bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Autonomous Resonance‐Tuning Mechanism for Environmental Adaptive Energy Harvesting
Authors: Lee Dong‐Gyu , Shin Joonchul , Kim Hyun Soo , Hur Sunghoon , Sun Shuailing , Jang Ji‐Soo , Chang Sangmi , Jung Inki , Nahm Sahn , Kang Heemin , Kang Chong‐Yun , Kim Sangtae , Baik Jeong Min , Yoo Il‐Ryeol , Cho Kyung‐Hoon , Song Hyun‐Cheol
Published: November 2022

An innovative autonomous resonance‐tuning (ART) energy harvester is reported that utilizes adaptive clamping systems driven by intrinsic mechanical mechanisms without outsourcing additional energy. The adaptive clamping system modulates the natural frequency of the harvester's main beam (MB) by adjusting the clamping position of the MB. The pulling force induced by the resonance vibration of the tuning beam (TB) provides the driving force for operating the adaptive clamp. The ART mechanism is possible by matching the natural frequencies of the TB and clamped MB. Detailed evaluations are conducted on the optimization of the adaptive clamp tolerance and TB design to increase the pulling force. The energy harvester exhibits an ultrawide resonance bandwidth of over 30 Hz in the commonly accessible low vibration frequency range (<100 Hz) owing to the ART function. The practical feasibility is demonstrated by evaluating the ART performance under both frequency and acceleration‐variant conditions and powering a location tracking sensor.
Biofloc and green water condition improves reproductive traits and fatty acid composition of Artemia franciscana cultured under limited algal conditions
Authors: Ogello Erick O. , Outa Nicholas O. , Mukaburu Bramwel O. , Muthoka Mavindu
Published: November 2022

This study investigated the effect of biofloc and green water conditions on the survival, growth, reproductive traits, and fatty acid composition of the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana. Artemia was cultured in glass jars using three replicated treatments, that is, Control (7.0 × 106 cells ml−1 of freshly cultured Tetraselmis tetrathele), green water technology—GWT (control + 0.5 g/L of chicken manure extract [CME]) and biofloc technology—BFT (GWT + molasses). Artemia cysts were hatched and batch cultured in a 1‐L glass jar containing 500 ml of natural seawater, stocked at 2 nauplii/ml. In the first 2 days, Artemia was fed with fresh T. tetrathele for conditioning, after which each treatment was applied daily until the end of the experiment. Artemia cultures were maintained at 28.0 ± 1°C using an electrically heated water bath system with constant aeration and light (2000 lux) for 30 days. There was higher Artemia survival in BFT (91.3 ± 3.2%) cultures than GWT (78.1 ± 2.9%) and Control (66.8 ± 1.3%). Female pre‐reproductive period (days) was longer (25 ± 0.5) in control than in GWT (21.8 ± 0.7) and BFT (19.6 ± 0.6), while reproductive period (days) was longer in BFT (20.9 ± 2.6) than GWT (16.4 ± 2.3) and Control (12.8 ± 1.9). Total broods per female per day were higher in BFT (4.3 ± 0.3) than in GWT (3.5 ± 0.2) and Control (2.5 ± 0.3). BFT enhanced the ovoviviparous reproduction cycle with higher total offspring per female (73.5 ± 6.1) than GWT (66.2 ± 7.9) and Control (42.6 ± 12.1). BFT‐cultured Artemia had higher concentrations of myristic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, linoleic acid, and arachidic acid. Better Artemia reproductive and nutritive traits in BFT conditions could have been enhanced by the combination of nutritious biofloc and algal materials. BFT and CME promise a major leap towards developing a nutritionally rich diet for Artemia.
Observer‐based event‐triggered H‐infinity sliding control of Markovian jump system suffer from actuator attacks
Authors: Jiang Baoping , Liu Dongyu , Karimi Hamid Reza , Li Bo
Published: November 2022

This article investigates the issue of observer‐based
sliding mode control for Markovian jump systems suffer from actuator attacks through an adaptive technique. During the communication channel from the plant output to estimator, a dynamic event‐triggered generator is employed in enhancing communication efficiency. Taking consideration of malicious attacks on the plant actuator, an adaptive compensator is put forward for security purposes. By designing a state observer, the desired sliding mode dynamics can be derived based on an integral‐type sliding surface. Further, maintaining the sliding motion with uncertain mode information is ensured in finite time by proposing a feasible sliding mode control law. In addition, both stochastic stability and
performance conditions are established for closed‐loop systems in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, a numerical example is offered to illustrate the validity of the constructed strategy.
Forschung und Freizeit: Karl von Frischs Aufenthalt in Neapel 1911**
Authors: Hoffmann Christoph
Published: November 2022

In March 1911, Karl von Frisch visited the Zoological Station in Naples for the first time. During his stay, Frisch, who had just received his doctorate, was studying the color adaptation of marine fish. At the same time, as diary notes show, he also completed an extensive tourist program. Frisch was not alone in this; many scientists combined their time in Naples with excursions and other pleasures. Usually these activities are labelled—in Frisch's words—as „diversion“ and „relaxation“ from the activities in the laboratory. Expanding this point, I will examine the various relationships between labour, recreation, research, and tourism based on Frisch's notes during his stay in Naples. Finally, I will take a look at the financial side of Frisch's stay in Naples.
Inflammatory geriatric nutritional risk index stratified the survival of older adults with cancer sarcopenia
Authors: Ruan Guo‐Tian , Xie Hai‐Lun , Zhang He‐Yang , Zhang Qi , Zhang Xi , Ge Yi‐Zhong , Hu Chun‐Lei , Tang Meng , Song Meng‐Meng , Zhang Xiao‐Wei , Yang Ming , Yu Kai‐Ying , Gong Yi‐Zhen , Deng Li , Shi Han‐Ping
Published: November 2022

Background

Aging is accompanied by muscle loss. In older adults with cancer sarcopenia (OACS), systemic inflammation, reduced food intake, and reduced physical activity led to a poor prognosis. This study was to investigate the prognostic ability of the inflammatory Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI), which combines patient's inflammation, diet status, and physical activity status to predict overall survival of OACS.

Methods

This prospective multi‐center study enrolled 637 OACS, with an average age of 72.78 ± 5.98 years, of which 408 (64.1%) were males. We constructed the Inflammatory Functional Prognostic Index (IFPI) of OACS based on inflammatory GNRI scores, reduced food intake, and reduced physical activity. According to the IFPI, OACS was divided into high‐, moderate‐, and low‐risk groups. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses analyzed the prognostic ability of the clinical parameters.

Results

Compared with OACS with a high GNRI score, the 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) of OACS with a low GNRI score was 1.816 (1.076–3.063), 1.678 (1.118–2.518), and 1.627 (1.101–2.407), respectively. This result was consistent with that of the calibration curve. The subgroup analysis showed that the low GNRI score had a significant positive relation with patients with gastrointestinal cancer (Pinteraction < 0.001). Notably, the survival analysis of IFPI showed that the mortality risk of moderate‐ and high‐risk patients was 1.722‐and 2.509‐fold higher, respectively, than that of low‐risk patients.

Conclusion

The GNRI score was a short‐term and long‐term inflammatory prognostic indicator for OACS. The IFPI score could improve patient survival prediction.
An online randomised controlled trial of prognosticating imminent death in advanced cancer patients: Clinicians give greater weight to advice from a prognostic algorithm than from another clinician with a different profession
Authors: Bruun Andrea , White Nicola , Oostendorp Linda , Vickerstaff Victoria , Harris Adam J. L. , Tomlinson Christopher , Bloch Steven , Stone Patrick
Published: November 2022

Background

A second opinion or a prognostic algorithm may increase prognostic accuracy. This study assessed the level to which clinicians integrate advice perceived to be coming from another clinician or a prognostic algorithm into their prognostic estimates, and how participant characteristics and nature of advice received affect this.

Methods

An online double‐blind randomised controlled trial was conducted. Palliative doctors, nurses and other types of healthcare professionals were randomised into study arms differing by perceived source of advice (algorithm or another clinician). In fact, the advice was the same in both arms (emanating from the PiPS‐B14 prognostic model). Each participant reviewed five patient summaries. For each summary, participants: (1) provided an initial probability estimate of two‐week survival (0% ‘certain death’—100% ‘certain survival’); (2) received advice (another estimate); (3) provided a final estimate. Weight of Advice (WOA) was calculated for each summary (0 ‘100% advice discounting’ – 1 ‘0% discounting’) and multilevel linear regression analyses were conducted.

Clinical trial registration number: NCT04568629.

Results

A total of 283 clinicians were included in the analysis. Clinicians integrated advice from the algorithm more than advice from another clinician (WOA difference = −0.12 [95% CI ‐0.18, −0.07], p < 0.001). There was no interaction between study arm and participant profession, years of palliative care or overall experience. Advice of intermediate strength (75%) was given a lower WOA (0.31) than advice received at either the 50% (WOA 0.40) or 90% level (WOA 0.43). The overall interaction between strength of advice and study arm on WOA was significant (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Clinicians adjusted their prognostic estimates more when advice was perceived to come from a prognostic algorithm than from another clinician. Research is needed to understand how clinicians make prognostic decisions and how algorithms are used in clinical practice.
An intensive perinatal mentalisation‐based intervention for women at risk of child removal and the role of restorative relationships
Authors: Jondec Ana Fernandez , Barlow Jane
Published: November 2022

Pregnant women with a history of child removal are at greater risk of being found unsuitable to care for their new babies. Neglect, showing a lack of capacity to provide for the child's physical and/or emotional needs, is the most frequent reason why infants are removed from their parents' care. Parents with a history of child removal have often been themselves subject to maltreatment as children and suffer the sequelae of relational trauma which then becomes a barrier to establishing nurturing relationships with their own children. Attachment, and particularly mentalisation‐based, parenting interventions focus on restoring relationships by developing parents' capacity to reflect upon their own internal mental experiences as well as those of the child, helping them to better understand themselves and their children. The DAISY programme is an intensive perinatal attachment and mentalisation‐based intervention for pregnant women with a history of child removal, aiming to improve mothers' mentalising capacities and care proceeding outcomes. This article uses a case study to describe the programme's model and mechanisms of change. Additionally, we present preliminary observations about the programme's delivery and impact from the perspective of one of its practitioners.
Online shopping orientations of Latino millennial generational cohorts
Authors: Johnson Olivia , Cho Hyojung , Patwary Sarif
Published: November 2022

Latino consumers in the United States reached a collective buying power of nearly $1.72 trillion in 2020 with over 22% between the ages of 18 and 37, and 80% of the population on the internet. Although Latino Millennials represent a significant consumer group in the United States, scarce literature has examined their online shopping orientations. Furthermore, despite having indications that Millennials are not a homogenous consumer group, and differ in their shopping preferences, studies fell short in examining the online shopping orientations of the Millennial subgroup. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the shopping orientations of Latino consumers by segmenting the Millennial generation into three groups: younger Millennial (18–23), middle Millennial (24–30), and older Millennial (31–37). The study administered a web‐based questionnaire survey to a convenience sample of 378 participants. A one‐way multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was conducted, and findings revealed that shopping orientations of Latino consumers differ significantly based on Millennial generational cohorts (MGCs) and ethnicity. Among Latino MGCs, younger Millennials were more brand‐and fashion‐conscious, impulsive, and confused by over choice. Furthermore, Latino Millennials were more brand conscious than Caucasian Millennials. Therefore, companies and marketers that target Latino Millennial consumers should create shopping experiences that meet the needs of the different generational cohorts.
Novel Thioether‐Bridged 2,6‐Disubstituted and 2,5,6‐Trisubstituted Imidazothiadiazole Analogues: Synthesis, Antiproliferative Activity, ADME, and Molecular Docking Studies
Authors: Ozcan Ibrahim , Akkoc Senem , Alici Hakan , Capanlar Seval , Sahin Onur , Tahtaci Hakan
Published: November 2022

In this study, starting from 2‐amino‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole derivatives (3–5), a new series of 2,6‐disubstituted (compounds 7–15) and 2,5,6‐trisubstituted (compounds 16–33) imidazo[2,1‐b][1,3,4]‐thiadiazole derivatives were synthesized using cyclization and Mannich reaction mechanisms, respectively. All synthesized compounds were characterized by 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, FT‐IR, elemental analysis, and mass spectroscopy techniques. Also, X‐ray diffraction analysis were used for compounds 4, 7, 11, 17, and 19. The cytotoxic effects of the new compounds on the viability of colon cancer cells (DLD‐1), lung cancer cells (A549), and liver cancer cells (HepG2) were investigated using the 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method in vitro. Compound 15 was found to be the most potent anticancer drug candidate in this series with an IC50 value of 3.63 μM against HepG2 for 48 h. Moreover, the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) parameters of the synthesized compounds were calculated and thus, their potential to be safe drugs was evaluated. Finally, to support the biological activity experiments, molecular docking studies of these compounds were carried out on three different target cancer protein structures (PDB IDs: 5ETY, 1M17, and 3GCW), and the amino acids that play key roles in the binding of the compounds to these proteins were determined.
Peripheral arterial disease and multisite atherosclerosis in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Piccolo Raffaele , Esposito Giovanni
Published: November 2022

Key Points

Atherosclerosis is a systemic disease and frequently coronary artery disease is intertwined with peripheral arterial disease (PAD).

This large study showed that PAD and its extension (multisite atherosclerosis) negatively affects the risk of in‐hospital mortality in patients with coronary artery disease undergoing PCI.

PAD status and its extension in the principal vascular territories should be carefully assessed during hospitalization for coronary revascularization and should be regarded as important risk factors.
Intervention for aortic stenosis complicated by shock: Focus on the ventricle
Authors: Rizik David G. , Goldstein James A.
Published: November 2022

Key Points

TAVR effective in CS, but mortality still high and outcomes determined by non‐procedural factors

AS with intact LV ejection fraction rarely induces CS: Must delineate non‐valvular hemodynamic compromise factors

“Primary” TAVR strategy preferable, with BAV reserved as “Bridge” to Definitive Decision
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention of bifurcation lesions: The proof is in the pudding!
Authors: Seth Ashok , Ezhumalai Babu
Published: November 2022

Key Points

Provisional stenting strategy is the most common technique for treatment of bifurcation lesion in the ‘real world' patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.

The technical success appears to be lower in provisional stent strategy compared to upfront two stent strategy due to worsening of the ostial side branch lesions after main branch stenting; following wire recrossing and side branch dilation/stent implantation stenting leads to equivalent procedural success and in hospital outcomes.

Side branch access after main branch stenting is technically challenging and an algorithmic approach helps to achieve procedural success.
“The Hunterian approach: Cordis Smart Stent safe and effective, but what about its use in long or severely calcified chronically occluded lesions… Let's get it done the first time”
Authors: Heuser Richard R.
Published: November 2022

Key Points

The Smart stent has been “battle‐hardened” with years of experience to treat femoropopliteal lesions.

Many patients with femoropopliteal lesions require multiple interventions.

Are there any therapies that can be performed for long‐term success for longer femoral lesions?
Merging N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Organocatalysis with Hydrogen Atom Transfer Strategy
Authors: Li Qing‐Zhu , Kou Xin‐Xin , Qi Ting , Li Jun‐Long
Published: November 2022

Radical N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) organocatalysis has progressed significantly in recent years, enabling various incredible transformations. However, prefunctionalized substrates bearing a redox functionality were always required. As a result, the direct functionalization of aliphatic C−H bonds in simple substrates remains a challenge. This situation was changed once the hydrogen transfer atom (HAT) strategy was successfully applied in radical NHC catalysis very recently. This concept paper focused on the discussion of merging NHC catalysis with a classical intramolecular 1,5‐HAT process. Moreover, the unprecedented application of intermolecular HAT in radical NHC catalysis is highlighted as a novel catalysis model showing great synthetic promise.
Targeting cytokines and potentiality of JAK–STAT inhibition in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Aung Wah Wah , Hamaguchi Yasuhito , Matsushita Takashi
Published: November 2022

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) or scleroderma is an autoimmune disease of unknown etiology, the treatment of which has garnered increased research interest. Associated symptoms range from localized or diffused skin tightening to multiple organ failure, including the lungs, kidneys, heart, and gastrointestinal tract, with considerable morbidity and mortality. Given that several cytokines contribute to the immune pathogenesis of SSc, efforts have been made toward the development of treatments targeting these cytokines to control disease progression. Indeed, anti‐cytokine therapy has emerged as a new therapeutic intervention. Recently, the Janus kinase signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK–STAT) pathway has been investigated as a novel candidate for the fibrogenic pathology of SSc. However, a comprehensive scientific review of the targeted therapy for SSc has been hampered by the rarity and heterogeneous nature of the disease. In this review, we provide an overview of cytokines involved in the innate and adaptive immune pathogenesis of SSc based on recent scientific data. In particular, we focus on targeted anti‐cytokine therapy and the emerging role of the JAK–STAT inhibitor, a prospective therapeutic agent for the reversal of disease pathogenesis.
Deep learning enabled cross‐lingual search with metaheuristic web based query optimization model for multi‐document summarization
Authors: Gangathimmappa Mahesh , Subramani Neelakandan , Sambath Velmurugan , Ramanujam Rengaraj Alias Muralidharan , Sammeta Naresh , Marimuthu Maheswari
Published: November 2022

Due to the exponential increase in the generation of digital documents and in the online search user diversity, multilingual information is highly available on the Internet. However, the huge amount of multilingual data cannot be analyzed manually. Therefore, cross lingual multi‐document summarization (CLMDS) model is introduced to generate a summary of several documents in which the summary language is different from the source document language. This paper presents a Deep Learning Enabled Cross‐lingual Search with Metaheuristic based Query Optimization (DLCLS‐MQO) model for Multi‐document summarization. The DLCLS‐MQO model allows to offer a query in Tamil, summarize several English documents, and lastly translate the summary into Tamil. The DLCLS‐MQO model encompasses four stages of operation such as multilingual search, query optimization, automatic sematic lexicon builder, and document summarization. Firstly, bidirectional long short‐term memory (BiLSTM) model is applied to perform multilingual searching process. Followed by, sunflower optimization (SFO) algorithm based query optimization process is carried out. Moreover, global vectors (GloVe) method is used for the construction of domain oriented sentiment lexicons. Finally, extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) model is applied for the CLMDS. A detailed simulation analysis takes place to highlight the betterment of the DLCLS‐MQO model. The resultant experimental values portrayed the superior performance of the DLCLS‐MQO model over the compared methods.
9,9‐Bis[4‐(N‐aryl)phenyl]methylidene‐xanthylidene Derivatives Displaying Mechano‐, Crystallo‐, and Thermochromism
Authors: Oda Kasane , Nishiyama Hiroki , Nishida Jun‐Ichi , Kawase Takeshi
Published: November 2022

Tetraphenylethylene (TPE) derivatives bearing a xanthene moiety are of interest because they have novel optical properties. 9,9‐Bis[4‐(N,N‐diphenylamino)phenyl] and 9,9‐bis[4‐(9‐carbazolyl)‐phenyl]methylidene‐xanthylidenes3and4were synthesized using Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling of 9,9‐dibromomethylidene‐xanthylidene with the corresponding boronic acids. Diphenylamino derivative3exhibits mechanochromism and mechanofluorochromism (MC and MFC) reflected in absorption and fluorescence color changes. In contrast, carbazolyl derivative4displays thermo‐ and crystallo‐chromism in addition to MC and MFC in the solid state. Powder X‐ray diffraction and single crystal X‐ray crystallographic analysis reveal that the solid state photophysical properties of these substances are governed by conformational changes rather by the creation of planar π‐conjugation extended geometries.
Synthesis, Cellular Uptake, and Photodynamic Activity of Oligogalactosyl Zinc(II) Phthalocyanines
Authors: Xiong Junlong , Xue Evelyn Y. , Ng Dennis K. P.
Published: November 2022

Invited for this month′s cover is the group of Prof. Dennis K. P. Ng at The Chinese University of Hong Kong. The cover picture shows the selective internalization of molecules of a di‐galactosyl zinc(II) phthalocyanine into a cancer cell. Upon light irradiation, these molecules are excited and interact with the endogenous oxygen to generate highly reactive singlet oxygen, which oxidatively damages the cellular components, leading to cell death eventually. More information can be found in the Research Article by Dennis K. P. Ng, and co‐workers.
Classification of plant growth‐promoting bacteria inoculation status and prediction of growth‐related traits in tropical maize using hyperspectral image and genomic data
Authors: Yassue Rafael Massahiro , Galli Giovanni , Fritsche‐Neto Roberto , Morota Gota
Published: November 2022

Recent technological advances in high‐throughput phenotyping have created new opportunities for the prediction of complex traits. In particular, phenomic prediction using hyperspectral reflectance could capture various signals that affect phenotypes genomic prediction might not explain. A total of 360 inbred maize (Zea mays L.) lines with or without plant growth‐promoting bacterial inoculation management under nitrogen stress were evaluated using 150 spectral wavelengths ranging from 386 to 1,021 nm and 13,826 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms. Six prediction models were explored to assess the predictive ability of hyperspectral and genomic data for inoculation status and plant growth‐related traits. The best models for hyperspectral prediction were partial least squares and automated machine learning. The Bayesian ridge regression and BayesB were the best performers for genomic prediction. Overall, hyperspectral prediction showed greater predictive ability for shoot dry mass and stalk diameter, whereas genomic prediction was better for plant height. The prediction models that simultaneously accommodated both hyperspectral and genomic data resulted in a predictive ability as high as that of phenomics or genomics alone. Our results highlight the usefulness of hyperspectral‐based phenotyping for management and phenomic prediction studies.
Towards a robust test to detect gene doping for anabolic enhancement in human athletes
Authors: Baoutina Anna , Bhat Somanath , Li Desmond K. , Emslie Kerry R.
Published: November 2022

Success in gene therapy in treating human disease makes this technology attractive to enhance athletic performance, creating the need for gene doping detection. In 2021, World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA) approved the first gene doping test. Here, we describe a new method to detect doping with four additional genes, follistatin, growth hormone 1, growth hormone–releasing hormone and insulin‐like growth factor 1, that may improve performance by increasing muscle size and strength. The method utilises four hydrolysis probe‐based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays that target the transgenes based on the coding sequence of the four endogenous genes. The assays are specific, reproducible and capable to detect five copies of transgene in the presence of very similar endogenous gene in 25,000 times excess. To underpin reliable and comparable routine method performance by doping testing laboratories, a synthetic reference material for the method was designed and generated following the ISO Guide 35. The complete method was validated in blood samples using plasma as extraction matrix and QIAamp DNA blood midi DNA extraction kit. All blood samples from different donors (n = 8) simulated to be negative or positive (1500 transgene copies spiked per millilitre of blood) for the transgenes were reported correctly. The new method that targets four additional genes will extend the capabilities of laboratories involved in doping control to protect athletes' health, fairness and equality.
A simple approach to analysing trace metals in aerosols produced by e‐cigarettes
Authors: Haworth‐Duff Adam , Parkes Gareth M. B. , Reed Natasha J.
Published: November 2022

Electronic cigarettes are a relatively new alternative to cigarettes, which have been marketed as being safer for users than conventional cigarettes. However, they may still result in inhalation of potentially toxic or carcinogenic substances, including metals produced by the heating element. This study looked at the levels of trace metals being produced by different atomizers used in e‐cigarettes using a sample introduction technique based on the collection of aerosols produced by e‐cigarettes in nitric acid, using glass midget impingers. Collected metals were then identified using an inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometer (ICP‐MS), which allowed detection in the low ppb range. Results obtained showed considerable variation in the levels of metals between both manufacturers of atomizers and also between different batches of coils. This variation is likely to be even greater if the ability of users to customise some types of e‐cigarettes is considered. Although there are limitations in terms of possible interferences from other metallic components in the e‐cigarettes, the findings suggest the proposed method could be of use in investigating the risk of inhalation of toxic metals from e‐cigarette use.
New insight: particle flow rate from the airways as an indicator of cardiac failure in the intensive care unit
Authors: Lindstedt Sandra , Hyllen Snejana
Published: November 2022

Aims

Exhaled breath particles have been explored for diagnosing different lung diseases. We recently showed in an experimental model that different cardiac output results in different particle flow rate (PFR) from the airways. Given the well‐known close relationship between impaired cardiac function and respiratory failure, we hypothesized that PFR in exhaled air can be used to detect cardiac failure.

Methods

PFR was analysed using a customized PExA device. Particles in the range of 0.41–4.55 μm were measured. The included patients (n = 20) underwent cardiac surgery and received mechanical ventilation as a part of routine post‐operative care. Ten patients with clinical signs of pronounced post‐operative haemodynamic instability and need for inotrope or mechanical support had been selected to the cardiac failure group. The control group consisted of 10 patients without signs of cardiac failure.

Results

The patients in cardiac failure group required inotropic support in the form of dobutamine (9/10), epinephrine (2/10), or levosimendan (4/10) or use of an intra‐aortic balloon pump (4/10). There was no use of inotropes or mechanical support devices among the controls. All patients in the cardiac failure group had pre‐operative left ventricular ejection fraction ≤40% compared with the control group, whose pre‐operative ejection fraction was ≥50%, P < 0.001. Patients with cardiac failure had significantly longer median total time in mechanical ventilation compared with the patients in the control group: 53.5 h (IQR 6.8–116101.0 h) and 4.5 h (IQR 4.0–5.5 h), respectively, P < 0.001, and the median length of stay in the ICU, 165 h (IQR 28–192 h) and 22 h (IQR 20–23.5 h), respectively, P = 0.007. Median PFR in patients with cardiac failure was higher than PFR in those with normal cardiac function: 80.9 particles/min (interquartile range (IQR) 25.8–336.6 particles/min), vs. 15.3 particles/min (IQR 8.1–17.7 particles/min), respectively, P < 0.001. Median particle mass was 8.95 ng (IQR 1.68–41.73 ng) in the cardiac failure group and 0.75 ng (IQR 0.18–1.45 ng) in the control group, P = 0.002.

Conclusions

Patients with post‐operative cardiac failure following cardiac surgery exhibited an increase in exhaled particle mass and PFR compared with the control group, indicating a significant difference between those two groups. The increase in particle mass and PFR in the absence of respiratory pathologies may indicate cardiac failure. In comparison with controls, impaired cardiac function was also associated with different composition of the particles regarding their size distribution.
Phosphorescent and Test Strips Detection Properties of ClO− Probes Based on Iridium(III) Complexes with Pivaloyl Unit as Recognition Site
Authors: Xu Sha , Fan Congbin , Wu Caixin , Zhang Daobin , Pu Shouzhi
Published: November 2022

Three green phosphorescent Iridium(III) complex‐based probes with different ligands (Cl− (Ir‐1), NCS− (Ir‐2) and NCO− (Ir‐3)) had been developed to detect hypochlorite (ClO−) using pivaloyl group as recognition site. The introduction of strong field ligand NCS and NCO caused an increase of quantum yields and phosphorescent lifetime both in solid and solution states. All the three probes could selectively and rapidly detect ClO− through the changes in UV‐visible and phosphorescence spectra. Upon addition of ClO− to the solution of probes, green phosphorescent color of probes displayed obvious quench. Meanwhile, using a portable UV lamp, test strips which were pre‐immersed with the above‐mentioned probes could achieve easy detection of ClO−. The sensing process was confirmed by NMR, IR and ESI‐MS.
Odorless, Transition‐Metal‐Free N‐Sulfenylation of Sulfoximines with Thiosulfonates under Mild Conditions
Authors: Kang Xiaokang , Wang Helin , Zeng Qingle
Published: November 2022

N‐Sulfenylation of sulfoximines with thiosulfonates under mild conditions was disclosed. By our method, a series of aliphatic and aromatic N‐sulfenyl sulfoximines were synthesized with good to excellent yields in the absence of transition metals. The applicability of this method was demonstrated by gram scale experiments.
Parallelizing the cryo‐EM structure determination in THUNDER using GPU cluster
Authors: Wang Zhao , Ruan Huabin , Yang Guangwen , Li Xueming
Published: November 2022

Electron cryo‐microscopy (cryo‐EM) is a powerful tool utilized by biologists for understanding the mysteries of life. However, obtaining high‐resolution 3D reconstructions from innumerable noisy images of macromolecules is an extremely complicated task, involving massive image analysis and calculation on a computing cluster. Although extensive efforts have been made for improving the computational efficiency, methods for completely utilizing the computing resources are still challenging for modern cryo‐EM programs. Here, we designed a new computing approach specialized for GPU to optimize and maximize the computing power of a single GPU, multiple GPU, and the GPU cluster, highlighted by a well‐designed cache structure and mixed computing precision of single‐precision and double‐precision. Our approaches achieved remarkable improvement in performance and linear scalability. At an identical cost of the hardware, three‐fold more speed‐up was achieved. The average parallel efficiency can increase up to 84% when multiple GPU configurations are parallelized.
Performance and Stability Improvement of Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells by Interface Modification of Charge Transport Layers Using an Azulene–Pyridine Molecule
Authors: Tzoganakis Nikolaos , Feng Boxu , Loizos Michalis , Chatzimanolis Konstantinos , Krassas Miron , Tsikritzis Dimitris , Zhuang Xiaodong , Kymakis Emmanuel
Published: November 2022

Herein, an azulene–pyridine molecule (AzPy) is implemented in inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) for increasing the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and the stability of the devices. The first goal is achieved by depositing a thin layer of AzPy on top of the hole charge transport layer (HTL). The surface engineering of HTL with AzPy improves the perovskite layer formation, thus increasing light absorption and reducing bulk nonradiative recombination while protecting the perovskite from degradation species from the HTL. This approach increases the mean PCE by approximately 6%. The second goal of improving the stability of the devices is mainly achieved by replacing the hydrophilic bathocuproine (BCP) with the more hydrophobic AzPy. By the development of an AzPy layer over the electron transport layer (ETL), the stability of the PSCs is increased under ambient conditions and thermal or light stress, without affecting the PCE. The two proposed interface engineering approaches are both implemented in the device in conjunction with the perovskite surface treatment with n‐hexylammonium bromide, resulting in devices that deliver a PCE of 20.42% and increased thermal and light stability, thus retaining 90% of their initial PCE for more than 1200 h under ambient conditions.
Deep neural network‐based regional seismic loss assessment considering correlation between EDP residuals of building structures
Authors: Kang Chulyoung , Kim Taeyong , Kwon Oh‐Sung , Song Junho
Published: November 2022

Regional seismic loss assessment is essential for developing an emergency response plan in the event of an earthquake, which can reduce casualties and socioeconomic losses in an urban community. The uncertainties and correlations of structures’ engineering demand parameters (EDP) should be adequately considered to evaluate the community‐level seismic risk. Recently, the authors proposed an incremental dynamic analysis‐based method and regression‐based models to estimate the variances and correlations of residuals in EDP termed “EDP residuals.” The quantified uncertainties of the EDP residuals facilitate the accurate evaluation of the regional seismic performance. Still, the computational cost required in the estimation process makes its application a challenge. This study proposes two frameworks for regional seismic loss assessment based on deep neural networks (DNNs) to extend the applicability of EDP residual estimation and improve its accuracy. The first framework estimates the EDP residuals of buildings by combining the EDP residuals of various single‐degree‐of‐freedom (SDOF) systems through the modal combination rules. Three DNN models are constructed to predict the EDP residuals of SDOF systems. The second framework predicts the EDP residuals of buildings directly using two DNN models. The proposed frameworks are verified by numerical examples of regional seismic loss assessment, for which time history‐based “exact” solutions exist. The supporting source code, data, and trained models are available for download at https://github.com/TyongKim/EDP_residual.

Highlights

The importance of considering EDP residual correlation in seismic system reliability analysis is demonstrated.

Two DNN‐based frameworks are developed to estimate EDP residuals of building structures.

Modal combination rule is employed to utilize EDP residuals of SDOF systems representing structural modes.

DNN models are constructed to predict EDP residuals of SDOF and MDOF systems.

Accuracy and applicability of DNN‐based frameworks are successfully demonstrated by example of regional seismic loss assessment.
Excessive consumption of the sugar rich longan fruit promoted the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via mediating gut dysbiosis
Authors: Wu Xu , Huang Huimin , Li Mingxing , Wang Yi , Wu Xiaoxiao , Wang Qin , Shen Jing , Xiao Zhangang , Zhao Yueshui , Du Fukuan , Chen Yu , Yang Yifei , Zhao Qianyun , Zeng Jiuping , He Yisheng , Xiao Jianbo
Published: November 2022

Controversy exists as toward the association of excessive fruits intake and certain disease risks. Longan is an edible fruit rich in high levels of fructose, glucose and sucrose. Herein, the effect of longan fruit on the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was investigated. Longan extracts at the doses of 4.0 g/kg, 8.0, and 16.0 g/kg were orally administered for 4 weeks to healthy C57BL/6J mice or to C57BL/6J mice fed with a HFD diet. In mice fed with a normal diet, repeated longan intake for 4 weeks at excess doses (8 or 16 g/kg), but not the normal dose (4 g/kg), promoted inflammation and gut dysbiosis‐like status and reduced short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production. In high‐fat diet (HFD)‐fed mice, longan intake at 4 g/kg hardly influenced the NAFLD development. In contrast, excess longan intake (8 or 16 g/kg) promoted NAFLD pathogenesis, including increased abnormality in hepatic indices, elevated inflammation, and gut permeability associated with more severe liver steatosis and fibrosis. Moreover, the exacerbated pathogenic markers were positively correlated with increased blood sugar, aggravated HFD‐associated microbial dysbiosis. Effects mediated by excess longan intake resembled that of equivalent free sugars supplementation, suggesting that high level of free sugars in fruits contributed to the promotion of NAFLD development as demonstrated in case of excessive longan intake.
Expanding the molecular spectrum of gene fusions in endometrial stromal sarcoma: Novel subunits of the chromatin remodeling complexes PRC2 and NuA4/TIP60 as alternative fusion partners
Authors: Dermawan Josephine K. , Dashti Nooshin , Chiang Sarah , Turashvili Gulisa , Dickson Brendan C. , Ellenson Lora H. , Kirchner Martina , Stenzinger Albrecht , Mechtersheimer Gunhild , Agaimy Abbas , Antonescu Cristina R.
Published: November 2022

Endometrial stromal sarcomas (ESS) are morphologically and molecularly heterogeneous. We report novel gene fusions (EPC1::EED, EPC1::EZH2, ING3::PHF1) identified by targeted RNA sequencing in five cases. The ING3::PHF1‐fusion positive ESS presented in a 58‐year‐old female as extrauterine mesocolonic, ovarian masses, and displayed large, monomorphic ovoid‐to‐epithelioid cells arranged in solid sheets. The patient remained alive with disease 13 months after surgery. The three ESS with EPC1::EED occurred in the uterine corpus in patients with a median age of 58 years (range 27–62 years). One tumor showed a uniform epithelioid nested morphology, while the other two were composed of monomorphic spindle cells in fascicles with elevated mitotic figures, focal tumor cell necrosis, and lymphovascular invasion. At a median follow‐up of 20 months, two patients developed local recurrence, including one with concomitant distant metastasis, while one patient remained free of disease. All three patients were alive at the last follow‐up. The EPC1::EZH2‐fusion positive ESS presented in a 52‐year‐old female in the uterus, and displayed uniform spindled cells arranged in short fascicles, with focally elevated mitotic activity but without necrosis. The patient remained free of disease 3 months after surgery. All cases were diffusely positive for CD10; four diffusely express estrogen and progesterone receptors. Our study expands the molecular spectrum of EPC1 and PHF1‐related gene fusions in ESS to include additional novel subunits of the PRC2 and/or NuA4/TIP60 complexes. These cases displayed a monomorphic epithelioid or spindled phenotype, spanning low‐grade and high‐grade cytomorphology, all expressing CD10 and commonly ER and PR, and are prone to local and/or distant spread.
Application of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility to construct the palaeocurrent direction using slender fossil orientations
Authors: Wei Xiaohao , Zhang Rui
Published: November 2022

Oriented samples were collected in the southern Mongolia Plateau and north‐eastern Tibetan Plateau to detect links between microstructural features, which are inferred from magnetic fabrics, and outcrop‐scale sedimentary structures that include slender fossil orientations. Palaeocurrent imprints in particles and their recognition in magnetic fabrics depend on the kinetics of current and any post‐depositional reworking. Here, we restored the flooding palaeocurrent direction through the statistical orientation of slender fossils and imprints indicated by magnetic fabric patterns in the sediments. We found that the tilt response of the minimum susceptibility axes preserves more links to the dynamic orientation of fossil deposits, while the maximum susceptibility axes may be easily reworked by a weak but long‐term tectonic compression. Comparing the two methods reveals the correlation between fossil distribution and magnetic fabric. The dynamic identification of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility on large quantitative samples contributes to provide an alternative way for further statistics of fine‐grained sediments and fabric arrangement.
Regulatory focus climate, organizational structure, and employee ambidexterity: An interactive multilevel model
Authors: Boemelburg Raphael , Berger Stefan , Jansen Justin J. P. , Bruch Heike
Published: November 2022

Prior research suggests that the organizational context supports the emergence of employee ambidexterity; however, the interplay between formal and informal context has been largely unexplored. We analyze this interplay with a multilevel, multisource data set of 2446 individual employees nested in 77 organizations. We find that a promotion climate—unlike a prevention climate—contributes to employee ambidexterity. In addition, formalization positively moderates the effects of both promotion and prevention climate on employee ambidexterity, while centralization weakens the positive effect of promotion climate. Our results advance a contingency perspective that brings together formal and informal contextual drivers of employee ambidexterity and shows that even though an informal climate signals the preferred manner of goal pursuit, a formal structure affects the impact of such signals by delineating opportunity corridors of admissible behaviors.
A decadal record of soil moisture space–time variability over a south‐east Australian catchment
Authors: Senanayake Indishe P. , Yeo In‐Young , Hancock Gregory R. , Willgoose Garry R.
Published: November 2022

Semi‐arid to temperate south‐east Australian catchments with agricultural landscapes demonstrate unique hydro‐climatic characteristics. Understanding the behaviour of soil moisture over such catchments and the influence of driving factors are crucial for hydrologic, climatic and agricultural applications. However, this is challenging due the complex, non‐linear relationship between these factors and soil moisture, and the lack of long‐term catchment scale data records. To address this, spatial and temporal patterns of soil moisture over two south‐east Australian river catchments (i.e., Krui and Merriwa) and the influence of soil texture, topography, vegetation and rainfall on soil moisture variability were evaluated using a decadal in‐situ dataset. This unique in‐situ soil moisture monitoring network is established over a semi‐arid to temperate catchment representing typical south‐east Australian agricultural landscape and the data record has captured some major climatic events. Time stability of catchment‐scale soil moisture and the potential of predicting catchment mean soil moisture content using one representative station were also examined using a linear regression model. Soil texture was found as the dominating factor driving the spatial variability of soil moisture in the area. The temporal patterns of soil moisture showed a positive agreement with vegetation dynamics and rainfall at topsoil layers (0–5 cm and 0–30 cm). A higher spatial variability of soil moisture was observed during dry catchment conditions compared to wet catchment conditions. The deeper soil layers (30–60 cm and 60–90 cm) showed highly stable soil moisture values, which might be the driving force of the agriculture in the area. A linear regression based prediction model demonstrated a good potential in estimating spatial mean soil moisture content from one representative station. The results are useful in parameterization of soil moisture variability in land surface, climatic and hydrologic models, agricultural applications and in remote sensing of soil moisture.
Malignant transformation of rectal endometriosis: Preoperative diagnosis by endorectal ultrasound guided biopsy
Authors: Liang Zhuo‐hua , Cheng Wen‐jie , Liu Yiming , Zhang Feng , Chen Shu‐ting , Zhou Jie , Liu Guang‐jian
Published: November 2022

The prevalence of malignant transformation of endometriotic lesions is estimated between 0.3% and 1%. Malignant transformations of endometriosis occur in the colorectum is rarer, accounting for 0.25%. Because the malignant transformation of colorectal endometriosis rarely involves mucosa, it is difficult to obtain abnormal tissue by routine endoscopic biopsy. In this case, we evaluated a patient with a rectal mass by endorectal ultrasound (ERUS) and performed endorectal ultrasound‐guided biopsy (EGB). Malignant transformations of endometriosis were confirmed by histological result. For patients with rectal tumors but with negative findings on colonoscopy and biopsy, ERUS and EGB contribute to preoperative diagnosis.
Centering Socially Just Leadership: An Integrated Model for Contextualizing Leadership Learning
Authors: Guthrie Kathy L. , Beatty Cameron C.
Published: November 2022

The current article introduces an integrated model centering culturally relevant leadership learning and incorporating the leadership learning framework through social justice pedagogy. The integrated model for contextualizing leadership learning addresses how a leadership educator informs the leadership learning process through their identity, culture, and commitment. By acknowledging these influences, educators can begin to address social justice in developing leadership learning opportunities for students.