bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anti-phospholipase A2 Receptor Antibody in Differentiation and Prognostication of Membranous Nephropathy
Authors: Suthar Kamlesh S. , Vanikar Aruna V. , Patel Rashmi D. , Kanodia Kamal V. , Nigam Lovelesh A. , Gandhi Paulin A. , Mehta Aanal H.
Published: June 2023

Anti-M-type phospholipase A2 receptor (anti-PLA2R) antibody is believed to be associated with primary membranous nephropathy (pMN) and absent in secondary MN (sMN). There are few data regarding utility of anti-PLA2R antibody as a prognosticator. Our study aimed to compare the incidence of positive serum anti-PLA2R antibody titer in pMN versus sMN and correlation with clinical outcome. From August 2015 to July 2019, patients with biopsy-proven MN were evaluated for serum anti-PLA2R antibody titers by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The subset of cases was repeated to monitor the clinical response in terms of 24 h proteinuria. A total of 169 patients, 65 pMN and 104 sMN were studied. Anti-PLA2R antibody was found in 41 (63.08%) pMN with mean titer, 232.62 RU/mL, and 40 (38.46%) sMN with mean titer 253.59 RU/mL. Out of positive antiPLA2R antibody titer in pMN cases, 15 were retested twice to 5 times with mean titers of 78.95, 36.27, 13.9, and 15.45 RU/mL, respectively. Out of positive anti-PLA2R antibody in sMN cases, 11 were retested twice to five times with mean titers of 104.42, 122.49, 12.33, and 17.2 RU/mL, respectively. All patients with decreasing anti-PLA2R antibody titer in both groups had clinical remission, with a decrease in mean 24 h proteinuria from 7.11 g to 3.36 g in pMN and 5.97 g to 3.41 g in sMN. Ten pMN and 11 sMN patients without remission showed persistent positive anti-PLA2R antibody titer. Anti-PLA2R antibody titer may be elevated in pMN/sMN. It can also be used as a noninvasive prognostic marker for MN.
Clinical and Histopathological Profile of Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy Patients in Central Part of India: A Single-Center Study
Authors: Balwani Manish R. , Pasari Amit , Bhawane Amol , Tolani Priyanka
Published: June 2023

The objective of the study was to assess clinical and histopathological profile of patients who were diagnosed as immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) on renal biopsy. Medical data were collected for this retrospective study at a single center from patients with biopsy-proven IgAN, from those biopsied between January 2017 and September 2020. A total of 347 renal biopsies were performed during the study. There were 52 patients with primary IgAN who met our inclusion criteria. Males were more commonly affected (61.5%). The mean age at the time of kidney biopsy was 35.26 ± 10.39 years. Hypertension was present in 84.5% of patients. Median serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at presentation were 3.58 mg/dL and 15.8 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively. Mesangial hypercellularity (M1), endocapillary hypercellularity (E1), segmental glomerulosclerosis (S1), tubular atrophy/ interstitial fibrosis (T1/T2), and crescents (C1/C2) were present in 46.2%, 38.5%, 88.5%, 75% and 36.6% of patients respectively. Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) and hypertensive vasculopathy were seen in 38.5% and 86.5% of patients respectively. The presence of tubular atrophy (T1/T2), hypertensive vasculopathy, and TMA on renal biopsy was significantly associated with low eGFR at presentation whereas no such correlation could be established with segmental glomerulosclerosis (S1), crescents (C1/C2), mesangial (M1) and endocapillary hypercellularity (E1). The presence of hypertensive vasculopathy and TMA on renal biopsy was associated with poor renal function at presentation. The most common clinical presentation of IgAN was hypertension and so we suggest patients with hypertension should be screened for microscopic dysmorphic hematuria and proteinuria, if present, should undergo a renal biopsy to diagnose this disease in early stages.
Biopsy-Proven Renal Diseases in the Elderly: A Developing Country Perspective
Authors: Shakeel Shaheera , Rashid Rahma , Mubarak Muhammed
Published: June 2023

Renal diseases are one of the common causes of morbidity and mortality in elderly population. Currently, the spectrum of renal diseases in elderly population in our country is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of renal diseases in elderly patients in Pakistan. In this retrospective, observational study, we included all consecutive patients aged ≥60 years, on whom native renal biopsies were performed during a period of 25 years from January 1994 to December 2018. The final histologic diagnosis was categorized into four groups, primary glomerular diseases (PGDs), secondary glomerular diseases (SGDs), tubulointerstitial disease (TID), and vascular diseases (VDs). A total of 324 renal biopsies are performed in the study period. The mean age was 64.6 ± 5.1 years, range of 60–80 years with a male-to-female ratio of 3.26:1. The mean serum creatinine at biopsy was 4.1 ± 2.86 mg/dL. Indications for biopsy were acute kidney injury (AKI) in 141 (43.5%), followed by nephrotic syndrome (NS) in 128 (39.5%). Renal disease category was PGD in 204 (63%), SGD in 42 (13%), TID in 58 (17.9%), and VD in 20 (6.1%). Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is the leading cause of PGD in 55 (27%). Among SGD, amyloidosis was the most common cause in 27 (64.3%). In patients who were biopsied for AKI, majority were crescentic glomerulonephritis accounting for 28 (19.8%). In conclusion, AKI and NS are the common biopsy indications in our population. Overall FSGS is the most common histologic diagnosis in this cohort.
Update on Pediatric Hemodialysis Adequacy
Authors: Moustafa Bahia H. , ElHatw Mohamad Khaled , Shaheen Ihab S.
Published: June 2023

The use of high reflux dialyzers to achieve a Kt/Vurea above 1.2 did not improve patient survival in most literature reports. After an electronic search in many sites, guidelines, systematic reviews, and review articles (cited references): We recommend (1) using the equilibrated double-pool, weekly rather than per session, Kt/Vurea, (2) Use of UF-dry weight to avoid V changes, (3) consider protein catabolic Rate (4) Use of double pool to avoid urea generation rebound effect. Beyond the urea model, other recommended parameters include the middle molecule clearance and patient clinical data as blood pressure control, normal ventricular morphology, and function, absence of anemia, bone mineral disease, vascular calcifications, good nutrition and growth, long-lasting vascular access, less intra-dialysis hypotension, fewer hospitalizations related to complications as infection, long-term patient survival with better life quality. All mentioned parameters are the good markers for adequate dialysis. Since (1) frequent short and (or) slow long dialysis sessions show better solute clearance and hemodynamic stability associated with better control of cardiovascular and bone disease, anemia, nutrition, and growth with better quality of life and survival. (2) The spare in the cost of the antihypertensive medications, erythroid-stimulating drugs, phosphate binders, and frequent hospitalization, compensates for the high dialysis cost. (3) The use of some advisable techniques can minimize access trauma; therefore, HD Model can be changeable according to each patient’s clinical and biochemical follow-up dialysis adequacy progress pattern.
Exploring the Generality of Norms in Multi-Agent Systems
Authors: Alves Jhonatan , Hübner Jomi Fred , Marchi Jerusa
Published: June 2023

Norms are useful tools to regulate autonomous agents, and their generality is the focus of this paper. The generality of norms refers to the extent of behaviors the norms are capable of regulating. While very specific norms tend to be inefficient to avoid undesirable behaviors (since they are rarely activated), very general norms tend to limit excessively the options of the agents (since they are activated too often) hindering them to achieve the system goal. Therefore, a norm that efficiently regulates the agents should have a balanced generality, being neither too specific nor too general. Therefore, we consider that exploring the generality of norms is a fundamental key to obtaining efficient norms. However, the evaluation of their generality usually considers every behavior they regulate. Since it is likely an unfeasible task, in this paper, we investigate alternatives to estimate the norms generality from their syntactic characteristics. Based on these characteristics, we obtain different sequences of norms that vary, approximately, from the most specific to the most general. We assume thus that norms with a balanced generality are more easily found considering these orderings. Therefore, it is relevant to understand the impact of the syntactical characteristics in ordering the norms. In this context, we found out how different alternatives organize the norms space. This result is particularly useful for the development of algorithms for searching efficient norms that, through different strategies, may exploit how norms space is arranged and may be pruned.
Three Case Studies on Small Uncrewed Aerial Systems Near Midair
Collisions with Aircraft: An Evidence-Based Approach for Using Objective
Uncrewed Aerial Systems Detection Technology
Authors: Wallace Ryan J. , Winter Scott R. , Rice Stephen , Kovar David C. , Lee Sang-A
Published: June 2023

Small uncrewed aircraft systems (sUAS) growth continues for recreational and
commercial applications. By 2025, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)
predicts the sUAS fleet to number nearly 2.4 million units. As sUAS operations
expand within the National Airspace System (NAS), so too does the probability of
near midair collisions (NMACs) between sUAS and aircraft. Currently, the primary
means of recognizing sUAS NMACs rely on pilots to visually spot and evade
conflicting sUAS. Pilots may report such encounters to the FAA as UAS Sighting
Reports. Sighting reports are of limited value as they are highly subjective and
dependent on the pilot to accurately estimate range and altitude information.
Moreover, they do not account for NMACs that an aircrew member does not spot.
The purpose of this study was to examine objective sUAS and aircraft telemetry
data collected using a DJI Aeroscope sensor and Automatic Dependent
Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B)/Mode S messages throughout 36 months near a major
United States (U.S.) airport. This data offers objective insights into the
interaction of sUAS and aircraft in the airspace surrounding this airport. Using
the data, three NMAC case studies are presented based on three varying mission
profiles: (a) commercial air carriers, (b) general aviation (GA) aircraft, and
(c) helicopters. The findings inform on sUAS-aircraft encounter evolution and
trends, including areas of encounter risk, lateral and vertical encounter
separation distances, sUAS operator compliance with operational and altitude
restrictions, and comparisons of objective detection data against sUAS sighting
reports. Recommendations are provided to mitigate risks associated with
encounter trends to further enhance safety within the NAS.
Enhancing Simulation Efficiency and Quality of Transient Conjugate
Thermal Problems by Using an Advanced Meta-modeling Approach
Authors: Peissner Simon , Weigand Bernhard
Published: June 2023

In the field of thermal protection, detailed three-dimensional computational
fluid dynamics (3D-CFD) simulations are widely used to analyze the thermal
behavior on a full vehicle level. One target is to identify potential violations
of component temperature limits at an early stage of the development process. In
battery electric vehicles (BEVs), transient load cases play an increasing role
in evaluating components and vehicle systems close to real-world vehicle
operation. The state-of-the-art 3D simulation methodologies require significant
time and computational effort when running transient load scenarios. One main
reason is the conjugate characteristic of the problem, meaning that conduction
within the component and convection into the surrounding air occur
simultaneously. This requires a detailed consideration of both the fluid and
structural domains.

Therefore, this article derives a time-efficient simulation methodology for
transient component temperatures in electric vehicles. The approach is to
extract heat transfer coefficients and reference temperatures from sample flow
simulations and to construct convective meta-models. Solid component
temperatures are then transiently computed whereby the low-dimensional
meta-models provide the convective heat transfer. Dimensional analysis
determines the smallest possible parameter space for the meta-modeling. Two
different types of meta-models, a scalar regression model and a vector proper
orthogonal decomposition (POD) approach, are tested and compared.

The study examines at first the applicability of the heat transfer formulation
under different flow and component temperature conditions using a generic flat
plate test case. A low Biot number (Bi) is crucial to receive accurate
temperature predictions as heat transfer coefficients are derived on uniform
temperature walls. The methodology is subsequently applied to a sample component
in the motor compartment. Measurements on a test rig and a transient load case
comparison with a coupled simulation prove the validity of the numerical
procedure. Scaling to full-vehicle applications is feasible. The new methodology
delivers a highly accurate temperature prediction and increases computation
efficiency, especially for sensitivity studies.
Light Weight Material for Entry Assist Grab Handle with Gas Assist Technology
Authors: Khairnar Prashant Dattatray , D Gowtham , D Anantha , Bornare Harshad , Kakani Phani Kumar , Sriperumbudur Srivatsa
Published: June 2023

Ground clearance plays a vital role in an off-road vehicle during off roading. Higher the ground clearance, higher is the difficulty during ingress & egress of the vehicle. This brings in the necessity to provide entry-assist grab-handles for vehicle with more ground clearance (>200mm). Entry-assist grab handles alleviates the pain of the occupants during ingress and egress.

For entry-assist grab handles’ purpose to be served, it should provide comfortable ergonomic grip & have to take the load of passengers while ingress or egress through-out the complete life cycle of the vehicle. Entry Assist grab handles can be fitted on A-Pillar zone to assist first row passengers & on B-pillar zone to assist second row passenger.

Providing entry-assist grab handles on pillar trims make the grab-handles exposed to head-impact zone and hence, in most of the cases, it should pass the head impact regulations framed for respective countries.

This paper dwells upon the importance of a material used for entry-assist grab handle purpose in meeting durability, and safety targets as per regulation. The proposed material grade also shows reduction in weight as compared to the conventional materials used for Entry Assist Grab handle. Not-withstanding, we have discussed the behavioral comparison of different materials that are used conventionally and the key benefits for the proposed material are discussed in the paper. The proposed material is also compatible to be manufactured by Gas assist injection molding process.
Metilal/metanol karışımlarının ZIF-8 katkılı PEI membran kullanarak pervaporasyon prosesi ile saflaştırılması
Authors: ÜNLÜ Derya
Published: June 2023

Bu çalışmada, metilal/metanol karışımlarının ayrılması için pervaporasyon işlemi kullanılmıştır. Metanole afinitesinden dolayı membran hazırlamak için polieterimid (PEI) polimeri seçilmiştir. ZIF-8, membran için katkı maddesi olarak kullanılmıştır. ZIF-8 katkılı PEI membranı sentezlenmiş ve karakterize edilmiştir. Membranların kimyasal bağ yapısı, termal dayanımı ve morfolojisi sıraısyla Fourier dönüşümü kızılötesi spektroskopisi (FTIR), Termogravimetrik Analiz (TGA) ve Taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM) ile analiz edilmiştir. Membranların ayırma performansı farklı çalışma sıcaklıklarında, farklı besleme metanol konsantrasyonlarında ve farklı ZIF-8 yükleme oranlarında incelenmiştir. Optimum proses koşulları, 20°C operasyon sıcaklığı, ağırlıkça %6 besleme metanol konsantrasyonu ve ağırlıkça %0.5 ZIF-8 yükleme oranı olarak belirlenmiştir. Akı ve metanol seçicilik değerleri bu koşullar altında sırasıyla 0.57 kg/m2h akı ve 8169 metanol seçiciliği olarak belirlenmiştir.
Elvin Yıldırım, Türk Kültüründe Renkler, İstanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, 2022. 207 s.
Authors: Yeşilbağ Meliha
Published: June 2023

Türk tarihi ve kültürüyle ilgili çalışmalar yürüten Elvin Yıldırım’ın Türk Kültüründe Renkler adlı kitabı, 2022 yılında Ötüken Neşriyat tarafından yayımlandı. Renklerin; Türk kültürü, inancı, gelenek ve sosyal hayattaki yerinin odak noktası olarak belirlendiği çalışmada, renklerin pek çok yönden ele alınması bu konuda yapılmış çalışmalardan farklılık göstermektedir. Renkler, etimolojik kökler ve farklı lehçelerdeki kullanımlardan; kişi-yer adları, destan, atasözü-deyim, giyim-kuşam, sanat, devlet teşkilatı, yön sembolizmi, mitoloji, bayrak ve çeşitli merasimlere kadar pek çok alanı içine alacak şekilde incelenmiştir. Bu inceleme yapılırken erken dönemden kalan metinler, destanlar, şecereler, atasözleri, deyimler, hikâyeler, sözlükler gibi Türk tarihi ve kültürü açısından önemli eserler taranmıştır. Bu kitap, Yıldırım’ın Türk Kültüründe Renkler ve İfade Ettikleri Anlamlar (2012) adlı yüksek lisans tezinden türetilmiştir. Tezden farklı olarak kitapta, tezin yayımlanmasından sonra yazılmış veya gözden kaçan kaynaklar da kitaba dâhil edilip çalışma genişletilmiştir.
Kitabın kapağında, Hakasya bölgesindeki ritüel alanından çekilmiş bir fotoğraf bulunmaktadır. Fotoğrafta birbirinden farklı renklerde bez parçalarının bir tahta parçasına bağlandığı görülmektedir. Bu da bize, Şamanizm inancına dayanan ve dilek dilemek amacıyla kutsal sayılan ağaca bez bağlama geleneğini anımsatmaktır.
When Social Workers Impact Policy and Don’t Just Implement it
Authors: Gal John , Weiss-Gal Idit
Published: June 2023

Rather than being seen simply as social policy implementors, in recent decades there has been recognition of the unique insights that social workers can bring to policy formulation. This book offers a theoretical framework for understanding why social workers engage in policy, and the implications for research, education and practice.
Intersex Embodiment
Authors: Garland Fae , Travis Mitchell
Published: June 2023

This book examines the divergent medical, political and legal constructions of intersex. The authors use empirical data to explore how intersex people are embodied through these frameworks which in turn influence their lived experiences.
The Macron Régime
Authors: Devellennes Charles
Published: June 2023

This book examines Emmanuel Macron's political career from his rise as a public figure to his time as a president. By offering a close study of his actions and ideological commitment, this book argues that, despite claims of being ideologically neutral, Macron actually represents a new form of right-wing politics in France.
Labour Conflicts in the Digital Age
Authors: della Porta Donatella , Chesta Riccardo Emilio , Cini Lorenzo
Published: June 2023

This book offers a complete view of the new labour conflicts in the platform economy. Through case studies in advanced economies in Europe and the US and with an original approach that combines social movement studies and industrial relations, it provides a radical interpretation on the changing nature of worker movements in the digital age.
Software libre como estrategia didáctica en el aula de matemática postpandemia en Panamá
Authors: Rodríguez García José Martí
Published: June 2023

El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar las consideraciones de los docentes respecto a la utilidad de las actividades con nuevas tecnologías de la información y comunicación (NTIC) en su labor diaria, para contribuir al mejoramiento del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la matemática en Panamá; luego de haber experimentado, drásticamente, un inesperado periodo de virtualidad; sin las competencias y herramientas necesarias.  Al mismo tiempo, rescatar las ventajas en la aplicación de los softwares utilizados. El procedimiento consistió en trabajos de campo tales como: encuesta, entrevistas y el análisis de documentos de base de datos indexadas. Dada la particularidad del tema, nos enfocamos hacia un estudio de diseño mixto, de carácter descriptivo, no experimental, transversal. La muestra correspondió a la no probabilística por conveniencia, basada en profesores de educación media.  Se pudo observar que, la gran mayoría, tienen clara la idea de lo que son las NTIC y, son conscientes de que su uso es recomendado por la legislación escolar. Por otro lado, su utilización la consideran de apoyo alternativo, con la principal desventaja de que exige mucha planeación didáctica.  Asimismo, casi la mediana de los encuestados resaltó que su dominio de habilidades en el uso de tales medios es regular, por su insuficiente formación en esta área.  Entonces, concluimos que es necesario fortalecer las deficiencias en la didáctica, vistas antes y durante la pandemia del Covid-19; mediante uso de software libre de matemática y la correspondiente elaboración de guías didácticas
INTERACTION OF FLUXES OF FAST AND THERMAL NEUTRONS WITH AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF ORGANIC DYE METHYLENE BLUE CONTAINING AND NOT CONTAINING BORIC ACID
Authors: Tsyats’ko V.V. , Gokov S.P. , Kazarinov Yu.G.
Published: June 2023

The processes of interaction of neutron fluxes with an aqueous solution of the organic dye methylene blue (MB) – C16H18N3SCl containing and not containing 4% boric acid (H3BO3) were studied. The work was carried out at the linear electron accelerator LUE-300 NSC KIPT. A set of tungsten plates was used as a neutron producing target. The electron energy was 15 MeV, the average current was 20 μA. The samples were behind lead shielding and without it, with and without a moderator. The energy spectra of neutron fluxes are calculated at the location of samples with a moderator with a thickness of 0 to 5 cm. The total neutron fluence was 2∙1011 n/cm2.
Pengetahuan dan Amalan Pengajaran VAK Guru dalam Prasekolah
Authors: Mohamed Faraliza , Surat Shahlan
Published: June 2023

Pengajaran guru yang berkesan memberikan pembelajaran yang bermakna kepada pelajar. Pendekatan yang berstruktur dan terancang digunakan oleh guru dalam melaksanakan Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran (PdP) harian di prasekolah. Pengetahuan guru dalam melaksanakan pendekatan pengajaran yang menarik penting untuk perkembangan kanak-kanak prasekolah. Perlaksanaan Pdp atau pembelajaran dan pengajaran bagi Fun learning Activity mengikut gaya pengajaran Visual Auditori Kinestetik (VAK) perlulah dilaksanakan bagi meningkatkan tahap pemahaman pelajar. Kajian ini dijalankan adalah untuk mengenal pasti pengetahuan dan amalan gaya pengajaran VAK guru dalam prasekolah. Reka bentuk kajian adalah penyelidikan secara kualitatif yang berbentuk kaedah tinjauan. Sampel kajian melibatkan empat orang guru prasekolah tadika swasta di Sungai Buloh, Selangor melalui persampelan bertujuan. Instrumen kajian berbentuk set soal selidik soalan terbuka untuk mengenal pasti pengetahuan dan amalan gaya pengajaran VAK dalam bilik kelas. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan guru-guru mempunyai pengetahuan tentang gaya pengajaran VAK iaitu visual, auditori dan kinestetik. Keempat-empat guru menjalankan aktiviti yang meliputi ciri-ciri VAK pelajar dan ia merupakan amalan yang dilakukan dalam prasekolah. Walaupun salah seorang guru masih tidak jelas tentang apa itu VAK namun aktiviti hands on tetap dijalankan semasa sesi pengajaran. Justeru itu, ia jelas menunjukkan pengetahuan dan amalan pengajaran VAK guru diaplikasikan dalam prasekolah.
An Assessment of Liquidity and Shareholders’ Earnings of Listed Firms at The Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya
Authors: Vincent Kirui Kipngetich , Gilbert Dr. Onchangwa
Published: June 2023

The global changes in the business environment and the increased demand for improved shareholder’s earnings have prompted big firms to re-examine their liquidity levels. During the 2008 global economic crisis, many big institutions experienced liquidity challenges which led to the decline in the earnings of shareholders. The current study was therefore necessary to analyse the effect of liquidity on shareholders earnings of listed firms at the Nairobi Securities Exchange. The liquidity theories, were used to guide the research. A descriptive research design was used in this study. The study’s target population was all listed companies on the Nairobi Securities Exchange over the period 2015 to 2021. The 64 companies were analyzed using the census study. Data had been collected using a secondary data collection sheet. The study employed secondary data obtained from the published financial statements of the respective firms, from the Nairobi Securities Exchange and the Capital Markets Data. A panel regression model was employed in the analysis of data with the aid of the stata version 14. The study found out that Liquidity had a positive significant effect on the shareholders earnings. The study recommends that listed firms should enhance its liquidity by investing more on liquid assets. This should entail more investments in treasury bills, treasury bonds and other liquid stocks. They should also diversify their investments by investing in money markets. Additionally it should enhance its liquidity by controlling its overheads through getting rid of unnecessary expenses. Secondly, the listed firms need to expand its asset base.
Measuring the Validity of a High-stakes English Test in Bangladesh: An Empirical Approach
Authors: Ahmed Iftakhar , Sikder Dr. Liton Baron
Published: June 2023

The SSC English examination is a high-stakes test in Bangladesh because its scores are used to make decisions about the admission, placement, or graduation of students. This study evaluated the empirical validity of the SSC English examination using the correlation coefficient formula by Pearson’s R. The researchers employed a quantitative approach to conducting the research. Data were collected from eight education boards located in Dhaka, Rajshahi, Barisal, Chattogram, Comilla, Dinajpur, Jessore, and Sylhet. The present study used “Simple Random Sampling” while selecting the respondents. The respondents of the study were eighty SSC students. The researcher selected five students from each school. The researcher chose two schools from each education board; one is from a rural area, and another is from an urban area. The respondents were balanced between urban and rural, male and female persons. The findings of the study revealed that the validity of the SSC English test of each education board was subpar. Based on the findings, some recommendations were put forward to improve the SSC English examination in Bangladesh. Notably, the SSC English test items should examine the learners’ cognitive skills, such as thinking, remembering, and reasoning. The question setter should follow the authorized textbook to make a final question to ensure the validity of the test. Moreover, according to the guidelines of the NCTB (2012), candidates’ speaking and listening skills should be measured through continuous assessment. Furthermore, continuous assessment marks could be added to finalize the candidates’ GPA (Grade Point Average) in the summative assessment. The authority ought to train the scorers. The education board should allow the scorers enough time to mark the scripts contentedly to ensure the pragmatism of the test. Moreover, the teachers should teach to the curriculum, not to the test.
ECOPONTOS: UMA ANÁLISE DA GESTÃO DE RESÍDUOS DA CONSTRUÇÃO CIVIL NA CIDADE DE SÃO LUÍS - MA
Authors: Corrêa Araújo João Victor , Araújo da Costa Deivid
Published: June 2023

O manejo adequado dos resíduos sólidos em um município é um dos principais desafios enfrentados pelas autoridades municipais, já que isso implica em altos custos e, quando mal administrados, podem causar impactos ambientais e sociais significativos. No que se refere aos resíduos de construção civil (RCC), é responsabilidade dos municípios gerenciar as frações geradas por pequenos produtores. Para atender a essa demanda, a administração da cidade de São Luís - MA tem implementado Ecopontos, que são pontos de entrega voluntária para pequenos volumes, que recebem, dentre outros resíduos, o RCC. No entanto, isso não tem impedido o descarte irregular desses resíduos em diversas áreas. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste estudo é analisar o impacto da implementação dos Ecopontos no município de São Luís - MA, por meio da consulta de estudos que abordam a temática de descarte inadequado de resíduos na cidade de São Luís - MA, no período de 2016 a 2020, juntamente com registros fotográficos mais atuais, fazendo a comparação entre esses registros e o aumento na quantidade de Ecopontos de apoio implementados. O artigo apresenta um histórico da implantação e do funcionamento dos Ecopontos, destacando as vantagens e desvantagens desse modelo de gestão preventiva referente a gestão dos RCC. Com base nas informações coletadas, foi constatado que, apesar da implantação dos Ecopontos, as disposições irregulares de RCC ainda são comuns, inclusive em áreas próximas aos Ecopontos, o que indica a necessidade de programas eficazes de educação, divulgação e fiscalização ambiental.
Morphometry of the Maxillary Sinus and its Role in Sex Determination in Delta State Nigeria: Retrospective CT Study
Authors: Ominde B S , Ikubor J E , Iju W J , Ebeye A , Igbigbi P S
Published: June 2023

The morphometric parameters of the maxillary sinus are important in the forensic identification of unknown human skulls. This study aimed at determining the accuracy of using the dimensions of the maxillary sinus in sex determination. Skull Computed Tomography images of 292 adult patients, stored in the Radiology Department of a teaching hospital in Nigeria were retrospectively used to measure the dimensions of the maxillary sinus after obtaining the institution's approval. Using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version 23, the side and gender comparisons were evaluated using student's t-test while the correlation between the metric parameters was determined using Pearson's test. P-value was considered significant at <0.05. Discriminant function analysis was used to evaluate the accuracy of using the dimensions for sex prediction. The dimensions of the maxillary sinus were significantly larger in males than in females (p<0.05) but lacked significant association with age (p>0.05). The left maxillary sinus height was the best sex discriminating variable (238,81.5%). The accuracy of correct sex prediction increased when all the dimensions of the right (240,82.2%), left (243,83.2%) or both maxillary sinuses (258,88.4%) were used. In conclusion, the MS dimensions may be used for sex determination with acceptable accuracy in the studied population.
A Comparison of Absorption Inhibition and Absorption Elution Techniques for Detection of ABO Blood Groups in Saliva in Meitei Population: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Sungoh JDO Wanio , Singh K P , Devi T M
Published: June 2023

The ABO blood group system is the significant element for forensic serological examination of blood and body fluids. ABO blood groups are the primary, most common, conspicuous, and easily detectable groups. These blood group specific antigens are abundantly present in many other bodily secretions such as sweat, semen and even saliva. Many studies have detected the presence of ABO blood groups in saliva by using both the absorption inhibition and absorption elution methods. This study of blood group ABO antigens in saliva was carried out using both the techniques in a tertiary care centre in Imphal, Manipur. Using absorption elution method, out of the 90 secretors subjects, positive results were obtained in 82 (91.1%) subjects and using absorption inhibition method, positive results were detected in 71 (78.9%) subjects. On statistical analysis, the mean age in completed years of the participants is calculated as 22.12 years with a standard deviation of 3.04 years. Further, comparative analysis showed that the positive rate of absorption elution is more than that of absorption inhibition. Therefore, absorption elution method remains an important tool for determination of blood group of an individual from saliva and it is an aid in forensic identification and in solving medico-legal cases.
Awareness of Ethical Issue in Online Teaching for Medical Education, West Bengal, lndia
Authors: Radhika R H , Rawekar A
Published: June 2023

Currently, the world is responding to a pandemic of contagious respiratory disease caused by a novel corona virus and its emerging new variants of concern, COVID-19 that has impacted all aspects of our lives, including education. Hence, online classes have become a key component in the continuity of medical education, it allows the students to interact with their teacher face-to-face through the internet using online tools and so on, which can be combination of blended learning (attending classes along with virtual class). In online learning, academic dishonesty in institutions is one of the major ethical challenges which is affecting negatively on the character and personality of student. The present study is conducted to assess the perceptions and awareness of ethical issues in online learning by study participants. A self-administered online questionnaire using Google Forms® having combination of closed- and open-ended questions was given to participants. The data collected was analyzed in excel sheets using simple statistical tool. 62 (36%), out of 171 students disagreed that online teaching sessions were more effective and helped them to study better, they considered it is not effective in delivering or promoting effective teaching learning in medical education considering various barriers to it. However, 19 (76%) out of 25 faculty agreed that Online learning in medical education enables students to continue their education similar to the traditional approach. Participants awareness on ethical issues was good when using online learning systems in medical education and the students should be made fully knowledgeable about ethical issues to avoid unethical behavior during their academic period.
Assessment of Knowledge and Awareness in Handling theMedicolegal Cases among the Interns in a Tertiary Care Hospital - A Questionnaire based study
Authors: Dhivagar K , Honnungar R S , Patil N , Varman A M
Published: June 2023

In the near past, doctors are considered God by the patients but, in this era, doctors are threatened by patients by increasing trends of complaints & litigations against doctors. The doctors should have knowledge and awareness in handling medicolegal cases to minimize faults & litigations. Hence it is necessary to evaluate knowledge and awareness in handling medicolegal cases among budding doctors. The present study was conducted to assess the knowledge and awareness in handling Medicolegal cases among the Interns. Methods: This was a questionnaire based study carried out at Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Kaher. A predesigned self-structured multiple-choice questionnaire containing 21 questions was framed based on knowledge and awareness and was prepared in Google forms and sent to 116 Interns who were posted in various departments after obtaining informed consent. The results obtained in the study showed that the interns had enough knowledge about consent, inquest, and MCCD and also had enough awareness of the Consumer protection act, 2019 and issuing injury certificates but the interns lagged some knowledge in certain IPC sections, lagged awareness in maintaining MLC records and also lagged confidence in handling the medicolegal cases independently. Overall knowledge of medicolegal cases among our interns is better compared to peers but needs to be enhanced to promote knowledge and to avoid medical negligence in their future practice.
A Ten Year Retrospective Study of Poisoning Deaths in a Tertiary Care Hospital Situated in Rural Area of Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Sharma S , Arora V , Saini T , Parmar V , Sharma S , Kumar D
Published: June 2023

Acute poisoning is an important medical emergency and one of the commonest causes of unnatural deaths. Poisoning occurs when any substance interferes with normal body functions after it is swallowed, inhaled, injected, or absorbed. Toxicology is the science which deals with the properties, actions, toxicity, fatal dose, detection, estimation, treatment and autopsy findings of poisons, drugs and various chemical substances. An autopsy based retrospective study was conducted from January 2009 to December 2018 at the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Kangra at Tanda, Himachal Pradesh. All cases of deaths due to alleged poisoning brought for medico-legal autopsy were studied. The data obtained was computed and descriptive analysis of baseline characteristics was analysed and summarized. In our study, 24.48% of the total cases autopsied were of deaths occurring due to poisoning. The maximum number of cases 362 (53%) were of males followed by 321(46.99%) cases of females. Aluminium Phosphide was found to be the most commonly used poison. Peak incidence was observed in the age group 41-50 years (72.34%) in males and 21-30 years (54.27%) in females. Based on these findings preventive measures like restriction of sale and strengthening the legislature on the availability of poison, promoting poison treatment and detection centres etc. should be the main aim at this time.
Medicolegal Evaluation of Fatal Firearm injury Cases in Ethiopia: An Autopsy Study
Authors: Kiran J V K , Fereed H , Jadhav S K
Published: June 2023

Gunshot wounds are commonly encountered in forensic practice. The courts quite often specifically need to know which firearm injury is entry and which is exit. Although the examination of a recent gunshot wound is often straightforward, the appearance of the firearm wound may be affected by factors like multiple firearm injuries, putrefaction, charring. The forensic practitioner sometimes faces difficulty when the entry or exit wounds present atypically like the absence of secondary effects of discharge, as in decomposed bodies, which are supposed to determine or be specific to entry wound. Sometimes feature like abrasion collar is seen at the exit wound or is present in both entry and exit wounds as in cases of shored exit wound. This study focuses not only on the typical features which determine the entry wound but also on the few cases in which the presentation of entry and exit wounds are atypical. This study can be used in those cases of firearm injuries like multiple firearm injuries and decomposed cases.
Age Determination from Clavicle: A Radiological Study in a tertiary care centre
Authors: Narayan A
Published: June 2023

Determination of the age of an individual from the appearance and the fusion of the ossification centers is a well-accepted fact in the field of medical and legal professions. Epiphysis of bones unite during different age periods which are remarkably constant for a particular 1-3 epiphysis.
Assessment of Knowledge about Consumer Protection Act, 2019, among Medical Professionals in Chennai
Authors: Sudharson T , Diwakar R J , Karthikean S K , Sreenivasan M , Ahmed N S K , Raja V
Published: June 2023

In India, the Consumer Protection Act [COPRA] was enacted in 1986 to safeguard the interests of consumers. On November 13, 1995, the judgement of the Honourable Supreme Court of India brought medical services under the ambit of the Consumer Protection Act. All services rendered to a patient by a medical or dental practitioner are covered under the CPA, except when the service is provided free of charge, especially in charitable or governmental dispensaries, hospitals, and primary health centres. On August 9, 2019, the Consumer Protection Act of 2019 was passed and received presidential assent, repealing the Consumer Protection Act of 1986 in order to strengthen consumer rights and provide consumer justice. The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge about the Consumer Protection Act (CPA) 2019 among medical professionals in Chennai. 305 doctors from Chennai were included in the study. Out of the 305 doctors, 192 were working in teaching institutions, 48 were attached to corporate hospitals, and 65 were involved in private practise. To summarize, the mean response scores of MBBS graduates, MD/MS/DNB graduates, and DM/MCH graduates are 7.72, 8.75, and 10.55, respectively. The mean response scores of teaching faculties, corporate doctors, and private practitioners are 8.91, 8.85, and 8.04, respectively. The mean awareness score about CPA 2019 among the total study population is 8.71. The results of the present study showed that a majority of the study population has reasonable knowledge about CPA, but in-depth knowledge is lacking.
A Study on Employee Attrition Rate in Coir Industry
Authors: Dr. A. Jayanthi  , V. Vishnu Prabu
Published: June 2023

Employee attrition, the rate at which employees voluntarily leave an organization, poses significant challenges to the Coir industry, a sector involved in the production and processing of natural fiber extracted from coconut husks. High attrition rates can adversely impact productivity, disrupt operations, increase costs, and hinder organizational growth. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the factors contributing to attrition and develop effective strategies to mitigate its negative effects. The study utilizes a mixed-methods approach, incorporating both quantitative and qualitative research methodologies. The quantitative phase involves collecting attrition data from multiple Coir industry companies over a specified period. The data includes employee turnover rates, demographics, job roles, tenure, and reasons for departure. Statistical analysis techniques such as regression analysis and correlation tests will be employed to determine the relationship between attrition and various factors, including job satisfaction, compensation, career development opportunities, work-life balance, and organizational culture.
Un par de guantes rojos
Authors: Dash Sahasranshu
Published: June 2023

Sahasranshu Dash, el poeta que inaugura nuestra colección nació en 1991 en Odisha, uno de los veintinueve estados de la India. El autor reconoce la influencia de Tagore, los poetas indios modernos, los existencialistas y nihilistas del siglo XX, como también y especialmente de J. M. Coetzee. Esta diversidad en su formación se nutre también de la cultura hispanoamericana, especialmente García Márquez y Borges. Esta conjunción de voces no es ajena a la producción de los poemas que el autor presenta en Un par de guantes rojos.

Los poemas de Dash también están en sintonía con el ritmo y la angustia del mundo moderno, apoyados en su formación de economista, en sus escritos sobre relaciones internacionales, la geopolítica del abandono y la explotación. Fiel a su pensamiento antichovinista, despliega (y no es un dato menor) una mirada crítica y racional sobre el mundo actual, complejo y caótico, con unas circunstancias económicas y políticas que parecen oscurecer el futuro inmediato.
MUSIC ELEMENT in The 13th EPIC of DEDE KORKUT
Authors: GÖKÇE Elif Nun
Published: June 2023

Öz
Sekizinci asırda, Orta Asya’da örgütlü bir yönetim altında, Türk dillerinin Oğuz kolunu oluşturan ve “Türk Halkı” olarak bilinen Oğuzlar, konfederasyon şeklinde “Oğuz Yabgu Devleti’ni” kurmuşlardır. On dört asır önce doğmuş ve günümüze ulaşmış “Dede Korkut Oğuznameleri” ışığında, İran, Irak, Azerbaycan, Türkiye, Türkmenistan Türklerinin atası olarak bilinen ve bir Türk kavmi olan Oğuzların yaşayışını, sosyal, kültürel değerlerini, zenginliklerini anlamak, bugüne yansıyan ya da yansımış olan öz değerlerinin izini sürmek köklerimizi anlamak açısından önemlidir. Özgün Adı "Kitab-ı Dedem Korkut Ala Lisan-ı Taife-i Oğuzan” olan kitabenin içindeki bir önsöz ve on iki hikâyeden yola çıkarak arkeoloji, tarih ve sanat perspektifiyle birlikte dönemin musiki üretimini edebi açıdan güfte ve beste örgüsü içinde irdelemek, gerek çalgı gerekse icra unsurlarını tarif edebilmek geçmiş, bugün ve gelecek örüntüsü için kıymetlidir.
1815 yılında keşfedilmesinden bu yana hikâyelerin özgünlüğü, kim ya da kimler tarafından yaratıldığı, her hangi başka bir efsaneden alıntılanılarak mı yaratıldığı gibi birçok soruya cevap aranmaktadır. Tüm bu çalışmalara ek olarak 2019 yılında 13. Bir Oğuznamenin daha ortaya çıktığının ilan edilmesiyle bilim dünyası bir kez daha çalışma alanının sınırlarının ucunun açık olabileceği gerçeğini görmüştür. Elimizde var olan yazmalardan daha eski olduğu anlaşılan 13. Dede Korkut hikâyesi, diğerlerinde olduğu gibi yiğitlik, mertlik, olağanüstü olayları manzum ve nesir bölümleriyle birlikte olarak vermektedir.
13. Dede Korkut Hikâyesinin tam metni henüz yayınlanmadığından, makale olarak yayımlanan kısmındaki musiki unsurunun yerini ve içeriğini tespit etmek, geçmiş köklerimizi anlayabilmek adına heyecan vericidir.
Kehidupan Murid Kristus Berdasarkan 1 Petrus 3:8-17
Authors: Lestari Eni
Published: June 2023

The world is entering a new era, that's why we have to prepare a new social system as well. Many discussions lately talked about efforts to increase human resources. Likewise in the world of ministry, believers must be willing to improve their quality to respond those changes. A proper understanding of this ongoing era is necessarily needed to prepare well. Peter gave this important advice in his day, which is also very urgent for the church today. How should Christ's disciple live in this new era? This article was created to remind how disciples of Christ should live their lives, especially exploring the Bible in 1 Peter 3:8-17. The first part will examine aspects of personal life (faith in Christ, Christlike character, shunning evil and seeking peace). The second part is about the life of service which will describe the readiness to give accountability and to suffer for the truth.
Eksplorasi Metafora Keburukan Israel Berdasarkan Hosea 7 Sebagai Retrospeksi Spiritualitas Umat
Authors: Saputro Anon Dwi
Published: June 2023

This article explores the metaphor of Israel's ugliness in Hosea 7 as a retrospective of the people's spirituality. This research is motivated by the need for more research that comprehensively discusses the metaphors of Hosea 7. Some studies only discuss one or two metaphors from the four metaphors described by Hosea 7. The method used is thematic analysis modeling. In the study, the author will pay attention to the interconnectedness of the text in the context of Hosea 7 and the book of Hosea as a whole through the lens of metaphor. The study found that the metaphor refers to the wickedness and sin committed by Israel. It is related to adultery and power; her identity has become blurred and contaminated with other nations; they joined the nations to gather strength rather than relying on God and have worshipped idols. The exploration of metaphors in Hosea 7 is a retrospective study of people's spirituality. Learning from Israel's ugliness enables retrospection so as not to repeat the same mistakes and make the people more attached to God.