bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship between CCL25/CCR9 Levels in Follicular Fluid and High Ovarian Response in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Hao Yongxin , Yin Qianqian , Hu Fangfang , Liu Xiaoyan , Yang Yaru , Sun Fang , Yan Xiaonan
Published: October 2024

Objective. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the prevalent gynecological endocrine disorders encountered in clinical practice. Women diagnosed with PCOS demonstrate increased ovarian responsiveness, rendering them more prone to ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) during controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) procedures. The current study aimed at investigating whether CCL25/CCR9 plays a role in the pathological process of high ovarian response (HOR) during COS procedures. Design. Single‐center retrospective cohort study. Patients. A total of 200 PCOS patients who received a fixed regimen of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist were enrolled in this study. The cohort comprised 118 patients exhibiting HOR and 82 patients demonstrating a normal ovarian response (NOR). Results. The age and body mass index (BMI) variances across the two groups did not differ significantly. Similarly, the two groups observed no statistically significant differences in the baseline levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), progesterone (P), estradiol (E2), basal prolactin (PRL), and testosterone (T). Compared to the NOR group, HOR patients exhibit markedly elevated levels of anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH), antral follicle count (AFC), basal follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH), and HOMA‐IR (all p  <  0.05). Conversely, no statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups with respect to COS parameters, encompassing initial gonadotropin (Gn) dose, stimulation duration, and total Gn dose. During COS, the number of oocytes with diameter ≥14 mm, the levels of E2 on the HCG day, and the number of retrieved oocytes were significantly higher in the HOR group than in the NOR group (all p < 0.001). Additionally, the levels of CCL25/CCR9, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), TNF‐α, and IL‐6 were significantly higher in the FF of the HOR group than in the NOR group (all p < 0. 001), while the variance in IL‐1β levels between the two cohorts did not reach statistical significance. The relevance analysis results indicated that the levels of CCL25/CCR9 in the FF of the HOR group are positively correlated with the number of retrieved oocytes and oocytes with diameters ≥14 mm during COS, AMH levels, and AFC. Concurrently, the CCL25 levels in the FF of the HOR group were positively correlated with HOMA‐IR. Multivariable linear regression analysis revealed that the elevated AFC and HOMA‐IR independently increase the CCL25 levels. Conclusion. The CCL25/CCR9 levels in FF are positively correlated with the clinical indicators of HOR, suggesting that CCL25/CCR9 may play a role in the pathogenesis of HOR in patients with PCOS.
Relation‐Theoretic Contractions Employing a New Pair of Shifting Distance Functions with Applications to Second‐Order Ordinary Differential Equations
Authors: Khan Faizan Ahmad , Alamrani Fahad M. , Alshaban Esmail , Algehyne Ebrahem A. , Aldhabani Musaad S.
Published: October 2024

The objective of the paper is to present some fixed point results verifying a relational contraction utilizing certain shifting distance functions and via a generalized class of transitive relations. Our outcomes sharpen, extend, modify, and enrich many well‐known results. To demonstrate the utility of our results, several examples are provided. We employed our results finding out a unique solution of second‐order ordinary differential equations prescribed with specific boundary conditions.
Analysis of Reliability Indicators for Inverted Lomax Model via Improved Adaptive Type‐II Progressive Censoring Plan with Applications
Authors: Alotaibi Refah , Nassar Mazen , Elshahhat Ahmed
Published: October 2024

Employing an improved adaptive Type‐II progressively censored sample, this paper provides various point and interval estimations when the parent distribution of the population to be studied is the inverted Lomax distribution. The estimations include both the model parameters and two reliability metrics, namely, the reliability and failure rate functions. Both maximum likelihood and maximum product of spacing are studied from the conventional estimation standpoint. Along with the point estimations utilizing the two traditional approaches, the approximate confidence intervals based on both are also examined. The Bayesian point estimations with the squared error loss function and credible intervals for various parameters are investigated. Depending on the source of observed data, Bayesian estimations are obtained using two different types of posterior distributions. Numerous censoring designs are looked at in the simulation study to compare the accuracy of classical and Bayesian estimations. Using both conventional methodologies, several optimality metrics are suggested to identify the best removal design. One chemical and a pair of engineering actual data sets are examined to support the significance of the indicated methodologies. The analysis showed that the Bayesian estimation, using the likelihood function, is preferable when compared to other classical and Bayesian methods.
Numerical Study of Airflows, Thermal Structures, and Performance in a Circular Tube Heat Exchanger with Staggered Combined Vortex Producers
Authors: Boonloi Amnart , Jedsadaratanachai Withada
Published: October 2024

A numerical investigation is conducted into the airflow topologies and thermal structures of a circular tube heat exchanger (CTHX) fitted with combined vortex producers (CVP), including winglets and V‐profile ribs. The CVP installation is necessary to produce vortex flows in the CTHX, which bounce over the CTHX wall, significantly altering the thermal boundary layer. This change affects the local convective heat transfer coefficient and heat transfer rate. Moreover, producing vortex flow can improve air mixing quality, further augmenting the heat transfer rate and thermohydraulic efficiency. The effects of CVP heights (b1/D and b2/D), CVP types (X‐1, X‐2, and Y), and airflow directions on flow topology and thermal structure are considered. The airflow velocity, in terms of the Reynolds number from 100 to 2000 (considered from the entry settings), is examined. The current numerical challenge is resolved using a commercial application and the finite volume technique. To improve the dependability of the numerical findings, the computational model of the CTHX equipped with the CVP is verified. The numerical results are explained by streamlines in the CTHX, the local Nusselt number over the CTHX wall, and fluid temperature distributions. A summary is also provided for the dimensionless variables (averaged Nusselt number, friction factor, and thermal enhancement factor) of the CTHX with the CVP. The numerical results reveal that CVP insertion significantly enhances the heat transfer rate due to vortex flow generation. The maximum heat transfer rate is 15.29 times higher than that of a smooth circular tube, with the best thermal enhancement factor of 3.74 observed within our investigated range.
Exploring Medicinal Plants for Antimicrobial Activity and Synergistic Effects With Doxycycline Against Bacterial Species
Authors: Kenmeni Joel Frank , Sifi Ibrahim , Bisso Borel Ndezo , Kayoka-Kabongo Prudence Ngalula , Tsopmene Ulrich Joël , Dzoyem Jean Paul
Published: October 2024

Medicinal plants are rich sources of bioactive compounds with diverse pharmacological properties, including antimicrobial activities. This study aimed to assess the antibiofilm potential of methanol and ethanol extracts from nine selected medicinal plants, as well as their synergistic effects with doxycycline against Bacillus strains. Standard procedures were employed to determine the phytochemical composition, total phenolic, and flavonoid contents of the extracts. The antibacterial activity was evaluated using the broth microdilution method, while biofilm formation was assessed via the microtiter plate method. Antibiofilm activity was determined using the 3‐(4,5‐dimethyl‐2‐thiazolyl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2H‐tetrazolium‐bromide (MTT) assay. Combination studies were conducted using the checkerboard microdilution method. All extracts contained phenols, flavonoids, steroids, triterpenes, and anthraquinones. The methanolic extract of Psidium guajava exhibited the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents (90.48 ± 0.55 mg GAE/g), while the ethanolic extract of Olax subscorpioidea showed the highest flavonoid content (6.48 ± 0.33 mg QE/g). Ethanol extracts of Eucalyptus globulus and Psidium guajava and methanolic extract of Syzygium jambos demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against Bacillus anthracis 34F2 Sterne strains, with a MIC value of 64 μg/mL. Biofilm formation in Bacillus strains was notably enhanced in the presence of glucose. The methanolic extract of O. subscorpioides exhibited the highest biofilm imbibition (85%), while Picralima nitida methanolic extract showed the most effective biofilm eradication (79%). The combination of Solanum torvum ethanol extract with doxycycline displayed synergistic effects against biofilm formation inhibition and eradication in all tested Bacillus strains. Taken together, Solanum torvum ethanol extract shows promise for developing new combination antibacterial therapies.
Genotype/Phenotype Relationship: Lessons From 137 Patients With PMM2‐CDG
Authors: Pajusalu Sander , Vals Mari-Anne , Serrano Mercedes , Witters Peter , Cechova Anna , Honzik Tomáš , Edmondson Andrew C. , Ficicioglu Can , Barone Rita , De Lonlay Pascale , Bérat Claire-Marine , Vuillaumier-Barrot Sandrine , Lam Christina , Patterson Marc C. , Janssen Mirian C. H. , Martins Esmeralda , Quelhas Dulce , Sykut-Cegielska Jolanta , Mousa Jehan , Urreizti Roser , McWilliams Peter , Vernhes Frederique , Plotkin Horacio , Morava Eva , Õunap Katrin
Published: October 2024

We report on the largest single dataset of patients with PMM2‐CDG enrolled in an ongoing international, multicenter natural history study collecting genetic, clinical, and biological information to evaluate similarities with previous studies, report on novel findings, and, additionally, examine potential genotype/phenotype correlations. A total of 137 participants had complete genotype information, representing 60 unique variants, of which the most common were found to be p.Arg141His in 58.4% (n = 80) of participants, followed by p.Pro113Leu (21.2%, n = 29), and p.Phe119Leu (12.4%, n = 17), consistent with previous studies. Interestingly, six new variants were reported, comprised of five missense variants (p.Pro20Leu, p.Tyr64Ser, p.Phe68Cys, p.Tyr76His, and p.Arg238His) and one frameshift (c.696del p.Ala233Argfs∗100). Patient phenotypes were characterized via the Nijmegen Progression CDG Rating Scale (NPCRS), together with biochemical parameters, the most consistently dysregulated of which were coagulation factors, specifically antithrombin (below normal in 79.5%, 93 of 117), in addition to Factor XI and protein C activity. Patient genotypes were classified based upon the predicted pathogenetic mechanism of disease‐associated mutations, of which most were found in the catalysis/activation, folding, or dimerization regions of the PMM2 enzyme. Two different approaches were used to uncover genotype/phenotype relationships. The first characterized genotype only by the predicted pathogenic mechanisms and uncovered associated changes in biochemical parameters, not apparent using only NPCRS, involving catalysis/activation, dimerization, folding, and no protein variants. The second approach characterized genotype by the predicted pathogenic mechanism and/or individual variants when paired with a subset of severe nonfunctioning variants and uncovered correlations with both NPCRS and biochemical parameters, demonstrating that p.Cys241Ser was associated with milder disease, while p.Val231Met, dimerization, and folding variants with more severe disease. Although determining comprehensive genotype/phenotype relationships has previously proven challenging for PMM2‐CDG, the larger sample size, plus inclusion of biochemical parameters in the current study, has provided new insights into the interplay of genetics with disease.

Trial Registration:NCT03173300.
Negative Effects of Cx43 during Denervated Skeletal Muscle Atrophy Can Be Attenuated by Blueberry Extracts via Regulating Akt Pathway
Authors: Huang Xinying , Liu Jibo , Zhang Junpeng , You Zongqi , Xiang Yaoxian , Dai Junxi , Xu Lei , Jiang Junjian , Xu Jianguang
Published: October 2024

The lack of effective treatments for alleviating irreversible skeletal muscle atrophy caused by peripheral nerve dysfunction is a clinical problem. To identify therapeutic targets, signaling pathways in muscle cells activated by denervation have been explored, including the important roles of Cx43, a kind of protein that forms gap junctions, in other types of pathological process. The present study investigated the negative role of Cx43 in aggravated muscle cell degeneration following denervation. The blueberry extract was applied orally on mice models, and its protective effect against denervated skeletal muscle atrophy was found by wet weight measurement and tissue staining observation. Cx43/Akt pathway in denervated muscle cells was modulated by blueberry extract. In conclusion, the negative effects of Cx43 on denervated skeletal muscle atrophy were attenuated by blueberry extract by regulating the Akt pathway.
Identification of High-Incidence Populations in the United States for Anti–Epstein-Barr Virus Serologic Screening for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Clark Payton E. , Taparra Kekoa , Miller Jacob A.
Published: October 2024

Background:

In the United States, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)–associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) disproportionately impacts Asian Americans (AA) and Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders (NHPI) who have no access to screening. EBV-based screening trials in Asia have detected most cases at early stages. We sought to identify a US target population for NPC screening and hypothesized that once-lifetime screening could be cost-effective.

Methods:

We obtained NPC incidence data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Asian and Pacific Islander datasets. We estimated the number needed to screen (NNS), mortality reduction, and resource utilization using a validated model and performance data from trials. Six evaluated strategies incorporated serology, nasopharyngeal swab PCR, and endoscopy or MRI.

Results:

Intermediate-incidence and high-incidence populations accounted for 10.7% of US person-years yet 42.7% of cases. Anti-BNLF2b screening with selective endoscopy was the preferred strategy. In high-incidence populations, the median NNS to detect one case was 1,992, with a median of 7.12 NPC deaths averted per 100,000 screened. Screening met the willingness-to-pay threshold in all five high-incidence populations (median incremental cost-effectiveness ratio/gross domestic product, 0.82) and among men in intermediate-incidence populations.

Conclusions:

Nearly half of NPC in the United States arises among the 10% with AA or NHPI ethnicity. A suitable target population for US screening trials would be men and women aged 35 to 65 years of Chinese, Sāmoan, or Southeast Asian ethnicity, or men aged 35 to 60 years of Guamanian/Chamorro, Filipino, or Native Hawaiian ethnicity. Once-lifetime anti-BNLF2b screening could be cost-effective.

Impact:

These data may aid the design of US screening trials. Targeted NPC screening might mitigate health disparities.
Cancer Mortality among Hispanic Groups in the United States by Birthplace (2003–2017)
Authors: He Yuelin , Pinheiro Paulo S. , Tripathi Osika , Nguyen Helen , Srinivasan Malathi , Palaniappan Latha P. , Thompson Caroline A.
Published: October 2024

Background:

The Hispanic population is the second largest racial/ethnic group in the United States, consisting of multiple distinct ethnicities. Ethnicity-specific variations in cancer mortality may be attributed to countries of birth, so we aimed to understand differences in cancer mortality among disaggregated Hispanics by nativity (native- or foreign-born vs. US-born) over 15 years.

Methods:

A total of 228,197 Hispanic decedents (Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, and Central or South American) with cancer-related deaths from US death certificates (2003–2017) were analyzed. Seven cancers that contribute significantly to Hispanic male (lung and bronchus, colon and rectum, liver, prostate, and pancreas cancers) and female (lung and bronchus, liver, pancreas, colon and rectum, female breast, and ovary cancers) mortality were selected for analysis. 5-year age-adjusted mortality rates [(95% confidence interval); per 100,000] and standardized mortality ratios (95% confidence interval) using foreign-born as the reference group were calculated. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to model cancer-related mortality trends.

Results:

Puerto Rico–born Puerto Ricans, Cuba-born Cubans, and US-born Mexicans had some of the highest cancer death rates among all the Hispanic groups. In general, foreign-born Hispanics had higher cancer mortality rates than US-born Hispanics, except Mexicans. Overall, US-born and non–US-born (i.e., native- or foreign-born) Hispanic groups experienced decreasing rates of cancer deaths over the years.

Conclusions:

We noted vast heterogeneity in mortality rates by nativity across Hispanic groups, a fast-growing diverse US population.

Impact:

Understanding disaggregated patterns and trends in cancer burden can motivate deeper discussion around community health resources, which may improve the health of Hispanics across the United States.
Social Determinants of Breast Cancer Screening: A Multilevel Analysis of Proximal and Distal Factors Related to the Practice of Mammography
Authors: Sarmiento Daiana Denis , Tumas Natalia , Pereyra Sofia Aynelen , Scruzzi Graciela Fabiana , Pou Sonia Alejandra
Published: October 2024

Background:

Mammography is crucial for early breast cancer detection. In Latin America, Argentina faces a significant breast cancer burden, with varying mammography rates. The social factors influencing mammography practices remain unclear. This study aimed to identify the proximal and distal social determinants of this practice among Argentinean women using a multilevel approach.

Methods:

This nationwide cross-sectional study included 4,924 women, ages 50 to 70, participating in the 2018 National Risk Factor Survey of Argentina. Two-level logistic models were used to estimate measures of association (ORs) between timely mammography practice (within the last 2 years) and selected covariates (sociodemographics, proximal environment, and distal-level variables). The intraclass correlation coefficient and proportional change in variance were calculated.

Results:

Of the total participants, 62.8% of women underwent timely mammography. Age [OR = 0.96; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.94–0.97], health insurance (OR = 2.22; 95% CI, 1.87–2.63), education (OR = 2.1; 95% CI, 1.74–2.64), and income (OR = 1.56; 95% CI, 1.23–1.97) were associated with mammography practice. Women in nonmarital (OR = 0.61; 95% CI, 0.52–0.72) or larger households (OR = 0.61; 95% CI, 0.51–0.63) were less likely to have timely mammography; living in a larger city was positively associated with timely mammography (OR = 1.28; 95% CI, 1.12–1.46). Women in provinces with higher physician density (OR = 1.06; 95% CI, 1.01–1.11) and lower maternal mortality ratio (OR = 0.9; 95% CI, 0.87–0.96) had higher chances of timely mammography. The intraclass correlation coefficient and proportional change in variance suggested that the explored healthcare indicators largely explained the macro-contextual effect.

Conclusions:

Multilevel factors influenced mammography practices in Argentina. The results highlight disparities linked to sociodemographic characteristics and healthcare resources.

Impact:

Efforts to address social inequalities in breast cancer screening must consider multilevel determinants, including in healthcare settings.
Figure S3 from Hypophosphatemia Correction Reduces ICANS Incidence and Duration in CAR T-cell Therapy: A Pooled Clinical Trial Analysis
Authors: Tang Jack Pengfei , Lafeuille Penelope , Socolov Alexandru , Diamond Sheila S. , Aptekar Jacob , Moore Theodore B. , Nie Esther H. , Hanudel Mark R. , Nowicki Theodore S.
Published: October 2024

Figure S3. ICANS incidence and time to symptom onset.
Variability in Body Mass Index during 2018–2021 for People with Type 1 Diabetes: Real World Data from the USA, Germany, and Australasia
Authors: Narayan Kruthika , Auzanneau Marie , Ospelt Emma , Rompicherla Saketh , Ebekozien Osagie , Glastras Sarah , Smart Carmel , Bachmann Sara , Welp Reinhard , Maahs David , Craig Maria E. , Holl Reinhard ,   the ADDN Study Group
Published: October 2024

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated worldwide lockdowns in 2020 and 2021, with restrictions on physical activity and changes in eating habits. The aim of this study was to investigate temporal trends in body mass index (BMI) and BMI Standard Deviation Score (SDS) in three international type 1 diabetes (T1D) registries between 2018 and 2021. Methods: Data were extracted from DPV (Germany/Austria/Luxembourg/Switzerland), T1D Exchange Quality Improvement Collaborative (T1DX-QI, USA), and the Australasian Diabetes Data Network (ADDN, Australia/New Zealand). The period affected by the COVID-19 pandemic was defined as March to December 2020 and March to December 2021 and compared with the respective 9-month periods in 2018 and 2019. Estimated mean BMI (adults ≥19 years) and WHO BMI SDS (children and adolescents 5 to <19 years) were calculated, adjusted for sex, age, HbA1c, and diabetes duration. Adjusted mean proportions overweight (BMI ≥25 in adults or BMI SDS >1 in children and adolescents 5 to <19 years) and obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2 or BMI SDS >2 in children and adolescents 5 to <19 years) were also calculated, adjusted for sex, age, HbA1c, and diabetes duration. Results: The study population comprised: ADDN (n = 14,624, median age 15.7 years, 51% male); DPV (n = 62,732, 16.1 years, 53.3% male); and T1DX-QI (n = 22,942, 17.1 years, 52.1% male). In the DPV registry, BMI SDS in children and adolescents and BMI in adults increased consistently between 2018 and 2021 (p < 0.001). In ADDN and T1DX-QI, variable changes in BMI and BMI SDS were seen in adults and young people. Close to 50% of people in all registries were either overweight or obese. Proportions overweight remained relatively stable across the 4 years. The proportion of obesity increased in children 5 to <10 years. Conclusions: A slight increase in BMI and BMI SDS observed before the pandemic continued during the pandemic years. The proportion of overweight and obesity was overall high. Healthy weight remains a priority for people with T1D.
A Novel PNPLA2 Variant in a Female Patient with Neutral Lipid Storage Disease with Myopathy and Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism
Authors: Şenol Hüseyin Bahadır , Kısa Pelin Teke , Kulu Bahar , Ören Hale , Arslan Nur , Yiş Uluç
Published: October 2024

Background: Neutral lipid storage disease with myopathy (NLSDM) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by aberrant triacylglycerol metabolism due to mutations in the patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 2 (PNPLA2) gene. Case Presentation: This report presents a case study of a 14-year-old female patient exhibiting symptoms of NLSDM, including recurrent abdominal pain, fatigue, leg pain, and hepatosteatosis. Diagnostic investigations revealed elevated creatinine kinase levels, myopathic findings on electromyography, magnetic resonance imaging findings showing gluteal involvement and Jordans’ bodies on peripheral smear. Clinical exome panel showed homozygous of PNPLA2 c.496G>C p.Asp166His (NM_020376.4) variant. The clinical manifestations, diagnostic challenges, and implications of this novel variant are discussed in the context of current literature. Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism was confirmed in this patient after eliminating possible underlying causes. This was a novel manifestation, and hormone replacement therapy was planned. Conclusion: This case underscores the significance of genetic testing in elucidating the molecular basis of NLSDM and emphasizes the necessity of comprehensive clinical evaluation for accurate diagnosis and management.
Clinical Value of Impulse Oscillometry in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Peng Junjie , Li Xiaohua , Zhou Hong , Wang Tao , Li Xiaoou , Chen Lei
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Impulse oscillometry (IOS) is an effortless test compared to spirometry. Numerous studies explored the role of IOS in spirometry-based chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but most of them had limited sample sizes with poor statistical power. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to pool the individual data and quantitatively analyze the clinical value of IOS in COPD. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Internet, and Wanfang were searched for studies with comparisons of IOS indicators between COPD patients and healthy controls, including respiratory resistance at 5 Hz (R5) and 20 Hz (R20), difference between R5 and R20 (R5−R20), respiratory reactance at 5 Hz (X5), resonant frequency (Fres), and area of reactance (Ax). Meta-analyses were conducted to calculate the weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: 39 eligible studies were enrolled, involving 6,144 COPD patients and 4,611 healthy controls. Relative to healthy controls, COPD patients had significantly higher R5 (WMD: 0.17, 95% CI: 0.14, 0.20), R5−R20 (WMD: 0.13, 95% CI: 0.11, 0.15), Fres (WMD: 9.04, 95% CI: 7.66, 10.42), Ax (WMD: 1.24, 95% CI: 0.86, 1.61), and lower X5 (WMD: −0.15, 95% CI: −0.18, −0.11), and such differences became even greater as the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stage escalated. Pooled correlation coefficients presented that R5, R5−R20, Fres, and X5 were significantly related to post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity ratio (meta r = −0.37, −0.45, −0.53, and 0.42, respectively) and FEV1 as a percentage of predicted value (meta r = −0.43, −0.54, −0.59, and 0.56, respectively). Conclusion: IOS may be a supplement to spirometry in diagnosing and assessing COPD, especially when spirometry is inappropriate. More well-designed, large sample-sized, prospective studies are warranted to establish an IOS-based criterion for COPD management.
Temperature Dependency of Machine Perfusion Preservation with Histidine-Tryptophan-Ketoglutarate Solution on Ultrastructure of Porcine Liver Donated after Cardiac Death
Authors: Bochimoto Hiroki , Kondoh Daisuke , Iwata Hiroyoshi , Mohd Zin Nur Khatijah , Nakayama Taiga , Teraguchi Hiroya , Nakajo Tetsuya , Obara Hiromichi , Matsuno Naoto
Published: October 2024

Introduction: The University of Wisconsin (UW) and histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK) are the most popular organ-preservative solutions. Ultrastructure of organelles reflects the functionality of cells, but less is understood about ultrastructural changes of hepatocytes after machine perfusion (MP) with HTK, than with UW solution. Methods: We evaluated the ultrastructure of hepatocytes preserved in HTK solution during hypothermic (4°C) and midthermic (22°C) MP (HMP and MMP, respectively) temperatures using osmium maceration scanning electron microscopy. Results: The functional ultrastructure of mitochondria in hepatocytes was maintained immediately after HMP and MMP. After 2 h in a porcine isolated liver reperfusion model (IRM) that simulates transplanted liver grafts, mitochondrial cristae became denser and some large vacuoles that we assumed were autophagosomes were detected in hepatocytes after HMP. Autophagy functions in the suppression of reactive oxygen generation and subsequent apoptosis, and these findings indicated that HMP is more effective than MMP when livers are preserved in HTK solution. Conclusion: The present findings contradict the previous findings of the UW solution that MMP is more effective than HMP. Thus, various combinations of conditions for MP should be carefully optimized before changing preservatives.
Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling and Congenital Abnormalities of Kidney and Urinary Tract
Authors: Yu Cuicui , Zheng Bixia , Zhang Luyan , Zhang Aihua , Jia Zhanjun , Ding Guixia
Published: October 2024

Background: Precise regulation of cell-cell communication is vital for cell survival and normal function during embryogenesis. The Wnt protein family, a highly conserved and extensively studied group, plays a crucial role in key cell-cell signaling events essential for development and regeneration. Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) represent a leading cause of chronic kidney disease in children and young adults, and include a variety of birth abnormalities resulting from disrupted genitourinary tract development during embryonic development. The incidence and progression of CAKUT may be related to the Wnt signal transduction mechanism. Summary: This review provides a comprehensive overview of the classical Wnt signaling pathway’s role in CAKUT, explores related molecular mechanisms and provides new targets and intervention methods for the future treatment of the disease. Key Messages: The Wnt signal is intricately engaged in a variety of differentiation processes throughout kidney development.
High-performance speed control for three-phase induction motor based on reverse direction algorithm and artificial neural network
Authors: Al-Khawaldeh Mustafa A. , Ghaeb Jasim A. , Salah Samer Z. , Alrawajfeh Mohammad S.
Published: October 2024

This research proposes two approaches for determining the required frequency and modulation index for a pulse-width-modulation (PWM) system in a variable frequency drive (VFD) to control the speed of the three-phase induction motor. The first approach which is the reverse direction algorithm (RDA), uses a set of equations to calculate the necessary frequency and voltage for maintaining a constant motor speed under varying load conditions. The second one involves training a neural network (NN) on data collected by the RDA, which can then be used to continuously adjust the motor speed in real time to adapt to changing load torque requirements. Simulation and laboratory models for the three-phase induction motor are built and the proposed RDA-NN controller is examined. Results have proved that the proposed controller is effective in providing a stable and responsive motor speed control system.
Algae content estimation utilizing optical density and image processing method
Authors: Kamaluddin Muhammad Wafiq , Gunawan Agus Indra , Setiawardhana Setiawardhana , Dewantara Bima Sena Bayu , Insivitawati Era , Asmarany Anja , Pratama Ariesa Editya
Published: October 2024

One of the factors that influence shrimp cultivation is the presence of algae. Precise knowing algae content in the pond is essential for effective management. Most research in the field of algae species carried out by researchers were observing Chlorella Sp. more than the other algae species, with a particular emphasis on substance concentrations. This study proposed non-invasive techniques for quantifying algae abundance, utilizing optical density (OD) and image processing (IP) methods. Three different algae species are frequently found in Indonesia i.e., Chlorella Sp., Thalassiosira Sp., and Skeletonema Sp. are used as sample. Those samples are cultured and prepared in a certain volume with a certain quantity. For experimental and observation purposes, those samples are then diluted into water based on percentage value. The experimental results provided RGB values, which were then used to establish polynomial equations. To verify these equations, two approaches were employed: synthetic image analysis and evaluation using additional data. The mean average error (MAE) was found to be 3.467 for IP method and 3.513 for OD method. It shows that IP method give better result compared to OD method in this study. However, it is very possible that the two methods will complement each other.
An automated power of hydrogen controlled filtration system for enhanced aquarium fish farming
Authors: Garcia Fabio , Martel Daniel , Paiva-Peredo Ernesto
Published: October 2024

The increasing popularity of fish keeping in aquariums and the need for electronic equipment to maintain an optimal environment. This article focuses on monitoring water purity to ensure fish health and longevity, addressing the issue of water pollution caused by chemicals and waste produced by fish. Solutions such as mechanical and biological filters are explored, highlighting the use of the mechanical filter composed of zeolite, ceramic rings, and activated carbon, which work to remove solid particles, toxic compounds, and pollutants from the aquarium water. The article presents the implementation of a mechanical filter controlled by a PIC18F4550 microcontroller using a pH sensor. The results indicate the stability of the pH of the water in the established range of 6.5 to 7.5, with a maximum error of 3% at the upper limit of the range and no error below the established lower limit. It is concluded that the system effectively maintains the desired levels and ensures the fish's health. A technological solution for monitoring and controlling water quality is presented, recognizing the possibility of improvements in aquaculture.
Strategic plant maintenance planning in agriculture by integrating lean principles and optimization
Authors: Simarmata Gayus , Suwilo Saib , Sitompul Opim Salim , Sutarman Sutarman
Published: October 2024

Operational planning within agricultural production systems plays a pivotal role in facilitating farmers' decision-making processes. This study introduces a novel mathematical model aimed at optimizing plant maintenance planning through the efficient allocation of labor, optimal utilization of machinery, and strategic scheduling. Utilizing mixed integer non-linear programming (MINLP), the model integrates lean principles to minimize waste and improve operational efficiency. The primary contributions of this study include the development of a comprehensive maintenance planning model, the application of advanced mathematical techniques in agriculture, and the enhancement of resource allocation strategies. The results demonstrate significant improvements in maintenance task scheduling, reduced downtime, and enhanced productivity, ultimately contributing to sustainable farming practices and food security. This model serves as a strategic decision-support tool for farmers, enabling data-driven planning and resource utilization to achieve both short-term efficiency and long-term agricultural viability.
Traffic signs detection and prohibitor signs recognition in Morocco road scene
Authors: Taouqi Imane , Klilou Abdessamad , Chaji Kebir , Arsalane Assia
Published: October 2024

Traffic sign detection is a crucial aspect of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) for academic research and the automotive industry. seeing that accurate and timely detection of traffic signs (TS) is essential for ensuring the safety of driving. However, TS detection methods encounter challenges like slow detection speed and a lack of robustness in complex environments. This paper suggests addressing these limitations by proposing the use of the you only look one version 7 (YOLOv7) network to detect and recognize TS in road scenes. Furthermore, the k-means++ algorithm is used to acquire anchor boxes. Additionally, a tiny version of YOLOv7 is used to take advantage of its real-time and low model size, which are required for real-time hardware implementation. So, we conducted an experiment using our proprietary Morocco dataset. According to the experimental results, YOLOv7 achieves 85% in terms of mean average precision (mAP) at 0.5 for all classes. And YOLOv7-tiny obtains 90% in the same term. Afterward, a recognition system for the prohibitive class using the convolutional neural network (CNN) is trained and integrated inside the YOLOv7 algorithm; its model achieves an accuracy of 99%, which leads to a good specification of the prohibitive sign meaning.
Support vector machine method for classifying severity of Alzheimer's based on hippocampus object using magnetic resonance imaging modalities
Authors: Supriyanti Retno , Riyanto Arif Pujo , Ramadhani Yogi , Aliim Muhammad Syaiful , Akbar Muhammad Irham , Widodo Haris Budi , Alqaaf Muhammad
Published: October 2024

Alzheimer's disease is a degenerative brain condition that causes progressive decline in several aspects. Starting from memory, cognitive or thinking abilities, speaking abilities, and behavior. Currently, Alzheimer's diagnosis uses some methods, such as blood tests, scanning with computerized tomography scan (CT scan), or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). As a reference for determining the level of severity, doctors usually use clinical dementia rating (CDR). CDR is a numerical scale used to measure the severity of dementia symptoms. The doctor will manually compare the patient's condition with those stated on the CDR. This condition will take quite a long time, and sometimes human error will occur. As technology and science develop, doctors can assist in manually detecting Alzheimer's using classification algorithms. Many methods can be used to classify, including the CDR support vector machine (SVM) method. Unfortunately, this method is usually only used to classify two classes. This technology allows the classification process to be carried out automatically and quickly. On the other hand, when using CDR to classify Alzheimer's severity, there are several scales, not just two classes. So, in this research, we modified the use of SVM to classify three levels of severity, namely scale 0 for normal, scale 1 for mild conditions, and scale 2 for moderate conditions. The experiments we carried out provided an accuracy of 90.9%.
Design and analysis of a Sub-6 GHz antenna array with high gain for 5G mobile phone applications
Authors: Bellekhiri Abderrahim , Chahboun Noha , Zbitou Jamal , Oukaira Aziz , Laaziz Yassin
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we designed, analyzed, and simulated a 32-element antenna array for the sub-6 GHz band. Each radiating element is a square patch on a Rogers RT5880 substrate, featuring a relative dielectric permittivity of 2.2, a low-loss tangent of 0.0009, and a thickness of 0.508 mm, measuring 28.1×28.1 mm². Simulations were conducted using two electromagnetic solvers, advanced design system (ADS) and CST Microwave Studio, providing a comprehensive comparison of the results. To achieve a high balance between performance and antenna size, two 4×8 array antenna structures were designed. The simulations demonstrated excellent input impedance matching around 3.5 GHz for both configurations, with high gains of 20.5 dBi for the first and 18 dBi for the second configuration, along with directional radiation patterns. The dimensions were 315×576×0.578 mm³ for the first configuration and 170×961×0.578 mm³ for the second. These performance metrics make the proposed antenna arrays highly suitable for wireless communication technologies operating below 6 GHz, particularly for 5G mobile communications.
The potential of virtual representations to help students in learning mathematics
Authors: Sari Yurizka Melia , Arlinwibowo Janu , Fatima Gupita Nadindra , Purwoko Dwi , Suprapto Suprapto
Published: October 2024

The study aims to conclude the benefits of virtual representation in helping students learn mathematics. To answer this goal, this research utilizes the meta-analysis method of two-group difference design. The data collection process used inclusion criteria. The data collection process was carried out with the PRISMA. The results of the effect analysis of the p-value < 5% (95% confidence interval) and the total effect of 1.1761 so that virtual representation has a significant influence. The analysis showed that i) implementation in each continent showed identical positive effects, ii) the number of students subjected to the treatment did not make a difference, iii) themes in mathematics were equally well affected with the help of virtual representation, iv) the effect of virtual representation in junior high school, high school, and university was identical, v) the development of competencies in attitude, knowledge, and skills was equally good, vi) among the many applications, GeoGebra was the application that had the greatest impact in helping students understand mathematics subject matter, and vii) the use of smartphones had a greater effect than other devices such as computers and calculators. To produce the maximum effect in understanding students, it is recommended to use mobile devices and GeoGebra software.
Time and wavelength diversity schemes for transdermal optical wireless links
Authors: Almajdoubah Rawan , Hasan Omar
Published: October 2024

Transdermal optical wireless communication systems have gained significant research and commercial attention in recent years. While using the skin as a transmission medium, the performance of such a system is influenced by the transdermal channel conditions between the transmitter and receiver. Indeed, for transdermal optical channel links, the performance of a linked communication system can be significantly affected by skin- induced attenuation and pointing errors. Extra attention has been given to diversity techniques to anticipate this. This research examines a conventional transdermal optical wireless system by analyzing the outage probability, an important performance parameter that has not been previously evaluated for such systems using the same method. In an examination of outage probability, both skin-induced attenuation and stochastic spatial jitter, also referred to as pointing error effects, are included. The usefulness of this topic is demonstrated using analytical formulas and results that determine the probability of system outage under various skin channel conditions and varying levels of stochastic pointing faults. Simulation model using Monte- Carlo simulation method was conducted using MATLAB to validate our suggestions. The simulation results showed a good agreement with numerical results, which proved the effectiveness of using wavelength and time diversity schemes to enhance transdermal optical wireless based systems.
Using deep learning to diagnose retinal diseases through medical image analysis
Authors: Azhibekova Zhanar , Bekbayeva Roza , Yussupova Gulbakhar , Kaibassova Dinara , Ostretsova Idiya , Muratbekova Svetlana , Kakabayev Anuarbek , Sultanova Zhanylsyn
Published: October 2024

The scientific article focuses on the application of deep learning through simple U-Net, attention U-Net, residual U-Net, and residual attention U-Net models for diagnosing retinal diseases based on medical image analysis. The work includes a thorough analysis of each model's ability to detect retinal pathologies, taking into account their unique characteristics such as attention mechanisms and residual connections. The obtained experimental results confirm the high accuracy and reliability of the proposed models, emphasizing their potential as effective tools for automated diagnosis of retinal diseases based on medical images. This approach opens up new prospects for improving diagnostic procedures and increasing the efficiency of medical practice. The authors of the article propose an innovative method that can significantly facilitate the process of identifying retinal diseases, which is critical for early diagnosis and timely treatment. The results of the study support the prospect of using these models in clinical practice, highlighting their ability to accurately analyze medical images and improve the quality of eye health care.
A max-max parametric demand response scheduling algorithm for optimizing smart home environment
Authors: Saroha Poonam , Singh Gopal
Published: October 2024

The majority of the power distribution problems are addressed in this study by outlining a scheduling and allocation system that is based on rules. The smart home environment incorporates the suggested model as the intermediate layer. In a smart home, managing overload and power failure is the primary goal of the suggested max-max-based demand response scheduling method. The proposed model is an extension of the demand response measure while considering the load and failure rate analysis. This model is applied in a real-time environment that processes the historical information of power usage in the environment. This model captures the information available by the resources, centralized database information, and the current request parameters. The control and configuration unit are defined to process the load, history, and demand of the users. In this model, effective resource allocation and scheduling are provided. The proposed model is compared against conventional first come-first serve (FCFS), shortest job first (SJF), longest job first (LJF), demand response, and fuzzy-based demand response methods. The comparative evaluation is done on average delay, failure rate, and task-switching parameters. The analysis results obtained against these parameters confirm that the presented max-max-based parametric demand response scheduling and resource allocation method enhanced the reliability and effectiveness of the smart home environment.
Research trends about Visual Basic as a programming language in the learning process: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Nurjaman Adi , Juandi Dadang , Supriyadi Edi , Hidayat Wahyu , Darhim Darhim
Published: October 2024

This study employs bibliometric analysis to systematically explore the Visual Basic (VB) education research landscape, identifying significant trends, influential authors, and future research directions. Utilizing data from Scopus-indexed journals, we examined 529 papers published between 1994 and October 2023, identified through the keywords "visual basic," "visualbasic," "teaching," and "learning." These papers were analyzed using Biblioshiny to generate a bibliometric map, following four steps: data harvesting, data screening, data visualization, and data analysis. Our research reveals critical VB programming trends from 1994 to 2023, with academic output peaking in 2010 and declining since 2007. Ongoing interest is noted due to legacy system applications. Global publication reach facilitates cross-border information exchange, and top affiliations and authors underscore extensive and influential participation in this field. The research emphasizes incorporating fundamental and advanced themes in educational curricula. It suggests future research focusing on new programming paradigms, longitudinal studies, and VB relevance to technological advancements and industrial needs. Enhanced collaboration, interdisciplinary research, and attention to global trends are essential for maintaining the relevance of VB programming education, optimizing legacy systems, improving educational practices, and preparing students for modern programming environments.
Enhanced Vigenere encryption technique for color images acting at the pixel level
Authors: Chemlal Abdelhakim , Tabti Hassan , El Bourakkadi Hamid , Rrghout Hicham , Jarjar Abdellatif , Benazzi Abdelhamid
Published: October 2024

The pixel unit is an essential component of many encryption schemes. In the beginning two substitution tables, separately constructed from chaotic maps namely, the logistic map, slanted tent map, and the AJ map, which has a very high Lyapunov exponent and is very sensitive to start factors, are used to make modifications at the pixel level. These S-Boxes have a maximum period and are produced from several linear congruential generators. This approach uses newly developed confusion and diffusion functions connected to the recently built substitution tables to perform a refined Vigenere strategy. The purpose of this chaining is to defend the system from differential assaults. Extensive simulations on a variety of image formats and sizes confirm our process’s robustness against identified dangers.