bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of Secondary Ice Production on Arctic Stratocumulus
Authors: Sotiropoulou Georgia , Sullivan Sylvia , Savre Julien , Lloyd Gary , Lachlan-Cope Thomas , Ekman Annica M. L. , Nenes Athanasios
Published: September 2019

Abstract. In-situ measurements of Arctic clouds frequently show that ice crystal number concentrations (ICNCs) are much higher than the available ice-nucleating particles (INPs), suggesting that Secondary Ice Production (SIP) may be active. Here we use a Lagrangian Parcel Model and a Large Eddy Simulation to investigate the impact of three SIP mechanisms (rime-splintering, break-up from ice-ice collisions and droplet-shattering) on a summer Arctic stratocumulus case observed during the Cloud Coupling And Climate Interactions in the Arctic (ACCACIA) campaign. Primary ice alone cannot explain the observed ICNCs, and droplet-shattering is an ineffective SIP mechanism for the conditions considered. Rime-splintering, a mechanism that usually dominates within the studied temperature range, is also weak owing to the lack of large droplets to initiate this process. In contrast, break-up enhances ICNCs by 1–1.5 orders of magnitude, bringing simulations in good agreement with observations. Combining both processes can further explain some of the largest ICNCs observed. The main conclusions of this study show low sensitivity to the assumed INP and Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN) conditions. Our results indicate that collisional break-up may be an important ice-multiplication mechanism that is currently not represented in large-scale models. Finally, we also show that a simplified treatment of SIP, using a LPM constrained by a LES and/or observations, provides a realistic yet computationally efficient description of SIP effects that can eventually serve as an efficient way to parameterize this process in large-scale models.
On developing a new ionospheric plasma index for Brazilian equatorial F region irregularities
Authors: Resende Laysa Cristina Araujo , Denardini Clezio Marcos , Picanço Giorgio Arlan Silva , Moro Juliano , Barros Diego , Figueiredo Cosme Alexandre Oliveira Barros , Silva Régia Pereira
Published: September 2019

Abstract. F region vertical drifts (Vz) are the result of the
interaction between ionospheric plasma with the zonal electric field and
the Earth's magnetic field. Abrupt variations in Vz are strongly
associated with the occurrence of plasma irregularities (spread F) during
the nighttime periods. These irregularities are manifestations of space
weather in the ionosphere's environment without necessarily requiring a solar
burst. In this context, the Brazilian Space Weather Study and Monitoring
Program (Embrace) of the National Institute for Space Research (INPE) has
been developing different indexes to analyze these ionospheric
irregularities in the Brazilian sector. Therefore, the main purpose of this
work is to produce a new ionospheric scale based on the analysis of the
ionospheric plasma drift velocity, named AV. It is based on the maximum
value of Vz (Vzp), which in turn is calculated through its
relationship with the virtual height parameter, h′F, measured by the Digisonde
Portable Sounder (DPS-4D) installed in São Luís (2∘ S,
44∘ W; dip: −2.3∘). This index quantifies the time
relationship between the Vz peak and the irregularity observed in the
ionograms. Thus, in this study, we analyzed 7 years of data, between 2009
and 2015, divided by season in order to construct a standardized scale. The
results show there is a delay of at least 15 min between the Vzp
observation and the irregularity occurrence. Finally, we believe that this
proposed index allows for evaluating the impacts of ionospheric phenomena in the
space weather environment.
Towards a global understanding of vegetation–climate dynamics at multiple time scales
Authors: Linscheid Nora , Estupinan-Suarez Lina M. , Brenning Alexander , Carvalhais Nuno , Cremer Felix , Gans Fabian , Rammig Anja , Reichstein Markus , Sierra Carlos A. , Mahecha Miguel D.
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Climate variables carry signatures of variability at multiple time scales. How these modes of variability are reflected in the state of the terrestrial biosphere is still not quantified, nor discussed at the global scale. Here, we set out to gain a global understanding of the relevance of different modes of variability in vegetation greenness and its co-variability with climate. We used > 30 years of remote sensing records of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to characterize biosphere variability across time scales from sub-monthly oscillations to decadal trends using discrete Fourier decomposition. Climate data of air temperature (Tair) and precipitation (Prec) were used to characterize atmosphere-biosphere co-variability at each time scale. Our results show that short-term (intra-annual) and longer-term (inter-annual and longer) modes of variability make regionally highly important contributions to NDVI variability: Short-term oscillations focus in the tropics where they shape 27 % of NDVI variability. Longer-term oscillations shape 9 % of NDVI variability, dominantly in semi-arid shrublands. Assessing dominant time scales of vegetation-climate co-variation, a natural surface classification emerges which captures patterns not represented by conventional classifications, especially in the tropics. Finally, we find that correlations between variables can differ and even invert signs across time scales. For southern Africa for example, correlation between NDVI and Tair is positive for the seasonal signal, but negative for short-term and longer-term oscillations, indicating that both short and long-term temperature anomalies can induce stress on vegetation dynamics. Such contrasting correlations between time scales exist for 15 % of vegetated area for NDVI with Tair, and 27 % with Prec, indicating global relevance of scale-specific climate sensitivities. Our analysis provides a detailed picture of vegetation-climate co-variability globally, characterizing ecosystems by their intrinsic modes of temporal variability. We find that (i) correlations of NDVI with climate can differ between scales, (ii) non-dominant sub-signals in climate variables may dominate the biospheric response, and (iii) possible links may exist between short-term and longer-term scales. These heterogeneous ecosystem responses on different time scales may depend on climate zone and vegetation type, and are to date not well understood, nor always correspond to transitions in dominant vegetation types. These scale dependencies can be a benchmark for vegetation model evaluation and for comparing remote sensing products.
IMPACT OF DIFFERENT TRAJECTORIES ON EXTRINSIC SELF-CALIBRATION FOR VEHICLE-BASED MOBILE LASER SCANNING SYSTEMS
Authors: Hillemann M. , Meidow J. , Jutzi B.
Published: September 2019

Abstract. The extrinsic calibration of a Mobile Laser Scanning system aims to determine the relative orientation between a laser scanner and a sensor that estimates the exterior orientation of the sensor system. The relative orientation is one component that limits the accuracy of a 3D point cloud which is captured with a Mobile Laser Scanning system. The most efficient way to determine the relative orientation of a Mobile Laser Scanning system is using a self-calibration approach as this avoids the need to perform an additional calibration beforehand. Instead, the system can be calibrated automatically during data acquisition. The entropy-based self-calibration fits into this category and is utilized in this contribution. In this contribution, we analyze the impact of four different trajectories on the result of the entropy-based self-calibration, namely (i) uni-directional, (ii) ortho-directional, (iii) bi-directional, and (iv) multi-directional trajectory. Theoretical considerations are supported by experiments performed with the publicly available MLS 1 – TUM City Campus data set. The investigations show that strong variations of the yaw angle in a confined space or bidirectional trajectories as well as the variation of the height of the laser scanner are beneficial for calibration.
CITY MODELLING USING GEOINFORMATICS: A CASE STUDY OF THE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING CAMPUS, SALAHADDIN UNIVERSITY, IRAQ
Authors: Sadeq H.
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Although personal computers, smartphones and software for viewing 3D digital maps are available, online tools must be provided to aid people in different countries in visualising good locations for navigation and planning. This work presents a methodology for implementing geoinformatics to produce a 3D city model by using free rectified satellite imagery and stereo aerial imagery as data sources. Although satellite imagery has a low resolution (Thus, results will not be accurate if compared to aerial imagery.), the imagery is used to evaluate the potential of implementing such data for developing countries with limited access to data and resources. Satellite imagery with limited resolution can be used to produce models in LoD1 according to CityGML. For enhanced building details (i.e. LoD2) and an accurate 3D model, stereo aerial imagery is adopted, but this high-resolution method is costly. High-accuracy stereo aerial imagery is used to evaluate the model produced from the free satellite imagery. Finally, the results are published for online viewing.
CHARACTERIZATION AND MODELING SURFACE SOIL PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES USING LANDSAT IMAGES: A CASE STUDY IN THE IRAQI KURDISTAN REGION
Authors: Al-Quraishi A. M. F. , Sadiq H. A. , Messina J. P.
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Quickly and accurately soil properties characterization is critical for many environmental and agricultural activities. This paper aimed at characterizing and modelling the surface soil physicochemical properties using soil laboratory analyses, Landsat-7 ETM+ images, statistical analyses, remote sensing and GIS techniques. A mosaic of two Landsat-7 ETM+ images and forty geo-referenced surface soil samples (0–10 cm) have been collected in 2012 from forty sites in the Iraqi Kurdistan region were used. Several physicochemical properties for the collected soil samples were estimated using laboratory analyses. In addition, the corresponding top-of-atmosphere(ToA) reflectance values, which extracted from the Landsat ETM+ images have been used. Statistical correlation and regression analyses using the SPSS were carried out to explore the most significant relationships among soil properties and the spectral bands of the ETM+ images. Predicted maps for the surface soil physicochemical characteristics were generated using ERDAS ER-Mapper. The study results revealed some significant relationships between the ETM+ images bands values and the studied soil properties. The strongest relationship was found to be between the air-dry soil moisture content (ADSMC) and the ETM+ images bands. Given a representative collection of field data, the methods presented offer a reliable set of tools for the rapid production of surface soil maps in arid environments.
AUTOMATED CHAIN FOR LARGE-SCALE 3D RECONSTRUCTION OF URBAN SCENES FROM SATELLITE IMAGES
Authors: Tripodi S. , Duan L. , Trastour F. , Poujad V. , Laurore L. , Tarabalka Y.
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Automatic city modeling from satellite imagery is a popular yet challenging topic in remote sensing, driven by numerous applications such as telecommunications, defence and urban mamagement. In this paper, we present an automated chain for large-scale 3D reconstruction of urban scenes with a Level of Detail 1 from satellite images. The proposed framework relies on two key ingredient. First, from a stereo pair of images, we estimate a digital terrain model and a digital height model, by using a novel set of feature descriptors based on multiscale morphological analysis. Second, inspired by recent works in machine learning, we extract in an automatic way contour polygons of buildings, by adopting a fully convolutional network U-Net followed by a polygonization of the predicted mask of buildings. We demonstrate the potential of our chain by reconstructing in an automated way different areas of the world.
A DEEP LEARNING APPROACH FOR URBAN UNDERGROUND OBJECTS DETECTION FROM VEHICLE-BORNE GROUND PENETRATING RADAR DATA IN REAL-TIME
Authors: Zong Z. , Chen C. , Mi X. , Sun W. , Song Y. , Li J. , Dong Z. , Huang R. , Yang B.
Published: September 2019

Abstract. GPRs (Ground Penetrating Radar) are widely adopted in underground space survey and mapping, because of their advantages of fast data acquisition, convenience, high imaging resolution and NDT (Non Destructive Testing) inspection. However, at present, the automation of the GPR data post-processing is low and the identification of underground objects needs expert interpretation. The heavy manual interpretation labor limits the GPR applications in large-scale urban scenarios. According to the latest research, it is still an unsolved problem to detect targets or defects in GPR data automatically and needs further exploration. In this paper, we propose a deep learning method for real-time detection of underground targets from GPR data. Seven typical targets in urban underground space are identified and labelled to construct the training dataset. The constructed dataset is consist of 489 labelled samples including rainwater wells, cables, metal/nonmetal pipes, sparse/dense steel reinforcement, voids. The training dataset is further augmented to produce more samples. DarkNet53 convolutional neural network (CNN) is trained using the constructed training dataset including realistic data and augmented data to extract features of the buried objects. And then the end-to-end YOLO detection framework is used to classify and locate the seven specific categories buried targets in the GPR data in real time. Experiments show that the automatic real-time detection method proposed in this paper can effectively detect the buried objects in the ground penetrating radar image in real time at Shenzhen test site (typical urban road scene).
A methodology to conduct wind damage field surveys for high impact weather events from convective origin
Authors: Rodríguez Oriol , Bech Joan , Soriano Juan de Dios , Gutiérrez Delia , Castán Salvador
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Post-event damage assessments are essential to document the effects of high-impact weather events such as floods or strong wind events. Moreover, evaluating the damage and characterizing its extension and intensity can be helpful for further analysis such as completing a diagnostic meteorological case study. This paper presents a methodology to perform field surveys of damage caused by strong winds of convective origin, i.e. tornado, downburst and other types of convective winds. It is based on previous studies and also on 136 fieldworks performed by the authors in Spain from 2004 to 2018. The methodology includes the systematic collection of pictures and records of damages on man-made structures and on vegetation, as well as collection of any available Automatic Weather Station data, witness reports and images of the phenomenon and their location and orientation. Three final deliverables are proposed to synthesize the data recorded: (i) A summary of the fieldwork; (ii) A table consisting of detailed geolocated information about each damage, and (iii) A map or a .kml file containing the previous information ready for graphical display and further analysis. This methodology has been applied by the authors in the past, sometimes only a few hours after the event occurrence and, in many occasions, when the type of convective phenomenon (e.g. tornado, downburst) was uncertain. In the latter case the information resulting from this methodology has proofed very useful to discern the phenomenon type, based on the damage patterns particularly if no witness reports were available. The application of systematic methodologies as the one presented here is necessary in order to build homogeneous databases of severe weather cases and high impact weather events.
Revising the stochastic iterative ensemble smoother
Authors: Raanes Patrick Nima , Stordal Andreas Størksen , Evensen Geir
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Ensemble randomized maximum likelihood (EnRML) is an iterative (stochastic) ensemble smoother,
used for large and nonlinear inverse problems,
such as history matching and data assimilation.
Its current formulation is overly complicated and
has issues with computational costs, noise, and covariance localization,
even causing some practitioners to omit crucial prior information.
This paper
resolves these difficulties
and streamlines the algorithm
without changing its output.
These simplifications are achieved through the careful treatment of
the linearizations and subspaces.
For example, it is shown
(a) how ensemble linearizations relate to average sensitivity
and (b) that the ensemble does not lose rank during updates.
The paper also draws significantly on the theory of
the (deterministic) iterative ensemble Kalman smoother (IEnKS).
Comparative benchmarks are obtained with the Lorenz 96 model
with these two smoothers and the ensemble smoother using multiple data assimilation (ES-MDA).
The impact of melt water discharge from the Greenland ice sheet on the Atlantic nutrient supply to the Northwest European Shelf
Authors: Mathis Moritz , Mikolajewicz Uwe
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Projected future shoaling of the wintertime mixed layer in the Northeast (NE) Atlantic has been shown to induce a regime shift in the main nutrient supply pathway from the Atlantic to the Northwest European Shelf (NWES) near the end of the 21st century. While reduced winter convection leads to a substantial decrease in the vertical nutrient supply and biological productivity in the open ocean, vertical mixing processes at the shelf break maintain a connection to the subpycnocline nutrient pool and thus productivity on the shelf. Here we investigate how meltwater discharge from the Greenland ice sheet (GIS) not yet taken into account impacts the mixed layer shoaling and the regime shift in terms of spatial distribution and temporal variability. To this end we have downscaled sensitivity experiments by a global earth system model for various GIS melting rates with a regionally coupled ocean-atmosphere climate system model. The model results indicate that increasing GIS meltwater discharge leads to a general intensification of the regime shift. Atlantic subpycnocline water masses mixed up at the shelf break become richer in nutrients and thus limit the projected nutrient decline on the shelf. Moreover, the stronger vertical nutrient gradient through the pycnocline results in an enhanced interannual variability of on-shelf nutrient fluxes which, however, do not significantly increase variations in nutrient concentrations and primary production on the shelf. Moreover, due to the impact of the GIS meltwater discharge on the NE Atlantic mixed layer depth, the regime shift becomes initiated earlier in the century by about 1–2 decades, depending on the discharge rate. The effect on the onset timing, though, is found to be strongly damped by the weakening of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. A GIS melting rate that is even 10 times higher than expected for emission scenario RCP8.5 would lead to an onset of the regime shift not until the 2070s.
P. Chiesa, A. M. Fagnoni y R. E. Guglielmetti (eds.), "Ingenio Facilis. Per Giovanni Orlandi (1938-2007)", Florencia, Sismel-Edizioni del Galluzzo, 2017, 270 pp.
Authors: Aguilar Miquel Julia
Published: September 2019

Conformado por nueve trabajos de algunos de los filólogos más reputados actualmente en el ámbito de la filología latina medieval, el presente volumen constituye un espléndido homenaje a Giovanni Orlandi (†2007), uno de los latinistas más prestigiosos del pasado siglo, cuya impronta en el terreno de la filología mediolatina se ve reflejada no solo en sus numerosísimas contribuciones, sino también en las brillantes carreras de sus discípulos.
EFFECTS OF SILANE AGENTS AND CURING TEMPERATURES ON VULCANIZATE STRUCTURES
Authors: Ahn Byungkyu , Lee Jong-Yeop , Kim Donghyuk , Kim Il Jin , Han Sangwook , Kim Wonho
Published: September 2019

Silane coupling agents are commonly used in silica-filled rubber compounds to hydrophobize the silica surface and improve filler–rubber interaction. The coupling agent bis[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl]tetrasulfide (TESPT) is the most widely used coupling agent. The tetrasulfide is more reactive than the disulfide in bis[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl]disulfide (TESPD) due to its low decomposition energy, resulting in more coupling reaction with rubber molecules. Meanwhile, vulcanization temperature affects chemical networks. Polysulfide is vulnerable to heat, so it can be easily broken to form shorter crosslinks. Compounds with TESPD or TESPT were vulcanized at 160 and 180 °C. In addition to the decomposition, the reactivity of the silanes was confirmed from the cure characteristics of the compounds without the curatives. TESPD could also cause a coupling reaction without the curatives such as TESPT known to release free sulfur. By analyzing vulcanizate structures, total crosslink density was separated into chemical crosslink density and filler–rubber networks. Applying TESPT or vulcanizing at 180 °C increased the filler–rubber networks, and the higher vulcanization temperature decreased the chemical crosslink density. By correlating physical properties, effects of the vulcanizate structures on performance of tread compounds were investigated. The filler–rubber interaction was dominant for wet traction and mechanical properties in tensile test. The chemical crosslink density affected rolling resistance.
Social Synchrony and Tuning Out: Karen Participation in Music, Tradition, and Ethnicity in Northern Thailand
Authors: Fairfield Benjamin
Published: September 2019

Participatory genres of music have been recognized as spaces in which ethnic group identity is not just imaginable but also felt, seen, heard, and embodied. Engaged participation indeed builds solidarity and social synchrony, but beyond the ring of interacting participants can sometimes be found objectors who, in spite of the accessibility of the music, feel, mandate, or choose exclusion. This article tracks artist Chi Suwichan Phattanaphraiwan’s use of Karen (Pgaz K’Nyau) funeral music in Thailand to show the cultural complexity of an ethnic group emergent both in musical participation and in the refusal to engage. Ethnic identity is asserted in participation, as well as by “tuning out”

บทคัดย่อ. เป็นที่ยอมรับกันว่า ดนตรีประเภทมีส่วนร่วมถือเป็น พื้นที่ ที่ไม่เพียงทำให้นึกภาพเอกลักษณ์ของกลุ่มชาติพันธุ์ภายในนั้นได้เท่านั้น แต่ยังทำให้ รู้สึก เห็น ได้ยิน และแฝงจิตวิญญาณได้อีกด้วย การมีส่วนร่วมอย่างผูกพันกันนั้น แน่นอนว่าจะสร้างความสามัคคีและความพร้อมเพรียงทางสังคมขึ้น แต่นอกเหนือจากวงผู้มีส่วนร่วมปฏิสัมพันธ์กันแล้ว บางครั้งก็ยังสามารถพบเห็นผู้รังเกียจที่แม้จะมีโอกาสเข้าถึงดนตรี แต่กลับ รู้สึก สั่ง หรือเลือกการตีตัวออกห่าง บทความนี้ติดตามการใช้ดนตรีงานศพของชาวปกาเกอะญอในประเทศไทยของศิลปิน ชิ สุวิชาน พัฒนาไพรวัลย์ ในการแสดงความซับซ้อนทางวัฒนธรรมของกลุ่มชาติพันธุ์ ทั้งในการมีส่วนร่วมทางดนตรีและในการปฏิเสธที่จะเข้าร่วม เอกลักษณ์ทางชาติพันธุ์ถูกแสดงออกในการมีส่วนร่วมและโดยการ เมินเฉย
The Tarpon Springs Greektown Traditional Cultural District: The National Register Nomination and the Battle of the Sponge Docks
Authors: Bucuvalas Tina
Published: September 2019

Since 1905, Tarpon Springs’ Greektown Historic District has been significant for its tenacious continuity of Greek traditional culture. In 2014, it became Florida’s first Traditional Cultural Property listed on the National Register and the nation’s first non-indigenous TCP district. The essay examines local issues surrounding the district and its development, as well as the National Register nomination process and the role it played in saving Greektown from culturally destructive gentrification.
Structural Equation Modeling Applied to Socioeconomic Indicators in the Production of Sugarcane, in the State of Goiás
Authors: Marc Nacife Jean , Soares Frederico A. Loureiro , Teixeira Marconi Batista , Santos Leonardo Nazário S. dos , Castoldi Gustavo
Published: September 2019

Agribusiness has played a strategic role for Brazil's development with the challenge of sustainable agriculture. It is proposed to determine, through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), the validity and effects of the relationships between socioeconomic factors of the sugarcane production system in Quirinópolis, providing subsidies to the decision-making process of agricultural establishments. The research methodological approach was quantitative, applying techniques of normality statistics, hypothesis and multivariate analysis without statistical significance (P <0,05). A path diagram model was developed that presented structural quality adjustment and its validated explanatory equations, obtaining relevant R2. The results demonstrate that the Equation 1 (IBCcane = 0.02Rcane - 0.75ICcane – 0.46ISVO + 0.35ISPS + error) is explained in 73.7% of its variance (R2), in the Equation 2 (ICcane = 0.59ISVO – 0.45ISPS + 0.35SizeEstablis + error) successor vocation affects 42% on production costs and in the Equation 3 (Rcane = -0.40 AgroDistance – 0.16ISPS + error) the distance between farm and agribusiness influences 72% on the proposed revenue mix. The SEM analysis verified that social factors influence the economic factors that compose the sugarcane production system studied. The path diagram proved that the influence track relative to the costs in the proposed model is more representative than revenue for the economic results of rural sugarcane establishments.
Cyber Laundering: A Threat to Banking Industries in Bangladesh: In Quest of Effective Legal Framework and Cyber Security of Financial Information
Authors: Joveda Nahid , Khan Md. Tarek , Pathak Abhijit
Published: September 2019

Cyberspace is a great media for exchanging information and data in the arena of E-banking. Banks are under pressure for the establishment of digitalization in its day by day operations to satisfy the clients' need. But the abuse of information technology has become a menace in the banking sector of Bangladesh. Concealing of original source and using advance technological solutions to transfer money illegally– the whole phenomenon is called Cyber laundering. This paper offers insights to increase an understanding of the nexus of corruption in banks, local economy and money laundering scandals. It examines the launderers' typology of crimes— both potential and real. Through this paper it is a small initiative to point out the national control mechanisms to deal with the issues of money laundering in banks. The research is based on accessible data from papers, journals, various reports, etc. The illicit flow of money through banks has created worldwide millions of dollar misfortunes. This paper focuses on creating a Cybersecurity system for detecting money laundering as it has become a threat to Bangladesh's economy. Are there any self-evident weaknesses in the financial framework that make it treatable efficiently? It is critical to acknowledge that how the security viewpoints in a financial framework can impact such unlawful exercises which are then lead to an extraordinary lost to the economic development.
The True Valuation of Land Use Project in China Considering Ecosystem Services
Authors: Li Man-Jing , Han Jia-Xu , Zhu Mao , Zhang Yuan-Biao
Published: September 2019

Nowadays, most land use projects disregard the impact of their decisions on the biosphere. However, they often directly affect the biodiversity and lead to environmental degradation. Considering this issue, we first select indexes from four dimensions: provisioning, regulating, supporting and culture, and establish a static ecosystem services valuation (SESV) model using equivalent factor method. Then, introducing dynamic adjustment coefficient and current discount rate, we construct a dynamic ecosystem services valuation (DESV) model, which is used to put a value on the environmental cost of land use projects. Moreover, we use entropy method to calculate the weights of the economic benefit indexes we choose and establish an economic benefit (EB) model to determine project benefit. After that, we select Canglong District Development Project in Wuhan and Three Gorges Project in China as a small community-based project and a large national project respectively to perform a cost benefit analysis using the models. As the results, compared to small-scale project, large-scale project can greatly increase the economic benefit, but at the same time, it notably increases the environmental degradation cost. Effectiveness analysis proves that the results are effective and reliable.
Connecting the dots: understanding the relationship between religiosity, psychological
resilience and depression in breast cancer patients
Authors: Fradelos EC.
Published: September 2019

Introduction: Death anxiety, fear of abundance, isolation, stigma of the disease and medication side effects are among the most common sources of anxiety and depression in patients with breast cancer.

Purpose: To examine the possible relationship between religiosity, psychological resilience and depression on breast cancer patients.

Materials and methods: A cross-sectional design was employed in this study which 152 breast cancer patients participated. Data were collected with the following instruments: Patient Health Questionnaire-2-item scale, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale 25 and Centrality of Religiosity Scale and a special designed sheet reporting social, demographic and clinical characteristics. Statistical analyses were conducted with the Statistical Package for the Social Science V25. Descriptive statistics such means, and frequencies were calculated and inferential statistics such correlation test, simple and multiple regression analysis were applied.

Results: Approximately 1 in 3 patients suffered symptoms of depression while they were reporting moderate religiosity and resilience values. Based on the four-step mediation analysis religiosity was strongly associated with psychological resilience but it was not found to affect directly either depression, but psychological resilience can be a mediator between religiosity and depression.

Conclusion: This study supports the notion thatreligiosity and spirituality can have a beneficial influence on health outcomes.
The knowledge of beauty salon clients about hallux valgus therapy. Preliminary study
Authors: Niczyporuk M. , Pupek P. , Masłowska J. , Knaś M.
Published: September 2019

Introduction: Hallux valgus is a frequent painful deformity of the feet, and occurs most often in women of different ages. People with hallux valgus have, among others, a genetic predisposition, a weaker ligament-and joint structure of the foot, pes planus (flatfoot), rheumatoid arthritis, muscular balance disorders, are obese, and wear improper footwear.

Purpose: To assess the knowledge of beauty salon clients on the subject of professional care of hallux valgus.

Materials and methods: Research was conducted in a beauty salon in Lomza, Poland using an original questionnaire. The study was approved (No. 4/2013)
by the senate of the Ethics Committee of the Lomza
State University of Applied Sciences.

Results: The conducted research showed that 48% of the surveyed women dealt with hallux valgus using orthopedic insoles, and 26% underwent procedures recommended by a specialist. Respondents knew kinesiotherapy and taping as treatment methods for this ailment. The vast majority of the surveyed women would undergo non-surgical hallux valgus treatment, and only a few would opt for surgery.

Conclusions: The knowledge of the studied women about hallux valgus was quite extensive.
Effect of a high amino acid diet on antioxidant barrier parameters of rat skin. Part 2
Authors: Knaś M. , Niczyporuk M. , Grądzka K. , Car H.
Published: September 2019

Purpose: The imbalance between the formation of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant capacity of the body is known as oxidative stress. Exposition of the skin to free radicals, the origin of the internal and external causes activation of multiple mechanisms to eliminate them and prevent in this way the development of oxidative stress. The aim of this experiment was examining what changes are taking place in the antioxidant barrier of unwounded healthy skin of rats, who are on a high amino acids diet for 7 and 14 days at administered doses of 0.3 and 0.5 g/kg body weight.

Materials and Methods: The study was performed on male Wistar rats divided into 5 groups: 1. control (standard feed), 2. high amino acid diet (WPC-80 80% whey protein) administered for 7 days at a dose of 0.3g/kg of body weight, 3. WPC-80 for 7 days at a dose of 0.5g/kg of body weight, 4. WPC-80 for 14 days at a dose of 0.3g/kg of body weight, 5. WPC-80 for 14 days at a dose of 0.5g/kg of body weight. The concentration of superoxide dismutase 2 and 3, the concentration of catalase specific activity of glutathione peroxidase, the concentration of glutathione and total protein content were determined.

Results: The supplementation of the standard diet by the preparation of WPC-80 administered in a dose 0.5 g/kg body weight for 14 days containing methionine and cysteine (essential amino acids involved in the formation of glutathione), significantly increases the concentration of reduced glutathione.

Conclusions: Enrichment of a standard diet with WPC-80 caused by the significant increases of non-enzymatic antioxidant.
Epigenetic understanding of pain mechanisms and modern
treatment perspectives
Authors: Jośko-Ochojska Jadwiga
Published: September 2019

Human and animal research showed that environmental factors and lifestyle change ‘activate and
deactivate’ gene expression due to epigenetic processes, which influences the perception of pain. Chronic and
acute pain induce cellular memory of pain. It means that tissue lesion may cause epigenetic changes depending
on the scale and kind of injury and conditions related to it. Cellular memory about pain may be transmitted to
the cells of offspring through transgenerational transmission, thus inducing in further generations anxiety to
neutral stimuli, related to the pain of their ancestors. In the same way, the consequences of excess opioid use
may be transmitted to future generations, which is particularly dangerous, as the phenomenon of opioid abuse
is becoming a serious threat to public health. It was proved that epigenetic changes in chronic pain occur in
concrete genes in various diseases and conditions. Epigenetic changes also occur in genes influencing pain
sensitivity. Changes in DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNA in regions related to pain,
cause neuropathic, inflammatory and visceral pains. Epigenetic regulation of gene expression has recently been
one of the most important objects in research on pain pathogenesis. The consequences are therapy trials with the
use of DNA demethylation or reacetylation of histone lysine residues. In animal and human research, it was proved that the use of histone deacetylase inhibitors and DNA methyltransferase inhibitors decreases pain sensation.
The research in the creation of new analgesics is promising. However, current epigenetic medications are highly
nonspecific inhibitors that may have unknown side effects. Currently available knowledge does not allow yet to
state whether they can be used in a long-term treatment of chronic pain.
Resazurin Method for Evaluation of Bioactive Compounds from Cranberry Extracts Using the Metabolic Activity of a ΔSOD1 Mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Yeast Under Severe Osmotic Stress
Authors: Święciło Agata , Rybczyńska-Tkaczyk Kamila
Published: September 2019

Background: In addition to nutrients, plant raw materials for food production should also contain substances with beneficial biological properties, which unquestionably include antioxidant compounds. Among the numerous methods of determining the antioxidant properties of samples of plant material, biological methods that provide information about not only the in vivo antioxidant potential of samples but also their metabolism and bioavailability are increasingly valued. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the antioxidant properties of extracts from large cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) obtained from different producers. Methods: Biologically active compounds were extracted from cranberry fruits using water alone and ethyl alcohol–water in proportions of 1+1 and 4+1 (v/v) as solvents. The following were determined in the extracts: content of phenolic compounds and anthocyanins, total antioxidant capacity based on reduction of the ABTS+• [2,20-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)] radical cation, and antioxidant properties as reflected by the growth of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae Δsod1 mutant in a liquid hypertonic environment. The growth parameters of this Δsod1 mutant, monitored by a method exploiting a color reaction with resazurin, reflected the antioxidant properties of the extracts. Results: The ethanol–water cranberry extracts showed higher content of polyphenols, anthocyanins, and total antioxidants expressed as Trolox equivalent, determined on the basis of ABTS+• reduction. Conclusions: The antioxidant properties determined by the bioassay did not respond strongly to the data obtained in the in vitro chemical and biochemical assays, because they were more closely associated with the batch of fruit than with the type of solvent used to extract phytochemicals.
Cultural Ethics and Social Mediation of Environmental Action and Use of Space in Nigeria
Authors: Chokor Boyowa Anthony ,   Center for Environmental Philosophy, The University of North Texas
Published: September 2019

Space provides the major context for environmental interactions, both social or physical. In Africa the use of space is mediated by sociocultural values, beliefs, and norms. Segments of space from the room to the village square and surrounding natural environment have domains of cultural rules, symbols, and meanings assigned to them with import for environmental behavior and action among elders, children, and women. They illuminate aspects of the social enforcement of three forms of environment-related rules: “prescriptive,” mediating, and community-assigned environmental codes/taboos, some of which may require purification rites for violations. Several transgenerational eco-thoughts and eco-fantasies embedded in social practices have significant bearing on sustainable environmental conservation. Five major contexts are in deep interplay between community environmental ethics and environmental action: (1) the adoption and evocation of spiritualized rules in regulating the use of space; (2) the declaration of sacred grounds and territories to bound people; (3) the evolution of time-and place-related rules; (4) the use of physical designs to secure behavioral expectations; and (5) the role of “regulatory social institutions” in the enforcement of environmental codes. They point to the fact that cultural and social meanings assigned to the ordinary physical environment are important in deconstructing peoples’ use of space. While traditional communal environmental norms can be given preeminence, their correlates in cosmopolitan societies are exemplified in the complex formal rules sometimes employed in regulating the use of space, creating a juridical order in the drive for efficiency and profit in capitalistic societies.
Gender, Agriculture, and Climate Policy in Ghana
Authors: Opoku Emmanuela , Glazebrook Trish ,   Center for Environmental Philosophy, The University of North Texas
Published: September 2019

Ghana is aware of women farmers’ climate adaptation challenges in meeting the country’s food security needs and has strong intentions to support these women, but is stymied by economic limitations, poor organization in governance, persistent social gender biases, and either little or counter-productive support from international policy makers and advisory bodies. Focal issues are the global impacts of climate change on agriculture, Africa’s growing hunger crisis, and women’s contribution to food production in Ghana. Of special importance are the issues of gender-inclusiveness and gender-sensitivity of Ghana’s climate and climate-related policies, including its integration of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change policy, as well as the influence of international economic policy on Ghana’s gender development. Because women farmers provide the majority of the country’s national food-basket, Ghana (as well as other African counries) should focus on building women subsistence farmers’ adaptation needs to avert mass starvation. People should understand that starvation in Africa is not a future event but is already underway.
Two new species of Fridericia (Annelida: Enchytraeidae) from Hungarian caves
Authors: Dózsa-Farkas Klára , Nagy Hajnalka , Felföldi Tamás
Published: September 2019

Cave research in Hungary has developed a lot in the last decade. As a part of this progress, enchytraeid specimens were collected from Hungarian caves and were subsequently characterized by comparative morphological and molecular taxonomic analyses. Molecular phylogenetic studies based on ITS, CO1 and H3 sequences and morphological results confirmed that these specimens represented two species new to science. The descriptions of Fridericia baradlana sp. nov. and Fridericia spelaeophila sp. nov. are presented in this paper.
Is Searlean Insincere Promise a Speech Act?
Authors: Ogleznev Vitaly
Published: September 2019

In this article, I focus solely on the study of the classical definition of the speech act of promising given in the works of John Searle. In the first section, I consider the conditions and rules for the successful performance of the act of promising. The second section includes an analysis of some contradictions in Searle’s approach to the insincere promise. I discuss his basic argument that insincere promises are speech acts. The third section deals with the case of a polite promise. The fourth section presents a refutation of Searle’s claim to recognize an insincere promise as a promise and a speech act. In the last section, I conclude that for the ‘normal’ speech act of promising, the requirement of the sincerity condition ‘S intends to do A’ is necessary; otherwise it is not a promise at all, and thus the Searlean insincere promise is not a speech act.
Global Student and Talent Flows: Reexamining the Brain Drain Equation
Authors: Bhandari Rajika
Published: September 2019

At a time when the student mobility landscape is poised to undergo significant changes, this article argues that it is time to revisit the brain drain issue and examine the fundamental ethics, assumptions, and power dynamics that underpin student mobility, thus ensuring that the mobility of students and talent is based on principles of access, equity, and inclusiveness.
Concentration of Institutions and Urban Bias in India
Authors: Varghese N.V. , Panigrahi Jinusha
Published: September 2019

Higher education development in India shows signs of concentration and urban bias. As in many countries, the permeation of market processes and proliferation of private higher education institutions seem to have contributed to increased regional inequalities. Relying on the concentration ratio, a measure developed by a CPRHE/NIEPA research study, this article discusses the nature and extent of regional inequalities in the current provision of higher education and identifies locations to be prioritized for establishing new institutions to level off regional inequalities in the future.
Les histoires des marques sur leur site Internet : une histoire de transport narratif
Authors: de Pechpeyrou Pauline , Nicholson Patrick , Emeriau Sébastien
Published: September 2019

Véritables vitrines et vecteurs d’image pour les marques, les sites institutionnels proposent pour la plupart une rubrique spécifique intitulée « Notre histoire ». Dans le nouveau contexte de communication digitale, les contenus que les marques y diffusent ont non seulement vocation à être traités favorablement mais aussi à être relayés par leurs lecteurs, en particulier sur les réseaux sociaux. L’une des conditions préalables à ce parcours des contenus est qu’ils suscitent de l’intérêt. Cet article mobilise de manière novatrice le concept de transport narratif pour expliquer l’intérêt porté à la lecture de l’histoire d’une marque. Les dimensions d’engagement émotionnel et de compréhension narrative ont une influence prépondérante sur l’intérêt suscité par de telles histoires et constituent donc des axes prioritaires pour orienter la communication de l’histoire des marques sur Internet.
Comment gérer les paradoxes des « ateliers putois » pour innover : le cas de l’automobile
Authors: Chen Yurong , Donada Carole
Published: September 2019

Les « ateliers putois », plus connus sous l’anglicisme skunkworks , sont des structures organisationnelles secrètes, autonomes et parrainées par la direction générale des grandes entreprises dans le but d’innover rapidement et radicalement. Considérant les débats contradictoires sur leurs effets, cette étude interroge les conditions de réussite des skunkworks et le rôle que peut apporter le marketing dans leur succès. Deux études de cas dans l’industrie automobile ouvrent la discussion sur les caractéristiques paradoxales des skunkworks . Mises en regard avec la littérature sur le sujet, nos analyses conduisent à proposer deux pistes de recommandations managériales. L’une renvoie à l’inclusion systématique de la fonction marketing dès les premières phases de travail du skunkworks  ; l’autre à la création de conditions favorables à l’intégration des bénéfices du skunkworks dans l’organisation centrale. Dans ces deux situations, le responsable marketing peut aider au rapprochement des objectifs d’innovation du skunkworks et de l’orientation marché de l’entreprise.
Les bibliothèques du Mali à l’ère du numérique
Authors: Sidibé Amadou Békaye
Published: September 2019

Les bibliothèques, depuis quelques décennies, font face à de profonds changements qui menacent leur existence ou les obligent à se repenser totalement. Dans les pays développés, elles ont su marier numérique et pratiques bibliothéconomiques anciennes et inventer de nouveaux services. Un nouveau bibliothécaire est né et la diversification de ses services tend désormais à lui faire perdre son identité millénaire. En Afrique, particulièrement au Mali, la question des mutations dans les bibliothèques ne se pose pas dans les mêmes proportions. Certes, le pays dispose de plus en plus de bibliothécaires nouvellement formés, mais les bibliothèques sont rares, et quand elles existent, elles ne sont pas dotées d’infrastructures TIC qui permettent d’opérer des changements profonds. Dans beaucoup de bibliothèques du pays, les conditions basiques d’un bon fonctionnement (budget d’acquisition, par exemple) font défaut. Il existe aussi un déficit de coordination des bibliothèques. Dans ces conditions, les mutations perceptibles chez les autres ont du mal à se reproduire au Mali. Même s’il y a quelques services innovants dans de rares bibliothèques (bibliothèques numériques, comptes Facebook), la priorité ne serait-elle pas de faire un maillage territorial en bibliothèque, de créer les conditions pour leur bon fonctionnement et de veiller à ce qu’elles offrent les services fondamentaux aux populations ?
Celebrating Our Current “Baldwin Moment”
Authors: McBride Dwight A.
Published: September 2019

Recounting a celebration at ASA 2018, reflecting on the twenty-year anniversary
of the publication of the edited collection James Baldwin Now,
celebrating the early success of this journal, and canvassing the renaissance in
interest in James Baldwin, Dwight A. McBride introduces the fifth volume of
James Baldwin Review.