bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DFT study of anthocyanidin and anthocyanin pigments for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: Electron injecting from the excited states and adsorption onto TiO2 (anatase) surface
Authors: Marcano Emildo
Published: June 2017

We explored, the absorption spectra, excited states and electronic injection parameters of anthocyanidin and anthocyanin pigments using the level of theory (TD)CAM-B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p). For the most isolated dyes, the distribution pattern of HOMO and LUMO spreads over the whole molecules, which lead an efficient electronic delocalization. The calculated light harvesting efficiencies (LHEs) are all near unity. Methoxy group in peonidin molecule lead the largest oscillator strength and LHE. The presence of water lead a higher spontaneous electronic inject process, with ΔG
The Claim of Right to Property: Social Violence and Political Right
Authors: Douglass Patrice D.
Published: June 2017

This article offers a close reading of The Order of Things by Michael Foucault and The Human Condition by Hannah Arendt, to argue that the positioning of the Human within scientific and political thought necessitates an underscoring of violence as it relates to blackness. This position interrogates how Arendt positions slavery in the Greek polis and the Roman res republica to establish her foci on modern political life. I offer an analysis of Prigg v. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, as complicating Arendt’s political dichotomy, by shifting focus to the legal history of US American slavery. Prigg rewrites and establishes the demarcations of US Federal and State law. However, the majority opinion and dissents make fleeting reference to the fugitive slave in question, Margaret Morgan, and the possibility that she may have been sexually violated while being forcibly returned to slavery. I conclude that the contours of this case, specifically the erasure of sexual violence, demonstrate how racial slavery provides contexts to modern political life not explored by Arendt’s primary concern with slavery in antiquity.
The Visual Life of Black Queer Diaspora
Authors: Smalls James
Published: June 2017

In this essay, I consider the ways in which the visual representations of four contemporary black queer diaspora artists – Nicholas Hlobo (South Africa), Zanele Muholi (South Africa), James Chuchu (Kenya), and Adejoke Tugbiyele (American-born Nigerian) – constitute, reflect, and challenge the porous intersectionality associated with the concepts ‘black,’ ‘queer,’ and ‘diaspora.’ The essay foregrounds the inter- and trans-cultural processes of visuality in highlighting the shifting terrains of black (African) and queer diasporic concerns that reside and circulate in physical and ideological spaces beyond the Anglo- and US-centric ones. As well, what follows offers the potential for opening up new horizons and nuanced significations within and beyond these categories. The investigation begins broadly by first exploring the slipperiness of the notions ‘black,’ ‘queer,’ and ‘diaspora,’ and then examines selected forms of visual representation that both sustain and disrupt the intersecting dimensions of these ideas. The essay takes interest in envisioning a diasporic future that liberates black queer lives and imagination.
Phase Characteristics of the Countermovement Jump Force-Time Curve: A Comparison of Athletes by Jumping Ability
Authors: Sole Christopher J. , Mizuguchi Satoshi , Sato Kimitake , Moir Gavin L. , Stone Michael H.
Published: June 2017

Sole, CJ, Mizuguchi, S, Sato, K, Moir, GL, and Stone, MH. Phase characteristics of the countermovement jump force-time curve: a comparison of athletes by jumping ability. J Strength Cond Res 32(4): 1155–1165, 2018—The purpose of this study was to compare the phase characteristics of the countermovement jump (CMJ) force-time (F-t) curve between athletes based on jumping ability. An initial sample of one-hundred fifty Division-I collegiate athletes were ranked based on CMJ height. Three performance groups were then formed by taking the top, middle, and lower 30 athletes (15 men and 15 women) from the sample. Phases of the CMJ F-t curve were determined and then characterized by their duration, magnitude, area (impulse), and shape (shape factor). A series of 3-way mixed analysis of variance were used to determine statistical differences in phase characteristics between performance groups as well as between male and female athletes. Statistically significant phase-by-performance group interactions were observed for relative phase magnitude (p < 0.001), relative phase impulse (p < 0.001), and shape factor (p = 0.002). Phase-by-sex interactions were statistically significant for both relative phase magnitude (p < 0.001) and relative phase impulse (p < 0.001). Post hoc comparisons indicated that higher jumpers exhibited larger relative magnitude and impulse in the phases contained within the positive area of the F-t curve. Similarly, relative phase magnitude and impulse were the only phase characteristics to be statically different between men and women. Finally, the relative shape of the phase representing the initial rise in force was found to relate to jump height. These results provide some information regarding the diagnostic value of qualitative analysis of the CMJ F-t curve.
In-frame seven amino-acid duplication in AIP arose over the last 3000 years, disrupts protein interaction and stability and is associated with gigantism
Authors: Salvatori Roberto , Radian Serban , Diekmann Yoan , Iacovazzo Donato , David Alessia , Gabrovska Plamena , Grassi Giorgia , Bussell Anna-Marie , Stals Karen , Weber Astrid , Quinton Richard , Crowne Elizabeth C , Corazzini Valentina , Metherell Lou , Kearney Tara , Du Plessis Daniel , Sinha Ajay Kumar , Baborie Atik , Lecoq Anne-Lise , Chanson Philippe , Ansorge Olaf , Ellard Sian , Trainer Peter J , Balding David , Thomas Mark G , Korbonits Márta
Published: June 2017

Objective

Mutations in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein (AIP) gene are associated with pituitary adenoma, acromegaly and gigantism. Identical alleles in unrelated pedigrees could be inherited from a common ancestor or result from recurrent mutation events.

Design and methods

Observational, inferential and experimental study, including:AIPmutation testing; reconstruction of 14AIP-region (8.3 Mbp) haplotypes; coalescent-based approximate Bayesian estimation of the time to most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) of the derived allele; forward population simulations to estimate current number of allele carriers; proposal of mutation mechanism; protein structure predictions; co-immunoprecipitation and cycloheximide chase experiments.

Results

Nine European-origin, unrelated c.805_825dup-positive pedigrees (four familial, five sporadic from the UK, USA and France) included 16 affected (nine gigantism/four acromegaly/two non-functioning pituitary adenoma patients and one prospectively diagnosed acromegaly patient) and nine unaffected carriers. All pedigrees shared a 2.79 Mbp haploblock aroundAIPwith additional haploblocks privately shared between subsets of the pedigrees, indicating the existence of an evolutionarily recent common ancestor, the ‘English founder’, with an estimated median tMRCA of 47 generations (corresponding to 1175 years) with a confidence interval (9–113 generations, equivalent to 225–2825 years). The mutation occurred in a small tandem repeat region predisposed to slipped strand mispairing. The resulting seven amino-acid duplication disrupts interaction with HSP90 and leads to a marked reduction in protein stability.

Conclusions

The c.805_825dup allele, originating from a common ancestor, associates with a severe clinical phenotype and a high frequency of gigantism. The mutation is likely to be the result of slipped strand mispairing and affects protein–protein interactions and AIP protein stability.
30 YEARS OF THE MINERALOCORTICOID RECEPTOR: The brain mineralocorticoid receptor: a saga in three episodes
Authors: Joëls Marian , de Kloet E Ronald
Published: June 2017

In 1968, Bruce McEwen discovered that3H-corticosterone administered to adrenalectomised rats is retained in neurons of hippocampus rather than those of hypothalamus. This discovery signalled the expansion of endocrinology into the science of higher brain regions. With this in mind, our contribution highlights the saga of the brain mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) in three episodes. First, the precloning era dominated by the conundrum of two types of corticosterone-binding receptors in the brain, which led to the identification of the high-affinity corticosterone receptor as the ‘promiscuous’ MR cloned in 1987 by Jeff Arriza and Ron Evans in addition to the classical glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Then, the post-cloning period aimed to disentangle the function of the brain MR from that of the closely related GR on different levels of biological complexity. Finally, the synthesis section that highlights the two faces of brain MR: Salt and Stress. ‘Salt’ refers to the regulation of salt appetite, and reciprocal arousal, motivation and reward, by a network of aldosterone-selective MR-expressing neurons projecting from nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) and circumventricular organs. ‘Stress’ is about the limbic-forebrain nuclear and membrane MRs, which act as a switch in the selection of the best response to cope with a stressor. For this purpose, activation of the limbic MR promotes selective attention, memory retrieval and the appraisal process, while driving emotional expressions of fear and aggression. Subsequently, rising glucocorticoid concentrations activate GRs in limbic-forebrain circuitry underlying executive functions and memory storage, which contribute in balance with MR-mediated actions to homeostasis, excitability and behavioural adaptation.
Efeito da língua, estilo de elocução e sexo do falante sobre medidas globais da frequência fundamental
Authors: Arantes Pablo , Linhares Maria Érica Do Nascimento
Published: June 2017

Analisamos o efeito do sexo, do estilo de elocução e da língua (alemão, estoniano, francês, inglês, italiano, português e sueco) sobre estimadores de tendência central e dispersão da frequência fundamental da fala. Os estilos são entrevista, leitura de frases e de palavras. As línguas diferem entre si em termos do valor típico de F0 usado por seus falantes. O estilo leitura de frases apresenta valores maiores do que a entrevista, mas o efeito não é uniforme entre as línguas. Diferenças significativas entre o estilo leitura de palavras e entrevista são mais raros. Todos os estimadores de tendência central estudados sofreram efeitos dos três fatores testados. Os homens apresentaram variabilidade de F0 ligeiramente maior do que as mulheres de forma significativa em três de cinco estimadores. O estilo entrevista tem maior variabilidade em dois. As línguas não diferem em termos de variabilidade de F0.********************************************************************Effect of language, speaking style and speaker sex on global measures of fundamental frequencyWe analyze the effect of speaker sex, speaking style and language (English, Estonian, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, Swedish) on global statistical measures of the voice fundamental frequency. The styles studied are interview, sentence reading and word list reading. Typical F0 values used by speakers among languages differ both in male and female speakers. Sentence reading has slightly higher values than interview, but the effect is not uniform among languages. In few cases word reading and interview values differ significantly. All central tendency estimators are affected by the variables tested. Three out of five estimators of dispersion show slightly higher values for male than for female speakers. Among styles, the interview has higher standard deviation and coefficient of variation. Languages do not differ among themselves in terms of F0 variability.Keywords: Fundamental frequency; Acoustic phonetics; Speaking styles; Sociophonetics
Foreword
Authors: Brescancini Cláudia Regina , Foulkes Paul
Published: June 2017

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New distribution records for Neriidae (Diptera, Schizophora) from northeastern Brazil
Authors: Braga Izabela Souza , Pereira-Colavite Alessandre , Creão-Duarte Antonio José
Published: June 2017

The geographic ranges in Brazil of 4 species of Neriidae are widened. New records are recorded of the following species and Brazilian states: Eoneria blanchardi Aczél, 1951 from Pernambuco and Paraíba, Glyphidops carrerai Aczél, 1961 and Glyphidops filosus (Fabricius, 1805) from Bahia and Paraíba, and Nerius pilifer Fabricius, 1805 from Paraíba. A referential map is included to these species.
ПРО ШЛЯХИ ВДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ УПРАВЛІННЯ ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНОЮ ПРИВАБЛИВІСТЮ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ ХАРЧОВОЇ ПРОМИСЛОВОСТІ
Authors: Колесник В. І.
Published: June 2017

Cтаттю присвячено розгляду шляхів підвищення інвестиційної привабливості підприємств хар-чової промисловості. Визначаються проблеми сьогодення при залученні інвестицій до сектору харчо-вої промисловості. Обґрунтовано доцільність застосування управлінського консалтингу як інноваційно-го шляху підвищення інвестиційної привабливості підприємств даного сектору. Пропонується систем-ний підхід до управління факторами інвестиційної привабливості, який є індиферентним до внутріш-ньогалузевого поділу підприємств харчової промисловості.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНИХ СИСТЕМ І ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ В СИСТЕМІ ОБЛІКУ ТА КОНТРОЛЮ
Authors: Маркова Т. Д. , Пчелянська Г. Б.
Published: June 2017

У статті досліджено особливості використання комп’ютерних інформаційних технологій в сис-темі обліку та контролю в сфері підприємницької діяльності. Проаналізовано переваги та недоліки їх застосування в процесі ведення та прийняття рішень щодо управління бізнесом, враховуючи вимоги сучасного ринку конкурентоспроможності. Визначено змістовну сутність поняття «інформаційне суспі-льство» та обґрунтовано її вплив у життєдіяльності суб’єктів господарювання.
ПАРАДИГМЫ СОЦИОТЕХНИЧЕСКОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ И ПОДГОТОВКА ИНЖЕНЕРНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ КАДРОВ В XXI ВЕКЕ
Authors: Ангелов Г. В. , Шевченко А. А.
Published: June 2017

С гуманистических позиций анализируются проблемы современных парадигм социотехнической деятельности и подготовки инженерно-экономических кадров. Установлена теоретическая и практическая возможность рационального формирования парадигм социотехнической деятельности и соответствующих им научных и организационных мероприятий подготовки инженерно-экономических кадров. Представлены основные тенденции формирования методов современного образования, соответствующих новейшему отечественному и иностранному опыту.
ЕКОНОМІКА ВРАЖЕНЬ – СУЧАСНИЙ ЕТАП РОЗВИТКУ СУСПІЛЬНОГО ВИРОБНИЦТВА
Authors: Дишкантюк О. В.
Published: June 2017

В статті розглянуто передумови розвитку економіки вражень як сучасного етапу суспільного виробництва; визначено сутність кінцевих та проміжних послуг сфери гостинності та кінцевого її продукту; досліджено логістичні ланцюги сфери гостинності, що формують продукт гостинності та наведено приклади їх існування.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ СУЧАСНОГО СТАНУ ТА НАПРЯМІВ ПОБУДОВИ СТРАТЕГІЇ ВІДНОВЛЕННЯ ВИНОГРАДАРСТВА ТА ВИНОРОБСТВА В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Агеєва І. М. , Небеснюк Ю. В.
Published: June 2017

В даній статті розглянуті теоретико-методичні основи щодо вдосконалення стратегічногоуправління у виноробній галузі України. У зв’язку з помилками, яки були допущені в аграрній політиціУкраїни, виноградарство із високорентабельної галузі перетворилося у низькодоходну і навіть збитко-ву галузь, тому є шанс відновити галузь за рахунок побудови нової стратегії відновлення. Наведеноаналіз стану розвитку виноградарства і виноробства в світі. Зроблено висновок про необхідність вдос-коналення і розвитку цих галузей в Україні. Наявність об'єктивних передумов для розвитку диктуютьнеобхідність збільшення обсягів виробництва та поліпшення якості вітчизняних вин, оптимізації струк-тури споживання алкогольних напоїв, розробки і впровадження конкурентоспроможності здатних інно-ваційних технологій, інтеграції в світовий ринок вина.
ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ БАНКІВСЬКОГО КРЕДИТУВАННЯ МАЛОГО ТА СЕРЕДНЬОГО БІЗНЕСУ В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Мартиновський В. С. , Бурага Л. С.
Published: June 2017

Статтю присвячено дослідженню ефективності банківського кредитування малого та середньо-го бізнесу в Україні. Проаналізовано кількість та якість наданих кредитів суб’єктам господарювання;розглянуто суми наданих кредитів в розрізі областей та секторів економіки; проаналізовано розміррічних відсотків по кредитах. Виявлено основні недоліки в сфері кредитування малого та середньогопідприємництва. Внесені пропозиції щодо підвищення ефективності кредитування малого та серед-нього бізнесу.
ЕКСПЕРТНЕ ПІДТВЕРДЖЕННЯ ОБЛІКОВО-АНАЛІТИЧНОЇ ІНФОРМАЦІЇ
Authors: Іванченкова Л. В. , Ткачук Г. О. , Скляр Л. Б.
Published: June 2017

В даній статті виділено напрями організації експертних досліджень на підприємстві. Узагальнено інформацію щодо видів експертиз для ідентифікації фінансово-економічних правопорушень звизначенням очікуваного результату від експертизи. Проведена систематизація методичних прийомів,за допомогою яких встановлюються докази протиправних дій в економічній сфері. Визначено основніфункції експертної служби підприємства.
TRENDS IN THE GRAIN MARKET OF UKRAINE
Authors: Fomichova K.
Published: June 2017

This article explores the current state of the grain industry in Ukraine, the main problems and trendsof its development in the current economic conditions. The export potential of grain production has been investigated, economic feasibility and prospects of grain industry development in Ukraine have beengrounded, the amount of production and cereals consumption in the world have been analyzed and summarized.
ANALYSIS AND STRUCTURING OF EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL FACTORS OF INFLUENCE ON COMPETITIVENESS OF ENTERPRISE
Authors: Baraniuk Kh.
Published: June 2017

The article describes the main factors that affect the competitiveness and efficiency of enterprises including small business enterprises in the food industry. The study of the stages of regular activities of theenterprise was made and the classification of external and interrnal factors that affect the efficiency andcompetitiveness of the enterprise in the context of the stages of its implementation was considered.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ НАПРЯМІВ ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ СТРАТЕГІЇ ДИВЕРСИФІКАЦІЇ НА ПІДПРИЄМСТВАХ ВИНОРОБНОЇ ГАЛУЗІ
Authors: Седікова І. О. , Петрочко Н. А.
Published: June 2017

В роботі проведено системне дослідження напрямів впровадження стратегії диверсифікації такомплексу заходів щодо впровадження даної стратегії на підприємствах виноробної галузі, а також їїефективного використання для забезпечення конкурентоспроможності підприємства. Здійснено комплексний аналіз стратегії ТОВ «ПТК Шабо» та виявленні напрями розвитку стратегії диверсифікації.Проведено: аналіз конкурентоспроможності підприємства (карти стратегічних груп конкурентів за параметрами: широта асортименту – ціна та обсяги виробництва – якість; багатокутник конкурентоспро-можності); здійснено портфельний аналіз підприємства за допомогою матриць БКГ та Мак-Кінсі; розроблено SPACE-аналіз та визначення стратегії підприємства.
SANITATION AUDIT AS A TOOL FOR MANAGING THE FINANCIAL RESULTS OF THE COMPANY
Authors: Nemchenko V. , Nemchenko G. , Kaouane Youcef
Published: June 2017

The article deals with the procedure for determining the structure of the financial results ofenterprises, search for sources of increasing profits. It is shown that the economic policy of the governmentleads to the bankruptcy of small and medium-sized businesses, and therefore proposes the use of sanationaudit. In the article the typical mistakes are identified during the audit of revenues and companyperformance.
СПЕЛЬТА – ПРИШЛО ЕЕ ВРЕМЯ
Authors: Фадеев Л. В.
Published: June 2017

Вызовы времени. Уважаемый читатель, к нам обратился руководитель фирмы, производящий муку из зерна спельты и макароны из нее. Просьба звучала просто – можем ли мы обрушить спельту. Опыта обрушивания спельты у нас не было, но поскольку мы выпускаем уникальное оборудование для обрушивания подсолнечника на ядро (вакуумная рушка), то согласились проверить, как это оборудование справится с обрушиванием спельты. Результат - абсолютный. Взявшись за эту статью, я намеревался написать только о технологии обрушивания спельты и показать результат. Но, углубившись в тему «полбаспельта», открыл для себя так много интересного, что счел необходимым поделиться с читателем мыслями, некоторые из которых лежат в плоскости каких-то философских обобщений.
Releasing the GENIE and Other Tips for Life Sciences Teachers
Authors: Jennings Barbara A. , Bassi Harpreet , Loke Yoon K.
Published: June 2017

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. This paper describes practical tips and tools for delivering life sciences teaching, it is based on the authors' experiences at Norwich Medical School (NMS), which opened in 2002 at the University of East Anglia. The inaugural medical curriculum, including its ethos and how it is perceived by staff and students, have all been described previously.⁽¹⁻³⁾ Our 5 year medical degree at NMS is a modular, systems-based programme that integrates theory and clinical practice from the beginning. We use problem based learning (PBL) but teaching is also delivered via clinical placement; structured and simulated patient teaching; and via formal lectures and workshops. Core social science themes and life science themes run longitudinally through the course and spiral delivery of learning outcomes allows students to re-visit our themes, and particular topics, with increasing complexity.We offer ten tips here, about delivering the curricula for genetics, pharmacology, and prescribing. One challenge that we face, with a modular degree programme, is that we meet our students intermittently and throughout their years of study, and our science curriculum has been developed in response to this.
Evaluation of resonance compaction of sand fills based on cone penetration tests
Authors: Massarsch Karl Rainer , Fellenius Bengt H.
Published: June 2017

A case history in which a 14 m thick sand fill was compacted by the resonance compaction method is presented. The execution of the resonance compaction method (equipment and process) is described in detail. In this method, a heavy vibrator is mounted on top of a purpose-built compaction probe that has large openings in the wall to minimise its mass, as low mass enhances compaction. The vibration amplification effect, which occurs when the vibrator–probe–soil system is operated at system frequency, results in an enhanced compaction effect and reduced compaction time. The results of field trials where the compaction effect was measured in terms of ground settlement (compression) and cone penetration tests (CPTs) are reported. The increase in cone stress and sleeve friction was measured 2 d and 7 d following compaction. An important aspect of deep vibratory compaction is a permanent increase in the horizontal effective stress, which is reflected by the change in sleeve friction after compaction. Based on CPT results, it is possible to determine the modulus number and preconsolidation stress, which is needed for settlement analyses according to the tangent modulus method.
The Effect of the Pursuit for Existential Authenticity by Tourists on Their Preference for Independent Travel and Solo Travel: The Moderating Effect of Age
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Shim Chang-Sup , Kim Chung-Ah
Published: June 2017

This study examined the impact of the sub-dimensions of existential authenticity on preference for independent travel and solo travel. It also analyzed the moderating effects of age in terms of the relationship that exists between existential authenticity and preference for independent travel and solo travel. To achieve the research objective, we surveyed 341 adults and analyzed the results using an exploratory factor analysis, multiple regression, and step-wise regression. The findings were as follows: First, both sub-dimensions of existential authenticity positively influenced preference for independent travel. Second, intra-personal authenticity positively influenced preference for solo travel while inter-personal authenticity did not significantly influence it. Third, age moderated the relationship between inter-personal authenticity and preferences for both types of travel. However, the relationship between intra-personal authenticity and preferences for both types of travels were not significantly moderated by age. These findings have both theoretical and practical implications, particularly in terms of the role of sub-dimensions of existential authenticity in the tourist experience.
The Effects of Flight Attendants’ Job Demand and Ostracism on Job Engagement and Social Behaviors
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Joo Eun-Kyung , Choi Min-Hye , Kim In-Sin
Published: June 2017

The purposes of this study were to (1) examine the impacts of job demands and workplace ostracism on job engagement of flight attendants , and (2) verify whether or not job engagement of the flight attendants influences pro- and anti-social behavior. Based on the literature review, four hypotheses were derived. The conceptually proposed model was empirically tested with data collected from 238 flight attendants in the three international airports in South Korea. The results showed that (1) job demands and workplace ostracism of flight attendants had negative impacts on work engagement, and (2) job engagement of flight attendants had positive influence on pro-social behavior, and negative influence on anti-social behavior. Based on the results some theoretical and practical implications were discussed.
Legal Perspectives on the Role of Culture In Sustainable Development
Authors: Du Plessis Anél , Rautenbach Christa
Published: June 2017

This article introduces some legal perspectives on the role of culture in sustainable development. The authors agree that sustainable development has been designed as an environmental concept but that room exists for the more prominent inclusion of some form(s) of the notion "culture" in the sustainable development equation.  It is shown that the fluid nature and meaning of "culture" may require a distinction between the role of "culture" per se and the role of "cultural governance" in the sustainable development context.  It is suggested that "cultural governance" as a notion may be more distinct and exact than "culture" itself.  The more functional notion of "good cultural governance" is preferred as a benchmark in the sustainable development equation, with the implication that cultural governance occurs in accordance with a certain standard.  This standard is briefly considered by looking at the meaning of good cultural governance as a notion that encompasses both cultural governance and good governance generally.   The article is set in the South African context but also invokes some law and policy developments internationally, regionally and sub-regionally to depict how issues of culture have been infiltrating the sustainable development discourse and to distil some of the substantive benchmarks for good cultural governance.
Rural Development within the Context of Development, Sustainability and Rural Issues – Some Constitutional, Policy and Implementation Perspectives
Authors: Olivier Nic , Van Zyl Carin
Published: June 2017

This article provides an overview of some developments, internationally, regionally and in the SADC, in relation to development, that may be expected to influence the South African government’s response to the development needs of the people in the country.  An overview is provided of the somewhat haphazard way in which the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 refers to the need for and objective of development (including rural development) in the country.  Through their explanatory outline of three distinct phases in South African rural development law and policy: 1994–2000 (the Reconstruction and Development Programme and related documents and their implementation); 2000–April 2009 (the Integrated Sustainable Rural Development Strategy and its implementation) and April 2009+ (the Comprehensive Rural Development Programme and related documents), the authors review some of the historical strengths and future prospects related to rural development in South Africa.  Based on an assessment of historical trends, a number of recommendations are made for government’s way forward in the implementation of the constitutional objectives, law and policy relevant to rural development in the country.
The South African constitutional Court and the Rule of Law: The Masethla Judgment, A Cause for Concern
Authors: Krüger Rósaan
Published: June 2017

The rule of law as a foundational constitutional value constrains the exercise of public power but the precise limits of the constraints it sets are not well defined. In Masethla v President of the Republic of South Africa,[1] the majority of the Constitutional Court opted for an interpretation of this value that frees the President from adherence to the demands of procedural fairness when exercising certain constitutional powers. This note will investigate the soundness of that interpretation against the background of theoretical expositions of the rule of law and earlier Constitutional Court judgments.
Some Tax Implications of Traditional Knowledge Under Conventional Intellectual Property
Authors: Gutuza Tracy
Published: June 2017

The proposed incorporation of traditional intellectual property into the definition of copyright, trade-marks and designs as defined in the Copyright Act,[1] the Trade Marks Act[2] and the Designs Act[3] may affect the income tax liability of parties where traditional knowledge is the object of such a transaction. The aim of this contribution is to consider the potential income tax consequences of this incorporation for those receiving income and incurring expenditure in relation to the use or disposal of traditional knowledge
Fixation of Planktonic Samples v1
Authors: Sullivan Matthew
Published: June 2017

Modified after Glöckner et al. 1999
Lysis Buffer v1
Authors: Lab DeLong
Published: June 2017

Adapted from Steripak protocol, with addition of RNase.
Ascorbic-EDTA Buffer v1
Authors: Cunningham B.R. , J.R. Brum not provided , S.M. Schwenck not provided , M.B. Sullivan not provided , S.G. John not provided
Published: June 2017

For use in Wet-mount Method for Enumeration of Aquatic Viruses
SN Maintenance Medium for Synechococcus v1
Authors: Waterbury & JM Willey JB
Published: June 2017

Reference: JB Waterbury & JM Willey. Isolation and growth of marine planktonic cyanobacteria. 1988. Methods in Enzymology 167: 100-105.
Purification of viruses by centrifugation v1
Authors: E. Lawrence and Grieg F. Steward Janice
Published: June 2017

Lawrence, J. E., and G. F. Steward. 2010. Purification of viruses by centrifugation, p. 166–181. In S. W. Wilhelm, M. G. Weinbauer, and C. A. Suttle [eds.], Manual of Aquatic Viral Ecology. ASLO. Please see the published manuscript for additional information.
Column-free plasmid miniprep v1
Authors: Vigdorovich Vladimir
Published: June 2017

This is a protocol for plasmid minipreps that does not involve any columns and uses commonly accessible reagents. While it doesn't result in highly pure DNA, it can provide a sufficientquantity of plasmidforsequencing,restriction analysis, preparativedigests. Beware of the large amount of RNA that co-purifies with plasmid DNA (it acts as an efficient carrier during the nucleic acid precipitation step). This contamination will make it impossible to determine DNA concentration from standard 280-nm absorbance readings.Credits: I first learned this protocol from the old-style protocols for bacmid purification using the Bak-to-Bac system (Invitrogen). In that system, the large (>50 kb) bacmid molecules were deemed too fragile for the Qiagen spin columns.
An. gambiae complex species identification by PCR v1
Authors: Gomes Fabio
Published: June 2017

Scott, JA, WG brogdon, and FH Collins, Identification of single specimens of the Anopholes gambiae complex by the polymerase chain reaction. Am J Trop Med Hyg, 1993. 49(4): p. 520-9
Use Bambus2 scaffolding module v1
Authors: not provided Afiahayati , Sato K not provided , Namiki T not provided , Hachiya T not provided , Tanaka H not provided , Sakakibara Y. not provided
Published: June 2017

Bambus2 is a scaffolding module that can be applicable to metagenomics settings. MetaVelvet uses a novel graph splitting algorithm during contiging process, and uses the scaffolding module of Velvet (RockBand and Pebble) during scaffolding process. Alternatively, users can output MetaVelvet contigs and uses Bambus2 scaffolding module instead of using RockBand and Pebble.
Positive and Negative Staining of Viruses on TEM Grids v1
Authors: Brum Jennifer
Published: June 2017

Purpose: This protocol describes how to negatively or positively stain viruses that have been deposited onto TEM grids so that they can be imaged using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Positive staining stains the virus itself such that the virus is dark against a lighter background (Figure 1A). This is the easiest staining to do and yields results suitable for analyzing the morphological diversity of viruses from aquatic samples. Negative staining relies on some stain remaining around the edges of a virus such that the details of the virus are clearly defined (Figure 1B). Negative staining is more difficult and is used to obtain publication quality micrographs of viruses. Note: To deposit viruses onto the grids prior to staining, use either the “Adsorbing Viruses onto TEM Grids” protocol or the “Quantitatively Depositing Viruses onto TEM Grids” protocol. Grids should be stained immediately after depositing viruses onto them.
Using ImageJ to Measure Viral Dimensions in Micrographs v1
Authors: Brum Jennifer
Published: June 2017

Purpose: This protocol describes the use of ImageJ to measure dimensions of viruses in TEM micrographs, but can be applied to the measurement of anything in any image. The ImageJ program can be downloaded free (http://rsbweb.nih.gov/ij/) and it’s usage should be cited in publications using the reference listed on the website.
Estimation of Humus in Soil/Manure v1
Authors: S Bisen Prakash
Published: June 2017

Humus is a complex mixture of heterogeneous organic compounds derived from plant and animal residues and is formed by the reaction of decomposition, synthesis, and polymerization. It is an integral part of soil organic matter and can be extracted by neutral salts or alkali separating humic and nonhumic fraction. .
Non-Centrifuged Plaque Assay Sample Steps v1
Authors: Sullivan Matthew
Published: June 2017

For Transcriptomics During One-Step Growth Curves for Cellulophaga Phages protocol.
Filtering for Cell Collection v1
Authors: Lee SangHoon
Published: June 2017

Filtering protocol adapted from SangHoon Lee
Seydoux lab Cas9 preparation v1
Authors: Paix Alexandre , Andrew Folkmann not provided , Dominique Rasoloson not provided , Geraldine Seydoux not provided
Published: June 2017

This protocol is for purification of Cas9::NLSSV40::His6from: Paix A,Folkmann A,Rasoloson D, andSeydoux G (2015) High Efficiency, Homology-Directed Genome Editing in Caenorhabditis elegans Using CRISPR/Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein Complexes.Genetics genetics.115.179382; Early online July 17, 2015.doi:10.1534/genetics.115.179382 Please see the full manuscript for detail.
Quantification of aquatic viruses by flow cytometry v1
Authors: P. D. Brussaard Corina , Jérôme P. Payet not provided , Christian Winter not provided , and Markus G. Weinbauer not provided
Published: June 2017

This is a protocol from: Brussaard, C. P. D., J. P. Payet, C. Winter, and M. G. Weinbauer. 2010. Chapter 11: Quantification of aquatic viruses by flow cytometry. Manual of Aquatic Viral Ecology. Waco, TX:American Society of Limnology and Oceanography. doi:10.4319/mave.2010.978-0-9845591-0-7 Please see the published manuscript for additional information.
Gambierdiscus Whole Cell Hybridization v1
Authors: Pitz Katie
Published: June 2017

Protocol for labeling Gambierdiscus cells with FISH probes in PIG.
Detection of protein-synthesizing microorganisms in the environment via bioorthogonal non-canonical amino acid tagging (BONCAT) v1
Authors: Hatzenpichler and V. J Orphan R.
Published: June 2017

This protocol provides a detailed description of how to design and perform BONCAT experiments using two different bioorthogonal amino acids, L-azidohomoalanine (AHA) and L-homopropargylglycine (HPG), which are both surrogates of L-methionine. It illustrates how incorporation of these noncanonical amino acids into new proteins can be detected in whole cells via copper-catalyzed or strain-promoted azide-alkyne click chemistry and outlines how the visualization of translational activity can be combined with the taxonomic identification of cells via FISH. Last, the protocol discusses potential problems that might be encountered during BONCAT experiments with environmental samples and how they can be overcome. Book chapter describing thisBONCATprotocol is published in: Detection of Protein-Synthesizing Microorganisms in the Environment via Bioorthogonal Noncanonical Amino Acid Tagging (BONCAT) Authors: Roland Hatzenpichler and Victoria J. Orphan T.J. McGenity et al. (eds.), Hydrocarbon and Lipid Microbiology Protocols, Springer Protocols Handbooks, DOI 10.1007/8623_2015_61, © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015
Time 0 growth reading using a plate reader v1
Authors: Sullivan Matthew
Published: June 2017

For use in "One-step growth curve for Cyanophage"
MojoSort™ Human CD14 Selection Kit Protocol v1
Authors: Miller Kelsey
Published: June 2017

Product description and procedure summary: Target cells are either selected or depleted by incubating your sample with the biotin anti-human CD14 antibody (clone 63D3) followed by incubation with magnetic Streptavidin Nanobeads. The magnetically labeled fraction is retained by the use of a magnetic separator. These are the CD14+ cells, do not discard them if those are your cells of interest. Some of the downstream applications include functional assays, gene expression, phenotypic characterization, etc.
SWIFT™ Western Transfer Pads v1
Authors: not provided G-Biosciences
Published: June 2017

SWIFT™ Western Transfer Pads For Efficient High & Low MW Protein Transfer (Cat. # 786‐370 to 786‐375, 786‐370S, 786‐373S)
Gel-Free miRNA Illumina Library Preparation Protocol by TailorMix Gel-Free miRNA Sample Preparation Kit v1
Authors: Yip Karen , Kelvin Chan not provided , Danny Lee not provided
Published: June 2017

This is a magnetic bead-based protocol enables the generation of high quality Illumina miRNA libraries without the need of PAGE-gel size selection. Our protocol enables the discovery and profiling of miRNAs from various organisms and tissues via the Illumina sequencing platform. The unique TailorMix reagents and workflow have been developed for simplicity and reproducibility without sacrificing quality or yield. Features No need for PAGE-gel size selection Final miRNA libraries are cleaned up with magnetic bead-based protocol. Low input requirement Compatible for as little as 150ng total RNA input User friendly workflow Libraries can be prepared in a single day with less than one hour of hands on time. Comprehensive sample prep kit Most components are supplied as ready-to-use mixtures which improves consistency and reproducibility.
Dinoflagellate transformation v1
Authors: Lin Senjie
Published: June 2017

Protocol of dinoflagellate cell transformation
OmniPrep™ For High Quality Genomic DNA Extraction From Plant Tissue (Fresh or Frozen) v1
Authors: not provided G-Biosciences
Published: June 2017

The OmniPrep™ kit isolates high quality genomic DNA from many different species and tissue types including animal, plant, bacteria, yeast, fungi, whole blood, and cells in culture. DNA can be isolated from samples high in polysaccharides or other contaminants that are difficult to remove from the DNA preparations. This protocol is for use with plant tissue.Please refer to the appropriate protocol depending on your application.
OmniPrep™ For High Quality Genomic DNA Extraction From Mouse Tail Tissue v1
Authors: not provided G-Biosciences
Published: June 2017

The OmniPrep™ kit isolates high quality genomic DNA from many different species and tissue types including animal, plant, bacteria, yeast, fungi, whole blood, and cells in culture. DNA can be isolated from samples high in polysaccharides or other contaminants that are difficult to remove from the DNA preparations. This protocol is for use with mouse tail tissue. Please refer to the appropriate protocol depending on your application.
Fractionation of Light and Heavy Mitochondria by Gradient Cushion using the FOCUS™ Mitochondria Kit v1
Authors: not provided G-Biosciences
Published: June 2017

This protocol is part of theFOCUS™ Mitochondria Kit collection. Please refer to the appropriate protocol depending on your application.
Isolation of Mitochondria from Animal Cells using the FOCUS™ Mitochondria Kit v1
Authors: not provided G-Biosciences
Published: June 2017

This protocol is for processing 20x106 cells (or ~100µl wet cell pellet). It can be scaled up and down accordingly. Itis part of theFOCUS™ Mitochondria Kit collection. Please refer to the appropriate protocol depending on your application.
Protocol for STO Cell Transfection by FuGENE HD v2
Authors: Gurevich Misha , V. Katerov not provided
Published: June 2017

Protocol for Transfection Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells.
Isolation of Mitochondria from Hard Tissues (Skeletal or Heart Muscle) using the FOCUS™ Mitochondria Kit v1
Authors: not provided G-Biosciences
Published: June 2017

This protocol is part of theFOCUS™ Mitochondria Kit collection. Please refer to the appropriate protocol depending on your application. For facilitating homogenization of the hard tissue, 0.25mg/ml Trypsin should be added to 1X SubCell Buffer-II. A concentrated BSA solution is needed to quench the proteolytic reaction after Trypsin treatment.
A Non-Interfering™ (NI) Protein Assay (high throughput 96-well) v1
Authors: not provided G-Biosciences
Published: June 2017

The Non-Interfering™ Protein Assay is a colorimetric assay fordetermining protein concentrations in protein loading buffer (Laemmli buffer), high β-mercaptoethanol concentrations,and in lipid and vesicle preparations.
Uploading data to imicrobe/ivirus FTP v1
Authors: Youens-Clark Ken
Published: June 2017

Both the iMicrobe (http://imicrobe.us) and iVirus (http://ivirus.us) sites accept user data via an FTP (file transfer protocol) site (ftp://ftp.imicrobe.us). These are instructions for connecting and transferring data to us for inclusion in our database, the iPlant Data Store, and public availability via our FTP site.
VBRC Base By Base: Export an image of the alignment v1
Authors: Tang Nick
Published: June 2017

Viral Bioinformatic Resource Centre Provide databases of viral genomic information. Please check theOrganismsmenu to see which viruses we support: we’re now focusing on large DNA viruses The VOCs (Virus Orthologous Clusters) database is at the heart of our system. The database links directly to integrated tools for comparative analyses. VOCs sorts genes into ortholog clusters (e.g. RNA polymerase) to simplify data retrieval. Provide easy access to the genes, gene families, and genomes of the different virus families. via a unique series of powerful Java tools that support multiple computer platforms (seeVBRC Tools menu). design and build software to tackle specific bioinformatics/virology problems, often in collaboration with virologists. Rally the research community to provide expert curation of these viral genomes by: Adding value to GenBank sequences through enhancing and updating genome annotations Linking to research reviews/papers for the research community. Collaborate with researchers to help on specific bioinformatics problems, e.g. Custom searches of the databases Building new features into our tools Help with genome annotation
Modeling ecological drivers in marine viral communities using comparative metagenomics and network analyses v1
Authors: Hurwitz Bonnie , Ken Youens-Clark not provided
Published: June 2017

Long-standing questions in marine viral ecology are centered on understanding how viral assemblages change along gradients in space and time. However, investigating these fundamental ecological questions has been challenging due to incomplete representation of naturally occurring viral diversity in single gene- or morphology-based studies and an inability to identify up to 90% of reads in viral metagenomes (viromes). In this protocol, I describe how to usean annotation- and assembly-free strategy for comparative metagenomics that combines shared k-mer and social network analyses (regression modeling). This robust statistical framework enables visualization of complex sample networks and determination of ecological factors driving community structure. This tutorial describes a protocol to reproduce work from thePacific Ocean virome comprised of 32 viromes from diverse sites in the Pacific Ocean. "Modeling ecological drivers in marine viral communities using comparative metagenomics and network analyses" (July 7, 2014, doi: 10.1073/pnas.1319778111,PNAS July 22, 2014 vol. 111 no. 29 10714-10719) Code is freely available atGithub.
Protocol for washing and modifying QCM-D sensors v1
Authors: Linderberg Victoria
Published: June 2017

This protocol describes how to wash QCM-D sensors before usage and how to modify their surface using a composition of symmetric (oligo)ethylene glycol (OEG) disulfides consisting of 99% dS-OEG and 1% dS-OEG-biotin.
Investigating non-specific protein binding and streptavidin binding using QCM-D sensing v1
Authors: Linderberg Victoria
Published: June 2017

This protocol describes how to check the quality of modified QCM-D sensors and how to study protein interactions using QCM-D sensing.
Script P8: Phage Replication Cycle v1
Authors: GD HANNIGAN , GRICE EA not provided , ET AL. not provided
Published: June 2017

This protocol provides a method for predicting the proportions of phage replication cycles within the skin virome. We will be looking at three markers for temperate phages: 1) presence of integrase genes, 2) presence of ACLAME database prophage elements, and 3) similarity to bacterial genomes. Based on the methods found in the following publication: Hannigan, Geoffrey D., et al. "The Human Skin Double-Stranded DNA Virome: Topographical and Temporal Diversity, Genetic Enrichment, and Dynamic Associations with the Host Microbiome."mBio6.5 (2015): e01578-15.
Stellaris® RNA FISH Alternative Protocol for Adherent Cells v1
Authors: Biosearch Technologies LGC
Published: June 2017

This alternative adherent cell protocol utilizes a methanol based fixation which can be effective at reducing background fluorescence under certain circumstances.
1X CviRI Assay Buffer v1
Authors: DUNIGAN AND IRINA AGARKOVA DAVID
Published: June 2017

For use in CviRI Purification From XZ-6E Virus Infected NC64A Chlorella.
CviJI Buffer A v1
Authors: Dunigan and Irina Agarkova David
Published: June 2017

For use in CviJI Purification From IL-3A Virus Infected NC64A Chlorella.
PBCV-1 Virus Plaque Assay v1
Authors: Dunigan and Irina Agarkova David
Published: June 2017

PBCV-1 is a large plaque virus (approximately 2-3 mm in diameter). The plaque size of the viruses reflects the length of the virus replication cycle. PBCV-1 has a life cycle of about 6-8 hours. When titering you should use plates that were poured no more than 1 day before the time of use. Variable plaque formation will result if fresh plates are not used. (This is similar to a phage phenomenon.) Pyrex petri dishes do give more uniform plaque formation versus the plastic, however this is not so critical as with slower growing NC64A viruses.
EPPS recipe for dissolved cobalt analyses v1
Authors: Bundy Randie
Published: June 2017

This is a protocol for making a trace metal clean 0.5 mol L-1EPPS (N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-N-(3-propanesulfonic acid) solution for dissolved cobalt analyses.
Nitrite reagent for dissolved cobalt analyses v1
Authors: Bundy Randie
Published: June 2017

This protocol describes the procedures for making a 1.5 mol L-1 nitrite reagent for measuring total dissolved and labile cobalt using cathodic stripping voltammetry.
Total RNA Purification from Plasma or Serum (ISOLATE II Biofluids RNA Kit) v1
Authors: not provided Bioline
Published: June 2017

Protocol for RNA Purification form Plasma or Serum, using the ISOLATE II Biofluids RNA Kit. This protocol includes the lysate preparation procedure.