bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multifunction waveform generator for EM receiver testing
Authors: Chen Kai , Jin Sheng , Deng Ming
Published: January 2018

Abstract. In many electromagnetic (EM) methods – such as magnetotelluric, spectral-induced polarization (SIP), time-domain-induced polarization (TDIP), and controlled-source audio magnetotelluric (CSAMT) methods – it is important to evaluate and test the EM receivers during their development stage. To assess the performance of the developed EM receivers, controlled synthetic data that simulate the observed signals in different modes are required. In CSAMT and SIP mode testing, the waveform generator should use the GPS time as the reference for repeating schedule. Based on our testing, the frequency range, frequency precision, and time synchronization of the currently available function waveform generators on the market are deficient. This paper presents a multifunction waveform generator with three waveforms: (1) a wideband, low-noise electromagnetic field signal to be used for magnetotelluric, audio-magnetotelluric, and long-period magnetotelluric studies; (2) a repeating frequency sweep square waveform for CSAMT and SIP studies; and (3) a positive-zero–negative-zero signal that contains primary and secondary fields for TDIP studies. In this paper, we provide the principles of the above three waveforms along with a hardware design for the generator. Furthermore, testing of the EM receiver was conducted with the waveform generator, and the results of the experiment were compared with those calculated from the simulation and theory in the frequency band of interest.
Historical (1750–2014) anthropogenic emissions of reactive gases and aerosols from the Community Emissions Data System (CEDS)
Authors: Hoesly Rachel M. , Smith Steven J. , Feng Leyang , Klimont Zbigniew , Janssens-Maenhout Greet , Pitkanen Tyler , Seibert Jonathan J. , Vu Linh , Andres Robert J. , Bolt Ryan M. , Bond Tami C. , Dawidowski Laura , Kholod Nazar , Kurokawa June-ichi , Li Meng , Liu Liang , Lu Zifeng , Moura Maria Cecilia P. , O'Rourke Patrick R. , Zhang Qiang
Published: January 2018

Abstract. We present a new data set of annual historical (1750–2014) anthropogenic chemically reactive gases (CO, CH4, NH3, NOx, SO2, NMVOCs), carbonaceous aerosols (black carbon – BC, and organic carbon – OC), and CO2 developed with the Community Emissions Data System (CEDS). We improve upon existing inventories with a more consistent and reproducible methodology applied to all emission species, updated emission factors, and recent estimates through 2014. The data system relies on existing energy consumption data sets and regional and country-specific inventories to produce trends over recent decades. All emission species are consistently estimated using the same activity data over all time periods. Emissions are provided on an annual basis at the level of country and sector and gridded with monthly seasonality. These estimates are comparable to, but generally slightly higher than, existing global inventories. Emissions over the most recent years are more uncertain, particularly in low- and middle-income regions where country-specific emission inventories are less available. Future work will involve refining and updating these emission estimates, estimating emissions' uncertainty, and publication of the system as open-source software.
A global hydrological simulation to specify the sources of water used by humans
Authors: Hanasaki Naota , Yoshikawa Sayaka , Pokhrel Yadu , Kanae Shinjiro
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Humans abstract water from various sources to sustain their livelihood and society. Some global hydrological models (GHMs) include explicit schemes of human water abstraction, but the representation and performance of these schemes remain limited. We substantially enhanced the water abstraction schemes of the H08 GHM. This enabled us to estimate water abstraction from six major water sources, namely, river flow regulated by global reservoirs (i.e., reservoirs regulating the flow of the world's major rivers), aqueduct water transfer, local reservoirs, seawater desalination, renewable groundwater, and nonrenewable groundwater. In its standard setup, the model covers the whole globe at a spatial resolution of 0.5° × 0.5°, and the calculation interval is 1 day. All the interactions were simulated in a single computer program, and all water fluxes and storage were strictly traceable at any place and time during the simulation period. A global hydrological simulation was conducted to validate the performance of the model for the period of 1979–2013 (land use was fixed for the year 2000). The simulated water fluxes for water abstraction were validated against those reported in earlier publications and showed a reasonable agreement at the global and country level. The simulated monthly river discharge and terrestrial water storage (TWS) for six of the world's most significantly human-affected river basins were compared with gauge observations and the data derived from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite mission. It is found that the simulation including the newly added schemes outperformed the simulation without human activities. The simulated results indicated that, in 2000, of the 3628±75 km3 yr−1 global freshwater requirement, 2839±50 km3 yr−1 was taken from surface water and 789±30 km3 yr−1 from groundwater. Streamflow, aqueduct water transfer, local reservoirs, and seawater desalination accounted for 1786±23, 199±10, 106±5, and 1.8±0 km3 yr−1 of the surface water, respectively. The remaining 747±45 km3 yr−1 freshwater requirement was unmet, or surface water was not available when and where it was needed in our simulation. Renewable and nonrenewable groundwater accounted for 607±11 and 182±26 km3 yr−1 of the groundwater total, respectively. Each source differed in its renewability, economic costs for development, and environmental consequences of usage. The model is useful for performing global water resource assessments by considering the aspects of sustainability, economy, and environment.
Benthic foraminifera or Ostracoda? Comparing the accuracy of palaeoenvironmental indicators from a Pleistocene lagoon of the Romagna coastal plain (Italy)
Authors: Barbieri Giulia , Vaiani Stefano Claudio
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Integrated analyses of multiple groups of microfossils are frequently performed to unravel the palaeoenvironmental evolution of subsurface coastal successions, where the complex interaction among several palaeoecological factors can be detected with benthic assemblages. This work investigates the palaeoenvironmental resolution potential provided by benthic foraminifera and ostracoda within a Pleistocene lagoonal succession of the Romagna coastal plain (northern Italy). Quantitative approaches and statistical techniques have been applied to both groups in order to understand the main factors that controlled the composition of assemblages and compare the palaeoecological record provided by single fossil groups. The two faunal groups are characterized by the high dominance of opportunistic species (Ammonia tepida–Ammonia parkinsoniana and Cyprideis torosa); however, detailed palaeoecological information is inferred from less common taxa. Benthic foraminiferal assemblages are mainly determined by the frequencies of abnormal individuals and species related to high concentrations of organic matter, showing two assemblages: a stressed assemblage, consistent with a brackish-water environment subject to salinity and oxygen fluctuations, and an unstressed assemblage, which indicates more stable conditions. Despite the lower number of species, ostracoda show more significant differences in terms of species composition and ecological structure between their three assemblages, formed in response to a salinity gradient and indicative of inner, central, and outer lagoon conditions. The stratigraphic distribution of ostracod assemblages shows a general transgressive–regressive trend with minor fluctuations, whereas benthic foraminifera highlight the presence of a significant palaeoenvironmental stress. In this case, the higher abundance along the stratigraphic succession, the higher differentiation of the assemblages, and the well-defined relationship between taxa and ecological parameters determine Ostracoda as the most reliable fossil group for precise palaeoenvironmental reconstructions. Nevertheless, benthic foraminifera indicate palaeoenvironmental stress and can be used to refine the environmental interpretation in the presence of monospecific ostracod assemblages.
Consistent biases in Antarctic sea ice concentration simulated by climate models
Authors: Roach Lettie A. , Dean Samuel M. , Renwick James A.
Published: January 2018

Abstract. The simulation of Antarctic sea ice in global climate models often
does not agree with observations. In this study, we examine the
compactness of sea ice, as well as the regional distribution of sea
ice concentration, in climate models from the latest Coupled Model
Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) and in satellite observations. We
find substantial differences in concentration values between
different sets of satellite observations, particularly at high
concentrations, requiring careful treatment when comparing to
models. As a fraction of total sea ice extent, models simulate too
much loose, low-concentration sea ice cover throughout the year, and
too little compact, high-concentration cover in the summer. In spite
of the differences in physics between models, these tendencies are
broadly consistent across the population of 40 CMIP5 simulations,
a result not previously highlighted. Separating models with and
without an explicit lateral melt term, we find that inclusion of
lateral melt may account for overestimation of low-concentration
cover. Targeted model experiments with a coupled ocean–sea ice
model show that choice of constant floe diameter in the lateral melt
scheme can also impact representation of loose ice. This suggests
that current sea ice thermodynamics contribute to the inadequate
simulation of the low-concentration regime in many models.
Marie Byrd Land glacier change driven by inter-decadal climate-ocean
variability
Authors: Christie Frazer D. W. , Bingham Robert G. , Gourmelen Noel , Steig Eric J. , Bisset Rosie R. , Pritchard Hamish D. , Snow Kate , Tett Simon F. B.
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Over the past 20 years satellite remote sensing has captured significant downwasting of glaciers that drain the West Antarctic Ice Sheet into the ocean, particularly across the Amundsen Sea Sector. Along the neighbouring Marie Byrd Land Sector, situated west of Thwaites Glacier to Ross Ice Shelf, glaciological change has been only sparsely monitored. Here, we use optical satellite imagery to track grounding-line migration along the Marie Byrd Land Sector between 2003 and 2015, and compare observed changes with ICESat and CryoSat- 2-derived surface elevation and thickness change records. During the observational period, 33 % of the grounding line underwent retreat. The greatest retreat rates were observed along the 650-km-long Getz Ice Shelf, further west of which only minor retreat occurred. The relative glaciological stability west of Getz Ice Shelf can be attributed to a divergence of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current from the continental-shelf break at 135° W, coincident with a transition in the morphology of the continental shelf. Along Getz Ice Shelf, grounding-line retreat reduced by 68 % during the CryoSat-2 era relative to earlier observations. This slowdown is a likely response to reduced oceanic forcing, as inferred from climate reanalysis data. Collectively, our findings underscore the importance of spatial and inter-decadal variability in climate and ocean interactions in moderating glaciological change around Antarctica.
Darkening Swiss glacier ice?
Authors: Naegeli Kathrin , Huss Matthias , Hoelzle Martin
Published: January 2018

Abstract. The albedo feedback is an important driver of glacier melt over bare-ice surfaces. Light-absorbing impurities strongly enhance glacier melt rates but their abundance, composition and variations in space and time are subject to considerable uncertainties and on-going scientific debates. In this study, we assess the temporal evolution of shortwave broadband albedo derived from 19 end-of summer Landsat scenes for the bare-ice areas of 39 large glaciers in the western and southern Swiss Alps. Trends in bare-ice albedo crucially depend on the spatial scale considered. No significant negative temporal trend in bare-ice albedo was found on a regional to glacier-wide scale. However, at higher spatial scales, certain areas of bare-ice including the lowermost elevations and margins of the ablation zones revealed significant darkening over the study period 1999 to 2016. A total glacier area of 16 km2 (equivalent to about 12 % of the average end-of-summer bare-ice area in the study area) exhibited albedo trends significant at the 95 % confidence level or higher. Most of this area was affected by a negative albedo trend of about −0.05 per decade. Generally, bare-ice albedo exhibits a strong interannual variability, caused by a complex interplay of meteorological conditions prior to the acquisition of the data, local glacier characteristics and the date of the investigated satellite imagery. Although, a darkening of glacier ice was found to be present over only a limited region, we emphasise that due to the recent and projected growth of bare-ice areas and prolongation of the ablation season in the region, the albedo feedback will considerably enhance the rate of glacier mass loss in the Swiss Alps in the near future.
Heat shock and plant leachates regulate seed germination of the endangered carnivorous plant Drosophyllum lusitanicum
Authors: Gómez-González Susana , Paniw Maria , Antunes Kamila , Ojeda Fernando
Published: January 2018

Abstract. In fire-prone ecosystems, many plant species have specialized mechanisms of seed dormancy that ensure a successful recruitment after fire. A well-documented mechanism is the germination stimulated by fire-related cues, such as heat shock and smoke. However, less is known about the role of inhibitory germination signals (e.g. allelopathy) in regulating post-fire recruitment. Plant leachates derived from the unburned vegetation can enforce dormancy by means of allelopathic compounds, acting as a signal of unfavourable (highly competitive) niche for germination in pyrophyte species. Here, we assessed the separate effects of heat shock and plant leachates on seed germination of Drosophyllum lusitanicum, an endangered carnivorous plant endemic to Mediterranean fire-prone heathlands. We performed a germination experiment in which seeds were subjected to three treatments: (1) 5 min at 100 ∘C, (2) watering with plant leachate, and (3) control. Germination rate and seed viability was determined after 63 days. Heat shock stimulated seed germination in D. lusitanicum while plant leachates had inhibitory germination effects without reducing seed viability. Thus, both positive and negative signals could be involved in its successful post-fire recruitment. Fire would break seed dormancy and stimulate seed germination of D. lusitanicum through high temperatures, but also by eliminating allelochemical compounds from the soil. These results help to understand the population dynamics patterns found for D. lusitanicum in natural populations, and highlight the role of fire in the ecology and conservation of this endangered species. Seed dormancy imposed by plant-derived leachates as an adaptive mechanism should be considered more in fire ecology theory.
La coautoría como expresión de la colaboración en la producción científica de Camagüey
Authors: Olivera Batista Dianelis , Peralta González María Josefa , García García Ognara
Published: January 2018

Objetivo: Describir el comportamiento de la coautoría en la producción científica de Camagüey registrada en las bases de datos de Web of Science (WoS) y Scopus en el período 2001-2013.Método: Se realizó un análisis bibliométrico mediante la aplicación de indicadores tales como índice de coautoría, rango de autores firmantes y su relación con las citaciones recibidas, evolución de la colaboración; se utilizó el análisis de redes para el estudio y visualización de la colaboración.Resultados: El índice de coautoría de la producción científica en general es 4.85 y el rango de autores firmantes predominante se encuentra entre 4 y 5 autores. El artículo con mayor cantidad de autores (30) es el que mayor cantidad de citas ha recibido en las dos bases de datos analizadas. Sólo 50 documentos no muestran colaboración al ser firmados por un único autor, mientras que la colaboración intrainstitucional está presente en más de 200 documentos.Conclusiones: Los patrones de colaboración muestran el predominio de la colaboración intrainstitucional en el período. En el análisis de la colaboración institucional se destacan la Universidad de Camagüey y el Hospital Manuel Ascunce Domenech al establecer vínculos colaborativos más fuertes con otras entidades, tanto cubanas como extranjeras. La internacionalización de la producción científica fue muy baja hasta el año 2005, a partir del 2006 tiene un ligero incremento pero continúa por debajo de la colaboración nacional e intrainstitucional.
Teoria sistêmica, institucionalismo forte e política representativa: outro caminho para uma política democrática radical
Authors: Danner Leno Francisco
Published: January 2018

Partindo da crítica a dois pontos teórico-políticos centrais na teoria da modernidade de Jürgen Habermas, a saber, sua noção de modernidade ocidental como autodiferenciação, autorreferencialidade e autossubsistência sistêmicas, e a sua concepção de um paradigma jurídico-político procedimental baseado em tal compreensão de modernidade, argumento que a teoria sistêmica relativa ao processo de modernização leva ao institucionalismo forte e à despolitização da estruturação, da legitimação e da evolução institucionais. A característica básica da teoria sistêmica, que consiste na autorreferencialidade e na autossubsistência institucionais frente à práxis política e à normatividade social, dispensa os sistemas sociais de justificarem-se e de organizarem-se com base em uma práxis política democrática inclusiva e em uma noção vinculante de normatividade social, despolitizando-os. Daqui emerge a radical separação entre a dinâmica institucional sistêmica e a práxis político-normativa democrática, entre instituições e sociedade civil, no sentido de que as instituições tornam-se independentes e fechadas em relação à política e à normatividade social, permitindo somente um papel político representativo aos movimentos sociais e às iniciativas cidadãs, e centralizando e monopolizando a legitimação institucional e a evolução social dentro das próprias instituições. Uma práxis política democrática radical, que enfrenta tal institucionalismo forte baseado na teoria sistêmica, deve politizar tanto a modernização ocidental de cunho liberal quanto seu consequente institucionalismo forte, recusando a teoria sistêmica enquanto a base epistemológico-política para a fundamentação da constituição e da legitimação institucionais contemporâneas. Isso também significa a centralidade político-normativa da arena, das práticas e dos sujeitos sociais da sociedade civil como a plataforma para a fundamentação e a evolução institucionais.
Má-fé e inconsciente: Sobre a crítica de Sartre a Freud em "O ser e o nada"
Authors: Silveira Léa
Published: January 2018

O artigo pretende fazer uma crítica da crítica que Sartre dirige a Freud a propósito de sua introdução do problema da má-fé em O ser e o nada. Para tanto, ele é composto de cinco etapas: 1- procura mostrar, ainda que muito brevemente, como a má-fé vem a ser colocada como questão no ensaio sobre a ontologia fenomenológica; 2- retoma as características que o filósofo, no início do capítulo 2 da primeira parte da obra, atribui à má-fé numa relação tanto de aproximação quanto de contraste com a mentira; 3- acompanha os passos pelos quais Sartre, nesse mesmo lugar da obra, constrói suas críticas a Freud; 4- sustenta que tais críticas resultam de uma má leitura da teoria freudiana, especialmente no que diz respeito às questões da resistência, do Eu, da censura e da compreensão dos processos inconscientes como coisa natural; 5- indica, ao final, como a tensão entre ser e aparência pode sugerir, após certas mediações, uma certa leitura da natureza epistemológica da metapsicologia.
As leituras alemãs da filosofia bergsoniana: transcendentalismo e Lebensphilosophie
Authors: Rates Bruno Batista
Published: January 2018

Não são raros os estudos que evidenciam um suposto anti-germanismo por parte de Bergson, seja pela sua recusa explícita ao kantismo, seja pela sua suspeita em relação à ideia de sistema, ou mesmo por sua predileção declarada ao empirismo. No entanto, a relação de Bergson com a filosofia alemã está longe de oferecer um quadro interpretativo inequívoco. Mais especificamente, perceberemos que o autor de Matéria e memória estava bem informado sobre as correntes filosóficas alemãs de seu tempo. Mas não só. De acordo com uma pouco debatida literatura dedicada ao tema, se fizermos o caminho inverso, não será difícil notar o caráter mútuo desta relação e concluir que houve uma recepção alemã da filosofia bergsoniana. Tendo em vista tais problemas, tentaremos oferecer um quadro geral da relação entre Bergson e as três correntes filosóficas alemãs da virada do século XIX que constituíram o terreno privilegiado desta troca: Lebensphilosophie, Fenomenologia e neokantismo.
O Papel do Hábito na Constituição da Cognição: Bergson leitor de Hume
Authors: Rodrigues Paulo Cesar
Published: January 2018

Pretende-se explorar, neste artigo, um possível parentesco teórico entre filósofos muito diferentes: David Hume e Henri Bergson. Haveria em Bergson, mais exatamente em sua concepção do hábito, uma explícita influência do pensador escocês? Esta é a questão que anima o presente estudo. Para abordá-la adequadamente, será preciso enfatizar uma certa leitura da obra de Hume (a intepretação naturalista), bem como uma certa perspectiva diante da filosofia de Bergson (a que ressalta seu “biologismo”). Paradoxalmente, a teoria do hábito de ambos redundará numa “metafísica”, a despeito do ponto de partida naturalista
The Relation between body image satisfaction, self-esteem and the academic behavior among the first and fourth year students in the faculty of nursing Tanta University
Authors: Elsherif Zebeda Abd Elgawad , Abdelraof Ayat Saif Elyzal
Published: January 2018

Background: Body image is interrelated to a person’s self-esteem. Misperception about one’s body can be the cause of disturbed self-esteem, and this result in low academic achievement. The objective of this study is to explore the relation between body image satisfaction, self-esteem and the academic behavior among the first and fourth year students in faculty of nursing.Methods: A comparative description design was utilized for this study. Three tools used for this study: Tool 1, Part 1: Sociodemographic and general characteristics of studied nursing students, Part 2: The Body Shape Questionnaire modified version 14 (BSQ) scale. Tool 2: The Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale (RSE). Tool 3: the Measurement of Academic Behavior.Results: The results of this study showed that there was a significant negative correlation between body image dissatisfaction and self-esteem in the first year students as r = 0.167 and p = .018, also in the fourth year students as r = 0.285 and p ≤ .001. There was a significant positive correlation between self-esteem and academic behavior in the first year students as r = -0.253 and p ≤ .001. While in the fourth year students there was a significant positive correlation between their self-esteem and their academic behavior at r = 0.235 and p ≤ .001.Conclusions: The results concluded that the students had a large percent of dissatisfaction with their body image and low self-esteem level, also they had low level of academic behavior. This study recommended that future research need positive psychiatric management which relates cognitive framing with applied behavior to elevate body image satisfaction and self-esteem and also to elevate physical activity.
Earnings Management to Avoid Financial Distress and Improve Profitability: Evidence from Jordan
Authors: Humeedat Mohammad M.
Published: January 2018

Due to unstable economic and political conditions, many companies in the Middle East are undergoing various financial distress and decline in profitability. This paper examines the role of earnings management to avoid financial distress and improve profitability in 58 industrial corporations listed on Amman Stock Exchange for a period of 2011 to 2016, which constitutes 89% of the whole population. The total number of observations is 413 for the entire study period. The study uses a cross-sectional Jones model that was modified by (Kothari, Leone, and Wasley, 2005); to measuring discretionary accruals that used as a proxy for earnings management.The empirical results indicate that earning management is not affected by the Altman’s Z-score index, but it has a positive relationship with debt to equity ratio. This study also shows a positive relationship between earnings per share, returns on equity, and earnings management. Regarding the control variable, we found a negative relationship between cash flow from operation and discretionary accruals.
Rewolucja francuska wobec Kościoła katolickiego w okresie Dyrektoriatu (1795-1799)
Authors: Dmochowski Tadeusz
Published: January 2018

The paper presents and analyzes the attitudes and subsequent legal actions of the French authorities against of the Catholic Church in the period of the rule of the Directory (fr. Directoire) (1795-1799).
Rodzina i wartości chrześcijańskie jako elementy tożsamości kulturowej
Authors: Frączek Adriana
Published: January 2018

The article presents selected Christian values, which play a vital role in the upbringing and shaping of the human personality - love of neighbor, truth, family In addition, it teaches the role of educational environments - family, school and church - in the process of raising and building cultural identity.
Nowe organizacje Polonijne w Królestwie Niderlandów
Authors: Leska-Ślęzak Joanna
Published: January 2018

Identity of Polish community can be defined in various categories. From one side, those people have typical foreign community identity, from the other, they have bipolar identity focused on integration with the Netherlands. Organizations that function in Holland are open to new cultural challenges. There are following new Polish community organizations operating in Holland: Multicultural Platform for Peace and Freedom, TOP Polki, Polish Professional Woman of the Netherlands.
SEASONALITY OF UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE COASTAL AND MOUNTAINOUS TOURIST REGIONS OF POLAND
Authors: Rembeza Jerzy , Radlińska Kamila
Published: January 2018

Purpose. Comparison of the size, distribution and trends of seasonal fluctuations in unemployment in seaside and mountain tourist areas. Efforts were made to determine the differences between groups of regions as a whole, internal differentiation within individual regions and between selected regions.

Method. The decomposition of the time series relies on extracting the seasonal component from the input range . To extract the seasonal component, we used the Census X12 ARIMA procedure. The analysis used data on the number of registered unemployed individuals in particular months from 2004 to 2014.

Findings. Tourist labour markets in Poland were characterized by relatively high seasonal unemployment. Seasonality level of unemployment was significantly lower in the mountain regions than in the seaside regions. In both regions, seasonality of unemployment increased during the considered period. Seasonal fluctuations in unemployment on seaside and mountain labour markets showed a similar distribution.

Research and conclusion limitations. The analysis used data on the number of registered unemployed individuals. The number of registered unemployed individuals does not fully describe the actual number of those unemployed and occurring in the short term changes in the labour market.

Practical implications. The findings may be useful from the point of view of shaping instruments affecting the labour market in the tourist regions. They also allow an assessment of the changes that have occurred among labour markets in tourist regions.

Originality. The originality of the research is based on comparison of seasonality in tourist regions with different locations and specifics. It allows to assess whether short-term fluctuations in unemployment in seaside and mountain tourist regions have any specificity.

Type of paper. Research article.
ALCOHOL, DRUG AND SEXUAL BACKPACKERS’ LICENTIOUSNESS IN THE LIGHT OF INTERNATIONAL COMPARATIVE RESEARCH
Authors: Jabłonkowska Jolanta Barbara
Published: January 2018

Purpose. Among the variety of backpaker’s behaviour, the excessive use of alcohol, drugs and sexual promiscuity are considered to be potentially dangerous for their physical and mental health. According to many researchers, this behavior is the result of backpakers’ loss of control in new social and cultural situations while travelling abroad. The aim of this study was to determine the role of drugs and sexual promiscuity in the backpackers’ travels and to find the reason for their behavior becoming less controlled.

Method. In this paper, the results of field research on a group of 290 backpackers from Poland and other countries, conducted within the years 2014-2016 in 5 countries (Australia, Indonesia, Thailand, United Arab Emirates and Poland) are described.

Findings. The obtained results enable us to indicate a new function of drugs in backpakers daily life and the relationship between drug overuse and backpackers’ experience in novel cultural conditions as well as their financial stance.

Research and conclusion limitations. The article does not present a comprehensive study on the behaviour of backpackers, which is too complex, but primarily focuses on their uncontrolled drug consumption and sexual promiscuity.

Practical implications. The data presented in this paper can be particularly important for individuals and institutions responsible for the development of local tourism. It is important to understand the attitudes and behaviour of backpackers, the emancipatory functions of sexual stimulants and sexual promiscuity. It is also necessary to continue this kind of research and to supplement the existing knowledge with the new contexts of the changes in the backpackers’ behaviour, also in case of the experience of Polish backpackers.

Originality. This is the first paper prepared in Poland to describe and analyze the uncontrolled consumption of alcohol, drugs and sexual promiscuity among backpackers.

Type of paper. The article presents the results of empirical research.
Anti-Catholicism, civic consciousness and parliamentarianism: Thomas Scott’s Vox Regis (1624)
Authors: Álvarez-Recio Leticia
Published: January 2018

The Anglo-Spanish negotiations for a dynastic alliance which began in 1614 had never been popular among a large section of English Protestants, who felt that their monarch should demonstrate a more active commitment to European Calvinism. Such prejudices increased after 1618 when the Bohemian crisis began and James did not support the Elector Palatine against the Habsburg Empire. The anti-Catholic mood reached its peak in October 1623, when the Prince of Wales arrived in London after his failed journey to Madrid. Many Londoners viewed his return as a victory over Spain and demanded a shift in Anglo-Spanish relations. This article considers the political tract Vox Regis (1624), written by Thomas Scott, one of the most prolific anti-Catholic pamphleteers at the time. In this work Scott develops many of the arguments proposed in Parliament in order to persuade James to change his religious and foreign policy. His anti-Catholic attacks vehicle debates on the role of citizens in the Commonwealth and more participatory types of government, in opposition to the crown’s appeal to the raison d’état and the doctrine of the divine right of kings. Thus, Scott relates anti-popery to civic consciousness, linking his discourse to the humanist tradition and anticipating some of the ideological discussions prevalent in England during and after the civil war.
The metaphoric motivation of the caused-motion construction: A case study of perception
Authors: Del Campo Martínez Nuria
Published: January 2018

This article addresses the caused-motion construction from the theoretical perspective of the Lexical Constructional Model (LCM). Within the LCM, the way in which lexical templates fuse with constructional templates is coerced by internal and external constraints. Internal constraints specify the conditions under which allow predicates to take part in a construction. External constraints take the form of high-level metaphoric and metonymic operations that affect lexical-constructional subsumption. This proposal makes use of the theoretical tools of the LCM with a view to exploring instantiations of the construction with verbs of perception. Apart from internal constraints, high-level metaphor will be found to play a prominent role in the construal of the examples under scrutiny. The study will suffice to point out that the semantics of the caused-motion construction needs to be understood with reference to the underlying metaphoric mappings.
INVESTIGATION OF INFLUENCE OF ESTER STRUCTURE ON THERMAL-OXIDATIVE OILS STABILITY
Authors: Tonkonogov Boris P. , Bagdasarov Leonid N. , Popova Kseniya A. , Agabekov Sergey S.
Published: January 2018

This work aims are analysis the influence of the structure of esters on their thermo-oxidative stability. Then we select the composition of additives to improve the oxidation properties of aviation turbine engines. As the main method we used the following study: Standard Test Method for Corrosiveness and Oxidation and Stability of hydraulic oils, aircraft turbine engine lubricants and other highly refined oils ASTM 4636-99. It has been found that the esters of dicarboxylic acids and aliphatic alcohols have a low thermal oxidative stability, which may result in frequent change in the oil lubrication system and washing with gasoline or jet fuel. Thus, compositions based on esters of dibasic acids and aliphatic alcohol are good plasticizers having abrasion resistance and frost resistance. Thought they have low pour points and high viscosity index. As a basis for aviation oil hindered esters are recommended, which have high thermal oxidative stability. In the industry esters obtained by etherification of the mixture of acids and a polyhydric alcohol are used. Esters are optimal on its viscosity-temperature properties which were obtained in the reaction of etherification of pentaerythrit and trimetilolpran alcohols, and mixtures of hexane, heptane, nonanoic, octanoic acids. Physico-chemical parameters of esters are improved with increasing in number of functional groups in the molecule. The reason for this is that the esters were obtained by the reaction of etherification of n-C9 acids with pentaerythritol alcohols which forms a sterically hindered ester. This structure has no hydrogen atom in the molecule in β-position, which prevents the formation of cyclic hydrocarbons. However, to get oils with high performance require it is necessary to add additives. Therefore, domestic and foreign literatures and requirements for oxidation stability were analyzed. Based on these data the main requirements were formulated for oil composition of aircraft gas turbine engines. As the results of the oxidative stability testing it were found that to obtain oil which satisfies to all modern requirements for thermal oxidative stability, it requires the use of complex of antioxidants of phenolic and amine types. Forcitation:Tonkonogov B.P., Bagdasarov L.N., Popova K.A., Agabekov S.S. Investigation of influence of ester structure on thermal-oxidative oils stability. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 2. P. 73-79
Instruir, aprender ou comunicar: Reflexão sobre os fundamentos das opções pedagógicas perspetivadas a partir do ato de ensinar
Authors: Trindade Rui , Cosme Ariana
Published: January 2018

Este é um texto por meio do qual se visa abordar os projetos de educação escolar, do ponto de vista dos seus pressupostos e implicações pedagógicas, a partir de uma abordagem que encontra na noção de paradigma o instrumento de organização de uma tal reflexão. Trata-se de uma decisão que visa definir a escala deste empreendimento, através do qual se pretende refletir sobre as crenças e as conceções de caráter ontológico e epistemológico que fundamentam os diferentes tipos de opções subjacentes aos distintos modos de conceber o ato de ensinar, enquanto ato que, segundo Roldão (2009), permite identificar e caraterizar a atividade educativa, específica e singular, dos professores nas salas de aula. Neste trabalho, e de acordo com os pressupostos acabados de enunciar, partimos do princípio que o ato de ensinar pode ser captado, hoje, em função de três paradigmas: o paradigma pedagógico da instrução, o paradigma pedagógico da aprendizagem e o paradigma pedagógico da comunicação (TRINDADE & COSME, 2010). Três paradigmas que serão objeto de interpelação nesteartigo, na medida em que exprimem três modos distintos de pensar o que se entende por educar nas escolas e, concomitantemente, a relação entre docentes, alunos e o património de informações, instrumentos, procedimentos e atitudes que foram culturalmente validados e que são considerados necessários à vida de cada um nas sociedades em que vivemos.
PROMOVER A CONVIVIALIDADE ESCOLAR: O FOCUS GROUP COMO MEIO DE FORMAÇÃO
Authors: Melim Marcelo , Pereira Beatriz , Rebolo Amália
Published: January 2018

Um clima escolar desfavorável constitui uma fonte de vulnerabilidades à integração e segurança da comunidade educativa. As escolas não podem renunciar a corresponsabilidade na promoção da saúde psicossocial dos alunos. As entidades governamentais devem cooperar com as escolas no sentido de apurar que medidas devem ser desenvolvidas em relação às diferentes violências. Este artigo documenta a atividade e principais resultados do Projeto Carta da Convivialidade Escolar, um projeto de intervenção/investigação tutelado pela Secretaria Regional de Educação e Recursos Humanos da Região Autónoma da Madeira, Portugal e supervisionado pelo Centro de Investigação em Estudos da Criança da Universidade do Minho. O principal objetivo deste projeto é contribuir para um ambiente escolar seguro, inclusivo e respeitador, potenciador das aprendizagens e favorecedor do sucesso escolar. Recorremos às técnicas de focus groups e à entrevista qualitativa realizada a elementos chave da comunidade educativa. Verificámos que não existe um conjunto de políticas e estratégias num formato único para resolver os conflitos e a violência em todas as escolas. É necessário identificar e testar as medidas mais adequadas às necessidades específicas, à cultura (etos), ao envolvimento sociocultural e ao modelo de gestão. As alterações requerem o comprometimento da comunidade educativa. A avaliação dos resultados permite ajustar e melhorar a intervenção, substituir ou adaptar estratégias.
Resiliencia en docentes: Una vía para mejorar capacidades de las poblaciones ante inundaciones agravadas por el cambio climático
Authors: Molina Erick Cajigal , González Ana Lucia Maldonado , Gaudiano Edgar J. González
Published: January 2018

Una posible alternativa para reducir la vulnerabilidad ante inundaciones es contribuir a desarrollar resiliencia comunitaria. Los docentes de nivel medio superior (bachillerato) pueden ser actores clave en las comunidades y por tanto promotores de acciones que propicien resiliencia. En este texto se describe la metodología utilizada y los resultados iniciales de un estudio dirigido a identificar la resiliencia individual y comunitaria en docentes de bachillerato en tres localidades de los municipios de Tlacotalpan, Cotaxtla y La Antigua en el estado de Veracruz, México. Las condiciones físicas y sociales en las localidades del estudio incrementan la fragilidad de su población y por tanto su vulnerabilidad a sufrir daños por inundaciones, posiblemente agravadas por el cambio climático. Tratándose de un fenómeno complejo y global, no existe lugar donde sus efectos no lleguen. Aunque los principales responsables del cambio climático son los países denominados desarrollados son los países en desarrollo los que sufren en mayor medida sus impactos. Entre sus consecuencias, el aumento de la temperatura global ha incidido en la intensidad de los ciclones tropicales resultando en inundaciones con severos costos en municipios vulnerables como los incluidos en esta investigación.
Educação Ambiental e formação docente na Amazônia brasileira: contextos universitários e realidades cotidianas
Authors: Andrade Francisca Marli Rodrigues de , Caride Gómez José Antonio
Published: January 2018

Na Amazônia brasileira, a formação docente no âmbito da universidade constitui-se como um importante objeto de disputas e negociações. Nas últimas décadas, tal objeto ganhou certas aproximações aos interesses que operam nas sutilezas das representações sociais e nas produções de inexistências — mais precisamente, das confluências que caracterizam a comercialização, a exploração e a violência, em sentido amplo. Em resposta às produções de inexistência, intensificou-se o interesse em (re)conhecer o processo de inserção da Educação Ambiental na formação em Pedagogia de docentes que atuam nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental, na rede pública municipal de Castanhal, Pará. O aporte teórico e metodológico foi orientado pelas contribuições da pesquisa qualitativa, pautada na vertente etnográfica da Teoria das Representações Sociais. Colaboraram com a pesquisa 121 docentes, os quais responderam ao questionário, complementado por dois grupos de discussão e pela observação participante. Os resultados indicam as dificuldades das instituições em estabelecer conexões e redes de construção e socialização de saberes quando contextualizadas na realidade cotidiana, sobretudo por meio dos segmentos de pesquisa e de extensão.
Duplicidade da veia renal direita em gato-do-mato-pequeno (Leopardus guttulus): relato de caso
Authors: Vidal Stocco Anieli , Cardoso Silva Stephanie , Dos Santos Toledo Karen , Dos Santos-Sousa Carlos Augusto , De Carvalho Raquel Batista Junger , Abidu-Figueiredo Marcelo
Published: January 2018

O gato-do-mato-pequeno pertence ao gênero Leopardus, que possui distribuição desde o sul dos Estados Unidos até o Chile. A redução e fragmentação de habitats de felinos ocasionaram a vulnerabilidade da espécie em estudo, segundo a Lista Vermelha de Espécies Ameaçadas. As veias renais direita e esquerda drenam seu conteúdo para a veia cava caudal. Variações anatômicas nas veias renais foram relatadas em várias espécies, como o cão, gato doméstico e humano. O objetivo deste artigo é relatar o aparecimento de variação numérica nas veias renais em Leopardus guttulus, com enfoque nas possibilidades de implicações clínico-cirúrgicas como anastomoses cirúrgicas, estudos imaginológicos, nefrectomias e planejamento pré-operatório para redução de riscos e complicações, como hemorragia. O animal foi devidamente formolizado no Laboratório de Ensino e Pesquisa em Morfologia de Animais Domésticos e Selvagens, posteriormente injetado látex colorido e dissecado. Foi observada variação numérica na veia renal no rim direito de um macho. Observou-se no rim esquerdo apenas uma veia renal medindo 0,98 cm de comprimento. O rim direito apresentou duas veias renais, sendo a primeira a fusão de duas veias interlobares em uma veia renal crânio-dorsal com 0,95 cm de comprimento e a segunda apresentando 0,98 cm de comprimento.
Respostas fisiológicas e adaptabilidade de bubalinos ao clima equatorial amazônico
Authors: Pantoja Messy Hennear de Andrade , Silva Jamile Andréa Rodrigues da , Delgado Monique Leão , Margarido Yvana Melyssa Mandú , Adami Carla Osana Rodrigues , Garcia Alexandre Rossetto , Lourenço Júnior José De Brito
Published: January 2018

A pesquisa objetivou avaliar as respostas fisiológicas e adaptabilidade de bubalinos criados em clima amazônico. Foram utilizados 20 búfalos Murrah, alimentados a pasto de Panicum maximun cv Mombaça e Braquiária humidicula, com acesso livre à água e suplementação mineral. Foram registrados dados de temperatura do ar e umidade relativa do ar, durante o mês de outubro, considerado como o mais quente da região, para compor a fórmula do Índice de Temperatura e Umidade (ITU), e foram coletados dados fisiológicos de temperatura retal (TR), temperatura da superfície corporal (TSC) e frequência respiratória (FR), e calculados os índices de adaptabilidade: Índice de Conforto Térmico de Benezra (ICB), Índice de Tolerância ao Calor de Ibéria (ITC Ibéria) e Índice de Tolerância ao calor de Baccari (ITC Baccari). Foram considerados os turnos da manhã e tarde. Houve diferença significativa (P<0,05) do ITU, TR, TSC, FR e ICB entre os turnos, onde no turno da tarde, os valores foram mais elevados, com 81,83±0,03; 39±0,24ºC; 33,12±0,71Cº; 23,30±0,32 mov./min. e 2,03±0,04, respectivamente. Os valores de ITC Ibéria foram mais elevados no turno da manhã (90,44±0,5). O valor médio do ITC Baccari foi de 9,7. Houve correlação positiva da TR, TSC e FR com TA e ITU e negativa com a UR. O ICB teve correlação positiva com a TA e ITU. O ITC Ibéria mostrou correlação negativa com a TA e ITU e positiva com a UR. Conclui-se que o ambiente amazônico é propício a causar estresse térmico em búfalos no turno da tarde, quando há elevação da TA e ITU, sendo necessário o uso de sombreamento para facilitar a capacidade de dissipação de calor corporal desses animais.
­Growth Score: A single metric to define growth in 96-well phenotype assays
Authors: Cuevas Daniel A , Edwards Robert A
Published: January 2018

High-throughput phenotype assays are a cornerstone of systems biology as they allow direct measurements of mutations, genes, strains, or even different genera. High-throughput methods also require data analytic methods that reduce complex time-series data to a single numeric evaluation. Here, we present the Growth Score, an improvement on the previous Growth Level formula. There is strong correlation between Growth Score and Growth Level, but the new Growth Score contains only essential growth curve properties while the formula of the previous Growth Level was convoluted and not easily interpretable. Several programs can be used to estimate the parameters required to calculate the Growth Score metric, including our PMAnalyzer pipeline.
Hsp70-associated chaperones have a critical role in buffering protein production costs
Authors: Farkas Zoltán , Kalapis Dorottya , Bódi Zoltán , Szamecz Béla , Daraba Andreea , Almási Karola , Kovács Károly , Boross Gábor , Pál Ferenc , Horváth Péter , Balassa Tamás , Molnár Csaba , Pettkó-Szandtner Aladár , Klement Éva , Rutkai Edit , Szvetnik Attila , Papp Balázs , Pál Csaba
Published: January 2018

Proteins are necessary for cellular growth. Concurrently, however, protein production has high energetic demands associated with transcription and translation. Here, we propose that activity of molecular chaperones shape protein burden, that is the fitness costs associated with expression of unneeded proteins. To test this hypothesis, we performed a genome-wide genetic interaction screen in baker's yeast. Impairment of transcription, translation, and protein folding rendered cells hypersensitive to protein burden. Specifically, deletion of specific regulators of the Hsp70-associated chaperone network increased protein burden. In agreement with expectation, temperature stress, increased mistranslation and a chemical misfolding agent all substantially enhanced protein burden. Finally, unneeded protein perturbed interactions between key components of the Hsp70-Hsp90 network involved in folding of native proteins. We conclude that specific chaperones contribute to protein burden. Our work indicates that by minimizing the damaging impact of gratuitous protein overproduction, chaperones enable tolerance to massive changes in genomic expression.