bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) yang berasosiasi dengan tanaman hortikultura di Jawa Barat dan kunci identifikasi jenis
Authors: Subagyo Vani Nur Oktaviany , Hidayat Purnama , Rauf Aunu , Sartiami Dewi
Published: March 2016

Trips anggota suku Thripidae sebagian besar jenisnya berperan sebagai hama pada tanaman hortikultura. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk inventarisasi trips yang berasosiasi dengan tanaman hortikultura di wilayah sentra produksi Jawa Barat serta menyediakan kunci identifikasinya. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada beberapa tanaman hortikultura di wilayah Bogor, Cianjur, dan Lembang (Bandung Barat). Proses identifikasi diawali dengan pembuatan preparat slide dan dokumentasi karakter dari setiap jenis. Identifikasi mengacu pada program identifikasi Oztrips dan beberapa kunci identifikasi lainnya yang sudah dipublikasikan. Kunci identifikasi dikotomi dibuat berdasarkan persamaan dan perbedaan karakter diagnosis dari setiap jenis yang diperoleh. Hasil identifikasi ditemukan 15 jenis trips, yaitu Ceratothripoides brunneus, C. revelatus, Frankliniella intonsa, Megalurothrips typicus, M. usitatus, Scirtothrips dorsalis, Thrips aspinus, T. coloratus, T. hawaiiensis, T. javanicus, T. malloti, T. palmi, T. parvispinus, T. sumatrensis, dan T. unispinus. Dua jenis diantaranya, yaitu T. aspinus dan C. revelatus merupakan catatan baru di Indonesia.
Aplikasi campuran serbuk kayu pinus dan fipronil sebagai umpan rayap tanah Macrotermes gilvus (Hagen) (Isoptera: Termitidae) di Bandung
Authors: Amran Amran , Ahmad Intan , Putra Ramadhani Eka , Kuswanto Eko
Published: March 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji penggunaan umpan serbuk kayu pinus yang dicampur dengan insektisida berdaya kerja lambat fipronil, dalam mengendalikan rayap tanah Macrotermes gilvus (Hagen) (Isoptera: Termitidae) di Bandung. Pada penelitian ini juga dilakukan pendugaan ukuran koloni rayap dengan menggunakan metode capture-mark-release-recapture, serta berat kayu yang dimakan untuk setiap stasiun pengamatan. Hasil perkiraan menunjukkan bahwa 77.951 individu rayap pekerja berada di daerah teritori seluas 234 m2, dengan banyaknya konsumsi kayu berkisar antara 0,02–6,16 g/stasiun/hari selama empat bulan pengamatan. Pengamatan pada 18 stasiun yang telah diberi umpan yang terbuat dari campuran 40 ppm fipronil dan serbuk kayu pinus menunjukkan bahwa setelah 40 hari aplikasi umpan telah terjadi penurunan aktivitas mencari makan dari rayap pekerja M. gilvus. Oleh karena itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa campuran serbuk kayu pinus dan fipronil efektif dalam menekan populasi rayap pekerja M. gilvus, yang berperan sebagai pencari makan dalam waktu 40 hari.
Keefektifan ekstrak Piper retrofractum Vahl., Anonna squamosa L. dan Tephrosia vogelii Hook. serta campurannya terhadap imago kutu putih pepaya Paracoccus marginatus Williams & Granara de Willink (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)
Authors: Asnan Trijanti A. Widinni , Sartiami Dewi , Anwar Ruly , Dadang Dadang
Published: March 2016

Paracoccus marginatus Williams & Granara de Willink (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) merupakan hama penting pada tanaman pepaya. Salah satu kendala dalam pengendalian hama ini adalah adanya lapisan lilin yang menutupi tubuh serangga sehingga pengendalian dengan insektisida kurang efektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui keefektifan ekstrak Piper retrofractum (Pr), Anonna squamosa (As), dan Tephrosia vogelii (Tv) serta campurannya untuk mengendalikan P. marginatus. Setiap ekstrak diuji terhadap imago betina P. marginatus dengan metode semprot serangga pada daun dan setiap perlakuan diamati mortalitasnya pada 24, 48, dan 72 jam setelah perlakuan (JSP). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada taraf LC95 - 72 JSP, ekstrak Tv dan As 3 kali lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan Pr terhadap imago P. marginatus. Konsentrasi ekstrak tunggal yang efektif untuk mematikan sekitar 95% populasi P. marginatus (LC95) adalah 1,250% (Tv), 1,482% (Pr), dan 0,469% (As). Campuran ekstrak Tv + As (2 : 1 w/w) dan As + Pr (2 : 1 w/w) sekitar 1,67 kali lebih efektif terhadap imago P. marginatus daripada campuran ekstrak Tv + Pr (2 : 1 w/w). Berdasarkan indeks kombinasi pada pengamatan 72 JSP, campuran ekstrak Tv + As dan Tv + Pr bersifat sinergistik lemah, sedangkan campuran ekstrak As + Pr bersifat aditif. Selain menimbulkan kematian, perlakuan dengan menggunakan semua ekstrak uji juga mengganggu proses pembentukan lilin yang menutupi telur (kantung telur). Dengan demikian, ekstrak Pr, As, dan Tv, serta campurannya pada perbandingan tertentu berpotensi untuk digunakan sebagai salah satu alternatif dalam pengendalian hama P. marginatus karena memiliki toksisitas dan sifat campuran yang cukup baik.
Quality control in oocytes by p63 is based on a spring-loaded activation mechanism on the molecular and cellular level
Authors: Coutandin Daniel , Osterburg Christian , Srivastav Ratnesh Kumar , Sumyk Manuela , Kehrloesser Sebastian , Gebel Jakob , Tuppi Marcel , Hannewald Jens , Schäfer Birgit , Salah Eidarus , Mathea Sebastian , Müller-Kuller Uta , Doutch James , Grez Manuel , Knapp Stefan , Dötsch Volker
Published: March 2016

Mammalian oocytes are arrested in the dictyate stage of meiotic prophase I for long periods of time, during which the high concentration of the p53 family member TAp63α sensitizes them to DNA damage-induced apoptosis. TAp63α is kept in an inactive and exclusively dimeric state but undergoes rapid phosphorylation-induced tetramerization and concomitant activation upon detection of DNA damage. Here we show that the TAp63α dimer is a kinetically trapped state. Activation follows a spring-loaded mechanism not requiring further translation of other cellular factors in oocytes and is associated with unfolding of the inhibitory structure that blocks the tetramerization interface. Using a combination of biophysical methods as well as cell and ovary culture experiments we explain how TAp63α is kept inactive in the absence of DNA damage but causes rapid oocyte elimination in response to a few DNA double strand breaks thereby acting as the key quality control factor in maternal reproduction.
Thinking differently about lupus
Authors: Wuster Arthur , Behrens Timothy W
Published: March 2016

A search for the genetic causes of an autoimmune disease called systemic lupus erythematosus reveals a new twist on an old story.
High-efficiency p–i–n superstrate amorphous Si solar cells on SiOx periodic arrays of three-dimensional microstructure prepared by soft imprinting
Authors: Niikura Chisato , Chowdhury Amartya , Janthong Bancha , Sichanugrist Porponth , Konagai Makoto
Published: March 2016

Efficient amorphous Si thin-film solar cells in a p–i–n superstrate configuration with a high initial conversion efficiency of 10.3% were successfully fabricated on periodically three-dimensional (3D) micropatterned SiO
x
/glass substrates prepared by soft imprinting. Conformal film deposition on a 3D microstructure was realized owing to the shape of our newly designed 3D pattern and the triode plasma-enhanced CVD technique, which enables the selective transport of favorable film precursors to the substrate surface. The nanoscale surface texture of the front transparent conductive oxide layer was found to be crucial for optical confinement, unexceptionally for amorphous Si solar cells on a 3D microstructure, which results in an improved short-circuit current density.
Effect of gas residence time on near-edge X-ray absorption fine structures of hydrogenated amorphous carbon films grown by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Jia Lingyun , Sugiura Hirotsugu , Kondo Hiroki , Takeda Keigo , Ishikawa Kenji , Oda Osamu , Sekine Makoto , Hiramatsu Mineo , Hori Masaru
Published: March 2016

In hydrogenated amorphous carbon films, deposited using a radical-injection plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition system, the chemical bonding structure was analyzed by near-edge X-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy. With a change in the residence times of source gases in a reactor, whereby total gas flow rates of H2/CH4 increased from 50 to 400 sccm, sp2-C fractions showed the minimum value at 150 sccm, while H concentration negligibly changed according to the results of secondary ion mass spectroscopy. On the other hand, widths of σ* C–C peaks increased with decreasing gas residence time, which indicates an increase in the fluctuation of bonding structures.
Photoinduced top-gate effect in amorphous InGaZnO4 thin-film transistors
Authors: Takechi Kazushige , Tanabe Hiroshi
Published: March 2016

In this paper, we will discuss the top-gate effect under illumination in amorphous InGaZnO4 thin-film transistors (a-InGaZnO TFTs) having a transparent top-gate electrode. The dependence of bottom-gate transfer characteristics on top-gate voltage (V
tg) shows a specific behavior under 425 nm light illumination, which we call the “photoinduced top-gate effect”. The subthreshold current under 425 nm light illumination, whose photon energy is smaller than the optical bandgap of a-InGaZnO, increases with increasing magnitude of negative V
tg. Measurements at various temperatures support the idea that the photoinduced top-gate effect arises from a tunneling mechanism due to a negative V
tg.
A 600-µW ultra-low-power associative processor for image pattern recognition employing magnetic tunnel junction-based nonvolatile memories with autonomic intelligent power-gating scheme
Authors: Ma Yitao , Miura Sadahiko , Honjo Hiroaki , Ikeda Shoji , Hanyu Takahiro , Ohno Hideo , Endoh Tetsuo
Published: March 2016

A novel associative processor using magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ)-based nonvolatile memories has been proposed and fabricated under a 90 nm CMOS/70 nm perpendicular-MTJ (p-MTJ) hybrid process for achieving the exceptionally low-power performance of image pattern recognition. A four-transistor 2-MTJ (4T-2MTJ) spin transfer torque magnetoresistive random access memory was adopted to completely eliminate the standby power. A self-directed intelligent power-gating (IPG) scheme specialized for this associative processor is employed to optimize the operation power by only autonomously activating currently accessed memory cells. The operations of a prototype chip at 20 MHz are demonstrated by measurement. The proposed processor can successfully carry out single texture pattern matching within 6.5 µs using 128-dimension bag-of-feature patterns, and the measured average operation power of the entire processor core is only 600 µW. Compared with the twin chip designed with 6T static random access memory, 91.2% power reductions are achieved. More than 88.0% power reductions are obtained compared with the latest associative memories. The further power performance analysis is discussed in detail, which verifies the special superiority of the proposed processor in power consumption for large-capacity memory-based VLSI systems.
Mussel biofiltration effects on attached bacteria and unicellular eukaryotes in fish-rearing seawater
Authors: Voudanta Eleni , Kormas Konstantinos Ar , Monchy Sebastién , Delegrange Alice , Vincent Dorothée , Genitsaris Savvas , Christaki Urania
Published: March 2016

Mussel biofiltration is a widely used approach for the mitigation of aquaculture water. In this study, we investigated the effect of mussel biofiltration on the communities of particle-associated bacteria and unicellular eukaryotes in a sea bass aquaculture in southern North Sea. We assessed the planktonic community changes before and after biofiltration based on the diversity of the 16S and 18S rRNA genes by using next generation sequencing technologies. Although there was no overall reduction in the operational taxonomic units (OTU) numbers between the control (no mussels) and the test (with mussels) tanks, a clear reduction in the relative abundance of the top three most dominant OTUs in every sampling time was observed, ranging between 2–28% and 16–82% for Bacteria and Eukarya, respectively. The bacterial community was dominated by OTUs related to phytoplankton blooms and/or high concentrations of detritus. Among the eukaryotes, several fungal and parasitic groups were found. Their relative abundance in most cases was also reduced from the control to the test tanks; a similar decreasing pattern was also observed for both major higher taxa and functional (trophic) groups. Overall, this study showed the effectiveness of mussel biofiltration on the decrease of microbiota abundance and diversity in seawater fueling fish farms.
The impact of serum uric acid on the natural history of glomerular filtration rate: a retrospective study in the general population
Authors: Xu Ying , Liu Xiang , Sun Xiaohe , Wang Yibing
Published: March 2016

Serum uric acid (SUA) level has been proposed to have important connections with chronic kidney disease (CKD), while the impact of SUA level on the natural history of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decline remains unknown. The present study aims to study the association of the SUA level with the GFR decline in a general population. Two thousand, seven hundred and eighty-nine subjects who visited the Health Checkup Clinic both at 2008 and 2013 were identified. A significant inverse correlation was observed between change in SUA from 2008–2013 (ΔSUA) and change in eGFR (ΔeGFR) during the same period. Multivariate regression analysis of ΔeGFR indicated that the increase in SUA over time were a negative predictor of the change in eGFR. Our result indicates that the decline of eGFR over years is larger in subjects with an increased SUA level, which helps to underline the importance of SUA level management in the context of kidney function preservation.
Intersexual chemo-sensation in a “visually-oriented” lizard,Anolis sagrei
Authors: Baeckens Simon , Driessens Tess , Van Damme Raoul
Published: March 2016

While the conspicuous visual displays of anoles have been studied in great depth, the possibility that these lizards may also interact through chemical signalling has received hardly any consideration. In this study, we observed the behaviour of male brown anoles (Anolis sagrei) when introduced into an environment previously inhabited by female conspecifics, and compared it to when they were introduced into an untreated environment. The males in our tests exhibited significantly more elaborate display behaviour (i.e., greater number of dewlap extensions and head-nods) and a significantly greater number of tongue extrusions while in the cage formerly occupied by females than when placed in the untreated, control cage. The absolute numbers of tongue extrusions, however, were relatively low in comparison to average tongue-flick rates of ‘true’ chemically-oriented lizards. Our results strongly suggest that the males were capable of detecting chemical cues left behind by the females. These observations provide the first evidence of intersexual chemo-sensation in an anole lizard.
What doesn’t kill them makes them stronger: an association between elongation factor 1-αoverdominance in the sea starPisaster ochraceusand “sea star wasting disease”
Authors: Wares John P. , Schiebelhut Lauren M.
Published: March 2016

In recent years, a massive mortality event has killed millions of sea stars, of many different species, along the Pacific coast of North America. This disease event, known as ‘sea star wasting disease’ (SSWD), is linked to viral infection. In one affected sea star (Pisaster ochraceus), previous work had identified that the elongation factor 1-αlocus (EF1A) harbored an intronic insertion allele that is lethal when homozygous yet appears to be maintained at moderate frequency in populations through increased fitness for heterozygotes. The environmental conditions supporting this increased fitness are unknown, but overdominance is often associated with disease. Here, we evaluate populations ofP. ochraceusto identify the relationship between SSWD and EF1A genotype. Our data suggest that there may be significantly decreased occurrence of SSWD in individuals that are heterozygous at this locus. These results suggest further studies are warranted to understand the functional relationship between diversity at EF1A and survival inP. ochraceus.
Empirical algorithms to estimate water column pH in the Southern Ocean
Authors: Williams N. L. , Juranek L. W. , Johnson K. S. , Feely R. A. , Riser S. C. , Talley L. D. , Russell J. L. , Sarmiento J. L. , Wanninkhof R.
Published: March 2016

Empirical algorithms are developed using high‐quality GO‐SHIP hydrographic measurements of commonly measured parameters (temperature, salinity, pressure, nitrate, and oxygen) that estimate pH in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean. The coefficients of determination, R2, are 0.98 for pH from nitrate (pHN) and 0.97 for pH from oxygen (pHOx) with RMS errors of 0.010 and 0.008, respectively. These algorithms are applied to Southern Ocean Carbon and Climate Observations and Modeling (SOCCOM) biogeochemical profiling floats, which include novel sensors (pH, nitrate, oxygen, fluorescence, and backscatter). These algorithms are used to estimate pH on floats with no pH sensors and to validate and adjust pH sensor data from floats with pH sensors. The adjusted float data provide, for the first time, seasonal cycles in surface pH on weekly resolution that range from 0.05 to 0.08 on weekly resolution for the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean.
An analytical model for real gas flow in shale nanopores with non‐circular cross‐section
Authors: Ren Wenxi , Li Gensheng , Tian Shouceng , Sheng Mao , Fan Xin
Published: March 2016

An analytical model for gas transport in shale media is proposed on the basis of the linear superposition of convective flow and Knudsen diffusion, which is free of tangential momentum accommodation coefficient. The present model takes into the effect of pore shape and real gas, and is successfully validated against experimental data and Lattice–Boltzmann simulation results. Gas flow in noncircular nanopores can be accounted by a dimensionless geometry correction factor. In continuum‐flow regime, pore shape has a relatively minor impact on gas transport capacity; the effect of pore shape on gas transport capacity enhances significantly with increasing rarefaction. Additionally, gas transport capacity is strongly dependent of average pore size and streamline tortuosity. We also show that the present model without using weighted factor can describe the variable contribution of convective flow and Knudsen diffusion to the total flow. As pressure and pore radius decrease, the number of molecule‐wall collisions gradually predominates over the number of intermolecule collisions, and thus Knudsen diffusion contributes more to the total flow. The parameters in the present model can be determined from independent laboratory experiments. We have the confidence that the present model can provide some theoretical support in numerical simulation of shale gas production. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 2893–2901, 2016
Elbow‐ and hinge‐bending motions of IgG: Dielectric response and dynamic feature
Authors: Hayashi Yoshihito , Yagihara Shin
Published: March 2016

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is a Y‐shaped globular protein consisting of two Fab segments connecting to an Fc segment with a flexible hinge region, in which the Fab segments show secondary flexibility at an “elbow” region. In the present work, the hinge‐bending and elbow‐bending motions of aqueous solutions of IgG by microwave dielectric measurements below the freezing point of bulk water was observed. The presence of unfreezable water around the macromolecules reduced the effects of steric hindrance normally generated by ice and enabled the intramolecular motions of IgG. At the same time, the overall IgG molecule rotation was restricted by ice. Papain digestion and reduction of the disulfide linkage at the hinge region was used to generate Fab and Fc fragments. In solutions of these fragments, the dielectric relaxation process of the hinge‐bending motion was absent, although the elbow‐bending motion remained. Three relaxation processes were observed for papain‐digested IgG. The high, middle, and low frequency processes were attributed to unfrozen water, local peptide motions cooperating with bound water, and the elbow‐bending motion, respectively. In the case of the intact IgG, an additional relaxation process due to the hinge‐bending motion was observed at frequencies lower than that of the elbow‐bending motion. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 105: 626–632, 2016.
Genetic testing for Lynch syndrome in the province of Ontario
Authors: Wang Marina , Aldubayan Saud , Connor Ashton A. , Wong Beatrix , Mcnamara Kate , Khan Tahsin , Semotiuk Kara , Khalouei Sam , Holter Spring , Aronson Melyssa , Cohen Zane , Gallinger Steve , Charames George , Pollett Aaron , Lerner‐Ellis Jordan
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND

In November 2001, genetic testing for Lynch syndrome (LS) was introduced by the Ministry of Health and Long‐Term Care (MOH) in Ontario for individuals at high risk for LS cancers according to either tumor immunohistochemistry staining or their family history. This article describes the outcomes of the program and makes recommendations for improving it and informing other public health care programs.

METHODS

Subjects were referred for molecular testing of the mismatch repair (MMR) genes MutL homolog 1, MutS homolog 2, and MutS homolog 6 if they met 1 of 7 MOH criteria. Testing was conducted from January 2001 to March 2015 at the Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory of Mount Sinai Hospital in Toronto.

RESULTS

A total of 1452 subjects were tested. Of the 662 subjects referred for testing because their tumor was immunodeficient for 1 or more of the MMR genes, 251 (37.9%) carried a germline mutation. In addition, 597 subjects were tested for a known family mutation, and 298 (49.9%) were positive; 189 of these 298 subjects (63.4%) were affected with cancer at the time of testing. An additional 193 subjects were referred because of a family history of LS, and 34 of these (17.6%) had a mutation identified.

CONCLUSIONS

These results indicate that the provincial criteria are useful in identifying LS carriers after an MMR‐deficient tumor is identified. Placing greater emphasis on testing unaffected relatives in families with a known mutation may identify more unaffected carriers and facilitate primary prevention in those individuals. Cancer 2016;122:1672‐9. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Relevance in cyber‐physical systems with humans in the loop
Authors: Gopalakrishna Aravind Kota , Ozcelebi Tanir , Lukkien Johan J. , Liotta Antonio
Published: March 2016

In cyber‐physical systems such as intelligent lighting, the system responds autonomously to observed changes in the environment. In such systems, more than one output may be acceptable for a given input scenario. This type of relationship between the input and output makes it difficult to analyze machine learning algorithms using commonly used performance metrics such as classification accuracy (CA). CA only measures whether a predicted output is right or not, whereas it is more important to determine whether the predicted output is relevant for the given context or not. In this direction, we introduce a new metric, the relevance score (RS) that is effective for the class of applications where user perception leads to non‐deterministic input–output relationships. RS determines the extent by which a predicted output is relevant to the user's context and behaviors, taking into account the variability and bias that come with human perception factors. We assess the performance of a number of machine learning algorithms, using different datasets, including data from an intelligent lighting pilot. We find that using RS instead of CA is appropriate to analyze the performance of conventional machine learning algorithms, particularly for the class of non‐deterministic multiple‐output problems. Our method may be applied to other scenarios in which cyber‐physical systems involve humans in the control loop. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CD19 negative precursor B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL)—Immunophenotypic challenges in diagnosis and monitoring: A study of three cases
Authors: Ghodke Kiran , Bibi Asma , Rabade Nikhil , Patkar Nikhil , Subramanian P. G. , Kadam Pratibha Aamre , Badrinath Y. , Ghogale Sitaram , Gujral Sumeet , Tembhare Prashant
Published: March 2016

Background

CD19 is a B‐cell specific marker, expressed on all stages of B‐lymphocytes including plasma cells. It is widely used in the flow cytometric immunophenotyping (FCI) of B‐cell and plasma cell malignancies. The analysis approach of FCI for the diagnosis and monitoring of B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL) is totally based on the CD19‐based primary gating strategy and it would be challenging to study B‐ALL without CD19 expression. Since CD19 negative B‐ALL are extremely rare, we report three cases of B‐ALL with negative expression of CD19 and discussed its implication in the diagnosis, residual disease monitoring and future targeted therapy.

Methods

Peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) samples from three cases suspicious of acute leukemia were studied for morphology, cytochemistry, immunophenotyping and cytogenetics. FCI was performed using a comprehensive six to eight‐color multiparametric assay. The cytogenetic studies for standard recurrent genetic translocations were performed by FISH & Karyotyping.

Results

The three cases studied were diagnosed as B‐ALL based on the expression of CD10, CD20, CD22, CD34, and CD79a by leukemic blasts. CD19 was studied using two different clones (i.e. J3‐119 & HIB‐19) and found to be severely down regulated in all three cases. There were no significant differentiating features in morphology. Cytogenetic studies were negative for recurrent translocations.

Conclusion

We report three cases of extremely rare CD19 negative B‐ALL. Lack of awareness of negative CD19 expression in B‐ALL can leads to incorrect immunophenotypic diagnosis and monitoring of B‐ALL, especially in laboratories using limited markers. © 2016 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Correctness and concurrent complexity of the Black-White Bakery Algorithm
Authors: Hesselink Wim H.
Published: March 2016

Lamport’s Bakery Algorithm (Commun ACM 17:453–455,
1974
) implements mutual exclusion for a fixed number of threads with the first-come first-served property. It has the disadvantage, however, that it uses integer communication variables that can become arbitrarily large. Taubenfeld’s Black-White Bakery Algorithm (Proceedings of the DISC. LNCS, vol 3274, pp 56–70,
2004
) keeps the integers bounded, and is adaptive in the sense that the time complexity only depends on the number of competing threads, say
N
. The present paper offers an assertional proof of correctness and shows that the concurrent complexity for throughput is linear in
N
, and for individual progress is quadratic in
N
. This is proved with a bounded version of UNITY, i.e., by assertional means.
Synthesis and Surface Activities of Novel Succinic Acid Double‐Tailed Sulfonate Fluorinated Surfactants
Authors: Zhang Luqing , Geng Bing , Lu Quanxuan , Xu Anhou , Zhang Shuxiang
Published: March 2016

In this study, four environmentally friendly succinic acid double‐tailed sulfonate fluorinated surfactants were synthesized from maleic anhydride, fluoroalkyl alcohols, namely 1‐(1H,1H,7H‐Dodecafluoroheptyloxy) ethanol, 1‐(1H,1H,5H ‐octafluoropentyloxy) ethanol, 1‐(1H,1H,3H‐tetrafluoropropoxy) ethanol, and 1‐(1H,1H ‐trifluoroethyoxy) ethanol, and sodium hydrogensulfite. The surfactant structure was characterized by FT‐IR, 1H NMR, and 19F NMR. Thermogravimetric results showed that the fluorinated surfactants were stable up to relatively high temperature. The Krafft points of the four novel succinic acid double‐tailed sulfonate fluorinated surfactants were all below 0 °C. The lowest CMC value for the synthesized four double‐tailed fluorine surfactants is about 0.076 mmol L−1, far less than that of ammonium perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), demonstrating that double‐tailed surfactants have higher surface activity than surfactants with one fluoroalkyl chain. The replacement of alkyl groups with oxyethylene groups enhances the hydrophilicity of the obtained fluorinated surfactants. Based on these findings, the synthesized surfactants may be environmentally friendly alternatives to PFOA and exhibit promising potential in industry applications.
Estimation of the Intestinal Absorption and Metabolism Behaviors of 2‐ and 3‐Monochloropropanediol Esters
Authors: Kaze Naoki , Watanabe Yomi , Sato Hirofumi , Murota Kaeko , Kotaniguchi Miyako , Yamamoto Hiroshi , Inui Hiroshi , Kitamura Shinichi
Published: March 2016

The regioisomers of the di‐ and mono‐oleate of monochloropropanediol (MCPD) have been synthesized and subsequently hydrolyzed with pancreatic lipase and pancreatin to estimate the intestinal digestion and absorption of these compounds after their intake. The hydrolysates were analyzed by HPLC using a corona charged aerosol detection system, which allowed for the separation and detection of the different regioisomers of the MCPD esters. The hydrolysates were also analyzed by GC–MS to monitor the free MCPD. The results indicated that the two acyl groups of 2‐MCPD‐1,3‐dioleate were smoothly hydrolyzed by pancreatic lipase and pancreatin to give free 2‐MCPD. In contrast, the hydrolysis of 3‐MCPD‐1,2‐dioleate proceeded predominantly at the primary position to produce 3‐MCPD‐2‐oleate. 2‐MCPD‐1‐oleate and 3‐MCPD‐1‐oleate were further hydrolyzed to free 2‐ and 3‐MCPD by pancreatic lipase and pancreatin, although the hydrolysis of 3‐MCPD‐2‐oleate was 80 % slower than that of 3‐MCPD‐1‐oleate. The intestinal absorption characteristics of these compounds were evaluated in vitro using a Caco‐2 cell monolayer. The results revealed that the MCPD monooleates, but not the MCPD dioleates, were hydrolyzed to produce the free MCPD in the presence of the Caco‐2 cells. The resulting free MCPD permeated the Caco‐2 monolayer most likely via a diffusion mechanism because their permeation profiles were independent of the dose. Similar permeation profiles were obtained for 2‐ and 3‐MCPDs.
Only Nato Can Defend Europe
Authors: Bugajski Janusz
Published: March 2016

Twenty-five years after the end of the Cold War, there is no viable alternative to NATO's security umbrella over an expanded Europe. The eastern part of the continent is confronting a revisionist and expansionist Russia. Its stability can only be ensured by an effective alliance that establishes permanent bases in the most vulnerable regions as a deterrent to Moscow's aggression. A strong US presence within a broad alliance that includes all of Europe's democracies is in America's national interest and that of all NATO members. This is needed to preserve security across the European continent and to assist in confronting assorted threats to the transatlantic commonwealth.
International note: Maternal warmth, behavioral control, and psychological control: Relations to adjustment of Ghanaian early adolescents
Authors: Salaam Braima , Mounts Nina S.
Published: March 2016

This investigation addressed the relation between maternal warmth, behavioral control, psychological control, and psychological adjustment in a sample of 119 Ghanaian adolescents (42% boys) living in an urban area (mean age = 14.19). Adolescents in the sample reported clinically elevated levels of depression and anxiety. Significant associations were found between warmth, behavioral control, and psychological control and adolescents' anxiety, physical aggression, relational aggression, positive friendship quality, and conflict with friends. Warmth moderated the effect of behavioral control on anxiety, physical aggression, and relational aggression such that higher levels of warmth in combination with higher levels of behavioral control were related to more positive adjustment. Higher levels of warmth in conjunction with higher psychological control were related to higher levels of anxiety. Boys who reported lower levels of warmth in combination with higher behavioral control reported higher levels of physical aggression. For boys reporting higher levels of warmth, higher behavioral control was associated with lower physical aggression.
A small group Whiplash-Associated-Disorders (WAD) patients with central neck pain and movement induced stabbing pain, the painful segment determined by mechanical provocation: Fusion surgery was superior to multimodal rehabilitation in a randomized trial
Authors: Nyström Bo , Svensson Elisabeth , Larsson Svante , Schillberg Birgitta , Mörk Ann , Taube Adam
Published: March 2016

Graphical Abstract
THE STRENGTH OF ABSTRACTION WITH PREDICATIVE COMPREHENSION
Authors: WALSH SEAN
Published: March 2016

Frege’s theorem says that second-order Peano arithmetic is interpretable in Hume’s Principle and full impredicative comprehension. Hume’s Principle is one example of anabstraction principle, while another paradigmatic example is Basic Law V from Frege’sGrundgesetze. In this paper we study the strength of abstraction principles in the presence of predicative restrictions on the comprehension schema, and in particular we study a predicative Fregean theory which contains all the abstraction principles whose underlying equivalence relations can be proven to be equivalence relations in a weak background second-order logic. We show that this predicative Fregean theory interprets second-order Peano arithmetic (cf. Theorem 3.2).
CONSTRUCTIVE GEOMETRY AND THE PARALLEL POSTULATE
Authors: BEESON MICHAEL
Published: March 2016

Euclidean geometry, as presented by Euclid, consists of straightedge-and-compass constructions and rigorous reasoning about the results of those constructions. We show that Euclidean geometry can be developed using only intuitionistic logic. This involves finding “uniform” constructions where normally a case distinction is used. For example, in finding a perpendicular to line L through point p, one usually uses two different constructions, “erecting” a perpendicular when p is on L, and “dropping” a perpendicular when p is not on L, but in constructive geometry, it must be done without a case distinction. Classically, the models of Euclidean (straightedge-and-compass) geometry are planes over Euclidean fields. We prove a similar theorem for constructive Euclidean geometry, by showing how to define addition and multiplication without a case distinction about the sign of the arguments. With intuitionistic logic, there are two possible definitions of Euclidean fields, which turn out to correspond to different versions of the parallel postulate.

We consider three versions of Euclid’s parallel postulate. The two most important are Euclid’s own formulation in his Postulate 5, which says that under certain conditions two lines meet, and Playfair’s axiom (dating from 1795), which says there cannot be two distinct parallels to line L through the same point p. These differ in that Euclid 5 makes an existence assertion, while Playfair’s axiom does not. The third variant, which we call the strong parallel postulate, isolates the existence assertion from the geometry: it amounts to Playfair’s axiom plus the principle that two distinct lines that are not parallel do intersect. The first main result of this paper is that Euclid 5 suffices to define coordinates, addition, multiplication, and square roots geometrically.

We completely settle the questions about implications between the three versions of the parallel postulate. The strong parallel postulate easily implies Euclid 5, and Euclid 5 also implies the strong parallel postulate, as a corollary of coordinatization and definability of arithmetic. We show that Playfair does not imply Euclid 5, and we also give some other independence results. Our independence proofs are given without discussing the exact choice of the other axioms of geometry; all we need is that one can interpret the geometric axioms in Euclidean field theory. The independence proofs use Kripke models of Euclidean field theories based on carefully constructed rings of real-valued functions. “Field elements” in these models are real-valued functions.
Guideline-Concordant Versus Discordant Antimicrobial Therapy in Patients With Community-Onset Complicated Intra-abdominal Infections
Authors: Huang Lori L. , Van Schooneveld Trevor C. , Huang Robert D. , Olsen Keith M. , Rupp Mark E. , Gross Alan E.
Published: March 2016

Overall IDSA/SIS intra-abdominal infection guideline compliance was not associated with improved outcomes; however, there was a longer time to active therapy (P=.024) and higher mortality (P=.077) if empiric therapy was too narrow per guidelines. These findings support the need for the implementation of customized institutional guidelines adapted from the IDSA/SIS guidelines.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2016;37:855–858
Borings in early Eocene turtle shell from the Wasatch Formation, South Pass, Wyoming
Authors: Zonneveld John-Paul , Bartels William S. , Gunnell Gregg F. , McHugh Luke P.
Published: March 2016

Borings in fossil turtle shells collected from the lowermost beds of the early Eocene Cathedral Bluffs Tongue of the Wasatch Formation in the northwestern part of the Green River Basin near South Pass, Wyoming, are herein described. Individual turtle shells in the study area are characterized by as few as one or two and as many as >100 borings. The borings include both non-penetrative forms (those which do not pass fully though the shell) as well as penetrative forms (those which pass fully from the exterior to the interior surface of the shell). All non-penetrative forms occur on external surfaces of the carapace and plastron (i.e. those that would have been accessible while the host taxon was alive). Two new ichnogenera and four new ichnospecies are established to describe these borings.Karethraichnus(new ichnogenus) includes three ichnospecies:K.lakkos(new ichnospecies),K.kulindros(new ichnospecies), andK.fiale(new ichnospecies).Karethraichnus lakkosare shallow (non-penetrating), hemispherical pits with rounded, to flattened bases.Karethraichnus kulindrosare deep, non-penetrative traces with a cylindrical profile, an axis approximately perpendicular to the substrate surface and with rounded to flattened, hemispherical termini.Karethraichnus fialeare penetrative traces with a cylindrical to bi-convex or flask-shaped profile, and an axis approximately perpendicular to the substrate surface.Thatchtelithichnus(new ichnogenus)Thatchtelithichnus holmani(new ichnospecies) consist of non-penetrative borings into a bone substrate. They consist of a ring-shaped trace, with a central pedestal or platform. The position of the borings on the shells, and evidence of syn-emplacement healing of the borings in several of the turtles, indicates that these borings were emplacement by ectoparasites/mesoparasites while the animals were living. Similar traces in modern emydid turtles are attributed to ticks, leeches, or spirorchid liver flukes.
Nonstandard regular variation of in-degree and out-degree in the preferential attachment model
Authors: Samorodnitsky Gennady , Resnick Sidney , Towsley Don , Davis Richard , Willis Amy , Wan Phyllis
Published: March 2016

For the directed edge preferential attachment network growth model studied by Bollobás et al. (2003) and Krapivsky and Redner (2001), we prove that the joint distribution of in-degree and out-degree has jointly regularly varying tails. Typically, the marginal tails of the in-degree distribution and the out-degree distribution have different regular variation indices and so the joint regular variation is nonstandard. Only marginal regular variation has been previously established for this distribution in the cases where the marginal tail indices are different.
Inequalities for variances of order statistics originating from urn models
Authors: Jasiński Krzysztof , Rychlik Tomasz
Published: March 2016

We consider the drawing with and without replacement models from numerical populations. For order statistics based on the above drawing schemes, we provide sharp upper bounds for their variances, expressed in the single observation variance units. We also characterize the populations for which the bounds are attained.
On expected durations of birth–death processes, with applications to branching processes and SIS epidemics
Authors: Ball Frank , Britton Tom , Neal Peter
Published: March 2016

We study continuous-time birth–death type processes, where individuals have independent and identically distributed lifetimes, according to a random variable Q, with E[Q] = 1, and where the birth rate if the population is currently in state (has size) n is α(n). We focus on two important examples, namely α(n) = λ n being a branching process, and α(n) = λn(N - n) / N which corresponds to an SIS (susceptible → infective → susceptible) epidemic model in a homogeneously mixing community of fixed size N. The processes are assumed to start with a single individual, i.e. in state 1. Let T, An, C, and S denote the (random) time to extinction, the total time spent in state n, the total number of individuals ever alive, and the sum of the lifetimes of all individuals in the birth–death process, respectively. We give expressions for the expectation of all these quantities and show that these expectations are insensitive to the distribution of Q. We also derive an asymptotic expression for the expected time to extinction of the SIS epidemic, but now starting at the endemic state, which is not independent of the distribution of Q. The results are also applied to the household SIS epidemic, showing that, in contrast to the household SIR (susceptible → infective → recovered) epidemic, its threshold parameter R* is insensitive to the distribution of Q.
On explicit form of the stationary distributions for a class of bounded Markov chains
Authors: McKinlay S. , Borovkov K.
Published: March 2016

We consider a class of discrete-time Markov chains with state space [0, 1] and the following dynamics. At each time step, first the direction of the next transition is chosen at random with probability depending on the current location. Then the length of the jump is chosen independently as a random proportion of the distance to the respective end point of the unit interval, the distributions of the proportions being fixed for each of the two directions. Chains of that kind were the subjects of a number of studies and are of interest for some applications. Under simple broad conditions, we establish the ergodicity of such Markov chains and then derive closed-form expressions for the stationary densities of the chains when the proportions are beta distributed with the first parameter equal to 1. Examples demonstrating the range of stationary distributions for processes described by this model are given, and an application to a robot coverage algorithm is discussed.
A note on integral representations of the Skorokhod map
Authors: Buckingham Patrick , Fralix Brian , Kella Offer
Published: March 2016

We present a very short derivation of the integral representation of the two-sided Skorokhod reflection Z of a continuous function X of bounded variation, which is a generalization of the integral representation of the one-sided map featured in Anantharam and Konstantopoulos (2011) and Konstantopoulos et al. (1996). We also show that Z satisfies a simpler integral representation when additional conditions are imposed on X.
Separation cutoff for upward skip-free chains
Authors: Mao Y. H. , Zhang C. , Zhang Y. H.
Published: March 2016

A computable necessary and sufficient condition of separation cutoff is obtained for a sequence of continuous-time upward skip-free chains with the stochastically monotone time-reversals.
A general lower bound of parameter estimation for reflected Ornstein–Uhlenbeck processes
Authors: Zang Qing-Pei , Zhang Li-Xin
Published: March 2016

A reflected Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process is a process that returns continuously and immediately to the interior of the state space when it attains a certain boundary. It is an extended model of the traditional Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process being extensively used in finance as a one-factor short-term interest rate model. Under some mild conditions, this paper is devoted to the study of the analogue of the Cramer–Rao lower bound of a general class of parameter estimation of the unknown parameter in reflected Ornstein–Uhlenbeck processes.
Asymptotic behaviour of multivariate default probabilities and default correlations under stress
Authors: Packham N. , Kalkbrener M. , Overbeck L.
Published: March 2016

We investigate default probabilities and default correlations of Merton-type credit portfolio models in stress scenarios where a common risk factor is truncated. For elliptically distributed asset variables, the asymptotic limits of default probabilities and default correlations depend on the max-domain of attraction of the asset variables. In the regularly varying case, we derive an integral representation for multivariate default probabilities, which turn out to be strictly smaller than 1. Default correlations are in (0, 1). In the rapidly varying case, asymptotic multivariate default probabilities are 1 and asymptotic default correlations are 0.
Regulation and Contract Choice in the Distribution of Wine
Authors: Santiago Michelle , Sykuta Michael
Published: March 2016

The wine industry in the United States has grown tremendously over the past few decades, from fewer than 1,000 wineries in 1980 to upward of 8,500 today. The growth has occurred over a period that has seen substantial changes in the structure of the wine industry, the modes of distribution available to wineries, and the regulations governing them. Most economic research, however, has focused on supply relations between wineries and wine grape growers rather than between wineries and their downstream markets. In this article, we examine wineries' contracting behavior with downstream distributors and the effects of industry structure, winery organizational structure, and state laws regarding direct shipment and distribution franchise laws. (JEL Classifications: D23, L14, L22, L66)
“The Lord Has Done Great Things for Us”: The 1817 Reformation Celebrations and the End of the Counter-Reformation in the Habsburg Lands
Authors: Berg Scott
Published: March 2016

In anticipation of the upcoming five-hundreth anniversary in 2017 of the start of the Reformation, this article addresses the memory of this event in Central Europe by focusing on the tricentennial celebrations of 1817. The jubilees that took place that year were unique in that they were the first ones characterized by an ecumenical spirit. The article focuses on the Habsburg lands, where the 1817 jubilees were especially significant because of the recent dismantling of the Counter-Reformation by Emperor Joseph II and the favorable policies for Protestants pursued by his conservative successors. Using sermons and state records from archives in Vienna and Budapest, the article argues that the Austrian government used this event to display its newfound policies of religious toleration. Although the Austrian celebrations mirrored, in many respects, the ones in the German states, the infamous censorship regime of the pre-1848 Habsburg government paradoxically promoted an atmosphere of toleration that ensured the ecumenical nature of the celebrations in the Habsburg Empire.