bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neuropharmacological profile of Parawixin-11, purified from Parawixia bistriata spider venom (Araneae, Araneidae), in Wistar rats
Authors: Pereira Adriana Colsera , Cunha Alexandra Olimpio Siqueira , Mortari Márcia Renata , Fachim Helene Aparecida , Campos Gabriel Avohay Alves , Lopes Norberto Peporine , Santos Wagner Ferreira
Published: April 2024

The pharmacological treatment of epilepsy is often complex, involving lack of efficacy in several patients due to individual characteristics and profound side effects from current drugs such as sedation, motor impairment and teratogenesis. In the context of drug development for epilepsy, animal venoms represent an important source of new neuroactive molecules acting in different targets such as ion channels and neurotransmitter receptor. In this work we investigated the antiepileptic potential of compounds isolated from the venom of Parawixia bistriata spider. One compound, named here as Parawixin-11, revealed anticonvulsivant effect against seizures induced by bicuculline, pentylenetetrazole, strychnine, pilocarpine and NMDA in a dose-response manner. We also investigated whether the intracerebroventricular administration of Parawixin-11 induced significant motor or cognitive impairment in rats submitted to three tests: open field, rotarod and Morris water maze. No difference was observed on exploration or movement when animals were treated with either 0.3, 0.2 or 0.1 ug of Parawixin-11. An increased latency to find platform was observed in the acquisition phase of the Morris water maze test even though no difference in retention of spatial memory was observed. Considering that Parawixin-11 was more potent against NMDA induced crisis, we hypothesize that this molecule might be modulating the glutamatergic system, consistent with the mechanism of several spider polyamines.
Comparison of Remimazolam Versus Dexmedetomidine on the Quality of Recovery in Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery ： A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Li Yaqiong , Gao Fanfan , Guan Qianqian , Zhou Hui , Wang Shengbin , Tan Yvqing , Hu Shenghong
Published: April 2024

Background: The quality of recovery (QoR) of remimazolam versus dexmedetomidine was compared as measured by QoR-40 scores in functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS).
Methods: 120 patients (18–65 years) scheduled for FESS were randomly allocated to the group R , group D or group C. Group R received remimazolam 0.075 mg/kg loading, 0.1mg/kg/h infusion.Group D received dexmedetomidine 1.0 µg/kg loading, 0.5 µg/kg/h infusion.Group C received the placebo equal to dexmedetomidine.The primary outcome was QoR-40 scores on the day before surgery and postoperative day 1 (POD1).Secondary outcomes were the time to awareness,the length of stay in the PACU,sedation score upon PACU arrival, pain, postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Adverse effects were recorded.
Results: The total QoR-40 scores (median, IQR) on POD1 were decreased less(154.5, 152.0 to159.0) in the groups R and D (155.0, 154.8 to159.3)than in the group C (139.0, 136.8 to142.0) (P=0.000).The time to awareness and the length of stay in the PACU were significantly lower in the groups R and C than in the group D (P=0.000).The level of sedation upon PACU arrival (median, IQR) in the groups R (-2.0, -2.0 to -1.0) and D (-2.0, -3.0 to -2.0) was deeper than in the group C (1.0, 0.0 to 1.0)(P=0.000). Compared to the group C, the pain intensity was reduced inthe groups R and D (P=0.000). The incidence of PONV was lower in the groups R (6,15.0%) and D (8,20.0%) than in the group C (17,42.5%)(P=0.011).15 patients had bradycardia in the group D,while no bradycardia was noted in the groups R and C(P=0.000).
Conclusion: Administration of remimazolam could provided a similar QoR to dexmedetomidine. And remimazolam can be a promising option for improving the QoR in FESS.
Trial registration: ChiCTR2300076209. (Prospective registered). Initial registration date was 27/9/2023.
Meta-analysis on the entomological effects of differentially treated ITNs in a multi-site experimental hut study in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Lissenden Natalie , Bradley John , Menze Benjamin , Wondji Charles , Edi Constant , Koudou Benjamin , N’Guessan Raphael , Bayili Koama , Diabaté Abdoulaye , Mbewe Njelembo , Emidi Basiliana , Mosha Jacklin , Manjurano Alphaxard , Small Graham , Oumbouke Welbeck , Moore Sarah Jane , Nimmo Derric Nimmo , Snetselaar Janneke
Published: April 2024

Background:
Restricting the placement of active ingredients (AIs) to specific panels on insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) has the potential to reduce the amount of AI required to treat a net. If the restricted placement of the AIs can exploit mosquito behaviour, particularly where they interact with the bed net interface, and not impact the net's effectiveness, then the reduction in AI could result in cost reductions.
Methods:
Nine individual experimental hut trials were conducted to compare the efficacy of three different hybrid net designs relative to fully treated nets; roof-only treated nets, side-only treated nets, and nets with treated roof and pyrethroid-only side panels. These trials were conducted on a range of net products with different AIs, across a range of geographies in Africa (East and West), vector species (An. gambiae, An. coluzzii, An. arabiensis, and An. funestus), hut designs (east and west African style) and hosts (cows and humans). The combined data from these trials were analysed in a meta-analysis, and odds ratios for the effect of the different net designs on mortality and blood-feeding were estimated using mixed effects logistic regression.
Results:
The results of this meta-analysis demonstrated that fully treated nets provide greater mosquito killing and reduction in blood-feeding effects than any configuration of insecticide treatment restricted to specific panels.
Conclusions:
This meta-analysis showed that hybrid net strategies that restrict the insecticide treatment to specific panels of an ITN do not give equivalency or superiority in either mortality or blood-feeding inhibition to fully treated nets. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Experimental study on ultrasonic reduction of irreducible water saturation in low permeability reservoir
Authors: Qiang HUA , liu pengcheng , li guangpu , yang fengmin , liu xiaoxiao
Published: April 2024

Using the self-developed ultrasonic generator, the natural low permeability cores of different physical properties were selected to carry out the indoor oil flooding experiment, and the effect of ultrasonic action on the saturation of irreducible water in low-permeability reservoirs was evaluated. It was found that ultrasound can further reduce the saturation of irreducible water on the basis of oil flooding. The influence of different frequencies of ultrasound on the saturation of reservoir core irreducible water is different, and there is an optimal range of ultrasonic frequencies. Increasing the ultrasonic power can effectively reduce the saturation of the core irreducible water in the low-permeability reservoir, and increasing the ultrasonic power can compensate for the adverse effects caused by the increase in frequency. With the increase of ultrasonic power, the thickness of the water film first decreases rapidly, and then gradually stabilizes. The effect of ultrasound on the reduction of the saturation of irreducible water gradually deteriorates, with the increase of temperature, and at a higher temperature of 70°C, the ultrasonic effect can still reduce the saturation of irreducible water. The effect of ultrasound on the saturation of irreducible water at low temperature is more intense, and the ultrasonic effect is more suitable for low temperature treatment. The effect of ultrasound on the reduction of saturation of irreducible water in reservoirs with poor physical properties is more obvious.
Assessment of the Bioaccumulated Metal Contaminants in Broiler Chicken -a Case Study From Skardu Pakistan
Authors: Butt Fazila , Jamil Ishrat , Parveen Kousar , Hussain Muhammad , Hussain Shafqat , Ali Hasnain
Published: April 2024

Chicken meats are an important source of nutrients and are consumed all over the world therefore regular screening is of utmost need for food safety to enjoy good health. The present study is designed to assess the quality of broiler chicken meat available in Skardu City. The meat samples were collected from different poultry shops situated in the commercial market of Skardu. A total of five samples of chicken meat were collected, 4 samples of broiler chicken, and 1 sample of frozen chicken meat. The samples were prepared using the wet digestion method and analyzed using standardized atomic absorption spectroscopy. The results showed that lead, nickel, and chromium are all present in chicken meat at different concentrations except cadmium. However, the concertation of all metals are above the permissible limit recommended by World Health Organization. Health risk assessment showed that meat is cotaminaed with toxic metal and belong to IARC class 1(human carcinogen) and class 2B (possible human cancer).
Does time and experience matter in pediatric arterial ischemic stroke intervention? Long term follow up experience
Authors: Ozturk Gulten , Bıyıklı Erhan , Unver Olcay , Dogru Omer , Saygi Evrim Karadag , Baltacıoglu Feyyaz , Turkdogan Dilsad
Published: April 2024

Introduction:
Acute ischemic stroke is an important cause of mortality in childhood with variable long term neurological sequelae. This study presents long term follow up outcome data of our center which is a tertiary clinic with a well-organized pediatric stroke team.
Method:
Medical records of patients diagnosed at pediatric age (28 days-18 years) with acute ischemic stroke between years 2011-2018 in Marmara University Pediatric Neurology Clinic were retrospectively evaluated. Patients whose initial medical intervention was performed by Marmara University Pediatric Emergency unit and had been followed by our clinic for at least 5 years after initial diagnoses were included in this study. The modified Rankin Scale(mRS) and Pediatric Stroke Outcome Measure Short Neuro Exam (PSE-SEN) were performed to all of the patients in addition to final neurological examination.
Results:
The mean first ischemic stroke age of 32 patients (20 male,62,5%) included in the study was 77,39±61,93 months. First stroke age was grouped as early (≤60 months; n=16) and late (>61 months, n=16). The median time passed from initial symptom to emergency room admission was 15,5 (1-720) hours. The mean follow-up interval of the study group was 85,44±20,52 months and the mean age of the group at the time of the study (present age) was 162,62±64,4 months. Affected vascular territory did not have any significant effect on long-term clinical outcomes (p=0,550). Late stroke age group (>61 months) had a significantly higher rate of normal functional long-term outcome(p=0.023).
The younger age group (≤60 months) had longer hospital admission time (24 h vs 9 h). PSOM scores were helpful to detect some mild cognitive and language dysfunctions that did not interfere with daily life.
Conclusion:
Pediatric Stroke Outcome Measure Short Neuro Exam (PSE-SEN) is helpful to catch mild neurocognitive sequela that can be missed with neurological examination.
Considering the fact that time after first symptom is critical for early intervention in acute ischemic stroke patients, stroke teams should be settled in all centrally located medical centers with easy transportation opportunities.
Effect of crosslink density on Sealant Properties Based on Silane- Modified Polyurethane
Authors: Basir Mohammad Hassan Mahdavi , Salimi Ali , Boohendi Hossein , Zohuriaan-Mehr Mohammad
Published: April 2024

This study investigates the profound influence of crosslink density, stemming from both primary and secondary aminosilanes, on the properties of one-part polyurethane sealants. Through systematic experimentation, we elucidate the consequential effects of varying crosslinking agents on mechanical, thermal, and adhesive characteristics. Our results highlight the distinct impact of primary and secondary aminosilanes on the resulting material, offering valuable insights into tailoring specific properties for diverse applications. The chemical and physical structures of the one-part polyurethane sealants were investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and the mechanical properties were evaluated by tensile tests. The results reveal that silane-terminated moisture-curable polyurethanes can be successfully synthesized and cured with Dibutyltin Dilaurate catalysts. The comparative analysis underscores the nuanced interplay between crosslink density and material performance, paving the way for optimized formulations. This research enhances the fundamental understanding of crosslinking mechanisms, guiding the formulation of materials suitable for a wide array of applications.
Wind-driven upwelling sustains weakened Atlantic overturning under climate extremes
Authors: Baker Jonathan , Bell Michael , Jackson Laura , Vallis Geoffrey K , Watson Andrew , Wood Richard
Published: April 2024

The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), vital for northward heat transport across the Atlantic Ocean, is projected to weaken due to global warming1, with significant global climate impacts2,3. However, the extent of AMOC weakening is uncertain with wide variation across climate models1,4,5, while some statistical indicators suggest an imminent collapse6. Here, we evaluate the AMOC’s resilience to extreme greenhouse gas and North Atlantic freshwater forcings in 34 climate models by analysing its upwelling pathways that return AMOC deep waters to the surface. We find that upwelling in the Southern Ocean (SO), driven by persistent SO winds, sustains a weakened AMOC in all cases, preventing its complete collapse. Since SO upwelling must be balanced by downwelling in the Atlantic or Pacific, the AMOC can only collapse if a compensating Pacific overturning (PMOC) develops. Remarkably, a PMOC does emerge in almost all models, but it is too weak to balance all of the SO upwelling, suggesting an AMOC collapse is unlikely this century. Our findings reveal novel AMOC stabilising mechanisms with implications for past and future AMOC changes, and hence for ecosystems and ocean biogeochemistry. They suggest that better understanding and estimates of the SO and Indo-Pacific circulations are urgently needed to accurately predict future AMOC change.
Pune City’s Microclimate: An Assessment of Selected Local Climate Zones Using ENVI-Met
Authors: Saha Labani , Desai Manasi , Dhorde Amit
Published: April 2024

The urban fabric of Pune city has undergone massive changes due to diversifying urban functionalities. The study attempts to identify different urban morphological landscapes within the city based on Local Climate Zones (LCZs) configurations. After identification of urban morphology in accordance with the LCZ scheme, the microclimatic simulations for the performance and attenuation of the meteorological parameters that is air temperature (Ta), relative humidity (RH), mean radiant temperature (Tmrt), and wind speed (WS) was accomplished through ENVI-met during the warmest month for the city. The urban landscapes characteristics similar to the proposed LCZ configuration and to collect field data for the chosen meteorological parameters ground survey was done. In addition to field observations, climatological normals and long-term trends for the meteorological parameters were also analyzed. The simulation results revealed that barren lands are warmer (by ~18℃) than the compact city core due to the heat sink effect. For Ta and RH the simulation is more reliable in case of open LCZs (R2~0.9) compared to compact LCZs (R2~0.5). With changing LCZs, there is no significant change in the simulation except continuous underestimation of the Tmrt and the role of wind flow in modifying Tmrt was noticed.
GIS-based methodology for culvert location evaluation on railways: a case study of the Qena–Safaga Track in Egypt
Authors: Ashour Mohamed A. , Mahmoud Hazem M. , Abu-Zaid Tarek S.
Published: April 2024

Railway infrastructure plays a critical role in transportation networks, and ensuring its integrity and resilience is of utmost importance. Culverts are vital components of railway tracks, providing drainage and water management to prevent structural damage and disruptions. Identifying suitable locations for culverts requires careful evaluation and consideration of various factors. A study using GIS techniques was conducted on an existing commercial railway track in the Eastern Desert of Upper Egypt to assess the effectiveness of existing culverts in preventing flash floods. The culvert suitability index map revealed that areas with high slopes and large drainage areas were more susceptible to water accumulation, indicating the need for culverts. The study also highlighted areas where culverts could be installed without significantly impacting existing infrastructure. It was recommended to install culverts in 27 locations along the track where they intersect with watercourses. Existing culverts covered just 93 watercourses, while 5 specialized culverts needed to be relocated. The findings have significant implications for railway engineering, as using GIS techniques streamlines the process of culvert location evaluation, saving time and resources. The systematic approach ensures culverts are installed in the most appropriate locations, minimizing flooding risks and ensuring the safety and efficiency of railway operations.
Nanoparticles as Drug Delivery Carrier-synthesis, Functionalization and Application
Authors: Sajeevan Drishya , Are Ramakrishna Prasad , Hota Prabhudutta , Babu Anju R.
Published: April 2024

In recent years, advancements in chemistry have allowed the tailoring of materials at the nanoscopic
level as needed. There are mainly four main types of nanomaterials used as drug carriers:metal-based nanomaterials,
organic nanomaterials, inorganic nanomaterials, and polymer nanomaterials. The nanomaterials as a
drug carrier showed advantages for decreased side effects with a higher therapeutic index. The stability of the
drug compounds are increased by encapsulation of the drug within the nano-drug carriers, leading to decreased
systemic toxicity. Nano-drug carriers are also used for controlled drug release by tailoring system-made solubility
characteristics of nanoparticles by surface coating with surfactants. The review focuses on the different
types of nanoparticles used as drug carriers, the nanoparticle synthesis process, techniques of nanoparticle surface
coating for drug carrier purposes, applications of nano-drug carriers, and prospects of nanomaterials as
drug carriers for biomedical applications.
Real-Time Multiple Object Detection Using Raspberry Pi and Tiny-ML Approach
Authors: Jaiswal Tarun , Pandey Manju , Tripathi Priyanka
Published: April 2024

Introduction:

Object detection has been an essential task in computer vision for decades,
and modern developments in computer vision and deep learning have greatly increased the
accuracy of detecting systems. However, the high computational requirements of deep learningbased
object detection algorithms limit their applicability to resource-constrained systems, such
as embedded devices.

Methods:

With the advent of Tiny Machine Learning (TinyML) devices, such as Raspberry Pi, it
has become possible to deploy object detection systems on small, low-power devices. Due to
their accessibility and cost, Tiny-ML devices, such as Raspberry Pi, a single-board tiny-ML device
that is extremely well-liked, have recently attracted a lot of attention.

Results:

In this study, we present an enhanced SSD-based object detection approach and deploy
the model using a tinyML device, i.e., Raspberry Pi.

Conclusion:

The proposed object detection model is lightweight and built utilizing Mobilenet-
V2 as the underlying foundation.
Crisis en las Galápagos
Authors: Landaburo Liosday , García-Sanz Daniel
Published: April 2024

Este artículo analiza el posicionamiento de Ecuador frente Washington y Beijing durante la presidencia de Lenin Moreno (2017-2021), mediante el concepto de la estrategia de cobertura (hedging). Se hace una investigación cualitativa, que se concentra en el caso de la crisis de las islas Galápagos. Se recurre a los conceptos de periferia turbulenta y periferia penetrada, para comprender la posición geoestratégica de Ecuador, debido a su zona marítima en el Pacífico. Se analiza cómo hubo un posicionamiento ambiguo de Quito en el periodo estudiado, dadas sus relaciones estratégicas en seguridad con Washington y sus relaciones económicas con Beijing. En medio de la rivalidad creciente entre Estados Unidos y China, Ecuador evitó un alineamiento claro con alguna de las dos potencias, y así obtuvo concesiones, beneficios y cooperación de ambos países.
Hezbolá como delegado iraní y su progresiva expansión en América Latina
Authors: Melamed-Visbal Janiel David , Niño César , Gómez-Arias María Eugenia
Published: April 2024

Este artículo analiza el papel de Hezbolá como actor proxy en la guerra hibrida iraní y sus implicaciones para la seguridad en América Latina, a partir de antecedentes históricos relevantes. Primero se explica el vínculo entre Irán y Hezbolá desde sus orígenes en la Guerra Civil libanesa, para luego abordar la presencia de esta organización en América Latina. Aunque esta región no es un área de operaciones armadas para Hezbolá, sí se revela como un escenario clave para su financiación, expansión y proyección estratégica. Ha habido presencia en la Triple Frontera entre Argentina, Brasil y Paraguay desde tiempo atrás, que ha influido en ataques terroristas dirigidos a objetivos judíos e israelíes. Ahora ha ganado importancia estratégica la triple frontera entre Colombia, Panamá y Venezuela, por la asociación y cooperación criminal con diversas estructuras armadas locales.
Improving cognitive learning outcomes and communication skills through problem-based learning with lesson study
Authors: Robi Fikri Syahir , Dianti Putri Rahma , Handayani Ning Rahayu
Published: April 2024

Students' communication skills must be empowered by habituating discussion to increase learning and understanding. This habit can be trained by applying Lesson Study (LS) activities in Problem-Based Learning (PBL). This study analyzed the effectiveness of PBL learning with LS activities in improving cognitive learning outcomes and communication skills of Masters of Biology Education students at Universitas Negeri Malang. This type of research uses a mixed method with a quantitative research approach and a one-group-pretest-posttest research design. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. Data collection uses test, non-test, observation, and documentation techniques. Data analysis used descriptive qualitative, descriptive statistics, and inferential statistics t-tests. The results showed that the PBL learning syntax had been implemented well, and there were significant differences in the learning outcomes of the two cycles, with a significance value of 0.000 (cycle I) and 0.001 (cycle II) 0.05. Furthermore, the results of student communication skills also experienced an increase in scores from cycle I to cycle II by 0.5%. This shows that PBL learning with LS activities can effectively improve students' communication skills and can be recommended for learning. Memperbaiki pembelajaran kognitif dan keterampilan komunikasi melalui pembelajaran berbasis masalah dengan lesson studyPemberdayaan keterampilan komunikasi siswa perlu dilakukan dengan pembiasaan diskusi sebagai upaya peningkatan pemahaman belajar. Kebiasaan ini bisa dilatih dengan menerapkan kegiatan Lesson Study (LS) dalam model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis efektivitas pembelajaran model PBL dengan kegiatan LS dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar kognitif dan keterampilan komunikasi mahasiswa Pascasarjana Pendidikan Biologi Universitas Negeri Malang. Jenis penelitian menggunakan mixed method dengan pendekatan penelitian kuantitatif dan desain penelitian one-group-pretest-postest. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik tes, non-test, observasi dan dokumentasi. Pada siklus pertama materi yang digunakan adalah penyusunan hipotesis dan siklus kedua menggunakan materi statistik dan analisis data. Analisis data menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif, statistik deskriptif dan statistik inferensial uji t-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sintak pembelajaran PBL telah terlaksana dengan baik dan terdapat perbedaan nyata hasil belajar kedua siklus dengan nilai signifikansi 0,000 (siklus 1) dan 0,001 (siklus 2) 0,05. Selanjutnya hasil keterampilan komunikasi mahasiswa juga mengalami peningkatan skor dari siklus 1 ke siklus 2 sebesar 0.5%. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa model PBL dengan kegiatan LS secara efektif dapat meningkatkan keterampilan komunikasi mahasiswa dan dapat direkomendasikan untuk pembelajaran.
Resiliensi guru sekolah menengah atas/kejuruan
Authors: Efianingrum Ariefa , Maryani Maryani , Sukardi Joko Sri , Hanum Farida , Dwiningrum Siti Irene Astuti
Published: April 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi resiliensi individu guru SMA/SMK di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY), menganalisis, dan menguji secara empiris pengaruh ketujuh aspek resiliensi terhadap resiliensi individu. Analisis dan pengujian menggunakan instrumen skala resiliensi personal dengan mengadopsi dari teori yang dikembangkan oleh Reivich dan Shatte. Populasi dalam penelitian adalah seluruh guru SMA/SMK di DIY, dengan pengambilan sampel minimum menggunakan rumus Lamshow sebanyak 249 guru SMA/SMK dengan teknik purposive sampling dan analisis data menggunakan SEM (Structural Equation Model) dengan bantuan software Lisrel 8.54. Temuan utama penelitian ini menunjukkan tingkat resiliensi individu guru SMA/SMK di DIY dengan mendasarkan pada tujuh faktor resiliensi individu yaitu aspek emotional regulation, impulse control, optimism, causal analysis, empathy, self-efficacy, and reaching out. Hasil analisis SEM menunjukkan bahwa aspek resiliensi individu guru SMA/SMK di DIY yang memiliki pengaruh paling dominan adalah aspek keempat (optimism), aspek kedua (impulse control), aspek keenam (aspect self efficacy), aspek ketiga (aspect empathy), aspek kelima (aspect causal analysis). Adapun aspek resiliensi individu guru SMA/SMK di DIY yang memiliki pengaruh terendah pada aspek ketujuh (reaching out) dan aspek kesatu (emotional regulation). Resilience of high school/vocational school teachersThe purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influence the individual resilience of SMA/SMK teachers in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta(DIY), analyze and empirically test the influence of the seven aspects on individual resilience using the individual resilience scale instrument adopted from Reivich and Shatte. The research population was all high school teachers in Yogyakarta, with a minimum sampling using the Lamshow formula of 249 high school teachers with purposive sampling technique and data analysis using SEM (Structural Equation Model) with the help of Lisrel 8.54 software. The main finding of the research is the individual resilience of high school teachers in Yogyakarta, which looks at seven individual resilience factors: emotional regulation, impulse control, optimism, causal analysis, empathy, self-efficacy, and reaching out. Based on the results of SEM analysis, explain that the most dominant aspects of individual resilience of high school teachers in DIY are the fourth aspect (aspect of optimism), the second aspect (aspect of impulse control), the sixth aspect (aspect of self-efficacy), the third aspect (aspect empathy), the fifth aspect (aspect causal analysis), and the lowest in the seventh aspect (aspect reaching out) and the first aspect (aspect emotional regulation.
Assessing higher education students' perception towards their engagement in pedagogical STEM approach
Authors:   Faculty of Education, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia, Abdi Abdirahman Ibrahim , Omar Abukar Mukhtar ,   Faculty of Education, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia, Mahdi Abdikarim Osman ,   Faculty of Education, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia, Osman Mohamed Ali ,   Faculty of Education, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia, Asiimwe Constance ,   College of Education and External Studies, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
Published: April 2024

This study focuses on evaluating university students' views on their involvement in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) teaching methods. The aim was to explore the various factors that affect students' participation in these educational approaches. The research looked at how teaching methods, the use of technology, teamwork, interaction, motivation, and interest all play a role in engaging students with STEM education. Using a descriptive, cross-sectional study design, data were gathered from an online survey completed by 321 senior students from four universities in Mogadishu, selected through a non-random purposive sampling method. The data were analyzed using Smart PLS-4's structural equation modeling (SEM) and SPSS 22.0 software. The results showed significant links between teaching methods, technology use, teamwork, interaction, motivation, interest, and student involvement in STEM education. The study disproved the initial hypotheses (H1, H2, and H3) with p-values of 0.006, 0.000, and 0.000, each below the standard threshold of 0.05. Based on these findings, the researchers suggest improving teaching methods, technology use, teamwork, interaction, motivation, and interest to boost student involvement in STEM education. These results are expected to help shape future STEM education strategies and offer important information for educators and policymakers to improve university settings and teaching methods to further increase student involvement in STEM subjects.
Small group classes with pregnancy cadres (kekasih) can improve knowledge and attitudes about exclusive breastfeeding among third-trimester pregnant women on the remote Island of Enggano, Bengkulu Province
Authors: Yorita Epti , Yanniarti Sri , Yulinda Yulinda , Pasaribu Saur Sariaty , Rina Rina
Published: April 2024

Background: One of the government programs that focuses on the first 1000 days of life is exclusive breastfeeding for infants aged 0-6 months, but there is often a failure of exclusive breastfeeding at the age of 0-3 days due to pre-lactal feeding, so education during pregnancy is needed to improve the knowledge and attitudes of pregnant women through KEKASIH (Small Group of Cadres with Pregnant Women) classes. Objectives: This study aims to determine the effectiveness of KEKASIH classes on knowledge and attitudes of pregnant women trimester III in remote areas of Enggano Island, Bengkulu Province in 2023.

Methods: Quasi-experimental research design with pre- and post-test and control group. Intervention in the form of KEKASIH class, which is a modified class for pregnant women divided into small groups with cadres as facilitators. Independent variables were KEKASIH class, dependent variables were knowledge and attitude. External variables are age, parity, education, distance of pregnancy, employment. The sample was trimester III pregnant women a total of 50 people consisting of the treatrimesterent group is pregnant women in KEKASIH class, the control group is pregnant women who receive conventional health promotion.

Results:The results of the study showed that there was a difference in the mean knowledge score before and after exclusive breastfeeding education through KEKASIH class from 27.36 to 49.04, p=0.00. There is no difference in the mean attitude score before and after exclusive breastfeeding education in the control group from 28.16 to 28.96 p=0.00.

Conclusions: KEKASIH Class is more effective in improving mothers' knowledge and attitudes about exclusive breastfeeding with a value of p=00. Educational factors affect mothers' knowledge, but gestational distance and parity affect mothers' attitudes about exclusive breastfeeding.
Intensive Longitudinal Methods Among Adults With Breast or Lung Cancer: Scoping Review
Authors: Geeraerts Joran , de Nooijer Kim , Pivodic Lara , De Ridder Mark , Van den Block Lieve
Published: April 2024

Background

Intensive longitudinal methods offer a powerful tool for capturing daily experiences of individuals. However, its feasibility, effectiveness, and optimal methodological approaches for studying or monitoring experiences of oncology patients remain uncertain.

Objective

This scoping review aims to describe to what extent intensive longitudinal methods with daily electronic assessments have been used among patients with breast or lung cancer and with which methodologies, associated outcomes, and influencing factors.

Methods

We searched the electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, and PsycINFO) up to January 2024 and included studies reporting on the use of these methods among adults with breast or lung cancer. Data were extracted on population characteristics, intensive monitoring methodologies used, study findings, and factors influencing the implementation of these methods in research and clinical practice.

Results

We identified 1311 articles and included 52 articles reporting on 41 studies. Study aims and intensive monitoring methodologies varied widely, but most studies focused on measuring physical and psychological symptom constructs, such as pain, anxiety, or depression. Compliance and attrition rates seemed acceptable for most studies, although complete methodological reporting was often lacking. Few studies specifically examined these methods among patients with advanced cancer. Factors influencing implementation were linked to both patient (eg, confidence with intensive monitoring system) and methodology (eg, option to use personal devices).

Conclusions

Intensive longitudinal methods with daily electronic assessments hold promise to provide unique insights into the daily lives of patients with cancer. Intensive longitudinal methods may be feasible among people with breast or lung cancer. Our findings encourage further research to determine optimal conditions for intensive monitoring, specifically in more advanced disease stages.
Classification of Patients’ Judgments of Their Physicians in Web-Based Written Reviews Using Natural Language Processing: Algorithm Development and Validation
Authors: Madanay Farrah , Tu Karissa , Campagna Ada , Davis J Kelly , Doerstling Steven S , Chen Felicia , Ubel Peter A
Published: April 2024

Background

Patients increasingly rely on web-based physician reviews to choose a physician and share their experiences. However, the unstructured text of these written reviews presents a challenge for researchers seeking to make inferences about patients’ judgments. Methods previously used to identify patient judgments within reviews, such as hand-coding and dictionary-based approaches, have posed limitations to sample size and classification accuracy. Advanced natural language processing methods can help overcome these limitations and promote further analysis of physician reviews on these popular platforms.

Objective

This study aims to train, test, and validate an advanced natural language processing algorithm for classifying the presence and valence of 2 dimensions of patient judgments in web-based physician reviews: interpersonal manner and technical competence.

Methods

We sampled 345,053 reviews for 167,150 physicians across the United States from Healthgrades.com, a commercial web-based physician rating and review website. We hand-coded 2000 written reviews and used those reviews to train and test a transformer classification algorithm called the Robustly Optimized BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) Pretraining Approach (RoBERTa). The 2 fine-tuned models coded the reviews for the presence and positive or negative valence of patients’ interpersonal manner or technical competence judgments of their physicians. We evaluated the performance of the 2 models against 200 hand-coded reviews and validated the models using the full sample of 345,053 RoBERTa-coded reviews.

Results

The interpersonal manner model was 90% accurate with precision of 0.89, recall of 0.90, and weighted F1-score of 0.89. The technical competence model was 90% accurate with precision of 0.91, recall of 0.90, and weighted F1-score of 0.90. Positive-valence judgments were associated with higher review star ratings whereas negative-valence judgments were associated with lower star ratings. Analysis of the data by review rating and physician gender corresponded with findings in prior literature.

Conclusions

Our 2 classification models coded interpersonal manner and technical competence judgments with high precision, recall, and accuracy. These models were validated using review star ratings and results from previous research. RoBERTa can accurately classify unstructured, web-based review text at scale. Future work could explore the use of this algorithm with other textual data, such as social media posts and electronic health records.
Medical Education and Artificial Intelligence: Web of Science–Based Bibliometric Analysis (2013-2022)
Authors: Wang Shuang , Yang Liuying , Li Min , Zhang Xinghe , Tai Xiantao
Published: April 2024

Background

Incremental advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) technology have facilitated its integration into various disciplines. In particular, the infusion of AI into medical education has emerged as a significant trend, with noteworthy research findings. Consequently, a comprehensive review and analysis of the current research landscape of AI in medical education is warranted.

Objective

This study aims to conduct a bibliometric analysis of pertinent papers, spanning the years 2013‐2022, using CiteSpace and VOSviewer. The study visually represents the existing research status and trends of AI in medical education.

Methods

Articles related to AI and medical education, published between 2013 and 2022, were systematically searched in the Web of Science core database. Two reviewers scrutinized the initially retrieved papers, based on their titles and abstracts, to eliminate papers unrelated to the topic. The selected papers were then analyzed and visualized for country, institution, author, reference, and keywords using CiteSpace and VOSviewer.

Results

A total of 195 papers pertaining to AI in medical education were identified from 2013 to 2022. The annual publications demonstrated an increasing trend over time. The United States emerged as the most active country in this research arena, and Harvard Medical School and the University of Toronto were the most active institutions. Prolific authors in this field included Vincent Bissonnette, Charlotte Blacketer, Rolando F Del Maestro, Nicole Ledows, Nykan Mirchi, Alexander Winkler-Schwartz, and Recai Yilamaz. The paper with the highest citation was “Medical Students’ Attitude Towards Artificial Intelligence: A Multicentre Survey.” Keyword analysis revealed that “radiology,” “medical physics,” “ehealth,” “surgery,” and “specialty” were the primary focus, whereas “big data” and “management” emerged as research frontiers.

Conclusions

The study underscores the promising potential of AI in medical education research. Current research directions encompass radiology, medical information management, and other aspects. Technological progress is expected to broaden these directions further. There is an urgent need to bolster interregional collaboration and enhance research quality. These findings offer valuable insights for researchers to identify perspectives and guide future research directions.
Effectiveness of Catch-Up Vaccination Interventions Versus Standard or Usual Care Procedures in Increasing Adherence to Recommended Vaccinations Among Different Age Groups: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials and Before-After Studies
Authors: Fallucca Alessandra , Priano Walter , Carubia Alessandro , Ferro Patrizia , Pisciotta Vincenzo , Casuccio Alessandra , Restivo Vincenzo
Published: April 2024

Background

To address the global challenge of vaccine hesitancy, the Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization strongly promotes vaccination reminder and recall interventions. Coupled with the new opportunities presented by scientific advancements, these measures are crucial for successfully immunizing target population groups.

Objective

This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to assess the effectiveness of various interventions in increasing vaccination coverage compared with standard or usual care. The review will cover all vaccinations recommended for different age groups.

Methods

In February 2022, 2 databases were consulted, retrieving 1850 studies. Following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, 79 manuscripts were included after the assessment phase. These comprised 46 trials/randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 33 before-after studies. A meta-analysis using a random-effects model was performed with STATA software (version 14.1.2). The selected outcome was the risk ratio (RR) of vaccination coverage improvement effectiveness. Additionally, meta-regression analyses were conducted for the included manuscripts.

Results

The analyses showed an overall efficacy of RR 1.22 (95% CI 1.19-1.26) for RCTs and RR 1.70 (95% CI 1.54-1.87) for before-after studies when considering all interventions cumulatively. Subgroup analyses identified multicomponent interventions (RR 1.58, 95% CI 1.36-1.85) and recall clinical interventions (RR 1.24, 95% CI 1.17-1.32) as the most effective in increasing vaccination coverage for RCTs. By contrast, educational interventions (RR 2.13, 95% CI 1.60-2.83) and multicomponent interventions (RR 1.61, 95% CI 1.43-1.82) achieved the highest increases for before-after studies. Meta-regression analyses indicated that the middle-aged adult population was associated with a higher increase in vaccination coverage (RCT: coefficient 0.54, 95% CI 0.12-0.95; before-after: coefficient 1.27, 95% CI 0.70-1.84).

Conclusions

Community, family, and health care–based multidimensional interventions, as well as education-based catch-up strategies, effectively improve vaccination coverage. Therefore, their systematic implementation is highly relevant for targeting undervaccinated population groups. This approach aligns with national vaccination schedules and aims to eliminate or eradicate vaccine-preventable diseases.
Development of an Electronic Health Record Self-Referral Tool for Lung Cancer Screening: One-Group Posttest Study
Authors: Stang Garrett S , Tanner Nichole T , Hatch Ashley , Godbolt Jakarri , Toll Benjamin A , Rojewski Alana M
Published: April 2024

Background

Approximately 14 million individuals in the United States are eligible for lung cancer screening (LCS), but only 5.8% completed screening in 2021. Given the low uptake despite the potential great health benefit of LCS, interventions aimed at increasing uptake are warranted. The use of a patient-facing electronic health record (EHR) patient portal direct messaging tool offers a new opportunity to both engage eligible patients in preventative screening and provide a unique referral pathway for tobacco treatment.

Objective

This study sought to develop and pilot an EHR patient-facing self-referral tool for an established LCS program in an academic medical center.

Methods

Guided by constructs of the Health Belief Model associated with LCS uptake (eg, knowledge and self-efficacy), formative development of an EHR-delivered engagement message, infographic, and self-referring survey was conducted. The survey submits eligible self-reported patient information to a scheduler for the LCS program. The materials were pretested using an interviewer-administered mixed methods survey captured through venue-day-time sampling in 5 network-affiliated pulmonology clinics. Materials were then integrated into the secure patient messaging feature in the EHR system. Next, a one-group posttest quality improvement pilot test was conducted.

Results

A total of 17 individuals presenting for lung screening shared-decision visits completed the pretest survey. More than half were newly referred for LCS (n=10, 60%), and the remaining were returning patients. When asked if they would use a self-referring tool through their EHR messaging portal, 94% (n=16) reported yes. In it, 15 participants provided oral feedback that led to refinement in the tool and infographic prior to pilot-testing. When the initial application of the tool was sent to a convenience sample of 150 random patients, 13% (n=20) opened the self-referring survey. Of the 20 who completed the pilot survey, 45% (n=9) were eligible for LCS based on self-reported smoking data. A total of 3 self-referring individuals scheduled an LCS.

Conclusions

Pretest and initial application data suggest this tool is a positive stimulus to trigger the decision-making process to engage in a self-referral process to LCS among eligible patients. This self-referral tool may increase the number of patients engaging in LCS and could also be used to aid in self-referral to other preventative health screenings. This tool has implications for clinical practice. Tobacco treatment clinical services or health care systems should consider using EHR messaging for LCS self-referral. This approach may be cost-effective to improve LCS engagement and uptake. Additional referral pathways could be built into this EHR tool to not only refer patients who currently smoke to LCS but also simultaneously trigger a referral to clinical tobacco treatment.
Choosing the best digital health literacy measure for your research – recommendations based upon a literature review and Champions involvement process. (Preprint)
Authors: Thorup Charlotte Brun , Uitto Mika , Butler-Henderson Kerryn , Wamala-Andersson Sarah , Hoffrén-Mikkola Merja , Thoft Diana Schack , Høsum Lisa Korsbakke Emtekær , Irrazabal María Gabriela , González Laura Pruneda , Valkama Katja
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

The global demographic shift towards longer life expectancy and complex health needs is increasing the number of people with chronic diseases, placing pressure on health and care systems. With the digitalization of healthcare, digital Health Literacy (dHL), or the use of digital skills in health, is gaining importance. It involves navigating digital health information, using digital tools effectively, and making informed health decisions. Measuring dHL can help identify gaps and develop strategies to improve dHL and health, ensuring citizens equal opportunity to participate in a digital healthcare system.
Based on the European project “The Improving Digital Empowerment for Active and Healthy Living (IDEAHL)” to empower European Union citizens to use digital instruments to take a more active role in managing their health and well-being.

OBJECTIVE

This paper AIMs to conduct a critical viewpoint of existing assessment tools for measuring dHL and recommend strategies for choosing relevant assessment tools.

METHODS

This study was carried out as a mixed method study initiated by a scoping review and three additional papers followed by a qualitative workshop study and a final analysis combining results.

RESULTS

Future tools should adapt to the latest trends and technologies, considering attitudes towards digital health and trust in its services. They should identify beneficiaries of digital health services, measure the impact of dHL interventions, and objectively evaluate functional skills. These tools should be evidence-based, validate instruments, interpret dHL results, and capture diverse experiences to reveal health behaviour changes.

CONCLUSIONS

The eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS), despite being the most frequently utilized tool, has limitations in scope and adaptability. Future tools need to reflect digital trends, encompassing individual skills. However, it is important to note that the ‘adequacy’ of dHL is context-specific and relies on healthcare systems and the technology provided, particularly the user interface. The focus should be on health improvement, not just elevating dHL levels. A comprehensive approach to dHL assessments, addressing diversity and relevance is crucial. Ethical considerations in dHL, including privacy and data security, are important due to potential feelings of shame among those with low literacy levels.