bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Telecytology of fine‐needle aspiration biopsies of the pancreas: A study of well‐differentiated adenocarcinoma and chronic pancreatitis with atypical epithelial repair changes
Authors: Marchevsky Alberto M. , Nelson Viera , Martin Sue Ellen , Greaves T.S. , Raza A.S. , Zeineh J. , Cobb Camilla J.
Published: March 2003

Four experienced cytopathologists provided consultations using telecytology and routine microscopy. Twenty‐seven fine‐needle aspiration biopsies (FNABs) from patients with chronic pancreatitis with atypical epithelial repair changes (n = 9) and pancreatic low‐grade adenocarcinomas (LG‐AC) (n = 18) were studied. False‐positive and false‐negative diagnostic rates were 19.4% and 12.5% by microscopy and 11.1% and 2.8% by telecytology. Comparisons of agreements between the correct diagnoses and consultations rendered by the two methods and among the diagnoses rendered on the same cases by the two modalities yielded kappa coefficients ranging from 0.444–1.000. Telecytology yielded slightly better kappa coefficients than microscopy. This method, which to our knowledge has not been previously applied to pancreatic FNAB, provides a potentially useful consultative tool for the interpretation of these difficult specimens. The diagnosis of FNAB from patients with chronic pancreatitis and LG‐AC is difficult even for experienced consultants, as underscored by the considerable intraobserver and interobserver variability encountered in this study. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2003;28:147–152. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CPU 86017 suppresses tachyarrhythmias induced by ouabain and myocardial infarction: Concentrations in plasma and different areas of the heart in dogs
Authors: Cui Yu‐Jin , Yang Ping , Dai De‐Zai , Gao Ling , Xiao Da‐Wei , Wang You‐Qun
Published: March 2003

CPU 86017 (p‐chlorobenzyl‐tetrahydroberberine) a derivative of berberine, possesses an antiarrhythmic effect against arrhythmias in animal models. Two canine arrhythmia models were established by i.v. infusion of ouabain and two‐stage ligation of coronary artery to generate sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias in dogs. In the ouabain model CPU 86017 was infused at 0.96mg/kg divided into two doses of 0.36 and 0.6mg/kg; tachycardia was completely suppressed and reversed to control sinus rhythm. The canine heart was infarcted by two‐stage ligation of the anterior coronary artery and cardiac tachycardia occurred 20h after coronary ligation. A total dose of 0.5, 0.7, and 1.0mg/kg i.v. infusion of CPU 86017 was effective to suppress arrhythmic scores (0–7 score system) from the untreated 5.2±0.7 to 3.8±0.5, (P<0.05), 3.9±1.9 (P<0.05) and 2.6±2.0(P<0.01), respectively, and i.v. amiodarone 5mg/kg reduced arrhythmic scores to 2.3±1.3 (P<0.01). There was a counterclockwise hysteresis loop of the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship in both models attributed to a small Keo value. Concentrations were not different in the outer, middle, and inner layers of the left ventricle, but higher in the working myocardium against the SA node and AV node. They were also different in the myocardial levels in the infarcted, risk, and noninfarcted regions where concentrations were 0.267±0.09μg/ml, 0.948±0.399μg/ml, and 1.371±0.433μg/ml, respectively. By continuous infusion of high doses in ouabain‐receiving dogs the PR interval and QTc (QTc = QT/(R‐R)) were prolonged by 27.5% and 24.5%, respectively (P<0.001). The accumulation in the myocardium of CPU 86017 was evident against the rapid decrease in plasma levels. The toxicity to the heart by high doses of CPU 86017 is principally due to cardiac block and cardiac arrest rather than torsade de pointes. Drug Dev. Res. 58:131–137, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pod1 is required in stromal cells for glomerulogenesis
Authors: Cui Shiying , Schwartz Lois , Quaggin Susan E.
Published: March 2003

Pod1 (capsulin/epicardin/Tcf21) is a basic‐helix‐loop‐helix transcription factor that is highly expressed in the mesenchyme of developing organs that include the kidney, lung, gut, and heart. Null Pod1 mice are born but die shortly after birth due to a lack of alveoli in the lungs and cardiac defects. In addition, the kidneys are hypoplastic and demonstrate disrupted branching morphogenesis of the ureteric bud epithelium, a marked reduction in the number of nephrons, a delay in glomerulogenesis, and blood vessel abnormalities. To further dissect the cellular function of Pod1 during kidney development, chimeric mice were generated through aggregations of null Pod1 embryonic stem cells and murine embryos ubiquitously expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP). Histologic, immunohistochemical, and in situ hybridization analysis of the resulting chimeric offspring demonstrated both cell autonomous and non–cell autonomous roles for Pod1 in the differentiation of specific renal cell lineages that include peritubular interstitial cells and pericytes. Most strikingly, the glomerulogenesis defect was rescued by the presence of wild‐type stromal cells, suggesting a non–cell autonomous role for Pod1 in this cell population. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Topiramate in the treatment of severe bulimia nervosa with comorbid mood disorders: A case series
Authors: Barbee James G.
Published: March 2003

Objective

To report observations on the efficacy and tolerability of topiramate in a sample of five patients with severe symptoms of bulimia nervosa and comorbid mood and/or anxiety disorders.

Method

Topiramate was added to other psychotropic medication under open‐label conditions up to the maximum tolerated dose or until remission of the eating disorder was achieved.

Results

Topiramate almost completely eliminated binging and purging behavior in three of the five patients. Improvement was maintained throughout the period of follow‐up for up to 18 months. One patient showed a partial, temporary response, and the fifth was intolerant of the drug and unable to complete an adequate trial.

Discussion

These results suggest strongly that the efficacy of topiramate in patients with bulimia nervosa with and without comorbid mood and anxiety disorders should be investigated more fully. © 2003 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 33: 468–472, 2003.
Clarifying the role of impulsivity in bulimia nervosa
Authors: Fischer Sarah , Smith Gregory T. , Anderson Kristen G.
Published: March 2003

Objective

With the goal of demonstrating that urgency impulsivity is associated with bulimic symptoms, not (lack of) planning impulsivity, the authors conducted two studies assessing these personality traits and bulimic symptoms in undergraduate women.

Method

In study 1 291 women completed urgency and deliberation scales of the NEO PIR and the BULIT‐R. In study 2 101 women completed alternative measures tapping these personality constructs and the BULIT‐R.

Results

In both studies, what is commonly assessed with impulsivity measures, a lack of planning, was not significantly associated with bulimic symptoms. However, urgency, the tendency to act rashly when experiencing negative affect, was positively correlated with bulimic symptoms.

Discussion

The authors suggest that future researchers assess urgency, not lack of planning, when assessing impulsivity as a risk factor for bulimia nervosa. © 2003 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 33: 406–411, 2003.
Sulfonate Protecting Groups: Synthesis of D‐ and L‐myo‐Inositol‐1,3,4,5‐tetrakisphosphate Precursors by a Novel Silver(I) Oxide‐Mediated O‐Alkylation of 2,4(6)‐Di‐O‐acyl‐6(4)‐O‐sulfonyl‐myo‐Inositol 1,3,5‐Orthoformate Derivatives Through Intramolecular Assistance of the Sulfonyl Group
Authors: Sureshan Kana M. , Das Tanya , Shashidhar Mysore S. , Gonnade Rajesh G. , Bhadbhade Mohan M.
Published: March 2003

Alkylation of racemic 2,4‐di‐O‐acyl‐6‐O‐sulfonyl‐myo‐inositol 1,3,5‐orthoformates mediated by silver(I) oxide affords the corresponding racemic 2,4‐di‐O‐alkyl‐6‐O‐sulfonyl‐myo‐inositol 1,3,5‐orthoformates in good yields. Control experiments suggest that these unusual reactions are due to intramolecular assistance by the sulfonyl group. O‐Alkylation reactions of myo‐inositol 1,3,5‐orthoformate derivatives provide a new route for the synthesis of important ether derivatives of myo‐inositol, which are intermediates for the preparation of phosphoinositols. The utility of this method is demonstrated by the preparation of D‐ and L‐2,4‐di‐O‐benzyl‐myo‐inositols, which were obtained by benzylation of 2,4‐di‐O‐benzoyl‐6‐O‐camphorsulfonyl‐myo‐inositol 1,3,5‐orthoformate and 2,6‐di‐O‐benzoyl‐4‐O‐camphorsulfonyl‐myo‐inositol 1,3,5‐orthoformate. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Desymmetrisation of Cyclopentadienylsilane by Asymmetric Cyclopropanation
Authors: Allais Florent , Angelaud Rémy , Camuzat‐Dedenis Boris , Julienne Karine , Landais Yannick
Published: March 2003

Desymmetrisation of silylcyclopenta‐2,4‐diene was carried out by an asymmetric copper(I)‐mediated cyclopropanation. An in‐depth investigation with various ligands led to the discovery that the PyBox ligands 10a−c were the most efficient ligands for this transformation and led to the cyclopropane 7a with an ee of up to 72%. Further studies aimed at providing insights into the origin of this enantiocontrol are also provided. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Efficient mutation detection in MEN1 gene using a combination of single‐strand conformation polymorphism (MDGA™) and heteroduplex analysis
Authors: Crépin Michel , Escande Fabienne , Pigny Pascal , Buisine Marie‐P. , Calender Alain , GENEM  , Porchet Nicole , Odou Marie‐Françoise
Published: March 2003

For facilitated genotypic analysis of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), a familial syndrome associated with tumors of the parathyroid and neuroendocrine tissues, we developed two screening methods, heteroduplex mutation assay (HMA) and mutation detection gel analysis (MDGA™), both based on electrophoretic discrimination of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products, to detect the mutations. Forty‐three genomic DNA samples were used for the evaluation of these techniques. The whole coding region of MEN1 was PCR‐amplified with fluorescent primers and then denatured/renatured before electrophoresis on an automated sequencer. 100% of the mutations were detected, subsequently confirmed and identified by sequencing. “Negative” samples were used to evaluate the specificity and reproducibility of the two techniques. The combination of the two methods allows high throughput cost‐effective mutation screening which is less laborious than systematic sequencing of the whole coding region of MEN1. Together, these methods provide an efficient screen for MEN1 mutations.
Protein fractionation in a multicompartment device using Off‐Gel™ isoelectric focusing
Authors: Michel Philippe E. , Reymond Frédéric , Arnaud Isabelle L. , Josserand Jacques , Girault Hubert H. , Rossier Joel S.
Published: March 2003

A new protein fractionation technique based on off‐gel isoelectric focusing (IEF) is presented, where the proteins are separated according to their isoelectric point (pI) in a multiwell device with the advantage to be directly recovered in solution for further analysis. The protein fractions obtained with this technique have then been characterized with polymer nanoelectrospray for mass spectrometry (MS) analyses or with Bioanalyzer for mass identification. This methodology shows the possibility of developing alternatives to the classical two‐dimensional (2‐D) gel electrophoresis. One species numerical simulation of the electric field distribution during off‐gel separation is also presented in order to demonstrate the principle of the purification. Experiments with pI protein markers have been carried out in order to highlight the kinetics and the efficiency of the technique. Moreover, the resolution of the fractionation was shown to be 0.1 pH unit for the separation of β‐lactoglobulin A and B. In addition, the isoelectric fractionation of an Escherichia coli extract was performed in standard solubilization buffer to demonstrate the performances of the technique, notably for proteomics applications.
A DNA sieving matrix with thermally tunable mesh size
Authors: Kan Cheuk Wai , Barron Annelise E.
Published: March 2003

We present a “proof‐of‐concept” study showing that a blend of thermo‐responsive and nonthermo‐responsive polymers can be used to create a DNA sieving matrix with a thermally tunable mesh size, or “dynamic porosity”. Various blends of two well‐studied sieving polymers for CE, including hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC), a thermo‐responsive polymer, and hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC), a nonthermo‐responsive polymer, were used to separate a double‐stranded DNA restriction digest (X174‐HaeIII). HPC exhibits a volume‐phase transition in aqueous solution which results in a collapse in polymer coil volume at ∼ 39°C. Utilizing a blend of HPC and HEC in a ratio of 1:5 by weight, we investigated the effects of changing mesh size on DNA separation, as controlled by temperature. High‐resolution DNA separations were obtained with the blended matrix at temperatures ranging from 25°C to 38°C. We evaluated changes in the selectivity of DNA separation with increasing temperature for certain pairs of small and large fragments. A pure HEC (nonthermo‐responsive) matrix was used over the same temperature range as a negative control. In the blended matrix, we observe a maximum in selectivity at ∼ 31°C for small DNA, while a significant increase in the selectivity of large‐DNA separation occurs at ∼ 36°C as the polymer mesh “opens”. We also demonstrate, through a temperature ramping experiment, that this matrix can be utilized to obtain high‐resolution separation of both small and large DNA fragments simultaneously in a single CE run. Blended polymer matrices with “dynamic porosity” have the potential to provide enhanced genomic analysis by capillary array or microchip electrophoresis in microfluidic devices with advanced temperature control.
Peptide separations and dissociation constants in nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis: Comparison of methanol and aqueous buffers
Authors: Psurek Arndt , Scriba Gerhard K. E.
Published: March 2003

Nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis was evaluated for its potential to separate peptides in methanolic background electrolytes in comparison to aqueous‐methanol (50% v/v) and water. Isomeric aspartyl dipeptides and Leu‐ and Met‐enkephalin served as model compounds. pKa values were determined in the three solvent systems based on the apparent pH scale and in the case of methanol additionally based on the conventional pH scale. Changing from water to methanol led to an increase of the ionization constants describing the dissociation equilibria of the carboxyl group and the amino group, respectively. The pKa shift was more pronounced for the carboxylic acid function leading to a compression of the mobility‐pH curve. As reported for aqueous buffers, efficient separations of the peptides were achieved in methanolic background electrolytes including the resolution of the diastereomers of the isomeric α‐ and β‐aspartyl dipeptides. In contrast to aqueous buffers, the separation of Leu‐ and Met‐enkephalin could also be obtained in buffers in methanol at high pH.
Physicochemical characterization of phosphinic pseudopeptides by capillary zone electrophoresis in highly acidic background electrolytes
Authors: Koval Dušan , Kašička Václav , Jiráček Jiří , Collinsová Michaela
Published: March 2003

Phosphinic pseudopeptides (i.e., peptide isosteres with one peptide bond replaced by a phosphinic acid moiety) were analyzed and physicochemically characterized by capillary zone electrophoresis in the pH range of 1.1–3.2, employing phosphoric, phosphinic, oxalic and dichloroacetic acids as background electrolyte (BGE) constituents. The acid dissociation constant (pKa) of phosphinate group in phosphinic pseudopeptides and ionic mobilities of these analytes were determined from the pH dependence of their effective electrophoretic mobilities corrected to standard temperature and constant ionic strength of the BGEs. It was shown that these corrections are necessary whenever precise mobility data at very low pH are to be determined. Additionally, it was found that the ionic mobilities of the phosphinic pseudopeptides and pKa of their phosphinate group are affected by the BGE constituent used. The variability of migration behavior of the pseudopeptides can be attributed to their ion‐pairing formation with the BGE components.
Electrophoretic mobility for peptides with post‐translational modifications in capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Kim Jeongkwon , Zand Robert , Lubman David M.
Published: March 2003

Several semiempirical models for peptide electrophoretic mobility have been tested for capillary electrophoresis (CE) separation with a positively charged capillary using on‐line CE combined with electrospray ionization‐mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS). In the current system with pH 2.7, the expression q/M0.56 provided the best correlation with the electrophoretic mobility in the analysis of a set of 18 standard samples, where q is the calculated net charge and M is the molecular weight. The peptides resulting from various digests of horse heart myoglobin or bovine hemoglobin were used to demonstrate the validity of this correlation. Post‐translationally modified peptides from tryptic digest of human myelin basic protein were also investigated and were found to provide excellent correlation with the linear plot when the total charge of the peptide was correctly calculated. If the total charge was not properly calculated then the post‐translationally modified peptides fell off the linear plot. Using this method five arginine residues (residues 5, 49, 54, 97 and 130) were found to be partially citrullinated, four glutamine residues (residues 8, 103, 121 and 147) were found to be partially deamidated and both methionines at residues 21 and 167 were found to be partially oxidized. Three peptides were found with phosphorylation; TPPPSQGK (residue 98 to 105), FSWGAEGQR (residue 114 to 122), and SGSPMAR (residue 163 to 169) and Arginine at 107 was found to be partially monomethylated or dimethylated. The method may provide an excellent means of identifying the presence of peptides with post‐translational modifications in conjunction with MS.
Affinity capillary electrophoresis study of the linkage existing between proton and zinc ion binding to bacitracin A1
Authors: Castagnola Massimo , Rossetti Diana Valeria , Inzitari Rosanna , Vitali Alberto , Lupi Alessandro , Zuppi Cecilia , Cabras Tiziana , Fadda Maria Benedetta , Petruzzelli Raffaele , Giardina Bruno , Messana Irene
Published: March 2003

Measurements by capillary electrophoresis (CE) of bacitracin A1 effective mobility at different pH values permitted to estimate the five acidic dissociation constants and the Stokes radii at different protonation stages of the macrocyclic dodecapeptide. The pKa values were 3.6 and 4.4 for the two carboxylic groups of the lateral chains of D‐Asp‐11 and D‐Glu‐4, respectively, 6.4 for the aza‐atom of the imidazole ring of His‐10, 7.6 for the amino group of N‐terminal Ile‐1 and 9.7 for the δ‐amino group of D‐Orn‐7, very close to the values obtained by other researchers by titration experiments. In agreement with a rigid macrocyclic structure the Stokes radii of different protonated forms ranged only between 14.3 and 14.8 Å. Best fitting procedures performed on experimental mobility measured at two different pH values (5.50 and 6.72) in the presence of increasing Zn+2 concentration allowed confirming the model that assumes the binding of Zn+2 to P0 peptide form with a 1.5×103 M‐1 intrinsic association constant. Following to Zn+2 binding, the pKa of the amino group of N‐terminal Ile‐1 is shifted from 7.6 to 5.9 and the Stokes radius is reduced of about 3 Å. The mean charge of the bacitracin A1‐Zn+2 complex resulted +1.67 and +1.12 at pH 5.50 and 6.72, respectively. These results suggest that the amino group of N‐terminal Ile‐1 is not essential for Zn+2 binding.
Volatile constituents of Phlomis olivieri Benth. from Iran
Authors: Mirza M. , Nik Z. Baher
Published: March 2003

The essential oil, isolated by steam distillation from the aerial parts of Phlomis olivieri Benth. growing wild in Iran, was analysed by GC–MS. Among 15 identiﬁed compounds, the major components were germacrene D (28.1%), β‐caryophyllene (16.1%), α‐pinene (11.7%) and β‐selinene (10.2%). Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Essential oils from the buds of Betula spp. growing in Turkey
Authors: Demirci Betül , Başer Kemal Hüsnü Can
Published: March 2003

The essential oils from buds of Betula browicziana A. Güner, B. litwinowii Doluch., B. medwediewii Regel, B. pendula Roth and B. recurvata V. Vassil. (Betulaceae) were either hydrodistilled using a Clevenger‐type apparatus or were subjected to Likens–Nickerson simultaneous distillation–extraction (SDE) when the plant material amounts were insufﬁcient. The resulting bud essential oils were analysed by GC–MS. Main components were detected as 14‐hydroxy‐β‐caryophyllene (1) and 14‐hydroxy‐4,5‐dihydro‐β‐caryophyllene (2) in all the oil samples. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Composition and niticidal activity of essential oils of three chemotypes of Rosmarinus ofﬁcinalis L. acclimatized in Morocco
Authors: Lahlou Mouhssen , Berrada Rached
Published: March 2003

The essential oils of three chemotypes of rosemary (Rosmarinus ofﬁcinalis L.) (Lamiaceae) were investigated in vitro for niticidal activity on Pediculus humanus capitis using two methods: microatmosphere and direct application. The results revealed the potent effectiveness of the oil of chemotype 1 (Rabat origin) using the two techniques mentioned, successively followed by the oils from chemotypes 2 (Errachidia origin) and 3 (Oujda origin). Chemical analysis (GC and GC–MS) of these oils was different. Among the main components identiﬁed, alcoholic and ketonic compounds were found the most effective on nits using the two methods. The difference in niticidal activity observed is related either to the technique used and to the chemical composition of the oils tested which is in direct relation to the geographical distribution of these chemotypes. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Volatile constituents of the leaves and flowers of Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra
Authors: Bertoli Alessandra , Menichini Francesco , Mazzetti Michele , Spinelli Guido , Morelli Ivano
Published: March 2003

The ﬂower and leaf oil of Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra (Guttiferae, Hypericoideae) from Calabria (Italy) were studied by GC and GC–MS. The major components identiﬁed in each oil were n‐nonane (8%, 15%), β‐pinene (8%, 4%), α‐pinene (13%, 10%), myrcene (16%, 5%), β‐caryophyllene (5%, 11%), germacrene‐D (10%, 13%), sabinene (13%, 3%) and caryophyllene oxide (5%, 12%) in the leaf and ﬂower oils, respectively. The aerial parts of the same plant were also analysed by SPME. The SPME analysis showed higher yields of undecane (14%, 10%) and β‐caryophyllene (14%, 10%) in comparison with the corresponding hydrodistillation oils, in addition to α‐pinene, β‐pinene, sabinene and myrcene, amounting to (9%, 6%), (7%, 4%), (1%, 9%), (1%, 10%) for the leaves and ﬂowers, respectively. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Composition of the essential oil of Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton from Turkey
Authors: Başer K. H. C. , Demirci B. , Dönmez A. A.
Published: March 2003

Water‐distilled essential oil from the aerial parts of Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton, a recently recorded species in Turkey, was analysed by GC and GC–MS; 15 compounds were characterized, representing 88.1% of the oil, with perillaketone (35.6%) and isoegomaketone (35.1%) as the main constituents. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of gas chromatograms of the essential leaf oils of the genus Eucalyptus for taxonomic purposes: E. subser. Euglobulares (Blakely)
Authors: Dunlop Peter J. , Bignell Caroline M. , Hibbert D. Brynn , Brooker M. I. H.
Published: March 2003

Leaves were harvested from 37 trees of Eucalyptus subser. Euglobulares Blakely, E. globulus Labill., E. bicostata Maiden, Blakely and Simmonds, E. maidenii F. Muell. and E. pseudoglobulus Naudin ex Maiden, selected from six sites around Australia: both native‐growing and cultivated taxa were chosen. Volatile leaf oils were isolated by vacuum distillation and analysed by GC (one tree was previously analysed by GC–MS). The conditions of distillation and analysis were maintained throughout this study. Many of the taxa contained α‐pinene (1.5–19.6%), limonene (1.0–5.1%), 1,8‐cineole (39.3–71.7%), p‐cymene (0.2–2.0%), pinocarvone (0.1–4.2%), β‐caryophyllene (0–5.5%), aromadendrene (0.9–20.3%), allo‐aromadendrene (0.1–4.0%), α‐terpineol (0.1–6.4%), globulol (0.1–5.5%), γ‐eudesmol (0–1.8%), α‐eudesmol (0.1–5.6%) and β‐eudesmol (0.1–10.8%) as the main leaf oil components. The principal components analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) performed on the gas chromatograms of the 37 single trees studied revealed groupings of the taxa in approximate agreement with the results obtained from comparative morphological studies; LDA yielded four distinct groups, while PCA was not as discriminating. Nevertheless, in both cases the ﬁve pseudoglobulus trees formed distinct groups of their own. In addition, the loading factors of the PCA analysis indicated that the pseudoglobulus group was due to the presence in this taxon of large amounts of the three eudesmol oil components. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The information content of implied volatility in agricultural commodity markets
Authors: Giot Pierre
Published: March 2003

In this article we compare the incremental information content of lagged implied volatility to GARCH models
of conditional volatility for a collection of agricultural commodities traded on the New York Board of Trade. We
also assess the relevance of the additional information provided by the implied volatility in a risk management
framework. It is first shown that past squared returns only marginally improve the information content provided
by the lagged implied volatility. Secondly, value‐at‐risk (VaR) models that rely
exclusively on lagged implied volatility perform as well as VaR models where the conditional variance is
modelled according to GARCH type processes. These results indicate that the implied volatility for options on
futures contracts in agricultural commodity markets provides relevant volatility information that can be used as
an input to VaR models. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 23:441–454, 2003
Bid‐ask spreads, volatility, quote revisions, and trades of thinly traded futures contracts
Authors: Ding David K. , Charoenwong Charlie
Published: March 2003

We investigate intraday bid‐ask spreads (BAS), volatility, and trading activity of thinly
traded equity index futures contracts on the Singapore Exchange. Contrary to previous findings, we find a rather
flat BAS pattern during the trading day. However, consistent with past findings, an increase in risk widens the
spread and a higher trading activity reduces it. When trading occurs in a day, spreads are reduced. No
significant difference in volatility between days with and without trades was detected. When trades occur, quote
revisions increase, and it is positively related to the number of trades. An increase in the number of quote
revisions increases the likelihood of a transaction, and when quotes are current, revisions that are accompanied
by trades carry new information. We provide evidence that contracts that are thinly traded may possess liquidity
attributes as long as their price quotes remain current. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark
23:455–486, 2003
Human homeobox gene HOXC13 is the partner of NUP98 in adult acute myeloid leukemia with t(11;12)(p15;q13)
Authors: La Starza Roberta , Trubia Maurizio , Crescenzi Barbara , Matteucci Caterina , Negrini Massimo , Martelli Massimo F. , Pelicci Pier Giuseppe , Mecucci Cristina
Published: March 2003

The chimeric gene NUP98/HOXC13 was detected in a patient with a de novo acute myeloid leukemia and a t(11;12)(p15;q13). Fluorescence in situ hybridization with PAC1173K1 identified the breakpoint on 11p15, indicating that the NUP98 gene was involved in the translocation. At 12q13, the breakpoint fell within BAC 578A18, selected for the homeobox C (HOXC) cluster genes. RACE‐PCR showed that HOXC13 was the partner gene of NUP98. To date, HOXC13 is the eighth homeobox gene that, as the result of a reciprocal translocation, fuses with NUP98 in myeloid malignancies. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The interaction between cost‐management and learning for major surgical procedures – lessons from asymmetric information
Authors: Ernst Christian M.
Published: March 2003

The theory of the learning curve states that learning effects are of particular importance in industries, where human skills play an important role. Consequently, one would expect to find large learning effects for surgical procedures because the physician's experience is quite important for this type of work. For hospitals, there exists indeed a well‐documented effect that shows a positive relationship between the number of a certain type of surgery being performed and its resulting quality (volume–outcome relationship). Empirical analyses of the impact of learning on the average cost of a procedure, however, have noted a conspicuous absence of learning effects. Using a mechanism design approach, the paper analyzes a model of quality and cost‐management for a hospital, where learning effects are included into the cost function and asymmetric information exists between management and physician. It seeks to answer the question, whether recommendations from a symmetric information scenario with respect to learning carry over to a health care setting, where informational problems tend to be pronounced and severe. If surgery volume interacts with physicians' informational rents, an optimal management reaction to the presence of learning may result in a policy, which is the exact opposite of the one under symmetric information. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lipoblastomatosis of the neck causing hemiparesis: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Sun James J. , Rasgon Barry M. , Hilsinger Raymond L.
Published: March 2003

Background.

Lipoblastoma and lipoblastomatosis are rare pediatric adipose tumors that sometimes affect the neck or spinal cord. This case is the third report of lipoblastoma extending into the spinal canal, the first report of intradural tumor extension, and the first report of hemiparesis resulting from lipoblastoma compressing the spinal cord.

Methods.

A 13‐month‐old boy was seen by a pediatrician for a firm, supraclavicular neck mass on the left side. After being evaluated by CT and MRI scanning, the tumor was partially resected.

Results.

Postoperative microscopic examination of the tumor showed adipose cells with mature nuclei and well‐formed fat vacuoles interspersed with fibrovascular septa, a finding consistent with maturing lipoblastoma.

Conclusions.

Although lipoblastomatous tumors are treated with complete surgical resection when possible, location of these tumors in the neck may dictate partial resection to avoid intraoperative injury to the spinal cord. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 25: 337–340, 2003
Predictive value of the fraction of cancer cells immunolabeled for proliferating cell nuclear antigen or Ki67 in biopsies of head and neck carcinomas to identify lymph node metastasis: Comparison with clinical and radiologic examinations
Authors: Liu Ming , Lawson Georges , Delos Monique , Jamart Jacques , Ide Christophe , Coche Emmanuel , Weynand Birgit , Desuter Gauthier , Hamoir Marc , Remacle Marc , Marbaix Etienne
Published: March 2003

Background.

Neck metastasis is a major prognostic factor of head and neck carcinoma, but its preoperative detection is currently unreliable. Molecular markers of the metastatic potential of a carcinoma would help to avoid unnecessary neck dissection in patients with nonmetastatic cancer.

Methods.

The fractions of cancer cells immunostained for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki67 were determined in 80 preoperative biopsy specimens of head and neck carcinomas. The value of both indexes to detect metastasis in the subsequent neck dissection was compared with that of the clinical and radiologic examinations.

Results.

PCNA and Ki67 indexes correlated with neck metastasis. Cutoff points were determined for both indexes to discriminate metastatic from nonmetastatic carcinomas. By multivariate logistic regression, these indexes were significant predictors of metastases, together with clinical T stage and neck palpation.

Conclusion.

The fraction of cancer cells immunolabeled for PCNA or Ki67 in preoperative biopsy specimens is helpful to predict neck metastasis. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 25: 280–288, 2003
Chemoselectivity and Conformational Analysis of the Reaction of 2‐Acetylcycloalkanones with Benzohydrazide: Synthesis and Reduction of 1‐Aroylcycloalkapyrazole Derivatives
Authors: Tsoleridis Constantinos A. , Stephanidou‐Stephanatou Julia , Zika Chara , Pozarentzi Minothora , Alevizopoulos Stephanos
Published: March 2003

From the reaction of 2‐acetylcyclopentanone and 2‐acetyl‐2‐methylcyclopentanone with benzohydrazide, the 1‐benzoyl‐6a‐hydroxycyclopentapyrazole derivatives 2a and 2b were obtained as the only reaction products, whereas from the reaction of 2‐acetylcyclohexanone an epimeric cis/trans mixture of the 2‐benzoyl‐3‐hydroxy‐2H‐indazole derivative 3c was formed. The dehydration of the isolated compounds 2a and 3c, as well as the NaBH4 and NaBH3CN reduction products of 2a were studied. The structural assignments of the compounds derived were established by analysis of their NMR spectra (1H, 13C, DEPT, COSY, NOESY, HETCOR CH, and COLOC CH). The chemoselectivity of the reactions of 1a and 1c with benzohydrazide was studied by conformational analysis with MM2 and semiempirical (AM1 and PM3) MO calculations.
Syntheses of β‐C(1→3)‐Glucopyranosides of 2‐ and 4‐Deoxy‐D‐hexoses
Authors: Demange Raynald , Bühlmann Carine , Vogel Pierre
Published: March 2003

The OshimaNozaki (Et2AlI) condensation of isolevoglucosenone (4) with 2,6‐anhydro‐3,4,5,7‐tetra‐O‐benzyl‐D‐glycero‐D‐gulo‐heptose (5) gave an enone 6 that was converted with high stereoselectivity to 3‐C‐[(1R)‐2,6‐anhydro‐D‐glycero‐D‐gulo‐heptitol‐1‐C‐yl]‐2,3‐dideoxy‐D‐arabino‐hexose (1; 1 : 1 mixture of α‐ and β‐D‐pyranose), and to 3‐C‐[(1R)‐2,6‐anhydro‐D‐glycero‐D‐gulo‐heptitol‐1‐C‐yl]‐2,3‐dideoxy‐D‐lyxo‐hexose (2; 2.7 : 1.4 : 1.0 : 1.4 mixture of α‐D‐furanose, β‐D‐furanose, α‐D‐pyranose, and β‐D‐pyranose). The OshimaNozaki (Et2AlI) condensation of levoglucosenone (17) with aldehyde 5 gave an enone 18 that was converted with high stereoselectivity to 3‐C‐[(1R)‐2,6‐anhydro‐D‐glycero‐D‐gulo‐heptitol‐1‐C‐yl]‐3,4‐dideoxy‐α‐D‐arabino‐hexopyranose (3; single anomer).
Photocycloisomerization of Boc‐Protected 5‐Alkenyl‐2,5‐dihydro‐1H‐ pyrrol‐2‐ones
Authors: Wrobel Matthias N. , Margaretha Paul
Published: March 2003

On irradiation (254 nm), the newly synthesized Boc‐protected 5‐alkenyl‐2,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrrol‐2‐ones 13 undergo regioselective intramolecular [2+2] photocycloadditions. While the allyl derivatives 13a–13c afford mainly azatricyclo[3.3.0.02,7]octanones, i.e., crossed cycloadducts, the butenyl‐ and pentenyl‐substituted compounds 13d and 13e isomerize preferentially to straight cycloadducts.
Superoxide radical generation and Mn‐ and Cu‐Zn superoxide dismutases activities in human leukemic cells
Authors: Kato Masahiko , Minakami Hisanori , Kuroiwa Minoru , Kobayashi Yasuyuki , Oshima Shigeru , Kozawa Kunihisa , Morikawa Akihiro , Kimura Hirokazu
Published: March 2003

Mn‐ and Cu‐Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and generation of superoxide radicals (O) were assessed in leukemic cells from 10 patients with acute myeloid or monocytic leukemia (AML) and 10 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), using a sensitive, specific chemiluminescence method. Leukemic cells were classified according to the French–American–British classification. M4 AML cells from two patients produced some O upon stimulation with opsonized zymosan (OZ), phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) or N‐formyl‐methionyl‐leucyl‐phenylalanine (FMLP), but less than normal granulocytes or monocytes. M5b AML cells from one patient produced as much O in response to these stimulants as normal monocytes. No O generation was induced in other types of leukemic cells. Total SOD activity in AML cells was significantly greater in normal granulocytes, but was only half of the activity in ALL cells. Mn‐SOD in AML cells was very low or undetectable. These results suggest that except in M5b cells, decreased O production may contribute to susceptibility to infections in AML patients. Decreased Mn‐SOD activity in AML cells may predispose them to oxidative stress. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detection and monitoring of clonality in peripheral blood and bone marrow of patients with B‐cell lymphoproliferative disorders
Authors: Leal E. , Esparza‐Flores M. A. , López‐Guido B. , Aguilar‐Luna C. , Aguilar‐López L. , Jaloma‐Cruz A. R. , Medina C. , Barros‐Núñez P.
Published: March 2003

Bone marrow (BM) is accepted as the tissue of choice for the detection of monoclonal populations in leukemias and lymphomas; however, obtaining BM can be painful and traumatic for the patients. Although it is possible to detect clonality in peripheral blood (PB) samples, there are no reports comparing the results observed from BM with those from PB. Lymphoblastic leukemias and lymphomas are derived from B‐lymphocytes in 80% of cases. In the early stages of their maturation, the immunoglobulin heavy chain genes (IgH) undergo rearrangements among their V, D, and J segments, giving rise to the Complementarity Determining Regions (CDR). Of these, CDR3 is unique for each lymphocyte and therefore it can be used as a tumour‐specific marker in these malignant disorders. Among the 104 patients from whom we obtained pre‐treatment paired samples of PB and BM, 94 (90.4%) showed concordant results. Similarly, at the end of treatment, 40 of 44 patients (90.9%) showed this concordance. During treatment only 24 patients were monitored and monoclones disappeared in 12 patients; in the other half, they persisted either partial or totally. We demonstrate that the detection and monitoring of monoclonal populations in the PB, in comparison with BM, was achieved with a statistical sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 92%. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Implementing EVA®: One company's story
Authors: Cagle Leisa , Smythe Thomas , Fulmer John
Published: March 2003

There has been a lot of talk about the benefits of increasing shareholder value, as measured by EVA
(Economic Value Added). But what problems do you face when you actually try to implement EVA?
And how can you overcome those obstacles? Here is how one company did it. © 2003 Wiley
Periodicals, Inc.
ATP release from hypotonically stressed skate RBC: Potential role in osmolyte channel regulation
Authors: Goldstein Leon , Koomoa Dana‐Lynn , Musch Mark W.
Published: March 2003

A variety of cells, including skate RBC, release osmolytes (e.g. taurine) when hypotonically swollen as part of a regulatory volume decrease. In this study we show that skate RBC also release ATP into the incubation medium under the same conditions. Furthermore extracellular ATP as well as other nucleotides likely to be released from the RBC, inhibit the hypotonically activated transport of taurine. Therefore, ATP and other nucleotides released from hypotonically stressed RBC have the potential to act as modulators of osmolyte release during hyposmotic stress. J. Exp. Zool. 296A:160–163, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Response of the thyroid gland of the lizard Podarcis sicula to endothelin‐1
Authors: Virgilio Francesca , Sciarrillo Rosaria , Laforgia Vincenza , Varano Lorenzo
Published: March 2003

Although endothelins were originally discovered as peptides with vasoconstrictor activity, recent studies have indicated a number of endothelin (ET) induced hormonal functions in various tissues. We have studied the interaction of ET‐1 with thyroid gland of the lizard Podarcis sicula. The effects of ET‐1 administration on the plasma levels of the thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and TSH were stimulatory. Morphological changes in the thyroid after treatment with ET‐1 were also detected: the height of the epithelial cells slightly increased and the apical surface acquired microvilli protruding into the follicular lumen. The colloid filled up the lumen and showed a rich peripheral vacuolation. In conclusion, a modulatory role in the control of the reptilian thyroid gland is suggested for ET‐1. This is the first report on the interaction of ET‐1 with the thyroid gland of reptilian. J. Exp. Zool. 296A:137–142, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of foreign genes in lamprey embryos: An approach to study evolutionary changes in gene regulation
Authors: Kusakabe Rie , Tochinai Shin , Kuratani Shigeru
Published: March 2003

Evolution in development can be viewed as a sequence of changes in gene regulation. To investigate the cross‐species compatibility of 5' upstream regulatory regions, we introduced exogenous gene constructs derived from a gnathostome genome into fertilized eggs of the Japanese lamprey, Lampetra japonica, a sister group of the gnathostomes. Eggs were injected with gene constructs in which a sequence encoding the green fluorescent protein (GFP) had been located downstream of either a virus promoter or 5' regulatory regions of medaka actin genes. Reporter gene expression was recorded for more than a month starting two days after injection. Although the expression patterns were highly mosaic and differed among individuals, GFP was expressed predominantly in the striated muscles of lamprey embryos when driven by the 5' upstream regions of the medaka muscle actin genes. This implies that a pan‐vertebrate muscle‐specific gene regulatory mechanism may have evolved before the agnathan/gnathostome divergence. This gene‐transfer technique potentially facilitates the visualization of cells in various differentiating tissues throughout development. The introduction of developmental genes of the lamprey or other animals into lamprey embryos is another potentially important application, one that could provide us with information on the evolutionary changes in functions of genes or gene cascades. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 296B:87–97, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Developmental constraints in a comparative framework: A test case using variations in phalanx number during amniote evolution
Authors: Richardson Michael K. , Chipman Ariel D.
Published: March 2003

Constraints are factors that limit evolutionary change. A subset of constraints is developmental, and acts during embryonic development. There is some uncertainty about how to define developmental constraints, and how to formulate them as testable hypotheses. Furthermore, concepts such as constraint‐breaking, universal constraints, and forbidden morphologies present some conceptual difficulties. One of our aims is to clarify these issues. After briefly reviewing current classifications of constraint, we define developmental constraints as those affecting morphogenetic processes in ontogeny. They may be generative or selective, although a clear distinction cannot always be drawn. We support the idea that statements about constraints are in fact statements about the relative frequency of particular transformations (where ‘transformation’ indicates a change from the ancestral condition). An important consequence of this is that the same transformation may be constrained in one developmental or phylogenetic context, but evolutionarily plastic in another. In this paper, we analyse developmental constraints within a phylogenetic framework, building on similar work by previous authors. Our approach is based on the following assumptions from the literature: (1) constraints are identified when there is a discrepancy between the observed frequency of a transformation, and its expected frequency; (2) the ‘expected’ distribution is derived by examining the phylogenetic distribution of the transformation and its associated selection pressures. Thus, by looking for congruence between these various phylogenetic distribution patterns, we can test hypotheses about constraint. We critically examine this approach using a test case: variation in phalanx‐number in the amniote limb. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 296B:8–22, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regulatory motifs are present in the ITS1 of some flatworm species
Authors: Van Herwerden Lynne , Caley M. Julian , Blair David
Published: March 2003

Particular sequence motifs can act as transcription regulators. Because the total regulatory effects of such motifs can be related to their abundance, their presence might be expected at locations within the genome where sequences are repeated. Multiple repeats that vary in number among individuals occur within the ribosomal first internal transcribed spacer (ITS1) in some species in three trematode genera: Paragonimus, Schistosoma and Dolichosaccus. In all of these genera we found in ITS1, sequences identical to known enhancer motifs. We also searched for, and identified, known regulatory motifs in published ITS1 sequences of other parasitic flatworms including Echinostoma spp. (Trematoda) and Echinococcus spp. (Cestoda) which lack multiple repeats in ITS1. We present three lines of evidence that this widespread occurrence of such motifs within the ITS1 of parasitic flatworms may indicate a functional role in regulating tissue‐ or stage‐specific transcription of ribosomal genes. First, these motifs are identical to ones whose functional roles have been established using in vitro assays of transcriptional rates. Second, in all 18 species investigated here, between one and three different regulatory motifs were identified. In 14 of these 18 species, the probability that at least one of these motifs occurred because of the random assortment of bases within the regions investigated was 10% or less. In 12 of these 14 species, the probability was 5% or less. Third, the evolutionary divergence of flatworm species investigated is quite ancient. Therefore, the interspecific distribution of motifs observed here, in a rapidly evolving region such as ITS1, is unlikely to be attributable solely to shared evolutionary histories. These results, therefore, suggest a broader functional role for the ITS1 than previously thought. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 296B:80–86, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vertex‐disjoint cycles containing prescribed vertices
Authors: Ishigami Yoshiyasu , Jiang Tao
Published: March 2003

Enomoto 7 conjectured that if the minimum degree of a graph G of order n ≥ 4k − 1 is at least the integer $ \left \lfloor \sqrt{n+\left (\,{9 \over 4}k^2 - 4k + 1\right)} \,+ {3 \over 2}k - 1 \right \rfloor$, then for any k vertices, G contains k vertex‐disjoint cycles each of which contains one of the k specified vertices. We confirm the conjecture for n ≥ ck2 where c is a constant. Furthermore, we show that under the same condition the cycles can be chosen so that each has length at most six. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 42: 276–296, 2003
Two‐arc closed subsets of graphs
Authors: Conder Marston , Morton Margaret , Praeger Cheryl E.
Published: March 2003

A subset of vertices of a graph is said to be 2‐arc closed if it contains every vertex that is adjacent to at least two vertices in the subset. In this paper, 2‐arc closed subsets generated by pairs of vertices at distance at most 2 are studied. Several questions are posed about the structure of such subsets and the relationships between two such subsets, and examples are given from the class of partition graphs. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 42: 350–364, 2003