bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERISTILAHAN ASING DALAM HARIAN RIAU POS PEKANBARU
Authors: Marnetti Marnetti
Published: June 2018

This article aims at describing kinds of foreign language terms and their usage in headline news in Riau Pos newspaper for the period of July to August 2015 by applying descriptive method. Data that have been collected then analyzed by the theory of forming terms so that the foreign terms in the headline news can be observed. After analyzing the data, they were classified based on the process of creating equivalent terms. The result of the study shows that the kinds of term by the process of creating equivalent terms, among others 1) direct translation, and translation by inventing new terms. The foreign language terms are written in italic. The source language is English. Some of the foreign terms are completed with the meaning in bahasa Indonesia. Besides, some others have the same forms in bahasa Indonesia and the others are absorbed from the foreign language with the adjustment of written forms in bahasa Indonesia.AbstrakTulisan ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan jenis-jenis istilah asing dan pemakaiannya pada berita utama dalam harian Riau Pos selama bulan Juli dan Agustus 2015 dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif. Data yang telah dikumpulkan kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan teori pembentukan istilah sehingga akan terlihat apa saja istilah asing yang terdapat pada berita utama tersebut. Setelah dianalisis, data diklasifikasikan menurut proses pemadanan istilah. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan jenis-jenis istilah melalui proses pemadanan istilah, yaitu 1) penerjemahan langsung dan 2) penerjemahan dengan perekaan. Istilah-istilah asing tersebut ditulis dengan huruf miring. Bahasa yang digunakan sebagai bahasa sumber adalah bahasa Inggris. Beberapa istilah asing tersebut disertakan arti dalam bahasa Indonesia, mempunyai bentuk yang sama dalam bahasa Indonesia dan diserap dengan penyesuaian bentuk tulisan.
KREATIVITAS BERBAHASA DALAM SASTRA ANAK INDONESIA
Authors: Wahyuni Dessy
Published: June 2018

Children literature, ideally, is a form of imaginatif creation in using language which is appropriate with children’s world and need. Children literature should be able to present understanding and experiences of aesthetic values (especially in using language. Therefore, children literature are really expected to have meaningful values for children. Otherwise, in fact, the value of meaningfulness for children often neglected. By implementing stylistic approach, the writing of this article to highlight ten folklore books published byPusat Bahasa that intended to children. These story books are selected randomly in order to observe creativity in using language in the opening and closing setences in the stories. This article attempts to observe the realtionship among language, creativity and children literature. The basic assumption is that improving language creativity (for children) are able to be carried out through children literature. However, by applying descriptive analysis method, the result of this article shows that the children literature users as a media to improve the creativity in using language have not reached maximal potention. The imagination world that is produced from children’s way of thinking to produce creativity in using language are necessary to be developed and to be explored by creating children literature that are produced by using interesting syle.AbstrakSastra anak, idealnya, merupakan bentuk kreasi imajinatif berbahasa yang sesuai dengan dunia dan kebutuhan anak. Sastra anak seharusnya mampu menghadirkan pemahaman dan pengalaman nilai-nilai estetika (berbahasa, khususnya). Sastra anak, dengan demikian, benar-benar dapat diharapkan memiliki nilai kebermaknaan bagi anak-anak. Namun, dalam kenyataannya, nilai kebermaknaan bagi anak-anak itu sering terabaikan. Melalui pendekatan stilistika, penulisan ini menyorot sepuluh cerita rakyat terbitan Pusat Bahasa yang diperuntukkan bagi anak. Buku-buku cerita ini dipilih secara acak untuk melihat kreativitas berbahasa pada kalimat pembuka dan penutup cerita. Tulisan ini hendak mencoba melihat keterkaitan antara bahasa, kreativitas, dan sastra anak. Asumsi dasarnya adalah membangun kreativitas berbahasa (pada anak) dapat dilakukan melalui sastra anak. Akan tetapi, dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif analisis, hasil penulisan ini memperlihatkan bahwa pemanfaatan sastra anak sebagai media pembangun kreativitas berbahasa masih belum mencapai potensi yang maksimal. Dunia imajinasi yang dihasilkan oleh pola pikir anak untuk menghasilkan kreativitas berbahasa masih perlu dikembangkan dan digali melalui penciptaan karya sastra anak yang dikemas dengan gaya bahasa yang menarik.
CITRAAN DALAM KUMPULAN SAJAK ORGASMAYA KARYA HASAN ASPAHANI
Authors: Maulina Yeni
Published: June 2018

Imagery is an important element in a poem. An idea that is originally abstract can be conceived and expressed through imagery. Imagery is generated through expression of words so that readers can easily imagine it. This study aims to determine types of imagery contained in the Orgasmaya anthology of Hasan Aspahani’s work. The method used in this research is the descriptive qualitative method. The research findings reveal that of the 74 poems that were analyzed, there are 74 data fragments of the poems containing imagery. There are 11 fragments of the poems containing visual imagery, 22 fragments containing auditory imagery, 4 fragments containing olfactory imagery, 5 fragments containing feeling imagery, 7 fragments containing palpation imagery, and 25 fragments containing motion imagery. Based on the analysis of imagery on the Orgasmaya poem anthology of Hasan Aspahani’s work, the most appeared imagery in the poems is motion imagery. It is due to the fact that the poets are able to visualize motions to readers which described through the proper choices of diction to see the beauty and natural phenomena, daily life, and social conflict as the building of imagery in his poems.AbstrakCitraan merupakan sebuah unsur yang penting dalam sebuah sajak. Melalui citraan, sebuah ide yang semula abstrak dapat dibayangkan dan diekspresikan. Citraan merupakan gambaran yang dibangkitkan lewat sebuah kata sehingga pembaca dengan mudah dapat mengimajinasikannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis citraan apa saja yang terdapat pada kumpulan sajak Orgasmaya karya Hasan Aspahani. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa dari 74 sajak yang dianalisis terdapat 74 data penggalan sajak yang mengandung citraan. Terdapat 11 penggalan sajak yang mengandung citraan penglihatan, 22 penggalan sajak yang mengandung citraan pendengaran, 4 penggalan sajak yang mengandung citraan penciuman, 5 penggalan sajak yang mengandung citraan rasaan, 7 penggalan sajak yang mengandung citraan rabaan, dan 25 penggalan sajak yang mengandung citraan gerak. Berdasarkan analisis citraan kumpulan sajak tersebut terlihat yang paling banyak muncul adalah citraan gerak. Hal ini disebabkan oleh penyair yang mampu memanfaatkan pembaca agar dapat membayangkan gerakan yang digambarkan oleh penyair melalui diksi yang tepat untuk melihat keindahan dan fenomena alam, kehidupan sehari-hari, serta konflik sosial sebagai bangunan citra dalam sajak-sajaknya.
UNGKAPAN PANTANG LARANG MASYARAKAT MELAYU BELANTIK
Authors: Syahrir Elvina
Published: June 2018

The study aims to describe  about abstinence forbids of Belantik Malay community and to obtain  to  know  meaning  and  value  that  contained  in  the  abstinence  forbids.  The  writer found that there were twenty three abstinence forbids of the Belantik Malay community. By applying qualitative descriptive method, it is obtained that the abstinence forbids observed in Belantik Malay contain in terms of the religion, education, custom, and health. In fact, the  abstinence  forbids  had  a  magic  power  that  used  as  a  guidance  the  way  of  life  of Belantik Malay community. They believe that they will get side effects if they disobey them individually and in their group.AbstrakPenelitian  ini  bertujuan    untuk  mendeskripsikan  ungkapan  pantang  larang  dalam masyarakat  Melayu  Belantik.  Selain  itu,  tulisan  ini  juga  bertujuan  untuk  mengetahui makna  dan  nilai  yang  terkandung  dalam  ungkapan  pantang  larang  tersebut.  Penulis menemukan terdapat  dua  puluh  tiga  ungkapan  pantang  larang  dalam masyarakat Melayu Belantik. Melalui metode  deskriptif  kualitatif  tergambar  bahwa  ungkapan  pantang  larang dalam  masyarakat  Melayu  Belantik mengandung  nilai  agama,  pendidikan,  adat,  dan kesehatan.  Ungkapan  pantang  larang  memiliki  kekuatan  (gaib/ajaib)  sebagai  penuntun hidup  dan  pedoman  bagi  masyarakat  Melayu  Belantik.  Masyarakat  Melayu  Belantik percaya bahwa peristiwa tersebut apabila mereka langgar atau abaikan akan berakibat bagi kehidupan pribadi atau bahkan masyarakatnya.
ANALISIS GAYA BAHASA DALAM SLOGAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP
Authors: Marnetti Marnetti
Published: June 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan jenis-jenis slogan lingkungan hidup dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Data dalam penelitian ini adalah slogan-slogan lingkungan hidup yang diambil dari salah satu situs internet dengan judul “Pengertian dan 100 Contoh Slogan Lingkungan Hidup Terbaik” (www.pribahasaindonesia.com). Data yang telah dikumpulkan kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan teori diksi, gaya bahasa, dan semantik sehingga akan terlihat jenis-jenis gaya bahasa  dan makna yang terkandung  dalam slogan tersebut. Setelah dianalisis, data diklasifikasikan berdasarkan jenis-jenis gaya bahasa dan makna yang terdapat dalam slogan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat empat puluh sembilan gaya bahasa sederhana, dua belas gaya bahasa repetisi, enam gaya bahasa paralelisme, satu gaya bahasa anastrof, tiga gaya bahasa asonansi, delapan gaya bahasa metonimia, tiga gaya bahasa personifikasi, satu gaya bahasa asindenton, tiga gaya bahasa percakapan, tiga gaya bahasa eponim, tiga gaya bahasa antitesis, empat gaya bahasa tidak resmi dan 1 gaya bahasa kiasmus. Makna yang terkandung dalam slogan lingkungan hidup adalah delapan puluh makna leksikal, sepuluh makna kias, dua makna asosiatif, dan dua makna ilokusi. Gaya bahasa yang paling banyak terdapat dalam slogan ini adalah gaya bahasa sederhana dan beberapa dari slogan tersebut menggunakan istilah asing.
SIKAP HIDUP PERANAKAN TIONGHOA DALAM NOVEL CA BAU KAN KARYA REMY SYLADO
Authors: Herleni Sari
Published: June 2018

Penelitian ini dilandasi anggapan bahwa setiap karya sastra merupakan gambaran realita yang ada. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan keberadaan latar sosial budaya dalam sebuah karya sastra dan sekaligus menambah pengetahuan tentang masyarakat Peranakan Tionghoa sebagai salah satu bagian dari masyarakat Indonesia. Metode yang diterapkan adalah deskriptif dengan pendekatan sosiologi sastra. Hasil yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa novel Ca Bau Kan karya Remy Sylado menggambarkan garis besar sikap hidup masyarakat peranakan Tionghoa. Sikap positif terdiri atas hal-hal berikut ini: (a) menghargai waktu dan uang, (b) tidak mau menyerang lawan dari belakang, dan (c) sangat menjunjung tinggi rasa percaya dan kerja keras. Sikap negatif terdiri atas hal-hal berikut ini: (a) bersikap mengambil cara apapun untuk menyelesaikan masalah, (b) kesenangan untuk memelihara wanita lain, dan (c) memiliki rasa kebangsaan yang sangat tipis terhadap negara tempat mereka mendapatkan mata pencaharian dan kehidupan.
Pace of movement: the role of single neurons in the subthalamic nucleus
Authors: Tankus Ariel , Mirelman Anat , Giladi Nir , Fried Itzhak , Hausdorff Jeffrey M.
Published: June 2018

OBJECTIVE

The ability to modulate the pace of movement is a critical factor in the smooth operation of the motor system. The authors recently described distinct and overlapping representations of movement kinematics in the subthalamic nucleus (STN), but it is still unclear how movement pace is modulated according to the demands of the task at the neuronal level in this area. The goal of this study was to clarify how different movement paces are being controlled by neurons in the STN.

METHODS

The authors performed direct recording of the electrical activity of single neurons in the STN of neurosurgical patients with Parkinson’s disease undergoing implantation of a deep brain stimulator under local anesthesia while the patients performed repetitive foot and hand movements intraoperatively at multiple paces.

RESULTS

A change was observed in the neuronal population controlling the movement for each pace. The mechanism for switching between these controlling populations differs for hand and foot movements.

CONCLUSIONS

These findings suggest that disparate schemes are utilized in the STN for neuronal recruitment for motor control of the upper and lower extremities. The results indicate a distributed model of motor control within the STN, where the active neuronal population changes when modifying the task condition and pace.
Endovascular treatment for emergent large vessel occlusion due to severe intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis
Authors: Kang Dong-Hun , Yoon Woong , Kim Seul Kee , Baek Byung Hyun , Lee Yun Young , Kim Yong-Won , Kim Yong-Sun , Hwang Yang-Ha , Kim Joon-Tae , Park Man Seok
Published: June 2018

OBJECTIVE

The optimal treatment strategy for patients with emergent large vessel occlusion (ELVO) due to underlying severe intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) is unclear. The purpose of this study was to compare treatment outcomes from intracranial angioplasty with or without stenting and intraarterial infusion of a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor in patients with ELVO due to severe ICAS, and to investigate predictors of outcome after endovascular therapy in such patients.

METHODS

A total of 140 consecutive patients with ELVO attributable to severe ICAS underwent endovascular therapy at two stroke centers (A and B). Intracranial angioplasty/stenting was primarily performed at center A and intraarterial infusion of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (tirofiban) at center B. Data from both centers were prospectively collected into a database and retrospectively analyzed.

RESULTS

Overall, successful reperfusion was achieved in 95% (133/140) of patients and a good outcome in 60% (84/140). The mortality rate was 7.9%. Symptomatic hemorrhage occurred in 1 patient. There were no significant differences in the rates of successful reperfusion, symptomatic hemorrhage, 3-month modified Rankin scale score 0–2, and mortality between the two centers. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed the only independent predictor of good outcome was a history of previous stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) (odds ratio 0.254, 95% confidence interval 0.094–0.689, p = 0.007).

CONCLUSIONS

Both intracranial angioplasty/stenting and intraarterial infusion of a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor are effective and safe in the treatment of underlying severe ICAS in acute stroke patients with ELVO. In addition, a lack of a history of stroke/TIA was the only independent predictor of good outcome after endovascular therapy in such patients.
Microsurgical treatment of unruptured middle cerebral artery aneurysms: a large, contemporary experience
Authors: Nussbaum Eric S. , Madison Michael T. , Goddard James K. , Lassig Jeffrey P. , Kallmes Kevin M. , Nussbaum Leslie A.
Published: June 2018

OBJECTIVE

Advances in endovascular therapy for the treatment of middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms have led to scrutiny of its benefits compared with microsurgical repair. To provide information regarding complication rates and outcomes, the authors reviewed the results of a large series of unruptured MCA aneurysms treated with open microsurgery.

METHODS

The authors included all patients who underwent surgical repair of an unruptured MCA aneurysm between 1997 and 2015. All surgical procedures, including clipping, wrapping, bypass, and parent artery occlusion, were performed by a single neurosurgeon. Aneurysm occlusion was assessed using intraoperative digital subtraction angiography (DSA) or DSA and indocyanine green videoangiography in all cases. Postoperatively, all patients were monitored in a neurointensive care unit overnight. Clinical follow-up was scheduled for 2–4 weeks after surgery, and angiographic follow-up was performed in those patients with subtotally occluded aneurysms at 1, 2, and 5 years postoperation.

RESULTS

The authors treated 750 unruptured MCA aneurysms in 716 patients: 649 (86.5%) aneurysms were small, 75 (10.0%) were large, and 26 (3.5%) were giant. Most aneurysms (n = 677, 90%) were treated by primary clip reconstruction. The surgical morbidity rate was 2.8%, and the mortality rate was 0%. Complete angiographic aneurysm occlusion was achieved in 92.0% of aneurysms. At final follow-up, 713 patients had a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0, 2 patients had an mRS score of 2 or 3, and 1 had an mRS score of 4.

CONCLUSIONS

In high-volume centers, microsurgical management of MCA aneurysms can be performed with very low morbidity rates. Currently, microsurgical repair appears to be a highly effective method of treating MCA aneurysms.
Strategies to reduce external ventricular drain–related infections: a multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Champey Julia , Mourey Clément , Francony Gilles , Pavese Patricia , Gay Emmanuel , Gergele Laurent , Manet Romain , Velly Lionel , Bruder Nicolas , Payen Jean-François
Published: June 2018

OBJECTIVE

Various strategies have been proposed to reduce the incidence of external ventricular drain (EVD)–related infections. The authors retrospectively studied the impact of EVD care management on EVD-related infections at 3 French university hospital intensive care units.

METHODS

Between 2010 and 2014, 462 consecutive adult patients with no evidence of a preexisting CSF infection received EVDs as part of their care at one of the following sites: Grenoble (221 patients), Saint-Etienne (130 patients), and Marseille (111 patients). Written protocols describing the EVD placement procedure, management, and removal were implemented at the 3 sites. Daily CSF sampling and intraventricular administration of antibiotics prior to EVD removal were performed at the Grenoble site only. EVD-related infection was considered for any confirmed ventriculostomy-related infection (VRI) and ventriculitis. VRI was defined as one or more positive CSF cultures or Gram stain with CSF pleocytosis and biochemical abnormalities. Ventriculitis was defined as CSF pleocytosis and biochemical abnormalities with degradation of neurological status and fever.

RESULTS

A total of 6945 EVD days were observed in the entire population. In the Grenoble cohort, the mean cumulative incidence of EVD-related infections was significantly lower than that in the 2 other cohorts: 1.4% (95% CI 0.0%–2.9%) versus 9.2% (95% CI 4.2%–14.2%) and 7.2% (95% CI 2.4%–12.0%) at Saint-Etienne and Marseille, respectively (p < 0.01). Accounting for the duration of external ventricular drainage at each site, the risk for EVD-related CSF infections was significantly higher at Saint-Etienne and Marseille than at Grenoble, with ORs of 15.9 (95% CI 3.6–71.4, p < 0.001) and 10.0 (95% CI 2.2–45.5, p = 0.003), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

These findings indicate that it is possible to attain a low incidence of EVD-related infections, provided that an EVD care bundle, which can include routine daily CSF sampling, is implemented and strongly adhered to.
Loss of intraoperative neurological monitoring signals during flexed prone positioning on a hinged open frame during surgery for kyphoscoliosis correction: case report
Authors: Graham Randall B. , Cotton Mathew , Koht Antoun , Koski Tyler R.
Published: June 2018

Various complications of prone positioning in spine surgery have been described in the literature. Patients in the prone position for extended periods are subject to neurological deficits and/or loss of intraoperative signals due to compression neuropathies, but positioning-related spinal deficits are rare in the thoracolumbar deformity population. The authors present a case of severe kyphoscoliotic deformity with critical thoracolumbar stenosis in which, during the use of a hinged open frame in the prone position, complete loss of intraoperative neural monitoring signals occurred while the frame was flexed into kyphosis to facilitate exposure and instrumentation placement. When the frame was reset to a neutral position, evoked potentials returned to baseline and the operation proceeded without complications. This case represents, to the authors’ knowledge, the first report of loss of evoked potentials due to an alteration of prone positioning on a hinged open frame. When positioning patients in such a manner, careful attention should be directed to intraoperative signals in patients with critical stenosis and kyphotic deformity.
Measuring the economic effects of data breaches on firm outcomes: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Makridis Christos , Dean Benjamin
Published: June 2018

We introduce a new dataset that links publicly reported data breaches and financial outcomes at the firm-level. First, we document three new facts about the incidence of data breaches: (i) heavy skewness in the distribution of the scale of data breaches, (ii) heterogeneity in records breached by sector, and (iii) differences in records breached between publicly traded and private firms. Second, while we find some evidence, using cross-sectional variation and controlling for time-varying observable firm inputs, that a 10% rise in breaches is associated with approximately a 0.2% decline in firm productivity, the result is sensitive to different specifications and datasets. Third, we show that the absence of more reliable estimates is driven by non-classical measurement error arising from sample selection problems in publicly reported breach data. We conclude by discussing the importance of developing reliable measurement approaches for answering policy questions in cyber security.
Appraising the Poetic Power of Children's Video Games
Authors: Reay Emma
Published: June 2018

To date, most studies of video games by children's literature scholars have been ‘child-oriented’ rather than ‘text-oriented’, focusing on the needs and capabilities of child-players rather than on the literary and artistic potential of the games themselves. This essay proposes that in-depth textual analyses of children's video games will not only illuminate the aesthetic value of specific texts, but also refashion and redirect scholarly debate about the medium itself. What is more, an open dialogue between games scholarship and children's literature scholarship is likely to yield the kind of rich, flexible and nuanced critical discourse necessary to navigate a rapidly evolving, increasingly diverse children's media ecology. Here the case is made for both a strong interdisciplinary alliance between children's literature scholarship and games scholarship, and for modelling a style of close reading that attends specifically to the visual, auditory, tactile and performative elements of children's video games. This method of close reading is called ‘critical ekphrasis’, where ‘ekphrasis’ denotes the careful and creative transcription of the supralinguistic, non-verbal signifiers of video games for the purpose of critical analysis. Critical ekphrasis is offered as a bridge between disciplines that enables children's literature scholars to bring their unique expertise to bear on the complex, varied and exciting body of texts that constitutes ‘children's video games’.
Environmental Sustainability Assessment of Horticultural Systems: A Multi-Criteria Evaluation Approach Applied in a Case Study in Mediterranean Conditions
Authors: Montemurro Francesco , Persiani Alessandro , Diacono Mariangela
Published: June 2018

An increasing interest and sensitivity of consumers and public opinion toward high-quality food products obtained with environmentally-friendly production methods has recently been detected. To this end, one of the key roles could be played by an environmental evaluation of the crop production. This research was performed to test a new multi-attribute decision model (DEXi-met) that is able to estimate the environmental sustainability of different agronomic practices in horticultural rotations. The model was used at the cropping system level on the basis of data from a long-term experiment in organic horticulture. It was tested on different cropping managements under climate change conditions. The DEXi-met mixed model (qualitative and qualitative basic attributes) generated four aggregated attributes to assess sustainability indicators (production capacity, soil, water and resources preservation, and biodiversity conservation) and the overall environmental sustainability. The model validation indicated that the introduction of agro-ecological services crops can increase the environmental sustainability of an organic cropping systems by promoting the whole soil–plant system equilibrium. The application of this tool could help maximize the efficient use of agronomical practices and quantify their environmental sustainability. DEXi-met could help agricultural advisors and policymakers schedule their decisions to find the right compromise between crop yield increase and the impact of agricultural activities.
Protective Effect of Aqueous Extract from the Leaves of Justicia tranquebariesis against Thioacetamide-Induced Oxidative Stress and Hepatic Fibrosis in Rats
Authors: Sukalingam Kumeshini , Ganesan Kumar , Xu Baojun
Published: June 2018

The present study aims to examine the protective effect of Justicia tranquebariesis on thioacetamide (TAA)-induced oxidative stress and hepatic fibrosis. Male Wister albino rats (150–200 g) were divided into five groups. Group 1 was normal control. Group 2 was J. tranquebariensis (400 mg/kg bw/p.o.)-treated control. Group 3 was TAA (100 mg/kg bw/s.c.)-treated control. Groups 4 and 5 were orally administered with the leaf extract of J. tranquebariensis (400 mg/kg bw) and silymarin (50 mg/kg bw) daily for 10 days with a subsequent administration of a single dose of TAA (100 mg/kg/s.c.). Blood and livers were collected and assayed for various antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx, GST, GSH, and GR). Treatment with J. tranquebariensis significantly reduced liver TBARS and enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes in TAA-induced fibrosis rats. Concurrently, pretreatment with J. tranquebariensis significantly reduced the elevated liver markers (AST, ALT, ALP, GGT, and TB) in the blood. In addition, J. tranquebariensis- and silymarin- administered rats demonstrated the restoration of normal liver histology and reduction in fibronectin and collagen deposition. Based on these findings, J. tranquebariensis has potent liver protective functions and can alleviate thioacetamide-induced oxidative stress, hepatic fibrosis and possible engross mechanisms connected to antioxidant potential.
The Effects of Camelina “Soheil” as a Novel Biodiesel Fuel on the Performance and Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engine
Authors: Hoseini Seyed Salar , Najafi Gholamhassam , Ghobadian Barat , Yusaf Talal , Ebadi Mohammad Taghi
Published: June 2018

In this research, a new cultivar of Camelina “Soheil” seed oil (CSO) was investigated as a novel feedstock for biodiesel production. Maximum oil content of CSO seed was about 29%. Physical and chemical characteristics of CSO were investigated. The biodiesel production process was optimized by using the response surface methodology (RSM) reaction parameters, including molar ratio (methanol to oil), reaction time, and concentration of catalyst are studied. The result showed that the conversion of biodiesel was 98.91% under the optimized conditions of 10.18:1 molar ratio and 1.15 wt % concentration of catalyst for a reaction time of 7.33 min. By investigating the properties of the fuel, it turned out that biodiesel from new cultivar of CSO oil complied with the limits prescribed in the ASTM D6751 standards, and that this seed oil could be introduced as a new feedstock for biodiesel production. Also, the performance and emission of a diesel engine were investigated with CSO biodiesel. All of the engine experiments were performed under the constant speed of 2100 rpm at loads of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. Results indicated that by using the biodiesel-diesel blends, the brake power, and the CO2 and NOx emissions increased, while the SFC and CO and UHC emissions decreased.
Design and Experimental Validation of a Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control System Based on Supervised Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Wei Shouyang , Zou Yuan , Zhang Tao , Zhang Xudong , Wang Wenwei
Published: June 2018

This paper presents a supervised reinforcement learning (SRL)-based framework for longitudinal vehicle dynamics control of cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC) system. A supervisor network trained by real driving data is incorporated into the actor-critic reinforcement learning approach. In the SRL training process, the actor and critic network are updated under the guidance of the supervisor and the gain scheduler. As a result, the training success rate is improved, and the driver characteristics can be learned by the actor to achieve a human-like CACC controller. The SRL-based control policy is compared with a linear controller in typical driving situations through simulation, and the control policies trained by drivers with different driving styles are compared using a real driving cycle. Furthermore, the proposed control strategy is demonstrated by a real vehicle-following experiment with different time headways. The simulation and experimental results not only validate the effectiveness and adaptability of the SRL-based CACC system, but also show that it can provide natural following performance like human driving.
Art Vandalism and Guardianship in US Art Institutions
Authors: Salomon Katharine , Roelfs David J. , Schroeder Ryan , Morrin Peter , Begley John
Published: June 2018

Art crime scholars and art world professionals constantly grapple with determining the most effective methods by which to reduce and prevent victimization by art vandals. Despite the numerous accounts of this form of criminality, there is a dearth of empirical studies focused on the security and care of art collections. Using Routine Activities Theory to guide the research, the present study explores the relationship between social and physical guardianship practices and the prevalence of art vandalism using questionnaire data collected from 111 American art museums and art galleries. The results indicate an overwhelming lack of association between the majority of the guardianship measures and vandalism victimization, a pattern consistent with the possibility that social and physical guardianship practices are not implemented until after an act of vandalism has already occurred.
Towards a Design Process for Computer-Aided Biomimetics
Authors: Kruiper Ruben , Vincent Julian F. V. , Abraham Eitan , Soar Rupert C. , Konstas Ioannis , Chen-Burger Jessica , Desmulliez Marc P. Y.
Published: June 2018

Computer-Aided Biomimetics (CAB) tools aim to support the integration of relevant biological knowledge into biomimetic problem-solving processes. Specific steps of biomimetic processes that require support include the identification, selection and abstraction of relevant biological analogies. Existing CAB tools usually aim to support these steps by describing biological systems in terms of functions, although engineering functions do not map naturally to biological functions. Consequentially, the resulting static, functional view provides an incomplete understanding of biological processes, which are dynamic, cyclic and self-organizing. This paper proposes an alternative approach that revolves around the concept of trade-offs. The aim is to include the biological context, such as environmental characteristics, that may provide information crucial to the transfer of biological information to an engineering application. The proposed design process is exemplified by an illustrative case study.
Erratum: Khan, N.I.; Maddaus, A.G.; Song, E. A Low-Cost Inkjet-Printed Aptamer-Based Electrochemical Biosensor for the Selective Detection of Lysozyme. Biosensors 2018, 8, 7
Authors:   Biosensors Editorial Office
Published: June 2018

The Biosensors Editorial Office wishes to correct the following errors in this paper [...]
Diagnosis and Surgical Treatment of Epilepsy
Authors: Boling Warren
Published: June 2018

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Translating across Disciplines: On Coding Interior Architecture Theory to Advance Complex Indoor Environment Quality
Authors: Pearce Linda
Published: June 2018

While indoor environment quality (IEQ) measurement is an established process, it omits the pleasure of interior environments, possibly due to its perceived subjectivity in the context of objective productivity and profitability. Given the significant commercial interior design industry, which engages with the complexity of indoor habitation, there exists an opportunity to expand the scope of IEQ appraisal through inclusion of the interior architecture discipline as an IEQ stakeholder. This theoretical paper reframes existing building appraisal as convergent methods that are contingent on the discipline and audience, and proposes a sequential mixed methods research process that allows subjective and objective research methods integration. Drawing on the interior architecture discipline, and its holistic ‘interiority’, a content analysis of selected theoretical texts identifies candidate quality components for future development and use in environment quality measurement. The intention of this process is to translate across the interior architecture and architectural science disciplines by coding interior architecture perspectives into possible measurable variables. These broader candidate variables would likely be more inclusive of the lived experience and agency of occupants of interior spaces. Furthermore, they offer the possibility for extended complex indoor environment quality data for future use in advanced statistics.
Recent Advances in ω-Transaminase-Mediated Biocatalysis for the Enantioselective Synthesis of Chiral Amines
Authors: D. Patil Mahesh , Grogan Gideon , Bommarius Andreas , Yun Hyungdon
Published: June 2018

Chiral amines are important components of 40–45% of small molecule pharmaceuticals and many other industrially important fine chemicals and agrochemicals. Recent advances in synthetic applications of ω-transaminases for the production of chiral amines are reviewed herein. Although a new pool of potential ω-transaminases is being continuously screened and characterized from various microbial strains, their industrial application is limited by factors such as disfavored reaction equilibrium, poor substrate scope, and product inhibition. We present a closer look at recent developments in overcoming these challenges by various reaction engineering approaches. Furthermore, protein engineering techniques, which play a crucial role in improving the substrate scope of these biocatalysts and their operational stability, are also presented. Last, the incorporation of ω-transaminases in multi-enzymatic cascades, which significantly improves their synthetic applicability in the synthesis of complex chemical compounds, is detailed. This analysis of recent advances shows that ω-transaminases will continue to provide an efficient alternative to conventional catalysis for the synthesis of enantiomerically pure amines.
Natural Hematite and Siderite as Heterogeneous Catalysts for an Effective Degradation of 4-Chlorophenol via Photo-Fenton Process
Authors: Bel Hadjltaief Haithem , Sdiri Ali , Gálvez María Elena , Zidi Haythem , Da Costa Patrick , Ben Zina Mourad
Published: June 2018

This paper describes a simple and low-cost process for the degradation of 4-Chlorophenol (4-CP) from aqueous solution, using natural Tunisian Hematite (M1) and Siderite (M2). Two natural samples were collected in the outcroppings of the Djerissa mining site (Kef district, northwestern Tunisia). Both Hematite and Siderite ferrous samples were characterized using several techniques, including X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Nitrogen Physisorption (BET), Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), H2-Temperature Programmed Reduction (H2-TPR), Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM) linked with Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDS) and High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM). Textural, structural and chemical characterization confirmed the presence of Hematite and Siderite phases with a high amount of iron on the both surface materials. Their activity was evaluated in the oxidation of 4-CP in aqueous medium under heterogeneous photo-Fenton process. Siderite exhibited higher photocatalytic oxidation activity than Hematite at pH 3. The experimental results also showed that 100% conversion of 4-CP and 54% TOC removal can be achieved using Siderite as catalyst. Negligible metal leaching and catalyst reutilization without any loss of activity point towards an excellent catalytic stability for both natural catalysts.
Evaluating the Nutritional Content of Children’s Breakfast Cereals in Australia
Authors: Tong Terence , Rangan Anna , Gemming Luke
Published: June 2018

Breakfast is an important contributor to the daily dietary intake of children. This study investigated the nutritional composition of ready to eat (RTE) children’s breakfast cereals, which display fictional cartoon characters and themes, compared to other cereals available in Australia. Nutrient content claims on packaging were also examined. Data were collected from RTE breakfast cereal packages (N = 347) from four major supermarkets in Sydney. Cereals were classified based on product type and promotional information displayed. Overall, 46% of children’s cereals were classified as “less healthy” as per nutrient profiling score criteria. Children’s cereals had a similar energy and sodium content per 100 g compared to other cereals but contained significantly higher levels of total sugar and lower levels of protein and dietary fibre compared to other varieties. Children’s cereals with nutrient content claims had improved (lower) nutrient profiling scores than those that did not (2 vs. 13, p = 0.021), but total sugar per 100 g was similar: 25 g (interquartile range (IQR) 14 g) vs. 32 g (IQR 19 g). In conclusion, RTE children’s breakfast cereals were found to be less healthy compared to other cereals on the market and the use of nutrient content claims on children’s cereals may mislead consumers regarding their overall nutrient profile.
Statistical Estimate of Radon Concentration from Passive and Active Detectors in Doha
Authors: Mwitondi Kassim , Al Sadig Ibrahim , Hassona Rifaat , Taylor Charles , Yousef Adil
Published: June 2018

Harnessing knowledge on the physical and natural conditions that affect our health, general livelihood and sustainability has long been at the core of scientific research. Health risks of ionising radiation from exposure to radon and radon decay products in homes, work and other public places entail developing novel approaches to modelling occurrence of the gas and its decaying products, in order to cope with the physical and natural dynamics in human habitats. Various data modelling approaches and techniques have been developed and applied to identify potential relationships among individual local meteorological parameters with a potential impact on radon concentrations—i.e., temperature, barometric pressure and relative humidity. In this first research work on radon concentrations in the State of Qatar, we present a combination of exploratory, visualisation and algorithmic estimation methods to try and understand the radon variations in and around the city of Doha. Data were obtained from the Central Radiation Laboratories (CRL) in Doha, gathered from 36 passive radon detectors deployed in various schools, residential and work places in and around Doha as well as from one active radon detector located at the CRL. Our key findings show high variations mainly attributable to technical variations in data gathering, as the equipment and devices appear to heavily influence the levels of radon detected. A parameter maximisation method applied to simulate data with similar behaviour to the data from the passive detectors in four of the neighbourhoods appears appropriate for estimating parameters in cases of data limitation. Data from the active detector exhibit interesting seasonal variations—with data clustering exhibiting two clearly separable groups, with passive and active detectors exhibiting a huge disagreement in readings. These patterns highlight challenges related to detection methods—in particular ensuring that deployed detectors and calculations of radon concentrations are adapted to local conditions. The study doesn’t dwell much on building materials and makes rather fundamental assumptions, including an equal exhalation rate of radon from the soil across neighbourhoods, based on Doha’s homogeneous underlying geological formation. The study also highlights potential extensions into the broader category of pollutants such as hydrocarbon, air particulate carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide at specific time periods of the year and particularly how they may tie in with global health institutions’ requirements.
Fatal Human Case of Zika and Chikungunya Virus Co-Infection with Prolonged Viremia and Viruria
Authors: Silva Kelly R. , Bica Blanca E. R. G. , Pimenta Eduardo S. , Serafim Rodrigo B. , Abreu Mirhelen M. , Gonçalves Jorge L. S. , Santana Larissa de S. , Cabral-Castro Mauro J. , Peralta José M. , Cavalcanti Marta G.
Published: June 2018

Zika virus (ZIKV) infection usually presents as a mild and self-limited illness, but it may be associated with severe outcomes. We describe a case of a 30-year-old man with systemic erythematous lupus and common variable immunodeficiency who became infected with both Zika (ZIKV) and Chikungunya (CHIKV) virus during the 2016 outbreak in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The patient presented with intense wrist and right ankle arthritis, and ZIKV RNA and virus particles were detected in synovial tissue, blood and urine, and CHIKV RNA in serum sample, at the time of the diagnosis. During the follow up, ZIKV RNA persisted for 275 days post symptoms onset. The patient evolved with severe arthralgia/arthritis and progressive deterioration of renal function. Fatal outcome occurred after 310 days post ZIKV and CHIKV co-infection onset. The results show the development of severe disease and fatal outcome of ZIKV infection in an immunosuppressed adult. The data suggests a correlation between immunodeficiency and prolonged ZIKV RNA shedding in both blood and urine with progressive disease. The results also indicate a possible role for arbovirus co-infections as risk factors for severe and fatal outcomes from ZIKV infection.
An In Vitro Study on the Effect of Amorphous Calcium Phosphate and Fluoride Solutions on Color Improvement of White Spot Lesions
Authors: Farzanegan Fahimeh , Ameri Hamideh , Miri Soleiman Ilnaz , Khodaverdi Elham , Rangrazi Abdolrasoul
Published: June 2018

The ability of remineralizing agents to improve the color of white spot lesions (WSL) is an important aspect that should be investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of 0.05% amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP), 0.5% ACP, and 0.05% fluoride solutions, as well as artificial saliva on the color improvement of white spot lesions (WSLs). In this in vitro study, 50 human premolar teeth were randomly classified into five groups. At baseline, all the samples were assessed by using a colorimeter (E0). Then, white spot lesions were induced on the surface of the teeth by means of a pH-cycling model, and the colorimeter was used again (E1). Afterwards, samples of the 1st and 2nd groups were kept in 0.05% ACP and 0.5% ACP solutions for 1 min/day, respectively. The 3rd group specimens were placed in 0.05% fluoride solution for 1 min/day. The other two groups were kept in artificial saliva and distilled in water separately. All the samples were assessed by the colorimeter for a third time (E2). We found no significant difference between the groups in ∆E1. There was also no significant difference among 0.05% ACP solution, 0.5% ACP solution, 0.05% fluoride solution, and artificial saliva considering ∆E2. However, a significant difference was noted between the above-mentioned solutions and distilled water in ∆E2. With respect to ∆E3, there were considerable differences between ACP solution and artificial saliva. The same results were obtained for the difference between fluoride solution and artificial saliva. However, no significant difference was found among 0.05% ACP, 0.5% ACP, and 0.05% fluoride solutions in terms of ∆E3. In Conclusion, ACP is as effective as fluoride in the color improvement of WSLs and the recommended treatment for this purpose is daily use of 0.05% ACP, 0.5% ACP or 0.05% fluoride solutions.
Failure Rate of Pediatric Dental Treatment under General Anesthesia
Authors: Khodadadi Effat , Mohammadpour Mehrnaz , Motamedian Saeed Reza , Kouhestani Farnaz
Published: June 2018

Aim: To assess the failure rates of various pediatric dental treatments performed under general anesthesia (GA) after six months to five years of follow-up. Design: This multicenter retrospective cohort study was performed on patients treated by five pedodontists in two private hospitals located in northern Iran during 2010–2013 and comprised 155 patients. The patients were recalled and clinically examined. During the clinical examination of the primary teeth, oral hygiene, dmft index, and failure of previous treatments was evaluated. The data were analyzed using the Chi square and regression analyses with a significance level of 0.05. Results: 114 patients (74 males and 40 females, mean age: 37.17 ± 10.75 months) with 1155 primary teeth treated under GA participated in the follow-up. The overall failure rate was 6.59%. The failure rates of pulpectomy, pulopotomy, fissure sealant, stainless steel crown (SSC), amalgam, and composite fillings were 2.90%, 3.03%, 4.83%, 5.26%, 5.33%, and 9.63%, respectively. Among the confounding factors, only gender had a significant effect on the anterior composite failure rate (p = 0.029) and age had a significant effect on the failure rate of fissure sealant therapy (p = 0.015) and SSC (p = 0.018). Conclusion: The overall rate of treatment failure in pediatric patients, treated under GA, was 6.59%.
Optimizing Generation Capacities Incorporating Renewable Energy with Storage Systems Using Genetic Algorithms
Authors: Abbas Farukh , Habib Salman , Feng Donghan , Yan Zheng
Published: June 2018

In grid advancement, energy storage systems are playing an important role in lowering the cost, reducing infrastructural investment, ensuring reliability and increasing operational capability. The storage system can provide stabilization services and is pivotal for backup power for emergencies. With a continuous rise in fuel prices and increasing environmental issues, the energy from renewable resources is gaining more popularity. The main drawbacks of some renewable sources are their intermittent energy generation and uncertain source availability, which has increased interest in energy storage systems (ESSs). This paper investigates the economic feasibility when ESSs are introduced in the electric grid with an expansion of a storage system as well as more percentage of the renewable energy integration and less percentage of fuel consumption by conventional power sources. The Artificial Neural Network is implemented to validate the forecasted load model. The uncertainties associated with the renewable energy system are handled by a chance-constrained model and solved by a genetic algorithm (GA) in MATLAB; selection criteria of GA for optimization process is also discussed in detail. The effectivity of the proposed methodology is verified by applying it to a case that lies in the western region of China.