bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analytical Method Validation for Simultaneous Estimation of Domperidone and Omeprazole by RP-HPLC Method
Authors: Tanpure R. R. , Kolhe M. H. , Shinde G. S. , Bhor R. J.
Published: July 2023

The developed RP-HPLC technique lets in speedy and particular omeprazole and domperidone determinations, the goal of the current painting is to improve and extend the chromatographic circumstances, to broaden RP-HPLC method. a variety of mobility phases were tested for the duration of technique improvement, some of the numerous cell phases methanol, acetonitrile and phosphate buffer changed into discovered to be a perfect cell phase, because it provided optimal peak forms and high resolution. The go with the flow rate changed into optimized at 0.90 mL/min. The development of the isocratic elution method for omeprazole and domperidone made it perfect for quick and routine analysis. Omeprazole and domperidone linearity and correlation coefficient had been located to be 10 to 50 ug/mL 0.997, and 0.998, respectively. The restriction of detection for omeprazole and domperidone turned into discovered to be 1.78 and 3.15 and the limit of quantification changed into observed to be 544 and 956. With the assay procedure, the methodology has been recognized as accurate. The %assay become determined to be 98 and 73. The evolved technique changed into confirmed to an excellent accuracy and precision. The isocratic elution approach evolved for the dedication of omeprazole and domperidone perfectly suited for rapid and ordinary evaluation. This technique shows that right reproducibility of the effects. moreover this approach become easy, touchy, and accurate. Degradation studies had been accomplished, right here the drug stability outcomes have been within the variety of acceptance standards 85 to 115%. Moreover, this approach was easy, touchy, and correct.
Study on Control-release and Synchronized of Metformin Hydrochloride Drug from Hydrophilic Polymers AgNP/SCC-g-poly (AAc-AAm)
Authors: Aljeboree Aseel M. , Radia Nadher D. , Kadam Zeina M. , Faleh Yahya A. , Altimari Usama S. , Dawood Ashour H. , Alkaim Ayad F.
Published: July 2023

In this study, based on the free radical polymerization, a high-efficiency sodium carboxymethyl cellulose-grafted-Poly (acryl acid-acrylic amide) (SCC-g-Poly (AAc-AAm) hydrogel was prepared using initiators for the generation of free radicals (KPs) and a cross-linking agent, N,N’-Methylene-bis-acrylamide (MBA) as well as loading silver nanoparticles onto SCC-g-poly (AAc-AAm) hydrogel cross-linked by silver nitrate was added at the concentration (1000 mg/L) for about one day to load silver ions on the surface. utilized this AgNP/SCC-g-poly (AAc-AAm) hydrogel to drug release of metformin hydrochloride (MH) was studied at different acid mediums (pH = 7.4 and 1.2) and temperatures of 37℃. This study then studied the ability of the surface to release silver controlled. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) as well as Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), were among the techniques used to examine the prepared surface’s properties. The highest reported drug release rates occurred at (pH = 7.4) when the rate of drug release was 97.19% after 500 minutes. This is caused by the hydrogel containing COOH, C=O, and OH groups that ionize in the neutral medium (pH = 7.4), forming negative ions, which electrostatically repel each other with the unshared electron pair of the NH group. On the contrary to in an acidic medium (pH = 1.2), the hydrophilic groups included in the hydrogel composition are saturated, making them bond with hydrogen bonds with each other and the percentage of swelling of hydrogel is very small. Two different bacteria species (Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria) were used to study the AgNP/SCC-g-poly (AAc-AAm) hydrogel and the ability of the surface to inhibit the two types of bacteria.
Study the Effect of Polymers Type on Preparation and Characterization of Etoposide-loaded Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Ali Maha M. , Mahmod Wissam S. , Ali Afaq M.
Published: July 2023

In the last few years, the discoveries in pharmaceutical nanotechnology have triggered a revolution in the field of therapeutic, delivering an abundance of novel applications and actual approaches of metallic nanoformulations for the treatment and diagnosis of tenacious diseases. From this point of view, gold nanoparticles (GN) have been awarded an attractive platform for the development of efficient multifunctional therapeutic, controlled release systems, targeted delivery and diagnostic. The objective of this research was to prepare etoposide-loaded gold nanoparticles (E-GN) by incorporating of etoposide in to the functionalized GN by using different biocompatible polymers. In the present study, GN suspension was prepared by inverse citrate reduction method. Polymeric suspensions 19 (PGN 1-19) were prepared and characterized by atomic force microscopy measurement (AFM). The obtained results indicated that PGN10, PGN13, PGN17 and PGN19 with the preferable polymers and their concentration of (1-mg/mL HPMC-E5, 1-mg/mL PVA, 1.5 mg/mL gelatin and 0.5: 0.5 mg/mL of HPMC-E5: PVA combination) respectively, showed the better morphology, particles size (PS), and particles size distribution (PSD). Subsequently, eight formulas were prepared and optimized through the study of various variables as PS, PSD, etoposide loading efficiency (LE) and in-vitro dissolution profile. F7 revealed a greater LE of 99.39% with higher loading capacity (1 mg/mL) and in-vitro dissolution with controlled mode also, AFM results showed smooth surface nanoparticles, average PS (24.43 nm) with uniform PSD (9.84%). In addition, the result of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed a spherical uniform shape with zeta potential of -34.13. In conclusion, polymeric functionalization of GN improved the etoposide loading efficiency and capacity and controlled the in-vitro dissolution profile and enhanced their colloidal stability.
Exploration of Endophytic Fungi in the Kelakai (Stenochlaena palustris) and Their Antibacterial Effect
Authors: Mashar Harlyanti M. , Supriyono Teguh , Ismail Ismail , Ysrafil Ysrafil , . Dali
Published: July 2023

The Dayaknese consume Stenochlaena palustris for the treatment of various diseases. The plants contain chemical compounds that have the potential to be developed as antibiotics. This study aimed to isolate endophytic fungi from the leaves and stems of S. palustris, and further identify and assess the isolated endophytic fungi against microorganisms. The research was carried out in several stages, namely, isolation and purification of endophytic fungi, macroscopic and microscopic identification, activity test on isolates, fermentation and extraction of secondary metabolites, and evaluation of the antibacterial activity of the extracts using the disk diffusion method. This experimental laboratory research was conducted in Palangka Raya City, Central Kalimantan, with a test carried out at the Microbiology Laboratory of the Health Polytechnic Ministry of Health, Palangka Raya. The results showed 3 types of endophytic fungi: SpHtm, SpHjk, and Sporn, identified as Aspergillus sp., Paecilomyces sp., and Arthrocristula sp. The antimicrobial effect of the isolated fungi was assessed at various concentrations, i.e., 15, 30, and 45%, against S. aureus and E. coli. The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts of the SpHtm and SpHjk isolates did not demonstrate any inhibitory response to S. aureus at concentrations of 15, 30, and 45% and did a small inhibitory response to E. coli at an SpHtm concentration of 30% and an SpHjk concentration of 45%, with inhibition zone diameters of 11.63 ± 0.01 and 10.83 ± 0.02 mm, respectively.
Formulation and Optimisation of Microspheres of Leaves extract of Lantana camara 32 Design Approach
Authors: Mujbaile Smita , Khobragade Deepak , Mundhada Dharmenndra
Published: July 2023

The leaf extracts of plant Lantana camara shows significant antithrombin and thrombolytic activity. Modified release form of extract will show better therapeutics efficiency. In this work the extracts of plant L. camara-loaded polycaprolactone microspheres were prepared using the double emulsion method. 32 design approaches were used for the optimization of polycaprolactone and PVP concentration for response entrapment efficiency (Y1) and drug release (Y2). The microspheres of L. camara were analyzed for EE, FTIR, DSC, XRD and drug release. The entrapment efficiency of L. camara microspheres was in ranges of 62.25 to 84.04%. The particle size of optimized batch of microspheres was 789.6 (d. nm) with PDI 0.838. It shows pH dependant swelling with no interaction between drug and polymer was observed in DSC studies. The % drug release of all thirteen batches was in ranges of 87.91 to 99.04% for 12 hours duration. From the study we conclude the prepared L. camara loaded polycaprolactone microspheres show sustained release action for 12 hours.
Formulation and Evaluation of Punica granatum L Seed Oil-loaded Cosmetic Cream: Its In-vitro Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Ghurghure Shrishail M. , Phatak Atul A.
Published: July 2023

Cosmetic creams for the antioxidant activity of Punica granutum L seed oil (PSO) were formulated in different concentrations of oil in F1 to F6 formulations of cosmetic creams and their physicochemical properties were evaluated. There are several different pharmacological actions attributed to P. granutum L seed oil. The prepared cream was evaluated its properties like pH, resistance to flow, spreadability size, and surface charge value, and ex-vivo release study were performed. All results are found within the limit and it complies with the specification as per requirements. Good in-vitro DPPH scavenging activity was observed from the optimized batches throughout the preparation. To determine the stability profile, cosmetic creams containing PSO (Batches F1 through F6) were exposed to a three-month accelerated stability study in accordance with ICH recommendations. From this study it was concluded that prepared batches used for various treatments of skin disorders.
Implementing of Nursing Intervention on Knowledge, Perceived Stigma and Health related Outcomes among Patients with Hepatitis B Virus
Authors: Sabola Nabila E. , Hussien Shereen , Kamel Azziza , Elsalamony Marwa A. , Shahin Marwa A. , Ali Lamiaa A. , Loulah Samia A.
Published: July 2023

Background: Despite significant advances in the therapy components for hepatitis B virus (HBV) prevention and treatment, HBV-related stigma is seen as a major barrier to HBV management. The HBV-related health stigma has a direct negative impact on the process of healthcare delivery and medical decision-making. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of implementing the nursing intervention on knowledge, perceived stigma and Health-related outcomes among patients with hepatitis B Virus. Subjects and method: A quasi-experimental (pre -posttest) study research design was used. Study setting: The present study was carried out at Menoufia University Hospital (in-patient medical department) and well as in the out-patient medical department after patients discharge and followed up. Sampling. A purposive sample of 50 adult patients who were diagnosed with HBV virus. Results: The total mean knowledge score was significantly improved post-intervention than pre-intervention among studied HBV patients. The mean of hepatitis B stigma level reduced post-intervention. There were statistically significant improvements among studied patients’ related to some of abdominal, activity, and systemic symptoms post-intervention. There was a significant improvement for serum total bilirubin and serum ALT among studied patients post-intervention. There was a reverse correlation between hepatitis B knowledge and hepatitis B stigma post-intervention. Conclusion: Implementing a nursing intervention significantly enhances patient knowledge, lowers perceived stigma level and improves health-related outcomes. Recommendation: Establish periodic public awareness campaigns emphasizing hepatitis B virus transmission methods to discover new cases and control infection.
An Updated Overview on Personalized Medicine: The Next-Gen Paradigm
Authors: Sharma Himanshu , Bhadouria Urmi , Sharma Teenu , Chatterjee Arindam , Kumar Parveen
Published: July 2023

Personalized medicine is a translational approach that utilizes an individual’s genetic profile to guide illness prevention, diagnosis, and treatment choices. The human genome project data is being used to enhance personalized treatment. “Personalised” medicine is beneficial over “individualized” medicine as it suggests that future hazards may be predicted based on the individual’s genes. The advancement of technology for personalized medicine depends heavily on standardization, integration, and harmonization. The scientific practices at various research sites, the connection between science and healthcare, and the relationship between science, healthcare, and broader society, including the legal and ethical paradigms, the dominant cultural and political ethos, and the expectations of patients and citizens - all need to be in harmony. There are several descriptions of the current existing legislation that regulates genetic screening and genomic medical services in various countries around the world, highlighting discrepancies and specifying areas of law where harmonization may be needed to enable the use of individually tailored medication globally. The promise of personalized medicine can only be fulfilled by placing the individual at the centre of personalized medicine and tailoring care to each patient’s unique psychological and social needs in addition to their biological profiles.
Novel method of identifying spinal accessory nerve during modified radical neck dissection in level 2: “SMS Hospital point” and “Upward Pointing Arrow” sign
Authors: Sanjay Bhalgat Bhushan
Published: July 2023

Neck dissection is now a part and parcel in management of oral malignancies. Like all other surgical procedures, it has a few morbidities, which include iatrogenic trauma to the spinal accessory nerve leading to atrophy of ipsilateral trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscle. A few identification markers for the nerve have been described in the literature. The markers or structures described previously are not so accurate and give only an approximate idea of where the nerve could be. We have discovered a simple and easily reproducible marker and a sign which helps us identify the nerve each and every time without fail. The junction of posterior belly of digastric nerve, internal jugular vein, and spinal accessory nerve is the point where the proximal end of the nerve is found, and the structures together form an “upward pointing arrow” which helps identify the nerve precisely during neck dissection.
İlkokul Öğrencilerine Uygulanan Cimnastik ve Taekwondo Antrenmanlarının Denge, Esneklik ve Sıçrama Parametrelerine Etkisi
Authors: ÇİÇEK İsmail , TÜRKERİ Cenab
Published: July 2023

Bu çalışma 8-10 yaş aralığındaki ilkokul öğrencilerine uygulanan 8 haftalık cimnastik ve taekwondo antrenmanlarının denge, esneklik ve sıçrama parametrelerine etkisini incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmaya toplamda 30 öğrenci katıldı ve öğrenciler rastgele yöntemle cimnastik grubu (CG=10, X̄yaş=8.70±0,48), taekwondo grubu (TG=10, X̄yaş=8,20±0,42) ve kontrol grubu (KG=10, X̄yaş=9,50±0,52) olarak ayrıldı. CG ve TG 48 saat aralıklarla haftada 2 gün ve toplamda 8 hafta boyunca branşa özgü antrenmanlarını gerçekleştirdi. KG ise 8 hafta boyunca herhangi bir sportif aktiviteye katılmadı. Performansların değerlendirilmesi için katılımcılara Y dinamik denge testi, esneklik testi ve dikey sıçrama testi 8 haftanın öncesinde ve sonrasında uygulandı. Verilerin normallik dağılımını belirlemek için Shapiro-Wilk testi uygulandı. Verilerin normal dağılım göstermesi üzerine grup içi farkı belirlemek için Paired Sample T Test, gruplar arasındaki farkın belirlenebilmesi için ise Independent Sample T Test kullanıldı. Çalışma sonucunda CG ve TG’nin grup içi esneklik ve sıçrama ön ve test sonuçlarında anlamlı farklılıklar tespit edilirken (p<0,05), KG’de ise anlamlı fark bulunmadı. Grupların alt ve üst ekstremite dinamik denge grup içi karşılaştırma sonuçlarında CG lehine anlamlı farklılıklar bulunmasına karşın, TG’nin sadece sağ bacak anterior değerinde anlamlı farklılık tespit edildi (p<0,05). KG’de ise herhangi bir anlamlı farklılık bulunmadı. Gruplar arası karşılaştırma sonucunda alt ekstremite sol bacak composite değişkeninde CG lehine anlamlı bir fark tespit edilirken (p<0,05), diğer bütün değişkenlerde istatistiksel açıdan bir fark bulunmadı. Cimnastik antrenmanlarının taekwondo antrenmanlarına kıyasla denge, esneklik ve dikey sıçrama parametreleri üzerinde olumlu etkisinin daha yüksek olduğu sonucuna varıldı.
Proletarian Music and Modernism in the Context of N. A. Roslavets’ Post-Revolutionary Activities
Authors: Ямамото А.
Published: July 2023

Статья посвящается общественной и творческой деятельности композитора Н. А. Рославца после Октябрьской революции в области пролетарской музыки. Сопоставление художественного творчества композитора с его жизненными событиями показывает, что создавать музыку для масс он начал существенно позже, чем приступил к общественной работе (в 1922 и в 1917 годах соответственно). Публичные манифестации творческих намерений Рославца свидетельствуют о том, что он занялся пролетарской музыкой в попытке противостоять агитационному музыкальному творчеству для пролетариата начала 1920-х годов. Анализ его музыки демонстрирует при этом, что Рославец использовал собственный индивидуальный стиль и в своей пролетарской музыке. В результате автор статьи делает три вывода: во-первых, участие Рославца в пролетарской музыке не являлось компромиссом, а позиционировалось им как новое идейно-эстетическое направление творчества; во-вторых, пролетарская музыка Рославца заметно отличается от музыки других пролетарских композиторов — прежде всего, приверженностью собственной атональной технике и ее неожиданными сопоставлениями с тональными средствами; и наконец, феномен пролетарской музыки в интерпретации Рославца не выглядит противоположностью модернизма, а является своеобразным изводом его идейных и художественных оснований.

The article focuses on N. A. Roslavets’ social and creative activities after the October Revolution in the sphere of proletarian music. A comparison between the composer’s creative work and the events of his biography shows that his musical works for the proletarian masses (from about 1922) began markedly later than his social work (from 1917). Public manifestations of Roslavets’ creative intentions indicate that he engaged in proletarian music to counteract the agitational music-making for the proletariat of the early 1920s. An analysis of his music demonstrates, however, that Roslavets used his unconventional style in his proletarian music as well. As a result, the author draws three conclusions. First, Roslavets’ participation in proletarian music was not a compromise but was positioned by him as a new ideological and aesthetic direction of creativity. Second, Roslavets’ proletarian music differs markedly from that of other “proletarian composers,” above all in his enduring commitment to his atonal technique and its unexpected juxtaposition with tonal means. Finally, the phenomenon of proletarian music in Roslavets’ interpretation does not look like the opposite of modernism but is a derivation of its ideological and artistic foundations.
Mermin polytopes quantum computation and foundations
Authors: Okay Cihan , Chung Ho Yiu , Ipek Selman
Published: July 2023

Mermin square scenario provides a simple proof for state-independent contextuality. In this paper, we study polytopes $\MP_\beta$ obtained from the Mermin scenario, parametrized by a function $\beta$ on the set of contexts. Up to combinatorial isomorphism, there are two types of polytopes $\MP_0$ and $\MP_1$ depending on the parity of $\beta$. Our main result is the classification of the vertices of these two polytopes. In addition, we describe the graph associated with the polytopes. All the vertices of $\MP_0$ turn out to be deterministic. This result provides a new topological proof of a celebrated result of Fine characterizing noncontextual distributions on the CHSH scenario. $\MP_1$ can be seen as a nonlocal toy version of $\Lambda$-polytopes, a class of polytopes introduced for the simulation of universal quantum computation. In the $2$-qubit case, we provide a decomposition of the $\Lambda$-polytope using $\MP_1$, whose vertices are classified, and the nonsignaling polytope of the $(2,3,2)$ Bell scenario, whose vertices are well-known.
Espessamento do ligamento coracoumeral na capsulite adesiva — diagnóstico ultrassonográfico / Thickening of the coracohumeral ligament in adhesion capsulitis – ultrasonography diagnosis
Authors: Alvarenga Pedro Henrique de Oliveira , Silva Mayara Oliveira da , Duarte Márcio Luís
Published: July 2023

Introdução: A capsulite adesiva é uma patologia pouco recorrente por sua etiologia pouco definida e controversa. O diagnóstico inicia-se com a avaliação clínica da existência de comprometimento da mobilidade articular, observando-se a qualidade e a consistência dos movimentos de rotação interna e externa e abdução dos ombros. Objetivo: Relatar um caso de capsulite adesiva diagnosticado por meio de ultrassonografia. Relato do caso: Homem com 63 anos referindo grande limitação da movimentação do ombro esquerdo por dois meses, impossibilitando a execução de tarefas diárias. Ao exame físico, apresentou importante limitação de movimento da articulação do ombro esquerdo, com dificuldade para elevar e aduzi-lo e incapacidade de abduzir e rotacionar o ombro externa e internamente. O paciente também apresentou incapacidade para responder aos testes de Neer e Yokum. A ultrassonografia identificou espessamento do ligamento coracoumeral no ombro esquerdo, levando aodiagnóstico de capsulite adesiva. Conclusão: Os exames de imagem se mostraram efetivos no diagnóstico da capsulite adesiva, principalmente em virtude do espessamento do ligamento coracoumeral e da hipervascularização no intervalo rotador detectados por meio de ultrassonografia.Palavras-chave: Capsulite adesiva, Ligamentos articulares, Ultrassonografia, Articulação do ombro
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Adhesive capsulitis is a rare disease due to its etiology. The diagnosis of adhesive capsulitis begins with a clinical evaluation assessing the existence of impaired joint mobility, observing the quality and consistency of internal rotation, external rotation and shoulder abduction movements. Objective: To report a case of adhesive capsulitis diagnosed by ultrasound. Case Report: A 63-year-old man reporting severe limitation of left shoulder movement for two months, making it impossible for him to perform administrative tasks. On physical examination,he showed significant limitation of movement of the left shoulder joint, with difficulty in elevation and adduction of the shoulder, inability to perform abduction, external rotation, and internal rotation of the shoulder. The patient also showed an inability to respond to the Neer and Yokum tests. Ultrasonography identified the thickening of the coracohumeral ligament in the left shoulder, leading to the diagnosis of adhesive capsulitis. Conclusion: Imaging tests are effective in the diagnosis of adhesive capsulitis, mainly through coracohumeral ligament thickening andhypervascularization in the rotator interval detected by ultrasonography.Keywords: Adhesive capsulitis, Cohumeral ligament, Ultrasonography, Shoulder joint
Development of a Copper-Catalyzed Thiopyridyl Ester Synthesis and Application to the Total Synthesis of Halichondrin B 1020
Authors: Aitken Harry , Hosseyni Seyedmorteza , Quach Rachelle , Kishi Yoshito
Published: July 2023

We present an efficient coupling of alkyl halides with 2,2'-dithiopyridyl carbonate to synthesize thiopyridyl esters, valuable building blocks in the preparation of ketones, amides and esters. This reaction is catalyzed by low-valent copper-mediated alkyl radical generation and typically proceeds in high yields (up to 96% yield; 26 examples) with good functional group tolerance. This methodology was showcased in the first total synthesis of halichondrin B 1020 and facilitated a divergent synthesis of the latently symmetrical left half spiroketal.
Concise synthesis of (±)-fortuneicyclidins and (±)-cephalotine B enabled by Pd-catalyzed dearomative spirocyclization
Authors: Uwabe Yota , Muto Kei , Yamaguchi Junichiro
Published: July 2023

Total syntheses of C11-oxygenated Cephalotaxus alkaloids, fortuneicyclidins A and B, and cephalotine B, were achieved. The key for the synthesis is a Pd-catalyzed dearomative spirocyclization of bromofurans with N-tosylhydrazones, followed by acid-mediated tandem transformation to construct the tetracyclic skeleton with the C11-oxygen functional group. Chemo-selective and catalytic functional group conversions of the tetracyclic intermediate completed the synthesis of fortuneicyclidins and cephalotine B in 8 and 9 steps, respectively.
Droplet-based µChopper device with a 3D-printed pneumatic valving layer and a simple photometer for absorbance based fructosamine quantification in human serum
Authors: Kayirangwa Yvette , Mohibullah Md , Easley Christopher
Published: July 2023

The development of microfluidic systems for biological assays presents challenges, particularly in adapting traditional optical absorbance assays to smaller volumes or to microfluidic formats. This often requires assay modification or translation to a fluorescence version, which can be impractical. To address this issue, our group has developed the µChopper device, which uses microfluidic droplet formation as a surrogate for an optical beam chopper, allowing for lock-in analysis and improved limits of detection with both absorbance and fluorescence optics without modifying the optical path length. Here, we have adapted the µChopper to low-cost optics using a light-emitting diode (LED) source and photodiode detector, and we have fabricated the pnuematically valved devices entirely by 3D printing instead of traditional photolithography. Using a hybrid device structure, fluidic channels were made in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) by moulding onto a 3D-printed master then bonding to a prefabricated thin layer, and the pneumatic layer was directly made of 3D-printed resin. This hybrid structure allowed an optical slit to be fabricated directly under fluidic channels, with the LED interfaced closely above the channel. Vacuum-operated, normally closed valves provided precise temporal control of droplet formation from 0.6 to 2.0 Hz. The system was validated against the standard plate reader format using a colorimetric fructosamine assay and by quantifying fructosamine in human serum from normal and diabetic patients, where strong correlation was shown. Showing a standard benefit of microfluidics in analysis, the device required 6.4-fold less serum volume for each assay. This µChopper device and lower cost optical system should be applicable to various absorbance based assays in low volumes, and the reliance on inexpensive 3D printers makes it more accessible to users without cleanroom facilities.
Understanding and Control of Zener Pinning via Phase Field and Ensemble Learning
Authors: Manna Sukriti , Chan Henry , Ghosh Avishek , Chakraborti Tamoghna , Sankaranarayanan Subramanian
Published: July 2023

Zener pinning refers to the dispersion of fine particles which influences grain size distribution \textit{via} movement of grain boundaries in a polycrystalline material. Grain size distribution in polycrystals has a significant impact on their properties including physical, chemical, mechanical, and optical to name a few. We explore the use of Phase-field modeling and machine-learning techniques to understand and improve the control of grain size distribution \textit{via} Zener pinning in polycrystalline materials. We develop a machine learning model that determines the relative importance of various parameters to exercise microstructure control \textit{via} Zener pinning. Our workflow combines high-throughput phase-field simulations and machine learning to address the computational bottlenecks associated with large-scale simulations as well as identify features necessary for microstructure control in polycrystals. A random forest (RF) regression model was developed to predict grain sizes based on five Phase-field model parameters, achieving an average prediction error of 0.72 nm for the training data and 1.44 nm for the test data. The importance of the input parameters is analyzed using the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) approach which reveals that diffusivity, volume fraction, and particle diameter are the most important parameters in determining the final grain size. These findings will allow us to select the best second-phase particles, optimize grain size distributions and thus design microstructures with the desired properties. The developed method is a highly versatile and generalizable approach that can be used to assess the combined effects of individual features in the presence of multiple variables.
HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY OF THE NOVOTORZHSKIY UEZD OF THE MIDDLE AGES AND EARLY MODERN TIMES IN RUSSIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY
Authors: Менделеев Н.Д.
Published: July 2023

Статья посвящена вопросам изучения исторической географии Новоторжского уезда периода средневековья и раннего нового времени. Новоторжская земля привлекала внимание исследователей в историко-географическом аспекте со второй половины XIX в. Однако собственно территориально-административная система Новоторжской земли была в общих чертах рассмотрена лишь Ю.В. Готье, Л.А. Бассалыго и В.Л. Яниным. Чаще всего внимание исследователей привлекали пограничные пункты, участки новгородско-тверской границы, имевшие стратегическое значение в период феодальной раздробленности. Слабо исследован вопрос о великокняжеских владениях, поселенческая структура, территориальные параметры ее губ-волостей, и развития поселенческих центров в Новоторжской земле в эпоху средневековья и раннее новое время.

The article is devoted to the Russian historiography of the historical geography of Novotorzhsky uyezd in the Middle Ages and early modern times. However, the territorial and administrative system of Novotorzhskaya Zemlya has been studied in general terms only by Y. V. Gautier, L. A. Bassalygo and V. L. Yanin. More often the attention of researchers was attracted by the frontier points, parts of the Novgorod-Tver border, which had strategic importance in the period of feudal fragmentation. The issue of grand-ducal possessions, settlement structure, territorial parameters of its provinces, and development of settlement centers in Novotorzhskaya land in the Middle Ages and early modern times are poorly investigated.
SOCIO-PROFESSIONAL IMAGE OF GRADUATES OF THE TVER CAVALRY SCHOOL ON THE EVE AND DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR
Authors: Канищев В.В.
Published: July 2023

Целью статьи является создание коллективного портрета группы офицеров-кавалеристов начала XX в. Автор поставил задачи рассмотреть социально-профессиональный облик данной группы на 1914 г., выявить их боевые пути в годы Первой мировой войны. Статья основана на изучении разнообразной справочно-статистической и военной делопроизводственной документации. Основным методом была просопография (построение коллективного портрета), а также микроанализ нетипичных проявлений в облике и боевом пути отдельных офицеров, выпускников одного из училищ – Тверского кавалерийского. В результате просопографического анализа установлено, что общими чертами социально-профессионального облика изученной группы офицеров были дворянское сословное происхождение и доминирование службы в профильных воинских частях. Служба в годы мировой войны проявлялась в примерно одинаковом участии в кампаниях или же нахождении в тылу.

The purpose of the article is to create a collective portrait of a group of cavalry officers of the early 20th century. The author set the task to consider the social and professional appearance of this group in 1914, to identify their combat paths during the First World War. The article is based on the study of various reference-statistical and military office documentation. The main method was prosopography (building a collective portrait), as well as microanalysis of atypical manifestations in the appearance and combat path of individual officers, graduates of one of the schools - the Tver Cavalry. As a result of prosopographic analysis, it was established that common features of the socio-professional appearance of the studied group of officers were noble class origin and the dominance of service in specialized military units. Service during the World War was manifested in approximately the same participation in campaigns or being in the rear.
ATTEMPTS TO CHRISTIANIZE NIZHNY NOVGOROD MUSLIMS IN THE MIDDLE OF THE XVIII CENTURY
Authors: Костенюк Н.В.
Published: July 2023

Статья посвящена сложной исторической ситуации середины XVIII в., когда в России осуществлялись активные попытки обращения в православие неславянских народов Среднего Поволжья, в том числе нижегородских татар-мусульман. Показана подготовка властями правовых оснований для деятельности миссионеров в целях христианизации иноверцев. Кампания, развернутая Конторой новокрещенских дел, рассматривается автором в неразрывной связи с государственной политикой того времени. Последствия деятельности указанной Конторы исследуются с привлечением впервые вводимых в научный оборот архивных источников. Показана сила веры нижегородских татар-мусульман, проявившаяся в условиях давления на них со стороны государства.

The article covers difficult historical situation of the middle of the XVIII century when in Russia there were made active attempts towards non-russian population of the Middle Volga region, including Tatar Muslims of the Nizhny Novgorod Region, to convert them to Orthodoxy. The author shows how the authorities prepared legal basis for the missionary activity with the purposes of Christianization of so-called non-Christians. The campaign launched by the New Christians` Office is treated by the author in inseparable connection with the state politics of that time. The consequences of the activity of the mentioned Office are researched with the involvement of the archive historical sources introduced into scientific use for the first time. There is shown the force of faith of the Tatar Muslims of the Nizhny Novgorod Region that manifested in circumstances of pressure on them coming from the state.
KHẢ NĂNG LƯU TRỮ CACBON CỦA THẢM CỎ BIỂN TẠI ĐẦM LĂNG CÔ, TỈNH THỪA THIÊN HUẾ
Authors: Nguyễn Tú Uyên , Trần Ngọc Khánh Ni , Ngô Hữu Bình , Nguyễn Hữu Chí Tư , Hoàng Thị Bình Minh , Mai Anh Thư , Zschiesche Michael , Hoàng Công Tín
Published: July 2023

Thảm cỏ biển đóng vai trò quan trọng trong việc giảm thiểu biến đổi khí hậu thông qua việc hấp thụ CO2 từ khí quyển và chuyển cacbon thành sinh khối nhờ quá trình quang hợp. Chúng tôi đã sử dụng công nghệ viễn thám và GIS, kết hợp với dữ liệu khảo sát thực địa, để thành lập bản đồ phân bố và sinh khối khô trên mặt đất của hệ sinh thái thảm cỏ biển tại Đầm Lăng Cô vào năm 2021. Một ảnh vệ tinh Landsat 8 OLI đã được sử dụng trong quá trình giải đoán. Một bản đồ sinh khối khô trên mặt đất được thành lập thông qua việc xây dựng hàm hồi quy giữa sinh khối khô trên mặt đất và phổ phản xạ của các kênh ảnh Landsat. Độ chính xác tổng thể và hệ số Kappa là 95,5% và 0,94. Tại Đầm Lăng Cô, diện tích thảm cỏ biển năm 2021 chiếm khoảng 36,18 ha, phân bố chủ yếu ở các khu vực giao giữa Thị trấn Lăng Cô và phía Bắc của đầm; rải rác tại phía Bắc của đầm, Hói Cạn, Hói Dừa và Hói Mít. Ngoài ra, tổng trữ lượng cacbon của cỏ biển ở Đầm Lăng Cô là 5,54 tấn cacbon, tương đương với 20,32 tấn CO2; trong đó, sự đóng góp của loài Halodule uninervis chiếm 61% tổng trữ lượng cacbon.
Features of Urban Cemeteries
Authors:   Irkutsk State University, Potapova E. V. , Makarov A. A. ,   Irkutsk State University, Thea M. ,   Irkutsk State University
Published: July 2023

Cemeteries in the Russian Federation are special purpose green areas that affect human habitat and health and, according to legislation, must be separated by gaps of a specified width and structure from residential development, landscape and recreational areas and other areas. In many countries of the world, burial sites are traditionally covered to some extent by vegetation, which is preserved for many decades and is under state protection. Research on the placement and maintenance of cemeteries is quite relevant, as their number on the territories of large settlements, is large and increases every year, and their occupied areas to tens of hectares, features of the structure, are of interest to various sciences. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the location of cemeteries and the structure of their sanitary breaks in some cities of the world and Russia. As a method of research, it is proposed to use descriptions of remote sensing data in the form of special forms-tables on the sides of the world with the allocation of 10 types of elements – residential and administrative buildings, roads and railways, educational institutions and water bodies, car parks and other structures, areas occupied by plantations and bare soil. When studying the adjacent territories to cemeteries in the USA, Germany, France, Russia and other countries (more than 50 objects were studied in total, information about 8 is presented in the article), the predominance of roads of various coverage (from 10 to 59%) was noted, on Mount Olivet, Meudon and Saint Mary's are educational institutions. A considerable share is occupied by residential (marked within the boundaries of five out of eight cemeteries) and administrative buildings, which are present on the territory of sanitary gaps of all cemeteries. There is no special protective landscaping.
Spatial Structure of Geosystems of the Central Part of Barguzinsky Ridge
Authors:   V. B. Sochava Institute of Geography SB RAS, Sedykh S. A.
Published: July 2023

The article presents the results of the landscape study, with the analysis of landscapes and mapping of the area of the 151 km2 polygon. The polygon is located in theми Eastern Transbaikal, covering the part of the Urbican basin and its mountainous frame. For the analysis of the structure of geosystems and the estimation of disturbance, the basic geosystem approach is applied to modern geoinformation-cartographic and remote methods. Based on of V. B. Sochava’s theory of geosystems it is meant for use in processing and ordering a large body of information. The regional background and the main factors of the landscape differentiation of the study areas were analyzed. It is established that the main factors influencing the landscape diversity are the aspect and steepness of the slopes, the composition and structure of rocks, the absolute height, the amount of atmospheric precipitation, and pyrogenic impacts. The high-altitude, middle and lower parts of the Urbican basin differ from each other in terms of the development of geosystems in different high-altitude tiers, when the influence of the climatic factor and cryolithomorphic with slope-cryogenic processes increases with altitude. Geosystems at the level of homogeneous facies and their groupings are displayed on a large-scale map at a scale of 1:50,000. taking into account natural and pyrogenic characteristics. The assessment of changes in the structure since the work of the Barguzin expedition of 1914–1915 under the influence of fires was carried out, while the emphasis was placed on the change of the dark coniferous component in the vegetation cover.
Modeling the Dependence of the Area and Volume of Posolsky Bay from the Level of Lake Baikal
Authors:   Baikal State University, Boldanova E. V.
Published: July 2023

The article is devoted to the issues of regulating the level of Lake Baikal and assessing its consequences. Posolsky and Maly bays of Lake Baikal are of great fishery importance. It is here that the larvae of the omul of Posolsky population feed themselves. The survival of juveniles depends on fluctuations in the areas and volumes of these reservoirs. The purpose of this study is to determine the dependence of the areas and water bodies of the Posolsky and Maly bays on the level of Lake Baikal. To achieve this goal, the tasks of choosing indices for determining the coastline from Sentinel-2 satellite images, processing the initial data, calculating the areas of reservoirs at different levels of Baikal, estimating the model parameters and using it to build a digital elevation model (DEM) were set and solved. A number of indices for determining the boundaries of a reservoir are considered, and the NDWI index is chosen based on the overall accuracy and Cohen's kappa coefficient. With the help of the DEM, the volumes of reservoirs were determined. The obtained dependencies allowed us to conclude that at the level of the lake. Baikal, within the limits of 456.2-456.8 m of the Pacific height system, slight changes in areas and volumes are observed, which can be considered safe for the survival of omul juveniles. The most critical changes occur when the lake level drops below 456.0 m and exceeds 457.0 m. The results obtained will make it possible to make more informed decisions on lake level regulation.
Territorial Differentiation of the Population Demographic Structure of Siberian Regions
Authors:   V. B. Sochava Institute of Geography SB RAS, Dmitrieva Yu. N.
Published: July 2023

The purpose of the work is to identify the features and factors of the formation of territorial differentiation of demographic structures of the population of the Siberian macroregion. The article analyzes the dynamics of the total population in the regions of Siberia over a twenty-year period. The author presents absolute and relative indicators of population growth and decline in the regional context. Significant territorial disparities in the number and proportions of three population groups were revealed: younger than working age, able-bodied and older than working age in the context of regions. The author constructed and analyzed the features of regional sex and age pyramids. The factors of territorial differentiation of demographic structures were general socio-demographic processes characteristic of Russian society as a whole, and regional demographic features: the migration attractiveness of regions with extractive industries, the aging of the population as a result of natural and migration decline, higher birth rates in the national republics of Siberia. The paper identifies and maps three main types of demographic structures of the population: progressive, stationary, regressive. It has been established that in the Siberian macroregion, over a twenty-year period, the progressive type of age structure in terms of working capacity has been replaced by a stationary type. The study focuses on the fact that in the general population structure in territories with a progressive type of demographic structure in 2021, 20 % of the population lived, with a stationary type of 35 %, with a regressive type of 45 % of the inhabitants of Siberia. Thus, the structure of the population of Siberia in terms of working capacity is more favorable in terms of the development of socio-demographic and economic potential than the average in Russia, where 7 % of the total population structure of residents live in territories with a progressive type of demographic structure.
Trends of Temperature Regime Changes on the Territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan during the Cold Period
Authors:   Ufa University of Science and Technology, Kamalova R. G. ,   Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, Fatkhutdinova R. Sh. ,   Ufa University of Science and Technology, Kurbanova L. A. ,   Ufa University of Science and Technology, Firstov A. O. ,   Ufa University of Science and Technology
Published: July 2023

The results of the study of changes in the thermal regime in the cold period on the territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan are presented. The relevance of this study is due to the fact that the observed climatic changes may have different intensity within the Bashkir Pre-Urals, the Southern Urals and the Bashkir Trans-Urals. The assessment of regional changes in the thermal regime of the cold period was carried out on the basis of methods of statistical analysis of data from long-term observations, traditionally used in studies of this kind. The statistical significance of the values was estimated at a 95% confidence level. The data of observations at 30 meteorological stations of the republic in the period 1961-2020 were used for the analysis. It was found that the average monthly air temperatures tend to increase, statistically significant temperature increases are characterized by January (0.64°C/10 years), February (0.57°C/10 years) and March (0.47°C/10 years). The air temperature increases more significantly in the Pre-Urals (0.16-0.70°C/10 years), the smallest increase is observed in the Trans-Urals (0.13-0.40°C/10 years). In the considered 60-year period, more than half of the cases of temperature anomalies relate to the criteria of “warm season” (24 cases – 40.0%) and “very warm season” (7 cases – 11.7%). A reduction in the duration of the cold period in the republic was revealed due to the shift of its start date to a later date (1.8 days/10 years), and the end – to an earlier date (-1.0 days/10 years). During the correlation analysis, it was found out that the increase in air temperatures in the cold period is associated with a decrease in the blocking processes of the Scandinavian oscillation and an increase in zonal circulation created by the Arctic and North Atlantic oscillations.
Organization Problems of Recreational Forest Zones on the Example of the Irkutsk Dendrology Park
Authors:   V. B. Sochava Institute of Geography SB RAS, Kitov A. D. , Popov P. L. ,   V. B. Sochava Institute of Geography SB RAS
Published: July 2023

In the structure of urban space, landscaping areas are extremely important due to purifying, environmental, aesthetic, scientific, educational and recreational functions. However, when creating green areas of cities, certain difficulties arise both in the implementation of legislative acts and in the design and implementation of planned works. The article discusses the features of the “Arboretum” of the Akademgorodok of Irkutsk. The history of its formation is presented. Taking into account these historically established conditions of formation and the initial concept of the park, which is close in its functions to the type of botanical garden, the problems that arose during its planning and implementation of the arrangement are considered. The following problems are noted: expansion of areas for buildings at the expense of green spaces; implementation of standard proposals for landscaping (placement of objects such as children's playgrounds, sports grounds and dog walking, scenes for entertainment events, etc.); excessive increase in the infrastructure of the park due to the excessively wide path network, flower beds with retaining walls, observation decks, etc., instead of increasing the plant diversity of the “Arboretum” and information support for scientific, educational and recreational functions corresponding to its basic concept. Recommendations for the improvement of the arboretum are proposed, enhancing its health, scientific and educational functions.