bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of novel methods for non-canonical myeloma protein analysis with an innovative adaptation of immunofixation electrophoresis, native top-down mass spectrometry, and middle-down de novo sequencing
Authors: Deighan W. Ian , Winton Valerie J. , Melani Rafael D. , Anderson Lissa C. , McGee John P. , Schachner Luis F. , Barnidge David , Murray David , Alexander H. Denis , Gibson David S. , Deery Michael J. , McNicholl Feargal P. , McLaughlin Joseph , Kelleher Neil L. , Thomas Paul M.
Published: October 2020

Objectives

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant plasma cell neoplasm, requiring the integration of clinical examination, laboratory and radiological investigations for diagnosis. Detection and isotypic identification of the monoclonal protein(s) and measurement of other relevant biomarkers in serum and urine are pivotal analyses. However, occasionally this approach fails to characterize complex protein signatures. Here we describe the development and application of next generation mass spectrometry (MS) techniques, and a novel adaptation of immunofixation, to interrogate non-canonical monoclonal immunoproteins.

Methods

Immunoprecipitation immunofixation (IP-IFE) was performed on a Sebia Hydrasys Scan2. Middle-down de novo sequencing and native MS were performed with multiple instruments (21T FT-ICR, Q Exactive HF, Orbitrap Fusion Lumos, and Orbitrap Eclipse). Post-acquisition data analysis was performed using Xcalibur Qual Browser, ProSight Lite, and TDValidator.

Results

We adapted a novel variation of immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE) with an antibody-specific immunosubtraction step, providing insight into the clonal signature of gamma-zone monoclonal immunoglobulin (M-protein) species. We developed and applied advanced mass spectrometric techniques such as middle-down de novo sequencing to attain in-depth characterization of the primary sequence of an M-protein. Quaternary structures of M-proteins were elucidated by native MS, revealing a previously unprecedented non-covalently associated hetero-tetrameric immunoglobulin.

Conclusions

Next generation proteomic solutions offer great potential for characterizing complex protein structures and may eventually replace current electrophoretic approaches for the identification and quantification of M-proteins. They can also contribute to greater understanding of MM pathogenesis, enabling classification of patients into new subtypes, improved risk stratification and the potential to inform decisions on future personalized treatment modalities.
Comprehensive development, implementation and evaluation of industrial exoskeletons
Authors: Bornmann Jonas , Schirrmeister Benjamin , Parth Torsten , Gonzalez-Vargas Jose
Published: October 2020

The article describes the designers’ perspectives for development and implementation of industrial exoskeletons. Findings are based on the research and own development of commercial available exoskeletons. The authors describe and emphasize the importance of a user centered design and implementation process.
Effects on ankle power and sound limb load with an active prosthetic foot
Authors: Pröbsting Eva , Altenburg Björn , Schmalz Thomas , Krug Kerstin
Published: October 2020

The performance of conventional prosthetic feet depends on material and construction principles. Certain powered feet can even generate net positive mechanical work in order to provide an active push-off. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of ankle power on the gait of transfemoral amputees. For this purpose level walking of six transfemoral amputees was analysed with a basic and an active foot and three different power settings of the latter. The results show clear advantages of the active foot in comparison with a basic foot. However, a strong relation of the sound side knee loading parameters with the varied ankle power outputs of the active foot couldn’t be shown.
Design of a 3D printed hybrid mechanical structure for a hand exoskeleton
Authors: Vertongen Jens , Kamper Derek
Published: October 2020

Stroke survivors often have difficulty performing activities of daily living (ADLs) due to hand impairments. Several assistive devices have been developed for stroke survivors to assist them with ADLs but most of these devices are difficult to don and doff for a stroke survivor due to highly flexed postures of the wrist and digits. This paper presents a hybrid 3D printed mechanical structure for an assistive hand exoskeleton created for stroke survivors. The design facilitates donning and doffing of the assistive exoskeleton by enabling an approach entirely from the dorsal side of the hand, thereby allowing the fingers to stay flexed. The design criteria, resulting design and the prototype development are presented. The initial prototype of the structure, using a hybrid combination of rigid and flexible materials, was lightweight (only 185 g), while maintaining a high range of motion. Future directions for further improvements and user studies are described.
BrailleRing: a flexible Braille display
Authors: Treml Michael , Busse Dominik , Dünser Andreas , Busboom Mike , Zagler Wolfgang L.
Published: October 2020

The “BrailleRing” is a refreshable Braille display that allows blind people to read tactile characters on the inside of a rotating ring. Dots are not displayed by moving pins, but by fixed patterns on rotating cuboids. The concept allows for a flexible line-length as well as for a more robust and easy-to-clean device, because it needs far fewer actuators than piezo-electric Braille displays, and these actuators are mechanically isolated from the Braille cells.
Validation method for body-mounted sensor attachments
Authors: Schmidt Katharina , Hochmann David
Published: October 2020

Small sensor devices like inertial measurement units enable mobile movement and gait analysis, whereby existing systems differ in data acquisition, data processing, and gait parameter calculation. Concerning the validation, recent studies focus on the captured motion and the influence of sensor positioning with respect to the accuracy of the computed biomechanical parameters in comparison to a reference system. Although soft tissue artifact is a major source of error for skin-mounted sensors, there are no investigations regarding the relative movement between the body segment and sensor attachment itself. The aim of this study is to find an evaluation method and to determine parameters that allow the validation of various sensor attachment types and different sensor positionings. The analysis includes the comparison between an adhesive and strap attachment variant as well as the frontal and lateral sensor placement. To validate different attachments, an optical marker-based tracking system was used to measure the body segment and sensor position during movement. The distance between these two positions was calculated and analyzed to determine suitable validation parameters. Despite the exploratory research, the results suggest a feasible validation method to detect differences between the attachments, independent of the sensor type. To have representative and statistically validated results, further studies that involve more participants are necessary.
Designing a tangible solution to encourage playful hand usage for children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Mittag Christina , Leiss Regina , Lorenz Katharina , Siebold Dagmar
Published: October 2020

Children with unilateral cerebral palsy (CCP) benefit from intensive training with the affected side. The SHArKi project strives for a motivational support system, using wristbands with inertial measurements units (IMU) to measure arm function, providing biofeedback as well as motivating stimuli. To consider finger and wrist movements as well, this paper covers concepts for a tangible solution and its first implementation including the gamification development. Finalizations of the demonstrator, an overall functional test as well as concluding feedback from CCP are pending.
Comparison of six different marker sets to analyze knee kinematics and kinetics during landings
Authors: Kerkhoff Annette , Wagner Heiko , Peikenkamp Klaus
Published: October 2020

In motion analysis marker sets or protocols are mostly developed for gait analysis and it has been shown that the marker set used affects the results of gait analysis. These marker sets are also used for the analysis of high dynamic sports movements. Single-leg landings are a common tool to investigate functional knee stability and further to predict injury risks where frontal plane motion and loading seem to play an important role. Until now, it is unknown how the marker sets affect the motion analysis results of such high dynamic movements. Therefore, the aim of the study was to compare six different marker sets. Three-dimensional motion and force data of single-leg landings in 12 healthy subjects were collected. Six different marker sets consisting of up to 26 markers and two clusters were simultaneously attached to the subjects’ lower limb and pelvis. The results show that particularly, the knee joint angles in the frontal and transverse plane showed the greatest differences between marker sets with in part contrary joint angle directions and great differences in angle magnitude. In addition, the amount of joint load was dependent on the marker set used for analysis. These results show that one must be careful when interpreting and comparing data of the frontal or transverse plane during high dynamic movements.
Long-term changes in technology acceptance of a robotic system in stroke treatment: a pilot study
Authors: Jankowski Natalie , Ivanova Ekaterina , Wiehe Lea , Wahl Michael
Published: October 2020

Objectives

This pilot field study aimed to detect long-term changes in technology acceptance (TAM), user experience (UX) during use of an experimental demonstrator Bi-Manu-Interact (BMI) in stroke rehabilitation.

Methods

In 10 therapy sessions, patients performed a 20 min workout per session with the BMI. Patients with stroke were interviewed after the first (T0) and the 10th training session (T1) with a structured questionnaire about UX, TAM and potential to use the BMI at home. Nine patients (n=4 females) aged 33–78 years (M=60.22; SD=13.17) participated in the study.

Results

After using the BMI no statistically significant differences have been found in UX and TAM (T0 vs. T1). But small to large effect sizes have been found which imply a practical relevance of the differences. The potential to use the BMI at home showed an increase in readiness for at T1 compared to T0.

Conclusion

Descriptive data suggest that familiarity gained through repetitive training sessions. The findings are coherent with previous studies.
Development of the progressive construction in Chinese EFL learners’ written production: From prototypes to marginal members
Authors: Wu Tianqi , Wang Min
Published: October 2020

This study investigates the developmental trajectory of L2 English progressive construction with a focus on frequency, verb-construction contingency and semantic prototypicality. Comparisons were made on the use of the progressive construction in argumentative essays written by Chinese learners at three different proficiency levels and English native speakers. Data of frequency and verb type distribution indicate that L2 learners’ progressive repertoire showed an increase in productivity and variability and a spread from a fixed type to a wider range of verbs. Contingency data demonstrate that, when associating verbs with the progressive, learners’ preference shifted from prototypical progressive verbs which denote specific and dynamic meanings to more marginal members represented by generic verbs. In addition, semantic prototypicality overweighs generality in driving the development of the progressive, which presents an interesting contrast with findings in the verb-argument construction learning literature where semantically general verbs were first predominantly used in the construction.
A study on damping ratio of EPS foam filled CFRP composite tubes
Authors: Chawla Komal , Ray-Chaudhuri Samit
Published: October 2020

This study aims to investigate the damping behavior of the fundamental mode of a foam-filled carbon fibre reinforced polymer composite (CFRP) tube when subjected to base excitations. In particular, expanded polystyrene (EPS) foam balls (with negligible mass) of different sizes are used as fillers in the tube and the enhancement in damping ratio of the fundamental mode w.r.t the empty condition is evaluated for different intensity of base excitation. Shake table tests are performed on cantilever CFRP composite square hollow tube subjected to base excitation with varying amplitudes. The tube is filled with foam balls (of two different sizes) for varying depths of filling (no filling, one-third, two-third, and full). Accelerometers are mounted at different positions along the tube length and at the table to record the accelerations data for evaluation of damping ratio. From the recorded responses, frequency, mode shape and damping ratio of the fundamental mode are evaluated using a well-known approach. The damping ratio is noted to be around 1.41x (times) higher for the completely foam ball (bigger size) filled case under r.m.s base acceleration of 0.3 g when compared with the values corresponding to the empty case. The results suggest that the bigger foam balls enhance the damping ratio significantly without altering the natural frequency owing to additional energy dissipation in friction and impact generated through the sliding and collision of the balls while the tube is in motion.
Pseudo-holomorphic curves: A very quick overview
Authors: Oliveira Gonçalo
Published: October 2020

This is a review article on pseudo-holomorphic curves which attempts at touching all the main analytical results. The goal is to make a user friendly introduction which is accessible to those without an analytical background. Indeed, the major accomplishment of this review is probably its short length.

Nothing in here is original and can be found in more detailed accounts such as [6] and [8]. The exposition of the compactness theorem is somewhat different from that in the standard references and parts of it are imported from harmonic map theory [7], [5]. The references used are listed, but of course any mistake is my own fault.
Stress corrosion cracking and precipitation strengthening mechanism in TWIP steels: progress and prospects
Authors: Olugbade Temitope Olumide
Published: October 2020

Twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steels are increasingly receiving wide attention for automotive applications due to their outstanding combination of ductility and strength, which can largely be attributed to the strain hardening effect, formation of mechanical twins during straining, and the presence of manganese (Mn) as an alloying element. However, the premature cracking and sudden failure frequently experienced by the TWIP steels under the combined action of tensile stress and corrosion environment remain a challenge for many material scientists and experts up till now. Driven by this challenge, an overview of the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) susceptibility of high-Mn TWIP steels (under the action of both mechanical loading and corrosion reaction) is presented. The SCC susceptibility of the high-Mn TWIP steels is specifically sensitive to hydrogen embrittlement, which is a major factor influencing the SCC behavior, and is a function of the hydrogen content, lattice-defect density and strength level. Besides, the corrosion susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement may be reduced by suppressing the martensite in the TWIP steels by carbon additions. This review further discusses in detail the precipitation strengthening mechanisms as well as the corrosion behavior of TWIP steel by mechanism.
Intercultural Conflict and Experiences of International Students in Turkey
Authors: Ahmed Abdulatif Hajjismael , Hamed Osman Alfahim Osman , Gocheva Svetla
Published: October 2020

Conflict is a part of daily life and it can occur for many reasons. In an intercultural environment, both international and local people can face conflict due to their interactions. Even though there has been an exponential increase in the growth of international students in Turkey in recent years, little is known about their experiences in the realm of intercultural conflicts. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to assess the occurrence of intercultural conflicts among international students at Anadolu University. In particular, the study sought to examine possible intercultural conflicts this group of students might experience, international students’ intercultural awareness, the major sources of the intercultural conflict and how the international students cope with intercultural conflict. A qualitative research method with phenomenological research design was utilized and semi-structured in-depth interviews were used to gather data. The analysis of the study was organized into six themes, namely: awareness, approach, experience, communication style, worldview change, and coping strategy. Except for the last theme, the obtained data aligned with the literature. Findings revealed that the international students experienced intercultural conflicts mainly due to lack of intercultural competence. Based on these findings, recommendations for future studies were suggested.
The uniform convergence of a double sequence of functions at a point and Korovkin-type approximation theorems
Authors: Dirik Fadime , Demirci Kamil , Yıldız Sevda , Acu Ana Maria
Published: October 2020

In this paper, we introduce an interesting kind of convergence for a double sequence called the uniform convergence at a point.
We give an example and demonstrate a Korovkin-type approximation theorem for a double sequence of functions using the uniform convergence at a point.
Then we show that our result is stronger than the Korovkin theorem given by Volkov and present several graphs.
Finally, in the last section, we compute the rate of convergence.
Breast cancer risk factors in Iran: a systematic review & meta-analysis
Authors: Shamshirian Amir , Heydari Keyvan , Shams Zahra , Aref Amir Reza , Shamshirian Danial , Tamtaji Omid Reza , Asemi Zatollah , Shojaie Layla , Mirzaei Hamed , Mohammadi Neda , Zibaee Behdad , Karimifar Keyvan , Zarandi Bahman , Hedayatizadeh-Omran Akbar , Alizadeh-Navaei Reza
Published: October 2020

Objectives

Breast cancer is known as one of the deadliest forms of cancer, and it is increasing globally. There are a variety of proven and controversial risk factors for this malignancy. Herein, we aimed to undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis focus on the epidemiology of breast cancer risk factors in Iran.

Methods

We performed a systematic search via PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Persian databases for identifying studies published on breast cancer risk factors up to March 2019. Meta-analyses were done for risk factors reported in more than one study. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a fixed/random-effects models.

Results

Thirty-nine studies entered into the meta-analysis. Pooling of ORs showed a significant harmful effect for risk factors including family history (OR: 1.80, 95%CI 1.47–2.12), hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) (OR: 5.48, 95%CI 0.84–1.74), passive smokers (OR: 1.68, 95%CI 1.34–2.03), full-term pregnancy at age 30 (OR: 3.41, 95%CI 1.19–5.63), abortion (OR: 1.84, 95%CI 1.35–2.33), sweets consumption (OR: 1.71, 95%CI 1.32–2.11) and genotype Arg/Arg (crude OR: 1.59, 95%CI 1.07–2.10), whereas a significant protective effect for late menarche (OR: 0.58, 95%CI 0.32–0.83), nulliparity (OR: 0.68, 95%CI 0.39–0.96), 13–24 months of breastfeeding (OR: 0.68, 95%CI 0.46–0.90), daily exercise (OR: 0.59, 95%CI 0.44–0.73) and vegetable consumption (crude OR: 0.28, 95%CI 0.10–0.46).

Conclusions

This study suggests that factors such as family history, HRT, passive smokers, late full-term pregnancy, abortion, sweets consumption and genotype Arg/Arg might increase risk of breast cancer development, whereas late menarche, nulliparity, 13–24 months breastfeeding, daily exercise and vegetable consumption had an inverse association with breast cancer development.
Identifying challenges in promoting adolescent preventive health care in the primary care setting of urban Japan
Authors: Sakashita Kazumi , Blum Robert W.
Published: October 2020

Background

Despite the assurance of free medical access through the universal health insurance system, over the past three decades Japanese youth have experienced an increase in developmental and behavioral problems, psychosomatic disorders, and psychiatric illnesses.

Objectives

To identify the challenges in promoting comprehensive preventive health services to adolescents in Japan, specifically in Tokyo.

Methods

A cross-sectional online survey was conducted of physicians who are members of the Tokyo Pediatric Association. The questionnaire assessed primary care pediatricians’ practice settings and their attitudes toward outpatient services to adolescent patients.

Results

Out of 617 member pediatricians, 69 valid responses were obtained. Majority were private pediatricians. 52% indicated that they had specialties in addition to general pediatrics; however, no one reported specializing in adolescent medicine. Approximately 70% answered the optimal patient encounter time would be under 10 min. More than 90% of respondents reported challenges providing health services to adolescent patients. Nearly half indicated that they did not routinely evaluate height, heart rate or blood pressure. Few providers asked about reproductive health, violence, or smoking/alcohol use.

Conclusion

This survey is the first exploration of adolescent health care in an urban area of Japan. While the sample is small, the magnitude of challenges was great with limited training in adolescent medicine, severe time constraints and limited appreciation for the value of health screening at each encounter. Developing a standardized practical assessment tool for adolescent patients may help guide primary care pediatricians to better meet the needs of their adolescent patients.
Psychodermatologic pathology in adolescents: findings from the Colombian National Mental Health Survey
Authors: Gómez García Laura Andrea , Marroquín Rivera Arturo , Rincón Rodríguez Carlos Javier , Cuellar Isabel Cristina , Gómez-Restrepo Carlos
Published: October 2020

Background

Associations between mental health and dermatology have generated a new branch of study called psychodermatology, which includes relevant conditions to the adolescent population. However, there is limited research focusing on this field and this specific population.

Objective

To estimate the prevalence of dermatological pathologies in the Colombian adolescent population and their possible associations with mental health conditions.

Methods

We performed a secondary analysis of the Colombian National Mental Health Survey results. A representative sample of the adolescent Colombian population answered questions regarding dermatological conditions and mental health disorders. We estimated the prevalence and evaluated associations using the chi squared independence test.

Results

Of 1753 adolescents, 8.3% (CI95%=[6.8–10.1]) had dermatitis or skin allergies and 4.5% (CI95%=[3.3–6.1]) acne. For dermatitis, we found associations with age, education, and family dysfunction (p-Values=0.024; <0.001; 0.046 respectively). Acne was associated with age, sex, educational level, the number of social groups involved in, alcohol consumption, psychoactive substances use and previous violent experiences (respective p-Values=0.007; 0.004; 0.005; 0.036; 0.002; 0.003; 0.044). Regarding mental health, dermatological conditions were associated with depression, affective disorders, suicide attempt and suicide ideation.

Conclusion

Our results are the first to describe the prevalence of these disorders in Colombia. This is an exploratory study; nonetheless, it is of great value since it is the first to describe these associations in adolescents in a middle-income country, which should be considered during clinical examinations. Further longitudinal studies evaluating possible causal relationship between psychiatric and dermatological conditions are fundamental to establish causal links.
Experimental and theoretical evaluation of zinc recovery from zinc oxide ore: process optimization and simulation using Aspen Plus software
Authors: Saidi Majid , Kadkhodayan Hossein
Published: October 2020

In the present study, the production process of zinc sulfate from the zinc oxide ore was experimentally investigated. The effect of main operating condition such as weight ratio of sulfuric acid to zinc content of ore (H2SO4/zinc), leaching temperature (°C), stirring speed (rpm), leaching time (min), particle size (mm), solid to liquid ratio (pulp density, wt. %), additives amount (kg/m3) and leaching pH on dissolution process of zinc oxide ore in H2SO4solution were evaluated. Taguchi method and Aspen Plus software were used to determine the optimum condition and simulate the production process of zinc sulfate. Also, Aspen Plus software was used to determine the efficiency of zinc sulfate production. The experimental factors and their levels were as follows: 0.937–1.875 for the weight ratio of sulfuric acid to zinc content of ore, 50–80 °C for the leaching temperature, 100–400 rpm for stirring speed, 30–120 min for leaching time, 0.01–10 mm for particle size, 10–40 wt% for pulp density, 10–50 kg/m3for additives amount and 1.4–2 for solution pH. The optimum condition was found to be H2SO4/Zinc ratio, 1.25; temperature, 70 °C; agitation rate, 200 rpm; leaching time, 30 min; particle size, 1 mm; pulp density, 10 wt%; additives amount, 30 kg/m3and pH, 1.8. The most effective factors for maximizing the dissolution of ZnO in H2SO4was the leaching pH. The predicted results by Aspen Plus simulation indicated that the total efficiency of zinc recovery at optimum condition is more than 97%.
Titania-termite hill composite as a heterogeneous catalyst: preparation, characterization, and performance in transesterification of waste frying oil
Authors: Yusuff Adeyinka S. , Azeez Temitayo M. , Babatunde Esther O.
Published: October 2020

To reveal the catalytic potential of abandoned naturally occurring material, we synthesized titania-termite hill composite (Ti-THC) via an incipient wetness impregnation route, characterized by various techniques and tested as a catalyst for transesterification of waste frying oil (WFO). The reusability of the prepared catalyst was also studied to evaluate its stability. The effects of reaction process parameters, such as temperature, time, catalyst loading and methanol/WFO molar ratio on fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield, were investigated using a central composite design approach. SEM result revealed pores formation on the catalyst surface, while XRD and EDX analyses confirmed successful insertion of titania into the aluminosilicate layer of the termite hill. The maximum FAME yield of 90.78% was obtained at optimum experimental conditions of 71.16 °C reaction temperature, 2.12 h reaction time, 1.03 wt.% catalyst loading and 9.96:1 methanol/WFO molar ratio. The catalyst still maintained its better stability after being reused for three reaction cycles.
Textural characteristics and sensory evaluation of yogurt fortified with pectin extracted from steeped hawthorn wine pomace
Authors: Jiang Yang , Du Jinhua , Zhang Liguo
Published: October 2020

To comparatively investigate the applications potential of pectin from steeped hawthorn wine pomace (SHP), pectin-enriched yogurt was produced at set/stirred form using apple-sourced commercial pectin (CP) as control. The focus was mainly on the effect of pectins on the texture and stability of yogurt, as well as the analysis of appearance and taste, which were mainly characterized by texture analysis and sensory evaluation. Texture analysis indicated that the performance of SHP was better than that of CP, which could increase the gel rupture strength and rupture distance of set yogurt. SHP could also improve the firmness, denseness and viscosity of stirred yogurt. In other respects, SHP could also significantly increase the water holding capacity and sensory acceptance of both types of yogurt. The utilization of SHP for improving the quality of yogurt demonstrated its great potential in developing the sustainable applications of the by-product from steeped hawthorn wine.
Rice granules with improved solubility prepared via fluidised-bed granulation
Authors: Park Hye-Mi , Lee Dae-Hoon , Kim Jung-Min , Hong Joo-Heon , Cho Jun-Hyeon , Seo Woo-Duck , Youn Kwang-Sup
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this study was to improve the processability of rice powder using fluidised-bed granulation technology. Bukkyungmi-rice granules were prepared by fluidised-bed granulation for 1 and 2 h using water, 5% lactose (w/v) and 5% dextrin (w/v) solutions as dispersants. The particle size of Bukkyungmi-rice granules increased from 574.83 to 728.07 μm. Granules were produced due to pore formation, and the produced particles could be dispersed easily without any entanglement. The water solubility of the produced rice granules is 1.91–6.74%, which reflects the improvement in their quality with increased treatment time. In particular, Bukkyungmi-rice granules processed in 5% dextrin showed excellent settleability. The enthalpy (ΔH) was found to be the highest for Bukkyungmi-rice granules processed in 5% dextrin for 2 h by differential scanning calorimetry. The results indicated that rice granules obtained by fluidised-bed granulation could be used in various types of rice-based foods.
Physicochemical analysis, proteolysis activity and exopolysaccharides production of herbal yogurt fortified with plant extracts
Authors: Shori Amal Bakr , Peng Chin Wai , Bagheri Elham , Baba Ahmad Salihin
Published: October 2020

Yogurt production with starter culture at 41 °C in the presence of plant water extracts (Momordica grosvenori, Psidium guajava, Lycium barbarum or Garcinia mangostana) were studied to examine the effects on acidification, physicochemical properties, microbial growth, proteolytic activity, and exopolysaccharide (EPS) content. All plant-based yogurt reached a pH of 4.5 faster (300–330 min) than plain-yogurt (360 min). All plant water extracts stimulated Lactobacillus spp. (∼7.4 log10 CFU/mL) and Streptococcus thermophilus (8.20–8.50 log10 CFU/mL) growth except for G. mangostana which marginally inhibited Lactobacillus spp. growth (7.21 log10 CFU/mL). M. grosvenori, L. barbarum, and G. mangonstana were significantly affected proteolysis of milk proteins (46.2 ± 0.8, 39.9 ± 0.5, & 35.8 ± 0.1 µg/mL; respectively) compared to plain-yogurt (26.3 ± 0.4 µg/mL). The presence of G. mangostana and L. barbarum resulted in an increase (p < 0.05) of total solids content (∼15.0%) and water holding capacity in yogurt (28.1 ± 1.2 & 26.5 ± 0.3%; respectively; p < 0.05). In addition, M. grosvenori water extract enhanced (p < 0.05) syneresis of yogurt (1.78 ± 0.30%). L. barbarum yogurt showed the highest EPS concentration (220.9 ± 12.4 µg/L) among yogurt samples. In conclusion, the presence of plant water extracts positively altered yogurt fermentation, enhanced proteolysis of milk protein, and induced EPS production.
Extraction of betacyanins from Hylocereus polyrhizus (dragon fruit) peel and further enrichment by adsorption
Authors: Ren Na , Wang Conghui , Zhao Zhuo , Cheng Cailing , Wei Wei , Qin Guotong
Published: October 2020

Mixtures of water and ethanol were tested for the extraction of betacyanins from Hylocereus polyrhizus peel to obtain natural colorants. In order to obtain betacyanins in a purified form, adsorption was carried out with two types of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs; pristine MWCNTs and carboxylated MWCNTs) and two macroporous resins (X-5 and AB-8). Carboxylated MWCNTs showed the highest adsorption capacity. On the basis of static adsorption test, carboxylated MWCNTs were selected for kinetic and isotherm studies. Langmuir and pseudo-first-order models could describe the process well. According to the Langmuir model, the maximum monolayer adsorption amount of carboxylated MWCNTs was 84.6 mg/g. After purification on a chromatographic column packed with carboxylated MWCNTs, the content of H. polyrhizus peel betacyanins in the pigment product was 4.62%.
Bifurcation, routes to chaos, and synchronized chaos of electromagnetic valve train in camless engines
Authors: Chang Shun-Chang
Published: October 2020

The main objects of this paper focus on the complex dynamics and chaos control of an electromagnetic valve train (EMV). A variety of periodic solutions and nonlinear phenomena can be expressed using various numerical techniques such as time responses, phase portraits, Poincaré maps, and frequency spectra. The effects of varying the system parameters can be observed in the bifurcation diagram. It shows that this system can undergo a cascade of period-doubling bifurcations prior to the onset of chaos. Lyapunov exponents and Lyapunov dimensions are employed to confirm chaotic behavior for EMV. A proposed continuous feedback control method based on synchronization characteristics eliminated chaotic oscillations. Numerical simulations are utilized to verify the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed control technique. Finally, some robustness analysis of parametric perturbation on EMV system with synchronization control is confirmed by Lyapunov stability theory and numerical simulations.
New technique for the approximation of the zeros of nonlinear scientific models
Authors: Ali Faisal , Aslam Waqas , Huang Shuliang
Published: October 2020

Most of the problems in mathematical and engineering sciences can be studied in the context of nonlinear equations. In this paper, we develop a new family of iterative methods for the approximation of the zeros of mathematical models whose governing equations are nonlinear in nature. The proposed methods are based on decomposition technique due to Daftardar-Gejji and Jaffri [1]. The new family gives several iterative schemes as special cases. The convergence analysis of proposed methods is also presented. In order to determine the performance of newly developed methods, numerical as well as graphical analysis of four complex mathematical models from diverse fields of science and engineering are considered. We also consider some complex polynomials to visualize the roots through polynomiography in the context of proposed methods.
Organic and Geographical Indication Certifications’ Contributions to Employment and Education
Authors: Hilal Mohamed , Leedon Guy , Duboys de Labarre Matthieu , Antonioli Federico , Boehm Michael , Péter Csillag , Donati Michele , Drut Marion , Ferrer-Pérez Hugo , Gauvrit Lisa , Gil José Maria , Gkatsikos Alexandros , Gołaś Marlena , Hoang Viet , Steinnes Kamilla Knutsen , Lilavanichakul Apichaya , Malak-Rawlikowska Agata , Mattas Konstadinos , Napasintuwong Orachos , Nguyen An , Ristic Bojan , Schaer Burkhard , Maksan Marina Tomić , Brečić Ružica , Török Áron , Vittersø Gunnar , Bellassen Valentin
Published: October 2020

In this paper, we test to what extent Food Quality Schemes (FQS, including Geographical Indications and organic products) contribute to the social and economic sustainability of farmers and regions through employment and education. Through employment, FQS may counter the urban migration trend affecting rural regions, and help retain economic and social capital in the local region. Indeed, as FQS are often small and specialised sectors, the economic inefficiency of such businesses may translated into greater employment and social sustainability. Separately, by requiring a higher-level of quality and hence skills, FQS may encourage greater local educational attainment or skilled immigration. To test these propositions, we analyse the employment and educational outcomes of 25 FQS. Our results show that the FQS products examined have a 13% higher labour usage (labour-to-production ratio) compared to reference products, indicating that they provide greater employment. Additionally, wage levels are 32% higher in FQS compared to references. Despite providing greater employment and higher wages, profitability of FQS (i.e. how much turnover/profit is generated per employee) is nevertheless 32% higher for FQS compared to reference products, due to the ability to attract higher product prices. Finally, there is no clear link between FQS and greater (or lower) education attainment in the supply chain. Overall, our results suggest that FQS can provide a strong contribution to local employment, employee income and business profits, strengthening the social and economic sustainability of producers and regions.
Prediction of RTK positioning integrity for journey planning
Authors: El-Mowafy A. , Kubo N.
Published: October 2020

Positioning integrity is crucial for Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) applications. In this article, a method is presented for prediction of GNSS positioning integrity for ITS journey planning. This information, in addition to other route information, such as distance and time, can be utilized to choose the safest and economical route. We propose to combine the Advanced Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (ARAIM) technique, tailored for ITS, with 3D city models. Positioning is performed by GNSS Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) method, which can provide the accuracy required for ITS. A new threat model employed for computation of the protection levels (PLs) for RTK positioning is discussed. Demonstration of the proposed approach is performed through a kinematic test in an urban area in Tokyo. The comparison between the prediction method and the actual observations show that the two estimate close satellite geometry and PLs. The method produced PLs that bounds the actual position errors all the time and they were less than the preset alert limit.
Individualized homeopathic medicines and Urtica urens mother tincture in treatment of hyperuricemia: an open, randomized, pragmatic, pilot trial
Authors: Nayak Chintamani , Pattanaik Nivedita , Chattopadhyay Abhijit , Misra Pankhuri , Bhar Koushik , Michael James , Koley Munmun , Saha Subhranil
Published: October 2020

Objectives

The quality of management of hyperuricemia has remained sub-optimal owing to unavoidable toxicities, limitations, and dearth of novel advances. Homeopathy has remained under-researched in hyperuricemia. We investigated the clinical effectiveness of three treatment regimens – individualized homeopathy (IH), Urtica urens mother tincture (UUMT), and both (IH + UUMT) along with lifestyle modifications in a sample of 90 patients with hyperuricemia.

Methods

An open, randomized (1:1:1), 3 parallel arms (IH, UUMT, and IH + UUMT), pragmatic trial was conducted at National Institute of Homoeopathy, Kolkata. Outcome measures were serum uric acid (primary), Gout Assessment Questionnaire version 2 (GAQ2, secondary), and Measure Yourself Medical Outcome Profile version 2 (MYMOP2, secondary); all measured at baseline, and after 3 and 6 months. Intention- to-treat sample was analyzed to detect group differences by unpaired t tests.

Results

Attrition rate was 8.9% (IH: 3, UUMT: 3, IH + UUMT: 2). Groups were comparable at baseline. Reductions in serum uric acid over 3 months were comparatively higher (p=0.057) in the UUMT group than others, however, the differences were narrowed over 6 months (p=0.119). Per protocol analysis of serum uric acid level revealed similar trend of significantly higher reduction in the UUMT group than the other two (3 months: p=0.001; 6 months: p=0.007). No significant differences existed in reductions of GAQ2 scores among the three groups. Few significant differences were detected in MYMOP scores over 3 months favoring IH against others (symptom 2, p=0.001 and wellbeing score, p=0.002), and also over 6 months favoring IH + UUMT against others (symptom 1, p<0.001).

Conclusion

Although all three therapies showed similar improvements, the IH + UUMT group had more positive direction of effects than IH or UUMT alone; however, no definite conclusion could be arrived at. Further trials are warranted with larger sample size. Trial registration: CTRI/2018/05/014026.
Econometrics Pedagogy and Cloud Computing: Training the Next Generation of Economists and Data Scientists
Authors: Handel Danielle V. , Ho Anson T. Y. , Huynh Kim P. , Jacho-Chávez David T. , Rea Carson H.
Published: October 2020

This paper describes how cloud computing tools widely used in the instruction of data scientists can be introduced and taught to economics students as part of their curriculum. The demonstration centers around a workflow where the instructor creates a virtual server and the students only need Internet access and a web browser to complete in-class tutorials, assignments, or exams. Given how prevalent cloud computing platforms are becoming for data science, introducing these techniques into students’ econometrics training would prepare them to be more competitive when job hunting, while making instructors and administrators re-think what a computer laboratory means on campus.
Developing a Case-based Emergency Response System with Adaptive Case Management
Authors: Shahrah Abobakr Y. , Al-Mashari Majed A.
Published: October 2020

The emergency responses required during large-scale crises or disasters are extremely knowledge-intensive processes and are usually characterized by a high degree of unpredictability and unrepeatability. An emergency response is mission- and time-critical, unstructured, very dynamic, and it is very difficult to predefine or even to anticipate all possible response scenarios. Therefore, designing and implementing a software system to support such a response system is highly complicated and challenging. This research aims to investigate and discuss how Adaptive Case Management (ACM) can be leveraged in the design and implementation of a case-based emergency response system. In particular, this research considers the best practices of the National Incident Management System (NIMS), which is an essential part of the National Response Framework (NRF) developed in the United States. As a proof-of-concept, a prototype demonstration has been carried out on a leading commercial ACM platform. In addition, a walkthrough scenario is discussed to elaborate how ACM can support emergency response activities in real settings using the Incident Command System (ICS) organizational structure. The key benefit of this research is to guide the development and implementation of cased-based emergency response systems with a flexible and agile approach.
Performance analysis of carrier depletion silicon PIN phase shifter
Authors: Ramesh Gabriel Jesuwanth Sugesh , Arunagiri Sivasubramanian
Published: October 2020

In this paper, we report the performance of a carrier depletion Silicon PIN phase shifter with over layer of 130 nm. It is observed that an optimum intrinsic gap of 250 nm for a device length of 5 mm at 2 V, resulted in Extinction Ratio (ER) of 23.41 dB and Bit Error Rate (BER) of 1.00 × 10−7 is obtained for 50 Gbps. The phase shifter is also designed for length 2 mm with an intrinsic gap of 100 nm at an operating voltage <4 V. The study also reveals that the proposed design for Mach-Zehnder modulator operating at a data rate of 100 Gbps for the concentration of P = 7 × 1017 cm−3 and N = 5 × 1017 cm−3 gives better BER and phase performance. The proposed design was also analysed in an intra-data centre communication setup of fibre length 15 km.
The influence of race on cervical length in pregnant women in Brazil
Authors: Minis Evelyn , Fernandes Moron Antonio , Hatanaka Alan , Sarmento Stephanno G. P. , Santucci Marcelo , Carvalho Francisco H. C. , Hamamoto Tatiana K. , Mattar Rosiana , Linhares Iara M. , Sabino Ester C. , Forney Larry J. , Witkin Steven S.
Published: October 2020

Objectives

Short cervical length is a predictor of preterm birth. We evaluated if there were racial differences in variables associated with cervical length in pregnant Brazilian women.

Methods

Cervical length was determined by vaginal ultrasound in 414 women at 21 weeks gestation. All women were seen at the same clinic and analyzed by the same investigators. Women found to have a short cervix (≤25 mm) received vaginal progesterone throughout gestation. Composition of the vaginal microbiome was determined by analysis of the V1–V3 region of the gene coding for bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA. Demographic, clinical and outcome variables were determined by chart review. Subjects were 53.4% White, 37.2% mixed race and 9.4% Black.

Results

Pregnancy, medical history and education level were similar in all groups. Mean cervical length was shorter in Black women (28.4 mm) than in White (32.4 mm) or mixed race (32.8 mm) women (p≤0.016) as was the percentage of women with a short cervix (23.1, 12.2, 7.8% in Black, White, mixed race respectively) (p≤0.026). Mean cervical length increased with maternal age in White (p=0.001) and mixed race (p=0.045) women but not Black women. There were no differences in bacterial dominance in the vaginal microbiota between groups. Most women with a short cervix delivered at term.

Conclusions

We conclude that Black women in Brazil have a shorter cervical length than White or mixed race women independent of maternal age, pregnancy and demographic history or composition of the vaginal microbiome.
Hyperechoic amniotic membranes in patients with preterm premature rupture of membranes (p-PROM) and pregnancy outcome
Authors: Volpe Nicola , di Pasquo Elvira , Ferretti Alice , Dall’Asta Andrea , Fieni Stefania , Frusca Tiziana , Ghi Tullio
Published: October 2020

Objectives

The early identification of women with preterm premature rupture of membranes (p-PROM) who are at higher risk of imminent delivery remains challenging. The aim of our study was to evaluate if an increased echogenicity of the amniotic membranes may represent a sonographic marker of impending delivery in women with p-PROM.

Methods

This was a prospective study including women with singleton pregnancies and diagnosis of p-PROM between 22 and 37 gestational weeks. A sonographic examination was performed within 24 h from the hospital admission and the appearance of the amniotic membranes close to the internal os was specifically evaluated. The membranes were defined as hyperechoic when their echogenicity was similar to that of the fetal bones or normoechoic in the other cases. The primary aim of the study was to compare the admission to spontaneous onset of labor interval and the pregnancy outcome between the cases of p-PROM with and without hyperechoic membranes.

Results

Overall, 45 women fulfilled the inclusion criteria with similar characteristics at admission. In women with hyperechoic membranes, the admission to spontaneous onset of labor interval was significantly shorter (11.5 [5.3–25.0] vs. 3.0 [1.5–9.0] p=0.04) compared to women with normo-echoic membranes. At binomial logistic regression after adjustment for GA at hospital admission, the presence of hyperechoic membranes was found as the only independent predictor of spontaneous onset of labor ≤72 h (aOR: 6.1; 95% CI: 1.0–36.9)

Conclusions

The presence of hyperechoic membranes is associated with a 6-fold higher incidence of spontaneous onset of labor within 72 h independently from the gestational age at p-PROM.