bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enclosure and Exposure
Authors: Sutherland Annie
Published: April 2022

This chapter explores medieval exegetical and affective characterizations of the birthplace of Christ. It focuses in particular on evocations of this birthplace as an exposed, liminal location and argues that the radical exposure endured by Christ at the moment of his birth was crucial to medieval understandings of the significance of the Incarnation. But it also points out that its condition of openness is always in a dialectical relationship with its capacity to enclose and protect.
Openness and Intensity
Authors: Gragnolati Manuele , Southerden Francesca
Published: April 2022

Our paper offers a comparative reading of Rvf 23 and 228, which describe the poetic subject’s transformation into (23), or implantation with (228), the laurel tree that normally represents the poet’s beloved, Laura. Bringing Petrarch’s poems into dialogue with philosophical works that consider the nature of plant existence as a form of interconnectedness and porosity to the outside, we argue that the becoming tree these poems stage is a form of desire to be understood not as lack but as intensity.
The Openness of the Enclosed Convent
Authors: Wareham Edmund
Published: April 2022

This article draws on the nearly 1800 letters which survive from the Benedictine convent of Lüne, near Lüneburg in northern Germany, and were written betweenc. 1460 and 1555. It explores the textual and visual strategies which nuns in the later Middle Ages used to negotiate their enclosed status. It suggests that the language and imagery of openness were a means for the nuns to remind those outside the convent wall of their presence and purpose in life.
The Book Half Open
Authors: Margolis Oren
Published: April 2022

A small, blind-tooled volume sits on a table covered in green baize: one clasp is open, the other is closed; and a slip of paper emerges from it readingVeritas odium parit(truth breeds hatred). This detail occurs in the foreground of a portrait by Hans Holbein of a young man identified as the Cologne patrician Hermann von Wedigh III (Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York). A study of the physical features of the book and of the history of the brief text — actually an ancient and then Erasmian adage — leads to a new interpretation of the painting in the context of humanist friendship. The book is seen to be a multivalent simile for the work of art authored by the artist as well as for the sitter himself, raising questions about the implications for these of a medium that can be opened and closed. The half-open condition of the book is understood to reflect the complementary pressures of openness and closedness, accessibility and intimacy, that characterized the Renaissance republic of letters.
Seorang Anak Laki-Laki dengan Kolestasis, Cytomegalovirus dan Anemia: Laporan Kasus
Authors: Mayangsari Citra Primavita , Purnasari Perez Wahyu
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Cholestasis can cause obstruction of substances that should be secreted into the duodenum for further digestive process. Causes of intrahepatic cholestasis in children less than 2 months of age include idiopathic neonatal hepatitis; infections such as Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), toxoplasmosis, Urinary Tract Infection (UTI), sepsis; and metabolic disorders, resulting from long-term administration of Total Parenteral Nutrition, and part of a syndrome. The infection can be transmitted either vertically or horizontally. Objective: This case report aims to determine congenital infections that can occur in children during pregnancy. Method: This study is a case report that applies a descriptive observational method about a 2.5-month-old boy being treated at Dr. Kariadi Semarang with a diagnosis of cholestasis, cytomegalovirus, normochromic microcytic anemia. Data was obtained from primary and secondary sources. Results and discussion: This case report explains that transmission of CMV infection can occur from mother to fetus during pregnancy, thus causing congenital infection. This infection becomes a chronic infection in children, thus affecting Hb levels in the blood and causing anemia. Examination of bilirubin, liver enzymes, and ultrasound of the abdomen confirmed the diagnosis of cholestasis. A head CT scan and ABR test are important for long-term monitoring. Conclusion: Infections that occur in patients due to cytomegalovirus may be acquired intrauterine. Complete investigations are needed to establish the diagnosis, so that appropriate therapy can be given. Long-term monitoring is important for the presence of intracranial calcifications as well as hearing loss.
The Role of Low Dosage Combined Oral Contraceptive Pill in Perimenopausal Women
Authors: Abadi A. , Fatimah Usman  , Awan Nurtjahyo  , Cindy Kesty
Published: April 2022

The perimenopausal period refers to the time period of the menstrual cycle and endocrine changes. Usually, it starts with a variation in the menstrual cycle length and ending with FMP. The rates of unwanted pregnancies for these women are reported to be around 40–45%. Thus, contraceptive counselling and contraceptive use among perimenopausal women are important aspects of their overall health care if they are sexually active and do not wish to become pregnant. One of them is by using low dose combined oral contraceptive pill containing ethynylestradiol (EE) containing less than 50 µg EE/day. It acts by supressing gonadotropin. There are several positive effects of COC, namely pregnancy prevention; regulation of menstrual cycle; relieving menopausal symptoms; bone protection; protection against ovarian, endometrial and colorectal cancer; lipid metabolism; and blood pressure lowering effect. In contrast, the negative effects of COC are increases the risk of breast cancer, venous thromboembolism, and myocardial infarction. We presented a literature review to describe the usage of low dosage combined oral contraceptive pill as one of contraception method in perimenopausal women, including its positive and negative effects.
Ulceration of Corticosteroid-Induced StriaeDistensae in Children with Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Sari Indri Widya , Rusmawardiana  , Fifa Argentina
Published: April 2022

Striaedistensae(SD) is linear scar tissue in the epidermis and dermis due to excessive stretching of the skin.Striaedistensaeoccurs due to dysfunction of extracellular matrix components that play a role in skin elasticity increasing sensitivity to minor trauma and ulceration. One of the causes is the long-term use of corticosteroids. Systemic corticosteroids are the mainstay of treatment for nephrotic syndrome, so long-term prescribing of corticosteroids should be carried out with caution. It is reported case of a 15-year-old boy with nephrotic syndrome complains of red streaks appearing on his abdomen, back, buttocks, and lower limbs after 2 months of corticosteroid treatment. Pus-filled nodules develop which become ulcers on the red lines of the back. On physical examination found striaedistensae in the abdominal region, posterior trunk, gluteus, femoral and proximal 1/3 bilateral cruris posterior. Found 3 ulcers on the striaedistensae on the posterior trunk, oval to round shape, size 1x1x0,5 cm to 2x1,5x1 cm, base of necrotic tissue, pus contents, wall echoing, edges are not raised, surrounding tissue is erythematous-livid, tenderness, odor, and no induration. On examination of the ulcer swab with Gram stain found Gram-positive bacteria. The culture results showed Staphylococcus aureus. The patient was treated with topical 0.05% retinoic acid every night at SD, and ulcers were treatedsystemic antibiotics of 2 grams ceftriaxone per day for 1 week, as well as ulcer treatment by compressing 1%0 salicylic acid solution, hydrogel, and foam dressing. After 4 weeks of therapy, there was clinical improvement, thinning striae and reduced ulcer size.
Identification of the Risks of Giving the Covid 19 Vaccine on Other Health Workers at Dr Mohammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang
Authors: Gusti Witri , Eva Yunila  , Elsa Savitrie  , Sri Laniah
Published: April 2022

Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, this disease spreads faster and in a short time becomes a worldwide pandemic. In the context of controlling and preventing the spread of the COVID-19 virus, the COVID-19 vaccination is carried out. The main priority in administering the COVID 19 vaccination is health workers because they are at high risk of being exposed to the COVID 19 virus. Other Health Workers who are included in the Committee for other Health Workers at Dr Mohammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang also receive the COVID-19 vaccination which is carried out in 2 doses or 2 injections. The COVID-19 vaccination may pose a risk of local or systemic side effects. This study aims to identify the risks that arise after administering the COVID-19 vaccine to other health workers at Dr Mohammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang. The design of this study was quantitative using an analytical survey method through a retrospective approach. The population is 534 people consisting of 20 other health professions. Based on the data analysis, it can be concluded that the risks that arise after the administration of the COVID -19 I Vaccination are in the form of systemic side effects, namely drowsiness (67%) and local side effects are pain (58.5%), while after the second Covid 19 vaccination, the most common side effects are pain. Common side effects are local side effects, namely pain (77.3%) and systemic side effects are drowsiness (62.1%). occurred after the administration of the first Covid 19 vaccination (86.2%). After giving the COVID 19 vaccination, there were still 5 other Health Workers who were exposed to the Covid 19 virus (4.6%).
The Paradox of Love and Violence against Women in Families: A Loophole in the Agents of Socialization?
Authors: Naisiko Tabitha
Published: April 2022

The co-existence of love and violence against women in families has remained a predicament over a long time. Sometimes the situation is attributed to cultural beliefs and psycho-social traits of the perpetrators. Grounded in the anthropological discipline, the paper will endeavour to define the key concepts of love and violence, its manifestations, perpetrators, and mediating agencies. It will also suggest ways of eradicating violence. The paper is based on field data collected in Wakiso and Kampala districts of Uganda, literature, personal experiences and contemporary debates as presented in the media.
A Theological Perspective of Domestic Violence in Kenya
Authors: Rono Miriam
Published: April 2022

This paper acknowledges the fact that there is escalation of domestic violence in Kenya despite efforts of the church. Theologically in both Christianity and African religion violence is not accepted and taking away life is not condoned. It recognises how in the traditional African society domestic violence was limited unlike during this era of Christianity. This paper seeks to unveil how the Nandi Addressed domestic violence in the past and how the church can borrow from this in order to incorporate some of the traditional methods of resolving this form of violence. The study adopted a qualitative research design where the perceptions of the respondents were used to gather in-depth information about the field of study. The findings were analysed and presented descriptively. The main sources of domestic violence include drug abuse, poor foundation of children, unclear marital roles and economic problems among others. The major findings of the study are that domestic violence leads to character defamation and even death of persons. Lack of economic resources underpins women’s vulnerability to violence and their inability to disentangle themselves from abusive relationships. This paper recommends that there is need to revisit   teachings from traditional institutions of marriage and initiations and incorporate positive forms of teaching with teachings in Christianity for harmony in the society. This paper concludes that the society is no longer knit together due to the brake up of the traditional family and the society in general. Domestic violence in Kenya indicates the laxity and failure of the religious institutions in checking family relationships. It further recommends that there is need to go back to our traditional family settings to reflect on what is expected of the family and to derive the worth of an individual and meaning of life
Interrogating the Phenomenon of Corruption as a Form of Violence Against National ‘Common Good’
Authors: Nyaundi Nehemiah
Published: April 2022

Corruption is a monster that defies any attempt to slaying it in many respects. Further, corruption is hard to define and isolate because it mutates into many forms in very short times. Many societies have suffered because corruption becomes rampant and almost into an everyday phenomenon. Where that is the case, corruption morphs into a type of violence which robs society of its access to what is commonly known as ‘Common Good’. Common Good is the ideal which every member of a society looks forward to enjoying without undue restriction, it is the un-inalienable right that every member of society expects by virtue of being human. In parts of the African Continent, corruption prevails as though the abnormal is literary normalized. In this article, I make an assertion that corruption is a form of violence which compromises access to human dignity and modest self-esteem. In itself, violence is bad enough as it makes life and enjoyment of life impossible. The conceptualization that is presented herein including the attempt that is made to prove the observations using various evidence weaves the statements into a legitimate concept that cannot be overstated nor gainsaid. The article perceives the denial of the common good at two levels, namely at the individual and at the national levels. Taking the evidence provided and discussed in the article leaves no room for doubt in respect to the assertion that corruption is indeed a brutal form of ‘violence against the common good’.
A Study to Evaluate the Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge regarding Neurological Examination among Nursing Students in Selected College of Nursing, Dehradun, Uttarakhand
Authors: K.Chitra  , Pooja Godiyal
Published: April 2022

The objective of the study is to assess the knowledge of Neurological Examination furthermore to findout the mean difference between pre and post test score as well as association between the pre testlevel of knowledge and with their demographic variables. A pre-experimental study was conducted onNeurological Examination with 54 nursing students of Basic Bsc 3rd year in State college of nursing,107 Chander nagar Dehradun.. The Pre test data was collected by using self-administered questionnaireand mean was of (12.2.). The obtained data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. (Teaching wasgiven regarding anatomy and physiology of nervous system as well as OSPE conducted for neurologicalexamination. After 7 days of intervention post test was conducted for the same group of students andmean score was (16.8).SD of the pre and post test score was (2.9&1.91) and t test was done to findout the difference between pre and post test score. Calculated’ T ‘value is (5.9) and tabulated valueis 2.66. So findings are suggesting that calculated value is higher than tabulated value. It shows thatthe effectiveness of structured teaching on Neurological Assessment. Further there was associationof knowledge of neurological examination with their demographic variables and it was statisticallysignificant at p< o.o5 level. The study findings conclude that the student nurses had good knowledgeafter structured teaching programme regarding neurological examination.
Effect of Selected Stretching Exercises on the Pain Level of Primary Dysmenorrhea among College Students
Authors: Manisha Kadam  , Vidya Garad
Published: April 2022

Dysmenorrhea is a common gynecological condition with painful menstrual cramps of uterineorigin. Primary Dysmenorrhea is widely prevalent, more than 70% of teenagers and 30-50% ofmenstruating women suffer from varying degree of discomfort. The primary objectives of the studywere to assess the effect of selected stretching exercises on pain level of primary dysmenorrhea. Quasiexperimental method was used and data was collected from 40 students who have suffered fromPrimary Dysmenorrhea by purposive sampling technique was used. Data was collected with the helpof VAS (Visual Analogue Scale). The result showed pain was significantly reduced after exercise onday 1, day2, day3. i.e. Day 1 shows 43.78% reduction, day 2 shows 53.92% reduction and day 3shows 80.14% reduction of pain. Significant difference of pain score on day 1 according to age beforeexercise among college student as P<0.01 i.e. as age increases pain decreases significantly. Conclusion-Selective stretching exercises were found to be effective in the level of dysmenorrhea among collegestudents. It is also proven that pain level is high on first day of menstruation than second and third.Further studies can be conducted to see effects of pain on further aspects of life like psychologicaleffects. Effectiveness of interventions can be check for the association with symptoms to have a broaderpicture.
The Development of an Instrument for Measuring Interprofessional Collaborative Practice Competency of Health Sciences Students
Authors: Vannapa Prathumtone  , Ausanee Wanchai  , Rungtiwa Wangruangsatid  , Anchalee Kaewsasri  , Thitirat Rasiri  , Boonrid Prasitnarapun
Published: April 2022

Different interprofessional frameworks have been developed. To evaluate students’ collaborativepractice competency correctly, it is necessary to find a reliable, suitable, and valid instrument. Thisstudy aimed to develop a tool to measure interprofessional collaborative practice competency of Thaihealth sciences Students. This research and development were divided into 5 phases: 1) Studying corecompetency and behavioral indicators; 2) examining content validity of the behavioral indicators;3) creating a competency measurement tool and determining scoring criteria; 4) testing the tool andchecking its reliability, and 5) assessing interprofessional collaborative practice competency of healthsciences students.The results showed that the interprofessional collaborative practice competency consisted of 6 keycomponents: 1) patient-centered care, 2) role clarification, 3) team functioning, 4) collaborative leadership,5) learning and reflection, and 6) knowledge. There were 30 behavioral indicators with the index ofitem-objective congruence (IOC) between 0.6-1.00 and the content validity index (CVI) of 0.92. Thereliability of the whole tool was 0.93 and each aspect was 0.76, 0.77, 0.75, 0.79, 0.81, 0.77, respectively.The tool was able to classify the competency of health science students between those who had and didnot have experience in participating in interprofessional teaching programs. The psychometric analysisof this tool supported its value in measuring the interprofessional collaborative practice competencyof Thai health science students. As this study was a cross-sectional study, further assessment for the interprofessional collaborative practice competency among Thai health science students with the longitudinal design is needed.
CO2 Laser Haemorrhoidectomy for Treatment of Grade IV Haemorrhoids
Authors: Babak Meshkat  , Ibrahim Haidaran  , Ahmed Haidaran
Published: April 2022

Background: symptomatic haemorrhoids are a common problem. While many treatment options are available, none have shown clear superior results. Pain, recurrence rates and potential complications are the main considerations when choosing the optimal treatment for haemorrhoids. Methods: We evaluated post operative pain using a visual analogue at one and four weeks post operatively in patients undergoing Milligan-Morgan haemorrhoidectomy using CO2 laser. We also recorded any unplanned re-presentations and complications during a 24 months study period. Results: There were 77 patient who underwent CO2 laser haemorrhoidectomy during the study period. Post operative pain was low (mode=1, mean=3) in the majority of patients. Those who developed a complication had higher post operative pain scores at one week compared to those who did not. All patients were pain free at four week follow up. Conclusion: Overall we found CO2 haemorrhoidectomy to be a safe procedure which is well tolerated in the vast majority of patients.
Differential Effects of Heated Tobacco Products and Conventional Cigarettes on Cardiovascular System A Systematic Review of Randomized Trials
Authors: Nare Ghazaryan  , Miqayel Adamyan  , Narine Muradyan  , Tatevik Hovakimyan
Published: April 2022

Background: Heated tobacco products (HTP) are alternative forms to traditional cigarettes. Harmful components contained in HTP tobacco aerosol are in lower amounts than those in smoke from traditional cigarettes. That’s why HTP are believed to reduce the burden of smoking related-diseases. However, due to its potentially toxic chemicals and the increased concentration of nicotine, HTP devices may not be as safe as the industries claim. This review was completed to summarize effects of HTP on user’s health, in particular on cardiovascular system.Methods: A systematic search of the literature in PubMed database was performed to identify significant articles published from 2015 to 2021. For this review we selected randomized clinical trials that explore the effects of heat-not-burn cigarettes on the cardiovascular system. Independent and sponsored studies by the tobacco industry were included. Conclusion: The analysis of biomarkers of biological effect, such as those for oxidative stress, platelet activation, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, antioxidant reserve and others showed differences between smokers and people using heated tobacco products in favor of the latter. However, studies comparing the acute effects of different tobacco products on arterial stiffness, heart rate and myocardial function indicated no relevant differences between IQOS and traditional cigarettes. So, Heated Tobacco Products appear less harmful. Nevertheless, due to conflicting information and the restricted knowledge of IQOS exposure, further long-therm human studies are needed to assess the potential benefit and risk of heated tobacco products
Public Health in the Rural Areas of India - A Privilege?
Authors: Sucharitha Bandi
Published: April 2022

Background: Everything is a public health issue, from climate change to geopolitical threats to food safety to healthcare-associated infections. It is the most required and the most important service in the world right now. Despite public health being the fundamental human right, we can see how it is being denied to millions of individuals from the underprivileged communities especially the rural areas of the country. Hence a study explaining the critical need of public health and an analysis of the current public health issues in today’s world is greatly needed.Method: A cross-sectional study has been conducted for a period of 2 months among 100 low-income families in Kammavaripalem region of Nandigamamandal, Krishna district, Andhra Pradesh. This article specially focusses on riveting issues such as domestic abuse, menstrual hygiene and illiteracy which are the most immediate public health issues that needs to be addressed. The questionnaire concentrates on how the limited resources affects the public health status of the families. The data has been collected using a pre-tested and semi-structured questionnaire through face-to-face interview method. Conclusion: The survey showed results that clearly depict a critical need for public health attention in these rural areas. Considering what were found the root causes of these issues, initiatives are suggested in these areas; educating women about their rights with regards to domestic abuse and giving them better employment opportunities, awareness among women about menstrual hygiene practices and a necessary cost effective alternate to commercial pads and a system to make the parents learn the importance of education in order to decrease the school drop-out rate.
Separation Anxiety Disorder among Preschool Children in Baghdad / Iraq
Authors: Talah Khudhair Abbas
Published: April 2022

Background: Separation anxiety disorder (SAD) is a condition in which a child becomes fearful and nervous when away from home or separated from parent or another caregiver whom the child is attached (1). Some children may develop physical symptoms, such as headaches or stomachaches when thought of being separated (2). The fear of separation causes great distress to the child and may lead to interfere with their normal activities like going to kindergartens or playing with other children (3). Few publishing on preschool SAD in Iraq. This was the impetus to carry out this work.
Auf den Mikrometer genau
Authors: Hüffel Markus
Published: April 2022

Rund 70 % der deutschen Walzwerkerzeugnisse werden im Raum Hagen hergestellt. Genau dort ist der internationale Technologieführer für präzise Mess- und Regeltechnik beim Walzen ansässig. Kontrolliert wird die gleichmäßige Banddicke als Qualitätsmerkmal.
Schnelle Qualitätsprüfung von Bremsscheiben
Authors: Receanu Ruxandra
Published: April 2022

Bremsscheiben gehören zu den sicherheitsrelevanten Bauteilen im Fahrzeug und müssen mehrere Millionen Bremsvorgänge unbeschadet überstehen. Eine Inline-Prüfplattform erstellt jetzt in nur 20 s ein umfassendes 3D-Modell der Bauteile und detektiert selbst winzige Oberflächendefekte.
Energieeffiziente Prozessplanung
Authors: Malek Talash , Winkler Martin , Denkena Berend , Wichmann Marcel
Published: April 2022

Um den Zerspanungsprozess energieeffizienter und somit ökologisch nachhaltiger zu gestalten, muss der Kühlschmierstoff (KSS)-Druck optimal eingestellt werden. Im beschriebenen Projekt wurde eine Methode entwickelt, mit welcher der optimale KSS-Druck in Abhängigkeit des auftretenden Werkzeugverschleißes ermittelt werden kann – und damit bis zu 33 % Energie eingespart wird.
Schmierstoffe für optimale Schmiedeprozesse
Authors: Eberle Marcel , Schmid Marius
Published: April 2022

Schmieden ist das spanlose Umformen von Metallen zwischen zwei Werkzeugen. Schmierstoffe leisten dabei einen wichtigen Beitrag zum Schutz der Anlagentechnik und der Qualität der entstehenden Bauteile. Doch welcher ist der richtige?
Forgetting rates of gist and peripheral episodic details in prose recall
Authors: Sacripante Riccardo , Logie Robert H. , Baddeley Alan , Della Sala Sergio
Published: April 2022

In a seminal study, Slamecka and McElree showed that the degree of initial learning of verbal material affected the intercepts but not the slopes of forgetting curves. However, more recent work has reported that memories for central events (gist) and memory for secondary details (peripheral) were forgotten at different rates over periods of days, with gist memory retained more consistently over time than details. The present experiments aimed to investigate whether qualitatively different types of memory scoring (gist vs. peripheral) are forgotten at different rates in prose recall. In three experiments, 232 participants listened to two prose narratives and were subsequently asked to freely recall the stories. In the first two experiments participants were tested repeatedly after days and a month, while in the third experiment they were tested only after a month to control for repeated retrieval. Memory for gist was higher than for peripheral details, which were forgotten at a faster rate over a month, with or without the presence of intermediate recall. Moreover, repeated retrieval had a significant benefit on both memory for gist and peripheral details. We conclude that the different nature of gist and peripheral details leads to a differential forgetting in prose free recall, while repeated retrieval does not have a differential effect on the retention of these different episodic details.
The amplitude of small eye movements can be accurately estimated with video-based eye trackers
Authors: Nyström Marcus , Niehorster Diederick C. , Andersson Richard , Hessels Roy S. , Hooge Ignace T. C.
Published: April 2022

Estimating the gaze direction with a digital video-based pupil and corneal reflection (P-CR) eye tracker is challenging partly since a video camera is limited in terms of spatial and temporal resolution, and because the captured eye images contain noise. Through computer simulation, we evaluated the localization accuracy of pupil-, and CR centers in the eye image for small eye rotations (≪ 1 deg). Results highlight how inaccuracies in center localization are related to 1) how many pixels the pupil and CR span in the eye camera image, 2) the method to compute the center of the pupil and CRs, and 3) the level of image noise. Our results provide a possible explanation to why the amplitude of small saccades may not be accurately estimated by many currently used video-based eye trackers. We conclude that eye movements with arbitrarily small amplitudes can be accurately estimated using the P-CR eye-tracking principle given that the level of image noise is low and the pupil and CR span enough pixels in the eye camera, or if localization of the CR is based on the intensity values in the eye image instead of a binary representation.
Emergency Management Practices of Regional and District Officials in Western Russia (1941–1946)
Authors: Кометчиков И.В.
Published: April 2022

На основе законодательных материалов, делопроизводства партийных, советских органов, органов Народного комиссариата внутренних дел СССР и Народного комиссариата государственной безопасности СССР, военных структур, статистики, источников личного происхождения из федеральных и региональных архивов анализируются причины, проявления и последствия чрезвычайных практик региональной и районной власти на Западе РСФСР в 1941–1946годах. Делается вывод о том, что наряду с факторами военного времени (сокращение количества квалифицированных управленцев из-за мобилизаций на фронт, эвакуация, концентрация власти в чрезвычайных военизированных структурах, милитаризация их работы и др.) важной причиной «чрезвычайщины» был низкий уровень капитализации ключевых отраслей экономики Запада РСФСР, когда распространенность ручного труда обусловливала активное применение чрезвычайных способов его мобилизации. Воспроизводство большинства чрезвычайных практик власти завершилось с переходом к мирному времени. Лишь такие из них, как институт уполномоченных партийных органов, просуществовали в регионе до завершения индустриальной трансформации советского общества в начале 1960-х годов.

Based on legislative materials, the records of the Party, the committees, NKVD (the People’s Commissariat for Internal Affairs), NKGB (the People’s Commissariat for State Security) and military organizations as well as statistical data and private sources from the federal and regional archives, we analyzed the reasons, manifestations and consequences of practices of regional and local authorities in the Western part of the RSFSR (the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic) during the state of emergency in 1941–1946. We came to the conclusion that it was not only the influence of the wartime which entailed a drop in the number of qualified executives due to the mobilization, evacuation, the concentration of power in military organizations and the militarization of their work, that was an important factor in establishing the state of emergency. Besides that, it was caused by a low level of capitalization of key economic sectors in the Western RSFSR under the circumstances of manual labor being extremely widespread and conducive to its urgent mobilization. Most of those practices were abolished after the war was over. Only a few of them, such as “the authority institute”, lived on until the industrial transformation of the Soviet society came to an end in the early 1960s.
participação popular e os anseios em torno da moradia
Authors: Cristina Silva dos Santos Sandra , Fleury e Silva Beatriz
Published: April 2022

O presente artigo analisa como ocorreu a participação popular no I Congresso da Cidade de Maringá, realizado no final de 2003 e início de 2004. O evento teve como propósito a coleta de insumos para a revisão do Plano Diretor Municipal vigente à época (LC 01/91). Juntamente com o Orçamento Participativo, aprovado pelo decreto 368/2001, o Congresso foi o precursor na promoção da participação popular nas políticas urbanas da cidade e obteve expressiva participação de segmentos que outrora não estavam inseridos nas esferas políticas. Desse modo, analisam-se as propostas apresentadas pela população na primeira rodada do evento, com recorte da questão habitacional, a partir do levantamento documental do evento. O debate acerca da habitação, ocorrido no I Congresso da Cidade de Maringá, foi um importante espaço de debate participativo no município, que jogou luz, pela primeira vez, às demandas populares em torno das necessidades de moradia, embora as mesmas não tenham se refletido como tal no corpo da lei do atual Plano Diretor (Lei n. 632/2006), ferindo, portanto, os princípios da gestão democrática, recém-posicionada no Estatuto da Cidade, aprovado em 2001.
EXTREMISM AMONG YOUNG PEOPLE: CHALLENGES AND WAYS TO OVERCOME THEM (WITH THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN MATERIALS)
Authors: Зиннуров Ф.К. , Шляхтин Е.П.
Published: April 2022

Введение: статья посвящена исследованию проблем, связанных с проявлениями экстремизма в студенческой среде, и выработке предложений по их решению на основе опыта Республики Татарстан.Материалы и методы: в качестве методологической основы исследования использовались об- щенаучные и частнонаучные методы познания, в частности, диалектико-материалистический метод, сравнительно-правовой и формально-логический методы. Эмпирическую основу исследования составили материалы следственно-судебной практики, актуальное законодательство Российской Федерации и Республики Татарстан, а также опубликованные научные работы по проблематике исследования.Результаты исследования: выявлены обстоятельства, способствующие повышению эффективности профилактической деятельности государственных органов власти и управления, общественных объединений в вышеуказанной сфере.Обсуждение и заключения: предложены научно-методические рекомендации по совершенствованию организационных, правовых и иных основ противодействия проявлениям экстремизма и терроризма в молодежной среде.
REGULATION OF CENSORSHIP IN RUSSIA (SECOND HALF OF THE XVIII – EARLY XIX CENTURY)
Authors: Галиуллина Р.Х.
Published: April 2022

Введение: в России XVIII века процесс отделения светской цензуры от церковной привел к ее институализации в начале XIX века. Изданию устава о цензуре 1804 года предшествовала серия актов верховной власти, мнений должностных лиц и судебных решений по делам о печати. Разобраться в причинах противоречивой, но поступательно продвигавшейся политики верховной власти от разрозненных актов к уставу о цензуре предстоит в данной статье.Материалы и методы: исследование проведено на основе опубликованных императорских указов, неопубликованных архивных документов Московского цензурного комитета второй половины XVIII– начала XIX века, научных работ правоведов и историков. Основными методами исследования, использованными при написании работы, стали формально-юридический, историко-правовой методы, а также метод социальной антропологии.Результаты исследования: издание актов о цензуре в исследуемый период не было результатом поступательной реакционно-охранительной политики, а проходило в контексте отделения «светской» (общегражданской) цензуры от религиозной, стало реакцией на революционные события в Европе, негативную цензурную практику, заключавшуюся в некомпетентном цензурном усмотрении.Обсуждение и заключения: к началу XIX века поиск результативных форм цензурной политики второй половины XVIII века завершился изданием устава о цензуре 1804 года и созданием при импе раторских университетах цензурных комитетов. Профессорам университетам была доверена цензура вплоть до либеральных реформ середины XIX века.
PRIVATE PROSECUTION: POSSIBILITY OF TRANSITION OF CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS TO AN ELECTRONIC FORMAT
Authors: Титов П.М.
Published: April 2022

Введение: в статье рассматривается использование в современных реалиях нового формата уголовного судопроизводства в Российской Федерации по делам частного обвинения – совершения ряда действий посредством применения электронно-цифровых средств коммуникации.Материалы и методы: методологической основой исследования стал основополагающий метод диалектического материализма, предполагающий изучение анализируемых явлений в совокупности с учетом многообразия связей между ними в конкретно-историческом контексте. Также при написании статьи применялись общенаучные методы (анализ и синтез, индукция и дедукция) и частнонаучные методы (в частности, логический и функциональный). Материальной основой исследования явились научно-теоретические труды отечественных ученых-процессуалистов, посвященные проблемам пере- хода к электронному формату уголовного судопроизводства по делам частного обвинения, а также статистические данные Судебного департамента при Верховном Суде Российской Федерации.Результаты исследования: автор приходит к выводу, что возможность частичного перевода уголовного судопроизводства по делам частного обвинения в электронную форму позволит снизить уровень латентности преступлений, оптимизировать скорость реагирования правоохранительных органов, максимально обеспечить потерпевших уголовно-процессуальными инструментами для восстановления прав и законных интересов, нарушенных преступлением.Обсуждение и заключения: введение электронного формата уголовного судопроизводства будет способствовать более эффективному расследованию преступлений по делам частного обвинения.
CONCEPTUALIZATION OF LABOR AS A BASIC ELEMENT OF THE ORIGIN AND FUNCTIONING OF THE STATE
Authors: Белов Е.А.
Published: April 2022

Введение: в статье предлагается гипотеза о целесообразности конструирования самостоятельной трудовой теории происхождения государства, анализируется концепт труда с позиции формационной и теологической парадигм, выявляются современные противоречия в теоретико-прикладном понимании сущности труда в качестве ключевого элемента государственного устройства.Материалы и методы: в работе применялись сравнительно-правовой и формально-логический методы исследования с частичным использованием функционального анализа, синергетического син- теза и метода системного подхода.Результаты исследования: проведен анализ теорий происхождения государства; сформулирована идея зарождения и функционирования государства посредством трудовой деятельности; обоснована позиция, согласно которой в случае отказа от общественно полезного, социально одобряемого и не противоречащего закону труда государство в традиционном понимании прекратит свое существование.Обсуждение и заключения: обосновывается необходимость комплексного подхода к пониманию роли труда в процессе создания государства.
DETERMINING THE DEFINITION OF THE GENERAL PART OF THE CRIMINAL CODE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: CERTAIN CHALLENGES
Authors: Илиджев А.А.
Published: April 2022

Введение: в статье исследуется юридическая природа Общей части Уголовного кодекса Российской Федерации (УК РФ), ее становление в истории отечественного уголовного права, проводится понятийно-терминологический анализ данной уголовно-правовой категории.Материалы и методы: методологическую основу статьи составил всеобщий метод диалектической гносеологии при исследовании юридической природы института подстрекательства, его отражения в нормах Общей и Особенной частей уголовного законодательства. Также использовались обще- научные исследовательские методы, в частности сравнительно-правовой, системно-структурный, а также метод правового моделирования и лингвистический метод; применялся анализ как частнонаучный метод познания.Результаты исследования: в целях формулировки наиболее оптимальной дефиниции Общей части УК РФ определено ее происхождение и изучено наполнение, которое предлагается дополнить положениями, вытекающими не из теории уголовного права, а из ныне действующего российского законодательства, в частности оперативно-розыскного. Рассмотрено соотношение обеих частей УК РФ в различные периоды развития уголовного права.Обсуждение и заключения: проведенное исследование позволило выработать авторское определение понятия Общей части УК РФ и обосновать необходимость внесения в нее соответствующих дополнений, направленных на дальнейшее совершенствование.
ASSISTANCE OF TEACHERS AND PSYCHOLOGISTS IN THE RUSSIAN CRIMINAL PROCESS
Authors: Латыпов В.С.
Published: April 2022

Введение: в статье подвергнуто анализу правовое положение педагога и психолога в уголовном судопроизводстве России, освещены исторические этапы нормативного закрепления участия педагога и психолога при производстве процессуальных действий с участием несовершеннолетних.Материалы и методы: методологическую базу исследования составили диалектический метод научного познания, логический, сравнительно-правовой, статистический методы, а также наблюдение и другие частные методы исследования правовых явлений. Материалами исследования послужили доктринальные источники, а также международное, российское законодательство различных исторических периодов и уголовно-процессуальное законодательство ряда государств-участников Содружества Независимых Государств (далее – СНГ).Результаты исследования: в результате проведенного исследования установлено, что ни в ранее действовавших нормативных актах, ни в современном Уголовно-процессуальном кодексе Российской Федерации (далее – УПК РФ) нет нормы, раскрывающей уголовно-процессуальный статус педагога и психолога. Автор отмечает, что нерегламентированность уголовно-процессуального статуса участника уголовного судопроизводства не позволяет педагогам и психологам в полной мере принимать участие в возникающих уголовно-процессуальных правоотношениях ввиду отсутствия нормативно закрепленных прав, обязанностей и ответственности.Обсуждение и заключения: представлен авторский подход, направленный на совершенствование законодательного механизма придания процессуального статуса педагога и психолога путем внесения определенных изменений в действующий УПК РФ. В частности, автор полагает, что следует переименовать главу 8 УПК РФ «Лица, оказывающие содействие в уголовном судопроизводстве»; кроме того, предложена новая редакция части 1 ст. 58 УПК РФ, позволяющая приравнивать к специалисту педагога и психолога, привлекаемых к участию в процессуальных действиях совместно с несовершенно- летними участниками уголовного судопроизводства. По схожему пути в решении указанной проблемы пошли Республика Казахстан, Белоруссия, Азербайджанская Республика.
A Study on Methodologies of Drug Repositioning Using Biomedical Big Data: A Focus on Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Lee Suehyun , Jeon Seongwoo , Kim Hun-Sung
Published: April 2022

Drug repositioning is a strategy for identifying new applications of an existing drug that has been previously proven to be safe. Based on several examples of drug repositioning, we aimed to determine the methodologies and relevant steps associated with drug repositioning that should be pursued in the future. Reports on drug repositioning, retrieved from PubMed from January 2011 to December 2020, were classified based on an analysis of the methodology and reviewed by experts. Among various drug repositioning methods, the network-based approach was the most common (38.0%, 186/490 cases), followed by machine learning/deep learningbased (34.3%, 168/490 cases), text mining-based (7.1%, 35/490 cases), semantic-based (5.3%, 26/490 cases), and others (15.3%, 75/490 cases). Although drug repositioning offers several advantages, its implementation is curtailed by the need for prior, conclusive clinical proof. This approach requires the construction of various databases, and a deep understanding of the process underlying repositioning is quintessential. An in-depth understanding of drug repositioning could reduce the time, cost, and risks inherent to early drug development, providing reliable scientific evidence. Furthermore, regarding patient safety, drug repurposing might allow the discovery of new relationships between drugs and diseases.
Discovery of a Giant Molecular Loop in the Central Region of NGC 253
Authors: Konishi R. , Enokiya R. , Fukui Y. , Muraoka K. , Tokuda K. , Onishi T.
Published: April 2022

NGC 253 is a starburst galaxy of SAB(s)c type with increasing interest because of its high activity at unrivaled closeness. Its energetic event is manifested as the vertical gas features in its central molecular zone, for which stellar feedback was proposed as the driving engine. In order to pursue details of the activity, we have undertaken a kinematic analysis of the ALMA archive data of 12CO(J = 3 − 2) emission at the highest resolution ∼3 pc. We revealed that one of the non-rotating gas components in the central molecular zone shows a loop-like structure of ∼200 pc radius. The loop-like structure is associated with a star cluster, whereas the cluster is not inside the loop-like structure and is not likely as the driver of the loop-like structure formation. Further, we find that the bar potential of NGC 253 seems to be too weak to drive the gas motion by the eccentric orbit. As an alternative, we frame a scenario that magnetic acceleration by the Parker instability is responsible for the creation of the loop-like structure. We show that the observed loop-like structure properties are similar to those in the Milky Way, and argue that recent magneto-hydrodynamics simulations lend support for the picture having the magnetic field strength of ≳100 μG. We suggest that cluster formation was triggered by the falling gas to the footpoint of the loop, which is consistent with a typical dynamical timescale of the loop ∼1 Myr.
Magnetic Braking of Accreting T Tauri Stars II: Torque Formulation Spanning Spin-up and Spin-down Regimes
Authors: Ireland Lewis G. , Matt Sean P. , Zanni Claudio
Published: April 2022

The magnetic interaction between a classical T Tauri star and its surrounding accretion disk is thought to influence its rotational evolution. We use 2.5D magnetohydrodynamic, axisymmetric simulations of star-disk interaction, computed via the PLUTO code, to calculate the net torque acting on these stars. We divide the net torque into three contributions: accretion (spin-up), stellar winds (spin-down), and magnetospheric ejections (MEs) (spin-up or down). In Paper I, we explored interaction regimes in which the stellar magnetosphere truncates the inner disk at a location spinning faster than the star, resulting in a strong net spin-up contribution from accretion and MEs (“steady accretion” regime). In this paper, we investigate interaction regimes in which the truncation radius gets closer to and even exceeds corotation, where it is possible for the disk material to gain angular momentum and be periodically ejected by the centrifugal barrier (“propeller” regime). This reduces the accretion torque, can change the sign of the ME torque, and can result in a net stellar spin-down configuration. These results suggest it is possible to have a net spin-down stellar torque even for truncation radii within the corotation radius (R
t ≳ 0.7R
co). We fit semi-analytic functions for the truncation radius, and the torque associated with star-disk interaction (i.e., the sum of accretion and ME torques) and stellar wind, allowing for the prediction of the net stellar torque for a parameter regime covering both net spin-up and spin-down configurations, as well as the possibility of investigating rotational evolution via 1D stellar evolution codes.