bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epigenetic regulation of Epstein–Barr virus: From bench to bedside
Authors: Gao Xiao , Yang Hao‐Xu , Cheng Shu , Cai Hua‐Man , Xiong Jie , Zhao Wei‐Li
Published: October 2024

Background

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a double‐stranded DNA herpesvirus and establishes life‐long infection in 95% of the world's populations.

Main body

EBV is critically involved in multiple diseases. Aberrant signaling pathways, immune escape, and metabolic reprogramming play essential roles in EBV‐mediated pathogenesis. However, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. Here we reviewed recent advances on the epigenetic regulation of EBV pathogenesis, which may translate to potential therapeutic strategies in EBV‐associated diseases.

Conclusion

Growing evidence has suggested that viral infections reconstruct epigenome to modulate gene expression both in the host and the virus levels.
Cardiometabolic multimorbidity and neuropsychiatric disturbances in multiregional older adults
Authors: Zhang Haoran , Wen Haoxuan , Zhao Xuhao , Huang Huiqian , Ge Qile , Chen Christopher , Xiao Shifu , Liu Zuyun , Xu Xin
Published: October 2024

Introduction

To investigate the association between cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) patterns and dementia‐related neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs) among multiregional and ethnic seniors.

Methods

Four Asian studies (discovery) and UK Biobank (validation) were included. CMM was defined as two or more of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, stroke, and heart disease. The latent class analysis identified CMM patterns. Two‐step individual participant data (IPD) and Cox regressions explored associations between CMM and the presence and short‐term (1–2 years) incidence of four neuropsychiatric subsyndromes: psychosis, hyperactivity, affective, and apathy.

Results

A total of 2950 Asian and 40,424 UK participants were included. Metabolic multimorbidity (≥2 of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus) was associated with the presence (odds ratio [OR] = 1.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.00–1.81; and 1.93, 1.73–2.16; in the respective data set), and incidence (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.91, 1.53–10.01; and 6.94, 2.52–19.07) of affective subsyndrome. Cardio‐cerebrovascular multimorbidity (≥2 of hypertension, stroke, and heart disease) was not associated with any NPSs.

Discussion

Metabolic multimorbidity may exacerbate the neuropsychiatric disturbances of possible dementia.

Highlights

Four Asian multiregional and ethnic studies were included as the discovery data set, with the UK Biobank being applied as the validation data set.

Metabolic multimorbidity had a higher presence and short‐term incidence of affective syndromes.

Cardio‐cerebrovascular multimorbidity was not associated with any neuropsychiatric symptoms.
Territorial status is explained by covariation between boldness, exploration, and thermal preference in a colour polymorphic lizard
Authors: Goerge Tyler M. , Miles Donald B.
Published: October 2024

Colour polymorphic species often exhibit variation in morphology, physiology, and behaviour among morphs. In particular, dominance status may be signalled by the interaction between behaviour and colour morph. Behavioural traits associated with dominance include boldness, exploration, and aggression, which influence access to preferred habitat, territorial defence, and mate acquisition. In ectotherms, the social structure associated with morphs may result in the exploitation of structural niches differing in thermal quality. Hence, social interactions among morphs may generate concordant variation in thermal preference and environmental temperature. However, few studies have assessed thermal preference variation in colour polymorphic species and its covariation with behaviour. Doing so can provide insight into niche specialization and the maintenance of colour polymorphism in populations. Here, we investigated the patterns of covariation in boldness behaviour, exploratory behaviour, and thermal preference in the tree lizard, Urosaurus ornatus. We assessed trait variation between territorial and non‐territorial male morphs and between orange and yellow female morphs. Boldness and exploratory behaviour were repeatable in male U. ornatus and bolder individuals were significantly more likely to incur tail loss, a potential consequence of bold behaviour. Territorial male morphs were significantly bolder and more exploratory and preferred higher body temperatures with a narrower T set than non‐territorial morphs. Female morphs did not vary in behavioural or thermal traits. This study highlights behavioural mechanisms that underly ecological niche segregation and variable habitat use between morphs in a colour polymorphic species.
Emaciated enigma: Decline in body conditions of common dolphins in the Celtic Seas ecoregion
Authors: Albrecht Sofia , Minto Cóilín , Rogan Emer , Deaville Rob , O'Donovan Jim , Daly Mags , Levesque Stephanie , Berrow Simon , Brownlow Andrew , Davison Nicholas J. , Slattery Orla , Mirimin Luca , Murphy Sinéad
Published: October 2024

Monitoring the nutritional health of cetaceans has become increasingly important in a changing environment, where multiple stressors impact animals. Particularly for those species that require consumption of energy‐dense prey, such as the common dolphin. Thus far, no uniform measure for monitoring body condition has been recommended across cetaceans, and species‐specific measures may need to be developed if employed as a population condition indicator under Descriptor 1 of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive. Here, nine morphometric body condition indices were applied to long‐term common dolphin stranding data sets originating from Ireland and the UK. We report a recent decline in the nutritional health of common dolphins in the Celtic Seas ecoregion comparing animals from 2017 to 2019 to animals from 1990 to 2006, with an increase in cases of animals dying due to starvation. Using ordinal regression trees, ventral blubber thickness (VBT) was identified as the most important index to predict nutritional status, defined at necropsy, followed by the scaled mass index (SMI). Using generalised linear models, both the VBT and SMI indices differentiated individuals that died from chronic and acute causes of death (i.e., bycatch), where animals in chronic conditions had significantly thinner VBT and lower SMI. Both significant temporal and seasonal patterns in VBT were identified, with poorer body conditions observed during the autumn and better body conditions observed during the spring, as well as an overall decline detected in VBT during the study period. While VBT was positively correlated with total body length, SMI showed the opposite trend. The VBT index is recommended for monitoring nutritional health within the species when total body length and season are considered. Further research is needed to understand the underlying causes for the observed decline, including shifts in prey availability and/or quality, to inform targeted conservation management strategies.
Phenotypic divergence of Glossina morsitans (Diptera: Glossinidae) populations in Zambia: Application of landmark‐based wing geometric morphometrics to discriminate population‐level variation
Authors: Muyobela Jackson , Pirk Christian W. W. , Yusuf Abdullahi A. , Sole Catherine L.
Published: October 2024

An important consequence of the discontinuous distribution of insect populations within their geographic range is phenotypic divergence. Detection of this divergence can be challenging when it occurs through subtle shifts in morphological traits with complex geometries, such as insect wing venation. Here, we used landmark‐based wing geometric morphometrics to investigate the population‐level phenotypic variation of the two subspecies of Glossina morsitans, G. m. centralis Machado and G. m. morsitans Westwood that occur in Zambia. Twelve homologous landmarks digitised on the right wings of 720 specimens collected from four and five sites (80 per site with 1:1 sex ratio) within the G. m. centralis and G. m. morsitans range respectively, were subjected to generalised Procrustes analysis to obtain wing centroid size (CS) and wing shape variables. Linear permutation models and redundancy analysis were then used to compare CS and wing shape between male and female G. morsitans, the two subspecies G. m. centralis and G. m. morsitans, the sexes of each subspecies and between sample locations within each subspecies range, respectively. Significant differences in CS and wing shape were observed between G. morsitans sexes, subspecies and sample locations within each subspecies range. A neighbour‐joining cladogram derived from the analysis of Procrustes distances showed that tsetse within each subspecies range were highly divergent. We conclude that G. morsitans populations in Zambia exhibit significant population‐level variation in fly size and wing shape which suggests high levels of population structuring. The main drivers of this structuring could be random genetic drift in G. m. centralis demes and local adaptation to environmental conditions in G. m. morsitans populations. We therefore recommend molecular studies to estimate the levels of gene flow between these populations and identify possible barriers to genetic flow.
The assembly and dynamics of ecological communities in an ever‐changing world
Authors: Godoy Oscar , Soler‐Toscano Fernando , Portillo José R. , Langa José A.
Published: October 2024

Alternative perspectives on the maintenance of biodiversity and the assembly of ecological communities suggest that both processes cannot be investigated simultaneously. In this concept and synthesis, we challenge this view by presenting major theoretical advances in structural stability and permanence theory. These advances, which provide complementary views, allow studying the short‐ and long‐term dynamics of ecological communities as changes in species richness, composition, and abundance. Here, the global attractor, technically named informational structure (IS), is the central element to construct from information of species' intrinsic growth rates and their strength and sign of interactions. The global attractor has four main properties: (1) It contains all the limits of what is feasible and unfeasible of the dynamical behavior of an ecological system, therefore, (2) it provides a thorough characterization of all combinations of species' richness and composition in which species can coexist (i.e., feasible and stable equilibrium), (3) as well as all connections (paths) of assembly between coexisting communities. Importantly, (4) such topology of coexisting communities and their connections changes when environmental (abiotic and biotic) variation affects the ability of species to grow and interact with others. Overall, these four properties allow switching from a traditional evaluation of species coexistence at equilibrium to a much more realistic nonequilibrium perspective where changes in the structure of the global attractor underlie the transient ecological dynamics. Several fields in ecology can benefit from the study of an IS. For instance, it can serve to evaluate community responses after the end of a perturbation, to design restoration trajectories, to study the consequences of biological invasions on the persistence of native species within communities, or to assess ecosystem health status. We illustrate this latter possibility with empirical observations of 7 years in Mediterranean annual grasslands. We document that extremely wet or dry years generate ISs supporting few coexisting communities and few assembly paths. The remaining communities distinguish winners from losers of ongoing climate change and indicate the limits to future community assembly opportunities. A fully tractable operational framework is readily available to understand and predict the assembly and dynamics of ecological communities in an ever‐changing world.
Spatial ecology, biodiversity, and abiotic determinants of Congo's bai ecosystem
Authors: Hockridge Evan G. , Bradford Ella M. , Angier Katherine I. W. , Youd Beatrice H. , McGill Elijah B. M. , Ngouma Sylvain Y. , Ognangue Roger L. , Gibbon Gwili E. M. , Davies Andrew B.
Published: October 2024

Canopy gaps are foundational features of rainforest biodiversity and successional processes. The bais of Central Africa are among the world's largest natural forest clearings and thought to be critically important islands of open‐canopy habitat in an ocean of closed‐canopy rainforest. However, while frequently denoted as a conservation priority, there are no published studies on the abundance or distribution of bais across the landscape, nor on their biodiversity patterns, limiting our understanding of their ecological contribution to Congolese rainforests. We combined remote sensing and field surveys to quantify the abundance, spatial distribution, shape, size, biodiversity, and soil properties of bais in Odzala‐Kokoua National Park (OKNP), Republic of the Congo (hereafter, Congo). We related bai spatial distribution to variation in hydrology and topography, compared plant community composition and 3D structure between bais and other open ecosystems, quantified animal diversity from camera traps, and measured soil moisture content in different bai types. We found bais to be more numerous than previously thought (we mapped 2176 bais in OKNP), but their predominantly small size (80.7% of bais were <1 ha), highly clustered distribution, and restriction to areas of low topographic position make them a rare riparian habitat type. We documented low plant community and structural similarity between bai types and with other open ecosystems, and identified significant differences in soil moisture between bai and open ecosystem types. Our results demonstrate that two distinct bai types can be differentiated based on their plant and animal communities, soil properties, and vegetation structure. Taken together, our findings provide insights into how bais relate to other types of forest clearings and on their overall importance to Congolese rainforest ecosystems.
Mild Behavioral Impairment and Quality of Life in Community Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Warring Ibadat , Guan Dylan , Ballard Clive , Creese Bryon , Corbett Anne , Pickering Ellie , Roach Pamela , Smith Eric E. , Ismail Zahinoor
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Mild behavioral impairment (MBI) is a dementia risk indicator in older adults characterized by later‐life emergent and persistent neuropsychiatric symptoms. Quality of life (QoL) is a multi‐dimensional concept encompassing physical, spiritual, and emotional well‐being. QoL aims to measure and quantify perceptions of individual health, well‐being, standard of living, personal fulfillment, and satisfaction. As MBI symptoms may arise from early‐stage neurodegenerative disease, MBI may contribute to declining QoL before dementia onset. In this study, we investigated the relationship between symptoms of MBI and QoL in older adults.

Methods

The sample comprised 1107 individuals aged ≥ 50 years from the Canadian Platform for Research Online to Investigate Health, Quality of Life, Cognition, Behavior, Function, and Caregiving in Aging (CAN‐PROTECT). Multivariable linear regressions were used to model the associations between MBI symptom severity (exposure), measured using the MBI Checklist (MBI‐C), and QoL (outcome) assessed by the EuroQol‐5D (EQ‐5D, higher score = poorer QoL) and the novel Quality of Life and Function Five Domain Scale (QFS‐5) (QFS‐5, lower score = poorer QoL). Covariates were age, sex, cognition, education, ethnocultural origin, marital status, employment status, high blood pressure, heart disease, and diabetes. Moderation analysis explored potential sex differences. A sensitivity analysis was performed removing anxiety/depression items from the EQ‐5D score.

Results

Across the sample (mean age = 64.4 ± 7.2, 79.4% female) every 1‐point increase in MBI‐C score was associated with a 0.06‐point standard deviation (SD) increase in EQ‐5D score (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.05–0.06, p < 0.001) and 0.08 SD decrease in QFS‐5 score (95% CI: −0.09 to −0.08, p < 0.001). Neither association depended on sex (p = 0.59 and p = 0.41, respectively). The association remained significant after removing anxiety/depression items from the EQ‐5D score (β = 0.04, 95% CI: 0.03– 0.04, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The study shows that MBI is associated with poorer QoL, independent of sex, on two QoL scales. We addressed depression/anxiety items in the EQ‐5D as a potential confounder for the observed MBI‐QoL association by conducting a sensitivity analysis that excluded those items from the EQ‐5D total score and by employing a novel measure of QoL (QFS‐5) that excludes psychiatric symptoms from measurement of QoL. Associations of MBI with the novel QFS‐5 were similar to associations between MBI and the EQ‐5D. Finding interventions to reduce the burden of MBI symptoms might improve quality of life.
Real‐world data for marginal zone lymphoma patients in the French REALYSA cohort: The REALMA study
Authors: Bommier C. , Donzel M. , Rossi C. , Fornecker L. M. , Bijou F. , Chauchet A. , Lebras L. , Ysabaert L. , Haioun C. , Bouabdallah K. , Gastinne T. , Morineau N. , Amorim S. , Jardin F. , Abraham J. , Lamy de la Chapelle T. , Gressin R. , Fouillet L. , Fruchart C. , Olivier G. , Morschhauser F. , Cherblanc F. , Belot A. , Le Guyader S. , Monnereau A. , Ghesquieres H. , Thieblemont C.
Published: October 2024

Marginal Zone Lymphoma (MZL) comprises three subtypes: extranodal MZL (EMZL), splenic MZL (SMZL) and nodal MZL (NMZL). Since clinical trials have limited representativeness, there is a need for real‐world data (RWD) evidence in MZL. Real‐world data in Lymphoma and survival in Adults (REALYSA) is a prospective multicentric French cohort of newly diagnosed lymphoma patients. This study consists of the first abstraction of MZL patients prospectively included in REALYSA between 12/2018 and 01/2021 with at least 1 year of follow‐up. It provides a landscape description of clinical characteristics, initial workup, quality of life and first‐line therapy performed in routine practice. Among 207 included patients, 122 presented with EMZL, 51 with SMZL and 34 with NMZL. At baseline, median age was 67 years (range 28–96), and patients reported a favorable global health status (75/100 (IQR 58,83)) – which was higher in NMZL and lower in SMZL patients (p = 0.006). 18FDG‐PET/CT was frequently performed at initial workup (EMZL 72%, SMZL 73%, NMZL 85%). Active surveillance was the initial management for 58 (28%) patients. The most prescribed therapies were rituximab‐chlorambucil in the EMZL population (30%), rituximab monotherapy in the SMZL population (37%) and R‐CHOP (24%)/bendamustine‐rituximab (15%) in the NMZL population. At end of first line, overall response rate was 93% among treated patients with 75% of complete response. This French nationwide study provided for the first time prospective RWD on clinical characteristics, initial management and treatment response of MZL patients.
Investigating the effects of systemic thrombolysis on electrocardiography and pulmonary artery blood pressure in patients with pulmonary embolism
Authors: Dastani Mostafa , Askari Vahid Reza , Nasimi Shad Arya , Ghorbani Niyayesh , Baradaran Rahimi Vafa
Published: October 2024

Background and Aims

We aimed to evaluate the association between electrocardiography (ECG) and echocardiographic findings in patients with pulmonary embolism (PE) before and after systemic thrombolysis.

Methods

We included 38 PE patients admitted to the hospital with approved right ventricular (RV) dysfunction who were indicated for systemic thrombolysis. Indications for systemic thrombolysis were considered as patients who were either hemodynamically unstable on admission or became unstable in the course of hospital admission. Systemic thrombolysis was performed by either Reteplase or Alteplase. ECG and echocardiographic findings were documented at baseline and 12–24 h following systemic thrombolysis.

Results

Our results showed that TAPSE significantly increased while RV size and pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PAP) notably decreased after systemic thrombolysis (p < 0.001). The ECG abnormalities markedly diminished after systemic thrombolysis in PE patients (p < 0.001). Additionally, 100% of our patients had more than one ECG abnormality at baseline, while 55.3% had no ECG abnormalities after systemic thrombolysis. Further, the median number of ECG abnormalities remarkably attenuated after systemic thrombolysis (from 2.0 (1.0) to 0.0 (1.0), p < 0.001). Our results also revealed that delta RV size (r = 0.51, p = 0.001) and delta TAPSE (r = 0.4, p = 0.012) were positively correlated while mortality (r = −0.55, p = 0.001) was negatively associated with changes in the number of ECG abnormalities before and after systemic thrombolysis.

Conclusion

We showed that systemic thrombolysis improved echocardiographic and electrocardiographic findings in PE patients. Additionally, a greater decreased number of ECG abnormalities after systemic thrombolysis was accompanied by more improvement in RV size and TAPSE and a lower mortality rate.
Systemic inflammation markers independently associated with increased mortality in individuals with hyperuricemia: Results from the NHANES prospective cohort study
Authors: Ren Tian , Zhou Erye , Wu Jian , Wang Chao , Yin Yufeng
Published: October 2024

Background

Hyperuricemia is associated with increased systemic inflammation. The systemic immune‐inflammation index (SII) and systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) are novel systemic inflammation markers and prognostic markers. However, no studies have evaluated the association between the SII/SIRI and mortality risk in individuals with hyperuricemia. This study aimed to investigate the predictive value of the SII and SIRI for all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality in a large cohort of hyperuricemia patients.

Methods

We conducted a prospective cohort study using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001‐2020. Hyperuricemia was defined as serum uric acid (SUA) levels of ≥7 mg/dL in men and ≥6 mg/dL in women. The SII and SIRI were calculated based on complete blood count parameters. Associations with all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models. Nonlinearity and effect modification were assessed using restricted cubic splines (RCS) and interaction analysis.

Results

Among the 6181 participants with hyperuricemia aged 20 years and older, over a total 181 months of follow‐up, there were 936 all‐cause deaths, of which 195 were cardiovascular mortality. In the fully adjusted models, the hazard ratios (HRs) were 1.73 (95% CI 1.42‐2.13) for the SII and 2.18 (95% CI 1.82‐2.62) for the SIRI with all‐cause mortality. The adjusted HRs were 2.08 (95% CI 1.37‐3.14) for the SII and 2.32 (95% CI 1.56‐3.45) for the SIRI with cardiovascular mortality. Spline models identified nonlinear U‐shaped (SII) and J‐shaped (SIRI) relationships of inflammation markers with mortality.

Conclusions

Elevated SII and SIRI are independent predictors of mortality in hyperuricemia patients. These inflammatory biomarkers may improve risk stratification in this high‐risk population. Further research should evaluate utility in guiding preventive interventions.
Male Sex and Ageing are Independent Risk Factors for Sarcopenia Stage in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease Not Yet on Dialysis
Authors: Huang Yi‐Fang , Liu Shih‐Ping , Muo Chih‐Hsin , Lai Chen‐Yi , Chang Chung‐Ta
Published: October 2024

Background

The risk of sarcopenia in older adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD) not yet on dialysis is controversial. The aims of this study were to investigate the association among sarcopenia, diabetes and predialysis CKD and evaluate the impact of gender and ageing on the risk of sarcopenia statuses in older patients with predialysis CKD.

Methods

The participants aged ≥60 years old were recruited from the community of New Taipei City, Taiwan. Handgrip strength, appendicular skeletal muscle mass and the 6‐m walk were measured. The diagnosis of sarcopenia was established based on the consensus of Asian Sarcopenia Working Group 2019. These older adults were categorised into G1, G2 and G3–5 according to the guidelines of Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) after calculating the estimated glomerular filtration rate by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation. The Chi‐square test and ANOVA were used to estimate the difference of categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Polytomous logistic regression was employed to assess the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the sarcopenia status and sarcopenia‐associated risk factors in the predialysis CKD patients. All tests were two‐sided, and p < 0.05 was defined as statistical significance.

Results

Among the 3648 older adults (mean age: 71.9 ± 6.07 years), including 1701 males and 1947 females, 870 (23.9%), 94 (2.58%) and 48 (1.32%) had possible sarcopenia, sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia, respectively. After adjustment, the risk for possible sarcopenia, sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia significantly increased with ageing (OR = 1.11, 1.10 and 1.23; 95% CI = 1.10–1.13, 1.07–1.15 and 1.18–1.30, respectively) and male gender (OR = 2.26, 20.3 and 25.4; 95% CI = 1.87–2.73, 11.5–36.0 and 11.3–57.2, respectively). Compared with KDIGO G1, no significant association between KDIGO G3–5 and the statuses of sarcopenia was observed (OR = 0.97, 0.88 and 0.91; 95% CI = 0.75–1.26, 0.43–1.78 and 0.37–2.27, p = 0.821, 0.718, 0.838, for possible sarcopenia, sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia, respectively). Ageing and male gender indicated a significant risk for higher sarcopenia status in older patients with predialysis CKD (0.027‐fold/year and 0.284‐fold, respectively) (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

This study illuminated the importance of the male sex and the ageing process on the risk of sarcopenia progression in patients with predialysis CKD. Early clinical screening and aggressive treatment for the prevention of higher sarcopenia status in advanced older male adults with predialysis CKD are recommended.
Design, Synthesis, In Vitro Evaluation of New Tetrahydrooxazolo [5′,4′:4,5]Pyrimido[1,2‐a]Azepinone Derivatives as Anticancer Agents
Authors: Zeng Yan , Ma Yan , Xiao Li , Niu Chao , Nie Lifei
Published: October 2024

A total of 48 tetrahydrooxazolo‐[5′,4′:4,5]pyrimido[1,2‐a]azepinones were designed and synthesized from a scaffold hopping approach. All compounds were confirmed by analysis using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS techniques. The synthesized compounds were evaluated against the human cancer cell lines (HeLa, MCF‐7, A549) in vitro, and the structure–activity relationships were summarized. The compound E43 exhibited the best inhibitory activity against HeLa, MCF‐7, A549, displaying IC50 values of 1.48 ± 0.13, 3.01 ± 0.09, and 5.11 ± 0.13 μM. Molecular docking indicated that compound E43 may bind to protein (PDB:6FEX) via hydrogen bond and π stacking. Further, molecular dynamics simulations indicated a relatively low binding free energy (−40.06 kJ·mol−1) of compound E43 with protein. In conclusion, these findings suggested that E43 is promising as a potential novel anticancer drug candidate worthy of further investigation.
息堪えを伴う高負荷トレーニングによる非外傷性急性硬膜下血腫の1例(A case of non–traumatic acute subdural hematoma triggered by straining during heavy lifting)
Authors: 雅祥 堀野 , 賢作 吉田 , 玲央 石元 , 拓磨 肥後 , 幹男 中島
Published: October 2024

症例は28歳男性，100kgの重量でスクワットを行った直後より頭痛，嘔気を自覚した。続いて左上下肢麻痺，意識障害を認めたため友人が救急要請し，当院へ搬送された。来院時の意識レベルはGlasgow Coma Scale 4点（E1V1M2）で瞳孔不同を認めた。頭部CT検査で正中偏位を伴う右急性硬膜下血腫を認めた。明らかな動脈瘤や血管奇形の所見は認めなかった。同日緊急開頭血腫除去術および減圧開頭術を行った。術中所見では，肉眼的に観察可能な範囲で明らかな脳表の静脈損傷や血管奇形などの出血原因となる病変はなかった。術後の画像検査や血液検査でも出血原因の同定はできず，病歴より息堪えを伴う高負荷トレーニングが原因と考えた。術後経過は良好であり，第33病日に神経脱落症状を残さず自宅退院した。非外傷性急性硬膜下血腫の原因として，脳動脈瘤，脳動静脈奇形，硬膜動静脈瘻などの頭蓋内器質的疾患，血液疾患や薬剤性などの報告がある。諸家の報告をもとに原因精査を行ったが，前述の出血原因を示唆する所見はなかった。本症例では，息堪えを伴う高負荷トレーニングによる脳表の毛細血管の破綻，急性硬膜下血腫発生の可能性が考えられた。原因不明の急性硬膜下血腫においては，詳細な病歴聴取と鑑別診断が重要である。
Where You Protonate Matters: Deciphering the Unimolecular Chemistry of Protonated Myrcene and Linalool
Authors: Buenger Edgar White , Mayer Paul M.
Published: October 2024

The unimolecular reactions of protonated myrcene and linalool were investigated by collision‐induced dissociation and density functional theory calculations. Experiments on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer showed that protonated myrcene undergoes two major unimolecular reactions losing propene and isobutene, and two minor reactions of ethene and propane loss. In each case, the product ion consists of a substituted five‐member ring. Protonation of myrcene was found to form four distinct protomers, three of which can be significantly populated in the ion source. The observed fragmentation reactions were calculated and found to depend on the starting protomer. Each pathway consisted of several hydrogen‐migration and ring‐forming/opening steps on the way to the observed products. Likewise, protonation of linalool also produces three distinct protomers, with the global minimum being formed by protonation of a central double bond. The major reaction is water loss to form protonated myrcene, but two minor channels were also observed resulting in loss of acetone and isobutene. The calculated minimum energy reaction pathways were found to be consistent with the relative abundances of the ions in the experimental breakdown diagrams.
Failure and complication rates following meniscal all‐inside and inside‐out repairs: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Villarreal‐Espinosa Juan Bernardo , Berreta Rodrigo Saad , Pallone Lucas , Rubin Jared , Allende Felicitas , Gómez‐Verdejo Fernando , Khan Zeeshan A. , Carpenter Melissa , Allahabadi Sachin , Chahla Jorge
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This study examines failure rates, complication rates and patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) for meniscal all‐inside (AI) and inside‐out (IO) repair techniques.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, Embase and Cochrane (inception to January 2024) assessing for Level I–III studies evaluating outcomes after meniscal repair. The primary outcome regarded differences in failure rates between AI and IO repair techniques. Secondary outcomes included a comparison of complication rates and PROMs. Quality assessment was performed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation and Methodological Index for Non‐Randomized Studies criteria. A meta‐analysis was conducted for outcomes reported by more than three comparative studies.

Results

A total of 24 studies (13 studies and 912 menisci for AI vs. 17 studies and 1,117 menisci for IO) were included. The mean follow‐up ranges were 22–192 months (AI) and 18.5–155 months (IO). The overall reported AI failure rate ranged from 5% to 35% compared to 0% to 25% within the IO group. When comparing meniscal repair failure rates in the setting of concomitant anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, the AI group had a failure rate (AI: 5%–34%; IO: 0%–12.9%). The complication rate ranged from 0% to 40% for AI and 0% to 20.5% for IO. Post‐operative PROM scores ranged from 81.2 to 93.8 (AI) versus 89.6 to 94 (IO) for IKDC and 4.0–7.02 (AI) versus 4.0–8.0 (IO) for Tegner. Upon pooling of six comparative studies, a significantly lower failure rate favouring the IO technique was observed (15.9% AI vs. 11.1% IO; p = 0.02), although this result was influenced by a study with a predominantly elite athlete population. Moreover, no significant differences were found regarding complication rates between cohorts (7.3% AI vs. 4.8% IO; p = 0.86).

Conclusion

The present study underscores comparable clinical success between AI and IO meniscal repair techniques, with both techniques demonstrating similar complication rates. However, the AI repair technique was associated with 1.77 times higher odds of failure compared to the IO cohort.

Level of Evidence

Level III.
Landscape and Soil Erosion Changes Along Different Types of Road Over the Past 30 Years in the Largest Loess Tableland of China
Authors: Yang Siqi , Jin Zhao , Hao Mingkui , Jiang Chengcheng , Han Hao , An Zhisheng , Tarolli Paolo
Published: October 2024

Road construction, as a product of modern civilization, can alter landscape patterns and accelerate erosion, especially in the loess tableland area of China with fragile eco‐environment. Different types of road could change land surface and increased soil erosion in different ways, while knowledge about this topic is limited. In this study, our objective is to evaluate the landscape and soil erosion changes along different types of road in the largest loess tableland of China. Results showed that: (1) The land use type became more diverse along the three types of road in 1990–2020, leading to increased landscape fragmentation and spatial heterogeneity. (2) Different types of road had different proportions of soil erosion values. In the expressway and provincial road, the proportion of low soil erosion values (below 100 t ha−1 yr−1) was > 70% in 1990–2020; in the national road, the proportion of low erosion values (below 100 t ha−1 yr−1) was > 50%. (3) In 1990–2020, soil erosion increased with the increase of road‐induced landscape fragmentation along the three types of road. For the expressway, soil erosion value increased from 91.5 to 98.5 t ha−1 yr−1 between 1990 and 2020; for the national road, soil erosion value increased from 174.5 to 184.8 t ha−1 yr−1; and for the provincial road, soil erosion value increased from 93.7 to 97.1 t ha−1 yr−1. (4) Effective soil and water conservation programs could mitigate erosion. Compared with the simulated soil erosion value, the actual soil erosion value decreased along the expressway, national road, and provincial road by 1.21, 3.67, and 2.96 t ha−1 yr−1, respectively, between 2005 and 2020. This study emphasizes the importance of road in aggravating erosion and the effectiveness of soil and water conservation programs in mitigating soil erosion within the loess area.
Accelerating a learning public health system: Opportunities, obstacles, and a call to action
Authors: Tenenbaum Jessica D.
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Public health systems worldwide face increasing challenges in addressing complex health issues and improving population health outcomes. This experience report introduces the concept of a Learning Public Health System (LPHS) as a potential solution to transform public health practice. Building upon the framework of a Learning Health System (LHS) in healthcare, the LPHS aims to create a dynamic, data‐driven ecosystem that continuously improves public health interventions and policies. This report explores the definition, benefits, challenges, and implementation strategies of an LPHS, highlighting its potential to revolutionize public health practice.

Methods

This report employs a comparative analysis approach, examining the similarities and differences between an LPHS and an LHS. It also identifies and elaborates on the potential benefits, challenges, and barriers to implementing an LPHS. Additionally, the study investigates promising national initiatives that exemplify elements of an LPHS in action.

Results

An LPHS integrates data from diverse sources to inform knowledge generation, policy development, and operational improvements. Key benefits of implementing an LPHS include improved disease prevention, evidence‐informed policy‐making, and enhanced health outcomes. However, several challenges were identified, such as interoperability issues, governance concerns, funding limitations, and cultural factors that may impede the widespread adoption of an LPHS.

Conclusions

Implementation of an LPHS has the potential to significantly transform public health practice. To realize this potential, a call to action is issued for stakeholders across the public health ecosystem. Recommendations include investing in informatics infrastructure, prioritizing workforce development, establishing robust data governance frameworks, and creating incentives to support the development and implementation of a LPHS. By addressing these key areas, public health systems can evolve to become more responsive, efficient, and effective in improving population health outcomes.
TFE Terpolymers: Once Promising – Are There Still Perspectives in the 21st Century? Part II: Processing, Properties, Applications
Authors: Ok Salim , Steinhart Martin , Améduri Bruno
Published: October 2024

Tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) terpolymers have emerged as advantageous substitutes for polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Therefore, they are being considered as alternatives to PTFE in many application areas. The advantages of TFE terpolymers include their facile processability at elevated temperatures, their solubility in some polar organic solvents, their inertness against aqueous acids, aqueous bases and a large number of mostly nonpolar organic solvents, their low dielectric constant, their low refractive index as well as useful electro‐ and thermochemical properties. This review on TFE terpolymers focuses on their processing including shaping and surface modification as well as on selected properties including wettability, dielectric properties, mechanical response behavior, chemical stability, and degradability. Applications including their use as elastomeric sealing material, liner and cladding layer as well as their use as material for membranes, microfluidic devices, photonics, photovoltaics, energy storage, energy harvesting, sensors, and nanothermitic composites will be discussed. The review concludes with a discussion of the future potential of TFE terpolymers and scientific challenges to be addressed by future research on TFE terpolymers.
Metabolic activities of marine ammonia‐oxidizing archaea orchestrated by quorum sensing
Authors: Pereira Olivier , Qin Wei , Galand Pierre E. , Debroas Didier , Lami Raphael , Hochart Corentin , Zhou Yangkai , Zhou Jin , Zhang Chuanlun
Published: October 2024

Ammonia‐oxidizing archaea (AOA) play crucial roles in marine carbon and nitrogen cycles by fixing inorganic carbon and performing the initial step of nitrification. Evaluation of carbon and nitrogen metabolism popularly relies on functional genes such as amoA and accA. Increasing studies suggest that quorum sensing (QS) mainly studied in biofilms for bacteria may serve as a universal communication and regulatory mechanism among prokaryotes; however, this has yet to be demonstrated in marine planktonic archaea. To bridge this knowledge gap, we employed a combination of metabolic activity markers (amoA, accA, and grs) to elucidate the regulation of AOA‐mediated nitrogen, carbon processes, and their interactions with the surrounding heterotrophic population. Through co‐transcription investigations linking metabolic markers to potential key QS genes, we discovered that QS molecules could regulate AOA's carbon, nitrogen, and lipid metabolisms under different conditions. Interestingly, specific AOA ecotypes showed a preference for employing distinct QS systems and a distinct QS circuit involving a typical population. Overall, our data demonstrate that QS orchestrates nitrogen and carbon metabolism, including the exchange of organic metabolites between AOA and surrounding heterotrophic bacteria, which has been previously overlooked in marine AOA research.
Traveling front in a diffusive predator–prey model with Beddington–DeAngelis functional response
Authors: Dong Huimiao , Liu Xingbo
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we consider a singular diffusive predator–prey model with Beddington–DeAngelis functional response, employing geometric singular perturbation theory and Bendixson's criteria. Our investigation revolves around transforming the reaction–diffusion equation into a multi‐scale four‐dimensional slow–fast system with two different orders of small parameters. Through once singular perturbation analysis, our focus shifts towards exploring the existence of heteroclinic orbits in a three‐dimensional system. We analyze these dynamics through the perspective of the Fisher–KPP equation in two limit cases. In the first case, only the normal to the two‐dimensional slow manifold is unstable. This allows for the deduction of existence of heteroclinic orbits in the three‐dimensional system through investigating the dynamics on the two‐dimensional slow manifold. Consequently, we obtain both monotonic traveling fronts and non‐monotonic fronts with oscillatory tails. In the second case, the normal to the one‐dimensional slow manifold exhibits both stable and unstable directions, then it is impossible to restrict the dynamics of the three‐dimensional system entirely to the slow manifold. Instead, we integrate the slow orbits of the reduced system with the fast orbits of the layer system to construct a singular heteroclinic orbit. According to Fenichel's theorem, we discover the existence of exact heteroclinic orbits of three‐dimensional system and derive the monotonic traveling fronts under weaker parameter conditions. Additionally, we also discuss the nonexistence of traveling fronts. Finally, we demonstrate our theoretical results with numerical simulations.
Design of a multicenter randomized controlled trial of a post‐discharge suicide prevention intervention for high‐risk psychiatric inpatients: The Veterans Coordinated Community Care Study
Authors: Weinstock Lauren M. , Bishop Todd M. , Bauer Mark S. , Benware Jeffrey , Bossarte Robert M. , Bradley John , Dobscha Steven K. , Gibbs Jessica , Gildea Sarah M. , Graves Hannah , Haas Gretchen , House Samuel , Kennedy Chris J. , Landes Sara J. , Liu Howard , Luedtke Alex , Marx Brian P. , Miller Aletha , Nock Matthew K. , Owen Richard R. , Pigeon Wilfred R. , Sampson Nancy A. , Santiago‐Colon Alejandro , Shivakumar Geetha , Urosevic Snezana , Kessler Ronald C.
Published: October 2024

Background

The period after psychiatric hospital discharge is one of elevated risk for suicide‐related behaviors (SRBs). Post‐discharge clinical outreach, although potentially effective in preventing SRBs, would be more cost‐effective if targeted at high‐risk patients. To this end, a machine learning model was developed to predict post‐discharge suicides among Veterans Health Administration (VHA) psychiatric inpatients and target a high‐risk preventive intervention.

Methods

The Veterans Coordinated Community Care (3C) Study is a multicenter randomized controlled trial using this model to identify high‐risk VHA psychiatric inpatients (n = 850) randomized with equal allocation to either the Coping Long Term with Active Suicide Program (CLASP) post‐discharge clinical outreach intervention or treatment‐as‐usual (TAU). The primary outcome is SRBs over a 6‐month follow‐up. We will estimate average treatment effects adjusted for loss to follow‐up and investigate the possibility of heterogeneity of treatment effects.

Results

Recruitment is underway and will end September 2024. Six‐month follow‐up will end and analysis will begin in Summer 2025.

Conclusion

Results will provide information about the effectiveness of CLASP versus TAU in reducing post‐discharge SRBs and provide guidance to VHA clinicians and policymakers about the implications of targeted use of CLASP among high‐risk psychiatric inpatients in the months after hospital discharge.

Clinical trials registration

ClinicalTrials.Gov identifier: NCT05272176 (https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05272176).
The High Diagnostic Yield of Prenatal Exome Sequencing Followed by 3400 Gene Panel Analysis in 629 Ongoing Pregnancies With Ultrasound Anomalies
Authors: Diderich Karin E. M. , Bruggenwirth Hennie T. , Joosten Marieke , Thurik Florentine , Mijalkovic Jona , Polak Marike , Kromosoeto Joan , Somers‐Bolman Galhana M. , van den Born Myrthe , Drost Mark , Galjaard Robert Jan H. , Galjaard Sander , Hoefsloot Lies H. , Knapen Maarten F. C. M. , van Minkelen Rick , van der Schoot Vyne , van Slegtenhorst Marjon A. , Sleutels Frank , Stuurman Kyra E. , Weerts Marjolein J. A. , Go Attie T. J. I. , Wilke Martina , Srebniak Malgorzata I.
Published: October 2024

Background

The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic yield of routine exome sequencing (ES) in fetuses with ultrasound anomalies.

Methods

We performed a retrospective analysis of the ES results of 629 fetuses with isolated or multiple anomalies referred in 2019–2022. Variants in a gene panel consisting of approximately 3400 genes associated with multiple congenital anomalies and/or intellectual disability were analyzed. We used trio analysis and filtering for de novo variants, compound heterozygous variants, homozygous variants, X‐linked variants, variants in imprinted genes, and known pathogenic variants.

Results

Pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants (class five and four, respectively) were identified in 14.0% (88/629, 95% CI 11.5%–16.9%) of cases. In the current cohort, the probability of detecting a monogenetic disorder was ∼1:7 (88/629, 95% CI 1:8.7–1:5.9), ranging from 1:9 (49/424) in cases with one major anomaly to 1:5 (32/147) in cases with multiple system anomalies.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that a notable number of fetuses (1:7) with ultrasound anomalies and a normal chromosomal microarray have a (likely) pathogenic variant that can be detected through prenatal ES. These results warrant implementation of exome sequencing in selected cases, including those with an isolated anomaly on prenatal ultrasound.
Does cognitive function affect functional capacity and perceived fatigue severity after exercise in patients with coronary artery disease?
Authors: Saklıca Dilara , Vardar‐Yağlı Naciye , Ateş Ahmet Hakan , Yorgun Hikmet
Published: October 2024

Background & Objective

Successful execution of exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation programs, an important branch of physiotherapy in individuals with coronary artery disease (CAD), depends on adequate cognitive abilities. It has been identified that coronary microvascular dysfunction, marked by reduced coronary flow reserve, is associated with impaired cerebral blood flow, affecting haemodynamic and cognitive performance. This study aimed to investigate how cognitive function influences functional capacity and differences in fatigue perception in CAD patients.

Methods

Fifty CAD patients, with an average age of 59.40 ± 6.58 years, were evaluated for comorbidities (Charlson comorbidity index), number of CAD risk factors (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia, smoking, and physical inactivity), cognitive performance (Montreal cognitive assessment scale [MoCA]), functional capacity (incremental shuttle walk test [ISWT]), exercise‐induced fatigue (Modified Bourg Scale), and physical activity (PA) levels (international physical activity questionnaire‐short form).

Results

Analyses focused on the links between MoCA scores and CRF, ISWT outcomes, and differences in fatigue perception. Findings revealed a strong positive link between MoCA scores and ISWT performance (r = 0.83, p < 0.001), and a strong inverse relationship between CRF and MoCA scores (r = −0.95, p < 0.001). In addition, MoCA score was positively correlated with differences in fatigue perception (r = 0.88, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

These results highlight the critical role of cognitive function in determining functional capacity and managing fatigue in CAD patients. They also suggest that cognitive interventions may be a potential adjunctive approach in physiotherapy programmes.