bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hippocampal GABAergic Inhibitory Interneurons
Authors: Pelkey Kenneth A. , Chittajallu Ramesh , Craig Michael T. , Tricoire Ludovic , Wester Jason C. , McBain Chris J.
Published: September 2017

In the hippocampus GABAergic local circuit inhibitory interneurons represent only ~10–15% of the total neuronal population; however, their remarkable anatomical and physiological diversity allows them to regulate virtually all aspects of cellular and circuit function. Here we provide an overview of the current state of the field of interneuron research, focusing largely on the hippocampus. We discuss recent advances related to the various cell types, including their development and maturation, expression of subtype-specific voltage- and ligand-gated channels, and their roles in network oscillations. We also discuss recent technological advances and approaches that have permitted high-resolution, subtype-specific examination of their roles in numerous neural circuit disorders and the emerging therapeutic strategies to ameliorate such pathophysiological conditions. The ultimate goal of this review is not only to provide a touchstone for the current state of the field, but to help pave the way for future research by highlighting where gaps in our knowledge exist and how a complete appreciation of their roles will aid in future therapeutic strategies.
Combination of the Improved Diffraction Nonlocal Boundary Condition and Three-Dimensional Wide-Angle Parabolic Equation Decomposition Model for Predicting Radio Wave Propagation
Authors: Wang Ruidong , Lu Guizhen , Zhang Rongshu , Xu Weizhang
Published: September 2017

Diffraction nonlocal boundary condition (BC) is one kind of the transparent boundary condition which is used in the finite-difference (FD) parabolic equation (PE). The greatest advantage of the diffraction nonlocal boundary condition is that it can absorb the wave completely by using one layer of grid. However, the speed of computation is low because of the time-consuming spatial convolution integrals. To solve this problem, we introduce the recursive convolution (RC) with vector fitting (VF) method to accelerate the computational speed. Through combining the diffraction nonlocal boundary with RC, we achieve the improved diffraction nonlocal BC. Then we propose a wide-angle three-dimensional parabolic equation (WA-3DPE) decomposition algorithm in which the improved diffraction nonlocal BC is applied and we utilize it to predict the wave propagation problems in the complex environment. Numeric computation and measurement results demonstrate the computational accuracy and speed of the WA-3DPE decomposition model with the improved diffraction nonlocal BC.
1H NMR‐Based Metabonomic Study of Functional Dyspepsia in Stressed Rats Treated with Chinese Medicine Weikangning
Authors: Guo Yu , Li Zhongfeng , Liu Xinfeng , Su Xiaolan , Li Yijie , Zhu Jiajie , Song Yilin , Zhang Ping , Chen Jiande D. Z. , Wei Ruhan , Yang Jianqin , Wei Wei
Published: September 2017

1H NMR‐based metabolic profiling combined with multivariate data analysis was used to explore the metabolic phenotype of functional dyspepsia (FD) in stressed rats and evaluate the intervention effects of the Chinese medicine Weikangning (WKN). After a 7‐day period of model establishment, a 14‐day drug administration schedule was conducted in a WKN‐treated group of rats, with the model and normal control groups serving as negative controls. Based on 1H NMR spectra of urine and serum from rats, PCA, PLS‐DA, and OPLS‐DA were performed to identify changing metabolic profiles. According to the key metabolites determined by OPLS‐DA, alterations in energy metabolism, stress‐related metabolism, and gut microbiota were found in FD model rats after stress stimulation, and these alterations were restored to normal after WKN administration. This study may provide new insights into the relationship between FD and psychological stress and assist in research into the metabolic mechanisms involved in Chinese medicine.
The Importance of Magnesium in Clinical Healthcare
Authors: Schwalfenberg Gerry K. , Genuis Stephen J.
Published: September 2017

The scientific literature provides extensive evidence of widespread magnesium deficiency and the potential need for magnesium repletion in diverse medical conditions. Magnesium is an essential element required as a cofactor for over 300 enzymatic reactions and is thus necessary for the biochemical functioning of numerous metabolic pathways. Inadequate magnesium status may impair biochemical processes dependent on sufficiency of this element. Emerging evidence confirms that nearly two-thirds of the population in the western world is not achieving the recommended daily allowance for magnesium, a deficiency problem contributing to various health conditions. This review assesses available medical and scientific literature on health issues related to magnesium. A traditional integrated review format was utilized for this study. Level I evidence supports the use of magnesium in the prevention and treatment of many common health conditions including migraine headache, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, asthma, premenstrual syndrome, preeclampsia, and various cardiac arrhythmias. Magnesium may also be considered for prevention of renal calculi and cataract formation, as an adjunct or treatment for depression, and as a therapeutic intervention for many other health-related disorders. In clinical practice, optimizing magnesium status through diet and supplementation appears to be a safe, useful, and well-documented therapy for several medical conditions.
Memetic Computing Applied to the Design of Composite Materials and Structures
Authors: Pelaez Jose Ignacio , Gomez-Ruiz Jose Antonio , Veintimilla Jorge , Vaccaro Gustavo , Witt Patricia
Published: September 2017

Presently, there exists an important need for lighter and more resistant structures, with reduced manufacturing costs. Laminated polymers are materials which respond to these new demands. Main difficulties of the design process of a composite laminate include the necessity to design both the geometry of the element and the material configuration itself and, therefore, the possibilities of creating composite materials are almost unlimited. Many techniques, ranging from linear programming or finite elements to computational intelligence, have been used to solve this type of problems. The aim of this work is to show that more effective and dynamic methods to solve this type of problems are obtained by using certain techniques based on systematic exploitation of knowledge of the problem, together with the combination of metaheuristics based on population as well as on local search. With this objective, a memetic algorithm has been designed and compared with the main heuristics used in the design of laminated polymers in different scenarios. All solutions obtained have been validated by the ANSYS® software package.
On the Shoulders of Giants: Incremental Influence Maximization in Evolving Social Networks
Authors: Liu Xiaodong , Liao Xiangke , Li Shanshan , Zheng Si , Lin Bin , Zhang Jingying , Shao Lisong , Huang Chenlin , Xiao Liquan
Published: September 2017

Influence maximization problem aims to identify the most influential individuals so as to help in developing effective viral marketing strategies over social networks. Previous studies mainly focus on designing efficient algorithms or heuristics on a static social network. As a matter of fact, real-world social networks keep evolving over time and a recalculation upon the changed network inevitably leads to a long running time. In this paper, we propose an incremental approach, IncInf, which can efficiently locate the top-K influential individuals in evolving social networks based on previous information instead of calculation from scratch. In particular, IncInf quantitatively analyzes the influence spread changes of nodes by localizing the impact of topology evolution to only local regions, and a pruning strategy is further proposed to narrow the search space into nodes experiencing major increases or with high degrees. To evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness, we carried out extensive experiments on real-world dynamic social networks: Facebook, NetHEPT, and Flickr. Experimental results demonstrate that, compared with the state-of-the-art static algorithm, IncInf achieves remarkable speedup in execution time while maintaining matching performance in terms of influence spread.
Experimental Characterization of LTE Wireless Links in High-Speed Trains
Authors: Domínguez-Bolaño Tomás , Rodríguez-Piñeiro José , García-Naya José A. , Castedo Luis
Published: September 2017

Multimedia and data-based services experienced a nonstopping growth over the last few years. People are continuously on the move using devices to access multimedia contents or other data-based services. Due to this, railway companies are showing a great interest in deploying broadband mobile wireless networks in high-speed-trains with the aim of supporting both passenger services provisioning as well as automatic train control and signaling. Nowadays, the most widely used technology for communications between trains and the railway infrastructure is GSM for Railways (GSM-R); however, it has limited capabilities to support such advanced services. Due to its success in the mass market, Long Term Evolution (LTE) seems to be the best candidate to substitute GSM-R. In this paper, we experimentally characterize the downlink between an LTE Evolved NodeB (eNodeB) and a high-speed train in a commercial high-speed line. We consider two links: the one between the eNodeB and the antennas placed outdoors on the train roof, and the direct link between the eNodeB and a receiver inside the train. Such a characterization consists in assessing the path loss, the Signal to Noise Ratio, the K-Factor, the Power Delay Profile, the delay spread, and the Doppler Power Spectral Density.
Pressure Transient Behavior of Horizontal Well with Time-Dependent Fracture Conductivity in Tight Oil Reservoirs
Authors: Feng Qihong , Xia Tian , Wang Sen , Singh Harpreet
Published: September 2017

This work presents a discussion on the pressure transient response of multistage fractured horizontal well in tight oil reservoirs. Based on Green’s function, a semianalytical model is put forward to obtain the behavior. Our proposed model accounts for fluid flow in four contiguous regions of the tight formation by using pressure continuity and mass conservation. The time-dependent conductivity of hydraulic fractures, which is ignored in previous models but highlighted by recent experiments, is also taken into account in our proposed model. We also include the effect of pressure drop along a horizontal wellbore. We substantiate the validity of our model and analyze the different flow regimes, as well as the effects of initial conductivity, fracture distribution, and geometry on the pressure transient behavior. Our results suggest that the decrease of fracture conductivity has a tremendous effect on the well performance. Finally, we compare our model results with the field data from a multistage fractured horizontal well in Jimsar sag, Xinjiang oilfield, and a good agreement is obtained.
Quality-Aware Incentive Mechanism for Mobile Crowd Sensing
Authors: Jiang Ling-Yun , He Fan , Wang Yu , Sun Li-Juan , Huang Hai-ping
Published: September 2017

Mobile crowd sensing (MCS) is a novel sensing paradigm which can sense human-centered daily activities and the surrounding environment. The impact of mobility and selfishness of participants on the data reliability cannot be ignored in most mobile crowd sensing systems. To address this issue, we present a universal system model based on the reverse auction framework and formulate the problem as the Multiple Quality Multiple User Selection (MQMUS) problem. The quality-aware incentive mechanism (QAIM) is proposed to meet the quality requirement of data reliability. We demonstrate that the proposed incentive mechanism achieves the properties of computational efficiency, individual rationality, and truthfulness. And meanwhile, we evaluate the performance and validate the theoretical properties of our incentive mechanism through extensive simulation experiments.
Oxidative Stress and Acute Kidney Injury in Critical Illness: Pathophysiologic Mechanisms—Biomarkers—Interventions, and Future Perspectives
Authors: Pavlakou Paraskevi , Liakopoulos Vassilios , Eleftheriadis Theodoros , Mitsis Michael , Dounousi Evangelia
Published: September 2017

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a multifactorial entity that occurs in a variety of clinical settings. Although AKI is not a usual reason for intensive care unit (ICU) admission, it often complicates critically ill patients’ clinical course requiring renal replacement therapy progressing sometimes to end‐stage renal disease and increasing mortality. The causes of AKI in the group of ICU patients are further complicated from damaged metabolic state, systemic inflammation, sepsis, and hemodynamic dysregulations, leading to an imbalance that generates oxidative stress response. Abundant experimental and to a less extent clinical data support the important role of oxidative stress‐related mechanisms in the injury phase of AKI. The purpose of this article is to present the main pathophysiologic mechanisms of AKI in ICU patients focusing on the different aspects of oxidative stress generation, the available evidence of interventional measures for AKI prevention, biomarkers used in a clinical setting, and future perspectives in oxidative stress regulation.
Thermal Stability of Cryomilled Al-Mg-Er Powders
Authors: Akinrinlola Bamidele , Gauvin Raynald , Blais Carl , Brochu Mathieu
Published: September 2017

In this study, the thermal stability of nanostructured Al-Mg alloy powders was investigated. Two alloy compositions, Al-5Mg-0.1Er and Al-5Mg-0.5Er (wt.%), were cryogenically milled for 30 h to produce nanostructured powders. The microstructure of the milled powders with increasing temperature was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) with one-hour annealing performed at selected temperatures followed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron microscopy analysis. Prolonged milling led to significant oxygen pick-up in the powders. The Al-5Mg-0.1Er powders experienced grain growth typical of cryomilled Al-Mg powders, while the Al-5Mg-0.5Er alloy showed improved thermal stability. An average grain size of ~20 nm was observed up to 400°C (~0.8Tm) in the Al-5Mg-0.5Er powders, and abnormal growth at 550°C resulted in a maximum observed grain size of 234 nm. Thermal stability in the Al-Mg-Er powders is attributed to the combined effects of solute/impurity drag and second-phase pinning (nanoscale oxides, nitrides, and oxynitrides) that impede grain boundary motion.
Economic and Environmental Evaluation and Optimal Ratio of Natural and Recycled Aggregate Production
Authors: Ghanbari Milad , Monir Abbasi Armin , Ravanshadnia Mehdi
Published: September 2017

Steady increase in overexploitation of stone quarries, generation of construction and demolition waste, and costs of preparing extra landfill space have become environmental and waste management challenges in metropolises. In this paper, aggregate production is studied in two scenarios: scenario 1 representing the production of natural aggregates (NA) and scenario 2 representing the production of recycled aggregates (RA). This study consists of two parts. In the first part, the objective is the environmental assessment (energy consumption and CO2 emission) and economic (cost) evaluation of these two scenarios, which is pursued by life-cycle assessment (LCA) method. In the second part, the results of the first part are used to estimate the optimal combination of production of NA and RA and thereby find an optimal solution (scenario) for a more eco-friendly aggregate production. The defined formulas and relationship are used to develop a model. The results of model validation show that the optimal ratio, in optimal scenario, is 50%. The results show that, compared to scenario 1, optimal scenario improves the energy consumption, CO2 emissions, and production cost by, respectively, 30%, 36%, and 31%, which demonstrate the effectiveness of this optimization.
Comparative Effectiveness of Bone Grafting Using Xenograft Freeze-Dried Cortical Bovine, Allograft Freeze-Dried Cortical New Zealand White Rabbit, Xenograft Hydroxyapatite Bovine, and Xenograft Demineralized Bone Matrix Bovine in Bone Defect of Femoral Diaphysis of White Rabbit: Experimental Study In Vivo
Authors: Mahyudin Ferdiansyah , Utomo Dwikora Novembri , Suroto Heri , Martanto Tri Wahyu , Edward Mouli , Gaol Imelda Lumban
Published: September 2017

Autogenous bone graft is gold standard in treating bone defects, but it might have difficulty in corporation and rejection reaction. This study is to compare the effectiveness among freeze-dried xenograft, freeze-dried allograft, hydroxyapatite xenograft, and demineralized bone matrix xenograft as bone graft to fill bone defect in femoral diaphysis of white rabbit. Thirty male New Zealand white rabbits were distributed into five groups. Bone defect was filled correspondingly with xenograft freeze-dried cortical bovine, allograft freeze-dried cortical New Zealand white rabbit, xenograft hydroxyapatite bovine, and xenograft demineralized bone matrix bovine. No graft was used in control group. VEGF, osteoblast, and woven bone were higher in allograft freeze-dried cortical New Zealand white rabbit (mean 5.6625 (p<0.05)) and xenograft demineralized bone matrix bovine (mean 5.2475 (p<0.05)) with calcification of woven bone was already seen in week 2 in the latter group. There was a decrease of woven bone (mean 4.685 (p<0.05)) fibrous tissue (mean 41.07 (p<0.05)) in xenograft demineralized bone matrix bovine. The Immunoglobulin-G was elevated in control and all study groups but not significantly (p=0.07855). Bone healing process in xenograft demineralized bone matrix bovine is more effective than in xenograft hydroxyapatite bovine, allograft freeze-dried New Zealand white rabbit, xenograft freeze-dried cortical bovine, and control.
Comparison of the Long-Range Climate Memory in Outgoing Longwave Radiation over the Tibetan Plateau and the Indian Monsoon Region
Authors: Shen Zhongping , Shi Jun , Lei Yadong
Published: September 2017

Based on the detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) method, scaling behaviors of the daily outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) from 1979 to 2015 over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and the Indian Monsoon Region (IMR) are analyzed. The results show that there is long-term memory for the OLR time series over the TP and IMR. The long-range memory behaviors of OLR over TP are stronger than those over IMR. The averaged values of the scaling exponents over TP and IMR are 0.71 and 0.64; the maximum values in the two regions are 0.81 and 0.75; the minimum values are 0.59 and 0.58. The maximum frequency counts for scaling exponents occur in the range of 0.625 and 0.675 both in TP and in IMR. The spatial distribution of the scaling exponents of the OLR sequence is closely related to the conditions of climatic high cloud cover in the two areas. The high cloud cover over TP is obviously less than that of IMR. In addition, the scaling behaviors of OLR over TP and IMR are caused by the fractal characteristics of time series, which is further proved by randomly disrupting the time series to remove trends and correlation.
Heterozygous Hemoglobin Sherwood Forest Causing Polycythemia
Authors: Raghunathan Vikram M. , Butera James N. , Treaba Diana O.
Published: September 2017

Hemoglobin (Hb) Sherwood Forest is a rare high-affinity hemoglobin first described in 1977, arising from an Arg to Thr substitution at codon 104 of the beta chain. This hemoglobin variant has been identified in few individuals and has been associated with a compensatory erythrocytosis in the homozygous state. Prior scarce case reports have noted that heterozygotes for this variant are phenotypically normal. Here we present a patient who was evaluated in our hematology clinic for chronic erythrocytosis and was found to be heterozygous for Hb Sherwood Forest. No other primary or secondary cause of his polycythemia was identified. This is the first described case of heterozygous Hemoglobin Sherwood Forest causing erythrocytosis.
Systemic Antitumor Immunity by PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibition Is Potentiated by Vascular-Targeted Photodynamic Therapy of Primary Tumors
Authors: O'Shaughnessy Matthew J. , Murray Katie S. , La Rosa Stephen P. , Budhu Sadna , Merghoub Taha , Somma Alexander , Monette Sebastien , Kim Kwanghee , Corradi Renato Beluco , Scherz Avigdor , Coleman Jonathan A.
Published: September 2017

Purpose: PD-1/PD-L1 pathway inhibition is effective against advanced renal cell carcinoma, although results are variable and may depend on host factors, including the tumor microenvironment. Vascular-targeted photodynamic (VTP) therapy with the photosensitizer WST11 induces a defined local immune response, and we sought to determine whether this could potentiate the local and systemic antitumor response to PD-1 pathway inhibition.

Experimental Design: Using an orthotopic Renca murine model of renal cell carcinoma that develops lung metastases, we treated primary renal tumors with either VTP alone, PD-1/PD-L1 antagonistic antibodies alone, or a combination of VTP and antibodies and then examined treatment responses, including immune infiltration in primary and metastatic sites. Modulation of PD-L1 expression by VTP in human xenograft tumors was also assessed.

Results: Treatment of renal tumors with VTP in combination with systemic PD-1/PD-L1 pathway inhibition, but neither treatment alone, resulted in regression of primary tumors, prevented growth of lung metastases, and prolonged survival in a preclinical mouse model. Analysis of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes revealed that treatment effect was associated with increased CD8+:regulatory T cell (Treg) and CD4+FoxP3-:Treg ratios in primary renal tumors and increased T-cell infiltration in sites of lung metastasis. Furthermore, PD-L1 expression is induced following VTP treatment of human renal cell carcinoma xenografts.

Conclusions: Our results demonstrate a role for local immune modulation with VTP in combination with PD-1/PD-L1 pathway inhibition for generation of potent local and systemic antitumor responses. This combined modality strategy may be an effective therapy in cancers resistant to PD-1/PD-L1 pathway inhibition alone. Clin Cancer Res; 24(3); 592–9. ©2017 AACR.
The Driver Mutational Landscape of Ovarian Squamous Cell Carcinomas Arising in Mature Cystic Teratoma
Authors: Cooke Susanna L. , Ennis Darren , Evers Lisa , Dowson Suzanne , Chan Mei Yen , Paul James , Hirschowitz Lynn , Glasspool Rosalind M. , Singh Naveena , Bell Sarah , Day Elizabeth , Kochman Agata , Wilkinson Nafisa , Beer Philip , Martin Sancha , Millan David , Biankin Andrew V. , McNeish Iain A.
Published: September 2017

Purpose: We sought to identify the genomic abnormalities in squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) arising in ovarian mature cystic teratoma (MCT), a rare gynecological malignancy of poor prognosis.

Experimental design: We performed copy number, mutational state, and zygosity analysis of 151 genes in SCC arising in MCT (n = 25) using next-generation sequencing. The presence of high-/intermediate-risk HPV genotypes was assessed by quantitative PCR. Genomic events were correlated with clinical features and outcome.

Results: MCT had a low mutation burden with a mean of only one mutation per case. Zygosity analyses of MCT indicated four separate patterns, suggesting that MCT can arise from errors at various stages of oogenesis. A total of 244 abnormalities were identified in 79 genes in MCT-associated SCC, and the overall mutational burden was high (mean 10.2 mutations per megabase). No SCC was positive for HPV. The most frequently altered genes in SCC were TP53 (20/25 cases, 80%), PIK3CA (13/25 cases, 52%), and CDKN2A (11/25 cases, 44%). Mutation in TP53 was associated with improved overall survival. In 8 of 20 cases with TP53 mutations, two or more variants were identified, which were bi-allelic.

Conclusions: Ovarian SCC arising in MCT has a high mutational burden, with TP53 mutation the most common abnormality. The presence of TP53 mutation is a good prognostic factor. SCC arising in MCT share similar mutation profiles to other SCC. Given their rarity, they should be included in basket studies that recruit patients with SCC of other organs. Clin Cancer Res; 23(24); 7633–40. ©2017 AACR.
Contradisciplina: indígenas na pós-graduação e os futuros da antropologia
Authors: Souza Marcela Stockler Coelho de
Published: September 2017

Tomando como motivo uma sequência de imagens – portas, árvores, fractais, rios e bacias –, este texto procura apontar e comentar alguns dos desafios e implicações para a antropologia em geral – e para a antropologia brasileira em particular – da presença, em nossos estimados espaços de produção dita teórica, de pessoas indígenas e outras, previamente admitidas não como sujeitos, mas como sujeitados, objetos de teorização. O contexto da reflexão é o programa de ações afirmativas que vem sendo implementado pelo Programa de Antropologia Social da Universidade de Brasília (PPGAS/UnB) desde 2014.
O amadurecimento dos corpos e do cosmos - mito, ritual e pessoa ticuna
Authors: Matarezio Filho Edson Tosta
Published: September 2017

Este artigo visa mostrar algumas relações que os Ticuna estabelecem entre “corpo” e “território”. Para tanto, parto da noção de na’ane, que podemos traduzir aproximadamente como cosmo/mundo/terra/roça. Este termo evoca ainda noções de tempo, mas principalmente mantém uma relação com o corpo ticuna, em especial, o corpo em formação. Tudo leva a crer que a cosmogonia ticuna remonta as fases de amadurecimento sexual dos corpos nos mitos e isso é reproduzido nos corpos das pessoas. O foco deste artigo serão as relações do chamado mundo ainda “verde” (do’ü) com o corpo das moças que passam pelo ritual de iniciação feminina, a Festa da Moça Nova. Nestas relações entre o corpo e o cosmo, alguns temas vêm à tona, como o incesto, o sangue, os cabelos, as periodicidades astronômicas e dos corpos das moças.
À procura da vida: pensando com Gregory Bateson e Tim Ingold a respeito de uma percepção sagrada do ambiente
Authors: Chiesa Gustavo Ruiz
Published: September 2017

No presente artigo pretende-se introduzir algumas das principais noções e conceituações elaboradas por dois influentes antropólogos britânicos: Gregory Bateson (1904-1980) e Tim Ingold (1948- ). Ao longo do texto, articulando uma reflexão ao redor de certas categorias desenvolvidas por esses autores, proporemos a ideia de uma percepção sagrada atenta às relações que atravessam e constituem todos os seres e coisas que habitam o mundo. Uma maneira de perceber, conhecer e se engajar no ambiente que, sem abrir mão dos sonhos e da imaginação, concebe outras formas possíveis de viver a vida e se corresponder com tudo aquilo que nos envolve.
O solteiro, o porco inteiro, o caçador sem caça: o “um” entre os Araweté
Authors: Caux Camila Becattini Pereira de
Published: September 2017

O artigo se dedica a descrever aspectos do universo dos jijehã – isto é, das solteiras e dos solteiros – entre os Araweté, povo habitante do médio curso do rio Xingu (PA), falante de um idioma da família linguística tupi-guarani. Em um local onde o núcleo da socialidade adulta é o casal, refletiremos em que sentido a condição de não-casado pode ser encarada como um “negativo” de tal estado. A partir de uma análise de usos coloquiais da partícula jije, exploraremos como solteiros podem ser considerados “singularidades” compostas por uma “relação de ausência” – não tendo travado uma aliança conjugal específica, podem virtualmente travar uma multiplicidade de relações. Seguiremos daí um pouco da trama relacional dos jovens, refletindo sobre a mobilidade de que são investidos.
A artificação da cultura: a economia da arte e o consumo da cultura no Musée du quai Branly
Authors: Brulon Bruno
Published: September 2017

O artigo resulta da investigação da cadeia museológica que leva à consagração das “artes primeiras” no Musée du quai Branly. Concebido para neutralizar o valor cultural dos objetos nos seus contextos precedentes à entrada para o mercado europeu, o quai Branly, como um museu de arte, vem se voltando quase que exclusivamente para o mercado de arte e para os colecionadores ao constituir a sua coleção. Tal neutralidade cultural, que se dá pelo processo de silenciamento histórico, é construída por uma museologia da artificação na qual os objetos são elevados ao estatuto de “obras de arte” no processo circular que vai do museu ao mercado e vice-versa. Nas “artes primeiras”, a “obra” é o produto de uma tradução cultural por meio da qual elementos de outras culturas são interpretados como arte para poderem transitar como mercadorias no contexto internacional.
Imaginação, linguagem, espíritos e agência: ayahuasca e o tratamento da dependência química
Authors: Mercante Marcelo S.
Published: September 2017

Neste texto será analisado o papel das plantas utilizadas no tratamento da dependência química em uma comunidade terapêutica, Takiwasi, localizada na Amazônia peruana. Takiwasi tem na ayahuasca sua principal ferramenta no processo de recuperação de adictos. A ayahuasca é uma bebida psicoativa amplamente utilizada por diversos povos indígenas em toda a Amazônia e por três religiões brasileiras de base cristã. Em Takiwasi acredita-se que as plantas são dotadas de agência e possuem, além de seus princípios ativos, um outro tipo de ação mais desejada que a química: a espiritual. Para elucidar tal capacidade de agência e poder espiritual, utilizo as noções de “linguagem” de Benjamin e de “espírito” e “imagem” e “imaginação” de Viveiros de Castro.
Sobre laboratórios e jardins
Authors: Tempesta Giovana Acacia
Published: September 2017

Sobre laboratórios e jardins
Curso Experimental de Medicina na FMUSP e suas conjecturas de implementação
Authors: Tavano Patricia Teixeira
Published: September 2017

No ano de 1968, a Faculdade de Medicina da USP iniciou uma experiência educacional designada Curso Experimental de Medicina (CEM). Oferecido concomitante ao seu curso médico convencional, o CEM trazia uma proposta curricular distinta, organizando os conteúdos em blocos, integrando-os verticalmente, inserindo os estudantes mais precocemente na prática clínica, e introduzindo a atenção primária e secundária como parte do percurso formativo. Este artigo é baseado em tese de doutorado apresentada à Faculdade de Educação da USP, e busca recuperar os protagonistas propositores e as contingências de proposição do CEM, tendo como base a análise de documentos escritos e orais.
A disciplina Gravitação no Curso de Licenciatura em Física da USP: objetivos e fundamentos de uma proposta guiada pela história e filosofia da ciência
Authors: Polati Flávia , Dias Valéria Silva , Zanetic João
Published: September 2017

Atualmente podemos dizer que há um reconhecimento da importância da presença de elementos da história e da filosofia da ciência na sala de aula por inúmeras pesquisas, currículos, diretrizes nacionais e internacionais para o ensino de ciências mundial. Entretanto, uma das dificuldades em levar tais elementos para a sala de aula, recai na formação específica do professor para lidar com os conteúdos científicos e também aspectos da história e da filosofia da ciência inerente aos episódios abordados. Dessa forma, apresentamos neste artigo os fundamentos, objetivos e pressupostos da disciplina Gravitação, regularmente oferecida no 2º semestre da Licenciatura em Física da USP. Tal disciplina busca introduzir conceitos de Física através do desenvolvimento histórico e filosófico das teorias da Gravitação, partindo desde os gregos até as teorias gravitacionais do século XX. Ao apresentar alguns resultados gerais de três momentos da implementação dessa proposta, buscamos analisar alguns caminhos percorridos pelos docentes que a implementaram, olhando como esta disciplina manteve sua proposta original e quais seus papeis no início da formação de professores e Física.
Cross-cultural adaptation of the EMIC Stigma Scale for people with leprosy in Brazil
Authors: Morgado Fabiane Frota da Rocha , Silveira Erika Maria Kopp Xavier da , Sales Anna Maria , Nascimento Lilian Pinheiro Rodrigues do , Sarno Euzenir Nunes , Nery José Augusto da Costa , Oliveira Aldair J , Illarramendi Ximena
Published: September 2017

OBJECTIVE Describe the process of cross-cultural adaptation of the “Explanatory Model Interview Catalog – Stigma Scale” for people affected by leprosy in Brazil. METHODS After being authorized by the author of the scale to use it in the national context, we initiated the five steps process of cross-cultural adaptation: (1) translation, (2) synthesis meeting, (3) back-translation, (4) committee of experts and (5) pre-test. The internal consistency of the scale was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. RESULTS The 15 items of the scale’s original version were translated into Brazilian Portuguese. The adapted scale showed evidence of a good understanding of its content, attested both by experts and members of the target population. Its internal consistency was 0.64. CONCLUSIONS The adapted instrument shows satisfactory internal consistency. It may be useful in future studies that intend to provide broad situational analysis that supports solid public health programs with a focus on effective stigma reduction. In a later study, the construct’s validity, criterion, and reproducibility will be evaluated.
Evaluation of the performance of actions and outcomes in primary health care
Authors: Miclos Paula Vitali , Calvo Maria Cristina Marino , Colussi Claudia Flemming
Published: September 2017

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study has been to evaluate the performance of the primary care of Brazilian municipalities in relation to health actions and outcomes. METHODS This is an evaluative, cross-sectional research, with a quantitative approach, aimed at the identification of the efficiency frontier of the primary care in health actions and outcomes in Brazilian municipalities. Secondary data have been collected from the Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica (National Program for Improving Access and Quality of Primary Care) and the Department of Informatics of the Brazilian Unified Health System, in 2012. The data envelopment analysis tool has been used for variable returns to scale with product orientation. RESULTS Municipalities have been analyzed by population size, and small municipalities have presented a high percentage of inefficiency for both models. CONCLUSIONS The analysis of efficiency has indicated the existence of a higher percentage of effective municipalities in the model of health actions than in the model of health outcomes.
Psychological model of ART adherence behaviors in persons living with HIV/AIDS in Mexico: a structural equation analysis
Authors: Sagarduy José Luis Ybarra , López Julio Alfonso Piña , Ramírez Mónica Teresa González , Dávila Luis Enrique Fierros
Published: September 2017

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study has been to test the ability of variables of a psychological model to predict antiretroviral therapy medication adherence behavior. METHODS We have conducted a cross-sectional study among 172 persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), who completed four self-administered assessments: 1) the Psychological Variables and Adherence Behaviors Questionnaire, 2) the Stress-Related Situation Scale to assess the variable of Personality, 3) The Zung Depression Scale, and 4) the Duke-UNC Functional Social Support Questionnaire. Structural equation modeling was used to construct a model to predict medication adherence behaviors. RESULTS Out of all the participants, 141 (82%) have been considered 100% adherent to antiretroviral therapy. Structural equation modeling has confirmed the direct effect that personality (decision-making and tolerance of frustration) has on motives to behave, or act accordingly, which was in turn directly related to medication adherence behaviors. In addition, these behaviors have had a direct and significant effect on viral load, as well as an indirect effect on CD4 cell count. The final model demonstrates the congruence between theory and data (x2/df. = 1.480, goodness of fit index = 0.97, adjusted goodness of fit index = 0.94, comparative fit index = 0.98, root mean square error of approximation = 0.05), accounting for 55.7% of the variance. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study support our theoretical model as a conceptual framework for the prediction of medication adherence behaviors in persons living with HIV/AIDS. Implications for designing, implementing, and evaluating intervention programs based on the model are to be discussed.
Validity of questions about activities of daily living to screen for dependency in older adults
Authors: Rebouças Monica , Coelho-Filho João Macedo , Veras Renato Peixoto , Lima-Costa Maria Fernanda , Ramos Luiz Roberto
Published: September 2017

OBJECTIVE To determine the criterion validity of the activities of daily living present in functionality questionnaires in older adults for population surveys and to identify which activities are valid to quantify the real daily need for help of this population. METHODS This is a population sample of older adults stratified by levels of functionality, according to self-perception of dependency in the activities of daily living. Self-perception was compared with the gold standard – direct observation of these activities in the household of older adults by a trained professional, blinded to the answers in the questionnaire. At the visit, it was decided if the older adult needed help to perform any of the activities of daily living for the research. The sensitivity of each activity of daily living was greater when the self-assessment that there was no need for help coincided with the assessment of the professional. Specificity indicates coincidence regarding the need for help in the activities of daily living – coefficients of sensitivity and specificity above 70% were considered as indicative of good validity. RESULTS Self-assessments showed better sensitivity than specificity – older adults and observers agreed more on daily independency than on dependency. All activities showed sensitivity above 70%. Some activities had low (go shopping: 55%) or very low specificity (brush the hair: 33%). The best specificities were to take a shower and dress up (95.8% for both), among the personal ones, and to use transportation and perform banking transactions (78% for both), among the instrumental ones. CONCLUSIONS Activities of daily living can be valid indicators of functional dependence. The best coefficients of validity were generally obtained for personal activities. Some activities with good sensitivities and specificities – walk 100 meters, take a shower, and lie down in and get out of the bed – can be used to classify older adults into low, average, and high need for help depending on the affected activities and, therefore, can help in the planning of health services aimed at them.
Care coordination in PMAQ-AB: an Item Response Theory-based analysis
Authors: Souza Miriam Francisco de , Santos Alaneir de Fatima dos , Reis Ilka Afonso , Santos Marcos Antônio da Cunha , Jorge Alzira de Oliveira , Machado Antônio Tomaz Gonzaga da Matta , Andrade Eli Iola Gurgel , Cherchiglia Mariangela Leal
Published: September 2017

OBJECTIVE Analyze the quality of the National Program for Primary Care Access and Quality Improvement variables to evaluate the coordination of primary care. METHODS A cross-sectional study based on data from 17,202 primary care teams that participated in the National Program for Primary Care Access and Quality Improvement in 2012. Based on the Item Response Theory, Samejima’s Gradual Response Model was used to estimate the score related to the level of coordination. The Cronbach’s alpha and Spearman’ coefficients and the point-biserial correlation were used to analyze the internal consistency and the correlation between the items and between the items and the total score. We evaluated the assumptions of unidimensionality and local independence of the items. Cloud-type word charts aided in the interpretation of coordination levels. RESULTS The Program items with the greatest discrimination in coordination level were: telephone/Internet existence, institutional communication flows, and matrix support actions. The specialists’ contact frequency with the primary care and integrated electronic medical record required a greater level of coordination among the teams. The Cronbach’ alpha was 0.8018. The institutional communication flows and telephone/Internet items had a higher correlation with the total score. Coordination scores ranged from -2.67 (minimum) to 2.83 (maximum). More communication, information exchange, matrix support, health care in the territory and the domicile had a significant influence on the levels of coordination. CONCLUSIONS The ability to provide information and the frequency of contact among professionals are important elements for a comprehensive, continuous and high-quality care.
Henry Ford HEART Score Randomized Trial
Authors: Frisoli Tiberio M. , Nowak Richard , Evans Kaleigh L. , Harrison Michael , Alani Maath , Varghese Saira , Rahman Mehnaz , Noll Samantha , Flannery Katherine R. , Michaels Alex , Tabaku Mishel , Jacobsen Gordon , McCord James
Published: September 2017

Background—

Hospital evaluation of patients with chest pain is common and costly. The HEART score risk stratification tool that merges troponin testing into a clinical risk model for evaluation emergency department patients with possible acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has been shown to effectively identify a substantial low-risk subset of patients possibly safe for early discharge without stress testing, a strategy that could have tremendous healthcare savings implications.

Method and Results—

A total of 105 patients evaluated for AMI in the emergency departments of 2 teaching hospitals in the Henry Ford Health System (Detroit and West Bloomfield, MI), between February 2014 and May 2015, with a modified HEART score ≤3 (which includes cardiac troponin I <0.04 ng/mL at 0 and 3 hours) were randomized to immediate discharge (n=53) versus management in an observation unit with stress testing (n=52). The primary end points were 30-day total charges and length of stay. Secondary end points were all-cause death, nonfatal AMI, rehospitalization for evaluation of possible AMI, and coronary revascularization at 30 days. Patients randomized to early discharge, compared with those who were admitted for observation and cardiac testing, spent less time in the hospital (median 6.3 hours versus 25.9 hours;
P
<0.001) with an associated reduction in median total charges of care ($2953 versus $9616;
P
<0.001). There were no deaths, AMIs, or coronary revascularizations in either group. One patient in each group was lost to follow-up.

Conclusions—

Among patients evaluated for possible AMI in the emergency department with a modified HEART score ≤3, early discharge without stress testing as compared with transfer to an observation unit for stress testing was associated with significant reductions in length of stay and total charges, a finding that has tremendous potential national healthcare expenditure implications.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT03058120
Quantification of Paratrichodorus allius in DNA extracted from soil using TaqMan Probe and SYBR Green real-time PCR assays
Authors: Huang Danqiong , Yan Guiping , Gudmestad Neil , Skantar Andrea
Published: September 2017

The ectoparasitic stubby root nematode,Paratrichodorus allius, transmits tobacco rattle virus, which causes corky ringspot disease resulting in significant economic losses in the potato industry. A diagnostic method for direct quantification ofP. alliusfrom soil DNA using TaqMan probe and SYBR Green real-time PCR assays was developed to assist the potato industry in management of this important vector. Specificity of primers/probe designed from the internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal DNA ofP. alliuswas demonstrated byin silicoanalysis and experimental PCR tests with no cross reactions using non-target nematode species and nematode communities. The SYBR Green method was more sensitive than the TaqMan probe method during detection using serial diluted DNA templates. Standard curves were generated from serial dilutions of DNA extracted from autoclaved soil with artificially inoculatedP. alliusindividuals and were validated by high correlations between the numbers of target nematodes quantified by the assays and added to the soil. Moreover, the numbers ofP. alliusdetermined by the real-time PCR assays and estimated by the microscopic method in 17 field soil samples presented positive correlation relationships (). Although the quantification using TaqMan probe overestimated the target nematodes compared to using SYBR Green in eight out of ten field soil samples, results of the two methods correlated well (). This is the first report ofP. alliusquantification from soil DNA extracts using real-time PCR, providing a rapid and sensitive diagnostic method obviating time-consuming manual nematode extraction from soil and microscopic identification and quantification.
On the identity of Chiloplacus magnus Rashid & Heyns, 1990 and C. insularis Orselli & Vinciguerra, 2002 (Rhabditida: Cephalobidae), two confusable species
Authors: Abolafia Joaquín , Peña-Santiago Reyes
Published: September 2017

Two very similar species of the genus Chiloplacus, namely C. magnus and C. insularis, are re-described and compared based on type material as well as Iberian specimens. Relevant new information is obtained for their characterisation and for elucidating their identity with more accuracy. Special mention is deserved by the findings regarding: i) the morphology of the lateral field at vulval level; and ii) the location of the vulva, which is either midventral or subventral, two remarkable traits that were originally overlooked. Chiloplacus magnus is distinguished by having the left lateral field expanded at vulval level and the vulva displaced to a subventral position, whereas C. insularis displays the usual pattern of the genus. The evolutionary relationships of the Iberian C. magnus are explored by means of D2-D3 sequence analysis. Chiloplacus similis is regarded as identical to C. magnus and is proposed as a new junior synonym of the latter.
Relationship between pine wilt-tolerance rankings of Pinus thunbergii trees and the number of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus passing through branch sections
Authors: Menéndez-Gutiérrez María , Matsunaga Koji , Togashi Katsumi
Published: September 2017

To establish a simple, time-saving method for selecting Pinus tree candidates tolerant to the infection of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the causative agent of pine wilt disease, three experiments were conducted. When two virulent isolates Sc-9 and T-4 were inoculated on cut ends of branch sections, more nematodes were inhibited from passing through P. taeda branch sections than P. thunbergii sections. Sc-9 tended to pass through P. thunbergii sections more easily than T-4. The probability of nematodes passing through 5-cm-long P. thunbergii branch sections was greater when 200 nematodes were inoculated. When 200 Sc-9 nematodes were inoculated on 5-, 10- or 15-cm-long branch sections of P. taeda trees and P. thunbergii clones of different tolerance classes in late August, an insignificant correlation was found between the tolerance class of P. thunbergii clones and the number of nematodes passing through 5-cm-long branch sections, although nematode dispersal ability could distinguish between tolerant and susceptible pine clones in mid-August, suggesting it was a helpful method for selecting tolerant tree candidates. Abrupt seasonal increases in tolerance level suggested that weather conditions, such as hot temperatures and drought, may have disrupted the tolerance mechanism of resistant species of P. taeda.