bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Functional Group and Carbon Chain Length on the Odor Detection Threshold of Aliphatic Compounds
Authors: Zarzo Manuel
Published: March 2012

Odor detection thresholds (ODTs) are used for assessing outdoor and indoor air quality. They are obtained experimentally by olfactometry and psychophysical methods, and large compilations are available in the literature. A non-linear regression equation was fitted to describe the ODT variability of 114 aliphatic compounds based on the alkyl chain length for different homologous series (carboxylic acids, aldehydes, 2-ketones, esters, 1-alcohols, amines, thiols, thioethers and hydrocarbons). The resulting equation reveals an effect of the functional group, molecular size and also an interaction between both factors. Although the mechanistic interpretation of results is uncertain, the relatively high goodness-of-fit (R2 = 0.90) suggests that ODT values of aliphatic compounds can be predicted rather accurately, which is not the case for rigid molecules. This equation may serve as a basis for the development of more complex ODT models taking into account diverse structural features of odorants. The variability of power-law exponents was also investigated for the homologous series.
Acoustic Transmitters for Underwater Neutrino Telescopes
Authors: Ardid Miguel , Martínez-Mora Juan A. , Bou-Cabo Manuel , Larosa Giuseppina , Adrián-Martínez Silvia , Llorens Carlos D.
Published: March 2012

In this paper acoustic transmitters that were developed for use in underwater neutrino telescopes are presented. Firstly, an acoustic transceiver has been developed as part of the acoustic positioning system of neutrino telescopes. These infrastructures are not completely rigid and require a positioning system in order to monitor the position of the optical sensors which move due to sea currents. To guarantee a reliable and versatile system, the transceiver has the requirements of reduced cost, low power consumption, high pressure withstanding (up to 500 bars), high intensity for emission, low intrinsic noise, arbitrary signals for emission and the capacity of acquiring and processing received signals. Secondly, a compact acoustic transmitter array has been developed for the calibration of acoustic neutrino detection systems. The array is able to mimic the signature of ultra-high-energy neutrino interaction in emission directivity and signal shape. The technique of parametric acoustic sources has been used to achieve the proposed aim. The developed compact array has practical features such as easy manageability and operation. The prototype designs and the results of different tests are described. The techniques applied for these two acoustic systems are so powerful and versatile that may be of interest in other marine applications using acoustic transmitters.
Energy Analysis of a Biomass Co-firing Based Pulverized Coal Power Generation System
Authors: Mehmood Shoaib , Reddy Bale V. , Rosen Marc A.
Published: March 2012

The results are reported of an energy analysis of a biomass/coal co-firing based power generation system, carried out to investigate the impacts of biomass co-firing on system performance. The power generation system is a typical pulverized coal-fired steam cycle unit, in which four biomass fuels (rice husk, pine sawdust, chicken litter, and refuse derived fuel) and two coals (bituminous coal and lignite) are considered. Key system performance parameters are evaluated for various fuel combinations and co-firing ratios, using a system model and numerical simulation. The results indicate that plant energy efficiency decreases with increase of biomass proportion in the fuel mixture, and that the extent of the decrease depends on specific properties of the coal and biomass types.
A Laboratory Study of the Treatability of Synthetic Stormwater Under Varying Conditions Using Electric Arc Furnace Steel Slag
Authors: Okochi Nnaemeka C. , McMartin Dena W.
Published: March 2012

The investigation of electric arc furnace (EAF) steel slag as a viable add-on technology to existing stormwater systems for the removal of dissolved phosphorus (P) was extended to explore the effects of varying environmental and treatment system conditions. Parameters such as stormwater composition, P concentration, metal concentration, pH, temperature, slag mass and slag particle size were varied. Observations relating to the method of P removal via EAF slag were also carefully considered to explain removal mechanisms involved. Results demonstrated that, although physisorption contributed to P reduction, it was not the key P removal mechanism. Instead, precipitation was observed to be a key removal pathway as evidenced by the correlation between the loss of iron (Fe) from slag and the amount of P removed from solution. The reduced removal of P by slag in a copper-dominant stormwater solution was attributed to the formation of a stable complex formed by the interaction of copper with the slag via the ion-exchange surface model. The stability of this complex inhibits the loss of Fe from the EAF slag and, consequently, P removal by means of precipitation. In terms of the effect of changing environmental and treatment system conditions on the P removal process, stormwater composition, P concentration, metal concentration, pH, temperature, slag mass and slag particle size were found to significantly influence the effectiveness of EAF slag in removing P from a given stormwater system. It was also established that a number of combinations of these factors influence P uptake differently.
A Model for Breast Cancer Risk Based on Stem-Cell Theory
Authors: Narod S.A.
Published: March 2012

Recent studies of cells in culture and of mice models support the notion that the mammary stem cell is a precursor to the breast cancer cell 1–4. [...]
E-Manuscript Article Summaries *
Authors:   Current Oncology Editorial Office
Published: March 2012

Pseudocirrhosis is a rare form of liver disease that causes clinical symptoms and shows radiographic signs of cirrhosis, but that has histologic features suggesting a distinct pathologic process[...].
Medullary Thyroid Cancer and Pseudocirrhosis: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Harry B.L. , Smith M.L. , Burton J.R. , Dasari A. , Eckhardt S.G. , Diamond J.R.
Published: March 2012

Pseudocirrhosis is a rare form of liver disease that can cause clinical symptoms and radiographic signs of cirrhosis; however, its histologic features suggest a distinct pathologic process. In the setting of cancer, hepatic metastases and systemic chemotherapy are suspected causes of pseudocirrhosis. Here, we present a patient with medullary thyroid carcinoma metastatic to the liver who developed pseudocirrhosis while on maintenance sunitinib after receiving 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin (folfox) in combination with sunitinib. Cirrhotic change in liver morphology was accompanied by diffusely infiltrative carcinomatous disease resembling the primary tumor. We discuss the diagnosis of pseudocirrhosis in this case and review the literature regarding pseudocirrhosis in cancer.
Fine-Needle Sspiration Biopsy versus Core-Needle Biopsy in Diagnosing Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review
Authors: Yao X. , Gomes M.M. , Tsao M.S. , Allen C.J. , Geddie W. , Sekhon H.
Published: March 2012

Background: Lung cancer leads cancer-related mortality in the world. The objective of the present systematic review was to compare fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) with core-needle biopsy (CNB) for diagnostic characteristics and yields for diagnosing lung cancer in patients with lung lesions. Methods: The MEDLINE and EMBASA databases (from January 1, 1990, to September 14, 2009), the Cochrane Library (to Issue 4, 2009), and selected guideline Web sites were searched for relevant articles. Results: For overall diagnostic characteristics (benign vs. malignant) of FNAB and CNB, the ranges of sensitivity were 81.3%–90.8% and 85.7–97.4% respectively; of specificity, 75.4%–100.0% and 88.6%–100.0%; and of accuracy, 79.7%–91.8% and 89.0%–96.9%. For specific diagnostic characteristics of FNAB and CNB (identifying the histologic subtype of malignancies or the specific benign diagnoses), the ranges of sensitivity were 56.3%–86.5% and 56.5–88.7% respectively; of specificity, 6.7%–57.1% and 52.4%–100.0%; and of accuracy, 40.4%–81.2% and 66.7%–93.2%. Compared with FNAB, CNB did not result in a higher complication rate (pneumothorax or hemoptysis). No study has yet compared the diagnostic yields of FNAB and of CNB for molecular predictive-marker studies in patients with lung lesions. Discussion and Conclusions: The evidence is currently insufficient to support a difference between FNAB and CNB in identifying lung malignancies in patients with lung lesions. Compared with FNAB, CNB m ight h ave a h igher s pecificity t o diagnose specific benign lesions. Well-designed, good-quality studies comparing FNAB with CNB for diagnostic characteristics and yields in diagnosing lung cancer should be encouraged.
Re. Karam I, Melosky B. Response to Second-Line Erlotinib in an EGFR Mutation-Negative Patient with Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Make No Assumptions
Authors: Hirsh Vera
Published: March 2012

I agree with the statement in this publication that tyrosine kinase inhibitors (tkis) against the epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr) should be considered [...]
Increased Alpha-Fetoprotein Receptor in the Serum of Patients with Early-Stage Breast Cancer
Authors: Moro R. , Gulyaeva–Tcherkassova J. , Stieber P.
Published: March 2012

The alpha-fetoprotein (afp) receptor (recaf) is an oncofetal antigen found in most types of cancer. Using a competitive radioimmunoassay, we measured the concentration of serum recaf in three sets of samples. Set 1 was blind and consisted of 119 normal subjects, 43 breast cancer patients (stages i and ii), and 20 patients with benign breast conditions. In this set, the assay discriminated normal from cancer samples with a receiver operating characteristic for the area under the curve (ROCAUC) of 0.983; with 95% specificity and 93% sensitivity at a cut-off of 4.6 K (arbitrary) recaf units; and with 72% sensitivity and 100% specificity at a cut-off of 7.3 K units. At 7.3 K units, the specificity for benign breast conditions was 85%, and the sensitivity was 72% (ROCAUC was 0.773). Carcinoembryonic antigen and cancer antigen 15-3 respectively showed 39% and 41% sensitivity, with 95% specificity in comparisons of normal with cancer samples, and 34% and 44% sensitivity, with 85% specificity in comparisons of benign with cancer samples. Set 2 consisted of 353 normal, 30 benign, and 64 cancer samples (stages ii and iii). The recaf assay sensitivity in discriminating normal from cancer samples was 97%, with 97% specificity. Benign compared with cancer samples showed 87% sensitivity, with 97% specificity. Set 3 included only 40 normal and 40 cancer samples. The assay sensitivity was 89%, with 100% specificity. Sets 2 and 3 were not tested with carcinoembryonic antigen and cancer antigen 15-3. These results strongly suggest that the recaf assay could be used for detecting breast cancer in its early stages.
Cancer Control: Life and Death in an Unequal World
Authors: Sutcliffe S.B.
Published: March 2012

Cancer and non-communicable diseases (ncds) sharing common causal risk factors are not under control [...]
Current Research with Cochlear Implants at Arizona State University
Authors: Dorman Michael F. , Spahr Anthony , Gifford Rene H. , Cook Sarah , Zhang Ting , Loiselle Louise , Yost William , Cardy Lara , Whittingham JoAnne , Schramm David
Published: March 2012

In this article we review, and discuss the clinical implications of, five projects currently underway in the Cochlear Implant Laboratory at Arizona State University. The projects are (1) norming the AzBio sentence test, (2) comparing the performance of bilateral and bimodal cochlear
implant (CI) patients in realistic listening environments, (3) accounting for the benefit provided to bimodal patients by low-frequency acoustic stimulation, (4) assessing localization by bilateral hearing aid patients and the implications of that work for hearing preservation patients, and
(5) studying heart rate variability as a possible measure for quantifying the stress of listening via an implant.The long-term goals of the laboratory are to improve the performance of patients fit with cochlear implants and to understand the mechanisms, physiological or electronic, that underlie
changes in performance. We began our work with cochlear implant patients in the mid-1980s and received our first grant from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) for work with implanted patients in 1989. Since that date our work with cochlear implant patients has been funded continuously
by the NIH. In this report we describe some of the research currently being conducted in our laboratory.
The Ear Is Connected to the Brain: Some New Directions in the Study of Children with Cochlear Implants at Indiana University
Authors: Houston Derek M. , Beer Jessica , Bergeson Tonya R. , Chin Steven B. , Pisoni David B. , Miyamoto Richard T.
Published: March 2012

Since the early 1980s, the DeVault Otologic Research Laboratory at the Indiana University School of Medicine has been on the forefront of research on speech and language outcomes in children with cochlear implants. This paper highlights work over the last decade that has moved beyond
collecting speech and language outcome measures to focus more on investigating the underlying cognitive, social, and linguistic skills that predict speech and language outcomes. This recent work reflects our growing appreciation that early auditory deprivation can affect more than hearing
and speech perception. The new directions include research on attention to speech, word learning, phonological development, social development, and neurocognitive processes. We have also expanded our subject populations to include infants and children with additional disabilities
A COMPARISON OF FORECASTING THE RESULTS OF ROAD TRANSPORTATION NEEDS
Authors: Mrówczyńska Bogna , Łachacz Karolina , Haniszewski Tomasz , Sładkowski Aleksander
Published: March 2012

Determining the size and quality of transport needs would not be possible without adequate forecasting based on the sales volume or demand for this service from the past periods. Traditional forecasting methods use econometric models that may be subject to serious errors. The use of the methods taking into account the variability of the studied phenomena or more advanced mathematical methods enables to minimize the error. Various methods of artificial intelligence such as a neural network, fuzzy sets, genetic algorithms, etc., have been recently successfully applied. The aim of this paper is to compare three forecasting methods that can be used for predicting the volume of road freight. The article deals with the effectiveness of three prediction methods, namely Winter's method for seasonal problems – a multiplicative version, harmonic analysis and harmonic analysis aided by the artificial immune system. The effectiveness of prediction was counted using MAPE errors (main average percentage error). The results of calculations were compared and the best example was presented.
Modelado del transporte de As (V) en la capa de Nernst de una celda electro dialítica
Authors: Ibáñez J. P. , Aracena A. , Cifuentes C.
Published: March 2012

Se describe el transporte de oxianiones de As (V) a través de la capa límite generada entre el seno de un electrólito ácido de As (V) y la superficie de una membrana de intercambio aniónico durante un proceso discontinuo de electro diálisis sin agitación, para lo cual se adaptó un modelo desarrollado para describir el transporte catiónico de Cu (II) en la capa de Nernst bajo las mismas condiciones hidrodinámicas y de potencial eléctrico. El flujo de oxianiones se describe en términos de la diferencia entre el número de transporte de los oxianiones de As (V) en la capa límite (modelado) y en la membrana en función de la densidad de corriente aplicada. El modelo converge a los datos experimentales cuando el número de transporte en la capa límite es de 1,5X10-4 y 1,5X10-5 para electrólitos de As (V)-H2SO4 y As (V)-Cu (II)-H2SO4, respectivamente. La validación del modelo se realizó con datos publicados de transporte de As (V).
Caracterización de residuos sólidos procedentes de dos procesos distintos de galvanizado en caliente por inmersión
Authors: Delvasto P. , Casal-Ramos J. A. , González-Jordán O. , Durán-Rodríguez N. Z. , Domínguez J. R. , Moncada P.
Published: March 2012

Se caracterizaron polvos y escorias de zinc de industrias venezolanas de galvanizado en caliente por inmersión empleando espectroscopía atómica, microscopía electrónica de barrido, difracción de R-X y espectroscopía infrarroja. Los polvos se obtienen del proceso de secado a alta presión de las piezas en una planta cuyo proceso se basa en una cuba de acero para contener el zinc fundido, planta de la cual procede también la muestra de escoria denominada “A”. Por su parte, la escoria denominada “B” se genera en una industria que utiliza una cuba recubierta con refractario cerámico. Los polvos contienen 98 % en peso de zinc, en forma metálica. Las escorias, por su parte, presentaron las siguientes fases: Zn y ZnO,. Adicionalmente, la escoria “B” mostró la presencia ZnCl2 y Zn5(OH)8Cl2—H2O. El contenido total de zinc (% en peso) en la escoria “A” es 71 %, mientras que en la escoria “B” es 75 %.
Evaluaciones microcalorimétricas no-isotermas en aleaciones de Cu-9Ni-5,5Sn templadas y deformadas en frío
Authors: Donoso E. , Diáñez M. J. , Criado J. M.
Published: March 2012

Se ha estudiado por calorimetría diferencial de barrido (DSC) y medidas de microdureza, el comportamiento durante el recocido de una aleación Cu-9 % Ni-5,5 % Sn templada y deformada por laminación en frio al 50 %, respectivamente. Se ha concluido que durante el tratamiento térmico de la muestra templada tiene lugar un aumento de la microdureza atribuido a la precipitación de una fase Υ´ de composición (CuxNi1x)3Sn. Sin embargo, no se ha observado un aumento de dureza durante el recocido de la muestra deformada en frío. Este comportamiento se ha interpretado considerando que las dislocaciones generadas por la laminación en frío, favorecen la segregación de soluto (níquel y estaño) hacia las dislocaciones en lugar de la formación de la fase (CuxNi1-x)3Sn. Tanto el análisis teórico de la entalpía determinada para esta etapa como los valores de los coeficientes n de Avrami-Erofeev determinados a partir de un análisis cinético apoyan esta interpretación.
Optimum Synthesis of Myrtenal from α-Pinene by Photosensitized Oxidation Using Orthogonal Design
Authors: Zou Bin Bin , Chen Qian Wen , Luo Wei Hua , Wang Gui Wu
Published: March 2012

Synthesis of myrtenal from α-pinene by photosensitized oxidation in the self-made photochemical reactor was carried out using the halogen lamp as the light source. The effect of photosensitized oxidation reaction variables on the conversion and selectivity of the reactions was evaluated by the orthogonal experimental design of L9(34).Gas chromatography analysis showed that 94.55% conversion of the materials and 56.16% selectivity of the product were obtained when pyridine-acetic anhydride - copper salt mixture as a catalyst was used for the reaction at 45 °C under 0.45 L/min oxygen rate, 0.378 mol/L catalyst concentration and 0.5 mol/L material concentration. Microstructures of myrtenal were characterized using Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).
Extraction of m-β-Hydroxyethylsulfonyl Aniline from Reactive Dye Wastewater
Authors: Hua Jun Feng , Sun Zai Qing , Wei Yan Fei , Huang Mei
Published: March 2012

m-β-hydroxyethylsulfonyl aniline is one of the important reactants in synthesizing reactive black KNB. In order to recovery m-β-hydroxyehylsulfonyl aniline from reactive dye wastewater, two separation units including tributyl phosphate/petroleum ether extraction and sodium hydroxide solution stripping were studied. It is found that the single stage extraction rate was 85% when extraction phase ratio of organic to aqueous phase (O/A) was 2:1, while the single stripping rate was higher than 50% when 0.5M sodium hydroxide solution was selected and the stripping phase ratio of aqueous to organic phase (A/O) was 2:1.
The Effect of Potassium Carbonate on the Catalytic Properties for Methane Conversion with Ceria
Authors: Duan Yue Juan , Wang Hua , Wei Yong Gang , Li Kong Zhai , Zhu Xing , Du Yun Peng
Published: March 2012

Pure CeO2and a series of (x %) K-CeO2(x=1, 2, 3, 4) catalysts were respectively prepared by the precipitation and incipient wetness impregnation methods, and characterized by means of XRD, BET and H2-TPR techniques. The catalytic activity was investigated by the gas-solid reaction with methane in the absence of gaseous oxidant in a fixed bed reactor at 800 °C. The XRD measurement showed that doping of K2CO3did not change the structure of CeO2with the addition of K2CO3 without formation of Ce-K-O solid solution in these materials. Surface area of catalysts wasSubscript textdecreased with the impregnation amount of K2CO3. Reducibility of catalysts was obviously enhanced by the addition of K2CO3as shown in H2-TPR tests. The catalysts activity tests indicated that adding K2CO3to CeO2could promote the oxygen storage capacity of catalysts. K species in CeO2could affect the CO formation in methane oxidation.
Research on the Prediction of Static Contact Angle in Circular Capillary Tubes
Authors: Wang Jun Biao , Zeng Dong Zi , Jiang Jian Jun
Published: March 2012

New discovery was found by the capillary experiments with circular glass tubes and partial-wetting liquids that the partial liquid volume under moon surface could be expressed by equivalent height function H(r). Contact angle models suggested in this work, evaluated by Eq. 5, was eventually given by the concept of equivalent height, and so-determined models presented a much higher accuracy on prediction of contact angle compared to Jurin formula.
Application Mechanism and Performance of Cationic Native Starch and Cationic Hydrolyzed Starch in Salt-Free Dyeing of Reactive Dyes
Authors: Ma Wei , Meng Mei , Zhang Shu Fen , Ju Ben Zhi , Zhang Min
Published: March 2012

Cationic native starch (CNS) and cationic hydrolyzed starch (CHS) were investigated in physical modification of cotton to realize salt-free dyeing of reactive dyes and their application properties were compared. Adsorption isotherm studies of C.I. Reactive Red 2 on the modified cotton presented the dyeing followed Langmuir-type model. The dyeing properties of the fibers modified with CNS and CHS were investigated and compared. The results showed the dye fixation and fastness properties of both C.I. Reactive Red 2 and C.I. Reactive Blue 19 on CNS modified cotton were inferior to that on the untreated and CHS modified ones.
Analysis of Structure and Thermal Performance of Roof with Reinforced Concrete Prefabricated Corrugated Board
Authors: Li Li , Bai Xian Chen , Guo Ji Ping
Published: March 2012

This article aims at solving the problems of waterproof layer aging, hollowing, deformation and cracks and other major issues in the process of use of the traditional flat roof. On the basis of using traditional materials on the flat roof, basic-level structure of the roof is designed into reinforced concrete prefabricated corrugated board. Through the analysis of its structure and the thermal performance, this article attempts to explore the adaptability, and the promotion of reinforced concrete pre-cast groove board flat roof structure technology in the new countryside construction.
Performance Research of Positive Pressure Bio-Protection Suit Polyurethane Antibacterial Composite Fabric
Authors: Wu Jin Hui , Tian Tao , Hao Li Mei , Yang Jing Quan , Wang Zheng
Published: March 2012

Objective To study performance of positive pressure bio-protection suit fabric composited with polyurethane antibacterial film on double-sided, and to evaluate the feasibility of developing the positive pressure bio-protection suit with the composite fabric. Methods: Testing such performance as physical, protective, decontamination and antibacterial properties of polyurethane antibacterial composite fabric by standard methods. Results: Physical performance and micro-organisms liquid penetration resistance of the composite fabric have reached related standards requirements, while performances have no significant changes after decontamination testing. And its inhibition rates to gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria were so good that could reach 99%. Conclusions: According to testing results, this kind of fabric is suitable for developing positive pressure bio-protection suits by its ideal performance indicators and its upstanding decontamination consumption, antibacterial, flexible and lightweight properties.
Effect of Modified Phosphogypsum on the Mechanical Properties of Super Sulphate Cement
Authors: Gao Yu Xin , Yu Bao Ying , Xu Fen Lian
Published: March 2012

The effect of phosphogypsum (PG) modified on mechanical properties of super sulphate cement (SSC) was systematically studied in this paper. Then attentions and researches were focused on the relationship between specific surface (SSA) and the mechanical properties of SSC containing PG modified by calcining, floating, neutralizing with alkali. Strengthening mechanisms of SSC were further investigated and analyzed by laser particle size analyzer and chemical composition analyzer at last. Results showed that the high strength SSC with the compressive strength 35MPa at 7 days, over 60MPa at 28 days, and some even more than 70MPa at 56 days, could be successfully developed. This research can provide a key reference for the utilization of PG and development of high performance eco-SSC.
Tensile Properties of 4D In-Plane C/C Composites
Authors: Gao Bo , Tang Min , Shi Hong Bin
Published: March 2012

The tensile properties of 4D in-plane carbon/carbon (C/C) composites were researched by MTS machine and ARAMIS optical strain test system. A damage model for analysis the gradual damage was proposed, which chose hoffman criterion and twin shear strength theory as the failure criterion of fiber bundle and matrix, respectively. Cohesive zone model was used to simulate the interfacial debonding at the fiber bundle/matrix interface. The effect of shear strength of fiber bundle/matrix interface on the tensile strength was researched. It is shown that the major factor caused by the failure of the material at axial tensile is the interface debonding, which make the fiber bundle pull out from the matrix. The failure factor for the radical tensile is the crack through out the fiber bundle and matrix, and that make the material fracture. Simulation result shows the interface shear strength have a significant effect on the tensile strength. With the strength promote, the tensile strength increase, and the best value of interface strength is 11MPa.
Study and Design on Clean Steel Production Platform
Authors: Zhang Fu Ming
Published: March 2012

The technology for clean steel production in modern steel plant is analyzed, a philosophy with production efficiency, manufacturing cost and product performance in its core. A review on functions is also made which of high-efficiency, low-cost and high-quality steel products manufactured by the new generation iron and steel plant, in combination with the study on design of steelmaking – continuous casting process of Shougang Jingtang iron and steel plant. By applying precise and dynamic design system to optimize and allocate systems and working procedures of hot metal pretreatment, converter smelting, secondary refining, continuous casting process, etc, a platform of high-efficiency, low-cost and high-quality clean steel production is built.
Numerical Simulation of Process Parameters in Flexible Discrete Clamp Stretch Forming
Authors: Peng He Li , Li Ming Zhe , Feng Peng Xiao
Published: March 2012

Flexible DCSF technology was put forward, and its forming character was described. The flexible DCSF machine was developed and related stretching experiment were carried out. The experimental photos show the DCSF technology is feasible and the DCSF machine is practicable. The FE model of flexible DCSF was set up, and extensive numerical simulations for spherical parts, saddle parts and S-type parts were carried out by Abaqus. The numerical results show that the longer the transitional length is, the more homogeneous the stretching strain and the thickness become. The smaller the friction coefficient is, the more homogeneous the stretching strain and the thickness become. The larger the clamp number is, the better the fit degree becomes. This work may provide useful guidance on the flexible DCSF process.
Application of Intensifying Secondary Concentration Technology in Reverse Flotation of Bauxite
Authors: Zhang Xiao Lin , Fang Jian Jun , Liu Dian Wen
Published: March 2012

In order to resolve the problem of fine particle flotation in the reverse flotation of bauxite. a new method of intensifying secondary concentration technology was firstly advanced, and author applied it to ore, achieved eximious experimentation index. The reverse flotation tests of intensifying secondary concentration aiming at bauxite from Guizhou province were studied. The results show that diaspore concentrate directly used in the Bayer-mineral processing method can be obtained by using the intensifying secondary concentration technology without pre—desliming. The average A/S of the concentrate is 10.28 with a recovery rate of 85.41%.
Kinematic Analysis of a Belt Mechanism with a Circular Eccentric Output Element
Authors: Perju Dan , Lovasz Erwin Christian , Modler Karl Heinz , Moldovan Cristian , Carabas Iosif
Published: March 2012

The paper proposes two methods for kinematic analysis of a belt mechanism with circular eccentric output element (link). One of them is based on the mechanisms geometry and the second on its kinematics in order to obtain the transmission functions of different order. Both approaches are based on a imaginary cam mechanism instantaneous isokinetic with the given belt mechanism. The transmission functions obtained by means of proposed procedures are in a numerical form due to the finite incremental method used in solving the problem.
A Formulation for Analytical Design of Telescopic Manipulators with Prescribed Workspace
Authors: Ceccarelli Marco
Published: March 2012

In this paper an algebraic formulation is proposed for designing telescopic manipulators when workspace is prescribed in a suitable form. An algorithm has been outlined by using an algebraic formulation for the workspace boundary.
Optimal Selection of Measurement Configurations for Stiffness Model Calibration of Anthropomorphic Manipulators
Authors: Klimchik Alexandr , Wu Yier , Pashkevich Anatol , Caro Stéphane , Furet Benoît
Published: March 2012

The paper focuses on the calibration of elastostatic parameters of spatial anthropomorphic robots. It proposes a new strategy for optimal selection of the measurement configurations that essentially increases the efficiency of robot calibration. This strategy is based on the concept of the robot test-pose and ensures the best compliance error compensation for the test configuration. The advantages of the proposed approach and its suitability for practical applications are illustrated by numerical examples, which deal with calibration of elastostatic parameters of a 3 degrees of freedom anthropomorphic manipulator with rigid links and compliant actuated joints.
A Parallel Reconfigurable Robot with Six Degrees of Freedom
Authors: Vaida Calin , Plitea Nicolae , Lese Dorin , Pisla Doina Liana
Published: March 2012

Shorter development times, wide variety of products and manufacturing costs optimization lead towards the development of a new type of robots that are more flexible and adaptable to all these changes. The idea of reconfiguration is thus born, many studies being focused on enlarging and improving this concept. Reconfigurable robotic systems are those that can change their geometry, their mobility degree and be default, their workspace and their applicability. This paper presents a 6 degrees of freedom (DOF) reconfigurable robot, entitled RECROB, its kinematics and possible reconfigurations with different DOFs. Based on the analysis of structure two possible configurations are identified, one of them being modeled and simulated. The paper ends with the reachable workspace representation, conclusions and applicability of such a robot.
On New High Performance Systems with Linear Actuators for Diurnal Orientation of PV Platforms
Authors: Neagoe Mircea , Vatasescu Maria M. , Saulescu Radu G. , Creanga Nora
Published: March 2012

The paper presents new mechatronic systems used to perform the diurnal orientation of photovoltaic (PV) platforms, aiming to achieve high angular strokes and also low cost, high precision, constructive simplicity and relative low pressure angles. Starting from the disadvantages of the existing tracking mechanism identified in the literature (patents, scientific articles, market documentation, etc.), new high performance linkages and gear mechanisms driven by linear actuators are proposed in the paper. Hence, four new tracking mechanisms, achieving high angular strokes (over 180o), are described: a) quadrilateral type, b) rhombus type, c) slider-crank type, and d) linkage with gears type. These mechanisms are designed especially for concentrating PV systems, which require high orientation precision on the entire angular stroke.
On Semantic Graph Language Processing for Mobile Robot Voice Interaction
Authors: Topoleanu Tudor , Mogan Gheorghe Leonte , Postelnicu Cristian
Published: March 2012

This paper describes a simple semantic graph based model for processing natural language commands issued to a mobile robot. The proposed model is intended for translating natural language commands given by naïve users into an action or sequence of actions that the robot can execute via its available functionality, in order to complete the commands. This approach to language processing is easily extensible through automated learning, it also is simpler and more scalable than hard-coded command to action mapping, while also being flexible and covering any number of command formulations that could be generated by a user.
Experiments for Performance Evaluation of a Mobile Robot Trajectory Tracking
Authors: Nitulescu Mircea
Published: March 2012

Generally, the path given by the 2D global path planner is a complex trajectory concerning straight lines, circular arcs, quick turning motion or lane change motion, but in the simplest case, the trajectory can be a polygonal shape. For the case of a differential wheeled mobile robot without spin motions, this paper presents and analyzes the real continuous evolution of the robot between two adjacent straight line of a polygonal rote, concerning different angles. For the same model of the robot, the control uses alternatively two different algorithms: the first one is a classical solution in path tracking control and the second one is an algorithm based on a smooth curve function.
Demonstrative Digital Mechanisms Library
Authors: Lovasz Erwin Christian , Perju Dan , Modler Karl Heinz , Lovasz Agneta Elisabeta , Maniu Inocentiu , Gruescu Corina Mihaela , Mărgineanu Dan , Ciupe Valentin , Comsa Andrei
Published: March 2012

In the last two decades most information sources both old and new were digitized or prepared directly in digital form. This process allows a better accessibility and visibility of information throughout the world. In order to find useful information easily and quickly, it is important to have a coordinated search engine. The paper deals with the development of a demonstrative digital technical library. The controlled search engine is based on the multilingual illustrated micro-thesaurus in the technical field of mechanisms science according to the librarian indexation rules. Some search possibilities are presented.
A Linear Electrostatic Induction Motor with Coils Mounted on its Slider for Voltage Boosting
Authors: Hosobata Takuya , Yamamoto Akio , Higuchi Toshiro
Published: March 2012

This paper introduces a linear electrostatic induction motor utilizing electrical resonance. The motor consists of two thin plastic films: the stator film and the slider film, in which fine-pitched three-phase electrodes are embedded. The motor has three coils mounted on its slider, which are connected to the slider electrodes, and driven by applying three-phase voltage to its stator electrodes. The voltages on the slider electrodes are boosted by an electrical resonance, and large thrust force is obtained. The motors capability to accelerate under load is demonstrated; it could pull up weights up to 80 g with an excitation voltage of 1 kV0-P / 12.8 kHz, which was the motors resonance frequency. The fastest motion of the slider was obtained when the excitation frequency was set slightly higher than the resonance frequency, and the motor traveled 34 mm in 0.16 seconds with 1 kV0-P / 13.1 kHz excitation, while pulling up a weight of 40 g.
A Neural Network Model for Predicting Two Observable Parameters of the Welded Cross Section in Case of Robotic Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Process
Authors: Gorghiu Gabriel , Patic Paul Ciprian , Cârstoiu Dorin
Published: March 2012

The paper presents a model of using the artificial neural networks when determining the relations of dependency between the observable parameters and the controllable ones in the case of RoboticGas Tungsten Arc Welding. The proposed model is based on the direct observation of welded joints, emphasizing on the process variables which have been arranged in the nodes of a neural network. The design of the network intended to achieve an architecture that contains four nodes in the input layer (all of them being controllable parameters) and two nodes in the output layer (one for each observable parameter).
EOG-Based Interface for Manipulation Tasks
Authors: Postelnicu Cristian , Barbuceanu Florin , Topoleanu Tudor , Talaba Doru
Published: March 2012

Recently human-robot interaction (HRI) has become a highly researched topic in robotics, especially in assistive robotics systems. A category of persons that require special attention is represented by the disabled people. For persons suffering of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or brainstem stroke there are a few available interfaces among which is electrooculography (EOG) that offers an alternative communication channel. In this paper is proposed a paradigm for sending manipulation commands to a virtual robotic arm. A manipulation task is defined by three coordinates in space, the rest of the process being automatically executed. The users are asked to complete a simple task such as pour water into a glass from a bottle by activating the manipulation command.
Structure and Properties of Poly(Diphenylsiloxane-Co-Dimethylsiloxane) Modified MQ Silicone Resin
Authors: Li Ru , Zhang Bao Tan , Liu Bai Ling , Chen Xiu Ning , Wang Gong Ying
Published: March 2012

A novel kind of poly(diphenylsiloxane-co-dimethylsiloxane)s modified MQ silicone resin were synthesised by the hydrolysis and condensation of diphenyldimethyloxysilane, dimethyldimethyloxy- silane, tetraethyloxysilane and hexamethyldisiloxane. The structure of the copolymers was confirmed by 1H and 29Si NMR. Their molecular weights were determined by GPC. Thermal transitions were characterized by DSC. In addition, the thermal stabilities were evaluated by TGA. Results indicated that the increasing content of phenyl mol% in copolymer enhances the optical and thermal properties of the copolymers. Moreover, it can be used as a potential vinyl terminated component in hydrosilylation materials in PSA and LED encapsulation.
Effects of Calcination Time on Structure and Morphology of Porous TiO2-Al2O3 Material
Authors: Zhang Wen Jie , Chen Jin Lei
Published: March 2012

Porous TiO2-Al2O3 composites were prepared through sol-gel method after calcination at 500 oC for different time. PEG1000 was used as a template and tetrabutyl titanate and aluminum isopropoxide were used as the precursors. The materials prepared under different calcination temperatures were all composed of anatase TiO2 and amorphous Al2O3. All the samples presented anatase TiO2 crystalline structure. There was no rutile TiO2 phase appearing in the patterns. Meanwhile, there were no noticeable diffraction peaks of any of crystalline phases of Al2O3. Calculated from Scherrer formula on (101) plane of the XRD patterns, crystallite sizes of anatase TiO2 were 10.06 nm, 10.55 nm, and 11.13 nm, respectively. The surfaces of the materials were very rough with long grooves on the surface. The materials were composed of large amorphous like matrix, along with some small particles laying on the surface.
The Theory Calculation and Experimental Analysis of Composite Beam
Authors: Huang Ju Hua , Jiang Jiu Hong , Huang Tao , Li Hou Min
Published: March 2012

In order to develop the innovative and applied talents of students, this paper designed an experiment of composite beam bending by transverse force on the basis of the single material and pure bending beam .The calculation model of the simple beam bearing a concentrated force at the beam’s midspan was adopted. Based on this model, this paper discussed the theory calculation and made the corresponding experimental layout and got some experimental data.Compared the experimental data with the results of theoretical calculation，students can strengthen their perceptual knowledge for composite materials beams,and arouse their Learning enthusiasm and train the ability of solving engineering problems.
Application of the Nanocrystalline Alloy in Stress Measuring
Authors: Shi Yan Ping , Zang Yong
Published: March 2012

Because nanocrystalline alloy material has some good soft magnetic properties, so it has been already widely uses in many kinds of the sensor. The stress measurement method based on nanocrystalline alloy is one of its lot of the application in the sensor. This kind of stress measuring technique was analyzed theoretically, then a measurement experiment was made in one-way stress and two-way stress using the Fe-base nanocrystalline alloy strip in the laboratory. The results of the test have showed that this stress measurement method is higher measurement sensitiveness and precision.
Rapid Evaluation of Anti-Corrosive Property of Marine Protective Coatings
Authors: Zhang Zhan Ping , Qi Yu Hong , Zhang Zu Wen
Published: March 2012

To develop long-term anticorrosive coatings for protection of steel structures and ships and platforms, and to shorten exploitation period of this type coating, the anticorrosive property of three marine anticorrosive coatings systems with the Fluorocarbon top coating, Fluoro/acrylate top coating and Fluoro varnish top were evaluated rapidly by the accelerated corrosion environmental spectra test and Surface Stability Test (SST) based on Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). A corrosive environmental spectrum, which includes salt fog test, immersion test and UV irradiation test blocks, was proposed for accelerated test of marine protective coatings. Performence of the three systems was tested with scratched specimens and uniform specimens, and evaluated by using glossimeter, stereo microscope and image process. The results show that the system with Fluoro varnish top coating has much better anti-corrosive property than the others. The results obtained by SST method agree well with those by the accelerated corrosion environmental spectra test. SST method is a more easy-to-use and more rapid method to evaluate the anti-corrosive property of metal coated by protective coatings.
Effect on Ultrafiltration of Lactic Acid Fermentation Broth by Using Inclined Tubes Sedimentation as Pretreatment
Authors: Wang Li Juan , Wang Qun Hui , Li Yan , Cao Da Qi
Published: March 2012

lactic acid, inclined tube sedimentation, ultrafiltration, flow velocity Abstract This study combined inclined tube sedimentation with ultrafiltration to remove the particles and protein in lactic acid fermentation broth. The influence of flow velocity on the extract property was investigated as well as the variations of flux, protein removal rate and lactic acid recovery in ultrafiltration. The result indicated that the inclined tube sedimentation was effective to remove the particles of fermentation broth. When the flow velocity was 0.031cm/s, the percentage of particles smaller than 10μm was 77%. The flow velocity 0.143cm/s in inclined tube sedimentation was more suitable in this study. SS removal rate can achieve 45.5% while protein removal rate and lactic acid recovery can be maintained above 90% in such situation
Grinding Load Identification of an Horomill Using Inverse Pseudo Excitation Method
Authors: Lv Zhong Hui , Li Ke , Chen Kai Ming , Zhang Jia Fan
Published: March 2012

A rigid-flexible coupling dynamic model is established for the grinding roller system of an Horomill. Two coordinates are chosen to describe the grinding roller motion, namely the linear displacement of the roller at the center of mass and its rotation around the centroid on the applied plane of the grinding forces. The grinding forces applied on the roller are simplified to be a force and a torque, acting respectively on the direction of two coordinates. The frequency response function (FRF) matrices, with the two grinding force components as input and the vibration acceleration responses of two measuring points on the roller as output, are obtained respectively by using multibody dynamics computational software. The auto-PSD and cross-PSD of the vibration response on two measuring points are known. An inverse pseudo excitation method (IPEM) is then used for solving the grinding dynamic load spectrum. The obtained load spectrum would be helpful for the Horomill dynamic design and the fatigue calculation.
Effect of Nano-ZnO on Properties of Anti-Fouling Coatings Based on FEVE Coploymer
Authors: Zhang Zhan Ping , Qi Yu Hong , Sun Qi
Published: March 2012

To develop anti-fouling coatings, the effect of nano-ZnO on properties of coatings based on FEVE copolymer was investigated in the paper. 8 coatings were prepared with controlling the content of nano- ZnO respectively 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, 15% and 20 wt %. The mechanical properties and hydrophobicity of coatings were measured. Morphology of coatings were observed by SEM. Roughness was measured at the centre of along diagonal with rugosimeter Hommel T-6000. The results showed that nano-ZnO influences gloss, impact-resistance, and hydrophobicity of coatings. It does’t influence obviously the adhesive of the coatings to substract. The hydrophobicity and roughness of coatings increases with the augment of content of nano-ZnO in coatings. The impact-resistance decreases with the augment of content of nano-ZnO in coatings. When the content of nano-ZnO exceeds 15%, the surface roughness of coatings gets obviously bigger.
Preparation, Morphology and Dielectric Properties of Polyamide-6/Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) Blends
Authors: Li Rui , Pei Jian Zhong , Li Yan Wei , Shi Xin , Du Qun Le
Published: March 2012

A novel all-polymeric material with high dielectric constant (k) has been developed by blending poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) with polyamide-6 (PA6). The dependence of the dielectric properties on frequency and polymer volume fraction was investigated. When the volume fraction of PA6 is 20%, the dielectric property is better than others. The SEM investigations suggest that the enhanced dielectric behavior originates from significant interfacial interactions of polymer-polymer. The XRD demonstrate that the PA6 and PVDF affect the crystalline behavior of each component. Furthermore, the stable dielectric constants of the blends could be tuned by adjusting the content of the polymers. The created high-k all-polymeric blends represent a novel type of material that are simple technology and easy to process, and is of relatively high dielectric constant, applications as flexible electronics.