62 expression, while increasing the ratio of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-II and LC3-I (LC3-II/LC3-I). SFN also effectively decreased cleaved caspase-3 level and enhanced the ratio of anti-apoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma 2 and Bcl2-associated X protein (Bcl2/Bax). Collectively, SFN effectively inhibited inflammation and oxidative stress, enhanced autophagy, thereby reducing HS/R-induced kidney injury and apoptosis levels in mouse kidneys.
DINOray: A Tightly Integrated De-occlusion Model for the Detection of Prohibited Items
Authors: Sun Boyan , Wang Zhijian , Sun Yi Xiao , Zhou Xiang , Zhang Wenyu , Zhang Haigang
Published: April 2024

In today’s society, the increasing occurrence of terrorist actsand other criminal behaviors highlights the crucial necessity of securityscreening to safeguard areas from potential threats. However, most of theexisting mainstream target detection methods are designed for process-ing natural images, and do not take into account the special differencethat X-ray security images have perspective. The prohibited items withinthese security images exhibit size and shape variations under variousimaging angles, often rendering them uninformative to the models. Inaddition, the security images frequently display varying degrees of over-lapping and occlusion between targets and backgrounds, which makes theaccurate detection of prohibited items more difficult. To address thesechallenges in security screening tasks, this paper proposes a novel modelbased on DINO, which is referred to as DINOray. It integrates a Cross-Scale Tight Integration module and an Occlusion Removal module. Bymitigating noise and occlusion, DINOray extracts more salient informa-tion about prohibited items and tightly integrates it with the output ofthe encoder, which includes global features, in order to supplement lo-cal features. These enhanced features are then passed to the decoder toenhance the detection accuracy of the model. The experimental resultsshow that DINOray outperforms DINO by achieving 3.5% and 1.1% en-hancements in the detection accuracy of prohibited items on the PIDray and CLCXray open-source security screening datasets, respectively. Thisdemonstrates its superior performance in the security screening field.
Mechanochemical Backbone Editing for Controlled Degradation of Vinyl Polymers
Authors: Tang Shan , Li Zhuang , Zhang Xiaohui , Zhao Yajun
Published: April 2024

The chemically inert nature of fully saturated hydrocarbon backbones endows vinyl polymers with desirable durability, but it also leads to their significant environmental persistence. Enhancing the sustainability of these materials requires a pivotal yet challenging shift: transforming the inert backbone into one that is degradable. Here, we present a versatile platform for mechanochemically editing the fully saturated backbone of polyacrylates towards a degradable polymer chain by integrating cyclobutene-fused succinimide (CBS) units along the polymer backbone through photo-iniferter reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) copolymerization. Significantly, the evenly insertion of CBS units does not compromise thermal or chemical stability but rather offers a means to adjust the properties of polymethylacrylate (PMA). Meanwhile, reactive acyclic imide units can be selectively introduced to the backbone through mechanochemical activation (ultrasonication or ball-milling grinding) when required. Subsequent hydrolysis of the acyclic imide groups enables efficient degradation, yielding telechelic oligomers. This approach holds promise for inspiring the design and modification of more environmentally friendly vinyl polymers through backbone editing.
Multi-country evidence on societal factors to include in energy transition modeling
Authors: Fisch-Romito Vivien , Jaxa-Rozen Marc , Wen Xin , Trutnevyte Evelina
Published: April 2024

Integrated assessment and energy system models are challenged to account for societal transformation dynamics to produce feasible low-carbon pathways. Yet, empirical evidence is lacking on which factors should be incorporated, how and to what extent this would improve the quality and relevance of modeled pathways. Here, we include six societal factors related to (i) infrastructure dynamics, (ii) actors and decision making and (iii) societal and institutional context into an open-source simulation model of the national power system transition. We apply this model for 31 European countries and, using hindcasting (1990–2019), quantify which societal factors improved the modeled pathways. We find that, if well-chosen and in most cases, incorporating societal factors can improve the hindcasting performance by up to 24% in terms of modelled installed capacity of individual technologies, but there are also situations where hindcasting performance can become worse. The combinations of most relevant societal factors differ among countries and model outputs, but infrastructure lock-in, public acceptance and investment risks contribute more strongly and frequently to model performance improvement. Our study hence paves the road to evidence-based choice of societal factors to be included in energy transition modeling in a systematic and transparent way.
Nonrestorative Sleep Mediates the Influence of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Psychological Distress, Physical Health, Mental Health, and Activity Limitation: A Longitudinal Study for the General Population in Japan
Authors: Megumi  , Kentaro  , Takahiro  , Ryo  , Takuya  , Shingo  , Aoi  , Kentaro  , Tomohiro  , Muneto  , Jun  , Momo  , Daisuke  , Kenichi
Published: April 2024

Background: This study explores the associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), health problems, and increased daytime inactivity, emphasizing nonrestorative sleep (NRS), a subjective perception of unrefreshing sleep, as a significant contributing factor.
Methods: A longitudinal online survey utilizing data from the Japan COVID-19 and Society Internet Survey was employed. The Kessler distress scale (K6) served as the primary outcome measure, with a score of K6 ≥ 13 indicating psychological distress. Health-Related Quality of Life-4 was utilized to assess mentally unhealthy days, physically unhealthy days, and days with activity limitation, indicating mental health problems, physical health problems, and daytime inactivity if exceeding 14 days monthly, respectively. NRS frequency within the past 30 days was evaluated on a 5-point scale, with "usually" (16 days or more) indicating NRS presence. ACEs were identified when four or more items from a validated ACEs list were selected. A causal mediation analysis was performed.
Results: Among the 17,042 participants, 52.8% were male, averaging 50.35 years of age (SD = 17.73). Approximately 11.1% reported four or more ACEs. Notably, 16.7% met NRS criteria, while 9.6% met psychological distress criteria. The proportions of individuals with physical health problems, mental health problems, and activity limitations were 6.4%, 6.2%, and 4.2%, respectively. Significant mediational pathways via NRS were observed from ACEs to psychological distress (RR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.08–1.19, p < 0.001), physical health problems (RR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.21–1.40, p < 0.001), mental health problems (RR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.13–1.28, p < 0.001), and daytime inactivity (RR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.17–1.37, p < 0.001).
Conclusion: This study suggests that NRS mediates the impact of ACEs on mental or physical health issues and daytime inactivity. Further research is needed to determine whether targeting NRS can alleviate ACE-associated health problems.
Generalization of Some Integral Inequalities in Multiplicative Calculus With Their Computational Analysis
Authors: Mateen Abdul , Zhang Zhiyue , Ali Muhammad Aamir , Feckan Michal
Published: April 2024

This paper focuses on the generalization of some multiplicative integral inequalities for twice differentiable functions. First, we derive multiplicative integral identity for multiplicatvely twice differentiable functions. Then, with the help of integral identity, we prove a family of integral inequalities such that Simpson’s, Hermite-Hadamard, Midpoint, Trapezoid and Bullen’s types inequalities for multiplicatively convex functions. Moreover, we provide some numerical examples and computational analysis of these newly established inequalities to show the validity of the results for multiplicatively convex functions. The generalized forms derive in this research offer valuable tools for researchers in various fields.
2010 Mathematics Subject Classification. 34A08, 26A51, 26D15.
The Most Outstanding—Recognizing Achievements through ASHS Publication Awards: A Brief History of Publications and an Introduction to Publication Awards
Authors: Rom Curt R.
Published: April 2024

The American Society for Horticultural Science (ASHS) has since its inception published annual serial monographs or journals to achieve its mission of communicating horticultural science. To recognize the accomplishments of the membership, a series of professional awards was created. After the individual awards, the ASHS created publication awards. This paper, and the papers that follow, document the publication awards of the ASHS. The papers were based on presentations at the 2023 annual conference and serve as additional recognition of the contributions of member authors and as a historical record of achievements of the ASHS.