bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The generality of cryptic dietary niche differences in diverse large-herbivore assemblages
Authors: Pansu Johan , Hutchinson Matthew C. , Anderson T. Michael , te Beest Mariska , Begg Colleen M. , Begg Keith S. , Bonin Aurelie , Chama Lackson , Chamaillé-Jammes Simon , Coissac Eric , Cromsigt Joris P. G. M. , Demmel Margaret Y. , Donaldson Jason E. , Guyton Jennifer A. , Hansen Christina B. , Imakando Christopher I. , Iqbal Azwad , Kalima Davis F. , Kerley Graham I. H. , Kurukura Samson , Landman Marietjie , Long Ryan A. , Munuo Isaack Norbert , Nutter Ciara M. , Parr Catherine L. , Potter Arjun B. , Siachoono Stanford , Taberlet Pierre , Waiti Eusebio , Kartzinel Tyler R. , Pringle Robert M.
Published: August 2022

Ecological niche differences are necessary for stable species coexistence but are often difficult to discern. Models of dietary niche differentiation in large mammalian herbivores invoke the quality, quantity, and spatiotemporal distribution of plant tissues and growth forms but are agnostic toward food plant species identity. Empirical support for these models is variable, suggesting that additional mechanisms of resource partitioning may be important in sustaining large-herbivore diversity in African savannas. We used DNA metabarcoding to conduct a taxonomically explicit analysis of large-herbivore diets across southeastern Africa, analyzing ∼4,000 fecal samples of 30 species from 10 sites in seven countries over 6 y. We detected 893 food plant taxa from 124 families, but just two families—grasses and legumes—accounted for the majority of herbivore diets. Nonetheless, herbivore species almost invariably partitioned food plant taxa; diet composition differed significantly in 97% of pairwise comparisons between sympatric species, and dissimilarity was pronounced even between the strictest grazers (grass eaters), strictest browsers (nongrass eaters), and closest relatives at each site. Niche differentiation was weakest in an ecosystem recovering from catastrophic defaunation, indicating that food plant partitioning is driven by species interactions, and was stronger at low rainfall, as expected if interspecific competition is a predominant driver. Diets differed more between browsers than grazers, which predictably shaped community organization: Grazer-dominated trophic networks had higher nestedness and lower modularity. That dietary differentiation is structured along taxonomic lines complements prior work on how herbivores partition plant parts and patches and suggests that common mechanisms govern herbivore coexistence and community assembly in savannas.
Control of protein activity by photoinduced spin polarized charge reorganization
Authors: Ghosh Shirsendu , Banerjee-Ghosh Koyel , Levy Dorit , Scheerer David , Riven Inbal , Shin Jieun , Gray Harry B. , Naaman Ron , Haran Gilad
Published: August 2022

Considerable electric fields are present within living cells, and the role of bioelectricity has been well established at the organismal level. Yet much remains to be learned about electric-field effects on protein function. Here, we use phototriggered charge injection from a site-specifically attached ruthenium photosensitizer to directly demonstrate the effect of dynamic charge redistribution within a protein. We find that binding of an antibody to phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) is increased twofold under illumination. Remarkably, illumination is found to suppress the enzymatic activity of PGK by a factor as large as three. These responses are sensitive to the photosensitizer position on the protein. Surprisingly, left (but not right) circularly polarized light elicits these responses, indicating that the electrons involved in the observed dynamics are spin polarized, due to spin filtration by protein chiral structures. Our results directly establish the contribution of electrical polarization as an allosteric signal within proteins. Future experiments with phototriggered charge injection will allow delineation of charge rearrangement pathways within proteins and will further depict their effects on protein function.
Malaria parasite evades mosquito immunity by glutaminyl cyclase–mediated posttranslational protein modification
Authors: Kolli Surendra Kumar , Molina-Cruz Alvaro , Araki Tamasa , Geurten Fiona J. A. , Ramesar Jai , Chevalley-Maurel Severine , Kroeze Hans J. , Bezemer Sascha , de Korne Clarize , Withers Roxanne , Raytselis Nadia , El Hebieshy Angela F. , Kim Robbert Q. , Child Matthew A. , Kakuta Soichiro , Hisaeda Hajime , Kobayashi Hirotaka , Annoura Takeshi , Hensbergen Paul J. , Franke-Fayard Blandine M. , Barillas-Mury Carolina , Scheeren Ferenc A. , Janse Chris J.
Published: August 2022

Glutaminyl cyclase (QC) modifies N-terminal glutamine or glutamic acid residues of target proteins into cyclic pyroglutamic acid (pGlu). Here, we report the biochemical and functional analysis of
Plasmodium
QC. We show that sporozoites of QC-null mutants of rodent and human malaria parasites are recognized by the mosquito immune system and melanized when they reach the hemocoel. Detailed analyses of rodent malaria QC-null mutants showed that sporozoite numbers in salivary glands are reduced in mosquitoes infected with QC-null or QC catalytically dead mutants. This phenotype can be rescued by genetic complementation or by disrupting mosquito melanization or phagocytosis by hemocytes. Mutation of a single QC-target glutamine of the major sporozoite surface protein (circumsporozoite protein; CSP) of the rodent parasite
Plasmodium berghei
also results in melanization of sporozoites. These findings indicate that QC-mediated posttranslational modification of surface proteins underlies evasion of killing of sporozoites by the mosquito immune system.
NAD
+
metabolism drives astrocyte proinflammatory reprogramming in central nervous system autoimmunity
Authors: Meyer Tom , Shimon Dor , Youssef Sawsan , Yankovitz Gal , Tessler Adi , Chernobylsky Tom , Gaoni-Yogev Anat , Perelroizen Rita , Budick-Harmelin Noga , Steinman Lawrence , Mayo Lior
Published: August 2022

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Astrocytes are the most abundant glial cells in the CNS, and their dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of MS and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Recent advances highlight the pivotal role of cellular metabolism in programming immune responses. However, the underlying immunometabolic mechanisms that drive astrocyte pathogenicity remain elusive. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD
+
) is a vital coenzyme involved in cellular redox reactions and a substrate for NAD
+
-dependent enzymes. Cellular NAD
+
levels are dynamically controlled by synthesis and degradation, and dysregulation of this balance has been associated with inflammation and disease. Here, we demonstrate that cell-autonomous generation of NAD
+
via the salvage pathway regulates astrocyte immune function. Inhibition of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), a key enzyme in the salvage pathway, results in depletion of NAD
+
, inhibits oxidative phosphorylation, and limits astrocyte inflammatory potential. We identified CD38 as the main NADase up-regulated in reactive mouse and human astrocytes in models of neuroinflammation and MS. Genetic or pharmacological blockade of astrocyte CD38 activity augmented NAD
+
levels, suppressed proinflammatory transcriptional reprogramming, impaired chemotactic potential to inflammatory monocytes, and ameliorated EAE. We found that CD38 activity is mediated via calcineurin/NFAT signaling in mouse and human reactive astrocytes. Thus, NAMPT–NAD
+
–CD38 circuitry in astrocytes controls their ability to meet their energy demands and drives the expression of proinflammatory transcriptional modules, contributing to CNS pathology in EAE and, potentially, MS. Our results identify candidate therapeutic targets in MS.
AMMSA-21: a revised version of the Acceptance of Modern Myths About Sexual Aggression Scale in English, German, Polish and Spanish (AMMSA-21: una versión revisada de la escala Aceptación de Mitos Modernos sobre la Agresión Sexual en inglés, alemán, polaco y español)
Authors: Bohner Gerd , Weiss Alexa , Schirch Cindy , Zöllner Lea , Lipińska Aldona , Sempere María-José , Megías Jesús L.
Published: August 2022

The authors present a revised version of the Acceptance of Modern Myths About Sexual Aggression scale (AMMSA-21) in four languages (English, German, Polish and Spanish) and examine its reliability and validity (total N = 1,459). AMMSA-21 addresses themes emerging in recent public discourse (e.g., beliefs about false accusations) and contents similar to the original scale (e.g., antagonism towards victims’ demands); with 21 items, it is 30% shorter than the original. Factor analyses suggested that AMMSA-21 may be treated as a unidimensional construct. Across the four language versions, AMMSA-21 showed high internal consistency and criterion validity (positive correlations with hostile and benevolent sexism, social dominance orientation, right-wing authoritarianism); its scores were unrelated to socially desirable responding. Also, AMMSA-21 predicted judgements of victim-blaming and rape proclivity in relation to acquaintance-rape scenarios. Mean differences across language versions (Spanish < English = German < Polish) are discussed in terms of cultural influences. In sum, AMMSA-21 represents a reliable, valid and economical measure of contemporary sexual aggression myths.
Dynamic experience of spaciousness, surprise and preference through indoor spaces (Experiencia dinámica de espaciosidad, sorpresa y preferencia en espacios interiores)
Authors: Bokharaei Saleheh , Nasar Jack L.
Published: August 2022

In theory, preference should increase with spaciousness and moderate surprise, levelling off or decreasing for high surprise. To test this we created three simulated indoor spaces — SMALL (smallest size, dimmest light, smallest window), MEDIUM (medium size, light and window size) and LARGE (largest size, brightest light, largest windows) — and virtual reality walks through each possible pair of spaces. Three groups of 30 students (46 men, 44 women) rated either spaciousness, surprise or preference. Manipulation checks confirmed postulated effects of SMALL, MEDIUM and LARGE on judged spaciousness and of the size of the discrepancy between each pair of spaces on judged surprise. For preference, participants rated a space as more preferred if preceded by a smaller space and less preferred if preceded by a larger one. Preference also increased from low to moderate surprise but decreased slightly for high surprise. Research could consider adult responses to real spaces. Designers would do well to consider dynamic experience.
Responding to the environmental crisis: Culture, power and possibilities of change
Authors: Rau Henrike , Edmondson Ricca
Published: August 2022

This special issue examines the role of culture in the environmental crisis. We ask if and how different forms of sociality, cultural diversity and intercultural exchange can contribute to a social-ecological transformation that helps to mitigate unsustainable patterns of production and consumption that characterise many societies and their economies today. By assembling three articles that explore possibilities of change at different levels of social organisation (e.g. households, cities), we aim to contribute to ongoing discussions in environmental sociology (and cognate disciplines such as human geography and the environmental humanities) regarding possibilities of change that emerge from a more or less radical shift in routine practices and everyday habits. This special issue thus offers a perspective that moves beyond technological optimism and individualistic narratives of change to embrace a form of sociological imagination that connects individual biographies of resource use to broader social, material and cultural conditions. Importantly, its contributors take seriously growing societal differences in the distribution of power and influence, considering them to be key barriers to a social-ecological transformation that promises society-wide sustainability gains.
Calibration of gauge blocks by optical interferometry comparison - final report
Authors: Viliesid Miguel , Dubé Pierre , Colín Carlos
Published: August 2022

Main text

Gauge blocks are one of the main artifacts used to calibrate length measuring instruments. The highest grade gauge blocks are calibrated by interferometry making them traceable to the length unit, the metre. The transfer of the wavelength of light to these artifacts is a challenging calibration that requires state-of-the-art equipment, good control of ambient conditions and knowledgeable personnel. It is one of the main calibration services offered by National Metrology Institutes. The Consultative Committee for Length (CCL) has established key comparisons as a means for assuring world-wide traceability and equivalence of length measurements at the highest levels of accuracy. In the key comparison reported here, there were twelve participants from EURAMET, COOMET, AFRIMET, APMP, and SIM regions. This comparison was based on the circulation of seven short steel gauge blocks, six short ceramic gauge blocks, and three steel long gauge blocks. The exercise was successful, and the results of the participants are reported here.

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCL, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Phonon localization and resonance in thermal transport of pillar-based GaAs nanowires
Authors: Chen Jiao , Hou Zhichen , Chen Hongyu , Wang Zhaoliang
Published: August 2022

Exploring the possibility of nanostructures to modulate thermal conductivity (TC) contributes to promote a deeper comprehension of phonon diffusion and transport processes with the design of thermally insulated devices with high ZT values, and the GaAs nanowires (NWs) widely used in optoelectronic and microelectronic devices exhibit nondiffusive phonon thermal transport phenomena attributed to size effects, while ignoring the wave effects of phonons. Here, we simulate the TC of pillar-based GaAs NWs using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo simulations. The spatial distribution of density of states, temperature and heat flow distribution clouds, phonon participation rate, dispersion curves and phonon transmittance of atoms were calculated to investigate the phonon thermal transport processes in pillar-based NWs. The calculation results show that the pillar-based surface reduce the TC by 16%, the TC of pristine NW increases with axial and equivalent diameter, and the TC of pillar-based NW increases nonlinearly with axial length and increases with radial length. The phonon-surface scattering intensity is enhanced by the perturbation introduced by the pillared surface with a substantial decrease in phonon transmission capacity and a break in long-wavelength phonon transport even annihilated, which leads to surface phonon localization. Nanopillars not only enhance the phonon-surface scattering intensity at low frequencies, but also reconfigure the dispersion curve to reduce the group velocity. A series of flat resonance phonon modes are generated throughout the whole spectrum due to the hybridization between the local resonance phonon modes of the nanopillar and the phonon modes of the substrate NWs, resulting in the phonon modes shifting to lower frequencies. The pillar-based surface induced surface phonon localization and local resonance phenomenon contributes to the modulation of phonon thermal transport in GaAs-based field-effect transistors.
Gravitational waves from quasi-stable strings
Authors: Lazarides George , Maji Rinku , Shafi Qaisar
Published: August 2022

We estimate the stochastic gravitational wave spectrum emitted from a network of cosmic strings in which the latter are effectively stable against breaking by monopole pair creation. The monopoles are produced at a higher scale from an earlier symmetry breaking and experience significant inflation before reentering the horizon. This gives rise to monopole-antimonopole pairs connected by string segments and the string loop formation essentially ceases. As a consequence, the lower frequency portion of the gravitational wave spectrum is suppressed relative to the no-inflation case with stable strings, which evades the stringent PPTA bound on the dimensionless string tension Gμ. We display the modified spectrum, accessible in the ongoing and future experiments, for Gμ values in the range 10-10–10-15. We show how this 'quasi-stable' string network is realized in realistic grand unified theories.
Simultaneous two-way classical communication and measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution on oceanic quantum channels
Authors: Hu Hongyang , Zhong Hai , Ye Wei , Guo Ying
Published: August 2022

Simultaneous two-way classical and quantum (STCQ) communication combines both continuous classical coherent optical communication and continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD), which eliminates all detection-related imperfections by being measurement-device-independent (MDI). In this paper, we propose a protocol relying on STCQ communication on the oceanic quantum channel, in which the superposition-modulation-based coherent states depend on the information bits of both the secret key and the classical communication ciphertext. We analyse the encoding combination in classical communication and consider the probability distribution transmittance under seawater turbulence with various interference factors. Our numerical simulations of various practical scenarios demonstrate that the proposed protocol can simultaneously enable two-way classical communication and CV-MDI QKD with just a slight performance degradation transmission distance compared to the original CV-MDI QKD scheme. Moreover, the asymmetric situation outperforms the symmetric case in terms of transmission distance and optical modulation variance. We further take into consideration the impact of finite-size effects to illustrate the applicability of the proposed scheme in practical scenarios. The results show the feasibility of the underwater STCQ scheme, which contributes toward developing a global quantum communication network in free space.
Stability of normal quantum-fluid mixtures
Authors: Yukalov V I
Published: August 2022

Mixtures of quantum fluids, that is gases or liquids, are considered with the emphasis on the conditions characterizing the stability of the mixtures. The mixtures, that can be formed by cold atoms or molecules, are assumed to be quantum requiring the description using quantum techniques, but not so cold that to exhibit superfluidity or superconductivity. Reviewing the stability conditions of such normal quantum systems is important for the comparison of these conditions with the stability conditions of, e.g. Bose-condensed mixtures. The behavior of observable quantities under the stratification of quantum mixtures is discussed.
A personalizable autonomous neural mass model of epileptic seizures
Authors: Lopez-Sola Edmundo , Sanchez-Todo Roser , Lleal Èlia , Köksal-Ersöz Elif , Yochum Maxime , Makhalova Julia , Mercadal Borja , Guasch-Morgades Maria , Salvador Ricardo , Lozano-Soldevilla Diego , Modolo Julien , Bartolomei Fabrice , Wendling Fabrice , Benquet Pascal , Ruffini Giulio
Published: August 2022

Work in the last two decades has shown that neural mass models (NMM) can realistically reproduce and explain epileptic seizure transitions as recorded by electrophysiological methods (EEG, SEEG). In previous work, advances were achieved by increasing excitation and heuristically varying network inhibitory coupling parameters in the models. Based on these early studies, we provide a laminar NMM capable of realistically reproducing the electrical activity recorded by SEEG in the epileptogenic zone during interictal to ictal states. With the exception of the external noise input into the pyramidal cell population, the model dynamics are autonomous. By setting the system at a point close to bifurcation, seizure-like transitions are generated, including pre-ictal spikes, low voltage fast activity, and ictal rhythmic activity. A novel element in the model is a physiologically motivated algorithm for chloride dynamics: the gain of GABAergic post-synaptic potentials is modulated by the pathological accumulation of chloride in pyramidal cells due to high inhibitory input and/or dysfunctional chloride transport. In addition, in order to simulate SEEG signals for comparison with real seizure recordings, the NMM is embedded first in a layered model of the neocortex and then in a realistic physical model. We compare modeling results with data from four epilepsy patient cases. By including key pathophysiological mechanisms, the proposed framework captures succinctly the electrophysiological phenomenology observed in ictal states, paving the way for robust personalization methods based on NMMs.
Experimental study on movement characteristics of pedestrians with different speeds
Authors: Shen Liangchang , Weng Wenguo
Published: August 2022

Crowd evacuation efficiency is related to the gait parameters of individuals. In this study, the gait parameters of individuals with different speeds, including step length, plantar pressure, and offset of barycenter, were recorded using a pressure distribution measurement treadmill. The gait characteristics of pedestrians with different motion states were analyzed. A physical model was built to describe the individual movement. The results showed that the critical speed for individual motion posture from walking to running was 1.4 m s−1, and the gait characteristics of a pedestrian differed significantly between the two motion postures. The step length increment began to decrease rapidly and the offset of the barycenter (front and rear position) began to increase when the speed was more than 1.4 m s−1, and the movement condition of an individual was changed from walking to running at this speed. The plantar pressure increased significantly when the speed of an individual was between 1.4 m s−1 and the speed at which the double support phase disappeared. These findings revealed the variation rules of the movement characteristics of individuals with different speeds, such as the step length, the plantar pressure, and the offset of the barycenter. The step length and the plantar pressure were quantified for the physical model, which could provide a reference for the further research of crowd simulation and the instability risk of individuals.
Overview of the II International Conference on Agricultural Engineering and Green Infrastructure Solutions – AEGIS-II - 2022
Authors: Mirzaev Bakhadir , Sultonov Tohirjon , Kadirjon Shavazov , Astanakulov Komil , Fozilov Golibjon
Published: August 2022

The overview describes the main directions and results of the International Conference “AEGIS-II - 2022” held in Tashkent on 19-21 May 2022. It gives the details about the participants and the proceedings. A description of the main trends in agricultural and food technologies, green infrastructure solutions, environmental engineering for sustainable development of the modern society are given in the overview.
Features of the choice of working bodies for the technology of strip tillage when sowing re-crops
Authors: Alimova F A , Primkulov B Sh
Published: August 2022

The article is devoted to the description of the advantages and features of the resource-saving method of land cultivation using the Strip-Till technology. Also the results of the search for the possibility of using it in the conditions of the Republic of Uzbekistan when growing of re-crops in exiting furrows and in row spacing ridges are presented. As a result of experimental studies, the hardness and moisture content of the soil were determined, and data on the quality of soil cultivation by the developed working bodies were obtained. The layout schemes of the working bodies in the design of the unit for the considered technology are presented. The results of studies on the choice of types and design of working bodies for strip tillage are substantiated. It was found that the equipment of the aggregate with sections consisting of 3 flat cutting discs and a lancet chisel best ensures the required quality of soil loosening and equable depth of its processing, as well as the width of the cultivated strip and evenness of the treated area, protects the organs from clogging with soil and grower residues. For normal operation of the planter working bodies, the cultivated strip width of the soil must correspond to the planter coulters width.
Mathematical modeling of truck movement in rough road conditions of agricultural area
Authors: Shodiev J , Azimov M
Published: August 2022

The article presents the methods of modeling the horizontal and vertical movement of a small truck Labo. Using the Lagrange equation of the second type, mathematical models of the movement of a small truck Labo on uneven roads developed. The mathematical models developed by the Runge-Kutta-number method solved and the values of the horizontal and vertical oscillations, speeds of movement and the forces acting and acting on each wheel of the automobile found. On the given masses, the parameters of the automobile’s leaf springs and the depreciation part are determined.
Modeling and numerical methods for studying the movement of a semi-mounted cotton harvesting machine
Authors: Azimov B M , Abdazimov A D , Sherkobilov S M , Ikhsanova Sh Z
Published: August 2022

The paper deals with the issues of modeling the movement and rolling conditions of semi-mounted cotton harvesting machine of the MX and XM series (MX-1,8; MX-2,4; XM-01; XMG-04; XM-2,8). To solve this problem, the equations of motion of a cotton harvesting machine are compiled, using the example of the MX-2,4 brand, using Lagrange equations of the second kind. The Runge-Kutta numerical method solves the equations of horizontal and vertical vibrations of the machine with an uneven mass distribution between the front driving and rear driven wheels, and also calculates the wheel adhesion coefficient.
Universal row-crop tractor with a variable base: calculation of the links of the tractor base change mechanism
Authors: Omonov N N , Masharibov A R , Atadjanova M M
Published: August 2022

This article discusses the development of a universal row-crop tractor with a variable base. The following are general information about a tractor with a variable base, the scope of application, information about previously created tractors with a variable base. Based on the analysis of existing designs of tractors with a variable base, a new design developed and its 3D model presented. The design of the mechanism, the calculation of the strength of the details of the mechanism of the structure and the principle of operation of the mechanism of changing the base of the tractor.
Bench tests of the friction drive of the vertical spindle made of poly-V belts for improving cotton harvesters
Authors: Shoumarova M , Abdillayev T , Yusupov Sh A
Published: August 2022

The article reports that in order to improve the functional characteristics of the friction drive of vertical spindles, it was proposed to replace its conventional V-belts with poly-V-belts. Therefore, rollers with changed parameters are installed on the spindles, while maintaining the magnitude of the rolling radius of serial rollers. To determine the functionality of the new drive, a stand with a single spindle drum was created, which allows you to determine all the performance indicators of the polyline drive. The main task of research on this stand was to determine the possibility of creating a traction (friction) force of the drive that always exceeds the resistance force of a cotton bush clamped in a narrow working slot of the harvesting apparatus. To assess the functionality of a new version of the friction drive, a comparison technique was used when at the beginning the friction (thrust) force of a serial roller with a V-belt drive was measured, and then, on the stand-pull force of the drive with a poly-V-belt. A special device was made to measure the pulling force of the belts.
Cleaning the lubricant from mechanical impurities using a magnet-cotton filter
Authors: Olimjonov R Z , Gulmatov A B
Published: August 2022

This article examines the issues of contamination by mechanical impurities flowing from the environment into the oil of an internal combustion engine or tractor hydraulic system, the intensity of wear of pairs of rubbing surfaces, methods for reducing abrasive wear, destruction of the oil film layer, dispersed component, the ingress of abrasive particles (formed due to friction between pairs of rubbing parts) into the oil sump and hydraulic system tractors. Filtration of internal combustion engine oil or tractor hydraulic system, description of magnetic cotton filter and design features of this filter. After passing through magnetically cotton filtration, the purified oil is pumped to the rubbing surfaces to reduce friction, cool the rubbing surfaces from the heat generated and wash away abrasive particles from the rubbing surfaces.
Reducing the technosphere impact of agricultural machines by expanding the low-temperature applicability of alternative fuels
Authors: Buzikov S V , Buzikova O M , Motovilova M V
Published: August 2022

The subject of the study was alternative fuels used in agricultural machines. As an alternative fuel, a mixture consisting of diesel fuel, rapeseed oil and a targeted additive was considered. The main task was to develop a method for expanding the limits of low-temperature properties of alternative fuels used in tractors of agricultural machines. Because of the studies, a mathematical calculation model for determining the clouding temperature of an alternative fuel with the addition of a targeted additive was developed, the obtained calculation mathematical model was tested with experimental data, which showed 96 % convergence of theoretical calculations with experimental data. The low-temperature applicability of alternative fuel has been expanded by 9 degrees, and it has been proven that for normal operation of a diesel engine in low temperature conditions on fuel with rapeseed oil additives, it is advisable to use a multifunctional additive DIFRON H372 up to 2 %, which allows reducing the level of technospheric impact on the environment.
Stepped plow with cutting disc for tillage of sloping fields
Authors: Rashidov N Sh , Maiviatov F M , Babajanov L K , Xujakulov A
Published: August 2022

The aim of the research is to justify the design scheme and mutual arrangement of plough working elements for anti-erosion treatment of sloping fields. The authors have developed a stepped plough, which carries out beardless smooth plowing of sloping fields and formation of anti-erosion intermittent. The proposed technology firstly performs the turnover of layers within its own furrow, strip-tillage loosening of soil, then anti-erosion ridges and intermittent furrows with barriers of the arable land. Plough, carrying out this technology consists of stepwise located in the longitudinal direction of the right-harrowing screw bodies, skimmers, laughers and cut spherical discs that form on the surface of the arable anti-erosion ridges and pre-irrigated furrows with obstacles. The constructive scheme of offered plough. Parameters of spherical disk, mutual positioning of body, ploughing tool and spherical disk have been justified by theoretical investigations. For providing of the required quality of work diameter of the cut spherical disk should be within 420-510 cm, the angle of its installation 28-32°, minimum angle of sector of cut should be 49°, the depth of the sector not less than 10 cm, cut spherical disk even not less than 110 cm.
Determining the parameters of the grinder rotor and its blades for grinding coarse feed
Authors: Karshiev F U , Mamato F , G`apparov Sh
Published: August 2022

The rotary crusher allows you to qualitatively grind pressed roughage. The authors proposed and developed an improved technological scheme of an impact crusher equipped with two beaters for dosed transfer to the grinding chamber. The impact crusher consists of a transfer chute, metering beaters, a chopping chamber, a rotor, chopping knives, fixed knives, an exit chute, a feed bin and an electric motor. The efficiency of work is determined by the following parameters: length, width and thickness of knives, rotor speed. The purpose of the work is to substantiate the parameters of the rotor and its knives. Analytical dependencies are obtained to determine the parameters of the knife. Theoretical studies have established that the minimum length of the knife should be 6.9 cm, the width of the knife is 50 mm, and its thickness is 4 mm. A model for the theoretical calculation of the probability of grinding roughage of the required size within the limits of zootechnical requirements has been obtained. Based on the calculations, the probability of cutting the feed of the required size, depending on the number of rotation of the rotors, was established.
Ensuring the operation of the impact crusher with the lowest energy costs
Authors: Abdurokhmonov Sh X , Umirov N T
Published: August 2022

The article presents the indicators that determine the performance and energy costs ofthe impact crusher and the methodology for conducting experimental studies. During the test, the measurements were carried out at different values of the gap of the working chamber and thespeed of the rotor. Results of experimental studies. Theoretical models of the dependence ofproductivity and specific work on the gap in the working chamber of an impact crusher are obtained. Graphic dependences of the gap in the working chamber on productivity and specificwork in various speed modes. High-quality crushed products with the lowest energy costs andcorresponding to the zootechnical requirements for this, it is necessary to have a gap in the working chamber within 1.5 - 2.5 mm.
Development of fish feed distributor device
Authors: Astanakulov K D , Kurbonov F K , Shomirzaev M Kh
Published: August 2022

Although the natural conditions of Uzbekistan do not allow to start fishing on a large scale, in order to meet the needs of the population for fish meat and products, attention is being paid to the development of this industry at the level of possibility. In Uzbekistan, fishing is mainly raised in naturally and artificially created ponds of 1-2 hectares, in reservoirs and lakes up to 5 hectares in size. One of the most important tasks in raising fish is to feed them properly and to distribute nutrients equally. However, due to lack of equipment used in fish feeding, this process is done manually. This makes it difficult to feed fish in larger ponds or during rainfall, and it is not possible for them to distribute the food evenly. Considering this we conducted research on the development of a device that distributes food to fish, and an experimental sample of the device was developed. The mass of the device is not more than 100 kg, it can penetrate up to 3 m into ponds and basins, and when necessary, for example, when loading feed into a hopper, it is possible to move back and bring it to the edge of the pond.
Determination results of disc plough hang mechanism and support disc parameters
Authors: Ishmuradov Sh U , Abdumajidov R B
Published: August 2022

In recent years, due to the steadily crept of implementaton of energy and resource saving technics and technologies as well machines in agricultural branch, the utilising of ploughs in the main tillage (ploughing) in the form of spherical disks, ie the working body. In this article we present the results of experiments and research to substantiate the distance from top to bottom side H1 of support disc of disc plough to the bottom side mounting area of the suspension device and the diameter of the support disc of the plough. This means that the distance from the support disc to the lower mounting points of the suspension device should be in the range of 650-700 mm to ensure that the disc plough is well immersed in the ground and the driving depth is stable and the required transport clearance is maintained. Diameter of the support disc should be in the range 500-550 mm, so that the width of coverage is stable.
Synthesis, structure and luminescent properties of co-precipitated europium and aluminum hydroxides
Authors: Bugaets O N , Kaygorodova E A , Bugaets I A , Kosyanok N E , Bugaets N A
Published: August 2022

The big relevance is acquired by issues of development of methods of receiving phosphors, and studying influence on their spectral characteristics of features of structure. Red phosphors which part compounds of europium are of particular interest. Ions of europium have such properties as rather big difference of energy between its resonant and the main levels, providing radiation in the visible range; not degeneracy of these levels; the most important transitions are poorly subject to effect of the crystal field; a good possibility of the theoretical description of the processes happening in the materials containing europium ions. Ranges of a luminescence of the system received by continuous joint sedimentation of hydroxides (CDH) of europium and aluminum at a stage of crystallization of amorphous products are measured. The complex research of the CDH system is conducted by methods of the physicochemical analysis: differential and thermal, IK-spectroscopic, X-ray phase, X-ray fluorescent, power dispersive. The dependence of intensity of a luminescence of a system, from synthesis conditions is analyzed: concentration of initial components, structures of firm phases, temperatures, time (after a year of aging).
Optimization of sunflower husk utilization methods using various ultrasonic treatment methods
Authors: Atlanderova K N , Duskaev G K , Bykov AV
Published: August 2022

The article considers the assessment of the impact of ultrasonic treatment under the influence of such parameters as pH of the environment, temperature, time and power on the chemical composition of sunflower husks as well as for waste disposal in oil extraction production with subsequent use in animal feeding in order to achieve a closed-loop economy model. Ultrasonic treatment with water at 20 °C, 15 minutes, 27 kHz increases the mass fraction of fat from 1.43% to 2.63% relative to other samples, with an increase in temperature to 70 °C, the mass fraction of crude protein increases by 5.31% and the mass fraction decreases crude fiber by 5.8% relative to control. The elemental profile of crushed sunflower husks changed with different models of ultrasonic treatment, in all samples there was an increase in the content of the mass fraction of calcium, the greatest difference was achieved in sample No. 2 times higher than control. The mass fraction of iron in almost all samples increased, the maximum value was in sample No. 5 (ultrasound treatment at 20 °C, 15 minutes, 27 kHz + lactic acid to pH – 4) by 24.9 mg/kg higher relative to the control. The impact of ultrasound on the samples, gives a decrease in the content of palmitoleic acid to 0.3% and an increase in stearic acid by 0.8% relative to the sample not subjected to ultrasonic treatment.
Environmental aspects of processing and use wastewater sludge in agriculture
Authors: Negmatov Mirzobakhrom , Boboeva Gulmira , Negmatov Ulugbek
Published: August 2022

The article shows the effectiveness of the use of sewage sludge as a fertilizer. It has been established that sewage sludge from the city of Namangan meets the regulatory requirements in terms of its indicators and can be used as an organo-mineral fertilizer in agriculture, industrial floriculture and green construction to create a fertile layer.
Increasing the efficiency of sedimentation tanks for drinking water treatment
Authors: Juraev Sh , Akramov A , Abdurazzokov A , Pathidinova U
Published: August 2022

The sedimentation process is of great importance in the purification of drinking water. To improve the efficiency of horizontal sedimentation tanks for drinking water treatment, it is recommended to use thin-layer sedimentation tanks. Experimental studies of the effectiveness of water distribution methods in a thin-layer sump were carried out on model and semi-industrial installations. The settling tank model was made of organic glass at a scale of 1:12. In accordance with the scale factor and the Froude criterion, Qo, tp, Vp were determined. An analysis of the research results showed that for all values of m, the closest approximation of Vph to Vr was achieved when the upper edges of the plates were located along a curve calculated using a method that considers the water flow in the distribution volume as a flow of variable mass. KOI at the same time exceeded 90%. It has been established that with a 3-4-fold increase in the hydraulic load of the sump with the proposed method of water distribution, its KOI decreases slightly (from 92-95% to 74-85%), while with the location of the upper edges of the plates along an inclined or horizontal straight line, the KOI decreases from 68-83% to 15-20%. For the conditions of production operation of sedimentation tanks, where, depending on the time of day, year and production technology, the amount of drinking water can vary widely, this circumstance is of particular importance. As a result, the efficiency of the drinking water treatment process will be increased.
Prospects for the use of artificial intelligence in the agricultural sector
Authors: Rozhkova A V , Stupina A A , Korpacheva L N , Rozhkov S E , Dzhioeva N N
Published: August 2022

The relevance of the study is due to the fact that there is a rapid development of artificial intelligence technologies, due to breakthroughs in the digital environment and the uncertainty of their application in the agricultural sector. It should be noted that Russia plays an important role in the world history for the development of these technologies, but the Soviet management model limits the rapid development of digital technologies in modern Russia. Artificial intelligence technologies are of particular importance, as they are used for big data analysis, robotics and as the basis for various forecasting algorithms. The article reveals the role of artificial intelligence in solving complex tasks in agriculture, identifies the main barriers to the introduction of digital technologies and identifies perspective direction of application for artificial intelligence technologies. Due to the lack of scientific developments on this issue, the lack of research on the feasibility and effectiveness of the using artificial intelligence, the lack of methodological recommendations for the introduction of these technologies and systematic training of artificial intelligence, it is difficult to use artificial intelligence in agricultural organizations. For Russia, the issue of agricultural automation is particularly important: over the past 10 years, the number of workers in the industry has more than halved. In the future, automated systems can improve rural areas and keep production there, since most of the rural population is no longer engaged in agriculture. Agriculture remains one of the most important and largest industries, and even a small increase in efficiency will lead to a significant increase due to its scale.
The drip irrigation method is a guarantee of high yields
Authors: Dustov J A , Xusanbayeva N S , Radjabova M M
Published: August 2022

This article presents information about the preliminary results of the research work carried out to develop optimal irrigation procedures using the method of drip irrigation of soybean varieties, taking into account the growing demand for food in the world and our country, and the increase in the cost of environmentally friendly protein.
Weather risks in grain production
Authors: Kumratova A M , Chupin R I , Aleschenko V V , Aleschenko O A
Published: August 2022

Grain production depends primarily on weather conditions. The paper provides a comparative detailing of meteorological factors affecting the productivity of grain production in the world. The main global factors in the context of climate change that affect the world indicators of the productivity of grain production are natural and climatic conditions with the corresponding Rhesus (risk-extreme values): air temperature during the growing season of grain crops (abnormal heat/frosts); precipitation in the spring-summer period (drought/showers). Based on the analysis of the group of meteorological factors that affect the productivity of grain production, presented by the authors, we can conclude that there are factors of global warming, which leads to a change in productivity and has sharp reversals in the form of “recession/rise". Moreover, speaking about the further development of these agricultural systems, one can state the presence of uncertainty in factors, both objective and external (precipitation, temperature). In this case, by risk we mean the randomness and uncertainty of results in the agricultural sector of the grain-producing territories of the world, which is higher than in other areas of human life.
Environmentally oriented techniques to reduce methanogenesis in dairy farming
Authors: Slozhenkina A A , Mosolova N I , Komlatsky G V , Gorlov I F , Puzanova V A , Mosolov A A , Surkova S A
Published: August 2022

With the globalization of production, all countries in the world are working to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Agriculture accounts for about 11-12% of the total, with methane emissions from the digestive tract of ruminants and nitrous oxide from manure, especially when stored in open lagoons, being the main sources in livestock production. The aim of the research was to analyze existing technological measures to reduce methanogenesis in dairy cattle production. The volume of intestinal fermentation products in dairy cattle depends on the growing technology, the number of livestock and the amount of roughage in the diet. By optimizing feed, methane emissions can be reduced by 10-15%, with high levels of degradable starch and low fiber content contributing to the reduction of methanogenesis. Special feed additives show good results in combating methanogenesis. The introduction of plant extracts into the diet of animals affects the change in the taxonomic composition of the microbiome of the gastrointestinal tract of animals. New phytogenic additives containing essential oils, herbs and spices and used in feed rations not only contribute to optimal productivity and profitability, but are also the best solution to reduce emissions of harmful gases in animal production. Some plant metabolites, especially esters, have the effect of reducing the breakdown of carbohydrates and proteins in the rumen by selective suppression of some microorganisms and at the same time have a positive effect on reducing methane emissions. The use of phytogenetics fits harmoniously into the strategy of organic, environmentally friendly cattle breeding. Due to the limited amount of data on the problem of methane emission reduction in dairy cattle breeding, it is promising and relevant to continue research on the mechanism and ways to control methanogenesis in the rumen of cows using natural additives of plant origin.