bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Human body posture recognition algorithm for still images
Authors: Yu Naigong , Lv Jian
Published: May 2020

Aiming at the low accuracy and poor robustness of the current algorithm based on manual features, this study proposed a posture recognition method combining joint point information with convolutional neural network. The deformable convolution is used in the proposed method to improve the stacked hourglass model, so that it can extract the position of the human joint point accurately. At the same time, the convolutional neural network structure is designed to analyse the position information and confidence of the joint point autonomously, and extract the intrinsic link of the joint point of the human body. Finally, the softmax classifier is used to determine the pose category. Experimental verification has been carried out on the Willow data set. Moreover, the recognition accuracy demonstrates the effectiveness and superiority of the improved method.
Gap, shadows, spirals, and streamers: SPHERE observations of binary-disk interactions in GG Tauri A
Authors: Keppler M. , Penzlin A. , Benisty M. , van Boekel R. , Henning T. , van Holstein R. G. , Kley W. , Garufi A. , Ginski C. , Brandner W. , Bertrang G. H.-M. , Boccaletti A. , de Boer J. , Bonavita M. , Brown Sevilla S. , Chauvin G. , Dominik C. , Janson M. , Langlois M. , Lodato G. , Maire A.-L. , Ménard F. , Pantin E. , Pinte C. , Stolker T. , Szulágyi J. , Thebault P. , Villenave M. , Zurlo A. , Rabou P. , Feautrier P. , Feldt M. , Madec F. , Wildi F.
Published: May 2020

Context.A large portion of stars is found to be part of binary or higher-order multiple systems. The ubiquity of planets found around single stars raises the question of whether and how planets in binary systems form. Protoplanetary disks are the birthplaces of planets, and characterizing them is crucial in order to understand the planet formation process.

Aims.Our goal is to characterize the morphology of the GG Tau A disk, one of the largest and most massive circumbinary disks. We also aim to trace evidence for binary-disk interactions.

Methods.We obtained observations in polarized scattered light of GG Tau A using the SPHERE/IRDIS instrument in theH-band filter. We analyzed the observed disk morphology and substructures. We ran 2D hydrodynamical models to simulate the evolution of the circumbinary ring over the lifetime of the disk.

Results.The disk and also the cavity and the inner region are highly structured, with several shadowed regions, spiral structures, and streamer-like filaments. Some of these are detected here for the first time. The streamer-like filaments appear to connect the outer ring with the northern arc. Their azimuthal spacing suggests that they may be generated through periodic perturbations by the binary, which tear off material from the inner edge of the outer disk once during each orbit. By comparing observations to hydrodynamical simulations, we find that the main features, in particular, the gap size, but also the spiral and streamer filaments, can be qualitatively explained by the gravitational interactions of a binary with a semimajor axis of ~35 au on an orbit coplanar with the circumbinary ring.
A novel real-time safety level calculation approach based on STPA
Authors: Zeleskidis Apostolos , Dokas Ioannis M. , Papadopoulos Basil
Published: May 2020

This paper proposes a novel approach to dynamic safety level calculation for safety-critical systems based on the STAMP accident model and the implementation of a mathematical model. The proposed approach utilises (1) an STPA hazard analysis applied to the system in question, (2) system operational data from domain experts regarding process duration and reaction times, and (3) real-time system data. The STPA analysis is transformed into acyclic diagrams that graphically indicate every possible sequence of safety constraint violations that could lead to a loss (path). Based on this diagram the safety level (SL) of a system is defined as $ {\rm{SL}} = {\overrightarrow {\rm{p}} _w} $ where $ {\overrightarrow {\rm{p}} _w} $ is the most detrimental to safety path which is active for any possible time value or context in the system’s operation. This approach is also demonstrated using as a case study the “classical” Train Door STPA analysis example. This paper aims to introduce a new perspective on the problem of measuring and managing the actual safety level of highly complex socio-technical systems in real time and discusses related limitations and future research opportunities of this approach.
Expediency of ATO in heavy rail: A survey for the Dutch Railways
Authors: Akbari M. , Hoogewoonink B. , Godziejewsk B. , Rajabalinejad M.
Published: May 2020

Automatic train operation (ATO) is a relatively new trend in heavy rail. While technical specifications define system and function requirements, implementation and adoption of ATO requires a business case. In this research we have developed a framework which could indicate if a corridor is suitable for automatic operation or not. We have approached this challenge by using product development methods such as QFD (Quality Function Deployment) and methods developed specifically for this study. The results indicate that ATO could influence performance, time to market and costs with respect to manual operation. The influence depends on the characteristics of a corridor, corridor segmenting as well as the operational procedures. The positive influence of ATO, considering the current state of the Dutch railways, could be limited and there may be additional challenges.
Finite element modelling of carbon fiber - carbon nanostructure - polymer hybrid composite structures
Authors: Georgantzinos Stelios K. , Markolefas Stylianos I. , Mavrommatis Stamatis A. , Stamoulis Konstantinos P.
Published: May 2020

The present study deals with the numerical modelling of hybrid laminated composites, which can be proved especially useful in the engineering and maintenance of advanced aerospace primary structures. The lamina is comprised of continuous carbon fibers, thermosetting epoxy polymer matrix, as well as carbon nanostructures, such as graphene or carbon nanotubes, inclusions. Halpin-Tsai equations combined with results obtained from nanomechanical analysis are employed in order to evaluate the elastic properties of the carbon nanostructure/polymer matrix. Then, the obtained elastic properties of the hybrid matrix are used to calculate the orthotropic macro-mechanical properties of the unidirectional composite lamina. A hybrid composite plate is modelled as a 2D structure via the utilization of 4-node, quadrilateral, stress/displacement shell finite elements with reduced integration formulation. The convergence and analysis accuracy are tested. The mechanical performance of the hybrid composites is investigated by considering specific configurations and applying appropriate loading and boundary conditions. The results are compared with the corresponding ones found in the open literature, where it is possible.
An intelligent data filtering and fault detection method for gas turbine engines
Authors: Fentaye Amare D. , Kyprianidis Konstantinos G.
Published: May 2020

In a gas turbine fault diagnostics, the removal of measurement noise and data outliers prior to the fault analysis is very essential. The conventional filtering methods, particularly the linear ones, are not sufficiently accurate, which might possibly lead to the loss of critically important features in the fault analysis process. Conversely, the recorded accuracies obtained from the non-linear filters are promising. Recently, the focus has been shifted to the artificial neural network (ANN) based nonlinear filters due to their capability of providing a robust identity map between the input and output data, which can be efficiently exploited in the process of fault diagnosis. This paper aims to present combined auto-associative neural network (AANN) and K-nearest neighbor (KNN) based noise reduction and fault detection method for a gas turbine engine application. The performance of the developed method has been evaluated using data obtained from a model simulation. The test results revealed that the developed hybrid method is more effective and reliable than the conventional methods for the fault detection of the gas turbine engine with negligible false alarms and missed detections.
Prüfungsthema: Druck
Authors: Schmid Eva C.
Published: May 2020

In diesem HPA-Prüfungstrainer beschäftigen sich alle Fragen mit dem Thema Druck.
Hypertonie x 5
Authors: Uphoff Angelika
Published: May 2020

Die essenzielle Hypertonie ist mit etwa 90 % aller Fälle die häufigste Form des Bluthochdrucks; drei von vier Patienten über 60 Jahre nehmen Blutdrucksenker ein. Der Beitrag stellt Ihnen fünf Fallbeispiele der essenziellen Hypertonie aus der Klassischen Homöopathie vor. Der gemeinsame Nenner: psychischer Stress als Mitursache. Aufgrund der sehr unterschiedlichen Symptombilder wird in jedem Fall ein anderes Mittel benötigt: Calcium carbonicum, Argentum nitricum, Sepia, Staphisagria und Nux vomica.
Herbarium für zu Hause
Authors: Grappendorf Doris
Published: May 2020

Eine Schritt-für-Schritt-Anleitung, um ein eigenes Herbarium herzustellen.
Den Kopf über Wasser halten
Authors: Nagersheth Kalyani , Mittwede Martin
Published: May 2020

In Stresssituationen kommen bei Menschen laut Ayurveda die Eigenschaften stärker zum Vorschein, die den vorherrschenden Doshas entsprechen. Der Ayurveda kennt bei Stress und Stresssymptomen sowohl konstitutionstypische als auch allgemeine Maßnahmen der Therapie und Prophylaxe. Der zentrale Punkt der ayurvedischen Tagesroutine ist die Selbsteinölung. Sie wirkt unter anderem stärkend, schützend und entgiftend.
Stellarator impurity transport experiments show a favorable anomalous transport mechanism
Authors: Frank Jodi Ackerman
Published: May 2020

The finding contradicts conventional neoclassical theory for impurity transport.
Shape variation of the prawn Macrobrachium jelskii (Palaemonidae: Decapoda) in the Neotropical semiarid drainages: an intra- and inter-basin investigation
Authors: Moraes Sávio A. S. N. , Alencar Carlos E. R. D. , Lima Sergio M. Q. , Freire Fúlvio A. M.
Published: May 2020

The present study aims to show the intra- and inter-basin body-shape variations of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium jelskii (Miers, 1877) in Brazilian Neotropical semiarid basins, quantifying relations to address if its occurrence is old and natural or recent and artificial (anthropic). We used a geometric-morphometric tool to explore patterns of shape variation of the cephalothorax, abdomen and cheliped regarding eco-evolutionary traces (sexual dimorphism, hydrodynamism and geographical isolation) among the drainages. The sexual shape dimorphism was observed in cephalothorax and abdomen of females, which presented more horizontally stretched than in males, possibly favouring gonadal development, vitellogenesis and egg attachment. No apparent hydrodynamic trend was observed in the morpho-space. Moreover, no consensus was shown in the morpho-space about the geographic isolation in semiarid basins regarding the three body-structure planes. However, the abdominal plane indicates a low population/basin structure, which can be an indirect reflection of variations of vitellogenesis in eggs modulated by environmental factors. Furthermore, morphometric variations show low phenotypic plasticity, which is supported by the literature, indicating a scenario of non-natural distribution.
Trace metals and nutrients in lake sediments in the Province of Bali, Indonesia: a baseline assessment linking potential sources
Authors: Irdhawati  , Manuruang Manuntun , Reichelt-Brushett Amanda
Published: May 2020

Bali, Indonesia, receives over 6 million tourists annually, placing demand on resources and infrastructure that competes with expectations of natural beauty. Strongly linked to tourism are highly productive small-scale crafts industries and intensive small-scale agriculture and aquaculture production. Concentrations of nutrients, trace metals and metalloids were determined in soils from various land uses and solid-waste containment areas associated with small-scale industries, along with sediments from Lake Beratan, Lake Tamblingan, Lake Buyan, Lake Batur and the Badung River estuary. Soil associated with laboratory waste storage, and some sediments, exceeded guideline values for mercury or copper. Concentrations of other metals in soils and sediments were consistently below guidelines values, except zinc in solid waste collected from batik production (i.e. fabric-dyeing operations). Waste from batik production contained elevated concentrations of trace metals and nutrients (phosphorus and potassium), but replicates were highly variable. Lake sediments were enriched with phosphorus and nitrogen, likely from agricultural runoff. This important baseline information highlights the value of lake-protection measures in place, identifies risks to environmental health and provides focus for improving the management of contaminant sources to prevent further impacts.
5G Channel Model for 28 GHz frequency in Palembang
Authors: Alfaresi B , Nawawi Z , Malik R F , Anwar K
Published: May 2020

Next generation wireless technology require a wide frequency band. Current technology use a frequency of below 3 GHz which cannot provide a wide frequency band due to quite dense frequency utilization. The mm-Wave frequency guarantee to provide a wide band frequency band. The use of mm-Wave frequency will be influenced by climate factors. The characteristics of a place will cause a different channel model. Channel Model is useful for minimizes errors and maximizes information transmission or bitrate in communication model. The Channel Model will be represented as a PDP (Power Delay Profile). Channel model performance uses the Outage performance parameter in Shannon Theorem Implementation. Validation results using the CP-OFDM system with 5G BPSK. The parameters used for validation are FER and BER. In this paper, channel models will be analysed based on the characteristic of Palembang area as a reference channel model in Outer of Indonesia. Hopefully, it can be used as a reference for the development 5G wireless system.
Ultrasonic Sensor Application As A Performance Enhancement Of Robot Two Wheels
Authors: Irdayanti Yeni , Kusumanto Rd , Anisah Masayu , Alfarizal Niksen , Erman Zarmariesyah
Published: May 2020

In this paper, Robot Two Wheels are developed further to improve performance or intelligence. A Robot Two Wheels is a robot that can move and balance itself on two wheels, maintain its position upright of the earth’s surface on a flat plane. The design includes the Arduino Mega 2560, accelerometer and gyroscope sensors, as well as proportional Integral Derivative (PID) control as the controlling method. Proportional Integral Derivative control is used to determine the magnitude of the DC Motor’s speed and rotary direction as the driver, based on the robotic body’s tilt angle to the surface of the flat plane. The angle of inclination is taken into consideration and the robot moves either in the forward or backward direction to balance itself. When operated, the self-balancing robot continuously rotates its motor in its efforts to balance at upright position. The self-balancing robot movement is not mapped to its range, where the robot will still move randomly to achieve balanced conditions. The concept of this paper is expand the ability of the robot to sense objects around it which is by adding an ultrasonic sensor as an object detector around it, including obstacles or walls around self balancing robots. Detection of obstructions by ultrasonic sensors will maintain the movement of the robot in the safe area to avoid the impact that can occur when the robot is trying to maintain balance.
Effects of Grid Frequency Drop on the Dynamic Performance of Full Converter Wind Turbine Generator
Authors: Shiddiq Yunus A. M. , Saini Makmur , Suwasti Sri , Purwito Purwito
Published: May 2020

Recently, wind turbine generators connected to the grid is increased significantly. It has reached about 540 GW worldwide installation in the mid of 2018. One of the popular wind turbine types is Full Converter Wind Turbine Generator (FCWTG). It has a capability in extracting more energy compared to fixed speed type and also could contribute some amount of reactive power when the grid is required. Although frequency deviation rarely occurs in a grid side, it might be important to investigate the effects to FCWTG as FCWTG is very sensitive to a grid fault. In this paper, a deviation of frequency at the grid side is applied to investigate the dynamic performance of FCWTG during the rise and down frequency at the grid side. The system under study is carried out using Matlab/Simulink and the simulation results show that the grid frequency drop of 47.5 Hz has been started to cause the unstable dynamic performance of FCWTG. The worse scenario of grid frequency drop of 45 Hz could even lead the FCWTG to get damage.
Modified Design of Water Metering System
Authors: Latifah Husni Nyayu , Dampito  , Abdurrahman  , Evelina  , Silvia Handayani ade , Rasyad Sabilal , Anisah Masayu
Published: May 2020

The analog flow meter has been widely used in Regional Water Supply Company (PDAM) to measure the amount of water flow consumed by PDAM customer. This analog flow meter has an inadequacy in converting water consumed into rupiah billing system. In this research, a modified design of water metering system was proposed. A system involving water flow sensor to detect water flow velocity in the form of pulses as the inputs of microcontroller was analyzed. The output of the flow sensor will be converted as information of how much water consumed and how much money (in Rupiah Currency) should be paid to the water company. These outputs will be delivered through SMS using SIM 800L. The result of the experiments show that the proposed modified design of the water metering system could fulfill the standard of the metering system.
Detection of Polymer Insulator Surface Based on the Effects of Tropical Climate Using Partial Discharge Signals Measurement
Authors: Sitompul Carlos , Nawawi Zainuddin , Jambak Irfan
Published: May 2020

One important component in the high voltage overhead lines placed on the transmission tower is the insulator. When polymer insulators are installed in tropical climates, there will be two conditions occurs, such as: i) the changes from wet to dry will cause the pollutant particles in the air will attach to the surface of the insulator. This condition will cause the sedimentation on the surface of the insulator; ii) the changes from dry to wet will form a conductive layer that leads to the leakage current flow. The flow of leakage current leads to the formation of dry-band on the surface. The formation of a dry band creates an electric arc or PD and can eventually cause a flashover insulator. Laboratory experiments were carried out at different levels of pollution and RH. PD signals in the form of leakage current flowing to the ground are transformed by HFCT. PD patterns are collected through an innovative PD detection system. PD signals measured in the form of PRPD patterns are evaluated using the concept of equivalent band-width and time-length equivalent to understand the pollution performance of polymer insulators. The width of the frequency field produced from the experiment can be the basic of analysing the severity of the surface pollution of outdoor polymer insulators.
Mechanical Degradation Model of Porous Fe Scaffold: Simulation Approach
Authors: Teguh Prakoso Akbar , Rendiko Ichsan Achmad , Syahrom Ardiyansyah , Putra Md Saad Amir , Hadi Abdul Wahab Abdul , Sulong M. A. , Mohd Ghazali F.A. , Basri Hasan
Published: May 2020

This paper proposes a simple degradation model that estimates morphological changes in pure iron scaffolding due to surface erosion. The main contribution of this work is to estimate the degradation of porous pure iron scaffolding and analyze the impact of morphological changes on mechanical properties. In this study, the pure iron scaffolding model was designed in CAD software with 3 different porosity such as 30%, 41%, and 55% respectively. The geometry images of CAD models with a resolution of 3316 x 5530 pixels are captured layer by layer with a thickness of 0.02 mm. The purpose of this method is to replace the function of the u-CT scanning technique. Two-dimensional morphological erosion is applied to reduce the number of pixels of the image model. This erosion process is adjusted iteratively with increasing number of pixels to erode the image model until the volume of the scaffold after reconstruction matches the volume of the model undergoing mathematical calculations. Their changes in the volume of scaffold geometry and degradation of mechanical properties were evaluated using finite element analysis. This study found that mechanical properties such as elastic modulus and yield strength decreased systematically during the 19 week degradation period. In addition, deformation analysis is performed on models based on finite element analysis.
Conduction Heat Rate Analysis of Tool in AISI 4340 TurningProcess
Authors: Ismail T , Amrifan S M , Riman S , Irsyadi Y , Sandro O , Fatiandari A
Published: May 2020

In the turning process a very high temperature is generated from the friction of cutting tool and workpiece. In the turning process there is also contain heat transfer reaction that occurs due to rising temperatures during the turning process. The high temperature in the cutting process has a very important influence on increasing the amount of heat that produce during the process of machining. Therefore it is necessary to analyze the effect of the rake angle and the use of LN2 and SCCO2 as a cooler to the heat transfer rate on the cutting tool using Autodesk simulation mechanical 2017 software. Based on the simulation results obtained temperature distribution values on the cutting tool during the AISI 4340 turning process using carbide tungsten as the cutting tool where the rake angle is 0°,5°, and 10°. Without using any coolant, the heat transfer rates are 30.613W, 28.386 W, and 26.160. By applying cooler such as SCCO2 and LN2 the rate of heat transfer decreases. With the application of the LN2 heat flow rate with rake angle 0°, 5°, and 10° decrease to 21.429 W, 19.191 W, and 16.965 W. The application of the SCCO2 heat flow rate on the tool with a rake angle 0°, 5°, and 10° will be 20.260 W, 18.479 W, and 16.252 W. Based on the result it is found that increased rake angle will cause a decrease in heat transfer rate. The application of SCCO2 and LN2 can reduce the heat transfer rate, therefore it can extend the cutting tool life.
Optimization Electricity Supply for Thousand Island Jakarta Province by Using Hybrid Photovoltaic-Wind Turbine-Diesel Generator-Crude Palm Oil (CPO) Power Plant-Battery System
Authors: Manurung Dharma , Dalimi Rinaldy
Published: May 2020

The Thousand Islands as part of the DKI Jakarta Province which has more than 110 islands with an electrification ratio of 100%. The electricity supply for the inhabitant islands in Thousand Islands region is supplied by State Electricity Company (PLN) with the on-grid interconnecting system on the medium voltage marine line I (SKLTM) along 76.79 km. Meanwhile Sebira Island supplies electricity using the Diesel Power Plant (PLTD) provided by the Regional Government (PEMDA). To increase the reliability of the SKLTM line I system in the Thousand Islands, SKLTM line II will be built along 67.7 km in 2018-2021. Based on the description of the development plan, this paper will redesign the electricity supply system with 100% renewable energy power plants in each of the 11 inhabitant islands in the Thousand Islands, namely the hybrid system of Solar Power Generation (PLTS), Wind Turbine Power Plant (PLTB), Diesel Power Plant (PLTD) and Crude Palm Oil (CPO) Power Plant (PLTBn CPO). The average annual solar radiation in the Thousand Islands region is 5.08 kWh/m2/day and the annual average wind speed at an altitude of 50 m is 3.29 m/s. To optimize the hybrid system modeling, the Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable (HOMER) Pro 3.11.2 software version is used based on the lowest Net Production Cost (NPC) and Cost of Electricity (CoE) value. The study showed that 7 inhabitant islands are recommended using Hybrid PV-Wind-Diesel such as Sebira Island with percentage 59.3% (PLTS), 38.5% (PLTB) and 2.2% (PLTD) with CoE 0.178 $/kWh and NPC $1,092,096.Other 4 inhabitant islands are recommended using 100 % PLTBn CPO only such as Tidung Island with CoE 0.274 $/kWh and NPC $15,076,130.
Innovation Utilization of Nitridation Method in Improving Hardness and Corrosion Resistance of Blacksmiths Crafts
Authors: Rasid Muhammad
Published: May 2020

Hardness and corrosion resistance are properties that must be possessed by blacksmiths. One of the main problems of this small blacksmith industry is the process of finisihings handicrafts, weak mechanical properties and poor corrosion resistance making it difficult to compete for a wider market nationally and internationally. The purpose and aim of this research is to assist the blacksmith craft industry in increasing hardness and corrosion resistance so that the results of these crafts can compete at the national and international levels. The Plasma Nitriding method and the field nitriding scale by spraying Nitrogen into the results of blacksmith crafts heated under recrystallization temperatures. On the scale of nitriding the field is by spraying nitrogen as a cooling medium on the results of the blacksmith craft that has been preheated at temperatures of ± 723 to 900 ºC. The hardness level of the blacksmith craft test specimens carried out by the nitriding process increased hardness (HRC) by 17.5% and with corrosion resistance increased by 35% from the row material.
Effect of the Utilizing Savonius Machine as Auxiliary Starting Device on the Performance of Darrieus Machine
Authors: Santoso D , Riady M I , Abidin Z , Yanto J , Dzaky M I
Published: May 2020

In the present study, the two installation methods in combining Darrieus machine to Savonius machine were applied. First, Savonius machine was directly mounted to the main shaft of Darrieus machine and another one it was mounted to the main shaft via one-way bearing. The result shows that the self-starting ability of Darrieus machine could increase of about 60% by combining it with drag device such as Savonius machine. However, the net power extracted by this combination is significantly decrease. In the combination of Darrieus-Savonius machine where the Savonius was directly mounted on the main shaft without one-way bearing gives power reduction 53%, while in the combination of Darrieus-Savonius machine where the Savonius was mounted on the main shaft with one-way bearing gives power reduction of about 29%. Savonius machine mounted to the main shaft via one-way bearing gives relatively lower impact in power extraction reducing of Darrieus machine instead of Savonius was directly mounted to the main shaft without one-way bearing. As conclusion that the combination of Darrieus-Savonius machines should be addressed to improve the starting ability only, it should not be addressed to improve the power extraction capability of Darrieus machine.
The Analysis Of Biogas Fermentation Time From Cow Manure On Fixed Dome Biodigester Batch Systems
Authors: Sajaruddin  , Kalsum Leila , Muchtar Zainuddin
Published: May 2020

Biogas technology from cow manure in Indonesia has been developing for a long time, but the application of its use as an alternative energy source is not yet widely developed, due to various unknown operations and processes. This research aimed to analyzed of biogas fermentation time in batch system of cow manure. This research used a Fixed Dome type biodigester that had a total volume of 500 litters with its operating system in batches with 80% of the slurry containing cow manure and the rest for the gas chamber. The biogas fermentation time were 5, 10,15,20 25 and 30 days. The raw material from cow manure had an organic COD content of 10.240 mg / l with a pH of 6.7. The C/N feed ratio was set in the condition of 25: 1 and the ratio of slurry of cow manure with water was 1: 1. From the results of the study in batch process, it was found that the longer the fermentation time the higher the methane gas content but the methane gas content decreases on the 30 th day from 59,12% on the 25 th day to 50,04% on the 30 th day of fermentation.
Diversification of Biscuit Product using Moringa Oleifera Flour as an Additional Source of Nutrition
Authors: Hilwatullisan  , Zaman M. , Husaini A. , Chodijah Siti
Published: May 2020

Nicknames for the Moringa tree include the Miracle Tree, the Tree of Life, and the Amazing Tree. One of the most prominent content of Moringa plants is antioxidants, especially in leaves that contain the highest antioxidants. This research is entitled Biscuit Product Development by utilizing Moringa Oleifera Flour as an additional source of nutrition, this study refers to the research master plan of the Sriwijaya State Polytechnic which aims to obtain useful products that can be marketed and increase product added value. The main objective of this research was to determine the effect of adding Moringa leaf flour to the quality of biscuits. The results showed that the addition of moringa leaf flour affected the water content, ash content, protein, calcium and vitamin C. The panelist cho ice biscuits were formula F2 biscuits with the addition of 2 grams of Moringa leaf flour or 0.1% and the result of formula F2 analysis was the water content by 3.85%, Ash content 0.78%, Protein 6.37% Calcium 164 mg/g sample, vitamin C 0.13%.
The Investigation on Physical Characteristics of Cracked Plastic Waste
Authors: Selpiana  , Susmanto Prahady , Cundari Lia , Oktari Dedek , Ibrahim Omar
Published: May 2020

The consumption of plastic gives many benefits however, uncontrolled use can bring about negative impacts on the environment. Plastic waste is a material that is difficult to decompose by nature or referred to as non-biodegradable. The catalytic cracking process is one way to process plastic waste. This study was conducted to determine the effect of cracking temperature and cracking time on the volume and physical properties of the produced liquid. The catalyst used is Cu-Al2O3 with a ratio of 20% of 200 g of raw material. In this study, the most liquid produced is 142 mL at a cracking temperature of 300°C within 150 minutes. The best physical properties (heating value, Octane Research Number, Octane Motor Number) produced from liquid condensate at 250°C and 120 minutes.
Effect of Temperature and Starter Concentration on the Fermentation Process in Making MOCAF
Authors: Yerizam Muhammad , Andayana Suri , Oktavia Utari
Published: May 2020

This research aims to determine the optimum conditions with variations in temperature and concentration of Lactic Acid Bacteria (BAL) starter in fermentation in the process of making mocaf flour. Fermentation of cassava is carried out using a fermenter equipped with a thermo controller and tubular heater. Heater is used to increase the temperature connected to the temperature controller (thermo controller) so that the fermentation process runs in optimum conditions and get good quality of mocaf flour according to SNI 7622-2011 standards. The fermentation process was carried out anaerobically with and varying the temperature of 30 and 33°C and the concentration of the lactic acid bacteria starter were 0.06%, 0.12%, 0.18%, 0.24% and 0.3% with fermentation time during 24 hours. The results showed optimum conditions of cassava fermentation at a temperature of 33°C and lactic acid bacteria starter concentration of 0.3% obtained mocaf flour protein levels of 12.87%.
Characterization of Red Beetroot Soft Jelly Candy with Guava Extract and Gel Colloid Added
Authors: Meilianti  , Aznury Marta , Yuniar  , Sofia  , Farhan Ismy , Agustina Lidia
Published: May 2020

Red beetroot is widely planted in the highlands in Indonesia. The content of vitamins and minerals is very useful in stimulating, building, cleaning red blood cells and can prevent the lack of red blood cells in the body. Beet tubers are enriched by high red phenotype pigments compared to orange and white. The red pigment is a high antidote to free radicals. Red beetroot is not only used as a natural coloring agent but can also be used as a sweetener because of its high sucrose content. However, beetroot is less popular because of its unpleasant taste and aroma. Beets and guava are innovations from food processing that have nutritional value to be used as a useful product. Red beetroot is processed into one functional food product in the form of soft jelly candy with a mix and hot process. The method used in this study is the extraction method and cooking by heating (80°C ) with stirring. The stages of the research include the stage of sample preparation, fruit extraction, jelly candy making, and the testing stage. Determination of the endpoint of making jelly is done by the fork test. To improve the characterization of jelly candy is to add guava extract and pectin. Characterization of jelly candies analyzed was water content, ash content, glucose content, sucrose content, and metal Pb metal content. Based on the results of research that has been done on the characterization of red beetroot soft jelly candies with variations of guava extract and colloidal pectin gel have met the SNI standard of soft jelly candies with the results of water content (0.96-2.28%), ash content (0.27 0.56%), glucose contents (18.06-22.11), sucrose content (17-20%), Pb metal content (0.026 ppm)
The Effect of flowrate and NaOH Concentration to CO2 Reduction in Biogas Products Using Absorber
Authors: Trisnaliani Lety , Eka Pranata Dina , Fatria  , Tahdid  , Ridwan KA , Nurizzman Alfarizi M. , Pandapotan Lumbantoruan Mangihut
Published: May 2020

Biogas is one of the alternative energy sources that can be updated and can reduce national energy dependence on fossil energy. Biogas has the main composition namely Methane (CH4), Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S). The CO2 content in biogas is still quite large. This causes the efficiency of heat produced is still low so the quality of biogas is still not optimal. Therefore, it is necessary to absorb CO2 content using an absorber. In the Absorption process using clamshell packing as filling material in the absorber column which serves to expand the sensitivity of biogas with absorbent (NaOH). In this study, the variables studied were the effect of flow rate and NaOH concentration on CO2 reduction in biogas so that the purpose of this study was to obtain the optimum conditions from the effect of flow rate and NaOH concentration on CO2 levels. The results of the analysis and calculations obtained showed that the optimum conditions of the absorption process occurred at the flow rate of 9 liters/min and 2 M NaOH with CO2 absorption of 8.1972 grams. In this study, the variation of the flow rate used was 6,7,8,9 and 10 liters/min and variations in the concentrations of 0.5 M NaOH, 0.1 M, 1.5 M, 2 M and 2.5 M NaOH concentrations of 8.6526 grams of CO2 absorbed. From the laboratory analysis, the rate of CH4 and CO2 in biogas was 58.5% by volume and 27.6% by volume while the content of CH4 and CO2 in biogas after absorption was 66.1% volume and 18.0% volume.
Modification of Starch from Taro Tubers with Hydrolysis Acid As the Adhesive
Authors: Yuniar  , Aznury Martha , Sofiah  , Meilianti
Published: May 2020

The use of Starch from Taro tubers as an adhesive raw material is done by hydrolyzing talc of Taro Tuber into dextrin using Chloride Acid (HCl) as the catalyst. The variables involved in this research are temperature and hydrolysis time whence the variations of temperature are 80°C, 100°C, 120°C, and 140°C also for the duration of hydrolysis time are 10, 20 and 30 minutes. The variations of temperature and time can affect the nature of dextrin produced. The analysis parameters include swelling power, solubility, dextrose equivalent (DE) and water content. The hydrolysis of taro tuber starch is then added with sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and formaldehyde solution (CH2O). The mixture is added with some water and heated to a temperature of 60°C to form a homogeneous mixture. After the Dextrin Glue is formed, the process is continued by analyzing the adhesive power of the synthesized gluten. From the research’s outcome, knowing that the optimum condition of adhesive was at 80°C and 30 min of hydrolysis time also the analysis number of swelling power is 2.27, along with 1.7% solubility, dextrose equivalent 3,523%, moisture content 14% and the adhesion 283,84 N/cm2.
The Performance of Reverse Osmosis (RO) Membrane in Producing Pure Water
Authors: Junaidi Robert , Hasan Abu , Yerizam Muhammad , Purnamasari Indah
Published: May 2020

This research was conducted to determine the performance of Reverse Osmosis (RO) membranes in producing pure water, pure water known as mineral-free water or water with zero dissolved solids (TDS = 0 ppm).PDAM (Regional Drinking Water Company) Tirta Musi in Palembang, South Sumatra and water from the Micro Filtration (MF) and Ultrafiltration (UF) processes are fed to the RO process using two feeding methods, namely a single pass and a circulation feed. In a single pass feed, the operating pressure is set at 20 - 50 Psig, where an increase in the product rate and the rejection rate so that the flux increases. Rejection of TDS obtained increased from 96.6% - 97.5%. Furthermore, the circulating feed system with a constant pressure of 50 Psig decreases TDS and Conductivity. Rejection of TDS 96.1% for PDAM water feed and Rejection of TDS for feed water from MF&UF 97.3% in subsequent feedings there was a decrease in TDS and conductivity but not significantly. The purified water produced has a TDS content of 0.16 - 0.48 ppm, a conductivity of 0.17 - 0.49 μs/cm, a pH of 6.99 - 7.2 and a resistivity of 177 - 185 kΩ, the characteristics of this pure water are according to the standard pure water in ASTM D1193 - 99e1 and NCCLS.
Growth kinetics of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and tape yeast on the cassava pulp fermentation
Authors: Hidayat Beni , Hasanudin Udin , Muslihudin M. , Akmal Syamsu , Nurdjanah Siti , Yuliana Neti
Published: May 2020

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the most commonly used yeast in the fermentation process on high starch/carbohydrate substrates, for example, cassava pulp, a by-product from the tapioca industry. In addition to the pure culture of S. cerevisiae, the fermentation process of cassava pulp can be done using tape yeast (a consortium of yeast, fungal and bacteria). The objective of this research was to study the growth kinetics of S. cerevisiae and tape yeast on cassava pulp fermentation. The growth kinetics of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and tape yeast was observed through cells number, rate of starch degradation, rate of dietary fiber degradation, rate of cyanide degradation, and rate of protein formation. The research showed that the S. cerevisiae pure culture could grow better during cassava pulp fermentation compared to tape yeast, which is reflected by the logarithmic growth rate (up to 72 h versus 48 h). The difference in the growth rate between S. cerevisiae pure culture and tape yeast will cause a difference in starch degradation rate (73.02 mg/h versus 65.09 mg/h), dietary fiber degradation rate (87.33 mg/h versus 21.09 mg/h), cyanide degradation rate (92.57.10−2 ppm/h versus 97.49.10−2 ppm/h), protein formation rate (48.92 mg/h versus 50.08 mg/h).
Industrial Mapping in Java-Kalimantan-Nusa Tenggara Corridor
Authors: Berawi M A , Miraj P , Sidqi H , Gaffara G R , Gunawan
Published: May 2020

Indonesia aims to catapult its trade and industry development and become one of the economic powerhouses in the future. The strategies initially developed in 2011 were expected to increase economic activities and growth. However, due to the steady growth of economic development, an evaluation of the previous master plan is proposed. The purpose of this study was to assess Indonesia’s economic corridor by considering Java-Kalimantan-Nusa Tenggara as the case study. Primary data was obtained from government officials while public records and benchmarking from other countries provided secondary data. From the results, there is need for development on each corridor, especially in hardware computing, software computing, Upgrading Brown Coal (UBC) processing, and the tourism industries. This research recommends development of industries and provision of resources to stimulate economic development.
Stabilization of Peat Soils Using Petrasoil with Cement Viewed From CBR Value and Free Compressive Strength Value Of Soils
Authors: Ibrahim  , Herius Andi , Fikri Julian , Shaid Ramadhinata M. , Maryani
Published: May 2020

Peat soils are organic soils that physically and technically do not meet the requirements and conditions in construction work because peat soils have very high water content and compressibility and have low soil bearing capacity. For various reasons and considerations, work construction on peat deposits is often forced to be carried out, especially for the construction of highways. So one way to overcome this problem needs to be improved by stabilizing the soil. Peat soil stabilization includes trying to add a mixture of Petrasoil and cement.

In this study, peat soils were taken in the Ogan Ilir Eastern Highway area and then stabilized and tested using physical and mechanical properties tests such as Specific Gravity, Atterberg Limits, Sieve Analysis, Hydrometers, Standard Compaction, California Bearing Ratio (CBR), and Free Compressive Strength. The variation additional cement content by 2.5%; 7.5%; 12.5%; 17.5%, while the Petrasoil mixture is by comparison (1:75). From the results of the optimum moisture content through the compaction test, the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) and free compressive strength tests were performed to see the effect of each addition of cement and Petrasoil on peat soils.The results showed improvements in physical properties and increased California Bearing Ratio (CBR) value and free compressive strength, meaning that the soil becomes more stable.
Effect of groundwater table on slope stability and design of retaining wall
Authors: Ahmad R , Mardhanie A B , Suroso P , Sutarto T E , Alfajri R
Published: May 2020

Groundwater table on slope stability are important contributing factors to slope failures. Parametric studies were carried out to study the effect of groundwater table position in affecting slope stability. Six different groundwater table corresponding to the wettest, typical, and driest were used in the numerical analyses using Geo Studio. In order to monitor slope stability, GeoStudio software is frequently applied to landslide stability analysis. In this paper, Jalan Poros Berau-Tanjung Selor slope stability prediction in East Borneo was subjected by GeoStudio software, while limit equilibrium method was adopted to calculate the safety factor in the slip surface based on five different groundwater table. Overall, the analyses shows that the five different groundwater table give the different safety factor. From this matter, retaining wall has planned with two layer, based on the critical condition which show by minimum safety factor.
Study of Plastic Waste Power Plants Capacity Unit 1 KWh Using Plastic Bags Based on Effectiveness Produced in Optimum Load
Authors: Tahdid  , Syarif Aida , Trisnaliani Lety , Effendy Sahrul
Published: May 2020

This research conducted to convert plastic bags into liquid fuels to be used as alternative fuels in generators to produce electricity. The purpose was to get the influence of the electrical load (200;400; 600;800; and 1000 watt) and ratio liquid fuel product with gasoline (0:5;1:4;2:3;3:2;4:1;and 5:0) towards performance liquid fuel the result of conversion Polypropylene (PP) and Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) plastic waste on the unit prototype plastic waste power plant with design capacity 1 KWH in terms of Specific Fuel Consumption (SFC) value, Torque and effective power generator. Effective power and torque analyzed using tachometer, voltmeter, ampere meter, and stopwatch while SFC calculation of liquid fuel consumption. Analysis of this data using descriptive statistical analysis that is describing collected data after being given treatment during the research, by presenting data in the form of tables, figures, and calculations. The results of the research show that the ratio liquid fuel:gasoline 2:3 with 800 Watt Electrical load produced of engine power, torque, and SFC optimal with results 1.280 Hp, 173.611 Nm, and 0.461 Kg/Hp.hr., with type of Polypropylene plastic, while type of Low Density Polyethylene plastic have the result 1.259 Hp, 170.753 Nm, and 0.536 Kg/Hp.hr., so that by mixing it can save conventional fuel specially gasoline.
Thermal decomposition of Gayo Arabica coffee-pulp in a segmented chamber
Authors: Setiawan Adi , Randa Alex G. , Faisal  , Bin Nur Taufiq , Rusdianasari
Published: May 2020

This paper reports experimental investigation on slow pyrolysis process of Gayo Arabica coffee-pulp with a target of biochar quality improvement. Investigation started with preparing the design, fabrication and testing of a-pilot-scale batch reactor. Later, the reactor was modified by placing stainless-steel trays to split the reactor into three zones. The performance of reactor after modification was examined and compared it with data gained from un-modified reactor. Temperature profile and product distribution have been observed during slow pyrolysis process of coffee-pulp in order to evaluate the performance of reactor. Results show that installing trays inside the reactor improves heat distribution and diffusion of hot gasses through the chamber. Segmented reactor demonstrated a more stable in temperature changes during pyrolysis experiment. Enhanced yield of biochar up to 42.87 % is gained during pyrolysis experiment in segmented reactor. Investigation on characteristic of biochar suggests less impurity has been found from modified reactor product.
The Effect of Geotechnical Characteristics Toward Road Damage at Lowland Area
Authors: Andriani  , Shubhi Nurul Hadie M. , Asema Fuji
Published: May 2020

Road damage often occurs in lowland areas, one of the reasons is unstable soil conditions. This study aims to determine the relationship between geotechnical characteristics of soil and road damage. Field observations were carried out in the Tanjung Api-Api lowland area to find out the type of road damage. Testing of soil physical and mechanical properties was carried out to determine the geotechnical characteristics of the soil at that location. Results from current study show that that generally the types of road damage lowland areas are cracking, grade depressions, potholes, and distortion. The soil properties test results obtained that the soil in the Tanjung Api-Api lowland area was classified by Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) as an inorganic silt (MH) and organic clay soil with moderate to high plasticity (OH). In general, soil of this type has a low bearing capacity so that it requires handling and selection of construction that is suitable with this type of soil. Based on the classification of American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), the soil in the Tanjung Api-Api area is A-7-5 and A-5, which are clay and silt land with moderate to poor criteria if used as subgrade so that this land usually require s special handling when used as subgrade because it has the potential to deformation.