bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Os bailes axixaenses como lugares educativos para mulheres (década de 1960)
Authors: Segadilha Delcineide Maria Ferreira , Mélo Darlan
Published: September 2021

Neste artigo, objetivou-se compreender em que medida bailes classificados como de Primeira e de Segunda funcionavam como lugares educativos para mulheres na sociedade de Axixá/MA, da década de 1960. Ancorou-se na dimensão da História Cultural; metodologia da história oral. Realizou-se pesquisas bibliográfica e de campo. Usou-se entrevista[1] semiestruturada com 05 (cinco) pessoas idosas locais. Sustentou-se teoricamente em: Chartier (2002a; 2002b; 2010) e Bourdieu (2012; 2007). Identificou-se, na sociedade axixaense da década de 1960, a existência de bailes classificados em de “Primeira” e de “Segunda”, sendo para as mulheres rigidamente definido os que poderiam frequentar. Concluiu-se que os “Bailes de Primeira” e de “Segunda” funcionavam como lugares educativos para mulheres, na medida em que, por meio de sua dinâmica e práticas educavam as mulheres sobre quais os seus lugares na sociedade local.
 
[1] As entrevistas foram realizadas mediante assinatura de Termo Livre e Esclarecido.
Neste artigo, objetivou-se compreender em que medida bailes classificados como de Primeira e de Segunda funcionavam como lugares educativos para mulheres na sociedade de Axixá/MA, da década de 1960. Ancorou-se na dimensão da História Cultural; metodologia da história oral. Realizou-se pesquisas bibliográfica e de campo. Usou-se entrevista[1] semiestruturada com 05 (cinco) pessoas idosas locais. Sustentou-se teoricamente em: Chartier (2002a; 2002b; 2010) e Bourdieu (2012; 2007). Identificou-se, na sociedade axixaense da década de 1960, a existência de bailes classificados em de “Primeira” e de “Segunda”, sendo para as mulheres rigidamente definido os que poderiam frequentar. Concluiu-se que os “Bailes de Primeira” e de “Segunda” funcionavam como lugares educativos para mulheres, na medida em que, por meio de sua dinâmica e práticas educavam as mulheres sobre quais os seus lugares na sociedade local.
 
[1] As entrevistas foram realizadas mediante assinatura de Termo Livre e Esclarecido.
Asymptomatic bacteriuria and pyelonephritis during pregnancy
Authors: Naboka Y. L. , Rymashevsky A. N. , Kogan O. M. , Gudima I. A. , Vorobyeva N. V. , Alkina A. K.
Published: September 2021

The most common extragenital pathology during pregnancy is urinary tract infection (UTI) of various localization. In some cases, untreated UTI can contribute to the development of obstetric, urological, and perinatal pathologies. Factors predisposing to the UTI manifestation may include increased progesterone, delayed peristalsis, urine retention in the ureters, uterine growth, bladder displacement, and increased residual urine volume. Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) during pregnancy can increase the risk of pyelonephritis and subsequent maternal and fetal complications. Pregnant women should be screened for ASB at least once at the beginning of pregnancy (aft er 14 weeks). E.coli is the dominant uropathogen in 70 – 95% of UTI cases in pregnant women. The main treatment for ABT and pyelonephritis in pregnancy (PiP) is antibiotic therapy (ABT), which is prescribed empirically in most cases. There is currently no consensus on the choice of ABT and the duration of treatment for UTI in pregnant women. In the case of ineff ective drug therapy of PiP, it is necessary to raise the issue of the upper urinary tract drainage promptly.
The use of atypical antipsychotics in the therapy of depressive episodes in patients with bipolar disorder
Authors: Strel’tsov E. A.
Published: September 2021

This literature review addresses the effi cacy and safety of atypical antipsychotics in patients with bipolar depression. Th e results of randomized studies and systematic meta-analyses of recent years were revised in detail. The effi cacy of the drug intake was reviewed for the following key research points: Clinical General Impression of Condition Severity Scale (CGI-S) and Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). A systematic literature search was carried out using Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, elibrary, and other databases.
Cardiovascular pathology in diff erent forms of primary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Baranova I. A. , Zykova T. A. , Baranov A. V.
Published: September 2021

Objective: To study the frequency and features of the clinical course of cardiovascular pathology in patients with diff erent clinical forms of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT).

Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of case histories of 48 patients who received inpatient treatment for PHPT in the endocrinological or surgical departments of two large hospitals in Arkhangelsk from 2005 to 2015 was performed.

Results: Among the revealed cases of PHPT, the symptomatic form of PHPT was the most common (88%). Th e analysis showed a high frequency of arterial hypertension (AH) (69%) with a more severe course in patients with a mixed form of PHPT. Th e level of parathyroid hormone (PTH) was higher in patients with AH compared with patients without hypertension and PHPT (p = 0.008). Left ventricular hypertrophy was detected in 60% of patients with a mixed form of PHPT. In a mild form, this complication was not observed. Th e relationship between the level of total blood calcium and PTH and the interventricular septum thickness was revealed by the results of echocardiography (p = 0.036 and p = 0.012). Th e inverse relationship between the duration of the QT interval and the level of ionized blood calcium was shown (p = 0.022).

Conclusions: Changes in phosphorus-calcium metabolism provoked by PHPT aff ect the state of the cardiovascular system, which determines the need for increased attention of various specialists to this type of complications in PHPT, timely indication of treatment, and improvement of the quality of patient’s life.
Dysfunction of the symphysis as one of the actual problems of modern obstetrics
Authors: Borscheva A. A. , Pertseva G. M. , Alekseeva N. A.
Published: September 2021

Objective: To analyze the factors of the course and outcome of pregnancy in women with pubic joint dysfunction (DLS).Materials and Methods: Th e authors performed a retrospective analysis of the course of pregnancy and the outcome of childbirth in women with pubic joint dysfunction (DLS) observed in 2016 – 2019. As a result, data on the clinical course of pregnancy and childbirth in 75 women with DLS were obtained. All women underwent routine clinical and biochemical examinations, ultrasound diagnostics (US), dopplerometry (DPM), and cardiotocography (CTG). Th e analysis of all the above parameters was carried out according to the data of birth histories for 2016-2018. Statistical processing of the obtained results was carried out using the programs Statistica 10 and Microsoft Excel 2013.Results: Clinical manifestations, as well as changes in ultrasound data, became the main factor in deciding on the method of delivery. All patients with second-degree DLS delivered by elective Caesarean section at 39 – 40 weeks of gestation. Women with the fi rst degree of DLS had a vaginal birth. Ultrasound examination in the postpartum period did not reveal an increase in the diastasis of the pubic joint in any woman. All the postpartum women had no complications during the postpartum period.Conclusion: DLS is a serious complication, which can lead to serious consequences in some cases in the postpartum period. It may require surgical treatment and subsequent long-term rehabilitation. For early diagnostics of DLS, it may be advisable to conduct a mandatory ultrasonic examination of the pubic joint, which is the “gold standard” for the diagnosis of this pathology, to all patients during screening ultrasonic examination.
Repeated cesarean section surgery in women with two or more scars on the uterus
Authors: Yametova N. M. , Tskhay V. B. , Domracheva M. Y.
Published: September 2021

Objective: To monitor the outcome of surgical delivery of pregnant women with two or more uterine scars aft er Cesarean section.Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was performed based on the Krasnoyarsk Regional Clinical Center for Maternal and Child Health. The analysis of birth histories and histories of newborns in pregnant women who delivered by Caesarean section with two or more scars on the uterus within 2020 was carried out. Inclusion criteria: single pregnancy of 22 weeks or more, the presence of two or more scars aft er Cesarean section. Exclusion criteria: pregnancy less than 22 weeks, one scar on the uterus, and a scar on the uterus aft er other operations. Pregnant women with multiple pregnancies.Results: The severity of the adhesive process in the abdominal cavity was noted only in patients with three or more uterine scars. An increase in the duration of the Cesarean section operation of more than 60 minutes was observed in the group with three uterine scars and more (40%). Low risk of injuries to neighboring organs, intestines, ureters, and bladder was observed in groups of patients with both two and three uterine scars. More oft en, intraoperative massive blood loss was noted in the group with three scars on the uterus and more (16.67%). Moderate and severe asphyxia in newborns was registered in the group with three or more uterine scars (16.65%).Conclusion: Th e presence of one and/or two scars on the uterus aft er Cesarean section allowed the authors to classify these pregnant women as a low-risk group. The presence of three or more scars on the uterus aft er Cesarean section classifi ed these pregnant women as a high-risk group.
Discussion of Weight Loss Surgery in Instagram Posts: Successive Sampling Study
Authors: Meleo-Erwin Zoe C , Basch Corey H , Fera Joseph , Smith Bonnie
Published: September 2021

Background

The majority of American adults search for health and illness information on the internet. However, the quality and accuracy of this information are notoriously variable. With the advent of social media, US individuals have increasingly shared their own health and illness experiences, including those related to bariatric surgery, on social media platforms. Previous research has found that peer-to-peer requesting and giving of advice related to bariatric surgery on social media is common, that such advice is often presented in stark terms, and that the advice may not reflect patient standards of care. These previous investigations have helped to map bariatric surgery content on Facebook and YouTube.

Objective

This objective of this study was to document and compare weight loss surgery (WLS)–related content on Instagram in the months leading up to the COVID-19 pandemic and 1 year later.

Methods

We analyzed a total of 300 Instagram posts (50 posts per week for 3 consecutive weeks in late February and early March in both 2020 and 2021) uploaded using the hashtag #wls. Descriptive statistics were reported, and independent 1-tailed chi-square tests were used to determine if a post’s publication year statistically affected its inclusion of a particular type of content.

Results

Overall, advice giving and personal responsibility for outcomes were emphasized by WLS posters on Instagram. However, social support was less emphasized. The safety, challenges, and risks associated with WLS were rarely discussed. The majority of posts did not contain references to facts from reputable medical sources. Posts published in 2021 were more likely to mention stress/hardships of living with WLS (45/150, 30%, vs 29/150, 19.3%; P=.03); however, those published in 2020 more often identified the importance of ongoing support for WLS success (35/150, 23.3%, vs 16/150, 10.7%; P=.004).

Conclusions

Given that bariatric patients have low rates of postoperative follow-up, yet post-operative care and yet support are associated with improved health and weight loss outcomes, and given that health content on the web is of mixed accuracy, bariatric professionals may wish to consider including an online support forum moderated by a professional as a routine part of postoperative care. Doing so may not only improve follow-up rates but may offer providers the opportunity to counter inaccuracies encountered on social media.
Pilot Evaluations of Two Bluetooth Contact Tracing Approaches on a University Campus: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Shelby Tyler , Caruthers Tyler , Kanner Oren Y , Schneider Rebecca , Lipnickas Dana , Grau Lauretta E , Manohar Rajit , Niccolai Linda
Published: September 2021

Background

Many have proposed the use of Bluetooth technology to help scale up contact tracing for COVID-19. However, much remains unknown about the accuracy of this technology in real-world settings, the attitudes of potential users, and the differences between delivery formats (mobile app vs carriable or wearable devices).

Objective

We pilot tested 2 separate Bluetooth contact tracing technologies on a university campus to evaluate their sensitivity and specificity, and to learn from the experiences of the participants.

Methods

We used a convergent mixed methods study design, and participants included graduate students and researchers working on a university campus during June and July 2020. We conducted separate 2-week pilot studies for each Bluetooth technology. The first was for a mobile phone app (“app pilot”), and the second was for a small electronic “tag” (“tag pilot”). Participants validated a list of Bluetooth-identified contacts daily and reported additional close contacts not identified by Bluetooth. We used these data to estimate sensitivity and specificity. Participants completed a postparticipation survey regarding appropriateness, usability, acceptability, and adherence, and provided additional feedback via free text. We used tests of proportions to evaluate differences in survey responses between participants from each pilot, paired t tests to measure differences between compatible survey questions, and qualitative analysis to evaluate the survey’s free-text responses.

Results

Among 25 participants in the app pilot, 53 contact interactions were identified by Bluetooth and an additional 61 by self-report. Among 17 participants in the tag pilot, 171 contact interactions were identified by Bluetooth and an additional 4 by self-report. The tag had significantly higher sensitivity compared with the app (46/49, 94% vs 35/61, 57%; P<.001), as well as higher specificity (120/126, 95% vs 123/141, 87%; P=.02). Most participants felt that Bluetooth contact tracing was appropriate on campus (26/32, 81%), while significantly fewer participants felt that using other technologies, such as GPS or Wi-Fi, was appropriate (17/31, 55%; P=.02). Most participants preferred technology developed and managed by the university rather than a third party (27/32, 84%) and preferred not to have tracing apps on their personal phones (21/32, 66%), due to “concerns with privacy.” There were no significant differences in self-reported adherence rates across pilots.

Conclusions

Convenient and carriable Bluetooth technology may improve tracing efficiency while alleviating privacy concerns by shifting data collection away from personal devices. With accuracy comparable to, and in this case, superior to, mobile phone apps, such approaches may be suitable for workplace or school settings with the ability to purchase and maintain physical devices.
Remote Patient Monitoring and Incentives to Support Smoking Cessation Among Pregnant and Postpartum Medicaid Members: Three Randomized Controlled Pilot Studies (Preprint)
Authors: Joyce Caroline M , Saulsgiver Kathryn , Mohanty Salini , Bachireddy Chethan , Molfetta Carin , Steffy Mary , Yoder Alice , Buttenheim Alison M
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND

Smoking rates among low-income individuals, including those eligible for Medicaid, have not shown the same decrease that is observed among high-income individuals. The rate of smoking among pregnant women enrolled in Medicaid is almost twice that among privately insured women, which leads to significant disparities in birth outcomes and a disproportionate cost burden placed on Medicaid. Several states have identified maternal smoking as a key target for improving birth outcomes and reducing health care expenditures; however, efficacious, cost-effective, and feasible cessation programs have been elusive.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to examine the feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of a smartwatch-enabled, incentive-based smoking cessation program for Medicaid-eligible pregnant smokers.

METHODS

Pilot 1 included a randomized pilot study of smartwatch-enabled remote monitoring versus no remote monitoring for 12 weeks. Those in the intervention group also received the SmokeBeat program. Pilot 2 included a randomized pilot study of pay-to-wear versus pay-to-quit for 4 weeks. Those in a pay-to-wear program could earn daily incentives for wearing the smartwatch, whereas those in pay-to-quit program could earn daily incentives if they wore the smartwatch and abstained from smoking. Pilot 3, similar to pilot 2, had higher incentives and a duration of 3 weeks.

RESULTS

For pilot 1 (N=27), self-reported cigarettes per week among the intervention group declined by 15.1 (SD 27) cigarettes over the study; a similar reduction was observed in the control group with a decrease of 17.2 (SD 19) cigarettes. For pilot 2 (N=8), self-reported cigarettes per week among the pay-to-wear group decreased by 43 cigarettes (SD 12.6); a similar reduction was seen in the pay-to-quit group, with an average of 31 (SD 45.6) fewer cigarettes smoked per week. For pilot 3 (N=4), one participant in the pay-to-quit group abstained from smoking for the full study duration and received full incentives.

CONCLUSIONS

Decreases in smoking were observed in both the control and intervention groups during all pilots. The use of the SmokeBeat program did not significantly improve cessation. The SmokeBeat program, remote cotinine testing, and remote delivery of financial incentives were considered feasible and acceptable. Implementation challenges remain for providing evidence-based cessation incentives to low-income pregnant smokers. The feasibility and acceptability of the SmokeBeat program were moderately high. Moreover, the feasibility and acceptability of remote cotinine testing and the remotely delivered contingent financial incentives were successful.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03209557; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03209557.
A novel case-based reasoning system for breast cancer diagnosis: considering the effects of external characteristics of cases (Preprint)
Authors: Gu Dongxiao , Zhao Wang , Yang Xuejie , Su Kaixiang , Liang Changyong , Zhang Gongrang , Zolotarev Oleg V.
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND

Artificial intelligence can help physicians improve the accuracy of breast cancer diagnosis. However, the effectiveness of AI applications is limited by doctors’ adoption of the results recommended by the AI systems. A case-based reasoning system for breast cancer diagnosis (CBR-BCD) that considers the effects of external characteristics of cases (ECC) can not only provide doctors with more accurate results for auxiliary diagnosis, but also improve doctors’ trust in the results, so as to encourage doctors to adopt the results recommended by the system.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of our study is to develop a novel integrated case-based reasoning (CBR) framework based on Naive Bayes and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) algorithms considering the effects of external characteristics of cases (CBR-ECC) and a corresponding system named CBR-BCD to assist in diagnosis and promote adoption by doctors.

METHODS

We used a real-world data set from the Maputo Central Hospital in Mozambique and constructed the CBR-ECC model and corresponding CBR-BCD system. We performed data processing and obtained six internal features and three external features of the cases. We randomly divided the 1214 cases into a training group and a testing group. The performance of the model was evaluated by accuracy and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).

RESULTS

The system based on the CBR-ECC model was developed. In the first stage of this model, Naive Bayes showed the best performance, compared with KNN and J48 decision tree classifiers, with an accuracy rate of 95.87%. In the second stage, the accuracy of the KNN model with the optimal K value of 2 was 99.40%. In the third stage, after considering the external characteristics of the cases, the rankings of recommendation changed. Finally, we report the users’ evaluation of the novel CBR system in a real hospital scenario; we found that it is superior to the original system.

CONCLUSIONS

CBR-BCD not only enables accurate case recommendations to support health practitioners in diagnosing breast cancer and reducing diagnostic inaccuracies, but also facilitates the adoption of system-recommended results by physicians, which is valuable for clinicians to assist in diagnosis. It enables the early screening of breast cancer to improve the quality of breast cancer management and reduces the socioeconomic burden compared to traditional methods.
Fitbits for monitoring depressive tendencies in older aged persons: Qualitative outcomes of a feasibility study (Preprint)
Authors: Mughal Fiza , Raffe William , Stubbs Peter , Kneebone Ian , Garcia Jaime
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND

Worldwide, in 2021, 929 million people use smart wearables and 31 million use Fitbit devices. While there is growing research on using smart wearables to benefit physical health, more research is required on the application and feasibility of using these devices for mental health and wellbeing. In studies focusing on emotion recognition, inference is often dependent on external cues, which may not always be representative of genuine inner emotion.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to identify the facilitators and barriers of utilizing consumer-grade activity trackers for applications in remote mental health monitoring of older aged persons.

METHODS

Participants, aged ≥65, were recruited using criterion sampling. Participants were provided an activity tracker (Fitbit Alta HR) and completed weekly online questionnaires (Geriatric Depression Scale), and self-report mood questionnaires. We conducted semi-structured pre-post qualitative interviews with participants to gain insight on the facilitators and barriers of the procedure. Interview transcripts were analyzed using a hybrid inductive-deductive thematic analysis.

RESULTS

Twelve participants enrolled in the study, with 9 returning for the post-procedure interviews. Participants were positive about the procedure with 77.78% (7/9) participants finding it feasible, having experienced no inconvenience through the 4-week procedure period. 66.67% (6/9) participants were interested in the full implementation of our prototype, stating that they would feel more at ease knowing that their mental wellbeing was being monitored by their carers remotely.

CONCLUSIONS

Fitbit-like devices are an unobtrusive tool to collect user data without being disruptive or inconvenient to the user. Future research should integrate physiological user inputs to differentiate and predict depressive tendencies in users.
Topic Modeling in the News Document on Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Fitri Hidayatul , Widyawan Widyawan , Soesanti Indah
Published: September 2021

Indonesia is a developing country and supports the program of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) which consist of 17 goals. SDGs is not only the government’s duty, but a shared duty from any elements. Online media has a crucial role in implementing goals of Indonesia’s SDG. Information published in online news related to the SDGs is an important consideration for the government, society, and all elements. Categorizing news manually to find out news topics is very time-consuming and done by the ability of news editors. News presented by online media on the news site can be used as topic modeling, where hidden topics can be found in the news on online media. Topic modeling will classify data based on a particular topic and determine the relationship between text. Latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) is one of the methods on topic modeling to find out the trend of topics of SDGs news. Based on the result of this research, the implementation of LDA is the right choice for finding topics in a document. The result of topic modeling with k = 17 obtained the highest coherence score of 0.5405 on topic 8. Topic 8 discussed news related to the eighth SDGs goals, namely decent work and economic growth. This categorization was based on words formed after the LDA process. Then, topic 5 discussed the news on the 17th SDGs goals, namely partnerships for the goals. Topic 6 discussed the news of the first SDGs, namely no poverty.
Aquaporins in GtoPdb v.2021.3
Authors: Bill Roslyn M. , Conner Alex C. , Kitchen Philip , Salman Mootaz
Published: September 2021

Aquaporins and aquaglyceroporins are membrane channels that allow the permeation of water and certain other small solutes across the cell membrane, or in the case of AQP6, AQP11 and AQP12A, intracellular membranes, such as vesicles and the endoplasmic reticulum membrane [16]. Since the isolation and cloning of the first aquaporin (AQP1) [20], 12 additional mammalian members of the family have been identified, although little is known about the functional properties of one of these (AQP12A; Q8IXF9) and it is thus not tabulated. The other 12 aquaporins can be broadly divided into three families: orthodox aquaporins (AQP0,-1,-2,-4,-5, -6 and -8) permeable mainly to water, but for some additional solutes [4]; aquaglyceroporins (AQP3,-7 -9 and -10), additionally permeable to glycerol and for some isoforms urea [14], and superaquaporins (AQP11 and 12) located within cells [12]. Some aquaporins also conduct ammonia and/or H2O2 giving rise to the terms 'ammoniaporins' ('aquaammoniaporins') and 'peroxiporins', respectively. Aquaporins are impermeable to protons and other inorganic and organic cations, with the possible exception of AQP1, although this is controversial [14]. One or more members of this family of proteins have been found to be expressed in almost all tissues of the body [reviewed in Yang (2017) [26]]. AQPs are involved in numerous processes that include systemic water homeostasis, adipocyte metabolism, brain oedema, cell migration and fluid secretion by epithelia. Loss of function mutations of some human AQPs, or their disruption by autoantibodies further underscore their importance [reviewed by Verkman et al. (2014) [23], Kitchen et al. (2105) [14]]. Functional AQPs exist as homotetramers that are the water conducting units wherein individual AQP subunits (each a protomer) have six TM helices and two half helices that constitute a seventh 'pseudotransmembrane domain' that surrounds a narrow water conducting channel [16]. In addition to the four pores contributed by the protomers, an additional hydrophobic pore exists within the center of the complex [16] that may mediate the transport through AQP1. Although numerous small molecule inhibitors of aquaporins, particularly APQ1, have been reported primarily from Xenopus oocyte swelling assays, the activity of most has subsequently been disputed upon retesting using assays of water transport that are less prone to various artifacts [5] and they are therefore excluded from the tables [see Tradtrantip et al. (2017) [22] for a review].
SLC23 family of ascorbic acid transporters in GtoPdb v.2021.3
Authors: May James M.
Published: September 2021

Predicted to be 12 TM segment proteins, members of this family transport the reduced form of ascorbic acid (while the oxidized form may be handled by members of the SLC2 family (GLUT1/SLC2A1, GLUT3/SLC2A3 and GLUT4/SLC2A4). phloretin is considered a non-selective inhibitor of these transporters, with an affinity in the micromolar range [1].
Galanin receptors in GtoPdb v.2021.3
Authors: Gundlach Andrew L. , Ryan Philip J.
Published: September 2021

Galanin receptors (provisional nomenclature as recommended by NC-IUPHAR [57]) are activated by the endogenous peptides galanin and galanin-like peptide. Human galanin is a 30 amino-acid non-amidated peptide [52]; in other species, it is 29 amino acids long and C-terminally amidated. Amino acids 1-14 of galanin are highly conserved in mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibia and fish. Shorter peptide species (e.g. human galanin-1-19 [21] and porcine galanin-5-29 [170]) and N-terminally extended forms (e.g. N-terminally seven and nine residue elongated forms of porcine galanin [22, 170]) have been reported. More recently, the newly-identified peptide, spexin (SPX), has been reported to activate human GAL2 and GAL3 (but not GAL1) receptors in heterologous expression systems; and to alter GAL2/3 receptor-related behaviours in animals [89].
Chemerin receptors in GtoPdb v.2021.3
Authors: Davenport Anthony P. , Monaghan Amy E.
Published: September 2021

Nomenclature for the chemerin receptors is presented as recommended by NC-IUPHAR [15, 43]). The chemoattractant protein and adipokine, chemerin, has been shown to be the endogenous ligand for both chemerin family receptors. Chemerin1 was the founding family member, and when GPR1 was de-orphanised it was re-named Chermerin2 [43]. Chemerin1 is also activated by the lipid-derived, anti-inflammatory ligand resolvin E1 (RvE1), which is formed via the sequential metabolism of EPA by aspirin-modified cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase [2, 3]. In addition, two GPCRs for resolvin D1 (RvD1) have been identified: FPR2/ALX, the lipoxin A4 receptor, and GPR32, an orphan receptor [45].
Complement peptide receptors in GtoPdb v.2021.3
Authors: Cianciulli Antonia , Coulthard Liam , Hawksworth Owen , Lee John D. , Li Xaria X. , Mitolo Vincenzo , Monk Peter , Panaro Maria A. , Woodruff Trent M.
Published: September 2021

Complement peptide receptors (nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR subcommittee on Complement peptide receptors [107]) are activated by the endogenous ~75 amino-acid anaphylatoxin polypeptides C3a and C5a, generated upon stimulation of the complement cascade. C3a and C5a exert their functions through binding to their receptors (C3aR, C5aR1 and C5aR2), causing cell recruitment and triggering cellular degranulation that contributes to local inflammation.
Orexin receptors in GtoPdb v.2021.3
Authors: Coleman Paul , De Lecea Luis , Gotter Anthony , Hagan Jim , Hoyer Daniel , Kilduff Thomas , Kukkonen Jyrki P. , Porter Rod , Renger John , Siegel Jerome M , Sutcliffe Gregor , Upton Neil , Winrow Christopher J.
Published: September 2021

Orexin receptors (nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on Orexin receptors [42]) are activated by the endogenous polypeptides orexin-A and orexin-B (also known as hypocretin-1 and -2; 33 and 28 aa) derived from a common precursor, preproorexin or orexin precursor, by proteolytic cleavage and some typical peptide modifications [109]. Currently the only orexin receptor ligands in clinical use are suvorexant and lemborexant, which are used as hypnotics. Orexin receptor crystal structures have been solved [134, 133, 54, 117, 46].
Urotensin receptor in GtoPdb v.2021.3
Authors: Davenport Anthony P. , Douglas Stephen A. , Fournier Alain , Giaid Adel , Krum Henry , Lambert David G. , Leprince Jérôme , MacLean Margaret R. , Ohlstein Eliot H. , Thomas Walter G. , Tostivint Hervé , Vaudry David , Vaudry Hubert , Webb David J.
Published: September 2021

The urotensin-II (U-II) receptor (UT, nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on the Urotensin receptor [26, 36, 93]) is activated by the endogenous dodecapeptide urotensin-II, originally isolated from the urophysis, the endocrine organ of the caudal neurosecretory system of teleost fish [7, 92]. Several structural forms of U-II exist in fish and amphibians [93]. The goby orthologue was used to identify U-II as the cognate ligand for the predicted receptor encoded by the rat gene gpr14 [2, 20, 63, 69, 72]. Human urotensin-II, an 11-amino-acid peptide [20], retains the cyclohexapeptide sequence of goby U-II that is thought to be important in ligand binding [61, 53, 10]. This sequence is also conserved in the deduced amino-acid sequence of rat urotensin-II (14 amino-acids) and mouse urotensin-II (14 amino-acids), although the N-terminal is more divergent from the human sequence [19]. A second endogenous ligand for the UT has been discovered in rat [86]. This is the urotensin II-related peptide, an octapeptide that is derived from a different gene, but shares the C-terminal sequence (CFWKYCV) common to U-II from other species. Identical sequences to rat urotensin II-related peptide are predicted for the mature mouse and human peptides [32]. UT exhibits relatively high sequence identity with somatostatin, opioid and galanin receptors [93].
Phosphatidylinositol kinases in GtoPdb v.2021.3
Authors: Uddin Mohib
Published: September 2021

Phosphatidylinositol may be phosphorylated at either 3- or 4- positions on the inositol ring by PI 3-kinases or PI 4-kinases, respectively.Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinasesPhosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K, provisional nomenclature) catalyse the introduction of a phosphate into the 3-position of phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PIP) or phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2). There is evidence that PI3K can also phosphorylate serine/threonine residues on proteins. In addition to the classes described below, further serine/threonine protein kinases, including ATM (Q13315) and mTOR (P42345), have been described to phosphorylate phosphatidylinositol and have been termed PI3K-related kinases. Structurally, PI3Ks have common motifs of at least one C2, calcium-binding domain and helical domains, alongside structurally-conserved catalytic domains. wortmannin and LY 294002 are widely-used inhibitors of PI3K activities. wortmannin is irreversible and shows modest selectivity between Class I and Class II PI3K, while LY294002 is reversible and selective for Class I compared to Class II PI3K.Class I PI3Ks (EC 2.7.1.153) phosphorylate phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate to generate phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate and are heterodimeric, matching catalytic and regulatory subunits. Class IA PI3Ks include p110α, p110β and p110δ catalytic subunits, with predominantly p85 and p55 regulatory subunits. The single catalytic subunit that forms Class IB PI3K is p110γ. Class IA PI3Ks are more associated with receptor tyrosine kinase pathways, while the Class IB PI3K is linked more with GPCR signalling.Class II PI3Ks (EC 2.7.1.154) phosphorylate phosphatidylinositol to generate phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (and possibly phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate to generate phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate). Three monomeric members exist, PI3K-C2α, β and β, and include Ras-binding, Phox homology and two C2 domains.The only class III PI3K isoform (EC 2.7.1.137) is a heterodimer formed of a catalytic subunit (VPS34) and regulatory subunit (VPS15).Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinasesPhosphatidylinositol 4-kinases (EC 2.7.1.67) generate phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate and may be divided into higher molecular weight type III and lower molecular weight type II forms.
Voltage-gated sodium channels (NaV) in GtoPdb v.2021.3
Authors: Catterall William A. , Goldin Alan L. , Waxman Stephen G.
Published: September 2021

Sodium channels are voltage-gated sodium-selective ion channels present in the membrane of most excitable cells. Sodium channels comprise of one pore-forming α subunit, which may be associated with either one or two β subunits [177]. α-Subunits consist of four homologous domains (I-IV), each containing six transmembrane segments (S1-S6) and a pore-forming loop. The positively charged fourth transmembrane segment (S4) acts as a voltage sensor and is involved in channel gating. The crystal structure of the bacterial NavAb channel has revealed a number of novel structural features compared to earlier potassium channel structures including a short selectivity filter with ion selectivity determined by interactions with glutamate side chains [274]. Interestingly, the pore region is penetrated by fatty acyl chains that extend into the central cavity which may allow the entry of small, hydrophobic pore-blocking drugs [274]. Auxiliary β1, β2, β3 and β4 subunits consist of a large extracellular N-terminal domain, a single transmembrane segment and a shorter cytoplasmic domain.The nomenclature for sodium channels was proposed by Goldin et al., (2000) [144] and approved by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on sodium channels (Catterall et al., 2005, [52]).
The Archaeologist In-Between: Olov Janse, 1892–1985
Authors: Källén Anna , Hegardt Johan
Published: September 2021

Olov Janse was an archaeologist with a remarkable life. From his birth in Sweden 1892 to his death in the United States 1985, he travelled several times across the world and was present in some of the most important episodes of 20th century world history. His works and networks connected museums and political institutions in Sweden, France, Vietnam and the United States: from the Swedish History Museum, the Museum of Far Easter Antiquities, the French Musée d’antiquites nationales, the Cernuchi museum, and the French research institute EFEO in Hanoi, to UNESCO, the Harvard Peabody Museum, the Smithsonian Institution, and the U.S. Department of State. He left behind artefacts and documents in museum collections and archives across the world. But his name is largely unknown, and his most important contributions – the connection of people and ideas between continents and contexts – have remained invisible in historical accounts of all these institutions. He was, in every sense, an archaeologist in-between. This book follows in the footsteps of Olov Janse and his wife Renée, as they move between continents and contexts, connecting key actors and institutions in social and professional networks across the world. It tells the formidable story of an archaeologist navigating through world politics, from a late 19th century industrial town in Sweden, to early 20th century Parisian museums, to French Indochina and the Philippines in the 1930s, to the formation of UNESCO in 1946, and ending with public diplomacy for the U.S. Department of State at the verge of the Vietnam War.
Evaluación y comparación de resistencia a la tracción y flexión de Quiote del Maguey Manso (Agave Salmiana) contra bambú Guadua
Authors: Pérez González Diego Isaac , Castro Olivares Jesús Eduardo , Flores Méndez Javier , Mendoza Quiñonez Jesús Alberto , Michua Camarillo Antonio , Aparicio Razo Manuel
Published: September 2021

Debido a las tendencias actuales de desarrollo sostenible, el bambú Guadua ha desarrollado un amplio estudio y aplicaciones técnicas en el área de la construcción, que incluye su distribución y exportación de proyectos en regiones donde no existe. En México (considerado como centro de origen de más de 200 especies de maguey pulquero), principalmente en las comunidades rurales, el Quiote de Maguey Manso maduro es ampliamente utilizado para el mismo fin. El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo evaluar las propiedades mecánicas de tracción y flexión, basándose respectivamente en las normas ASTM E8M-11 y DIN 52-186, para estas dos clases de pedúnculos. La comparación de los resultados obtenidos en estas pruebas muestra que el Quiote presenta un esfuerzo máximo de flexión 2.27 veces la del bambú Guadua, por consiguiente, un módulo de flexión mayor. Por lo tanto, en las pruebas de tracción, el bambú tiene una menor resistencia, pero una mayor capacidad de deformación con respecto al Quiote. Hasta ahora no existen reportes técnicos sobre las propiedades mecánicas de ningún tipo de maguey, por lo tanto, los resultados reportados en esta investigación son temas de interés tanto en la física como en la ingeniería de materiales y sientan las bases para el desarrollo de proyectos técnicos, que posteriormente con una adecuada gestión de comercialización permitirán contribuir al desarrollo sustentable de las comunidades rurales productoras de agave.
Algunas reflexiones críticas sobre el derecho a la igualdad como no discriminación en Chile
Authors: Esparza Reyes Estefanía
Published: September 2021

Actualmente, no se discute la vigencia o validez del principio/derecho a la igualdad o, más concretamente, a no ser discriminado. Los desacuerdos parecen centrarse en el alcance de la protección del mismo, especialmente entre privados, y, todavía más específicamente, en los límites de las acciones afirmativas. El panorama en Chile, por su parte, es bastante diferente, pues, si bien es posible afirmar que existen normas expresas e, incluso, instituciones propias del Derecho antidiscriminatorio, la carta fundamental no menciona la discriminación, razón por la cual la protección constitucional se ha llevado a cabo desde el derecho a la igualdad. Sostengo que la ausencia de cláusulas constitucionales de prohibición de discriminación, entendidas como un elemento que considera la pertenencia a ciertos grupos sociales, así como la conceptualización de la discriminación desde la arbitrariedad, generan la convivencia, de manera simultánea, de concepciones diferentes sobre la discriminación, hecho que aleja a Chile del tratamiento comparado habitual de la materia.
La resolution des conflits juridiques et politiques par la justice constitutionnelle de la Republique de Djibouti
Authors: Abdillahi Bahdon Mohamed
Published: September 2021

Contrairement à un régime autoritaire, dans le régime “démocratique”, le conflit fait partie du jeu politique. Il repose sur l’opposition pacifique entre les acteurs/ es de la scène sociopolitique. Cet article analyse le rôle du conseil constitutionnel de la République de Djibouti dans la résolution des conflits juridiques et politiques. La première partie est consacrée à la nécessité de la justice constitutionnelle et à son importance dans un régime non autoritaire. C’est une question importante. Dans la deuxième partie, l’évolution de la perception sur la justice dans ce pays sera analysée entre deux contextes différents 1977 et 1992. La quatrième partie porte sur les éléments de définition du conflit juridico-politique dans un régime politique où il est un fait à gérer par une institution juridictionnelle. Dans la cinquième partie, les mécanismes prévus par la constitution et les lois organiques, mécanismes traduisant un changement culturel apparent des membres de l’élite politique, seront traités. L’objet traité par la sixième partie est la compétence exclusive en matière électorale, qui constitue l’un des foyers de conflits juridiques et politiques. Et enfin, la septième partie analysera la résolution de ces conflits par le recours aux ressources que disposent les acteurs/es et les candidates. Ce sont des voies de résolution pacifique.
Radiografía constitucional del principio pro persona
Authors: Córdova Miguel Ángel
Published: September 2021

El principio pro persona cambió la manera de interpretar y aplicar los derechos humanos. Esta nueva herramienta permite mejorar la protección de los derechos humanos; sin embargo, la jurisprudencia y la doctrina no han clarificado su estructura ni la manera en cómo funciona. Simplemente la utilizan. En tanto esta situación prevalezca, los límites la jurisprudencia constitucional en materia de derechos humanos serán la discreción y la creatividad de los jueces. Además, la Constitución exige que, en todo momento, las personas reciban la protección más amplia de sus derechos; por ello, esta falta de desarrollo teórico-jurisprudencial constituye un límite a la fuerza vinculante de la Constitución. Por ello, el propósito de este artículo es trazar algunos lineamientos que clarifiquen la estructura normativa del principio pro persona, y la manera en la que puede funcionar para cumplir su propósito constitucional.
Brain Tumor Detection System
Authors: (Kumbhar) Prof. A S Salavi
Published: September 2021

Abstract: Brain tumor is an abnormal growth of brain cells within the brain. Detection of brain tumor is a challenging problem, due to complex structure of the brain. The automatic segmentation has great potential in clinical medicine by freeing physicians from the burden of manual labeling; whereas only a quantitative measurement allows to track and modeling precisely the disease. Magnetic resonance (MR) images are an awfully valuable tool to determine the tumor growth in brain. But, accurate brain image segmentation is a complicated and time consuming process. MR is generally more sensitive in detecting brain abnormalities during the early stages of disease, and is excellent in early detection of cases of cerebral infarction, brain tumors, or infections. So, in this project we put forward a method for automatic brain tumor diagnostics using MR images. The proposed system identifies and segments the tumor portions of the images successfully. Keywords: MR, 2D Image, BrainTumor
APARICIÓN TEMPRANA DEL PATRÓN DE DOLOR CRÓNICO EN PACIENTES MUSCULOESQUELÉTICOS SUBAGUDOS
Authors: León Leticia , Redondo Marta , Pérez-Nieto Miguel Ángel , Jover Juan A. , Abasolo Lydia
Published: September 2021

El patrón de dolor crónico implica altos niveles de emociones negativas, dolor y discapacidad percibida. Pocos estudios han evaluado el patrón de aparición del dolor crónico  y éste era nuestro objetivo. Método: fueron evaluados 146 participantes con 4 semanas la Baja Laboral por enfermedades musculoesqueléticas (DsMS) y 95 con artritis reumatoide (AR) mediante los siguientes instrumentos: el Cuestionario de Tristeza y Depresión (CTD), el  Inventario de Situaciones y Respuestas de Ansiedad–forma breve-. (ISRA-B), Cuestionario de Evaluación de Salud (HAQ), una escala analógica visual para la intensidad del dolor y una escala tipo Likert para la frecuencia del dolor. Los análisis (descriptivos y bivariados) incluyeron una comparación de las puntuaciones de las pruebas entre los pacientes con baja laboral por EM en comparación con los pacientes con AR.  Resultados: Los pacientes con Baja Laboral por enfermedades musculoesqueléticas y los pacientes con AR informaron de una percepción similarde su discapacidad, según el HAQ. Pacientes con Baja Laboral por enfermedades musculoesqueléticas informaron mayor frecuencia percibida y más intensidad de dolor que los pacientes con AR. En relación a las emociones negativas, ambos grupos presentaron niveles altos y similares, con algunos niveles más pobres de los pacientes con AR en comparación con Pacientes con Baja Laboral por enfermedades musculoesqueléticas para la ansiedad cognitiva, la ansiedad de evaluación y la de la vida cotidiana (en  ISRA-B). Las puntuaciones en depresión presentan los mismos niveles en ambos grupos de pacientes.Conclusión. Nuestro estudio muestra que los pacientes con dolor subagudo/discapacidad y dolor crónico/discapacidad reportan un patrón muy similar para las emociones negativas y la percepción del dolor y la discapacidad, lo que sugiere que estos factores aparecen en una etapa temprana y favorecen, por tanto, la transición de dolor agudo a crónico/discapacidad.
ESTUDIOS DE VALIDEZ Y CONFIABILIDAD DE LA ESCALA DE COMPRA IMPULSIVA EN JÓVENES Y ADULTOS DE LA CIUDAD DE CÓRDOBA, ARGENTINA
Authors: Revilla Romina Graciela , Acosta Cristian , Reyna Cecilia
Published: September 2021

Compra Impulsiva de Rook y Fisher (1995) en el ámbito local. Además, se aporta evidencia acerca de la relación entre compra impulsiva y arrepentimiento. Participaron estudiantes universitarios (muestra A) y adultos de 18 a 65 años (muestra B) de la ciudad de Córdoba (Argentina). Con la muestra A se realizaron estudios exploratorios y análisis confirmatorios, y se examinó la consistencia interna a través del coeficiente alfa de Cronbach. Con la muestra B, además, se evaluó la correlación entre la compra impulsiva y el arrepentimiento, controlando por la edad de los participantes. Los resultados evidenciaron una estructura unifactorial que explica el 37.17% de la variabilidad total, en tanto que todos los ítems presentaron cargas factoriales superiores a .40 y los pesos de regresión estuvieron en el rango .18-.60 (muestra A) y .42-.81 (muestra B). Se observaron valores alfa de Cronbach aceptables (muestra A = .84 y muestra B = .87). La relación entre compra impulsiva y arrepentimiento mostró ser significativa pero de baja magnitud. En general, los resultados evidencian que la escala presenta adecuadas propiedades psicométricas para ser empleada en el ámbito local.