bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Temporal control of late replication and coordination of origin firing by self-stabilizing Rif1-PP1 hubs in
Drosophila
Authors: Cho Chun-Yi , Seller Charles A. , O’Farrell Patrick H.
Published: June 2022

In the metazoan S phase, coordinated firing of clusters of origins replicates different parts of the genome in a temporal program. Despite advances, neither the mechanism controlling timing nor that coordinating firing of multiple origins is fully understood. Rif1, an evolutionarily conserved inhibitor of DNA replication, recruits protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) and counteracts firing of origins by S-phase kinases. During the midblastula transition (MBT) in
Drosophila
embryos, Rif1 forms subnuclear hubs at each of the large blocks of satellite sequences and delays their replication. Each Rif1 hub disperses abruptly just prior to the replication of the associated satellite sequences. Here, we show that the level of activity of the S-phase kinase, DDK, accelerated this dispersal program, and that the level of Rif1-recruited PP1 retarded it. Further, Rif1-recruited PP1 supported chromatin association of nearby Rif1. This influence of nearby Rif1 can create a “community effect” counteracting kinase-induced dissociation such that an entire hub of Rif1 undergoes switch-like dispersal at characteristic times that shift in response to the balance of Rif1-PP1 and DDK activities. We propose a model in which the spatiotemporal program of late replication in the MBT embryo is controlled by self-stabilizing Rif1-PP1 hubs, whose abrupt dispersal synchronizes firing of associated late origins.
Metal cofactor stabilization by a partner protein is a widespread strategy employed for amidase activation
Authors: Page Julia E. , Skiba Meredith A. , Do Truc , Kruse Andrew C. , Walker Suzanne
Published: June 2022

Construction and remodeling of the bacterial peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall must be carefully coordinated with cell growth and division. Central to cell wall construction are hydrolases that cleave bonds in peptidoglycan. These enzymes also represent potential new antibiotic targets. One such hydrolase, the amidase LytH inStaphylococcus aureus, acts to remove stem peptides from PG, controlling where substrates are available for insertion of new PG strands and consequently regulating cell size. When it is absent, cells grow excessively large and have division defects. For activity, LytH requires a protein partner, ActH, that consists of an intracellular domain, a large rhomboid protease domain, and three extracellular tetratricopeptide repeats (TPRs). Here, we demonstrate that the amidase-activating function of ActH is entirely contained in its extracellular TPRs. We show that ActH binding stabilizes metals in the LytH active site and that LytH metal binding in turn is needed for stable complexation with ActH. We further present a structure of a complex of the extracellular domains of LytH and ActH. Our findings suggest that metal cofactor stabilization is a general strategy used by amidase activators and that ActH houses multiple functions within a single protein.
FGFR1 SUMOylation coordinates endothelial angiogenic signaling in angiogenesis
Authors: Zhu Xiaolong , Qiu Cong , Wang Yiran , Jiang Yuanqing , Chen Yefeng , Fan Linge , Ren Ruizhe , Wang Yunyun , Chen Yu , Feng Yanzhi , Zhou Xiaofei , Zhu Yunhui , Ge Zhen , Lai Dongwu , Qin Lingfeng , Simons Michael , Yu Luyang
Published: June 2022

Angiogenesis contributes fundamentally to embryonic development, tissue homeostasis, and wound healing. Basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) is recognized as the first proangiogenic molecule discovered, and it facilitates angiogenesis by activating FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) signaling in endothelial cells. However, the precise roles of FGFR and the FGF/FGFR signaling axis in angiogenesis remain unclear, especially because of the contradictory phenotypes of in vivo FGF and FGFR gene deficiency models. Our previous study results suggested a potential role of posttranslational small ubiquitin-like modifier modification (SUMOylation), with highly dynamic regulatory features, in vascular development and disorder. Here, we identified SENP1-regulated endothelial FGFR1 SUMOylation at conserved lysines responding to proangiogenic stimuli, while SENP1 functioned as the deSUMOylase. Hypoxia-enhanced FGFR1 SUMOylation restricted the tyrosine kinase activation of FGFR1 by modulating the dimerization of FGFR1 and FGFR1 binding with its phosphatase PTPRG. Consequently, it facilitated the recruitment of FRS2α to VEGFR2 but limited additional recruitment of FRS2α to FGFR1, supporting the activation of VEGFA/VEGFR2 signaling in endothelial cells. Furthermore, SUMOylation-defective mutation of FGFR1 resulted in exaggerated FGF2/FGFR1 signaling but suppressed VEGFA/VEGFR2 signaling and the angiogenic capabilities of endothelial cells, which were rescued by FRS2α overexpression. Reduced angiogenesis and endothelial sprouting in mice bearing an endothelial-specific, FGFR1 SUMOylation-defective mutant confirmed the functional significance of endothelial FGFR1 SUMOylation in vivo. Our findings identify the reversible SUMOylation of FGFR1 as an intrinsic fine-tuned mechanism in coordinating endothelial angiogenic signaling during neovascularization; SENP1-regulated FGFR1 SUMOylation and deSUMOylation controls the competitive recruitment of FRS2α by FGFR1 and VEGFR2 to switch receptor-complex formation responding to hypoxia and normoxia angiogenic environments.
Estimates from 31 countries show the significant impact of COVID-19 excess mortality on the incidence of family bereavement
Authors: Snyder Mallika , Alburez-Gutierrez Diego , Williams Iván , Zagheni Emilio
Published: June 2022

Excess mortality associated with the COVID-19 pandemic has led many to experience the loss of family members, with significant negative outcomes. We quantify the extent to which these population-wide rates of kin loss represent a departure from levels expected in the absence of COVID-19 excess mortality and consider which demographic groups are most likely to be affected. Results for biological kin in 31 countries indicate dramatic increases in excess kin loss associated with excess mortality and follow a generational pattern consistent with COVID-19 mortality risk by age. During periods of high excess mortality, the number of younger individuals losing a grandparent increased by up to 845 per 100,000, or 1.2 times expected levels (for individuals aged 30 to 44 y in the United Kingdom in April 2020), while the number of older individuals losing a sibling increased by up to 511 per 100,000 or 1.15 times (for individuals aged 65 y and over in Poland in November 2020). Our monthly multicountry estimates of excess kin loss complement existing point estimates of the number of individuals bereaved by COVID-19 mortality [Verdery et al.,
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
117, 17695–17701 (2020); Kidman et al.,
JAMA Pediatr.
175, 745–746 (2021); Hillis et al.,
Lancet
398, 391–402 (2021)] and highlight the role of heterogeneous excess mortality in shaping country experiences.
Clean room, uncomfortable bed
Authors: Smirnova Elizaveta
Published: June 2022

Online customer reviews, being an essential factor that determines success or failure in business, in particular in the tourism industry, demand close attention since the investigation of this type of discourse might bear some implications both for language specialists and for hotel managers. This paper is a quantitative and qualitative study of evaluation devices occurring in the corpus of hotel reviews fromBooking.com. The analysis is based on methods associated with corpus linguistics and Systemic Functional Linguistics (Halliday 1994;Eggins 2004), specifically, the Appraisal framework (Martin & White 2005), which is applied here to a new type of discourse, that of hotel ratings. The study focuses on the categories of Attitude, Graduation and Engagement suggested by Martin and White and investigates inscribed and invoked evaluation. In order to adapt the Attitude dimensions to the corpus under study, new subcategories were created as a contribution to evaluation theory. The practical result of the study is a list of evaluation devices employed in hotel reviews; the list may be useful for further corpus analyses and for designing systems for automated analysis of customer evaluation. Since online customer reviews are commonly used by hotels as a benchmark of their guests’ satisfaction and a valuable information source of features and services that need to be improved, the present study is also likely to make an important contribution to the industry.
Investigation of support transducer enabled higher-order radial bulk mode MEMS resonator and low phase noise oscillator
Authors: Sharma Kongbrailatpam Sandeep , Jen Hsin-Tung , Li Sheng-Shian , Pillai Gayathri
Published: June 2022

This work reports the successful excitation of a novel bulk acoustic mode whose actuation and sensing are facilitated by the support transducer topology (STT). The design methodology concurrently supports low motional impedance and high energy confinement features which are crucial for frequency reference components in Radio Frequency communication. A conventional bulk mode operating in the width extension (WE) mode is deployed to efficiently excite the higher-order radial mode using the STT design feature of resonant frequency matching. The thin-film piezoelectric on substrate support transducers excited in a WE mode is mechanically coupled to the bulk silicon allowing the acoustic energy of the MEMS resonator to be stored maximally in the high-quality factor (Q) resonant tank, thereby alleviating the overall losses due to low-Q of the piezoelectric thin film and electrode material. The resonator exhibits a Q of 19 728 at 63.56 MHz resonant frequency with a motional resistance (R
m) of 368 Ω when measured in vacuum at a power level of 0 dBm. Under cryogenic measurement conditions, the device recorded a Q of 24 153 at 15 K. A standalone WE resonator is studied to put a spotlight on the quality factor enhancement technique using the STT. The STT enabled novel bulk mode enhances the overall Q by 320% and halves the R
m. When implemented as an oscillator, its performance exceeds the Global System for Mobile communication standards phase noise (PN) requirements. PN of −136.95 dBc Hz−1 and −161.52 dBc Hz−1 at 1 kHz and 1 MHz offset, respectively, were recorded when normalized to a carrier frequency of 13 MHz.
Nanoparticle-enhanced multifunctional nanocarbons—recent advances on electrochemical energy storage applications
Authors: Ghosh Subrata , Polaki S R , Macrelli Andrea , Casari Carlo S , Barg Suelen , Jeong Sang Mun , Ostrikov Kostya (Ken)
Published: June 2022

As renewable energy is becoming a crucial energy source to meet the global demand, electrochemical energy storage devices become indispensable for efficient energy storage and reliable supply. The electrode material is the key factor determining the energy storage capacity and the power delivery of the devices. Carbon-based materials, specifically graphite, activated carbons etc, are extensively used as electrodes, yet their low energy densities impede the development of advanced energy storage materials. Decoration by nanoparticles of metals, metal oxides, nitrides, carbides, phosphides, chalcogenides and bimetallic components is one of the most promising and easy-to-implement strategies to significantly enhance the structural and electronic properties, pore refinement, charge storage and charge-transfer kinetics of both pristine and doped carbon structures, thereby making their performance promising for next-generation energy storage devices. Structuring the materials at nanoscale is another probable route for better rate performance and charge-transfer kinetics. This review covers the state-of-art nanoparticle decorated nanocarbons (NCs) as materials for battery anode, metal-ion capacitor anode and supercapacitor electrode. A critical analysis of the elemental composition, structure, associated physico-chemical properties and performance relationships of nanoparticle-decorated NC electrodes is provided as well to inform the future development of the next-generation advanced energy storage materials and devices.
Tailoring the electrical and thermal transport properties of LaCoO3 ceramic by band engineering and Fermi energy optimization via isovalent Al-substitution for thermoelectric application
Authors: Mohamed Jibri K P , Harish S , Archana J , Navaneethan M
Published: June 2022

Recognizing high performance thermoelectric (TE) ceramics is challenging due to high thermal conductivity and interdependent electrical and thermal transport properties. Herein we report the strategy of isovalent Al substitution in LaCoO3, which resulted in the enhancement of electrical conductivity by band engineering and increased charge carrier mobility via effective mass and Fermi energy optimization. The Al substitution in LaCoO3 not only enhances the electrical transport properties but also decrease the lattice thermal conductivity through enhanced phonon scattering originated from the lattice strain induced by huge mass fluctuation of Co and substituted Al atom. The results indicate that the electrical conductivity increase with increasing the Al substitution and the maximum value of 642 S cm−1 was observed at 753 K and the maximum power factor (73.3 µW m−1K−2) was achieved at 703 K for the sample LaCo0.97Al0.03O3. The Al-substitution enhanced the charge carrier mobility from 0.21 cm2 V−1 s−1 to 51.6 cm2 V−1 s−1 by decreasing the effective mass from 28.76*me to 12.76*me. The decreased carrier concentration with Al substitution is due to the upward shift of Fermi energy towards the conduction band. The lowest thermal conductivity value (0.87 W m−1K−1) was obtained at 303 K for the sample LaCo0.95Al0.05O3. The lattice thermal conductivity of LaCo0.95Al0.05O3 (1.259 W m−1K−1) was reduced about 48% when compared with pure LaCoO3 (2.437 W m−1K−1) at 753 K. The present work reveals the importance of decoupling the electrical and thermal transport properties in achieving high performance TE ceramics.
Correlation of SiO2 etch rate in CF4 plasma with electrical circuit parameter obtained from VI probe in inductively coupled plasma etcher
Authors: Lee Nayeon , Lee Woohyun , Kwon Ohyung , Chung Chin-Wook
Published: June 2022

The plasma etch process has become more difficult and longer than other processes and the etch process engineers have tried to confirm whether the results of etch process were normal by monitoring the equipment. However, it is difficult for the engineers unfamiliar with plasma to discover the parameter correlated to the real etch results, so the intuitive parameter to easily estimate the etch results is required. In this study, we focused on analyzing the correlation of the etch rates of SiO2 in CF4 plasma with electrical circuit parameters closely related to genuine plasma, which were obtained by chamber modeling and VI probe. We also introduced the intuitive parameter by combining several electrical circuit parameters to estimate the etch rate more precisely. The proposed parameter was strongly correlated to the etch rates and the coefficient of determination between the etch rates and the proposed parameter was over 0.94. We expect that using the proposed parameter can contribute to maintaining the stability of etch process.
TCAD study of high breakdown voltage AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with embedded passivation layer
Authors: Wu Jianfeng , Xu Conghui , Fan Yangtao , Liu Xingyi , Zhong Zhibai , Yin Jun , Zhang Chunmiao , Li Jing , Kang Junyong
Published: June 2022

The breakdown characteristics of AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors are one of the most important parameters for practical applications when used as power devices. In this study, the relationship between the relative permittivity of the passivation layers and the breakdown voltages in the off state was investigated in detail using TCAD simulations. An embedded double-passivation layer was proposed to enhance the breakdown voltage of the devices. This device structure was realized using an additional step of etching and opening holes on the edge of the gate metal, followed by the deposition of the embedded passivation films. The extracted electric field shows that this embedded passivation layer not only can improve the breakdown characteristics of the device like using a single high-k passivation film but also presents as the function of the ‘Metal Field Plate’, additionally resulting in the enlarged breakdown voltage. Further theoretical simulations indicated that the greater the difference between the dielectric constants of the high/low passivation materials, the higher the breakdown voltage can be obtained.
Nanogold-capped poly(DEGDMA) microparticles as surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrates for DNA detection
Authors: Mahmood Malik H , Jaafar Ali , Himics László , Péter László , Rigó István , Zangana Shereen , Bonyár Attila , Veres Miklós
Published: June 2022

A novel platform for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) was fabricated consisting of diethylene glycol dimethacrylate microparticles prepared by gamma-radiation initiated polymerization and decorated with gold nanoparticles. The comparison of bare and decorated microparticles shows significant SERS enhancement in the Raman signal of rhodamine 6G on the latter. For 532, 633 and 785 nm excitations the near-infrared one was found to show the highest enhancement on the substrate, which also showed excellent temporal stability and spatial uniformity. The practical application potential of the SERS substrate is demonstrated with the detection of deoxyribonucleic acid sequences.
Square skyrmion crystal in centrosymmetric systems with locally inversion-asymmetric layers
Authors: Hayami Satoru
Published: June 2022

We investigate an instability toward a square-lattice formation of magnetic skyrmions in centrosymmetric layered systems. By focusing on a bilayer square-lattice structure with the inversion center at the interlayer bond instead of the atomic site, we numerically examine the stability of the square skyrmion crystal (SkX) based on an effective spin model with the momentum-resolved interaction in the ground state through the simulated annealing. As a result, we find that a layer-dependent staggered Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya (DM) interaction built in the lattice structure becomes the origin of the square SkX in an external magnetic field irrespective of the sign of the interlayer exchange interaction. The obtained square SkX is constituted of the SkXs with different helicities in each layer due to the staggered DM interaction. Furthermore, we show that the interplay between the staggered DM interaction and the interlayer exchange interaction gives rise to a double-Q state with a uniform component of the scalar chirality in the low-field region. The present results provide another way of stabilizing the square SkX in centrosymmetric magnets, which will be useful to explore further exotic topological spin textures.
FEM simulation-determined band pass filter method with continuously changed bandwidth for fault detection in axial piston pumps
Authors: Guo Jianchun , Si Zetian , Liu Yi , Li Jiahao , Li Yanting , Xiang Jiawei
Published: June 2022

The development of bearing fault detection methods is of great significance for the performance maintenance of axial piston pumps. However, the reciprocating movement induced strong natural periodic impulses that completely submerged the fault characteristic frequencies of the axial piston pump. To solve this problem, a finite element method (FEM)-based band-pass filter method was proposed, combined with minimum entropy deconvolution. However, the performance is determined by the selected band-pass filter bandwidth and the pre-treated denoise techniques. In the present study, an improved version of the FEM-based band-pass filter method was developed by continuously changing the bandwidth of the filter. First, the central frequency was determined using the FEM-based band-pass filter method. Second, the bandwidths of the constructed band-pass filters were continuously changed with a certain incremental step to obtain multiple filtered signals from the raw signals. Third, the normalized Hilbert envelope spectra were collected from the filtered signals. Finally, the projection figure is obtained by automatically taking the spectrum lines with maximum amplitudes in the normalized Hilbert envelope spectra, and the fault features are further determined. The experimental results show that the bearing faults in the axial piston pump can be successfully detected using the proposed method. Compared to the original FEM-based band-pass filter method, the improved version does not require bandwidth selection of the band-pass filter and pre-treated denoising method.
Multi-physical field joint monitoring of buried gas pipeline leakage based on BOFDA
Authors: Zhang Pingsong , Liu Chang , Yao Duoxi , Ou Yuanchao , Tian Yutong
Published: June 2022

Determining the leakage location in an underground gas pipeline is a serious technical problem. Distributed fiber optic testing technology based on Brillouin optical frequency domain analysis (BOFDA) can be used for monitoring the change in the strain and temperature of the surrounding media caused by the gas leakage. In this study, a point source leakage model was built. The distributed fiber optic strain and actively heated fiber optic were installed around the pipeline to monitor the gas pipeline leakage. Variations in the strain and temperature characteristics of the pipeline under different gas pressure conditions were found to be in the range of −392–402 μϵ and 3.5 °C during the 1.0 MPa gas leakage, respectively. When the soil model was loaded with a gas leakage pressure of 0.3–1.0 MPa, a significant variation in strain and temperature was noticed. The copper mesh actively heated fiber optic can effectively identify the location of the leak. Meanwhile, the heating rate of the actively heated fiber optic cables in different media environments were obtained and ranked from fast to slow: air, followed by general soil, followed by leakage soil. This led to the generation of new technology to detect the leakage location of buried gas pipelines through actively heated optical cables.
MOF-derived nitrogen-doped carbon-based trimetallic bifunctional catalysts for rechargeable zinc-air batteries
Authors: Zhu Bo , Li Jing , Hou Zhanrui , Meng Chuizhou , Liu Guihua , Du Xiaohang , Guan Yuming
Published: June 2022

Zinc-air battery (ZAB) is a promising new metal-air energy system, but the large overpotentials of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) around the air electrode lead to their poor energy efficiency. Herein, a novel bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst is reported with the preparation of a zeolite imidazolate framework (ZIF-67) derived trimetallic composites decorated nitrogen-doped carbon, which consist of NiFe alloy and Co nanoparticles. The ZIF-derived porous N-doped carbon shell can speed up the mass transfer efficiency. Whereas the electronic effect between the formed NiFe alloy and Co nanoparticles, as well as the N-doped carbon framework can enrich the active centers and enhance the electrical conductivity. As a result, the NiFe-Co@NC-450 catalyst shows superior performance manifested as a small potential gap (ΔE = 0.857 V) between the overpotential at 10 mA cm−2 (E
j=10) for OER (460 mV) and half-wave potential (E
1/2) for ORR (0.833 V). The liquid ZABs exhibit a high specific capacity reaching 798 mAh/gZn and a stable cycling performance at 10 mA cm−2 for more than 200 h. Meanwhile, the NiFe-Co@NC-450 based flexible ZABs also presents robust flexibility and stability. This study has certain implications for the development of economical, powerful and stable bifunctional catalysts for ZABs.
Virtual computed-tomography system for deep-learning-based material decomposition
Authors: Fujiwara Daiyu , Shimomura Taisei , Zhao Wei , Li Kai-Wen , Haga Akihiro , Geng Li-Sheng
Published: June 2022

Objective. Material decomposition (MD) evaluates the elemental composition of human tissues and organs via computed tomography (CT) and is indispensable in correlating anatomical images with functional ones. A major issue in MD is inaccurate elemental information about the real human body. To overcome this problem, we developed a virtual CT system model, by which various reconstructed images can be generated based on ICRP110 human phantoms with information about six major elements (H, C, N, O, P, and Ca). Approach. We generated CT datasets labelled with accurate elemental information using the proposed generative CT model and trained a deep learning (DL)-based model to estimate the material distribution with the ICRP110 based human phantom as well as the digital Shepp–Logan phantom. The accuracy in quad-, dual-, and single-energy CT cases was investigated. The influence of beam-hardening artefacts, noise, and spectrum variations were analysed with testing datasets including elemental density and anatomical shape variations. Main results. The results indicated that this DL approach can realise precise MD, even with single-energy CT images. Moreover, noise, beam-hardening artefacts, and spectrum variations were shown to have minimal impact on the MD. Significance. Present results suggest that the difficulty to prepare a large CT database can be solved by introducing the virtual CT system and the proposed technique can be applied to clinical radiodiagnosis and radiotherapy.
RETRACTED: Potential application of AlP nanosheet semiconductor in the detection of toxic phosgene, thiophosgene, and formaldehyde gases
Authors: Dheyauldeen Salahdin Omar , H Kzar Hamzah , Jade Catalan Opulencia Maria , Abdulkadhim Adnan Hashim , Hammid Ali Thaeer , Ebadi Abdol Ghaffar
Published: June 2022

The efficient detection and removal of noxious chemicals is essential for human health and environmental security. Here, we have explored the sensitivity and selectivity of aluminum phosphide nanosheet (AlPNS) toward toxic phosgene (Ph), thiophosgene (ThP), and formaldehyde (FD) gases, using density functional theory simulations. The interaction is interpreted by considering the optimized geometries, adsorption energies, natural bond orbital, frontier molecular orbital, and molecular descriptors analyses. The adsorption energies of Ph, ThP, and FD are about −17.9, −18.8, −19.3 kcal mol−1, respectively. The structural geometries show that the Al atoms are the most favorable adsorption sites. The energy gap change and sensitivity are quantitatively determined in order to evaluate the sensing capability of the AlPNS. Among the gases, the sensitivity of the AlPNS is superior toward ThP, which is revealed by the high sensing response of 100.5 and short recovery time of 11.6 s. This research will help experimentalists to devise novel sensors based on AlPNS.
Spinor-induced instability of kinks, holes and quantum droplets
Authors: Kartashov Yaroslav V , Lashkin V M , Modugno Michele , Torner Lluis
Published: June 2022

We address the existence and stability of one-dimensional (1D) holes and kinks and two-dimensional (2D) vortex-holes nested in extended binary Bose mixtures, which emerge in the presence of Lee–Huang–Yang (LHY) quantum corrections to the mean-field energy, along with self-bound quantum droplets. We consider both the symmetric system with equal intra-species scattering lengths and atomic masses, modeled by a single (scalar) LHY-corrected Gross–Pitaevskii equation (GPE), and the general asymmetric case with different intra-species scattering lengths, described by two coupled (spinor) GPEs. We found that in the symmetric setting, 1D and 2D holes can exist in a stable form within a range of chemical potentials that overlaps with that of self-bound quantum droplets, but that extends far beyond it. In this case, holes are found to be always stable in 1D and they transform into pairs of stable out-of-phase kinks at the critical chemical potential at which localized droplets turn into flat-top states, thereby revealing the connection between localized and extended nonlinear states. In contrast, we found that the spinor nature of the asymmetric systems may lead to instability of 1D holes, which tend to break into two gray states moving in the opposite directions. Remarkably, such instability arises due to spinor nature of the system and it affects only holes nested in extended modulationally-stable backgrounds, while localized quantum droplet families remain completely stable, even in the asymmetric case, while 1D holes remain stable only close to the point where they transform into pairs of kinks. We also found that symmetric systems allow fully stable 2D vortex-carrying single-charge states at moderate amplitudes, while unconventional instabilities appear also at high amplitudes. Symmetry also strongly inhibits instabilities for double-charge vortex-holes, which thus exhibit unexpectedly robust evolutions at low amplitudes.
Cooperation in costly-access environments
Authors: Pérez-Martínez Hugo , Gracia-Lázaro Carlos , Dercole Fabio , Moreno Yamir
Published: June 2022

Understanding cooperative behavior in biological and social systems constitutes a scientific challenge, being the object of intense research over the past decades. Many mechanisms have been proposed to explain the presence and persistence of cooperation in those systems, showing that there is no unique explanation, as different scenarios have different possible driving forces. In this paper, we propose a model to study situations in which voluntary participation involves an access cost to the cooperative interaction, besides the cost associated with cooperation. The proposed costly-access prisoner’s dilemma (PD), a symmetric donation game with voluntary and costly participation, breaks the symmetry between abstainers and participants of the voluntary PD. A mean-field approach shows that, in well-mixed populations, the dynamic always leads the system to abstention. However, depending on the return parameter, numerical simulations in structured populations display an alternating behavior between mono-strategic, multi-stable, and coexistence phases. This behavior is fully explained through a theoretical analysis of the strategic motifs, the transitions being determined by the change in stability of those motifs.
EW radiative corrections to theory predictions of charge asymmetry for W-boson hadroproduction
Authors: Ocalan Kadir
Published: June 2022

The higher-order predictions of the lepton charge asymmetry

A

η

l

(the W-boson charge asymmetry

A

y

W

) for the leptonic final state of the W-boson hadroproduction in proton–proton (pp) collisions are presented. The predictions from the state-of-the-art computations are reported for achieving adequate description of the

A

η

l

by including next-to-leading order (NLO) electroweak (EW) radiative corrections in combination with next-to-NLO (NNLO) quantum chromodynamics (QCD) radiative corrections. The combined predictions NNLO QCD+NLO EW and NNLO QCD × NLO EW, based on standard additive and factorised combination prescriptions in turn, are provided in the fiducial phase space of the pseudorapidity of the decay lepton (of the rapidity of the W-boson), comprising both central and forward detector acceptance regions as η

l
≤ 4.5 (y

W
≤ 4.5). The inclusion of the NLO EW effects for the

A

η

l

(

A

y

W

) constitutes additional input for the relative u- and d-quark densities in the proton, which is also of high importance in the domain of the high-precision studies. The predicted

A

η

l

distributions are compared with the actual measurements by CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiments at 8 TeV pp collisions energies. The combined predictions for the

A

η

l

(

A

y

W

) distributions are also provided in comparisons with the NNLO QCD predictions at both 13 TeV and 14 TeV energies. The impact of the NLO EW corrections for the

A

η

l

(

A

y

W

) distributions is extensively assessed by means of relative correction factor analysis with respect to the NNLO QCD predictions, in addition to a detailed K-factor analysis with respect to the leading order (LO) accuracy. The predicted results show that the NLO EW effects have larger impact in the forward η

l
region of the

A

η

l

contrary to the central η

l
region, and is sizable in some of the y

W
ranges of the

A

y

W

. The paper suggests inclusion of the presented EW corrections at NLO to have explicit accounting for the EW effects for the

A

η

l

(

A

y

W

) in phenomenological studies.
Optical second-and third harmonic radiation generation in a laser-produced plasma
Authors: Singh Mamta , Gupta Devki Nandan
Published: June 2022

The harmonic generation of a laser in gases is strictly dependent on the ionization dynamics. In this work, we study optical second and third harmonic radiation generation of a laser in an ionizing gas incorporating the electron-ion recombination effects. Neutral gas is irradiated by an intense laser field which generates free-electrons by tunnel ionization. If the laser pulse is long enough, the electron-ion recombination effects need to be accounted for laser dynamics in plasmas. The laser is assumed to have intensity near the tunnel ionization threshold so as to get plasma density varying with time, which in turn gives rise to strong second and third harmonic radiation fields. Here we demonstrate enhanced second- and third-harmonic generation in tunnel-ionizing gas by an intense laser pulse incorporating the effect of electron-ion recombination. The results show that the inclusion of electron-ion recombination reduces the laser defocusing and hence enhances the harmonic radiation amplitudes. A systematic numerical analysis has been done to understand the underlined physics.
Single-frequency lasing in a CW TEМ00 Nd:YVO4 disk laser with an M-type degenerate cavity and three-beam pumping
Authors: Guryev D A , Kashin V V , Nikolaev D A , Tsvetkov V B
Published: June 2022

We demonstrate a continuous-wave TEM00 Nd:YVO4 disk laser with three-beam pumping and a two-mirror degenerate cavity configuration operating in a single-frequency regime without any intracavity wavelength selectors. The estimated lasing linewidth from the measurement was less than 200 MHz at the maximum output power of 1.35 W.
Exponentially-improved asymptotics and numerics for the (un)perturbed first Painlevé equation*
Authors: Olde Daalhuis Adri B
Published: June 2022

The solutions of the perturbed first Painlevé equation y″ = 6y
2 − x

μ
, μ > −4, are uniquely determined by the free constant C multiplying the exponentially small terms in the complete large x asymptotic expansions. Full details are given, including the nonlinear Stokes phenomenon, and the computation of the relevant Stokes multipliers. We derive asymptotic approximations, depending on C, for the locations of the singularities that appear on the boundary of the sectors of validity of these exponentially-improved asymptotic expansions. Several numerical examples illustrate the power of the approximations. For the tri-tronquée solution of the unperturbed first Painlevé equation we give highly accurate numerics for the values at the origin and the locations of the zeros and poles.
The effect of proportion of ganyong starch and waste of straw rice on biodegradable foam production as sustainable packaging
Authors: Sari Gresita Fitaloka
Published: June 2022

Biodegradable foam (biofoam) packaging is a prospective packaging material that could developed from starch. Canna as a starch sources tuber of 93.30% consist of amylose content of 42.40% and amylopectin 50.90% is not utilized optimally. Nevertheless, starch-based foams are brittle, hydrophilic and rigid. Natural fiber-based material such a rice straw could be added as a cavity filler; thus, obtained a strong and sturdy product. The method used for producing biofoam was the baking process at a temperature of 170°C for 15 minutes. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of canna starch and rice straw fiber proportion on biofoam quality. The formulations used between canna starch and rice straw fiber were 4:0, 3:1, 2:2, and 1:3. Treatment with a ratio of 2:2 showed the best biodegradability for an average solubility and degradation of 18.900% and 82.693%, respectively. Meanwhile, the density parameter obtained from treatment with ratio of 1:3 of 0.225 gr/cm3 as the lightest density due contains more straw fiber. The results of the SEM test showed that the dough was not homogeneous, and no cavity formed in the biofoam structure. In addition, the results of the FTIR showed there was not alteration in the compound content from biofoam produced.
Extraction of catfish bone waste (pangasius hypophtalmus) by utilizing an organic liquid of pineapple peel waste (ananas comosus) into gelatin
Authors: Oktaviani Rz Ira , Uthia Rahimatul , Jannah Fathul , Yandra Alexsander
Published: June 2022

This study aims to determine how to extract the gelatin from catfish bones by using pineapple peel waste as a soaking material in the pre-treatment stage and examining the physicochemical properties of the gelatin produced. Kampung Patin in Kampar Regency, Riau Province, is one of the catfish cultivations in Indonesia. It is a center for producing catfish that produces fish bone waste. In this study, gelatin extraction will be undertaken in several stages: the preparation of pineapple waste liquid extract and gelatin extraction (pre-treatment and main extraction stages). Catfish bones will be soaked in 1:5 (m/v) pineapple waste liquid at the pre-treatment stage for 24 hours. While in the central extraction, ossein will be immersed in water at a temperature of 750C for 5 hours. The analysis results for physicochemical characteristics of gelatin obtained include yield of 2.55, pH of 4.58, water content; 11.66%, ash content; 17.71%, crude fat content; 0.17%, protein content; 64.71%. It can be inferred that it meets the established gelatin quality standards from various physicochemical characteristics of gelatin in this study.
Exploring the herbaceous plant height and dry matter relationship on a sub-humid rangeland in Zimbabwe
Authors: Zezai T A , Mugabe P H , Imbayarwo-Chikosi V E
Published: June 2022

A study was carried out at the University of Zimbabwe Farm, to assess and quantify the correlation between plant canopy height and biomass in the rangelands of Zimbabwe. Two range sites, bush grassland and grassland, were selected and three paddocks within each range site were sampled. Four 25 m long transects were drawn in the four cardinal directions from the paddock center. Five 0.25 m2 quadrants were located at 5 m intervals on each transect line. Common plant species in both bush grassland and grassland range sites were Sporobolus pyramidalis, Hyparrhenia filipendula, Cynodon dactylon, and Eragrostis curvula. There was a significant (P<0.05) linear relationship between plant height and biomass for both range sites. There was a significant (P>0.05) quadratic relationship between plant height and biomass for grassland but not for the bush grassland. Pearson Correlation Coefficient (r) was 0.929 for grassland and 0.717 for bush grassland. The regression equation was y = 15.82x – 0.02x2 for bush grassland and y = 15.88x – 0.27x2 for grassland. The coefficient of determination (r2) for grassland was 0.863 and 0.514 for bush grassland. Variation in plant height explained 86.3% of the variation in biomass for grassland and 51.4% for bush grassland accordingly.
A comprehensive review on power tillers usage – bottlenecks and prospects in India
Authors: R Krishnadas , R Renganathan
Published: June 2022

Agriculture mechanization is essential to increasing agricultural productivity and lowering production costs via timely agricultural operations.. The vast majority of farmers in India (86 percent) are small and marginal. Due to their limited financial resources, they are unable to acquire heavy machinery like tractors and tractor-drawn implements. Power tillers, on the other hand, are less expensive and more adaptable tools that may be used for a wide range of farm tasks. Since power tillers are more suited to small-scale farms than tractors, they have been a key component of the plan. Plows and dry-tillage machines, as well as weeding and intercultural tasks, pesticide application (such as spraying and dusting), crop harvesting (such as thinning), and post-harvest handling (such as bagging) may all be accomplished with the help of power tillers. It is easy to maintain, and the operator does not require any special training to fix it on the spot. A variety of external attachments are available, or can be constructed, depending on the nature of the task at hand for the purposes of creating a realistic picture of India’s power tiller market and examining previous studies on the topic, this research was carried out to determine the current state of the power tiller in India and to determine the potential for growth in the future as well as any obstacles that may stand in the way of widespread adoption. The study shows that a power tiller can accomplish agricultural chores in a timely way, with higher production and less drudgery, thanks to its adaptability.
Resetting the ground fault relay on a 28 MVA power transformer due to grounding method retrofit
Authors: Eteruddin Hamzah , Arlenny  , Siswanto Hadi , Arief Yanuar Z. , Hasanti Fathimah
Published: June 2022

The goal of the retrofit at Zamrud substation is to transform a 28 MVA power transformer’s neutral point grounding system from direct grounding to grounding using a 20 Ohm Neutral Grounding Resistor (NGR). The amount of short-circuit current produced will fluctuate with the installation of NGR. It is necessary to re-setting the Ground Fault Relay (GFR) on Zamrud substation. To estimate the value of the short-circuit current after installing the NGR, the impedance matrix approach is used to calculate it. According to the results, LG’s largest short-circuit current is 397.83 A and its smallest is 313.55 A. Meanwhile LLG has a maximum short-circuit current of 5.334.30 A and a minimum short-circuit current of 943.31 A. Therefore, after NGR installation, the value of the relay setting is as follows: GFR pickup current on the transformer grounding GFR relay is 234.29 A, GFR pickup current on the neutral feeder 1 is 19.96 A, GFR pickup current on the neutral feeder 2 is 30.42 A, and GFR pickup current on the neutral feeder 3 is 38.40 A.
Development of internet of things-based monitoring system for application solar energy technology in Bunaken island
Authors: Rumbayan M , Pundoko I , Ruindungan D , Panjaitan N V
Published: June 2022

There are some barriers to monitoring and evaluating power plant systems in a remote location; thus, Internet of Things (IoT) enabled systems can be leveraged remotely. This solution is a part of implementing renewable energy-based technology for coastal communities on the small remote island, such as Bunaken Island. Furthermore, this study aims to develop an IoT-based monitoring system of solar energy utilization as a renewable energy source for off-grid solar home systems in remote areas. The methods of this study refer to the stages of the method research and development (R&D) that consist of designing and testing the product of IoT-based solar PV monitoring system. Moreover, this study indicates that the IoT-reported system can report the performance of the remote solar power systems installed in Bunaken Island.
Technical analysis on household energy consumption: LMDI decomposition index and innovative
Authors: Murni Yetty , sudarmaji Eka , Ambarwati Sri , Nasip Ismiriati
Published: June 2022

For decades, Indonesia’s Economic Development had achieved great high growth rates by using more labor input, capital investment, physical and human, and fostering competition. Over time, Indonesia’s energy intensity, which historically always been high compared to other industrialized economies. This study aimed to analyze decomposition factors of energy consumption by analyzing the link between the other nine factors and household energy use. The Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index were used to identify the determinant variables that drove a household’s energy usage. This study used a Time-series VECM model for prediction model analysis. The Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) and decomposition index were used to identify the determining technological, economic, and social factors driving a household’s energy consumption evolution. We analyzed the outcomes after applying the LMDI. We provided econometric individual time series VEC models, which we used for three targeting models: social, economic, and technical factors. We discovered that economic variables were the most significant factors that aggravated the change in household energy consumption based on LMDI. Technical factors, on the other hand, were the lowest. We found that the government might reduce its energy use over time by improving technological factors. Energy efficiency had been a cornerstone in managing growing energy use. The declining relevance of fewer labor-force in the previous decade was reflected in the negative indication of social factors at home. We discovered that the models were more stable while using Time Series VECM.
The effect of giving chia seeds on the bodyweight of pregnant mice (Mus Musculus L.)
Authors: Uthia R , Rz I O
Published: June 2022

Chia seeds (Salvia hispanica L.) are becoming a trend for consumption by employees of the Health Ministry Polytechnic of Riau. This support by many studies on the benefits of consuming these seeds for a diet to lose weight or maintain ideal body weight. Several studies also reported that Chia seeds lower and maintain blood cholesterol levels. This study was to see the effect of giving Chia seeds on the body weight of pregnant mice. This research use laboratory experimental methods, which is analogous to the condition of pregnant women on mice. Chia seeds are administrating into three groups of 4 g; 8 g; 16 g and compared to one control group. The administration starts on the 6th to 15th day of pregnancy. Bodyweights measured at the beginning of pregnancy until before parturition. The results showed that giving Chia seeds did not affect the weight gain of pregnant mice (P>0.05). So from this study concluded that giving Chia seeds does not affect body weight in pregnant mice.
Supplementing mineral selenium and vitamin e in diets on in vivo digestibility, blood glucose, and urea levels of cows
Authors: Pamungkas D. , Putri A.S. , Firdaus F. , Widiyawati R. , Dikman D.M.
Published: June 2022

In such condition as of mating, pregnant and delivering calves, cows were often having deficiency in micro minerals, causing their reproductive functions to be less than optimal. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Selenium and Vitamin E (SeVE) addition in diets on in vivo digestibility, blood glucose and urea levels. A total of 30 Ongole Crossbred cows (I3-I4 Aged, Body Weight 423.8 ☐ 75.0 kg, and Body Condition Score 3.1 ☐ 0.2) were used in this experiment. The study was conducted for 13 weeks. Animals were prepared to be inseminated by the Belgian Blue straws. They were kept in individual cages and were divided into two treatments, namely (P0) = basal diets and (P1) = basal diets + SeVE. The diets given were elephant grass and concentrate (3% of body weight). The results showed that addition SeVE increased digestibility of organic matter and crude protein, increased blood Se and urea levels, but did not show significant effect on blood glucose levels. In subsequent observations, SeVE addition turned out to have a positive effect on the incidence of pregnancy.