bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Minority Political Representation: Muslim Councilors in Newham and Hackney
Authors: Tatari Eren , Yükleyen Ahmet
Published: October 2013

Scholars have long been intrigued by the role of minority elected officials in representing the interests of their communities. There is an on-going debate on whether distinctive minority agendas exist and whether the existence of minority representatives (descriptive representation) is a necessary condition to secure the representation of minority interests (substantive representation). This article analyzes original interview data to examine these issues through a case study of Muslim city councilors and the dynamics of local government in the Newham and Hackney Borough Councils of London. It finds that the exceptionally high ethnic diversity of Newham with no dominant ethnic group, the lack of racial or religious divides among neighborhoods, and low racial tensions shapes the political culture of the Council, as well as the Muslim councilors, and yields high responsiveness for all minorities. It also finds that non-Muslim councilors play a significant role in the substantive representation of minority interests, including Muslim interests. In contrast, the case study of the Hackney Council reveals that beyond high party fragmentation, ethnicity and religiosity of the Muslim councilors vary widely and hinder effective representation. In addition, their political incorporation is low, and the leadership positions they hold seem to have symbolic rather than substantive impact. The political behavior and representative styles of Muslim councilors reveal a balancing perspective, whereby they advocate for group interests with a more moderate tone. These factors account for the low government responsiveness to Muslim interests in Hackney.
Remote Sensing for Landslide Investigations: From Research into Practice
Authors: Scaioni Marco
Published: October 2013

The relevant impact [1] that landslide geo-hazards may have on society in terms of human lives and economic losses, has resulted in great efforts to develop sustainable solutions to deal with their prediction and mitigation. To date, several aspects have been investigated involving geological and geo-statistical analysis, geotechnical modeling, design of effective mitigation and protection structures, and sensor development [2]. [...]
Evaluation of the Effects of Soil Layer Classification in the Common Land Model on Modeled Surface Variables and the Associated Land Surface Soil Moisture Retrieval Model
Authors: Leng Pei , Song Xiaoning , Li Zhao-Liang , Wang Yawei
Published: October 2013

Land surface soil moisture (SSM) is crucial in research and applications in hydrology, ecology, and meteorology. A novel SSM retrieval model, based on the diurnal cycles of land surface temperature (LST) and net surface shortwave radiation (NSSR), has recently been reported. It suggests a promising avenue for the retrieval of regional SSM using LST and NSSR derived from geostationary satellites in a future development. As part of a further improvement of previous work, effects of soil layer classification in the Common Land Model (CoLM) on modeled LST, NSSR and the associated SSM retrieval model in particular, have been evaluated. To address this issue, the soil profile has been divided in to three layers, named upper layer (0–0.05 m), root layer (0.05–1.30 m) and bottom layer (1.30–2.50 m). By varying the number of soil layers with the three layer zones, nine different soil layer classifications have been performed in the CoLM to produce simulated data. Results indicate that (1) modeled SSM is less sensitive to soil layer classification while modeled LST and NSSR are sensitive, especially under wet conditions and (2) the simulated data based SSM retrieval model is stable for a fixed upper layer with varying classifications of root and bottom layers. It also concludes an optimal soil layer classification for the CoLM while producing simulated data to develop the SSM retrieval model.
Time-Space Variability of Chlorophyll-a and Associated Physical Variables within the Region off Central-Southern Chile
Authors: Morales Carmen , Hormazabal Samuel , Andrade Isabel , Correa-Ramirez Marco
Published: October 2013

Time-space fluctuations of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) within the region off central-southern Chile (33–42°S), and their association with meteorological-oceanographic conditions, were analyzed using satellite time series data (2002–2012). The mean distribution of moderate values of Chl-a (~0.5 mg∙m−3) in the northern section (33–38°S) extended out to ~200 km of the coast whereas they were restricted to a narrower band in the southern section (38–42°S). Mean wind stress and wind stress curl were upwelling favorable for most part of the year in the northern section whereas upwelling-downwelling periods were distinct in the southern section. The dominant frequency of Chl-a variability in the coastal zone and the coastal transition zone was annual, as it was for the rest of the variables, except in a transitional band between these zones and where a semi-permanent jet is located. At the annual frequency, the alongshore distribution of coastal Chl-a presented strong discontinuities, with minimum values around upwelling centers (~37 and 40°S) and higher values (> 2 mg∙m−3) in between. Also at the annual frequency, correlation analyses suggest that Ekman transport and Ekman pumping might act synchronously to extend the offshore distribution of the highest Chl-a values during the spring-summer period whereas mesoscale activity appears to contribute to Chl-a increases in the coastal transition zone. Sea surface temperature does not appear to be associated with the annual cycle of Chl-a in the coastal zone and in the coastal transition zone it might be linked to Chl-a variability through the effects of internal waves.
Behaviour of Zinc Complexes and Zinc Sulphide Nanoparticles Revealed by Using Screen Printed Electrodes and Spectrometry
Authors: Nejdl Lukas , Ruttkay-Nedecky Branislav , Kudr Jiří , Kremplova Monika , Cernei Natalia , Prasek Jan , Konecna Marie , Hubalek Jaromir , Zitka Ondrej , Kynicky Jindrich , Kopel Pavel , Kizek Rene , Adam Vojtech
Published: October 2013

In this study, we focused on microfluidic electrochemical analysis of zinc complexes (Zn(phen)(his)Cl2, Zn(his)Cl2) and ZnS quantum dots (QDs) using printed electrodes. This method was chosen due to the simple (easy to use) instrumentation and variable setting of flows. Reduction signals of zinc under the strictly defined and controlled conditions (pH, temperature, flow rate, accumulation time and applied potential) were studied. We showed that the increasing concentration of the complexes (Zn(phen)(his)Cl2, Zn(his)Cl2) led to a decrease in the electrochemical signal and a significant shift of the potential to more positive values. The most likely explanation of this result is that zinc is strongly bound in the complex and its distribution on the electrode is very limited. Changing the pH from 3.5 to 5.5 resulted in a significant intensification of the Zn(II) reduction signal. The complexes were also characterized by UV/VIS spectrophotometry, chromatography, and ESI-QTOF mass spectrometry.
Integration of Utilities Infrastructures in a Future Internet Enabled Smart City Framework
Authors: Sánchez Luis , Elicegui Ignacio , Cuesta Javier , Muñoz Luis , Lanza Jorge
Published: October 2013

Improving efficiency of city services and facilitating a more sustainable development of cities are the main drivers of the smart city concept. Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) play a crucial role in making cities smarter, more accessible and more open. In this paper we present a novel architecture exploiting major concepts from the Future Internet (FI) paradigm addressing the challenges that need to be overcome when creating smarter cities. This architecture takes advantage of both the critical communications infrastructures already in place and owned by the utilities as well as of the infrastructure belonging to the city municipalities to accelerate efficient provision of existing and new city services. The paper highlights how FI technologies create the necessary glue and logic that allows the integration of current vertical and isolated city services into a holistic solution, which enables a huge forward leap for the efficiency and sustainability of our cities. Moreover, the paper describes a real-world prototype, that instantiates the aforementioned architecture, deployed in one of the parks of the city of Santander providing an autonomous public street lighting adaptation service. This prototype is a showcase on how added-value services can be seamlessly created on top of the proposed architecture.
A Highly Sensitive Refractometric Sensor Based on Cascaded SiN Microring Resonators
Authors: Zamora Vanessa , Lützow Peter , Weiland Martin , Pergande Daniel
Published: October 2013

We investigate a highly sensitive optical sensor based on two cascaded microring resonators exploiting the Vernier effect. The architecture consists of two microrings with a slight difference in their free spectral ranges. This allows the generation of the Vernier effect for achieving ultra-high sensitivities. The sensor chip was fabricated using a silicon nitride platform and characterized with isopropanol/ethanol mixtures. A sensitivity of 0.95 nm/% was found for isopropanol concentrations in ethanol ranging from 0% to 10%. Furthermore, a collection of measurements was carried out using aqueous sodium chloride (NaCl) in solutions of different concentrations, confirming a high sensitivity of 10.3 nm/% and a bulk refractive index sensitivity of 6,317 nm/RIU. A limit of detection of 3.16 ´ 10−6 RIU was determined. These preliminary results show the potential features of cascaded silicon nitride microring resonators for real-time and free-label monitoring of biomolecules for a broad range of applications.
Selecting Sustainable Drainage Structures Based on Ecosystem Service Variables Estimated by Different Stakeholder Groups
Authors: Scholz Miklas , Uzomah Vincent , Almuktar Suhad , Radet-Taligot Julie
Published: October 2013

In times of recession, expert systems supporting environmental managers undergo a revival. However, the retrofitting of sustainable water structures is currently undertaken ad hoc using engineering experience supported by minimal formal guidance. There is a lack of practical decision tools that can be used by different professions for the rapid assessment of ecosystem services that can be created when retrofitting water structures. Thus the aim was to develop an innovative decision support tool based on the rapid estimation of novel ecosystem service variables at low cost and acceptable uncertainty. The tool proposes the retrofitting of those sustainable drainage systems that obtained the highest ecosystem services score for a specific urban site subject to professional bias. The estimation of variables was undertaken with high confidence and manageable error at low cost. In comparison to common public opinion, statistically significant differences between social scientists and the general public for the estimation of land costs using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U-test were found. It was also surprising to find no significant differences in the estimation of habitat for species by civil engineers and ecologists. The new methodology may lead to an improvement of the existing urban landscape by promoting ecosystem services.
Control of Olfactory Ensheathing Cell Behaviors by Electrospun Silk Fibroin Fibers
Authors: Fan Zhihai , Shen Yixin , Zhang Feng , Zuo Baoqi , Lu Qiang , Wu Peng , Xie Zonggang , Dong Qirong , Zhang Huanxiang
Published: October 2013

Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), the only glial cell type that normally penetrates the transition zone between the peripheral and central nervous systems, are one of the most promising candidates for cell transplantation in repairing spinal cord injury (SCI). However, we must manipulate and regulate OECs' behavior to make these cells effective in cell transplantation. In the present study, we assessed the response of rat OECs to different variants of nanofibrous silk fibroin mats with regard to cell morphology, adhesion, proliferation, and migration and the related gene and protein expression. Results showed that OECs adhere and spread more easily on Tussah silk fibroin (TSF) fibers than Bombyx mori silk fibroin fibers, resulting in a higher rate of cell proliferation and gene and protein expression, examined by RT-PCR and ELISA. In addition, the morphology of OECs on microfibers is mainly polygonal with short protrusions, whereas the OECs on nanofibers exhibit a bipolar shape with long protrusions that align along the fibers, especially when aligned fibers are employed. Moreover, OECs on silk fibroin nanofibers migrate more efficiently than those on poly-l-lysine (PLL). Based on the experimental results, the morphology, adhesion, spread, gene and protein expression, and migration of OECs could be modulated and regulated by adjusting the contents and structure of silk fibroin nanofibers, shedding light on the control of OECs' behavior in nerve tissue engineering and thus the future therapeutic intervention for nerve repair after injury. This manuscript is published as part of the International Association of Neurorestoratology (IANR) supplement issue of Cell Transplantation.
Isolation and characterization of novel EST‐derived genic markers in Pisum sativum (Fabaceae)
Authors: Jain Shalu , McPhee Kevin E.
Published: October 2013

• Premise of the study: Novel markers were developed for pea (Pisum sativum) from pea expressed sequence tags (ESTs) having significant homology to Medicago truncatula gene sequences to investigate genetic diversity, linkage mapping, and cross‐species transferability.

• Methods and Results: Seventy‐seven EST‐derived genic markers were developed through comparative mapping between M. truncatula and P. sativum in which 75 markers produced PCR products and 33 were polymorphic among 16 pea genotypes.

• Conclusions: The novel markers described here will be useful for future genetic studies of P. sativum; their amplification in lentil (Lens culinaris) demonstrates their potential for use in closely related species.
Characterization of microsatellite markers for the vulnerable grassland forb Senecio macrocarpus (Asteraceae)
Authors: Ahrens Collin W. , James Elizabeth A.
Published: October 2013

• Premise of the study: Development of microsatellite markers for the vulnerable forb Senecio macrocarpus was performed to begin an assessment of its population structure and breeding method to aid in the conservation of the species in Victoria, Australia.

• Methods and Results: Fifteen microsatellite markers were developed for S. macrocarpus from 454 pyrosequencing. The markers were tested on 104 individuals from four populations. The markers produced between two and seven alleles per locus while the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.20 to 0.67 and the observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.00 to 1.00. The observed heterozygosity is suggestive that the populations may be apomictic.

• Conclusions: The microsatellite markers developed for S. macrocarpus are intended to be used on future studies that aim to assess the population genetics and local breeding dynamics of the species with an emphasis on conservation.
Synthesis, characterization and luminescence studies of gold(I)–NHC amide complexes
Authors: Gómez-Suárez Adrián , Nelson David J , Thompson David G , Cordes David B , Graham Duncan , Slawin Alexandra M Z , Nolan Steven P
Published: October 2013

A flexible, efficient and straightforward methodology for the synthesis of N-heterocyclic carbene gold(I)–amide complexes is reported. Reaction of the versatile building block [Au(OH)(IPr)] (1) (IPr = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene) with a series of commercially available (hetero)aromatic amines leads to the synthesis of several [Au(NRR’)(IPr)] complexes in good yields and with water as the sole byproduct. Interestingly, these complexes present luminescence properties. UV–vis and fluorescence measurements have allowed the identification of their excitation and emission wavelengths (λmax). These studies revealed that by selecting the appropriate amine ligand the emission can be easily tuned to achieve a variety of colors, from violet to green.
Synthesis of axially chiral gold complexes and their applications in asymmetric catalyses
Authors: Sun Yin-wei , Xu Qin , Shi Min
Published: October 2013

Several novel chiral N-heterocyclic carbene and phosphine ligands were prepared from (S)-BINOL. Moreover, their ligated Au complexes were also successfully synthesized and characterized by X-ray crystal diffraction. A weak gold-π interaction between the Au atom and the aromatic ring in these gold complexes was identified. Furthermore, we confirmed the formation of a pair of diastereomeric isomers in NHC gold complexes bearing an axially chiral binaphthyl moiety derived from the hindered rotation around C–C and C–N bonds. In the asymmetric intramolecular hydroamination reaction most of these chiral Au(I) complexes showed good catalytic activities towards olefins tethered with a NHTs functional group to give the corresponding product in moderate yields and up to 29% ee.
GREEN ARCHITECTURE PARADIGM: FROM URBAN UTOPIA TO MODERN METHODS OF QUALITY ASSESSMENT / ŽALIOSIOS ARCHITEKTŪROS PARADIGMA: NUO URBANISTIINĖS UTOPIJOS IKI ŠIUOLAIKINIŲ TVARUMO VERTINIMO METODIKŲ
Authors: Stauskis Gintaras
Published: October 2013

Trends of environmental, social and economic development in the modern world are driving forward the theory and practice of Green Building with important role for architecture and architects. The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the Green Building doctrine and its historic background based on a review of main ideas of Green Architecture including its historic roots, as well as modern theories and practices of contemporary system of sustainability. Complex quality assessment methodologies developed in different regions of the world to evaluate environmental, social, economic and creative features of new and renovated buildings and urban complexes are analyzed in order to identify the most effective and advanced tools and methods. The importance of sustainability aspects is presented by a comparative analysis of basic features of building’s quality assessment methods originated in different countries and regions, as it reveals the structure and weight impact of different evaluation methods. The article also addresses the impact of Green Architecture theories and assessment methods on architectural practice by analyzing outstanding case studies in urban design, landscape architecture and volumetric building design. Santrauka Straipsnyje nagrinėjama žaliosios architektūros paradigmos raida skirtingais miestų filosofijos ir architektūros teorijos laikotarpiais, pateikiama daug nuoseklios idėjos raidos pavyzdžių nuo 19 a. pabaigos iki 20 a. vidurio. Materialiosios aplinkos, miestų ir pastatų tvarumas vertinamas pagal nustatytus kriterijus, naudojamus skirtinguose pasaulio regionuose nuo 20 a. pabaigos. Pateikiama skirtingų tvarumo nustatymo ir vertinimo aspektų analizė išryškina dominuojančius aspektus, taip pat parodo skirtingų tvarumo nustatymo metodų būdingus bruožus. Tyrimo išvadose nurodomi žaliosios architektūros platesnio įdiegimo Lietuvoje būdai: specialistų mokymas ir profesionalių architektų profesinis tobulėjimas, skirtingose statybos proceso grandyse dirbančių specialistų pajėgų konsolidavimas, įstatymų ir reglamentų bazės tobulinimas, numatant ekonomines ir kitas paskatas žaliosios architektūros principus taikantiems vystytojams. Straispsnis anglų kalba.
INFORMATION ON RESOURCES AVAILABLE ON THE LAND LOT FOR INTEGRATED BUILDING DESIGN / SKLYPO ENERGINIŲ IŠTEKLIŲ INFORMACIJA INTEGRUOTAI PROJEKTUOJANT PASTATĄ
Authors: Martinaitis Vytautas , Žėkas Vygantas
Published: October 2013

The most progress in the area of the sustainable building policy and its implementation has been achieved in certain regions by the Building Certification System regulations such as Passivhaus (Germany) and LEED (U.S). These solutions are similar to the more widely discussed and already applied concepts: the Integrated Whole Building Design (IWBD) and Building Information Modeling (BIM). Although it may sound trivial, it is vital to acknowledge and understand that a building is an integral component of the land lot. In the stage of development of a building concept, it usually lacks a versatile and professional assessment of available resources, especially those of renewable energy. It is suggested at the beginning of the IWBD concept to conduct such assessment on the resources available and more specifically focusing on renewable energy. The assessment should also meet the expectations of the building’s owner to use effectively the potential of all possible solutions. Thus a certificate is drawn up, defining all the resources available for the particular lot. The structure of the certificate data is orientated towards the possibility of designing modern renewable energy technologies, according to their performance under changing weather conditions during the year. Such assessment certificates contribute to shaping the concept of the building and allow achieving the highest level of its sustainability.

Article in Lithuanian.

Santrauka

Didžiausios pažangos įgyvendinant tvarių pastatų politiką pasiekusios šalys, regionai jau parengę ir praktiškai taiko tam skirtus reglamentus, pastatų sertifikavimo sistemas (Pasive Haus – Vokietija, LEED – JAV ir kt.). Juos atitinka vis plačiau diskutuojamos ir jau taikomos viso pastato integruoto projektavimo (VPIP/IWBD, Integrated Whole Building Design – angl.) ir pastato informacinio modeliavimo (PIM/BIM, Building Information Modeling – angl.) koncepcijos. Nors tai skamba trivialiai, bet pastatas yra neatsiejamas nuo sklypo: t. y. stokoja savalaikio, įvairiapusiško ir profesionalaus sklype disponuojamų išteklių, ypač atsinaujinančios energijos, įvertinimo. Pirmame VPIP etape, kuris baigiasi projekto koncepcijos sukūrimu, siūloma atlikti sklypo disponuojamų išteklių, visų pirma atsinaujinančios energijos, pastato savininko lūkesčius atitinkančių jų naudojimo galimybių įvertinimą. Tam parengiamas sklypo disponuojamų išteklių sertifikatas. Jo duomenų struktūra orientuota į galimybę projektuoti šiuolaikines atsinaujinančios energijos technologijas, atsižvelgiant į jų veikimą per metus besikeičiant klimato sąlygoms. Tokie vertinimai padėtų kuriant pastato koncepciją ir leistų pasiekti aukštesnio lygio darnos. Po kelių metų su taip projektuojamais pastatais galima prieiti prie kitokio pastato koncepcijos, sprendinių, išvaizdos ir vertės supratimo.
EMERGENCE OF ECOLOGICAL PLANNING ABROAD AND IN LITHUANIA / EKOLOGIŠKO PLANAVIMO GALIMYBĖS UŽSIENYJE IR LIETUVOJE
Authors: Mačiukėnaitė Justina , Gudzinevičiūtė Giedrė
Published: October 2013

Abstract In the 21st century it is sought to go from overuse and wasting to temperate and abstemious use. Not without reason such terms as ‘sustainable’ and ‘eco-’ are more and more visible and emphasized in all spheres of human activity, including architecture and urban planning. Loud words ‘eco quarter’, ‘eco neighborhood’, ‘eco city’ and similar recently have expanded from theory to practice – in building and territory planning. Ecology principles, such as sustainable transport, water, materials, zero waste, land use culture, satisfaction about the living environment and else, may be understood, valuated and used very widely – from ecological living, farming and manufacturing to ecological planning. Of course, all these aspects are quite easily understood in theory and it is possible to image them in new and currently built towns, but quite hard in historical objects. Santrauka XXI amžiuje bandoma nuo perdėto vartojimo ir švaistymo pereiti prie nuosaikaus ir saikingo vartojimo. Neveltui „sustainable“ ir „eco“ terminai vis labiau girdimi ir akcentuojami visose žmogų liečiančiose srityse, taip pat ir architektūroje bei urbanistinio planavimo srityje. Skambūs žodžiai „eco quarter“, „eco neighbourhood“, „eco city“ ir kiti pastaruoju metu išsiveržė iš teorinės plotmės į praktinę – teritorijų, pastatų planavimo sritį ir po truputį įgauna realų pavidalą. Ekologiniai principai, tokie kaip darnus transportas, vanduo, medžiagos, nulinė tarša, žemės naudojimo kultūra, pasitenkinimas gyvenamąja aplinka ir t. t., gali būti suprantami, vertinami ir naudojami labai plačiai – nuo ekologiškos gyvensenos, gamybos, ūkininkavimo iki ekologiško planavimo. Žinoma, visus šiuos aspektus lengva suvokti teorinėje plotmėje, įmanoma įsivaizduoti naujai kuriamuose miestuose ar jų dalyse, naujai statomuose pastatuose, tačiau gan sudėtinga sukurti jau pastatytuose ir seniai naudojamuose objektuose. Straipsnis anglų kalba.
IDEALS OF CITY PLANING IN THE SOVIET PERIOD / SOVIETINIO PERIODO MIESTŲ PLANAVIMO IDEALAI
Authors: Šiupšinskas Matas , Cicėnaitė Ieva
Published: October 2013

The text is focused on ideals and values hidden under the Soviet period city planning. Soviet urban planning visions of the first half of the 20th century were balancing between naive fiction and visionary concepts. Of course, the industrial building methods and functionalist city models were present not only in the Soviet Union, but in this country especially they were transformed and adapted to the specific political and social situation. Economic aspects dominated the city planning of the Soviet era, but transformations of cities on such a scale were impossible without utopian thought. Visions by soviet architects and planners have already become a part of the legend of mass housing, still not properly discussed. Article in Lithuanian. Santrauka Tekste žvelgiama į idealus bei vertybes, kadaise slypėjusias už sovietinio periodo miestų planavimo. Drąsios ateities miestų vizijos, balansuojančios ant naivios fikcijos ir vizionieriško mąstymo ribos, darė įtaką socialistinio planavimo praktikai. Nors industriniai statybos metodai ir funkcionalistinis miesto modelis nėra tik Sovietų Sąjungai būdingas reiškinys, tačiau čia jis buvo transformuotas ir pritaikytas konkrečiai politinei ir socialinei situacijai. Nepaisant ekonominių ir praktinių aspektų dominavimo statybos procesuose, stambaus masto miestų transformacijos nebuvo galimos nepasitelkus utopinio mąstymo. Sovietinių architektų ir planuotojų vizijos yra masinės statybos legendos dalis, apie kurią nėra pakankamai kalbama.
EVALUATION OF LIVONIAN VILLAGE LANDSCAPES IN LATVIA / LATVIJOS LIVONIJOS KAIMŲ KRAŠTOVAIZDŽIO VERTINIMAS
Authors: Nitavska Natalija , Draudina Ilze
Published: October 2013

Latvian landscape identity is related to many territories, but as far as the coastal landscapes are concerned, they have some special features. It is important to note that due to storms and coastal erosion living conditions here are frustrating. However the coastal area has some positive magnetism, which is often related to unusual natural conditions, a special aura and unique feelings, because the coastal area is unique on the Latvian scale. One of such places is the Livonian coast. For detailed evaluation of eleven Livonian villages, the method of analysis of the existing situation has been chosen, which also includes the evaluation of the village yard, buildings and infrastructure. The quality and condition evaluation method for rural villages with low level of development by F. G. L. Gremliza (1965) has been also applied as a basis for this evaluation method. Then, according to the results obtained, the villages have been compared and classified. In addition to this, using the evaluation of each rural yard it is possible to mark valuable structures and typical rural yards in the schematic model of the Livonian coast. Santrauka Latvijos kraštovaizdžio identitetas siejasi su daugeliu teritorijų, visgi labiausiai – su pajūrio kraštu. Būtina pabrėžti, kad dėl audrų ir kranto erozijos gyvenimo sąlygos yra apsunkintos. Tačiau pajūrio kraštas turi pozityvios traukos, siejamos su neįprastomis gamtinėmis sąlygomis, ypatinga aura ir unikaliais pojūčiais, ir tampa išskirtiniu Latvijoje. Viena iš tokių vietų – Livonijos pajūris. Vienuolika Livonijos kaimų yra detaliai įvertinti taikant esamos situacijos analizės metodą, pagrindinį dėmesį skiriant kaimo sodybų pastatų, kiemų ir infrastruktūros tyrimui. Šio vertinimo metodo pagrindas yra menkai išvystytų kaimų kokybės ir sąlygų vertinimo metodas, sukurtas F. G. L. Gremliza (1965). Kaimai yra lyginami ir klasifikuojami pagal gautus rezultatus. Taip pat pagal kiekvienos sodybos vertinimą galima išskirti vertingus ir tipinius elementus Livonijos pajūrio schematiškame modelyje
WATERMILL AND SMALL-SCALE HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT LANDSCAPES ASSESSED ACCORDING TO ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS / VANDENS MALŪNŲ IR MAŽŲJŲ HIDROELEKTRINIŲ KRAŠTOVAIZDŽIO VERTINIMAS EKOLOGINIAIS ASPEKTAIS
Authors: Lazdāne Lilita
Published: October 2013

Research of watermill and small-scale hydroelectric power plant (HPP) landscapes in Latvia according to ecological aspects is a part of a more complex research. The aim of this research is to examine the existing situation of watermill and small-scale HPP landscapes in Latvia by applying the ecological assessment criteria, and then try to formulate a definition of common tendencies of the landscape character. This paper provides a landscape inventory matrix for research in the field studies of landscape identification at the local planning level. The duration of the research was from 2010 to 2012. The research includes 42 territories starting with the three most densely developed areas in Latvia: in Latgale, Kurzeme and Vidzeme uplands distribution ranges. The research results reflect tendencies of the landscape features assessed according to the previously developed criteria of ecological aspects.

Santrauka

Latvijos vandens malūnų ir mažųjų hidroelektrinių kraštovaizdžio vertinimo ekologiniais aspektais tyrimas yra kompleksinio tyrimo dalis. Tyrimo tikslas yra įvertinti esamą vandens malūnų ir mažųjų hidroelektrinių kraštovaizdžio situaciją ekologiniais aspektais ir išryškinti bendrąsias kraštovaizdžio charakterio tendencijas. Straipsnyje atspindėta kraštovaizdžio inventorizavimo matrica kraštovaizdžiui identifikuoti planavimo lygmeniu. Tyrimas atliktas 2010–2012 metais. Tyrimas apima 42 teritorijas, išsidėsčiusias trijose tankiausiai apgyvendintose Latvijos dalyse: Latgaloje, Kuržemėje ir Vidžemėje. Remiantis anksčiau suformuluotais kriterijais kraštovaizdžiui tirti ekologiškumo aspektais, tyrimo rezultatai atskleidžia tam tikras tendencijas.
Digitizing Methods in Regeneration of Masonry Castles
Authors: Genytė Inga
Published: October 2013

In monitoring, preservation and regeneration of masonry architectural heritage modern digital technologies increase performance speed and quality. In rehabilitation of masonry castles an important role is played by the digital technologies, such as laser scanning, photogrammetry, photography, two-dimensional design (2D) and three-dimensional design (3D). Fairly accurate view of the future and perceived space, restored interior and exterior details is created with the help of some or all of these technologies. Formation of the restored castle’s vision is also influenced by its urban environment, preserved authentic material and even modern heritage conservation theory. This article provides an overview of digitization techniques and their variations based on approved foreign materials and practices used in the process of masonry castles regeneration.
Le football et la fabrique des territoires
Authors: Sorez Julien
Published: October 2013

Résumé Alors que les travaux consacrés à l’histoire du sport ont essentiellement appréhendé le développement des infrastructures sportives à partir de l’action des pouvoirs publics, cet article envisage de reconsidérer la manière dont s’opère dans le département de la Seine sous la Troisième République la production d’un espace des sports à partir de l’exemple du football. En s’appuyant sur la notion de territoire, cette étude essaie de comprendre comment les espaces de pratique associative ou informelle, les lieux de sociabilité ou encore les lieux de mémoire associative participent à la production, à l’identification et à la légitimation d’un espace des sports.
Judaïsme et politique étrangère
Authors: Coppolani Antoine
Published: October 2013

Résumé Henry Kissinger fut le premier secrétaire d’État des États-Unis de confession juive, à un moment crucial de l’histoire du conflit israélo-arabe (guerre du Yom Kippour, amorce du processus de paix). En quoi la judéité de Kissinger a-t-elle affecté ou non son rapport à la politique étrangère ? En quoi fut-il, ou non, influencé par les Israéliens ou par les juifs américains ?
Les États-Unis et le Vatican dans les années 1980
Authors: Gayte Marie
Published: October 2013

Résumé Après une apparente distanciation entre Washington et le Vatican dans les années 1960 et 1970 du fait du dialogue mené par ce dernier avec le bloc soviétique, les années 1980 ont parfois été perçues comme le théâtre d’une alliance entre les États-Unis et le Vatican, tous deux dirigés par des hommes fortement opposés à l’idéologie communiste. Pourtant, il convient de nuancer cette vision à la lumière des archives. Si les circonstances et les préoccupations parfois communes de Ronald Reagan et Jean-Paul II ont pu s’avérer propices à une certaine forme de coopération, cette dernière ne fut en rien systématique. Bien au contraire, l’analyse géopolitique de Jean-Paul II se révéla souvent fort éloignée de celle de son supposé allié, Ronald Reagan.
La poursuite de la répression anti-avortement après Vichy
Authors: Cahen Fabrice , Capuano Christophe
Published: October 2013

Résumé En nombre d’affaires, l’apogée de la répression de l’avortement se situe à la Libération et non sous le régime de Vichy. Plusieurs voies explicatives sont dégagées pour rendre compte de cette donnée contre-intuitive. Tout d’abord, la volonté, manifestée par l’administration centrale de la Famille et les natalistes, de proroger l’action répressive menée sous l’Occupation. Ensuite, la progressive spécialisation des méthodes policières dans ce type d’affaires, qui porte particulièrement ses fruits entre 1944 et 1946. Enfin, il s’agit d’explorer le maintien, au sortir de la guerre, de pratiques délatrices répandues sous Vichy et relancées dans le contexte de l’épuration sauvage. Celles-ci restent à l’origine de la majorité des dossiers à la Libération. On explique leur importance en montrant combien elles sont encouragées par certains services de police qui œuvrent de concert avec des magistrats et des médecins farouchement impliquées dans la lutte contre l’avortement.
Pratiques illégales de l'avortement dans les années 68 à Dijon et à Saint-Étienne
Authors: Rameau Pauline
Published: October 2013

Résumé Si le Mouvement pour la libération de l’avortement et de la contraception (MLAC) est désormais bien analysé dans ses déclinaisons nationales et parisiennes, l’histoire de ses groupes locaux demeure relativement méconnue. Pourtant, ces derniers permettent de comprendre de façon concrète comment les pratiques illégales de l’avortement s’organisaient dans les villes françaises dans les années 1968, et sur quels réseaux ils ont pu s’appuyer, ce que cet article tente d’appréhender à travers les exemples de Dijon et Saint-Étienne. Par là, de nouveaux acteurs et actrices du mouvement apparaissent, certains ayant eu recours aux « services » du MLAC, d’autres gravitant en périphérie des noyaux militants. De fait, ces luttes mobilisent des femmes mais aussi des hommes, et présentent un caractère de masse.
Hybrid Educational Methodology for the Cognitive Domain of Built Heritage Protection Interconnecting Secondary with Tertiary Level Education
Authors: Konstanti Agoritsa , Moropoulou Antonia
Published: October 2013

  Normal 0   false false false        MicrosoftInternetExplorer4  <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; layout-grid-mode: line;" lang="EN-US">In the present work, a hybrid educational methodology has been developed for approaching the cognitive domain of Built Heritage Protection in an interdisciplinary and integrated way. This domain was selected as a pilot one, presenting various remarkable characteristics, such as bringing together STEM subjects with social and human sciences, proving concrete concepts, being attractive for youth, and demanding combination of technical solutions with social aspects. The methodology had the scope to interconnect secondary with tertiary level education for the achievement of the best possible results, as the latter possesses the needed specialised knowledge, expertise and infrastructure. The methodology incorporates problem - based learning, aiming at the effective solution of real and extremely complex problems encountered in monument scale, which is combined with traditional teaching methods, such as lectures, as well as contemporary elements, such as class exercise laboratory experiments, in situ field work, promoting hands - on experience of students. The pilot application and evaluation of the hybrid methodology proved to be a valuable experience for students of secondary level education, which needs to be further exploited and optimised in order to meet the expectations of the interested parties.  

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Two Alternative Strategies for Raising Public Awareness of Science and Technology
Authors: Marques José Couto , Restivo Maria Teresa , Sousa Diana , Pires Raquel , Oliveira Carlos , Delgado Raimundo
Published: October 2013

In todayâ??s knowledge society it is important to keep people informed about emerging technological developments while at the same time providing an accurate scientific and historical framework for such novelties in order to contribute to eradicate existing misconceptions. Dissemination of science and technology is presently essential to convey information within the research communities as well as among the younger generations and the general public. This paper describes two initiatives which pursue this objective by using multimedia tools. One consists in a set of 250 one-minute programs about engineering topics which were broadcast on TV, radio and the multimedia online platform of a daily journal. The other is a collection of videos produced by a research unit in two alternative formats aimed at specialist and general viewers. Both initiatives, based on two very different budgets, may be instrumental for improving the general perception of the role of engineering and for attracting new vocations. The multimedia contents developed are also valuable teaching tools.
Open Learning Approach with Remote Experiments: OLAREX Project
Authors: Garcia-Zubia Javier , Angulo Ignacio , Dziabenko Olga , Orduna Pablo
Published: October 2013

The projectâ??s primary target groups are the European secondary schools. More specifically: secondary school and university teachers, students and managers of schools, museum employees and their visitors, and other STEM education providers. The main goal of the OLAREX project is to offer the providers of formal and non-formal education an efficient way to improve their e-didactic and digital competences. For this purpose a training program is created with using ICT-based learning materials, remote laboratories, and e-learning methodologies
The assaulted (man) on the Jerusalem – Jericho road: Luke’s creative interpretation of 2 Chronicles 28:15
Authors: Scheffler Eben
Published: October 2013

The article takes as a point of departure that the parable of the Good Samaritan was inspired by Luke’s reading of 2 Chronicles 28:15. After introducing the concept of Lucan creative interpretation by referring to other examples in the gospel, it will be argued that a comparison between the texts in question provides a relief for an even better understanding of the parable. Some hermeneutical conclusions will be drawn regarding the concept of ‘creative interpretation’ for the authority of the Bible and its use, the theodicy problem, and the ultimate purpose of the gospel’s emphasis on the marginalised, taking Old Testament motif(s) of beauty into account.
Contextualising biblical exegesis: What is the African biblical hermeneutic approach?
Authors: Nyiawung Mbengu D.
Published: October 2013

This article responded to the question about the right methodology needed for the reconstruction of a viable African Christian theology. It equally contributed an answer to earlier concerns by Appiah-Kubi, Stinton and Nyiawung, who had grappled with an African response to the question of Jesus’ identity: ‘Who do you say I am?’ (Lk 9:20). It also attended to Aben’s remark that Africans contribute minimally to biblical theology especially in the domain of biblical exegesis. Finally, it proposed an African biblical hermeneutic approach, a shift of paradigm from the text, its author as well as its context to the context of the subject of exegesis as a contextual approach of biblical criticism. Three main conclusions emerged from the article, namely, (1) the African context contains enormous potentials that can enhance the understanding and interpretation of biblical texts; (2) from the perspective of biblical interpretation, there is no superior context or culture; and (3) the African biblical hermeneutic approach is a possible route to the development of an authentic African Christian theology.
Vergelyking van die uitwerking van sedentêre en aktiewe werkomgewings op algehele welstand
Authors: Du Toit Peet , Naicker Lee-Anne , Nortje Evangeline , Kleynhans Michael , Ferreira Ronél , Gericke Gerda
Published: October 2013

The concept of wellness has changed over the decades with the ever-changing lifestyle of society as it adapts to technological advances. The contemporary view is that wellness is the primary responsibility of the individual and is accomplished by practising health-promoting behaviour. There are various factors that contribute to wellness in the sense of an individual’s long-term sense of overall well-being. One of the most essential factors is physical activity, and there is a large body of research that explores the benefits of a physically active lifestyle. This article is based on the assumption that the most accurate way to measure these benefits are to compare an active with a sedentary lifestyle. The purpose of this review is to clarify the concept of wellness and highlight the benefits of a physically active working environment as opposed to the disadvantages of a sedentary environment in attaining overall wellbeing.
The evaluation of two rotary instrumentation techniques under "operator-related variables" standardized conditions
Authors: Uzun Ozgur , Topuz Ozgur , Yalpi Fatma , Unsal Feyza , Aydin Cumhur , Bodrumlu Emre
Published: October 2013

Objective: We aimed here to evaluate the enlargement characteristics of two nickel-titanium rotary instrument systems that use two different preparation techniques, in simulated root canals under "operator-related variables" standardized conditions. Materials and Methods: A total of 40 simulated canals in resin blocks were divided into two groups as the Mtwo group for use with a single-length technique and the ProTaper instrument system group for use with crown down technique. To standardize the operator-related variables, all preparations were carried out with a computer controlled device that was developed and used previously as described in a published study. The pre- and post-operative digital images of the canals were superimposed and measured at 11 levels from the apical tip. The distances between the pre- and post-operative outer lines of the root canals were measured at both the inner and outer sides of the curve. The amount of removed material and the symmetry of the preparations were evaluated. Statistical analyses were performed with Mann-Whitney test. Results: Significantly more material was removed by Mtwo at 9 levels and by ProTaper at 2 levels (P < 0.05) while no significant difference was determined at 11 levels. The preparations made with ProTaper were more symmetrical at 4 levels while no significant difference was determined at 7 levels. Conclusions: Mtwo removed significantly more material than ProTaper at different levels of the curved root canals. Mtwo and ProTaper made symmetrical preparations and maintained the original shape of the root canal at different levels under controlled operator-related variables.
A three - dimensional finite element study on the stress distribution pattern of two prosthetic abutments for external hexagon implants
Authors: Moreira Wagner , Hermann Caio , Pereira Jucélio Tomás , Balbinoti Jean Anacleto , Tiossi Rodrigo
Published: October 2013

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mechanical behavior of two different straight prosthetic abutments (one- and two-piece) for external hex butt-joint connection implants using three-dimensional finite element analysis (3D-FEA). Materials and Methods: Two 3D-FEA models were designed, one for the two-piece prosthetic abutment (2 mm in height, two-piece mini-conical abutment, Neodent) and another one for the one-piece abutment (2 mm in height, Slim Fit one-piece mini-conical abutment, Neodent), with their corresponding screws and implants (Titamax Ti, 3.75 diameter by 13 mm in length, Neodent). The model simulated the single restoration of a lower premolar using data from a computerized tomography of a mandible. The preload (20 N) after torque application for installation of the abutment and an occlusal loading were simulated. The occlusal load was simulated using average physiological bite force and direction (114.6 N in the axial direction, 17.1 N in the lingual direction and 23.4 N toward the mesial at an angle of 75° to the occlusal plan). Results: The regions with the highest von Mises stress results were at the bottom of the initial two threads of both prosthetic abutments that were tested. The one-piece prosthetic abutment presented a more homogeneous behavior of stress distribution when compared with the two-piece abutment. Conclusions: Under the simulated chewing loads, the von Mises stresses for both tested prosthetic-abutments were within the tensile strength values of the materials analyzed which thus supports the clinical use of both prosthetic abutments.
The validation of a novel index assessing canine impactions
Authors: Kau Chung How , Lee John J. , Souccar Nada M.
Published: October 2013

Aim: The aims of this study are to determine the level of agreement of orthodontists in the management of impacted maxillary canines and test this agreement against a novel three-dimensional (3D) classification system (KPG index). Materials and Methods: A total of 55 clinicians evaluated 18 impacted maxillary canines of variable complexity. For each case, they used a panoramic and maxillary standard occlusal radiographs derived from cone beam computed tomography. Clinicians were asked to rate each canine in one of four categories: Easy, moderate, difficult and extremely difficult. The obtained scores were tabulated and compared with a novel index rating the difficulty of canine impactions. Statistical package for the social science 17.0 was used to analyze the datasets and the kappa score was used to determine levels of agreement. Results: The kappa score was 0.437. The levels of agreement in the novel index and the clinician scoring were as follows; easy (62.73%), moderate (60.59%), difficult (61.80%) and extremely difficult (72.72%). Conclusions: The following conclusions can be drawn from this study: (1) Clinicians are variable in rating the complexity of canine impactions using traditional radiographic techniques. (2) The novel index shows a good level of agreement with the clinician′s perception of difficulty in orthodontic cases especially at the extremes of the spectrum. (3) This index based on the 3D coordinates of the spatial arrangement of the canine may be incorporated into clinical practice.