bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The rabies distribution pattern on dogs using average nearest neighbor analysis approach in the Karangasem District, Bali, Indonesia, in 2019
Authors: Melyantono Serli Eka , Susetya Heru , Widayani Prima , Tenaya I Wayan Masa , Hartawan Dinar Hadi Wahyu
Published: March 2021

Background and Aim: Rabies is a severe progressive encephalitis disease in dogs characterized as a zoonosis. The transmission of rabies between animals in Karangasem District, Bali is still high and continues until today; therefore, rabies in the district still actively circulating. The distribution pattern of rabies, especially in the district, is unknown. This research aimed to describe the spatial distribution of rabies in Karangasem District. The information would help in developing effective control strategies for the disease.

Materials and Methods: An observational study was carried out using 38 positive rabies cases confirmed by the direct fluorescent antibody test diagnosed at the Disease Investigation Centre of Denpasar from September 2018 to September 2019. The Global Positioning System was used to take the geographical coordinates of the places where positive rabies cases had been confirmed in Karangasem District. The ArcGIS version 10.3 (ESRI) was used to determine and analyze the distribution pattern using the average nearest neighbor (ANN) method.

Results: On the basis of the ANN analysis, the rabies distribution pattern in Karangasem District in 2019 was clustered in groups but not significant (Z-score=–1.670309 [<–1.65], p=0.094858 [<0.1]; nearest neighbor ratio=0.858364). The rabies distribution pattern in each subdistrict of Karangasem was dispersed significantly since it had z-score of more than 2.58, p-value less than 0.1 and nearest neighbor ratio of more than 1.

Conclusion: The rabies distribution in Karangasem District had a clustered pattern, although this was not significant. The grouping of rabies in Karangasem District showed a significant dispersed pattern in the subdistricts Abang, Bebandem, and Karangasem. The dispersed pattern of the rabies cases in the subdistricts was caused by unidentified stray dogs that lived in rice fields and other fields and by the whole district's hilly and mountainous topography. The ANN analysis suggested that for rabies control in Karangasem District, vaccination, elimination, and sterilization of stray dogs should be conducted in densely populated areas.
Accessory Splenic Artery Causing Massive Gastrointestinal Bleed
Authors: Patel Priyesh , Chadalavada Pravallika , Singh Amandeep , Gurajala Ram Kishore , Achkar Jean-Paul
Published: March 2021

The presentation of an upper gastrointestinal bleed secondary to an accessory splenic artery is a rare circumstance described only in 2 previous case reports. This report is the first to describe an upper gastrointestinal bleed consequent of a submucosal accessory splenic artery arising from the left phrenic artery, requiring multiple endoscopies and endovascular embolization. Vascular anatomic variants can pose a challenge to treatment, especially when they are unknown. This case adds to the limited number of case reports involving accessory splenic arteries.
“Los mundos posibles” La cosmovisión aymara en los poemas de Clemente Mamani y Elvira Espejo
Authors: Alcón Tancara Sofía
Published: March 2021

El artículo recupera la idea de “los mundos posi-bles” porque permite pensar el mundo como una pluralidad. En este sentido, ilumina la realidad plural de América, donde existen otras “experiencias sensitivas” expresadas en el lenguaje poético, que históricamente se han visto confinadas. Por consiguiente, se analiza el lenguaje poético de dos poetas de Bolivia: el aimara Clemente Mamani y la quechua aimara Elvira Espejo. Su propuesta poética expresa la cosmovisión aimara, donde la noción de tiempo y espacio corresponden al tiempo ancestral. En la poética de Clemente Mamani circulan elementos que expresan poder, fuerza y coraje del mundo de arriba, siendo media-dores entre la parcialidad de arriba y de abajo. De otro lado, la poética de Elvira Espejo pone en circulación los poderes del mundo de abajo, es la mediadora entre el mundo de abajo y arriba a través del canto, la música, la palabra, la fertilidad y la reproducción.
Factores de riesgo psicosocial predictores del Síndrome de Quemarse por el Trabajo (SQT) (Burnout) en docentes de bachillerato
Authors: Unda Rojas Sara , Hernández-Toledano Rosa Alejandra , García-Arreola Oscar , Esquivel Lozada Carlos
Published: March 2021

El objetivo fue construir un modelo predictivo del SQT en profesores a nivel bachillerato. Se utilizó un diseño correlacional, transversal con muestreo no probabilístico. Participaron 395 Docentes de Bachillerato. La prevalencia del SQT fue de 17.6%. El estresor con mayor prevalencia fue Estudiantes difíciles (ED) (30.9%), seguido por una Mala Relación con Compañeros (MRC) (24.9%). Los predictores de la Baja ilusión fueron: Falta de recursos (17%) y la Falta de apoyo del jefe (FAJ) (17%) y Estudiantes Difíciles (15%); para el Desgaste psíquico (DP): la MRC (11%), Sobrecarga académica (SA) (45%) e Inequidad (17%); de la Indolencia (I): los ED (23%), FAJ (13%) y SA 12%; para la Culpa fue la Indolencia con 36%. Los resultados del modelo fueron X2 = 49.88, gl.=1 X2/gl.=3 p<.05; IFI= .976, TLI =.930, CFI =.976, GFI=.976 y un AGFI= .916, RMSEA= .073. En conclusión existen FRPS-T del trabajo docente que anteceden al SQT.
Adaptación y estudio de las propiedades psicométricas del Cuestionario de consecuencias de consumo de alcohol en jóvenes, forma breve, en muestra española
Authors: Espejo Tort Begoña
Published: March 2021

El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar la adaptación y estudio de las propiedades psicométricas del Cuestionario de consecuencias de consumo de alcohol en jóvenes, forma breve (B-YAACQ) en una muestra de 323 estudiantes de Psicología españoles, de los cuales el 74.3% son mujeres. Se realizó una retro-traducción de los ítems siguiendo las normas de la ITC, y un análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC) con el programa Mplus mediante el método de extracción WLSMV y la matriz de correlaciones policóricas. El AFC arrojó resultados satisfactorios sobre el modelo unidimensional, con muy buenos indicadores de ajuste. Todas las saturaciones factoriales presentaron valores adecuados y fueron estadísticamente significativas. La consistencia interna del instrumento es satisfactoria, así como los índices de homogeneidad. Asimismo, presenta buena evidencia de validez de criterio y validez diferencial. Con este instrumento se podrán evaluar las consecuencias derivadas del consumo de alcohol en jóvenes españoles con precisión, lo que permitirá proponer intervenciones de prevención de consumo de alcohol más ajustadas a las necesidades reales.
Prevalencia e influencia de la violencia homofóbica sobre la sintomatología depresiva y el nivel de autoestima
Authors: Morell-Mengual Vicente , Gil-Llario M. Dolores , Gil-Juiiá Beatriz
Published: March 2021

Las personas homosexuales y bisexuales constituyen un colectivo sobre el que se ejerce violencia. Este estudio analiza la prevalencia e influencia que ejerce la violencia homofóbica sufrida a lo largo de la vida sobre la sintomatología depresiva y el nivel de autoestima. La muestra está compuesta por 730 personas homosexuales o bisexuales con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y los 60 años (M = 28.47; DT = 8.81). Los resultados indican que entre el 29.6% y 76.7% ha recibido violencia psicológica o verbal y entre el 4.2% y el 19.6% ha sufrido violencia física a lo largo de su vida. También se obtienen diferencias significativas según el género, siendo los hombres quienes refieren mayores tasas de victimización. Los análisis de regresión indican que la victimización en forma de risas, burlas, golpes y empujones disminuye el nivel de autoestima e incrementa la sintomatología depresiva. Estos resultados se discuten en relación a la necesidad de implementar programas educativos que prevengan este tipo de violencia o, al menos, reduzca su reiteración durante periodos prolongados.
The Realization of West Germanic+[sk] in Low German
Authors: Hall Tracy Alan
Published: March 2021

The present study investigates the multiple reflexes of historical +[sk] clusters in Low German (Westphalian/Northern Low German) dialects. Original descriptions of over thirty varieties of those dialects spoken between the end of the 19thcentury to the present day reveal that there are a number of realizations of [sk] (e. g. [sk], [sx], [sç], [ʃx], [ʃç], [s]), whose occurrence depends on both the position within a word (initial, medial, final) and geography (the location of the dialect within a broad region in northwest Germany). The synchronic patterns are argued to reflect a series of diachronic stages: The change from any one of those stages to the next is shown to involve either the emergence of a new sound change (rule addition) or the extension of a preexisting change to a new context (rule generalization). A secondary goal of the present contribution is to show how the treatment of Low German sheds light on the change from historical +[sk] to [ʃ] in High German. In particular, it is argued – contrary to the position taken by the overwhelming majority of Germanicists – that the High German change involved the coalescence of two sounds into one without any intermediate stages.
Der deutsche Dativ genealogisch und diachron
Authors: Kotin Michail L.
Published: March 2021

The German dative case from genealogic and diachronic perspective. A language-change study about the third case. The dative case belongs to the so-called syncretistic cases, i. e., it encodes multiple functions inherited from the Indo-European cases locative, instrumental, ablative and dative. The paper aims to show the emergence of diverse case functions formally encoded by the dative case from a common base which is assumed to have the locative semantics. The decisive point was, according to the hypothesis, the development of the directional function towards the object or away from it. The addressee dative arose as a result of a specific reanalysis of movement semantics. The so-called dative of subject emerged from reanalysis of the subject-related experiencer function.
Design, synthesis, and biological activities of novel thiophene, pyrimidine, pyrazole, pyridine, coumarin and isoxazole: Dydrogesterone derivatives as antitumor agents
Authors: El-Sharkawy Karam A. , Al Bratty Mohammed , Alhazmi Hassan A. , Najmi Asim
Published: March 2021

On the basis of our consideration to design and to develop antitumor activities of heterocyclic compound derivatives, especially in fused ring system, we refer to the possibility of the heterocyclic extension of one of the most important steroid compounds used as a medicinal drug. The reaction of dydrogesterone with each of the malononitrile or ethylcyanoacetate containing elemental sulfur afforded thiophene derivatives 1a,b. Also, dydrogesterone was reacted with a mixture of ethylcyanoacetate–hydrazine, ethylcyanoacetae–urea, or ethylcyanoacetate–thiourea to produce pyrazole derivative 4 and pyrimidine derivatives 5a,b. Thienopyrimidine derivatives 2a–d were introduced from the reaction of thiophene derivatives 1a,b with either phenylisothiocyanate or benzoylisothioyanate. Furthermore, compounds 1a,b were directed toward the reaction with ethylcyanoacetate to produce compounds 6a,b, and the last compounds 6a,b were directed toward cyclization to obtain thienopyridine derivatives 7a,b. In addition, compounds 6a,b were subjected to react with different carbonyl compounds, such as salicylaldehyde, cyclopentanone-elemental sulfur, malonaldehyde, and acetylacetone to produce coumarin derivatives 8a,b, fused thiophene derivatives 9a,b, and pyridine derivatives 10a–d. Isooxazole derivatives 12a,b were afforded through the reaction of compounds 6a,b with hydroxylamine hydrochloride. Finally, 2-pyridone derivatives 14a,b were obtained through the reaction of compounds 6a,b with benzoylacetonitrile. Conformation structure of the synthesized compounds was established by applying IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectrometry, and their antitumor activity was examined. Some compounds showed promising growth inhibitory effects on the three different cell lines.
A new series of 2,4-thiazolidinediones endowed with potent aldose reductase inhibitory activity
Authors: Sever Belgin , Altıntop Mehlika Dilek , Demir Yeliz , Türkeş Cüneyt , Özbaş Kaan , Çiftçi Gülşen Akalın , Beydemir Şükrü , Özdemir Ahmet
Published: March 2021

In an effort to identify potent aldose reductase (AR) inhibitors, 5-(arylidene)thiazolidine-2,4-diones (1–8), which were prepared by the solvent-free reaction of 2,4-thiazolidinedione with aromatic aldehydes in the presence of urea, were examined for their in vitro AR inhibitory activities and cytotoxicity. 5-(2-Hydroxy-3-methylbenzylidene)thiazolidine-2,4-dione (3) was the most potent AR inhibitor in this series, exerting uncompetitive inhibition with a K
i value of 0.445 ± 0.013 µM. The IC50 value of compound 3 for L929 mouse fibroblast cells was determined as 8.9 ± 0.66 µM, pointing out its safety as an AR inhibitor. Molecular docking studies suggested that compound 3 exhibited good affinity to the binding site of AR (PDB ID: 4JIR). Based upon in silico absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion data, the compound is predicted to have favorable pharmacokinetic features. Taking into account the in silico and in vitro data, compound 3 stands out as a potential orally bioavailable AR inhibitor for the management of diabetic complications as well as nondiabetic diseases.
Towards the Modelling of Veillance based Citizen Profiling using Knowledge Graphs
Authors: Munir Siraj , Jami Syed Imran , Wasi Shaukat
Published: March 2021

In this work we have proposed a model for Citizen Profiling. It uses veillance (Surveillance and Sousveillance) for data acquisition. For representation of Citizen Profile Temporal Knowledge Graph has been used through which we can answer semantic queries. Previously, most of the work lacks representation of Citizen Profile and have used surveillance for data acquisition. Our contribution is towards enriching the data acquisition process by adding sousveillance mechanism and facilitating semantic queries through representation of Citizen Profiles using Temporal Knowledge Graphs. Our proposed solution is storage efficient as we have only stored data logs for Citizen Profiling instead of storing images, audio, and video for profiling purposes. Our proposed system can be extended to Smart City, Smart Traffic Management, Workplace profiling etc. Agent based mechanism can be used for data acquisition where each Citizen has its own agent. Another improvement can be to incorporate a decentralized version of database for maintaining Citizen profile.
Route optimization for city cleaning vehicle
Authors: Wojciechowski Łukasz , Cisowski Tadeusz , Małek Arkadiusz
Published: March 2021

The basic problem concerning the waste management system is work organization, which should be effective with maximum profit and minimum financial outlays. This means that the key factor for the efficient functioning of this system are all types of costs. When collecting waste, the main operational cost factors are the driver's working time and the service time of the waste collection vehicle, as well as the route that the vehicle has to cover. The article presents route optimization solution for a vehicle collecting urban waste (both mixed and segregated) is a simple method of determining the order of driving through individual city streets. The prepared solution is universal and is not limited only to the surveyed housing estate. It presents a pattern that can be applied to other routes in a similar way. Shortening the distance and thus the working time is a result of minimizing empty runs and moving several times over the same section. Developing an optimal route for so many values requires very complicated calculations and would not reflect the real possibilities of waste collection by employees and MZGK Company. The presented solution can be used as an instruction to take the first steps to optimize the operation of the vehicle and as an initial point for further modifications of the operating system.
Southernizing and decolonizing the Sociology of Language: African scholarship matters
Authors: Rudwick Stephanie , Makoni Sinfree
Published: March 2021

In this short article we call for decolonization strategies in the Sociology of Language through a focus shift towards the global South, in particular Africa and a heightened attention to “race” as a significant category. We highlight three primary points that require critical attention in a decolonized Sociology of Language: (i) the identification of northern sociolinguistic theories which have been masked as universal and a critical shift towards theoretical frameworks emerging from the South; (ii) the acknowledgement of “white” privilege and “white fragility” in language studies and its related problem of ignoring “race” as a significant category, in scholarship as well as among authors/editors; and (iii) the under-representation of (especially female) scholars of colour in sociolinguistic research.
Powered by assemblage: language for multiplicity
Authors: Pietikäinen Sari
Published: March 2021

Assemblage is one way to examine complexities in today’s world. In Deleuzian thinking, assemblage refers to both the act of assembling diverse elements and the arrangements of these elements for a specific purpose. Importantly, it is the interaction between elements that allows the assemblage to become more than the sum of its parts. Applying this concept to long-term research on Cold Rush – the transformation of the Arctic commons into commodities – I argue that examining the boom, bust, and buzz around the commons can be fruitfully conceptualised and studied with assemblage. This approach brings with it an ontological shift from binaries into multiplicities and multiple temporalities. Assemblage also sheds light on the role of discourse in these transformations and shows how language gains its productive force only in collaboration with other elements.
Redrawing the boundary of “speech community”: how and why the historicity and materiality of language and the space/place distinction matter to its reconceptualization
Authors: Inoue Miyako
Published: March 2021

This essay contemplates how we adapt existing sociolinguistic theoretical concepts, methodologies, and analytical units to the world we live in today. Regardless of one’s location on the globe, our lives are profoundly affected by increasingly intense global interconnections and, at the same time, equally intense differentiation of space attending late global capitalism and the evolving nation-state system. While sociolinguistics has attended the heterogeneity within the speech community, in the world today as such, the idea of speech community as bounded is no longer tenable. In envisioning the future direction of IJSL and its leadership in the field, this essay suggests that speech community as an analytical concept would be significantly advanced through the theoretical integration of the space/place distinction and the historicity and materiality of language into its architectonics. By drawing on some of the recent works for guiding models, the essay argues that the reconceptualization of speech community would also demand radical openness to interdisciplinary approaches.
Characterization of cardiac autonomic function in COVID-19 using heart rate variability: a hospital based preliminary observational study
Authors: Kaliyaperumal Deepalakshmi , RK Karthikeyan , Alagesan Murali , Ramalingam Sudha
Published: March 2021

Objectives

The novel corona virus disease, which was initially reported in China in late 2019, has become a global pandemic affecting 330 million cases. COVID-19 affects predominantly the respiratory system, in addition to other organ systems, mainly the cardiovascular system. One of the hypotheses is that virus entering the target cells by binding to angiotensin converting enzyme 2 affecting hypothalamic pituitary axis could lead to dysautonomia which is measured by heart rate variability (HRV). HRV is a non-invasive measure of autonomic function that facilitates identification of COVID-19 patients at the risk of developing cardiovascular complications. So, we aimed to assess HRV in COVID patients and compare between COVID patients and normal controls.

Methods

In a case control design, we compared 63 COVID-19 infected patients with 43 healthy controls matched for age and gender. Along with clinical characterization, heart rate variability was evaluated using ambulatory 5 min ECG in lead II and expressed in frequency and time domain measures. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 17.0.

Results

Mean age of the study population was 49.1 ± 14.2 years and 71 (66.9%) were males. Frequency domain measures high (HF) and low (LF) frequency powers were significantly decreased in COVID-19 patients compared to controls. HF/LF and LF/HF ratios were not different between groups. Time domain measures rMSSD (root mean square of successive RR interval differences) and SDNN (standard deviation of NN intervals) were significantly increased among COVID-19 subjects. COVID-19 infection was associated with increased parasympathetic activity as defined by rMSSD>40 {adjusted odds ratio 7.609 (95% CI 1.61–35.94); p=0.01} and SDNN>60 {adjusted odds ratio 2.620 (95% CI 1.070–6.44); p=0.035} after adjusting for age, gender and comorbidities.

Conclusions

Our study results showed increased parasympathetic tone in COVID patients. Early diagnosis of autonomic imbalance in COVID patients is needed to plan management and limit progression of disease.
Metal nanoparticles-based nanoplatforms for colorimetric sensing: A review
Authors: Xu Ning , Jin Shuang , Wang Li
Published: March 2021

With the progress of analysis technology and nanotechnology, colorimetric detection has become one of the research hotspots in the field of analytical chemistry. Compared with traditional detection methods, the colorimetric method has many advantages, such as high sensitivity, good selectivity, convenience and fast, as well as low cost. In recent years, metal nanoparticles have been introduced into colorimetry, making the research and application of colorimetry develop rapidly. In this work, we summarize the usual colorimetric detection methods based on metal nanoparticles-based nanozymes and their applications in the last five years. We hope that this work will help readers understand the mechanism and practical application value of nanozyme-based colorimetric biosensors. Meanwhile, this work may give some hints and references for future colorimetric detection research to promote the application and development of nanozyme-based colorimetry in biomedical and environmental analysis.
Changes in cell membranes of white blood cells treated with a common food additive E407a
Authors: Tkachenko Anton , Onishchenko Anatolii , Posokhov Yevgen , Roshal Alexander , Myasoedov Valeriy , Nakonechna Oksana
Published: March 2021

Objectives

To estimate the state of phospholipid bilayer of rats WBCs exposed to a common food additive E407a, which is used as a thickener and emulsifier, during 4 h using a fluorescent probe − ortho-hydroxy derivative of 2,5-diaryl-1,3-oxazole.

Materials and methods

Steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy: a study by the environment-sensitive fluores-cent probe − 2-(2′-hydroxy-phenyl)-5-phenyl-1,3-oxazole (probe O1O).

Results

Changes are detected in the spectra of the fluorescent probe bound to rat WBCs treated with the solutions of E407a of various concentrations in comparison with the corresponding spectra of the probe incubated with the untreated leukocytes. The decrease in polarity and proton-donor ability is observed in the lipid membranes of leukocytes in the region, where the probe locates.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest a higher dehydration of leukocyte membranes of rats treated with a common food additive E407a at high concentrations and, thus, indicate that exposure to high doses of E407a leads to the increase in the lipid order (i.e. to decrease in fluidity) of the membranes of rat WBCs.
Development and usability testing of an educational mobile learning app for climate change and health impacts
Authors: Aydoğan Elif , Atik Ali Derya , Dikmen Ergin Şafak , Erkoç Figen
Published: March 2021

Objectives

Mobile applications, social media platforms are changing Internet user behavior; creating a new era of education in a connected world. We have previously reported training needs of health providers in the Climate Change. Aim is to develop and test an Android® mobile app as an effective smart learning environment for climate change health impacts.

Methods

The quasi-experimental design method was used in five phases: easy-to-reach, rich content Mobile app design and development for Android® operating system, scale development, finalizing scales to be used, implementation, data collection, analysis. Dependent t-test of pre-test and post-test awareness scores was analyzed. Usability and satisfaction were assessed with two scales; quantitative data with descriptive statistics.

Results

The developed Mobile app was effective in enhancing students’ learning experience, and well-received in terms of adopting and using such technology for educational purposes. Pre-test and post-test scores different statistically (p<0.05); increasing participants’ awareness level and were satisfied.

Conclusions

We conclude that our Mobile app, m-learning project, is successfully incorporated into the learning context; when tested, raised awareness about climate change and health effects for the public. To our knowledge, no currently existing tool to provide new mobile application for climate change education and promote awareness exists.
La transformación en la motivación y las aspiraciones de los estudiantes de periodismo a lo largo de tres años de grado: un análisis de las variables explicativas
Authors: García-Borrego Manuel , Córdoba-Cabús Alba
Published: March 2021

Este trabajo describe la evolución de la motivación profesional de los estudiantes de Periodismo a lo largo de tres años y detalla algunas de las variables que explican su fluctuación a través de un análisis de regresión. Para ello se realizaron tres encuestas en años consecutivos (2017, 2018 y 2019) a dos promociones de alumnos de las universidades de Málaga y Complutense de Madrid (n=2.546). Los resultados muestran una pérdida de la motivación en ambos grupos: los más vocacionales decrecen en torno a un 30%, mientras que los más descontentos aumentan entre un 71% y un 347% según el curso; todo ello agravado por la creciente pujanza de la comunicación corporativa y la alta tasa de abandono en la encuesta, que tiende a responder a una pérdida de interés por la profesión periodística. El análisis de regresión (r2 ajustado = 0,151) indicó que la voluntad de dedicarse al Periodismo se veía determinada, además de por el curso, por otros factores como la satisfacción con el grado (a menor satisfacción, menor impulso vocacional) o el área de especialización de interés (más motivados los de Deportes, menos los de Cultura). También incidían en menor medida la experiencia en prácticas, la percepción sobre el estado de la profesión o la edad.
Las preferencias musicales de los estudiantes: hacia un reconocimiento de sus identidades culturales
Authors: Marín-Liébana Pablo , Blasco Magraner José Salvador , Botella Nicolás Ana María
Published: March 2021

Diversas tradiciones de educación musical crítica sostienen la necesidad de reconocer las identidades de los estudiantes mediante la incorporación curricular de sus preferencias musicales, las cuales pertenecen principalmente a la música popular urbana. Sin embargo, esta todavía no es utilizada de manera generalizada en los diferentes sistemas educativos y es comúnmente rechazada por los docentes, quienes la consideran estéticamente inferior. No obstante, un conocimiento en profundidad de la construcción e implicaciones psicosociales de dichas preferencias podría contribuir a aumentar su inclusión en el ámbito educativo. En este sentido, este artículo realiza una revisión bibliográfica de 105 trabajos sobre las principales teorías, modelos y estudios evolutivos que las explican, la relación entre preferencias e identidades musicales, el concepto de música popular urbana como objeto de estudio de la musicología y las iniciativas que ya la han incorporado dentro del aula. Como se verá, las preferencias musicales de los estudiantes no son meras modas pasajeras sino complejos constructos que les ayudan a construir su identidad personal y a establecer relaciones sociales positivas. Algunas iniciativas como Modern Band o Little Kids Rock ya la han incorporada en el aula de música, mientras que la legislación de los países nórdicos es la más avanzada en este aspecto, habiendo establecido que los intereses y preferencias de los estudiantes deben ser reconocidos e incluidos como parte del currículum.
radioterapia para el tratamiento del cáncer en la publicidad de principios del s. XX
Authors: Almudéver Campo Laura , Camaño Puig Ramón E.
Published: March 2021

El descubrimiento de los rayos X y del radium generó gran curiosidad entre los científicos. Ambos elementos representaban la cura milagrosa que podría tratar una amplia gama de enfermedades mortales, como el cáncer, pudiendo llegar a colmar las expectativas de la población. El objetivo de dicho artículo es analizar las inserciones publicitarias relativas al radium y los rayos X aplicadas para el tratamiento del cáncer, en la prensa española a comienzos del siglo XX (1903-1912), en los periódicos ABC y La Vanguardia. Para ello, a partir de la hemeroteca digital de ambos medios se seleccionaron todas y cada una de las veces que se pudo identificar el término “cáncer” en los anuncios publicitarios, para posteriormente seleccionar únicamente aquellos cuyo tratamiento ofertado para la cura del cáncer fuera la radioterapia. En total se publicaron un total de 162 anuncios, 146 para ABC y 16 para La Vanguardia. Se puede afirmar que el tratamiento proporcionado por ambos medios es bastante diferente en términos numéricos, aunque en los aspectos cualitativos hay niveles de coincidencias importantes. La publicidad fue sobre todo redaccional, aunque poco a poco la imagen empezó a cobrar protagonismo, los mensajes publicitarios fueron depurándose y mejoró el tratamiento tipográfico, algo que se nota de manera incipiente en nuestro grupo de anuncios. Todo ello nos permite hablar de la progresiva consolidación de un mercado publicitario desde el primer decenio del siglo XX.
Comunicación y espacios culturales en tiempos de COVID-19
Authors: García-Martín Inma , Ortega-Mohedano Félix , Pérez-Peláez María-Esther
Published: March 2021

El COVID-19 ha ocasionado el cierre de los grandes entes culturales que ha impactado en los hábitos culturales de los ciudadanos. Desde el inicio de esta Pandemia Global, las herramientas digitales se han convertido en las grandes aliadas de los museos para seguir en contacto con sus visitantes, reforzando sus vínculos y apostando por la digitalización de contenidos tanto en formato directo como diferido. Analizar la eficacia de esta comunicación digital y los hábitos de uso y consumo que caracteriza a los visitantes de los museos para readaptar y mejorar las estrategias de comunicación de los museos en tiempos de Coronavirus es fundamental. Se trata de un estudio de carácter estadístico - descriptivo donde se presentan los resultados de un cuestionario realizado a 619 visitantes de dos de los museos con mayor número de visitas en Castilla y León: El Museo de La Evolución Humana y El Museo Art Nouveau y Art Decó – Casa Lis. Entre los principales resultados destaca el aumento en el número de visitantes que accede a la información a través de redes sociales y servicios móviles, lo que implica un cambio en la forma de informarse, pero también se detecta la necesidad de implementar estrategias digitales para afrontar una crisis como el COVID-19.
Docentes universitarios migrantes: una mirada cuantitativa a un problema cualitativo
Authors: Salcedo Audy , Uzcátegui Pacheco Ramón Alexander
Published: March 2021

Para Venezuela la migración es un fenómeno reciente que por su cuantía ha llamado la atención de países y organismos internacionales. Este estudio se centra en docentes universitarios para indagar algunos de los factores que condicionaron su salida del país, determinar sus características laborales y académicas al momento de la migración y explorar elementos de su inserción socio profesional en el país receptor. Se trabajó con una muestra no probabilística de 373 docentes que respondieron un cuestionario en línea. Los resultados indican que la crisis política económica del país motivó su migración. La mayoría salió a partir de 2015. Casi la mitad tiene título de doctor y menos de un tercio trabaja ahora en docencia universitaria, pero señalan que sus condiciones de vida son mejores a las tenían al momento de migrar.
Effects of Camera Lens Distortion on Particle Size and Shape Characterizations
Authors: Sun Quan , Li Cheng , Zheng Junxing
Published: March 2021

The image-based methods have been widely used for particle size and shape characterizations. However, images captured by various cameras may contain a level of lens distortion. This study shows that even a small distortion that cannot be identified by visual observation could significantly alter image-based particle size and shape distortions. This study develops a self-rectification technique to rectify the distorted images. The key is to use a rectangular template as a reference system. An edge detection technique is used to identify the edges of the rectangular template, which becomes curves in the distorted images. Image processing techniques based on least square and Levernberg-Marquardt approaches are used to rectify the curved edges back to straight lines and determine distortion coefficients. The distortion coefficients are used to quantify the magnitude of image distortion and to rectify the image. This research demonstrates that it is unreliable to use visual observation to determine whether the image contains distortion. The rigorous analysis must be performed to ensure the accuracy of image-based particle size and shape characterizations.
An Empirical Study on the Effect of Multimedia-Assisted Children’s Tennis Skills Teaching
Authors: Huang Jian , Liu Ruoqian
Published: March 2021

In recent years, human beings have gradually entered the information age, science and technology have continued to develop, and multimedia-assisted teaching methods have become increasingly popular among teachers. In order to satisfy the children’s interest, tennis is a relatively delicate and complex sport. To develop their majors, increase children’s enthusiasm and participation and reach the teaching goals of tennis. This article combines the content characteristics of tennis professional technical courses, designs multimedia tennis courseware, and uses multimedia courseware to assist experimental courses in teaching experiments. Then compare the teaching results with the courses of regular teaching. The experimental results show that there are significant differences in sports interest and children’s satisfaction in multimedia teaching-aided tennis teaching, but there is no significant difference in traditional teaching. The results show that multimedia courseware can better improve children’s technical teaching effects and children’s satisfaction.
Design and Implementation of Multimedia Technology Assisted English Vocabulary Teaching Courseware for Industrial Engineering Major
Authors: Li Yang , Su Zheqian , Li Chengkun , Li Weiwei , Yang Kunpeng
Published: March 2021

With the popularity of computers, multimedia teaching came into being. Facts have proved that multimedia teaching has many advantages (e.g., information diversification, integration of various technologies, interaction of processing processes, etc.). However, as everyone knows, industrial engineering students are non-English majors and belong to science and engineering. Students’ English level lags behind English majors. In English learning, vocabulary memory is usually the biggest obstacle for students to learning English. Especially some synonyms, antonyms, pronunciations, and derived words are difficult to remember and easy to confuse. There are also many synonyms, whose breadth and depth are complex, and it is difficult for students to remember clearly. Therefore, this puts forward a new topic for industrial engineering English teachers, that is, how to make monotonous English vocabulary teaching interesting, vivid, and easy to remember while also improving students’ English performance and English learning ability. From the perspective of multimedia teaching, this article aims to find a more convenient, efficient, and practical method of teaching English vocabulary for industrial engineering majors, and make English vocabulary teaching courseware related to industrial engineering. From a practical point of view, the use of English multimedia in industrial engineering is promising. Through the comparison of experimental data, the specific role of multimedia teaching in English vocabulary teaching is discussed. Before the experiment, the results of the experimental class and the control class are very different. The English learning progress and academic performance of the experimental class are much better than those of the control class. The average score for gender differences is 1.2 points. There are significant differences in test results after the experiment. The average score difference is 4.71 points. The concentration of the experimental class is also better.
Effects of Atmospheric Pressure on Water Absorption in Plastic Insulation – A Laboratory Investigation
Authors: Andenæs Erlend , Stagrum Anna E. , Kvande Tore , Lohne Jardar
Published: March 2021

Plastic insulation materials, particularly polystyrene insulation, are widely used in the construction sector because of their good insulating capabilities and mechanical stability. However, in many building applications, the insulation materials are exposed to high levels of moisture over prolonged periods, which increases the thermal conductivity of the material and may facilitate growth of fungi. In order to minimize the extent and impact of moisture absorption in plastic insulation, more knowledge is sought on the exact process by which water is absorbed. In this article, tests of water absorption by complete immersion are carried out on expanded polystyrene (EPS) and extruded polystyrene (XPS), following Method 2A of the European Standard EN 12087:2013, Thermal Insulating Products for Building Applications - Determination of Long Term Water Absorption by Immersion, but over a longer duration (227 days) and with more frequent measurements than mandated by the standard. Over 91 days, EPS was found to absorb an amount of water approximately four times its dry mass. Observations indicate that the water absorption of EPS is significantly influenced by fluctuations in atmospheric pressure. A drop in pressure of 50 hPa between two measurements 1 week apart led to a 15 wt.% decrease in the water content of submerged EPS samples. XPS was found to absorb significantly less moisture than EPS, with a weight increase less than 15% over 91 days and with negligible influence from variations in atmospheric pressure. The impact of atmospheric pressure fluctuation is currently not accounted for in any testing standards. As such, this article uncovers a major source of uncertainty in the testing procedure of EN 12087:2013 and its ASTM counterparts.
Multiple Deferred State Sampling Plan for Exponentiated New Weibull Pareto Distributed Mean Life Assurance
Authors: Jeyadurga P. , Balamurali S.
Published: March 2021

This article proposes a methodology of designing the multiple deferred state acceptance sampling plan for assuring lifetime of the products when the underlying distribution of lifetime is exponentiated new Weibull-Pareto. Inspection of the sample items is done based on attribute quality characteristics under a time truncated life test. A number of tables are constructed using attribute multiple deferred state acceptance sampling plans of some specified value for mean lifetime ratio that may be obtained under the exponentiated new Weibull-Pareto model. The consequence of misspecification of the shape parameter and the role of the number of successive lots needed for sentencing current lot are investigated. A procedure for implementing the proposed plan for life-testing applications is included. The performance of the proposed plan is compared in terms of the average sample number required as well as discriminating power.
The Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Modulates Error-Based Saccadic Learning in Monkeys
Authors: Kojima Yoshiko , May Paul J.
Published: March 2021

The basal ganglia have long been considered crucial for associative learning, but whether they also are involved in another type of learning, error-based motor learning, is not clear. Error-based learning has been considered the province of the cerebellum. However, learning to use a robotic arm and saccade adaptation, which use error-based learning, are facilitated by motivation, which is a function of the basal ganglia. Additionally, patients with Parkinson’s disease, a basal ganglia deficit, show slower saccade adaptation than age matched controls. To further investigate whether the basal ganglia actually influence error-based learning, we reversibly inactivated the oculomotor portion of the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) in two monkeys and tested saccade adaptation. Here, we show that nigral inactivation affected saccade adaptation. In particular, the inactivation facilitated the amplitude decrease adaptation of ipsiversive saccades. Consistent with previous studies, no effect was seen on the amplitude of the ipsiversive saccades when we did not induce adaptation. Therefore, the facilitated adaptation was not caused by inactivation directly modulating ipsiversive saccades. On the other hand, the kinematics of corrective saccades, which represent error processing, were changed after the inactivation. Thus, our data suggest that the oculomotor SNr assists saccade adaptation by strengthening the error signal. This effect indicates the basal ganglia influence error-based motor learning, a previously unrecognized function.
Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex Encodes the Integrated Incentive Motivational Value of Cognitive Task Performance
Authors: Yee Debbie M. , Crawford Jennifer L. , Lamichhane Bidhan , Braver Todd S.
Published: March 2021

Humans can seamlessly combine value signals from diverse motivational incentives, yet it is not well understood how these signals are “bundled” in the brain to modulate cognitive control. The dorsal ACC (dACC) is theorized to integrate motivational value dimensions in the service of goal-directed action, although this hypothesis has yet to receive rigorous confirmation. In the present study, we examined the role of human dACC in motivational incentive integration. Healthy young adult men and women were scanned with fMRI while engaged in an experimental paradigm that quantifies the combined effects of liquid (e.g., juice, neutral, saltwater) and monetary incentives on cognitive task performance. Monetary incentives modulated trial-by-trial dACC activation, whereas block-related effects of liquid incentives on dACC activity were observed. When bundled together, incentive-related dACC modulation predicted fluctuations in both cognitive performance and self-report motivation ratings. Statistical mediation analyses suggest that dACC encoded the incentives in terms of their integrated subjective motivational value, and that this value signal was most proximally associated with task performance. Finally, we confirmed that these incentive integration effects were selectively present in dACC. Together, the results support an account in which dACC integrates motivational signals to compute the expected value of goal-directed cognitive control.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHow are primary and secondary incentives integrated in the brain to influence goal-directed behavior? Using an innovative experimental fMRI paradigm that combines motivational incentives that have historically been studied independently between species (e.g., monetary rewards for humans, food rewards for animals), we examine the relationship between incentive motivational value and cognitive control allocation. We find evidence that the integrated incentive motivational value of combined incentives is encoded in human dorsal ACC. Further, self-reported motivational shifts mediated the effects of incentive-modulated dorsal ACC activity on task performance, revealing convergence in how self-reported and experimentally induced motivation are encoded in the human brain. Our findings may inform future translational studies examining affective/motivational and cognitive impairments in psychopathology (e.g., anxiety, depression, addiction).
Representaciones sociales de los mexicanos desempleados y subempleados en torno a depresión y ansiedad: un estudio comparado; Chicago y ciudad de México
Authors: Caicedo Maritza
Published: March 2021

En este artículo se analizan algunos factores que influyen en los bajos niveles de malestar psicológico entre inmigrantes mexicanos en Estados Unidos. Para ese propósito, usamos las representaciones sociales como una perspectiva teórico-metodológica, constatando que los niveles de malestar psicológico entre este colectivo son menores que entre sus coterráneos en México. Asimismo, encontramos que los inmigrantes tienen una idea general sobre la ansiedad y depresión, asignándoles una connotación negativa. Estos aspectos, aunados a los objetivos económicos de su proyecto migratorio, son algunos de los factores que explicarían los menores niveles de autoreporte de malestar psicológico en los inmigrantes mexicanos en ese país.
Numerical study of asymmetric and axisymmetric thermal jet with entropy generation concept
Authors: Belakhal D. , Rahmani Kouider , Elkaroui Amel Elkaroui , Ben Haj Ayech Syrine , Mahjoub Saïd Nejla , Imine Bachir
Published: March 2021

In the current investigation, numerical study of a thermal jet of asymmetric (rectangular and elliptical) and axisymmetric (circular) geometry was investigated with variable density to verify the impact of the ratio of density and geometry on the generation of entropy. The central jet was brought to different temperatures (194, 293 and 2110 K) to obtain density ratios (0.66, 1 and 7.2) identical to a mixture jet ((Air-CO2), (Air-Air) and (Air-He)), respectively. Solving the three-dimensional numerical resolution of the Navier Stocks for turbulent flow permanent enclosed on the turbulence model K-εstandard was made. The results acquired are compared with that carried out in previous experimental studies, where it was concluded that, the axisymmetric (circular) geometry increases the entropy generation.
Leksyka tatarskich tekstów przekładowych
Authors:   Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika, Kulwicka-Kamińska Joanna
Published: March 2021

This article presents various layers of vocabulary constituting lexis of the Tatar tefsir, i.e. the translation of the Quran to the Polish language of the northern borderland, performed in the 16th century by Tatars of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Most emphasis was put on the northern borderland, separated on the basis of criteria adopted in the literature of the subject. Selected vocabulary was arranged alphabetically. A context was given in which it occurs and a semantic characteristic was provided on the basis of lexicographic sources – Polish and the East Slavic Languages. It was found that Tatar tefsir contains words previously not described or present in other historic assets of north-eastern borderland. This is particularly true with respect to forms borrowed from the East Slavic Languages, including hybrid forms. What is more, it is characterised by the existence of Old Polish lexis, including names of people performing activities which were not recorded in dictionaries, and other, words used infrequently and in specific text types. Tatar tefsir is also a perfect source for historical studies of Slavic-Oriental relations.