bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychometric properties of Polish version of the 36-item WHODAS 2.0 in individuals with fibromyalgia
Authors: Sozańska Agnieszka , Sozański Bernard , Łagowska Anna , Wilmowska-Pietruszyńska Anna , Wiśniowska-Szurlej Agnieszka
Published: March 2024

Fibromyalgia (FM) is chronic, widespread musculoskeletal pain and accompanying fatigue, sleep disturbances, cognitive, psychological, and somatic symptoms. The aim of the study is to assess the psychometric properties of the Polish version of the 36-item WHODAS 2.0 in FM patients. This is a cross-sectional study involving 456 FM polish patients. The World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0) 36-item version, the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) and Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI) were used as an assessment tool in the study. The internal consistency of the 36-item WHODAS 2.0 was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha. Values ranging from 0.824 to 0.951 were obtained. The interclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were very high. Internal structure of the 36-item WHODAS 2.0 was checked with Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). RMSEA = 0.069, CFI = 0.963, TLI = 0.96, SRMR = 0.081 proved exactness of original six-dimensional structure of WHODAS 2.0. External validity was assessed by correlating the 36-item WHODAS 2.0 scores with the scores of two previously validated tools: FIQ and BDI. Positive correlations were obtained between the 36-item WHODAS 2.0 and these tools. Based on the conducted research, it has been shown that the 36-item WHODAS 2.0 is a reliable and valid tool for assessing disability in individuals with FM in Poland.
Allicin-induced AMPK signaling attenuated canonical TGFβ1/SMAD3 pathway-mediated lung fibrosis
Authors: Nakazawa Shun , Hou Jia , Kato Motoyasu , Togo Shinsaku , Arai Yuta , Motomura Hiroaki , Kurata Koichi , Sueyasu Takuto , Hirakawa Haruki , Ochi Yusuke , Sumiyoshi Issei , Watanabe Junko , Hoshi Kazuaki , Ihara Hiroaki , Kadoya Kotaro , Takahashi Kazuhisa
Published: March 2024

Background: Allicin, a natural compound derived from garlic, protects against oxidative stress-mediated tissue inflammation and vascular remodeling. Although these are key processes in lung fibrosis, the effects of allicin on this disease have never been evaluated. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of allicin on lung fibroblast-mediated lung fibrosis and its underlying mechanisms of action.
Methods: The effects of allicin on fibronectin-mediated lung fibroblast migration and the contraction of three-dimensional type I collagen gels were assessed. Furthermore, the anti-fibrotic effect of allicin was evaluated in a mouse model of bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung fibrosis.
Results: Allicin suppressed TGFβ1-stimulated gel contraction and migration as well as α-SMA and fibronectin expression (P < 0.05). Allicin up-regulated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation while suppressing SMAD3 phosphorylation. AMPK inhibitor further stimulated TGFβ1-induced gel contraction and migration (P < 0.05). Allicin suppressed BLM-induced lung fibrosis and lung injury in a mouse model, with substantial reductions in inflammatory cell infiltration in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: Allicin may be a candidate therapeutic agent for lung fibrosis. Furthermore, its effects were mediated by AMPK pathways; these findings may guide further research aimed at the development of fibrosis treatments.
Three-dimensional finite element analysis of occlusal stress on maxillary first molars with different marginal morphologies restored with occlusal veneers
Authors: Chen Qing , Luo Siyang , Wang Yujuan , Chen Zhu , Li Ying , Meng Maohua , Li Yamei , Xiao Nan , Dong Qiang
Published: March 2024

BackgroundAs a relatively new fixed prosthesis method, there are differences in the research results at home and abroad regarding which edge design of occlusal veneers can achieve the best long-term success rate. Further research is needed. The three-dimensional finite element method was used to conduct stress analysis on occlusal veneers of maxillary first permanent molars with different thicknesses and margin preparation designs. The aim of this study was to provide mechanical research evidence and a reference for exploring standardized clinical protocols for the design of occlusal veneer restorations of maxillary first molars.MethodA 3Shape was used to scan the maxillary first molar teeth in vitro, after which 3D printing was performed. Three different edge designs were applied to identical model teeth: straight-beveled finishing line(SFL), chamfer finishing line(CFL), and standard cuspal inclination(SCI). Preparation was carried out with a thickness of 0.5 mm. Using the surface deformation feature, the occlusal veneer was thickened by 0.5 mm and 1.0 mm, and periodontal ligaments were added. They were then placed into the upper and lower jaws and dental arches. Finite element analysis was performed after applying bite force dispersion to the loading area on the mandible following dynamic contact.Results1. As the thickness increased, the maximum von Mises stress in the occlusal veneer increased for both the SFL and CFL, while the SCI exhibited the opposite trend. 2. The trend of the maximum von Mises stress in the adhesive layer decreases gradually with increasing thickness of the occlusal veneer. The stress of the SFL and CFL is concentrated primarily at the edge position below the functional cusp, resulting in relatively low adhesive stress. However, in the SCI group, the maximum stress at the edge of the adhesive layer exceeded the maximum shear strength of commonly used adhesives.ConclusionsUnder the experimental conditions, the mechanical properties of the maximum von Mises stress for the SFL, CFL, and SCI Occlusal veneer met clinical needs. Incorporating the minimally invasive concept of tooth preservation, a thickness of 1.0 mm is optimal for glass ceramic occlusal veneers on maxillary first molars. However.
Urine Alkalinization in Preventing Rhabdomyolysis Induced Acute Kidney Injury and Need for Dialysis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Safari Saeed , Najafi Iraj , Aghili Seyed Hadi , Kerachi Ali Jamshidi , Shahlaee Mohammad Amin , Sadeghi Alireza , Ranjbar Mehri Farhang
Published: March 2024

Introduction:
Urine alkalinization can reduce the toxic effects of myoglobin on renal tubules, but the effects of alkaline hydration on the outcomes of rhabdomyolysis patients are unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the role of alkalinization in preventing rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) and the need for dialysis.
Methods
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis following the PRISMA guideline. We searched for relevant articles in multiple databases, removed duplicates, and screened the remaining articles based on title, abstract, and study criteria. Two researchers independently assessed the remaining studies by reading the full text, and any discrepancies were resolved through discussion. We used the ROBINS-I tool to assess the risk of bias and excluded studies with a critical risk of bias from the final analysis.
Results
Out of 9230 initially identified articles, 5 studies met the inclusion criteria to be entered in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis revealed no significant effectiveness of urine alkalinization in preventing AKI (OR: 2.11 (95% CI: 0.09–47.72), p value: 0.3) or acute renal failure development (OR: 1.26 (95% CI: 0.86–1.84), p value = 0.36) or reducing the need for dialysis (OR: 4.25 (95% CI: 0-3.8e+ 07), p value = 0.25) following rhabdomyolysis.
Conclusion
It seems that, addition of sodium bicarbonate to fluid therapy solution does not significantly protect against AKI, dialysis need, or acute renal failure in rhabdomyolysis patients. Further insight can be gained through conducting controlled randomized clinical trials.
“A life-changing experience and the beginning of a lifelong commitment”: Experiences and Impact of Global Health Community Service-Learning in Undergraduate Dental Curriculum
Authors: Jessani Abbas , Athanasakos Alexia , Kachwinya Samantha
Published: March 2024

Background Global health community-service learning (GHCSL) can have a profound professional and personal impact on learners. This pedagogy provides understanding of unfamiliar environments and challenges them to step out of their comfort zones, adapt to new cultures, and navigate unique situations. Yet, there are relatively few qualitative studies exploring the experiences of learners participating in community service-learning placements in global regions. This current investigation aimed to explore the experiences and impact of the GHCSL program in East Africa among undergraduate dental students at Schulich Dentistry.Methods Eight undergraduate dental learners were enrolled in GHCSL pilot placements. Placement agreements were established with Makerere University in Kampala, Uganda, and the University of Rwanda in Kigali, Rwanda for the summer of 2022. The stakeholders from both institutions were engaged in the development and implementation of these placements. The learners were encouraged to engage in weekly reflection through a ‘storytelling and incident-based narrative’ while carrying out their placement. An inductive interpretive approach was utilized to thematically analyze the learners’ reflective essays.Results Five major themes emerged from the learners’ reflective essays: (1) experiential clinical learning; (2) enhanced cultural and social integration; (3) awareness of contrasting healthcare systems; (4) commitment to service; and (5) personal and professional growth. Most learners reflected on their engagement with diverse communities, being exposed to unique patient cases, and witnessing the adaptability exuded in resource-constrained environments. These experiences presented the learners with an opportunity to develop cultural competence and gain a newfound motivation and dedication to mitigate global oral health disparities in populations beyond that of their local communities. Learners also reflected on enhanced social integration experiences and the awareness of contrasting healthcare systems in Canada and their placements, which encouraged the development of empathy, communication, and compassion skills, as well as an understanding of the disproportionate burden of conditions in resource-constrained communities.Conclusion The reflective essays concluded that the GHCSL placements had a positive impact on the learners, encouraging many to develop a heightened desire for lifelong learning to address oral health disparities within a global context.
Feasibility Study on the Use of the Coplanar Capacitive Sensing Technique for Underwater Non-Destructive Evaluation
Authors: Mwelango Martin , Yin Xiaokang , Zhao Mingrui , Zhang Zhaorui , Han Zongkai , Fan Ruixiang , Ma Pengcheng , Yuan Xin'an , Li Wei
Published: March 2024

Recent advancements in Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) techniques have demonstrated potential in assessing underwater structural integrity. However, evolving maritime structures demand more efficient, user-friendly, and technologically advanced underwater NDE methods. Building on successful applications in air as a medium, this paper explores the feasibility of utilizing coplanar capacitive sensors to gauge structural integrity in underwater environments, drawing on assertions made by pioneering scholars. The study employs simulations, complemented by experimental validation, to assess its viability. With artificial surface defects in both non-conducting and conducting specimens, this study conducts a comprehensive comparison of the performance between the bare-electrode and insulated-electrode Coplanar Capacitive Sensor (CCS). The outcomes affirm the viability of utilizing the technique for underwater NDE. Notably, the study reveals that electrical conductivity is a significantly influential factor, and there are discernible differences in response between the two sensor configurations. The nature of the response in non-conducting materials is intricately tied to the dominant sensitivity value region. However, detecting defects in conducting materials poses a challenge in some instances. Overall, results show that defect detection, characterisation and imaging under water are feasible, thereby emphasizing the techniques potential for underwater NDE. This study broadens underwater NDE knowledge and offers a viable alternative for inspecting structures and equipment in underwater environments.
The Relationship Between the Time and Location Distribution of Falls in Elderly Hip Fracture Patients and Clinical Characteristics
Authors: Chen Chun-Ching , Chen Chien-Hua , Kuo Yi-Jie , Chuang Tai-Yuan , Chen Yu-Pin
Published: March 2024

BackgroundFalls can be detrimental for older adults, causing hip fracture that result in disability and increased risk of mortality. This study aimed to investigate the temporal distribution of falls among the geriatric patents with hip fractures and compare the characteristics of falls occurring at different times and locations.MethodsThis study recruited older with hip fractures resulting from accidental falls. The participants were categorized into two groups based on the timing and location of their falls. Information regarding fall times, locations, and causes was obtained through interviews. Additionally, demographic data, handgrip strength, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), and responses to quality of life, activities of daily living (ADL), and dementia screening questionnaires using the Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ) were collected.ResultsThis study encompassed 801 hip fracture patients, with 560 women (70%) and 241 men (30%), and a median age of 81 years. Among these patients, 546 (68.3%) experienced falls during the daytime, while 255 (31.7%) fell at night. Furthermore, 577 (74.9%) hip fractures occurred indoors, with 193 (25.1%) falls taking place outdoors. The analysis revealed that patients with lower handgrip strength and BMI were significantly more susceptible to daytime falls compared to nighttime falls. Furthermore, patients who fell indoors exhibited notably higher CCI and SPMSQ error scores, along with lower BMI, handgrip strength, and pre-fracture ADL, in comparison to those who fell outdoors.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that falls during the daytime were more prevalent among geriatric hip fracture patients in Taiwan compared to nighttime falls. Moreover, we observed that more fragile patients were relatively susceptible to falling indoors and at night, emphasizing the potential clinical value for clinicians to take proactive measures in fall prevention.
Bone Regenerative Potential After Immediate Dental Implant Using Osseodensifying Densah Drills Compared to Conventional Drills in Dog’s Maxilla
Authors: Ibrahim Reham A.H. , Ahmed Mohamed Adel , Abu-Seida Ashraf M. , Hanafy Mahmoud , Moshy Sara El
Published: March 2024

Background Osseodensification is a novel technique that uses drills designed to promote bone self-compaction while preparing the implant osteotomy. This study investigated the bone regenerative potential after immediate implant insertion using osseodensifying densah drills compared to conventional drills in dog’s maxilla.Methodology: Eight adult male mongrel dogs were randomly distributed into three groups, and the split-mouth technique was used. Atraumatic extraction of the maxillary second premolar was performed in all dogs. Control group: the distal roots of the second premolar were extracted and served as control. Group I was subdivided into two subgroups: subgroup IA: the mesial socket of the second premolar was drilled using NucleOSS drills, while the osseodensifying densah burs prepared subgroup IB. The dogs were euthanized immediately after osteotomy preparation. Group II was subdivided into two subgroups: subgroup IIA: osteotomy preparation was performed by NucleOSS drills, while densah burs prepared subgroup IIB, then NucleOSS T6 implants were inserted in both subgroups. The dogs were euthanized after two months of implant insertion. Specimens were stained by Haematoxylin and Eosin as well as Masson Trichrome stain. Histomorphometric analysis was done to evaluate the bone area percentage and amount of mature bone around implants. Cone beam computed tomography was used to measure bone density. Independent t-test and ANOVA were used to analyze the results.Results Subgroup IA showed microcracks and areas of thermal osteonecrosis around the drilling site. Subgroup IB showed remnants of bone chips that were compressed into the bone marrow spaces of the osteotomy wall. The bone area percentage and bone density around implants in subgroup IIB were significantly higher than in subgroup IIA (P < 0.05).Conclusion Osseodensification is an effective technique for increasing bone density and rapid osseointegration around implants in areas of poor bone quality, which is considered a promising sign of long-term clinical success.
Effects of diosgenin dose on alveolar bone loss in rats with experimental periodontitis
Authors: Kızıldağ Alper , Alpan Aysan Lektemür , Aydın Tuğba Köseoğlu , Özdede Melih , Özmen Özlem
Published: March 2024

Background This study was performed to determine the therapeutic effects of diosgenin (DG) which is a steroidal saponin, administered at different doses on alveolar bone loss (ABL) in rats with experimental periodontitis using immunohistochemical and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods Thirty-two male Wistar rats divided into four equal groups: control (non-ligated), periodontitis (P), DG-48, and DG-96. Sutures were placed at the gingival margin of the lower first molars to induce experimental periodontitis. Then, 48 and 96 mg/kg of DG was administered to the study groups by oral gavage for 29 days. At day 30, the animals were sacrificed and ABL was determined via CBCT. Results The expression patterns of osteocalcin (OCN), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), type I collagen (Col-1), B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl 2), Bcl 2-associated X protein (Bax), bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), and receptor activator of NF κB ligand (RANKL) were examined immunohistochemically. DG treatment increased the ALP, OCN, Bcl 2, Col-1, and BMP-2 levels in a dose-dependent manner, compared with the P group (p < 0.05); it decreased the receptor RANKL, Bax, and ABL levels in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). Conclusion DG contributes to bone formation by decreasing ABL and apoptosis in rats with periodontitis.
Desire for pregnancy and fertility preservation in young patients with breast cancer
Authors: Abe Tomomi , Kataoka Akemi , Uehiro Natsue , Yoshida Nao , Nishimura Meiko , Ozaki Yukinori , Kogawa Takahiro , Takano Toshimi , Ohno Shinji , Ueno Takayuki
Published: March 2024

Purpose
Data on the desire for pregnancy and the status of fertility preservation (FP) in patients with breast cancer remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the status of patients with breast cancer under 43 years of age who desired pregnancy and FP implementation before systemic therapy.
Methods
This retrospective study surveyed the institutional clinical databases and electronic medical records of patients < 43 years with stage 0-III primary breast cancer at the time of surgery and treated between April 2020 and March 2021. All patients were enquired about their desire for pregnancy in a questionnaire by ‘present,’ ‘absent,’ and ‘unsure’ at their first visit. The correlation between the desire for pregnancy, FP, and clinicopathological factors was investigated.
Results
Among 1,005 patients who underwent surgery for primary breast cancer, 146 were included in the analysis. Thirty-four patients (23.3%) had a desire for pregnancy, and 45 patients (30.8%) chose ‘unsure’. Factors associated with the desire for pregnancy were younger age at the time of surgery (p < 0.0022), unmarried status (p < 0.001), nulliparity (p < 0.001), early-stage disease (p = 0.0016), and estrogen receptor positivity (p = 0.008). Among 115 patients who underwent systemic therapy, 13 patients (11.3%) implemented FP prior to systemic therapy. Patients who were nulliparous implemented FP more often (p = 0.0195). The FP rate was lower in patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (p = 0.0863).
Conclusions
Our study suggests that unmarried, nulliparous, and younger patients were more interested in pregnancy, and nulliparous patients more often implemented FP.
Drivers and Barriers of Acceptance of eHealth Interventions in Postpartum Mental Health Care: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Jahre Lisa Maria , Frewer Anna-Lena , Meyer Heidi , Koelkebeck Katja , Iannaccone Antonella , Skoda Eva-Maria , Teufel Martin , Bäuerle Alexander
Published: March 2024

Background Postpartum mental health problems are common in women. Screening practice and treatment options are less common, which is a possible threat to health of mothers and children. eHealth interventions might bridge the gap but few validated programs are available. For developing relevant tools, an assessment of user behavior is a relevant step. Users acceptance of eHealth interventions can be examined via the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2022 and June 2023. Acceptance, sociodemographic, medical, psychometric, and eHealth data were assessed. This study included 453 postpartum women. Multiple hierarchical regression analysis and group comparisons (t-tests, ANOVA) were conducted. Results High acceptance of eHealth interventions in postpartum mental health care was reported by 68.2% (n = 309) of postpartum women. Acceptance was significantly higher in women affected by mental illness,t(395) = -4.72,padj< .001,d = .50, and with postpartum depression (present or past),t(395) = -4.54,padj< .001,d = .46. Significant predictors of acceptance were Perceived support during pregnancy (β = − .15,p = .009), Quality of life (β = − .13,p = .022), Postpartum depression (β = .40,p = .001), Digital confidence (β = .18,p = .002), and the UTAUT predictors Effort expectancy (β = .10,p = .037), Performance expectancy (β = .50,p < .001) and Social influence (β = .25,p < .001). The extended UTAUT model was able to explain 59.8% of variance in acceptance. Conclusions This study provides valuable insights into user behavior of postpartum women. High acceptance towards eHealth interventions in postpartum mental health care and identified drivers and barriers should be taken into account when implementing tailored eHealth interventions for this vulnerable target group. Specifically women with mental health issues report high acceptance and should therefore be addressed in a targeted manner.
No correlation between PD-L1 and NIS expression in lymph node metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Levay Bernadett , Kiss Alexandra , Fröhlich Georgina , Tóth Erika , Slezák András , Peter Ilona , Oberna Ferenc , Dohán Orsolya
Published: March 2024

Background: About 90% of thyroid cancers originate from follicular epithelial cells as differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). 90% of DTC is papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), 10% is follicular thyroid cancer (FTC). The standard of care for PTC is surgery followed by radioiodine (RAI) ablation and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) suppressive therapy. The treatment of radioiodine refracter DTC is challenging. While during malignant transformation thyroid epithelial cells lose their ability to accumulate radioiodine (due to impaired membrane targeting or lacking NIS expression), it has recently been reported that PD-L1 expression in thyroid cancer cells increases during dedifferentiation.
Since NIS and PD-L1 expression has never been investigated together in thyroid cancer, the aim of our present study was to investigate and correlate PD-L1 and NIS expression in the same primary tumor samples of lymph node metastatic PTC.
Methods: The expression of hNIS (human natrium/sodium iodide symporter) and PD-L1 was studied by immunohistochemistry analyses in primary tumor samples of metastatic PTC patients.
Results: PD-L1 and NIS immunohistochemistry analysis was performed in 89 and 86 PTC cases, respectively. 25 tumors did not show PDL1 expression, while in 58 tumors, 1-50% of the tumor cells showed PD-L1 expression, and in 6 tumors more than 50% of the cells were positive for PD-L1. NIS immunohistochemistry was performed on 86 primary papillary carcinomas. 51 out of 86 tumors showed NIS expression, only in 7 cases NIS was localized in the plasma membrane, while in most tumors NIS was retained in the intracytoplasmic membrane compartments.
Conclusion: No correlation was found between PD-L1 and NIS expression. It is tempting to speculate whether manipulation of the PD1/PDL1 axis by anti-PDL1 or anti-PD1 antibodies, could restore NIS functional expression. Based on the present study we can only conclude that the percentage of NIS expressing or PD-L1 expressing tumor cells does not correlate in the primary tumor of lymph node metastatic PTC.
Repolarizing Neutrophils via MnO2 Nanoparticle-Activated STING Pathway Enhances Salmonella-Mediated Tumor Immunotherapy
Authors: Lu Shan , Mi Ze , Yang Jieru , Liu Peng , Ding Jinsong , Rong Pengfei , Zhou Wenhu
Published: March 2024

Engineered Salmonella has emerged as a promising microbial immunotherapy against tumors; however, its clinical effectiveness has encountered limitations. In our investigation, we unveil a non-dose-dependent type of behavior regarding Salmonella’s therapeutic impact and reveal the regulatory role of neutrophils in diminishing the efficacy of this. While Salmonella colonization within tumors recruits a substantial neutrophil population, these neutrophils predominantly polarize into the pro-tumor N2 phenotype, elevating PD-L1 expression and fostering an immunosuppressive milieu within the tumor microenvironment. In order to bypass this challenge, we introduce MnO2 nanoparticles engineered to activate the STING pathway. Harnessing the STING pathway to stimulate IFN-β secretion prompts a shift in neutrophil polarization from the N2 to the N1 phenotype. This strategic repolarization remodels the tumor immune microenvironment, making the infiltration and activation of CD8+ T cells possible. Through these orchestrated mechanisms, the combined employment of Salmonella and MnO2 attains the synergistic enhancement of anti-tumor efficacy, achieving the complete inhibition of tumor growth within 20 days and an impressive 80% survival rate within 40 days, with no discernible signs of significant adverse effects. Our study not only unveils the crucial in vivo constraints obstructing microbial immune therapy but also sets out an innovative strategy to augment its efficacy. These findings pave the way for advancements in cell-based immunotherapy centered on leveraging the potential of neutrophils.
A Survey for Patient Safety Culture in KAMC (King Abdullah Medical City), A Tertiary Care, Referral Hospital in Makkah, Saudi Arabia; Comparison to Global Data from the Agency of Healthcare Research and Quality
Authors: Algethami Faiza , Alasmari Abdulrahman Saad , Alessa Mohammed Khalid , Alhamid Abdullah Anwar , Ateeq Muhannad Khalid , Alselami Hashema , Elmorsy Soha Aly , Alruwaili Sultan Fatil
Published: March 2024

Background: Patient safety remains an area of global concern and patient safety culture among healthcare staff is one of its most important determinants. Saudi Arabia is investing big efforts in enhancement of patient safety. Assessment of patient safety culture is enlightening about the impact of such efforts and invaluable in informing their future directions.
Methods: This cross-sectional study aimed at assessing the patient safety culture in King Abdullah Medical City (KAMC), a tertiary referral center in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. The Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC) version 2.0 distributed electronically to all staff of KAMC. The HSOPSC Hospital Survey 2.0 Data Entry and Analysis Tool was used to compare KAMC results to those obtained from global data. Additional analyses were performed on SPSS to explore for association of responses with participant characteristics.
Results:A total of 350 participants completed the questionnaire, 58.6% of whom were nurses. The comparison of the composite measure of all 10 domains of the HSOPSC showed 62% positive responses at KAMC versus 70% in the global database. This difference was statistically significant with a chi square of 10.64 and a p value of 0.001. Percentages of positive responses from KAMC data exceeded those from global data in domains of “Organizational learning and continuous improvement” and “Communication about error”, (p = 0.002 and 0.003, respectively).
Conclusion: Although safety culture seems to score lower at KAMC than globally, promises for accelerated improvement in the future might be expected based on improvement trends in the literature.
Decolonial Dilemmas: Balancing Global Recognition and Local Impact in South African Research
Authors: Mthombeni Zama M
Published: March 2024

The pursuit of decolonial work in African academia can be delayed by the prevailing pressure to attain international recognition as a requirement for academic promotion. Academic promotion for scholars is often linked to publishing in high-impact journals, which often lack African representation. This paper looks at internationally benchmarked system of evaluating and rating researchers used by the National Research Foundation (NRF) and how the notion of Considerable International Recognition (CIR) brings consequences for local work. Utilizing Qualitative Document Analysis (QDA) this study investigated how the definitions and criteria related to CIR in documents provided by the NRF of South Africa influences researchers to prioritize international scholarly activities over locally relevant work. This analysis also seeks to uncover the implications of this prioritization for decolonial work within the South African research landscape. It explores how the pursuit of international recognition, as defined by the NRF, may intersect with and challenge efforts aimed at decolonizing knowledge production and promoting research that is more attuned to local contexts and needs.
A combination of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol modulates glutamate dynamics in the hippocampus of an animal model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Sánchez-Fernández Nuria , Gómez-Acero Laura , Castañé Anna , Adell Albert , Campa Leticia , Brito Verónica , Ginés Silvia , Queiroz Francisco , Silva Henrique , Lopes João Pedro , Lopes Cátia R. , Radošević Marija , Gasull Xavier , Cunha Rodrigo A , Köfalvi Attila , Ferreira Samira G , Ciruela Francisco , Aso Ester
Published: March 2024

Background: Dysregulation of glutamatergic activity has been shown to contribute to cognitive impairment and to the progression of the neurodegenerative process in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Previous data revealed that chronic treatment with a combination of two natural cannabinoids, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), reduces cognitive decline in APP/PS1 mice. Since the endogenous cannabinoid system plays a key role in the control of neuronal excitability, we hypothesize that the chronic treatment with the combination of THC and CBD might alleviate cognitive decline in APP/PS1 mice by modulating glutamate dynamics in the hippocampus.
Methods: In vivo microdialysis was used to assess extracellular glutamate levels in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 and wild-type (WT) mice chronically treated with THC and CBD. The levels of glutamate transporters and of glutamate receptors and their associated signaling pathways were assessed by immunoblotting. Electrophysiological recordings were used to evaluate synaptic transmission and plasticity. Dendritic spine density and morphology was analyzed by DiI ballistic labeling.
Results: Chronic treatment with the combination of THC and CBD reduced the extracellular glutamate levels in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 and WT mice in response to the depolarizing drug veratridine or the glutamate transporter GLT-1 inhibitor dihydrokainic acid. No relevant effects were observed in the levels of the main glutamate receptor subunits or transporters and in their associated signaling mediators after chronic treatment. Similarly, no significant treatment effects were observed in dendritic spine density and morphology in the hippocampus or in the induction of long-term potentiation in CA1 area in treated animals. However, the input-output curve revealed that chronic THC and CBD treatment reduced the basal excitability of hippocampal CA1 synapses in both APP/PS1 and WT mice.
Conclusions: Our data suggest that the beneficial effects of these cannabinoids at the cognitive levels might be related to the modulation of glutamate dynamics in the hippocampus and support their potential therapeutic properties against AD.
Landsat greening trends in alpine ecosystems are inflated by multidecadal increases in summer observations
Authors: Bayle Arthur , Gascoin Simon , Berner Logan T. , Choler Philippe
Published: March 2024

Remote sensing is an invaluable tool for tracking decadal-scale changes in vegetation greenness in response to climate and land use changes. While the Landsat archive has been widely used to explore these trends and their spatial and temporal complexity, its inconsistent sampling frequency over time and space raises concerns about its ability to provide reliable estimates of annual vegetation indices such as the annual maximum NDVI, commonly used as a proxy of plant productivity. Here we demonstrate for seasonally snow-covered ecosystems, that greening trends derived from annual maximum NDVI can be significantly overestimated because the number of available Landsat observations increases over time, and mostly that the magnitude of the overestimation varies along environmental gradients. Typically, areas with a short growing season and few available observations experience the largest bias in greening trend estimation. We show these conditions are met in late snowmelting habitats in the European Alps, which are known to be particularly sensitive to temperature increases and present conservation challenges. In this critical context, almost 50% of the magnitude of estimated greening can be explained by this bias. Our study calls for greater caution when comparing greening trends magnitudes between habitats with different snow conditions and observations. At a minimum we recommend reporting information on the temporal sampling of the observations, including the number of observations per year, when long term studies with Landsat observations are undertaken.
Assessment of surface and groundwater quality in the Ctalamochita river basin, Argentina: Hydrogeochemical characteristics and exploratory data analysis.
Authors: Urseler Noelia , Biolé Fernanda , Bachetti Romina , Biolé Michelle , Bellotti Camila , Marín Graciela , Morgante Carolina
Published: March 2024

Surface and groundwater are important resources for the drinking water supply and the development of agricultural and livestock activities in the Córdoba province, Argentina. The objective of this study was to assess the physicochemical and microbiological quality of surface (n = 14) and groundwater (n = 17) sites in the middle-lower basin of the Ctalamochita river (Córdoba, Argentina) for human and animal consumption. A total of 18 physicochemical and five microbiological parameters were evaluated to determine the hydrogeological characteristics of both water resources and their suitability for human and animal consumption using the Water Quality Index (WQI). The results indicated that Na+and HCO3‒were the dominant cation and anion, respectively, both in surface water and groundwater. Physicochemical and microbiological parameters values were compared with limits recommended by national and international guidelines. The WQI showed that groundwater samples exhibited poor quality compared to surface waters for human consumption, due to high concentrations of major ions and the presence of total coliforms andPseudomonas aeruginosa. Meanwhile, the WQI for animal consumption indicated that both surface and groundwater samples were suitable for this purpose. Piper diagram showed that most of the surface and groundwater samples were classified as Na+-Cl‒-HCO3‒and Na+-HCO3‒, respectively, showing the hydrogeochemical difference between the two water resources. Gibbs diagram indicates the processes of rock-water interaction and evaporation control the chemical composition of surface and groundwater sources. The findings of this study would enable the development of a proactive plan aimed at preserving safe and sustainable water resources in the middle-lower basin of the Ctalamochita river. This could be achieved through the implementation of preventive strategies and the introduction of innovative policies.
Prognostic biomarkers for lung adenocarcinoma based on Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Yang Lirong , Li Tiantian , Teng Zhaowei , Peng Xinhao , Zhao Jian , Liu Yuan , Wu Jiafan , Fan Jia , Chen Li
Published: March 2024

Background
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a multifaceted disease with diverse locations and timing of gene mutations, histology, and molecular pathogenesis. As a result, identifying target genes for the treatment of patients with LUAD has become a major challenge.
Method
We downloaded the gene expression profiles of 220 patients with LUAD from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and found the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between control and treatment groups. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed between the exposure gene eQTL ID and ieu-a-965 to obtain GWAS summary data. Sensitivity analysis was used to test for the presence of pleiotropy and heterogeneity in the instrumental variables. We further conducted MR analysis to explore the potential intersecting genes between DEGs and specific genes. Moreover, GESA and over survival analyses were performed on the intersection gene.
Result
We combined GEO and GWAS data to identify one upregulated and two downregulated genes associated with LUAD risk using IVW as the primary analytical method. And observed that the survival of the high-expression group of ANGPT1 and CD36 was significantly higher than that of the low-expression group. POU2AF1 were inconsistent with the results obtained in the Kaplan–Meier analysis and lacked statistical significance in the GSE70770 cohort
Conclusion
Our results confirmed two specific target genes CD36 and ANGPT1 based on MR analysis, providing new insights into the role of these target genes in mediating the development of LUAD.
Counterfactuals in Fuzzy Relational Models
Authors: Al-Hmouz Rami , Pedrycz Witold , Ammari Ahmed
Published: March 2024

Given rapidly growing requirements for explainability, counterfactual explanations have gained interest in Machine Learning systems. This study investigates this timely problem in fuzzy relational systems described by fuzzy relational equations and develops a detailed solution to the counterfactual problems encountered in this setting. An underlying optimization problem is formulated, and its gradient-based solution is constructed. It is also demonstrated that the non-uniqueness of the derived solution is conveniently formalized and quantified by admitting a result coming in the form of information granules of a higher type, namely type-2 or interval-valued fuzzy set. The construction of the solution in this format is realized by invoking the principle of justifiable granularity. We also discuss ways of designing fuzzy relations and elaborate on methods of carrying out counterfactual explanation in rule-based models. Illustrative examples are included to present the performance of the method and interpret the obtained results.
A piece-wise reconstruction of some mechanistic steps in Pickering emulsion polymerization: A semicontinuous styrene montmorilonite-supported process as a case example
Authors: Rodríguez Diego Saldaña , Fouconnier Benoit , López-Serrano Francisco
Published: March 2024

Building on traditional emulsion polymerization research, which continues to yield results up to the present day, techniques have emerged to produce hybrid materials. One such technique is Pickering emulsion polymerization, with numerous industrial applications. Despite a growing interest in Pickering emulsion polymerization, the intrinsic mechanisms involved have been based mainly on the findings of classical emulsion polymerization. In this work, by relying on a minimum of assumptions and using a simple model and experimental data on conversion and particle size, we obtain information about the prevailing mechanisms. More specifically, we present four main findings based on data reported previously in the literature. First, in contrast to the three rate-of-reaction intervals reported in classical emulsion polymerization, the integro-differential method yielded only two rate-of-reaction intervals against conversion. Second, a master curve is constructed by plotting the reaction rate against overall conversion, showing a maximum of approximately 55% conversion. Third, despite having a semi-continuous process, monomer concentration inside the particles is not constant. Finally, particle density is a strong function of the Pickering agent concentration, where two fitting parameters (nucleation and coagulation) allowed an accurate description for the particle number time-evolution. Both parameters showed a power-law dependence with clay concentration.
Ulcerative colitis and estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer risk: a Mendelian randomized study
Authors: liu xiaolin , Wang Shan , Lv Hongwei , Chen Enli , Yu Jing
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND: Some studies have suggested a potential association between ulcerative colitis (UC) and estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer. However, whether there is a causal relationship between the two is currently unknown. In this study, we will investigate the relationship between UC and estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer risk from a genetic perspective.
OBJECTIVE: This study explored the causal relationship between UC and estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer risk.
METHODS: Patients with UC (n=27,432) and estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer (n=22,068) who met the same ethnicity and came from different regions were selected. The causal relationship between UC and estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer risk was evaluated by five methods, namely, Mendelian randomised Egger regression, median weighted, IVW random effects model, IVW radial method, and IVW fixed effects model, respectively, with OR. Sensitivity analyses were performed using Cochran's Q test, MR⁃Egger regression intercept term, MR⁃PRESSO, and leave-one-out method to assess the stability and reliability of the results.
RESULTS: European ethnicity was the basis of GWAS data on screened UC and estrogen receptor-negative breast cancers. In MR analysis, we found that genetically predicted UC was associated with an increased risk of estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer, and the results of Weighted median, Simple mode, Weighted mode, and MR Egger all showed similar trends (OR=1.07, 95% CI:1.03-1.11). The results of sensitivity analyses remained consistent, suggesting that UC is associated with a high prevalence of estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer.
CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that patients with UC have an increased risk of developing estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer.
Material Property Prediction with Joint Reasoning based on Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs for Lithium Batteries
Authors: Lei Gang , Yin Ziyu , Xiao Jianmao , Qiu Xinji , Cao Yuanlong , Zhang Qian , Wu Musheng
Published: March 2024

Lithium batteries, as a crucial part of modern energy storage, rely heavily on the properties of their materials, which affect energy density, cycle life, charge/dis-charge rates, and safety. Traditional experimental methods for predicting these properties are often costly and time-consuming. While data-driven machine learning approaches can predict performance by analyzing the impact of various factors, inconsistencies in data measurement and reporting, along with a lack of semantic integration of material information, hinder research on lithium battery materials. This paper introduces a lithium battery material property prediction method based on joint reasoning with large language models and knowledge graphs (JRLKG). Knowledge relationships are extracted from extensive literature to construct a knowledge graph encompassing material structure, properties, and research methods. By assessing material similarity within the graph, related information is fed into the GPT-4 model. Prompt learning techniques guide GPT-4 to leverage explicit knowledge from the external knowledge graph and its implicit knowledge for joint reasoning predictions, providing results and rationales. Experiments show that JRLKG improves the accuracy and inter-pretability of material property predictions, offering new avenues and methods for research and shortening the Research and development cycle for lithium-ion battery materials.
Could the systemic inflammatory response index be a marker for the non- dipper pattern in newly diagnosed hypertensive patients?
Authors: Kaplangoray Mustafa , Toprak Kenan , Caglayan Cuneyt , Deveci Edhem , Celik Enes , Uyan Umut , Aydın Cihan
Published: March 2024

Background
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Index (SIRI),has been shown to be associated with prognosis in coronary artery disease (CAD), heart failure (HF), and acute myocardial infarction.This study investigated the relationship between SIRI and non-dipper hypertension.
Methods
The study retrospectively included a total of 254 naive, newly diagnosed hypertensive individuals based on ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM),comprising 166 dippers (DHT) and 88 non-dippers (NDHT).The SIRI value of all patients was calculated based on neutrophil, monocyte, and lymphocyte counts.
Results
The study population's average age was 50.7 ± 9.4, and the male ratio was found to be 68.5%. Compared to DHT, patients in the NDHT group were found to have higher SIRI, neutrophil-lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and neutrophil count, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and lymphocyte count were lower (p < 0.05).The left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was found to be higher in the NDHT group (p < 0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that SIRI, LVMI, and HDL-C were independent predictor factors for NDHT.ROC curve analysis determined the optimal SIRI cut-off value for predicting NDHT diagnosis to be 2.41 (sensitivity 69.3%, specificity 64.5%, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.743; p < 0.001).When the AUC values obtained for SIRI, NLR, PLR, HDL-C, and LVMI parameters in the ROC curve analysis were compared pairwise, it was shown that SIRI's discriminative capacity in predicting NDHT was superior to all other indices.
Conclusion
SIRI is an independent and significant predictor factor for NDHT and is superior in predicting NDHT diagnosis compared to HDL-C, LVMI, NLR, and PLR.