bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of federal antipsychotic use policy in nursing homes on new diagnoses for approved indications in dementia residents
Authors: Shireman Theresa I. , Coulibaly Neto , Zhang Tingting , Zullo Andrew R. , Gerlach Lauren B. , Coe Antoinette B. , Daiello Lori A. , Lo Derrick , Bynum Julie P. W.
Published: August 2024

Background

Federal policies targeting antipsychotic use among nursing home (NH) residents may have increased reporting of diagnoses for approved uses, including schizophrenia, Tourette's syndrome, and Huntington's Disease (called “exclusionary diagnoses” because they exclude residents from the antipsychotic quality metric). We assessed changes in new exclusionary diagnoses among long‐stay NH admissions specifically with dementia following federal policies.

Methods

Retrospective, quarterly, interrupted time‐series analysis (2009–2018) of new long‐stay NH residents with dementia and no exclusionary diagnoses reported before NH admission. The National Partnership and the addition of facility level antipsychotic use to the Five Star Quality Rating system were key time exposures. Outcome was quarterly facility level predicted percentage of exclusionary diagnoses within 2 years of admission stratified by NH characteristics.

Results

For 264,095 long‐stay admissions, mean percentage of new exclusionary diagnoses was 2.2% before the Partnership. After the Partnership, there was an unadjusted increase in the percentage over time (slope change, 0.044, p = 0.018), but the percentage never exceeded 2.9%. The Partnership contributed to a one‐time decrease in diagnoses in NHs with an intermediate percentage of Black residents (−1.29%, p = 0.004). Before the Partnership, diagnoses were increasing among not‐for‐profit relative to for‐profit NHs (0.044; p = 0.012), but after the Partnership, the pattern reversed. For‐profit NHs saw an increase (+0.034, p = 0.002); not‐for‐profit NHs experienced a decrease (−0.014, p = 0.039). Quality Rating modifications had no significant effect.

Conclusions

Exclusionary diagnosis reporting among long‐stay NH residents with dementia, the group most at risk from antipsychotics, did not increase in response to federal policies. Evaluation of reasons for the observed increase in exclusionary diagnoses among non‐dementia NH residents is warranted along with continued attention to how to incentivize the appropriate use of medications in residents with dementia that is crucial for high‐quality NH care.
“Effectiveness of minimally invasive injectable modalities in the management of androgenetic alopecia among adults—A systematic review”
Authors: Kumar Vaibhav , Gold Michael , Jain Anuj , Mhatre Pranjal , Zaman Ungku Mohd Shahrin b Mohd , Kapoor Rinky , Shome Debraj
Published: August 2024

Background

Androgenetic alopecia is the most common cause of hair loss that affects over 50% of the world population. It is a condition that is multifactorial in origin, with no specific causative factor, making treatment an enervating experience for the patient as well as the doctor. In recent times, a number of modalities have been introduced for the treatment of alopecia. However, the evidence supporting them is unstructured and sparse. Therefore, this article aims to explore the current trends in minimally invasive treatments for the management of androgenetic alopecia.

Methods

An in‐depth literature search on injectables used in the treatment of alopecia in PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, TRIP Cochrane Library, and Cochrane Skin databases between January 2000 and May 2023 was performed. The studies included were randomized controlled trials, non‐randomized trials, quasi trials, single arm interventions, and cohort studies.

Results

Sixteen of the 1071 studies that were found during the original search were accepted in accordance with the inclusion criteria. Twelve studies assessed the effectiveness of the injectable group by comparing it to a control group consisting of saline, distilled water, and topical minoxidil. In the treatment of alopecia, dutasteride and injectable growth factor formulations achieved clinically significant results.

Conclusion

The usage of injectables and topical medicines to treat hair loss has increased in the recent years. Overall results from clinical investigations, pilot studies, and trials looking at the efficacy and safety of these growth factors in the AGA show satisfactory efficacy.
Exploring the barriers, facilitators and needs to use patient outcomes in district nursing care: A multi‐method qualitative study
Authors: Veldhuizen Jessica Desirée , Van Wijngaarden Frans , Mikkers Misja Chiljon , Schuurmans Marieke Joanne , Bleijenberg Nienke
Published: August 2024

Aim and Objectives

To provide an in‐depth insight into the barriers, facilitators and needs of district nurses and nurse assistants on using patient outcomes in district nursing care.

Background

As healthcare demands grow, particularly in district nursing, there is a significant need to understand how to systematically measure and improve patient outcomes in this setting. Further investigation is needed to identify the barriers and facilitators for effective implementation.

Design

A multi‐method qualitative study.

Methods

Open‐ended questions of a survey study (N = 132) were supplemented with in‐depth online focus group interviews involving district nurses and nurse assistants (N = 26) in the Netherlands. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.

Results

Different barriers, facilitators and needs were identified and compiled into 16 preconditions for using outcomes in district nursing care. These preconditions were summarised into six overarching themes: follow the steps of a learning healthcare system; provide patient‐centred care; promote the professional's autonomy, attitude, knowledge and skills; enhance shared responsibility and collaborations within and outside organisational boundaries; prioritise and invest in the use of outcomes; and boost the unity and appreciation for district nursing care.

Conclusions

The preconditions identified in this study are crucial for nurses, care providers, policymakers and payers in implementing the use of patient outcomes in district nursing practice. Further exploration of appropriate strategies is necessary for a successful implementation.

Relevance to clinical practice

This study represents a significant step towards implementing the use of patient outcomes in district nursing care. While most research has focused on hospitals and general practitioner settings, this study focuses on the needs for district nursing care. By identifying 16 key preconditions across themes such as patient‐centred care, professional autonomy and unity, the findings offer valuable guidance for integrating a learning healthcare system that prioritises the measurement and continuous improvement of patient outcomes in district nursing.

Reporting Method

Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) guidelines.

Patient of Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.
Zooming in on the self in workplace coaching: Self‐regulation and its connection to coaching success
Authors: Mühlberger Christina , Zerle Georg , Möller Julius , Diller Sandra Julia , Greif Siegfried , Kinder Nicklas , Jonas Eva
Published: August 2024

The coachee's self is central to coaching. Yet the roles that different self‐related concepts play in coaching have been insufficiently studied. Specifically, self‐control and self‐regulation have been conflated or treated as identical concepts. Using the theory of personality systems interactions, we investigated how the development of self‐management competencies (SMCs) within coaching facilitates coaching success in two studies with professional samples. Additionally, we examined how coaches support coachees' development of these competencies. Study 1 employed a longitudinal design. Caregivers working as managers engaged in a 5‐month coaching programme. Goal attainment increased, need frustration decreased and the SMCs self‐regulation and self‐access increased, with self‐regulation predicting coachees' goal attainment. In Study 2, we conceptually replicated the finding that self‐regulation is positively related to coaching success. With a cross‐sectional design, we matched self‐reported data of 298 coachees with self‐reported data of their 75 respective coaches. In a structural equation model, we found that a strong coaching relationship reported by the coaches positively related to the SMCs reported by the coachees. Self‐regulation again showed the strongest effect on coaching success. These findings provide theoretical insights into the different effects of self‐regulation and self‐control on coaching effectiveness and suggest areas of focus for coaches.
Trends in plant cover derived from vegetation plot data using ordinal zero‐augmented beta regression
Authors: van Strien Arco J. , Irvine Kathryn M. , Retel Cas
Published: August 2024

Questions

Plant cover values in vegetation plot data are bounded between 0 and 1, and cover is typically recorded in discrete classes with non‐equal intervals. Consequently, cover data are skewed and heteroskedastic, which hampers the application of conventional regression methods. Recently developed ordinal beta regression models consider these statistical difficulties. Our primary question is whether we can detect species trends in vegetation plot time series data with this modelling approach. A second question is whether trends in cover have additional value compared to trends in occurrence, which are easier to assess for practitioners.

Location

The Netherlands, Western Europe.

Methods

We used vegetation plot data collected from 10,000 fixed plots which were surveyed once every four years during 1999–2022. We used the ordinal zero‐augmented beta regression (OZAB) model, a hierarchical model consisting of a logistic regression for presence and an ordinal beta regression for cover. We adapted the OZAB model for longitudinal data and produced estimates of cover and occurrence for each four‐year period. Thereafter we assessed trends in cover and in occurrence across all periods.

Results

We found evidence of a trend in cover in 318 out of the 721 species (44%) with sufficient data. Most species showed similar directional trends in occurrence and percent cover. No trend in occurrence was detected for 64 species that had evidence of a trend in cover. Declining species had stronger relative changes in cover than in occurrence.

Conclusions

Our model enables researchers to detect trends in cover using longitudinal vegetation plot data. Cover trends often corroborated trends in occurrence, but we also regularly found trends in cover even in the absence of evidence for trends in occurrence. Our approach thus contributes to a more complete picture of (changes in) vegetation composition based on large monitoring data sets.
Systemic risk in markets with multiple central counterparties
Authors: Veraart Luitgard Anna Maria , Aldasoro Iñaki
Published: August 2024

We provide a framework for modeling risk and quantifying payment shortfalls in cleared markets with multiple central counterparties (CCPs). Building on the stylized fact that clearing membership is shared among CCPs, we develop a modeling framework that captures the interconnectedness of CCPs and clearing members. We illustrate stress transmission mechanisms using simple examples as well as empirical evidence based on calibrated data. Furthermore, we show how stress mitigation tools such as variation margin gains haircutting by one CCP can have spillover effects on other CCPs. The framework can be used to enhance CCP stress‐testing, which currently relies on the “Cover 2” standard requiring CCPs to be able to withstand the default of their two largest clearing members. We show that who these two clearing members are can be significantly affected if one considers higher‐order effects arising from interconnectedness through shared clearing membership. Looking at the full network of CCPs and shared clearing members is, therefore, important from a financial stability perspective.
Anatomical compensation of retinal nerve fiber layer improves the detection of glaucoma between ethnicities
Authors: Chua Jacqueline , Li Chi , Wong Damon W. K. , Chong Rachel S. , Husain Rahat , Wong Tina T. , Vass Clemens , Cheng Ching‐Yu , Aung Tin , Schmetterer Leopold
Published: August 2024

The study aimed to evaluate the impact of compensating retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness for demographic and anatomical factors on glaucoma detection in Chinese and Indian adults. A population‐based study included 1995 healthy participants (1076 Chinese and 919 Indians) to construct a multivariable linear regression compensation model. This model was applied to 357 Chinese glaucoma patients, 357 healthy Chinese, and 357 healthy Indians using Cirrus spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). The compensated RNFL thickness considered age, refractive error, optic disc parameters, and retinal vessel density. Results showed that although the average RNFL thickness was significantly higher in Chinese participants compared to Indians, the compensation model reduced this difference to nonsignificance. Moreover, the compensation model significantly improved the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.90 vs. 0.78; p<0.001), sensitivity (75% vs. 51%), and specificity (67% vs. 32%) in distinguishing Chinese glaucoma patients from healthy Indian individuals. The compensation model significantly enhanced the diagnostic accuracy of RNFL thickness in distinguishing glaucoma in the Chinese ethnic group compared to the OCT instrument's default values. These results suggest that modifying RNFL measurements based on individual characteristics can yield substantial benefits for glaucoma detection across ethnicities.
New clinicopathological concept of endometrial carcinoma with integration of histological features and molecular profiles
Authors: Yasuda Masanori
Published: August 2024

The dual‐stratified pathway of endometrial carcinomas (ECs) has long been dominant. However, in 2013, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) defined four EC subgroups with distinctive prognoses. Inspired by TCGA, in 2018, the Proactive Molecular Risk Classifier for Endometrial Cancer (ProMisE) provided four pragmatic molecular classifiers to apply surrogate immunohistochemical markers to TCGA subgroup categorization. These trends prompted the revision of 2020 WHO Classification of Female Genital Tumors, 5th edition (2020 WHO classification), in which four molecular subtypes are recognized: POLE‐ultramutated; mismatch repair‐deficient; p53‐mutant; and no specific molecular profile. In the 2020 WHO classification, the diagnostic algorithm is characterized by prioritizing POLEmut over other molecular abnormalities. Following the 2020 WHO classification, Federation of International Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) proposed a new staging system in 2023. The updated system focuses on diagnostic parameters, such as histological type and grade, lymphovascular space invasion, and molecular alterations. These new histomolecular diagnostic concepts of ECs are being accordingly introduced into the routine pathology practice. For the first time, the 2020 WHO classification includes mesonephric‐like adenocarcinoma (MLA) as a novel histological entity, mimicking the conventional mesonephric adenocarcinoma, but is considered of Müllerian ductal origin.
Islamic Chaplaincy in North America: The State of the Field
Authors: Jalalzai Sajida
Published: August 2024

This article surveys the state of research on Islamic chaplaincy in North America. These studies analyze the development of the profession in light of the unique spiritual, emotional, and socio‐political challenges faced by Muslims in the U.S. and Canada. Despite its novelty, this field of research spans multiple academic disciplines, including religious studies, sociology, psychology, anthropology, history, and theology. An examination of existing scholarship on Islamic chaplaincy highlights several recurrent topics of inquiry, including the roles and responsibilities of Muslim chaplains, professionalization of Islamic chaplaincy, the negotiation of Muslim women's authority, and Islamic spiritual care as a theology of engagement.
From the Third World to the Global South: Definitions of Moral Geographies of Inequality in Anti‐Colonial Intellectual Traditions
Authors: Pinheiro Claudio
Published: August 2024

For decades, the “Third World” was an expression used to refer to regions seen as lacking prosperity and progress, on the one hand, and as a rallying call for anti‐colonial struggles on the other. The concept evoked the uneven distribution of power and wealth following World War II, replaced the forms of oppression and disparities distinctive of the former colonial world, and fostered liberatory and autonomous projects. In recent discussions on intellectual decolonization, however, the Global South became a popular way of expressing purportedly similar understandings of what I name as “moral geographies of inequality.” This article reviews the genealogies, uses, lives and afterlives of these two concepts, discussing whether the “Third World” and the “Global South” refer to one and the same; the contexts in which these terms are most commonly used; why one term has been substituted for the other; and the possible repercussions of this shift.
Cirsium arvense differs from Tussilago farfara in regrowth from intact and fragmented below‐ground systems
Authors: Boström U. , Brandsæter L. O. , Andersson L.
Published: August 2024

Fast regrowth from deep roots and rhizomes makes it difficult to mechanically control the perennials Cirsium arvense and Tussilago farfara respectively. It is, however, not clear whether new shoots originate mainly from fragments of roots/rhizomes in upper soil layers or from an intact system below depth of soil cultivation. Here we present results from three experiments with natural infestations of C. arvense, and two with both C. arvense and T. farfara. Plots of 1 m2 were excavated to different depths (13–25 cm), all below‐ground plant parts in the topsoil were collected and thereafter fragments were either returned to or removed from the plots. Regrowth from disturbed plots with removed or returned fragments was compared. The origin of regrown shoots, that is, whether they originated from seeds, intact below‐ground root/rhizome systems or returned fragments, was examined. More C. arvense shoots originated from the intact root system (48%–84%) than from root fragments (16%–52%). The final aboveground biomass was not affected by removal of the top‐soil fragments. For T. farfara, a small proportion (3%) of new shoots originated from the intact rhizome system, and the rest from fragments. We conclude that the intact root system of C. arvense contributes at least as much as root fragments to regrowth after soil cultivation, which might imply that time of treatment and depth of cultivation are crucial for the effect of mechanical control. For T. farfara, the results suggest that tillage equipment with high capacity to fragment the rhizome system will contribute to efficient control.
Motivations of Media Students to Adopt AI in Practical Courses
Authors: Al-Badri Hani
Published: August 2024

The article aimed to reveal the motivations of media students to adopt artificial intelligence applications in practical courses, and a case study was conducted by students in the College of Media at Middle East University in Jordan. This study belongs to the descriptive, interpretive studies using the survey method. The results showed that most artificial intelligence applications that media students depend on the applications that are used in video production and image and sound montage operations and that the general arithmetic mean for the reasons for the reliance of media students on artificial intelligence applications in their practical courses was high (3.67), and that there are statistically significant differences due to specialization, and the journalism and media specialization was the highest among the rest of the specializations. There are statistically significant differences due to students with excellent averages in behavioral and cognitive motivations. The study recommends starting to introduce artificial intelligence applications into scientific courses in media colleges so that they can be used to highlight the thinking and creativity skills of students in producing media content and put forth ethical rules that govern dealing with artificial intelligence applications as a course of study that students deal with within the rules. Moreover, laws keep them away from ethical transgressions, whether producing film content or writing and editing texts.
Resilient Self-Triggered Model Predictive Control of Cyber-Physical Systems Under Two-Channel False Data Injection Attacks
Authors: Chen Yi , Li Yuxiang , He Ning , Cheng Fuan
Published: August 2024

This paper presents a novel resilient self-triggered model predictive control (ST-MPC) method to alleviate potential threats of false data injection (FDI) attacks on cyber-physical systems (CPSs). First, considering that the data transmitted via the sensor-to-controller (S–C) and controller-to-actuator (C–A) channels in CPS may be tampered with by FDI attacks, a novel input reconstruction strategy combined with the ST-MPC mechanism is proposed to alleviate the threats of FDI attacks while reducing the computational and communication resources, in which key optimal control signals are selected and protected based on systematic performance inequalities. Correspondingly, a resilient ST-MPC algorithm combined with the dual-mode strategy is further proposed. Moreover, the iterative feasibility and the closed-loop stability are strictly demonstrated. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed strategy is verified via a simulation study.
Radial Deflection of Ring-Stiffened Cylinders Under Hydrostatic Pressure
Authors: Reijmers Jack J. , Stapersma Douwe
Published: August 2024

Ring-stiffened cylinders under hydrostatic pressure have been analyzed for more than a century. The contribution of Salerno and Pulos in the fifties of the previous century can be considered as a standard that nowadays still can be found in the rules and guidelines of classification societies. Their work comprises stresses and deformation in a perfectly circular cylindrical shell with ring frames, and solutions are presented midbay between the frames and at frame position. It is remarkable that the formula for the radial deflection midbay is much simpler than the one for frame position. This brief note shows a significant simplification of the latter one.
Transcranial Direct-Current Stimulation Over the Primary Motor Cortex and Cerebellum Improves Balance and Shooting Accuracy in Elite Ice Hockey Players
Authors: Zhang Na , Nitsche Michael A. , Miao Yu , Xiong Zheng , Vicario Carmelo Mario , Qi Fengxue
Published: August 2024

Purpose: To investigate the effects of transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) applied over the primary motor cortex (M1) and cerebellum on balance control and shooting accuracy in elite ice hockey players. Methods: Twenty-one elite ice hockey players underwent anodal tDCS over the M1 (a-tDCSM1), anodal tDCS over the cerebellum (a-tDCSCB), concurrent dual-site anodal tDCS over the M1 and the cerebellum (a-tDCSM1+CB), and sham stimulation (tDCSSHAM). Before and after receiving tDCS (2 mA for 15 min), participants completed an ice hockey shooting-accuracy test, Pro-Kin balance test (includes stance test and proprioceptive assessment), and Y-balance test in randomized order. Results: For static balance performance, the ellipse area in the 2-legged stance with eyes open and the 1-legged stance with the dominant leg significantly improved following a-tDCSM1, a-tDCSCB, and concurrent dual-site a-tDCSM1+CB, compared with tDCSSHAM (all P < .05, Cohen d = 0.64–1.06). In dynamic balance performance, the average trace error of the proprioceptive assessment and the composite score of the Y-balance test with the dominant leg significantly improved following a-tDCSM1 and concurrent dual-site a-tDCSM1+CB (all P < .05, Cohen d = 0.77–1.00). For the ice hockey shooting-accuracy test, shooting-accuracy while standing on the unstable platform significantly increased following a-tDCSM1 (P = .010, Cohen d = 0.81) and a-tDCSCB (P = .010, Cohen d = 0.92) compared with tDCSSHAM. Conclusion: tDCS could potentially be a valuable tool in enhancing static and dynamic balance and shooting accuracy on unstable platforms in elite ice hockey players.
The Relationship Between Actual Motor Competence and Physical Activity in Children: Mediating Roles of Perceived Motor Competence and Physical Activity Enjoyment
Authors: Cimen Murat , Tuncel Semiyha , Tuncel Fehmi
Published: August 2024

This study’s objective was to examine whether the relationship between actual motor competence and physical activity (PA) in children is mediated by perceived motor competence (PMC) and physical activity enjoyment. The participants consisted of a total of 167 students (male = 92, female = 75) in 10 different schools in the fourth grade of primary schools in the central district of Isparta Province, Turkey, during the 2020–2021 academic year. Multiple parallel mediation analysis was used to examine the mediation role in the analysis of the data, and regression analysis based on the bootstrapping method was performed. As a result of the research, it was seen that PMC had a full mediating role between actual motor competence and PA (b = 0.003, 95% confidence interval [0.002, 0.094]). On the other hand, it was determined that PA enjoyment did not have a mediating role in this relationship (b = 0.001, 95% confidence interval [−0.002, 0.005]). The total indirect effect was not significant (b = 0.005, 95% confidence interval [−0.000, 0.012]). The multiple mediation analysis showed that PMC accounted for 23.2% of the total effect of actual motor competence on PA. In conclusion, the findings show that PMC is an important variable in participation in PA. Therefore, PMC should be considered a key outcome in physical education.
Cross-Cultural Comparison of Satellite Fanship: A Consumer Culture Theory Perspective
Authors: Su Yiran , Zhou Xiaochen , Funk Daniel , Daniels Jason
Published: August 2024

Satellite fans make up an important part of a sport team’s market, but little is known about how long-distance relationships are developed across different cultures. In this manuscript, we utilize the Consumer Culture Theory to examine how satellite fans develop fanship toward foreign professional sport teams. Drawing from 46 interviews with Chinese and American fans of European soccer teams, we developed four archetypal pathways through which fans form relationships with their beloved teams, reflected in the labels “Detached Admirer,” “Relational Networker,” “Industry Analyst,” and “Spiritual Follower.” The findings showed both cross-cultural and intracultural differences in the way satellite fans connect to their teams. In diverse ways, satellite fans construct their desired identities based on the meaning of their fandom, influenced by a variety of social-historical parameters. Accordingly, we bring theoretical innovation to sport fan behavior research and provide managerial actions for teams targeting the satellite fan base.
Attitudes Toward Implicit Bias Among Athletic Trainers
Authors: Cage S. Andrew , Decker Meredith , Vela Luzita , Scott Ramonica , Gonzalez Cristina
Published: August 2024

Implicit biases are attitudes, emotions, or stereotypes that occur in an unconscious manner and have the potential to negatively affect behaviors, actions, and decisions. Recent studies have suggested that even when certain factors are controlled for, health care workers do not provide equitable care to patients from different demographics. When patients are not receiving equitable health care, there is a potential for disparities in patient-related outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine attitudes toward implicit bias among athletic trainers. A secondary purpose of this study was to assess differences and correlations between attitudes toward implicit bias and demographic factors including age, years of experience, gender identity, sexual orientation, and race. Participants were recruited for this study by emailing athletic trainers from publicly available staff directories at institutions of higher education and high schools, and athletic training education program directors. The survey consisted of questions gathering demographic information and questions taken from the Attitudes Toward Implicit Bias Instrument. A total of 218 athletic trainers (age = 38 [11] y, years of certified experience = 14 [11] y) opened and completed the survey. On average, participants scored 71.0 [11.2] on the Attitudes Toward Implicit Bias Instrument. This mean score indicated that the average participant felt that implicit bias had the potential to negatively impact patient care and needed to be addressed through education. There was a significant, negligible negative correlation between age and attitudes toward implicit bias (r[216] = −.157, P = .02). Examining implicit bias among athletic trainers warrants further research to understand how implicit bias can negatively affect access to equitable health care opportunities. The development of high-quality interventions for identifying and addressing implicit bias is crucial to ensuring optimal patient outcomes in athletic training and all medical settings.
Recovery Is Similar Between Black and White College Athletes Following Sport-Related Concussion
Authors: Jones Taneisha M. , Rosenblum Daniel J. , Donahue Catherine C. , Resch Jacob E.
Published: August 2024

Context: Racial identity may associate with clinical outcomes following sport-related concussion (SRC). This study compared clinical outcome scores before and after recovery from a SRC between Black or White college athletes. Design: Prospective cohort. Methods: Participants were self-reported White (n = 61, 18.5 [1.1] y of age) and Black (n = 24, 18.3 [1.1] y of age) NCAA Division 1 college athletes. The revised Head Injury Scale (HIS-r), the Immediate Postconcussion and Cognitive Test (ImPACT) battery, and the Sensory Organization Test (SOT) at baseline (T1), upon symptom resolution (T2) following a diagnosed SRC, and upon establishing a new baseline assessment (T3). Race was collected from paper and electronic medical records. The revised Head Injury Scale total symptom severity, ImPACT’s Verbal Memory, Visual Memory, Visual Motor Speed (VMS), and Reaction Time, and the SOT Equilibrium Score, were compared between groups at each time point. Multivariate analyses of variance (2 [group] × 3 [time]) were used to compare revised Head Injury Scale, ImPACT, and SOT outcome scores. Post hoc analyses consisted of independent and paired sample t tests. Results: A significant main effect for time (λ = 0.66, F2,82 = 21.55, P < .001, ) was observed for the SOT. White athletes significantly improved on the Equilibrium Score between all time points (all P < .006). Similarly, Black athletes significantly improved on the Equilibrium Score between T1–T2 and T1–T3 (all P < .001). A significant main effect of time was observed for ImPACT’s Verbal Memory, Visual Memory, and VMS outcome scores (all P < .001). VMS improved for White athletes between T1–T2 (P = .02) and T3 (P = .006). Black athletes had improved VMS scores between T1–T3 (P = .015) and T2–T3 (P = .005). A between-group difference was observed for VMS at T2 (P = .004). Conclusions: There was 1 small and not clinically significant difference between groups for the VMS score at T2. Overall, groups performed consistently or improved upon their baseline balance, cognition, and symptom outcome scores at clinically relevant time points following a SRC.
Postmovement Beta Rebound in Real and Imagined Movement
Authors: Sisti Helene M. , Beebe Annika , Gabrielsson Elias , Bishop Mercedes
Published: August 2024

Movement disorders, such as stroke and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, result in loss of upper limb function and, hence, severe impairments of bimanual coordination. Although motor imagery is increasingly used to enhance neurorehabilitation, cognitive and neurophysiological parameters that inform effective strategies remain elusive. The aim of the present study is to elucidate the neural dynamics that underlie learning during real and imagined movement using both unimanual and bimanual coordination patterns. The post movement beta rebound (PMBR) has been implicated as a biomarker of motor control and therefore was the focus of this study. Healthy adults (n = 21) learned a visuomotor tracking task in a single session using either one or both hands while brainwaves were captured using electroencephalography. Postmovement beta rebound was evident in the sensorimotor cortex for both unimanual and bimanual conditions. Task-related power of the beta band demonstrated that actual unimanual movement requires greater contralateral activity compared with both actual bimanual movement and imagined movement of either condition. Notably, the PMBR was evident even in imagined movement, although to a lesser extent than real movement. Neurophysiological results support a functional role for beta band in movement. Results of these data may inform neurorehabilitation strategies for patients recovering from movement disorders of the upper limbs.
Effects of an 8-Week Corrective Dance Exercises Intervention on Thoracic Hyperkyphosis, Scapular Position, Respiratory Function, and Happiness in Girls Aged 10–12 Years
Authors: Kouchi Donya , Sahebozamani Mansour , Daneshjoo Abdolhamid , Amatachaya Sugalya , Alimoradi Mohammad , Iranmanesh Mojtaba
Published: August 2024

Purpose: This study examined the impact of an 8-week corrective dance intervention on thoracic hyperkyphosis, scapular position, breathing, and happiness in girls aged 10–12 years. Methods: Sixty participants were randomly assigned to either an experimental (EX) or control (CO) group. The intervention involved rhythmic and corrective movements conducted 3 times a week. Measurements were taken before and after the intervention for thoracic hyperkyphosis angle, scapular position, lung function, and happiness levels. Results: EX showed greater improvements (P = .001) than CO for the decrement of thoracic hyperkyphosis angle (48.20–42.80°) than in CO (47.66°–46.59°), and scapular position improved more (P = .003) in EX (1.48°–1.20°) than in CO (1.44°–1.42°). Forced vital capacity (P = .001) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (P = .001) significantly increased in EX (FVC: 2.65–3.40 L; FEV1: 2.32–2.74 L), while they remained stable in CO. Happiness levels significantly improved (P = .001) in EX (42.20–49.79) and slightly decreased in CO (41.80–40.15). Conclusions: The 8-week dance program improved posture, scapular position, breathing, and happiness in girls aged 10–12 years. It enhances physical health, emotional well-being, and social skills in children and adolescents.
The Development of Fast, Fit, and Fatigue Resistant Youth Field and Court Sport Athletes: A Narrative Review
Authors: Eisenmann Joey C. , Hettler Jason , Till Kevin
Published: August 2024

Humans are fascinated by the bipedal locomotor capacities at both ends of the athletic spectrum—sprinting speed and endurance. Some of the more popular field (eg, soccer, rugby, and lacrosse) and court (eg, basketball, tennis, and netball) sports utilize mixed energy systems requiring an interplay of both maximal sprinting speed (MSS) and maximal aerobic speed (MAS) to meet the high-intensity running demands of varying frequency, duration, intensity, and recovery. Recently, these locomotor capacities have been considered in combination to produce what is called the anaerobic speed reserve (ASR) as part of the locomotor profile concept (MSS, MAS, and ASR). The purpose of this narrative review is to (1) provide an overview of the locomotor profile concept; (2) review the assessment methods for estimating MSS, MAS, and ASR; (3) examine the age-, sex-, and maturity-associated variations in MSS, MAS, and ASR; (4) examine the trainability of MSS, MAS, and ASR in youth athletes; and (5) conclude with the practical applications using principles of long-term athlete development for training the locomotor profile in youth field and court sport athletes. Based on the available data in young male athletes, MSS, MAS, and ASR generally increase with age and across maturity groups and are trainable. Overall, decisions on training need to consider the sport demands, current fitness and maturity status, and targeted training adaptation sought.
Sports Sprawl: Arlington Stadium and the Rise of Suburban Baseball Venues
Authors: Ingrassia Brian M.
Published: August 2024

Arlington Stadium in Arlington, Texas, originally opened as a minor-league stadium in 1965, but by 1972, it became home to the Texas Rangers of baseball’s American League. Although it was an architecturally undistinguished facility, Arlington Stadium shows how civic leaders in Arlington, alongside boosters in nearby Dallas and Fort Worth, utilized organized baseball’s legal doctrine of territorial rights to unify the metro area’s baseball market within a centrally located suburb. Quickly growing Arlington thus became home to a stadium that might one day host a big-league team, although in the meantime, it could host a minor-league team. This article tells the story of Arlington Stadium’s planning and construction, as well as the Rangers’ relocation from Washington, D.C., as a way to understand how a metro area used organized baseball’s idiosyncratic rules, based on a longstanding federal antitrust exemption, to build a suburban home for a major-league team.
Concussion Reporting and Racial Stereotypes: ESPN’s Role in Shaping Public Perception About Athletes of Color
Authors: St. Amant Niya
Published: August 2024

In the 2022 National Football League (NFL) season, Miami Dolphins’ quarterback, Tua Tagovailoa, received two concussions in 5 days and was taken off the field on a stretcher. The media framing around Tagovailoa’s concussions was focused on the flaws in the NFL concussion policy and the poor decision making of the neurotrauma consultant. However, no mention of Tagovailoa’s race was mentioned despite historical racist practices regarding concussions in football for racialized athletes. Given the media’s role in the framing of concussions and the perpetuation of racial stereotypes, I conducted a content analysis to explore ESPN media articles dedicated to concussion stories during the 2022 NFL season. Ultimately, this paper concludes that through subtle but pervasive frames, the writers at ESPN continue to perpetuate racial stereotypes that construct racialized athletes as physiologically superior, intellectually inept, and criminally dangerous.
“Quinn, Who Goes by One Name”: Examining the Media Coverage of the First Openly Trans Nonbinary Athlete to Win an Olympic Medal
Authors: Ravel Barbara
Published: August 2024

A year after publicly coming out as trans, Canadian soccer player Quinn became the first openly transgender athlete to win an Olympic medal when they won gold at Tokyo 2020 in the women’s tournament. They then participated in the 2023 FIFA Women’s World Cup, another first for a trans person. These accomplishments created an important media coverage that this paper sought to examine. Inspired by a queer methodology and the concept of “trans joy,” the project proposed a creative way of documenting trans stories that were either accurate and positive or less trans-inclusive. The findings were discussed in light of the existing literature on the media coverage of trans athletes, as well as that of women’s soccer. Recommendations for the media are also included.
Stem cell memory EBV-specific T cells control EBV tumor growth and persist in vivo
Authors: Palianina Darya , Mietz Juliane , Stühler Claudia , Arnold Brice , Bantug Glenn , Münz Christian , Chijioke Obinna , Khanna Nina
Published: August 2024

Adoptive T cell therapy (ACT), the therapeutic transfer of defined T cell immunity to patients, offers great potential in the fight against different human diseases including difficult-to-treat viral infections, but persistence and longevity of the cells are areas of concern. Very-early-differentiated stem cell memory T cells (T
SCMs
) have superior self-renewal, engraftment, persistence, and anticancer efficacy, but their potential for antiviral ACT remains unknown. Here, we developed a clinically scalable protocol for expanding Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)–specific T
SCM
-enriched T cells with high proportions of CD4
+
T cells and broad EBV antigen coverage. These cells showed tumor control in a xenograft model of EBV-induced lymphoma and were superior to previous ACT protocols in terms of tumor infiltration, in vivo proliferation, persistence, proportion of functional CD4
+
T cells, and diversity of EBV antigen specificity. Thus, our protocol may pave the way for the next generation of potent unmodified antigen-specific cell therapies for EBV-associated diseases, including tumors, and other indications.
A new type of carboxysomal carbonic anhydrase in sulfur chemolithoautotrophs from alkaline environments
Authors: Wieschollek Jana , Fuller Daniella , Gahramanova Arin , Millen Terrence , Mislay Ashianna J. , Payne Ren R. , Walsh Daniel P. , Zhao YuXuan , Carney Madilyn , Cross Jaden , Kashem John , Korde Ruchi , Lacy Christine , Lyons Noah , Mason Tori , Torres-Betancourt Kayla , Trapnell Tyler , Dennison Clare L. , Chaput Dale , Scott Kathleen M.
Published: August 2024

Autotrophic bacteria are able to fix CO
2
in a great diversity of habitats, even though this dissolved gas is relatively scarce at neutral pH and above. As many of these bacteria rely on CO
2
fixation by ribulose 1,5-bisphospate carboxylase/oxygenase (RubisCO) for biomass generation, they must compensate for the catalytical constraints of this enzyme with CO
2
-concentrating mechanisms (CCMs). CCMs consist of CO
2
and HCO
3
−
transporters and carboxysomes. Carboxysomes encapsulate RubisCO and carbonic anhydrase (CA) within a protein shell and are essential for the operation of a CCM in autotrophic
Bacteria
that use the Calvin-Benson-Basham cycle. Members of the genus
Thiomicrospira
lack genes homologous to those encoding previously described CA, and prior to this work, the mechanism of function for their carboxysomes was unclear. In this paper, we provide evidence that a member of the recently discovered iota family of carbonic anhydrase enzymes (ιCA) plays a role in CO
2
fixation by carboxysomes from members of
Thiomicrospira
and potentially other
Bacteria
. Carboxysome enrichments from
Thiomicrospira pelophila
and
Thiomicrospira aerophila
were found to have CA activity and contain ιCA, which is encoded in their carboxysome loci. When the gene encoding ιCA was interrupted in
T. pelophila
, cells could no longer grow under low-CO
2
conditions, and CA activity was no longer detectable in their carboxysomes. When
T. pelophila
ιCA was expressed in a strain of
Escherichia coli
lacking native CA activity, this strain recovered an ability to grow under low CO
2
conditions, and CA activity was present in crude cell extracts prepared from this strain.

IMPORTANCE

Here, we provide evidence that iota carbonic anhydrase (ιCA) plays a role in CO
2
fixation by some organisms with CO
2
-concentrating mechanisms; this is the first time that ιCA has been detected in carboxysomes. While ιCA genes have been previously described in other members of bacteria, this is the first description of a physiological role for this type of carbonic anhydrase in this domain. Given its distribution in alkaliphilic autotrophic bacteria, ιCA may provide an advantage to organisms growing at high pH values and could be helpful for engineering autotrophic organisms to synthesize compounds of industrial interest under alkaline conditions.
Effect of Anisotropy on Residual Stress Measurement of 316L Stainless Steel by Ultrasonic Surface Wave
Authors: Chu Zhaojie , Li Chenggang , Liu Jianjun , Zhang Jianguo , Chen Dabing , Wang Lun
Published: August 2024

Fe–Cr alloys are widely used in power, petroleum, and manufacturing industries for their good resistance to corrosion and oxidation at high temperatures. Ultrasound is the only nondestructive method so far to measure the residual stress of in-service components. However, for parts with material anisotropy, such as materials processed by rolling, the measurement accuracy is highly restrained. In this paper, a rolled 316L stainless steel sample is used to study the influence of texture on the measurement of residual stress by ultrasonic surface wave. The experimental results show that the propagation velocity of surface waves in the sample has anisotropic characteristics. The wave velocity parallel to the rolling direction (0°) is the maximum, and the wave velocity perpendicular to the rolling direction (90°) is the minimum, thereby affecting the measurement accuracy. It is found that reducing the frequency of surface waves can reduce the influence of anisotropy. Therefore, a low-frequency method and modified formula are used to improve the measurement accuracy. The maximum error in the rolling direction is reduced from 21.3 to 3.6 MPa, and the maximum relative error is also reduced from 45.4 to 9.0%. The modified formula can further reduce the influence of anisotropy, with the maximum error value further reduced to 2.3 MPa, the maximum relative error reduced to 4.9%, and the surface wave detection accuracy effectively improved.
Ultrawidefield imaging aids in the early detection and management of acute retinal necrosis
Authors: Al Saraiji Heba , Alshaweesh Labib , Hemling Stephanie , Gerl Matthias
Published: August 2024

Acute retinal necrosis (ARN) is a rare and rapidly progressive disease characterised by the development of panuveitis and peripheral retinal lesions. These lesions can often be missed during a routine fundoscopic examination, making the early diagnosis of ARN a considerable challenge. This case report describes the utilisation of ultrawidefield (UWF) imaging in the early detection of peripheral lesions associated with ARN in a male patient in his late 60s, who presented with acute blurred vision and a documented history of herpes zoster ophthalmicus. During a comprehensive eye examination and UWF imaging, panuveitis and peripheral lesions were identified, eventually leading to a diagnosis of ARN. The early initiation of antiviral therapy led to a gradual clinical improvement over 3–4 months. The utilisation of serial UWF imaging played a critical role in the prompt diagnosis and effective monitoring of disease progression, thereby potentially improving the patient’s outcome.