bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Magnetization switching using topological surface states
Authors: Li Peng , Kally James , Zhang Steven S.-L. , Pillsbury Timothy , Ding Jinjun , Csaba Gyorgy , Ding Junjia , Jiang J. S. , Liu Yunzhi , Sinclair Robert , Bi Chong , DeMann August , Rimal Gaurab , Zhang Wei , Field Stuart B. , Tang Jinke , Wang Weigang , Heinonen Olle G. , Novosad Valentine , Hoffmann Axel , Samarth Nitin , Wu Mingzhong
Published: August 2019

With a topological insulator/magnetic insulator bilayer, we demonstrate topological surface state–driven magnetization switching.
Repair of tooth enamel by a biomimetic mineralization frontier ensuring epitaxial growth
Authors: Shao Changyu , Jin Biao , Mu Zhao , Lu Hao , Zhao Yueqi , Wu Zhifang , Yan Lumiao , Zhang Zhisen , Zhou Yanchun , Pan Haihua , Liu Zhaoming , Tang Ruikang
Published: August 2019

Study shows the repair of enamel via a biomimetic growth frontier that is constructed from calcium phosphate ion clusters.
Macrolide-Resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae in the United States as Determined from a National Surveillance Program
Authors: Waites K. B. , Ratliff A. , Crabb D. M. , Xiao L. , Qin X. , Selvarangan R. , Tang Y.-W. , Zheng X. , Dien Bard J. , Hong T. , Prichard M. , Brooks E. , Dallas S. , Duffy L. , Mixon E. , Fowler K. B. , Atkinson T. P.
Published: August 2019

There are sparse data to indicate the extent that macrolide-resistant
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
(MRMp) occurs in the United States or its clinical significance. Between 2015 and 2018, hospitals in 8 states collected and stored respiratory specimens that tested positive for
M. pneumoniae
and sent them to the University of Alabama at Birmingham, where real-time PCR was performed for detection of 23S rRNA mutations known to confer macrolide resistance. MRMp was detected in 27 of 360 specimens (7.5%).
Structural Dynamics of Nonenveloped Virus Disassembly Intermediates
Authors: Azad Kimi , Banerjee Manidipa
Published: August 2019

Disassembly or uncoating of an icosahedral capsid is a crucial step during infection by nonenveloped viruses. However, the dynamic and transient nature of the disassembly process makes it challenging to isolate intermediates in a temporal, stepwise manner for structural characterization. Using controlled, incremental heating, we isolated two disassembly intermediates: “eluted particles” and “puffed particles” of an insect nodavirus, Flock House virus (FHV). Cryo-electron microscopy and three-dimensional reconstruction of the FHV disassembly intermediates indicated that disassembly-related conformational alterations are minimally global and largely local, leading to asymmetry in the particle and eventual genome release without complete disintegration of the icosahedron.
Recurrent colonic intussusception due to a lipoma of the transverse colon at the background of congenital dolichocolon and chronic constipation
Authors: Siamionava Yuliya , Varabei Aliaksandr , Makhmudov Anvar
Published: August 2019

Colonic intussusception caused by benign tumour in adults is uncommon condition. Lipoma as benign tumour arises from submucosal layer of gastrointestinal tract and derives from mature adypocytes. It is usually small asymptomatic lesion and reveals during colonoscopy, CT, surgery or autopsy accidentally. However, in cases with large size it may cause abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhoea, anaemia, bleeding or intussusceptions. We present a 52-year-old female patient with colonic intussusception caused by lipoma of the transverse colon and with congenital dolichocolon. The patient had several episodes of bowel obstructions which were treated conservatively. We performed elective open extended right hemicolectomy, ileotransversostomy end-to-end.
FOXN3 hyperglycemic risk allele and insulin sensitivity in humans
Authors: Erickson Melissa L , Karanth Santhosh , Ravussin Eric , Schlegel Amnon
Published: August 2019

Objective

The rs8004664 variation within the FOXN3 gene is significantly and independently associated with fasting blood glucose in humans. We have previously shown that the hyperglycemia risk allele (A) increases FOXN3 expression in primary human hepatocytes; over-expression of human FOXN3 in zebrafish liver increases fasting blood glucose; and heterozygous deletion of the zebrafish orthologfoxn3decreases fasting blood glucose. Paralleling these model organism findings, we found that rs8004664 A|A homozygotes had blunted glucagon suppression during an oral glucose tolerance test. Here, we test associations between insulin sensitivity and the rs8004664 variation.

Research design and methods

92 participants (49±13 years, body mass index: 32±6 kg/m2, 28 with and 64 without type 2 diabetes mellitus) were genotyped at rs8004664. Insulin sensitivity was measured by the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp technique.

Results

The “A” allele frequency was 59%; the protective (G) allele frequency was 41% (A|A: n=29; G|G: n=12; A|G: n=50). Clamp-measured glucose disposal rate (GDR) was not different by genotype (F=0.046, p=0.96) or by “A” allele carrier (p=0.36). Female G|G homozygotes had better insulin sensitivity compared to female “A” allele carriers (GDR; G|G: 9.9±3.0 vs A|A+A|G: 7.1±3.0 mg/kg fat-free mass+17.7/min; p=0.04). Insulin sensitivity was not different by genotype or by “A” allele carriers.

Conclusion

The rs8004664 variation within the FOXN3 gene may modulate insulin sensitivity in women.
Diabetes causal attributions among affected and unaffected individuals
Authors: Rose Margaret K , Costabile Kristi A , Boland Sarah E , Cohen Rachel W , Persky Susan
Published: August 2019

Objective

The present study aims to describe and compare causal attributions for type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) among affected and unaffected individuals and to investigate the relationships among attributions, attitudes, and beliefs.

Research design and methods

Adults with no diabetes (N=458), T1D (N=192), or T2D (N=207) completed an online survey. Measures assessed diabetes conceptual knowledge, causal attributions for T1D and T2D, perceived control over diabetes onset, and favorability judgements of individuals affected by each type.

Results

Results indicate general agreement on causal attributions for T1D and T2D among all respondent groups, with some divergences by disease status. All respondents attributed both T1D and T2D to genetics, and genetic attributions were positively associated with favorability judgements of individuals with T2D, but not those with T1D.

Conclusions

This report sets the stage for investigations into how and why attributions for T1D and T2D differ and the implications of these differences including stigmatization of individuals with diabetes and diabetes-related self-concept. Additionally, this work can inform efforts towards clinical and public health education to prevent and optimize treatment of T1D and T2D.
Attitudes of editors of core clinical journals about whether systematic reviews are original research: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Krnic Martinic Marina , Meerpohl Joerg J , von Elm Erik , Herrle Florian , Marusic Ana , Puljak Livia
Published: August 2019

Objectives

In 2009, not all journal editors considered systematic reviews (SRs) to be original research studies, and not all PubMed Core Clinical Journals published SRs. The aim of this study was to conduct a new analysis about editors’ opinion regarding SRs as original research.

Design

We conducted a survey and qualitative interview study of journal editors.

Participants

All editors listed as editor-in chief of 118 PubMed Core Clinical Journals.

Methods

We contacted editors via email and asked them whether they considered SRs original research, whether they published SRs in the journal and, if yes, in which section. We searched PubMed for any SRs (or meta-analyses) published in the included journals in 2017; if we did not find any, we hand-searched these journals. Editors were invited to participate in a follow-up qualitative interview study.

Results

We received responses from 73 editors representing 72 (62%) journals. Fifty-two (80%) editors considered SRs original research, either for any type of SR (65%) or only for SRs with a meta-analysis (15%) and almost all (91%) of editors published SRs. Compared with the results of the 2009 study of Core Clinical Journals, a similar proportion of editors considered SRs to be original studies (71%), accepted SRs as original on certain condition such as presence of meta-analysis (14%) or published SRs (94%). Interviews with editors showed that they used various criteria to decide whether a SR is original research, including methodology, reproducibility, originality of idea and level of novelty.

Conclusion

The majority of editors of core clinical journals consider that SRs are original research. Among editors, there was no uniform approach to defining what makes a SR, or any study, original. This indicates that the concepts of originality of SRs and research are evolving and that this would be a relevant topic for further discussion.
Translating new knowledge on drug-induced liver injury into clinical practice
Authors: Hernandez Nelia , Pontet Yessica , Bessone Fernando
Published: August 2019

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is one of the main reasons for drug withdrawal from the market, and a cause of worldwide morbidity. Although several issues on DILI are still unsolved, there have been significant advances in new definitions and diagnosis tools. DILI is the result of a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors, and constitutes an expanding area of investigation. DILI can mimic virtually all known hepatopathies, including vascular disorders and liver tumours. As part of this broad spectrum of clinical presentations, DILI severity ranges from asymptomatic elevations of aminotransferases to acute liver failure. Although biomarkers are emerging as valuable diagnostic tools, they are not available in clinical practice. Accurate DILI diagnosis is a challenging issue, particularly the establishing of causal relationships with the culprit agent and the exclusion of competing causes of liver injury. Given that the understanding of the mechanisms inducing DILI is growing, and both DILI causality assessment scales and the performance of international DILI networks have been improved, hepatotoxicity may be recognised earlier in clinical practice. In this review, advances and results obtained by DILI registries around the world, case characterisations, particularly those relevant to newer definitions in DILI, and the behaviour of chronic liver disease induced by drugs will be updated. In addition, recently published data on herbal and dietary supplements and new predictive scores for acute liver failure assessment will also be discussed.
Alcohol septal ablation in patients with severe septal hypertrophy
Authors: Veselka Josef , Jensen Morten , Liebregts Max , Cooper Robert M , Januska Jaroslav , Kashtanov Maksim , Dabrowski Maciej , Hansen Peter Riis , Seggewiss Hubert , Hansvenclova Eva , Bundgaard Henning , ten Berg Jurrien , Hilton Stables Rodney , Faber Lothar
Published: August 2019

Objective

The current guidelines suggest alcohol septal ablation (ASA) is less effective in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) patients with severe left ventricular hypertrophy, despite acknowledging that systematic data are lacking. Therefore, we analysed patients in the Euro-ASA registry to test this statement.

Methods

We compared the short-term and long-term outcomes of patients with basal interventricular septum (IVS) thickness <30 mm Hg to those with ≥30 mm Hg treated using ASA in nine European centres.

Results

A total of 1519 patients (57±14 years, 49% women) with symptomatic HOCM were treated, including 67 (4.4%) patients with IVS thickness ≥30 mm. The occurrence of short-term major adverse events were similar in both groups. The mean follow-up was 5.4±4.3 years and 5.1±4.1 years, and the all-cause mortality rate was 2.57 and 2.94 deaths per 100 person-years of follow-up in the IVS <30 mm group and the IVS ≥30 mm group (p=0.047), respectively. There were no differences in dyspnoea (New York Heart Association class III/IV 12% vs 16%), residual left ventricular outflow tract gradient (16±20 vs 16±16 mm Hg) and repeated septal reduction procedures (12% vs 18%) in the IVS <30 mm group and IVS ≥30 mm group, respectively (p=NS for all).

Conclusions

The short-term results and the long-term relief of dyspnoea, residual left ventricular outflow obstruction and occurrence of repeated septal reduction procedures in patients with basal IVS ≥30 mm is similar to those with IVS <30mm. However, long-term all-cause and cardiac mortality rates are worse in the ≥30 mm group.
Novel peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia in a dog
Authors: Khan Sam , Sajik David , Calvo Ignacio , Phillips Andrew
Published: August 2019

A 23‐month‐old German shepherd dog (GSD) with chronic intermittent gastrointestinal signs presented following acute deterioration compatible with gastrointestinal obstruction and suspected peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia (PPDH). Physical examination revealed depression, abdominal pain, decreased pulse quality, reduced heart sounds and tachypnoea with a shallow breathing pattern. Radiography confirmed PPDH and a granular, 1.3 cm mineral opacity cranial to the cardiac silhouette within the cranioventral thorax. Coeliotomy and median sternotomy revealed strangulated jejunum within the cranial mediastinum, cranial to the pericardium. This was resected and herniorrhaphy was performed. Postoperatively the dog became normal. Midline fusion defects, including the pericardium, can be associated with PPDH and in such cases sternotomy may be required. This is the first report of surgical management of strangulated intestine secondary to an initially conservatively managed PPDH. Mineral opacity on radiography associated with PPDH may represent chronic partial obstruction. This possibly represents a second GSD with Cantrell’s pentalogy.
Use of oral fluralaner (Bravecto) to successfully manage adult‐onset generalised demodicosis in a silver fox (Vulpes vulpes)
Authors: Burke Amanda , Kottwitz Jack , Wang Chengming , White Amelia
Published: August 2019

A six‐year‐old spayed female silver fox (Vulpes vulpes) presented with bilateral ocular discharge, lethargy, facial alopecia and dermatitis of six months’ duration. The fox was immobilised with ketamine (4 mg/kg), dexmedetomidine (0.01 mg/kg) and butorphanol (0.05 mg/kg) intramuscularly for skin cytology, skin scrapings, dermatophyte culture, bloodwork, faecal floatation and skin biopsies. Diagnostics revealed numerous Demodex species mites. Histopathology showed folliculitis, perifolliculitis and furunculosis with mites, identified as Demodex canis using RT‐PCR. The fox received meloxicam (0.2 mg/kg by mouth, three days), cefovecin (8.6 mg/kg subcutaneously, single injection), praziquantel (56.8 mg, subcutaneously, single injection), and fluralaner (250 mg, by mouth, once every 12 weeks, Bravecto). Complete resolution was noted one month after initiating treatment. Thirteen months later the fox remains mite‐free and is receiving fluralaner by mouth every 12 weeks. This case report describes successful management of adult‐onset generalised Demodex species dermatitis in a silver fox using oral fluralaner.
Ulcerative lesion of the external ear canal causing headshaking in a horse
Authors: Wimmer‐Scherr Christina Maria , Evrard Laurence , Amory Hélène , Cesarini Carla
Published: August 2019

This case report describes the approach to an unusual case of headshaking of 1‐year duration paired with unilateral ear hypersensitivity in a 11‐year‐old Belgian Warmblood mare. After the exclusion of other potential causes, an aural endoscopy was performed under general anaesthesia revealing an ulcerative lesion in the external right ear canal. Biopsies of this area revealed signs of skin inflammation characterised by acanthosis, hyperkeratosis and epidermal oedema leading to a diagnosis of otitis externa. Interestingly, extensive fungal flora characterised by budding yeasts was present in the stratum corneum of each biopsy. Considering the literature debating the difference between physiological fungal colonisation versus pathogenic growth, the horse received topical antifungal and steroid treatment combined with an ear cleanser solution for 12 days with subsequent resolution of most presenting complaints. A mini‐review of current knowledge and terminology in human and small animal veterinary medicine concerning external otitis and otomycosis has been included.
Automated scaffolding safety analysis: strain feature investigation using support vector machines
Authors: Sakhakarmi Sayan , Arteaga Cristian , Park JeeWoong , Cho Chunhee
Published: August 2019

This study developed a methodology that can use real-time strain data for the assessment of scaffolding safety conditions. The researchers identified 23 safety cases of individual member failure with generic global failure for a four-bay, three-story scaffold model and used scaffold member strain values to identify potential failure cases. A computer simulation on the scaffold model generated the strain datasets required for classification with a support vector machine (SVM). The SVM classification demonstrated a stable prediction accuracy after training with a certain number of strain datasets. Furthermore, the 2nd order polynomial kernel function resulted in better prediction compared to other SVM kernel functions. These results imply that the real-time assessment of scaffolding structures is possible with a limited number of training data for machine-learning classification.
Restrictions on torsion–spinor field theory
Authors: Fabbri Luca , Tecchiolli Manuel
Published: August 2019

Torsion propagation and torsion–spin coupling are studied in the perspective of the Velo–Zwanziger method of analysis; specifically, we write the most extensive dynamics of the torsion tensor and the most exhaustive coupling that is permitted between torsion and spinors, and check the compatibility with constraints and hyperbolicity and causality of field equations: we find that some components of torsion and many terms of the torsion–spin interaction will be restricted away and as a consequence, we will present the most general theory that is compatible with all restrictions.
Quasibound states of the Dirac field in Schwarzschild and Reissner–Nordström black hole backgrounds
Authors: Sporea Ciprian A.
Published: August 2019

In this paper, we study the existence of (quasi)bound states in two spacetime geometries describing Schwarzschild and Reissner–Nordström black holes. For obtaining these types of states, we search for discrete quantum modes of the massive Dirac equation in the two geometries. After imposing the quantization condition, an analytical expression for the energy of the ground states is derived. The energy of higher states is then obtained numerically. For very small values of the black hole mass M, we compare the energy of the Reissner–Nordström black hole quasibound state with the Dirac–Coulomb energy and we have found the two to be in good agreement.
The decays τ → (K,K(1460))ντ and the value of the weak decay constants FK and FK′ in the extended NJL model
Authors: Volkov M. K. , Nurlan K. , Pivovarov A. A.
Published: August 2019

In the extended Nambu–Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model, the decay widths of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] are calculated. The contributions from intermediate axial-vector mesons [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and the first radially excited state [Formula: see text] are taken into account. Estimates for the weak decay constants [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are given. Predictions are made for the width of [Formula: see text] decay and [Formula: see text] constant.
Equations for beam waist measurement of high peak power lasers
Authors: Srinivasa Rao A.
Published: August 2019

We have derived a set of equations for beam waist at lens focus as a function of variable spot size and demonstrated their physical validity. The derived equations are useful for the estimation of the beam waist size of high peak power lasers focused with high numerical aperture lenses and for spot size measurement of long-range collimated Gaussian beams for several meters. We have described an indirect method to estimate the high peak power focused laser beam waist. The same treatment is extended to the Gaussian vortex beam for estimating its parameters at the beam waist. These results can be useful in the focused Gaussian beam and Gaussian vortex beam applications.
REDUCING STRESS SHIELDING AND WEIGHT AS WELL AS HELPING TO REVASCULARIZATION OF THE FEMUR BY APPLYING HONEYCOMB HOLES IN HIP PROSTHESIS
Authors: EBRAHIMZADEH A. , JAMSHIDI N.
Published: August 2019

Total hip Arthroplasty is one of the most common surgeries in elderly people around the world. In spite of many successful cases, a few failures are still reported, a significant number of which relates to the effects of stress shielding. Many scientists have been working on solving this problem by enhancing the material and/or the geometry of the hip prostheses’ stems. For example, hollow-stemmed hip prostheses have been designed and tested. In this study, 30 hollow-stemmed samples were designed which were different in terms of geometry and dimension of their holes as well as the materials defined for them. Then, they were tested through finite element modeling along with validating and verifying the results using experimental and convergence tests. The results including displacements, maximum stress values and consequent safety factors were compared based on the reactions of the samples against various static loads including the loads predefined by ISO 7206-4 as well as the loads which had been previously obtained. [Formula: see text]2 designs show the least stiffness compared to other designs. Designs with 132.66[Formula: see text]mm2hole area are the most promising layouts for reducing weight and providing the most amount of medullary space for revascularization of the femur. In spite of designs which predictably help revascularization more than [Formula: see text]2 designs, these designs which are of the multi-hole patterns seemed to represent the best outcomes in terms of preventing stress shielding and consequently the best pattern for creating holes in the stem according to the precedence of stress shielding over other problems. The results prove the possibility of representing a promising structure which helps to reduce the weight, stress shielding and the lack of revascularization of the femur.
Knowledge Sharing Concept, Attitude and Influencing Factors: A Case with Indian Academic Librarians
Authors: Khan Daud , Ali Naushad
Published: August 2019

The objective of the study is to examine the librarians’ attitude towards knowledge sharing including its concept, potential benefits, communication channels, and influencing factors that may motivate or hinder knowledge sharing practices in academic libraries in India. A questionnaire was used for data collection, 91 LIS professionals from Indian academic libraries were surveyed. In addition, 10 in-depth interviews were conducted. The findings of the study show that understanding of knowledge sharing concepts among librarians is varied though most of them perceived knowledge sharing as “dissemination or exchange of knowledge (explicit and tacit) from one individual to another individual or group of people”. Moreover, librarians have a positive attitude towards knowledge sharing and believe that knowledge sharing improves the learning process and individual competencies as well as enhance the efficiency of library operations and services. Furthermore, email was found as the most preferred communication channel because of its accessibility, convenience, and personal warmness. Conspicuously, public recognition, rewards, knowledge self-efficacy and develop relations with colleagues were identified as key motivators and on the contrary, lack of trust, personal animosity, technological support and nepotism were found to be the major barriers for knowledge sharing practices. The findings of this study may be useful to the university authorities in India in designing and implementing an all-inclusive knowledge sharing strategy for LIS professionals.
What Drives University Technological Innovation Outcomes? A Re-Vitalised Investigation
Authors: Yeo Benjamin
Published: August 2019

Universities are a source of technological innovation, which in turn facilitates economic growth. The Bayh–Dole Act of 1980 was enacted to support university research efforts. However, since its enactment, university technological innovation had been increasing slowly. This study applies the Technology, Organisation, and Environment framework to explore the current and future impact of university characteristics and regional industry R&D activities on university technological innovation and commercialisation. The study addresses three research gaps in the literature: (1) It investigates university and regional characteristics at the same time, (2) it includes both current and future impact on university innovation outcomes, and (3) it provides a timely update to fairly dated literature on the topic, using extensive quantitative analyses that differ from previous studies. The findings verify existing, albeit fairly dated, literature by demonstrating the positive impact of university characteristics and regional R&D activities; and extend the literature by showing their future impact to various degrees. The intricacies of the coefficients of impact enrich our understanding of how these drivers can be leveraged to boost university innovation outcomes. The results have implications on theory, policy and practice.
2,6-/1,5-Naphthoquinodimethane bridged porphyrin dimer diradicaloids
Authors: Zhang Hejian , Kim Jinseok , Phan Hoa , Herng Tun Seng , Gopalakrishna Tullimilli Y. , Zeng Wangdong , Ding Jun , Kim Dongho , Wu Jishan
Published: August 2019

2,6-Naphthoquinodimethane (2,6-NQDM)- and 1,5-naphthoquinodimethane (1,5-NQDM)-bridged porphyrin dimers, 2,6-P2 and 1,5-P2, were synthesized as relatively stable compounds. Both exhibit open-shell singlet ground state according to variable-temperature (VT) NMR and magnetic measurements, as well as restricted active space spin-flip (RAS-SF) calculations. The 1,5-P2 isomer has a larger diradical character ([Formula: see text], based on the RAS-SF calculations) and smaller singlet-triplet energy gap ([Formula: see text] kcal/mol, based on SQUID measurements) compared to the 2,6-P2 isomer ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] kcal/mol). In addition, 2,6-P2 shows intense one-photon absorption (OPA) ([Formula: see text] nm, [Formula: see text] M[Formula: see text] cm[Formula: see text] and a large two-photon absorption (TPA) cross-section ([Formula: see text] GM at 1400 nm) in the near-infrared region, while 1,5-P2 with larger diradical character displays red-shifted but weaker OPA ([Formula: see text] nm, [Formula: see text] M[Formula: see text] cm[Formula: see text] and a smaller TPA cross-section ([Formula: see text] GM at 1600 nm). Both compounds show four reversible redox waves and 1,5-P2 has a smaller electrochemical energy gap (1.06 eV vs.1.16 eV for 2,6-P2). Therefore, the bridge structure has a significant impact on the diradical character, electronic properties, and magnetic behaviors of the obtained porphyrin-based diradicaloids.
Synthesis and characterization of porphyrin–pyrene hybrids
Authors: Liang Min , Li Yuanyuan , Zhou Mingbo , Rao Yutao , Yin Bangshao , Xu Ling , Gu Tingting , Liang Xu , Zhu Weihua , Yu Donghai , Liu Shubin , Song Jianxin
Published: August 2019

Palladium-catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura coupling of 5-functionalized Ni(II) porphyrins with 1,3,6,8-tetrafunctionalizedpyrenes was carried out to obtain two kinds of porphyrin–pyrene hybrids. These compounds were comprehensively characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), high-resolution mass spectrometry and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption spectrometry, and their electrochemical properties were studied by both cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Fluorescence spectra for zinc compounds and free-base compounds were performed. In addition, the structure of 4Zn, a porphyrin tetramer, was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis, in which two planes formed by the porphyrin unit and the pyrene moiety adopt nearly perpendicular geometry with two sets of dihedral angles displaying 85.14 (4)[Formula: see text] and 83.90 (4)[Formula: see text], respectively. In the UV-vis absorption spectra, the maximum wavelengths of Soret bands and Q bands for these hybrids were observed at 434 and 648 nm. As the number of porphyrin units increases, the corresponding molar extinction coefficient rises markedly, in which the maximal value is 7.4 × 105 M[Formula: see text] • cm[Formula: see text] belonging to 4Zn. Moreover, the presence of energy transformation from the pyrene moiety to the porphyrin unit has been proved by emission spectra. Finally, the electrochemical properties of these porphyrin–pyrene hybrids were analyzed by using cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry, which show that the nickel hybrids possessed the maximal electrochemical highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) gap and the zinc compounds displayed the minimum electrochemical HOMO–LUMO gap.
meso-(2-Benzimidazolyl)-substituted BODIPYs: Synthesis, structures and spectroscopic properties
Authors: Gao Hu , Li Chenhong , Shen Zhen
Published: August 2019

A series of meso-(2-benzimidazolyl)-substituted boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) derivatives 3a–3c and 4 have been synthesized and characterized. The absorption and fluorescence bands of 3a are bathochromically shifted by 36 nm and 61 nm, respectively, compared with those of the meso-phenyl BODIPY in toluene. More importantly, the fluorescence quantum yields of these meso-(2-benzimidazolyl)-substituted BODIPYs (up to 0.45 in toluene) are much higher than those of the previously reported meso-heterocyclic BODIPYs. X-ray crystallographic analysis of the single crystal structure of 3a revealed that the dihedral angle of meso-benzimidazolyl ring and indacene plane (40.47[Formula: see text] ) is smaller compared with that of the meso-tolyl substituted BODIPY (61.4[Formula: see text] ). Replacement of the six-membered ring with a five-membered ring, as well as the absence of hydrogen at the imino-nitrogen, generated the reduced repulsion and the hydrogen bonding interaction. The increased planarity not only provided the substantial delocalization of [Formula: see text] electrons and red shifted the absorption and emission bands but also enhanced the fluorescence quantum yield by reducing free rotation induced nonradiative deactivation pathway. Furthermore, 3,5-distyryl coupled BODIPY 4 exhibits a NIR fluorescence band at 712 nm with moderate quantum yield ([Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] 0.3) in nonpolar and polar solvents, which indicate that meso-(2-benzimidazolyl) BODIPY acts as a good candidate for post modification toward NIR dyes for biological applications.
BODIPYS and aza-BODIPY derivatives as promising fluorophores forin vivomolecular imaging and theranostic applications
Authors: Bodio Ewen , Denat Franck , Goze Christine
Published: August 2019

Since their discovery in 1968, the BODIPYs dyes (4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a, 4a diaza-s-indacene) have found an exponentially increasing number of applications in a large variety of scientific fields. In particular, studies reporting bioapplications of BODIPYs have increased dramatically. However, most of the time, only in vitro investigations have been reported. The in vivo potential of BODIPYs and aza-BODIPYs is more recent, but considering the number of in vivo studies with BODIPY and aza-BODIPY which have been reported in the last five years, we can now affirm that this family of fluorophores can be considered important as cyanine dyes for future in vivo and even clinical applications. This review aims to present representative examples of recent in vivo applications of BODIPYs or aza-BODIPYs, and to highlight the potential of these dyes for optical molecular imaging.
Present and Future Accelerator-Based X-ray Sources: A Perspective
Authors: Hastings J. B. , Rivkin L. , Aeppli G.
Published: August 2019

Accelerator-based X-ray sources have contributed uniquely to the physical, engineering and life sciences. There has been a constant development of the sources themselves as well as of the necessary X-ray optics and detectors. These advances have combined to push X-ray science to the forefront in structural studies, achieving atomic resolution for complex protein molecules, to meV scale dynamics addressing problems ranging from geoscience to high-temperature superconductors, and to spatial resolutions approaching 10[Formula: see text]nm for elemental mapping as well as three-dimensional structures. Here we discuss accelerator-based photon science in the frame of imaging and highlight the importance of optics, detectors and computation/data science as well as the source technology. We look to a bright future for X-ray systems, integrating all components from accelerator sources to digital image production algorithms, and highlight aspects that make them unique scientific tools.
Science of High Energy, Single-Cycled Lasers
Authors: Wheeler Jonathan A. , Mourou Gérard , Tajima Toshiki
Published: August 2019

With the advent of the Thin Film Compression, high energy single-cycled laser pulses have become an eminent path to the future of new high-field science. An existing CPA high power laser pulse such as a commercially available PW laser may be readily converted into a single-cycled laser pulse in the 10PW regime without losing much energy through the compression. We examine some of the scientific applications of this, such as laser ion accelerator called single-cycle laser acceleration (SCLA) and bow wake electron acceleration. Further, such a single-cycled laser pulse may be readily converted through relativistic compression into a single-cycled, X-ray laser pulse. We see that this is the quickest and very innovative way to ascend to the EW (exawatt) and zs (zeptosecond) science and technology. We suggest that such X-ray laser pulses have a broad and new horizon of applications. We have begun exploring the X-ray crystal (or nanostructured) wakefield accelerator and its broad and new applications into gamma rays. Here, we make a brief sketch of our survey of this vista of the new developments.
Essays on Burton Richter and His Impact on the Field of Accelerator Physics
Authors: Raubenheimer Tor , Burke David , Byer Robert , Dorfan Jonathan , Loew Greg , Paterson James E. , Pellegrini Claudio , Phinney Nan , Winick Herman
Published: August 2019

Burton Richter had an enormous impact on the field of accelerator science and technology. This paper recounts some of that impact through seven short essays from people who viewed his contributions to aspects of the field with topics ranging from colliding beam rings, linear colliders to Free Electron Lasers.
Angiogenic Factor and Cytokine Analysis among Patients Treated with Adjuvant VEGFR TKIs in Resected Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Xu Wenxin , Puligandla Maneka , Manola Judith , Bullock Andrea J. , Tamasauskas Daniel , McDermott David F. , Atkins Michael B. , Haas Naomi B. , Flaherty Keith , Uzzo Robert G. , Dutcher Janice P. , DiPaola Robert S. , Bhatt Rupal S.
Published: August 2019

Purpose:

The use of VEGFR TKIs for the adjuvant treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains controversial. We investigated the effects of adjuvant VEGFR TKIs on circulating cytokines in the ECOG-ACRIN 2805 (ASSURE) trial.

Experimental Design:

Patients with resected high-risk RCC were randomized to sunitinib, sorafenib, or placebo. Plasma from 413 patients was analyzed from post-nephrectomy baseline, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks after treatment initiation. Mixed effects and Cox proportional hazards models were used to test for changes in circulating cytokines and associations between disease-free survival (DFS) and cytokine levels.

Results:

VEGF and PlGF increased after 4 weeks on sunitinib or sorafenib (P < 0.0001 for both) and returned to baseline at 6 weeks on sunitinib (corresponding to the break in the sunitinib schedule) but not sorafenib (which was administered continuously). sFLT-1 decreased after 4 weeks on sunitinib and 6 weeks on sorafenib (P < 0.0001). sVEGFR-2 decreased after both 4 and 6 weeks of treatment on sunitinib or sorafenib (P < 0.0001). Patients receiving placebo had no significant changes in cytokine levels. CXCL10 was elevated at 4 and 6 weeks on sunitinib and sorafenib but not on placebo. Higher baseline CXCL10 was associated with worse DFS (HR 1.41 per log increase in CXCL10, Bonferroni-adjusted P = 0.003). This remained significant after adjustment for T-stage, Fuhrman grade, and ECOG performance status.

Conclusions:

Among patients treated with adjuvant VEGFR TKIs for RCC, drug–host interactions mediate changes in circulating cytokines. Elevated baseline CXCL10 was associated with worse DFS. Studies to understand functional consequences of these changes are under way.
Comprehensive Next-Generation Sequencing Unambiguously Distinguishes Separate Primary Lung Carcinomas From Intrapulmonary Metastases: Comparison with Standard Histopathologic Approach
Authors: Chang Jason C. , Alex Deepu , Bott Matthew , Tan Kay See , Seshan Venkatraman , Golden Andrew , Sauter Jennifer L. , Buonocore Darren J. , Vanderbilt Chad M. , Gupta Sounak , Desmeules Patrice , Bodd Francis M. , Riely Gregory J. , Rusch Valerie W. , Jones David R. , Arcila Maria E. , Travis William D. , Ladanyi Marc , Rekhtman Natasha
Published: August 2019

Purpose:

In patients with >1 non–small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), the distinction between separate primary lung carcinomas (SPLCs) and intrapulmonary metastases (IPMs) is a common diagnostic dilemma with critical staging implications. Here, we compared the performance of comprehensive next-generation sequencing (NGS) with standard histopathologic approaches for distinguishing NSCLC clonal relationships in clinical practice.

Experimental Design:

We queried 4,119 NSCLCs analyzed by 341–468 gene MSK-IMPACT NGS assay for patients with >1 surgically resected tumor profiled by NGS. Tumor relatedness predicted by prospective histopathologic assessment was contrasted with comparative genomic profiling by subsequent NGS.

Results:

Sixty patients with NGS performed on >1 NSCLCs were identified, yielding 76 tumor pairs. NGS classified tumor pairs into 51 definite SPLCs (median, 14; up to 72 unique somatic mutations per pair), and 25 IPMs (24 definite, one high probability; median, 5; up to 16 shared somatic mutations per pair). Prospective histologic prediction was discordant with NGS in 17 cases (22%), particularly in the prediction of IPMs (44% discordant). Retrospective review highlighted several histologic challenges, including morphologic progression in some IPMs. We subsampled MSK-IMPACT data to model the performance of less comprehensive assays, and identified several clinicopathologic differences between NGS-defined tumor pairs, including increased risk of subsequent recurrence for IPMs.

Conclusions:

Comprehensive NGS allows unambiguous delineation of clonal relationship among NSCLCs. In comparison, standard histopathologic approach is adequate in most cases, but has notable limitations in the recognition of IPMs. Our results support the adoption of broad panel NGS to supplement histology for robust discrimination of NSCLC clonal relationships in clinical practice.
Primary Pharmaceutical Assistance in a Regional Inter-Agency Committee on Health: Evaluation and Shared Action for Organization
Authors: Nambu Maurício Massayuki , Probst Livia Fernandes , Gondinho Brunna Verna Castro , Pereira Antonio Carlos , Bulgareli Jaqueline Vilela , Cortellazzi Karine Laura , Possobon Rosana de Fátima , Guerra Luciane Miranda
Published: August 2019

Introduction: Determining how primary pharmaceutical assistance is structured allows us to establish situational diagnoses and to visualize possible implications for an essential part of the Brazilian Unified Health System. Methods: We evaluated pharmaceutical services of all municipalities that compose the Regional Inter-Agency Committee on Health of Ourinhos-São Paulo (CIR-Ourinhos-SP) through structure, process, and outcome indicators, and, in a shared way, we proposed actions to qualify the practice. We conducted direct observations of drugs, records, documents, interviews with pharmacists, and visits to health care centers, totaling 12 municipalities, 41 health care centers, and 3 pharmaceutical supply services. Results: In the thematic workshop carried out with municipal representatives, we found that 68.33% of health care centers and 70% of pharmaceutical supply services met good storage practices. We verified an average of 0.85 pharmacists per unit and the presence of 88.91% of marker drugs. Workshop proposals were sent to managers and pharmacists responsible for pharmaceutical assistance of 12 municipalities. Conclusions: Most indicators were below the established standards, demonstrating the need for adjustments in the infrastructure and provision of training for professionals.
O escritor, o capital e a sociedade de aparências em "A Musa do Departamento"
Authors: Franchi Melissa Raquel Zanetti
Published: August 2019

Buscando explorar como o dinheiro e a necessidade de manter as aparências moldam as ações das personagens, este artigo investiga as relações entre literatura, jornalismo, burguesia e dinheiro no romance A musa do departamento, de Honoré de Balzac. A partir do estudo da figura romântica do gênio em oposição à do literato boêmio, é escopo do trabalho analisar a representação dos dois escritores presentes na narrativa: a poetisa e o jornalista, atentando para a suposta distinção social que essa ocupação lhes confere.
Referentialisation chronotopique et gestion des temps nouveaux dans L’A-fric de J. F. Ndongo
Authors: Eyenga Onana Pierre Suzanne
Published: August 2019

Par-delà l’examen de la toponymie dans le roman, n’est-il pas également pertinent de s’investir dans la quête du sens que revêtent les non-lieux et les hétérotopies qui s’offrent à lire dans le récit de Sire Tortue? Et le temps qui y est représenté d’une part, par le biais des anachronies narratives de types analeptique et proleptique, et à travers la symbolique des temps verbaux d’autre part, n’interpelle-t-il pas le lecteur sur l’urgence à penser un modèle de société neuf où l’éthique de l’être-ensemble s’impose dans les rapports intersubjectifs ? Il s’agit, en trois parties, de répondre à ce questionnement sur la base d’un référentiel de lecture éclectique qui se réclame de la sémio-narratologie. La présente étude prétend ainsi interroger le corrélat espace-temps qui sous-tend le projet de création d’un monde neuf dans la trame romanesque de J.F. Ndongo.
Prostitution coloniale et nationalisme: collaboration corporelle dans Ciel de Porphyre de Aicha Lemsine
Authors: Sihem Guettafi , Wassila Soltani
Published: August 2019

Les prostituées ont été utiles dans la période coloniale, car d’une part, la sexualité représentait pour le colonisateur l’une des formes les plus pernicieuses de la domination et un élément fondamental d’assujettissement : ces femmes indigènes devenaient un réel sujet de l’imaginaire érotique colonial. Et d’autre part, ces femmes représentaient pour les nationalistes une véritable source de renseignements au profit du FLN car elles étaient en contact régulier avec des policiers ou des militaires français. Ces femmes n’étaient pas des objets passifs mais de véritables actrices, pensantes et agissantes. De Dalila, la prostituée au service du colonisateur à Houria prostituée, ange gardien et libératrice des pulsions accumulées par les moudjahiddines. Ciel de Porphyre d’Aicha Lemsine s’ouvre et se termine par une lecture des actions de prostituées durant la guerre de libération algérienne. Notre réflexion tournera autour du rôle de la femme algérienne «indigène» qui a participé à la lutte armée en vendant son corps et en subissant des violences sexuelles pour servir la bonne cause. De démontrer comment Aicha Lemsine à travers son roman traite ces actions de prostituées patriotes? Comment définit-elle l’équation Nationalisme=prostitution? Comment traite t-elle cette collaboration corporelle et charnelle? Comment mesure t-elle l’ampleur de cette collaboration entre filles «indigènes/algérienne» et «européens/français colonisateurs»?
Aristotle’s Empiricist Theory of Doxastic Knowledge
Authors: Lorenz Hendrik , Morison Benjamin
Published: August 2019

Aristotle takes practical wisdom and arts or crafts to be forms of knowledge which, we argue, can usefully be thought of as ‘empiricist’. This empiricism has two key features: knowledge does not rest on grasping unobservable natures or essences; and knowledge does not rest on grasping logical relations that hold among propositions. Instead, knowledge rests on observation, memory, experience and everyday uses of reason. While Aristotle’s conception of theoretical knowledge does require grasping unobservable essences and logical relations that hold among suitable propositions, his conception of practical and productive knowledge avoids such requirements and is consistent with empiricism.
Still “Serving” Us? Mutualism in Canine Scent Detection of Human Illness
Authors: Eason Fenella
Published: August 2019

Noting the human inclination to extend ability by “harvesting” nonhuman animal powers, there are calls for greater equality in the multispecies rendering of services. In this study, medical alert assistance dogs who coexist with chronically ill human individuals illustrate the possibilities of mutualism in symbiotic relationships. The dogs are trained to alert and are used in the scent detection of symptoms of hypo- or hyperglycemia in their human partners so that preventative treatment can be effected and unconsciousness or coma avoided. The canine-human collaborative partnership is based on the dogs’ keen sense of smell and cooperation to attain a reward. The article illustrates a cross-species embodiment of moral interdependence that extends the biomedical armamentarium.
Only Be Like the Philistine Priests! A Comparison of the Philistines’ Offering in 1 Sam 6 and the Sacrificial Actions of Eli’s House in 1 Sam 2-4
Authors: Sykora Josef
Published: August 2019

The biblical portrayal of the Philistines is largely negative. Their military exploits, depicted extensively in the books of Judges and 1 Samuel—coupled with their religion, unaccustomed to the Israelite cult—have led several commentators to label them a prototypical “other.” To put it memorably, the Philistines are what Israel should not be. I attempt to nuance somewhat this overtly negative characterization of the Philistines by focusing on one incident in 1 Sam 6: the Philistines’ returning of the ark, accompanied with a peculiar offering of objects made of gold. I compare this ritual to the sacrificial actions of Eli’s sons in 1 Sam 2-4 to argue that, at least in 1 Sam 6, and with respect to what lies at the heart of Israel’s cult—the approach of the inscrutable and holy deity—the Israelites should be more like the Philistines.
Abram’s Journey as Nexus
Authors: Hendel Ronald
Published: August 2019

A plea for the complementarity of Literarkritik and literary criticism in biblical scholarship, with a partial genealogy of recent developments, followed by a detailed study of Abram’s journey in Gen 11:27-12:9 in the non-P and P texts. Particular attention is paid to stylistic repetitions and implicit links to other texts, yielding a nexus of foreshadowings and backshadowings in each of the component texts. Conclusions include the viability of this non-P text (formerly known as J) and the P text as continuous sources in the Pentateuch, each with a distinctive poetics.
David and Darics: Reconsidering an Anachronism in 1 Chronicles 29
Authors: Mitchell Christine
Published: August 2019

This note examines the use of the term “daric” in 1 Chr 29:7 for its ideological purposes, concluding that the anachronism was deployed purposely to signal resistance to imperial rule.