bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Från industriminne till industrisamhällets kulturarv – tankar kring ett betänkande
Authors: Bergdahl Ewa
Published: August 2018

From industrial monument to industrial heritage In 1998 the Minister of Culture called on professor Erik Hofrén to propose government measures to further the protection of industrial heritage. From local initiatives to protect and preserve old industrial sites, notably related to mining and metallurgical installations, a true movement concerned with this history emerged and gained strength in the last decades of the 20th century. Within this movement the concept of industrial archæology has been adopted to include a wider environment than the isolated factory. This development constitutes the background to the government action.In 1999 Erik Hofrén’s proposal was published as a departmental report (SOU 1999:18) with the title Questions to the industrial society. This was an unusual approach to the task, which instead of offering a concrete programme, indicated areas and aspects of concern. A crucial shift in concepts was proposed: ’the heritage of industrial history’ should be replaced by ’the heritage of industrial society’. Thus the wider implica- tions of the introduction of industrial technology and production systems for societal change were stressed.As a result of the report a committee was set up by the Minister in 1999 to function for three years on behalf of the government with the aim of initiating research, supporting initiatives and stimulating interest and institutional cooperation in the field. The committee submitted a report on its activities in 2002, The cultural heritage of the industrial society (SOU 2002:67). An attempt is made in this article to review the two reports and evaluate their outcome. It is evident that industrial heritage is a complex and difficult field, full of controversial issues which make co-operation between industrialists, workers’ organisations, public institutions and the local citizens complicated. However, it is pointed out, local museums have a key role to play and their significance has not been sufficiently valued by the committee.
Peter Johansson, Christian Aarsrud, Ann-Charlott Öberg (red), Det underbara huset – Vänersborgs museum.
Authors: Ågren Per-Uno
Published: August 2018

Vänersborgs museum återinvigdes 1994 som ett museihistoriskt museum. Det är inrymt i en byggnad från slutet av 1880-talet, ovanligt nog uppförd för att tjäna som museum. Den enda motsvarigheten i landsorten var Smålands museum i Växjö – båda invigdes samma år 1891. Båda kan sägas ha enskilda personer som initiativtagare: Gunnar Olof Hyltén-Cavallius, den förste svenska ”etnologen”, i Växjö, handelsmannen, mecenaten och samlaren Johan Adolf Andersohn i Vänersborg. Båda museerna var från början mycket olikartade i fråga om de samlingar som utställdes, det ena huvudsakligen kulturhistoriskt, det andra na- turhistoriskt. Men museigrundarna hade en likartad syn på museets samhällsroll.
Museologisk poesi
Authors: Ekelöf Gunnar
Published: August 2018

Gunnar Ekelöf (1907–1968). En av förra seklets största svenska diktare, var betydelsefull också som introduktör och tolkare av samtida utländska poeter. Så fanns i samlingen Valfrändskaper 1960 nedanstående omdiktning av den jämnårige W.H. Audens (1907–1973) Musée des Beaux Arts. Den återges med tillstånd av ALIS (Administration av litterära rättigheter i Sverige).
Konserveringsbegrebet i det 20. århundrede
Authors: Federspiel Beate Knuth
Published: August 2018

The concept of conservation in the 20th century The professionalisation of conservation took shape during the 20th century and is marked by the increasing application of advanced technical equipment in examinations and treatments, along with the strengthening of the theoretical and methodological approach, and the establishing of formalized education in conservation. This development is analysed against the background of the international situation after the 2nd World War in particular with regard to the organisational and conceptual structure in the field of culture. The article discusses some of the central concepts in heritage conservation as reflected in legal instruments to protect cultural heritage and their consequences for conservation theory and practice – in particular the notion of ’culture’ and ’world heritage’ in the age of globalisation.
Samemuseet i Enare och samernas kulturarv i Finland
Authors: Jomppanen Tarmo
Published: August 2018

Som ett professionellt museum är Samemuseet i Finland mycket ungt. Det öppnades i april 1998, och först då kunde man anställa personal på ordinarie fot. Enare samemuseum, SIIDA, har en stark position som en uppbyggare av samernas identitet – det vill säga identiteten av det enda ursprungsfolket inom EU – och som en huvudaktör på Finlands sameområde. Samesamfundet omkring museet väntar sig att museet deltar aktivt i samfundslivet, tillvaratar traditioner aktivt och gör både det andliga och materiella kulturarvet mer uppnåeligt. Under de första fyra åren har samemuseets personal upplevt hur omöjligt det är att hjälpa folk med bilder, fotografier och kunskap samt informationssökande i och med att museet tillsvidare inte har tillräckligt bra informationsresurser.
Return of cultural property... Summaries
Authors: Ågren Per-Uno
Published: August 2018

The protracted negotiations concerning the return of medieval manuscripts to Iceland from Danish collections is the classic restitution case in Scandinavia. The case is dealt with in three contributions mirroring both the Icelandic and Danish views on the controversy. Vesteinn Ólason in his paper ’The homecoming of the manuscripts in a scholarly and ideological perspective’ gives a brief overview of the number of manuscripts, their history and the considerations that finally settled the issue. The manuscripts dating from the period 1200–1500 are the oldest written sources of Norse language and literature. As early as the 17th century they began to attract the attention and curiosity of scholars who were studying the development and differentiation of old Norse into the various Scandinavian languages, medieval Scandinavian history and literary traditions. The manuscripts were assembled by ardent collectors and taken to Denmark and Sweden.
Museologisk poesi
Authors: Arvidsson Ingrid
Published: August 2018

Ingrid Arvidssons diktsamling Rummet innanför (1999) inleds med en svit dikter som på olika sätt anknyter till museibesök (och som hon givit tidskriften tillstånd att återge). I ’Guldhjälmen’ har hon stannat inför en målning av Rembrandt från omkring 1650. Det slår henne att den rymmer ett dubbelporträtt.
Vad begripa icke kulturvårdarna?
Authors: Ågren Per-Uno
Published: August 2018

Vad begripa icke filosoferna? – en rask sälles liv skrev en gång CJL Almqvist. Hans fråga skulle idag kunna parafraseras Vad begripa icke kulturvårdarna? – det raska folkets minneskultur. Pratet om kulturarv har nu gått så långt och nått så högt att det föranlett den nationella kulturvårdsmyndigheten att ge sig uppdraget att utforma en nationell kulturarvsagenda för de tilltänkta kulturarvingarna och deras förmyndare. Arvs(ärftlighets?)lagarna ska ses över i ljuset av en landsomfattande utfrågning, i en ’medborgardialog’ med ännu levande kulturbärare. Antikvarierna mobiliseras; det liknar misstänkt uppdraget till rikets antikvarier och hävdasökare 1630 även om memorialet 2001 ersatts av en matris. Kanske skulle man kunna eliminera alla de arvstvister som numera gör sig gällande och inte minst skymtat i denna tidskrifts artiklar genom åren? Har kulturvårdarna misslyckats med att lära känna den värld och de människor som de verkar bland? Vad blev det av dem – de ’barfotaantikvarier’ som vi drömde om och ville utbilda, den nya antikvariegeneration som skulle öppna närmuseer i kulturens fattigkvarter, verka i ständig medmänniskodialog och med vidöppna ögon mot omvärlden?
Från kulturminnesvård till kulturvård – om Sverker Janson och kulturarvet
Authors: Hofrén Erik
Published: August 2018

Sverker Jansons bok ”Kulturvård och samhällsbildning” utkom samma år – 1974 – som den svenska riksdagen antog de åtta kulturpolitiska mål som fortfarande utgör grunden för den nationella kulturpolitiken. Valet av bokens titel är betecknande för Sverker Jansons egna tankegångar samtidigt som de bör sättas in i sitt tidssammanhang. 1970- talet var ett ytterst vitalt årtionde. Museerna började ta sig utanför murarna i sökandet efter en ny framtid. I samband med Nordiska museets 100-årssjubileum 1972 publicerades den hittills enda framtidsstudie som finns (Mot museernas 80-tal).
Eit museologisk perspektiv
Authors: Gjestrum John Aage
Published: August 2018

Innanfor det som er mogleg på nokre ganske få sider, skal eg dra opp eit perspektiv på disiplinen museologi, eit fag som ennå ikkje har fått fotfeste i norsk universitets- eller museumsrøyndom. Dette trass i at museumsorganisasjonar, statlege organ og alle universiteta i landet gjennom dei tre siste tiåra har hatt store utreiingsarbeid på området, og gjort forsøk på å få aktivitetar igang. Eit spørsmål som kan reissast, er derfor kvifor dei faktiske resultata er så magre når kravet om utdanningstilbod på feltet har vore eintydig?
Kulturarv som handling
Authors: Gjestrum John Aage
Published: August 2018

En studie av musealiseringen av Røros viser til ei 100-årig historie om etablering, omdanning og ny etablering av kulturarv i et lite norsk lokalsamfunn. Det er ikke ”objektive” og ”autentiske” egenskaper ved kulturarvobjektene som har skapt kulturarven. I stedet er den blitt til (og endret) i et spill der ulike aktører har hatt helt påvisbare nåtidige interesser å ivareta på de aktuelle tidspunkt. Tidsperspektivet viser at det da er helt ulike aktører som på ulike tidspunkt har interesse av å skape kulturarv.
Kommunismens eftermæle Museer og erindringspolitik i Østeuropa
Authors: Otto Lene
Published: August 2018

In the post socialist countries the memory of communism is in the making. How to remember the period between WW2 and the fall of the Soviet Union is a disputed and contested subject in dissertations, in the activities of the so called institutes of national commemoration, founded in several post socialist states, in movies, in conferences, in commemorations and not least in museums. This article investigate how he heritage of communism is handled, collected and exhibited in some museums founded after 1989 in Hungary, Lithuania, Romania and Germany. The museums analysed are the “House of Terror” in Budapest, “The Museum of Genocide Victims” in Vilnius, “The Memorial of the Victims of Communism and of the Resistance” in Sighet (Romania) and “The DDR museum” in Berlin. These museums of communism are analysed in the framework of politics of memory and culture of memory. My approach is influenced by the New Museology putting techniques of representation in focus. By examining the staging of com- munism in museums I will not only find out what pictures of communism are produced, but also what effects politically and as regards identity these representations have. It is not my purpose to find out if the museum representations are true or in agreement with historical facts, but rather how the staging of communism in museums interacts with, constitute and change reality.
Kildesikring og kaoskontroll – om bevaringsideologier og forvaltningsstrategier i en digital tidsalder
Authors: Brun Wenche , Sørgaard Kristine Orestad
Published: August 2018

Norwegian museums have been the subject of a great deal of public attention in recent years. Unfortunately, this is not because of their interesting, compelling and thought-provoking exhibitions, but because of poor preservation practices and deteriorating collections. Previous reports have highlighted numerous failings in the management of these collections. A large portion of the collections has suffered through decades of poor storage. Some objects have even been damaged as a result of unacceptable storage conditions. Proper management of the collections has been hampered still further by the lack of common management systems. In the past ten to fifteen years, several projects have been launched in order to enhance collection management and to make the collections more accessible to the public. In this paper, we give a brief outline of the history of collections. We also provide a critical review of the projects and offer some suggestions as to what museums can do to further improve access to and the preservation of collections.
Nordisk Museologi har sorg
Authors: Ågren Per-Uno
Published: August 2018

John Aage Gjestrum, för åtta år sedan idégivare till vår tidsskrift, avled hastigt och helt oväntat den 6 april i år, blott 49 år gammal. John Aage inte bara initierade och inspirerade; han arbetade också outtröttligt med utgivningen som norsk landredaktör och som ekonmiskt ansvarlig. Dessutom var det han som tillrättalade tidskriften i digital form för tryckning.
Culture denatured or nature decultured
Authors: Ampt Peter , Raymond Linda
Published: August 2018

The Australian Museum is a museum of both natural science and cultural heritage. As an institution we find this quite a challenge, both in our communication with our audiences and in our internal debates about who and what we are. In the area of natural science we feel quite confident in our adopted role in the community. With our vast collections of specimens and reputation for scholarly research, the Australian Museum assumes what Ellen Futter, President ofthe American Museum of Natural History, NY, describes as 'a stewardship of the natural world' (Futter, 1997, p40). Our mission explicitly states an intention to engage in and influence public debate. We feel this mission with a certain sense ofurgency based on our knowledge of what is happening to the natural world. We acknowledge our role in bringing about a change of attitude in our visitors, and have generally sought to do this by presenting to our audiences the objective and value-free 'science' of nature while simultaneously using that science to support a point of view.
Anoxic treatment of a moth-infested saddle
Authors: Bergh Jan-Erik , Hallström Ann
Published: August 2018

Pest insects pose a continuous and serious threat to museum objects that are organic in origin. Traditionally various chemical substances have been used for insect control, but in recent decades there has been increased concern about the disadvantages of this type of control strategy (Dawson 1988). Among the alternative control methods developed for museum use in recent decades, low oxygen treatment (Gilberg 1991) is of special interest. Using nitrogen or argon to replace oxygen, produces no residues and allows a conditioning of the gas regarding temperature and relative humidity. The first practical application of this method took place at Skokloster Castle in Central Sweden.
No longer newly arrived - Museum presentations of immigrant cultures in nations with dominant "indigenous" cultures
Authors: Rekdal Per B.
Published: August 2018

Since the end of the 1960s Norway - like other Western countries - has had a relatively large number of immigrants from countries outside Europe. This immigration has partly consisted of refugees, partly of people searching for better economic and social conditions. They now constitute a significant part of the permanent population; significant in the sense that they are for more visible than the - until recently - more numerous North European expatriates who have «always» been in the country, and significant because, by the media and politicians and in many peoples minds, «they» have been classified as a single category characterised by unemployment, a range of social problems and deviant religious beliefs.
Cyclops CAmeo: Reactions of four 14- and 15-year-olds to their encounter with a contemporary work of art
Authors: Illeris Helene
Published: August 2018

«The Contemporary Work of Art as an Experiential Model for Pictorial Work in the Higher Grades of the Danish Folkeskole» is the working title for a research project carried out by the author at the Royal Danish School of Educational Studies in Copenhagen. The project covers: The reactions and strategies of 14- and 15-year-old- students in direct encounters with works ofcontemporary art, and how students are able (or unable) to use their experience of the encounter in their own pictorial work back in their school art classes.
Why every museums is really a museum of social history
Authors: Hudson Kenneth
Published: August 2018

For some years, I taught groups of American high school students, who came over to London for four months in order to broaden their experience. They were all about 20 years old and they lived in various parts of the United States. I shared the job of teaching them with three or four other people. Our task, in the words of our contract, was 'to expose them to an exotic culture: that culture, broadly speaking, being the one to befound in Britain, and it must indeed have appeared highly exotic to these young men and women, most of whom had never been outside America before.
Ti teser om Museet i samfundet
Authors: Ingemann Bruno
Published: August 2018

Ten theses on the Museum in society I) The museum can tell stories with authentic objects 2) The authentic objects can be presented in a new context3) Objects can construct an aesthetic experience 4) An aesthetic experience can be created by the «text» and the visitor 5) Objects can be seen as an artistic expression - a narrarive6) A narrative may create mental images7) The narrative of society is built upon myth and symbols8) The museum may communicate the narratives of society 9) The museum is in society 10) Society is in the museum
Hvorfor ser vi på billedkunst?
Authors: Funch Bjarne Sode
Published: August 2018

Why Do We Look at Art? The importance of psychology has usually been neglected within the area of art museums in spite of the fact that the visitor's experiencing of art constitutes the very basis of the art museum establishment.
Steven Conn: Museums and American Intellectual Life, 1876-1926
Authors: Hedqvist Eric
Published: August 2018

Den amerikanske historikern Steven Conn beskriver i sin bok 1800-talets tro på föremalen som omedelbara källor till kunskap. Museerna var framgångsrika i att skapa ny kunskap genom omsorgsfullt systematiskt arbete kring föremålen, den viktorianska tidens fascination.
The Finnish national gallery's internet home page is into its third year
Authors: Liukkonen Eija , Väyrynen Mika
Published: August 2018

The Finnish National Gallery's Internet home page project was started by the National Gallery's museum pedagogical unit in early 1995. The completed home page launched September 26, 1995 under the address, http://www.fng.fi/. The projects ambitious point of departure was to present a broad, multifaceted display of the Museums collections. The aim was not only to impart information on current exhibitions and activities to different target groups but to truly function as a pedagogical tool for distance learning. The objective was to elicit genuine interest as well as to entice users to visit the Museum. Even occasional surfers can find themselves becoming regular museum-goers by virtue of the web.
Make 'em laugh, make 'em cry! Collecting for lifetimes – the interactive museum about Croydon peole
Authors: Fussel Angela
Published: August 2018

For most of its history, Croydon was a bustling market town to the south of London, a stop on the coach journey between the capital and Brighton. But when the first railways were built in the 1830s, Croydon started to turn into a London suburb and with that change came a loss of identity. Local groups began to campaign for a museum of Croydon in the late 19th century. Their voices grew louder when the centre of Croydon was redeveloped in the 1960s. Much of the character of the old town was lost when theatres, cinemas and schools were replaced by multi-story car parks, shopping precincts and office blocks.It was partly in response to this public demand that the local councillors decided to include a museum in the redevelopment of Croydon's central library. They were also moved by a need to improve Croydon's image. By the 1980s, the name Croydon had become a byword for boring, bland and mediocre. The councillors were convinced that a dynamic image had an important part to play in economic success. They saw a museum as playing a key part in establishing that image.
Om utställningar i Nordisk Museologis tidligare nummer
Authors: Ågren Per-Uno
Published: August 2018

Museibegreppet kan (som bekant?) betraktas som en sammanfattning av den museologiska processen - människans och samhällets hantering av materiella minnen i sin omvärld. Det är då oundvikligt att allt som skrivs om museer också berör, har konsekvenser, for processens sista led - driften att visa, att förmedla (och påverka, övertyga?).
Nordisk museifestival permanent i Stavanger
Authors: Lundström Inga , Adolfsson Gundula
Published: August 2018

Der är nu fyra år sedan den första museifestivalen ägde rum på Arkeologisk museum i Stavanger. Festivalen samlade drygt 200 deltagare från Norge, Sverige, Danmark och Finland. Over 40 museer och enskilda utställare tävlade med sammanlagt 50 bidrag. lntendent Jan Eric Sjöberg i Göteborg fick festivalens pris FENIX för bästa utställningside, for modellen Europa och tjuren. FENIX för bästa utställningsteknik gick till Länsmuseet Västernorrland i Härnösand.
Museet og kunstens iscenesættelse
Authors: Petersen Vibeke
Published: August 2018

The Museum and the staging of Art The staging of art has always been susceptible to changes - according to the needs and purposes of art at different times and in different places.
MUSEUM, Mangfald, minne, møtested. (NOU 1996:7)
Authors: Hofrén Erik
Published: August 2018

Den norska museiutredningen har nu slutfort sitt arbete. Resultatet har blivit ett kompetent och valdisponerat betankande.
Arkeologiska liv – om att leva arkeologiskt, red. Jarl Nordbladh
Authors: Olsen Bjørnar
Published: August 2018

I de seinere år har den vitenskapelige diskurs fart stadig sterkere biografiske islett. Der klassiske positivistiske vitenskapsidealer om et strent skille mellom forskeren og privatpersonen er gått tapt.
Hellre en nybadad syndare än trenne rättfärdiga med fotsvett
Authors: Persson Eva
Published: August 2018

Rather a newly bathed sinner than three righteous ones with sweaty feet The author states that in all her writings, lectures and seminars in recent years, she has returned again and again to the same basic issue: the nature of the museum exhibition as means of communication for the various messages and meanings inherent in the objects (cf 'Nordisk Museologi' 1995:1, p. 51-52).
The wrong and the right road for museums
Authors: Hudson Kenneth
Published: August 2018

Every year the organisation responsible for the European Museum of the Year Award organises what it calls its Prestige Lecture. In 1993 it took place in Utrecht, in 1994 at both ends of the Channel Tunnel, and in 1995 in Barcelona. The 1995 lecturer was Michel Van Praët, Professor of Museology at the Museum of Natural History in Paris. In the course of his lecture, he made a very significant observation. When planning the complete reorganisation of the Grande Galerie at his museum, a process for which he was responsible, a good deal of research was carried out into the behaviour of visitors at other museums. One result of this was to show beyond doubt that there was a direct connection between the number of people who were in the museum at any one time and the frequency with which visitors stopped to look at objects and displays. The more visitors, the fewer the stops, and vice versa.
Samtal och notiser
Authors: Strandgaard Ole , Hofrén Erik , Lindberg Anna Lena , Ågren Per-Uno , Gjestrum John Aage , Hedqvist Erik , Lundgren Britta M. , Sjöberg-Pietarinen Solveig
Published: August 2018

Museumsdebatten som døde I 1993 tog den danske kulturminister Jytte Hilden fat på arbejdet med at vurdere den danske kulturpolitik. Et storstilet analysearbejde blev sat i gang med den klare hensigt at få afklaret, om der er behov for ny lovgivning pa omr:'idet. En del af dette arbejde drejer sig naturligt nok om museer, og en del af de mange skrifter, som processen har fort med sig, er derfor bidrag til den museologiske litterarur og altsa værd kort at omtale her.
Hembygd – a concept and its ambiguities
Authors: Björkroth Maria
Published: August 2018

One popular movement, the 'hembygd'-movement, has been a particularly dynamic force in shaping Swedish attitudes towards museums and cultural heritage. The movement was born in the first decades of the 20th century, it attracted young people and it soon had spread throughout the country. It has undoubtedly had a profound impact, but it has been only superficially studied. The aim of this paper is to contribute to an understanding of how the past, in terms of cultural heritage, tradition and native district, has been used in the creation of our modern Swedish society. The past is explicitly used for the construction of the future and the process could be described as «Cultural and Environmental Recycling».
Museums in Iceland
Authors: Sigurðsson Helgi
Published: August 2018

In Iceland there are close to 70 museum collections which is a considerable number bearing in mind that the country has a population of only 260 000. In almost every district and town, not to mention the capital, people have cooperated in collecting objects that reflect the way of life and culture of the nation's past. The main task of most museums is to collect and preserve objects or pieces ofart. Apartfrom exhibiting these objects, some museums organize special exhibitions, lectures and concerts. Most of the larger museums offer professional advice in their fields, e.g. on buildings, objects and preservation. About four out of every five museums (i.e. 48) are ethnographic (folk museums); there are 13 art museums and 10 natural history museums. A few museums are combinations of these three categories. The distribution of these museums is noteworthy: the ethnographic and natural history museums are distributed evenly around the country, while most of the art museums are situated in Reykjavik. In this article the focus is on the cultural history museums, but articles on the art and natural history museums will hopefully follow.
Estonian museums in changing times
Authors: Lukas Tönis
Published: August 2018

The Estonians are a small nation. Therefore, our relationship to our own culture is to a certain extent different from that of the big nations. The peculiarities of ones own culture are mainly perceived through comparison with others. The wave of national awakenings reached Estonia in the middle ofthe 19th century. By that time some Baltic-German organizations of an enlightening character had emerged, mainly focusing their attention on native people - the ones whose ethnic ancestors had lived in Estonia long before the Germans, Danes, Swedes, Poles, andfinally, the Russians had reached here. The main policy of alien authorities was to occupy our strategically and commercially important territory. The best means for achieving this was war: In the course ofthese conquests, attention was mainly focused on towns and churches; the changing of the everyday lives of the local people was not particularly in anybody's sphere of interest. As a result, two relatively different kinds of living conditions and ways of life existed side by side - on the one hand, the traditional culture of Estonian peasants and town craftsmen, and on the other, the European culture characteristic mainly of Baltic-German nobility and bourgeoisie.If we tried to describe these two different communities in museum categories, we could say that the first one represented a living open-air museum with its ethnographic look and folklore; the other a specimen of manor architecture with its art collections, and town architecture with the relics of a bourgeois way of life.
Museums and museum philosophy in China
Authors: Donghai Su
Published: August 2018

An overview is given of the origin, philosophy and current situation of museums and museology in China. Museums in China can be traced as far back as 478 BC. However, it was only in the early period of this century that museums in the modern sense came into being. The development during the last 90 years was strongly influenced by the political events.
Museums without limits; collaboration between Swedish and African museum
Authors: Olofsson Elisabet
Published: August 2018

«What can we Swedes and Africans, museum workers from different countries, worlds and cultures, learn from one another? Museum workers from Benin, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Swaziland, Sweden, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe gather, and pool ideas and experience to shape the museum of the future. » (Margareta Ekarv, Stockholm, Sweden, 1992. Text to the exhibition «Sharing Ideas») Six years ago in May 1989 I met with colleagues from thirteen African and an equal number of Swedish museums for a four-day conference at one of Sweden's peoples colleges. «I was one of them. It was an overwhelming meeting. The theme of the conference was 'Death - a part o flife' and, from the very beginning, our discussions dealt with the core of our cultures. Personal thoughts about death alternated with accounts of rituals and funeral ceremonies in Sweden and in Africa. There was so much to think about, so much to discuss! When, in due course, we dispersed, I felt that I had participated in a remarkable event. This was something that I wanted to continue working with.» (Anna Westholm, Gävleborg County Museum, Gävle, Sweden. Laddikan 2/1993)
Beauty – Truth – Goodness; the complex role and ambiguous role of the museum
Authors: Pedersen Hans
Published: August 2018

There is at present a consensus, more pronounced than for a long time, among curators that we are above all professionals, and as such we collect, list, prepare and exhibit a representative range of objects and buildings to document our cultural heritage. We uphold the old ideal that museums impartially provide knowledge to further the enlightenment of the people. Nevertheless, quite a few among us accept the fact that museums have, and in fact should have, a political role. The era of loud political slogans is gone. However, there is still a strong desire to support some idea or other about community development, albeit in a more modest version than one harking back to the days of the growth of the national state at the turn of the century, or the one reflecting the mobilization of the 70s to strengthen local culture and identity. As a basis for museum work it is nowadays quite legitimate to refer to womens culture, Sami (Lappish) identity and the development of ecological consciousness. A more salient idea is that advocating that museums ought to be of practical use even beyond the traditional sphere of cultural politics, a notion shared by a growing number of politicians, bureaucrats and curators.
The exhibition as theatre – on the staging of museum objects
Authors: Maure Marc
Published: August 2018

I would like to examine the role of the setting in exhibitions as it is seen in relation to the stage set in the theatre. Museographers have a great deal to learn from the techniques of stage setting in the theatre. Furthermore, many of the concepts and models which characterize a «theatrical» or «dramatic» approach to culturalphenomena can be useful at a theoretical level in order to arrive at a better understanding of the exhibition.
Vårt behov av museologi
Authors: Ågren Per-Uno
Published: August 2018

Kanske kan man säga att det ständigt växande intresset för den tidskrift som du just nu håller i handen är tillräckligt belägg for detta behov. Kurser med inriktning på de särskilda arbetsuppgifterna inom museiverksamhet och kulturmiljövård på museologisk grund har inrättats vid många nordiska universitet; mest utvecklade är studiegangarna i Göteborg och Umeå. I Danmark finns en särskild museihögskola. I den Svenska tidskriften DIK-forum bedrivs sedan några år en kampanj för att stärka museologi-ämnets ställning i hägskolan och kvalificerande betydelse for yrkesområdet. Allt detta borde vara tillräckligt.
Om museer och utställningsspråk
Authors: Ågren Per-Uno
Published: August 2018

On the visual Languages ofexhibitions The paper, which was originally presented at the Holstebro meeting in 1992, reflects on the visual languages which are common in the exhibitions of cultural history museums.
Museerne som arnen for det evolutionære verdensbillede
Authors: Hoch Ella
Published: August 2018

Mange vesterlændinge tager afstand fra den bibelske forklaring om Jorden og dens organismer, at de blev til ved en skabelse, men mener, at de opstod gennem udvikling, evolution. En livløs proto-Jord, koncentreret i Solsystemet samtidigt med dets øvrige planeter for omkring 4, 6 milliarder år siden, afgav vand i en hydrosfære og luft i en atmosfære, og der blev liv som selvkopierende molekylstrukturer pa jordoverfladen.
Fra kunstkammer til moderne museum
Authors: Wagner Peter
Published: August 2018

From Kunstkammer to Museum In 1759 the Natural Cabinet at Charlottenborg was established as an extension of the Royal Botanical Institute at Amalienborg founded in 1752. Both institutions were planned as places of research and teaching for the learned as well as for laymen. The disciplines studied and taught were botany, agriculture, forestry, gardening, zoology, mineralogy, mining and economy.
GHR – Georges Henri Riviere og folkemuseets genesis i Frankrike
Authors: Maure Marc
Published: August 2018

Georges Henri Riviere (1897-1985), oftest bare kalt GHR, er en av de store skikkelsene i moderne museologi. Få har spilt en så omfattende rolle og hatt så stor innflytelse på utviklingen av museumsvesenet i vår tid, både i sitt hjemland og i verden forøvrig.
Lokalmuseer og museumsprofesjonalitet
Authors: Gjestrum John Aage
Published: August 2018

Local museums and professionalism in museums Today there are several reasons to stress the importance of local museums. At the same time we find big museums growing even bigger and observe an explosion in the number of small museums all over the world. The former ICOM director Hugues de Varine calls this a big-bang in the museum world, which makes it necessary to separate museums in two very different types: the process-museum and the institution-museum, the latter being the traditional museum.
Till museets genealogi
Authors: Ågren Per-Uno
Published: August 2018

"En god museiman är en person med ett gott öga" (a man with an eye) skriver David M Wilson i sin lilla bok om British Museum (1989). Han träffar säkert rätt. Det väsentliga i museets meddelanden till det omgivande samhället ar grundat på synligheter; ur det synliga härleds museets tolkningar och budskap.
The genealogy of the museum
Authors: Becker Annesofie
Published: August 2018

The title of the symposion was "The Genealogy of the Museum ". Why did we use a word from ancient Greek? Why not just call it "The History of the Museum" or "The pedigree of the Museum"? Why did we give priority to the museum's temporality?In the course of the last ten years, the museum world has been subjected to a great deal of change. We only know that there has certainly been a musem's boom and that, quoting Walter Grasskamp, "the museum has become the metaphor for our time". Just a few years ago, the question was whether or not there would still be a museum in the future. But this is no longer the case. No, the question now is whether or not there will be a future for the museum. Today, the anxiety about the future itself is greater and more real than any anxiety about the future of the museum.
Towards modernist collecting: some European practices of the long term
Authors: Pearce Susan
Published: August 2018

The beginning of modernist collecting, and, of the particular kinds of knowledge and experience which it embodies are usually considered to begin within the fifteenth century, where interests concentrates on the accumulations of the Medici, and upon the cabinets of curiosities, which begin to appear, as the century draws to a close. However; this early modern collecting practice did not crystalize out of nothing. The standard procedures of historical investigation can suggest some obvious predecessors: the collections of relics and treasures acquired by the great medieval churches and princes; the collections of Greek art acquired by first century and later Romans; and the material held in Greek temples, described for us by Pausanius. But underlying all this collecting activity it is perhaps possible to discern some characteristics of the European tradition which inform collecting, and make it likely that modernist collecting, when it finally comes into being with the rest of modernist practice, will take the shape and significance which it has done.
Gränsen som museal struktur
Authors: Lönnqvist Bo
Published: August 2018

The Borderline as a Museological Stucture Bo Lönnqvist discusses the cultural borderlines which are applied in museum classifications and presentations. Museums tend to establish and confirm a world order through the distinctions they make in ordering the collected objects and arranging them in specific buildings, rooms and showcases. Thus the structuring can be regarded as a mirror of human intentions and thinking. The paper elucidates some of the cultural symmetries created by the museum.
Notiser
Authors: Strandgaard Ole , Hedqvist Eric , Gormsen Gudrun
Published: August 2018

Jay Anderson (red.), A Living History ReaderExcellence and Equity. Education and the Public Dimension of Museums
Anmälan
Authors: Gjestrum John Aage , Strandgaard Ole , Ågren Per-Uno
Published: August 2018

Avsikten med den tidskrift vars första nummer nu anbefalles den benägne läsaren är att vid sidan av Danske Museer, Museumsnytt, Museo och Svenska Museer etablera ett nordiskt forum för museologisk forskning och debatt, dvs texter som kräver mera utrymme och går utöver det aktuella stoff som är naturligt för de nämnda tidskrifterna.
Museerne og verdensordenen. Kunstkammerets opståen og grundidé
Authors: Bencard Mogens
Published: August 2018

The Museums and the Order of the Universe It is the aim of this paper to underline the similarities between modern museums and the comprehensive 'Kunstkammers' of former days. There is a tendency to overlook the rationale behind the 'Kunstkammers' and to consider them merely as haphazard collections of curiosities.
Christian Jürgensen Thomsens museum – en guldaldervision
Authors: Jensen Jørgen
Published: August 2018

Christian fiirgensen Thomsen's Museum - a Vision of the Golden Age The foundation of the National Museum in Copenhagen in 1807 was a late result of the Danish cultural policy at the end of the Enlightenment period. The inspiration came from France, primarily from Alexandre Lenoir's Musee des Monuments Français established in 1793 and from the Musee Napoleon opened in 1804 in the Louvre, both of them didactically arranged art collections open to the public.
Museologi i Finland
Authors: Vilkuna Janne
Published: August 2018

Museology in Finland The development of museums was severely impended first by the Civil War of 1918 and then by the Second World War. However in 1923 the Finnish Museums Association had been formed, and museum training had a prominent place on its agenda. A training course was arranged in 1928. However in the 30's the complaint was made that the profession lacked a scientific basis. New efforts were made after the war, in 1948. In the 1950's and 60's the first permanent posts were established in local and regional museums. In the 70's new legislation granted economic support to both museums of art and of cultural history in the regions, which led to a considerable growth in the number of employees. Today Finland has more than 800 museums and more than 100 of them have a total of 1.500 permanent posts.
Museumsdidaktikk som kunnskapsfremstillerens dilemma
Authors: Ekeland Torun
Published: August 2018

The Didactics of Museums as a Dilemma of the Accounters of KnowledgeThis article focuses on the didactics of museums by comparing the representation of pre-history in school textbooks and museum texts respectively: the arrangements of artifacts and the written texts. A major change occurred at the beginning of the 20th century, along with the emergence of the modern project, when the focus of both expressions was directed towards the users, the students and the museum public. In the modern period, historical memory was connected to a specific didactics which later underwent a process of transformation. This transformation first became evident in school text-books.
Local identity in the process of globalisation. The ecomuseum questioned
Authors: Bellaigue Mathilde
Published: August 2018

Ten years' (1976-1986) experience of working in what was, during the seventies and first half of the eighties, the most famous and forward-looking of the then existing eco-museums, the Ecomuseum of Le Creusot-Montceau-les-Mines, its transformation into a traditional museum of technique in 1986, the very similar fate of the Ecomuseum of Haute-Beauce in Quebec (1996), raises the need to reconsider the phenomenon of the ecomuseum both in the current culturalpolicies of western countries and in the globalisation process.Many people today ask: do you still believe in ecomuseums? Is there a future for them?
Museologisk poesi
Authors: Arvidsson Ingrid
Published: August 2018

I samtida svensk poesi finns oväntat talrika spår av museibesök, som gjort intryck och väckt eftertankar. I Ingrid Arvidssons nyligen utkomna samling Rummet innanför kan faktiskt sex av de inledande skönt ciselerade dikterna läsas som museologisk poesi. Med författarinnans tillstånd återges emellertid här en äldre dikt, ur samlingen Under ytan (1986). Gissningsvis är den inspirerad av ett besök i Mauritshuis i Haag.
Collections management eller samlingsforvaltning
Authors: Hansen Maiken
Published: August 2018

Collections Management The author has a masters degree in Museum Studies from University College London. She introduces the subject of collections management and the concept of a collections management policy with regard to standards in America and Britain.
Presenting "The Other" – Dilemmas for ethnographic museum
Authors: Wagner Ulla
Published: August 2018

Discussing something within the academic world and addressing a lay audience (the general public visiting museums) are different things. In the formor knowledge and being 'aux fait' with the ongoing theoretical debate can be taken for granted. In the latter, nothing can be taken as given. Focusing on exhibitions as a medium for conveying insights into other ways of ordering life, the inherent possibilities and restraints are discussed, as is the problem of 'voice', i.e. who speaks for whom. Finally a case is made for an inclusive 'we' rather than the divisive 'us' and 'them '.
What I think of as my heritage
Authors: Hudson Kenneth
Published: August 2018

A few years ago I was in Richmond, Virginia, and while I was there I paid a visit to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. One department contained a collection of paintings devoted to sporting subjects. This had been given to the Museum by a rich man who had brought it together over a period ofmore than 30 years. The pictures were mainly from the 18th and 19th centuries and a high proportion of the artists were British. There was a particularly fine series of works by George Stubbs.As soon as I realised what I was looking at, I began to boil with rage, although I managed to conceal this from my very kind host. What so incensed me was the fact that pictures which I regarded as part of my heritage had been bought by an American and transported bound and helpless across the Atlantic to a place which did not deserve to have them, a museum where they did not belong. My reaction was purely emotional and instinctive. Stubbs was there and I felt that he had been stolen from me.
Notiser
Authors: Enerstvedt Åse , Rönnholm Bror , Lindberg Anna Lena , Ågren Per-Uno , Hallström Ann
Published: August 2018

Vandreutstilling 1998. Samarbeid mellom Statens historiska museum i Stockholm og Arkeologisk museum i StavangerSolveig Sjoberg-Pietarinen: Kvinna i museivarlden. En studie i Irja Sahlbergs museisynCarol Duncan: Civilizing Rituals Inside Public Art MuseumsReesa Greenberg, Bruce W. Ferguson, Sandy Nairne (red): Thinking About ExhibitionsTomislav Sola: Essays on museums and their theory. Towards the cybernetic museumMuseologi. Nord Nytt Nr 68 Torkil Funder: Museum. Essays om rejser, samlinger, udstillinger 1971-1996Tim Caulton: Hands-on Exhibitions. Managing Interactive Museums and Science CentresMonika Akerlund, Sylvia Flato & Anna Hellekant, Från silverfisk till halsorisk. Skadedjur och atgarder i samlingar
LHBTQI-perspektiv och kulturarv. Aspekter på urval, överväganden och tillrättalägganden
Authors: Axelsson Bodil , Åkerö Karl-Emil
Published: August 2018

Today museums strive to include LHBTQI perspectives in exhibitions and audience development, as well as in the collections. This article is an attempt to explore three cases of archiving LHBTQI memories and experiences. We use a broad definition of “archiving” to also include digital collections, exhibitions and social media so as to investigate different approaches. The first case we approach is the website Unstraight Museum where we bring to the surface the ways in which its digital collection creates a collective memory, makes LHBTQI experiences visible and queer the official heritage. Our second case is the Museum of World Culture’s exhibition Playground. Here we bring the attention to the ways in wich curatorial themes such as love and family invite straight people to identify with unstraight experiences. Our last case is activists’ blogs at the web platform Tumblr, which we here view as an archive, waiting to be explored by cultural historians. For now it is temporary and ephemeral, in two respects. Firstly, the flows are constantly updated and thereby changing. Secondly, there is no guarantee that posts and accounts will be saved for the future.
Performance and politics of authenticity in live ethnographic exhibitions
Authors: Henningsen Anne Folke
Published: August 2018

In the summer 2010 a small group of Namibians visited Denmark in order to present and disseminate knowledge of the so-called Bushman culture in an experimental archaeological park outside Copenhagen. The staging of the event was in many ways similar to the kind of display that has been termed “human zoo”or “live ethnographic exhibition”, so popular in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, but there were also significant differences to be found. The discourse of cultural and racial authenticity that informed the live ethnographic exhibitions a hundred years ago was also called upon in the performances in 2010. However, the political and to a certain extent the exhibition contexts were different, as were the possibilities of appropriating long-lasting and pervasive ideas of “Bushman-ness”to various political ends. In this article, the effects of the recent recurrence of this practice of live ethnographic exhibitions are analysed through concepts such as authenticity and coevalness and their wider political potentialities are discussed.
Facing skeletons. Reflections on three Stone Age portraits
Authors: Hjemdahl Anne-Sofie
Published: August 2018

The discussions in this article relate to the already existing literature about bodies in museum exhibitions and the tension between humanization and dehumanization, individualization and objectification. It approaches the archaeological exhibition practice called “forensic art”. Forensic art means giving a face and identity to human skeletons through specific methods. The point of departure is three different reconstructions based on the remains of two Stone Age women presented at two different museums, one in Norway and one in Sweden, from the beginning of the 1990s until 2006. These reconstructions are highlighted here as entangled and related objects. The article explores the tensions that arise between bodies as scientific objects and as individualized subjects and the tensions that occur between bodies as facts and as fiction. In addition, it examines the work of faces in museum exhibitions and discusses how race seems to be an issue, albeit not communicated nor discussed with the audience. At the same time, race is narrated into the reconstructed faces and becomes a bodily fact the audience meets physically.