bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PELATIHAN BAHASA INGGRIS PARIWISATA DI DESA WISATA MELER
Authors: Menggo Sebastianus , Su Yosefina Rosdiana , Taopan Rizki Adiputra
Published: February 2022

Village tourism objects offer valuable assets that can be utilized by the village government in accelerating the welfare of the village community. The utilization of these assets cannot be separated from English communication competence. English competence has an effect on the quality of tourist services, particularly for foreign visitors. This service activity aims to improve communication skills in the English language of tourism and awareness of the essence of hospitality toward twenty-five persons in Meler village tourism. The service was carried out at the traditional house of Meler village and Meler tourist village cottage for four months (March - June 2021), once a week. The methods used to achieve this goal are lectures, question and answer, discussion, role-playing, demonstrations and personal presentation. The results show that the training participants understand the role of hospitality in tourism services and increase the fluency of communicating English in the tourism field.
PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN MENULIS KREATIF BERMUATAN PENDIDIKAN BUDI PEKERTI PADA GURU-GURU SEKOLAH DASAR MELALUI HYBRID LEARNING
Authors: Winarni Retno , Slamet St Y , Poerwanti Jenny IS , Sriyanto Muhammad Ismail , Yulisetiani Septi , Syawaludin Ahmad
Published: February 2022

This service activity aims to improve creative writing skills with character education for elementary school teachers through face-to-face and virtual training. The participatory method was used in this training to stimulate teachers to be active in practicing poetry writing both in theory and practice. Face-to-face meetings were held twice for theoretical training, while virtual meetings were held for practical training in writing poetry and presenting it. Based on the results of scoring the ability to write poetry in the posttest session, the classical ability in writing poetry was 84.90%, where at the pretest stage it was 70.79%. The results show that poetry writing training containing character education through a mixed face-to-face and virtual method (Hybrid Learning) is able to improve the ability of elementary school teachers in writing creative poetry types. The improvement in the poetry writing skills of the participants was seen in all aspects of writing poetry, including themes and meanings, the power of imagination, accuracy of diction, and the message.
PELATIHAN PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA 4.0 UNTUK MENINGKATKAN INOVASI PEMBELAJARAN JARAK JAUH DI SMP NEGERI 1 PAKIS KABUPATEN MALANG
Authors: Wahyuningtyas Neni , Adi Khofifatu Rohmah , Ratnawati Nurul , Nantana M. Gebryna Rizki , Sari Ninik Yustina , Dwi Rosita Febty Andini
Published: February 2022

Perkembangan abad 21 memberikan tuntutan dan tantangan pada pencapaian kompetensi siswa. Pencapaian tujuan kompetensi generasi abad 21 diterapkan dalam kurikulum 2013 berbasis Teknologi Informasi (TI). Perkembangan TI yang pesat memberikan dorongan terhadap kebutuhan media pembelajaran yang inovatif. Keterampilan guru dalam penggunaan TI akan memberikan pengaruh besar dalam proses pembelajaran digital di sekolah. Permasalahan yang saat ini sering terjadi tidak semua guru mampu mengoperasikan media digital dengan baik. Salah satu sekolah yang mengalami kesulitan dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring (jarak jauh) yaitu SMP Negeri 1 Pakis Kabupaten Malang. Sebagian besar guru disini merupakan guru sepuh yang mengalami kesulitan karena faktor usia. Metode pelaksanaan dalam pengabdian ini yaitu persiapan (analisis situasi dan kebutuhan), pelaksanaan dan evaluasi program. Peserta mendapatkan modul pelatihan untuk memudahkan dalam praktikum. Adapun indikator keberhasilan kegiatan ini dilihat dari respon positif peserta melalui evaluasi yang diberikan. Evaluasi kegiatan juga dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang diisi oleh peserta.Kata kunci: Teknologi informasi, Inovasi pembelajaran, Media pembelajaran
PENYEGARAN MATERI AJAR PECAHAN DAN PENDAMPINGAN PENGGUNAAN GEOGEBRA BAGI GURU SD DI DESA GUBUG TABANAN
Authors: Mahayukti Gst Ayu , Sukajaya I Nyoman , Sudiarta I Gst Putu
Published: February 2022

Tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan penguasaan guru dalam pembelajaran pecahan dan penggunaan Geogebra. Peserta pelatihan masing- masing diwakili 3 orang guru dari masing-masing SD di desa Gubug Tabanan dan 1 orang pengawas. Jumlah peserta pelatihan yang hadir adalah 16 orang terdiri dari guru sebanyak 15 orang dan 1 orang kepala sekolah. Kegiatan pengabdian ini dilakukan melalui 2 kegiatan yakni pelatihan dan pendampingan. Pelatihan dilaksanakan   melalui pemaparan materi pecahan dan Geogebra oleh narasumber, diskusi/tanya jawab, demontrasi penggunaan Geogebra dan pendampingan. Evaluasi dilakukan dengan tes dan proses. Hasil dari pelatihan dan pendampingani menunjukkan bahwa penguasaan    materi pecahan, meningkat jika dibandingkan rata-rata skor pretest dan posttest. Peserta juga sangat antusias diskusi maupun mengajukan pertanyaan dan memberikan tanggapan. Respon guru yang dijaring melalui angket tergolong positif. Dengan demikian kegiatan pengabdian ini tergolong berhasil.
PENGEMBANGAN WAWASAN WARGA SEKOLAH LABORATORIUM UNDIKSHA TENTANG SEKOLAH BERWAWASAN LINGKUNGAN DAN MITIGASI BENCANA (SWALIBA)
Authors: Astawa Ida Bagus Made , Budiarta I Gede , Treman I Wayan , Sarmita I Made
Published: February 2022

Environmental conservation in the context of global warming and Indonesia's geology located in the Pacific Ring of Fire area is the basis used to launch the Environmentally Insight School and Disaster Mitigation Program (SWALIBA) in Indonesia as a form of character education, especially in schools located in vulnerable areas. disaster. This program aims to create a young generation with character of love and care for the environment and understand how to respond to disasters. The Undiksha Laboratory School is geologically located in the Seririt Fault area which is very unstable so it is prone to earthquakes and tsunamis. In this regard, Community Service (PkM) is carried out with one of the activities being to provide SWALIBA insight to the residents of the Undiksha Laboratory School (Managers, Directors, Teachers, and Employees). Providing insight using the Education method with three stages (providing material, discussion, and evaluation) which is carried out online through webinars. The results of the service carried out showed that the SWALIBA insight of the Undiksha Laboratory School residents was classified as 'good' (Mean = 74.73). As a first step to developing the SWALIBA Program at the Undiksha Laboratory School, this good insight is needed, because it will be able to contribute to the development of the program to be designed.
Perhitungan Laju Reaksi Neutron Dalam Reaktor SCWR (Supercritical Water Reaktor) Model Perangkat (Assembly) Heksagonal Berbahan Bakar Uranium
Authors: Reafinola Sharen Herya , Yulianti Yanti , Syafriadi Syafriadi
Published: February 2022

Calculation of the rate of fission and neutron capture reactions with a filter and without a filter has been carried out using a hexagonal geometry model using the REACT code SRAC program. This research uses uranium-235 and uranium-238 as fuel. Calculation results The rate of fission reaction in material 1 and material 3 using a filter and without a filter increases with the increase in the percentage value of U235 enrichment. The highest value for the neutron fission reaction rate of material 1 without a filter is found in the second mesh with 1% enrichment, which is 3.0747x10-2 reactions/cm3s. Meanwhile, the rate of neutron capture reaction using a filter increases with the increase in the percentage of U235 with 1% enrichment of the 5th mesh, with a value of 9.8627 x10-2 reactions/cm3s. Then the unfiltered neutron fission reaction rate on material 3 increased along with the increasing percentage in the 5th 1% enrichment mesh, which was 9.4778 x10-2 reactions/cm3s. This is due to the increasing percentage of U235 enrichment in the fuel pin. While the rate of capture reaction using a filter on material 1 with a percentage of 1% of the second mesh has the highest value compared to the filter, which is 9.8181 x10-2 reactions/cm3s.
Perhitungan Burn Up Model Assembly Heksagonal pada Reaktor SCWR Menggunakan Bahan Bakarr Thorium
Authors: Puji Astuti Mey , Yulianti Yanti , Manurung Posman , Sembiring Simon
Published: February 2022

The research about the calculation of burn-up model of the hexagonal assembly in SCWR reactor using thorium as fuel materials has been done. This research uses thorium-232 and uranium-233 as fuel materials. Calculations were performed using the ASMBURN code in the SRAC program, by determining fuel enrichment, cell radius, analyzing atomic density after burn up, increasing burn up level, and change of linear heat. The calculation results obtained show the value of efficient fuel enrichment at 4% enrichment, with 0.3902 cm of fuel cell radius, 0.4508 cm of cladding, and 0.5586 cm of moderator. The atomic density of Th232 decreased for each burn-up period meanwhile, the atomic density of U233, U235, and Pu239 increased. The keff value will decrease along with the addition of burn-up and greater change of linear heat.
Ekstrak Daun Sawo (Manilkara Zapota L) Sebagai Inhibitor Terhadap Laju Korosi Baja AISI 1018 Dalam Medium Korosif NaCl 3%
Authors: Wulan Sari Riski , Suka Ediman Ginting , Karo Pulung Karo
Published: February 2022

This research aims to determine the effectiveness of sapodilla leaf extract (Manilkara zapota L) as inhibitor on AISI steel in corrosive medium NaCl 3 %. Specifically, the purpose of this research is to know the effect of the addition of 0%, 2% and 4% inhibitor concentration of sapodilla leaf extract and 3 days, 6 days and 9 days to the corrosion rate. To find out the corrosion rate resulted by weight reduction method with an inhibitor efficiency value of 59,2%. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) results show that the phase formed is pure Fe phase. The results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) show the presence of lumps on steel surfaces of various sizes which are the product of corrosion. This is reinforced by the results of energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) which shows that the increasing number of lumps on the steel surface leaves fewer Fe elements.
Analisis Pengaruh Variasi PH Larutan Acid Zinc Pada Sel Volta Dua Kompartemen dengan Elektrode Cu(Ag)-Zn
Authors: Pauzi Gurum Ahmad , Pratiwi Nilla Anggi , Surtono Arif , Suciyati Sri Wahyu
Published: February 2022

The research was conducted to analyze the effect of variations in pH of acid zinc solution in two compartment voltaic cells with Cu(Ag)-Zn electrodes on the value of electrical characteristics and the resulting corrosion rate. The Cu(Ag)-Zn pair is used to generate voltage and current in the cell with seawater electrolyte and zinc acid solution. The two compartments are lined with salt bridge made from mixture of Al2O3 (aluminum oxide), NaCl (seawater) 1 mole concentration dissolved in “tiga roda” white cement. The voltaic cell consisted of 5 cells arranged in series circuit, for each cell at the cathode (Cu(Ag)) containing ± 250 ml seawater and at the anode (Zn) containing ± 200 ml cid zinc solution which was varied with a pH of 4.5 and 6. The voltaic cell was measured with multitester every 1 hour for 3 days. Based on the research that has been done, it can be concluded that by using an acid zinc electrolyte solution which has a lower pH value, it will increase the value of the electrical characteristics and increase the corrosion rate produced by voltaic cell.
Pengendalian Laju Korosi Baja AISI 1018 Dalam Medium Korosif NaCl 3% Menggunakan Inhibitor Ekstrak Daun Ketapang (Terminalia catappa L.)
Authors: Nurini Ulfa , Suka Ediman Ginting , Marjunus Roniyus
Published: February 2022

This research aims to determine the effectiveness of ketapang leaf extract (Terminalia catappa L.) as inhibitor on AISI steel in corrosive medium NaCl 3%. Specifically, the purpose of this research is to know the effect of the addition of 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, dan 10% inhibitor concentration of ketapang leaf extract and 6 days to the corrosion rate. To find out the corrosion rate resulted by weight reduction method with an inhibitor efficiency value of 69,9%. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) results show that the phase formed is pure Fe phase. The results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) show the presence of lumps on steel surfaces of various sizes which are the product of corrosion. This is reinforced by the results of energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) which shows that the increasing number of lumps on the steel surface leaves fewer Fe elements.
Female Inferiority, Existential Representation, and Heritage: A Feminist Reading of A Jewish Saviour by Salmah Al Moushi
Authors: Al Shamali Nidal , M. Khrais Sura
Published: February 2022

Arabic feminist narratives have taken significant steps towards developing their unique narratives amidst numerous other discourses that attempt to confiscate their elements. The features constituting Arab feminist discourse have been numerous and varied, but narrative stereotypes and repeated disclosures almost dominated the general direction of Arab feminist narrative themes. Accordingly, this research paper adopts a non-stereotypical approach towards investigating the investment of feminist narratives in cultural potentials and the choices of experimentation. This paper stemmed from the following research problem: Have Arab women narratives been able, in some of their aspects, to represent cultural potentials and questions of experimentation in formulating their feminist discourse in a way that bridges the gap, both in form and content, between them and the overall Arab narrative? This study has taken A Jewish Savior (2016), a novel by the Saudi writer Salmah Al Moushi, as a model that examines the employment of heritage in framing female inferiority existentially through a non-stereotypical proposal both in form and content. This study has been surrounded by many pitfalls; hence, it seeks to evaluate the novel’s ability to overcome them in its capacity as a recently published feminist model. The novel will be analyzed from a feminist point of view with a special focus on xistential representation and ideology, olyphony and experimentation attempts, and textual transcendence and the cognitive employment of heritage.
In the Ethics of Strangers: Saul Bellow Drawing Boundaries of No ‘M’an’s Land
Authors: Marrouchi Ramzi , Saleh Alyahya Rimeh
Published: February 2022

This paper seeks to demonstrate how space in Saul Bellow’s Ravelstein (2000) and Humboldt’s Gift (1975) is acquainted with the metaphors memory, spiritual journeys and philosophical meditations. Space, in the Bellovian sense, is not local nor is it historical (real); rather, it is fictional, utopian and philosophical. By the “the Boundaries of no ‘M’an’s Land,” the researcher underpins the sublime ideals of Bellow’s mental space. By the term “strangers,” the researcher refers to Bellow’s intellectual heroes who are identified with the metaphors of space. In this concern, two fundamental questions are investigated: a) how should one argue for the idea that metaphors of space are related to memory, spiritual journeys and philosophical meditations? b) what sense can be given to the relationship between the metaphors of space and the ethics of strangers? To unmask these blind spots, the aspects of metaphors are firstly investigated. Second, the relationship between these metaphors and the ethics of strangers are examined. In the light of these primary findings, the conclusion which can be drawn is that the metaphors of space do not only epitomize the quality of American, cultural, aesthetic and philosophical discourse, but also draw imaginary homelands of “strange” intellectuals. Special focus will be given to Ravelstein and Humboldt’s Gift. Bellow’s other novels and short stories are deployed to support the thesis. The Kantian notions of human welfare and moral worth and the Hegelian assumptions of the phenomenology of spirit are key concepts to illustrate the analysis.
Race and Identity in Brit Bennett’s The Vanishing Half
Authors: Mohammed Moqbel Al Areqi Rashad
Published: February 2022

Race and identity transformation have been overarching themes in the works of African American writers. Brit Bennett’s The Vanishing Half (2020) is one fictional work that deals with identical twin sisters: Desiree and Stella Vignes. They are two light-skinned Black sisters who have chosen or rebuilt their identities based on the needs that allow them to live in peace among their communities. This study attempts to trace the importance of race and identity for the African Americans through exploring the lives of these twin sisters who leave their hometown. Through postcolonial critical concepts of identity and race, this research sheds light on the reasons behind the sisters’ decisions to keep or shed their Black identity, as well as their community’s influence on their decision to leave their hometown. This study found that the choices of race and identity the sisters made earlier in their lives identified their fate and established a path for their children. Desiree prefers to maintain her identity by marrying a Black man, and Stella sees her interest in marrying a White man and keeping her past hidden. Kennedy, Stella’s daughter with a White man, and Jude, Desiree’s daughter with a Black man, adhere to their parent’s beliefs regarding race and identity. However, Stella and Desiree still long for their origin and home, and ultimately, they gather again at home they left together.
Prismatic Identities or Authentic Selves? Elif Shafak’s Three Daughters of Eve: A perspective of Intersectional Feminism
Authors: S. Al-Zahrani Shuaa , M. Al-Sharqi Laila
Published: February 2022

Elif Shafak’s novel Three Daughters of Eve(2016), questions contemporary assumptions concerning women’s status in Islam and society. This study explores Eve’s daughters—Peri, Shirin, and Mona—to investigate how gender, religion, and culture overlap and stereotypes intertwine in the novel to create unique experiences, values, beliefs, and challenges in the lives of women. This study argues that Shafak’s inclusion of these overlapping aspects provides a basis for intersectional feminist discourse as a framework for understanding the complex nature of identity and self-understanding among women in the Middle East. The results of this study contribute significantly to the existing literature by demonstrating how the three females in the novel function as distinct self-identities through which Shafak negotiates assumptions of Western society about women and Islam. The study concludes that Shafak’s work, giving voice to her women elevates aspects of diversity and inclusion by revealing the various guises of discrimination against them and illustrating how these women find ways to project their unique voices and resist oppression.
The Mysteriousness of The Cultural Space in Peter Mayne’s A Year in Marrakesh
Authors: Saissi Mohammed
Published: February 2022

Peter Mayne’s A Year in Marrakesh (1953) places itself as one of the eminent Western travel narratives where the cultural space is constructed through a set of implications that glorify Western Orientalist ideology towards the Orient. Western travel narratives on this region of the world have always been loaded with tremendous representations where the constructed exotic plays a focal role. In his turn, Mayne declares his loyalty to this Western tradition given that his construction of the cultural space in Morocco is totally based on a strand of mysterious and exotic images. Therefore, this paper aims to locate the sites where the cultural space is mysteriously constructed within A Year in Marrakesh providing reasonable interpretations of such embodiment of the exotic. The main question here revolves around the assumption that the cultural space is taken by Mayne as one of the props on which the cultural otherness is contextualized for the sake of constructing the mysteriousness of Morocco. The qualitative methodology is used in this study as long as the ultimate aim is to deeply assess the extent to which the concept of Orientalism appears as a paradigm by which such construction takes place in the novel. The results of this paper highlight an Orientalist manipulation within A Year in Marrakesh by which Peter Mayne misrepresents the cultural privacy of spaces in terms of Hammam and Jamaa el-Fnaa.
Various Technologies used in Capturing CO2 and Manufacturing Cost of Microalgae
Authors: Yadav Govind , Badgaiyan Prof. Pankaj
Published: February 2022

The main goal of this paper is to investigate a variety of promising techniques for carbon capture from a variety of sources, as well as carbon capture from the atmosphere employing direct air capture (DAC) methods. Afterwards carbon dioxide has been recorded, it is used to grow micro algae. The evaluation is broken down into three sections: direct air capturing with liquid solvent systems, direct air capturing with solid sorbent systems, and microalgae manufacturing costs.
The Redesigning of Transformers Fins in Terms of Heat Transfer Rates
Authors: Sharma Vishwanath , Sharma Prof. Shashi Kant
Published: February 2022

Statistical and analytical research were carried out in order to optimize geometrical variables for organic convective heat flow from the Transformers tank, and several fin designs for transformers assembly were presented for geometrical optimization. The original rectangle, wavy, trapezoidal, as well as triangular fin geometries were used in the computational fluid dynamics research.
Holocene dynamics of a relict moss complex in the Korotovskoe mire (State Complex «Zavidovo», Russia)
Authors:   Main Botanical Garden of RAS, Nosova Maria B. , Lapshina Elena D. ,   Yugra State University, Notov Alexander A. ,   Tver State University, Ignatov Mikhail S. ,   Main Botanical Garden of RAS
Published: February 2022

The Korotovskoe mire in the National Park «State complex “Zavidovo”» is the only mire massif in the Moscow Region (Russia) where the postglacial relict complex of vascular plants (e.g. Betula humilis, Pedicularis sceptrum-carolinum, Saxifraga hirculus, Trichophorum alpinum) and mosses (e.g. Cinclidium stygium, Drepanocladus trifarius, Hamatocaulis vernicosus, Meesia triquetra, Paludella squarrosa, Scorpidium scorpioides, S. cossonii, Tomentypnum nitens) is maximally saved. This complex is typical for spring fens. We studied the main stages of the mire development during the last 10 000 years using the analysis of macroremains and radiocarbon analysis. It was shown that despite the instability of the water regime on the mire, minerotrophic mosses were found in the most peat layers. This fact confirms the stability of mineral water inflow during the early and middle Holocene. Meesia triquetra and Drepanocladus trifarius live on the mire since the Boreal period. During the Atlantic and Subboreal period (when the mire surface dried out) there was a very slow peat deposition and the mire was covered by trees, together with a decrease in minerotrophic mosses in the vegetation cover. Scorpidium cossonii, Hamatocaulis vernicosus and Drepanocladus sendtnerii emerge during peat deposits in the Subboreal period after the water regime restoration and the returning of swamp conditions. In the last 2000 years, the surface of the mire was covered by Sphagnum mosses. During the meso-oligotrophic stage of the mire development, mosses demanding a rich mineralisation remained in other parts of the mire, where conditions of rich mineral nutrition lasted longer. Limiting factors of this moss complex during the early and middle Holocene were light and level of mire waters, whereas, in the late Holocene, it was oligotrophisation of the upper peat layers because of a rapid deposition of organic matter. The complex of relict minerotrophic mosses currently existing on mires in the centre of European Russia can be considered as relicts of the glacial time, and, at the same time, as relicts of spring fens, which were more widespread in the early and middle Holocene and gradually having lost their importance as a result of autogenic succession. The obtained data indicate the great nature conservation value of the Korotovskoe mire massif.
AMPHIBIAN DISTRIBUTION ON DEGRADATED HABITAT IN PASIR BINTANG AND MANDURIANG DISTRICT GUNUNG RAYA WILDLIFE SANCTUARY AREA OF SOUTH SUMATRA PROVINCE
Authors: Yulistio Aditya , Dahlan Zulkifli , Hanafiah Zazili
Published: February 2022

Amphibian distribution on degradated habitat in Pasir Bintang and Manduriang districts of the Gunung Raya Wildlife Reserve, South Sumatra Province is caused by human activities, namely illegal logging and coffee plantations. Amphibians are one of the components that make up ecosystems that are very sensitive to environmental changes. This study aims to know the pattern of the amphibian species distribution on degradated habitat as a first step in conserving them. The method used is a line transect combination method with an encounter survey or Visual Encounter Survey (VES) with a time search of 3 hours in both aquatic and terrestrial habitats and the coordinates of the encounter are recorded. Trap by using a drift fence and pitfall traps at the affected location and also by using the interview method with the surrounding community and forest police. Determination of the distribution of amphibians is done by mapping the coordinates of the encounters that have been recorded using GPS with the help of the location of the coordinates on Google Earth into the amphibian distribution map. The results obtained are in the form of mapping the coordinates of amphibian encounters in the affected area. The conclusion of this study is the distribution of amphibian species in degradated habitat that have been encroached by illegal logging and coffee plantations are very few types and limited distribution due to habitat destruction and the small amount of food available.
DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF BIOPHARMACEUTICAL PLANTS IN PALEMBANG CITY
Authors: Ariyantini Meri , Antoni Mirza , Riswani R
Published: February 2022

Biopharmaceutical plants or medicinal plants are plants grown in the garden that have medicinal properties. The types of biopharmaceutical plants have been cultivated for more than 5 years and are managed by the people of Palembang City who are members of farmer groups and women's groups of biopharmaceutical plant farmers of galangal and lemongrass. Besides being consumed in a fresh form as a kitchen spice, it can also be processed as an addition to herbs, chips, and shredded galangal and can also work as a vegetable pesticide and fertilizer for plants. This study aims to see the prospects for the development of biopharmaceutical plants in the city of Palembang. The method used is a survey method, data collection is carried out directly through interviews using questionnaires. Data processing uses indicator analysis techniques based on, cultivation techniques and demand for biopharmaceutical plants in the last year, namely 2020 with 50 respondents, farmers of biopharmaceutical plants. The results of the analysis show that the survey of farmers' knowledge level of biopharmaceutical crops is 84%, cultivation technique capability is 78% and demand for biopharmaceuticals in 2020 will increase by 15% for galangal and 22% for dissolution in the previous year. Judging from the level of interpretation of the score of each indicator which is above 60% and the demand for biopharmaceutical plants has increased. That can be said the prospect of developing biopharmaceutical plants in Palembang City is promising.
The Geodetic Infrastructure of Ungheni District of the Republic of Moldova
Authors: Chiriac Vasile , Nuca Dumitru
Published: February 2022

Starting from 1999 a new geodetic reference system MOLDREF99 based on the ITRF97 and ETRS89 was established in Republic of Moldova. The realization of MOLDREF99 is the national GNSS Network with density about 1 point per 15 sq. km. However, this density is insufficient for large spectrum of applications (landslide and floods monitoring, environmental research, geohazard prediction, etc.). In 2011 national positioning service MOLDPOS was put on function with 10 permanent GNSS stations to provide real time positioning services. In order to improve the accuracy of digital terrain models along the Prut River the local quasigeoid model is necessary to develop taking in consideration GNSS/Levelling differences and gravity data. This article is focused on improvement of geodetic infrastructure of the Ungheni district in order to ensure precise and homogenous geodetic data interpretation along the Prut River for flood risk assessment and development of flood risk management plans.
Seismic Response of Three-Lobed Shape
Authors: Irimia Mihai
Published: February 2022

The paper deals with the three-lobed churches, the most representative creations of the ecclesiastic and monumental architecture preserved in the Carpathian-Danubian-Pontic area. Beginning with the fourteenth century, in Moldavia and Wallachia, the old wooden churches, often threatened by the fire, were replaced with stone or brick masonry ones. Unfortunately, strong and enduring earthquakes occur in this area. The stone and brick masonry, with clay or lime mortars, used for three-lobed churches, including their foundations and steeples, were often severely damaged by earthquakes. According to a legend, in the case of the Church of Arges Monastery, usually the damages occurred during the nights. To save the church, by the virtue of an old myth, the Manole Master has immolated his wife into one of the pronaos walls. By that occasion, the whole pronaos was enlarged and the church was no longer damaged. The later research has shown that by reshaping the pronaos, the relative positions of the weight center and the stiffness center have been reversed. Since then, that beautiful church, during its long service of 503 years, was never damaged again by earthquakes. The same happy fate has been experienced by the subsequent three-lobed churches which adopted the same enlarged pronaos.
Use of Limestone Blocks in Constructions in the Republic of Moldova
Authors: Doina-Cezara Albu
Published: February 2022

One of the most important problems in modern society is the problem of using natural, ecological, harmless products for humans. In construction, this problem is solved by selecting, combining and using natural, traditional materials for some geographical areas. The most widespread in the world, starting from antiquity, is limestone. The limestone block, the so-called „cotileț”, is a construction material that has been used in masonry for over 60 years on the territory of the Republic of Moldova. In this research is considered dynamic extraction of limestone blocks, are analysed existing excavations and its location, the limestone reserves in Moldova. The technical characteristics of the „cotileț” are studied, such as dimensions, density, water absorption level, softening coefficient and earthquake resistance. At the same time, the existing buildings on the territory of the Republic of Moldova were examined and the characteristics of those built of limestone blocks were highlighted.
Shear Lag and Local Buckling Interaction in Orthotropic Deck of Steel Bridges
Authors: Moga Cătălin , Fenesan Crina , Suciu Mircea
Published: February 2022

The term of shear lag is related to the discrepancies between the approximate theory of the bending of beams and their real behaviour, and it refers to the increases of the bending stresses near the flange-to-web junctions, and the corresponding decreases in the flange stresses away from these junctions.

In the case of wide flanges of plated structures, shear lag caused by shear strains, which are neglected in the conventional theory, may be taken into account by a reduced flange width concentrated along the webs of the steel girders.

The effects of the shear lag, plate buckling and interaction of both effects should be taken into account at the ultimate, serviceability or fatigue limit states in the design of structures with wide flanges.

In EN 1993-1-5, the concept of taking shear lag into account is based on the effectives width of the flange which is defined in order to have the same total normal force in the gross flange subjected to the real transverse stress distribution as the effective flange subjected to a uniform stress.

Some aspects concerning the shear lag phenomenon and a design example of effectives width calculation and the shear lag effects for a steel pedestrian bridge deck are presented in this paper.
The Importance of Entrepreneurial Management in the Civil Construction Branch
Authors: Rusu Radu , Bejuşcă Andrei , Șerbănoiu Ion
Published: February 2022

Entrepreneurship can be defined as a complex process through which a series of resources are mobilized in order to exploit and capitalize on business opportunities and ideas, constituting one of the most important factors that bring a big contribution to the economic growth. The whole mechanism is set in motion by an entrepreneur, represented by individuals or groups, who by assuming in the decision making, innovation and creativity, aim to obtain the maximum profit with a minimum financial effort. The profile of the ideal entrepreneur, either an individual or an organization, is shaped by a series of qualities, including the ability to assume and lead, the capacity for intense effort over long periods, the speed of reactions and the speed of decisions, the efficient organization of work. The efficiency of the entrepreneur’s decisions and activity can be improved by applying an entrepreneurial management system, in order to identify and capitalize the business opportunities.
Notes About Crushing Sand from Bituminous Schist
Authors: Hanganu Dumitru-Dragos
Published: February 2022

People have used sand and stone for foundations for thousands of years. Significant refinement of the production and use of aggregate occurred during the Roman Empire, which used aggregate to build its vast network of roads and aqueducts. The invention of concrete, which was essential to architecture utilizing arches, created an immediate, permanent demand for construction aggregates.

Construction aggregate, or simply “aggregate”, is a broad category of coarse to medium grained particulate material used in construction, including sand, gravel, crushed stone, slag, recycled concrete and geosynthetic aggregates. Aggregates are the most mined materials in the world. Aggregates are a component of composite materials such as concrete and asphalt concrete; the aggregate serves as reinforcement to add strength to the overall composite material. Due to the relatively high hydraulic conductivity value as compared to most soils, aggregates are widely used in drainage applications such as foundation and French drains, septic drain fields, retaining wall drains, and roadside edge drains. Aggregates are also used as base material under foundations, roads, and railroads. In other words, aggregates are used as a stable foundation or road/rail base with predictable, uniform properties (e.g. to help prevent differential settling under the road or building), or as a low-cost extender that binds with more expensive cement or asphalt to form concrete.

Preferred bituminous aggregate sizes for road construction are given in EN 13043 as d/D (where the range shows the smallest and largest square mesh grating that the particles can pass). The same classification sizing is used for larger armour stone sizes in EN 13383, EN 12620 for concrete aggregate, EN 13242 for base layers of road construction and EN 13450 for railway ballast.

Aggregates themselves can be recycled as aggregates. Unlike deposits of sand and gravel or stone suitable for crushing into aggregate, which can be anywhere and may require overburden removal and/or blasting, “deposits” of recyclable aggregate tend to be concentrated near urban areas, and production from them cannot be raised or lowered to meet demand for aggregates. Supply of recycled aggregate depends on physical decay of structures and their demolition. The recycling plant can be fixed or mobile; the smaller capacity mobile plant works best for asphalt-aggregate recycling. The material being recycled is usually highly variable in quality and properties.
Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy and Its Role in the Characterization of Biological Cells
Authors: Schreiner Thomas Gabriel , Adam Maricel
Published: February 2022

Broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) is a method of characterizing matter from the perspective of its dielectric parameters, which varies depending on the frequency of the applied electromagnetic field. During recent years, along with its many uses, there has been an increase in interest in the use of the method in biomedical fields, especially for the characterization of normal and tumor cells. In this context, this review aims to address in the first part the theoretical bases and mathematical models that explain the principle of operation of the broadband spectroscope. Subsequently, the advantages and limitations of the method are detailed, including the difficulties that the researcher may encounter in the case of working with living cells. Finally, the most important scientific results obtained on normal and pathological cell cultures are presented, possible future research directions being suggested.
Digital Communication Links Cooperating with the Analog 4-20 mA Standard for Marine Applications
Authors: Abotaleb Mostafa , Mindykowski Janusz , Dudojc Boleslaw , Masnicki Romuald
Published: February 2022

The maritime industry makes a significant contribution to the globalized economy. One of the most important parts of the maritime industry is transport. Maritime transport by ships is the dominant means of transport for industrial products and food. Modern ships are increasingly automated. A characteristic feature of automation systems is the use of distributed monitoring and control systems with large distances between field devices and controllers. Among many methods of signal transmission, both in measurement and control, the dominant role in related to continuous signals is played by the two-wire 4-20 mA current standard. Despite its advantages, this standard has limitations mainly due to one-way transmission of information representing one measurement quantity. Programmable transducers are an alternative to analogue solutions. This carried out research concentrates on the full assessment of the properties of the considered methods of information transmission used so far with particular reference to the two-wire 4-20 mA standard. This assessment also takes into account the negative factors characterizing the sea-going ships, such as environmental conditions or problems resulting from the use of an isolated power grid. Additionally, a description of the available digital methods used for communication in ship automation systems will be presented. Firstly, description will be provided for HART protocol (Highway Addressable Remote Transducer), Foundation Fieldbus, Profibus PA and Modbus as communication protocols adopted by modern smart transducers as alternatives for classical analogue 4-20 mA transducers. Moreover, serial communication interfaces such as RS232, RS422 and RS485 will be discussed as means of communication between automation stations. In order to demonstrate the positive contribution for smart transmitters in measurement and control process, an experimental research has been conducted at the laboratories of Gdynia Maritime University, results of which will be discussed in detail in this article. Eventually, illustration will be provided for tank level measurement systems on a commercial ship as an example for measurement and control system mainly based on classical 4-20 mA current signal. Description will be provided for the problems associated with the system and their causes. Based on the conducted discussions, there will be recommendations of suggested solutions for such problems.
Preprocessing Methods for GC-IMS Image Analysis
Authors: Condaragiu Simona , Lucanu Nicolae , Lebhardt Philipp , Langejuergen Jens , Ciocoiu Iulian B.
Published: February 2022

The paper presents a cascade of preprocessing procedures aiming at enhancing the quality of images generated by gas-chromatography ion mobility spectrometers (GC-IMS). The methods successfully eliminate the Reactant Ion Peak (RIP) lines, while additionally filtering out noisy components. The resulting images enable better localization and matching of the peaks associated with the presence of distinct analytes in the samples under study.
Aspects Regarding the Use of Electronic Power Devices in Power Grid
Authors: Atănăsoaei Marian , Adam Maricel , Andrusca Mihai , Dragomir Alin , Deac Cosmin Nistor
Published: February 2022

Custom power devices are generally used to power sensitive consumers who need higher energy quality. This paper will exemplify some of the custom power devices used in distribution networks. The case study will highlight the solid-state current limiter effects on an electrical network by simulating a medium voltage network. By installing a solid-state current limiter, the value of the short-circuit current decreases; thus, the electrodynamic forces and thermal stresses supported by the components of the electrical network are reduced.
Insulin receptor substrate 1 gene variations and lipid profile characteristics in the type 2 diabetic patients with comorbid obesity and chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Marushchak Mariya , Hevko Uliana , Krynytska Inna
Published: February 2022

Objective. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of diseases that develops in a setting of polymorbid processes or more often promotes their development, forming in this spectrum the phenomenon of comorbidity. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the lipid panel data in T2DM patients with comorbid obesity and chronic pancreatitis (CP) taking into account the C/A polymorphism of the insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) gene (rs2943640).

Methods. The study involved 34 T2DM patients and 10 healthy individuals. The rs2943640 IRS1 gene polymorphism was genotyped using the TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Blood serum lipid panel data were determined with commercially available kits on a Cobas 6000 analyzer.

Results. In patients with only T2DM and T2DM + comorbid obesity, an association between IRS1 gene polymorphism (rs2943640) and lipid profile abnormalities with maximum changes of the lipid characteristics recorded in C/C genotype carriers was found. Within the C/C genotype of the IRS1 gene (rs2943640) in type 2 diabetic patients with comorbid obesity and CP, significantly lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and significantly higher levels of triglycerides (TG), non-HDL-C and remnant cholesterol (RC) in relation to type 2 diabetic patients with comorbid obesity were found. At the same time, within the C/A genotype of the IRS1 gene (rs2943640), significant changes of lipid panel data were found in type 2 diabetic patients with comorbid obesity relative to the control group (p<0.001).

Conclusions. Our data indicate that the presence of the C allele of IRS1 gene (rs2943640) in both homozygous and heterozygous states may indicate increased risk of dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetic patients with comorbidities.
Predictive value of the glycated albumin versus glycosylated hemoglobin in follow-up of glucose homeostasis in hemodialysis-maintained type-2 diabetic patients
Authors: Ahmed Elham , El Zahraa Sayed Bokhary Fatma , Ismail Samar , Mahmoud Abd El Hameed Waleed
Published: February 2022

Objectives. Markers for glucose control in hemodialysis patients (HDP) are debated. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c%) relies on the stable red blood cell survival. Albumin turnover is faster than hemoglobin. Glycated albumin (GA%) may be used as an index of short-term glycemic control. The predictive value of GA% versus HbA1c% in monitoring the glucose homeostasis in type-2 diabetic HDP is studied.

Methods. Forty type-2 diabetic HDP and 20 healthy non diabetic subjects matched age and sex as a control group were included. Calculation of body mass index and Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and urea reduction ratio were done. Glycosylated hemoglobin, glycated albumin, fasting blood glucose, insulin, total lipid, kidney and liver functions tests, hepatitis markers, electrolytes, complete blood count, and international normalized ratio were performed. Patients were followed up after 6 months.

Results. The study showed that GA% is more sensitive than HbA1c%, but less specific in the follow-up of the glucose homeostasis in type-2 diabetic HDP. Diagnostic accuracy is higher in HbA1c% than in GA%. HOMA-IR is superior regarding the sensitivity and the diagnostic accuracy.

Conclusion. The present data show that GA% is more sensitive than HbA1c% and has more diagnostic accuracy in the follow-up of the glucose homeostasis in type-2 diabetic HDP.
Exercise training improves memory and produces changes in the adrenal gland morphology in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Hafedh Muthanna , Parnow Abdolhossein
Published: February 2022

Objective. The present study sought to verify the effects of an exercise training on the memory along with the morphological assessment of the adrenal gland tissue in the rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).

Methods. Female Lewis rats were randomly divided into three groups: EAE group, EAE group with exercise (EAE+Ex), and control group (CO). Each group contained 10 rats. To evaluate the memory, all rats were subjected to the Morris water maze learning test for four consecutive days and one day for a prop test. EAE was induced by guinea pig spinal cord homogenate emulsified in incomplete Freund’s adjuvant and heat-mycobacterium. The exercise training on a motorized treadmill was initiated 3 weeks before EAE induction and disconnected 2 weeks post-induction.

Results. We found that exercise training for five weeks produced an improved swimming velocity related to memory improvement in EAE+Ex group in comparison with EAE group, but not an incurable adrenal gland tissue after EAE induction.

Conclusions. The experimental design selected for this study appears to be an effective treatment for memory in rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
The impact of glutamine deprivation on the expression of MEIS3, SPAG4, LHX1, LHX2, and LHX6 genes in ERN1 knockdown U87 glioma cells
Authors: Krasnytska Dariia A. , Khita Olena O. , Tsymbal Dariia O. , Luzina Olha Y. , Cherednychenko Anastasiia A. , Kozynkevich Halyna E. , Bezrodny Borys H. , Minchenko Dmytro O.
Published: February 2022

Objective. The aim of the current study was to investigate the expression of genes encoded homeobox proteins such as MEIS3 (Meis homeobox 3), SPAG4 (sperm associated antigen 4), LHX1 (LIM homeobox 1), LHX2, and LHX6 in U87 glioma cells in response to glutamine deprivation in control glioma cells and cells with knockdown of ERN1 (endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1), the major pathway of the endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling, for evaluation of a possible dependence on the expression of these important regulatory genes from glutamine supply and ERN1 signaling.

Methods. The expression level of MEIS3, SPAG4, LHX, LHX2, and LHX6 genes was studied by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction in control U87 glioma cells (transfected by vector) and cells with ERN1 knockdown after exposure to glutamine deprivation.

Results. It was shown that the expression level of MEIS3 and LHX1 genes was up-regulated in control glioma cells treated by glutamine deprivation. At the same time, the expression level of three other genes (LHX2, LHX6, and SPAG4) was down-regulated. Furthermore, ERN1 knockdown significantly modified the effect of glutamine deprivation on LHX1 gene expression in glioma cells, but did not change significantly the sensitivity of all other genes expression to this experimental condition.

Conclusion. The results of this investigation demonstrate that the exposure of U87 glioma cells under glutamine deprivation significantly affected the expression of all genes studied encoding the homeobox proteins and that this effect of glutamine deprivation was independent of the endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling mediated by ERN1, except LHX1 gene.