bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Tin‐Alkylation of Sterically Hindered Stannaheterocycles: Synthesis of Tri‐tert‐butyltin Element Compounds.
Authors: HAENSSGEN D. + , REUTER P. , DOELLEIN G. +
Published: May 2016

Methylation of the stannaheterocycles (Ia) ‐ (Ic) yields only the disubstituted compound (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Etching Characteristics of InGaAs/InP and InAlAs/InP Heterostructures.
Authors: STANO A.
Published: May 2016

Three etching systems, H3PO4‐H2O2, H2SO4‐H2O2‐H2O, and Br2‐AcOH, have been investigated for chemical etching of InGaAs/InP and InAlAs/InP heterostructures using a photoresist mask.
ChemInform Abstract: Uses of Corona Discharges in the Semiconductor Industry
Authors: COMIZZOLI R. B.
Published: May 2016

Review: (published and unpublished applications of corona discharges in semiconductor device manufacturing, quality control of insulators, failure analysis, and in understanding electrical properties of insulators.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Properties of Ni3+xSn4.
Authors: FURUSETH S. , FJELLVAG H.
Published: May 2016

The homogeneity range of the title phase is strongly temp.‐dependent.
ChemInform Abstract: High Pressure Behavior of Calcium‐Cobalt Mixed Orthophosphates Isomorphous with β‐Tricalcium Phosphate.
Authors: THEODORET THEODORET , LENZI J. , ROUX P. , BONEL G. , LENZI M.
Published: May 2016

The influence of high pressure (50 kbar) and temp. (900 °C) treatment on the structure of Ca3‐xCox(PO4)2 compounds with 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.4 having the β‐Ca3(PO4)2‐type structure has been investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Materials with Non Linear Properties in the Ca3(VO4)2‐Pb3(VO4)2 System.
Authors: DIOURI M. , DRACHE M. , THOMAS D.
Published: May 2016

The Ca3‐xPbx(VO4)2 system exhibits two ranges of solid solutions as indicated by the results of thermal analysis, XRD and dielectric measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Gas Chromatographic Studies of the Thermal Decomposition of 12‐Molybdophoshoric Acid and Its Salts in the Solid State
Authors: WANG J. Y. , XIN X. Q. , JIN T. Z.
Published: May 2016

on the basis of temp. programmed reduction with H2 are reported (cations: K+, Ca2+, Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, NH4+, Cu2+, and Ag+).
ChemInform Abstract: Physicochemical Characterization of ZnO/Al2O3 and ZnO‐MoO3/Al2O3 Catalysts
Authors: MAEZAWA A. , OKAMOTO Y. , IMANAKA T.
Published: May 2016

by XPS, XRD, AES, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and TPR techniques with emphasis on the depth distribution of Zn2+ in the surface layer of Al2O3.
ChemInform Abstract: The Layered Phosphatoantimonic Acid H3Sb3P2O14·xH2O
Authors: PIFFARD Y. , VERBAERE A. , LACHGAR A. , DENIARD‐COURANT S. , TOURNOUX M.
Published: May 2016

has been obtained from K3Sb3P2O14 by ion exchange in acidic medium.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Crystal Structures of Hg3(NbF5)2SO4 (I), Hg3(TaF5)2SO4 (II), and Hg4(Ta2F11)2 (III).
Authors: BROWN I. D. , GILLESPIE R. J. , MORGAN K. R. , SAWYER J. F. , SCHMIDT K. J. , TUN Z. , UMMAT P. K. , VEKRIS J. E.
Published: May 2016

(I) and the isostructural (II) are obtained as minor products during the reactions of Hg with SO2 solutions of Hg(MF6)2 (M: Nb, Ta) (20 °C, 2 months, yields not given).
ChemInform Abstract: σ and π Interactions of the Carbonyl Ligand Determined from Single‐Crystal Polarized Electronic Spectroscopy and Ligand Field Theory.
Authors: CHANG T.‐H. , ZINK J. I.
Published: May 2016

CO is shown to be a very strong π acceptor ligand and a better σ donor ligand than Cl‐ and about equal to ethylene.
ChemInform Abstract: Ab initio Theoretical Studies of Dihydrogen Coordination vs. Oxidative Addition of H2 to Five‐Coordinate Tungsten Complexes.
Authors: HAY P. J.
Published: May 2016

The η2‐dihydrogen and dihydride forms of d6 ML5‐H2 complexes are investigated for the specific cases of H2 bound to W(CO)3(PR3)2 and W(PR3)5 fragments using ab initio electronic wave functions and relativistic effective core potentials.
ChemInform Abstract: Fundamental Studies of the Chemisorption of Organosulfur Compounds on Au(111). Implications for Molecular Self‐Assembly on Gold Surfaces.
Authors: NUZZO R. G. , ZEGARSKI B. R. , DUBOIS L. H.
Published: May 2016

In contrast to methanethiol (molecular adsorption) the formation of a stable surface thiolate is observed from dimethyl disulfide under UHV conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Modeling Chemical Reactivity. Part 4. Regiochemistry and Stereochemistry of Electrophilic Additions to Allylic Double Bonds.
Authors: KAHN S. D. , PAU C. F. , CHAMBERLIN A. R. , HEHRE W. J.
Published: May 2016

A detailed analysis of the three factors which influence regio‐ and stereoselectivity of electrophilic additions to chiral allylic double bonds is provided.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Dichlorocarbene with Allyl and Cinnamyl Alcohol.
Authors: MOLCHANOV A. P. , KOSTIKOV R. R.
Published: May 2016

Alkenols may undergo reactions with dichlorocarbene at the carbon‐carbon double bond or at the alcohol function or both reactions may occur at the same time.
ChemInform Abstract: Small and Medium Rings. Part 61. An Experimental Approach to the C8H10 Hypersurface. Kinetic and Thermochemical Investigations on a Formally Forbidden Ground‐State (2σ + 2π) Cycloaddition.
Authors: HASSENRUECK K. + , MARTIN H.‐D. , MAYER B. , URBANEK T. , ZIRWES T. , WALSH R. , BECKHAUS H.‐D.
Published: May 2016

The C8H10 hydrocarbons (I), (III), (IV), and (VII) are thermolyzed in a static system and the Arrhenius parameters are obtained.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydride Transfer in the Oxidation of Alcohols by ((bpy)2(py)Ru(O))2+. A kH/kD Kinetic Isotope Effect of 50.
Authors: ROECKER L. , MEYER T. J.
Published: May 2016

The reactions are first order in both alcohol and monooxo complex and the rate constants increase in the given order, being almost unaffected by the p‐substituents in (Id).
ChemInform Abstract: Studies of Unsaturated Compounds. Part 15. Liquid‐Phase Low‐Temperature Chlorination of 2‐Chloro‐ and 2,3‐Dichlorobut‐2‐enes in the Presence of Ferric Chloride.
Authors: KAPLANYAN E. E. , MKRTCHYAN A. M. , VOSKANYAN E. S.
Published: May 2016

The chlorination of trans‐ or cis‐2,3‐dichlorobut‐2‐ene (I) or (VI) and of 2‐chlorobut‐2‐ene (VII) in the absence of FeCl3 affords the alkenes (II) or (VIII), which result from "anomalous" substitutions, along with the alkanes (V) or (IX).
ChemInform Abstract: Antiviral Agents. Part 30. (Haloanilino)ethenetricarbonitriles. Herbicides. Part 8. Chlorinated and Brominated Anilinoethenetricarbonitriles.
Authors: KREUTZBERGER A. , DAUS S.
Published: May 2016

Reaction of tetracyanoethylene (I) with the haloanilines (II) produces the substitution products (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of N‐Aryl(alkyl)sulfonyl‐2‐aryl(alkyl)sulfonamido‐1,4‐benzoquinone‐4‐imines with Hydrogen Chloride.
Authors: AVDEENKO A. P. , EVGRAFOVA N. I. , MISHCHENKO A. I. , BELAMBRI NUR URIDA BELAMBRI NUR URIDA
Published: May 2016

Nucleophilic addition of HCl to the title compounds (I) yields the 2‐chlorophenols (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of 6H‐6‐Oxoanthra(1,9‐cd)isoxazoles with Alkylphenyl Ethers and Dimethylaniline.
Authors: GORNOSTAEV L. M. , ES'KIN A. P. , EL'TSOV A. V.
Published: May 2016

The reactions between the anthra(1,9‐cd)isoxazoles (I) or (V) and the phenyalkyl ethers (II) or N,N‐dimethylaniline are studied for the first time.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Pyrene. Part 26. Ambivalent Behavior of 5‐Amino Substituted 1,6‐Pyrenequinone in Nucleophilic Addition Reactions.
Authors: SHIGALEVSKII V. A. , CHESNOVSKII V. S. , GERASIMENKO YU. E.
Published: May 2016

The reaction between 5‐amino‐1,6‐pyrenequinone (I) and phthalic anhydride (II) affords the adduct (III), which is dehydrated to give the 5‐phthalimido derivative (IV) on prolonged heating in (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Sulfenylation of Tin(II) Enolates of Ketones and 3‐Acyl‐2oxazolidones. Application to the Synthesis of Optically Active Epoxides.
Authors: YURA T. , IWASAWA N. , CLARK R. , MUKAIYAMA T.
Published: May 2016

The carbonyl compounds (I) react with the phenylsulfenyl derivatives (II) in the presence of tin(II) triflate and the chiral diamine (III), producing the α‐thiophenyl derivatives (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Alkyl‐ and Phenyl‐Substituted 2‐Halo‐4‐halomethyl‐2‐buten‐4‐olides.
Authors: TYVORSKII V. I. , TISHCHENKO I. G. , SUBOCH V. P. , KUKHAREV A. S.
Published: May 2016

Treatment of the diepoxides (I) or the monoepoxides (III) ‐ the latter are obtained by the reaction of (Ia) with HCl or HBr ‐ with HCl or HBr in DMF affords the title compounds (II) and (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloadditions. Part 92. Reactions of Aliphatic Diazo Compounds with Fourfold Acceptor‐Substituted Ethylenes.
Authors: HUISGEN R. , EICHENAUER U. , LANGHALS E. , MITRA A. , MORAN J. R.
Published: May 2016

The reaction of tetracyanoethylene (Ia) with diazomethane (II) leads to the pyrazoline (III); the previously reported isomer (V) cannot be isolated although being present in a small quantity in the equilibrium with (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1‐Substituted 1,2,3,9a‐Tetrahydro‐9H‐imidazo(1,2‐a)indol‐ 2‐ones.
Authors: SHACHKUS A. A. , DEGUTIS YU. A.
Published: May 2016

The reaction of 2,3,3‐trimethylindole (I) with the N‐substituted chloroacetic amides (II) gives the quaternary indolium salts (III) which are converted to the tetrahydroimidazoindolones (IV) and the corresponding 2‐methylene‐2,3‐dihydroindoles (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Enantiomerically Pure Building Blocks from Sugars. Part 4. A Convergent Total Synthesis of (‐)‐Anamarine from D‐Glucose.
Authors: LICHTENTHALER F. W. , LORENZ K. , MA W.
Published: May 2016

The synthesis of the title compound (‐)‐(VIII) from the glucal (I) proceeds via the lactone (IV) and the phosphonium salt (V) which is coupled with the aldehyde (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Xanthene Derivatives with Expected Antischistosomal Activity.
Authors: ZEID I. , EL‐KOUSY S. , EL‐TORGOMAN A. M. , ISMAIL A. H.
Published: May 2016

The compound (Ia), readily available in 50% yield from xanthene and NBS, is used as key material for the preparation of the products (IIa), (IIb), (IIIa) and (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Antiradiation Compounds. Part 20. 1‐Methylquinolinium(and pyridinium)‐ 2‐dithioacetic Acid Derivatives.
Authors: FOYE W. O. , JONES R. W. , GHOSHAL P. K. , ALMASSIAN B.
Published: May 2016

1,2‐Dimethylpyridinium iodide (I) is transformed into the bis(methylthio)vinyl derivative (III) which can also be obtained from the picoline (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Furan Derivatives. Part 216. Synthesis and Reactions of Furo(3,2‐c)pyridine Derivatives.
Authors: KORENOVA A. , KRUTOSIKOVA A. , KOVAC J. , CELEC S.
Published: May 2016

The azide (I) is converted to the furopyridinone (III) which is used as key compound for the synthesis of the condensed heterocycles (VI) and (IX).
ChemInform Abstract: Photoinduced and Thermally Induced Rearrangements in a Thianthrenium Salt System.
Authors: SAEVA F. D.
Published: May 2016

Photolysis of the p‐cyanobenzyltrianthrenium salt (I) yields a mixture of the rearranged products (II) and (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Stereochemical Studies. Part 124. A New Aspect of the Leuckart Reaction: Synthesis of 1‐Methyl and/or 3‐Hydroxymethyl‐1,3‐heterocycles.
Authors: FUELOEP F. + , PIHLAJA K. , MATTINEN J. , BERNATH G.
Published: May 2016

The α‐amino or α‐hydroxycyclohexyl carboxamides (I) and (IV) are cyclized under Leuckart conditions, producing the heterocycles (II), (III), or (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Functionally Substituted Vinyl Carbanions. Part 32. Synthesis of 1,2‐Oxaborole Betaines.
Authors: BARUA N. C. , EVERTZ K. , HUTTNER G. , SCHMIDT R. R.
Published: May 2016

Reaction of β‐lithiated functionally substituted acrylate derivatives such as (I) with triethylborane (II) affords the corresponding 1,2‐oxaborole betaines.
ChemInform Abstract: Low Coordinated Phosphorus Compounds. Part 55. Cope Rearrangement of 1,3‐Diphospha‐1,5‐hexadienes.
Authors: APPEL R. , KOCHTA J. , KNOCH F.
Published: May 2016

The chlorophosphane (II) reacts with the Grignard reagent (Ia) to give the diene (III) as a mixture of (R,R/S,S)‐ and (R,S/S,R)‐diastereomers.
ChemInform Abstract: Dioxygen Activation by Group 4 tritox Alkyls (tritox: t‐Bu3CO‐): Insertion and Oxygen Atom Transfer.
Authors: LUBBEN T. V. , WOLCZANSKI P. T.
Published: May 2016

Dioxygen treatment of the compounds (I) or (IV) affords the insertion products (II), and (III) (space group C2/m with Z=2) or (V), depending on the stoichiometry.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Biologically Active Organosilicon and Organotin Complexes of Phenylglycyl Hydrazones.
Authors: AMINABHAVI T. M. , BIRADAR N. S. , PATIL S. B. , HOFFMAN D. E. , BIRADAR V. N.
Published: May 2016

The complexes (I) are prepared by mixing equimolar quantities of ligand with either Me2SiCl2 or Ph2SnCl2 in dry benzene (no yields given) and characterized by elemental analysis, conductivity measurements, IR and 1H NMR spectral data.
ChemInform Abstract: 2,3‐Dimethyl‐1‐ethyl‐1,2,3‐aluminadicarbadodecaborane: A Versatile Carbollyl Transfer Reagent.
Authors: JUTZI P. , GALOW P.
Published: May 2016

The o‐dicarborane (I) is converted to the title compound (IV) by reaction with triethyl aluminum (II) and subsequent heating.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure, and Spectroscopic Properties of Early Transition Metal η2‐Iminoacyl Complexes Containing Aryl Oxide Ligation.
Authors: CHAMBERLAIN L. R. , DURFEE L. D. , FANWICK P. E. , KOBRIGER L. , LATESKY S. L. , MCMULLEN A. K. , ROTHWELL I. P. , FOLTING K. , HUFFMAN J. C. , STREIB W. E. , WANG R.
Published: May 2016

η2‐Iminoacyl complexes of Ti, Zr, Hf, and Ta have been synthesized by the migratory insertion of organic isocyanides into the metal‐alkyl bonds of a series of mixed alkyl‐aryloxy compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: EPR Study of the Cr(V) and Radical Species Produced in the Reduction of Cr(VI) by Ascorbate.
Authors: GOODGAME D. M. L. , JOY A. M.
Published: May 2016

The interaction between K2Cr2O7 and the ascorbate ion in aqueous solution at pH 7‐8.5 in unbuffered and buffered solution produces relatively long‐lived Cr(V) species.
ChemInform Abstract: Polynuclear Metal Complexes with Bridging Carbene or Carbyne Ligands. Part 49. Synthesis of Mixed‐Metal Complexes with Bonds Between Cr, Mo or W and Co, Rh, Ir or Re; Crystal Structure of (CrReRh2(μ3‐CC6H4Me‐4)(μ‐CO)(CO)9(η‐C9H7)2).
Authors: ABAD J. A. , DELGADO E. , GARCIA M. E. , GROSSE‐OPHOFF M. J. , HART I. J. , JEFFERY J. C. , SIMMONS M. S. , STONE F. G. A.
Published: May 2016

Reactions of the heterobinuclear carbyne complexes (I) with fragments of low‐valent Rh or Co complexes to produce multinuclear clusters are investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Polynuclear Metal Complexes with Bridging Carbene or Carbyne Ligands. Part 50. Synthesis and Crystal Structures of the Complexes (RuW3(μ‐CO)(μ3‐η‐CO)(μ‐CPh)2(μ3‐CPh)(CO)2(η‐C5H5)3) and (RuW3(μ‐CO)(μ3‐η‐CO)(μ‐C(Ph)C(O))(μ‐CPh)(μ3‐CPh)(CO)(PMePh2)# (η‐C5H5)3).
Authors: FARRUGIA L. J. , JEFFERY J. C. , MARSDEN C. , SHERWOOD P. , STONE F. G. A.
Published: May 2016

The 3:1 molar reaction of the alkylidyne‐W complexes (I) with the Ru(0) complexes (II) leads to a chromatographically separable mixture of the cluster compounds (III) and (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation of Hydrazine and Methyl‐Substituted Hydrazines by the Cyano Complexes of Iron(III), Molybdenum(V), and Tungsten(V). A Kinetic Study.
Authors: DENNIS C. R. , VAN WYK A. J. , BASSON S. S. , LEIPOLDT J. G.
Published: May 2016

Electron‐transfer between N2H4, MeNH‐NH2, MeNH‐NHMe and (Fe(CN)6)3‐ and (M(CN)8)3‐ (M: Mo, W) in aqueous solution proceeds via an outer‐sphere mechanism.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of Photoactive Complexes. Electronic Spectra, Electrochemistry, and SCF‐Xα‐DV Calculations for Bis(phosphine)palladium Oxalate and Dithiooxalate Complexes. Crystal and Molecular Structures of (Dithiooxalato‐S,S′)bis(trimethylphosphine)palladium(II) and (1,1‐Dithiooxalato‐S,S′)bis(μ3‐sulfido)‐2,2,3,3‐tetrakis(trimethylphosphine)# ‐triangulo‐tripalladium(II).
Authors: COWAN R. L. , POURREAU D. B. , RHEINGOLD A. L. , GEIB S. J. , TROGLER W. C.
Published: May 2016

The dithiooxalate complexes (II) are prepared as shown.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Metal Complexes of Antimalarial Drugs and in vitro Evaluation of Their Activity Against Plasmodium falciparum.
Authors: WASI N. , SINGH H. B. , GAJANANA A. , RAICHOWDHARY A. N.
Published: May 2016

The two well known antimalarials amodiaquine and primaquine react with corresponding metal salts in stoichiometric ratio to afford the 1:1 amodiaquine metal complexes (I) and the 2:1 or 3:1 primaquine complexes (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of a Hexoseptanose by Unusual Rearrangements of a Furanoid Glycal.
Authors: CSUK R. , GLAENZER B. I. + , FUERSTNER A. + , WEIDMANN H. , FORMACEK V.
Published: May 2016

Treatment of the tosylate (I) with potassium tert‐butoxide generates the glycal (II) which rearranges on prolonged reaction to give the anti‐Bredt product (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Optical and Spectromagnetical Properties of Phosphate Glasses Containing Ruthenium and Titanium Ions.
Authors: PIZZINI S. , NARDUCCI D. , DAVERIO D. , MARI C. M. , MORAZZONI F. , GERVASINI A.
Published: May 2016

In order to study the influence of transition metal oxides on the electronic properties of TiO2‐ and RuO2‐based phosphate glasses, the optical and structural properties of Ru(III) and Ti(III) in these glasses are investigated by ESR and UV and visible absorption techniques.
A Special Font for People with Dyslexia: Does it Work and, if so, why?
Authors: Marinus Eva , Mostard Michelle , Segers Eliane , Schubert Teresa M. , Madelaine Alison , Wheldall Kevin
Published: May 2016

In 2008 Christian Boer, a Dutch artist, developed a special font (“Dyslexie”) to facilitate reading in children and adults with dyslexia. The font has received a lot of media attention worldwide (e.g., TheGuardian.com, Slate.com, TheAtlantic.com, USA Today, and io9.com). Interestingly, there is barely any empirical evidence for the efficacy of Dyslexie. This study aims to examine if Dyslexie is indeed more effective than a commonly used sans serif font (Arial) and, if so, whether this can be explained by its relatively large spacing settings. Participants were 39 low‐progress readers who were learning to read in English. They were asked to read four different texts in four different font conditions that were all matched on letter display size (i.e., x‐height), but differed in the degree to which they were matched for spacing settings. Results showed that low‐progress readers performed better (i.e., read 7% more words per minute) in Dyslexie font than in standardly spaced Arial font. However, when within‐word spacing and between‐word spacing of Arial font was matched to that of Dyslexie font, the difference in reading speed was no longer significant. We concluded that the efficacy of Dyslexie font is not because of its specially designed letter shapes, but because of its particular spacing settings. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High quality, good health: The case for olive oil
Authors: Bernardini Elena , Visioli Francesco
Published: May 2016

The healthful properties of olives and their main derivatives are being actively investigated. In this review, we briefly appraise and descriptively review the most recent evidence on the purported correlations between olive oil consumption and health, and we provide some bibliometric analyses that show how fast the field of “olive components and health” is indeed moving. Based on accumulated findings, we expect olive oil (and related products) research to further grow in the next few years, when more olive‐derived nutraceuticals and functional foods will enter the market and when targeted basic mechanism research will further clarify the manifold mechanisms of action of olive (poly)phenols.

Practical applications:

Our findings underscore the need to produce and consume high quality olive oil, whose “minor components” are endowed with heathful properties.

The use of high‐quality extra‐virgin olive oil activates a virtuous cycle by which consumers become more aware of their health and of the influence of proper diet on it. This translates into a better overall diet and, in turn, better prognosis.
Influence of deodorization temperature on formation of tocopherol esters and fatty acids polymers in vegetable oil
Authors: Kreps František , Kyselka Jan , Burčová Zuzana , Schmidt Štefan , Rajchl Aleš , Filip Vladimír , Ház Aleš , Jablonský Michal , Sládková Alexandra , Šurina Igor
Published: May 2016

The paper describes laboratory deodorization of rapeseed oil (Ro), model sunflower (SoM), and model rapeseed (RoM) oils, its effect on the tocopherol content and the kinetics of tocopherol degradation. We now present a novel approach to analysis of alpha‐tocopherol degradation product as well as kinetic study esters of alpha‐tocopherol with fatty acids and alpha‐tocopheryl quinones. Alpha‐tocopherol esters were found to be the principal products of tocopherols degradation in high temperature experiment. A laboratory deodorization, lasting 2 h caused formation of 70–128 mg/kg of alpha‐tocopherol esters in model oils and 25 mg/kg of alpha‐tocopherol esters in rapeseed oil without modification. The commercially available sunflower and rapeseed oils contained 3–12 mg/kg of alpha‐tocopherol esters. The alpha‐tocopherol esters are formed at higher rate than alpha‐tocopheryl quinone, which was unstable at high deodorization temperature. Tocopherols took no part in non‐radical thermal reactions, taking place in second high‐temperature experiments with oxygen‐free atmosphere. We proved by DART TOF‐MS the formation of polymeric fatty acids via Diels–Alder reaction taking place in heated oils.

Practical applications: Although an extensive research have been conducted in the area of high‐temperature degradation of tocopherols, this is the first report on formation of fatty acids esters of tocopherols during oil deodorization. The proof of their presence in deodorized oils, deodorization condensates, deep‐fried foods, and oils constitutes a breakthrough. We ingested them as yet unknowingly. Their degradation is not nearly as fast as that of tocopherol itself or its oxidation products. In the course of their hydrolysis in stomach tocopheryls of fatty acids could thus become the source of unoxidized tocopoherols.

We found out that during laboratory deodorization of vegetable oils were formed esters of tocopherols with fatty acids. During heating of oils are free fatty acids the acid catalyst of esterification.
Inflammatory biomarkers and risk of cancer in 84,000 individuals from the general population
Authors: Allin Kristine H. , Bojesen Stig E. , Nordestgaard Børge G.
Published: May 2016

Inflammation and cancer are tightly linked. This study tests the hypothesis that an inflammatory score based on plasma levels of C‐reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen and whole blood leukocyte count is associated with risk of colorectal, lung, breast and prostate cancer. A score ranging from none through three elevated biomarkers was constructed in 84,000 individuals from the Danish general population. During a median follow‐up time of 4.8 years, 4,081 incident cancers occurred. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of incident cancer. Multifactor‐adjusted HRs for colorectal cancer were 1.28 (95% CI, 1.01 to 1.62), 1.79 (95% CI, 1.41 to 2.27) and 2.18 (95% CI, 1.67 to 2.86) for individuals with elevated levels of one, two and three inflammatory biomarkers compared to individuals with none elevated biomarkers. A similar stepwise increasing risk was observed for lung and breast cancer with HRs of 3.03 (95% CI, 2.25 to 4.08) and 1.42 (95% CI, 1.11 to 1.80) for three versus none elevated biomarkers. HRs were highest within the first years of follow‐up. Absolute 5‐year risk of lung cancer was 7.8 (95% CI, 6.1 to 10)% among older smokers with three elevated biomarkers compared to 3.8 (95% CI, 2.6 to 5.6)% among those with none elevated biomarkers. In conclusion, simultaneously elevated CRP, fibrinogen and leukocyte count are associated with an increased risk of colorectal, lung and breast cancer. Cancer as a promoter of inflammation may be more likely to account for our findings than low‐grade inflammation promoting cancer development.
CLOCK promotes 3T3‐L1 cell proliferation via Wnt signaling
Authors: Zhu Zhu , Hua Bingxuan , Xu Lirong , Yuan Gongsheng , Li Ermin , Li Xiaobo , Sun Ning , Yan Zuoqin , Lu Chao , Qian Ruizhe
Published: May 2016

Circadian genes control most of the physiological functions including cell cycle. Cell proliferation is a critical factor in the differentiation of progenitor cells. However, the role of Clock gene in the regulation of cell cycle via wingless‐type (Wnt) pathway and the relationship between Clock and adipogenesis are unclear. We found that the circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (Clock) regulated the proliferation and the adipogenesis of 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes. We found that Clock attenuation inhibited the viability of 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes in the cell counting kit 8. The expression of c‐Myc and Cyclin D1 decreased dramatically in 3T3‐L1 when Clock was silenced with short interfering RNA and was also decreased in fat tissue and adipose tissue‐derived stem cells of ClockΔ19 mice. Clock directly controls the expression of the components of Wnt signal transduction pathway, which was verified by serum shock, chromatin immunoprecipitation, Western blot, and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). Furthermore, IWR‐1, a Wnt signal pathway inhibitor, inhibited the cell cycle promotion by CLOCK, which was detected by cell viability assay, flow cytometry, and qRT‐PCR. Therefore, CLOCK transcription control of Wnt signaling promotes cell cycle progression in 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes. Clock inhibited the adipogenesis on day 2 in 3T3‐L1 cells via Oil Red O staining and qRT‐PCR detection and probably related to cellular differentiation. These data provide evidence that the circadian gene Clock regulates the proliferation of preadipocytes and affects adipogenesis. © 2016 IUBMB Life, 68(7):557–568, 2016
Selective binding of estrogen receptor α to ubiquitin chains
Authors: Pesiri Valeria , Di Muzio Elena , Polticelli Fabio , Acconcia Filippo
Published: May 2016

Ubiquitin (Ub)‐binding domains (UBDs) noncovalently contact the Ub modification on binding partners. Ub possesses seven lysine (K) residues (i.e., K6, K11, K27, K29, K33, K48, and K63) that can be used to form different chains based on different Ub linkage types (e.g., monoubiquitination/polyubiquitination). Thus, different Ub‐based signals exist and are decoded by UBDs. Recently, we have reported the existence of two Ub binding surfaces located within the estrogen receptor α (ERα) protein. We have shown that the leucine (L) 429 and alanine (A) 430 ERα residues direct noncovalent receptor binding to K63‐based Ub chains in vitro. However, mutation of L429 and A430 residues did not completely abolish the ability of ERα to associate with Ub in cell lines. Thus, we evaluated the possibility that one or both ERα Ub binding surfaces could non‐covalently interact with other Ub chains. Here, we report that ERα selectively binds to specific Ub chains based on different Ub linkages and that ERα monoubiquitination requires non‐covalent ERα:Ub binding. Considering the importance of the UBD:Ub interaction in the initiation and progression of many diseases (e.g., cancer), our data provide novel insights into ERα functions that could be relevant to ERα‐related diseases. © 2016 IUBMB Life, 68(7):569–577, 2016
Iminophosphoranes in Heterocyclic Synthesis: A Facile Synthesis of Pyrido[4,3‐D]Pyrimidine and Pyrido[4,3‐D][1,3]Oxazine Derivatives via Intermolecular aza‐Wittig Reactions
Authors: Omran Omran A. , Sayed Samia M. , Raslan Mohamed A.
Published: May 2016

A novel series of pyrido[4,3‐d]pyrimidine and pyrido[4,3‐d][1,3]oxazine derivatives were synthesized via tandem aza‐Wittig and annulation reactions with the corresponding iminophosphoranes, aromatic isocyanate, and amines. All newly synthesized compounds were elucidated by considering the data of both elemental and spectral analysis.
ESI‐MS/MS of expanded porphyrins: a look into their structure and aromaticity
Authors: Ramos Catarina IV , Figueira Flávio , Polêto Marcelo D , Amado Francisco ML , Verli Hugo , Tomé João PC , Neves M Graça PMS
Published: May 2016

Electrospray mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry was used to investigate the gas‐phase properties of protonated expanded porphyrins, in order to correlate those with their structure and conformation. We have selected five expanded meso‐pentafluorophenyl porphyrins, respectively, a pair of oxidized/reduced fused pentaphyrins (22 and 24 π electrons), a pair of oxidized/reduced regular hexaphyrins (26 and 28 π electrons) and a regular doubly N‐fused hexaphyrin (28 π electrons).

The gas‐phase behavior of the protonated species of oxidized and reduced expanded porphyrins is different. The oxidized species (aromatic Hückel systems) fragment more extensively, mainly by the loss of two HF molecules. The reduced species (Möbius aromatic or Möbius‐like aromatic systems) fragment less than their oxidized counterparts because of their increased flexibility. The protonated regular doubly fused hexaphyrin (non‐aromatic Hückel system) shows the least fragmentation even at higher collision energies.

In general, cyclization through losses of HF molecules decreases from the aromatic Hückel systems to Möbius aromatic or Möbius‐like aromatic systems to non‐aromatic Hückel systems and is related to an increase in conformational distortion. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microwave plasma torch mass spectrometry for the direct detection of copper and molybdenum ions in aqueous liquids
Authors: Xiong Xiaohong , Jiang Tao , Zhou Runzhi , Wang Shangxian , Zou Wei , Zhu Zhiqiang
Published: May 2016

Microwave plasma torch (MPT) is a simple and low power‐consumption ambient ion source. And the MPT Mass spectra of many metal elements usually exhibit some novel features different from their inductively coupled plasma (ICP) mass spectra, which may be helpful for metal element analysis. Here, we presented the results about the MPT mass spectra of copper and molybdenum elements by a linear ion trap mass spectrometer (LTQ). The generated copper or molybdenum contained ions in plasma were characterized further in collision‐induced dissociated (CID) experiments. These researches built a novel, direct and sensitive method for the direct analysis of trace levels of copper and molybdenum in aqueous liquids. Quantitative results showed that the limit of detection (LOD) by using MS2 procedure was estimated to be 0.265 µg/l (ppb) for copper and 0.497 µg/l for molybdenum. The linear dynamics ranges cover at least 2 orders of magnitude and the analysis of a single aqueous sample can be completed in 5–6 min with a reasonable semi‐quantitative sense. Two practical aqueous samples, milk and urine, were also analyzed qualitatively with reasonable recovery rates and RSD. These experimental data demonstrated that the MPT MS is able to turn into a promising and hopeful tool in field analysis of copper and molybdenum ions in water and some aqueous media, and can be applied in many fields, such as environmental controlling, hydrogeology, and water quality inspection. Moreover, MPT MS could also be used as the supplement of ICP‐MS for the rapid and in‐situ analysis of metal ions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Human resource management systems and work attitudes: The mediating role of future time perspective
Authors: Korff Jörg , Biemann Torsten , Voelpel Sven C.
Published: May 2016

This paper examines the role of employees' future time perspective (FTP) in the association between human resource management (HRM) systems and work‐related attitudes. Drawing on social exchange theory, signaling theory, and affective events theory, we hypothesize HRM systems' indirect effects on individual‐level job satisfaction and affective organizational commitment as mediated by FTP. The results of this multilevel study, comprising 913 employees of 76 business units, provide evidence that HRM systems have (i) direct effects on employees' FTP and (ii) indirect effects on job satisfaction and organizational commitment via FTP. In addition, three HRM bundles' (i.e., knowledge, skills, and abilities enhancing; motivation enhancing; and opportunity enhancing) corresponding indirect effects are explored. We discuss the results, theoretical contributions, and practical implications of the study, as well as future research directions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The dynamic state of the ionome in roots, nodules, and shoots of soybean under different nitrogen status and at different growth stages
Authors: Chu Qingnan , Watanabe Toshihiro , Shinano Takuro , Nakamura Takuji , Oka Norikuni , Osaki Mitsuru , Sha Zhimin
Published: May 2016

The relative distribution of 22 mineral elements in the roots, nodules and shoots of the soybean (Glycine maxL. Merr. cv. Tsurumusume) at R1 (beginning of the flowering stage) and R7 (beginning of the mature stage) was investigated in response to ammonium and manure N treatment. Plants receiving only atmospheric nitrogen served as the negative control. The addition of ammonium sulfate to the soil caused soil acidification, induced Al and Mn toxicities, and significantly reduced the biomass production in roots and nodules. Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn concentrations were significantly higher in shoots, and those of Mo and Co higher in nodules. The addition of manure to the soil significantly enhanced the levels of Sr, Ba, Cr, and Cd in shoots, whereas the concentration of Cs was decreased at R7. Moreover, when the soybean developed from R1 to R7, the levels of essential elements in nodules decreased, whereas those of nonessential elements increased, irrespective of the nitrogen source. Furthermore, the variation in the concentrations of many elements was not consistent for nodules and roots when soybean developed from R1 to R7. The variation of Mn, Zn, B, and Al concentrations was independent of N treatments. However, Ca, Fe, Cu, Mo, and Se levels were affected strongly by N treatments. This study is the first to document the dynamic variation of the soybean ionome in nodules, roots, and shoots from vegetative to reproductive stage of soybean.
‘To Adopt or not to Adopt?’ Legume Adoption in Maize‐Based Systems of Northern Thailand: Constraints and Potentials
Authors: Yap Von Yi , de Neergaard Andreas , Bruun Thilde Bech
Published: May 2016

A considerable growth in the maize (Zea mays L.) sector in Southeast Asia has resulted in a rapid expansion and intensification of maize monoculture on sloping uplands. This practice entailed the heavy use of fertilisers, leading to environmental degradation and farmers' indebtedness. Intercropping of legumes with maize could complement or replace fertiliser inputs; however legume adoption by smallholder maize farmers remains low. This study investigates the constraints and potentials to integrate legumes in maize‐based cropping systems in such environments. A comparative study between maize monocropping and maize/legume relay cropping was carried out in two villages of Thailand, using surveys, participatory rural appraisal (PRA) tools and interviews. The results demonstrated that both cropping systems were equally profitable, although the maize yield in maize/legume relay cropping was lower than that in monocropping. Low selling price was the most cited reason by the non‐adopters for not introducing legumes. Selling price of legume grains, ease of harvesting, marketability and ease of growing were the four main criteria that determined the adopters' choice of legume species. Among the cultivated legumes, ricebean (Vigna umbellata L.) best fulfilled the criteria for the choice of legume species. Establishing maize/legume relay cropping as an alternative to maize monocropping under rainfed conditions can decrease risks, due to reduced expenses for farm inputs and similar economic returns. This study generated useful information for agricultural policy makers and development practitioners in identifying the barriers and facilitating factors that influence farmers' decision to adopt legumes and the conditions that shape the farmers' decision‐making environment. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Determination of Calcium in Natural Waters1
Authors: CARPENTER JAMES H.
Published: May 2016

A procedure for the determination of calcium in natural waters is presented which is faster, more precise, and more accurate than those previously described. Photometric weight titration with ethylenediamine‐tetraacetate ion in the presence of ammonium purpurate is employed following isolation of the calcium by ion‐exchange chromatography. Calcium is separated from magnesium and strontium by the use of acetylacetone as a complexing elutant.

Samples of sea water from the Bahamas region were examined by this procedure, and good agreement was found with reported values determined by the classical triple oxalate procedure. The calcium content is one per cent higher than that which would be expected from the accepted calcium‐chlorinity ratio. In addition, samples from the Chesapeake Bay indicate that the sea water source for this region has a greater calcium content than would be expected from the accepted calcium‐chlorinity ratio for sea water.
Potassium Concentrations in Fertilized Trout Lakes1
Authors: BARRETT PAUL H.
Published: May 2016

A series of experiments was performed on a group of six Michigan trout lakes to determine if biological productivity could be increased by the application of commercial fertilizers to the lakes. Measurements of potassium concentrations in the lakes before and after fertilization indicated that the potassium went into solution in proportion to the amounts of fertilizer added and gradually subsided from epilimnial waters while increasing in hypolimnial waters. Residual effects of fertilization on increased potassium concentrations in both epilimnial and hypolimnial waters were evident for nearly one year following fertilization. Bottom muds showed no marked increases in adsorbed potassium following fertilization. Adsorptive capacities of muds consisting primarily of inorganic materials were considerably greater than organic muds. Intensive phytoplankton blooms occurred following fertilization, but the potassium in the fertilizer probably did not contribute to the blooms because the amounts of potassium put into the lakes were only a small fraction of naturally occurring amounts already present in the lake waters.
High Botulinum Toxin‐Neutralizing Antibody Prevalence Under Long‐Term Cervical Dystonia Treatment
Authors: Hefter Harald , Rosenthal Dietmar , Moll Marek
Published: May 2016

Background

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of neutralizing antibodies in a large cohort of long‐term treated patients with cervical dystonia (CD) still responding to repetitive injections with botulinum toxin (BoNT).

Methods

Consecutively recruited CD patients (n = 221) under long‐term BoNT treatment (≥2–21 years) underwent a clinical examination at the same time blood samples were taken for neutralizing antibody determination. Collected data included demographics, mean dose of the last 10 botulinum injections, treatment duration, Tsui score for CD severity, and patients' subjective impression of treatment effect. Blood samples were screened for antibody presence by ELISA; positive samples were further analyzed by mouse hemidiaphragm test. The two laboratories performing antibody testing were blinded to the coded samples.

Results

Antibody status could be determined for 212 patients; 39 (18.4%) were ELISA positive and 31 (14.6%) additionally positive in the mouse hemidiaphragm test. Patients with positive neutralizing antibody titers had significantly higher Tsui scores and were treated for a significantly longer time with significantly higher doses. There were no differences between male and female patients and between onabotulinumtoxinA‐ and abobotulinumtoxinA‐treated patients. When BoNT preparations had been switched during the last 10 injections, a significantly higher proportion of neutralizing antibody‐positive patients was detected.

Conclusions

Neutralizing antibody prevalence in long‐term treated, still responding CD patients is substantially higher than suggested by follow‐up studies with a shorter time frame. It should therefore be emphasized that antigenicity of BoTN preparations is still a relevant problem and should be taken into account in long‐term treatment decisions.
Identification of impaired fasting glucose, healthcare utilization and progression to diabetes in the UK using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD)
Authors: Hong Jin‐Liern , McNeill Ann Marie , He Jinghua , Chen Yong , Brodovicz Kimberly G.
Published: May 2016

Purpose

Few studies have examined patients with prediabetes in usual, “real‐world” clinical practice settings. Among patients with impaired fasting glucose (IFG), we aimed to describe the rates of progression to diabetes and to examine the long‐term reduction in diabetes risk associated with regression to normoglycemia at 1 year.

Methods

The UK‐based study included 120 055 non‐diabetic patients in Clinical Practice Research Datalink from 2001 to 2012 aged 25+ years and with ≥1 fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test between ≥6.1 and <7.0 mmol/l indicating IFG who were followed for progression to diabetes. In a subgroup of 45 167 patients with IFG with subsequent FPG results 1 year later, we assessed the 1‐year glycemic status change and estimated the relative hazard of diabetes comparing patients with regression to normoglycemia (IFG–normoglycemia) to those who remained in IFG (IFG–IFG) using a multivariable Cox model.

Results

Among patients with IFG with over 414 649 person‐years of follow‐up, 52% received a subsequent FPG test, and 10% developed diabetes within 1 year after recognition of IFG. The incidence rate of diabetes was 5.86 (95% CI: 5.78 to 5.93) per 100 person‐years. In the subgroup analysis, 31% of these patients remained in IFG, while 53% and 16% converted to normoglycemia or diabetes, respectively. The adjusted hazard ratio of developing diabetes was 0.33 (95% CI: 0.31 to 0.35) comparing IFG–normoglycemia to IFG–IFG.

Conclusions

IFG is a high‐risk state for diabetes. Regression to normoglycemia from IFG strongly reduces the long‐term risk of developing diabetes. Our study also shows the feasibility of identifying patients with IFG in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Human aqueous humor proteome in cataract, glaucoma, and pseudoexfoliation syndrome
Authors: Kliuchnikova Anna A. , Samokhina Nadezhda I. , Ilina Irina Y. , Karpov Dmitry S. , Pyatnitskiy Mikhail A. , Kuznetsova Ksenia G. , Toropygin Ilya Y. , Kochergin Sergey A. , Alekseev Igor B. , Zgoda Victor G. , Archakov Alexander I. , Moshkovskii Sergei A.
Published: May 2016

Twenty‐nine human aqueous humor samples from patients with eye diseases such as cataract and glaucoma with and without pseudoexfoliation syndrome were characterized by LC–high resolution MS analysis. In total, 269 protein groups were identified with 1% false discovery rate including 32 groups that were not reported previously for this biological fluid. Since the samples were analyzed individually, but not pooled, 36 proteins were identified in all samples, comprising the constitutive proteome of the fluid. The most dominant molecular function of aqueous humor proteins as determined by GO analysis is endopeptidase inhibitor activity. Label‐free protein quantification showed no significant difference between glaucoma and cataract aqueous humor proteomes. At the same time, we found decrease in the level of apolipoprotein D as a marker of the pseudoexfoliation syndrome. The data are available from ProteomeXchange repository (PXD002623).
Revealing oxidative damage to enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in yeast: An integration of 2D DIGE, quantitative proteomics, and bioinformatics
Authors: Boone Cory H. T. , Grove Ryan A. , Adamcova Dana , Braga Camila P. , Adamec Jiri
Published: May 2016

Clinical usage of lidocaine, a pro‐oxidant has been linked with severe, mostly neurological complications. The mechanism(s) causing these complications is independent of the blockade of voltage‐gated sodium channels. The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae lacks voltage‐gated sodium channels, thus provides an ideal system to investigate lidocaine‐induced protein and pathway alterations. Whole‐proteome alterations leading to these complications have not been identified. To address this, S. cerevisiae was grown to stationary phase and exposed to an LC50 dose of lidocaine. The differential proteomes of lidocaine treatment and control were resolved 6 h post exposure using 2D DIGE. Amine reactive dyes and carbonyl reactive dyes were used to assess protein abundance and protein oxidation, respectively. Quantitative analysis of these dyes (⩾ 1.5‐fold alteration, p ⩽ 0.05) revealed a total of 33 proteoforms identified by MS differing in abundance and/or oxidation upon lidocaine exposure. Network analysis showed enrichment of apoptotic proteins and cell wall maintenance proteins, while the abundance of proteins central to carbohydrate metabolism, such as triosephosphate isomerase and glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase, and redox proteins superoxide dismutase and peroxiredoxin were significantly decreased. Enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism, such as phosphoglycerate kinase and enolase, the TCA cycle enzyme aconitase, and multiple ATP synthase subunits were found to be oxidatively modified. Also, the activity of aconitase was found to be decreased. Overall, these data suggest that toxic doses of lidocaine induce significant disruption of glycolytic pathways, energy production, and redox balance, potentially leading to cell malfunction and death.
Nanoenvironmental effect in AOT reverse micelles on the triplet excited state properties of flavins and quenching by molecular oxygen
Authors: Valle Lorena , Morán Vieyra Faustino E. , Borsarelli Claudio D.
Published: May 2016

The triplet quantum yield (ΦT) and lifetime (τT) of the lowest excited triplet state of the flavins (3F*), for example, lumiflavin, riboflavin, flavin mononucleotide, and flavin adenine dinucleotide were determined by laser‐flash photolysis experiments in Aerosol‐OT reverse micelles (AOT RM) dispersed in n‐hexane as function of the amount of water dissolved w0 = [H2O]/[AOT]. The energy‐transfer quenching of 3F* by triplet molecular oxygen 3O2 to produce singlet molecular oxygen (1O2) was also evaluated by applying a simple pseudophase model for the 3O2 partition between the organic solvent and the AOT RM. The quantum yield of 1O2 generation by the flavins was also calculated. The results are discussed as a function of the nanoenvironmental changes produced in the constrained aqueous interior of the AOT RM as the amount of dispersed water increases. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Will Market Research Have a Future?
Authors: Olivier Lex , van Hamersveld Mario
Published: May 2016

Let's look at the landscape
Technology for seniors
Authors: Sinha Kunal
Published: May 2016

Much of the enthusiasm around the Internet of Things (IoT) centres around youth and young families. However, I would like to posit that it is senior citizens who stand to gain hugely from connected devices, in their home and outside it.