bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Habermas on Social Labor and Communicative Action
Authors: Fleming Marie
Published: November 2019

In contemporary philosophy and social theory, Harbermas's theory of communicative action stands indisputably for a modernity enlightened about itself and its potential. Yet, however much he professes his commitment to universalist ideals of inclusiveness and equality, his influential theory is also marked by disquieting statements on matters of gender. I argue that the problem of gender in Habermas's theory can be traced to his attempt to rework the Marxian tradition of historical materialism. I do so by (a) discussing Habermas's proposal for reconstructing this tradition, and (b) examining the system/lifeworld distinction on which the theory of communicative action is based. Regarding (a), I direct attention to his argument that the Marxian concept of social labor cannot account for the specifically human form of reproducing life; a theory of social evolution and historical progress requires equal recognition of socialization processes and the moral-practical insight transmitted through those processes. I show that Habermas attributes a special value to the "female" labor of socialization and that he conceptualizes such labor as outside "social" labor. Regarding (b), I argue that while Habermas's system/lifeworld distinction in the context of historical materialism makes possible a more complex interpretation of Marx and Engels understanding of the basic components of social labor, his theory of communicative action-like his proposal for reconstructing historical materialism-reproduces the Marxian exclusion of "female" labor from social labor.
Moral Implications of the Battered Woman Syndrome
Authors: Scholz Sally J.
Published: November 2019

The Battered Woman Syndrome, like the Cycle Theory of Violence, helps to illuminate the situation of the person victimized by domestic violence. However, it may also contribute to the violence of the battering situation. In this paper, I explore some of the implications of the Battered Woman Syndrome for domestic violence cases wherein an abused woman kills her abuser. I begin by delineating some of the circumstances of a domestic violence situation. I then discuss the particular moral issue of subjectivity or moral personhood involved in instances wherein a woman victimized by domestic violence responds by killing her batterer. Finally, I argue that the Battered Woman Syndrome and similar alternatives to or qualifications of self-defense are problematic because they strip a woman of her moral subjectivity. I conclude with a brief articulation of a proposal for reform of the criminal justice system specifically aimed at cases wherein there has been a long history of abuse or violence. This reform is unique because it does not rely on a separate standard of reasonableness particular to battered women, but arises out of consideration of the moral implications of legal proceedings involving domestic violence.
Déficit ou diferença? um estudo sobre o autismo em pesquisas educacionais
Authors: Wuo Andrea Soares , Yaedu Fabiana Batista , Wayszceyk Sheila
Published: November 2019

O autismo foi identificado por volta de 1940 e desde essa época sua abordagem pauta-se em critérios diagnósticos que o explicam a partir de dificuldades, déficits ou atrasos, de acordo com o modelo médico. A partir dos anos 2000, surgem outros modos de pensar o autismo, como o movimento da neurodiversidade, com o intuito de superar as dicotomias entre o normal e o patológico e compreender o autismo como diferença. Com base nos estudos críticos sobre o autismo, este artigo buscou identificar, por meio de revisão de literatura, as explicações sobre autismo em teses e dissertações sobre inclusão escolar, produzidas entre 2008 e 2018.  Foram encontradas 106 produções, 53 relacionadas à área da educação e 22 que compuseram o corpus desse artigo. As pesquisas foram categorizadas a partir de dois modelos: médico e crítico. Os resultados revelam que a maioria dos estudos se orienta pelo modelo médico e, dentre aqueles que se inserem na categoria “modelo crítico”, as explicações perpassam diferentes abordagens teóricas, como a fenomenologia, a psicologia histórico-cultural e a psicanálise.  Analisar as pesquisas trouxe uma multiplicidade de narrativas sobre o autismo e a percepção de que cabe romper com a naturalização dos discursos e a hierarquização das ciências naturais sobre as humanas, garantindo reconhecimento do outro como sujeito de direito e ator social.
LE PARADIGME INCLUSIF À TRAVERS LE PRISME DES RAPPORTS SOCIAUX INÉGALITAIRES
Authors: Goyer Renaud , Borri-Anadon Corina
Published: November 2019

Cette contribution propose une réflexion théorique autour du concept d’exclusion et de sa mobilisation dans la recherche en éducation, et plus particulièrement sur les liens existants entre ce concept et le paradigme inclusif. Après avoir présenté une proposition théorique rendant compte des différents rapports sociaux inégalitaires permettant d’appréhender l’exclusion au sein du monde scolaire, une analyse de la place qu’occupent ces rapports au sein des différentes vagues historiques de l’inclusion scolaire permet d’avancer que le paradigme inclusif, au départ associé à l’intégration, s’est constitué en relation avec l’exclusion. En conclusion, il est rappelé que la dénonciation des rapports sociaux inégalitaires permet d’éviter que le paradigme inclusif ne se limite qu’à des changements cosmétiques ne servant qu’à reproduire le statu quo.
SIGNALER UN ÉLÈVE POUR RÉPONDRE À SES BESOINS PARTICULIERS OU SOULAGER LE SYSTÈME?
Authors: Noël Isabelle
Published: November 2019

Cet article porte sur le rôle de l’institution et de ses acteurs dans la construction des difficultés des élèves. Une analyse de contenu a été réalisée sur les fiches de signalement produites en 2017-2018 dans un canton suisse et demandant une mesure d’aide renforcée pour un élève. Les résultats suggèrent qu’un système de prestation directe à l’élève engendre un pointage voire une exagération de ses manquements pour obtenir la mesure, ceci afin de répondre aux besoins de l’élève, mais aussi aux besoins des enseignants confrontés aux défis liés à la diversité du public scolaire. Il apparaît ainsi crucial de repenser l’octroi et l’organisation des ressources afin de contrer certaines formes d’exclusion et de favoriser un système scolaire plus inclusif.
“Perderse en la ciudad” en Walter Benjamin. Explanación y desinencias
Authors: Gasca Salas Jorge
Published: November 2019

This essay theoretically reviews the different meanings and implications of Walter Benjamin’s phrase “ lost in the city”. To explain and investigate the different senses, a relationship is established between the city and certain categories that make theoretical exploration possible: poetic to inhabit, existence in rupture and a dialectical transcendence of sense, notions from which it is possible to construct a fundamental nexus. The in-depth review of Benjamin’s phrase is linked to the critique of capitalist modernity from a conception of the world à rebours and a historical-dialectic view proper to the thinker of the arcades of Paris.
Nitric oxide acts as a cotransmitter in a subset of dopaminergic neurons to diversify memory dynamics
Authors: Aso Yoshinori , Ray Robert P , Long Xi , Bushey Daniel , Cichewicz Karol , Ngo Teri-TB , Sharp Brandi , Christoforou Christina , Hu Amy , Lemire Andrew L , Tillberg Paul , Hirsh Jay , Litwin-Kumar Ashok , Rubin Gerald M
Published: November 2019

Animals employ diverse learning rules and synaptic plasticity dynamics to record temporal and statistical information about the world. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this diversity are poorly understood. The anatomically defined compartments of the insect mushroom body function as parallel units of associative learning, with different learning rates, memory decay dynamics and flexibility (Aso and Rubin, 2016). Here, we show that nitric oxide (NO) acts as a neurotransmitter in a subset of dopaminergic neurons in Drosophila. NO’s effects develop more slowly than those of dopamine and depend on soluble guanylate cyclase in postsynaptic Kenyon cells. NO acts antagonistically to dopamine; it shortens memory retention and facilitates the rapid updating of memories. The interplay of NO and dopamine enables memories stored in local domains along Kenyon cell axons to be specialized for predicting the value of odors based only on recent events. Our results provide key mechanistic insights into how diverse memory dynamics are established in parallel memory systems.
Stimulating the hippocampal posterior-medial network enhances task-dependent connectivity and memory
Authors: Warren Kristen N , Hermiller Molly S , Nilakantan Aneesha S , Voss Joel L
Published: November 2019

Successful episodic memory involves dynamic increases in activity across distributed hippocampal networks, including the posterior-medial (PMN) and the anterior-temporal (ATN) networks. We tested whether this up-regulation of functional connectivity during memory processing can be enhanced within hippocampal networks by noninvasive stimulation, and whether such task-dependent connectivity enhancement predicts memory improvement. Participants received stimulation targeting the PMN or an out-of-network control location. We compared the effects of stimulation on fMRI connectivity during an autobiographical retrieval task versus during rest within the PMN and the ATN. PMN-targeted stimulation significantly increased connectivity during autobiographical retrieval versus rest within the PMN. This effect was not observed in the ATN, or in either network following control stimulation. Task-dependent increases in connectivity within the medial temporal lobe predicted improved performance of a separate episodic memory test. It is therefore possible to enhance the task-dependent regulation of hippocampal network connectivity that supports memory processing using noninvasive stimulation.
Shifts in myeloarchitecture characterise adolescent development of cortical gradients
Authors: Paquola Casey , Bethlehem Richard AI , Seidlitz Jakob , Wagstyl Konrad , Romero-Garcia Rafael , Whitaker Kirstie J , Vos de Wael Reinder , Williams Guy B ,   NSPN Consortium, Vértes Petra E , Margulies Daniel S , Bernhardt Boris , Bullmore Edward T
Published: November 2019

We studied an accelerated longitudinal cohort of adolescents and young adults (n = 234, two time points) to investigate dynamic reconfigurations in myeloarchitecture. Intracortical profiles were generated using magnetization transfer (MT) data, a myelin-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging contrast. Mixed-effect models of depth specific intracortical profiles demonstrated two separate processes i) overall increases in MT, and ii) flattening of the MT profile related to enhanced signal in mid-to-deeper layers, especially in heteromodal and unimodal association cortices. This development was independent of morphological changes. Enhanced MT in mid-to-deeper layers was found to spatially co-localise specifically with gene expression markers of oligodendrocytes. Interregional covariance analysis revealed that these intracortical changes contributed to a gradual differentiation of higher-order from lower-order systems. Depth-dependent trajectories of intracortical myeloarchitectural development contribute to the maturation of structural hierarchies in the human neocortex, providing a model for adolescent development that bridges microstructural and macroscopic scales of brain organisation.
Mongol Mahdi in Medieval Anatolia
Authors: Brack Jonathan
Published: November 2019

The roots of the formation of a post-Mongol political theology that situated Muslim emperors and sultans at the center of an Islamic cosmos are found in the Ilkhanid court in late thirteenth- and early fourteenth-century Iran. This article investigates the case of the short-lived rebellion (1322–1323) of the Mongol governor of Rūm (Anatolia) and Mahdi-claimant Temürtash (d. 1327). It demonstrates how the discourse of religious reform was recruited to translate and support the claims of non-Chinggisid commanders to the transfer of God’s favor, thus opposing the Chinggisids’ heaven-derived exceptionalism. Exploring affinities with the Timurid appropriation of the mujaddid tradition a century later, the article argues that Temürtash’s rebellion signaled the early stages of the dispersion of a new political language that freed Muslim kingship from the restrictive genealogical and juridical Sunni models of authority .
Impact of molecular diagnostics and targeted cancer therapy on patient outcomes (MODIFY): a retrospective study of the implementation of precision oncology
Authors: Dang Michaël , Schritz Anna , Goncharenko Nikolai , Berchem Guy
Published: December 2024

High‐throughput genomic analyses are being implemented in clinical practice. MODIFY is a retrospective study of the first introduction of genomic profiling and molecular tumor boards in the country of Luxembourg. The primary objective was to assess whether patients derived a clinical benefit by measuring the percentage of patients who presented a progression‐free survival (PFS) on matched therapy (PFS2) 1.3‐fold longer than PFS on previous therapy (PFS1). A total of 94 patients were included. In total, 45 patients (53.57% of patients with successful next‐generation sequencing [NGS] analysis) were found to have an actionable mutation. Of these, 11 patients received the treatment recommended by the molecular tumor board, another 12 received best‐supportive care, and 20 were treated with conventional therapy. PFS2 and PFS1 data were available for eight patients. The PFS2/PFS1 ratio was ≥ −1.3 in 62.5% (n = 5/8; CI [30.38, 86.51]) of patients; three patients showed a partial response, and median overall survival (OS) was 7.3 months. Although the examined population was small, this study further supports evidence indicating that patients with advanced cancer benefit from molecular profiling and targeted therapy.
Directing Zn Growth with Biased Adsorption of Straight‐chain Molecules for Superior Zn Anode Stability
Authors: Wu Fangfang , Zhang Junkang , Ma Lu , Ruan Pengchao , Chen Yulong , Meng Shibo , Yin Ruilian , Shi Wenhui , Liu Wenxian , Zhou Jiang , Cao Xiehong
Published: December 2024

Aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs), which have attracted attentions in the field of energy storage, is affected by dendrites and side reactions of Zn anode, resulting in an unsatisfactory performance of AZIBs. Herein, we propose a biased adsorption strategy mediated by straight‐chain molecule (Scm) for stabilizing Zn anode. The dual polar termini of Scms guaranties securely anchor themselves in a parallel orientation upon the Zn anode surface. This provides a comprehensive coverage, effectively sequestering water molecules from the Zn anode and precipitating the formation of a water‐depleted electric double layer (EDL). Furthermore, the Scms selectively adsorb along the crystallographic planes, guiding the deposition of Zn2+. Consequently, the incorporation of these Scms successfully mitigates anode corrosion, HER, and dendrites. The Zn||Zn, Zn||Cu and Zn||V6O13 cells with Scms display significantly enhanced electrochemical performance, especially at elevated temperature of 60 °C. This work highlights the potential of cost‐effective, straight‐chain electrolyte additives for enhancing Zn anode stability.
Non‐Radical Mediated Photocatalytic H2O2 Synthesis in Conjugate‐Enhanced Phenolic Resins with Ultrafast Charge Separation
Authors: Zhao Chen , Li Haitao , Yin Yanfeng , Tian Wenming , Yan Xiaodan , He Jinlu , Chen Zhian , Ye Sheng , Liu Jian
Published: December 2024

It is essential for the development of highly efficient polymeric photocatalysts for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production. Nevertheless, the non‐uniform molecular structures and sluggish reaction pathway of polymeric photocatalysts lead to low conversion efficiency. In this work, we report sulfur‐contained phenolic resins with regulated conjugation for photocatalytic H2O2 production. Due to the substitution of sulfur for methylene in the phenolic resin structure, the conjugation degree of the material is adjusted, resulting in the formation of a built‐in electric field. This effectively enhances the charge separation capability, enabling charge carriers to react faster with substrates. Through in situ characterization and theoretical calculations, we have unveiled that the introduction of sulfur can modulate the reaction pathway of phenolic resin materials, enabling a dual‐pathway photocatalytic H2O2 production mediated by non‐radical species. Impressively, the sulfur‐contained resin photocatalyst showcases exceptional H2O2 production activity with a solar‐to‐chemical conversion efficiency of 1.4 % exceeding most reported systems, and generates 25 mmol m−2 of H2O2 under natural sunlight through large‐scale equipment. This work provides a facile strategy to separate the photogenerated electron–hole pairs of polymer photocatalysts to achieve efficient artificial photosynthesis.
Chemoradiation of locally advanced biliary cancer: A PRISMA‐compliant systematic review
Authors: Bisello Silvia , Malizia Claudio , Mammini Filippo , Galietta Erika , Medici Federica , Mattiucci Gian Carlo , Cellini Francesco , Palloni Andrea , Tagliaferri Luca , Macchia Gabriella , Deodato Francesco , Cilla Savino , Brandi Giovanni , Arcelli Alessandra , Morganti Alessio G.
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Biliary tract cancers (BTC) are rare and aggressive neoplasms. The current management of locally advanced or unresectable BTC is primarily based on chemotherapy (CHT) alone, linked to a median overall survival (OS) of approximately 12 months. However, international guidelines still consider concurrent chemoradiation (CRT) as an alternative treatment option. This study aims to review the current evidence on “modern” CRT for primary or recurrent unresectable BTC.

Materials and Methods

A comprehensive search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library to identify relevant papers. Prospective or retrospective trials reporting outcomes after concurrent CRT of unresectable non‐metastatic, primary, or recurrent BTC were included. Only English‐written papers published between January 2010 and June 2022 were considered.

Results

Seventeen papers, comprising a total of 1961 patients, were included in the analysis. Among them, 11 papers focused solely on patients with primary unresectable BTC, while two papers included patients with isolated local recurrences and four papers encompassed both settings. In terms of tumor location, 12 papers included patients with intrahepatic, extrahepatic, and hilar BTC, as well as gallbladder cancer. The median CRT dose delivered was 50.4 Gy (range: 45.0–72.6 Gy) using conventional fractionation. Concurrent CHT primarily consisted of 5‐Fluorouracil or Gemcitabine. The pooled rates of 1‐year progression‐free survival (PFS) and OS were 40.9% and 56.2%, respectively. The median 1‐ and 2‐year OS rates were 63.1% and 29.4%, respectively. Grade ≥3 acute gastrointestinal toxicity ranged from 5.6% to 22.2% (median: 10.9%), while grade ≥3 hematological toxicity ranged from 1.6% to 50.0% (median: 21.7%).

Conclusion

Concurrent CRT is a viable alternative to standard CHT in patients with locally advanced BTC, offering comparable OS and PFS rates, along with an acceptable toxicity profile. However, prospective trials are needed to validate and further explore these findings.
Lower Motor Neuron Facial Nerve Paralysis Following Recombinant Hepatitis B Vaccine Administration: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Ghouri Raza Gulzar , Naeem Hamza , Yousaf Mirza Rehan , Sohail Anam , Arshad Waqas , Basil Abdul Mabood
Published: December 2024

The Hepatitis B vaccine's safety profile is considered safe, but sometimes neurological complications, like Bell's palsy (acute peripheral facial neuropathy), can occur after its administration. A 35‐year‐old female doctor experienced left‐sided facial weakness and paralysis six days after getting the Hepatitis B vaccine. On examination, she had lower motor neuron facial nerve palsy. After excluding other causes, a diagnosis of Bell's palsy was made following Hepatitis B vaccine. She was treated with corticosteroids, antiviral medication, and physiotherapy, which led to a complete resolution over four weeks. Bell's palsy is still an uncommon potential side effect even though the advantages of the Hepatitis B vaccination exceed the risks. Further investigation is necessary to prove a conclusive link between the vaccine and its neurological side effects.
Effect of deep eutectic solvent on combustion characteristics of lignite under thermal treatment conditions
Authors: Wu Ping , Liu Jian‐Hong , Bi Hao , Zhang Shi‐Jie , Yin Jian‐Yong , Yu Yu‐Jie , Huang Rui
Published: December 2024

The substantial moisture content of lignite imposes considerable constraints on its deep processing and subsequent utilization. A deep eutectic solvent (DES), synthesized from choline chloride (ChCl) and zinc chloride (ZnCl₂), was used to upgrade lignite under thermal treatment conditions. The effects of the DES molar ratio and its addition on the physicochemical and combustion characteristics of lignite were systematically analyzed at 280°C. The results demonstrated that the moisture content of lignite decreased from 22.63% to 5.18%, and then to 6.05%, as the molar ratio of DES was adjusted from 1:1 to 1:3, with the addition of 3 g of DES. This suggests that a DES molar ratio of 1:1 is more effective for lignite upgrading. As the DES addition increased from 1 g to 3 g, the moisture content of lignite decreased from 9.19% to 5.18%. As the molar ratio of ZnCl₂ in DES increased, the maximum combustion rate (Vmax) and ignition index (C) of the upgraded coal sample gradually decreased, indicating that lignite upgraded with DES at a 1:1 molar ratio exhibited good combustion performance. The sample treated with 3 g of DES demonstrated the best overall combustion characteristic index (S = 1.8), optimal ignition index (C), and combustion index (Rj), when the DES addition increased from 1 g to 3 g. Compared to raw coal, the activation energy of the upgraded lignite was lower (Eₐ = 63.99 kJ/mol), indicating enhanced combustion reactivity.
Vascular Development of Fetal and Postnatal Neocortex of the Pig, the European Wild Boar Sus scrofa
Authors: Sobierajski Eric , Czubay Katrin , Beemelmans Christa , Beemelmans Christoph , Meschkat Martin , Uhlenkamp Dennis , Meyer Gundela , Wahle Petra
Published: December 2024

The development of the brain's vascular system is a predominantly prenatal process in mammalian species and is required for neurogenesis and further brain development. Our recent work on fetal pig has revealed that many neurodevelopmental processes start well before birth and proceed rapidly reaching near‐mature status already around birth. Here, we analyzed the development of neocortical vasculature from embryonic day (E) 45 onward (gestation in pig lasts 114 days) using qualitative and quantitative image analyses and protein blots. In all cortical layers, vessel volume from total brain volume at E100 resembled that of a postnatal day (P) 30 piglet. Endothelial cells expressed the tight junction protein claudin‐5 from E45 onward. GFAP+ and AQP4+ astrocytes, PDGFRβ+ pericytes, and α‐SMA+ smooth muscle cells are detectable near vessels at E60 suggesting an early assembly of blood–brain barrier components. The vascular system in the visual cortex is advanced before birth with an almost mature pattern at E100. Findings were confirmed by blots that showed a steady increase of expression of tight junction and angiogenesis‐related proteins (claudin‐5, occludin, VE‐cadherin, PECAM‐1/CD31) from E65 onward until P90. The expression profile was similar in visual and somatosensory cortex. Together, we report a rapid maturation of the vascular system in pig cortex.
Development of Vividness, Blackness, Depth, and Whiteness Scales Under High Range of Luminance Levels
Authors: Li Molin , Zhu Yuechen , Luo Ming Ronnier
Published: December 2024

Two‐dimensional (2D) color appearance scales, including attributes such as whiteness, blackness, vividness, and depth, are closely aligned with our daily experiences and are thus highly sought after. This article presents a psychophysical experiment utilizing the magnitude estimation method under four levels of luminance (10, 100, 1000, and 10 000 cd/m2). Observers evaluated both traditional one‐dimensional scales (brightness, colorfulness, and hue) and 2D scales (whiteness, blackness, vividness, and depth). The collected data were utilized to evaluate existing color appearance models, including CIECAM16, CAM16‐UCS, V*ab, and D*ab. Subsequently, new scales derived from the CAM16‐UCS model were developed to more accurately reflect the experimental data. These scales were further validated against independent data sets. The findings indicated that the scales developed from this study outperformed existing models when applied to external data sets. Moreover, Berns's scales for vividness and depth demonstrated strong predictive accuracy. Finally, four simple and accurate 2D scales are proposed.
Validation and Reliability of the Dyslexia Adult Checklist in Screening for Dyslexia
Authors: Stark Z. , Elalouf K. , Soldano V. , Franzen L. , Johnson A. P.
Published: December 2024

Dyslexia is a language‐based neurobiological and developmental learning disability marked by inaccurate and disfluent word recognition, poor decoding, and difficulty spelling. Individuals can be diagnosed with and experience symptoms of dyslexia throughout their lifespan. Screening tools such as the Dyslexia Adult Checklist allow individuals to self‐evaluate common risk factors of dyslexia prior to or in lieu of obtaining costly and timely psychoeducational assessments. Although widely available online, the Dyslexia Adult Checklist has yet to be validated. The purpose of this study was to validate this Checklist in a sample of adults with and without dyslexia using both univariate and multivariate statistical approaches. We hypothesised that the Dyslexia Adult Checklist would accurately distinguish between individuals with a self‐reported diagnosis of dyslexia (n = 200) and a control group (n = 200), as measured by total scores on the screening tool. Results from our sample found the Dyslexia Adult Checklist to be valid (Cronbach's α = 0.86), and reliable (sensitivity = 76%–91.5%, specificity = 80%–88%). Compared to the originally proposed cut‐off score of 45, given the higher sensitivity rate and negative predictive value, we recommend researchers and clinicians use a cut‐off score of 40 to indicate possible mild to severe symptoms of dyslexia when using the Dyslexia Adult Checklist.
Study on the Adsorption Mechanism of Hydrophobic SiO2 Nanoparticles: A Molecular Dynamics Study
Authors: Zhou Runnan , Wang Yuyuan , Zhang Dong , Ye Peng , Wei Jianguang
Published: December 2024

In recent years, with increasing global demand for oil and gas resources and continuous decline in conventional oil and gas production, the global development focus has shifted from conventional medium to high permeability reservoirs to low permeability and tight oil reservoirs. As a result, nanoparticles (NPs) have found a promising role in enhanced oil recovery as potential improved oil recovery agents in low permeability. Despite many experiments that have proved that nanoparticles can be adsorbed on the rock surface in a macroscopic perspective, the adsorption mechanism and the effects of molecular structure on the adsorption behavior of nanoparticles on rock surfaces remain scarce. Here, the fundamental phenomena involved in hydrophobic nanoparticles adsorption on rock surface and the effect of mineral composition on adsorption mechanism were elucidated by the analysis of molecular dynamics simulation. The simulation results show that water molecules could form two adsorption layers on both quartz and kaolinite surfaces. Hydration layer thickness of kaolinite is greater than that of the quartz surface. The solid/liquid interface hydration layer thickness of quartz–water system is approximately 0.71 nm, while the thickness of kaolinite–water system is approximately 0.75 nm. Furthermore, coulombic interactions are the main influencing factor for the stable adsorption of nanoparticles on the wall. Nanoparticles can only break through the first adsorption layer to absorb on the layer. Finally, wetting angle tests were conducted which indicated that SiO2 nanoparticles can be adsorbed on the surface and have a good wetting reversal effect. Our study highlights the adsorption mechanism of nanoparticles on a molecular level, which may help to promote the development of low permeability and tight oil reservoirs.
Forecasting the Realized Volatility of Stock Markets: The Roles of Jumps and Asymmetric Spillovers
Authors: Al Rababaa Abdel Razzaq , Mensi Walid , McMillan David , Kang Sang Hoon
Published: December 2024

This paper evaluates the roles of jump and sign‐asymmetry spillovers in forecasting the realized volatility in a large sample of 20 stock markets. We compare for the first time whether controlling for either the jumps or asymmetric spillovers into the heterogeneous autoregressive–realized volatility (HAR‐RV) model improves the forecasts over 1, 5 and 22 days. Before doing so, the spillovers predictors are generated. In analyzing the spillover process, we find that the US stock market remains the main net transmitter of shocks, and while China is relatively detached from the spillover linkages, such effects may be transmitted through Hong Kong, which is a significant receiver of shocks. The out‐of‐sample results reveal that the incorporation of jump spillovers improves forecast performance the most across a range of measures. This is more clearly demonstrated at the 22‐day forecasting horizon more notably in Europe, France, Germany, India, and the United Kingdom. Lastly, irrespective of the forecasting horizon, performing the predicting stability test uncovers significant improvements in the jump spillover–based model during periods of notable market stress such as the 2014–2016 oil price crash and COVID‐19. Overall, results suggest paying more attention to jump spillover while constructing international portfolios based on the realized volatility.
Time‐restricted versus standard‐duration immunosuppression after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: Results of the prospective randomized HOVON‐96 trial
Authors: Broers Annoek E. C. , Meijer Ellen , van der Holt Bronno , de Jong Cornelis N. , Nur Erfan , van Sluis Geerte L. , Choi Goda , van Gelder Michel , Maertens Johan A. , Kuball Jürgen , Deeren Dries , Visser‐Wisselaar Heleen A. , Meulendijks Lamberdina A. H. M. , Cornelissen Jan J. ,   the HOVON Stem Cell Transplantation Working Group
Published: December 2024

Cyclosporine A combined with mycophenolate mofetil (CsA/MMF) has become an established regimen for the prevention of graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) following non‐myeloablative (NMA) allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT). However, the optimal duration of immunosuppression (IS) has not yet been defined and overtreatment is of concern. We hypothesized that time‐restricted IS with CsA/MMF would increase the proportion of patients with non‐severe GVHD compared to standard‐duration IS, thereby resulting in reduction of the relapse rate and improvement of progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). In a prospective randomized, multicenter, phase III trial, patients were allocated (1:1) to standard or time‐restricted IS. A total of 389 patients were randomized, of whom 369 were transplanted (184 vs. 185 patients). The primary endpoint, the proportion of patients with non‐severe GVHD defined as acute GVHD grades I–II without gut involvement or chronic GVHD not requiring systemic treatment within 180 days posttransplant, was 23% after standard‐duration IS versus 24% after time‐restricted IS (odds ratio: 1.02; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.63–1.66, p = 0.92). The cumulative incidence of grade III–IV acute GVHD at 6 months posttransplant was not significantly different (14% vs. 18%; p = 0.20). The two‐year cumulative incidence of chronic extensive GVHD was 50% versus 46% (p = 0.62). There were no significant differences in the rates of relapse/progression, non‐relapse mortality, PFS, OS, and GVHD‐free, relapse‐free survival. Time‐restricted IS with CsA/MMF did not increase the proportion of patients with non‐severe GVHD, and secondary outcomes were not different compared to standard‐duration IS following NMA‐matched alloHSCT.
Living in the Minds of Others: How Pudor and Social Judgements Affect Women's Cervical Cancer Screening Uptake in Mozambique?
Authors: Fulane Gefra , Major Maria , Lorenzoni Cesaltina
Published: December 2024

Mozambique introduced its cervical cancer screening programme in 2009, but only 3.5% of the target women participate in screening annually. While previous research has focused on provision and access to service, and women's cognitive barriers to screening, this study explores the emotional factors, particularly pudor, that affect women's acceptance of screening. Using an institutional work perspective, we conducted an explanatory case study involving documental analysis and primary data collection through semi‐structured interviews, focus group discussions, direct observations, and informal conversations with 121 participants, including women, health professionals, and family members from Xai‐Xai in Southern Mozambique. Our findings reveal that pudor, an emotion tied to a deep‐seated sense of reserve rooted in patriarchal culture and masculine dominance, plays a significant role in limiting women's motivation to participate in screening. This emotion, shaped by social and cultural norms around privacy, intimacy, and sexuality, leads women to view cervical cancer screening as culturally unacceptable, often responding with attitudes emphasising modesty and avoidance. These findings underscore the importance of addressing emotional factors in health care strategies and considering the sociocultural context that influences health behaviours.
Spatio‐Temporal Variability of Hyporheic Exchange Processes Across a Stream Network
Authors: Glaser Clarissa , Gilfedder Benjamin S. , Zarfl Christiane
Published: December 2024

Hyporheic exchange processes (HEP) play a critical role in controlling riverine biogeochemical turnover and ecological functioning. Despite the expected scaling of HEP across stream networks, only limited knowledge exists about how HEP changes over the hydrological year and across the stream network. This study investigates spatial and temporal changes in HEP in a second‐ to fourth‐order stream network in southern Germany. We employed radon, an environmental tracer commonly used for quantifying HEP, to study the relationships between HEP and discharge. Numerical mass‐balance modelling was applied to quantify HEP, and we specifically focused on the hyporheic area (As) and the stream's cross‐sectional area (A). Our findings showed a decrease in As/A with increasing stream order, indicating changes of HEP across the stream network. The absence of a correlation of As with discharge implies that the scaling of HEP may be influenced by a combination of discharge and local heterogeneities in stream geomorphology. Temporal variability in HEP was observed over the hydrological year, with the highest variability in headwater streams. Lower As values were noted in headwaters during summer compared to the other seasons and coincided with an increased groundwater contribution to the streamflow and decreased stream discharge. Although neither stream or groundwater discharge were identified as driving factors for reduced HEP in the headwaters during summer, our findings suggest that hydrological processes that lead to decreased streamflow in headwaters may have influenced HEP further downstream in the stream network. This is evidenced by the larger As/A ratios observed in higher‐order streams during summer compared to other seasons. These findings highlight the necessity for comprehensive investigations of HEP processes over the hydrological year and across the whole stream network.
Salvage robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy with pelvic lymph node dissection for radiorecurrent prostate cancer in a patient with a previous history of rectal cancer surgery
Authors: Imasato Naoki , Yajima Shugo , Ogasawara Ryo Andy , Inoue Minoru , Hirose Kohei , Sekiya Ken , Kataoka Madoka , Nakanishi Yasukazu , Masuda Hitoshi
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Severe adhesions render salvage robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy challenging in the treatment of patients with prostate cancer who have previously undergone colorectal cancer surgery.

Case presentation

A 76‐year‐old Japanese man who had previously undergone low anterior resection for rectal cancer presented with an elevated prostate‐specific antigen level, indicating a recurrence of prostate cancer that had been treated with intensity‐modulated radiation and androgen deprivation therapies. During the salvage robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy with pelvic lymph node dissection, severe adhesions were noted between the posterior aspect of the prostate and the intestine. The adhesions were successfully dissected under digital rectal examination and transrectal ultrasound guidance.

Conclusion

Salvage robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy after rectal cancer can be challenging. The use of transrectal ultrasound and digital rectal examination can facilitate the procedure. Screening for prostate cancer prior to colorectal cancer surgery could potentially allow for simultaneous resections.
Design and Analysis of Microstrip Line Fed Gap Coupled Triple Band Slotted Patch Antenna for WiMAX, WLAN, and Sub‐6 GHz 5G Applications
Authors: Verma Ramesh Kumar , Bali Vikram , Kumar Akhilesh , Pattanayak Prabina , Prasad Ravi Kant , Singh Maninder
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a gap coupled triple band slot loaded microstrip patch antenna with parasitic patches. It consist inverted U‐shape and inverted T‐shape open‐ended slots along with a rectangular slot at center of patch. The inverted U‐shape open‐ended slot generates a driven patch at bottom side and an inverted U‐shape parasitic patch at middle side of patch while inverted T‐shape open‐ended slot generates two rectangular shape parasitic patches of same dimension at top side of patch. The proposed gap coupled antenna covers 2.29 to 2.77 GHz in first band, 3.25 to 3.65 GHz in second band and 4.67 to 5.72 GHz in third band with return losses of −23.2, −19.90, and −38.06 dB, respectively. The proposed antenna resonates at 2.57, 3.48, and 5.37 GHz with fractional bandwidth of 18.97% (480 MHz), 11.59% (400 MHz), and 20.21% (1050 MHz), respectively. The return loss and bandwidth of presented antenna is increases gradually by loading inverted U‐shape and inverted T‐shape open‐ended slots along with a rectangular slot in antenna patch. The proposed antenna exhibits stable peak gain of 4.45, 4.81, and 5.26 dBi and efficiency of 89.5%, 89%, and 90% in three resonating bands. The antenna resonating bands are applicable for WiMAX: 2.5/3.5/5.5 GHz (2.5–2.69, 3.4–3.69, and 5.25–5.85 GHz), WLAN: 2.4/5.2 GHz (2.4–2.484 and 5.15–5.35 GHz) and sub‐6 GHz 5G: 3.5 GHz (3.3–3.8 GHz). The size of antenna is 40 mm × 50 mm (0.34 ×  at frequency 2.57 GHz). The gap coupled antenna geometry is fed by microstrip line feed and simulated by IE3D simulation tool.
Powdered human milk‐derived versus bovine milk‐derived breastmilk fortification: A multi‐centre preterm randomised controlled trial
Authors: Berrington Janet , Johnson Mark , Garg Shalabh , Stewart Christopher , Lamb Christopher , Palmer Jeremy , Embleton Nicholas
Published: December 2024

Objective

To compare faecal calprotectin, plasma amino acids and clinical outcomes in preterm infants receiving powdered human milk‐based fortifier (PHMF) compared to powdered bovine milk‐based fortifier (PBMF) in preterm infants on an otherwise exclusive human milk diet.

Methods

A randomised controlled trial in infants <32 weeks of gestation or <1500 g who only received human milk and had reached full enteral feeds (150 mL/kg/day), without pre‐existing gastrointestinal morbidity. Primary outcome was faecal calprotectin within 21 days of starting fortification; secondary outcomes were calprotectin at discharge, plasma amino acids and clinical outcomes, including growth and neonatal morbidities.

Results

The trial stopped early after the manufacturer's withdrawal of PHMF. Thirty‐one infants were enroled, three without informative sampling, leaving 14 per group. No statistical differences were seen in faecal calprotectin on Day 7 (236 mcg/g PHMF vs. 303 mcg/g PBMF, p = 0.90) or 21 (135 mcg/g PHMF vs. 315 mcg/g PBMF, p = 0.21). Adjusting for gestation and day of life, and including all time points after enrolment to discharge, fortifier type did not impact faecal calprotectin (coefficient estimate −7.13, 95% confidence interval = −172 to 158, p = 0.93). Rates of key neonatal morbidities did not differ. PHMF infants grew more slowly reaching statistical significance in change in weight standard deviation score at discharge compared to PBMF infants (mean (standard deviation) −0.94 (0.7) PHMF vs. −0.24 (0.8) PBMF, p = 0.02).

Conclusions

We did not detect reduced gut inflammation as measured by faecal calprotectin in PHMF compared to PBMF but weight gain was slower, of potential clinical importance.
Effects of oligosaccharides, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and d‐allulose as a compound improver on the quality of sugar‐reduced bread
Authors: Xiao Zirou , Wu Shuang , Liang Hongshan , Li Bin , Li Jing
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

Growing public concern over the health risks of high‐sugar diets has led to a consensus on the necessity of sugar reduction. This research evaluated the effects of oligosaccharides (OS), sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMCNa) and d‐allulose as a compound improver on the quality of sugar‐reduced bread, aiming to assess the feasibility of substantial sucrose reduction at the same time as maintaining desirable bread characteristics.

RESULTS

Compared to bread with a 90% sugar reduction, the improved formulation increased specific volume by 50.14% and reduced hardness by 66.69%. It exhibited a homogeneous structure and crust color closely resembling that of full‐sugar bread. Low‐field NMR analysis revealed better moisture control, delaying water loss and starch retrogradation, with relative crystallinity and retrogradation enthalpy decreased by 45.31% and 59.96%, respectively. Additionally, the combination of XOS and d‐allulose boosted volatile compound production, increasing the abundance of aldehydes, esters and heterocyclic compounds, enriching the flavor with fruity and baked aromas.

CONCLUSION

The improvers enhanced the texture, appearance, flavor and storage stability of sugar‐reduced bread, yielding qualities that are comparable to or even surpass conventional bread. These findings provide a new insight for the development of quality improvers designed for sugar‐reduced bakery products. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Incomplete Resection Is Twice as Likely in Locally Advanced Mucinous Compared to Nonmucinous Rectal Adenocarcinoma: A National Propensity‐Matched Analysis
Authors: Hendrick Leah E. , Naffouje Samer , Imanirad Iman , Pereira Allan Lima , Biachi Tiago , Sanchez Julian , Dessureault Sophie , Stefanou Amalia , Dineen Sean P. , Felder Seth
Published: December 2024

Background and Objectives

Rectal mucinous adenocarcinoma (MA) has poor response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation (NCR) and higher involved radial surgical margin rates than nonmucinous rectal adenocarcinoma (NMA).

Methods

The National Cancer Database (2010–2018) was queried for adult patients with clinical stage II and III rectal cancer. Patients with MA and NMA treated with NCR and total mesorectal excision (TME) were identified. We sought to evaluate differences in pathologic downstaging and completeness of resection between MA and NMA rectal adenocarcinoma.

Results

We identified 13 294 patients, 12 655 (95.2%) NMA and 639 (4.8%) MA. After 3:1 propensity score matching for pathologic outcomes, 1707 NMA and 569 MA patients were included. MA patients had more involved distal (2.1% vs. 1.1%, p = 0.047) and radial (29% vs. 15%, p < 0.001) margins, and less pathologic downstaging (49% vs. 55%, p = 0.015). Among MA patients, minimally invasive resection had higher distal (2.1% vs. 1.4%, p = 0.65) and radial margin involvement (35% vs. 26%, p = 0.09) compared to open resection. Incomplete resection rates were similar between low anterior and abdominoperineal resection.

Conclusions

TME of locally advanced rectal MA treated with NCR resulted in nearly double the involved radial surgical margins compared to NMA. Operative approach should be carefully considered. Extended or extra‐mesorectal resection may reduce the risk of incomplete resection.
Uniform Macromolecules: Performance of Common Analytic Instruments in Detecting Impurities
Authors: Bohn Philipp , Frölich Maximiliane , Hahn Daniel , Schneider Rebekka V. , Meier Michael A. R.
Published: December 2024

Inspired by the highly defined structure of biomacromolecules, e.g. deoxyribonuleic acid (DNA) and proteins, the preparation and characterization of sequence‐defined and uniform macromolecules gained interest in polymer chemistry. With the development of various synthetic approaches, the challenge of analyzing and confirming the uniform structures emerged. Here, the investigation on the performance of common analytical instruments for the characterization of uniform macromolecules regarding impurities of ±1 in degree of oligomerization is presented. Thus, different mixtures containing oligomers differing in one repeating unit of oligo(ethylene glycol)s (OEG)s, oligo(phenylene ethynylene)s (OPE)s, and Passerini oligomers, respectively, are synthesized, and analyzed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR), size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and high‐resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR‐ESI‐MS). These results demonstrate the indispensability of a careful characterization using more than one technique for determining uniformity. In particular, the obtained SEC results show that it is a powerful tool for purity determination of low molecular weight oligomers.
Daily glucose variability is associated with intrahepatic fat content, β cell sensitivity, and biomarkers of glycolysis in youth with obesity
Authors: Barbieri Emiliano , Bonet Jacopo , Fox Delaney , Nelson Rafaela , Nelson Michael B. , Nelson Loretta , Fernandez Cristina , Van Name Michelle , Samuels Stephanie , Caprio Sonia , Sabati Mohammad , Galderisi Alfonso , Sherr Jennifer , Dalla Man Chiara , Santoro Nicola
Published: December 2024

Objective

Pediatric obesity is associated with insulin resistance, which, in turn, impacts glucose and lipid metabolism. This study sought to assess how glucose variability relates to intrahepatic fat content, β cell insulin sensitivity, and glycolysis in youth with obesity.

Methods

A total of 27 youth with obesity (11 girls, BMI percentile, median [25th–75th percentiles]: 99.0 [97.9–99.0]) wore a continuous glucose monitoring device for 10 days and underwent a 3‐h oral glucose tolerance test. β cell function was assessed using the oral minimal model, and liver proton density fat fraction was measured by magnetic resonance imaging.

Results

Average sensor‐derived glucose and glucose standard deviation (STDEV) and coefficient of variation (CV) were associated with liver proton density fat fraction (p = 0.0130, p = 0.0005, and p = 0.0028, respectively). First‐phase insulin secretion, basal insulin secretion, and insulin sensitivity were associated with STDEV (p = 0.0344, p = 0.0091, and p = 0.0031, respectively) and CV (p = 0.0128, p = 0.0012, and p = 0.0022, respectively). STDEV and CV were also associated with 2‐h glucose (p = 0.0067 and p = 0.0324, respectively) and plasma lactate (p = 0.0030 and p = 0.0123, respectively).

Conclusions

Daily glucose variability is associated with the degree of intrahepatic fat content, postprandial glucose, and plasma lactate concentrations.