bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La démarche de compliance ou la mise en œuvre d’une approche inversée
Authors: Favro Karine
Published: June 2018

Oscillant entre démarche éthique et principe éminemment juridique qui suppose que les acteurs dans la vie des affaires se conforment à la réglementation en vigueur, la compliance reste difficile à cerner. Indéfinissable, la compliance est en réalité tout autre chose que sa pâle traduction française qui la réduit à la conformité. C’est d’ailleurs à cette traduction qu’il est fait référence dans le RGPD. La compliance n’est pas un mirage, mais un objet dont le droit se saisit comme de coutume au gré des besoins, mais sans prendre la peine de le définir. Or, la démarche qui y est sous-tendue entre difficilement dans nos catégories juridiques, et suppose à tout le moins, la mise en œuvre d’une méthode de respect des règles qui se développe à l’endroit des responsables de traitement des données, sous le regard bienveillant des autorités de régulation. Le but est de garantir un niveau de protection élevé des individus dans le respect des droits de la personnalité, mais également l’intégrité des données jusqu’au dernier maillon de la chaîne. Dans le domaine de la protection des données personnelles, la compliance s’impose à la lecture du RGPD comme la seule manière de moraliser le marché par l’implication des acteurs.
Protection des données personnelles et droit à l’information
Authors: Mallet-Poujol Nathalie
Published: June 2018

La réflexion sur la protection des données personnelles a creusé les fondations d’un droit à l’information. Selon l’usage des données contenues dans l’information délivrée, se pose la question de leur communicabilité, confidentialité ou enregistrement. Cependant, si l’information est indéniablement un vecteur de transparence, et un outil d’autodétermination des personnes dont les données ont été collectées, il n’en demeure pas moins que certaines collectes, traitements ou conservations de données restent opaques. La réflexion permet également d’asseoir les instruments de régulation de façon à préserver ou réduire l’accès aux informations nominatives par les tiers. La protection des données personnelles ne peut donc pas être opposée au droit à l’information avec la même intransigeance que le droit à la vie privée, la collecte des données obéissant souvent à des motifs techniques ou d’intérêt général. Le dispositif légal fait cependant utilement barrage à la mise en œuvre intempestive d’un droit à l’information. Toutefois, le changement d’échelle résultant de la diffusion des données sur le réseau internet invite à reconsidérer certaines pratiques de mise à disposition, donc d’accès aux données, fussent-elles légales. L’équilibre est à trouver à l’heure du big data et l’open data.
La portabilité des données personnelles et non personnelles, ou comment penser une stratégie européenne de la donnée
Authors: Zolynski Célia , Le Roy Marylou
Published: June 2018

Près de quarante ans après son entrée en vigueur, les principes fondateurs de loi Informatique et libertés sont toujours pertinents. C’est la raison pour laquelle les législateurs ont fait le choix symbolique de ne pas abroger la loi fondatrice du 6 janvier 1978 mais de la modifier dans le cadre de l’entrée en application du règlement général sur la protection des données (RGPD). La loi relative à la protection des données qui sera prochainement adoptée a pour objet d’assurer la mise en conformité de notre droit national avec les nouvelles exigences européennes et surtout de préciser, par le biais de la cinquantaine de marges de manœuvre du RGPD, certaines dispositions ou d’octroyer plus de garanties que ce que prévoit le droit européen. La nouvelle législation sur la protection des données personnelles, qui nécessite de combiner la lecture du RGPD à la loi Informatique et libertés, repose sur une logique de mise en pouvoir d’agir des individus, notamment par la promotion d’un nouveau droit emblématique : le droit à la portabilité des données. Il s’agit désormais de penser plus généralement ce droit dans le contexte de la construction progressive d’un droit de la donnée.
Le DPO et le secteur de la communication
Authors: Alix Pascal
Published: June 2018

Le correspondant informatique et libertés (CIL), dont la désignation est aujourd’hui facultative – hormis dans le cas où l’organisme souhaite obtenir le label «  gouvernance  » de la CNIL, est un acteur important de la conformité en matière de protection des données à caractère personnel, notamment au sein des grands organismes. L’actuel CIL a la possibilité de «  faire toute recommandation au responsable des traitements  » et de sensibiliser l’encadrement et l’ensemble des salariés sur la protection des données au sein de leur organisme. Avec l’entrée en vigueur du RGPD, le Data protection officer (DPO) va succéder, dans certains cas, à l’actuel CIL. Mais ses missions et son rôle sont, en raison de l’évolution de la conformité au sein des organismes, différents et plus étendus que ceux de l’actuel CIL. Pour autant, cette contribution revient sur le rôle spécifique du DPO dans le cadre des entreprises de communication afin de montrer à quel point son action sera déterminante lorsqu’il s’agira de mettre en œuvre des actions de marketing, d’encadrer et de communiquer sur le traitement et la protection des données. Dans certains cas, le CIL pourrait se maintenir et compléter son action afin de concilier au mieux le respect de la liberté d’expression au regard de la protection des données personnelles.
Effective Treatment of Pediatric Eating Disorders
Authors: Ariail Ashley , Carpenter Elizabeth , Smith Twyala , Sacco Briana
Published: June 2018

Eating disorders are prevalent in the pediatric population yet underdiagnosed by pediatric health care professionals. The gold standard of care consists of a multidisciplinary team approach including a therapist, registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN), and psychiatrist, combined with family-centered treatment. Although families do not cause eating disorders, they are essential to a child's recovery from an eating disorder. Psychoeducation, supportive limit setting, processing relational dynamics, and externalizing the eating disorder are therapeutic interventions used in the treatment of an eating disorder. The RDN provides assessment, education, and guidance with food and nutrition, as well as establishing goal weight and implementing meal plans. Over time, the RDN assists with integrating the patient and family into their normal lifestyle, including guiding adjustments in the meal plan for weight maintenance, increasing activity, dining out, and increasing the variety of foods consumed. Psychopharmacological interventions help target comorbid psychiatric conditions but should be used in conjunction with other therapeutic interventions to effectively treat pediatric eating disorders.

[
Pediatr Ann.
2018;47(6):e250–e253.]
Medical Complications of Eating Disorders in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Monge Maria C. , Loh Miranda
Published: June 2018

Eating disorders affect millions of children, adolescents, and their families worldwide, and the pediatric primary care provider is often the first line of evaluation for these patients. Eating disorders affect nearly every system in the body, and signs and symptoms vary depending on patient behaviors (restrictive eating, binge eating, purging). Because the diagnosis is not always straightforward, a clinician's ability to recognize the potential medical complications of eating disorders early in their course can help facilitate timely treatment and an appropriate level of support. Most of these medical complications improve or resolve with nutritional rehabilitation and cessation of eating disorder behaviors. Refeeding severely underweight patients should be approached with caution as there is potential for significant fluid and electrolyte derangement that may worsen a patient's clinical status. Prompt recognition of the medical complications of eating disorders can improve short-term and long-term health in these children and adolescents.

[
Pediatr Ann.
2018;47(6):e238–e243.]
Identifying and Preventing Eating Disorders in Adolescent Patients with Obesity
Authors: Taylor Sharonda Alston , Ditch Sarah , Hansen Shana
Published: June 2018

Adolescents with obesity are not immune to developing disordered eating and eating disorders. They most commonly present with atypical or subthreshold criterion due to excess body weight or questions regarding the presence of a distorted body image. Patients with premorbid overweight/obesity and subsequent achievement of weight loss may lead to delays in the recognition and treatment of disordered eating and eating disorders. In fact, disordered eating and eating disorders tend to be higher in those undergoing weight management. This article describes risk factors for the development of eating disorders, common features of eating disorders in adolescents with obesity, and provides recommendations for prevention strategies.

[
Pediatr Ann.
2018;47(6):e232–e237.]
Fireworks-Related Injury in Children
Authors: Dowd M. Denise
Published: June 2018

Many children are attracted to the color, noise, light, and excitement generated by fireworks. Both home and public displays of fireworks are a festive part of American culture, enjoyed on holidays, during sporting events, and on a variety of other occasions. However, fireworks pose a risk of serious injury to children and youth. Each year, thousands of children sustain major and minor injuries due to fireworks, with many resulting in permanent disability. Regulations concerning private sales and use of fireworks vary greatly from state to state, so children's exposure varies geographically. Fortunately, by leaving fireworks to professionals, injuries to both adults and children can be prevented.

[
Pediatr Ann.
2018;47(6):e227–e229.]
Grammatical Remarks in The Commentary of Abraham Ibn Ezra on Qohelet
Authors: Gómez Aranda Mariano
Published: June 2018

Abraham Ibn Ezra considera que el estudio de la gramática hebrea es el método más importante para establecer el significado literal de una palabra o de un versículo bíblico. Podemos encontrar sus teorías gramaticales no sólo en sus obras específicas de gramática, sino también en sus comentarios bíblicos. En su Comentario a Qohelet, Ibn Ezra hace numerosas observaciones sobre la pronunciación y peculiaridades de las consonantes hebreas, la morfología de nombres y verbos, algunas estructuras sintácticas específicas y otras similares. En este artículo, se examinan estas teorías en conexión con las obras gramaticales de este autor y con las opiniones de los gramáticos anteriores, sobre todo Juda Hayyuy y Jona ibn Yanah.
Recipientes bíblicos VI † Baqbuq
Authors: Rubiato Díaz M.ª Teresa
Published: June 2018

El término baqbuq (1 Re 14,3 y Jer 19,1.10), atestiguado solamente en el texto hebreo de la Biblia antes de pasar al hebreo moderno, está bien identificado con el recipiente de cerámica del Hierro II de cuello estrecho y un asa que aparece en los estratos de las excavaciones de Israel desde el siglo IX hasta finales del siglo VI a. C.
La música en las Coplas de Yosef haŝaḍic de Abraham Toledo (1732)
Authors: Seroussi Edwin
Published: June 2018

La copla sefardí de Las hazañas de José (Coplas de Yosef haŝaḍic) está formada por dos tipos de estrofas: la gran mayoría son cuartetas que narran la historia bíblica, intercaladas entre las cuales hay poesías líricas en las que se expresan emociones de los personajes u oraciones de alabanza a Dios. En las dos primeras de las cinco ediciones hoy conocidas (Constantinopla 1731-1732 y 1754-1755) esas poesías líricas están encabezadas por epígrafes que aluden a la ejecución musical original del poema de Toledo. El presente artículo es un intento de descifrar tales términos: la mayor parte se refieren a modos y ritmos de la tradición musical artística otomana, mientras que otros se refieren a la melodía de poesías religiosas hebreas bien conocidas en los círculos en los que la obra de Toledo era representada inicialmente.
El tema de la Trinidad en el Libro de la ley de Alfonso de Valladolid
Authors: Diamond Jeff
Published: June 2018

El presente artículo examina la defensa que Alfonso de Valladolid hace del tema de la Trinidad en su libro titulado Libro de la ley. Para situar esta defensa en el contexto de la polémica medieval judeo-cristiana, los comentarios sobre el texto de Alfonso van precedidos por una breve descripción de cómo esta polémica ha centrado sus argumentos, tanto por el lado judío como por el lado cristiano, en el tema de la Trinidad. Las observaciones sobre el texto de Alfonso se centran en los temas cabalísticos que el autor empleó para apoyar sus argumentos, la acusación que Alfonso lanza contra los judíos de «encubrir» sus creencias en la Trinidad, y la perspectiva de Alfonso del proceso histórico que lleva a la humanidad hasta la revelación de la Trinidad.
La villa de Arándiga, del señorío de los Martínez de Luna, en el siglo XV: sus judíos
Authors: Marín Padilla Encarnación
Published: June 2018

No disponible
Usage silencieux du téléphone portable et interactions quotidiennes
Authors: Zamit Fredj
Published: June 2018

L’article de Fredj Zamit étudie l’usage silencieux du téléphone portable au regard de la communication interpersonnelle non-distante. L’auteur essaie de montrer comment l’usage en question engendre des mutations dans les interactions quotidiennes entre des personnes partageant les mêmes lieux publics.Le téléphone portable représente un espace de fuite et favorise l’enfermement de l’utilisateur par rapport à son environnement. L’individu établit une interaction conviviale avec son appareil au détriment de la communication non-verbale (gestuelle, posturale, faciale etc.) avec l’Autre.Mais faut-il considérer comme un mal a priori le fait que les porteurs de téléphone cherchent à éviter le contact, à s’afficher ostensiblement comme isolé, en communication avec un autre distant ou bien simplement en train de jouer ?La lecture dans le métro n’a-t-elle pas d’abord ce but, ce que personne ne critique. Ce comportement peut également être interprété comme la recherche d’un substitut qui vient combler l’absence d’un interlocuteur réel.
Performance, gut morphometry and enzymatic activity of broilers fed neonatal supplementation in housing
Authors: Santos Tatiane Souza dos , Barbieri Adriano , Araujo Robert Guaracy Aparecido Cardoso , Polycarpo Gustavo Do Valle , Pinheiro Daniela Felipe , Cruz-Polycarpo Valquíria Cação
Published: June 2018

The objective was to evaluate the performance, relative organ weight, morphometry, intestinal length and pancreatic enzyme activity of broilers receiving neonatal supplementation. A total of 900 Cobb 500 broiler chicks was housed in 30 boxes of 2.5 m². The treatments were divided in a completely randomized design with six replications, and consisted of five inclusion levels (0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10 grams per bird). The supplement used was based of amino acids, vitamins and minerals, which was provided on the ration on the first day in the housing. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS (2008) and when significant broken down using a polynomial regression. Due to the inclusion of the neonatal supplement in the period from one to seven and one to 21 days of age, the feed intake presented a linear effect and the weight gain, a quadratic effect. The relative weights of the gizzard and liver showed a quadratic effect, and the inclusions of 4.18 and 3.41 grams/bird provided the lowest weights, respectively. The jejunum villi height decreased with supplementation as well as the activity of pancreatic lipase. It can be concluded that neonatal supplementation benefited the performance of birds up to 21 days of age.
Analysis of growth curves in different lineages of Caipira broiler type
Authors: Araujo Caroliny Costa , Rodrigues Kênia Ferreira , Vaz Roberta Gomes Marçal Vieira , Conti Ana Carolina Muller , Amorim Aline Ferreira , Campos Carla Fonseca Alves
Published: June 2018

The objective of this work was to identify, by means of different statistical criteria the ideal nonlinear regression model to describe the growth curve of three lineages of caipira broiler for meat production. A total of 90 birds were used, being 30 birds from each of the following lineages: Pescoço Pelado, Carijó and Pesadão Vermelho. The individual body weight of broilers (1, 7, 14, 21,28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63, 70, 77, 84 and 91 days of age) was collected weekly for determination of growth curves by means of Models von Bertalanffy, Gompertz, Logistic, Richards and Brody. The parameters of Brody model did not converge to the weight of strains. The model that better adjusted to the data was Logistic.
Interincompreensão e argumentação no discurso
Authors: Farias Otávia Marques de
Published: June 2018

Neste artigo, propomos uma reflexão teórica acerca das possibilidades de articulação entre o conceito de interincompreensão e o tratamento da argumentação na Análise do Discurso de linha francesa. Tomando como base Maingueneau (1983, 2005), entendemos a interincompreensão como ausência de compreensão mútua no interdiscurso. A argumentação, por sua vez, é considerada com base em Orlandi (1998) e Amossy (2006, 2007, 2011). A partir da constatação de que a interincompreensão estabelece a impossibilidade de um lugar discursivo acessar outro diferente de si, problematizamos qual seria, então, o papel da argumentação em uma teoria do discurso que não ignora o fato de ser a interpretação dos enunciados do ‘outro’ sempre uma tradução, realizada por meio das regras do ‘mesmo’. Concluímos que a argumentação permanece desempenhando papel de extrema relevância, já que é ela que garante a sobrevivência de cada discurso (ainda que temporariamente), ao mesmo tempo em que participa da ordem da História, sendo esta a responsável pelas transformações nas respostas que se apresentam para satisfazer as vontades de verdade de dada sociedade, em dado momento. Para ilustrar, ao final, apresentamos um caso exemplar em que se evidencia a relação entre interincompreensão, argumentação e ordem da História.
Dual Roles for Ikaros in Regulation of Macrophage Chromatin State and Inflammatory Gene Expression
Authors: Oh Kyu-Seon , Gottschalk Rachel A. , Lounsbury Nicolas W. , Sun Jing , Dorrington Michael G. , Baek Songjoon , Sun Guangping , Wang Ze , Krauss Kathleen S. , Milner Joshua D. , Dutta Bhaskar , Hager Gordon L. , Sung Myong-Hee , Fraser Iain D. C.
Published: June 2018

Macrophage activation by bacterial LPS leads to induction of a complex inflammatory gene program dependent on numerous transcription factor families. The transcription factor Ikaros has been shown to play a critical role in lymphoid cell development and differentiation; however, its function in myeloid cells and innate immune responses is less appreciated. Using comprehensive genomic analysis of Ikaros-dependent transcription, DNA binding, and chromatin accessibility, we describe unexpected dual repressor and activator functions for Ikaros in the LPS response of murine macrophages. Consistent with the described function of Ikaros as transcriptional repressor, Ikzf1−/− macrophages showed enhanced induction for select responses. In contrast, we observed a dramatic defect in expression of many delayed LPS response genes, and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing analyses support a key role for Ikaros in sustained NF-κB chromatin binding. Decreased Ikaros expression in Ikzf1+/− mice and human cells dampens these Ikaros-enhanced inflammatory responses, highlighting the importance of quantitative control of Ikaros protein level for its activator function. In the absence of Ikaros, a constitutively open chromatin state was coincident with dysregulation of LPS-induced chromatin remodeling, gene expression, and cytokine responses. Together, our data suggest a central role for Ikaros in coordinating the complex macrophage transcriptional program in response to pathogen challenge.
Effects of luxury brand perceptions on brand attachment and purchase intention: A comparative analysis among consumers in China, Hong Kong and Taiwan
Authors: Ku Te-Hsing , Lin Tzu-Ling
Published: June 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among luxury brand perceptions (i.e. individual value, social influence and luxury brand image), luxury brand attachment and luxury brand purchase intention. In addition, the study examines the influence of antecedents on brand attachment and purchase intention among consumers in China, Hong Kong and Taiwan (i.e. the Greater China region). Using an empirical research method, the effects of luxury perceptions on brand attachment and purchase intention are tested using the partial least squares (PLS) approach to structural equation modelling. Differences in the structural relationship among subsamples were also examined by multi-group analysis to achieve a better understanding of the characteristics of different markets, thus contributing to the marketing strategy knowledge. According to the study results, antecedents, including individual value, social influence and luxury brand image, significantly influence brand attachment and purchase intention. Furthermore, the group comparisons suggest that the three subsamples have different characteristics with respect to the structural relationship. In the China subsample, brand attachment is more likely to be influenced by social influence. In comparison, Hong Kong consumers are more rational, that is, brand attachment and purchase intention are strongly influenced by consumer’s perception of luxury brand image. Finally, the purchase intention of Taiwanese consumers mainly depends on the affection for the luxury brand.
Espacios alternativos de libertad durante la Transición. Breve historia de las radios libres en España (1976-1983)
Authors: García-Gil Samuel , Gómez García Salvador , Reguero Sanz Itziar
Published: June 2018

Este trabajo expone la importancia y singularidad del movimiento de las radios libres en España durante la Transición Española. Se pretende definir qué es una radio libre y cómo fue su evolución y desarrollo desde sus inicios en 1976 hasta 1983 a través de las emisoras más representativas. Metodología. Se han consultado fuentes bibliográficas y hemerográficas (El País, ABC y La Vanguardia), así como documentos y publicaciones vinculadas al movimiento de radios libres. También se han realizado entrevistas a fundadores de emisoras libres históricas. Resultados y conclusiones. Las radios libres fueron un fenómeno comunicativo heterogéneo y paralelo a los medios convencionales: eran participativas, reivindicativas y sin ánimo de lucro, entre otras cualidades. Se ofrece un censo de todas las emisoras que operaron en estos años destacando las iniciativas pioneras de Cataluña, País Vasco, Navarra y Madrid.
Ozone response to emission reductions in the southeastern United States
Authors: Blanchard Charles L. , Hidy George M.
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Ozone (O3) formation in the southeastern US is studied in relation to
nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions using long-term (1990s–2015)
surface measurements of the Southeastern Aerosol Research and
Characterization (SEARCH) network, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
O3 measurements, and EPA Clean Air Status and Trends Network
(CASTNET) nitrate deposition data. Annual fourth-highest daily peak 8 h
O3 mixing ratios at EPA monitoring sites in Georgia, Alabama, and
Mississippi exhibit statistically significant (p < 0.0001) linear
correlations with annual NOx emissions in those states
between 1996 and 2015. The annual fourth-highest daily peak 8 h O3
mixing ratios declined toward values of ∼ 45–50 ppbv and monthly
O3 maxima decreased at rates averaging
∼ 1–1.5 ppbv yr−1. Mean annual total oxidized nitrogen
(NOy) mixing ratios at SEARCH sites declined in proportion
to NOx emission reductions. CASTNET data show declining wet
and dry nitrate deposition since the late 1990s, with total (wet plus dry)
nitrate deposition fluxes decreasing linearly in proportion to reductions of
NOx emissions by ∼ 60 % in Alabama and Georgia.
Annual nitrate deposition rates at Georgia and Alabama CASTNET sites
correspond to 30 % of Georgia emission rates and 36 % of Alabama
emission rates, respectively. The fraction of NOx emissions
lost to deposition has not changed. SEARCH and CASTNET sites exhibit downward
trends in mean annual nitric acid (HNO3) concentrations. Observed
relationships of O3 to NOz
(NOy–NOx) support past model predictions
of increases in cycling of NO and increasing responsiveness of O3 to
NOx. The study data provide a long-term record that can be
used to examine the accuracy of process relationships embedded in modeling
efforts. Quantifying observed O3 trends and relating them to
reductions in ambient NOy species concentrations offers key
insights into processes of general relevance to air quality management and
provides important information supporting strategies for reducing
O3 mixing ratios.
Airborne observations of newly formed boundary layer aerosol particles under cloudy conditions
Authors: Altstädter Barbara , Platis Andreas , Jähn Michael , Baars Holger , Lückerath Janine , Held Andreas , Lampert Astrid , Bange Jens , Hermann Markus , Wehner Birgit
Published: June 2018

Abstract. This study describes the appearance of ultrafine boundary layer aerosol
particles under classical “non-favourable” conditions at the research
site of TROPOS (Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research). Airborne
measurements of meteorological and aerosol properties of the atmospheric
boundary layer (ABL) were repeatedly performed with the unmanned aerial
system ALADINA (Application of Light-weight Aircraft for Detecting IN-situ
Aerosol) during three seasons between October 2013 and July 2015. More than
100 measurement flights were conducted on 23 different days with a total
flight duration of 53 h. In 26 % of the cases, maxima of ultrafine
particles were observed close to the inversion layer at altitudes between 400 and
600 m and the particles were rapidly mixed vertically and mainly transported
downwards during short time intervals of cloud gaps. This study focuses on
two measurement days affected by low-level stratocumulus clouds, but
different wind directions (NE, SW) and minimal concentrations
(< 4.6 µg m−3) of SO2, as a common indicator for
precursor gases at ground. Taken from vertical profiles, the onset of clouds
led to a non-linearity of humidity that resulted in an increased turbulence
at the local-scale and caused fast nucleation
(e.g. Bigg, 1997; Wehner et al., 2010), but in relation to rapid dilution of
surrounding air, seen in sporadic clusters of ground data, so that ultrafine
particles disappeared in the verticality. The typical “banana shape”
(Heintzenberg et al., 2007) of new particle formation (NPF) and growth was not
seen at ground and thus these days might not have been classified as NPF
event days by pure surface studies.
Assessing the capability of different satellite observing configurations to resolve the distribution of methane emissions at kilometer scales
Authors: Turner Alexander J. , Jacob Daniel J. , Benmergui Joshua , Brandman Jeremy , White Laurent , Randles Cynthia A.
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Anthropogenic methane emissions originate from a large number of fine-scale
and often transient point sources. Satellite observations of atmospheric
methane columns are an attractive approach for monitoring these emissions but
have limitations from instrument precision, pixel resolution, and measurement
frequency. Dense observations will soon be available in both low-Earth and
geostationary orbits, but the extent to which they can provide fine-scale
information on methane sources has yet to be explored. Here we present an
observation system simulation experiment (OSSE) to assess the capabilities of
different satellite observing system configurations. We conduct a 1-week
WRF-STILT simulation to generate methane column footprints at
1.3 × 1.3 km2 spatial resolution and hourly temporal resolution
over a 290 × 235 km2 domain in the Barnett Shale, a major
oil and gas field in Texas with a large number of point sources. We sub-sample
these footprints to match the observing characteristics of the recently
launched TROPOMI instrument (7 × 7 km2 pixels, 11 ppb
precision, daily frequency), the planned GeoCARB instrument
(2.7 × 3.0 km2 pixels, 4 ppb precision, nominal twice-daily
frequency), and other proposed observing configurations. The information
content of the various observing systems is evaluated using the Fisher
information matrix and its eigenvalues. We find that a week of TROPOMI
observations should provide information on temporally invariant emissions at
∼ 30 km spatial resolution. GeoCARB should provide information
available on temporally invariant emissions ∼ 2–7 km spatial
resolution depending on sampling frequency (hourly to daily). Improvements to
the instrument precision yield greater increases in information content than
improved sampling frequency. A precision better than 6 ppb is critical for
GeoCARB to achieve fine resolution of emissions. Transient emissions would be
missed with either TROPOMI or GeoCARB. An aspirational high-resolution
geostationary instrument with 1.3 × 1.3 km2 pixel resolution,
hourly return time, and 1 ppb precision would effectively constrain the
temporally invariant emissions in the Barnett Shale at the kilometer scale
and provide some information on hourly variability of sources.
Eddy flux measurements of sulfur dioxide deposition to the sea
surface
Authors: Porter Jack G. , de Bruyn Warren , Saltzman Eric S.
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Deposition to the sea surface is a major atmospheric loss pathway for many important trace gases, such as sulfur dioxide, (SO2). The air/sea transfer of SO2 is controlled entirely on the atmospheric side of the air/sea interface due to high effective solubility and other physical/chemical properties. There have been few direct field measurements of such fluxes due to the challenges associated with making fast response measurements of highly soluble trace gases at very low ambient levels. In this study, we report direct eddy covariance air/sea flux measurements of SO2, sensible heat, water vapor, and momentum. The measurements were made over shallow coastal waters from the Scripps Pier, La Jolla, CA using negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry as the SO2 sensor. The observed transfer velocities for SO2, sensible heat, water vapor, and momentum and their wind speed-dependences indicate that SO2 fluxes can be reliably measured using this approach. As expected, the transfer velocities for SO2, sensible heat, and water vapor are smaller than that for momentum, demonstrating the contribution of molecular diffusion to the overall air-side resistance to gas transfer. Furthermore, transfer velocities of SO2 were smaller than those of sensible heat and water vapor when observed simultaneously. This result is attributable to diffusive behavior in the interfacial layer of the air/sea interface.
An instrument for quantifying heterogeneous ice nucleation in multiwell plates using infrared emissions to detect freezing
Authors: Harrison Alexander D. , Whale Thomas F. , Rutledge Rupert , Lamb Stephen , Tarn Mark D. , Porter Grace C. E. , Adams Michael , McQuaid James B. , Morris George J. , Murray Benjamin J.
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Low concentrations of ice nucleating particles (INPs) are thought to be important for the properties of mixed-phase clouds, but their detection is challenging. While instruments to quantify INPs online can provide relatively high time resolution data, they typically cannot quantify very low INP concentrations. Furthermore, typical online instruments tend to report data at a single defined set of conditions. Hence, there is a need for instruments where INP concentrations of less than 0.01 L−1 can be routinely and efficiently determined. The use of larger volumes of suspension in drop assays increases the sensitivity of an experiment to rarer INPs or rarer active sites due to the increase in aerosol or surface area of particulates per droplet. Here we describe and characterise the InfraRed-Nucleation by Immersed Particles Instrument (IR-NIPI), a new immersion freezing assay that makes use of IR emissions to determine the freezing temperature of individual 50 μL droplets each contained in a well of a 96-well plate. Using an IR camera allows the temperature of individual aliquots to be monitored. Freezing temperatures are determined by detecting the sharp rise in well temperature associated with the release of latent the release of heat caused by freezing. In this paper we first present the calibration of the IR temperature measurement, which makes use of the freezing period after initial nucleation when wells warm and their temperature is determined by the ice-liquid equilibrium temperature, i.e. 0 °C when the water activity is ~ 1. We then tested the temperature calibration using ~ 100 µm chips of K-feldspar, by immersing these chips in 1 µL droplets on an established cold stage (µL-NIPI) as well as in 50 µL droplets on IR-NIPI; the results were consistent with one another indicating no bias in the reported freezing temperature. In addition we present measurements of the efficiency of the mineral dust NX-illite and a sample of atmospheric aerosol collected on a filter in the city of Leeds. NX-illite results are consistent with literature data and the atmospheric INP concentrations were in good agreement with the results from the µL-NIPI instrument. This demonstrates the utility of this approach, which offers a relatively high throughput of sample analysis and access to low INP concentrations.
Statistical analysis of the correlation between the equatorial electrojet and the occurrence of the equatorial ionisation anomaly over the East African sector
Authors: Mungufeni Patrick , Habarulema John Bosco , Migoya-Orué Yenca , Jurua Edward
Published: June 2018

Abstract. This study presents statistical quantification of the correlation between
the equatorial electrojet (EEJ) and the occurrence of the equatorial ionisation
anomaly (EIA) over the East African sector. The data used were for quiet
geomagnetic conditions (Kp ≤ 3) during the period 2011–2013. The
horizontal components, H, of geomagnetic fields measured by magnetometers
located at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (dip lat. ∼1∘ N), and Adigrat,
Ethiopia (dip lat. ∼6∘ N), were used to determine the EEJ
using differential techniques. The total electron content (TEC) derived from Global
Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals using 19 receivers located along
the 30–40∘ longitude sector was used to determine the EIA
strengths over the region. This was done by determining the ratio of TEC over
the crest to that over the trough, denoted as the CT : TEC ratio. This technique
necessitated characterisation of the morphology of the EIA over the region. We
found that the trough lies slightly south of the magnetic equator
(0–4∘ S). This slight southward shift of the EIA trough
might be due to the fact that over the East African region, the general
centre of the EEJ is also shifted slightly south of the magnetic equator. For the
first time over the East African sector, we determined a threshold daytime
EEJ strength of ∼ 40 nT that is mostly associated with prominent EIA
occurrence during a high solar activity period. The study also revealed that
there is a positive correlation between daytime EEJ and EIA strengths, with a
strong positive correlation occurring during the period 13:00–15:00 LT. Keywords. Ionosphere (equatorial ionosphere)
Numerical simulation of oblique ionospheric heating by powerful radio waves
Authors: Liu Moran , Zhou Chen , Wang Xiang , Ni Bin Bin , Zhao Zhengyu
Published: June 2018

Abstract. In this paper, we investigate the ionospheric heating by oblique incidence of powerful high-frequency (HF) radio waves using three-dimensional numerical simulations. The ionospheric electron density and temperature perturbations are examined by incorporating the ionospheric electron transport equations and ray-tracing algorithm. The energy distribution of oblique incidence heating waves in the ionosphere is calculated by the three-dimensional ray-tracing algorithm. The calculation takes into consideration the electric field of heating waves in the caustic region by the plane wave spectral integral method. The simulation results show that the ionospheric electron density and temperature can be disturbed by oblique incidence of powerful radio waves, especially in the caustic region of heating waves. The oblique ionospheric heating with wave incidence parallel and perpendicular to the geomagnetic field in the mid-latitude ionosphere is explored by simulations, results of which indicate that the ionospheric modulation is more effective when the heating wave propagates along the magnetic field line. Ionospheric density and temperature striations in the caustic region due to thermal self-focusing instability are demonstrated, as well as the time evolution of the corresponding fluctuation spectra.
Longitudinal discontinuities in riverine greenhouse gas dynamics generated by dams and urban wastewater
Authors: Jin Hyojin , Yoon Tae Kyung , Begum Most Shirina , Lee Eun-Ju , Oh Neung-Hwan , Kang Namgoo , Park Ji-Hyung
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Riverine emissions of CO2 and other greenhouse gases (GHGs) represent crucial, but poorly constrained components of the global GHG budgets. Three major GHGs – CO2, CH4, and N2O – have rarely been measured simultaneously in river systems modified by human activities, adding uncertainties to the estimates of global riverine GHG emissions. Measurements of C isotopes in dissolved organic carbon (DOC), CO2, and CH4 were combined with basin-wide surveys of three GHGs in the Han River, South Korea to investigate the effects of dams and urban water pollution as primary controls on GHG dynamics in the highly human-impacted river basin with a population > 25 million. Monthly monitoring and two-season comparison were conducted at 6 and 15 sites, respectively, to measure surface water concentrations of three GHGs, along with DOC and its optical properties. The basin-wide surveys were complemented with a boat cruise along the lower reach and synoptic samplings along a polluted tributary delivering effluents from a large wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) to the lower reach. The basin-wide surveys of three GHGs revealed distinct increases in the concentrations of three gases along the lower reach receiving urban tributaries enriched in GHGs and DOC. Compared to the spatial patterns of GHGs observed in the upper and lower reaches, the levels of pCO2 were consistently lower across the impounded middle reach, whereas concentrations of CH4 and N2O were relatively high in some impoundment-affected sites. Similar levels and temporal variations in three GHGs at the WWTP effluents and the receiving tributary indicated a disproportionate contribution of the WWTP to the tributary exports of DOC and GHGs. Measurements of δ13C in surface water CO2 and CH4 sampled during the cruise along the lower reach, combined with δ13C and Δ14C in dissolved organic matter (DOM) sampled across the basin, implied that longitudinal decreases in Δ14C in DOM mighte be associated with wastewater-derived, old DOM in urban tributaries, which, together with enhanced photosynthesis and CH4 oxidation in the eutrophic lower reach, appear to constrain downstream changes in δ13C in CO2 and CH4. The overall results suggest that dams and urban wastewater may create longitudinal discontinuities in riverine metabolic processes leading to large spatial variations in three GHGs. Further research is required to evaluate the relative contributions of anthropogenic and autochthonous sources to GHG pulses along the lower reach and constrain key factors for the contrasting impoundment effects including autotrophy-driven decreases in pCO2 and in-lake production of CH4 and N2O.
Hazards of decreasing marine oxygen: the near-term and millennial-scale benefits of meeting the Paris climate targets
Authors: Battaglia Gianna , Joos Fortunat
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Ocean deoxygenation is recognized as key ecosystem stressor of the future
ocean and associated climate-related ocean risks are relevant for current policy
decisions. In particular, benefits of reaching the ambitious
1.5 ∘C warming target mentioned by the Paris Agreement compared to
higher temperature targets are of high interest. Here, we model oceanic
oxygen, warming and their compound hazard in terms of metabolic conditions
on multi-millennial timescales for a range of equilibrium temperature
targets. Scenarios where radiative forcing is stabilized by 2300 are used
in ensemble simulations with the Bern3D Earth System Model of Intermediate
Complexity. Transiently, the global mean ocean oxygen concentration decreases
by a few percent under low forcing and by 40 % under high forcing. Deoxygenation
peaks about a thousand years after stabilization of radiative forcing and new
steady-state conditions are established after AD 8000 in our model. Hypoxic waters
expand over the next millennium and recovery is slow and remains incomplete
under high forcing. Largest transient decreases in oxygen are projected for
the deep sea. Distinct and near-linear relationships between the
equilibrium temperature response and marine O2 loss emerge. These point to
the effectiveness of the Paris climate target in reducing marine hazards and
risks. Mitigation measures are projected to reduce peak decreases in oceanic
oxygen inventory by 4.4 % ∘C−1 of avoided equilibrium warming.
In the upper ocean, the decline of a metabolic index, quantified by the ratio
of O2 supply to an organism's O2 demand, is reduced by
6.2 % ∘C−1 of avoided equilibrium warming. Definitions of peak
hypoxia demonstrate strong sensitivity to additional warming. Volumes of water
with less than 50 mmol O2 m−3, for instance, increase between
36 % and 76 % ∘C−1 of equilibrium temperature response. Our results
show that millennial-scale responses should be considered in assessments of
ocean deoxygenation and associated climate-related ocean risks. Peak hazards
occur long after stabilization of radiative forcing and new steady-state
conditions establish after AD 8000.
Short Communication: Challenges and Applications of Structure-from-Motion Photogrammetry in a Physical Model of a Braided River
Authors: Leduc Pauline , Peirce Sarah , Ashmore Peter
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Extending the applications of Structure-from-Motion (SfM) photogrammetry in river flumes, we present the main challenges and methods used to collect a large dataset (> 1000 digital elevation models) of high-quality topographic data using close-range SfM photogrammetry with a resulting vertical precision of ~ 1 mm. Automatic target-detection, batch processing, and considerations for image quality were fundamental to successful implementation of SfM on such a large dataset, which was used primarily for capturing details of gravel-bed braided river morphodynamics and sedimentology. While the applications of close-range SfM photogrammetry are numerous, we include sample results from DEM differencing, which was used to quantify morphology change and provide estimates of water depth in braided rivers, as well as image analysis for mapping bed surface texture. These methods and results contribute to the growing field of SfM applications in geomorphology and close-range experimental settings in general.
The Takeover of Science Communication – Science Lost its Leading
Role in the Public Discourse of Carbon Capture and Storage
Research in Daily Newspapers in Germany
Authors: Schneider Simon
Published: June 2018

Abstract. CCS is an important issue that has played a major role in the agenda of scientists, researchers, and engineers. While the media representations of CCS in Germany from 2004 to 2014 showed significant characteristics of a medialization of the topic, this cannot be ascribed to science. Instead, CCS media coverage in Germany was dominated by other stakeholder groups. If Science will stay a pro-active element of science communication, new approaches for future science PR have be deduced to re-strengthen the role of science communication. Among these is the pursuit of a more differentiated understanding of target audiences and regional concerns. Science PR has to accept that the science itself is no longer the only stakeholder and actor within science communication.
On the appropriate definition of soil profile configuration and initial conditions for land surface–hydrology models in cold regions
Authors: Sapriza-Azuri Gonzalo , Gamazo Pablo , Razavi Saman , Wheater Howard S.
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Arctic and subarctic regions are amongst the most
susceptible regions on Earth to global warming and climate change.
Understanding and predicting the impact of climate change in these regions
require a proper process representation of the interactions between climate,
carbon cycle, and hydrology in Earth system models. This study focuses on
land surface models (LSMs) that represent the lower boundary condition of
general circulation models (GCMs) and regional climate models (RCMs), which
simulate climate change evolution at the global and regional scales,
respectively. LSMs typically utilize a standard soil configuration with a
depth of no more than 4 m, whereas for cold, permafrost regions, field
experiments show that attention to deep soil profiles is needed to
understand and close the water and energy balances, which are tightly
coupled through the phase change. To address this gap, we design and run a
series of model experiments with a one-dimensional LSM, called CLASS
(Canadian Land Surface Scheme), as embedded in the MESH (Modélisation
Environmentale Communautaire – Surface and Hydrology) modelling system, to
(1) characterize the effect of soil profile depth under different climate
conditions and in the presence of parameter uncertainty; (2) assess the
effect of including or excluding the geothermal flux in the LSM at the
bottom of the soil column; and (3) develop a methodology for temperature
profile initialization in permafrost regions, where the system has an
extended memory, by the use of paleo-records and bootstrapping. Our study
area is in Norman Wells, Northwest Territories of Canada, where measurements
of soil temperature profiles and historical reconstructed climate data are
available. Our results demonstrate a dominant role for parameter
uncertainty, that is often neglected in LSMs. Considering such high
sensitivity to parameter values and dependency on the climate condition, we
show that a minimum depth of 20 m is essential to adequately represent
the temperature dynamics. We further show that our proposed initialization
procedure is effective and robust to uncertainty in paleo-climate
reconstructions and that more than 300 years of reconstructed climate time
series are needed for proper model initialization.
On the relationship between atmospheric rivers, weather types and floods in Galicia (NW Spain)
Authors: Eiras-Barca Jorge , Lorenzo Nieves , Taboada Juan , Robles Alba , Miguez-Macho Gonzalo
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Atmospheric rivers (ARs) – long and narrow structures of
anomalously high water vapor flux located in the warm sector of extratropical
cyclones – have been shown to be closely related to extreme
precipitation and flooding. In this paper we analyze the connection
between ARs and flooding in the northwestern Spanish region of
Galicia under a variety of synoptic conditions represented by the
so-called “weather types”, a classification of daily sea-level pressure
patterns obtained by means of a simple scheme that adopts the subjective
procedure of Lamb. Flood events are identified from official reports
conducted by the Spanish emergency management agency (Protección Civil) from 1979 to 2010. Our
results suggest that, although most flood events in Galicia do not coincide
with the presence of an overhead AR, ARs are present in the
majority of severe cases, particularly in coastal areas. Flood events
associated with ARs are connected to cyclonic weather types with
westerly and southwesterly flows, which occur mostly
in winter months. The link between ARs and severe flooding is not very
apparent in inland areas or during summer months, in which case heavy
precipitation is usually not frontal in nature but rather
convective. Nevertheless, our results show that, in general, the amount of
precipitation in flood events in Galicia more than doubles when an AR is present.