bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical Assessment of Reduced Order Modeling Techniques for Dynamic Analysis of Jointed Structures With Contact Nonlinearities
Authors: Yuan Jie , El-Haddad Fadi , Salles Loic , Wong Chian
Published: August 2018

This work presents an assessment of classical and state of the art reduced order modeling (ROM) techniques to enhance the computational efficiency for dynamic analysis of jointed structures with local contact nonlinearities. These ROM methods include classical free interface method (Rubin method, MacNeal method), fixed interface method Craig-Bampton (CB), Dual Craig-Bampton (DCB) method and also recently developed joint interface mode (JIM) and trial vector derivative (TVD) approaches. A finite element (FE) jointed beam model is considered as the test case taking into account two different setups: one with a linearized spring joint and the other with a nonlinear macroslip contact friction joint. Using these ROM techniques, the accuracy of dynamic behaviors and their computational expense are compared separately. We also studied the effect of excitation levels, joint region size, and number of modes on the performance of these ROM methods.
Overuse injuries are prevalent in children’s competitive football: a prospective study using the OSTRC Overuse Injury Questionnaire
Authors: Leppänen Mari , Pasanen Kati , Clarsen Benjamin , Kannus Pekka , Bahr Roald , Parkkari Jari , Haapasalo Heidi , Vasankari Tommi
Published: August 2018

Objectives

To investigate the prevalence and burden of overuse injuries in children’s football as well as player characteristics and their association with overuse injury risk.

Methods

This investigation is based on the control arm (10 clubs) of a randomised controlled trial investigating prevention of injuries in youth football. We conducted a prospective 20-week follow-up study on overuse injuries among Finnish football players (n=733, aged 9–14 years). Each week, we sent a text message to players’ parents to ask if the player had sustained any injury during the past week. Players with overuse problem were interviewed over the phone using an overuse injury questionnaire. The main outcome measures were prevalence of all overuse injuries and substantial overuse injuries (those leading to moderate or severe reductions in participation or performance) and injury severity.

Results

The average response rate was 95%. In total, 343 players (46.8%) reported an overuse problem while in the study. The average weekly prevalence of all overuse problems and substantial overuse problems was 12.8% and 6.0%, respectively. Injuries affecting the knee had the highest weekly prevalence (5.7% and 2.4% for all and substantial knee problems, respectively). Girls had a higher likelihood of knee problems (OR 2.70; 95% CI 1.69 to 4.17), whereas boys had a higher likelihood of heel problems (OR 2.82; 95% CI 1.07 to 7.44). The likelihood of reporting an overuse problem increased with age (OR 1.21; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.47).

Conclusion

Overuse injuries are prevalent in children’s competitive football. Knee overuse injuries represent the greatest burden on participation and performance.

Trial registration number

ISRCTN14046021.
Sex differences in impact of coronary artery calcification to predict coronary artery disease
Authors: Nakao Yoko M , Miyamoto Yoshihiro , Higashi Masahiro , Noguchi Teruo , Ohishi Mitsuru , Kubota Isao , Tsutsui Hiroyuki , Kawasaki Tomohiro , Furukawa Yutaka , Yoshimura Michihiro , Morita Hideaki , Nishimura Kunihiro , Kada Akiko , Goto Yoichi , Okamura Tomonori , Tei Chuwa , Tomoike Hitonobu , Naito Hiroaki , Yasuda Satoshi
Published: August 2018

Objective

To assess sex-specific differences regarding use of conventional risks and coronary artery calcification (CAC) to detect coronary artery disease (CAD) using coronary CT angiography (CCTA).

Methods

The Nationwide Gender-specific Atherosclerosis Determinants Estimation and Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease Prospective Cohort study is a prospective, multicentre, nationwide cohort study. Candidates with suspected CAD aged 50–74 years enrolled from 2008 to 2012. The outcome was obstructive CAD defined as any stenosis ≥50% by CCTA. We constructed logistic regression models for obstructive CAD adjusted for conventional risks (clinical model) and CAC score. Improvement in discrimination beyond risks was assessed by C-statistic; net reclassification index (NRI) for CAD probability of low (<30%), intermediate (30%–60%) and high (≥60%); and risk stratification capacity.

Results

Among 991 patients (456 women, 535 men; 65.2 vs 64.4 years old), women had lower CAC scores (median, 4 vs 60) and lower CAD prevalence (21.7% vs 37.0%) than men. CAC significantly improved model discrimination compared with clinical model in both sexes (0.66–0.79 in women vs 0.61–0.83 in men). The NRI for women was 0.33, which was much lower than that for men (0.71). Adding CAC to clinical model had a larger benefit in terms of moving an additional 43.3% of men to the most determinant categories (high or low risk) compared with −1.4% of women.

Conclusions

The addition of CAC to a prediction model based on conventional variables significantly improved the classification of risk in suspected patients with CAD, with sex differences influencing the predictive ability.

Trial registration number

UMIN-CTR Clinical Trial: UMIN000001577.
Intimate partner violence against low-income women in Mexico City and associations with work-related disruptions: a latent class analysis using cross-sectional data
Authors: Gupta Jhumka , Willie Tiara C , Harris Courtney , Campos Paola Abril , Falb Kathryn L , Garcia Moreno Claudia , Diaz Olavarrieta Claudia , Okechukwu Cassandra A
Published: August 2018

Background

Disrupting women’s employment is a strategy that abusive partners could use to prevent women from maintaining economic independence and stability. Yet, few studies have investigated disruptions in employment among victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) in low-income and middle-income countries. Moreover, even fewer have sought to identify which female victims of IPV are most vulnerable to such disruptions.

Methods

Using baseline data from 947 women in Mexico City enrolled in a randomised controlled trial, multilevel latent class analysis (LCA) was used to classify women based on their reported IPV experiences. Furthermore, multilevel logistic regression analyses were performed on a subsample of women reporting current work (n=572) to investigate associations between LCA membership and IPV-related employment disruptions.

Results

Overall, 40.6% of women who were working at the time of the survey reported some form of work-related disruption due to IPV. LCA identified four distinct classes of IPV experiences: Low Physical and Sexual Violence (39.1%); High Sexual and Low Physical Violence class (9.6%); High Physical and Low Sexual Violence and Injuries (36.5%); High Physical and Sexual Violence and Injuries (14.8%). Compared with women in the Low Physical and Sexual Violence class, women in the High Physical and Sexual Violence and Injuries class and women in the High Physical and Low Sexual Violence and Injuries class were at greater risk of work disruption (adjusted relative risk (ARR) 2.44, 95% CI 1.80 to 3.29; ARR 2.05, 95% CI 1.56 to 2.70, respectively). No other statistically significant associations emerged.

Conclusion

IPV, and specific patterns of IPV experiences, must be considered both in work settings and, more broadly, by economic development programmes.

Trial registration number

NCT01661504.
A new approach to real space renormalization group treatment of Ising model for square and simple cubic lattice
Authors: Kaya Tuncer
Published: August 2018

Real Space Renormalization Group (RSRG) treatment of Ising model for square and simple cubic lattice is investigated and critical coupling strengths of these lattices are obtained. The mathematical complications, which appear inevitable in the decimated partition function due to Block-spin transformation, is treated with a relevant approximation. The approximation is based on the approximate equivalence of [Formula: see text] for small [Formula: see text], where K is the nearest neighbor coupling strength and [Formula: see text] is the nearest neighbor spins degrees of freedom around a central spin. The values of the critical coupling strengths are obtained as 0.4830 for square lattice and 0.2225 for simple cubic (SC) lattice. The corresponding critical exponents values [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are also calculated within very acceptable agreement with those values obtained from numerical works.
Theory of superconductivity in strongly correlated electron systems
Authors: Chern Chyh-Hong
Published: August 2018

In the correlated electron system with the pseudogap, full-gapped domains and Fermi-arced domains coexist. These domains are created by the quantum-fluctuated antiferromagnetic correlation that generates the short-ranged attractive potential to produce the Fermi arcs and the superconductivity. In the full-gapped domains, s-wave or [Formula: see text]-wave symmetry of the electron pairs is favored. In the Fermi-arced domains, only [Formula: see text]-wave symmetry of pairs is stable. Superconductivity of different pairing symmetry coexists in different domains as well. Different from the Cooper pairs, the correlated electrons pair up in the real space with an energy gap. Gapless states, on the contrary, hinder the development of superconductivity.
Matrix Rings over Reflexive Rings
Authors: Cheon Jeoung Soo , Kwak Tai Keun , Lee Yang
Published: August 2018

The concept of reflexive property is introduced by Mason. This note concerns a ring-theoretic property of matrix rings over reflexive rings. We introduce the concept of weakly reflexive rings as a generalization of reflexive rings. From any ring, we can construct weakly reflexive rings but not reflexive, using its lower nilradical. We study various useful properties of such rings in relation with ideals in matrix rings, showing that this new property is Morita invariant. We also investigate the weakly reflexive property of several sorts of ring extensions which have roles in ring theory.
Side-to-side elbow range of movement variability in an ulnar neurodynamic test sequence variant in asymptomatic people
Authors: Tong Michelle Meng Yim , Liu Vincent Cheng-Hsin , Hall Toby
Published: August 2018

Background: Range of motion (ROM) asymmetry between sides is one indicator of a positive neurodynamic test, but this has been less well studied for the ulnar nerve.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate side-to-side variation in elbow ROM during an ulnar neurodynamic test sequence, including contralateral cervical side flexion, in 40 asymptomatic subjects.

Methods: A traditional goniometer was used to measure elbow flexion ROM at two end points, onset of resistance ([Formula: see text]1) and symptom onset ([Formula: see text]1). Two repeated measures of [Formula: see text]1 and [Formula: see text]1 were taken on each side.

Results: Reliability for [Formula: see text]1 and [Formula: see text]1 was found to be good (ICC [Formula: see text], SEM [Formula: see text]) with no significant difference in mean ROM between sides. A significant relationship between sides was seen ([Formula: see text] values [Formula: see text]) and [Formula: see text] values [Formula: see text]; this indicates at least 23% of the variance observed in one limb was accounted for by range in the opposite limb. This relationship was slightly stronger for [Formula: see text]1 than [Formula: see text]1. Lower bound scores indicate that intra-individual ROM difference [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text]1 and 22° for [Formula: see text]1 would exceed normal ROM asymmetry.

Conclusion: These findings provide clinicians with background information of ROM asymmetry during the ulnar neurodynamic test.
Relationship between Serum Osteocalcin and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Middle-Aged Men in China: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Deng Hui , Lu Hao , Dai Yang , Li Lingling , Cao Juan , Zhu Dalong
Published: August 2018

Background and Purpose. Numerous investigations found that there exists a close relationship between serum osteocalcin and incurrence of atherosclerosis, but studies investigating the effect of serum osteocalcin on carotid atherosclerosis are very limited. Our study is aimed at investigating the role of osteocalcin in carotid atherosclerosis in middle-aged men in China. Methods. A total of 335 male middle-aged participants (40-60, 52.4 ± 3.87 years averagely) were enrolled from the institute. The carotid intima-media thicknesses (CIMT) of each subject were measured. All subjects were included either in the carotid atherosclerosis (AS) group or the control group according to the CAS diagnosis criteria. Serum osteocalcin and other markers of each patient were assessed following standard laboratory tests protocol. Results. 135 subjects were included in AS group, and 199 subjects were included in control group. The average osteocalcin level in AS group was 18.71 ± 6.20 ng/ml and was significantly different from that in control group, which was 20.38 ± 7.19 ng/ml (p=0.039). Logistic regression analysis revealed that OCN (standardized β=-0.024, p=0.013) and FINS (standardized β=-0.065, p=0.010) were independently and inversely associated with the carotid atherosclerosis, while FPG (standardized β=0.538, p=0.006) was independently and positively associated with the carotid atherosclerosis. Conclusion. Our study suggests that OCN is independently related to carotid atherosclerosis in middle-aged male individuals.
MiR-29a Inhibits Glioma Tumorigenesis through a Negative Feedback Loop of TRAF4/Akt Signaling
Authors: Liu Yongjie , Duan Naiquan , Duan Shibo
Published: August 2018

Background. MiR-29a is known as a repressor of human cancer. However, its relevance in glioma proliferation and invasion remains largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the function and mechanism of miR-29a in glioma tumorigenesis.Methods. The expression of miR-29a was determined by using qRT-PCR. CCK-8, wound healing, and transwell invasion assays were carried out to analyze the effects of miR-29a in glioblastoma cells. qRT-PCR, luciferase reporter, and western blot experiments were done to validate the targeting of TRAF4/Akt pathway by miR-29a. The expression correlation between levels of TRAF4 and miR-29a was analyzed. Regulation of miR-29a expression by enhanced/reduced TRAF4/Akt expression was finally confirmed by qRT-PCR.Results. MiR-29a was decreased in the glioma tissues, especially in those at higher grades. Following its mimic transfection, we validated that miR-29a inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Consistently, miR-29a inhibition induced the opposite effects on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. We confirmed TRAF4 as a direct target of miR-29a, which might mediate the Akt pathway activation. We showed a significantly negative expression correlation between TRAF4 and miR-29a in normal and glioma tissues. Finally we observed an upregulation of miR-29a in TRAF4/Akt activated cells.Conclusion. MiR-29a is critical tumor suppressor for glioma tumorigenesis by forming a negative feedback loop of TRAF4/Akt signaling and represents a potent therapeutic candidate for treating gliomas.
TERT and Akt Are Involved in the Par-4-Dependent Apoptosis of Islet β Cells in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Liu Chen , QiNan Wu , XiaoTian Lei , MengLiu Yang , XiaGuang Gan , WeiLing Leng , ZiWen Liang , Ling Zhang , GangYi Yang , Bing Chen
Published: August 2018

Islet β cell apoptosis plays an important role in type 2 diabetes. We previously reported that Par-4-mediated islet β cell apoptosis is induced by high-glucose/fatty acid levels. In the present study, we show that Par-4, which is induced by high-glucose/fatty acid levels, interacts with and inhibits TERT in the cytoplasm and then translocates to the nucleus. Par-4 also inhibited Akt phosphorylation, leading to islet β cell apoptosis. We inhibited Par-4 in islet β cells under high-glucose/fatty acid conditions and knocked out Par-4 in diabetic mice, which led to the up-regulation of TERT and an improvement in the apoptosis rate. We inhibited Akt phosphorylation in islet β cells and diabetic mice, which led to aggressive apoptosis. In addition, the biological film interference technique revealed that Par-4 bound to TERT via its NLS and leucine zipper domains. Our research suggests that Par-4 activation and binding to TERT are key steps required for inducing the apoptosis of islet β cells under high-glucose/fatty acid conditions. Inhibiting Akt phosphorylation aggravated apoptosis by activating Par-4 and inhibiting TERT, and Par-4 inhibition may be an attractive target for the treatment of islet β cell apoptosis.
Loss of CXCR4 in Myeloid Cells Enhances Antitumor Immunity and Reduces Melanoma Growth through NK Cell and FASL Mechanisms
Authors: Yang Jinming , Kumar Amrendra , Vilgelm Anna E. , Chen Sheau-Chiann , Ayers Gregory D. , Novitskiy Sergey V. , Joyce Sebastian , Richmond Ann
Published: August 2018

The chemokine receptor, CXCR4, is involved in cancer growth, invasion, and metastasis. Several promising CXCR4 antagonists have been shown to halt tumor metastasis in preclinical studies, and clinical trials evaluating the effectiveness of these agents in patients with cancer are ongoing. However, the impact of targeting CXCR4 specifically on immune cells is not clear. Here, we demonstrate that genetic deletion of CXCR4 in myeloid cells (CXCR4MyeΔ/Δ) enhances the antitumor immune response, resulting in significantly reduced melanoma tumor growth. Moreover, CXCR4MyeΔ/Δ mice exhibited slowed tumor progression compared with CXCR4WT mice in an inducible melanocyte BrafV600E/Pten−/− mouse model. The percentage of Fas ligand (FasL)–expressing myeloid cells was reduced in CXCR4MyeΔ/Δ mice as compared with myeloid cells from CXCR4WT mice. In contrast, there was an increased percentage of natural killer (NK) cells expressing FasL in tumors growing in CXCR4MyeΔ/Δ mice. NK cells from CXCR4MyeΔ/Δ mice also exhibited increased tumor cell killing capacity in vivo, based on clearance of NK-sensitive Yac-1 cells. NK cell–mediated killing of Yac-1 cells occurred in a FasL-dependent manner, which was partially dependent upon the presence of CXCR4MyeΔ/Δ neutrophils. Furthermore, enhanced NK cell activity in CXCR4MyeΔ/Δ mice was also associated with increased production of IL18 by specific leukocyte subpopulations. These data suggest that CXCR4-mediated signals from myeloid cells suppress NK cell–mediated tumor surveillance and thereby enhance tumor growth. Systemic delivery of a peptide antagonist of CXCR4 to tumor-bearing CXCR4WT mice resulted in enhanced NK-cell activation and reduced tumor growth, supporting potential clinical implications for CXCR4 antagonism in some cancers. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(10); 1186–98. ©2018 AACR.
Isolation and Characterization of a Chinese Hamster Ovary Heparan Sulfate Cell Mutant Defective in Both Met Receptor Binding and Hepatocyte Growth Factor NK1/Met Signaling
Authors: Cao Tong , Pan Jing , Li Xiulian , He Yanli , Jiang Yifei , Chang Yajing , Zhang Qi , Lan Ying , Wang Hua , Jiao Wenjie , Tian Zibin , Zhang Lijuan
Published: August 2018

Background/Aims: The up-regulation of hepatocyte growth factor/receptor, HGF/Met, signal transduction is observed in most of human cancers. Specific heparan sulfate structures enhance the HGF/Met signaling at both cell and animal-based model systems. Biochemical studies indicate that heparan sulfate interacts with HGF and a natural occurring splicing variant NK1 of HGF with similar affinity. However, it is currently unknown if cell surface heparan sulfate binds to Met at physiological conditions and if specific cell surface heparan sulfate structures are required for effective HGF/Met or NK1/Met signaling. Methods: An established flow sorting strategy was used to isolate a soluble Met recombinant protein-binding positive or negative CHO cell clones different only in specific heparan sulfate structures. The cell surface bindings were imaged by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry analysis. Glucosamine vs. galactosamine contents from media-, cell surface-, and cell association glycosaminoglycans were quantified by HPLC. 35S-sulfate labeled glycosaminoglycans were characterized by anion exchange and size-exclusion HPLC. Heparan sulfate disaccharide compositions were determined by HPLC-MS analysis. Western blot analyses of MAPK-p42/44 were used to monitor HGF- and NK1-facillated Met signaling. Results: CHO-Positive but not CHO-Negative cell surface heparan sulfate bound to Met recombinant protein and HGF/NK1 further promoted the binding. Overall glycosaminoglycan analysis results indicated that the CHO-Negative cells had reduced amount of heparan sulfate, shorter chain length, and less 6-O-sulfated disaccharides compared to that of CHO-Positive cells. Moreover, CHO-Negative cells were defective in NK1/Met but not HGF/Met signaling. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that soluble Met recombinant protein bound to cell surface HS at physiological conditions and a Met /HGF or NK1/HS ternary signaling complex might be involved in Met signaling. Shorter HS chains and reduced 6-O-sulfation might be responsible for reduced Met binding and the diminished NK1-initiated signaling in the CHO-Negative cells. The unique CHO-Positive and CHO-Negative cell clones established in current study should be effective tools for studying the role of specific glycosaminoglycan structures in regulating Met signaling. Such knowledge should be useful in developing glycosaminoglycan-based compounds that target HGF/Met signaling.
Suckling Piglet Intestinal Enterocyte Nutrient Metabolism Changes
Authors: Wang Qiye , Xiong Xia , Wang Xiaocheng , Tu Qiang , Li Jianzhong , Ding Xueqin , Li Yali , Huang Pengfei , He Shanping , Yin Yulong , Yang Huansheng
Published: August 2018

Background/Aims: Intestinal morphology and the types of enterocytes are changed in piglets during the suckling period, but it is unclear whether these changes are associated with metabolic changes in epithelium. The present study was conducted to test the hypothesis that glucose, fatty acids, and amino acid metabolism in differentiated piglet enterocytes changed during suckling. Methods: Twenty-four piglets (Duroc × [Landrace × Yorkshire]) from 8 litters (3 piglets/litter) were selected. A single piglet from each litter was randomly selected and euthanized at days 7, 14, and 21. Differentiated enterocytes (DE) were isolated from their mid-jejunum. Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification and subsequent liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry were used to identify and measure protein synthesis. Results: The results showed that various activities, including: cellular processes; metabolic processes; biological regulation; pigmentation; and, localization, in DEs changed during suckling. Metabolic process analyses revealed that protein expression related to glycolysis and citrate cycle was decreased from day 7 to day 14. The number of differentiated enterocytes of 21 d piglets increased compared to 7 d piglets. Most of the proteins involved in fatty acid and amino acids metabolism had decreased DE expression between day 7 and day 14. Some, but not all, detected proteins down-regulated in DEs of 21 day piglets compared to 7 day piglets. Conclusion: These results indicate that glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids metabolism changed during suckling. This may provide useful information for designing feed formulas and regulating piglet intestinal growth and development.
Dois contos de crise: os institutos de exceção nos EUA e na França
Authors: Ribeiro Marcus Vinicius de Barros Magalhães
Published: August 2018

O artigo descreve os principais instrumentos jurídicos empregados pelos Estados Unidos e pela França no combate a situações de crise, tais como guerras, imigração massiva e desordenada e a expansão global de ameaças terroristas. Primeiro, apresenta o permanente confronto, nos EUA, entre o Constitucionalismo, em geral, e o Constitucionalismo Administrativo, em particular, vetores de proteção da liberdade individual e contenção do Poder, e a necessidade de preservação da ordem pública e da segurança nacional. Por conseguinte, debruça-se sobre os mais diversos institutos constitucionais, legais e jurisprudenciais desenvolvidos pela ordem jurídica francesa na tentativa de dar uma resposta aos problemas crônicos que tanta instabilidade e medo causam em sua sociedade. Ao final são feitas breves considerações acerca dos instrumentos de crise fornecidos pela ordem jurídica brasileira.
Controvérsias regulatórias nas relações contratuais entre Instituições de Ensino Superior e fundações de apoio
Authors: D'Agostino Jaqueline Priscila da Silva Souza
Published: August 2018

O artigo evidencia as controvérsias regulatórias presentes nas relações contratuais entre as Instituições de Ensino Superior e as Fundações de Apoio, delimitando o objeto das prestações de contas dos recursos geridos pelas entidades de apoio. Para tanto, mapeamos o estado da arte da relação jurídica entre ambas e para compreensão empírica da problemática, escolhemos as Universidades Federais de São Carlos e de São Paulo. Como resultado, observamos que as instituições pesquisadas demandam maior flexibilidade na execução dos recursos, preferindo a celebração de contratos ao invés de convê­nios, apesar de conterem uma regulação falha e insuficiente que se diferencia da contraprestação de serviços, permitindo lacunas que podem ensejar prejuízos ao erário e ao interesse público, reforçando a relevância do seu aprimoramento legal.
Da acumulação do magistério com demais cargos públicos da área jurídica
Authors: Friede Reis
Published: August 2018

O presente artigo analisa a questão da acumulação do cargo de professor com os demais cargos públicos da área jurídica, sob as óticas da limitação da jornada de trabalho e da compatibilidade de horários, à luz das divergências doutrinárias e jurisprudenciais a respeito do tema, bem como da correta hermenêutica dos regramentos constitucionais e infraconstitucionais relacionados à matéria.
Os limites de atuação municipal decorrentes da Súmula Vinculante 49
Authors: Barbosa Allan Fuezi
Published: August 2018

O presente estudo demonstra os limites de atuação do município, no âmbito de sua competência constitucional urbanística. Nesse sentido, analisa-se a competência municipal no Direito Urbanístico, como também alguns aspectos do direito de propriedade urbana e sua função social. Por sua vez, observa-se a Súmula Vinculante 49 do STF, por meio da compreensão dos fundamentos jurisprudenciais e dos elementos da Análise Econômica do Direito, para notar a inconstitucionalidade do impedimento à instalação de estabelecimentos comerciais do mesmo ramo em determinada área. Desse modo, conclui-se pela possibilidade de utilização do poder de propulsão pelo município, para a criação de incentivos tributários e financeiros, em contraposição à heterodisciplina direta.
A (im)possibilidade da concessão de auxílio-transporte a servidores públicos federais que utilizam veículo próprio
Authors: Coutinho Willian Silva
Published: August 2018

O auxílio-transporte é um benefício destinado aos empregados e servidores públicos federais para o custeio parcial de suas despesas com transporte coletivo no deslocamento residência/traba-lho/residência. Acerca desse benefício, este artigo examina as questões atinentes à possibilidade de sua concessão aos servidores que utilizam veículo próprio, em vez de meio de transporte dito coletivo. Ape-sar das restrições regulamentares, há entendimento jurisprudencial pela possibilidade da concessão do benefício em casos tais, tendo em vista uma análise fático-jurídica à luz dos princípios da igualdade e razoabilidade. Mediante o confronto entre a jurisprudência firmada e as restrições à concessão do bene-fício e em face do crescente número de demandas judiciais, constata-se a necessidade de reapreciação da matéria pelos Poderes competentes, com vistas a uma resolução salutar.
A adoção do vínculo precário pelo poder público e sua pretensa ilegalidade
Authors: Souza Wedja Carla
Published: August 2018

Pretende-se, por meio de um estudo de caso, analisar a (i)legalidade/(in)constitucionalidade da contratação de temporários ocorrida no prazo de vigência do Concurso Público para o provimento de cargos de professores nível I e II, com edital lançado no ano de 2009 em Caruaru-PE. Mediante uma abordagem qualitativa e valendo-se do método hipotético-dedutivo, realiza-se um estudo de caso analisando-se o comportamento e atuações das partes, dos Magistrados e dos auxiliares da justiça, a fim de verificar legalidade/constitucionalidade da contratação de temporários ocorrida dentro do prazo de vigência do concurso público de 2009 e discutidos por meio de Mandado de Segurança, assim como verifica-se o posicionamento predominante nos Tribunais superiores pátrios (STJ, STF) e as possíveis divergências. Restou-se demonstrado, através do caso e de dados levantados, a prática indiscriminada da administração municipal, à época, em renovar os contratos precários, causando prejuízos aos classificados no concurso, de forma específica, e ao interesse público, de forma geral.
Exploring the Use of Robots for Museum Settings and for Learning Heritage Languages and Cultures at the Chinese Heritage Centre
Authors: Pang Wee-Ching , Wong Choon-Yue , Seet Gerald
Published: August 2018

In this article, the challenges facing museums to offer more ways to provide information for learning have been reviewed. The use of social robotics has been explored within a museum setting, for guiding tours as well as for learning heritage languages and cultures. The article focuses on the design and development of two social robots for a heritage museum. The first robot is a virtual human character mounted on a mobile robotic platform. It has been implemented to serve as a museum guide. The second robot is a humanoid. It is programmed for bilingualism, which injected elements of culture learning and education. The objective was to develop robots as well as robotic and virtual reality applications primarily, and to explore the usability of these technologies in a heritage museum. The implemented robots have been deployed to validate the development work and to evaluate the feasibility of using these robots for cultural education among young children. Finally, we discuss our deployment experiences and offer suggestions for future work to improve the viability of the robots for a more elaborated deployment at public museums.
Description of the nymph of Miroculis (Miroculis) eldorado Gama-Neto & Hamada, 2014 (Leptophlebiidae: Ephemeroptera) from Roraima, northern Brazil
Authors: BOLDRINI RAFAEL , LIMA LUCAS RAMOS COSTA , OTTONI-BOLDRINI BIANCA MAIRA DE PAIVA
Published: August 2018

The genus Miroculis Edmunds, 1963 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) is represented by 23 species: two of them aredescribed based solely on nymphs, 10 based solely on male adults, and three based on nymphs and adults  (Domínguez et al., 2006; Gama-Neto & Hamada, 2013, 2014; Raimundi et al., 2017). Currently, the genus is represented by six species in Roraima State, Brazil, all are described as adults but only one of them has the nymphal stage described (Gama-Neto & Hamada, 2013, 2014; Gama-Neto et al., 2018; Raimundi et al., 2017).
The Relation between Nocturnal MCS Evolution and Its Outflow Boundaries in the Stable Boundary Layer: An Observational Study of the 15 July 2015 MCS in PECAN
Authors: Grasmick Coltin , Geerts Bart , Turner David D. , Wang Zhien , Weckwerth T. M.
Published: August 2018

The vertical structures of a leading outflow boundary ahead of a continental nocturnal MCS and of the upstream environment are examined in order to answer the question of whether this vertical structure affects new cell formation and thus MCS maintenance. The MCS in question, observed on 15 July 2015 as part of the Plains Elevated Convection at Night (PECAN) experiment, formed near sunset as a surface-based, density current–driven system. As the night progressed and a stable boundary layer developed, convection became elevated, multiple fine lines became apparent (indicative of an undular bore), and convection increasingly lagged the outflow boundary. Bore-like boundaries became most apparent where the outflow boundary was oriented more perpendicular to the low-level jet, and the lower troposphere was more susceptible to wave trapping. This case study uses a rich array of radiosonde data, as well as airborne Raman lidar and ground-based interferometer data, to profile the temperature and humidity in the lower troposphere. In all soundings, the lifting of air in the residual mixed layer over a depth corresponding to the Raman lidar observed vertical displacement reduced CIN to near zero and enabled deep convection, even though most unstable CAPE steadily decreased during the evolution of this MCS. Both types of outflow boundaries (density currents and bores) initiated convection that helped maintain the MCS. In the case of density currents, cold pool depth and wind shear determined new cell formation and thus MCS maintenance. For bore-like boundaries, bore transformation and propagation were additional factors that determined whether convection initiated and whether it contributed to the MCS or remained separated.
The Evolution of Federal Regulation of Human Drugs in the United States: An Historical Essay
Authors: Hutt Peter B.
Published: August 2018

Drug development prior to 1800 was based almost completely on observational trial and error. The earliest known exception was a controlled drug trial conducted by James Lind in 1747 on an English ship to show the effectiveness of citrus fruit in the treatment of scurvy. Clinical tests, but not concurrent comparative trials, were conducted by Charles Maitland in 1722 in London to show the effectiveness of variolation in preventing smallpox, and a controlled drug trial was conducted by Edward Jenner in London in 1796 to show the effectiveness of material taken from cowpox sores of young milkmaids (later called smallpox vaccine) in preventing smallpox. In 1775, William Withering learned from an elderly woman herbalist in Shropshire, England about her use of the Foxglove plant (whose active ingredient Withering later determined to be digitalis) in treating heart disease, and in 1785 published the results of his treatment of 158 patients with the drug, but he did not conduct a controlled study.
Clinical Significance of Sarcopenia among Patients with Advanced Oropharyngeal Cancer
Authors: Tamaki Akina , Manzoor Nauman F. , Babajanian Eric , Ascha Mustafa , Rezaee Rod , Zender Chad A.
Published: August 2018

Objectives

We investigated the prevalence and impact of sarcopenia on disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in advanced oropharyngeal cancer.

Study Design

Retrospective study.

Setting

Single‐institution tertiary cancer care center.

Subjects and Methods

We identified patients with advanced oropharyngeal cancer with pretreatment positron emission tomography–computed tomography scans for image analysis. Data were collected on the following variables: age, sex, smoking and alcohol status, stage (TNM and American Joint Committee on Cancer), human papillomavirus (HPV) status, body mass index (BMI), and treatment modality.

Results

Of 113 patients identified with oropharyngeal cancer, 32 had sarcopenia: these patients were older (63.5 vs 57.6 years, P =. 01), were less likely to be male (53.1% vs 76.5%, P =. 03), and had a lower mean BMI (24.5 vs 28.4 kg/m2, P =. 009). Eighty‐five subjects had HPV‐positive disease, and they had a higher BMI (28.2 vs 24.2 kg/m2, P =. 01) than that of patients without HPV. Twenty‐one subjects who were HPV positive had less cancer recurrence (24.7% vs 48.1%, P =. 04) than that of their HPV‐negative counterparts. Log‐rank testing showed no difference in DFS (P =. 06) associated with sarcopenia but a significant difference in OS (P =. 049). There were differences in DFS (P =. 009) and OS (P =. 023) based on HPV status. According to univariable and multivariable models, HPV positivity exhibited improved DFS and OS. Sarcopenia was not statistically significant in survival models; however, it was associated with increased mortality and recurrence.

Conclusion

Sarcopenia is a prognostic factor affecting OS independent of HPV status in advanced oropharyngeal cancer.
Positive bias for European men in peer reviewed applications for faculty position at Karolinska Institutet
Authors: Holst Sarah , Hägg Sara
Published: August 2018

Background: Sweden is viewed as an egalitarian country, still most of the professors are Swedish and only 25% are women. Research competence is evaluated using peer review, which is regarded as an objective measure in the meritocracy system. Here we update the investigation by Wold & Wennerås (1997) on women researcher’s success rate for obtaining a faculty position, by examining factors (gender, nationality, productivity, etc.) in applications for an Assistant Professorship in 2014 at Karolinska Institutet.

Methods: Fifty-six applications, 26 Swedish and 21 women applicants, were scored both on merits and projects by six external reviewers. Additional variables, including grants and academic age, calculated as the number of years since PhD excluding parental or sick leave, were gathered. Productivity was assessed by calculating a composite bibliometric score based on six factors (citations, publications, first/last authorships, H-index, high impact publication).

Results: Overall, academic age was negatively correlated with scores on merits, as assessed by peer review, although not reaching statistical significance. In men, associations between scores on merits and productivity (P-value=0.0004), as well as having received grants (P-value=0.009) were seen. No associations were found for women. Moreover, applicants with a background from the Middle East were un-proportionally found in the lowest quartile (Fisher exact test P-value=0.007).

Conclusions: In summary, the gender inequality shown in peer review processes in Sweden 20 years ago still exists. Furthermore, a bias for ethnicity was found. In order to keep the best scientific competence in academia, more efforts are needed to avoid selection bias in assessments to enable equal evaluations of all researchers.
Is city of residence a factor differentiating sitting time in adolescents?
Authors: Pizano Roberval , Ravagnani Christianne de Faria Coelho , Weaver Robert , Vitalle Maria Sylvia
Published: August 2018

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine the association between city of residence and other factors related to sitting time in adolescents. Students (n = 1,089), between 14 and 18 years, completed self-reported questionnaires to collect data about sitting time, general fitness, physical education and sport participation, socio-economic stratum and householder ́s education in Botucatu (SP), Cáceres (MT) and São Paulo (SP). The choice of municipalities occurred for convenience and the selection of schools and students was performed randomly. Multi-level mixed linear regression models were used to estimate the relationship between the independent variables and sitting time (min.day-1) during weekdays and weekend days. Hierarchal models were estimated to account for the nested nature of student within schools. Regarding cities of residence, there was no association with sitting time on both weekday (São Paulo, β = 36.87, CI: 25.6; 233.62 and Cáceres, β = 66.94, CI: 22.1; 156.01) and weekend (São Paulo, β = 104.01, CI: 64.5;138.20 and Cáceres, β = 90.23, CI: 33.2; 213.64), when compared to Botucatu. Socio economic indicators were related to sitting time in different ways considering week or weekend. Students with higher householder education degrees had more sitting time on weekdays. On weekend students in higher levels of socioeconomic stratum presented less sitting time. Adolescents with very good perception of general fitness had -65.29 minutes of sitting time on weekday and -70.1 minutes of sitting time on weekend. In the present study, city of residence was not related to sitting time in adolescents. However, other factors such as gender, socioeconomic stratum and educational status, participation in sports and physical education and perceptions of fitness were related to students sitting time.
Big-Data-Kriege: Über Tötungslisten, Drohnen und die Politik der Datenbanken
Authors: Weber Jutta
Published: August 2018

Seit 9/11 ist die Anzahl der US-amerikanischen Tötungs- und Überwachungslisten konstant angestiegen und sie spielen eine immer größere Bedeutung in der Politik der gezielten Tötung. Dieser Artikel untersucht die materielle Logik und epistemologische Dimension der »Disposition Matrix«, der wichtigsten Datenbank unterschiedlicher Tötungslisten im US-amerikanischen »War on Terror«. Wie aber sind soziotechnische Artefakte wie Datenbanken und Algorithmen mit menschlichen Entscheidungsprozessen bei der Produktion von Tötungszielen verflochten? Im Folgenden werde ich die kulturelle Logik dieser datenzentrierten Kriegsführung analysieren, um die nicht-humanen soziopolitischen Akteure sichtbar zu machen, die im Kontext einer post-Newtonischen Technorationalität der Rekombination und (Ko-)Relation entstehen, die das Unberechenbare als Ressource nutzen und die präventive Kultur von Technosicherheit (weiter) befeuern.
Smartphones als digitale Nahkörpertechnologien
Authors: Kaerlein Timo
Published: August 2018

Menschen, die auf Displays starren. - Das Smartphone ist binnen kürzester Zeit zu einem unentbehrlichen Medium des Selbst- und Weltbezugs für viele Menschen geworden. Alltägliche Szenen des nicht-bewussten, weitgehend habitualisierten Gebrauchs künden hiervon. Timo Kaerlein unternimmt die Beschreibung, Historisierung und Kritik dieses Komplexes nahkörperlicher Computernutzung, der seit ca. Mitte der 2000er Jahre mit der ubiquitären Verbreitung des Smartphones aufkam. Die medienanthropologische Perspektive beleuchtet neue Aspekte des vermeintlich vertrauten Objekts - darunter etwa die häufig der Sichtbarkeit entzogenen Kontrollinfrastrukturen dieser personalisierten Überwachungstechnologie.
Zur Rolle online-medialer Inhalte für die Skateboardkultur
Authors: Bock Katharina
Published: August 2018

Katharina Bock widmet sich im Rahmen ihres Beitrags der Rolle online-medialer Inhalte für die Skateboardkultur und geht der Frage nach, welche besonderen Leistungen digitale Medienformate (E-Zines, Videoportale, Websites, Skatevideos, Tutorials) für die Szene erbringen können. Die Analyse kommt dabei zu dem Ergebnis, dass von der Szene (mit-)gestaltete Online-Medien ein wichtiges Element der Bedeutungswelt von Skateboarderinnen bzw. Skateboardern sind und unter anderem szenetypische Wissensbestände verfügbar halten.
Armut als Unrecht
Authors: Schildbach Ina
Published: August 2018

Seit den Anfängen der bürgerlichen Gesellschaft gibt es »künstlich produzierte Armut« (Marx) - künstlich, weil sie, wie Hegel analysiert hat, nicht auf natürlichem Mangel beruht, sondern ihre Notwendigkeit im Recht auf Eigentum liegt. Auch wusste der Philosoph: Ohne materielle Mittel gibt es keine Selbstverwirklichung. Die von Hegel theoretisch vorweggenommenen Konsequenzen wie der Zusammenhang mit geringerer Bildung, kürzerer Lebenserwartung und politischer Apathie sind heutzutage empirisch belegt. Ina Schildbach liest Hegel neu und stellt fest: Erkenntnisbringend sind nicht nur seine Einsichten zu Ursachen und Konsequenzen der Armut - auch die staatsfunktionale Perspektive auf Armut als Problem der Obrigkeit offenbart frappierende Ähnlichkeit zum heutigen Diskurs.
Der Instagram-Effekt
Authors: Gunkel Katja
Published: August 2018

Ikonische Kommunikation ist Conditio sine qua non zeitgenössischer Social-Media-Anwendungen. Speziell die mobile Mediensoftware Instagram kann als eines der global bedeutendsten kulturellen Produktionsmittel der Gegenwart gelten. Ihre medienstrukturelle Konzeption - insbesondere die implementierten Grafik-Presets zur unmittelbaren One-Click-Bildbearbeitung - hat innerhalb weniger Jahre nicht nur den alltäglichen Umgang mit Bildern, sondern die Vorstellung von Bildlichkeit insgesamt fundamental verändert. Ausgehend von der Positionsbestimmung von Software als inmaterielle Praxis, die mittels der ästhetisch erfahrbaren Bildform des Medieninterfaces zur Aufführung gelangt, fokussiert Katja Gunkel anhand ausgewählter Fallbeispiele softwaregestützte Ästhetisierungsprozesse des mobilen digitalen Bilds und deren Einfluss auf die zeitgenössische visuelle Kultur.
Noncontact Method of Conducting Elements “Writing” on Insulating Ge–Sb–Te Matrix Using a Laser Beam
Authors: Khodorov S. , Karpovski M. , Feldman I. , Shelukhin V.
Published: August 2018

Direct writing of low resistance wires on an amorphous Ge-Sb-Te matrix is reported. A 1342 nm continuous wave laser was used for local heating of the sample to form these wires. Mechanical contact was not needed for making the conducting elements. The properties of the samples were investigated down to 1.4 K and the laser conditions required for the writing of low resistance GST wires were found. The results are discussed with a view to possible applications, such as connectors and electrical wires made only via remote light exposure of the samples to make different resistors and non-linear elements
Study on a Quasi-Two-Dimensional Fan Model for Variant Bypass-Ratio Condition
Authors: Fu Dawei , Wang Yong , Zhang Haibo , Zheng Qiangang
Published: August 2018

In order to describe how the variant BPR affects the flow performance, a qusi-2D fan model was proposed. In the model, the stage cumulative method was applied to compute axial flow and the simplified radial equilibrium equation was applied to compute radial flow, then a dual-level iteration program was proposed for the nominal performance calculation. To compute the non-nominal flow characteristics on non-nominal BPR, a triple-level iteration program with the compensation factor was proposed to obtain the radial profiles. On that basis, Blade angles were designed for this model on the design point. With the inflow deflection factor designed as 0.8 and the loss factor along blade as 0.95, the pressure ratio error is only 0.21 % and the isentropic efficiency error is 0.06 %. Simulation showed that the variant-BPR profiles and the overall characteristics of flow at fan exit or for bypass & core ducts could be well computed with much less time-consuming.
Kulturelle und ökonomische Bedrohung. Eine Analyse der Ursachen der Parteiidentifikation mit der „Alternative für Deutschland“ mit dem Sozio-oekonomischen Panel 2016
Authors: Lengfeld Holger , Dilger Clara
Published: August 2018

Wir diskutieren und testen zwei Thesen zur Identifikation mit der AfD, in denen die Einstellung zu Flüchtlingen in Deutschland eine zentrale Rolle einnimmt. Nach der Modernisierungsverliererthese lehnen Personen mit niedrigem sozialen Status die Fluchtzuwanderung als Konkurrenzanstieg um Arbeitsplätze und Sozialleistungen ab. Die These der kulturellen Bedrohung besagt, dass eine neue Spaltungslinie zwischen Kosmopoliten und Kommunitaristen entstanden ist, wobei letztere u. a. die Flüchtlingszuwanderung als Gefahr für die kulturelle Homogenität der Gesellschaft ablehnen. Anhand des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels 2016 finden wir regressionsanalytisch einen starken direkten Effekt der Ablehnung von Flüchtlingszuwanderung auf die Wahrscheinlichkeit, sich mit der AfD zu identifizieren. Zudem zeigt sich ein schwächerer, über die Einstellung zur Flüchtlingszuwanderung vermittelter Statuseffekt. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass die These der kulturellen Bedrohung größere Evidenz beansprucht.