bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Orchestrating a community-developed computational workshop and accompanying training materials
Authors: Davis Sean , Ramos Marcel , Shepherd Lori , Turaga Nitesh , Geistlinger Ludwig , Morgan Martin T. , Haibe-Kains Benjamin , Waldron Levi
Published: October 2018

The importance of bioinformatics, computational biology, and data science in biomedical research continues to grow, driving a need for effective instruction and education. A workshop setting, with lectures and guided hands-on tutorials, is a common approach to teaching practical computational and analytical methods. Here, we detail the process we used to produce high-quality, community-authored educational materials that are available for public consumption and reuse. The coordinated efforts of 17 authors over 10 weeks resulted in 15 workshops available as a website and as a 388-page electronic book. We describe how we utilized cloud infrastructure, GitHub, and a literate programming approach to robustly deliver hands-on tutorials to participants of the annual Bioconductor conference. The scripts, raw and published workshop materials, and cloud machine image are all openly available. Our approach uses free services and software and can be adapted by workshop organizers and authors in other contests with appropriate technical backgrounds.
Dendritic cell-expressed common gamma-chain recruits IL-15 for trans-presentation at the murine immunological synapse
Authors: Beilin Chiara , Choudhuri Kaushik , Bouma Gerben , Malinova Dessislava , Llodra Jaime , Stokes David L. , Shimaoka Motumu , Springer Timothy A. , Dustin Michael L. , Thrasher Adrian J. , Burns Siobhan O.
Published: October 2018

Background:Mutations of the common cytokine receptor gamma chain (γc) cause Severe Combined Immunodeficiency characterized by absent T and NK cell development. Although stem cell therapy restores these lineages, residual immune defects are observed that may result from selective persistence of γc-deficiency in myeloid lineages. However, little is known about the contribution of myeloid-expressed γc to protective immune responses.  Here we examine the importance of γc for myeloid dendritic cell (DC) function.

Methods:We utilize a combination ofin vitroDC/T-cell co-culture assays and a novel lipid bilayer system mimicking the T cell surface to delineate the role of DC-expressed γc during DC/T-cell interaction.

Results:We observed that γc in DC was recruited to the contact interface following MHCII ligation, and promoted IL-15Rα colocalization with engaged MHCII. Unexpectedly, trans-presentation of IL-15 was required for optimal CD4+T cell activation by DC and depended on DC γc expression. Neither recruitment of IL-15Rα nor IL-15 trans-signaling at the DC immune synapse (IS), required γc signaling in DC, suggesting that γc facilitates IL-15 transpresentation through induced intermolecularcisassociations or cytoskeletal reorganization following MHCII ligation.

Conclusions:These findings show that DC-expressed γc is required for effective antigen-induced CD4+ T cell activation. We reveal a novel mechanism for recruitment of DC IL-15/IL-15Rα complexes to the IS, leading to CD4+ T cell costimulation through localized IL-15 transpresentation that is coordinated with antigen-recognition.
Probing Plasmodium falciparum sexual commitment at the single-cell level
Authors: Brancucci Nicolas M.B. , De Niz Mariana , Straub Timothy J. , Ravel Deepali , Sollelis Lauriane , Birren Bruce W. , Voss Till S. , Neafsey Daniel E. , Marti Matthias
Published: October 2018

Background: Malaria parasites go through major transitions during their complex life cycle, yet the underlying differentiation pathways remain obscure. Here we apply single cell transcriptomics to unravel the program inducing sexual differentiation in Plasmodium falciparum. Parasites have to make this essential life-cycle decision in preparation for human-to-mosquito transmission.

Methods: By combining transcriptional profiling with quantitative imaging and genetics, we defined a transcriptional signature in sexually committed cells.

Results: We found this transcriptional signature to be distinct from general changes in parasite metabolism that can be observed in response to commitment-inducing conditions.

Conclusions: This proof-of-concept study provides a template to capture transcriptional diversity in parasite populations containing complex mixtures of different life-cycle stages and developmental programs, with important implications for our understanding of parasite biology and the ongoing malaria elimination campaign.
Built environment and physical activity for the elderly: a systematic review of South Ame
Authors: De Paiva Hermes Koller , Camargo Édina Maria de , Reis Rodrigo Siqueira
Published: October 2018

A systematic review was conducted to evaluate studies on the association between the characteristics of a built environment and levels of physical activity (LPA) of elderly people in South America. The searches were conducted on the Bireme, SciElo, Web Of Science and Scopus databases in 2017. Empirical quantitative studies published in Portuguese, English and Spanish, starting in 1990, were included to provide information on the relationship between a built environment and physical activity (PA) for older adults in South America. After the exclusion of repeated titles, 9,592 studies were found, only nine of which were selected, all with a cross-sectional design and samples composed of both sexes, and 77.8% carried out in Brazil. Most of the studies (66.7%) used the abbreviated version of the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale (NEWS-A Brazil) to evaluate the built environment and 88.9% used the International Physical Activity Questionnaire to evaluate LPA. Total walking distance (leisure and active transport) was investigated in 22.2% of the studies, leisure PA in 55.5% and displacement PA in 44.4%. The presence of PA facilities and services was associated with LPA, as well as connectivity, street incline and perceived safety. It was concluded that the installation of PA facilities, as well as improved safety, can increase the LPA of the elderly. In addition, satellite image information and audits should be considered when evaluating the built environment.
A RELIGIOSIDADE COMO ALTERNATIVA TERAPÊUTICA: UMA DISCUSSÃO DE GÊNERO SOBRE O SOFRIMENTO MASCULINO NA BUSCA PELA CURA
Authors: Santos Couto Pablo Luiz , Boa Sorte Elionara Teixeira , Coelho Gomes da Silva Sandra Célia
Published: October 2018

Resumo: O fenômeno religioso tem sido objeto de estudo socioantropológico, sendo articulado com as teorias de gênero e da sexualidade, para explicar as construções sociais fomentadas pela religião. Os objetivos principais deste artigo foram refletir sobre o sofrimento do homem, na busca pelo milagre de cura e (re)discutir o papel e o comportamento masculino, socialmente construídos, a serem desempenhados na religião. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa. As técnicas de coleta de dados utilizadas foram:  observação participante e a entrevista semiestruturada. O universo de pesquisa foi uma Igreja Evangélica e os participantes foram 23 homens, membros da igreja, que afirmaram ter obtido a cura milagrosa. Fica posto que, em meio às relações de poder estabelecidas na igreja e no lar entre homens e mulheres, os homens mostram o seu lado sensível ao se voltar para o sobrenatural na obtenção da cura milagrosa, desconstruindo parte do que é defendido socialmente como sentimento masculino. Palavras-chaves: Antropologia. Religião. Religiosidade. Gênero.Abstract: The religious phenomenon has been the subject of socio-anthropological study, combined with the theories of gender and sexuality to explain social constructions fostered by religion. The main objectives of this paper were to reflect on human suffering in the search for the miracle of healing and discuss the role and male behavior socially constructed to play in religion. This is a descriptive study and socio-anthropological, with a qualitative approach. The data collection techniques used were participant observation and semi-structured interview. The universe of research was an evangelical church and participants were 23 men, church members, who claimed to have obtained the miracle cure. It is given that, amid the power relations established in the church and in the home for men and women, men show their sensitive side to turn to the supernatural in obtaining the miracle cure, deconstructing part of what is socially defended as male feeling.Keywords: Anthropology. Religion. Religiosity. Gender.
Common rashes in children
Authors: Perry Margaret
Published: October 2018

Rashes in babies and young children are distressing and a concern for parents and close family members. It can sometimes be difficult to determine the cause when many are similar in appearance and symptoms. This article therefore hopes to help nurse prescribers with recognition and management of some of the more common rashes, which they may see in their clinics.
‘Awesome animation’
Authors: Mckeown Sal
Published: October 2018

Zu3D is an easy-to-use animation program designed for children as young as four. Sal Mckeown spoke to a reception teacher to find out how children are exploring it and making films independently.
Off to a flying start
Authors: Chapman Ailsa
Published: October 2018

Ailsa Chapman reflects on a satisfying first term which has seen all her children begin to settle in.
A day with Elmer
Authors: Harries Judith
Published: October 2018

Judith Harries suggests organising a special ‘Elmer's Day’ to celebrate the importance of making friends and settling differences. Try her ideas for drama games which will help to develop social awareness.
What to wish for
Authors: Hewson Claire
Published: October 2018

Claire Hewson focuses on traditional and contemporary tales which involve making a wish. She suggests ways to help children express ideas about their own ambitions, hopes and dreams.
Tree standing dynamics after 30 years in a secondary forest of Bali, Indonesia
Authors: SIREGAR MUSTAID , UNDAHARTA NI KADEK EROSI
Published: October 2018

Siregar M, Undaharta NKE. 2018. Tree standing dynamics after 30 years in a secondary forest of Bali, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 22-30. Tree standing dynamics in 0.5 ha plot after 30 years in Bukit Tapak secondary forests, Batukahu Nature Reserve, Province 0f Bali was studied by using plot method. The results showed that the tree species richness is same, 33 species, but there are six species disappear and be replaced by another species as a newcomer. Eight species persist as major species based on the importance value, namely: Homalanthus giganteus, Vernonia arborea, Dendrocnide stimulans, Meliosma angustifolia, Saurauia reinwardtiana, Trema orientalis, Macaranga triloba and Polyosma integrifolia. Tree density decreased 19.7%, but the total basal area increased 12.2% with an average basal area per tree were also increased by 39.7%. Shannon diversity index (H`) and Equitability index (E) was increased in 2016. Forests in the plot categorized as old secondary forest are still in the process of maturation toward the primary forest. Species predicted would disappear with a succession of increasingly advanced process is Trema orientalis, while the predicted to survive for much longer are Homalanthus giganteus, Acronichia trifoliolata, Meliosma angustifolia, Polyosma integrifolia, Saurauia reinwardtiana and Dendrocnide stimulans.
Short Communication: Abundance and diversity of plant parasitic nematodes associated with BP 308 and BP 42 clones of robusta coffee in Java, Indonesia
Authors: MUTALAâ€™LIAH MUTALAâ€™LIAH , INDARTI SIWI , PUTRA NUGROHO SUSETYA
Published: October 2018

Mutala’liah, Indarti S, Putra NS. 2018. Abundance and diversity of plant parasitic nematodes associated with BP 308 and BP 42 clones of robusta coffee in Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: xxxx. Plant parasitic nematodes are an important limiting factor in the productivity of coffee plantations. Clone resistance and soil texture influence the severity of plant infestation by parasitic nematodes. The aim of this research was to determine the diversity of plant parasitic nematodes in two clone of Robusta coffee (BP 308 and BP 42) on soils with different contents of sand. The research was carried out in Malangsari Field (East Java), Getas Field (Central Java) and Candiroto Field (Central Java). Nematodes were extracted from soil samples by the decanting method using a whitehead tray, while roots sample by the funnel spray method with a ‘mistifier’. Differences in diversity of nematode genera between clone and location combinations were analyzed by ANOVA. The results showed that there were five genera associated with Robusta coffee, i.e. Pratylenchus, Helicotylenchus, Radopholus, Rotylenchulus, and Meloidogyne. With clone BP 308 at the Malangsari Field site where soil contained 31.3 % sand, Pratylenchus was the most abundant genus i.e. 6 nematodes/100 mL soil. On the same clone, BP 308, at the Getas Field site where soil contained 26.9 % sand, Meloidogyne was the most abundant i.e. 14.4 nematodes/10 g roots. With clone BP 42 at the Candiroto Field site with 25.5 % sand in the soil, Pratylenchus was highly abundant i.e. 60 nematodes/10 g roots.
Local knowledge of utilization and management of sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) among Cipanggulaan People of Karyamukti, Cianjur (West Java, Indonesia)
Authors: GUNAWAN RIMBO , RAMADHAN UGA GEMA , ISKANDAR JOHAN , PARTASASMITA RUHYAT
Published: October 2018

Gunawan R, Ramadhan UG, Iskandar J, Partasasmita R. 2017. Local knowledge of utilization and management of sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) among Cipanggulaan People of Karyamukti, Cianjur (West Java, Indonesia). Biodiversitas 19: 93-105. Sugar palm, locally known as kawung or aren, (Arenga pinnata (Wurmb.) Merr.) has long been known for its various ecological, economic, and socio-cultural uses among rural people of West Java. Rural people have utilized and managed kawung based on their local knowledge. Nowadays, however, the abundance of kawung trees has been decreasing in many areas, for example, through reduction in planting and destruction. The decreasing experience in managing kawung trees among local people has eroded their local knowledge, and therefore documenting this knowledge is important before it disappears entirely. This paper (i) reports local knowledge of the Cipanggulaan people of Cianjur, West Java on landraces of sugar palm; (ii) identifies various uses of sugar palm by those people, and (iii) describes traditional management systems for the sugar palm conducted by those people. This study adopted qualitative methods developed in ethnobotany based on participant observation and in-depth interviews. Research findings identified two local landraces and at least 10 different plant parts used in various ways. Particular attention was paid to the making of palm sugar in various ways. Conservation of the sugar palm has traditionally been conducted by selective harvesting of the sugar palm fruit and allowing some palms to regenerate naturally.
Jellyfish Lakes at Misool Islands, Raja Ampat, West Papua, Indonesia
Authors: PURBA GANDI Y.S , HARYONO EKO , SUNARTO SUNARTO , MANAN JEMMY , RUMENTA LUKAS , PURWANTO PURWANTO , BECKING LEONTINE E.
Published: October 2018

Purba GYS, Haryono E, Sunarto, Manan J, Rumenta L, Purwanto, Becking LE. 2018. Jellyfish Lakes at Misool Islands, Raja Ampat, West Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 172-182. Misool Islands, located in southern Raja Ampat in West Papua, has dozens of anchihaline lakes (marine lakes). Three of these lakes, Lenmakana, Karawapop, and Keramat, house populations of jellyfish. This study mapped and described the characteristics of the three ‘jellyfish lakes’ during field surveys in October 2015 and May 2016. The lakes ranged in area from 0.5−3.2 hectares. All three lakes harbored Mastigias papua, Lenmakana and Keramat lakes also harbored Aurelia sp., and Keramat had a third jellyfish species Cassiopea ornata. However, at Karawapop the jellyfish were not found on the water surface during the first round of field work because of effects associated with the El Niño phenomenon at that time. As a result of the El Niño effect, at Keramat, brown Mastigias became white in May 2016. The three lakes have different tidal delays (30−120 min) and dampened tidal amplitude (62%) compared to the sea. The benthos was found to be dominated by bivalves (Brachidontes sp.), algae (Cladophora sp., or Halimeda sp.) and sponges (predominantly Haliclona spp. and Tethya spp.). In addition, species of the family Synaptidae (Holothuroidea) were abundant and spread over almost all the bottom of Karawapop Lake, while tube-worms of the Polychaeta class were identified in Keramat Lake. Although these lakes are identified as a conservation area, currently there is no management activity in Lenmakana and Karawapop Lakes, despite the fact that the lakes are growing in popularity as a tourist site. Our paper provides the baseline data for future conservation efforts.
Rehabilitation and soil conservation of degraded land using sengon (Falcataria moluccana) and peanut (Arachis hypogaea) agroforestry system
Authors: SARMINAH SRI , KARYATI KARYATI , KARMINI KARMINI , SIMBOLON JHONATAN , TAMBUNAN ERIKSON
Published: October 2018

Sarminah S, Karyati, Karmini, Simbolon J, Tambunan E. 2018. Rehabilitation and soil conservation of degraded land using sengon (Falcataria moluccana) and peanut (Arachis hypogaea) agroforestry system. Biodiversitas 19: 222-228. Rehabilitation and soil conservation effort on degraded lands is not always a success. Multiple factors, such as the field’ biogeophysical conditions and the choice of suitable plant species determine the effectivity of the rehabilitation program. Our research aimed to implement agroforestry system of sengon (Falcataria moluccana) and peanut (Arachis hypogaea) on degraded land at different soil slopes (a steep and a slightly steep slope gradient) and to analyze the effect of the system on silvicultural and hydro-orological aspects of the degraded land. The silvicultural parameters examined in this study were the ground coverage of peanut growth and the stem diameter and height of sengon trees. Meanwhile, the hydro-orological parameters included potential erosion rate, erosion hazard index, and erosion hazard level. Our study revealed that on the land with the slightly steep slope (15-25%), the survival rate of sengon reached 90%, the ground coverage of the peanuts was 70-80%, the diameter and height increment of sengon trees reached 2.47 cm/year and 17.58 cm/year, respectively. Meanwhile, the potential erosion rate was 20.05 ton/ha/year, with an erosion hazard index of 0.80 (low) and a low hazard level. In the steeper ground (25-40%), the survival rate of sengon reached 90%, the peanut coverage was 50-60% and the diameter and height increment of the sengon were 2.37 cm/year and 16.41 cm/year, respectively. In the steep ground, potential erosion rate was 45.50 ton/ha/year, with an erosion hazard index of 3.25 (moderate) and a low hazard level. We concluded that the rehabilitation and soil conservation using sengon-peanut agroforestry system effectively suppressed erosion rate to a low erosion hazard.
Population dynamics of Arthroschista hilaralis pest and its parasitoid diversity in various jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba) cropping patterns in South Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: UTAMI SRI , TRIWIDODO HERMANU , PUDJIANTO PUDJIANTO , RAUF AUNU , HANEDA NOOR FARIKHAH
Published: October 2018

Utami S, Triwidodo H, Pudjianto, Rauf A, Haneda NF. 2018. Population dynamics of Arthroschista hilaralis pest and its parasitoid diversity in various jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba) cropping patterns in South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 239-245. Jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba), a native tree species in Indonesia exhibit natural distribution, spreading over an enormous area in this region. In South Sumatra, jabon has long been cultivated in both communities and industrial plantation forests.  Arthroschista hilaralis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is the most damaging insect pest of jabon in South Sumatra. This study analyzed the population dynamics of A. hilaralis in jabon monoculture and two agroforestry systems, and assessed the diversity of the pest parasitoids and their parasitism level on A. hilaralis. Our results showed that planting systems, climatic factors, and the presence of parasitoids could significantly affect the population dynamics of A. hilaralis; its mean population density was highest in monocultures plantation during the rainy season compared with population densities in agroforestry systems. Three parasitoids species attacking A. hilaralis were found in these agroforestry systems, including Phanerotoma sp.,  Apanteles sp. and Brachymeria sp., while only one species (Apanteles sp.) was found in a monoculture. The rate of parasitization of  A. hilaralis within agroforestry systems was higher than in monocultures, and the level of larval parasitization by Apanteles sp. in the agroforestry system was higher in instar 1 than in other larval stages.
Diversity of mangrove vegetation and carbon sink estimation of Segara Anakan Mangrove Forest, Cilacap, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: WIDYASTUTI ANI , YANI EDY , NASUTION ERY KOLYA , ROCHMATINO ROCHMATINO
Published: October 2018

Widyastuti A, Yani E, Nasution EK, Rochmatino. 2018. Diversity of mangrove vegetation and carbon sink estimation of Segara Anakan Mangrove Forest, Cilacap, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 246-252. Mangrove forests are known as standing stores of sequestered atmospheric carbon. The role of mangrove forests in the sequestering substantial amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and storing the carbon in its biomass has been recently underscored. This research aimed to estimate vegetation diversity and carbon sink potential of Segara Anakan Mangrove Forest Cilacap, Central Java from August-December 2012. Vegetations sampling was done by square plots technique. Diversity index was utilized to determine species diversity. Allometric equations were used to estimate biomass and carbon sinks. This study only calculates aboveground biomass and carbon sinks. The research results showed that mangrove in Segara Anakan was composed of 24 species with 19 families, consisting of 16 species of trees, 14 species of saplings and 16 species of herbs. The most dominant tree was Avicennia marina with importance value of 43.62% in Kembang Kuning, 60.27% in Ujung Alang and 25.6% in Klaces. The most dominant of sapling was Avicennia marina, with an important value of 31.1%. The total biomass of a tree is about 43.06 kg/tree or 0.13 ton/ha. Total biomass of sapling was 27.38 kg/tree or 0.32 ton/ha. The carbon sink of the tree was 49.10 ton/ha and carbon sink of sapling was 79.39 ton/ha. It can be concluded that Segara Anakan Mangrove forest is very important as a carbon sink in South part of Central Java, Indonesia.
Rapid assessment method for population estimation of softshell turtle (Amyda cartilaginea Boddaert, 1770) and reticulated python (Python reticulatus Schneider, 1801)
Authors: TAKANDJANDJI MARIANA , GUNAWAN HENDRA , SIHOMBING VIVIN SILVALIANDRA
Published: October 2018

Takandjandji M, Gunawan H, Sihombing VS. 2018. Rapid assessment method for population estimation of softshell turtle (Amyda cartilaginea Boddaert, 1770) and reticulated python (Python reticulatus Schneider, 1801). Biodiversitas 19: 265-271. The decreasing number of soft-shell turtle and reticulated python in the wild is due to high demand of the animal in local as well as international market. The condition made the Indonesian government set particular collecting and trading quota for the reptiles, but unfortunately, it does not automatically guarantee their preservation. Current collecting practices will lead to population decline and even extinction of the species since the reptiles’ population in the wild has not yet been accurately determined. The purpose of the research was to determine a rapid method of population estimation to establish a baseline for determining collecting quota for the reptiles, especially of softshell turtles and reticulated pythons. The study was conducted in East Kalimantan using the method of deep interviews of 20 respondents (exporters, fishers, traders, collectors) and 15 key respondents (government officials). The results of this survey showed that the collect reptiles were collected from the wild, since up to now, there has been no successful breeding program of reptiles. The collected reptiles were dominated by female adult softshell turtles collected from Kotabangun area which has collecting quota of 1,080/year (1/3 of the exporting quota for East Kalimantan). Softshell turtles collected from Kotabangun have bigger in stature than those found in West Java and Jakarta, and the reticulated pythons collected from Kotabangun are longer than those found in West Java and Jakarta. The number of reticulated pythons collected from Kotabangun reaches 4,800 individuals/year (1/4 of the quota set for East Kalimantan export).
Bioconcentration of heavy metals in aquatic macrophytes of South Urals region lakes
Authors: KRUPNOVA TATYANA G. , MASHKOVA IRINA V. , KOSTRYUKOVA ANASTASIYA M. , EGOROV NIKITA O. , GAVRILKINA SVETLANA V.
Published: October 2018

Krupnova TG, Mashkova IV, Kostryukova AM, Egorov NO, Gavrilkina SV. 2018. Bioconcentration of heavy metals in aquatic macrophytes of South Urals region lakes. Biodiversitas 19: 296-302. This paper studies bioconcentration of heavy metals in macrophytes. High concentration of heavy metal compounds in the lakes of South Ural is natural. Moreover, some of the South Ural lakes are polluted by heavy metals that get into the water together with partly treated sewage of ferrous and non-ferrous industries as well as mining. The paper analyzes similarities and differences of macrophyte communities in six lakes: Bolshoye Miassovo, Bolshoy Ishkul, Bolshoy Tatkul, Argayash, Savelkul, Baraus. In our research, we determined species diversity for each lake. Potamogeton lucens L. and Lemna minor L. were found in all the studied lakes, and the concentrations of heavy metals were studied in their leaves. Such metals as Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn were found in macrophytes. We obtained a metal ratio Mn <Fe<Cu<Zn in plant leaves. High accumulation of Fe, Cu, Zn was observed in Lemna while Mn accumulates equally. Metals bioconcentration factors (BCFs) were calculated
Birds observed during the monitoring period of 2013-2017 in the revegetation area of ex-coal mining sites in South Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: SOENDJOTO MOCHAMAD ARIEF , RIEFANI MAULANA KHALID , TRIWIBOWO DIDIK , METASARI DEWI
Published: October 2018

Soendjoto MA, Riefani MK, Triwibowo D, Metasari D. 2018. Birds observed during the monitoring period of 2013-2017 in the revegetation area of ex-coal mining sites in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 323-329. The number of bird species in the reclaimed and revegetated ex-mine site increases as the vegetation age increases. To test the hypotheses, the number of bird species was recorded at 08.00-12.00 and 14.00-17.00, 6-8 days for eight consecutive semiannual monitorings of 2013-2017 in four revegetation sites. Since the second half of 2015, another revegetation site, namely BP was added. Bird species were recorded in 25 m right side and 25 m left side of the observation path and within a radius of 25 m of observation points. To show an increase in the number of bird species, the number of newly discovered bird species in the given semiannual monitoring was added to the number of bird species in the previous semiannual monitoring. The number of bird species in the early semiannual monitoring was used as the baseline value. A bird species was categorized as a resident if the species was observed in each monitoring in the four vegetated sites. Up to the last monitoring, 53 bird species were recorded in the first four sites and 70 bird species in five sites (four reclamation and revegetation sites and one additional site, BP), while in the early semiannual monitoring (second half of 2013) birds recorded were only 30 species. This result shows that the older the vegetation age in the vegetated site, the greater the number of bird species utilizing the site. Seventeen species of birds were categorized as residents. These resident bird species includes White-breasted Woodswallow, Pied Triller, Scaly-breasted Munia, Asian House-martin, Pacific Swallow, Long-tailed Shrike, Blue-throated Bee-eater, Olive-backed Sunbird, Sooty-headed Bulbul, Yellow-vented Bulbul, White-breasted Waterhen, Ashy Tailorbird, Yellow-bellied Prinia.
The Cavity-Nesting Bee Guild (Apoidea) in a Neotropical Sandy Coastal Plain
Authors: Rebouças Patricia Oliveira , Aguiar Cândida , Ferreira Vinina , Sodré Geni , Carvalho Carlos , Gimenes Miriam
Published: October 2018

Some solitary bees establish their nests in preexisting cavities. Such nesting behavior facilitates the investigation of their life history, as well as the monitoring of their populations in natural, semi-natural and cropped habitats. This study aimed to evaluate the acceptance of artificial substrates by cavity-nesting bees in a heterogeneous landscape. We investigated the percentage of occupation of the different trap-nests, the monthly fluctuations in the nesting activity, offspring sex ratio, mortality and parasitism, in two phytophysiognomies: herbaceous-shrub restinga (site 1) and arboreal restinga (site 2). We used as trap-nests, bamboo canes, large and small straws of cardboard inserted into solid wooden blocks. Five bee species established 193 nests, from which 386 adults emerged. Centris tarsata Smith was the most abundant species. Large straws were signifi cantly more occupied than small straws (χ² = 19.951; df = 1; p < 0.0001). Offspring mortality rate for unknown reasons was signifi cant diff erent between sites, 11% (site 1) and 20% (site 2) (χ² = 4.203; df = 1; p = 0.04). The cavity-nesting bee guild had similar composition in both phytophysiognomies, there was a similar rate of occupation of trap-nests in both sites, as well as dominance of C. tarsata nests. Offspring mortality and parasites attack rates seem to be the more distinctive aspects between the herbaceous shrub and arboreal restinga sampled. Our study indicated that remnant fragments of coastal native habitats may be important nesting sites for the maintenance of bee populations, some of which have been indicated as candidates for management as pollinators of cultivated plants in Brazil.
Relationship Between Hydrocarbon Composition on the Cuticle of Melipona quadrifasciata (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Workers and the Secretion of the Cephalic Salivary Glands
Authors: Poiani Silvana B. , Morgan E. D. , Drijfhout Falko P , Cruz-Landim Carminda
Published: October 2018

Since chemical communication is pivotal for social insect success, the present paper aimed to quantify and qualify the chemical compounds that might have pheromonal role in both cephalic salivary gland and epicuticle of workers of Melipona quadrifasciata Lepeletier using gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC/MS). The results indicated that the hydrocarbons were the main compounds in both cephalic salivary gland and epicuticle, followed by esters. Positive Mantel correspondence analysis suggests that the glands could contribute to replenishment of surface compounds as an auxiliary source. Discriminant analysis also pointed out that gland and epicuticle chemical profi les were phase-related.
Floral Traits and Foraging Behavior of the Bee Assemblage Visiting Martynia annua L. (Martyniaceae) in Coastal Jalisco, Mexico
Authors: Cárdenas-Ramos Diana , Falcón-Brindis Armando , Badillo-Montaño Raúl , Hinojosa-Diaz Ismael , Ayala Ricardo
Published: October 2018

Floral visitors are often overlooked in those plants considered invasive and widespread weed species. Martynia annua L. is an example of an introduced species to the old world being native from tropical America, however, information of its endemic pollinators in the Neotropical region is missing. In this study, the floral visitors of M. annua were evaluated in Chamela Field Station (Chamela-Cuixmala Biosphere Reserve) in Jalisco, Mexico. Our aim was to provide information of the breeding system of M. annua and then indicate the potential pollinators. We included morphological and sexual features to estimate the outcrossing index (OCI). The frequency, behavior, and pollen loads were considered to find the potential pollinator. Despite the evidence of protandry and OCI indicating a xenogamous breeding system, the lack of herkogamy suggests M. annua is a facultative xenogamous species. The highest frequency of visits corresponded to the maximum diameter of corolla. Euglossa viridissima was the most recurrent visitor. However, this species often carried a high proportion of heterospecific pollen and did not touch any sexual structure of the flower. In contrast, Centris agilis performed as the most likely pollinator. Flowers of M. annua offer valuable rewards to its visitors and may be a good source of energy to those foragers capable of reaching the nectaries, though small bees are apparently unable to penetrate the flowers. We consider that there are evidence that suggests M. annua is a specialized melittophilic plant, pollinated by moderate to large-sized hairy bees throughout its distribution.
Pollen Resources Stored in Nests of Wild Bees Xylocopa ciliata Burmeister and Megachile pusilla Pérez (Hymenoptera: Anthophila) in a Temperate Grassland-Forest Matrix
Authors: Vossler Favio Gerardo
Published: October 2018

Pollen analysis was employed to study the diet composition of two wild bees in a patch of temperate grassland invaded by exotic plants. Thirty pollen types from 14 families and two unidentified types were present in the seven samples analyzed. The three samples from Megachile pusilla Pérez were composed of 100% Lotus glaber and the four samples from Xylocopa ciliata Burmeister of abundant pollen (˃5%) of Lotus glaber, Galega offi cinalis, Adesmia bicolor and type Senna-Chamaecrista (all Fabaceae). The latter resource likely foraged out of the park, which could be an evidence to support its pollen preference for Fabaceae. However, a larger number of samples is necessary to identify the specialization status of X. ciliata. The preference for Lotus in this site was due to temporal specialization as M. pusilla was identified as polylectic in its origin area, and this could help to explain its eff ective naturalization in the New World and other areas of the Old World.
Role of Micelle-Clay Complexes and Quaternary Amine Cations in Removal of Bacteria from Water: Adsorption, Biostatic, and Biocidal Effects
Authors: Shuali Uri , Nir Shlomo
Published: October 2018

The present report is a review of uses of quaternary ammonium cations (QACs) as free monomers or immobilized in micelle-clay complexes in bacteria removal from water. The removal of bacteria from water by filtration through a bed of a granulated QAC-clay micelle was improved by minute concentrations of QAC that were released from the complex during filtration, which exerted biostatic or biocidal effects on the bacteria that emerged from the filter. The relationships between antibacterial activity (minimum inhibition concentration, MIC; minimum lethal concentration, MLC) and structural parameters of the QACs (head group size and alkyl chain length) are discussed. The antibacterial activity of QACs in aqueous phases is mainly due to the free monomeric species. Bacterial inactivation is enhanced by QACs with longer alkyl chains. In most recorded cases, however, minimum MIC and MLC values occurred at n = 14–16 and mostly at n = 16, where n is the number of C atoms in the alkyl chain. This outcome is explained by the combination of two antagonistic effects: (i) An increase in alkyl chain length (i.e., QAC hydrophobicity) enhances QAC binding, penetration, and destabilization of bacterial membranes; and (ii) an increase in alkyl chain length lowers the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of QACs and, thus, reduces QAC monomer concentrations, which more efficiently inactivate bacteria than the micelles. The octadecyltrimethylammonium (ODTMA, n = 18) MLC value (0.25 μm) for the cyanobacterium genus Aphanizomenon is significantly lower than the CMC (300 mm) value. Hence, a test to determine the minimum MLC value at n = 16 is of interest. Removal of bacteria from water by filtration is expected to be made more efficient by small increases in the ODTMA/clay ratio in the complex, which will act to increase the concentrations of ODTMA cations released during filtration.
Study of Defluoridation of Water Using Natural Clay Minerals
Authors: Ben Amor T. , Kassem M. , Hajjaji W. , Jamoussi F. , Ben Amor M. , Hafiane A.
Published: October 2018

Fluoride is an essential component in the mineralization of bones and in the formation of dental enamel. Excessive intake may result, however, in teeth mottling and dental and skeletal fluorosis. With an average fluoride concentration of ~2.4 mg L−1 in Tunisian drinking water, the present study focused on promoting low-cost materials for removal of excess fluoride. Two Tunisian raw clays were used as adsorbents in a batch process to eliminate excess fluoride ions from drinking water and, thus, avoid fluorosis phenomena. Physicochemical characterization and chemical analysis of the raw clays were carried out using X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, and the BET method. For fluoride removal, the effects of contact time, adsorbent dose, and pH were evaluated. The optimum defluoridation capacity was at 30 min of contact time, 20 g/L of clay dose, and at pH = 3. The kaolinite tested removed more fluoride than smectite. The selected clay was used successfully to remove fluoride from contaminated water with high concentrations of foreign ions that exceeded the potability limits. Adsorption isotherms revealed that the data fitted well to both the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms, thus confirming both monolayer and multilayer adsorption.
Removal of Phosphate by Ivory Coast Shale in a Homogeneous Reactor and Under Hydrodynamic Conditions: Influence of Soluble Species
Authors: Kpannieu D. E. , Ruby C. , Coulibaly L. , Abdelmoula M. , Mallet M.
Published: October 2018

Developing low cost and effective phosphate adsorbents is crucial to prevent eutrophication of natural waters. Here, phosphate removal by a natural and abundant shale from the Ivory Coast was investigated in both batch and column experiments with special attention devoted to understand the adsorption process. Batch experiments were carried out to assess the influence of initial phosphate concentration, sorbent dosage, contact time, and pH on phosphate removal. The phosphate removal efficiency increased with increased shale dosage while phosphate uptake decreased. Aqueous Ca, Mg, Al, and Fe species concentrations decreased in the presence of phosphate. Additionally, phosphate uptake strongly decreased with pH increases in the range 2–11, but then increased at pH 12. The kinetics were well described using a pseudo-second order model, and Langmuir adsorption isotherms were used for the equilibrium surface reactions. Adsorption to nanoparticles of goethite was hypothesized to be the major phosphate removal mechanism in the pH range 4–10. Column experiments with a flow rate of 1 mL min−1 and an initial phosphate concentration of 25 mg L−1 showed a breakthrough point at a V/Vp value of ~17, where Vis the volume of phosphate solution added to the column and Vp is the pore volume. A V/Vp value of ~17 corresponded to a phosphate uptake of 0.17 mg/g, which was in agreement with the batch experiments. Column experiments revealed a strong correlation between the aqueous concentrations of Ca, Mg, Al, and Fe species and phosphate removal and, thus, suggest that phosphate removal by the shale occurred by aqueous dissolution/precipitation.
Rola Komisji Weneckiej w procesie przygotowania konstytucji przez państwa Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej
Authors: Markert Thomas
Published: October 2018

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Czy wolność słowa i wolność prasy są rzeczywiście potrzebne społeczeństwu i państwu?
Authors: Sobczak Jacek
Published: October 2018

Wolność prasy wydaje się wartością niekwestionowaną. Wątpliwości budzi niekiedy możliwość jej ograniczenia. Opowiadając się przeciwko tezie o nieograniczonej wolności prasy, przywołać należy w płaszczyźnie prawa Rady Europy judykaty Europejskiego Trybunału Praw Człowieka w Strasburgu odnotowujące przejście ich z paradygmatu idealistycznego do realistycznego. Jest to prawo podstawowe, odwołujące się do racjonalności, wolności słowa i swobody komunikacji. Wywodzić tę wolność można z argumentów opartych na idei demokracji, z potrzeby służenia prawdzie i związanej z tym wolnym rynkiem idei, wreszcie z autonomii jednostki. Wolność słowa ma charakter zarówno indywidualny, jak i społeczny. Nie jest oczywiście celem samym w sobie. Nie może abstrahować od założeń deontologii. Bez wolności słowa nie może funkcjonować ani demokratyczne państwo prawne, ani społeczeństwo w takim państwie. Istnieją jednak poważne pokusy, aby takową wolność ograniczać.
Samorząd terytorialny jako czynnik wzmacniający zasadę dobra wspólnego
Authors: Patyra Sławomir
Published: October 2018

Artykuł porusza problem relacji pomiędzy konstytucyjną zasadą dobra wspólnego a funkcjonowaniem samorządu terytorialnego w Polsce. Część pierwsza zawiera teoretyczne rozważania na temat zasady istoty zasady dobra wspólnego oraz relacji pomiędzy dobrem wspólnym i zasadą pomocniczości. W części drugiej autor prezentuje podstawowe środki prawne służące partycypacji społeczności lokalnej w procesie decyzyjnym. Trzecia część zawiera krytyczne uwagi na temat aktualnych relacji pomiędzy władzą centralną i samorządem terytorialnym. W ocenie autora niektóre spośród inicjatyw legislacyjnych większości sejmowej prowadzą do ograniczenia samodzielności samorządu terytorialnego, naruszając zasadę dobra wspólnego.
Sprawiedliwość w liberalnym egalitaryzmie. Uwagi o filozoficznym uzasadnieniu współczesnego państwa dobrobytu
Authors: Kowalski Ryszard
Published: October 2018

Istnienie państwa dobrobytu może być uzasadniane za pomocą argumentacji zarówno ekonomicznej, politycznej, jak i filozoficznej. W artykule scharakteryzowano sprawiedliwość dystrybutywną z perspektywy liberalnego egalitaryzmu, co stanowi jednocześnie analizę filozoficznej argumentacji na rzecz państwa dobrobytu. Odwołano się przy tym do dwóch najbardziej wpływowych koncepcji: teorii sprawiedliwości jako bezstronności autorstwa Rawlsa oraz idei równości zasobów zaproponowanej przez Dworkina. Celem artykułu była ocena modeli państwa dobrobytu w świetle wymagań stawianych w obu koncepcjach sprawiedliwie urządzonemu społeczeństwu. Autor dowodzi, że mając na względzie realne możliwości jednostek do formułowania, rozumnego realizowania oraz korekty swych własnych planów życiowych, jedynie socjaldemokratyczny (nordycki) model państwa dobrobytu można uznać za akceptowalny z perspektywy egalitarystycznej.
Czy potrzebne są zmiany w konstytucyjnej karcie praw?
Authors: Kędzia Zdzisław
Published: October 2018

Artykuł poszukuje odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy potrzebna jest rewizja karty praw jednostki zamieszczonej w Konstytucji RP z 1997 r. Punktem wyjścia są rozważania na temat aktualności ustawy zasadniczej z perspektywy dwudziestu lat jej obowiązywania. Ich konkluzją jest stwierdzenie, że Konstytucja RP spełnia kryteria nowoczesnego konstytucjonalizmu, na którym opierają się ustroje państw demokratycznych. Reforma polegająca na gruntownej rewizji obowiązującej konstytucji lub na zastąpieniu jej przez nową ustawę zasadniczą wymagałaby uzasadnienia poprzez spełnienie warunków „momentu konstytucyjnego”, tak jak to pojęcie rozumie Bruce Ackerman. Rozważania poświęcone konstytucyjnej karcie praw skupiają się na ocenie wypełnienia przez nią kryteriów, które kierowały pracami nad jej redakcją, a mianowicie: adekwatności do dominujących w społeczeństwie ocen relacji między jednostką a wspólnotą; zgodności z międzynarodowymi standardami praw człowieka; uniwersalności treści; jurydyczności. Prowadzą one do wniosku, że karta praw zawarta w Konstytucji RP stanowi przykład nowoczesnej regulacji sytuacji prawnej jednostki, zgodnej z wymogami współczesnego konstytucjonalizmu. Ta generalna ocena nie oznacza jednak braku celowości rozważań nad możliwością czy potrzebą optymalizacji szczegółowych rozwiązań, które mogłyby zostać dokonane w ramach nowelizacji konstytucji, gdy ta okaże się niezbędna. Teza ta jest zilustrowana wybranym przykładami.
Związek pomiędzy oceną ratingową a napływem bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych
Authors: Zygmanowski Piotr , Krawiec Jacek , Waśko Krzysztof
Published: October 2018

W niniejszym artkule podjęto próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy oceny ratingowe stanowią punkt odniesienia dla inwestorów dokonujących bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych w sytuacji wystąpienia kryzysu finansowego. W badaniach odniesiono się do kryzysu azjatyckiego z końca XX w., weryfikując powiązanie oceny ratingowej z udziałem bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych w PKB przed i po kryzysie. Artykuł składa się z wstępu, trzech części zasadniczych oraz zakończenia. We wstępie zaprezentowano cel główny niniejszego artkułu oraz główną hipotezę badawcza. W pierwszej z części zasadniczych dokonano przeglądu literatury poświęconej relacjom występującym pomiędzy bezpośrednimi inwestycjami zagranicznymi oraz ocenami ratingowymi. W drugiej części zasadniczej zaprezentowano podstawy metodologii nadawania ocen ratingowych trzech najważniejszych agencji ratingowych na Świecie – Moody’s, S&P oraz Fitch. Trzecia część zasadnicza zawiera wyniki badań nad weryfikacją związku pomiędzy oceną ratingową oraz bezpośrednimi inwestycjami zagranicznymi. W zakończeniu autorzy opracowania ustosunkowali się do głównego celu oraz hipotezy badawczej, a także wskazali asumpty do dalszych badań. Przeprowadzone badania, z wykorzystaniem jednoczynnikowej analizy ANOVA i komplementarnej dla niej metody Tukeya, pozwoliły na pełną realizację celu głównego niniejszego artykułu. Wyniki potwierdzają hipotezę główną, stanowiącą, że po kryzysie azjatyckim kraje o wysokiej ocenie ratingowej charakteryzowały się relatywnie większymi napływami bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych.
Ochrona przyrody i środowiska w dyskursie „Newsweeka” i „Tygodnika Powszechnego”
Authors: Cynk Karolina
Published: October 2018

W niniejszym artykule przeprowadzona została krytyczna analiza dyskursu prasowego (KDA). W celu realizacji badań wybrane zostały dwa tygodniki: liberalno-lewicowy – Newsweek Polska (N) i liberalno-katolicki – Tygodnik Powszechny (TP). Analizie jakościowej i ilościowej poddane zostały artykuły na temat ochrony przyrody i środowiska, jakie ukazały się we wspomnianych czasopismach w ciągu ostatnich dwóch lat. Podstawową metodą badawczą wykorzystaną w badaniach była wspomniana KAD, a dokładnie – wybrane wątki wchodzące w jej skład. W jej wyniku weryfikacji poddane zostały hipotezy badawcze zakładające: że w dyskursie N częściej prezentowano kwestie ochrony przyrody; że kreowano w nim bardziej przyjazny stosunek do niej, niż w TP, a także, że w dyskursie N przeważała perspektywa globalna oraz wymiar moralny, natomiast w TP – aspekt lokalny i czynniki ekonomiczne. Wyniki badań wskazują, że w celu poprawy kondycji przyrody i środowiska potrzebne jest szersze propagowanie poprzez dyskurs prasowy , postaw proekologicznych.