bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Angle-Weighted Time-to-Collision Algorithm for Enhanced Obstacle
Avoidance in Autonomous Driving
Authors: Zhu Shaopeng , Tang Yuanning , Li Bing , Wang Xiaoliang , Chen Huipeng
Published: January 2025

To tackle the challenge of accurately predicting collision times for autonomous
vehicles navigating complex dynamic obstacles, this paper proposes an innovative
Angle-Weighted Time-to-Collision (AW-TTC) algorithm. Traditional TTC algorithms
are known for their computational simplicity and strong real-time performance,
making them widely applicable across various driving scenarios. However, they
often struggle with predictive accuracy when encountering obstacles moving at
angles, which can delay vehicle response and compromise overall safety. To
address this limitation, this study introduces a modification to the traditional
TTC algorithm by incorporating an angle-based weighting factor, improving
collision time prediction accuracy. A Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) experimental
setup was developed, utilizing a Vehicle Control Unit (VCU) and the SCANeR
simulation platform to simulate dynamic obstacles in complex traffic scenarios.
The AW-TTC algorithm’s performance was then evaluated, particularly in
predicting collision times for obstacles with motion angles. Experimental
results demonstrate that the AW-TTC algorithm significantly enhances predictive
accuracy, achieving an average improvement of 0.8 seconds in collision time
estimates compared to traditional TTC algorithms. Furthermore, it enables an
increase in maximum vehicle speed by 4 km/h while maintaining safety standards.
In summary, the AW-TTC algorithm not only improves collision time prediction
accuracy in complex traffic scenarios but also enhances the system’s ability to
manage angled obstacles effectively. These results highlight its potential as a
reliable solution for obstacle avoidance in future autonomous driving systems,
ensuring both safety and performance.
Modeling and Experimental Study on Evaporation of Vehicle Fuel
Tank
Authors: Zheng Yushuo , Yu Xiaohong , Yao Zhuoxiao , Feng Yifang , Li Zhijun , Chen Tao
Published: January 2025

In the existing evaporation emission control and monitoring system, it is still
necessary to popularize and develop more suitable evaporation emission
monitoring, diagnosis and control methods. This study developed a design for the
control system of evaporative emissions in hybrid vehicles, focusing on
monitoring and controlling fuel evaporative emissions. A fuel evaporation model
for automotive fuel tank was established. In this study, the key component of
vehicle evaporative emission system, the fuel tank, is modeled and simulated.
Through 6-hour and 12-hour experimental studies on fuel evaporation
characteristics inside the tank, measurements were taken to determine the amount
of evaporation under different liquid levels, temperatures, and vibration
states. When the temperature increased from 12°C to 17°C and then further to
28°C, the rate of fuel evaporation increased by 25% and 50%, respectively. The
increase in temperature significantly enhanced the rate of evaporation. A
detailed simulation model for fuel evaporation was established by studying its
composition as well as characteristics specific to different types of fuels.
This allowed for the prediction of both components present during evaporation as
well as their respective quantities. The average accuracy of evaporation model
is 92.7%. providing a foundation for the subsequent development of carbon
canister adsorption models.
First Principle Study of Catalyst’s Influence on Self-Inhibition
Effect and By-Products Formation of Lean NOx Trap
Authors: Liu Mingli , Liu Yaodong , Qu Hanshi , Duan Jiaquan , Zhang Qiqi , Qian Dingchao , Wang Zhenxi , He Zhentao
Published: January 2025

Lean NOx trap is a dedicated DeNOx catalyst for lean hybrid gasoline engines.
Noble metals (usually platinum group metals) play the role of catalytic sites
for NOx oxidation and reduction, which have significant impact of the
performance of LNT. This work focuses on the influence of noble metal catalysts
on self-inhibition effect from the view of competitive adsorption between NO and
CO, and investigates the influence of CO self-inhibition effect on the main
by-product of LNT: N2O formation. Adsorption configurations for NO,
CO and N2O on noble metal clusters supported by
γ-Al2O3(100) are confirmed. For detailed
investigation, electron structures are analyzed by investigating Bader charge,
DOS (density of state), charge density differences and COHP (crystal orbital
Hamilton population) of selected configurations.The results show that CO
self-inhibition effect is caused by competitive adsorption between CO and NO.
The essence of competitive adsorption between CO and NO is that adsorption
process of CO and NO on catalytic sites is similar. Excessive adsorption of CO
on the catalytic site occupies the catalytic site and limits the NO adsorption
and subsequent processes, making NO conversion efficiency decrease. Competitive
adsorption between CO and NO will limit NO adsorption and dissociation, thus
limiting N2O formation. Meanwhile, stronger adsorption of
N2O on catalytic sites will make N2O desorption
difficult.
Design And Bench Verification of PSO-Optimized Fuzzy PI Control
Strategy for PMSM Based on UAV Flight Load Simulation
Authors: Du Wentao , Zhu Jingyu , Wang Zhenyu , Wang Chao , Geng Heming , Liu Kun
Published: January 2025

The development of the electrification technology of unmanned aerial vehicle
(UAV) puts forward higher requirements for the control performance and
verification methods of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). In this
paper, a fuzzy PI control strategy based on a particle swarm optimization (PSO)
algorithm is proposed to optimize the parameters of the PI controller and
improve the dynamic response and control accuracy of PMSM. Firstly,
Matlab/Simulink is used to build an online vector control model of PMSM, and the
PSO algorithm is used to optimize the controller parameters online to adapt to
the dynamic characteristics of the motor under different working conditions.
Secondly, a current reconstruction scheme is designed, which reshapes the
current waveform by sampling at the center point of the pulse width modulation
(PWM) signal to make it closer to the ideal sine wave, so as to improve the
motor operation efficiency. Finally, Speedgoat is used to build a HiL hardware
in-loop simulation platform for UAV electrification applications. HiL simulated
the load torque of the UAV propeller and loaded it to the test motor, and the
drive motor realized closed-loop control according to the flight speed command.
The response speed and anti-interference ability of fuzzy PI control strategy
based on PI, fuzzy PI, and particle swarm optimization algorithm are compared
and analyzed experimentally.The results show that, compared with the traditional
PI control algorithm and fuzzy PI control algorithm, the speed amplitude of the
PSO-optimized fuzzy PI control technology is reduced by about 50% at low speed
and 30% at high speed under typical flight condition curve. The effectiveness of
the algorithm is proved. This study effectively verifies the high responsiveness
and robustness of the proposed control method, and also verifies the
effectiveness of the designed semi-physical hardware in the loop simulation
platform.
Comparison of Matrix-Torque-Component Machines with Regular IPMs for
New-Energy Vehicles
Authors: Sun Pengcheng , Jia Shaofeng , Yang Dongxu , Liang Deliang
Published: January 2025

New-energy vehicles (NEVs) are gaining increasing attention as global efforts
focus on reducing carbon emissions and dependence on fossil fuels. The motor
drive system, a core technology of electric vehicles, has become a prominent
research focus in both academia and industry. This paper investigates a novel
matrix-torque-component machine (MTCM) that has been proposed for use in
electric vehicles in recent years. First, the paper introduces the topology and
torque generation mechanism of MTCM and IPMs. For comparison, an MTCM and a
detailed model of the Toyota Prius 2010 interior permanent magnet machine (IPM)
are developed. The torque capacity, loss distribution, and operational
performance are then compared sequentially. Results indicate that the
torque-generating capacity of the MTCM is higher than that of the IPM.
Additionally, the MTCM performs better in low-speed, high-torque ranges.
Therefore, the MTCM shows promising application potential in electric heavy-duty
trucks and as a replacement for IPMs in dual-motor architectures.
Research on the Characteristics of an Integrated Thermoelectric
Generation, Catalytic Conversion, and Noise Suppression System
Authors: Wu Ji-Xin , Su Chu-Qi , Wang Yi-Ping , Yuan Xiao-Hong , Liu Xun
Published: January 2025

In the context of global energy shortages and increasing environmental pollution,
improving energy efficiency in automobiles has become a key area of research.
Traditional internal combustion engines exhibit low energy conversion
efficiency, with a significant portion of fuel energy wasted as exhaust heat. To
address this issue, this paper proposes an integrated thermoelectric generation,
catalytic conversion, and noise suppression system (ITGCMS) aimed at recovering
waste heat from vehicle exhaust, while optimizing emissions and noise reduction
through the combination of a catalytic converter and a muffler. A
three-dimensional model was established using COMSOL software to thoroughly
analyze the system's thermoelectric generation, catalytic conversion, and
acoustic performance. The study found that Model B demonstrated the best
thermoelectric performance, with an average surface temperature of 300.2°C and a
more uniform temperature distribution across the thermoelectric modules.
Additionally, Model B exhibited the highest catalytic conversion efficiency,
with a flow velocity uniformity coefficient of 0.78 at the catalyst inlet,
significantly outperforming the other models. Moreover, all three models showed
effective noise reduction, particularly in the high-frequency range, and
achieved better transmission loss across the entire frequency spectrum compared
to traditional mufflers. Exhaust pressure loss increased with intake speed, but
the differences between the models were minimal. Overall, Model B demonstrated
the most comprehensive improvement in energy efficiency, emissions reduction,
and noise optimization. This study provides a valuable theoretical basis and
technical support for enhancing energy efficiency in the automotive industry,
offering new directions for the future application of thermoelectric generation
technology in vehicle exhaust systems.
Research on the Optimization of Metal Bipolar Plate Welding Process
Based on Box-Behnken Design-Response Surface Method
Authors: Li Wei , Chang Guofeng , Xu Huasheng , Huang Ziheng
Published: January 2025

Metal bipolar plates are important components of fuel cells, playing a role in
conducting electricity, gas, and heat during the operation of fuel cells. The
sealing and joint quality of the bipolar plates have a significant impact on the
performance and service life of fuel cell stacks. In actual production, laser
technology is often used for welding bipolar plates, and the welding quality is
ensured by laser process parameters when using the same equipment. Therefore, in
order to further optimize the laser welding process of metal bipolar plates,
this paper selects three laser parameters for single-factor analysis to evaluate
the impact of each parameter on laser welding quality. The Box-Behnken
design-response surface method is used for multi-factor analysis, with process
parameters as inputs and weld quality parameters as outputs, to assess the
sensitivity of each laser process parameter to laser welding quality, and to fit
a nonlinear function. Based on the results, the optimal welding process window
is derived to improve the quality of the welds in the actual welding process.
Finally, a comprehensive welding quality assessment system is established on the
premise of reducing costs and improving quality.
Formulation of Power Spectral Density of Fuel Cell Stacks in
Different Vehicle Models Based on Road Driving Conditions
Authors: Wang Guozhuo , Wu Zhen , Guo Ting , Wu Shiyu , Liang Rongliang , Nie Zhenyu
Published: January 2025

The durability of fuel cell vehicle (FCV) has always been one of the key factors
affecting its large-scale application. However, the durability test methods of
FCV and its key components, fuel cell stack (FCS), are incomplete all over the
world, especially the lack of vibration test method on FCV. Focused on the FCS,
this paper collects the road load spectrum of different vehicle models in their
typical working conditions, so as to obtain the power spectral density of FCS of
different vehicle models, which is used as the input signal of durability test.
Through the FCS testing and analysis of fuel cell passenger car, bus, tractor
and cargo van, the results show that the vibration intensity in three directions
of FCS of different models is basically less than that of power battery, and
only the FCS of fuel cell bus is greater than that of power battery in the
direction of vehicle travel.
Fault Diagnosis Strategy for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Based on PSO-BP Neural Network Using Particle Swarm Optimization
Algorithm
Authors: Wang Ze , Zhu Shaopeng , Chen Ping , Li Congxin , Zhou Wenhua
Published: January 2025

This paper presents a fault diagnosis strategy that integrates model-based and
data-driven approaches for a 115 kW proton exchange membrane fuel cell used in
vehicles. First, a stack subsystem model was developed in the MATLAB/Simulink
platform based on the working principles and structure of PEMFC, and validated
with experimental data. Subsequently, faults in the air and hydrogen inlet
pipelines were simulated, and the resulting fault data were subjected to
preprocessing steps, including cleaning, normalization, and feature extraction,
to enhance the efficiency of subsequent data processing. Finally, a BP neural
network optimized by particle swarm optimization was employed to achieve fault
tree-based classification diagnosis. Experimental results indicate that the
diagnosis accuracy of the BP neural network reached 96.04%, with an additional
accuracy improvement of approximately 2.4% after PSO optimization.
Analysis of Factors Affecting the Gel Point of Methanol-Water-Sodium
Stearate Mixed Gel
Authors: Weiheng Liu , Hui Zhu , Jiawei Pan , Jing Wu , Jingyu Wang , Lei Fu , Yangyang Li
Published: January 2025

This study determined the gel point of methanol-water-sodium stearate mixed gels
at various concentrations of water and gelling agent by monitoring turbidity
changes during the sol-gel transition. The gel points determined by turbidity
measurements were further validated by monitoring changes in electrical
conductivity during the sol-gel process at various concentrations of water and
gelling agent. Molecular dynamics simulations were also conducted to further
corroborate the gel points determined experimentally. The turbidity test results
showed that the gel point was 20°C for the 3% gelling mixture and 35°C for the
5% gelling mixture. Mixed gels with 10% water content and 3% gelling agent
content have a gel spot of 33°C.The electrical conductivity tests revealed that
the average gel points for mixed gels with different water contents were 16.75°C
(0%), 25.1°C (5%), and 32.4°C (10%). The average gel points for different
gelling agent contents were 16.75°C (3%), 23.55°C (4%), and
38.75°C(5%).According to the results, the gelling agent content can
significantly affect the gel point of the mixed gel. The addition of water can
also improve the gel point of the mixed gel. The diffusion coefficients of pure
water molecules during the equilibrium process of 273K were used to determine
the gel points of different water-containing gels, which were 314K (5%) and 318K
(10%), respectively. By fitting the high and low temperature data of the
diffusion coefficient, the gel points of the gelling mixture containing only
gelling agent were 297.19K (3%), 303.18K (4%), and 309.91K (5%),
respectively.
Application Status and Function Analysis of Methanol in Hydrogen
Transportation Energy Supply
Authors: Zhao Xinlong , Huo Tianqing , Huang Ye , Zheng Huaan , Shi Tongqiang , Zhang Xu , Yang Fusheng , Wu Zhen , Zhang Zaoxiao
Published: January 2025

Methanol, with its abundant production, mature synthesis process,
well-established storage and transportation infrastructure, and no need to
return the dehydrogenated product, is considered to be an ideal hydrogen
carrier, is expected to play a great role in the energy transition of the
transportation sector and the construction of a hydrogen transportation system.
This paper focuses on the hydrogen energy supply system using methanol as a
carrier, briefly introduces the basics of methanol production and
transportation, and then focuses on the different routes of using methanol in
hydrogen transportation infrastructure and vehicles from the perspectives of
technology, economy, safety, and commercialization process. Finally, the impacts
of the different routes of introducing methanol on hydrogen transportation are
compared and analyzed, and the role of methanol in the energy supply of hydrogen
transportation is elaborated.
Transforming Hydrogen Supply at Hydrogen Refueling Stations: Design
and Analysis of LOHC for Auxiliary Hydrogen Supply
Authors: Huo Tianqing , Feng Tianyu , Yang Fusheng , Huang Ye , Zheng Huaan , Wang Bin , Fang Tao , Wu Zhen , Zhang ZaoXiao
Published: January 2025

In order to give full play to the economic and environmental advantages of liquid
organic hydrogen carrier(LOHC) technology in hydrogen storage and transportation
as well as its technological advantages as a hydrogen source for hydrogen
refueling station(HRS) supply, it promotes the change of hydrogen supply method
in HRSs and facilitates its technological landing in the terminal of HRSs. In
this paper, combining the current commercialization status of organic liquid
technology and the current construction status of HRS in China, we establish a
traditional long-tube trailer HRS model through Matlab Simulink, carry out
modification on the existing process, maximize the use of the original
equipment, and introduce the hydrogen production end of the station with organic
liquid as an auxiliary hydrogen source. Research and design of the two hydrogen
sources of gas extraction strategy and the station control strategy and the
formation of Stateflow language model, to realize the verification of the LOHC
technology auxiliary hydrogen supply program. Different LOHC hydrogen production
quantities are set to analyze their effects on the cost of hydrogen supply,
energy consumption, and high-pressure hydrogen inventory (safety) in the HRS.
The results show that in the case of LOHC for auxiliary hydrogen supply, a
specific amount of hydrogen production can ensure the full utilization of the
trailer at the station and avoid overnight stationing. In terms of hydrogen
supply costs, LOHC for auxiliary hydrogen supply is cost-effective, with overall
transportation costs decreasing by 25.9%-56.1% as the amount of LOHC production
increases.
An Enhanced Recursive Least Square Method with A Forgetting Factor
for On-Line Parameter Identification of Equivalent Circuit Model for Sodium-Ion
Battery
Authors: Qi Honghao , Pan Lyuming , Xu Xiaoqian , Rao Haoyao , Yu Yuesheng , Liu Xiangchi , Zhu Yifei , Yang Can , Wu Weixiong , Li Yubai , Li Wenjia , Zeng Lin , Xu Qian , Ren Jiayou , Wei Lei
Published: January 2025

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) make their marks in energy storage and electric
vehicles due to their abundant reserves, cost-effectiveness, environmental
resilience, and high safety. However, maintaining high battery performance in
intricate operating conditions is challenging, which necessitates precise
control based on timely and accurate acquisition of operation parameters,
especially for the state of charge (SOC). Equivalent circuit model (ECM) is the
most widely used in the evaluation of SOC. In this work, a 2nd-order
resistor-capacitor ECM (2ORC-ECM) is chosen because of its balance between
accuracy and computational efficiency. Furthermore, dynamic parameters in the
2ORC-ECM are accurately identified online by introducing an enhanced recursive
least squares method with a forgetting factor. Finally, the proposed method is
carried out based on the measured data of commercial SIBs. The results show that
the proposed method can mitigate data saturation effectively while ensuring high
accuracy and robust real-time performance. The highest accuracy is achieved when
the forgetting factor is 0.98 and the resulting voltage error is smaller than
0.02 V. This work proves the correctness and high accuracy of online
identification of parameters for 2ORC-ECM of SIBs by the recursive least squares
method with a forgetting factor, facilitating the development and application of
SIBs.
Experimental Investigation of Hydrogen or Methane Injection in Active
Pre-Chamber on a Lean Combustion Gasoline Engine
Authors: Liu Yaodong , Liu Mingli , He Zhentao , Li Xian , Zhao Chuan , Qian Dingchao , Qu Hanshi , Li Jincheng
Published: January 2025

With the global promotion of carbon neutrality policies, internal combustion
engine (ICE) of traditional fossil fuel is gradually transitioning to carbon
neutral fuel ICE, and hybrid dedicated engines are gradually replacing
traditional internal combustion engines in the passenger car market. Ultra-lean
combustion supported by active pre-chamber is one of the key technologies for
achieving high thermal efficient over 45% BTE. However, there are still issues
like cold start and PN emissions caused by impingement of liquid fuel injection
in pre-chamber, and there is still room for improvement in thermal efficiency by
less energy of pilot ignition fuel. Gaseous fuel such as hydrogen or methane
have no wetting issues, and can be more easily controlled in terms of the
injection amount in pre-chamber, thereby using a less amount of gaseous fuel as
the pilot ignition fuel could be a solution. Due to the above situation, this
article conducted experiments on a lean burn gasoline engine by injecting
hydrogen or methane instead of gasoline into the pre-chamber to ignite the
gasoline in the main chamber, and investigate its performance, combustion and
emissions. The results show that, there is a best value for both the equivalent
calorific value substitution ratio of hydrogen or methane injection in
pre-chamber and global lambda, which results in lowest fuel consumption. Due to
the fact that hydrogen has a higher activity and none carbon molecule while
methane has a lower activity and property of easily generating soot precursors
through C1 radicals, the performance of hydrogen and methane injection in the
pre-chamber is significantly different: Compared to gasoline injection in
pre-chamber, hydrogen injection in pre-chamber can reduce ISFC and significantly
decrease PN. Methane injection in pre-chamber increases ISFC and PN, the more
retarded the SOI is, the higher the PN results. Hydrogen injection in
pre-chamber can breaking through the limitation of ignition angle being too
forward of traditional pre-chamber in cold start. This article provides data and
solutions for the transition from fossil fuels to carbon neutral fuel step by
step.
Research on Cavitation Flow Characteristics in Thermal Sensitive
Future Fuel Nozzles
Authors: Zhang Hanwen , Fan Liyun , Li Bo , Wei Yunpeng , Zhang Dianhao
Published: January 2025

In order to clarify the cavitation flow characteristics in future fuel nozzles
and guide the design of new nozzle structural blocks, this research work was
carried out in both experimental and simulation aspects. In the experiment, it
was found that under high injection pressure, methanol showed more severe
cavitation than diesel. By adding frosted glass, a better light effect was
achieved in the nozzle hole. It was found that the front section of the nozzle
had geometric induced cavitation, the middle section had vortex cavitation, and
the rear section had expanded vortex cavitation. Traditional numerical models
cannot accurately calculate this phenomenon. To this end, the two-phase physical
properties that change with temperature and pressure were constructed, combined
with multiphase, turbulence, and energy models, CFD calculations were performed
and verified based on visualization results. On this basis, a comparative
analysis of the flow mechanism in future fuel and traditional diesel fuel
nozzles was carried out, and the influence of injection pressure, fuel
temperature, and nozzle structure on the flow characteristics in future fuel
nozzles was studied. The relevant research conclusions provide theoretical
guidance for the design of future fuel systems.
Research on Transient Performance of PFI Hydrogen Internal Combustion
Engine
Authors: Wei Jianyu , Luo Qinghe , Tang Hongyang
Published: January 2025

Hydrogen, as a clean fuel, holds the potential to become a solution for
transitioning traditional internal combustion engines. Under steady-state
conditions, turbocharged hydrogen internal combustion engines can achieve zero
carbon emissions through lean combustion. However, under transient conditions
with rapid load changes, the transient performance and emissions of hydrogen
engines pose significant challenges. In this paper, transient performance tests
were conducted on a 4-cylinder turbocharged port-fuel injection hydrogen
internal combustion engine, including constant speed load
testing(800rpm-2000rpm) and the World Harmonized Transient Cycle test(WHTC). The
transient response performance and emissions of the hydrogen engine were
evaluated, and the test results were analyzed accordingly.
Workplace Discourse and Expression of Hierarchy in Yoon Tae-ho’s Webtoon Misaeng
Authors: Vučkovič Eva
Published: February 2025

The article provides an in-depth analysis of workplace discourse and hierarchy as depicted in the popular Korean webtoon Misaeng. Its story takes place in a large trading company and portrays workers' daily lives, focusing on the work of Sales team 3. Through critical discourse analysis, the research shows how power relations among team members are expressed through language and interactions in a Korean corporate setting. Key events, such as the introductions of new team members, are examined to demonstrate how workplace hierarchy shapes interpersonal communication. The findings provide insights into the portrayal of Korean corporate culture, highlighting the significance of hierarchy in professional relationships and its impact on workplace communication.
Unveiling Koreanness in Yoon Ha Lee’s Dragon Pearl: Cultural Representation and Translation Strategies
Authors: Kang Byoung Yoong
Published: February 2025

The paper explores the representation of Koreanness in Yoon Ha Lee’s Dragon Pearl, a novel that uniquely blends elements of Korean culture with the space opera genre. By examining key cultural markers such as character names, traditional food, and folklore (notably the gumiho), this study highlights how the novel portrays a diasporic sense of identity and belonging. Furthermore, the paper delves into the challenges and strategies of translating these cultural elements into Korean. Through case studies of key passages, it discusses how to maintain cultural nuance and the author’s intent while adapting the work for a Korean readership. Ultimately, this paper underscores the importance of preserving cultural integrity translating science fiction works that embody cross-cultural narratives.
A new method for determining isoniazid drug by flow injection analysis with a merging zone technique
Authors: Saleh Farhood Ahmed , Hashim Abdullah Rahmah , Saadoon Majeed Amal , Salman Saddam Nahlah , Nassir Taha Dakhil
Published: January 2025

This study investigated the designing of a simple and rapid flow injection (FI) system and the determination of Isoniazid in a prepared aqueous solution. The principle of the method depended on the indirect reaction of the isoniazid drug with copper(II)-neocuproine (Cu(II)-NCPR) complex after acidifying the aqueous medium. The yellow-orange and charge transfer complex had maximum absorption at 455 nm. The optimum conditions of the FIA were studied. The calibration graph of isoniazid was constructed with a linear range of 0.10 to 10.00 mg/L, and a linearity (r2) value of 0.9988. The detection and quantification limits were 0.073 and 0.221 mg/L, respectively. The molar absorptivity (ε) was 56.68×104 L/mol.cm and Sandell's sensitivity was 0.84 ×10-3 µg/cm. The manufactured local valve was characterized by inexpensive, easily running, high repeatability (n = 6) at an RSD of 2.18%, and the dead volume was zero. The dispersion coefficient values were 1.91, and 1.53 for both concentrations of 0.60, and 4.00 mg/L, respectively. The sampling rate of the analysis for the FIA system was 63.00 samples per hour. The proposed analytical flow injection method was successfully applied to standard aqueous solutions and tablets of isoniazid. 
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2025, 39(4), 601-613.                                             
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v39i4.1
Impact of land-use types on the distribution and accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil from Sagamu Town, Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Alabi A.A. , Olurin O.T. , Egunjobi A.I. , Otunuga V. T. , Adetoyinbo A.A. , Olaoye A.M. , Coker J.O.
Published: January 2025

Man-made activities such as urbanization and expansion of agricultural activities are increasingly changing our landscapes. An evaluation  of the effects of land use on soil standards is critical for the sustainable management of human health and its surroundings.  This study examines the impact of land use types on the abundance and distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil  as affected by three different land environments; Petrol Stations (NNPC), FarmLand, and Auto–Mechanic Villages. A focus on the  concentrations and spatial distribution of PAHs in soil samples collected from each land-use type in Sagamu Township and its surroundings, was subject to a generalized assessment while identifying important contaminating factors in the soil. Soil analysis  confirmed that Auto-Mechanic Village constitutes the highest contributor of PAH and increased concentrations are detected from this  land-use type. Significantly, the Petrol Station (NNPC) also showed a high PAH distribution but was lower than the Auto mechanic village.  The levels of PAHs (∑7PAHs) obtained in NNPC, Mechanic Village, and FarmLand are 0.054 mg/kg 0.073 mg/kg, and 0.0328 mg/kg respectively. The highest values of PAHs concentration were returned from Mechanic Village soil samples and the lowest value was  obtained from the FarmLand samples. This trend of PAH prevalence was consistent with the number of rings inside the structure,  apparent at each sampling site and across the whole study area. The Σ5- 6 ring PAHs dominate at a concentration of 0.0481 mg/kg (50%  of total PAHs). Σ2–3ring PAHs show 0.0257 mg/kg, percent abundance 27%. In contrast, there are scarce occurrences of Σ4 ring PAHs, of  which the lowest values reach up to 0.0223 mg/kg (23%). The findings highlight the relevance of accounting for co-exposure to different  land-use-type when assessing the risk of soil contamination for human health and offer useful insights to policymakers, environmental  regulators, and land-use planners.
Quality assessment of five brands of ascorbic acid tablets marketed in Ogun state, Nigeria
Authors: Babalola David Gbenga , Ade-Adekunle Olusegun Ayo , Ajasa Grace Omolola , Dada Precious Adebowale
Published: January 2025

Ascorbic acid (vitamin C), a water-soluble vitamin, is an essential nutrient that plays a crucial role in the body's antioxidant defences. Since the body cannot synthesize it, ascorbic acid must be obtained through either dietary sources or supplements. The aim of this study was to assess the quality and physicochemical properties of five different brands of ascorbic acid commonly sold in several pharmacy outlets in Ogun State. The brands were analysed for their uniformity of weight, hardness, friability and disintegration time using official methods, quantitative analysis was done using dissolution test and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). One out of the five brands (20%) passed the weight uniformity test ranging between 282.7 mg to 364.8 mg, four (80 %) of the five brands passed the hardness test and were within 1.5 and 6.0 KgF. All five brands passed the friability test, disintegration test anddissolution test and were within 0.0172 - 0.5691%, 0.36 - 13.52 mins and 96 - 103% respectively. The amount of API in each brand ranging from 97.25% to 103.07% were within official specifications when assayed with HPLC. This study elucidates the need for regular post market surveillance of medications to ensure the safety of consumers.
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Intellectual Disability Among African Children with Epilepsy
Authors: Uhunmwangho-Courage Aderonke O , Lagunju IkeOluwa A , Ejeliogu Emeka U
Published: January 2025

Background: Sub-Saharan Africa contributes significantly to the people living with disability, including epilepsy and intellectual disability (ID) in Low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Epilepsy is already associated with treatment gaps, stigma and poor Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in sub-Saharan Africa. Still, the impact is more significant when children living with epilepsy also have ID.
Objective: To assess the prevalence and factors associated with intellectual disability among children with epilepsy (CWE).
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among CWE aged 15 months to 18 years compared to 100 age and sex-matched controls without epilepsy. The Vineland Adaptive Behavioural Scale II was used to detect intellectual disability.
Results: Each group consisted of 55 males and 45 females with median (IQR) ages of 8 (4-13) and 9 (5-13) years in CWE and controls, respectively. The prevalence of intellectual disability among CWE (36%) was significantly higher than the prevalence of epilepsy in the control group (2%) (p<0.001). Factors associated with the presence of ID among CWE include the onset of epileptic seizures before the age of one year (Χ2 = 16.07, p = 0.001), polytherapy (Χ2 = 8.375, p = 0.004), severe seizures (Χ2 = 4.63, p = 0.031), non-school enrolment (Χ2 =31.62, p = <0.001).
Conclusion: The prevalence of ID is high among children with epilepsy. Those with early seizure onset or severe seizures and those on polytherapy deserve closer attention, and screening for ID should be routinely conducted in CWE.
Cerebral Artery Blood Flow Velocities in Children with Sickle Cell Anaemia at the Federal Teaching Hospital, Owerri
Authors: Ezeuko Lilian C , Odunvbun Magdalene E , Ikejiaku Udochikwuka P , Ike Innocent I
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Vaso-occlusion in Sickle Cell Anaemia (SCA) results in the narrowing of the major cerebral blood vessel, predisposing affected children to cerebrovascular accidents (CVA). The risk of CVA can be assessed with cerebral blood flow velocities measurement using a transcranial Doppler ultrasound.
Objective: To determine the cerebral blood flow velocities in children with SCA aged 2-16 years.
Methods: This was a hospital-based, cross-sectional study of children with SCA conducted between April and September 2023. Transcranial Doppler ultrasound was used to assess the anterior and middle cerebral arteries.
Results: A total of 102 children out of the 150 enrolled were screened within the study period. The values obtained from this procedure were categorised as abnormal (≥200cm/s), conditional (170 – 199cm/s) and normal or standard risk (< 170cm/s). Children with abnormal blood velocities are at high risk of CVA, while children whose velocities fall within the conditional range are at moderate risk for CVAs. The prevalence of abnormal cerebral blood flow velocity above 170cm/second was 17.6% (13.7% was in the conditional risk zone and 3.9% in the high-risk zone). All the subjects in the high-risk zone were aged 2-6 years, and 75% were females.
Conclusion: The prevalence of abnormal cerebral blood flow velocity in the cohort of SCA children is 17.6%, with 10-40% annual risk for stroke. Identification of children at risk for a CVA helps in the primary prevention of CVA by prompt therapy institutions.
Artificial neural networks for predicting first-lactation 305-day milk yield in crossbred cattle
Authors: Usman S.M. , Dutt T. , Sahib Q.S. , Singh N.P. , Tiwari R. , Chandrakar J. , Abo Ghanima M.M. , Youssef I.M. , Sherasiya A. , Kumar A. , Swelum A.A.
Published: January 2025

This study was conducted using the first-lactation records of 1092 Vrindavani crossbred cattle to compare the relative efficiency of an artificial neural network (ANN) versus multiple linear regression for predicting the first-lactation 305-day milk yield (FL305DMY). The two input sets used for predicting FL305DMY in the study were input set-1: first four monthly test-day milk yields, age at first calving, and peak milk yield; and input set-2: first four monthly milk yields, age at first calving, and peak milk yield. The ANN was trained using a backpropagation algorithm based on Bayesian regularisation, and the algorithm was tested using four sets of training and test data at ratios of 66.67:33.33, 75:25, 80:20, and 90:10. The results revealed that the coefficient of determination showed no regular trend with decreasing the test dataset. Nevertheless, the observed values were highest for the 90:10 ratio of training-test data for both input sets, with the lowest root mean square error. The ANN model outperformed the multiple linear regression model when predicting FL305DMY, with an accuracy of 79.09% for input set-1 and 83.67% for input set-2, with the lowest root mean square error values for both input sets. Therefore, the ANN model can be used as an alternative technique to predict FL305DMY in Vrindavani cows.
Ameliorative effects of ginger extract on ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticle induced toxicity in liver and kidneys of rats
Authors: Waris Ammara , Sharif Saima , Naz Shagufta , Tabassum Sobia , Akhtar Raheela , Akhter Parveen , Hussain Murid , Choi Yong Jun , Park Young-Kwon
Published: January 2025

Recently, the use of ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) in commercial and industrial products has increased. However, concerns have been raised regarding their possible negative effects on human health. Limited studies have been conducted on co-exposure toxicity of ZnO and TiO2 in rats, so the consequences of their co-exposure have not yet been reported. Recently, ginger has gained considerable attention owing to its ability to improve human health. The aim of this study was to examine effects of ginger extract on serum biochemical, hematological, and histological alterations induced by ZnO and TiO2 alone and in combination in rats. Seventy adult Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into seven groups, with 10 rats in each group. Distilled water played the role of vehicle for the control groups. ZnO NPs and TiO2 NPs significantly reduced hemoglobin, platelets, and red blood cells, while increasing white blood cells, aspartate, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, urea, and creatinine levels. Histological analysis revealed time-dependent liver and kidney damage. Simultaneous exposure to both NPs initially resulted in less damage; however, more damage occurred later. Ginger significantly reduced these effects, suggesting that ginger extract may be a potential biocompound for shielding and improving liver and kidney functions against NP-induced toxicity. nanoparticle induced
Лабораторні випробування розробленого робочого органу картоплезбиральної машини для підкопування та сепарації
Authors: Грушецький Сергій , Адамчук Олександр
Published: February 2025

У статті представлені результати лабораторних випробувань розробленого підкопуючо-сепаруючого робочого органу картоплезбиральної машини. Метою дослідження було оцінити ефективність та функціональність робочого органу, який поєднує підкопування картоплі з ґрунту та сепарацію коренеплодів від домішок (каміння, бур'янів та інших часток). У ході випробувань були проаналізовані основні параметри конструкції органу, динамічні характеристики, ефективність сепарації, а також вплив різних типів ґрунтів на якість роботи. Окрему увагу приділено енерговитратам та зносостійкості матеріалів. Результати досліджень дозволяють зробити висновки про доцільність використання запропонованого робочого органу в реальних умовах експлуатації, а також визначити необхідні напрямки для подальшого вдосконалення його конструкції.
Successes and failures of parents of two-year-old children in satisfying their choice and how to avoid, prevent, restrain their whims, capriciousness, stubbornness
Authors: Artemova Liubov , Borova Valentyna , Titarenko Svitlana
Published: February 2025

The article highlights the results of a study of the children’s of the second year of life choice and its impact on the emergence of whims, capriciousness, stubbornness in children. The collected, analyzed and interpreted theoretical studies and practical facts of the manifestations of whims, capriciousness, stubbornness that arise during the choice of children testify to the importance and necessity of studying this problem. The concept of the study is built on the principles of a personally oriented approach to interaction with children. It has been established that the age capabilities of children in the second year of life provide grounds for studying the choice of toddlers in direct connection with the manifestations that we call whims, capriciousness, stubbornness. It has been found that capriciousness becomes more frequent when the children’s choice is not satisfied by parents or other adults, and toddlers feel the need for communication, a favorite toy or food, from overwork or a painful condition. It has been noted that the humanistic approach of parents to children’s upbringing helps to reduce the level of capriciousness. The attention and love of parents, their communication with the kids becomes the basis for the comfortable activity of children. The authoritarian style of communication with the children does not allow to realize the child’s desire for independent choice. Most often, adults pay attention to the whims and caprices of the kids, and their choice remains unnoticed.
Логічні помилки другого типу під час формування лікарського висновку
Authors: Бірюков Віктор Сергійович
Published: February 2025

Стаття присвячена питанню необхідності впровадження у педагогічну практику медичних вишів основ формальної логіки. Очікується, що цей процес здатний знизити кількість лікарських помилок, що відзначаються на всіх рівнях надання медичної допомоги, включаючи охорону здоров'я розвинутих країн. Традиційний метод навчання студентів медичних вузів тривалий час включав аналіз клінічних проявів захворювання безпосередньо біля ліжка пацієнта. Пандемія COVID-19, що порушила питання про сувору ізоляцію та профілактику перехресної інфекції, а також низку етичних проблем, що виникали з боку пацієнта та студентської аудиторії, стимулювали розвиток дистанційної форми медичної освіти. У цій ситуації методологія освоєння логічної послідовності лікарського мислення поза клінічним обходом набула актуальної форми. Матеріалом дослідження стали діагностичні висновки 65 магістрів старших курсів, які навчаються в Одеському національному медичному університеті. Письмові чи усні висновки молодих лікарів аналізувалися щодо істинності аргументації виставленого діагнозу. Враховувалася обґрунтованість посилань на характер скарг пацієнтів, даних анамнезу хвороби, історії життя та сімейного анамнезу, а також на виявлені симптоми захворювання. У випадках неправдивого висновку проводилася оцінка логічної причинності лікарської помилки. Статистичний аналіз виявив, що основний обсяг зроблених помилок – 50,48% може бути віднесений до порушення вимог другого закону логіки, 7,62% – першого закону, 24,76% – третього та 17,14% – четвертого закону. Домінування помилкових висновків лікаря, зумовлених порушенням другого закону логіки – «Відсутність взаємних протиріч», вимагає розгляду його особливостей у застосуванні до клінічної практики. Наведено приклади типових логічних помилок лікарського висновку. Зроблено висновок про необхідність впровадження у педагогічний процес предмета «медична логіка».
Інтеграція штучного інтелекту у віртуальні освітні середовища: персоналізація інформатичної підготовки педагогів професійного навчання
Authors: Шевчук Борис
Published: February 2025

Стаття присвячена аналізу можливостей інтеграції штучного інтелекту (ШІ) у віртуальні освітні середовища з метою персоналізації інформатичної підготовки педагогів. У фокусі — розробка адаптивних навчальних систем, які враховують індивідуальні потреби та рівень підготовки студентів. На основі аналізу літератури сформульовані ключові принципи інтеграції ШІ у навчальний процес і визначені перспективи його застосування в професійній підготовці педагогів.
Особливості використання абревіатур в іспанській мові у сфері «кібербезпека» (на матеріалі дискурсу соціальних мереж Мексики)
Authors: Донова Христина Анатоліївна
Published: February 2025

Стаття присвячена аналізу використання абревіатур в іспанській мові у сфері дисципліни «кібербезпека» на матеріалі соціальних мереж. У рамках дослідження уточнено класифікаційні та історичні аспекти абревіатур, найдавніші посилання на скорочення та способи скорочень у перших церковних джерелах. Проведено аналіз літератури по темі абревіаці у цілому, а також у іспанській мові. Аналіз наукової літератури на тему абревіації у сфері кібербезпеки також показав брак робіт. Також у процесі дослідження термінології на тему кібербезпеки було виявлено, що швидкий розвиток та актуальність дисципліни передбачає брак наукових досліджень у сфері лінгвістики та спеціального перекладу. Дослідження вузько направлених абревіатур у сфері кібербезпека було проведено методом суцільної вибірки на матеріалі соціальних мереж. Було проаналізовано 192 публікації, виявлено три основні способи використання абревіатур: англійський варіант абревіатури-терміну без вказання іспанського еквіваленту чи перекладу; англійська абревіатура-термін разом із іспанським еквівалентом поясненням; іспанський аналог або переклад абревіатури. Таким чином у висновках дослідження було помічено, що однакове використання обох варіантів абревіатур самостійно окремо одна від одної (англійський та іспанський переклад аналог) дає підстави вважати, що довгий вік абревіатури прямо пропорцій тенденції впливати на появу іспанського аналогу так само, як і укорінення та асиміляції загальновідомого англійського варіанту абревіатури. Також у ході роботи було підкреслена тенденція до мовної економії, у більшості публікацій не було використано переклад або іспанський еквівалент абревіатур у сфері кібербезпеки.
Linguistic gaps in focus: comparative aspect of Ukrainian and German languages
Authors: Marianko Yanina , Bosa Tetiana , Kartel Tetiana , Lazarchuk Svitlana
Published: February 2025

The article is devoted to one of the most topical issues in translation studies, as evidenced by the increased interest of many linguists in it – the translation of non-equivalent vocabulary in German. The concepts of “lacuna” and “non-equivalent vocabulary” are defined with due regard to the works of many scholars. At the same time, it is noted that there is no unanimity in linguistics on this issue. Different scholars interpret the terms “non-equivalent vocabulary” and “lacuna” in different ways. A working definition has been generated according to which non-equivalent vocabulary is the concepts, objects and phenomena that exist in the source language and have neither partial nor full equivalents in the target language. The article is devoted to the peculiarities of lacunae translation in Ukrainian and German, translation issues are considered, and it is emphasised that translation theory is aimed at the fullest reproduction of the original in a foreign language environment.