bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fabrication and microfluidic analysis of graphene-based molecular communication receiver for Internet of Nano Things (IoNT)
Authors: Kuscu Murat , Ramezani Hamideh , Dinc Ergin , Akhavan Shahab , Akan Ozgur B.
Published: October 2021

Bio-inspired molecular communications (MC), where molecules are used to transfer information, is the most promising technique to realise the Internet of Nano Things (IoNT), thanks to its inherent biocompatibility, energy-efficiency, and reliability in physiologically-relevant environments. Despite a substantial body of theoretical work concerning MC, the lack of practical micro/nanoscale MC devices and MC testbeds has led researchers to make overly simplifying assumptions about the implications of the channel conditions and the physical architectures of the practical transceivers in developing theoretical models and devising communication methods for MC. On the other hand, MC imposes unique challenges resulting from the highly complex, nonlinear, time-varying channel properties that cannot be always tackled by conventional information and communication tools and technologies (ICT). As a result, the reliability of the existing MC methods, which are mostly adopted from electromagnetic communications and not validated with practical testbeds, is highly questionable. As the first step to remove this discrepancy, in this study, we report on the fabrication of a nanoscale MC receiver based on graphene field-effect transistor biosensors. We perform its ICT characterisation in a custom-designed microfluidic MC system with the information encoded into the concentration of single-stranded DNA molecules. This experimental platform is the first practical implementation of a micro/nanoscale MC system with nanoscale MC receivers, and can serve as a testbed for developing realistic MC methods and IoNT applications.
Mapping of mothers' suffering and child mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Hailu Bayuh Asmamaw , Ketema Gebremariam , Beyene Joseph
Published: October 2021

Child death and mothers who suffer from child death are a public health concern in Sub-Saharan Africa. The location and associated factors of child death and mothers who suffer child death were not identified. To monitor and prioritize effective interventions, it is important to identify hotspots areas and associated factors. Data from nationally representative demographic and health survey and Multiple Indicator Cluster administrated in 42 Sub-Sahara Africa countries, which comprised a total of 398,574 mothers with 1,521,312 children. Spatial heterogeneity conducted hotspot regions identified. A mixed-effect regression model was run, and the adjusted ratio with corresponding 95% confidence intervals was estimated. The prevalence of mothers who suffer child death 27% and 45–49 year of age mother 48%. In Niger, 47% of mothers were suffering child death. Women being without HIV knowledge, stunted, wasted, uneducated, not household head, poor, from rural, and from subtropical significantly increased the odds of the case (P < 0.05). The spatial analysis can support the design and prioritization of interventions. Multispectral interventions for mothers who suffer from child death are urgently needed, improve maternal health and it will reduce the future risk of cases.
Alveolar socket healing in 5-lipoxygenase knockout aged female mice treated or not with high dose of zoledronic acid
Authors: Mahmoud Ramez H. , Biguetti Claudia C. , Simionato Gustavo B. , Custódio Isabela C. , Silva Raquel B. P. , Duarte Marco A. H. , Faverani Leonardo P. , Ervolino Edilson , Fakhouri Walid D. , Matsumoto Mariza A.
Published: October 2021

This study investigated the role 5-lypoxigenase (5-LO) on alveolar socket healing in aged female mice treated with zoledronic acid (ZL). Forty 129/Sv female mice (64–68 weeks old), 20 wild type (WT) and 20 5-LO knockout (5LOKO) were equally distributed according to ZL treatment: WT Control, WT ZL, 5LOKO Control, and 5LOKO ZL. ZL groups were treated with an intraperitoneal injection of 250 µg/Kg of ZL, while controls were treated with saline. Treatments were administered once a week, starting four weeks before surgery for tooth extraction and until 7 and 21 days post-surgery. Mice were euthanized for a comprehensive microscopic analysis (microCT, histomorphometry and immunohistochemistry). WT ZL mice presented intense inflammatory infiltrate (7 days), delayed bone formation (21 days), reduced collagenous matrix quality, and a deficiency in Runx-2 + , TRAP + , and macrophages as compared to controls. 5LOKO ZL animals presented decreased number of Runx-2 + cells in comparison to 5LOKO Control at 7 days, but no major changes in bone healing as compared to WT or 5LOKO mice at 21 days. The knockout of 5LO favored intramembranous bone healing in aged female mice, with a direct impact on inflammatory response and bone metabolism on the development of ONJ-like lesions.
Environmental regulations, capacity utilization, and high-quality development of manufacturing: an analysis based on Chinese provincial panel data
Authors: Wang Hongyang , Li Baizhou
Published: October 2021

The high-quality development of the manufacturing industry is an important strategic task for Chinese economic development. The rapid development of the manufacturing industry is also accompanied by problems such as overcapacity and environmental pollution. This paper analyzes the impact of capacity utilization on the high-quality development of manufacturing and establishes a nonlinear threshold regression model on this basis, and studies and analyzes environmental regulations as a threshold variable under the influence of capacity utilization rate on the high-quality development of the manufacturing industry. The research results show that: capacity utilization, profitability, foreign direct investment, and government participation all have a significant positive impact on the high-quality development of the manufacturing industry; environmental regulations have a significant negative impact on the high-quality development of the manufacturing industry. And in the model of the effect of capacity utilization on the high-quality development of the manufacturing industry, environmental regulation has a single threshold effect. With the increase in the intensity of environmental regulation, the coefficient and significance of the effect of capacity utilization on the high-quality development of the manufacturing industry have changed. Finally, this article puts forward corresponding policies and suggestions based on the results of data analysis.
Effects of ergotamine on the central nervous system using untargeted metabolomics analysis in a mouse model
Authors: Reddy Priyanka , Vincent Delphine , Hemsworth Joanne , Ezernieks Vilnis , Guthridge Kathryn , Spangenberg German C. , Rochfort Simone J.
Published: October 2021

The ergot alkaloid ergotamine is produced by Claviceps purpurea, a parasitic fungus that commonly infects crops and pastures of high agricultural and economic importance. In humans and livestock, symptoms of ergotism include necrosis and gangrene, high blood pressure, heart rate, thermoregulatory dysfunction and hallucinations. However, ergotamine is also used in pharmaceutical applications to treat migraines and stop post-partum hemorrhage. To define its effects, metabolomic profiling of the brain was undertaken to determine pathways perturbed by ergotamine treatment. Metabolomic profiling identified the brainstem and cerebral cortex as regions with greatest variation. In the brainstem, dysregulation of the neurotransmitter epinephrine, and the psychoactive compound 2-arachidonylglycerol was identified. In the cerebral cortex, energy related metabolites isobutyryl-L-carnitine and S-3-oxodecanoyl cysteamine were affected and concentrations of adenylosuccinate, a metabolite associated with mental retardation, were higher. This study demonstrates, for the first time, key metabolomic pathways involved in the behavioural and physiological dysfunction of ergot alkaloid intoxicated animals.
Productive visualization of high-throughput sequencing data using the SeqCode open portable platform
Authors: Blanco Enrique , González-Ramírez Mar , Di Croce Luciano
Published: October 2021

Large-scale sequencing techniques to chart genomes are entirely consolidated. Stable computational methods to perform primary tasks such as quality control, read mapping, peak calling, and counting are likewise available. However, there is a lack of uniform standards for graphical data mining, which is also of central importance. To fill this gap, we developed SeqCode, an open suite of applications that analyzes sequencing data in an elegant but efficient manner. Our software is a portable resource written in ANSI C that can be expected to work for almost all genomes in any computational configuration. Furthermore, we offer a user-friendly front-end web server that integrates SeqCode functions with other graphical analysis tools. Our analysis and visualization toolkit represents a significant improvement in terms of performance and usability as compare to other existing programs. Thus, SeqCode has the potential to become a key multipurpose instrument for high-throughput professional analysis; further, it provides an extremely useful open educational platform for the world-wide scientific community. SeqCode website is hosted at http://ldicrocelab.crg.eu, and the source code is freely distributed at https://github.com/eblancoga/seqcode.
Efficacy and side effects of bio-fabricated sardine fish scale silver nanoparticles against malarial vector Anopheles stephensi
Authors: Murugan Kadarkarai , Subramaniam Jayapal , Rajaganesh Rajapandian , Panneerselvam Chellasamy , Amuthavalli Pandiyan , Vasanthakumaran Murugan , Jayashanthini Sudalaimani , Dinesh Devakumar , Anitha Jaganathan , Wang Lan , Hwang Jiang-Shiou , Dahms Hans-Uwe , Mudigonda Sunaina , Aziz Al Thabiani
Published: October 2021

Mosquitoes are a great menace for humankind since they transmit pathogenic organisms causing Malaria, Dengue, Chikungunya, Elephantiasis and Japanese encephalitis. There is an urgent need to discover new and novel biological tools to mitigate mosquito-borne diseases. To develop bioinsecticides through newly developed nanotechnology is another option in the present research scenario. In this study we synthesize and characterize sardine fish scales with silver nitrate by adopting various instrumental techniques such as UV- and FTIR-spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray (EDAX), X-ray diffraction analyses (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Toxicity bioassays were conducted with young developmental stages of mosquito vectors. Significant mortality appeared after different life stages of mosquito vectors (young larval and pupal instars were exposed to the nanomaterials). LC50 values were 13.261 ppm for young first instar larvae and 32.182 ppm for pupae. Feeding and predatory potential of G. affinis, before and after exposure to nanoparticles against mosquito larval (I & II) instars of the mosquitoes showed promising results in laboratory experiments. Feeding potential of mosquito fish without nanoparticle treatment was 79.7% and 70.55% for the first and second instar larval populations respectively. At the nanoparticle-exposed situation the predatory efficiency of mosquitofish was 94.15% and 84.3%, respectively. Antioxidant enzymes like (SOD), (CAT), and (LPO) were estimated in the gill region of sardine fish in control and experimental waters. A significant reduction of egg hatchability was evident after nanoparticle application. It became evident from this study that the nano-fabricated materials provide suitable tools to control the malaria vector Anopheles stephensi in the aquatic phase of its life cycle. This finding suggests an effective novel approach to mosquito control.
Time-gated Raman spectroscopy and proteomics analyses of hypoxic and normoxic renal carcinoma extracellular vesicles
Authors: Samoylenko Anatoliy , Kögler Martin , Zhyvolozhnyi Artem , Makieieva Olha , Bart Geneviève , Andoh Sampson S. , Roussey Matthieu , Vainio Seppo J. , Hiltunen Jussi
Published: October 2021

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent a diverse group of small membrane-encapsulated particles involved in cell–cell communication, but the technologies to characterize EVs are still limited. Hypoxia is a typical condition in solid tumors, and cancer-derived EVs support tumor growth and invasion of tissues by tumor cells. We found that exposure of renal adenocarcinoma cells to hypoxia induced EV secretion and led to notable changes in the EV protein cargo in comparison to normoxia. Proteomics analysis showed overrepresentation of proteins involved in adhesion, such as integrins, in hypoxic EV samples. We further assessed the efficacy of time-gated Raman spectroscopy (TG-RS) and surface-enhanced time-gated Raman spectroscopy (TG-SERS) to characterize EVs. While the conventional continuous wave excitation Raman spectroscopy did not provide a notable signal, prominent signals were obtained with the TG-RS that were further enhanced in the TG-SERS. The Raman signal showed characteristic changes in the amide regions due to alteration in the chemical bonds of the EV proteins. The results illustrate that the TG-RS and the TG-SERS are promising label free technologies to study cellular impact of external stimuli, such as oxygen deficiency, on EV production, as well as differences arising from distinct EV purification protocols.
Controlling for background genetic effects using polygenic scores improves the power of genome-wide association studies
Authors: Bennett Declan , O’Shea Donal , Ferguson John , Morris Derek , Seoighe Cathal
Published: October 2021

Ongoing increases in the size of human genotype and phenotype collections offer the promise of improved understanding of the genetics of complex diseases. In addition to the biological insights that can be gained from the nature of the variants that contribute to the genetic component of complex trait variability, these data bring forward the prospect of predicting complex traits and the risk of complex genetic diseases from genotype data. Here we show that advances in phenotype prediction can be applied to improve the power of genome-wide association studies. We demonstrate a simple and efficient method to model genetic background effects using polygenic scores derived from SNPs that are not on the same chromosome as the target SNP. Using simulated and real data we found that this can result in a substantial increase in the number of variants passing genome-wide significance thresholds. This increase in power to detect trait-associated variants also translates into an increase in the accuracy with which the resulting polygenic score predicts the phenotype from genotype data. Our results suggest that advances in methods for phenotype prediction can be exploited to improve the control of background genetic effects, leading to more accurate GWAS results and further improvements in phenotype prediction.
Using fecal immunochemical tubes for the analysis of the gut microbiome has the potential to improve colorectal cancer screening
Authors: Krigul Kertu Liis , Aasmets Oliver , Lüll Kreete , Org Tõnis , Org Elin
Published: October 2021

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a challenging public health problem which successful treatment depends on the stage at diagnosis. Recently, CRC-specific microbiome signatures have been proposed as a marker for CRC detection. Since many countries have initiated CRC screening programs, it would be useful to analyze the microbiome in the samples collected in fecal immunochemical test (FIT) tubes for fecal occult blood testing. Therefore, we investigated the impact of FIT tubes and stabilization buffer on the microbial community structure evaluated in stool samples from 30 volunteers and compared the detected communities to those of fresh-frozen samples, highlighting previously published cancer-specific communities. Altogether, 214 samples were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, including positive and negative controls. Our results indicated that the variation between individuals was greater than the differences introduced by the collection strategy. The vast majority of the genera were stable for up to 7 days. None of the changes observed between fresh-frozen samples and FIT tube specimens were related to previously identified CRC-specific bacteria. Overall, we show that FIT tubes can be used for profiling the microbiota in CRC screening programs. This circumvents the need to collect additional samples and can possibly improve the sensitivity of CRC detection.
Possible warming effect of fine particulate matter in the atmosphere
Authors: Chen Shau-Liang , Chang Sih-Wei , Chen Yen-Jen , Chen Hsuen-Li
Published: October 2021

Particulate matter emitted through human activities not only pollutes the air, but also cools the Earth by scattering shortwave solar radiation. However, coarser dust particles have been found to exert a warming effect that could, to some extent compensate for the cooling effect of fine dust. Here we investigate the radiative effects of sulfate containing aerosols of various sizes and core/shell structures using Mie scattering and three-dimensional finite difference time domain simulations of the electromagnetic fields inside and around particulate matter particles. We find that not only coarse dust, but also fine non-light-absorbing inorganic aerosols such as sulfate can have a warming effect. Specifically, although the opacity of fine particles decreases at longer wavelengths, they can strongly absorb and re-emit thermal radiation under resonance conditions at long wavelength. We suggest that these effects need to be taken into account when assessing the contribution of aerosols to climate change.
N-Donor stabilized tin(ii) cations as efficient ROP catalysts for the synthesis of linear and star-shaped PLAsviathe activated monomer mechanism
Authors: Novák Miroslav , Turek Jan , Milasheuskaya Yaraslava , Růžičková Zdeňka , Podzimek Štěpán , Jambor Roman
Published: October 2021

N-donor stabilized tin(ii) cations were synthesized by a chloride abstraction from neutral complexes or by an auto-ionization concept. Prepared tin(ii) cations are universal catalysts for the production of linear and star-shaped PLAsviaROP.
TEMPO-radical-bearing metal–organic frameworks and covalent organic frameworks for catalytic applications
Authors: Lee Jonghyeon , Hong Seungpyo , Heo Yoonji , Kang Houng , Kim Min
Published: October 2021

This perspective article focuses on TEMPO-bearing MOFs and COFs for use in catalytic applications.
Pollutants transformation by metal nanoparticles in confined nanospaces
Authors: Shi Junming , Teng Wei , Deng Zilong , Koel Bruce E. , Zhang Wei-xian
Published: October 2021

Emerging environmental applications of confined-MNP nanomaterials and the chemistry of the confinement effects.
Bi2O3/TiO2@reduced graphene oxide with enzyme-like properties efficiently inactivates Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 and enhances abiotic stress tolerance in tomato
Authors: Yu Hui , Wang Lei , Qu Jianhua , Wang Xu , Huang Fuxin , Jiao Yaqi , Zhang Ying
Published: October 2021

This study aimed to evaluate the potential role of Bi2O3/TiO2@reduced graphene oxide (rGO) in the antibacterial activity of the typical plant pathogenic bacteria Pst.DC3000 and the enhancement of tomato resistance to pathogenic bacteria.
Assessment of toxicity of metal oxide and hydroxide nanoparticles using the QSAR modeling approach
Authors: Roy Joyita , Roy Kunal
Published: October 2021

In the present study, QSAR models were developed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of MeOx NPs towards RAW 264.7 cells and to propose a short mechanism to determine the cause of cellular toxicity by the MeOx NPs.
Development of a rapid pre-concentration protocol and a magnetic beads-based RNA extraction method for SARS-CoV-2 detection in raw municipal wastewater
Authors: Parra-Guardado A. L. , Sweeney C. L. , Hayes E. K. , Trueman B. F. , Huang Y. , Jamieson R. C. , Rand J. L. , Gagnon G. A. , Stoddart A. K.
Published: October 2021

We demonstrate the application of a rapid pre-concentration protocol and a magnetic bead-based RNA extraction method for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA from raw wastewater without the need for extensive sample treatment.
Fabrication of a ferritin–casein phosphopeptide–calcium shell–core composite as a novel calcium delivery strategy
Authors: Zhu Lei , Shi Lina , Wang Qiao-E. , Meng Demei , Zhou Zhongkai , Yang Rui
Published: October 2021

Fabrication of a ferritin–casein phosphopeptide–calcium composite revealed a shell–core system with a sustained release of calcium ions.
Hepatoprotective effect of piceatannol against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in mice
Authors: Hung Wei-Lun , Hsiao Yi-Ting , Chiou Yi-Shiou , Nagabhushanam Kalyanam , Ho Chi-Tang , Pan Min-Hsiung
Published: October 2021

Supplementation of piceatannol significantly alleviated CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in mice.
Regiospecific N-alkyl substitution tunes the molecular packing of high-performance non-fullerene acceptors
Authors: Qi Feng , Jones Leighton O. , Jiang Kui , Jang Sei-Hum , Kaminsky Werner , Oh Jiyeon , Zhang Hongna , Cai Zongwei , Yang Changduk , Kohlstedt Kevin L. , Schatz George C. , Lin Francis R. , Marks Tobin J. , Jen Alex K.-Y.
Published: October 2021

Single-crystals of a series of Bz-based NFAs derivatized via regiospecific N-alkyl engineering have been systematically studied. The J-aggregate-like packing in EHN6SEH-4F facilitates formation of ordered 3D channels for efficient charge transport.
An autonomously ultrafast self-healing, highly colourless, tear-resistant and compliant elastomer tailored for transparent electromagnetic interference shielding films integrated in flexible and optical electronics
Authors: Sun FuYao , Xu JianHua , Liu Tong , Li FeiFei , Poo Yin , Zhang YaNa , Xiong RanHua , Huang ChaoBo , Fu JiaJun
Published: October 2021

We report herein an autonomously ultrafast self-healing, colorless elastomer as a substrate for embedding Ag NWs to fabricate transparent and stretchable EMI shielding materials capable of fully restoring EMI SE at the resting and stretching states.
Correction: NocU is a cytochrome P450 oxygenase catalyzing N-hydroxylation of the indolic moiety during the maturation of the thiopeptide antibiotics nocathiacins
Authors: Guo Heng , Bai Xuebing , Yang Qian , Xue Yufeng , Chen Dandan , Tao Jiang , Liu Wen
Published: October 2021

Correction for ‘NocU is a cytochrome P450 oxygenase catalyzing N-hydroxylation of the indolic moiety during the maturation of the thiopeptide antibiotics nocathiacins’ by Heng Guo et al., Org. Biomol. Chem., 2021, DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01284c.
Designing stable closo-B12 dianions in silico for Li- and Mg-ion battery applications
Authors: Xu Jianzhi , Li Mengyang , Xu Song , Pei Gerui , Kong Chuncai , Ren Xueguang , Yang Zhimao , Yang Tao , Zhou Jian , Hou Gao-Lei
Published: October 2021

The electronic structures and key factors controlling the stability of [B12(ECX)12]2− were revealed. Their good stability and weak binding property towards Li+ and Mg2+ suggest their potential application in Li- and Mg-ion batteries.
Photoinduced versus spontaneous host–guest electron transfer within a MOF and chromic/luminescent response
Authors: Li Gen , Yang Shuai-Liang , Liu Wan-Shan , Guo Meng-Yue , Liu Xiao-Yan , Bu Ran , Gao En-Qing
Published: October 2021

The MOF shows charge-transfer sensitized Eu(iii) emission and spontaneous/photoinduced guest-to-host electron transfer, which allow chromic and luminescent sensing of NH3 (luminescence turn-off) and O2 (luminescence turn-on).
Macrocycle-based supramolecular elements
Authors: Yang Hai-Bo , Schalley Christoph A.
Published: October 2021

Hai-Bo Yang and Christoph A. Schalley introduce this themed issue on macrocyle-based supramolecular elements.
3D-printed monolithic biofilters based on a polylactic acid (PLA) – hydroxyapatite (HAp) composite for heavy metal removal from an aqueous medium
Authors: Fijoł Natalia , Abdelhamid Hani Nasser , Pillai Binsi , Hall Stephen A. , Thomas Nebu , Mathew Aji P.
Published: October 2021

Water purification filters based on polylactic acid functionalised with hydroxyapatite were prepared by solvent-assisted blending and thermally induced phase separation (TIPS), extruded into filaments and processed via three-dimensional (3D) printing.
Removal of radioactive cesium from contaminated water by whey protein amyloids–carbon hybrid filters
Authors: Chiera Nadine M. , Bolisetty Sreenath , Eichler Robert , Mezzenga Raffaele , Steinegger Patrick
Published: October 2021

The efficient removal of the long-lived fission product 137Cs from radioactive water by a filter material based on whey protein fibrils and activated carbon.
Novel self-healing and multi-stimuli-responsive supramolecular gel based on d-sorbitol diacetal for multifunctional applications
Authors: Wen Fuqiang , Li Jingjing , Wang Lei , Li Fei , Yu Haiyang , Li Binglong , Fan Kaiqi , Guan Xidong
Published: October 2021

A simple-structured super gelator with self-healability and multi-stimuli responses was reported herein, which exhibited multiple visual molecular recognition abilities.
Hydrodynamic instability and flow reduction in polymer brush coated channels
Authors: Biagi Sofia , Rovigatti Lorenzo , Abbasi Mehdi , Bureau Lionel , Sciortino Francesco , Misbah Chaouqi
Published: October 2021

A polymer brush is a passive medium but, exposed to fluid flow, it displays a surprising dynamics, for which filamentous protrusions and their interactionsviahydrodynamics come heavily into play.
Critical yielding rheology: from externally deformed glasses to active systems
Authors: Villarroel Carlos , Düring Gustavo
Published: October 2021

The Herschel–Bulkley law observed in active systems presents a clear difference in critical exponents compared to shear dynamics. It suggests the existence of different universality classes in yielding transition under different driving conditions.
Small-volume extensional rheology of concentrated protein and protein-excipient solutions
Authors: Lauser Kathleen T. , Rueter Amy L. , Calabrese Michelle A.
Published: October 2021

We develop a small-volume extensional rheology device to measure concentrated protein formulations, and show that excipients intended to stabilize proteins in shear flow can cause undesirable behavior in extensional flows.
Investigation of the subsurface structure of a sunspot based on the spatial distribution of oscillation centers inferred from umbral flashes
Authors: Cho Kyuhyoun , Chae Jongchul , Madjarska Maria S.
Published: October 2021

The subsurface structure of a solar sunspot is important for the stability of the sunspot and the energy transport therein. Two subsurface structure models have been proposed, the monolithic and cluster models, but no clear observational evidence supporting a particular model has been found to date. To obtain clues about the subsurface structure of sunspots, we analyzed umbral flashes in merging sunspots registered by IRIS Mg II 2796 Å slit-jaw images. Umbral flashes are regarded as an observational manifestation of magnetohydrodynamic shock waves originating from convection cells below the photosphere. By tracking the motion of individual umbral flashes, we determined the position of the convection cells that are the oscillation centers located below the umbra. We found that the oscillation centers are preferentially located at dark nuclei in the umbral cores rather than in bright regions such as light bridges or umbral dots. Moreover, the oscillation centers tend to deviate from the convergent interface of the merging sunspots where vigorous convection is expected to occur. We also found that the inferred depths of the convection cells have no noticeable regional dependence. These results suggest that the subsurface of the umbra is an environment where convection can occur more easily than the convergent interface, and hence support the cluster model. For more concrete results, further studies based on umbral velocity oscillations in the lower atmosphere are required.
Dielectronic recombination strengths and plasma rate coefficients of multiply charged ions
Authors: Fritzsche S.
Published: October 2021

Context. Dielectronic recombination (DR) has been known as the dominant electron-ion recombination process in different astrophysical and laboratory plasmas, and that it determines the level population and ionization balance over a range of temperatures. Apart from a fundamental interest into the details of this process, DR plasma rate coefficients are frequently applied to estimate plasma densities and temperatures, but have been found to be notoriously difficult to calculate as they require good knowledge of the ionic resonances, which are embedded into the continuum of the next higher charges states.

Aims. In this paper we explain and demonstrate how DR resonance strengths and plasma rate coefficients can be readily computed within the framework of the Jena Atomic Calculator (JAC). In contrast to other available codes, the JAC toolbox supports a much simpler handling and control of different approximations, shell structures and temperature regions, for which doubly excited resonances need to be taken into account.

Methods. A multi-configuration Dirac–Hartree–Fock expansion of all atomic states is generated and applied in order to compute the transition rates (radiative and nonradiative) that contribute to the DR process. For the plasma rate coefficients, moreover, a cascade model has been developed that automatically determines and incorporates all doubly excited configurations of interest for the given plasma temperatures.

Results. To demonstrate the quite flexible use of JAC, we discuss and compare the DR of initially fluorine-like Ni19+ ions with previous measurements and computations. Since it is based on Dirac’s equation, the JAC toolbox is suitable for most ions across the periodic table.
Why take the square root? An assessment of interstellar magnetic field strength estimation methods
Authors: Skalidis R. , Sternberg J. , Beattie J. R. , Pavlidou V. , Tassis K.
Published: October 2021

Context. The magnetic field strength in interstellar clouds can be estimated indirectly from measurements of dust polarization by assuming that turbulent kinetic energy is comparable to the fluctuating magnetic energy, and using the spread of polarization angles to estimate the latter. The method developed by Davis (1951, Phys. Rev., 81, 890) and by Chandrasekhar and Fermi (1953, ApJ, 118, 1137) (DCF) assumes that incompressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) fluctuations induce the observed dispersion of polarization angles, deriving B ∝ 1∕δθ (or, equivalently, δθ ∝ MA, in terms of the Alfvénic Mach number). However, observations show that the interstellar medium is highly compressible. Recently, two of us (ST) relaxed the incompressibility assumption and derived instead B ∝ 1/√δθ (equivalently, δθ ∝ MA2).

Aims. We explored what the correct scaling is in compressible and magnetized turbulence through theoretical arguments, and tested the assumptions and the accuracy of the two methods with numerical simulations.

Methods. We used 26 magnetized, isothermal, ideal-MHD numerical simulations without self-gravity and with different types of forcing. The range of MA and sonic Mach numbers Ms explored are 0.1 ≤ MA ≤ 2.0 and 0.5 ≤ Ms ≤ 20. We created synthetic polarization maps and tested the assumptions and accuracy of the two methods.

Results. The synthetic data have a remarkable consistency with the δθ ∝ MA2 scaling, which is inferred by ST, while the DCF scaling failed to follow the data. Similarly, the assumption of ST that the turbulent kinetic energy is comparable to the root-mean-square (rms) of the coupling term of the magnetic energy between the mean and fluctuating magnetic field is valid within a factor of two for all MA (with the exception of solenoidally driven simulations at high MA, where the assumption fails by a factor of 10). In contrast, the assumption of DCF that the turbulent kinetic energy is comparable to the rms of the second-order fluctuating magnetic field term fails by factors of several to hundreds for sub-Alfvénic simulations. The ST method shows an accuracy better than 50% over the entire range of MA explored; DCF performs adequately only in the range of MA for which it has been optimized through the use of a “fudge factor”. For low MA, it is inaccurate by factors of tens, since it omits the magnetic energy coupling term, which is of first order and corresponds to compressible modes. We found no dependence of the accuracy of the two methods on Ms.

Conclusions. The assumptions of the ST method reflect better the physical reality in clouds with compressible and magnetized turbulence, and for this reason the method provides a much better estimate of the magnetic field strength over the DCF method. Even in super-Alfvénic cases where DCF might outperform ST, the ST method still provides an adequate estimate of the magnetic field strength, while the reverse is not true.
Bright single-mode RR Lyrae stars: Matching Gaia EDR3 with pulsation and evolutionary models
Authors: Kovacs Geza , Karamiqucham Behrooz
Published: October 2021

We combine observed metallicity, optical, and infrared magnitudes with evolutionary and pulsation models to derive average luminosities for 156 single-mode RR Lyrae stars. These luminosities are compared with those obtained from the Gaia EDR3 parallaxes and are found to be in excellent agreement with the high accuracy subsample (62 stars, with relative parallax errors of less than 2%). With the temperature and metallicity scale used, no parallax shift seems to be necessary when α-enhanced evolutionary models are employed. Some 10% of the sample shows curious “distance keeping” between the evolutionary and pulsation models. The cause of this behavior is not clear at this moment but can be cured by an excessive increase in the reddening.
Promising varieties of spring glumaceous oat of the mowing and grain-mowing directions, adapted to the natural and climatic conditions of the Volga-Vyatka region
Authors: Vologzhanina Elena , Batalova Galina
Published: October 2021

The results of the study of 12 varieties and promising lines of glumaceous oat in the competitive variety testing of the FASC of the North-East (Kirov region) in the period from 2018 to 2020 are presented. The purpose of the research is to assess the productivity, ecological plasticity and stability of the genotypes of glumaceous oat for feed and universal use in the conditions of the Volga-Vyatka region. The dependences of grain yield and dry matter harvesting on the state of agro-climatic resources (HTC), temperature and precipitation are established. The contrasting weather conditions during the years of research allowed to conduct the most complete assessment of the studied genotypes. The most favorable conditions for the formation of a high yield of green mass of oat were formed in 2020 (Ij=3.76), grain - in 2019 (Ij=1.35). The average degree of positive dependence of green mass yield on the height of oat plants was revealed (r=0.51). The variety of the high-intensity type of the universal direction Medved, promising lines of the mowing direction (178h13 and 245h14) are distinguished.
Identification of valuable varieties of oats for food purposes in the conditions of the South of Western Siberia
Authors: Ignatieva E.Yu. , Pakhotina I.V.
Published: October 2021

The article presents the results of a study of samples of glumaceous and hulless oat grown in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia for cereal properties. The features of assessing the quality of grain of various forms of oat are considered. The research was carried out in the grain quality laboratory of the Omsk ARC in 2018-2020. It was found that hulless forms of oat had an advantage in terms of protein content in grain, nature and yield of cereals in comparison with glumaceous varieties. The glumaceous samples formed a yield 29.6% higher than the hulless ones, and were also distinguished by a lower content of fine grain and a higher weight of 1000 grains. High variation coefficients were determined for the protein content in the grain, the nature and weight of 1000 grains. Correlation analysis revealed a close dependence of the yield of cereal on the nature of the grain, its size and the content of glumas for glumeacous forms, and for hulless with the nature of grain. The glumeacous varieties Uran and Mutika 1178 and hulless Tarsky golozerny, Inermis 1194 and 1189 are recommended for the production of high-quality cereals in the conditions of the South of Western Siberia.
Selection of high-yielding pea varieties in the conditions of the Cis-Ural steppe zone of the Bashkortostan Republic
Authors: Davletov Firzinat , Gainullina Karina
Published: October 2021

Peas have become the most important leguminous crop worldwide. Large areas in Russia are used for pea growing. Unfavourable weather and climatic conditions often lead to a significant yield decline. There is an urgent need to develop new high-yielding varieties adapted to local conditions. The current paper presents the results of long-term breeding of modern pea cultivars Chishminsky 229, Pamiati Hangildina, Pamiati Popova, meeting the requirements of agricultural production. The research was conducted in the Bashkir Agricultural Research Institute. The varieties were bred by repeated single selection based on intervariety hybridization. Chishminsky 229 and Pamiati Hangildina cultivars are included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements. Pamiati Popova is currently undergoing state variety testing. According to the comparative testing in 2016-2020, the excess yield compared to Chishminsky 95 standard variety was 2.1 c/ha for Chishminsky 229 variety, 1.9 c/ha for Pamiati Hangildina cultivar, and 3.2 c/ha for Pamiati Popova cultivar.
A new spring barley variety ‘In Memory of Dudin’
Authors: Zhilin Nikolai A. , Shchennikova Irina N. , Emelev Sergey A. , Usova Galina A.
Published: October 2021

The purpose of the research is to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the new spring barley variety ‘in Memory of Dudin’ on economically valuable signs. Studies were carried out in 2016-2019. The spring barley variety “in Memory of Dudin’ was created by the method of directional individual selection from the variant with treatment of spring barley variety ‘Bios 1’ with laser red light (wavelength 632.8 nm, continuous irradiation mode, beam power density 0.3 mW/cm2) for 60 minutes, followed by soaking in a solution of sodium carbonate with a concentration of 0,1n for 12 hours. Ear of the plant has average length 8.9 cm, the number of spikelets and the grain in the ear are medium (25.6 pcs. and 24.3 pcs. respectively). The 1000-grain weight is high - 49.2 g. Culm has an average length of 72.4 cm. The average yield over the years of the study was 4.6 tons/ha, the maximum one - 7.02 tons/ha in 2019. Dry matter ash content 2.2%, fiber content 3.65%, starch content 52.61%, fat content 1.65%, protein content 10.19%; extractability 77.0%. The variety ripens 4-7 days earlier than the standard. Based on a comprehensive assessment, the spring barley variety of “in Memory of Dudin’ was transferred to the State Variety Test in 2020.
Selection of corn hybrids ensuring the production of high-energy feed for modern dairy farming
Authors: Zezin N.N. , Namyatov M.A. , Sevostyanov M.Yu. , Ovchinnikov P.Yu.
Published: October 2021

The “line” of hybrids recommended by the Ural Research Institute of Agriculture Ob 140 SV (FAO 140), Ross 130 MV (FAO 130) and Kuban 101 SV (later Kuban 102 SV) (FAO 120) in 2016…2020 occupied 81.8…90.6% in the structure of sown seeds in the Sverdlovsk region. The area under corn by 2014 increased to 19.39 thousand hectares (6.3 times compared to 2008) and in 2015…2020 it stabilized at the level of 19.3…21.0 thousand hectares. The production test of the “grain” corn cultivation technology developed by the Ural Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences was carried out in four basic farms, in which the area of corn sown increased by 1.9 times over the period from 2012 to 2020, with a simultaneous increase in the sowings of high-protein crops: alfalfa and oilseeds. In the agricultural organizations of the SEC “Kilachevsky” and the SEC named after. The starch content in the silo reached 202-364 g/kg in 2017…2020, in some years it decreased to 142…146 g/kg (SEC “Kilachevsky”) and to 64…67 g/kg (SEC im. Zhukov). Over the past 3…5 years, individual farms of the region have begun to harvest cornage from corn. In the SEC “Kilachevsky”, the starch content in the new type of feed was 247 g/kg SV in 2018, 341…407 g/kg in 2019 and 439 g/kg SV in 2020. The research was carried out on the basis of the FSBSI URFANITS UrB RAS as part of the State Task on the topic “Creation and improvement of adaptive technologies for the cultivation and processing of economically significant agricultural crops based on the optimization of biotic and abiotic factors”.
Characteristics of promising strawberry varieties and elite forms by chemical composition and genes of the aromatic complex of fruits
Authors: Luk’yanchuk Irina , Zhbanova Ekaterina , Lyzhin Alexander
Published: October 2021

The results of the analysis of promising strawberry genotypes by the chemical composition and genes, involved in the determination of fruit aroma, are presented. By the complex of chemical traits, the strawberry varieties and elite forms of breeding of the I.V. Michurin Federal Scientific Center are highlighted: Flora (sugars – 9.2%, ascorbic acid – 65.0 mg/100 g, anthocyanins – 74.2 mg/100 g), elite seedling 56-5 (Gigantella Maxim × Privlekatelnaya) (sugars – 8.1%, ascorbic acid – 83.5 mg/100 g, anthocyanins – 64.3 mg/100 g). These strawberry forms are also characterized by a homozygous state of the functional allele of the FaOMT gene of the aromatic complex of fruits, which indicates high mesifurane content in fruits. The research results can be used in further work on the creation of strawberry varieties with a high level of taste and aromatic qualities, and also the antioxidant value of the fruits.
Promising breeding material of winter triticale in the conditions of the Middle Urals
Authors: Potapova G.N. , Zezin N.N. , Zobnina N.L. , Ivanova M.S.
Published: October 2021

The research was carried out in 2012-2018 in test sowings of the Ural Agricultural Research Institute– branch of the FSBSI Ural Federal Agrarian Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences with the aim to obtain promising high-yielding, locally adapted breeding samples of winter triticale. We used interverietal hybridization and evaluation of hybrids F1-F4, selection and sowing of ears and plants in breeding nurseries. Evaluation of promising lines on plots of 5-10 m2 according to generally accepted methods. Breeding samples of winter triticale were obtained, the yield of which reached 6.8-7.0 t/ha and was 15-19% higher than the standard - Bashkirskaya korotkostevelnaya (5.9 t/ha). The winter hardiness of the best samples was at the level of 80-90 % and exceeded the standard (72 %) by 12-18 %. Samples were found that exceeded the standard by the number of grains in the ear, the weight of 1000 grains, the ear productivity and the content of raw protein in the grain. The selected hybrid samples are evaluated in a competitive test and propagated in isolated areas.
Comprehensive assessment of Hordeum vulgare in the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region
Authors: Ivanova Julia , Fomina Maria , Belousov Sergei , Sharapova Natalia
Published: October 2021

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) occupies more than 80% of the sown area of forage crops. Barley is widely cultivated in many areas with contrasting soil and climatic conditions; breeding varieties that are resistant to abiotic and biotic environmental stress factors is an important factor that would make it possible to obtain grain with the required nutritional and forage qualities. The creation of barley varieties is a promising area of breeding in the world. To create varieties, it is necessary to consider the main directions: early ripening and high yield. To create an early ripening, high-yielding variety and hybrid of spring barley with high technological qualities of grain, the leading role belongs to the scientifically grounded selection of the source material. The article presents the results of a 3-year collection samples’ study from the world collection of the All-Russian Institute of Plants’ Genetic Resources named after N.I. Vavilov (VIR).
Metabolomic profiling in evaluation of cultivated oat species with different ploidy level
Authors: Loskutov Igor , Shelenga Tatiana , Blinova Elena , Gnutikov Alexandr , Konarev Alexey
Published: October 2021

The article presents biochemical characteristics identified during the analysis of metabolomic profiles. The object of this study was the landraces of cultivated oat species Avena strigosa Schreb., A. abyssinica Hochst. and A. sativa L. with different ploidy levels from the global collection of the Department of Genetic Resources of Oats, Rye, and Barley of VIR. Metabolic profiling was performed using an Agilent 6850 gas chromatograph (Agilent Technologies, USA). The main task of this evaluation was determination of differences between cultivated oat species of diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid ploidy levels according to their metabolomic spectra. These spectra reflect the metabolic state of genotypes of various ecological and geographical origin. The investigation touched on the most important groups of metabolites important for the resistance formation nutritional, medicinal and dietary benefits. Particular, attention was paid to biologically active compounds that determine the functional value of daily human foods − phenolic compounds, free amino acids and sugar acids. The most informative indicators, which separate the oat with different ploidy levels were: isofucosterol, xylitol, MAG-1 18: 0, linolenic, undecylic, threonic, glutamic and methylmalonic acids.
Assessment of biochemical and technical indicators of the quality of plum fruits grown in the south of Russia
Authors: Prichko Tatiana , Droficheva Natalia
Published: October 2021

The results of studies 20 varieties of plum are presented. Highlighted the varieties with high quality indicators, grown in the south of Russia. The fractional composition of sugars, organic acids, aromatic substances, vitamins, polyphenols, amino acids and minerals has been studied. According to the results of the research, a prescription composition of canned food “Plum Jam” has been developed.
Formation of reproductive organs in an early-ripening soybean variety, depending on the daylight duration
Authors: Sinegovskaya Valentina , Levina Anna
Published: October 2021

To study the reaction of an early-ripening soybean variety to the formation of plant reproductive organs under the influence of different length of daylight hours, studies of 2 sowing periods in a growing house with a new early-ripening variety Sentyabrinka of the FSBSI FRC VNII of Soybean were conducted. Artificial reduction of the daylight duration to 8 hours was established from the phase of the 3rd triple leaf with alternating day and night periods in each variant 7 times during the growing season. The control was plants whose growth and development took place in natural light conditions. According to the research results, it was found that the change in the daylight duration during the vegetation period had a significant impact on the duration of the phases of plant growth and development, the growing season as a whole. When sowing soybeans on May 28 with a natural daylight, the height of plants and their seed productivity were higher than those of plants with a shortened daylight. At this sowing period, the highest productivity was obtained from one plant – 9.3 g, which is 1.0 g more compared to soybean plants with a sowing period of June 3. The growth of plants, the formation of reproductive organs and the seed productivity of the early-repining variety Sentyabrinka depended on the duration of daylight, which can be regulated by the sowing period.