bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A novel BCMA/CD3 bispecific T-cell engager for the treatment of multiple myeloma induces selective lysis in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Hipp S , Tai Y-T , Blanset D , Deegen P , Wahl J , Thomas O , Rattel B , Adam P J , Anderson K C , Friedrich M
Published: December 2016

B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) is a highly plasma cell-selective protein that is expressed on malignant plasma cells of multiple myeloma (MM) patients and therefore is an ideal target for T-cell redirecting therapies. We developed a bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE) targeting BCMA and CD3ɛ (BI 836909) and studied its therapeutic impacts on MM. BI 836909 induced selective lysis of BCMA-positive MM cells, activation of T cells, release of cytokines and T-cell proliferation; whereas BCMA-negative cells were not affected. Activity of BI 836909 was not influenced by the presence of bone marrow stromal cells, soluble BCMA or a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL). In ex vivo assays, BI 836909 induced potent autologous MM cell lysis in both, newly diagnosed and relapsed/refractory patient samples. In mouse xenograft studies, BI 836909 induced tumor cell depletion in a subcutaneous NCI-H929 xenograft model and prolonged survival in an orthotopic L-363 xenograft model. In a cynomolgus monkey study, administration of BI 836909 led to depletion of BCMA-positive plasma cells in the bone marrow. Taken together, these results show that BI 836909 is a highly potent and efficacious approach to selectively deplete BCMA-positive MM cells and represents a novel immunotherapeutic for the treatment of MM.
Synthesis of 2-acyl-benzo[1,3-d]selenazoles via domino oxidative cyclization of methyl ketones with bis(2-aminophenyl) diselenide
Authors: Balaguez Renata A. , Betin Eduardo S. , Barcellos Thiago , Lenardão Eder J. , Alves Diego , Schumacher Ricardo F.
Published: December 2016

The synthesis of unprecedented 2-acyl-benzo[1,3-d]selenazoles is presented using bis(2-aminophenyl) diselenide and aryl methyl ketones under conventional heating and microwave irradiation.
Towards an all-in fiber photodetector by directly bonding few-layer molybdenum disulfide to a fiber facet
Authors: Chen Jin-hui , Liang Zhao-huan , Yuan Lie-rong , Li Cheng , Chen Min-rui , Xia Yi-dong , Zhang Xue-jin , Xu Fei , Lu Yan-qing
Published: December 2016

Although photodetectors based on two dimensional (2D) materials have been intensively studied, there are few reports of optical fiber compatible devices.
Polymorphism of CsGaS2– structural characterization of a new two-dimensional polymorph and study of the phase-transition kinetics
Authors: Friedrich D. , Schlosser M. , Weihrich R. , Pfitzner A.
Published: December 2016

Anionic layers in CsGaS2undergo a transition to infinite strands at high temperature and transfer back under pressure.
Tetraphenylfuran: aggregation-induced emission or aggregation-caused quenching?
Authors: Nie Han , Hu Kun , Cai Yuanjing , Peng Qian , Zhao Zujin , Hu Rongrong , Chen Junwu , Su Shi-Jian , Qin Anjun , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: December 2016

Tetraphenylfuran, structurally similar to AIE-active siloles, exhibits the traditional aggregation-caused quenching, which is co-caused by the restriction of intramolecular rotation and the conjugation effect.
Amphiphilic hyperbranched polyglycerols in a new role as highly efficient multifunctional surface active stabilizers for poly(lactic/glycolic acid) nanoparticles
Authors: Kasza György , Gyulai Gergő , Ábrahám Ágnes , Szarka Györgyi , Iván Béla , Kiss Éva
Published: December 2016

Amphiphilic hyperbranched polyglycerols synthesized with alkyl alcohol initiators are efficient surfactants and stabilizers for poly(lactic/glycolic acid) nanoparticles, which offer various new possibilities for surface functionalized nanosystems.
SIG 17 Perspectives Vol. 2, No. 2, September 2012
Authors: Hickey Ellen M. , McKenna Monica , Woods Celeste , Archibald Carmen
Published: December 2016

Sorry, this activity is no longer available for CEUs. Visit the SIG 17 page on the
ASHA Store
to see available CE activities.

Use the CE questions PDF here as study questions to guide your Perspectives reading.
Percutaneous, Transtrapezial Fixation without Bone Graft Leads to Consolidation in Selected Cases of Delayed Union of the Scaphoid Waist
Authors: Vanhees Matthias , van Riet Roger , van Haver Annemieke , Kebrle Radek , Meermans Geert , Verstreken Frederik
Published: December 2016

Purpose We evaluated clinical and radiographic outcome of percutaneous transtrapezial fixation of the scaphoid delayed union or nonunion using a headless bone screw without bone grafting.

Methods Sixteen patients with delayed union or nonunion of the scaphoid were included in this retrospective study between 2006 and 2011. All patients had a delayed presentation of scaphoid fracture, and none of them was treated conservatively elsewhere. Patients with bone graft, sclerotic bone debridement, or displacement of the fragment at the nonunion site were excluded. A percutaneous transtrapezial fixation technique was used in all cases. Patients were reviewed until clinical and radiographic union was observed. At the final follow-up, DASH (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand) and PRWHE (Patient-Rated Wrist and Hand Evaluation) outcome scores were completed.

Results Radiographic union was obtained in 15 out of 16 patients (94%) at an average follow-up of 36 months (range: 12–98 months). No complications from the percutaneous technique were noted. The average DASH score was 6 (range: 0–39) and the average PRWHE score was 10 (range: 0–56). No statistical significant difference in range of motion and grip strength was found between the operated side and the contralateral side.

Conclusion Percutaneous transtrapezial screw fixation for delayed or nonunion of selected scaphoid fractures without bone grafting is promising. At a mean of 4 months, 94% union was obtained with good functional results when there was no sclerosis, minimal osteolysis, and no displacement at the scaphoid nonunion site.

Type of Study Therapeutic study.

Level of Evidence IV.
Management of Varicose Veins and Chronic Venous Insufficiency in a Comparative Registry with Nine Venoactive Products in Comparison with Stockings
Authors: Dugall M. , Luzzi R. , Corsi M. , Ledda A. , Ricci A. , Pellegrini L. , Cesarone M. , Hosoi M. , Errichi B.M. , Cornelli U. , Cotellese R. , Agus G. , Feragalli B. , Belcaro G.
Published: December 2016

The aim of this registry study was to compare products used to control symptoms of CVI. Endpoints of the study were microcirculation, effects on volume changes, and symptoms (analogue scale). Pycnogenol, venoruton, troxerutin, the complex diosmin-hesperidin, Antistax, Mirtoselect (bilberry), escin, and the combination Venoruton-Pycnogenol (VE-PY) were compared with compressions.

No safety or tolerability problems were observed. At inclusion, measurements in the groups were comparable: 1,051 patients completed the registry. Best performers: Venoruton, Pycnogenol, and the combination VE-PY produced the best effects on skin flux. These products and the combination VE-PY better improved PO2 and PCO2. The edema score was decreased more effectively with the combination and with Pycnogenol. Venoruton; Antistax also had good results. Considering volumetry, the best performers were the combination PY-VE and the two single products Venoruton and Pycnogenol. Antistax results for edema were also good. The best improvement in symptoms score were obtained with Pycnogenol and compression. A larger decrease in oxidative stress was observed with Pycnogenol, Venoruton, and with the VE-PY combination. Good effects of Antistax were also observed. Parestesias were lower with Pycnogenol and with Antistax. Considering the need for interventions, the best performers were Pycnogenol, VE-PY, and compression. The efficacy of Pycnogenol and the combination are competitive with stockings that do not have the same tolerability in warmer climates. A larger and more prolonged evaluation is suggested to evaluate cost-efficacy (and non-interference with drugs) of these products in the management of CVI. The registry is in progress; other products are in evaluation.
Laser heating of scanning probe tips for thermal near-field spectroscopy and imaging
Authors: O’Callahan Brian T. , Raschke Markus B.
Published: December 2016

Spectroscopy and microscopy of the thermal near-field yield valuable insight into the mechanisms of resonant near-field heat transfer and Casimir and Casimir-Polder forces, as well as providing nanoscale spatial resolution for infrared vibrational spectroscopy. A heated scanning probe tip brought close to a sample surface can excite and probe the thermal near-field. Typically, tip temperature control is provided by resistive heating of the tip cantilever. However, this requires specialized tips with limited temperature range and temporal response. By focusing laser radiation onto AFM cantilevers, we achieve heating up to ∼1800 K, with millisecond thermal response time. We demonstrate application to thermal infrared near-field spectroscopy (TINS) by acquiring near-field spectra of the vibrational resonances of silicon carbide, hexagonal boron nitride, and polytetrafluoroethylene. We discuss the thermal response as a function of the incident excitation laser power and model the dominant cooling contributions. Our results provide a basis for laser heating as a viable approach for TINS, nanoscale thermal transport measurements, and thermal desorption nano-spectroscopy.
Relative submajorization and its use in quantum resource theories
Authors: Renes Joseph M.
Published: December 2016

We introduce and study a generalization of majorization called relative submajorization and show that it has many applications to the resource theories of thermodynamics, bipartite entanglement, and quantum coherence. Relative majorization is an ordering on pairs of vectors induced by stochastic transformations: One pair of vectors relatively majorizes another when there exists a stochastic transformation taking the former to the latter. Relative submajorization is a weakened version in which a substochastic matrix need only generate a vector pair obeying certain positivity conditions relative to the input pair. In the context of resource theories, we show that the relative submajorization characterizes both the probability and approximation error that can be obtained when transforming one resource to another, also when assisted by additional standard resources such as useful work or maximally entangled states. These characterizations have a geometric formulation as the ratios or differences, respectively, between the Lorenz curves associated with the input and output resources, making them efficient to compute. We also find several interesting bounds on the reversibility of a given transformation in terms of the properties of the forward transformation. The main technical tool used to establish these results is the linear programming duality, which is used to show that any instance of relative submajorization can be “dilated” to an instance of strict relative majorization.
Electrophoresis of Janus particles: A molecular dynamics simulation study
Authors: Molotilin Taras Y. , Lobaskin Vladimir , Vinogradova Olga I.
Published: December 2016

In this work, we use molecular dynamics and lattice-Boltzmann simulations to study the properties of charged Janus particles in an electric field. We show that for a relatively small net charge and a thick electrostatic diffuse layer, mobilities of Janus particles and uniformly charged colloids of the same net charge are identical. However, for higher charges and thinner diffuse layers, the Janus particles always show lower electrophoretic mobility. We also demonstrate that the Janus particles align with the electric field and the angular deviation from the field’s direction is related to their dipole moment. We show that the latter is affected by the thickness of electrostatic diffuse layer and strongly correlates with the electrophoretic mobility.
Polarization of obliquely propagating whistler mode waves based on linear dispersion theory
Authors: Remya B. , Lee K. H. , Lee L. C. , Tsurutani B. T.
Published: December 2016

We discuss the variation of whistler mode wave electric and magnetic field polarizations as a function of propagation angle θkB0 with respect to the background magnetic field B0 using linear kinetic dispersion theory. The circular polarization of the whistler mode wave magnetic field at all propagation angles [Verkhoglyadova et al. J. Geophys. Res. 115, A00F19 (2010); P. M. Bellan, Phys. Plasmas 20, 082113 (2013)] is found to be valid only for cold plasma or low plasma beta conditions. The wave magnetic fields, on a plane orthogonal to the wave vector k, tend to become elliptically polarized with an increase in propagation angles for high beta plasma background conditions (βe≥0.1). The electric field polarization plane may not be orthogonal to wave vector k, especially for oblique propagations, and is found to be circularly polarized only at parallel propagation direction as reported by Verkhoglyadova et al. [J. Geophys. Res. 115, A00F19 (2010)] and Bellan [Phys. Plasmas 20, 082113 (2013)]. They become elliptically polarized with an increase in propagation angles. This is valid for arbitrary plasma beta conditions. The results are also analysed and compared for an inner magnetospheric plasma model with three electron species. The two major angles, Gendrin and resonance cone angles, are also discussed.
Flow around two non-parallel tandem cylinders
Authors: Younis M. Y. , Alam M. M. , Zhou Y.
Published: December 2016

An experimental investigation at a Reynolds number (Re) of 5.6 × 104 is carried out to understand fluid dynamics associated with two nonparallel cylinders in a tandem configuration. The upstream and downstream cylinders of identical diameter D are oppositely rotated by 7.5° measured from the normal to free stream direction, which leads to an included angle of 15° between the cylinders. Measurements of Strouhal number (St) and time-mean and instantaneous flow fields are conducted to explore the flow structure variation in the spanwise direction at different spacing ratio L* (=L/D = 1–4.05, where L is the cylinder center-to-center spacing). Three distinct flows are identified, namely, alternating reattachment flow (regime I, 1 ≤ L* < 2.15), bi-stable flow (regime II, 2.15 ≤ L* ≤ 3.1), and coshedding flow (regime III, 3.1 < L* ≤ 4.05). Based on shear layer reattachment and its influence on quasi-steady vortex in the gap and wake regions, regime I is further divided into two subregimes, IA and IB. The three flow regimes are totally different from those for parallel cylinders. A spiral vortex forming in the gap that varies along the cylinder span is responsible for making the difference. Due to the intermittent presence of reattachment and coshedding flows, jump in St prevails for 3.9 < L* < 4.1 for the parallel cylinders and 2.15 ≤ L* ≤ 3.1 for nonparallel cylinders, the range being remarkably long for the latter. Besides this, another jump in St associated with the coshedding flow at L* = 2.5 in regime II for nonparallel cylinders is revealed, which does not occur for parallel cylinders. A wake-flow bifurcation at L* = 2.5 is responsible for the jump, separating the wake flow turning up (L* < 2.5) and turning down (L* > 2.5). The independence principle for nonparallel cylinders is not valid for the flows in regimes I and II but is valid for the flow in regime III, while that for parallel cylinders is valid for all regimes.
Rugged constant-temperature thermal anemometer
Authors: Palma J. , Labbé R.
Published: December 2016

Here we report a robust thermal anemometer which can be easily built. It was conceived to measure outdoor wind speeds and for airspeed monitoring in wind tunnels and other indoor uses. It works at a constant, low temperature of approximately 90 °C, so that an independent measurement of the air temperature is required to give a correct speed reading. Despite the size and high thermal inertia of the probe, the test results show that this anemometer is capable of measuring turbulent fluctuations up to ∼100 Hz in winds of ∼14 m/s, which corresponds to a scale similar to the length of the probe.
Temperature-dependent formation of NaCl dihydrate in levitated NaCl and sea salt aerosol particles
Authors: Peckhaus Andreas , Kiselev Alexei , Wagner Robert , Duft Denis , Leisner Thomas
Published: December 2016

Recent laboratory studies indicate that the hydrated form of crystalline NaCl is potentially important for atmospheric processes involving depositional ice nucleation on NaCl dihydrate particles under cirrus cloud conditions. However, recent experimental studies reported a strong discrepancy between the temperature intervals where the efflorescence of NaCl dihydrate has been observed. Here we report the measurements of the volume specific nucleation rate of crystalline NaCl in the aqueous solution droplets of pure NaCl suspended in an electrodynamic balance at constant temperature and humidity in the range from 250 K to 241 K. Based on these measurements, we derive the interfacial energy of crystalline NaCl dihydrate in a supersaturated NaCl solution and determined its temperature dependence. Taking into account both temperature and concentration dependence of nucleation rate coefficients, we explain the difference in the observed fractions of NaCl dihydrate reported in the previous studies. Applying the heterogeneous classical nucleation theory model, we have been able to reproduce the 5 K shift of the NaCl dihydrate efflorescence curve observed for the sea salt aerosol particles, assuming the presence of super-micron solid inclusions (hypothetically gypsum or hemihydrate of CaSO4). These results support the notion that the phase transitions in microscopic droplets of supersaturated solution should be interpreted by accounting for the stochastic nature of homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation and cannot be understood on the ground of bulk phase diagrams alone.
The new high field photoexcitation muon spectrometer at the ISIS pulsed neutron and muon source
Authors: Yokoyama K. , Lord J. S. , Murahari P. , Wang K. , Dunstan D. J. , Waller S. P. , McPhail D. J. , Hillier A. D. , Henson J. , Harper M. R. , Heathcote P. , Drew A. J.
Published: December 2016

A high power pulsed laser system has been installed on the high magnetic field muon spectrometer (HiFi) at the International Science Information Service pulsed neutron and muon source, situated at the STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in the UK. The upgrade enables one to perform light-pump muon-probe experiments under a high magnetic field, which opens new applications of muon spin spectroscopy. In this report we give an overview of the principle of the HiFi laser system and describe the newly developed techniques and devices that enable precisely controlled photoexcitation of samples in the muon instrument. A demonstration experiment illustrates the potential of this unique combination of the photoexcited system and avoided level crossing technique.
Robust spin-current injection in lateral spin valves with two-terminal Co2FeSi spin injectors
Authors: Oki S. , Kurokawa T. , Honda S. , Yamada S. , Kanashima T. , Itoh H. , Hamaya K.
Published: December 2016

We demonstrate generation and detection of pure spin currents by combining a two-terminal spin-injection technique and Co2FeSi (CFS) spin injectors in lateral spin valves (LSVs). We find that the two-terminal spin injection with CFS has the robust dependence of the nonlocal spin signals on the applied bias currents, markedly superior to the four-terminal spin injection with permalloy reported previously. In our LSVs, since the spin transfer torque from one CFS injector to another CFS one is large, the nonlocal magnetoresistance with respect to applied magnetic fields shows large asymmetry in high bias-current conditions. For utilizing multi-terminal spin injection with CFS as a method for magnetization reversals, the terminal arrangement of CFS spin injectors should be taken into account.
High-performance PbS quantum dot vertical field-effect phototransistor using graphene as a transparent electrode
Authors: Che Yongli , Zhang Yating , Cao Xiaolong , Song Xiaoxian , Zhang Haiting , Cao Mingxuan , Dai Haitao , Yang Junbo , Zhang Guizhong , Yao Jianquan
Published: December 2016

Solution processed photoactive PbS quantum dots (QDs) were used as channel in high-performance near-infrared vertical field-effect phototransistor (VFEpT) where monolayer graphene embedded as transparent electrode. In this vertical architecture, the PbS QD channel was sandwiched and naturally protected between the drain and source electrodes, which made the device ultrashort channel length (110 nm) simply the thickness of the channel layer. The VFEpT exhibited ambipolar operation with high mobilities of μe = 3.5 cm2/V s in n-channel operation and μh = 3.3 cm2/V s in p-channel operation at low operation voltages. By using the photoactive PbS QDs as channel material, the VFEpT exhibited good photoresponse properties with a responsivity of 4.2 × 102 A/W, an external quantum efficiency of 6.4 × 104% and a photodetectivity of 2.1 × 109 Jones at the light irradiance of 36 mW/cm2. Additionally, the VFEpT showed excellent on/off switching with good stability and reproducibility and fast response speed with a short rise time of 12 ms in n-channel operation and 10.6 ms in p-channel operation. These high mobilities, good photoresponse properties and simplistic fabrication of our VFEpTs provided a facile route to the high-performance inorganic photodetectors.
Temperature-dependent shape anisotropy in patterned ferromagnetic (Ga,Mn)As films with low Mn concentration
Authors: Li Xiang , Dong Sining , Liu Xinyu , Furdyna Jacek K. , Dobrowolska Margaret
Published: December 2016

We discuss magnetic properties of lithographically patterned nanoscale stripes of dilute ferromagnetic semiconductor (Ga,Mn)As aligned with [110] crystallographic direction, i.e., perpendicular to the easy axis of uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy of this material. We find that at temperatures where uniaxial anisotropy becomes dominant, shape-induced effects strongly compete with this intrinsic property, tending to align the total magnetization along the stripe direction. The present study revealed, however, that low-temperature annealing of the stripes markedly reduces such shape-induced effects. This effect of annealing is not presently understood, and will require further detailed study.
Interchange core/shell assembly of diluted magnetic semiconductor CeO2 and ferromagnetic ferrite Fe3O4 for microwave absorption
Authors: Wang Jiaheng , Zhu Pengfei , Wang Jiaqi , Or Siu Wing , Ho S. L. , Tan Jun
Published: December 2016

Core/shell-structured CeO2/Fe3O4 and Fe3O4/CeO2 nanocapsules are prepared by interchange assembly of diluted magnetic semiconductor CeO2 and ferromagnetic ferrite Fe3O4 as the core and the shell, and vice versa, using a facile two-step polar solvothermal method in order to utilize the room-temperature ferromagnetism and abundant O-vacancies in CeO2, the large natural resonance in Fe3O4, and the O-vacancy-enhanced interfacial polarization between CeO2 and Fe3O4 for new generation microwave absorbers. Comparing to Fe3O4/CeO2 nanocapsules, the CeO2/Fe3O4 nanocapsules show an improved real permittivity of 3–10% and an enhanced dielectric resonance of 1.5 times at 15.3 GHz due to the increased O-vacancy concentration in the CeO2 cores of larger grains as well as the O-vacancy-induced enhancement in interfacial polarization between the CeO2 cores and the Fe3O4 shells, respectively. Both nanocapsules exhibit relatively high permeability in the low-frequency S and C microwave bands as a result of the bi-magnetic core/shell combination of CeO2 and Fe3O4. The CeO2/Fe3O4 nanocapsules effectively enhance permittivity and permeability in the high-frequency Ku band with interfacial polarization and natural resonance at ∼15 GHz, thereby improving absorption with a large reflection loss of -28.9 dB at 15.3 GHz. Experimental and theoretical comparisons with CeO2 and Fe3O4 nanoparticles are also made.
High mobility BaSnO3 films and field effect transistors on non-perovskite MgO substrate
Authors: Shin Juyeon , Kim Young Mo , Kim Youjung , Park Chulkwon , Char Kookrin
Published: December 2016

(Ba,La)SnO3 is a wide bandgap semiconducting perovskite oxide with high electron mobility and excellent oxygen stability. The carrier modulation of (Ba,La)SnO3 channel by field effect on perovskite SrTiO3 substrates has been demonstrated in the recent reports. Here we report that (Ba,La)SnO3 on non-perovskite MgO substrate can also exhibit a high electron mobility and excellent carrier modulation by field, an important step towards scaling up for wafer-size processing. We optimized the undoped buffer layer thickness and measured the transport properties as a function of the La doping. The maximum mobility is 97.2 cm2/Vs at 2.53×1020/cm3. The transmission electron microscope images show that the films are epitaxial with about 2×1011/cm2 threading dislocation density. The field effect device based on the (Ba,La)SnO3 channel on MgO substrates is modulated with a high mobility of 43.9 cm2/Vs and Ion/Ioff of about 3.0×107.
Magnetic stripes and holes: Complex domain patterns in perforated films with weak perpendicular anisotropy
Authors: Valdés-Bango F. , Vélez M. , Alvarez-Prado L. M. , Alameda J. M. , Martín J. I.
Published: December 2016

Hexagonal antidot arrays have been patterned on weak perpendicular magnetic anisotropy NdCo films by e-beam lithography and lift off. Domain structure has been characterized by Magnetic Force Microscopy at remanence. On a local length scale, of the order of stripe pattern period, domain configuration is controlled by edge effects within the stripe pattern: stripe domains meet the hole boundary at either perpendicular or parallel orientation. On a longer length scale, in-plane magnetostatic effects dominate the system: clear superdomains are observed in the patterned film with average in-plane magnetization along the easy directions of the antidot array, correlated over several antidot array cells.
Thickness dependence of solid-state single crystal conversion in magnetostrictive Fe-Ga alloy from thin foil to thick sheet
Authors: Na Suok-Min , Flatau Alison
Published: December 2016

Abnormal grain growth (AGG) is a highly promising process for solid state conversion of polycrystals into single crystals in ceramic and in-metallic materials. In this paper we investigate AGG behaviors in NbC-added Fe-Ga rolled sheets with varying thicknesses for converting polycrystalline ingots of Fe-Ga alloy into single-crystal-like rolled sheet for application as the transduction components in low-cost magnetostrictive devices. Magnetostriction values of greater than 200 ppm resulted from AGG of a large single Goss grain, (011)[100], in 0.35-mm to 0.60-mm thick sheet samples annealed at 1200oC. Samples thinner than 0.35 mm or thicker than 0.60 mm developed (113)[uvw]-oriented grain growth or random orientations with low magnetostriction values. In order to understand how thickness influences grain growth behaviors, a total interface energy model has been developed that combines both grain boundary and surface energies. We investigated the hypothesis that surface energy differences between grains in conjunction with grain boundary energy act as the driving force underlying the ability to selectively develop AGG and even to promote single-crystal-like grain growth. Results obtained from modeling simulation demonstrate that the extent of the matrix consumed with AGG was determined by controlling surface energy which plays a major role in accelerating AGG beyond what is achieved with the effects of just grain boundary energy.
Kondo-like behavior and GMR effect in granular Cu90Co10 microwires
Authors: Zhukova V. , Mino J. , del Val J. J. , Varga R. , Martinez G. , Baibich M. , Ipatov M. , Zhukov A.
Published: December 2016

We observed a significant increase of the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effect (up to 32% after the adequate annealing) and Kondo-like behavior in Cu90Co10 glass-coated microwires. Observed enhancement of the GMR effect can be interpreted considering the formation of the fine Co grains inside the Cu matrix as well as appearance of lamellar nanostructures allowing enhancement of the MR effect after annealing. Observed experimental data are discussed considering the regions with higher Co-ions content responsible for the presence of Co inhomogeneities or clusters and the regions with lower Co-ions content behaving as the magnetic impurities in the metallic host. Observed resistivity minimum on temperature dependence can be described considering Kondo effect mechanism involving magnetic impurities in metals. But the other mechanisms responsible for the resistivity minimum have been considered.
Vortex motion in amorphous ferrimagnetic thin film elements
Authors: Oezelt Harald , Kirk Eugenie , Wohlhüter Phillip , Müller Elisabeth , Heyderman Laura Jane , Kovacs Alexander , Schrefl Thomas
Published: December 2016

Amorphous Fe64Gd36 thin film square elements are investigated by imaging in the Fresnel mode of a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The equilibrium state without an applied field shows the well-known four-domain flux closure pattern with in-plane magnetization. However, the vortex is displaced from the center of the square element and the domain walls are curved. In a reference measurement of a thin Ni81Fe19 element, the vortex core is perfectly centered and the domain walls straight. When an increasing external field is applied in-plane, the vortex core can be moved. While this motion of the vortex core is linear in NiFe elements, in the ferrimagnetic FeGd squares the vortex core moves by sudden jumps. Micromagnetic simulations show that the asymmetry of the domain patterns as well as the vortex core pinning and depinning can be attributed to random anisotropy and a patchy microstructure in amorphous films.
Nonlinear vibration of an axially loaded beam carrying rigid bodies
Authors: Barry O.
Published: December 2016

This paper investigates the nonlinear vibration due to mid-plane stretching of an axially loaded simply supported beam carrying multiple rigid masses. Explicit expressions and closed form solutions of both linear and nonlinear analysis of the present vibration problem are presented for the first time. The validity of the analytical model is demonstrated using finite element analysis and via comparison with the result in the literature. Parametric studies are conducted to examine how the nonlinear frequency and frequency response curve are affected by tension, rotational inertia, and number of intermediate rigid bodies.
Spin transfer driven resonant expulsion of a magnetic vortex core for efficient rf detector
Authors: Menshawy S. , Jenkins A. S. , Merazzo K. J. , Vila L. , Ferreira R. , Cyrille M.-C. , Ebels U. , Bortolotti P. , Kermorvant J. , Cros V.
Published: December 2016

Spin transfer magnetization dynamics have led to considerable advances in Spintronics, including opportunities for new nanoscale radiofrequency devices. Among the new functionalities is the radiofrequency (rf) detection using the spin diode rectification effect in spin torque nano-oscillators (STNOs). In this study, we focus on a new phenomenon, the resonant expulsion of a magnetic vortex in STNOs. This effect is observed when the excitation vortex radius, due to spin torques associated to rf currents, becomes larger than the actual radius of the STNO. This vortex expulsion is leading to a sharp variation of the voltage at the resonant frequency. Here we show that the detected frequency can be tuned by different parameters; furthermore, a simultaneous detection of different rf signals can be achieved by real time measurements with several STNOs having different diameters. This result constitutes a first proof-of-principle towards the development of a new kind of nanoscale rf threshold detector.
Effect of Mg-Al insertion on magnetotransport properties in epitaxial Fe/sputter-deposited MgAl2O4/Fe(001) magnetic tunnel junctions
Authors: Belmoubarik Mohamed , Sukegawa Hiroaki , Ohkubo Tadakatsu , Mitani Seiji , Hono Kazuhiro
Published: December 2016

We investigated the effect of an Mg-Al layer insertion at the bottom interface of epitaxial Fe/MgAl2O4/Fe(001) magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) on their spin-dependent transport properties. The tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) ratio and differential conductance spectra for the parallel magnetic configuration exhibited clear dependence on the inserted Mg-Al thickness. A slight Mg-Al insertion (thickness < 0.1 nm) was effective for obtaining a large TMR ratio above 200% at room temperature and observing a distinct local minimum structure in conductance spectra. In contrast, thicker Mg-Al (> 0.2 nm) induced a reduction of TMR ratios and featureless conductance spectra, indicating a degradation of the bottom-Fe/MgAl2O4 interface. Therefore, a minimal Mg-Al insertion was found to be effective to maximize the TMR ratio for a sputtered MgAl2O4-based MTJ.
A model predictive current control of flux-switching permanent magnet machines for torque ripple minimization
Authors: Huang Wentao , Hua Wei , Yu Feng
Published: December 2016

Due to high airgap flux density generated by magnets and the special double salient structure, the cogging torque of the flux-switching permanent magnet (FSPM) machine is considerable, which limits the further applications. Based on the model predictive current control (MPCC) and the compensation control theory, a compensating-current MPCC (CC-MPCC) scheme is proposed and implemented to counteract the dominated components in cogging torque of an existing three-phase 12/10 FSPM prototyped machine, and thus to alleviate the influence of the cogging torque and improve the smoothness of electromagnetic torque as well as speed, where a comprehensive cost function is designed to evaluate the switching states. The simulated results indicate that the proposed CC-MPCC scheme can suppress the torque ripple significantly and offer satisfactory dynamic performances by comparisons with the conventional MPCC strategy. Finally, experimental results validate both the theoretical and simulated predictions.
The magnetic properties of MMCo5 (MM=Mischmetal) nanoflakes prepared by multistep (three steps) surfactant-assisted ball milling
Authors: Zhao X. , Zuo W. L. , Zhang M. , Liu D. , Xiong J. F. , Shang R. X. , Zhang J. , Zhao T. Y. , Sun J. R. , Shen B. G.
Published: December 2016

The hard magnetic MMCo5 nanoflakes with high coercivity and narrow size distribution have been successfully obtained by three steps surfactant-assisted ball milling (SABM). The magnetic properties, phase structure and morphology of these MMCo5 nanoflakes were studied in this work. The coercivity and the remanence ratio of MMCo5 nanoflakes reached to 5.89 kOe and 0.75, respectively. The X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) patterns indicated that the MMCo5 nanoflakes were CaCu5-type hexagonal crystal structure. The average thickness, in-plane size and aspect ratio reached to 20 nm, 0.9 μm and 60, respectively. The low cost and great properties of MMCo5 nanoflakes with a centralized thickness distribution could be the building blocks for the future high-performance nanocomposite permanent magnets with an enhanced energy product.
Domain wall fringe field coupled spin logic
Authors: Hung Yu-Ming , Kent Andrew D.
Published: December 2016

A class of spin logic devices based on the spin-orbit induced spin-transfer torques requires magnetic coupling between electrically isolated ferromagnetic elements. Here we use micromagnetic modeling to study the magnetic coupling induced by fringe fields from chiral domain walls in perpendicularly magnetized nanowires. These domains can be displaced using spin-orbit torques from a proximal heavy metal layer. For a 16 nm width wire that is 1 nm thick, we find that spin-orbit torques induced domain wall propagation can reliably switch a proximal 16 nm diameter 1 nm thick nanomagnet. These results show a promising means of implementing spin logic with spin-orbit torques using elements with perpendicular magnetization, which does not require an applied magnetic field.
Eddy current loss in double-sided cored slotless type permanent magnet linear synchronous generator using analytical method
Authors: Jang Gang-Hyeon , Koo Min-Mo , Seo Sung-Won , Hong Keyyong , Choi Jang-Young
Published: December 2016

This paper describes the eddy current loss analysis of a double-sided cored slotless-type permanent magnet linear synchronous generator using the space harmonic method. To calculate the eddy current, an analytical solution was derived by applying the Maxwell equation, magnetic vector potential, and Faraday’s law in a two-dimensional (2-D) Cartesian coordinate system. Based on the armature reaction field distribution produced by the armature winding current, we obtained an analytical solution for the eddy current density distribution. Then, an analytical solution for eddy current loss induced in a permanent magnet (PM) was derived using the equivalent electrical resistance calculated from the PM’s volume and eddy current density distribution solution. Finally, the resulting current was determined based on analysis of the eddy current loss. The analytical results produced using this application of the space harmonic method were validated extensively through comparison with finite element method results.
Maghemite nanoparticles bearing di(amidoxime) groups for the extraction of uranium from wastewaters
Authors: Mazarío Eva , Helal Ahmed S. , Stemper Jeremy , Mayoral Alvaro , Decorse Philippe , Chevillot-Biraud Alexandre , Novak Sophie , Perruchot Christian , Lion Claude , Losno Rémi , Le Gall Thierry , Ammar Souad , El Hage Chahine Jean-Michel , Hémadi Miryana
Published: December 2016

Polyamidoximes (pAMD) are known to have strong affinities for uranyl cations. Grafting pAMD onto the surface of functionalized maghemite nanoparticles (MNP) leads to a nanomaterial with high capacities in the extraction of uranium from wastewaters by magnetic sedimentation. A diamidoxime (dAMD) specifically synthesized for this purpose showed a strong affinity for uranyl: Ka = 105 M-1 as determined by Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (nano-ITC). The dAMD was grafted onto the surface of MNP and the obtained sorbent (MNP-dAMD) was characterized. The nanohybrids were afterward incubated with different concentrations of uranyl and the solid phase recovered by magnetic separation. This latter was characterized by zeta-potential measurements, X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and X-Ray Fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), whereas the supernatant was analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma coupled to Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). All the data fitted the models of Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms very well. These isotherms allowed us to evaluate the efficiency of the adsorption of uranium by MNP-dAMD. The saturation sorption capacity (qmax) was determined. It indicates that MNP-dAMD is able to extract up to 120 mg of uranium per gram of sorbent. Spherical aberration (Cs)-corrected High-Resolution Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRSTEM) confirmed these results and clearly showed that uranium is confined at the surface of the sorbent. Thus, MNP-dAMD presents a strong potential for the extraction of uranium from wastewaters.
Band-notched ultrawide band antenna loaded with ferrite slab
Authors: Wang Hao , Zong Weihua , Sun Nian X. , Lin Hwaider , Li Shandong
Published: December 2016

In this paper, a novel technique to design a band-notched UWB antenna by using Yttrium Iron Garnet (YIG) ferrite is proposed. A printed slot UWB antenna with size of 21mm×26 mm×0.8 mm is adopted as a basic antenna. A piece of ferrite slab with size of 5 mm×10 mm×2 mm is attached on the feeding layer of the antenna to achieve band-notched characteristics. The measured -10 dB bandwidth of the antenna without ferrite slab is 2.91-10.98 GHz. With loading of ferrite slab, the bandwidth turns to 2.73-5.12 and 5.87-10.78 GHz. A band notch of 5.12- 5.87 GHz is achieved to filter WLAN 5 GHz (5.15-5.825 GHz) band. The proposed technique has virtue of easy fabrication and keeping antenna miniaturization.
Effect of partial saturation of bonded neo magnet on the automotive accessory motor
Authors: Sheth Nimitkumar K. , Angara Raghu C. S. Babu
Published: December 2016

In this paper the effects of using a partially magnetized bonded neo (NdFeB) magnet in an automotive accessory motor are presented. The potential reason for partial saturation of the bonded neo magnet is explained and a simple method to ensure saturation of the magnet is discussed. A magnetizing fixture design using the 2-D Finite element analysis (FEA) is presented. The motor performance at various magnet saturation levels has been estimated using the 2-D FEA. Details of the thermal demagnetization test adopted by the automotive industry is also discussed and results of the motor performance for four saturation levels are detailed. These results indicate that the effect of demagnetization is more adverse in a motor with partially saturated magnets.
Perpendicularly magnetized YIG-film resonators and waveguides with high operating power
Authors: Balinskiy M. , Mongolov B. , Gutierrez D. , Chiang H. , Slavin A. , Khitun A.
Published: December 2016

We propose a novel technique for building YIG film-based resonators and waveguides for high power operating microwave devices. Our approach is based on the effect of total internal reflection (TIR) at the interface between the non-metalized and metalized regions of YIG film, which take place for forward volume magnetostatic spin waves in perpendicularly magnetized YIG films. Prototype resonators and waveguides were designed, fabricated, and tested. The obtained experimental data demonstrate high quality factor of 50 dB and a high power operation up to +15 dBm in the frequency range from 1.8 GHz to 5.1 GHz. Application of such resonators and waveguides in electrically tunable microwave oscillators promises an extremely low phase noises about −135 dB/Hz at 10 kHz offset.
Back-EMF waveform optimization of flux-reversal permanent magnet machines
Authors: Zhu Xiaofeng , Hua Wei
Published: December 2016

Due to the special doubly-salient structure, flux-reversal permanent magnet (FRPM) machines typically suffer from relatively large torque and speed ripples, as well as acoustic noise and vibration, especially at low speeds. As one of the main sources of torque ripples, harmonics in phase back electro-motive-force (EMF) should be suppressed as much as possible in order to produce a smooth torque. In this paper, an improved configuration of FRPM machine is proposed by introducing a small space-gap between the two adjacent magnets belonging to the same stator tooth to improve the symmetry of phase back-EMF waveform. The influence of the small space-gap on phase back-EMF waveform is evaluated by employing 2D finite element analysis (FEA), and consequently, an optimal value of space-gap for a more sinusoidal back-EMF waveform is obtained.
Future urban land expansion and implications for global croplands
Authors: Bren d’Amour Christopher , Reitsma Femke , Baiocchi Giovanni , Barthel Stephan , Güneralp Burak , Erb Karl-Heinz , Haberl Helmut , Creutzig Felix , Seto Karen C.
Published: December 2016

Significance

Urbanization’s contribution to land use change emerges as an important sustainability concern. Here, we demonstrate that projected urban area expansion will take place on some of the world’s most productive croplands, in particular in megaurban regions in Asia and Africa. This dynamic adds pressure to potentially strained future food systems and threatens livelihoods in vulnerable regions.
Climate change damages to Alaska public infrastructure and the economics of proactive adaptation
Authors: Melvin April M. , Larsen Peter , Boehlert Brent , Neumann James E. , Chinowsky Paul , Espinet Xavier , Martinich Jeremy , Baumann Matthew S. , Rennels Lisa , Bothner Alexandra , Nicolsky Dmitry J. , Marchenko Sergey S.
Published: December 2016

Significance

Climate change in Alaska is causing widespread environmental change that is damaging critical infrastructure. As climate change continues, infrastructure may become more vulnerable to damage, increasing risks to residents and resulting in large economic impacts. We quantified the potential economic damages to Alaska public infrastructure resulting from climate-driven changes in flooding, precipitation, near-surface permafrost thaw, and freeze–thaw cycles using high and low future climate scenarios. Additionally, we estimated coastal erosion losses for villages known to be at risk. Our findings suggest that the largest climate damages will result from flooding of roads followed by substantial near-surface permafrost thaw-related damage to buildings. Proactive adaptation efforts as well as global action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions could considerably reduce these damages.
Two independent S-phase checkpoints regulate appressorium-mediated plant infection by the rice blast fungus
Magnaporthe oryzae
Authors: Osés-Ruiz Míriam , Sakulkoo Wasin , Littlejohn George R. , Martin-Urdiroz Magdalena , Talbot Nicholas J.
Published: December 2016

Significance

Rice blast is a devastating fungal disease of cultivated rice, and its control is vital to ensure global food security. In an effort to understand how the rice blast fungus causes disease, we have investigated how the cell cycle controls the early stages of plant infection. The rice blast fungus develops a special cell, called an appressorium, to infect rice leaves. This structure generates enormous pressure, which the fungus applies as physical force to puncture the leaf surface. We have shown that a buildup of pressure in the appressorium is necessary to trigger an unusual cell-cycle checkpoint that is necessary for the appressorium to function properly. If this process is blocked, rice blast disease cannot occur.
Reversal of a cyanobacterial bloom in response to early warnings
Authors: Pace Michael L. , Batt Ryan D. , Buelo Cal D. , Carpenter Stephen R. , Cole Jonathan J. , Kurtzweil Jason T. , Wilkinson Grace M.
Published: December 2016

Significance

Blooms of cyanobacteria in lakes and reservoirs cause fish kills and pose toxicity risk for humans, livestock, and wildlife. Theory suggests that blooms may be anticipated in advance by calculating resilience indicators using high-frequency observations of pigments in lake water. However, it is not known whether management can prevent blooms once indicators are detected. We measured these indicators while gradually enriching a lake until a bloom was triggered. When indicators passed a preset threshold, nutrient input was stopped. This action reversed the bloom, showing that monitoring of resilience indicators followed by prompt action when limits are exceeded can be useful in management. However, in practice, the risk of blooms may best be prevented by reducing inputs of nutrients.
Origin of hydrophobicity and enhanced water hydrogen bond strength near purely hydrophobic solutes
Authors: Grdadolnik Joze , Merzel Franci , Avbelj Franc
Published: December 2016

Significance

Hydrophobicity governs a wide range of fundamental physicochemical processes, but its physical origin is unclear. The classical explanation of hydrophobicity is that tiny “icebergs” are formed near such solutes; however, no experimental proof has been advanced for their existence. Here, we used four small purely hydrophobic solutes (methane, ethane, krypton, and xenon) in water to study hydrophobicity at the most fundamental level. We present unequivocal experimental proof for strengthened water hydrogen bonds near purely hydrophobic solutes, matching those in ice and clathrates. The water molecules involved in the enhanced hydrogen bonds display extensive structural ordering resembling that in clathrates, thus indicating the fundamental interconnection between electrostatic screening (shielding) and the hydrophobic effect.