bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Needle stick injuries in healthcare workers of a secondary Care Hospital, Pakistan.
Authors: Khan Sahrish , Rahman Atiq-ur- , Baig Muhammad Safdar , Raza Muhammad Hashim , Rasul Faiz , Imran Muhammad
Published: March 2020

Needle Stick Injury (NSI) is a percutaneous piercing wound typically dealing with sharps. Needle stick injuries are the most common health care workers issue worldwide. The causes include various factors like type and design of needle, recapping activity, handling/transferring specimens, collision between HCWs or sharps, during clean-up, manipulating needles in patient line related work, passing/handling devices or failure to dispose of the needle in puncture proof containers. NSIs may transmit other bacterial, fungal, or viral infections, including blastomycosis, cryptococcosis, diphtheria, herpes, malaria, mycobacteriosis, spotted fever and syphilis. Objectives: To determine frequency of needle stick injury among health care workers. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: District Headquarter Hospital Layyah. Period: Jan to March 2019. Material & Methods: Sample size was 161. A structured pre-tested questionnaire containing both open and close-ended questions was administered during the period of Jan-March 2019. Results: Out of 161 participants, 114 (70.8%) reported having a needle stick injury at least once during their clinical practice and the frequency of NSIs was significantly higher among nurses (76.7%) as compared to Doctors (50%), Laboratory staff (45.5%) and waste handlers (70.8 %). Conclusion: Study concludes that in absence of the routine collection of accurate data on NSIs, small studies have been useful in highlighting which groups of HCWs are most at risk from NSIs.
Neurosurgical burden of hydrocephalus in a tertiary care hospital in the developing world.
Authors: Khan Bilal , Khan Muhammad Usman , Ahmad Aftab , Haqqani Usman
Published: March 2020

Objectives: To know about the Neurosurgical burden of Hydrocephalus in a tertiary care hospital, in developing world. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Department of Neurosurgery, MTI/LRH Peshawar. Period: September 2015 to August 2016. Material & Methods: The age, gender, indication for surgery, type of surgery and mode of surgery i.e. whether as elective or emergency, was recorded on a proforma.  All patients undergoing surgery primarily for hydrocephalus due to any cause were included in the study. Patients undergoing surgery for indications other than hydrocephalus as well as patients primarily explored for other etiologies and intervened for hydrocephalus in the midst of procedure were excluded from the study. Results: During the study period a total of 2844 patients were operated and amongst them were 437 (15.34%) cases operated for hydrocephalus. Of them were 242 males and 195 females, and the male to female ratio was 1.24.  The age range was one month to 68 years and the mean age was 5±4.8 years. There were 250 new shunts and 69 revisions and 13 removal procedures, 70(2.4%) endoscopic hydrocephalus related procedures, 28 external ventricular drains and 7 lumboperitoneal shunts. 189 cases were done on elective list while 248 as emergency. Conclusion: Every 3rd case done on emergency list and every 10th case done on elective list was related to hydrocephalus and accounted for 16% of all the cases done in the neurosurgery.
The frequency of infectious complications between mechanical bowel preparation and no preparation in elective colonic surgery.
Authors: Adil Sabeen , Aslam Faiqa , Usman Muhammad
Published: March 2020

Mechanical bowel preparation (MBP) is the cleansing technique used clean up the large gut using oral cathartic agents like polyethylene glycol, sodium phosphate, sodium Pico sulfate, and magnesium citrate. Objectives: To compare the frequency of infectious complications between mechanical bowel preparation and no preparation in elective colonic surgery. Study Design: Randomized control trial. Setting: OPD or Indoor Surgical unit 5, DHQ Hospital, Faisalabad. Period: 1st January 2017 to 31st Dec 2018. Material & Methods: Patients diagnosed of malignant tumors of colon, appendix or cecum were included in study. Group A: mechanical bowel preparation done according to standard protocols, group B no mechanical bowel preparation was done. All patients were followed regularly for 2 weeks for presence or absence of surgical site infections and anastomotic leakage. Results: In this study, surgical site infection in both groups was compared, it shows that 18.59% (n=37) in Experimental group and 9.55% (n=19) in Control group had SSI while 81.41% (n=162) in Experimental group and 90.45% (n=180) in Control group bad no SSI, p - value was calculated as 0.009 showing a significant difference. Comparison of surgical anastomotic leakage in both groups was done, it shows that 2.51% (n=5) in Experimental group and 1.51% (n=3) in Control group had anastomotic leakage, p - value was calculated as 0.47 showing insignificant difference. Conclusion: We concluded that no mechanical bowel preparation is significantly better than mechanical bowel preparation in elective colonic surgery in terms of post-operative surgical site infection.
Comparing prescribed and delivered doses in ICU patients on continuous renal replacement therapy at King Fahad Hospital Saudi Arabia.
Authors: Manzoor Adil , Bhatt Ahmed , Singh Gurdeep , Yunus Faisel
Published: March 2020

The outcomes of several studies   to assess the dose of dialysis during renal replacement therapy (RRT) created confusion among the clinicians to considered that dose of dialysis can influence the outcomes of patients with acute kidney injury (AKI). Suitable dose of CRRT is associated with improved survival in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI). Among different studies Effluent Volume per weight and unit time (mL/kg/h) used to express prescribed effluent rates, in our study same unit used express the effluent rates. Purpose of this study is to find the difference among dosage of CRRT based on effluent rate prescription and actual delivered effluent rate by monitoring records of dialysis. Study Design: Prospective observational cohort study. Setting: King Fahad Hospital Medina Saudi Arabia. Period: 1st June 2016 to 31st December 2016. Material & Methods: Two hundred acute kidney injury patients admitted in ICU on CRRT at rate of 20ml/kg using pre-filter continuous venovenous hemodia-filtration (CVVHDF), among (AKI) patients prescribed doses were compared with the actual dose with in the duration of 24 hours to find out   difference between   prescribed and actual dose. Results: Findings of our study shows that. Mean average dose of dialysis delivered per day was only 16 hours which is 21% of prescription of pre-dilution CVVHDF.  Patients were receiving 14ml/Kg of continues renal replacement therapy (CRRT) with the lack of 21% dilution correction factor. The average number of hours/day on continuous renal replacement therapy was 14.1±2.41, with a mean flow rate of 1.36±0.31 L/h (averaged over 24 h). The delivered doses were significantly lowered then the prescribed doses with (P < 0.001). 30% of doses was missing during CRRT among patients with acute kidney diseases admitted in ICU at king Fahad hospital Saudi Arabia (P-value <0.001). Conclusions: We concluded that during dialysis patients did not received the prescribed dose in comparison to actual delivered dose which effects the survival of critical ill patients with acute kidney injury.
Frequency of excellent Laryngeal mask airway insertion conditions in children undergoing elective surgery: A comparison of propofol with ketofol.
Authors: Ahmad Humaira , Tariq Amna , Sagheer Asif , Ahmad Aisha , Aslam Samina
Published: March 2020

Objectives: The laryngeal mask airway is used for provision of anesthesia for various surgical procedures as well as in emergency management of airway. It is a useful rescue tool in cases of failed intubation. Its insertion is associated with lesser complications. With advancement in medical equipment new versions of LMA with additional benefits are available. In this study evaluation of frequency of excellent LMA insertion conditions with use of ketofol or propofol as induction agent has to be evaluated. Purpose of the study is to identify which agent will provide favourable conditions for insertion, with least complications. Study Design: Randomized control trial. Setting: Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Allied Hospital and Aziz Fatimah Hospital, Faisalabad. Period: From 01-01-2017 to 30-06-2018. Material & Methods: Approval from ethical review committee was obtained. 230 children presenting for elective surgery were enrolled into study using non-probability consecutive sampling. Two groups consisting of 115 each were generated by randomization. Group P received propofol and Group PK received 2:1 propofol ketamine mixture. Ease of LMA insertion was assessed on the basis of degree of muscle relaxation and adverse reactions to LMA insertion. Data was collected and analysed using SPSS version 18. Results: Results were presented in terms of frequency of excellent LMA insertion conditions. It showed that ketofol provides better LMA insertion as compared to propofol alone with p value of 0.007, which is significant. Conclusion: The study concluded that use of ketofol provides excellent insertion conditions for LMA insertion in children presenting for elective surgery.
Frequency of elevated plasma homocysteine (Hcy) levels among type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.
Authors: Ansari Tahreem , Jami Ajmaal , Rabbani Bushra , - Ghazanfar , Khalil Mahnoor , Jamal Qaiser
Published: March 2020

Objectives: To determine the frequency of elevated plasma homocysteine (Hcy) levels among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Department of Medicine, Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi. Period: From 28 September 2012 to 26 March 2015. Material & Methods: Type 2 Diabetic patients fulfilling inclusion criteria were enrolled. Patients with conditions known to cause altered homocysteine levels were excluded. Patients’ HbA1c and fasting serum homocysteine levels were obtained. Level >15 μmol/L was labeled as elevated.  Data was collected with the help of Performa. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21. Results: (90) ninety patients were enrolled in this study during study period with mean age of 61.5±7.3 years. Of (90) ninety patients, 45 (50%) were male and 45 (50%) were female with male to female ratio of 1:1. Mean duration of diabetes was 6.9±1.7 years. 40 (44.44%) cases were of controlled diabetes and 43 (47.7%) were on treatment. Of 90 patients 36 (40%) patients had Homocysteinemia. Homocysteine levels were found to be significantly raised in males 51.1% v/s 28.8% (p<0.03), older patients (>60 years of age) 55.5% v/s 16.6% (p<0.001), having diabetes for > 7 years, 59.2% v/s 17%(p<0.00004), in 21% v/s 57.4% cases who were and were not on treatment respectively (p<0.0004), in 22.5% patients with controlled diabetes and 54% patients with uncontrolled diabetes respectively (p<0.002). Conclusion: Hyperhomocystenemia is prevalent (40%) in type 2 diabetics with statistically significant raised levels in males, >60 years of age, non-compliant diabetics, have long duration diabetes, and uncontrolled disease.
Spectrum of benign and malignant hematological diseases diagnosed in Quetta on bone marrow aspiration.
Authors: Dogar Ayesha samad , Marri Tariq mehmood , Marri Tariq mehmood , Farooq Hafiz ather
Published: March 2020

Objectives: Bone marrow aspiration is a diagnostic test for various hematological disorders. Present study was designed to determine the percentages and frequency of benign and malignant hematological disorders diagnosed on bone marrow aspiration in Quetta. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Department of Hematology Sandeman Provincial Teaching Hospital Quetta and Bolan Medical Complex Quetta. Period: From Jan 2015 to Jan 2019. Material & Methods: The demographic variables were age and gender of the patients, while the research variables were benign hematological disorders and malignant hematological disorders. All the variables were presented in percentages and frequencies. Results: Out of total 478 hematological disorders 241(50.4%) were diagnosed with benign and 237(49.6%) were malignant hematological disorders. Majority of the patients were in the age range between 1-10 years. 62.3% was the male population whereas females comprised of only 37.7%. Megaloblastic Anemia having 14.2% was found to be the most common benign hematological disorders followed by Aplastic Anemia with 11.7% cases and Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura was present in 9.2%. Among the malignant disorders Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia 19%, Chronic Myeloid Leukemia 8.3% and Acute Myeloid Leukemia were found to be 5.8%. Conclusion: The most common benign hematological disorders were Megaloblastic anemia and Aplastic anemia whereas Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia and Chronic Myeloid Leukemia were the most remarkable malignant hematological disorder diagnosed on bone marrow aspiration in Quetta.
Severity of chronic asthma in children 2 to 12 years, presenting to a Tertiary Care Hospital.
Authors: Soomro Athar , Chohan Muhammad Nadeem , Khan Nehan Adil , Nayab Tarim
Published: March 2020

Objectives: To determine the frequency of severity of Chronic asthma (never taken controller therapy) in children 2 to 12 years, presenting to Pediatric Out Door Department. Liaquat National Hospital Karachi. Study Design: Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study. Setting: Department of Pediatrics Medicine, Liaquat National Hospital Karachi. Period: From June 2016 to December 2016. Material & Methods: A total of 106 children with symptoms of airflow obstruction characterized by recurrent cough, difficulty in breathing and wheeze were included in this study. All the study subjects were asked about clinical symptoms and on the basis of that severity of asthma were classified as mild, moderate or severe asthma. Results: The average age of the children was 6.38± 6.0 years. In this study, intermittent asthma was observed in 24(22.64%) cases. There were 30(28.6%) children with mild persistant asthma, 40(37.74%) children with moderate persistant asthma and severe persistant asthma was found in 12(11.32%) children. Conclusion: We found moderate persistent asthma, as the most frequent category, while severe persistent asthma was the least frequent category. Age had the significant effect on the asthma frequency; it was most common in less than 10 years old children. Duration of asthma and gender had no effect on asthma severity, while weight and height had a significant effect on asthma severity.
SISTEM PAKAR FUZZY UNTUK MANAJEMEN DAUR HIDUP PRODUK
Authors: Tamaela Gysber J.
Published: March 2020

Every product has its certain life cycle, whether, for example, it preserve in the market or have to be withdrawed from the market. Some criterias are important to determine those decisions. But they are not in numerical form but categorial one. Fuzzy logic is a tool to transform those categorial form to numerics using membership function. This research was trying to helps management as an expert system to make a decision based on computer software.
REGULARISASI SISTEM SINGULAR DENGAN OUTPUT UMPAN BALIK u = Fy + v
Authors: Persulessy Elvinus R.
Published: March 2020

(E,A,B,C,D) as a singular system is given. E, A, B and C are real constant matrices if E=I, I is a identify matrix, then (E,A,B,C) is a normal system. A unique solution of a singular system exists if (E,A) is regular. A singular system which is regular and the index is not more than one can be simplified to a normal system.The regularization of a singular system by feedback output u = Fy + v is investigated in this paper. Furthermore a sufficient and necessary condition of the existence of F such that (E, A+BFC) is regular and the index is not more than one is represented.
KONSEP DASAR SEMIGRUP REGULER REDUKTIF
Authors: Persulessy Elvinus R.
Published: March 2020

In this paper, we consider the properties of reductive semigroups, with two congruence relations defined on them, which gave a characterization for regular reductive semigroups.
PRAKIRAAN CURAH HUJAN KECAMATAN KAIRATU KABUPATEN SERAM BAGIAN BARAT DENGAN MODEL AUTOREGRESIVE INTEGRATED MOVING AVERAGE (ARIMA)
Authors: Loupatty Grace
Published: March 2020

Forecasting is an activity to use the past data as the basic to predict the future event that will occur. The result from the prediction is an un-sure event or just a guess, but with some certain methods then the prediction will be more than a guess, it means that it is a scientific guess. The data analysis technique with autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) method can give the early information that is needed as the material for the consideration to take the decision and the action itself
MODEL DINAMIK INTERAKSI DUA POPULASI
Authors: RUMLAWANG FRANCIS YUNITO , SAMPELILING TRIFENA
Published: March 2020

A few phenomena are completely described by a single number. For example, the size of a population of rabbits can be represented using one number, but how to know the rate of population change, we should consider other quantities such as the size of predator populations and the availability of food. This research will discuss a model of the evolution from two populations in a Predator-Prey system of differential equations which one species “eats” another. This model has two dependent variables, where both of functions not hang up of times. A solution of this system will be show in trajectory in phase plane, after we get and know equilibrium points until this model be a balanced solution.
STRUKTUR DASAR RING REFLEKSIF QUASI α
Authors: Larubun Nofri Theofanya , Persulessy Elvinus Richard
Published: March 2020

Ide ring refleksif quasi α termotivasi dari ring rigid α dan perluasan sifat refleksif ke ring endomorfisma. Misalkan R suatu ring dan I⊆R merupakan Ideal di ring R. Ideal kanan I disebut refleksif jika untuk setiap a,b ∈R berlaku aRb ⊆I maka bRa ⊆I. Kemudian dari homomorfisma ring terbentuk endomorfisma ring yaitu pemetaan inklusi dan jika pemetaan ini didefinisikan dengan α maka pemetaan ini disebut endomorfisma α. Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari struktur dasar ring refleksif quasi α yaitu elemen nilpoten dan kaitannya dengan ring rigid α dan ring refleksif. Jadi ring refleksif quasi α terbentuk dari struktur ring refleksif dan ring rigid α.
Gundala and Gatotkaca in the concept of modern Indonesian superheroes: Comparative analysis of the Indonesian and American superheroes
Authors: Saptanto Deswandito Dwi , Dewi Maya Kurnia
Published: March 2020

The superhero universe has always been an attraction in the world of film industry. The birth of superhuman ideas has made people increasingly interested in taking the storyline. This research is a literature study on the existence of a new world in Indonesian cinema that takes the theme of Indonesia's superhero universe competes against the universe of American superheroes. The purpose of this study is to compare Indonesian and American superhero films in order to understand the complete concept of depicting Indonesian superheroes in the process of switching from comics to films comparing with the same concepts in American superheroes. This study employed a descriptive qualitative method by comparing films from the Indonesian superhero universe namely Bumilangit Cinematic Universe and Jagad Satria Dewa Cinematic Universe compared to the American superhero universe namely Marvel Cinematic Universe and DC Cinematic Universe. The results obtained that there were some similarities in the process of character formation in each of the heroes that were created, this could be described with similarity in multiple personalities before and after becoming superheroes, costumes worn, storylines and special effects produced in the film. There were fundamental differences that were seen in the background of Indonesian culture that was different from the concept of American culture. Indonesian superheroes also highlighted Pencak Silat as the original identity and characteristics of Indonesia. This research concluded that a story with a superhero concept had the same story pattern such as a person with a superhero alter ego and deep with heroic storyline even though they were presented by different countries.
Prosodic reading and reading comprehension in university
Authors: Rahmawati Aulia , Rosmalina Ida , Anggraini Hesti Wahyuni
Published: March 2020

This study was aimed at investigating the students’ English reading comprehension on the basis of the importance of prosodic reading in university level by first, measuring the levels of reading prosody and reading comprehension, characterizing the acoustic characteristics produced by the students, and at last associating the first variable to the second variable. Prosodic reading levels were measured by using Multidimensional Fluency Scale, containing four dimensions. To explore the six types of syntactically complex structures produced by the students orally, this study conducted a descriptive analysis, only focused on some features. The findings showed that the students experienced moderate level of reading prosody and reading comprehension. Also, it could be reported that a significant correlation was found between the two variables. The study reported that prosodic reading contributed to reading comprehension with r-obtained .538. A thorough analysis explained that some other related predictors influenced students’ comprehension, like difficulties in recognizing the vocabulary, lack of knowledge to review the four types of sentences, and the length of the passage. Among four dimensions, only pace and expression & volume did contribute to reading comprehension much. Different pause structures produced by the students and the native speakers were clearly identified. This was shown as many students had a long pause and sound hesitate due to their inability to decode the words. Moreover, most of them could not comprehend the sentence structure of the text, when to pause, which words were needed to be stressed, and the intonation used. As a result, they read in a two-three phrases and declined to notice where the endings of sentences and clauses were definitely stated. These results confirmed that pause structure commits as a pivotal factor in determining students’ reading comprehension.
The Effects of Different Monochromatic Colors on Oxidant Antioxidant Balance in Broilers
Authors: SEYİDOĞLU Nilay , BELENLİ Deniz , MERHAN Oguz , BOZUKLUHAN Kadir
Published: March 2020

Poultry management is associated with light due to positive effects of photoreceptors on animal’s growth, immunity and homeostasis. Colors influence the efficiency of poultry performance and behavior. Light-emitting diode (LED) can use for providing monochromatic light source. In this trial, two hundred Ross 308 broiler chicks were studied in four different light groups as follows; White (Control), Red (RL), green (GL) and blue (BL) during 42 trial days. At the end of the study, the serum Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) and malondialdehyde (MDA) enzyme activities were measured to evaluate the oxidant-antioxidant balance. The oxidant marker MDA was found the highest value in group RL (p:0.0001 ; 9.24±0.33). On the other hand, in group GL, all antioxidant parameters were found the highest value (p<0.05).  Also, SOD and GPx values were increased in group GL (SOD: 150.61±9.14 ; GPx: 186.96±10.50)  than BL (SOD: 139.29±5.19 ; GPx: 160.02±3.15) statistically (p<0.05). The results showed that red light may be a stressor, and on the contrary, green light may be a positive monochromatic color for growth, oxidant-antioxidant balance and homeostasis for broilers.
O ensino da Odontologia minimamente invasiva: relato de experiência
Authors: Gonçalves Marcella Satte Alam , Cenci Maximiliano Sérgio , Corrêa Marcos Britto , Conde Marcus Cristian Muniz , Chisini Luiz Alexandre
Published: March 2020

Por muitos anos o ensino de Odontologia foi baseado apenas na reprodução de técnicas restauradoras e o estudante era motivado a apenas realizar procedimentos, sem desenvolver habilidades reflexivas, as quais são tão importantes quanto as técnicas. O presente relato de experiência discute um caso clínico como problematizador no ensino da Odontologia minimamente invasiva. Discussões e formulação de tabelas e quadros foram realizadas pelos estudantes, assim como a elaboração de um guia prático para auxiliar a escolha do tratamento restaurador. As atividades foram tidas como produtivas e complementares na resolução das dúvidas que ainda estavam pendentes. Conclui-se que a utilização da metodologia ativa relatada na construção de conhecimento foi uma importante estratégia para criar situações de aprendizado na abordagem da Odontologia minimamente invasiva. O aprendizado significativo advindo de um caso clínico em andamento se mostrou uma importante estratégia de ensino.
METODE PEMBELAJARAN MATA PELAJARAN ALQURAN HADIS PADA MAN 2 BUKITTINGGI
Authors: M Yopi , Ritonga A. Rahman , Deswalantri Deswalantri
Published: March 2020

The background of this study is based on the author's interest in examining further the methods used by teachers on the Qur'anic Hadith subjects in class XI GPA at MAN 2 Bukittinggi. Students do not feel bored and excited in learning because teachers use methods that are not monotonous. The type of research I use is field research with a qualitative approach. The key informants in this study were teachers of the Qur'anic Hadith subject, and supporting informants in this study were students of class XI majoring in GPA. Data collection techniques that the authors use are observation, interviews, and documentation. Then the data obtained from the informants were analyzed using qualitative descriptive methods. The results of this study indicate that the learning method of the Koran used by the teachers of the Koran subjects in class XI GPA can be concluded that the teacher mostly uses the lecture method, but interspersed with other purposes, such as discussion methods, questions and answers, and different ways.
ESTIMATE OF VOLTAGE QUALITY ON TRACTION SUBSTATION BUSES OF 27.5 kV WITH LONGITUDINAL CAPACITIVE COMPENSATION DEVICE
Authors: Makasheva Svetlana , Pinchukov Pavel , Mamaev Aleksandr , Terleckiy Sergey
Published: March 2020

The paper is dedicated to the investigation of electric energy quality in AC traction network. The object of investigations is voltage in the AC traction network on buses of 27.5 kV in the AC functioning substation. The probabilistic-statistical value of the voltage level and values of electric energy quality according to voltage non-sinusoidality is under fulfillment.

There are shown numerical characteristics and histograms of the distribution density of values under analysis for two operation modes of the AC traction substation – switching on and off of the longitudinal capacitive compensation device formed on the basis of natural measurements. The probabilistic-statistical processing of natural measurements results in power supply arms of the functioning traction substation located in the Far-East of the Russian Federation is carried out.

The analysis results are shown as distribution density histograms of random values according to the standard law and in a table form. The longitudinal compensation device impact upon quality values of electric power according to the voltage is under consideration.

The calculated indices of electric power quality at the traction substation are compared with the requirements of GOST 32144-2013 in force. It is mentioned that upon buses of 27.5 kV of the traction substation both in the mode of UPK switching on, and in the mode of its switching off the electric power quality by the factor of voltage harmonic components does not satisfy the requirements of GOST 32144-2013 in a number of harmonics. On the basis of the complex estimate of voltage parameters there is drawn a conclusion of the positive impact of longitudinal capacitive compensation devices upon voltage level and the absence of a distinct effect upon a harmonic structure of voltage in a traction network at longitudinal compensation switching on. The conclusion is drawn about filtration expediency of voltage highest harmonic components in power supply arms of the traction substation to bring quality indices on voltage non-sinusoidality to the requirements of the standard in force.
BRAKING SYSTEM FOR BOGIE SUCCESSIVE BRAKING OF FREIGHT CARS
Authors: Sinicyn Vladimir , Kobishchanov Vladimir
Published: March 2020

Brake leverages with the location of brake cylinders on bogies have a number of advantages as compared with common circuits. Domestic braking systems are presented mainly by design improvements and inventions. In this connection the development of the prototype of such a system for domestic standard bogies corresponding to the requirements and conditions of Russian railways is urgent. At that the application of domestic brake devices in such systems is preferable.

The aim of this work is a choice of the optimum design for a unified leverage for two-axial bogies of type 2 and 3 (RSS 9246-2013) with the location of cylinders 670V on a bogie, and also a development of the circuit for its adjustment while operation.

On the basis of the regulations for a standard computation of a brake there is chosen an optimum circuit of the brake leverage. With the aid of 3D thoroughly developed model of a brake system located directly on a bogie taking into account a design outline of bogie elements, the analysis of bogie units geometry is carried out and all intermediate leverage, separators and brake beams positions are defined which allowed obtaining the sufficiently accurate values of assembly dimensions at different wear stages of a wheel tread and a brake shoe.

There is chosen an optimum brake system for two-axial bogies of type 2 and type 3 (RSS 9246-2013) with the location of cylinders 670V on a bogie. The regulating circuits and a table of assembly dimensions of the brake system during operation for a brake shoe 60±4mm thick are developed. An aggregate stock and screw travel of a brake cylinder regulator during operation without taking into account elastic deformation of a system is chosen. The considered leverage system design is offered as a prototype for the brake system design for freight cars.
METHODS DEVELOPMENT OF STRENGTH AND RELIABILITY ANALYSIS OF ROLLING-STOCK BEARING STRUCTURE USING MATHEMATICAL MODELING METHODS
Authors: Kobishchanov Vladimir , Antipin Dmitriy , Rasin Dmitriy , Manueva Marina
Published: March 2020

The purpose of the work is a procedure formation for the analysis of strength and reliability of rolling-stock bearing structure using methods of mathematical modeling. Its appraisal is shown by the example of improvements in a universal gondola car bearing structure. The procedure offered is formed by a mathematical modeling of bearing structure dynamic loading in the rolling-stock operation including shunting movement encounters. At the first stage of the procedure the dynamic computer simulations of a rail crew movement on way roughness are under development. As a result of modeling there are defined dynamic loads influencing a bearing structure in operation. The analysis of the stress-strain state of the bearing structure is carried out on the basis of detailed shell finite element models. The computation is carried out in a dynamic position through the method of the direct integration of nodal-relocation equations. The estimate of bearing structures fatigue life in a pivot area was carried out on the basis of the linear hypothesis of fatigue damages summation, the power approximation of a material fatigue curve and scheming dynamic stresses affecting the structure through the method of complete cycles.

Within the limits of the procedure the history of loading was presented as a step function. On the basis of the results of a stress-strain state in the bearing structure of a gondola car body in a static and dynamic location there is carried out the analysis of fatigue life in a pivot area of the gondola car and the conclusions were drawn regarding crack-like defect occurrence in a center plate arrangement of a frame.

There are offered three versions for updating the pivot joint of a gondola car with the purpose of its fatigue life increase. For each version of updating there are developed corresponding detailed finite element models of the pivot area and on their basis the analysis of strength and fatigue life is performed.

On the basis of computation results and taking into account the manufacturability of center plate arrangement production an efficient version is recommended for updating a pivot joint of a gondola car. The pivot joint modernization according to the version offered allowed decreasing maximum acting stresses in the pivot joint by 27% and increasing service life of the welded joint elements up to 29 years.
WOMEN UNDER THE SOVEREIGNITY OF MARRIAGE IN THE SHORT STORY â€œKETIKA PERKAWINAN HARUS DIMULAIâ€ BY OKA RUSMINI: FEMINIST - MARXIST CRITICISM
Authors: Pamardiningtyas Sih Mangesthi
Published: March 2020

This article discusses Oka Rusminiâ€™s short story entitled Ketika Perkawinan Harus Dimulai, by utilizing the theory of Feminist - Marxist criticism to identify the portrayal of female characters related to Karl Marxâ€™s class conflict and alienation. The discussion aimed to reveal that woman subordination is the result of social relations, and that menâ€™s efforts to achieve their demands for control of womenâ€™s labor and sexual faculties have been delivered in the literary work. The analysis showed that the main character in the story struggled in her life in holding on to her commitment to prove that women can live for herself without being controlled by others. Therefore, Ketika Perkawinan Harus Dimulai is a critique towards patriarchal ideology and oppression towards women.
Artificial neural network application for forecasting the nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere at the microclimate conditions: example of Iğdır city in Turkey
Authors: ALTIKAT Aysun
Published: March 2020

The aim of this research is forecasting the NOx, NO2 and NO concentration levels with different artificial neural networks structures (ANNs) and determining the best ANNs structure for forecasting emissions. For this aim, it was used one learning function and, six different transfer function pairs with three different neuron numbers. The MATLAB software helped constructing ANNs models. In addition, the air pollutants and meteorological factors were used as input parameters simultaneously at the ANNs. The end of the research, NOx, NO and NO2's concentration levels were modelled with high accurate levels. The R2 values of the NOx, NO and NO2 were calculated as 0.998, 0.995 and 0.997, respectively. The best results were obtained from ANNs structures which used Logarithmic sigmoid - Symmetric sigmoid transfer functions with 20 and 30 neuron number for forecasting of the NOx and NO concentration levels, respectively. In addition, the forecasting of NO2 emission rate, the best results were determined from the ANNs structure used Logarithmic sigmoid - Linear transfer function with 30 neuron number. According to sensitivity analyses and correlation tests, it was concluded that O3, SO2, wind direction, wind speed, and relative humidity inputs were more effective on the NO2, NO and NOx concentrations than the other inputs. Finally, it can be said that with the use of both air pollutants and meteorological factors as input parameters simultaneously the artificial neural network models can be simulated the concentration level of NO, NOx and NO2 with high accuracy.
OPTIMISED MANAGEMENT OF SEMI-AEROBIC LANDFILLING UNDER TROPICAL WET-DRY CONDITIONS
Authors: Grossule Valentina , Lavagnolo Maria Cristina
Published: March 2020

The processes involved in semi-aerobic landfills are heavily influenced by local climate conditions and waste composition. In particular, when considering rainfall seasonality in a tropical climate, the lack of moisture during the dry season and heavy rainfalls during the wet season may negatively affect biodegradation processes and landfill emissions. The aim of the present study was to investigate the performance of semi-aerobic landfill under tropical dry-wet climate conditions and to assess the potential benefits afforded by appropriate management of water input when operating the landfill by overlaying a new layer of waste in each climate season. Six lab-scale lysimeters were operated in two phases to reproduce, on two subsequent waste layers, a sequence of dry and wet tropical seasons: two with an initial dry phase, two with an initial dry phase under controlled watering and two with an initial wet phase, during which leachate was stored to allow recirculation during the subsequent dry phase. In each pair of lysimeters one was filled with low putrescible content waste and the other with high putrescible content waste. Although appropriate management of water input significantly improved landfill performance under dry climate conditions, the overlaying of a new layer of waste in each climate season played a fundamental role in ensuring good stabilisation over the one year simulation period; following stabilisation, the landfill bottom layer acts as an internal attenuating biological filter. In particular, under initial dry conditions, final BOD COD and ammonia values detected were below 20mgO2/L, 200mgO2/L, and 30mgN/L, respectively.
TREATING THE SYMPTOM: A MARXIST REFLECTION ON ‘ZERO WASTE’ AND SARDINIA 2019
Authors: Kalina Marc
Published: March 2020

Written as a reflection on Sardinia 2019, the purpose of this letter is to draw attention to a perceived failure within waste management studies to adequately engage with the socio-economic and socio-political conditions that drive the prodution of waste. By way of a solution, it proposes a return to Marxist dialectics and modes of anlaysis in order to reframe contemporary debates on waste management practices to include more critical discussion and engagement with the root causes of waste, specifically capitalist production and class- addressing the illness rather than merely treating the symptoms.
TINJAUAN THIRD PARTY INVOICING - ACFTA PADA KPU BEA CUKAI TANJUNG PRIOK
Authors: Wahyudi Imam Tri , Hartopo Wing
Published: March 2020

Dengan meningkatnya kompleksitas hubungan kerjasama dan perdagangan antar negara ataupun kawasan, terutama kerjasama berdasarkan perjanjian perdagangan preferensial (preferential trade agreements) yang telah diratifikasi pemerintah Indonesia, maka semakin meningkat pula peran rules of origin. Penelitian ini mengunakan metode kualitatif studi kasus untuk menganalisis pemeriksaan third party invocing, sebagai bagian dari rules of origin, pada SKA ACFTA oleh Pejabat Fungsional Pemeriksaan Dokumen (PFPD). Penelitian ini menghasilkan simpulan, yaitu dalam penelitian atas SKA ACFTA Third Party Invoicing, PFPD memerlukan dokumen pendukung tambahan; dalam hal terjadi ketidaksinkronan antara data dalam SKA tersebut dengan data dokumen pendukung, PFPD perlu melakukan retroactive check; dalam hal arsip database rejection dan retroactive check; staf arsip belum melakukan secara terstruktur. Berdasarkan hasil analisis penelitian tersebut, maka disampaikan saran kepada KPU menyusun database rejection atau retroactive check secara terstruktur sehingga mudah untuk dilakukan analisis, kemudian kepada PFPD agar melakukan analisis bisnis menurut Alexandra (2013) dan prosedur penelitian SKA sesuai panduan WCO terutama terhadap SKA dengan skema third party invoicing, dan kepada Direktorat KIAL agar mengkompilasi kasus-kasus SKA third party dari KPU maupun Kantor Bea Cukai lainnya sebagai referensi dan dibahas dalam pertemuan ACFTA.
TINJAUAN TERHADAP PENGAWASAN PELAKSANAAN SUBKONTRAK BARANG IMPOR DARI KAWASAN BERIKAT KE TEMPAT LAIN DALAM DAERAH PABEAN DENGAN JAMINAN PADA WILAYAH KERJA KPPBC TMP A BANDUNG
Authors: Adhitama Satria
Published: March 2020

Dengan semakin banyaknya negara yang terlibat dalam perdagangan internasional, persaingan menjadi semakin ketat. Direktorat Jenderal Bea dan Cukai (DJBC) yang memiliki peran penting dalam rangka pengawasan arus lalu lintas barang dan pemberian fasilitas terhadap industri dalam negeri agar dapat bersaing di kancah internasional. Pemberian fasilitas kepabeanan terhadap industri dalam negeri salah satunya Kawasan Berikat dan juga subkontrak khususnya diharapkan dapat membantu meningkatkan ekonomi negara. DJBC mengemban tugas mengawasi penyelenggaraan subkontrak dari Kawasan Berikat ke Tempat Lain Dalam Daerah Pabean (TLDDP). Tugas tersebut dilimpahkan ke unit vertikal DJBC tak terkecuali KPPBC Tipe Madya Pabean A Bandung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki pelaksanaan Pengawasan atas Penyelenggaraan Subkontrak Barang Impor dari Kawasan Berikat ke Tempat Lain Dalam Daerah Pabean (TLDDP) Pada Wilayah Kerja Kantor Pengawasan Dan Pelayanan Bea Dan Cukai Tipe Madya Pabean A Bandung.
Tinjauan atas Sistem Kerja dan Infrastruktur Nilai Pabean di DJBC Menggunakan WCO Diagnostic Tool
Authors: Riesfandiari Indri
Published: March 2020

Jumlah kekalahan DJBC di tingkat banding atas penetapan nilai pabean yang mencapai lebih dari 50% merupakan indikasi kebutuhan perbaikan dalam sistem pengawasan nilai pabean. Prinsip dari pengawasan nilai pabean adalah objektif, seragam, adil, netral dan transparan. Prinsip ini sebagai dasar untuk mendorong kepatuhan sukarela dan menjamin pengumpulan penerimaan dengan efektif dan efisien. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meninjau kesesuaian sistem kerja dan infrastruktur nilai pabean di DJBC dengan panduan yang diberikan World Customs Organization (WCO), dan merekomendasikan perbaikan. WCO Diagnostic Tools on Tariff Classification, Valuation and Origin Work digunakan untuk meninjau enam area yaitu: dasar hukum, infrastruktur, sistem pengawasan, manajemen risiko, fasilitasi perdagangan, dan unsur lainnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 87% kriteria sistem kerja dan infrastruktur nilai pabean yang baik telah dimiliki DJBC. Adapun hal-hal yang memerlukan perbaikan adalah: penerapan Article 16 dari WTO Valuation Agreement; mekanisme keberatan atas rulings/advice; prosedur konsultasi formal antara unit teknis dengan unit pusat (Subdirektorat Nilai Pabean); kebijakan pertukaran informasi dengan administrasi kepabeanan negara lain; dan ketersediaan informasi keputusan rulings/advice untuk umum.
Land use alteration strategy to improve forest landscape structural quality in Radhanagar forest range under Bankura district
Authors: MANDAL Mrinmay , DAS CHATTARJEE Nilanjana
Published: March 2020

Such kind of human necessities restructured the existing landscape pattern which brings imbalance in regional biodiversity. Radhanagar Forest Range (RFR) in Bankura district has been faced same kind of activates since 1960. As a result, forest patch becomes isolated and structurally complex in nature which is an important cause for extinction of wild animal. To control this damage forest department increased forest area through several plantation schemes in vacant or barren land.  But plantation areas were not appropriate in the question of structural forest quality in this region. The present study seems that forest structural quality is a vital consideration for balancing biodiversity, in concern of several ecological processes like species movement, connectivity, colonization and edge contrast. Suitable forest patch structure may possible when appropriate areas i.e. forest encroached areas will be select for plantation. To prove this statement, study considers two types of landuse alteration into forest land i) all barren land altered into forest and ii) selected encroached areas altered into forest land  in RFR. ArcGIS 10.3 version software is used for technical map editing and preparing these spatial alteration maps. After that several landscape ecological indexes like Total Core Area Index (TCAI), Mean Core Area (MCA) at 300 m specified edge depth, Total Edge (TE), Edge Density (ED), Area Weighted Mean Shape Index (AWMSI), Area Weighted Mean Patch Fractal Dimension (AWMPFD) and Mean Patch Size (MPS) are calculated using FragStat 4.2 version software to compare both spatial alteration forest qualities. Comparison analysis explains that encroached areas alteration into forest land is qualitative to improve forest structural quality. It is interesting to know that less area will be planted in encroached area to get utmost forest structural qualities.
Vulnerability analyses in forests using AHP in a GIS environment
Authors: ERDİN GÜNDOĞDU Ceren
Published: March 2020

Vulnerability, which is one of the criteria used in the preparation of the World Risk Index, is the measure of the damage and loss that a community or structure can suffer when a hazard occurs. In this research, a region with a high fire hazard was selected, and a model was created to determine the extent to which spatial objects (assets) could be damaged when the expected danger occurs in the selected region, using AHP in a GIS environment. Since GIS-based AHP analysis is based on the comparison of different layers with each other and determining the weight values of the layers, the Terrestrial Measurement, Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing techniques, which are used as data sources in the evaluation of spatial data, are also discussed in the study.
Pengaruh Motivasi Kerja Paramedis Terhadap Kepuasan Pasien Dengan Kompetensi Paramedis Sebagai Variabel Moderating Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Bhayangkara Kota Padang
Authors: Herlinda
Published: March 2020

This objevtives study to test the Influence of Work Motivation Paramedic Patient Satisfaction With Paramedic Competence As a Moderating Variable Inpatient Police Hospitals Padang. The analyze the research data used Moderated Regression Analysis method with results of testing hypotheses, find there is a significant positive effect parmedis work motivation and competency paramedics to patient satisfaction in Bhayangkara hospitals in Padang. Further test results using multilevel regression methods with Competence paramedics as a moderating variable also found there is a positive and significant impact on patient satisfaction. The results also showed that the contribution of the competence of paramedics as a moderating variable is 33.8% greater than the prior existence of a moderating variable. These findings also indicate other factors beyond the influence of these three variables were also able to explain or influence patient satisfaction. This empirical finding supports previous research and provide reinforcement as well as a new understanding of work motivation paramedics Influence on patient satisfaction with competency paramedics as a moderating variable.
PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN DAN KEPUASAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI DINAS PEKERJAAN UMUM KABUPATEN SOLOK SELATAN DENGAN MOTIVASI KERJA SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERATING
Authors: Rianto Hendra
Published: March 2020

This paper aims are to know about the effect of leadership to the Performance of the Public Works Department employee in South Solok, effect job satisfaction to employee performance at the Department of Public Works South Solok, the effect leadership on work motivation at the Department of Public Works South Solok, the effect of job satisfaction on work motivation at the Department of Public Works South Solok, job satisfaction and leadership on the Performance of the Public Works Department employee in South Solok and What is the impact of motivation on the performance of the Department of Public Works South Solok than Does Work motivation mediates the relationship between leadership and employee performance at the Department of Public Works South Solok The test results hypothesis find job satisfaction did not significantly affect the variable Performance ( Y ) is this does not mean that the variable Performance ( Y ) Department of Public Works of South Solok not influenced by variable Job satisfaction , but his current condition working satisfaction at the Department of Public Works South Solok has been good . The efforts need to be made in improving the performance ( Y ) in the Office of Public Works South Solok is to maintain existing levels of job satisfaction now and continue to try to improve.