bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comentario a la sentencia de la Sección Tercera de la Audiencia Provincial de Baleares de 3 de mayo de 2018 = Comments on the judgement issued by the Audiencia Provincial de Baleares on 3 May 2018
Authors: Iriarte Ángel Francisco de Borja
Published: March 2019

Resumen: La prueba del Derecho extranjero es una de las cuestiones más complejas en las suce­siones con elemento internacional, especialmente en las anteriores al Reglamento 650/2012, y por tanto, regidas por la ley nacional del causante.Palabras clave: sucesión internacional, prueba del Derecho extranjero.Abstract: Proof of foreign Law is one of the more complex questions in international successions, especially in these previous to Regulation 650/2012, and thus ruled by the citizenship Law of the de­ceased.Keywords: international succession, proof of foreign law.
Restitución del menor, declaración de ilicitud del traslado y competencia judicial internacional. Comentario al auto de la audiencia provincial de las islas baleares de 19 de abril de 2018 = Return of the child, declaration of wrongful removal and jurisdiction. Comment on the judgment of the Spanish Court of Appealof the Balearic Islands of 19 April 2018
Authors: Muñoz Fernández Alberto
Published: March 2019

Resumen: la solicitud de restitución de un niño ante las autoridades inglesas no impide que los tribunales españoles, país donde el menor tenía su de residencia habitual antes del traslado, declaren la ilicitud del traslado y adopten medidas cautelares para evitar un nuevo traslado internacional.Palabras clave: sustracción internacional de menores, secuestro internacional de menores, restitución del menor, retorno inmediato, declaración de ilicitud del traslado, retirada del pasaporte, competencia judicial internacional, litispendencia, garantías procesales.Abstract: the request for the return of a child before the English authorities does not prevent the Spanish courts, the country where the child had his habitual residence before the transfer, assume jurisdiction to declare the wrongfulness of the removal and adopt precautionary measures to avoid a new international abduction.Keywords: international child abduction, legal kidnapping, return of the child, prompt return, declaration of wrongfulness of the transfer, withdrawal of the Passport, international jurisdiction, lis pendens, procedural guarantees.
La responsabilidad extracontractual por ilícitos antitrust en Europa. Comentario del auto del Juzgado de lo Mercantil de Madrid, de 23 mayo 2018 = The non-contractual liability from European antitrust law infringements. Commentary ofdecision of Commercial Court of Madrid, of 23 may 2018
Authors: Rodríguez Rodrigo Juliana
Published: March 2019

Resumen: El Auto del Juzgado de lo Mercantil de Madrid, objeto de comentario en este trabajo, resuelve una declinatoria por falta de jurisdicción en un caso de reclamación de daños por un ilícito antitrust. El comportamiento anticompetitivo del que derivan los perjuicios, que ahora se reclaman, es el conocido como cártel de los camiones, que sancionó la Comisión Europea en el año 2016. Una de las víctimas de ilícito antitrust pide una indemnización por los daños y perjuicios sufridos por el hecho de haber tenido que pagar un sobreprecio en la compra de uno o varios camiones objetos del acuerdo colusorio. El Juzgado de lo Mercantil de Madrid rechaza la declinatoria por hallarse el domicilio de la demandada en territorio español.Palabras clave: aplicación privada del Derecho de la competencia, acciones follow on, cártel de los camiones, indemnización por daños derivados de un ilícito antitrust, foro del lugar del hecho ilícito, foro del lugar del daño.Abstract: The Decision of Commercial Court of Madrid, object of comment in this paper, resolves a declinatory for lack of jurisdiction in a case of claim of damages from European antitrust law infringement. The anticompetitive behavior from which the damages derive is known as the truck cartel, which was sanctioned by the European Commission in 2016. One of the victims of this behavior seeks compensation for the damages suffered by the fact of having to pay a surcharge in the purchase of one or more trucks that belong to scope of collusive agreement. The Commercial Court of Madrid rejects the declinatory because the defendant’s domicile is located in Spanish territory.Keywords: private enforcement of competition law, follow on actions, cartel of trucks, compensation for damages from European antitrust law infringement, forum of place in which the harmful event occurred, forum of place of damage.
Cuestiones vinculadas a la constitución de la adopción de mayores de edad: análisis desde el Derecho internacional privado español = Issues connected with the constitution of the adoption of adults: analysis from Spanish Private International Law
Authors: Sánchez Cano María Jesús
Published: March 2019

Resumen: Partiendo del estudio de la Ley 54/2007, de adopción internacional y después de examinar la normativa sustantiva sobre la adopción en España, el presente trabajo aborda el análisis de algunas de las cuestiones controvertidas que se suscitan respecto de las adopciones de personas mayores de edad y menores emancipados, desde la perspectiva del Derecho Internacional Privado y específicamente, en lo referente a la constitución de la adopción por las autoridades españolas.Palabras clave: Ley de adopción internacional, adopción internacional de personas mayores de edad, Derecho Internacional Privado, ley aplicable, validez de adopciones constituidas por autoridades extranjeras.Abstract: Based on the study of Law 54/2007, on international adoption and after having examined the substantive legislation on adoption in Spain, this paper deals with the analysis of some of the controversial issues that arise regarding adoptions of adults and emancipated minors, from the Private International Law perspective and specifically with regard to the constitution of adoption by the Spanish authorities.Keywords: International adoption law, international adoption of adults, International Private Law, applicable law, constitution of adoption by Spanish authorities.
El exequatur en los procesos de jurisdicción voluntaria: el orden público y el triunfo del interés superior del menor = Exequatur in voluntary jurisdiction proceedings: public order and the triumph of the best interests of the child
Authors: Santaolalla Montoya Cayetana
Published: March 2019

Resumen: Exequatur de una sentencia de Conaky República de Guinea, en la que los padres renuncian a la patria potestad de su hija menor, con objeto de que, al reconocerla en España, sus tíos, que viven en España, ejerzan la tutela respecto a la niña que vive en Barcelona. En primera instancia, se deniega porque se estima contraria al ordenamiento jurídico español, que no reconoce la posibilidad de renunciar, por parte de los progenitores, a su patria potestad. Por su parte, la Audiencia provincial de Barcelona estima parcialmente el recurso y considera que debe reconocerse, por no considerarla contraria al orden público español. Tanto en primera instancia, como en apelación, no se reconoce la tutela, pero si la guardia con funciones tutelares a los tíos de la menor que viven en España.Palabras clave: Exequatur, denegación, orden público, patria potestad, tutela, guarda con funciones tutelares, art 44.4 Ley Cooperación Jurídica internacional, Ley Jurisdicción voluntaria, Código civil catalán.Abstract: Exequatur of a sentence of Conaky Republic of Guinea, where the parents renounce the parental authority of their daughter, so that, when it is recognized in Spain, her uncles, who live in Spain, exercise the guardianship over the girl who lives in Barcelona. In first instance, it is denied because it is considered contrary to the Spanish legal system that does not recognize the possibility of renouncing, on the part of the parents, their parental authority. For its part, the Provincial Court of Barcelona partially upheld the appeal and considers that it should be recognized as not being contrary to Spanish public order. Both in the first instance and in the appeal, the guardianship is not granted, but is recognized the guard with guardianship functions to the uncles of the minor who live in Spain.Keywords: Exequatur, denial, public order, parental authority, guardianship, tutelary functions, art 44.4 Spanish Act on International judicial cooperation, Voluntary Jurisdiction Law, Catalan Civil Code.
Factors Affecting Quality of Life Among Independent Community-Dwelling Senior Citizens in Sri Lanka: A Narrative Study
Authors: Higuchi Machiko , Liyanage Chandani
Published: March 2019

Objectives: This study aimed at gaining an understanding of senior citizens’ lifestyles from childhood and clarifying the factors important in sustaining their quality of life (QOL).Methods: Using purposive sampling, in-depth interviews by semi-structured interview guide were conducted among five senior citizens in a Sri Lankan community. The interviews were analysed narratively.Results: Three males and two females over the age of 70 were interviewed. All had obtained a decent level of education and lived with extended family. They had sound relationships with their children and were engaged in social roles, keeping them occupied and giving their lives a sense of meaning. They made use of both Western and traditional medicine, including religious activities, depending on their ailments.Conclusion and further research: The QOL of independent community-dwelling senior citizens in Sri Lanka was related to education, psychological independence, sustaining daily life, engagement in social activities, and satisfaction with children’s support, house sitting for their children, and engaging in multiple health activities to prevent and treat symptoms. Further narrative research is suggested to highlight the individual experiences of senior citizens, which will help develop an effective strategy for sustaining the QOL of this population in Sri Lanka.
Terroir and typicity of Carignan from Maule Valley (Chile): the resurgence of a minority variety
Authors: Gutiérrez-Gamboa Gastón , Moreno-Simunovic Yerko
Published: March 2019

Carignan is one of those minor cultivars that have had a major resurgence in the Chilean wine industry, and its production is sold at a price well above the national average. This variety, together with other autochthonous grapevine varieties, makes up a unique heritage in Chilean winemaking, which has given a new identity to the country on the world wine scene. Chilean viticulture is based on the production of the most recognized grapevine varieties such as Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Chardonnay and Sauvignon blanc. However, this has caused a massive loss of minority and autochthonous grapevine varieties in certain wine growing regions. Thus, this review summarizes the effects of terroir of the Maule Valley on the typicity of Carignan. Carignan grapevines growing in the sites closer to the Pacific Ocean, such as Truquilemu and Ciénaga de Name, present a high concentration of several amino acids and volatile compounds in grapes and wines, while Carignan grapevines growing in the sites further east, towards the Andes Mountains, provide grapes and wines with a high alcohol and phenolic concentration. Therefore, Maule Valley provides unique edaphoclimatic conditions that allow differences in the composition and style of the Carignan wines.
The effect of climate on Burgundy vintage quality rankings
Authors: Davis Robert E. , Dimon Ruth A. , Jones Gregory V. , Bois Benjamin
Published: March 2019

Aim: Based on consensus rankings from prominent rating authorities, we examined the importance of a suite of climatic variables, organized by winegrape phenological stage, in distinguishing between high- and low-ranked vintages in Burgundy.Methods and Results: Vintage ratings of Burgundy wines acquired from 12 sources were evaluated to develop consensus rankings for red and white wines from 1961–2015. Climate variables (air temperature, precipitation, degree-day accumulations, etc.) were organized by mean phenological stage and compared between good and poor vintages using Mann-Whitney U tests and multivariate stepwise discriminant function analysis. High temperatures, particularly during the growing season, were found to be the most consistently important climatic factor in distinguishing good-quality vintages from poor-quality vintages. The best red vintages had a greater diurnal temperature range during the growing season, whereas the top white vintages were not distinguished by unusually warm conditions, but the bottom-ranked white vintages were particularly cool and wet. The impact of rainfall varied across the growing season, with top-ranked Burgundy wines benefitting from rainfall during the bud break period and dry conditions during the ripening phase.Conclusions: The most important climatic factor in distinguishing between top- and bottom-ranked vintages is growing season temperature, especially high diurnal temperature range (for reds) and high average maximum temperatures (for whites). Good Burgundy vintages are more likely when there is ample rainfall during the bud break period in April and dry conditions during the véraison and ripening phases.Significance and Impact of the Study: As viticulturalists adapt to regional climate trends, a better understanding of how specific climate variables affect wine quality becomes increasingly important in viticulture management.
Metabolic Pathway Analysis for Nutrient Removal of the Consortium between C. vulgaris and P. aeruginosa
Authors: Guerra-Rentería A. Suggey , García-Ramírez Mario , Gómez-Hermosillo César , Goméz-Guzmán Abril , González-García Yolanda , Gonzalez-Reynoso Orfil
Published: March 2019

Anthropogenic activities have increased the amount of urban wastewater discharged into natural aquatic reservoirs confining in them a high amount of nutrients and organics contaminants. Several studies have reported that an alternative to reduce those contaminants is using consortiums of microalgae and endogenous bacteria. In this research, a genome-scale biochemical reaction network is reconstructed for the co-culture between the microalga Chlorella vulgaris and the bacterium Pesudomonas aeruginosa. Metabolic Pathway Analysis (MPA), is applied to understand the metabolic capabilities of the co-culture and to elucidate the best conditions in removing nutrients such as Phosphorus (inorganic phosphorous and phosphate) and Nitrogen (nitrates and ammonia). Theoretical yields for Phosphorus removal under photoheterotrophic conditions are calculated, determining their values as 0.042 mmol of PO4/ g DW of C. vulgaris, 19.53 mmol of inorganic Phosphorus /g DW of C. vulgaris and 4.90 mmol of inorganic Phosphorus/ g DW of P. aeruginosa. Similarly, according to the genome-scale biochemical reaction network the theoretical yields for Nitrogen removal are 10.3 mmol of NH3/g DW of P. aeruginosa and 7.19 mmol of NO3 /g DW of C. vulgaris. Thus, this research proves the metabolic capacity of these microorganisms in removing nutrients and their theoretical yields are calculated.
A Diet Based on Cured Acorn Ham with Oleic Acid Content Promotes Anti-Inflammatory Gut Microbiota Shifts and Prevents Ulcerative Colitis in an Animal Model
Authors: Fernández Javier , García de la Fuente Vanessa , Fernández García María Teresa , Gómez Sánchez José , Redondo Beatriz Isabel , Villar Claudio J. , Lombó Felipe
Published: March 2019

Background: Diets based on meat products are not recommended in the case of ulcerative colitis (UC). However, some foods, as those containing high oleic acid and a low omega-6/omega-3 ratio show anti-inflammatory properties. The objective here is to test if some traditional cured meat products, as acorn-fed ham (high levels of oleic acid), may be useful for controlling inflammatory diseases as UC in animal models. Methods: 3 rat cohorts have been used: vegetable rat feed, control ham and acorn-fed ham (a traditional ham where high oleic acid concentration from acorns is storage in the muscle fat). UC was induced with DSS in drinking water ad libitum for one week. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and 16S rRNA from bacterial populations were analyzed in cecum samples. Colon samples were analyzed for histological parameters (inflammatory cell density, mucosa damages, myeloperoxidase). Results: In the acorn-fed ham cohort, a protective effect was observed with respect to UC disease activity index, inflammatory cells density, colon mucosa alterations, myeloperoxidase levels, blood total antioxidant capacity and lower levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, in comparison with feed cohort. Both ham diets caused a reduction in Firmicutes and an increase in Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria in comparison with rat feed diet. Also, acorn-fed ham diet induced changes in gut microbiota composition, with pronounced enrichments in anti-inflammatory bacterial genera such as Alistipes, Bacteroides, Blautia, Butyricimonas and Parabacteroides. Conclusions: In the acorn-fed ham cohort, as a result of the dietary intake of oleic acid and low intake of omega-6 fatty acids, a strong preventive effect against UC symptoms was observed, indicating a valuable effect of this traditional Mediterranean cured meat product.
Interactive Effects of Light and Melatonin on Biosynthesis of Silymarin and Anti-inflammatory Potential in Callus Cultures of Silybum marianum L.
Authors: Shah Muzamil , Ullah Muhammad Asad , Drouet Samantha , Younas Muhammad , Tungmunnithum Duangjai , Guivarc'h Nathalie , Hano Christophe , Abbasi Bilal Haider
Published: March 2019

Silybum marianum L. is a well-known medicinal herb, primarily used in liver protection. Light strongly affects several physiological processes along with secondary metabolites biosynthesis in plants. Herein, S. marianum was exploited for in vitro potential under different light regimes in the presence of melatonin. The optimum callogenic response occurred in combination of 1.0 mg/L α-naphthalene acetic acid and 0.5 mg/L 6-Benzylaminopurine under photoperiod. Continuous light associated with melatonin treatment increased total flavonoid content (TFC), total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant potential, followed by photoperiod and dark treatments. The increased level of melatonin has a synergistic effect on biomass accumulation under continuous light and photoperiod, while adverse effect was observed under dark condition. More detailed phytochemical analysis showed maximum total silymarin content (11.92 mg/g DW) when placed under continuous light + 1.0 mg/L melatonin. Individually, the level of silybins (A and B), silydianin, isolsilychristin and silychristin was found highest under continuous light. Anti-inflammatory activities were also studied and highest percent inhibition was recorded against 15-LOX for cultures cultivated under continuous light (42.33%). The current study helps to better understand the influence of melatonin and different light regimes on silymarin production as well as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in S. marianum callus extracts.
Euroregion as an Entity Stimulating the Sustainable Development of the Cross-Border Market for Cultural Services in a City Divided by a Border
Authors: Wróblewski Łukasz , Kasperek Andrzej
Published: March 2019

The article discusses the issue of the sustainable development of the cross-border market for cultural services in a city divided by the state border. The article uses the example of Cieszyn and Český Těšín, a city divided following the decision of the Council of Ambassadors in 1920. The research carried out so far indicates the main constraints in the harmonious functioning of the cross-border market for cultural services in this city, such as: different cultural policies implemented on both sides of the city, language barriers as well as legal and administrative differences. Therefore, the authors undertook research aimed at recognising the role of Euroregional structures in stimulating the sustainable development of this region. On the basis of the analysis of the Cieszyn Silesia Euroregion's documentation and the results of qualitative and quantitative research, the article describes the role of the Euroregion in building a cross-border market for cultural services. Recommendations were also prepared that could constitute the principles of a common cultural policy not only for Cieszyn and Český Těšín, but also for other European cities in the Schengen Area, which, like Cieszyn and Český Těšín, have been divided by a state border.
SEVIRI Hyper-Fast Forward Model with Application to Emissivity Retrieval
Authors: Masiello Guido , Serio Carmine , Venafra Sara , Poutier Laurent , Göttsche Frank-M.
Published: March 2019

Timely processing of observations from hyper-spectral imagers, such as SEVIRI (Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager), largely depends on fast radiative transfer calculations. This paper mostly concerns the development and implementation of a new forward model for SEVIRI to be applied to real time processing of infrared radiances for the physical retrieval of surface temperature and emissivity. The new radiative transfer model improves computational time by a factor of ≈ 7 compared to the previous versions and makes it possible to process SEVIRI data at nearly real time. The new forward model has been applied for the simultaneous retrieval of surface temperature and emissivity in three infrared channels (8.7, 10.8, 12 μm). The inverse scheme relies on a Kalman filter approach, which allows us to exploit a sequential processing of SEVIRI observations. Based on the new forward model, the paper also presents a validation retrieval performed with in situ observations acquired during a field experiment carried out in 2017 at Gobabeb (Namib desert) validation station. Furthermore, a comparison with IASI (Infrared Atmospheric Sounder Interferometer) emissivity retrievals has been performed as well. It has been found that the retrieved emissivities are in good agreement with each other and with in situ observations, i.e. average differences are generally well below 0.01.
Spatiotemporal Ozone Level Variation in Urban Forests in Shenzhen, China
Authors: Duan Wenjun , Wang Cheng , Pei Nancai , Zhang Chang , Gu Lin , Jiang Shasha , Hao Zezhou , Xu Xinhui
Published: March 2019

Abstract: Research Highlights: This study is among the first to investigate ozone levels in urban forests in China. It establishes that urban forest air quality in Yuanshan Forest Park, Shenzhen, is suitable for recreational activities and identifies spatial, seasonal, and diurnal O3 patterns and relationships with micrometeorological parameters, suggesting the possibility of manipulating relevant forest characteristics to reduce O3 levels. Background and Objectives: An understanding of O3 levels of urban forest environments is needed to assess potential effects on human health and recreational activities. Such studies in China are scarce. This study investigated urban forest O3 levels to improve understanding and support residents engaging in forest recreational activities. Materials and Methods: We monitored O3 levels in 2015–2016 for three urban forests representing common habitats (foothill, valley, and ridge) in Yuanshan Forest Park, Shenzhen, and for an adjacent square. Results: The overall mean daily and daily maximum 8-h mean (MDA8) O3 concentrations were highest for the ridge forest and lowest for the valley forest. Each forest’s O3 concentrations were highest in summer. Diurnally, forest O3 concentrations peaked between 13:00 and 17:00 and reached a minimum between 03:00 and 09:00. The correlation between forest O3 concentrations and air temperature (AT) was strongly positive in summer and autumn but negative in spring. In each season, O3 concentration was negatively correlated with relative humidity (RH). No MDA8 or hourly O3 concentrations in the forests exceeded National Ambient Air Quality Standard Grade I thresholds (100 and 160 μg m−3, respectively). Conclusions: O3 accumulation is present in ridge urban forest in all seasons. Foothill and valley urban forests have better air quality than ridge forestation. Urban forest air quality is better in spring and autumn than in summer and is better from night-time to early morning than from noon to afternoon.
Bicomplex Tetranacci and Tetranacci-Lucas Quaternions
Authors: Soykan Yüksel
Published: March 2019

In this paper, we introduce the bicomplex Tetranacci and Tetranacci-Lucas quaternions. Moreover, we present Binet's formulas, generating functions, and the summation formulas for those bicomplex quaternions.
Basic Study on Introduction of the Global-scale LCIA Method “LIME-3” into Environmental Accounting of Local Governments
Authors: Yamasaki Junya , Ikaga Toshiharu , Itsubo Norihiro
Published: March 2019

Environmental accounting should be performed by both private companies and local governments. However, it may be difficult for government agencies to objectively measure their current environmental impact, and there is currently no internationally standardized methodology of environmental accounting for local governments. This study therefore attempts to incorporate life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) into the calculation of environmental loads for administrative divisions. In LCIA, environmental loads for several impact categories, such as “Climate change” and “Land use,” are integrated into a simple indicator expressed in terms of monetary units. This study leverages the LIME-3 assessment theory, one of the endpoint-type and global-scale LCIA methods. Annual environmental loads for administrative divisions in 42 countries were measured in a tentative assessment. Results showed that the annual damages for the 42 countries to be USD 10.5 trillion. Assessment results are shown on the world map to highlight the regionality of the damages in the 42 countries’ administrative divisions. This study seeks to provide new knowledge that local governments around the world can use in environmental accounting.
ARBTools: A Tricubic Spline Interpolator for Three-Dimensional Scalar or Vector Fields
Authors: Walker Paul , Krohn Ulrich , David Carty
Published: March 2019

ARBTools is a Python library containing a Lekien-Marsden type tricubic spline method for interpolating three-dimensional scalar or vector fields presented as a set of discrete data points on a regular cuboid grid. ARBTools was developed for simulations of magnetic molecular traps, in which the magnitude, gradient and vector components of a magnetic field are required. Numerical integrators for solving particle trajectories are included, but the core interpolator can be used for any scalar or vector field. The only additional system requirements are NumPy.
Organ-on-Chip In Development:Towards a roadmap for Organs-on-Chip
Authors: Mastrangeli M. , Millet S. , partners the ORCHID , van den Eijnden-van Raaij J.
Published: March 2019

Organ-on-Chip is a game-changing technology born from the convergence of tissue engineering and microfluidic technology. Organ-on-Chip devices (OoCs) are expected to offer effective solutions to persisting problems in drug development and personalized disease treatments. This opinion paper surveys the current landscape in research, development, application and market opportunities for OoCs to help establishing a global and multi-stakeholder OoC ecosystem. Based on a bibliometric study, a market analysis, expert interviews, and panel discussions held at the ORCHID Vision Workshop (Stuttgart, 23 May 2018), we outline presently unmet needs, key challenges, barriers and perspectives of the field, and finally propose recommendations towards the definition of a comprehensive roadmap that could render OoCs realistic models of human (patho)physiology in the near future.
Functional RNA Structures in the 3'UTR of Tick-Borne, Insect-Specific and No-Known-Vector Flaviviruses
Authors: Ochsenreiter Roman , Hofacker Ivo L. , Wolfinger Michael T.
Published: March 2019

Untranslated regions (UTRs) of flaviviruses contain a large number of RNA structural elements involved in mediating the viral life cycle, including cyclisation, replication, and encapsidation. Here we report on a comparative genomics approach to characterize evolutionarily conserved RNAs in the 3'UTR of tick-borne, insect-specific and no-known-vector flaviviruses in silico. Our data support the wide distribution of previously experimentally characterized exoribonuclease resistant RNAs xrRNAs within tick-borne and no-known-vector flaviviruses and provide evidence for the existence of a cascade of duplicated RNA structures within insect-specific flaviviruses. On a broader scale, our findings indicate that viral 3'UTRs represent a flexible scaffold for evolution to come up with novel xrRNAs
Aggregation Similarity Measure Based on Hesitant Fuzzy Closeness Degree and Its Application to Clustering Analysis
Authors: Wang Feng
Published: March 2019

In order to distinguish with effect different hesitant fuzzy elements (HFEs), we introduce the asymmetrical relative entropy between HFEs as a distance measure for higher discernment. Next, the formula of attribute weights is derived via an optimal model according to TOPSIS from the relative closeness degree constructed by the discerning relative entropy. Then, we propose the concept of co-correlation degree from the viewpoint of probability theory and develop another new formula of hesitant fuzzy correlation coefficient, and prove their similar properties to the traditional correlation coefficient. To make full use of the existing similarity measures including the ones presented by us, we consider aggregation of similarity measures for hesitant fuzzy sets and derive the synthetical similarity formula. Finally, the derived formula is used for netting clustering analysis under hesitant fuzzy information and the effectiveness and superiority are verified through a comparison analysis of clustering results obtained by other clustering algorithms.
Quantification of Sand Production Using a Pressure-Gradient-Based Sand-Failure Criterion
Authors: Fan Zhaoqi , Yang Daoyong , Li Xiaoli
Published: March 2019

Cold heavy-oil production with sand (CHOPS) has been one of the major recovery processes for developing unconsolidated heavy-oil reservoirs by taking advantage of sand production and foamy-oil flow. However, effective characterization and accurate prediction of sand production is still a challenge. In this work, a pressure-gradient-based sand-failure criterion is proposed for quantifying sand production and characterizing wormhole propagation. The proposed sand-failure criterion was initially developed at the pore-scale level, while a pseudointeraction force between two neighboring sand grains was proposed to implicitly represent the potential contributions of cementation and geomechanical stresses to the fluidization of sand. The criterion was then extended to a grid scale within a wormhole because the pressure gradient is constant at either a pore scale or a grid scale. With the bottomhole pressure being an input constraint, the proposed sand-failure criterion was validated with good agreement by reproducing production profiles and wormhole propagation from laboratory experiments and a CHOPS well in the Cold Lake Oil Sands Area. This was a confirmation that the proposed sand-failure criterion can be used to characterize the sand production in a CHOPS process.
Successful Campaign to Install Multi-Sectional Large Diameter Chrome CT Velocity Strings in High CO2 Wells in Bolivia
Authors: Hernandez Jovanny A. , Ortiz Jose R. , Antelo Luis F.
Published: March 2019

Well intervention projects performed in remote and difficult-to-access areas using coiled tubing (CT) equipment and strings with long lengths and large diameters sometimes represent high investment projects. The use of heavy CT strings can lead to complications during lifting and transport operations. One alternative to address these issues is to transport short sections of CT to the wellsite, then connect two or more CT strings onsite. This paper provides an alternative for offshore operations where crane load capabilities are limited and for land operations in remote locations where heavy loads can compromise transportation.

Conventional methods of joining CT strings are available, such as orbital welding and the use of mechanical connectors (Ehtesham 2008). These methods can be applied under controlled conditions or when the CT strings are of small diameters or lengths that enable them to fit on a single spool and the resulting weight can be accommodated. However, these methods present some shortfalls. Orbital welding requires access to qualified technicians and additional verification of the weld on site, adding time and cost to operations. Welding may also be prohibited based on wellsite conditions. Additionally, welds create de-rated sections on the tubing, reducing the potential run life of the string. Spoolable connectors are a viable option where the two strings may be joined off critical path and when the work reel is capable of holding the combined strings. Some operations must be performed using smaller work reels to accommodate the work area, or involve strings being joined during the operation, which are not ideal situations for spoolable unions. The option presented in this paper provides a new method for joining strings on the fly.

The study was performed to explore the technical feasibility of mechanically joining two CT strings for velocity string (VS) projects. Challenges include making the union of these strings above the wellhead under live well conditions and the load capacity limit of the reels. The study includes design of mechanical joining tools, design of the CT strings, selection of CT hanger tools, and surface equipment. These points also include testing, mechanical stress simulations of the CT, and the procedure used to join the strings.

This paper shows the best operational practices, lessons learned, and field considerations when joining multiple CT string sections of the same or different diameters and wall thickness. Performing those jobs with CT equipment provides a low-cost alternative solution to the use of workover equipment and threaded pipe. This study demonstrates the collaboration performed with an operator to develop a campaign solution for five velocity string jobs in Bolivia.
Automated Wireline Milling System
Authors: Wiesenborn Kyle , Baklanov Nikolay , Gourmelon Pierre Olivier , Klyushev Maxim , Yang Xuedong
Published: March 2019

An automated wireline milling solution targeted for removal of wellbore obstructions of a varying type, from scale to metal, with built-in capabilities of autonomous cruise navigation between consecutive obstacles, is presented. This paper highlights design features that made a step change in the efficiency and usability of milling services.

Control challenges are still common in downhole milling technology. Changes in milling target composition, cuttings accumulation around the target, drag forces from production flow, and other variations can reduce system efficiency and result in lost time or failed interventions. In the case of wireline milling technology, inclusion of intelligent on-board electronics in the downhole equipment presents an opportunity to actively control the milling process to optimize rate of penetration and implement additional protections to reduce operational risk. We describe a robotic toolstring that automatically and independently controls a wireline tractor using real-time feedback from a milling cartridge and other on-board sensors. Embedded control algorithms implement intuitive workflows derived from the combined experience of multiple experts in well intervention.

With this automated wireline milling system, the user can initiate the milling process by defining certain milling parameters and then can monitor progress in real time while the downhole robotic tool regulates weight on bit and the milling motor. This new automated downhole control system significantly improves torque-on-bit and weight-on-bit controls yielding superior performance, such as rate of penetration and usability. Dynamic load conditions are handled in a high-speed distributed control loop downhole to get most of bit torque capacity across the entire speed range defined by the motor power curve. Tractor push force is adjusted quasi-instantaneously with changes in cutting conditions. Control responsiveness along with software solutions for tracking of motor stall preconditions and a torque limiter greatly reduce the occurrence of motor stalls arising due to the bit wedging in highly reactive targets. With stall avoidance and an automatic backing-off feature to reengage the bit in case of a sporadic torque spike, direct involvement of an operator is significantly minimized compared to the previous tool generation. Head-voltage stabilization is another factor positively impacting the overall power stability and performance of electromechanical tools downhole. Safety features are also in place to prevent cable twisting and protect assets from overcurrent and overtemperature conditions.

The progressive design of the automated milling tool boosts operational efficiency and autonomy, minimizes human mistakes, and reduces risk of getting stuck during the service. Case histories demonstrate the first field jobs and system integration tests performed with this new tool.
Vertical Seismic Profiling via Coiled Tubing-Conveyed Distributed Acoustic Sensing
Authors: Ellmauthaler Andreas , Palacios William , LeBlanc Michel , Willis Mark , Knapo George
Published: March 2019

Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) is a rapidly evolving fiber optic technology for monitoring cement curing, perforation performance, stimulation efficiency, and production flow and, more recently, for performing vertical seismic profiling (VSP). VSP data can be acquired and processed to determine velocity models that are used in surface seismic imaging for reservoir characterization, or for microseismic monitoring of hydraulic fracturing operations. The limitation of conventional VSP data acquisition has been well accessibility, with wireline-conveyed tools deployed during openhole or casedhole logging campaigns before well completion or during workovers. Fiber optic cable conveyance by coiled tubing (CT) expands the opportunity for VSP data acquisition during planned CT interventions. This paper presents an example of a CT DAS VSP acquisition. The processing steps are shown to overcome some of the noise challenges inherent in CT DAS data, such as persistently strong borehole tube waves induced from the surface operations activities. A case study is shown for the depth tie between surface seismic data and the CT DAS VSP derived corridor stack image, demonstrating the viability of CT deployed fiber to acquire DAS VSP data.
Improving Operational Confidence: An Advanced Localized Coating for Coiled Tubing Bias Welds
Authors: Elliott Kevin , Klink Dale , Williams Cedric , Li Yunhao , Arriaga Ezequiel
Published: March 2019

Pitting corrosion on the tubing ID has caused failures of CT strings in operations across every operating region, with unconventional plays in North America being especially affected. A localized coating that can be applied to the bias weldment has been developed to protect the most susceptible portion of the coiled tubing string from corrosion. This paper will discuss the development process for the coating as well as initial case histories.

Steel is plastically deformed in the manufacturing process to make coiled tubing, and the product is repeatedly plastically deformed in operations. As a result, coatings have historically not been successful with coiled tubing due to insufficient adherence to the tubing, which is the substrate.

Once the decision was made to pursue a localized coating, a test plan was developed to test different iterations of the coating including coating materials and application processes. The initial testing plan included checking for adherence to the substrate as well as resistance to acid with the goal of highlighting a methodology for a working prototype.

The results of the testing plan are provided and were used to determine the path forward to commission a working prototype. Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) was selected as the best method for application of the local coating. PVD operates by exciting a target within a vacuum chamber, which coats the substrate. Coiled tubing is a continuous product, which prevents the use of a traditional vacuum chamber. This development led to the creation of the first-ever vacuum chamber of its kind—one that does not entirely enclose the product.

The working PVD prototype has been successfully installed at the manufacturing facility in Houston, and test strings coated locally on the bias welds have been created. The paper will describe the first beta-test strings that have been released to the field and any reported observations from the CT service companies.

This paper describes a new processing technique for the manufacturing of coiled tubing. Initial results show that the coating can dramatically improve operations, especially the prevention of unexpected failures with minimal cost impact to the coiled tubing operator.
Concentric Coiled Tubing Technology for Well Cleaning and Evaluation in Complex Horizontal Wells: A 3 Wells Case Study from Heavy Oil Field, Kuwait
Authors: Kothari Nikita , Ababou Mounir , Rao Srinivas , Garcia Jose Gregorio
Published: March 2019

A few horizontal wells were drilled in Kuwait, heavy oil field, as a part of cold production testing. Various workover interventions were performed on these wells. However, some of the wells showed sharp production decline and were producing below expectations. It was suspected that formation damage may have occurred in these ultra-low reservoir pressure wellbores due to the overbalance of the fluids used during interventions.

Concentric coiled tubing (CCT) technology comprising of a downhole jet pump, was recently employed for the first time in Kuwait and was determined to be an effective method to clean the horizontal sections and investigate the reasons for the production problems. The single phase cleanout fluid is circulated down the inner string to power the jet pump, creating a localized drawdown that vacuums the formation solids or fluids out of the wellbore and the combined sand/fluid stream returns via the CCT annulus. The multiple operating modes provided the benefit of cleaning and treating the wellbore in the same run.

This specialized system was successfully utilized to remove sand, evaluate the formation damage and enhance production; meeting all objectives in a single well intervention. Pressure and temperature gauges run below the tool on two wells recorded bottomhole pressure of only 150 psi. Post-production results has pushed the boundaries of the well interventions in heavy oil field in Kuwait and has unlocked several wellbore cleanout and formation damage evaluation opportunities using the CCT technology.

This paper reviews the benefits of the concentric coiled tubing technology and provides a comprehensive case study of the first three horizontal wells. The analysis of the sand and fluid influx profiles obtained during the vacuuming process assisted in to evaluating well production provided crucial data in formulating a management strategy.
Optimizing Coiled Tubing Extended Reach Operations with Real Time Simulations
Authors: Larrondo Adrian , Ranieri Juan Pablo , Marozzini Diego Alejandro
Published: March 2019

With the objective of increasing productivity and achieving an economically sustainable development of the non-conventional reservoirs in Argentina, the oil and gas (O&G) energy companies are focused on drilling horizontal wells with lateral extensions between 2500 m (8,200 ft) to 3000 m (9,840 ft) in length. In order to produce commercial volumes of hydrocarbons, it is mandatory to fracture-stimulate multiple zones.

The "plug and perf" method continues to be the most common completion technique in the field. Once the stimulation is completed, a coiled tubing (CT) milling operation is undertaken to remove the frac plugs. Critical to achieving a successful operation is reaching total depth (TD) in the well with the coiled tubing. The precise determination of the operational coefficient of friction (CoF) between the coiled tubing string and the production casing, could be the difference between failure and success, affecting both the technical and economical results of the project.

The goal of this paper is to share the lessons learned after more than forty extended reach operations and the experience earned on the utilization of real time simulations to define both, the tensile load exerted for an extended reach tool and the coefficient of friction found during coiled tubing operations. Also demonstrate, by analyzing real life applications, how the implementation of this technology and new working methodology, allows to anticipate deviations with respect to the "normal" values of friction, achieve a better understanding of the influence of solids in the completion to the coefficient of friction and obtain a more efficient use of the metal-metal lubricant utilized during the milling operations.
In-Line Quench and Temper Technology Applied to CT Improves Safety and Reliability in Extended Reach U.S. Shale Operations
Authors: Galvan I. I. , McClelland G. , Gagen E. , Piller G.
Published: March 2019

In unconventional resource plays across the United States, lateral well sections are being extended beyond 10,000-ft. The increased application of larger coiled tubing (CT) in 2.375-in and 2.625-in diameter for operations in wells with mid-to-high pressure has pushed the reliability envelope for conventional CT strings. Lower expected life, while the tubing remained within safe working limits, restricted the Operator's completion and clean out options, which acted as a potential barrier to longer lateral intervention.

The performance of CT Interventions in complex extended reach wells with 10,000-ft+ laterals is presented in field case studies detailing extended lateral reach, average service life with statistics at retirement, and common failure modes.

The manufacturing of CT strings with improved reliability, life, and reach capabilities has been paramount to extending the limits of CT applications. Well Operators and Service Companies have embraced newer CT technologies and highly engineered string designs that can perform safely in challenging well conditions. The latest technological innovation in the CT manufacturing industry is the implementation of an in-line quench and temper (Q&T) process. The Q&T process enhances the overall CT life and predictability by producing tubing with more uniform microstructure throughout its entire length, increased material strength, and improved bend fatigue performance.

When the Q&T product is combined with rapid-taper strip technology and iterative CT design methodology, unique CT string configurations can be produced that achieve unprecedented well lateral reach with improved service life. The combination of these factors enables the safe application of CT with greater diameter to wall thickness ratios (D/t) and increased wall thicknesses. Heavy CT walls including0.276-in which is the thickest used historically in CT interventions, are being deployed, all while satisfying weight constraints, pressure ratings, tensional load limits, and fatigue performance requirements.

Actual field operations using this Q&T CT technology have experienced overall increased average running footages of 40%-60% compared to conventional grade strings. This performance has resulted in lower CT replacement rates, creating a cost- effective and time-saving solution for well intervention and drilling operations.

As new horizontal drilling and completion technologies are developed and utilized in the industry, CT manufacturers and Service Companies will continue to innovate and provide engineered solutions that enable coiled tubing to be a robust, safe and reliable technology in the toughest environments and on the most critical projects.