bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Speed Bumper for Power Generation
Authors: Ramly Mohammad Rizal , Asrokin Azharrudin , Yaacob A.M. , Abd Rahman Safura , Zulkefli Nur Faraihan , Fiteri Mohamad
Published: September 2015

Researches are always thinking of a way to produce power to fuel due to the needs of the world today. In broad, green energy source such as thermal, hydroelectric, solar and wind turbine has become popular, but it does not limit to new idea generation of power. One of new discovery is the use of solar window, the manufacturing and cost of the panel is still in an early stage where the price of the panel is considered quite expensive. In this paper, the speed bump is used as a main component for power generation. Generally, for safety issues, the speed bump is put into an area where the vehicle needs to slow down. During this, a vehicle weight contact with the speed bump and therefore energy is created. This energy can be reused to power traffic light, light post or supply general electricity to a particular building. Basically, the concept of kinetic energy is discussed in general besides the design and development of a power generating speed bump. However, the efficiency and the durability are looked into consideration. In conclusion, the innovative design of the speed bump as a power generation seems to be promising, and it offers opportunities for new innovation power producing device on the road.
Matlab Simulink Simulation of Respiratory Effort Energy Harvester Using Electromagnetic Generator
Authors: Ali Azuwa , Razali Noor Ashikin Mohd , Albreem Mahmoud , Arshad Mohd Hafiz , Khalid Khairuddin
Published: September 2015

Electromagnetic generator as respiratory effort energy harvester is designed as a renewable energy source to generate a low power and exploiting human motion to extract energy. By selecting respiratory effort as energy harvester it can be carried out 24 hours as long as the electromagnetic generator is wearing on the human chest. It is because the electromagnetic generator functions when there is a motion of the chest wall. The electromagnetic generator basically constructed with two miniature dc motor generator, pulley, belt, gear and chest belt. The generator operates when there is change in chest wall circumstance during exhalation breathing process. The low power that produces can be apply on low power devices such as sensor or microcontroller. Simulation is done using Matlab Simulink to verify that respiratory effort able to produce the minimum required power to power up low power devices. Result from the simulation showing good outcome with 2.5mW of output power.
Enhancement of Intrinsic Carrier Concentration in the Active Layer of Solar Cell Using Indium Nitride Quantum Dot
Authors: Humayun M.A. , Rashid M.A. , Malek F. , Yaakob S.B. , Abdullah A.Z. , Yusoff M.I. , Misrun M.I. , Shasidharan G.N.
Published: September 2015

This paper presents the improvement of intrinsic carrier concentrations in the active layer of solar cell structure using Indium Nitride quantum dot as the active layer material. We have analyzed effective density of states in conduction band and valance band of the solar cell numerically using Si, Ge and InN quantum dot in the active layer of the solar cell structure in order to improve the intrinsic carrier concentration within the active layer of the solar cell. Then obtained numerical results were compared. From the comparison results it has been revealed that the application of InN quantum dot in the active layer of the device structure improves the effective density of states both in conduction band and in the valance band. Consiquently the intrinsic carrier concentration has been improved significently by using InN quantum dot in the solart cell structure.
Solving Emission Dispatch Problem with Multiple Fuel Option by Using Differential Evolution Immunized Ant Colony Optimization Technique
Authors: Rahmat Nur Azzammudin , Musirin Ismail , Abidin Ahmad Farid , Ahmad Mohd Redzuan
Published: September 2015

Emission dispatching is conducted to calculate the lowest amount of emission while generating satisfying output to the load demand. The utilities are restricted by emission regulation that limits the emission level to a certain amount. This paper proposes emission dispatch with multiple fuel option (EDMFO) to determine the optimal emission level. The EDMFO allows the operators to select different type of fuel according to the generation level and requirement. The emission dispatch problem is optimized by using Differential Evolution Immunized Ant Colony Optimization (DEIANT) technique. Validation process is conducted by comparing DEIANT with several optimization approaches including ACO and EP. The comparison took places in IEE 57-Bus RTS. Results indicate that DEIANT is superior in terms of calculating the lowest emission level, lower operating cost and the best selection of fuel according to the generation requirement.
Parameter Estimation for Dynamic Model of Distribution Network Cell (DNC) Using Fuzzy System
Authors: Fazliana Fadzail Noor , Zali Samila Mat , Zahalan Arizadayana , Alif Ismail Mohd
Published: September 2015

The aim of this project is to develop parameter estimation for dynamic model of distribution network cell (DNC) using fuzzy system. The parameter value was updated through adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). The active and reactive power responses from the fuzzy model were compared with the response from the full DNC model at various types of disturbances. The response of full DNC model was obtained from the UK 11 kV distribution network model. The model was built in DigSILENT PowerFactory software. The results obtained shown that the fuzzy model was more simple as only a few parameters involved in developing the equivalent model. This simplicity was reflected in the low computational time. In conclusion, the parameter estimation using fuzzy system was successfully developed.
Energy Efficient Microcontroller Based Wireless Transceiver Module for Robotic Vehicle
Authors: Bilal Sarwar Muhammad , Perumal N. , Baharudin Zuhairi , Sundaram Muthuvalu Mohana
Published: September 2015

A low power, cost effective and energy efficient microcontroller (PIC 16F877A) based transceiver model has been presented. The designed model entails a combination of programmable microcontroller and relay circuitry to control the robotic vehicle through transceiver module. The model was simulated in a Mikro C environment, for communication signals from controlling side. The simulation results show an energy efficiency of 73%, with a distance of 20 meters for robotic vehicle. The results are in good agreement with theoretical understandings and show a greater efficiency, with low power consumption and reduced complexity. The simulations are found recurrent with stable findings and deemed compatible for applications.
Feasibility Study of Arduino Microcontroller Usage for IPMC Actuator Control
Authors: Rosly Muhammad Aliff , Shaari Muhammad Farid , Samad Zahurin
Published: September 2015

This paper investigates the usage of Arduino microcontroller to control closed loop of IPMC actuator response designed for compact underwater application. We demonstrate control of single Ionic Polymer Metal Composite (IPMC) actuator by PID controller using MATLAB/Simulink Arduino Input Output (ArduinoIO) support package. Experimental results show that the microcontroller able to differentiate response speed and stability of IPMC actuator with different thicknesses. Based on Arduino data acquisition results, thinner IPMC (t1) has more than 5 times respond speed than thicker IPMC (t2). However, IPMC t1 has lower steady-state stability (higher noise) compared to IPMC t2 due to IPMC actuator mechanism factors and current setup limitation for Arduino microcontroller. Therefore, added with further improvements in term of analog read sampling rate and analog write resolution, Arduino microcontroller can accurately control and analyse the IPMC actuator, thus manage to replace expensive and bulky current DAQ hardware.
Feature Extraction and Optimum Part Deposition Orientation for FDM
Authors: Karim Khairul Fauzi , Hazry D. , Zulkifli A.H. , Ahmed S. Faiz , Razlan Zuradzman Mohamad , Khairunizam Wan , Bakar Shahriman A.B.
Published: September 2015

Support generation is an essential for Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) process which is dependent on part deposition orientation. Various part deposition orientation result in formation of different support and non-support features. Present work focuses on extracting the support features containing Externally-Supported Features (ESF) which are able to determine the volume and number of support structure. The methodology proposed in this work uses these information as an input for Artificial Neural Network (ANN) in order to automate the selection of optimum part deposition orientation. The results produced in present methodology can be predicted and are in agreement with the results published earlier.
The Relationship of Training on Manufacturing Capabilities among Electrical and Electronic Manufacturers in Malaysia
Authors: Amlus M.H. , Abdullah Ahmad Zaidi , Ibrahim Amlus , Mokhtarudin H.
Published: September 2015

Generally, manufacturing capability is the important factor in running and developing business. Hence, this research is aimed to identifying the relationships of critical factors and make sure the companies can survive in the northern region of Malaysia. Those identified factors are training and manufacturing capabilities. Through the email survey, a total of 89 companies representing electrical and electronic industries had responded. The hypotheses involved were tested using correlation and regression techniques. The results of the study support all the hypotheses. The multiple regression analysis indicates that there are significant relationships among the factors on each criterion to manufacturing capabilities. While hierarchical multiple regression analysis was carried out to test the role of moderating in the relationship between independent variables with dependent variables. It is believed that results of this study will be beneficial for shareholders and directors of companies to apply these manufacturing capabilities.
B7-H1 Selectively Controls TH17 Differentiation and Central Nervous System Autoimmunity via a Novel Non–PD-1–Mediated Pathway
Authors: Herold Martin , Posevitz Vilmos , Chudyka Daria , Hucke Stephanie , Groß Catharina , Kurth Frank , Leder Christoph , Loser Karin , Kurts Christian , Knolle Percy , Klotz Luisa , Wiendl Heinz
Published: September 2015

It is currently acknowledged that TH17 cells are critically involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). In this article, we demonstrate that signals delivered by the coinhibitory molecule B7-homologue 1 (B7-H1) via a B7-homologue 1 mouse-IgG2aFc (B7-H1-Ig) fusion protein nearly abolish TH17, but not TH1 and TH2, differentiation via direct interaction with the T cell. These effects were equally pronounced in the absence of programmed death-1 or B7.1 and B7.2 on the T cell side, thus providing clear evidence that B7-H1 modulates T cell differentiation via a novel receptor. Mechanistically, B7-H1 interfered with early TCR-mediated signaling and cytokine-mediated induction of the TH17-determining transcription factors retinoic acid-related orphan receptor γ t and IFN regulator factor-4 in a programmed death-1 and B7-independent fashion. In an animal model of MS, active myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein–induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, B7-H1-Ig exhibited a significant and long-lasting effect on disease severity upon administration during the first 5 d of the priming phase, which was accompanied by reduced TH17 responses in the periphery and within the CNS. Importantly, B7-H1-Ig was even capable of interfering with T cell encephalitogenicity when interaction with the T cells occurred after priming using an adoptive transfer experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model. In line with this, both naive human CD4+ T cells and differentiated TH17 effector cells from MS patients were highly sensitive toward B7-H1-Ig–mediated TH17 suppression. Together, we propose the existence of a novel B7-H1–mediated immune-regulatory pathway in T cells, which selectively limits murine and human TH17 cell responses and might be therapeutically exploited to control TH17-mediated autoimmunity.
Comportamiento de la audiencia de televisión en las redes sociales. Una aproximación al perfil y programas más comentados
Authors: Gómez-Aguilar Marisol , Paniagua Rojano Francisco Javier , Farias Batlle Pedro
Published: September 2015

El artículo analiza el perfil de la audiencia de televisión y su comportamiento en las redes sociales desde diferentes puntos de vista, y según tipos de programas y según sus contenidos. Metodología. Se propone una encuesta telefónica asistida por ordenador (CATI, en sus siglas inglesas), cuyo universo es la población española mayor de 18 años. Se realizaron 1.201 entrevistas con un error de muestreo absoluto para las estimaciones de porcentajes referidas del total de la muestra del +2,8 por ciento, bajo un nivel de confianza del 95,5 por ciento. La elección del hogar se efectuó por muestreo aleatorio simple, y la selección de la persona atendiendo al sexo, edad y zonas geográficas. Resultados. Los programas más comentados en las redes sociales son los de ficción, entretenimiento y deportivos, aún así existen matices según se profundiza en la edad, el sexo y el nivel formativo de la audiencia. Conclusiones. Se constata que estamos ante una tendencia al alza, si bien es recomendable realizar un estudio de contenido detallado para profundizar en la actitud y los temas tratados en televisión que ganan fuerza también en el debate en la red.
Program evaluation as community-engaged research: Challenges and solutions
Authors: Reed Richard
Published: September 2015

This article reflects on the challenges and opportunities that have arisen in the course of evaluative research into the impact of a number of schools’ engagement programs at Macquarie University, Sydney. It maps out how the research has been conceived and then operationalised as an engaged model of research that includes consultations and collaborations at multiple stages of the research, from conception to dissemination. The article then considers a number of the challenges that have arisen and, in the context of current understanding of best practice in community-engaged research, discusses some of the strategies that were deployed in response to these challenges. By critically examining the limitations of these responses, the article ultimately reinforces the argument that the complexities of engaged research mean that the perfectly engaged research project remains, in most cases, an impossible myth. Instead, community-engaged research should be seen as an approach to research, or an attitude to embed into practice, which ultimately requires embracing a ‘can always do better’ approach to conducting research and a commitment to collaboration and democratic practice that goes beyond the immediate context of the research project.Keywords: Evaluative research, evaluation, community-engaged research, collaboration
Simulating the formation of carbonaceous aerosol in a European Megacity (Paris) during the MEGAPOLI summer and winter campaigns
Authors: Fountoukis C. , Megaritis A. G. , Skyllakou K. , Charalampidis P. E. , Denier van der Gon H. A. C. , Crippa M. , Prévôt A. S. H. , Freutel F. , Wiedensohler A. , Pilinis C. , Pandis S. N.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. We use a three dimensional regional chemical transport model (PMCAMx) with high grid resolution and high resolution emissions (4 km × 4 km) over the Paris greater area to simulate the formation of carbonaceous aerosol during a summer (July 2009) and a winter (January/February 2010) period as part of the MEGAPOLI (Megacities: Emissions, urban, regional, and Global Atmospheric POLlution and climate effects, and Integrated tools for assessment and mitigation) campaigns. Model predictions of carbonaceous aerosol are compared against Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer and black carbon (BC) high time resolution measurements from three ground sites. PMCAMx predicts BC concentrations reasonably well reproducing the majority (70 %) of the hourly data within a factor of two during both periods. The agreement for the summertime secondary organic aerosol (OA) concentrations is also encouraging (mean bias = 0.1 μg m−3) during a photochemically intense period. The model tends to underpredict the summertime primary OA concentrations in the Paris greater area (by approximately 0.8 μg m−3) mainly due to missing primary OA emissions from cooking activities. The total cooking emissions are estimated to be approximately 80 mg d−1 per capita and have a distinct diurnal profile in which 50 % of the daily cooking OA is emitted during lunch time (12:00–14:00 LT) and 20 % during dinner time (20:00–22:00 LT). Results also show a large underestimation of secondary OA in the Paris greater area during wintertime (mean bias = −2.3 μg m−3) pointing towards a secondary OA formation process during low photochemical activity periods that is not simulated in the model.
Comparing model and measured ice crystal concentrations in orographic clouds during the INUPIAQ campaign
Authors: Farrington R. J. , Connolly P. J. , Lloyd G. , Bower K. N. , Flynn M. J. , Gallagher M. W. , Field P. R. , Dearden C. , Choularton T. W.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. This paper assesses the reasons for high ice number concentrations observed in orographic clouds by comparing in-situ measurements from the Ice NUcleation Process Investigation And Quantification field campaign (INUPIAQ) at Jungfraujoch, Switzerland (3570 m a.s.l.) with the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) simulations over real terrain surrounding Jungfraujoch. During the 2014 winter field campaign, between the 20 January and 28 February, the model simulations regularly underpredicted the observed ice number concentration by 103 L−1. Previous literature has proposed several processes for the high ice number concentrations in orographic clouds, including an increased ice nuclei (IN) concentration, secondary ice multiplication and the advection of surface ice crystals into orographic clouds. We find that increasing IN concentrations in the model prevents the simulation of the mixed-phase clouds that were witnessed during the INUPIAQ campaign at Jungfraujoch. Additionally, the inclusion of secondary ice production upwind of Jungfraujoch into the WRF simulations cannot consistently produce enough ice splinters to match the observed concentrations. A surface flux of hoar crystals was included in the WRF model, which simulated ice concentrations comparable to the measured ice number concentrations, without depleting the liquid water content (LWC) simulated in the model. Our simulations therefore suggest that high ice concentrations observed in mixed-phase clouds at Jungfraujoch are caused by a flux of surface hoar crystals into the orographic clouds.
The impact of vibrational Raman scattering of air on DOAS measurements of atmospheric trace gases
Authors: Lampel J. , Frieß U. , Platt U.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. In remote sensing applications, such as differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS), atmospheric scattering processes need to be considered. After inelastic scattering on N2 and O2 molecules, the scattered photons occur as additional intensity at a different wavelength, effectively leading to "filling-in" of both solar Fraunhofer lines and absorptions of atmospheric constituents, if the inelastic scattering happens after the absorption. Measured spectra in passive DOAS applications are typically corrected for rotational Raman scattering (RRS), also called Ring effect, which represents the main contribution to inelastic scattering. Inelastic scattering can also occur in liquid water, and its influence on DOAS measurements has been observed over clear ocean water. In contrast to that, vibrational Raman scattering (VRS) of N2 and O2 has often been thought to be negligible, but it also contributes. Consequences of VRS are red-shifted Fraunhofer structures in scattered light spectra and filling-in of Fraunhofer lines, additional to RRS. At 393 nm, the spectral shift is 25 and 40 nm for VRS of O2 and N2, respectively. We describe how to calculate VRS correction spectra according to the Ring spectrum. We use the VRS correction spectra in the spectral range of 420–440 nm to determine the relative magnitude of the cross-sections of VRS of O2 and N2 and RRS of air. The effect of VRS is shown for the first time in spectral evaluations of Multi-Axis DOAS data from the SOPRAN M91 campaign and the MAD-CAT MAX-DOAS intercomparison campaign. The measurements yield in agreement with calculated scattering cross-sections that the observed VRS(N2) cross-section at 393 nm amounts to 2.3 ± 0.4 % of the cross-section of RRS at 433 nm under tropospheric conditions. The contribution of VRS(O2) is also found to be in agreement with calculated scattering cross-sections. It is concluded, that this phenomenon has to be included in the spectral evaluation of weak absorbers as it reduces the measurement error significantly and can cause apparent differential optical depth of up to 3 ×10−4. Its influence on the spectral retrieval of IO, glyoxal, water vapour and NO2 in the blue wavelength range is evaluated for M91. For measurements with a large Ring signal a significant and systematic bias of NO2 dSCDs (differential slant column densities) up to (−3.8 ± 0.4) × 1014 molec cm−2 is observed if this effect is not considered. The effect is typically negligible for DOAS fits with an RMS (root mean square) larger than 4 × 10−4.
Ionosonde measurements in Bayesian statistical ionospheric tomography with incoherent scatter radar validation
Authors: Norberg J. , Virtanen I. I. , Roininen L. , Vierinen J. , Orispää M. , Kauristie K. , Lehtinen M. S.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. We validate two-dimensional ionospheric tomography reconstructions against EISCAT incoherent scatter radar measurements. Our tomography method is based on Bayesian statistical inversion with prior distribution given by its mean and covariance. We employ ionosonde measurements for the choice of the prior mean and covariance parameters, and use the Gaussian Markov random fields as a sparse matrix approximation for the numerical computations. This results in a computationally efficient and statistically clear inversion algorithm for tomography. We demonstrate how this method works with simultaneous beacon satellite and ionosonde measurements obtained in northern Scandinavia. The performance is compared with results obtained with a zero mean prior and with the prior mean taken from the International Reference Ionosphere 2007 model. In validating the results, we use EISCAT UHF incoherent scatter radar measurements as the ground truth for the ionization profile shape. We find that ionosonde measurements improve the reconstruction by adding accurate information about the absolute value and the height distribution of electron density, and outperforms the alternative prior information sources. With an ionosonde at continuous disposal, the presented method enhances stand-alone near real-time ionospheric tomography for the given conditions significantly.
Responses of leaf traits to climatic gradients: adaptive variation versus compositional shifts
Authors: Meng T.-T. , Wang H. , Harrison S. P. , Prentice I. C. , Ni J. , Wang G.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. Dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) typically rely on plant functional types (PFTs), which are assigned distinct environmental tolerances and replace one another progressively along environmental gradients. Fixed values of traits are assigned to each PFT; modelled trait variation along gradients is thus driven by PFT replacement. But empirical studies have revealed "universal" scaling relationships (quantitative trait variations with climate that are similar within and between species, PFTs and communities); and continuous, adaptive trait variation has been proposed to replace PFTs as the basis for next-generation DGVMs. Here we analyse quantitative leaf-trait variation on long temperature and moisture gradients in China with a view to understanding the relative importance of PFT replacement vs. continuous adaptive variation within PFTs. Leaf area (LA), specific leaf area (SLA), leaf dry matter content (LDMC) and nitrogen content of dry matter were measured on all species at 80 sites ranging from temperate to tropical climates and from dense forests to deserts. Chlorophyll fluorescence traits and carbon, phosphorus and potassium contents were measured at 47 sites. Generalized linear models were used to relate log-transformed trait values to growing-season temperature and moisture indices, with or without PFT identity as a predictor, and to test for differences in trait responses among PFTs. Continuous trait variation was found to be ubiquitous. Responses to moisture availability were generally similar within and between PFTs, but biophysical traits (LA, SLA and LDMC) of forbs and grasses responded differently from woody plants. SLA and LDMC responses to temperature were dominated by the prevalence of evergreen PFTs with thick, dense leaves at the warm end of the gradient. Nutrient (N, P and K) responses to climate gradients were generally similar within all PFTs. Area-based nutrients generally declined with moisture; Narea and Karea declined with temperature, but Parea increased with temperature. Although the adaptive nature of many of these trait-climate relationships is understood qualitatively, a key challenge for modelling is to predict them quantitatively. Models must take into account that community-level responses to climatic gradients can be influenced by shifts in PFT composition, such as the replacement of deciduous by evergreen trees, which may run either parallel or counter to trait variation within PFTs. The importance of PFT shifts varies among traits, being important for biophysical traits but less so for physiological and chemical traits. Finally, models should take account of the diversity of trait values that is found in all sites and PFTs, representing the "pool" of variation that is locally available for the natural adaptation of ecosystem function to environmental change.
Toward a practical approach for ergodicity analysis
Authors: Wang H. , Wang C. , Zhao Y. , Lin X. , Yu C.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. It is of importance to perform hydrological forecast using a finite hydrological time series. Most time series analysis approaches presume a data series to be ergodic without justifying this assumption. This paper presents a practical approach to analyze the mean ergodic property of hydrological processes by means of autocorrelation function evaluation and Augmented Dickey Fuller test, a radial basis function neural network, and the definition of mean ergodicity. The mean ergodicity of precipitation processes at the Lanzhou Rain Gauge Station in the Yellow River basin, the Ankang Rain Gauge Station in Han River, both in China, and at Newberry, MI, USA are analyzed using the proposed approach. The results indicate that the precipitations of March, July, and August in Lanzhou, and of May, June, and August in Ankang have mean ergodicity, whereas, the precipitation of any other calendar month in these two rain gauge stations do not have mean ergodicity. The precipitation of February, May, July, and December in Newberry show ergodic property, although the precipitation of each month shows a clear increasing or decreasing trend.
Passive soil heating using an inexpensive infrared mirror design – a proof of concept
Authors: Rasmussen C. , Gallery R. E. , Fehmi J. S.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. There is a need to understand the soil system response to warming in order to model the soil process response to predicted climate change. Current methods for soil warming include expensive and difficult to implement active and passive techniques. Here we test a simple, inexpensive in situ passive soil heating approach, based on easy to construct infrared mirrors that do not require automation or enclosures. The infrared mirrors consisted of 61 × 61 cm glass panels coated with infrared reflecting film. The mirrors as constructed are effective for soil heating in environments typified by an open vegetation canopy. Mirror tests were performed on three soils of varying texture, organic matter content, and heat capacity in a warm semi-arid environment. Results indicated that the infrared mirrors yielded significant heating and drying of soil surface and shallow subsurface relative to unwarmed control treatments, and that warming and drying effects were soil specific with greater potential warming on soils with lower volumetric heat capacity. Partial shading from the mirror frame did produce periods of relative cooling at specific times of the day but overall the mirrors yielded a net soil warming. The results demonstrate proof of concept that the infrared mirrors may be used to passively heat the near soil surface, providing an inexpensive, low-maintenance alternative to other passive and active soil heating technologies.
Inter-comparison and evaluation of sea ice algorithms: towards further identification of challenges and optimal approach using passive microwave observations
Authors: Ivanova N. , Pedersen L. T. , Tonboe R. T. , Kern S. , Heygster G. , Lavergne T. , Sørensen A. , Saldo R. , Dybkjær G. , Brucker L. , Shokr M.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. Sea ice concentration has been retrieved in polar regions with satellite microwave radiometers for over 30 years. However, the question remains as to what is an optimal sea ice concentration retrieval method for climate monitoring. This paper presents some of the key results of an extensive algorithm inter-comparison and evaluation experiment. The skills of 30 sea ice algorithms were evaluated systematically over low and high sea ice concentrations. Evaluation criteria included standard deviation relative to independent validation data, performance in the presence of thin ice and melt ponds, and sensitivity to error sources with seasonal to inter-annual variations and potential climatic trends, such as atmospheric water vapour and water-surface roughening by wind. A selection of 13 algorithms is shown in the article to demonstrate the results. Based on the findings, a hybrid approach is suggested to retrieve sea ice concentration globally for climate monitoring purposes. This approach consists of a combination of two algorithms plus dynamic tie points implementation and atmospheric correction of input brightness temperatures. The method minimizes inter-sensor calibration discrepancies and sensitivity to the mentioned error sources.
Psychoanalysis of Jack London’s The Call of the Wild and White Fang
Authors: Yang Hongyan
Published: September 2015

The Call of the wild and White Fang both are masterpieces of Jack London. The protagonists Buck and White Fang are the incarnation of Jack himself to some extent for the two novels reveal a great deal of the writer. This essay aims at psychoanalyzing Jack London’s creative process, the Oedipus complex and the confliction between his dreams what he had been aspiring for and his real life.
De afstand tussen burger en rechter
Authors: Malsch Marijke
Published: September 2015

The distance between the public and the judiciary

The distance between the public and the judiciary takes two forms: a punitivity gap and an accessibility gap. This article discusses both types of gap and elaborates on the issue of whether the existence of these gaps influences confidence in the judiciary. From the literature, it appears that the public is generally of the opinion that courts sentence too leniently. However, experiments show that when citizens receive information on a specific case, they become less punitive. Information provision may also help to bridge an accessibility gap, as does actual citizen involvement in the administration of justice. The relation between the gaps discussed and confidence in the judiciary is not clear as yet. The article discusses methods generally used to assess confidence and suggests that confidence may be increased by a reduction of the two gaps.
Research on a Master Manipulator Using an Isometric Interface for Translation in Robotic Surgery
Authors: Kim In , Kanno Takahiro , Tadano Kotaro , Kawashima Kenji
Published: September 2015

In surgery with a master-slave type of surgical robot, an anisometric interface is often used. The working range of the master side is limited, so repositioning is required. Any repositioning from the master side will disturb the robot's operation. In this study, an operation interface is proposed that uses only the operator's force input for translational directions. A force sensor is used to detect this input. A gimbal mechanism is mounted on the sensor which allows for rotation. The rotation accounts for the operator's input rotation, and as a result the mechanism can now match the input. This allows the operator to concentrate on the slave side and control the robot without repositioning. The authors developed the proposed interface to control the pneumatically driven slave robot. The block transfer experiments confirmed that the proposed interface has nearly the same performance as conventional interfaces.
Geo-Mapping and Visual Stitching to Support Landmine Detection Using a Low-Cost UAV
Authors: Colorado Julian , Mondragon Ivan , Rodriguez Juan , Castiblanco Carolina
Published: September 2015

This paper describes the development of an aerial system applied for the terrain mapping and geo-detection of explosive landmine-like objects. In practice in Colombia, a large percentage of the anti-personnel mines that still remain across the country are hand-crafted and partially exposed on the terrain's surface so that they can be triggered. This scenario facilitates the use of a vision-based approach for the detection of these artifacts. Our goal is to integrate computer vision algorithms within a low-cost UAV robot suited for the Colombian scenario. The aerial system enables: (i) terrain mapping based on a visual stitching method to generate a mosaic image of the covered terrain, and (ii) the visual detection of landmine-like objects in real-time. Despite the hardware drawbacks and the camera limitations of the used UAV, we demonstrate that our low-cost platform could be used as a complementary tool for demining missions in Colombia. After briefly reviewing the state of the art regarding the use of robots for mine clearance, we present a field report that confirms the feasibility of our aerial-based system featuring in approximate scenarios.
Nuno Ramos e os confrontos entre as linguagens: da obra visual à obra literária Cujo (e vice e versa)
Authors:   Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Arcuri Christiane Pereira
Published: September 2015

Neste estudo conferimos à obra literária Cujo (1993), de Nuno Ramos (1960), algumas impressões sobre sua obra visual da mesma década. Como um registro de ateliê, Cujo torna-se um meio para Nuno Ramos expressar-se como artista visual (como num relato diário) e como um narrador (por meio de passagens metafóricas) ao descrever e traduzir o próprio procedimento de elucubração estética e de criação artístico-conceitual. Através da escrita aforismática, Nuno Ramos nos leva a pensar sobre a possível correspondência entre a narrativa literária e a especificidade matérica concentrada nas composições visuais - mesmo que efêmeras e híbridas. As vozes de Nuno Ramos enfatizam um processo de “transmutação”, ou seja, uma “tradução intersemiótica” que contrapõe signos linguísticos a outros tipos de signos, aproximando, dessa maneira, palavras e “coisas” e criando o efeito de narrativas sobre as materialidades do mundo.
PROGRAMA DE PRÁTICAS EXPRESSIVAS, POR MEIO DA ARTE, NA ESCOLA BÁSICA
Authors:   Universidade Tuiuti do paraná, Barreira Dulcineia Beatriz , Camargo Denise de
Published: September 2015

Em nossa sociedade, que apresenta muitos problemas sociais, a escola pode cumprir um importante papel na formação humana, oferecendo um ensino que enfatize o desenvolvimento sensível, integrando as várias áreas do conhecimento e incentivando as competências sociais e emocionais. De acordo com texto dos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais a educação deve estar comprometida com a cidadania, o que significa contemplar as questões sociais e ambientais como objeto de reflexão. Para isso, deve-se pensar a educação interligada com áreas da atividade humana que desenvolvem a sensibilidade e a emoção: a arte e a estética. Entende-se que uma educação que tenha a arte como colaboradora, pode auxiliar na formação de uma sociedade mais humanizada. Esta pesquisa avaliou um Programa de atividades expressivas através da Arte, em uma escola de ensino básico, com o objetivo de contribuir com a formação humana.
MARCUS VINÍCIUS E O PERCURSO DO ACÚMULO AO CORPO INJETO: ENTRE O OBJETO DO DESEJO E A OBRA DE ARTE
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Xavier Danilo Moreira
Published: September 2015

As obras do artista performer Marcus Vinícius, analisadas neste artigo, propõem uma compreensão do corpo do artista enquanto um suporte factível ao acúmulo. Diante do objeto do desejo, o artista agencia interlocuções em meio às percepções iminentes do espaço inserido e dos afetos com esse objeto entrelaçados ao seu interior. Com base nos estudos do filósofo francês Georges Bataille, sobre o conceito de Erotismo, as obras de Marcus Vinicius interpelam a denominação Corpo Injeto, tratando-o como um suporte viável aos entrelaçamentos com a obra de arte, através do acúmulo da matéria formal e conceitual sobre esse corpo que produz.
Las agendas interinstitucionales ambientales: un instrumento para la resolución de conflictos ambientales
Authors: Güiza Suárez Leonardo , Londoño Toro Beatriz , Rodríguez Barajas Cristhian David , Zuluaga Juliana
Published: September 2015

Modern society has been saturated by countless environmental conflicts that cause a flagrant violation of human rights. This article focuses on Interinstitutional Environmental Agendas as an appropriate instrument for the resolution of such conflicts through the construction of agreements between the stakeholders involved. Based on theoretical considerations and analysis of the implementation of an interinstitutional environmental agenda in an area of paramo located in the township of Soacha (Cundinamarca), the purpose is to provide methodological and conceptual elements and propose steps that should be considered for the implementation and execution of this instrument.
Sufragio femenino en Chile: origen, brecha de género y estabilidad, 1935-2009
Authors: López Varas Miguel Ángel , Gamboa Valenzuela Ricardo
Published: September 2015

Women’s suffrage was introduced in two steps in Chile: first for local elections in 1934 and later extended to all elections in 1949. This article analyzes the legislative process and the effects of women’s enfranchisement in Chile from a temporal perspective through a documentary and quantitative analysis, by means of ecological inference. Firstly, we argue that the political parties’ strategic calculations about the possible consequences of the women’s vote were fundamental for explaining the Chilean route to women’s suffrage. Secondly, we maintain that the incorporation of women into the electorate did not cause any significant electoral instability. Thirdly, our study of the gender gap shows that even though it favored right-wing and reformist-center parties for a long time, this effect has diminished considerably with the passing of time.
Migrant Women and Labour Integration in Catalonia: The Impact of New Information and Communication Technologies
Authors: Vancea Mihaela , Boso Álex
Published: September 2015

This article uses data from 35 semi-structured interviews of migrant women from three different ethnic backgrounds living in Catalonia to explore the use of ICTs in their economic integration. The results show that the three groups of migrant women studied perceive ICTs as important instruments of economic integration, though they tend to use them rather marginally for this purpose. The mediating role of network capital is not forthcoming, bridging social networks being rather a consequence than a determinant of migrant women’s economic integration. Digital connectivity does not seem to cancel out the relevance of traditional variables of social inequality such as education, age, or origin. Young educated women, and particularly of Romanian and Ecuadorian origins, tend to make a better use of ICTs for their economic integration in Catalonia.
La experiencia de la traducción como apropiación simbólica y práctica ritual en los nasa, Colombia
Authors: Tocancipá-Falla Jairo
Published: September 2015

In general terms, the idea of translating offers a conventional sense of bridging the linguistic gaps between different languages. However, the implications of undertaking such a task among ethnic groups are rarely examined, at least in a practical sense that transcends the plane of a mere understanding of the words. This thoughtful article seeks to document the experience of translating a book from English into Spanish (the latter being a generalized language amongst the Nasa people in southwestern Colombia) and its symbolic and ritual appropriation. The article argues that this type of experience shows a way of understanding and appropriating writing as a symbolic instance of power and transformation, and thus it contributes to transcending the conventional concept of translation and entering new intercultural domains.
Story of the Tower of Babel in the Samaritan Book Asatir as a Historical Midrash on the Samaritan Revolts of the Sixth Century C.E.
Authors: Stadel Christian
Published: September 2015

The Asatir is a collection of Samaritan midrashim on parts of the Torah, which reached its final form in the tenth or eleventh century. It embellishes the pericope of the Tower of Babel with a number of surprising details: The Tower of Babel was built on a mountain and had a beacon attached to its top; the mount with the tower and the valley of Shinar are compared to Mt. Gerizim and the valley of Shechem. It is argued that these embellishments were introduced in order to read the story of the Tower as a blueprint for historical events surrounding the Church of Mary Theotokos, which was built by the Emperor Zenon on Mt. Gerizim and partly destroyed by the Samaritans in their revolts against Byzantium in the sixth century. The exegetical technique of reading contemporaneous history into the biblical text is discussed from a broader comparative perspective.
An Introduction to Tantric Philosophy: The Paramārthasāra of Abhinavagupta with the Commentary of Yogarāja. Translated by Lyne Bansat-Boudon and Kamaleshadatta Tripathi. Introduction, notes, critically revised Sanskrit text, appendix, indices by Lyne B
Authors: Nemec John
Published: September 2015

An Introduction to Tantric Philosophy: The Paramārthasāra of Abhinavagupta with the Commentary of Yogarāja. Translated by Lyne Bansat-Boudon and Kamaleshadatta Tripathi. Introduction, notes, critically revised Sanskrit text, appendix, indices by Lyne Bansat-Boudon. Routledge Studies in Tantric Traditions, vol. 3. London: Routledge, 2011. Pp. 462 + xiv. $150 (paperback rpt., 2013, $42.95.)
Understanding Wisdom Literature: Conflict and Dissonance in the Hebrew Text. By David Penchansky
Authors: Brown William P.
Published: September 2015

Understanding Wisdom Literature: Conflict and Dissonance in the Hebrew Text. By David Penchansky. Grand Rapids, Mich.: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 2012. Pp. xii + 120. $20 (paper).
A Companion to Biblical Interpretation in Early Judaism. Edited by Matthias Henze
Authors: Ulmer Rivka
Published: September 2015

A Companion to Biblical Interpretation in Early Judaism. Edited by Matthias Henze. Grand Rapids,

Mich.: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 2012. Pp. xv + 568. $50 (paper).
Sculpting Idolatry in Flavian Rome: (An)Iconic Rhetoric in the Writings of Flavius Josephus. By Jason von Ehrenkrook
Authors: Dawson Kathy Barrett
Published: September 2015

Sculpting Idolatry in Flavian Rome: (An)Iconic Rhetoric in the Writings of Flavius Josephus. By Jason von Ehrenkrook. Early Judaism and Its Literature, vol. 33. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2011. Pp. xiv + 226. $29.95 (paper).
Molybdenum‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylations
Authors: Moberg Christina
Published: September 2015

Molybdenum‐catalyzed nucleophilic substitutions of allylic acetates and carbonates proceed with high site‐ and stereoselectivity. Monosubstituted allylic substrates yield branched products, in contrast to what is commonly observed in reactions catalyzed by palladium complexes. High enantioselectivities are observed in the presence of pyridinylamide and oxazolinylamide ligands. The range of nucleophiles that undergo reaction is somewhat limited and includes malonates, cyano esters, α‐imino esters and lactones, oxalactimes, and oxindoles.

The reactions proceed via oxidative addition of the substrate to a ligated Mo(0) species forming an asymmetric η3‐allylmolybdenum(II) complex, coordination of the nucleophile to the metal, and final reductive elimination to form the product. Overall retention of configuration is observed as a result of retentive oxidative addition and retentive nucleophilic attack.

Equilibration of intermediate η3‐allyl complexes is usually rapid in comparison to nucleophilic attack, which leads to the formation of a single major η3‐allyl complex. As a consequence, close to equal mixtures of enantiomers and constitutional isomers are obtained from enantioenriched or racemic branched substrates as well as from linear substrates.
Insights on earthquake triggering processes from early aftershocks of repeating microearthquakes
Authors: Lengliné O. , Ampuero J.‐P.
Published: September 2015

Characterizing the evolution of seismicity rate of early aftershocks can yield important information about earthquake nucleation and triggering. However, this task is challenging because early aftershock seismic signals are obscured by those of the mainshock. Previous studies of early aftershocks employed high‐pass filtering and template matching but had limited performance and completeness at very short times. Here we take advantage of repeating events previously identified on the San Andreas Fault at Parkfield and apply empirical Green's function deconvolution techniques. Both Landweber and sparse deconvolution methods reveal the occurrence of aftershocks as early as few tenths of a second after the mainshock. These events occur close to their mainshock, within one to two rupture lengths away. The aftershock rate derived from this enhanced catalog is consistent with Omori's law, with no flattening of the aftershock rate down to the shortest resolvable timescale ∼0.3 s. The early aftershock rate decay determined here matches seamlessly the decay at later times derived from the original earthquake catalog, yielding a continuous aftershock decay over timescales spanning nearly 8 orders of magnitude. Aftershocks of repeating microearthquakes may hence be governed by the same mechanisms from the earliest time resolved here, up to the end of the aftershock sequence. Our results suggest that these early aftershocks are triggered by relatively large stress perturbations, possibly induced by aseismic afterslip with very short characteristic time. Consistent with previous observations on bimaterial faults, the relative location of early aftershocks shows asymmetry along strike, persistent over long periods.