bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An assessment of crisis management techniques in hotels in London and Stockholm as response to COVID-19’s economic impact
Authors: Waller Gary , Abbasian Saeid
Published: March 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to gain a deeper understanding on if and how hotel senior managers (HSMs) in four-star chain hotels in London and Stockholm implemented crisis management techniques (CMTs) as a response to the economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020.

Design/methodology/approach

Qualitative questionnaires were sent to 30 HSMs in London and Stockholm. From the feedback, this paper assesses, using thematic analysis, differences in CMTs used, past and present, alluding to COVID-19’s economic impacts on hotels.

Findings

Results determined that crises broadly economically impacted destinations similarly through loss of travellers and thus revenue. However, with a more intricate and specific assessment, destinations are impacted differently; thus, CMTs must alter. Findings show many CMTs can be implemented to reduce crises’ economic impacts. The literature review and empirical results allude to many previous and current CMTs, although these must be relevant and specific to the crisis, hotel and/or destination.

Practical implications

This paper has theoretical implications for academics on, among other things, theory building. Practically, it supports hotels in developing and determining CMTs to reduce the economic impacts of crises, to be better prepared when another pandemic emerges and contributes to the tourism and hospitality industry’s knowledge of management strategy within crises.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first Swedish study focusing on post-COVID-19 crisis management in hotels in London and Stockholm.
Testing the antecedents of customer knowledge sharing on social media: a quantitative analysis on Italian consumers
Authors: Baima Gabriele , Santoro Gabriele , Pellicelli Anna Claudia , Mitręga Maciej
Published: March 2022

Purpose

The increasing adoption of digital technologies such as social media have changed the way consumers share knowledge about products and services among each other. The aim of this paper is to test what factors drive customers to share knowledge about products and services on social media pages.

Design/methodology/approach

A quantitative survey design was employed for this study. Empirical data were drawn from 358 consumers in Italy, using a purposive sampling technique. The hypothesised relationships were tested using ordinary least squares regression modelling.

Findings

The results of this study reveal that the usage frequency of online reviews (UFORs), social bonds (SBs), subjective happiness (SH) and reciprocity positively impact on customer knowledge sharing (CKS). By contrast, the perceived usefulness of online reviews (PUORs), helping others, customer susceptibility to interpersonal influence (CSII) and informational (INFO) do not impact CKS.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors' knowledge, this study is amongst the first to empirically test the antecedents of knowledge-sharing behaviours about products and services on online social media. The present work offers relevant implications for theory. First, the work enriches the customer knowledge management (CKM) theory by providing empirical evidence on factors leading to the higher sharing of knowledge amongst customers. Second, the work adds to the literature on social media, demonstrating the individual determinants on knowledge-sharing behaviours about products and services in online communities. Practically speaking, this paper identifies some key elements driving CKS in social media conversations. Thus, building upon the findings of this study, the authors provide some guidelines for social media managers and retailers for promoting CKS on social media pages.
Understanding online retail brand equity: a cross-cultural perspective
Authors: Farías Pablo , Reyes Miguel , Peláez Jenny
Published: March 2022

Purpose

This study aims to assess how department store websites can add online retail brand equity. A quick, relatively easy and low-cost diagnostic tool for stakeholders (e.g. retailers, investors) is presented.

Design/methodology/approach

A content analysis of department store websites in the USA and Latin America was conducted.

Findings

The findings show that Latin American and US department store websites exhibit acceptable use of online retail brand equity dimensions related to emotional connection and trust. In contrast, compared to their US counterparts, Latin American department store websites show weak usage on some of the dimensions of responsive service nature, online experience and fulfillment. The results also show that higher online retail brand equity is positively associated with average daily time on site. This indicates the usefulness of this index for developing effective websites to creating online retail brand equity.

Practical implications

This study suggests that Latin American department stores should improve three dimensions of online retail brand equity: responsive service nature, online experience and fulfillment. The online retail brand equity index presented can serve as a diagnostic tool for department store managers to monitor the online retail brand equity they are building on their websites. It is also possible to analyze the websites of competing department stores and monitor the long-term impact of modifications made to their websites and those of competitors.

Originality/value

This paper proposes an easy-to-apply index to assess online retail brand equity through website design partially. In addition, this research is the first to evaluate how Latin American department store websites, compared to those in the USA, are building online retail brand equity.
A novel ensemble approach based on MCC and MCDM methods for prioritizing tweets mentioning urban issues in smart city
Authors: Yenkar Pranali Piyush , Sawarkar Sudhirkumar D.
Published: March 2022

Purpose

Social media platform, like Twitter, has increasingly become the mode of reporting civic issues owing to their vast and fast reachability. A tremendous amount of information on urban issues is shared every moment out of which some tweets may need immediate attention to save lives or avoid future disasters. Existing approaches are only limited to the identification of complaint tweets; however, its prioritization based on urgency is still unexplored. This study aims to decide the ranking of complaints based on its criticality derived using multiple parameters, like type of complaint, season, day or night, gender, holiday or working day, etc.

Design/methodology/approach

The approach proposes an ensemble of multi-class classification (MCC) and “two-level” multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) algorithms, like AHP and TOPSIS, to evaluate the accurate ranking score of the tweet based on the severity of the issue. Initially, the MCC is applied to tweets to categorize the tweets into three categories, i.e. moderate, urgent and immediate. Further, the first level of MCDM algorithm decides the ranking within each complaint type, and the second level evaluates the ranking across all types. Integration of MCC and MCDM methods further helps to increase the accuracy of the result.

Findings

The paper discusses various parameters and investigates how their combination plays a significant role in deciding the priority of complaints. It successfully demonstrates that MCDM techniques are helpful in generating the ranking score of tweets based on various criteria.

Originality/value

This paper fulfills an identified need to prioritize the complaint tweet which helps the local government to take time-bound actions and save a life.
Paradoxical leadership as a moderating factor in the relationship between organizational silence and employee voice: an examination using SEM
Authors: Sulphey M.M. , Jasim K. Mohamed
Published: March 2022

Purpose

Paradoxical leadership (PL) is a style that can bring stability and flexibility simultaneously, which helps organizations to manage the uncertain external environment. The purpose of this study is to identify if PL could moderate the relationship between organizational silence and employee voice.

Design/methodology/approach

Data for the study were collected from a sample of 617 gainfully employed factory employees using three standardized questionnaires. The data were analyzed using structural equation modelling (SEM) through Python programming. SEM was used to test the mediating, moderating, and serial-parallel relationship of the proposed model.

Findings

The research study found that organizational inertia led to silence among employees. It was also found that PL moderated the relationship between organizational silence and employee voice.

Originality/value

A fair review of the literature showed that studies that examine the effect of PL on organizational silence are scarce. The present study is a modest effort towards addressing this gap in the literature. The findings of the study are significant and have made a substantial contribution to management literature.
Digital marketing capability: the mystery of business capabilities
Authors: Apasrawirote Darlin , Yawised Kritcha , Muneesawang Paisarn
Published: March 2022

Purpose

This study aims to advance the understanding of digital marketing capability by conducting a comprehensive, systematic review of relevant literature at the firm level.

Design/methodology/approach

The study utilizes categorization and contextualization of qualitative methodologies to review the literature, using Scopus databases to collect 57 journals with 143 peer-reviewed papers as the main focus. The research gaps and DMCs were analyzed and synthesized and presented as collective categorization together with the proposed future direction framework.

Findings

This study proposed the relevance of digital marketing capabilities for businesses and the key measurement of business performance. The proposed dimensions of the digital marketing capabilities framework are to identify new research directions for both marketing and IT strands.

Originality/value

This study classify five main different themes in digital marketing incorporating with digital technologies (DTs) era and proposed relevance of digital marketing capabilities for businesses (B2C and B2B) and keys measurement of business performances.
Does electronic word-of-mouth influence e-recruitment adoption? A mediation analysis using the PLS-SEM approach
Authors: Kaur Davinder , Kaur Rajpreet
Published: March 2022

Purpose

E-recruiting has been a powerful tool for reaching the majority of job applicants around the world. Even though, previous literature has scarcely shed light on the factors responsible for the adoption of e-recruitment among job candidates. Originated from the technology acceptance model (TAM), this study aims to empirically examine the influence of online word-of-mouth in shaping job-seekers’ intentions for using e-recruitment websites.

Design/methodology/approach

A Google Docs-based online questionnaire was distributed via social media, LinkedIn and email to 740 participants, out of which 397 final responses were received. The partial least squares structural equation modeling using SmartPLS 3 was applied for evaluating the theoretical model.

Findings

This study empirically indicated that electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) has a significant impact on perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEOU) and attitude. Whereas, PU and attitude fully mediate the relationship between eWOM and behavioral intentions (BI) of job-seekers towards e-recruitment.

Practical implications

This research contributes to the understanding of the relevance of eWOM in e-recruitment adoption. eWOM provides job-related information that plays a significant role in the usage of online recruitment systems such as LinkedIn, job portals and company websites. This study offered a valuable contribution to the existing body of literature on e-recruitment, developers and Web-based hiring service providers.

Originality/value

This investigation was the first attempt in the e-recruitment literature to explore the influence of eWOM on job-seekers’ intentions to adopt online recruitment platforms, including the mediating role of PU, PEOU and attitude in the association between eWOM and BI.
A tertiary review of corporate social responsibility (CSR) research: lessons for the Arab region
Authors: Fatima Tahniyath , Elbanna Said
Published: March 2022

Purpose

Although corporate social responsibility (CSR) literature has been under research since its advent in the 1950s, scholars have only recently begun to examine the overly neglected Arab region along with other developing countries. As this region harbors more scholarly interest through its rising global impact and engagement in CSR, the authors seek to learn from the extant CSR literature in the West.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conduct a tertiary review of 97 CSR review studies and propose five broad future research topics that scholars can examine and learn from, in their examination of CSR in general and particularly in the Arab region.

Findings

The knowledge gaps proposed for future scholarly research include (1) surveying CSR measurement tools, (2) conducting multi-level studies on CSR, (3) studying the interaction effects in CSR-performance relationship, (4) exploring CSR in service industries and (5) examining the implementation of CSR.

Originality/value

In reviewing the general CSR review literature, the authors provide a tertiary review on CSR that is one of the first of its kind for the topic under study. Further, the proposed future research agenda is a step forward towards advancing the less-examined CSR research in the Arab region.
The role of bounded-authority concerns in shaping citizens' duty to obey authorities during COVID-19
Authors: Williamson Harley , Murphy Kristina , Sargeant Elise , McCarthy Molly
Published: March 2022

Purpose

The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated the introduction of extra-ordinary restrictions to mitigate its spread. Authorities rely on the public's voluntary willingness to obey these restrictions, yet the intrusive nature of these measures may lead some people to believe that authorities are overstepping the limits of their rightful power (i.e. bounded-authority). This paper applies the bounded-authority framework to the COVID-19 context to understand the factors associated with the public's duty to obey authorities during COVID-19.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper utilizes survey data from 1,582 individuals to examine what factors drive COVID-19-related bounded-authority concerns, and in turn, how bounded-authority concerns may impact one's duty to obey authorities during COVID-19.

Findings

Results show that worry about freedom loss, opposition to surveillance tactics, police heavy-handedness and perceptions of procedural injustice from police during the pandemic all drive bounded-authority concerns. Findings also reveal that bounded-authority concerns are associated with reduced duty to obey and mediate the relationship between procedural justice and the duty to obey authorities' enforcement of COVID-19 restrictions.

Originality/value

Findings reveal new evidence about the bounded-authority framework and the public's duty to obey authorities, with implications for the COVID-19 context and beyond.
How the supervisor's Machiavellianism results in abusive supervision: understanding the role of the supervisor's competitive worldviews and subordinate's performance
Authors: Khan Abdul Karim , Hameed Imran , Quratulain Samina , Arain Ghulam Ali , Newman Alexander
Published: March 2022

Purpose

Drawing on the dual process model of ideology and prejudice, the purpose of this paper is to examine whether, how and when a supervisor's Machiavellianism leads to subordinates' perceptions of abusive supervision. In doing so, the authors also explore the mediating role of the supervisor's competitive world views and the moderating role of subordinates' performance on this relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

The theoretical model was tested using three sources of data from supervisors, their subordinates and the organization. Hierarchical linear model analysis was run on supervisor and subordinate dyadic data for testing whether subordinates' performance moderated the mediated relationships or not.

Findings

The results suggest that the supervisors' competitive worldviews explain the positive link between their Machiavellianism and subordinates' perceptions of abusive supervision. The results highlight that the mediation effect of supervisors' competitive worldviews on the link between their Machiavellianism and their subordinates' perceptions of abusive supervision is more pronounced when subordinates' performance is low than when it is high.

Research limitations/implications

This research contributes to the authors’ knowledge of the link between supervisors' Machiavellianism and abusive supervision, and how the toxic influence of their Machiavellianism is mediated by supervisors' competitive worldviews.

Originality/value

The study contributes to the literature on abusive supervision and personality by studying the role of personality as an antecedent of abusive supervision. Further, this study used subordinates' performance as a contextual variable for understanding abusive supervision.
Precritical abnormalities in routine blood parameters in necrotizing fasciitis
Authors: Fukuda Masahiro , Nobeyama Yoshimasa , Asahina Akihiko
Published: March 2022

Necrotizing fasciitis is a rare and severe infectious disease that is often fatal and is characterized by the extensive necrosis of subcutaneous tissue and fascial planes. A number of clinical parameters have been intensively investigated to diagnose and assess the severity and prognosis of necrotizing fasciitis. Since it currently remains unclear whether these parameters are also abnormal before disease onset, the present study investigated this issue. We retrospectively recruited 38 patients, including 12 and 26 patients with necrotizing fasciitis and cellulitis, respectively. The results of routine blood examinations were collected at disease onset and also at baseline, which was defined as the time point before disease onset. No significant differences were observed in age or sex between the necrotizing fasciitis and cellulitis groups. However, significant differences were noted in the levels of hemoglobin, lymphocyte count, platelet count, neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, sodium, creatinine, albumin, D‐dimer, and Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotizing Fasciitis (LRINEC) score at disease onset. Significant differences were also observed in the levels of hemoglobin, lymphocyte count, monocyte count, platelet count, creatinine, D‐dimer, and LRINEC score at baseline. Hemoglobin, platelet count, C‐reactive protein, creatinine, albumin, and D‐dimer levels were already abnormal at baseline in the necrotizing fasciitis group. In conclusion, the present results revealed precritical abnormalities in routine blood parameters in patients with necrotizing fasciitis. Therefore, individuals predisposed to necrotizing soft tissue infection may be identified prior to disease onset.
Effects of soy lecithin concentration on the physicochemical properties of whey protein isolate, casein‐stabilised simulated infant formula emulsion and their corresponding microcapsules
Authors: Wu Feiyang , Chen Fang , Pu Yizhen , Qian Fang , Leng Youbin , Mu Guangqing , Zhu Xuemei
Published: March 2022

The effects of soy lecithin (SL) concentration on the physicochemical properties of whey protein isolate, casein‐stabilised simulated infant formula emulsion (SIFE) and the corresponding microcapsules obtained by spray‐drying were investigated. Soy lecithin addition significantly reduced the apparent viscosity of SIFE. Among the emulsions investigated in this work, the sample prepared with 5% SL demonstrated the smallest average particle size, largest intermolecular repulsion, lowest creaming index and strongest antioxidant capacity. The microcapsule preparations exhibited good re‐dispersibility in water. Spectral shifts in the bands of amides I and II indicated that SL addition can effectively enhance the inter‐ or intramolecular forces of the microcapsules. The high microencapsulation efficiency of 94.03% of the sample prepared with 5% SL could be attributed to favourable interactions between the emulsifier and protein at the adsorption layer. These findings will aid in the development of microcapsules with desirable features from protein–SL mixed systems.
Dually‐enrolled patients choose providers with lower wait times: Budgetary implications for the VHA
Authors: Yee Christine A. , Feyman Yevgeniy , Pizer Steven D.
Published: March 2022

Objective

To estimate the effect of wait times on patients' choice of provider and simulate changes in choice of provider due to compliance with VA MISSION Act wait time targets.

Data Sources

We use nationwide administrative data (2014–2017) on Veterans who are enrolled in Medicare and the Veterans Health Administration (VHA), the Survey of VHA Enrollees, Area Health Resource Files, and other data provided by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services.

Study Design

We use an instrumental variables approach to identify the effect of VHA wait times on the proportion of total (Medicare and VHA) services that are paid for by the VHA (“reliance”). We exploit shocks to VHA provider supply to isolate supply‐driven changes in wait times and estimate the effect on VHA reliance. We control for market and time fixed effects and local demand factors.

Data Collection/Extraction Methods

We use monthly aggregated data on 140 markets (groups of counties). VHA reliance is computed among patients aged 65 years or older who are dually enrolled in VHA and Medicare. VHA wait times and reliance are calculated for multiple specialties: cardiology, gastroenterology, orthopedics, urology, dermatology, and ophthalmology/optometry.

Principal Findings

A 10% increase in the mean wait time (+2.8 days) reduces VHA reliance by 2.3 percentage points (95% CI: 2.3, 2.7), or 7.9% of the sample mean. This implies that meeting the MISSION Act wait time targets may have multi‐billion‐dollar budgetary impacts. Effects vary across specialties. For example, a 10% increase in the mean wait time for cardiology services (+2.0 days) reduces reliance by 1.8 percentage points (95% CI: 1.6, 2.1), or 6.3% of the sample mean for cardiology services.

Conclusions

Meeting statutory wait time targets may have substantial unforeseen impacts on federal health care spending as patients sort to providers who have lower wait times.
S‐Allyl cysteine in garlic (Allium sativum): Formation, biofunction, and resistance to food processing for value‐added product development
Authors: Yudhistira Bara , Punthi Fuangfah , Lin Jer‐An , Sulaimana Andi Syahrullah , Chang Chao‐Kai , Hsieh Chang‐Wei
Published: March 2022

S‐allyl cysteine (SAC), which is the most abundant bioactive compound in black garlic (BG; Allium sativum), has been shown to have antioxidant, anti‐apoptotic, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐obesity, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective activities. Sulfur compounds are the most distinctive bioactive elements in garlic. Previous studies have provided evidence that the concentration of SAC in fresh garlic is in the range of 19.0–1736.3 μg/g. Meanwhile, for processed garlic, such as frozen and thawed garlic, pickled garlic, fermented garlic extract, and BG, the SAC content increased to up to 8021.2 μg/g. BG is an SAC‐containing product, with heat treatment being used in nearly all methods of BG production. Therefore, strategies to increase the SAC level in garlic are of great interest; however, further knowledge is required about the effect of processing factors and mechanistic changes. This review explains the formation of SAC in garlic, introduces its biological effects, and summarizes the recent advances in processing methods that can affect SAC levels in garlic, including heat treatment, enzymatic treatment, freezing, fermentation, ultrasonic treatment, and high hydrostatic pressure. Thus, the aim of this review was to summarize the outcomes of treatment aimed at maintaining or increasing SAC levels in BG. Therefore, publications from scientific databases in this field of study were examined. The effects of processing methods on SAC compounds were evaluated on the basis of the SAC content. This review provides information on the processing approaches that can assist food manufacturers in the development of value‐added garlic products.
Pre‐hospital emergency anaesthesia in trauma patients: An observational study from a state‐wide Australian pre‐hospital and retrieval service
Authors: Maclure Paul , Gluck Samuel , Kerin Kate , Boyle Laura , Ellis Daniel
Published: March 2022

Objective

To assess the performance of an Australian pre‐hospital and retrieval medicine (PHRM) service against the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) standard which recommends that pre‐hospital emergency anaesthesia (PHEA) in trauma patients should be conducted within 45‐min of first contact with emergency services.

Methods

Retrospective observational study of all adult trauma patients in which PHEA was conducted by the PHRM service covering a 5‐year period from January 2015 to December 2019.

Results

Over the 5‐year study period, 1509 (22%) of the PHRM service workload comprised primary retrievals from scene. Most 1346 (89%) of these cases had a primary diagnosis of trauma. Of these we have complete data for 328 of the 337 cases requiring a PHEA and 121 (37%) patients received this within the recommended 45‐min time frame. The service attended in rapid response vehicles (n = 160, 49%), rotary wing (n = 151, 46%) and fixed wing (n = 17, 5%) transport modalities. For a service covering 983 482 km2, the median distance travelled to patients was 35 (16–71) km and the median time to PHEA was 54 (38–80) min.

Conclusions

In a cohort of 337 patients treated by a dedicated PHRM service in South Australia, the median time to PHEA was 54 (38–80) min with only 37% of patients receiving PHEA within 45 min from the activation of the team. Despite differing patient demographics, the percentage of patients receiving PHEA within the recommended time frame was greater than a similar cohort from the UK. However, both data sets still fall short of recommended targets.
Circ_ZFR affects FABP7 expression to regulate breast cancer progression by acting as a sponge for miR‐223‐3p
Authors: Tian Xiuling , Yang Hong , Fang Qian , Quan Hongmei , Lu Hongyu , Wang Xin
Published: March 2022

Background

Breast cancer (BC) is a common malignancy in women. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been reported to play a key role in the development of BC; however, the effect of circular RNA zinc finger RNA binding protein (circ_ZFR) in BC is unknown.

Methods

Abundances of circ_ZFR, fatty acid binding protein 7 (FABP7), and microRNA‐223‐3p (miR‐223‐3p) were measured by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). The circular structure of circ_ZFR was validated by RNase R treatment. Cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis were assessed by colony formation, cell counting kit‐8, Transwell, flow cytometry assays, respectively. All protein levels were determined by Western blot. Dual‐luciferase reporter assay was used to confirm the relationship between miR‐223‐3p and circ_ZFR or FABP7. A xenograft model was established to understand the effect of circ_ZFR on BC cell growth in vivo.

Results

The expression levels of circ_ZFR and FABP7 were higher in BC tissues and cell lines, whereas miR‐223‐3p expression was lower. Knockdown of circ_ZFR or FABP7 in BC cells reduced proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), and induced apoptosis in vitro, whereas the opposite effects were observed in circ_ZFR‐overexpressed cells. Furthermore, circ_ZFR might act as a sponge for miR‐223‐3p to regulate FABP7 expression, thereby promoting the progression of BC cells in vitro and in vivo.

Conclusion

Circ_ZFR might act as a miRNA sponge for miR‐223‐3p to regulate FABP7, thereby promoting proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT of BC cells, and inhibiting cell apoptosis.
Computational models of exploration and exploitation characterise onset and efficacy of treatment in methamphetamine use disorder
Authors: Robinson Alex H. , Chong Trevor T.‐J. , Verdejo‐Garcia Antonio
Published: March 2022

People with Methamphetamine Use Disorder (PwMUD) spend substantial time and resources on substance use, which hinders their ability to explore alternate reinforcers. Gold‐standard behavioural treatments attempt to remedy this by encouraging action towards non‐drug reinforcers, but substance use often persists. We aimed to unravel the mechanistic drivers of this behaviour by applying a computational model of explore/exploit behaviour to decision‐making data (Iowa Gambling Task) from 106 PwMUD and 48 controls. We then examined the longitudinal link between explore/exploit mechanisms and changes in methamphetamine use 6 weeks later. Exploitation parameters included reinforcement sensitivity and inverse decay (i.e., number of past outcomes used to guide choices). Exploration parameters included maximum directed exploration value (i.e., value of trying novel actions). The Timeline Follow Back measured changes in methamphetamine use. Compared to controls, PwMUD showed deficits in exploitative decision‐making, characterised by reduced reinforcement sensitivity, U = 3065, p = 0.009, and less use of previous choice outcomes, U = 3062, p = 0.010. This was accompanied by a behavioural pattern of frequent shifting between choices, which appeared consistent with random exploration. Furthermore, PwMUD with greater reductions of methamphetamine use at 6 weeks had increased directed exploration (β = 0.22, p = 0.045); greater use of past choice outcomes (β = −0.39, p = 0.002) and greater choice consistency (β = −0.39, p = 0.002). Therefore, limited computational exploitation and increased behavioural exploration characterise PwMUD's presentation to treatment, while increased directed exploration, use of past choice outcomes and choice consistency predict greater reductions of methamphetamine use.
Understanding the role of myoglobin content in Iberian pigs fattened in an extensive system through analysis of the transcriptome profile
Authors: Fernández‐Barroso Miguel Ángel , García‐Casco Juan María , Núñez Yolanda , Ramírez‐Hidalgo Luisa , Matos Gema , Muñoz María
Published: March 2022

Meat color is the first perceived sensory feature and one of the most important quality traits. Myoglobin is the main pigment in meat, giving meat its characteristic cherry‐red color, highly appreciated by the consumers. In the current study, we used the RNA‐seq technique to characterize the longissimus dorsi muscle transcriptome in two groups of Iberian pigs with divergent breeding values for myoglobin content. As a result, we identified 57 differentially expressed genes and transcripts (DEGs). Moreover, we have validated the RNA‐seq expression of a set of genes by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Functional analyses revealed an enrichment of DEGs in biological processes related to oxidation (HBA1), lipid metabolism (ECH1, PLA2G10, PLD2), inflammation (CHST1, CD209, PLA2G10), and immune system (CD209, MX2, LGALS3, LGALS9). The upstream analysis showed a total of five transcriptional regulatory factors and eight master regulators that could moderate the expression of some DEGs, highlighting SPI1 and MAPK1, since they regulate the expression of DEGs involved in immune defense and inflammatory processes. Iberian pigs with high myoglobin content also showed higher expression of the HBA1 gene and both molecules, myoglobin and hemoglobin, have been described as having a protective effect against oxidative and inflammatory processes. Therefore, the HBA1 gene is a very promising candidate gene to harbor polymorphisms underlying myoglobin content, whereby further studies should be carried out for its potential use in an Iberian pig selection program.
The effects of values and information on the willingness to pay for sustainability credence attributes for coffee
Authors: Fuller Katherine , Grebitus Carola , Schmitz Troy G.
Published: March 2022

This research estimates consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for coffee labeled for sustainability credence attributes using non‐hypothetical experimental auctions. We examined consumers’ WTP for Fair Trade, USDA Organic, Rainforest Alliance, Direct Trade, and a combination of Fair Trade and USDA Organic labels on coffee. Additionally, we investigated the underlying motivations of WTP for sustainable coffee. Specifically, we focused on altruistic, egoistic, and biospheric value orientation, and the warm glow effect. Our results indicate that consumers are willing to pay a premium of $2.57 for a 12oz coffee bag labeled for both, Fair Trade and USDA Organic, $2.04 for USDA Organic, $1.79 for Fair Trade, $1.96 for Rainforest Alliance, and $1.71 for Direct Trade. We also find that consumers react positively to information about the labels’ claims, increasing the premium by approximately 55% for Rainforest Alliance coffee and 72% for Fair Trade coffee. Although some consumers exclusively pursue their self‐interest and do not care about social goals “per se”, this does not hold for everyone. Our study demonstrates that the warm glow effect on consumers that like coffee influences bids for coffee that carries sustainability labels.
Trajectories of prescription opioid and heroin use in adulthood
Authors: Veliz Philip , Schulenberg John E. , McCabe Vita V. , McCabe Sean E.
Published: March 2022

Background and Objectives

Due to a reduction in the availability of prescription opioids in the United States, the potential transition from prescription opioids to heroin is a public health concern. We assessed trajectories of both nonmedical prescription opioid (NMPO) and heroin use from adolescence (age 18) to adulthood (age 50) and how these trajectories were associated with substance use disorder (SUD) in adulthood (age 35–50).

Methods

A national sample of 26,569 individuals from eleven cohorts of US high school seniors (1976–1986) who were followed until age 50 (2008–2018). The analysis focuses on respondents who engaged in past‐year NMPO and heroin use. Outcomes included the endorsement of two or more SUD symptoms.

Results

Among NMPO users, 7.5% had used heroin by the age of 50. The latent profile analyses assessing individuals who reported both NMPO and heroin use during the 32‐year study period found four unique trajectory groups: (1) “age 18 concurrent use” (81.2%); (2) “mid‐30s NMPO‐to‐heroin use transition” (10.7%); (3) age 19/20 NMPO‐to‐heroin use transition, followed by 40s heroin‐to‐NMPO use transition (4.3%); and (4) “mid‐20s NMPO‐to‐heroin use transition” (3.7%). Respondents in the “mid‐30s NMPO‐to‐heroin use transition” trajectory group had the highest odds of indicating two or more SUD symptoms between ages 35–50.

Conclusion and Scientific Significance

This is the first study to assess NMPO and heroin use trajectories among a national probability‐based sample followed from age 18 to 50. The findings suggest that prescription opioid misuse is a risk factor in the development of SUDs and has a long‐term impact.
Political Performance and Political Trust in Australia
Authors: Jiang Liang
Published: March 2022

While political trust has declined in Australia, reaching its lowest level ever recorded in 2019, there remain very few studies on what explains the variation in political trust and therefore what leads to such change in political trust is less certain in Australia. This paper examines the role of political performance, grounded in the valence model of electoral support, in shaping the political trust of citizens in Australia, using Australian Election Study data from 2001 to 2019. Political performance is measured by economic performance, partisanship, leadership image, political satisfaction, and leadership change, based on the valence model of electoral support. The results demonstrate that economic performance, leadership image, and political satisfaction have contributed to a change in the level of political trust in Australia, whereas partisanship and leadership change have not been significantly associated with variation in political trust.
Incidental findings on single‐photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) lymphoscintigraphy in breast cancer: the proposed Westmead SPECT/CT incidental findings classification
Authors: Quah Gaik Si , French James R. , Gordon Damon J. , Juvarkar Laximi Y. , Meybodi Farid , Hsu Jeremy , Elder Elisabeth
Published: March 2022

Background

The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of incidental radiological findings detected on SPECT/CT performed as part of pre‐operative lymphoscintigraphy for sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in patients undergoing breast cancer surgery and development of a modified classification to workup these lesions.

Methods

A retrospective audit was performed of all SPECT/CT performed in combination with lymphoscintigrams in breast cancer patients presenting with clinically node negative axillae and operated on by breast surgeons at the Westmead Breast Cancer Institute over a 12‐month period.

Results

Four hundred and nineteen patients were included in the study. In 149 patients (35.6%), there was a total of 205 incidental findings. The most common findings were, pulmonary abnormalities (38.5%), abdominal findings (27.8%), thyroid nodules (14.6%), cardiac abnormalities (10.7%) and others (8.3%). Using our proposed Westmead SPECT/CT incidental findings (WSIF) classification, 7.8% were known, 17.6% were major findings, 48.3% were minor findings, 15.1% were minimal findings and 11.2% were equivocal findings. 17.6% (n = 36) underwent further workup and investigation and 3.4% of patients (n = 5) required therapeutic intervention, including chemotherapy for primary lung cancer(n = 1) and surgeries (thoracotomy, n = 1; thyroidectomy, n = 2; colonoscopy, n = 1). 93.8% (n = 393) had at least one SLN mapped, most commonly located in Level 1 of the axilla.

Conclusion

The incidental findings on SPECT/CT in combination with lymphoscintigraphy is within the range of previous studies (27.3–59.5%). A small proportion of patients required significant major interventions (3.4%). We propose that all incidental findings should be assessed according to our WSIF classification to aid in triaging need for further investigation and management.
Congenital cataract surgery: long‐term refractive outcomes of a new intraocular lens power correction formula
Authors: Touzé Romain , Dureau Pascal , Edelson Catherine , Borella Ysé , Barjol Amandine , de Laage de Meux Patrice , Caputo Georges
Published: March 2022

Purpose

The final refraction after intraocular lens (IOL) implantation remains a challenge in the management of paediatric cataracts. No consensual guidelines exist for the choice of IOL power. The aim of this study was to validate a method of IOL power calculation by evaluating the final refractive error in all patients with IOL implantation operated at our institution.

Methods

We retrospectively studied all children under 7 years of age who underwent cataract surgery with IOL implantation at our institution between 2010 and 2015. Intraocular lens (IOL) power was calculated as follows: After B‐scan determination of the emmetropic IOL power, a reduction of 40%, 35%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10% and 5% was applied to children 0–3, 3–6, 6–12, 12–18, 18–24, 24–30, 30–36, 36–48 months, respectively. The following data were collected: follow‐up, age at surgery, uni‐ or bilaterality, implanted IOL power and final refraction.

Results

During this period, 81 children (125 eyes) met the inclusion criteria with a median follow‐up of 60 months (36–97). The median age at surgery was 6.61 months (0.76–48). We included 52 children with bilateral cataract (96 eyes) and 29 children with unilateral cataract (29 eyes). The mean implanted IOL power was 23.3 ± 4.6 diopters (D). The mean spherical equivalent at last follow‐up was 0.07 ± 3.5 D.

Conclusion

Our undercorrection formula for IOL implantation after congenital cataract surgery leads to long‐term refractive results globally close to emmetropia.
Creating meaning by taking initiative: Proactive work behavior fosters work meaningfulness
Authors: Fay Doris , Strauss Karoline , Schwake Christopher , Urbach Tina
Published: March 2022

We argue that proactive work behavior's future orientation allows individuals to establish a connection with the future and thus to experience their work as meaningful. We further expect that this effect is enhanced when individuals are faced with an unpredictability of the future in their core job.

We tested our hypotheses in three independent studies with employees. We first established the effect of proactive work behavior on work meaningfulness in a scenario‐based experiment (n = 140). A second experiment (n = 116) replicated this and also demonstrated that the effect was not driven by the benefits of proactive work behavior to others. A daily diary study (n = 107, k = 391) showed that day‐level proactive work behavior was positively associated with daily work meaningfulness and that this effect was again independent from having benefitted others. The results also confirmed that this relationship was stronger when an individual's job was characterized by unpredictability of the future. Our findings highlight the active role employees play for the experience of work as meaningful and suggests that encouraging proactive work behavior may be one avenue to promote work meaningfulness.
Silver linings around dark clouds: Tourism, Covid‐19 and a return to traditional values, villages and the vanua
Authors: Movono Apisalome , Scheyvens Regina , Auckram Sophie
Published: March 2022

The global pandemic has adversely affected tourism globally, particularly in small island states heavily dependent on tourism. The closure of borders to regular flights for over a year in places such as Fiji, Samoa, Cook Islands and Vanuatu, where this research was undertaken, has resulted in massive job losses. Many tourism employees have left the once‐bustling tourist hubs, returning to villages and family settlements. Such clear urban to rural migration behaviours do not dominate movement patterns in the Pacific, but are an important and enduring strategy when shocks strike. In the case of the pandemic‐induced migration to villages, former tourism workers have had to engage in a complicated process of adapting to the communal setting, employing new – as well as traditional – strategies to sustain a livelihood. Thus, this paper will discuss how the pandemic has influenced return migration patterns in the Pacific, and the implications of this shift. Findings suggest that, despite their financial struggles, people have adapted to life in their ancestral homes by rekindling their relationships with kin and increasing their engagement on their customary land. They have relearned about traditional Indigenous knowledge, diversified their skills and reconnected with their social and ecological systems. This spiritual homecoming observed in the Pacific ultimately shows that there can be silver linings to the dark clouds of the current disorder.
Disparities in oral anticoagulation initiation in patients with schizophrenia and atrial fibrillation: A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Højen Anette Arbjerg , Nielsen Peter Brønnum , Riahi Sam , Jensen Martin , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Larsen Torben Bjerregaard , Søgaard Mette
Published: March 2022

Aims

Schizophrenia is associated with poor anticoagulation control and clinical prognosis in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Little is known about initiation of oral anticoagulation therapy (OAC) in this patient population.

Methods

In the nationwide Danish health registries, we identified all patients with incident AF and schizophrenia with indication for OAC treatment. Patients with schizophrenia (n = 673) were matched 1:5 on sex, age, stroke risk score, and calendar‐period to incident AF patients without schizophrenia. We calculated absolute risk and risk difference (RD) of OAC initiation, adjusting for stroke and bleeding risk factors. Analyses were stratified by calendar period (2000–2011 and 2012–2018) to account for changes after the introduction of non‐vitamin K OACs (NOAC).

Results

Among patients with schizophrenia (mean age 69.5 years, 50.3% females), 33.7% initiated OAC within the first year after AF diagnosis, compared with 54.4% of patients without schizophrenia, corresponding to an adjusted RD of −20.7 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −24.7 to −16.7). OAC initiation increased over time regardless of schizophrenia status. During 2000–2011, 18.3% of patients with schizophrenia and 42.9% without schizophrenia initiated OAC (adjusted RD −23.6%, 95% CI −28.8 to −18.6). During 2012–2018, this was 48.5% and 65.7%, respectively (adjusted RD −14.4%, 95% CI −20.4 to −8.4).

Conclusion

Initiation of OAC was substantially lower among patients with AF and schizophrenia compared with matched AF peers. These findings accentuate the importance of close attention to disparities in initiation of OAC treatment, and potential missed opportunities for prevention of disabling strokes in AF patients with schizophrenia.
Incidence in pharmacoepidemiology—Basic definitions and types of misclassification
Authors: Hoffmann Mikael , Støvring Henrik
Published: March 2022

The definition of a new case is a vital step in incidence studies in both epidemiology and pharmacoepidemiology, although with significant differences in methodology between the fields. We define and apply a framework for two different types of new cases of drug use, first‐ever and recurrent, and show how the associated misclassifications related to length of run‐in period can be expressed by the positive predictive value (PPV).

In the study, we consider individual‐level dispensations of statins 2006–2019 for 1,017,058 individuals with at least one dispensation in 2019 in Sweden. The incidence proportion for statins for both sexes of all ages in Sweden 2019 varied from 17.4/1000 with a run‐in of 8 months, 9.45/1000 with 5 years and 8.4/1000 with 10 years. The PPV was 49% with 8 months and 89% for 5 years using 10 years as gold standard.

We conclude that the interpretation of incidence and thus the selection of an appropriate run‐in period, in pharmacoepidemiology, depends on whether first‐ever use, recurrent treatment or both together (new cases) is the focus of the research question studied. At least five different misclassifications can be introduced depending on how incidence is defined.
A Note on Familywise Error Rate for a Primary and Secondary Endpoint
Authors: Proschan Michael A. , Follmann Dean A.
Published: March 2022

Hung et al. (2007) considered the problem of controlling the type I error rate for a primary and secondary endpoint in a clinical trial using a gatekeeping approach in which the secondary endpoint is tested only if the primary endpoint crosses its monitoring boundary. They considered a two-look trial and showed by simulation that the naive method of testing the secondary endpoint at full level α at the time the primary endpoint reaches statistical significance does not control the familywise error rate at level α. Tamhane et al. (2010) derived analytic expressions for familywise error rate and power and confirmed the inflated error rate of the naive approach. Nonetheless, many people mistakenly believe that the closure principle can be used to prove that the naive procedure controls the familywise error rate. The purpose of this note is to explain in greater detail why there is a problem with the naive approach and show that the degree of alpha inflation can be as high as that of unadjusted monitoring of a single endpoint.