bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oral candidal flora in healthy infants
Authors: Darwazeh A. M. G. , Al‐Bashir A.
Published: April 2006

Asymptomatic oral candidal carriage has been extensively studied in adults, but only rarely in infants. The present investigation aimed to determine the asymptomatic oral carriage of candidal species in healthy infants and its relationship to age, sex, feeding pattern and use of a pacifier. The swab technique was used for oral candidal isolation. Candidal species were isolated from 48% of the infants without a significant relationship to age, gender or between breast‐fed or bottle‐fed infants. Similarly, a history of maternal vaginal candidosis, or presence of nappy rash, had no significant relationship to oral candidal carriage. Infants who routinely sucked a pacifier had a significantly higher rate of oral candidal carriage, suggesting a reservoir of infection.
An immunohistochemical study of collagen types III, VI and IX in rabbit craniomandibular joint tissues following surgical induction of anterior disk displacement
Authors: Ali Ayman M. , Sharawy Mohamed M.
Published: April 2006

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of surgical induction of anterior disk displacement (ADD) on type‐Ill. VI and IX collagens of the rabbit craniomandibular joint (CMJ) tissues using an immunohistochemical technique. The right joint was exposed surgically, all discal attachments were severed except for the posterior discal attachment (bilaminar zone). The disk was then repositioned anteriorly and sutured to the zygomatic arch. The left joint served as a sham‐operated control. Ten additional joints were used as non‐operated controls. Deeply anesthetized rabbits were perfused with 2% buffered formalin 2 weeks (10 rabbits) or 6 weeks (10 rabbits) following surgery. The articular disk, bilaminar zone, mandibular condyle and articular eminence were excised. The last two were decalcified in EDTA. All tissues were then sectioned at 10 um in a cryostat. Sections were incubated with monoclonal antibodies directed against type‐Ill. VI or IX collagens. Following incubation in the appropriate FITC‐fabelled secondary antibodies, all sections were studied under the fluorescence microscope. The results showed a reduction in immunostaining for type‐VI and IX collagens in the condylar cartilage, disk and articular eminence at 2 weeks, followed by an increase in their immunostaining at 6 weeks and the appearance of a de novo type‐Ill collagen in the condylar cartilage and the articular eminence. It is concluded that surgical induction of ADD in the rabbit CMJ leads to alterations in its type‐III. VI and IX collagens.
Polypoid carcinoma of the tongue
Authors: Ide F. , Shimoyama T. , Suzuki T. , Horie N.
Published: April 2006

An unusual case of polypoid carcinoma in a 72‐year‐old woman is reported. The tumor showed a pedunculated growth on the lateral border of the tongue and was composed of a malignant basaloid component in intimate association with definable foci of epithelial dysplasia of the surface mucosa. It was considered that histlogic features of the present case corresponded with those of basaloid squamous carcinoma.
Heterogeneity of ICAM‐1 expression, and cytokine regulation of ICAM‐1 expression, in skin and oral keratinocytes
Authors: Li J. , Mahiouz D. L. , Farthing P. M. , Haskard D. O. , Thornhili M. H.
Published: April 2006

Differences in expression of intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) and ICAM‐1 mRNA levels were studied in cultured skin and oral keratinocytes before and after stimulation with different pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Basal expression of ICAM‐1 was undetectable on skin keratinocytes but oral keratinocytes expressed ICAM‐1 at high levels. Interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) increased ICAM‐1 expression on both cell types, although TNF‐α had a greater effect on oral than skin keratinocytes (P < 0.05) and IFN‐γ was more effective than TNF‐α on both cell types (P < 0.01). In combination, TNF‐α and IFN‐γ synergistically increased ICAM‐1 expression on skin keratinocytes only, although ICAM‐1 mRNA was synergistically increased in both cell types. IL‐lα and IL‐1β induced a small increase in ICAM‐1 expression on oral keratinocytes but had no effect on skin keratinocytes.
A study on betel quid chewing behavior among Kaohsiung residents aged 15 years and above
Authors: Chen Jew‐Wu , Shaw Jei‐Hong
Published: April 2006

A telephone survey was used to study betel quid chewing behavior of Kaohsiung residents aged 15 and above in early 1991. Among the 1,162 subjects, 154 (13.3%) reported that they chewed betel quids and most of them (145/154) were men. Among the chewers, 33 (21.4%) indicated that they chewed it daily; all were men. Age distribution of the chewing behavior suggested that more young people chewed it at the time of the survey than had been the case in the past. The demographic distributions of betel quid chewing behavior were similar to the characteristics of tobacco smoking in Taiwan. The degree of concurrence of these two behaviors was very high. Nearly 90% of the subjects believed that betal quid chewing would cause more harm than good, or it would cause only harm, to their health. Discriminant analyses indicated that smoking behavior and attitude toward the health effect of chewing betel quids were the two most significant and meaningful variables in prediction of the chewing behavior. Strategies for prevention are recommended.
Oral mucosal lesions in experimental graft‐versus‐host disease: morphological and immunohistochemical characterization of infiltrating cells
Authors: Fujiwara K. , Sakai Y. , Sugiura J. , Yamasaki A.
Published: April 2006

To facilitate recognition of the oral mucosal lesion that develops in rats with graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) induced by injecting spleen cells of parental strain rats (Brown Norway) into non‐irradiated (Brown Nonvay×Lewis) F1 hybrid rats, we followed the development of the tongue lesion histologically and immunohistochemically. This assessment revealed an increase in the number of MHC class II+ cells with dendritic shape in the lamina propria to be the earliest stage of the tongue lesions in GVHD rats. The subsequent mononuclear cell infiltration with epithelial cell destruction, characteristic of GVHD. consisted of CD8+ cells and macrophages. Our findings seem to indicate that MHC class II+ cells with dendritic shape may provide antigen presentation in the induction of local immunological responses, including tissue destruction, by CD8+ cells and macrophages in the tongue of GVHD rats.
Salivary cortisol and anxiety in recurrent aphthous stomatitis
Authors: McCartan B. E. , Lamey P.‐J. , Wallace A. M.
Published: April 2006

Anxiety and salivary cortiso) were measured in two groups of patients with recurrent aphthous ulceration. One group of patients had persistent aphthae (Group 1) and the others had been relieved of their aphthae following correction of delected haematinic deficiency states (Group 2). Anxiety was measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale and radioimmunoassay of salivary cortisol. There was a statistically significant increased proportion of borderline or clinically anxious patients in Group 1 compared to Group 2 (P<0.05). Median salivary' cortisol levels also showed a statistically significant elevation in Group 1 (P<0.0 1). It is concluded that stress may play a role in the aetiology of recurrent aphthous stomatitis, particularly in patients who have an underlying anxiety trait.
Mast cell‐derived tryptase in odontogenic cysts
Authors: Teronen O. , Hietanen J. , Lindqvist C. , Salo T. , Sorsa T. , Eklund K. K. , Sommerhoff C. P. , Ylipaavalniemi P. , Konttinen Y. T.
Published: April 2006

Inflammatory and developmental cysts of the jaws are relatively common bone destructive lesions in the human maxillofacial skeleton but their pathogenesis is still poorly understood. In this study the role of mast cells (MC), and mast cell tryptase in particular, was evaluated in the pathophysiology of bone resorption and jaw cyst formation in different types of cysts. The distribution of MC and the amount of tryptase in histological tissue sections were determined by immuno‐histochemistry using monoclonal antihuman tryptase antibodies and the results were quantitated by using an image analyzing system. The amount of tryptase was further studied by Western‐blotting and measurement of trypsin‐like activity from the neutral salt extracts obtained from different types of jaw cysts. In contrast to control tissue, high trypsin‐like activities and abundant immunoreactive tryptase were observed in the extracts of all types of cysts studied (radicular, dentigerous and keratocyst). In tissue sections the highest amount of tryptase‐positive staining was observed in radicular cysts (mean 6.2% of reference area) and the lowest amount in keratocysls (mean 2.1% of reference area. >O.O1). MC were found to be located in inflammatory cell‐rich tissue areas and just beneath the cyst epithelium. Importantly, MC located at the border of bone were observed to be degranulated. indicating high activity of MC and release of tryptase at the regions of early bone destruction, Based on previous findings addressing the role of mast eel! tryptase in proteolytic cascades, and the known association of MC with osteoporosis, we suggest that mast cells and mast cell tryptase may contribute significantly to jaw cyst tissue remodelling during growth of a cyst, and to the destruction of the surrounding bone, resulting in jaw cyst expansion.
Epithelial‐myoepithelial carcinoma of the palate
Authors: Kusama Kaoru , Saito Manabu , Kozu Mitsuaki , Shimizu Kouji , Hori Minoru , Tanaka Hiroshi , Mora Itaru
Published: April 2006

A case of epithelial‐myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC) of the palate in a 72‐year‐old Japanese man is described. The patient had noticed swelling of the palate commencing about 20 years previously. Histologically, the tumor consisted of a proliferation of double‐layered duct‐like structures with two distinctive cell types. The inner layer was composed of eosinophilic epithelial cells, while the outer layer was composed of clear cells. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that reaction products for total keratin were predominantly found in the cytoplasm of the inner epithelial cells, while those for S‐100 protein and smooth muscle actin were observed only in the outer cells. Immunoreactive products for secretory component and lysozyme were found in some of the luminal contents and the inner cells of the tumor nests. These findings indicated this tumor to be an EMC of the palate, which had shown no aggressiveness over a twenty‐year period prior to surgical excision.
Rat odontogenic tumors associated with disturbed tooth eruption
Authors: Slootweg P. J. , Kuijpers M. H. M. , van de Kooij A. J.
Published: April 2006

Most odontogenic tumors occurring in rats have the appearance of immature or mature odontomas. The present brief paper describes two spontaneously occurring odontogenic lesions in rats: both had the appearance of complex odontomas. One was associated with a lesion that had the appearance of an odontogenic fibroma: the other occurred concomitant with a lesion that had the appearance of a cementoblastoma. Their possible relationship with disturbed eruption due to malocclusion is discussed.
Reduced expression of dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) IV in peripheral blood T lymphocytes of oral cancer patients
Authors: Uematsu Takashi , Urade Masahiro , Yarnaoka Minoru , Yoshioka Wataru
Published: April 2006

To investigate the mechanism of decrease of serum DPP IV activity in oral cancer patients, we analyzed the expression of DPP IV in peripheral blood T lymphocytes of oral cancer patients and healthy subjects. Consequently, serum DPP IV activity was found to correlate significantly with the number of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PEL). T lymphocytes and CD26 (identified as DPP IVT T lymphocytes in healthy subjects, and the number of PEL and CD26T T lymphocytes in cancer patients. However, the numbers of PEL and T lymphocytes were significantly less in cancer patients than in healthy subjects. Although the number of CD26+ T lymphocytes was somewhat greater in cancer patients than in healthy subjects, serum DPP IV activity was significantly lower in cancer patients. DPP IV activity and amount of CD26+ in T lymphocyte plasma membranes were much less in cancer patients than in healthy subjects. These findings suggest that a decrease in the number of T lymphocytes and the small amount of DPP IV in their plasma membrane may contribute to the decrease of serum DPP IV activity in cancer patients.
Gingival metastasis of Merkel cell carcinoma: a case report
Authors: Schmidt‐Westhausen Andrea , Reichart Peter A. , Gross Ulrich M.
Published: April 2006

An 82‐year‐old Caucasian man developed an ulcerated mass on the anterior mandibular gingiva. Five years previously he had been treated for a Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) on his right cheek. Histopathologic examination showed small tumor cells with scanty cytoplasm, suggestive of malignancy. Immunohistochemical studies were performed with the use of nine antibodies. S‐100 protein and leukocyte common antigen were helpful in ruling out melanoma and lymphoma. Pronounced reaction was shown for cytokeratin 20. a new histodiagnostic marker whose expression is almost entirely confined to Merkel cells, the gastric epithelium, and urothelium. The tentative diagnosis of metastasis of MCC was confirmed. Immunohistochemical studies are useful diagnostic aids in the establishment of the diagnosis of Merkel cell carcinoma.
Central odontogenic fibroma current concepts
Authors: Gardner David G.
Published: April 2006

The author reviews current knowledge concerning the central odontogenic fibroma, which at present is incompletely understood, and reaches the following conclusions. 1) The separation of this lesion into simple and WHO types remains valid because they exhibit different histologic features. However, more care should be taken in rendering the diagnosis of the WHO type than in the past; unlike the simple type, it is a fibroblastic lesion. 2) Complex central odontogenic fibroma is a more appropriate term than the WHO type because the WHO does not use the latter term in its 1992 manual. 3) The microscopic distinction of simple odontogenic fibroma from desmoplastic fibroma remains difficult in some cases. 4) The granular cell odontogenic tumor, which has sometimes been referred to as a type of odontogenic fibroma, is a separate entity, although some simple odontogenic fibromas exhibit scattered granular cells. 5) The separation of lesions that have been reported recently as odontogenic fibromas with giant cell reactions from central giant cell granulomas that exhibit foci of odontogenic epithelium requires further study.
Oral shedding of herpes simplex virus type 1: a review
Authors: Scott D. A. , Coulter W. A. , Lamey P.‐J.
Published: April 2006

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1) and. to a lesser extent, type 1 (HSV‐2) are the aetiological agents of recrudescent herpes labialis (RHL). The available literature on patterns of HSV‐1 shedding into the oral cavity at the prodromal stage of disease, during recrudescences and also during asymptomatic periods, is reviewed, as are the potential sources of virus and the known trigger factors leading to viral reactivation. Attention is given to the methodologies in use for the detection of HSV‐1 and the relevance to the risk of cross‐infection in surgery. This review also discusses the increase in incidence of HSV‐1 genital infections and the significance of salivary inhibitors of the herpes simplex type 1 virus.
Immunochemical analysis of laminin in duct‐ligated submandibular glands of rats
Authors: Zaia Alexandre A. , Almeida Oslei P. , Line Sergio R. P.
Published: April 2006

Immunochemical methods have been used to study the expression of laminin during experimental atrophy of the submandibular gland of rats caused by ductal ligation. In normal submandibular glands, laminin immunoreactivity appeared as continuous linear staining around acini and ducts. In the ligated glands, it exhibited an irregular pattern and intensity. Staining was usually stronger around small ducts and acini, which were most prominent in glands ligated for 30 days. Immunoblot analysis showed that the laminin of the rat submandibular gland contains bands that correspond to the EHS α1, β1 and γ1 chains, and that the composition of the laminin chains does not change during the atrophy.
Immunolocalization of interstitial collagenase (MMP‐1) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases‐1 (TIMP‐1)in radicular cysts
Authors: Lin Sze‐Kwan , Chiang Chun‐Pin , Hong Chi‐Yuan , Lin Chun‐Pin , Lan Wan‐Hong , Hsieh Chi‐Chuan , Kuo Mark Yen‐Ping
Published: April 2006

To investigate the mechanisms involved in expansion of radicular cysts, monoclonal antibodies against interstitial collagenase (MMP‐1) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases‐1 (TIMP‐1) were used to localize the sites of MMP‐1 and TIMP‐1 expression in 30 radicular cysts. Positive MMP‐1 staining was detected in the lining epithelium and subepithelial fibroblasts, macrophages, endothelial cells and osteoblasts/osteocytes in all specimens. Positive TIMP‐1 staining was identified in osteoblasts/osteocytes and endothelial cells of all specimens, and in the lining epithelium and subepithelial fibrous connective tissue wall of five radicular cysts with an intense inflammatory cell infiltrate. The number and distribution of positive cells for MMP‐1 or TIMP‐1 varied widely among individual specimens, but strong immunostaining was constantly detected at sites with prominent subepithelial inflammation. Results here support the hypothesis that MMP‐1 may play an important role in the expansion of radicular cysts. The absence of TIMP‐1 expression in lining epithelium and subepithelial fibroblasts and macrophages in most cases studied indicated that an imbalance between MMP‐1 and TIMP‐1 production may lead to radicular cyst expansion.
Angiocentric lymphomas of the palate: clinico‐pathological considerations in 12 cases
Authors: Mosqueda‐Taylor Adalberto , Meneses‐Garcia Abelardo , Zárate‐Osorno Alejandra , Rivera Luz María Ruíz‐Godoy , Ochoa‐Carrillo Francisco Javier , Mohar‐Betancourt Alejandro
Published: April 2006

Angiocentric lymphomas (AL) involving the mid‐face are infrequent lesions. Their incidence seems to be higher in certain Asian and Latin American countries, where most of the reported series reveal a predominance of T‐cell lineage and a high frequency of EBV‐positive cells. The clinical and pathological features of 12 AL that affected the palate are presented. Immunophenotypic studies were performed in nine of these cases. Seven (77%) demonstrated T‐cell lineage, one was of B‐cell origin and one could not be classified. The high incidence of T‐cell lesions in this and other studies supports the existence of geographical and possibly of etiological differences in these neoplasms.
Amyloidaceous ulcerated gingival hyperplasia: a newly described entity related to ligneous conjunctivitis
Authors: Gokbuget A. Y. , Mutlu S. , Scully C. , Efeoglu A. , Porter S. R. , Speight P. , Erseven G. , Karacorlu M.
Published: April 2006

Gingival hyperplasia may be genetic, may be acquired as a consequence of exposure to drugs and other agents or may appear as part of a more widespread disorder. Five patients who acquired gingival hyperplasia due to amyloidaceous deposits staining only for fibrin are presented. This appears to be a new entity related to ligneous conjunctivitis.
Detection of apoptosis‐related factors and apoptotic cells in ameloblastomas: analysis by immunohistochemistry and an in situ DNA nick end‐labelling method
Authors: Kumamoto Hiroyuki
Published: April 2006

To clarify the possible role of apoptosis in odontogenic epithelium, apoptosis‐related factors and apoptotic cells were examined by immunohistochemistry and an in situ DNA nick end‐labelling method. Expression of bcl‐2 protein was detected in both normal and neoplastic odontogenic epithelium, whereas expression of p53 protein was detected only in neoplastic but not in normal odontogenic epithelium. The prevalence of cases positive for Lewisy antigen in ameloblastomas was significantly lower than in enamel organs. Correlation between these factors and apoptotic cells presented by an in situ DNA nick end‐labelling method was not clear. The number of apoptotic cells in ameloblastomas was significantly greater than in normal odontogenic epithelium, and apoptotic reactions in the granular cell type ameloblastoma tended to be more frequently detected than in other types of ameloblastomas. These results suggested that apoptotic cell death might play an important role in oncogenesis and‐or tissue differentiation in odontogenic epithelium.
Expression of p53, Ki‐67 and cytokeratin‐4 (CK4) in oral papillomas
Authors: Copete Maria A. , Wendt Karl , Chen Sow‐Yeh
Published: April 2006

P53 is overexpressed in more than 50% of all human cancers. A previous study suggested that p53 was also overexpressed in oral papillomas. This study was carried out to investigate whether p53 expression was correlated with expression of the cellular proliferation marker Ki‐67 and the epithelial differentiation marker cytokeratin‐4 (CK4) in oral papillomas. Formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded sections of 30 oral papilloma specimens and 30 unmatched normal oral mucosal specimens were processed for immunohistochemistry, using an avidin‐biotin‐ peroxidase procedure and monoclonal antibodies. A semiquantification analysis on p53 and Ki‐67 labeling indices was performed. Twenty‐eight of 30 (93%) papilloma specimens were positive for p53. The percentage of p53–positive cells in the basal layer was 60.4± 14.8 (mean±SD. n=28). and that of Ki‐67–positive cells was 26.7± 14.4. There was no correlation between expression of p53 and that of Ki‐67. Expression of CK4 was inversely correlated with the expression of Ki‐67 but not correlated with the expression of p53.
Dynamic distribution of basic fibroblast growth factor during epulis formation: an immunohistochemical study in an enhanced healing process of the gingiva
Authors: Murata Masashi , Hara Kohji , Saku Takashi
Published: April 2006

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is thought to play an important role in wound healing. However, its histological localization, both in normal and pathological conditions in the oral mucosa, has not been well documented. We have studied the immunolocalization of bFGF in normal gingiva and gingivaf epulis specimens corresponding to different organizing stages. In normal gingiva. bFGF was detected in subpopulations of macrophages. mast cells and most endothelial cells in the lamina propna. Granulation tissue in epulides was histopathologically classified into six organizing stages. In stages 1 and 2. a small number of bFGF‐positive macrophages was seen at the periphery of ulcer bases. In stages 3 and 4. histologically characterized by prominent capillary proliferation, large numbers of bFGF‐positive macrophages and mast celis were located within granulation tissue. A positive reaction for bFGF was also found in some endothelia! cells and in myxoedematous stroma that was rich in heparan sulfate proteoglycan. In stages 5 and 6, when fibrosis was accelerated. bFGF‐positive macrophages and mast cells decreased in number and were localized only at the periphery of the fibrous tissue. These findings suggest that maximum amounts of bFGF are synthesized and released from some macrophages and mast cells into the extracellular matrix during neovascularization of granulation tissue.
Exfoliative cheilitis (EC) in AIDS: association with Candida infection
Authors: Reichart P. A. , Weigel D. , Schmidt‐Westhausen A. , Pohle H.‐D.
Published: April 2006

Forty‐seven of 165 patients with AIDS (28.5%) showed exfoliative cheilitis (EC), predominantly of the lower lip (n=37). Histologically. hyphae were revealed in 23 of 47 cases 149%). In 14 of 23 specimens the histological and microbiological findings were in accordance. Smears of the vermilion border revealed Candida aibicans in half of the cases (51%); however, combinations with C. krusei. C. tropicalis and C. glabrata were also seen. Twenty of 35 patients given fluconazole either prophylactically or therapeutically showed clinical signs of oral candidiasis. Frequent moistening of the lips may result in infection of the vermilion border with Candida species: consequent desiccation of the lips will lead to scale formation and exfoliation. Smears of the vermilion border of the lower lip of 20 controls with AIDS were positive in four cases. Twenty HJV‐negative controls without EC showed negative microbiological results for Candida species. Exfoliative cheilitis may be associated with Candida infection in some cases and may be considered another variant of candidiasis in AIDS patients.
Possible Role of Natural Immune Response against Altered Fibroblasts in the Development of Post‐Operative Adhesions
Authors: Alpay Zeynep , Özgönenel Melike S. , Savaşan Süreyya , Buck Steven , Saed Ghassan M. , Diamond Michael P.
Published: May 2006

Problem

Post‐operative adhesion tissue fibroblasts (ATF) differ from normal peritoneal fibroblasts (NPF). Natural immune response participates in the elimination of altered cells. In this study, we investigated NPF and ATF expression patterns of immune response‐related markers, and lymphokine‐activated killer (LAK) cell‐mediated fibroblast elimination in vitro.

Method of study

Primary cell cultures of both NPF and ATF obtained from the same four patients were used in the experiments. The expression of CD54, CD40 and CD120b, and allogeneic LAK cell‐mediated ATF and NPF elimination were studied by flow cytometry.

Results

Average expression of CD54 in ATF was greater by 12.3‐fold compared with NPF (P = 0.021), with ratios of 2.4 and 1.9‐fold for CD40 (P < 0.001) and CD120b (P = 0.013), respectively. Average LAK cell‐mediated fibroblast killing was 1.8 ± 0.8‐fold greater in ATF over NPF (P = 0.008). Furthermore, LAK cell‐mediated fibroblast elimination correlated significantly with the increased CD40, CD54 and CD120b expression (R > 0.956; P < 0.05 for each).

Conclusions

These results demonstrate that ATF are more susceptible to lymphocyte‐mediated elimination than NPF and the development of adhesions despite this could be explained by either impaired or overwhelmed autologous natural immune response against reactive fibroblasts.
Endodontic treatment of experimental root perforations in dog teeth
Authors: Petersson Kerstin , Hasselgren Gunnar , Tronstad Leif
Published: April 2006

Abstract Experimental root perforations were made in 131 teeth of 5 mongrel dogs. The perforations were treated according lo five different endodontic techniques and the results were observed after 3 weeks, 3 months and 1 year. The histologic reaction was dominated by inflammation and downgrowth of gingival epithelial tissue, regardless of observation time, technique or material Used. The epithelial downgrowth resulted in the formation of periodontal pockets with the epithelial attachment apical to the perforation. The frequency of the periodontal pockets increased with increasing observation time and after 1 year 75% of the perforations were lined with epithelium. The inflammation at the perforation site apparently was maintained by irritants from the periodontal pockets.
Paget's disease of the mandible — a review and report of a case
Authors: Barnett Frederic , Elfenbein Leslie
Published: April 2006

Abstract Paget's disease is a chronic progressive disease of bone of unknown etiology. Jaw involvement is seen in approximately 17% of cases, and usually it is the maxilla that is involved. This is a report of a case of Paget's disease involving the mandible. An apparently uncommon observation was severe resorption of the roots of the 2nd molar tooth. Clinically the tooth appeared ankylosed. After surgical removal, the tooth was fixed, demineralized and paraffin sections were made. The microscopic evaluation revealed that the root structures had been replaced by osseous tissue by a mechanism of replacement resorption.
Dietary control of chronic maxillofacial pain
Authors: Seltzer Sameul
Published: April 2006

Abstract Chronic maxillofacial pain has been treated with a therapeutic diet consisting of approximately 80% carbohydrate, 10% protein and 10%, fat content, plus 3 g supplementary tryptophan daily. Overall, the treatment has been found to be 62% effective, as measured by either elimination of pain or at least a 50%, reduction in pain intensity. Pain reduction as measured by mean pain rating scales, increased linearly with the passage of time.
Endosonics – The ultrasonic synergistic system of endodontics
Authors: Martin Howard , Cunningham* Walter
Published: April 2006

Abstract Endosonics is an ultrasonic synergistic system of root canal instrumentation and disinfection. Specially made endosonic dies and diamond instruments are energized by means of a Cavitron ultrasound generator (above 20 kHz frequency). An endosonic insert is designed to allow the traditional endodontic irrigant, sodium hypochlorite, to pass through and along the endo‐sonic files. The irrigant is activated by the ultrasonic energy imparted from the energized instruments and the root canal becomes an ultrasonic bath. Thus, endosonics is a synergistic system. The ultrasonic energy makes the files vibrate and oscillate, facilitating the instrumentation of the root canal and, in addition, activates the irrigant for canal disinfection.
Evaluation of a comprehensive approach to teaching preclinical endodontics
Authors: Walker Richard T. , Quackenbush Larry E. , Renson C. Edward
Published: April 2006

Abstract The undergraduate dental students at Hong Kong‐University are introduced to endodontics early in their clinical years. One technique is taught and performed using dry mounted skulls in accordance with the objectives laid down by the British Endodontic Society. An accomplishment test at the end of the course allows students and teachers to evaluate the progress made.
Observer variations in radiographic evaluation of endodontic therapy
Authors: Lambrianidis Theodor
Published: April 2006

Abstract This study was designed to examine observer variations in radiographic interpretations of periapical conditions after endodontic therapy and when assessing the quality of the seal of root canal fillings. Radiographs of 90 teeth with 143 roots and 160 root canals, sampled at random from endodontically treated teeth, were evaluated by 9 dentists (3 endodontist, 3 oral radiologists, 3 general practitioners). Film interpretations were made independently by each observer and they were asked to complete pre‐designed forms where the criteria for the interpretation were noted. Nine weeks later the same radiographs were evaluated by 2 pairs of examiners, each pair consisting of 1 endodontist and 1 general practitioner. Complete agreement among all 9 individual observers was found in 38% of cases for the periapical conditions and in 41% for the quality of the seal. The corresponding figures for the pairs of examiners were 65%, and 57%, respectively.
Intracanal cementosis following induced apical closure
Authors: Harrison John Wylie , Rakusin Hedley
Published: April 2006

Abstract This case report details the treatment of a maxillary central incisor with an incomplete apex following trauma to the tooth. An apexification procedure was carried out and the patient was asymptomatic until the time of a subsequent accident. The tooth was fractured in the cervical third of the root, extracted and examined microscopically following decalcification. An interesting pattern of apical closure was noted, where in addition to an apical cementum bridge, a layer of cementum had been deposited along the walls of the root canal to the junction of the middle and cervical thirds.
Examination and neurologic assessment of children with orofacial trauma
Authors: Kopel Hugh M. , Johnson Ronald
Published: April 2006

Abstract Oro‐facial fractures, displacement of teeth and various other traumatic dental injuries may possibly be associated with damage to various aspects of the cranial nervous system. When evidence of these injuries is presented, it is the dentist's responsibility to make a thorough assessment. This paper presents a brief, yet adequate neurologic evaluation of the child patient with oro‐facial trauma which can be accomplished in five minutes. It includes a review of history, mental status, evaluation of gait, use of extremities, eye and facial movements, gag and facial sensations. When positive findings arc noted it is recommended that the patient be referred to a neurologist or an oral‐maxillofacial surgeon for further evaluation and treatment.
Mandibular molar with merging mesiobuccal and distal root canals
Authors: Rabie Geoffrey
Published: April 2006

Abstract A lower 2nd molar with an anomalous root canal anatomy is described. The floor of the pulp chamber showed the usual anatomic configuration with 2 mesial and 1 distal canal orifices. The mesiolingual canal had a normal course. However, the mesiobuccal and the distal canals merged to form 1 single canal in the apical 3 mm of the root.
Strengthening of immature teeth during long‐term endodontic therapy
Authors: Rabie G. , Trope M. , Tronstad L.
Published: April 2006

Abstract A method to strengthen a nonvital immature maxillary central incisor during long‐term endodontic therapy is described. Calcium hydroxide paste was packed into the root canal space, then removed to a level 3 mm apically to the osseous crest. A layer of IRM cement was placed over the paste to provide a bacteria‐tight seal. The coronal portion of the root canal as well as the pulp chamber were acid‐etched and filled with a composite resin in an attempt to strengthen the tooth. Access to the root canal was maintained by means of a vaseline‐coated plastic post placed centrally in the resin. After polymerization of the resin the post was removed and the space was sealed with zinc oxide and eugenol cement. After completion of the endodontic treatment the space was filled with the composite resin.
Quantification of stimuli
Authors: Ash Major M.
Published: April 2006

Abstract In the experimental setting where pain or discomfort is elicited, it is imperative that the different types of stimuli used (i.e., chemical, mechanical, thermal, and electrical) be quantified and other important factors be considered: (1) reproducibility of the stimulus, which depends upon its ability to be completely characterized and exactly measured; and (2) control of potential modifying factors winch might influence the pain threshold. Thus, the stimulus must be measurable, reproducible, and behaviorally predictable.
Statistical analysis and design characteristics of studies on dentinal sensitivity
Authors: Bhat Mohandas
Published: April 2006

Abstract This paper discusses the role of statistics in the design and data analysis of studies on dentinal sensitivity. Topics covered include selection of study subjects, estimation of sample size, assigning subjects to experimental and control groups and choosing the appropriate statistical analysis.
Markedly attenuated acute and chronic pain responses in mice lacking adenylyl cyclase‐5
Authors: Kim K.‐S. , Kim J. , Back S. K. , Im J.‐Y. , Na H. S. , Han P.‐L.
Published: May 2006

Chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain is often difficult to manage using conventional remedies. The underlying mechanisms and therapeutic strategies required for the management of chronic pain need to be urgently established. The cyclic AMP (cAMP) second messenger system has been implicated in the mechanism of nociception, and the inhibition of the cAMP pathway by blocking the activities of adenylyl cyclase (AC) and protein kinase A has been found to prevent chronic pain in animal models. However, little is known regarding which of the 10 known isoforms of AC are involved in nociceptive pathways. Therefore, we investigated the potential pronociceptive function of AC5 in nociception using recently developed AC5 knockout mice (AC5−/−). We found that AC5−/− mice show markedly attenuated pain‐like responses in acute thermal and mechanical pain tests as compared with the wildtype control. Also, AC5−/− mice display hypoalgesic responses to inflammatory pain induced by subcutaneous formalin injection into hindpaws, and to non‐inflammatory and inflammatory visceral pain induced by injecting magnesium sulfate or acetic acid into the abdomen. Moreover, AC5−/− mice show strongly suppressed mechanical and thermal allodynia in two nerve injury‐induced neuropathic pain models. These results suggest that AC5 is essential for acute and chronic pain, and that AC5 knockout mice provide a useful model for the evaluation of the pathophysiological mechanisms of pain.
Comparative biochemical characterization of nitrile‐forming proteins from plants and insects that alter myrosinase‐catalysed hydrolysis of glucosinolates
Authors: Burow Meike , Markert Jana , Gershenzon Jonathan , Wittstock Ute
Published: April 2006

The defensive function of the glucosinolate–myrosinase system in plants of the order Capparales results from the formation of isothiocyanates when glucosinolates are hydrolysed by myrosinases upon tissue damage. In some glucosinolate‐containing plant species, as well as in the insect herbivore Pieris rapae, protein factors alter the outcome of myrosinase‐catalysed glucosinolate hydrolysis, leading to the formation of products other than isothiocyanates. To date, two such proteins have been identified at the molecular level, the epithiospecifier protein (ESP) from Arabidopsis thaliana and the nitrile‐specifier protein (NSP) from P. rapae. These proteins share no sequence similarity although they both promote the formation of nitriles. To understand the biochemical bases of nitrile formation, we compared some of the properties of these proteins using purified preparations. We show that both proteins appear to be true enzymes rather than allosteric cofactors of myrosinases, based on their substrate and product specificities and the fact that the proportion of glucosinolates hydrolysed to nitriles does not remain constant when myrosinase activity varies. No stable association between ESP and myrosinase could be demonstrated during affinity chromatography, nevertheless some proximity of ESP to myrosinase is required for epithionitrile formation to occur, as evidenced by the lack of ESP activity when it was spatially separated from myrosinase in a dialysis chamber. The significant difference in substrate‐ and product specificities between A. thaliana ESP and P. rapae NSP is consonant with their different ecological functions. Furthermore, ESP and NSP differ remarkably in their requirements for metal ion cofactors. We found no indications of the involvement of a free radical mechanism in epithionitrile formation by ESP as suggested in earlier reports.
A Novel Plasma Filtration Therapy for Hepatic Failure: Preclinical Studies
Authors: Rozga Jacek , Umehara Yutaka , Trofimenko Andrey , Sadahiro Tomohito , Demetriou Achilles A
Published: April 2006

Abstract:  There is a need to develop artificial means of liver replacement and/or assistance with the aim of either supporting patients with borderline functional liver cell mass until their liver regenerates, or until a donor liver becomes available for transplantation. Selective plasma filtration is a novel approach to blood purification therapy designed to reduce the level of circulating toxins of hepatic and renal failure, mediators of inflammation and inhibitors of hepatic regeneration. The results of preclinical studies indicate that treatment of pigs with experimentally‐induced fulminant hepatic failure is safe and effective in extending survival time and arresting brain swelling. In addition, the amount of ammonia, aromatic amino acids, IL6, TNFα and C3a removed during the 6‐h treatment in the present study was higher by 34% to 175% than the total plasma content of those substances at the start of therapy.
Cell‐Free Artificial Liver Support: Design of Appropriate Clinical Studies
Authors: Bernal William , Wendon Julia
Published: April 2006

Abstract:  The clinical use of cell‐free liver support devices is dependent upon proof of safety and efficacy in clinical trials. The current published data to support their use is limited in both quantity and quality. In most studies, the methodology is such that the effects of these devices are difficult to establish with certainty. Bias might be introduced by the use of uncontrolled studies, and in randomized controlled trials limited size, poorly matched control groups or medical therapy or the use of clinically inappropriate endpoints might be important. Guidelines are now available to provide a framework for the design and execution of such trials, specifically to minimize the systematic errors that are frequently present and that might result in biased estimates of treatment effects. In the present review, the limitations of current studies are discussed and suggestions made as to the design and conduct of future clinical trials.
Immunoadsorption Plasmapheresis Using a Phenylalanine Column as an Effective Treatment for Lupus Nephritis
Authors: Sugimoto Kaoru , Yamaji Ken , Yang Kwang‐Seok , Kanai Yoshinori , Tsuda Hiroshi , Hashimoto Hiroshi
Published: April 2006

Abstract:  Immunoadsorption plasmapheresis (IAPP) is effective for eliminating pathogenic molecules such as anti‐DNA antibody (anti‐DNA Ab) and immune complexes from the serum of patients with systemic autoimmune diseases. The purpose of this study was to assess patients with lupus nephritis (LN) treated by IAPP using a phenylalanine column and determine its efficacy with respect to conventional therapies. Six patients (M = 1, F = 5) with histologically proven LN associated with proteinuria and abnormal sedimentation on urinalysis were the subjects for this study. All were treated with oral corticosteroid (prednisolone 1 mg/kg/day) and IAPP (Immusorba PH – 350; 2 L of plasma twice weekly for 2 weeks). Serum anti‐DNA Ab and complement, urinary protein, and creatinine clearance were measured over 6 weeks (pretreatment, before and after each of 2 IAPP sessions, and 1 and 4 weeks after the second IAPP session). Clinical efficacy of IAPP was compared with conventional pharmacotherapy regimes by conducting a retrospective review of 23 LN patients treated at our hospital using corticosteroid pulse therapy (CSPT, N = 7, intravenous methylprednisolone 500 mg/day for 3 days), intravenous cyclophosphamide pulse therapy (IVCY, N = 7), or corticosteroid monotherapy (CSMT, N = 9, oral prednisone 1 mg/kg body weight daily, for 4 weeks). Immunosuppressants and anticoagulants were not used. With IAPP, mean urinary protein excretion decreased from 2.2 ± 1.7 g/day pretreatment to 0.4 ± 0.6 g/day post‐treatment (P < 0.001). Mean serum anti‐DNA Ab also decreased from 84.0 ± 88.1 U/mL pretreatment to 5.8 ± 5.5 U/mL post‐treatment (P < 0.05). In combination with corticosteroid therapy, IAPP would appear to be an effective and safe treatment for LN.
Noncanonical Short Hole Jets-in-Crossflow for Turbine Film Cooling
Authors: Plesniak Michael W.
Published: May 2006

This paper presents a review of research done over the past several years at Purdue on non-canonical jets-in-crossflow. It is a retrospective and an integrative compilation of results previously reported as well as some new ones. The emphasis is on jets emanating from “short” holes, with length-diameter ratios of one or less. A canonical jet-in-crossflow configuration is one in which a fully developed jet issues from a long pipe fed by a large plenum, into a semi-infinite cross flow. The configuration presented here is noncanonical in the sense that jet issues from a short hole and thus the flow is unable to “adjust” to the hole, unlike the case of a long hole in which fully developed pipe flow can be attained. This is motivated by gas turbine film cooling applications. Experimental results acquired with particle image velocimetry will primarily be presented, with some complementary information gained from RANS simulations of the flow. Many different aspects of the problem have been investigated, and in this paper the focus will be on structural features within the hole and in the developing jet and crossflow interaction. A significant result is that the in-hole vortical structures, depending on their sense of rotation, tend to augment or weaken the primary counter-rotating vortex pair. This impacts global features such as jet trajectory and spreading.
Elimination ofEscherichia coliO157:H7 from Fermented Dry Sausages at an Organoleptically Acceptable Level of Microencapsulated Allyl Isothiocyanate
Authors: Chacon Pedro A. , Muthukumarasamy Parthiban , Holley Richard A.
Published: May 2006

Four sausage batters (17.59% beef, 60.67% pork, and 17.59% pork fat) were inoculated with two commercial starter culture organisms (>7 log10CFU/gPediococcus pentosaceusand 6 log10CFU/gStaphylococcus carnosus) and a five-strain cocktail of nonpathogenic variants ofEscherichia coliO157:H7 to yield 6 to 7 log10CFU/g. Microencapsulated allyl isothiocyanate (AIT) was added to three batters at 500, 750, or 1,000 ppm to determine its antimicrobial effects. For sensory analysis, separate batches with starter cultures and 0, 500, or 750 ppm microencapsulated AIT were produced. Sausages were fermented at ≤26°C and 88% relative humidity (RH) for 72 h. Subsequently sausages were dried at 75% RH and 13°C for at least 25 days. The water activity (aw), pH, and levels of starter cultures,E. coliO157:H7, and total bacteria were monitored during fermentation and drying. All sausages showed changes in the initial pH from 5.57 to 4.89 and in awfrom 0.96 to 0.89 by the end of fermentation and drying, respectively. Starter culture numbers were reduced during sausage maturation, but there was no effect of AIT on meat pH reduction.E. coliO157:H7 was reduced by 6.5 log10CFU/g in sausages containing 750 and 1,000 ppm AIT after 21 and 16 days of processing, respectively.E. coliO157:H7 numbers were reduced by 4.75 log10CFU/g after 28 days of processing in treatments with 500 ppm AIT, and the organism was not recovered from this treatment beyond 40 days. During sensory evaluation, sausages containing 500 ppm AIT were considered acceptable although slightly spicy by panelists.
Effect of temperature on yields in the radiolysis of nitrous oxide with high intensity electron pulses
Authors: Boyd A. W. , Willis C. , Miller O. A.
Published: May 2006

Nitrous oxide has been irradiated with single electron pulses at a dose rate of 0.8 × 1027 eV/g s at temperatures between 24 and 500 °C. The gas yields showed no dependence on temperature below 200 °C but above this G(N2) increased and G(O2) decreased. The yields were found to be independent of dose up to 4 × 1020 eV/g.
Le dimère de la cis dihydroxy-5,6 cyclohexène-2 dione-1,4
Authors: Savoie J. Y. , Brassard P.
Published: May 2006

The osmic acid catalyzed oxidation of p-benzoquinone by sodium chlorate has long been recognized to yield a dimeric substance. By using progressively more vigorous conditions of acetylation, it has been possible to prepare from it three acetates corresponding to the dimer and to products of increasing degrees of dehydration and aromatization. The compounds have now been identified as the tetraacetates of 1,2,6,7-tetrahydroxydibenzo-p-dioxine (2a), of 2-oxo-1,4a (trans),6,7-tetrahydroxy-1,2,4a,10a-tetrahydrodibenzo-cis-p-dioxinne (3) and of the monohemiacetal dimer of cis-5,6-dihydroxycyclohex-2-ene-1,4-dione(4b). The structure of the dimer in the solid state and in solution is discussed.