bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE SWORN TRANSLATION OF DOCUMENTS ISSUED BY THE BRITISH GENERAL REGISTER OFFICE
Authors: Meiriño-Gómez Jesús
Published: February 2025

This paper examines the sworn translation of certificates delivered by the British General Register Office in the English–Spanish and English–Galician language combinations. It has a two-fold aim. First, it seeks to provide a preliminary overview concerning the specialised vocabulary, in addition to the legal expressions and formulas frequently employed in the aforementioned documents, while offering translation proposals for the target languages referred to. Second, the usefulness of multilingual glossaries extracted from textual corpora for the translation practice is also considered. Although there is a vast body of literature on legal and sworn translation in the English–Spanish language combination, existing resources on the subject in Galician, a minoritised language, are extremely limited. This may represent a hindrance in identifying appropriate translation solutions in that language, but simultaneously makes this piece of research relevant as a starting point for the sworn translation from and into Galician.
The paper begins with an introduction to sworn translation and an examination of its main characteristics. The cultural implications present in the translation of official documents are then considered, followed by an examination of the construction of multilingual glossaries as a useful resource for sworn translation. A sample glossary containing vocabulary from documents issued by the British General Register Office, together with translation proposals into Spanish and Galician is then provided, following which the paper is concluded.
Ireland’s Foreign Relations in 2023
Authors: McDonagh Kenneth
Published: February 2025

This review examines Ireland’s foreign relations in 2023. The ongoing Russian
war on Ukraine and conflict in the Middle East demanded a response that balanced Ireland’s values with the realities of EU membership. While relations with
the United Kingdom improved somewhat, tensions remained in relation to legacy prosecutions and to a lesser extent, Brexit. Ireland-US relations remained
broadly positive while Ireland faced some challenges in its relations with China
and Russia. The review outlines how Ireland managed its foreign relations in
response to these challenges and notes some prominent deaths during the year.
Flexible and wearable dual-channel liquid crystal polymer film for high-performance security information encryption
Authors: Sang Jingxin , Lv Zhiwei , Li Tangwu , Chen Fangfang , Li Hongliang , Yang Baoliang , Sun Jiatong , Shang Jianhua , Zheng Jihong
Published: February 2025

Information security has become a crucial concern in our daily lives, with numerous advanced strategies developed for information protection and data security. Liquid crystal (LC) has emerged as one of the most attractive candidates for information encryption due to its highly efficient modulation of phase, wavelength, and polarization. However, multi-channel anti-counterfeiting LC devices are typically confined to rigid glass substrates, and achieving such functionality through simple fabrication processes and low-energy stimuli remains a challenge. Herein, a novel twist nematic liquid crystal polymer (LCP) film for multidimensional and flexible information encryption is proposed. Two distinct patterns are written into top and bottom substrates via photomasks created with an ordinary printer. These two pieces of encoded information can be independently displayed by rotating the sample or analyzer. Through ultraviolet photo-crosslinking, the LCP in the cell is solidified into a film, which can then be detached and transferred onto various substrates. This research demonstrates that dual-channel LCP films have promising prospects in wearable devices, flexible displays, data storage, and information encryption.
Bayesian classification of OXPHOS deficient skeletal myofibres
Authors: Childs Jordan , Gomes Tiago Bernardino , Vincent Amy E , Golightly Andrew , Lawless Conor
Published: February 2025

Mitochondria are organelles in most human cells which release the energy required for cells to function. Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is a key biochemical process within mitochondria required for energy production and requires a range of proteins and protein complexes. Mitochondria contain multiple copies of their own genome (mtDNA), which codes for some of the proteins and ribonucleic acids required for mitochondrial function and assembly. Pathology arises from genetic defects in mtDNA and can reduce cellular abundance of OXPHOS proteins, affecting mitochondrial function. Due to the continuous turn-over of mtDNA, pathology is random and neighbouring cells can possess different OXPHOS protein abundance. Estimating the proportion of cells where OXPHOS protein abundance is too low to maintain normal function is critical to understanding disease severity and predicting disease progression. Currently, one method to classify single cells as being OXPHOS deficient is prevalent in the literature. The method compares a patient’s OXPHOS protein abundance to that of a small number of healthy control subjects. If the patient’s cell displays an abundance which differs from the abundance of the controls then it is deemed deficient. However, due to the natural variation between subjects and the low number of control subjects typically available, this method is inflexible and often results in a large proportion of patient cells being misclassified. These misclassifications have significant consequences for the clinical interpretation of these data. We propose a single-cell classification method using a Bayesian hierarchical mixture model, which allows for inter-subject OXPHOS protein abundance variation. The model accurately classifies an example dataset of OXPHOS protein abundances in skeletal muscle fibres (myofibres). When comparing the proposed and existing model classifications to manual classifications performed by experts, the proposed model results in estimates of the proportion of deficient myofibres that are consistent with expert manual classifications.
Genetic adaptation to amoxicillin in Escherichia coli: The limited role of dinB and katE
Authors: Teichmann Lisa , Wenne Marcus , Luitwieler Sam , Dugar Gaurav , Bengtsson-Palme Johan , ter Kuile Benno
Published: February 2025

Bacteria can quickly adapt to sub-lethal concentrations of antibiotics. Several stress and DNA repair genes contribute to this adaptation process. However, the pathways leading to adaptation by acquisition of de novo mutations remain poorly understood. This study explored the roles of DNA polymerase IV (dinB) and catalase HP2 (katE) in E. coli’s adaptation to amoxicillin. These genes are thought to play essential roles in beta-lactam resistance—dinB in increasing mutation rates and katE in managing oxidative stress. By comparing the adaptation rates, transcriptomic profiles, and genetic changes of wild-type and knockout strains, we aimed to clarify the contributions of these genes to beta-lactam resistance. While all strains exhibited similar adaptation rates and mutations in the frdD gene and ampC operon, several unique mutations were acquired in the ΔkatE and ΔdinB strains. Overall, this study distinguishes the contributions of general stress-related genes on the one hand, and dinB, and katE on the other hand, in development of beta-lactam resistance.
A music structure analysis method based on beat feature and improved residual networks
Authors: Lu Bing , Zhang Qianxue , Guo Yi , Hu Fuqiang , Xiong Xuejun
Published: February 2025

In response to the issues of insufficient audio feature representation and insufficient model generalization ability in music structure analysis methods, a music structure analysis method based on beat feature fusion and an improved residual network was designed. Music structure analysis (MSA) contains two tasks, boundary detection and segment labeling. Boundary detection and Segment labeling are expected to accurately divide music segments and clarify the function. In this paper, a method is studied to accomplish the two tasks. First, the labels of music structure are refactored into 9 types and refined to each beat. Secondly, a beat-wise feature extraction is studied to segment music according to its beats and incorporates various acoustic features to achieve highly accurate segmentation. Then, a Resnet-34 based on a self-attentive mechanism is used to predict the category of each beat. Finally, a post-processing step is designed to filter predicted labels. The method is evaluated on the dataset SALAMI-IA, and experiments show that it is 3 percentage points higher than the current optimal method on HR3F. It is better than the most advanced methods on PWF and Sf.
Educational constraints on marital sorting and income mobility
Authors: Gao Nan
Published: February 2025

This paper examines the effect of educational assortative mating on overall income mobility in terms of both inter- and intragenerational mobility. In recent years, educational assortative mating has become a trend in China, and this marital sorting pattern not only contributes to marriage stability but is also related to increased income mobility. Educational assortative mating affects the distribution of educational resources among families with diffferent educational qualifications. Families with higher educational qualifications have more educational resources, thus obtaining a more solid income status. Educational assortative mating has the most significant influence on the income mobility of the low-income group, as high-quality educational resources are the key to enabling this group to raise its income status. This paper argues that, in the future, income mobility should be promoted by evenly distributing social education resources and reducing the resource constraints on the upward mobility of the low-income group.
SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with higher chance of diabetes remission among Veterans with incident diabetes
Authors: Wander Pandora L. , Lowy Elliott , Korpak Anna , Beste Lauren A. , Kahn Steven E. , Boyko Edward J.
Published: February 2025

Objective

To examine the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on long-term glycemia.

Research design and methods

We conducted a retrospective inception cohort study using Veterans Health Administration data (March 1, 2020–May 31, 2022) among individuals with ≥ 1 positive nasal swab for SARS-CoV-2 and individuals with ≥ 1 laboratory test of any type but no positive swab. Two incident diabetes cohorts were defined based on: 1) a computable phenotype using a combination of diagnosis codes, laboratory tests, and receipt of glucose-lowering medications (n = 17,754); and 2) the presence of ≥ 2 HbA1c results ≥ 6.5% (n = 4,768). We fit log-binomial models examining associations of SARS-CoV-2 with diabetes remission, defined as ≥ 2 HbA1c measurements < 6.5% ≥ 90 days apart after cessation of any glucose-lowering medications. To help equalize laboratory surveillance of glycemia, we conducted a subgroup analysis among non-hospitalized participants.

Results

In cohorts 1 and 2 respectively, 25% and 29% had ≥ 1 positive test for SARS-CoV-2 prior to enrollment, and 21% and 11% had remission. SARS-CoV-2 was associated with a higher chance of remission by both definitions (1: RR 1.22 [95%CI 1.14–1.29]; 2: RR 1.27 [95%CI 1.07–1.50]) over an average 503 (±202) and 494 (±184) days. The association was attenuated among non-hospitalized participants (1: RR 1.11 [1.04–1.20]; 2: R: 1.17 [95%CI 0.97–1.42]).

Conclusions

Diabetes remission was more common in Veterans with new-onset diabetes after SARS-CoV-2. In non-hospitalized participants, who were likely to have more similar laboratory surveillance, the association was diminished. Differences in surveillance or transient hyperglycemia may explain the observed association.
A statistical insight to exploration of medicinal wastewater as a source of thermostable lipase-producing microorganisms
Authors: Rajak Sisir , Ali Shaikh Rajesh , Pal Baidyanath , Chakraborty Sibani Sen
Published: February 2025

Bacteria are ubiquitous and capable of thriving in diverse environments, including industrial effluents, which often present harsh physical and chemical conditions. These microorganisms produce various intracellular and extracellular biomolecules that enable adaptation, tolerance, and utilization of such extreme environments. Recognizing the growing industrial demand for thermostable lipases, this study focuses on the isolation, characterization, and optimization of lipase-producing bacteria from medicinal wastewater collected from a factory in North 24 Parganas, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. Nineteen lipase-producing bacterial isolates were obtained from nutrient agar plates and screened using tributyrin agar (TBA) plates. Extracellular lipolytic activity was confirmed via the cup-plate method with Tween 20/80 agar and methyl red as the indicator. The isolates were characterized morphologically and through biochemical tests. Extracellular lipase activity was quantified spectrophotometrically using para-nitrophenyl palmitate (pNPP) as a substrate in 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer, with absorbance measured at 410 nm after incubation at 65°C for 20 minutes to assess thermostability. Of the 19 isolates, 11 produced thermolabile lipases, while 8 exhibited thermostable lipase activity. Among these, three isolates (MWS14, MWS6, and MWS18) demonstrated high thermostable lipase production, with MWS18 being the most productive. Ribotyping and BLAST analysis revealed that these isolates shared 99% sequence similarity with Enterococcus, Bacillus, and Serratia species, respectively. Statistical analysis using the Kruskal-Wallis H-test confirmed significant differences in lipase production among the three groups of isolates. The study also predicts greater lipase production potential in Gram-negative bacterial strains compared to Gram-positive isolates. These findings highlight the industrial relevance of medicinal wastewater as a source of thermostable lipase-producing bacteria.
Practical guidelines for immersive journalism production
Authors: Jackson Patrick , Stubbs Ben
Published: February 2025

Immersive journalism (IJ) is an innovative form of journalism which utilizes 360-degree footage and virtual reality environments, allowing viewers to be placed inside a scene. An increased degree of agency and immersion is offered when compared with traditional forms of journalism due to the level of interactivity virtual reality technology can deliver. However, the newness of IJ means it lacks a clear set of guidelines to better inform future practice – a point identified by academics and practitioners alike. This project investigates how better-defined recommendations for IJ production created using 360-degree video can inform the field’s practice more broadly. To accomplish this, a cyclic methodology incorporating both practice-led research and research-led practice was utilized. As technology evolves, the findings of this research can inform future definition of IJ’s scope, while the efficacy and commercial viability of content created using the identified approaches could also be assessed in further studies.
A wicked problem: The rising tide of pollution at Ilavalai Beach, Sri Lanka
Authors: Holt Ann , Maguire Cindy
Published: February 2025

This article describes practice-led research focused on a teaching project in Ilavalai, Sri Lanka that involves socially engaged art (SEA) and science, technology, engineering, art and math (STEAM) workshops centred around a local community challenge, or, ‘a wicked problem’, in this case, the community issue of ocean and beach pollution. The project explores questions around how art can be a vehicle for hope, resilience, rebuilding lives and community towards visioning, building, recovering futures as a cultural capacity. Theoretical underpinnings guiding the research and teaching in the context of place are connected to future-making through artful coalitions that decentre definitions of (D)development and (C)culture. The article details the workshop processes including images and videos of student work and concludes with a reflection on how using SEA and STEAM in a development context, side-by-side with partners, can support and empower communities in aspiring to and imagining hopeful, healthy and meaningful futures.
Tornado diary: Material vulnerability and art education
Authors: Hood Emily Jean
Published: February 2025

In March 2023 in Little Rock, Arkansas, my family’s home was destroyed by a tornado. Around that same time in North America, natural disasters seemed common: catastrophic flooding in Vermont, tornadoes throughout the South and Midwest, expansive wildfires in Canada. Environmental disaster has become part of the global human experience. In this visual essay, I revisit the shattering of my own illusions of material stability through prose and photographic images that were produced around the time of the tornado by myself and my children. The prose is written from a second-person perspective, inspired by essay ‘Now let us shift… conocimiento… inner work, public acts’, to invite the reader into a sense of shared vulnerability. I make connections between these forms of artmaking and concepts of ontological, systemic and material vulnerability. I attempt to show that all material bodies have a shared vulnerability and encourage art educators to embrace this vulnerability within artmaking practices.
Divining through artmaking to create a mended world
Authors: Ravisankar Ramya
Published: February 2025

This visual essay is an artmaking-research-based inquiry that considers how we can mend our world by addressing the hybridity and malleability of notions like identity, home, materiality and future(s). This work explores how artists and art educators can contribute to the imagination and futurism(s) that valorize and repair our environment. It also acknowledges the role of the more-than-human world as collaborators in this world-making process. This inquiry is a form of artistic divination to interrogate the artist–researcher’s Indian American identity. Through photographs and found imagery from South India and the United States, such as saris, knitted artwork and scans of dried plant material, I envision future(s) through artmaking and research. Drawing on notions of pluriversality and decoloniality, this visual essay explores the world-making potentialities of this artmaking and research practice. Personal reflections through artmaking and writing promote environmentally aware practices of making, thinking and world-making, offering a vision of a mended world.
Editorial
Authors: Wani Aarti
Published: February 2025

Despite Marathi cinema’s rich, varied, century-long history, scholarship has been sparse. It is only in recent years that we see a growing academic interest in the field. Speculating on whether the Marathi film industry’s collocation with the ‘national’ Hindi film industry is one of the primary reasons for this scholarly neglect, this focused issue collects four articles on diverse topics and with differing approaches to Marathi film and media culture by both established and early-career scholars to encourage Marathi cinema scholarship. The goal is to further our understanding of the other languages/regional versus Hindi/national binary.
Forbidden spectacles of a bygone era: An analysis of Malayalam cinema’s soft-porn noon-show culture
Authors: Raj Sony Jalarajan , Suresh Adith K.
Published: February 2025

The cultural paradigms of the soft-porn era in Malayalam cinema had an emancipatory quality where the precarious body of the ‘bombshell’ starlets captivated the voyeuristic perceptions of regional spectators. The celebration of these films by a suburban audience constructed a new public space for the realization of carnal desires and taboo fantasies. This article investigates how the soft-porn noon-shows contributed to a unique cultural experience of film-viewing in Kerala in the late 1990s that challenged the cultural elitism associated with regional cinema. It investigates the role of the audience in defining the historical significance of the noon-show theatres, together with their origin, popularity and fall in the larger narrative of the evolutionary metamorphosis of Malayalam cinema. The softcore phenomenon was an organic subversion of the hegemonic ideology of cinema, which has been used by upper-class cultural powers to maintain their moral presuppositions.
Freedom behind the bars: Exploring queer narratives in the films Aligarh and Great Freedom
Authors: Thakurdesai Sanika Kunjavihari
Published: February 2025

Films are important for representing social issues and their consequences, such as the laws criminalizing a particular sexual orientation and its effects on the individuals concerned. The representation of queer stories in films brings to light the challenges faced by this group and the resilience shown by them to create and expand spaces and communities around this law. This article analyses two films, Aligarh and Great Freedom, showing how a law can destroy lives and affect a whole generation. Aligarh, a courtroom drama, and Great Freedom, a prison drama, portray hard-hitting stories of two human beings who are forced to live a tragedy only because of their sexual orientation.
Introduction to “The Representation of American Culture in the English Language Classroom in Hungary” Thematic Issue
Authors: Huber Máté
Published: February 2025

The Representation of American Culture in the English Language Classroom in Hungary
Representing American Culture in Teaching English as a Global Language
Authors: Deli Zsolt Pál
Published: February 2025

This paper aims to show the relationship between culture and language. English is a global language spoken all over the world occupying a status incomparable to other languages, and culture is an integral part of ourselves, affecting all areas of our life in a profound way. Language, as the primary tool of human communication, is not an exception. Besides offering learners linguistic knowledge and potentially advanced language skills, it is inseparably interconnected with culture, whether it be through literature, media, popular culture, sports, only to mention a few areas. Representing cultures in education is inevitable in general, and in language teaching in particular. Integrating American culture in teaching English is vital for a number of reasons. It helps students understand cultural norms and social conventions, which can make their communication more effective and stimulating, promoting motivation and involvement in real life-like settings in the target language. Today, the depiction of cultural diversity, sensitivity, and awareness in education are probably more important than ever in human history, making the language learning journey a more realistic adventure. A holistic approach of incorporating cultural features into teaching practices may substantially promote a deeper level of language education and contribute to more accomplished learners who possess insights into cultural aspects beyond mastering English.
The Crucible Project
Authors: Agárdi Mátyás , Flosznik Dénes , Gombkötő Fanni , Huber Máté , Ördög-Katona Liliána
Published: February 2025

Abstract Drama pedagogy is proven to be an effective method in foreign language education. It can help the teacher create realistic scenarios in which learners can use newly acquired language in an authentic and creative way. It can facilitate the improvement of fluency as well as lexis knowledge, moreover, it offers a chance for the learner to be familiarized with the target language’s culture, or any other literary or cultural work (Dunn and Stinson 2011,622-623), (Even 2009, 162), (Rothwell 2011, 149). In 2023, SzThEatre, a drama group consisting of future drama teachers, created a play titled "The Crucible" for high school students about high school students. The English-language play is set in a detention room that is also the set of the American classic "The Breakfast Club" (1985) and incorporates other typically American elements such as student body elections and the allegory of the American dream. Despite the title's reference to the famous American playwright Arthur Miller's work, the drama group intends to use 'crucible' as a wordplay alluding to today’s society as a melting pot. The play addresses frequent issues that occur in teenagers’ lives in any country, while creating a safe space by estranging the audience through cultural differences. This allows students to process these life situations through drama pedagogy while passively learning the language and becoming familiar with American culture. Educational drama is one of the most widespread educational tools nowadays, since not only does it allow learners to express themselves in a safe environment spontaneously and honestly, but their social, critical, and moral values are also challenged. This genre is also an effective instrument for training the students’ critical thinking skills, while also learning how to form a critical view of their surroundings (Kaifa et. al 2020, 139-148). Visiting theatres and seeing plays has numerous educational benefits besides entertainment, like creating a more deeply rooted need for theatre in the students (Roberts 1968, 309), or teaching them sensitivity about good theatre including the play itself, the performance, and the production. Educational theatre may also aid personal development by allowing learners to encounter opinions different from theirs and helping them understand those ideas, or by motivating them to think more creatively and autonomously (Hodge, 1954, 106–19).
Modulus estimation of polymers via nanoindentation – impact of surface roughness, peak force and testing speed
Authors: Huszar Michael , Oreski Gernot , Arbeiter Florian
Published: February 2025

Nanoindentation is widely used to study small-scale structures in materials. The impact of varying testing conditions on the measurement’s accuracy is of high interest, and their influence on the characterization of polymeric materials is still quite scarce. Therefore, this study investigates varying loading and unloading rates paired with maximum loads ranging from 0.5 to 20 mN on Polyethylene samples with varying surface finishes after wet grinding. The indentation Data was analyzed using the Oliver & Pharr Method, and the resulting Modulus was compared with those obtained from macroscopical tensile tests. The hardness was compared to Shore hardness measurements. A correlation between the measured modulus values and the surface Quality was explored. The results prove the already established rule that the best surface finish (Sa = 0.07 μm) leads to the smallest standard deviation. However, they show that the modulus characterization is less influenced by surface roughness than hardness evaluations.
Changing the integrity of the material surface by combining laser surface texturing and PVD magnetron sputtering technologies
Authors: Krafka Michal , Bakalova Totka , Svobodová Lucie , Primus Tomáš , Mrózek Magdalena , Bouša Milan
Published: February 2025

The presented research combines laser micromachining technology (LST, Laser Surface Texturing) using an ultra-short femtosecond laser beam and PVD deposition of thin layers using magnetron sputtering. This combination has multiple benefits. It provides uniform and highly adhesive coatings with improved tribological properties. By optimising the deposition parameters when applying a thin layer of TiN, an improvement in the tribological properties of the tool steel surface and the laser micromachining (LST) surface can be achieved. On the laser-modified and coated surface with Ellipses-texture, the wear reduction was almost 19 % compared to the reference texture. The TiN coating exhibited very good adhesion to the substrate with critical force values of LC3 greater than 45 N and a nano hardness value of 26.5 GPa. The adhesion of the TiN coating to the laser-affected substrate, as well as the resistance of the coating to damage, was high. Damage primarily occurred on the original polished surface around the edges of the machined textures, where stresses are likely to concentrate.
Estimation of mechanical properties of neutron-irradiated 08Ch18N10T steel from hardness testing
Authors: Materna Aleš , Haušild Petr , Klatovská Petra
Published: February 2025

Through-thickness Vickers hardness of a neutron-irradiated small segment of the core barrel made from 08Ch18N10T austenitic stainless steel was characterized experimentally and results were compared to ones simulated numerically with assumption of Ludwik’s form of hardening equation and neutron dose dependent material parameters according to work of Sorokin. Simulated values of hardness trace the lower bound of scattered experimental data. Based on the same material input data and on the correlation with measured hardness profile, increase of the material yield strength of the core barrel due to reactor operation was estimated.
Mechanical properties of dental fillings with nanoparticles
Authors: Mrózek Magdalena , Svobodová Lucie , Bakalova Totka , Gronwald Helena , Bukovská Šárka , Krafka Michal
Published: February 2025

Nanoparticles represent an innovative direction in dentistry that offers several possibilities for improving the physical-chemical properties of dental materials. Moreover, they may help to reduce tooth sensitivity and prevent the recurrence of tooth caries with their antibacterial properties. Particular attention is given to the significant potential of nanoparticles in enhancing the mechanical properties of dental fillings. Our aim was to use diamond nanoparticles to modify dental fillings based on glass ionomer cement (GIC) and evaluate the effects of nanoparticles on the hardness, strength, wear resistance, and surface texture of the composite. Results suggest that modification of GIC using diamond nanoparticles can be an effective method for improving mechanical properties and may lead to the development of improved materials for dentistry.
About the choice of Tungsten carbide indenter to determine mechanical properties of superalloys by using high-temperature microhardness tester
Authors: Passilly Bruno , Kardache Amélie
Published: February 2025

In the aeronautical field, materials are used in severe environmental conditions (temperature, atmosphere), particularly in engine applications. In order to qualify mechanical properties of new composition Ni-based superalloys, ONERA performs Vickers hardness tests from room temperature up to 750 °C close to operating conditions. This method consists in applying a pyramidal tip onto the specimen to characterize hardness and mechanical resistance of the material. This simple method appears to be faster than other methods using classical hot tensile or bending tests.Nevertheless, the choice of the indenter tip for high-temperature experiments is crucial. Tungsten carbide tip is used for characterizing Ni-based superalloys. Electron microscopy and X-ray analysis are presented and discussed on new and used tungsten carbide tips. A simple experimental method to control the evolution of the indenter before and after using it in the high-temperature hardness test is explained.Evolution of hardness and mechanical resistance versus temperature by using Tabor relationship on a Nickel-based superalloy sample is compared to evolution of mechanical resistance values determined by classical high temperature tensile tests. A good agreement is found between these two methods with WC indenter. These hardness measurements could be carried out up to 1 000 °C if indenter is still available to characterize layers, coatings, composite materials, additive manufacturing materials or gradient properties materials.
Optimization of FIB milling procedure for micromechanical testing of cement pastes
Authors: Procházka Jan , Němeček Jiří , Halodová Patricie , Němeček Jiří
Published: February 2025

This study focuses on optimizing the Focused Ion Beam (FIB) preparation process for micro-beams made from cement paste prepared from Portland cement CEM I-42.5R, which includes four phases: inner and outer products, Portlandite, and residual clinker. The effects of the primary electron beam, focused ion beam, image drift, imaging issues, and sample moisture cycling were investigated. Recommendations on specific fabrication procedures and FIB milling parameters, such as accelerating voltage, probe current, and time, were provided.
Três acertos e três erros no diagnóstico de incisivo lateral superior com necrose pulpar
Authors: Consolaro Alberto , Consolaro Ingrid , Miranda Dario
Published: February 2025

INTRODUÇÃO: O incisivo lateral superior apresenta- se com muitas alterações do desenvolvimento e está exposto, com frequência, aos traumatismos dentários. Isso gera muitos erros de diagnóstico. OBJETIVO: Ressaltar quais são os fatores que levam a erros que, com frequência, atribuem o tratamento ortodôntico como uma “possível” causa de necrose pulpar nesses dentes. METODOLOGIA: A partir da literatura e da experiência de muitos casos e consultorias, destacar esses acertos e erros. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO: Se o incisivo lateral superior estiver com estrutura mineralizada...
Оптимизация погрешности экспоненциально-тригонометрической интерполяционной формулы
Authors: Shadimetov Kholmatvoi Makhkambaevich , Boltaev Aziz Kuzievich
Published: February 2025

В инженерной геодезии облака точек, полученные с помощью методов площадных измерений, таких как наземное лазерное сканирование или фотограмметрия, должны быть аппроксимированы кривой или поверхностью, которую можно описать с помощью непрерывной математической функции, часто используя сплайны и оптимальные интерполяционные формулы.
Работа посвящена построению оптимальной интерполяционной формулы, точной на экспоненциально-тригонометрических функциях в гильбертовом пространстве. Оптимальная формула интерполяции получается минимизацией нормы функционала погрешности по коэффициентам. В статье доказаны существование и единственность оптимальной интерполяционной формулы, а также получены явные аналитические выражения для оптимальных коэффициентов интерполяционной формулы. С помощью построенной оптимальной интерполяционной формулы интерполированы конкретные функции и проведено сравнение с известными результатами других авторов.
Расчет профиля равнопрочного вращающегося диска переменной толщины с учетом анизотропии и разной прочности при растяжении и сжатии
Authors: Prokudin Aleksandr Nikolaevich
Published: February 2025

Работа посвящена расчету геометрии равнопрочного кольцевого диска с учетом эффектов анизотропии и разной прочности при растяжении и сжатии. Диск находится под действием центробежных сил и усилий на внутреннем и внешнем контуре. Постановка задачи основана на уравнениях теории упругости анизотропного тела и гипотезе о плоском напряженном состоянии. В качестве критерия прочности применяется общее квадратичное условие, единственным требованием к которому является его эллиптичность. Используемое условие в частных случаях сводится ко многим известным критериям прочности (Цая-Ву, Хилла, Друкера-Прагера, Мизеса и т.д.).
Определяющая система уравнений состоит из уравнения совместности деформаций, уравнения равновесия и условия постоянства эквивалентного напряжения. Указанное условие удовлетворяется с помощью тригонометрической замены и введенной вспомогательной функции. Два оставшихся уравнения решаются последовательно в неявном виде, в котором вспомогательная функция выступает в качестве независимой переменной. Полученное аналитическое решение позволяет построить геометрию диска (профиль и внутренний радиус диска) равной прочности, а также определить распределение напряжений в таком диске. Установлено, что решение может не существовать и быть не единственным.
В частных случаях решение сводится к решениям для многих известных критериев прочности, а также к классическому решению Ю. Н. Работнова. Сравнение расчетов, полученных для критериев Цая-Ву и Мизеса, показало, что анизотропия и разная прочность при растяжении и сжатии могут оказывать существенное влияние на геометрию диска равной прочности и напряженное состояние в нем.
Математическое моделирование колебаний газа в реакторе пиролиза метана
Authors: Kudinov Igor Vasilievich , Trubitsyn Konstantin Viktorovich , Eremin Anton Vladimirovich , Dolgikh Viktor D.
Published: February 2025

Разработана математическая модель колебаний газа, возникающих под действием внешней гармонической нагрузки, с учетом пространственно-временной нелокальности. Модель построена на основе уравнения равновесия (движения) и модифицированного закона Гука, в который включены релаксационные члены, учитывающие длину и время свободного пробега микрочастиц (электронов, атомов, молекул, ионов и др.).
Численное исследование модели показало, что при совпадении собственной частоты колебаний газа с частотой внешней нагрузки возникает резонанс, характеризующийся резким увеличением амплитуды колебаний, величина которой ограничивается коэффициентом трения газа. В случае, когда частота внешней нагрузки близка к собственной частоте колебаний газа, наблюдаются бифуркационно-флаттерные колебания (биения), сопровождающиеся периодическим увеличением и уменьшением амплитуды колебаний в каждой точке пространственной переменной. При этом колебания газа характеризуются бесконечным множеством амплитуд и частот.
Периодические изменения перемещений и давления газа, варьирующиеся от нуля до некоторого максимального значения и распространяющиеся вдоль реактора пиролиза метана, способствуют очистке его внутренних поверхностей от рыхлых углеродных отложений. Удаленный со стенок реактора углерод скапливается в нижней части между двумя газоплотными задвижками, что позволяет удалять его без остановки процесса пиролиза.
Данная модель может быть полезна для оптимизации процессов очистки реакторов и повышения эффективности пиролиза метана.
Muškēnum in Third-Millennium BC Mesopotamia
Authors: Bartash Vitali , Pottorf Andrew
Published: February 2025

This article reexamines the origins and social status of the muškēnū (
maš.gag.en
, etc., “those who prostrate themselves”) in ancient Mesopotamia. Previously thought of as commoners, analysis of third-millennium sources reveals them to be settled outsiders, distinct from citizens of the communities they inhabited. This precarious position necessitated protection from rulers or other powerful figures. Evidence suggests the Semitic Middle Euphrates-Tigris region as the homeland of this phenomenon. Early Dynastic data (ca. 2600–2300 BC) portray the muškēnū as low-status outsiders by placing them in the context of male regular and house-born slaves, menial workers, robbers/seminomads, and female sex workers. Akkadian conquerors brought the phenomenon to Sumer during the twenty-third century BC. The muškēnū lived in imperial centers and traveled between Sumerian cities. The data on the muškēnū become more common during the Ur III period (2110–2003 BC). They lived primarily in royal settlements and on the kingdom’s periphery, suggesting a deliberate policy to establish a loyal social base, and they were “people” rather than “natives” of these towns. Male muškēnū were typically conscripted full time in low-income occupations involved in animal husbandry and cultivation, and they seldom held administrative positions. Male citizens, on the other hand, enjoyed a better economic position with part-time work and additional income opportunities. Few muškēnū women (feminine forms of the term are not attested) might have been forced into penal labor like some citizen women. Sex work was another profession for some muškēnū women, also mirroring the situation for some citizen women. During the Old Babylonian period (2002–1595 BC), muškēnum remained a term for a group of state-protected free individuals distinct from regular citizens of southern Babylonia. What was new is that Babylonian states used this category as a blueprint to conceptualize the entire free population as royal/state subjects, a concept originally alien in the south.
Variation in mammal ecological patterns in response to seasonality in a Brazilian tropical dry forest
Authors: Falcão Maria Luísa , Marinho Paulo Henrique , Venticinque Eduardo Martins
Published: February 2025

The scientific question addressed in this study is how mammals in the Caatinga dry forest of northeast Brazil adapt to seasonal variations, specifically regarding their activity and occupancy patterns and species richness and composition. To investigate, we deployed camera traps across Furna Feia National Park during both wet and dry seasons in 2018. We utilized methods such as rarefaction curves, circular statistics, and occupancy models to analyze data collected from 44 and 40 sampling points during the wet and dry seasons, respectively. We obtained 485 records of 11 mammal species from six orders and nine families, including endangered species like Leopardus tigrinus and Herpailurus yagouaroundi. Notably, we captured the first photographic evidence of a free-living Dicotyles tajacu in Rio Grande do Norte state. Results indicate that some mammals adjust their activity to avoid peak heat, particularly during the dry season, with no significant change in species richness but with important changes in occupancy and relative abundance between seasons. Our research expects to shed light on mammalian ecology in seasonally dry environments, contributing to species management and conservation efforts.
Flux-growth synthesis and structural characterization of R
6Nb4Al43 (R = Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu)
Authors: Patha Shrenik , Bhatt Soham , Tortorella Daniel S. , Donnelly Connor , Bobev Svilen
Published: February 2025

Presented are the flux-growth synthesis and the structural characterization of the series of ternary aluminides R
6Nb4Al43, with R representing the rare-earth elements Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu. Although not new compounds, the structures of R
6Nb4Al43 have not been unequivocally established to date. This study showcases comprehensive structural work that has been carried out using single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods. The nine title compounds are shown to be isotypic and to crystallize in a hexagonal crystal system with space group P63/mcm (no. 193). The crystal structure is rather complex and the structure type adopted is known as Ho6Mo4Al43 (Pearson symbol hP106). Structural refinements from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data in all cases help establish the long range crystallographic ordering and no homogeneity width in any of the R
6Nb4Al43 crystals. There is a monotonic decrease in lattice parameters and unit cell volume with increasing the R-element atomic number, corresponding to the lanthanide contraction and the atomic size reduction across the 4f-series. Anomalous behavior in Yb6Nb4Al43 is observed though, whereby a divergence from this trend in decreasing in the unit cell volume is detected. Although not corroborated by magnetic measurements, we posit that the larger than expected the unit cell volume in Yb6Nb4Al43 is likely due to Yb2+/Yb3+ mixed-valent state, where the closed-shell 4f14 electronic configuration for Yb2+ affects the structural parameters, causing the deviation from the rest of the structures with R
3+ ions.
‘Another brick in the wall’: a step toward a better understanding of the genesis and evolution of the Neolithic in south-eastern and central Europe
Authors: Draşovean Florin
Published: February 2025

Following a time in which dating through the radiocarbon method seemed to take a back seat, recent decades have seen an uptake again. This is due to new technologies used in sample analysis and the new-found ability to combine radiocarbon data with archaeological information via Bayesian statistics, a method devised and developed largely by experts from the United Kingdom. This methodology is now used by most researchers with the purpose of establishing a thorough chronology in archaeology (Bayliss 2015: 677–80).
A Needs Analysis and Recommendations for Physical Assessments and Training Adaptations for Judo Athletes With Visual Impairments: A Brief Review
Authors: Kons Rafael Lima , Weldon Anthony , Bishop Chris , Cloak Ross , Detanico Daniele
Published: February 2025

This article reviews the unique needs, performance aspects, and assessment recommendations for judo athletes with visual impairments. A needs analysis reveals the importance of custom training strategies and environmental adaptations to facilitate training and competition. Performance aspects, including time-motion analysis and match-related performance, are discussed to elucidate the specific demands and movement patterns in judo athletes with visual impairment. In addition, recommendations are proposed to develop standardized protocols for physical assessment and skill evaluation, ensuring the optimization of training strategies. Collaborative research initiatives are recommended to further explore integrating multisensory stimuli and enhance athletic development in this population. By addressing the unique challenges judo athletes with visual impairment face and providing evidence-based recommendations for performance assessment and training optimization, this review contributes to advancing adapted sports science and promoting inclusivity and excellence in judo.
Exploring food and medicine homology: potential implications for cancer treatment innovations
Authors: Li Meng-Yao , Gu Ao , Li Jiatong , Tang Nannan , Matin Maima , Yang Yukun , Zengin Gökhan , Atanasov Atanas G.
Published: February 2025

The concept of food and medicine homology (FMH) is deeply embedded in traditional Chinese medicine and carries historical importance. The recent rigorous definition of FMH pertains to substances that exhibit both pharmacological and nutritional functions, and have active ingredients that are fundamentally non-toxic and appropriate for extended consumption. With the progression of modern biotechnology, the application of this concept in treating diseases has markedly expanded, and its intrinsic mechanisms have been examined in detail. The use of FMH substances in cancer therapy, as either a primary treatment or an adjuvant therapy, has paved the way to low-toxicity cancer treatments. This commentary examines the theoretical underpinnings, potential advantages, and practical applications of FMH substances in cancer prevention, treatment, and nutritional support enhancement. Advantages including low toxicity, long-term edibility, minimal adverse effects, and high patient compliance are discussed. Moreover, owing to its multicomponent and multitarget characteristics, FMH may provide novel opportunities for cancer therapy. Given the high lethality of cancer and associated ethical implications, current research should prioritize fundamental studies investigating potential FMH applications in cancer therapy. Concurrently, preliminary preclinical studies would be appropriate to establish a solid foundation for subsequent clinical trials.
Зміна спектральних характеристик рідкокристаліцічного активного середовища допованого багатошаровими вуглецевими нанотрубками під дією нітроген діоксиду
Authors: Когут І. , Микитюк З. , Качурак Ю. , Вісьтак М. , Блавт О. , Кремер І. , Шимчишин О. , Тимкович Р.
Published: February 2025

В роботі досліджено вплив діоксиду азоту (NO2) на спектральні характеристики рідкокристалінчної суміші, легованої багатошаровими нанотрубками. Рідкокристалічну суміш синтезовано на базі холестеричного рідкого кристалу BLO-61 та  нематика 5CB (26%) із широким діапазоном температур існування мезофази, концентрація нанотрубок становила до 0,7%. Встановлено, що введення нанотрубок в суміш призводить до істотного збільшення чутливості суміші до неорганічних речовин за рахунок збільшення абсорбції. Проведено аналіз зміни спектральних властивостей суміші при різних концентраціях діоксиду азоту в об'ємі сенсора та визначено коефіцієнт спектральної чутливості. Отримані результати вказують на можливе використання цієї суміші як чутливого елемента сенсора для виявлення азотних сполук у майбутньому.