bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Fear Factor(y)”: Academia. Subtle Mechanisms of Symbolic Domination in the Academic Field1,2
Authors: Beyer Stephanie , Schmitz Andreas
Published: February 2023

The structure of and recent transformations in science affect the structure of the academic field, and ultimately the actors themselves: Today, academics often experience pressure, stress, and emotional discomfort. In this contribution, we show how emotions such as fear and concern may arise in reaction to the contemporary conditions of academic life, and how these emotions can operate as elements of the hierarchies between human actors (scientists) and institutional actors (universities). Using qualitative interview data with scholars from the United States, we illustrate how fear structures the actors' social practices—and how fear is thereby translated into the positional structure of the academic field. We discuss two sets of relations—intra‐ and inter‐institutional—that entail structuring mechanisms. We thus attest how fear as an individual trait and social characteristic becomes part of the (re‐)production of the fields' hierarchy.
Metodología de análisis de la orientación estratégica para organizaciones de patrimonio cultural
Authors: Cabrera Martínez Alejandra María
Published: February 2023

Introducción: Este documento presenta una herramienta de gerencia dirigida a los gestores de organizaciones de patrimonio cultural, basada en la perspectiva de la complejidad de Axelrod y Cohen (2008). Propósito: Se busca estructurar los discursos, diagnosticar su desempeño organizacional y establecer estrategias de gerencia efectivas para cada organización mediante el uso de tres indicadores generales: estrategia, adaptación y redes. La herramienta se aplicó a tres casos de estudio de organizaciones muy reconocidas en el Caribe colombiano. Resultados: La herramienta les permitió revisar su estadio de desarrollo, gestión de recursos y crecimiento de apoyos y colaboración colectivos. Como se podrá comprobar, a diferencia de otras metodologías ya estandarizadas, esta tiene unos requerimientos sencillos, pero no por ello reduccionistas o limitantes. Conclusiones: En los tres casos estudiados la metodología evidenció fortalezas, como en el modelo Muzac, que como estrategia no tiene costos fijos, lo que le permite ganar adaptabilidad, o en el Museo del Caribe, el cual lleva varios años sorteando una crisis económica que se espera superar pronto. Creemos que esta metodología será de utilidad para otras organizaciones.
Effects of Rough Boundaries on Rayleigh–Bénard Convection in Nanofluids
Authors: Firdose Heena , Siddheshwar P. G. , Idris Ruwaidiah
Published: February 2023

A linear stability analysis of Rayleigh–Bénard convection in a Newtonian nanofluid is carried out using most general boundary conditions. A single-phase description of nanofluids is adopted in the study. The nanofluids used for the study are water–alumina and water–copper nanofluids in order to analyze how a choice between them can be made. The values of thermophysical quantities of nanofluids are calculated using the mixture theory and phenomenological-laws. The paper applies the Maclaurin series in solving the boundary-eigenvalue-problem through a simple and innovative approach. A single-term Galerkin technique is adopted to obtain the guess value of the critical Rayleigh number and the wave number. Further, improved values of the Rayleigh number and the wave number are obtained using the solution of a system of three linear-algebraic equations. A detailed discussion is made on the effect of rough-boundaries and Robin-boundary conditions for temperature on the onset of convection. A comparative study between the results of two nanofluids is made and the destabilizing effect of nanoparticles in the Newtonian carrier-fluid on the onset of convection is studied.
Thermal Instability in Nanoliquid Under Four Types of Magnetic-Field Modulation Within Hele-Shaw Cell
Authors: Rai S. N. , Bhadauria B. S. , Kumar Anish , Singh B. K.
Published: February 2023

The influence of trigonometric cosine, square, sawtooth, and triangular wave types of magnetic-field modulation in nanoliquid within Hele-Shaw cell is studied in this paper utilizing linear/nonlinear explorations. The solvability condition to the third-order solution of the referred model equation has been imposed to get the cubic Ginzburg–Landau equation (GBL-equation) which is utilized to measure the rate of heat (or mass) transfer. In the sequel, the influence of the nondimensional parameters is discussed graphically in detail. It is demonstrated that Prandtl number (Pr)/magnetic Prandtl number (Prm)/Lewis-number (Le)/redefined diffusivity-ratio (NA)/concentration Rayleigh-number (RS1) and magnitude of the magnetic-modulation (δ) destabilize the system, that is, the heat/mass transfer increases. On the other hand, nanoliquid magnetic-number (Q), Hele–Shaw number (Hs), and modulating-frequency (ω) stabilize the system. The outcomes demonstrate that the magnetic-field modulation can be imposed significantly to increase or decrease the heat/mass transfer.
Parallel Alternating Direction Primal-Dual (PADPD) Algorithm for Multi-Block Centralized Optimization
Authors: Shaho Alaviani Seyyed , Kelkar Atul G.
Published: February 2023

In this article, a centralized two-block separable convex optimization with equality constraint and its extension to multi-block optimization are considered. The first fully parallel primal-dual discrete-time algorithm called Parallel Alternating Direction Primal-Dual (PADPD) is proposed. In the algorithm, the primal variables are updated in an alternating fashion like Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM). The algorithm can handle non-smoothness of objective functions with strong convergence. Unlike existing discrete-time algorithms such as Method of Multipliers (MM), ADMM, Parallel ADMM, Bi-Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (Bi-ADMM), and Primal-Dual Fixed Point (PDFP) algorithms, all primal and dual variables in the proposed algorithm are updated independently. Therefore, the time complexity of the algorithm can be significantly reduced. It is shown that the rate of convergence of the algorithm for quadratic or linear cost functions is exponential or linear under suitable assumptions. The algorithm can be directly extended to any finite multi-block optimization without further assumptions while preserving its convergence. PADPD algorithm not only can compute more iterations (since it is fully parallel) for the same time-step but it is also possible that PADPD algorithm can have a faster convergence rate than that of ADMM. Finally, two numerical examples are provided in order to show advantage of PADPD algorithm.
Feeling Vital by Watching Sport: The Roles of Team Identification and Stadium Attendance in Enhancing Subjective Vitality
Authors: Yoshida Masayuki , Sato Mikihiro , Doyle Jason
Published: February 2023

Subjective vitality is an important, yet understudied, indicator of eudaimonic well-being. People experience subjective vitality when they engage in need-satisfying activities. We investigate two sport consumption activities (stadium attendance and sport television viewing), team identification, and subjective vitality to understand how sport consumption mediates the impact of team identification on subjective vitality. Throughout a season, data were collected from local residents (n = 618) living within the franchise area of a Japanese professional baseball team. Structural equation modeling and bootstrapping mediation analysis showed that team identification exerted both a direct and an indirect effect via attendance frequency on subjective vitality. The proposed model and the findings offer new theoretical insights into the roles of subjective vitality, team identification, and stadium attendance in spectator sport. Consequently, sport teams can leverage these insights to intensify consumer experiences when people attend games, positively contributing to their well-being.
Optimizing Moxifloxacin Dose in MDR-TB Participants with or without Efavirenz Coadministration Using Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling
Authors: Chirehwa M. T. , Resendiz-Galvan J. E. , Court R. , De Kock M. , Wiesner L. , de Vries N. , Harding J. , Gumbo T. , Warren R. , Maartens G. , Denti P. , McIlleron H.
Published: February 2023

Moxifloxacin is included in some treatment regimens for drug-sensitive tuberculosis (TB) and multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB). Aiming to optimize dosing, we described moxifloxacin pharmacokinetic and MIC distribution in participants with MDR-TB.
Yersinia pestis Δ
ail
Mutants Are Not Susceptible to Human Complement Bactericidal Activity in the Flea
Authors: Kolodziejek Anna M. , Bearden Scott W. , Maes Sarah , Montenieri John M. , Gage Kenneth L. , Hovde Carolyn J. , Minnich Scott A.
Published: February 2023

This work contributes to our understanding of how highly virulent
Y. pestis
evolved from its innocuous enteric predecessor. Among identified virulence factors is the attachment invasion locus protein, Ail, that is required to protect
Y. pestis
from serum complement in all mammals tested except mice.
Role of the Hypothetical Protein BB0563 during Borrelia burgdorferi Infection in Animals
Authors: Thompson Christina , Waldron Connor , George Sierra , Ouyang Zhiming
Published: February 2023

The alternative sigma factor RpoS in
Borrelia burgdorferi
, the etiological agent of Lyme disease, has long been postulated to regulate virulence-associated genes other than
ospC
and
dbpA
. Here, we demonstrate that
bb0563
, a gene encoding a hypothetical protein, is regulated by RpoS and contributes to the optimal infectivity of
B. burgdorferi
.
DDX3X Is Hijacked by Snakehead Vesiculovirus Phosphoprotein To Facilitate Virus Replication via Stabilization of the Phosphoprotein
Authors: Bei Congran , Zhang Chu , Wu Hui , Feng Hao , Zhang Yong-An , Tu Jiagang
Published: February 2023

Growing evidence has suggested that DDX3X plays important roles in virus replication. In one respect, DDX3X inhibits the replication of viruses, including hepatitis B virus, influenza A virus, Newcastle disease virus, duck Tembusu virus, and red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus.
Zebrafish
maoc1
Attenuates Spring Viremia of Carp Virus Propagation by Promoting Autophagy-Lysosome-Dependent Degradation of Viral Phosphoprotein
Authors: Song Yanan , Fan Sijia , Zhang Dawei , Li Jun , Li Zhi , Li Ziyi , Xiao Wuhan , Wang Jing
Published: February 2023

SVCV P protein plays an essential role in the virus replication and viral immune evasion process. Here, we identify
maoc1
as a novel SVCV-inducible gene and demonstrate its antiviral capacity through attenuating SVCV replication, by directly binding to P protein and mediating its degradation via the autophagy-lysosomal pathway.
Distinct Energy-Coupling Factor Transporter Subunits Enable Flavin Acquisition and Extracytosolic Trafficking for Extracellular Electron Transfer in Listeria monocytogenes
Authors: Rivera-Lugo Rafael , Huang Shuo , Lee Frank , Méheust Raphaël , Iavarone Anthony T. , Sidebottom Ashley M. , Oldfield Eric , Portnoy Daniel A. , Light Samuel H.
Published: February 2023

Bacteria import vitamins and other essential compounds from their surroundings but also traffic related compounds from the cytosol to the cell envelope where they serve various functions. Studying the foodborne pathogen
Listeria monocytogenes
, we find that the modular use of subunits from a prominent class of bacterial transporters enables the import of environmental vitamin B
2
cofactors and the extracytosolic trafficking of a vitamin B
2
-derived cofactor that facilitates redox reactions in the cell envelope.
The Drug-Induced Interface That Drives HIV-1 Integrase Hypermultimerization and Loss of Function
Authors: Singer Matthew R. , Dinh Tung , Levintov Lev , Annamalai Arun S. , Rey Juan S. , Briganti Lorenzo , Cook Nicola J. , Pye Valerie E. , Taylor Ian A. , Kim Kyungjin , Engelman Alan N. , Kim Baek , Perilla Juan R. , Kvaratskhelia Mamuka , Cherepanov Peter
Published: February 2023

Despite the remarkable success of combination antiretroviral therapy, HIV-1 remains among the major causes of human suffering and loss of life in poor and developing nations. To prevail in this drawn-out battle with the pandemic, it is essential to continue developing advanced antiviral agents to fight drug resistant HIV-1 variants.
The Fashion Industry Needs Microbiology: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Pedroso-Roussado Cristiano
Published: February 2023

The fashion industry is the second most polluting industry in the world, representing a 2 trillion dollars and growing valuation. Fashion design practices have been perpetuating an industrial-focused approach, which relies mostly in the economic improvement through fast cycles of product development.
Assembly and Network Stability of Planktonic Microorganisms under the Influence of Salinity Gradient: an Arctic Case Study from the Lena River Estuary to the Laptev Sea
Authors: Liu Qian , Li Yan , Wang Hualong , Yang Guipeng , Kan Jinjun , Yang Mengyao , Yu Xiaowen , Guo Cui , Wang Min , Wang Wei , Zhang Qingli , Zhu Jiancheng , Zhao Xianyong , Jiang Yong
Published: February 2023

The regime of the Laptev Sea depends closely on the runoff of the Lena River. Microorganisms are essential components of aquatic food webs and play a significant role in polar ecosystems.
Supplemental Material: Estimating paleotidal constituents from Pliocene “tidal gauges”—an example from the paleo-Orinoco Delta, Trinidad
Authors: Chen Si , et al.
Published: February 2023

Supplemental Text: Supplemental Material Captions. Table S1: List of the most common tidal constituents, with period and rotational speed in solar hours. Figure S1: Daily tidal heights and summary of the tidal constituents most responsible for those tides from two tidal reference stations. Figure S2: Listing of tidal gauge stations and tidal statistics from the Gulf of Carpentaria in Australia. Figure S3: Amplitude ratio (F) equation and tide types.
Supplemental Material: The role of uranyl complex decomposition and redox conditions in the precipitation of hydrothermal uranium deposits: Insights from chlorite mineralogy and geochemistry in the Shazhou uranium deposit, Xiangshan, SE China
Authors: Cui Ji-Qiang , Yang Shui-Yuan , et al.
Published: February 2023

Table S1: Major element contents (wt%) in chlorite from the Shazhou uranium deposit. Table S2: Trace element contents (ppm) in the chlorite from the Shazhou uranium deposit.
Post-auricular teratoma in an HIV-exposed newborn
Authors: Mpayo Lucy Lawrence , Nkya Aslam , Mawalla Shabani , Manji Karim Premji
Published: February 2023

Teratomas in the neonatal age group are mostly benign at first, and the common site is the sacrococcygeal region. They are rarely associated with HIV infection. We report a case of an HIV-exposed newborn with a congenital teratoma at the post-auricular site who developed an infection. Early intervention by total surgical resection will prevent complications such as infections and malignant transformation. A term baby was delivered spontaneously by an HIV-positive mother who was on her regular medications. Prenatal ultrasound carried out in the third trimester showed a cyst swelling on the right post-auricular region. Radiological imaging and the histopathological result revealed a congenital teratoma. A wide major excision with preservation of the facial nerve was performed at the age of 8 weeks. Post-auricular teratomas are the rarest anatomical location and the prevalence of malignant transformation from benign is very low. If left untreated, this tumour is associated with high mortality and malignant transformation rates. An early complete surgical excision allows a good result with a low risk of complications and recurrence.
Pollination systems and nectar rewards in four Andean species of Salvia (Lamiaceae)
Authors: Saravia-Nava Alexandria , Benitez-Vieyra Santiago , Urquizo Omar N. , Niemeyer Hermann M. , Pinto Carlos F.
Published: February 2023

Adaptation to the most effective pollinator is often conceived as the primary explanation of widespread convergence in flower phenotypes. However, specialization does not exclude the presence of other floral visitors, which may contribute to plant reproduction. Here we combined observations about pollinators’ visitation rates and effectiveness with nectar secretion dynamics and sugar composition in four Andean Salvia species from Bolivia. The study revealed a wider diversity than expected both in pollination systems and in nectar strategies. While Salvia haenkei Benth. and Salvia stachydifolia Benth. were almost exclusively pollinated by either hummingbirds or bees, respectively, mixed pollination was found in Salvia orbignaei Benth., a species previously described as hummingbird-pollinated. Salvia personata Epling. was exclusively pollinated by syrphid flies. Differences in nectar volume and sugar concentration were found between insect-pollinated species and mixed- or hummingbird-pollinated species. However, the four Salvia species displayed different strategies regarding nectar sugar composition, with sucrose-rich nectar in Salvia orbignaei, glucose-rich nectar in Salvia haenkei and Salvia stachydifolia, and glucose-rich nectar lacking fructose in Salvia personata, suggesting an adaptation to syrphid fly pollination. Our results provide a clearer picture of floral trait evolution in Salvia and highlight the contribution of some pollinators different from those expected according to the floral syndromes.
The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of caffeine effectively attenuate nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and thioacetamide-induced hepatic injury in male rats
Authors: Vargas-Pozada Eduardo E. , Ramos-Tovar Erika , Acero-Hernández Consuelo , Cardoso-Lezama Irina , Galindo-Gómez Silvia , Tsutsumi Víctor , Muriel Pablo
Published: February 2023

The antioxidant effect of caffeine, associated with its ability to upregulate the nuclear factor-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2)-signaling pathway, was explored as a possible mechanism for the attenuation of liver damage. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) was induced in rats by the administration of a high-fat, high-sucrose, high-cholesterol diet (HFSCD) for 15 weeks. Liver damage was induced in rats by intraperitoneal administration of thioacetamide (TAA) for six weeks. Caffeine was administered orally at a daily dose of 50 mg/kg body weight during the period of NASH induction to evaluate its ability to prevent disease development. Meanwhile, rats received TAA for three weeks, after which 50 mg/kg caffeine was administered daily for three weeks with TAA to evaluate its capacity to interfere with the progression of hepatic injury. HFSCD administration induced hepatic steatosis, decreased Nrf2 levels, increased oxidative stress, induced the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and elevated proinflammatory cytokine levels, leading to hepatic damage. TAA administration produced similar effects, excluding steatosis. Caffeine increased Nrf2 levels; attenuated oxidative stress markers, including malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal; restored normal, reduced glutathione levels; and reduced NF-κB activation, inflammatory cytokine levels, and damage. Our findings suggest that caffeine may be useful in the treatment of human liver diseases.
Dynamics of test particles around charged black holes in Einstein-Æther gravity
Authors: Rayimbaev Javlon , Abdujabbarov Ahmadjon , Jamil Mubasher , Han Wen-Biao , Khudoyberdieva Malika
Published: February 2023

This paper focuses on the issues of motion of various kinds of charged, magnetized, and neutral test particles in the vicinity of static and spherically symmetric electrically charged black holes in the Einstein-Æther gravitational theory. Our purpose here is to analyze the effects of the free parameters occurring in the Einstein-Æther theory for particle motion in curved spacetime. Specifically, we have studied the stability of circular and radially varying orbits of different kinds of particles by varying the free parameters [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], and also varying the particle’s specific energy, specific angular momentum, and electric charge of the black hole. As a special case, we investigate the charged particle motion around the black holes with a uniform magnetic field by checking the characteristics of the particle’s innermost stable circular orbit. Finally, we propose few values of the parameters [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] which mimic the behavior of spin of a Kerr black hole to model an astrophysical black hole.
Numerical study of the Poynting vector effect on periodically forced neutrally buoyant spherical particles at low Reynolds numbers — dynamics and rheology
Authors: Madhukar K. , Gangadhara Reddy R. , M. Ameen Hawzhen Fateh , Prasad G. S. , Prasannakumara B. C.
Published: February 2023

In this paper, the effect of the Poynting vector force field on periodically forced neutrally buoyant spherical particles at low Reynolds numbers is studied numerically. The mathematical formulation of six nonlinear coupled integro–differential equations was obtained by modifying the Lovalenti and Brady formalism for the hydrodynamic force acting on a spherical particle. The governing equations were solved using an adaptive step size Runge–Kutta method by integrating the integral using the trapezoidal rule. The forces acting on the particle-provided phase space trajectories are similar to Jeffery’s orbits. The paper also discusses the possible outcomes of the rheology due to the Poynting vector on the periodically forced neutrally buoyant sparsely spaced non-interacting spherical particles in a fluid at low Reynolds numbers. The computed rheological parameters in this study are first normal stress difference, second normal stress difference, intrinsic pressure and relative viscosity. The study shows that the first normal stress difference is nearly zero and the second normal stress difference is nonzero indicating the dominance of the Poynting vector field over the magnetic field on the bulk stress of the fluid. The intrinsic pressure and the relative viscosity changed due to the stress caused by the electromagnetic force and periodic force on the spherical particles.
SINGLE-VALUED NEUTROSOPHIC SET WITH QUATERNION INFORMATION: A PROMISING APPROACH TO ASSESS IMAGE QUALITY
Authors: LIU JIA-BAO , SALAMAT NADEEM , KAMRAN MUHAMMAD , ASHRAF SHAHZAIB , KHAN RIAZ HUSSAIN
Published: February 2023

Diminished estimate techniques for image quality assessment examine the overall quality using only partially retrieved features from the reference image. The main goal of these methods is to make objective evaluation flexible enough to accommodate the influence of any new visual distortion. The research provides a rapid approach for quality assessment of color photographs based on this concept by altering the structural similarity index measure (SSIM) index in a neutrosophic environment. The SSIM family is a set of parameters that have demonstrated a promising approach in the analysis of reference picture tasks. The current study deals with the exploitation of the concept to use Single-Valued Neutrosophic Sets (SVNSs) for evaluating image quality. Neutrosophic divergence was being constructed for an image and its comparison with other SSIM is presented. Resultantly, a correlation was observed between the proposed divergence and SSIM, which gave accurate informatics. Additionally, the results were presented on a real line which reflects clear information on image convergence and divergence. The uncertainty in the allocation of membership is called the hesitation degree, fuzzy sets have gained a lot of traction in numerous domains of signal and image processing. Based on generalized exponential fuzzy entropy, a trustworthy Image Quality Assessment is proposed.
A Deep Sparse Representation with Random Dictionary for Hyperspectral Image Classification
Authors: Xia Tian , Cheng Chunbo , Cui Wenjing
Published: February 2023

Hyperspectral image (HSI) classification methods based on deep learning have demonstrated excellent performance, while these deep learning methods take a lot of time to train the parameters. In this paper, we propose a deep sparse representation (SR) network (DSRNet) without spending a lot of time training network parameters in the feature extraction stage. The contributions of this paper are three-fold. First, we introduce random dictionary into HSI classification, and solve sparse representation model under this dictionary. Second, we extend the shallow sparse representation model to the deep sparse representation model, where the SR model needs to be solved for each layer and used to extract the deep features of HSI. Finally, we investigate the classification performance of different classifiers on the deep features extracted by using DSRNet. Experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve better classification results compared with some closely related HSI classification methods and the other state-of-the-art deep learning methods.
Porphyrin metalla-assemblies coupled to cellulose nanocrystals for PDT and imaging applications
Authors: Simões João C. S. , Wagnières Georges , Sarpaki Sophia , Sol Vincent , Therrien Bruno
Published: February 2023

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an interesting and promising approach to tackle a broad spectrum of cancer. With the combination of a photosensitizer, light and oxygen, PDT achieves a unique selectivity by the production of localized reactive oxygen species (ROS) inside cells, which leads to their destruction. In addition, the luminescence properties of photosensitizers can be exploited to develop imaging tools. Unfortunately, the cancer selectivity and homogeneity of most photosensitizers are frequently limiting the performances of PDT and cancer detection/characterization by luminescence imaging. Consequently, our study aims to use cellulose nanocrystals to transport and deliver radiolabeled photo-responsive metalla-assemblies to create a new generation of theranostic agents for PDT and imaging applications. The synthesis, structural characterization, cytotoxicity evaluation, and in vivo biodistribution imaging of the compounds are presented. The best candidates show excellent biological activity and selectivity towards ovarian carcinoma cell line (A2780), cisplatin-resistant ovarian carcinoma cell line (A2780cis) versus normal human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293T), as well as efficient imaging properties, suggesting a potential use as multimodal theranostic agents.
Low-symmetry azaanalogues of perhalogenated subphthalocyanine
Authors: Kovkova Ulyana P. , Skvortsov Ivan A. , Khodov Ilya A. , Efimov Sergey V. , Zhabanov Yuriy A. , Somov Nikolay V. , Liang Xu , Pakhomov Georgy L. , Stuzhin Pavel A.
Published: February 2023

Novel electron-deficient low-symmetry perhalogenated azaanalogues of subphthalocyanine, [Cl2F8N2subPc] and [Cl4F4N4subPc], were prepared by mixed co-cyclotrimerization of tetrafluorophthalonitrile and 5,6-dichloropyrazine-3,4-dicarbonitrile in p-xylene in the presence of BCl3. They were characterized by MALDI mass-spectrometry, UV-VIS, IR, [Formula: see text]C, and [Formula: see text]F NMR spectroscopy, and the molecular structure of [Cl2F8N2subPc] was established by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The spectral-luminescence and redox properties of [Cl2F8N2subPc] and [Cl4F4N4subPc] as well as peculiarities of their electronic structure are compared with the corresponding symmetrically substituted compounds - perfluorosubphthalocyanine, [F[Formula: see text]subPc], and hexachlorotripyrazinosubporphyrazine, [Cl6N6subPc]. Consecutive substitution of one and two tetrafluorobenzene fragments by dichloropyrazine units leads to stabilization of the frontier [Formula: see text]-molecular orbitals and widening of the HOMO–LUMO gap. As a result, electron-affinity of the macrocycle is increased and the first reduction potentials are increasingly shifted in the less negative region from -0.43 V for [F[Formula: see text]subPc] to -0.31 V for [Cl2F8N2subPc], -0.19 V for [Cl4F4N4subPc], and the maxima of the Q-band is shifted hypsochromically from 573 nm to 565 and 553 nm, respectively. Preliminary photoelectrical measurements indicate that novel compounds can be used as acceptor materials in non-fullerene photovoltaic cells.
Subsurface Stresses in Flat-Punch Contact Problems Including Friction
Authors: Juliá Javier M. , Rodríguez-Tembleque Luis
Published: February 2023

This work analyzes the influence of friction on the surface and subsurface contact stresses generated—in an elastic half-space—by a cylindrical flat-ended punch. For this purpose, the computational framework presented by [J. M. Juliá and L. Rodríguez-Tembleque, Subsurface stress evolution under orthotropic wear and frictional contact conditions, Int. J. Mech. Sci. 234 (2022) 107695] is extended to solve this problem. After the validation of this computational scheme, several numerical studies have allowed us to obtain the following conclusions. (i) The location of the maximum values of the subsurface Von Mises stresses in the [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] plane does not depend on the friction coefficient and is located at the contact zone limits — similarly to the normal pressure — (ii) However, the [Formula: see text]-location and the magnitude of the maximum value of the subsurface Von Mises stress is clearly affected by the values of the friction coefficient. (iii) The magnitude of the maximum value of the subsurface Von Mises stress increases and its location can be shifted from the subsurface region to the solid surface, when the friction coefficient increases its value.
The ichnology of shallow-marine and transitional environments
Authors: Cónsole-Gonella Carlos , de Valais Silvina , Díaz-Martínez Ignacio , Citton Paolo , Verde Mariano , McIlroy Duncan
Published: February 2023

The ichnology between marine and non-marine environments is a key field of work concerning the understanding of the variation of environmental parameters in inland-to-offshore transitional environments. In order to understand the geological and palaeobiological processes at these locations, this Special Publication attempts to discuss records in shallow-marine and transitional environments throughout the Phanerozoic, including topics such as ichnotaxonomy, ichnofacies analysis, ichnofabric analysis for records from both shallow-marine and transitional environments, and neoichnological aspects. The volume includes 14 papers in total: one focused on aspects of neoichnology in rock iguanas in coastal settings, nine concerning various shallow-marine palaeoenvironment topics and four addressing issues about dinosaur tracks in transitional environments.
Finding the Source in Networks: An Approach Based on Structural Entropy
Authors: Zhang Chong , Guo Qiang , Fu Luoyi , Ding Jiaxin , Cao Xinde , Long Fei , Wang Xinbing , Zhou Chenghu
Published: February 2023

The popularity of intelligent devices provides straightforward access to the Internet and online social networks. However, the quick and easy data updates from networks also benefit the risk spreading, such as rumor, malware, or computer viruses. To this end, this article studies the problem of source detection, which is to infer the source node out of an aftermath of a cascade, that is, the observed infected graph

G
N

of the network at some time. Prior arts have adopted various statistical quantities such as degree, distance, or infection size to reflect the structural centrality of the source. In this article, we propose a new metric that we call the infected tree entropy (ITE), to utilize richer underlying structural features for source detection. Our idea of ITE is inspired by the conception of structural entropy [
21
], which demonstrated that the minimization of average bits to encode the network structures with different partitions is the principle for detecting the natural or true structures in real-world networks. Accordingly, our proposed ITE based estimator for the source tries to minimize the coding of network partitions brought by the infected tree rooted at all the potential sources, thus minimizing the structural deviation between the cascades from the potential sources and the actual infection process included in

G
N

. On polynomially growing geometric trees, with increasing tree heterogeneity, the ITE estimator remarkably yields more reliable detection under only moderate infection sizes, and returns an asymptotically complete detection. In contrast, for regular expanding trees, we still observe guaranteed detection probability of ITE estimator even with an infinite infection size, thanks to the degree regularity property. We also algorithmically realize the ITE based detection that enjoys linear time complexity via a message-passing scheme, and further extend it to general graphs. Extensive experiments on synthetic and real datasets confirm the superiority of ITE to the baselines. For example, ITE returns an accuracy of 85%, ranking the source among the top 10%, far exceeding 55% of the classic algorithm on scale-free networks.
Katana
: Dual Slicing Based Context for Learning Bug Fixes
Authors: Sintaha Mifta , Nashid Noor , Mesbah Ali
Published: February 2023

Contextual information plays a vital role for software developers when understanding and fixing a bug. Consequently, deep learning based program repair techniques leverage context for bug fixes. However, existing techniques treat context in an arbitrary manner, by extracting code in close proximity of the buggy statement within the enclosing file, class, or method, without any analysis to find actual relations with the bug. To reduce noise, they use a predefined maximum limit on the number of tokens to be used as context. We present a program slicing based approach, in which instead of arbitrarily including code as context, we analyze statements that have a control or data dependency on the buggy statement. We propose a novel concept called
dual slicing
, which leverages the context of both buggy and fixed versions of the code to capture relevant repair ingredients. We present our technique and tool called
Katana
, the first to apply slicing-based context for a program repair task. The results show that
Katana
effectively preserves sufficient information for a model to choose contextual information while reducing noise. We compare against four recent state-of-the-art context-aware program repair techniques. Our results show that
Katana
fixes between 1.5 and 3.7 times more bugs than existing techniques.
Combining Sparse Approximate Factorizations with Mixed-precision Iterative Refinement
Authors: Amestoy Patrick , Buttari Alfredo , Higham Nicholas J. , L’Excellent Jean-Yves , Mary Theo , Vieublé Bastien
Published: February 2023

The standard LU factorization-based solution process for linear systems can be enhanced in speed or accuracy by employing mixed-precision iterative refinement. Most recent work has focused on dense systems. We investigate the potential of mixed-precision iterative refinement to enhance methods for sparse systems based on approximate sparse factorizations. In doing so, we first develop a new error analysis for LU- and GMRES-based iterative refinement under a general model of LU factorization that accounts for the approximation methods typically used by modern sparse solvers, such as low-rank approximations or relaxed pivoting strategies. We then provide a detailed performance analysis of both the execution time and memory consumption of different algorithms, based on a selected set of iterative refinement variants and approximate sparse factorizations. Our performance study uses the multifrontal solver MUMPS, which can exploit block low-rank factorization and static pivoting. We evaluate the performance of the algorithms on large, sparse problems coming from a variety of real-life and industrial applications showing that mixed-precision iterative refinement combined with approximate sparse factorization can lead to considerable reductions of both the time and memory consumption.
CFL/Dyck Reachability
Authors: Pavlogiannis Andreas
Published: February 2023

CFL/Dyck reachability is a simple graph-theoretic problem: given a CFL/Dyck language
L
over an alphabet Σ, a graph
G
= (
V
,
E
) of Σ-labeled edges, and two distinguished nodes
s
,
t
∈
V
, does there exist a path from
s
to
t
that spells out a word in
L
? This simple notion of language-based graph reachability serves as the algorithmic formulation of a large number of problems in diverse domains, such as graph databases and program static analysis. This paper takes an algorithmic perspective on CFL/Dyck reachability, and overviews several recent advances concerning the decidability and complexity of the problem and some its close variants, as realized in the areas of automata theory and program verification.
SIGLOG Monthly 230
Authors: Purser David
Published: February 2023

The ACM Special Interest Group on Logic (SIGLOG), the European Association for Theoretical Computer Science (EATCS), the European Association for Computer Science Logic (EACSL), and the Kurt Goedel Society (KGS) are pleased to announce that
Why do Fe–Al Alloys Show Good Passivation Behavior in Acids Compared to Elemental Al?
Authors: Bai Qingguo , Sieradzki Karl
Published: February 2023

We present some general concepts and pose questions connected to the difference between the ambient temperature passive film formed on elemental aluminum in acid vs that which forms on iron-aluminum alloys containing less than about 35–40 at% Al. Data is presented which demonstrates that the non-protective oxide that forms on aluminum is not related to impurity effects, either in the matrix or in grain boundaries.We argue that the ability of aluminum to form a protective passive film in a single-phase solid solution alloy is connected to atomic-scale size effects that vanish once the aluminum concentration increases to about 60 at%.
Distinct protein kinase C isoforms drive the cell cycle re-entry of two separate populations of neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes
Authors: Kebbe Mariana , Naud Patrice , Assous Ines , Gagnon Emmanuelle , McCall Anthony , Villeneuve Louis , Leblanc Charles Alexandre , Nguyen Quang Trinh , Calderone Angelino
Published: February 2023

The appearance of nestin(+)-neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes that re-entered the cell cycle following phorbol ester stimulation in the presence of p38α/β MAPK inhibitor SB203580 was associated with the inhibition of Runx1 and CDKN2a mRNA upregulation. PKC-α selectively induced the cell cycle re-entry of nestin(+)-neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes. Pharmacological inhibition of PKC-α with concomitant p38α/β MAPK suppression unmasked the cell cycle re-entry of a second population of neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes in the absence of nestin expression.
Degradation of Metal Ions with Electricity Generation by Using Fruit Waste as an Organic Substrate in the Microbial Fuel Cell
Authors: Aleid Ghada Mohamed , Alshammari Anoud Saud , Alomari Asma D. , Sa’ad Abdullahi Shehu , Mohammad Rania Edrees Adam , Abdulrahman Rokhsana Mohammed Ismail
Published: February 2023

A potential and developing green technology for producing renewable energy and treating wastewater is the microbial fuel cell (MFC). Despite several advancements, there are still several serious problems with this approach. In the present work, we addressed the problem of the organic substrate in MFC, which is necessary for the degradation of metal ions in conjunction with the production of energy. The utilization of fruit waste as a carbon source was strongly suggested in earlier research. Hence, the mango peel was used as a substrate in the current study. Within 25 days of operation, a 102-mV voltage was achieved in 13 days, while the degradation efficiency of Cr3+ was 69.21%, Co2+ was 72%, and Ni2+ was 70.11%. The procedure is carried out in the batch mode, and there is no continuous feeding of the organic substrate. In addition, a detailed explanation of the hypothesized mechanism for this investigation is provided, which focuses on the process of metal ion degradation. Lastly, future and concluding remarks are also enclosed.
Black Phosphorous and Cytop Nanofilm‐Based Long‐Range SPR Sensor with Enhanced Quality Factor
Authors: Karki Bhishma , Uniyal Arun , Srivastava Gaurav , Pal Amrindra
Published: February 2023

This numerical work proposes two novel designs of long‐range surface plasmon resonance sensors (LRSPR) using two different coupling prisms. The performance analysis of the proposed sensor has been investigated using the performance parameters like quality factor (Q), detection accuracy (DA), sensitivity (S), and full‐width half maximum (FWHM). The transfer matrix method (TMM) has been employed to compute reflectance. The role of the basic recognition element (BRE) has been played by the popular two‐dimensional (2D) material, black phosphorus (BP), due to its many optoelectrical features. The maximum obtained values for Q, DA, and S are 3333.25 (1/RIU), 250 (degree−1), and 13.33333 degree/RIU for 2S2G coupled sensor design and 3055.5 (1/RIU), 83.33 (degree−1), and 36.66667 degree/RIU for BK7 coupled sensor design. The operating wavelength of 633 nm, followed by the principle of attenuated total reflection (ATR), has been employed to carry out the theoretical investigation.
Physical Modelling of Rainfall-Induced Sandy and Clay-Like Slope Failures
Authors: Vivoda Prodan Martina , Peranić Josip , Pajalić Sara , Arbanas Željko
Published: February 2023

Small-scale slope modelling was performed to evaluate the failure process of a landslide triggered by artificial rainfall. The model platform 2.3 m long, 1.0 m wide, and 0.5 m deep was used to build small-scale slope models with the same geometric conditions but different soil types/materials, including sand and two sand-kaolin mixtures with the same slope angle. The hydraulic response of the slope models under simulated rainfall conditions was monitored using volumetric water content, pore water pressure, and matric suction sensors installed at different depths and along different profiles. Slope surface deformation and failure development was also monitored. This paper discusses the factors affecting landslide initiation and propagation, and their relationship to the slope material, infiltration process, and overall soil resistance in a slope related to soil strength, effective stress, and matric suction contribution in the unsaturated part of the slope. Rainfall infiltration caused increase of volumetric water content, dissipation of suction in initially partially saturated materials of the small-scale slope models, resulting in a decrease in effective stresses and shear strength, which in turn led to the occurrence of movements and initiation of slope failures. The main observations arising from the results of the conducted tests relate to initiation and development of the observed instabilities of sandy and clay-like slopes. The test results have shown that within the slopes built from clean sand failure occurs due to groundwater level rising at the slope foot and further retrogressive failure towards the top of the slope, while in the slopes built from sand-kaolin mixtures, instabilities occur in the form of cracks in unsaturated conditions and are the result of matric suction dissipation due to rainfall infiltration.
Uncrewed Aerial Systems in Water Resource Management and Monitoring: A Review of Sensors, Applications, Software, and Issues
Authors: Mishra Vishal , Avtar Ram , Prathiba A. P. , Mishra Prabuddh Kumar , Tiwari Anuj , Sharma Surendra Kumar , Singh Chandra Has , Chandra Yadav Bankim , Jain Kamal
Published: February 2023

Uncrewed aerial systems (UASs) are becoming very popular in the domain of water resource mapping and management (WRMM). Being a cheaper and quicker option capable of providing high temporal and spatial resolution data, UAS has become a much sought-after platform for remote sensing. Still, their application in the field is in its early stage. This paper encompasses basic concepts of UAS, different payloads and sensor technologies available, various methodologies for its application in WRMM, different software available, and challenges associated with them, thus presenting a comprehensive review of multiple applications of UAS in different sub-domains of water resources. From cryosphere, rivers and lakes, and coastal areas to sub-surface water, as well as from water quality to wastewater management, the authors have discussed various applications of uncrewed aerial vehicles. At the end of the paper, the authors have identified the issues posing problems in the wider implementation of UAS in WRMM. Also, the future scope of the UAS in WRMM has been discussed.
[Retracted] Fast Recognition Method for Multiple Apple Targets in Complex Occlusion Environment Based on Improved YOLOv5
Authors: Hao Qian , Guo Xin , Yang Feng
Published: February 2023

The mechanization and intelligentization of the production process are the main trends in research and development of agricultural products. The realization of an unmanned and automated picking process is also one of the main research hotspots in China’s agricultural product engineering technology field in recent years. The development of automated apple‐picking robot is directly related to imaging research, and its key technology is to use algorithms to realize apple identification and positioning. Aiming at the problem of false detection and missed detection of densely occluded targets and small targets by apple picking robots under different lighting conditions, two different apple recognition algorithms are selected based on the apple shape features to study the traditional machine learning algorithm: histogram of oriented gradients + support vector machine (HOG + SVM) and a fast recognition method for multiple apple targets in a complex occlusion environment based on improved You‐Only‐Look‐Once‐v5 (YOLOv5). The first is the improvement of the CSP structure in the network. Using parameter reconstruction, the convolutional layer (Conv) and the batch normalization (BN) layer in the CBL (Conv + BN + Leaky_relu activation function) module are fused into a batch‐normalized convolutional layer Conv_B. Subsequently, the CA (coordinate attention) mechanism module is embedded into different network layers in the improved designed backbone network to enhance the expressive ability of the features in the backbone network to better extract the features of different apple targets. Finally, for some targets with overlapping occlusions, the loss function is fine‐tuned to improve the model’s ability to recognize occluded targets. By comparing the recognition effects of HOG + SVM, Faster RCNN, YOLOv6, and baseline YOLOv5 on the test set under complex occlusion scenarios, the F1 value of this method was increased by 13.47%, 6.01%, 1.26%, and 3.63%, respectively, and the F1 value of this method was increased by 19.36%, 13.07%, 1.61%, and 4.27%, respectively, under different illumination angles. The average image recognition time was 0.27 s faster than that of HOG + SVM, 0.229 s faster than that of Faster RCNN, and 0.006 s faster than that of YOLOv6. The method is expected to provide a theoretical basis for apple‐picking robots to choose a pertinent image recognition algorithm during operation.