bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The dynamics of phytobenthos and its main drivers on abrasion platforms with vermetids (Alicante, Southeastern Iberian Peninsula)
Authors: TERRADAS FERNÁNDEZ MARC , BOTANA GÓMEZ CARLOS , VALVERDE URREA MIGUEL , ZUBCOFF JOSÉ JACOBO , RAMOS ESPLA ALFONSO
Published: June 2018

Abrasion platforms with vermetids shape unique seascapes and biotic assemblages that characterize several of the warm Mediterranean coasts. The composition, structural and seasonal dynamics of the platforms’ phytobenthos were examined at two Southeast Iberian locations through non-destructive sampling. The patterns observed were linked with environmental variables and grazers’ coverage, and we assessed their possible influence. Structural descriptors α-diversity and β-diversity were applied, pointing that depth and season-related variables were the major influencing drivers. Higher α-diversity and β-diversity values during winter and spring coincided with the production optimum of the community. A greater average water depth influences the abundance of both midlittoral and infralittoral taxa. The strong resemblance between the phytobenthos of these vermetid platforms and that on similar platforms in the Eastern and Central Mediterranean Sea suggests that these are affected by the same structuring mechanisms.
Exploitation status and stock assessment of the smooth clam Callista chione (Linnaeus, 1758) in the northern Alboran Sea (GSA01-W Mediterranean Sea)
Authors: BARO JORGE , GARCIA TERESA , URRA JAVIER , LOZANO MATIAS , RUEDA JOSE LUIS
Published: June 2018

The smooth clam, Callista chione (Linnaeus, 1758), is a venerid bivalve widely appreciated in southern Spain where it represents the top commercial bivalve species in terms of landings and economic value. In this area, a total of 223 artisanal boats (68% of the artisanal fleet) are involved in shellfishing targeting bivalve molluscs, including the smooth clam. The artisanal mechanised dredging that targets C. chione in the northern Alboran Sea is described and the current exploitation status of its populations is analysed. A surplus-production model was run using ASPIC and used to assess the temporal variation in the levels of fishing for this bivalve throughout the study period (2002-2015), as well as to suggest conservation reference points that could guarantee the sustainable exploitation of this resource. During the study period, the maximum C. chione catch was registered in 2003 (306 t) and the minimum in 2006 (93 t). The ASPIC model for C. chione stock suggests that a Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) of 216 t could be produced from a total stock biomass of 983 t (Bmsy) at a fishing mortality rate of total biomass of 0.22 (Fmsy), with B/Bmsy and F/Fmsy values of 1.34 and 0.82, respectively, indicating that the stock is approaching good status.
THE ROLE OF ORAL MICROBIOME IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF INFLAMMATION AND SOMATIC PATHOLOGY
Authors: Катола Виктор , Katola Viktor , Комогорцева Валерия , Komogorceva Valeriya
Published: June 2018

The review presents the modern concept of the oral microbiome, its species diversity, the properties of microbial associations and their effect on the immunobiological resistance of the organism, development of chronic inflammation and two leading infectious and inflammatory diseases (dental caries and periodontal diseases). There is briefly summarized information about the presence and nature of the relationship between the composition of periodontal microorganisms and concomitant somatic diseases: in atherosclerotic plaques in cardiovascular diseases, with pathology of the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory system and other organs and systems.
Management of production and consumption waste
Authors: Бобович Борис , Bobovich Boris
Published: June 2018

The training manual deals with the problems associated with the impact of waste on the environment and quality of life, analyzed the legal and regulatory support of waste management. The mechanical, physical, hydrodynamic, mass transfer, chemical, biochemical and heat exchange processes used in waste processing are considered. The characteristics of the main devices used in waste processing and obtaining secondary material and energy resources from them are given. Modern technologies of utilization of many types of large-scale waste are presented: scrap metal (including decommissioned cars and batteries), slag, plastics, rubber (including tires), textile materials, wood waste, waste paper, waste mineral oils, paints and others.the issues of disposal and thermal treatment of waste are Considered. Meets the requirements of the Federal state educational standard of higher education of the last generation.
For students of higher educational institutions studying in the field of "Technosphere safety", "environmental Protection" under the programs of bachelor's and master's degree and studying the issues of environmental engineering and rational use of natural resources, as well as for a wide range of engineering and technical workers of various industries.
Optimal Sales Schemes for Network Goods
Authors: Parakhonyak Alexei , Vikander Nick
Published: June 2018

This paper considers a monopolist’s product-launch strategy in the presence of network effects, focusing on how to exploit these effects to the maximum possible extent. In our formal framework, the firm sets a price for its product and chooses a sales scheme, which effectively determines how consumers can learn from each other about the product’s popularity. Our results on the profitability of different schemes provide insights on a variety of managerial issues that are of practical relevance for product launch. Specifically, to best exploit network effects, our results suggest releasing preorder and sales information to consumers. They also suggest taking a sequential approach to multimarket product launch, launching first in smaller markets before larger ones. Moreover, they identify possible benefits of promoting prerelease consumer communication, and they support the idea of targeting independent-minded consumers, so they can serve as opinion leaders for those who follow.

This paper was accepted by Juanjuan Zhang, marketing.
A RESOLUÇÃO Nº 13 DO SENADO FEDERAL E O ACÚMULO DE CRÉDITO ICMS DOS PRODUTOS IMPORTADOS
Authors: Barandas Aline
Published: June 2018

A Resolução no 13/2012 do Senado Federal trouxe para os contribuintes importadores de mercadoria uma alíquota de ICMS reduzida e padronizada de 4% para as operações seguintes com a mercadoria importada desde que não industrializada e se industrializada, composta com pelo menos mais de 40% de origem importada, fazendo com que assim haja acúmulo de crédito de ICMS em relação ao tributo pago na operação anterior. Pode assim o contribuinte gozar do benefício de compensação nas etapas posteriores ou ceder estes créditos, contudo, quando impedido das duas alternativas, encontra óbice na interpretação do fisco para deduzir tais gastos da base de cálculo do IRPJ e da CSLL quando tributado pelo lucro real.
EM BUSCA DA JUSTIÇA FISCAL: UMA LEITURA ATUAL DO PRINCÍPIO DA NEUTRALIDADE
Authors: Vitalis Aline
Published: June 2018

O objetivo principal do presente trabalho é abordar a relação existente entre o princípio da neutralidade fiscal, a preservação da livre concorrência e a justiça fiscal, no contexto atual de regulação econômica. O princípio da neutralidade fiscal é apresentado sob perspectivas diversas, defendendo-se uma leitura atual do princípio, que na sua vertente positiva legitima a intervenção do Estado na economia, inclusive mediante a imposição tributária.
A TREDESTINAÇÃO DAS CONTRIBUIÇÕES SOCIAIS
Authors: Ferraro Carolina Cantarelle
Published: June 2018

O artigo tem por escopo analisar os contornos das contribuições sociais no Estado contemporâneo, desde sua origem até os dias atuais, passando pelo tratamento dado à temática no Brasil. Tendo por base tais contornos atualmente definidos na Constituição, far-se-á uma análise crítica do fenômeno da desvinculação das receitas da União e seu impacto às contribuições sociais.
IMPOSTO DE RENDA E JUSTIÇA FISCAL À LUZ DO PRINCÍPIO CONSTITUCIONAL DA CAPACIDADE CONTRIBUTIVA
Authors: Cabral Marcos Vinícius Costa
Published: June 2018

O presente trabalho objetiva abordar a tributação do imposto sobre a renda e proventos de qualquer natureza como instrumento de justiça fiscal, sob a perspectiva da força normativa e aplicabilidade plena e imediata dos princípios constitucionais tributários, exigindo que o imposto de renda cumpra efetivamente sua função extrafiscal de promover justiça na tributação, e, em última análise, funcione como mecanismo de justiça distributiva e de bem-estar social.
Improving patient outcomes through the implementation of a person-centred leg ulcer pathway
Authors: Mullings Julie , Merlin-Manton Elizabeth
Published: June 2018

Objective:

To develop a holistic pathway for leg ulcer assessment and management, implemented within a local community organisation. The primary aim for this pathway was to reduce time-to-healing.

Method:

A leg ulcer pathway was designed to be used in all care settings to support continuity, and contains quality of life (QoL) assessment tools, a treatment algorithm, guidance for use, a leg ulcer assessment form, and a wound treatment chart.

Results:

Data analysis, carried out 12 months after implementation, compared pre- and post-averages for ulcer time-to-healing: 123.7 days (median: 84 days), n=46 pre-implementation, versus 69.1 days (median: 46 days), n=30 post-implementation, respectively, which demonstrated a minimum 44% reduction in time. Cost saving analysis demonstrated a minimum cost reduction of 45% in nursing time.

Conclusion:

The implementation of a structured, person-centred leg ulcer pathway has provided many benefits to patients, clinicians and the hospital and community trust. Enhancing correct dressing product placement by ensuring the right dressing is used at the right time, in tandem with the correct compression regime, improved healing outcomes. The patient journey has become more streamlined providing the best chance to achieve full healing quickly.
Flexible sensors for real-time monitoring of moisture levels in wound dressings
Authors: Messaoud Mouna , Marsiquet Cyril , Revol-Cavalier Frédéric , Rat Venceslass , Marchand Gilles
Published: June 2018

Objective:

Few studies have investigated methods to monitor the moisture distribution and filling percentage of dressings during wound management. In this study, a new system allowing moisture monitoring across the wound dressing to be measured is examined.

Method:

The system is composed of a wound bed model with a fluid injection system to mimic exudate flow, a flexible sensor array and data acquisition software. The sensor is composed of 14 flexible electrode arrays, screen-printed on a flexible support and placed on the top of a wound dressing. The system is used to evaluate the performance of a foam-based dressing model.

Results:

During constant injection of fluid, the wound dressing absorbed moisture at the wound interface throughout the experiment, and expanded as the fluid spread from the wound bed to the edging areas of the foam. The in-time monitoring by the use of the screen-printed electrodes allowed a mapping of the dressing wet surface and estimation of the foam saturation (filling percentage) based on a simple acquisition method without the need to remove the dressing from the wound bed.

Conclusion:

The findings of this study propose a non-invasive method to monitor the filling of the wound dressing and consequently, a potential solution for determining the optimal dressing change during wound management without causing irritation or further damage to the periwound skin.
The healing properties of medicinal plants used in the Brazilian public health system: a systematic review
Authors: Marmitt Diorge Jônatas , Bitencourt Shanna , Silva Amanda do Couto e , Rempel Claudete , Goettert Márcia Inês
Published: June 2018

Objective:

The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the healing potential of medicinal plants belonging to the Brazilian National List of Medicinal Plants of Interest to the Unified Health System (RENISUS).

Method:

PubMed and ScienceDirect databases were searched for relevant articles, regardless of the language, from 2010 to June 2016. Two reviewers independently assessed study eligibility. Articles were included if they presented evidence of healing potential of medicinal plants. Only those available as full and open access texts were considered.

Results:

A total of 1381 articles met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 156 studies were considered eligible and were reviewed as full text. Following full analysis, 64 studies were included in this review. The studies covered 27 of the 71 plants belonging to RENISUS, nine of which are native to Brazil. In addition, two species are currently available in the Brazilian public health system as herbal medicine.

Conclusion:

This review may encourage and contribute to the appropriate use of medicinal plants in the public health system in Brazil.
Current and Emerging Trends in Point-of-Care Technology and Strategies for Clinical Validation and Implementation
Authors: Wang Ping , Kricka Larry J
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND

Point-of-care technology (POCT) provides actionable information at the site of care to allow rapid clinical decision-making. With healthcare emphasis shifting toward precision medicine, population health, and chronic disease management, the potential impact of POCT continues to grow, and several prominent POCT trends have emerged or strengthened in the last decade.

CONTENT

This review summarizes current and emerging trends in POCT, including technologies approved or cleared by the Food and Drug Administration or in development. Technologies included have either impacted existing clinical diagnostics applications (e.g., continuous monitoring and targeted nucleic acid testing) or are likely to impact diagnostics delivery in the near future. The focus is limited to in vitro diagnostics applications, although in some sections, technologies beyond in vitro diagnostics are also included given the commonalities (e.g., ultrasound plug-ins for smart phones). For technologies in development (e.g., wearables, noninvasive testing, mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance, paper-based diagnostics, nanopore-based devices, and digital microfluidics), we also discuss their potential clinical applications and provide perspectives on strategies beyond technological and analytical proof of concept, with the end goal of clinical implementation and impact.

The field of POCT has witnessed strong growth over the past decade, as evidenced by new clinical or consumer products or research and development directions. Combined with the appropriate strategies for clinical needs assessment, validation, and implementation, these and future POCTs may significantly impact care delivery and associated outcomes and costs.
Association of Tryptophan Metabolites with Incident Type 2 Diabetes in the PREDIMED Trial: A Case–Cohort Study
Authors: Yu Edward , Papandreou Christopher , Ruiz-Canela Miguel , Guasch-Ferre Marta , Clish Clary B , Dennis Courtney , Liang Liming , Corella Dolores , Fitó Montserrat , Razquin Cristina , Lapetra José , Estruch Ramón , Ros Emilio , Cofán Montserrat , Arós Fernando , Toledo Estefania , Serra-Majem Lluis , Sorlí José V , Hu Frank B , Martinez-Gonzalez Miguel A , Salas-Salvado Jordi
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND

Metabolites of the tryptophan–kynurenine pathway (i.e., tryptophan, kynurenine, kynurenic acid, quinolinic acid, 3-hydroxyanthranilic) may be associated with diabetes development. Using a case–cohort design nested in the Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea (PREDIMED) study, we studied the associations of baseline and 1-year changes of these metabolites with incident type 2 diabetes (T2D).

METHODS

Plasma metabolite concentrations were quantified via LC-MS for n = 641 in a randomly selected subcohort and 251 incident cases diagnosed during 3.8 years of median follow-up. Weighted Cox models adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, and other T2D risk factors were used.

RESULTS

Baseline tryptophan was associated with higher risk of incident T2D (hazard ratio = 1.29; 95% CI, 1.04–1.61 per SD). Positive changes in quinolinic acid from baseline to 1 year were associated with a higher risk of T2D (hazard ratio = 1.39; 95% CI, 1.09–1.77 per SD). Baseline tryptophan and kynurenic acid were directly associated with changes in homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) from baseline to 1 year. Concurrent changes in kynurenine, quinolinic acid, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, and kynurenine/tryptophan ratio were associated with baseline-to-1-year changes in HOMA-IR.

CONCLUSIONS

Baseline tryptophan and 1-year increases in quinolinic acid were positively associated with incident T2D. Baseline and 1-year changes in tryptophan metabolites predicted changes in HOMA-IR. Tryptophan levels may initially increase and then deplete as diabetes progresses in severity.
Book Review Essay
Authors: Madkhali Huthayfah
Published: June 2018

Tourism in the Arab World: An Industry Perspective, Hamed Almuhrzi, Hafidh Alriyami and Noel Scott (eds) (2017) Bristol: Channel View, 304 pp., ISBN: 978-1-84541-614-0, p/bk, £109.95
Unpredictability in everyday photography: A case study
Authors: Melo Ricardo , Lamelas André , Carvalhais Miguel
Published: June 2018

Modern technology is pervading all aspects of our everyday lives. With its focus on optimization, and through the growing adoption of content personalization, these technologies – in their attempts for relevancy and efficiency – are decreasing the role of chance and luck in our interactions with the Digital Medium, leading to a reduced potential for serendipitous experiences. This is exemplified in the post-smartphone photography. With the growing popularity of camera-enabled devices, photography has become commonplace: a trivial, routinely and mindlessly engaged practice. The photography act, due to the ever-increasing capacity of these devices to accurately record an image of the real, has become a series of brief, predictable actions, without much thought or consideration on the whole interaction. Through the exploration of the concept of defamiliarization, we intend to restore a sense on uncertainty and randomness to the quotidian photographic moment. To this end, we created an experimental smartphone application that randomly, and without the interactor’s control, transforms and manipulates a given photograph – thus making it unfamiliar – and allowing for surprise to be once more part of the process while increasing the engagement between photographer, subject and created image. We have also begun preliminary evaluations which have showed a positive impact of the concepts of this experimental application in the creative process.
Playing the networked image of the city: Ghosts, glitches, traces
Authors: Innocent Troy
Published: June 2018

Being ‘in play’ evokes another way of being, an alternate reality, a different set of spatial relations. While play exists in time, it is atemporal, having its own rules of time and space. Play can be pervasive, embedded in day-to-day life, blending and bleeding into reality occupying a multitude of micromoments. Images of play present multiple meanings – diagrams of logic and rules, millisecond game state updates, assemblages of iconic game objects, spatial and cartographical information – and are distributed across screens big and small connected by digital networks. Within the framework of a fictional state – the Micronation of Ludea – these themes were explored via public artworks blending street art, formal abstraction, Augmented Reality (AR) and game design. The works play with the conventions of behaviour and construction of public space via their augmentation with the code and logic of game worlds. These games generate new images of the city from the combined viewpoints of the individual and the collective, micro and macro, monumental and intimate, transient and permanent, and the personal and public.
Vamos as Compras: O Bom Vizinho Faz a Diferença?
Authors: Santos Ruan Carlos dos , Barros Francisco Elder Escossio de , Pinho Thais Helena Moreira , Machado Monica Cristina Rovaris
Published: June 2018

O presente caso de ensino evidencia a trajetória dos irmãos Pinheiro e de seus negócios de 36 anos no ramo de rede de supermercado. Trata mais detalhadamente do período de transição vivido por eles, acerca da expansão de novas filiais com inovações, desde lojas de conveniências, parque, playground e cinemas. No caso, é possível identificar aspectos que remetem ao desenvolvimento de um processo empreendedor, elaboração de estratégia deliberada a partir de estratégia emergente, gestão estratégica e mudança organizacional, para atender demandas de novos mercados, como a idealização de um shopping. Nele também é possível constatar que o desenvolvimento de um plano de expansão da rede de supermercado é algo viável e atrativo para uma pequena empresa, desde que se atue com foco estratégico e empenho para realizá-lo, mesmo com ajustes.
INTERNALISASI NILAI-NILAI MASYARAKAT ADAT DALAM PEMBAHARUAN HUKUM PIDANA NASIONAL
Authors: Maskur Muhammad Azil
Published: June 2018

Fokus permasalahan dalam artikel ini adalah pembahasan terhadap nilai-nilai yang ada dalam masyarakat adat Sedulur Sikep dan internalisasi nilai-nilai masyarakat adat Sedulur Sikep dalam Pembaharuan Hukum Pidana Nasional. Artikel ini sangat penting dalam rangka pembangunan sistem hukum nasional melalui pembaharuan hukum pidana nasional yang berbabis pada nilai-nilai yang hidup di masyarakat, sebagaimana diamanahkan dalam Pasal 18 B ayat (2) UUD 1945 yang mengakui eksistensi masyarakat hukum adat. Artikel ini merupakan hasil penelitian dengan metode pendekatan yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dan jenis penelitian yuridis sosiologis. Hasil penelitian dan pembahasan menunjukkan ada banyak nilai-nilai masyarakat adat yang dapat di internalisasikan dalam pembaharuan hukum pidana nasional, salah satunya masyarakat adat Sedulur Sikep di Jawa Tengah. Nilai-nilai masyarakat Sedulur Sikep ini dapat diinternalisasikan dalam Pembaharuan Hukum Pidana Nasional melalui dua jalan, pertama melalui kriminalisasi dalam RKUHP. kedua melalui penerapan asas legalitas materiil yang mengakui hukum yang hidup di masyarakat.
PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA TANAH WAKAF YANG TIDAK TERSERTIFIKASI DI WILAYAH PESISIR UTARA JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Islamiyati Islamiyati
Published: June 2018

Kesenjangan aturan wakaf  dengan realitas penyelesaian sengketa wakaf tanah tidak tersertifikasi di wilayah PANTURA Jawa Tengah menjadikan penelitian ini penting dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengungkap dan menganalisis kasus sengketa tanah wakaf tidak tersertifikasi di Wilayah PANTURA Jawa Tengah, faktor penyebab dan upaya hukum penyelesaiannya. Jenis penelitian ini field research dengan sampel penelitian Kabupaten Kendal, Demak dan Kota Semarang. Metode pendekatannya juridis empiris, sumber datanya yakni data primer dan skunder yang meliputi bahan hukum primer, sekunder dan tersier, data dianalisis secara kualitatif dengan bantuan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan di daerah PANTURA Jawa Tengah ditemukan tanah wakaf tidak tersertifikasi sebesar 11,8 %, hal ini rentan menimbulkan sengketa. Faktor penyebabnya adalah sumber daya wakif dan nazhir, faktor tempat, dan kesalahpahaman legalitas perwakafan. Upaya penyelesaiannya melalui mediasi (60 %).
KEARIFAN LOKAL TERBONSAI ARUS GLOBALISASI
Authors: KONRADUS DANGGUR
Published: June 2018

AbstrakEksistensi masyarakat hukum adat sudah ada sebelum NKRI berdiri.Keberadaannya yang beranekaragam termasuk dalam kearifan lokal yang tereksplisit dalam pasal 18 B UUD 1945.Terkait dengan itu nampak ada gap antara das sollen dan das sein.Untuk mempertahankan eksistensi masyarakat hukum adat dengan kearifan lokalnya perlu perlindungan dari Negara, yaitu melakukan pembaharuan hukum.Dalam penulisan ini dilakukan pendekatan socio-legal dengan kerangka paradigma kostruktivisme.Out put pendekatan ini  adalahharmonisasi antara hukum corporate, hukum negara dan hukum adat. Untuk itu diperlukan rekonstruksi  terhadap hak-hak tradisional masyarakat hukum adat.Diperlukan rekontruksi terhadap hak-hak tradisional masyarakat hukum adat, sehingga sehingga pengakuan negara bukan hanya dalam tataran das sollen, melainkan menjadi das sein.Kata Kunci:   masyarakat hukum adat, globalisasi, sistem hukum Pancasila.
Pencegahan Penyalagunaan Kewenangan Penyidik Dalam Penegakan Hukum Tindak Pidana Narkotika
Authors: Kurniawan Riza Alifianto
Published: June 2018

Tindak Pidana Narkotika sudah menjadi prioritas penegakan hukum di Indonesia. Pemberian kewenangan khusus dalam hal penyidikan tindak pidana narkotika bagi POLRI dan BNN memberikan peluang penegakan hukum yang lebih efektif, akan tetapi luasnya kewenangan penyidikan memberikan peluang juga untuk terjadinya pelanggaran atau penyalagunaan kewenangan apabila tidak diatur atau dievaluasi. Evaluasi kewenangan penyidik dalam sistem peradilan pidana Indonesia dilakukan melalui mekanisme praperadilan. Kewenangan khusus membutuhkan dasar hukum dan aturan main yang khusus pula sehingga lembaga praperadilan dapat digunakan untuk menguji atau memberi perlindungan hak-hak tersangka yang menjalani proses pemeriksaan di tingkat penyidikan dan penuntutan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah menguji konsep kewenangan penyidik tindak pidana narkotika dengan menggunakan peraturan perundang-undangan dan asas-asas umum pemerintahan yang baik.Kata kunci : pembelian terselubung, penyerahan yang diawasi, diskresi
Pemahaman Masyarakat Riau Dan Landasan Filosofis Peraturan Perundang-Undangan Tentang Pelaksanaan Pidana Tutupan
Authors: Ridwan Mukhlis
Published: June 2018

Pelaksanaan pidana tutupan secara yuridis telah diatur dalam UU No.20 Pnps Tahun 1946 Tentang Hukuman Tutupan dan Pelaksanaannya melalui Peraturan Pemerintah No.8 Tahun 1948 Tentang Rumah Tutupan. Dalam realitasnya pelaksanaan UU tentang Pidana tutupan hanya sekali diterapkan melalui putusan MA tertanggal 27 mei 1948 atas pelaku tindak pidana yang disebut peristiwa 3 juli 1946. Secara normative berlaku tetapi tidak pernah dilaksanakan, sehingga masyarakat hampir tidak mengetahui ada pidana tutupan. Melalui paradigma Konstrukstivime dengan Ontologi, epistemology dan metodeologi yang dimilikinya, akan menjawab bagaimana pemahaman masyarakat dan landasan filosofis peraturan perundang-undangan tentang pelaksanaan pidana tutupan, serta dinamika relasinya di Riau. Kajian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan sumbangsih atas perbaikan aturan pelaksana pidana tutupan dimasa yang akan datang
Model Transformasi Fiqh Jinâyah ke dalam Hukum Pidana Nasional (Kritik Nazhariyat al-‘Uqûbah terhadap Materi KUHP)
Authors: Abdillah Junaidi , Suryani Suryani
Published: June 2018

Isu integrasi hukum fiqh jinayah dalam hukum nasional selalu menjadi tema yang kontroversial. Agenda tentang legislasi fiqh jinayah pun menuai badai pro dan kontra. Mengantagoniskan dua pandangan yang berbeda bukanlah langkah yang bijak. Sebab, fakta reformasi atas hukum pidana warisan Hindia Belanda saat ini menjadi kebutuhan yang mutlak. Di sisi lain penerapan fiqh jinayah secara literal dan simbolis juga membawa resistensi. Dengan demikian, maka rekonstruksi epistemologi fiqh jinayah Indonesia menjadi poin utama. Paper ini bertujuan mencari faktor penyebab mengapa upaya integrasi fiqh jinayah dan hukum pidana nasional sangat sulit dilakukan. Sisi laiimya juga mengkaji aspek aplikasi dan model integrasi fiqh jinayah ke dalam hukum pidana nasional. Melalui pendekatan sosio-filosofis dan metode studi dokumentasi serta pisau bedah analisis isi (content analysis), paper ini menghasilkan simpulan bahwa terdapat banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi kesulitan fiqh jinayah menjadi bagian hukum nasional. Karenanya, integrasi maqashidi berbasis epistemologi ke-Indonesiaan sebagai model integrasi.
Stand und Perspektiven der Nutzung von MEI in der Musikwissenschaft und in Bibliotheken
Authors: Veit Joachim , Richts Kristina
Published: June 2018

Ausgehend von einer Darstellung der (an TEI angelehnten) Entwicklung von MEI werden die Forschungsperspektiven des Einsatzes dieses für wissenschaftliche Zwecke geschaffenen Formats und speziell das Potential seines umfangreichen Header-Bereichs beschrieben. Am Beispiel der Rolle von Faksimiles in Editionen wird deutlich, wie dieses Format zu einer neuen Zusammenarbeit von Wissenschaft und Bibliotheken beitragen kann.
The letters of Casa Ricordi
Authors: Rebulla Patrizia , Ledda Pierluigi , Müller Helen
Published: June 2018

The Archivio Storico Ricordi holds the historical records of one of the most important music publisher of all times. For almost two hundred years, beyond their main business as music publishers, the Ricordis were also impresarios, agents, and cultural organisers, and played a central and unique mediating role within Italian musical life. This role is very well documented by some 30,000 autograph letters addressed to Casa Ricordi by composers, writers, librettists, singers, and conductors, and an impressive and neatly ordered collection of around 600,000 sent letters. The whole collection will be published online bit by bit. The goal of the project is to connect the letters not only with the relevant records of the Ricordi archive (ledgers, contracts, stage designs, scores, pictures...), but also with other music archives over the web.
Digitizing Sound Archives at Royal Library of Belgium
Authors: Lemmers Frédéric
Published: June 2018

Music in general and recorded music in particular are rarely a priority for libraries’ digitization policies, although wax cylinders and 78rpm discs might be digitized for preservation and accessibility reasons. The respect of the original recording technique during the digitization process will ensure the scientific and artistic credibility of the digitized sources. The Royal Library of Belgium started in 2016 the digitization of its whole collection of 78rpm. Realized by subcontracting, this project of about 4,000 hours will constitute a large corpus of sources for the digital musicology upcoming needs.
Die Unwahrscheinlichkeit von Wissenstradition und die Beharrlichkeit der Bibliothek
Authors: Ernst Wolfgang
Published: June 2018

Mit dem Wandel der Leitmedien von der Buchform zur Zeitform ändert sich der Auftrag der Bibliothek oder lässt diesen zumindest deutlicher erscheinen: Sie hat ihre Rolle im kybernetischen Denken der Wissenszirkulation zu aktualisieren als Zeitkanal zwischen materieller Entropie und ordnungsbewahrender Negentropie. Zwar ist der Hypertext eine aktuelle Alternative zum raumbezogenen Gedächtnis und eröffnet neue Optionen der Wissensnavigation, doch angesichts der Zerstreuung in Netzarchitekturen bedarf es der Bibliothek, um dem Verlust der Nachhaltigkeit von Online-Wissen katechontisch (verzögernd) entgegenzuwirken.
Do We Need a New Approach to Library and Information Science?
Authors: Audunson Ragnar Andreas
Published: June 2018

This article analyses the pressure against librarianship and library and information science stemming from digitization and the increased importance attached to libraries’ role as meeting places and arenas for the public sphere. Both these developmental tendencies make many question the need of librarians as intermediaries between users and the sources of information. The navigating and searching for information in a digital world when the world itself has become a library, is far from trivial and the traditional competencies of librarians relating to searching for and finding information is as relevant as ever. LIS schools should also provide their students with theoretical tools helping them reflect upon the role and potential of libraries in relation to the challenges to upholding a sustainable public sphere in a digital and multicultural age. LIS schools should also convey to their students the historical continuity and legacy of libraries as a public sphere institution.
Warum brauchen wir eine (neue) Bibliothekswissenschaft?
Authors: Hobohm Hans-Christoph
Published: June 2018

Die Medienschwelle, an der wir uns befinden, stellt viele Institutionen infrage. Nicht aber die Bibliothek, wie viele äußerst erfolgreiche neue Bibliotheksprojekte (ÖB und WB) belegen. Der Themenschwerpunkt lässt (auch anlässlich der Next Library Conference in Berlin im September 2018) unterschiedliche Wissenschaftler zu Wort kommen, die dafür plädieren, sich auch wissenschaftlich mit dem Phänomen Bibliothek (wieder) zu befassen, um besser zu verstehen, wie ihre Potentiale den digitalen Wandel positiv begleiten können.
Real-scale comparison between simple and composite raw sewage sampling
Authors: Sergio Scalize Paulo , Moraes Frazão Juliana
Published: June 2018

The present study performed a qualitative and quantitative characterization of the raw sewage collected at the entrance of the sewage treatment station of the city of Itumbiara, state of Goiás. Samples were collected every two hours over a period of seven consecutive days. Characterization of both point samples and composite samples was performed. The parameters analyzed were: temperature, pH, alkalinity, chemical oxygen demand, oil and grease, electric conductivity, total phosphorus, settleable solids, ammoniacal nitrogen, total suspended solids, volatile suspended solids, fixed suspended solids and turbidity. These results allowed us to verify that it is possible to perform the collection and analysis of a point sample, instead of a composite sample, as a way of monitoring the efficiency of a sewage treatment plant.
Effects of K2CO3 Addition on Inclusions in High-Carbon Steel for Saw Wire
Authors: Chen Liangjun , Chen Weiqing , Hu Yang , Chen Zhaoping , Xu Yingtie , Yan Wei
Published: June 2018

In order to avoid the formation of crack initiation sites, inclusions in high-carbon steel for saw wire are strictly required to have excellent deformability. However, it is hard to achieve this goal with only conventional inclusion softening art, such as Si-Mn deoxidation and low basicity top slag refining. Therefore, a new method should be put forward to enhance the deformability of inclusions. Low melting temperature inclusions are widely considered to have good deformability, hence, adding K (potassium) into inclusions may become a potential new method to better enhance the deformability of inclusions due to the pronounced effect of K2O on lowering the melting temperature of inclusions. In the present study, the influences of Fe/K2CO3 (weight ratio), K2CO3 addition amount and reaction time on inclusions were investigated by using a graphite tube resistance furnace. Through this study, a solution to adding K into inclusions effectively by K2CO3 addition was developed and the melting temperature of inclusions was significantly reduced. In addition, the reaction mechanism between K2CO3/slag/steel/inclusion was deduced and the relation between deformability and crystallinity of inclusions was also briefly discussed.
Application of Finite-Time and Control Thermodynamics to Biological Processes at Multiple Scales
Authors: Roach Ty N. F. , Salamon Peter , Nulton James , Andresen Bjarne , Felts Ben , Haas Andreas , Calhoun Sandi , Robinett Nathan , Rohwer Forest
Published: June 2018

An overall synthesis of biology and non-equilibrium thermodynamics remains a challenge at the interface between the physical and life sciences. Herein, theorems from finite-time and control thermodynamics are applied to biological processes to indicate which biological strategies will succeed over different time scales. In general, living systems maximize power at the expense of efficiency during the early stages of their development while proceeding at slower rates to maximize efficiency over longer time scales. The exact combination of yield and power depends upon the constraints on the system, the degrees of freedom in question, and the time scales of the processes. It is emphasized that biological processes are not driven by entropy production but, rather, by informed exergy flow. The entropy production is the generalized friction that is minimized insofar as the constraints allow. Theorems concerning thermodynamic path length and entropy production show that there is a direct tradeoff between the efficiency of a process and the process rate. To quantify this tradeoff, the concepts of compensated heat and waste heat are introduced. Compensated heat is the exergy dissipated, which is necessary for a process to satisfy constraints. Conversely, waste heat is exergy that is dissipated as heat, but does not provide a compensatory increase in rate or other improvement. We hypothesize that it is waste heat that is minimized through natural selection. This can be seen in the strategies employed at several temporal and spatial scales, including organismal development, ecological succession, and long-term evolution. Better understanding the roles of compensated heat and waste heat in biological processes will provide novel insight into the underlying thermodynamic mechanisms involved in metabolism, ecology, and evolution.
Information Literacy in the Age of Machines that Learn: Desiderata for Machines that Teach
Authors: Smith Catherine L. , Matteson Miriam L.
Published: June 2018

With the use of machine learning and other advances, modern information search systems make it easy for searchers to access information to meet their most frequent information needs. Building from Kuhlthau’s concepts of exploration and differentiating, this article argues that along with the benefits of greater accessibility, these advances impede the development of information literacy, conceptualized as processes for planning, accessing, judging and communicating information. It is argued that information literacy emerges during interaction with search systems and modern system designs hide or render unworkable the contextual information needed for the judgment processes of information literacy. In response to these concerns, the article contributes desiderata for new designs that facilitate the discovery, navigation and use of context information.
Influence of Access to HIV/AIDS Information on the Knowledge of Federal University Undergraduates in Nigeria
Authors: Mofoluwaso Bankole Olubanke , Abioye Abiola
Published: June 2018

Information and knowledge are the foremost tools in fighting the scourge of HIV/AIDS. Previous studies have focused more on HIV/AIDS and Nigerian undergraduates’ attitudes, beliefs and protective practices than how information factors influence their knowledge of the pandemic. This study, therefore, investigated the influence of access to HIV/AIDS information on its knowledge among undergraduates of federal universities in Nigeria. The study adopted the descriptive survey research design, with a combination of the purposive, proportionate and stratified random sampling technique used to select 1,679 undergraduates from five universities across five geopolitical zones of Nigeria. Questionnaire was the instrument used for collecting data, which were analyzed using Pearson’s product moment correlation and multiple regression. The most accessible sources of HIV/AIDS information among undergraduates were television (94.5 %), radio (93.0 %) and the Internet/ICT centers (90.5 %). The types of HIV/AIDS information frequently assessed were information on how to refuse sex (Mean=3.15), how to be faithful to one partner (Mean=3.12), sharing of sharp objects (Mean=3.12), blood transfusion (Mean=3.11), unprotected sexual intercourse (Mean=3.10) and how to use condoms correctly (Mean=3.09). Access to HIV/AIDS information (r=0.15) resulted in positive significant relationships with HIV/AIDS knowledge, thus access to HIV/AIDS information has a positive influence on the promotion of knowledge of HIV/AIDS among undergraduates. The level of study was also a predictor of HIV/AIDS knowledge, which was not the case for factors of age, discipline, gender, marital status, tribe and religion. The AIDS service organizations and program developers should come up with strategies that would strengthen and improve the content, accuracy and ease of understanding of HIV/AIDS information that students have access to in order to facilitate its use.
Disjoint hypercyclicity equals disjoint supercyclicity for families of Taylor-type operators
Authors: Ma Yingbin , Wang Cui
Published: June 2018

We characterize disjointness of supercyclic operators which map a holomorphic function to a partial sum of the Taylor expansion. In particular, we show that disjoint hypercyclicity equals disjoint supercyclicity for families of Taylor-type operators. Moreover, we give a sufficient condition to yield the disjoint supercyclicity for families of Taylor-type operators.
Persistence of spatial meanings in the conceptualization of causality: at, by, with and about in emotion constructions
Authors: Kim Eunmi
Published: June 2018

Prepositions encode various causal forces when expressing emotion causality in emotion constructions. This study investigates two pairs of prepositions, the zerodimensional at and by, and the two- or three-dimensional with and about, which show contrasting collocation patterns in emotion constructions. Through a corpus analysis of the Corpus of Contemporary American English, this study claims that there is a strong tendency that zero-dimensional prepositions are used with short-term emotions, whereas two- or three-dimensional prepositions frequently occur with long-term emotions. This study argues that the constraints of distributions of prepositions with emotive adjectives can be accounted for by features of their spatial source meanings in early usages. In the framework of grammaticalization, the constraints of collocation patterns of two pairs of prepositions with emotive adjectives show the phenomenon with respect to the “persistence” of Hopper (1991) in which traces of the source lexemes are retained in the constraints of their distributions. This study is significant in that it suggests a typology of causality based on spatial dimensions of prepositions.
Composition and source of white precipitations on the inner side of papyrus glazings
Authors: Graf Jörg , Villmann Beate , Schlattner Evelyn
Published: June 2018

Traditionally papyrus fragments are stored between glass panels in many museum collections. In most exhibits a white precipitation is formed on the inner surface of the glazing which complicates reading and digitalization. With the help of the present study the question of the origin and possibilities for avoiding these precipitations should be answered. It could be shown that the precipitations consist of the salts sodium chloride and sodium nitrate. The chloride and nitrate ions for the salt formation stem from the papyrus whereas the sodium ions are dissolved from the float glass. By the use of higher-quality glass such as borosilicate glass this process can be prevented or at least slowed down. Furthermore a storage of the exhibits at relative humidities below 0 % is recommended.
Bleibend notwendig! Der Problemorientierte Religionsunterricht und seine Bedeutung für eine kritische Religionspädagogik – Geschichte und Aktualität.
Authors: Knauth Thorsten
Published: June 2018

Der Problemorientierte Religionsunterricht entwickelt sich im Kontext tiefgreifender gesellschaftlicher Umbrüche in der zweiten Hälfte der 60er Jahre des 20. Jahrhunderts. Er führt zu einer grundlegenden Modernisierung von Religionsunterricht und Religionspädagogik und leitet bedeutsame curriculare Veränderungen mit Bezug auf die lebensweltliche und politische Dimension religiösen Lernens ein. In der Überwindung eines gesellschaftsfernen biblischen Religionsunterrichts gelingt erstmals nach dem 2. Weltkrieg der Durchbruch zu einem subjekt- und erfahrungsorientierten dialogischen religiösen Lernen, das auf soziale und politische Kontexte Bezug nimmt. In diesem Beitrag wird die These vertreten, dass der Problemorientierte Religionsunterricht als eigenständige kritische Theorie religiöser Bildung auch gegenwärtigen Debatten über eine gesellschaftsbezogene und politisch dimensionierte Religionspädagogik wichtige Impulse geben kann.
Sinn – Bedeutung – Präsenz. Aspekte religiöser Bildung
Authors: Dressler Bernhard
Published: June 2018

Religiöse Bildung kann auf unterschiedliche Weise als Sinnerschließung verstanden werden. Weltdeutung und Daseinshermeneutik spielen dabei zusammen. Indem die Welt für „lesbar“ gehalten wird, wird eine für jede Didaktik notwendige Voraussetzung zugleich religiös anschlussfähig. Allerdings geht die christliche Religion nicht im Sinn von „Bedeutungen“ auf. Sie ist vor allem das Versprechen einer tröstenden und versöhnenden Gegenwart.
Experimental Analysis on the Mechanical Properties of Saturated Silty Mudstone under Frozen Conditions
Authors: Liu Lulu , Liu Xiaoyan , Li Zhe , Yao Zhaoming , Cai Guojun
Published: June 2018

The mechanical properties (compressive peak strength and axial strain at peak strength) of frozen saturated silty mudstone are key parameters for the safety assessment of coal mine shafts during construction. However, the experimental data on such mechanical properties are limited. In order to derive much more accurate and economic results, in the present study, a series of uniaxial compressive tests were conducted on frozen saturated silty mudstone using temperature conditions of −10°C, −15°C, −20°C, and −25°C and loading rates of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 MPa/s. The analysis of a number of experimental results showed that the compressive peak strength of saturated silty mudstone was related parabolically to temperature. On the other hand, the axial strain at peak strength was related linearly to temperature. The compressive peak strength of saturated silty mudstone was relatively small in comparison to saturated sandstone and saturated coal rock. Based on the experimental results, an empirical prediction model equation was established to describe the relationship between compressive peak strength, axial strain at peak strength, temperature, and loading rate, which will provide important reference values for mine shaft freezing construction when a water-bearing rock stratum exists.
Study on the Role of Casting Defects and Surface Finish on Fatigue Life in Die-cast AM60B Magnesium Alloy Using X-Ray Computed Tomography
Authors: Rao Harish M. , Kang Jidong
Published: June 2018

Magnesium alloy has attracted considerable attention from the automotive industry because of its low density and high specific strength combined with excellent casting capabilities. However, the role of casting defects and surface finish on the fatigue life emerges as a major concern. To study the role of surface finish, the die-cast skin was removed from the selected test specimens by hand polishing. No major difference in surface roughness was observed between the die-cast and polished surface. To characterize the casting defects in each test specimen, prior to the fatigue test, X-ray computed tomography (XCT) scans were performed on a desktop micro-XCT scanner. The preliminary XCT scans revealed a large number of gas and shrinkage pores concentrated in the center sections of the test specimens and a few scattered close to the free surface. In addition to gas and shrinkage pores, in unpolished specimens, small microcracks and notch-like surface imperfections were also observed on the edge of the test specimens. Strain controlled fatigue tests were performed on polished and unpolished test specimens at a 0.3 % strain amplitude. After every 2,000 fatigue cycles, the test was interrupted and XCT was performed to study the crack initiation and propagation in the respective test specimens. The fatigue test exhibited no major difference in fatigue life between the unpolished and polished specimens. However, XCT scans revealed the dominant fatigue crack initiated from the surface imperfections in unpolished specimens and from casting pores closer to the free surface in polished specimens. The fatigue test results and spatial distribution of casting pores were compared with the specimens extracted from a die-cast shock-tower structure from a previous study. Although a difference in spatial distribution of the casting pores was observed, it had no major impact on the fatigue life between the two sets of specimens.