bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oncological Outcomes Following Computer-Aided Reconstructive Jaw Surgery
Authors: Le John M. , Hofheins John , Rana Myra , Ponto Jay , Morlandt Anthony B. , Ying Yedeh P.
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this study was to analyze computer-aided surgical planning (CAS) and margin status following oncological reconstructive surgery of the jaws. A retrospective study was conducted on patients who underwent microvascular reconstructive surgery from 2014 to 2021. The predictor variable was the use of CAS. The primary and secondary outcomes were histopathological bone margin status, local recurrence, and disease-free survival (DFS). Covariates included demographic, operative, pathological, and clinical outcomes. Thirty-five CAS and fifty-two non-CAS subjects were included for analysis. Demographic characteristics such as age, sex, and comorbidities were comparable between the study groups, with all p-values > 0.05. For operative variables, the osteocutaneous radial forearm flap was more commonly used in the non-CAS group (34.6%) compared to the CAS group (2.9%) (p < 0.01). The mean follow-up period was shorter in the CAS group (31.9 months) than in the non-CAS group (42.6 months) (p < 0.01). CAS was not associated with margin status (p = 0.65) or local recurrence (p = 0.08). DFS was comparable between the study groups (p = 0.74). Bone margin involvement was not associated with any covariates. The use of CAS in oncological reconstructive jaw surgery was not associated with increased bone margin involvement.
The Effect of Nb on the Microstructure and High-Temperature Properties of Co-Ti-V Superalloys
Authors: Zhou Pengjie , Ni Shenfa , Luo Kunjie , Zhao Wanxiang , Liu Enze , Qiao Yanxin , Chen Shujin
Published: January 2025

The effect of Nb on the microstructure evolution of the γ′ phase in Co-Ti-V alloys has been studied. The yield strength and ultimate strength of the alloys are measured via compression at 900 °C. This indicates that the alloys with 1% at. Nb present a dual γ and γ′ microstructure. A Co3V phase exists in 2Nb and 3Nb alloys. The mismatch increases with the increment in Nb content. The yield strength of the alloys rises as the Nb addition increases. After compression at 900 °C, the <101>-type dislocation causes shearing of the γ′ phase in the plane of the base alloy. In the 1Nb alloy, the <11¯0>-type dislocation reacts at the γ/γ′ interface to generate 1/3<12¯1> super-partial dislocation, and then the γ′ phase is cut by this dislocation and stacking faults are formed.
Application of Finite Volume Method Based on the C-N Format with Parallel Algorithms in Metal Thermal Phase Transition Coupled Field
Authors: Su Bing , Gong Zeyu , Li Han
Published: January 2025

The numerical simulation of metal heat treatment is of great significance for the development of new materials or processes. The complex coupling relationship in metal heat treatment poses a huge challenge to the overall solution. A finite volume method based on the Crack–Nicolson (C-N) scheme with parallel algorithms is proposed for solving the coupling of metal thermal phase transition. Taking the quenching simulation problem of bearing rings as an example, the calculation accuracy and speed of this method were evaluated by comparing the results of the temperature field and phase transformation field obtained from the literature. In addition, grid independence analysis was conducted to demonstrate the rationality of the established model. The finite volume method using a hexahedral mesh C-N format improves the accuracy of calculations. Optimizing the equation form and using parallel algorithms have improved computational speed. In the trial example, in the 850 °C quenching simulation of GCr15, the outer ring of the bearing is composed of 89.1% martensite and 10.9% residual austenite. The results compare with test verification, which shows that the model performs well in the numerical simulation of metal heat treatment.
Design of High-Speed Signal Simulation and Acquisition System for Power Machinery Virtual Testing
Authors: Liu Hongyu , Cui Wei , Li He , Shuai Xiuyun , Wang Qingxin , Zhang Jingyao , Zhao Feiyang , Yu Wenbin
Published: January 2025

The rapid advancement of model-based simulation has driven the increased adoption of virtual testing in power machinery, raising demands for high accuracy and real-time signal processing. This study introduces a real-time signal simulation and acquisition system leveraging field-programmable gate array (FPGA) technology, designed with flexible scalability and seamless integration with NI hardware-based test systems. The system supports various dynamic signals, including position, injection, and ignition signals, providing robust support for virtual testing and calibration. Comprehensive testing across scenarios involving oscilloscopes, signal generators, and the rapid control prototyping (RCP) platform confirms its high accuracy, stability, and adaptability in multi-signal processing and real-time response. This system is a state-of-the-art and extensively virtual field-tested platform for both power systems and power electronics.
The Accuracy of the Passive Leg Raising Test Using the Perfusion Index to Identify Preload Responsiveness—A Single Center Study in a Resource-Limited Setting
Authors: Casazzo Marialessia , Pisani Luigi , Md Erfan Uddin Rabiul Alam , Sattar Abdus , Mirzada Rashed , Zahed Abu Shahed Mohammad , Sarkar Shoman , Barua Anupam , Paul Sujat , Faiz Mohammad Abul , Sayeed Abdullah Abu , Leopold Stije J. , Lee Sue J. , Mukaka Mavuto , Hassan Chowdhury Mohammed Abul , Srinamon Ketsanee , Schilstra Marja , Dutta Asok Kumar , Grasso Salvatore , Schultz Marcus J. , Ghose Aniruddha , Dondorp Arjen , Plewes Katherine
Published: January 2025

Background: We investigated the accuracy of predicting preload responsiveness by means of a passive leg raising test (PLR) using the perfusion index (PI) in critically ill patients showing signs of hypoperfusion in a resource-limited setting. Methods: We carried out a prospective observational single center study in patients admitted for sepsis or severe malaria with signs of hypoperfusion in Chattogram, Bangladesh. A PLR was performed at baseline, and at 6, 24, 48, and 72 h. Preload responsiveness assessed through PI was compared to preload responsiveness assessed through cardiac index (CI change ≥5%), as reference test. The primary endpoint was the accuracy of preload responsiveness prediction of PLR using PI at baseline; secondary endpoints were the accuracies at 6, 24, 48, and 72 h. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed. Results: The study included 34 patients admitted for sepsis with signs of hypoperfusion and 10 patients admitted for severe malaria. Of 168 PLR tests performed, 143 had reliable PI measurements (85%). The best identified PI change cutoff to discriminate responders from non–responders was 9.7%. The accuracy of PLR using PI in discriminating a preload responsive patient at baseline was good (area under the ROC 0.87 95% CI 0.75–0.99). The test showed high sensitivity and negative predictive value, with comparably lower specificity and positive predictive value. Compared to baseline, the AUROC of PLR using PI was lower at 6, 24, 48, and 72 h. Restricting the analysis to sepsis patients did not change the findings. Conclusions: In patients with sepsis or severe malaria and signs of hypoperfusion, changes in PI after a PLR test detected preload responsiveness. The diagnostic accuracy was better when PI changes were measured at baseline.
Long-Term Effects of COVID-19 on Optic Disc and Retinal Microvasculature Assessed by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
Authors: Ozturk Mine , Kumova Guler Deniz , Oskan Ekin Ece , Onder Feyza
Published: January 2025

Objectives: To evaluate the long-term effects of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on optic disc and macular microvasculature. Methods: 40 post-COVID-19 and 40 healthy subjects were included. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) was performed for all subjects at the first visit and repeated in the fourth and twelfth months. Radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) vessel density (VD), retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, FAZ perimeter, VDs of the fovea, parafovea, and perifovea at superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP), and central macular thickness (CMT) were evaluated. The OCTA measurements of the COVID-19 group were compared with the control group. Results: The COVID-19 group showed lower VD values than the control group in the nasal parafoveal quadrant of the SCP at all visits (p = 0.009, p = 0.47, p = 0.042) and in the superior perifoveal quadrant of the DCP in the twelfth-month visit (p = 0.014). At all visits, FAZ area and FAZ perimeter were higher (p = 0.02, p = 0.02, p = 0.002; p = 0.002, p = 0.003, p = 0.005), foveal VD values of both SCP and DCP were lower (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001; p = 0.005, p = 0.001, p = 0.001), and CMT was lower (p < 0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.001) in the COVID-19 group. The COVID-19 group had higher temporal quadrant RPC at all visits (p = 0.003, p = 0.003, p < 0.001) and higher average, superior and inferior RNFL at first and fourth-month visits (p = 0.014, p = 0.020; p = 0.001, p = 0.003; p = 0.021, p = 0.024). Conclusions: There are long-term changes that mainly point to the ischemia in the COVID-19 patients. We emphasize the need for long-term ophthalmologic and systemic follow-up of COVID-19 patients regarding potential complications.
Indolent Angiomatoid Fibrous Histiocytoma Mimicking a Benign Cystic Tumor
Authors: Ichikawa Jiro , Kawasaki Tomonori , Onohara Kojiro , Wako Masanori , Ochiai Satoshi , Hagino Tetsuo , Haro Hirotaka
Published: January 2025

Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma (AFH) is a rare intermediate tumor that is often difficult to diagnose radiologically and pathologically. Herein, we report a case of AFH in the knee that was initially misdiagnosed as a cystic lesion. The tumor was first identified eight years earlier during the patient’s initial visit, when plain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed, leading to a diagnosis of a cystic lesion. At the current visit, the tumor had subsequently enlarged, and pain had appeared. Contrast-enhanced MRI was performed at our hospital, revealing enhancement suggestive of a solid tumor. A needle biopsy was performed, raising suspicion of AFH. Wide resection was performed, and AFH was diagnosed using histopathological findings and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Although there are several characteristic imaging findings of AFH, they are non-specific, and small tumors can be easily overlooked. Furthermore, histopathological findings lack specific immunohistochemical markers, making morphological appearance, combined with FISH findings recently reported as useful, important for preventing misdiagnosis. Since cystic lesions can occur in various locations besides the knee, it is recommended to perform contrast-enhanced MRI for accurate diagnosis when there is an increase in size or the appearance of symptoms, as plain MRI alone may lead to misdiagnosis.
Targeting Thyroid Hormone Receptor Interacting Protein (TRIP13) for Cancer Therapy: A Promising Approach
Authors: Singh Surya P. , Goswami Krishnendu , Pathuri Gopal , Rao Chinthalapally V. , Madka Venkateshwar
Published: January 2025

TRIP13 is a member of the large AAA+ ATPase protein superfamily that plays a crucial role in the precise segregation of chromosomes during mitosis. The abnormal function of TRIP13 has diverse functions, including mitotic processes, DNA repair pathways, and spindle assembly checkpoints, which may contribute to chromosomal instability (CIN). Emerging evidence suggests that the overexpression of TRIP13, observed in many cancers, plays a significant role in drug resistance, autophagy, and immune invasion. Recently, significant advances have been made in identifying TRIP13-associated signaling pathways that have been implicated in cancer progression. Several small molecules that specifically inhibit TRIP13 function and reduce cancer cell growth have been developed. Combination treatments, including TRIP13 inhibitors and other anticancer drugs, have shown promising results. While these findings are promising, TRIP13 inhibitors are awaiting clinical trials. This review discusses recent progress in understanding the oncogenic function of TRIP13 and its possible therapeutic targets, which could be exploited as an attractive option for cancer management.
On the Komlós–Révész SLLN for Ψ-Mixing Sequences
Authors: Szewczak Zbigniew S.
Published: January 2025

The Komlós–Révész strong law of large numbers (SLLN) is proved for ψ-mixing sequences without a rate assumption.
ICU-Acquired Weakness: From Pathophysiology to Management in Critical Care
Authors: Petrucci Martina , Gemma Stefania , Carbone Luigi , Piccioni Andrea , Della Polla Davide Antonio , Simeoni Benedetta , Franceschi Francesco , Covino Marcello
Published: January 2025

Intensive Care Unit-Acquired Weakness (ICU-AW) is a common and severe complication in critically ill patients, characterized by profound and often prolonged muscle weakness. The complexity of its diagnosis and management requires a multidimensional approach that integrates clinical, electrophysiological, and imaging tools. This review focuses on the challenges in diagnosing ICU-AW, emphasizing the limitations of traditional methods such as manual muscle testing and electrophysiological studies, and highlights the emerging role of neuromuscular ultrasound (NMUS) as a promising, non-invasive diagnostic aid. Despite its utility, no gold standard exists for NMUS, making it an evolving area of research. The pathophysiological basis of ICU-AW involves multiple mechanisms, including critical illness polyneuropathy (CIP), critical illness myopathy (CIM), and muscle atrophy due to disuse. Understanding these underlying mechanisms is crucial for advancing diagnostic strategies and informing therapeutic interventions. Recent insights into the molecular and cellular pathways involved, such as the role of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the ubiquitin-proteasome system, have opened new avenues for targeted therapies. Management of ICU-AW remains challenging as no specific treatment has been proven fully effective. Current strategies focus on early mobilization, minimizing sedation, and optimizing nutritional support. Emerging therapies targeting molecular pathways involved in muscle degradation are under investigation, highlighting the potential to translate pathophysiological understanding into therapeutic innovations. This review underscores the need for ongoing research to establish standardized diagnostic protocols and develop targeted treatments for ICU-AW.
Smart Learning in the 21st Century: Advancing Constructionism Across Three Digital Epochs
Authors: Levin Ilya , Semenov Alexei L. , Gorsky Mikael
Published: January 2025

This article explores the evolution of constructionism as an educational framework, tracing its relevance and transformation across three pivotal eras: the advent of personal computing, the networked society, and the current era of generative AI. Rooted in Seymour Papert’s constructionist philosophy, this study examines how constructionist principles align with the expanding role of digital technology in personal and collective learning. We discuss the transformation of educational environments from hierarchical instructionism to constructionist models that emphasize learner autonomy and interactive, creative engagement. Central to this analysis is the concept of an “expanded personality”, wherein digital tools and AI integration fundamentally reshape individual self-perception and social interactions. By integrating constructionism into the paradigm of smart education, we propose it as a foundational approach to personalized and democratized learning. Our findings underscore constructionism’s enduring relevance in navigating the complexities of technology-driven education, providing insights for educators and policymakers seeking to harness digital innovations to foster adaptive, student-centered learning experiences.
Digital Devices Use and Chinese-Canadian First Graders’ Early English Literacy Development: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Li Guofang , Zhen Fubiao , Mei Ziwen
Published: January 2025

This mixed-methods study investigates the impact of digital devices use at home on early English literacy development among 121 Chinese-Canadian first graders, as well as their parents’ perspectives on the families’ purposes and practices of digital devices use for English literacy, highlighting bilingual children’s experiences with multiple digital devices. To understand the relationships between the children’s digital practices and early English literacy development, we collected quantitative data on children’s English literacy skills—including reading comprehension, decoding, and receptive vocabulary—alongside frequency data on digital devices use including those on computer use and television viewing. Parents of 66 children participated in interviews, providing context-specific insights into devices use purposes and language learning practices. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and independent samples t-tests to examine group differences. Hierarchical linear regression explored associations between digital devices use and early English literacy outcomes, while thematic analysis identified patterns from parental interviews. Results indicate a positive association between controlled television exposure and receptive vocabulary. However, no significant relationship was observed between television or computer use and decoding or reading comprehension. Findings emphasize the multifaceted but limited role of digital devices, with parents struggling to balance educational benefits and long-term concerns.
Method for Classification and Optimization of Modes in Triple-Active-Bridge Converter Based on Waveform Structural Characteristics Analysis
Authors: Zhang Laiyong , Tu Chunming , Xiao Fan , Liu Bei , Li Peiqiang
Published: January 2025

The working mode classification of a triple-active-bridge converter (TAB) is the prerequisite and foundation of modulation optimization research based on time-domain analysis. Currently, systematic research on mode classification is lacking. Inadequate screening of mode types can lead to local optima, preventing the achievement of global optimal control. To address this issue, this paper proposes a mode classification method for the TAB converter based on waveform structural characteristics, enabling effective mode classification and specific mode screening. Firstly, time-domain modeling is carried out for the three square waves output from the three ports. Then, the entire waveform within one period is decomposed into various sub-mode combinations. Subsequently, by analyzing the permutation and combination rules of sub-modes corresponding to different waveforms, the construction method of the TAB working mode is derived, and then all working modes of TAB can be screened using an iterative optimization algorithm. Finally, on this basis, through the specific combination of sub-modes, not only the local optimal working mode with relatively low current stress or RMS value can be selected according to the waveform and energy transmission law, but also the working mode with port power decoupling function can be selected. This method has the advantages of clear classification, multidimensional characteristics and expansibility. It not only effectively classifies the modes of the TAB converter, but also selects the locally optimal working mode, particularly those with power decoupling modulation characteristics. Simulation and experimental results validate the correctness and effectiveness of the theoretical analysis.
Dung Beetle Optimization Algorithm Based on Improved Multi-Strategy Fusion
Authors: Fang Rencheng , Zhou Tao , Yu Baohua , Li Zhigang , Ma Long , Zhang Yongcai
Published: January 2025

The Dung Beetle Optimization Algorithm (DBO) is characterized by its great convergence accuracy and quick convergence speed. However, like other swarm intelligent optimization algorithms, it also has the disadvantages of having an unbalanced ability to explore the world and to use local resources, as well as being prone to settling into local optimal search in the latter stages of optimization. In order to address these issues, this research suggests a multi-strategy fusion dung beetle optimization method (MSFDBO). To enhance the quality of the first solution, the refractive reverse learning technique expands the algorithm search space in the first stage. The algorithm’s accuracy is increased by adding an adaptive curve to control the dung beetle population size and prevent it from reaching a local optimum. In order to improve and balance local exploitation and global exploration, respectively, a triangle wandering strategy and a fusion subtractive averaging optimizer were later added to Rolling Dung Beetle and Breeding Dung Beetle. Individual beetles will congregate at the current optimal position, which is near the optimal value, during the last optimization stage of the MSFDBO; however, the current optimal value could not be the global optimal value. Thus, to variationally perturb the global optimal solution (so that it leaps out of the local optimal solution in the final optimization stage of the MSFDBO) and to enhance algorithmic performance (generally and specifically, in the effect of optimizing the search), an adaptive Gaussian–Cauchy hybrid variational perturbation factor is introduced. Using the CEC2017 benchmark function, the MSFDBO’s performance is verified by comparing it to seven different intelligence optimization algorithms. The MSFDBO ranks first in terms of average performance. The MSFDBO can lower the labor and production expenses associated with welding beam and reducer design after testing two engineering application challenges. When it comes to lowering manufacturing costs and overall weight, the MSFDBO outperforms other swarm intelligence optimization methods.
Experimental Thermal Assessment of a Trombe Wall Under a Semi-Arid Mediterranean Climate of Mexico
Authors: Hernández-Pérez Iván , Rodriguez-Ake Álan , Sauceda-Carvajal Daniel , Hernández-López Irving , Kumar Balaji , Zavala-Guillén Ivett
Published: January 2025

The conventional Trombe wall (TW) with concrete construction has been shown to enhance the indoor environment of buildings in cold and Mediterranean climates. Thus, a TW is an option for reducing energy consumption related to thermal comfort for buildings in the northwestern region of Mexico, characterized by arid and semi-arid conditions with low winter temperatures. The thermal behavior of the TW and a conventional facade (CF) of concrete were compared when installed in the southern wall of reduced-scale test boxes in Ensenada, B.C. Unlike other research works available in the literature, which typically monitored a data point measure of the wall and room temperatures, the present study measured the temperature of key components: the absorber wall, the air at the bottom and top vents, the glass cover, and the air at the cross-section plane of the TW test box. The results showed that the TW increases the air temperature through its channel up to 14 ∘C and yields a maximum thermal efficiency of 84% during a sunny winter week. Further, the indoor air temperature at the midpoint of the TW test module is up to 6 ∘C greater than the obtained on the CF-test module; therefore, the TW improved the thermal comfort conditions during winter.
Enzymatic Activity in the Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Cavitated Coffee Waste and Sewage Sludge
Authors: Wołejko Elżbieta , Wydro Urszula , Szaja Aleksandra , Montusiewicz Agnieszka , Lebiocka Magdalena
Published: January 2025

Hydrodynamic cavitation (HDC) as a pre-treatment method is innovative and has potential for wide-scale industrial applications. The novelty of this research involves evaluating the enzymatic activity in the anaerobic co-digestion (AcD) of hydrodynamically cavitated coffee waste (CW) and municipal sewage sludge (SS) as well as its influence on the AcD performance. The effectiveness of AcD was assessed on the basis of changes in the physico-chemical composition of the feedstock and digestate as well as the biogas/methane yield, and attention was paid to the effect of coffee waste on enzyme activity, including that of β-Glucosidases (β-Glu), protease (PR), urease (URE), phosphomonoesterases acid (ACP) and alkaline (ALP). Moreover, the changes in the heavy metal content after the AcD of CW and SS were investigated. Comparing the enzymatic activity of the feedstock and digestate, we observed that the URE, ACP and ALP activities were 4.5 to 11 times higher for the feedstock than the enzyme activities in the digestate. Moreover, when using CW cavitated for 30 min, the highest enzymatic activity in both the feedstock and digestate occurred. The results indicated that the relationship between the β-Glu activity and biogas yield showed the strongest positive correlation (r = 0.98 at p ≤ 0.05). At the same time, a positive correlation between the PAC, PAL, URE and PR activity and methane yield and methane content at p ≤ 0.05 was observed. The obtained results allow us to conclude that, in the future, such a digestate could be used as a bio-fertilizer to improve degraded soil to activate microbial populations.
Simulation of PEM Electrolyzer Power Management with Renewable Generation in Owerri, Nigeria
Authors: Ahaotu MacMatthew C. , Ogbogu Chisom E. , Thornburg Jesse , Akwukwaegbu Isdore Onyema
Published: January 2025

Proton exchange membrane electrolyzers are an attractive technology for hydrogen production due to their high efficiency, low maintenance cost, and scalability. To receive these benefits, however, electrolyzers require high power reliability and have relatively high demand. Due to their intermittent nature, integrating renewable energy sources like solar and wind has traditionally resulted in a supply too sporadic to consistently power a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer. This study develops an electrolyzer model operating with renewable energy sources at a highly instrumented university site. The simulation uses dynamic models of photovoltaic solar and wind systems to develop models capable of responding to changing climatic and seasonal conditions. The aim therefore is to observe the feasibility of operating a proton exchange membrane system fuel cell year-round at optimal efficiency. To address the problem of feasibility with dynamic renewable generation, a case study demonstrates the proposed energy management system. A site with a river onsite is chosen to ensure sufficient wind resources. Aside from assessing the feasibility of pairing renewable generation with proton exchange membrane systems, this project shows a reduction in the intermittency plaguing previous designs. Finally, the study quantifies the performance and effectiveness of the PEM energy management system design. Overall, this study highlights the potential of proton exchange membrane electrolysis as a critical technology for sustainable hydrogen production and the importance of modeling and simulation techniques in achieving its full potential.
Experimental Assessment of Magnetic Nanofluid Injection in High-Salinity and Heavy-Crude-Saturated Sandstone: Mitigation of Formation Damage
Authors: Gómez-Delgado Jimena Lizeth , Gutierrez-Niño Nelson , Carrillo-Moreno Luis Felipe , Martínez-López Raúl Andres , Santos-Santos Nicolás , Mejía-Ospino Enrique
Published: January 2025

The depletion of conventional oil reserves has intensified the search for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques. Recently, nanoparticle research has focused on graphene oxide-based materials, revealing a critical challenge in their practical application. Laboratory investigations have consistently demonstrated that these nanoparticles have significant potential for formation damage, a critical limitation that substantially constrains their potential field implementation. This research addresses a critical challenge in EOR: developing magnetic graphene oxide nanoparticles (MGONs) that can traverse rock formations without causing formation damage. MGONs were synthesized and stabilized in formation brine with a high total dissolved solids (TDS) content with a xanthan gum polymer. Two coreflooding experiments were conducted on sandstone cores. The first experiment on high-permeability sandstone (843 mD) showed no formation damage; instead, permeability increased to 935 mD after MGON injection. Irreducible water saturation (Swirr) and residual oil saturation (Sor) were 25.1% and 31.5%, respectively. The second experiment on lower-permeability rock (231.3 mD) evaluated nanoparticle retention. The results showed that 0.09511 mg of MGONs was adsorbed per gram of rock under dynamic conditions. Iron concentration in effluents stabilized after 3 pore volumes, indicating steady-state adsorption. The successful synthesis, stability in high-TDS brine, favorable interfacial properties, and positive effects observed in coreflooding experiments collectively highlight MGONs’ potential as a viable solution for enhancing oil recovery in challenging reservoirs, without causing formation damage.
Machine Learning-Based Prediction of 2 MW Wind Turbine Tower Loads During Power Production Based on Nacelle Behavior
Authors: Kiyoki Soichiro , Yoshida Shigeo , Rushdi Mostafa A.
Published: January 2025

The cost of a wind turbine support structure is high and this support structure is difficult to repair, especially for offshore wind turbines. As such, the loads and stresses that occur during the actual operation of wind turbines must be monitored from the perspective of maintenance planning and lifetime prediction. Strain measurement methods are generally used to monitor the load on a structure and are highly accurate, but their widespread implementation across all wind turbines is impractical due to cost and labor constraints. In this study, a method for predicting the tower load was developed, using simple measurements applied during power generation, for onshore wind turbines. The method consists of a machine learning model, using the nacelle displacement and nacelle angle as inputs, which are highly correlated with loads at the bottom of the tower. Nacelle displacements can be derived from accelerations, which are already monitored in regard to most wind turbines; the nacelle angle can be calculated from the nacelle angle velocity, measured with a gyroscope. The low-frequency components that cannot be captured with these parameters were predicted using the operational condition data used for wind turbine control. Additionally, the prediction accuracy was increased by creating and integrating separate machine learning models for each typical vibration component. The method was evaluated through the aeroelastic simulation of a 2 MW wind turbine. The results showed that the fatigue and extreme loads of the fore–aft and side–side bending moments at the bottom of the tower can be predicted using operational conditions and nacelle accelerations, and the prediction accuracy in regard to the high-frequency components can be increased by adding the nacelle angle velocity into the model. Furthermore, the fatigue loads of the torsional torque can be evaluated using the nacelle angle velocity. The proposed method has the ability to predict the loads at the bottom of the tower without any, or with only a few, additional sensors.
Associations of Exposure to 24 Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals with Perinatal Depression and Lifestyle Factors: A Prospective Cohort Study in Korea
Authors: Moon Nalae , Heo Su Ji , Kim Ju Hee
Published: January 2025

During pregnancy, reproductive hormonal changes could affect the mental health of women, such as depression and anxiety. Previous studies have shown that exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is significantly associated with mental health symptoms; however, the results were inconsistent. We aimed to examine the association between 24 endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in maternal urine and perinatal depression and their association with dietary and lifestyle factors. Participants were recruited from the “No Environmental Hazards for Mother–Child” cohort in Korea. Structured questionnaires asking dietary and lifestyle factors and evaluation of depressive symptoms were administered during antepartum (14 weeks of gestation) and postpartum (within four weeks after birth) periods. Urine samples were collected from 242 and 119 women during antepartum and postpartum periods, respectively. To assess perinatal depression, we used the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Antepartum depression and mono(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP) (1.50, 1.01–2.23) and 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) (0.05, 0–0.89) showed significant positive association. Additionally, postpartum depression showed significant associations with mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP) (2.78, 1.00–7.70), mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP) (2.79, 1.04–7.46), 2-hydroxynaphthalene (2-NAP) (7.22, 1.43–36.59), and 2-hydroxyfluorene (2-FLU) (<0.01, 0–0.004). Some dietary factors (consumption of fish, fermented foods, cup noodles, and popcorn) and consumer product factors (use of skin care, makeup, perfume, antibiotics, sunscreen, nail polish, new furniture, plastic tableware, detergent, polish, paint, and pesticide) were associated with the concentration level of chemicals. We found that exposure to several EDCs during pregnancy and the postpartum period was associated with perinatal depression and dietary–lifestyle factors. Women in childbirth need to actively seek out information about exposure to EDCs and make efforts to avoid them for their own and fetal health.
Morphological, Physiological, and Transcriptional Responses to Drought Stress in Sensitive and Tolerant Elm (Ulmus pumila L.) Varieties
Authors: Zhang Xuejie , Wu Zhicheng , Fan Shoujin , Zhang Luoyan
Published: January 2025

The exploration of the genetic resources of drought-resistant trees is highly significant for improving the ecological environment. Elm trees are widely distributed in the cold and arid regions of the Northern Hemisphere and have a strong tolerance for adverse conditions. This study evaluated the drought tolerance of 20 elm varieties (Ulmus pumila L.) collected from areas subject to varying degrees of drought and cold. By assessing phenotypic and growth indicators, we found that the drought-sensitive varieties ULP-2 and ULP-3 exhibited a significant reduction in height (31 cm and 16 cm) and root collar diameter (0.37 cm and 0.17 cm), whereas the drought-tolerant varieties ULP-19 and ULP-12 maintained favorable growth conditions under drought stress. Moreover, ULP-19 and ULP-12 displayed significantly fewer yellow leaves (12 and 19) and greater root biomass (237.8 g and 221.2 g). Compared with the sensitive varieties, the relative water content in leaves (21.02% and 30.10%) and roots (26.13% and 34.53%) decreased less in the drought-tolerant varieties. Transcriptome sequence analysis showed that the stable drought resistance of the drought-resistant variety ULP-19 is associated with changes in the processes of carbohydrate metabolism and lignin synthesis in the roots, and these processes are governed by an increase in the regulation of transcription in the leaves of protective pathways controlled by calcium ions and phytohormones (abscisic acid). These results will aid in the selection of appropriate elm varieties for afforestation initiatives and the development of sustainable forest ecosystems in arid regions.
Importance of Patches in Maintaining Forest Landscape Connectivity: A Case Study of Barluk, Xinjiang, China
Authors: Zhang Yujie , Luo Yan , Han Lei , Chen Keyu , Wang Zhi , Yang Qifan
Published: January 2025

Habitat loss and fragmentation are two main threats to biodiversity. Forest landscape connectivity can directly affect many ecological processes, such as plant seed dispersal and animal migration, and is an important framework for determining strategic priorities for biodiversity conservation. This study examines the Barluk Mountain Nature Reserve in Xinjiang as a case study to evaluate changes in connectivity at different diffusion distances based on graph theory. Our results showed that Barluk consists predominantly (62%) of small patches (<1 hm2) and a relatively limited number (7%) of large patches (>10 hm2). By simulating a forest loss scenario and assessing the importance of individual patches, we found that large patches played an important role in maintaining connectivity. Further, by calculating the delta number of components (dNC), we found that not all small patches contribute to maintaining connectivity, and small patches (with dNC < 0 and area < 1 hm2) that act as “stepping stones” within large patches should also be prioritized for protection. Therefore, priority identification of patches that contribute the most to connectivity will provide effective forest management strategies, help enhance the functioning of forest ecosystems, and protect fragmented ecosystems.
Potential Hypotheses Predicting the Patterns of Major Nutrients in Leaves on a Global Scale
Authors: Xie Yajun , Tan Zhaozhao , Xu Xuesheng , Xie Yonghong , Xiao Shengsheng
Published: January 2025

Climatic force might sharpen the latitudinal gradients of foliar nutrients directly (the Temperature–Plant Physiological hypothesis) or indirectly (either through soil nutrient, the Soil Substrate Age hypothesis, or plant functional type (e.g., herbs and trees) composition, the Species Composition hypothesis). However, the validities, effectiveness, and key drivers of these hypotheses have not been further examined globally. Here, we tested these hypotheses by synthesizing data from 2344 observations of leaf N, leaf P, and leaf K in terrestrial plants. The results indicated that leaves enriched nutrients towards the polar region. The validity of each hypothesis was confirmed, with the exception of the Soil Substrate Age hypothesis failing to predict leaf N, as the climatic influence on leaf N occurs through a mechanism opposite to what the hypothesis suggests. Additionally, among all hypotheses, the Species Composition hypothesis was the most effective model for leaf N, whereas the Substrate Age hypothesis was the most effective model for leaf P and leaf K. Soil, climate, and plant functional type collectively accounted for over half of the variations in leaf nutrients. Specifically, soil nutrient was the strongest determinant for leaf P and K, whereas plant functional type for leaf N. Taking into account changes in plant functional types and soil nutrients will improve the modeling of biogeochemical cycles under climate change. We expect further verification by global investigations of leaf stoichiometry using uniform methods.
Lignification and Gene Expression Pattern in Postharvest Moso Bamboo Shoots
Authors: Huang Xujie , Zhang Yaling , Huang Nianjun , Li Yonglong , Yu Fen , Zhang Wengen , Guo Chunce
Published: January 2025

The bamboo shoot is a crucial component of bamboo forest economy. Previous studies have demonstrated that rapid lignification occurs during the postharvest storage of bamboo shoots. However, the mechanism underlying rapid lignification after bamboo shoot harvesting remains unclear. To explore this phenomenon in Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis (Carrière) J. Houz.) shoots, we employed morphological, cytological, lignin content determination, and transcriptomic analysis methods. Our results indicated that the optimal consumption period is within 12–24 h postharvest. We identified 19,038 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with the majority enriched in pathways related to stress response, photosynthesis, and the biosynthesis of phenylalanine, abscisic acid, and jasmonic acid (JA). Additionally, copy number analysis of ten enzyme-coding genes involved in lignin synthesis revealed the regulatory network of lignin synthesis following shoot harvesting. The study offers insights into the rapid lignification process in bamboo shoots postharvest, potentially regulated by stress responses and JA. Feasible preservation methods were also explored to extend the storage duration at room temperature.
Mechanism of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Enhancing Lead Stress Resistance in Poplar Trees
Authors: Xu Nan , Wei Xiaowei , Wang Yuan , Dong Juexian , Yang Xuechen
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, particularly Rhizophagus irregularis, in enhancing the lead (Pb) stress tolerance of poplar trees (Populus simonii × P. nigra ‘1307’). Under Pb stress conditions (0, 250, and 750 mg/kg), AM fungi significantly improved poplar growth, evidenced by increases in plant height (25.4%–31.2%), shoot biomass (21.6%–37.8%), and root biomass (28.9%–41.7%). Photosynthetic parameters, including net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), and transpiration rate (Tr), were substantially enhanced by AM inoculation. For instance, at 750 mg/kg Pb, Pn increased by 46.8% compared to non-inoculated controls. AM fungi facilitated Pb sequestration primarily in the roots, leading to 53.7% lower Pb concentrations in leaves and 47.3% lower concentrations in stems under 750 mg/kg Pb stress. This was attributed to root barrier effects and reduced Pb translocation. AM fungi also mitigated oxidative stress by increasing antioxidant enzyme activities, including superoxide dismutase (SOD, +45.6%), catalase (CAT, +38.2%), and peroxidase (POD, +32.5%). Concurrently, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels decreased significantly, indicating enhanced membrane stability. These findings reveal that AM fungi improve Pb stress resistance in poplar by promoting Pb immobilization in roots, enhancing photosynthetic performance, and fortifying antioxidant defense systems. This study provides both theoretical insights and practical implications for utilizing AM fungi in phytoremediation of Pb-contaminated soils.
Hierarchical Aggregation for Federated Learning in Heterogeneous IoT Scenarios: Enhancing Privacy and Communication Efficiency
Authors: Qiu Chen , Wu Ziang , Wang Haoda , Yang Qinglin , Wang Yu , Su Chunhua
Published: January 2025

Federated Learning (FL) is a distributed machine-learning paradigm that enables models to be trained across multiple decentralized devices or servers holding local data without transferring the raw data to a central location. However, applying FL to heterogeneous IoT scenarios comes with several challenges due to the diverse nature of these devices in terms of hardware capabilities, communications, and data heterogeneity. Furthermore, the conventional parameter server-based FL paradigm aggregates the trained parameters of devices directly, which incurs high communication overhead. To this end, this paper designs a hierarchical federated-learning framework for heterogeneous IoT systems, focusing on enhancing communication efficiency and ensuring data security through lightweight encryption. By leveraging hierarchical aggregation, lightweight stream encryption, and adaptive device participation, the proposed framework provides an efficient and robust solution for federated learning in dynamic and resource-constrained IoT environments. The extensive experimental results show that the proposed FL paradigm significantly reduces round time by 20%.
A New Perspective on Hydrogen Chloride Scavenging at High Temperatures for Reducing the Smoke Acidity of PVC in Fires—III: EN 60754-2 and the Species in Solution Affecting pH and Conductivity
Authors: Bassi Iacopo , Bandinelli Claudia , Delchiaro Francesca , Sarti Gianluca
Published: January 2025

In the European Union, Regulation (EU) No 305/2011, in force since 2017 as CPR, requires the classification of cables permanently installed in buildings for reaction to fire, smoke, flaming droplets, and acidity. The latter is an additional classification evaluated through EN 60754-2, involving pH and conductivity measurements. Acidity is the weak point of a PVC cable due to the release of HCl during the combustion. Low-smoke acidity compounds, containing potent acid scavengers at high temperatures, are developed to reduce the acidity of the smoke. In order to design proper HCl scavengers to be used in PVC low-smoke acidity compounds, it becomes essential to evaluate the main actors affecting acidity and conductivity. In this paper, different cable PVC compounds were tested carrying out EN 60754-2 at different temperatures and temperature regimes: measurements of pH and conductivity were compared with ions’ concentration determined by ion chromatography, according to ISO 10304-1 and ISO 14911 for anions and cations, and inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry, according to ISO 11885. The conclusive results emphasize that HCl from PVC compounds’ thermal decomposition is the primary driver of pH and conductivity, and the contribution from the evaporation and or decomposition of additives and by-products from combustion is found to be negligible in most of the tested PVC compounds for cables. The findings highlight the effectiveness of ion chromatography and inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry as powerful analytical tools for developing efficient acid scavengers capable of maintaining performance at elevated temperatures. A further outcome regards the experimental demonstration of the limits and incongruencies of EN 60754-2 as an instrument for assessing the additional classification for acidity for cables. Finally, a statistical method to understand through pH and conductivity measurements if the scavenging mechanism acts in the condensed phase is presented.
A Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Effects of Letrozole and 17α-Methyltestosterone on the Expression of Reproductive-Related Genes in Golden Pompano (Trachinotus ovatus)
Authors: Zhou Qi , Wang Yan , Guo Yuwen , Li Guangli , Wang Tao , Chen Huapu
Published: January 2025

Aromatase inhibitor letrozole (LZ) and 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) are commonly used for sex control breeding to induce female-to-male sex reversal in aquaculture. However, studies on the molecular regulatory mechanisms of LZ and MT are still limited. Here, a comparative transcriptome analysis was conducted on the hypothalamus, the gonad, and the liver of golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus) after 30 days of LZ and MT treatment, which demonstrated significant sexual size dimorphism. Following LZ treatment, the transcriptome data identified 156, 890, and 1286 different expression genes (DEGs) in the hypothalamus, the liver, and the gonad, respectively. After MT treatment, the transcriptome data identified 114, 876, and 950 DEGs in the hypothalamus, the liver, and the gonad, respectively. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that DEGs were involved in oocyte meiosis and steroid-hormone synthesis following LZ treatment. Similarly, the analysis indicated that DEGs were associated with cysteine and methionine metabolism and steroid-hormone synthesis after MT treatment. Further analysis showed that LZ treatment can promote the first meiotic division but inhibit the second meiotic division of the oocyte. MT treatment promotes polyamine synthesis to induce oocyte apoptosis, both of which affect the trajectory of ovarian differentiation in golden pompano. However, LZ and MT have converse effects in sex hormone synthesis. LZ inhibits estrogen metabolism but promotes cholesterol synthesis by regulating sqle, cyp3a40, ugt1a1, and ugt2a1, while MT promotes estrogen metabolism but inhibits the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone by regulating cyp19a1, cyp1a, and hsd17b7. This study reveals that both LZ and MT may inhibit the ovarian differentiation and induce masculinization through different regulatory mechanisms, which provides a fundamental insight into the sex control breeding in aquaculture.