bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The use of small-sized tractors in agriculture
Authors: Vorozhtsov O V , Plaksin I E , Trifanov A V
Published: February 2022

The most complex and expensive machines on the agricultural machinery market are tractors and combines. The number of agricultural tractors produced in Russia in 2019 amounted to 3,798 units, but only 38.7 of them are domestic, and 61.3% are foreign cars assembled in Russia. All tractors are classified according to purpose, type of propulsion unit and type of frame. By the type of mover, wheeled and tracked tractors are the most common. Wheeled tractors are easy to manufacture, operate, maintain, have a lower cost, and are more versatile. Caterpillar tractors, in turn, are more effective on waterlogged and loose soils, since, due to the larger support area, they have less impact on the ground. The share of small-scale enterprises in gross agricultural production in 2020 increased to 14.3% due to the implementation of state programs for the development of small agribusiness. This category of farms produces about a third of the total volume of grain - 39.4 million tons. Despite the significant role of small-scale enterprises in the agricultural economy of Russia, this category of farms is not sufficiently provided with the necessary agricultural machinery, such as small tractors with the necessary attachments. Moreover, the demand for domestically produced mini tractors is growing every year due to their versatility, operational reliability and ease of maintenance. The lack of mini-tractors in the consumer market forces farmers to use tractors of traction class 1.4 and 2 in the production of products, which leads to excessive pressure on the ground, its overcompaction and destruction of the structure. In addition, on small-area fields with difficult terrain for the operation of equipment, it is impossible to fully implement the efficiency of tractors of this traction class. These factors substantiate the need for further development and manufacture of mini-tractors, taking into account existing global trends, such as the use of artificial intelligence, which includes decision support systems, expert systems, autonomous robots and robotic systems, as well as unmanned units.
Forecasting operating parameters of personal households
Authors: Zhichkin K , Zhichkina L , Komkova I N , Sharipov F F , Degtyarev A S
Published: February 2022

Personal subsidiary plots in the Russian agrarian economy conditions play a significant role. In the Samara region, they provide for the production of about half of livestock products, potatoes, vegetables, fruits and berries, which is especially important for fulfilling the parameters of the new Concept of Food Security of the Russian Federation, adopted in January 2020. The aim of the work is to study personal subsidiary farms in the Samara region as one of the most important sources of food in the region and determine the parameters for predicting their development in the short term in order to formulate a state policy to support the formation of food security in the region. As part of the study, econometric models were built for forecasting the production of the main types of agricultural products in private household plots using the example of the livestock industry. Factors influencing the number of cattle and pigs in all typical settlements were identified. State support measures are proposed to increase the number of these groups of animals in the sector of personal subsidiary plots. The number of cattle is influenced by the agricultural employment of the owners of private household plots, the available livestock of other types of farm animals, and the size of the land plot. The number of pigs is mainly influenced by work in an agricultural enterprise.
Conservation and study of the generic complex Chrysanthemum L. in the Southern Ural
Authors: Denisova S G , Reut A A
Published: February 2022

Chrysanthemum × hortorum is the most well-known blossoming late flower, which is oftenly used for home landscaping and city gardening. The aim of the study was a comprehensive assessment of varieties of chrysanthemum from the collection of the South-Ural Botanical Garden of Ufa, taking into account the directions of use. At the first stage of analysis, decorative and economically valuable signs were assessed. As a result of the analysis of the decorative qualities of 112 varieties of chrysanthemum, ten were identified, which have a high decorative effect of the bush, a weak aroma and are characterized by abundant flowering; they are rated 49–50 points. 84 varieties are rated 40–48 points, they have less abundant flowering and a stronger aroma. According to economically valuable traits, the highest number of points (48-49) was awarded to 4 varieties. As a result of the comprehensive assessment, 106 varieties were classified as highly promising, they scored more than 80 points; six varieties are promising, they are estimated at 60–80 points. At the second stage of the analysis, when determining a promising direction of use, it was revealed that most varieties (88) can be recommended for garden use and 25 for container crops.
Measures of state support for the development of agriculture in the Russian Federation and the European Union
Authors: Shinkareva O V , Evdokimova Y V , Egorova E N
Published: February 2022

This article discusses the main measures to support the agricultural sector in the European Union and the Russian Federation. General trends have been identified that change the processes of the world agricultural sector. The goals of subsidizing agriculture by the states and the applied forms of support for this sector of the economy are given. A detailed analysis of the structure of subsidies allocated for short-term and long-term lending to the agricultural sector of the Russian Federation in 2021 by type of loans and federal districts.
Life-form of plants influences response of plant communities to exploitation stress
Authors: Luginina E A , Egoshina T L
Published: February 2022

The paper presents the results of the experiment, which was designed to study the process of recovery of medicinal plants species (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L., Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng., Hypericum perforatum L., and Origanum vulgare L.) after cutting. We showed that restoration rates depend on a type of exploitation (periods of “rest” between removal of the phytomass) and species’ life-form. The results showed that restoration perios for the studied species varies from 4 to 10 years.
Assessment of the parameters of adaptability of individual populations of the cocksfoot in the Arctic region
Authors: Tulinov A G , Kosolapova T V
Published: February 2022

Perennial grasses play an important role in increasing land productivity and increasing the production of high-protein fodder. They are grown in field and fodder crop rotations, in cultivated hayfields for green fodder, hay, haylage, grass cutting and grass meal. In the fodder balance, they account for almost half of the total requirement of farm animals for plant fodder. The cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) is just such a perennial cereal crop that can become the basis for creating a solid forage base. Creation of a new variety, high-yielding, with good quality forage mass, high adaptability to biotic and abiotic environmental factors, is a solution to the urgent problem of strengthening the branch of forage production. The studies were carried out in the Komi Republic (Russia, Syktyvkar) in the period from 2016 to 2018. in order to determine the parameters of adaptability and yield of green mass of collection samples and promising populations of cocksfoot combined with the subsequent selection of the most valuable of them for further breeding work. We studied samples of various ecological and geographical origin obtained from the world collection of the All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources named after N.I. Vavilov - VIR (Russia, St. Petersburg), geographically belonging to the Barents Euro-Arctic region: eight from Russia, including five from the Republic Komi (42733, 42734, 42736, 43024, 45945) and three from the Arkhangelsk region (44342, 36684, 44343), two from Norway (41826, 44021) and one from Finland (47268). According to a set of economically valuable parameters, samples 42733, 45945, 41826 were identified with a yield of green mass on average for two mows of 220-237 c / ha. Varieties Dvina and Naka with values of adaptability parameters for stress resistance from -73 to -96, with a coefficient of variation - 18.4-25.2% and with a breeding value - 130-139 are attributed to the most stable and plastic varieties. They provide valuable starting material for further study and use in the breeding process.
Biological protection of buckwheat plants from stress in the natural and climatic zones of the Republic of Tatarstan
Authors: Klimova Lilia , Kadyrova Fanusya
Published: February 2022

In the conditions of the Middle Volga region, an unfavorable combination of hydrothermal conditions influences the growth, development and formation of the buckwheat crop in different periods of the growing season. The solution to this problem can be the development of a plant protection system using biological agents with adaptogenic properties. The article discusses the effectiveness of treatment schemes for plants with biological preparations in various natural and climatic zones of the Republic of Tatarstan.
Impact analysis of state support on the agricultural organizations’ performance in Saratov region
Authors: Sharikova I V , Sannikova M O , Lysova T A , Sharonova E V , Kalinichenko E B
Published: February 2022

The authors analyzed the impact of state support volume on the agricultural organizations’ performance in Saratov region. It is noted that there is no direct relationship between the output of commodity, gross output and volume of targeted financing. The authors note, however, that in lean years, targeted financing allows commodity producers to significantly ensure the reproduction process stability. The impact of government support on the performance indicators of agricultural organizations should be assessed by indicators that characterize the profit and capacity of the funds received. For these purposes, methods for evaluating state support are proposed for practical use, which allow us to quantify its impact. On the basis of these methods, the classification of municipal regional districts according to the level of state funds’ level impact on the reproductive process was carried out, based on the natural-climatic and industrial-economic features of agricultural production: the volume of state support, the level of production intensification, its specialization, the structure of property and energy security of enterprises, the level of labor productivity and payment.
Efficiency evaluation of oil flax cultivation under different methods of herbicide application
Authors: Bushnev A S , Podlesny S P , Orekhov G I , Mamyrko Yu V
Published: February 2022

The article presents long-term research (2018-2020) on the effect of herbicide tank mixtures Herbitox, SC (1.0 l/ha) and Miura, EC (1.2 l/ha); Cleo, WDG (0.12 kg/ha) and Miura, EC (1.2 l/ha), as well as of the separate application of these preparations on the productivity of oil flax (variety FLIZ of the breeding of V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops) in the zone of unstable moistening on leached chernozem of the Western Ciscaucasia. We established that on average for three years, in case of treatment of oil flax with a tank mixture of herbicides Herbitox, SC (1.0 l/ha) and Miura, EC (1.2 l/ha); Cleo, WDG (0.12 kg/ha) and Miura, EC (1.2 l/ha), we got higher yields compared to their separate application – 1.39 and 1.37 t/ha, respectively, oil yield – 0.55 t/ha; there was high net income of 21629 and 21004 rub/ha with a profitability of 80 and 78 %, respectively.
Bacterial luminescent biosensors in the system for assessing the mechanisms of antibacterial activity of carbon-based nanomaterials
Authors: Vlasenko L V , Nechitailo K S
Published: February 2022

The study presents the results of an analysis of possible mechanisms of antibacterial activity of nanocarbon compounds. It was found that the contact of carbon-based nanomaterials with bacterial cells is not accompanied by a violation of their structural integrity and the development of various types of stress (oxidative stress, reaction of the protein-chaperone system, SOS response). The result of this interaction is a change in the magnitude of the surface zeta potential of cells and the permeability of their membrane, which negatively affects the energy processes occurring in target cells. The direct manifestation of this condition is a decrease in the level of luminescence of luminescent strains and a loss of viability.
Influence of elements of cultivation technology on yield and grain quality of winter triticale in the conditions of the Urals
Authors: Sukhanberdina L Kh , Tulegenova D K , Kaliyeva L T , Turbayev A Zh , Mussina M K
Published: February 2022

The article presents the results of experimental studies to identify the optimal sowing dates and seeding rates for seeds of winter triticale varieties. Grain yield indicators at different sowing dates and seeding rates for 2019-2020 indicate that 2020 was more favorable for the formation of high productivity of winter triticale. Analysis of two-year data on the productivity of winter triticale varieties showed that with a late sowing period (September 15), a decrease in productivity is observed. The use of an increased seeding rate leads to an increase in the density of the productive stalk, with a simultaneous decrease in the mass of grain in the ear and the grain content in the ear. Favorable conditions were created for plants of the first (August 25) and second (September 5) sowing dates, with a seeding rate of 3.0 million and 4.0 million germinating grains per hectare. It was revealed that, regardless of the seeding rate, an increase in the level of protein in the grain of triticale varieties occurs at a late sowing period (September 15). The maximum protein content was noted in the Kastus variety (15.1%) at the third sowing period, at a seeding rate of 3.0 million germinating grains per hectare. To obtain high and stable yields of winter triticale grain in local conditions, the optimal sowing period should be considered the period from august 25 to September 5, at a seeding rate of 3.0 and 4.0 million germinable grains per hectare. With a favorable regime of moisture supply, it is allowed to sow winter triticale until September 15. The use of an increased rate (5.0 million) is not a factor contributing to an increase in yields in winter triticale varieties under WKO conditions. The most productive varieties adapted to the conditions of the dry steppe zone are the varieties Kastus, Fidelio, Valentin 90, which can be recommended for introduction into production.
Research methodology for machine performance for harvesting plant residues of trellis vegetable crops
Authors: Andreev N A , Levchenko G V , Ryzhkova I V , Chumakova S.V.
Published: February 2022

At the article we discuss the methods of growing products in greenhouses. In order to improve cutting and removal of crop residues process proposed machines with a cutting device. The methodology of the dependence of the productivity of the machine for trimming plant residues of trellis vegetable crops on its technical characteristics is presented.
Morphogenetic productivity index of winter soft wheat
Authors: Prokhorova T M , Kharitonova M V , Stepanov S A , Kasatkin M Iu , Korobko V V
Published: February 2022

This research is dedicated to the study of the morphogenetic index of productivity of winter soft wheat. While studying, the number of spikelets in the ear, grains in the ear and the mass of grains in the ear were measured, the morphogenetic index of productivity was calculated according to the main indicators of the shoot. In selection practical work the morphogenetic productivity index is a convenient criterion for evaluating the morphogenetic potential and the yield of the cultivar. 8 (eight) cultivars of winter soft wheat of Saratov selection were taken as study material. The study reveals that the morphogenetic productivity index (MPI) for the number of spikelets per ear varies from 2.36 (Lutescens 230) to 5.43 (Saratovskaya 17). According to the number of grains in the ear, Saratovskaya 17 shows the variety of 2.31 while Kalach 60 shows the variety of 3.9. The Pearl of Povolzhe, Mironovskaya 808, and Kalach 60 demonstrate high values of MPI according to the weight of grains in the ear. The analyzing of the obtained data allows to find out that the MPI values of each of the productivity elements for the same cultivar can greatly differ over the growing years, which, in our opinion, indicates the wide plasticity of the variety in specific weather conditions of the growing season. The analysis of the correlation of MPI indicators with productivity shows that cultivars which have high morphogenetic productivity index (Guberniya, Saratovskaya 90, Kalach 60) are characterized by high productivity.
Contamination of crops with various methods of soil cultivation
Authors: Podlesniy D S , Semenikhina Y A , Kambulov S I , Ivanova T A , Chikrizova V B
Published: February 2022

The article presents the results of researches on the influence of various methods of soil cultivation on the contamination of soybeans in the conditions of many years of stationary experience. The following methods of soil cultivation were studied: flat-cut, layer-by-layer, moldboard plowing, direct sowing. The species composition and number of weeds and their wet weight were taken into account by counting and weighing them in the phase of a true leaf at the 3rd node (1st count) and the phase of development of fruits and seeds (2nd count). The difference in contamination between the methods of soil cultivation is best seen in the second count, because by this time the numerical growth of weeds has ceased. It was found that for the flat-cut method, after the second counting, the number of weeds decreased by 86,49% to 16,00 pcs / m2, but the wet weight increased by 1.75 to 310.26 g / m2. When cultivating the soil in layers, the number of weeds decreased by 40.08% to 60.00 pcs / m2, but the wet weight increased 2.04 times to 300.91 g / m2. For the dumping method, the number of weeds decreased by 68.05% to 40.00 pcs/m2 and the wet weight of weeds also decreased by 0.40 times to 128.53 g/m2. For the variant with direct sowing, there was a decrease in the number by 64.71% to 11.00 pcs/m2 and a decrease in wet weight by 0.89 times to 280.30 g/m2. The smallest contamination of soybean crops was revealed with direct sowing in comparison with other methods of soil cultivation.
Environmentally safe protection of tomato culture in the conditions of the coastal lowland of the Republic of Dagestan
Authors: Gulmagomedova Sh A , Ashurbekova T N , Ramazanova Z M , Gadzhimusaeva Z G , Imashova S N
Published: February 2022

The article considers the ecological state of agrocenoses and the main factors influencing the formation of plant productivity in agrocenoses in the Republic of Dagestan. The authors reveal the main causes of the current situation as the consequences of the agricultural production system that has been in place for a long time, global climate change towards warming and the development of trade and economic ties between countries, during which, along with the imported plant products, harmful, including quarantine objects from other countries, have been found out. All the reasons mentioned in combination with geological and other factors contributed to the maximum biotic load on agrocenoses, soil degradation, water and wind erosion and other negative consequences. In solving the environmental problem, in particular on tomato plantations in the Republic of Dagestan, the authors consider, along with the introduction of high-yielding new plant varieties into production and improving the quality of products, the use of a complex of environmentally safe methods, in particular, biological methods, low-risk and safe means, as well as bioregulators and immunostimulators for plant protection throughout the growing season.
Import overview as a new paradigm of food security in Russia
Authors: Kuchumov A V
Published: February 2022

The article examines one of the most important directions in the development of the modern food complex in Russia - the formation of a paradigm of import surplus as a fundamentally new direction of a cardinal solution to the problem of food security in the country. Based on the analysis of a large amount of statistical information, the authors give a detailed description of the process of overcoming the dependence of the domestic food market on imports in the post-sanction period. Timely and adequate anti-sanction measures of the Russian government allowed the agricultural sector of the economy to reach a fundamentally new level of development and in five years not only ensure the threshold level of food security for basic products in accordance with the new edition of the Food Doctrine, but also create export potential for grain, sugar and vegetable oil. The production volumes achieved by the domestic agro-industrial complex by 2019 showed that foreign economic sanctions had a rather positive than negative effect on domestic agriculture: over five years, the production of basic crop products increased by 6.8 - 65.6%, livestock products - by 5.0 - 14.7%. The article convincingly substantiates the urgent need to change the paradigm of import substitution to the import substitution paradigm, the distinctive features of which are its complex nature, the focus on solving national projects that, in principle, will change the strategic role of Russia in the international division of labor.
Solving the problem of ballasting an agricultural tractor when performing agricultural operations
Authors: Ivanov A B
Published: February 2022

The article provides a solution to the problem of optimal ballasting of agricultural wheeled tractors, obtained as a result of mathematical modeling of slipping on the ground based on experimental data obtained on a concrete track.
Comparative characteristics of water quality indicators when growing fish in mono-and polyculture
Authors: Gurkina O A , Poddubnaya I V , Vasiliev A A , Rubanova M E , Guseva Yu A
Published: February 2022

In aquaculture, the efficiency of fish cultivation depends on the quality of water, its hydrochemical and microbiological indicators. Research in this area is short and insufficient. It is necessary to conduct a comprehensive study of water quality in various fish farming zones of the Russian Federation, including all the factors of pollution and self-purification of ponds, to prevent the transition of intensively used ponds to the category of hypereutrophic, to create conditions that stimulate the process of self-purification of water. The authors of this article studied the role of organisms that live in fresh and salty water for self-purification of ponds and the impact of fish-breeding processes on the hydrochemical and microbiological regime of water in fish farming, determined the water quality in the growing ponds of the branch of FSUE Natsrybresurs «Teplovsky Fish Nursery» with mono and polyculture. The obtained results update the information about the influence of pond fish farming on the regime of water reservoirs, in the future they will allow to make changes and maintain the ratio and vital activity of hydrobionts in the biocenosis of fish ponds at best possible level.
Experimental results of the ring-cutting tillage roller
Authors: Babitsky L F , Moskalevich V Yu , Ismailov Ya N
Published: February 2022

The article presents the results of the conducted laboratory researches to determine the energy and quality indicators of the working bodies of the ring-cutting soil processing roller, which make it possible to ensure compliance with agricultural requirements, increase the degree of grinding of soil lumps and crop residues along the entire width of the rink with simultaneous local rolling.
Analysis of the influence of feeding on the change in the mineral composition of blood of the cattle of different physiological groups when intensifying production
Authors: Ulivanova G , Fedosova O , Karelina O , Kulakov V , Sayitkhanov E
Published: February 2022

The article presents the results of the analysis and substantiation of changes in the mineral composition of the blood serum of cows of different technological groups and physiological state. It was revealed that the level of zinc in the blood of all studied animals was lower than the normative indicator. Cows with relatively high productivity (8,000 kg of milk and above) also had a lack of potassium, and cows of the 3rd lactation and older had a lack of magnesium. In addition, an increased content of phosphorus and chlorides in the blood serum of almost all studied animals was revealed.
Influence of sowing time on the yield of fodder grasses
Authors: Mussina M , Sarsengaliyev R , Ayupov Y , Nurgaliyeva G , Amangeldikyzy Z
Published: February 2022

Cultivated alfalfa is a species native to the Middle East and the most abundant food species in the world. In much of the dry steppe zone of Western Kazakhstan, it is the most important legume fodder crop grown for hay, dehydrated feed, pellets and silage. Alfalfa is also particularly important for restoring soil fertility: without the cost of nitrogen, residues increase soil organic matter, the root system mobilizes nutrients deep in the soil profile and soil, improves structure, water permeability and water retention. In addition, alfalfa requires only a small amount of herbicides and pesticides and no N-fertilization. This is consistent with EU policy and public concern about the environmental impact of agricultural activities. Alfalfa hay fields have also been shown to be highly beneficial for enriching biodiversity. Its high protein content meets the demands of the feed market, especially after the problems caused by the use of concentrates of animal origin, currently banned in the EU. The process of growth and development of plants is directly related to the biological characteristics of their development. All available phenological observations of the growth and development of crops provide an assessment of the conditions that ensure their productivity. The peculiarities of the growth and development of plants, caused by the deficiencies of at least one of the conditions of their vital activity, lead to a delay, and sometimes to a cessation of their growth. In this regard, the intensity of growth, and with this the level of their fodder significance, can serve as indicators of their provision with the necessary living conditions.
Problems and prospects of organizing the effective use of the regional fodder base
Authors: Gusev A Yu , Koshkina I G
Published: February 2022

The development and implementation of digital technologies in the agricultural sector of the national economy, and especially in the field of feed production, will make it possible to obtain stable predicted productivity gains, considering the needs of the population. Large manufacturers of livestock products should revise the structure of the diet towards an increase in the proportion of high-quality feed (legumes, hay, green mass of perennial and annual grasses, silage, root and tuber crops), which will significantly change the diet, allow straying from the concentrate type and providing additional volumes of higher quality products, improve the health and extend the life of farm animals. It is advisable to form the structure of sown areas and agricultural land, adapted to the new conditions for feeding. A key aspect of the industry's sustainability is the creation of its own feed base near existing and in the future under construction livestock complexes, which will reduce the cost of purchasing expensive feed, delivering it to places of consumption.
Cultivation of leguminous crops of chickpeas and ways to increase the yield and quality of grain in the arid steppe of the Urals
Authors: Japarov R Sh , Nurgaliyeva G K , Gumarova Zh M , Sakhipova Sh B , Nurgaliyev A M
Published: February 2022

The article discusses the data of field experiments on the cultivation of chickpea with the use of mineral fertilizers and biological products. Chickpea, for the dry steppe of the Ural region of Kazakhstan, is a good drought-resistant crop to ensure stable grain yields with a high protein content. Experiments in 2012-2014 showed that the yield of the crop was in the range from 0.78 t / ha in the control variant to 1.16 t / ha, where the strain H-27 was applied according to the background of the applied fertilizers N20P20. From the use of only one strains of the genus Rhizobium, the increase in yield, on average for the options, amounted to 0.17 t / ha (21.7%), according to the background of mineral fertilizers from 0.22 to 0.38 t / ha. In 2015-2017 the yield from the use of mineral fertilizers and microbial preparations increased by 0.74-1.12 t / ha, or by 22-51%. The increase from nitrogen fertilization is 8-12%, from microbial preparations - 6-12%. With the combined use of nitrogen fertilizer and Rhizoagrin or Flavobacterin preparations, the yield increased by almost 50%, as well as with the combined use of microbial preparations. An increase in the protein content of grain is associated with the use of nitrogen fertilization and the use of biological products for inoculating seeds, since these factors improve the nitrogen nutrition of plants.
Criteria for assessing the ecological state of the territory in modern conditions
Authors: Oznobikhina L A , Rodionova S A
Published: February 2022

International environmental organizations play a huge role in environmental protection. Their creation was caused by catastrophic changes in nature, they were designed to protect it from humanity and, in fact, to save man himself from the results of his own activities. People are obliged to take care not only of animals or birds, we must protect everything that is around us if we want our planet to flourish, successfully developed wonderful gifts of nature. The article discusses the environmental situation degradation: atmospheric air pollution, in fractions of maximum permissible concentrations, water supply and water pollution, soil pollution with household waste and radioactive contamination.
Analysis of operating modes of three-phase distribution networks using their digital models of 0.4 kV
Authors: Vasiliev N V , Kartashev D A , Krishtopa N Yu
Published: February 2022

Today, the problem of the quality of electricity is of particular relevance, because it is one of the most important conditions for the economical and long-term operation of electrical equipment in industrial enterprises, as well as in housing and communal services. Analysis of existing methods, as well as other studies of the quality of electrical energy in 0.4 kV networks, shows the limitations of existing methods for assessing the quality of electricity and determining power losses in 0.4 kV networks. The total relative losses of electricity in the electric grids of Russia are several times higher than in the grids of other European, industrialized countries. Roughly the maximum relative technological losses of electricity in 0.4 kV networks should be no more than 8% in relation to the supply of electricity to the network. This article briefly outlines the methodology for constructing a digital model of a 0.4 kV network in asymmetric modes for the purpose of element-wise calculation of losses in all sections of the network and determining the quality of electricity at consumer connection points.
Digital automated technologies for consumer power supply systems
Authors: Zhalilov Rashid
Published: February 2022

This article studies the implementation of modern ICT technologies in energy systems in order to increase their reliability. It analyzes the latest technical developments in the field of intellectualization of power systems during their digital transformation, such as information technologies, technologies for digitalization of power systems, Smart grid, etc.
Agroecological aspects of technogenic degradation of soil cover of agricultural lands of Azov-Kuban lowland
Authors: Vlasenko V P , Osipov A V , Zhukov V D , Sheudzhen Z R , Kostenko V V
Published: February 2022

The paper presents the results of an assessment of agroecological conditions in the soils of the Azov-Kuban lowland due to the development of technogenic degradation. A decrease in the share of initial chernozems due to water erosion (washed soils) in the Novokubansky district and waterlogging (compacted and fused soils) in the Timashevsky district and the city of Krasnodar was revealed. A noticeable increase in density in hydrometamorphized analogues of chernoz.
Automated air dehumidification system for pigsty
Authors: Trifanov A V , Gerasimova O A , Ivanov S I , Tihonov E A , Bazyikin V I
Published: February 2022

The article presents an up-to-date technical solution of the air dehumidification system for pig breeding premises. The analysis of the existing ventilation systems used in pig breeding is presented. The influence of microclimate parameters on pigs is considered. The required values of microclimate parameters make it possible to obtain maximum productivity from pigs, reduce feed consumption, and also reduce potentially dangerous diseases to a minimum. In turn, the microclimate also affects the pigsty and the equipment installed in it. Compliance with the required values of microclimate parameters is a difficult task, since for small farms the purchase of an air conditioning system is unaffordable. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and design systems that would be economically profitable. The main parameters of the microclimate that affect the productivity and health of pigs are temperature and relative humidity. These parameters affect animals both separately and in a complex. It is known that at high humidity, both high and low temperatures have a negative effect on the body of pigs. If the relative humidity is 85% or more, and the indoor air temperature is below 10 0C, then the animals gain less weight, but the feed consumption increases. To create and maintain a microclimate in a pigsty, it is necessary to design inexpensive and productive installations operating in automatic mode. By draining the air in the pigsty, with the help of natural cold, it is possible to increase the productivity of animals, as well as reduce energy consumption. An installation has been developed to maintain optimal relative humidity.
The state and prospects of development of the regional energy complex in modern economic conditions
Authors: Ermakova A M
Published: February 2022

The article considers the current state of the energy complex of the Tyumen region and its impact on the development of the region. The author has identified the main problems hindering the development of the energy industry. He identified a number of measures that contribute to the development of the energy complex and improve the quality of services provided.
Sustainable rural development: implementing environmental component at local level
Authors: Minin V B , Kartseva A A , Melnikov S P , Melnikova I E , Belyakov V V
Published: February 2022

Currently, in connection with the onset of environmental and other planetary problems, more and more importance is attached to the transition to sustainable development. Sustainable development in rural areas should be focused on the restoration and preservation of natural ecosystems, including water bodies. The paper discusses a number of phenomena and objects reflecting the ecological state of pilot rural areas that were studied in the framework of the presented Russian-Finnish projects. The project activities helped to improve the ecological state of several agricultural enterprises and to familiarize the population with environmental requirements. Particular attention was paid to working with students of pilot schools for their environmental education. They not only studied nature, but participated in actions to work with garbage, conducted population surveys, prepared a number of projects, including the development of agri tourism and the ecological development of individual villages.
Prediction the Liquid Petroleum Products Viscosity
Authors: Boldyrev D V , Grigoriev B A , Evdokimov A A , Koldaev A I
Published: February 2022

Based on the principle of corresponding states, a method developed for prediction the viscosity of liquid petroleum products that differ significantly in physicochemical properties and fractional composition. New approaches to the determination of the reduced temperature and viscosity are proposed. The initial data for the computation are the molar mass, the average volume boiling point and the relative density at 20 °C. Testing of the new technique in the temperature range (0.4–0.7)Tpc at pressures up to 10 MPa showed that the deviation of the predicted viscosity values from the experimental data is comparable with the experimental error.
Organic agriculture in Uzbekistan: SWOT analysis
Authors: Kodirkhonov B M , Uljabaev J R , Kholdorov Sh M
Published: February 2022

Greening the economy is what most industrialized countries are striving for under the pressure of global and regional environmental restrictions, lack of natural resources, and a growing public movement for the protection of nature [1]. Greening processes have resulted in organic agriculture (OA) or "alternative" agriculture. In the era of the sustainable approach, organic farming seems the best prototype for sustainable agriculture. The market of organic products is significantly expanding year by year. Globally, 1.5 percent of farmland is organic, however there are countries where the share of organic farmland exceeds 10% (figure 1). According to FiBL and research firm Ecovia Intelligence, the global organic food market achieved 106.4 billion euros as of 2019 [2]. Uzbekistan, along with the whole world, recognizes the need for sustainable agriculture and development approach. Uzbekistan accepts organic agriculture as an environment-friendly sustainable production system with better access to the markets. Hence, this article aims to make a SWOT analysis of organic agriculture in Uzbekistan. The SWOT analysis concludes that the recent law for OA and GAP in the country is the principal strength and opportunity. While farmers' poor education is considered the most significant weakness, the country's lack of foreign direct investment in agriculture threatens more than anything else.
Oil-saturated deposits of the Vereyian horizon at the Tatarstan Republic
Authors: Korolev E A , Eskin A A , Khuzina A F , Korolev A E , Barieva E R
Published: February 2022

The article discusses the structure of multilayer oil deposits of the Vereyian horizon in the territory of the Tatarstan Republic. It is shown that in the sections the reservoir rocks are different facies of limestones (mostly grainstone), sandstones and siltstones. The reservoir rocks were formed in the regressive stage of the development of the marine sedimentation basin. Oil deposits of the Vereyian horizon have experienced flooding processes with formation edgewater. The penetration of groundwater into reservoir rocks led to uneven oxidation of oils in oil-producing structures. With weak waterflooding, dolomite and pyrite were formed in the reservoir rocks, with strong waterflooding, anhydrite aggregates appear.
Assessment of the state environment by the complex of bioindication reactions of woody plants
Authors: Klevtsova M A , Lepeshkina L A , Vinogradov P M , Mikheev A A , Voronin A A
Published: February 2022

This research looks at the results of bioindication studies on the territory Voronezh city. A decrease in the water content of Betula pendula mouth leaf blades was found in different growing conditions compared to the control. In the industrial and transport zone, there is a reduction in the size of leaves and a decrease in the specific leaf surface. The vital state of stands is a response to the degree of extremity of growing conditions. Healthy specimens predominate in the recreational area of the city, and severely damaged and dying ones - in the transport zone. Most of the dead-hardy trees are recorded in street plantings. Large deviations of bioindication parameters were revealed in comparison with the control in areas with increased anthropogenic load. The Betula pendula species used as the object of research is sensitive to stressful environmental conditions and can be used to assess the state of the environment during monitoring.
Problems and conditions for using renewable energy sources in the energy supply systems of the Far North
Authors: Gavrilova Zh L
Published: February 2022

The article discusses the problems of energy supply systems and the applications of renewable sources in the Far North. The specifics of energy supply in the northern regions (the lack of a centralized power supply system, the presence of a large number of isolated autonomous power supply systems) is studied. The special conditions of the Far North regions, which are taken into account in the implementation of projects, are analyzed and the main ones are discussed. Disadvantages of RES-based plants are identified. Programs aimed to increase the efficiency of electricity consumption are proposed. Measures such as the use of frequency-controlled drives and energy efficient engines, the replacement of industrial equipment with more energy efficient models, the use of modern thermal insulation materials in the construction of buildings, should be taken. Examples of buildings in Far North settlements and wind turbines and SESs are provided.
Assessment of the efficiency of the food system in the context of measures aimed at the development of the regional agroindustrial complex
Authors: Ternavshchenko K O , Frantsisko O Yu , Molchan A S , Asanova N A
Published: February 2022

The formation and functioning of the food system of the region depends on the effectiveness of the development of its agro-industrial complex. The article reveals a methodology for assessing the effectiveness of the functioning of the food system of the region on the basis of international practice of assessing food security, taking into account the peculiarities of regional differentiation, including the assessment of indicators in three areas: physical accessibility, quality and safety, natural resources and sustainability.
Geoecological problems of the Terek-Kuma artesian basin
Authors: Gadzhimusaeva Z G , Ashurbekova T N , Musinova E M , Klycheva S M , Isaeva N G
Published: February 2022

The state of the quality of drinking water and soil of the settlement has a direct impact on the health of the population and this problem is undoubtedly relevant for most territories of the Republic of Dagestan. In this regard, this article discusses the results of studies of drinking water from artesian wells and soil in the village of Bogatyrevka, located 18 km northwest of the city of Makhachkala in the Republic of Dagestan and 8 km west of the Caspian Sea coast, with a population of about 3200 people. The object of research were soils and artesian waters, which are used by the population of the village as a source of drinking water, since there is currently no centralized drinking water supply.
Restoration and use of fallow lands disposed of from agricultural use
Authors: Nurgaliyev A , Gumarova Zh , Japarov R , Nurgaliyeva G , Mussina M
Published: February 2022

The article presents the results of research on the development of fallow lands in the dry steppe zone of the West Kazakhstan region. The main goal of the work is to develop methods for the effective use of waste land and the flow of organic matter into the soil. The issues of the development of an optimal mechanism for the restoration of abandoned lands and the creation of a forage base for animal husbandry are considered. Experimental studies were carried out to determine the agrophysical and agrochemical parameters of soils in the initial state and annually, at the end of the growing season. The data on the yield of perennial forage grasses and their two- and three-component mixtures are presented. As a result of the research, the main parameters of the fertility of dark chestnut soils in the dry steppe zone of the Urals were determined, the agrophysical state of the soils was assessed, data on changes in the aggregate composition and the accumulation of root mass under various grasses and their mixtures were obtained. Analysis of the data obtained from three-year studies showed that in rainfed conditions of the region, it is possible to get good shoots of leguminous and cereal grasses. Starting from the second year of the life of the grasses, it was possible to carry out two cuttings, and a significant increase in yield can be noted for all variants of the experiment. Sowing of perennial grasses, especially of their mixtures, improves the aggregation of the soil, which is also especially noticeable in the 2nd and 3rd years. The total number of agronomically valuable aggregates 1-3 mm in size in the 0-40 cm layer increased by an average of 52%, and water-resistant aggregates - by 17% compared to the control option. Perennial grasses and their mixtures leave behind a significant amount of root mass. The humus content for three years of cultivation of leguminous-cereal perennial grasses increases from 0.08 in the grasses to 0.21% in alfalfa.
Increasing productivity by dielectric selection of rice seeds
Authors: Shoyimova S
Published: February 2022

The article presents the results of research on the process of sorting agricultural seeds in the electric field on such important properties as physical and mechanical and electrical properties, mass, geometric dimensions, dielectric constant.
Cost assessment of biomass coal fuel on air pollution and coal consumption reduction
Authors: Marganingrum D , Khalifah M N , Nursetyowati P
Published: February 2022

The use of coal as an energy source in the industrial sector has been quite massive, but the negative impact has not been a serious concern. We realized that the use of coal had caused pollution, including air pollution from coal-burning processing and water and soil pollution from the coal solid waste (fly ash and bottom ash), which not be appropriately managed. This study aims to assess the beneficiary of utilizing the unburnt carbon as co-firing in boiler industrial compared with air emission impact—the unburnt carbon mixed with municipal solid waste treated firstly to be briquette. The briquette was called Biomass Coal Fuel (BCF), and it was used as coal substitution of 10-15%. The cost of air pollution calculation referred to the Ministry Environmental Regulation Number 13 of 2011. We have compared the cost of air pollution between before and after BCF substitution. Meanwhile, the beneficiaries were calculated from the reduction of coal consumption. The result showed that emissions cost just approximately 4-5% of the beneficiaries due to reductions in coal consumption that about 145.656 – 218.484 million rupiahs per year. The factory can use this beneficiary to improve air emission controlling and support environmental conservation.