bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
الدين والعقل
Authors: سعيد بن أحمد الأقندي سعيد بن أحمد الأقندي
Published: February 2020

الدين والعقل هل يلتقي الدين مع العقل أم أنهما ضدان لا يمكن أن يلتقيان؟ وكيف كانت العلاقة بينهما عبر العصور؟ يحاول البحث الذي بين أيدينا الإجابة عن تلك التساؤلات , ورصد تاريخ العلاقة التي مرت بحالات من الاشتباك والتجاذب والصراعات وللهدن وفترات من التقارب والانسجام. ولابد لنا قبل استعراض تاريخ العلاقة بين الإيمان والعقل من تحديد مفهوم العقل. فالعقل هو ملكة يناط بها الوازع الأخلاقي. فعقل , تعني أمسك نفسه وردها .عن هواها , أما أشمل تعريف للعقل عند الفلاسفة فهو مجموع الوظائف النفسية المتعلقة بتحصيل المعرفة , كالإدراك والتداعي , والذاكرة , والتخيل , والحكم , والاستدلال. أما عن علاقة العقل بالدين تاريخيا فقد مرت بحالات من المد والجزر والاشتباك والتقارب. قفي الحضارة اليونانية وجدنا تحرر العقل من ضغط العقيدة الدينية ونفوذ رجالها. أما في العصر الوسيط (عصر القديسين) فلم يكن هناك نزاع بين العقل والإيمان , بل ساد اتفاق تام بينهما. وبدأ الاضطهاد الديني في أوربا حين خرجت السياسة الرومانية على شريعتها. وساد خلال القرنين الأولين اضطهاد لأتباع الدين الجديد. ولم تتوقف حملات التنكيل إلا بعد تبني القياصرة لذلك الدين. وغيّرت الكنيسة سلوكها بعد أن ظفرت بالسلطان. وأحكمت قبضتها على المشككين والمارقين والملحدين (مبادئ أوغسطين). ومالبثت أن دبت اليقظة في التيار العقلي فانقض على خصومه الكهنوت. وشهدنا صراعات دامية أعدم فيها الكثيرون من رواد الفكر الحديث. وفي القرن الثالث عشر بدأت الهوة تتسع بين العقل واللاهوت واستمرت الصراعات وبدأ الانفصال التام .بينهما برفض كل ما جاء به الوحي لعدم قابليته للبرهان العقلي. واستمر النزاع بين الإيمان والعقل في القرون اللاحقة إلى أن ظهرت النظريات العلمية التي برهنت خطل المفاهيم الدينية القديمة عن العالم كنظرية غاليله ونيوتن ودارون وكبلر ولابلاش وغيرها. وتم نزع سلطة الكهنوت سياسيا وإبعاد الدين عن شئون الحياة العامة.
آيات البشرى في سورة البقرة وأهميتها للدعاة )دراسة دعوية(
Authors: أحمد محمد عبيد أحمد محمد عبيد
Published: February 2020

. الحمد الله والصلاة والسلام على سيد الأنبياء والمرسلين , نبينا محمده وعلى آله وصحبه أجمعين. فهذا بحث بعنوان: آيات البشرى في سورة البقرة وأهميتها للدعاة (دراسة دعوية). وقد تناول بالدراسة والتحليل الآيات التي ورد فيها كلمة 'البشرى”, وعددها أريع , وقسمتها إلى أربعة فصول: -الفصل الأول قوله تعالى: (وَبَشِّرِ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ أَنَّ لَهُمْ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِن تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ ? كُلَّمَا رُزِقُوا مِنْهَا مِن ثَمَرَةٍ رِّزْقًا ? قَالُوا هَ?ذَا الَّذِي رُزِقْنَا مِن قَبْلُ ? وَأُتُوا بِهِ مُتَشَابِهًا ? وَلَهُمْ فِيهَا أَزْوَاجٌ مُّطَهَّرَةٌ ? وَهُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ)[البقرة:25] -الفصل الثاني قوله تعالى: (قُلْ مَن كَانَ عَدُوًّا لِّجِبْرِيلَ فَإِنَّهُ نَزَّلَهُ عَلَى? قَلْبِكَ بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ مُصَدِّقًا لِّمَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ وَهُدًى وَبُشْرَى? لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ)[البقرة:97] -الفصل الثالث قوله تعالى: (وَلَنَبْلُوَنَّكُم بِشَيْءٍ مِّنَ الْخَوْفِ وَالْجُوعِ وَنَقْصٍ مِّنَ الْأَمْوَالِ وَالْأَنفُسِ وَالثَّمَرَاتِ ? وَبَشِّرِ الصَّابِرِينَ)[البقرة:155] -الفصل الرابع قوله تعالى: (نِسَاؤُكُمْ حَرْثٌ لَّكُمْ فَأْتُوا حَرْثَكُمْ أَنَّى? شِئْتُمْ ? وَقَدِّمُوا لِأَنفُسِكُمْ ? وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّكُم مُّلَاقُوهُ ? وَبَشِّرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ)[البقرة:223] وسبق التعريف بالسورة , وسبب التسمية, وفضلها, ومحور مواضيعها. كما بيّن البحث سبب نزول كل آية , وأهم أقوال علماء التفسير فيها , والمعنى المجمل للآية , والدروس والعبر المستفادة للدعاة.وقد تبين من خلال البحث: أن التبشير من القول الحسن, الذي أمرنا الله به (قُولُوا لِلنَّاسِ حُسْنًا)[البقرة:83] والتبشير وصية النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم لأتباعه وأمته, فكان إذا بعث أحدا من أصحابه في بعض أمره, يوصيه بقوله: “بشروا ول .تتفروا, ويسروا ولا تعسروا". والتبشير بالخير من أحب الأعمال إلى الله, سرور تدخله على مسلم تزرع به الأمل وتزيل عنه غبار اليأس,ء وهذا مما يجب أن يوصى به كل داعية أراد النجاح لدعوته, بل كل مسلم أراد أن يكون على هدي الحبيب صلى الله عليه وسلم.
ازدواجية القيم الثقافية لدى عينة من طلاب جامعة الكويت
Authors: زهاء الصويلان زهاء الصويلان
Published: February 2020

هدقت الدراسة إلى التعرف على مدى وجود ازدواجية القيم الثقافية المتعلقة باللغة والدين والعادات والتقاليد لدى طلبة جامعة الكويت, وقد استخدمت الباحثة المنهج الوصفي, وتكونت استبانة الدراسة من ثلاثة أبعاد (اللغة, و الدين, والعادات والتقاليد). طبقت الدراسة الأولية في العام الدراسي ‎ 1999/2000 على عدد محدود من الطلاب بلغ عددهم ‎ 150‏ طالباً وطالبة, كما طبقت الدراسة مرة أخرى في العام الدراسي ‎2014/2015‏ على عينة أكبر من الطلاب بلغ عددها 1166 طالباً وطالبة, وذلك لتقصي ظاهرة الازدواجية ‎, وأشارت نتائج الدراسة إلى وجود ازدواجية في الأبعاد الثلاثة, وقد حصل البعد اللغوي وبُعد العادات والتقاليد على متوسط (3,02), أما بالنسبة للفروق الإحصائية لمجالات الدراسة فقد لوحظ وجود فروق دالة إحصائياً وفقآً لمتغير الجنس بين متوسطي استجابات عينة الدراسة في البعد اللغوي لصالح الإناث عند مستوى (> 0,01 ). كما جاء الفرق في متوسطات استجابات عينة الدراسة في بعد العادات والتقاليد لصالح الاناث عند مستوى (> 0,05 ), كما لوحظ وجود فروق دالة احصائياً في الأبعاد الثلاثة تعزى للسنوات الدراسية والكليات عند مستوى (> 0,01 ) وقد أوصت الدراسة بضرورة متابعة ظاهرة الازدواجية الثقافية وإقامة الندوات التوعوية حولها.
علاقة السياسة اللغوية في التعليم بحقوق الإنسان مشروع "أوربا الغنية بلغاتها توجهات في السياسات والممارسات من أجل التعددية اللغوية في أوربا" – (أنموذجا)
Authors: ظافر علي عبد الله الشهري ظافر علي عبد الله الشهري
Published: February 2020

تأتي أهمية هذا البحث من الموضوع الحيوي الذي تناقشه عن السياسات اللغوية وأثرها في عملية التعليم حيث إن السياسات اللغوية هي الموجه لكل عملية تعليمية في بلد ما, والتوجه الذي تبنى عليه مناهج التعليم في ذلك البلد, والأساس الذي يفصح عن توجهات الدول ورغبات الحكومات التي تسعى الى تنشئة شعوبها على المعارف والمهارات والقيم التي تؤمن بها. والسياسة اللغوية هي سياسة مجتمع ما تمثل مجموع المواقف الرسمية, والقرارات العامة, التي تنعكس في التخطيط لهذه السياسة وتنفيذها داخل الجماعة لتوجيه التطور في لغتها. ويشترط في هذا التخطيط مراعاة حقوق المجتمع اللغوي داخل البيئة الواحدة. إن هدف السياسة اللغوية هدف تنموي مستقبلي, يعمل في اللغات الحية الوطنية والقومية لجعلها وافية بمتطلبات الحياة المعاصرة وذات سيادة في مجالات الإدارة والقانون والتعليم والثقافة. كما جاء في التقديم ل (مشروع أوربا الغنية بلغاتها) الذي لم تلتفت إليه الدراسات العربية وتأخذ من هذه التجربة الأوروبية الجديرة بالاحترام, وأتمنى من خلال هذا المبحث أن أكون قد أضفت نموذجا يحتذى به لسياسة لغوية موحدة للوطن العربي تحقق الأمن للعربية فهي تحتاجه كحاجتها إلى الأمن الاقتصادي والأمن السياسي والأمن الغذائي, وقد توافرت الوسائل التي لو أحسن استعمالها بوعي وحرص على مستقبل الأمة العربية لأمكننا أن نحصل على النتائج المرجوة من خلال تقدير الأحداث ونتائجها.
علائقية أمل النص وألم الناص في شعر محمد الثبيتي
Authors: عبد الرحمن محمد الوهابي عبد الرحمن محمد الوهابي
Published: February 2020

. تمثل الدوافع النفسية أحد المحركات الأساسية للإبداع الأدبي, وهي مجموع مؤثرات شعور فردي وجمعي أيضا. تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى مناقشة ثنائية الأمل والألم الملحوظة في بناء شعر محمد الثبيتي, وأثر سياقهما العقلي والوجداني في التعبير الشعري. وتعتمد الدراسة على المنهج الاستقرائي في اختيار العينة, وتحليل ظاهرة الأمل والألم من منظور التحليل الوصفي والنفسي للمضمون والبناء, وعلاقات الأمل بالمضادات المزاوجة له. ويبدأ البحث برؤية موجزة عن مفهوم الأمل, وعلاقته بالحلم عند الإنسان, وأثر ردود الأفعال التعبيرية المتنوعة. ويشرح البحث علاقات الأمل والألم النصية, في شعر الثبيتي من خلال أبرز ظواهرها وكيف أن الأمل يمثل ظاهرة ممزوجة بالالم. إضافة إلى ذلك مناقشة السمات التركيبية العامة التي تكشف عن ثنائية خطاب الأمل والألم التعبيرية المتمثلة في التصوير والإيقاع.
Frequency of Red Blood Cells Alloimmunization in Thalassemia Patients at King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alnajjar Salwa A. , Tayeb Taher , Alboog Abdulrahman , Elgemmezi Tarek , Hindawi Salwa
Published: February 2020

The aim of the study is to assess the alloimmunization rate to red blood cell in thalassemia patients at King Abdulaziz University Hospital. Thalassemia is the most common genetic disorder worldwide that represents a major public health problem and requires long life blood transfusion to the patients as the main treatment. Alloimmunization to the transfused red blood cell can cause hemolytic transfusion reactions and significantly complicate transfusion therapy. Screening and identification of alloantibodies and transfusion of extended phenotyped blood can minimize these risks. A retrospective study was conducted on 134 thalassemia patients at King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Jeddah. Patients’ samples were subjected to red cell typing, antibody screening and identifi cation of red blood cell antibodies. Alloimmunization in thalassemia patients was 20.15%; antibodies were mainly to the Rh and Kell blood group systems, the highest rate was for anti-E (32.4%) followed by anti-K (21.6%). Alloimmunization rate was the highest in the age group from > 10 – 20 years (40.7%). Red cell alloimmunization is a frequent event among thalassemia patient. A national protocol for screening and identifying of the red cell alloantibodies and transfusion of phenotype blood is required for proper management of these patients.
Practices of Jeddah Residents Regarding the Disposal of Unused and Expired Medications: A Community-Based Survey
Authors: Abuassonon Afnan Ali , Kalkatawi Bayader Salah , Alzahrani Lamia Saeed , Eid Basma Ghazi , Neamatallah Thikryat A.
Published: February 2020

Inappropriate disposal of stored medications leads to an increased risk of environmental toxicity. This study aims to examine practices of Jeddah residents with regard to disposing unused and/or expired medications and to view their opinions about the presence of drug take-back centres. Over a three-month period, 771 participants completed an online questionnaire, that focused on disposal methods and the importance of having drug retrieval centres. The data demonstrated that 91.57% of the participants reported discarding their expired medications in household waste, and 2.98% of them return their medications to hospitals or pharmacies. With respect to unused medications, 67.07% of the participants disposed of them in household waste, and only 10.84% donated their medications. This improper practice, however, contradicted the fact that 92.35% of the respondents were interested in knowing the appropriate methods of disposing. In addition, 90.66% agreed to the need for drug take-back centres. This study demonstrated that a low percentage of respondents knew about correct medication disposal. This emphasizes the need for the Ministry of Health, the pharmaceutical industry and pharmacies to collaborate on a national program about the proper methods of medication disposal and to initiate drug retrieval programs.
Evaluating Saudi Nursing Students’ Knowledge and Attitudes toward Cancer Pain Management: Implications for Nursing Education
Authors: Wazqar Dhuha Y.
Published: February 2020

Ineffective pain management has been recognized as a major problem faced by many patients with cancer. There is a lack of emphasis on cancer pain management in the undergraduate nursing curriculum which is one part of this problem. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with a convenience sample of 135 nursing students at two universities in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, to evaluate students’ current knowledge and attitudes toward cancer pain management. Data were collected using Pain Management Principles Assessment Test and Nurses’ Pain Management Attitudes Survey. The data were analyzed using IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 22, and P < 0.05 was interpreted as significant. Descriptive and inferential statistics and Pearson correlations were performed. Nursing students have insufficient knowledge (11.4 ± 2.92) and negative attitudes (68.8 ± 5.75) toward cancer pain management. None of the nursing students achieved complete, correct responses (31 or 100%) in the knowledge test. Students had poor knowledge regarding areas of pain physiology and assessment, pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic pain management such as cutaneous stimulation. A weak positive significant relationship between students’ knowledge and attitudes was also found (r = 0.225, P = 0.009). Continued work is required to develop specific strategies to effectively teach nursing students and enhance their knowledge and attitudes toward cancer pain management.
Portal Vein Aneurysm Complicated by Thrombosis
Authors: Faleh Doaa , Baeshin Seraj Nadir , Alzahrani Ghaida Ahmed , Nahhas Hesham Tariq , Abbas Nouri Abbas
Published: February 2020

The current study described a case of portal vein aneurysm at the confluence of the superior mesenteric and splenic veins, complicated by thrombosis in a patient with no liver pathology but with Factor V Leiden mutation.
Case Report: The Role of Spatial Repellant Devices to Prevent Malaria in Low-Income Countries
Authors: Cucchiaro Giovanni , Van Leeuwen Jamie , Goodridge Yvette
Published: February 2020

Malaria is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Uganda. The role of spatial repellent devices in preventing malaria is controversial. The goal of this study was to evaluate the populations’ acceptability of a newly designed insecticide diffuser. We distributed to three families living in southern Uganda a device commercially available, the VAPE® portable set. This spatial repellent device offers several advantages compared with other traditional products. It is powered by lithium batteries that guarantee 20 days of uninterrupted delivery of insecticide; it contains two insecticides: empenthrin and transfluthrin; and it is simple to use, one switch to turn it “on” and/or “off.” It is odorless, and it can be placed anywhere in the living/sleeping area. People can also carry it outside the house. We planned to evaluate people’s compliance with its usage, its reliability, and its overall costs. We conducted a 5-month survey. We distributed the devices to three households, one device per bedroom. Ten males and 11 females, with a mean age of 26 ± 16 (range 10–51) years, lived in these houses. The compliance with the use of the device and its acceptability were high. No side effects were reported. No individual contracted malaria during the 5-month period. The major obstacle we found was the timely delivery of the devices to the evaluation area and initial compliance with the instructions on how to use the device. Larger randomized studies are needed to clarify whether there is a role for this type of spatial repellent devices in the global efforts to prevent malaria.
Suppression of lncRNA-MALAT1 activity ameliorates femoral head necrosis by modulating mTOR signaling
Authors: Ma Luyao , Gao Jian
Published: February 2020

Introduction

Avascular necrosis of the femoral head (ANFH) is one of the most complicated bone disorders; management remains challenging. We evaluated the effect of lncRNA-MALAT1 suppression on ANFH rats.

Material and methods

Dexamethasone was injected intravenously at 0.5 mg/kg daily for 30 days to induce ANFH; an lncRNA-MALAT1 inhibitor group received the inhibitor for the entire 30 days. LncRNA-MALAT1 suppression was evaluated by measuring blood hexosamine and hydroxyproline levels, and that of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Changes in femoral head bone ultrastructure were assessed via transmission electron microscopy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We used reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting to measure gene and protein expression levels in femoral head tissue.

Results

The blood hexosamine level rose and that of hydroxyproline fell in the LncRNA-MALAT1 inhibitor group compared to the ANFH group. LncRNA-MALAT1 suppression increased the level of circulating EPCs. Ultrastructural changes in the femoral bone head were alleviated by the lncRNA-MALAT1 inhibitor. LncRNA-MALAT1 suppression lowered the levels of AMPK, mTOR, and Beclin-1 in rat tissue homogenates.

Conclusions

LncRNA-MALAT1 suppression attenuated dexamethasone-induced femoral head necrosis by regulating AMPK/mTOR/Beclin-1 signaling.
Ginsenoside Rh2 inhibits thyroid cancer cell migration and proliferation via activation of miR-524-5p
Authors: Jiang Shan , Yan Jiqi , Chen Xingsheng , Xie Qingji , Lin Wei , Lin Ting , Li Qinyu
Published: February 2020

Introduction

Thyroid cancer is an important disease that threatens the health of humans. Ginsenoside Rh2 is known as an anticancer molecule; however, its function in thyroid cancer cells has not been reported. In the present study, we identified that Rh2 treatment of the thyroid cancer cell line K1 inhibited cell migration and proliferation.

Material and methods

We determined the Rh2 function in thyroid cancer cell lines. By RT-PCR, expression of miR-524-5p and related genes were determined. The cell phenotype including cell migration and proliferation were detected after serials treatment. The relevant protein level were checked by Western blot.

Results

Interestingly, we observed that miR-524-5p, a type of miRNA, had lower expression in the thyroid cancer cell lines TPC-1, K1, and NPA than in the normal thyroid cell line Nthyri3-1. Additionally, Rh2 treatment induced miR-524-5p expression. Further examination using overexpression of miR-524-5p identified that the miR-524-5p mimic inhibited cell migration and proliferation of the K1 line. Similar to Rh2-treated cells, the miR-524-5p mimic-expressing cells had increased E-cadherin and reduced vimentin levels compared to the control cells. Next, we examined the relationship between Rh2 and miR-524-5p with respect to thyroid cell migration and proliferation. Treatment with Rh2 and miR-524-5p inhibitor suppressed Rh2 action on K1 thyroid cell migration and proliferation, and the rates were similar to those in control cells, suggesting that Rh2 might induce miR-524-5p expression to inhibit thyroid cancer cell migration and proliferation.

Conclusions

Our analyses identified Rh2 and miR-524-5p action on thyroid cancer cell migration and proliferation as well as the linkage between Rh2 and miR-524-5p in thyroid cancer cell development.
Mechanisms underlying the improvement of preeclampsia through salvianolic acid B-regulated miRNA-155/CXCR4
Authors: Zhang Chuanlian , Han Xue , Wang Xiaoxue
Published: February 2020

Introduction

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects and mechanisms of salvianolic acid B (Sal B) in preeclampsia treatment by in vivo and in vitro study.

Material and methods

Rats were randomly divided into 5 groups. In order to establish the model of preeclampsia, endotoxin was administered to the rats in the Sal B intervention and model groups. The systolic blood pressure (SBP) of the tail artery and urine protein concentration were observed at different points, the miRNA-155 and CXCR4 gene expression levels by RT-PCR and the CXCR4 and p-AKT protein expression by WB assay. Using HTR8/SVneo to explain the mechanisms; evaluating the miRNA-155 and CXCR4 mRNA expression by RT-PCR assay, measuring the cell invasion and migration by transwell and wound healing assay in different groups; evaluating the CXCR4 and p-AKT protein expression by WB assay and p-AKT nucleation volume by cellular immunofluorescence were evaluated.

Results

Compared with the normal group, the systolic blood pressure and urine protein were significantly increased in the model group (p < 0.05), serum NO concentration was significantly down-regulated (all p < 0.05), CXCR4 and miRNA-155 mRNA expression was significantly different and CXCR4 and p-AKT protein expression was significantly suppressed (all p < 0.05). With Sal B supplement, the SBP, urine protein and NO concentration were significantly improved with dose-dependent (all p < 0.05). In the cell experiment, the cell invasion and migration ability were significantly improved with Sal B supplement (both p < 0.05). However, with miRNA-155 transfection, the cell invasion and migration ability were suppressed with Sal B treatment (both p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Sal B improved preeclampsia via regulation of miRNA-155/CXCR4 in the in vitro and vivo study.
Genetic syndromes with vascular malformations – update on molecular background and diagnostics
Authors: Ustaszewski Adam , Janowska-Głowacka Joanna , Wołyńska Katarzyna , Pietrzak Anna , Badura-Stronka Magdalena
Published: February 2020

Vascular malformations are present in a great variety of congenital syndromes, either as the predominant or additional feature. They pose a major
challenge to the clinician: due to significant phenotype overlap, a precise
diagnosis is often difficult to obtain, some of the malformations carry a risk
of life threatening complications and, for many entities, treatment is not
well established. To facilitate their recognition and aid in differentiation,
we present a selection of notable congenital disorders of vascular system
development, distinguishing between the heritable germinal and sporadic
somatic mutations as their causes. Clinical features, genetic background and
comprehensible description of molecular mechanisms is provided for each
entity.
The Medial Collateral Ligament in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: Anatomy, Biomechanics, and Injury
Authors: Cheung Amy , Yan Chun Hoi , Chan Ping Keung , Chiu Kwong Yuen
Published: February 2020

Understanding the anatomy and biomechanics of the medial collateral ligament (MCL) is crucial in producing good outcomes after total knee arthroplasty. A solid grasp of the surgical techniques that address the MCL are necessary to ensure good coronal plane ligament balance. Furthermore, intraoperative injury to the MCL in total knee arthroplasty is an uncommon yet serious complication which often goes unrecognized. Loss of the integrity of the MCL can lead to instability, loosening, and accelerated polyethylene wear. There is still controversy regarding the ideal method of treatment of intraoperative MCL injuries with suggested treatment modalities ranging from conservative management to use of varus-valgus constrained implants.
Technical and Scale Efficiency Analysis of 25 Nort Mediterranean Ports: A Data Envelopment Analysis Approach
Authors: Nikolina Buljan Perusic , Jian Hua Zhang
Published: February 2020

The strategic position of the northern Mediterranean ports gained importance with the announcement of Chinese investments, which form part of the One Belt One Road project. The research presented in this paper focuses on small ports, which have not heretofore been the subject of interest. In the first half of 2019, both Croatia and Italy agreed on participation in the project, which aims to shorten the journey from China to central Europe by changing sea route destinations to ports in the Adriatic Sea. This paper examines the technical and scale efficiency of 25 ports in Croatia, Italy and Slovenia, as a possible prerequisite for investments. The research uses Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) variable returns to scale an output-oriented model on a panel data sheet, for 25 ports in the period from 2009 to 2018. This research suggests that the number of efficient ports, in this case, is not directly related to the size of the port or to the country in which it is located. However, it is more often the case that larger ports are more efficient. For all inefficient ports, the DEA provides best practice examples to which ports should aspire and therefore highlights the practical implication of the work.
Error Analysis in the Written Compositions of EFL Students: A Classroom Study
Authors: Chaudhary Anjum , Zahrani Sahar Al
Published: February 2020

The aim of the study is to analyse the linguistic errors in the writings of EFL students in a Saudi university. For error analysis, the writing tasks of a group of students were collected and analysed. The results showed that the frequently committed errors were at the sentential level as well as the word level. The most frequent errors were the errors of spellings and the least were the errors of demonstratives. The marked errors were categorised as errors of omission, addition, misinformation and misordering. Further analysis of the collected data indicated interlingual interference, intralingual interference, inadequate practice in English writing and carelessness of students as the major sources of the errors. Hence, the study has pedagogical implications as it will help teachers to device appropriate measures for improving the students’ writing proficiency.
Is Gender a Driver of Topic Choice? A Comparative Keyword Analysis of Political Cable News Interviews
Authors: Falcone Mariasophia , Camiciottoli Belinda Crawford
Published: February 2020

Cable news networks have become an increasingly important source of political news in the United States. They wield considerable influence on public opinion, particularly in relation to current issues involving social roles and gender dynamics. This study offers insights into how the choice of topic in political cable news interviews may be influenced by the gender of participants. A corpus of 40 political cable news interviews was compiled and analyzed on the basis of various combinations of male and female interviewers and interviewees. Corpus software was implemented to extract keywords that were then grouped to identify prominent topics according to gender. Topics discussed exclusively among male participants were more issue oriented (i.e., immigration, healthcare, the economy, and gun control) as compared to those discussed exclusively among female participants that were more in social nature (i.e., personal matters, the Kavanaugh Supreme Court nomination, and tech giants in the context of social justice). Results showed that topics emerging from the female participants’ discourse were aligned with some widely held perceptions of women’s speech. At the same time, other features of the female participants’ speech appeared to be driven largely by their professional and institutional roles, and thus, not aligned with stereotypical perceptions. The findings have implications for the role of media and cable news in contemporary American society in avoiding the perpetration of gender-related topic bias.
Bounds for uniform resolvent conditions
Authors: Chen Yin
Published: February 2020

For a bounded linear operator on a Banach space, the uniform resolvent condition implies the absolute summability of the powers of the operator. In this paper, we study the bounds for the absolute sum of the powers of an operator that satisfies the uniform resolvent condition. Some known bounds on general Banach spaces as well as on finite-dimensional Banach spaces are improved.
Upper bounds for Ricci curvatures for submanifolds in Bochner-Kaehler manifolds
Authors: Lone Mehraj Ahmad , Matsuyama Yoshio , Al-Solamy Falleh R. , Shahid Mohammad Hasan , Jamali Mohammed
Published: February 2020

Chen established the relationship between the Ricci curvature and the squared norm of meancurvature vector for submanifolds of Riemannian space form with arbitrary codimension knownas Chen-Ricci inequality. Deng improved the inequality for Lagrangian submanifolds in complexspace form by using algebraic technique. In this paper, we establish the same inequalitiesfor different submanifolds of Bochner-Kaehler manifolds. Moreover, we obtain improvedChen-Ricci inequality for Kaehlerian slant submanifolds of Bochner-Kaehler manifolds.
Effects of the Agaricus bisporus stem residue on performance, nutrients digestibility and antioxidant activity of laying hens and its effects on egg storage
Authors: Yang Bowen , Zhao Guoxian , Wang Lin , Liu Shujing , Tang Jie
Published: February 2020

Objective: The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effects of the Agaricus bisporus stem residue (ABSR) on the performance, nutrients digestibility, antioxidant activity of laying hens, and its effects on egg storage to determine the appropriate dosage of ABSR, so as to provide a scientific basis for the effective utilization of ABSR.Methods: A total of 384 53-wk-old Nongda III layers were randomly divided into six treatments, four replicates in each treatment and 16 birds in each replicate. The control treatment was fed with basic diet, while experimental treatments were fed with diets of 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% ABSR respectively. The experimental period was 56 d.Results: The results showed that compared with the control treatment, ABSR had no significant effect on laying performance (p>0.05). The crude protein and total energy digestibility of experimental treatments was significantly higher than those of control treatment (p<0.05). When eggs were stored for 1 wk, 2 wk, and 3 wk at 25°C, there were no significant differences in egg storage between the experimental treatments and the control treatment (p>0.05). The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in the serum of the experimental treatments were significantly higher than those of the control treatment (p<0.05), and the malonaldehyde (MDA) content did not change dramatically. SOD activity in yolk of experimental treatments was significantly higher than that in control treatment (p<0.05); MDA content in yolk was markedly lower than that in control treatment (p<0.05). The activity of GSH-Px and SOD in yolk of experimental treatments was significantly higher than that of control treatment stored at 25°C for 21 d, and the content of MDA was significantly lower than that of control treatment (p<0.05).Conclusion: ABSR can be used to improve the antioxidant activity of laying hens without affecting laying performance.
Effect of JAK-STAT pathway in regulation of fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome in chickens
Authors: Zhu Yaling , Mao Huirong , Peng Gang , Zeng Qingjie , Wei Qing , Ruan Jiming , Huang Jianzhen
Published: February 2020

Objective: To explore the molecular mechanisms of fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) in laying hens, an experiment was conducted to reveal the differences in histopathological observation and gene expression between FLHS group and normal group.Methods: We compared the histopathological difference using hematoxylin and eosin staining and proceeded with RNA sequencing of adipose tissue to search differentially expressed genes and enriched biological processes and pathways. Then we validated the mRNA expression levels by real-time polymerase chain reaction and quantified protein levels in the circulation by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results: We identified 100 differentially expressed transcripts corresponding to 66 genes (DEGs) were identified between FLHS-affected group and normal group. Seven DEGs were significantly enriched in the immune response process and lipid metabolic process, including phospholipase A2 group V, WAP kunitz and netrin domain containing 2, delta 4-desaturase sphingolipid 2, perilipin 3, interleukin-6 (IL-6), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3). And these genes could be the targets of immune response and be involved in metabolic homeostasis during the process of FLHS in laying hens. Based on functional categories of the DEGs, we further proposed a model to explain the etiology and pathogenesis of FLHS. IL-6 and SOCS3 mediate inflammatory responses and the satiety hormone of leptin, induce dysfunction of Jak-STAT signaling pathway, leading to insulin resistance and lipid metabolic disorders. Conversely, CNTF may reduce tissue destruction during inflammatory attacks and confer protection from inflammation-induced insulin resistance in FLHS chickens.Conclusion: These findings highlight the therapeutic implications of targeting the JAK-STAT pathway. Inhibition of IL6 and SOCS3 and facilitation of CNTF could serve as a favorable strategy to enhance insulin action and improve glucose homoeostasis, which are of importance for treating obesity-related disorders for chickens.
Role of Hybrid Operating Room: Present and Future
Authors: Qize Yuan Evan , Sze Hang Ng Calvin
Published: February 2020

With the dramatic progress of medical imaging modalities and growing needs for high-resolution intraoperative imaging in minimally invasive surgery, hybrid operative room (OR) has been developed as a powerful tool for different surgical scenarios. Under the guidance of high-definition cone beam CT (CBCT), an electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy (ENB)-based marker implantation and subsequent localization of the pulmonary nodules can be implemented within a hybrid OR. Furthermore, the unparalleled real-time imaging capabilities and the ability to perform multiple tasks within the hybrid OR can facilitate image-guided single-port video-assisted thoracic surgery (iSPVATS), increasing the precision and improving outcomes of the procedure. With the help of a hybrid theatre, catheter-based thermal ablation can provide a safer and less invasive treatment option for select patient groups with early-stage non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC) or metastases. In the future, the combination of hybrid operating room and other inspiring innovative techniques, such as robotic bronchoscopy, 3D-printing, natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) lung surgery could lead to a paradigm shift in the way thoracic surgery is conducted.
Historiography of Shahabuddin Muhammad Zydari Nassavi: From Chronologist to Memoirist
Authors: Hazrati Hassan
Published: February 2020

Historiography of Nassavi is one of the late Arabic writings by an Iranian literarian and
historianwho has left two important works, i.e. Nafsat al Masdour and Sirat Jalaluddin
Mengborni. The first one’s approach is memoir writing, with anembellished and intricate
style. The second one’s approach is hagiology writing style, but ends up in a memoir
writing approach. Under the prevailing turbulent circumstances of his time, Nassavi tries to
analyze the pathology and decline of the Khwarazmian era. These works are among the first few historiographical studies of the Mongols. Nassavi does not explicitly refer to his
historiographical approach. Hence, a researcher has to find out his thought and method
through the lines of his writings. Attempts have been made in the present study to analyze
Nassavi’s historiographical thought as well as his method which is based on hearsay and
observation.
The Revival of Chineseness as a Cultural Identity in Malaysia
Authors: Matondang Saiful Anwar
Published: February 2020

The revival of ethnic culture in the current globalizing world challenges the anthropologists and sociologists to study the multicultural societies. This phenomenon appears in urban areas of multicultural cities and it makes the ethnic background awareness lead to be a cultural identity remaking. With an ethnohistory approach and ethnographic fieldwork in 2014, this paper provides the cultural identity making and remaking process of Chineseness in Malaysia since 1970. Chineseness has contextualized the cultural process of cultural plurality to a complexity of the multiculturalism in Malaysian society. This research paper presents a history of social process that resulted in the Chinese culture identity revived in Malaysia after the May 13, 1969 riots, and analyzes two important factors; they are Government Policy and Transnational Linkage of Chinese, shaped and illuminated the Chinese cultural identity in Malaysia. The government policy upholds the Ketuanan Melayu (Supremacy of Malay culture with affirmative action) and the Chinese descendants or Peranakan in adapting national situation, then they sought their shared traditions and memories as well as link them to transnational of Chinese culture in Asia Pacific region. The fieldwork data of 2014 show that multicultural society in Malaysia allows the Malaysia Chinese to enact their rituals, festivals, culinary shows and cultural attractions in public spaces and social media with a revival mode in which the reconstruction of ethnic identity represented as cultural productions of multicultural society.
Organizational Culture and Organization Based Self-Esteem as Predictors of Spirit at work
Authors: Ünal Zeynep Merve , Turgut Tülay
Published: February 2020

This study aims to investigate the relationships between organizational cultures, spirit at work, and organization based self-esteem among academicians, and whether organization based self-esteem mediates the relationship between organizational culture and spirit at work. A cross-sectional design was employed, and data were collected through a questionnaire-based survey. Based on the convenience sampling, 417 academicians answered the questionnaire in public and private universities located in Turkey. To analyze the data descriptive statistics, Pearson coefficient, simple and multiple regression analyses were conducted. Feminine organizational culture has more positive contribution on experiencing spirit at work than masculine organizational culture. Moreover, organization based self-esteem does not mediate the relationship between types of organizational culture and spirit at work. Results suggest that organizations hoping to enhance their employee‟s spirit at work could focalize creating an organizational environment that fosters employee spirit at work. The originality of this paper is that it creates awareness and emphasizes potential contributors that foster an individual‟s experience of spirit at work.
The Economic Life of the Aetas of Northern Philippines
Authors: Tindowen Darin Jan C.
Published: February 2020

In today’s world, one of the bases of economic development is the presence of technology. However, not all communities and groups can have an access to the different technologies created by man. And one of these groups is the Aetas of Northern Philippines. This study was conducted to determine the different economic activities, and seasonal activities for survival of the Aetas. The participants of the study were the 25 Aeta families of a rural community in Northern Philippines. In-depth interview, observation, and community immersion were the instruments used by the researcher. Moreover, key informants and the elders were identified to validate the data gathered by the researcher. Results showed that the economic activities of the Aeta community are foraging, livestock and poultry production, making and selling hard brooms, farming and agriculture, and some families are recipients of the Pantawid Pampamilya Program of the Government. Moreover, seasonal activities for survival included fishing, paid labor, tour guiding inside the Callao cave, being recipients of the different outreach and extension activities conducted by Non-Government organizations and schools and universities located in Tuguegarao City and in Peñablanca, Cagayan, Philippines; and some of them were compensated during cultural festivals and other festive events by presenting theTalip, the Aetas community and indigenous dance.
Iron Deficiency Anemia in Older Females: A Comparison Between Community-Dwelling Individuals and Nursing Home Residents in the Southwest of Iran
Authors: Safavi Eisa , Marzban Maryam , Sadeghmoghadam Leila , Farhadi Akram
Published: February 2020

Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA), as one of the most common problems of the elderly, is preventable and treatable. Objectives: The current study aimed at determining the prevalence of IDA and its related factors in older females and comparing it between community-dwelling individuals and nursing home residents in the Southwest of Iran. Methods: The current cross sectional study was conducted on 365 community-dwelling and nursing home residents in Bushehr Province, Iran. Data were collected in 2017. Blood samples were taken from all participants to measure hemoglobin and ferritin levels. Hemoglobin values less than 12 g/dL were considered as diagnostic criteria for anemia. Simple logistic regression was used to compare normal subjects with the ones with anemia, and after adjusting the marital status and age, the odds ratio (OR) was obtained. Furthermore, independent variables affecting them and ORs and their associated confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained, which were significant. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and the significant level was less than 0.05. Results: The mean ± SD age of participants was 82.00 ± 5.79 years, and the means of hemoglobin and ferritin levels were 12.6 ± 1.04 g/dL and 15.00 ± 5.11 µg/dL, respectively. Based on the hemoglobin rate, 30% of the elderly females had anemia, and the prevalence of IDA in the elderly living in the community and nursing homes was 27% and 39%, respectively. Conclusions: The prevalence of IDA in elderly females was high in Southwest of Bushehr. The crude and adapted ORs indicated that living in the nursing home was a risk factor for anemia. Therefore, this ailment requires a national screening, diagnosis, and early intervention.
Effects of Constructivism-Based Teacher Education Program for Supporting Infant’s Mathematical Inquiry Activity on Variables Related to Infant Teacher’s Mathematics Teaching
Authors: Ko Eunji , Kim Jihyun
Published: February 2020

This study helps infant teachers practice a constructivism-based teacher education program that supports infant mathematical inquiry activities and examines improvements in mathematical teaching knowledge, mathematical teaching initiatives, mathematical interaction, constructivism belief and mathematical teaching efficacy. Twenty two experiment group infant teachers and twenty two comparison group infant teachers were chosen at two workforce educare centers. The experiment group infant teachers participated in 18 sessions of a constructivism teacher training program for 8 weeks, but the comparison group infant teachers did not take part in the program. Pretest and post-tests were implemented for the mathematical teaching knowledge, mathematical teaching initiatives, mathematical interactions, constructivism belief and mathematical teaching efficacy in the experiment group. Independent sample t-test and ANCOVA were tested using Windows SPSS statistics 21.0. The homogeneity test for the experiment and comparison group revealed significant differences. ANCOVA was carried out after the pretest score was controlled as a co-variance. Significant differences were indicated in mathematical teaching knowledge, mathematical teaching initiative, mathematical interaction, constructivism belief and mathematical teaching efficacy. The results indicated that a constructivism-based teacher education program to support infant mathematical inquiry activities influenced improvements in mathematical teaching knowledge, mathematical teaching initiative, mathematical interaction, constructivism belief and mathematical teaching efficacy. This study proved the effects of the program based on constructivism theory content for the knowledge, skills and attitude about infant teaching of mathematical initiatives and practiced a program of exploration, investigation, application and assessment for infant teachers. The results can help infant teachers teach mathematical exploration activities and help activate infant mathematical exploration activities.
Dermoscopic features of congenital hypopigmentary disorders
Authors: Malaka Subrata , Ranglani Harshal , Malakar Surit
Published: February 2020

Localized congenital hypopigmentary disorders include conditions like nevus depigmentosus, piebaldism, hypomelanosis of Ito, ash leaf macules and nevus anemicus. These cases are not infrequently seen in clinical practice. However, they often closely mimic each other clinically, and thus pose a diagnostic challenge. In the paediatric age group, it is not always feasible or desirable to do a biopsy. A non-invasive diagnostic tool such as dermoscopy is thus invaluable and obviates the need for any invasive procedures. Differentiation from the far more common disorders such as pityriasis alba and vitiligo is also needed. So, the various salient dermoscopic features of congenital hypopigmentary disorders in order to aid in clinical diagnosis easily are highlighted.
The detection of trans gene fragments of hEPO in gene doping model mice by Taqman qPCR assay
Authors: Aoki Kai , Sugasawa Takehito , Yanazawa Kouki , Watanabe Koichi , Takemasa Tohru , Takeuchi Yoshinori , Aita Yuichi , Yahagi Naoya , Yoshida Yasuko , Kuji Tomoaki , Sekine Nanami , Takeuchi Kaoru , Ueda Haruna , Kawakami Yasushi , Takekoshi Kazuhiro
Published: February 2020

Background

With the rapid progress of genetic engineering and gene therapy methods, the World Anti-Doping Agency has raised concerns regarding gene doping, which is prohibited in sports. However, there is no standard method available for detecting transgenes delivered by injection of naked plasmids. Here, we developed a detection method for detecting transgenes delivered by injection of naked plasmids in a mouse model that mimics gene doping.

Methods

Whole blood from the tail tip and one piece of stool were used as pre-samples of injection. Next, a plasmid vector containing the human erythropoietin (hEPO) gene was injected into mice through intravenous (IV), intraperitoneal (IP), or local muscular (IM) injection. At 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h after injection, approximately 50 µL whole blood was collected from the tail tip. One piece of stool was collected at 6, 12, 24, and 48 h. From each sample, total DNA was extracted and transgene fragments were analyzed by Taqman quantitative PCR (qPCR) and SYBR green qPCR.

Results

In whole blood DNA samples evaluated by Taqman qPCR, the transgene fragments were detected at all time points in the IP sample and at 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 h in the IV and IM samples. In the stool-DNA samples, the transgene fragments were detected at 6, 12, 24, and 48 h in the IV and IM samples by Taqman qPCR. In the analysis by SYBR green qPCR, the transgene fragments were detected at some time point in both specimens; however, many non-specific amplicons were detected.

Conclusions

These results indicate that transgene fragments evaluated after each injection method of naked plasmids were detected in whole-blood and stool DNA samples. These findings may facilitate the development of methods for detecting gene doping.
Campsites, forest fires, and entry point distance affect earthworm abundance in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness
Authors: Wellnitz Todd , Barlow Jenna L. , Dick Cory M. , Shaurette Terrance R. , Johnson Brian M. , Wesley Troy , Weiher Evan
Published: February 2020

Factors controlling the spread of invasive earthworms in Minnesota’s Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness are poorly known. Believed to have been introduced by anglers who use them as bait, invasive earthworms can alter the physical and chemical properties of soil and modify forest plant communities. To examine factors influencing earthworm distribution and abundance, we sampled 38 islands across five lakes to assess the effects of campsites, fire and entry point distance on earthworm density, biomass and species richness. We hypothesized that all three parameters would be greater on islands with campsites, lower on burned islands and would decrease with distance from the wilderness entry point. In addition to sampling earthworms, we collected soil cores to examine soil organic matter and recorded ground and vegetation cover. Campsite presence was the single most important factor affecting sampled earthworm communities; density, biomass and species richness were all higher on islands having campsites. Fire was associated with reduced earthworm density, but had no direct effects on earthworm biomass or species richness. Fire influenced earthworm biomass primarily through its negative relationship to groundcover and through an interaction with entry point distance. Entry point distance itself affected earthworm density and biomass. For islands with campsites, earthworm biomass increased with distance from the entry point.