bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peningkatan Kesadaran Hukum dalam Pemenuhan dan Perlindungan Hak-Hak Perempuan dan Anak di Kabupaten Kebumen
Authors: Amnesti Sheila Kusuma Wardani , Indrawati Septi
Published: January 2021

Perempuan dan anak saat ini masih menjadi kelompok masyarakat yang tertinggal di berbagai aspek pembangunan serta pemenuhan hak-hak asasi pada umumnya, seringkali kelompok perempuan dan anak rentan terhadap pelanggaran hak-hak asasinya. Berdasarkan data pada tahun 2018 tercatat sebanyak 195 kasus kekerasan fisik maupun seksual terhadap perempuan dan anak di Indonesia. Pengaduan kasus kekerasan terhadap perempuan meningkat sekitar 14% dari tahun sebelumnya. Pada tahun 2019 meningkat setidaknya 236 kasus yang sudah ditangani oleh Mabes Polri, dimana sebanyak 50% dari keseluruhan kasus sudah ditangani secara tuntas oleh Polri, Adanya unit Perlindungan Perempuan dan Anak di Badan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Desa (Bapermades) khususnya di Kabupaten Kebumen diharapkan mampu menekan angka kekerasan terhadap perempuan dan anak-anak. Di sisi lain kampus sebagai wahana akademisi juga berperan serta dalam mengedukasi terwujudnya perlindungan dan pemenuhan hak-hak perempuan dan anak-anak, serta mengupayakan advokasi terhadap para korban kekerasan perempuan dan anak-anak. Pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan pemenuhan dan perlindungan  hak-hak perempuan dan anak di depan hukum. Harapan dengan adanya penyuluhan dan pendampingan tersebut, perempuan dan anak-anak memiliki pengetahuan mengenai cara-cara menyelesaikan kasus kekerasan baik fisik, non fisik kepada unit terkait khususnya unit perlindungan perempuan dan anak di depan hukum. Penyuluhan perlindungan dan pemenuhan hak-hak perempuan dan anak ini akan dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari 2020.
INFLUENCE OF FACTORS ON THE FORMATION OF BANK RESOURCES
Authors: Peregudova T.A. , Belyaeva A.A.
Published: January 2021

Considering the modern banking system, as a criterion for determining whether individual elements belong to it (the institutional aspect), we will take the relationship not only with banking operations (banking in the narrow sense), but also with banking in General (in the broad sense). In view of the fact that banking activities mediate money turnover, which is one of the main elements of the economy, this activity, unlike other types of activities, is subject to particularly enhanced regulation and control by the state in order to ensure economic stability. Banking regulation is important to consider.
SOME ISSUES OF LAW-CREATIVE TECHNOLOGY IN LABOR LAW
Authors: Pupkova A.V.
Published: January 2021

The article deals with issues related to the use of the principles of rule-making techniques in labor law. The author dwells in more detail on the issue of the content and features of law enforcement techniques in labor law. The article also shows some ways to solve the current problems in this area.
TO THE HISTORY OF THE MOTION OF THE NAME. MODERN VENDORS IN THE NAME OF GOD IN NON-CANONIC ORTHODOX JURISDICTIONS
Authors: Bochkov P.V.
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to imyaslavia - a religious and mystical movement in the Russian Orthodox Church, which, having arisen due to theological disputes, soon opposed itself to the canonical Church and left it. The work also examines the figures of modern non-canonical Orthodoxy, who consider themselves the ideological and spiritual successors of the Imiaslavites of the first half of the twentieth century.
Innovations in Israel’s Civics Textbooks
Authors: Ben-Rafael Galanti Sigal , Carmel Paz , Levkowitz Alon
Published: January 2021

Classic Western democracies (those of Western Europe and the Anglophone world) view the teaching of civics as a policy instrument through which liberal values, democracy, and even globalization are introduced to future citizens, thus expecting to assure the persistence of democracy. In present-day democracies in general, and mainly in non-Western democracies, however, civics assumes other forms, including the study of nationalism. This article analyzes innovations in the teaching of civics in Israel by examining the changes in school textbooks that accompany changing national leaderships. We highlight the current Israeli high school civics textbook, written under a significantly rightist-religious government. Assuming that civics textbooks express the political credo of ruling elites, our findings suggest similarities between trends in Israel and non-Western democracies, hinting at the fragility of democratization in general and chiefly outside the West.
Innovation in Protest Strategies of Ethiopian Immigrants’ Organizations in Israel
Authors: Binhas Adi
Published: January 2021

Since the 1990s, organizations formed by Israelis of Ethiopian origin (IEO) have criticized the government’s policy toward them. This article deals with the development of, and innovation in, those organizations’ activities. Our research question looks at the elements of innovation that helped these organizations improve the effectiveness of their work with the government and in the public sphere. We base our study on interviews with IEO activists who participated in the community’s protests in the 1990s, 2015, and 2020. Our theoretical overview incorporates a global perspective on innovation in policymaking and the effects of NGO networks on government policy. The article describes the development and innovation of NGOs in Israel alongside similar cases in other countries.
Historiography in the Ancient Israel and the Scribes of the King Hezekiah
Authors: Выдрин Андрей
Published: January 2021

В настоящей статье анализируются теории о времени возникновения и специфике небиблейской письменности в Древнем Израиле. При этом основное внимание уделяется попытке обнаружить письменные предания, вошедшие и ставшие основой для написания 1-4 Цар. Несмотря на многообразные и зачастую противоречивые теории библейских критиков, рассмотренных в данной работе, есть все основания полагать, что древнеизраильская литература появилась, по крайней мере, при царях Давиде и Соломоне; второй этап её развития был связан с деятельностью иудейского царя Езекии.

In the present article analyzes theories about the time of the occurrence and the specifics of non-biblical writing in the Ancient Israel. At the same time, the main attention is paid to the attempt to discover the written traditions that entered and became the basis for writing 1-4 Kings. Despite the diverse and often contradictory theories of biblical critics examined in this work, there is all reason to suppose that the Ancient Israel’ literature appeared, at least during the kings David and Solomon; the second stage of its development was associated with the activities of the Jewish king Hezekiah.
Healing of the Arsenite Schism in 1310 and St. Athanasios I, Patriarch of Constantinople
Authors: Вишняк Михаил Андреевич
Published: January 2021

Статья посвящена отношению патриарха свт. Афанасия I Константинопольского (1289-1293; 1303-1309) к соглашению 1310 г., завершившему собой арсенитский раскол (1265-1310). Рассматриваются взгляды патриарха Афанасия на способы примирения, выраженные им до своего второго отречения от патриаршества (1309 г.), главной идеей которых является истинное покаяние раскольников, выражающееся, в частности, в отказе от личных выгод. Возможно, что патриарх Афанасий узнал о планах императора Андроника II пойти на компромисс с арсенитами и написал ему два письма об этом, в которых он пытается переубедить императора. Для понимания причин неприятия мира предлагается обратиться к понятию φρόνημα (мудрование) на основании сопоставления употребления этого понятия у свт. Афанасия и в антиарсенитских проповедях свт. Феолипта Филадельфийского. Одним из возможных мотивов неприятия мира 1310 г. этими двумя иерархами могло стать нарушение формулы свт. Феолипта «Одна вера - одно мудрование (φρόνημα) - одна Церковь».

In this article, the A. studies the attitude of Patriarch St. Athanasius I of Constantinople (1289-1293; 1303-1309) to the agreement of 1310, which ended the Arsenite schism (1265-1310). The A. treats the views of Patriarch Athanasius on ways of reconciliation, expressed by him before his second renunciation of the patriarchate (1309), whose main idea is the true repentance of schismatics, expressed, in particular, in the rejection of personal benefits. It is possible that Patriarch Athanasius found out about the plans of Emperor Andronicus II to compromise with the Arsenites and wrote him two letters about this, in which he tries to over-persuade the Emperor. To understand the reasons for the rejection of the reconciliation, the A. propose to refer to the concept of φρόνημα («way of thinking») on the basis of a comparison of the use of this concept by St. Athanasius and in the anti-Arsenite sermons of St. Theoleptos of Philadelphia. One of the possible reasons for the rejection of the reconciliation of 1310 by these two hierarchs could be a violation of the formula of St. Theoleptos «One Faith - One way of thinking (φρόνημα) - One Church».
Divine Activities as an Accident in the Palamite Doctrine: Meaning,Historical Context, and the Context of Ideas on the Nature of Theological Language
Authors: Бирюков Дмитрий Сергеевич
Published: January 2021

Перед свт. Григорием Паламой в ходе паламитских споров встал вопрос о том, как в рамках его учения совместить положение отом,что всё относящееся к области Божественного (включая Божественные энергии), должно быть неизменным, и положение, по которому Бог действует/энергирует, сообразуясь со временем в отношении к тварному миру. На этом фоне в сочинениях Паламы и его соратника Давида Дисипата возникли полемические рассуждения о возможности именования Божественных энергий «привходящим». У свт. Григория наблюдается движение к уточнению понятия «привходящего» при обсуждении возможности его приложения к Божественным энергиям: речь должна идти о неотделимом привходящем. Но даже в этом случае, по Паламе, привходящее, взятое в собственном смысле этого понятия, не приложимо к Богу (Божественным энергиям), хотя в церковной традиции оно к Богу прилагалось. Для Паламы разрешение этого напряжения состоит в том, что понятие «привходящего» бралось в церковной традиции в несобственном смысле. Позиция Дисипата в этом отношении несколько иная: следуя подходу свт. Кирилла Александрийского, он говорит о возможности приложения понятия «привходящего» к Божественным энергиям без специальных оговорок, но имея в виду фундаментальную ограниченность любых высказываний человеческого языка о Боге горизонтом человеческой природы.

St. Gregory Palamas has faced a problem of compatibility of two theological provisions within his doctrine based on distinction in God of substance and non-created activities: these are, firstly, that God is unalterable, and, secondly, that He acts accordingly with the time in relation to the created world, in particular, having made the created being. This background caused polemical argumentations on possibility of signifying the divine activities as accident. We see that Palamas is moving towards a more detailed notion of accidental while considering its applicability to divine activities: this is the moving to the notion of inseparable accident. But even in this sense, the accident, compliant to Palamas, must not be attributed to God and divine activities, though the Church tradition used to do this. Palamas finds a solution of this tension by pointing out that the notion of accident was used by the Church tradition in an improper sense. Meanwhile, his associate David Dishypatus takes a more subtle position: he admits a possibility to apply the notion of accident to the divine activities, but minding core restrictions of the human language, which speaks of God only within the horizon of human nature.
‘He Will Transcend His Own Nature’. The Theme of Self-Conversion of the Intellect in the «Logos on Saint Peter of Athos» by St. Gregory Palamas and in Enneades V.3
Authors: Щукин Тимур Аркадьевич
Published: January 2021

В самом раннем сочинении свт. Григория Паламы «Слово на житие преподобного Петра Афонского» содержится пассаж, описывающий процесс самопознания подвижника: его ум сначала обращается к самому себе, освободившись от всего чувственного и страстного, а затем выходит за пределы собственной природы, чтобы созерцать Бога и соединиться с Ним. Иоанн Полемис в статье 2016 г. обратил внимание, что происхождение очевидно неоплатонической лексики и концептуального аппарата данного пассажа можно объяснить только прямым или косвенным знакомством свт. Григория Паламы с сочинениями Плотина. В данной статье предпринимается попытка, в развитие наблюдений Полемиса, идентифицировать трактат Плотина, на который опирается в своих рассуждениях свт. Григорий Палама. Автор статьи стремится показать, что основатель исихазма, перерабатывая некоторые пассажи En. V, 3, в определённых аспектах следует в русле мысли Плотина, но по самым существенным пунктам расходится с ним, и утверждает, что следствием самообращения ума является не обретение им природных границ, как полагал Плотин, а преодоление их в бесконечном приближении к Богу. В статье высказано предположение, что в «Слове» Палама полемизировал с мыслителями-гуманистами, находившихся под влиянием Плотина, в частности, с Никифором Григорой.

In the earliest work of Gregory Palamas, the «Logos on Saint Peter of Athos», there is a passage describing the process of self-knowledge of the ascetic: his mind first turns to itself, freed from all sensual and passionate, and then goes beyond its own nature to contemplate God and connect with Him. In his article on this topic Ioannis Polemis has pointed out that the origin of the obviously Neoplatonic vocabulary and conceptual apparatus of this passage can only be explained by the direct or indirect acquaintance of St. Gregory Palamas with the works of Plotinus. In this article an attempt is made, in the development of Polemis ‘ observations, to identify the Plotinus’ treatise, on which the monk Gregory Palamas relies in his reasoning. The author aims to demonstrate that the founder of Hesychasm, using and modifying some passages of Enneades V, 3, follows in line with the thoughts of the Plotinus in some aspects, but disagrees with him in key points points and argues that the result of intellect self-conversion is not the acquisition of natural boundaries, as Plotinus insists, but overcoming them in an endless striving to God. The article brings up the reasons what Gregory Palamas argued with humanist thinkers who were under the influence of Plotinus, in particular, with Nicephorus Gregoras.
Theological and Pragmatic Aspects of the Divine Gift of Discernment in the Epistles of St. Paul
Authors: Артюшин Филофей
Published: January 2021

Среди новозаветных писаний послания ап. Павла являются глубочайшим богословским источником для разработки библейского учения «о рассудительности (διάκρισις)». Благодаря разнообразию и чередованию греческих терминов, обозначающих этот духовный и одновременно культурный феномен, проясняется прагматический замысел Апостола, постоянно имеющего в виду «тайну» Божию (μυστήριον), явленную во Христе. «Евангелие» ап. Павла сосредотачивается на неизъяснимости плана Божия, то есть на апофатическом измерении рассудительности, а также на необычайной открытости этого плана в апокалиптическом контексте, на фоне которого рельефно выступают такие важные темы, как человеческая ответственность, бодрствование, стойкость, разделения (κρίσις). Между этими двумя полюсами (имманентность и трансцендентность, «уже» и «ещё нет») вращается диалектика рассудительности. Дар, а вместе с ним и искусство рассудительности в синтетическом виде заключаются в русской иконографии «Троицы Живоначальной» прп. Андрея Рублёва. В духовном богатстве и богословской глубине этого образа звучит призыв к укреплению братских взаимоотношений между христианами и раскрывается глубинное содержание суда Божия, заключающегося в троической любви Бога к человеку.

Among the New Testament writings the Epistles of St. Paul serve as the deepest theological source for elaborating the biblical doctrine of «discernment» (διάκρισις). Due to the variety and interrelation of the Greek terms representing this spiritual as well as cultural phenomenon, pragmatic intention of the Apostle is clear. Referring an appeal directly to the man, he constantly has in mind the mystery of God (μυστήριον), that was revealed in Christ. The «Gospel» of St. Paul focuses properly on an unexplicability of Godʼs plan: i.e. on the apophatic dimension of discernment as well as on an extreme openness of this plan in the apocalyptic context. On this background such important themes are stressed as: human responsibility, vigilance, perseverance, divisions (κρίσις). Between these two poles (immanence and transcendence, «already» and «not yet») dialectics of discernment is developing. The gift as well as the art of discernment is condensed in the Russian iconography of the «Holy Trinity» of Andrej Rublev. Within spiritual richness of this unique image resounds an appeal to strengthen brotherly relationships among Christians. It also discloses a deep dimension of the Godʼs judgment whose essence is expressed by the Trinitarian love of God towards a man.
From Mariology to Tritheism. On Some Possible Late Byzantine Parallels to Leontius’ of Byzantium and John Philoponus’ Ideas (Theophanes of Nicaea, John XI Veccus, Georges Moskhambar). Part 1
Authors: Макаров Дмитрий Игоревич
Published: January 2021

Статья представляет собой первую часть исследования о возможных перекличках и влияниях между мыслителем VI в. Леонтием Византийским, в трудах которого формируется утончённый логико-философский и богословский аппарат для разрешения догматических споров, и, соответственно, паламитской и протоантипаламитской (латинофильской) мыслью Византии XIII-XIV вв. Хотя о прямом влиянии Леонтия на представителей обоих лагерей (соответственно, Феофана Никейского и Иоанна XI Векка) говорить не приходится, ряд звеньев логической преемственности в плане истории идей всё же удаётся установить. Это типология «вертикальных» и «горизонтальных» отношений человека с Богом у Леонтия и Феофана, с одной стороны (пример условноположительной рецепции Феофаном идей Леонтия); и, с другой стороны, почти полный отход от идей и наследия Леонтия (при использовании ограниченного числа его категорий) в хаотичной догматической системе Векка. На примере труда Векка «Об унии между Церквами старого и нового Рима» выделяются и анализируются тридцать четыре пункта, по которым патриарх-латинофил отходит как от православной догматики, так и от византийской философии. В качестве главной черты учения Векка называется тритеизм, бывший мишенью и для Леонтия.

The article is the first part of our study concerning some possible repercussions and influences between the sixth-century thinker Leontius of Byzantium, in whose writings a complex logical, theological and philosophical apparatus for solving dogmatic controversies was being formed, on the one hand, and proto-Palamite and proto-anti-Palamite (Latinophile) thought of the thirteenthand fourteenth-century Byzantium, on the other. Although one cannot say about Leontius’ direct influence upon the representatives of the both hostile camps (resp., Theophanes of Nicaea and John XI Veccus), we can still discern some links in the logical chain of continuity between their ideas and Leontius’. These links include: a typology of «vertical» and «horizontal» Divine - human relations in Leontius and Theophanes (this is an example of Leontius’ ideas being possibly positively received and appropriated by Theophanes); but on the other side we see an almost complete setback from Leontius’ ideas and heritage in the chaotic dogmatic system by Veccus, although some limited number of Leontius’ categories might have been used by John. We make the case study of Veccus’ On the Union Between the Churches of the Old and the New Rome in which text we single out and analyze the 34 points of thought in which the Latinophile patriarch dissociated himself from both the Orthodox dogmatics and Byzantine philosophy in general. As the main trait of Veccus’ doctrine which had been criticized earlier by Leontius we call tritheism.
Saint Photius of Constantinople. Amphilochia. Treatises 223-248
Authors: Афиногенов Дмитрий Евгеньевич
Published: January 2021

Публикуемая часть «Амфилохий» представляет собой собрание кратких сочинений, в которых рассматриваются темы, уже затрагивавшиеся патриархом в более пространных трактатах: и экзегетические, и чисто богословские. В некоторых случаях свт. Фотий старается дать максимально сжатое изложение уже разобранного вопроса, но иногда и уточняет и пересматривает свои взгляды. В этот раздел попали учебные материалы (например, трактат 225) и сведения историко-этиологического характера (например, трактат 242).

The part of «Amphilochia» published here is a collection of mostly short works, which treat the topics, both exegetical and theological, previously developed by the patriarch in more expanded form. In some cases St Photios strives to provide a most concise summary of the already investigated problem, but sometimes he expounds his views more precisely or even revises certain points. The section includes also educational materials (for instance, treatise № 225) and pieces of historical information, such as treatise № 242.
Apocryphal Acts of John. Part I. Translation from Greek and Commentaries
Authors: Виноградов Андрей Юрьевич
Published: January 2021

В исследовании разбирается проблема текстологии апокрифических «Деяний Иоанна», одного из древнейших христианских апокрифов (II в.). Впервые на русском языке публикуется полный перевод текста (первая половина). Переведены следующие тексты: фрагменты из «Послания о девстве» ПсевдоТита, из POxyr. 850, из «Liber Flavus Fergusiorum» и первая половина сохранившегося греческого текста актов. Переводы снабжены комментарием и указанием на важнейшие разночтения.

For the first time are publishing in Russian a full translation of the «Acts of John», one of the oldest Christian apocryphal works (2nd century). The following texts have been translated: fragments from the «Epistle about Virginity» of Pseudo-Titus, from POxyr. 850, from«Liber Flavus Fergusiorum» and the surviving Greek part of the Acts. Translations are provided with commentary and an indication of the most important discrepancies. It was prefaced a brief description of the text.
Transfiguration: Theology and Iconography
Authors: Алексеев Анатолий Алексеевич
Published: January 2021

В статье рассматривается богословие Преображения. Отмечается богословская взаимосвязанность со сценами Крещения и Гефсиманского борения, тождественность сцены Преображения у синоптиков с Прославлением в Евангелии от Иоанна. Если первое художественное изображение сцены в базилике св. Аполлинария (Равенна, Классе, ок. 549 г.) использует её для обобщённого богословского образа Иисуса средствами художественной аллегории, то следующее - в базилике монастыря св. Екатерины на Синае (ок. 565 г.) - стремится преодолеть символизм и аллегоризм средствами и приёмами иконописи.

The paper deals with a theology of Transfiguration. It points out its mutual theological affinity with the Baptism and Gethsemane Agony scenes within Synoptic Gospels as well as with Glorification in John 12. The first artistic image of Transfiguration in the Basilica di Sant’ Apollinare in Classe, about 550, presents a theologically generalized image of Jesus by means of allegory, whereas the next attempt in St Katharina of Sinai, about 565, tends to overcome symbolism and allegory by means of iconography.
Ezra: Former or Writer of the Old Testament Books?
Authors: Шаблевский Николай
Published: January 2021

Наша заметка посвящена изучению роли Ездры при формировании корпуса книг Ветхого Завета. Отчасти информация об этом встречается в канонической Книге Ездры. Как выяснилось, среди грекоязычных экзегетов бытовало мнение, что Ездра был скорее кодификатором Священного Писания, в то время как в восточносирийском толковании (в частности, у Ишо‘дада Мервского) считалось, что Ездра написал заново сгоревшее Писание «из своего сердца». Интерпретация Ишо‘дада основана, очевидно, на сирийской версии 4й Книги Ездры.

Our note is devoted to the study of the role of Ezra in the formation of the corpus of books of the Old Testament. Partly information about this hinted in the canonical Book of Ezra. As it found out, among Greek exegetes were opinion that Ezra was more likely a codifier of the Holy Scriptures, while in the East Syrian interpretation (especially, in the work of Išo‘dad of Merv) were think that Ezra wrote the burnt Scripture ‘from his heart’. The interpretation of Išo‘dad is based, as it evidence, on the Syriac version of the 4th Book of Ezra.
Apocryphal ‘Acts of John’. Part II. Theology of the Text.
Authors: Виноградов Андрей Юрьевич
Published: January 2021

В заключительной части публикации апокрифических «Деяний Иоанна» даётся перевод второй половины сохранившегося греческого текста актов (гл. 37-115). Перевод снабжён комментарием и указанием на важнейшие разночтения в рукописях. Им предпослана богословская характеристика текста.

In the final part of the publication of the apocryphal «Acts of John», a translation of the second half of the preserved Greek text of the acts is given (ch. 37-115). The translation is provided with commentary and an indication of the most important discrepancies. It was prefaced a theological characterization of the text.
Dialogue of Methodius of Olympus ‘On the Resurrection’ (CPG 1812) and the Methodology of Critical Edition of the Slavonic Texts
Authors: Морозов А.А.
Published: January 2021

Диалог «О воскресении» сщмч. Мефодия Олимпийского, написанный в кон. III — нач. IV в. на древнегреческом языке, дошёл до нас в своей первоначальной версии только частично, благодаря фрагментам, сохранённым в трудах более поздних авторов. Полная же версия этого сочинения сохранилась в славянском переводе, текст которого остаётся неопубликованным до сих пор. Описание славянской рукописной традиции данного диалога предваряется кратким описанием истории изданий славянских текстов, а также основных принципов критического издания, предложенных в 1929 г. Антуаном Мейе и Андре Вайяном. В завершении данной статьи даётся описание проекта нового критического
издания славянского и греческого текстов данного диалога.

The dialogue «On the Resurrection» of Methodius of Olympus, written in the late III — early IV century in Ancient Greek, came to us in its original version only partly thanks to fragments preserved in the works of later authors. The full version of this work has been preserved in the Slavonic translation, the text of which remains unpublished until now. The description of the Slavonic manuscript tradition of this dialogue is preceded by a brief description of the history of
the editions of the Slavonic texts, as well as the basic principles of critical edition proposed in 1929 by Antoine Meillet and André Vaillant. This article concludes with a description of the project for a new critical edition of the Slavonic and Greek texts of this dialogue.
Collective of Clergy in Moscow Diocese in 1945-1961
Authors: Копылов Артём Александрович
Published: January 2021

В статье изучается духовенство как социальная группа в условиях советского общества в середине ХХ в. На основе делопроизводства уполномоченного Совета по делам Русской Православной Церкви по Москве и Московской области А. А. Трушина, документов личного происхождения, исторической литературы дана характеристика священнослужителей по таким критериям, как возраст к моменту хиротонии, образование, национальность и др. Для исследования произведены сбор и анализ сведений по максимально возможному количеству клириков епархии. В составленной автором статьи базе данных содержатся сведения о 356 священнослужителях, которые несли послушание в Московской епархии. Показана передача богослужебных традиций от священников, рукоположенных до революции 1917 г., новому поколению.

Analysis of the clergy as a social group in the Soviet society in the middle of the twentieth century is not studying in science. There is the characteristic of clergy on the basis of A. A. Trushin’s documents (representative person of Soviet of the business of the Russian Orthodox Church in the Moscow region), memory lanes of clergy and historical literature. The author of the article made the data base of most famous bishops, priests and deacons of that time. There are 326 persons on the table. The characteristic consists from questions of the age, when man was ordinationed, nationality, education and etc. In the article it shows the transfer of traditions of serving priests who were ordained before the revolution of 1917 to a new generation.
Condition of the Armenian Apostolic Church at the Time of Coming to Authority N. S. Khrushchev
Authors: Григорян Арсен Артурович
Published: January 2021

Цель данной статьи - описать условия, в которых Армянская Апостольская Церковь вступила в эпоху правления Н. С. Хрущёва, начавшуюся в 1953 г. По содержанию статью можно поделить на две части: в первой даются сведения о количестве приходов на территории Советского Союза и за его пределами, а также о составе армянского духовенства в СССР; во второй излагаются проблемы, существовавшие внутри Армянской Церкви, и рассматриваются их причины. Методы исследования - описание и анализ. Ценность исследования заключается в использовании ранее неопубликованных документов Государственного архива Российской Федерации и Национального архива Армении. По итогам изучения фактического материала выделяются основные проблемы Армянской Апостольской Церкви на 1953 г.: финансовый дефицит, конфликт армянских католикосатов и стремление враждующих СССР и США использовать церковь в своих политических целях.

The purpose of this article is to describe the conditions in which the Armenian Apostolic Church entered the epoch of the reign of N. S. Khrushchev, which began in 1953. The article can be divided into two parts: first one gives information about the number of parishes in the territory of the Soviet Union and beyond, and about the structure of the Armenian clergy in the USSR; the second one sets out the problems that existed in the Armenian Church and discusses their causes. Research methods - description and analysis. The value of the study lies in the use of previously unpublished documents of the State Archive of the Russian Federation and the National Archive of Armenia. Based on the results of studying the materials, the main problems of the Armenian Apostolic Church in 1953 are: financial deficit, the conflict of Armenian Catholicosates and the eagerness of USSR and the USA, that feuded with each other, to use the Сhurch for their political purposes.
Smallholders’ Willingness to Pay for Mechanization (Tractor Services) in Delta and Benue States, Nigeria
Authors: Onomu Achoja Roland
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT The majority of the smallholder farmers mainly used clue implements. However, the extent to which they are determined to change such practice remains unknown. This paper investigates the smallholders’ willingness to pay (WTP) for tractor services, factors that affect the smallholders’ WTP for tractor services as well as factors that affect the amount of money the smallholder is willing to pay for tractor services. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to collect data from 280 respondents in the study area. The contingent valuation methodology was used to measure the smallholders’ WTP. Descriptive statistics and the double hurdle model were used to analyse the results. The majority of the smallholder farmers were willing to pay for tractor-use. Age, farm size and location affect the smallholder’ WTP for tractor services. Expenditure and location affect the amount of money willing to pay for tractor services by the smallholder. There is a prospective growth for hired tractor services business due to smallholders’ WTP. It was suggested that entrepreneurs should invest in the business of tractor hired services since the farmers were willing to pay for their services. More researchers should be done on how to sustain the smallholders’ demand and WTP for tractor services.
The association of smoking status with SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospitalisation and mortality from COVID-19: A living rapid evidence review with Bayesian meta-analyses (version 10)
Authors: Simons David , Shahab Lion , Brown Jamie , Perski Olga
Published: January 2021

AIMS: To estimate the association of smoking status with rates of i) infection, ii) hospitalisation, iii) disease severity, and iv) mortality from SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 disease. 

DESIGN: Living rapid review of observational and experimental studies with random-effects hierarchical Bayesian meta-analyses. Published articles and pre-prints were identified via MEDLINE and medRxiv.

SETTING: Community or hospital. No restrictions on location.

PARTICIPANTS: Adults who received a SARS-CoV-2 test or a COVID-19 diagnosis.

MEASUREMENTS: Outcomes were SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospitalisation, disease severity and mortality stratified by smoking status. Study quality was assessed (i.e. ‘good’, ‘fair’ and ‘poor’).

FINDINGS: Version 10 (searches up to 15 December 2020) included 345 studies with 52 ‘good’ and ‘fair’ quality studies included in unadjusted meta-analyses. One-hundred-and-one studies (29.3%) reported current, former and never smoking status with the remainder using broader categories. Recorded smoking prevalence among people with COVID-19 was generally lower than national prevalence. Current compared with never smokers were at reduced risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection (RR = 0.69, 95% Credible Interval (CrI) = 0.58-0.82, τ = 0.36). Data for former smokers were inconclusive (RR = 1.03, 95% CrI = 0.94-1.13, τ = 0.18) but favoured there being no important association (8% probability of RR ≥1.1). Former compared with never smokers were at increased risk of hospitalisation (RR = 1.18, CrI = 1.07-1.31, τ = 0.14), greater disease severity (RR = 1.52, CrI = 1.12-2.06, τ = 0.29) and mortality (RR = 1.40, 95% CrI = 1.20-1.64, τ = 0.19). Data for current smokers on hospitalisation, disease severity and mortality were inconclusive (RR = 1.08, CrI = 0.95-1.23, τ = 0.18; RR = 1.26, CrI = 0.85-1.93, τ = 0.34; RR = 1.05, 95% CrI = 0.77-1.41, τ = 0.39, respectively) but favoured there being no important associations with hospitalisation and mortality (31% and 38% probability of RR ≥1.1, respectively) and a small but important association with disease severity (80% probability of RR ≥1.1). 

CONCLUSIONS: Compared with never smokers, current smokers appear to be at reduced risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection while former smokers appear to be at increased risk of hospitalisation, greater disease severity and mortality from COVID-19. However, it is uncertain whether these associations are causal.

v7 of this living review article has been published in _Addiction _and is available here https://doi-org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/10.1111/add.15276
DESIGN FEATURES AND HAZARDS OF HYDROGEN FUEL CELL CARS
Authors: Lazarenko O. , Parkhomenko V.-P. , Sukach R. , Bilonozhko B. , Kuskovets A.
Published: January 2021

Introduction. The gradual and relentless development of alternative energy sources and the constant strug-gle of humanity with excess greenhouse gas emissions led to the simultaneous development of vehicles with alternative energy sources. Currently, vehicles that run exclusively on electricity and are virtually safe for the environment are becoming increasingly popular. Among the variety of vehicles running on electricity, it is necessary to single out vehicles that use compressed hydrogen to generate electricity. Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCV) are already widely used in the United States, Germany, Japan, and the rest of the world, and their governments are constantly expanding and developing the appropriate infrastructure for them.The purpose and objectives of the study. The paper analyses the basic structure of HFCV and identifies the main scenarios of possible emergencies, namely: fire or explosion of fuel tanks with hydrogen; leakage, flaming of hydrogen from fuel lines (tank) under the high pressure; high-pressure hydrogen jet fire; leakage of hydrogen in the compartment (garage, closed parking) without further combustion.Methods. In the work on the subsequent literature review, the probable dangers for the personnel of the emergency rescue units involved in the elimination of certain emergency scenarios were identified.Results. It is established that: during the combustion of HFCV the most probable jet fire of hydrogen (flame temperature can reach 2000 0C), and also possible explosion of hydrogen cylinders or gas-air mixture with a significant range. Secondly, leakage of hydrogen in the compartment can cause its destruction in a relatively short period (about 15 seconds), and/or poisoning (asphyxia) of people due to a sharp decrease in oxygen concentration.Conclusions. The analysis and generalization of existing knowledge on the potential hazard of HFCV is conducted, electric cars give us reasonable grounds to argue that the regulatory framework for the construction and installation of security systems for land and underground parking, places of accumulation of such vehicles is not adapted to today's realities. At the same time, the following studies should be directed at estimating probablee risks of such emergencies.
Unusual Clinical Manifestation of Epidermoid Cyst Mimicking Basal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Djawad Khairuddin
Published: January 2021

Epidermoid cyst is a type of cutaneous cyst commonly found in daily practice. The facial area is the most common area for emergence of this benign condition. Simple extirpation is usually performed to remove epidermoid cysts. However, in rare cases, epidermoid cysts can evolve into malignancies such as basal cell carcinoma (BCC) or can mimic them, which adds difficulty when making a proper diagnosis. In cases of doubt, histopathology plays a key role in aiding diagnosis. This case report is about a 33-year-old woman with suspected nodular lesion that mimicked BCC, but after histopathological analysis was confirmed to be epidermoid cyst.
HARMONI HINDU-MUSLIM DI BALI MELALUI KEARIFAN LOKAL: STUDI DI KABUPATEN JEMBRANA
Authors: Saihu Saihu
Published: January 2021

This paper discusses the process of creating harmony (ethical dialogue) between Hindus and Muslims through sarana ‘Urf (tradition) or local wisdom that is believed to have religious, philosophical, and sociological values as well as multicultural nuances for the Jembrana community of Bali Province. In his analysis, this paper uses the Integrative Communication Theory proposed by Kim Young Yun, focusing on the ‘Urf (tradition) which is used as a means to communicate and interact between the two religious communities, thus leading to the peaceful practice of Hindu society. and Muslims in Jembrana-Bali. Data sources were obtained through unstructured observations and interviews from March to July 2019 and using the case study method. The results of this study show that in order to create harmony in communication and interaction between Hindus and Muslims in Jembrana is through the traditions of Male, Ngejot, Rebana, and Mekepung. Harmonization built from the four traditions is the result of a deep sense of understanding about each other’s traditions and culture or intercultural transformation so as to grow a sense of brotherhood, understanding diversity, fostering community interest between the two religious communities, and can shape the character of Hindu and Muslim communities in Jembrana to be humanist, tolerant and inclusive, so that it leads to a process of association, integration, complementation and sublimation
AGAMA DITENGAH MUSIBAH
Authors: Ruksin Raudatul Ulum
Published: January 2021

Buku Haidar Bagir ini cukup menarik sebagai kajian kritis pada kehidupan keagamaan dan peradaban kini. Pendekatan sufistik yang ditawarkan memberikan pelajaran dan alternatif solusi untuk menghadap pandemi, musibah yang datang tiba-tiba mengganggu keseimbangan kehidupan dunia. Narasi yang ditulis oleh Haidar Bagir dalam bukunya yang tipis ternyata cukup relevan bagi penganut agama atau mereka yang menyembah Tuhan jika mengalami sedikit goncangan, saat dan doa dan ilmu pengetahuan sedang benar-benar diuji.
Analisis Pengaruh Penilaian Kinerja Dan Kompensasi Terhadap Produktivitas Kerja Pada PDAM Kabupaten Karawang
Authors: Arifudin Opan , Tanjung Rahman , Hendar Hendar , Hanafiah Hanafiah
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganilis sejauh mana pengaruh penilaian kinerja, kompensasi terhadap produktivitas kerja serta sejauh mana pengaruh penilaian kerja dan kompensasi  secara bersama-sama terhadap produktivitas kerja. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dalam bentuk kuisioner dengan menggunakan sampel sebanyak 25 orang atau 35% dari jumlah populasi yang diteliti sebanyak 70 orang. Hasil analisis diketahui hubungan antara variable penilaian kerja dengan produktivitas kerja karyawan berdasarkan hasil kuisioner diperoleh nilai r (korelasi) = 0,647, artinya kedua variabel memiliki hubungan positif dan kuat. Hubungan antara variabel kompensasi dengan produktifitas kerja karyawan berdasarkan hasil kuisioner diperoleh nilai r ( Korelasi ) = 0,876, artinya kedua variabel memiliki hubungan positif dan sangat kuat. Besarnya pengaruh kedua variabel X2  (Kompensasi) secara bersama-sama terhadap Y (produktivitas kerja) dapat dilihat dari nilai R2 (koefisien determinasi) sebesar 0,889. Dari hasil uji F, nilai F hitung = 88,319 > F table (0,05) = 3,443, artinya kedua variabel X1 (Penilaian Kinerja) dan X2 (Kompensasi) secara bersama-sama berpengaruh terhadap variable Y (Produktivitas Kerja). Sedangkan dari hasil  uji t diperoleh  t hitung X1 = 9,675 dan t hitung X2 = 4,92 > t tabel (0,05) = 1,71, artinya terdapat pengaruh signifikan antara Penilaian Kinerja dan Kompensasi terhadap Produktivitas Kerja.
KAJIAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN DENGAN KINERJA PEMASARAN SERTA DESAIN STRATEGI PEMASARAN DEPOT AIR MINUM ISI ULANG GUNUNG SALJU
Authors: Cahyani Eni , Masdaini Efrina , Septiani Dian
Published: January 2021

This research was conducted at the Refill drinking water Depot, an effort of micro small and medium businesses to determine the entrepreneurial relationship with Marketing Performance so that UMKM can take steps to improve marketing through designing marketing strategies. The technique used in writing this research is interview, observation and documentation in the form of writings, drawings or monumentel works from someone. To test the validity of the data obtained so that it is truly in accordance with the aims and objectives of the study, the researchers used triangulation techniques. The data analysis technique used in this study refers to the interactive model. The results of the study conclude there is a link between entrepreneurship and marketing where entrepreneurial behavior can be said as behavior that represents more informal and unplanned activities that rely on intuition and energy from individuals to realize business activities in determining marketing strategies. Then the marketing strategy designs compose namely relying on product excellence, expanding market networks, establishing cooperation, promoting door to door, cost efficiency and increasing external capital.
Caracterização dos compostos fenólicos, avaliação da toxicidade e análise da qualidade de amostras de chá de Miconia albicans
Authors: Hamann Bruna , Winter Elisa Mara dos Santos , Silbert Diogo Alexandre , Micke Gustavo Amadeu , Vitali Luciano , Tenfen Adrielli , Zimmermann Lara Almida
Published: January 2021

O uso de plantas medicinais como alternativa terapêutica é crescente na medicina popular. A espécie Miconia albicans, popularmente conhecida como canela de velho, está sendo consumida em várias regiões do país, por apresentar ação anti-inflamatória.  Este trabalho avaliou os constituintes fenólicos e a qualidade de cinco amostras de chás de M. albicans, adquiridos em ambientes comerciais da cidade de Jaraguá do Sul. Comparou-se informações de seus rótulos e determinou-se a presença de matérias estranhas, de microrganismos, o teor de umidade e de cinzas totais. A caracterização de compostos fenólicos das amostras foi realizada através HPLC-LC-ESI-MS/MS. A toxicidade foi avaliada com larvas de Artemia salina. Algumas amostras apresentaram irregularidades no que tange as especificações de rótulos das embalagens. Os resultados de controle de qualidade da matéria-prima vegetal demonstraram estar em conformidade com as especificações descritas na Farmacopeia Brasileira. Foi observado o mesmo padrão de compostos fenólicos nas cinco amostras, assim como o perfil fitoquímico condizente com a espécie em estudo, Miconia albicas. As amostras são potencialmente citotóxicas, tendo uma DL50 menor que 1000 µg/mL. Portanto, sugere-se que sejam realizados estudos adicionais dos benefícios farmacológicos e efeitos toxicológicos da espécie visando maior segurança aos usuários.
Produção de morangos como estratégia de viabilização econômica em pequenas propriedades rurais no Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Andreatta Tanice , Camara Simone Bueno , Matte Alessandra , Spanevello Rosani Marisa , Fagundes Cintia Pereira Portes , Toledo Vitória Benedetti de
Published: January 2021

O objetivo deste artigo consiste em analisar os sistemas de produção de uma unidade agropecuária, localizada no município de Palmeira das Missões (RS). O método de pesquisa está lastreado na abordagem dos Sistemas Agrários, com foco nos sistemas de produção. Os dados foram coletados no mês de fevereiro de 2018, baseados em um roteiro estruturado, contendo questões abertas e fechadas e, posteriormente, sistematizados e analisados a partir de planilhas eletrônicas. A unidade de produção possui 23,6 hectares, destes, 19,1 hectares ocupados com o cultivo de soja e morangos. A mão de obra é familiar (3,0 unidade trabalho homem-UTHs), absorvida, praticamente, para o cultivo do morango, uma vez que os processos relacionados à soja são terceirizados. A comercialização de morangos corresponde a 75% da renda agrícola total da unidade de produção. O morango é um produto que demonstra significativos índices de lucratividade, no entanto, altamente perecíveis, logo demanda rapidez na etapa de comercialização. Constata-se que o cultivo de morango mostra-se como uma alternativa que contribui para viabilizar a reprodução de unidades de produção familiar e a redução do risco das atividades, principalmente o climático, relacionado à soja.
Empoderamento feminino na agricultura familiar
Authors: Gubert Flavia Piccinin Paz , Hanzen Marcia , Recalcatti Jonas Felipe , Coltre Sandra Maria
Published: January 2021

O empoderamento feminino é um assunto que, não raro, sofre de preconceito no meio rural, pelas questões culturais advindas das gerações passadas que sempre consideraram a mulher um ser fraco e relegado ao segundo plano nos trabalhos da propriedade rural. O estudo, de cunho bibliográfico, busca demonstrar a importância da mulher do campo, como partícipe decisiva na economia da pequena propriedade da agricultura familiar. Neste contexto, o empoderamento é ação decisiva em busca de sua sustentabilidade. O texto aborda a temática do empoderamento, do feminismo e questões de gênero, da agricultora familiar e seu lugar de fala. Apresenta as discussões da sociedade atual, que cobra uma maior participação da mulher no contexto das decisões que afetam a sua realidade, bem como na mudança de paradigmas da própria sociedade. A partir de um processo de empoderamento, a mulher passa a reconhecer o seu lugar no âmbito da agricultura familiar, não só como mão de obra ativa no desempenho das atividades laborativas, mas como gestora do ambiente em que vive e está inserida, gerando desta forma, mudanças na sua posição social, econômica, cultural e política.