bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biodegradation of a phosphorus compounds by the culture of black aspergill
Authors:   Limited liability Company Innovative Technologies of Detoxification, Mindubaev Anton Z. , Badeeva Elena K. ,   Kazan Scientific Center  of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Minzanova Salima T. ,   Kazan Scientific Center  of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Mironova Lubov G. ,   Kazan Scientific Center  of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizamov Ilias S. ,   Kazan Scientific Center  of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Khasiyatullina Nadezhda R. ,   Kazan Scientific Center  of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pirut Ludmila M. ,   Kazan Scientific Center  of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Barskaya Ekaterina E. ,   Kazan Scientific Center  of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Babynin Edward V. ,   Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Akosah Yaw Abayie ,   Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University
Published: February 2021

The biological degradation of white phosphorus, which is being studied by our team is without a doubt a phenomenon of scientific novelty and practical significance. In a decade of studying this phenomenon, we have achieved significant results. However, the field of application of white and yellow phosphorus is rather a narrow one, and this imposes a limitation on the applicability of our method for the neutralization of industrial wastes. Accordingly, an interesting and important path of focus is to expand the spectrum of substances neutralized by the microbial cultures studied by our team. It is thus logical to commence such a major study with phosphorus compounds, since fungal cultures were adapted for the biodegradation of substances containing this element. In this regard, it should be pointed out that, white phosphorus cannot be metabolized to phosphate in one stage; metabolites are formed with intermediate oxidation states of phosphorus. Therefore, it can be assumed that microorganisms that neutralize white phosphorus should be capable of biodegradation of a whole spectrum of phosphorus compounds. We tested this hypothesis experimentally. It was uncovered that Aspergillus niger AM1 posseses the ability to use red phosphorus, triamide of phosphoric acid, phosphomolybdic acid, substituted dithiophosphate and organophosphorus matter as sources of phosphorus. In addition, in the present work, we describe attempts made to increase the concentration of white phosphorus in the culture medium to values above 1%. To do this, we added olive oil (a solvent in which white phosphorus is relatively soluble) to the culture medium. It turned out that in the presence of this component, the minimum inhibitory concentration of white phosphorus drops abruptly.
Research of emulsion properties of oil with selection of effective chemical reagents for destruction of arising emulsions
Authors:   Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (National Research University), Orenburg Branch, Kuryakova Tatiana A. , Bezryadin Sergey G. ,   Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (National Research University), Orenburg Branch, Klyukvina Elena Yu. ,   Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (National Research University), Orenburg Branch,   Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (National Research University), Orenburg Branch, Mezhueva Larisa V. ,   Orenburg State University
Published: February 2021

The presence of aggressive aqueous solutions of mineral salts leads to rapid wear of both oil pumping and refining equipment. Gas separation and preliminary water discharge are difficult. This is one of the reasons that it is necessary to dehydrate the oil emulsion from the moment it was formed, preventing its aging. The second most important reason for oil dehydration in the areas of its production is the high cost of transporting ballast-produced water. To determine the most suitable demulsifier used at the Tsarichansk field, a series of laboratory studies was conducted. According to the results of laboratory tests, it was found that the developed new multifunctional composite demulsifier Denmaster 3010, due to the synergism of the components that make up the composition, shows good dynamics of sediment compared to the base reagents and provides a high degree of emulsion destruction. According to the results of laboratory studies, the most effective in comparison with the basic reagent, both in the dynamics of dehydration and in the residual water content, is the multifunctional composition DenMaster 3010. Reagent DenMaster 3010 is composite demulsifier based on a mixture of organic and aromatic solvents with the addition of nonionic surfactants. Laboratory tests showed that DenMaster 3010 reagent provides a high degree of emulsion destruction at the stages of in-tube demulsification and preliminary discharge. According to the data obtained, when replacing the base reagent with the DenMaster 3010 reagent, at the stages of oil collection, stabilization and a decrease in the average values of water and salt content are observed, i.e. installation work is normalized.
The optimization of the composition of fertilizers based on milled phosphorites
Authors:   Vyatka State University, Syrchina Nadezhda V. , Ashikhmina Tamara Ya. ,   Vyatka State University, Bogatyreva Nadezhda N. ,   Vyatka State University, Kantor Grigory Ya. ,   Institute of Biology
Published: February 2021

The phosphorites of many domestic deposits can be used as cheap natural phosphorus fertilizers of regional importance. The limitation of their use is due to the low solubility and, consequently, low agrochemical effectiveness. To increase the solubility of phosphorites (activation), it is proposed to use the method of granulation of phosphorite flour (PF) with an organomineral additive containing milled sulfur, glauconite and highly decomposed peat, dispersed by hydrodynamic cavitation. Phosphate activation is ensured by acids formed in the process of microbiological oxidation of sulfur in soils (convert insoluble phosphates to more soluble hydrophosphates), glauconite (promotes adsorption and ion exchange binding of cations that form insoluble phosphates, activates soil microbiota) and humic acid peat (oxides into stable complexes, stimulate the activity of soil microorganisms). In laboratory conditions, samples of the corresponding organic-mineral fertilizer were obtained. As phosphate raw materials, the PF of the Vyatka-Kama deposit (Russia) and the Khneifis deposit (Syria) were used. The study of the effect of fertilizer on the chemical composition of soils was carried out in a laboratory experiment. As a comparison object, simple superphosphate was used. Fertilizers were applied to the soil in an amount of 0.1 g per 1 kg of air-dried soil. It was revealed that already 7 days after fertilizing, the mobility of phosphorus increases by 31-45%, while the pH of the soil solution does not change. The sulfate content in soils increased by an average of 33%. In all variants of the experiment, the application of activated PF in the soil led to the same result as the application of simple superphosphate. Based on PF and an activating organomineral additive, a granular form of phosphorus fertilizer with sulfur and humic substances can be obtained that is not inferior in effectiveness to simple superphosphate. The production of appropriate fertilizer can be arranged at small enterprises and directly at phosphate mines, which will create new jobs and provide regional crop production with relatively cheap and fairly effective forms of phosphate fertilizers that comply with the principles of green chemistry. The composition and technology of fertilizer production make it possible to position it as a natural organic-mineral fertilizer for organic farming.
Mushrooms as sorbents of cadmium ions
Authors:   Vyatka State University, Zhukova Anna V. , Kantor Grigory Ya. ,   Vyatka State University, Skugoreva Svetlana G. ,   Institute of Biology of the Komi Scientific Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ashikhmina Tamara Ya. ,   Institute of Biology of the Komi Scientific Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: February 2021

It is known that fungal chitin exhibits high sorption properties with respect to heavy metal ions, while it is practically not absorbed in the human body, which makes it a promising sorbent. The aim of this work was to evaluate the sorption abilities of the mushrooms of Agaricus bisporus and Russula atropurpurea with respect to cadmium ions. The use of the potentiometric method for measuring the potential of the ion-selective electrode, which depends on the concentration of cadmium ions in solution, made it possible to register in detail in real time the kinetic curves of sorption of cadmium ions by mushrooms. During the experiment, it was found that the kinetics of sorption of cadmium ions from a solution with initial concentrations (0.2-2.0)·10-5 M by the preparations of fruit bodies of mushrooms A. bisporus and R. atropurpurea is well described by the pseudo-second order equation, according to which the limiting stage of the process is chemical interaction of sorbent and sorbate (1:1 ratio). At relatively low initial concentrations of cadmium ions in solution ((0.2-0.6)·10–5 M), the sorption rate was 1.5-2.5 times higher for R. atropurpurea compared to A. bisporus. At higher concentrations of cadmium ions in solution ((0.8-2.0)·10-5 M) the speed and capacity of sorption were very close for different types of mushrooms. Moreover, the rate of sorption by mushrooms exceeds 5-10 times the rate of sorption of activated carbon and micromycetes of the genus Fusarium. It was revealed that the sorption isotherm of cadmium ions by mushrooms is well described by the Dubinin-Radushkevich equation, according to which R. atropurpurea is characterized by the highest sorption compared to A. bisporus. Thus, R. atropurpurea has the highest sorption activity with respect to cadmium ions.
Theoretical study of the isomerization of 1-amino-4-phenylamino-9,10-anthraquinone
Authors:   Kazan National Research Technological University, Garifzianova Guzel G.
Published: February 2021

This paper presents the results of computer simulation of tautomeric transformations of the molecule 1-amino-4-phenylamino-9,10-anthraquinone. It is known from the literature that the presence of substituents in the 1,4-position of anthraquinone-9,10 leads to various tautomeric transformations, with a shift in the absorption maximum and the appearance of absorption bands in the red wave region in electronic spectra. Both the 1-amino-4-hydroxyanthraquinone described in the literature and the 1-amino-4-phenylamino-9,10-anthraquinone are characterized by two types of prototropic tautomerism – keto-enol and amino-imine. Quantum-chemical modeling contributes to the calculation of the relative energies of tautomers and isomers, the barriers of their interconversions, as well as finding their structural parameters. The aim of this study was to study the mechanism of the formation of tautomers during hydrogen transfer in the molecule of 1-amino-4-phenylamino-9,10-anthraquinone, as well as the formation of isomers during migration of the OH group. The calculations were performed using the Gaussian09 program. To study of various tautomers of 1-amino-4-phenylamino-9,10-anthraquinone, the B3LYP method with the def2TZV basis was used. A search was conducted for transition states during hydrogen transfer and OH group migration. The descent along the reaction path was calculated to confirm that the transition state is in the path of the desired reaction. The minima corresponding to the starting material and product were localized. The activation enthalpies of the studied reactions were calculated. Migration of the OH group in the 1-amino-4-phenylamino-9,10-anthraquinone molecule leads to the formation of 4-phenylamino-9-amino-1,10-anthraquinone. As the calculation shows, the keto-form of 1-amino-4-phenylamino-9,10-anthraquinone is energetically more profitable than all the isomers studied in this work, including the enol form. The smallest difference in total potential energies is 23.7 kJ/mol between the initial ketone form of 1-amino-4-phenylamino-9,10-anthraquinone and the last transformation structure – the 4-phenylamino-9-amino-1,10-anthraquinone molecule.
Investigation of molecular and electronic structure of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of coal tar
Authors:   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Shutkova Svetlana A. , Dolomatov Mikhail Yu. ,   Bashkir State University, Dolomatova Мilana M. ,   Bashkir State University, Zaporin Victor P. ,   Ufa State oil Technical University
Published: February 2021

The molecular and electronic structure of coal tar asphaltenes was investigated. The objects of the study are asphalt resins of coking Kuzbass coal. Solution absorption spectra in the range of 310-780 nm were recorded on a СФ-2000 spectrophotometer. In the process of studying the absorption spectra of asphaltenes by optical spectroscopy, it has been found that the asphaltene fraction is a strong donor and electron acceptor. Effective ionization potential (6.64 eV), effective electron affinity (1.20 eV) and band gap width (5.44 eV) have been established. The study of the electronic structure of molecules of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are nuclei of molecules of asphaltenes of the "continental" type, was carried out by the method of DFT/B3LYP with the basic set 6-31+G*, using the software package GAUSSIAN. Quantum-chemical calculations have shown that the first vertical ionization potential is equal to that the first vertical ionization potential is in the range of 6.41 to 6.71 eV, affinity to the electron – from 0.79 to 1.08 eV, values of the gap zone width – from 5.33 to 5.92 eV. Dipole moments of asphaltenes (0.32 to 0.46 D) were calculated. The calculation data confirm the hypothesis of increased donor-acceptor capacity of asphalt-resin substances.
Inhibited compound for internal preservation
Authors:   St. Petersburg State Marine Technical University, Krymskaya Renata S.
Published: February 2021

Corrosion of metal products during storage, transportation, or other inter-operational periods keeps researchers concerned, and as a result, encourages study of anti-corrosion protection agents in current unstable economic situation, for example, possibility of their recycling. It is not surprising that nowadays scientists are searching for anti-corrosion protection agents. Accordingly, important requirements for corrosion protection agents are affordability and adaptability. The term “adaptability” means that anti-corrosion protection agents can be used in hard-to-reach structures. Under such conditions, the best anti-corrosion protection agents are preservation compounds, as they are relatively inexpensive, often organic-based, with an effective corrosion inhibitor in. The author tested anti-corrosion effectiveness of FMT corrosion inhibitor solution in diesel fuel. FMT is a nitrogen-containing inhibitor consisting of tallow oil fatty acids and added copper derivatives of chlorophyll (where central magnesium atom of chlorophyll is replaced by copper). Copper derivatives of chlorophyll were obtained from kelp algae extract. We synthesized a new solution of FMT inhibitor in diesel fuel; this solution has a natural coniferous complex instead of copper derivatives of chlorophyll from algae. FMT efficiency was proved experimentally in accelerated corrosion tests. The paper explains necessity of synthesizing a new type of FMT inhibitor after experimental stability assessment of various solutions. The article also gives an example of how this compound can be used for storing petroleum products in the space between the first and second bottom of underground tanks (oil storage tanks with double walls and double bottom).
Synthesis of new copolymers based on 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorostyrene, styrene, α-methylstyrene and 4-fluoro-α-methylstyrene
Authors:   Samara National Research University, Dolgin Ignat S. , Purygin Pyotr P. ,   Samara National Research University, Zarubin Yury P. ,   Samara National Research University
Published: February 2021

At the first stages of the research work, a copolymer of styrene and α methyl styrene was synthesized by the method of radical emulsion polymerization in an inert atmosphere of argon. The initiator was ammonium persulfate. The molar ratio of the initial monomers of styrene and α-methylstyrene was 70 : 30, respectively. It was found that copolymers synthesized under special controlled conditions have good values of permittivity and dielectric loss tangent. It should be noted that the choice of emulsifier directly affects the values of these indicators. It was previously shown that the most optimal emulsifier is potassium stearate, using which the best values of the dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent were achieved. At the second stage of the research work, a number of copolymers were synthesized containing 4-methoxystyrene, 4 methyl styrene and α-methyl styrene in their structure. It was experimentally confirmed that the synthesis procedure may be applicable for the preparation of copolymers based on derivatives of styrene and α-methylstyrene. The resulting series of copolymers is highly soluble in methylene chloride; films of each copolymer sample of different thicknesses were obtained by casting from a solution. For this series of copolymer films, the dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent were determined. It was found that the best values of permittivity and dielectric loss tangent are possessed by a sample of copolymer 4-methoxystyrene and α-methylstyrene. At the latest stage of the study, copolymers of styrene and 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorostyrene, α-methylstyrene and 4-fluoro-α-methylstyrene, 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorostyrene and 4-fluoro-α-methylstyrene were synthesized. These fluorine-containing derivatives of styrene and α-methylstyrene easily enough enter into the reaction of radical emulsion copolymerization. The copolymer yields are 53-76%, calculated on the weight of the starting monomers. The structure of a number of newly synthesized copolymers was confirmed by IR spectroscopy. In the future, it is planned to define the values of dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent for these copolymer samples. It is planned to study the thermomechanical properties of the samples, since fluorine-containing polymers are a promising material for operation at elevated temperatures.
Dynamic solubility measurement of substances in supercritical fluids
Authors:   Kazan National Research Technological University, Yarullin Lenar Yu. , Gabitov Farizan R. ,   Kazan National Research Technological University, Zamaliev Insaf I. ,   Kazan National Research Technological University, Sabirova Lyudmila Y. ,   Kazan National Research Technological University
Published: February 2021

The study of currently known methods and devices for processing plant materials has shown that during the study period, the greatest interest (about 31%) of patent holders is manifested in increasing the yield of extractive substances. If we take as an example a tea leaf, then indeed, the formation of conditions for a more complete release of the target components into the aqueous phase during brewing can provide a more profitable and economical consumption of tea raw materials. The study of the thermodynamic principles of the use of supercritical fluid media and carbon dioxide, in particular, in the processing of plant materials and the processing of tea raw materials, as well as the development of methods for intensifying mass transfer to the aqueous phase when “brewing” tea leaves, are uniquely relevant tasks. An important section of thermodynamics is the concept of phase equilibria in systems of different composition. And one of the key characteristics of phase equilibria is such a thing as the solubility of a substance, including in supercritical fluid media. Since solutions of substances in supercritical fluids are diluted, the dependence of the solubility of substances on temperature, pressure, and density of a pure solvent near its critical point is of practical interest. The results of experimental studies of measuring the solubility of tannin in supercritical carbon dioxide by the dynamic method at a temperature of 308 and 333 K, in the pressure range from 8 to 26 MPa, are presented. The data obtained, firstly, indicate a low solubility of tannin in supercritical carbon dioxide, which is a positive moment for the implementation of the tea leaf pretreatment process in order to improve its biological potential, and secondly, a clear suppression of isolines is observed, which in turn indicates the presence of crossover behavior on solubility isotherms. Based on the results of the obtained experimental data on the solubility of tannin in supercritical carbon dioxide, a mathematical description of the solubility of tannin was carried out by the Peng-Robinson equation of state.
POLA KOMUNIKASI ORANG TUA DI KAMPUNG NGOYO MOROWALI UTARA PADA INFORMASI BARU
Authors: Anam Ahmad Misbahul
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini ingin mengungkapkan tentang bagaimana pola komunikasi pada masyarakat Ngoyo Sulawesi tengah. Pendekatan penelitian ini adalah kwalitatif dengan keterlibatan peneliti, yang juga sebagai actor perubahan yang terlibat dalam komunitas tersebut selama 2 tahun. Hasilnya menunjukkan banyak pola yang digunakan dalam membangun komunikasi dan kemudian menghasilkan pengaruh berupa keterbukaan informasi warga sebagai bagian dari perubahan.
Captivité et consécration scientifique
Authors: Eckes Christophe
Published: February 2021

Cet article s’intéresse aux phénomènes de captivité de guerre et de consécration scientifique à travers l’exemple du mathématicien Jean Leray (1906-1998) qui fut prisonnier dans l’Oflag XVII A de 1940 à 1945. Une première partie synthétise l’enquête archivistique ayant permis de reconstituer sa trajectoire. Sont ensuite isolées les conditions matérielles de possibilité d’une pratique savante en captivité. La position de Leray dans le champ mathématique est par ailleurs réévaluée en tenant compte des effets induits par son récit de captivité. On s’intéresse pour finir à ses activités au sein de la septième commission d’épuration (prisonniers de guerre et déportés), lesquelles viennent consolider son couronnement académique.
Regards sociologiques sur la constitution des bases de sondage
Authors: Cayouette-Remblière Joanie , Santos Aurélie , Noûs Camille
Published: February 2021

Toutes les enquêtes quantitatives probabilistes s’appuient sur une base de sondage. Or, celle-ci est généralement présentée comme donnée alors que sa constitution est une opération complexe, nécessitant des choix méthodologiques rarement objectivés. Dans le cadre d’une enquête sur 14 quartiers socialement et spatialement diversifiés, nous avons réalisé nos propres bases de sondage, comportant au total 17 113 logements. Cette recension a permis d’ouvrir une boîte noire qui concerne tout autant les statisticiens publics que les ethnographes ayant une ambition de représentativité et d’identifier les principales difficultés de cette opération : accéder à tous les logements, sous le regard dubitatif voire hostile des habitants ; distinguer, à partir de la rue ou du palier, ce qu’est un logement ; et créer un système de codage standardisé malgré la diversité des contextes résidentiels.
Le retour des ‘valeurs’ : un empêchement de penser ?
Authors: Barbier Jean-Marie
Published: February 2021

Qu’elles soient en-acte, éprouvées ou déclarées, les valeurs sont relatives à des engagements d’activité de sujets en situation. C’est dans l’activité que les objets du monde, physiques, sociaux, symboliques, sont appréciés, et deviennent chargés de sens/significations. Sans l’exercice d’une activité, il n’y a pas de substrat possible pour les valeurs. Il n’y a donc ni objectivité, ni universalité des valeurs, sinon en discours. Elles sont obligatoirement rapportées à des sujets et à des situations. La valeur n’est ni un objet, ni un concept, elle n’est connue que si elle est vécue.
Les composantes contradictoires et l’organisation : une tentative de conciliation sociale en situation de crise
Authors: Moskolaï Doumagay Donatienne
Published: February 2021

Dans la vie d’une organisation, il peut y avoir des périodes difficiles, des circonstances particulières qui permettent de voir au-delà des apparences. La crise sanitaire liée à la pandémie du COVID-19, qui tourmente même les plus grandes puissances mondiales, constitue l’occasion idoine pour les entreprises de monter au créneau à la recherche de la légitimité en initiant des actions sociétales. À cet effet, cette étude se propose de montrer que la conciliation sociale permet de réguler les multiples contradictions observées dans l’organisation. Pour assurer sa pérennité, une organisation, quelle qu’elle soit, doit donc savoir gérer les situations contradictoires qui peuvent survenir en son sein. Cela nécessite un double travail individuel et collectif. Nous présentons tout d’abord l’organisation comme un lieu de contradictions : l’incertitude de l’environnement pousse les entreprises à faire des choix qui peuvent être stratégiques ou non. Ainsi, une tentative de conciliation des acteurs par le contrôle social et la Responsabilité Sociétale de l’Entreprise permet de dépasser les conflits et paradoxes en situation de crise. Ensuite, nous présentons l’organisation comme un lieu de collaboration. Nous montrons, notamment que le passage de la valeur actionnariale à la valeur partenariale est un facteur de cohésion sociale et que l’apprentissage organisationnel joue un rôle de socialisation en situation de crise.
The strategic planning of university transformation: the case of Moroccan public universities
Authors: Hamdani Khadija , Koubaa Salah
Published: February 2021

La transformation des universités est le résultat d’une hybridation de facteurs externes et internes, qui nécessite une stratégie bien structurée pour répondre aux défis économiques qui requièrent l’université à contribuer au développement social et économique. L’objectif de ce travail est de comprendre la transformation des universités, les facteurs moteurs et la planification stratégique, en explorant le cas de quatre universités publiques marocaines. En particulier, comment la transformation des universités est influencée par l’esprit d’entreprise, et est orientée vers le développement social et économique. Sur la base de données secondaires, principalement les projets de développement des universités, nous avons effectué une analyse textuelle par logiciel pour identifier les éléments significatifs et interdépendants, et identifier quelles initiatives entrepreneuriales les universités prévoient de mettre en place et pourquoi elles envisagent de les mettre en œuvre. Les résultats montrent que les cas sélectionnés considèrent l’entrepreneuriat dans leur plan stratégique, avec le même objectif, mais différemment, et ont l’intention d’engager un ensemble d’actions et d’activités dans le but de contribuer au développement social et économique.
Les situations entrepreneuriales au risque de la psychanalyse
Authors: Saliba-Chalhoub Nicole
Published: February 2021

Le présent article se penche sur l’œuvre de Christophe Schmitt, plus particulièrement sur son dernier ouvrage en date, Nouvelles perspectives en entrepreneuriat. Du modèle du télégraphe au modèle de l’orchestre (2020), en vue de mettre en lumière le sous-bassement psychanalytique des concepts et théories que l’auteur en question mobilise. Ceux-ci sont en fait mobilisés avec l'ambition d’un renouvellement de la recherche en entrepreneuriat, lequel passerait alors d’un processus linéaire à un processus complexe, susceptible de se saisir de la dynamique des composantes communicantes et en interaction dans le cadre de ce qu’il convient de désigner par les situations entrepreneuriales.
Des archives pour analyser la ville et pour dessiner ses territoires
Authors: Barbot Michela , Carvais Robert
Published: February 2021

Dans le cadre d’un projet de recherche collectif qui porte sur les « pratiques des savoirs entre jugement et innovation », nous analysons les procès-verbaux d’expertise rédigés entre 1690 et 1790 par les greffiers des bâtiments de Paris. Cette série, conservée sous la cote Z 1J des Archives nationales, a pu, du fait de son classement, susciter de nombreuses confusions. Elle contient néanmoins des informations riches et précieuses sur le patrimoine immobilier parisien, sur son état de conservation, sur sa valeur économique, et plus largement sur les modes d’habiter à Paris dans la période concernée. Sur le plan topographique, l’analyse des lieux expertisés et leur localisation précise permet d’écrire l’histoire des limites matérielles séparant d’une part la capitale de sa banlieue ainsi que d’autre part, sa banlieue de la province. Les expertises apparaissent ainsi une source essentielle pour appréhender les transformations de la ville.
The Use of Baited Remote Underwater Video Systems (BRUVS) to Noninvasively Characterize a White Shark (Carcharodon carcharias) Nursery Area off Eastern Long Island, New York
Authors: O'Connell Craig P. , Dayan David , Healy Christian , He Pingguo
Published: February 2021

AbstractUnderstanding if a discrete region fits three key criteria for shark nursery area designation is of utmost importance. Such a designation within United States territorial waters could result in the implementation of an Essential Fish Habitat (EFH) classification,
a determination facilitating species protection. In this study, baited remote underwater video systems (BRUVS) were used to determine if they could effectively confirm a previously identified white shark (Carcharodon carcharias) nursery area south of Montauk, New York, so that the technique
may be applied in other potential nursery areas. During experimentation, 1,348.32 h of video data were collected between Region A (Block Island Sound; 674.16 h), outside of the previously identified nursery area, and Region B (Atlantic Ocean; 674.16 h), within the identified nursery area.
From the video data, 35 sightings of C. carcharias were recorded, with 31 unique individuals identified. Data associated with Region B fit all three nursery area criteria: (a) young-of-the-year (YOY) and juvenile sharks were more commonly found in this region over Region A (p
< 0.001), (b) several YOY and juvenile sharks (n = 4) were resighted in this region within a given year (e.g., average resighting duration: 10.5 days), and (c) YOY and juvenile sharks exhibited repeated use of this region over multiple years. We conclude that BRUVS can be used for
fine-scale analyses to help designate a discrete area(s) as a shark nursery, even in turbid New York waters. Therefore, using BRUVS to identify shark nursery areas is a viable and noninvasive approach that can contribute to species conservation.
Capsizing Performance of Dead Ship Stability for Damaged Ships
Authors: Hu Lifen , Yao Chen , Li Wubin , Wang Xiangyang , Sun Zhongyu
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study proposes a method for combining capsizing probability and flooding process to investigate the time-domain dead ship stability of a damaged ship. It focuses on a nonlinear righting lever GZ curve solution in the following aspects: one aspect subjects
the influence of damaged tanks on a hull shape to the wind and wave, and the other aspect is based on a real-time calculation of the GZ curve. According to 1‐degree-of-freedom rolling equation, the damaged capsizing probability model is established through fourth-order Runge-Kutta
algorithm and Monte Carlo simulation. Also, the model solution is applied on the basis of Visual Basic 6.0 language, and the results are compared with the NAPA platform. The most significant development in this study is combining time-domain flooding process and capsizing probability calculation.
To verify the proposed methods, two damaged fishery bureau vessels are used as the sample ships. Results of time-domain capsizing probability under different loading conditions are compared, and the difference and its possible reasons are analyzed.
Can Submerged Buoys be Reliably Used for Monitoring Tsunamis in the Indian Ocean?
Authors: Venkatesan Ramasamy , Muthiah Manickavasagam Arul , Vedachalam Narayanaswamy , Thirumurugan Karuppiah , Senthilkumar Punniyamoorthy , Vengatesan Gopalakrishnan , Sridharan Ramalingam
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe article proposes a novel and robust Continuously Homing Submerged Autonomous Tsunami Underwater System (CHATUR) in which the buoy is submerged at a depth of 300 m, collecting sea-level data during normal conditions and surfacing during a tsunami event to transmit
the event data. By on-demand reliability analysis, a system in the Bay of Bengal requires health monitoring at an interval of 13 days. By offshore experiments and numerical simulations, the configuration increases the tsunami warning time by ~2 min.
The Opportunity of Modern High-Toughness Technical Ceramics for Undersea Systems
Authors: Gorman Jim , Parry Joel
Published: February 2021

AbstractA confluence of recent developments in the formulation and processing of technical ceramics enables an important opportunity for submersible designers, namely, the reliable use of ceramics having density of near 3 g/cm3, compression strength of >4 GPa,
tensile strength of >690 MPa, and fracture toughness (KIc) of 8‐10 MPa-m1/2. Concurrent developments in high-strength brazing of ferrous and nickel-based metals to these tough ceramics enables the integration of pressure envelopes with removable endcaps
or ports, as well as optimum stiffener configurations and other internal or external design features. The specific opportunity presented by this confluence of tough ceramics and brazed metallic fittings is the possibility of full-ocean-depth (>6,000 m) dry submersible structures with weight/displacement
(W/D) ratio < 0.7, as compared to W/D > 1.0 for metallic structures. Self-buoyant dry hull structures at these depths will greatly expand submersible design options, minimizing the need for full-ocean-depth syntactic foams to float key functionalities. The processing of these ceramics
requires a cold isostatic press (CIP) or slip cast “green forming” step, plus sintering to near full density, followed by hot isostatic press (HIP) to final density. Present HIP facilities can support processing of 81-cm diameter × 190-cm-long ceramic vessels and brazing
of ceramic/metal assemblies to ~163-cm diameter × 254-cm-long in the United States. If larger ceramic pressure hull components are desired, a “tiled” ceramic structure can be assembled and brazed or bonded together with thin metallic skins in a sandwich structure.
Redesigning routine antenatal care in low-resource settings during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Zangmo Rinchen , Kumari Archana , Garg Deepali , Sharma K Aparna
Published: February 2021

Obstetric care, because of the unique and varying needs specific to different patients, requires special consideration in times of a pandemic such as the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Health care facilities providing obstetric care need to develop contingency plans for minimizing antenatal visits to limit the exposure of both healthy pregnant women and care providers to the virus. However, to mitigate any potential adverse effects of reduced antenatal visits, intelligent use of evolving telemedicine capabilities can protect the continuum of care despite the overwhelming burden caused by the pandemic. A collaborative work model involving health workers in the community and regional-level health centres also has the potential to prevent the catastrophic collapse of obstetric care services during a pandemic such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
Decentralization of India Hypertension Control Initiative services to maintain continuum of care for hypertensive patients during COVID-19 pandemic in Telangana
Authors: Reddy Sravan Kumar , Kunwar Abhishek , Durgad Kiran , Tullu Fikru Tesfaye , Sreedhar Chintala , Wassey Abdul , Pathni Anupam , Swasticharan Leimapokpam , Sharma Meenakshi , Madhavi Mallela
Published: February 2021

The India Hypertension Control Initiative (IHCI) was launched in Telangana, India, with the vision of maintaining the continuum of care for hypertensive patients and improving treatment outcomes through provision of free hypertension medication. Decentralization of the IHCI towards more patient-centred services was undertaken to bring free medication and follow-up services closer to the community in the hopes of improving follow-up and control rates for hypertensive patients.

To determine if decentralization of hypertension follow-up services and free medication to peripheral health centres improved continuity of care and treatment outcomes in hypertensive patients and helped to mitigate disruption during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, hypertension outcomes were reviewed before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, for patients registered in health centres that decentralized free medication and follow-up services to subcentres – the intervention group – and in health centres that did not decentralize these services – the non-intervention group.

Hypertensive patients had higher rates of monthly follow-up and controlled blood pressure in the decentralized facilities than in the non-decentralized facilities, where these services were limited to primary and secondary health centres. Comparing follow-up rates and blood pressure control rates before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, these were maintained for patients in the decentralized facilities whereas they were significantly lower for patients in the non-decentralized facilities.

The IHCI decentralized model appears to have contributed to continuity of care for people with hypertension and to have maintained this continuity against system shocks such as that of the COVID-19 pandemic. Decentralization of free medicines and follow-up services to the first and most peripheral point of contact in the primary health care system brings these essential services closer to home, which can encourage patients to seek services from the public sector – capturing a strong case for a primary health care foundation to the strengthening of systems for universal health coverage.
Assessment of BTEX Concentration around Fuel Station in Eastern Province Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Salama Khaled F. , Omer Eltigani O. M. , Zafar Mubashir
Published: February 2021

Aim:

The aim of this study is to determine the benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) concentration levels in and around the fuel station and its harmful health effects in the city of Dammam and Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia.

Materials and Methods:

Forty fuel-dispensing facilities were randomly selected on the basis of three different areas: residential, traffic intersection, and petrol pump locations (refueling stations). Samples were collected using coconut shell charcoal cartridges, and the portable ambient analyzer was used for measuring BTEX concentration.

Results:

Results shows that the average concentration of BTEX levels around fuel stations was 10.30, 4.09, and 2.47 ppm, respectively. All mean concentration values of BTEX around residential, traffic intersection, and fuel stations are exceeding the limits of air quality standards values (P < 0.01). The mean concentration of BTEX around the residential area, side street, and direct street was as follows: benzene 8, 12.2, and 11.5 ppm; toluene 2.5, 5.95, and 3.37 ppm; and xylene 2, 2.13, and 2.7 ppm. Hazard quotient was >1, which showed that carcinogenic probability has increased those exposed to this toxic chemical.

Conclusion:

Values for BTEX were greater than those found in the neighboring residential area of the city and even 100 m away from the fuel station which can have a negative impact on the health of several residences. The environmental contamination associated with BTEX in petrol fuel stations impulses the necessity of preventive programs to reduce further air quality deterioration and reduce the harmful health effects.
The effect of consuming multivitamin/mineral supplements on elderly quality of life
Authors: Abolfathi Mitra , Pasdar Yahya , Kheiri Marzieh , Irandoost Seyed Fahim , Darabi Fatemeh
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND:

Clinical trials concerning the effect of supplements or multivitamin on improving the quality of life have proven different results. The present study was conducted to examine the effect of multivitamin supplement on quality of life of the elderly.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Sixty-four old people over 65 years of age in Kermanshah Elderly Care Center participated in this randomized trial. The samples were first selected using the convenience sampling and then were randomly assigned into intervention and control groups. The intervention group received one multivitamin mineral (MVM) supplement capsule every day for 3 months with no intervention for the control group. Standard quality of life questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software version 22.

RESULTS:

The mean age of the participants was 70.77 ± 8.29 years. The results of intra-group evaluation of the aspects of quality of life of the elderly show the lack of significant changes in the mean scores of physical health and environmental health of the elderly in the intervention group (P > 0.05) and the significant reduction of these aspects in the control group (P < 0.05) after intervention. The mean score of mental health scores in the intervention group significantly increased (P = 0.01), but there are no significant changes in the control group (P = 0.273). The mean scores of social relationships as well as the overall score of quality of life in the intervention and control groups showed no significant changes (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSION:

The present study showed that the consumption of MVM supplements can have a positive effect on increasing the quality of life of the elderly, but it is recommended to be done in the long term along diet. Moreover, considering the fact that no change was observed in the other aspects of the quality of life, attentions should be paid to the environmental and social factors such as social supports and empowerment of the old people in the future studies.
Health-promoting lifestyle and quality of life in affected and unaffected menopausal women by primary osteoporosis
Authors: Abdolalipour Somayeh , Mirghafourvand Mojgan , Ghassab-Abdollahi Nafiseh , Farshbaf-Khalili Azizeh
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND:

Primary osteoporosis is a common complication of aging and menopause. The negative effects of osteoporosis in the coming years will increase by increasing life expectancy and population aging. The purpose of this research was to compare health-promoting lifestyle and quality of life in postmenopausal women with and without primary osteoporosis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This cross-sectional analytical research was conducted on 445 postmenopausal women aged 50–65 selected by simple random sampling in Tabriz health centers from September 2018 to July 2019. Data collection instruments included demographic, midwifery, anthropometric, health-promoting lifestyle profile II and menopausal quality-of-life questionnaire questionnaires, and serum test checklist (25-hydroxy vitamin D, complete blood count/diff, thyroid-stimulating hormone, fasting blood sugar, Calcium, and Phosphor). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry method was used to measure bone density. Data were analyzed using SPSS/23 through descriptive and inferential statistics such as Chi-square, independent t-test, Mann–Whitney, and multiple regression.

RESULTS:

The mean score of lifestyle was 141.2 ± 21.9 in normal and 127.2 ± 25.4 in osteoporosis group, and differences were statistically significant in total score (P < 0.001) and all subdomains. The mean score of quality of life was 3.9 ± 1.2 in the normal and 4.5 ± 1.4 in the osteoporotic group. The differences were significant in total score (P < 0.001) and all subdomains except for sexual function subdomain (P = 0.064). Logistic regression adjusted for confounders indicated by one unit increase in total lifestyle score, the odds of primary osteoporosis reduced by 2.2% (adjusted odds ratio [0.95% confidence interval]: 0.978 [0.963–0.994], P = 0.006).

CONCLUSION:

To prevent of primary osteoporosis and improve the quality of life of postmenopausal women, it seems that education and implementation of health-promoting lifestyle are essential. The research findings can be used to plan for health care in middle and old ages.
The effect of foot reflexology massage on pruritus in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Shahriari Azar , Sarani Hamed , Sheikh Sara , Arbabisarjou Azizollah
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND:

Pruritus is a common skin manifestation in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Pruritus has a negative impact on the quality of life of patients receiving hemodialysis. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of foot reflexology massage on pruritus in hemodialysis patients.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A quasi-experimental study was conducted on 90 hemodialysis patients referred to Khatam-al-Anbiya and Ali-Ebne Abi-Taleb hospitals affiliated to Zahedan University of Medical Sciences in 2019. Patients with moderate-to-severe pruritus scores obtained from the Pruritus Severity Scale (PSS) were included in the study. They were randomly divided into intervention and control groups using shuffling cards or envelopes. The intervention group received nine sessions of foot reflexology massage 3 days a week for 20 min (10 min on each foot) with an emphasis on the solar plexus point. The participants in both groups again completed the PSS 48 h after the intervention. Data were analyzed using the SPSS version 24, independent t-test, Chi-square test, and paired t-test.

RESULTS:

The results of this study demonstrated that foot reflexology massage significantly reduced itching or pruritus in hemodialysis patients (P < 0.001). Pruritus scores in the control group were statistically significant (P < 0.001). There was no significant statistically difference between the two groups in terms of the pruritus scores before the intervention (P = 0.59).

CONCLUSION:

Our findings showed that the foot reflexology massage could relieve itching or pruritus in hemodialysis patients. It is, therefore, recommended that it can be used as an effective intervention technique to alleviate itching in hemodialysis patients.