bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS ATP-WTP PENUMPANG KERETA BANDARA LINTAS MANGGARAI-SOEKARNO HATTA
Authors: Viryananda Calvin , Linggasari Dewi , Angkat Hokbyan
Published: March 2021

In determining public transport rates, it is necessary to compare the value of Ability to Pay (ATP) and Willingness to Pay (WTP) for Soekarno-Hatta Airport Train service users to pay a sum of money to pay for the services and facilities they receive. The purpose of this research is to analyze the value of ATP and WTP of Soekarno-Hatta Airport Train service users. The method of collecting research data online is to all respondents of the Soekarno-Hatta Airport Train who have used this service. The research data obtained were then processed and analyzed to obtain the results of the characteristics of the respondents, the ATP value, and the WTP value. The results of the analysis on the existing tariff at the BNI City / Manggarai Station are Rp. 70,000, - the ATP and WTP values are Rp. 75,260, - and Rp. 63,887, -. The ATP and WTP values for Duri Station are Rp. 75,260, - and Rp. 64,424, -. The results of this study indicate that the ATP value is greater than the WTP and the WTP value is smaller than the existing tariff. This data shows that the prevailing tariffs are not commensurate with the services received.ABSTRAKDalam menentukan tarif angkutan umum perlu dibandingkan nilai Ability to Pay (ATP) dan Willingness to Pay (WTP) pengguna jasa Kereta Bandara Soekarno Hatta untuk membayar sejumlah uang untuk membayar jasa dan fasilitas yang diterimanya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis besaran nilai ATP dan WTP pengguna jasa Kereta Bandara Soekarno-Hatta. Metode pengumpulan data penelitian secara online kepada seluruh responden Kereta Bandara Soekarno-Hatta yang pernah menggunakan jasa tersebut. Data penelitian yang diperoleh kemudian diolah dan dianalisis untuk mendapatkan hasil karakteristik responden, nilai ATP, dan nilai WTP. Hasil analisis pada tarif eksisting pada Stasiun BNI City/Manggarai sebesar Rp.70.000,- didapat nilai ATP dan WTP masing-masing adalah Rp. 75.260,- dan Rp. 63.887,-. Nilai ATP dan WTP untuk Stasiun Duri masing-masing adalah Rp. 75.260,- dan Rp. 64.424,-. Dari hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa nilai ATP lebih besar dibandingan WTP dan nilai WTP lebih kecil dibandingan tarif eksisting. Data ini menunjukkan bahwa tarif yang berlaku saat ini tidak sepadan dengan pelayanan yang diterima.
Analisis Riwayat Waktu Gempa Sesar pada Sistem Fondasi Tiang
Authors: Firmando Alfandy , Wijaya Hendy , Yuwono Amelia
Published: March 2021

In Indonesia, many active faults that can cause earthquakes, one of them is the Palu Koro fault which extends approximately 240 km from the north (Palu City) to the south (Malili) to the Gulf of Bone. The effect of this earthquake fault caused enormous damage to infrastructure. The lower structure, namely the foundation, is part of a structure that transmits the load received from axial and lateral forces which then continues into the ground below. This foundation plays a big role in making the structure stand firm; however, pile failures still often occur in Indonesia. Because of that in this journal will be analyzing of the time history of earthquake faults in the pile foundation system. This analysis requires the assistance of a geotechnical based program. The program can process the data provided so that it produces a result that can be analyzed. The results can be in the form of internal forces, and displacement. The result of this curve we can see the effect of the earthquake fault on the foundation. From these results, it is expected to provide data to help plan structures to be built in areas prone to earthquake faults.AbstrakWilayah Indonesia banyak terdapat sesar aktif yang dapat menimbulkan gempa salah satunya sesar aktif di Sulawesi adalah sesar Palu Koro yang memanjang kurang lebih 240 km dari utara (Kota Palu) ke selatan (Malili) hingga Teluk Bone. Pengaruh gempa sesar ini menimbulkan kerusakan yang sangat besar dalam infrastruktur. Struktur bawah yakni Fondasi ialah bagian dari suatu struktur yang meneruskan beban yang diterima dari gaya aksial dan lateral yang kemudian meneruskan ke dalam tanah di bawahnya. Fondasi inilah berperan besar membuat struktur tersebut dapat berdiri kukuh akan tetapi kegagalan tiang masih sering terjadi di Indonesia. Dengan demikian pada jurnal ini dilakukan analisis riwayat waktu gempa sesar pada sistem fondasi tiang. Analisis ini membutuhkan bantuan program berbasis geoteknik. Program dapat mengolah data-data yang diberikan sehingga menghasilkan suatu hasil yang dapat di analisis. Hasil tersebut dapat berupa kurva gaya dalam dan perpindahan. Hasil dari kurva ini kita dapat melihat pengaruh dari gempa sesar tersebut terhadap fondasi. Dari hasil tersebut diharapkan dapat memberikan data-data untuk membantu merencanakan bangunan struktur yang akan dibangun di wilayah yang rawan akan gempa sesar.
ANALISIS KAPASITAS DAN KECEPATAN ARUS BEBAS BERDASARKAN MKJI DI RUAS JALAN GATOT SUBROTO
Authors: Raudah Zahwa Nur , Kushartomo Widodo , Najid Najid
Published: March 2021

The congestion that occurs in the city of Jakarta is caused by the large number of four-wheeled and two-wheeled vehicle drivers who fill the road, so that the volume increases which results in a congestion on the road segment. In this research, we will discuss about the capacity and free flow on Gatot Subroto street  in both directions. The data needed to calculate the capacity and speed of free flow is the volume of the vehicle, the speed and density of the road sections. This research was conducted in the morning to evening, each 2 hours with a time interval of 15 minutes. The calculation in the study used the MKJI 1997 method and the Greenshield method. Obtained from the Greenshield model the highest R2 value in the morning to evening is 0,9943 with a VS value = 40.011 - 0.0396D for direction 1 and a value of C = 10107 pcu / hour while the R2 value for direction 2 is 0,9193 with VS = 66 ,9928 – 0,1583D for direction 2, the value of C = 7088 pcu / hour. By using the MKJI 1997 method, the value of C = 4890,6 pcu / hour was obtained. ABSTRAKKemacetan yang terjadi di Kota Jakarta disebabkan  banyaknya pengemudi kendaraan roda empat maupun roda dua  yang memenuhi ruas jalan tersebut, sehingga volume meningkat yang mengakibatkan terjadinya kepadatan pada ruas jalan tersebut. Pada penelitian ini, akan dibahas mengenai  kapasitas dan kecepatan arus bebas di ruas jalan Gatot Subroto di kedua arah. Data yang dibutuhkan untuk menghitung kapasitas dan kecepatan arus bebas adalah volume kendaraan,kecepatan dan kepadatan ruas jalan tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada pagi hari hingga sore hari  , masing masing setiap 2 jam dengan interval waktu 15 menit. Perhitungan pada penelitian menggunakan metode MKJI 1997 dan metode Greenshield. Didapat dari model Greenshield nilai R2  tertinggi pada saat pagi hingga sore hari yaitu 0,9943 dengan nilai  VS = 40,011 – 0,0396D untuk arah 1 dan nilai C = 10107 smp/jam sedangkan nilai R2 untuk arah 2  0,9193 dengan  VS = 66,9928 – 0,1583D untuk arah 2 nilai C = 7088 smp/jam. Dengan menggunakan metode MKJI 1997 didapat nilai C = 4890,6 smp/jam.
DESAIN ULANG DAN ANALISIS RESPONS STRUKTURAL PERKERASAN LENTUR PADA JALAN PANTURA RUAS CIKAMPEK-PAMANUKAN
Authors: Andika Reynold , Tajudin Anissa Noor
Published: March 2021

This research is intended for redesign the flexible pavement on the Pantura Road for the Cikampek-Pamanukan section using three flexible pavement design guidelines that apply in Indonesia, namely Flexible Pavement Thickness Planning (2002), Road Pavement Design Manual (2013), and Road Pavement Design Manual (2017), as well as analyzing responses Structural that occurs in the form of horizontal and vertical strains, which are the main components in calculating the repetition value of permits to fatigue failure (Nf) and to rutting failure (Nd), are processed using the KENPAVE program. Primary data in the form of traffic volume is obtained from the Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing (PUPR) and LHR0 starting in 2020 with a plan age of 20 years. The results of this study indicate that the 2002 method produced the largest pavement thickness, followed by the 2013 method and finally the 2017 method which produced the smallest pavement thickness. However, the 2002 method produced the largest repetition of permits to fatigue failure (Nf) and to rutting failure (Nd). So it can be concluded that the 2017 method produces the most optimal design, because it is in accordance with the original plan design.ABSTRAKPenelitian ini ditujukan untuk mendesain ulang perkerasan lentur pada Jalan Pantura ruas Cikampek-Pamanukan menggunakan tiga pedoman desain perkerasan lentur yang berlaku di Indonesia yaitu Perencanaan Tebal Perkerasan Lentur (2002), Manual Desain Perkerasan Jalan (2013), dan Manual Desain Perkerasan Jalan (2017), serta menganalisis respons struktral yang terjadi berupa regangan horisontal dan vertikal, yang merupakan komponen utama dalam menghitung nilai repetisi izin terhadap kerusakan fatik (Nf) dan kerusakan retak alur (Nd), diolah menggunakan program KENPAVE. Data primer berupa volume lalu lintas didapat dari Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat (PUPR) dan LHR0 dimulai pada tahun 2020 dengan umur rencana 20 tahun. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa metode 2002 menghasilkan tebal perkerasan terbesar, kemudian dilanjutkan metode 2013, dan 2017 yang menghasilkan tebal perkerasan terkecil. Namun metode 2002 menghasilkan repetisi izin terhadap kerusakan fatik (Nf) dan kerusakan retak alur (Nd) terbesar. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode 2017 menghasilkan desain paling optimal, karena sesuai dengan desain rencana awal.
ANALISIS KESTABILAN JALAN GIRIAN - KEMA PADA DAERAH PERBUKITAN MINAHASA UTARA
Authors: Jozias Pricilia Imanuela , Sentosa Gregorius Sandjaja
Published: March 2021

The construction of a highway in a hilly area requires attention to the stability of the land on which the road body is laid. On the widening of the road between the cities of Girian-Kema, North Sulawesi, the road body is designed to pass through hillside areas that have a slope of about 36°. In designing the road body in the hilly area must be considered the stability of the slopes on the left and right side of the road, the ability to support the soil and other structures so that the road is in a safe condition. To check the safety of this roadway, three locations of the most critically considered points will be selected to fail. At the location, slope stability analysis was carried out using the MIDAS GTS NX program and obtained the most critical security factors ranging between 1,1 and 1,4. To find out the carrying capacity of the soil, calculated the possibility of roads supporting the most extreme load using standard a crated load of 80 kN, from the analysis is known that the stress that occurs if strengthened with soil geogrid can support the load better by 46,1042 kN/m2, and obtained efficiency of 18,83%.Pembuatan jalan raya di daerah perbukitan memerlukan perhatian terhadap kestabilan tanah tempat badan jalan diletakkan. Pada pelebaran jalan antar kota Girian-Kema, Sulawesi Utara, badan jalan dirancang harus melewati daerah lereng perbukitan yang memiliki kemiringan lereng sekitar 36°. Dalam merancang badan jalan pada daerah perbukitan tersebut harus diperhatikan kestabilan lereng yang berada di kiri dan kanan jalan, kemampuan daya dukung tanah dan struktur lainnya agar jalan berada dalam kondisi aman. Untuk memeriksa keamanan lintasan jalan ini, dipilih tiga lokasi titik yang dianggap paling kritis akan mengalami kegagalan. Pada lokasi tersebut dilakukan analisis kestabilan lereng dengan menggunakan Program aplikasi MIDAS GTS NX dan diperoleh Faktor kemanan paling kritis berkisar antara 1,1 dan 1,4. Untuk mengetahui daya dukung tanah, dihitung kemungkinan jalan mendukung beban yang paling ekstrem menggunakan beban gandar standar 80 kN, dari analisis diketahui bahwa tegangan yang terjadi jika diperkuat dengan geogrid tanah dapat mendukung beban dengan lebih baik sebesar 46,1042 kN/m2, dan diperoleh efisiensi 18,83%.
DESAIN ULANG DAN ANALISIS RESPONS STRUKTURAL PERKERASAN LENTUR PADA JALAN PANTURA RUAS TANGERANG-SERANG
Authors: Putra Jayadi , Tajudin Anissa Noor
Published: March 2021

The highway is a land lanes on the surface of the earth which is made by humans with various sizes, shapes and types of construction so that they can be used to transport the traffic of people, animals, objects and vehicles that transport goods from one place to another practically and fast. Roads that are continuously used can cause damage. Therefore, roads require maintenance per unit time of year. Pantura is the main road on the island of Java which is better known as the National road I, this road network is parallel to the coastline of the island. Then, this route connects national activities between centers. The purpose of this study is to redesign flexible pavement through three methods, namely the 2002, 2013, and 2017 methods, to analyze the structural response of the pavement, and to analyze the damage that occurs on the pavement. In planning the pavement thickness, an effective and efficient method is needed in order to obtain an economical result. Comparison of calculations for the three methods is used. The structural responses reviewed are vertical strain and horizontal strain which can analyze fatigue damage and rutting damage on flexible pavements. The KENPAVE program also assists in the calculation of flexible pavement design and other parameters.ABSTRAKJalan raya merupakan jalur - jalur tanah di atas permukaan bumi yang dibuat oleh manusia dengan macam-macam ukuran, bentuk dan jenis konstruksinya sehingga dapat digunakan untuk menyalurkan lalu lintas orang, hewan, benda dan kendaraan yang mengangkut barang dari suatu tempat ke tempat lainnya dengan praktis dan cepat. Jalan yang terus menerus dipakai dapat menyebabkan kerusakan oleh sebab itu, jalan memerlukan pemeliharaan setiap per satuan waktu dalam tahun. Pantura merupakan jalan utama di Pulau Jawa yang lebih dikenal dengan jalan Nasional I, jaringan jalan ini sejajar dengan garis pantai pulau lokasi tersebut. Kemudian, jalur ini menghubungkan kegiatan nasional antarpusat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendesain ulang perkerasan lentur melalui ketiga metode yaitu metode 2002, 2013, dan 2017, menganalisis respons struktural perkerasan, dan menganalisis kerusakan yang terjadi pada perkerasan. Dalam merencanakan tebal perkerasan jalan diperlukan metode yang efektif dan efisien agar diperoleh hasil yang ekonomis, digunakan perbandingan perhitungan pada ketiga metode tersebut. Respons struktural yang ditinjau adalah regangan vertikal dan regangan horizontal yang dapat menganalisis kerusakan fatik dan kerusakan rutting pada perkerasan lentur. Program KENPAVE juga membantu dalam perhitungan desain perkerasan lentur dan parameter lainnya.
EVALUASI KONDISI 1KM RUAS JALAN M.H. THAMRIN MENGGUNAKAN METODE IRAP UNTUK MENCAPAI STAR RATING 4
Authors: Joshua Andre , Setyarini Ni Luh Putu Shinta Eka
Published: March 2021

The number of road accidents in Indonesia is very high and continues to increase, one of the causes is that there are still many roads that have not applied specific safety principles in their planning designs. To overcome this, it is necessary to implement a strategy to improve road safety using existing methods. In this study, the IRAP method was used to improve the safety of the M.H. Thamrin to achieve a 4 star rating.From the results of the study, it was found that the existing road segment was very good for vehicle occupant because it had reached a 5 star, it was functional for motorcyclist and bicyclist because it had reached 3 stars, but it was still dangerous for pedestrian because only reaches 2 stars. So it is necessary to do a countermeasure to increase the star rating to 4 stars for all road users. So that we get a final star rating of 5 stars on vehicle occupant and motorcyclist, 4 stars for bicyclist and pedestrian. By calculating BCR, the result is more than 1, which means that the treatment option is feasible to be realized.ABSTRAKJumlah kecelakaan di jalan raya di Indonesia sangatlah tinggi dan terus meningkat, salah satu penyebabnya adalah masih banyaknya ruas jalan yang belum menerapkan prinsip-prinsip keselamatan secara khusus dalam desain perencanaannya. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut, perlu dilakukan strategi peningkatkan keselamatan jalan menggunakan metode yang ada. Pada penelitian ini digunakan metode IRAP untuk meningkatkan keselamatan ruas jalan M.H. Thamrin untuk mencapai star rating 4. Dari hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa ruas jalan eksisting sudah sangat bagus bagi moda kendaraan berpenumpang karena sudah mencapai bintang 5, sudah laik fungsi bagi moda sepeda motor dan sepeda karena sudah mencapai bintang 3, namun masih berbahaya bagi pejalan kaki karena hanya mencapai bintang 2. Maka  perlu dilakukan countermeasure untuk meningkatkan star rating menjadi bintang 4 pada semua pengguna jalan. Sehingga didapat star rating akhir bintang 5 pada kendaraan berpenumpang dan sepeda motor, bintang 4 pada pesepeda dan pejalan kaki. Melalui perhitungan BCR didapat hasil lebih dari 1, yang berarti opsi penanganan layak untuk di realisasikan.
METODE VACUUM CONSOLIDATION DENGAN PRELOADING UNTUK MEMPERCEPAT KONSOLIDASI TANAH PADA PERUMAHAN DI TANGERANG
Authors: Sastilaya Jason , Sentosa Gregorius Sandjaja
Published: March 2021

The expansion of housing in big cities cannot be denied given the rapid population growth in Indonesia. One of the areas that is currently expanding housing is Kosambi City, Tangerang. Soil conditions in Kosambi City are soft soil with high moisture content and soil plasticity, low permeability and soil bearing capacity, and high pore water pressure. This soft soil condition makes the consolidation decline take a very long time. To overcome the problem of the length of time for this consolidation settlement, it is necessary to improve the land. Soil improvement is being carried out, namely the method of vaccum consolidation with preloading. The combination of these methods is carried out by installing a vertical drainage system in the form of prefabricated fabricated drain (PVD) in soft soil, then the initial load is given in the form of preloading on the soil. The calculation results show that the amount of consolidation reduction that occurs when clay soil is loaded with a stockpile of 1.2 m high, a water surcharge of 1.3 m and a vaccum load is 0.3929 m and 0.6968 m for 85 years. The combined method of preloading and PVD is proven to be able to accelerate the time of consolidation, where Preloading and PVD are installed in a triangle pattern between 0.80 m to a depth of 12 m, capable of achieving a consolidation degree of 90% within 8 weeksPerluasan perumahan di kota besar tentu tidak dapat dipungkiri mengingat pesatnya pertumbuhan penduduk di Indonesia. Salah satu daerah yang sedang dilakukan perluasan perumahan yaitu Kosambi City, Tangerang. Kondisi tanah di Kosambi City merupakan tanah lunak dengan kadar air dan plastisitas tanah yang tinggi, permeabilitas dan daya dukung tanah yang rendah, serta tingginya tekanan air pori. Kondisi tanah lunak ini membuat penurunan konsolidasi membutuhkan waktu yang sangat lama. Untuk mengatasi masalah lamanya waktu penurunan konsolidasi ini, perlu dilakukan perbaikan tanah. Perbaikan tanah yang dilakukan yaitu metode vaccum consolidation dengan preloading. Kombinasi pada metode ini dilakukan dengan cara memasang sistem drainase vertikal berupa prefabricated fabricated drain (PVD) di dalam tanah lunak, kemudian diberikan beban awal yaitu berupa timbunan (preloading) pada tanah tersebut. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan besar penurunan konsolidasi yang terjadi jika tanah lempung dibebani dengan timbunan setinggi 1,2 m, water surcharge setinggi 1,3 m dan beban vaccum  adalah 0,3929 m dan 0,6968 m selama 85 tahun. Metode kombinasi preloading dan PVD terbukti mampu mempercepat waktu konsolidasi, dimana Preloading dan PVD dipasang dengan pola segitiga berjarak 0,80 m hingga kedalaman 12 m, mampu mencapai derajat konsolidasi 90% dalam waktu 8 minggu.
ANALISIS PENGARUH TEKANAN AIR PORI PADA LERENG YANG DIPERKUAT DENGAN GEOTEKSTIL
Authors: Seprianto Satria , Suhendra Andryan
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTInfrastructure development in Indonesia is growing  rapidly. With the large number of infrastructure developments in various slope topographies, it is one of the locations that is part of this development. The slope area is prone to landslides so that strengthening is necessary. One of the reinforcement that can be done is with geotextiles. In its installation, it is necessary to calculate the correct length and strength of the geotextile for reinforcement. The tensile strength and length of the geotextile as well as the parameters of the embankment affect the safety factor of slope construction. One of the factors being considered is the pore water pressure which reduces the slope strength. So that the results of this study will show how much the influence of pore water pressure on slope reinforcement with geotextiles. After analysis, it was found that the increase of pore water pressure resulted in decreasing of slope safety factor.ABSTRAKPembangunan infarstruktur di Indonesia berkembang sangat pesat. Dengan banyaknya pembangunan imfrastruktur di berbagai topografi lereng menjadi salah satu lokasi yang menjadi bagian dalam pembangunan tersebut. Daerah lereng rawan akan terjadinya longsor sehingga perlu dilakukan perkuatan. Salah perkuatan yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan geotekstil. Dalam pemasangannya dibutuhkan perhitungan panjang dan kuat geotekstil yang tepat untuk perkuatan. Kuat tarik dan panjang geotekstil serta parameter tanah timbunan mempengaruhi faktor keamanan konstruksi lereng. Salah satu faktor yang dipertimbangkan adalah tekanan air pori yang menjadi penurunan kekuatan lereng. Sehingga hasil studi ini akan menunjukkan seberapa besar pengaruh tekanan air pori pada perkuatan lereng dengang geotekstil. Setelah dilakukannya analisis didapatkan bahwa kenaikan tekanan air pori mengakibatkan penurunan nilai faktor keamanan lereng.
STUDI IDENTIFIKASI RISIKO PADA PROYEK INFRASTRUKTUR DI INDONESIA
Authors: Wilwin Wilwin , Sutandi Arianti
Published: March 2021

Infrastructure projects such as buildings and transportation infrastructure have many risks and uncertainties in the implementation process. To minimize this risk, it is necessary to apply risk management in project implementation. In this study, a literature study was conducted to analyze the risk identification methods and potential risks involved in Indonesia's infrastructure projects. An analysis was conducted by comparing the risk identification method and the risk potential in the infrastructure project risk journal collected using the basic mathematic method. Based on research, the most widely discussed identification method is the questionnaire. Furthermore, a risk comparison was carried out in the 2 most discussed categories. The checklist method was carried out so that the material and equipment, and humans were obtained as the most discussed category. The results showed that in building projects, the most discussed risk was the increase in material prices (71%) in the material and equipment category and labor accidents (86%) in the human category. Meanwhile, in transportation infrastructure projects, the most discussed risks were unavailability or shortage of material (67%) in the material and equipment category and the low quality of labor (83%) in the human category. ABSTRAK Proyek infrastruktur seperti bangunan gedung dan prasarana transportasi memiliki banyak risiko dan ketidakpastian dalam proses pelaksanaannya. Untuk meminimalkan risiko tersebut perlu diterapkannya manajemen risiko didalam pelaksanaan proyeknya. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan studi literatur untuk menganalisa metode identifikasi risiko dan potensi risiko yang terdapat pada proyek infrastruktur di Indonesia. Dilakukan analisa dengan melakukan perbandingan metode identifikasi risiko dan potensi risiko pada jurnal risiko proyek infrastruktur yang telah dikumpulkan menggunakan metode matematis sederhana. Berdasarkan penelitian, metode identifikasi yang paling banyak dibahas adalah kuisioner. Selanjutnya dilakukan perbandingan risiko pada 2 kategori yang paling banyak dibahas, penentuan kategori ini dilakukan dengan metode checklist sehingga didapatkan kategori material dan peralatan, dan manusia sebagai kategori yang paling banyak dibahas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada proyek bangunan gedung, risiko yang paling banyak dibahas adalah kenaikan harga material (71%) pada kategori material dan peralatan dan kecelakaan tenaga kerja (86%) pada kategori manusia. Sedangkan pada proyek prasarana transportasi, risiko yang paling banyak dibahas adalah tidak tersedianya atau kekurangan material (67%) pada kategori material dan peralatan dan rendahnya kualitas tenaga kerja (83%) pada kategori manusia.
PEMANFAATAN LAHAN BEKAS TEMPAT PEMBUANGAN AKHIR DENGAN STABILISASI TANAH SECARA KIMIAWI
Authors: Bodhinanda Satya , Prihatiningsih Aniek
Published: March 2021

Landfill soil (TPA) has great potential of utilization in construction purpose. Landfill soil has similar characteristic with clay soil that has high water content also contain organic and inorganic material caused by garbage heap. One of the problem in utilizing landfill soil was the low quality of the soil that cause big settlement for the structure. Settlement was an important aspect in performing a construction. Soil stabilization for the landfill soil needed to decrease amount of settlement. Structure model using one, two, three, four floor of load and calculate the settlement occur on the heaviest load location of the foundation. Foundation base was circle and using shallow foundation reconsidering shallow foundation effective for four floor load. Chemical stabilization using 2 methods: Sodium Hydroxide 6% and Limestone 3-4,5%. Based on the calculation, found that Sodium Hydroxide is more effective in decreasing settlement occurred and able to decrease the settlement until 32,42% for the  floor load. However, those methods can’t fulfil the 15 cm settlement limit. Tanah bekas tempat pembuangan akhir (TPA) memiliki potensi besar untuk dimanfaatkan dalam bidang konstruksi. Tanah bekas TPA umumnya memiliki karakteristik serupa dengan tanah lempung berkadar air serta memiliki material organik dan anorganik dari timbunan sampah. Salah satu masalah dalam memanfaatkan tanah bekas TPA adalah rendahnya kualitas tanah yang mengakibatkan penurunan besar pada struktur. Perbaikan pada tanah bekas TPA diperlukan untuk mengurangi besarnya penurunan yang terjadi. Penurunan merupakan aspek penting dalam suatu perancangan konstruksi, maka dari itu batasan pada penurunan ditetapkan untuk menghindari penurunan yang berlebihan yang dapat merusak struktur. Permodelan menggunakan beban struktur 1,2,3, dan 4 lantai dan dihitung penurunan yang terjadi pada fondasi dengan beban struktur terbesar. Penampang fondasi berbentuk lingkaran mempertimbangkan beban percobaan hingga 4 lantai cocok untuk fondasi dangkal. Stabilisasi tanah secara kimiawi menggunakan 2 metode yaitu Sodium Hidroksida 6% dan batu kapur 3-4,5%. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan, didapati stabilisasi menggunakan Sodium Hidroksida lebih efektif dalam mengurangi penurunan tanah yang terjadi dan mampu mengurangi besarnya penurunan hingga 32,42% pada beban struktur 4 lantai. Namun, stabilisasi tanah menggunakan kedua metode belum dapat mencapai batas aman penurunan sebesar 15 cm.
Możliwości wykorzystania analizy płynności finansowej do oceny zdolności płatniczej oraz zagrożenia kontynuacji działania na podstawie danych zawartych w sprawozdaniach finansowych Zakładów Mięsnych Henryk Kania SA
Authors: Kuciński Andrzej
Published: March 2021

Użytkownicy sprawozdań finansowych oczekują, aby informacje finansowe prezentowane w raportach finansowych były wiarygodne, rzetelne oraz prawdziwe. Sprawozdanie finansowe jest przedmiotem badania przez niezależnego biegłego rewidenta, który wydaje opinię o prawidłowości jego sporządzenia. W artykule za cel przyjęto przeprowadzenie oceny płynności finansowej Zakładów Mięsnych Henryk Kania SA oraz ustalenie tego, czy dane finansowe prezentowane w sprawozdaniu finansowym pozwalały jego użytkownikom wyznaczyć prawdziwy obraz zdolności płatniczej przedsiębiorstwa. W opracowaniu przyjęto założenie, że opinia niezależnego biegłego rewidenta zwiększa wiarygodność informacji finansowych prezentowanych w sprawozdaniu finansowym. Z przeprowadzonej analizy płynności finansowej ZM Henryk Kania wynikało, że problemy związane z utrzymaniem zdolności płatniczej w przedsiębiorstwie narastały w czasie, determinując ryzyko utraty zdolności do kontynuacji jego działalności. Odmowa wydania opinii z badania przez biegłego rewidenta budziła uzasadnione obawy użytkowników informacji, czy dane finansowe prezentowane przez spółkę w sprawozdaniu finansowym pozwalały nakreślić prawdziwy obraz zdolności płatniczej przedsiębiorstwa.
Tropienie użytkowe jako forma rekreacji ruchowej w Polsce
Authors: Warcholik Witold , Chmielowska Dorota
Published: March 2021

Celem pracy była charakterystyka osób uprawiających tropienie użytkowe (mantrailing) w Polsce. Profil uczestnika i motywy uprawiania mantrailingu, określone na podstawie wyników badań ankietowych, zostały uzupełnione definicjami i aktualnym stanem wiedzy na temat tropienia użytkowego. Zwrócono uwagę na konieczność podjęcia dalszych badań, przyczyniających się do lepszego poznania i zrozumienia tej dynamicznie rozwijającej się formy rekreacji. Podstawowymi motywami uprawiania mantrailingu w Polsce jest określenie potrzeb i predyspozycji psa oraz chęć poznania jego cech bezpośrednio w warunkach pracy w terenie. Dla amatorów tropienia użytkowego zdawanie egzaminów i uzyskiwanie certyfikatów w tym zakresie nie jest istotne, podobnie jak aspekt rywalizacji między ich psami. Zaliczają mantrailing do całorocznych czynności plenerowych, w każdych warunkach terenowych. Uprawiają go najczęściej raz w tygodniu, ze względu na intensywność wysiłku zaliczając do czynności średnio intensywnych, a ze względu na stopień złożoności technicznej – do średnio trudnych. Zdecydowana większość osób uprawiających tropienie użytkowe jest sprawna fizycznie i podobnie jak w większości aktywności związanych z psami, liczebnie przeważają kobiety. Listę ras psów mantrailingowych cechuje ogromna różnorodność. W większości opinii brak też zdecydowanych wskazań ras preferowanych w tropieniu użytkowym. Głównymi czynnikami mogącymi negatywnie wpływać na popularyzowanie mantrailingu w Polsce są ograniczenia czasowe i finansowe.
PEMBERDAYAAN UMKM DI KECAMATAN RA’AS MELALUI PENDAMPINGAN STANDARISASI PRODUK DAN KEMASAN
Authors: Anekawati Anik , Yuliastina Roos , Isdiantoni Isdiantoni , Syahril Syahril , Purwanto Edy , Hidayaturrahman Mohammad
Published: March 2021

Kegiatan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (PkM) ini berupaya meningkatkan kemampuan pelaku UMKM dalam mengelola produk yang dihasilkan menjadi produk unggulan Kecamatan Ra’as. Kegiatan ini melakukan pendampingan standarisasi mutu produk, inovasi produk, perbaikan pengemasan, branding dan pemasaran, serta pembentukan kelompok usaha bersama untuk meningkatkan kemampuan daya tawar pasar. Metode pelaksanaannya terdiri dari 4 tahapan yakni (1). Survey UMKM di Kecamatan Ra’as di 9 desa; (2) Focus Group Discussion (FGD); (3) Pelatihan dan pendampingan UMKM; (4). Monitoring pasca pendampingan. Hasil survei menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 113 UMKM yang tersebar di 9 desa Kecamatan Ra’as. Jumlah tersebut terdiri dari 78 UMKM yang bergerak di bidang makanan atau minuman dan 35 di bidang kerajinan. Hasil kegiatan FGD adalah mengklarifikasi hasil survei UMKM dan menentukan produk unggulan. Hasil pelatihan dan pendampingan UMKM antara lain standarisasi produk ikan kering, standarisasi kemasan, pembuatan merek dan logo, pelatihan diversifikasi produk baru dari bahan jagung lokal, pelatihan pemasaran online, dan sosialisasi desain awal marketplace.
Discipline Policies in Urban Educational Contexts: Approaches, Barriers, and Restorative Justice
Authors: Balch-Crystal Elizabeth
Published: March 2021

Beginning in the late twentieth century, a surge in school violence associated with racism and urban poverty has sparked increased use of punitive approaches to school discipline, and these high-stakes approaches have become normalized in school districts nationwide. “Discipline” at the classroom and school level, understood as the procedures and interactions between students and teacher surrounding behaviors deemed inappropriate, have historically been grouped into two domains: punitive discipline and restorative justice. Punitive justice methods increased their domination in urban classrooms throughout the 90’s and early 2000’s but in the last decade or so, a new wave of conflict-resolution-based discipline has emerged in the form of restorative justice practices. In this paper, I will outline the pedagogical bases and development of each approach and, based on data and scholarly analysis, contend that restorative justice techniques are more effective in lowering instances of misconduct and creating a successful learning environment. I will present statistics on the effect and success levels of each, as well as case studies exemplifying the implementation of each discipline strategy. In my analysis of punitive discipline, I will, in part, focus specifically on the argument that these policies are particularly detrimental to boys of color. I will then pose the question: If the research is so conclusive, why aren’t more schools transitioning from punitive discipline to restorative justice techniques? I argue that the foremost barriers to this transition are an ill-placed emphasis on safety in schools, and an unfounded perception of racial threat to order in the classroom.
The Erasure of Black Women
Authors: Anderson Tamara D. , Anderson Maya
Published: March 2021

To what do we owe Black women? Everything. To be Black and female in America means that you are ignored, silenced, and sometimes erased. the very fabric of history would be quite different for all of us without the contributions, tears, blood, and love of Black women. As a result of the intersection of patriarchy and white supremacy, Black women are too often left exhausted, overworked, and left out of the historical narrative. This multi-modal creative work is a call to action to end the erasure of Black women with scholarship, visual art, and poetry.
Down the Rabbit Hole: A Fantastical First Year of Teaching
Authors: Dell'Angelo Tabitha , DeGenova Maria
Published: March 2021

Interviews and observations of first year teachers in the northeastern United States were used to construct a comic. The comic communicates the excitement, fears, and competing demands of a beginning teacher. The dialogue and setting are presented as surrealist to help the reader gain an understanding of the affective realities that the teachers expressed when describing their early teaching experiences. This approach allows for the multiple dimensions of the teachers’ lived experiences to be experienced in ways that a traditional text does not allow. The work takes a critical look at the transition of beginning teachers into their careers and is meant to trouble notions of standardization in both teacher preparation and curriculum design. This arts-based approach recognizes performance as both a method of investigation and representation (Worthen, 1998). Given that public education is often a prominent part of societal discourse, this modality allows the reader the opportunity to make meaning of the data by experiencing the words on the page (Leavy, 2009). The illustrations allow the reader to experience the words differently than traditional text. In this way, dramatizing the data is a form of critical pedagogy (Denzin, 2006).
Mob Ideology or Democracy: Analyzing Taiping Rebellion’s Defeat and Revolution of 1911’s Triumph in Ending the Qing Dynasty
Authors: Mao Bincheng
Published: March 2021

This paper investigates the underlying factors that caused the Qing Dynasty of China to survive the Taiping Rebellion yet crumbled upon the Revolution of 1911. It first examines the ideological differences between the two attempts of regime change, followed by an exploration into the extent of foreign interference in determining the outcomes of the two events. Subsequently, the author analyzes the conflict between the constitutionalists and the absolute monarchists within the Qing court during the time of the Revolution in 1911. Ultimately, this paper concludes that the Qing dynasty survived the Taiping Rebellion yet crumbled upon the Xinhai Revolution because the latter’s San-min Doctrine, also known as the “Three Principles of the People,” drew support from within the Qing regional governments as its ideology gave them hopes of preserving powers, while the Taiping Rebellion’s mob ideology achieved the contrary; on top of this, the Revolution of 1911 faced a Qing government weakened by internal conflicts over constitutional reforms, and it also successfully prevented foreign powers from intervening on behalf of the falling imperial dynasty.
Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle: The Spolia of Late Antique and Early Christian Rome
Authors: Schwartz Jacqueline D.
Published: March 2021

The architectural landscape of present-day Rome is a physical history lesson in the use of spolia; ancient marble blocks lie embedded in medieval fortresses, pieces of aqueducts appear in walls, and decorative columns sit recontextualized in grand cathedrals. Spolia refers to the intentional reuse of materials or artifacts in the creation of new structures, and when examined critically it can reveal the history surrounding the many lives the materials have lived. During the transitional phase between late antique Rome and early Christian Rome, the use of spolia reached an all time high. The emergence of Christianity in Rome coupled with the political and economic decline of the empire created a demand for large amounts of cheap building material. With Gaulish invaders to the north, Romans found themselves in dire need of fortification. In addition to the convenience of spolia in mass building projects like the Aurelian Wall, the use of spolia emerged as a way to reconcile the past and present of Rome amidst its rapidly shifting social climate. Clergymen and emperors alike had to recontextualize the physical landscape of the city to fit a modern, Christian framework.
An Interesting Foreign Body In Urinary System: Metal Clips
Authors: ŞENOL Cem , KAYA Coskun
Published: March 2021

Migration of surgical materials into the urinary system is a rare situation. Forgotten and/or fragmented ureteral stents were defined more frequently as foreign bodies in urinary system in the literature. But surgical clips migration is an interesting case. In this paper, we aim to present a 31-year-old man with a medical history of multiple urinary operations. We extracted two metal clips, one of them was from the ureter and the other from the renal pelvis of this patient. The case is discussed in the light of the literature.
Evaluation of the Relationship Between HbA1C Values of Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes and Anthropometric Measurements of Their Newborn
Authors: DENİZ DOĞAN Birgül , PALA Emin , ERSOY Suleyman , DOĞAN Murat
Published: March 2021

AIM: In our study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between the HbA1c values of pregnant women who admitted to Umraniye Training and Research Hospital and diagnosed with GDM and the anthropometric measurements of the newborns.

MATERIAL AND METHOD: 200 pregnant women with gestational diabetes between the ages of 18 and 43 with sufficient data were accepted to our study Also, 200 healthy pregnant women formed the control group. The data of both groups were statistically compared.

RESULTS:. Gravidity of pregnant women was 1-8 and parity 1-7 and all between 27-42 gestational weeks. HbA1c values ranged from 4.3 to 8.3. The height of the babies was between 30 and 57 cm, birth weight between 800 and 4760 grams, and head circumference between 22 and 65 cm. While 1st minute apgar values varied between 2 and 9, 5th minute apgar values varied between 4 and 10. While 55.3% of the pregnant women had a normal birth, 44.7% of them had cesarean section. 95.5% of HbA1c values were less than 6.5 and 4.5% of them were at least 6.5. 45% of the newborns were girls and 55% were boys. 7% were low birth weight, 87% normal weight and 6% macrosomic. While 21.5% of newborns had complications, 78.5% had no complications.

CONCLUSION: The complication rate was higher in pregnant women with GDM and cesarean rate was higher due to increasing birth weight in our study.
The Diversity of Famlily Lauraceae Juss. in Pu Mat National Park, Nghe An Province
Authors: Dai Do Ngoc , Huong Le Thi , Chau Dao Thi Minh , Cuong Nguyen Tien , Truong Nguyen Cong , Hong Le Thi
Published: March 2021

This paper presents some results of research on family Lauraceae in Pu Mat National Park, Nghe An province, from 2015 to 2017. Total 90 species belonging to 13 genus of Lauraceae family were collected and identified. There were1 genera and 22 species found as new records for the plant list of Pu Mat published in 2017. Cinnamomum was the richest genus (26 species), then followed by Litsea (24 species), Lindera (8 species), and other genera (1 to 6 species). In Lauraceae of Pu Mat National Park there are 4 threatened species listed in the Red Data Book of Viet Nam (2007) are Cinnamomum parthenoxylon, Actinodaphne elliptibacca, Cinnamomum balansae, Cinnamomum cambodianum. The number of useful plant species of the Lauraceae is categorized as follows: 60 species for timber, 50 species supply essential oil, 34 species as medicinal plants, 13 species for ornamental, 3 species for edible and ornamental. The Spectrum of Biology (SB) of the Lauraceae in Pu Mat is summarized, as follows: Ph% = 11.11%Mg + 50.00%Me + 36.67%Mi + 1.11%Na + 1.11Pp. The Lauraceae in Pu Mat National park are mainly comprised of the tropical element (37.78%), endemic element (57.78%), temperate element (2.22%) and crops element (2.22%).
Physico-chemical Characterization of Forest and Agricultural Residues for Energy Conversion Processes
Authors: Nam Nguyen Hong , Truc Le Gia Thanh , Anh Khuong Duy , Steene Laurent Van De
Published: March 2021

Agricultural and forest residues are potential sources of renewable energy in various countries. However, the difference in characteristics of biomass resources presents challenges for energy conversion processes which often require feedstocks that are physically and chemically consistent. This study presented a complete and comprehensive database of characteristics of a wide range of agricultural and forest residues. Moisture, bulk density, calorific value, proximate and elemental compositions, as well as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin compositions of a wide range of biomass residues were analyzed. The major impacts of the variability in biomass compositions to biochemical and thermochemical processes were also discussed.
Electronic Structures of Homodinuclear Platinum(II), Palladium(II) and Gold(I) Complexes Featuring Janus-type Benzoxazolin-2-ylidene Linkers
Authors: Ha Nguyen Van , Hang Nguyen Thi Thu
Published: March 2021

Electronic structures of a series of three homodinuclear platinum(II), palladium(II) and gold(I) complexes featuring Janus-type benzoxazolin-2-ylidene bridges and N,N-diisopropyl benzimidazolin-2-ylidene auxiliary ligands have been investigated. The gas-phase molecular structures of all compounds were first optimized using B3PW91 functional and SDD/6-31G(d) combination of basis sets. The nature of their frontier orbitals were then examined. The higher energy occupied molecular orbitals are predominantly d orbital of the metal in combination with p orbital of N,N-diisopropyl benzimidazolin-2-ylidene. On the other hand, the lower energy unoccupied molecular orbitals are p orbitals of the benzoxazolin-2-ylidene. TD-DFT calculations reveal that all the complexes require high energy ultraviolet photon for excitation and photoexcitations form excited state with decreased electron density on metal centers.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in road dust collected from Quang Ninh: Contamination levels and potential sources
Authors: Ngoc Nguyen Thuy , Kim Truong Thi , Anh Phan Thi Lan , Anh Duong Hong , Vi Phung Thi , Viet Pham Hung
Published: March 2021

Twenty road dust samples were collected from Ha Long and Cam Pha cities in Quang Ninh province for analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on the USEPA priority pollutant list. Total concentrations of sixteen PAHs in road dust samples of Ha Long and Cam Pha ranged from 232 - 593 ng/g d.w (average: 399 ng/g d.w) and 297 - 1624 ng/g d.w (average: 780 ng/g d.w), respectively. Proportitions of invididiuals were decreased in the order Phe (21% ± 13%) > Pyr (12% ± 6%) > Nap~Fluth (11% ± 6%) > BbF (10% ± 8%), suggesting the similar composition of analyzed PAHs in road dust at two cities. Based on the common diagnostic ratios for the identification of PAHs emission sources, the Fluth/(Fluth+Pyr) ratio (average: 0.43, range: 0.29-0.60), the BaA/(BaA+Chr) ratio (average: 0.30, range: 0.08-0.38), the IcdP/(IcdP+BghiP) ratio (average: 0.30, range: 0.22-0.46) and the BaP/BghiP ratio (average: 0.47 < 0.9) indicated that emissions from traffic activities may be the important sources of PAHs in Quang Ninh.
Response of paddy field cyanobacterium, Westiellopsis prolifica Janet to the inorganic nitrogenous fertilizers
Authors: Shamina Mamiyil
Published: March 2021

Cyanobacteria are prokaryotic nitrogen fixing microorganism which played a significant role in the nitrogen fixation and contributed much to the submerged rice cropping system of the world. It can luxuriantly flourish in paddy fields and providing nitrogen as well as various growth promoting substances that influence the growth of paddy plants. India, being an important rice producing country of the world, depends upon various inorganic fertilizers for rice cultivation. The heterocystous cyanobacterium, Westiellopsis prolifca is a common inhabitant in most of the paddy fields of Kerala. The growth and other biochemical parameters upon the growth of cyanobacterium were assayed. The nitrogenous fertilizer ammonium sulphate influences the chlorophyll-a synthesis, protein content and growth rate. But the ammonia excretion was drastically reduced in cyanobacterial cultures upon the treatment with inorganic fertilizers.
Ideological conflicts between Bolsheviks and Left Social Revolutionaries in the regional government branches
Authors: Kontsevoi Il'ya Anatol'evich
Published: March 2021

This article examines the interaction between the representatives of Bolsheviks and Left Social Revolutionaries in the regional government branches during the first half of 1918. The subject of this research is the ideological conflicts that emerged between the members of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the Left Social Revolutionaries in their joint activity. Considerable attention is given to classification of the ideological conflicts, as well as to identification of their causes and consequences for interaction of the representatives of both parties on the local level. These conflicts were an integral part of the Soviet bipartite system. Their manifestation began since dissolution of the government coalition of Bolsheviks and Left Social Revolutionaries. Based on the analysis of archival documents and published sources, the author describes the interaction between Bolsheviks and Left Social Revolutionaries in the local soviets. The novelty consists in classification of the conflicts between Bolsheviks and Left Social Revolutionaries, as well as in introduction into the scientific discourse of certain archival documents. The conclusion is made that despite the joint activity of the two parties aimed at strengthening of the Soviet regime, the ideological conflicts demonstrated a different perspective of Bolsheviks and Left Social Revolutionaries upon the political course of the country, as well as the methods of local governance. The escalating antagonism between the two Soviet parties eventually led to instability in the bipartite system and its collapse.