bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maintenance nitrogen requirements of the macropod marsupials Thylogale thetis, red-necked pademelon, and Macropus eugenii, Tammar wallaby
Authors: Hume ID
Published: June 2005

The maintenance nitrogen (N) requirement of the tammar wallaby, Macropus eugenii, a specles adapted to semiarid habitats, was estimated to be 0.24 g per kg W*0.75 per day of dietary N, or 0.23 g per kg W*0.75 per day of truly digestible N. In contrast, the red-necked pademelon, Thylogale thetis, a wallaby restricted to subtropical rain forest, required 0.60 g per kg W*0.75 per day dietary N, or 0.53 g per kg W*0.75 per day of truly digestible N for mamtenance.
Apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM) was lower (P < 0.001) by the pademelons (59%) than by the tammars (72%), and DM intake was higher (39 versus 25 g per kg W*0.75 per day) (P < 0.001). Intake of free water was also greater (P < 0.001) by the pademelons than by the tammars (169 versus 107 ml per 100 g DM intake).
It is concluded that the red-necked pademelon is not as 'rummant-like' in its digestive physiology and metabolism as macropod species from more and environments.
The role of competition in determining morphological differences between Victorian and Tasmanian passerine birds
Authors: Abbott I
Published: June 2005

Bill length, tarsus length and wing length were measured in 107 passerine species in southern Victoria and 46 in Tasmania, and the possibility that the impoverishment of the Tasmanian avifauna elicits morphological shifts was evaluated. An hypothesis of competitor release failed to account for the main morphological features of the Tasmanian avifauna. There was no significant difference between the frequency distributions of the three variables in mainland and island species, which suggests that no character size on the mainland is over- or under-represented in Tasmania; in spite of this, in nearly all the species common to both areas all three variables are significantly larger in Tasmania. No significant difference was found between the frequency distributions of character-ratios for mainland and island congeneric species-pairs, though theory predicts the island distribution would be the more skew. In 17 pairs of congeners occurring in both areas, the bill length and tarsus length ratios are not significantly different, and though wing length ratios do differ significantly, it is the mainland pairs that have the larger ratio. The variability of the three characters in 25 species did not differ significantly between mainland and island. Many genera which are represented by several sympatric species in Victoria have only one representative (usually the larger) in Tasmania. Although the theory of competitor release predicts that the species in Tasmania should show decreased character sizes, a clear-cut trend to increased size was found. Congeneric species-pairs in Tasmania do not show large morphological differences, which cannot be necessary for successful coexistence there.
The above results are discussed briefly, and an hypothesis based on the larger size of food items in Tasmania is proposed to explain them.
Potential competitive interactions between larvae of Pseudophryne bibroni and P. semimarmorata (Anura : Leptodactylidae)
Authors: Wiltshire DJ , Bull CM
Published: June 2005

The two frog species Pseudophryne bibroni and P. semimarmorata are known to have allopatric distributions which meet in narrow hybrid zones in south-eastern Australia. A preliminary test is described of the hypothesis that interspecific competition plays a part in maintaining the narrow zones. Tadpoles from allopatric populations of each species were raised in single-species and mixed-species groups in experimental enclosures in a pool in the range of P. bibroni. Competitive superiority of P. bibroni was shown both in survival to metamorphosis and in size achieved at this stage. It is suggested that competition may be an important ecological component of the interactions taking place between the two taxa where their distributions meet.
Karyotypes and Meiosis of the Morabine Grasshoppers. I. Introduction and Genera Moraba, Spectriforma and Filoraba.
Authors: White MJD
Published: June 2005

Moraba, with four species, has two showing the primitive 2nB = 17 karyotype and two in which
the large metacentric AB autosome has undergone dissociation into separate acrocentrics.
Spectriforma, also with four species (one cytologically unknown) shows the primitive karyotype.
The single species of Filoraba likewise shows 2nB = 17, but its karyotype is distinctive, since one of the small autosomes has undergone an evolutionary diminution in size and is exceedingly minute. Members of these genera all have XO males. No cytological material of Drysdalopila, the fourth genus of the tribe Morabini (Key 1977), was available.
New ants of the Australian genus Orectognathus, with a key to the known species (Hymenoptera : Formicidae)
Authors: Taylor RW
Published: June 2005

Seven species of Orectognathus (= Arnoldidris) are described as new (0. darlingtoni, 0. nanus and 0. parvispinus from north-east Queensland; 0. robustus from eastern Queensland; 0. elegantulus from south-east Queensland; 0. roomi and 0. velutinus from south-east New Guinea), along with notes on some older species, discussion of their likely relationships, and a key to workers of the 26 species now known. Workers of most species are illustrated, chiefly with scanning electron micrographs, and the holdings of the Australian National Insect Collection are briefly reviewed.
Reproduction in Australian elapid snakes I. Testicular cycles and mating seasons
Authors: Shine R
Published: June 2005

Testicular cycles and mating seasons of eight species of elapid snakes are described. Four livebearing species (Austrelaps superbus, Hemiaspis signata, Notechis scutatus and Unechis gouldii) show spermiogenesis in summer, retain active spermatozoa in the vas deferens all year, and mate in both autumn and spring. Hemiaspis daemelii shows a similar testicular cycle, but its mating season is unknown. Another livebearing species, Pseudechis porphyriacus, shows spermiogenesis in spring, retains spermatozoa in the vas deferens only during spring, and mates only in spring. Two oviparous species (Pseudonaja nuchalis and P. textilis) show spermiogenesis in spring (and possibly also in summer), and retain spermatozoa in the vas deferens all year. Both Pseudonaja species mate in spring, and possibly through summer. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that the times of production of spermatozoa, and retention of spermatozoa in the vas deferens, are adapted to the timing of the mating season.
Ecology of Australian Chats (Epthianura Gould): Aridity, Electrolytes and Water Economy.
Authors: Williams CK , Main AR
Published: June 2005

The four species of Australian chats differentially occupy semiarid and arid regions where surface water commonly contains high concentrations of electrolytes, especially during the summer. The effects of variations in ambient temperature and salinity of drinking water on nutrition, water and electrolyte balances were compared between three species of chats in a split-plot, factorial design. The homeostatic responses revealed very complex interactions between thermoregulation, nutrition, and balances of electrolytes and water. All species have very low tolerance of electrolytes in the drinking water. Ingested electrolytes are not stored but are rapidly excreted in low concentrations at the expense of body water. Survival of chats in arid regions depends on a high degree of selectivity in avoiding water sources with even moderate concentrations of electrolytes. This avoidance is achieved by nomadism and seasonal movements to areas of recent rainfall, thereby increasing the access to water with low concentrations of electrolytes. The ability of the more xeric species to occupy regions of greater aridity cannot be explained by enhanced abilities to excrete electrolytes in high concentrations. The three species studied excrete electrolytes in similar, low concentrations. The more xeric species possess an advantage in water and electrolyte balances through lower evaporative losses of body water, especially at high ambient temperatures.
Resistance to cold temperature stress in populations of Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans
Authors: Parsons PA
Published: June 2005

Populations of D. melanogaster and D. simulans were tested for resistance to the cold-temperature stress of - 1�C. Mean mortalities after 48 h followed the sequence D. melanogaster (Townsville) > D. simulans (Townsville) > D. simulans (Melbourne), which were all considerably greater than D. melanogaster (Melbourne). These differences can be related to differences between the sub- tropical climate of Townsville and the temperate climate of Melbourne.
The physiological (and genetic) bases of resistance to cold temperature and desiccation differ considerably. The simultaneous genetic study of both traits would be advantageous in understanding the distribution and abundance of natural populations of Drosophila.
Temperature Studies of the Mounds and Environment of Amitermes Evuncifer Silvestri (Isoptera: Termitidae).
Authors: Omo Malaka SL
Published: June 2005

The temperatures (24.60-33.5�C) inside occupied mounds of Amitermes evuncifer Silvestri were generally higher than those inside abandoned mounds (21.5-28.8�C) or in the surrounding soils (22.6�-30.6�C). In general, the high temperatures of occupied mounds were comparatively more stable than the ambient temperatures. The reasons for this are discussed.
The importance of high relative humidity of the atmosphere to the time of nest building and repairs was also observed.
Morphometric differences between Australian wild rabbit populations
Authors: Taylor J , Freedman L , Olivier TJ , McCluskey J
Published: June 2005

Morphometric distances, based on 20 skull measurements, were determined between eight localized Australian wild rabbit populations and a sample from the British Isles. To minimize the influence of age-associated variation in the Australian series, only animals estimated to be at least 12 months old (based on epiphyseal and dry eye-lens aging techniques) were included. Sexes were pooled after univariate and multivariate testing for sexual dimorphism and eliminating bizygomatic breadth. By means of univariate statistics, Mahalanobis generalized distance and canonical analysis, the various Australian and British Isles samples were shown to differ appreciably, morphometric distance increasing clinally in eastern Australia with geographic distance from the point of introduction (Geelong, Vic.). Based on a plot of first and second canonical variates, differences between three Canberra area samples were comparable in magnitude to those between certain populations separated by much greater geographic distances. These findings are consistent with results of studies of blood protein variations in Australian wild rabbit populations.
Skull characters and relationships of Notomys mordax Thomas (Rodentia : Muridae), a poorly known Queensland Hopping-mouse
Authors: Mahoney JA
Published: June 2005

Notomys mordax was named by Thomas in 1922 for a skull from Darling Downs, Queensland. The
species is known only from the one specimen and it is seemingly extinct. Measurements are given of the holotype of N. mordax and of two skulls of Notomys mitchellii (Ogilby, 1838). The skull of N. mordax is figured. Among the known species of the genus, N. mordax is likely to be most closely related to N. mitchellii.
Wing Morphometrics of Australian Luciliini (Diptera: Calliphoridae).
Authors: Brown KR , Shipp E
Published: June 2005

Wing morphometrics of Australian representatives of the tribe Luciliini were examined in order to clarify phenetic relationships within the group. Wing variables were shown to be valid and consistent species characteristics. No significant variations were found due to sex, generation or locality. No clines could be detected from an analysis of 30 localities.
Multiple species comparisons indicate that, at the 95% level of similarity, at least three groups apparently exist, corresponding to the genus Hemipyrellia and two groups within the genus Lucilia. There is no support for other genera, such as Phaenicia, as previously proposed. Some doubt exists as to the validity of placing fergusoni in the genus Hemipyrellia, as it appears from our data to be more similar to species of Lucilia.
Aspects of the Biology of the Eucalypt-Defoliating Chrysomelid Beetle Paropsis Atomaria Ol. In the Australian Capital Territory.
Authors: Tanton MT , Khan SM
Published: June 2005

Young growth of Eucalyptus blakelyi with a mean twig diameter of 1.35 mm is the preferred site for oviposition by Paropsis atomaria. The number of eggs per collar is negatively correlated with twig diameter. In the laboratory, eggs kept at temperatures between 3 and 7�C and 65-70% RH showed a severe drop in viability. Diapause of adults can be prevented, and rearing continued throughout the year, by illumination for 16 h a day and a minimum temperature of 22�C. Observed parasites and predators of eggs and larvae, at average levels recorded over the season, may achieve 65% mortality of the population of P. atomaria, rising to 90% at the highest levels observed.
Epithelial surfaces of the upper gastrointestinal tract of the blue-tongues lizard, Tiliqua scincoides: a scanning electron microscope study
Authors: Giraud AS , Hunter CR , St John DJB
Published: June 2005

The surface epithelium of the oesophagus, stomach and small intestine of healty T. scincoides was examined by scanning electron microscopy and the findings confirmed by both light and transmission microscopy. The oesophagus was lined by ciliated, goblet and microvillous cells. Its topography appeared similar to the trachea and major bronchi of a number of mammals and birds. Throughout the length of the stomach microvillous cells were uniformly arranged on the gastric rugae. The cells were slightly convex and sparsely populated by microvilli, which appeared more numerous at intercellular margins. Swollen epithelial cells, approximately twice the size of the adjacent cells, were scattered throughout the gastric epithelium. Cells with focal apical erosions were found in isolated regions, being relatively more numerous in the distal stomach. The openings of the gastric glands were observed as invaginations of the epithelial surface and were most prominent near the tops of the gastric rugae. The small intestine was lined by epithelial cells covered by long, densely packed microvilli. Goblet cells were interspersed along the surface of the intestinal villi. Except for the oesophagus, the topography of the upper gastrointestinal tract of T. scincoides closely resembles that of homologous regions of the mammalian gut.
Dispersal of the Australian Reptile Tick Aponomma Hydrosauri by Host Movement.
Authors: Bull CM
Published: June 2005

Tape recordings of calls of males in allopatric populations of the sibling species Ranidella insignifera and R. pseudinsignifera show non-overlapping ranges of call modulation. Laboratory-raised hybrids have a call structure falling between the high modulation of the three- or four-pulsed call of R. pseudinsignifera and the low modulation of the almost unpulsed call of R. insignifera. However, hybrid calls could not always be distinguished from some calls of the parental species. The largely allopatric distributions of the two species meet along the scarp of the Darling Ranges. In two areas examined in detail, west of Perth and north of Bullsbrook, populations sampled by ear and by tape recording confirmed earlier studies which suggested that there is a very steep cline, over less than 3 km, from populations with mostly R. pseudinsignifera-like calls, to populations with mostly R. insignifera-like calls. Populations with calls of both parental species as well as intermediate calls were detected in this zone, but the extent of introgression could not be judged on the basis of call structure alone. The evidence suggests that the hybrid zone is stable in time.
A Revision of the Australian Species of Anaphothrips Uzel (Thysanoptera: Thripidae).
Authors: Pitkin BR
Published: June 2005

Sixteen species of the phytophagous genus Anaphothrips are here recognized from Australia. Six of these are described for the first time. A checklist of all species and a key for their identification are provided. Each species is discussed briefly and any changes in nomenclature are noted.
Ovulation rates and oestrous cycle lengths in several species of Australian native rats (Rattus spp.) from various habitats
Authors: Breed WG
Published: June 2005

Ovulation rates, as determined by the number of recently formed corpora lutea, and oestrous cycle lengths have been determined for several species of native Australian rats (Rattus spp.) from diverse habitats. Ovulation rates vary significantly between species: R. leucopus cooktownensis had the lowest ovulation rate; those for two subspecies of R. fuscipes, R. lutreolus lutreolus, R. tunneyi tunneyi, R. sordidus sordidus and R. sordidus colletti were significantly higher and all similar to each other; the highest ovulation rate occurred in R. sordidus villosissimus. However, all species of rats had short, 4- to 6-day, oestrous cycles. The possible ecological and evolutionary significance of these findings is briefly discussed.
A Revision of the Encyrtid Genus Callipteroma Motchulsky (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae).
Authors: Noyes JS
Published: June 2005

A revision of the species of the genus Callipteroma Motschulsky (= Calocerinella Girault, syn. nov.) is presented. A key is provided for the six recognized species: albiclava, sp, nov., australia Girault (=dei Girault, syn. nov.), nigra Mercet, quinqueguttata Motschulsky (=guttatipennis Girault, syn. nov. =guttatipennis io Girault, syn. nov.), sexguttata Motschulsky, testacea Motschulsky (=trifasciatus Girault, syn. nov. = trifasciatipennis Girault, syn. nov. =penangi Girault, syn. nov. =geminus Girault, syn. nov.); and for two further species which are not formally described. Callipteroma subfasciata Szelenyi is transferred to Leptomastix (comb. nov.).
Dispersal of the Australian reptile tick Aponomma hydrosauri by host movement
Authors: Bull CM
Published: June 2005

The lizard Trachydosaurus rugosus is the main host for the tick Aponomma hydrosauri in a study area near Tickera, S.A. The distance that a tick disperses while attached to a particular host will be the distance between the positions occupied by the host at the times of tick attachment and of tick detachment. It is suggested that the distribution of lizard recapture distances may be used to estimate the distribution of distances that ticks disperse while on a single host. Both random recaptures of paint-marked lizards and regular recaptures of radio-marked lizards gave estimates of a mean dispersal distance of about 40 m, with a possible maximum of 270 m. Lizard home ranges, of between 2000 and 5000 m2, overlap extensively and provide limited opportunities for dispersal up to 800 m during a tick's life. Extensive mixing of adjacent tick populations would be prevented by the restricted movements of their hosts.
Helosciomyzinae in Australia (Diptera : Sciomyzidae)
Authors: Steyskal GS , Knutson L
Published: June 2005

Keys are given to the genera of the Helosciomyzinae and the Australian species of Helosciomyza Hendel. The following new species are described by Steyskal: Helosciomyza anaxantha, H. anhecta, H. australica, H. luteipennis and H. macalpinei. A new genus and species, Eurotocus australis, is also described by Steyskal. The first data concerning immature stages in the subfamily are given by Knutson in the form of detailed descriptions of the puparia and associated larval structures of Eurotocus australis and Helosciomyza australica, and the egg of H. ferruginea is described by Steyskal.
Abbreviata (Nematoda: Physalopteroidea) From Western Australian Snakes.
Authors: Jones HI
Published: June 2005

Four new species of Abbreviata (Physalopteridae) are reported from Western Australian snakes, viz. Abbreviata barrowi, sp. nov., Abbreviata occidentalis, sp. nov., Abbreviata kumarinae, sp. nov., and Abbreviata aechmespiculum, sp, nov. Larval Abbreviata not identifiable to species were found in almost half the snakes examined. These were almost absent from the south-west part of Western Australia and were most prevalent in the north of the state. Infections could not be related to season, or to food residues in the hosts. It is suggested that these larvae were unable to mature in the snakes, which were acting as paratenic hosts, and that the most likely definitive hosts were Varanus lizards. A key to the Abbreviata species from Australian and Papua New Guinea reptiles is provided.
On the relationships , classification aedeagal morphology and zoogeography of the genera of Pygiopsyllidae (Insecta : Siphonaptera)
Authors: Mardon DK
Published: June 2005

The classification of the siphonapteran family Pygiopsyllidae into subfamilies and genera is discussed, with an argument to support the weighting of genitalic characters in devising classifications of fleas. Among such characters the aedeagus is stressed as a most useful source of information on phylogenetic relationships. Methods of study of aedeagal characters and their interpretation in terms of relationships are described in detail, together with notes on previously published descriptions of pygiopsyllid aedeagi and on the specialized terminology used. The characters of each genus are discussed, with emphasis on those considered of greatest value in indicating relationships and with a detailed, comparative study of aedeagal characters. For many taxa these characters are described in detail for the first time. Conclusions concerning the phylogenetic relationships among pygiopsyllid genera are given, and a suitably revised classification is proposed. Finally, the zoogeographical distribution of the genera and newly proposed higher taxa is discussed.
The Genera Culmacris and Stiletta (Orthoptera : Eumastacidae : Morabinae).
Authors: Key KHL
Published: June 2005

A taxonomic analysis is presented of the closely related general Culmacris and Stiletta, in the morabine grasshopper tribe Warramungini. Culmacris is treated as comprising four species, orientalis, curvicercus, archaica, and diversa (the last two new) and 13 races within diversa. These taxa occupy a mosaic of 16 non-sympatric, almost certainly parapatric, ranges covering between them a large part of the northern half of Australia. The 13 races of diversa are diagnosed primarily on karyotypic characters following White's findings in a companion paper; they are grouped into 'race groups' and one ungrouped race, on characters of the male genitalia. Stiletta, with two probably parapatric species nitida and mesai, the latter new and the former with two component races, occupies a small area straddling the border of Western Australia and the Northern Territory in the region of the Ord and Victoria Rivers. It is sympatric with Culmacris in the Victoria River area. Keys to the genera of Warramungini and the species of Culmacris and Stiletta are provided.
Measurement of Volume Changes in the Nucleus and Nucleolus of Sarcophaga Bullata (Diptera: Sarcophagidae).
Authors: Wentworth SL , Roberts B
Published: June 2005

Nuclei and nucleoli of the dorsal giant cells of metathoracic pulvilli of the fleshfly S. bullata underwent volume fluctuations during development. Such fluctuations reflect the functions and synthetic activity of cells. Nuclear volume increased with development of the adult pulvillus and maximal volumes were recorded between 122 and 288 h. Between 288 and 300 h nuclear volume decreased, and the cells become pycnotic just before adult emergence. Nucleoli showed maximal volumes at 115 h. Between 140 and 192 h, the period of intense sequential secretion of cuticle, nucleoli assumed a granular irregular appearance, in contrast to the spheroidal and vacuolated structure observed at other times. Nuclei and nucleoli from outside cells were always the largest.
The Biology of Some Lygaeidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) of South-East Queensland.
Authors: Malipatil MB
Published: June 2005

Life-history and host-plant (where recorded) data are given for 24 species of Lygaeidae from south-east Queensland, belonging to the subfamilies Rhyparochrominae, Lygaeinae, Orsillinae, Oxycareninae and Geocorinae. Records of host plants are provided for six more species. Some field and laboratory bio- logical and ecological information, including protective adaptation and coloration, predators and para- sites, food plants, feeding habits, behaviour, oviposition and fecundity, is provided for several of these species.
Population ecology of the Intertidal Anemone Actinia tenebrosa II Geographical distribution, synonymy, reproductive cycle and fecundity
Authors: Ottaway JR
Published: June 2005

Synonymy and geographical distribution of A. tenebrosa are discussed. Reproductive cycle and fecundity were examined between 1972 and 1975 inclusive at Kaikoura, New Zealand. At any one time, up to 77% of the adult population developed gonads and 20-94% of adults were brooding young. The main periods of gonad development, November-April inclusive, coincided with the warmest annual sea temperatures. Over 99.4% of brooded embryos dissected from 1851 adults were tentaculate young; the rest were planulae. It is suggested that the normal reproductive mode of the observed population is cross-fertilizing labile gonochorism, in which adults change from one sex to the other within each breeding season. Brooding adults would therefore be the maternal parents of their brooded embryos, even though subsequently the brooders would appear to be asexual or could become functional males.
Fluoroacetate Tolerance, a Genetic Marker in Some Australian Mammals.
Authors: Oliver AJ , King DR , Mead RJ
Published: June 2005

The toxin fluoroacetate occurs naturally in many southwestern Australian species of the legume genera Gastrolobium and Oxylobium. No fluoroacetate-bearing species are known from southeastern Australia. Herbivores have evolved a high level of genetic tolerance to this toxin; this has persisted in some mammalian herbivores whose range now extends beyond the range of the toxic plants. Other species of mammals have acquired tolerance since extending their range into south-western Australia. This tolerance can be used as a genetic marker to identify the geographic origin and trace the subsequent spread of herbivorous mammals in southern Australia. In this paper, this marker has been used to clarify the recent evolutionary history of the western grey kangaroo, the tammar wallaby and the bush rat.
The Overwintering Survival of Adults of the Queensland Fruit Fly, Dacus Tryoni, Under Natural Conditions.
Authors: Fletcher BS
Published: June 2005

Estimates of the weekly survival rates of adult Dacus tryoni (Froggatt) in an overwintering site at Cam- den, N.S.W., indicated that the mortalities of males and females were similar and were related to the minimum temperatures the flies experienced. When minimum temperatures remained above 0�C the weekly mortality rate remained fairly constant at an average of 8% of the population per week. When sub-zero temperatures occurred mortality increased. An apparent decrease in survival at the end of the winter, which coincided with the period when temperatures rose above the developmental threshold for maturation, was attributed to emigration of flies from the overwintering site. The results are discussed in relation to the ecology of D. tryoni in the southern parts of its range.
Studies on mating behaviour in the Drosophila bipectinata complex
Authors: Hegde SN , Krishnamurthy NB
Published: June 2005

Courtship and mating behaviour were studied in six species and subspecies of the bipectinata complex of the melanogaster species-group of Drosophila. Species relationships inferred from the present behavioural observations were compatible with interrelationships inferred from studies on polytene chromosomal synapsis and allozymes by earlier workers. Thus D. bipectinata, D. parabipectinata and D. malerkotliana are more closely related to one another than to D. pseudoananassae, and D. bipectinata and D. parabipectinata are more closely related to each other than to D. malerkotliana.
The Fine Structure of the Luteal Cells in Relation to the Concentration of Progesterone in the Plasma of the Lactating Bandicoot, Isoodon Macrourus (Marsupialia: Peramelidae).
Authors: Gemmell RT
Published: June 2005

The ultrastructure of the corpora lutea of lactation in the bandicoot I. macrourus has been correlated with the concentration of progesterone in the maternal plasma. The circulating level of progesterone declined from a maximum of 12.3 � 1.6 (SE) ng ml-1 (n= 11) early in lactation at days 0-10 post partum, to 4.1 � 0.4 (SE) ng ml-1 (n=25) at days 11-57. This change in hormone concentration is in accord with the loss of densely staining granules from the luteal cells.
Social dominance and habitat utilization in Antechinus stuartii (Marsupialia)
Authors: Braithwaite RW
Published: June 2005

A trapping study of Antechinus stuartii was conducted in subtropical rain forest in 1971-72. Juveniles
were communal during the period of abundant food and became solitary in autumn when food
diminished. Dyad testing in a field observation cage permitted analysis of social dominance in males.
Dominant males had individual ranges in habitats where resources permitted rapid growth throughout
winter, whereas subordinate males, in poorer habitat, grew slowly. As winter mortality was low, the
advantage of this superior food resource base may lie during the mating season, the more energetic
dominant males being able to mate with more females. The probability of contribution to the gene
pool by subordinate males appears low. Selection for high male reproductive effort is intensified by
the brief annual mating season in this monoestrous species.
The life history of this species appears to be geared to predictable seasonal food resources, but it
may not be optimal throughout the present range, and the species appears to be evolutionarily
trapped.
Biology of Labdia Sp. (Lepidoptera: Cosmopterygidae), a Miner in Phyllodes of Acacia.
Authors: New TR
Published: June 2005

Labdia sp. mines phyllodes of several species of Acacia possessing large phyllodes. Its development in, and association with, A. saligna are outlined; the four larval instars all feed mainly on epidermis and palisade tissue, and pupation occurs within the mine. Faeces are extruded from the mine but retained in a mass on the outside and may protect the pupa. The life history and feeding biology of Labdia are compared with those of Acrocercops plebeia (Turner).
A Reappraisal of the Australian Species of the Genus Calomela Hope (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae).
Authors: Selman BJ
Published: June 2005

Calomela Hope, 1840, is redefined leaving the genus with 23 valid species including three new synonymies. Keys are produced to the species of Calomela and to separate the eight genera closely related to Calomela. The distributions of the species are mapped and the host plants listed. A list is given of the 33 species removed from Calomela and placed in other genera by the author in this and other recent papers. This list includes five new synonymies and seven new combinations.
Chromosome Variation in the Males of Some Australian Lygaeidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera).
Authors: Malipatil MB
Published: June 2005

Twenty-one species of Australian lygaeids belonging to six subfamilies have been examined cytologically. The two species of Lygaeinae both have 2n B = 14 including an XY sex chromosome pair. While all the remaining species were also XY in the male, diploid numbers of 12, 14, 16, 20 and 22 were found. which included a minute m-chromosome pair which is not represented in the Lygaeinae. The observed variation in chromosome number and size provides supporting evidence for the occurrence of both fusion and fission within the Heteroptera.
Observations on the corpus luteum during pregnancy and lactation in the marsupials Isooson macrous and Perameles nasuta
Authors: Lyne AG , Hollis DE
Published: June 2005

Ovaries from the bandicoots I. macrourus and P. nasuta, collected during pregnancy and lactation,
were examined macroscopically and with the light microscope. The mean number of corpora lutea
(CL) was greater in I. macrourus (5.13) than in P. nasuta (3.31). This difference in ovulation rate
was reflected in the mean number of embryos and the mean number of pouch young respectively
(I. macrourus 4.05, 3.07; P. nasuta 2.63, 2.65). During the first few days of pregnancy, the transformation of follicle granulosa cells into luteal cells was accompanied by the intrusion of the theca, which produced a network of blood vessels and connective tissue. A conspicuous feature of the developing CL was the presence of pools of blood between the luteal cells. By 5-6 days of pregnancy, the CL was a fully formed structure, the central cavity having been filled in by hypertrophy of the luteal cells and an increase in the connective tissue which formed a central core. The luteal cells had almost reached their maximum size and they contained numerous lipid droplets. Mitoses of luteal cells were not evident at any stage in the formation of the CL or later, though some of the luteal cells had two or more
nuclei. The structure of the CL and the diameter of the luteal cells and their nuclei remained almost
constant until regression occurred after the 45th day of the 60-day lactation period. Regression of the
CL was characterized by a marked reduction in the size of the luteal cells and their nuclei as well
as an increase in the connective tissue component. Diameters and volumes of the CL were similar in
the two species, reaching maxima during the second half of pregnancy and changing very little until
the 45th day of lactation, after which they decreased rapidly. This decline occurred whether or not
the animals subsequently ovulated during the last quarter of the lactation period.
Comments on the Classification of the Orthopteran Family Tettigoniidae, With a Key to Subfamilies and Description of Two New Subfamilies.
Authors: Rentz DCF
Published: June 2005

The present status of the classification of the family Tettigoniidae is discussed and a reclassification and an illustrated key to subfamilies are presented. Two new subfamilies are described: Apteropedetinae from the Andes of South America containing one genus (Apteropedetes, gen. nov.) and one species; Microtettigoniinae from southern Australia, containing one genus (Microtettigonia, gen. nov.) and two species (M. kangaroo, sp. nov., and M. tachys, sp. nov.).
A Review of Australian Copiphorini (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Conocephalinae).
Authors: Bailey WJ
Published: June 2005

The Australian members of the tribe Copiphorini (Tettigoniidae) are reviewed and their relationship to the Indo-Pacific species clarified. The principal character used is the stridulatory file of the male. This permits clear distinction of species within the four genera Pseudorhynchus, Euconocephalus, Ruspolia and Mygalopsis. Seven new species are named: P. raggei, P. selonis, E. broughtoni, R. marshallae, M. sandowi, M. marki and M. thielei. All genera are keyed, all species described and synonyms given. Distribution patterns are noted but not discussed in any detail.
Altitudinal Variation in, and Morphological Divergence between, Three Related Species of Grasshopper, Praxibulus sp., Kosciuscola cognatus and K. usitatus (Orthoptera:Acrididae)
Authors: Campbell NA , Dearn JM
Published: June 2005

Morphological variation between and within the closely related species Praxibuius sp.. Kosciuscola cognatus and K. usiratus has been examined along three independent altitudinal transects, by a multivariate statistical approach. The analyses, which were restricted to males. show that there is complete morphological separation between the three species. Moreover. there are species-specific patterns of character correlation which are consistent and relatively invariant within species, and do not exhibit altitudinal variation. The results suggest that there exist both distinct invariant species-specific character patterns and variable character patterns showing intraspecific variation. It is concluded that speciation in these grasshoppers could have involved genetic changes quite distinct from those involved in local intraspecific adaptation. Two further results are: first. evidence has been obtained for character displacement between Kosciuscola cognaius and Praxibulus sp. in an area of extensive sympatry: second. populations of K. cognatus along one transect, with a karyotype intermediate between typical K. cognatus and X usiiatus, show a parallel change in morphology towards that characteristic of K. usiiatus.
Potorous longipes (Marsupialia:Macropodidae); a New Species from Easter Victoria
Authors: Seebeck JH , Johnston PG
Published: June 2005

Potorous longipes, sp. nov., is described from east Gippsland, Vic. It is distinguished from P. tridactylus on the basis of cranial and pedal morphology, the presence of 24 chromosomes in both sexes (cf. P. tridactylus, 12 males, 13 females ) and electrophoretic differences in blood proteins. Descriptions of its open forest habitat are provided and its distribution relative to P. tridactylus in eastern Victoria is mapped. Brief notes on maintenance of the species in captivity are given.
Condition, Body Composition and Total Body Water Estimation in the Quokka, Setonix Brachyurus (Macropodidae).
Authors: Bakker HR , Main AR
Published: June 2005

In order to compare the welfare of different populations of the quokka on Rottnest I., the tammar Macropus eugenii on Garden I., and the hare-wallaby Lagorchestes conspicillatus on Barrow I., a condition index is developed, based on the relationship between body weight and leg length (from the bottom of the lateral calcaneal ridge of the calcaneum to the tibia1 tuberosity at the top of the tibia). Its validity was tested by determining body composition of 12 quokkas. There is a high correlation between the values predicted for sheep and those found in the quokka, but the quokka tends to have less fat and protein for a given weight and total body water content (TBW). In the quokka, tammar and hare-wallaby, there is a significant negative correlation between the condition index and corrected total body water content. The condition index of field animals of all three species is given. A significant difference was found between the condition of quokkas on Rottnest in April 1976 and April 1977. No significant differences existed between the hare-wallaby samples, either between locations or between seasons. The general application of the condition index is discussed.
Reproduction in the Herpetofaunal Community of a Banksia Woodland Near Perth, W.a.
Authors: Davidge C
Published: June 2005

Twelve species of lizards (Agamidae, Scincidae, Pygopodidae) and three species of frogs (Leptodac- tylidae) comprise the herpetofaunal community of a Banksia woodland under a mediterranean-type climate in Western Australia. The reptiles bred in September-November and laid eggs in early summer. The requirement of surface water for tadpole development for two of the frog species restricted their breeding time to winter and necessitated their migration from the study area, where no water was avail- able. The third species of frog, Myobatrachus gouldii, lacks an aquatic stage. Its reproductive pattern coincided with neither that of the reptiles nor the other frogs. Collections of most species in the com- munity were not equally divided between sexes. For reptiles, this possibly was owing to differential trapping of the sexes. The very high frequency of capture of female frogs, other than those of M. gouldii, was probably related to differential dispersal of the sexes from breeding areas. The distribution of the percentage frequency of snout-vent lengths for six species of lizards suggests that individuals did not breed until their second year.
Parent-Offspring Recognition in a Cockatoo, the Galah, Cacatua Roseicapilla.
Authors: Rowley I
Published: June 2005

The development of parent-offspring recognition in C. roseicapilla was studied both in the field and in the aviary by means of exchanging broods and by intensive observation at selected nest-hollows, one of which was fitted with a glass back. Nestlings begin to recognize their parents' calls during their fifth week and do not beg from strangers (= foster parents) until very hungry. Parent galahs are confused by this lack of response from changelings and do not enter the hollow until the young beg. When the nestlings are about 40 days old they begin to appear at the nest entrance and to call to, and answer, their parents. At this stage recognition by both parents and offspring is perfected so that when the young fledge (c. day 46) and join the local creche, mixing with other broods, siblings can recognize their parents' calls and the brood reassembles to be fed; parents feed only their own young.
A Systematic Revision of the Rhytidoponera Impressa Group (Hymenoptera : Formicidae) in Australia and New Guinea.
Authors: Ward PS
Published: June 2005

The Rhytidoponera impressa group is revised on the basis of worker ant morphology, supplemented by information from ecological and genetic studies. Five species are recognized, all of which occur in mesic habitats along the east coast of Australia: chalybaea Emery (New South Wales, southern Queensland), confusa, sp. nov. (Victoria, New South Wales, southern Queensland) enigmatica sp. nov. (Sydney region, N.S.W.),impressa Mayr (Queensland) and purpurea Emery (north Queensland, New Guinea). R. purpurea is the most distinct morphologically. Of the remaining species, chalybaea and confusa are exceedingly similar and in some localities can be unequivocably distinguished only on the basis of electrophoretic (allozyme) differences. Biogeographical relationships of the impressa group are discussed in relation to past climatic and vegetational changes.
Allelic Frequencies and Inheritance of Colour Pattern in Coelophora Inaequalis (F.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae).
Authors: Houston KJ , Hales DF
Published: June 2005

Crosses were made between different colour forms of the predacious coccinellid Coelophora inaequalis (F.) from the Brisbane (Queensland) and Sydney-Newcastle (New South Wales) areas, including 2 new forms ('yellow' and 'heavy'). The following alleles were involved in these crosses: 'nine-spotted', 'elongated stripe', 'normal', 'fused' (= 'standard'), 'zig-zag', 'black', 'yellow' and 'heavy'. All possible heterozygotes not previously described were obtained and figured. All the colour patterns produced by these alleles followed the rule of mosaic dominance. There was little difference in the frequencies of the above alleles between populations in Brisbane and Mareeba (northern Queensland), but the composition of the Sydney-Newcastle population was distinctly different. An examination of some major insect collections provided further information on the distribution of these alleles in Queensland and New South Wales.
Longevity of Cosmopolitan and Native Australian Drosophila in Ethanol Atmospheres.
Authors: Parsons PA
Published: June 2005

The longevity of adults exposed to ethanol vapour over solutions of ethanol in water is increased in
Drosophila species that are normally collected by attraction to fermented-fruit baits. These include
species of subgenera Drosophila, Dorsilopha, Sophophora and Scaptodrosophila. The increase occurs
up to a threshold where ethanol becomes a metabolic cost rather than a benefit. Except for a temperatezone
population of D. melanogaster with a threshold of about 12%, the remainder cluster between 1.6
and 5.1%. These latter include several species utilizing resources additional to fruits, in particular various
vegetables and flowers. Also included is the specialist species D. buzzatii which exploits the cactus
Opuntia as a resource. In contrast, D. (Scaptodrosophila) inornata, a species collected by sweeping in
southern temperate rain forests, has a threshold of <1% ethanol, while in D. (Scaptodrosophila) hibisci,
which utilizes endemic Hibiscus flowers as a resource, longevity is not increased. The frequency and
level of ethanol resource utilization in species not attracted to fermented-fruit baits is an open question.
However, it is likely that all species attracted to fermented-fruit baits are able to utilize gaseous ethanol.
Development of the Prothoracic Spiracles in Larvae of Sarcophaga Bullata (Sarcophagidae: Diptera).
Authors: Roberts B
Published: June 2005

At larviposition (0 h) up to 16 h of development the first tracheal metamere was undifferentiated.
At 16 h apolysis occurred, and by 18 h the tracheal epithelium was fully differentiated into the spiracle.
spiracular chamber and trachea of the second instar. Cuticle secretion commenced at 20 h, and sclerotization
was noted between 24 h and 28 h when the first ecdysis occurred. The development of the
larval respiratory system during the first instar is discussed in relation to endogenous ecdysteroid
titres.
The Medically Important Taxon Anopheles Farauti Laveran (Diptera: Culicidae) in Australia.
Authors: Mahon RJ , Miethke PM , Whelan PI
Published: June 2005

Chromosomal and cross-mating studies were used to study populations of Anopheles farauti Lav. in Australia. The results indicate that the 2 cryptic species called A. farauti No. 1 and No. 2 [see RAE/B 60, 1868; 61, 1456, etc.] are both present in Australia. In addition, evidence is presented that a third biological species is present in sympatry with them in Australia. Difficulties in identification, and the relevance of these findings, are discussed.
Revision of the Genus Metaselena Diakonoff (Lepidoptera:Tortricidae)
Authors: Horak M , Sauter W
Published: June 2005

The male genitalia of the genus Metaselena Diak. are described and illustrated for the first time, and
as a result of that the genus is transferred to the Olethreutinae. Eight new species of Metaselena -
lepta, rhabdota, symphylos, pemphigodes, pithana, platyptera, diakonoffi and allophlebodes - are described
and illustrated. The systematic position of Metaselena, so far known only from Australia and New
Guinea, is briefly discussed and the close association of the genus with Eucosmomorpha Obr. is pointed
out.
Catenicellid Cheilostome Bryozoa II.* Introduction to Ovicell Complexes
Authors: Wass RE , Banta C
Published: June 2005

Catenicellid ovicell complexes are of two types, 'terminal' and 'subterminal'. The former, found at
the end of a branch, generally consists of a female zoid with ovicell, together with vestigial ovicell
zoid and apical chamber. Subterminal ovicell complexes bud distally from part of the complex and
are generally composed of female zoid with ovicell, lateral zoid, and ovicell zoid with apical chamber.
For all 13 species described, the position of the ovicell complexes in the budding pattern is shown
diagrammatically. Frontal walls and associated structures of some species not described in a previous
study are included.
Karyotypes and Meiosis of the Morabine Grasshoppers III* The Genus Hastella
Authors: White MJD
Published: June 2005

The six species of this genus all have the primitive moiabine karotype (2n male = 17, male XO) modified
as a result of two dissociations (numbered D9 and D10) that have fragmented the original AB and
CD metacentric chromosomes into acrocentrics A,B, C and D. This has produced a 2n male = 21 karyotype
in four of the species. In the two remaining species (H. spinipinnis and H. longirostris), which
have a somewhat more westerly distribution in northern Australia. a fusion (F20) between two of the
small chromosomes is present; this has reduced the chromosome number to 2n males = 19. All the species
are XO in the male sex. From the limited material available, five of the species appear to be
chromosomally monomorphic, but the rather widespread H. obtusipinnis is polymorphic for several
structural chromosome rearrangements.