bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Congenital Eyelid Anomalies: What General Physicians Need To Know
Authors: Al-Mujaini Abdullah , AL Yahyai Majda , Ganesh Anuradha
Published: July 2021

The eyelids are important structures that maintain the health of the ocular surface and have an important role in facial esthetics. Any interruption in eyelid development can lead to congenital eyelid deformities. Eyelid abnormalities in children may present at birth due to abnormal embryogenesis (congenital) or may occur at a later stage as the child matures (developmental). These abnormalities, in general, can be classified into three different categories depending on the location: malformation of the margins, malformation of the folds, and malformation of the position. Congenital and developmental eyelid abnormalities are among the most challenging problems encountered by ophthalmic reconstructive surgeons. Additional considerations include social factors regarding the patient’s self-awareness of their deformities and associated medical issues, which often coexist and maybe multisystem in nature. This article briefly reviews eyelid embryology, the most common congenital eyelid anomalies, and the management options available to address these conditions.
Motivação profissional na Educação Física adaptada
Authors: Scarpato Leonardo Cavalheiro , Fernandes Paula Teixeira , Almeida José Júlio Gavião de
Published: July 2021

A formação profissional em Educação Física Escolar Adaptada tem sido assunto debatido de maneira significativa. Assim, novas possibilidades de temas têm sido pensadas, como a motivação profissional. Este estudo tem como objetivo compreender aspectos motivacionais em Professores de Educação Física Escolar Adaptada, sob uma abordagem quali-quantitativa. Foram entrevistados, em 2019, oito professores da rede pública de ensino, com idade média de 44 anos (±11), que concluíram a graduação há 20 anos (±12) e que trabalhavam com crianças com deficiência nas aulas de Educação Física. Os resultados mostraram que, mesmo com a conclusão de cursos de graduação e especialização, a maioria está insatisfeita com sua formação, por conta da carência de oportunidades. Porém, a maioria, ainda está motivada para melhorar sua prática com cursos e capacitações. Assim, fica claro a importância de ampliar possibilidades acadêmicas e de formação para novas abordagens metodológicas na área das atividades físicas escolares adaptadas.
A Study On Release Rate From Tramadol HCl Loaded Microspheres Prepared By Using Different Polymers.
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutics, Sahyadri College of Pharmacy, Methwade, Sangola-413307, Solapur, Maharashtra, India., Bathe Ritesh , Mali Audumbar ,   Department of Pharmaceutics, Sahyadri College of Pharmacy, Methwade, Sangola-413307, Solapur, Maharashtra, India., Kale Sagar ,   Department of Pharmaceutics, Sahyadri College of Pharmacy, Methwade, Sangola-413307, Solapur, Maharashtra, India., Pande Jitendra ,   Department of Pharmaceutics, NRI Institute of Pharmacy, Raisen Road, Gopal Nagar, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Published: July 2021

Tramadol which is an opioid analgesic used to treat moderate to moderately severe pain act primarily by binding to the μ-opioid receptor and secondly by inhibiting the reactivity of norepinephrine and serotonin. The emulsion solvent evaporation method was used to encapsulate the polymers EC, HPMC K4M, and CAP, and characterization of formulations was performed. The microspheres obtained were white and spherical. The in vitro studies of the microspheres was performed using phosphate buffer of pH 6.8 at a temperature of 37 degrees Celsius and 100 rpm in 900ml USP basket type dissolution rate test apparatus for 8 hours and various parameters of the formulation were evaluated. Formulation F6 exhibited a higher yield and formulation of F3 entrapped maximum drug. The effect of the nature of polymer and polymer content was clearly visible on the drug release. The controlled release of the drug from the tramadol hydrochloride microsphere provides enhanced plasma drug content and higher bioavailability.
An innovation for flat traditional conventional footing
Authors:   Geotechnical Department, Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Ludhiana, 141006, India., Sharma Aakriti , Garg Dr. Prashant ,   Civil Engineering Department, Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Ludhiana, 141006, India., Singh Amandeep ,   Civil Engineering Department, Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Ludhiana, 141006, India.
Published: July 2021

Since their inception in the 1950s, shell foundations have grown in popularity over regular ones. In this paper, the ultimate load capacities of shell foundations on clay were determined by Numerical model tests. The results were compared with those for flat foundations with the same base. The model test results were found using finite element analysis using the program PLAXIS 2D. The experimental studies indicated that the ultimate load capacity of shell footing on clay is higher than that on flat-footing and the load settlement curves were significantly modified. The shell foundation over clay can be considered a good method to decrease the resulting settlement and material consumption at different thicknesses. Also, the rupture surface of the shell upright and inverted system was significantly deeper than both normal footings. The numerical analysis helps in understanding the deformation behavior of the studied systems and identifies the failure surface of upright and inverted shell footing.
Book Club Discussion: An Extensive Reading Program in Writing Class
Authors: Puspita Nurul , Hasyim Umar Alfaruq A.
Published: July 2021

Extensive reading was an approach when the readers read extensively. They read a lot of materials then get enjoyment in the process of reading. The purpose of this research was to describe the process of implementing extensive reading program by using book club discussion in writing class. This research was done on first semester of academic writing students. It was about 20 students. The result showed that the implementation of book club discussion did not only give positive trend to students’ reading ability but also their writing ability. Extensive reading program build students’ vocabulary and grammar. Furthermore, during the implementation of this program they learnt a lot about process of writing particularly in making a summary. Finally, extensive reading program made gain for students’ vocabulary, grammar, and writing.

Keywords: Exstensive Rading Program, Book Club Discussion, Writing Class
Results of the introduction of representatives of the family Ranunculaceae of the Russian Far East in the MBG RAS
Authors:   ООО ", Saakian Alexander ,   БАЛАНС ПРОФИ"
Published: July 2021

The results of long-term introduction of species of the family Ranunculaceae of the Russian Far East in the laboratory of natural flora of MBG are presented. The taxonomic composition, the duration of existence in culture and the stability of the samples in the given agro-climatic conditions are analyzed. The assessment of the feasibility of re-attraction to the collection is given. The analysis showed that for the period 1945-2020 84 species have been tested, which is 47% of the number of species of this family living in nature in the Russian Far East. An analysis of the species composition and resistance showed that one-biennials and perennials with a short life span, which require constant replanting, are unpromising. And also annuals and perennials, which do not reproduce in our conditions. Species that are resistant in our conditions and have lived in the collection for more than 20 years can be recommended for re-cultivation. Keywords: NATURAL FLORA, INTRODUCTION, RUSSIAN FAR EAST
The Identification of Microbial Pathogens Using Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight in Medical Intensive Care Unit Beni-Suef University Hospital
Authors: N. Mohamed Marwa , F. Azmy Ahmed , M. Fahmy Ehab , G. Elanany Mervat , M. Kamel Nesreen
Published: July 2021

Background: Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF)
is a novel technique for identification of microbes. This new method led to a new era in
microbial identification because of its rapid, accurate, valid, simple and relatively
decreased cost. Objectives: The aim of this study was identification of predominant
pathogens by MALDI-TOF technique. Methodology: Pathogens were identified by both
conventional methods and MALDI-TOF. Results: From July till December 2018,
predominant pathogens were Klebsiella pneumoniae (21%), Pseudomonas aeroguinosa
and Candida each constitutes (17%), E-coli (10%), Staph. aureus (9%), Acinetobacter
(9%). Identification of isolates (from September to December 2018) by MALDI-TOF
revealed a total agreement of (94.1%) with conventional method at genus level, (88.2%)
at level of species. Kappa agreement revealed almost perfect correlation between both
techniques. Conclusion: The MALDI-TOF results might suggest that its’ usage may be
dependable for microbiological identification.
Immune profile of peripheral blood T-lymphocyte subpopulations in chronic hepatitis B
Authors: E. Alrashidi Hanan , M. EL-Ageery Safaa , M. Fawzy Iman , M Arafa Mona , E. Farag Raghda , S. Abdelhafez Mona
Published: July 2021

Background: The role of immune response to chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection
is complex; and the specific T-cell response to this infection can determine the duration
and the extent of liver disease. Objective: This study aimed at assessing the profile of Tlymphocyte subpopulations in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients and its association
with HBV replication. Methodology: The case group included 50 CHB patients with
normal liver function tests (LFTs); and the control group included 50 age and sexmatched healthy individuals. The HBV markers, LFTs and serum viral load were
measured in cases. Blood CD4 and CD8 T-lymphocyte subpopulations and the
CD4/CD8 ratio were assessed in both groups by flow cytometry. Results: Our results
showed significantly higher CD8 T-cells; significantly lower CD3 and CD4 T-cells;
markedly reduced CD4/CD8 ratio in the cases as compared to the controls (P<0.001, for
all). This T-cell impairment was also significantly linked to HBeAg positivity and
elevated level of viraemia. The increased level of CD8 T-cells was significantly linked to
both the HBeAg positivity (P<0.001) and the elevated level of viraemia (P=0.005),
whereas the decreased levels of CD3, CD4 T-cells and CD4/CD8 ratio were significantly
linked to both HBeAg positivity (P<0.001, in all) and the elevated level of viraemia
(P<0.001, P=0.001& P=0.007, respectively). Conclusion: T-lymphocyte subpopulations
imbalance could be expected by measuring the serum HBVeAg and the viraemia level in
CHB patients exhibiting normal LFTs. These parameters are recommended to be
measured regularly for the cellular immune function assessment.
IMPACT OF LEPIDIUMS ATIVUM NANO-FORMULATION ON SOME BIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ACTIVITIES OF SCHISTOCERCA GREGARIA (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE)
Authors: Wahed Samira M. N. Abd-El , Youssef Dalia A. , Adel Manal M.
Published: July 2021

The effect of nano emulsions, of Garden Cress seed oil Lepidium sativum and its bulk form have been studied against some biological and biochemical aspects of 5th instar nymph of Schistocerca gregaria. Topical application of both nano and crude formulations of L. sativum in concentrations of 5 and 10% showed significant elongation of nymphal duration period. Mortality percentages increased as well as nymphal malformations and their unsuccessful molting when compared with control nymphs. Enzymatic activities seemed to be affected by both formulations. Butyryl cholinesterase activity increased significantly as a result of treatments after three days post treatment. Alkaline phosphatase activity increased significantly after 48 hours then decreased after 72 hours when compared with control nymphes. Total protein seemed to be not affected by treatments. Results proved that the topical application of L. sativum nano-formulation and its bulk form on the 5thnymphal instar of S. gregaria was novel and promised. The results should be taken into consideration for future research.
STRENGTHENING CHAIRMAN’S LEADERSHIP TO IMPROVE FARMERS GROUP EFFECTIVENESS
Authors: Maryani Ait , Kusnadi Dedy
Published: July 2021

The research aims to analyze descriptively the role of leadership, the effectiveness of farmer groups, group internal factors, and group external factors, and analyze the relationship between leadership roles, group internal factors, and group external factors with the effectiveness of farmer groups. The study was conducted in Garut Regency, West Java from June to November 2019. The study population was farmers who were members of farmer groups in the study area. The sample of 80 people was selected using a proportional random sampling technique. The research instrument has fulfilled the validity and reliability test. The research variables consist of farmer’s characteristics, external factors, the leadership of chairman, and group effectiveness. Farmer’s characteristics consist of education, land area, business experience, membership period, cosmopolitan behavior and motivation. Data analysis techniques used descriptive statistical analysis and Rank Spearman’s correlation test. The results of the study of the relationship between the leadership of the chairman with the effectiveness of farmer groups can be concluded that the majority of farmers (45.50%) are of medium age and between 35 years and 54 years. The formal education of farmers is mostly (48.75%) of junior high school graduates. The majority of land managed by farmers (40%) is narrow and less than 0.30 hectares. Most group members (53.75%) have business experience between 10 years and 25 years. Most group members (48.75%) have been members for more than 8 years. Cosmopolitan attitudes and motivations of the majority of farmers in the medium category. External factors of group members, leadership roles, and group effectiveness are in the medium category. The development of group effectiveness can be done through strengthening the chairman’s leadership, business experience, cosmopolitan behavior, motivation, and external factors of the group.
USE OF TRADITIONAL HERBS FOR THE FORMULATION OF HERBAL POWDERED SHAMPOOS AND THEIR EVALUATION
Authors: Madhusudhan M. , Rao M. Krishnaji , Radha , G.V. , Ganapathy S.
Published: July 2021

The objective of the present research work is to formulate herbal shampoo using traditional herbs like Peppermint; Lemon & Hibiscus extracts as a replacement to synthetic surfactants and carryout a comparative analysis using marketed products. Herbal shampoos formulation was carried out using peppermint, Lemon & Hibiscus extract powders at different concentrations. Formulated shampoos evaluated for organoleptic evaluation, powder characteristics, pH, dirt dispersion, detergency, cleaning action, foaming ability and its stability and conditioning performance. Design Expert Statistical software used to optimize the formulations and to understand main effects, interaction effects on the properties of shampoos. All the herbal powder shampoo formulations pH closer to the skin pH. The shampoos containing higher concentration of peppermint shown higher detergency, lemon as well as peppermint showed significant effect on the foaming capacity and cleaning action and similar to marketed formulations. Higher quantity of Hibiscus concentration shown better conditioning behaviour. The formulated shampoos were uniform, denser and stable similar as that of marketed shampoo. Based on the Design expert statistical evaluation of results, formulations containing 15% of Peppermint, 1% - 3% of Lemon and 12.5% – 14.5% of Hibiscus herbal powder shampoos shown better performance compared with marketed formulations. PS19, PS20 & PS21 formulations were selected as the best formulations based on physicochemical properties. The selected herbal powder shampoos has an excellent cleansing, detergency, conditioning and foaming effect, is suitable for regular hair and has acceptable pH and organoleptic stability characteristics.
Uncertainties of the development concept and approaches to their removal using the example of the U1 reservoirs of the Zapadno-Tarkosalinsky field
Authors: Andronov S. A. , Gorenkova E. A. , Ichuk D. A. , Maksimenko I. A.
Published: July 2021

The article presents the experience of implementation of the oil deposit development project for U1 reservoirs of the Zapadno-Tarkosalinsky oil and gas condensate field. Key features of geological structure and development parameters are considered, also the main problems and ways of their solution are revealed, as well as the obtained results of geological and hydrodynamic modeling and adaptation of models are presented.
Long-Term Atmospheric Emissions for the Coal Oil Point Natural Marine Hydrocarbon Seep Field, Offshore California
Authors: Leifer Ira , Melton Christopher , Blake Donald R.
Published: July 2021

Abstract. In this study, we present a novel approach for assessing nearshore seepage atmospheric emissions through modeling of air quality station data, specifically, a Gaussian plume inversion model. Three decades of air quality station meteorology and total hydrocarbon concentration, THC, data were analysed to study emissions from the Coal Oil Point marine seep field offshore California. THC in the seep field directions was significantly elevated and Gaussian with respect to wind direction, θ. An inversion model of the seep field anomaly, THC’(θ), derived atmospheric emissions. The model inversion is for the far field, which was satisfied by gridding the sonar seepage and treating each grid cell as a separate Gaussian plume. This assumption was validated by offshore in situ offshore data that showed major seep area plumes were Gaussian. Plume air sample THC was 85 % methane, CH4, and 20 % carbon dioxide, CO2, similar to seabed composition, demonstrating efficient vertical plume transport of dissolved seep gases. Air samples also measured atmospheric alkane plume composition. The inversion model used observed winds and derived the three-decade-average (1990–2021) field-wide atmospheric emissions of 83,500 ± 12,000 m3 THC day−1. Based on a 50:50 air to seawater partitioning, this implies seabed emissions of 167,000 m3 THC dy−1. Based on atmospheric plume composition, C1-C6 alkane emissions were 19, 1.3, 2.5, 2.2, 1.1, and 0.15 Gg yr−1, respectively. The approach can be extended to derive emissions from other dispersed sources such as landfills, industrial sites, or terrestrial seepage if source locations are constrained spatially.
High-resolution induced polarization imaging of biogeochemical carbon turnover hotspots in a peatland
Authors: Katona Timea , Gilfedder Benjamin Silas , Frei Sven , Bücker Matthias , Flores-Orozco Adrian
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Biogeochemical hotspots are defined as areas where biogeochemical processes
occur with anomalously high reaction rates relative to their surroundings.
Due to their importance in carbon and nutrient cycling, the characterization
of hotspots is critical for predicting carbon budgets accurately in the context of climate change. However, biogeochemical hotspots are difficult
to identify in the environment, as methods for in situ measurements often directly affect the sensitive redox-chemical conditions. Here, we present
imaging results of a geophysical survey using the non-invasive induced
polarization (IP) method to identify biogeochemical hotspots of carbon turnover in a minerotrophic wetland. To interpret the field-scale IP
signatures, geochemical analyses were performed on freeze-core samples
obtained in areas characterized by anomalously high and low IP responses.
Our results reveal large variations in the electrical response, with the
highest IP phase values (> 18 mrad) corresponding to high concentrations of phosphates (> 4000 µM), an indicator of
carbon turnover. Furthermore, we found a strong relationship between the
electrical properties resolved in IP images and the dissolved organic
carbon. Moreover, analysis of the freeze core reveals negligible
concentrations of iron sulfides. The extensive geochemical and geophysical
data presented in our study demonstrate that IP images can track small-scale changes in the biogeochemical activity in peat and can be used to
identify hotspots.
Wind Influences Corrected Auto-calibrated Soil Evapo-Respiration Chamber (ASERC), Evaporation Measures
Authors: Zawilski Bartosz
Published: July 2021

Abstract. The importance of the soil evaporation concerns our main life supports source for agriculture or for climate changes predictions science. A simple to operate instrument, based on non-steady state (NSS) technique, made for soil evaporation measurement appears then suitable. However, because the NSS chamber technique is highly invasive, special care should be provided to correct the wind influence on the evaporation process. As the wind influence on the evaporation is depending on numerous and not real-time monitorable variables, in order to make the measurements easily corrigible on a bare soil with a unique variable – wind speed (Ws), whatever is the soil nature, soil texture, and others soil or air meteorological variables – a self-calibrating chamber with corresponding protocol called Auto-calibrated Soil Evapo-Respiration Chamber (ASERC) was developed. A simple protocol followed by this chamber allows to determine the soil evaporation wind susceptibility (Z) and to correct the measurements achieving 0.95 accuracy confidence. Some interesting finding on sandy and clayey soils evaporation measured during a laboratory calibration will also be reported.
High-resolution stochastic downscaling method for ocean forecasting models and its application to the Red Sea dynamics
Authors: Shapiro Georgy I. , Gonzalez-Ondina Jose M. , Belokopytov Vladimir N.
Published: July 2021

Abstract. High-resolution modelling of a large ocean domain requires
significant computational resources. The main purpose of this study is to
develop an efficient tool for downscaling the lower-resolution data such as those available from Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS).
Common methods of downscaling CMEMS ocean models utilise their lower-resolution output as boundary conditions for local, higher-resolution
hydrodynamic ocean models. Such methods reveal greater details of spatial
distribution of ocean variables; however, they increase the cost of
computations and often reduce the model skill due to the so called “double
penalty” effect. This effect is a common problem for many high-resolution
models where predicted features are displaced in space or time. This paper
presents a stochastic–deterministic downscaling (SDD) method, which is an
efficient tool for downscaling of ocean models based on the combination of
deterministic and stochastic approaches. The ability of the SDD method is
first demonstrated in an idealised case when the true solution is known a
priori. Then the method is applied to create an operational Stochastic Model
of the Red Sea (SMORS), with the parent model being the Mercator Global Ocean
Analysis and Forecast System at 1/12∘ resolution. The stochastic
component of the model is data-driven rather than equation-driven, and it is
applied to the areas smaller than the Rossby radius, within which
distributions of ocean variables are more coherent than over a larger
distance. The method, based on objective analysis, is similar to what is
used for data assimilation in ocean models and stems from the philosophy of
2-D turbulence. SMORS produces finer-resolution (1/24∘
latitude mesh) oceanographic data using the output from a coarser-resolution
(1/12∘ mesh) parent model available from CMEMS. The values on
the fine-resolution mesh are computed under conditions of minimisation of the
cost function, which represents the error between the model and true
solution. SMORS has been validated against sea surface temperature
and ARGO float observations. Comparisons show that the model and
observations are in good agreement and SMORS is not subject to the “double
penalty” effect. SMORS is very fast to run on a typical desktop PC and can
be relocated to another area of the ocean.
Vertical stratification driven nutrient ratios to regulate phytoplankton community structure in the oligotrophic western Pacific Ocean
Authors: Chen Zhuo , Sun Jun , Gu Ting , Zhang Guicheng , Wei Yuqiu
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Vertical stratification determined the variability of temperature and nutrient distribution in upper seawater, thereby affecting the primary production of the ocean. Nutrients in the oligo-trophic region vary in time and space, and thus phytoplankton vary in their vertical distribution. However, the differences in the vertical distribution of phytoplankton have not been systematically studied. This study investigated the spatial distribution pattern and diversity of phytoplankton communities in the western Pacific Ocean (WPO) in the autumn of 2016, 2017 and 2018, as well as the local hydrological and nutritional status. The Utermöhl method was used to analyze the relevant ecological characteristics of phytoplankton in the surveyed sea area. In the three cruises investigated, we show universal relationships between phytoplankton and (1) vertical stratification, (2) N : P ratio (3) temperature and salinity. The potential influencing factors of physical and chemical parameters on phytoplankton abundance were analyzed by structural equation model (SEM), determining the vertical stratification index was the most important influence factor affecting phytoplankton abundance and indirectly on phytoplankton abundance by dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and Dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP). Vertical stratification determines the vertical distribution of the phytoplankton community structure in the WPO. The areas with strong vertical stratification (Group A and B) are more conducive to the growth of cyanobacteria, and the areas with weak vertical stratification (Group C and D) are more conducive to the bloom of diatoms and dinoflagellates.
Magma ascent mechanisms in the transition regime from solitary porosity waves to diapirism
Authors: Dohmen Janik , Schmeling Harro
Published: July 2021

Abstract. In partially molten regions inside the Earth, melt buoyancy may trigger
upwelling of both solid and fluid phases, i.e., diapirism. If the melt is
allowed to move separately with respect to the matrix, melt perturbations
may evolve into solitary porosity waves. While diapirs may form on a wide
range of scales, porosity waves are restricted to sizes of a few times the
compaction length. Thus, the size of a partially molten perturbation in
terms of compaction length controls whether material is dominantly
transported by porosity waves or by diapirism. We study the transition from
diapiric rise to solitary porosity waves by solving the two-phase flow
equations of conservation of mass and momentum in 2D with porosity-dependent
matrix viscosity. We systematically vary the initial size of a porosity
perturbation from 1.8 to 120 times the compaction length. If the perturbation is of the order of a few compaction lengths, a single
solitary wave will emerge, either with a positive or negative vertical
matrix flux. If melt is not allowed to move separately to the matrix a
diapir will emerge. In between these end members we observe a regime where
the partially molten perturbation will split up into numerous solitary
waves, whose phase velocity is so low compared to the Stokes velocity that
the whole swarm of waves will ascend jointly as a diapir, just slowly
elongating due to a higher amplitude main solitary wave. Only if the melt is not allowed to move separately to the matrix will no solitary
waves build up, but as soon as two-phase flow is enabled solitary waves
will eventually emerge. The required time to build them up increases
nonlinearly with the perturbation radius in terms of compaction length and
might be too long to allow for them in nature in many cases.
Rewriting the bereaved self: The role of narrative in rebuilding the self and constructing meaning following the loss of one’s spouse
Authors: Den Elzen Katrin
Published: July 2021

Losing one’s spouse is one of the most difficult experiences we can face in life. It typically contests our sense of self, requiring the bereaved to rebuild the self. Narrative is well suited to facilitate identity reconstruction following grief. This paper posits that further research is needed into the specific narrative processes that facilitate recovery from grief in autobiographical writing. It intends to contribute to this gap in knowledge by linking bereavement theory with narrative theory in a textual analysis of the grief memoir To have and to hold (1997) by Walter Mikac, co-written by Lindsay Simpson.

Through the close reading of To have and to hold and my own autobiographical writing this paper analyses the specific ways in which identity reconstruction takes place in the text, in particular narrative structure and metaphor. In accord with contemporary grief theory as espoused by Robert Neimeyer it argues for the importance of meaning making in the reconstruction of the self following bereavement, especially in the case of premature and sudden loss. In its analysis of Mikac’s meaning making in the text, it employs Neimeyer’s theory of meaning construction which posits that meaning can be found either in the life of the survivor or in the loss itself. Lastly, I draw observations about my personal experience as a postgraduate student writing a grief memoir and discuss how the symbiosis of being both author and academic researching bereavement has contributed to my own identity reconstruction.
En el Centenario del nacimiento de Luis Sánchez Belda (1920-1984)
Authors: De la Cruz Herranz Luis Miguel
Published: July 2021

Luis Sánchez Belda ha sido uno de los archiveros más importantes e influyentes en la profesión en tiempos recientes. Llegado muy pronto al Archivo Histórico Nacional, en 1946, desarrolló en este centro una importante y continuada labor hasta su fallecimiento en 1984, cuya dirección ostentó desde 1955. Los años 1968-1977 supusieron un paréntesis al ser nombrado Director General de Archivos y Bibliotecas, entre cuyos principales logros hay que destacar la creación del Archivo General de la Administración en Alcalá de Henares (1969). Sus aportaciones a la archivística fueron notables, llamando la atención sobre las novedades que se estaban produciendo fuera de nuestras fronteras, especialmente en los campos de la conservación y restauración de documentos, edificios de archivos, microfilm y bibliografía archivística.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on orthopedic fracture characteristics in three hospitals in Turkey: A multi-center epidemiological study
Authors: Oguzkaya Sinan , Misir Abdulhamit , Ozcamdalli Mustafa , Eken Gokay , Bilge Kizkapan Turan , Bilal Kurk Muhammed , Uzun Erdal
Published: July 2021

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of novel coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) on the epidemiological characteristics of orthopedic fractures.

Patients and methods: A total of 2,960 patients (1,755 males, 1,205 females; mean age: 39.6 years; range, 1 to 98 years) with orthopedic fractures were included in the study: 552 patients during the pandemic period (March 10th and July 1st, 2020) and 1,158 control patients in the same period 2019 and 1,250 control patients in 2018. Epidemiological characteristics, injury mechanisms, fracture locations and treatment details of the patients were analyzed and compared between 2018, 2019 and 2020 for adult and pediatric populations.

Results: Of a total of 552 patients, 485 were adults and 67 were pediatric patients. In the control groups, of 1,158 patients (2019), 770 were adults and 378 were pediatric patients and, of 1,250 patients (2018), 857 were adults and 393 were pediatric patients. The proportion of proximal femur and hand fractures significantly increased during the pandemic period (p=0.025 and p=0.038, respectively). The most frequent surgical indication in the pandemic period was proximal femoral fracture. The proportion of home accidents as an injury mechanism significantly increased in the pandemic period compared to 2018 and 2019 (48.5% vs. 18.6% and 20.6%, respectively; p=0.000). The proportion of female pediatric patients significantly increased during the pandemic period compared to 2018 and 2019 (44.8% vs. 25.4% and 27.2%, respectively, p=0.004). The proportion of forearm fractures (p=0.001) also increased, and the proportion of tibia-fibula fractures (p=0.03) decreased. The most frequent surgical indication in pediatric patients was distal humeral fracture in both groups.

Conclusion: During the pandemic period, proximal femoral fractures in the elderly remained a concern. In-home preventative strategies may be beneficial to reduce the incidence of hip fractures in the elderly.
Correlation of postoperative magnetic resonance image measurements with persisting acetabular dysplasia in open reduction of developmental hip dysplasia
Authors: Onaç Osman , Alpay Yakup , Yapıcı Furkan , İlhan Bayhan Avni
Published: July 2021

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate correlation of post-reduction magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based parameters with residual acetabular dysplasia in developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) patients who underwent open reduction.

Patients and methods: A total of 62 hips of 54 children (5 males, 57 females; mean age: 8.5±3.5 months; range, 0 to 24 months) with a diagnosis of DDH who underwent open reduction between January 2012 and January 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The acetabular head index (AHI), head coverage index (HCI), sphericity, bony acetabular index (BAI), cartilage acetabular index (CAI), anterior acetabular index (AAI), posterior acetabular index (PAI), abduction angle (AA), and acetabular medial wall thickness were measured by MRI. The correlation between MRI measurements and residual acetabular dysplasia was evaluated.

Results: The mean follow-up was 23.7±10.1 (range, 12 to 56) months. The mean age at the final examination was 47.6±10.4 months. The age at the time of operation (r=0.250, p=0.049), medial wall thickness (r=0.304, p=0.016), AAI (r=0.729, p<0.001), PAI (r=0.590, p<0.001), and early postoperative AI (r=0.900, p<0.001) at the third postoperative month were positively correlated with the last follow-up AI. The AHI (r=-0.512, p<0.001), sphericity (r=-0,661, p<0.001), and HCI (r=-0.554, p< 0.001) were negatively correlated with the last follow-up AI.

Conclusion: Post-reduction MRI parameters can be used to evaluate correlation with persistent acetabular dysplasia in DDH patients.
Lack of association between MMP13 (rs3819089), ADAM12 (rs3740199-rs1871054) and ADAMTS14 (rs4747096) genotypes and advanced-stage knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Haberal Bahtiyar , Kaya Şimşek Ekin , Pınar Baysan Çebi Hatice , Tuç Özer , Verdi Hasibe , Belgin Ataç Fatma
Published: July 2021

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between MMP13 rs3819089, ADAM12 rs3740199 and rs1871054, and ADAMTS14 rs4747096 genotypes in patients with radiologically diagnosed knee osteoarthritis (OA).

Patients and methods: A total of 300 patients (68 males, 232 females; mean age: 61.6 years; range, 25 to 89 years) who were admitted to the orthopedics and traumatology clinic and diagnosed with knee OA according to the 2000 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria between October 2018 and March 2019 were prospectively analyzed. Patients with Grades III-IV OA according to the Kellgren- Lawrence (K-L) grading system were included in the patient group (n=150) and those without radiological features of knee OA (K-L Grades I-II) were included in the control group (n=150) voluntarily. The presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the targeted genes in both groups was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction in the peripheral blood sample.

Results: The most common nucleotides in both the control and patient groups were CG for rs3740199 and CT for rs1871054 in the ADAM12 gene, and the most common nucleotides in alleles were GG for MMP13 rs3819089 and AA for ADAMTS14 rs4747096. No statistically significant relationship was detected between the gene polymorphisms and advanced OA.

Conclusion: The study results suggest that ADAM12 rs3740199 and rs1871054, MMP13 rs3819089, and ADAMTS14 rs4747096 polymorphisms have no relationship with knee OA susceptibility in the Turkish population. However, as this is the first study to investigate the relationship between the SNPs of ADAM12, ADAMTS14, and MMP13 genes and the development of OA in the Turkish population, it would contribute to our understanding of the molecular bases of OA.
The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on orthopedic surgeries in a tertiary referral center
Authors: Kamacı Saygın , Göker Barlas , Çağlar Ömür , Atilla Bülent , Tokgözoğlu A. Mazhar
Published: July 2021

Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the novel coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the operational trends in the orthopedic surgery department of a tertiary referral center.

Patients and methods: A total of 305 orthopedic surgical procedures in 245 patients (136 males, 109 females; mean age: 34±26.6 years; range, 0 to 91 years) between March 16th and June 27th, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The same period of the year before including 860 procedures in 783 patients (364 males, 419 females; mean age: 33.6±25.8 years; range, 0 to 95 years) was also reviewed as a pre-pandemic control group. Patient demographics, surgical indications, COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test status, method of anesthesia, surgical subspecialties (trauma, sports, etc.), trauma mechanisms, and surgical priorities were evaluated. The pandemic and the pre- pandemic periods were compared.

Results: The rate of elective surgeries decreased compared to the previous year, and priority C type surgeries had the highest frequency (42.5%). Orthopedic trauma was the leading subspecialty with 91 (29.8%) cases and had a higher share, compared to the pre-pandemic period (17.0%). Hip fractures (18.7%) were the most common cause of trauma surgery, and simple falls (42.3%) composed the largest group of trauma mechanisms, which was similar to the pre-pandemic period (hip fractures, 13.6%; simple falls, 42.5%). The distribution of surgical urgency levels and subspecialties differed significantly between the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods (p<0.001). Post- hoc analysis of subspecialty distribution revealed a significant decrease in arthroplasty (p=0.002) and hand surgery (p<0.001), and a significant increase in trauma (p<0.001) and the “other” category (p<0.001).

Conclusion: Our experience in a tertiary referral center illustrated a shift toward performing emergent and urgent surgeries, when the severity of the outbreak increased. Prioritizing surgical urgencies during the outbreak changed the orthopedic surgery practice with an emphasis on trauma and oncology surgeries. Hip fractures were the most common cause of trauma surgery, and simple falls composed the largest group of trauma mechanisms.
Treating surgical site infection following posterior instrumentation with free-style deepithelialized propeller flap: A case report
Authors: Datlı Aslı , Karasoy İsmail , Zeynal Mete
Published: July 2021

Surgical site infection is a challenging situation for all types of surgeons. Extensive debridement with or without implant removal can create soft tissue defects. A well-vascularized, adequate soft tissue is needed to cover the wound and to fill the dead space for proper healing. Herein, we describe our approach to a large posterior trunk defect with dead space and our solution to manage an intraoperative complication using a free-style deepithelialized propeller flap.
QUALITY OF LIFE AND FORMATION OF CONTEMPORARY LIFE MEANINGFUL VALUES
Authors:   Academy of Public Administration, Republic of Moldova, Zelenschi Angela
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the representations of the quality of life in various fields of sociohumanistic sciences, influenced by the dynamics and evolution of such disciplines. The article tackles the quality of life as a mechanism of social development, whereas the formation of values in the organizational environment is analyzed throughout its contribution to the development of human potential and the achievement of the organizational mission, both requiring standards of quality. The philosophical analysis of the essence and content of the quality of life category offered the possibility to reveal its ontological, axiological and ethical aspects.
EFFICIENCY AND EFFECTIVENESS OF PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS - INSTRUMENT FOR GOOD GOVERNANCE OF LOCAL COMMUNITIES
Authors:   Academy of Public Administration, Republic of Moldova, Baxan Oleg
Published: July 2021

This article examines the concept of efficiency in the public sector to create stable and predictable institutions, but also flexible enough to respond to the many social challenges, able to introduce new solutions and provide better services. Investments in human capital and public sector tools aim at more efficient organizational processes, modern management, motivated and qualified civil servants and of course the capacity building of institutions.
MEDICAL TOURISM: WORLD TRENDS AND DOMESTIC DEVELOPMENT PRIORITIES
Authors:   National Academy of Public Administration, Ukraine, Psarova Olha
Published: July 2021

Medical tourism is a rapidly growing industry on a global scale. There is a growing tendency for citizens of more developed countries to seek medical services in developing countries. This is connected not only with the pricing policy, which is more loyal, but also with the insurance system, with the presence of waiting lists, with the legislative framework, and religion. The high level of service delivery and the competitiveness of the state is the result of an effective state policy. The article gives the definition of the concept, the terminology of medical tourism, considers the types and directions of medical tourism development, the legislative framework of Ukraine for the provision of certain types of medical services. Risks and negative sides, problems faced by tourists, global challenges of the industry and prospects for overcoming them are considered.
THE NEW AND THE OLD IN THE FILM INDUSTRY: CINEMA, TECHNOLOGY AND NEO-VIEWERS. AN ANTHROPOLOGICAL LOOK AT THE NEW CINEMA.
Authors: Martínez Oya Guillem
Published: July 2021

Since its invention, the cinema art and industry has drawn a lot of attention from people of all sectors. It is nowadays a mass phenomenon reaching a very large audience, which has increased even more due to the proliferation of screens resulting from technological advances. As a result, going to the movie theatre has become simply an option among others. This investigation searches into what motivates the current spectator to watch films and the way in which cinema interacts with the viewer, projecting the cinematographic arts beyond the screen. In short, the research characterises the current spectator within the values and the context around him and uses an anthropological methodology to describe how the new spectator lives the cinema and the way in which the old structures and the new ones interact in our hyperconnected world. The main objective of the research is to approach generally the concept of film viewer in our times.
The Shifting Sands of Happiness
Authors: Johnson Kirk , Garrido Heather , Gordon Alyssa , Perez Artemia , Uncango Amber
Published: July 2021

Makalah ini berpendapat bahwa dorongan kekuatan kapitalisme di dunia modern dan gagasan bahwa kemakmuran dan kesuksesan terkait erat dengan pasar, pada dasarnya bertentangan dengan nilai-nilai dan tradisi budaya asli. Dengan fokus penelitian pada dua masyarakat pulau yaitu Guam dan Bali, kami menggali bagaimana kekuatan materialisme dan globalisasi modern yang didorong oleh filosofi individualisme, telah menantang budaya tradisional untuk melihat lebih dalam dan menemukan cara kreatif untuk mempertahankan nilai, pandangan hidup dan interaksi mereka tapi dengan tetap mengikuti kemajuan dunia modern. Penelitian ini menggali konsep “object of desire” atau “objek keinginan” dari perspektif dua budaya tersebut yaitu Chamoru dan Bali. Melalui wawancara mendalam yang dilakukan di Guam (Mikronesia) dan Bali (Indonesia) dengan para tokoh budaya, organisasi masyarakat, praktisi pembangunan dan seniman, kami belajar bagaimana masyarakat adat memahami dunia dan apa yang penting dalam hidup mereka, serta alat praktis apa yang digunakan untuk mengajar generasi berikutnya tentang di mana sumber kebahagiaan dan kepuasan sejati berada. Temuan kami menawarkan wawasan dan pemahaman yang bermanfaat bagi masyarakat global yang semakin hari menyadari bahwa penekanan pada pasar saat ini sebagai sumber kebahagiaan, tidaklah berkelanjutan dan bahwa pada kenyataannya penekanan ini malah menjadi penyebab begitu banyak penderitaan dan eksploitasi di dunia saat ini. Banyak jawaban atas tantangan yang kita hadapi saat ini baik.
ANALISIS RETURN ON INVESTMENT (ROI) UNTUK MENILAI KINERJA KEUANGAN PADA PT. MITRA INVESTINDO, Tbk.
Authors: Hardiansyah Dedy , Nurhayati Nurhayati
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study is to find out how much Return On Investment (ROI) is to assess the financial performance of PT Mitra Investindo, Tbk. This type of quantitative descriptive research uses secondary data. Data collection techniques are documentation and literature study. Research population for 22 years from the start of listing on the Indonesia Stock Exchange 1997-2019. Then a sample of 10 years from 2010-2019 with purposive sampling technique. The data analysis technique used statistical analysis with a one-sample t-test. The results showed that the Return On Investment (ROI) to assess the financial performance of      PT Mitra Investindo, Tbk was in a bad condition because it was less than 30% of the expected.
PENGARUH KARAKTER SPIRITUAL TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS SANTRI
Authors: Maudiani Devi , Ismaulina Ismaulina
Published: July 2021

This study aims to determine whether there is an effect of spiritual character on the productivity of students in the Bank Indonesia Islamic Boarding School Economic Independence Development Program at the Darul 'Ulum Al-Munawwarah Islamic Boarding School, Lhok Mon Puteh / Blang Pohroh, Cunda, Lhokseumawe City. This study uses a quantitative method with an associative approach. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires with a sample of 25 respondents. To analyze the data using an analysis tool, namely SPSS version 22. The method of analysis used validity and reliability tests, normality test, simple linear regression test and hypothesis testing. The results showed that the t-test results of the spiritual character variable (x) had a positive effect on the productivity of the students (y) as evidenced by the t-count value greater than the t-table with a significance that was smaller than the determined significance. Economic Independence Development Program of the Bank Indonesia Islamic Boarding School at the Darul 'Ulum Al-Munawwarah Islamic Boarding School in Lhok Mon Puteh / Blang Pohroh, Cunda, Lhokseumawe City..
PENGARUH DANA PIHAK KETIGA, BIAYA OPERASIONAL, BI RATE, DAN INFLASI PADA PENDAPATAN MARGIN MURABAHAH
Authors: Mustikawati Yuli , Fikri Muhammad Ali
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of third party funds, operational costs, BI rate and inflation on murabahah margins income of Islamic commercial banks in Indonesia. This research data uses secondary data in the form of quarterly financial reports of Islamic commercial banks in 2015-2019. The total population used was 14 Islamic commercial banks registered with the Financial Services Authority during the 2015–2019 period. Sampling using purposive sampling technique and data processing using the Eviews 9 application. Results: First, third party funds have a positive effect on murabahah margin income. Second, operating costs have a positive effect on murabahah margin income. Third, the BI rate has a negative effect on murabahah margin income. Fourth, inflation has a positive effect on murabaha margin income.