bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First Report of Electron Measurements During a Europa Footprint Tail Crossing by Juno
Authors: Allegrini F. , Gladstone G. R. , Hue V. , Clark G. , Szalay J. R. , Kurth W. S. , Bagenal F. , Bolton S. , Connerney J. E. P. , Ebert R. W. , Greathouse T. K. , Hospodarsky G. B. , Imai M. , Louarn P. , Mauk B. H. , McComas D. J. , Saur J. , Sulaiman A. H. , Valek P. W. , Wilson R. J.
Published: September 2020

We report the first in situ observations of electron measurements at a Europa footprint tail (FPT) crossing in the auroral region. During its 12th science perijove pass, Juno crossed magnetic field lines connected to Europa's FPT. We find that electrons in the range ~0.4 to ~25 keV, with a characteristic energy of 3.6 ± 0.5 keV, precipitate into Jupiter's atmosphere to create the footprint aurora. The energy flux peaks at ~36 mW/m2, while the peak ultraviolet (UV) brightness is estimated at 37 kR. We estimate the peak electron density and temperature to be 17.3 cm−3 and 1.8 ± 0.1 keV, respectively. Using magnetic flux shell mapping, we estimate that the radial width of the interaction at Europa's orbit spans roughly 3.6 ± 1.0 Europa radii. In contrast to typical Io FPT crossings, the instrument background caused by penetrating energetic radiation (> ~5–10 MeV electrons) increased during the Europa FPT crossing.
Along‐Dip Variation in Seismic Radiation of the 2011 Ibaraki‐Oki, Japan, Earthquake (Mw 7.9) Inferred Using a Multiple‐Period‐Band Source Inversion Approach
Authors: Kubo Hisahiko , Asano Kimiyuki , Iwata Tomotaka , Aoi Shin
Published: September 2020

To elucidate the spatial variation in period‐dependent seismic radiation for the 2011 Ibaraki‐oki earthquake (Mw 7.9) in Japan, we applied a multiple‐period‐band source inversion approach to near‐source strong‐motion waveforms of this earthquake. We estimated source models of this earthquake in three successive period bands (5–10, 10–25, and 25–50 s) using strong‐motion data and Green's functions based on a 3‐D velocity structure model. The source models in the period bands of 10–25 and 25–50 s had large slips in the area to the south and southeast of the hypocenter in the depth range of 23–35 km, while the large slip area for the source model in the period band of 5–10 s was located in the deeper region ~30 km west of the hypocenter in the depth range of 35–45 km. These results indicate that long‐period (10–25 and 25–50 s) and short‐period (5–10 s) seismic waves were predominantly radiated from these different regions along the dip direction during the 2011 Ibaraki‐oki earthquake. This along‐dip variation in the dominant period of seismic radiation can be explained by the variation in scale in unstable sliding patches according to depth.
Wind Entrainment in Jets with Reversing Buoyancy: Implications for Volcanic Plumes
Authors: Michaud‐Dubuy A. , Carazzo G. , Kaminski E.
Published: September 2020

Explosive volcanic eruptions commonly undergo a transition from stable plume to collapsing fountain with associated destructive pyroclastic density currents. A major goal in physical volcanology is to predict quantitatively the limit between the flow regimes as a function of the source and environmental conditions. Atmospheric winds influence the dynamics and stability of the column causing bending and enhancing turbulent air entrainment. However, the predictions made with 1‐D models of volcanic plumes accounting for the presence of wind strongly depend on the wind entrainment coefficient β, a parameter whose value varies in the literature. Here we present a new theoretical model to identify an analytical criterion for column collapse in windy conditions. We then present new laboratory experiments on turbulent jets with reversing buoyancy rising in a crossflow in order to better constrain β. Our results show that a single value of
can be used to describe the behavior of laboratory jets with arbitrary buoyancy. The results allow us to parameterize our 1‐D model of volcanic plumes PPM and to show the crucial importance of wind gradient and profile on volcanic column dynamics through the use of the 1991 Mt. Hudson eruption as a case study. Finally, we propose a new transition diagram between the stable plume and collapsing fountain regimes, as a function of wind speed and mass discharge rate only, which can be used for the rapid assessment of major hazards during an explosive eruption.
Observed Variability of the North Atlantic Current in the Rockall Trough From 4 Years of Mooring Measurements
Authors: Houpert L. , Cunningham S. , Fraser N. , Johnson C. , Holliday N. P. , Jones S. , Moat B. , Rayner D.
Published: September 2020

The Rockall Trough is one of the main conduits for warm Atlantic Water to the Nordic Seas. Ocean heat anomalies, originating from the eastern subpolar gyre, are known to influence Arctic sea ice extent, marine ecosystems, and continental climate. Knowledge of the transport through this basin has previously been limited to estimates from hydrographic sections which cannot characterize the intra‐annual and multiannual variability. As part of the Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Programme (OSNAP), a mooring array was deployed in the Rockall Trough in order to obtain the first continuous measurements of transport. Here, we define the methodology and the errors associated with estimating these transports. Results show a 4‐year mean northward transport of 6.6 Sv (1 Sv = 106 m3/s) by the North Atlantic Current (NAC) in the east and interior of the Rockall Trough (2014–2018). A mean transport of −2.0 Sv (southward) is observed in the west of the basin, which could be part of a recirculation around the Rockall Plateau. The 90‐day low‐pass‐filtered transport shows large subannual and interannual variability (−1.6 to 9.1 Sv), mostly resulting from changes in the midbasin geostrophic transport. Satellite altimetry reveals the periods of low and high transport are associated with significant changes in the Rockall Trough circulation. There is a detectable seasonal signal, with the greatest transport in spring and autumn.
Pediatric Consultation-Liaison Psychology Services During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Pivoting to Provide Care
Authors: Steinberg Dara M. , Schneider Nicole M. , Guler Jessy , Garcia Andrea M. , Kullgren Kristin A. , Agoston A. Monica , Mudd Emily , Carter Bryan D. , Judd-Glossy Laura
Published: September 2020

Objective: The novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a rapid shift in the health care landscape. To meet the psychological needs of children/adolescents in the medical setting, pediatric consultation-liaison (CL) psychologists have had to radically adapt their traditional forms of practice. Method: To understand this adaptation, a questionnaire was sent to members of the consultation-liaison and related special interest groups of the Society of Pediatric Psychology (American Psychological Association Division 54). Questions included: participant background; practice setting; prepandemic/peri-pandemic psychological service delivery methodology; speed/level of support for service transition; and open-ended questions on challenges and benefits of providing CL services during the pandemic. Responses to open-ended questions were coded using content analysis. Results: Between April 6 and April 20, 2020, 51 individuals (88.2% female; 86.3% psychologists; 72.5% in free-standing children’s hospitals) participated. Findings showed service methodology shifted from predominantly face-to-face prepandemic (100%) with a small group (3.2%) also providing telemedicine services to a small percentage of their patients to primarily telemedicine during the initial stage of the pandemic (82.4%). During this time some (37.37%) used only telemedicine; several (9.8%) provided only face-to-face; a few (3.9%) completely paused services; and some (47.1%) used a mix of modalities. Conclusion: Given the predominant use of telemedicine, these findings are initial evidence of the feasibility of transitioning pediatric CL psychology services to meet pandemic-specific needs. Benefits of telemedicine include continuity of care, flexibility and efficiency, and organizational benefits. There were also reported challenges that provide important areas for improvement in the continued climate of uncertainty during the COVID-19 pandemic as well as future similar public health crises.

Implications for Impact Statement

Pediatric consultation-liaison (CL) psychologists are effective in providing brief, focused interventions across pediatric patients and their families. Considering pediatric CL psychology services during the coronavirus 2019 pandemic, it was important to collect information on how pediatric CL psychologists provided mental health services during this the initial stage of the pandemic in the United States. Findings indicated that service delivery shifted from face-to-face to telemedicine to address the patient needs and institutional guidelines, suggesting the feasibility of transitioning pediatric CL psychology services to respond to dynamic public health crises.
Intermediate-phase-assisted low-temperature formation of γ-CsPbI3 films for high-efficiency deep-red light-emitting devices
Authors: Yi Chang , Liu Chao , Wen Kaichuan , Liu Xiao-Ke , Zhang Hao , Yu Yong , Fan Ning , Ji Fuxiang , Kuang Chaoyang , Ma Bo , Tu Cailing , Zhang Ya , Xue Chen , Li Renzhi , Gao Feng , Huang Wei , Wang Jianpu
Published: September 2020

Black phase CsPbI3 is attractive for optoelectronic devices, while usually it has a high formation energy and requires an annealing temperature of above 300 °C. The formation energy can be significantly reduced by adding HI in the precursor. However, the resulting films are not suitable for light-emitting applications due to the high trap densities and low photoluminescence quantum efficiencies, and the low temperature formation mechanism is not well understood yet. Here, we demonstrate a general approach for deposition of γ-CsPbI3 films at 100 °C with high photoluminescence quantum efficiencies by adding organic ammonium cations, and the resulting light-emitting diode exhibits an external quantum efficiency of 10.4% with suppressed efficiency roll-off. We reveal that the low-temperature crystallization process is due to the formation of low-dimensional intermediate states, and followed by interionic exchange. This work provides perspectives to tune phase transition pathway at low temperature for CsPbI3 device applications.
Elucidation of the aberrant 3′ splice site selection by cancer-associated mutations on the U2AF1
Authors: Yoshida Hisashi , Park Sam-Yong , Sakashita Gyosuke , Nariai Yuko , Kuwasako Kanako , Muto Yutaka , Urano Takeshi , Obayashi Eiji
Published: September 2020

The accurate exclusion of introns by RNA splicing is critical for the production of mature mRNA. U2AF1 binds specifically to the 3´ splice site, which includes an essential AG dinucleotide. Even a single amino acid mutation of U2AF1 can cause serious disease such as certain cancers or myelodysplastic syndromes. Here, we describe the first crystal structures of wild-type and pathogenic mutant U2AF1 complexed with target RNA, revealing the mechanism of 3´ splice site selection, and how aberrant splicing results from clinically important mutations. Unexpected features of this mechanism may assist the future development of new treatments against diseases caused by splicing errors.
Effect of temporary housing on incidence of diabetes mellitus in survivors of a tsunami-stricken area in 2011 Japan disaster: a serial cross-sectional RIAS study
Authors: Takahashi Shuko , Tanno Kozo , Yonekura Yuki , Shimoda Haruki , Sasaki Ryohei , Sakata Kiyomi , Ogawa Akira , Kobayashi Seiichiro
Published: September 2020

The association between incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and living conditions has not been studied after natural disasters. We compared the incidence of DM between individuals living in temporary housing (TH) and those living in other types of accommodation (non-TH) five years after the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake. Longitudinal follow-up was conducted from 2011 to 2015 in a cohort of 7,491 residents of coastal communities in Iwate Prefecture directly impacted by the 2011 disaster (mean age, 61.6 years; men, 36.0%). We calculated the odds ratio of new onset of DM in the TH group (n = 2,372) compared with the non-TH group (n = 5,119) using discrete-time logit models stratified by sex and age classes (64 years or younger and older than 65 years). The TH group showed a significantly higher odds ratio (OR) for DM in men aged 64 years or younger (OR [95% confidence interval (CI)], 1.71 [1.03–2.85]; P-value = 0.040). In women, living conditions were not significantly associated DM. Survivors relocated to TH appeared to be at an increased risk of new onset DM.
Tryptophan-like and humic-like fluorophores are extracellular in groundwater: implications as real-time faecal indicators
Authors: Sorensen James P. R. , Carr Andrew F. , Nayebare Jacintha , Diongue Djim M. L. , Pouye Abdoulaye , Roffo Raphaëlle , Gwengweya Gloria , Ward Jade S. T. , Kanoti Japhet , Okotto-Okotto Joseph , van der Marel Laura , Ciric Lena , Faye Seynabou C. , Gaye Cheikh B. , Goodall Timothy , Kulabako Robinah , Lapworth Daniel J. , MacDonald Alan M. , Monjerezi Maurice , Olago Daniel , Owor Michael , Read Daniel S. , Taylor Richard G.
Published: September 2020

Fluorescent natural organic matter at tryptophan-like (TLF) and humic-like fluorescence (HLF) peaks is associated with the presence and enumeration of faecal indicator bacteria in groundwater. We hypothesise, however, that it is predominantly extracellular material that fluoresces at these wavelengths, not bacterial cells. We quantified total (unfiltered) and extracellular (filtered at < 0.22 µm) TLF and HLF in 140 groundwater sources across a range of urban population densities in Kenya, Malawi, Senegal, and Uganda. Where changes in fluorescence occurred following filtration they were correlated with potential controlling variables. A significant reduction in TLF following filtration (ΔTLF) was observed across the entire dataset, although the majority of the signal remained and thus considered extracellular (median 96.9%). ΔTLF was only significant in more urbanised study areas where TLF was greatest. Beneath Dakar, Senegal, ΔTLF was significantly correlated to total bacterial cells (ρs 0.51). No significant change in HLF following filtration across all data indicates these fluorophores are extracellular. Our results suggest that TLF and HLF are more mobile than faecal indicator bacteria and larger pathogens in groundwater, as the predominantly extracellular fluorophores are less prone to straining. Consequently, TLF/HLF are more precautionary indicators of microbial risks than faecal indicator bacteria in groundwater-derived drinking water.
The unprecedented diversity of UGT94-family UDP-glycosyltransferases in Panax plants and their contribution to ginsenoside biosynthesis
Authors: Yang Chengshuai , Li Chaojing , Wei Wei , Wei Yongjun , Liu Qunfang , Zhao Guoping , Yue Jianmin , Yan Xing , Wang Pingping , Zhou Zhihua
Published: September 2020

More than 150 ginsenosides have been isolated and identified from Panax plants. Ginsenosides with different glycosylation degrees have demonstrated different chemical properties and bioactivity. In this study, we systematically cloned and characterized 46 UGT94 family UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGT94s) from a mixed Panax ginseng/callus cDNA sample with high amino acid identity. These UGT94s were found to catalyze sugar chain elongation at C3-O-Glc and/or C20-O-Glc of protopanaxadiol (PPD)-type, C20-O-Glc or C6-O-Glc of protopanaxatriol (PPT)-type or both C3-O-Glc of PPD-type and C6-O-Glc of PPT-type or C20-O-Glc of PPD-type and PPT-type ginsenosides with different efficiencies. We also cloned 26 and 51 UGT94s from individual P. ginseng and P. notoginseng plants, respectively; our characterization results suggest that there is a group of UGT94s with high amino acid identity but diverse functions or catalyzing activities even within individual plants. These UGT94s were classified into three clades of the phylogenetic tree and consistent with their catalytic function. Based on these UGT94s, we elucidated the biosynthetic pathway of a group of ginsenosides. Our present results reveal a series of UGTs involved in second sugar chain elongation of saponins in Panax plants, and provide a scientific basis for understanding the diverse evolution mechanisms of UGT94s among plants.
Age-related differences in gait adaptations during overground walking with and without visual perturbations using a virtual reality headset
Authors: Osaba Muyinat Y. , Martelli Dario , Prado Antonio , Agrawal Sunil K. , Lalwani Anil K.
Published: September 2020

Older adults have difficulty adapting to new visual information, posing a challenge to maintain balance during walking. Virtual reality can be used to study gait adaptability in response to discordant sensorimotor stimulations. This study aimed to investigate age-related modifications and propensity for visuomotor adaptations due to continuous visual perturbations during overground walking in a virtual reality headset. Twenty old and twelve young subjects walked on an instrumented walkway in real and virtual environments while reacting to antero-posterior and medio-lateral oscillations of the visual field. Mean and variability of spatiotemporal gait parameters were calculated during the first and fifth minutes of walking. A 3-way mixed-design ANOVA was performed to determine the main and interaction effects of group, condition and time. Both groups modified gait similarly, but older adults walked with shorter and slower strides and did not reduce stride velocity or increase stride width variability during medio-lateral perturbations. This may be related to a more conservative and anticipatory strategy as well as a reduced perception of the optic flow. Over time, participants adapted similarly to the perturbations but only younger participants reduced their stride velocity variability. Results provide novel evidence of age- and context-dependent visuomotor adaptations in response to visual perturbations during overground walking and may help to establish new methods for early identification and remediation of gait deficits.
A multi-scale eco-evolutionary model of cooperation reveals how microbial adaptation influences soil decomposition
Authors: Abs Elsa , Leman Hélène , Ferrière Régis
Published: September 2020

The decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM) is a critical process in global terrestrial ecosystems. SOM decomposition is driven by micro-organisms that cooperate by secreting costly extracellular (exo-)enzymes. This raises a fundamental puzzle: the stability of microbial decomposition in spite of its evolutionary vulnerability to “cheaters”—mutant strains that reap the benefits of cooperation while paying a lower cost. Resolving this puzzle requires a multi-scale eco-evolutionary model that captures the spatio-temporal dynamics of molecule-molecule, molecule-cell, and cell-cell interactions. The analysis of such a model reveals local extinctions, microbial dispersal, and limited soil diffusivity as key factors of the evolutionary stability of microbial decomposition. At the scale of whole-ecosystem function, soil diffusivity influences the evolution of exo-enzyme production, which feeds back to the average SOM decomposition rate and stock. Microbial adaptive evolution may thus be an important factor in the response of soil carbon fluxes to global environmental change.
Disassociated rhamphotheca of fossil bird Confuciusornis informs early beak reconstruction, stress regime, and developmental patterns
Authors: Miller Case Vincent , Pittman Michael , Kaye Thomas G. , Wang Xiaoli , Bright Jen A. , Zheng Xiaoting
Published: September 2020

Soft tissue preservation in fossil birds provides a rare window into their anatomy, function, and development. Here, we present an exceptionally-preserved specimen of Confuciusornis which, through Laser-Stimulated Fluorescence imaging, is identified as preserving a disassociated rhamphotheca. Reconstruction of the in vivo position of the rhamphotheca validates the association of the rhamphotheca with two previous confuciusornithid specimens while calling that of a third specimen into question. The ease of dissociation is discussed and proposed with a fourth specimen alongside finite element analysis as evidence for preferential soft-food feeding. However, this proposition remains tentative until there is a better understanding of the functional role of beak attachment in living birds. Differences in post-rostral extent and possibly rhamphotheca curvature between confuciusornithids and modern birds hint at developmental differences between the two. Together, this information provides a wealth of new information regarding the nature of the beak outside crown Aves.
Coupling between structural relaxation and diffusion in glass-forming liquids under pressure variation
Authors: Phan Anh D. , Koperwas Kajetan , Paluch Marian , Wakabayashi Katsunori
Published: September 2020

We theoretically investigate structural relaxation and activated diffusion of glass-forming liquids at different pressures using both Elastically Collective Nonlinear Langevin Equation (ECNLE) theory and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.
A statistical thermodynamics view of electron density polarisation: application to chemical selectivity
Authors: Guégan Frédéric , Tognetti Vincent , Martínez-Araya Jorge I. , Chermette Henry , Merzoud Lynda , Toro-Labbé Alejandro , Morell Christophe
Published: September 2020

A fundamental link between conceptual density functional theory and statistical thermodynamics is herein drawn, showing that intermolecular electrostatic interactions can be understood in terms of effective work and heat exchange.
Hydrogen in methanol catalysts by neutron imaging
Authors: Terreni Jasmin , Billeter Emanuel , Sambalova Olga , Liu Xiaochun , Trottmann Matthias , Sterzi Andrea , Geerlings Hans , Trtik Pavel , Kaestner Anders , Borgschulte Andreas
Published: September 2020

Neutron imaging reveals the amount of hydrogen intercalated into technical methanol catalysts as well as the amount of hydrogen containing intermediates and products during reaction.
Appearance of V-encapsulated tetragonal prism motifs in VSi10− and VSi11− clusters
Authors: Zhang Li-Juan , Yang Bin , Li Da-Zhi , Farooq Umar , Xu Xi-Ling , Zheng Wei-Jun , Xu Hong-Guang
Published: September 2020

A novel tetragonal prism unit is observed in VSi10− and VSi11− clusters, offering new ideas in developing components for Si-based nanodevices.
Mn2+ luminescence of Gd(Zn,Mg)B5O10 pentaborate under high pressure
Authors: Bulyk L.-I. , Vasylechko L. , Mykhaylyk V. , Tang C. , Zhydachevskyy Ya. , Hizhnyi Y. A. , Nedilko S. G. , Klyui N. I. , Suchocki A.
Published: September 2020

The crystallographic structure and influence of hydrostatic and chemical pressure on the Mn2+ luminescence of Gd(Zn,Mg)B5O10 pentaborate.
High carbonate ion conductance of a robust PiperION membrane allows industrial current density and conversion in a zero-gap carbon dioxide electrolyzer cell
Authors: Endrődi B. , Kecsenovity E. , Samu A. , Halmágyi T. , Rojas-Carbonell S. , Wang L. , Yan Y. , Janáky C.
Published: September 2020

A new anion exchange membrane (PiperION) in conjunction with a tailored zero-gap electrolyzer cell allows unprecedented partial current densities.
Sorption–desorption of dimethoate in urban soils and potential environmental impacts
Authors: Meftaul Islam Md , Venkateswarlu Kadiyala , Dharmarajan Rajarathnam , Annamalai Prasath , Megharaj Mallavarapu
Published: September 2020

The environmental fate and impact of dimethoate application in the urban environment were assessed in nine selected soils.
Dual emission in purely organic materials for optoelectronic applications
Authors: Kukhta Nadzeya A. , Bryce Martin R.
Published: September 2020

In this review, types and mechanisms of dual emission, as well as recent new insights for the design and applications of efficient novel dual emissive organic materials are presented.
In situsynthesis of high-performance 4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulfone modified oleo-alkyd nanocomposite coatings: role of hybrid nanofillers on physico-mechanical, hydrophobic and corrosion protective performance
Authors: Bakshi Mohammad Irfan , Ahmad Sharif
Published: September 2020

Tung oil monoglyceride (TMG), 4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulfone modified (DDS-TO-alkyd) polypyrrole enveloped cerium oxide (PPy-PSCeO2) nanofiller dispersed alkyd nanocomposites (alk-DDS-PPy-PSCeO2-x) were synthesized.
Synthesizing C–N–P-tridoped TiO2 in a Salix psammophila-activated carbon body to enhance its regeneration performance
Authors: Liu Wenjing , Wang Bin , Zhang Minghui
Published: September 2020

Loading TiO2 into an AC body via Salix psammophila pores. C, N, and P atoms were spontaneously doped into TiO2 lattices. MB removal ratio decreased by 11% after three trials. The synergistic effect of adsorption and photodegradation was enhanced.
Exploring indole derivatives as myeloid cell leukaemia-1 (Mcl-1) inhibitors with multi-QSAR approach: a novel hope in anti-cancer drug discovery
Authors: Amin Sk. Abdul , Ghosh Kalyan , Mondal Dipayan , Jha Tarun , Gayen Shovanlal
Published: September 2020

In humans, the over-expression of Mcl-1 protein causes different cancers and it is also responsible for cancer resistance to different cytotoxic agents.
Fenton-like removal of tetracycline from aqueous solution using iron-containing carbon dot nanocatalysts
Authors: Pirsaheb Meghdad , Moradi Sajad , Shahlaei Mohsen , Farhadian Negin
Published: September 2020

Iron-containing carbon dot nano-catalysts were synthesized hydrothermally and the Fenton-like reaction catalysed by Fe/CD was able to efficiently remove tetracycline.
Microwave-assisted synthesis of meso-carboxyalkyl-BODIPYs and an application to fluorescence imaging
Authors: Mhlongo Neliswa Z. , Ebenhan Thomas , Driver Cathryn H. S. , Maguire Glenn. E. M. , Kruger Hendrick G. , Govender Thavendran , Naicker Tricia
Published: September 2020

An improved method using microwave irradiation for the synthesis of modular meso-BODIPY derivatives was generated in up to 65% yield. It was then coupled to three different peptides while meso-BODIPY-c(RGDyK) peptide was assessed for its fluorescence imaging applicability.
Chemical synthesis of chitosan-mimetic polymersviaring-opening metathesis polymerization and their applications in Cu2+adsorption and catalytic decomposition
Authors: Li Na , Qu Xiaosai , Wang Lifeng , Tian Qingquan , Chen Yu , Yao Xianping , Chen Shusen , Jin Shaohua
Published: September 2020

Aiming at solving the uncontrollability in the properties of chitosan, we synthesized two chitosan-mimetic polymers, the homopolymer mimicPHNIand the copolymer mimicPHNI-PHNIA, by ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP).
Antibacterial properties of synthesized cyclic and linear cationic copolymers
Authors: Xu Jinbao , Pu Lu , Ma Jielin , Kumar Sagar Kundan , Duan Hongwei
Published: September 2020

Antibacterial activities of cationic cyclic copolymers compared to those of their linear counterparts were investigated.
Breaking the axiality of pentagonal–bipyramidal dysprosium(iii) single-molecule magnets with pyrazolate ligands
Authors: Li Zi-Han , Zhai Yuan-Qi , Chen Wei-Peng , Luo Qian-Cheng , Han Tian , Zheng Yan-Zhen
Published: September 2020

Ten air-stable dysprosium(iii) SMMs with destroyed pentagonal-bipyramidal geometry imposed by axial bidentate-chelating pyrazolate ligands are studied, showing substitutional effect on axial ligands and no effect on equatorial ligands.
Life science nanoarchitectonics at interfaces
Authors: Ariga Katsuhiko , Tsai Kun-Che , Shrestha Lok Kumar , Hsu Shan-hui
Published: September 2020

Interfacial nanoarchitectonics would be an important key concept for future advanced life science and technologies.
1,4-Addition of o-naphthoquinone methides induced by silver-catalyzed cyclization of enynones: an approach to unsymmetrical triarylmethanes and benzo[f]chromenes
Authors: Wu Feng , Zhang Li , Zhu Shifa
Published: September 2020

The 1,4-addition reaction of ortho-naphthoquinone methide (o-NQM) intermediates induced by silver-catalyzed ring formation with electron-rich aromatic compounds and α-methylene ketones has been developed.
Palladium-catalyzed carbonylative synthesis of arylacetamides from benzyl formates and tertiary amines
Authors: Lai Ming , Bao Zhi-Peng , Qi Xinxin , Wu Xiao-Feng
Published: September 2020

A palladium-catalyzed carbonylative synthesis of arylacetamides via a C–N bond cleavage of tertiary amines with benzyl formates as the CO source has been disclosed. A variety of arylacetamides were obtained in very good yields under oxidant-free conditions.
Study on mechanism of elemene reversing tumor multidrug resistance based on luminescence pharmacokinetics in tumor cells in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Chen Liying , Chen Zhi , Zheng Shuang , Fan Luhui , Zhu Lixin , Yu Jiandong , Tang Chaoyuan , Liu Qi , Xiong Yang
Published: September 2020

The correlation between efflux functionality of ATP-binding cassette transporters and tumor multidrug resistance reversing via elemene was investigated using bioluminescence imaging (BLI) technology and luciferase reporter gene technology.
Novel TiO2/GO/CuFe2O4 nanocomposite: a magnetic, reusable and visible-light-driven photocatalyst for efficient photocatalytic removal of chlorinated pesticides from wastewater
Authors: Ismael A. M. , El-Shazly A. N. , Gaber S. E. , Rashad M. M. , Kamel A. H. , Hassan S. S. M.
Published: September 2020

A TiO2/GO/CuFe2O4 heterostructure photocatalyst is fabricated by a simple and low cost ball milling pathway for enhancing the photocatalytic degradation of chlorinated pesticides under UV light irradiation.
Design and formulation of polymeric nanosponge tablets with enhanced solubility for combination therapy
Authors: Moin Afrasim , Roohi N. K. Famna , Rizvi Syed Mohd Danish , Ashraf Syed Amir , Siddiqui Arif Jamal , Patel Mitesh , Ahmed S. M. , Gowda D. V. , Adnan Mohd
Published: September 2020

Polymeric nanosponges as potential carriers for successful combination therapy of poorly soluble drugs (paracetamol, aceclofenac, caffeine).
Magnetite nanoparticle decorated reduced graphene oxide for adsorptive removal of crystal violet and antifungal activities
Authors: Kahsay Mebrahtu Hagos , Belachew Neway , Tadesse Aschalew , Basavaiah K.
Published: September 2020

This work reports synthesis of magnetic rGO/Fe3O4NCs using pod extract ofDolichos lablabL. as a reducing agent and its applications.
Misophonia: An Evidence-Based Case Report
Authors: Vanaja C. S. , Abigail Miriam Soni
Published: September 2020

Purpose

Misophonia is a sound tolerance disorder condition in certain sounds that trigger intense emotional or physiological responses. While some persons may experience misophonia, a few patients suffer from misophonia. However, there is a dearth of literature on audiological assessment and management of persons with misophonia. The purpose of this report is to discuss the assessment of misophonia and highlight the management option that helped a patient with misophonia.

Method

A case study of a 26-year-old woman with the complaint of decreased tolerance to specific sounds affecting quality of life is reported. Audiological assessment differentiated misophonia from hyperacusis. Management included retraining counseling as well as desensitization and habituation therapy based on the principles described by P. J. Jastreboff and Jastreboff (2014). A misophonia questionnaire was administered at regular intervals to monitor the effectiveness of therapy.

Results

A detailed case history and audiological evaluations including pure-tone audiogram and Johnson Hyperacusis Index revealed the presence of misophonia. The patient benefitted from intervention, and the scores of the misophonia questionnaire indicated a decrease in the severity of the problem.

Conclusions

It is important to differentially diagnose misophonia and hyperacusis in persons with sound tolerance disorders. Retraining counseling as well as desensitization and habituation therapy can help patients who suffer from misophonia.
Speech-Language Pathologists' Practices for Addressing Cognitive Deficits in College Students With Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Ackley Kristen , Brown Jessica
Published: September 2020

Purpose

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) accounts for a large percentage of death and disability in the United States. Survivors of TBI and their families often face impaired cognition (e.g., memory or attention). Currently, evidence supports the use of individualized cognitive therapy for individuals who experience TBI. Therefore, we conducted a modified narrative literature review of speech-language pathologists' practices relative to college students with TBI.

Method

We conducted a search across three platforms. Nine hundred sixty-three articles were reviewed by title. From this, 178 articles were selected to be reviewed by abstract and 36 articles were read in full. Of these, 13 articles were included in the review. Articles were selected for inclusion or exclusion based on specific criteria related to population and diagnosis.

Results

Overall, little evidence exists to guide clinicians regarding specific assessment and treatment practices for college students postinjury. The findings of this review article span four major areas: (a) general service delivery efforts, (b) education, (c) assessment, and (d) treatment.

Conclusion

Results of the literature search indicate that evidence is lacking to support specific practices for use by speech-language pathologists with this population and highlight future research needs to inform clinical practice.
Verbal Contingencies in the Lidcombe Program: A Noninferiority Trial
Authors: Donaghy Michelle , O'Brian Sue , Onslow Mark , Lowe Robyn , Jones Mark , Menzies Ross G.
Published: September 2020

Purpose

The Lidcombe Program is an efficacious and effective intervention for early stuttering. The treatment is based on parent verbal response contingent stimulation procedures, which are assumed to be responsible for treatment effect. The present trial tested this assumption.

Method

The design was a parallel, open plan, noninferiority randomized controlled trial. In the experimental arm, the five Lidcombe Program verbal contingencies were removed from parent instruction. The primary outcome was beyond-clinic percentage syllables stuttered at 18-month follow-up. Seventy-four children and their parents were randomized to one of the two treatment arms.

Results

Findings of noninferiority were inconclusive for the primary outcome of stuttering severity, based on a margin of 1.0 percentage syllables stuttered.

Conclusions

The inconclusive finding of noninferiority means it is possible that verbal contingencies make some contribution to the Lidcombe Program treatment effect. However, considering all primary and secondary outcomes, an overriding impression from the trial is a similarity of outcomes between the control and experimental arms. The clinical applications of the trial are discussed, along with further research that is needed.
A Meta-Analysis of the Association Between the Voice Handicap Index and Objective Voice Analysis
Authors: Zhao Elise E. , Nguyen Shaun A. , Salvador Craig D. , O'Rourke Ashli K.
Published: September 2020

Purpose

Dysphonia can be evaluated by both patient-reported quality of life instruments and objective acoustic and aerodynamic analyses. However, less is known about the association between the two metrics. The goal of this study was to perform a meta-analysis of the correlation of the Voice Handicap Index (VHI-30) with the following objective parameters: fundamental frequency, jitter, shimmer, harmonics to noise ratio, noise to harmonic ratio, maximum phonation time, and the Dysphonia Severity Index.

Method

A literature search was performed in the PubMed, Scopus, and Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature databases. Inclusion criteria were subjects age 18 years and older with voice complaints and assessed by both VHI-30 and objective voice analysis.

Results

A literature search resulted in 1,297 unique articles, of which 310 underwent full-text review and 17 studies were included in quantitative analysis. Significant pooled correlation was observed for VHI-30 total with jitter (.301 [.177; .416]), shimmer (.255 [.162; .344]), noise to harmonic ratio (.200 [.111; .285]), maximum phonation time (−.227 [−.352; −.094]), and Dysphonia Severity Index (−.254[−.455; −.0286]). Significant correlations were observed in 4/7 objective parameters with the Physical subscale, 3/7 with the Functional subscale, and 2/7 with the Emotional subscale. All significant correlations were negligible (0–.3) or low (.3–.5).

Conclusions

Results from meta-analysis showed that correlations between objective voice parameters and the VHI-30 were negligible or low. Further study is needed to determine if correlations vary by patient demographics or specific pathology.
Achievable rates of Gaussian cognitive interference channel with common interference
Authors: Al‐Qudah Zouhair , Darabkh Khalid A.
Published: September 2020

This study considers the Gaussian cognitive interference channel (IC), in which one of the two users operates in cognitive mode. In addition, to transmit its signal, the cognitive sender can cooperatively forward the primary signal to its destination, the primary receiver. Moreover, the transmission over this IC also experiences interference from a third source, which is commonly known as the common interferer source. To reduce the effect of both the primary signal and the common interference signal at the secondary destination, both the cognitive transmitter and its destination may have noisy complete (non‐causal) or partial (causal) knowledge of these signals. For this channel model, the achievable rate region is computed in which the availability of both the primary signal and the common interference signal at the cognitive transmitter and its destination can be (i) noisy non‐causal and (ii) causally estimated. The authors numerical results confirm that knowing both the primary signal and the common interference signal can significantly increase the achievable rate region. Indeed, the obtained achievable rate region is larger than the available bounds in the literature. Furthermore, representative numerical examples are also shown to demonstrate the value of the power allocation at the cognitive source.
Comprehensive study on divided‐teeth and permanent magnet assisted outer‐rotor switched reluctance motors
Authors: Farmahini Farahani Ehsan , Mirsalim Mojtaba
Published: September 2020

A comprehensive study on divided‐teeth permanent‐magnet assisted outer‐rotor switched reluctance motors (SRMs) is carried out. Foremost, it looks into the impact of the number of teeth per stator pole. The average and maximum torque profiles of the compared structures are obtained using finite‐element simulations. It is shown that as the number of teeth increases, higher torque is obtained. Then, six small PMs are inserted inside the teeth of neighbouring modules to form new hybrid reluctance motors (HRMs). The four permanent‐magnet assisted SRMs are compared in terms of the average and maximum torques using finite‐element simulations. Based on the comparison results, the 48/50 HRM is selected as the best candidate among all compared SRMs and HRMs. The magnetic flux density distributions, static torque, and flux linkage characteristics of the proposed HRM are obtained. Moreover, the cogging torque profile of the motor is obtained, which approximates to zero. Next, the steady‐state performances of the proposed HRM are obtained under low‐ and high‐operating speeds. Finally, a prototype of the machine is constructed and the test results are obtained and compared with those of the simulations, which show that there is a good agreement between these results.
1D‐CNN based real‐time fault detection system for power asset diagnostics
Authors: Mitiche Imene , Nesbitt Alan , Conner Stephen , Boreham Philip , Morison Gordon
Published: September 2020

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) diagnostics aid in identifying insulation and mechanical faults arising in high voltage (HV) electrical power assets. EMI frequency scans are analysed to detect the frequencies associated with these faults. Time‐resolved signals at these key frequencies provide important information for fault type identification and trending. An end‐to‐end fault classification approach based on real‐world EMI time‐resolved signals was developed which consists of two classification stages each based on 1D‐convolutional neural networks (1D‐CNNs) trained using transfer learning techniques. The first stage filters the in‐distribution signals relevant to faults from out‐of‐distribution signals that may be collected during the EMI measurement. The fault signals are then passed to the second stage for fault type classification. The proposed analysis exploits the raw measured time‐resolved signals directly into the 1D‐CNN which eliminates the need for engineered feature extraction and reduces computation time. These results are compared to previously proposed CNN‐based classification of EMI data. The results demonstrate high classification performance for a computationally efficient inference model. Furthermore, the inference model is implemented in an industrial instrument for HV condition monitoring and its performance is successfully demonstrated in tested in both a HV laboratory and an operational power generating site.
Method of amplitude data recovery in PMU measurements that considers synchronisation errors
Authors: Xue Ancheng , Kong He , Lao Yongzhao , Xu Feiyang , Wang Li , Wei Guoen , Shi Bonian , Leng Shuang , Bi Tianshu
Published: September 2020

The synchronised phasor measurement units (PMUs), serving as ‘GridEye’, provide data that improve the observability and controllability of the power grid due to its high accuracy and high‐upload rate. However, missing or abnormal data may seriously affect its applications. This study proposes a method to recover the missing or abnormal amplitude data in PMU measurements (i.e. the active power, reactive power, positive sequence current, and voltage amplitude), based on the historical PMU data obtained from both ends of the line, which is independent of the transmission line parameters and the phase angle that may be influenced by synchronisation. First, the issues in the quality of measured PMU data are analysed, and the motivation of the proposed method is stated. Then, a method to screen out the bad data from the historical data is proposed based on the density‐based spatial clustering of applications with noise. Furthermore, the model of data recovery is established, and the recovery method, which recovers the voltage amplitude, active power, reactive power, and current amplitude in sequence, using historical amplitude data to calculate related recovery coefficients is proposed. Finally, the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed method are verified by examples of simulation and measured data.
Optimisation method with node selection and centroid algorithm in underwater received signal strength localisation
Authors: Zhao Chen , Zhu Wenxiang , Qiao Gang , Zhou Feng
Published: September 2020

Target localisation is one of the key technologies and a performance metric in underwater acoustic sensor networks. A number of range‐free and range‐based localisation algorithms are proposed. Among them a range‐based localisation algorithm: weighted centroid localisation (WCL) is widely used due to the relatively simple implementation and better localisation. The accuracy of WCL, however, is reduced when the sensor nodes are farther from the centre or inappropriate nodes are selected to perform the localisation. This study proposes a novel and an efficient node optimisation algorithm based on received signal strength and weighted centroid. The proposed algorithm consists of three stages: (a) to estimate a rough region of the target node using bearing line and azimuth; (b) to calculate the optimal localisation region by the optimal localisation region function, and then (c) compare the overlap area of the rough region of the target node and the optimal localisation region to select the optimal localisation node. Simulation experiments show that the proposed optimal localisation region function can accurately represent the optimal localisation region of the geometrical figure, composed of different nodes. The study compares the performance of our proposed algorithm with the typical WCL algorithm, and clearly shows significant improvement in the localisation accuracy.
Theory of arbitrary rigid object motion autofocus for non‐uniform target rotation and translation
Authors: Garren David Alan
Published: September 2020

Moving targets in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery often yield signatures that are smeared beyond recognition. One mitigation strategy is to attempt to refocus such smears as if the corresponding targets were stationary. This problem is especially difficult for cases in which the target executes time‐varying rotation rates for roll, pitch and yaw, as well as for simultaneous non‐linear target translational motion. The current analysis develops an arbitrary rigid object motion autofocus (AROMA) for performing automatic refocus of such targets having non‐uniform rotation and translation profiles. AROMA uses a maximum likelihood signal‐theoretic analysis of the physical rotation angles and translation distances arising from the unknown rigid object motions in order to generate refocused target imagery. The efficacy of this methodology is demonstrated via the injection of a simulated rotating and translating target comprised of multiple scattering centres into a cluttered background of measured Ku‐band SAR data. Furthermore, the application of AROMA to an input defocused smear corresponding to a ‘target‐of‐opportunity’ vehicle in measured Ka‐band SAR imagery yields significant improvement in the target focus, thus further validating the underlying theoretical analysis developed herein.
MeerKAT HI commissioning observations of MHONGOOSE galaxy ESO 302-G014
Authors: de Blok W. J. G. , Athanassoula E. , Bosma A. , Combes F. , English J. , Heald G. H. , Kamphuis P. , Koribalski B. S. , Meurer G. R. , Román J. , Sardone A. , Verdes-Montenegro L. , Bigiel F. , Brinks E. , Chemin L. , Fraternali F. , Jarrett T. , Kleiner D. , Maccagni F. M. , Pisano D. J. , Serra P. , Spekkens K. , Amram P. , Carignan C. , Dettmar R.-J. , Gibson B. K. , Holwerda B. W. , Józsa G. I. G. , Lucero D. M. , Oosterloo T. A. , Ramaila A. J. T. , Ramatsoku M. , Sheth K. , Walter F. , Wong O. I. , Zijlstra A. A. , Bloemen S. , Groot P. J. , Le Poole R. , Klein-Wolt M. , Körding E. G. , McBride V. A. , Paterson K. , Pieterse D. L. A. , Vreeswijk P. , Woudt P. A.
Published: September 2020

Aims. We present the results of three commissioning H I observations obtained with the MeerKAT radio telescope. These observations make up part of the preparation for the forthcoming MHONGOOSE nearby galaxy survey, which is a MeerKAT large survey project that will study the accretion of gas in galaxies and the link between gas and star formation.

Methods. We used the available H I data sets, along with ancillary data at other wavelengths, to study the morphology of the MHONGOOSE sample galaxy, ESO 302-G014, which is a nearby gas-rich dwarf galaxy.

Results. We find that ESO 302-G014 has a lopsided, asymmetric outer disc with a low column density. In addition, we find a tail or filament of H I clouds extending away from the galaxy, as well as an isolated H I cloud some 20 kpc to the south of the galaxy. We suggest that these features indicate a minor interaction with a low-mass galaxy. Optical imaging shows a possible dwarf galaxy near the tail, but based on the current data, we cannot confirm any association with ESO 302-G014. Nonetheless, an interaction scenario with some kind of low-mass companion is still supported by the presence of a significant amount of molecular gas, which is almost equal to the stellar mass, and a number of prominent stellar clusters, which suggest recently triggered star formation.

Conclusions. These data show that MeerKAT produces exquisite imaging data. The forthcoming full-depth survey observations of ESO 302-G014 and other sample galaxies will, therefore, offer insights into the fate of neutral gas as it moves from the intergalactic medium onto galaxies.