bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comprehensive Evaluation of the Process of Copying a Complex Figure in Early- and Late-Onset Alzheimer Disease: A Quantitative Analysis of Digital Pen Data
Authors: Kim Ko Woon , Lee Sung Yun , Choi Jongdoo , Chin Juhee , Lee Byung Hwa , Na Duk L , Choi Jee Hyun
Published: June 2020

Background

The Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (RCFT) is a neuropsychological test that is widely used to assess visual memory and visuoconstructional deficits in patients with cognitive impairment, including Alzheimer disease (AD). Patients with AD have an increased tendency for exhibiting extraordinary behaviors in the RCFT for selecting the drawing area, organizing the figure, and deciding the order of images, among other activities. However, the conventional scoring system based on pen and paper has a limited ability to reflect these detailed behaviors.

Objective

This study aims to establish a scoring system that addresses not only the spatial arrangement of the finished drawing but also the drawing process of patients with AD by using digital pen data.

Methods

A digital pen and tablet were used to copy complex figures. The stroke patterns and kinetics of normal controls (NCs) and patients with early-onset AD (EOAD) and late-onset AD (LOAD) were analyzed by comparing the pen tip trajectory, spatial arrangement, and similarity of the finished drawings.

Results

Patients with AD copied the figure in a more fragmented way with a longer pause than NCs (EOAD: P=.045; LOAD: P=.01). Patients with AD showed an increased tendency to draw the figures closer toward the target image in comparison with the NCs (EOAD: P=.005; LOAD: P=.01) Patients with AD showed the lower accuracy than NCs (EOAD: P=.004; LOAD: P=.002). Patients with EOAD and LOAD showed similar but slightly different drawing behaviors, especially in space use and in the initial stage of drawing.

Conclusions

The digitalized complex figure test evaluated copying performance quantitatively and further elucidated the patients’ ongoing process during copying. We believe that this novel approach can be used as a digital biomarker of AD. In addition, the repeatability of the test will delineate the process of executive functions and constructional organization abilities with disease progression.
Clarification of Misleading Perceptions of COVID-19 Fatality and Testing Rates in Italy: Data Analysis
Authors: Tosi Davide , Verde Alessandro , Verde Manuela
Published: June 2020

Background

The fatality rate of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Italy is controversial and is greatly affecting discussion on the impact of containment measures that are straining the world’s social and economic fabric, such as instigating large-scale isolation and quarantine, closing borders, imposing limits on public gatherings, and implementing nationwide lockdowns.

Objective

The scientific community, citizens, politicians, and mass media are expressing concerns regarding data suggesting that the number of COVID-19–related deaths in Italy is significantly higher than in the rest of the world. Moreover, Italian citizens have misleading perceptions related to the number of swab tests that have actually been performed. Citizens and mass media are denouncing the coverage of COVID-19 swab testing in Italy, claiming that it is not in line with that in other countries worldwide.

Methods

In this paper, we attempt to clarify the aspects of COVID-19 fatalities and testing in Italy by performing a set of statistical analyses that highlight the actual numbers in Italy and compare them with official worldwide data.

Results

The analysis clearly shows that the Italian COVID-19 fatality and mortality rates are in line with the official world scenario, as are the numbers of COVID-19 tests performed in Italy and in the Lombardy region.

Conclusions

This up-to-date analysis may elucidate the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy.
Development of an openEHR Template for COVID-19 Based on Clinical Guidelines
Authors: Li Mengyang , Leslie Heather , Qi Bin , Nan Shan , Feng Hongshuo , Cai Hailing , Lu Xudong , Duan Huilong
Published: June 2020

Background

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was discovered in China in December 2019. It has developed into a threatening international public health emergency. With the exception of China, the number of cases continues to increase worldwide. A number of studies about disease diagnosis and treatment have been carried out, and many clinically proven effective results have been achieved. Although information technology can improve the transferring of such knowledge to clinical practice rapidly, data interoperability is still a challenge due to the heterogeneous nature of hospital information systems. This issue becomes even more serious if the knowledge for diagnosis and treatment is updated rapidly as is the case for COVID-19. An open, semantic-sharing, and collaborative-information modeling framework is needed to rapidly develop a shared data model for exchanging data among systems. openEHR is such a framework and is supported by many open software packages that help to promote information sharing and interoperability.

Objective

This study aims to develop a shared data model based on the openEHR modeling approach to improve the interoperability among systems for the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19.

Methods

The latest Guideline of COVID-19 Diagnosis and Treatment in China was selected as the knowledge source for modeling. First, the guideline was analyzed and the data items used for diagnosis and treatment, and management were extracted. Second, the data items were classified and further organized into domain concepts with a mind map. Third, searching was executed in the international openEHR Clinical Knowledge Manager (CKM) to find the existing archetypes that could represent the concepts. New archetypes were developed for those concepts that could not be found. Fourth, these archetypes were further organized into a template using Ocean Template Editor. Fifth, a test case of data exchanging between the clinical data repository and clinical decision support system based on the template was conducted to verify the feasibility of the study.

Results

A total of 203 data items were extracted from the guideline in China, and 16 domain concepts (16 leaf nodes in the mind map) were organized. There were 22 archetypes used to develop the template for all data items extracted from the guideline. All of them could be found in the CKM and reused directly. The archetypes and templates were reviewed and finally released in a public project within the CKM. The test case showed that the template can facilitate the data exchange and meet the requirements of decision support.

Conclusions

This study has developed the openEHR template for COVID-19 based on the latest guideline from China using openEHR modeling methodology. It represented the capability of the methodology for rapidly modeling and sharing knowledge through reusing the existing archetypes, which is especially useful in a new and fast-changing area such as with COVID-19.
Using Internet-Based Psychological Measurement to Capture the Deteriorating Community Mental Health Profile During COVID-19: Observational Study
Authors: van Agteren Joep , Bartholomaeus Jonathan , Fassnacht Daniel B , Iasiello Matthew , Ali Kathina , Lo Laura , Kyrios Michael
Published: June 2020

Background

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is expected to have widespread and pervasive implications for mental health in terms of deteriorating outcomes and increased health service use, leading to calls for empirical research on mental health during the pandemic. Internet-based psychological measurement can play an important role in collecting imperative data, assisting to guide evidence-based decision making in practice and policy, and subsequently facilitating immediate reporting of measurement results to participants.

Objective

The aim of this study is to use an internet-based mental health measurement platform to compare the mental health profile of community members during COVID-19 with community members assessed before the pandemic.

Methods

This study uses an internet-based self-assessment tool to collect data on psychological distress, mental well-being, and resilience in community cohorts during (n=673) and prior to the pandemic (two cohorts, n=1264 and n=340).

Results

Our findings demonstrate significantly worse outcomes on all mental health measures for participants measured during COVID-19 compared to those measured before (P<.001 for all outcomes, effect sizes ranging between Cohen d=0.32 to Cohen d=0.81. Participants who demonstrated problematic scores for at least one of the mental health outcomes increased from 58% (n=197/340) before COVID-19 to 79% (n=532/673) during COVID-19, leading to only 21% (n=141) of measured participants displaying good mental health during the pandemic.

Conclusions

The results clearly demonstrate deterioration in mental health outcomes during COVID-19. Although further research is needed, our findings support the serious mental health implications of the pandemic and highlight the utility of internet-based data collection tools in providing evidence to innovate and strengthen practice and policy during and after the pandemic.
Role of Holistic Education in Empowering University Students for Industrial Development in Tanzania
Authors: Mkulu Demetria Gerold
Published: June 2020

The aim of this paper was to explore the role of holistic education in empowering university students for middle economy development in Tanzania. The government has made various attempts to reform its education system to prepare university learners to manage, develop the country for the middle industrialization economy. Holistic education could be a functional tool for empowering youth for industrial Development. The study was guided by three objectives: To determine the contribution of skills taught at the University in empowering the learners for Industrial Development, examine the education system to industrial development, to determine the attitude of university learners towards self-reliance in Tanzania. The survey design was adopted and purposive sampling, stratified, simple random selection method were used to select 150 participants from a population of 2000 students from five universities. Forty lecturers were selected from a population of 500. Five university deans, and 5 university managers were purposive sampled, this made a total of 200 participants. The study utilized mixed methods, convergent parallel research methods designs, which involved quantitative and qualitative research methods. The instruments for data collection were a questionnaire, in-depth interview guide, and observation. Validity and reliability were checked, the result of Cronbach's alpha was 0.861 indicating that the instruments were valid and reliable. Data was collected, coded using expressive statistics with the support package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 21. Qualitative information were coded by the naming of conceptual categories and main themes to obtain numerous realities. The results demonstrated that majority of graduates in Tanzania were preparing for white collar's job, they lack capacity to transfer theoretical to work place situation which is needed. The study suggested: Educational Curriculum needs to be reviewed to meet the demand of the people, commence an intensive mentoring programs by formulating link with other industry investors, alumni, professional, and business professions so that university learners can acquire knowledge and skills for industrial development.
Management Challenges Facing School Administrators and Pupils’ Academic Performance in Public Primary Schools in Sengerema District Mwanza, Tanzania
Authors: Charles Andrew , Mkulu Dr. Demetria Gerold
Published: June 2020

The study sought to establish the management challenges facing school administrators and pupils’ academic performance in public primary schools. The study was guided by the following objectives; to identify management challenges facing school administrators and pupils’ academic performance in public primary schools, to find out how management challenges affect pupils’ academic performance in public primary schools, to determine the possible measures to curb management challenges facing school administrators and pupils’ academic performance in public primary schools. A sample of ten public primary schools from a population of ninety-eight schools was selected for the study. The participants were teachers, school committee chairpersons, ward educational officers, district educational officer, and district school quality assurance. The data gathering was done through the use of questionnaires and interview guide. The findings revealed that there were management challenges facing school administrators and pupils’ academic performance in public primary school which included insufficient budget, poor cooperation with education stakeholders, over[1]enrollments of pupils, shortage of infrastructure, lack of teaching/learning resources and shortage of teachers. The identified challenges had negatively affected the schools' and pupils' academic performances because it has lead to pupils’ absenteeism in schools. To curb these challenges educational stakeholders had to invest more in education by establishing different income-generating activities in school. The researcher concludes that educational stakeholders could help in building school infrastructures and finally recommended that, the government should allocate more funds to schools, employ more teachers and school administrators should cooperate with all educational stakeholders in curbing management challenges.
What is money in a critical macro-finance framework?
Authors: Murau Steffen , Pforr Tobias
Published: June 2020

This forum contribution explains how analyzing the creation, distribution, and
destruction of contemporary credit money is placed centre stage in the emerging
field of critical macro-finance. This approach not only involves traditional
forms of money but also ‘shadow money’: private credit instruments which are not
regulated as money from a legal standpoint, but in many respects are
functionally equivalent to ‘established’ forms of money. To connect different
positions in this discourse, we propose three core criteria for defining shadow
money as a baseline position for future critical macro-financial research.
Construyendo ciudadanía: la experiencia del presupuesto participativo en las comunas de Medellín
Authors: Molina Merchán William
Published: June 2020

Las reflexiones que se presentan en este trabajo se incubaron en el proyecto: “Desarrollo social en la zona noroccidental de Medellín, (2004-2009)”, realizado como experiencia de aproximación a los problemas que representan las estrategias de construcción de participación ciudadana, desde el Grupo de investigación Texturas Este análisis busca explorar las experiencias y escenarios a través de los cuales el presupuesto participativo en el rubro deportes, determina o agencia condiciones que posibilitan el mejoramiento de condiciones de vida en la Comuna Cinco de la ciudad de Medellín. Pretende ser referente para explicar un fenómeno que en América Latina se ha venido imponiendo con fuerza en los últimos años para resolver condiciones particulares de desigualdad o de necesidades que el Estado no logró por sí mismo resolver: la vinculación de la comunidad a la solución de sus propios problemas.
“DEIXA O MENINO RODAR”: O CARISMA RETETÉ EM UMA IGREJA PENTECOSTAL DA PERIFERIA
Authors: Pereira Réia Sílvia Gonçalves
Published: June 2020

No artigo, são apresentados dados etnográficos da igreja Herdeiros do Sião, pequena igreja pentecostal localizada numa favela de Vitória, Espírito Santo. Em observação participante empreendida de janeiro a abril de 2014 e retomada entre janeiro e fevereiro de 2018, apresento pontos de reflexão sobre a singularidade da expressão religiosa representada pela denominação, que pode ser associada a uma vertente pentecostal conhecida, em expressão de grupo, como reteté de Jeová. O termo se refere aos rituais de culto ao espírito santo marcados pelo caráter extático, sensorial e pela intensidade das performances corporais, que lembram uma dança giratória. Especificamente, no artigo, a análise se concentra na reflexão sobre como a Herdeiros do Sião se situa e atua no contexto da favela onde está inserida. Em sentido mais amplo, partindo do conceito sobre afinidade eletiva (WEBER, 2004) e posição fronteiriça (COLEMAN, 2016), argumento que os rituais vivenciados na igreja, bem como sua forma de organização, fornecem pistas sobre a associação entre a ritualística reteté e o ethos periférico. Nesta esteira, também são discutidas as disputas por legitimidade da religiosidade reteté, muitas vezes invisibilizadas ou desconsideradas dentro do campo evangélico brasileiro
BARREIRAS INCOMENSURÁVEIS? UM COMENTÁRIO
Authors: Rangel Everton , Díaz-Benítez María Elvira
Published: June 2020

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SIGNOS INJURIOSOS: SABA MAHMOOD, OS CARTUNS DINAMARQUESES E O DEBATE SOBRE IDEOLOGIAS LINGUÍSTICAS
Authors: Do Nascimento e Silva Daniel
Published: June 2020

Este artigo retoma o argumento de Saba Mahmood em seu emblemático texto, “Razão religiosa e afeto secular: uma barreira incomensurável?”, publicado em português em ‘Debates do NER’. O objetivo de meu texto é aprofundar a discussão sobre ideologias linguísticas proposta por Mahmood no contexto da onda de violência que aconteceu depois da publicação, em 2005, de uma série de charges injuriosas sobre Muhmmad e muçulmanos devotos. Crenças sobre a linguagem arraigadas na tradição do cristianismo protestante – que dão suporte ao que chamo de ideologia semiótica secular – desempenharam um papel central na desconsideração dos efeitos performativos das imagens e no apagamento da dor moral sentida por muitos muçulmanos. Aprofundo no artigo as raízes calvinistas dessa ideologia semiótica secular, sistematizada por Ferdinand Saussure e o contexto calvinista em que ele viveu. Contrastando a visão de Saussure com a de seu contemporâneo Peirce, aponto para o apagamento da dimensão corpórea e reflexiva do uso da linguagem, e para a necessidade de crítica desse aspecto, que faz parte da dimensão pouco problematizada do universo secular em que críticas à religião tendem a ganhar corpo.
RAZÃO RELIGIOSA E AFETO SECULAR – UM COMENTÁRIO FEMINISTA
Authors: Maizza Fabiana
Published: June 2020

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PENSANDO COM SABA MAHMOOD: APRESENTAÇÃO
Authors: Allan Michael , Reinhardt Bruno
Published: June 2020

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ÉTICA
Authors: Winchell Mareike
Published: June 2020

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Phenotypic and Genetic Characterization of Lower LDL Cholesterol and Increased Type 2 Diabetes Risk in the UK Biobank
Authors: Klimentidis Yann C. , Arora Amit , Newell Michelle , Zhou Jin , Ordovas Jose M. , Renquist Benjamin J. , Wood Alexis C.
Published: June 2020

Although hyperlipidemia is traditionally considered a risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D), evidence has emerged from statin trials and candidate gene investigations suggesting that lower LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) increases T2D risk. We thus sought to more comprehensively examine the phenotypic and genotypic relationships of LDL-C with T2D. Using data from the UK Biobank, we found that levels of circulating LDL-C were negatively associated with T2D prevalence (odds ratio 0.41 [95% CI 0.39, 0.43] per mmol/L unit of LDL-C), despite positive associations of circulating LDL-C with HbA1c and BMI. We then performed the first genome-wide exploration of variants simultaneously associated with lower circulating LDL-C and increased T2D risk, using data on LDL-C from the UK Biobank (n = 431,167) and the Global Lipids Genetics Consortium (n = 188,577), and data on T2D from the Diabetes Genetics Replication and Meta-Analysis consortium (n = 898,130). We identified 31 loci associated with lower circulating LDL-C and increased T2D, capturing several potential mechanisms. Seven of these loci have previously been identified for this dual phenotype, and nine have previously been implicated in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. These findings extend our current understanding of the higher T2D risk among individuals with low circulating LDL-C and of the underlying mechanisms, including those responsible for the diabetogenic effect of LDL-C–lowering medications.
Kandungan Timbal dan Kadmium pada Air dan Sedimen di Perairan Pulau Untung Jawa, Jakarta
Authors: Alisa Cut Aja Gita , Albirqi P Muchammad Septyo , Faizal Ibnu
Published: June 2020

Pulau Untung Jawa merupakan salah satu pulau pemukiman dan pulau destinasi wisata di Kepulauan Seribu, Jakarta. Adanya aktivitas lalu lintas kapal, perbaikan kapal, dan proyek reklamasi pantai yang ada di Pulau Untung Jawa berpotensi mencemarkan air dan tanah disekitarnya sehingga menurunkan kualitas lingkungan di Pulau Untung Jawa. Penelitian mengenai kandungan logam berat timbal (Pb) dan kadmium (Cd) yang ada di air dan sedimen yang ada di Pulau Untung Jawa dilakukan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar kandungan logam berat tersebut. Cemaran logam berat ini bisa mengontaminasi biota yang ada diperairan Untung Jawa dan akan berdampak berbahaya bagi manusia melalui biota melalui rantai makanan. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada November 2019 di 4 (empat) stasiun yang merepresentasikan karakteristik pulau yaitu pulau wisata dan reklamasi pantai. Sampel dianalisis kandungan logam berat Pb dan Cd dengan menggunakan AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry). Hasil analisa kandungan Pb pada air berkisar 0,5122 – 0,6003 mg/L dan kandungan Cd pada air berkisar 0,0674 – 0,792 mg/L yang tergolong sudah melebihi baku mutu menurut Keputusan Menteri Negara Lingkungan Hidup Nomor 51 Tahun 2004. Hasil Pb pada sedimen berkisar antara 14,1176 – 24,1952 sehingga sudah melampaui batas aman dan kandungan Cd berkisar antara 1,968 – 2,760 mg/l mg/L melebihi baku mutu maksimal yang ditetapkan oleh ANZECC/ARMCANZ. Sumber cemaran logam berat Pb dan Cd di Pulau Untung Jawa ini bersumber dari kegiatan proyek reklamasi pantai yang berada di timur Pulau.
El Mercado de trabajo agrícola en el noreste francés (1789-1836)
Authors: Ríos Manuel
Published: June 2020

El artículo tiene como objetivo el estudio del mercado de trabajo asalariado rural del noreste francés entre 1789 y 1836. Mientras que los mercados de tierras o cereales ocupan un lugar destacado en la historiografía francesa, los mercados de trabajo han tendido a ser relegados en el análisis, circunscritos sobre todo a los espacios urbanos. El presente trabajo parte del análisis de mercuriales, decretos nacionales y departamentales, correspondencia y testimonios locales con el propósito de analizar las características fundamentales del mercado de trabajo agrícola y los alcances y sentidos de la política estatal de fijación de un nivel de salarios. Se insiste en la importancia de la estructura de producción rural que impone serios límites tanto a la política estatal y sus posibles regulaciones como también al desarrollo espontáneo del mercado de trabajo, polemizando así con los abordajes a la cuestión desde enfoques liberales y neoinstitucionales.
THE IMPACTS OF BONDING ON THE LIFE OF THE TWO WOMEN IN G.D. JOHNSON’S FREE
Authors: Asmarani Ratna
Published: June 2020

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to discuss the unique relationship between two women living in the same roof for 25 years which takes an unexpected turn after the breadwinner that unites them uncompromisingly passes away. The focus is on the impacts of the changing types of bonding on the life of the two women in G.D. Johnson’s short story entitled Free. To support the discussion, several concepts are borrowed, such as the concepts of female domesticity and patriarchy. Since the center of analysis is on the women, the feminist criticism is used. This criticism is supported by contextual method of literary analysis which combines the extrinsic elements with the intrinsic ones especially character, conflict, and setting. The result shows that the death of the patriarchal figure breaks the imposing bonding in the life of the two women. After a moment of internal conflict experienced by each woman, both can put aside their uncomfortable past to create a mutual bonding for the rest of their life. Key words: female domesticity, patriarchy, contextual method
A capacidade das pessoas com deficiência mental no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro
Authors: Romanello Michely Vargas Del Puppo , Carnavalli Rafaella Santana
Published: June 2020

Pretende-se neste artigo abordar os aspectos que norteiam a capacidade jurídica das pessoas, além de esclarecer e evidenciar o que o Ordenamento Jurídico Brasileiro determina sobre os relativamente incapazes e os absolutamente incapazes. O objeto de estudo do mesmo, foi a Lei 13.146/15 (Estatuto da Pessoa com Deficiência) que promoveu alterações no Código Civil, no que diz respeito às incapacidades. Após pesquisas, constatou-se que o Código Civil de 1916, e o Código Civil de 2002, tinham caráter patrimonial, portanto, deixavam de lado as questões existenciais dos seres humanos, situação está que só foi alterada, no ano de 2015, quando a Lei do Estatuto da Pessoa com Deficiência passou a vigorar. Esta lei, trouxe consigo a consolidação da preservação a dignidade da pessoa humana, influenciando o não retrocesso social, a inclusão, o respeito ao próximo e a equidade, por isso será de grande importância para este artigo.
Palavras-chave: Absolutamente incapazes. Relativamente incapazes. Direito.
Embargos infringentes e de nulidade versus “projeto anticrime”
Authors: Poll Roberta Eggert , Fayet Paulo
Published: June 2020

O estudo abrangerá a incidência do recurso dos embargos infringentes e de nulidade no Direito processual penal brasileiro, com a análise dos principais pontos que circundam esse thema, verificando-se a diferenciação entre a ocorrência da infringência e da nulidade no recurso direcionado à reunião de Câmaras e Turmas, e qual essa importância de separação entre as temáticas possíveis a serem revisitadas; a partir dessa inserção teórica, o desafio será o de decompor a (assim chamada) proposta do “projeto anticrime”, trazida pelo Ministério da Justiça no início de fevereiro de 2019, justamente quanto à iniciativa de limitação em relação ao recurso de embargos infringentes e de nulidade, a fim de que, na sequência do texto, possam ser realizadas críticas necessárias ao referido projeto, especialmente no ponto de abrangência dessa espécie de embargos em matéria penal, e se permita indicações sobre o acerto ou o desacerto dessa medida de modificação, já direcionada às Casas Legislativas. Para construção do objeto de pesquisa, será utilizado o método de abordagem dialético-dedutivo, adotando-se como procedimento o bibliográfico.
O reconhecimento da sentença arbitral estrangeira no Brasil e a denegação de reconhecimento de laudos anulados na origem
Authors: Leda Leite Zenkner Fernanda Arruda
Published: June 2020

O presente artigo objetiva analisar o tema do reconhecimento das sentenças arbitrais estrangeiras no Brasil pelo Superior Tribunal de Justiça e a peculiaridade da possibilidade de denegação dos laudos arbitrais anulados no país de origem, utilizando-se, como fio condutor do estudo, as normas trazidas pela Lei nº 9.307/96, conhecida como Lei de Arbitragem. O tema ganha relevância diante da expansão do reconhecimento do procedimento arbitral no Brasil, notadamente com o debate decorrente da decisão inédita proferida pelo STJ negando a homologação de sentença arbitral anulada pela Câmara de Comércio Internacional, em Buenos Aires, Argentina, país sede do laudo.
A sujeição às decisões automatizadas a partir da Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados
Authors: Pires Mariah Ferrari , Bufulin Augusto Passamani
Published: June 2020

É notório o crescente controle da vida humana a partir de decisões automatizadas. Elas estão presentes na escolha do candidato ideal para a vaga de emprego, no custo do medicamento a ser adquirido pelo consumidor e até mesmo no possível crédito a ser concedido pelo banco. Referidos exemplos básicos geram grande impacto na vida dos cidadãos, todavia são desprovidos de transparência no tocante ao seu funcionamento, isto é, aos critérios utilizados para a tomada dessas decisões. Esta ausência de transparência, também denominada de opacidade dos algoritmos, gera a ocorrência de práticas abusivas e discriminatórias. Logo, a fim de atenuar tais efeitos, as legislações acerca da proteção de dados pessoais buscaram assegurar o direito à transparência e da não sujeição às decisões automatizadas. Esse artigo aborda, em linhas gerais, o que seria o direito à revisão de decisões automatizadas e como ele é tratado pela Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados (Lei nº 13709/2018), a partir da alteração promovida pela Medida Provisória nº 869/2018 sancionada em 09/07/2019.
TÜRK YÖNETİCİLERİNE GÖRE HENRİ FAYOL’UN YÖNETİM PRENSİPLERİNİN GÜNÜMÜZDEKİ GEÇERLİLİĞİ ÜZERİNE PİLOT BİR ÇALIŞMA
Authors: TÜZEMEN Burçin , DEMİREL Ayşe Gönül
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Henri Fayol’ün yayınlanmasının üzerinden 100 yılı aşkın bir süre geçmiş olan 14 yönetim prensibinin günümüzde hala geçerli olup olmadığına dair Türkiye’deki yöneticilerin görüşlerini öğrenmektir. Büyük ölçüde betimsel ve daha büyük bir araştırmanın pilot aşaması olarak kurgulanan çalışmada 500 üzeri çalışanı olan Türk firmalarında görev yapan 35 yönetici ile anket yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda, Fayol’ün görüşlerinin büyük ölçüde hala geçerli olarak değerlendirildiği görülmüştür. Araştırmaya katılan yöneticiler, özellikle Fayol’ün “inisiyatif kullanma”, “hakkaniyet/eşitlik”, “çalışanlar arasında birlik”, “personel ücretleri” ve “düzen” prensipleri ile kuvvetli bir biçimde hemfikirdir. En az destek bulan prensip ise “otorite” olmuştur.
NEOFOBİNİN (YENİLİK KORKUSUNUN) HEDONİK TÜKETİM ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ
Authors: KARATAŞ YÜCEL Ezgi
Published: June 2020

Yaşam boyunca sayısız satın alım kararı veren tüketiciler gerek ihtiyaçlarını gerekse isteklerini karşılamada yaptıkları satın alımların süreçlerinden ve sonuçlarından tatmin olmaya çalışmaktadır. Tüketiciler satın alım davranışlarının sonucu olarak tatmin olmaya çalışmakla birlikte satın alım sürecinin tamamından da haz elde etmek isteyebilmektedir. Sosyalleşme, macera arayışı, rolleri ile uyum gösterme, memnuniyet hissetme, fikir edinme ve değer elde etme gibi nedenlerle haz arayışında olan tüketicilerin bu davranışları hedonik tüketim kavramını ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Tüketiciler satın alım süreçleri boyunca pek çok yeni satın alma noktası, marka, model, ürün vs. ile karşılaşmakta ve dolayısıyla tüketicilerin yenilik karşısında benimsedikleri tutumları da satın alma davranışını etkileyen önemli bir unsur haline gelmektedir. Tüketiciler yeniliği çok çabuk kabullenen bireyler olabilecekleri gibi yeniliğe karşı tüm davranışlarını etkileyebilecek şekilde bir korku da geliştirebilmektedir. Yeniliğe karşı geliştirilen bu korku neofobi olarak adlandırılarak içsel korku ve yabancılık korkusu olarak iki faktör şeklinde ele alınmaktadır. Bu çalışmada neofobinin hedonik tüketim üzerine olan etkisi ele alınmış olup bu etkiyi ölçmede anket yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre içsel korkunun, fikir alışverişi ve sosyal alışverişi pozitif ve anlamlı yönde etkilediği görülmektedir. Ayrıca, yabancılık korkusunun da sosyal alışverişi negatif ve anlamlı yönde etkilediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Söz konusu bu çalışmanın ve sonuçlarının literatürde bu kapsamda yapılan ilk çalışma olması nedeniyle gerek araştırmacılara gerekse pazarda yeni bir ürün, hizmet, fikir vb. ile yer almaya çalışan işletmelere yol gösterici olması beklenmektedir.
Social Media and Civil Society in the Governor’s Election of North Sumatera 2018
Authors: Sahputra Dedi , Muda Indra , Hidayat Taufik Wal , Waridah Waridah
Published: June 2020

The phenomenon of democratization, civil society and the use of social media in North Sumatra found its momentum in the North Sumatra Gubernatorial Election (Pilkada) 2018. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method by presenting descriptive data about the civil society movement that uses social media in the North Sumatra Gubernatorial Election. The results of the research show that the emergence of functional civil society movement has given different colors to local politics in North Sumatra. The movement that served as a means of channeling the community’s aspirations, has become a driving factor for the victory of one of the candidates for North Sumatra governor in 2018. The use of social media as a means of interaction, communication, and information forms a pattern in new social movement.
Power of Knowledge and Community Social Class above Covid-19 Pandemic Information on Social Media
Authors: Sulistyaningtyas Tri , Jaelani Jejen , Suryani Yani
Published: June 2020

Information about the spread of the coronavirus is circulated through various information channels in the society, both mainstream media, alternative media, social media, and daily conversation. One of the information channels that is widely used and referenced by the public is social media. Dissemination of information about the expanse of the coronavirus on social media is arranged by various individuals. This study will explain the disemination of information relating to covid-19 in terms of the social class of the reader. In this study, we use critical discourse analysis as a method for analyzing data. This study finding is that the information circulation about coronavirus in social media is class bias. General information is conducted through formal language by middle-class groups. On the other hand, many people present alternative information in the form of memes, jokes, and funny content that contains information about spreading the coronavirus. This phenomenon can be categorized as a lower social class attempt to understanding and spreading information about the coronavirus (Cinelli, et al., 2020)outbreak. The media used to disseminate this information contains text, images/photos, or videos that contain memes, organizes, and funny content. This phenomenon can be seen as a lower-class struggle to educate its class in situations and conditions caused by the coronavirus.
Energias Renováveis em Moçambique: disponibilidade, geração, uso e tendências futuras
Authors: Fortes António Gonçalves , Mutenda Francisco Mubango , Raimundo Baltazar
Published: June 2020

Na atual matriz energética nacional, as energias renováveis (ER) têm maior relevância, por serem menos poluentes, “inesgotáveis”, acessíveis e de baixo custo, fonte de inserção econômica e social, e pela possibilidade de substituir os combustíveis fósseis em algumas aplicações, tornando-se ideal para minimizar parte dos problemas ambientais que o Mundo enfrenta. O artigo tem como objetivo descrever, através de pesquisa exploratória, bibliográfica e desk research, o estágio atual do uso e aproveitamento das ER (hídrica, solar, eólica, geotérmica e biomassa) utilizadas em Moçambique. Na análise da disponibilidade das fontes de energia, iremos apresentar questões relativas a sustentabilidade e eficiência, impactos socioeconômicos nas comunidades rurais não abrangidas pela rede elétrica nacional (REN) e alguns prós e contras na utilização. De entre os resultados, destacam-se as seguintes contribuições: o País apresenta excelentes características para geração, em pequena e média escala, de energia geotérmica e biomassas, e em média e grande escala, de energia hidroelétrica, solar e eólica, mas carece de: (i) políticas de promoção e regulação das tecnologias; (ii) financiamento direcionado aos projetos de ER; (iii) oferta de serviços de projetos de sistemas renováveis, (iv) e tecnologias para conversão das energias, sobretudo a geotérmica, eólica e biomassas fluida.
Isolamento de Malassezia pachydermatis do ouvido externo de cães domésticos: possível fonte de transmissão
Authors: Araújo Marilisa Gonçalves de , Cruz Andrezza Furquim , Monteiro da Silva Juliana Leal
Published: June 2020

Infecções fúngicas têm crescido durante os últimos anos, principalmente em ambiente hospitalar, podendo ser brandas e rápidas ou graves e fatais. Leveduras lipofílicas do gênero Malassezia têm se tornado patógenos significantes tanto em indivíduos imunocompetentes como em pacientes imunodeprimidos levando ao aparecimento de doenças graves. Malassezia spp têm sido relatadas mais frequentemente como agente de infecções hospitalares em neonatos de baixo peso sob cuidados na UTI, sendo relacionada à alimentação lipídica e ao contato manual com profissionais de saúde e visitantes. Malassezia pachydermatis pertence à microbiota normal de cães, podendo causar infecções de pele e otites nesses animais. O objetivo desse trabalho foi verificar a prevalência de M. pachydermatis no ouvido externo de cães domésticos sem sintomas de otite. Foram analisadas 120 amostras de cães domésticos por crescimento em ágar fungobiótico e identificação morfológica e bioquímica das colônias leveduriformes isoladas. M. pachydermatis foi identificada em 56 (46,67%) amostras analisadas, sendo que a maioria dos animais analisados tinham orelhas pendentes, podendo ter sido um fator de predisposição. Animais mais jovens possuem maior predisposição à colonização pela levedura e essa colonização é independente do sexo. Por serem as espécies do gênero Malassezia, componentes da microbiota normal de homens e animais, e do perigo que este gênero apresenta de causar infecção em pessoas debilitadas, é de fundamental importância evitar o contágio para esses pacientes, deixando clara a importância de medidas de prevenção como higienização das mãos pelos profissionais nesse ambiente.
Indicadores de sustentabilidade: a evolução do conhecimento na área da administração pública entre 1990 e 2016
Authors: Akim Érica Kushihara , Faria Luiz Carlos de , Mergulhão Ricardo Coser , Pestana Maria Helena de Aguiar Pereira
Published: June 2020

Estados e governos estão diante de problemas complexos relacionados à interação entre sociedade e meio ambiente, demandando por conhecimento sobre monitoramento e comunicações voltadas às políticas públicas ambientais e ações sustentáveis. Frente a esse desafio, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo investigar, a partir da revisão sistemática e da bibliometria, a evolução da temática “indicadores de sustentabilidade” na produção científica publicada, entre 1990 e 2016, na área da Administração Pública do Web of Science (WoS). O campo analisado é de extrema importância, tendo em vista a agenda com ênfase no interesse público e na relação Estado-sociedade. A investigação partiu da análise de 661 publicações, que resultou no portfólio composto por 47 artigos, sendo consideradas seis categorias analíticas: abordagem teórica, abordagem metodológica, tipo de pesquisa, escala, dimensão e tema pesquisado. Verificou-se a prevalência de estudos indexados pelo Journal Citation Reports (JCR) na categoria “Planejamento e Desenvolvimento” (Planning & Development). Identificou-se o predomínio de estudos teóricos-conceituais voltados à resolução de problemas, além da proeminência de pesquisas que adotaram a abordagem Estudo de Caso. Outra constatação é o progressivo abandono da abordagem disciplinar, especialmente a econômica, em prol das abordagens multidisciplinares, a partir da articulação entre diferentes áreas do conhecimento, como as ciências ambientais, o planejamento e o urbanismo.
Một số yếu tố tiên lượng kết quả dẫn lưu mật ở bệnh nhân teo mật bẩm sinh sau phẫu thuật Kasai
Authors: Hoa Nguyễn Phạm Anh , Yến Phạm Thị Hải , Hiền Phạm Duy
Published: June 2020

Đặt vấn đề: Teo mật bẩm sinh (TMBS) là một trong những dị dạng đường mật hay gặp ởtrẻ em. Việc tiên lượng kết quả phẫu thuật Kasai ở bệnh nhân teo mật bẩm sinh hiện còn nhiềukhó khănMục tiêu: Đánh giá các yếu tố góp phần tiên lượng kết quả dẫn lưu mật sau phẫu thuậtKasai ở bệnh nhân TMBS. Đối tượng và phương pháp: Nghiên cứu tiến cứu các bệnh nhân teomật bẩm sinh (TMBS) được điều trị và theo dõi tại Bệnh viện Nhi Trung ương trong thời gian2017-1/2019. Các thông số được đánh giá bao gồm: Nồng độ AST, ALT, GGT, ALP, Bilirubintoàn phần, Bilirubin trực tiếp, Albumin, Protein, tiểu cầu trước mổ, nhiễm CMV trước mổ,dấu hiệu TC sign trước và sau mổ, thời gian xuất hiện phân vàng sau mổ, tỉ lệ bilirubin toànphần và trực tiếp sau mổ 2 tuần so với trước mổ, tình trạng nhiễm trùng đường mật sau mổ,số đợt nhiễm trùng đường mật sau mổ. Các bệnh nhân trong nhóm nghiên cứu được theo dõiít nhất 6 tháng sau phẫu thuật.Kết quả: Có 117 bệnh nhân đủ tiêu chuẩn nghiên cứu, thời gian theo dõi trung bình 16,97tháng. 56,4% bệnh nhân dẫn lưu mật thành công sau 6 tháng, 83,8% bệnh nhân sống đến thờiđiểm kết thúc nghiên cứu. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy: Nhóm nhiễm CMV trước mổ các xácsuất sống sót kém hơn so với nhóm không nhiễm CMV (p=0,031), TC sign dương tính trướcmổ không ảnh hưởng đến kết quả thoát mật song làm ảnh hưởng tới tiên lượng lâu dài. Cácbệnh nhân có phân vàng sớm trong 7 ngày sau mổ có khả năng thoát mật tốt gấp 4,464 lầnnhóm có phân vàng sau 7 ngày. Tỉ số Bilirubin ở ngày thứ 14/ Bilirubin trước mổ dưới 1,156dự đoán khả năng thành công với độ nhạy 72,1% độ đặc hiệu 54,2%. Nhiễm trùng đường mậttái diễn dự đoán xác suất tử vong với độ nhạy 84,2%, độ đặc hiệu 48%.

Kết luận: Các yếu tố nhiễm CMV trước phẫu thuật, phân vàng sớm trong 7 ngày sau mổ, tỉsố Bilirubin ở ngày thứ 14 và trước mổ, nhiễm trùng đường mật tái diễn có ý nghĩa tiên lượngkết quả dẫn lưu mật sau phẫu thuật Kasai ở bệnh nhân TMBS
Nghiên cứu đặc điểm lâm sàng, mô bệnh học và đánh giá kết quả điều trị u tiểu não ở trẻ em tại Bệnh viện Nhi Trung ương
Authors: Học Trần Văn , Thắng Nguyễn Văn , Liêm Nguyễn Thanh
Published: June 2020

U tiểu não là một trong những u não thường gặp ở trẻ em, nếu phát hiện sớm và điều trị kịpthời đúng phác đồ sẽ kéo dài thời gian sống của trẻ. Nghiên cứu tiến cứu theo dõi dọc 124 bệnhnhân u tiểu não nhập viện trong 5 năm tại Bệnh viện Nhi Trung ương. Kết quả cho thấy tuổimắc trung bình là 6,2, thường gặp nhất từ 2 – 8 tuổi. Các triệu chứng lâm sàng tại thời điểmnhập viện: nôn 89,5%, mất điều hòa động tác 89,5%, loạng choạng 87,9%, đau đầu 81,5%, phùgai thị 54,4%, giảm trương lực cơ 33,9%, run chi 32,3%, các dấu hiệu khác ít gặp …;Đặc điểm mô bệnh học: U nguyên tủy bào 49,2%, u tế bào hình sao 33,9%, u màng nãothất 13,7%, các loại khác 3,2%.Kết quả điều trị: Tỷ lệ sống sau 5 năm đạt 38%. Các di chứng ở bệnh nhân sống là rối loạnvận động, liệt dây thần kinh sọ, thay đổi tính nết, rối loạn thị lực, rối loạn ngôn ngữ.Kết luận: Đặc điểm lâm sàng u tiểu não ở trẻ em là hội chứng tăng áp lực nội sọ và hộichứng tiểu não, mô bệnh học chủ yếu là u nguyên tủy bào và u tế bào hình sao. Có 38% bệnhnhân sống sau 5 năm.
Kombinasi Metode Nilai Ambang Lokal dan Global untuk Restorasi Dokumen Jawi Kuno
Authors: Saddami Khairun , Arnia Fitri , Away Yuwaldi , Munadi Khairul
Published: June 2020

Dokumen Jawi kuno merupakan warisan budaya yang berisi informasi penting tentang peradaban masa lalu yang dapat dijadikan pedoman untuk masa sekarang ini. Dokumen Jawi kuno telah mengalami penurunan kualitas yang disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor seperti kualitas kertas atau karena proses penyimpanan. Penurunan kualitas ini menyebabkan informasi yang terdapat pada dokumen tersebut menghilang dan sulit untuk diakses. Artikel ini mengusulkan metode binerisasi untuk membangkitkan kembali informasi yang terdapat pada dokumen Jawi kuno. Metode usulan merupakan kombinasi antara metode binerisasi berbasis nilai ambang lokal dan global. Metode usulan diuji terhadap dokumen Jawi kuno dan dokumen uji standar yang dikenal dengan nama Handwritten Document Image Binarization Contest (HDIBCO) 2016. Citra hasil binerisasi dievaluasi menggunakan metode: F-measure, pseudo F-measure, peak signal-to-noise ratio, distance reciprocal distortion, dan misclasification penalty metric. Secara rata-rata, nilai evaluasi F-measure dari metode usulan mencapai 88,18 dan 89,04 masing-masing untuk dataset Jawi dan HDIBCO-2016. Hasil ini lebih baik dari metode pembanding yang menunjukkan bahwa metode usulan berhasil meningkatkan kinerja metode binerisasi untuk dataset Jawi dan HDIBCO-2016.

 

Abstract

Ancient Jawi document is a cultural heritage, which contains knowledge of past civilization for developing a better future. Ancient Jawi document suffers from severe degradation due to some factors such as paper quality or poor retention process. The degradation reduces information on the document and thus the information is difficult to access. This paper proposed a binarization method for restoring the information from degraded ancient Jawi document. The proposed method combined a local and global thresholding method for extracting the text from the background. The experiment was conducted on ancient Jawi document and Handwritten Document Image Binarization Contest (HDIBCO) 2016 datasets. The result was evaluated using F-measure, pseudo F-measure, peak signal-to-noise ratio, distance reciprocal distortion, dan misclassification penalty metric. The average result showed that the proposed method achieved 88.18 and 89.04 of F-measure, for Jawi and HDIBCO-2016, respectively. The proposed method resulted in better performance compared with several benchmarking methods. It can be concluded that the proposed method succeeded to enhance binarization performance.
Kombinasi Feature Selection Fisher Score dan Principal Component Analysis (PCA) untuk Klasifikasi Cervix Dysplasia
Authors: Widagdo Krisan Aprian , Adi Kusworo , Gernowo Rahmat
Published: June 2020

Pengamatan citra Pap Smear merupakan langkah yang sangat penting dalam mendiagnosis awal terhadap gangguan servik. Pengamatan tersebut membutuhkan sumber daya yang besar. Dalam hal ini machine learning dapat mengatasi masalah tersebut. Akan tetapi, keakuratan machine learning bergantung pada fitur yang digunakan. Hanya fitur relevan dan diskriminatif yang mampu memberikan hasil klasifikasi akurat. Pada penelitian ini menggabungkan Fisher Score dan Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Pertama Fisher Score memilih fitur relevan berdasarkan perangkingan. Langkah selanjutnya PCA mentransformasikan kandidat fitur menjadi dataset baru yang tidak saling berkorelasi. Metode jaringan syaraf tiruan Backpropagation digunakan untuk mengevaluasi performa kombinasi Fisher Score dan PCA. Model dievaluasi dengan metode 5 fold cross validation. Selain itu kombinasi ini dibandingkan dengan model fitur asli dan model fitur hasil Fscore. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan kombinasi fisher score dan PCA menghasilkan performa terbaik (akurasi 0.964±0.006, Sensitivity 0.990±0.005 dan Specificity 0.889±0.009). Dari segi waktu komputasi, kombinasi Fisher Score dan PCA membutuhkan waktu relative cepat. Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa penggunaan feature selection dan feature extraction mampu meningkatkan kinerja klasifikasi dengan waktu yang relative singkat.

 

Abstract

 

Examination Pap Smear images is an important step to early diagnose cervix dysplasia. It needs a lot of resources. In this case, Machine Learning can solve this problem. However, Machine learning depends on the features used. Only relevant and discriminant features can provide an accurate classification result. In this work, combining feature selection Fisher Score (FScore) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is applied. First, FScore selects relevant features based on rangking score. And then PCA transforms candidate features into a new uncorrelated dataset. Artificial Neural Network Backpropagation used to evaluate performance combination FScore PCA. The model evaluated with 5 fold cross validation. The other hand, this combination compared with original features model and FScore model. Experimental result shows the combination of Fscore PCA produced the best performance (Accuracy 0.964±0.006, Sensitivity 0.990±0.005 and Specificity 0.889±0.009). In term of computational time, this combination needed a reasonable time. In this work, it was proved that applying feature selection and feature extraction could improve performance classification with a promising time.