bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
State, Anti‐State, and Indigenous Entitles: Reflections Upon a Páez Resguardo and the New Colombian Constitution
Authors: Field Les W.
Published: September 2010

Colombia's new Constitution includes far‐reaching legislation that for the first time in that nation's history affirms the multi‐eth‐nic character of its population. This document explicitly recognizes indigenous peoples' rights to distinctive socio‐cultural, political and economic organization on territory the state pledges to recognize as Indigenous Territorial Entities ETIs. This artide explores the complex and contradictory situation the constitutional reforms pose for Colombia' s indigenous peoples nationfrom the vantage of a Páez community (Cauca Province, southwestern Colombia), its history of resistance to the Colombian state, and contemporary attempts by members of this community to utilize agricultural development, both legal and illegal, as a means of economic survival.
Reaction and Retrenchment in the Highlands of Chiapas in the Wake of the Zapatista Rebellion
Authors: Collier George A.
Published: September 2010

The Zapatista movement initially coalesced pan‐indigenous identities in broad alliances that raised hope for progressive political and social change in Chiapas. Yet broad alliances have also exposed the movement's grass roots to new and sometimes unwelcome inroads of power. As illustrated in this case study of current events in Zinacantan. in Chiapas's central highlands, these inroads have sometimes seemed to sharpen local‐level conflict and disempower ordinary people rather than empower them, evoking retrenchment and reaction that threatens to undercut the Zapatista base. The retrenchment also reflects concerted government effort to erode the Zapatista movement's ability to tap support from church groups, the media, and national and international civil society.
Introduction: Performing Andean Identities
Authors: Rogers Mark
Published: September 2010

This introduction situates the work of contributors to this volume with respect to the Andeanist literature on fiestas and celebrations, anthropological performances and representation, and discussions of identity, hybridity and power in Latin America. The articles contribute to the anthropological understanding of the processes of constructing identities and historical memories. It is suggested that close attention to the relations between performance text and social context is essential to understanding the performative articulation of identity. The political implications of performancebased approaches to identity are also addressed
Immigration, Cultural Contestations, and the Reconfiguration of Identities: The Case of the Female Cultural Brokers
Authors: Feldman‐Bianco Bela
Published: September 2010

This essay unveils the anonymous diasporic faces of Portuguese bicultural women who settled in New England between the 1960s and 1980s. In view of their pivotal location between conflicting cultural codes and diverse national projects, it is argued that these women perform significant bicultural brokering between immigrants and American institutions, as well as between the United States and Portugal. It is their pivotal location—specifically, the ways in which they confronted the superposition of differing cultural values and meanings related to gender and nationalism and, through their gendered experiences, actually negotiated their biculturalism in the reconstruction of their identities—that becomes crucial to this argument.
Person and Psychologization in Brazil: A Study in Moral Regulation
Authors: Duarte Luis Fernando Dias
Published: September 2010

This is a study about moral regulation of the person in Brazil in this century. It involves an ethnographic or 'internal" analysis of the characteristics of the intense academic relationship between anthropology and psychoanalysis in two different moments in the history of human sciences in Brazil: the "heroic period, from the 1920s to the end of 1940s (the 'interwar period") and the "critical" period beginning in the 1970s. In the first, the general problem of "nation building" implies the hegemony of the themes of "race" and "civilization," and the main concern is with "education." In the second, the effects of "modernization" are at stake: the subject of concern is essentially personal "responsibility" and self–awareness. This model is used as a key to understand the development of the "moral sciences" in Brazil, against the background of the great political changes and challenges of the whole period.
Nietzsche and Shango: Two Myths of Skepticism and Unveiling
Authors: De Carvalho José Jorge
Published: September 2010

This article will try to establish a comparison between two cultural texts: the famous passage on the death of God by Nietzsche, a Western myth that celebrates science's capacity to unveil whatever is secret, and a story from an Afro–Brazilian religion. In it, the god Shango decided to publicly denounce the nonexistence of Eguns, or spirits of the dead, who are believed to come back and establish ties when invoked in a secret ceremony. Shango's betrayal of the cult's secret is also told secretly, so that the relationships between truth and lie, revelation and silence, the visible and invisible all become oblique and open–ended, whereas Nietzsche's declaration aims at destroying the possibility of an ambiguous relationship with reality. I use the comparison to analyze some contemporary expressions of the loss of myth and enchantment in modern life.
Gay Organizations, NGOs, and the Globalization of Sexual Identity: The Case of Bolivia
Authors: Wright Timothy
Published: September 2010

This paper combines an ethnography of sexual activities, personal identities and social relations of men‐who‐have‐sex‐with‐men in Bolivia with an analysis of attempts by government and international development agencies to create a demographically identifiable population of "gay" Bolivians. A first person account of attempts to establish gay identity through a gay community center in Santa Cruz reveals failure to attract all but a select group of the broadly diverse actors potentially involved. In short, men‐who‐have‐sex‐with‐men who were too rich or too poor or too masculine or too effeminate were unlikely to be attracted to the gay center or welcomed as members of the emerging "gay community."
The Transformation of the Tzuultaq'a: Jorge Ubico, Protestants and other Verapaz Maya at the Crossroads of Community, State and Transnational Interests
Authors: Adams Abigail E.
Published: September 2010

In this essay the Q'eqchi' Maya metaphor of "open and "dosed" roads serves as a means of exploring Maya ritual practice, the attraction of'U.S ‐introduced evangelical Protestantism, and community‐state relations in Alta verapaz. Guatemala. The "road" metaphor also serves as an indigenous alternative to Eric Wolfs closed" and "open" community distinction, aptly expressing the teasioas between community closure and exposure to the Guatemalan state, global market and transnational actors, as well as between morality and opportunity. that concerned Wolf. In the Verapaz, the most powerful "road" is the mountains alley spirit. the Tzuultaqa, which appears in many transformations, including die late Liberal dictator Jorge ubico, the region s culture hero Juan Aj Pop Batz, and merchant class Q'eqchi".
Tupi‐Guarani Apocalyptic Visions of Time and the Body
Authors: Ferreira Mariana K. Leal
Published: September 2010

Guarani children of Southern Brazil who live off garbage dumps subvert the tribe's cultural order by turning the future into the present in their role‐playing activities. While the Tupi‐speaking Guarani adults believe that severe hunger and scarcity are necessary conditions for the passage to the Land‐without‐Evil, the kids suggest that the mythic paradise can be a mundane reality. Miniature vegetable gardens and toy truckloads of food create the "divine abundance" featured in the promised land. Non‐Indian graveyard diggers and missionary preachers are transformed into Guarani warriors and prophets by young shamans who blow tobacco on improvised dolls. The children's critique of human society bears witness that the high incidence of infant mortality can transform the tribes apocalyptic visions of time and the body, because it calls for major changes in collective behavior, including the acceptance of the comforts of sedentary agricultural life.
The Yumans of Baja California, Mexico: From Invented to Imagined and Invisible Communities
Authors: Garduño Everardo
Published: September 2010

Este articulo es una aproximación al proceso de construcción de redes sociales y etnicidad entre los indígenas yumanos de Baja California, México. Cuestionando a los enfoques tradicionales que reiteradamente han anunciado la extinción y asimilación de estos grupos, aqui se sugiere un nuevo marco teórico para su estudio. Conceptos centrales de esta propuesta son los conceptos de comunidad transnational, comunidad imaginada e hiperespacio, los cuales nos revelan las formas en que los yumanos permanecen comprometidos en la elaboración de nuevas formas de organización social y auto‐referencia étnica, a través de la construcción de redes sociales que incluyen (aunque no se limitan) a los grupos lingüisticamente relacionados que habitan en los Estados Unidos. Así, el presente trabajo sosriene que los indígenas yumanos se encuentran experimentando un proceso de deconstrucción de las formas oficialmente promovidas (o impuestas) de comunidad (las comunidades inventadas), a traves de la construccion de comunidades imaginadas e invisibles.
"Puertorriqueñas Rencorosas y Mejicanas Sufridas": Gendered Ethnic Identity Formation in Chicago's Latino Communities
Authors: Pérez Gina
Published: September 2010

Este artículo argumenta que, a pesar de los distintos intentos institucionales por forjar una identidad latina, las mujeres puertorriqueñas y mejicanas adoptan frecuentemente una identidad nacional para configurar nociones dicótomas del "ser" y el "otro," basadas en valores culturales "patentes," que son a su vez, utilizados para explicar el éxito o el fracaso de éstas en el ámbito laboral, familiar o comunitario. Basado en una investigación etnográfica entre un grupo de puertorriqueñas en Chicago, este artículo presenta los distintos modos en que las puertorriqueñas y las mejicanas se comprenden unas a otras. Aunque por lo general estas representaciones est´n basadas en construcciones estereotipadas de lo que corresponde ser una "buena" mejicana o puertorriqueña, muchas mujeres se hacen de estos estereotipos y los transforman en virtudes culturales que las permiten distinguirse del "otro". Este artículo investiga estas construcciones de identidad étnica y de género, y examina cómo el grupo generacional, la política comunitaria local, los cambios en la economía politica local y nacional y la ideología familiar dan forma a la identidad de género entre las mejicanas y puertorriqueñas en Chicago.
Making Ecuadorian Histories: Four Centuries of Defining Power
Authors: Rahier Jean Muteba
Published: September 2010

Making Ecuadorian Histories: Four Centuries of Defining Power. O. Hugo Benavides, Austin: University of Texas Press, 2004. 231 pp.
The Ancient Maya of the Belize Valley: Half a Century of Arc aeological Researc
Authors: Villamil Laura P.
Published: September 2010

The Ancient Maya of the Belize Valley: Half. Century of Archaeological Research. James F. Garber (ed.), Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2004. 448 pp.
El Inmigrante Mexicano. La Historia de su Vida. Entrevistas Completas, 1926–1927
Authors: Maranto Alfredo Martínez
Published: September 2010

El Inmigrante Mexicano. La Historia de su Vida. Entrevistas Completas, 1926–1927, por Manuel Gamio, México: Miguel Ángel Porrúa, librero‐editor/University of California/Centro de Investigaciones. Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social/Secretaría de Gobernación, Instituto Nacional de Migración, 2002, 636 pp.
Cobble Circles and Standing Stones: Archaeology at the Rivas Site, Costa Rica
Authors: Blaisdell‐Sloan Kira
Published: September 2010

Cobble Circles and Standing Stones: Archaeology at the Rivas Site, Costa Rica. Jeffrey Quilter, Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 2004. 218 pp.
Embodied Matters:Bolivian Fantasyand Indigenismo
Authors: Bigenho Michelle
Published: September 2010

Presento un nuevo análisis del indigenismo boliviano, basado en una investigación de la revista musical "Fantasía Boliviana" de los años 50. Trabajando a partir de historias orales de quienes participaban en esta producción musical, el artículo plantea una visión compleja de cómo funcionaba el discurso del indigenismo en la ciudad de La Paz durante la época del gobierno Revolucionario. A diferencia de la literatura o pintura indigenista, en esta producción los participantes representaban lo indígena a través de sus propios cuerpos. Fantasía Boliviana atraía a participantes de clases sociales distintas y de subjetividades étnicas que no cabían fácilmente en las clasificaciones de "indio" y "mestizo." Varios participantes desarrollaban un discurso que alababa las representaciones indígenas de esta producción, tomándolas como expresión máxima de la nación. A la vez, participantes hablaban de su trabajo en términos del "Arte," respondiendo en parte a un régimen de valor que venía del mundo occidental. Fantasía Boliviana demuestra un indigenismo que servía no solamente para transformar las actitudes de mestizos‐criollos hacia los indígenas, sino también para influir en las opiniones sobre Bolivia que podrían tener los extranjeros.
The role of selective venous sampling in the management of persistent hyperparathyroidism revisited
Authors: Witteveen Janneke E , Kievit Job , van Erkel Arian R , Morreau Hans , Romijn Johannes A , Hamdy Neveen A T
Published: September 2010

Introduction

Localization studies are mandatory prior to revision surgery in patients with persistent hyperparathyroidism in order to improve surgical outcome and reduce the risk of lengthy explorations. However, in this case, noninvasive localization studies are reported to have a poor sensitivity. The aim of our study is to determine the accuracy of selective venous sampling (SVS) for parathyroid hormone (PTH) in localizing residual hyperactive parathyroid glands in patients with persistent or recurrent hyperparathyroidism.

Patients and methods

We retrospectively evaluated the localizing accuracy of 20 PTH SVS performed prior to revision surgery in 18 patients with persistent or recurrent primary hyperparathyroidism (n=11) or autonomous (tertiary) hyperparathyroidism (n=7). Tc99m-methoxy-isobutyle-isonitrile (MIBI)-single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was also performed in all patients prior to revision surgery. Operative and pathological data were obtained from hospital records.

Results

The SVS was able to accurately localize 15 of the 20 pathological glands removed at revision surgery, representing a sensitivity of 75%. This sensitivity is significantly higher than that of Tc99m-MIBI-SPECT, which was only 30% (P=0.012).

Conclusion

Our findings demonstrate that SVS is a valuable localization study in patients with persistent or recurrent hyperparathyroidism, with a sensitivity significantly higher than that of Tc99m-MIBI-SPECT. Our data suggest that SVS represents a useful addition to the preoperative workup of these patients prior to revision surgery.
Events of the programme of “Budapest Technical University education of architectural history celebrating its 140th anniversary”
Authors: Kalmár Miklós
Published: September 2010

2010 áprilisában került sor a Budapesti Műszaki és Gazdaságtudományi Egyetem Építészettörténeti és Műemléki Tanszékének történetére emlékező eseményekre. 140 éve, 1870-ben jött létre önálló, az építészettörténet oktatására alapított tanszék a Műegyetemen. Az ünnepségsorozatot két kiállítás nyitotta meg. A HAP Galériában rendezték a
„140 év éptört”
című, majd másfél évszázadra visszatekintő rajz- és oktatási segédlet kiállítást. A
„Közös Tört”
című kiállítás az N&N Galériában az utóbbi húsz év tanszéki tervezésoktatását mutatta be.
A tudományos rendezvények sorát 2010. április 19-én a Kulturális Örökségvédelmi Hivatallal együtt szervezett Möller István-emlékkonferencia nyitotta. A 2010. április 20-i kerekasztal-beszélgetés témája a mai építészettörténet-oktatás problémája, kérdései, nehézségei, esetleges megújítása volt. E rendezvényre az ország összes építészettörténetet oktató felsőfokú oktatási intézménye meghívást kapott. 2010. április 22-én zárult a megemlékező sorozat, amikor a Magyar Tudományos Akadémia Építészettörténeti, Építészetelméleti és Műemléki Bizottsága és a Tanszék szervezésében ünnepi ülésre került sor, amely témáiban az építészettörténet-oktatás és -kutatás 1870 óta tartó időszakára fókuszált.
Numerical evaluation of wind loading parameters
Authors: Szabó Gergely , Györgyi József
Published: September 2010

A szerkezetek széldinamikai számítása során – az Eurocode használatakor, a kvázi dinamikai számításoknál – számos, a szabályzatban definiált paramétert kell alkalmazni, amelyek értékére vonatkozóan az egyszerűbb esetekre a szabályzatban, esetleg a szélszámítással foglalkozó irodalomban találunk adatokat. Bonyolultabb esetekben a szabályzat dinamikai analízist ír elő, végső esetben a paraméterek szélcsatorna kísérletekkel való meghatározása válik szükségessé. A szélhatás számításánál alkalmazni kell az ún. erőtényezőket, amelyek bonyolultabb keresztmetszetek esetén már nem találhatók meg az előírásokban. Az aeroelasztikus instabilitások (táncolás, flutter) vizsgálatára is csak bizonyos esetekben találjuk meg a szükséges paramétereket, és sok esetben szükség lehet az igen költséges és időigényes szélcsatorna kísérletekre. A vázolt feladatok megoldásában a jövőben jelentős szerepet kaphatnak az áramlástani feladatok megoldására megjelent szoftverek. A dolgozatban elemezzük az ANSYS-FLUENT programrendszer esetleges alkalmazását a különböző paraméterek meghatározására. Bemutatunk olyan kétdimenziós áramlástani szimulációkat, amelyeket néhányan már alkalmaztak a témában, és egy teljesen új, háromdimenziós számítási eljárás kezdeti eredményeit is közöljük.
Methodological recommendation for the critical analysis of display of ‘dead’ monuments
Authors: Zsembery Ákos
Published: September 2010

Jóllehet, a helyreállítások kritikai elemzése a hazai szakirodalomban már a nyolcvanas évek elejétől igényként jelentkezik, mindmáig elhanyagolt kérdés a hazai műemlékvédelemben. A kritikai elemzés gyökerei megmaradtak, amelyekhez kapcsolódóan e cikkben elvi javaslatot teszek egy vizsgálati rendszerre. A vizsgálat kritériumait objektív szempontok alapján alakítottam ki széles körű külföldi szakirodalmi kitekintéssel. Az általam összeállított szempontrendszer gerince az elméleti rekonstrukció mint bármilyen beavatkozás tudományos alapja. E vizsgálati rendszer életképességét doktori értekezésem keretében több hazai műemlék-helyreállítás elemzésén igazoltam. A kritériumrendszer egyben alapjait is képezi egy tervezésmódszertannak, mely a holt műemlékek bemutatásánál alkalmazható.
Inauguration on the conference of the 140 years old Hungarian education of architectural history
Authors: Finta József
Published: September 2010

Az ÉPÍTÉSZETTÖRTÉNET tudománya valójában nagyon is a jelené, ember- és építész-létezésünk leválaszthatatlan része. A Tanszék legjelentősebb professzorai az építészettörténetet úgy adták elő, mint a JELEN részét – olyan tudással, átéléssel és hittel, amely tudásuk és hitük tanította meg tisztelni az általuk előadott KOROK építészetét. Nincs könnyű helyzetben a MA építészettörténet-oktatása. Az eddig biztonságos elveket nyújtó charták konzervatív, stabilnak-örökérvényűnek hitt törvényei mára megszűntek. A műemlékvédelem feszegeti eddigi elvi kereteit, az épített múlt és az építendő jelen szellemi és fizikális rokonságára sokkal jobban épít, mint egy-két évtizede.
Az építészet maga az élet, az élet szolgálata; nem konzerválásra termett szakma, hanem művészet és tudomány együtt. A Tanszék egyik missziója, hogy olyan jelenkori építészetelméletet oktasson, amely ellensúlyozni képes a néha nagyon eltorzult-manipulált szellemű és akaratú építészeti média hatásait az ifjabb (s nem is olyan ifjú) építészgenerációkra.
Forms and outstanding personages of the education of architectural history until 1918
Authors: Istvánfi Gyula
Published: September 2010

Építészeti tárgyak oktatásának előzményei és helyszínei a XVIII. század második felétől ismeretesek Magyarországon. 1846-ban alakult meg a pesti Ipartanoda a pesti egyetem néhány helyiségében egyetemi rang nélkül. A József Polytechnicumot 1856-ban engedélyezték, 1860-tól lett itt magyar nyelvű az oktatás. Az első építőművészetet oktató tanár a Műegyetemen Szkalnitzky Antal volt, 1864-ben kapott Mű- és díszépítéstan néven katedrát.
Az 1870/71-es tanévben a „József műegyetem […] a tudományegyetemmel egyenlő állapotra helyezett és azéval egyenlő szervezettel s önkormányzati joggal felruházott technikai főtanintézetre” emelkedett. Az újdonsült egyetem „két műépítészeti tanszék” létesítésére írt ki pályázatot, majd az egyre csökkent Műépítészet Tanszéket Steindl Imre foglalta el. Hauszmann Alajos 1872-ben egy második Száraz-, Mű- és Díszépítészeti Tanszéket kapott. Steindl a tárgyalásokban a középkori tervezési modort képviselte, Hauszmann pedig a reneszánsz stílusgyakorlatokat részesítette előnyben. 1887-ben kinevezték Czigler Győzőt az Ókori építéstan tanárává, ezzel teljessé vált a választék.
A következő negyed században a műegyetemi építészoktatás ebben a formában lényegében azonos tárgyszerkezettel folytatódott az első világháborúig. Steindl Imre halála után 1902-ben tanszékét Schulek Frigyes kapta. Czigler Győző utóda az egyetemen Nagy Virgil, Schulek Frigyes utóda Möller István, Hauszmann Alajosé pedig Hültl Dezső lett.
A két háború közötti időszakban a három építészeti stíluskorszakkal meghatározott tanszék fennmaradt, de a tervezésoktatásban betöltött szerepük csökkent, illetve módosult. 1936-ban a Möller-tanítvány Kotsis Iván megalapította az első tervezési tanszéket. 1944 után, két további tervezési tanszék megalakulásával az építészettörténeti tanszékeken alárendeltebb szerepű lett a tervezésoktatás.
Education of architectural history between 1945–1986: architectural space as a world model
Authors: Bonta János
Published: September 2010

Emlékei és megőrzött jegyzetei alapján számol be a szerző az egyetemi évei alatt az építészettörténet oktatása terén szerzett tapasztalatairól. Jó érzéssel emlékezik meg egykori tanárairól: az ókort oktató Friedrich Lórántról, Kardos Györgyről, a középkori építészet tanáráról, Rados Jenőről és az újkor előadójáról, Kotsis Ivánról. Az Építészettörténeti és Elméleti Intézetben a szerző 1972–2000 között a kortárs építészetről adott elő, írt köteteket, jegyzeteket, tanulmányokat. Tapintattal, puha ceruzavonásokkal rajzolja meg professzor elődje, Major Máté és a már elhunyt többi kollégája – Pogány Frigyes, Hajnóczi Gyula, Szentkirályi Zoltán, Révhelyi Elemér, Vargha László, B. Szűcs Margit, Cs. Tompos Erzsébet, Kissné Balázs Éva, Sódor Alajos, Zádor Mihály, Guzsik Tamás, Merényi Ferenc, Hajnóczi Gábor – portréját, különös figyelemmel az építészeti térben megnyilatkozó szemlélet és világkép kiváló elemzőire. A tanulmány az Intézet (majd Tanszék) oktatóinak és kutatóinak műveiből összeállított válogatással egészül ki.
Closing Speech
Authors: Cságoly Ferenc
Published: September 2010

Az építészettörténet-oktatás kezdeti első harminc éve a
formálódás
jegyeit mutatja, maga a befoglaló keret, a Műegyetem is a formálódás időszakát éli. Ezt a
differenciálódás-specializálódás
időszaka követi, ami a 2. világháború végéig tart. A három történeti tanszék
integrációs
folyamata 1944-ben kezdődik, majd 1957-ben fejeződik be, amikor megalakul az egységes építészettörténeti tanszék. Az integráció nemcsak a tanszékek egyesítését, hanem új témák, tudományterületek integrálását is jelenti.
Az elmúlt 140 évben átértékelődött a régi és az új fogalmi tartalma is. Alaposan átformálódott az építészoktatás, benne az építészettörténet oktatása is. Közel száz esztendeig lehetett építészeti tervezést stiláris alapon oktatni: kezdetben a történeti stílusok alapján, aztán a szocialista realizmus formatana szerint, majd a nemzetközi modern funkcionalista stílusában. Ma már nem lehet, mert lehetetlenség egyet is kiemelni a folyamatosan változó új stílusok sokaságából.
Soha az építészettörténetben nem született annyi új megközelítés, ideológia, mint a huszadik században. Az
eligazodás képességét
kell megtanítani a hallgatóknak az újratermelődő és folyamatosan bővülő újdonságok útvesztőjében, és ebben az építészettörténet oktatásának komoly szerepe lehet. Az építészettörténet megismertet szakmai gyökereinkkel, a szakma történeti alapjaival. Az időfogalom kitágítását, a szakmai múltat képviseli egy folyamatos jelenben élő világ számára.
An effective hybrid meta-heuristic for optimization of truss bridges
Authors: Csébfalvi Anikó
Published: September 2010

Ebben a tanulmányban egy új hibrid heurisztikát ismertetünk hídszerkezetek rácsos főtartóinak optimális tervezésére. A bemutatásra kerülő hibrid módszer a hangyaboly eljárás, a genetikus algoritmus, valamint egy helyi keresési eljárás ötvözete, amelyen belül a hangyaboly eljárás és a genetikus algoritmus felváltva és egymást kiegészítve keresik az optimális megoldást a keresési térben. A hibrid heurisztika a kapott eredményeket egy hatékony helyi keresési eljárással javítja, amely a feltételek, illetve a célfüggvény lokális lineáris közelítésén alapul. Az optimális szerkezettervezési feladat jelen esetben a mozgó teher figyelembevételével adódó legkisebb súlyú szerkezet meghatározását jelenti, folytonos keresztmetszeti és a geometriai tervezési változók feltételezésével. A szerkezet egyensúlyi feltételének meghatározásához egy nemlineáris implicit egyenletrendszer megoldása szükséges az optimálási eljáráson belül. A teherintenzitási tényezőt, mint a megvalósíthatóság mérőszámát, egy harmadrendű útkövető módszerrel határoztuk meg. A módszer hatékonyságát mintapéldán keresztül szemléltetjük.
Tensor operations in discrete coordinate system
Authors: Biri Salah , Holnapy Dezső
Published: September 2010

A többdimenziós tenzorok és a velük végezhető műveletek oktatása szemléltetés hiányában nehézségekbe ütközik. Igaz, hogy a matematikusok sohasem támaszkodnak vizuális élményekre, de a felhasználók, a fizikusok és a mérnökök számára a példa lényegesen megkönnyíti az absztrakciók megértését. Részben az irodalom [3, 5], részben a folyamatban lévő kutatásaink [1] arra utaltak, hogy a hiperkocka-elv általánosítása segíti a tenzorműveletek jobb megértését.
Blogging the Bible
Authors: West Jim
Published: September 2010

'Blogging' as an enterprise of Biblical scholars commenced in the middle years of the first decade of the 21st century. It's beginnings, early years, controversies, and outlook are described in what follows.
Biblioblogging Our Matrix
Authors: McGrath James
Published: September 2010

The phenomenon of "biblioblogging" has not only brought Biblical studies into close contact with popular new media and modes of communication, but also regularly brings the public and private, the peer-reviewed and the popular, into close proximity with one another. This article explores some of the reasons why an increasing number of academics in Biblical studies blog, as well as some of the ways in which blogging can serve the needs of the academy.
Biblioblogging, 'Religion', and the Manufacturing of Catastrophe
Authors: Crossley James
Published: September 2010

Building on a previous analysis of 'biblioblogging' and its relationship to the mass media, this article looks at the ways in which 'bibliobloggers' handled the recent tragic events in Haiti. As is typically the case in the handling of US foreign policy, biblioblogging largely fell into line with the dominant positions in the mass media on the specific problems faced in Haiti which mask or deflect colonial/postcolonial interventions. Similarly, some bibliobloggers turned to the issue of theodicy with significantly vague concepts of 'religion' and 'God' being used to both (partially) explain suffering and deflect the more troubling narratives. Finally, some consideration is given to the ideological function of loving to hate the far right, with particular reference to the ways in which Pat Robertson's comments on Haiti were discussed by bibliobloggers.
Secular Theology?
Authors: Grimshaw Mike
Published: September 2010

A response from an antipodean perspective to the discussion on Secular theology conducted in the CSSR Bulletin April-September 2008. The article enages with the essays on secular theology, suggests the use of para- as a prefeix rather than post- for 'post-secular' and further suggests rethinking secular theology as a series of approaches in common with critical theory. It argues for a rethinking of secular theology as a series of approaches perhaps best conducted from the social sciences.
Dysthanasia: nursing professionals' perception
Authors: Menezes Milene Barcellos de , Selli Lucilda , Alves Joseane de Souza
Published: September 2010

Dysthanasia means slow and painful death without quality of life. This study aimed to know whether nurses identify dysthanasia as part of the final process of the lives of terminal patients hospitalized at an adult ICU. This is an exploratory-qualitative study. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with ten nurses with at least one year of experience in an ICU, and interpreted through content analysis. Results indicate that nurses understand and identify dysthanasia, do not agree with it and recognize elements of orthonasia as the adequate procedure for terminal patients. We conclude that nurses interpret dysthanasia as extending life with pain and suffering, while terminal patients are submitted to futile treatments that do not benefit them. They also identify dysthanasia using elements of orthonasia to explain it.
Knowledge and attitude: important components in diabetes education
Authors: Rodrigues Flávia Fernanda Luchetti , Zanetti Maria Lúcia , Santos Manoel Antônio dos , Martins Tatiane Aparecida , Sousa Valmi D. , Teixeira Carla Regina de Sousa
Published: September 2010

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from March to November 2007 at a research and community services center of a Brazilian university. It aimed to explore the knowledge and attitude of people with diabetes mellitus who were attending a diabetes self-care education program. The sample was composed of 82 adults with diabetes mellitus. Data were collected through the Portuguese versions of the Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire (DKN-A) and the Diabetes Attitude Questionnaire (ATT-19). Results revealed that 78.05% of the participants obtained scores higher than eight on knowledge about diabetes, which indicates they have knowledge and understand the disease. Scores on attitude ranged from 25 to 71 suggesting difficulty in coping with the disease. We conclude that although participants obtained a good score on knowledge, their attitude did not change so as to more adequately cope with the disease.
Tolerance of Fresh-Market Tomato to Postemergence-Directed Imazosulfuron, Halosulfuron, and Trifloxysulfuron
Authors: Jennings Katherine M.
Published: September 2010

A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of imazosulfuron, halosulfuron, and trifloxysulfuron POST-directed on six fresh-market tomato varieties. Injury 7 d after treatment (DAT) was 3% or less from all treatments, and no injury was observed 28 DAT. Imazosulfuron, halosulfuron, and trifloxysulfuron did not reduce yield relative to the nontreated check. There was no detectable herbicide effect on fruit shape and earliness. Data suggest that imazosulfuron, halosulfuron, and trifloxysulfuron can be applied POST-directed without negatively affecting yield or quality of several fresh-market tomato varieties.
Bioassay of the Herbicidal Activity of AAC-Toxin Produced byAlternaria alternataIsolated fromAgeratina adenophora
Authors: Qiang Sheng , Wang Ling , Wei Ran , Zhou Bing , Chen Shiguo , Zhu Yunzhi , Dong Yunfa , An Chuanfu
Published: September 2010

Tenuazonic acid (TeA), a naturally occurring product ofAlternaria alternata, a pathogen to croftonweed, was discovered to be a novel natural photosystem II (PSII) inhibitor. However, herbicidal activity of AAC-toxin, a metabolite of this fungus containing TeA as the main active ingredient, has not been evaluated systematically. In this study, we conducted activity-evaluation experiments in the laboratory, greenhouse, and field trials to assess the herbicidal potential of this fungal metabolite. AAC-toxin had high herbicidal activity on all species tested: croftonweed, large crabgrass, barnyardgrass, redroot pigweed, and eclipta. The AAC-toxin caused brown, leaf spot symptoms and leaf necrosis, subsequently killing the seedlings. When AAC-toxin was applied POST at 83 ml ai/ha, more than 95% of large crabgrass, barnyardgrass, and redroot pigweed plants were controlled 2 d after treatment in field trials. It can be concluded that AAC-toxin has broad-spectrum, rapid, and high herbicidal activity similar to that of paraquat and may have the potential to be developed as a microbe-based herbicide.
Influence and Legacy of Raghavan Charudattan in Biological Control of Weeds
Authors: Rosskopf Erin N. , DeValerio James T. , Elliott Mark S. , Shabana Yasser M. , Yandoc Ables Camilla B.
Published: September 2010

Dr. Raghavan Charudattan has worked in the area of biological control of weeds with plant pathogenic fungi for nearly four decades. He has maintained his research program in this line throughout his career. The scientific discoveries and contributions that he has made have been recognized by his peers and demonstrated through his election as fellow of both the Weed Science Society of America and the American Phytopathological Society. The basic knowledge that he has contributed to our understanding of the fundamental biology of weed/pathogen interactions and his contributions in the areas of mycology, etiology, and natural products will have long-lasting effects. Equally important to the basic and applied research that he has conducted is his role as a mentor and colleague. Dr. Charudattan has contributed to the scientific development of more than 60 students, postdocs, and scientists from more than 20 countries. Dr. Charudattan has contributed to the establishment of biological control of weeds with pathogens as a permanent and highly productive area of weed control research.
Hormonal contraception and risk of endometrial cancer: a systematic review
Authors: Mueck Alfred O , Seeger Harald , Rabe Thomas
Published: September 2010

More than 15 case–control studies and at least four large cohort studies demonstrated a decrease in the risk of endometrial cancer of about 50% for ever use of combined oral contraceptives (COCs). In most of these studies, this protective effect persisted for more than 10–15–20 years after cessation of the COC. An increasing protective effect with longer duration of COC use has been found in most studies. The beneficial effect was independent of the composition of COC, i.e. dosage and type of progestogen, combined with ethinyl estradiol 30–50 μg/day. COCs with higher progestogen potency seem to be somewhat more effective. Nonhormonal uterine devices have also been found to be strongly protective; however, data on oral or injectable progestogen-only preparations (POPs) including the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) are still rare, but also suggest similar protective action. COCs, POPs, as well as LNG-IUS can effectively reduce endometrial hyperplasia but should only be used in exceptional cases in patients with or after endometrial cancer. In contrast to nonhormonal IUS, systemic side effects cannot be excluded with LNG-IUS, but they are certainly rare, as the main effect has decreased the endometrial estrogen response because of the high endometrial tissue levels of LNG.
Results of a Community-Based Randomized Trial to Increase Colorectal Cancer Screening Among Filipino Americans
Authors: Maxwell Annette E. , Bastani Roshan , Danao Leda L. , Antonio Cynthia , Garcia Gabriel M. , Crespi Catherine M.
Published: September 2010

Objectives. We conducted 1 of the first community-based trials to develop a multicomponent intervention that would increase colorectal cancer screening among an Asian American population.

Methods. Filipino Americans (n = 548) nonadherent to colorectal cancer (CRC) screening guidelines were randomized into an intervention group that received an education session on CRC screening and free fecal occult blood test (FOBT) kits; a second intervention group that received an education session but no free FOBT kits; and a control group that received an education session on the health benefits of physical activity.

Results. Self-reported CRC screening rates during the 6-month follow-up period were 30%, 25%, and 9% for participants assigned to intervention with FOBT kit, intervention without the kit, and control group, respectively. Participants in either of the 2 intervention groups were significantly more likely to report screening at follow-up than were participants in the control group.

Conclusions. A multicomponent intervention that includes an educational group session in a community setting can significantly increase CRC screening among Filipino Americans, even when no free FOBT kits are distributed.
Burden of Mortality Associated With Autoimmune Diseases Among Females in the United Kingdom
Authors: Thomas Sara L. , Griffiths Clare , Smeeth Liam , Rooney Cleo , Hall Andrew J.
Published: September 2010

Objectives. We estimated the collective burden of mortality from autoimmune diseases among females in the United Kingdom and the effects of death certificate coding changes on this estimate.

Methods. We analyzed 1993–2003 England and Wales death certificate data for 3 150 267 females aged 1 year or older. We identified death certificates that listed autoimmune conditions as underlying or contributory causes of death. The percentages of all female deaths attributed to autoimmune disorders and to UK official mortality categories were ranked to determine the leading causes of death.

Results. In 2003, autoimmune diseases were the sixth or seventh most frequent underlying cause of death among females in all age groups below 75 years. Results were similar when both underlying and contributory causes of death were considered. The proportion of females dying with an autoimmune disorder remained relatively constant from 1993 to 2003. Analyses indicated that death counts for specific autoimmune diseases had been underestimated.

Conclusions. Autoimmune diseases are a leading cause of death among females in England and Wales, but their collective impact remains hidden in current disease classification systems. Grouping these disorders together may help promote research needed to identify common determinants and future prevention strategies.
Obstetrical Intervention and the Singleton Preterm Birth Rate in the United States From 1991–2006
Authors: MacDorman Marian F. , Declercq Eugene , Zhang Jun
Published: September 2010

Objectives. We examined the relationship between obstetrical intervention and preterm birth in the United States between 1991 and 2006.

Methods. We assessed changes in preterm birth, cesarean delivery, labor induction, and associated risks. Logistic regression modeled the odds of preterm obstetrical intervention after risk adjustment.

Results. From 1991 to 2006, the percentage of singleton preterm births increased 13%. The cesarean delivery rate for singleton preterm births increased 47%, and the rate of induced labor doubled. In 2006, 51% of singleton preterm births were spontaneous vaginal deliveries, compared with 69% in 1991. After adjustment for demographic and medical risks, the mother of a preterm infant was 88% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.87, 1.90) more likely to have an obstetrical intervention in 2006 than in 1991. Using new birth certificate data from 19 states, we estimated that 42% of singleton preterm infants were delivered via induction or cesarean birth without spontaneous onset of labor.

Conclusions. Obstetrical interventions were related to the increase in the US preterm birth rate between 1991 and 2006. The public health community can play a central role in reducing medically unnecessary interventions.
Mortality Patterns of Native Hawaiians Across Their Lifespan: 1990–2000
Authors: Panapasa Sela V. , Mau Marjorie K. , Williams David R. , McNally James W.
Published: September 2010

Objectives. We examined mortality patterns across the lifespan of Native Hawaiians and compared mortality disparities across races.

Methods. We determined the age-specific and age-adjusted mortality rates of Native Hawaiians from 1990 to 2000 by using national census and vital registration data.

Results. Among Native Hawaiians aged younger than 1 year, expected deaths were 15% lower than for Blacks and 50% higher than for Whites. Among older adults, Native Hawaiians had higher rates of mortality compared with the general population, particularly in 1990 and 1995. Crude death rates for Native Hawaiians were similar to those for Blacks in 1990 and 1995 but were 20% lower than those for Blacks by 2000. Crude death rates for Native Hawaiians were 30% higher than for Whites in 1990 and 1995 and more than 40% higher than for Whites in 2000.

Conclusions. Compared with Whites, Native Hawaiians and Blacks face similar challenges regarding infant and early-life mortality and increasing risks of mortality in mid-life and early old age. Our analyses document a need for renewed efforts to identify the determinants of ill health and commitment to address them.
Utilization of Research in Policymaking for Graduated Driver Licensing
Authors: Hinchcliff Reece , Ivers Rebecca Q. , Poulos Roslyn , Senserrick Teresa
Published: September 2010

Young drivers are overrepresented in road trauma and vehicle-related deaths, and there is substantial evidence for the effectiveness of graduated driver licensing (GDL) policies that minimize young drivers’ exposure to high-risk driving situations. However, it is unclear what role research plays in the process of making GDL policies.

To understand how research is utilized in this context, we interviewed influential GDL policy actors in Australia and the United States. We found that GDL policy actors generally believed that research evidence informed GDL policy development, but they also believed that research was used to justify politically determined policy positions that were not based on evidence.

Further efforts, including more effective research dissemination strategies, are required to increase research utilization in policy.
Trends in Fatalities From Distracted Driving in the United States, 1999 to 2008
Authors: Wilson Fernando A. , Stimpson Jim P.
Published: September 2010

Objectives. We examined trends in distracted driving fatalities and their relation to cell phone use and texting volume.

Methods. The Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) records data on all road fatalities that occurred on public roads in the United States from 1999 to 2008. We studied trends in distracted driving fatalities, driver and crash characteristics, and trends in cell phone use and texting volume. We used multivariate regression analysis to estimate the relation between state-level distracted driving fatalities and texting volumes.

Results. After declining from 1999 to 2005, fatalities from distracted driving increased 28% after 2005, rising from 4572 fatalities to 5870 in 2008. Crashes increasingly involved male drivers driving alone in collisions with roadside obstructions in urban areas. By use of multivariate analyses, we predicted that increasing texting volumes resulted in more than 16 000 additional road fatalities from 2001 to 2007.

Conclusions. Distracted driving is a growing public safety hazard. Specifically, the dramatic rise in texting volume since 2005 appeared to be contributing to an alarming rise in distracted driving fatalities. Legislation enacting texting bans should be paired with effective enforcement to deter drivers from using cell phones while driving.
Summer hydroclimatology of an extensive low-gradient wetland: Polar Bear Pass, Bathurst Island, Nunavut, Canada
Authors: Young Kathy L. , Labine Claude
Published: September 2010

Polar Bear Pass (PBP) (75°40′N, 98°30′W) is considered a critical wetland area for migratory birds, caribou and muskox. Little is known of its climatology and hydrology. Here we evaluate both the short-term and long-term summer climatic record for this wetland. A 10 m high automatic weather station (AWS) was established here 27 years ago, and in 2007 this centrally located AWS was supplemented by three more weather stations placed across the wetland pass. The long-term climate record here indicates little significant departure when compared to the long-term climate means (1971–2005) at Resolute Bay, a government weather station lying 90 km to the southwest (74°43′N, 94°59′W). Exceptions exist for July minimum air temperature (PBP > Resolute) and number of days in June, July and August < 0°C (PBP < Resolute). Climate variability from year to year remains the norm. Radiation receipt, air temperature, humidity and wind speed vary little across the wetland pass, while terrain-modified fluxes do. The precipitation regime is similar to Resolute Bay but local site conditions modify the amounts. In 2007, July evaporation levels were twice as high as that of 2008; more akin to Low Arctic sites. As yet, no clear trend in long-term climatic signals can be established.
Drinking water in rural India: a study of deficiency, quality and some social implications
Authors: Biswas Pradip Kumar , Mandal (Mitra) Kasturi
Published: September 2010

There is no doubt that accessibility of drinking water for rural households in India has increased over the decades, partly owing to concerted efforts by the state and partly owing to a rise in income of the people. Public provision of drinking water is primarily made through the tap whereas private provision is through the tube well. Households opt more for a tube well than for other sources owing to its reliability. The study finds a highly significant positive correlation between overall deficiency index and poverty ratio, a significantly negative relationship between the literacy rate and the percentage of cholera cases at times of deficiency.

Drinking water in rural India is contaminated and about 18% of rural households are reported to have filtered their drinking water but very few have scientifically treated it before drinking. All this indicates that there is a greater need to improve the water supply including quantity, quality, accessibility and dependability. An integrated water management approach has to be adopted to improve and build upon the existing structure which is highly decentralized and dispersed. This would have important bearing on poverty reduction, environmental sustenance and sustainable economic development.
A comparative history, from the 16th to 20th centuries, of irrigation water management in Spain, Mexico, Chile, Mendoza (Argentina) and Peru
Authors: Palerm-Viqueira Jacinta
Published: September 2010

This paper explores the long-term development of irrigation system management, and looks at the influence of legislation, irrigation system size, scalar stress and polarized land tenure in the existence and success of self-management. The case studies are drawn from regions of the former Spanish Empire. Hispanic America, between the 16th and early 19th centuries, as part of the Spanish Empire, had a common legal framework; however, in the 19th and early 20th centuries (after the break up of the Spanish Empire), new and diverse country-based legislation developed and, in some cases, this new legislation favoured self-management.