bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oral Bioavailability of Curcumin Enhanced Using Different Surfactant for Preparing Proniosomal Gel
Authors: Vashist Shweta , Sharma Sujata , Kumari Jyoti , Gadewar Manoj , Arora Sahil
Published: April 2023

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to enhance the oral bioavailability of curcumin using different surfactant and vehicle for preparing proniosomal gel. Methods: Curcumin comes under BCS Class IV which is having low solubility and low permeability and poor bioavailability. Buccal drug delivery can bypass such problems and leads to increase in bioavailability. Proniosomes offer excellent potential for improved drug delivery through versatile routes, by overcome the permeation barriers. Trial batches of proniosomal gel are prepared by coacervation phase separation method using different concentration of surfactant (Span 20, Span 40, Span 60, and Span 80) with cholesterol, soyalecithin, and vehicles such as 0.1% glycerol solution or pH 6.8. The formulated systems were characterized to find out the effects of surfactant on vesicle size, % entrapment efficiency, and % drug release and permeation at 6 h. Stability studies for proniosomal gel were carried out for 4 weeks. Results and Conclusion: It suggested that formulation (F2) containing Span 20 and phosphate buffer pH 6.8 has high entrapment efficiency, drug release, and permeation as compare to the other formulations and it can enhance the delivery of curcumin through oral route and can improve the bioavailability of drug.
Using Artificial Intelligence for Plant Disease Classification Based on Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Bharanidharan R. , Nithya M. , Kavitha A. , Kumar B. Senthil
Published: April 2023

The plant disease prediction is useful in increasing agricultural production. The plant disease diagnosis through deep learning is a branch of artificial intelligence (AI). It is very important to diagnose plant diseases to improve productivity in agriculture. The plant leaf disease analysis provides us a problem of plant leaf lowest accuracy. The plant for identifying plant disease is to prevent the yield loss of agricultural products. We have proposed a model to validate the data set of the various plants through image processing. The AI-based plant disease detection is very important for sustainable agricultural development. The diseased plant needs to be monitored manually. It requires a lot of work and too much expertise is needed to cope with the plant’s disease in time. The proposed system Convolution Neural Network image processing is to predict the tomato plant diseases. Preprocessing is done in plant leaf image dataset image using Gaussian filter, and then data cleaning, data reduction, and classification are done in disease detection. This describes a method for predicting the disease of plants using the image of their leaves. Further, the algorithm used for the detection of plant diseases and final result of classification in plant disease prediction is described. This demonstrates the technical feasibility of CNN for plant disease classification and provides the accurate result for AI solutions.
Metallic Nanoparticles as Antimicrobials and Radiosensitizers: A Review
Authors: Sharma Sujata , Sharma Shagun , Vashist Shweta , Kaur Gurveen , Arora Saahil , Suchet Suchet
Published: April 2023

Nanoparticles have shown unique physical and chemical properties that have opened new era for chemotherapy, cancer therapy, and radiotherapy. As an improved technology for targeting tumors, it is suggested that nanoparticles can become clinically useful for radio sensitization and as an antimicrobials can be utilized in topical formulations such as ointments, gels, and creams. There are different types of nanoparticles involved in the treatment of cancer radiotherapy and tumor selective radiosensitizer which have been classified into different groups. One of the widest applications of nanoparticles is assigned to noble metal nanoparticles (MNPs) or metal-based radiosensitizers. MNPs are the entities of pure metals smaller than the scale of microns, that is, between 1 and 100 nm in size. These include gold, silver, zinc, platinum, iron, gadolinium, cerium, titanium, tantalum, Bismuth, Hafnium, and copper and their oxides, sulfides, phosphates, and chlorides. MNPs due to their unique physical and chemical characteristics such as large surface energy, larger surface-area-to-volume ratio, quantum confinement, and plasmon excitation have emerged as a powerful tool for bioimaging and diagnostic of cancer and other clinical applications. Therefore, this paper discusses the wider applications of metal-based nanoparticles in enhancing radiosensitivity in debt. Improving mechanistic approach and understanding in nanoparticles, the outcome of this study will be of enormous benefit in radiotherapy.
Usefulness of Gastropanel for Validation of Efficacy of Drugs from Traditional Systems of Medicine in Functional Dyspepsia
Authors: Hendre Sharada , Gupte Poonam , Bhalerao Supriya , Mahajan Madhavi , Kolatkar Ajit S.
Published: April 2023

Gastropanel, serological ELISA test comprising of stomach biomarkers; serum pepsinogen I, pepsinogen II, gastrin-17, and Helicobacter pylori antibody depicts clearly the morphological and functional status of stomach mucosa in patients suffering from dyspepsia. Although the traditional system of medicine is a huge resource of efficient formulations useful in gastrointestinal disorders such as functional dyspepsia, lack of robust scientific evidence, and qualitative/subjective parameters like symptom scores do not suffice the need for the same. This study was thus planned to assess usefulness of gastropanel tests to validate efficacy of Avipattikar choorna, well-known antacid remedy in functional dyspepsia. A. choorna was given to patients of dyspeptic disorders following which gastropanel was performed pre- and post-treatment. The gastropanel findings obtained, prior and post-interventions were compared using Wilcoxon MPSR test and a level of P < 0.05 was considered for statistical significance. It was observed that although symptom scores showed improvement in all patients after treatment, change in pre- and post-values of gastropanel was seen only in few patients. Gastropanel could differentiate between true responders and non-responders, identification of which was difficult merely with symptom scores. Another highlight was that A. choorna proved more effective in H. pylori IgG positive cases. Gastropanel may be used as an effective tool to understand and validate the efficacy of traditional medicines in functional dyspepsia and gastric disorders along with its effect on stomach physiology and acid regulation. Need for employment of quantitative/objective parameters for traditional system drugs validation is also highlighted.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Some Novel Arylidene Hydrazides Derivatives
Authors: Shah Shalini K. , Goyal Anju
Published: April 2023

There has been considerable interest in the development of novel compounds with anticonvulsant, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal activities. The present study explores the antimicrobial activity of some new arylidene hydrazide derivatives and correlates the effect on the antimicrobial potency by varying the substituents on hydrazide part of the arylidine hydrazide. Hydrazones possessing an azomethine–NHN=CH- proton constitute an important class of compounds for new drug developments; therefore, a series of arylidene hydrazides were synthesized with various aromatic aldehydes/ketones. The synthesis of title compounds was affected as outlined in the scheme. In this scheme O-chloro benzoic acid on reaction with aniline through Ullmann Reaction gave N-phenyl anthranilic acid. The esterification product of N-phenyl anthranilic acid followed by reaction with hydrazine hydrate yielded 2-phenyl amino benzoic acid hydrazide. These hydrazides were give arylidine hydrazide as title compounds. A total of 11 compounds were synthesized. The synthetic methods used are simple, rapid, and economical found to be accurate and reproducible. All the intermediates and title compounds were characterized by running TLC, determining M.P. and spectral studies such as IR and 1H-NMR. The synthesized compounds showed mild-to-moderate antibacterial activity against Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis (MTCC441), Bacillus cereus (MTCC-7190) and Gram-negative Escherichia coli and antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigates (ATTC 9197). The bio-screening data revealed that 4b, 4f, 4g, 4h, and 4j moiety exhibited good antibacterial activity against all where 4a and 4c showed good antifungal activity. Among the compounds, 4a and 4c exhibited good antioxidant activity too.
Food Handling and Personal Hygiene Practices among Momo Vendors in Jaipur City, Rajasthan
Authors: Singh Simran , Agarwal Vyoma , Chug Ravneet , Jhinjha Vaishali
Published: April 2023

Street food is ready to eat food, easily available, and offers a lot of varied choices, supporting different sections of society differently. Along with numerous benefits, street food poses a great threat to public health in which street food vendors are major culprits. Vendors are often less educated and do not follow proper hygiene and safety practices. The present study was conducted to assess the hygiene and food handling practices of 100 momo vendors from five street food vending hubs of Jaipur city and to create awareness regarding safe food handling practices. A pretested questionnaire was used to collect data from them. Almost all the vendors served food with bare hands and without wearing apron. Majority (65%) of vendors did not keep raw and cooked food separate and non-food items were stored along with food supplies. In 37% of vending sites, flies were seen harboring in the vicinity of the vending units. Presence of pests such as cockroaches, ants, and rats was observed around 18% vending outlets. Vendors often follow a low level of personal hygiene practices. There is a need to regulate these vendors with mandatory training and certification. Collective efforts of both vendors and official authorities are required to bring the changes.
Dental Caries Status in Primary Molars: Useful Indicator of Oral Health-care Service Delivery among 5–6 Years Old in Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Wickramasinghe Danushi , Usgodaarachchi Udaya
Published: April 2023

The main aims of the study were to quantify the burden of caries and determine factors associated with the highest risk for caries among 5–6-year-old schoolchildren in Sri Lanka. A cross-sectional descriptive study based on clinical oral examination, an interviewer-administered questionnaire for children and a parental self-administered questionnaire was conducted among, 5–6 years old (n = 403) in a selected province. Prevalence of caries was 56.7% (95% CI: 51.5–61.9%) and 3.4% (95% CI: 2.4–4.3%) for primary and permanent dentitions, respectively. A decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index of 3.01 (95% CI: 2.61–3.41), significant caries index which is the DMFT of one-third of the study group with the highest caries score of 7.62 (95% CI of 7.34–7.9), prevalence of severely decayed untreated caries with pulpal involvement, ulcerations, fistula, and abscesses (PUFA) of 32.77% (95% CI of 32.32–33.22%), and a mean PUFA score of 1.26 (95% CI of 1.13–1.39) were observed for primary dentition. Although 43.3% of the sample did not have any caries, 10% had caries in all their primary molars, indicating a disproportionate treatment need. Having pulp exposed anterior teeth and father having three or more missing teeth were associated with having caries in all the primary molars. Severe burden of untreated caries at 5–6 years and polarization are seen as one in 10 study participants had all their primary molars decayed. While strengthening infant, toddler, and preschool oral health promotion, interventions targeting high-risk children are needed for reducing the caries burden.
Potential Health Benefits of Functional Foods in Boosting Immunity and Relationship between Immunosuppressant Diseases and Severity of Viral Infections-COVID-19 – A Review Article
Authors: Kuthiala Ruchu , Jindal Palak , Nalwaya Nishita Chandrasen
Published: April 2023

COVID-19 pandemic has been a global challenge to all the nations and has really affected the sense of normalcy in the lives of People. It has been a sense of awakening that has made people realize the role of immunotherapy in fighting against such situations. It has been observed that the strong gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) which accounts as a dominant role in the immunity has a very important role to play in strengthening the immune system. Dysbiosis could be a major cause of many health disorders and immune suppressants diseases. It was strongly observed that patients with compromised immune system badly affected in COVID-19. In this review, we are trying to find out the association between functional foods such as Probiotics, Prebiotics, and various other Nutraceuticals in strengthening the immune system and its potential benefit to act as preventive medicine in curbing down incidence or management of COVID-19.
Kinetic Evaluation of Pelvis during the Three Trimesters of Pregnancy and its Correlation to BMI
Authors: Dhuru Prachiti A. , Kanase Suraj B.
Published: April 2023

Background: Understanding differences in mechanics between pregnant and non-pregnant females are a first step toward identifying potential pathological mechanisms. Objectives: The objective was to investigate systematic changes in the range of motion of pelvis in all three trimesters of pregnancy and its correlation to BMI. Materials and Methods: One hundred and seventy-four primigravida pregnant females with age group of 20–30 years completed testing on three occasions (first trimester, second trimester, and third trimester) using goniometer. The patient was made comfortable and her height, weight was measured to calculate the BMI. Later with the help of goniometer range of motion of pelvis (hip and lumbar) was measured. Results: In this study, significant correlation was seen for anterior pelvic tilt, posterior pelvic tilt, and backward rotation for the first and third trimester. Very significant correlation was seen for anterior pelvic tilt, posterior pelvic tilt, lateral pelvic tilt, forward rotation, backward rotation in the second trimester, and for backward rotation in the third trimester. Extremely significant correlation was seen for posterior pelvic tilt in the first trimester, for anterior and posterior pelvic tilt in the second trimester, for posterior pelvic tilt in the third trimester. Conclusion: In this study, significant correlation was seen for the first and third trimester. Very significant correlation was seen for the second trimester and for third trimester. Extremely significant correlation was seen in the first trimester, second trimester, and third trimesters.
Effect of Power Training on Quality of Life in Chronic Stroke Survivors
Authors: Dhuru Prachiti A. , Kanase Suraj B.
Published: April 2023

Background: Power training is a concept where power can be best improved with the help of resistance exercise, that is, equivalent to 60% of 1RM. Along with this resistance, the exercise is to be done with maximum speed, that is, as fast as possible, which is equivalent to 33–60% of the maximum movement velocity without resistance. Power training is used for lower motor neuron lesion; but to work more on weakness for chronic stroke individuals and to improve their quality of life (QOL), power training is used for chronic stroke, that is, upper motor neuron lesion. Objectives: The objective was to assess the effect of power training along with conventional treatment protocol on QOL in chronic stroke survivors. Materials and Methods: A comparative study was carried out using convenient sampling technique during 3 months in Krishna Hospital. A total of 40 patients were subjected Group A (20 subjects) who received conventional treatment protocol and Group B (20 subjects) who underwent power training along with conventional treatment protocol. Protocol was conducted for 3 days per week (alternate days) for 6 weeks. Pre- and post-test results were assessed using Stroke-Specific QOL Scale and Modified Barthel’s Index as outcome measures. Results: Significant, very significant, and extremely significant correlations were observed for combination of power training and conventional treatment protocol when compared to conventional treatment alone. Conclusion: This study concluded that the combination of conventional treatment protocol and power training for chronic stroke survivors improved their QOL.
Assessment of Biochemical Parameters, Kidney Function, and Long-term Outcome in Renal Transplant Recipients
Authors: Ahmad Shazia , Sailaja Kesiraju , Reddy Penagaluru Pardhanandana , Gaddam Sumanlatha
Published: April 2023

Background and Aims: New-onset of diabetes after transplantation (NODAT) is the most significant complications arising post-renal transplantation and affecting the long-term graft outcome and recipient survival. Assessment of renal function in kidney transplant recipients might help in understanding the better outcome of the graft and also the factors associated with NODAT. The present study was aimed to estimate the biochemical parameters, electrolytes, and minerals in the serum among renal transplant recipients and healthy controls (HC) and to evaluate the graft function, graft outcome and patient survival. Materials and Methods: Biochemical parameters (creatinine, urea, and uric acid), electrolytes (sodium, potassium, and chloride), and minerals (calcium and phosphorus) were estimated in serum by enzymatic method using commercially available kits in 100 HC, 80 NODAT, and 80 Non-NODAT subjects. The graft outcome was assessed by comparing serum creatinine levels and urinary creatinine clearance at 0 month and 60 months. The survival rate was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier survival curve. Results: The mean age was significantly higher in NODAT versus non-NODAT at P < 0.0009. Significant gender difference was observed in NODAT and non-NODAT versus HC at P < 0.0001. The levels of creatinine, urea, and uric acid were significantly more in NODAT versus HC at P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001, and P < 0.006. The mean levels of sodium and phosphorus were significantly lower in NODAT versus HC at P < 0.008 and P < 0.029. In multinomial logistic regression analysis, age, male gender, creatinine, and urea significantly predicted the outcome and the Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis revealed creatinine to be better marker for assessing kidney function. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis showed decreased survival rates in NODAT than non-NODAT. Conclusion: Older age (above 40), hyponatremia, and hypophosphatemia could be significant risk factors for NODAT development.
Comparative Clinical Study of Nirgundi Taila and Jatyadi Taila Pratisarana in Parikartika W.S.R. to Fissure in Ano
Authors: Vitthalrao Awari Vishakha , Rahul V. Kadam
Published: April 2023

Background: The Parikartika is a condition, in which there will be excruciating cutting type of pain all around Guda, Bastishiras, and Nabhi. It mainly involves Vata Dosha vitiation. It can be correlated with Fissure in ano which is a longitudinal split in the anoderm of the distal anal canal which extends from anal verge proximally toward, but not beyond, the dentate line. Both Nirgundi Taila and Jatyadi Taila have Vatashamak property. Materials and Methods: In this study, total 40 patients fulfilling inclusion criteria were included and were randomly divided into two groups, 20 patients in each group. Group A was advised to use Nirgundi Taila for Pratisarana and Group B was advised to use Jatyadi Taila for Pratisarana. Results: The result shows statistically significant improvement in both groups suggesting both Nirgundi Taila and Jatyadi Taila which are effective in Parikartika. However, overall statistical analysis shows that percentage of improvement in Group A (Nirgundi Taila) was more than Group B (Jatyadi Taila); hence, we can say that Group A (Nirgundi Taila) is more effective as compared to Group B (Jatyadi Taila) in Parikartika. Conclusion: The present study reveals that there is significant effect of Nirgundi Taila Pratisarana in Parikartika (Fissure in Ano) cases.
A Cross-Sectional Study of the Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity using Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference among 11–14-Year-old Children in Puducherry
Authors: Ponnambalam Sumathy
Published: April 2023

Background: Obesity in children has become more common in recent years around the world. It is estimated that India will have 17 million obese children by 2025. Increased consumption of high-calorie meals deficient in vitamins, minerals, and micronutrients, combined with decreased physical activity, is factors contributing to rising childhood obesity. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity using body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. Material and Methods: The study was a school based cross-sectional study conducted among 1386 students aged 11–14 years from four Private Urban schools of Puducherry. This was measured using WHO BMI-for-age-2007 (5–19 years) charts for boys and girls and for waist circumference using an inch tape with a cut off value at 71 cms. Results: The findings reveal that among 1386 children aged 11–14 years the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the study participants was 20.2% and 7.14%, respectively. In the overweight category, girls were overweight (52.5%) when compared to the boys (47.5%) and in the obese category, boys were (51.5%) and girls were (48.4%). The mean waist circumference of students in the overweight category was 76.61 with a standard deviation of 4.32 and in the obese category was 78.7 with a standard deviation of 4.14. A significant association was found between gender and age with the waist circumference at P < 0.001. Conclusion: The present study findings imply that overweight and obesity are a growing concern in our country and there is an urgent need to create awareness among all stakeholders.
A Critical Review on Basti – An Ardha Chikitsa
Authors: Chaturvedi Deepa , Nakade Mamata
Published: April 2023

Background: In Ayurveda, Chikitsa does not mean simply the relief from ailment or absence of symptoms; it is bringing back the normalcy specific to that person. The word Shodhana means cleansing and purifying. Basti holds a distinct position in contrast to other Panchakarma measures due to its wide spectrum and competent benefits. Observation: Basti Karma controls Vata at its Moolasthana Pakwashaya, and thus, all metabolic processes under the control of Vata are automatically regulated as, if the root of the diseased tree is destroyed; its branches, leaves, and flowers are automatically destroyed. Veerya of the Basti Dravyas transmitted all over the body. It sucks out Doshas from head to toe as, the sun though miles away with its rays, sucks the water from the plants on the earth. No other Chikitsa is as capable as Basti to tolerate and regulate the force of Vata. All these actions of Basti can be well explained on the basis of known physiological and pharmacological actions. Thus, Basti has promotive, curative, preventive, and rejuvenative effect. Conclusion: It can be concluded that Basti is a highly complex, sophisticated, and systemic therapy having a wider range of therapeutic actions and indications. It has been considered as the prime treatment modality of Vata Dosha. Innumerable Basti can be formulated using various drugs in different proportions for various diseases and for different patients.
Effect of Teneligliptin, and Teneligliptin Combined with Gabapentin on Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Neuropathy in Albino Mice
Authors: Kumar Ranjeet , Sharma Ashish Kumar
Published: April 2023

Diabetic neuropathy is a nerve disorder manifested by different faceted condition affecting up to half of individuals with persistent diabetes. Symptoms associated with this disease such as nerve palsy, painful polyneuropathy, thoracoabdominal neuropathy, autonomic neuropathy, diabetic amyotrophy, mononeuropathy multiplex, caused by motor, sensory, and autonomic nerve dysfunction which affects peripheral nervous system, gastrointestinal, pain receptors, urogenital, and cardiovascular system. In this study, type 2 diabetes was induced with alloxan in albino mice. After induction, drug treatment was initiated on the day 15, with different regimen on different group of mice that is teneligliptin, sitagliptin, combination of teneligliptin, and gabapentin. After investigation on day 21, 28, 35, and 42 found significantly improved glycemic control, paw jumping response, and grip strength (P < 0.001). Mice treated with different regimen on day 21, 28, 35, and 42 were observed significant increase in blood protein (P < 0.001). Alloxan caused marked nerve cell degeneration, teneligliptin and sitagliptin showed tissue regeneration and neutral effect on body weight. In the conclusion, treatment with teneligliptin and teneligliptin combined with gabapentin results an increase in pain sensitivity, grip strength, neural protection, and reverses the alteration of biochemical parameters but neutral effect on body weight in alloxan-induced type 2 diabetic mice.
Potential Applications of Ayurveda in Ankylosing Spondylitis – A Review
Authors: Patil Priyanka D. , Patil Dushyant D. , Babar Sanjay
Published: April 2023

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a disease involving long-term inflammation of the joints of the spine that causes vertebrae to fuse. Cause of AS is unknown. It is considered to be a combination of some genetic and environmental factors. The underlying mechanism is believed to be autoimmune or auto-inflammatory. There is no definitive cure for AS. Treatments may relieve symptomatically and prevent worsening. Ayurved believes that every individual has a unique pattern or fingerprint, each person has a particular pattern of energy which comprises their own constitution. Hence, every patient is different, hetu sevan is different in every patient, so the pathophysiology according to ayurveda also differs in different patients. Ayurveda encompasses various tools and techniques for assessing health and root of disease. They also consider the patient’s suitability for various treatments. Considering all probable pathophysiologies of this condition as per Ayurveda, this article encompasses treatment modalities that can be incorporated for treating AS. Extensive literature review is done for selecting, localizing the described condition. Data are obtained by applying Ayurveda principles from various Samhitas with logical reasoning.
From ray tracing to waves of topological origin in continuous media
Authors: Venaille Antoine , Onuki Yohei , Perez Nicolas , Leclerc Armand
Published: April 2023

Continuous media commonly support a discrete number of wave modes that are trapped along interfaces defined by spatially varying parameters. In the case of multicomponent wave problems, those trapped modes fill a frequency gap between different wave bands. When they are robust against continuous deformations of parameters, such waves are said to be of topological origin. It has been realized over the last decades that waves of topological origin can be predicted by computing a single topological invariant, the first Chern number, in a dual bulk wave problem that is much simpler to solve than the original wave equation involving spatially varying coefficients. The correspondence between the simple bulk problem and the more complicated interface problem is usually justified by invoking an abstract index theorem. Here, by applying ray tracing machinery to the paradigmatic example of equatorial shallow water waves, we propose a physical interpretation of this correspondence. We first compute ray trajectories in the phase space given by position and wavenumber of the wave packet, using Wigner-Weyl transforms. We then apply a quantization condition to describe the spectral properties of the original wave operator. This bridges the gap between previous work by Littlejohn and Flynn showing manifestation of Berry curvature in ray tracing equations, and more recent studies that computed the Chern number of flow models by integrating the Berry curvature over a closed surface in parameter space. We find that an integral of Berry curvature over this closed surface emerges naturally from the quantization condition, which allows us to recover the bulk-interface correspondence.
To the 95th anniversary of L.A. Ilyin
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: April 2023

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Radiation detriment estimation: on the possibility of effective dose usage to assess the number of years of the healthy life lost
Authors: Repin L. V.
Published: April 2023

The Russian Law “On Radiation Safety of the Population” defines the effective dose as “the amount of exposure to ionizing radiation used as a measure of the risk of long-term consequences of human’s body exposure…” In turn, the Russian “Radiation Safety Standards” (RSS 99/2009) establish a procedure for assessing the health risk, associated with exposure to low doses, for two types of harmful effects (oncological diseases and hereditary effects) and two age and sex groups (“whole population” and “adults”) by multiplying corresponding linear risk coefficients per effective dose. At the same time, these documents do not impose restrictions on the risk assessment procedure, without excluding the use of any other risk indicators or risk assessment for other sex and age groups of the population. The value of radiation detriment to health, calculated by the method described in RSS 99/2009 to characterize the risk, as a unit of measurement, uses the fatal oncological disease caused by exposure to ionizing radiation, weighted by the number of years of life lost, or weighted by the severity of non-fatal cancer. Currently, mortality-based health measures are considered insufficiently informative characteristics of the impact of external factors on population health. Such indicators are poorly suited for a comparative analysis of risks, especially taking into account the different distribution of negative consequences over time. The paper presents an applied approach to expand the application of the radiation risk assessment methodology, without making significant changes to the established practice of radiation protection. The possibility of using the DALY value (disability-adjusted life years) as an measure of radiation risk is being considered; the expediency of changing approaches to calculating the effective dose (by using different values of weighting factors for tissues and organs during effective dose calculation for different age and sex groups of the population) and the possible scope of the proposed approaches to risk assessment in practice are discussed; an approach is proposed for calculating the DALY value using the effective dose and the corresponding risk factors (DALY×Sv-1).
Cancer incidence risk of female reproductive organs in the Southern Urals Populations Exposed to Radiation Cohort: 1956-2019
Authors: Krestinina Yu. , Silkin S. S.
Published: April 2023

The objective of the study is to obtain direct estimates of the excess relative risk of the reproductive organ cancer in women from the cohort of the Southern Urals population exposed to radiation under chronic exposure in the dose range not exceeding 1 Gy. Materials and Methods: The analytical cohort of the Southern Urals population exposed to radiation of women included 26,076 individuals with a follow-up period of 65 years (1956 to 2019) and 749,053 person-years at risk. The cancer incidence catchment area is limited to five districts of the Chelyabinsk region, the city of Chelyabinsk and the city of Ozyorsk. Over a 65 year-period 601 cases of the reproductive organ cancers have been registered in the incidence catchment area. The average cumulative dose to the uterus for women in the analytical cohort was 42 mGy; the maximum dose was 988 mGy. A regression analysis with a simple parametric model of the excess relative risk was used in the study. The significance of the results was assessed by the maximum likelihood method with 95% probability. Calculations were performed with the statistical software package “Epicure”. Results: The risk analysis revealed a statistically significant linear dependence of the excess relative risk of the cervical cancer incidence and that of all reproductive organ cancers in total on the dose accumulated in the walls of the uterus. The paper assesses the influence of modifying factors available for analysis on the magnitude of the risk. No dependence of either uterine body cancer risk on the dose to the uterus or ovary cancer risk on the dose to the ovaries was revealed. The possibility of obtaining significant risk values of the development of site-specific cancers appeared with an increase in the size of the analyzed population as a result of combining people exposed in the Southern Urals in two radiation accidents into one cohort, which increased the statistical power of the study. Assessment of the excess relative risk of the reproductive organ cancer in this cohort was carried out for the first time. This cohort has a great potential for further research to obtain direct estimates of the radiation risk of cancer and non-cancer diseases due to chronic exposure in the dose range up to 1 Gy.
Aftermath of COVID-19 on E-Commerce
Authors: Hassan Imteyaz , Adnan Shah A
Published: April 2023

The health impacts of COVID-19 have been felt throughout all sectors of society, with significant economic consequences. While the global economy has slowed because of a dearth of purchasing power evident primarily in the home economy, growth has increased in developing economies. In order to prevent the spread of COVID-19, which has the effect of boosting the number of people who utilise online and mobile buying methods, this approach is put in place. The utilisation of e-commerce and mobile commerce assists customers in obtaining essential necessities and health goods, which are used for both in-home and out-of-home activities. In COVID-19, there has been an increase in e-commerce and mobile commerce buying and selling transactions. E-Commerce and mobile commerce use this information to provide consumers with a wide range of lucrative offers to choose from. Goods will be delivered to the client’s home, since the consumer does not have to deal with the seller. Electronic commerce is frequently considered and favoured as a way for purchasing different products and services. Online shopping must now be supplanted by traditional ways of purchasing. According to this argument, the most notable factor behind this is that customers have a wide range of merchandise available from all over the world, giving them the option to personalise their purchases. COVID-19 is the cause of elevation in the e-commerce sector that were not expected beforehand. The ability of COVID-19 to affect all aspects of e-commerce including e-commerce companies, customers’ buying habits, and changes in consumer demand has been highly impactful.
Significance of Ethical and Moral Standards in Trade and Business
Authors: Rajitha Pathange
Published: April 2023

Sustainable economic growth is not only the ultimate goal of business corporations but also the primary target of a local government and regional and global economies. One of the cornerstones of sustainable economic growth is ethics. Ethical leaders and employees have great potential to influence decisions and behaviors that lead to sustainability positively. Ethical behavior, therefore, is expected of everyone in the modern workplace. This paper argues that ethics in the business is the most important sector in leading to profits and success. An organization needs to be driven by strong ethical values, not only profit.
Study of Financial Performance of Cement Industry by Using Du-pont Analysis
Authors: Singh Gajraj
Published: April 2023

This study attempts basically to measure the financial performance of the Cement Industry taking Ten major companies listed in BSE like ACC Ltd, Ambuja Cement Ltd, Birla Corporation Ltd, Damila Bharat Ltd, JK Cement Ltd, Jk Laxmi Cement Ltd, Prism Cement Ltd, Ramco Cement Ltd, Star Cement Ltd, Ultratech Cement Ltd for the period 2011-2021. In order to achieve our goals in this paper we have measured the ratios of ROE, ROA applying the DuPont analyses, which have been demonstrated with the aim of tables to show the change periodically. DuPont analysis (ROI and ROE)) is an important tool for judging the operating financial performance. It is an indication of the earning power of the firm.DuPont Model, which is based on analysis of Return on Equity (ROE) & Return on Investment (ROI). The return on equity disaggregates performance into three components: Net Profit Margin, Total Asset Turnover, and the Equity Multiplier. Return on Investment consists of Assets Turnover and Profit Margin. The return on investment consists of Assets Turnover (Operating Income X Total Assets) and Profit Margin (EBIT X Operating Income).In conclusion, ROE & ROI is the most comprehensive measure of profitability of a firm. It considers the operating and investing decisions made as well as the financing.
Editorial
Authors: Adriane Cristina Kasprowicz
Published: April 2023

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Avaliação do desgaste da zona de perigo de molares inferiores utilizando o sistema rotatório ProTaper
Authors: Fernanda Missao Brugin MATSUBARA  , Janaina Glaucia Trevizan PEREIRA  , Flares BARATTO FILHO  , Gisele Aihara HARAGUSHIKU  , Flávia Sens FAGUNDES
Published: April 2023

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar in vitro o desgaste da zona de perigo emmolares inferiores, após utilização do sistema de instrumentação rotatóriaProTaper. Foram utilizadas 60 raízes mesiais de molares inferiores, asquais foram divididas em 4 grupos experimentais. Um grupo foi mantidocomo controle e os demais foram respectivamente instrumentados comas limas SX; SX e S1; SX, S1 e S2. Os resultados foram submetidos àanálise estatística, demonstrando uma diferença significante no nível de1% entre os grupos experimentais, com um aumento do desgaste da zonade perigo diretamente proporcional ao aumento do diâmetro dosinstrumentos ProTaper. Conclui-se que por não ter acontecido nenhumcaso de perfuração radicular a segurança desses instrumentos no preparode molares inferiores foi demonstrada.
Retratamento endodôntico de incisivo central inferior com “ilha de dentina” e portador de lesão periapical: relato de caso
Authors: Renata Grazziotin SOARES  , Luis Eduardo Duarte IRALA  , Alexandre Azevedo SALLES  , Orlando LIMONGI
Published: April 2023

Na Endodontia é de extrema importância que o profissional tenhaconhecimento minucioso da anatomia interna dos dentes, a fim de obtersucesso nos seus tratamentos, evitando acidentes e complicações. Nopresente trabalho foi apresentado um caso clínico em que havia sidoconcluída a endodontia de um incisivo central inferior há mais de um ano,no entanto não regrediram os sinais e os sintomas, bem como persistia aimagem radiolúcida indicativa de lesão periapical. Após encaminhamentoao endodontista para retratamento, constatou-se a presença de um segundocanal não tratado. Isso vem a aclarar que a consciência meticulosa daanatomia dos canais radiculares e das suas possíveis variações ajudasobremaneira o profissional, desde a cirurgia de acesso até a obturação.
Avaliação do nível de conhecimento dos acadêmicos do curso de Odontologia da UNIVILLE sobre a utilização de dentes extraídos na graduação e banco de dentes
Authors: Débora ZUCCO  , Renata KOBE  , Caroline FABRE  , Luciano MADEIRA  , Flares BARATTO FILHO
Published: April 2023

Os objetivos deste estudo foram, por meio de um questionário, avaliaro nível de conhecimento dos alunos do curso de Odontologia daUNIVILLE sobre o banco de dentes, suas atividades e funcionamento,biossegurança na manipulação de dentes e, especialmente, descobriro motivo pelo qual os acadêmicos não realizam a doação espontâneade dentes para o banco. Um questionário foi elaborado e aplicado aosalunos do primeiro ao quinto ano do curso com questões pertinentesao banco de dentes, como a utilização de dentes nas disciplinas docurso, biossegurança e doação de elementos dentais. Após aplicaçãodo questionário, constatou-se que todos os alunos entrevistados(100%) precisaram de elementos dentais extraídos para utilização no ensino pré-clínico; 84,2% relataram dificuldade na obtenção dos dentessolicitados nas disciplinas; com relação à biossegurança, 66,6% dosalunos afirmaram ter manipulado sem equipamento de proteçãoindividual os dentes extraídos, mesmo sabendo que a polpa e tecidosperiodontais podem apresentar patógenos sangüíneos transmissíveisao ser humano. Concluiu-se que o principal motivo pelo qual osacadêmicos não participam efetivamente da doação de “estoques”particulares é o desconhecimento sobre atividades do banco de dentes,suas normas de procedimento, protocolos de doação e, principalmente,retirada de elementos dentais.
Retreatment of Thermafill fillings with the ProFile .04 system at 350 or 2000rpm
Authors: Flares BARATTO FILHO  , José Roberto VANNI  , Orlando LIMONGI  , Denise Piotto LEONARDI  , Fabrício SCAINI  , Flávia Sens FAGUNDES
Published: April 2023

This study aimed at determining the quality of removal of the thermafill systemin endodontic retreatment with utilization of the 0.04 ProFile system at twodifferent speeds. Thirty single-rooted mandibular canines were divided intotwo groups. The canals were prepared with the crown-down technique andobturated with the thermafill system with a carrier #40 and Ah-plus sealer.Fillings were removed two weeks after obturation, as follows: Group I – 0.04ProFile following the size sequence 90, 60, 45, 40 and 45, without solvent, ata speed of 350rpm; Group II – same technique at 2000rpm. The specimenswere longitudinally sectioned and were scanned and analyzed by a software(ImageTool) that measured the area of remaining filling material and removalof the plastic carrier. The mean of remnants of filling material was 24.86% at Group I, 24.91% at Group II and the area was not statistically different(Student’s “t” test) between the two groups and all plastic carriers wereremoved. It was concluded that the quality of removal of the filling materialat both speeds (350 or 2000rpm) was similar; and all plastic carrierswere removed with success by ProFile .04 system.
Histological evaluation of experimental bone grafting in vivo of lyophilized deproteinated bovine bone
Authors: João César ZIELAK  , Daniel Kfouri LOPES  , Allan Fernando GIOVANINI  , Flares BARATTO FILHO  , Álvaro Luiz MATHIAS
Published: April 2023

Bone grafting biomaterials are important substances in currentdentistry. Thus, the objective of this study was to observe in anexperimental animal model, the clinical and histological response inthe effectiveness of defect filling and osteopromotion of a deproteinatedlyophilized bovine bone, in the search for dental applications. It wasconcluded that the application of the biomaterial demonstratedmaintenance of oral tissue volume; histological characteristics observedwere favorable to the repair and neoformation of oral bone, with highvascularization, fusiform-like cell proliferation, and a foreign-body typecell inflammatory infiltrate.
Análise da concentração de cloro ativo e pH em amostras de hipoclorito de sódio 1%
Authors: Angélica LUDWIG  , Marcele Koch HOFFMEISTER  , Luis Eduardo Duarte IRALA  , Alexandre Azevedo SALLES  , Orlando LIMONGI  , Renata Grazziotin SOARES
Published: April 2023

Foram analisados o teor de cloro ativo e o pH em amostras da solução dehipoclorito de sódio a 1%, provenientes de 3 diferentes frascos ondeestavam armazenadas (frasco Pet 1, Pet 2 e Pet 3). Uma amostra de cadafrasco foi colhida imediatamente no momento da abertura das embalagens(tempo 0: T0), e as outras três (uma de cada frasco) foram deixadas expostasa luz e temperatura ambiente por aproximadamente 3 horas eposteriormente levadas para análise (tempo 1: T1). Concluiu-se que emtodas as amostras houve diminuição do teor de cloro ativo de T0 para T1.Apenas nas amostras provenientes do primeiro frasco (Pet 1) o pH baixoude 12,00 para 11,50 (de T0 para T1). A porcentagem de teor de cloro ativonão condizia com o descrito no rótulo nas amostras provenientes dos trêsfrascos Pet.
Evaluacion del cierre apical con hidróxido de calcio, MTA y plasma rico en factores de crecimiento in vivo
Authors: Daniel Silva-Herzog FLORES  , Jorge H. Ramírez GONZÁLEZ  , Sandra Maria Alves SAYÃO  , Verónica Méndez GONZÁLEZ
Published: April 2023

Objetivo. Objetivo. O Objetivo. bservar la formación de un tope apical mediante el empleode Ca(OH)2, MTA y PRGF colocado en dientes inmaduros de perros aun solo período de observación. Metodología. Metodología. Fueron utilizados dosperros en los cuales se trabajó con 16 muestras. Este trabajo se realizóen dos tiempos operatorios, el primero para impedir el desarrollonormal del ápice radicular provocando una lesión apical colocandouna torunda de algodón con placa dentobacteriana de humano durantedos meses, el segundo tiempo operatorio para colocar los materialesa probar formando cuatro grupos: 1. control (limpieza del conducto);2. hidróxido de calcio (Ca(OH)2); 3. mineral trióxido agregado (MTA);4. plasma rico en factores de crecimiento (PRGF). Siete meses después,los perros fueron sacrificados y las muestras preparadas para serobservadas al microscopio óptico. Resultados. Resultados. L Resultados. os resultadosobtenidos fueron muy similares entre las muestras de su propio grupo.Grupo control: el ápice se encontró totalmente abierto y sin vías de reparación. Grupo del hidróxido de calcio: el ápice se encontró abiertopero en vías de reparación, formando un tejido de osteocemento o detipo cementoide, pequeños focos de infiltrado inflamatorio. Mineraltrióxido agregado: se observó un cierre total del ápice, con dentinabien organizada y con engrosamiento del cemento en la porción apical.Plasma rico en factores de crecimiento: ápice abierto en vías dereparación, tejido cementoide o de tipo osteocemento. Dentro de todoel conducto se observan fibras de colágeno, tejido conectivo laxo yalgunos vasos sanguíneos. Conclusiones. Conclusiones. Con Conclusiones. base a los resultadosobservados, sobresalen dos de los materiales utilizados, estos son elMTA por el cierre apical tan similar a la fisiología natural, y PRGF porel tejido formado dentro del conducto radicular; sin embargo elhidróxido de calcio también logra estimular la formación de tejidocalcificado periapical.