bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multisite external validation of a risk prediction model for the diagnosis of blood stream infections in febrile pediatric oncology patients without severe neutropenia
Authors: Esbenshade Adam J. , Zhao Zhiguo , Aftandilian Catherine , Saab Raya , Wattier Rachel L. , Beauchemin Melissa , Miller Tamara P. , Wilkes Jennifer J. , Kelly Michael J. , Fernbach Alison , Jeng Michael , Schwartz Cindy L. , Dvorak Christopher C. , Shyr Yu , Moons Karl G.M. , Sulis Maria‐Luisa , Friedman Debra L.
Published: May 2017

BACKGROUND

Pediatric oncology patients are at an increased risk of invasive bacterial infection due to immunosuppression. The risk of such infection in the absence of severe neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count ≥ 500/μL) is not well established and a validated prediction model for blood stream infection (BSI) risk offers clinical usefulness.

METHODS

A 6‐site retrospective external validation was conducted using a previously published risk prediction model for BSI in febrile pediatric oncology patients without severe neutropenia: the Esbenshade/Vanderbilt (EsVan) model. A reduced model (EsVan2) excluding 2 less clinically reliable variables also was created using the initial EsVan model derivative cohort, and was validated using all 5 external validation cohorts. One data set was used only in sensitivity analyses due to missing some variables.

RESULTS

From the 5 primary data sets, there were a total of 1197 febrile episodes and 76 episodes of bacteremia. The overall C statistic for predicting bacteremia was 0.695, with a calibration slope of 0.50 for the original model and a calibration slope of 1.0 when recalibration was applied to the model. The model performed better in predicting high‐risk bacteremia (gram‐negative or Staphylococcus aureus infection) versus BSI alone, with a C statistic of 0.801 and a calibration slope of 0.65. The EsVan2 model outperformed the EsVan model across data sets with a C statistic of 0.733 for predicting BSI and a C statistic of 0.841 for high‐risk BSI.

CONCLUSIONS

The results of this external validation demonstrated that the EsVan and EsVan2 models are able to predict BSI across multiple performance sites and, once validated and implemented prospectively, could assist in decision making in clinical practice. Cancer 2017;123:3781–3790. © 2017 American Cancer Society
The ascending projections of the nuclei of the descending trigeminal tract (nTTD) in the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata)
Authors: Faunes Macarena , Wild J. Martin
Published: May 2017

In our traditional view of the avian somatosensory system, input from the beak and head reaches the telencephalon via a disynaptic pathway, involving projections from the principal sensory nucleus (PrV) directly to nucleus basorostralis (previously called nucleus basalis), whereas input from the rest of the body follows a trisynatic pathway similar to that in mammals, involving projections from the dorsal column nuclei to the thalamus, and thence to somatosensory wulst. However, the role of the nuclei of the descending trigeminal tract (nTTD) in this scenario is unclear, partly because their ascending projections have been examined in only one species, the mallard duck. Here we examine the ascending projections of the nTTD in the zebra finch, using in vivo injections of biotinylated dextran amine and verification of projections by means of retrograde transport of the beta subunit of cholera toxin. The results show a high degree of interconnectivity within the nTTD, and that these nuclei project to PrV. We also find a projection from nTTD to the contralateral thalamic nucleus uvaeformis, a multi‐sensory nucleus connected to the song system. Furthermore, our finding of a projection from nTTD to the contralateral somatosensory thalamic nucleus dorsalis intermedius ventralis anterior (DIVA) is consistent with the well‐known projection in mammals from nTTD to the ventrobasal thalamus, suggesting that the ascending trigeminal pathways in birds and mammals are more similar than previously thought.
Personal autonomy in group‐based interventions
Authors: Koudenburg Namkje , Jetten Jolanda , Dingle Genevieve A.
Published: May 2017

Marginalized individuals are often caught in a vicious cycle of economic or health problems, a lack of social connection and disempowerment. The present research examines interventions that provide opportunities for social inclusion to break this cycle. Specifically, in two longitudinal field studies, we examined the effect of social inclusion on self‐efficacy and hope in two vulnerable groups, namely, 68 residents in a drug and alcohol rehabilitation centre (Study 1) and 48 marginalized adults taking part in activities organized by a community organization (Study 2). Although somewhat counterintuitive, we hypothesized that social inclusion would affect self‐efficacy by fostering feelings of personal autonomy. The hypothesis was supported by results from both studies revealing an indirect effect from social inclusion via personal autonomy on self‐efficacy and hope. The findings are discussed in relation to how group inclusion may stimulate the development of personal autonomy in disadvantaged adults, an important factor in their recovery and mental health.
Verbs as linguistic markers of agency: The social side of grammar
Authors: Formanowicz Magdalena , Roessel Janin , Suitner Caterina , Maass Anne
Published: May 2017

Basic grammatical categories may carry social meanings irrespective of their semantic content. In a set of four studies, we demonstrate that verbs—a basic linguistic category present and distinguishable in most languages—are related to the perception of agency, a fundamental dimension of social perception. In an archival analysis of actual language use in Polish and German, we found that targets stereotypically associated with high agency (men and young people) are presented in the immediate neighborhood of a verb more often than non‐agentic social targets (women and older people). Moreover, in three experiments using a pseudo‐word paradigm, verbs (but not adjectives and nouns) were consistently associated with agency (but not with communion). These results provide consistent evidence that verbs, as grammatical vehicles of action, are linguistic markers of agency. In demonstrating meta‐semantic effects of language, these studies corroborate the view of language as a social tool and an integral part of social perception.
Nostalgia in response to group‐based exclusion: The role of attachment‐related avoidance
Authors: Abakoumkin Georgios , Wildschut Tim , Sedikides Constantine , Bakarou Maria
Published: May 2017

We proposed that nostalgia, by virtue of its sociality, can be an indirect strategy to counteract relational deficiencies stemming from group‐based exclusion. We instructed Greek participants to recall an event in which they experienced exclusion on the basis of their nationality versus a control event. We anticipated that participants would react to group‐based exclusion with increased nostalgia. Specifically, because low attachment‐related avoidance facilitates proximity‐seeking in response to distress, we hypothesized that group‐based exclusion would increase nostalgia (a form of proximity‐seeking) more strongly when avoidance is low. Results supported this moderation hypothesis. In turn, increased nostalgia in response to group‐based exclusion predicted stronger ingroup identification. For low‐avoidants, then, group‐based exclusion fortified ingroup identification via increased nostalgia (moderated mediation).
Developing cognitions about race: White 5‐ to 10‐year‐olds' perceptions of hardship and pain
Authors: Dore Rebecca A. , Hoffman Kelly M. , Lillard Angeline S. , Trawalter Sophie
Published: May 2017

White American adults assume that Blacks feel less pain than do Whites, but only if they believe that Blacks have faced greater economic hardship than Whites. The current study investigates when in development children first recognize racial group differences in economic hardship and examines whether perceptions of hardship inform children's racial bias in pain perception. Five‐ to 10‐year‐olds (N = 178) guessed which of two items (low versus high value) belonged to a Black and a White child and rated the amount of pain a Black and a White child would feel in 10 painful situations. By age 5, White American children attributed lower‐value possessions to Blacks than Whites, indicating a recognition of racial group differences in economic hardship. The results also replicated the emergence of a racial bias in pain perception between 5 and 10. However, unlike adults', children's perceptions of hardship do not account for racial bias in pain perception.
Thiophene–Arylamine Hole‐Transporting Materials in Perovskite Solar Cells: Substitution Position Effect
Authors: Liu Xuepeng , Kong Fantai , Ghadari Rahim , Jin Shengli , Chen Wangchao , Yu Ting , Hayat Tasawar , Alsaedi Ahmed , Guo Fuling , Tan Zhan'ao , Chen Jian , Dai Songyuan
Published: May 2017

Two facile thiophene–arylamine hole‐transporting materials, obtained by varying the substitution position of arylamine moieties on the thiophene π linker, are reported. The substitution position effect of two hole‐transporting materials on the performance of perovskite solar cells is further investigated theoretically and experimentally. The compound in which arylamine moieties are located on the 2,5‐substitution position of thiophene shows better conjunction than that with the 3,4‐substituent. When used as hole‐transporting materials in CH3NH3PbI3‐based solar cells, the 2,5‐substituent exhibits a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.13 %, which is over 40 % higher than that of the 3,4‐substituent. Moreover, the PCE of 2,5‐substituent based device is comparable with that of 2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis(N,N‐di‐p‐methoxyphenylamine)‐9,9′‐spirobifluorene (spiro‐OMeTAD).
Experimental study of the burner for FAA fire test: NexGen burner
Authors: Kao Yi‐Huan , Tambe Samir B. , Ochs Robert , Summer Steve , Jeng San‐Mou
Published: May 2017

The NexGen (Sonic) burner is the new burner developed by the Federal Aviation Administration, FAA, to replace old oil burners used for the required fire certification tests on power plant‐related materials, as it provides the capability to control both air and fuel flow rates. During a fire test, the burner is supposed to simulate a certain fire condition, so the flame properties should be robust and repeatable. The NexGen burner can achieve this due to the precise fuel and air controls. However, the current calibration criterion (ISO2685:1998 and AC20‐135) may not be good enough to ensure consistent flame properties. In the presented work, the sensitivity of the burner performance to air and fuel flow rate, as measured by the temperature and heat flux for calibration purposes, was studied. Additionally, the influence of the turbulator and the thermocouple size used for flame calibration was also studied. The impact of varying fuel/air ratio and thermocouple sizes was studied by conducting fire tests on aluminum samples, to show the inadequacies in the current calibration standards.
Interlaboratory evaluation of methods to quantify skin sensitizing hydroperoxides potentially formed from linalool and limonene in perfumes
Authors: Natsch Andreas , Günthardt Barbara F. , Corbi Elise , Pérès Christophe , Düsterloh André , Leijs Hans , van Strien Michel , Nilsson Ulrika , Calandra Michael J. , Wang Ying
Published: May 2017

The fragrant terpenes limonene and linalool can form skin sensitizing hydroperoxides upon prolonged exposure to air. Recently, high frequencies of positive patch tests to oxidized linalool and limonene were reported from multiple dermatological centres. However, there is a lack of data indicating potential sources of consumer exposure to sensitizing doses of terpene hydroperoxides which explains this frequent contact allergy. Within the IDEA project (International Dialogue for the Evaluation of Allergens; http://ideaproject.info/), a taskforce was formed to drive analytical method development and evaluation. In an inter‐laboratory study in five laboratories, a method based on hydroperoxide reduction combined with GC–MS was tested for reproducibility. Blinded samples of commercial fine fragrances were spiked with four different hydroperoxides. In samples spiked with 100–200 μg/ml, an average recovery of 86–105% with a relative standard deviation between laboratories of 7.4–22% was found. In samples spiked with 20–50 μg/ml, the recovery was 85–91%. The reduction approach offers a transferable and reproducible method to indirectly detect low levels of hydroperoxides, at least in fine fragrances. Ideally, one would prefer to directly detect the parent hydroperoxide. Therefore the same samples were further tested with three LC‐based methods directly detecting the parent hydroperoxide. LC coupled to chemiluminescence, LC‐Q‐TOF‐MS or LC‐orbitrap‐MS were used. Results indicate that with specific gradients a separation of the four analytes and quantification in the fragrance matrix can be achieved. Results of this method evaluation study present a toolbox of methods to detect terpene hydroperoxides to further investigate consumer exposure.
Exploring the predictive power of interaction terms in a sophisticated risk equalization model using regression trees
Authors: van Veen S. H. C. M. , van Kleef R. C. , van de Ven W. P. M. M. , van Vliet R. C. J. A.
Published: May 2017

This study explores the predictive power of interaction terms between the risk adjusters in the Dutch risk equalization (RE) model of 2014. Due to the sophistication of this RE‐model and the complexity of the associations in the dataset (N = ~16.7 million), there are theoretically more than a million interaction terms. We used regression tree modelling, which has been applied rarely within the field of RE, to identify interaction terms that statistically significantly explain variation in observed expenses that is not already explained by the risk adjusters in this RE‐model. The interaction terms identified were used as additional risk adjusters in the RE‐model. We found evidence that interaction terms can improve the prediction of expenses overall and for specific groups in the population. However, the prediction of expenses for some other selective groups may deteriorate. Thus, interactions can reduce financial incentives for risk selection for some groups but may increase them for others. Furthermore, because regression trees are not robust, additional criteria are needed to decide which interaction terms should be used in practice. These criteria could be the right incentive structure for risk selection and efficiency or the opinion of medical experts.
Snow process monitoring in montane forests with time‐lapse photography
Authors: Dong Chunyu , Menzel Lucas
Published: May 2017

A camera network with hourly resolution was used to monitor the complex snow processes in montane forest environments. We developed a semi‐automatic procedure to interpret snow depths from the digital images, which exhibited high consistency with manual measurements and station‐based recordings. To extract snow interception dynamics, six binary classification methods were compared. The MaxEntropy classifier demonstrated better performance than the other methods under conditions of varying illumination and was therefore selected as the method used for quantifying snow in tree canopies. Snow accumulation and ablation on the ground, as well as snow loading and unloading in the forest canopies, were investigated using snow parameters derived from the time‐lapse photography monitoring. The influences of meteorologic conditions, forest cover, and elevation on the snow processes were also considered. Time‐lapse photography proved to be an effective and low‐cost approach for collecting useful information on snow processes and facilitating the set‐up of hydrological models.
How Farmers Deal with Water Scarcity in Community‐Managed Irrigation SYSTEMS: A Case Study in Northern Tunisia
Authors: Ferchichi Intissar , Marlet Serge , Zairi Abdelaziz
Published: May 2017

Operating irrigation systems when water supplies are insecure is a critical challenge for both farmers and managers. The aim of this paper is to analyse how farmers adapt to water scarcity and to investigate to what extent individual farmers' practices affected the management of a community‐managed irrigation system in an area with perennial citrus orchards in northern Tunisia. Results revealed a wide range of farmers' strategies and practices aimed at maximizing their access to surface water and groundwater according to their ability. But this resulted in increasing inequity, because the biggest farmers managed to access groundwater or practised drip irrigation, while the vulnerability of small farmers increased. In this context the introduction of drip irrigation has not led to water saving. These findings should encourage the adoption of fair collective rules that account for water scarcity and farmers' diversity. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
miR‐31 Regulates Spermatogonial Stem Cells Meiosis via Targeting Stra8
Authors: Wang Yingjie , Zuo Qisheng , Bi Yulin , Zhang Wenhui , Jin Jing , Zhang Liangliang , Zhang Ya‐ni , Li Bichun
Published: May 2017

Stra8 (stimulated by retinoic acid gene 8) is a specific gene that is expressed in mammalian germ cells during transition from mitosis to meiosis and plays a key role in the initiation of meiosis in mammals and birds. So, the evaluation of the Stra8 pathway in cSSCs may provide a deeper insight into mammalian spermatogenesis. miRNA was also an important regulating factor for meiosis of SSCs. However, there is currently no data indicating that miRNA regulate the meiosis of SSCs via Stra8. Here, we predicted the prospective miRNA targeting to Stra8 using the online Bioinformatics database‐Targetscan, and performed an analysis of the dual‐luciferase recombinant vector, pGL3‐CMV‐LUC‐MCS‐Stra8‐3′UTR. miR‐31 mimics (miR‐31m), miR‐31 inhibitors (miR‐31i), Control (NC, scrambled oligonucleotides transfection) were transfected into cSSCs; Stra8 and miRNA were analyzed by RT‐qPCR, immunofluorescence, and Western blot. The detection of haploid was conducted by flow cytometry. The results showed that miR‐31 regulates meiosis of cSSCs via targeting Stra8 in vitro and in vivo. Our study identifies a new regulatory pathway that miR‐31 targets Stra8 and inhibits spermatogenesis. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 4844–4853, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Conserved Role for VEGF Signaling in Specification of Homologous Mesenchymal Cell Types Positioned at Spatially Distinct Developmental Addresses in Early Development of Sea Urchins
Authors: Erkenbrack Eric M. , Petsios Elizabeth
Published: May 2017

Comparative studies of early development in echinoderms are revealing the tempo and mode of alterations to developmental gene regulatory networks and to the cell types they specify. In euechinoid sea urchins, skeletogenic mesenchyme (SM) ingresses prior to gastrulation at the vegetal pole and aligns into a ring‐like array with two bilateral pockets of cells, the sites where spiculogenesis will later occur. In cidaroid sea urchins, the anciently diverged sister clade to euechinoid sea urchins, a homologous SM cell type ingresses later in development, after gastrulation has commenced, and consequently at a distinct developmental address. Thus, a heterochronic shift of ingression of the SM cell type occurred in one of the echinoid lineages. In euechinoids, specification and migration of SM are facilitated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling. We describe spatiotemporal expression of vegf and vegfr and experimental manipulations targeting VEGF signaling in the cidaroid Eucidaris tribuloides. Spatially, vegf and vegfr mRNA localizes similarly as in euechinoids, suggesting conserved deployment in echinoids despite their spatially distinct development addresses of ingression. Inhibition of VEGF signaling in E. tribuloides suggests its role in SM specification is conserved in echinoids. Temporal discrepancies between the onset of vegf expression and SM ingression likely result in previous observations of SM “random wandering” behavior. Our results indicate that, although the SM cell type in echinoids ingresses into distinct developmental landscapes, it retains a signaling mechanism that restricts their spatial localization to a conserved developmental address where spiculogenesis later occurs.
Key diagnostic features of fever of unknown origin: Medical history and physical findings
Authors: Takeda Rinne , Mizooka Masafumi , Kobayashi Tomoki , Kishikawa Nobusuke , Yokobayashi Kenichi , Kanno Keishi , Tazuma Susumu
Published: May 2017

Background

Fever of unknown origin (FUO) has many possible causes, so detailed history taking and physical examination are required. We identified key diagnostic features of medical history and physical findings for an efficient diagnosis of FUO.

Methods

A total of 42 consecutive patients (mean age: 50.6±20.3 years) with classic FUO were retrospectively recruited from January 2010 to March 2012. Key diagnostic features were identified from among diagnostic criteria for underlying diseases, indicators for diagnostic tests, and more useful factors for differential diagnosis.

Results

The mean number of abnormal findings per patient was 5.8 from taking the history and 2.0 from performing physical examination. In addition, the mean number of key diagnostic features identified was 0.7 (14.0%) from history taking and 0.6 (35.0%) from physical examination. The most relevant key diagnostic feature was arthritis, followed by cervical lymphadenopathy, dyspnea (with hypoxia), and ocular symptoms.

Conclusion

The usefulness of certain features of medical history and physical findings for diagnosing FUO was determined. Focusing on arthritis, cervical lymphadenopathy, dyspnea with hypoxia, and ocular symptoms might improve diagnostic efficiency in patients with FUO.
The effect of EBV on WIF1, NLK, and APC gene methylation and expression in gastric carcinoma and nasopharyngeal cancer
Authors: Zhao Zhenzhen , Liu Wen , Liu Jincheng , Wang Jiayi , Luo Bing
Published: May 2017

Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) is an important DNA tumor virus that is associated with approximately 10% of gastric carcinomas and 99% of nasopharyngeal cancers (NPC). DNA methylation and microRNAs (miRNAs) are the most studied epigenetic mechanisms that can prompt disease susceptibility. This study aimed to detect the effect of EBV on Wnt inhibitory factor 1 (WIF1), Nemo‐like kinase (NLK), and adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene methylation, and expression in gastric carcinoma and NPC. The WIF1, NLK, and APC gene mRNA expression levels were measured by real‐time quantitative RT‐PCR in four EBV‐positive cell lines and four EBV‐negative cell lines. Bisulfite genomic sequencing or methylation‐specific PCR was used to detect the methylation status of the WIF1, NLK, and APC promoters. All cell lines were treated with 5‐azacytidine (5‐aza‐dC), miR‐BART19‐3p mimics or an inhibitor, and analyzed by flow cytometry and MTT cell proliferation assays. The WIF1, NLK, and APC promoters were hypermethylated in all eight cell lines. 5‐Aza‐dC displayed a growth inhibitory effect on cells . After transfection with miR‐BART19‐3p mimics, the expression of WIF1, and APC decreased, and the cellular proliferation rate increased. After transfection with the miR‐BART19‐3p inhibitor, the expression levels were higher, and the cell growth was inhibited. In the NPC and GC cell lines, the promoters of WIF1, NLK, and APC are highly methylated, and the expression of these three genes is regulated by miR‐BART19‐3p. The activity of the Wnt pathway in EBV‐associated tumors may be enhanced by miR‐BART19‐3p.
Understanding the relationship between push and pull motivational factors in cruise tourism: A canonical correlation analysis
Authors: Whyte Lincoln James
Published: May 2017

Motivation is one of the greatest drivers of human behavior, yet travel motivation in the context of cruise tourism remains an understudied topic. Although a limited number of cruise specific studies focus on push (travel motives) and pull (destination attributes) factors, the push–pull relationship has not been directly measured. Furthermore, pull factors have not been examined in detail in terms of onboard (ship) and onshore (ports of call) attributes. Understanding this relationship can help inform the marketing and development of the cruise product. This study measures the importance of push and pull factors and the relationship between them in the decision‐making process of cruise travelers. Results identify the main motives driving the desire to travel and the cruise destination attributes that draw travelers to a specific cruise vacation. A number of potential “product bundles” or market segments are also identified on the basis of strongly related push and pull factors.
Endoscopic transcanal approach to the middle ear for management of pediatric cholesteatoma
Authors: Ghadersohi Saied , Carter John M. , Hoff Stephen R.
Published: May 2017

Objectives

To describe outcomes for endoscopic ear surgery (EES) for pediatric cholesteatoma at a tertiary pediatric hospital.

Methods

Retrospective case series of 65 pediatric cholesteatoma cases in 38 ears. Subgrouping based on cholesteatoma type and EES type. Surgical findings, outcomes, and demographic data were evaluated.

Results

Endoscopes were used in 65 pediatric cholesteatoma cases in 38 primary ears (34 patients), followed for an average of 2.6 years (9 months to 4.6 years). The endoscope was used as the primary visualization tool in 31 (81.6%) ears (EES 2 or 3), and as an adjunct to the microscope in seven ears (EES 1). Twenty‐two (57.9%) ears and 35 (53.4%) cases were transcanal endoscopic ear surgery (EES 3 or TEES). Overall, there was recurrence in five (13.2%) ears and residual in four (10.5%) ears. Cholesteatoma was acquired in 27 ears, with average age 10.9 years; and congenital in 11 ears, with average age 3.8 years. Surgical time was longer for acquired cases (226 vs. 154 minutes). Hearing outcomes were comparable for both cholesteatoma types. Residual disease was seen in three (11.1%) acquired ears and one (9.1%) congenital ear. Overall, the lowest rates of recurrent and residual disease were seen in EES 3 cases, and relatively low rates in EES 2 and 3 ears, including four (12.9%) recurrences and two (6.5%) ears with residual disease.

Conclusion

The endoscopes are a viable tool for resection of pediatric cholesteatoma and provide excellent visualization of the middle ear and associated recesses.

Level of Evidence

4. Laryngoscope, 127:2653–2658, 2017
An adaptive vestibular rehabilitation technique
Authors: Crane Benjamin T. , Schubert Michael C.
Published: May 2017

Objectives/Hypothesis

There is a large variation in vestibular rehabilitation (VR) results depending on type of therapy, adherence, and the appropriateness for the patient's level of function. A novel adaptive vestibular rehabilitation (AVR) program was developed and evaluated.

Study Design

Technology and procedure development, and prospective multicenter trial.

Methods

Those with complete unilateral vestibular hypofunction and symptomatic at least 3 months with a Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) >30 were eligible. Patients were given a device to use with their own computer. They were instructed to use the program daily, with each session lasting about 10 minutes. The task consisted of reporting orientation of the letter C, which appeared when their angular head velocity exceeded a threshold. The letter size and head velocity required were adjusted based on prior performance. Performance on the task was remotely collected by the investigator as well as a weekly DHI score.

Results

Four patients aged 31 to 74 years (mean = 51 years) were enrolled in this feasibility study to demonstrate efficacy. Two had treated vestibular schwannomas and two had vestibular neuritis. Starting DHI was 32 to 56 (mean = 42), which was reduced to 0 to 16 (mean = 11.5) after a month of therapy, a clinically and statistically significant (P < .05) improvement. The three who continued therapy an additional month improved to a DHI of 4.

Conclusions

This AVR method has advantages over traditional VR in terms of cost and customization for patient ability and obtained a major improvement in symptoms. This study demonstrated a clinically and statistically significant decrease in symptoms after 4 weeks of therapy.

Level of Evidence

2b. Laryngoscope, 128:713–718, 2018
Interstitial fluid pressure: A novel biomarker to monitor photo‐induced drug uptake in tumor and normal tissues
Authors: Cavin Sabrina , Wang Xingyu , Zellweger Matthieu , Gonzalez Michel , Bensimon Michaël , Wagnières Georges , Krueger Thorsten , Ris Hans‐Beat , Gronchi Fabrizio , Perentes Jean Y.
Published: May 2017

Background

Low‐dose photodynamic therapy PDT (photoinduction) can modulate tumor vessels and enhance the uptake of liposomal cisplatin (Lipoplatin®) in pleural malignancies. However, the photo‐induction conditions must be tightly controlled as overtreatment shuts down tumor vessels and enhances normal tissue drug uptake.

Material and Methods

In a pleural sarcoma and adenocarcinoma rat model (n = 12/group), we applied photoinduction (0.0625 mg/kg Visudyne®, 10 J/cm2) followed by intravenous Lipoplatin® (5 mg/kg) administration. Tumor and normal tissue IFP were assessed before and up to 1 hour following photoinduction. Lipoplatin® uptake was determined 60 minutes following photoinduction. We then treated the pleura of tumor‐free minipigs with high dose photodynamic therapy (PDT) (0.0625 mg/kg Visudyne®, 30 J/cm2, n = 5) followed by Lipoplatin (5 mg/kg) administration.

Results

In rodents, photoinduction resulted in a significant decrease of IFP (P < 0.05) in both tumor types but not in the surrounding normal lung, equally exposed to light. Also, photoinduction resulted in a significant increase of Lipoplatin® uptake in both tumor types (P < 0.05) but not in normal lung. Tumor IFP variation and Lipoplatin® uptake fitted an inverted parabola. In minipigs, high dose photodynamic treatment resulted in pleural IFP increase of some animals which predicted higher Lipoplatin® uptake levels.

Conclusion

Normal and tumor vasculatures react differently to PDT. Continuous IFP monitoring in normal and tumor tissues is a promising biomarker of vessel photoinduction. Moderate drop in tumor with no change in normal tissue IFP are predictive of specific Lipoplatin® uptake by cancer following PDT. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:773–780, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis of Dual‐Sensitive Core Cross‐Linked Mixed Micelles through Thiol–Ene Addition and Subsequent Drug Release Behavior
Authors: Hespel Louise , Asmar Arlette El , Morandi Gaëlle , Lecamp Laurence , Picton Luc , Burel Fabrice
Published: May 2017

Herein the synthesis of core cross‐linked (CCL) mixed micelles through a UV‐promoted thiol–ene addition onto lipid core unsaturations and the subsequent release of an encapsulated drug depending on the external conditions (pH/temperature) are reported. The thiol–ene addition proceeds even in the absence of a photoinitiator to reach a complete conversion in a few minutes in bulk. The cross‐linking reaction is applied in aqueous media onto lipid‐b‐poly(acrylic acid) (lipid‐b‐PAA) only and then a mixture of pH‐sensitive lipid‐b‐PAA and thermo‐sensitive lipid‐block‐poly(2‐isopropyl‐2‐oxazoline) copolymers. Structurally CCL micelles, preserved in any conditions, with a stimuli‐sensitive corona whose swelling depends on the external pH or/and temperature, are successfully prepared. The release of vitamin K1 (VK1) is then investigated from all the previous systems and demonstrates a strong dependency to the external conditions. Indeed, the dual‐sensitive CCL micelles release VK1 only when two triggers (pH 10 and T = 38 °C) are simultaneously activated.

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3D Printing of Polymer Nanocomposites via Stereolithography
Authors: Manapat Jill Z. , Chen Qiyi , Ye Piaoran , Advincula Rigoberto C.
Published: May 2017

Additive manufacturing (AM) is still underutilized as an industrial process, but is quickly gaining momentum with the development of innovative techniques and materials for various applications. In particular, stereolithography (SLA) is now shifting from rapid prototyping to rapid manufacturing, but is facing challenges in parts performance and printing speed, among others. This review discusses the application of SLA for polymer nanocomposites fabrication to show the technology's potential in increasing the applicability of current SLA‐printed parts. Photopolymerization chemistry, nanocomposite preparation, and applications in various industries are also explained to provide a comprehensive picture of the current and future capabilities of the technique and materials involved.

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Porous Poly(Ionic Liquid) Membranes as Efficient and Recyclable Absorbents for Heavy Metal Ions
Authors: Ren Yongyuan , Zhang Jiandong , Guo Jiangna , Chen Fei , Yan Feng
Published: May 2017

Heavy metal ion pollution has become a serious environmental problem. Herein, this study reports the synthesis of poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) membranes via in situ photo‐crosslinking of vinyl imidazole with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic ionic liquid monomers. The resultant amphiphilic polymer membranes are porous and exhibit high absorption capacity of metal ions (including Hg2+, Pb2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, and Zn2+) in both high (1000 mg L−1) and low (10 mg L−1) concentration metal ion solutions. These metal ionic absorption membranes are easily regenerated in acid solution and can be reused without significant decreases of absorption capacity after many cycles. These PIL membranes may have potential applications as eco‐friendly and safe heavy metal ion removal materials.

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Potential protective role of Grainyhead‐like genes in the development of clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Pawlak Magdalena , Kikulska Agnieszka , Wrzesinski Tomasz , Rausch Tobias , Kwias Zbigniew , Wilczynski Bartek , Benes Vladimir , Wesoly Joanna , Wilanowski Tomasz
Published: May 2017

The involvement of Grainyhead‐like (GRHL) transcription factors in various cancers is well documented. However, little is known about their role in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). We discovered that the expression of two of these factors—GRHL1 and GRHL2—are downregulated in ccRCC samples, and their expression is correlated with the expression of VHL gene. This suggests a functional link between the GRHL transcription factors and one of the best known tumor suppressors. Although the GRHL genes are not mutated in ccRCC, some of the single nucleotide polymorphisms in these genes may indicate an increased risk of ccRCC development and/or may allow to assess patients’ prognoses and predict their responses to various forms of therapy. Silencing of GRHL2 expression in non‐tumorigenic kidney cell line results in increased cell proliferation, increased resistance to apoptosis, as well as changes in the levels of selected proteins involved in the pathogenesis of ccRCC. These changes support the potential role for GRHL2 as a suppressor of ccRCC.
Haploinsufficiency of BCL11A associated with cerebellar abnormalities in 2p15p16.1 deletion syndrome
Authors: Shimbo Hiroko , Yokoi Takayuki , Aida Noriko , Mizuno Seiji , Suzumura Hiroshi , Nagai Junichi , Ida Kazumi , Enomoto Yumi , Hatano Chihiro , Kurosawa Kenji
Published: May 2017

Background

Chromosome 2p15p16.1 deletion syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by intellectual disability (ID), neurodevelopmental delay, language delay, growth retardation, microcephaly, structural brain abnormalities, and dysmorphic features. More than 30 patients with 2p15p16.1 microdeletion syndrome have been reported in the literature.

Methods

Molecular analysis was performed using microarray‐based comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH). Clinical characteristics and brain magnetic resonance imaging features of these patients were also reviewed.

Results

We identified four patients with ID, neurodevelopmental delay, brain malformations, and dysmorphic features; two patients with 2p15p16.1 deletions (3.24 Mb, 5.04 Mb), one patient with 2p16.1 deletion (1.12 Mb), and one patient with 2p14p16.1 deletion (5.12 Mb). Three patients with 2p15p16.1 deletions or 2p16.1 deletions encompassing BCL11A, PAPOLG, and REL showed hypoplasia of the pons and cerebellum. The patient with 2p14p16.1 deletion, which did not include three genes showed normal size and shape of the cerebellar hemispheres and pons.

Conclusion

The zinc finger transcription factor BCL11A associated with the BAF chromatin remodeling complex has been identified to be critical for neural development and BCL11A haploinsufficiency is closely related to cerebellar abnormalities.
Single stage aesthetic and functional reconstruction of composite facial gunshot wound with a chimeric functioning muscle and fibular osseous flap. Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Gravvanis Andreas , Apostolou Konstantinos , Anterriotis Dimitrios , Tsoutsos Dimosthenis
Published: May 2017

The current concepts in the aesthetic and functional reconstruction of complex oromandibular defects are presented with a case of a patient with self‐inflicted gunshot wound to the face. The patient presented with a 6 cm composite mandibular defect; the buccomandibular and suborbital aesthetic zones of the cheek along with the mucosa lining, and the ipsilateral facial musculature were missing. A rapid prototyping model of the facial skeleton was used to assist in preoperative planning. A single stage reconstruction with two free flaps was planned; a free fibula osseous flap to reconstruct the mandibular defect, and a free chimeric ALT/functioning vastus lateralis muscle. The one skin paddle of the chimeric flap reconstructed the buccomandibular/suborbital zones of the cheek, and the other the lining of the mouth. The functional muscle provided reanimation of the corner of the mouth by coapting the muscle's motor nerve to the ipsilateral marginal mandibular nerve. A good facial contour and reanimation of the mouth with oral continence was achieved, and the patient presented with good social and emotional smile. This first report of combined use of a fibula osseous flap with a chimeric functional ALT/Vastus Lateralis flap suggests that the chimeric flap principle may be used in complex aesthetic and functional challenges of severe facial trauma.
Nanocellulose as a green and sustainable emerging material in energy applications: a review
Authors: Muhd Julkapli Nurhidayatulllaili , Bagheri Samira
Published: May 2017

In this review, a recent prospect on application of nanocellulose in energy application has been highlighted. To achieve high capacities that are essential for effective extraction of interesting ions and for faster charging and discharging in the energy storage devices, nanocellulose in the conducting matrix must obviously assist the dual purpose of mechanically improving and reinforcing the specific charge capacity. The abundant number of nanocellulose hydroxyl groups on the surface favors the formation of hydrogen bonding in an ordered structure and lead to it having high strength and stiffness properties at low density. This brought up the idea of utilizing nanocellulose as a reinforcement and energy adsorption agent originating from the possibility of exploiting the high strength and stiffness of cellulose crystals in composite applications. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study choices and returns of international students: On the role of cultural and economic capital of the family
Authors: Bahna Miloslav
Published: May 2017

Our study analyses connections between the economic and cultural capital of the families of international students, their study choices, and postgraduation returns. Thus far, research on brain drain has focused either on actual returns or on the intentions of students to return. Literature exploring the selectivity of international student mobility interpreted the middle class background of the students as a distinction strategy in a situation of expanding tertiary education in the source country. However, the connection between the cultural and economic capital of the student's family and postgraduation returns has not yet been analysed. Our results, based on a survey of parents of internationally mobile students from Slovakia, confirm the previously reported selectivity of international student mobility. Internationally mobile students come more often from families with a higher level of cultural capital. Moreover, students from families with high cultural capital have a higher probability of studying in more prestigious study destinations. The study destination is, however, not influenced by the economic capital of the family. We use structural equation modelling to describe the connection observed between cultural and economic capital and postgraduation returns. Although a high level of cultural capital increases the odds of nonreturn, a high level of economic capital increases the chance of postgraduation return. We suggest that such a “cultural capital drain” could have positive consequences on vertical labour market mobility in the source country. We discuss the connection between international student mobility and labour migration in the case of international students from low income families.
Interface traps in 28 nm node field effect transistors detected by capacitance transient spectroscopy
Authors: Mchedlidze Teimuraz , Drescher Maximilian , Erben Elke , Weber Jörg
Published: May 2017

The energy distribution of the interface trap density for high‐k metal gate field effect transistors, fabricated in the standard 28 nm node technology and subjected to various fabrication processes was obtained using the capacitance transient spectroscopy (CTS) method. The CTS results show a nice correspondence with those obtained by the characterization methods routinely used in semiconductor industry, but contain more information. Strong influence of the infrared illumination on the results of the CTS measurements was detected at temperatures T < 200 K. Therefore, a proper shielding from infrared irradiation is required during transient spectroscopy measurements at low temperatures.
Robotic distal locking of intramedullary nailing: Technical description and cadaveric testing
Authors: Panzica Martin , Suero Eduardo M. , Westphal Ralf , Citak Musa , Liodakis Emmanouil , Hawi Nael , Petri Max , Krettek Christian , Stuebig Timo
Published: May 2017

Interlocked intramedullary nailing is the treatment of choice for femoral shaft fractures. However, distal locking is a technically challenging part of the procedure that can result in distal femoral malrotation and high radiation exposure. We have tested a robotic procedure for robotic distal locking based on the computation of a drilling trajectory on two calibrated fluoroscopic images. Twenty distal holes were attempted in ten cadaveric femur specimens. Successful screw hole drilling was achieved at the first attempt in each of the ten specimens (20 drill holes in total). No failures were recorded. The average total number of images needed was 6.5 +/− 3.6. The average computation time was 16.5+/− 16.0 seconds. Robotic distal locking was feasible in this test and can be integrated into a fully robotic intramedullary nailing procedure.
Robotic bariatric surgery: A general review of the current status
Authors: Jung Minoa K. , Hagen Monika E. , Buchs Nicolas C. , Buehler Leo H. , Morel Philippe
Published: May 2017

Background

While conventional laparoscopy is the gold standard for almost all bariatric procedures, robotic assistance holds promise for facilitating complex surgeries and improving clinical outcomes. Since the report of the first robotic‐assisted bariatric procedure in 1999, numerous publications, including those reporting comparative trials and meta‐analyses across bariatric procedures with a focus on robotic assistance, can be found.

Purpose

This article reviews the current literature and portrays the perspectives of robotic bariatric surgery.

Conclusions

While there are substantial reports on robotic bariatric surgery currently in publication, most studies suffer from low levels of evidence. As such, although robotics technology is without a doubt superior to conventional laparoscopy, the precise role of robotics in bariatric surgery is not yet clear.
A prospective randomized controlled trial for assessment of perineal hydrodissection technique for nervesparing robot assisted radical prostatectomy
Authors: Hatiboglu G. , Simpfendörfer T. , Uhlmann L. , Bergero M.A. , Macher‐Goeppinger S. , Pahernik S. , Hadaschik B. , Hohenfellner M. , Teber D.
Published: May 2017

Background

This study prospectively evaluated the safety and efficacy of perineal hydrodissection in robot assisted nervesparing prostatectomy.

Methods

Patients were randomized for perineal, ultrasound guided hydrodissection (HD) before radical prostatectomy and compared with standard treatment (ST). Follow‐up was done every 3 months, including erectile function (IIEF5‐score), reported grade of erection, ability for sexual intercourse, continence, PSA.

Results

21 patients were enrolled to this prospective study, 10 for ST and 11 for HD. No significant differences in demographic and preoperative oncological data between both groups were identified. Blood loss and time for surgery did not differ significantly. HD resulted in 66% (4/6) rate of positive surgical margins (PSM) in pT3 tumors vs 50% in ST (1/2; P = 0.67). Follow‐up revealed higher IIEF scores, better ability for sexual intercourse and early continence in HD.

Conclusions

Erectile function after radical prostatectomy was improved by perineal hydrodissection in this proof of principal study. However, careful patient selection and further studies are needed as perineal hydrodissection could result in increased positive surgical margins in pT3a tumors.
Negating the fulcrum effect in manual laparoscopic surgery: Investigating skill acquisition with a haptic simulator
Authors: Spiers Adam J. , Baillie Sarah , Pipe Tony G. , Asimakopolous George
Published: May 2017

Background

Manual laparoscopic surgery requires extensive training and familiarization. It has been suggested that motion inversion caused by the ‘fulcrum effect’ is key to motor challenges. We investigate the potential of a conceptual semi‐robotic handheld tool that negates natural inversion.

Methods

A custom laparoscopic simulator with haptic feedback was developed to allow interactive evaluation of the conceptual tool via virtual prototyping, prior to fabricating a physical prototype. Two groups of eight participants each used either the conceptual or a regular virtual tool over a ten week study to complete two abstract tasks of motor control and force regulation.

Results

Statistically significant higher rates of skill improvement were demonstrated with the conceptual tool for motion efficiency, task completion time and error reduction. Force regulation increased for both groups but without significant differences.

Conclusions

The results indicate potential for fulcrum‐negating hand tools in reducing the time needed to acquire motor skills.
Adaptive path planning for depth‐constrained bathymetric mapping with an autonomous surface vessel
Authors: Wilson Troy , Williams Stefan B.
Published: May 2017

This paper describes the design, implementation, and testing of a suite of algorithms to enable depth‐constrained autonomous bathymetric (underwater topography) mapping by an autonomous surface vessel (ASV). Given a target depth and a bounding polygon, the ASV will find and follow the intersection of the bounding polygon and the depth contour as modeled online with a Gaussian process (GP). This intersection, once mapped, will then be used as a boundary within which a path will be planned for coverage to build a map of the bathymetry. Efficient methods are implemented enabling online fitting, prediction and hyperparameter optimization within the GP framework on a small embedded PC. New algorithms are introduced for the partitioning of convex polygons to allow efficient path planning for coverage. These algorithms are tested both in simulation and in the field with a small twin hull differential thrust vessel built for the task.