bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMPORT SUBSTITUTION IN THE INDUSTRY OF WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION
Authors: Petukhova E. O , Ruchkinova O. I
Published: May 2021

Import substitution in the industry of water supply and sanitation (WSS) in the context of the current economic crisis is a rather attractive operation. The problem of import substitution in the water supply and sanitation industry is complex being characterized by features such as production conditions, the availability of scientific and technical developments, the intensity of relations with foreign colleagues. Many WSS sector participants focus on implementing measures to reduce their dependence on foreign suppliers and shifting to products of domestic manufacturers within the framework of import substitution. The overall goal of this paper is to assess the feasibility of import substitution in the sector of water supply and sanitation in Russia. In addition, the article offers a choice of equipment in the field of water treatment, which can be produced in Russia in order to create products that are competitive on the world market. This article provides a review and analysis of the nomenclature of the main and auxiliary equipment for the water supply sector. The article offers an overview of patents for useful models in the field of water treatment which are feasible to produce in the domestic industrial market, however, they are currently imported from abroad. The review investigates the extent of import substitution demanded by the industry of water supply and sanitation in Russia. It also describes types of water treatment equipment to be produced in Russia. The structure of the paper is as follows: - the history of the development of water supply and sanitation industry; - the analysis of the current status of water supply and sanitation industry of Russia and review of basic technological equipment for natural water treatment plants and for wastewater treatment; - the review of utility model patents in the field of water treatment; - the conclusion.
Políticas de saúde no Brasil: uma análise a partir dos projetos financiados pelo Banco Mundial durante os governos Lula e Dilma
Authors: Lazarini Welington Serra , Sodré Francis , Sarti Thiago Dias , Andrade Maria Angélica Carvalho
Published: May 2021

Resumo O Banco Mundial tem influenciado os rumos do Sistema Único de Saúde ao longo desses quase 30 anos. Coube a este estudo analisar os projetos financiados pelo Banco Mundial para o setor saúde no Brasil entre 2003 e 2014. Empregou-se, aqui, a técnica da análise documental sobre os projetos financiados pelo Banco Mundial para o setor saúde brasileiro nas três esferas de governo, categorizados à luz da análise de conteúdo. Dos 174 projetos financiados no país, 31 contemplaram o setor saúde em sua composição, sendo 64,53% desses assinados com os governos estaduais. A maior parte dos projetos da saúde foram assinados no segundo governo Lula e os principais temas estruturantes foram: desenvolvimento humano e gênero, gestão do setor público e desenvolvimento do setor privado. Evidenciou-se o deslocamento estratégico do Banco Mundial, que se aproximou dos governos estaduais e municipais sobretudo a partir da segunda gestão do governo Lula. Esse movimento denota a habilidade do Banco Mundial de identificar as mudanças globais em andamento, sobretudo em relação ao cenário geopolítico e econômico. Conclui-se que o Banco Mundial aumentou seu interesse pelo setor de saúde brasileiro e que as propostas contribuíram para impulsionar os princípios da reforma do Estado no país.
Effects of kartogenin/PLGA nanoparticles on silk scaffold properties and stem cell fate
Authors: Rezvaninia Maryam , Bagheri Fatemeh , Baheiraei Nafiseh
Published: May 2021

Cartilage is an avascular and aneural connective tissue with poor self-healing capability. Recently, tissue engineering opens up new horizons for staving off or treating cartilage lesions. In this work, kartogenin (KGN), a small chondro-inductive molecule, was loaded into poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs), which in turn was embedded in a silk fibroin (SF) scaffold, to prepare an appropriate microenvironment for mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation. In this research, SF was opted to serve as a scaffold based on its approved biocompatibility and non-toxicity, excellent mechanical properties and processability. The data obtained from this study show that entrapment of KGN in NPs provides sustained release, which could promote the differentiation of MSCs into chondrocytes. Likewise, the scaffold containing KGN-loaded NPs induces glycosaminoglycan production by the seeded MSCs. The introduction of NPs into the scaffold, meanwhile, elevated the compressive strength of the structures (more than two times) without any significant effect on their swelling behavior. Taken together, the authors’ findings demonstrate that the prepared scaffold, with an optimal structure, could be a potential candidate for cartilage tissue regeneration.
Por sus basuras los reconoceréis: La identificación arqueozoológica de una comunidad ḏimmí cristiana en la Qurṭuba tardoandalusí (Cercadilla, siglo XII)
Authors: García García Marcos , Moreno García Marta , Fuertes Santos Mª del Camino , Hidalgo Prieto Rafael
Published: May 2021

Se presentan los resultados del estudio arqueozoológico del material recuperado de una unidad de poblamiento localizada en la Zona Arqueológica de Cercadilla, en el sector periurbano de madīnat Qurṭuba, frecuentada durante el s. XII. Los datos que se analizan se derivan, de un lado, de un conjunto faunístico identificado como residuos de alimentación y, de otro lado, de una valva derecha perforada de vieira procedente de un nivel de frecuentación. La elevada frecuencia de restos de porcino refleja un comportamiento alimentario que transgrede la principal norma dietética de la ortopraxis islámica; mientras que la valva fue identificada como una concha de peregrino vinculada al universo simbólico del mundo cristiano medieval. Tomados conjuntamente, y en coherencia con la historia ocupacional de Cercadilla, ambos resultados permiten sugerir la adscripción sociocultural o etnorreligiosa cristiana de al menos una parte del grupo que residió en este espacio, enriqueciendo y complejizando nuestra concepción del panorama social tardoandalusí.
WHO AND COVІD-19: FROM THE PROBLEM OF INTERNATIONAL SOLIDARITY TO THE GREAT GAME AROUND THE VACCINE
Authors: Grubov Volodymyr , Svynarenko Valery
Published: May 2021

The article considers the activities of the World Health Organization (WHO) in a pandemic caused by the spread of coronavirus infection (Covіd-19). Attempts by WHO and existing international formats to establish cooperation and coordination in confronting the new global threat can be traced. It states that in the face of many uncertainties of the consequences of coronavirus infection and the peculiarities of its proliferation, national governments have returned to the tools of barrier policy and border closures, making it difficult to coordinate actions within the global community. The factors influencing the state of global solidarity and the policy of the world’s leading players in WHO are analyzed. The focus is on the factor of U.S. — China relations, within which the dominant political novel is the Chinese footprint in Covid history and on factor of European strife observed between EU countries during the critical period of functioning of national healthcare systems.
The actions of the governments of individual EU countries, Russia and the United States in stimulating national pharmacological corporations to create a vaccine for Covid infection and the problem of the information company regarding large-scale vaccination of the population are revealed.
SOURCES OF STATE SOVEREIGNTY AND THE IDEA OF NATIONAL IDENTITY
Authors: Boichenko Mykhailo , Rudenko Yuliia
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of the ratio of external and internal sources of state sovereignty. It is found that sovereignty cannot be established without external sources, and the sovereignty of the state is to establish external relations with other states as political monads, i. e. coexisting political substances. At the same time, the sovereignty of the state is closely interconnected with the idea of national identity: the justification of sovereignty is the integration of all cultural groups of the country around the idea of national identity, which is the subject of protection of state sovereignty. The national idea acts as the main source of legitimation of the state’s sovereignty, and the national identity acts as a mechanism for combining the national idea and the state’s sovereignty.
In today’s globalized society, national identity appears not as an opponent of internationalism, but as a prerequisite for building international relations in recognition of the sovereignty of states that have their own national idea. The global state appears not as a replacement for the nation-state, but only as a principle of interdependence and expression of the need for cooperation between modern nation-states. Global civil society creates a need for the principle of multilateralism in the interaction between modern states, i. e. the need for their constructive interaction based on mutual respect for the idea of national identity and its derivatives — national interests, national values and so on. The strategic provision of internal sources of state sovereignty, especially a clear link between national identity and the integrated national idea, makes possible and appropriate to turn to external sources of state sovereignty.
A Study of Impact of Cloud Computing and Artificial Intelligence on Banking Services, Profitability and Operational Benefits
Authors: Dr. Sunil Joshi Sadhana Tiwari, Shashank Bharadwaj,
Published: May 2021

Banks have seen a convergence in end-customer banking interactions over the last decade, owing to IT-enabled solutions and services such as Core Banking, Online Banking, Mobile Banking, Wallet, Wallets Kiosk Banking. The evolution of IT in the banking industry supports both banks and their clients. Banks' business models are now centered on delivering consumer joy via IT-enabled solutions and services. Cloud technology allows banks to follow a digital paradigm for providing novel channels, reducing TAT to market new offerings, fulfilling consumer expectations, and adhering to regulatory requirements at a lower cost. In constantly evolving technical paradigms, cloud-based solutions offer a higher value proposition to IT solutions and services. Device administrators can remotely assemble, upload, customize, and execute virtual tools to manage a business solution using cloud infrastructure. Furthermore, cloud IT technology can be scaled up or down at any time based on planned use and specifications without incurring high costs. To assess the impact of cloud computing and artificial intelligence in operational and service advantage Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) technique is used. The thesis demonstrates how well the measured variables reflect the number of constructs and whether the estimation hypothesis is confirmed or rejected.
A Novel Statistical Adhoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing Protocol Technique is using for Preventing the Mobile Adhoc Network from Flooding Attack
Authors: Ganpat Joshi Gurpreet Singh,
Published: May 2021

The Mobile Adhoc Networks are more vulnerable because in the (MANET) Mobile Adhoc Network all node works as data sink, transmitter, router. There is no centralized system in the Mobile Adhoc network, so the chances of the vulnerabilities are very high in the network. There are various security issues in the Mobile Adhoc Network. From the various attacks the flooding attacks are most difficult attacks that extremely affect in Mobile Adhoc Network. In this paper, a new statistical based technique is planned, which is used to discover the flooding attack in an positive approach than other approaches. In the planned of Statistical Ad-Hoc on Demand Distance Vector (SAODV) approach is used to detect malicious nodes in the Mobile Adhoc Network. In this technique, statistical threshold value is obtained from mean and variance. In this approach the value is utilize to locate the (RREQ) Route Request flooding attacker nodes in the Mobile Adhoc Network. The proposed method is capable because threshold values are calculated on the source of RREQs prepared by every node in the Mobile Addhoc Network. The simulation results clearly depict that the proposed approach has significant performance in the terms of throughput, delay, packet delivery ratio, and overhead.
Analysing Effect of t-SNE and 1-D CNN on Performance of Hyperspectral Image Classification
Authors: Et al. Hariharan S
Published: May 2021

Feature extraction is a crucial step in Hyperspectral Image classification that aids in processing data effectively without losing relevant information. This step is essential when dealing with images with high dimensions because they suffer from Hughes phenomenon or the curse of high dimensionality. This phenomenon occurs in high dimensional datasets where the number of training samples is limited. In this paper, we have studied the influence of feature extraction techniques in HSI classification. We have compared the efficiency of three widely used techniques, namely Principal Component Analysis, t- Stochastic Neighbor Embedding and Convolutional Neural Network. Overall classification accuracy for PCA when used with KNN, a commonly used classification algorithm was found to be 69.79% while t-SNE with KNN was 71.04%. When CNN was used for feature extraction, its outperformed t-SNE and PCA with a wide margin with classification accuracy reaching as high as 95.06%.
Experiences in the Blue Economy Development of Northeast Asia Countries in the Context of Industrial Revolution 4.0 – Implication for Vietnam
Authors: Et al. Dr. Pham Ngoc Tram
Published: May 2021

In the 21st century, in addition to the growing population and the depletion of land-based mineral and energy resources, the development of coastal economic sectors has become a new global concern.  Therefore, all marine countries in the world consider the development and use of marine resources an essential part of their national development strategy. The marine economy gradually stimulates competition among nations. This article is based on the synthesis of documents to learn and analyze experiences of coastal development in some Northeast Asian countries in the context of the Industrial Revolution 4.0. From there, draw reference lessons for Vietnam.
Expansion Mapping Theorem for Four Mappings Satisfying Common Limit in the Range Property in b-Metric Space
Authors: Manjusha P.Gandhi Anushree A.Aserkar,
Published: May 2021

In the present paper, for four weakly compatible mappings in pairs, an expansion mapping theorem has been developed in b-metric space, meeting common limit range property. We proved this theorem without using the b-metric space's completeness condition. The result is an extension and generalization of several metric space results available. To confirm the finding, a suitable example is also discussed.
The Effect of PBL-based STEAM Approach on The Cognitive and Affective Learning Outcomesof Primary School
Authors: Et al. I Nyoman Sudana Degeng
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study was to discover the existence of cognitive and affective learning outcomes of students using Project Based Learning (PBL) - based STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Art, and Mathematics) with scientific learning with inquiry learning models. The type of research was a quasi experimental design. Data were collected by means of test analysis, observation, interviews, and documentation from all fifth grade students of primary school. Data analysis used t-test technique. To discover the effect of PBL-based STEAM approach on cognitive learning outcomes obtained from the pretest-posttest results, while affective learning outcomes were obtained through observation using the measurement data scale in the rubric.The results showed that there were significant differences between the experimental class and the control class on cognitive learning outcomes, however, there were differences in affective learning outcomes. It is expected to strengthen the results of the discussion in the long term to strengthen cognitive and affective learning outcomes.
An Efficient Intrusion Detection System Using Improved Bias Based Convolutional Neural Network Classifier
Authors: Pamela Vinitha Eric Mathiyalagan R,
Published: May 2021

Today’s modern society has faced many challenges due to the rapid digitization and growing number of hackers, which makes the networking-based systems to become a target place for intruders. The attacks may allure the users, and it compromised the whole system and makes the security the biggest challenge. In this regard, the best way to combat the issues is by exploring new ways to defend the network against threats. More recently, Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) is a key enabling technology in maintaining the novel network security. Indeed, some existing systems utilize Improved Relevance Vector Machine (IVRM) classifier for performing intrusion detection in network-based systems.  In this work, feature selection is done by using Gaussian Firefly Algorithm and Improved Relevance Vector Machine (IRVM) based classification is performed according to the selected features. However, for large-scale intrusion dataset, the intrusion detection is not robust; hence, it leads to high attack rates. The proposed system designed an Improved Bias based Convolutional Neural Network (ICNN) for high attack intrusion detection.  For embracing high-security factors and enhanced protection, the proposed system performs three phases, such as preprocessing, feature selection, and classification. The first phase employs the KDD dataset and Kalman filtering method followed by feature selection utilizes Inertia Weight based Dragonfly Algorithm (IWDA) and finally identified the intrusion attacks using Improved Bias based Convolutional Neural Network (IBCNN) classifier. In this work, a novel model performed with the KDD dataset. The suggested method evaluated in terms of accuracy, f-measure, recall, and precision for examining performance compared with existing systems.
Developing Learning Media Based Project Board in Electronic Materials to Improve the Analysis Capability and Skills for the Cadets of PIP Semarang
Authors: Et al. Andy Wahyu H
Published: May 2021

Electronics is one of the most widely used materials on board, but in reality, the cadets still have difficulty in understanding the concepts, solving problems and making electronic circuits. The media used today have a significant risk, such as a short circuit or electric shock. There are several problems that the authors get in this study, they are; how is the learning media for electronic practice used today, how to design an appropriate media for learning electronics practice with project board.

In this study, the method used Research and Development (R&D). It is a research method used to produce certain products, and test the effectiveness of these products. In producing certain products, the researchers used needs analysis. The final results of this study will produce the electronic learning media.

From the results of the learning model design and testing of the Analog Experimenter ASH tool, there are a number of things that can be concluded: The electronic learning media used today is still not effective and efficient because the cadets have to buy the practical materials, while in terms of safety, it is very lacking. The design of instructional media made is more effective, efficient and safer than the methods currently used. This is proven by testing the ASH Analog Experimenter with a multimeter and Oscilloscope.
Evaluation of Student Satisfaction in Using the Learning Management System for Online Learning at XYZ University
Authors: Togar Alam Napitupulu Yulyanty Chandra,
Published: May 2021

This research is to analyse what factors that influence the student satisfaction with the learning management system and how much influence do these factors have on student satisfaction with the use of the learning management system.  This research aim was to find if there is a direct influence from the system quality, information quality, service quality, and perceived ease of use into the user satisfaction and whether there is an indirect influence from System use to the User satisfaction toward learning management system. The analytical method for analyse regression with the estimation of PLS Method, this research took sample of 99 students at XYZ University in Information system online learning, major study for undergraduate students. The results show that  the indirect effect through system use are not significant; however the perceived ease of use and system quality turn out significant affecting the student satisfaction. Perceived ease of use is the most high factor for affecting the satisfaction of the students to use Learning Management System(LMS) as the media for online learning.
Condiciones sanitarias del albergue “COPACO” del bañado norte de Asunción, Paraguay (2018)
Authors: Mendoza Ayelén , Mendoza Ulises , Pedrozo Esther , Irala Sandra , Sequera Guillermo , Canese Jorge , Ramos Pasionaria
Published: May 2021

Los migrantes son más susceptibles a las enfermedades infecciosas, por las malas condiciones sanitarias donde viven. El objetivo fue describir las condiciones sanitarias del albergue “COPACO” del Bañado Norte en el 2018. Estudio descriptivo, transversal y temporalmente prospectivo. Fueron georreferenciados, ubicación y cantidad de grifos, sanitarios, desechos no biológicos, y medidas las distancias entre el agua potable y los desechos. Se evaluó el acceso y calidad del agua potable almacenada y fueron encuestadas las familias para conocer las enfermedades más prevalentes. Las referencias fueron las establecidas en el Manual ESFERA. Fueron contabilizadas 481 familias (2,405 personas); censados 22 baños químicos, 25 grifos, 5 puestos de ducha y 4 puntos de acumulación de desechos. El rango de distancia entre los baños y los 4 grifos más cercanos fue de 1 a 78 m, promedio 28 m. La distancia promedio entre el acúmulo de basura y los 4 grifos más cercanos fue de 21,1 m, rango 1 a 35 m. Cada grifo fue utilizado por 96 personas, 60% (9) de las familias almacenaban agua. Un baño móvil, con retrete y sin ducha era utilizado por 109 personas. Los baños eran unisex (mixtos) y carecían de fuente de agua y se improvisaron 5 puestos para ducharse, de utilización familiar. Fueron encuestadas 15 familias (3,1%). El promedio de estadía 33,3 días, 3 familias acusaron padecer de vómito, fiebre, diarrea y dolor dental. Los resultados pueden orientar a las autoridades sobre las futuras acciones a realizar para salvaguardar la salud de la población migrante.
Resistencia a múltiples antibióticos en serovariedades de Salmonella aisladas de muestras clínicas y alimentos
Authors: Ortiz Flavia , Weiler Natalie , Alvarez Mercedes , Orrego María Verónica , Kawabata Aníbal , Riera Esteban , López Celia , Acosta Liz , Nagai Minako , Portillo Rosa , Argüello Rocio , Mereles Eva
Published: May 2021

Salmonella enterica es un patógeno transmitido por alimentos y agente etiológico de brotes alimentarios de gran impacto en la salud humana. El aumento de la resistencia bacteriana constituye una amenaza a la salud pública, la aparición de cepas de Salmonella con resistencia a múltiples antimicrobianos (MDR) fue descrita en humanos, alimentos y animales para consumo; por ello se considera muy importante conocer la situación epidemiológica local. El objetivo de este trabajo fue generar información sobre los serotipos circulantes, resistencia a los antibióticos y presencia de resistencia simultánea a múltiples fármacos en Salmonella provenientes de muestras clínicas humanas y muestras de alimentos en el periodo desde 2017 a 2019. Fueron analizadas un total de 668 cepas de Salmonella aisladas en los años 2017, 2018 y 2019 a partir de muestras clínicas humanas y de alimentos, en el Laboratorio Central de Salud Pública y/o remitidas por Laboratorios de la Red de Enteropatógenos. Se observaron serotipos muy diversos con prevalencia del serovar Heidelberg en alimentos y Typhimurium en muestras de humanos. Se encontró que el 45,4% de las cepas fueron sensibles a todos los antibióticos (ATB), el 35,6% fueron resistentes de 1 a 6 ATB y el 19% con sensibilidad intermedia; observándose mayor resistencia a Tetraciclina, Ác. Nalidíxico, Ampicilina y Nitrofurantoína, en menor grado se evidenció resistencia a cefalosporinas (C3ªG) y a ciprofloxacina. El 16.9% de las cepas presentaron resistencia múltiple (3 o más antibióticos) con 37 fenotipos distintos. Las serovariedades que presentaron mayor resistencia a los antimicrobianos fueron Heidelberg, Schwarzengrund y Typhimurium.
Mortalidad adolescente por causas violentas y Necesidades Básicas Insatisfechas. Argentina, trienios 2006-2008 y 2012-2014
Authors: Rojas-Cabrera Eleonora Soledad
Published: May 2021

A partir de considerar el incremento de la violencia en el mundo, sus implicancias para la población joven y la escasez de estudios relativos al tema según sector socioeconómico, se planteó el objetivo de analizar la mortalidad adolescente por causas violentas según nivel de Necesidades Básicas Insatisfechas (NBI), en Argentina, entre los trienios 2006-2008 y 2012-2014. Para ello, se llevó a cabo un estudio cuantitativo y descriptivo, desde un enfoque sociodemográfico, con base en información estadística oficial. Se calcularon tasas de mortalidad para la población de 10 a 19 años, desagregadas por nivel de NBI, sexo, edad y grupo de causas violentas. Los resultados mostraron un incremento de la mortalidad para el conjunto de causas violentas independientemente del nivel de NBI, mayormente en varones de 15 a 19 años. En particular, aumentó la mortalidad por accidentes de transporte y eventos de intención no determinada (todos los niveles de NBI), otros accidentes y suicidios (mayores niveles de NBI) y homicidios (menores niveles de NBI). Surge así la necesidad de desplegar acciones “a medida” para reducir la mortalidad en todos los casos.
A instrumentalização do setor energético sob Putin-Medvedev (2000-2018) e o retorno russo ao tabuleiro geopolítico internacional
Authors: Albuquerque Fernanda Patrícia Silva , Carvalho Pacheco Cristina , Cunha Leite Alexandre Cesar , Fuccille Alexandre
Published: May 2021

Em 2000, Vladimir Putin assume a presidência da Rússia com a missão de recuperar a economia e reinserir o país no rol de nações classificadas como potência internacional. Entre as áreas estratégicas contempladas, destaca-se o setor energético. O ex-agente da KGB implementou uma política energética baseada no resgate do controle estatal sobre os recursos naturais e no uso das companhias energéticas como instrumento para a consecução dos interesses nacionais. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste artigo é apresentar a política energética implementada por Putin-Medvedev de 2000 a 2018, os quais se alternaram na condução do país ora como presidente, ora como primeiro-ministro, mas com clara ascendência do primeiro sobre o segundo. O texto está estruturado em três partes, que tratam (1) da renacionalização das companhias do setor energético, (2) do desenvol- vimento desse setor — via atração de investimento estrangeiro e modernização da infraestrutura — e, finalmente, (3) da utilização dos recursos energéticos como ferramenta de política externa. Conclui-se que o Kremlin recuperou o controle das maiores companhias energéticas e as utilizou para manter sua tradicional esfera de influência na Eurásia e estabelecer cooperações energéticas com seus principais clientes mundiais, contribuindo, dessa forma, para a recuperação econômica russa e um maior protagonismo internacional.
La cuestión fronteriza y la crisis epidemiológica en Europa y América del Sur
Authors: Cardinale María Eugenia
Published: May 2021

Ante la coyuntura extraordinaria producida por la pandemia del virus SARS-COV-2 y desde las Relaciones Internacionales (RRII), es necesario analizar críticamente los estudios de fronteras a la luz del regreso al centro de la escena del Estado y su jurisdicción sobre el territorio, frente a una crisis epidemiológica de magnitudes globales. En particular, porque siguiendo las viejas reglas del sistema internacional moderno, la reacción más inmediata y la opción considerada eficiente de cara a una situación extrema fue sellar las fronteras. En la multiplicidad de acontecimientos parece relevante un análisis crítico de la bibliografía y las medidas urgentes tomadas por los Estados de la Unión Europea y de Suramérica, para reubicar la cuestión de las fronteras interestatales en un mundo donde su protagonismo se ha revitalizado significativamente. De esta manera, el objetivo del presente artículo es realizar un estudio descriptivo e interpretativo sobre la cuestión fronteriza durante la pandemia, en las dos regiones seleccionadas. Metodológicamente, el trabajo se centra en examinar críticamente la bibliografía específica, los discursos y dispositivos oficiales sobre integración regional y cooperación transfronteriza. A través del seguimiento en prensa de información referida a la crisis pandémica, esos enunciados son puestos en discusión frente a la instrumentalización de medidas estatales en respuesta a la pandemia global en los primeros meses de crisis: febrero-mayo 2020. A partir de este análisis, se reconocen dos tendencias vinculadas a las RRII y a la cuestión fronteriza: mayor estadocentrismo y menor intensidad globalista; así, se identifica una recentralización en miradas clásicas de las RRII sobre la cuestión fronteras, en particular, en términos de soberanía y territorio.
Dance as a transmission of emotional mode. New books on dance and movement
Authors: Sirotkina Irina E.
Published: May 2021

The article offers an overview of recently published books about movement and dance. Among them there are two translated editions, which are included in the GARAGE DANCE series – “Blood Memory: An Autobiography” by Martha Graham, and “Terpsichore in Sneakers. Post-Modern Dance” by Sally Banes. Socio-cultural and psychological aspects of the history of Soviet amateur dance are considered in the monograph by Igor Narsky. Among notable works in English, that conceptualize movement and dance, is Roger Smith’s book “The Sense of Movement: An Intellectual History”, the first fundamental investigation in the field that collects a variety of material from physiology, psychology and philosophy, as well as observations on walking, dance, etc. A particular discourse on dance and movement is considered in a historical and typological frames. Dance as a transmission of the emotional regimes is a leading topic of several research works that examine the practice of dance both through the prism of personal biographical experience (Graham), and as a representation of the “choreography” of relations between the power and the people in the Soviet era (Narsky).
Retrospection and the archetypical plot of telemachy in the poetics of Thomas Bernhard
Authors: Kotelevskaya Vera V.
Published: May 2021

The paper examines retrospection as a type of fictional time movement, the functions of which are to overcome the irreversibility of physical time (1), to symbolize a return to the past (2), to idealize the conservation of personal and / or collective past (3), to block development (4), and to make a significant contrast to the past and not yet experienced existential time (5). I analyze the meanings and forms of retrospection in the poetics of the Austrian writer Thomas Bernhard (1931–1989) on the example of his early poetry and some prosaic works. The retrospective movement is considered as a physical and imaginary movement in space and time of the character, as a motive for resurrection of the past (including the “lost paradise” of culture), as well as, in particular, resurrection / search for the dead father (Telemachy). The study uses comparative, biographical, and mythopoetic methods. As a result, it turns out that Bernhard’s retrospection is not just one of the methods of reconstructing the past, but it is a “constructive device” (Yu. Tynyanov). At the formal level, retrospection is expressed in the technique of repetition: plot (return to space and time of the past), stylistic (repetition of lexemes, grammatical constructions, syntactic parallelism), rhythmic. The plot of the search for the father, in turn, opens and closes the work of Bernhard: his last novel (“Auslöschung. Ein Zerfall”, 1986) returns to the themes of lyrics, to the study of Herkunftskomplex, and to the test of religious and family ideas.
‘MEMORY’ AND ‘OBLIVION’ IN CONTEMPORARY GERMAN LITERATURE
Authors: Potyomina Marina S.
Published: May 2021

This article explores the concepts of memory and oblivion as dominant themes in the revision and reconstruction of the past in contemporary German literature. Michel Foucault’s method of discursive analysis and Jan and Aleida Assman’s memory theory are used to analyse narrative strategies employed by contemporary German authors. Historical, sociocultural, media, and psychological discourses are viewed as contributing to the formation of protagonists’ individual memories. The trajectory along which ‘functional memory’ transmutes from ‘comforting oblivion’ to the ‘loss of identity’, as depicted in the novels Abschied von den Feinden by Reinhard Jirgl and Animal triste by Monika Maron, is analysed in the context of the cultural trauma experience. A consequence of the traumatic experience is the splitting of the self and intrusion, which is expressed through random tormenting remembrances eluding narrative description. To the fore comes silence, which fulfils a narrative-theoretical function. Contemporary German novels written after 1989 are marked by asymmetry between cultural and individual memory. This asymmetry is manifested at the level of the protagonists’ speech and communicative disorders as well as in the inviability of memories beyond local spaces. Auto-communication, mediated reflection, de(re)construction of memories, and conscious oblivion become the principal models for the formation of individual, social, and national identity.
IMATRA AND THE FOAMING “RIVER OF OBLIVION” IN EKFRASIS OF THE BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURY
Authors: Markov Alexander V.
Published: May 2021

The article discusses the possible influence of the optical effects of the painting by F. Matveyev “Imatra Falls in Finland” on the imagery of Russian poetry from I. Annensky to B. Pasternak. It is shown that although Imatra was the closest natural landmark to St. Petersburg, the imagery associated with it could be not just an ekphrasis of the picture, but a “complex ekphrasis”, which included the features of the museum hall in which the picture was exhibited. The focus is on how the poetics of ekphrasis changes when other types of movement are taken into account, apart from the simple revitalization of still images. The analysis of the movement in this picture and the use of sources relevant to Russian Symbolist and world classic poetry, primarily Ovid and Verlaine, make it possible to clarify the specifics of some futuristic images of Russian poetry, such as a comparison of sea and beer in B. Pasternak’s “Themes and Variations”.
TRAVELLING AS THE WAY OF SPIRITUAL AND PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT IN GERMAN LITERATURE FOR YOUNG ADULTS AT THE FIRST HALF OF THE XIX CENTURY
Authors: Loshakova Galina A. , Rtishcheva Olga A.
Published: May 2021

The aim of the research is to examine the theme of travelling in the works of German authors of the first half of the 19th century in relation to its didactic orientation to the spiritual and physical improvement of the developing hero. The article examines different motives of the spiritual and physical formation of young heroes, and an important plot constitutive motif of journey. In the novel of upbringing by Johann Wolfgang Goethe (“Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre”, 1796; “Wilhelm Meisters Wanderjahre, oder Die Entsagenden”, 1829), a significant place is given to the idea of transformation and development, which is embodied in the narrative. The heroes of Goethe’s dilogy find their place in life, improving themselves in movement and work. The journey occupies a significant place in the children’s literature of this period (L. Chimani, Ch. Hildebrandt, L. Hölder, J. Meynier, K. Biernatzki), and a few others. The methodology is based on the principles of comparative literary studies. Works from the same period of German literature are compared typologically. Writers working for children and young people pick up and develop the theme of distant wanderings and the discovery of new territories. Robinson becomes a popular hero again. Writers use the genre of robinsonade not only to show the attractiveness of travelling, but also to create an example of raising a physically and spiritually mature hero who is ready to overcome all sorts of obstacles.
Cryptoassets—nature, valuation and disclosures in accounting
Authors: Druszcz Piotr , Procházka David
Published: May 2021

Within cryptoassets we can find cryptocurrencies (e.g. Bitcoin, Ethereum) and digital tokens which are specific right or value representatives. One of areas that there are a lot of doubts regarding these new technological solutions is accounting. It is not clear how we can classify particular groups of cryptoassets and how to value them in financial statement. The aim of the chapter is to present the essence, use and valuation issues of cryptoassets and also to review the definitions of selected asset groups in the currently applicable accounting regulations to identify those asset groups to which cryptocurrencies can be classified. The chapter also discusses available accounting models under IFRS, with a major focus being put on the recognition and presentation in balance sheet. The assessment of models is based on distinguishing different types of tokens (payment, security, utility) as well as on differentiating between holders’ and issuers’ perspective.
Mapeamento do uso do conceito “reforço natural” na literatura analítico-comportamental brasileira a partir dos periódicos nacionais
Authors: Teixeira Luan Mendes , Ramos Jefferson Pessôa , Leite Felipe Lustosa
Published: May 2021

O termo “reforço” apresenta subdivisões e muda de função dependendo do adjetivo que o acompanha. Um dos subtermos é encontrado na literatura como reforço natural. Buscando mapear diferentes funções da utilização desse conceito e identificar fontes de controle para seu emprego, recorreu-se a uma revisão de literatura operada em sete periódicos. Colheu-se todos os artigos que continham pelo menos uma das palavras: “reforço natural”, “reforçadores naturais”, “reforçador natural” ou “reforçamento natural” no corpo do texto. A busca resultou em 70 artigos publicados entre 1993 e 2020 e foram categorizados em três funções relativas ao emprego do termo analisado: 1) uso como função estabelecida filogeneticamente; 2) relação direta e impossível de mediação social entre resposta e reforçador; 3) contingência em vigor (planejada ou não) como critério de definição do conceito. A maioria dos artigos seguiu uma tendência no uso das definições 2 e 3 para o termo “reforçadores naturais”, porém, há trabalhos que se diferenciam dessa definição generalizada. Conclui-se, com este estudo, que é possível apontar avanços no uso do conceito de reforçadores naturais, promovendo uma maior unificação da linguagem científica dos eventos que este termo descreve.
Rule-governed behavior: An ongoing RFT-based operant analysis
Authors: Zapparoli Heloisa Ribeiro , Marin Ramon , Harte Colin
Published: May 2021

Rule-governed behavior is broadly defined as verbal antecedent stimuli that specify dependence relations between stimuli and events. Since its conception, this definition has supported a relatively rich program of research within the experimental analysis of behavior. Specifically, researchers have sought to explore the extent to which verbal rules are involved in operant behavior, both in the basic and applied domains. However, some have highlighted the need for a more complete understanding of what “specification” means in the context of rule-following and behavior analysis. The current article aims to present an operant account of what it means to understand and follow verbal rules, drawing largely on stimulus equivalence, and focusing in particular on a relational frame theory (RFT) perspective. To this end, we provide an overview of an RFT-based operant account of rule-following as it currently stands, and outline a recent program of experimental research that has utilized this approach to explore the complexities involved in rule-following in the face of competing reinforcement contingencies, a phenomenon typically linked to human psychological suffering. Implications for going forward in developing a more complete operant account of rule-governed behavior in both the basic and applied domains are considered.
Financial Incentives to Reduce Female Infanticide, Child Marriage and Promote Girl’s Education: Institutional and Monitoring Mechanisms
Authors: Birch Izzy
Published: May 2021

The focus of this paper is on the complementary mechanisms and interventions likely to increase the effectiveness and impact of conditional cash transfer (CCT) schemes in South Asia that aim to reduce female infanticide and child marriage and promote girls’ education. The literature on the institutional aspects of these particular schemes is limited, but from this and from the wider literature on CCT programmes in similar contexts, the following institutional mechanisms are likely to enhance success: a strong information and communication strategy that enhances programme reach and coverage and ensures stakeholder awareness; advance agreements with financial institutions; a simple and flexible registration process; appropriate use of technology to strengthen access, disbursement, and oversight; adequate implementation capacity to support processes of outreach, enrolment, and monitoring; monitoring and accountability mechanisms embedded in programme design; coordination mechanisms across government across social protection schemes; an effective management information system; and the provision of quality services in the sectors for which conditions are required. There is a very limited body of evidence that explores these institutional issues as they apply to the specific CCT programmes that are the focus of this report, however, there is more available evidence of the potential impact of ‘cash-plus’ programmes, which complement the transfers with other interventions designed to enhance their results or address the structural barriers to well-being
Thinking and Working Politically on Transboundary Issues
Authors: Birch Izzy
Published: May 2021

There is growing consensus that political factors are a key determinant of development impact. The practice of Thinking and Working Politically (TWP) is built around three interconnected principles: (i) strong political analysis, insight, and understanding; (ii) detailed appreciation of, and response to, the local context; and (iii) flexibility and adaptability in program design and implementation. The literature notes that while TWP emphasises the centrality of politics and power, technical knowledge is still important and can reinforce the political agenda, for example by increasing the confidence of smaller states or by strengthening collective understanding. Furthermore, improving the quality of domestic cooperation can be a step towards regional cooperation, and flexible engagement with the diverse range of actors that populate transboundary settings has been shown to be an effective strategy. The literature also highlights lessons learned including Transboundary cooperation can be built from the bottom up and for development partners, pre-existing bilateral partnerships may facilitate their engagement at a transboundary level, particularly on sensitive issues. Given the relatively isolated experience of TWP in transboundary settings, the evidence base for this report is also limited. The two areas where most examples were found concern regional integration and transboundary water management.
CHECKLIST OF MACRO-INVERTEBRATES OF THE SPECIAL CONSERVA-TION AREA “POGGI DI PRATA” (GROSSETO, CENTRAL ITALY)THROUGH A CITIZEN-SCIENCE AND EXPERT-BASED APPROACH
Authors: MENCHETTI MATTIA , CIANFERONI FABIO , MAZZA GIUSEPPE , DAL CIN MATTEO , BARBATO DEBORA , BENOCCI ANDREA , CERVO RITA , DAPPORTO LEONARDO , PICCHI MALAYKA SAMANTHA , VANNI LORENZO , CABRINI RICCARDO , MORI EMILIANO
Published: May 2021

The assessment of species composition in a certain area may become outdated over time due to community dynamics including species range expansion, but also to local extinctions, species introductions and taxonomic redefinition. Therefore, updated checklists are required for animal conservation and management. Exhaustive checklists of invertebrate species may be challenging, as species determination often requires the analysis by specialists, but they are fundamental for local conservation practices. In this work, we provided an annotated preliminary checklist of invertebrates of the Special Conservation Area “Poggi di Prata” (province of Grosseto, southern Tuscany), detected through field samplings with experts, and a permanent Bioblitz set out on an online citizen-science platform (iNaturalist.org). The final dataset(1898-2020)included 329records of 282 species (217insects, 34gastropods, 30arachnids and 1 chilopod). Most records were uploaded on iNaturalist (about 56.5%), others came from observations or sampling collections(37%) and were determined by specialists. Only the remaining 6.5% of records came from published studies. Three species were protected by the Habitat Directive, 15 by the Tuscan Regional Law. We also detected two endemic or near-endemic taxa of this area: the beetle Paramaurops diecki massetanus and the land snail Marmorana saxetana. The unexpected (Italian southernmost) record of Gaurotes virginea needs to be deepened. Furthermore, 12 alien species, including insects affecting human economy and wellness (e.g., Rhinchophorous ferrugineus, Aedes albopictus, Halyomorpha halys, Dryocosmus kuriphilus and Cydalima perspectalis), were also detected. With our work, we confirmed that citizen-science platforms (e.g. iNaturalist) are valuable tools, complementary to field-work by specialists, to map local biodiversity and they may help to improve biogeographical knowledge.
Algorithmic Information Distortions in Node-Aligned and Node-Unaligned Multidimensional Networks
Authors: Abrahão Felipe S. , Wehmuth Klaus , Zenil Hector , Ziviani Artur
Published: May 2021

In this article, we investigate limitations of importing methods based on algorithmic information theory from monoplex networks into multidimensional networks (such as multilayer networks) that have a large number of extra dimensions (i.e., aspects). In the worst-case scenario, it has been previously shown that node-aligned multidimensional networks with non-uniform multidimensional spaces can display exponentially larger algorithmic information (or lossless compressibility) distortions with respect to their isomorphic monoplex networks, so that these distortions grow at least linearly with the number of extra dimensions. In the present article, we demonstrate that node-unaligned multidimensional networks, either with uniform or non-uniform multidimensional spaces, can also display exponentially larger algorithmic information distortions with respect to their isomorphic monoplex networks. However, unlike the node-aligned non-uniform case studied in previous work, these distortions in the node-unaligned case grow at least exponentially with the number of extra dimensions. On the other hand, for node-aligned multidimensional networks with uniform multidimensional spaces, we demonstrate that any distortion can only grow up to a logarithmic order of the number of extra dimensions. Thus, these results establish that isomorphisms between finite multidimensional networks and finite monoplex networks do not preserve algorithmic information in general and highlight that the algorithmic information of the multidimensional space itself needs to be taken into account in multidimensional network complexity analysis.