bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Controllable synthesis of Ir(Rh)–Sn/SiO2 bimetallic catalysts via surface organometallic chemistry for the production of ethanol from hydrogenolysis of ethyl acetate
Authors: Xu Rui , Lian Kunbo , Xu Zhikang , Yue Yuanyuan , Yuan Pei , Bao Xiaojun , Yuan Xiaohong , Zhu Haibo
Published: December 2019

A series of highly active Ir–Sn/SiO2 and Rh–Sn/SiO2 catalysts for ethyl acetate hydrogenolysis to ethanol were prepared from the grafting synthesis based on the surface organometallic chemistry concept.
High fat diet incorporated with meat proteins changes biomarkers of lipid metabolism, antioxidant activities, and the serum metabolomic profile in Glrx1−/− mice
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad Ijaz , Umair Ijaz Muhammad , Hussain Muzahir , Ali Khan Iftikhar , Mehmood Noreen , Siddiqi Sultan Mehmood , Liu Congcong , Zhao Di , Xu Xinglian , Zhou Guanghong , Li Chunbao
Published: December 2019

High-fat mutton protein diet may alter lipid-, linoleic acid-, amino acid-, bile acid-, sphingolipid-, glycine-, serine- and glutathione-metabolism pathways in Glrx−/− mice whereas HFF diet ameliorated NAFLD by modifying these pathways.
Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa cv. Romina) methanolic extract promotes browning in 3T3-L1 cells
Authors: Forbes-Hernández Tamara Y. , Cianciosi Danila , Ansary Johura , Mezzetti Bruno , Bompadre Stefano , Quiles Josè L. , Giampieri Francesca , Battino Maurizio
Published: December 2019

The conversion of white adipocytes to brown-like adipocytes by pharmacological and dietary compounds has gained attention as an effective strategy to fight obesity.
Soyasaponins A1 and A2 exert anti-atherosclerotic functionalities by decreasing hypercholesterolemia and inflammation in high fat diet (HFD)-fed ApoE−/− mice
Authors: Xie Qunying , Xiong Fei , Wu Xinglong , Chen Junbin , Gu Xiangfu , Su Chuhong , Xiao Lingyu , Zheng Zhongdaixi , Wei Yuanhao , Ullah Hidayat , Zha Longying
Published: December 2019

To the best of our knowledge, this study firstly shows that soyasaponins (A1 & A2) exhibit antiatherosclerotic bioactivities by improving the serum lipid profile and reducing TLR4-/MyD88-/NF-κB-mediated inflammations in high fat diet-fed ApoE−/− mice.
A highly selective and sensitive fluorescent probe based on the chromone fluorophore for imaging hydrogen sulfide in living cells
Authors: Hou Fei , Zhu Li , Zhang Hongyi , Qiao Zhen , Wei Ningning , Zhang Yanru
Published: December 2019

A fluorescent probe that was designed based on the 6-amino chromone fluorophore for detecting H2S can distinguish H2S from Cys/GSH under acidic conditions.
Alkali-earth metal lead(ii) oxyhalide Ba27Pb8O8Cl54exhibiting interesting [Pb4Ba4O4]8+species
Authors: Li Zhuang , Jiang Xingxing , Xing Wenhao , Lin Zheshuai , Yao Jiyong , Wu Yicheng
Published: December 2019

A novel oxyhalide Ba27Pb8O8Cl54exhibits interesting [Pb4Ba4O4]8+species.
Deciphering the positional impact of chlorine in a new series of berberine analogues towards the superb-selective “turn-on” hydrophobic signaling of bovine serum albumin at physiological pH
Authors: Jana Gopal Chandra , Nayim Sk , Sahoo Nandan Kumar , Das Somnath , Aktara Mt Nasima , Patra Anirudha , Islam Md. Maidul , Hossain Maidul
Published: December 2019

We report a new 9-O-benzyl substituted berberine analogue for the selective detection of BSA with a limit of detection value of 3.30 nM.
Direct observation of the geometric isomer selectivity of a reaction controlled via adsorbed bromine
Authors: Schultz Jeremy F. , Yang Bing , Jiang Nan
Published: December 2019

Methods to improve the specificity of stereoselective reactions are paramount to the viability of reaction-based processes.
Fluorous effect-induced emission of azido substituted poly(vinylidene fluoride) with high photostability and film formation
Authors: Zhang Zhicheng , Xiong Jie , He Gang , Dang Dongfeng , Xie Yunchuan , Wang Qing
Published: December 2019

A family of unconventional fluorescent fluoropolymers have been synthesized, whose emission is attributed to the fluorous effects.
Bistachybotrysins L–V, bioactive phenylspirodrimane dimers from the fungus Stachybotrys chartarum
Authors: Liu Jimei , Jia Xiaona , Zhao Jinlian , Feng Jiamin , Chen Minghua , Chen Ridao , Xie Kebo , Chen Dawei , Li Yan , Zhang Dan , Peng Ying , Si Shuyi , Dai Jungui
Published: December 2019

Bistachybotrysins L–V (1–11), eleven novel dimeric phenylspirodrimanes, were isolated from the fungus Stachybotrys chartarum CGMCC 3.5365.
Historical Perspective of “How Did We Get Here and Where Are We Going” in the Rehabilitation of Patients With Vestibular Hypofunction
Authors: Herdman Susan J.
Published: December 2019

Purpose

Vestibular rehabilitation for patients with vestibular hypofunction is a relatively new clinical specialty, with effective therapies developing over the last 40 years for the most common peripheral vestibular disorders. This chapter illustrates the evolution of treatments used for the wide variety of vestibular disorders that we now recognize and takes us back to the origins of some of the assessment tools that we use to make a diagnosis. The chapter will also explore the current status of this field and the potential areas into which vestibular rehabilitation may grow.

Conclusions

In reality, the origins of various treatments date back almost 100 years, and the development of assessment tools dates back several hundred years. Today, as physical and occupational therapists who specialize in the management of people with dizziness and vestibular disorders and audiologists who test and analyze the function of the vestibular system, we do so with the confidence that our efforts will be beneficial to the patient. This is largely because of the availability of clinical research—systematic analyses of published research and clinical practice guidelines that support the decisions that we make about diagnoses and treatment. It is important to remember, however, that the skills now used in vestibular rehabilitation are based on generations of observation, deduction, and opinion that gradually evolved into the body of knowledge that we have today.
Vestibular Rehabilitation
Authors: Shepard Neil T.
Published: December 2019

Purpose

In this introduction, the author introduces the reader to two articles that cover the basic area of vestibular and balance rehabilitation therapy (VBRT). The articles explain some of the uses of VBRT but not the techniques of how to establish such a program for a patient with dizziness and balance disorders.

Conclusion

The audiologist needs to be familiar with the various uses of VBRT and the techniques for identification and treatment of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. However, without the audiologist undergoing further specific musculoskeletal training, the remainder of VBRT should occur in the physical therapy arena.
Thoracodorsal Artery Perforator and Superior Epigastric Artery Perforator Flaps for Volume Replacement Oncoplastic Breast Surgery
Authors: Jaiswal Dushyant , Yadav Prabha Subhash , Shankhdhar Vinay Kant , Belgaumwala Tasneem Jaffer
Published: December 2019

Introduction Breast conservation therapy (BCT) and oncoplastic breast surgery (OBS) are now established modalities of treatment for breast cancer, with proven oncological safety. Traditionally, latissimus dorsi (LD) flaps have been the one-stop solution workhorse when volume replacement is needed. We present our experience with thoracodorsal artery perforator (TDAP) and superior epigastric artery perforator (SEAP) flaps. These flaps allow the preservation of muscle structure and function.

Material and Methods Data were collected prospectively of patients in whom pedicled perforator flaps after BCT were used. A handheld 8-MHz audio Doppler was used to locate the perforators. TDAP flaps were used in four patients, whereas SEAP flaps were used in two patients. Skin paddle sizes ranged from 10 × 3 cm to 21 × 7 cm.

Results TDAP flaps were used in four patients, whereas SEAP flaps were used in two patients All flaps survived. No flap had partial necrosis or fat necrosis. All donor sites were closed primarily and healed uneventfully, and none had a seroma requiring aspiration.

Conclusion TDAP flaps can be selectively employed when the LD muscle function needs to be preserved. SEAP flaps can also be employed as a rare option in case of lower inner quadrant defects. Pedicled perforator flaps are a useful and reliable option for volume replacement OBS in select patients for reconstructing partial mastectomy defects.
“Door-In to Door-Out” Delay in Patients with Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Transferred for Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in a Metropolitan STEMI Network of a Developing Country
Authors: Dakota Iwan , Dharma Surya , Andriantoro Hananto , Firdaus Isman , Danny Siska Suridanda , Zamroni Dian , Radi Basuni
Published: December 2019

Routine performance measures of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) within an ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) network are needed to improve care.

We evaluated the door-in to door-out (DI–DO) delays at the initial hospitals in STEMI patients as a routine performance measure of the metropolitan STEMI network.

We retrospectively analyzed the DI–DO time from 1,076 patients with acute STEMI who were transferred by ground ambulance to a primary PCI center for primary PCI between 4 October 2014 and 1 April 2019. Correlation analysis between DI–DO times and total ischemia time was performed using Spearman's test. Logistic regression analyses were used to find variables associated with a longer DI–DO time.

Median DI–DO time was 180 minutes (25th percentile to 75th percentile: 120–252 minutes). DI–DO time showed a positive correlation with total ischemia time (r = 0.4, p < 0.001). The median door-to-device time at the PCI center was 70 minutes (25th percentile to 75th percentile: 58–88 minutes). Multivariate analysis showed that women patients were independently associated with DI–DO time > 120 minutes (odds ratio 1.55, 95% confidence interval 1.03 to 2.33, p = 0.03).

The DI–DO time reported in this study has not reached the guideline recommendation. To improve the overall performance of primary PCI in the region, interventions aimed at improving the DI–DO time at the initial hospitals and specific threat for women patients with STEMI are possibly the best efforts in improving the total ischemia time.
Indian Subcontinent’s First Bilateral Supracondylar Level Upper Limb Transplantation
Authors: Sharma Mohit , Iyer Subramania , P. Kishore , Mathew Jimmy , R. Janarthanan , Maharaja Nirav , Dhake Swapnil , Omkumar Akshay , Joe Thomas , Sharma Dimpy , Kapathia Radhika , Harijee Ankita , Reddy Srilekha , Paul Jerry , Rajan Sunil , Kurian George , Paul Zacharia , Shaji Druvan , Babu Balu C. , Sharma Anubhav
Published: December 2019

Introduction This is the first case of supracondylar level transplant from the Indian subcontinent, performed for a bilateral below elbow amputee. It has a completely different set of challenges for the transplant team, with a relatively shorter ischemia time window.

The technical considerations for the same have been discussed in detail in this article.

Materials and Methods The patient was a 19-year-old female who lost her both upper limbs at proximal forearm level due to severe crush injury following a road traffic accident. Insufficient bone length on either side necessitated a supracondylar level transplant. The preoperative workup included detailed clinical evaluation, biochemical, and psychological evaluation.

The donor was a young brain-dead, male patient from a hospital, 30 minutes away. The donor and recipient preparations in this case were unique. The recipient’s own elbow flexors and extensors were used while the elbow joint was from the donor. The specific challenges we faced during this procedure have been described in detail.

Results The transplantation has been a complete technical success, with the patient rehabilitated back to her independent life style. This article describes only the technical considerations. The functional recovery aspect is part of an another soon to be published manuscript.

Conclusion Supracondylar level arm-transplant requires a highly coordinated team effort with precise preoperative planning, along with meticulous attention to detail to achieve a successful outcome. In properly selected patients, it could be a life-changing procedure, worth all the effort.
Indian Subcontinent’s First Proximal Forearm Level Double Upper Extremity Transplantation
Authors: Sharma Mohit , Iyer Subramania , Purushottaman Kishore , Vijayaraghavan Sundeep , Matthew Jimmy , Dudipala Raghuveer Reddy , Ramu Janarthanan , Paul Jerry , Rajan Sunil , Verma Vishak , Chaudary Ashish , Dhake Swapnil , Omkumar Akshay , Kapahtia Radhika , Sharma Dimpy , Maharaja Nirav ,   Anwar,   Meera,   Dhruvan,   Arun,   Arjun
Published: December 2019

Introduction Vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) has added another step to the reconstructive ladder, leading to a paradigm shift in the approach toward management of cases of upper limb amputations. In this article, we discuss in detail the technical aspects of proximal forearm level transplantation, as well as the immediate posttransplant monitoring and immunosuppression protocols.

Materials and Methods A 24-year-old male victim of an electric injury presented with a bilateral proximal forearm level amputation. After the mandatory preoperative psychiatric and immunological evaluation, the patient underwent a proximal forearm level double upper extremity transplantation. He was then put on a stringent immunosuppression and physical rehabilitative regime.

Discussion Conceptually, the proximal forearm level transplantation is significantly different from distal forearm level transplant. This transplant “reestablishes” the “donor extremity length,” maintains the normal functional length of the donor muscles, and the functional return happens only after the newly transplanted donor muscles are reinnervated over a period of time.

Conclusion As the sequence of surgical repair and associated decision making could be quite confusing for this level of transplantation, it is highly advisable to do mock cadaver surgical dissections in order to standardize the procedure and make the team familiar with it.
Two Doses of Intravenous Tranexamic Acid Offers No Benefit over One Dose in Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Charette Ryan S. , Bernstein Jenna A. , Sloan Matthew , Nchako Corbyn M. , Kamath Atul F. , Nelson Charles L.
Published: December 2019

Tranexamic acid (TXA) has been shown to reduce blood loss and transfusions in total hip arthroplasty (THA). There is no consensus on the ideal number of doses that best reduces blood loss while limiting complications. Our study compared one versus two doses of intravenous TXA in primary THA and its effect on blood transfusion rate. We retrospectively reviewed patients undergoing primary THA at our two high-volume arthroplasty centers from 2013 to 2016. Patients were included if they underwent unilateral primary THA, and received one or two doses of TXA. Patients receiving therapeutic anticoagulation were excluded. Our primary outcome measure was postoperative transfusion rate. Secondary outcomes included blood loss, length of stay (LOS), rate of deep vein thrombosis/pulmonary embolism (DVT/PE), readmission, and reoperation. A total of 1,273 patients were included; 843 patients received one dose of TXA and 430 patients received two TXA doses. Univariate analysis demonstrated no significant difference in transfusion rate when administering one versus two doses. There was no significant difference in LOS, or rates of DVT/PE, readmission, and reoperation. When comparing patients receiving aspirin prophylaxis, there was a significantly decreased blood volume loss with two doses (1,360 vs. 1,266 mL, mean difference = 94 mL; p = 0.017). In patients, undergoing primary unilateral THA, there is no difference in postoperative transfusion rate with one or two doses of intravenous TXA. There was no difference in thromboembolic events. Given the added cost without clear benefit, these findings support one rather than two doses of TXA during primary THA.
Exact mapping between charge-monopole and position-dependent effective mass systems via Pauli equation
Authors: de Jesus Anderson L. , Schmidt Alexandre G. M.
Published: December 2019

The main purpose of this work is to reproduce a quantum system charge-monopole utilizing position-dependent effective mass (PDM) system in the nonrelativistic regime via the Pauli equation. In this case, we substitute the exact charge-monopole wavefunction into the free PDM Pauli equation and then solve it for the mass distribution considering a radial dependence only, i.e., M = M(r). The resulting equations are nonlinear, and in such cases, we were able to numerically solve them, fixing θ0 and considering specific values of μ and m satisfying a given condition. The mapping was studied for eigenvalues starting from the minimal value j = μ − 1/2.
A coaxial film capacitor with a novel structure to enhance its flashover performance
Authors: Chen Zhi-Qiang , Ji Sheng-Chang , Jia Wei , Zhu Xiang-Qin , Liang Tian-Xue , Guo Fan , He Xiao-Ping , Wu Wei
Published: December 2019

As one of the key components of an electromagnetic pulse simulator, the peaking capacitor is coaxially constructed with a laminate structure utilizing alternative thin metal rings and polymer film dielectrics, which is designed as a part of the antenna. This paper presents a coaxial film capacitor with a novel structure to improve its flashover performance. First, the relationship between the capacitance and the capacitor’s structural parameters are deduced, and a theoretical basis of lengthening the polymer film dielectrics to enhance the flashover performance is discussed. Based on the theoretical analysis, two 150 pF, 3-layer coaxial film capacitors with different extended lengths for the polymer film dielectrics (10 and 60 mm) are designed and developed. For the capacitor with a 60 mm extended film dielectric, the polymethylmethacrylate rings are adhered to the thin metal rings to support the polymer film dielectrics using a soft adhesive. Electric field analyses show that a longer extended length could decrease the surface field at the edge of the polymer film dielectric by as much as 93%. Comparative insulation experiments show that the flashover voltage for the improved capacitor is 89.9% higher than the original one. The influence of the capacitor’s polymer extensions (including the polymer supporting rings and the film dielectrics) on the radiating field of a cone antenna is analyzed numerically, and the results show that only slight changes are introduced into the radiating field. Finally, a designed 350 pF, 20-layer coaxial film capacitor with lengthened film dielectrics is presented.
A parametric method for correcting polluted plasma current signal and its application on Keda Torus eXperiment
Authors: Deng Tijian , Lan Tao , Wu Jie , Tan Mingsheng , Xu Hangqi , Zhu Junfeng , Chen Chen , Adil Yolbarsop , Zhang Sen , Wu Jiaren , Zu Yiming , Mao Wenzhe , Li Hong , Xie Jinlin , Liu Ahdi , Liu Zixi , Wu Zhengwei , Wang Hai , Wen Xiaohui , Zhou Haiyang , Wei Zian , Xiao Chijin , Ding Weixing , Zhuang Ge , Liu Wandong
Published: December 2019

We have developed a parametric method for eliminating the background component of the plasma current, which is measured by a Rogowski coil and polluted by the toroidal magnetic field in the vacuum vessel of the Keda Torus eXperiment (KTX) reversed field pinch (RFP) device. The method considers the toroidal magnetic field windings, the KTX vacuum chamber, and the Rogowski coil as a linear time-invariant system; in this case, a constant frequency response function characterizes the system. Using this response function, the current component caused by pollution from the toroidal magnetic field can be predicted exactly for an arbitrary input current to the toroidal magnetic field windings. Compared with the traditional proportional compensation method, the proposed method has great flexibility and universality and it is potentially applicable to cases in which the toroidal field current signal changes over time with plasma feedback signals. Furthermore, the method can be applied to other similarly affected signals, such as magnetic field signals. As an example, we have corrected the poloidal and toroidal magnetic field signals better to reveal the true physical processes for the RFP state.
Thin glass micro-dome structure based microlens fabricated by accurate thermal expansion of microcavities
Authors: Aishan Yusufu , Yalikun Yaxiaer , Amaya Satoshi , Shen Yigang , Tanaka Yo
Published: December 2019

We present an efficient fabrication technique for a glass microdome structure (GMDS) based on the microthermal expansion principle, by inflating the microcavities confined between two thin glass slides. This technique allows controlling the height, diameter, and shape of the GMDS with a uniformity under 5%. The GMDS has a high potential for the application of the microlens and lens array. This inflated hollow, thin glass structure is stable at extreme environments such as in strong acid and high temperature conditions. More importantly, the hollow microdome can be filled with liquid substances to further extend its applications. To verify our method, various GMDSs were fabricated under different process conditions, at different temperatures (540 °C–600 °C), microcavity diameters (300 μm–600 μm), glass thicknesses (120 μm–240 μm), and microcavity etching depths (25 μm–70 μm). The optical features of “empty” and “filled” microcavities were investigated. An empty microcavity functioned as a reducing lens (0.61×–0.9×) (meniscus lens), while a filled microcavity functioned as a magnifying lens (1.31×–1.65×) (biconvex lens). In addition, both lenses worked in strong acid (sulfuric acid) and high temperature (over 300 °C) conditions in which other materials of lenses cannot be used.
Phonon variations in nano-crystalline lutetium sesquioxide under the influence of varying temperature and pressure
Authors: Bura Neha , Yadav Deepa , Singh Jasveer , Sharma Nita Dilawar
Published: December 2019

This manuscript reports temperature-dependent Raman studies on nanocrystalline lutetium sesquioxide for a temperature range of 80–420 K. Phase stability under pressure was also investigated up to a pressure of about 15.6 GPa, primarily to deduce the mode Grüneisen parameters, which were further used to estimate the anharmonic parameters under the influence of varying sample temperature. The characterization at ambient revealed the cubic phase and nanocrystalline nature of the sample. The variation in the Raman shift and FWHM studied with an increase in temperature revealed that a few new peaks started developing above about 220 K, which were, unexpectedly, found to be due to the cubic phase of the material. On the other hand, it was observed that with an increase in pressure, the cubic phase peaks appear to be destabilized and new broad bands started to develop. However, until the highest studied pressure of 15.6 GPa, a defined structural phase transition was not observed. The estimated anharmonic constants demonstrated the predominance of the three phonon process in phonon decay as a function of temperature.
Designing and preparing for a 288○C heat resistant and inhibition of gas production resin matrix nuclear radiation shielding material
Authors: Hu Guang , Hu Huasi , Sun Weiqiang , Yan Yihong , Yan Mingfei
Published: December 2019

A resin matrix nuclear radiation shielding material for performing in high temperature is designed and prepared, which consists of epoxy resin, elemental boron, tungsten carbide, and graphene oxide. It was manufactured under room temperature, but it can be serviced below 288 °C, and the gas production could be retained while working. The material will be applied to a land nuclear reactor, transportable nuclear reactor, or macronuclear reactor as a neutron and gamma ray shielding material. The component of the material was designed by a genetic algorithm in combination with the Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport (MCNP) software. Several blocks of the material were prepared. The TG/DTG/DSC (Thermogravimetric analysis, Derivative Thermogravimetry, and Differential Scanning Calorimeter) experiment was performed with the outgas of CO2, NH3, and H2O from the material being observed. The shielding performance of the material was examined by the MCNP software and compared with polyethylene and concrete, which, respectively, work below 90 °C and 60 °C. The scanning electron microscope experiment of the material was carried out, and the results are presented.
Strong long-range perpendicular exchange bias across a spacer layer
Authors: Pan Chunjiao , An Hongyu , Harumoto Takashi , Zhang Zhengjun , Nakamura Yoshio , Shi Ji
Published: December 2019

The perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) and perpendicular exchange bias (PEB) have been investigated in a CoPt/spacer/FeMn heterostructure by inserting Ta and Pt as spacer layers, respectively. First, we show that strong PMA can be obtained in (111)-oriented A1-CoPt single layer and CoPt/FeMn bilayer films on MgO (111) substrates. Then we demonstrate that the Ta and Pt spacer layers have largely different effects on the PMA and PEB of the CoPt/spacer/FeMn films. By increasing the thickness of the Ta spacer layer to 1 nm, the PMA and PEB drastically decrease. While, in the case of Pt, the PMA and PEB increase first, then slightly decrease. When the Pt spacer layer is 1 nm, a value of 85 Oe of the long-range PEB still can be obtained. The possible mechanisms were discussed to explain the different trends of PMA and PEB. Since Ta and Pt are the generally used materials in the spintronics, our study provides a piece of information for the control of the magnetic anisotropy and exchange bias in the current-induced magnetization switching of ferromagnet without external magnetic field.
Up-down asymmetric exact solutions to the Navier-Stokes equations
Authors: Bogoyavlenskij Oleg
Published: December 2019

Exact up-down asymmetric solutions to the Navier-Stokes equations for a viscous and incompressible fluid with time-dependent viscosity ν(t) are derived. Transformations of the exact solutions are defined that produce an infinite sequence of new solutions from each known one. The solutions are presented in terms of elementary functions and have no singularities. Three infinite-dimensional families of new exact axisymmetric unsteady solutions to the viscous magnetohydrodynamics equations are derived. Dynamics of vortex rings and vortex blobs is studied for some exact up-down asymmetric incompressible viscous fluid flows and viscous plasma flows.
Steady flow of pressure-driven water-in-oil droplets in closed-open-closed microchannels
Authors: Wang Linjue , Niu Chenqi , Zhang Chong , Wang Zheyao
Published: December 2019

Open microfluidics is an emerging field of bio/medical applications that need direct energy/matter exchange between microfluids and environment. This paper presents the design, simulation, fabrication, and test of a microfluidic chip for a water-in-oil (WiO) two-phase flow in closed-open-closed microchannels. The chip, fabricated from PDMS using soft lithography, consists of a flow-focusing structure for WiO droplet generation and a long closed-open-closed channel for droplet flow. A negative pressure applied to the end of the channel is used as the driving force for WiO droplets to flow through the open channel. It is found that the negative pressure that is capable of driving a steady flow for a given flow rate, without overflow and air suction, falls into a pressure range instead of being an exact value. The mechanism for the pressure range is investigated theoretically and experimentally and is attributed to the surface tension. Yeast cells have been incorporated in the droplets, and the successful flow through the open channels verifies the function of the chips.
Influence of electric polarization on Coulomb blockade in a super-paraelectric clusters assembly
Authors: Kengni-Zanguim Brice , Najjari Nabil , Doudin Bernard , Henry Yves , Halley David
Published: December 2019

We study electron transport in an assembly of epitaxial Cr2O3 nanoparticles embedded in a MgO tunnel barrier: an unusual variation in the Coulomb blockade charging energy is observed as a function of the size of the clusters. In striking contrast to the expected increase in charging energy when decreasing the cluster size, an almost constant behavior is observed. We argue here that the spontaneous superparaelectric moment carried by the cluster core is the origin of this unusual behavior since it drives the dielectric constant in this cluster assembly. This phenomenon could be exploited to fabricate devices with single valued Coulomb blockade energy despite a statistical dispersion in the cluster size.
Temperature-dependent band gap characteristics of Bi12SiO20 single crystals
Authors: Isik M. , Delice S. , Gasanly N. M. , Darvishov N. H. , Bagiev V. E.
Published: December 2019

Bi12SiO20 single crystals have attracted interest due to their remarkable photorefractive characteristics. Since bandgap and refractive index are related theoretically to each other, it takes much attention to investigate temperature dependency of bandgap energy to understand the behavior of photorefractive crystals. The present study aims at investigating structural and optical characteristics of photorefractive Bi12SiO20 single crystals grown by the Czochralski method. The structural characterization methods indicated that atomic composition ratios of constituent elements were well-matched with the chemical compound Bi12SiO20, and grown crystals have a cubic crystalline structure. Optical properties of crystals were investigated by room temperature Raman spectroscopy and temperature-dependent transmission measurements between 10 and 300 K. The analyses of transmittance spectra by absorption coefficient and derivative spectrophotometry techniques resulted in energy bandgaps decreasing from 2.61 to 2.48 eV and 2.64 to 2.53 eV as temperature was increased from 10 to 300 K. The Varshni model was applied to analyze temperature-bandgap energy dependency.
Identification of important normal modes in nonadiabatic dynamics simulations by coherence, correlation, and frequency analyses
Authors: Mai Sebastian , González Leticia
Published: December 2019

Nonadiabatic dynamics simulations of molecules with a large number of nuclear degrees of freedom become increasingly feasible, but there is still a need to extract from such simulations a small number of most important modes of nuclear motion, for example, to obtain general insight or to construct low-dimensional model potentials for further simulations. Standard techniques for this dimensionality reduction employ statistical methods that identify the modes that account for the largest variance in nuclear positions. However, large-amplitude motion is not necessarily a good proxy for the influence of a mode on the electronic wave function evolution. Hence, we report three analysis techniques aimed at extracting from surface hopping nonadiabatic dynamics simulations the vibrational modes that are most strongly affected by the electronic excitation and that most significantly affect the interaction of the electronic states. The first technique identifies coherent nuclear motion after excitation from the ratio between total variance and variance of the average trajectory. The second strategy employs linear regression to find normal modes that have a statistically significant effect on excitation energies, energy gaps, or wave function overlaps. The third approach uses time-frequency analysis to find normal modes, where the vibrational frequencies change during the dynamics simulation. All three techniques are applied to the case of surface hopping trajectories of [Re(CO)3(Im)(Phen)]+ (Im = imidazole; Phen = 1,10-phenanthroline), but we also discuss how these techniques could be extended to other nonadiabatic dynamics methods. For [Re(CO)3(Im)(Phen)]+, it is shown that the nonadiabatic dynamics is dominated by a small number of carbonyl and phenanthroline in-plane stretch modes.
Switching of behavior: From hyperchaotic to controlled magnetoconvection model
Authors: Ayub Javeria , Aqeel Muhammad , Abbasi Javeria Nawaz , Sunny Danish Ali , Rana Zainab
Published: December 2019

The switching of behavior, from the hyperchaotic to controlled magnetoconvection model, is studied by a feedback control technique. The magnetoconvection model shows hyperchaotic oscillations for different values of parameters: Rayleigh number r, Chandrasekhar number Q, and diffusivity ratio l. Chaotic responses of the magnetoconvection model are considered through boundedness and Lyapunov exponents to specify the place where the controller needs to be applied. The controller for the magnetoconvection model is calculated by using the concept of the Lie derivative, which is the most significant facet of control analytical techniques. Speed and dislocated feedback techniques are also utilized with the consideration of stability analysis through feedback gains. To show the advantages of the feedback control technique, we give a comparison with other control techniques such as speed and dislocated feedback techniques. Simulation results indicate that the analytical strategy for controlling the oscillation is effective and controlled within a small duration of time.
Application of harmonics imaging to focal spot measurements of the “PETAL” laser
Authors: Raffestin D. , Boutoux G. , Blanchot N. , Batani D. , D’Humières E. , Moreno Q. , Longhi T. , Coïc H. , Granet F. , Rault J. , Liberatore C. , Jakubowska K. , Tikhonchuk V.
Published: December 2019

By using numerical simulations and experimental campaigns on a small-scale laser facility, the concept of the focal spot imaging on harmonics of laser frequency is developed and implemented on the Laser MegaJoule (LMJ)/PETawatt Aquitaine Laser (PETAL) facility. The Two/Three ω Imaging System was activated and validated during the first 2017–2019 interaction campaigns of PETAL on the LMJ. It provides major information on focal spot characteristics on a target. Such an approach could be easily applied to any high-intensity facility in the relativistic intensity regime (>1018 W cm−2).
Growth of PdCoO2 by ozone-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy
Authors: Sun Jiaxin , Barone Matthew R. , Chang Celesta S. , Holtz Megan E. , Paik Hanjong , Schubert Jürgen , Muller David A. , Schlom Darrell G.
Published: December 2019

We report the in situ, direct epitaxial synthesis of (0001)-oriented PdCoO2 thin films on c-plane sapphire using ozone-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy. The resulting films have smoothness, structural perfection, and electrical characteristics that rival the best in situ grown PdCoO2 thin films in the literature. Metallic conductivity is observed in PdCoO2 films as thin as ∼2.0 nm. The PdCoO2 films contain 180° in-plane rotation twins. Scanning transmission electron microscopy reveals that the growth of PdCoO2 on the (0001) surface of Al2O3 begins with the CoO2 layer.
Plasmonic-induced overgrowth of amorphous molybdenum sulfide on nanoporous gold: An ambient synthesis method of hybrid nanoparticles with enhanced electrocatalytic activity
Authors: Phan-Quang Gia Chuong , Yang Zhe , Koh Charlynn Sher Lin , Sim Howard Yi Fan , Leong Shi Xuan , Ling Xing Yi
Published: December 2019

Hybrid materials of earth abundant transition metal dichalcogenides and noble metal nanoparticles, such as molybdenum sulfide (MoSx) and gold nanoparticles, exhibit synergistic effects that can enhance electrocatalytic reactions. However, most current hybrid MoSx-gold synthesis requires an energy intensive heat source of >500 °C or chemical plating to achieve deposition of MoSx on the gold surface. Herein, we demonstrate the direct overgrowth of MoSx over colloidal nanoporous gold (NPG), conducted feasibly under ambient conditions, to form hybrid particles with enhanced electrocatalytic performance toward hydrogen evolution reaction. Our strategy exploits the localized surface plasmon resonance-mediated photothermal heating of NPG to achieve >230 °C surface temperature, which induces the decomposition of the (NH4)2MoS4 precursor and direct overgrowth of MoSx over NPG. By tuning the concentration ratio between the precursor and NPG, the amount of MoSx particles deposited can be systematically controlled from 0.5% to 2% of the Mo/(Au + Mo) ratio. Importantly, we find that the hybrid particles exhibit higher bridging and an apical S to terminal S atomic ratio than pure molybdenum sulfide, which gives rise to their enhanced electrocatalytic performance for hydrogen evolution reaction. We demonstrate that hybrid MoSx-NPG exhibits >30 mV lower onset potential and a 1.7-fold lower Tafel slope as compared to pure MoSx. Our methodology provides an energy- and cost-efficient synthesis pathway, which can be extended to the synthesis of various functional hybrid structures with unique properties for catalysis and sensing applications.
Direct route to reproducing pair distribution functions with coarse-grained models via transformed atomistic cross correlations
Authors: Wörner Svenja J. , Bereau Tristan , Kremer Kurt , Rudzinski Joseph F.
Published: December 2019

Coarse-grained (CG) models are often parameterized to reproduce one-dimensional structural correlation functions of an atomically detailed model along the degrees of freedom governing each interaction potential. While cross correlations between these degrees of freedom inform the optimal set of interaction parameters, the correlations generated from the higher-resolution simulations are often too complex to act as an accurate proxy for the CG correlations. Instead, the most popular methods determine the interaction parameters iteratively while assuming that individual interactions are uncorrelated. While these iterative methods have been validated for a wide range of systems, they also have disadvantages when parameterizing models for multicomponent systems or when refining previously established models to better reproduce particular structural features. In this work, we propose two distinct approaches for the direct (i.e., noniterative) parameterization of a CG model by adjusting the high-resolution cross correlations of an atomistic model in order to more accurately reflect correlations that will be generated by the resulting CG model. The derived models more accurately describe the low-order structural features of the underlying AA model while necessarily generating inherently distinct cross correlations compared with the atomically detailed reference model. We demonstrate the proposed methods for a one-site-per-molecule representation of liquid water, where pairwise interactions are incapable of reproducing the true tetrahedral solvation structure. We then investigate the precise role that distinct cross-correlation features play in determining the correct pair correlation functions, evaluating the importance of the placement of correlation features as well as the balance between features appearing in different solvation shells.
Analysis of the characteristics of traveling wave ultrasonic motor considering the structural stiffness of the preload structure
Authors: Jian Lei , Wang Junshan , Chen Chao
Published: December 2019

By analyzing the contact mechanism between the stator and rotor, this study demonstrates that the prepressure on the rotor is not a constant value because of the structural stiffness of the preload structure. In addition, this study explains the driving mechanism of the traveling wave ultrasonic motor under unsteady prepressure and deduces a dynamic model considering the structural stiffness of the preload structure. Furthermore, the relationship between the speed characteristics of the motor and the structural stiffness of the preload structure is obtained through model simulation. The simulation results are found to be in good agreement with the experimental results, which demonstrates the correctness of the dynamic model. Moreover, the output characteristics of the motor can be improved by designing an appropriate structural stiffness of the preload structure.
High efficiency, high color rendering index white organic light-emitting diodes based on thermally activated delayed fluorescence materials
Authors: Li Zhiyi , Li Bowen , Wei Xiaofang , Liu Jianjun , Wang Ruifang , Hu Xiaoxiao , Liu Guanhao , Gao Honglei , Zhang Yong , Lee Chun-Sing , Wang Pengfei , Wang Ying
Published: December 2019

High efficiency white organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs) with simple device architecture are desirable for next-generation light sources. However, it is still challenging in the construction of high-performance WOLEDs with a simple device structure. Based on a thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) blue emitter 2SPAc-MPM and a TADF yellow emitter TXO-TPA, high performance two-color WOLEDs with simple device architecture are demonstrated. Benefiting from efficient energy transfer and wide coverage over the visible spectrum, optimized WOLED devices that have a single emitting layer (s-EML) provide a maximum color rendering index (CRI) and maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 78.1 and 21.8%, respectively. More importantly, with multiple emitting layers (m-EMLs), a maximum EQE of 14.5% and a high CRI of 90.7 can be achieved. These results are among the best for the two-color WOLEDs with two TADF emitters.
Chaos in Hamiltonian systems subjected to parameter drift
Authors: Jánosi Dániel , Tél Tamás
Published: December 2019

Based on the example of a paradigmatic low-dimensional Hamiltonian system subjected to different scenarios of parameter drifts of non-negligible rates, we show that the dynamics of such systems can best be understood by following ensembles of initial conditions corresponding to tori of the initial system. When such ensembles are followed, toruslike objects called snapshot tori are obtained, which change their location and shape. In their center, one finds a time-dependent, snapshot elliptic orbit. After some time, many of the tori break up and spread over large regions of the phase space; however, one may find some smaller tori, which remain as closed curves throughout the whole scenario. We also show that the cause of torus breakup is the collision with a snapshot hyperbolic orbit and the surrounding chaotic sea, which forces the ensemble to adopt chaotic properties. Within this chaotic sea, we demonstrate the existence of a snapshot horseshoe structure and a snapshot saddle. An easily visualizable condition for torus breakup is found in relation to a specific snapshot stable manifold. The average distance of nearby pairs of points initiated on an original torus at first hardly changes in time but crosses over into an exponential growth when the snapshot torus breaks up. This new phase can be characterized by a novel type of a finite-time Lyapunov exponent, which depends both on the torus and on the scenario followed. Tori not broken up are shown to be the analogs of coherent vortices in fluid flows of arbitrary time dependence, and the condition for breakup can also be demonstrated by the so-called polar rotation angle method.
Characterization of the function spaces associated with weighted Sobolev spaces of the first order on the real line
Authors: Prokhorov D. V. , Stepanov V. D. , Ushakova E. P.
Published: December 2019

A brief survey of results on the characterization of the spaces associated with given classes of function spaces is presented. It is shown that the situation differs in general for ideal and non-ideal spaces. In the second case the notion of associated space splits into two. In the main body of the text a complete description is given of the function spaces associated with weighted Sobolev spaces of the first order on the real line.

Bibliography: 54 titles.
Cubillages of cyclic zonotopes
Authors: Danilov V. I. , Karzanov A. V. , Koshevoy G. A.
Published: December 2019

A survey is given of recent results on fine zonotopal tilings by cubes (briefly, cubillages) of cyclic zonotopes. The main interest of this theory is that it is interrelated with the theory of higher Bruhat orders, as well as with the parallel theory of triangulations of cyclic polytopes and Tamari–Stasheff posets, used in investigations of the Kadomtsev– Petviashvili equations and higher Auslander–Reiten algebras.

Bibliography: 35 titles.
Rescue of tomato spotted wilt virus entirely from complementary DNA clones
Authors: Feng Mingfeng , Cheng Ruixiang , Chen Minglong , Guo Rong , Li Luyao , Feng Zhike , Wu Jianyan , Xie Li , Hong Jian , Zhang Zhongkai , Kormelink Richard , Tao Xiaorong
Published: December 2019

Significance

Although reverse genetics (RG) systems were first developed for animal-infecting viruses with segmented negative-stranded/ambisense RNA genomes over 20 years ago, such a system for plant viruses with segmented negative-stranded/ambisense RNA genomes had not been developed until now. Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), a virus with tripartite negative-stranded/ambisense RNA genomes, is one of the most economically important plant viruses in the world. Many groups have tried to construct infectious clones for TSWV, but all have failed. Here we report the establishment of a RG system for TSWV. Infectious TSWV and derivatives carrying eGFP reporters were rescued entirely from complementary DNA (cDNA) clones. This RG system now provides a powerful platform to study the disease pathology of Tospoviruses during natural infection.
The functionally relevant site for paxilline inhibition of BK channels
Authors: Zhou Yu , Xia Xiao-Ming , Lingle Christopher J.
Published: December 2019

The tremorgenic fungal alkaloid paxilline (PAX) is a commonly used specific inhibitor of the large-conductance, voltage- and Ca2+-dependent BK-type K+channel. PAX inhibits BK channels by selective interaction with closed states. BK inhibition by PAX is best characterized by the idea that PAX gains access to the channel through the central cavity of the BK channel, and that only a single PAX molecule can interact with the BK channel at a time. The notion that PAX reaches its binding site via the central cavity and involves only a single PAX molecule would be consistent with binding on the axis of the permeation pathway, similar to classical open channel block and inconsistent with the observation that PAX selectively inhibits closed channels. To explore the potential sites of interaction of PAX with the BK channel, we undertook a computational analysis of the interaction of PAX with the BK channel pore gate domain guided by recently available liganded (open) and metal-free (closed)AplysiaBK channel structures. The analysis unambiguously identified a preferred position of PAX occupancy that accounts for all previously described features of PAX inhibition, including state dependence, G311 sensitivity, stoichiometry, and central cavity accessibility. This PAX-binding pose in closed BK channels is supported by additional functional results.