bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of donor cell engraftment after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for sickle cell disease: A review of current and future methods
Authors: Lewis Jasmine , Greenway Steven C. , Khan Faisal , Singh Gurpreet , Bhatia Monica , Guilcher Gregory M. T.
Published: May 2022

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the only established curative treatment for sickle cell disease (SCD), a debilitating red blood cell (RBC) disorder with significant prevalence worldwide. Accurate assessment of RBC engraftment following HSCT is essential to evaluate the status of the graft and can enable early intervention to treat or prevent graft rejection. Currently, chimerism measurement is performed on whole blood samples, which mainly reflect white blood cell (WBC) chimerism. This approach has limitations in assessing engraftment in patients with SCD because RBCs engraft non‐linearly with WBCs. Direct measures of RBC chimerism exist but are not routinely used. In this review, we critically examine the current methodologies for assessing donor engraftment; highlight the limitations of these different methods, and present emerging and novel technologies with the potential to improve clinical monitoring of RBC engraftment post‐HSCT for SCD. Promising alternative methodologies include RBC‐specific flow cytometry, RBC‐specific RNA analysis, and quantification of plasma cell‐free DNA derived specifically from nucleated RBCs.
Venetoclax combined with FLAG‐IDA induction and consolidation in newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: DiNardo Courtney D. , Lachowiez Curtis A. , Takahashi Koichi , Loghavi Sanam , Kadia Tapan , Daver Naval , Xiao Lianchun , Adeoti Maria , Short Nicholas J. , Sasaki Koji , Wang Sa A. , Borthakur Gautam , Issa Ghayas , Maiti Abhishek , Alvarado Yesid , Pemmaraju Naveen , Bravo Guillermo Montalban , Masarova Lucia , Yilmaz Musa , Jain Nitin , Andreeff Michael , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Kornblau Steven , Ravandi Farhad , Jabbour Elias , Konopleva Marina Y. , Kantarjian Hagop M.
Published: May 2022

Multi‐agent induction chemotherapy (IC) improves response rates in younger patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML); however, relapse remains the principal cause of treatment failure. Improved induction regimens are needed. A prospective single‐center phase Ib/II study evaluating fludarabine, cytarabine, G‐CSF, and idarubicin combined with venetoclax (FLAG‐IDA + VEN) in patients with newly diagnosed (ND) or relapsed/refractory AML. The primary efficacy endpoint was assessment of overall activity (overall response rate [ORR]: complete remission [CR] + CR with partial hematologic recovery [CRh] + CR with incomplete hematologic recovery [CRi] + morphologic leukemia free state + partial response). Secondary objectives included additional assessments of efficacy, overall survival (OS), and event‐free survival (EFS). Results of the expanded ND cohort with additional follow‐up are reported. Forty‐five patients (median age: 44 years [range 20–65]) enrolled. ORR was 98% (N = 44/45; 95% credible interval 89.9%–99.7%). Eighty‐nine percent (N = 40/45) of patients attained a composite CR (CRc + CRh + CRi) including 93% (N = 37/40) who were measurable residual disease (MRD) negative. Twenty‐seven (60%) patients transitioned to allogeneic stem cell transplant (alloHSCT). Common non‐hematologic adverse events included febrile neutropenia (44%; N = 20), pneumonia (22%, N = 10), bacteremia (18%, N = 8), and skin/soft tissue infections (44%, N = 20). After a median follow‐up of 20 months, median EFS and OS were not reached. Estimated 24‐month EFS and OS were 64% and 76%, respectively. FLAG‐IDA + VEN is an active regimen in ND‐AML capable of producing high MRD‐negative remission rates and enabling transition to alloHSCT when appropriate in most patients. Toxicities were as expected with IC and were manageable. Estimated 24‐month survival appears favorable compared to historical IC benchmarks.
Safe patient handling legislation and musculoskeletal disorders among California healthcare workers: Analysis of workers' compensation data, 2007–2016
Authors: Lee Soo‐Jeong , Lee Joung Hee , Harrison Robert
Published: May 2022

Background

California requires general acute care hospitals to have a comprehensive plan to prevent patient handling injuries (PHIs) among employees. The California safe patient handling (SPH) law took effect in 2012. This study assessed the impact of the SPH law on workers' compensation claims for musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in California hospital workers.

Methods

We used California Workers' Compensation Information System data from 2007 to 2016 and analyzed claims for MSDs that occurred in acute care hospitals compared with nursing and residential care facilities. MSD claims were classified into PHI and non‐PHI claims.

Results

We identified 199,547 MSD claims that occurred during 2007–2016 in acute care hospitals (62.8%) and nursing and residential care facilities (37.2%). MSDs accounted for 42.8% of all claims. Of the MSD claims, 81.0% were strains or sprains and 33.5% of MSDs were related to patient handling activities. From 2011 to 2016, MSD claim rates showed significant reductions among both hospital and nursing/residential care workers. However, the MSD‐PHI claim rate showed a significant reduction only among hospital workers (7.3% per year, incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.927, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.903–0.952). There was no significant change among nursing/residential care workers (IRR = 0.990, 95% CI 0.976–1.005). The non‐PHI claim rate showed no significant change among hospital workers (IRR = 0.982, 95% CI 0.956–1.009).

Conclusions

Our study identified significant reductions of PHI claims among California hospital workers after the passage of the SPH legislation, suggesting that SPH legislation played a crucial role in reducing the risk of injury among healthcare workers.
Generation of Sodium‐Thiophene Species with Metal Amide‐Free Approach Toward Polythiophene Synthesis by Cross‐Coupling Polymerization
Authors: Inoue Tomoki , Kuwayama Aika , Okano Kentaro , Horie Masaki , Mori Atsunori
Published: May 2022

Deprotonative metalation of 2‐halo‐3‐substituted thiophene in a metal amide‐free manner takes place at the 5‐position smoothly in the presence of additive N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) at room temperature in a hexane solution. Following addition of nickel catalyst to the thus formed thiophene‐sodium species promotes cross‐coupling polymerization. When toluene was employed as a solvent in the polymerization reaction of 2‐chloro‐3‐hexylthiophene in the presence of 2 mol% of nickel catalyst bearing N‐heterocyclic carbene ligand, polythiophene was obtained in up to 86% yield with Mn of 23700 (Mw/Mn=1.98) suggesting that ca. 30% of the catalyst participated in the polymerization.
Regio‐ and Enantioselective Intermolecular Aminofluorination of Alkenes via Iodine(I)/Iodine(III) Catalysis**
Authors: Schäfer Michael , Stünkel Timo , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Gilmour Ryan
Published: May 2022

The regio‐ and enantio‐selective, intermolecular vicinal fluoroamination of α‐trifluoromethyl styrenes has been achieved by enantioselective II/IIII catalysis. Leveraging C2‐symmetric resorcinol‐based aryl iodide catalysts, it has been possible to intercept the transient iodonium intermediate using simple nitriles, which function as both the solvent and nucleophile. In situ Ritter reaction provides direct access to the corresponding amides (up to 89 % yield, e.r. 93 : 7). This main group catalysis paradigm inverts the intrinsic regioselectivity of the uncatalyzed process, thereby providing facile access to tertiary, benzylic stereocenters bearing both CF3 and F groups. Privileged phenethylamine pharmacophores can be generated in which there is complete local partial charge inversion (CF3δ−/Fδ− versus CH3δ+/Hδ+). Crystallographic analyses of representative β‐fluoroamide products reveal highly pre‐organized conformations that manifest the stereoelectronic gauche effect.
Activating Lattice Oxygen in Layered Lithium Oxides through Cation Vacancies for Enhanced Urea Electrolysis
Authors: Han Wen‐Kai , Wei Jin‐Xin , Xiao Kang , Ouyang Ting , Peng Xinwen , Zhao Shenlong , Liu Zhao‐Qing
Published: May 2022

Despite the fact that high‐valent nickel‐based oxides exhibit promising catalytic activity for the urea oxidation reaction (UOR), the fundamental questions concerning the origin of the high performance and the structure–activity correlations remain to be elucidated. Here, we unveil the underlying enhanced mechanism of UOR by employing a series of prepared cation‐vacancy controllable LiNiO2 (LNO) model catalysts. Impressively, the optimized layered LNO‐2 exhibits an extremely low overpotential at 10 mA cm−2 along with excellent stability after the 160 h test. Operando characterisations combined with the theoretical analysis reveal the activated lattice oxygen in layered LiNiO2 with moderate cation vacancies triggers charge disproportion of the Ni site to form Ni4+ species, facilitating deprotonation in a lattice oxygen involved catalytic process.
Chitosan hydrogel wrapped bimetallic nanoparticles based efficient catalysts for the catalytic removal of organic pollutants and hydrogen production
Authors: Bakhsh Esraa M. , Khan Mohammad Sherjeel Javed , Akhtar Kalsoom , Khan Sher Bahadar , Asiri Abdullah M.
Published: May 2022

A novel catalytic system based on bimetallic nanoparticles entrapped chitosan hydrogel container (Cu–Ag/CH, Cu–Co/CH, Cu–Ni/CH) was prepared. The developed catalytic system was applied for production of H2 from water and methanol and reduction of 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP), 3‐nitrophenol, 2‐nitrophenol, 2,6‐dinitrophenol, methylene blue, congo red (CR), methyl orange, acridine orange, and potassium ferricynide (K3[Fe(CN)6]). The developed catalytic system has shown tremendous performance and exhibited high efficiency as a catalyst for water treatment and H2 generation. Among all the nanocatalysts, Cu–Co/CH was more efficient in catalytic H2 generation while Cu–Ni/CH was more efficient in catalytic reduction of toxic contaminants. Further, various parameters like amount of NaBH4, catalyst quantity, pollutant concentration, and temperature were optimized to enhance the effectiveness of catalytic system for fast production of H2 and reduction of toxins. Moreover, the recyclability of the catalyst was investigated, where slight decrease in reduction time was noted.
Skeletal repatterning enhances the protective capacity of the shell in African hinge‐back tortoises (Kinixys)
Authors: Cordero Gerardo A. , Vamberger Melita , Fritz Uwe , Ihlow Flora
Published: May 2022

Changes in the structural association of skeletal traits are crucial to the evolution of novel forms and functions. In vertebrates, such rearrangements often occur gradually and may precede or coincide with the functional activation of skeletal traits. To illustrate this process, we examined the ontogeny of African hinge‐back tortoises (Kinixysspp.).Kinixysspecies feature a moveable “hinge” on the dorsal shell (carapace) that enables shell closure (kinesis) when the hind limbs are withdrawn. This hinge, however, is absent in juveniles. Herein, we describe how this unusual phenotype arises via alterations in the tissue configuration and shape of the carapace. The ontogenetic repatterning of osseous and keratinous tissue coincided with shifts in morphological integration and the establishment of anterior (static) and posterior (kinetic) carapacial modules. Based onex vivoskeletal movement and raw anatomy, we propose thatKinixysemploys a “sliding hinge” shell‐closing system that overcomes thoracic rigidity and enhances the protective capacity of the carapace. Universal properties of the vertebrate skeleton, such as plasticity, modularity, and secondary maturation processes, contributed to adaptive evolutionary change inKinixys. We discuss a hypothetical model to explain the delayed emergence of skeletal traits and its relevance to the origins of novel form‐to‐function relationships.
Comparative genomic analysis of ABC transporter genes inTenebrio molitorand four other tenebrionid beetles (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidea)
Authors: Xiao Kai‐Ran , Wu Chao‐Yan , Yang Lin , Wang Jun , Song Qi‐Sheng , Stanley David , Wei Shu‐Jun , Zhu Jia‐Ying
Published: May 2022

ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporters, one of the largest transmembrane protein families, transport a diverse number of substate across membranes. Details of their diverse physiological functions have not been established. Here, we identified 87 ABC transporter genes in the genomes ofTenebrio molitoralong with those fromAsbolus verrucosus(104),Hycleus cichorii(65), andHycleus phaleratus(80). Combining these genes (336 in total) with genes reported inTribolium castaneum(73), we analyzed the phylogeny of ABC transporter genes in all five Tenebrionids. They are assigned into eight subfamilies (ABCA‐H). In comparison to other species, the ABCC subfamily in this group of beetles appears expanded. The expression profiles of theT. molitorgenes at different life stages and in various tissues were also investigated using transcriptomic analysis. Most of them display developmental specific expression patterns, suggesting to us their possible roles in development. Most of them are highly expressed in detoxification‐related tissues including gut and Malpighian tubule, from which we infer their roles in insecticide resistance. We detected specific or abundant expressions of many ABC transporter genes in various tissues such as salivary gland, ovary, testis, and antenna. This new information helps generate new hypotheses on their biological significance within tissues.
Guanosine‐based Hydrogel Integrating Photothermal Effect of PDA‐AuNPs through Dynamic Borate Bond for Photothermal Therapy of Cancer
Authors: Hu Xiaopei , Lei Shangxue , Song Shaojuan , Xia Xin , Qi Jiajia , Liu Jiang , Zhao Hang
Published: May 2022

Photothermal therapy (PTT) has drawn extensive attention owing to its noninvasive and great tissue penetration depth. However, the physical encapsulation of photothermal agents may lead to their rapid release. Dual‐functional hydrogel systems that integrate functions and carriers can potentially solve this problem. In this work, we successfully developed a dual‐functional guanosine(G)‐based hydrogel integrating the photothermal effect and localized delivery by introducing dynamic borate ester utilizing the photothermal property of PDA‐AuNPs and the self‐assembly ability of G. Both in vitro and in vivo results confirmed that the GBPA hydrogel not only exhibited excellent photothermal toxicity, stability, injectability, and biocompatibility, but also possessed high photothermal antitumor activity. These results suggested that the GBPA hydrogel could be used as a dual‐functional hydrogel integrating photothermal effect and localized delivery in one system, which would possibly provide a new opportunity for the design of new dual‐functional hydrogels for highly efficient cancer therapy.
Quality of life, voiding and sexual function of penile cancer patients: DaPeCa‐10—a cross‐sectional questionnaire survey
Authors: Jakobsen Jakob Kristian , Sørensen Christian Møbjerg , Krarup Kim Predbjørn , Jensen Jørgen Bjerggaard
Published: May 2022

Objectives

To assess prevalence of voiding and sexual symptoms and quality of life in penile cancer patients.

Methods

From 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2015, we approached three separate groups of Danish penile cancer patients and asked them to complete a face‐validated questionnaire at diagnosis (Group 1), after 1 year (Group 2) and after 2 years (Group 3). We analysed symptom prevalence and bother and quality of life items and explored differences between groups.

Results

In total, we analysed 157 questionnaires. The response rates at diagnosis, after 1 year and after 2 years were 29%, 46% and 30%. The pad use (p = 0.001) and occurrence of nocturia twice a night or more (p = 0.006) was significantly decreasing 2 years after treatment. There was an increasing trend in sexual thoughts and importance of sexuality from 1 to 2 years after treatment, but the proportion of patients reporting a frequency of orgasm at more than once in the past 6 months was significantly decreasing after treatment (p = 0.03). Likewise, the trend for erectile dysfunction worsened after treatment with 49% of patients reporting an erection never sufficient for intercourse at diagnosis increasing to 62% after 1 year and 69% after 2 years. We observed trends towards lower self‐esteem with increasingly mutilating treatment.

Conclusion

Pad use, nocturia and frequency of orgasm were significantly reduced after penile cancer treatment. We observed trends towards lower self‐esteem with increasingly mutilating treatment and increase in erectile dysfunction after treatment.
Glymphatic system dysfunction in patients with cluster headache
Authors: Kim Jinseung , Lee Dong Ah , Lee Ho‐Joon , Park Bong Soo , Ko Junghae , Park Si Hyung , Lee Yoo Jin , Kim Il Hwan , Park Jin Han , Park Kang Min
Published: May 2022

Introduction

The aim of this study was to investigate alterations of the glymphatic system function in patients with cluster headache.

Methods

We enrolled patients with cluster headache and healthy controls, and they underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). We used the MRIcron and DSI studio programs for DTI preprocessing and DTI analysis with perivascular space (DTI‐ALPS) index calculation.

Results

Fourteen patients with cluster headache and 23 healthy controls were enrolled. The DTI‐ALPS indexes of the groups were significantly different. The DTI‐ALPS index for the patients with cluster headache was lower than that for the healthy controls (1.586 vs. 1.786, p = 0.044). There was a significant negative correlation between the DTI‐ALPS index and age in the patients with cluster headache (r = −0.549, p = 0.042). However, the DTI‐ALPS index was not associated with other clinical characteristics, including disease duration and headache intensity (r = −0.405, p = 0.150; r = −0.048, p = 0.869, respectively).

Conclusion

Patients with cluster headache had a lower DTI‐ALPS index than the healthy controls; this might indicate glymphatic system dysfunction in the patients with cluster headache. Further research is required to determine whether glymphatic system dysfunction is related to the pathophysiology of cluster headache.
Research on self‐learning system with “Internet + Education” innovative talents education mode under big data background
Authors: Luo Ying , An Zhi‐quan
Published: May 2022

In the “Internet + Education” mode, a big data analysis of innovative talents education model is conducted to improve the quantitative evaluation ability of innovative talent education and training, and the “Internet + Education” innovative talent education model under the background of big data is proposed based on segmented information fusion and regression statistical analysis. More and more attention is attracted by the continuous advancement of innovative talent training models. The resource data mining and information processing research of innovative talent education models are conducted in related literature and have achieved certain research results. A big data analysis model for the cultivation of innovative talents is constructed and a structured big data information reorganization method is adopted to conduct information fusion processing of the “Internet + Education” innovative talents education model. Features describing the associated information of the talent cultivation model are extracted and the segmented information fusion method is adopted for feature clustering processing. The autoregression analysis of innovative talents cultivation evaluation ability is conducted based on feature clustering results and a test statistic model is constructed for effective analysis of the “Internet + Education” innovative talents education model under big data background. As a result, comprehensive and fuzzy decision‐making on the talent education model is realized according to judgment statistics. Simulation results show that the accuracy of a quantitative assessment of the “Internet + Education” innovative talents education model is higher with this method and the convergence of regression analysis is better. This shows that this method can effectively instruct the innovation of the talent education model and novel technologies can be more utilized by the efficiency and performance of the method.
Supervisees' perspectives on the contribution of supervision to psychotherapy outcomes
Authors: Teichman Yona , Berant Ety , Shenkman Geva , Ramot Guy
Published: May 2022

Objective

The aim of this study was to examine supervisees' perspectives about the contribution of two predefined aspects of supervision, supervisory bond (SB) and didactic input of supervisor (DI), to their ascribed outcome of therapy.

Method

Supervisees anonymously assessed the SB, supervisors' DI and their contribution to therapy outcome. Assessment was quantitative and qualitative. The supervisory aspects were assessed using a questionnaire constructed for this study. Perceived contribution was evaluated by two scaled questions, and themes generated by an open question. Supervisees (n = 111) evaluated 16 supervisors and supervision’s contribution to psychotherapy outcomes of 111 clients.

Findings

Hierarchical regression showed that supervisees' age, supervisors' status and frequency of supervision accounted for 24% of the variance ascribed to outcome. SB and DI accounted for 51% of the variance. These values, which are higher than reported in the literature, may be attributed to the assessment of predefined aspects of supervision by the same assessor. Thematic analysis of the didactic input produced more themes than for the supervisory bond.

Conclusion

Sociodemographic variables and supervisory relationship variables determine supervisees' evaluations of supervision’s contribution to outcome.

Implications for practice

Training and supervision may benefit from information obtained from quantitative and qualitative measures regarding these and other predefined variables related to supervision. The in‐depth look at views and experiences shared by supervisees may advance training, practice and research.
Circ_0000284 Promoted Acute Pancreatitis Progression through the Regulation of miR‐10a‐5p/Wnt/β‐Catenin Pathway
Authors: Huang Huali , Chen Wenjing , Lu Jiefu , Zhang Shiyu , Xiang Xuelian , Wang Xianmo , Tang Guodu
Published: May 2022

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been found to be involved in the progression of acute pancreatitis (AP). The objective of our study was to investigate the effects of circ_0000284 on caerulein‐induced AR42J cell injury. To mimic AP in vitro, rat pancreatic acinar AR42J cells were treated with caerulein. The expression of circ_0000284 and miR‐10a‐5p was evaluated by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to determine the content of inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α). Western blotting was applied to analyze the levels of Wnt/β‐catenin pathway‐related and apoptosis‐related proteins. Cell viability and apoptosis were monitored by Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8) assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The target connection between circ_0000284 and miR‐10a‐5p was verified by dual‐luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. AP induced inflammation in patients, and caerulein treatment increased apoptosis and inflammation in AR42J cells. Circ_0000284 was upregulated in serum of AP patients and caerulein‐induced AR42J cells, while Wnt/β‐catenin pathway was inactivated. Knockdown of circ_0000284 could decrease apoptosis and inflammation in caerulein‐induced AR42J cells, which was attenuated by miR‐10a‐5p inhibition or Wnt signaling pathway antagonist Dickkopf‐related protein 1 (DKK1). MiR‐10a‐5p was sponged by circ_000028 and was downregulated in caerulein‐induced AR42J cells. Circ_0000284 depletion could protect caerulein‐induced AR42J cells from apoptosis and inflammation by upregulating miR‐10a‐5p expression and activating Wnt/β‐catenin pathway, underscoring a potential target for AP therapy.
Phenoxy‐ and Phenylamino‐Heterocyclic Quinones: Synthesis and Preliminary Anti‐Pancreatic Cancer Activity
Authors: Sánchez Patricio , Salas Cristian O. , Gallardo‐Fuentes Sebastián , Villegas Alondra , Veloso Nicolás , Honores Jessica , Inman Martyn , Isaacs Mauricio , Contreras Renato , Moody Christopher J. , Cisterna Jonathan , Brito Iván , Tapia Ricardo A.
Published: May 2022

The successful application of fragment‐based drug discovery strategy for the efficient synthesis of phenoxy‐ or phenylamino‐2‐phenyl‐benzofuran, ‐benzoxazole and ‐benzothiazole quinones is described. Interestingly, in the final step of the synthesis of the target compounds, unusual results were observed on the regiochemistry of the reaction of bromoquinones with phenol and aniline. A theoretical study was carried out for better understanding the factors that control the regiochemistry of these reactions. The substituted heterocyclic quinones were evaluated in vitro to determine their cytotoxicity by the MTT method in three pancreatic cancer cell lines (MIA‐PaCa‐2, BxPC‐3, and AsPC‐1). Phenoxy benzothiazole quinone 26a showed potent cytotoxic activity against BxPC‐3 cell lines, while phenylamino benzoxazole quinone 20 was the most potent on MIA‐PaCa‐2 cells. Finally, electrochemical properties of these quinones were determined to correlate with a potential mechanism of action. All these results, indicate that the phenoxy quinone fragment led to compounds with increased activity against pancreatic cancer cells.
Temporal changes and clinical significance of peridevice leak following left atrial appendage occlusion with Amplatzer devices
Authors: Korsholm Kasper , Jensen Jesper M. , Nørgaard Bjarne L. , Nielsen‐Kudsk Jens E.
Published: May 2022

Background

The natural history of peridevice leak (PDL) following left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) is unknown. This study sought to investigate changes of PDL from 2 until 12 months after LAAO, using cardiac computed tomography (CT), and to assess the potential association between persistent PDL and clinical outcomes

Methods

Single‐center observational study of Amplatzer LAAO implants between 2010 and 2017 (n = 206). Patients with 2 and 12 months cardiac CT were included in the study (n = 153). Images were blindly analyzed. PDL was characterized by frequency and size at the device disc, lobe, and left atrial appendage contrast patency. Patients were followed for the composite outcome of ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack, systemic embolism, or all‐cause death. Median follow up from LAAO was 3.1 (2.3–4.3) years.

Results

Contrast patency was present in 101 (66%) and 72 (47%) (p < 0.001) at 2 and 12 months, respectively. PDL was identified at the disc in 103 (67%) patients at 2 months versus 93 (61%) at 12 months (p = 0.08), and at the lobe in 29 (19%) at both time points. PDL area at the disc did not change significantly over time, area: −8.95 mm (95% confidence interval [CI]: −18.9; 1.01) p = 0.08. Permanent atrial fibrillation was independently associated with persistent PDL. Persistent versus no PDL was associated with a 62% worse clinical outcome, however not statistically significant, hazard ratio (HR): 1.62 (95% CI: 0.9–2.93), p = 0.11.

Conclusion

Persistent PDL was frequently observed following LAAO with Amplatzer devices. The PDL frequency and size appeared unchanged between 2 and 12 months. Persistent PDL was not significantly associated with worse clinical outcomes, yet this needs further delineation in future studies.
Direct Synthesis and Delamination of Swollen Layered Ferrierite for the Reductive Etherification of Furfural
Authors: Wang Jilong , Fan Yaqi , Guo Xiaowen , Gu Qingyi , Jiang Jingang , Guan Yejun , He Xiao , Ma Yanhang , Xu Hao , Wu Peng
Published: May 2022

A swollen ferrierite structure (denoted as ECNU‐35P) was directly synthesized with a commercially available surfactant of decamethonium hydroxide as bifunctional organic structure‐directing agent (OSDA). ECNU‐35P, with elastic long‐chain surfactant intercalating the neighboring FER layers, had a much wider interlayer spacing than previously reported FER‐type layered precursors of PLS‐3 and PREFER. The phase delamination of ECNU‐35P was readily realized without additional swelling process that is destructive to zeolite frameworks. The non‐corrosive delaminated derivative (DECNU‐35) was composed of the FER nanosheets with 4 nm‐thickness. With large external surface area, abundant mesopores and moderate acidity, Pd/DECNU‐35 served as highly active and robust catalysts in the reductive etherification of biomass furfural, providing a high yield of 74 % for the biofuel of furfuryl ethyl ether.
Impact of Seams on the Operating Behavior of Surface Filters Regarding Particle Emissions
Authors: de Lacerda Camila R. , Bächler Peter , Schwarz Almuth D. , Sartim Rafael , Aguiar Mônica L. , Dittler Achim
Published: May 2022

Surface filters are widely used in industrial gas cleaning, e.g., as filter bags, to meet particle emission standards. The seam created by manufacturing the filter element is a potential leakage point for dust. A systematic investigation on the impact of the needle diameter of the seam on filter operation in two different filter test rigs is presented, regarding differential pressure and particle emissions. Four membrane samples, one without seam and three sewn with different needle diameters, were used to evaluate the fractional separation efficiency and the dust emissions. While the sample without seam showed near‐perfect particle separation, a larger needle diameter led to an increase in dust emissions. The impact of needle diameter on the differential pressure was negligible.
Determination of Ionic Diffusion Coefficients in Ion‐Exchange Membranes: Strong Electrolytes and Sulfates with Dissociation Equilibria
Authors: Kuldeep  , Manzanares José A. , Kauranen Pertti , Mousavihashemi Seyedabolfazl , Murtomäki Lasse
Published: May 2022

Ionic diffusion coefficients in the membrane are needed for the modelling of ion transport in ion‐exchange membranes (IEMs) with the Nernst‐Planck equation. We have determined the ionic diffusion coefficients of Na+, OH−, H+, Cl−, SO42−, NaSO4−, and HSO4− from the diffusion experiments of dilute NaCl, NaOH, HCl, Na2SO4, and H2SO4 solutions through IEMs and the membrane conductivity measured in these solutions, using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The order of diffusion fluxes across the anion‐exchange membrane is found to be as H2SO4>HCl>NaCl>Na2SO4>NaOH, whereas for the cation‐exchange membrane it was NaOH>NaCl>Na2SO4≥H2SO4. Special attention is given to sulfates because of the partial dissociation of bisulfate and NaSO4−, which makes the use of the Nernst‐Hartley equation, that is, splitting the electrolyte diffusion coefficient into its ionic contributions, impossible. The expression of the diffusion coefficient of sulfates taking into account the dissociation equilibrium has been derived and the corresponding Fick equation has been integrated. In addition, for sulfates, finite element simulations with COMSOL Multiphysics, applying a homogeneous membrane model, were done to give estimates of their ionic diffusion coefficients. This work offers a convenient approach to finding diffusion coefficients of various ions inside IEMs.
Evaluating the role of Z‐stack to improve the morphologic evaluation of urine cytology whole slide images for high‐grade urothelial carcinoma: Results and review of a pilot study
Authors: Kim David , Burkhardt Robert , Alperstein Susan A. , Gokozan Hamza N. , Goyal Abha , Heymann Jonas J. , Patel Ami , Siddiqui Momin T.
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND

Whole slide imaging (WSI) adoption has been slower in cytopathology due, in part, to challenges in multifocal plane scanning on 3‐dimensional cell clusters. ThinPrep and other liquid‐based preparations may alleviate the issue by reducing clusters in a concentrated area. This study investigates the use of Z‐stacked images for diagnostic assessment and the experience of evaluating urine ThinPrep WSI.

METHODS

Thirty ThinPrep urine cases of high‐grade urothelial carcinoma (n = 22) and cases of negative for high‐grade urothelial carcinoma (n = 8) were included. Slides were scanned at 40× magnification without Z‐stack and with Z‐stack at 3 layers, 1 μm each. Six cytopathologists and 1 cytotechnologist evaluated the cases in 2 rounds with a 2‐week wash‐out period in a blinded manner. A Cohen’s Kappa (CK) calculated concordance rates. A survey after each round evaluated participant experience.

RESULTS

CK with the original report ranged from 0.606 to 1.0 (P < .05) without Z‐stack and 0.533 to 1.0 (P < .05) with Z‐stack both indicating substantial‐to‐perfect concordance. For both rounds, interobserver CK was moderate‐to‐perfect (0.417‐1.0, P < .05). Intraobserver CK was 0.697‐1.0 (P < 0.05), indicating substantial to perfect concordance. The average scan time and file size for slides without Z‐stack and with Z‐stack are 6.27 minute/0.827 GB and 14.06 minute/2.650 GB, respectively. Surveys demonstrated a range in comfort and use with slightly more favorable opinions for Z‐stacked cases.

CONCLUSIONS

Z‐stack images provide minimal diagnostic benefit for urine ThinPrep WSI. In addition, Z‐stacked urine WSI does not justify the prolonged scan times and larger storage needs compared to those without Z‐stack.
Three‐Dimensional Porous Low‐Defect Carbon Nanotube and Graphene Network Supported Rh Nanocrystals as Efficient Methanol Oxidation Electrocatalysts
Authors: Li Yanan , Chen Yang , Qin Jinlong , Chen Jinhao , Zhao Yahui , Xie Yongshuai , He Haiyan , Huang Huajie
Published: May 2022

With the rapid economic development and urgent environmental demands, the direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) as one of environmental‐friendly energy‐conversion systems has attracted wide attention in the world, while the insufficient activity and low structural stability of the anode Pt/carbon catalyst largely deteriorate its overall performance. Herein, we report a facile and cost‐effective bottom‐up method to the fabrication of rhodium nanocrystals supported by three‐dimensional (3D) porous hybrid networks constructed from low‐defect carbon nanotubes and reduced graphene oxide (Rh/LCNT‐RGO) as Pt‐alternative electrocatalysts for DMFC. Such a structural design gives the resultant Rh/LCNT‐RGO hybrid a series of fantastic architectural advantages, such as the large specific surface area of 3D interconnected graphene configuration, high electrical conductivity of low‐defect carbon nanotubes, and abundant catalytically active sites of well‐dispersive Rh nanocrystals. As a consequence, the Rh/LCNT‐RGO hybrid displays unusual catalytic abilities towards the methanol electrooxidation, including a large electrochemically active surface area of 123.8 m2 g−1, a high mass activity of 1228.5 mA mg−1, strong poison tolerance, and long lifespan, far surpassing those of reference Rh/carbon black, Rh/acid‐treated CNT, and Rh/RGO catalysts.
Secure Internet of Things network using light‐weighted trust and blockchain‐powered PoW framework
Authors: Vairagade Rupali Sachin , Savadatti Hanumantha Brahmananda
Published: May 2022

Blockchain technology comprises security algorithms that work efficiently on battery powered devices. Low energy and delay indicate the effectiveness of any security mechanism. However, it is challenging for the algorithms to achieve low energy and delay because of various attacks. To identify and protect against various kinds of IoT attacks, a light‐weighted trust, and blockchain‐powered PoW framework are proposed in this article. A proof of work (PoW) consensus is utilized on the router side to validate the block before the blockchain accepts it. The flexibility of block design is the main benefit of PoW powered blockchain, so it can modify based on IoT applications. Moreover, trust is one of the major issues in IoT networks. Trust can be established among users during node processing and communication between nodes. This trust is significant for transferring the data from source to destination and the uncertainty of service availability in IoT applications. A trust evaluation between participating nodes and the blockchain mechanism are integrated into this work to cover authorization and authentication. The efficiency of the proposed trust model is evaluated in terms of trust evolution and trustworthy network and compared with the existing trust models. In the experimental analysis, the efficiency of the proposed blockchain‐powered network is analyzed in terms of energy, delay and processing time. The experimental outcomes proved that the proposed lightweight trust and blockchain‐powered PoW are more efficient than other approaches.
Using Biomass Gasification Mineral Residue as Catalyst to Produce Light Olefins from CO, CO2, and H2 Mixtures
Authors: ten Have Iris C. , van den Brink Robin Y. , Marie‐Rose Stéphane C. , Meirer Florian , Weckhuysen Bert M.
Published: May 2022

Invited for this month′s cover is the group of Bert Weckhuysen at Utrecht University. The image shows how iron nanoparticles in a biomass gasification residue can convert CO, CO2, and H2 mixtures into light olefins. The Research Article itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.202200436.
G‐CSF induces CD15+ CD14+ cells from granulocytes early in the physiological environment of pregnancy and the cancer immunosuppressive microenvironment
Authors: Maneta Ebtehag , Fultang Livingstone , Taylor Jemma , Pugh Matthew , Jenkinson William , Anderson Graham , Coomarasamy Arri , Kilby Mark D , Lissauer David M , Mussai Francis , De Santo Carmela
Published: May 2022

Objectives

Recombinant granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) is frequently administered to patients with cancer to enhance granulocyte recovery post‐chemotherapy. Clinical trials have also used G‐CSF to modulate myeloid cell function in pregnancy and inflammatory diseases. Although the contribution of G‐CSF to expanding normal granulocytes is well known, the effect of this cytokine on the phenotype and function of immunosuppressive granulocytic cells remains unclear. Here, we investigate the impact of physiological and iatrogenic G‐CSF on an as yet undescribed granulocyte phenotype and ensuing outcome on T cells in the settings of cancer and pregnancy.

Methods

Granulocytes from patients treated with recombinant G‐CSF, patients with late‐stage cancer and women enrolled on a trial of recombinant G‐CSF were phenotyped by flow cytometry. The ability and mechanism of polarised granulocytes to suppress T‐cell proliferation were assessed by cell proliferation assays, flow cytometry and ELISA.

Results

We observed that G‐CSF leads to a significant upregulation of CD14 expression on CD15+ granulocytes. These CD15+CD14+ cells are identified in the blood of patients with patients undergoing neutrophil mobilisation with recombinant G‐CSF, and physiologically in women early in pregnancy or in those treated as a part of a clinical trial. Immunohistochemistry of tumor tissue or placental tissue identified the expression of G‐CSF. The G‐CSF upregulates the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in CD15+CD14+ cells leading to the suppression of T‐cell proliferation.

Conclusions

G‐CSF induces a population of ROS+ immunosuppressive CD15+CD14+ granulocytes. Strategies for how recombinant G‐CSF can be scheduled to reduce effects on T‐cell therapies should be developed in future clinical studies.
Serum IL‐17A concentration and a IL17RA single nucleotide polymorphism contribute to the risk of autoimmune type 1 diabetes
Authors: Li Junxian , Xu Lei , Zhao Weijing , Pan Jiemin , Lu Junxi , Lu Huijuan , Yan Jinhua , Weng Jianping , Liu Fang
Published: May 2022

Aims

Interleukin (IL)‐17 is associated with autoimmunity. This study aimed to affirm the role of IL‐17A, IL‐17F and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes related to them and their receptors in autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D) for Chinese population.

Methods

In this study, 130 patients with autoimmune T1D and 140 non‐T1D controls were included for analysis. Clinical and biochemical data were collected, and serum levels of IL‐17A, IL‐17F, IL‐6, and high‐sensitivity C reactive protein were measured using ELISA. The SNPs rs2275913, rs8193036, rs3819025, rs763780, rs879577, rs4819554, and rs708567 were genotyped using the SNaPshot assay.

Results

IL‐17A levels were higher in patients with autoimmune T1D than in controls (median [IQR] 28.83[37.38] vs. 16.68[8.10], p < 0.001) and high IL‐17A was a risk factor for autoimmune T1D (odds ratio (OR), 1.013; 95% CI, 1.003–1.023; p = 0.013) after adjusting for confounding factors. Linear regression analysis revealed that log10IL‐17A levels were independently associated with fasting C‐peptide, IL‐6, body mass index, and IL‐17F. However, no independent association was found between IL‐17F and autoimmune T1D. The GG genotype of SNP rs4819554 in the interleukin 17 receptor A (IL17RA) gene was associated with a decreased risk of autoimmune T1D (OR, 0.458; 95% CI, 0.246–0.852; p = 0.014) after adjusting for other confounders. The IL17RA rs4819554 GG genotype was negatively correlated with serum glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody appearance (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Increased serum IL‐17A, but not IL‐17F, is a risk factor for autoimmune T1D. The GG genotype of IL17RA rs4819554 might decrease the risk for autoimmune T1D.
Microclimate predicts kelp forest extinction in the face of direct and indirect marine heatwave effects
Authors: Starko Samuel , Neufeld Christopher J. , Gendall Lianna , Timmer Brian , Campbell Lily , Yakimishyn Jennifer , Druehl Louis , Baum Julia K.
Published: May 2022

Marine heatwaves threaten the persistence of kelp forests globally. However, the observed responses of kelp forests to these events have been highly variable on local scales. Here, we synthesize distribution data from an environmentally diverse region to examine spatial patterns of canopy kelp persistence through an unprecedented marine heatwave. We show that, although often overlooked, temperature variation occurring at fine spatial scales (i.e., a few kilometers or less) can be a critical driver of kelp forest persistence during these events. Specifically, though kelp forests nearly all persisted toward the cool outer coast, inshore areas were >3°C warmer at the surface and experienced extensive kelp loss. Although temperatures remained cool at depths below the thermocline, kelp persistence in these thermal refugia was strongly constrained by biotic interactions, specifically urchin populations that increased during the heatwave and drove transitions to urchin barrens in deeper rocky habitat. Urchins were, however, largely absent from mixed sand and cobble benthos, leading to an unexpected association between bottom substrate and kelp forest persistence at inshore sites with warm surface waters. Our findings demonstrate both that warm microclimates increase the risk of habitat loss during marine heatwaves and that biotic interactions modified by these events will modulate the capacity of cool microclimates to serve as thermal refugia.
Considering the influence of land use/land cover on estuarine biotic richness with Bayesian hierarchical models
Authors: Shamaskin Andrew Challen , Correa Sandra B. , Street Garrett M. , Linhoss Anna C. , Evans Kristine O.
Published: May 2022

The composition of land use/land cover (LULC) in coastal watersheds has many implications for estuarine system ecological function. Land use/land cover can influence allochthonous inputs and can enhance or degrade the physical characteristics of estuaries, which in turn affects estuaries' ability to support local biota. However, these implications for estuaries are often poorly considered when assessing the value of lands for conservation. The focus of research regarding terrestrial and estuarine interfaces often evaluates how LULC may stress estuarine ecosystems, but in this study we sought to understand how LULC may both positively and negatively affect estuaries using measures of observed biotic richness as proxies for estuarine function. We investigated the influence of LULC on estuarine biotic richness with Bayesian hierarchical models using multiple geospatial data sets from 33 estuaries and their associated watersheds along the Gulf of Mexico coastal region of the United States. We designed the hierarchical models with observed species richness of three functional groups (FGs) (i.e., pelagic fishes, forage fishes, and shrimp) from fishery‐independent trawl surveys as response variables. We then set salinity and water temperature as trawl‐specific covariates and measures of influence from six LULC classes as estuary‐specific covariates and allowed the models to vary by estuary, trawl program, salinity, and temperature. The model results indicated that the observed richness of each FG was both positively and negatively associated with different LULC classes, with estuarine wetlands and forested lands demonstrating the strongest positive influences on each FG. The results are generally consistent with past studies, and the modeling framework provides a promising way to systematically quantify LULC linkages with the biotic health of estuaries for the purposes of potentially valuing the estuarine implications of land conservation.
First record of antipredator behavior in the gall‐forming aphid Mordwilkoja vagabunda
Authors: Legan Andrew Wesley
Published: May 2022

The gall‐forming aphid Mordwilkoja vagabunda has been an out‐group in molecular studies of the evolution of social behavior in the Pemphigus genus, but Mordwilkoja aphids have not previously been assayed for social behavior, such as altruistic defense. This study reports experiments carried out in July in Ithaca, NY, in which nymphs (immature aphids) of M. vagabunda were video‐recorded under a stereomicroscope while they encountered pyralid moth larvae in a plastic arena. Mordwilkoja vagabunda nymphs of all instars used their legs to claw moth larvae while pressing their rostrums against the larvae, possibly to pierce the cuticle. Many of the attacking aphids were alatoid nymphs, rather than the specialized first‐instar soldiers typically observed in Pemphigus species. Mordwilkoja vagabunda nymphs moved in bursts that sometimes became synchronized among several aphids in the same vicinity. These synchronized, rhythmic movements may be antipredator defense strategies comparable to the collective twitching and kicking response observed in colonies of Aphis nerii and other aphid species. Defensive behaviors by M. vagabunda nymphs may be altruistic fortress defense strategies, which maximize the inclusive fitness of the clone.