bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O PROJETO POLÍTICO-PEDAGÓGICO COMO PRINCÍPIO ORIENTADOR DAS PRÁTICAS ESCOLARES
Authors: Nascimento Francisco Jeovane do , Nascimento Rita de Cássia do , Lima Maria Socorro Lucena
Published: August 2020

O presente trabalho objetiva evidenciar a importância da construção e consolidação das ações contidas no Projeto Político Pedagógico (PPP) para o melhor desenvolvimento das atividades escolares, tendo como meta a formação de cidadãos críticos e reflexivos, contribuindo, desse modo, com as transformações sociais. O estudo está ancorado na abordagem qualitativa, por intermédio da pesquisa bibliográfica, embasado em autores que apresentam um posicionamento dialógico e apontam caminhos possíveis para a construção do PPP, sendo que este vai além de um simples documento, devendo constar as ações a serem colocadas em prática pelos agentes que compõem o meio escolar, objetivando a qualidade permanente da educação, uma vez que o foco principal do PPP deve ser o ensino e a aprendizagem. Enfatizamos a construção coletiva do projeto, no sentido de envolver toda a comunidade e fazê-la refletir sobre o quanto se torna necessário e imprescindível tornar-se parte desse processo, enquanto sujeito consciente e responsável por tomar para si um desafio que busca tornar a sociedade um espaço mais igualitário, promotor de uma educação inclusiva, democrática, cidadã e, acima de tudo, de qualidade.
Editorial
Authors: Barboza Stephanie Ingrid Souza
Published: August 2020

Editorial
Escalando a Escada
Authors: Lucas Gualberto do Nascimento
Published: August 2020

Desde os anos finais da década de 1970, a República Popular da China (RPC) destaca-se na conjuntura internacional com taxas formidáveis de crescimento, em muitos anos com até dois dígitos. Em uma estratégia de desenvolvimento coordenada pelo Estado chinês, o investimento estrangeiro associado a empresas nacionais produziu, em pouco mais de três décadas, o maior PIB mundial em paridade do poder de compra, em 2014. A partir das perspectivas teóricas de Arrighi sobre a dinâmica da ascensão chinesa; de Mazzucato sobre o papel do Estado no investimento tecnológico; e de Chang sobre a regulação e intervenção estatais na promoção do desenvolvimento, é defendida a tese de que o Estado chinês possui papel crucial como motor e promotor do desenvolvimento econômico, tecnológico e dirigente da RPC no advento da Quarta Revolução Industrial – a chamada Indústria 4.0. Em uma conjuntura favorável em termos de acumulação sistêmica, a RPC projeta-se como grande potência no sistema internacional, com capacidade econômica e tecnológica de disputa de hegemonia como resultado de sua bem-sucedida estratégia de inserção internacional e de desenvolvimento.
A Gestão Pública e o Desempenho
Authors: Leite Castelo Samuel
Published: August 2020

Estudo sobre o desempenho no setor público sob o enfoque da Gestão pública brasileira e cearense. om vistas a conformar o método investigativo, recorreu-se a uma pesquisa qualitativa, de caráter exploratório, por meio de uma abordagem metodológica mediante a análise documental e via estudo de caso. O escrito mostra o percurso da Gestão pública e o desempenho no Brasil, identificando os principais fatos que caracterizaram estes fenômenos e como se comportou a cultura por resultados e seus reflexos no desempenho do governo do Ceará. Os achados de estudos anteriores sobre gestão e medição do desempenho no setor público não foram suficientemente esclarecidos. A pesquisa ora relatada procura preencher esta lacuna, examinando a influência da gestão de resultados no desempenho do setor público. Os resultados evidenciados denotam que as novas práticas introduzidas pela gestão de resultado demonstraram sensíveis avanços na política econômica, fiscal e administrativa do Estado, porém os progressos ocorridos sob os aspectos ambiental e social não foram suficientes para atenuar as desigualdades sociais e territoriais.  A cultura da gestão por resultado, também, mostra este ensaio diferente em relação a demandas precedentes.
Paradiplomacia Ambiental
Authors: Gomes da Silva Wilker Jeymisson
Published: August 2020

Paradiplomacia ambiental, sob a coordenação dos professores Fernando Rei, Maria Luiza Machado Granziera e Alcindo Gonçalves, que atuam no Programa de Pós-Graduação da Universidade Católica de Santos, detém uma abordagem voltada ao Direito Internacional Ambiental e debate a ação dos governos locais, regionais e redes de atuação no enfrentamento dos problemas ambientais globais, debatendo o entrelaçamento entre a governança e a paradiplomacia por meio de diversos casos promissores, sobretudo a atuação da Regions4 (antiga nrg4SD), proporcionando ao leitor acadêmico subsídios para investigação sobre temáticas correlatas e ao profissional, por sua vez, pensar em práticas concebíveis a partir dos desafios e oportunidades que são relatados na obra.
Biosynthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles From Pantoea agglomerans and Some of Their Antibacterial Activities
Authors: Said Layla Abdul-Hamid
Published: August 2020

Recently, the biosynthesis of nanoparticles from bacteria have attracted attention, this study has been made for biosynthesize and characterizes silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from local clinical isolate Pantoea agglomerans. The ability of those particles to inhibit the virulence factors biofilm and hemolysin produced by some local clinical multidrug-resistant human pathogenes including Acinetobactor haemolyticus, Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens and Staphylococcus aureus were investigated by treating all of the test isolates with sub-MIC(16 mg/ml) AgNPs. The AgNPs produced were characterized using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Pantoea agglomerans were found to have the ability to synthesize AgNPs at room temperature within 24hrs and were spherical in shape as depicted by AFM. The AgNPs produced exhibited a potential antibiofilm and hemolysin inhibition activities against tested pathogens.
The Importance of 2-AminoThiazole Schiff Bases as Antimicrobial and Anticancer Agents
Authors: Abdulhadi Shayma L. , Abdulkadir Maadh Q. , Al-Mudhafar May M.
Published: August 2020

The pharmacophore 2-aminothiazole has an interesting role in pharmaceutical chemistry as this led to the synthesis of many types of compounds with diverse biological activity. Schiff base derivatives at the same time contribute to drug evolution importantly. In this review, the Schiff base derivatives of 2-aminothiazole formed and some of their metal complexes are being focused on, and the antimicrobial and anticancer activity of them is being illustrated.
Simulation Analyses and Investigation of the Induced Electric Field and Ar-Hg Mixture on the Gas Discharge Processes
Authors: Hadi Fatima Mohammad , Ali Rafid Abbas , Al-Rubaiee Ahamed A.
Published: August 2020

In this work, theoretical calculations and simulated data were presented to investigate the effect of the Ar: Hg mixture on electronic plasma coefficients, in addition to study the influence of the electric field and focus on electronic coefficients. The low electric field was chosen in the range (1-1000) Td, and concentrations in a limited range (0.01-0.09) mol. The results showed a clear effect of the electric field on electronic transactions, especially at low levels. These parameters values are higher for high concentrations due to the effect of the electric field on the excitation and ionization energy. In compare to elastic and inelastic collision, and cross-section collision of gas discharges. The results showed good agreement between the original data (using BOLSIG +) and the estimated data in the current work.
Modeling Web Security Analysis Attacks with CySeMoL Tool
Authors: Abdulhameed Abbas A. , Al-Azawi Razi J. , Al-Mahdawi Basil M.
Published: August 2020

The utilize of the web has made humans and companies powerless to exterior assaults. Indeed, cyber problems essentially influence information frameworks with distinctive types of malicious attacks such as spyware, virus, social engineering, etc. The Internet e-mail service, in particular, has become one of the most dependable methods of communication among people, institutions, and companies. The development of digital signatures to e-mail services has raised the e-mail security, which led to replacing the standard mailing of registered letters. Unfortunately, the process of sending and receiving e-mails has created a negative impact means on security and privacy from cybercriminals by diffusing spam and malware. As a result, e-mail hosts are constantly under attack by malicious programs that are often attached to e-mails. In this paper, the simulation model and prototype of an email traffic monitor developed and tested in order to prove the ability of our proposed method for detecting new viruses. This paper states the success possibility of this new method based on the simulation results. The results of the analysis suggest that the Cyber Security Modeling Language (CySeMoL) model has a good performance of operating system vulnerability prediction. At last, some useful suggestions in the context of the CySeMoL model are presented.
Pharmacognostic and Phytochemical Investigations of Bahunia Variegata Leaves (Kovidra)
Authors: Adate Pallavi S More
Published: August 2020

Bauhinia variegata L belonging to the Caesalpinioideae family, commonly called as kovidra in sanskrit and kachnar in hindi. Kovidra is a medium sized deciduous tree mostly observed at altitude 1300 to 1800 in Himalayas. The plant is extensively utilized by the tribals all over in India and accepted in medicinal systems like Ayurveda, Unani and Homoeopathy. Secondary metabolites like carbohydrates, tannins, alkaloids, and flavonoids are present in Bauhinia variegata plant. The aim of the current research is to develop different pharmacognostic and phytochemical analysis for the evaluation of leaf of this plant. Microscopy, Phytochemical analysis of leaf drug was performed and results were maintained. In microscopical view of Bauhinia variegata leaf, the presence of thin walled epidermis, spongy paranchymatous cells, plenty of solitary calcium oxalate crystals, unicellular and multicellular covering trichomes were observed. Phytochemical tests indicated the occurrence of flavonoids, tannins, steroids and phenols etc. Further physicochemical analysis such as extractive value was determined which includes petroleum ether soluble extractive value, chloroform, methanol, and aqueous soluble extractive values. The results obtained from standardization of leaf drug recognized the macro and microscopical parameters, physicochemical parameters. Fluorescence analysis of leaf drug distinguishes the authenticity of plant drug; therefore these techniques are helpful for rapid recognition of crude drug. The outcome of the research study possibly will be helpful in setting investigative indices for the identification and grounding of a monograph of the plant drug.
The influence of in utero exposure to formaldehyde on newborn rat thymus structure
Authors: Vash Irina Yu.
Published: August 2020

Aim. To study the structure of the thymus of newborn rats born from female rats exposed to inhalation of formaldehyde during gestation.
Materials and Methods. The work was carried out on 72 white outbred rats of the first day of postnatal development. The first group consisted of newborn rats (n=37) the offspring of six rats that were exposed to formaldehyde (FA) in concentration of 2.766 mg/m3 during the entire period of pregnancy. FA exposure was given once a day for 60 minutes in a 1 m3 exposure chamber. The second group included control animals (n=35), which were kept in conditions similar to those of the experimental groups with the exclusion of the effect of FA. In the newborn rats, the body mass and the absolute and relative mass of the thymus were determined. The structure of thymus was studied in a light optical microscope. The number of cells in the cortex and medulla of the thymus was counted over an area of 2500 m2.
Results. The body mass and absolute mass of thymus of the newborn rats of the first group showed a statistically significant reduction against control values. The differences between the values of relative mass of thymus in the compared groups were insignificant. The number of cells in the cortex and medulla of the thymus under the influence of FA did not show any significant changes.
Conclusion. The effect of inhalation of FA on the organism of pregnant rats during the entire gestation period consists in a decrease in the body mass and in the absolute mass of the thymus of newborn rats. With this, the relative mass of the thymus did not undergo significant changes. The thymus structure in the light microscope did not show any significant changes either.
The Emergence of China as a “Great Maritime Power”
Authors: Larin V. L. , Pestsov S. K.
Published: August 2020

The article discusses strategic intentions and practical actions of modern Chinese leadership aimed to make China a “great maritime power”. The authors analyze theoretical investigations of Chinese scientists in the fields of maritime strategy and politics; examine basic principle of contemporary Chinese maritime policy, Beijing strategic documents and specific plans aimed at developing marine activities, as well as the problems that arise on this way and some practical results achieved. The authors conclude that despite an active “sea rhetoric” of Chinese top leaderships, the global ocean is not in the main focus of Chinese politics which is primarily oriented towards Eurasian continent. For the PRC leadership, “turning China into a great sea power” neither an ultimate goal, nor a path to achieve the world hegemony, but one of the means to solve some goals to support country’s economic and social development. Today main efforts of Chinese maritime policy are aimed at the ocean studies, legal and technical preparation for excavation of deepwater resources, marine environmental protection, upholding the sea rights and interests of China. As far as Beijing considers the “near seas” as “vital” for ensuring China economic and military‑political security, it acts in their space offensively, actively and uncompromisingly. However, although China’s maritime policy focuses mainly on achieving the economic goals, for the past decade the country’s maritime economy has developed at a slower pace than the country’s economy as a whole. The authors conclude that China has a lot to do in order to effectively use not only its own sea space, but also the vast resources of the global oceans to realize the ambitious goals and objectives of the country’s development.
The Concept of the Indo-Pacific Region in the Works of Indian Political Scientists
Authors: Kupriyanov A. V.
Published: August 2020

The article is devoted to the analysis of Indian approaches to maritime spaces and the evolution of perception of the regional space by the Indian expert and political community. The author points out sub‑imperial stage, when India was seen as the dominant force in the region and the center of the sub‑empire inside the British Empire; the period of the Cold War, when India focused on strengthening its position in the international arena by building ties with African and Middle Eastern countries, while paying attention to maintaining the status quo in South Asia; and the period after the end of the Cold War, when India rethought its strategic priorities and developed original approach to the division of the regional space. The author offers his own version of the division of the space of the Indo‑Pacific region, based on the approach of the Indian scientist K.R. Singh, who proposed at one time the spatial division of the Indian Ocean region; this option allows to take into account the difference in the attitude of Indian political elites to various subregions and highlight the reasons why this difference arose.
Hydrogen Phosphate (HPO42-) ions Substitution in Hydrated Layers of OCP by Dicarboxylate ions to Hexagonal HAP Nanocrystals System
Authors: Mishra Shiv Prakash
Published: August 2020

The octacalcium phosphate (OCP) crystals are apatite bases with hydrated layers in producing of needle or plate-shaped hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanocrystals, which prepared by a dissolution precipitation reaction. The reaction led to a hexagonal HAP nanocrystals formation under hydrothermal condition via OCP at 180? for 3h with pH of solution adjusted to 5.5 with incorporating dicarboxylate or succinate ions having Ca/P molar ratio is expected to be 1.56±0.02, where the morphology of OCP are retained. During incorporating of succinate ions in OCP crystals, the hydrogen phosphate (HPO42-) ions in the hydrated layers of OCP are being substituted by succinate ions. These organically modified OCP which generated to HAP with unique nanostructures have been characterized by using of SEM, FTIR and X-ray diffraction analysis. Since the crystal system of HAP is hexagonally and its crystalline size in the direction of various (a,b,c) axes depending on the thickness of the plate-shaped HAP crystals where their size as perpendicular to the (100) plane is calculated by using of Scherrer equation D100 = K?/(? cos?). The formed hexagonal HAP are used in soft and hard tissue engineering system for biomedical application.
PENGARUH PROFESIONALISME GURU DAN MOTIVASI SISWA TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA MATA PELAJARAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN KELAS X AK SMK SWASTA ERIA MEDAN TAHUN PELAJARAN 2015/2016
Authors: Nasution M. Fachry , Chairani Ummi
Published: August 2020

Tujuan Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui (1) Pengaruh Profesionalisme guru terhadap hasil belajar, (2) Pengaruh motivasi siswa terhadap hasil belajar dan (3) pengaruh profesionalisme guru dan motivasi siswa terhadap hasil belajar.Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMK Swasta Eria Medan yang berlokasikan di JL.SM. Raja No. 195 Medan.subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X Ak yang berjumlah 74 orang. Adapun teknik pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi dan angket.Data di analisis dengan teknik analisis data regresi linier berganda dengan bantuan SPSS 20.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan (1) Profesionalisme guru terhadap hasil belajar dengan skor thitung sebesar 3,096 dan taraf signifikan 0,003. (2) Motivasi siswa terhadap hasil belajar dengan skor thitung sebesar 2,921 dan taraf signifikan 0,005. (3) Profesionalisme guru dan Motivasi siswa terhadap Hasil belajar dengan skor fhitung 9,175 dan taraf signifikan 0,001 yang artinya berpengaruh yang signifikan. Dengan persentase R2 20,5% dan sisanya 79,5% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain.Berdasarkan uraian disimpulkan bahwa pengaruh profesionalisme guru dan motivasi siswa dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar kewirausahaan siswa kelas X Ak SMK Swasta Eria Medan Tahun 2015/2016. Keywords: Profesionalisme, Motivasi, Hasil Belajar.
Study of failures of reciprocating medium-speed diesel engines
Authors: Ruban Irina Nikolaevna , Bulgakov Vladimir Pavlovich
Published: August 2020

The article is focused upon the problems of reciprocating diesel engines. The main reason for the failure of cylinder-piston group (CPG) parts is insufficient strength, wear resistance, and resistance of the metal structure to vibration. There are studied the following periods of engine operation: running-in period; period of normal operation; period of intensive wear. In the burn-in period, the main cause of CPG failures is scuffing, when finger breaking or ring groove chipping take place. Sudden failures during normal operation occur due to the wear of the bushings to the limit size. In the third period of intensive wear the main cause of metal failures is the ultimate wear by cavitation erosion and breakage of the bushing collar. The block diagram of the CPG system with serial connection of elements is given. The rate of CPG failures is illustrated depending on the time of operation. It has been found that the failure rate during the running-in period due to scuffing is reduced because of stabilization of the structure, dimensions and mechanical properties of the piston at operating temperatures (300–350°C). The failure rate of the normal period of operation depends on the increase in the abrasive wear resistance of the metal of bushings, increased hardness, due to the replacement of gray cast iron with lamellar graphite by gray cast iron with vermicular graphite or by high-strength cast iron with spherical graphite inclusions. There are listed the positive and negative qualities of aluminum alloys in comparison with cast iron. Variants of damage to cylinder liners are considered in detail. The most dangerous defect in the bushing is the cracks in the upper liner collar, as a result of which about 40% of the cylinder bushings must be replaced. The formulas for calculating the actual wear rate of the CPG parts during the first (end of warranty periods), medium and major overhauls are given. The failure rate of the last period of operation (intensive wear) is reduced by reducing vibration in the CPG system, reducing the amplitude of forced vibrations and reducing the size of the thermal gap between the sleeve and the piston, increasing the rigidity of the sleeve. The rate of cavitation wear of modernized and conventional bushings is determined, the influence of the bushing stiffness on cracks under the shoulder and on cavitation wear up to the maximum permissible thickness is considered.
Fundamentals of theoretical and applied aspects of functioning of collective life saving equipment of sea going ship crews
Authors: Dorokhov Aleksandr , Pakhomova Nadezhda Vladimirovna
Published: August 2020

The article presents the substantiation of efficiency of sea transport in the world transport system. The main condition of ensuring water safety is equipment of ships with fail-safe and effective collective life-saving equipment (CLSE). Today the standard rescue operation when using CLSE is a series-parallel action of the ship’s crew, where the ship is sinking on an even keel, or with a slight roll to one side. It has been stated that such cases are extremely rare. As a rule, the situation develops rapidly. Accident statistics disposes to developing the modern approaches to the safety of human life at sea. There are two directions for safety ensuring. One of them is the development and implementation of artificial intelligence systems for CLSE, when CLSE independently, without human control, responds to the emergency with greater probability of the ship loss and the crew death. Another direction is when there is no need to save the crew (in case of unmanned ships). There are considered the Russian diesel engines for the lifeboats: specialized marine diesels 4CHSP9.5/11 - Caspiy 30M and 4CHSP9.5/11 - Caspiy 40. Both engines are equipped with a dual start-up system - manual and electric starter, they have a reverse gear transmission, a single-circuit flow-through sea water cooling system, decompression devices and standard mounted units, ac-cording to the requirements of the International Convention of Saving Life at Sea (SOLAS) and the International Code of Life-Saving Appliances (LSA Code). In modern environment, the scientific foundations and technical solutions are being developed to ensure the reliable start-up of swirl-chamber diesel engines by exposing the fuel to physical fields, without using glow plugs
Editorial
Authors: Greco Sara
Published: August 2020

We are excited to announce that, starting with this issue 17(1), our journal Studies in Communication Sciences (SComS) will be published Open Access on the HOPE platform of the Hauptbibliothek of the University of Zurich; you can access our new SComS at www.scoms.ch. HOPE refers to Hauptbibliothek Open Publishing Environment. Located in and managed by a Swiss academic institution, this platform provides full open access to SComS contents, with a strong commitment to a transparent and qualitatively excellent publication process, whilst guaranteeing no publishing fees for our authors. We are grateful to Elsevier for our collaboration, which lasted from 2012 to 2016; now the moment has come for us to be open to the future. Paper copies of our new SComS will still be available – for example, in the main libraries at Swiss universities; but all the contents will be also freely available for everybody to download from our website.
It’s still the media. How professionalism in corporate communication influences the prioritisation of organizational environments
Authors: Hoffmann Jochen , Röttger Ulrike , Babic Rada
Published: August 2020

This article challenges the widely accepted understanding that corporate communication has been professionalised through its development from traditional press relations into integrated multi-stakeholder management. Based on a cross-cultural survey in Austria, Germany, Switzerland, Australia and Indonesia, we analyse the links between expertise, autonomy and value-orientation indicating the professionalism of senior communication managers on the one hand, and the perceived relevance of organizational environments on the other. Overall, the results show that professionalism in a traditional sense does not promote a wider perspective when dealing with organizational environments. Instead, the more professional practitioners are, the more they focus on the media.
20 Minutes Suisse Romande : géographie économique d’un média helvétique et lémanique
Authors: Lamour Christian
Published: August 2020

The spatial representation by media is based on a series of material and ideational conditions structuring the journalistic profession and its public on a daily basis. Media are also actors taking part into the production of territories by mediatizing a “here” and “there” in which different types of news, institutional powers and cultural identities are portrayed. They are organized by a sum of geographical borders that they reproduce or cause to evolve. Over the past 20 years, media have accompanied the growth of western metropolises : The free daily newspapers circulated in large urban areas cutting across the mosaic of inherited institutional territories. However, does this necessarily mean that this press is able to overcome the territorial borders of the past ? The research based on the analysis of 20 Minutes Switzerland aimed at the French-speaking community shows that this medium is both included in bordered territories at the scale of cantons, regions and countries and also in an urban and transitional border space reorganizing these areas. Free dailies can be considered as a medium embedded in historically fragmented territories and the large urban regions of today. Les médias définissent une représentation de l’espace qui repose sur une somme de conditions matérielles et idéelles structurant au quotidien la sphère journalistique et son public. Par ailleurs, ils sont des acteurs de la production territoriale en médiatisant un « ici » et un « ailleurs » où s’organisent une actualité différente, des pouvoirs institutionnels dissemblables et des identités culturelles séparées. Les médias sont organisés par une somme de frontières géographiques qu’ils participent à reproduire ou à faire évoluer. Au cours des 20 dernières années, un média à accompagner l’essor des métropoles occidentales : les quotidiens d’information gratuits diffusés dans des régions urbaines chevauchant la mosaïque des territoires institutionnels hérités. Cela signifie-t-il pour autant que cette presse est en mesure de s’émanciper des frontières territoriales du passé˚? La recherche effectuée à partir du journal 20 Minutes Romandie montre que ce média s’inscrit, à la fois, dans des territoires clos de niveau confédéral, régional et cantonal, et dans une région urbaine frontalière transitionnelle rassemblant ces aires. La presse gratuite est un média situé dans la mosaïque territoriale du passé et dans les grandes régions urbaines d’aujourd’hui.
Science communication scholarship in Lithuania: A scoping study
Authors: Valinciute Auste
Published: August 2020

This study analyzes the extent, range and nature of science communication scholarship in Lithuania. The purpose of this study is to explore whether there is a presence of this research field in the Lithuanian academic context and if there exists a body of empirical evidence that can be used to inform practical science communication initiatives. More generally, this study asks: is there a science of science communication in Lithuania? Results indicate the presence of an emerging field of research with fragmented scientific activity. Most papers do not explicitly identify “science communication” as the object of study. Most of the relevant work is focused on audience research, indicating the potential for using the results for evidence-based science communication practice. The science of science communication in Lithuanian, however, has yet considerable room for growth and could benefit from more large-scale, nationally representative, data-driven and methodologically sound research.
Trauma journalism and disaster resilience. German journalists’ coping strategies when reporting about crime, violence, accidents, crises and natural disasters
Authors: Verhovnik Melanie
Published: August 2020

Accidents, violent crimes, war and natural disasters are traumatic experiences for individuals directly and indirectly involved, and often result in long-lasting consequences which are difficult to deal with. Journalists who report on these incidents are part of this group. Since the events on 9/11, this topic has shifted into the public’s focus, but there is still little known about the effects of crisis coverage for the journalists involved. The results of 30 semi-structured interviews show a dependence on coping strategies for the specific job situation, and a dependence on third variables, such as age and individual resources.
Editorial
Authors: Lobinger Katharina , Greco Sara
Published: August 2020

This issue marks the second year since Studies in Communication Sciences (SComS) is published Open Access on the HOPE platform of the University of Zurich (www. scoms.ch). The present issue of SComS perfectly reflects the unique character of the journal. Not only do we present you a thematic section with a very innovative topic, namely Fashion Communication. We also collect three papers in the general section that, despite their different topics, have something in common that is telling for the role of communication in Switzerland.
Public nuisance or an asset to democracy? Does the free press aim to provide a public service? An empirical study examining journalistic functions within the normative framework of the European Union
Authors: Lohmann Marie-Isabell , Riedl Andreas
Published: August 2020

Utilizing an empirical approach, this paper lays out how journalistic functions differ from the perception of journalists working for the free and paid press in Austria. Analyses indicate that free press journalists appear to be significantly more inclined to generate discourse with their audience, but are also more influenced by commercialization than their colleagues working for the paid press. Both the free and paid press seem to fulfill diverging democratic functions that can be valuable to the public. Finally, the normative notion of journalistic functions as legislated by the European Union (EU) seems only partially represented within the journalists’ self-perception.
Who trusts the news media? Exploring the factors shaping trust in the news media in German-speaking Switzerland
Authors: Arlt Dorothee
Published: August 2020

Although a decline of trust in the news media can be observed in many countries, in international comparison, Switzerland is still considered one of the countries with a relatively high level of media trust. Nevertheless, knowledge concerning the factors that promote and hinder media trust in Switzerland is still limited. Building on the research on media trust and media scepticism, this study investigates the effects of political orientation, political disenchantment, populist attitudes, and news exposure on media trust. The study uses survey data (N = 1 019, 50% females, 50% males) on the Internet-using population of the German-speaking part of Switzerland, collected in June 2017. Examining media trust by assessing the characteristics of media coverage, two dimensions of trust were revealed: (1) trust in journalistic quality and (2) trust in the independence and impartiality of media coverage about political issues. Overall, the results demonstrate that the level of trust concerning these two dimensions is rather low, whereas the level of trust in journalistic quality is slightly higher than trust in the independence and impartiality of media coverage on political issues. Regarding possible explanations, the findings show that political disenchantment and populist attitudes, anti-establishment attitudes, and demand for people’s sovereignty are negatively related to media trust, while belief in the homogeneity of the people is positively related. Moreover, the results reveal that exposure to news via public television in Switzerland is positively associated with trust in journalistic quality, while the use of special news websites is negatively associated with both dimensions of trust. The implications for future research on media trust are discussed.
Editorial: Fashion communication: Between tradition and digital transformation
Authors: Kalbaska Nadzeya , Sádaba Teresa , Cantoni Lorenzo
Published: August 2020

We are happy and thrilled to introduce this thematic section of Studies in Communication Sciences (SComS), devoted to Fashion Communication. It was about two years ago when we first discussed the idea in Madrid: then we got the approval by SComS Editors, published the call, and eventually secured the outstanding collection of papers you have in your hands (or on your screen). A long and enriching journey, full of interactions, conversations, views and reviews, a journey that makes the scholar’s work so fascinating (even if, sometimes, not that fashionable).
European luxury fashion brand advertising and marketing relating to nostalgia
Authors: Ok Pelin
Published: August 2020

This research seeks to examine how European luxury fashion brands use nostalgia in their advertising and marketing, and the benefits of using nostalgia by analyzing selected adverts from Vogue magazine. The research adopts Narrative Transportation Theory, aims to create a model which develops Van Laer, de Ruyter, Viscanti and Wentzels’ (2014) “Extended Transportation-Imagery Model”, and provides managerial implications. Qualitative content analysis of imagery was conducted to analyze 60 adverts of five luxury fashion brands between 2010–2016. This research offers a different product category to investigate for nostalgia literature: luxury fashion brands’ advertising, a different cultural context: European luxury fashion brands, and examines luxury fashion brand characteristics within the adverts’ narratives by semiotics discipline. Research identifies how nostalgia theme was used in these adverts, provides an understanding among the themes, and adverts’ analysis in terms of luxury brand characteristics, narrative, and semiotics.
Girls that wear Abercrombie & Fitch: Reading fashion branding aesthetics into music videos
Authors: Lascity Myles Ethan
Published: August 2020

Teen clothier Abercrombie & Fitch’s mix of shirtless associates, nightclub-like stores and risqué photography by Bruce Weber helped propel the brand into icon status. The brand’s name entered the popular lexicon as a synonym for cool and even received a memorable call out in LFO’s pop song, “Summer Girls.” This paper explores the interplay in aesthetics between A &F Quarterly, the brand’s popular magazine-catalog hybrid, and popular music videos of the time. Specifically, this paper analyzes videos that appeared on MTV’s Total Request Live between September 1999 and April 2001. In total, 42 music videos were found to contain elements of the “Abercrombie” lifestyle, including clothing that was sold by the brand, and props and settings similar to those found in the A & F Quarterly. In sum, this suggests that music videos from the time were instrumental in spreading the brand’s aesthetic, and that the interplay between media popular culture and the aesthetics of fashion brands could yield productive future research.
The impact of attitudes towards influencers amongst millennial fashion buyers
Authors: SanMiguel Patricia , Guercini Simone , Sádaba Teresa
Published: August 2020

The aim of this paper is to identify influencers and the way they affect the behavior of millennial buyers in the process of consuming fashion goods. The paper examines the literature on opinion leaders, ranging from the origins of the concept to its developments within the context of the Internet. The shift from influential to influencer and the different types of influencer are examined and certain hypotheses regarding the role of influencers (including all the influential players) regarding fashion-buying millennials are presented. The paper presents the results of qualitative and quantitative empirical research based on focus groups and in-depth interviews with 22 university students. Findings from this research and their implications regarding the different stages of the millennial buying process are discussed.
Die European Communication Conference (ECC) 2018 in Lugano
Authors: Fehlmann Fiona
Published: August 2020

Im vergangenen Jahr – vom 31. Oktober bis 4. November 2018 – hat in Lugano die 7. European Communication Conference (ECC) stattgefunden. Während vier Tagen präsentierten 983 internationale ReferentInnen laufende oder abgeschlossene Forschungsprojekte zum Themenkomplex: Centres and Peripheries: Communication, Research, Translation. Mit 1248 Teilnehmenden war diese Tagung in Lugano die bisher grösste ihrer Art.

La 7e European Communication Conference (ECC) de l’European Communication Research and Education Association (ecrea) s’est tenue du 31 octobre au 4 novembre 2018 à Lugano. Durant quatre jours, 983 intervenant·e·s ont présenté leurs recherches autour du thème : Centers and Peripheries: Communication, Research, Translation. Réunissant 1248 participant·e·s, cette conférence a été la plus importante du domaine jusqu’à ce jour.
Proxy Pattern-Mixture Analysis for a Binary Variable Subject to Nonresponse
Authors: Andridge Rebecca R. , Little Roderick J.A.
Published: August 2020

Given increasing survey nonresponse, good measures of the potential impact of nonresponse on survey estimates are particularly important. Existing measures, such as the R-indicator, make the strong assumption that missingness is missing at random, meaning that it depends only on variables that are observed for respondents and nonrespondents. We consider assessment of the impact of nonresponse for a binary survey variable Y subject to nonresponse when missingness may be not at random, meaning that missingness may depend on Y itself. Our work is motivated by missing categorical income data in the 2015 Ohio Medicaid Assessment Survey (OMAS), where whether or not income is missing may be related to the income value itself, with low-income earners more reluctant to respond. We assume there is a set of covariates observed for nonrespondents and respondents, which for the item nonresponse (as in OMAS) is often a rich set of variables, but which may be potentially limited in cases of unit nonresponse. To reduce dimensionality and for simplicity we reduce these available covariates to a continuous proxy variable X, available for both respondents and nonrespondents, that has the highest correlation with Y, estimated from a probit regression analysis of respondent data. We extend the previously proposed proxy-pattern mixture (PPM) analysis for continuous outcomes to the binary outcome using a latent variable approach for modeling the joint distribution of Y and X. Our method does not assume data are missing at random but includes it as a special case, thus creating a convenient framework for sensitivity analyses. Maximum likelihood, Bayesian, and multiple imputation versions of PPM analysis are described, and robustness of these methods to model assumptions is discussed. Properties are demonstrated through simulation and with the 2015 OMAS data.
STUDI PENGGUNAAN PUPUK BOKASHI (KOTORAN SAPI) TERHADAP TANAMAN PADI, JAGUNG & SORGUM
Authors: Iswahyudi Iswahyudi , Izzah Aqidatul , Nisak Ainun
Published: August 2020

Kesuburan tanah yang dikelola dengan melibatkan bahan organik, meningkatkan sifat-sifatnya. Bokashi kotoran sapi merupakan pupuk organik yang dapat menjadi digunakan untuk perbaikan tanah berkelanjutan. Tinjauan ini memberikan informasi yang ada mengenai pengaplikasian bokashi khususnya kotoran sapi pada tanaman padi, jagung dan sorgum. Selain membahas pengaplikasian bokhasi untuk produksi padi, jagung dan sorgum, ada pula pembahasan mengenai kandungan bokhasi dan efek pemberian bokhasi pada tanah. Pemberian bokashi pada tanah menjadi solusi utama untuk mengatasi masalah untuk produksi tanaman secara berkelanjutan. Sejumlah hasil penelitian di Indonesia telah terbukti memiliki efek menguntungkan dalam menggunakan bokashi. Bokashi merupakan teknologi yang dapat mengubah sistem pertanian berbasis kimia menjadi sistem pertanian yang lebih alami (organik). Dengan demikian, bokhasi dapat meningkatkan kesuburan tanah dan produksi tanaman. Selain itu, dengan adanya sumber bahan baku melimpah dapat dimanfaatkan petani di daerah-daerah untuk membuat bokhasi.
Ordinal Polymatrix Games with Incomplete Information
Authors: Ben Amor Nahla , Fargier Hélène , Sabbadin Régis , Trabelsi Meriem
Published: August 2020

Possibilistic games with incomplete information (Π-games) constitute a suitable framework for the representation of ordinal games under incomplete knowledge. However, representing a Π-game in standard normal form requires an extensive expression of the utility functions and the possibility distribution, namely, on the product spaces of actions and types. In the present work, we propose a less costly view of Π-games, namely min-based polymatrix Π-games, which allows to concisely specify Π-games with local interactions. This framework allows, for instance, the compact representation of coordination games under uncertainty where the satisfaction of an agent is high if and only if her strategy is coherent with all of her neighbors, the game being possibly only incompletely known to the agents. Then, an important result of this paper is to show that a min-based polymatrix Π-game can be transformed, in polynomial time, into a (complete information) min-based polymatrix game with identical pure Nash equilibria. Finally, we show that the latter family of games can be solved through a MILP formulation. Experiments on variants of the GAMUT problems confirm the feasibility of this approach.
Querying and Repairing Inconsistent Prioritized Knowledge Bases: Complexity Analysis and Links with Abstract Argumentation
Authors: Bienvenu Meghyn , Bourgaux Camille
Published: August 2020

In this paper, we explore the issue of inconsistency handling over prioritized knowledge bases (KBs), which consist of an ontology, a set of facts, and a priority relation between conflicting facts. In the database setting, a closely related scenario has been studied and led to the definition of three different notions of optimal repairs (global, Pareto, and completion) of a prioritized inconsistent database. After transferring the notions of globally-, Pareto- and completion-optimal repairs to our setting, we study the data complexity of the core reasoning tasks: query entailment under inconsistency-tolerant semantics based upon optimal repairs, existence of a unique optimal repair, and enumeration of all optimal repairs. Our results provide a nearly complete picture of the data complexity of these tasks for ontologies formulated in common DL-Lite dialects. The second contribution of our work is to clarify the relationship between optimal repairs and different notions of extensions for (set-based) argumentation frameworks. Among our results, we show that Pareto-optimal repairs correspond precisely to stable extensions (and often also to preferred extensions), and we propose a novel semantics for prioritized KBs which is inspired by grounded extensions and enjoys favourable computational properties. Our study also yields some results of independent interest concerning preference-based argumentation frameworks.
Module Checking of Pushdown Multi-agent Systems
Authors: Bozzelli Laura , Murano Aniello , Peron Adriano
Published: August 2020

In this paper, we investigate the module-checking problem of pushdown multi-agent systems (PMS) against ATL and ATL* specifications. We establish that for ATL, module checking of PMS is 2EXPTIME-complete, which is the same complexity as pushdown module-checking for CTL. On the other hand, we show that ATL* module-checking of PMS turns out to be 4EXPTIME-complete, hence exponentially harder than both CTL* pushdown module-checking and ATL* model-checking of PMS. Our result for ATL* provides a rare example of a natural decision problem that is elementary yet but with a complexity that is higher than triply exponential-time.
Spatial Reasoning about String Loops and Holes in Temporal ASP
Authors: Cabalar Pedro , Santos Paulo E.
Published: August 2020

This paper introduces a new formalism for the automated solution of spatial scenarios involving strings and holed objects. In particular, we revisit a previous formalisation that allows string loops to be treated as holes, but make a substantial modification by removing a previous limitation that prevented a string to cross its own loops. The formalisation introduced in the present paper relies on string segments as basic entities and achieves a greater degree of elaboration tolerance by using inertia to describe those parts of the physical scenario that are unaffected by a given action. As a representation language, we have used Temporal Answer Set Programming since it provides a simple and natural way to deal with time and inertia while, at the same time, it is accompanied by the automated tool 'telingo' that allows a systematic testing of the effects of any sequence of actions. As an illustrative example, we have studied the African Ring puzzle, a problem involving loops crossed by a unique string, and provided the first formalisation of its solution, to the best of our knowledge.
Reasoning with Contextual Knowledge and Influence Diagrams
Authors: Acar Erman , Peñaloza Rafael
Published: August 2020

Influence diagrams (IDs) are well-known formalisms, which extend Bayesian networks to model decision situations under uncertainty. Although they are convenient as a decision theoretic tool, their knowledge representation ability is limited in capturing other crucial notions such as logical consistency. In this article, we complement IDs with the light-weight description logic (DL) EL to overcome such limitations. We consider a setup where DL axioms hold in some contexts, yet the actual context is uncertain. The framework benefits from the convenience of using DL as a domain knowledge representation language and the modelling strength of IDs to deal with decisions over contexts in the presence of contextual uncertainty. We define related reasoning problems and study their computational complexity.