bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A 4D chaotic system with four-wing attractors and hidden extreme multistability
Authors: Li Lingyun , Kong Degui , Chai Zhijun , Wang Yunxia
Published: May 2023

In this paper, a novel four-wing chaotic system is constructed based on the Sprott-A system. The novel system contains three nonlinearly quadratic terms, which have rich dynamics such as four-wing hidden attractors, hidden extreme multistability and transient transitions. It is found that this system has high complexity by spectral entropy analysis. In addition, a corresponding hardware analog circuit is designed based on this system by operational amplifiers and multipliers. The experimental results agree with those of the theoretical analysis and confirm that this system is practically feasible. This system will have a good application value in secure communication and cryptography.
Electronic, thermal and optical properties of Fm-3m HgF2 material: A DFT approach
Authors: Vaghela M. V. , Raval Dhara , Babariya Bindiya , Gajjar P. N.
Published: May 2023

In this paper, Fm-3m structure of HgF2 has been studied using the density functional theorem (DFT). The stability of this structure is revealed by the positive phonon frequencies of the phonon dispersion curves and by satisfying Born Huang criteria concerned with elasticity of the structure. For the very first time, the elastic constants C[Formula: see text], C[Formula: see text] and C[Formula: see text] of Fm-3m structure of HgF2 have been explored using thermo_pw package. The ductile nature of HgF2 is evidenced by its [Formula: see text] ratio of 2.56. The linear response approach has been used to evaluate the intrinsic thermodynamic characteristics of HgF2 while examining the temperature fluctuations of the Helmholtz free energy ([Formula: see text], internal energy ([Formula: see text], specific heat at constant volume (Cv), and Debye temperature ([Formula: see text]. The ionic behavior of HgF2 is demonstrated by the broad valence bandgap that is present in the electronic band structure and density of states. Moreover, the hybridization between “s”, “p”, and “d” orbitals in HgF2 is defined by the charge density along the [110] plane. The static refractive index of HgF2 is 1.26. The broad optical investigation demonstrates Fm-3m HgF2’s transparency in the UV and visible spectrums. Additionally, it exhibits considerable UV absorption throughout its range as well as with absorption tail that continues into the visible spectrum. The overall optical parameters of Fm-3m HgF2 show non-linear optical behavior which makes the material to be useful in ultraviolet (UV) photo-sensing devices.
Nordhaus–Gaddum-Type Results for the Strong Equitable Vertex k-Arboricity of Graphs
Authors: Guo Zhiwei
Published: May 2023

For a graph [Formula: see text] and positive integers [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], a [Formula: see text]-tree-vertex coloring of [Formula: see text] refers to a [Formula: see text]-vertex coloring of [Formula: see text] satisfying every component of each induced subgraph generated by every set of vertices with the same color forms a tree with maximum degree not larger than [Formula: see text], and it is called equitable if the difference between the cardinalities of every pair of sets of vertices with the same color is at most [Formula: see text]. The strong equitable vertex [Formula: see text]-arboricity of [Formula: see text], denoted by [Formula: see text], is defined as the least positive integer [Formula: see text] satisfying [Formula: see text], which admits an equitable [Formula: see text]-tree-vertex coloring for each integer [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text]. The strong equitable vertex [Formula: see text]-arboricity of a graph is very useful in graph theory applications such as load balance in parallel memory systems, constructing timetables and scheduling. In this paper, we present the tight upper and lower bounds on [Formula: see text] for an arbitrary graph [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] vertices and a given integer [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text], and we characterize the extremal graphs [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], respectively. Based on the above extremal results, we further obtain the Nordhaus–Gaddum-type results for [Formula: see text] of graphs [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] vertices for a given integer [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text].
A review of detrital heavy mineral contributions to furthering our understanding of continental crust formation and evolution
Authors: Pereira Inês , van Schijndel Valby , Tedeschi Mahyra , Cutts Kathryn , Guitreau Martin
Published: May 2023

Detrital heavy minerals have helped address geologically complex issues such as the nature and origin of the early terrestrial crust, the growth and evolution of the continental crust, and the onset of plate tectonics, together with palaeogeographic and supercontinent cycles reconstructions. With the advent of
in situ
analytical techniques and a more complete understanding of trace element behaviour in rock-forming and accessory minerals, we have now at our disposal a powerful suite of tools that we can apply to multiple proxies found as detrital minerals. These can be
in situ
dating, trace element or isotopic tracing applied to both mineral hosts and their inclusions. We opted to showcase minerals that occur as primary minerals in a wide range of rock compositions and that can provide reliable age information. Additionally, over recent decades their chemistries have been tested as proxies to understand crustal processes. These are zircon, garnet, apatite, monazite, rutile and titanite. We include an overview and provide some approaches to overcome common biases that specifically affect these minerals. This review brings together petrological, sedimentological and geochemical considerations related to the application of these detrital minerals in crustal evolution studies, highlighting their strengths, limitations and possible future developments.
TinyNS: Platform-aware Neurosymbolic Auto Tiny Machine Learning
Authors: Saha Swapnil Sayan , Sandha Sandeep Singh , Aggarwal Mohit , Wang Brian , Han Liying , Briseno Julian De Gortari , Srivastava Mani
Published: May 2023

Machine learning at the extreme edge has enabled a plethora of intelligent, time-critical, and remote applications. However, deploying interpretable artificial intelligence systems that can perform high-level symbolic reasoning and satisfy the underlying system rules and physics within the tight platform resource constraints is challenging. In this article, we introduce
TinyNS
, the first platform-aware neurosymbolic architecture search framework for joint optimization of symbolic and neural operators.
TinyNS
provides recipes and parsers to automatically write microcontroller code for five types of neurosymbolic models, combining the context awareness and integrity of symbolic techniques with the robustness and performance of machine learning models.
TinyNS
uses a fast, gradient-free, black-box Bayesian optimizer over discontinuous, conditional, numeric, and categorical search spaces to find the best synergy of symbolic code and neural networks within the hardware resource budget. To guarantee deployability,
TinyNS
talks to the target hardware during the optimization process. We showcase the utility of
TinyNS
by deploying microcontroller-class neurosymbolic models through several case studies. In all use cases,
TinyNS
outperforms purely neural or purely symbolic approaches while guaranteeing execution on real hardware.
A Systems Approach to Understanding How Plants Transformed Earth's Environment in Deep Time
Authors: Matthaeus William J. , Macarewich Sophia I. , Richey Jon , Montañez Isabel P. , McElwain Jennifer C. , White Joseph D. , Wilson Jonathan P. , Poulsen Christopher J.
Published: May 2023

Terrestrial plants have transformed Earth's surface environments by altering water, energy, and biogeochemical cycles. Studying vegetation-climate interaction in deep time has necessarily relied on modern-plant analogs to represent paleo-ecosystems—as methods for reconstructing paleo- and, in particular, extinct-plant function were lacking. This approach is potentially compromised given that plant physiology has evolved through time, and some paleo-plants have no clear modern analog. Advancements in the quantitative reconstruction of whole-plant function provide new opportunities to replace modern-plant analogs and capture age-specific vegetation-climate interactions. Here, we review recent investigations of paleo-plant performance through the integration of fossil and geologic data with process-based ecosystem- to Earth system–scale models to explore how early vascular plants responded to and influenced climate. First, we present an argument for characterizing extinct plants in terms of ecological and evolutionary theory to provide a framework for advancing reconstructed vegetation-climate interactions in deep time. We discuss the novel mechanistic understanding provided by applying these approaches to plants of the late Paleozoic ever-wet tropics and at higher latitudes. Finally, we discuss preliminary applications to paleo-plants in a state-of-the-art Earth system model to highlight the potential implications of different plant functional strategies on our understanding of vegetation-climate interactions in deep time.
▪For hundreds of millions of years, plants have been a keystone in maintaining the status of Earth's atmosphere, oceans, and climate.▪Extinct plants have functioned differently across time, limiting our understanding of how processes on Earth interact to produce climate.▪New methods, reviewed here, allow quantitative reconstruction of extinct-plant function based on the fossil record.▪Integrating extinct plants into ecosystem and climate models will expand our understanding of vegetation's role in past environmental change.
Neogene History of the Amazonian Flora: A Perspective Based on Geological, Palynological, and Molecular Phylogenetic Data
Authors: Hoorn Carina , Lohmann Lúcia G. , Boschman Lydian M. , Condamine Fabien L.
Published: May 2023

The Amazon hosts one of the largest and richest rainforests in the world, but its origins remain debated. Growing evidence suggests that geodiversity and geological history played essential roles in shaping the Amazonian flora. Here we summarize the geo-climatic history of the Amazon and review paleopalynological records and time-calibrated phylogenies to evaluate the response of plants to environmental change. The Neogene fossil record suggests major sequential changes in plant composition and an overall decline in diversity. Phylogenies of eight Amazonian plant clades paint a mixed picture, with the diversification of most groups best explained by constant speciation rates through time, while others indicate clade-specific increases or decreases correlated with climatic cooling or increasing Andean elevation. Overall, the Amazon forest seems to represent a museum of diversity with a high potential for biological diversification through time. To fully understand how the Amazon got its modern biodiversity, further multidisciplinary studies conducted within a multimillion-year perspective are needed.
▪The history of the Amazon rainforest goes back to the beginning of the Cenozoic (66 Ma) and was driven by climate and geological forces.▪In the early Neogene (23–13.8 Ma), a large wetland developed with episodic estuarine conditions and vegetation ranging from mangroves to terra firme forest.▪In the late Neogene (13.8–2.6 Ma), the Amazon changed into a fluvial landscape with a less diverse and more open forest, although the details of this transition remain to be resolved.▪These geo-climatic changes have left imprints on the modern Amazonian diversity that can be recovered with dated phylogenetic trees.▪Amazonian plant groups show distinct responses to environmental changes, suggesting that Amazonia is both a refuge and a cradle of biodiversity.
Firearms Law and Scholarship Beyond Bullets and Bodies
Authors: Blocher Joseph , Charles Jacob D. , Miller Darrell A.H.
Published: May 2023

Academic work is increasingly important to court rulings on the Second Amendment and firearms law more generally. This article highlights two recent trends in social science research that supplement the traditional focus on guns and physical harm. The first strand of research focuses on the changing ways that gun owners connect with firearms, with personal security, status, identity, and cultural markers being key reasons people offer for possessing firearms. The second strand focuses on broadening our understanding of the impact of guns on the public sphere beyond just physical safety. This research surfaces the ways that guns can create fear, intimidation, and social trauma; deter civic participation and the exercise of constitutional rights; and further entrench racial inequality.
Iron Homeostasis During Pregnancy: Maternal, Placental, and Fetal Regulatory Mechanisms
Authors: Sangkhae Veena , Fisher Allison L. , Ganz Tomas , Nemeth Elizabeta
Published: May 2023

Pregnancy entails a large negative balance of iron, an essential micronutrient. During pregnancy, iron requirements increase substantially to support both maternal red blood cell expansion and the development of the placenta and fetus. As insufficient iron has long been linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes, universal iron supplementation is common practice before and during pregnancy. However, in high-resource countries with iron fortification of staple foods and increased red meat consumption, the effects of too much iron supplementation during pregnancy have become a concern because iron excess has also been linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes. In this review, we address physiologic iron homeostasis of the mother, placenta, and fetus and discuss perturbations in iron homeostasis that result in pathological pregnancy. As many mechanistic regulatory systems have been deduced from animal models, we also discuss the principles learned from these models and how these may apply to human pregnancy.
The Past Is Present: Coevolution of Viruses and Host Resistance Within Geographic Centers of Plant Diversity
Authors: Scholthof Karen-Beth G.
Published: May 2023

Understanding the coevolutionary history of plants, pathogens, and disease resistance is vital for plant pathology. Here, I review Francis O. Holmes's work with tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) framed by the foundational work of Nikolai Vavilov on the geographic centers of origin of plants and crop wild relatives (CWRs) and T. Harper Goodspeed's taxonomy of the genus Nicotiana. Holmes developed a hypothesis that the origin of host resistance to viruses was due to coevolution of both at a geographic center. In the 1950s, Holmes proved that genetic resistance to TMV, especially dominant R-genes, was centered in South America for Nicotiana and other solanaceous plants, including Capsicum, potato, and tomato. One seeming exception was eggplant ( Solanum melongena). Not until the acceptance of plate tectonics in the 1960s and recent advances in evolutionary taxonomy did it become evident that northeast Africa was the home of eggplant CWRs, far from Holmes's geographic center for TMV– R-gene coevolution. Unbeknownst to most plant pathologists, Holmes's ideas predated those of H.H. Flor, including experimental proof of the gene-for-gene interaction, identification of R-genes, and deployment of dominant host genes to protect crop plants from virus-associated yield losses.
Ill Communication: Host Metabolites as Virulence-Regulating Signals for Plant-Pathogenic Bacteria
Authors: Anderson Jeffrey C.
Published: May 2023

Plant bacterial pathogens rely on host-derived signals to coordinate the deployment of virulence factors required for infection. In this review, I describe how diverse plant-pathogenic bacteria detect and respond to plant-derived metabolic signals for the purpose of virulence gene regulation. I highlight examples of how pathogens perceive host metabolites through membrane-localized receptors as well as intracellular response mechanisms. Furthermore, I describe how individual strains may coordinate their virulence using multiple distinct host metabolic signals, and how plant signals may positively or negatively regulate virulence responses. I also describe how plant defenses may interfere with the perception of host metabolites as a means to dampen pathogen virulence. The emerging picture is that recognition of host metabolic signals for the purpose of virulence gene regulation represents an important primary layer of interaction between pathogenic bacteria and host plants that shapes infection outcomes.
Economics of Ecosystem Restoration
Authors: Mirzabaev Alisher , Wuepper David
Published: May 2023

Restoration of degraded ecosystems is essential for having a stable climate, reducing weather extremes and disease burden, producing enough food to feed growing populations, and generally keeping the world livable. However, we are currently rapidly degrading ecosystems worldwide, thus destroying the very basis of life. There is a major gap between what investments are needed to restore degraded ecosystems and prevent further degradation and what is actually being invested. In addition, most governments are still learning how to design and implement ecosystem restoration policies that are effective and efficient. Ecosystem restoration should be among our main scientific endeavors. This review fills a critical gap in the existing literature by providing a theory-informed understanding of the findings emerging from this highly policy-relevant strand of resource economics. The article also suggests key areas for future research.
Enteric nervous system as a target and source of SARS-CoV-2 and other viral infections
Authors: Valdetaro Luisa , Thomasi Beatriz , Ricciardi Maria Carolina , Santos Karoline de Melo , Coelho-Aguiar Juliana de Mattos , Tavares-Gomes Ana Lúcia
Published: May 2023

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been demonstrated to affect several systems of the human body, including the gastrointestinal and nervous systems. The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a division of the autonomic nervous system that extends throughout the gut, regulates gastrointestinal function, and is therefore involved in most gut dysfunctions, including those resulting from many viral infections. Growing evidence highlights enteric neural cells and microbiota as important players in gut inflammation and dysfunction. Furthermore, the ENS and gastrointestinal immune system work together establishing relevant neuroimmune interactions during both health and disease. In recent years, gut-driven processes have also been implicated as players in systemic inflammation and in the initiation and propagation of several central nervous system pathologies, which seem to be hallmarks of COVID-19. In this review, we aim to describe evidence of the gastrointestinal and ENS infection with a focus on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We discuss here viral-induced mechanisms, neuroplasticity, and neuroinflammation to call attention to the enteric neuroglial network as a nervous system with a sensitive and crucial position to be not only a target of the new coronavirus but also a way in and trigger of COVID-19-related symptoms.
Therapeutic Role and Potential Mechanism of Resveratrol in Atherosclerosis: TLR4/NF-κB/HIF-1α
Authors: Guo Lin , Zhang Xiaolu , Lv Nuan , Wang Luming , Gan Jiali , Jiang Xijuan , Wang Yijing
Published: May 2023

Atherosclerosis, the main pathological basis of cardiovascular disease, is a chronic inflammatory disease that severely affects the quality of human life. Resveratrol (Res) is a natural polyphenol that is a major component of many herbs and foods. The present study analyzed resveratrol from the perspective of visualization and bibliometric analysis and found that resveratrol is closely related to the inflammatory response in cardiovascular diseases (associated with atherosclerosis). To explore the specific molecular mechanism of resveratrol, network pharmacology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were used, in which HIF-1α signaling may be a key pathway in the treatment of AS. Furthermore, we induced the polarization of macrophage RAW264.7 to M1 type to generate inflammatory response by the combination of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (200 ng/mL) + interferon-γ (IFN-γ) (2.5 ng/mL). LPS and IFN-γ increased the inflammatory factor levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 in RAW264.7, and the proportion of M1-type macrophages also increased, but the expression of inflammatory factors decreased after resveratrol administration, which confirmed the anti-inflammatory effect of resveratrol in AS. In addition, we found that resveratrol downregulated the protein expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/NF-κB/hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α). In conclusion, resveratrol has a significant anti-inflammatory effect, alleviates HIF-1α-mediated angiogenesis, and prevents the progression of AS through the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
Immunocompromised Children and Young Patients Living with Pets: Gaps in Knowledge to Avoid Zoonosis
Authors: Garcia-Sanchez P. , Aguilar-Valero E. , Sainz T. , Calvo C. , Iglesias I. , Bueno D. , Frauca E. , Ramos-Boluda E. , Alcolea-Sanchez A. , García-Guereta L. , Alonso-Melgar A. , Esperón F. , Mendez-Echevarria A.
Published: May 2023

Background and Objectives. Although pets are known to be beneficial for children, they could also imply risks for immunocompromised ones. We report the prevalence of children and young patients living with pets in a cohort of immunosuppressed pediatric patients and describe risk behaviors for acquiring zoonosis and compliance with veterinary recommendations. Methods. A cross-sectional, observational study was performed in a large tertiary hospital in Madrid, including immunosuppressed patients from different regions of Spain. The participants were asked to complete an online questionnaire. Results. Two hundred and eighty-four responses were received: 62.3% solid organ transplantation (177/284), 22.8% hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (65/284), and 14.8% inborn errors of immunity (42/284). The median age was 11 years (interquartile range 5.9–15.4), and 55% were boys (156/284). Up to 45% (130/284) of the respondents lived with 201 pets (74% of them dogs and cats). Half of the patients owning dogs or cats did not comply with at least one of the recommendations regarding vaccination, deworming, feeding, and/or veterinarian recommended controls. The poorest findings were related to deworming regimens. Only 42.8% (117/273) of the participants received specific recommendations from their healthcare professionals about companion animals. However, up to 97% of the families considering acquiring a pet did so when the professional did not contraindicate it (31/32), while 72% of the families having pets got rid of their pets when they were advised against animals (8/11). Conclusions. Pet ownership is frequent among immunocompromised children. They presented risky exposures for acquiring zoonoses, and basic veterinary recommendations were not frequently followed. The opinion of professionals significantly influenced the decision to acquire pets, but less than half of the families received recommendations in this regard.
Exploring the Relationship between Perfectionism and Pain in Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Xiong Xin , Zhang Shi-Yong , Zhang Jing , Jiang Nan , Zhang Li-Ming , Yang Hao-Lun , Yue Yuan
Published: May 2023

Objectives. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine the relationship between perfectionism and pain in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). Methods. A total of 345 TMD patients were included. A questionnaire consisting of questions of demographic information, the 15-item short form of the Hewitt and Flett Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) was distributed. According to the diagnostic criteria for TMDs, patients were categorized as pain-related (PT) and non-pain-related (NPT) groups, whereas PT patients were further divided into patients with pain-related TMDs only (OPT) and patients with combined pain-related and intra-articular TMDs (CPT). Data were analyzed using the chi-square test, Spearman’s correlation, and logistic regression analysis with the significance level set at

p
<
0.05

. Results. There were 68 patients in the NPT group, 80 in the OPT group, and 197 in the CPT group. PT patients had significantly higher perfectionism scores (63.58 ± 13.63) than NPT patients (56.32 ± 12.95,

p
<
0.001

). The PHQ-4 score in the PT group was also higher. After adjusting the PHQ-4 scores, perfectionism scores of the PT group were 6.11 points higher than those in the NPT group (

p
<
0.001

). There were no statistical differences in all parameters of OPT and CPT groups (

p
>
0.05

). Perfectionism in total, other-oriented perfectionism (OOP), and socially prescribed perfectionism (SPP) showed significant but weak correlations with PHQ-4 scores (

p
<
0.001

), while self-oriented perfectionism (SOP) was also significantly but very weakly correlated with PHQ-4 scores (

p
<
0.05

). Conclusions. Pain-related TMD patients exhibited higher perfectionism scores than NPT patients, and neither their perfectionism nor pain scores were correlated with intra-articular diseases of TMJ. OOP and SOP presented weak correlations with psychological distress in TMD patients. It is suggested that pain-related TMD patients could be screened for perfectionism and perfectionism could be considered when proposing psychological treatment strategies to PT patients.
Impact of CDK4/6 Inhibitors on Aromatase Inhibitor-Associated Musculoskeletal Syndrome (AIMSS) in the Adjuvant Setting
Authors: Skafida Efthymia , Andrikopoulou Angeliki , Terpos Evangelos , Markellos Christos , Moustafa Savvina , Pectasides Dimitrios , Dimopoulos Meletios-Athanasios , Zagouri Flora , Vassilopoulos Dimitrios
Published: May 2023

Background. Third-generation aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are the mainstay of treatment in hormone receptor (HR)-positive breast cancer. Even though it is considered to be a well-tolerated therapy, AI-induced musculoskeletal symptoms are common and may be accused for treatment discontinuation. Recently, selective cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors changed the therapeutic setting, and currently, ribociclib, palbociclib, and abemaciclib are all approved in combination with nonsteroidal AIs in patients with ER-positive, HER2-negative advanced or metastatic breast cancer. This systematic review aims to identify the frequency of aromatase inhibitor-associated musculoskeletal syndrome (AIMSS) in the adjuvant setting in patients under AI monotherapy compared to patients under combination therapy with AIs and CDK4/6 inhibitors and demonstrate the underlying mechanism of action. Methods. This study was performed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. The literature search and data extraction from all randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were done by two independent investigators. Eligible articles were identified by a search of MEDLINE and ClinicalTrial.gov database concerning the period 2000/01/01–2021/05/01. Results. Arthralgia was reported in 13.2 to 68.7% of patients receiving AIs for early-stage breast cancer, while arthralgia induced by CDK4/6 inhibitors occurred in a much lower rate [20.5–41.2%]. Bone pain (5–28.7% vs. 2.2–17.2%), back pain (2–13.4% vs. 8–11.2%), and arthritis (3.6–33.6% vs. 0.32%) were reported less frequently in patients receiving the combination of CDK4/6 inhibitors with ET. Conclusions. CDK4/6 inhibitors might have a protective effect against joint inflammation and arthralgia occurrence. Further studies are warranted to investigate arthralgia incidence in this population.
Unique Common Fixed Points for Occasionally Weakly Biased Maps of Type

A

in
b
-Metric-Like Spaces
Authors: Bouhadjera Hakima , Alzumi Hadeel Z. , Shammakh Wafa , Ali Saeed M. , Abdo Mohammed S.
Published: May 2023

We start this work by demonstrating the existence of unique common fixed points for two pairs of occasionally weakly biased maps of type

A

in a

b

-metric-like space, and we end it by producing two illustrative examples in order to support and show that our results are meaningful.
Impact of New-Onset Conduction Disturbances following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement on Outcomes: A Single-Center Study
Authors: See Claudia , Wang Yanting , Huang Haocheng , Parise Helen , Yang Yiping , Tirziu Daniela , Francese Dominic P. , Papoutsidakis Nikolaos , Bader Eric , Kaple Ryan K. , Cleman Michael , Lansky Alexandra J. , Forrest John K.
Published: May 2023

Background. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is known to increase the incidence of conduction disturbances compared to surgical aortic valve replacement; however, there are limited data on the impact and duration of these conduction disturbances on longer term outcomes. Objective. To determine the differential impact of persistent versus nonpersistent new-onset conduction disturbances on TAVR-related complications and outcomes. Methods. This is a single-center retrospective analysis of 927 consecutive patients with aortic stenosis who underwent TAVR at Yale New Haven Hospital from July 2012 to August 2019. Patients with new-onset conduction disturbances within 7 days following TAVR were selected for this study. Persistent and nonpersistent disturbances were, respectively, defined as persisting or not persisting on all patient ECGs for up to 1.5 years after TAVR or until death. Results. Within 7 days after TAVR, conduction disturbances occurred in 42.3% (392/927) of the patients. Conduction disturbances persisted in 150 (38%) patients and did not persist in 187 (48%) patients, and 55 (14%) patients were excluded for having mixed (both persistent and nonpersistent) disturbances. Compared with nonpersistent disturbances, patients with persistent disturbances were more likely to receive a PPM within 7 days after the TAVR procedure (46.0% versus 4.3%,p<0.001) and had a greater unadjusted 1-year cardiac-related and all-cause mortality risk (HR 2.54,p=0.044and HR 1.90,p=0.046, respectively). Conclusion. Persistent conduction disturbances were associated with a greater cardiac and all-cause mortality rate at one year following TAVR. Future research should investigate periprocedural factors to reduce persistent conduction disturbances and outcomes beyond one year follow-up.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Burnout Syndrome during COVID-19 Pandemic among Healthcare Providers in Thailand
Authors: Somboonviboon Dujrath , Wittayawisawasakul Yingvitch , Wacharasint Petch
Published: May 2023

Objective. To study prevalence, risk factors, and consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic related to Burnout syndrome (BOS) among Thai healthcare providers (HCPs) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods. We performed a cross-sectional study among HCPs, involved in caring for patients during the pandemic in two periods (1st period, May–Jun 2021, and 2nd period, Sep-Oct 2021). Data were distributed using electronic questionnaires. BOS was defined if respondents exhibited a high level of at least one domain in the Maslach Burnout Inventory criteria. The primary outcome was prevalence of BOS. Results. Altogether, 2,027 and 1,146 respondents were enrolled in the 1st and 2nd periods, respectively. Most respondents were female (73.3, 68.2%). The top three job positions were physicians (49.2, 58.9%), nurses (41.2, 30.6%), and nursing assistants (4.8, 6.5%), respectively. No difference was found in overall prevalence of Burnout syndrome during the 1st and 2nd periods (73 vs. 73.5%,

p
=
0.80

). Using multivariate analysis, significant risk factors for Burnout syndrome in both periods were (1) living with family (odds ratio (OR) 1.3 and 1.5), (2) tertiary care hospital (OR 1.92 and 2.13), (3) nurse (OR 1.38 and 2.29), (4) nursing assistant (OR 0.92 and 4.81), (5) salary ≤40,000 THB (OR 1.53 and 1.53), (6) >20 patients per shift (OR 1.55 and 1.88), (7) >6 shifts after hours monthly (OR 1.26 and 1.49), and (8) ≤1 rest day weekly (OR 1.3 and 1.4). Conclusion. We found a high prevalence of Burnout syndrome among Thai HCPs during the pandemic. Knowing those risk factors may provide a strategy to BOS during the pandemic.
Comparison of Gastric Cancer Risk Classifications Using Conventional and New Pepsinogen Criteria
Authors: Sasakabe Tae , Obata Yuki , Kawai Sayo , Lin Yingsong , Kikuchi Shogo
Published: May 2023

Background. New serum pepsinogen (PG) criteria have been shown to indicate more accurately infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). We sought to improve risk classification for gastric cancer by adopting the new PG criteria with the addition of an H. pylori antibody test. Methods. The study participants were 275 patients with gastric cancer and 275 apparently healthy controls from case–control study data. We cross-sectionally compared the results of gastric cancer risk classifications that were based on a combination of the new PG criteria (PG II ≥ 10 ng/mL or PG I/II ≤ 5) and an H. pylori antibody test with those that were based on a combination of the conventional criteria (PG I ≤ 70 ng/mL and PG I/PG II ≤ 3) and an H. pylori antibody test. Results. Applying the conventional criteria resulted in 89 controls being classified as low risk. Applying the new criteria resulted in 23 controls (bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 14, 32) being additionally classified as high risk. Eight patients with gastric cancer were classified as low risk using the conventional criteria; however, six of these patients were classified as high risk by the new criteria (bootstrapped 95% CI: 2, 11). Conclusions. Compared with the conventional criteria, the new PG criteria with H. pylori antibody reduced instances of gastric cancer cases being misclassified as low risk. These findings suggest that the new PG criteria may help identify individuals at high risk of developing gastric cancer.
Healthcare Provider Perspectives on HIV Cure Research in Ghana
Authors: Lamptey Helena , Newcomb Benjamin , Bonney Evelyn Y. , Aboagye James O. , Puplampu Peter , Ganu Vincent J. , Ansa Gloria , Oliver-Commey Joseph , Kyei George B.
Published: May 2023

Introduction. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has reduced mortality and improved life expectancy among HIV patients but does not provide a cure. Patients must remain on lifelong medications and deal with drug resistance and side effects. This underscores the need for HIV cure research. However, participation in HIV cure research has risks without guaranteed benefits. We determined what HIV healthcare providers know about HIV cure research trials, the risks involved, and what kind of cure interventions they are likely to recommend for their patients. Methods. We conducted in-depth qualitative interviews with 39 HIV care providers consisting of 12 physicians, 8 counsellors, 14 nurses, 2 pharmacists, 2 laboratory scientists, and 1 community advocate from three hospitals. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and coded, and thematic analysis was performed independently by two investigators. Results. Participants were happy about the success of current treatments and hopeful that an HIV cure will be found in the near future, just as ART was discovered through research. They described cure as total eradication of the virus from the body and inability to test positive for HIV or transmit the virus. In terms of risk tolerance, respondents would recommend to their patients’ studies with mild to moderate risks like what patients on antiretroviral therapy experience. Participants were reluctant to recommend treatment interruption to patients as part of a cure study and wished trials could be performed without stopping treatment. Healthcare providers categorically rejected death or permanent disability as an acceptable risk. The possibility of finding a cure that will benefit the individual or future generations was strong motivations for providers to recommend cure trials to their patients, as was transparency and adequate information on proposed trials. Overall, the participants were not actively seeking knowledge on cure research and lacked information on the various cure modalities under investigation. Conclusion. While hopeful for an HIV cure, healthcare providers in Ghana expect a cure to be definitive and pose minimal risk to their patients.
Virtual Reality and Cardiac Diseases: A Systematic Review of Applications and Effects
Authors: Bouraghi Hamid , Mohammadpour Ali , Khodaveisi Taleb , Ghazisaeedi Marjan , Saeedi Soheila , Familgarosian Sahar
Published: May 2023

Introduction. Cardiac diseases have grown significantly in recent years, causing many deaths globally. Cardiac diseases can impose a significant economic burden on societies. The development of virtual reality technology has attracted the attention of many researchers in recent years. This study aimed to investigate the applications and effects of virtual reality (VR) technology on cardiac diseases. Methods. A comprehensive search was carried out in four databases, including Scopus, Medline (through PubMed), Web of Science, and IEEE Xplore to identify related articles published until May 25, 2022. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyzes (PRISMA) guideline for systematic reviews was followed. All randomized trials that investigated the effects of virtual reality on cardiac diseases were included in this systematic review. Results. Twenty‐six studies were included in this systematic review. The results illustrated that virtual reality applications in cardiac diseases can be classified in three categories of physical rehabilitation, psychological rehabilitation, and education/training. This study revealed that the use of virtual reality in psychological and physical rehabilitation can reduce stress, emotional tension, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) total score, anxiety, depression, pain, systolic blood pressure, and length of hospitalization. Finally, the use of virtual reality in education/training can enhance technical performance, increase the speed of procedures, and improve the user’s skills, level of knowledge, and self‐confidence as well as facilitate learning. Also, the most limitations mentioned in the studies included small sample size and lack of or short duration of follow‐up. Conclusions. The results showed that the positive effects of using virtual reality in cardiac diseases are much more than its negative effects. Considering that the most limitations mentioned in the studies were the small sample size and short duration of follow‐up, it is necessary to conduct studies with adequate methodological quality to report their effects in the short term and long term.
A Retrospective Study of Time to Relapse following Guselkumab Withdrawal in Patients with Psoriasis
Authors: Zhuang Jia-Yi , Zhang Fang-Fei , Zhong Yuan-Qiu , Chen Yong-Feng
Published: May 2023

Background. Psoriasis is a chronic immune‐mediated skin disease requiring long‐term management. However, for various reasons such as financial issues, treatment cessation is common among psoriasis patients who have achieved clinical remission. Currently, only few studies have assessed the time to relapse after guselkumab withdrawal in the real‐world setting. Objective. The study aimed at assessing the time to relapse after remission following guselkumab discontinuation in patients with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis in the real‐world setting. Materials and Methods. Eligible adult moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis patients received at least 2 doses of administration of guselkumab treatment between March 2020 and March 2022 were enrolled. The study included patients who achieved PASI < 3 at week 12. Relapse was defined as restart of systemic therapy upon guselkumab withdrawal. Time to relapse was defined as the time interval between the last guselkumab administration and restart of systemic therapy. Results. Totally, 76 patients were enrolled. Relapse was found in 60.5% of patients, with a median PASI score at relapse of 4.6 (IQR: 1.6, 8.4) and median time to relapse was 201 (IQR: 159, 314) days. The proportion of patients with comorbidities significantly differed between the relapse and nonrelapse groups at baseline (P < 0.05). Compared with patients with PASI < 3, those with PASI ≥ 3 at relapse had longer time to relapse (P < 0.001). Conclusions. Guselkumab provides durable maintenance of response after discontinuation of therapy in the real‐world setting. Higher PASI score at relapse was associated with longer time to relapse. This trial is registered with Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2000041398.
Supplementary Table 1 from Medical Financial Hardship and Food Security among Cancer Survivors in the United States
Authors: Hallgren Emily , Narcisse Marie-Rachelle , Andersen Jennifer A. , Willis Don E. , Thompson Tess , Bryant-Smith Gwendolyn , McElfish Pearl A.
Published: May 2023

Supplementary Table 1 provides descriptive statistics of the characteristics of the sample of individuals without a cancer history.
Data from Associations of Race and Ethnicity with Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Decompensation, and Mortality in US Veterans with Cirrhosis
Authors: VoPham Trang , Cravero Anne , Feld Lauren D. , Green Pamela , Feng Ziding , Berry Kristin , Kim Nicole J. , Vutien Philip , Mendoza Jason A. , Ioannou George N.
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground:
Among patients with cirrhosis, it remains unclear whether there are racial/ethnic differences in cirrhosis complications and mortality. We examined the associations between race/ethnicity and risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), cirrhosis decompensation, and all-cause mortality overall and by cirrhosis etiology.
Methods:
US Veterans diagnosed with cirrhosis from 2001 to 2014 (n = 120,992), due to hepatitis C virus (HCV; n = 55,814), alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD; n = 36,323), hepatitis B virus (HBV; n = 1,972), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD; n = 17,789), or other (n = 9,094), were followed through 2020 for incident HCC (n = 10,242), cirrhosis decompensation (n = 27,887), and mortality (n = 81,441). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Results:
Compared with non-Hispanic White patients, Hispanic patients had higher risk for HCC overall (aHR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.24–1.41) and by cirrhosis etiology, particularly for ALD- (aHR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.42–1.87) and NAFLD-cirrhosis (aHR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.41–2.20), whereas non-Hispanic Black patients had lower HCC risk in ALD- (aHR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.63–0.98) and NAFLD-cirrhosis (aHR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.33–0.89). Asian patients had higher HCC risk (aHR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.29–2.23), driven by HCV- and HBV-cirrhosis. Non-Hispanic Black patients had lower risk for cirrhosis decompensation overall (aHR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.68–0.74) and by cirrhosis etiology. There was lower risk for mortality among all other racial/ethnic groups compared with non-Hispanic White patients.
Conclusions:
Race/ethnicity is an important predictor for risk of developing HCC, decompensation, and mortality.
Impact:
Future research should examine factors underlying these racial/ethnic differences to inform prevention, screening, and treatment for patients with cirrhosis.
Data from A comparative study of neuroendocrine heterogeneity in small cell lung cancer and neuroblastoma
Authors: Cai Ling , DeBerardinis Ralph J. , Xie Yang , Minna John D. , Xiao Guanghua
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Lineage plasticity has long been documented in both small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and neuroblastoma (NBL), two clinically distinct neuroendocrine (NE) cancers. In this study, we quantified the NE features of cancer as NE scores and performed a systematic comparison of SCLC and NBL. We found NBL and SCLC cell lines have highly similar molecular profiles and shared therapeutic sensitivity. In addition, NE heterogeneity was observed at both the inter- and intra-cell line levels. Surprisingly, we did not find a significant association between NE scores and overall survival in SCLC or NBL. We described many shared and unique NE score-associated features between SCLC and NBL, including dysregulation of Myc oncogenes, alterations in protein expression, metabolism, drug resistance, and selective gene dependencies.

Implications: Our work establishes a reference for molecular changes and vulnerabilities associated with NE to non-NE transdifferentiation through mutual validation of SCLC and NBL samples.
Reescrevendo decisões judiciais em perspectivas feministas: a experiência brasileira
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Direito de Ribeirão Preto, Severi Fabiana Cristina
Published: May 2023

ste livro é resultado do projeto “Reescrita de Decisões Judiciais em Perspectivas Feministas no Brasil”, em desenvolvimento desde agosto de 2021, que reúne esforços colaborativos de professoras, pesquisadoras e estudantes do direito pertencentes a várias instituições de ensino superior das cinco regiões brasileiras, públicas e privadas. O que as uniu foi a disposição e empenho em reescrever decisões judiciais proferidas por tribunais brasileiros utilizando, para isso, abordagens teóricas e métodos jurídicos feministas e antirracistas. O livro contempla 5 capítulos que oferecem conceitos, análises e reflexões de contexto para o projeto e outros 22 textos com as decisões reescritas. A expectativa é que a obra conduza estudantes e outras pessoas que atuam nas diversas profissões jurídicas a reconhecer a riqueza e a complexidade das abordagens aqui propostas e perceber a importância de seu uso nos mais diversos casos que chegam à justiça todos os dias.
Conservação da massa e energia em processos físicos e químicos: balanços materiais e energéticos
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo. Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos, Marra Junior Wiclef Dymurgo
Published: May 2023

Este livro apresenta os princípios da conservação da massa e da energia em processos físicos e químicos, expondo os conceitos fundamentais através de linguagem simples e exemplos, com resoluções detalhadas para reforçar o aprendizado dos assuntos abordados, além de exibir as ideias de forma gradativa e sequencial. Utiliza a abordagem de engenharia para a resolução de problemas relacionados a processos, através dos balanços de massa e de energia. Tem a intenção de ser um texto introdutório sobre o assunto para diversos cursos de graduação.