bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lagged effects regulate the inter-annual variability of the tropical carbon balance
Authors: Bloom A. Anthony , Bowman Kevin W. , Liu Junjie , Konings Alexandra G. , Worden John R. , Parazoo Nicholas C. , Meyer Victoria , Reager John T. , Worden Helen M. , Jiang Zhe , Quetin Gregory R. , Smallman T. Luke , Exbrayat Jean-François , Yin Yi , Saatchi Sassan S. , Williams Mathew , Schimel David S.
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Inter-annual variations in the tropical land carbon (C) balance are a
dominant component of the global atmospheric CO2 growth rate.
Currently, the lack of quantitative knowledge on processes controlling net
tropical ecosystem C balance on inter-annual timescales inhibits accurate understanding and projections of land–atmosphere C exchanges. In particular, uncertainty on the relative contribution of ecosystem C fluxes attributable
to concurrent forcing anomalies (concurrent effects) and those attributable
to the continuing influence of past phenomena (lagged effects) stifles
efforts to explicitly understand the integrated sensitivity of a tropical ecosystem to climatic variability. Here we present a conceptual
framework – applicable in principle to any land biosphere model – to
explicitly quantify net biospheric exchange (NBE) as the sum of anomaly-induced
concurrent changes and climatology-induced lagged changes to terrestrial
ecosystem C states (NBE = NBECON+NBELAG). We apply this framework to an
observation-constrained analysis of the 2001–2015 tropical C balance: we use
a data–model integration approach (CARbon DAta-MOdel fraMework – CARDAMOM) to merge satellite-retrieved land-surface C observations (leaf area, biomass, solar-induced fluorescence), soil C inventory data and satellite-based atmospheric
inversion estimates of CO2 and CO fluxes to produce a data-constrained
analysis of the 2001–2015 tropical C cycle. We find that the inter-annual
variability of both concurrent and lagged effects substantially contributes to the 2001–2015 NBE inter-annual variability throughout 2001–2015 across
the tropics (NBECON IAV = 80 % of total NBE IAV, r =  0.76;
NBELAG IAV = 64 % of NBE IAV, r = 0.61), and the prominence of NBELAG IAV persists across both wet and dry tropical ecosystems. The
magnitude of lagged effect variations on NBE across the tropics is largely
attributable to lagged effects on net primary productivity (NPP; NPPLAG IAV
113 % of NBELAG IAV, r = −0.93, p value < 0.05), which emerge due to the dependence of NPP on inter-annual variations in foliar C and
plant-available H2O states. We conclude that concurrent and lagged
effects need to be explicitly and jointly resolved to retrieve an accurate
understanding of the processes regulating the present-day and future trajectory of the terrestrial land C sink.
University of Nebraska UAS profiling during LAPSE-RATE
Authors: Islam Ashraful , Shankar Ajay , Houston Adam , Detweiler Carrick
Published: December 2020

Abstract. This paper describes the data collected by the University of Nebraska-Lincoln (UNL) as part of the field deployment during the Lower Atmospheric Process Studies at Elevation – a Remotely-piloted Aircraft Team Experiment (LAPSE-RATE) flight campaign in July 2018. UNL deployed two multirotor unmanned aerial systems (UASs) at various sites in the San Luis Valley (Colorado, USA) for data collection in support of three science missions: convection-initiation, boundary layer transition, and cold air drainage flow. We conducted 172 flights resulting in over 1300 minutes of cumulative flight time. Our novel design for the sensor housing onboard the UAS was employed in these flights to meet the aspiration and shielding requirements of the temperature/humidity sensors, and attempt to separate them from the mixed turbulent airflow from the propellers. Data presented in this paper include time-stamped temperature and humidity data collected from the sensors, along with the three-dimensional position and velocity of the UAS. Data are quality controlled and time-synchronized using a zero-order-hold interpolation without additional post processing. The full dataset is also made available for download at (https://doi.org/10. 5281/zenodo.4306086 (Islam et al. , 2020)).
GERALDINE (Google Earth Engine supRaglAciaL Debris INput dEtector): a new tool for identifying and monitoring supraglacial landslide inputs
Authors: Smith William D. , Dunning Stuart A. , Brough Stephen , Ross Neil , Telling Jon
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Landslides in glacial environments are high-magnitude,
long-runout events, believed to be increasing in frequency as a paraglacial
response to ice retreat and thinning and, arguably, due to warming
temperatures and degrading permafrost above current glaciers. However, our
ability to test these assumptions by quantifying the temporal sequencing of
debris inputs over large spatial and temporal extents is limited in areas
with glacier ice. Discrete landslide debris inputs, particularly in
accumulation areas, are rapidly “lost”, being reworked by motion and
icefalls and/or covered by snowfall. Although large landslides can be
detected and located using their seismic signature, smaller (M≤5.0)
landslides frequently go undetected because their seismic signature is less
than the noise floor, particularly supraglacially deposited landslides, which
feature a “quiet” runout over snow. Here, we present GERALDINE (Google Earth Engine supRaglAciaL Debris INput dEtector): a new free-to-use tool
leveraging Landsat 4–8 satellite imagery and Google Earth Engine. GERALDINE
outputs maps of new supraglacial debris additions within user-defined areas
and time ranges, providing a user with a reference map, from which large
debris inputs such as supraglacial landslides (>0.05 km2)
can be rapidly identified. We validate the effectiveness of GERALDINE
outputs using published supraglacial rock avalanche inventories, and then
demonstrate its potential by identifying two previously unknown, large
(>2 km2) landslide-derived supraglacial debris inputs onto
glaciers in the Hayes Range, Alaska, one of which was not detected
seismically. GERALDINE is a first step towards a complete global
magnitude–frequency of landslide inputs onto glaciers over the 38 years of
Landsat Thematic Mapper imagery.
Marine climate change over the eastern Agulhas Bank of South Africa
Authors: Jury Mark R.
Published: December 2020

Abstract. The rate of change in the marine environment over the eastern Agulhas Bank
along the south coast of South Africa (32–37∘ S, 20–30∘ E) is studied using
reanalysis observations for 1900–2015 and coupled ensemble model projections
for 1980–2100. Outcomes are influenced by resolution and time span:
∼ 1∘ datasets covering the whole period capture
large-scale changes, while ∼ 0.5∘ datasets in the
satellite era better distinguish the cross-shelf gradients. Although sea
surface temperatures offshore are warming rapidly (0.05 ∘C yr−1 since
1980), a trend toward easterly winds and a locally stronger Agulhas Current
have intensified nearshore upwelling (−0.03 ∘C yr−1). The
subtropical ridge is gradually moving poleward, leading to a drier climate.
Global concentrations of microplastics in soils – a review
Authors: Büks Frederick , Kaupenjohann Martin
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Worldwide, microplastics (MPs) have been commonly recognized as a threat to soil ecosystems. Terrestrial soils are widely contaminated by MPs due to the application of sewage sludge and wastewater, plastic mulching, littering, the input of tire wear from roads and atmospheric deposition. Within the last decade, an increasing number of individual studies focused on item counts and masses of MPs in different global soil environments. We reviewed these studies to achieve a representative picture of common degrees of contamination. The majority of the prospected agricultural and horticultural sites were exposed to sewage sludge and mulching film application and showed concentrations of <13 000 items kg−1 dry soil and 4.5 mg kg−1 dry soil. Microplastic concentrations in soils in the vicinity of municipal areas were thereby 10 times larger compared to rural sites. The measurement of masses was generally underrepresented compared to item numbers, and mass data were often generated from microscopic analyses by using shape-to-mass models instead of direct measurements. Extreme values, such as on industrial sites, exceed the common concentrations by 2 to 4 orders of magnitude, which might be attributed not only to the land use but also to the applied methods of measurement. Campaigns that focus on other entry pathways like composts, road dust runoff and littering or land uses like grassland, forest, fallow and wilderness as well as industrial sites and landfills were underrepresented or nonexistent. Background loads, such as atmospheric deposition, were often not excluded from the measurements and, thus, the studies might overestimate the contribution of the analyzed entry pathway to the total load. Other studies focused on light density MP, e.g., from mulching films, and therefore underestimated the amount of soil MP. Despite these limitations, the data give an impression of the spectrum of global MP concentrations and are a good basis for experiments examining the effects of MPs on exposed soils. Based on the collected data, we identified problems of past studies and recommend that future experimentation take into account standardized methods of extraction and quantification, a proper characterization of the sampling sites and their history as well as the exploration of as yet underrepresented entry pathways and land uses.
Comment on Exceptionally high heat flux needed to sustain the
Northeast Greenland Ice Stream by S. Smith-Johnson et al., The
Cryosphere, 14, 841–854, 2020
Authors: Bons Paul D. , de Riese Tamara , Franke Steven , Llorens Maria-Gema , Sachau Till , Stoll Nicolas , Weikusat Ilka , Zhang Yu
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Smith-Johnson et al. (The Cryosphere, 14, 841–854, 2020) model the effect of a potential hotspot on the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream (NEGIS). They argue that a heat flux of at least 970 mW m−2 is required to have initiated or control NEGIS. Such an exceptionally high heat flux would be unique in the world and is incompatible with known geological processes that can raise the heat flux. NEGIS is thus formed and controlled by some other, yet unknown, process.
Poisoning Cases Reported to Poison Information Centre, Ahmedabad, India: A Three Year Observational Study
Authors: Pagdhune Avinash , Kunal Kundan , Patel Kanubhai Amrutlal , Patel Aswin Bhailalbhai , Mishra SukhDev , Palkhade Rajendra , Muhamed Jaseer
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Morbidity and mortality associated with pesticide poisoning is a major public health issue, especially in lower and middle income countries, including India. Timely understanding of poisoning trends is required for improved prevention. The objective of the present study was to analyze the trend of poisoning cases in Ahmedabad, India in the period of 2015-2017.Methods: Detailed history, including demographic data, risk factors, poisoning history, agents involved, and occupational influence were collected for poisoning cases reported to the Poison Information Centre in Ahmedabad. Cholinesterase activity and HPTLC method for detection of sanguinarine in urine were used to investigate the agents of poisoning. Non-parametric tests,  such as Chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U Test were applied to test statistical significance between the groups. All statistical analysis was carried out using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.Results: A total 1373 poisoning cases were investigated. The incidence and fatality rate was found to be higher in males compared to females (M/F ratio 1.89:1). About 91.62% of the poisoning were through the oral route. Erythrocyte cholinesterase activity assay results indicated that 41.29% of the cases were due to organophosphorus/carbamate poisoning. Insecticides were found to be the agent of poisoning in 26.29% cases, and 11.07% of all the cases were agricultural workers. Poisoning with medications, household pesticides and chemicals were also reported. Few cases of food poisoning with sanguinarine were detected.Conclusion: The data presented here suggest that pesticides used for agriculture are the major source of poisonings. Implementation of usage guidelines, educating farmers and vulnerable population, and finding novel alternatives for highly toxic chemicals may be helpful in decreasing the number of poisoning cases.
OPTING IN AND OPTING OUT: CAN THERE BE UNIFORM INTERPRETATION OR DOES VARIATIO DELECTAT GOVERN?
Authors: Magnus Ulrich
Published: December 2020

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HARRY FLECHTNER: TEACHER, SCHOLAR AND FRIEND
Authors: Nordenberg Mark A.
Published: December 2020

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THE EXPERT WITNESS AND THE CISG
Authors: González Alejandro Osuna
Published: December 2020

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THE MISPLACED RELIANCE ON DEFAULT RULES IN INTERNATIONAL SALES CONTRACTS
Authors: Gabriel Henry
Published: December 2020

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“We Will Build a Great Wall”: Domination, Criminalization, and Expatriation in Trump Campaign and Rally Speeches
Authors: Valcore Jace , Rodgers Jess , Asquith Nicole L.
Published: December 2020

Given the import and impact of political campaign promises, this study systematically analyzed Donald Trump’s campaign and rally speeches using a typology of verbal-textual hostility (V.T.H.) developed by Asquith (2013) from criminal hate incidents in the United Kingdom. Trump used all forms of V.T.H. previously identified by Asquith, except for sexualization, and new forms that may be specific to the political context. Analysis of speeches from 2015–2018 revealed that expatriation, criminalization, and domination were the most frequently used forms of V.T.H. deployed by Trump, which we consider in relation to the historical, social, and political context and consequences.
The Trend of Research on Transformational Leadership Literature: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Ahmad Aminah , Azwa Ambad Sylvia Nabila , Nasir Syed Mohd Syed Jamal Abdul
Published: December 2020

The development of transformational research publication has increased gradually, and the trends were consistently rising. Therefore, the study aims to analyse the scientific literature published in the field of transformational leadership research. Scopus database was utilised to assemble literature on transformational leadership field based on the ‘keywords’ search results, and the study finalised 2,136 valid documents for further analysis. Authors then employed VOS viewer for data visualisation purpose. The results show an increase in the literature on transformational leadership from 1987 until now. However, the number was slightly lower in 2015. Various studies have been conducted on transformational leadership involving the collaboration of multi-authors. Most of the publications were published in English, with a total of 161 authors from 96 different countries and 162 institutions.
Frozen Eye What Could it be?
Authors: Yassin M. A. , Khan F. Y. , Al Ani A. , Othman M. E.
Published: December 2020

Thyroid associated opthalmopathy (TAO) may precede, coincide, or follow the systemic complications of dysthyroidism it can present gradually as dry eyes, puffy eyelids, ocular pressure or pain, field loss, diplopia with 3rd, 4th, 6th nerve palsies we report a 22 year old Filipina female who presented with sudden onset of diplopia, pain, headache, with no sign or symptom of dysthyroidism and clinically sounds to have 3rd, 4th, and 6th, nerve palsies (left eye) the case represents diagnostic dilemma that's why found it worth to be reported
Good Pasture's Syndrome: Case Report and Discussion
Authors: Elhiday A. , Khan F.Y. , Murad N.
Published: December 2020

A 39-year old lady, admitted with a 15-day history of generalized fatigability, 7-day history of progressive shortness of breath associated with intermittent coughing up streaks of blood. Examination revealed a healthy looking female, she was pale, and mildly distressed. Chest examination showed bilateral lower crackles. CBC showed microcytic hypo chromic anemia with high erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) 105 mm/hr. The initial chest X-ray showed bilateral lower infiltrates sparing the costophrenic angles. Although her initial serum creatinine was normal, she developed mild renal impairment during her hospital course. Renal biopsy was consistent with antiglomerular basement membrane antibody-mediated disease(Goodpasture syndrome). The hospital course was complicated by severe hypoxia, intensive care unit admission and intubation. The patient received the treatment of choice for Good pasture's syndrome i.e. plsmapharesis combined with prednisolone and cyclophsphamide,with excellent response. She was discharged home with a clear chest X-ray and a normal serum creatinine.
BITCOIN
Authors: Girón Castro Lawrence
Published: December 2020

Abstracts are not available.
Realidad Empresarial No. 10, 2020: 14-18
El modelo de la economía social, solidaria y colaborativa en América Latina como un nuevo modelo de empresa
Authors: Cartagena de Leiva Haydee Beatriz
Published: December 2020

In a context marked by a COVID-19 pandemic situation, much thought has been given to the current model of companies, where its main axis has been the generation of income at its highest level and the accumulation of capital as the main indicator of success , many times, putting at risk the environment, the dignity of people and the environment that surrounds them; in short, risking the sustainability of life. Faced with this situation, it is important to reflect on the current model not only at the micro level but also at the macro level, which means taking into account aspects such as public policies and the relationships that are established in the value chains in the different areas productive. The social, solidarity and collaborative economy model proposes a new business model, always based on efficiency, productivity and financial sustainability, but with a differentiating element: put in the center of their decisions to people. Many experiences In Latin America and other countries in the world they show us that it is possible, especially because this can contribute to the construction of a new model of sustainable development. In this analysis, the main characteristics that define this proposal will be presented, not only through the existing theoretical approaches, but also through Latin American experiences that have shown positive results, at the level of productive activities and also of the ironment that surrounds them
Realidad Empresarial No. 10, 2020: 79-88
Medicina tradicional lenca: enfoque antropológico, botánico y farmacológico
Authors: Bautista Jasmi , Oyuela Wendy , García Arturo , Linares José Ledis
Published: December 2020

Este artículo sobre la investigación “Medicina Tradicional Lenca” desde tres enfoques: antropológico, botánico y farmacológico, realizada por docentes e investigadores del Centro Universitario Regional del Centro (CURC), enmarcada en el proyecto “Cultura Lenca, Medicina Tradicional y Biodiversidad”, surge con el propósito de conocer, documentar y divulgar aspectos esenciales de la medicina tradicional practicada por esta etnia. El proyecto a su vez se realizó en el marco de la actividad “Gobernanza en Ecosistemas, Medios de Vida y Agua USAID/Honduras” Esta investigación se defi ne como un estudio innovador por su carácter interdisciplinario. Se refi ere a tres enfoques desde los cuales se abordó la medicina tradicional lenca, tomando como principales unidades de análisis: Las enfermedades más comunes detectadas por médicos populares en las aldeas visitadas, la taxonomía y uso cultural de las plantas medicinales identifi cadas y los principios activos presentes en dichas plantas. El estudio presenta un enfoque cualitativo utilizando el método etnográfi co y realizando la búsqueda bibliográfi ca pertinente para la investigación. Las técnicas aplicadas durante el trabajo de campo permitieron documentar de manera sistemática las enfermedades, que según expresaron los médicos populares de las comunidades, son las que se atienden con mayor frecuencia; de igual manera se documentaron las plantas medicinales más utilizadas, haciendo una necesaria y precisa clasifi cación entre plantas nativas y plantas externas.
Una mirada a los elementos autóctonos de la tradición oral indígena y garífuna de Honduras
Authors: Meléndez Fanny
Published: December 2020

Una revisión de los elementos autóctonos o propios de la tradición oral de los pueblos originarios de Honduras, es el propósito de la realización de este trabajo; detrás de las prácticas culturales de las etnias tanto indígenas, como la de los afrodescendientes, subyacen esos aspectos que guardan una distancia cronológica con ese principio que nos remite con su pasado, antes de la llegada de la invasión española, en el caso de los primeros y en el segundo con el continente africano. El pueblo Lenca y Garífuna, pese al sincretismo evidente en su cultura, ataviada por sus costumbres , tradiciones, idiosincrasia y cosmovisión deja entrever su afi liación con ese pasado que abruptamente se le violentó y luego de tres siglos se trató de borrar o bien olvidar. Tanto la Carrera de Letras de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras como la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional “Francisco Morazán” y otras instituciones internacionales y nacionales, han hecho esfuerzos en estudiar la tradición oral de los pueblos indígenas y garífuna de Honduras; sin embargo, como hondureños, se debe de seguir profundizando en el estudio y apoyo a estos sectores vulnerables y de ese modo ir saldando esa deuda histórica.
Recreating the Creation:
Authors: Tischer Matthias
Published: December 2020

Recreating the creation is on the trail of a theory of remix. Using the example of the debut album of the Icelandic band Sigur Ros, the question is asked how nature sounds and pop songs relate to each other and in the tension between production, composition and sampling. In doing so, contemporary poetics and techniques of music production are historically and aesthetically contextualized with the practice of a music that not only wants to reinvent itself, but refers to existing music and sounds.
Moving to Higher Ground: The Changing Discourse of European Jazz 1960-1980
Authors: Whyton Tony
Published: December 2020

The 2014 conference ‘Growing Up: Jazz between 1960 and 1980' in Lucerne provided a stimulating environment for the examination of European identity in jazz, and offered several fascinating insights into the musical landscape and changing cultural discourses of jazz during this period in history. This article builds on the overarching theme of the Conference by examining what the concept of ‘growing up' means for jazz within this time period. I explore ways in which the concept itself can contain certain assumptions about the maturing of an art form and the progress of history, and encourage a way of thinking about jazz's place in Europe that is problematic. Whilst it is important to consider the historical development of music and its changing reception through time, the concept of growing up reinforces a number of assumptions about art music and its place in European culture; it has the ability to shape how we view the movement of music and culture, what social and cultural changes might have occurred during the period we're looking at, and promotes a particular view of European jazz and its relationship both to the American jazz tradition and popular culture more broadly.
Der Wandel der schweizerischen Jazzszene im Spiegel von JazzNyon
Authors: Steulet Christian
Published: December 2020

Der Verein JazzNyon war in den Bereichen Jazz und populäre Musik von 1974 bis 1984 aktiv. Mit viel Engagement wurde an neuen Schnittstellen zwischen amerikanischen, europäischen und schweizerischen Musikszenen gearbeitet. Der Nachlass von William Patry (1946-2009), dem Gründer und Leiter des Vereins, enthüllt Motivation, Erfolge und Scheitern einer Organisation, die am Anfang eng mit dem Jazzfestival Willisau zusammengearbeitet hat. Wie und warum hat dies (nur) zehn Jahre lang funktioniert und was erfolgte daraus für die Emanzipation der Schweizer Jazzszene? Auf der Basis von neuen schriftlichen und audiovisuellen Quellen schlägt diese Studie einige Antworten und auch Brücken zu den anderen Beiträgen vor.
“It Should Always Be a Give-and-Take”
Authors: Dunkel Mario
Published: December 2020

The 1960s and 1970s are regarded by some historians as being particularly creative decades for jazz in Britain, when British jazz developed its own sound that was distinct from that of American jazz. While not denying that this was a creatively fruitful period in British jazz, in this paper I argue that a ‘British sound' in jazz is difficult, perhaps impossible, to define, even though some authors have referred to a sense of ‘Britishness', particularly in the work of certain musicians discussed by Ian Carr in his book Music Outside: Contemporary Jazz in Britain. Some British jazz, performed largely by white (and mostly male) musicians at this time, was influenced during the 1960s by the contribution of immigrant black musicians from South Africa and the Caribbean; at the same time, musicians such as Michael Garrick and John Surman were drawing to some extent on British folk music for inspiration. Referring to examples from the period, I suggest that although much British jazz from 1960 to 1980 was innovative and became less ‘American', development of its styles was affected by many musical, cultural and political factors. To what extent this music sounds ‘British' is debatable, but its influence has led to the pluralism of jazz styles in Britain that continues today.
MAXIMUM ISOMETRIC MUSCLE STRENGTH AS A PREDICTOR OF ONE REPETITION MAXIMUM IN THE SQUAT TEST
Authors:   University of Banja Luka, Faculty of physical education and sport,Bosnia and Herzegovina, Petrović Borko , Kukrić Aleksandar ,   University of Banja Luka, Faculty of physical education and sport,Bosnia and Herzegovina, Dobraš Radenko ,   University of Banja Luka, Faculty of physical education and sport,Bosnia and Herzegovina, Zlojutro Nemanja ,   University of Banja Luka, Faculty of physical education and sport,Bosnia and Herzegovina
Published: December 2020

This study aims to determine whether maximum isometric muscle strength, exerted at a certain angle in the knee joint (80 °, 110 °, and 140 °), may be used as a predictor of 1RM in the squat movement task. A group of twenty-four male students (N = 24) took part in the research in 2 separate sessions and 7 days of rest between each. In the first session, the anthropometric measurements and assessment of muscle strength, that is 1RM, were measured by maximum repetition to failure method on the Smith machine. The maximum isometric force (Fmax) of the leg muscles was measured by the Alternating Consecutive Maximum Contraction Test in laboratory conditions on a Smith machine using a dynamometer probe and the Globus Ergo Tesys System 1000 software system. Analyzing the results based on linear regression, the authors conclude that, with an accuracy of 84.5%, we can estimate 1RM in the squat exercise measuring the maximum isometric force exerted at an angle in the knee joint of 140 °. The results obtained by this research can be used in practice when assessing 1 RM based on the measurement of the maximum isometric force for a given movement task.
NAČINI PROVOĐENJA ŠKOLE ALPSKOGA SKIJANJA
Authors:   Kineziološki fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Hrvatska, Cigrovski Vjekoslav , Bon Ivan ,   Kineziološki fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Hrvatska, Očić Mateja ,   Kineziološki fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Hrvatska, Božić Igor ,   Univerzitet u Banjoj Luci, Fakultet fizičkog vaspitanja i sporta, Bosna i Hercegovina, Škovran Mislav ,   Kineziološki fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Hrvatska
Published: December 2020

Danas se u skijaškim školama primjenjuju različiti programi po kojima se uče skijaški početnici. Svi programi imaju isti cilj, a to je naučiti početnike specifične pokrete tijela pomoću kojih će moći upravljati skijama.Tri se programa najčešće koriste u školama alpskoga skijanja. Po jednom programu skijaške početnike se uči osnovama alpskoga skijanja isključivo elementima paralelne skijaške tehnike. Drugim programom skijaški početnici usvajaju znanja pomoću elemenata plužne i paralelne skijaške tehnike. Treći program učenja alpskoga skijanja kombinira navedena dva načina. Osim programa, u praksi postoje dva pristupa učenja alpskoga skijanja. Prvi način uključuje svakodnevni odlazak do skijaškog poligona ili obližnjeg zimskog turističkog centra, na kojemu se usvaja skijaška tehnika te se isti dan vraća u mjesto stanovanja. Drugi način sastoji se u organiziranom, najčešće sedmodnevnom, odlasku na zimovanje u sklopu čega se svaki dan uče osnove alpskoga skijanja. Neovisno o korištenim programima učenja, sigurnost skijaša prioritet je u svakoj školi alpskoga skijanja. Stoga je savjet svim skijašima početnicima uključiti se u školu alpskoga skijanja, jer na taj način čine najbolju prevenciju nastanka ozljeda.
KOMPARACIJA METODA UTVRĐIVANJA POSTOTKA MASNOG TKIVA NA UZORKU KAJAKAŠA I KANUISTA SLALOMAŠA
Authors:   Fakultet fizičkog vaspitanja i sporta, Univerzitet u Banjoj Luci, Bosna i Hercegovina, Pašić Goran , Grahovac Goran ,   Fakultet fizičkog vaspitanja i sporta, Univerzitet u Banjoj Luci, Bosna i Hercegovina, Trivun Milomir ,   Fakultet fizičkog vaspitanja i sporta, Univerzitet u Istočnom Sarajevu, Bosna i Hercegovina
Published: December 2020

Određivanje tjelesne strukture u fizičkoj kulturi, sportu, ali i u sportskoj rekreaciji jedan je od načina za provjeru efikasnosti određenih trenažnih programa i njihovog uticaja na postotak potkožnog masnog tkiva i nemasne komponente. Ovo istraživanje provedeno je na uzorku od 49 kajakaša i kanuista slalomaša (starosti 19,9 ±1,7 godina), sa ciljem upoređivanja validnosti metoda procjene postotka masnog tkiva koje se baziraju na metodi mjerenja kožnih nabora u odnosu na metodu bioelektrične impendance radi primjene u dijagnostici trenažnog procesa kod kajakaša i kanuista slalomaša. Postotak masnog tkiva utvrđen je metodama utvrđivanja postotka masnog tkiva prema Siriju (1961), Brožeku i sar. (1963), Jackson, i Pollock, (1985) i metodom bioelektrične impedanse BIA. Nakon provedenih statističkih procedura, korelacionom analizom utvrđena je visoka povezanost metoda: antropometrijskih metoda po Siriju i Brožeku, obje metode sa metodom po Džekson Poloku, dok sve tri metode imaju visok nivo korelacije sa metodom BIA, dok je Wilcoxon test pokazao da metoda bioelektrične impedance ima statistički značajno veće vrijednosti od metoda utvrđivanja postotka masnog tkiva prema Siriju i Brožeku (p<0.001), a značajno manje u odnosu na metodu utvrđivanja postotka masnog tkiva prema Džekson Poloku (p=0.005). Istraživanje je pokazalo da bi na posmatranom uzorku ispitanika, kada je u pitanju jedan ispitanik, grupa ispitanika, ispitanici u okviru jednog sporta ili neujednačeni uzorak nesportista, ukoliko nema mogućnosti za korištenje neke od sofisticiranijih metoda tipa BIA, zadovoljavajuća metoda mogla biti metoda mjerenja kožnih nabora.
De Concept Leidraad Duurzaamheidsafspraken van de ACM: de ‘tragedy of the commons’ voorbij?
Authors: Jansen Pim , Beeston Sarah
Published: December 2020

De Concept Leidraad Duurzaamheidsafspraken van de ACM: de ‘tragedy of the commons’ voorbij?

Op 9 juli 2020 heeft de ACM de Concept Leidraad Duurzaamheidsafspraken ter consultatie op haar website gepubliceerd. Hiermee beoogt de ACM te verduidelijken onder welke omstandigheden afspraken met een duurzame doelstelling met artikel 6 Mw en 101 VWEU verenigbaar zijn, inclusief op basis van de in het derde lid vervatte efficiencytoets. In deze bijdrage wordt eerst een historische parallel getrokken met de verhouding tussen de theorie van de ‘tragedy of the commons’ enerzijds en het Nederlandse poldermodel anderzijds. Vervolgens wordt de Leidraad gecontextualiseerd, beschreven en, tot slot, geanalyseerd.
Kwantificering van de voor- en nadelen van duurzaamheidsafspraken onder artikel 6 lid 3 Mededingingswet
Authors: van der Zee Eva
Published: December 2020

Kwantificering van de voor- en nadelen van duurzaamheidsafspraken onder artikel 6 lid 3 Mededingingswet

Deze bijdrage richt zich op de mogelijkheden en beperkingen om voor- en nadelen van een duurzaamheidsafspraak te kwantificeren onder artikel 6 lid 3 Mededingingswet gebaseerd op de kosten-batenanalyse, de welzijnsanalyse en de capaciteitenbenadering.
Concurrentie en duurzaamheid gaan hand in hand
Authors: van Damme Eric
Published: December 2020

Concurrentie en duurzaamheid gaan hand in hand

In deze bijdrage belicht de auteur de onderwerpen mededinging, duurzaamheid en klimaatverandering vanuit economisch perspectief en probeer hij te duiden wat de bijdrage van de economische wetenschap aan de discussie over mededinging en duurzaamheid zou kunnen zijn. Zijn belangrijkste stelling is dat mededinging niet slechts een instrument is, maar een publiek belang dat bescherming verdient, dat onze Mededingingswet dit belang onvoldoende beschermt en dat de ACM zich sterker als hoeder van dit belang zou moeten opstellen.
Duurzaamheid en het aanbestedingsrecht: wel toekomstbestendig?
Authors: Janssen Willem
Published: December 2020

Duurzaamheid en het aanbestedingsrecht: wel toekomstbestendig?

Hoewel het aanbestedingsrecht ten aanzien van niet-economische doelstellingen voorop lijkt te lopen ten opzichte van het mededingingsrecht, laten de in dit artikel besproken denkrichtingen zien dat ook binnen dit rechtsgebied mogelijk ruimte is om de aanbestedingsregels responsiever te maken ten aanzien van de maatschappelijke context waarin aanbestedingen momenteel plaatsvinden in Nederland en de EU.
Mag het licht uit?
Authors: Vedder Hans
Published: December 2020

De transitie naar duurzame energie: subsidiëring en capaciteitsmechanismen en de rol van markt en overheid in de groenestroommarkt

Dit artikel beschrijft de ontwikkeling naar duurzamere energieopwekking en de technische, economische en juridische impact ervan. Daarbij staat het toezicht op staatssteun centraal en wordt in kaart gebracht hoe de bevoegdheden zijn verdeeld tussen de Europese Unie (EU) en haar lidstaten.
Aula de Trabalho Pedagógico Coletivo (ATPC) na escola pública no estado de São Paulo: breves considerações críticas
Authors: Ribeiro Jorge Luis Sansigolo , Silva Viviane Oliveira da , Carvalho Celso Do Prado Ferraz de
Published: December 2020

O debate acerca dos processos de formação continuada é objeto de políticas educacionais e extensa produção bibliográfica há um tempo considerável, revelando não somente sua importância, como seus problemas. No Estado de São Paulo, no contexto das políticas de formação continuada da SEE/SP, foi criada a Atividade de Trabalho Pedagógico Coletivo (ATPC), com o objetivo de ser um espaço que permitisse aos professores discutir as questões pedagógicas, seu cotidiano e suas demandas, se apropriando de conhecimentos necessários para a superação de problemas. O artigo apresenta uma breve trajetória dos processos de regulação da ATPC no Estado de São Paulo, analisa as intenções da formação continuada expressas na legislação e aponta seus problemas. Reforça, em sua conclusão, a necessidade de repensar a ATPC como política de formação isolada, pois a forma como a carreira docente é fragmentada impede que o professor possa exercer sua atividade em uma única escola.
Instituições e sujeitos: saberes e poderes no processo de reorganização/ocupação das escolas públicas do estado de São Paulo
Authors: Gama Anailton De Souza , Souza Roseli Trevisan Marques de
Published: December 2020

Neste artigo será apresentada uma análise discursiva da entrevista coletada em 2016 sobre o tema “A reorganização e as ocupações das escolas públicas do Estado em 2015”.  Cabe informar que no presente texto procuramos resgatar a memória de uma mãe de um estudante que participou juntamente com o filho do movimento estudantil denominado ocupações. Destaca-se que tal registro representa parte da memória da participante. O trabalho analítico que objetiva apresentar alguns sentidos dessa memória está sustentado na abordagem metodológica presente no título Gestos de Leitura: da história do discurso, organizado por Eni Puccinelli Orlandi (2010), o qual, por sua vez, está embasado nos princípios de Análise do Discurso de linha francesa que tem como um dos expoentes Pêcheux (2006).
Modelos de inovação na interação universidade-empresa: observações em agências de inovação e organizações empresariais
Authors: Desidério Paulo Henrique Martins , Marques José Carlos , Cardoso Sobrinho Carlos Antonio , Bittencourt Ibsen Mateus , Neder Renato
Published: December 2020

Objective of the study: The objective of the research was to identify which types of innovation are most recurrent in Brazilian companies and innovation agencies in interaction and technology transfer actions.Methodology: The methodological premise was theoretical-empirical and descriptive, with analysis of the data extracted by means of questionnaires and interviews from the sample of innovation agencies affiliated to FORTEC and associated companies at ANPEI and ANPROTEC.Originality/Relevance: In the literature, no research has been identified highlighting the most recurrent types of innovation in technology transfer processes between Brazilian companies and innovation agencies.Main results: Incremental innovation was the most recurrent in the interaction processes of companies and innovation agencies, as well as the rates of radical and disruptive innovation obtained a satisfactory average in the interval of the Likert scale.Theoretical/methodological contributions: This research contributed to the identification of innovation models with greater frequency in the interaction between Brazilian innovation companies and agencies, using the method for future surveys of other interactive forms of the surveyed actors.Social/management contributions: The results identified in the research can stimulate actions to intensify the interactions and processes of technological transfer between Brazilian companies and innovation agencies.
Desenvolvimento tecnológico da biotecnologia para a saúde no Brasil
Authors: Florencio Marcio Nannini da Silva , Oliveira Junior Antonio Martins , Abud Ana Karla de Souza
Published: December 2020

Objective of the study: This study aims to analyze the technological development of health biotechnology in Brazil in the period from 2007 to 2016.Methodology: The research methodology was based on a quantitative approach with the application of statistical methods aligned with patent analysis. Data collection was carried out on the institutional page of the National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI). The health biotechnology patents were classified according to the definitions presented by the Biotechnology Development Policy (PDB).Originality/Relevance: This study brings new contributions to the literature on the technological development of biotechnology when dealing with the sectoral level.Main results: The results obtained showed a total of 503 patents granted, with applications that mostly involve human health (70%). The development of drugs for the treatment of metabolic or endocrinological diseases is notorious, while vaccines have greater applications in the prevention of veterinary diseases. Also, patent ownership belongs mostly to large companies in developed countries.Theoretical/methodological contributions: The study deepened the understanding of the technological development of biotechnology in Brazil using patent indicators and allowed us to understand this dynamic in the sectorial context involving health.Social/managerial contributions: The statistics of patents in health biotechnology can assist policymakers in practices aimed at promoting research, development, and innovation activities with applications in health.
Produkto vystymo projekto rengimo gairės studentui
Authors: Žukienė Kristina , Daunorienė Asta , Šeduikytė Lina , Kasperavičienė Ramunė , Lukšys Kęstutis , Maščinskienė Jūratė , Dervinis Gintaras , Jankauskas Kęstutis , Grigaliūnas Valdas , Gabrienė Vitalija
Published: December 2020

Studentams dažnai kyla klausimų: kaip parengti ir apginti produkto vystymo projektą? Atsakymus galima rasti šioje knygoje, kurioje aptariama produkto vystymo eiga nuo idėjos iki maketo ar prototipo sukūrimo, ataskaitos sandara ir apimtis, gynimo ir vertinimo tvarka bei pateikiama patarimų, kaip parengti projektą, nurodoma gynimui reikalinga medžiaga. Leidinys skirtas Universiteto mokymosi procese dalyvaujantiems pirmosios studijų pakopos studentams, studijuojantiems „Produkto vystymo projekto“ modulį.
ExpertInneninterviews in internationalen Organisationen: Zwischen Standardisierung und Narration
Authors: Mende Janne
Published: December 2020

Der Artikel diskutiert die ethischen Herausforderungen bei der Durchführung von ExpertInneninterviews in internationalen (und anderen) Organisationen und verknüpft sie mit ihren theoretischen und methodischen Voraussetzungen. Studien in den Internationalen Beziehungen greifen auf ExpertInneninterviews zurück, um Innenperspektiven aus internationalen Organisationen freizulegen. Bei diesen Daten handelt es sich allerdings nicht um schlicht gegebene, objektive Informationen, sondern sie bedürfen der weiteren Interpretation und Analyse. Dieser Anspruch wird verstärkt durch die genuine Doppelläufigkeit internationaler Organisationen zwischen Innen und Außen, die aus dem Verhältnis von Autonomie und Abhängigkeit der Organisationen entsteht. Diese Doppelläufigkeit stellt die IB-Forschung vor spezifische ethische Herausforderungen. Das interpretative ExpertInneninterview bietet mit seiner methodischen Verortung zwischen standardisierten und narrativen Verfahren Umgangsmöglichkeiten, die der Artikel anhand der vier Forschungsphasen vor dem Interview, währenddessen, danach und in der Auswertung des Interviews diskutiert.
Wissenschaftsethische Herausforderungen der Internationalen Beziehungen
Authors: Weller Christoph
Published: December 2020

Der Beitrag thematisiert jene wissenschaftsethischen Herausforderungen der akademischen Beschäftigung mit internationaler Politik, die bereits vor dem unmittelbaren Eingreifen in das empirische Forschungsfeld auftauchen und welche nach der Datenerhebung und -auswertung auch noch nicht als abgeschlossen betrachtet werden können. Als einer auf den internationalen Frieden hin ausgerichteten Wissenschaft unterliegen die Internationalen Beziehungen spezifischen ethischen Anforderungen, die es angesichts wachsender globaler und epistemologischer Herausforderungen verstärkt zu reflektieren gilt. Hierzu will dieser Forumsbeitrag anregen und wendet sich dafür den folgenden drei Themenfeldern zu: wissenschaftsethisch fundierten Theorieentscheidungen, den Anforderungen einer gesellschaftspolitisch relevanten Politikwissenschaft und Fragen nach der Kommunikation wissenschaftlicher Ergebnisse und deren wissenschaftsethischen Dimensionen. Damit soll knapp und pointiert verdeutlicht werden, dass die Notwendigkeit ethischer (Selbst-)Reflexionen über den im engeren Sinne empirischen Forschungsprozess hinausgeht und früher einsetzt sowie später endet als hier und da erwartet wird.
ZnO Nanowire Field-Effect Transistor for Biosensing: A Review
Authors: Mathiba Jack Ditshego Nonofo
Published: December 2020

The last 19 years have seen intense research made on zinc oxide (ZnO) material, mainly due to the ability of converting the natural n-type material into p-type. For a long time, the p-type state was impossible to attain and maintain. This chapter focuses on ways of improving the doped ZnO material which acts as a channel for nanowire field-effect transistor (NWFET) and biosensor. The biosensor has specific binding which is called functionalization that is achieved by attaching a variety of compounds on the designated sensing area. Reference electrodes and buffers are used as controllers. Top-down fabrication processes are preferred over bottom-up because they pave way for mass production. Different growth techniques are reviewed and discussed. Strengths and weaknesses of the FET and sensor are also reviewed.
Zionist Organizations in Voronezh
Authors: Viktor Viktorovich Bakhtin , Igor’ Anatol’yevich Ashmarov
Published: December 2020

The chapter is based on materials from the archives and investigations of the OGPU of the late 1920s and early 1930s. The last years of the XIX century and the first twentieth century became a time of rapid development and strengthening of the Zionist movement in Russia developed rapidly. In 1902, over a thousand disparate Zionist organizations merged into the Russian Zionist Organization (RNO). In this article, we will consider the processes taking place in a separate region of Russia - the Central Black Earth Region (CCO). Voronezh became the center of the Central Council in 1928.
A Novel Approach for the Design of Fault-Tolerant Routing Algorithms in NoCs: Passage of Faulty Nodes, Not Always Detour
Authors: Fukushi Masaru , Kurokawa Yota
Published: December 2020

Due to the faults in system fabrication and run time, designing an efficient fault-tolerant routing algorithm with the property of deadlock-freeness is crucial for realizing dependable Network-on-Chip (NoC) systems with high communication performance. In this chapter, we introduce a novel approach for the design of fault-tolerant routing algorithms in NoCs. The common idea of the fault-tolerant routing has been undoubtedly to detour faulty nodes, while our approach allows passing through faulty nodes with the slight modification of NoC architecture. As a design example, we present an XY-based routing algorithm with the passage function. To investigate the effect of the approach, we compare the communication performance (i.e. average latency) of the XY-based algorithm with well-known region-based algorithms under the condition of with and without virtual channels. Finally, we provide possible directions of future research on the fault-tolerant routing with the passage function.
Proporcionalita opatření přijímaných ve výjimečných stavech
Authors: Ondřejek Pavel
Published: December 2020

O principu proporcionality se právem hovoří jako o klíčovém argumentu při přezkumu ústavnosti zásahu do základních práv. Nedávné události v souvislosti s epidemií nemoci COVID-19 ukázaly, že zásahy do základních práv mohou být dlouhodobé, citelné a značně omezující v porovnání s předchozí praxí. Základní tezí tohoto příspěvku je zdůvodnění potřeby argumentace proporcionalitou při přezkumu ústavnosti opatření přijímaných ve výjimečných stavech. Mimo jiné je argumentováno, že požadavek proporcionality jakožto univerzálního kritéria přezkumu ústavnosti posiluje koherenci práva, a tím i předvídatelnost rozhodnutí týkajících se omezení práv, která není v době výjimečného stavu nižší než mimo něj. Příspěvek rovněž naznačuje specifika aplikace principu proporcionality ve vztahu k opatřením přijatým ve výjimečných stavech, konkrétně zvýšenou míru nejistoty, potřebu zvýšené míry zdrženlivosti, jakož i otázky argumentačního břemene při argumentaci proporcionalitou.