bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parents' Perspectives on Diagnosis and Decision-Making regarding Ventilator Support in Children with SMA Type 1
Authors: Pechmann Astrid , Langer Thorsten , Kirschner Janbernd
Published: February 2022

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a rare neuromuscular disorder with a broad clinical spectrum. The most severe phenotype—SMA type 1—is characterized by marked muscle weakness also affecting bulbar and respiratory function. Life expectancy of children with SMA type 1 is expected to be less than 2 years without ventilator support or disease-specific drug treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate parents' perspectives on the process of decision-making regarding ventilator support in children with SMA type 1. Fourteen semi-structured interviews were performed with parents of children with SMA type 1 that decided either for or against ventilator support for their child. All children were diagnosed prior to the approval of SMA-specific drug treatment. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data analysis was performed using a qualitative content analysis approach according to Mayring. Parents experienced that they were not adequately informed about the disease and treatment options in first informed consent discussions. Especially regarding ventilator support, parents perceived that they were not offered ventilator support as an actual option for treatment. Regarding the decision of whether or not to offer ventilator support, parents reported that their attitude toward ventilator support and contact with other affected families or patient advocacy groups were more likely to influence the decision than the content of informed consent discussions with physicians. Our results underline the importance of an interdisciplinary team not only to provide parents with relevant information but also to consider the criteria of a patient-centered medicine.
Lorenz-like systems emerging from an integro-differential trajectory equation of a one-dimensional wave–particle entity
Authors: Valani Rahil N.
Published: February 2022

Vertically vibrating a liquid bath can give rise to a self-propelled wave–particle entity on its free surface. The horizontal walking dynamics of this wave–particle entity can be described adequately by an integro-differential trajectory equation. By transforming this integro-differential equation of motion for a one-dimensional wave–particle entity into a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs), we show the emergence of Lorenz-like dynamical systems for various spatial wave forms of the entity. Specifically, we present and give examples of Lorenz-like dynamical systems that emerge when the wave form gradient is (i) a solution of a linear homogeneous constant coefficient ODE, (ii) a polynomial, and (iii) a periodic function. Understanding the dynamics of the wave–particle entity in terms of Lorenz-like systems may prove to be useful in rationalizing emergent statistical behavior from underlying chaotic dynamics in hydrodynamic quantum analogs of walking droplets. Moreover, the results presented here provide an alternative physical interpretation of various Lorenz-like dynamical systems in terms of the walking dynamics of a wave–particle entity.
Burst eddy current testing with diamond magnetometry
Authors: Xu Chang , Zhang Jixing , Yuan Heng , Bian Guodong , Fan Pengcheng , Li Mingxin , Liu Tianzheng
Published: February 2022

In this work, a burst eddy current testing technique based on the employment of a diamond nitrogen vacancy (NV) center magnetometer with the Hahn echo (HE) sequence is demonstrated. With the confocal experiment apparatus, the HE-based NV magnetometer attains a magnetic sensitivity of 4.3 nT/Hz and a volume-normalized sensitivity of 3.6 pT/Hz mm−3, which are ∼five times better than the already existing method under the same conditions. Based on the proposed magnetometer configuration, a burst eddy current testing prototype achieves a minimum detectable sample smaller than 300 μm and a spatial resolution of 470 μm, which is employed to image different metallic specimens and detect layered internal structures. Since this prototype comprises remarkable high sensitivity, it exhibits various potential applications in the fields of security screening and quality control. Moreover, its biocompatibility and promising nanoscale resolution pave the way for electromagnetic testing in the fields of biomaterials.
A density-functional benchmark of vibrational free-energy corrections for molecular crystal polymorphism
Authors: Weatherby Joseph A. , Rumson Adrian F. , Price Alastair J. A. , Otero de la Roza Alberto , Johnson Erin R.
Published: February 2022

Many crystal structure prediction protocols only concern themselves with the electronic energy of molecular crystals. However, vibrational contributions to the free energy (Fvib) can be significant in determining accurate stability rankings for crystal candidates. While force-field studies have been conducted to gauge the magnitude of these free-energy corrections, highly accurate results from quantum mechanical methods, such as density-functional theory (DFT), are desirable. Here, we introduce the PV17 set of 17 polymorphic pairs of organic molecular crystals, for which plane wave DFT is used to calculate the vibrational free energies and free-energy differences (ΔFvib) between each pair. Our DFT results confirm that the vibrational free-energy corrections are small, having a mean value of 1.0 kJ/mol and a maximum value of 2.3 kJ/mol for the PV17 set. Furthermore, we assess the accuracy of a series of lower-cost DFT, semi-empirical, and force-field models for computing ΔFvib that have been proposed in the literature. It is found that calculating Fvib using the Γ-point frequencies does not provide ΔFvib values of sufficiently high quality. In addition, ΔFvib values calculated using various approximate methods have mean absolute errors relative to our converged DFT results of equivalent or larger magnitude than the vibrational free-energy corrections themselves. Thus, we conclude that, in a crystal structure prediction protocol, it is preferable to forego the inclusion of vibrational free-energy corrections than to estimate them with any of the approximate methods considered here.
Characterization of vortical structures in a stirred tank
Authors: Arosemena A. A. , Ali H. , Solsvik J.
Published: February 2022

Data obtained from large eddy simulations of single-phase, turbulent flow of Newtonian and shear-thinning fluids in a baffled stirred tank reactor are considered to identify and characterize vortical structures. The identification proceeds through an objectivized Eulerian method, accounting for the inhomogeneities in the flow, which palliates some shortcomings of previous implementations. The characterization focuses on turbulent vortices larger than the dissipative scales and, to a lesser extent, on trailing and macro-instability vortices. The characterization performed through different statistical analyses includes aspects such as size, number density, shape, distribution and organization in space, and correlation with the kinetic energy due to turbulence and the periodic passage of the blades. To the authors' knowledge, some of these representative aspects have been rarely investigated or have not been addressed at all for the turbulent flow in a stirred vessel. The influence of changing the rotational speed of the tank and the rheology of the working fluid are explored as well. Finally, considering one-way coupling, some potential and practical implications for liquid–liquid and gas–liquid dispersed systems are briefly discussed.
Higher-order transition state approximation
Authors: Nakajima Takahito , Hirao Kimihiko , Chan Bun
Published: February 2022

We generalize Slater’s transition state concept by deriving systematic higher-order transition state approximations. Numerical validation is performed by the calculation of transition energies for various excitations, including core, valence, and charge-transfer excitations, at Hartree–Fock and Kohn–Sham density functional theory levels. All higher-order transition state approximations introduced in this study accurately reproduce the results from delta self-consistent-field calculations. In particular, we demonstrate that the third-order generalized transition state (GTS3) approximation is a promising alternative to the original, owing to a good balance between the accuracy and computational cost. We also demonstrate that accurate and reliable results can be obtained with a low computational cost by combining the GTS3 approximation with the transition potential scheme.
The nonredundant nature of the Axin2 regulatory network in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway
Authors: Moshkovsky Ana R. , Kirschner Marc W.
Published: February 2022

Significance

The mystery of two functionally redundant Axin genes in all vertebrates can now be explained by the demonstration that they form a nested proteostatic and transcriptional feedback system that confers regulatory options in different developmental settings, a form of dynamic versatility that may explain the widespread occurrence of closely related seemingly redundant genes with similar functions.
A deep eutectic-based, self-emulsifying subcutaneous depot system for apomorphine therapy in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Kim Jayoung , Gao Yongsheng , Zhao Zongmin , Rodrigues Danika , Tanner Eden E. L. , Ibsen Kelly , Sasmal Pradip K. , Jaladi Rajasekhar , Alikunju Shanavas , Mitragotri Samir
Published: February 2022

Significance

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive disorder of the central nervous system that affects motor control. While subcutaneous injection of apomorphine (Apokyn) is clinically used to alleviate intermittent episodes of dyskinesia, the treatment requires multiple injections of the drug per day, significantly deterring patient compliance. We introduce a deep eutectic-based ternary solvent system that self-emulsifies in situ following subcutaneous injection and entraps apomorphine, allowing a 48-h duration of detectable drug concentration in the plasma of pigs, which is a remarkable improvement over the clinical comparator. The results from the animal studies support the self-emulsifying system as a potent, long-lasting therapeutic for PD patients and potentially for other therapeutics that have a similar delivery challenge.
Highly multiplex PCR assays by coupling the 5′-flap endonuclease activity of
Taq
DNA polymerase and molecular beacon reporters
Authors: Huang Qiuying , Chen Dongmei , Du Chen , Liu Qiaoqiao , Lin Su , Liang Lanlan , Xu Ye , Liao Yiqun , Li Qingge
Published: February 2022

Significance

We describe a highly multiplex PCR approach that can identify 10-fold more targets in current real-time PCR assays without additional enzymes or separate reactions. This single-step, single-tube, homogeneous detection approach, termed MeltArray, is achieved by coupling the 5′-flap endonuclease activity of the
Taq
DNA polymerase and multiple annealing sites of the molecular beacon reporters. The 5′-flap endonuclease cleaves a probe specifically into a “mediator” primer, and one molecular beacon reporter allows for the extension of multiple “mediator” primers to produce a series of fluorescent hybrids with different melting temperatures unique to each target. The overall number of targets detectable per reaction is equal to the number of the reporters multiplied by the number of mediator primers per reporter.
A DNA repair-independent role for alkyladenine DNA glycosylase in alkylation-induced unfolded protein response
Authors: Milano Larissa , Charlier Clara F. , Andreguetti Rafaela , Cox Thomas , Healing Eleanor , Thomé Marcos P. , Elliott Ruan M. , Samson Leona D. , Masson Jean-Yves , Lenz Guido , Henriques João Antonio P. , Nohturfft Axel , Meira Lisiane B.
Published: February 2022

Significance

Stress response pathways, such as the DNA damage response and the UPR, are critical in the etiology and treatment of cancer and other chronic diseases. Knowledge of an interplay between ER stress and genome damage repair is emerging, but evidence linking defective DNA repair and impaired ER stress response is lacking. Here, we show that AAG is necessary for UPR activation in response to alkylating agents. AAG-deficient mice and human cancer cells are impaired in alkylation-induced UPR. Strikingly, this defect can be complemented by an AAG variant defective in glycosylase activity. Our studies suggest that AAG has noncanonical functions and identify AAG as a point of convergence for stress response pathways. This knowledge could be explored to improve cancer treatment.
Visualizing molecular weights differences in supramolecular polymers
Authors: Li Qingyun , Zhang Hanwei , Lou Kai , Yang Yabi , Ji Xiaofan , Zhu Jintao , Sessler Jonathan L.
Published: February 2022

Significance

Molecular weight determinations play a vital role in the characterization of supramolecular polymers. They are essential to assessing the degree of polymerization, which in turn can have a significant impact on the properties of the polymer. While numerous characterization methods have been developed to estimate the number-average molecular weight (
M
n
) of supramolecular polymers, a simple visual method could provide advantages in terms of ease of use. We have now developed a system wherein differences in the fluorescent signature, including changes in color, allow variations in the
M
n
of an anion-responsive supramolecular polymer [M1·Zn(OTf)
2
]
n
to be readily monitored. The present visual differentiation strategy provides a tool that may be used to characterize supramolecular polymers.
Pseudo-Coordination and Multiple Agreement Constructions
Authors: Giusti Giuliana , Di Caro Vincenzo Nicolò , Ross Daniel
Published: February 2022

This introductory chapter provides background on the phenomena of Pseudo-Coordination (PseCo) and Multiple Agreement Constructions (MACs) with the aim of familiarizing readers with major trends in previous research on these varied phenomena. Common structural and functional properties used to identify PseCo and MACs are described, along with a detailed discussion of the features that make crucial differences within each phenomenon in individual languages and cross-linguistically. We also observe interesting similarities between the two phenomena and across related and unrelated languages. We maintain a pre-theoretical view here that is compatible with the different approaches represented in the volume.
The properties of the ‘(a) lua și X’ (‘take and X’) construction in Romanian
Authors: Bleotu Adina Camelia
Published: February 2022

This paper presents a preliminary classification of the verbal structure (a) lua și X (‘(to) take and X’) in Romanian, showing that it represents a special case of pseudocoordination. The structure behaves differently from both coordination structures and other pseudocoordination structures with respect to the tests proposed by de Vos (2005) and Ross (2013) (e.g. the Coordinate Structure Constraint, coordinator substitution, semantic bleaching, VP-deletion, etc.), as shown by an exploratory acceptability judgment task with 52 native speakers of Romanian testing for 16 structural properties. The results suggest that the existing classification of pseudocoordination structures should be revisited in order to accommodate Romanian ‘take’ as an additional type.
The discourse particle es que in Spanish and in other Iberian languages
Authors: Pérez-Saldanya Manuel , Hualde José Ignacio
Published: February 2022

We examine the historical reanalysis of the Spanish sequence es que (lit. ‘is that’) as a
discourse particle with justificatory and even purely emphatic functions. We argue that the diachronic process
involved first the appearance of non-coindexed pro as subject of the copula es ‘is’
and, at a later stage, deletion of the empty pronoun and syntactic restructuring. The restructuring was triggered by
the use of the construction in counter-argumentative and other contexts where the semantic content of the null
category was not easily recoverable. We also consider parallel developments in Catalan and Portuguese, as well as the
borrowing of the particle es que in colloquial Basque.
Bo Zhong: Captive by the viral immune escape
Authors: Morgado-Palacin Lucia
Published: February 2022

Bo Zhong studies the regulation of the antiviral innate immunity, inflammation, and tumorigenesis by the protein ubiquitination system.
Neural control of immune cell trafficking
Authors: Mueller Scott N.
Published: February 2022

Leukocyte trafficking between blood and tissues is an essential function of the immune system that facilitates humoral and cellular immune responses. Within tissues, leukocytes perform surveillance and effector functions via cell motility and migration toward sites of tissue damage, infection, or inflammation. Neurotransmitters that are produced by the nervous system influence leukocyte trafficking around the body and the interstitial migration of immune cells in tissues. Neural regulation of leukocyte dynamics is influenced by circadian rhythms and altered by stress and disease. This review examines current knowledge of neuro–immune interactions that regulate leukocyte migration and consequences for protective immunity against infections and cancer.
Centrifugation-induced assembly of dense hotspots based SERS substrate for enhanced Raman scattering and quenched fluorescence
Authors: Su Dan , Zhang Xiao-Yang , Chen Xia-Yao , Wang Shan-Jiang , Wan Qing-Dian , Zhang Tong
Published: February 2022

Hanging (aggregation stuck to the centrifugal tube) in the centrifugation process is always regarded as an unwanted condition. In this work, we develop a centrifugation-induced assembly of dense hotspots surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates from the hanging phenomenon. We discovered interesting sintering-resistant behavior (maintain the sharp nanotip features) of star-like Au nanoparticles after centrifugation-induced assembly, which is in stark contrast with the sintering phenomenon of sphere-like nanoparticles. We also found that one side of centrifugal-induced Au assemblies is two-dimensional (2D, root mean square (rms) roughness down to ∼10 nm), while the other is three-dimensional (3D, rms roughness more than 100 nm). The close-packed feature of the Au assemblies makes them candidates as dense hotspots based SERS substrates. Through systematic investigation of SERS performance of centrifugation-induced assemblies with different morphology (star-like and sphere-like, 2D and 3D), it was found that the 3D side of star-like Au nanoparticles assembly exhibits the highest SERS enhancement together with quenched fluorescence. The star-like SERS substrate also displays high detection uniformity (with 10−7 M Rhodamine 6G) and a low detection limit (down to 10−12 M Rhodamine 6G).
Tapering-free monocrystalline Ge nanowires synthesized via plasma-assisted VLS using In and Sn catalysts
Authors: Tang Jian , Wang Jun , Maurice Jean-Luc , Chen Wanghua , Foldyna Martin , Yu Linwei , Leshchenko Egor D , Dubrovskii Vladimir G , Cabarrocas Pere Roca I
Published: February 2022

In and Sn are the type of catalysts which do not introduce deep level electrical defects within the bandgap of germanium (Ge). However, Ge nanowires produced using these catalysts usually have a large diameter, a tapered morphology, and mixed crystalline and amorphous phases. In this study, we show that plasma-assisted vapor–liquid–solid (PA-VLS) method can be used to synthesize Ge nanowires. Moreover, at certain parameter domains, the sidewall deposition issues of this synthesis method can be avoided and long, thin tapering-free monocrystalline Ge nanowires can be obtained with In and Sn catalysts. We find two quite different parameter domains where Ge nanowire growth can occur via PA-VLS using In and Sn catalysts: (i) a low temperature-low pressure domain, below ∼235 °C at a GeH4 partial pressure of ∼6 mTorr, where supersaturation in the catalyst occurs thanks to the low solubility of Ge in the catalysts, and (ii) a high temperature-high pressure domain, at ∼400 °C and a GeH4 partial pressure above ∼20 mTorr, where supersaturation occurs thanks to the high GeH4 concentration. While growth at 235 °C results in tapered short wires, operating at 400 °C enables cylindrical nanowire growth. With the increase of growth temperature, the crystalline structure of the nanowires changes from multi-crystalline to mono-crystalline and their growth rate increases from ∼0.3 nm s−1 to 5 nm s−1. The cylindrical Ge nanowires grown at 400°C usually have a length of few microns and a radius of around 10 nm, which is well below the Bohr exciton radius in bulk Ge (24.3 nm). To explain the growth mechanism, a detailed growth model based on the key chemical reactions is provided.
Plasmas, particles and photons—spotlights on multimessenger astronomy
Authors: Tjus Julia Becker
Published: February 2022

During the past decennia, progress in the area of high-energy astroparticle physics was exceptional, mainly due to the great success of the bridging of particle- and astrophysics both in theory and in the instrumentation of astroparticle physics observatories. Multimessenger data coming from charged cosmic-ray-, gamma-ray- and neutrino-observatories start to shed more and more light on the nature and origin of cosmic rays. At the same time, the development of methods for the investigation of cosmic-ray transport, acceleration and interaction has advanced to the true potential of tying these different pieces of multimessenger data together, this way closing in on the origin of cosmic rays. In recent years, this rapid interplay between modeling and observations has made it clear that it is essential to add the ingredient of plasma physics to the problem. It has been shown that even the interpretation of data of highly relativistic cosmic rays at TeV energies and above is in need of a proper modeling of the plasma physics involved. One of the most important examples is the understanding of wave-particle interactions. In simulations of cosmic-ray transport in the Galaxy, the cosmic-ray diffusion coefficient is typically approximated with a Kolmogorov-type cascade model, resulting in an energy-dependent parallel diffusion coefficientκ∥∝Eγwithγ=1/3. Here, we show how the energy dependence of the diffusion coefficient can be investigated systematically as a function ofδB/B. The complex energy behavior that goes well beyond a simple powerlaw interpretation will be presented together with a formal definition of an energy range that indeed can be approximated as a powerlaw. These results are applied to cosmic-ray transport in the Milky Way. Finally, the transition between the ballistic and diffusive regime will be investigated for astrophysical sources with special focus on relativistic plasmoids of active galaxies.
Quantum information masking in non-Hermitian systems and robustness
Authors: Lv Qiao-Qiao , Liang Jin-Min , Wang Zhi-Xi , Fei Shao-Ming
Published: February 2022

By studying quantum information masking (QIM) in non-Hermitian quantum systems, we show that mutually orthogonal quantum states can be deterministically masked, while an arbitrary set of quantum states cannot be masked in non-Hermitian quantum systems. We further demonstrate that a set of linearly independent states which are mutually η-orthogonal can be deterministically masked by a pseudo-unitary operator. Moreover, we study robustness of QIM against noisy environments. The robustness of deterministic and probabilistic QIM under different quantum noise channels is analyzed in detail. Accordingly, we propose and discuss the r-uniform probabilistic QIM in multipartite systems.
A novel solution for smart unmanned minibus based on intelligent fusion sensing technology
Authors: Song Wei
Published: February 2022

Thanks to recent developments in artificial intelligence and smart control technologies, unmanned vehicles are becoming pervasively adopted in a variety of scenarios. As a representative example, unmanned minibuses are integrations of vehicle level intelligence and internet of vehicles, where intelligent link mainly depends on the recognition of environment and precise control of drive-by-wire chastises. On top of these, decision-making systems for driving control can be fulfilled to achieve continuous improvement in safety and reliability. The most important parts of the telematics system include high precision map and positioning, which are the foundation for cooperation among vehicles, road-side control units, and cloud-side centers. In this work, we present a solution for unmanned minibuses that integrated smart features for unmanned driving scenarios. Both hardware design and software capabilities are presented. Prototypes have been manufactured and gone through multiple tests, which indicates feasibility of the proposed solution.
The Optimization Of The Distributed AI Embedded Cluster System
Authors: Han Zhiyuan , Shen Jian , Luo Dandan , Gao Bo , Chen HuaQi , Xie Jin
Published: February 2022

This paper improves the core functions of the real-time video analysis system for edge computing which we proposed before. The improvement of this paper including distributed cluster status management and two-level horizontal expansion. The three-level task scheduling mechanism is realized, and the complete data link processing is realized. At the same time, RK3399pro is proposed to replace RK3399 as the hardware computing unit of the AI business. On the premise of satisfying real-time processing, the computing unit resources are saved. Compared with our previous system, the processing capacity of the new system is improved by 6-8 times.
Research on Multi-Objective Optimization Method of Edge Cloud Computing Virtual Machine Placement
Authors: Shi Lingpeng , Lu Shida , Feng Tianbo , Zhao Xiumin , Chen Xiaolu , Cui Haoyang
Published: February 2022

With the emergence of demand for massive computing tasks in the edge cloud of the city, the disordered computing in the edge cloud leads to the high energy consumption of CPU computing and the problem of too long time delay caused by the blockage of computing tasks. This has become the first technical difficulty to solve in the construction of edge cloud. The virtual machine placement method is optimized by computing energy consumption and computing delay. First, the LRR physical host screening model is constructed to detect the status of the physical hosts and form a list of migrated physical hosts; secondly, the MMT time scale model is constructed to generate the list of migrated virtual machines; finally, the GA algorithm is used to place the virtual machines. The simulation results show that this algorithm can reduce the CPU energy consumption of the edge cloud center by 20. 21% and the time delay by 16. 11%. This optimization method has a good theoretical guidance effect on the construction of cloud computing.
Research on Optimization of Regional Integrated Energy System Based on Thermal Inertia of Building Clusters
Authors: Liu Xiaodong , Wang Weiyuan , Zhou Hengjun , Wu Gang , Tao Yongjin
Published: February 2022

With the increase in the share of energy from new energy sources such as photovoltaics and wind power, the development and application of integrated energy systems are becoming more and more rapid. However, if energy is not coordinated and optimized, wind and solar abandonment may occur. This is to achieve a variety of energy sources. The integration, complementarity and flexible regulation of the company have brought great challenges. The fifth-generation district heating and cooling system, as a new direction of comprehensive energy development, can greatly improve the energy efficiency of sources and networks and the convenience of user-side energy consumption, but its adjustment potential for the user-side is insufficient. This paper explores the thermal inertia of the existing infrastructure in the system, that is, the user-side building cluster in the regional thermal system, and uses the thermal inertia of the building cluster to improve the overall potential flexibility of the regional-level integrated energy system and realize the optimized operation of the regional integrated energy system, then improve the flexibility and economy of system operation.
A Short Term Forecasting Method for Regional Power Consumption Considering Related Factors
Authors: Liu Chang , Zhang Yuanliang , Chen Weisong , Gu Haitong , Li Hui , Chen Shaoliang
Published: February 2022

Analysis and prediction of power consumption law is the basis of power grid planning and construction, and is also an effective guide for energy demand side management. With the rapid development of economy and the complex change of industrial structure in recent years, the internal structure of power demand is changing to some extent. Therefore, a short-term forecasting method of regional electricity consumption considering the related factors is proposed. Based on the analysis results, a short-term prediction model of regional electricity consumption considering the related factors is established, and the short-term prediction is realized by the calculation of the model. Through the example analysis, it is verified that the forecasting deviation of the short-term forecasting method is low and meets the basic requirements of electric quantity forecasting.
Overview Of Measurement And Evaluation Methods Of Wind Farm And System Inertia Under Large-scale Wind Power Grid Connection
Authors: Ye Peng , Yang Hong yu , Wang Shi cheng , Qian Xiao yi , Wang Xue jie , Sun Feng , Zhang Qiang
Published: February 2022

With the large-scale development of new energy, large-scale wind power is incorporated into the power grid, the inertia level of the power system continues to decrease, the system regulation ability continues to weaken, and the system stability is seriously challenged. The evaluation of inertia has become a hot research issue for scholars. Firstly, this paper introduces the basic concept and components of power system inertia. Then, the different methods of inertia measurement and evaluation of wind farm and power system are reviewed. Finally, the future research directions in the field of power system inertia evaluation are summarized.
Power load forecasting and interpretable models based on GS_XGBoost and SHAP
Authors: Li Mingming , Wang Yulu
Published: February 2022

At present, the prediction accuracy of the power load prediction model is not high and the black box model prediction results are not explanatory, so this paper proposes an improved XGBoost based grid search for power load forecasting model (GS-XGBoost), and uses SHAP for model analysis and interpretation to show the impact of the feature set on the model in a visual way according to the marginal contribution of power load feature samples The impact of the prediction results is shown in a visual way to improve the interpretability of the model, and the key factors affecting the electricity load are identified based on the ranking results of the feature importance to provide decision support for the power system equipment maintenance plan, guide the formulation of strategies related to electricity production, resource procurement and pricing, and avoid market risks. In this paper, the electricity consumption dataset of an enterprise in Jiangsu is used as the research object, and the dataset is pre-processed with unique thermal coding, outlier analysis, null filling, and standardization. Through experimental comparison, the GS-XGBoost load forecasting model has the best prediction accuracy compared to SVR, random forest, decision tree, and XGBoost machine learning models, and then SHAP is applied to interpret the model and improve the model interpretability.
System Design of Automatic Parking Assist Based on ISO26262
Authors: Kuang Xiaojun , Zhang Yafei , Wang Xiyang
Published: February 2022

The technology of intelligent driving cars is one of the key technologies of current automobile development, and the automatic parking assist system (APA, Auto Parking Assist) is a representative function of low-speed automatic driving. In order to improve the safety and reliability of the APA system, a hazard analysis and risk assessment of the APA system was carried out based on ISO 26262, safety objectives and functional safety requirements were derived, and then technical safety requirements were put forward and the system architecture design was carried out. And from the software point of view, the algorithmic design of the horizontal parking function is carried out, which further illustrates the feasibility of the technology.
Analysis of wellbore stability of gas underbalanced drilling technology
Authors: Zhao Lei , Bao Aihua , Cao Jingxin
Published: February 2022

Gas underbalanced drilling technology has the advantages of high ROP and little damage to oil and gas reservoirs. In recent years, it has been widely used in the exploration and development of oil and gas fields in China. Under normal air drilling conditions, the pore pressure is basically zero, so it is necessary to establish the wellbore stability model under the condition of zero pore pressure to provide theoretical support for the wellbore stability analysis of air drilling. However, gas underbalanced drilling also has wellbore instability, more sand deposition at the bottom of the well, and even the malignant accident of sticking. Firstly, through the analysis of the traditional wellbore stability model, the influence of pore pressure is removed, and the wellbore stability model suitable for air drilling is obtained. At the same time, it is proposed that the sand deposition is mainly caused by the collapse material when the collapse ellipse is formed on the shaft wall, and the formation of the collapse ellipse is conducive to maintaining the stability of the shaft wall. For large and medium-sized gravel layers, the influence of cementation strength on wellbore stability should be considered.
A Flexible Control Strategy of Air-Conditioning Cluster Participating in Primary Frequency Modulation
Authors: Li Lei , Wang Chaoliang , Chen Songsong , Chen Lingyu
Published: February 2022

As renewable energy resources are gradually connected to the grid, demand response gradually develops and expands. As a response resource with a huge proportion of the load, the role of air-conditioning load is gradually being valued. The paper first describes the equivalent thermal parameter model of the air-conditioning load. Then, an air-conditioning cluster aggregation model is established based on Monte Carlo with uncertainties considered. Finally, the paper proposes a flexible trigger frequency setting method to provide a relatively consistent amount of adjustment in different situations. And the simulation proves the effectiveness of the method.
Design and Realization of Intelligent Aero-engine DDPG Controller
Authors: Qian Rong-rong , Feng Yimin , Jiang Mengman , Liu Lijun
Published: February 2022

As the artificial intelligence technology advances, intellectualization has become an important development trend for the future aero-engine industry. The intelligent aero-engine will bring a new round of technology revolution in aviation industry. Since an aero-engine is a complex system with strong nonlinearity and coupling, it is difficult to achieve the optimal control performance with traditional PI control. Therefore, the DDPG (Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient, DDPG) algorithm belonging to the family of Deep Reinforcement Learning is hereby proposed for designing aero-engine controller. Based on the non-linear polynomial state-space mathematical model of JT9D turbofan engine, the intelligent DDPG controller is designed and then compared with the performance of PI controller. The proposed controller can achieve the optimal control effect for aero-engine through the training the neural network. The simulation results demonstrates that compared with PI control, the control method proposed in this paper achieves superior control performance in response speed, overshoot and anti-interference ability.
Cosmological Simulations and Models of Galaxy Formulation
Authors: Han Shichao , Sun Weicheng , Xiong Binsong
Published: February 2022

Cosmological simulation has become the most efficient and advanced method to investigate the fundamental principle and physical model of the universe. Galaxy formulation is one of the most significant characters in this field, which attracts lots of attention. However, it is challenging to establish a proper model of galaxy simulation. Besides, a lot of investment is required to solve the problem of modelling dark matter, dark energy, and ordinary matter. This review introduces the most widely accepted cosmological models and galaxy formation procedures. Moreover, discussions and comparisons are presented for several advanced simulation methods. These results evaluate milestones in the development of cosmological numerical simulation objectively and will offer a guideline for the development of galaxy formation.
Structure Optimization Design of Screw Conveyor based on EDEM
Authors: Zhao Renfeng , Guo Lei , Gao Weicheng , Xiao Xudong , Liu Yanwei
Published: February 2022

Screw conveyors are widely used in the transportation of various media in the industry because of their simple structure and low cost. However, some special powders are prone to accumulation during transportation due to their low density, large angle of repose, and poor fluidity, resulting in low transportation accuracy and unable to meet actual working conditions. In this paper, the discrete element method is used to simulate and analyze the powder transportation. The three-dimensional model of the screw conveyor is established and imported into the EDEM software for simulation simulation. The key parameters of the screw conveyor are screw inner diameter, pitch and speed as design variables. Hand in the experiment, and get the optimal solution of the variable parameters through the experimental results.
The Design of A Rheological Model for Semisolid Metal Slurries
Authors: Ju Liping , Luo Hongchao , Guan Yanlong
Published: February 2022

An improved rheological model is obtained to perfect the formula of agglomeration, deagglomeration and stacking mode of particles based on a previous model with the experimental data and statistical mechanics. It is believed that the time evolution of the microstructure determines the rheological behaviour of semisolid metal (SSM), and the effective solid volume fraction connect them perfectly. The new model can describe the time-dependent and time- independent rheological behaviour under a uniform theory. Then, the study on AlSi4Mg2 alloy shows that the predicted apparent viscosity agrees well with the experimental results. The correlation between the apparent viscosity and its microstructure is also identified. This verifies the reliability of the present model.
Vibration Analysis and Control of the Suspension System of the Drum Washing Machine by Applying SMA
Authors: Sun Hao
Published: February 2022

The suspension system of the drum washing machine is the object of study. To reduce the vibration of drum washing machines during high-speed dehydration, a shape memory alloy is proposed to be used to make suspension spring. The spring stiffness can be controlled according to the characteristic that the elastic modulus of SMA varies with temperature to achieve damping effect. The mathematical model and multi-body dynamics simulation model are established for the suspension system of the drum washing machine, the vibration generation mechanism of the drum washing machine and the SMA active vibration control principle are analyzed, and the vibration control effect of the SMA suspension spring is studied for different speed simulations. The results show that the SMA variable stiffness suspension spring has a significant vibration control effect compared with the spring of general material.
Research Status of Titanium Diboride High Temperature Ceramics
Authors: Tang Liangliang , Lin Bingtao , Zhang Baohong , Zhang Danhua , Gong Yanfei , Xiong Ning
Published: February 2022

Titanium diboride has a series of excellent physical and chemical properties, high melting point and hardness, good thermal stability and oxidation resistance. As an excellent hard phase, titanium diboride is used in new materials such as composite materials and cermet. It has a wide prospect in the application of high-temperature ceramics. In this paper, the research status, performance structure, preparation method and application of titanium boride high-temperature ceramics are analyzed and summarized from the overall point of view, and the main problems faced by titanium boride at present are also discussed. Finally, the future research direction of titanium boride high temperature ceramics is discussed.
Quantitative investigation of influence of Al2O3 non-metallic inclusions on bending strength of powder metallurgy highspeed steel
Authors: Hu Qipeng , Chen Yunbo , Wang Miaohui , Ge Xueyuan , Liu Hengsan , Zuo Lingli , Zhang Dongyue
Published: February 2022

The types, dimensions and quantities of inclusions have been examined to quantitatively investigate their influence on the bending strength and impact toughness of HIPed high-speed steel. MgSiO3 inclusion was found to be less harmful than Al2O3 inclusion in terms of mechanical properties. Additionally, the inclusion of Al2O3 of 0-20 μm under 0.02 vol.% showed a slight influence on the bending strength of certain HSS.
Dispersionless transport in washboard potentials revisited
Authors: Marchenko I G , Aksenova V Yu , Marchenko I I , Zhiglo A V
Published: February 2022

We reassess the ‘dispersionless transport regime’ of Brownian particles in tilted periodic potentials. We show that the particles exhibit normal diffusive motion right after transitioning into the running state dragged by the constant bias force. No special transient dynamics appears, contrary to conjectures in the previous studies. The observed flat segment in the dispersion evolution curve is solely due to the broad spatial distribution of particles formed in the early superdiffusion stage. We quantitatively describe the whole evolution of the distribution function during superdiffusion and the transition to the normal diffusion that follows, in the framework of the two-well potential in the velocity space model. We show that the superdiffusion exponent is α = 3. The duration of the ostensible ‘dispersionless regime’ is derived analytically. It is shown to diverge exponentially as the temperature decreases to zero.
Farmer’s Adaptation to Climate Change as Strategy to Achieve Food Security
Authors: Barokatuminalloh  , Purwaningsih Y , Daerobi A , Mulyaningsih T
Published: February 2022

Climate change characterized by an increase in temperature and changes in rainfall impacts human life, one of which is food security. One of the keys to increasing food security during climate change is implementing adaptation. However, selection of appropriate adaptation strategies—i.e., better varieties, diversification of crops and shifting planting times—has positive impact on household food security. This study examines the effect of adaptation to climate change on rice farmer's household food security in the Banyumas Regency. Target populations are farmer households on fertile land (Sumbang Village and Banteran Village) and farmer households on infertile land (Lumbir Village and Cingebul Village). The selection of the targeted population is based on soil fertility, as it will affect the choice of adaptation strategies. Logit regression is employed to analyze the effect of adaptation options on household food security based on two aspects. Those are food availability and food access. Apart from being food producers, farmers are also consumers. The results show that the adaptation options—i.e., irrigation access, age, household size, farm income, income other than farming, asset ownership, and food expenditure—affect household food security in terms of food availability. On the other hand, the size of the household and income other than farms affect household food security in terms of food accessibility. The policy implication is that farmers pay more attention to climate change and implement appropriate adaptation strategies according to land conditions and farmers' resources.
Covid-19: Opportunity and Effect on Farming Sector
Authors: Demartoto A
Published: February 2022

Farming sector becomes the community’s priority as it gives opportunity and feeling of secure concerning basic needs. However, during Covid-19 pandemic, farming sector also affects community less positively. This research studies phenomenon related to opportunity and effect of farming sector during Covid-19 in Karanganyar, Indonesia. Object of this case study research was farmers’ behavior in utilizing opportunity and effect of farming sector sustainability in Covid-19 era in Karanganyar, Indonesia, analyzed using Homans’ social exchange theory. Data collection was conducted using in-depth interview and observation, and study documentation. The result showed that farmers in Karanganyar can fulfill daily needs and can survive from the Covid-19 pandemic-induced crisis. However, farming production runs more slowly during pandemic and decreases quantitatively; thereby affecting product and service supply and demand stabilities. People, as consumers, fulfilling the food need difficultly due to some restrictions and abnormal market mechanism. Another social effect is the decreased social solidarity between farmers. Covid-19 spreads and transmits quickly, including among farmers. The farmers’ low awareness of complying with health protocol during working is a factor making the disease transmitting quickly. Therefore, socialization should be made on Covid-19 prevention and handling in farmer community.
Biodegradable Pot (Biopot) Made from Water Hyacinth and Banana Pseudostem as Polybag Substitution for Cocoa (Theobroma Cacao L.) Nursery
Authors: Iriany A , Chanan M , Hasanah F , Hariyanti N Y
Published: February 2022

The plant nursery is an important cultivation phase to improve the quality of cocoa. However, the conventional nursery container namely polybag has the potential risk to contaminate the environment if the waste is wrongfully handled. A biodegradable pot (BioPot) is a satisfactory alternative nursery container considering its plantable and degradable characteristics. This study aimed to investigate the effect of BioPot compositions and size to support the growth of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) seedling as polybag substitution. This research was conducted using a randomized complete design with 1 control (polybag) and 15 treatments combination. The treatments consisted of 5 BioPot compositions (percentage of water hyacinth and banana pseudostem range from 30-70%) and 3 BioPot size (width 5,5 cm and length range from 10.5-11.5 cm). The seedling growth data were analyzed using ANOVA then by means using HSD (Tukey test) and Dunnet test at a 5%. The results showed that the several BioPot compositions and size produced equal seedling quality to polybag and not statistically different based on seedling growth variables. This finding confirmed that the all tested BioPot compositions and size in this study, customized and adjusted according to the raw aterials availability, can be used as polybag substitutes for cocoa nurseries. The implication of this study is the use of BioPot for seedling container that support environmentally sustainable agriculture especially in plant nurseries.