bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Labor Migrants from the CIS Countries to Russia: Scope, Aspects, Problems
Authors: Khokhlova M.
Published: February 2021

The decline of the role of a national state after World War II, which went against the conservative idea, inseparable from the awareness of national interests and the right of citizens to control the size and composition of the population of their own country, influenced approaches to the problem of migration. The movement of migrant flows from the CIS countries to the Russian Federation fits into the objective migration process taking place in the world, which is characterized by movement from the periphery to the center. Russia continues to be the center and attracts residents of the periphery of the once unified state, its per capita GDP figures continuing to differ favorably from those recorded in the former Soviet republics. The process inevitably leads to problems of adaptation of migrants in a receiving country. The article examines the evolution of attitude towards the problem of inclusion of migrants into society of the host countries from the so-called “melting pot”, meaning their complete assimilation, to transnationalism that allows people to have two or more cultural identities and be involved in multiple social contexts. The economic motivation of employers preferring to hire immigrants from the CIS countries, who are more “competitive” in comparison with domestic specialists claiming decent working conditions and pay, often prevails.
Ukrainian Policy to Find Solution of the Crisis in Donbass: The Path Effect
Authors: Solov’ev E.
Published: February 2021

2019 was considered by many analysts as a kind of milestone. V.Zelenskiy and his party “Servant of the People” won an unconditional victory on the presidential and parliamentary elections and, as it seemed, launched not only a new political cycle, but also a new stage in the political history of Ukraine. V.Zelenskiy for some time had almost unlimited political potential. It seemed that among decisions of many problems the prerequisites were created for finding solutions to the Donbass conflict. However, the political rating of the president demonstrated rapid erosion. Zelenskiy, who come to power riding the populist wave, haven’t a strong and stable political and economic base in the country and clear political preferences. So, under the pressure of the nationalistic groups he is moving in the direction laid by P.Poroshenko in attempts to manage the Donbass conflict, demonstrating a classic example of the “path effect”.
Factors Associated with Mortality Among Elderly People in the COVID-19 Pandemic (SARS-CoV-2): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Alves Vicente , Casemiro Francine , Araujo Bruno , Lima Marcos , Oliveira Rayssa , Fernandes Fernanda , Gomes Ana Vitória , Gregori Dario
Published: February 2021

Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19 ; Non Communicable diseases (NCDs). Clinical features; Institucionalized or hospitalized elderly; meta-analisys.
Educational Escape Rooms as an Active Learning Tool for Teaching Telecommunications Engineering
Authors: Ross Robert , de Souza-Daw Anthony
Published: February 2021

Traditional education, particularly at a university level isn’t necessarily very engaging1 or strong at building teamwork skills. Educational escape rooms are a recent game based learning2 approach which combines team based problem solving with a story-line and cryptic clues. In this3 paper we apply the concept of educational escape rooms to the telecommunications engineering4 classroombycreatingaseriesoftwoseparatescenarios,eachcontainingthreepuzzles. Ourevaluation5 is based on beta tester survey results which suggest that this will be an engaging and challenging6 tool for teaching telecommunications engineering. Although educational escape rooms are rapidly7 being deployed in education, these are the ﬁrst educational escape rooms that speciﬁcally addresses8 the ﬁeld of telecommunications engineering.
Impact of Climate Change and Ongoing Adaptation Measures in the Bangladesh Sundarbans
Authors: Chakma Suprakash , Paul Anup Kumar , Rahman Md. Arifur , Mithun Mahmudul Hasan , Sunny Atiqur Rahman
Published: February 2021

The climate of Bangladesh has changed drastically which may put considerable adverse impacts on mangrove fishers but very few studies focused on this professional group. An attempt was made to perceive the impact and adaptation measures of the Sundarbans mangrove resource users, employing interviews and focus group discussions. A total of 150 respondents were randomly selected from the Sundarbans west under Shyamnagar Upazila of Satkhira District. It was revealed that the abundance of fishes, fuel woods, honey, golpata (Nypa fruticans), and shrimp post-larvae (PL) was reduced considerably. The resource users have adapted themselves by changing their occupation and becoming jobless and depending on the other family members. PL collection, honey collection, shrimp culture, and wood collection were found professional adapting strategies to adopt cyclone, flood, salinity intrusion, river erosion, and drought. Several recommendations are elicited, the implementation of which is important to ensure livelihood sustainability of the mangrove communities.
Free and Open-Source Software for Geographic Information System on Coastal Management: A Study Case of Sea-Level Rise in Southern Brazil
Authors: Terres de Lima Lucas , Fernández-Fernández Sandra , V. C. Weiss Carlos , Bitencourt Volney , Bernardes Cristina
Published: February 2021

This work assesses sea-level rise using three different models created on Free and Open-Source Software for Geographic Information System (FOSS4GIS). Based on regional projections of Special Report on Climate Change and Oceans and Cryosphere (SROCC) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the models were applied to a case of study on Rio Grande do Sul coast – Brazil under different sea-level rise scenarios by the end of this century. The End Point Rate for QGIS (EPR4Q), calculates a shoreline projection using End Point Rate method. The Uncertainty Bathtub Model (uBTM), analyses the sea-level rise impact by the uncertainty of sea-level projec-tions and vertical error of the Digital Elevation/Terrain Model (DEM/DTM). The Bruun Rule for Google Earth Engine Model (BRGM) predicts the shoreline position with sea-level rise, using topographic and bathymetric data from Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) and Coastal Modelling System (SMC – Brazil), respectively. The results indicated a maximum shoreline retreat for 2100 of -502 m and -1727 m using EPR4Q and BRGM, correspondingly. The uBTM using the land-use of Mapbiomas showed a maximum of 44.57 km2 of urban area impacted by the sea-level flood. This research highlights the possibility of performing coastal management analysis in GIS environ-ment using non-commercial software.
Key Distribution for Post Quantum Cryptography using Physical Unclonable Functions
Authors: Cambou Bertrand , Gowanlock Michael , Yildiz Bahattin , Ghanaimiandoab Dina , Lee Kaitlyn , Nelson Stefan , Philabaum Christopher , Stenberg Alyssa , wright Jordan
Published: February 2021

Lattice and code cryptography can replace existing schemes such as Elliptic Curve Cryptography because of their resistance to quantum computers. In support of public key infrastructures, the distribution, validation and storage of the cryptographic keys is then more complex to handle longer keys. This paper describes practical ways to generate keys from physical unclonable functions, for both lattice and code based cryptography. Handshakes between client devices containing the PUFs and a server are used to select sets of addressable positions in the PUFs, from which streams of bits called seeds are generated on demand. The public and private cryptographic key pairs are computed from these seeds together with additional streams of random numbers. The method allows the server to independently validate the public key generated by the PUF, and act as a certificate authority in the network. Technologies such as High performance computing, and graphic processing units can further enhance security by preventing attackers to make this independent validation when only equipped with less powerful computers.
Ensemble Learning of Multi-Source Satellite Sensors Dataset for Estimating Forest Biomass in New England Region
Authors: Sharma Ram C.
Published: February 2021

This paper presents ensemble learning of multi-source satellite sensors dataset to obtain better predictive performance of the forest biomass. Spectral, spectral-indices, and spectral-textural features were generated from two optical satellite sensors, Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Sentinel-2 Multispectral Instrument (MSI). In addition, two radar satellite sensors, Sentinel-1 C-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (CSAR), and Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS-2) Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR-2) were utilized to generate backscattering and backscattering-textural features. The plot-wise above ground biomass data available from five forests in New England region were utilized. Ensemble learning of multi-source satellite sensors dataset was carried out by employing four machine learning regressors namely, Support Vector Machines (SVM), Random Forests (RF), Gradient Boosting (GB), and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP). A five-fold cross-validation method was used to evaluate predictive performance of the multi-source satellite sensors. The integration of multi-source satellite features, comprising of spectral, spectral-indices, backscattering, spectral-textural, and backscattering-textural information, through ensemble learning and cross-validation approach implemented in the research showed promising results (R2 = 0.81, RMSE = 46.2 Mg/ha) for the estimation of plots-level forest biomass in New England region.
Dynamic Capability and Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility Adoption: Evidence from China
Authors: Li Jing , Benamraoui Abdelhafid , Shah Neeta , Mathew Sudha
Published: February 2021

An increasing number of studies have proposed that corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance depends on how companies apply their resources and capabilities to implement CSR. A firm’s ability to integrate, build, and reconfigure internal and external competencies to respond to environmental changes is its dynamic capability. Implementation of CSR at the strategic level will contribute to a firm’s sustainability. However, the research on strategic CSR is incipient. This study explores possible mechanisms to investigate how dynamic capability influences the performance of strategic CSR in China. By analyzing 134 Chinese listed companies in the period 2017–2019, in this study, we found that firms with a high level of dynamic capability were less likely to adopt strategic CSR practices, and had a low strategic CSR adoption performance. The results confirmed the loss aversion channel, indicating that firms with a high dynamic capability level were loss averse and that managers had a decreasing sensibility in decision-making and allocated fewer company resources in CSR projects. These results can help companies to better understand the dynamic capability and how dynamic capability contributes to the adoption of strategic CSR and performance over time. The policy implications of the study are also discussed.
Online Fake News About Food: Self-Evaluation, Social Influence And The Stages Of Change Moderation
Authors: Castellini Greta , Savarese Mariarosaria , Graffigna Guendalina
Published: February 2021

In the Italian context, the diffusion of online fake news about food is becoming increasingly fast-paced and widespread, making it more difficult for the public to recognize reliable information. Moreover, this phenomenon is deteriorating the relation with public institutions and industries. The purpose of this article is to provide a more advanced understanding of the individual psychological factors and the social influence contribute to the belief in food-related online fake news and the aspects that can increase or mitigate this risk. Data were collected with a self-report questionnaire between February and March 2019. We obtained 1004 valid questionnaires filled out by a representative sample of Italian population, extracted by stratified sampling. We used structural equation modelling (SEM) and the multi-group analyses to test our hypothesis. The results show that self-evaluation negatively affects the social-influence, which in turn positively affects the belief in online fake news. Moreover, this latter relationship is moderated by the readiness to change. Our results suggest that individual psychological characteristics and social influence are important to explain the belief in online fake news in the food sector; however, a pivotal role is played by the motivation of change lifestyle. This should be considered to engage people in clear and effective communication.
A Theoretical Model Explaining the Development and Maintenance of Clinical Burnout
Authors: Almén Niclas
Published: February 2021

Burnout is common in many countries and is associated with several other problems, such as depression, anxiety, insomnia and memory deficits, and prospectively it predicts long-term sick-leave, cardiovascular disease and death. Clinical burnout or its residual symptoms often last several years and a common assumption is that recovery takes a long time by nature despite full time sick-leave and absence of work stress. Literature suggests models that hypothetically explain the development, but not maintenance, of the syndrome. Based on cognitive and behavioral principles and stress theory this paper describes a theoretical model explaining how clinical burnout can develop and be maintained. While the development of clinical burnout is mainly explained by prolonged stress reactions and disturbed recovery processes due to work related stressors, maintenance of the syndrome is particularly explained by prolonged stress reactions and disturbed recovery processes due to the new context of experiencing burnout and being on sick-leave. Worry about acquired memory deficits, passivity and excessive sleep, shame, fear of stress reactions, and the perception of not being safe are examples of responses that can contribute to the maintenance. The model has important implications for research and how to intervene clinical burnout.
Advanced Selection Materials in Solar Cell Efficiency and their Properties- A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Alarifi Ibrahim
Published: February 2021

Solar cell layers technology has achieved global standing in the solar cell layers deposition process, and it covers the innovative methods and techniques in significant applications. Recent solar cell layers technology has an advanced interest in a refined approach to enhance performance and highlights the importance of recent proficient procedures for manufacturing. For example, the application is used to search for novel materials for solar cells' layers to clarify the current energy crisis. The technological process and various types of solar cells depend on climate change. Among them, layers of solar cells and silicon wafer solar cells are very encouraging. Solar cell layers technology has led to solar cells being a more reasonable active option in design and production. The productivities facilitated by new solar cells still need to be enhanced for the various processes involved in the additional enhancement from Copper Indium Gallium Selenide (CIGS) microfilms to solar cell crystal structure dye-sensitized solar cells. The hydrophobic coating works as an anti-dust coating, enhancing efficiency and decreasing the cost of cleaning solar cells. In Saudi Arabia Majmaah City, most solar projects are in dry regions, where the dusty weather reduces solar cell efficiency. Therefore, combining these two properties and applying an anti-reflective and superhydrophobic coating will increase solar cell efficiency by 20%. Solar cells' crystal structure results are substituted with layers or new materials to balance environmental impact and toxic nature.
Pyrolysis & Adsorption Characterization of Activated Carbon synthesis – A Review
Authors: Yuvaraj G.
Published: February 2021

Actuated carbon (AC) is utilized in various conditions of uses after its disclosure as a solid and dependable adsorbent. A review on AC is introduced along with returning to the wellsprings of AC age; strategies used to produce AC including pyrolysis enactment; actual actuation; synthetic initiation and steam pyrolysis. The significant variables influencing the AC creation, the potential uses of AC and their future possibilities are likewise examined. AC is applied in water, wastewater and leachate medicines in numerous nations, particularly to clean the shading, eliminate the smell and some substantial metals. Taking into account this, an exhaustive rundown of research on compound, physical and organic change strategies of initiated carbon relating to prevent of foreign substance expulsion from watery arrangements was aggregated and investigated. Additionally, the examination of the actual blending strategy and the impregnation technique in enactment with antacid metals shows that the actuated carbon got through actual blending had a higher porosity than the initiated carbon created by the impregnation technique. The uses of initiated carbon items were quickly surveyed.
Metabolic Effects of Hydrophobic Alginate Derivative and Tetrahydrolipstatin in Rats Fed Diet Supplemented With Palm Fat and Cholesterol
Authors: Marounek Milan , Zdeněk Volek , Taubner Tomáš , Dušková Dagmar , Czauderna Marian
Published: February 2021

The effects of octadecylamide of alginic acid (amidated alginate) and tetrahydrolipstatin on serum and hepatic cholesterol, and the faecal output of fat and sterols were compared in rats. Amidated alginate is a sorbent of lipids, tetrahydrolipstatin is inhibitor of pancreatic lipase. Rats were fed diets containing cholesterol and palm fat at 10 and 70 g/kg, respectively. Palm fat was provided by coconut meal. Amidated alginate at 40 g/kg diet significantly decreased serum total cholesterol, LDL and hepatic cholesterol, hepatic lipids, and increased faecal output of fat and coprostanol. Tetrahydrolipstatin at 300 mg/kg diet significantly decreased LDL cholesterol, hepatic lipids and increased faecal output of fat. The intake of feed was not significantly influenced, however the weight gains in rats fed amidated alginate was lower than in rats of the control group. Both amidated alginate and tetrahydrolipstatin modified fatty acid profile in excreta lipids. Concentrations of saturated fatty acids were decreased and that of unsaturated fatty acids were increased. Despite different mode of action, amidated alginate and tetrahydrolipstatin were equally efficient in the removing dietary fat from the body.
DM Noise Estimation and DM EMI Filter Design for Interleaved Boost PFC Converters
Authors: Nourani Esfetanaj Naser , Wang Huai , Blaabjerg Frede , Davari Pooya
Published: February 2021

Interleaved power factor correction (PFC) is widely used circuit topology due to good efficiency and power density for single-switch boost PFC. As the differential mode (DM) electromagnetic interference (EMI) noise magnitude depends upon the input current ripple, this research details a comprehensive study of DM EMI filter design for interleaved boost PFC with the aim of minimizing the component size. It is also demonstrated that the different numbers of interleaved stages and switching frequency influence the filter attenuation requirement and, thus, the EMI filter size. First, an analytical model is derived on the basis of the Norton equivalent circuit model for the differential mode noises of interleaved boost PFC within the frequency range of 9-500 kHz. The derived model can help identify the optimal phase shifting among the interleaved boost converters in order to minimize the considered differential mode noises at the filter design frequency. So, a novel phase-shift method is developed to get a minimized attenuation required by a filter in Band B. Further, a volume optimization of the required DM filter was introduced based on the calculated filter attenuation and volumetric component parameters. Based on the obtained results, unconventional and conventional phase shifts have demonstrated a good performance in decreasing the EMI filter volume in Band B and Band A, respectively. A 2-kW interleaved PFC case study is presented to verify the theoretical analyses and the impact of phase-shifting on EMI filter size.
Overexpression of Rice Metacaspase, OsMC4, Increases Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Tolerance in Transgenic Rice Calli
Authors: Yusof Nurul Faqihah Mohd , Saparin Nur Fadzliyana , Ahmad Seman Zulkifli , Ab Rahman Zuraida , Sew Yun Shin , Shaharuddin Noor Azmi , Roslan Muhamad Aidilfitri Mohamad , Abdul Rahman Nor Aini , Gallois Patrick , Sobri Zulfazli M.
Published: February 2021

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an important organelle responsible as protein synthesis regulator in plant. High salinity can also lead to the activation of ER stress, caused by the accumulation of misfolded protein. This could lead to a stress response mechanism, unfolded protein response (UPR). Failure of UPR to reverse the effect of protein misfolding will activate Programmed Cell Death (PCD). Metacaspase genes regulate programmed cell death (PCD) in plants. The present study was focused on comprehensive gene analyses of the expression patterns of type II rice metacaspase (OsMC) genes in response to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and salinity stress in rice leaf and OsMC4 in callus. A strong evidence of unfolded protein response (UPR) during tolerance to both ER and salinity stress was found in the present study. Overexpression of OsMC4 in rice callus as a fusion protein with TagRFP and controlled by the CaMV35 promoter caused major changes in the expression of the stress ER-marker genes, protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) and Binding immunoglobulin Protein (BiP), and OsMC4 in overexpressing calli. These expression analyses of the OsMC family provide valuable information for further functional studies on the biological roles of OsMCs in PCD related to ER and salinity stress responses.
Application of Sentinel-1 Radar Remote Sensing Data for Detecting Nuclear Test Location in North Korea on September 3, 2017
Authors: Akhmadiya Asset , Moldamurat Khuralay , Nabiyev Nabi , Kismanova Aigerim
Published: February 2021

Sentinel-1A/B radar remote sensing data were applied for the first time to determine the sixth nuclear test, its underground explosion h-bomb location and affected zone in North Korea, on September 3, 2017. Location of epicenters nuclear test were found according to line-of-sight displacement images via its maximum value. Line-of-sight displacement images were obtained by processing in the GMTSAR package in the VirtualBox virtual machine of the Linux Ubuntu 16.04 operation system. In this research, three scenes Sentinel-B data with descending orbits were considered, one after and two before the event (the nuclear test date) scene were used.
The Assessment and the Within-Plant Variation of the Morpho-Physiological Traits and VOCs Profile in Endemic and Rare Salvia ceratophylloides Ard. (Lamiaceae)
Authors: Vescio Rosa , Abenavoli Maria Rosa , Araniti Fabrizio , Sofo Adriano , Laface Valentina Lucia Astrid , Spampinato Giovanni , Sorgonà Agostino
Published: February 2021

Salvia ceratophylloides (Ard.) is an endemic, rare, threatened plant species recently rediscovered in very few individuals in two different sites of South Italy. The study of within-plant variation more than among-plant one is fundamental to understand the plant adaptation to the local conditions, especially in rare species, and consequently to preserve plant biodiversity. Here, we reported the variation of the morpho-ecophysiological and metabolic traits between the sessile and petiolate leaf of S. ceratophylloides plants in two different sites for understanding the adaptation strategies for surviving in these habitats. The S. ceratophylloides individuals exhibited different net photosynthetic rate, maximum quantum yield, light intensity for the saturation of the photosynthetic machinery, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, leaf area, fractal dimension and some VOCs between the different leaf types. This within-plant morpho-physiological and metabolic variation was depended on the site. These results provide empirical evidence of sharply within-plant variation of the morpho-physiological traits and VOCs profiles in S. ceratophylloides which could be because of adaptation to the local conditions.
Newton's Third Law in the Framework of Special Relativity for Charged Bodies
Authors: Yahalom Asher , Rajput Shailendra
Published: February 2021

Newton's third law states that any action is countered by a reaction of equal magnitude but opposite direction. The total force in a system not affected by external forces is thus zero. However, according to the principles of relativity, a signal cannot propagate at speeds exceeding the speed of light. Hence the action and reaction cannot be generated at the same time due to the relativity of simultaneity. Thus, the total force cannot be null at a given time. In a previous paper \cite{MTAY1}, we have shown that Newt\-on'n third law cannot strictly hold in a distributed system, where the different parts are at a finite distance from each other. This is due to the finite speed of signal propagation, which cannot exceed the speed of light in the vacuum. A specific example of two current loops with time dependent currents demonstrated that the summing of the total force in the system does not add up to zero. This analysis led to the suggestion of a relativistic engine \cite{MTAY3,AY1}. As the system is affected by a total force for a finite period, the system acquires mechanical momentum and energy. Now the question then arises how can we accommodate the law of momentum and energy conservation. The subject of momentum conversation was discussed in \cite{MTAY4}, while preliminary results regarding energy conservation were discussed in \cite{AY2,RY,RY2}. Previous analysis relied on the fact that the bodies were macroscopically natural, which means that the number of electrons and ions is equal in every volume element. Here we relax this assumption and study charged bodies, thus analyzing the consequences on a possible electric relativistic engine.
The Limonene Biorefinery: From Extractive Technologies to Its Catalytic Upgrading into p-Cymene
Authors: Satira Antonella , Espro Claudia , Paone Emilia , Calabrò Paolo Salvatore , Pagliaro Mario , Ciriminna Rosaria , Mauriello Francesco
Published: February 2021

A renewable cyclic monoterpene obtained from citrus peel, limonene is widely used as a fra-grance, nutraceutical ingredient, antibacterial, biopesticide, and green extraction solvent. Indus-trial demand largely exceeds supply. After reviewing recent advances in the recovery of limonene from citrus peel and residues with a particular attention to benign-by-design extractive processes, we focus on the latest results in its dehydrogenation to p-cymene via heterogeneous catalysis.
La traducción y la subtitulación en el aula de idiomas
Authors: Castro Moreno Carolina
Published: February 2021

La traducción ha sido considerada como una actividad profesional centrada en un producto final, en lugar de como un medio para un fin determinado: la comunicación.

Sin embargo, esta interpretación olvida los innumerables beneficios que esta actividad ofrece. Siguiendo esto, el uso del subtitulado en la clase de lenguas es clave para la asimilación y mejora de contenidos lingüísticos mediante un aprendizaje que tiene en cuenta el contexto sociocultural de estos contenidos. El subtitulado es crucial para ayudar al cerebro a visualizar simultáneamente el sonido y la traducción de un concepto, lo que, contrariamente a lo que se cree, permite a los estudiantes adquirir las estructuras apropiadas y omitir la traducción literal.

Siguiendo esto, el objetivo de este artículo es reevaluar el papel de la traducción y mostrar el potencial de los subtítulos en el ámbito de la enseñanza de lenguas mostrando su estrecha relación con los aspectos culturales y el aprendizaje de la lengua.

Así pues, la implementación de una unidad didáctica centrada en el uso del subtitulado ha mostrado la mejora en los resultados del alumnado en todas las destrezas de la lengua y, por tanto, ha evidenciado el impacto positivo de este recurso en el aula.
altWIZ : A System for Satellite Radar Altimeter Evaluation of Modeled Wave Heights
Authors: Collins Clarence O. , Hesser Tyler J.
Published: February 2021

This Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering Technical Note (CHETN) describes the design and implementation of a wave model evaluation system, altWIZ, which uses wave height observations from operational satellite radar altimeters. The altWIZ system utilizes two recently released altimeter databases: Ribal and Young (2019) and European Space Agency Sea State Climate Change Initiative v.1.1 level 2 (Dodet et al. 2020). The system facilitates model evaluation against 1 Hz1 altimeter data or a product created by averaging altimeter data in space and time around model grid points. The system allows, for the first time, quantitative analysis of spatial model errors within the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Wave Information Study (WIS) 30+ year hindcast for coastal United States. The system is demonstrated on the WIS 2017 Atlantic hindcast, using a 1/2° basin scale grid and a 1/4° regional grid of the East Coast. Consistent spatial patterns of increased bias and root-mean-square-error are exposed. Seasonal strengthening and weakening of these spatial patterns are found, related to the seasonal variation of wave energy. Some model errors correspond to areas known for high currents, and thus wave-current interaction. In conjunction with the model comparison, additional functions for pairing altimeter measurements with buoy data and storm tracks have been built. Appendices give information on the code access (Appendix I), organization and files (Appendix II), example usage (Appendix III), and demonstrating options (Appendix IV).
The Transformation of DSN-MUI Fatwa in The Unit-Linked Products: A Contemporary Analysis
Authors: Abidah Atik
Published: February 2021

This article aims to review more concretely how the fatwa position of DSN-MUI toward Sharia Insurance in Indonesia's legal system and how this fatwa is transformed by insurance companies in the form of Unit Link products. Researchers used library research methods, comparative and correlative approaches, and content analysis techniques to answer this. Based on the analysis, the position of the fatwa of DSN-MUI toward Sharia Insurance is hierarchically equivalent to the position of the laws and regulations based on the provisions stated in Article 1 paragraph 3 of Law No. 40 of 2014 on Insurance. Furthermore, from the aspect of transformation, it is found that there are three patterns of transformation used by insurance companies; there are patterns of adoption, expansion, and narrowing. The narrowing pattern is widely used because of the technical nature of the Unit Link. However, from the aspect of conformity with the fatwa, after the transformation process is carried out, especially in the fatwa of the DSN-MUI regarding wakalah bil ujrah by expanding the meaning of ujrah, it is resulted in deviations from sharia principles, especially considering the types of ujrah as stated in a limited manner in the fatwa. wakalah bil ujrah. This research contributes to providing a way to resolve the implementation of Unit Link.Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengulas secara lebih konkrit bagaimana posisi fatwa DSN-MUI tentang Asuransi Syariah dalam sistem hukum di Indonesia dan bagaimana fatwa ini ditransformasikan oleh perusahaan asuransi dalam produk unit link. Untuk menjawab hal ini, peneliti menggunakan metode library research, pendekatan komparatif dan korelatif serta teknik content analysis. Berdasarkan analisis yang telah dilakukan, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kedudukan fatwa DSN-MUI tentang Asuransi Syariah secara hierarkis setara dengan kedudukan peraturan perundang-undangan berdasarkan ketentuan yang tersurat dalam Pasal 1 ayat 3 UU No. 40 Tahun 2014 tentang Perasuransian. Selanjutnya, dari aspek transformasi, ditemukan tiga pola transformasi yang digunakan oleh perusahaan asuransi yakni pola adopsi, perluasan, dan penyempitan. Pola penyempitan banyak digunakan lantaran sifat teknis dari unit link. Sedangkan dari aspek kesesuaian dengan fatwa setelah dilakukan proses transformasi, khususnya dalam fatwa DSN-MUI tentang wakalah bil ujrah dengan melakukan perluasan makna ujrah mengakibatkan adanya penyimpangan terhadap prinsip syariah khususnya tentang jenis ujrah sebagaimana disebutkan secara limitatif dalam fatwa wakalah bil ujrah. Penelitian ini berkontribusi dalam memberikan jalan penyelesaian implementasi unit link yang selama ini dianggap bermasalah.
Follow-up of COVID-19 Recovered Patients with Mild Disease
Authors: Kashif Alina , Chaudhry Manahil , Fayyaz Tehreem , Abdullah Mohammad , Malik Ayesha , Anwer Javairia Manal Akmal , Inam Syed Hashim , Fatima Tehreem , Iqbal Noreena , Shoaib Khadija
Published: February 2021

COVID-19 may manifest as mild, moderate or severe disease with each grade of severity having its own features and post-viral implications. With the rising burden of the pandemic, it is vital to identify not only active disease but any post-recovery complications as well.This study was conducted with the aim of identifying the presence of post-viral symptomatology in patients recovered from mild COVID-19 disease. Presence or absence of eleven post viral symptoms was recorded and we found that eight of the eleven studied symptoms were notably more prevalent amongst the female sample population. Our results validate the presence of prolonged symptoms months after recovery from mild COVID-19 disease, particularly in association with the female gender. Hence, proving the post-COVID syndrome is a recognizable diagnosis in the bigger context of the post-viral fatigue syndrome.
Clinico-pathological relationship between androgen receptor (AR) and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC)
Authors: Helal Thanaa , Bakkach Joaira , Elghazawy Hagar , Aref Ahmed , Kelany Mohamed , Abdallah Lamiaa , Abdelbakey Fatma , Ali Dalia , Ali Doaa , Ahmed Mai , El-Hafeez Amer Abd , Ghosh Pradipta , Alorabi Mohamed
Published: February 2021

Background

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer (BC) with ill-defined therapeutic targets. Androgen receptor (AR) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) had a prognostic and predictive value in TNBC. The relationship between AR, TILs and clinical behavior is still not fully understood.
Methods

Thirty-six TNBC patients were evaluated for AR (positive if ≥ 1% expression), CD3, CD4, CD8 and CD20 by immunohistochemistry. Stromal TILs were quantified following TILs Working Group recommendations. Lymphocyte-predominant breast cancer (LPBC) was defined as having stromal TILs ≥ 50%, whereas lymphocyte-deficient breast cancer (LDBC) was defined as < 50%.
Results

The mean age was 52.5 years and 27.8% were ≥ 60 years. Seven patients (21.2%) were AR+. All AR + cases were postmenopausal (≥ 50 years old). No statistical difference was found in median overall survival (OS) between AR- and AR + groups (31.5 vs. 25 months, p = 0.77). LPBC was 32.2%. Median TILs was 37.5% and 10% (p = 0.1) and median CD20 was 20% and 7.5% (p = 0.008) in AR- and AR+, respectively. Mean CD3 was 80.7% and 93.3% (p = 0.007) and CD8 was 75% and 80.8% (p = 0.41) in AR- and AR + respectively. All patients who were ≥ 60 years old expressed CD20. LDBC was found to be significantly higher in N + vs. N- patients (p = 0.03) with median TILs of 20% vs. 50% in N + vs. N-, respectively (p = 0.03). LDBC was associated with higher risk of lymph node involvement (OR = 6, 95% CI = 1.05–34.21, p = 0.04).
Conclusions

AR expression was evident in older age (≥ 50 years). Median CD20 was higher in AR- TNBC, while mean CD3 was higher in AR + tumors. LDBC was associated with higher risk of lymph node involvement. Larger studies are needed to focus on the clinical impact of the relation between AR and TILs in TNBC.
Nutrient Component Analyses of Selected Wild Edible Plants From Hamirpur District of Himachal Pradesh, India: An Evaluation For Future Food
Authors: Bhatti Ram Chand , Kaur Rupinder , Kumar Abhishek , Kumar Viney , Singh Siril , Kumar Pardeep , Sharma Sheenu , Nirmala Chongtham , Singh Anand Narain
Published: February 2021

Background: Indigenous people of any particular region use various wild plants for their food, medicines, and other economic products. Many of these wild plants have been documented for their utilization as future foods and medicines based on these people's information. However, information about the nutrient components of many wild edible plants has yet to be scientifically tested. Therefore, this study evaluated the nutrient components of selected wild edible plants.Methods: A total of 21 species were selected for nutrient and mineral analyses from a total of 90 wild edible plants reported during the survey of 1720 households. Based on the reported edible use, different plant parts of each species were evaluated for their carbohydrate, protein, fat, vitamin, and mineral contents. The obtained data were then analyzed using various quantitative indices to assess the selected wild edible plant's efficacy. Results: It was found that nutrient content considerably varied among all the selected species. Among the selected plant species, Digera muricata has the richest protein content, the tuber of Dioscorea sp. has plenty of carbohydrate content, and Dioscorea bulbifera has the highest fat content. Similarly, Spondias pinnata and Boerhavia diffusa were rich sources of vitamin C and vitamin E, respectively. Digera muricata was found to be promising future food based on overall nutrient composition. Conclusions: Several traditionally used wild edible plants can have surprisingly higher nutritional contents. These plants can offer a basis for developing dietary supplements and nutraceuticals on a commercial scale. Thus, scientific evaluation and validation of such underutilized plants and their products may prove an alternative future food for malnutrition people.
Effect of Sleep Intervention Programs on the Quality of Sleep of Patients in Cardiac Rehabilitation Center
Authors: Ghaneh Fatemeh , Firozabadi Mahdieh Ghanbari , Madadizadeh Farzan , Nasiriani KHadijeh
Published: February 2021

Background Patients with cardiovascular problems experience sleep disorders. Due to the importance of adequate sleep and rest for the growth and repair of damaged cells, it is necessary to use appropriate interventions to improve it.This study determined the effect of sleep intervention programs during cardiac rehabilitation on patients' sleep quality.Methods In this clinical trial study, 35 individuals participated in the cardiac rehabilitation program as the experimental group and 35 served as the control group. The program included 12 weeks of exercise, 3 sessions per week, and 3 sessions of training programs each lasting for 45 minutes, and a special two-session sleep improvement program. Data were collected using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index and analysed with descriptive and inferential statistical methods.ResultsThe two study groups were matched with age, sex, marital status, smoking and current disease diagnosis (P>0.05). The scores of sleep quality of patients were 9.2±1.58 before and 4.40±1.14 after intervention in the experimental group and 9.02±2.56 before and 7.48 ±1.86 after placebo in the control group. There was no significant difference before (P=0.73), but a significant difference after an intervention (P=0.0001). Also, scores of sleep quality of patients were significantly different in the experimental and control groups before and after the intervention (P=0.0001). Conclusion Findings indicated that the quality of sleep of cardiac patients improved after using the sleep intervention program during the cardiac rehabilitation program. Therefore, it is suggested to implement sleep improvement programs as an effective, easy, and feasible technique.
Assessing The Completeness of Periodontal Disease Documentation in The EHR: A First Step in Measuring The Quality of Care
Authors: Mullins Joanna , Yansane Alfa , Kumar Shwetha , Bangar Suhasini , Neumann Ana , Johnson Todd , Olson Gregory , Kookal Krishna Kumar , Sedlock Emily , Kim Aram , Mertz Elizabeth , Brandon Ryan , Simmons Kristen , White Joel , Kalenderian Elsbeth , Walji Muhammad
Published: February 2021

Background: Our objective was to measure the proportion of patients for which comprehensive periodontal charting, periodontal disease risk factors (diabetes status, tobacco use, and oral home care compliance), and periodontal diagnoses were documented in the electronic health record (EHR). We developed an EHR-based quality measure to assess how well four dental institutions documented periodontal disease-related information. An automated database script was developed and implemented in the EHR at each institution. The measure was validated by comparing the findings from the measure with a manual review of charts. Results: The overall measure scores varied significantly across the four institutions (site 1=20.47%, site 2=0.97%, site 3=22.27% site 4= 99.49%, p-value <0.0001). The largest gaps in documentation were related to periodontal diagnoses and capturing oral homecare compliance. A random sample of 1,224 charts were manually reviewed and showed excellent validity when compared with the data generated from the EHR-based measure (Sensitivity, Specificity, PPV, and NPV >80%). Conclusion: Our results demonstrate the feasibility of developing automated data extraction scripts using structured data from EHRs, and successfully implementing these to identify and measure the periodontal documentation completeness within and across different dental institutions.
Nanoencapsulation of thyme essential oil: a new avenue to enhance its protective role against oxidative stress and cytotoxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles in rats
Authors: Hassan Marwa E. , Hassan Rasha R. , Diab Kawther A. , El-Nekeety Aziza A. , Hassan Nabila S. , Abdel-Wahhab Mosaad Attia
Published: February 2021

This study aimed to evaluate the potential protective role of encapsulated thyme oil (ETO) against zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs). ETO was prepared using a mixture of whey protein isolate, maltodextrin, and gum Arabic, and ZnO-NPs were synthesized using parsley extract. Six groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated orally for 21 days included the control group, ZnO-NPs-treated group (25 mg/kg b.w), ETO-treated groups at low or high dose (50, 100 mg/kg b.w) and the groups received ZnO-NPs plus ETO at the two doses. Blood and tissue samples were collected for different assays. The results showed that carvarcol and thymol were the major components in ETO among 13 compounds isolated by GC-MS. ZnO-NPs were spherical and ETOs were round in shape with an average size of 38 and 311.8 nm, respectively. Administration of ZnO-NPs induced oxidative stress, DNA damage, biochemical, ctyogentical, and histological changes in rats. ETO at the tested doses alleviated these disturbances and showed protective effects against the hazards of ZnO-NPs. It could be concluded that encapsulation of thyme oil using whey protein isolate, maltodextrin and gum Arabic improved ETO properties, probably possess synergistic effects, and can be used as a promising tool in pharmaceutical and food applications.
Foliage application of chitosan alleviates cadmium toxicity in wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L)
Authors: Liu Jun , Xu Ying , Zong Haiying
Published: February 2021

Excessive cadmium (Cd) causes toxic effects on crops. The effects of chitosan (CTS) with different molecular weight (Mw) (5 kDa, 3kDa, and 1 kDa) on the growth and biochemical parameters, as well as Cd concentrations in Cd-treated wheat plants were examined in a pot experiment. The results demonstrated that foliar spraying with CTS significantly improve the wheat growth, reduce malondialdehyde (MDA) content in leaves and decrease Cd concentrations in roots and shoots of wheat seeding under Cd stress. The alleviation of Cd toxicity by CTS is probably related with the activity of antioxidant enzymes, osmotic adjustment matter and root morphology. The application of CTS enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) in Cd-stressed wheat seedling leaves by 6.6%–13.1%, 17.2%–33.0%, and 19.6%–25.5%, respectively. Besides, exogenously applied CTS also increased the soluble protein and soluble sugar contents by 17.6%–33.8% and 30.1%–36.1% in the leaves of wheat under Cd stress. Furthermore, CTS with a molecular weight of 1 kDa was the most effective in mitigating Cd toxicity in wheat seedlings, which indicates that the activity of CTS is depend on its molecular weight. It can be concluded that the use of foliar spraying, especially with 1 kDa CTS, could have potential in reducing the damage of Cd stress.
Genetic Control and Phenotypic Characterization of Panicle Architecture and Grain Yield Related Traits in Foxtail Millet (Setaria Italica)
Authors: Zhi Hui , He Qiang , Tang Sha , Yang Junjun , Zhang Wei , Liu Huifang , Jia Yanchao , Jia Guanqing , Zhang Aiying , Li Yuhui , Guo Erhu , Gao Ming , Li Shujie , Li Junxia , Qin Na , Zhang Cancan , Ma Chunye , Zhang Haijin , Chen Guoqiu , Zhang Wenfei , Wang Haigang , Qiao Zhijun , Xing Lu , Wang Sunying , Liu Jinrong , Liu Jun , Diao Xianmin
Published: February 2021

Panicle architecture and grain weight, both of which are influenced by genetic and environmental factors, have significant effects on grain yield potential. Here, we used a recombinant inbred line population (RIL) of 333 lines, which were grown in 13 trials with varying environmental conditions, to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) that control differences in 9 agronomic traits related to panicle architecture and grain yield. We find that panicle weight, grain weight per panicle, panicle length, panicle diameter, and panicle exsertion length varied across different geographical locations. QTL mapping revealed 159 QTL for nine traits, of these, 34 QTL were identified in 2 to 12 environments, suggesting that the genetic control of panicle architecture in foxtail millet is sensitive to photoperiod or other environmental factors. 88 QTL controlling different traits formed 34 co-located QTL clusters, including the triple QTL cluster qPD9.2/qPL9.5/qPEL9.3, the genomic region of which was detected by 23 times in 13 environments. Several candidate genes were identified in the genomic intervals of multi-environmental QTL or co-located QTL clusters, including Seita.2G388700, Seita.3G136000, Seita.4G185300, Seita.5G241500, Seita.5G243100, Seita.9G281300, and Seita.9G342700. Among these, Seita.9G342700 was the candidate gene of qPD9.2/qPL9.5/qPEL9.3 QTL cluster, it is homologous to rice OsMADS56, which encodes a putative MADS-box transcription factor that determines inﬂorescence architecture in rice. These results not only provided a basis for further fine mapping, functional studies and marker-assisted selection of panicle architecture related traits in foxtail millet, but also benefited comparative genomics of cereal crops.