bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A dense R‐CNN multi‐target instance segmentation model and its application in medical image processing
Authors: Yang Ruiping , Yu Jiguo , Yin Jian , Liu Kun , Xu Shaohua
Published: April 2022

In the medical image analysis domain, medical image segmentation has a significant impact on the quantitative analysis of organ or tissue function, as the first and critical component of diagnosis and treatment pipeline. In this paper, a dense R‐CNN segmentation model based on dual‐attention are proposed for medical images multi‐target instance segmentation. The model combines channel and spatial attention mechanism to extract image features and fuse multi‐scale feature information hierarchically. It combines up‐sampling strategies such as dilated convolution and bilinear interpolation to strengthen the distinguishability between multi‐target instances and pixel‐level features in other regions. The multi‐target detection mechanism of R‐CNN is combined with the multi‐scale feature extraction and fusion ability of dense convolution network. In the encoding stage, the multi‐scale hybrid bottleneck module and deformable convolution are introduced to extract more accurate structural feature information and increase the receptive‐field. In the decoding stage, the bilinear interpolation and the adaptive hierarchical fusion mechanism are used to strengthen the distinguishability between the target region and other regions, and improve the accuracy of instance segmentation. Taking cardiac MRI segmentation as an example, the left and right ventricles, and left ventricular myocardium are selected as segmentation targets. The pixel accuracy is 90.82%, the class pixel accuracy is 87.91%, the mean intersection‐over‐union is 81.52%, the Dice coefficient is 89.82%, and Hausdorff distance is 9.2, which is improved compared with other methods. It verifies the accuracy and applicability of the proposed method for multi‐target instance segmentation of medical images.
Performance improvement for large floating wind turbine by using a non‐linear pitch system based on neuro‐adaptive fault‐tolerant control
Authors: Wang Lei , Jin Fangjun , Chen Jiawei , Gao Yang , Du Xin , Zhang Zhihong , Xu Zhiliang , Yang Jiongming
Published: April 2022

To stabilize the power out and reduce the dynamic loads in the over‐rated state, the pitch system is key for regulating pitch angle to the desired one obtained from the command layer. Here, actuator failure of the pitch system is considered and a neural adaptive fault‐tolerant control strategy with a rate function is proposed. More specifically, a non‐linear model of the pitch system considering time‐varying parameter uncertainties and unknown disturbances is established firstly. Then, the neural network is used to counteract the external disturbance and system uncertainty. The rate function with adjustable parameters is designed to transform the error, which makes the tracking error decrease at a fast rate and converge to a small zero domain, and realize the control goal of accurate and fast tracking the desired pitch angle of the pitch system. A co‐simulation is developed, and the merits of the proposed method are verified.
Asymmetric‐fed triband antenna for military radars and 5G applications using microstrip technology
Authors: Bamy Ce Lakpo , Moukala Mpele Pierre
Published: April 2022

Achieving antenna size reduction while maintaining high efficiency and multiband characteristics with wide bandwidths across all the operating frequency bands is highly demanded and challenging in microstrip antennas. A novel compact triband quasi‐rho‐shaped and cost‐effective antenna is designed on a 7 × 7 × 1 mm3 FR4 substrate having a permittivity of 4.4 and a loss tangent of 0.02. With an electrical size of 0.39λ0 × 0.39λ0 × 0.056λ0, where λ0 is the free space wavelength at 16.84 GHz, a circular slot and asymmetric microstrip feed are used to achieve the desires performance. The proposed antenna is designed, simulated, and optimized using high‐frequency structure simulator (HFSS) software, and its prototype is fabricated to validate its electromagnetic performance. Furthermore, an equivalent circuit is proposed using the Foster canonical model. The proposed antenna exhibits a maximum stable gain of 5.32 dB and an average radiation efficiency of 77.87% in all the operating frequency bands. The measurement results show that the antenna covers (16.84–18.15 GHz), (24.78–27.40 GHz), and (34.47–37.22 GHz) bands centred at 17.39 GHz, 25.98 GHz, and 35.83 GHz, respectively, with a minimum wide bandwidth (S11 ≤ −10 dB) of 1.31 GHz. The acquired results illustrate that the quasi‐rho‐shaped antenna is suitable for military radars and 5G applications.
La trempe des aciers, points de vue techniques, historiques et scientifiques. Déblocage scientifique et développement des traitements thermiques au début du 20e siècle
Authors: Le Coze Jean
Published: April 2022

Au début du 20e siècle, se développa une nouvelle interprétation du durcissement par trempe des aciers, qui remplaça définitivement la « théorie des pores », héritée d’Aristote. La diffraction des rayons X dans les métaux considérés comme des réseaux cristallins constitués d’atomes, permit de déterminer les structures cristallographiques du fer, ouvrit la voie à la description des solutions solides et identifia une variété allotropique hors d’équilibre du fer, très durcissante, produite par la trempe : la martensite. La métallurgie physique se développa sur ces bases scientifiques et de nombreuses familles d’aciers spéciaux et alliés devinrent disponibles, avec leur choix de traitements thermiques.
Auf der Suche nach der Ursache: Kausalität
Authors: Mehrholz Jan
Published: April 2022

Kausalität bezeichnet die Beziehung von Ursache und Wirkung. Bestimmte
Kriterien helfen, in der medizinischen Forschung eine vermutete
Kausalität von Erregern und Erkrankung zu
überprüfen.
Manuelle Geburtsarbeit
Authors: Klotzsch Anne-Katrin
Published: April 2022

Von Hebammen betreute Menschen in besten Händen

Unsere Hände
spielen in unserem Beruf eine besondere Rolle. Wir ertasten mithilfe der
Leopoldschen Handgriffe die Lage des Kindes von außen, untersuchen von
vaginal die Eröffnung des Muttermundes sowie die Einstellung des
vorangehenden Teils oder können mit Massagetechniken und Berührungen
Entspannung und Schmerzlinderung während der Geburt schaffen. Unsere
manuellen Skills sind dabei vielseitig und essenziell. Hebammen sind dazu
befähigt und qualifiziert, weitab von technischen
Überwachungsmöglichkeiten eine umfängliche Betreuung in der
Schwangerschaft und über die Geburt hinaus zu ermöglichen. Schon
während der Ausbildung werden diese manuellen Skills fokussiert gelehrt und
erlernt sowie über die Jahre trainiert und gefestigt.
Warum wir mehr intermittierende
Auskultation
wagen sollten
Authors: Biehler Katharina
Published: April 2022

Während der Geburt werden die kindlichen Herztöne
standardmäßig über das CTG erfasst. In einigen
Ländern gehört die Auskultation mit Hilfe des Hörrohrs
oder Doptons zum Standard bei risikoarmen Geburten – mit Vorteilen
für Mutter und Kind.
Sterile Water Injections als alternative Schmerzerleichterung
während der Geburt
Authors: Leisner Ines
Published: April 2022

Das Injizieren von sterilem Wasser an bestimmten Punkten im Rücken ist
eine sichere und effektive Methode, um Rückenschmerzen während
der Geburt zu verringern. Bisher sind die sogenannten Sterile Water Injections
in Deutschland noch wenig verbreitet. Dabei bieten sie das Potenzial, das
Wohlbefinden der Gebärenden zu erhöhen und die Interventionsrate
zu senken.
Die Skaphoidfraktur – Grundlagen und
Behandlungskonzepte
Authors: Schneider Christopher Benedikt
Published: April 2022

Skaphoidfrakturen werden in der Diagnostik häufig übersehen.
Jedes Extensionstrauma des Handgelenks bei jungen Patienten sollte dahingehend
untersucht werden. Nicht dislozierte Frakturen profitieren meist von
konservativer Behandlung, während dislozierte Frakturen operiert werden
sollten.
Wird die psychosoziale Begleitung von Eltern Früh- und kranker Neugeborener als Mittel der Prävention von sozialer Benachteiligung genutzt?
Authors: Rößler Gesine , Thome Ulrich , Mühler Katrin , Knüpfer Matthias , Pulzer Ferdinand , Kiess Wieland
Published: April 2022

2014 wurde in Deutschland die seit 2005 bestehende Richtlinie des Gemeinsamen Bundesausschusses (G-BA) zur Begleitung von Eltern Frühgeborener und kranker Neugeborener an Level-1- und -2-Kliniken, um psychosoziale Strukturvorgaben erweitert.

Ziel der Studie war neben der Feststellung der allgemeinen Nutzung des Beratungsangebotes, die Unterschiede in der Betreuung von sozial benachteiligten Familien und nicht sozial benachteiligten Familien darzustellen.

Bereits seit 2005 beschäftigte die Universitätskinderklinik Leipzig eine Sozialpädagogin auf diesem Gebiet.

Untersucht wurde die psychosoziale Begleitung von 1265 Familien mit 1470 Kindern (37 % der neonatologisch betreuten Kinder) in den Jahren 2008–2010 und 2012–2014.

Herausgearbeitet wurden soziale und wirtschaftliche Merkmale der Familien mit deren Hilfe eine Unterteilung in sozial benachteiligte (Gruppe 1) und nicht sozial benachteiligte Familien (Gruppe 2) möglich war.

Es erfolgten eine Darstellung der Beratung mit Art und Häufigkeit der Kontakte aller Familien sowie ein Vergleich der zwei zu untersuchenden Gruppen miteinander.

Insgesamt nutzten 854 Familien (67,5 %) die Möglichkeit einer Sozialberatung. 409 Eltern (32,3 %) wurden psychosozial begleitet.

Sozial benachteiligte Familien nahmen das Angebot sozialer Unterstützungsmöglichkeiten seltener in Anspruch als nicht sozial benachteiligte Familien (55,7 % versus 72,8 %). Psychologische Beratungen wurden von sozial benachteiligten Familien weniger genutzt als von nicht sozial benachteiligten Familien (38,3 % versus 20,4 %).

Sozial benachteiligte Familien nahmen das Hilfsangebot seltener und weniger umfassend in Anspruch als nicht sozial benachteiligte Familien, die eine Beratung möglicherweise von sich aus eher eingefordert hatten.
VIELEN DANK UND HERZLICH WILLKOMMEN
Authors: Garten Daniela , Hünig Johanna
Published: April 2022

Es gibt einen Wechsel im Herausgeber*innen-Team: Zum Jahreswechsel hat
Daniela Garten den Staffelstab weitergegeben an Johanna Hünig. Wir sagen
DANKE, liebe Daniela, und willkommen im Team, liebe Johanna!
Erfahrungsbericht: Implementierung einer bedarfsorientierten E-Procurement-Lösung im Krankenhaus
Authors: Berse Olaf
Published: April 2022

Mit einer individuellen E-Procurement-Plattform wurden digitale Prozesse für den Einkauf zentralisiert. Über verschiedene Schnittstellen und durch einheitliche Standards schließt eine Einkaufsgemeinschaft ihre Lieferanten und Krankenhäuser vereinfacht an.
Device-Einsatz im Krankenhaus: Die Zukunft der Bestellung mit Smart Devices und künstlicher Intelligenz
Authors: Hintze Marcus , Rauch Christian
Published: April 2022

Der Einsatz von Smart Devices und künstlicher Intelligenz wird in nahezu allen Bereichen des Lebens Veränderungen mit sich bringen, so auch im Gesundheitswesen und im Arbeitsumfeld von Krankenhäusern. Dabei lohnt es sich, den Blick nicht nur auf die medizinischen und pflegerischen Möglichkeiten zu richten. Auch in der Verwaltung und in den Sekundärprozessen wie der Krankenhauslogistik sind mit diesen Technologien positive Effekte zu erzielen.
Terahertz spintronic magnetometer (TSM)
Authors: Agarwal Piyush , Yang Yingshu , Lourembam James , Medwal Rohit , Battiato Marco , Singh Ranjan
Published: April 2022

A ferromagnetic metal consists of localized electrons and conduction electrons coupled through strong exchange interaction. Together, these localized electrons contribute to the magnetization of the system, while conduction electrons lead to the formation of spin and charge current. Femtosecond out of equilibrium photoexcitation of ferromagnetic thin films generates a transient spin current at ultrafast timescales that have opened a route to probe magnetism offered by the conduction electrons. In the presence of a neighboring heavy metal layer, the non-equilibrium spin current is converted into a pulsed charge current and gives rise to terahertz (THz) emission. Here, we propose and demonstrate a tool known as the terahertz spintronic magnetometry. The hysteresis loop obtained by sweeping terahertz (THz) pulse amplitude as a function of the magnetic field is in excellent agreement with the vibrating-sample magnetometer measurements. Furthermore, a modified transfer-matrix method employed to model the THz propagation within the heterostructure theoretically elucidates a linear relationship between the THz pulse amplitude and sample magnetization. The strong correlation, thus, reveals spintronic terahertz emission as an ultrafast magnetometry tool with reliable in-plane magnetization detection, highlighting its technological importance in the characterization of ferromagnetic thin-films through terahertz spintronic emission spectroscopy.
Numerical analysis of interaction between turbulent structures and transient sheet/cloud cavitation
Authors: Tian Beichen , Chen Jie , Zhao Xin , Zhang Mengjie , Huang Biao
Published: April 2022

This paper through the in-house code numerically examines the cavitation–vortex–turbulence interaction mechanism. The high grid resolution can obtain a more detailed flow field structure, which is helpful to reveal the relationship between cavitation occurrence and development and local turbulent flow field. Results are presented for a three-dimensional NACA66 hydrofoil fixed at an 8° angle of attack under a moderate Reynolds number of 1 × 106 and sheet/cloud cavitating conditions. Numerical simulations are performed via the boundary data immersion method coupled with the artificial compressibility method through a Fortran-based code. The results show that the numerical predictions are capable of capturing the unsteady cavitation characteristics, in accordance with the quantitative features observed in high-speed cavitation tunnel experiments. The evolution of the transient cavitating flow can be divided into three stages: growth of the attached sheet cavity, development of a re-entrant jet, and cloud shedding downstream. The Liutex method is applied to capture the vortex structure. Further analysis of the process of enstrophy transport reveals that cavitation promotes vortex production and increases the enstrophy as the cavity becomes more unstable. Moreover, the structure of the vortex gradually evolves from a vortex tube to a U-type vortex, Ω-type vortex, and streamwise vortex. Finally, the interaction between cavitation and turbulence is expounded using the turbulent energy transport equation, which demonstrates that cavitation promotes the production, diffusion, and dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy, while the viscous transport term only acts during the process of cloud cavity shedding.
TIA: A forward model and analyzer for Talbot interferometry experiments of dense plasmas
Authors: Pérez-Callejo G. , Bouffetier V. , Ceurvorst L. , Goudal T. , Valdivia M. P. , Stutman D. , Casner A.
Published: April 2022

Interferometry is one of the most sensitive and successful diagnostic methods for plasmas. However, owing to the design of most common interferometric systems, the wavelengths of operation and, therefore, the range of densities and temperatures that can be probed are severely limited. Talbot–Lau interferometry offers the possibility of extending interferometry measurements to x-ray wavelengths by means of the Talbot effect. While there have been several proof-of-concept experiments showing the efficacy of this method, it is only recently that experiments to probe High Energy Density (HED) plasmas using Talbot–Lau interferometry are starting to take place. To improve these experimental designs, we present here the Talbot-Interferometry Analyzer (TIA) tool, a forward model for generating and postprocessing synthetic x-ray interferometry images from a Talbot–Lau interferometer. Although TIA can work with any two-dimensional hydrodynamic code to study plasma conditions as close to reality as possible, this software has been designed to work by default with output files from the hydrodynamic code FLASH, making the tool user-friendly and accessible to the general plasma physics community. The model has been built into a standalone app, which can be installed by anyone with access to the MATLAB runtime installer and is available upon request to the authors.
Bifurcation in flows of wormlike micellar solutions past three vertically aligned microcylinders in a channel
Authors: Khan Mohd Bilal , Sasmal C.
Published: April 2022

This study presents a numerical investigation of path switching and selection phenomena in flows of wormlike micellar solutions (WLMs) past three vertically aligned microcylinders in a channel in the creeping flow regime. The flow characteristics of the wormlike micellar solution are examined with the help of a two-species Vasquez–Cook–McKinley constitutive model, which considers both the breakage and re-formation dynamics of wormlike micelles. At low Weissenberg numbers (ratio of the elastic to that of the viscous forces, Wi), the flow field in the present system is found to be steady and symmetric. Furthermore, the WLM solution passes through all the passages present between the microcylinders and channel walls. However, as the Weissenberg number reaches a critical value Wicri, a transition in the flow field from steady to unsteady occurs. Furthermore, the flow field is found to be bifurcated (a transition from symmetric to asymmetric flow field also occurs) as the Weissenberg number gradually increases. However, we observe that all these transitions are strongly dependent on the micelle breakage rate (i.e., how easy or hard to break a micelle) and the intercylinder gap. This study is an extension of our earlier studies on the flow of WLMs past a single and two vertically aligned microcylinders, which are often considered as model porous media for studying the flow dynamics of various complex fluids. The results presented in this work will be relevant for understanding the path switching phenomena of complex fluids during their flow through a porous media.
Epitaxial growth and phase evolution of ferroelectric La-doped HfO2 films
Authors: Shen Zhi , Liao Lei , Zhou Yong , Xiong Ke , Zeng Jinhua , Wang Xudong , Chen Yan , Liu Jingjing , Guo Tianle , Zhang Shukui , Lin Tie , Shen Hong , Meng Xiangjian , Wang Yiwei , Cheng Yan , Yang Jing , Chen Pan , Wang Lifen , Bai Xuedong , Chu Junhao , Wang Jianlu
Published: April 2022

Hafnium-oxide-based materials are considered a promising candidate for next-generation nonvolatile memory devices owing to their good CMOS compatibility and robust ferroelectricity at the nanoscale. In this work, we synthesize highly (111)-oriented La-doped HfO2 (HLO) ferroelectric thin films via pulsed laser deposition. Furthermore, the effect of La dopant concentration, thickness, and growth temperature on the ferroelectricity of HLO films is investigated in detail. A maximum remnant polarization of ∼9 μC/cm2 is achieved for only the 5-nm-thick 3 mol. % HLO films without a wake-up process. The 180° inversion of the domain, the butterfly-shaped capacitance–voltage curve, and typical ferroelectric displacement current curve further demonstrate the robust ferroelectricity at the nanoscale. Moreover, the phase evolves from the monoclinic to the orthorhombic and subsequently to the cubic phase with increasing La concentration, which is due to the combined action of oxygen vacancy, epitaxial strain, and chemical pressure. Additionally, in the interface configuration of HLO/La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO), the MnO20.7− layer is substituted by the HLO layer on the MnO2-terminated surface of LSMO, which can be attributed to the fact that the HLO layer with higher electronegativity replaces the MnO20.7− layer with the same electronegativity in the HLO film. Therefore, this study provides a reliable pathway for directly obtaining a lightly doped HLO ferroelectric thin film, which can help to broaden the understanding of the ferroelectric physical mechanisms with element doping.
Morphological effects of leading-edge serrations on the acoustic signatures of mixed flow fan
Authors: Wang Jinxin , Ishibashi Kenta , Ikeda Teruaki , Fujii Takeo , Nakata Toshiyuki , Liu Hao
Published: April 2022

Leading-edge (LE) noise is a common source of broadband noise for fans that can be suppressed using appended LE serrations. We conduct an integrated study of the morphological effects of interval, length, and inclination angle of owl-inspired LE serrations on the aeroacoustic characteristics of a mixed flow fan using experiments, computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and the Ffowcs Williams–Hawkings (FWH) analogy. A novel method for surface noise strength (SNS) visualization was developed based on the FWH analogy with large-eddy simulations to accurately quantify the spatial distributions of acoustic sources. A CFD-informed index is proposed to evaluate the severity of flow separation with the pressure gradient and verified to be effective in examining the chord-wise separation. Acoustic measurements show the robust trade-off solving capability of the serrations under various morphologies, and the SNS visualizations indicate that the separation-induced LE noise is suppressed considerably. One-third octave analyses suggest that extending serration length can lower separation noise more effectively than shrinking the interval over 100–3000 Hz. A smaller interval is more desirable while an optimal length exists in association with tonal noise. Moreover, small inclination angles (≤20°) enable the deceleration of oncoming flows with stagnation relieved, and consequently, further suppress the LE noise, by a flow-buffering effect. Heavy inclination angles (≥40°) induce an additional tip vortex, causing high-coherence turbulence impingement noise and resulting in a drastic increase in broadband noise at frequencies exceeding 4000 Hz. Our study, thus, clarifies the morphological effects of LE serrations on aeroacoustic signatures of rotary devices while providing useful methods for acoustic analyses.
Turbulent vertical convection under vertical vibration
Authors: Guo Xin-Qian , Wang Bo-Fu , Wu Jian-Zhao , Chong Kai Leong , Zhou Quan
Published: April 2022

Vertical convection (VC) under the action of vertical vibration in a square cavity has been investigated using direct numerical simulation. The simulations are conducted with Prandtl number Pr fixed at 4.38 and Rayleigh number Ra ranging from 108 to 1010. To examine the influence of vertical vibration, the dimensionless vibration frequency is varied in the range of 0≤ω≤1000 and a small dimensionless amplitude is fixed at a=1.52×10−3. First, for low vibration frequency, trivial results are obtained where flow structures and the scalings of Nu and Re resemble that of the standard VC cases. In contrast, when the vibration frequency ω increases beyond a critical value ω*, a strong shearing effect from vibration leads to abundant eruptions of thermal plumes from sidewalls, and thus a laminar-turbulent transition of the bulk flow. As a result, heat-transport is greatly enhanced and the scaling exponent β of Nu∼Raβ substantially increases in such the vibration-dominated regime. In specific, the scaling relations obtained transit from Nu∼Ra0.25 and Re∼Ra0.37 at ω = 0 in the laminar regime to Nu∼Ra0.42 and Re∼Ra0.52 at ω≳300 in the turbulent regime. Analysis of the mean flow field shows that the vibration thins the thermal boundary layer and enhances the thermal dissipation rate in the bulk region. Furthermore, we found that the trend of Nu and Re can be well described by the vibrational Rayleigh number Ravib. In particular, Nu is insensitive to Ravib for Ravib≤Ravib*, whereas Nu(ω)/Nu(0)∼(Ravib/Ravib*)0.42 for Ravib>Ravib*, where the critical vibrational Rayleigh number exhibits a scaling relation Ravib*∼Ra0.68 obtained from numerical results.
All-epitaxial, laterally structured plasmonic materials
Authors: Skipper Alec M. , Petluru Priyanka , Ironside Daniel J. , García Ashlee M. , Muhowski Aaron J. , Wasserman Daniel , Bank Seth R.
Published: April 2022

Optoelectronic devices in the mid-infrared have attracted significant interest due to numerous potential applications in communications and sensing. Molecular beam epitaxial (MBE) growth of highly doped InAs has emerged as a promising “designer metal” platform for the plasmonic enhancement of mid-infrared devices. However, while typical plasmonic materials can be patterned to engineer strong localized resonances, the lack of lateral control in conventional MBE growth makes it challenging to create similar structures compatible with monolithically grown plasmonic InAs. To this end, we report the growth of highly doped InAs plasmonic ridges for the localized resonant enhancement of mid-IR emitters and absorbers. Furthermore, we demonstrate a method for regaining a planar surface above plasmonic corrugations, creating a pathway to epitaxially integrate these structures into active devices that leverage conventional growth and fabrication techniques.
A preclinical platform for assessing antitumor effects and systemic toxicities of cancer drug targets
Authors: Li Xiang , Huang Chun-Hao , Sánchez-Rivera Francisco J. , Kennedy Margaret C. , Tschaharganeh Darjus F. , Morris John P. , Montinaro Antonella , O'Rourke Kevin P. , Banito Ana , Wilkinson John E. , Chen Chi-Chao , Ho Yu-Jui , Dow Lukas E. , Tian Sha , Luan Wei , de Stanchina Elisa , Zhang Tinghu , Gray Nathanael S. , Walczak Henning , Lowe Scott W.
Published: April 2022

Significance

Many new cancer drugs fail at the clinical stage owing to poor efficacy and/or excessive toxicity, though whether this reflects shortcomings of the target or the drug is often unclear. To gain earlier insights into factors that can influence the therapeutic index of target inhibition in vivo, we combine inducible RNA interference and somatic engineering technologies to produce a cost-effective platform that enables systemic and inducible suppression of candidate target in normal tissues and tumor cells in the same mouse. By comparing the consequences of genetic and pharmacological CDK9 inhibition, we establish the utility of this platform to predict factors influencing the therapeutic index. Additionally, our studies provide support, and some cautionary notes, for the clinical development of CDK9 inhibitors.
Polar vortex crystals: Emergence and structure
Authors: Siegelman Lia , Young William R. , Ingersoll Andrew P.
Published: April 2022

Vortex crystals are quasiregular arrays of like-signed vortices in solid-body rotation embedded within a uniform background of weaker vorticity. Vortex crystals are observed at the poles of Jupiter and in laboratory experiments with magnetized electron plasmas in axisymmetric geometries. We show that vortex crystals form from the free evolution of randomly excited two-dimensional turbulence on an idealized polar cap. Once formed, the crystals are long lived and survive until the end of the simulations (300 crystal-rotation periods). We identify a fundamental length scale,Lγ=(U/γ)1/3, characterizing the size of the crystal in terms of the mean-square velocityUof the fluid and the polar parameterγ=fp/ap2, withfpthe Coriolis parameter at the pole andapthe polar radius of the planet.
Memes and the media narrative
Authors: Wiggins Bradley E.
Published: April 2022

This article presents the results of a critical discourse analysis of internet memes. This analysis considers the highly visual nature of internet memes situated in a context of meme-as-utterance prompting other remixed versions as memes-as-responses. Prior to the analysis an orientation to pragmatics as related to internet memes is presented. Following this is an overview of memes research and a necessary discussion of the role of media narratives in the construction and dissemination of internet memes. Finally, a series of memes tweeted in response to Nike’s inclusion of former National Football League player, Colin Kaepernick, in its Just Do It anniversary campaign, serves as the corpus of analysis.
On the interaction of core and emergent common ground in Internet memes
Authors: Diedrichsen Elke
Published: April 2022

Internet memes are meaningful objects of diverse shapes that spread across networks of mediated participation (term from Milner 2012: 10). The distribution and reception of memes bears aspects of communicative interaction, because memes establish usage conventions. This paper will be concerned with the pragmatics of Internet memes. Given that flexibility, novelty and originality are driving forces in meme culture, the question arises how traditional pragmatic notions like recipient design and common ground can be said to apply for the interaction with memes. Kecskes’ (2008, 2010, 2012, 2014; Kecskes and Zhang 2009) distinction between core common ground and emergent common ground will be discussed and put to use for an explanation of the complex interactive dynamics of Internet communication. This modern form of communication oscillates between reference to shared cultural contents and the establishment and perpetuation of conventions on the one hand, and the pursuit of originality on the other hand. This paper will demonstrate how memes can vary with respect to the degree to which they require core common ground or the generation of emergent common ground for their proper usage. The scale presented as a result of the discussion represents a continuum of the prevalence of semantics versus pragmatics involved in the usage and interpretation of memes.
Land management through conservation agriculture and associated practices.
Authors: Thierfelder Christian
Published: April 2022

This chapter presents conservation agriculture, which can help smallholder farmers build better resilience to the consequences of climate change and variable weather (including persistent droughts and unseasonal dry spells). It addresses challenges to crop productivity and profitability while promoting sustainable land use and supporting ecosystem services. Conservation agriculture is based on the principles of minimum soil disturbance, crop residue retention, and crop rotation.
The roles of national and global identities and leaders in the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines developed by different countries (Los roles de las identidades y los líderes nacionales y globales en la aceptación de las vacunas contra la COVID-19 desarrolladas por diferentes países)
Authors: Akfırat Serap , Üzümçeker Emir , Uysal Mete Sefa , Yurtbakan Taylan , Ergiyen Tolga , Görüryılmaz Taner
Published: April 2022

The current paper aims to study the social-psychological factors that would play roles in COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. Specifically, we examined whether national and global identifications and the leaders whom people think being in charge of managing the COVID-19 pandemic on a national scale could explain people’s acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccines developed by different countries. We proposed a model in which people’s assessment of the leader in terms of identity-leadership mediates the relationship between different identification types (i.e., global and national) and acceptance of Western, Asian or national vaccines. The model was tested on self-reported data collected in Turkey ( N = 694) utilizing Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) in R software. The results revealed that national identification positively predicted acceptance of national vaccines and negatively predicted acceptance of Western vaccines; both of the relationships were also mediated by people’s assessments of the leader in terms of identity-leadership dimensions. On the other side, global identification positively predicted acceptance of Western vaccines. The implications of the findings were discussed in terms of their practical contributions along with their theoretical relevance.
Probing the hydrophilic behaviour of e-beam evaporated silica thin films for PV-soiling application
Authors: Hossain M. I. , Al Kubaisi G. , Aïssa B. , Mansour S.
Published: April 2022

In this work, we report on the controlled change of the wetting behaviour of silica thin films deposited by a reactive e-beam evaporation. The as-deposited coated surfaces were treated with acetone solvent using an ultra-sonic bath followed by characterising their contact angles. As confirmed by a repeated contact angle measurement, the silica thin films changed their wetting behaviour from superhydrophilic to hydrophilic which we attributed to the creation of OH groups and hydroxylation process. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis suggested a SiO x stoichiometry of SiO1.85 for the non-treated samples and SiO1.91 for the solvent-treated ones. Such promising results pave the way to develop a cost-effective and efficient anti-soiling and self-cleaning coating for a large-scale application.
Sociodemographic Differences in Quality of Treatment to Medicaid Enrollees Receiving Buprenorphine
Authors: Landis Rachel K. , Levin Jonathan S. , Saloner Brendan , Gordon Adam J. , Dick Andrew W. , Sherry Tisamarie B. , Leslie Douglas L. , Sorbero Mark , Stein Bradley D.
Published: April 2022

Background: Buprenorphine is a key medication to treat opioid use disorder, but little is known about how treatment quality varies across sociodemographic groups. Objective: We examined measures of treatment quality and explored variation by sociodemographic factors. Methods: We used Medicaid MAX data from 50 states from 2006 to 2014 to identify buprenorphine treatment episodes ( N = 317,494). We used multivariable logistic regression to examine the quality of buprenorphine treatment along four dimensions: (1) sufficient duration, (2) effective dosage, and concurrent prescribing of (3) opioid analgesics and (4) benzodiazepines. We explored how quality varied by race/ethnicity, age, sex, and urbanicity. Results: In adjusted models, compared to non-Hispanic White individuals, non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic individuals had lower odds of receiving effective dosage (aORs = 0.79 and 0.89, respectively) and sufficient duration (aORs = 0.64 and 0.71, respectively), and lower odds of concurrent prescribing of opioid analgesics (aORs = 0.86 and 0.85, respectively) and benzodiazepines (aORs = 0.51 and 0.59, respectively). Older individuals had higher odds of sufficient duration (aORs from 1.21–1.33), but also had higher odds of concurrent opioid analgesics prescribing (aORs from 1.29–1.56) and benzodiazepines (aORs from 1.44–1.99). Females had higher odds of sufficient duration (aOR = 1.12), but lower odds of effective dosage (aOR = 0.77) and higher odds of concurrent prescribing of opioid analgesics (aOR = 1.25) and benzodiazepines (aOR = 1.16). Compared to individuals living in metropolitan areas, individuals living in non-metropolitan areas had higher odds of sufficient duration (aORs = 1.11 and 1.24) and effective dosage (aORs = 1.06 and 1.33), and lower odds of concurrent prescribing (aORs from 0.81–0.98). Conclusions: Black and Hispanic individuals were less likely to receive effective buprenorphine dosage and sufficient duration. Quality results were mixed for older and female individuals; although these individuals were more likely to receive treatment of sufficient duration, they were also more likely to be concurrently prescribed potentially contraindicated medications, and females were less likely to receive effective dosage. Findings raise concerns about adequacy of care for minority and other at-risk populations.
Perceptions of Peer and Parental Attitudes toward Substance use and Actual Adolescent Substance Use: The Impact of Adolescent-Confidant Relationships
Authors: Marziali Megan E. , Levy Natalie S. , Martins Silvia S.
Published: April 2022

Objective: While peer influence is a well-documented risk factor for adolescent substance use, it remains unclear whether peer or parental attitudes have greater impact, and if this relationship is moderated by having a confidant and the relationship between adolescents and their confidant. Method: Pooled (2015–2018) National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) data on adolescents (12–17 years) were used. Perceived peer and parental disapproval of tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use were dichotomized. We assessed associations between disapproval and past-month tobacco ( N = 51,352), alcohol ( N = 51,407), and marijuana use ( N = 51,355) using separate multivariable logistic regression models. We explored effect modification by the presence of a confidant, parental vs. non-parental disapproval, and peer vs. non-peer confidant relationship. Results: Peer and parental disapproval, presence of any confidant, and identifying a parental confidant were consistently protective against substance use; identifying a peer confidant increased odds of use across substances. For marijuana use, peer disapproval (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.07, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.06, 0.08) was more protective than parental disapproval (aOR: 0.13, 95% CI: 0.12, 0.15). The joint presence of peer/parental disapproval and any confidant decreased the odds of substance use beyond the individual effects of peer/parental disapproval and having a confidant. However, having a peer confidant attenuated the protective association between peer/parental disapproval and tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use. Conclusions: Both peer and parental relationships are salient when considering the social context of adolescent substance use and should be considered when studying the effects of perceived disapproval.
Rates and Predictors of Substance use in Pediatric Primary Care Clinics
Authors: Soberay Adam , Levy Sharon , Cheung Francis , Pietruszewski Pam , DeSorrento Lindsi , Garney Stuart , Luce Crystal , Bame Christina
Published: April 2022

Background: Screening for substance use within pediatric primary care provides a unique opportunity to identify adolescents in need of intervention. Methods: This study analyzed screening data collected across 13 Federally Qualified Health Centers over the course of an 18-month project designed to implement Screening Brief Intervention Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) for adolescents aged 12–21. A mixed-effects modeling strategy was used to describe associations between demographic, procedural, and clinical factors and adolescent reports of substance use. Results: In total, 10,813 adolescents were screened between December 2017 and May 2019, with 17% reporting past year use, including 11% at lower risk and 6% at high risk of a substance use disorder. Females, Hispanic, Black/African American, heterosexual, non-primary English speakers, and patients who did not have a co-occurring mental health disorder were all less likely to report past year substance use. While rates of disclosing any past year substance use were equivalent between patients screened by a staff member and those who completed self-administered screens, patients who were screened by a staff member were associated with reporting overall greater frequencies of use. Patients who were screened by a staff member with a parent present were less likely to disclose any past year substance use. Conclusion: While overall rates of disclosure of any past year substance use (17.2%) were lower than reported in research settings, a substantial proportion (6.3%) had screen results indicating a high risk for substance use disorder.
GET pathway mediates transfer of mislocalized tail-anchored proteins from mitochondria to the ER
Authors: Matsumoto Shunsuke , Ono Suzuka , Shinoda Saori , Kakuta Chika , Okada Satoshi , Ito Takashi , Numata Tomoyuki , Endo Toshiya
Published: April 2022

Tail-anchored (TA) membrane proteins have a potential risk to be mistargeted to the mitochondrial outer membrane (OM). Such mislocalized TA proteins can be extracted by the mitochondrial AAA-ATPase Msp1 from the OM and transferred to the ER for ER protein quality control involving ubiquitination by the ER-resident Doa10 complex. Yet it remains unclear how the extracted TA proteins can move to the ER crossing the aqueous cytosol and whether this transfer to the ER is essential for the clearance of mislocalized TA proteins. Here we show by time-lapse microscopy that mislocalized TA proteins, including an authentic ER-TA protein, indeed move from mitochondria to the ER in a manner strictly dependent on Msp1 expression. The Msp1-dependent mitochondria-to-ER transfer of TA proteins is blocked by defects in the GET system, and this block is not due to impaired Doa10 functions. Thus, the GET pathway facilitates the transfer of mislocalized TA proteins from mitochondria to the ER.
A loss-of-function IFNAR1 allele in Polynesia underlies severe viral diseases in homozygotes
Authors: Bastard Paul , Hsiao Kuang-Chih , Zhang Qian , Choin Jeremy , Best Emma , Chen Jie , Gervais Adrian , Bizien Lucy , Materna Marie , Harmant Christine , Roux Maguelonne , Hawley Nicola L. , Weeks Daniel E. , McGarvey Stephen T. , Sandoval Karla , Barberena-Jonas Carmina , Quinto-Cortés Consuelo D. , Hagelberg Erika , Mentzer Alexander J. , Robson Kathryn , Coulibaly Boubacar , Seeleuthner Yoann , Bigio Benedetta , Li Zhi , Uzé Gilles , Pellegrini Sandra , Lorenzo Lazaro , Sbihi Zineb , Latour Sylvain , Besnard Marianne , Adam de Beaumais Tiphaine , Jacqz Aigrain Evelyne , Béziat Vivien , Deka Ranjan , Esera Tulifau Litara , Viali Satupa‘itea , Reupena Muagututi‘a Sefuiva , Naseri Take , McNaughton Peter , Sarkozy Vanessa , Peake Jane , Blincoe Annaliesse , Primhak Sarah , Stables Simon , Gibson Kate , Woon See-Tarn , Drake Kylie Marie , Hill Adrian V.S. , Chan Cheng-Yee , King Richard , Ameratunga Rohan , Teiti Iotefa , Aubry Maite , Cao-Lormeau Van-Mai , Tangye Stuart G. , Zhang Shen-Ying , Jouanguy Emmanuelle , Gray Paul , Abel Laurent , Moreno-Estrada Andrés , Minster Ryan L. , Quintana-Murci Lluis , Wood Andrew C. , Casanova Jean-Laurent
Published: April 2022

Globally, autosomal recessive IFNAR1 deficiency is a rare inborn error of immunity underlying susceptibility to live attenuated vaccine and wild-type viruses. We report seven children from five unrelated kindreds of western Polynesian ancestry who suffered from severe viral diseases. All the patients are homozygous for the same nonsense IFNAR1 variant (p.Glu386*). This allele encodes a truncated protein that is absent from the cell surface and is loss-of-function. The fibroblasts of the patients do not respond to type I IFNs (IFN-α2, IFN-ω, or IFN-β). Remarkably, this IFNAR1 variant has a minor allele frequency >1% in Samoa and is also observed in the Cook, Society, Marquesas, and Austral islands, as well as Fiji, whereas it is extremely rare or absent in the other populations tested, including those of the Pacific region. Inherited IFNAR1 deficiency should be considered in individuals of Polynesian ancestry with severe viral illnesses.
Recent advances in lead-free double perovskites for x-ray and photodetection
Authors: Ghosh Joydip , Sellin P J , Giri P K
Published: April 2022

Over the last decade, lead halide perovskites have attracted significant research attention in the field of photovoltaics, light-emitting devices, photodetection, ionizing radiation detection, etc, owing to their outstanding optoelectrical properties. However, the commercial applications of lead-based perovskite devices are restricted due to the poor ambient stability and toxicity of lead. The encapsulation of lead-based devices can reduce the possible leakage of lead. However, it is hard to ensure safety during large-scale production and long-term storage. Recently, considerable efforts have been made to design lead-free perovskites for different optoelectronic applications. Metal halide double perovskites with the general formula of A2MIMIIIX6 or A2MIVX6 could be potentially considered as green and stable alternatives for different optoelectronic applications. In this review article, we focus on the recent progress and findings on lead-free halide double perovskites for x-ray and UV–vis photodetection applications. Lead-free halide double perovskite has recently drawn a great deal of attention for superior x-ray detection due to its high absorption coefficient, large carrier mobility-lifetime product, and large bulk resistance. In addition, these materials exhibit good performance in photodetection in the UV–vis region due to high photocarrier generation and efficient carrier separation. In this review, first, we define the characteristics of lead-free double perovskite materials. The fundamental characteristics and beneficial properties of halide perovskites for direct and indirect x-ray detection are then discussed. We comprehensively review recent developments and efforts on lead-free double perovskite for x-ray detection and UV–vis photodetection. We bring out the current challenges and opportunities in the field and finally present the future outlook for developing lead-free double perovskite-based x-ray and UV–vis photodetectors for practical applications.
Roles of electron mean free path and flux pinning in optimizing the critical current in YBCO superconductors
Authors: Paturi P , Huhtinen H
Published: April 2022

We present a way to reach the maximum possible critical current density,

J

c

, for YBa2Cu3O

6
+
x

(YBCO) thin films. This value is found to be around ten times the currently reached values. It is found that the

J

c

(0 T) is governed by the mean free path of the electrons, as is the critical temperature,

T

c

. The

J

c

in field, on the other hand, is governed by flux pinning sites and can be enhanced by optimizing the size and distribution of the non-superconducting nanoinclusions. By optimizing both the mean free path and the pinning structure, the maximum values can be reached.
The influence of BaSnO3 and BaZrO3 nanoinclusions on the critical current and local structure of HTS coated conductors
Authors: Menushenkov A P , Ivanov A A , Chernysheva O V , Rudnev I A , Osipov M A , Kaul A R , Chepikov V N , Mathon O , Monteseguro V , d’Acapito F , Puri A
Published: April 2022

We studied the effect of artificial pinning centers in the form of nanoinclusions of stannate BaSnO3 (BSO) and zirconate BaZrO3 (BZO) barium on the critical current of high-temperature superconducting tapes of the second generation (2G) based on YBa2Cu3O

7
−
δ

films (YBCO). It has been found that the introduction of BaZrO3 nanoinclusions increases the critical current at 77 K for the magnetic field direction parallel and normal to the tape surface, while the introduction of BaSnO3 nanoinclusions decreases the critical current in both cases. To elucidate the origin of a different impact of nanoinclusions we examined the local structure of the YBCO-matrix using x-ray absorption spectroscopy (EXAFS and XANES). The spectra were collected at K-edges of Cu, Sn, and Zr at the European Synchrotron (ESRF). It was revealed that the introduction of BaZrO3 nanoinclusions increases the stiffness of copper–oxygen bonds in superconducting CuO2 plane and minimizes their static disorder in the YBCO matrix, while the introduction of BaSnO3 nanoinclusions leads to a significant increase in static disorder with a relatively weak effect on the stiffness of Cu–O bonds. These changes in the local structure become decisive for changing the macroscopic properties of high-temperature superconductor-tapes.
A disorder-sensitive emergent vortex phase identified in high-T
c superconductor (Li,Fe)OHFeSe
Authors: Li Dong , Shen Peipei , Tian Jinpeng , He Ge , Ni Shunli , Wang Zhaosheng , Xi Chuanying , Pi Li , Zhang Hua , Yuan Jie , Jin Kui , Talantsev Evgeny F , Yu Li , Zhou Fang , Hänisch Jens , Dong Xiaoli , Zhao Zhongxian
Published: April 2022

The magneto-transport properties are systematically measured under c-direction fields up to 33 T for a series of single-crystal films of intercalated iron-selenide superconductor (Li,Fe)OHFeSe. The film samples with varying degree of disorder are grown hydrothermally. We observe a magnetic-field-enhanced shoulder-like feature in the mixed state of the high-T
c (Li,Fe)OHFeSe films with weak disorder, while the feature fades away in the films with enhanced disorder. The irreversibility field is significantly suppressed to lower temperatures with the appearance of the shoulder feature. Based on the experiment and model analysis, we establish a new vortex-phase diagram for the weakly-disordered high-T
c (Li,Fe)OHFeSe, which features an emergent dissipative vortex phase intermediate between the common vortex glass and liquid phases. The reason for the emergence of this intermediate vortex state is further discussed based on related experiments and models.