bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural basis and analysis of hamster ACE2 binding to different SARS-CoV-2 spike RBDs
Authors: Niu Sheng , Zhao Zhennan , Liu Zhimin , Rong Xiaoyu , Chai Yan , Bai Bin , Han Pengcheng , Shang Guijun , Ren Jianle , Wang Ying , Zhao Xin , Liu Kefang , Tian Wen-xia , Wang Qihui , Gao George Fu
Published: February 2024

Pet golden hamsters were first identified being infected with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) delta variant of concern (VOC) and transmitted the virus back to humans in Hong Kong in January 2022. Here, we studied the binding of two hamster (golden hamster and Chinese hamster) angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) proteins to the spike protein receptor-binding domains (RBDs) of SARS-CoV-2 prototype and eight variants, including alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and four omicron sub-variants (BA.1, BA.2, BA.3, and BA.4/BA.5). We found that the two hamster ACE2s present slightly lower affinity for the RBDs of all nine SARS-CoV-2 viruses tested than human ACE2 (hACE2). Furthermore, the similar infectivity to host cells expressing hamster ACE2s and hACE2 was confirmed with the nine pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 viruses. Additionally, we determined two cryo-electron microscopy (EM) complex structures of golden hamster ACE2 (ghACE2)/delta RBD and ghACE2/omicron BA.3 RBD. The residues Q34 and N82, which exist in many rodent ACE2s, are responsible for the lower binding affinity of ghACE2 compared to hACE2. These findings suggest that all SARS-CoV-2 VOCs may infect hamsters, highlighting the necessity of further surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in these animals.

IMPORTANCE

SARS-CoV-2 can infect many domestic animals, including hamsters. There is an urgent need to understand the binding mechanism of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants to hamster receptors. Herein, we showed that two hamster angiotensin-converting enzyme 2s (ACE2s) (golden hamster ACE2 and Chinese hamster ACE2) can bind to the spike protein receptor-binding domains (RBDs) of SARS-CoV-2 prototype and eight variants and that pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 viruses can infect hamster ACE2-expressing cells. The binding pattern of golden hamster ACE2 to SARS-CoV-2 RBDs is similar to that of Chinese hamster ACE2. The two hamster ACE2s present slightly lower affinity for the RBDs of all nine SARS-CoV-2 viruses tested than human ACE2. We solved the cryo-electron microscopy (EM) structures of golden hamster ACE2 in complex with delta RBD and omicron BA.3 RBD and found that residues Q34 and N82 are responsible for the lower binding affinity of ghACE2 compared to hACE2. Our work provides valuable information for understanding the cross-species transmission mechanism of SARS-CoV-2.
mSphere of Influence: Targeting bacterial signaling and metabolism to overcome antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Zeden Merve S.
Published: February 2024

Dr Merve Suzan Zeden works in the field of molecular bacteriology and antibiotic resistance. In this mSphere of Influence article, she reflects on how three papers, entitled “c-di-AMP modulates
Listeria monocytogenes
central metabolism to regulate growth, antibiotic resistance and osmoregulation,” “Amino acid catabolism in
Staphylococcus aureus
and the function of carbon catabolite repression,” and “Evolving MRSA: high-level β-lactam resistance in
Staphylococcus aureus
is associated with RNA polymerase alterations and fine tuning of gene expression,” made an impact on her work on bacterial metabolism and antimicrobial resistance and how it shaped her research in understanding the link in between.
Redundant essentiality of AsmA-like proteins in
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Sposato Davide , Mercolino Jessica , Torrini Luisa , Sperandeo Paola , Lucidi Massimiliano , Alegiani Riccardo , Varone Ilaria , Molesini Giorgia , Leoni Livia , Rampioni Giordano , Visca Paolo , Imperi Francesco
Published: February 2024

The outer membrane (OM) is an essential structure of Gram-negative bacteria that provides mechanical strength and protection from large and/or hydrophobic toxic molecules, including many antibiotics. The OM is composed of glycerophospholipids (GPLs) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the inner and outer leaflets, respectively, and hosts integral β-barrel proteins and lipoproteins. While the systems responsible for translocation and insertion of LPS and OM proteins have been elucidated, the mechanism(s) mediating transport of GPLs from the inner membrane to the OM has remained elusive for decades. Very recently, studies performed in
Escherichia coli
proposed a role in this process for AsmA-like proteins that are predicted to share structural features with eukaryotic lipid transporters. In this study, we provide the first systematic investigation of AsmA-like proteins in a bacterium other than
E. coli
, the opportunistic human pathogen
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
. Bioinformatic analyses revealed that
P. aeruginosa
possesses seven AsmA-like proteins. Deletion of
asmA
-like genes in many different combinations, coupled with conditional mutagenesis, revealed that four AsmA-like proteins are redundantly essential for growth and OM integrity in
P. aeruginosa
, including a novel AsmA-like protein (PA4735) that is not present in
E. coli
. Cells depleted of AsmA-like proteins showed severe defects in the OM permeability barrier that were partially rescued by lowering the synthesis or transport of LPS. Since fine balancing of GPL and LPS levels is crucial for OM integrity, this evidence supports the role of AsmA-like proteins in GPL transport toward the OM.

IMPORTANCE

Given the importance of the outer membrane (OM) for viability and antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative bacteria, in the last decades, several studies have focused on the characterization of the systems involved in OM biogenesis, which have also been explored as targets for antibacterial drug development. However, the mechanism mediating translocation of glycerophospholipids (GPLs) to the OM remained unknown until recent studies provided evidence that AsmA-like proteins could be responsible for this process. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that AsmA-like proteins are essential and redundant for growth and OM integrity in a Gram-negative bacterium other than the model organism
Escherichia coli
and demonstrate that the human pathogen
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
has an additional essential AsmA-like protein that is not present in
E. coli
, thus expanding the range of AsmA-like proteins that play key functions in Gram-negative bacteria.
Short-chain fatty acids of various lengths differentially inhibit
Klebsiella pneumoniae
and
Enterobacteriaceae
species
Authors: Chang Kai Chirng , Nagarajan Niranjan , Gan Yunn-Hwen
Published: February 2024

The gut microbiota is inextricably linked to human health and disease. It can confer colonization resistance against invading pathogens either through niche occupation and nutrient competition or via its secreted metabolites. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) are the primary metabolites in the gut as a result of dietary fiber fermentation by the gut microbiota. In this work, we demonstrate that the interaction of single-species gut commensals on solid media is insufficient for pathogen inhibition, but supernatants from monocultures of these commensal bacteria enriched in acetate confer inhibition against anaerobic growth of the enteric pathogen
Klebsiella pneumoniae
. The three primary SCFAs (acetate, propionate, and butyrate) strongly inhibit the intestinal commensal
Escherichia coli
Nissle as well as a panel of enteric pathogens besides
K. pneumoniae
at physiological pH of the cecum and ascending colon. This inhibition was significantly milder on anaerobic gut commensals
Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron
and
Bifidobacterium adolescentis
previously demonstrated to be associated with microbiota recovery after antibiotic-induced dysbiosis. We describe a general suppression of bacterial membrane potential by these SCFAs at physiological cecum and ascending colonic pH. Furthermore, the strength of bacterial inhibition increases with increasing alkyl chain length. Overall, the insights gained in this study shed light on the potential therapeutic use of SCFAs for conferring colonization resistance against invading pathogens in a dysbiotic gut.

IMPORTANCE

Rising antimicrobial resistance has made treatment of bacterial infections increasingly difficult. According to the World Health Organization, it has become a burgeoning threat to hospital and public health systems worldwide. This threat is largely attributed to the global rise of carbapenem-resistant
Enterobacteriaceae
in recent years, with common hospital-acquired pathogens growing increasingly resistant to last-line antibiotics. Antibiotics disrupt the homeostatic balance of the gut microbiota, resulting in the loss of colonization resistance against enteric pathogens. This work describes the ability of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by gut microbiota to be effective against a wide panel of enteric pathogens without major impact on common gut commensal species. We also demonstrate a previously undescribed link between alkyl chain length and antibacterial effects of SCFAs. SCFAs, thus, hold promise as an alternative therapeutic option leveraging on the antimicrobial activity of these endogenously produced gut metabolites without disrupting gut microbiota homeostasis.
Does zircon geochemistry record global sediment subduction?
Authors: Sundell Kurt E. , Macdonald Francis A. , Puetz Stephen J.
Published: February 2024

Global compilations of zircon geochemistry have been used as evidence for changes in plate tectonic styles and surface environments. In particular, zircon δ18O has been used as a proxy for global sediment subduction and incorporation into igneous melts. However, research employing such compilations commonly ignores geologic and geographic context. We analyze a newly georeferenced zircon δ18O database from 1000 Ma to present. The compilation shows positive and negative isotopic excursions, both of which have been interpreted in the context of global phenomena. Sensitivity testing demonstrates that these excursions are the product of regional tectonic environments. Specifically, low Tonian–Cryogenian δ18O, previously interpreted as a climate signal of snowball Earth glacial meltwater, is isolated to ultra-high-pressure rocks of the Dabie Sulu orogen in central Asia, ophiolites in Egypt, and juvenile arc development in Madagascar, predating Cryogenian glaciation. Positive anomalies in the Ediacaran–Cambrian and Devonian, previously interpreted to record snowball Earth erosion and the rise of land plants, are the result of upper-plate, supracrustal sources of Gondwana. A Neogene anomaly is the result of volcanic rocks associated with Yellowstone and Iceland. Sampling bias in zircon geochemical compilations is analogous to that of Lagerstätten (sites of exquisite fossil preservation) and the “monograph effect” (large contributions from individual researchers) in paleontology, which both result in artifacts of over-representation. Long-term zircon δ18O trends broadly track the generation of collisional granites and continental arcs through time, recording the melting of sediments and sedimentary rocks in individual orogens, and not variations in sediment subduction globally.
Significant efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy on the behavioural symptoms of anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis
Authors: Kim Saehyeon , Horiuchi Kohei , Ueda Takehiro , Boku Shuken
Published: February 2024

The common features of anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis are neuropsychiatric symptoms that are often challenging, treatment refractory and take years to recover. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is effective in treating these symptoms in the acute phase, including catatonia and psychiatric issues.

We describe the case of a man in his 30s with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis characterised by neuropsychiatric features and treatment-refractory impulsivity, who was successfully treated with ECT. This case suggests that ECT use for behavioural symptoms can be associated with a significant response and may contribute to faster recovery from the disease.
MyFitnessPal smartphone application: relative validity and intercoder reliability among dietitians in assessing energy and macronutrient intakes of selected Filipino adults with obesity
Authors: Banal Mary Grace , Bongga Demetria , Angbengco Jose Maria , Amarra Sophia , Panlasigui Leonora
Published: February 2024

This study aimed to explore the validity of energy and macronutrient intake estimates provided by a popular nutrition tracking smartphone application. 37 obese Filipino adults and 3 nutritionist–dietitians participated in this study. Participants used MyFitnessPal to log their food intake for 5 days. They also completed paper-based food record forms at the same time. Dietitians then referred to each of the participants’ completed food record forms to log the participants’ food intakes and generated estimates of energy and nutrient intake using the same app. The researcher also referred to the participants’ completed food record forms and generated energy and nutrient intake data using the Food Composition Tables (FCT)—the Philippine reference standard for estimating calorie and nutrient intakes. T-tests showed no statistical difference in energy and macronutrient data generated between participants and dietitians using MyFitnessPal app but Bland-Altman plots showed very weak to moderate agreements. T-tests revealed statistically significant difference between using the MyFitnessPal app and FCT in estimating energy, protein and fat intakes and Bland-Altman plots showed very weak to moderate agreement between MyFitnessPal and FCT. MyFitnessPal was found to underestimate the values for energy, carbohydrates and fat and overestimate values for protein when compared with estimates using FCT. Analysis of variance showed good intercoder reliability among dietitians, with the exception of fat intake estimates. The Goldberg approach showed very low likelihood of misreporting energy intake among the participants in this study. In this study, MyFitnessPal showed poor validity among Filipinos with obesity but with good reliability when used by dietitians. It also showed poor validity relative to the FCT. Prior nutrition knowledge is a factor in ensuring the accuracy of energy and nutrient intake data generated using MyFitnessPal app. It is recommended that users consult with dietitians for guidance on how to use these apps in weight management interventions.
What is known about the health effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use in marathon and ultraendurance running: a scoping review
Authors: Pannone Eve , Abbott Rebecca
Published: February 2024

This systematic scoping review aimed to understand the extent and scope of evidence on the health risks of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use in marathon and ultraendurance running. NSAIDs are commonly consumed by runners to combat pain and inflammation; however, the health risks of consuming these drugs during marathon and ultrarunning events are currently not fully understood. Four databases (Cochrane Library, PubMed, MEDLINE and SPORTDiscus) were searched to identify articles focusing on running events of 26.2 miles or further, and they must have reported on the health risks of NSAID use. There was no restriction on the study design or the date of publication. Thirty studies were ultimately included: 4 randomised controlled trials, 1 cross-sectional study, 11 retrospective reviews, 4 case reports, 1 non-randomised control trial, and 9 prospective observational studies. The literature showed that potential health concerns of NSAID use could be split into five categories: electrolyte balance and hyponatraemia; acute kidney injury (AKI); gastrointestinal disturbances; oxidative stress, inflammation and muscle damage; other medical concerns. None of these sections had clear statistically significant links with NSAID use in ultraendurance running. However, potential links were shown, especially in AKI and electrolyte balance. This review suggests there is very limited evidence to show that NSAIDs have a negative impact on the health of ultrarunning athletes. Indications from a few non-randomised studies of a possible effect on kidney function need exploring with more high-quality research.
Gender disparities in observed motorcycle helmet use in Madagascar: female motorcyclists behave safer but have lower overall protection
Authors: Siebert Felix Wilhelm , Brambati Francois , Silva Ana Luísa , Randrianarisoa Jessé , Perego Paolo
Published: February 2024

Background

Although motorcycle helmets can save lives in case of a crash, no helmet use data are available for many countries. When data is available, it is often only analysed as a global average, preventing targeted road safety education and legislative action. In this study, we conducted a detailed analysis of motorcycle helmet use in the capital of Madagascar.

Methods

Using a cross-sectional observational field survey framework, we observed 17 230 individual motorcycles. We systematically recorded motorcycle riders’ helmet use, position on the motorcycle, rider numbers and gender.

Results

We found a general helmet use of 76.1%. Observeddrivershad a significantly higher helmet use (84.6%) thanpassengers(47.7%), and subsequently helmet use per motorcycle decreased significantly when the number of riders per motorcycle increased. Female drivers had significantly higher helmet use than male drivers, and female passengers had significantly higher helmet use than male passengers. That is, on the same position of the motorcycle, female riders behaved safer than male riders. However, since female riders were more often passengers than drivers, their average helmet use was lower than that of male riders overall. Contrary to findings from other countries, motorcycle helmet use did not differ significantly throughout the day but was relatively constant.

Conclusion

Our results show the potential for injury and fatality prevention in Madagascar through increased passenger helmet use. This increase would also proportionally benefit female riders more than male riders. Findings regarding road safety legislation’s applied impact, education, enforcement and future research needs are discussed.
Understanding the challenges of injury in providing sport programmes for physically inactive women: concept mapping insights from programme deliverers
Authors: Staley Kiera , Donaldson Alex , Mosler Andrea B , O'Halloran Paul , Seal Emma , Forsyth Adrienne , Nicholson Matthew , Forsdike Kirsty , Bruder Andrea Maree
Published: February 2024

Objectives

Injury/poor health is an important barrier to women’s participation in sport and physical activity. This study aimed to identify perceived challenges sport programme deliverers face when supporting physically inactive women to prevent/manage injury.

Methods

Sport programme deliverers, targeting physically inactive women in Victoria, participated in concept mapping to brainstorm, sort and rate (impact on their ability to prevent/manage injury, frequency of and difficulty to overcome the challenge on a 1 (low)–5 (high) scale) the challenges faced. Analysis included multidimensional scaling, hierarchical cluster analysis and descriptive statistics (eg, mean ratings).

Results

Twenty-five deliverers brainstormed 82 injury prevention/management-related challenges. An eight cluster map was considered the most appropriate representation of the participants’ sorting data (mean cluster impact, frequency and difficulty to overcome rating (1–5)): time constraints (3.42, 3.69, 3.12); perceived competence in injury prevention/management (3.36, 3.50, 3.27); navigating participant perceptions and knowledge (3.35, 3.74, 3.49); information and responsibility (3.32, 3.50, 3.26); session planning and structure (3.25, 3.45, 3.07); participant engagement (3.13, 3.47, 3.08); responding to individual needs (3.07, 3.42, 2.92) and access to injury management resources (2.87, 3.25, 3.17).

Conclusion

Limited time created injury prevention/management challenges for programme deliverers when planning and modifying sport programmes for physically inactive women. Injury prevention/management should be integrated into programme design and delivery principles. Programme deliverers need education/training and access to injury prevention/management resources (eg, activity modification) and engagement/communication strategies tailored for physically inactive women. Public health funders, coaching course accreditors, programme designers and deliverers can use these insights to develop strategies to minimise injury risk and effect systemic change in sport programme delivery.
Health inequities and societal costs for patients with fibromyalgia and their spouses: a Danish cohort study
Authors: Amris Kirstine , Ibsen Rikke , Duhn Pernille Hurup , Olsen Judi , Lolk Karoline , Kjellberg Jakob , Kristensen Lars Erik
Published: February 2024

Objective

To assess the burden of illness of people with fibromyalgia (FM) and their spouses compared with selected match populations in Denmark.

Methods

Population-based, cohort case-control study using data from Danish registries from 1994 to 2021. Individuals with an FM diagnosis were identified from the National Patient Register (2008–2019) and randomly matched to a 1:4 general population comparator. Spouses or persons co-living with subjects with FM at the time of diagnosis were compared with matched comparator spouses. Healthcare and societal costs, socioeconomic status and occurrence of comorbidities were evaluated for subjects with FM, spouses and controls.

Results

9712 subjects with FM (94.9% females, mean age 50 years) and 5946 spouses were included. At year of diagnosis, subjects with FM had significantly more comorbidities compared with controls, including significantly more comorbid rheumatic disorders. The highest risk at the time of FM diagnosis was a comorbid diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis (OR 7.0, 95% CI 4.9 to 10.0). Significantly more comorbidities were also observed in spouses. Subjects with FM and spouses had higher healthcare and public transfer costs and lower income from employment at all timepoints. Loss of income from employment in subjects with FM occurred years before establishment of the FM diagnosis. The employment rate after diagnosis was 22%. 10 years after the FM diagnosis, 50% received disability pension as compared with 11% of matched controls. The observed net average increased societal cost for subjects with FM amounted to €27 193 per patient-year after diagnosis.

Conclusion

FM has major health and socioeconomic consequences for patients, their partners and society and call for improved healthcare strategies matching patients’ needs.
Entanglement and Chaos near critical point in strongly coupled Gauge theory
Authors: Karan Debanjan , Pant Sanjay
Published: February 2024

We perform a holographic study of the high and low temperature behaviours of logarithmic negativity (LN) and entanglement wedge cross section (EWCS) in a large N strongly coupled thermal field theory with critical point, having a well defined gravity dual known as 1RC black hole. The bulk theory accommodates a dimensionless parameter $$\xi $$
ξ
, proportional to the charge of the 1RC black hole. Holographically, $$\xi \rightarrow 2$$

ξ
→
2

limit ensures an existence of a critical point in the dual boundary theory. We show that the logarithmic negativity in low and high temperature limits enhances with increasing $$\xi $$
ξ
. We analytically compute the EWCS in low and high temperature limits and find an agreement with the previously reported numerical results. We holographically explore the correlation between two identical copies of thermal field theory with critical point forming a thermofield double state (TFD) by computing the thermo mutual information (TMI). TMI shows an increasing behaviour with respect to the width of the boundary region. Furthermore, we study the chaotic behaviour of the field theory by analyzing a shock wave in the dual eternal 1 RC black hole and then estimate the degradation of TMI. The rate of such disruption of TMI slows down as the value of critical parameter $$\xi $$
ξ
takes higher values.
Thermodynamic Formalism for Continuous-Time Quantum Markov Semigroups: the Detailed Balance Condition, Entropy, Pressure and Equilibrium Quantum Processes
Authors: Brasil Jader E. , Knorst Josué , Lopes Artur O.
Published: February 2024

Let [Formula: see text] denote the set of [Formula: see text] by [Formula: see text] complex matrices. Consider continuous time quantum semigroups [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the infinitesimal generator. If we assume that [Formula: see text], we will call [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] a quantum Markov semigroup. Given a stationary density matrix [Formula: see text], for the quantum Markov semigroup [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], we can define a continuous time stationary quantum Markov process, denoted by [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] Given an a priori Laplacian operator [Formula: see text], we will present a natural concept of entropy for a class of density matrices on [Formula: see text]. Given a Hermitian operator [Formula: see text] (which plays the role of a Hamiltonian), we will study a version of the variational principle of pressure for [Formula: see text]. A density matrix [Formula: see text] maximizing pressure will be called an equilibrium density matrix. From [Formula: see text] we will derive a new infinitesimal generator [Formula: see text]. Finally, the continuous time quantum Markov process defined by the semigroup [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and an initial stationary density matrix, will be called the continuous time equilibrium quantum Markov process for the Hamiltonian [Formula: see text]. It corresponds to the quantum thermodynamical equilibrium for the action of the Hamiltonian [Formula: see text].
Assessing the Feasibility of Implementing Porous Carbon Foam Electrodes Derived from Coal in Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: McArdle Sophie , Dang Quang Anh , Holland Daniel , Marshall Aaron T.
Published: February 2024

The feasibility of carbon foam electrodes derived from coal for the vanadium redox flow battery (VFB) is assessed as a pathway to repurpose mining waste for use in renewable energy storage technologies. Three-electrode, half-cell, and full-cell measurements provide proof-of-concept for coal foam as an electrode material for VFBs. Similarities in physical and chemical properties between the coal foam used here and other VFB electrode materials is characterised via SEM, micro-CT, XPS, MRI, and Raman spectroscopy. We show that significant improvement in electrochemical performance of the coal foam electrodes can be achieved via simple techniques to improve material wetting and remove impurities. The overall characteristics and electrochemical behaviour indicate that coal-derived foam can be feasibly utilised as an electrode material, and with further electrode activation, may provide a competitive solution to both cost-efficient VFBs and waste reduction.
Fast-Charging Li4Ti5O12 Anode Driven by Light
Authors: Ma Yuanyuan , Shen Yaxin , Jeong Heonjae , Lipton Jason , Wang Hang , Maclean Stephen A. , Rӧhr Jason A. , Johnson Christopher S. , Taylor André D.
Published: February 2024

Lithium-ion batteries with fast charging capabilities are crucial for widespread adoption of electric vehicles, as they will increase acceptance of the technology and reduce range anxiety for drivers. To achieve this, advanced fast charging technologies and alternative methods to enhance the slow electrochemical processes are desperately required. This study applied light-emitting diode (LED) photo-assisted fast charging to Li4Ti5O12 (LTO), a large bandgap cubic spinel material, to enhance charging speed through electronic-structure coupling. UV LED-generated light irradiation on to the electrode interface boosted the ion diffusion and lithium cation addition by a factor of 1.3 during electrochemical lithiation, resulting in a 30% decrease in charging time under ambient conditions. Red LED light was not effective in accelerating the reaction as it does not provide sufficient energy. The first-principles calculations support the concept that UV illumination generates charges by overcoming the material’s bandgap and effectively reducing it through the introduction of additional titanium defect states.
Editors’ Choice—Alleviating the Kinetic Limitations of the Li-In Alloy Anode in All-Solid-State Batteries
Authors: Yanev S. , Heubner C. , Nikolowski K. , Partsch M. , Auer H. , Michaelis A.
Published: February 2024

Li-In electrodes are widely applied as counter electrodes in fundamental research on Li-metal all-solid-state batteries. It is commonly assumed that the Li-In anode is not rate limiting, i.e. the measurement results are expected to be representative of the investigated electrode of interest. However, this assumption is rarely verified, and some counterexamples were recently demonstrated in literature. Herein, we fabricate Li-In anodes in three different ways and systematically evaluate the electrochemical properties in two- and three-electrode half-cells. The most common method of pressing Li and In metal sheets together during cell assembly resulted in poor homogeneity and low rate performance, which may result in data misinterpretation when applied for investigations on cathodic phenomena. The formation of a Li-poor region on the separator side of the anode is identified as a major kinetic bottleneck. An alternative fabrication of a Li-In powder anode resulted in no kinetic benefits. In contrast, preparing a composite from Li-In powder and sulfide electrolyte powder alleviated the kinetic limitation, resulted in superior rate performance, and minimized the impedance. The results emphasize the need to fabricate optimized Li-In anodes to ensure suitability as a counter electrode in solid-state cells.
Characterization of Li+ Transport through the Organic-Inorganic Interface by using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
Authors: Naboulsi Agathe , Nguyen Giao T. M. , Franger Sylvain , Fichet Odile , Laberty-Robert Christel
Published: February 2024

Understanding Li+ transport at polymer||inorganic interfaces is crucial for developing composite electrolytes in solid-state batteries. In our investigation, we employed impedance spectroscopy and established a multilayer methodology for assessing Li+ transport at this interface. The inorganic phase chosen was Li6.25Al0.25La3Zr2O12 (Al−LLZO), and the organic phase comprised a Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) network with dangling chains. Li+ incorporation in the polymer, as a free either salt or associated with anion grafting onto the PEO network, was explored. Additionally, the PEO network was either pressure-adhered to the inorganic surface (ex-situ configuration) or synthesized onto the Al−LLZO surfaces (in situ configuration) to investigate processing effects on Li+ transport. Using a Transmission Line Model for impedance data analysis, our study identified two key elements governing Li+ transport at the interface: Ri, representing resistance along the ionic pathway, and Rt and Ct, describing distributed resistance and capacitance within the interface. We observed that Ri is influenced by the polymerization process in the presence of Al−LLZO ceramic, while Rt remains constant regardless of the synthesis method. This suggests varying Li+ concentrations at the interphase in the in situ configuration, while interface/interphase heterogeneity remains consistent across configurations. The estimated activation energy indicates more energetically favorable direct Li+ transport in the in−situ configuration.
Potential–Dependent BDAC Adsorption on Zinc Enabling Selective Suppression of Zinc Corrosion for Energy Storage Applications
Authors: Phung Theodore , Sinclair Nicholas , Akolkar Rohan
Published: February 2024

Utility-scale zinc (Zn) batteries are a promising solution to address the problem of intermittency of renewable energy sources; however, Zn-metal anodes in these batteries suffer from capacity loss due to spontaneous corrosion of the Zn especially when high-surface area anode configurations are employed. Additionally, Zn dendrites are known to form during battery charging limiting the cycle-life of these batteries. Electrolyte additives have been explored that prevent aforementioned issues, but these too come at a cost, i.e., surface-blocking additives polarize the electrode surface leading to loss in the voltaic and energy efficiencies of the battery. In this contribution, a novel electrolyte additive, benzyldimethylhexadecylammonium chloride (BDAC), is investigated for its ability to suppresses corrosion of Zn in an acidic (pH = 3) electrolyte. An attribute of BDAC distinct from previously studied additives is that it selectively suppresses electrochemical activity when the Zn electrode is at its corrosion potential; however, during high-rate Zn deposition (charging) or stripping (discharging), BDAC is essentially deactivated and thus it does not appreciably polarize the electrode surface, thus minimizing voltaic efficiency losses. This selective corrosion suppression behavior is explored using slow-scan voltammetry, which reveals hysteresis implying a potential- or current-dependent BDAC adsorption mechanism in which BDAC reaches higher surface coverages when the partial currents at the Zn surface are low (e.g., at or near the corrosion potential), but BDAC coverage is reduced considerably when the Zn deposition or stripping rates are increased. Numerical simulations of the BDAC diffusion-adsorption process corroborate this mechanism. Ramifications of our approach to the selective suppression of Zn dendrites are discussed.
Investigation of GaN-Based Micro-LEDs with Effective Tetramethylammonium Hydroxide Treatment
Authors: Wang Zhen-Jin , Ye Xin-Liang , Su Li-Yun , Tu Wei-Chen , Yang Chih-Chiang , Su Yan-Kuin
Published: February 2024

This study investigates the effects of TMAH treatment on 5 μm-sized GaN-based Micro LEDs. Compared with untreated GaN Micro LEDs, the optical output power and external quantum efficiency of TMAH treated Micro LEDs are significantly improved. These results can be attributed to the formation of microstructures on the sidewall of Micro LEDs through the TMAH treatment and the effective light reflection is therefore constructed. This research not only improves the characteristics of LEDs, but also paves the way for green and advanced optoelectronic devices.
Fabrication and Development of a Biomass-Based Supercapacitor with Enhanced Energy Storage Characteristics
Authors: Yaquin Haziqul , Dheep G. Raam , Verma Yogesh Kumar
Published: February 2024

In this work, a raw carbon waste parali biomass is collected to develop a supercapacitor. The activated carbon developed is characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field effect scanning electron microscope (FESEM), Energy dispersive spectroscope (EDS), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analyses. The porous and crystalline activated carbon achieved a remarkably high carbonaceous value of 99.85% carbon from 35.71% in raw state. The specific surface area obtained is 151.42 m2 g−1 and the porosity (average pore diameter) is 2–10 nm of the optimized activated carbon. The activated carbon is explored as electrode material for supercapacitor in aqueous electrolyte and the specific capacitance was found to be a maximum of 247 F g−1 at 1.2 A g−1 to a stable value of 180 F g−1 at 10 A g−1. The symmetrical supercapacitor device, featuring electrodes composed of carbon material, attains an impressive energy density of 54 Wh kg−1 along with outstanding coulombic efficiency and stability. The laboratory prototype supercapacitor has successfully powered consumer electronics, such as a DC (direct current) motor for 12.5 min and an LED (Light emitting diode) bulb for 14 min, on a single charge in each case.
Numerical Investigation of Supercooled Large Droplets Impingement Characteristics of the Rotating Spinner
Authors: Jia Wei , Zhang Feng
Published: February 2024

Aircraft engine icing caused by supercooled large droplets (SLD) poses a significant threat to flight safety. In this paper, the SLD impingement characteristics of the rotating spinner were investigated using FLUENT UDS and the governing equations for water droplet motion were solved based on the Eulerian method. The droplet breakup was simulated using the number density equation, while the droplet rebound and splashing were simulated using a semiempirical model. The effects of rotational speed, droplet diameter, and inflow velocity on the SLD impingement characteristics of the rotating spinner were studied. Some new valuable insights have been found for the SLD impingement. The results indicated that as the rotational speed increases, the local collection efficiency of the rotating spinner decreases. Higher rotational speed results in reduced droplet impingement angle and stronger droplet rebound and splashing. For the droplets with diameters smaller than 111 μm, the local collection efficiency increases with the increase of the droplet diameter. However, when the droplet diameter exceeds 111 μm, the local collection efficiency decreases near the leading edge of the rotating spinner. Additionally, the local collection efficiency decreases as the inflow velocity increases near the leading edge of the rotating spinner. However, higher inflow velocities lead to larger droplet impingement angles, resulting in higher local collection efficiency near the tail of the rotating spinner. The critical impingement angle increases with the increase of the inflow velocity, leading to a more pronounced rebound and splashing of SLD. The research in this paper provides useful help for ice shape prediction and anti-icing system design of rotating spinner in SLD environment.
RND3 Potentiates Proinflammatory Activation through NOTCH Signaling in Activated Macrophages
Authors: de Ávila María José Romero , López-López Susana , García-Blázquez Aarón , Ruiz-García Almudena , González-Gómez María Julia , Nueda María Luisa , Baladrón Victoriano , Pérez-Roger Ignacio , Poch Enric , Ballester-Lurbe Begoña , García-Ramírez José Javier , Monsalve Eva M. , Díaz-Guerra María José M.
Published: February 2024

Macrophage activation is a complex process with multiple control elements that ensures an adequate response to the aggressor pathogens and, on the other hand, avoids an excess of inflammatory activity that could cause tissue damage. In this study, we have identified RND3, a small GTP‐binding protein, as a new element in the complex signaling process that leads to macrophage activation. We show that RND3 expression is transiently induced in macrophages activated through Toll receptors and potentiated by IFN‐γ. We also demonstrate that RND3 increases NOTCH signaling in macrophages by favoring NOTCH1 expression and its nuclear activity; however, Rnd3 expression seems to be inhibited by NOTCH signaling, setting up a negative regulatory feedback loop. Moreover, increased RND3 protein levels seem to potentiate NFκB and STAT1 transcriptional activity resulting in increased expression of proinflammatory genes, such as Tnf‐α, Irf-1, or Cxcl-10. Altogether, our results indicate that RND3 seems to be a new regulatory element which could control the activation of macrophages, able to fine tune the inflammatory response through NOTCH.
Development of a Cancer Pathway Support Guide for Patients and Carers: A Codesign Project
Authors: Bhuiya Afsana , Cavanagh Sharon , Nestor Catherine , Fomina Maria , Ahmed Ihsan , Von Wagner Christian , Hirst Yasemin
Published: February 2024

Background. Cancer diagnosis is a complex and multifaceted process that can be stressful and anxiety-provoking for patients. Evidence-based tools and information aids that can be used for guiding and supporting patients during cancer investigations and after diagnosis are limited. This paper presents a user-centred codesign project that aims to develop a cancer pathway support tool for patients, carers, and healthcare professionals. Method. A mixed-method codesign approach was used including prototype development (January–March 2022), three online codesign workshops (April–June 2022), one-to-one feedback, and beta testing informed by the standardised Theoretical Framework of Acceptability (TFA) questionnaire (July–October 2022). Nine individuals with lived experience of cancer contributed to the project and are referred to as codesigners. Results. The codesigners valued the potential importance of a tool that can be used by the patients and carers if they want specific information about cancer investigations, diagnosis, and treatment. The ability to select what they need as opposed to long leaflets and generating their own questions for the healthcare providers were highlighted as important aspects of improving patient care. The tool was collectively designed to provide clear definitions of the cancer care pathway and easily accessible links from trusted resources and includes practical information to minimise the burden that can be experienced from preparation for appointments and tests. Beta testing results with a small sample of potential users including patients, carers, and healthcare providers (n = 23) showed high acceptability of the guide (range = 7–35, mean = 28.52, and standard deviation = 3.88) based on the TFA questionnaire. Conclusion. A cancer pathway support tool called “Your Cancer Pathway Support Guide (YCPSG)” was developed as a result of an iterative codesign process aiming to improve patient experience and outcomes for people referred on a suspected cancer pathway or who have been diagnosed with cancer. The tool provides information and support in both digital and PDF formats. Further studies are needed to evaluate the potential impact of “Your Cancer Pathway Support Guide” on patient outcomes and experience and the wider system.
Mediator Effects of Cognitive Load on Association between Self-Efficacy and Task Load in Intensive Care Unit Nurses
Authors: Tingting P. , Xun D. , Jun W. , Shu D. , Shan Z.
Published: February 2024

Aims. To explore the mediating effect of cognitive load on the relationship between self-efficacy and task load among intensive care unit (ICU) nurses. Background. Studies related to ICU nurses’ self-efficacy, cognitive load, and task load are noteworthy but limited. Methods. A total of 253 ICU nurses from three tertiary hospitals in Beijing were recruited and investigated by the Chinese version of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration-Task Load Index (NASA-TLX), General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), and an instrument for Measuring Different Types of Cognitive Load (MDT-CL) scales. SPSS 25.0 was used for Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis and mediation effect analysis using Model 4 in PROCESS (5,000 resamples). Results. Mediation analysis indicated that a partial mediating effect of extraneous cognitive load between self-efficacy and task load among ICU nurses was −0.707 (95% CI: −0.940, −0.504), accounting for 51.64% of the total effect. Conclusion. This study suggests that enhancing ICU nurses’ self-efficacy can be a potential strategy to decrease extraneous cognitive load and task load. Implications for Nursing Management. Nursing administrators should actively implement intervention strategies based on influencing the task load pathway of ICU nurses to ensure they can provide safe and high-quality nursing services.
Enhancing Aotearoa, New Zealand’s Free Healthline Service through Image Upload Technology
Authors: Wilson Miriama K. , Pienaar Fiona , Large Ruth , Wright Matt , Todd Verity F.
Published: February 2024

Background. Healthline is one of the 39 free telehealth services that Whakarongorau Aotearoa/New Zealand Telehealth Services provides to New Zealanders. In early 2021, an image upload system for viewing service user-uploaded images was implemented into the Healthline service. Aims. The aim of this research was to understand the utilisation of Healthline’s image upload system by clinicians and service users in New Zealand. Methods. This is a retrospective observational study analysing Healthline image upload data over a two-year period: March 2021 through to December 2022. A total of 40,045 images were analysed, including demographics of the service users who uploaded an image: ethnicity, age group, and area of residence. The outcome or recommendation of the Healthline call was also assessed based on whether an image was included. Results. Images uploaded accounted for 6.0% of total Healthline calls (n=671,564). This research found that more service users were advised to go to an Emergency Department if they did not upload an image compared to service users who used the tool (13.5% vs. 7.7%), whereas a higher proportion of service users were given a lower acuity outcome if they included an image, including visiting an Urgent Care (24.0% vs. 16.9%) and GP (36.7% vs. 24.3%). Conclusion. Service users who did not upload an image had a higher proportion of Emergency Department outcomes than service users who did use the tool. This image upload tool has shown the potential to decrease stress on Emergency Departments around Aotearoa, New Zealand, through increased lower acuity outcomes.
Does Pre‐existing Diabetes Correlate with Long COVID‐19 in Europe? Evidence from the Analysis of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe’s Corona Surveys
Authors: Cuschieri Sarah , Wilk Piotr
Published: February 2024

Background. A substantial proportion of those infected with COVID‐19 are presenting with persistent symptoms, referred to as long COVID‐19. Emerging evidence suggests that the presence of pre‐existing chronic conditions, such as diabetes, may increase the risk of long COVID‐19. Objectives. To investigate whether having pre‐existing diabetes increases the risk of developing long COVID‐19 in the population of middle‐aged and older adults (≥50 years old) in Europe, while assessing if this relationship can be accounted for or is modified by the known long COVID‐19 and diabetes risk factors (age, sex, hospitalization, pre‐existing hypertension, and weight status). Methods. A population‐based longitudinal prospective study involving a sample of respondents aged 50 years and older (n = 4,004) with probable or confirmed COVID‐19 infection from 27 countries that participated in both waves 7 and 8 of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe and its 2020 and 2021 Corona Surveys. Logistic regression modeling was performed. Results. Overall, 66.8% of the respondents affected by COVID‐19 infection reported at least one long COVID‐19 symptom; 55.2% were female, and the average age was 64.6 years; 13.2% had pre‐existing diabetes. Respondents with pre‐existing diabetes had significantly higher odds of developing long COVID‐19, compared to those without diabetes (OR = 1.37; 95% CI = 1.12, 1.68). This relationship remained significant (OR = 2.00; 98% CI = 0.25, 1.14) after adjusting for sex (OR = 1.64 for females; 95% CI = 1.43, 1.88), hospitalization for COVID‐19 illness (OR = 3.19; 95% CI = 2.41, 4.23), pre‐existing hypertension (OR = 1.17; 95% CI = 1.01, 1.36), and overweight (OR = 1.31; 95% CI = 1.11, 1.56) and obese (OR = 1.77; 95% CI = 1.44, 2.19) weight status. The effect of pre‐existing diabetes on the risk of long COVID‐19 is moderated by age; it was highest at the age of 50 (OR = 2.00; 95% CI = 1.28, 3.14), and then, it declined with age. Conclusions. There is a relationship between pre‐existing diabetes and long COVID‐19, even after controlling for literature‐based confounding factors, with age having a moderating effect on this relationship.