bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Pijat Postpartum Terhadap Involusio Uteri Dan Pengeluaran Lochia Rubra
Authors: Sriwidyastuti S , Kasmiati K , Suyuti Ansar , Nontji Werna
Published: November 2021

Salah satu komplikasi dalam nifas adalah kegagalan dalam involusi uteri yang disebut dengan subinvolusio. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh pijat postpartum terhadap involusio uteri dan pengeluaran lochia rubra.Metode penelitian ini menggunakan quasi eksperiment dengan rancangan post test only design with control group. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan selama 3 bulan mulai tanggal 11 januari - 11 maret 2019 di 3 puskesmas wilayah kabupaten bone. Tehnik pengambilan sampel dengan menggunakan accidental sampling, sampelnya sebanyak 40 orang diantaranya 20 kelompok intervensi (pijat postpartum) dan 20 kelompok kontrol. Data di analisis menggunakan Uji Independent T test dan Uji Mann Whitney. Hasil penelitianini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh pijat postpartum terhadap involusio uteri yang diperoleh nilai p = 0,000 (a<0.05). Rata-rata penurunan tinggi funduspada hari 1 didapatkan nilai p = 0.89 yang berarti tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara penurunan tinggi fundus uteri baik pada kelompok kontrol maupun pada kelompok intervensi, untuk pengukuran tinggi fundus uteri pada hari ke 2 sampai ke -14 didapatkan nilai p = 0.000 (a<0.05) artinya ada pengaruh pijat postpartum terhadap penurunan tinggi fundus uteri, sedangkan pengeluaran lochia rubra didapatkan nilai p = 0,000 (<0.05) berarti ada pengaruh pijat postpartum terhadap pengeluaran lochia rubra. Pijat postpartum ini dapat dijadikan sebagai intervensi dalam pelayanan kebidanan pada masa postpartum.
Kata Kunci : Pijat postpartum; involusi uteri; lochia rubra
PENGARUH KOMPETENSI, LINGKUNGAN, MOTIVASI, DISIPLIN, KEPEMIMPINAN DAN KOMUNIKASI TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS KERJA KARYAWAN PT.RADIATEX PEKALONGAN
Authors: Supriyatno Irawan , Yusuf Muhamad , Anggraini Ririn
Published: November 2021

Penelitian atau studi terjadi bermaksud mendapati: pengaruh kompetensi, lingkungan kerja, motivasi kerja, disiplin kerja, kepemimpinan dan komunikasi secara sebagian-sebagian dan bersamaa-sama terhadap produktivitas kerja. Metode studi menggunakan asosiatif kausal melalui pendekatan kuantitatif yang dilakukan pada PT. Radiatex Pekalongan. Teknik yang digunakan untuk memperoleh bukti melalui kuesioner serta diuji validitas reliabilitasnya. Populasi berfokus atas karyawan karyawan divisi produksi di PT. Radiatex Pekalongan, dengan sampel sebanyak 70. Hasil memanifestasikan  berupa Kompetensi, Lingkungan Kerja, Motivasi Kerja, Disiplin Kerja, Kepemimpinan dan Komunikasi secara terpisah dan bersamaan mempunyai pengaruh terhadap produktivitas kerja karyawan. Kondisi ini berdasarkan hasil uji-t dan uji-f yang mencapai nilai signifikansi dibawah 0,05.

Kata Kunci : Kompetensi, Lingkungan Kerja, Motivasi Kerja, Disiplin Kerja, Kepemimpinan, Komunikasi, Produktivitas Kerja
Since When Were Martyrs Jewish?
Authors: Rafael Anna-Liisa
Published: November 2021

This article examines three fourth-century homilies (by Gregory Nazianzen,
John Chrysostom, and Augustine of Hippo) on the so-called
Maccabean martyrs. It calls into question the scholarly commonplace that
these homilies offer a case of Christian appropriation of Jewish martyrs
and argues instead that a positive notion of Jewish martyrdom – that is,
martyrdom for Christ before Christ – develops within the early Christian
martyrological discourse expressly with the help of the Maccabean martyr
figures.
Were the Early Christians Really Persecuted?
Authors: Middleton Paul
Published: November 2021

The long-held image of early Christ-believers persecuted by an intolerant
state has been called into question by a “minimalist” view, which, in
contrast, understands Christian obstinacy as intolerance of a largely
tolerant Roman state. This article seeks to balance these two extremes
by offering a new model of “modified minimalism,” which accounts for
both Christian and Roman viewpoints.
Rolling Out the Red Carpet, Roman-Style : The Arrival at Rome From Constantine to Charlemagne
Authors: Latham Jacob
Published: November 2021

The arrival ceremony (adventus) provides important insights into the
social imaginary of late antique Rome. On the one hand, the adventus
visibly highlighted the power of those arriving. On the other hand, the
city presented a version of itself in the form of the welcoming committee.
How, for whom, and by whom these arrivals were staged reveals the
changing ways that Rome was imagined. Though the ceremony remained
deeply traditional for a very long time – emperors greeted by the senate
and Roman people – over centuries, the ritual was slowly adapted to suit
a Christianizing city. Bishops not only joined the welcoming committee,
but they themselves were welcomed back into Rome in grand style.
Renewal, Heritage, and Exchange in Eleventh-Century Roman Chant Traditions
Authors: Nardini Luisa
Published: November 2021

The creative outburst of the Roman schola cantorum – which ultimately
led to the formation of the so-called Gregorian chant – was probably
completed before the turn of the seventh century. The copying of the first
notated manuscripts in Rome, however, dates to the mid-eleventh century
at the earliest. Scholars have generally discussed Roman manuscripts
either to speculate about the earlier, more pristine, status of the melodies,
or for comparison with their Gregorian counterparts. This essay considers
Roman chant manuscripts as documents of their own times. Through
textual and melodic analysis as well as through examination of the
manuscript tradition of selected pieces, it also redefines Roman influence
upon other European centers in the later centuries of the Middle Ages.
Reforming Readers, Reforming Texts : The Making of Discursive Community in Gregorian Rome
Authors: North William
Published: November 2021

The late eleventh century witnessed the growing assertion of the Roman
pope’s role as judge over ecclesiastical affairs. Yet, the institutional
imagination behind these developments was more complex and fragile
and less developed than is often assumed. Using three specific witnesses
– Peter Damian; Atto, cardinal priest of San Marco; and Bruno, cardinal
bishop of Segni – this essay reveals the focused, but idiosyncratic, attention
that members of the Roman clergy paid to ‘the ecclesial imaginary’.
These witnesses reveal that the Roman clergy’s own consciousness of its
place and power was hard won mental terrain that had continually to be
reinforced and defended. They also reveal sustained effort to anchor this
transformed institutional consciousness firmly in the authority of texts.
Shell Connections: The Exoticization and Eroticization of Asian Maritime Material Culture
Authors: Grasskamp Anna
Published: November 2021

New knowledge of shell-carving techniques practiced in China changed the way
materials were physically manipulated by craftsmen in Europe, a process that
contributed to the appropriation but also the exoticisation and eroticisation of
collectible shells across Eurasia. Mapping the geography of transcultural connections
in maritime material culture, this chapter discusses shells, in particular
nautilus shells, in relation to the bodies of early modern artisans and collectors
in China and Europe. Examining concepts of material agency and considering
objects as ‘actors’, it argues that Guangzhou-carved conches changed early modern
European craftsmanship through non-verbal means and shows how shells were
perceived in both cultures as gendered objects at the intersection of material
collecting and visual fantasies of oceans and foreign spaces.
Introduction
Authors: Grasskamp Anna
Published: November 2021

Laying the groundwork for a study of Sino-European exchanges in art and maritime
material culture between 1500 and 1700, the introduction outlines the framework
in which the book positions itself. As the early modern interest in shells and pearls
was rooted in material, aesthetic, artisanal, sensual and scientific interests, the
introduction highlights relevant scholarship in the fields of ecology, art history,
animal studies, anthropology, gender studies, political science and the history of
science that engage with the conceptualization of EurAsian matter and situates
the monograph within the interdisciplinary field of material culture studies.
EMI in Spain
Authors: Lasagabaster David
Published: November 2021

Spanish universities have lately striven to boost English-medium instruction (EMI) programmes, since EMI is viewed as a lynchpin of the
internationalization process. Thus, Spanish universities encourage the
use of English, which in monolingual regions entails bilingualism as
the desired outcome, whereas in officially bilingual regions trilingualism is the aim. Spain is a multilingual country in which some minority
languages coexist with Spanish and English in the curriculum and this
multilingualism ineluctably generates friction. This chapter analyses how
the interaction between Englishization and multilingualism is perceived
by society in general and the different university bodies in particular, the
reactions encountered as regards the impact of Englishization on the L1,
and whether there are differences across disciplines.
Englishization of Croatian higher education
Authors: Drljača Margić Branka
Published: November 2021

The perceived benefits of English-medium instruction (EMI), such as
greater competitiveness of universities, are the reasons why meso- and
macro-level stakeholders in Croatian higher education (HE) seek to implement it. Nevertheless, the overall adoption of EMI has been rather slow,
resulting in only 3% of study programmes in English. Such a small number
has sparked no public or scholarly resistance to this aspect of Englishization. On the micro level, however, the introduction of EMI has provoked
a range of different reactions, from favourable attitudes to concerns over
the quality of education and the status of Croatian in academia. Evidence
for these views were gleaned from the studies conducted at the University
of Rijeka, Croatia.
Breaking the Silence
Authors: Doolan Paul M.M.
Published: November 2021

During the 1960s, television allowed historian Loe de Jong to shape a
collective memory of the Dutch as heroes who suffered German barbarism
during the Occupation. Thus, decolonization was unremembered. In 1969,
a VARA television interview with veteran Joop Hueting caused a public
outcry by detailing Dutch atrocities during decolonization. The official
inquiry that followed, and the decision to publish a collection of official
documents, only furthered the process of unremembering. Hueting’s
interview inspired some veterans to pen realistic novels of the conflict,
as well as the first academic study of Dutch mass violence. The role of
the press was ambiguous. Historians failed to engage with the subject,
but the public television broadcaster VPRO aired a serious documentary
about decolonization in 1976.
Postmemory
Authors: Doolan Paul M.M.
Published: November 2021

The second generation of those repatriated from the former colony during
decolonization inherited a memory of traumatic loss that they themselves
had not experienced. The violent actions of Moluccan youths during the
1970s were not anti-colonial attempts to promote liberation but can be
best understood as attempts at contesting Dutch colonial unremembering.
During the 1980s, postmemory authors, like Jill Stolk, Marion Bloem and
Adriaan van Dis, problematized unremembering, drawing attention to
their postcolonial condition and complicating the narrative of us (the
Dutch) versus them (the Indonesians). Radio and television during the
1980s increasingly offered platforms where the brutality of the war of
decolonization and perpetration of widespread Dutch atrocities were
highlighted. The testimony of veterans, not historians, dominated these
narratives.
MACROFAUNA DO SOLO EM CULTIVO DE MAXIXE FERTILIZADO COM ESTERCO CAPRINO
Authors: Santos Maria Hilma dos , Silva Dayane Kelly da , Figueiredo Maria Thalillian Santos , Albuquerque Ariane Loudemila Silva de
Published: November 2021

Introdução: A macrofauna edáfica é um dos indicadores da biodiversidade que desempenham diversas atividades biológicas e possuem elevada sensibilidade as condições do meio, participando ativamente dos processos físicos e químicos no solo. Esse grupo é constituído pelos invertebrados com mais de 10 mm de comprimento e/ou 2 mm de diâmetro, e são componentes importantes da biota do solo, pois exercem um papel fundamental na fragmentação do material vegetal e na regulação indireta dos processos biológicos do solo. Objetivos: Objetivou-se caracterizar a macrofauna edáfica em plantação de maxixe (Cucumis anguria L) adubada com esterco caprino, no povoado de Bananeiras. Material e métodos: O trabalho foi realizado no Pólo Tecnológico Agroalimentar de Arapiraca, localizado no povoado Bananeiras, pertencente à Universidade Estadual de Alagoas. Para a avaliação da macrofauna do solo foram instaladas armadilhas adaptadas do tipo Provid, em uma plantação de maxixe de 48m², por um período de quatro dias (96 horas). A amostragem da macrofauna edáfica foi realizada durante o período de desenvolvimento dos frutos do maxixe sob a influência da adubação bovina. Posteriormente a coleta, os indivíduos capturados nas armadilhas foram lavados e mantidos em álcool a 70%, até a contagem e identificação dos organismos ao nível de ordem. Resultados: Para avaliação quantitativa da macrofauna, foi mensurado o número total de organismos (abundância de espécies) e qualitativamente, mediante a diversidade. Os grupos predominantes da área estudada foram: Hymenoptera (85,50 %); Coleoptera (7,98%) e Araneae (3,07%). Conclusão: Nas amostragens estudadas, o grupo mais expressivo foi o Hymenoptera, apresentando maior quantidade de indivíduos quando colacionado com os demais.
TOXICIDADE DO ÓLEO FIXO DE AMÊNDOA DOCE SOBRE ZABROTES SUBFASCIATUS EM GRÃOS DE FEIJÃO COMUM
Authors: Frota Matheus Rodrigues , Fontes Lúcia Da Silva , Reis André Pryjma Araújo , Brito Rodrigo De Carvalho , Barbosa Douglas Rafael E Silva
Published: November 2021

Introdução: O feijão comum (Phaseolus vulgaris), cultivado por pequenos e grandes produtores e empresários rurais apresenta-se como fonte de renda e de subsistência. Contudo, a qualidade e produtividade desses grãos têm sido afetadas por pragas que as danificam desde a emergência até seu armazenamento. Objetivo: O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a toxicidade do óleo de amêndoa doce sobre Zabrotes subfasciatus em grãos de feijão comum, visando o controle desse inseto-praga. Metodologia: Para cada teste foram utilizadas parcelas com 20g de feijão, infestadas com 10 fêmeas do inseto-praga com 0-48h de idade, acondicionadas em recipientes de plástico. Foram testadas 16 concentrações variando de 0 µL a 250 µL, com 4 repetições cada. O óleo foi adicionado aos grãos com pipetador automático, logo após foram infestados com os insetos. Após 48 horas de confinamento a mortalidade dos adultos foi avaliada e as fêmeas descartadas. Os ovos depositados nos grãos foram contabilizados após 12 dias e os insetos emergidos aos 32 dias após o confinamento. Esse estudo está cadastrado no SisGen sob registro AFFA7CE. Resultados: Avaliou-se os parâmetros: mortalidade, oviposição e emergência. Com o aumento da concentração do óleo houve também um aumento na mortalidade de Z. subfasciatus, sendo que a partir do tratamento de 80 µL houve uma mortalidade maior que 50% da população de insetos, chegando no tratamento de 250 µL com mortalidade de 100% dos inseto. A exposição ao óleo diminuiu o número de ovos viáveis. Na testemunha verificou-se 351 ovos viáveis. Os tratamentos de 95 µL, 100 µL, 150 µL, 200 µL e 250 µL provocaram uma redução de 98% na oviposição. Houve um efeito nocivo a biologia do inseto, tendo a testemunha apresentado maior número de emergência de insetos, enquanto nos tratamentos seguintes foi diminuindo até chegar a 0, nos tratamentos de 200 µL e 250 µL. A partir do tratamento 95 µL observou-se uma emergência de insetos abaixo de 2% .Conclusão: O óleo fixo de amêndoa doce apresentou bons resultados reduzindo a oviposição das fêmeas e emergência de adultos, e mostrou eficiência sobre a mortalidade de Zabrotes subfasciatus em feijão comum.
AS VANTAGENS DA IMPLANTAÇÃO DE UM BORBOLETÁRIO COMO UMA ESTRATÉGIA DE EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL EM CACHOEIRAS DE MACACU, RIO DE JANEIRO, BRASIL
Authors: Barbosa Cláudia Maria Ferrari , Oliveira Érika Da Silva Benício De , Coelho Rafaela De Sá , Carvalho Mauriny Edilania Batista De , Filho Arlindo Serpa
Published: November 2021

Introdução: Qualidade de vida é um direito fundamental para todos os seres vivos, sejam da espécie humana ou não. Entender e preservar a biodiversidade são pontos inegociáveis nos dias de hoje. Nesse sentido, esclarecer a população através de ações educativas deve ser sempre um instrumento que agrega conhecimento em todas as formas. O trabalho em questão apresenta informações sobre o valor da implantação de um borboletário, no município de Cachoeiras de Macacu, entre os professores que atuam no município. A localização do borboletário é na região metropolitana do estado do Rio de Janeiro, cercado pelo bioma Mata Atlântica. Abriga a Unidade de Conservação denominada Reserva Ecológica de Guapiaçu – REGUA e ainda, o Parque Estadual dos Três Picos, onde se encontra o mais alto índice de biodiversidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Objetivos: Este trabalho pretende descrever as vantagens da implantação de um borboletário, como uma estratégia de educação ambiental, em Cachoeiras de Macacu, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, assim como perceber o grau de conhecimento a respeito da ordem Lepidoptera por parte dos professores de uma escola particular dentro município. Material e métodos: Foram aplicados questionários, com 18 perguntas a 6 professores do 8º ano do Ensino Fundamental ao 3º ano do Ensino Médio, a respeito da ordem Lepidoptera, sua importância ecológica e sobre borboletários. Resultados: Os dados resultantes dos questionários mostraram que todos os professores tinham conhecimento de que borboletas são insetos e que as lagartas são larvas de lepidópteros. Além disso, possuem entendimento sobre borboletários e importância ecológica das borboletas. Também afirmaram que a presença de um borboletário na cidade contribuiria para a Educação Ambiental da população. Conclusão: De acordo com as respostas obtidas conclui-se que é muito vantajosa a implantação de um borboletário como uma estratégia de educação ambiental, em Cachoeiras de Macacu, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, visando à conscientização da preservação das borboletas, tal como o seu ambiente.
Preiserhöhung für Butter macht den Anfang
Authors: Lenders Dirk , Murmann Christoph
Published: November 2021

Der Handel muss wohl bald bis zu 40 Cent mehr je Päckchen Butter zahlen. Wie viel ihn demnächst Trinkmilch aus besonderen Haltungsformen kosten wird, darüber verhandelt die Industrie mit gestärktem Selbstbewusstsein.
„Die bessere Ökobilanz hat recyceltes PET“
Authors: Wenzel Horst
Published: November 2021

Unterwegs zu nachhaltigeren PET-Flaschen will Coca-Cola primär die Rezyklatquoten erhöhen, daneben aber auch den Gehalt von Kunststoff aus nachwachsenden Rohstoffen steigern.
Galeria bringt Transformation ins Rollen
Authors: Tewes Werner
Published: November 2021

Galeria bringt Licht ins Dunkel: Der Warenhauskonzern präsentiert Details seiner Neuaufstellung: Mit dem Umbau der Filialen in Weltstadthäuser, regionale Magneten und lokale Foren will die Chefetage das Unternehmen zurück in die Spur bringen. Die Pilotfilialen sind jetzt eröffnet worden.
Heimische Obst- und Gemüsebranche in Not
Authors: Wessel Andrea
Published: November 2021

Die heimischen Obst- und Gemüsebauern schlagen Alarm. Durch die drohende Kostenexplosion nicht nur bei Personal und Energie fürchten sie zunehmend gegenüber ausländischen Produzenten ins Hintertreffen zu geraten.
Neue Ankeraktionäre für Schloss Vaux
Authors: Murmann Christoph
Published: November 2021

Bei der Sektkellerei Schloss Vaux erfolgt ein Inhaber- und Vorstandswechsel. Nikolaus von Plettenberg scheidet zum Jahresende aus, zu den neuen Ankeraktionären gehört der Aufsichtsratsvorsitzende Michael zu Salm-Salm.
„Motor für Innovationen“
Authors: Düthmann Christiane
Published: November 2021

Axel Kölle, Geschäftsführer des Zentrums für nachhaltige Unternehmensführung (ZNU), über Klimaschutz in der Konsumgüterbranche und die Studienergebnisse von ZNU und LZ.
Ab auf die Weide
Authors: Liebig-Braunholz Silke
Published: November 2021

Die Kuh hat ein Imageproblem. Sie gilt zunehmend als Klimaschädling. Landwirte und Molkereibranche suchen nach Methoden, um die Umwelteinflüsse der Nutztiere zu entschärfen. Silke Liebig-Braunholz
„Das Pendel schlägt zurück“
Authors: Düthmann Christiane , Kühn Iki
Published: November 2021

Molkereibesitzer Heinrich Gropper über die Notwendigkeit von Spielregeln beim Klimaschutz, die Debatte Glas versus Plastik, den Veggie-Boom und sein Bauchgefühl.
Zeichen setzen
Authors: Vongehr Ulrike
Published: November 2021

Nachhaltigkeitssiegel für Lebensmittel gibt es fast schon wie Sand am Meer. In Europa sollen es mehr als 200 sein, die vom Tierwohl bis zur Klimaneutralität alles Mögliche versprechen. Jetzt will die EU-Kommission für Transparenz und Übersicht im Label-Labyrinth sorgen. Ulrike Vongehr
„Es sollte freiwillig bleiben“
Authors: Vongehr Ulrike
Published: November 2021

Stefanie Sabet, Geschäftsführerin der Bundesvereinigung der Deutschen Ernährungsindustrie (BVE), über den Label-Wirrwarr, die geplante Green-Claims-Richtlinie und den Eco-Score bei Lidl.
Für eine bessere Welt
Authors: Will Birgit
Published: November 2021

Pflanzenbasierte Ernährungsweisen boomen – doch steigen damit auch die Ansprüche der Konsumenten an die New-Food-Hersteller. Kapitalgeber, Nachhaltigkeit und Rohstoffherkunft stehen auf dem Prüfstand. Birgit Will
P&G will klimafreundlichere Transporte
Authors: Rode Jörg
Published: November 2021

Kombinierter Verkehr mit der Eisenbahn und alternative Lkw-Antriebe waren Top-Themen auf dem BVL-Logistikkongress
Erforschung der Gletscher mit dem Cryoegg
Authors: Stifter Sarah
Published: November 2021

Bei der Erforschung der Gletscher spielt die Druckmesstechnik der Keller AG eine wichtige Rolle. Ein moderner Drucktransmitter dient als zuverlässiger Sensor für die Messung des Wasserdrucks.
Regenwasser und Abwasser im Klimawandel
Authors: Hübner Mario
Published: November 2021

Eine Vortagsreihe, die die Mall GmbH zusammen mit Partnerfirmen veranstaltet und die den aktuellen Forderungen nach Regenwassermanagement und einer nachhaltigen Planung von Bauvorhaben nachgeht.
Measuring (online) word segmentation in adults and children
Authors: Broedelet Iris , Boersma Paul , Rispens Judith
Published: November 2021

Since Saffran, Aslin and Newport (1996) showed that infants were sensitive to transitional probabilities between syllables after being exposed to a few minutes of fluent speech, there has been ample research on statistical learning. Word segmentation studies usually test learning by making use of “offline methods” such as forced-choice tasks. However, cognitive factors besides statistical learning possibly influence performance on those tasks. The goal of the present study was to improve a method for measuring word segmentation online. Click sounds were added to the speech stream, both between words and within words. Stronger expectations for the next syllable within words as opposed to between words were expected to result in slower detection of clicks within words, revealing sensitivity to word boundaries. Unexpectedly, we did not find evidence for learning in multiple groups of adults and child participants. We discuss possible methodological factors that could have influenced our results.
Small States in Great Power Politics: Understanding the “Buffer Effect”
Authors: Efremova Ksenia
Published: November 2021

This paper deals with the concept of “small states” as opposed to “great powers”. Both concepts are considered to be ideal types with peculiar behaviour characteristics. It is argued that in certain circumstances (i.e. within a “buffer system”) small states may affect the behaviour of great powers in a way that mitigates the latter's rivalry. It appears that a buffer state jammed between two rivals is not a pawn but a pivot in great power games, which may choose from a range of strategies (balancing, bandwagoning, leaning to a third power, staying neutral, or hedging risks) to sustain its survival as an independent unit. By applying the game theory approach to analyse great power relationships, the paper demonstrates how a “win-lose” game transforms into a “win-win” game, and what is the role of small buffer states in this transformation. Touching upon the problem of unequal powers’ interactions, this piece of research contributes to the extant literature on asymmetry in international relations mainly in a theoretical way, drawing attention to a virtually forgotten sphere of international relations — buffer systems — mostly overlooked by the current IR discourse.
The Role of Non-Governmental Organisations in Development Tourism Sector: A Comparative Study Between Bulgaria and Egypt
Authors: Ivanova Petya , Khalifa Mahmoud
Published: November 2021

There are two main parts of the article that present the Bulgarian and Egyptian non-governmental organisations in the field of tourism. The legislative framework and conditions for registration of such organisations as well as their role in the overall management of tourism in both countries differ. Special attention is paid to non-governmental organisations, which are created in Bulgaria and Egypt on a trade, product and territorial basis, and their roles in development tourism sector.
NEE estimates 2006–2019 over Europe from a pre-operational ensemble-inversion system
Authors: Munassar Saqr , Rödenbeck Christian , Koch Thomas , Totsche Kai U. , Gałkowski Michał , Walther Sophia , Gerbig Christoph
Published: November 2021

Abstract. 3-hourly Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) is estimated at spatial scales of 0.25 degrees over the European continent, based on the pre-operational inverse modelling framework CarboScope Regional (CSR) for the years 2006 to 2019. To assess the uncertainty originating from the choice of a-priori flux models and observational data, ensembles of inversions were produced using three terrestrial ecosystem flux models, two ocean flux models, and three sets of atmospheric stations. We find that the station set ensemble accounts for 61 % of the total spread of the annually aggregated fluxes over the full domain when varying all these elements, while the biosphere and ocean ensembles resulted in much smaller contributions to the spread of 28 % and 11 %, respectively. These percentages differ over the specific regions of Europe, based on the availability of atmospheric data. For example, the spread of the biosphere ensemble is prone to be larger in regions that are less constrained by CO2 measurements. We further investigate the unprecedented increase of temperature and simultaneous reduction of Soil Water Content (SWC) observed in 2018 and 2019. We find that NEE estimates during these two years suggest an impact of drought occurrences represented by the reduction of Net Primary Productivity (NPP), which in turn lead to less CO2 uptake across Europe in 2018 and 2019, resulting in anomalies up to 0.13 and 0.07 PgC yr-1 above the climatological mean, respectively. Annual temperature anomalies also exceeded the climatological mean by 0.46 °C in 2018 and by 0.56 °C in 2019, while standardized-precipitation-evaporation-index (SPEI) anomalies declined to −0.20 and −0.05 SPEI units below the climatological mean in both 2018 and 2019, respectively. Therefore, the biogenic fluxes showed a weaker sink of CO2 in both 2018 and 2019 (−0.22±0.05 and −0.28±0.06 PgC yr-1, respectively) in comparison with the mean −0.36±0.07 PgC yr-1 calculated over the full analysed period (i.e., fourteen years). These translate into a continental-wide reduction of the annual sink by 39 % and 22 %, respectively, larger than the typical year-to-year standard deviation of 19 % observed over the full period.
Characterization of transport from the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone into the UTLS via shedding of low-potential vorticity cutoffs
Authors: Clemens Jan , Ploeger Felix , Konopka Paul , Portmann Raphael , Sprenger Michael , Wernli Heini
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Air mass transport within the summertime Asian monsoon circulation provides a major source of anthropogenic pollution for the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS). Here, we investigate the quasi-horizontal transport of air masses from the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone (ASMA) into the extratropical lower stratosphere and their chemical evolution. For that reason, we developed a method to identify and track the air masses exported from the monsoon. This method is based on the anomalously low potential vorticity (PV) of these air masses (tropospheric low–PV cutoffs) compared to the lower-stratosphere, and uses trajectory calculations and chemical fields from the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS). The results show evidence for frequent summertime transport from the monsoon anticyclone to mid-latitudes over the North Pacific, even reaching high latitude regions of Siberia and Alaska. Most of the low–PV cutoffs related to air masses exported from the ASMA have lifetimes shorter than one week (about 90 %) and sizes smaller than 1 percent of the northern hemisphere (NH) area. The chemical composition of these air masses is characterised by carbon monoxide, ozone and water vapour mixing ratios at an intermediate range between values typical for the monsoon anticyclone and the lower-stratosphere. The chemical evolution during transport within these low–PV cutoffs shows a gradual change from characteristics of the monsoon anticyclone to characteristics of the lower stratospheric background during about one week, indicating continuous mixing with the background atmosphere.
Cretopachyderes gen. nov., a new remarkable click beetle (Coleoptera: Elateridae: Agrypninae) from the mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber
Authors: Kundrata Robin , Prosvirov Alexander S. , Long Roger , Packova Gabriela
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Although the Mesozoic Era played an important role in the evolution and diversification of Elateridae, the Cretaceous click-beetle fauna remains very poorly known. Here we describe Cretopachyderes burmitinus gen. et sp. nov. based on a single specimen from the mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber. This species is remarkable for its extremely long posterior angles of pronotum, which is a unique character among fossil Elateridae. We discuss the diagnostic characters of Cretopachyderes gen. nov. and tentatively place it to subfamily Agrypninae close to extant genus Pachyderes Guérin-Méneville, 1829.
Inland watercraft in old inventory books of the Teutonic Order
Authors: Radoch Marek
Published: November 2021

W świetle dawnych ksiąg inwentarzowych zakonu krzyżackiego w okresie od II poł. XIV w. do 1525 r. zamki w Prusach w transporcie wodnym (po rzekach, zalewach i jeziorach) wykorzystywały następujące jednostki pływające:
• wielokrotnie statki – najczęściej nasady (nasuty), w mniejszym stopniu szkuty, korabiki, dubasy, burdyny, lichtany czy też statki dejmskie i wiślane, a także wyspecjalizowane w określonych zadaniach (rybackie, do przewozu pożywienia, drewna, wozów i dział oraz służby);
• często promy i tratwy;
• bardzo często rozmaite łodzie (rzeczne, wiślane, rybackie, eskortujące, przewozowe, szeląg, kilówka).
Primary Renal Lymphoma – A Challenging Diagnosis
Authors: Ali Kanwal , Islam M. Anis , Mushtaque Fahad , Ahmad Hussain , Khan Haroon , Bhutta Mahwish
Published: November 2021

Primary renal lymphoma is rare challenging diagnostic dilemma. Many cases have been found in literature, but a cleardiagnostic criterion is still evolving. Chemotherapy is the treatment of choice, however due to its rarity; it is oftenmisdiagnosed, which leads to nephrectomies resulting in unnecessary morbidity. A case of a 60 years old male found tohave a renal mass, being treated as renal cell carcinoma. Exploration for radical nephrectomy resulted in an open biopsyinstead due to a fixed, hard, inoperable renal mass. Diagnosis of lymphoma was made by histological confirmation of the disease and patient was treated with chemotherapy.
Outcomes of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Pakistani Mothers: An Experience of a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Khattak Samina , Shah Abid , Imran Ayesha , Khattak Muhammad , Mansoor Khurram , Memon Asma
Published: November 2021

Objective: To assess the incidence and outcome of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) during pregnancy among sampleof Pakistani population. Study Designand Setting:This was an analytic case-control prospective study carried out at two centers (CMH Kharianand PNS Shifa Hospital Karachi) from 1st Jan till 30th July 2021. MethodologyPreviously healthy mothers were divided into three groups according to their risk of elevated glucose levelsgestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) during pregnancy. Associations between GDM eminence (exposure variable) andpregnancy-related, fetal, and neonatal outcomes were reviewed (i.e., mode of delivery, preterm baby, pregnancy-inducedhypertension, and fetal macrosomia, stillbirth, premature delivery etc. One way ANOVA was employed to compare thesignificant differences in different dependent variables amongst three groups. P Values of <0.05 were considered substantial. Results: A total of 120 patients were divided into 3 groups Group 1 (uncontrolled sugar group) who could not achieveadequate sugar control, Group II (adequate sugar control group)and Group III as control group (Non-Diabetic). The meanage in our population was 24 (+ 4.15) years most of study population 70% of mothers were under 25 years of age. Themajority (95%) of deliveries in the control group (Euglycemic) were uneventful, but poor fetal outcomes were noted ingroups 1 2 (documented to have elevated blood sugars,) especially in the group with Uncontrolled Sugar. GDM was positively associated with preterm birth, stillbirth and macrosomia. Conclusion: GDM is a prevalent disease in Pakistan and needs and has association with poor pregnancy outcomes. Urgent attention requires at individual and state level to reduce morbidity and mortality.
Circulation of Orhan Pamuk’s Benim Adım Kırmızı [My Name is Red] in contemporary Chinese-Indonesian literature
Authors: Karali Sebnem Nazli , Adji Alberta Natasia
Published: November 2021

This article is an exploration of contemporary Turkish and Chinese-Indonesian literatures with regards to a mid to late 18th Century literary niche: the it-narrative. Thinking (noesis) back and forth between centuries and different literary genres makes (poiesis) the conversation possible, which addresses the socio-literary imagination of the last four centuries. The authors re-examine the genre of it-narrative outside 18th Century studies and reassess the encounter of Turkish author Orhan Pamuk and Chinese-Indonesian author Alberta Natasia Adji within the socio-cultural and historico-political context of modern Turkey and Indonesia. The question is how Pamuk’s use of prosopopoeia in his 1998 novel Benim Adım Kırmızı (My Name is Red) influences Adji’s decision to use the 18th Century it-narratives in her 2019 short story I am Her Bracelet.

Image by H005 from Wikimedia Commons: ‘Plates for sale on the Grand Bazaar (Kapalı Çarşı) in Istanbul’, CC BY-SA 3.0
Shifting things: Objects as contradictory partners in life writing
Authors: Robertson Rachel
Published: November 2021

Evocative objects, suggests Sherry Turkle (2007), demonstrate the inseparability of thought and emotion in our relationships to certain objects. This is even more the case with objects that have become things, untethered from and exceeding their everyday use. There is a comforting solidity about things that offers a contrast to the shifting consciousness of the writer. But then things, too, begin to morph and shift: childhood objects opening an infinity of stories, the cracked teacup conjuring another time and place, people now dead. Life writing from and through things both dramatises and contests dualities such as self and other, order and chaos, exposure and concealment. This essay follows things and draws on thing theory and contemporary material culture studies to explore the way evocative objects become contradictory partners in life writing.
Metafory i ich ucieleśnienie. Wprowadzenie do problematyki
Authors: Hetmański Marek
Published: November 2021

W tekście omówione są różne znaczenia przydawane kategoriom ciała i cielesności w zależności od sposobów albo potocznego, albo naukowego definiowania i mówienia o nich, a także od kontekstu, w jakim kategorie te funkcjonują. Analizowane są filozoficzne koncepcje cielesności rozwinięte przez Husserla i Merleau-Ponty’ego, których założenia są kontynuowane współcześnie w kognitywistycznych i lingwistycznych badaniach ucieleśnionego poznania i umysłu, w koncepcjach Zahaviego, Lakoffa i Johnsona. Rozpatruje się również językowe uwarunkowania doświadczania cielesności przez człowieka, w tym zwłaszcza metaforyczne zwroty, w których ujmuje się takie doświadczenie. Metaforom mówiącym o ciałach fizycznych, o ciele ludzkim, cielesnym doświadczaniu otoczenia oraz o ucieleśnianiu w znaczeniu realizowania się idei poświęcona jest główna część tekstu. Na tej podstawie ukazany zostaje szeroki sens tytułowego określenia „metafor ucieleśnionych” właściwego nie tylko dla zwrotów metaforycznych języka potocznego i naukowego, ale odnoszącego się także do zachowań, gestów i znakowo-symbolicznych przedstawień różnych rodzajów ludzkiego doświadczenia.
Metafory sztucznej inteligencji
Authors: Sopek Mirosław
Published: November 2021

Metafory odgrywają w sztucznej inteligencji znaczącą rolę, zarówno w teorii, jak i w praktyce tej dyscypliny. Co więcej, to, w jaki sposób rozumiemy sztuczną inteligencję, jest wynikiem procesu myślowego o głęboko metaforycznym charakterze. Obecność metafor nie jest jednak zauważana ani doceniana przez jej obecnych adeptów, pomimo iż w tradycyjnej, symbolicznej sztucznej inteligencji (zwanej często GOFAI, Good Old Fashioned AI, czyli „staromodną sztuczną inteligencją”) powstawały rozwiązania zdolne do przetwarzania metafor – ich wykrywania i ujawniania ich dosłownych znaczeń. Pierwszym celem niniejszej publikacji jest przede wszystkim wskazanie i zdefiniowanie metaforycznego charakteru rozumienia SI, gdyż niedostrzeganie jego obecności przyczynia się do wzmacniania nieporozumień dotyczących istoty współczesnej sztucznej inteligencji. Drugim celem publikacji jest opis sposobów, jakimi tradycyjna (symboliczna) sztuczna inteligencja próbowała zmierzyć się z metaforycznym sposobem opisu rzeczywistości, oraz jak tematykę metafor traktuje współczesna sztuczna inteligencja oparta na metodach sztucznych sieci neuronowych i uczenia maszynowego. W podsumowaniu autor postuluje włączenie zagadnień dotyczących metafor zarówno do dydaktyki podstaw teoretycznych (theoria), jak i zastosowań sztucznej inteligencji (praxis).
Idiosyncrasy in Foreign Policy Decision Making Situational: Analysis of Trump and Biden Approaches towards South Asia
Authors: Dr Muhammad Umer Hayat , Alina Zaid
Published: November 2021

This paper explores the leadership phenomenon in making foreign policy and in the decision-making process that how does it affect other states. By using leadership theories and idiosyncratic factors which include perceptions of leaders, historical experiences, and ideological orientations all affect the US foreign policy along with it the dynamic geopolitical environment also matters in this regard. The study further argues that how the high-risk situations involve the leader in eliminating obstacles, for example, post 9/11 terrorism climax, Modi recent moves in the region and Trump reaction towards them and as an Asian power what strategies he adopted vis-à-vis Pakistan. In such expected worrisome times this article furthermore highlights the comparative courage, and overview of their approaches that might help in understanding the authoritarian and paternal styles, traits of leadership as an individual.
The Vaccine Dilemma A Case Study of Pakistan
Authors: Muneera Moulabuksh, Sikander Bakht Abbasi, Nabila Aftab
Published: November 2021

In addition to economic, political, and societal barriers, vaccination is also hampered by a lack of public acceptability. Similar to the 2019 Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19), environmental and health catastrophes have a substantial influence on immunisation efforts. Due to interruptions in routine vaccination and the growth of health care systems, Pakistan's immunisation efforts were predicted to be badly affected by the pandemic. More outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases (VPD) are expected as a result of this trend. But there isn't any proof to back this up. According to a qualitative research, this article evaluates the influence of COVID-19 on Pakistan's regular immunisation programmes. Locals in Sindh region of Pakistan opposed routine polio vaccinations for some time until they were resumed in July 2020. A 'Western Conspiracy' was believed to be behind both the vaccination and COVID-19. Arguments for the existence of socioeconomic memory suggest that these attitudes and behaviours may be understood in the context of economic, sociocultural, and geopolitical factors. By arranging Supplementary Immunisation  Activities (SIAs), the government may address COVID-19's detrimental influence on routine vaccination, as well as other important concerns affecting vaccination programs in the country.
ANALYSIS OF STRATEGIC COOPERATION, INVESTMENTS, AND TRADE A CASE STUDY OF PAKISTAN-GERMAN RELATIONS
Authors: Wahid Sharif ,Dr. Muhammad Ali
Published: November 2021

In order to fully understand the relationship between Germany and Pakistan, on both sides of the relationship, it is important to examine wider local and international economic and political trends. Pakistan is currently dealing with significant challenges after a democratic power transfer in 2013. Stable regional stability places pressure on Pakistan, aggravating domestic concerns such as macroeconomic and trade volatility, social unrest, and problems with energy and infrastructure supply chains, among other things. As a result, this study investigates the scope and history of German-Pakistani ties, with a focus on trade, economic cooperation, and strategic goals on both sides of the border. An analysis of trade and investment links between Germany and Pakistan over the previous decade indicates relatively low volumes with opportunity for growth. These concerns are shown in the absence of globalisation and economic diversification among Pakistan's private sector companies. More than that, neither country has a specialised policy organisation and neither has a long-standing and friendly, if not particularly energising, relationship with Germany. The EU-Waiver, GSP+, and related trade diversification programmes are the most important components of EU-Pakistani cooperation, and they account for a considerable portion of German-Pakistani debate. If these trends continue to be favourable, Pakistan should make every effort to benefit from them. It is critical for Germany and Pakistan to continue to develop and deepen their strategic cooperation relationship. German and Pakistani bilateral agreements on a framework for strategic interaction, which were signed recently, must be carried out in their entirety.
Media Framing of US Drone Policy in the National Press of Pakistan
Authors: Dr. Akber Ali ,  Faiza Muneeb ,  Rashid Hussain
Published: November 2021

United States drone policy has been fiercely debated both in the mediated and popular discourse in Pakistan. Despite the prevalence of the academic literature on drones, little is known hitherto how the elite- oriented press framed the US drone attacks in Pakistan. To that end this study informed by the framing paradigm, qualitatively analyzed the editorial genres of national press of Pakistan. The analysis identified four major frames or ‘interpretive packages’ the press used to construct the discourse on US drones namely sovereignty violation frame, collateral damage frame, connivance frame, and blowback frame. The findings suggest that drone strikes in Pakistan are represented unfavorably with an overall negative tone toward the drone strikes and the United States and its policies in the region. The discussion elaborates on the possible factors which contributed for the emergence of new frames in the context of Pakistani media
REKONSTRUKSI PENDEKATAN COMPLIANCE RISK MANAGEMENT DI MASA PANDEMI DALAM UPAYA PENGUATAN PENERIMAAN PAJAK
Authors: Prianto Budi Saptono  , Khozen Ismail
Published: November 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic has resulted in a problematic impact on the revenue budget of many countries, including Indonesia. However, when most tax revenues had decreased, personal income tax (PIT) in Indonesia increased. Based on this fact and using a qualitative approach, our study aims to document and analyze a Compliance Risk Management (CRM) approach used to monitor taxpayer compliance in Indonesia. This study analyzes the CRM policy using policy science methods modified according to the CRM implementation and administration scope. Our analysis was carried out primarily by linking the CRM implementation policy with the Covid-19 situation. This study concludes that tax authorities should consider implementing policy strategies under international best practices by adjusting to the current pandemic situation in Indonesia without sticking to each phase. Based on the available alternatives, the Indonesian tax authority needs to consider reconstructing its interaction with taxpayers. The orientation is to provide a stimulus for taxpayers and stay to control their level of compliance.
WHAT PREVENTS IMPROVING ROAD SAFETY IN RUSSIA?
Authors: Майборода О.В. , Брагина И.В.
Published: November 2021

Проведен анализ влияния факторов, мешающих безопасности дорожного движения, сформулирован вывод о том, что главными причинами являются отсутствие учета повторности нарушений и степени возникающей при этом опасности. Предложено вернуться к балльной системе учета повторности нарушений. Разработана шкала учета опасности нарушений. Сформулированы предложения о внесении изменений в ПДД и КоАП РФ.

The analysis of the influence of factors that interfere with road safety is carried out, and it is concluded that the main reasons are the lack of consideration of the repetition of violations and the degree of danger that occurs in this case. It is proposed to return to the point system of accounting for the repetition of violations. A scale for accounting for the risk of violations has been developed. Proposals for amendments to the traffic regulations and the Administrative Code are formulated.
EXPERIENCE OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES IN THE FIELD OF ORGANIZING ACTIVITIES FOR THE PROTECTION OF PUBLIC ORDER WITH SERVICE DOGS
Authors: Лукашев С.А.
Published: November 2021

В статье рассматривается такой вид специальных средств, как служебные собаки, которые используются сотрудниками правоохранительных органов зарубежных стран при охране общественного порядка.

This article addresses the type of special means such as service dogs, which are used by law enforcement officers of foreign countries in public order. There were analyzed cases of their use by various law enforcement agencies in consideration of this topic.