bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
À propos de la critique littéraire psychanalytique
Authors: Herlem Pascal
Published: November 2010

Résumé Dans le champ de la critique littéraire, la psychanalyse introduit une nouvelle dimension, une autre façon de lire. Les travaux de Freud mettent en évidence les processus inconscients à l’œuvre dans certaines créations littéraires, cherchent à comprendre l’implication de l’inconscient dans l’élaboration de l’objet littéraire et de l’objet d’art en général, et interprètent les enjeux inconscients de l’auteur inscrits dans son œuvre : ces travaux inventent une lecture nouvelle de l’objet littéraire, de l’objet d’art, ils ouvrent des voies nouvelles tout en se heurtant aussi à des limites, des résistances qui sont celles de Freud. Les relations ultérieures entre la critique et la psychanalyse sont multiples et complexes, aussi bien en raison de la résistance de la critique à la psychanalyse que de celle de la psychanalyse aux nouvelles créations de l’art. Ces relations font l’objet d’une réflexion, d’une interrogation progressive pour tenter d’aboutir à une position renouvelée de la critique psychanalytique à l’égard des objets littéraires et des objets d’art : une position qui parviendrait à considérer la psychanalyse ailleurs que l’art, mais sur un même plan culturel, antagoniste parfois, renonçant certes à la prétention d’une quelconque supériorité. Il s’agirait de montrer en quoi psychanalyse et art peuvent parler ensemble sans que l’un cherche forcément à être au-dessus de l’autre.
De femmes en femmes « Une femme qui dort seule dort avec le diable »
Authors: Vannier Jean-Luc , Frémiot Rémi
Published: November 2010

Résumé À la suite d’un accident, Marie Chantal, qui enseignait l’éducation physique et sportive, « transfert » son corps sur de multiples Barbie et autres Messaline qu’elle se met compulsivement à peindre. Désormais « couchés » sur toile, les corps, les visages et les regards féminins répètent les étapes chronologiques de sa vie, pointent les personnages importants de son existence mais se chargent également d’affects et de signifiants qui nourrissent, comme des rejetons de l’inconscient, son discours de présentation.
Hôpital public : le grand virage
Authors: Couty Édouard
Published: November 2010

Résumé Les réformes qui font entrer l’hôpital dans le XXI e siècle (plan « Hôpital 2007 » et loi HPST) mettent en place une série de mesures d’inspiration libérale qui peuvent remettre en cause le secteur public hospitalier en France. La convergence des tarifs publics et privés dans le système de financement à l’activité et les effets de marchandisation qu’elle entraîne, les contrats de partenariat public-privé (PPP) pour la réalisation d’investissements et l’exploitation de services hospitaliers, enfin la suppression du service public hospitalier et l’avènement d’une gouvernance pour un hôpital-entreprise sont autant de signaux d’une rupture avec les valeurs qui fondent les missions de l’hôpital public et donnent sens à l’action de ses personnels. Cette rupture s’accompagne d’un retour en force de l’État central, la politique contractuelle étant biaisée par l’institution d’une ligne hiérarchique pyramidale qui va jusqu’aux services de proximité. L’article s’efforce d’analyser ce processus simultané de « privatisation » et de « nationalisation » qui se met en place dans un contexte économique et financier dont la gravité exige effort de solidarité et rigueur de la part de tous les acteurs.
“Not-for-profit” dans les hôpitaux
Authors: Fessler Jean-Marie
Published: November 2010

Résumé Dans un certain nombre de pays, sur chaque continent, on constate que le secteur hospitalier nonprofit est important. Cette situation de l’offre de soins hospitaliers est à distinguer de celle des systèmes d’assurance maladie dont la capacité d’inclusion est variable. On s’attache plus particulièrement ici à la situation des hôpitaux en Europe et sur le continent nord-américain. Aux États-Unis, deux tiers des lits hospitaliers de court séjour relèvent de l’économie sociale. Il s’agit notamment des hôpitaux universitaires les plus importants. À une telle échelle, qui est aussi celle de certains pays en Europe, il est permis de penser qu’une volonté culturelle, politique et sociale forte et durable s’exprime ainsi.
Gregor Krek and the Beginnings of Slavic Studies at the University of Graz
Authors: Kernbauer Alois
Published: November 2010

Dejavnost in znanstveno delo Gregorja Kreka spadajo v obdobje institucionalizacije predmeta slovanske filologije v okviru skupne zamisli indoevropskega jezikoslovja na srednjeevropskih univerzah, med drugim na »Univerzo za južni in jugovzhodni del cesarstva«, tj. Univerzi Karla in Franca v Gradcu.
***
Gregor Krek’s activity and scholarship belong to the era when Slavic philology was institutionalized as a field as part of general efforts in Indo-European linguistics at universities in Central Europe, including at the “university serving the south and southeast part of the empire” – that is, the University of Graz.
Gregor Krek and Literary History
Authors: Dolinar Darko
Published: November 2010

Članek umešča Krekov literarnozgodovinski opus v razvojni potek slovanske filologije v 19. stoletju in nakaže glavno teoretično izhodišče njegove literarnozgodovinske zamisli. Podrobneje analizira njegove večje prispevke k slovenski literarni zgodovini, predvsem razpravo o t. i. celovškem rokopisu in kratki informativni pregled slovenske književnosti; na tej podlagi opredeljuje njegovo mesto v razvoju slovenske literarne vede.
***
Discussed is Krek’s work on literary history in relation to the development of Slavic philology in the 19th century. Indicating the principal theoretic starting points that had formed the basis of Krek’s further work, the article focuses on Krek’s more significant articles on literary history. Examined are his essay on the so-called Klagenfurt Manuscript and his brief overview of Slovenian literature. Based on this, the author attempts to determine Krek’s position in and significance for the development of Slovenian literary science.
Gregor Krek and Lingustics
Authors: Šivic – Dular Alenka
Published: November 2010

Gregor Krek spada med tista velika imena slovanske filologije, ki so se s svojim delom za trajno zapisala v njeno zgodovino. Zavedal se je vseh omejitev, ki so izhajale iz tedanjega razvoja znanstvene misli in hkrati poskušal razumeti nove tokove v jezikoslovju.
***
Gregor Krek is one of the great figures of Slavic philology whose works and names are indelibly inscribed in the discipline’s history. Aware of all the limitations of scholarly thought as developed at the time, he simultaneously sought to understand new trends in linguistics.
Human Coronary Artery Smooth Muscle Cell Responses to Bioactive Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Interfaces
Authors: Newcomer Robert G. , Moussallem Maroun D. , Keller Thomas C. S. , Schlenoff Joseph B. , Sang Qing-Xiang Amy
Published: November 2010

Under normal physiological conditions, mature human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (hCASMCs) exhibit a “contractile” phenotype marked by low rates of proliferation and protein synthesis, but these cells possess the remarkable ability to dedifferentiate into a “synthetic” phenotype when stimulated by conditions of pathologic stress. A variety of polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEMU) films are shown here to exhibit bioactive properties that induce distinct responses from cultured hCASMCs. Surfaces terminated with Nafion or poly(styrenesulfonic acid) (PSS) induce changes in the expression and organization of intracellular proteins, while a hydrophilic, zwitterionic copolymer of acrylic acid and 3-[2-(acrylamido)-ethyl dimethylammonio] propane sulfonate (PAA-co-PAEDAPS) is resistant to cell attachment and suppresses the formation of key cytoskeletal components. Differential expression of heat shock protein 90 and actin is observed, in terms of both their magnitude and cellular localization, and distinct cytoplasmic patterns of vimentin are seen. The ionophore A23187 induces contraction in confluent hCASMC cultures on Nafion-terminated surfaces. These results demonstrate that PEMU coatings exert direct effects on the cytoskeletal organization of attaching hCASMCs, impeding growth in some cases, inducing changes consistent with phenotypic modulation in others, and suggesting potential utility for PEMU surfaces as a coating for coronary artery stents and other implantable medical devices.
Quality-of-life experiences from the perspective of patients receiving haemodialysis for chronic renal failure
Authors: Small Louis F.
Published: November 2010

This study describes the experiences of patients receiving haemodialysis for chronic renal failure at the only dialysis centre in Windhoek, Namibia. A qualitative, explorative and descriptive design was used. Data were collected by means of in-depth interviews and analysed using Tesch’s process.Four themes emerged from the data, relating to (1) financial constraints, (2) loss of independence and spontaneous activities, (3) strain on relationships and (4) feelings of significant physiological changes and weakness. Based on the results, recommendations were submitted for psychosocial support and the establishment of support groups.OpsommingHierdie studie beskryf die ervarings van pasiënte wat gehemodialiseer word vir chroniese nierversaking in die enigste dialise-eenheid in Windhoek. ŉ Kwalitatiewe, verkennende en beskrywende studie is gedoen. Die data is deur middel van diepte-onderhoude ingesamel, waarna die data aan die hand van Tesch se metode geanaliseer is. Daar het vier temas uit die studie na vore gekom (1) finansiële beperkings, (2) verlies van onafhanklikheid en spontane aktiwiteite, (3) druk in verhoudings en (4) gewaarwordings van beduidende fisiologiese veranderinge en swakheid.Na aanleiding van hierdie bevindings is die daarstel van psigososiale ondersteuning asook ondersteuningsgroepe aanbeveel.
IMOGEN: an intermediate complexity model to evaluate terrestrial impacts of a changing climate
Authors: Huntingford C. , Booth B. B. B. , Sitch S. , Gedney N. , Lowe J. A. , Liddicoat S. K. , Mercado L. M. , Best M. J. , Weedon G. P. , Fisher R. A. , Lomas M. R. , Good P. , Zelazowski P. , Everitt A. C. , Spessa A. C. , Jones C. D.
Published: November 2010

Abstract. We present a computationally efficient modelling system, IMOGEN, designed to undertake global and regional assessment of climate change impacts on the physical and biogeochemical behaviour of the land surface. A pattern-scaling approach to climate change drives a gridded land surface and vegetation model MOSES/TRIFFID. The structure allows extrapolation of General Circulation Model (GCM) simulations to different future pathways of greenhouse gases, including rapid first-order assessments of how the land surface and associated biogeochemical cycles might change. Evaluation of how new terrestrial process understanding influences such predictions can also be made with relative ease.
Stability of 15 Estrogens and Estrogen Metabolites in Urine Samples under Processing and Storage Conditions Typically Used in Epidemiologic Studies
Authors: Fuhrman Barbara J. , Xu Xia , Falk Roni T. , Hankinson Susan E. , Veenstra Timothy D. , Keefer Larry K. , Ziegler Regina G.
Published: November 2010

Background

In preparation for large-scale epidemiologic studies of the role of estrogen metabolism in the etiology of breast and other cancers, we examined the stability of estrogens and estrogen metabolites (EM) in urine during processing and storage protocols.

Methods

Fifteen EM were measured using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in first morning urines from 3 premenopausal women. Linear regression was used to model log EM concentrations for each woman, with and without adding ascorbic acid (0.1% w/v), during storage at 4°C (7–8 time points, up to 48 hours), during long-term storage at –80°C (10 time points, up to 1 year), and by freeze-thaw cycles (up to 3).

Results

Without ascorbic acid, concentrations (pmol/mL) of nearly all EM changed <1% per 24 hours of storage at 4°C, and <1% during storage at –80°C for 1 year; similarly, thawing and refreezing samples 3 times was not consistently associated with losses for any EM. Ascorbic acid had no clear beneficial effect on EM stability in these experiments.

Conclusions

Given the large inter-individual variability in urinary EM concentrations, changes of the magnitude observed here are unlikely to cause substantial misclassification. Furthermore, processing and storage conditions studied here are adequate for use in epidemiologic studies.
Assessment of Degree of Health of the Stomach by Concomitant Measurement of Serum Pepsinogen and Serum Helicobacter Pylori Antibodies
Authors: Inoue Kazuhiko , Fujisawa Tomoo , Haruma Ken
Published: November 2010

The stomach was assessed by measuring serum pepsinogen (PG) and Helicobacter pylori (Hp) antibodies by immunoassay, based on the findings of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy performed on the same day. The assessment involved 1,636 individuals who visited the hospital for general medical checkups. Those negative for Hp antibodies and PG were grouped in group A, Hp-positive/PG-negative subjects were included in group B, and PG-positive subjects in group C. Group A comprised 660 subjects (40.3%), group B 514 (31.4%), and group C 462 (28.2%). Gastric cancer was detected in 0.87% (4/462) in group C, 0.19% (1/514) in group B, and 0% (0/660) in group A. All four patients with gastric adenoma were in group C. Hyperplastic polyps were detected most frequently in group C followed by group B, while there were no cases in group A. By contrast, most fundic gland polyps were found in group A. The detection rate of peptic ulcers was highest in group B, while that of reflux esophagitis was highest in group A. These findings suggest that the “degree of health” of the stomach can be assessed by measuring serum PG and Hp antibodies.
Single Layer Centrifugation with Androcoll-P Can Be Scaled-Up to Process Larger Volumes of Boar Semen
Authors: van Wienen Marjet , Johannisson Anders , Wallgren Margareta , Parlevliet Joyce , Morrell Jane M.
Published: November 2010

The objective of this study was to scale-up the procedure for Single Layer Centrifugation (SLC) through AndrocollTM-P, as a preliminary step towords processing the whole ejaculate. The first experiment compared Single Layer Centrifugation using 4.5 mL and 15 mL extended ejaculate (SLC-4.5 and SLC-15, resp.), assessing sperm quality by objective motility analysis, morphology, viability, and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the second experiment, SLC-4.5 was compared to Single Layer Centrifugation with 25 mL extended ejaculate (SLC-25) using motility analysis and morphology. In both experiments, normal morphology and linear motility were significantly higher in the SLC-selected samples than in the uncentrifuged controls (P<.001), whereas total motility and membrane integrity were unchanged. Although ROS production was higher in the SLC-selected samples than in the controls (P<.01), this might have been due to the presence of antioxidants in seminal plasma in the latter. In conclusion, there was no difference in sperm quality between SLC-4.5 and SLC-15 samples, or between SLC-4.5 and SLC-25 samples, indicating that the SLC method can be scaled-up successfully.
Circularly Polarized Luminescent π‐Conjugated Chiral Nanorings and Nanobelts
Authors: Xue Yuting , Shi Yafei , Chen Pangkuan
Published: May 2024

Molecular chirality plays a pivotal role across the disciplines of chemical and physical sciences, as well as holding significant implications in the realms of medicine and technology. Chiral macrocycles have attracted recent interests in synthetic chemistry, material science, and supramolecular chemistry. Due to the cyclic arrangements of stereogenic elements or special orientations confined in the rigid structures, π‐conjugated chiral macrocycles are expected to be highly luminescent, and configurationally stable, and thus serve to develop high‐performance chiroptical materials. Given the rapid progress achieved in this new area in recent years, it is significant to highlight new concepts and breakthroughs. This minireview will offer the overview of a wide range of π‐conjugated chiral macrocycles from traditional molecules which include the axially, helically, and planar chiral skeletons to the new chiral nanobelts with a focus on the structure‐function relationship between chiral molecules and the unique chiroptical properties.
Naturally Occuring or Derived Photoinitiators for Medical Applications
Authors: Zhu D. , Zhang J. , Xiao P.
Published: May 2024

Rapid manufacturing of medical devices during unforeseen pandemics is imperative. In striving for manufacturing efficiency, photopolymerization has emerged as a viable approach for diverse healthcare applications in recent decades. Photopolymerization‐based 3D printing offers significant potential with a range of biocompatible materials (e.g., poly(ethylene glycol), cellulose, etc.) while minimizing waste generation. However, prevalent commercial photoinitiators used in this process are synthetic and environmentally unfriendly. Therefore, the naturally occurring and derived photoinitiators have drawn tremendous research interest due to their bioactivities and inherent environmental safety. This review comprehensively outlines the medical applications implemented by these photoinitiators, highlighting their inherent photoinitiation abilities. Moreover, it delves into the impact of substituent effects on the photoinitiation abilities of naturally derived photoinitiators.
Visible‐Light‐Induced Synthesis of γ‐Amino Sulfones from Vinyl Sulfones and Amino Acids
Authors: Qian Zhu‐Ming , Wang Feng‐Yu , Guan Zhi , He Yan‐Hong
Published: May 2024

A method for the synthesis of γ‐amino sulfones through visible light‐induced oxidative decarboxylation and radical reductive addition is described. Various readily available N‐protected natural amino acids react with aromatic/aliphatic vinyl sulfones to directly produce γ‐amino sulfone derivatives. This reaction is also applicable to α‐N(O)‐acids and other aliphatic carboxylic acids, resulting in the corresponding sulfone derivatives. The method operates without the need for sacrificial reducing agents or additional hydrogen atom donors. The sole by‐product is CO2 released from decarboxylation, rendering the process both atom‐ and step‐economical.
Potential Gradient‐Driven Dual‐Functional Electrochromic and Electrochemical Device Based on a Shared Electrode Design
Authors: Xu Gang , Zhang Wei , Zhu Guangjun , Xia Huan , Zhang Hanning , Xie Qian , Jin Peng , Zhang Haoyu , Yi Chengjie , Zhang Ruqian , Ji Lingfeng , Shui Tao , Moloto Nosipho , She Wei , Sun ZhengMing
Published: May 2024

The integration of electrochromic devices and energy storage systems in wearable electronics is highly desirable yet challenging, because self‐powered electrochromic devices often require an open system design for continuous replenishment of the strong oxidants to enable the coloring/bleaching processes. A self‐powered electrochromic device has been developed with a close configuration by integrating a Zn/MnO2 ionic battery into the Prussian blue (PB)‐based electrochromic system. Zn and MnO2 electrodes, as dual shared electrodes, the former one can reduce the PB electrode to the Prussian white (PW) electrode and serves as the anode in the battery; the latter electrode can oxidize the PW electrode to its initial state and acts as the cathode in the battery. The bleaching/coloring processes are driven by the gradient potential between Zn/PB and PW/MnO2 electrodes. The as‐prepared Zn||PB||MnO2 system demonstrates superior electrochromic performance, including excellent optical contrast (80.6%), fast self‐bleaching/coloring speed (2.0/3.2 s for bleaching/coloring), and long‐term self‐powered electrochromic cycles. An air‐working Zn||PB||MnO2 device is also developed with a 70.3% optical contrast, fast switching speed (2.2/4.8 s for bleaching/coloring), and over 80 self‐bleaching/coloring cycles. Furthermore, the closed nature enables the fabrication of various flexible electrochromic devices, exhibiting great potentials for the next‐generation wearable electrochromic devices.
Engineering Tough and Elastic Polyvinyl Alcohol‐Based Hydrogel with Antimicrobial Properties
Authors: Baidya Avijit , Budiman Annabella , Jain Saumya , Oz Yavuz , Annabi Nasim
Published: May 2024

Hydrogels have been extensively used for tissue engineering applications due to their versatility in structure and physical properties, which can mimic native tissues. Although significant progress has been made toward designing hydrogels for soft tissue repair, engineering hydrogels that resemble load‐bearing tissues is still considered a great challenge due to their specific mechanophysical demands. Herein, microporous, tough, yet highly compressible poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)‐based hydrogels are reported for potential applications in repairing or replacing different load‐bearing tissues. The synergy of freeze‐thawing and the Hofmeister effect, which controlled the spatial arrangement and aggregation of polymer chains, facilitated the formation of microstructured frameworks with tunable porosity. While the maximum mechanical strength, toughness, and stretchability of the engineered hydrogel were ≈390 kPa, ≈388 kJ m−3, and ≈170%, respectively, Young's modulus based on compression testing wasfound to be in the range of ≈0.02–0.30 MPa, highlighting the all‐in‐one mechanically enriched nature of the hydrogel. Furthermore, the minimal swelling and degradation rate of the engineered hydrogel met the specific requirements for load‐bearing tissues. Finally, excellent antibacterial resistance as well as in vitro biocompatibility of the hydrogel demonstrates its potential for the replacement of load‐bearing tissues.
Gold‐Catalyzed Arylative Cope Rearrangement
Authors: Paroi Bidisha , Pegu Chayanika , Mane Manoj V. , Patil Nitin T.
Published: May 2024

Cope rearrangements have garnered significant attention owing to their ability to undergo structural reorganization in stereoselective manner. While substantial advances have been achieved over decades, these rearrangements remained applicable exclusively to parent 1,5‐hexadienes. Herein, we disclose the gold‐catalyzed arylative Cope rearrangement of 1,6‐heptadienes via a cyclization‐induced [3,3]‐rearrangement employing ligand‐enabled gold redox catalysis. Detailed mechanistic investigations including several control experiments, cross‐over experiment, HRMS analysis, 31P NMR and DFT studies have been performed to underpin the mechanism.
Suppressed Dissolution of Fluorine‐Rich SEI Enables Highly Reversible Zinc Metal Anode for Stable Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Yanan , Shen Shenyu , Xi Kai , Li Peng , Kang Zihan , Zhao Jianyun , Yin Dandan , Su Yaqiong , Zhao Hongyang , He Guanjie , Ding Shujiang
Published: May 2024

The instability of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) is a critical challenge for the zinc metal anodes, leading to an erratic electrode/electrolyte interface and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), ultimately resulting in anode failure. This study uncovers that the fluorine species dissolution is the root cause of SEI instability. To effectively suppress the F− dissolution, an introduction of a low‐polarity molecule, 1,4‐thioxane (TX), is proposed, which reinforces the stability of the fluorine‐rich SEI. Moreover, the TX molecule has a strong affinity for coordinating with Zn2+ and adsorbing at the electrode/electrolyte interface, thereby diminishing the activity of local water and consequently impeding SEI dissolution. The robust fluorine‐rich SEI layer promotes the high durability of the zinc anode in repeated plating/stripping cycles, while concurrently suppressing HER and enhancing Coulombic efficiency. Notably, the symmetric cell with TX demonstrates exceptional electrochemical performance, sustaining over 500 hours at 20 mA cm−2 with 10 mAh cm−2. Furthermore, the Zn||KVOH full cell exhibits excellent capacity retention, averaging 6.8 mAh cm−2 with 98 % retention after 400 cycles, even at high loading with a lean electrolyte. This work offers a novel perspective on SEI dissolution as a key factor in anode failure, providing valuable insights for the electrolyte design in energy storage devices.
Ribosomal dormancy at the nexus of ribosome homeostasis and protein synthesis
Authors: Koli Saloni , Shetty Sunil
Published: May 2024

Dormancy or hibernation is a non‐proliferative state of cells with low metabolic activity and gene expression. Dormant cells sequester ribosomes in a translationally inactive state, called dormant/hibernating ribosomes. These dormant ribosomes are important for the preservation of ribosomes and translation shut‐off. While recent studies attempted to elucidate their modes of formation, the regulation and roles of the diverse dormant ribosomal populations are still largely understudied. The mechanistic details of the formation of dormant ribosomes in stress and especially their disassembly during recovery remain elusive. In this review, we discuss the roles of dormant ribosomes and their potential regulatory mechanisms. Furthermore, we highlight the paradigms that need to be answered in the field of ribosomal dormancy.
Insights into the Biological Activities and Substituent Effects of Pyrrole Derivatives: The Chemistry‐Biology Connection
Authors: Manya B. S. , Kumar M. R. Pradeep , Rajagopal Kalirajan , Hassan Md. Abul , Rab Safia Obaidur , Alshehri Mohammed Ali , Emran Talha Bin
Published: May 2024

Pyrrole, with its versatile heterocyclic ring structure, serves as a valuable template for generating a diverse range of lead compounds with various pharmacophores. Researchers and scientists globally are intrigued by pyrrole and its analogs for their broad pharmacological potential, prompting thorough investigations aimed at advancing human welfare. This comprehensive review delves into the diverse activities exhibited by pyrrole compounds, encompassing their synthesis, reactions, and pharmacological properties alongside their derivatives. In addition to detailing the characteristics of pyrrole and its derivatives within the context of green chemistry, the review also examines microwave‐assisted reactions. It provides insights into their chemical structures, natural occurrences, and potential applications across various domains. Furthermore, the article investigates structural alterations of pyrrole compounds and their implications on their functionality, highlighting their versatility as foundational elements for both functional materials and bioactive compounds. The review emphasizes the need for ongoing research and development in the field of pyrrole compounds to discover new activities and benefits.
Graphiumisides A–D, Monoterpene Glycosides from an Animal‐Derived Endophytic Fungus Graphium sp. GD‐11
Authors: Zhang Mingyue , Zhang Yuhang , Ji Mengshan , Li Dongyang , Wang Haibo , Wang Xiaowei , Wei Wenjun , Hui Chengcheng , Guo Tao
Published: May 2024

Four new monoterpene rhamnosides, graphiumisides A–D (1–4), along with four known steroid compounds (5–8) were isolated from the fermentation extract of animal‐derived endophytic fungus, Graphium sp. GD‐11. The chemical structures of all compounds were elucidated using 1D and 2D NMR, HRESIMS spectroscopic analyses, and other spectroscopic methods. Compounds 1–4 exhibit a distinctive structure connected by one p‐menthane type monoterpene and one L‐rhamnose. This is the first report of monoterpene glycosides from Graphium sp. All compounds (1–8) were tested for cytotoxic activities against four cancer cell lines (HepG2, SMMC7721, SW480, and A549), and only compound 1 showed weak anti‐tumor activity against SMMC7721 cells.
Carrier‐Free Disulfiram Based Nanomedicine for Enhanced Cancer Therapy
Authors: Dang Meng , Lu Nan , Shi Xuzhi , Li Qiang , Lin Bin , Dong Heng , Han Xiaolin , Rui Jiaxin , Sun Junfen , Luo Wei , Teng Zhaogang , Su Xiaodan
Published: May 2024

Numerous nanomedicines have been developed to improve the efficiency and safety of conventional anticancer drugs. However, the carrier materials and intricate nature of multifunctional design always hindered the clinical transformation of nanomedicines. Herein, a novel carrier‐free anticancer nanomedicine (CFDC) with tailored morphologies including nanodots, nanorod and nanosheet were prepared using the clinically approved anti‐alcoholism drug disulfiram (DSF) via supramolecular assembly process. Our study reveals that CFDC induces the production of reactive oxygen species and activates the downstream apoptosis‐related c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) and p‐38 pathway. In addition, the CFDC effectively counteract the inhibitory effect of NF‐κB expression on ROS‐induced cellular cytotoxicity, ultimately resulting in enhanced cell apoptosis, which is not achievable by pure DSF and the simply mixing of DSF and Cu2+ (DSF+Cu). Notably, the CFDC exhibits 3.1‐, 3.0‐folds increased on cancer cell DNA damage compared with the DSF, and DSF+Cu groups. In vivo experiments conducted on breast‐ or prostate‐bearing mice modals demonstrated that the CFDC exhibits a higher efficacy in suppressing the tumor growth. The remarkable drug delivery efficiency and better anticancer effect of CFDC nanodrug provide promising prospects for the clinical transformation of DSF based nanodrug in cancer therapy.
Gestational diabetes mellitus is associated with distinct folate‐related metabolites in early and mid‐pregnancy: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Zheng Wei , Zhang Yujie , Zhang Puyang , Chen Tengda , Yan Xin , Li Lin , Shao Lijun , Song Zhiru , Han Weiling , Wang Jia , Huang Junhua , Ma Kaiwen , Yang Ruihua , Ma Yuru , Xu Lili , Zhang Kexin , Yuan Xianxian , Li Guanghui
Published: May 2024

Aims

This study aimed to evaluate the association between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and circulating folate metabolites, folic acid (FA) intake, and the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) genotype.

Materials and Methods

A prospective pregnancy cohort study was conducted in Beijing, China, from 2022 to 2023. Circulating folate metabolites, including red blood cell (RBC) 5‐methyltetrahydrofolate (5‐MTHF), 5, 10‐methylene‐tetrahydrofolate (5,10‐CH2‐THF), 5‐ formyltetrahydrofolate (5‐CHO‐THF), and unmetabolised folic acid (UMFA), and plasma homocysteine (HCY), 5‐MTHF, and methylmalonic acid (MMA), were determined at 6–17 weeks and 20–26 weeks of gestation. FA intake and the MTHFR and MTRR genotype were also examined. GDM was diagnosed between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy by a 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The association between the folate status and GDM was ascertained using multivariate generalised linear models, logistic regression models, and restricted cubic spline regression, adjusting for potential confounders.

Results

The study included 2032 pregnant women, of whom 392 (19.29%) developed GDM. UMFA above the 75th percentile (≥P75) [adjusted OR (aOR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) = 1.36 (1.01–1.84)], UMFA ≥ P90 [aOR (95% CI) = 1.82 (1.23–2.69)], and HCY ≥ P75 [aOR (95% CI) = 1.40 (1.04–1.88)] in early pregnancy, and RBC 5‐MTHF [aOR (95% CI) = 1.48 (1.10–2.00)], RBC 5,10‐CH2‐THF [aOR (95% CI) = 1.55 (1.15–2.10)], and plasma 5‐MTHF [aOR (95% CI) = 1.36 (1.00–1.86)] in mid‐pregnancy ≥ P75 are associated with GDM. Higher UMFA levels in early pregnancy show positive associations with the 1‐h and 2‐h glucose levels during the OGTT, and higher HCY levels are associated with increased fasting glucose levels during the OGTT. In comparison, RBC 5‐ MTHF and 5,10‐CH2‐THF, and plasma 5‐ MTHF in mid‐pregnancy are positively associated with the 1‐h glucose level (p < 0.05). The MTHFR and MTRR genotype and FA intake are not associated with GDM.

Conclusions

Elevated levels of UMFA and HCY during early pregnancy, along with elevated RBC 5‐MTHF and 5,10‐CH2‐THF and plasma 5‐MTHF during mid‐pregnancy, are associated with GDM. These findings indicate distinct connections between different folate metabolites and the occurrence of GDM.
Association Between Insulin Resistance Indices and Liver Function Parameters Among Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Saei Ghare Naz Marzieh , Mousavi Maryam , Firouzi Faezeh , Momenan Amir Abbas , Azizi Fereidoun , Ramezani Tehrani Fahimeh
Published: May 2024

Objective

This study aimed to investigate whether polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) status changes the association between insulin resistance (IR) indices and liver function parameters among women.

Methods

This is a cross‐sectional, population‐based study. We selected 1101 subjects aged ≥20 years from participants of Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). All of them had known the status of PCOS, and all variables were related to the IR indices and liver function parameters. The main outcome measures were TG/HDL‐C and triglyceride‐glucose (TyG) and liver function parameters (hepatic steatosis index [HSI], alanine transaminase [ALT] and aspartate transaminase [AST]).

Result

In the present study, there was no significant difference between the PCOS and the non‐PCOS regarding the presence of liver function abnormalities. A model adjusted by age and BMI showed that the upper tertile of TyG index was positively associated with high AST (OR = 3.04 [95% CI: 1.20–7.68], p < 0.05), high ALT (4.76 [3.07–7.36], p < 0.05) and high HSI (8.44 [1.82–39.17], p < 0.05). Although the history of diabetes had a positive impact on elevated AST (1.66 [1.15, 2.40], p < 0.05), the third tertile of TG/HDL‐C was associated with increased odds of elevated ALT (3.35 [2.21–5.06]) and HSI (6.55 [1.17–36.46]), whereas the second tertile of TG/HDL‐C (OR = 2.65, CI 95%: 1.74–4.03) was also positively associated with elevated ALT. PCOS had no significant association with elevated liver function tests.

Conclusion

The highest tertile of TyG index and the TG/HDL‐C ratio as a surrogate of IR might play a role in detecting abnormalities of liver function parameters among women. However, PCOS status cannot change the association between IR and liver dysfunction.
Activation of Shh/Smo is sufficient to maintain oligodendrocyte precursor cells in an undifferentiated state and is not necessary for myelin formation and (re)myelination
Authors: Nocera Sonia , Marchena Miguel A. , Fernández‐Gómez Beatriz , Gómez‐Martín Paula , Sánchez‐Jiménez Estefanía , Macías‐Castellano Alba , Laó Yolanda , Cordano Christian , Gómez‐Torres Óscar , Luján Rafael , de Castro Fernando
Published: May 2024

Myelination is the terminal step in a complex and precisely timed program that orchestrates the proliferation, migration and differentiation of oligodendroglial cells. It is thought that Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) acting on Smoothened (Smo) participates in regulating this process, but that these effects are highly context dependent. Here, we investigate oligodendroglial development and remyelination from three specific transgenic lines: NG2‐CreERT2 (control), Smofl/fl/NG2‐CreERT2 (loss of function), and SmoM2/NG2‐CreERT2 (gain of function), as well as pharmacological manipulation that enhance or inhibit the Smo pathway (Smoothened Agonist (SAG) or cyclopamine treatment, respectively). To explore the effects of Shh/Smo on differentiation and myelination in vivo, we developed a highly quantifiable model by transplanting oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) in the retina. We find that myelination is greatly enhanced upon cyclopamine treatment and hypothesize that Shh/Smo could promote OPC proliferation to subsequently inhibit differentiation. Consistent with this hypothesis, we find that the genetic activation of Smo significantly increased numbers of OPCs and decreased oligodendrocyte differentiation when we examined the corpus callosum during development and after cuprizone demyelination and remyelination. However, upon loss of function with the conditional ablation of Smo, myelination in the same scenarios are unchanged. Taken together, our present findings suggest that the Shh pathway is sufficient to maintain OPCs in an undifferentiated state, but is not necessary for myelination and remyelination.
Transformational leadership and follower performance: Relational and motivational bases of leader behaviors
Authors: Erdurmazli Eser
Published: May 2024

Based on criticisms and recommendations in the literature made particularly in the last decade, this study focuses on the basic assumptions of transformational leadership (TL) theory such as “follower transformation,” “conceptual differences between the sub‐dimensions of TL” and “performance beyond expectations.” In this regard, it hypothesizes that while individualized consideration and idealized influence sub‐dimensions of TL affect followers' perceptions about the quality of their relationships with their leaders, the inspirational motivation and intellectual stimulation sub‐dimensions are mostly motivational (i.e., person‐organization fit and self‐efficacy), and that these sub‐dimensions enhance follower performance (i.e., organizational citizenship behaviors and task performance) through these specified mechanisms. It also hypothesizes that the quality of leader‐member exchanges moderates the influences of the motivational aspects of TL on follower performance. These hypotheses were tested and confirmed by analyzing the data from 222 leader–follower pairs from the private security sector. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed and suggestions for future research are provided. This article hopes to motivate future studies to clarify the TL theory and to further support its development.
EEF1D stabilized by SRSF9 promotes colorectal cancer via enhancing the proliferation and metastasis
Authors: Wang Rui , Lv Chi , Li Donghao , Song Yutong , Yan Zhaopeng
Published: May 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and causes high mortality worldwide. Although CRC has been studied widely, the molecular mechanism is not completely known. Eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 delta (EEF1D) participates in the progression of various tumors, however, the effect of EEF1D on CRC remains unclear. Here, we aimed to identify the potential mechanism of EEF1D in CRC. The expression levels of EEF1D were assessed in CRC samples. Functional analysis of EEF1D in CRC was detected in vitro and in vivo. The regulatory mechanism of EEF1D was identified with RNA immunoprecipitation, RNA pull‐down assay, and proteomics analysis. Our findings confirmed that EEF1D was upregulated in human CRC tissues. Functionally, EEF1D overexpression accelerated cell proliferation and metastasis, whereas EEF1D knockdown inhibited cell proliferation and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo CRC models. Furthermore, we showed that EEF1D was upregulated by SRSF9 via binding to 3′UTR of EEF1D mRNA. EEF1D knockdown reversed the malignant phenotype induced by SRSF9 overexpression. These findings demonstrated that EEF1D promotes CRC progression, and EEF1D may be a molecular target against CRC.
Effectiveness of secukinumab for overlapping hidradenitis suppurativa and ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: AlAfeefi Mariam , Aladawi Meera
Published: May 2024

Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic inflammatory disease of the hair follicle that affects the axillary and gluteal regions. Hidradenitis can coincide with other inflammatory diseases, such as ankylosing spondylitis. We present a patient suffering from an overlap of both conditions, who had a rapid improvement with secukinumab.
Unicompartmental osteoarthritis: High survival rate with a combined mechanical and biological salvage approach as alternative to metal resurfacing: Results at minimum 10 years of follow‐up
Authors: Solaro Luca , Andriolo Luca , Di Martino Alessandro , Grassi Alberto , Zaffagnini Stefano , Filardo Giuseppe
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the long‐term clinical results and failure rate of patients treated with complex salvage procedures using a combined mechanical and biological approach to address unicompartmental knee osteoarthritis (OA) and postpone the need for joint replacement.

Methods

Thirty‐nine patients (40.3 ± 10.9 years old) affected by unicompartmental OA (Kellgren–Lawrence 3) in stable joints underwent a personalized surgical treatment depending on the specific requirements of the affected compartment, including high tibial osteotomy, osteochondral scaffold, meniscal scaffold and meniscal allograft transplantation. Patients were evaluated with the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Tegner scores before surgery, at 3 years and a minimum of 10 years of follow‐up.

Results

A significant improvement was observed over time in all scores but worsened at the final follow‐up. The IKDC subjective score improved from 46.9 ± 16.2 to 79.8 ± 16.4 at 3 years (p < 0.0005) and then decreased to 64.5 ± 21.4 (p = 0.001) at 12 years. A similar trend was confirmed for VAS and Tegner scores. Only two patients subsequently underwent knee arthroplasty, and nine more patients were considered clinical failure, for a cumulative surgical and clinical failure rate of 28.2% at the final follow‐up.

Conclusion

A personalized, joint‐preserving, combined mechanical and biological approach, addressing alignment as well as meniscal and cartilage lesions, is safe and effective, providing a clinical benefit and delaying the need for arthroplasty in young patients affected by unicompartmental knee OA. At the final evaluation, the clinical improvement decreased, but more than two‐thirds of the patients still benefited from this treatment at a long‐term follow‐up.

Level of Evidence

Level IV case series.
Surgical strategy and complication management of osteotomy around the painful degenerative varus knee: ESSKA Formal Consensus Part II
Authors: Ollivier Matthieu , Claes Steven , Mabrouk Ahmed , Elson David , Espejo‐Reina Alejandro , Predescu Vlad , Schröter Steffen , Van heerwarden Ronald , Menetrey Jacques , Beaufils Philippe , Seil Roman , Beker Roland , Khakha Raghbir , Dawson Matthew
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The purpose of the European consensus was to provide recommendations for the treatment of patients with a painful degenerative varus knee using a joint preservation approach. Part II focused on surgery, rehabilitation and complications after tibial or femoral correction osteotomy.

Methods

Ninety‐four orthopaedic surgeons from 24 countries across Europe were involved in the consensus, which focused on osteotomies around the knee. The consensus was performed according to the European Society for Sports Traumatology, Knee Surgery and Arthroscopy consensus methodology. The steering group designed the questions and prepared the statements based on the experience of the experts and the evidence of the literature. The statements were evaluated by the ratings of the peer‐review groups before a final consensus was released.

Results

The ideal hinge position for medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOW HTO) should be at the upper level of the proximal tibiofibular joint, and for lateral closing wedge distal femoral osteotomy (LCW DFO) just above the medial femoral condyle. Hinge protection is not mandatory. Biplanar osteotomy cuts provide more stability and quicker bony union for both MOW HTO and LCW DFO and are especially recommended for the latter. Osteotomy gap filling is not mandatory, unless structural augmentation for stability is required. Patient‐specific instrumentation should be reserved for complex cases by experienced hands. Early full weight‐bearing can be adopted after osteotomy, regardless of the technique. However, extra caution should be exercised in DFO patients. Osteotomy patients should return to sports within 6 months.

Conclusion

Clear recommendations for surgical strategy, rehabilitation and complications of knee osteotomies for the painful degenerative varus knee were demonstrated. In Part 2 of the consensus, high levels of agreement were reached by experts throughout Europe, under variable working conditions. Where science is limited, the collated expertise of the collaborators aimed at providing guidance for orthopaedic surgeons developing an interest in the field and highlighting areas for potential future research.

Level of Evidence

Level II, consensus.
Efficacy of laser hair removal in hidradenitis suppurativa: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Shipman William D. , Williams Monica N. , Suozzi Kathleen C. , Eisenstein Anna S. , Dover Jeffrey S.
Published: May 2024

Objectives

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by painful nodules, draining tunnels, and fibrotic scarring in intertriginous, hair‐bearing areas. The pathogenesis involves follicular occlusion and subsequent rupture, leading to uncontrolled inflammation. Treatment options for HS are limited and lack universal effectiveness. Laser hair removal (LHR) has been explored as a potential treatment; however, the efficacy and appropriate laser modalities remain unclear. This systematic review examined the efficacy and adverse effects of LHR in HS.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search was conducted from inception to September 2023 in Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, and The Cochrane Library (Wiley) with predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, and a meta‐analysis was conducted.

Results

Ten studies were selected (n = 227 total patients) and included six randomized controlled trials, two nonrandomized experimental studies, and two case series. Various laser modalities, including long‐pulsed neodymium‐doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) (n = 115), intense pulsed light (n = 18), Alexandrite (n = 54), intralesional 1064 nm diode (n = 20), and combined fractional CO2 and long‐pulsed Nd:YAG laser (n = 20), consistently demonstrated significant improvement in HS disease severity, irrespective of the disease scoring method used. Minimal adverse effects (primarily mild pain and erythema) were reported. A meta‐analysis of three studies utilizing long‐pulsed Nd:YAG laser demonstrated a standardized mean difference in disease severity of −1.68 (95% confidence interval: −2.99; −0.37), favoring treatment with LHR for HS.

Conclusions

Hair follicles are key in HS pathogenesis and all included studies showed a significant improvement in HS disease severity after LHR regardless of the laser device used, likely related to hair follicle unit destruction. HS is a complex and heterogenous condition, and multiple disease scoring methods complicate outcome comparisons across studies. However, LHR, utilizing various techniques, is an effective treatment option for HS with minimal adverse effects.
Identification and functional analysis of a rare variant of gene DHX37 in a patient with 46,XY disorders of sex development
Authors: Jiang Wei , Yu Jing , Mao Yu , Tang Yunman , Cao Li , Du Qin , Li Jianan , Yang Jiyun
Published: May 2024

Background

46,XY sex reversal 11 (SRXY11) [OMIM#273250] is characterized by genital ambiguity that may range from mild male genital defects to gonadal sex reversal in severe cases. DHX37 is an RNA helicase that has recently been reported as a cause of SRXY11. So far, a total of 21 variants in DHX37 have been reported in 58 cases with 46,XY disorders of sex development (DSD).

Methods

Whole exome sequencing (WES) was conducted to screen for variations in patients with 46,XY DSD. The subcellular localization of mutant DHX37 proteins was detected by immunofluorescence. And the levels of mutant DHX37 proteins were detected via Western blotting.

Results

A novel pathogenic variant of DHX37 was identified in a patient with 46,XY DSD c.2012G > C (p.Arg671Thr). Bioinformatics analysis showed that the protein function of the variant was impaired. Compared with the structure of the wild‐type DHX37 protein, the number of hydrogen bonds and interacting amino acids of the variant protein were changed to varying degrees. In vitro assays revealed that the variant had no significant effect on the intracellular localization of the protein but significantly reduced the expression level of the protein.

Conclusions

Our finding further expands the spectrum of the DHX37 variant and could assist in the molecular diagnosis of 46,XY DSD patients.