bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coxiella burnetii infection in a patient with tick bite
Authors: Kim Chang-Woo , Kim Dong-Min , Kim Choon-Mee , Yun Na-Ra , Chatterjee Shilpa
Published: September 2023

Introduction: We report the case of a 60-year-old male who was hospitalized with fever, headache, fatigue, nausea, and myalgia for six days.
Methodology: Polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were performed on patient blood samples, and four ticks were collected from the area the patient mowed. Indirect immunofluorescence assays (IFAs) were performed on serum samples to detect specific antibodies.
Results: The collected ticks were identified as Haemaphysalis longicornis. Coxiella species-specific nested PCR (N-PCR) and sequencing confirmed the presence of Coxiella burnetii in the patient, and Coxiella-like bacteria were identified in three of the four ticks. IFA results showed ≥ 4-fold increases in both IgM and IgG antibody titers against Q fever.
Conclusions: Despite positive PCR results for Coxiella species in both the patient and the ticks, different bacterial species were isolated, suggesting that the patient was not infected with C. burnetii through tick bites. Further investigation is required to identify the carriers or transmitters of the infection.
Factors associated with all-cause mortality in tuberculosis patients in a Malaysian tertiary hospital
Authors: Wong Chee Kuan , Ng Kee Seong , Choo Sarah Qian Rou , Lee Choon Jiat , Teo Yik Pheng , Liew Su May , Chinna Karuthan , Khoo Ee Ming , Ng Wei Leik , Tok Peter Seah Keng , Kee Yan Shen , Chiang De Min
Published: September 2023

Introduction: The all-cause mortality for tuberculosis is 1 in every 10 patients in Malaysia. The currently available national surveillance database does not record patients’ variables such as socio-economic factors, existing co-morbidities, and risk behavior for investigation. An electronic medical record system can capture this missing information and use it to determine all-cause mortality factors more accurately. Our study aims to determine the factors associated with all-cause mortality in a cohort of tuberculosis patients in a Malaysian tertiary hospital which is equipped with an electronic medical record system.
Methodology: Records of patients diagnosed with tuberculosis from 1st January 2018 to 30th September 2019 were retrieved. Sociodemographic and clinical data were extracted. Treatment outcomes and all-cause mortality were recorded at 1 year after diagnosis. Univariate, multivariate, and stepwise regression were used to determine the factors associated with all-cause mortality.
Results: Four-hundred and seventy-one patients were reviewed. The mean age was 46.6 ± 19.7 years. The all-cause mortality rate at one year of diagnosis was 15.3%. Factors identified were age [aOR 1.026 (95% CI: 1.004-1.049)], chronic kidney disease [aOR 3.269 (1.508-7.088)], HIV positive status [aOR 4.743 (1.505-14.953)], active cancer [aOR 5.758 (1.605-20.652)], liver disease [aOR 6.220 (1.028-37.621)], and moderate to advanced chest X-ray findings [aOR 3.851 (1.033-14.354)].
Conclusions: On average, one in seven patients diagnosed with TB died within a year in a Malaysian tertiary hospital. Identification of this vulnerable group using the associated factors found in this study may help to reduce the risk of mortality through early intervention strategies.
Anthrax toxins-producing Bacillus spp. isolated from handwashing stations during COVID-19 pandemic in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Bamidele Tajudeen A , Odumosu Bamidele T , Adenola Princess T , Ameh James , Kareem Olaide K , Osoba Babatunde , Ezechi Oliver C , Salako Babatunde L
Published: September 2023

Introduction: The virulence binding factor, protective antigen (pag) and poly-D-γ-glutamate capsular (cap) genes, peculiar to Bacillus anthracis are located in the pXO1 and pXO2 plasmids which are transferable horizontally to related species called “cereus group”. The cereus group are usually isolated from the environmental/food samples and have been implicated in debilitating human and animal anthrax-like diseases. This study was designed to investigate the presence of the anthrax virulence genes in different Bacillus spp. isolated from handwashing facilities during COVID-19 pandemic in Lagos, Nigeria.
Methodology: The Bacillus anthracis (OK316847), B. thuringiensis (OK316855), B. amyloliquefaciens (OK316857), B. cereus (OK316858) and B. thuringiensis (OK316859) previously isolated from rinsates and bowl water in two local government areas (LGAs) of Lagos state were further investigated by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the pag and cap genes using specific primers.
Results: Bacillus anthracis and B. cereus co-harboured the two 578 bp cap and 364 bp pag genes while B. thuringiensis only harboured the cap gene. Similarly, the non-cereus B. amyloliquefaciens was found to habour the pag gene.
Conclusions: The two anthrax toxin genes were amplified in the Bacillus spp isolated from rinsates and bowl water used in hand washing in the two study LGAs. Given that these virulence genes have a global consequence and are a potential threat to life, this study calls for an extensive surveillance, and reassessment of gene regulators and plasmid distribution among these strains in our environment.
Application of AI-Helped Image Classification of Fish Images: An iDigBio dataset example
Authors: Altintas Bahadir , Bakış Yasin , Wang Xiojun , Bart Henry
Published: September 2023

Artificial Intelligence (AI) becomes more prevalent in data science as well as in areas of computational science. Commonly used classification methods in AI can also be used for unorganized databases, if a proper model is trained. Most of the classification work is done on image data for purposes such as object detection and face recognition. If an object is well detected from an image, the classification may be done to organize image data. In this work, we try to identify images from an Integrated Digitized Biocollections (iDigBio) dataset and to classify these images to generate metadata to use as an AI-ready dataset in the future. The main problem of the museum image datasets is the lack of metadata information on images, wrong categorization, or poor image quality. By using AI, it maybe possible to overcome these problems. Automatic tools can help find, eliminate or fix these problems. For our example, we trained a model for 10 classes (e.g., complete fish, photograph, notes/labels, X-ray, CT (computerized tomotography) scan, partial fish, fossil, skeleton) by using a manually tagged iDigBio image dataset. After training a model for each for class, we reclassified the dataset by using these trained models. Some of the results are given in Table 1.

As can be seen in the table, even manually classified images can be identified as different classes, and some classes are very similar to each other visually such as CT scans and X-rays or fossils and skeletons. Those kind of similarities are very confusing for the human eye as well as AI results.
Craspedostauros nazmii sp. nov., a new diatom species (Bacillariophyta) from the Turkish Coast of the Black Sea
Authors: Yılmaz Elif , Witkowski Andrzej , Özdelice Neslihan , Solak Cüneyt Nadir , Gastineau Romain , Durmuş Turgay
Published: September 2023

Craspedostauros E.J. Cox is a diatom genus comprising 17 taxa reported from various regions of the world. While many species of Craspedostauros are epibiontic, the taxa have variable ecological preferences. In this study we formally describe Craspedostauros nazmiisp. nov., an epilithic species discovered along the Turkish Black Sea Coast, based on light and scanning electron microscopy. Craspedostauros nazmiisp. nov. is characterized by valves that are lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, slightly constricted near the apices with uniseriate, parallel throughout the whole valve, transapical striae and and the presence of an apical silica flap. The areolae are distributed over the valve face and the mantle. The differences and similarities between C. nazmiisp. nov. and established species of Craspedostauros are discussed. Based on shape and morphometrics, the most similar species is Craspedostauros capensis, but it is easily distinguished from C. nazmiisp. nov. by its lack of an apical silica flap.
Éthiques inclusives en éducation
Authors: Strouhal Martin
Published: September 2023

L’éducation et la formation consistent, dans les premiers stades du développement humain, mais aussi plus tard, à imiter, à répéter la même chose, à copier le modèle. Mais nous savons que cette imitation ne se suffit pas à elle-même. En ce sens, pour une véritable éducation, et non un simple dressage ou endoctrinement, il est nécessaire que l’enfant voie que le sens de cette imitation se situe en dehors du modèle qui est présenté pour être imité. À partir du moment où l’on a cette intuition, le principe d’imitation du modèle se transforme, ou plutôt il cède la place au principe de médiation de quelque chose que le modèle lui-même n’est pas, mais auquel – en tant que symbole – il se réfère. Il n’est alors pas nécessaire d’imiter le modèle, mais de l’utiliser comme un moyen de suivre ce que le modèle lui-même suit. On ne peut parler de créativité, de criticité et de formation de l’autonomie que si l’imitation devient à terme la médiation de ce qui ne peut être imité mais doit être développé. Pour l’idéal inclusif, la conclusion est que la réalisation des pratiques inclusives doit être orientée vers un idéal qui ne fait pas partie de ces pratiques mais qui est l’horizon de la possibilité de leur amélioration continue.
Health Care Providers Working Cross-Culturally: Pitfalls, Pearls, and Preparation Resources for Culture Shock
Authors: St Clair Nicole E. , Sharahil Najla Ba , Umphrey Lisa , Merry Stephen , Koueik Jack , Beshish Arij , Acheampong Benjamin , Kloster Heidi , Conway James H.
Published: September 2023

Health care providers engaging in cross-cultural work will likely experience culture shock, a psychological, behavioral, and physiologic response to new cultural environments that can significantly affect travelers. Culture shock has the potential for both negative and positive outcomes. Well-being, health, and professionalism can be negatively influenced during the peak of culture shock, but the experience may also positively promote transformative learning and professional identity formation. Culture shock has been carefully researched for different types of sojourners, such as undergraduate students and business personnel, but minimally for health care providers. This article defines culture shock, describes different health care–related cross-cultural opportunities, identifies factors contributing to culture shock, describes complexities related to measuring culture shock, depicts common cross-cultural challenges encountered by traveling health care providers, and offers tangible guidance to help prepare for culture shock. We conclude with a call for further research and resource development to support the well-being of an increasingly global health care workforce.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2023;52(9):e335–e343.]
SDS-Net: A lightweight 3D convolutional neural network with multi-branch attention for multimodal brain tumor accurate segmentation
Authors: Wu Qian , Pei Yuyao , Cheng Zihao , Hu Xiaopeng , Wang Changqing
Published: September 2023

The accurate and fast segmentation method of tumor regions in brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is significant for clinical diagnosis, treatment and monitoring, given the aggressive and high mortality rate of brain tumors. However, due to the limitation of computational complexity, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) face challenges in being efficiently deployed on resource-limited devices, which restricts their popularity in practical medical applications. To address this issue, we propose a lightweight and efficient 3D convolutional neural network SDS-Net for multimodal brain tumor MRI image segmentation. SDS-Net combines depthwise separable convolution and traditional convolution to construct the 3D lightweight backbone blocks, lightweight feature extraction (LFE) and lightweight feature fusion (LFF) modules, which effectively utilizes the rich local features in multimodal images and enhances the segmentation performance of sub-tumor regions. In addition, 3D shuffle attention (SA) and 3D self-ensemble (SE) modules are incorporated into the encoder and decoder of the network. The SA helps to capture high-quality spatial and channel features from the modalities, and the SE acquires more refined edge features by gathering information from each layer. The proposed SDS-Net was validated on the BRATS datasets. The Dice coefficients were achieved 92.7, 80.0 and 88.9% for whole tumor (WT), enhancing tumor (ET) and tumor core (TC), respectively, on the BRTAS 2020 dataset. On the BRTAS 2021 dataset, the Dice coefficients were 91.8, 82.5 and 86.8% for WT, ET and TC, respectively. Compared with other state-of-the-art methods, SDS-Net achieved superior segmentation performance with fewer parameters and less computational cost, under the condition of 2.52 M counts and 68.18 G FLOPs.
Buckwheat Breeding and Seed Production in Poland
Authors: Kwiatkowski Jacek
Published: September 2023

The history of buckwheat breeding in Poland is almost 80 years old. “Hruszowska” was the first breeding variety, which was in 1956 entered to The Polish National List of Agricultural Plant Varieties (NLI). In the history of buckwheat breeding programs in Poland, 10 varieties have been registered so far. Additionally, 3 breeding lines have been entered into official tests without a decision on entry to the NLI. During the planned economy period in Poland (until 1989), despite the limited number of varieties, the scale of production of certified buckwheat seeds practically covered the entire demand for sowing material. Currently, the small scale of buckwheat cultivation in Poland, and above all, the lack of buckwheat on the EU list of plant species varieties which are subject to national listing and which seed material may be produced, assessed, and controlled limit the scope of breeding work on buckwheat and make it difficult to obtain profitable seed trade.
Effects of Rutin and Selenomethionine in Selenium-Enriched Tartary Buckwheat Roasted Grain Tea on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in db/db Mice
Authors: Niu QianWen , Dong Rui , Li JunJun , Peng Pai , Messia Maria Cristina , Hu XinZhong
Published: September 2023

Rutin and selenomethionine in selenium-enriched Tartary buckwheat roasted grain tea have certain effects on glucose and lipid metabolism in type II diabetes mellitus, but the mechanism of intervention is still unclear. This study utilized selenium-enriched Tartary buckwheat tea, rutin, and selenomethionine as research materials, with db/db mice serving as the research subjects. Diabetes control (DC), positive control group (PC), rutin group (RC), selenomethionine group (SC), low dose selenium-enriched Tartary buckwheat tea group (TBG-L), medium dose group (TBG-M) and high dose group (TBG-H) were set up. The effects of selenium enriched Tartary buckwheat tea, rutin and selenomethionine on glucose and lipid metabolism in db/db mice were investigated by blood biochemical analysis, liver function and oxidative stress measurement, histopathology and glycogen determination and mRNA expression analysis. Selenium-enriched Tartary buckwheat tea and its active ingredients rutin and selenomethionine can reduce fasting blood glucose and glucose resistance in db/db mice. Dyslipidemia of db/db mice was improved to some extent. The changes of MDA, CAT, T-SOD and GSH-Px enzyme activities in liver also indicate that TBG can improve the oxidative stress of liver and exert liver protection activities. Selenium-enriched Tartary buckwheat tea, rutin and selenomethionine can mediate glycogen storage by increasing glycogen synthesis and inhibiting gluconeogenesis in the liver of diabetic db/db mice, and can effectively mediate the expression of related genes during gluconeogenesis. Among the selenium-enriched Tartary buckwheat groups, the effect of TBG-H group was the most obvious, which indirectly indicated that rutin and selenomethionine could play synergistic roles in gluconogenesis.
Astérix chez Dumézil : une interprétation trifonctionnelle de l’univers goscinnyen
Authors: Corbellari Alain
Published: September 2023

Dans un numéro du magazine Lire consacré au grand comparatiste Georges Dumézil, le médiéviste Joël Grisward proposait une lecture en clé trifonctionnelle de deux séries pour enfants : Les Quatre As de Chaulet et Craenhals et Le Petit Nicolas de Sempé et Goscinny. Curieusement, aucune allusion n’était faite à Astérix, alors même que la distribution des personnages dans la série correspond parfaitement à la définition dumézilienne des « équipes trifonctionnelles » qui structurent les plus anciennes épopées indo-européennes. Soit Goscinny connaissait les travaux de Dumézil, soit il ne les connaissait pas, mais le fait que les aventures d’Astérix s’ancrent dans une société indo-européenne « primitive » lui a fait retrouver naturellement la structure immémoriale qui les sous-tend, ou alors cette ressemblance est due au hasard. Cette contribution entend explorer la lecture trifonctionnelle d’Astérix et examiner tour à tour ces trois pistes interprétatives.
Les citations latines dans Astérix
Authors: Gallego Julie
Published: September 2023

Astérix est une série polyphonique. Un de ses éléments les plus marquants réside dans l’intégration de citations qui émaillent le texte, qu’il s’agisse de latin de cuisine ou de latin littéraire grâce aux « pages roses » du dictionnaire Larousse. Ces citations peuvent être fidèles mais le plus souvent elles sont comiquement transformées. Comme le français est la langue « maternelle » de la série, le latin devient un élément folklorique, qui se démarque dans le discours. Étudier ces « voix de l’implicite » amène à se poser la question de leur présence, de leur position et de leur choix, celle aussi de l’adéquation du dessin avec le texte et les sous-entendus culturels qu’il véhicule. Cette contribution s’intéresse en priorité à la figure de César, c’est-à-dire à César lui-même (à ses « vraies » citations) et à tous ceux qui se piquent de devenir calife à la place du calife et qui usent de ses bons mots historiques au grand dam du personnage de papier.
Traduire Astérix : atouts et contraintes
Authors: Sinagra Nathalie
Published: September 2023

Une analyse de la traduction d’Astérix doit tenir compte de la présence des codes visuel et graphique, indissociables et complémentaires. Le discours, pour être correctement interprété, doit être mis en relation avec les signes non-verbaux qui l’entourent. En traduction, le dessin peut être un atout, en aidant à la compréhension de l’histoire, d’un jeu de mots, etc. Mais le rapport de complicité entre texte et image peut aussi devenir une contrainte, de sorte que faire l’impasse sur ce lien peut provoquer une rupture dans l’enchaînement narratif, surtout si la réalité socio-culturelle dans laquelle s’insère le texte de départ ne se retrouve pas dans la culture d’arrivée. Il en va ainsi dans Le Tour de Gaule, où deux pages renvoient le lecteur averti à la trilogie de Pagnol. Le traducteur doit alors permettre au lecteur étranger de percevoir cette référence tout en conservant l’humour de la scène. Il doit jouer pleinement son rôle de médiateur.
La terminologie au service de la caractérisation des pratiques funéraires : le thésaurus Pactols
Authors: Nouvel Blandine , Bérard Reine-Marie , Bouvard Emma , Gaultier Matthieu , Granier Gaëlle , Lattard Alexia , Schmitt Aurore , Tchérémissinoff Yaramila
Published: September 2023

La réorganisation du thésaurus Pactols vise en particulier à mettre à jour les catégories et le lexique suivant les découvertes et méthodes récentes de l'archéologie. Des anthropologues et archéologues des pratiques funéraires et mortuaires ont conduit, entre 2019 et 2021, la révision des 140 concepts du domaine « Mort ». Deux démarches itératives ont été adoptées. L'une précise le sens du concept, son intitulé, sa définition, ses formes rejetées. L'autre repositionne le concept dans de nouvelles branches (constructions, mobiliers, pratiques funéraires) avec ses termes dépendants et associés. Au-delà de la mise à jour du thésaurus lui-même, cette révision a permis une discussion essentielle des notions relatives aux pratiques funéraires et à leur confrontation dans des échelles spatio-temporelles et des contextes archéologiques différents. Cet article présente, par des exemples choisis, comment la démarche adoptée contribue à une meilleure caractérisation des pratiques funéraires de l'Antiquité tardive.
Les crémations de l’Antiquité tardive (270-450 de n. è.) dans la cité des Tongres (Germanie seconde) : entre continuités et nouveaux apports
Authors: Hanut Frédéric , Destexhe Guy , Laforest Caroline , Polet Caroline , Goffette Quentin
Published: September 2023

Même si l’inhumation devient la pratique majoritaire au ive s. dans le territoire des Tongres, certains auteurs ont insisté sur la persistance de la pratique de la crémation dans les cimetières de cette cité durant l’Antiquité tardive. Il est évident que le passage complet de la crémation à l’inhumation s’opère ici à une date beaucoup plus tardive qu’ailleurs dans l’Empire. Cette étude met en évidence deux phases pour ces crémations du Bas-Empire. La première (270-350 d. n. è.) montre que les crémations des débuts de l’Antiquité tardive s’inscrivent dans une continuité avec celles de la fin du Haut-Empire alors qu’en même temps, au cours de la première moitié du ive s., une part de plus en plus réduite de la population civile continue à brûler ses morts. Après le milieu du ive s., à la phase 2 (350-450 d. n. è.), de nouvelles tombes à crémation font leur apparition. Elles sont souvent liées à l’occupation de fortifications de hauteur (Éprave, Furfooz, Vireux-Molhain, etc.) ou aux zones funéraires autours de la ville de Tongres. Ces tombes traduisent l’arrivée de nouveaux groupes humains dans les campagnes. On les identifie habituellement à des populations de Fédérés germaniques nouvellement intégrés dans l’Empire.
Late Roman tombs at Sanxo Llop (Gandia, Valencia): exogamy and kinship in a particular funerary structure
Authors: Oteo-García Gonzalo , Alapont Martín Llorenç , Beneyto Josep Pascual , Foody M. G. B. , Yau Bobby , Pala Maria , Edwards Ceiridwen , Richards Martin
Published: September 2023

We studied human remains from a Visigothic era Necropolis in Gandia. The necropolis is dated by radiocarbon to the 7th-8th century CE.The excavation revealed a handful of single and multiple inhumations with high typological diversity. A double inhumation stood out since it was a silo re-used with funerary purpose. The pit contained an adult male individual, and a female subadult in non-canonical positions.We successfully obtained DNA from the two individuals and identified their genetic sexes. We then classified the full reconstructed mitochondrial lineages of the adult and subadult as HV34 and H2a1e1a.The kinship analysis indicated first degree kinship relationship, signaling a sibling or parent-offspring case. By combining the information, we confirmed the male as the father of the female individual. They did not suffer from any visible injury that could have led to their deaths. Nevertheless, they died within little time of each other for unknown reasons and were buried together at the same time due to their familial ties.
Justinian plague mass grave found in Valentia’s episcopal cemetery
Authors: Ribera Albert , Alapont Martín Llorenç
Published: September 2023

We present the anthropological and archaeological study of an unusual multiple burial from the Episcopal necropolis of Valentia. Stratigraphic and taphonomic studies indicate it was located in the first phase of this large and privileged necropolis, very close to the site of Saint Vincent’s martyrdom. The remains of fifteen people were found, of which four were children. Of these, one is suspected to have died as a result of the bubonic plague. The timeframe has been established by archaeological sequence and radiocarbon analysis. Based on this, we relate this death to the Justinian Plague that began in 541 C.E. and continued until 750 C.E. This plague, the first historically documented pandemic caused by Yersinia Pestis, affected the Roman Empire, the Mediterranean, and other surrounding areas.
Regards croisés sur une pratique funéraire marginale à Reims aux iiie-ive s. de n. è. : études archéo-anthropologique, isotopique et paléogénomique
Authors: Cavé Magalie , Herrscher Estelle , Mathelart Pierre , Mendisco Fanny , Pruvost Melanie , Rollet Philippe , Thiol Sandrine
Published: September 2023

Reims, capitale de la province de Gaule Belgique, est délimitée par un large fossé aux abords duquel, des découvertes anciennes mentionnent plusieurs nécropoles. Ces nécropoles sont fréquentées même lorsque les contours de la ville se rétractent derrière une enceinte plus réduite à la fin du iiie – début du ive s. de n. è. Parallèlement, la découverte d’une soixantaine de tombes dispersées entre ces deux enceintes, dans des contextes du Bas-Empire où le démantèlement et la récupération de matériaux sont intenses questionne l’apparition de cette pratique marginale. Est-elle en lien avec le statut des défunts, des travailleurs venus participer à l’édification de l’enceinte tardo-antique ?Afin de nourrir notre problématique, les résultats purement anthropologiques ont été croisés avec ceux des analyses biomoléculaires (isotopiques et génomiques). L’approche isotopique a révélé globalement des différences de comportements alimentaires entre les deux groupes funéraires, avec une diversité alimentaire plus importante pour les défunts inhumés en tombes dispersées, qui pourrait être liée à leur origine géographique attestée par l’analyse génétique. L’origine autochtone de certains sujets et l’ancienneté de cette pratique funéraire originale mise en évidence par une modélisation chronologique démontrent que l’origine exogène des sujets ne serait peut-être pas le seul facteur explicatif.
Burying on roman ruins: the late-roman necropolis of Priverno, Italy
Authors: Miguelez Ana , Caserta Elodie , Alfonso Joaquim , Colaiacomo Federica , Alapont Martín Llorenç , Cancellieri Margherita
Published: September 2023

The excavation of one of the late ancient necropolises found in the roman city of Privernum, carried out during 2019, has provided interesting data on the cultural change that occurred as a result of the development of Christianity in the roman empire and especially since the fall of Rome, during the 5-7th centuries CE. This religious and cultural change implies simultaneous changes at all levels: social, urban and economic, evidently also affecting beliefs and therefore the funeral ritual.
La question de l’occupation des tombes sur le « temps long » à partir de l’exemple des nécropoles de Tell Keila (Territoires Palestiniens)
Authors: Blétry Sylvie
Published: September 2023

Plusieurs tombes ont été dégagées et relevées sur le site de Tell Keila à la marge des Hautes Terres de Judée et de la plaine côtière de la Shéphélah, dans une zone de contacts et d’influences culturelles et religieuses multiples (cananéens, philistins polythéistes, judéens, juifs puis chrétiens), du Bronze moyen à l’Antiquité tardive. Ces tombes ont été occupées pendant plusieurs siècles, voire un millénaire, entre l’âge du Fer et l’Antiquité tardive. Le fait qu’aucune tombe ne porte de signe religieux ni d’inscription soulève des questions en matière d’identité et d’ethnicité.Cette contribution se propose d’appréhender ces données en s’affranchissant des nombreux préjugés présents dans la littérature scientifique, qu’ils soient définis à travers des conventions typologiques ou des stéréotypes historiques. Elle s’interroge aussi sur la signification et les implications de cette utilisation funéraire de ces aménagements sur le temps long.
Consciousness and liability of non-human intelligence
Authors: Marcos Henrique Jerônimo Bezerra
Published: September 2023

The legal liability of non-human intelligence is a complicated matter that has concerned philosophers for a long time. Nevertheless, with the current advances in research and technology, the problem grows ever closer. This paper analyzes the legal desirability of assorting legal liability to a non-human intelligence. It argues that the question of the liability of such agents is defined, primarily, through the meeting of psychosomatic conditionals. Moreover, it poses that these conditionals are, partially, determined by consciousness. It concludes that to define whether legal liability is desirable or not one must set standards for non-human consciousness and, depending on the level of consciousness of that non-human intelligence, judge if the agent should be legally liable or not.
constitutionalism “of” the Global South? Epistemological reflections on emerging constitutional trends
Authors: Melo Milena Petters , Rafael Buckhart Thiago
Published: September 2023

Taking into consideration the recent studies on the “constitutionalism of the global south”, the aim of this article is to critically analyze the applicability of the mentioned concept, highlighting the potentialities and inadequacies of its theoretical construction. The hypothesis states that notwithstanding the relative frailties on the concept of “global south”, it is possible to conceive the emergency of a “constitutionalism of the global south”, grounded on singular innovative experiences of several “southern” countries, which are relevant contributions for the common heritage of democratic constitutionalism. The article, an outcome of researches carried out between Brazil and Italy, with the use of hypothetical-deductive method, is methodologically grounded in the field of constitutional theory, with some elements of comparative constitutional law, and is divided in three topics: I. Defining constitutionalism: concept and evolutions; II. Constitutionalism, the global north and the south; III. Constitutionalism of the global south: a critical analysis. As results, the hypothesis has been partially confirmed, as it has been evidenced the inadequacy of the concept “constitutionalism of the global south”, for its vagueness and ambiguous delimitation. Therefore, it would be more appropriate to comprehend the constitutionalism of the global south as a “constitutionalism from the global south”, as an attempt to emphasize the diversity on global south constitutionalisms and, through this, increase the analytical perspective of contemporary constitutionalism complexity. Thus, in a “multicentered approach”, constitutional theory fits a more adequate position to analyze constitutional innovations, considering that center and periphery are conditional concepts, especially when referring to contemporary constitutionalism.
Educação das Relações Étnico-Raciais e Enfrentamento do Racismo no Judiciário: para além da ação punitiva?
Authors: Santos Sales Augusto dos
Published: September 2023

Neste artigo levantamos a hipótese de trabalho de que há instrumentos, como a Resolução CNE/CP 01/2004, para se evitar que juízes/as profiram sentenças fundamentadas em critérios raciais e/ou que contenham expressões, afirmações, etc., que possibilitem tal inferência, como, por exemplo, o réu "não possui estereótipo padrão de bandido, possui pele, olhos e cabelos claros" ou o réu é “seguramente integrante do grupo criminoso, em razão da sua raça...”. Mediante pesquisas de levantamento (survey), em 69 universidades federais, e documental (nos programas de disciplinas), em alguns cursos de Direito, constata-se que essa Resolução, que determinou o ensino da Educação das Relações Étnico-Raciais nos cursos de graduação das universidades não está sendo executada plena e adequadamente nessas instituições, fato que pode possibilitar a continuidade do aparecimento de sentenças judiciais com teor igual ou semelhante aos das partes das sentenças supracitadas. Para prevenir tal problema, sugere-se o cumprimento pleno da Resolução CNE/CP 01/2004.
Entre Dworkin e Ferrajoli: uma distinta compreensão acerca dos princ´ipios enquanto normas de direitos fundamentais
Authors: Soares Filho Sidney , Ibiapina Cunha Morais José Victor , Aragão Mesquita Xerez Caio
Published: September 2023

O presente trabalho propõe-se a responder o seguinte problema de pesquisa: quais as principais divergências entre Dworkin e Ferrajoli acerca da compreensão dos princípios enquanto normas de direitos fundamentais? Tem como objetivos específicos: evidenciar a relevância das discussões teóricas para a pesquisa jurídica; compreender como a teoria de Ronald Dworkin aborda a compreensão dos princípios enquanto normas de direito constitucional; compreender como a teoria de Luigi Ferrajoli aborda a compreensão dos princípios enquanto normas de direito constitucional; identificar as principais divergências entre as teorias no tocante à aplicação e compreensão dos princípios constitucionais. A abordagem metodológica é qualitativa, de natureza exploratória e bibliográfica para o desenvolvimento teórico dos modelos teóricos estabelecidos por Dworkin e Ferrajoli no que tange a aplicação dos princípios. Conclui-se que ambos os modelos teóricos representam dois padrões operacionais de aplicação de direitos fundamentais. Ocorre que, os direitos fundamentais enquanto princípios possuiriam elementos axiológicos que aproximam o direito da moral. Isto ocorre em razão da ideia de Dworkin de que os avanços jurídicos dependem de uma adoção de valores. Contudo, esta aproximação de direito e moral materializa as reservas de Ferrajoli sobre a colonização de um sobre o outro. Logo, o plano de fundo das discussões ainda está centrado na separação do direito e da moral.
Maintaining Cybersecurity Awareness in Large-Scale Organizations
Authors: Aslan Muhammed , Pusatli Tolga
Published: September 2023

Research was conducted to increase the awareness of employees with regard to cyber security to fill the gap in the literature where few studies on how effective the measures implemented in organizations were reported. This research uses the outcome of the phishing drills that a public institution applied to its personnel, participation of said personnel in awareness training, and the reading statistics of regularly published information security bulletins. This has been beneficial in determining the methods to increase the cyber security awareness of personnel in organizations with 1,000 or more personnel; users were considered as a whole, and not individually evaluated. Findings report that organizations can increase users' cybersecurity awareness by systematically conducting phishing exercises, providing awareness training, and regularly publishing information security bulletins. The awareness of reading bulletins rapidly increased after phishing exercises and training and decreased in the following months; however, an increase was observed in the long term.
Network Security Breaches
Authors: Bansal Yash , Mahajan Shilpa
Published: September 2023

Threats on communication networks are proliferating. It is surprising that more than half of Indian organizations have experienced a breach in 2022. These breaches can occur due to various reasons, such as human error, software vulnerabilities, or malicious attacks. Tech executives frequently commit the sin of being unready for network data breaches despite the early indications. The consequences of a network security breach can be severe, including financial losses, damage to reputation, and loss of sensitive data. The punitive damages are severe, and it is easier to lose and much harder to restore the faith of customers. This chapter gives an overview on the evolution of network architecture, the grounds behind data leaks and violations. It also discusses the best approaches to counter the threats, governance structure and emerging developments in network security. This chapter also gives you the analysis on the methodologies adopted for network forensics and explores the viewpoint on where network forensics could be applied.
An Exploratory Research Analysis of Four Cyber Security Trends in Mobile Technology Using the ISO 270K Framework
Authors: Lewis Eugene J. , Baez Maria D.
Published: September 2023

This chapter conducts an exploratory analysis of four major cyber security trends within mobile technology, utilizing the ISO 27001 framework as a guiding principle. First, this research investigates mobile devices' growing prevalence and associated security implications, highlighting the necessity of implementing robust security protocols. The text scrutinizes the developing hazard environment and underscores the increasing complexity of cyber assaults aimed at mobile devices. Second, the study highlights the significance of user education and awareness in augmenting mobile security, acknowledging the role of human factors as significant contributors to security breaches. Finally, the research investigates the dynamic nature of regulatory frameworks and the imperative for enterprises to synchronize their security protocols with the stipulated compliance standards.
War Crimes
Authors: McGrath Grace E.
Published: September 2023

It is essential to understand the nature of war crimes to ensure that those responsible for their commission are held accountable. War crimes violate international law, and those who commit them should be brought to justice. Understanding the nature of war crimes is of critical importance for several reasons. War crimes can cause physical and psychological harm to civilians, lead to increased tension between nations, and result in those responsible for their commission being held accountable. As such, it is essential to understand the nature of war crimes to prevent them from occurring in the first place and to ensure that those responsible for their commission are held accountable for their actions. This chapter explores the complexity of addressing war crimes as a complex global issue by exploring the literature intending to educate others and encourage discourse focused on global community change.
Marketing and Consumer Behavior
Authors: Lewis Eugene J.
Published: September 2023

The qualitative study utilizes a meta-analysis framework in a literature review of marketing and consumer behavior evaluation. The theoretical framework and lens of social exchange theory provided the conceptual correlation of the “Golden Girls Era” which was a beloved television sitcom that aired from 1985 to 1992. The show revolved around the lives of four older women who share a house in Miami. Each character possesses a unique personality and background, leading to a delightful blend of humor, friendship, and life lessons. However, today, many women hold the a “New Golden Girls” perspective that they do not need men for a variety of reasons that reflect societal shifts and changing perspectives on gender roles. More American women are single than ever before at a record-breaking 57%. One significant factor is the progress made in gender equality, which has empowered women to pursue education, careers, and personal aspirations independently.
The Impact of 3 J Laser Pulse Energy to Enhance the Fatigue Lifespan of AA2024-T351 Induced via LSP
Authors: Larson Enoch Asuako , Azeko Salifu Tahiru , Akowuah Eric , Ansah Prince Owusu , Adu-Gyamfi Samuel , Milku Augustine Kwame , Kukurah Jamal-Deen , Yamba Philip , Mensah Jacob Kofi , Akayeti Anthony
Published: September 2023

Laser shock peening is a new method employed to increase the fatigue life of metals by inducing in-depth Compressive Residual Stress to about 1 mm. This helps prevent superficial failures, stress corrosion cracking and elongate the fatigue life and this has provided varying applications in the aviation industry. This study investigates the effect of pulse energy on fatigue lifespan of AA 2024-T351 and the results validated by the finite element method. When compared with the as-received specimen, the result confirms that LSP can significantly produce higher residual compressive stress, and elongate fatigue life of alloys marginally at the superficial layer while decreasing in-depth. The FE analysis of the laser peened specimen produced a good correlation with the experimental work. The fracture morphologies also show visible signs of fatigue striations in the micro-scale. The layout between each striation space is large for the as-received specimen, demonstrating a rapid fatigue growth rate whereas relatively small in the LSP-treated specimen indicating a stable fatigue growth.
The Derived Modification of the Exponentiated Weighted Weibull Distribution
Authors: Muddey Donne Komla , Sarpong Solomon , Katara Salifu , Tulasi Vincent
Published: September 2023

Statistically, to retain the originality of data, appropriate probability distribution must be employed rather than transforming the existing dataset. Classical Distributions (CD) lack the ability to model and describe some important real-life events. In this study, weighted Weibull distribution (WWD) is modified using Exponentiated Weighted Weibull distribution (EWWD). The shapes of the probability density function and hazard rate functions are investigated together with some structural statistical properties of the distribution. The performances of the maximum likelihood estimation of the unknown parameters of the distribution were done by implementing the Monte Carlo simulation method. We provide applications to two datasets to prove the flexibility of the model. The processes were performed using R-software. The EWWD is considered to be more tractable and capable than the WWD. The Exponentiated weighted Weibull distribution assumes a superior performance among the compared distributions as evidenced by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistics and Akaike Information Criteria values.
Antioxidant and Anticancer Potential of Natural Cocoa Extract
Authors: Ayembilla Jacob Apibilla , Otu Phyllis Naa Yarley , Dotse Eunice A. , Aning Abigail , Ofori Emmanuel Kweku , Appiah-Opong Regina , Asare-Annane Henry
Published: September 2023

The aim of this study was to investigate antioxidant and anticancer potentials of natural cocoa extracts. Antioxidant properties of the extracts were evaluated by DPPH assay, total phenolic content by Folin-Ciocalteau and reduced glutathione content by O-phthalaldehyde assays. Antiproliferative activity was also evaluated on leukaemia and prostate cancer cell lines using MTT assay. The hydroethanolic extracts of cocoa roots and beans and aqueous cocoa leaves showed high total antioxidant activities with the root extract having the strongest scavenging effect on DPPH and the highest total phenolics content. The hydroethanolic cocoa bean crude extract showed the highest anticancer activity against LNCaP cells, whiles the ethyl acetate fraction of hydroethanolic cocoa leaf exhibited the highest anticancer against PC3. Jurkat and PC3 cells had similar susceptibilities to the natural cocoa extracts. Thus, cocoa has antioxidant and anticancer activity, and the specific bioactive compounds responsible for these activities need to be elucidated in future research.
Artificial Intelligence's Contribution to English Language Teaching
Authors: Marlowe Zoe
Published: September 2023

When the trendsetting ‘buzz word' in technology came forth in recent years, some educators became a little wary of the term “artificial intelligence.” Why is that? Perhaps the idea that something existing other than the human brain to make calculated decisions regarding the creation of exams, or the ability to plan a lesson without hours of research seemed too ‘foreign' or ‘unnatural' to them. However, for some, the realization of yet another branch of technology to assist practitioners in the ever-evolving pedagogical fields seems quite natural as well as massively time-saving. This chapter will attempt to lightheartedly decipher a few points of artificial intelligence and its implications for greatly improving the future of teaching and learning, plus a few wise words of caution… both for the teacher and the learner.
Machine Translation Use in Language Learning
Authors: Üstünbaş Ümran
Published: September 2023

In recent years, there has been an increasing development in promoting newer ways to integrate artificial intelligence (AI) into various digital tools, applications, and platforms. On the other hand, machine translation (MT), which is processed through AI, has already been in use for translation purposes for about three decades. Additionally, it has been a software frequently resorted for language learning purposes through free online platforms. The association between MT use and language learning tends to bring about several related issues such as ethical concerns. Diving into depths of these issues, this chapter presents a literature review on the key concepts related to MT use in language learning, which is supported by research findings and implications.
Exploring the Potential of Chatbots and ChatGPT in Enhancing Vocabulary Knowledge
Authors: Yildiz Mustafa
Published: September 2023

This chapter presents an in-depth analysis of chatbots and the integration of ChatGPT into vocabulary acquisition. The chapter begins with an introduction to artificial intelligence (AI) and continues with a definition of chatbots to highlight their role as computer programs designed to mimic human interaction. It subsequently focuses on the use of chatbots in language education. The potential benefits associated with the integration of chatbots into language learning environments are further explored. However, special attention is dedicated to the use of chatbots in vocabulary teaching, which is a fundamental aspect of language acquisition. The chapter also explores the use of ChatGPT, an AI-powered language model, particularly in the context of teaching vocabulary. The chapter ends with highlighting how ChatGPT can help learners master word form, meaning and usage, based on Nation's multidimensional aspects of vocabulary knowledge.
Breaking Down Barriers With Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Authors: Karakas Ali
Published: September 2023

Cross-cultural communication has gained significance in recent years as a result of the ubiquitous effects of globalization on interpersonal interactions. Face-to-face language encounters, however, might not always be convenient or possible. Artificial intelligence (AI) technology provides a solution to this issue by facilitating language exchanges and fostering intercultural dialogue. In this chapter, the use of AI technology in language learning, especially for cross-cultural communication, is explored by mentioning the benefits of AI technology in language instruction, such as the provision of individualized feedback and interaction with both native and non-native speakers of the target languages. Additionally, the chapter addresses possible issues posed by the AI technology, including cultural prejudices and solutions for them. Finally, case studies of productive AI-facilitated language exchange platforms are provided, along with various AI-powered solutions that might improve learners' cross-cultural competence.
Interactive Virtual Consultation and Disease Diagnosis Using Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Kanjalkar Jyoti P. , Tekade Om , Thakare Prathamesh , Wankhade Abhishek Gajanan , Wankhade Purva , Kanjalkar Pramod
Published: September 2023

Businesses that provide care remotely are far from the scope of virtual care. It offers a delivery channel for particular patient populations with applications that do not need in-person examinations or presence, even though it cannot be assumed to be the solution to all health-related questions. According to the scoping reviews, virtual care includes a significant information generation method called disease diagnosis, considered as the very first step towards treating the illness. Along with video conferencing technologies for consulting the doctors to achieve care supervision. Application of rehabilitation, remote consultation, and emergency services are efficient ways to use in attention to achieve well-being. Machine learning is one such way to achieve disease diagnosis based on information provided by the user with a high accuracy using various approaches. In this chapter, a novel approach of random forest approach with modifications is used.