bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RECENTES AVANÇOS NA FUNCIONALIZAÇÃO SELETIVA DE QUINOLINAS
Authors: Ferreira Dartagnan , Murie Valter , Santos Thiago , Vieira Paulo , Clososki Giuliano
Published: January 2021

RECENT ADVANCES IN SELECTIVE FUNCTIONALIZATION OF QUINOLINES. Heterocyclic compounds form an important and extensive group of organic substances. Among nitrogenous heterocyclic molecules, quinolines stand out for exhibiting attractive chemical and biological properties. These substances can be used as ligands, sensors, luminescent and agrochemical materials. In addition, quinoline-containing compounds can exhibit a wide spectrum of pharmacological properties, allowing their use in several approved drugs nowadays. Due to its importance, the synthesis of molecules containing this nucleus becomes a point of interest for synthetic chemists. In this way, several methodologies have been recently developed to prepare quinoline derivatives with high structural diversity. Such chemical transformations allow the chemical modification of these rings with high selectivity and tolerance to diverse functional groups and these properties have been conveniently used in the preparation of biologically active molecules containing this unit. Herein, we present a review of the main methodologies employed in the selective functionalization of quinolines in the last twenty years. In this context, a brief introduction addressing general synthetic and medicinal aspects related to the functionalization positions of the quinoline ring is presented. Several methodologies used in the functionalization of this moiety are discussed, as well relevant synthetic applications, both in the preparation and functionalization of substances of biological interest.
Semantic Study of Halu' in The Qur'an
Authors: Naifah N
Published: January 2021

The study aimed to find out the meaning of halu' in the Qur'an, the relationship between halu and Adversity Quotient (AQ), and the Qur’anic management methods to address halu' as well as to enhance the Adversity Quotient (AQ). This study was a descriptive qualitative research with semantic approach. The data were collected through documentation method and analized by means of Syntagmatic Paradigmatic approach. The study found that halu' was a negative human potential to easily complain but hard to share with others because it was triggered by greed. It had potential to cause people to quickly give up, despair, and be selfish, thus causing self-difficulties to face challenges of life. It hampered an individual to be a strong personality and to achieve personal success. Therefore, human needed for specific methods to suppress and manage the negatif potential to avoid its negative effects. Halu' and AQ (Adversity Quotient) had a very close relationship. Halu' could be overcome by improving the level of Adversity Quotient (AQ). Thus, a high Adversity Quotient (AQ) was the solution for the problem of human’s halu'. The Qur’anic management methods in addressing halu' used to improve Adversity Quotient (AQ) were performing prayers, establishing prayers continuously, spending the property for infaq, believing in the day of judgment, feeling fear of the God’s punishment, having sexual intercourse only with a legitimate partner, fulfilling the mandate and promises, enforcing bear testimony, and keeping the prayers quality.
Otonom Sualtı Araçlarında Genel Tasarım İlkeleri
Authors: YILMAZ Serhat , KILCI Sadettin Burak
Published: January 2021

Avrupa Birliği’nde yasallaşmakta olan ve zorunlu hale getirilen sualtı yaşamı ve kirliliğinin düzenli olarak kontrol edilmesine yönelik çalışmalarda sualtı araçları kullanılmaktadır. Dünyanın farklı yerlerinde yaşanılan kimyasal sızıntıların okyanuslarda neden olduğu çevre felaketler, özellikle bölgemizde denizlerde artan petrol ve doğalgaz arama çalışmaları sondaj platformlarında kullanılan sualtı araçlarının önemini arttırmıştır. Sualtı araçları açık deniz balıkçılığı ve batık gemi incelemelerinde önemli bir role sahiptirler. Bu çalışmada sualtı araçlarında genel olarak kullanılan çevre birimler, algılayıcılar, işleticiler ve bunların aracın denetimi ve seyir planlaması üzerindeki etkileri, insansız sualtı araçlarında otonom hareketin aşamaları verilmiştir. Bu kapsamda, tasarım sırasında ölçüt olarak karşımıza çıkan genel hedef, görev ve amaçlar açıklanmıştır. Ardından bunları sağlamak için gerekli mekanik, elektronik ve yazılım geliştirmeye yönelik tasarımlarda dikkat edilmesi gereken temel kavramlara değinilmiştir. Örnek olarak, Kocaeli Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Elektronik ve Haberleşme Bölümünde geliştirilen sualtı aracı (SA) Lucky Fin’in dinamiğine ait bazı parametrelerin nasıl belirleneceği ele alınmıştır. İnsansız sualtı araçları; robot kinematiği, hidrodinamik, modelleme, kontrol, görüntü işleme, elektronik kart tasarımı, sensör teknolojileri, gömülü sistemler, sürücü sistemleri, güç yönetimi, aydınlatma, sualtı haberleşmesi, imge işleme algoritmaları, seyir planlama gibi birçok konuyu bir arada kullanmayı ve disiplinler arası eşgüdümü gerektiren bir çalışma alanıdır. Makale, araç tasarımında karşılaşılan kavramlar ve tasarım ilkelerini genel hatlarıyla okuyucuya vermeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Bitkisel Yağlardan Polimerize Olabilen Monomerin Sentezi ve Fotopolimerleşmesi
Authors: ESEN Hüseyin
Published: January 2021

Bu çalışmada ilk olarak epoksitlenmiş soya yağı, çift bağ içeren bir alkol ile modifiye edilmiştir. Çıkan ürün daha sonra çapraz bağlı hale getirilmiştir. Çapraz bağlı malzeme elde edebilmek için uygun polimerizasyon yöntemlerinden fotopolimerizasyon şeçilmiştir. Sentezlenen monomer, epoksi reçine olarak anılmıştır. Reçine kürleşme reaksiyonları ile kaplama ya da film olarak kullanılabilecek malzeme elde edilmiştir. İlk basamakta epoksitlenmiş soya yağında bulunan epoksi halkasının açılması sağlanmıştır ve alil alkol açılan zincire bağlanmıştır. Bu ara ürün doymamış karbon-karbon çift bağı ve hidroksil grubu gibi fonksiyonel gruplar içermektedir. Epoksi halka açılma reaksiyonu FT-IR analizi ve iyot sayısı tayini ile takip edilmiştir. Alillenmiş epoksitlenmiş soya yağı GPC, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR ve epoksi oksijen tayini ile karakterize edilmiştir. Reaksiyonda yaklaşık %50 verime ulaşılmıştır. Alil alkol üzerinde bulunan doymamış karbon-karbon çifte bağlarının reaktif olması nedeniyle, fotopolimerizasyon reaksiyonu için uygundur. İkinci basamakta alilenmiş epoksitlenmiş yağı ile 4 fonksiyonel tiyol grubu içeren tetratiyol ve uygun fotobaşlatıcı karışımları hazırlanmıştır. Doymamış karbon-karbon çift bağlarının fonksiyonel –SH gruplarına mol cinsinden oranı 1:1 olarak alınarak fotobaşlatıcı oranı değiştirilerek örnekler hazırlanmıştır. Poli-en ve politiyol karışımlarının fotopolimerizasyonu ile hazırlanan malzeme örneklerinin kimyasal, mekanik ve termal özellikleri karşılaştırılmıştır.
Mısır İpeği’nin (Zea Mays L.) Antioksidan ve Antiradikal Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: POLAT KÖSE Leyla
Published: January 2021

Bu çalışmada, mısır ipeği’nin (Zea mays L.) antioksidan ve antiradikal özellikleri araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla mısır ipeği’nin su (SEZM) ve etanol (EEZM) ekstrelerinin farklı in vitro antioksidan analizlerle antioksidan ve antiradikal aktivitesi açıklanmıştır. Mısır ipek özütlerinin radikal giderme aktiviteleri, 1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH.) ve 2,2'-azino-bis (3-etilbenzotiyazolin-6-sülfonik asit) radikal (ABTS•+) giderme deneyleriyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Böylece, mısır ipeği özütlerinin indirgeyici gücü, Cu2+-Cu+ indirgeme (CUPRAC), Fe3+-Fe2+ ve [Fe3+-((TPTZ)2]3+-[Fe2+-(TPTZ)2]2+ (FRAP) indirgeme testleri ile değerlendirilmiştir. Her iki mısır ipek özütleri, belirli miktarda antioksidan aktivite göstermiştir. α-Tokoferol ((2R)-2,5,7,8-Tetrametil-2-[(4R,8R)-(4,8,12-trimetiltridesil)]-6-kromanol), troloks (3,4-dihidro-6-hidroksi-2,5,7,8-tetrametil-2H-1-benzopiran-2-karboksilik asit), bütillenmiş hidroksianisol (BHA) ve bütillenmiş hidroksitoluen (BHT) pozitif kontrol olarak kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca mısır ipeği özütlerinin DPPH• ve ABTS•+ radikallerini giderme etkileri için IC50 değerleri hesaplanmıştır.
Toprak Makinaları İmalatında Kullanılan 60SiMn5 Çeliğine Uygulanan Sertleştirme ve Menevişleme Isıl İşlem Parametrelerinin Mekanik Özelliklere Etkisinin İncelenmesi
Authors: DURMUŞ Hülya , ÇAKIR Fatma Gizem , GÜL Canser
Published: January 2021

Toprak işleme makinaları sürüm işlemi yaparken, işleyici parçalar ile toprakta bulunan kuvars veya korundun gibi partiküller sürtünmektedir ve bu durum toprakta sürüm yapan işleyici tarım ekipmanlarında aşınmalara neden olmaktadır. Ülkemizde, bu ekipmanların mekanik özelliklerinin iyileştirilmesi ve aşınmaya karşı dirençlerini artırabilmek amacıyla uygulanan sertleştirme ısıl işlemleri gelişen teknikler ile birlikte değişmektedir. Yapılan çalışmada süneklik ve tokluk değerlerinin yüksek olduğu bilinen ve tarım aletlerinin belli bölümlerinde sıklıkla kullanılan 60SiMn5 alaşımına sertleştirme işleminden sonra farklı sıcaklıklarda (250 °C ve 270 °C) uygulanan menevişleme işlemlerinin mikroyapı ve mekanik özelliklerine etkileri incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla, 970 °C’ de östenitleştirme ve ardından yağda soğutma işlemi uygulandıktan sonra farklı sıcaklıklarda menevişleme işlemi uygulanmıştır. Uygulanan menevişleme işlemlerinin mikroyapıya etkisi optik mikroskop ve SEM-EDX analizleri ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Numunelerin sertlik, darbe ve kuru kum kauçuk aşınma testleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda 270 °C’ de yapılan menevişleme işlemi ile numunede alt beynit yapısının daha homojen dağılmasının sağlaması sebebi ile malzemenin tokluk değerinde artış görülmüştür. Ayrıca uygulanan menevişleme işlemlerinin akma, çekme ve aşınma dayanımlarını arttırdığı ve mekanik özellikleri olumlu yönde etkilediği gözlemlenmiştir.
Süt Kalitesi Üzerine İşletme Yapı ve Yönetimlerinin Etkileri
Authors: SARIALİOĞLU Muhammet , LAÇİN Ekrem
Published: January 2021

Bu araştırma Erzurum’da faaliyet gösteren süt sığırcılığı işletmelerindeki ineklerden alınan süt örneklerinden belirlenen somatik hücre sayısı (SHS), elektriksel geçirgenlik, protein ve yağ değerleri ile bu işletmelerin bazı yapısal özellikleri; barınak, tipi, altlık tipi, sağım sistemi ve işletme büyüklüğü arasındaki ilişkilerin karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada Erzurum’da faaliyet gösteren 8 adet ailesel tip ve 8 adet modern süt sığırcılığı işletmelerinden alınan çiğ süt örnekleri kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada her bir işletmeden birer hafta ara ile 2’şer olmak üzere toplam 32 adet süt örneği alınmıştır. Ayrıca işletme sahiplerine anket formu doldurulmuştur. Ailesel tip işletmelerden alınan süt örneklerinde ortalama SHS 4.23±0.19 log10, modern işletmelerden alınanlarda ise 3.79±0.16 log10 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Sütteki yağ, yağsız kuru madde, protein ve yarı iletkenlik oranları ailesel tipi ve modern işletmelerde sırası ile %5.11-4.05, %9.64-9.52, %3.49-3.45, 4.78-4.76 mS cm-1 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Somatik Hücre Sayısında her iki işletme tipine göre istatiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık tespit edilmiştir (p<0.05). İşletmelerin bazı yapısal özelliklerine göre SHS ortalamaları karşılaştırıldığında gruplar arasında istatiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Sonuç olarak modern işletmelerden elde edilen süt kalitesinin ailesel tip işletmelere göre daha iyi olduğu söylenebilir.
Socio-cultural transnational practices in Saturday Russian schools in Scotland
Authors:   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Nogrorod, Ivashinenko Nina N. ,   University of Glasgow
Published: January 2021

How can socio-cultural transnational activities be related to the study of one’s heritage language? Why do Saturday schools promote socio-cultural transnational practices inside and outside of the learning process? Why would migrant families like to support socio-cultural transnational activities organised by the schools? This article offers answers to the questions posed above based on an investigation of four Russian schools in Scotland. Heritage language preservation is a negotiable process which flexibly responds to the interests of the parents, teachers and pupils who participate in the activities of the Russian schools and contribute to shaping their aims. These interests can be considered as the main driving forces for a wide range of aspects of the Russian schools’ everyday life, such as educational programmes, styles of teaching, the social relationship between members of the Russian school community and additional cultural events organised by these schools. In Scotland, Russian-speaking communities bring together individuals with a range of characteristics (including different paths to migration, skills and educational levels, national identities, and countries of origin). The present study has shown the importance of this diverse composition of Russian-speaking communities to the everyday operations of the Russian schools. This contributes to the discussion of socio-cultural transnational elements activities in everyday life of the Saturday schools and their role in the development of the migrant community. Expanding on the existing literature in this area, the research investigates socio-cultural transnational practices which unite the Russian-speaking community in Scotland itself, and create a bridge between this community and the Russian-speaking world.
University autonomy: a prerequisite for the development of Russian higher education in the context of digitalization
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Vasilyev Ilia A. , Diveeva Nelli I. ,   St. Petersburg State University, Dmitrikova Ekaterina A. ,   St. Petersburg State University, Kashaeva Anastasia A. , Sheveleva Natalya A. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: January 2021

Autonomy as a fundamental guarantee for the implementation of educational activities accompanied the formation of the first universities, subsequently acquiring regional specificity. The education system in Russia objectively operates by a different structure for the interrelation of the subjects and mechanisms in order for educational organizations to implement their activities compared to the era of the first universities. In the article, the authors identify and propose to consider the key nodes of the legal status of universities: organizational and legal form as a legal shell, proprietary rights in property, methods of financing, tax preferences, and forms of control over activities. The study of these features is important for answering the questions of whether they lead to the emergence of a new model of legal regulation of universities and whether there is a correlation with university autonomy. Both answers, as shown in the article, are negative. The decision should not come only “from above”, although the state recognition of the independence of universities should be expressed in the expansion of their powers in property and financial spheres. Educational organizations themselves must realize the value of autonomy, starting with the formulation of their mission, which is presented formally and not meaningfully in the charters of Russian universities. The mission of the article’s authors is seen in the ability to make independent decisions and be responsible for such decisions. The participation of a public entity in the functioning of universities today seems to be excessive: goal setting, state task, and state control should not suppress the autonomy of educational organizations. The use of various public resources may become a Solomon solution: supervisory and board of trustees, student government, internal financial audit, and others. Finally, the latest and far from the last challenges to the education system (digitalization, pandemic) are shifting the area of responsibility to the universities themselves, which will have to make operational decisions based on their vision of the current situation. For this to occur, educational organizations need to understand the degree of their autonomy.
Seizure of objects, substances and materials before the initiation of criminal proceedings: Procedural grounds, legal consequences, problems and ways to solve them
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Alexandrov Alexey I. , Elagina Elena V. ,   St. Petersburg Law Institute (branch) of the University of the Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation, Kharatishvili Anton G. ,   St. Petersburg Academy of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation
Published: January 2021

Problems at the stage of the initiation of criminal proceedings, both in the criminal process and in criminalistics, have always been perceived as acutely relevant. After all, it is at this stage of criminal proceedings that the formation of the evidence base begins where as a rule, the collection, documentation and subsequent research of material objects (objects, substances and materials) both seized in the course of investigative actions, and received in the course of other actions, can be conditionally called non — procedural. Practice shows that law enforcement officers refer to the Federal law “On Police”, The Code of Administrative Offences of the Russian Federation, and the norms of the Federal Law “On Operational and Investigative Activities” to justify the legality and legitimacy of their actions, which, according to the authors, is very controversial, since these normative sources do not contain the appropriate grounds. This article deals with issues related to the seizure of material objects — items, substances and materials that are important for the investigation of crimes, in cases when a criminal case has not yet been initiated, which limits the possibility of using the procedural mechanisms provided for by criminal procedure legislation implemented at the stage of preliminary investigation. The authors are not restricted to criminal procedural institutions and consider the problem of seizures in the context of administrative law and legislation governing investigative activities.
Single point of entry doctrine in the United States as a form of corporate liability: Рossibilities of legal adoption in the Russian Federation
Authors:   Kutafin Moscow State Law University, Kobenia Roman R.
Published: January 2021

The article analyzes various aspects of the single point of entry bank resolution strategy in the United States and seeks to determine the viability of legally adopting this approach in the Russian Federation. The single point of entry strategy provides an alternative to “bailing out” large bank groups and bankruptcy proceedings via controlled liquidation of the parent company with simultaneous financial rehabilitation of the subsidiary bank. Orderly Liquidation Authority detailed by Title II of the Dodd-Frank Act provides a legislative framework for the single point of entry strategy, but due to the doctrine only existing as a guideline and not directly regulated by legislation, there are several gaps in legislation that cause various problems in both the practical implementation of the single point of entry doctrine and its scientific evaluation. The insufficiently studied topic of single point of entry doctrine as a form of corporate liability is also examined in the article. Russian legislation and court practices regarding bank rehabilitation and the doctrine of “piercing the corporate veil” are examined to determine the possibility of legally adopting the single point of entry doctrine due to similarities between doctrines. The flaws and merits of the single point of entry doctrine are studied while accounting for potential ways to overcome the legal gaps in the strategy. The article reaches the conclusion that while the single point of entry doctrine is far from perfect, the basic principles can be applied to Russian legislation and serve as a viable alternative to the prevalent “bailout” practice.
On some tendencies in the grammar of news text on electronic news portals: The dissolution of the subject
Authors:   Vilnius University, Lassan Eleonora R.
Published: January 2021

The article deals with some general grammatical peculiarities of news texts on the Yandex por tal. According to the author, they reflect the present-day tendencies in the identified sphere. Following Van Dijk, the author examines text as a macrostructure with certain sequences of sentences. The present-day news text has a heterogeneous structure formed through the combination of the voices of the author and those who convey “the words of others” and act as immediate participants of the defined situation. The change in punctuation used to convey the speech of others in Russian texts highlighted by the author may have happened under the influence of English punctuation. This change creates a new pattern for the conveyance of the speech of others, according to which the boundaries between “one’s own” and “somebody else’s” words blur, with the role of the author becoming weaker. The voice of others represented in different ways, i. e., through the use of direct and indirect speech with various modification and the author’s interpretation of the Other’s words, becomes dominant in the news text. Due to the repetition of the same thought through the use of different means the news text quits being informatively impeccable. On the basis of the analysis of the syntactic structure of the news texts headlines, the author points out the frequency of indefinite-personal sentences.
Functional verb specificity in the report
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Kon’kov Vladimir I. , Chzhan Huejcin’ ,   Beijing International Studies University
Published: January 2021

The work analyzes the functionality of the Russian verb in the genre of information reporting. The use of the verb in the form of this actual (real reportage) is considered one of the main features of the genre of reporting. However, the analysis shows that along with the forms of the present topical in the report are actively used forms of verbs of the past time of imperfect kind. The authors pay attention to the functional identity of these verb forms. The present reportage (real topical) can only be formed from the verbs of an imperfect kind. It is the imperfect ap pearance of the verb that gives the reader a sense of inclusion in the event, which is mentioned in the report. It does not matter whether the verbs of an imperfect kind are in the form of the present or the past. The functionality of the verb in the text of the report is described in close connection with the nature of the media text, in particular with the category of social space time. The concept of the communicative status of the media library is introduced — the degree of relevance of the media text for society, due to the nature of its connection with the coor dinates of social space-time. There are three communicative statuses. The actual mediatext is such at the time of publication, when it is part of the general practical activity of the society. The mediatext is being created for here and for now. Texts of the past time lose direct connec tion with the present topical society, but do not lose their importance. They store important information, experience acquired by society. Mediatexts that have lost touch with society be come artifacts of a bygone era, acquiring the status of a cognitive text. The ability to describe a mediate based on the chronotop category is analyzed. The use of the category of chronotop in the understanding of M. M. Bakhtin can be considered correct only in relation to the study of the essay and reportage of a large volume with a developed visual and analytical beginning.
Linguistic markers of emotional state of the speech subject (on the problem of automatic monitoring of network communication texts)
Authors:   Perm State University, Mishlanov Valerii A. , Kadzhaya Liudmila A. ,   Perm State University,   Shandong University, Kuznetsova Yulia M. ,   Federal Research Center “Computer Science and Control” of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: January 2021

This paper discusses linguistic and psychological aspects of the problem of automatic modusdictum analysis of texts published in social networks and other electronic media. Thereupon, theoretical questions are raised anew on the linguistic nature of modus, on the means to express “ego-meanings” in speech, on the differentiation of proper modus (autoreferential signs) and modal-evaluating predicates in dictum position, on the implicit methods of communicating modus information, and the resources to read this information based on discursive speech practices (conventional meanings). The applied goal of the paper is to provide “humanitarian” (psychological and linguistic) support for development of machine “mining” programs, i. e. automatic monitoring of network content and text identification with a certain subjective modality. To achieve this goal, we describe, in particular, such lexical-grammatical features of the texts that can be significant for determining psychological state of an individual or a professional group to identify certain public opinions. Conceptually, this research is connected with the idea of speech system which is manifested both at the level of styles and genres and within independent communicative units, as well as with one of the most important trends in the field of artificial intelligence — the method of relational-situational analysis of texts in natural language. Thematic groups of words (TGW) were compiled including “evaluation collocations” typical of those texts. The templates created on the basis of psychological and linguistic description model suggested in this paper can be used hereafter to develop algorithms for automatic monitoring of the network texts of a given theme (professional stability or mobility, professional crisis, etc.) and evaluation.
Semantic representation and perception of network aggression: Urban digital communication
Authors:   Institute of linguistics RAS, Pilgun Maria A.
Published: January 2021

The article presents the results of a study of digital content reflecting conflicting urban communications related to road construction in Moscow. The empirical base of the study was data from social networks, microblogs, blogs, messengers, forums, reviews, and videos dedicated to the construction of transport interchange hubs (TPU). Date of material collection: 1.08.19 00:00 — 30.09.19 23:59. We used a multimodal approach to analyze the content of social media using neural network technologies, text analysis, content analysis, sentimental analysis, and psycholinguistic techniques. As a result of the research, the analysis of residents’ perception of the implementation of these construction projects was carried out, as well as social stress in the construction areas was identified, and the risks of conflicts with the population of Moscow were assessed when planning and conducting construction works. The analysis showed that five objects (TPU Varshavskaya, TPU Dmitrovskaya, TPU Nekrasovka, TPU Pyatnitskoe shosse, TPU Ryazan) do not have risks during implementation, the content differs in the absence of aggression and social tension. TPU Nagatinskaya is characterized by an average degree of social stress. A high degree of social tension is caused by the projects of TPU Michurinsky Prospekt and TPU Khovrino. Thus, the analysis allowed us to predict the absence of conflicts with the population in the implementation of the projects of TPU Varshavskaya, TPU Dmitrovskaya, TPU Nekrasovka, TPU Pyatnitskoe highway, TPU Ryazan. The construction of TPU Nagatinskaya and TPU Khovrino causes social tension, but conflict is expected only in the virtual environment. The content of the TPU Michurinsky Prospekt should be defined as a conflict-prone digital zone with a high degree of social stress, and the escalation of conflict between residents and city authorities, builders, both in the online and offline space should be predicted.
Media discourse on women in politics: The first Muslim woman of colour in US Congress
Authors:   Konstantin Preslavsky University of Shumen, Cheshmedzhieva-Stoycheva Desislava S.
Published: January 2021

This analysis is a part of a bigger study on the presentation of Muslim women in the media. The focus here is on Ilhan Omar, the first Muslim Somali-born woman in American Congress, and more specifically on the latest publications on Omar which delve into her personal family life and the alleged marriage she has entered into with her brother, so that she can provide him with a green card for the USA. The topic presents a cross-section of several major fields of study such as feminism, media studies, and culture studies as the emphasis is on the biased media representation intended to diminish the real worth of a woman politician who is a carrier of several different identities, namely: gender, religious, ethnic, and class. The corpus for this study consists of 42 articles published in various online media over a period of four months from January 2020 to April 2020. The paper argues that first, the presentation Ilhan Omar enjoys is gendered and second, that it is subjected to the stereotypical image of Muslim women as submissive and silent, being of a lower status than men, especially in a male-dominated field such as politics. In addition, it is also argued that although Omar breaks the existing stereotypes of Muslim women, the way media present her actually reinforces the preconceived ideas she refutes. To prove the above, the main methods of analysis applied are Critical Discourse Analysis along with Multi-modal analysis when the non-verbal part of the presentation on the image is concerned.
Pragmatic functions of interrogatives in media texts
Authors:   Konstantin Preslavsky University of Shumen, Ivanova Irina N.
Published: January 2021

A number of approaches to media texts tend to apply an interactive model to communication, and the texts are seen are intrinsically dialogic, relying on the receivers’ subjective interpretation of meaning and activation of intertextual relations. In addition, media texts are increasingly used as material for linguistic analysis with the aim to reveal how their linguistic potential is utilized by journalists to convey messages and ideas, and influence the audience. The paper discusses the pragmatic functions of interrogatives and the way they are realized in media text, more specifically in newspaper articles’ headlines, leads and bodies excerpted from British and American online media over a period of two months. The analysis is mapped against previous research of interrogatives in the field of pragmatics and medialinguistics. The main findings show that interrogatives in headlines realize a range of pragmatic roles when used on their own or as part of paratactic or hypotactic complexes. These roles are closely dependent on their syntactic and semantic features and can range from attracting and focusing readers’ attention, to urging readers to think about issues, look for certain types of answers in the text, or think of their own answers or reactions. Headlines can be expanded or clarified in the sub-headings, lead and main body of the article. In the main body, interrogatives help to structure and authenticate writer’s dialogue with the audience, making the narrative or argumentation more emphatic, and soliciting active commitment to issues, feedback and empathy from the audience. Furthermore, some topics of high public interest and importance might lead to an increase in the number of questions in media texts. Further research of larger and more varied thematically material might throw light on the way different topics affect the frequency and distribution of pragmatic roles of interrogatives in media texts.
Epistemological critique of “Islamic reason” in the neomodernist project of Mohammed Arkoun
Authors:   Moscow Islamic Institute, Mukhetdinov Damir V. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: January 2021

The article deals with analyzing the historical epistemology of “Islamic reason” as it is developed in the works of the French philosopher Mohammed Arkoun. The key concepts comprising the supporting framework of Arkoun’s theory are clarified. Special attention is given to the problem of historical interrelation of religion and violence, the role of “dogmatic enclosure” in legitimizing the religious violence and the “secular theology” as a possible antidote that could preserve the religion from being instrumentalized by different political actors. In Arkoun’s view, one can reach the unthought of Islamic religious tradition by consciously resorting to modern historical-anthropological, linguistic and sociological knowledge. This appeal makes it possible to reveal a special “regime of truth” and the attitude that have accompanied Islamic reason throughout history, and, therefore, to reach new horizons of thought. This whole process may be called criticism of the Islamic mind. According to Arkoun, the “deconstruction” of traditional structures performed in the course of this criticism is not identical with the destruction of the Islamic mind par excellence, but coincides with the emancipation of its content within the framework of the emergent reason, that is, with the demonstration of its inclusive and truly all-human — humanistic — potential. In the conclusion of the article, both the theoretical scientific and practical existential significance of reaching the unthought of Islamic tradition is noted.
South-Eastern Russian Church Council in 1919 in light of the legacy of the All-Russian Local Council of 1917–1918
Authors:   Don State Technical University, Biryukova Yulia A.
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to identifying the place of the South-Eastern Russian Church Council of 1919 in the social and church life during the period of the Russian Civil War. The author notes a significant increase in public and scientific interest in its legacy in recent years, explained, in particular, by the awareness of the Southern Russian Council with the Sacred Local Council of 1917–1918, which can be traced in the article. The processes that took place during this period in Russian Orthodoxy must be considered as a council-centric process, of which the South-Eastern Council was also a part. The Council sought to preserve both the conciliar character of solving Church problems, which had just been restored at the Local Council, and the approach to finding ways to develop Church life, which released the accumulated huge creative potential of the Church people. The continuity of the issues raised, as well as the procedural and structural relationships between the two Councils is traced in the article. The Southern Russian Council sought to continue the work of the Local Council on administrative and territorial changes in the dioceses (in this case, the South of Russia under its control), and tried to implement the parish charter. The South-Eastern Council is also interesting because it was the first experience of determining the position of the Church in the socio-political space of the White South, against the background of a complex political struggle, even in the camp of the White movement itself. While maintaining the priority of moral values, the South-Eastern Council sought to distance itself from the political struggle. However, in its proclamations, the Council certainly condemned the civil conflict and revolution, which it saw as a reflection of the moral decay of society.
Test-Retest Reliability of Binaural Interaction Component (BIC) Using Speech and Non-Speech Evoked ABR
Authors: Kumar Kaushlendra , Divyashree M S , Roushan Ritik , Thomas Manita
Published: January 2021

Background and Objective:

Binaural hearing serves as an advantage in daily communication by facilitating better localization of sounds and perception of speech in the presence of noise. BIC of ABR has been used to understand the binaural representation of different stimuli, such as transient clicks, and complex signals, such as speech. The present study aimed to investigate the test-retest reliability of the binaural interaction component for click and speech evoked ABR.

Methods:

30 individuals with normal hearing served as participants for the present study. ABR for click and speech stimuli (/da/) were recorded from these participants in monaural and binaural conditions. BIC was calculated using the formula: BIC = (L + R)- BI where, L + R is the sum of the left and right evoked potentials obtained with monaural stimulation, and BI is the response acquired from binaural stimulation. To investigate reliability, all the participants underwent three recording sessions. Session 1 and session 2 (intra-session) were carried out on the same day, separately. Whereas, session 3 (inter-session) was carried out after a minimum gap of 3 - 5 days after the first session. Intraclass correlation was used to investigate the test-retest reliability of click and speech evoked BIC across the three sessions.

Results:

The test-retest reliability for BICclick was found to be excellent for latency measures and fair to good for amplitude measures. BICspeech was found to be fair to good, except for BIC-3.

Conclusion:

The results of the present study indicate that the reliability of BICclick is better than that of BICspeech. These results suggest that the clinical utility of BICspeech should be exerted with caution.
Study of Bali cattle physiological parameters during sea transport on camara nusantara ships
Authors: Kustiadi Nugraha Adam , Afnan Rudi , Taufik Epi , Sismin Satyaningtijas Aryani
Published: January 2021

There have never been specific research or study about cattle health during shipment using a Camara Nusantara ship as a mode of transportation. The objective of this study was to investigate the ship environment and physiological responses of cattle during transport from Tenau Port (Kupang) to Tanjung Priok Port (Jakarta) using Camara Nusantara 3 ship. The sample of 12 Bali cattle was determined using the purposive sampling total of 250 Bali cattle during transportation. Physiological parameters (including rectal temperature, respiratory rate, pulse rate) were used to evaluate the welfare status and stress level of animals, during the respective transport journeys. Transient changes in physiological parameters were found in the transported animals from day 2 to 4 relative to baseline levels, and the values were within the mild stress level of physiological range for the age of animals involved. There were significant differences (P<0.05) in rectal temperature, humidity, and temperature humidity index (THI). Using factorial Analysis of variance (ANOVA), there was an interaction between deck and day trip in the respiratory rate parameter. The cattle regained their initial normal range of physiological level and had slightly recovered by the time of their arrival on the 5th day of the journey.
The effect of differences between house length and placement zones inside the closed house on the utilization of broiler chicken feed protein in the dry season
Authors: Ari Bimo Arjanggi , Adi Sarjana Teysar , Suprijatna Edjeng
Published: January 2021

The research aims to examine the effect of differences in house length and placement zones inside a closed house on the utilization of broiler chicken feed protein in the dry season. The research material is 600 broiler chickens (strain cobb) divided into 20 experimental units and 2 closed houses with a length of 60 m with a capacity of 11,000 and a length of 120 m with a capacity of 22,000. This research used a randomized block design with a split-plot pattern and two factors. The main plot is closed house with length 60 and 120 meters, the subplot is the zone placement of chicken which are divided into 4 zones: zone 1 is parallel to the inlet, zone 2 is measured at 1/4 of the house length, zone 3 is measured at 1/2 the house length, zone 4 is measured at 3/4 the house length from the inlet. The parameters observed were protein digestibility, the protein efficiency ratio (PER), and nitrogen retention (NR). Macroclimate, microclimate, and microclimatic ammonia observed as supporting data and an overview of the research conditions. Longer house and placement zone of chicken further from the inlet increase temperature, humidity, and microclimatic ammonia inside the closed house. The results showed an interaction between the house length and placement zone of chicken against NR. The housing length of 120 m and zone 4 was significantly (P≤0,05) having lower protein digestibility, PER, and NR values. Protein digestibility began to decrease significantly (P≤0,05) in zone 3, while PER and NR significantly decrease from zone 2. It concludes that longer closed house and placement zones further from the inlet decrease the ability of broilers to utilizing feed protein in the dry season.
Application of Robot Positioning for Cannulated Screw Internal Fixation in the Treatment of Femoral Neck Fracture: Retrospective Study
Authors: Wan Lei , Zhang Xiangyun , Wu Dalong , Li Zhihao , Yuan Dongtao , Li Junming , Zhang Shikui , Yue Long , Zhang Shao'an
Published: January 2021

Background

Femoral neck fracture is a common type of hip fracture. Conventional surgical treatment aims at fixing the fracture site with screws and then gradually promoting bone healing. A robot-assisted orthopedic surgery system is computer technology applied to surgical treatment.

Objective

This study aimed to explore the therapeutic effect and prognostic value of percutaneous cannulated screw internal fixation using robot-assisted positioning in patients with femoral neck fractures.

Methods

From July 2018 to September 2019, 42 cases of femoral neck fracture admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Luohe Medical College were randomly and averagely divided into control and study groups. The patients in the control group were treated with conventional percutaneous cannulated screw internal fixation, while the patients in the study group were treated with robot-assisted percutaneous cannulated screw fixation during surgical treatment. We compared the treatment conditions and results of the operation between the 2 groups. The Harris score was used to evaluate the treatment efficacy. The state of fracture healing was followed up and compared between the 2 groups.

Results

The duration of the operation was shorter, there was less fluoroscopy use, and there were fewer drilled holes in the study group than in the control group (all, P<.001). There was no statistical difference in the amount of intraoperative bleeding between the 2 groups (P=.33). The Harris score (P=.045) and number of excellent and good ratings (P=.01) were significantly higher in the study group than in the control group. The difference in the fracture healing rate between the 2 groups was not statistically significant (P=.23). The fracture healing duration of the study group was shorter than that of the control group (P=.001).

Conclusions

The use of robotic positioning aids in the treatment of femoral neck fractures with percutaneous cannulated screw fixation can effectively improve the efficiency of surgery, shorten the duration of surgery, and reduce the radiation damage to patients. Meanwhile, it improves postoperative treatment and recovery rates of the patients and shortens the fracture healing time.
Virtual Reality or Augmented Reality as a Tool for Studying Bystander Behaviors in Interpersonal Violence: Scoping Review
Authors: Xue Jia , Hu Ran , Zhang Wenzhao , Zhao Yaxi , Zhang Bolun , Liu Nian , Li Sam-Chin , Logan Judith
Published: January 2021

Background

To provide participants with a more real and immersive intervening experience, virtual reality (VR) and/or augmented reality (AR) technologies have been integrated into some bystander intervention training programs and studies measuring bystander behaviors.

Objective

We focused on whether VR or AR can be used as a tool to enhance training bystanders. We reviewed the evidence from empirical studies that used VR and/or AR as a tool for examining bystander behaviors in the domain of interpersonal violence research.

Methods

Two librarians searched for articles in databases, including APA PsycInfo (Ovid), Criminal Justice Abstracts (EBSCO), Medline (Ovid), Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ProQuest), Sociological Abstracts (ProQuest), and Scopus till April 15, 2020. Studies focusing on bystander behaviors in conflict situations were included. All study types (except reviews) written in English in any discipline were included.

Results

The search resulted in 12,972 articles from six databases, and the articles were imported into Covidence. Eleven studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. All 11 articles examined the use of VR as a tool for studying bystander behaviors. Most of the studies were conducted in US young adults. The types of interpersonal violence were school bullying, dating violence, sexual violence/assault, and soccer-associated violence. VR technology was used as an observational measure and bystander intervention program. We evaluated the different uses of VR for bystander behaviors and noted a lack of empirical evidence for AR as a tool. We also discuss the empirical evidence regarding the design, effectiveness, and limitations of implementing VR as a tool in the reviewed studies.

Conclusions

The reviewed results have implications and recommendations for future research in designing and implementing VR/AR technology in the area of interpersonal violence. Future studies in this area may further contribute to the use of VR as an observational measure and explore the potential use of AR to study bystander behaviors.
Simple Smartphone-Based Assessment of Gait Characteristics in Parkinson Disease: Validation Study
Authors: Su Dongning , Liu Zhu , Jiang Xin , Zhang Fangzhao , Yu Wanting , Ma Huizi , Wang Chunxue , Wang Zhan , Wang Xuemei , Hu Wanli , Manor Brad , Feng Tao , Zhou Junhong
Published: January 2021

Background

Parkinson disease (PD) is a common movement disorder. Patients with PD have multiple gait impairments that result in an increased risk of falls and diminished quality of life. Therefore, gait measurement is important for the management of PD.

Objective

We previously developed a smartphone-based dual-task gait assessment that was validated in healthy adults. The aim of this study was to test the validity of this gait assessment in people with PD, and to examine the association between app-derived gait metrics and the clinical and functional characteristics of PD.

Methods

Fifty-two participants with clinically diagnosed PD completed assessments of walking, Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale III (UPDRS III), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Hamilton Anxiety (HAM-A), and Hamilton Depression (HAM-D) rating scale tests. Participants followed multimedia instructions provided by the app to complete two 20-meter trials each of walking normally (single task) and walking while performing a serial subtraction dual task (dual task). Gait data were simultaneously collected with the app and gold-standard wearable motion sensors. Stride times and stride time variability were derived from the acceleration and angular velocity signal acquired from the internal motion sensor of the phone and from the wearable sensor system.

Results

High correlations were observed between the stride time and stride time variability derived from the app and from the gold-standard system (r=0.98-0.99, P<.001), revealing excellent validity of the app-based gait assessment in PD. Compared with those from the single-task condition, the stride time (F1,103=14.1, P<.001) and stride time variability (F1,103=6.8, P=.008) in the dual-task condition were significantly greater. Participants who walked with greater stride time variability exhibited a greater UPDRS III total score (single task: β=.39, P<.001; dual task: β=.37, P=.01), HAM-A (single-task: β=.49, P=.007; dual-task: β=.48, P=.009), and HAM-D (single task: β=.44, P=.01; dual task: β=.49, P=.009). Moreover, those with greater dual-task stride time variability (β=.48, P=.001) or dual-task cost of stride time variability (β=.44, P=.004) exhibited lower MoCA scores.

Conclusions

A smartphone-based gait assessment can be used to provide meaningful metrics of single- and dual-task gait that are associated with disease severity and functional outcomes in individuals with PD.