bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distributed video coding scheme of multimedia data compression algorithm for wireless sensor networks
Authors: Ma Ning
Published: November 2019

The emergence of multimedia data has enriched people’s lives and work and has penetrated into education, finance, medical, military, communications, and other industries. The text data takes up a small space, and the network transmission speed is fast. However, due to its richness, the multimedia data makes it occupy an ample space. Some high-definition multimedia information even reaches the GB level, and the multimedia data network transmission is relatively slow. Compared with the traditional scalar data, the multimedia data better describes the characteristics of the transaction, but at the same time, the multimedia data itself has a large capacity and must be compressed. Nodes of wireless multimedia sensor networks have limited ability to process data. Traditional data compression schemes require high processing power of nodes and are not suitable for sensor networks. Therefore, distributed video codec scheme in recent years becomes one of the hot multimedia sensor network technologies, which is a simple coding scheme, coding complexity of decoding performance. In this paper, distributed video codec and its associated knowledge based on the study present a distributed video coding scheme and its improvements. Aiming at the problem that the traditional distributed video coding scheme cannot accurately decode the motion severe region and the boundary region, a distributed video coding algorithm based on gradient-domain ROI is proposed, which can enhance the coding efficiency of the severe motion region and improve the decoded image while reducing the code rate and quality, ultimately reducing sensor node energy consumption.
An AARS variant as the likely cause of Swedish type hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with spheroids
Authors: Sundal Christina , Carmona Susana , Yhr Maria , Almström Odd , Ljungberg Maria , Hardy John , Hedberg-Oldfors Carola , Fred Åsa , Brás José , Oldfors Anders , Andersen Oluf , Guerreiro Rita
Published: November 2019

Swedish type Hereditary Diffuse Leukoencephalopathy with Spheroids (HDLS-S) is a severe adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with the histopathological hallmark of neuraxonal degeneration with spheroids, described in a large family with a dominant inheritance pattern. The initial stage of the disease is dominated by frontal lobe symptoms that develop into a rapidly advancing encephalopathy with pyramidal, deep sensory, extrapyramidal and optic tract symptoms. Median survival is less than 10 years. Recently, pathogenic mutations in CSF1R were reported in a clinically and histologically similar leukoencephalopathy segregating in several families. Still, the cause of HDLS-S remained elusive since its initial description in 1984, with no CSF1R mutations identified in the family. Here we update the original findings associated with HDLS-S after a systematic and recent assessment of several family members. We also report the results from exome sequencing analyses indicating the p.Cys152Phe variant in the alanyl tRNA synthetase (AARS) gene as the probable cause of this disease. The variant affects an amino acid located in the aminoacylation domain of the protein and does not cause differences in splicing or expression in the brain. Brain pathology in one case after 10 years of disease duration showed the end stage of the disease to be characterized by widespread liquefaction of the white matter leaving only some macrophages and glial cells behind the centrifugally progressing front. These results point to AARS as a candidate gene for rapidly progressing adult-onset CSF1R-negative leukoencephalopathies.
Comparison of point-of-care peripheral perfusion assessment using pulse oximetry sensor with manual capillary refill time: clinical pilot study in the emergency department
Authors: Shinozaki Koichiro , Jacobson Lee S. , Saeki Kota , Hirahara Hideaki , Kobayashi Naoki , Weisner Steve , Falotico Julianne M. , Li Timmy , Kim Junhwan , Becker Lance B.
Published: November 2019

Background

Traditional capillary refill time (CRT) is a manual measurement that is commonly used by clinicians to identify deterioration in peripheral perfusion status. Our study compared a novel method of measuring peripheral perfusion using an investigational device with standardized visual CRT and tested the clinical usefulness of this investigational device, using an existing pulse oximetry sensor, in an emergency department (ED) setting.

Material and methods

An ED attending physician quantitatively measured CRT using a chronometer (standardized visual CRT). The pulse oximetry sensor was attached to the same hand. Values obtained using the device are referred to as blood refill time (BRT). These techniques were compared in its numbers with the Bland-Altman plot and the predictability of patients’ admissions.

Results

Thirty ED patients were recruited. Mean CRT of ED patients was 1.9 ± 0.8 s, and there was a strong correlation with BRT (r= 0.723,p< 0.001). The Bland-Altman plot showed a proportional bias pattern. The ED physician identified 3 patients with abnormal CRT (> 3 s). Area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) of BRT to predict whether or not CRT was greater than 3 s was 0.82 (95% CI, 0.58–1.00). Intra-rater reliability of BRT was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.79–0.94) and that of CRT was 0.92 (0.85–0.96). Twelve patients were admitted to the hospital. AUC to predict patients’ admissions was 0.67 (95% CI, 0.46–0.87) by BRT and 0.76 (0.58–0.94) by CRT.

Conclusions

BRT by a pulse oximetry sensor was an objective measurement as useful as the standardized CRT measured by the trained examiner with a chronometer at the bedside.
Move the north: evaluation of a regional stakeholder engagement initiative to support the development of a community-partnered physical activity research agenda
Authors: Pelletier Chelsea , Pousette Anne , Fox Gloria , Keahey Robin , Ward Kirsten , Faulkner Guy , Rasali Drona , Allison Sandra
Published: November 2019

Background

Although it is generally accepted that engaging with members of the public contributes to more actionable and relevant research, there are a limited number of reported evaluations of community engagement initiatives. Certain populations, such as those with lower socioeconomic status and those who live in rural or dispersed communities, tend to face increased barriers to engagement. For researchers and community members alike, it is important to understand and evaluate engagement initiatives to support participatory research methods, particularly when working with underserved or hard to reach populations.

Methods

Over 2-days in October 2018, we hosted a Research Agenda Development Workshop and Physical Activity Summit with relevant researchers, health professionals, and community partners. The objectives of this initiative were to develop a physical activity research agenda based on community-identified priorities, create networking opportunities, and understand factors impacting physical activity participation in communities across northern British Columbia (BC). An evaluation plan was created early in the planning process to understand the reach of the event based on representation targets. Stakeholder satisfaction with the event was evaluated with a post-meeting survey.

Results

The event was successful in engaging community members from a broad geographic region with at least 90 people in attendance from 11 different northern BC communities, representing 46 different organizations. Meeting attendees indicated they were satisfied with the event and felt their perspectives were heard. To advance physical activity in the region, the most commonly desired outcome from the event was the need for ongoing communication channels to support knowledge translation and capacity building in the low-resourced communities of northern BC. There were some gaps in representation targets present at the event. Namely, there were a limited number of people representing Indigenous organizations, and the education and private sectors.

Conclusions

This two-day event was successful at achieving its objectives and engaged a diverse group of stakeholders from a broad geographic region. The outcomes from this event are being used to develop a community-partnered physical activity research agenda and contribute to ongoing learning by the research team to understand contextual factors influencing physical activity in the communities of northern BC. This model of engagement could be used by other researchers interested in engaging with a diverse, multi-sector group of academics, health professionals and community members to support community-centered population health research.
A retrospective clinical investigation for the effectiveness of closed reduction on nasal bone fracture
Authors: Kang Byung-Hun , Kang Hyo-Sun , Han Jeong Joon , Jung Seunggon , Park Hong-Ju , Oh Hee-Kyun , Kook Min-Suk
Published: November 2019

Background

The nasal bone is the most protruding bony structure of the facial bones. Nasal bone fracture is the most common facial bone fracture. The high rate of incidence of nasal bone fracture emphasizes the need for systematical investigation of epidemiology, surgical techniques, and complications after surgery. The objective of this study is to investigate the current trends in the treatment of nasal bone fractures and the effectiveness of closed reduction depending on the severity of the nasal bone fracture.

Patients and methods

A total of 179 patients with a nasal bone fracture from 2009 to 2017 were enrolled. Their clinical examination, patient’s records, and radiographic images of nasal bone fractures were evaluated.

Results

Patients ranged from children to elderly. There were 156 (87.2%) males and 23 (12.8%) females. Traffic accident (36.9%) was the most common cause of nasal fracture. Orbit fracture (44 patients, 24.6%) was the most common fracture associated with a nasal bone fracture.

Complications after surgery included postoperative deformity in 20 (11.2%) patients, nasal obstruction in 11 (6.1%) patients, and olfactory disturbances in 2 (1.1%) patients and patients with more severe nasal bone fractures had higher rates of these complications.

Conclusion

Closed reduction could be performed successfully within 2 weeks after injury.
Short- and long-term effects of ponderosa pine fuel treatments intersected by the Egley Fire Complex, Oregon, USA
Authors: Dodge Jessie M. , Strand Eva K. , Hudak Andrew T. , Bright Benjamin C. , Hammond Darcy H. , Newingham Beth A.
Published: November 2019

Background

Fuel treatments are widely used to alter fuels in forested ecosystems to mitigate wildfire behavior and effects. However, few studies have examined long-term ecological effects of interacting fuel treatments (commercial harvests, pre-commercial thinnings, pile and burning, and prescribed fire) and wildfire. Using annually fitted Landsat satellite-derived Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) curves and paired pre-fire treated and untreated field sites, we tested changes in the differenced NBR (dNBR) and years since treatment as predictors of biophysical attributes one and nine years after the 2007 Egley Fire Complex in Oregon, USA. We also assessed short- and long-term fuel treatment impacts on field-measured attributes one and nine years post fire.

Results

One-year post-fire burn severity (dNBR) was lower in treated than in untreated sites across the Egley Fire Complex. Annual NBR trends showed that treated sites nearly recovered to pre-fire values four years post fire, while untreated sites had a slower recovery rate. Time since treatment and dNBR significantly predicted tree canopy and understory green vegetation cover in 2008, suggesting that tree canopy and understory vegetation cover increased in areas that were treated recently pre fire. Live tree density was more affected by severity than by pre-fire treatment in either year, as was dead tree density one year post fire. In 2008, neither treatment nor severity affected percent cover of functional groups (shrub, graminoid, forb, invasive, and moss–lichen–fungi); however, by 2016, shrub, graminoid, forb, and invasive cover were higher in high-severity burn sites than in low-severity burn sites. Total fuel loads nine years post fire were higher in untreated, high-severity burn sites than any other sites. Tree canopy cover and density of trees, saplings, and seedlings were lower nine years post fire than one year post fire across treatments and severity, whereas live and dead tree basal area, understory surface cover, and fuel loads increased.

Conclusions

Pre-fire fuel treatments effectively lowered the occurrence of high-severity wildfire, likely due to successful pre-fire tree and sapling density and surface fuels reduction. This study also quantified the changes in vegetation and fuels from one to nine years post fire. We suggest that low-severity wildfire can meet prescribed fire management objectives of lowering surface fuel accumulations while not increasing overstory tree mortality.
Pembrolizumab for Treatment-Refractory Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: Multicohort, Open-Label Phase II KEYNOTE-199 Study
Authors: Antonarakis Emmanuel S. , Piulats Josep M. , Gross-Goupil Marine , Goh Jeffrey , Ojamaa Kristiina , Hoimes Christopher J. , Vaishampayan Ulka , Berger Ranaan , Sezer Ahmet , Alanko Tuomo , de Wit Ronald , Li Chunde , Omlin Aurelius , Procopio Giuseppe , Fukasawa Satoshi , Tabata Ken-ichi , Park Se Hoon , Feyerabend Susan , Drake Charles G. , Wu Haiyan , Qiu Ping , Kim Jeri , Poehlein Christian , de Bono Johann Sebastian
Published: November 2019

PURPOSE

Pembrolizumab has previously shown antitumor activity against programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1)–positive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Here, we assessed the antitumor activity and safety of pembrolizumab in three parallel cohorts of a larger mCRPC population.

METHODS

The phase II KEYNOTE-199 study included three cohorts of patients with mCRPC treated with docetaxel and one or more targeted endocrine therapies. Cohorts 1 and 2 enrolled patients with RECIST-measurable PD-L1–positive and PD-L1–negative disease, respectively. Cohort 3 enrolled patients with bone-predominant disease, regardless of PD-L1 expression. All patients received pembrolizumab 200 mg every 3 weeks for up to 35 cycles. The primary end point was objective response rate per RECIST v1.1 assessed by central review in cohorts 1 and 2. Secondary end points included disease control rate, duration of response, overall survival (OS), and safety.

RESULTS

Two hundred fifty-eight patients were enrolled: 133 in cohort 1, 66 in cohort 2, and 59 in cohort 3. Objective response rate was 5% (95% CI, 2% to 11%) in cohort 1 and 3% (95% CI, < 1% to 11%) in cohort 2. Median duration of response was not reached (range, 1.9 to ≥ 21.8 months) and 10.6 months (range, 4.4 to 16.8 months), respectively. Disease control rate was 10% in cohort 1, 9% in cohort 2, and 22% in cohort 3. Median OS was 9.5 months in cohort 1, 7.9 months in cohort 2, and 14.1 months in cohort 3. Treatment-related adverse events occurred in 60% of patients, were of grade 3 to 5 severity in 15%, and led to discontinuation of treatment in 5%.

CONCLUSION

Pembrolizumab monotherapy shows antitumor activity with an acceptable safety profile in a subset of patients with RECIST-measurable and bone-predominant mCRPC previously treated with docetaxel and targeted endocrine therapy. Observed responses seem to be durable, and OS estimates are encouraging.
Superior Intellectual Outcomes After Proton Radiotherapy Compared With Photon Radiotherapy for Pediatric Medulloblastoma
Authors: Kahalley Lisa S. , Peterson Rachel , Ris M. Douglas , Janzen Laura , Okcu M. Fatih , Grosshans David R. , Ramaswamy Vijay , Paulino Arnold C. , Hodgson David , Mahajan Anita , Tsang Derek S. , Laperriere Normand , Whitehead William E. , Dauser Robert C. , Taylor Michael D. , Conklin Heather M. , Chintagumpala Murali , Bouffet Eric , Mabbott Donald
Published: November 2019

PURPOSE

Proton radiotherapy (PRT) may lessen the neuropsychological risk traditionally associated with cranial radiotherapy for the treatment of pediatric brain tumors by reducing the dose to normal tissue compared with that of photon radiotherapy (XRT). We examined the change in intellectual scores over time in patients with pediatric medulloblastoma treated with craniospinal PRT versus XRT.

METHODS

Intelligence test scores were obtained for a sample of pediatric patients treated between 2007 and 2018 on the same medulloblastoma protocols that differed only in radiotherapy modality (PRT v XRT). Growth curve analyses compared change in scores over time since diagnosis between groups.

RESULTS

Longitudinal intelligence data from 79 patients (37 PRT, 42 XRT) were examined. Groups were similar on most demographic/clinical variables, including sex (67.1% male), age at diagnosis (mean, 8.6 years), craniospinal irradiation dose (median, 23.4 Gy), length of follow-up (mean, 4.3 years), and parental education (mean, 14.3 years). Boost dose ( P < .001) and boost margin ( P = .001) differed between groups. Adjusting for covariates, the PRT group exhibited superior long-term outcomes in global intelligence quotient (IQ), perceptual reasoning, and working memory compared with the XRT group (all P < .05). The XRT group exhibited a significant decline in global IQ, working memory, and processing speed (all P < .05). The PRT group exhibited stable scores over time in all domains with the exception of processing speed ( P = .003).

CONCLUSION

To our knowledge, this is the first study to compare intellectual trajectories between pediatric patients treated for medulloblastoma with PRT versus those treated with XRT on comparable, contemporary protocols. PRT was associated with more favorable intellectual outcomes in most domains compared with XRT, although processing speed emerged as a vulnerable domain for both groups. This study provides the strongest evidence to date of an intellectual sparing advantage with PRT in the treatment of pediatric medulloblastoma.
Art | Adrift
Authors: Cervone Einor K.
Published: November 2019

A floating gallery, a drifting studio where sprawling waterscapes set off artwork on display and inspire original creation—the painting-and-calligraphy boat (shuhua chuan) may sound like a postmodern experimental installation. For its Ming patrons, however, it was nothing of the sort. Traceable to Mi Fu's floating gallery-cum-studio, the “art boat” was perceived as a beacon of cultural orthodoxy by generations of aesthetes like Mi Wanzhong, Dong Qichang, and Li Rihua. A nod to antiquity, it situated them in the continuum of long-standing tradition. The practice reached its acme in the mid- and late Ming, against currents of growing social mobility and dynamic imbalance that gave rise to a culture of connoisseurship as part of a fierce competition for social distinction. This paper examines the lure of waterborne art connoisseurship as cultural capital. Unique to the art boat is the act of collecting pieces for display and appraisal—an act akin to modern curatorial discernment. The selection of works that accompanied the patron onboard became an expressive medium. The painting-and-calligraphy boat also privileged a sense of fortuity. Chance encounters and spontaneous inspiration complemented the boats' movement along their free-form routes. Yet, the most prominent feature distinguishing the art boat was its visibility. Open panoramas of outstretched waterscape conjured a new creative avenue, a self-aestheticizing of both participant and vessel. This paper extricates the painting-and-calligraphy boat from its perception as a passing curiosity and shows it to be an enduring phenomenon that permeated premodern Jiangnan—the choice of the waterscape as a space of creation and recreation.
Reported Effects versus Revealed-Preference Estimates: Evidence from the Propensity to Spend Tax Rebates
Authors: Parker Jonathan A. , Souleles Nicholas S.
Published: November 2019

We evaluate the consistency of two methods for estimating the effect of an economic policy: (i) asking people how the policy caused them to change their behavior (reported effects) and (ii) inferring this change using data on behavior and differences in treatment across people (revealed-preference estimates). Both methods are widely used to measure spending caused by increases in liquidity. Using federal stimulus payments disbursed quasi-randomly in 2008, we find larger revealed-preference estimates of spending propensities for households who report greater spending responses, and the methods produce similar average propensities. But evidence is mixed on the relationship between spending propensities and liquidity. (JEL C83, D14, D91, E62, H24, H31)
An Event Long-Short Index: Theory and Applications
Authors: Fisman Raymond , Zitzewitz Eric
Published: November 2019

We propose a stock market-based measure to capture initial beliefs about an event’s effect on firm profits, which may be used to measure whether initial expectations are subsequently realized. Our “Event Long-Short Index” is the difference in market-capitalization-weighted returns of firms that outperform versus underperform the market on the event date. We use post-event index returns to measure whether initial beliefs are reinforced or attenuated. We apply our approach to the 2016 US presidential election and Brexit referendum to illustrate the index and its interpretation and to validate it, showing that it moves as expected following subsequent political and business news. (JEL D22, D72, D83, G14, L25)
A nested randomised trial of the effect of tranexamic acid on intracranial haemorrhage and infarction in traumatic brain injury (CRASH-3 trial intracranial bleeding mechanistic study): Statistical analysis plan
Authors: Mahmood Abda , Roberts Ian , Shakur-Still Haleema
Published: November 2019

Background: The CRASH-3 trial is a randomised trial on the effect of tranexamic acid (TXA) versus placebo on death and disability in traumatic brain injury (TBI). The CRASH-3 intracranial bleeding mechanistic study (IBMS) is a randomised trial nested within the CRASH-3 trial to examine the effect of TXA versus placebo on intracranial bleeding and infarction.

Methods: Patients eligible for the CRASH-3 trial, with a GCS of 12 or less or intracranial bleeding on a pre-randomisation CT scan are eligible for the IBMS. The occurrence of intracranial bleeding, infarction, haemorrhagic oedematous lesions, mass effect and haemorrhage evacuation is examined within 28 days of randomisation using routinely collected brain scans. The primary outcome is the volume of intra-parenchymal bleeding in patients randomised within three hours of injury (adjusted for prognostic covariates). Secondary outcomes include a composite “poor” outcome, progressive and new intracranial bleeding, intracranial bleeding after neurosurgery and cerebral infarcts seen up to 28 days post-randomisation. All outcomes will be compared between treatment groups.

Statistical analyses: The primary outcome will be analysed using a covariate adjusted linear mixed model. The same analysis will be done separately for patients who undergo haemorrhage evacuation post-randomisation. We will express the effect of TXA on the composite outcome, new and progressive bleeding using relative risks and 95% CIs, and on cerebral infarcts using hazard ratios and 95% CIs. We will conduct sensitivity analyses assuming missing data are MCAR or MNAR.

Conclusion: The IBMS will provide information on the mechanism of action of TXA in TBI. This pre-specified statistical analysis plan is a technical extension of the published protocol.

Trial registration: The CRASH-3 trial was prospectively registered at the International Standard Randomised Controlled Trials registry (19 July 2011) and ClinicalTrials.gov (25 July 2011). The registries were updated with details for the IBMS on 20 December 2016.
Artificial Intellectualization in the Management of the Training Process for Enterprise Workers
Authors: Shirinkina Elena
Published: November 2019

The relevance of the study is due to the fact that building an adaptive educational system that responds to environmental changes and creating the conditions for implementing individual (personalized) learning paths becomes a key challenge for modern education. The article analyzes the use of artificial intelligence in the training of employees of the enterprise, presents the benefits and experience of implementation in enterprises. It was determined that training with the help of artificial intellectualization is a deeper transformation of the entire learning process, the use of new digital tools to rethink how to teach in order to be modern. The principles developed within the framework of the proposed approach are the direction of changes in the education system.
Hamiltonian Cycles and Subsets of Discounted Occupational Measures
Authors: Eshragh Ali , Filar Jerzy A. , Kalinowski Thomas , Mohammadian Sogol
Published: November 2019

We study a certain polytope arising from embedding the Hamiltonian cycle problem in a discounted Markov decision process. The Hamiltonian cycle problem can be reduced to finding particular extreme points of a certain polytope associated with the input graph. This polytope is a subset of the space of discounted occupational measures. We characterize the feasible bases of the polytope for a general input graph G and determine the expected numbers of different types of feasible bases when the underlying graph is random. We utilize these results to demonstrate that augmenting certain additional constraints to reduce the polyhedral domain can eliminate a large number of feasible bases that do not correspond to Hamiltonian cycles. Finally, we develop a random walk algorithm on the feasible bases of the reduced polytope and present some numerical results. We conclude with a conjecture on the feasible bases of the reduced polytope.
EROTISMO E REPRESENTAÇÃO DO CORPO NEGRO EM ''TERRA NEGRA'', DE CRISTIANE SOBRAL
Authors: Samyn Henrique Marques
Published: November 2019

Este artigo pretende apresentar uma leitura de "Terra negra", de Cristiane Sobral, por intermédio de uma análise do erotismo e da representação do corpo negro nos poemas “Sagrada esperança”, “Alforria”, “Eu falo”, “Luxúria”, “Miradouros”, “Quem sou eu” e “Papo reto”. Argumenta-se que, na poesia de Sobral, esses temas assumem significados específicos informados por raça e gênero, o que faculta o questionamento de estereótipos e a construção de um discurso poético inovador.
Njinga Mbandi: do silêncio histórico às recriações ficcionais contemporâneas.
Authors: Franco Roberta Guimarães
Published: November 2019

Figura feminina de destaque para a história de Angola, principalmente, para a história de uma resistência no século XVII, Njinga Mbandi (1582-1663) já aparecia em obras de seus contemporâneos, como na do padre capuchinho Giovanni Antonio Cavazzi de Montecuccolo (1621-1678), Istorica descrizione de tre regni Kongo, Matamba ed Angola (1687), e na do soldado António Oliveira de Cadornega (1623-1690), História Geral das Guerras angolanas (1681), como uma personalidade incômoda, atrapalhando a interiorização dos portugueses no território angolano. Embora tais referências mereçam destaque por serem contemporâneas à existência da rainha Njinga Mbandi, percebe-se um apagamento histórico da sua relevância política ao longo dos séculos, talvez relacionado ao prolongamento da situação colonial até 1975. No entanto, este silêncio foi inicialmente interrompido por recriações ficcionais que destacam a liderança exercida por Njinga e reforçam o caráter de resistência do que já seria uma luta anticolonial. Atualmente, a trajetória da rainha tem sido também motivo de maior atenção em trabalhos acadêmicos de várias áreas, especialmente na História. Neste texto, ressaltamos quatro obras que recuperam a personagem história da rainha do Ndongo e recriam a vida dessa personalidade da história não só angolana, mas centro-africana - Nzinga Mbandi (1975), de Manuel Pedro Pacavira; A gloriosa família: o tempo dos flamengos (1997), de Pepetela; A rainha Ginga (2014), de José Eduardo Agualusa, e ainda o filme Njinga, rainha de Angola (2013), dirigido por Sérgio Graciano -, como ressignificação de um mito na luta anticolonial.
Crecimiento del recién nacido prematuro durante su primer año de vida en programa madre canguro
Authors: Javela Rugeles Julian David , Ospino Bermúdez Camilo Ernesto , Javela Perez Leonel
Published: November 2019

Introducción: En los recién nacidos a término la recomendación universal es de que alimentados con leche materna exclusiva durante los primeros 6 meses de vida, sin embargo, con los prematuros no hay un acuerdo en la indicación de la lactancia; por considerarse que la leche materna sola no es suficiente. Numerosos estudios promueven el uso de fórmulas infantiles en prematuros, dado que se plantea que el prematuro debe mantener el mismo crecimiento como si estuvieran aún in utero.Métodos: Estudio de cohorte, se analizaron las historias clínicas de pacientes de los recién nacidos prematuros, que completaron el año de seguimiento en el programa madre canguro ambulatorio en el periodo comprendido entre 2006 a 2014. Se calcularon medidas de tendencia central y dispersión para las variables continuas, se aplicaron pruebas de confianza estadística.Resultados: Se obtuvo información de 90 prematuros; predominio de prematuro tardío (77%). El 16% de los bebés pesaron < 1500 gramos. Se encontró significancia estadística para el aumento en la talla final a los 12 meses para niños y niñas a favor de quienes recibieron leche materna hasta los 12 meses de edad corregida (p = 0,044).Conclusiones: Hay una diferencia estadísticamente significativa para el aumento en la talla final a los 12 meses para niños y niñas. Esto nos permite apreciar que al recibir lactancia materna los indicadores de desnutrición al año de edad corregida son comparativamente menores.
Terapia de células madre mononucleares concentradas asociada a nanofarmacología en paciente con Envejecimiento Precoz (Progeria no clásica)
Authors: Torres Obando Andrés Felipe , Velasco Quijano Juan Manuel , Paez Ospina Juan Manuel
Published: November 2019

Introducción: el Envejecimiento Precoz (EP) es una enfermedad poco común. Se han descrito varios cuadros clínicos denominados Síndromes Progeroides (SP), entre los que se incluye la Progeria (P) y el EP, los cuales afectan diferentes órganos y sistemas, confiriendo aspectos sindromáticos característicos en estos pacientes. Hasta la fecha no existe una terapia definitiva que permita curar o tratar adecuadamente dicha enfermedad. Es una patología clasificada en las enfermedades huérfanas y raras, con pobre pronóstico; es relevante, entonces, exponer el caso de un paciente tratado con una respuesta favorable al tratamiento.

 Caso clínico: paciente masculino natural y procedente de Bogotá (Colombia), con diagnóstico de SP (progeria no clásica) desde los nueve años, sometido a varios tratamientos sin presentar cambios significativos en el curso de su enfermedad. Consulta al Instituto Dr. Felipe Torres por pérdida progresiva de la fuerza muscular, caída permanente del cabello, osteoporosis y falla cardíaca. Se realiza tratamiento con factor neurotrófico derivado de cerebro (BDNF), interleukina 10 (IL-10) , anti interleukina 1 (Ant-IL1), β-endorfina, terapia de células madre, DNA, RNA recombinante y neurotrofina 4. Esto logró una disminución significativa de su sintomatología inicial y detención del proceso degenerativo, sin la presencia de eventos adversos.

 Conclusiones: El presente caso clínico sugiere que la terapia con células madre mononucleares concentradas asociadas a tratamiento nanofarmacológico, pueden ser una alternativa segura, novedosa y efectiva, para los pacientes con síndromes progeroides, que en la actualidad no disponen de ningún tratamiento realmente eficaz.
Atlas of Diabetes Register in Russian Federation, status 2018
Authors: Dedov Ivan I. , Shestakova Marina V. , Vikulova Olga K. , Isakov Mikhail А. , Zheleznyakova Anna V.
Published: November 2019

The Federal Diabetes Register (FDR) has been conducting clinical and epidemiological monitoring of diabetes in the Russian Federation (RF) since 1996. Its methodological and organizational reference centre is Endocrinology Research Centre.
FRD was created by Order of the Ministry of Health of RF №404 of December 10, 1996 as part of implementation of the Federal target program "Diabetes Mellitus".
Over the 20-year period, the registry has played a key role in assessing the prevalence of diabetes and diabetic complications in the RF.
Since 2014, the register has been transformed into online system as a unified federal database with an authorized code access.
Personal data protection is carried out in accordance with the laws and regulations of the Russian Federation.
Etyka troski Carol Gilligan i Nel Noddings a moralny partykularyzm
Authors: Kanclerz Aleksandra
Published: November 2019

Feministyczna etyka troski, której głównymi twórczyniami są Carol Gilligan i Nel Noddings, to stanowisko pod wieloma względami przeciwstawne w stosunku do dominujących paradygmatów moralnych o charakterze racjonalno-uniwersalistycznym. Etyka troski proponuje partykularyzm moralny, zarówno w odniesieniu do międzyludzkich interakcji (kwestia „ja – inny”), jak i do moralnych dylematów – tak teoretycznych, jak i praktycznych. Etyka troski podkreśla, że ujmowanie dylematów jako skontekstualizowanych, nie zaś abstrakcyjnych, sprzyja wzbudzaniu postawy empatii, łagodzi ostrość sądów moralnych, a przede wszystkim pomaga w znajdowaniu realnych, możliwych do zastosowania w praktyce rozwiązań. To właśnie może stanowić o jej przewadze w stosunku do stanowisk o charakterze uniwersalistycznym.
Ciała podatne na zranienie. Judith Butler, samozniszczenie i radykalne akty oporu
Authors: Świerkosz Monika
Published: November 2019

Artykuł analizuje kategorię cielesnej podatności (vulnerability) i kruchości życia w ujęciu Judith Butler. Autorka stawia pytania o projektowany przez Butler nieopozycyjny związek między podatnością podmiotu a oporem. Refleksji poddany zostaje również Butlerowski postulat niestosowania przemocy, dla którego wyzwaniem są analizowane w tekście przykłady działań, wykorzystujących co prawda podatność, ale przybierających postać destrukcji lub autodestrukcji. Zestawiając dwa przypadki samospalenia (Omida Masumali i Ryszarda Siwca) oraz dwie figury terrorystek (Ulrike Meinhof z RAF i Marthy Doherty fikcyjnej członkini IRA z powieści Anny Bojarskiej Agitka), autorka zwraca uwagę na trudną czasem do wytyczenia granicę między „siłą bezsilnych” a „przemocą zranionych”.
„Nie nasze dzieci”. Naturalizm, reprodukcyjny futuryzm i potworne macierzyństwo
Authors: Bednarek Joanna
Published: November 2019

Etyka troski rozwija teorię uogólnionej troski poprzez wyjście od naturalnych (biologicznych) praktyk opiekuńczych. Jednak ze względu na jej uwikłanie w naturalizm (stanowisko głoszące, że natura jest źródłem ładu ontologicznego, etycznego i politycznego) efektem często jest zarówno wąska definicja kobiecości, jak i wąskie rozumienie troski – może ona dotyczyć tylko ludzi. Przyjęcie opieki nad dzieckiem jako paradygmatu sprawia też, że etyka troski powiela reprodukcyjny futuryzm (termin Lee Edelmana) – fantazmatyczne ujęcie polityczności jako jednolitej wspólnoty ucieleśnianej przez postać Dziecka. By pokazać, że etyka troski nie musi być naturalistyczna, konfrontuję ją z postulatem Donny Haraway, by ograniczyć reprodukcję w imię dbałości o inne niż ludzie istoty, oraz z pojawiającym się w powieściach Octavii Butler motywem opieki nad dzieckiem, które nie jest ludzkie – „potwornego macierzyństwa” – by zarysować nieantropocentryczną etykę troski.
Troska o postprzyrodę w epoce antropocenu
Authors: Bińczyk Ewa
Published: November 2019

Tekst podejmuje temat kondycji i tożsamości etyki środowiskowej XXI wieku w oparciu o analizę wybranych narracji występujących w debacie na temat antropocenu. Czy zwrot w stronę antropocenu odmienia nasze dotychczasowe myślenie dotyczące troski o przyrodę? Artykuł pokazuje, że nauka o systemie Ziemi i ograniczeniach planetarnych umożliwia nam identyfikację zupełnie nowych problemów etycznych. Są to m.in. problem nieodwracalnych strat (utrata natury, wprowadzenie kategorii postprzyrody), utraty kontroli i sterowalności a także kluczowa kwestia irracjonalnej krótkowzroczności wpisanej w ludzkie horyzonty moralne. Tekst szuka odpowiedzi na dwa dodatkowe pytania: 1) Czy troska o postprzyrodę okaże się wyłącznie zarządzaniem stratą? 2) Czy etyka postprzyrody jest antropocentryczna?
Law, Gender, and Development: Potent Hauntings
Authors: Bedford Kate
Published: November 2019

This article excavates and analyses an early, feminist conversation about law that emerged from foundational texts on Gender and Development (GAD). Rather than starting from current, law-heavy GAD practices, it goes backwards to see what, if anything, some canonical texts published between 1970 and 1989 said about law. My aim is to offer an account of legally-relevant GAD theorising written before the current consensus about law reform as a tool had solidified, and – in so doing – to unsettle that consensus and identify some intellectual inheritances that might offer us an alternative way forward.
Going Beyond the Bench - The Paper Conservator Today
Authors: Ellis Margaret Holben
Published: November 2019

Paper conservators today face a growing preservation mandate that demands a comprehensive education.

These remarks refer to the education of North American paper conservators.

The path required to attain the necessary knowledge and skills to preserve works on paper has changed drastically over the past two generations starting with the establishment of graduate degree-granting programs and their dynamic and responsive curricula.
Kohelet in Distanz zu Eschatologie und Apokalyptik
Authors: Bauer Uwe F. W.
Published: November 2019

Im Beitrag wird die These vertreten, dass Koh eschatologische und apokalyptische Vorstellungen kritisiert. Der Frage, wie das genau geschieht, wird dann in diesem Beitrag nachgegangen. Wichtige Aspekte sind der Kreislauf der Natur, die sich wiederholende Geschichte, die ungewisse Zukunft, die Warnung vor Träumen, der unabänderliche Tod und die Entmythologisierung des Gerichts Jhwhs.
Orthodox-evangelische Ökumene und religiöse Bildung. Rahmenbedingungen, Themen, Perspektiven
Authors: Illert Martin
Published: November 2019

Der Beitrag beschreibt die orthodoxe Migration nach Deutschland und bedenkt den sozialen Rahmen der Präsenz Orthodoxer in Deutschland. Auf die Beschreibung dieser Voraussetzungen und die Auflistung der unterschiedlichen Formate ökumenischer Zusammenarbeit im nationalen und internationalen Zusammenhang werden die Hauptthemen des orthodox-protestantischen Dialoges erwähnt. In diesen Zusammenhang werden die Perspektiven auf dem Feld der Bildung gestellt.
Frederique Janssen-Lauret and Gary Kemp, eds., Quine and His Place in History
Authors: Smith, Jr. James Andrew
Published: November 2019

Reviewed by James Andrew Smith, Jr.
Speculative Harbouring: Wading into Critical Pedagogy and Practices of Care
Authors: Pratt Susanne , Johnston Kate
Published: November 2019

This text explicates a particular pedagogical event—Speculative Harbouring—a postgraduate workshop in which students from different disciplines formed around concerns of how we might better care for, and with, urban harbours. The harbour we attended to is presently referred to as Blackwattle Bay, which is a site in Eora Nation, Sydney, Australia currently undergoing significant redevelopment. The purpose of the workshop, or rather walkshop, was two-fold: to introduce participants to research practices from a range of disciplines, and to construct a field-guide to highlight ways in which Blackwattle Bay is, has, and might be, inhabited, cared for (or not) and the complex ecological and social demands this creates. To begin the walkshop, participants each shared a different method for examining place from their disciplinary field. During the twoday event, these different methods were activated through the practice of walking and were used to produce the Speculative Harbouring Field-Guide to Blackwattle Bay. In our discussion, we draw on feminist practices and politics of care, in particular, Maria Puig de la Bellacasa’s articulation of “matters of care,” alongside Anna Tsing’s “arts of noticing” and notions of critical public pedagogy, to examine ways in which walking and reflecting can attune people to learning to care and how a field guide might facilitate such attuning.
Weather Wanderings
Authors: Blaise Mindy , Rooney Tonya , Pollitt Jo
Published: November 2019

We propose weather wanderings as a critical and postdevelopmental intervention (Blaise, 2010) into a developmentally appropriate or child-centred approach to walking. A developmentally appropriate approach emphasises an autonomous, white, able-bodied, middle-class, and developing boy child that discovers and explores the natural world as an external thing to ‘know’ and control. A developmental approach is concerned with discovery and conquest; legacies of settler colonialism. All too often, in early childhood education, when (and if) children and teachers leave the preschool to go on walks, these quickly turn into destination- and education-focused events that are full of regulation and control (Springgay & Truman, 2019). During these kinds of walks, teachers attend to children’s behaviour, safety, and physical capacity, all understood as developing along a linear trajectory of progress towards being able to navigate the world as a capable and competent adult. Planning for a child-centred weather walk usually begins with a large group discussion about the weather as external to a child’s body and external to the learning space. Weather is always outside. Children might be asked to recall what the weather felt like on their way to preschool or to look outside the window to determine if it is ‘sunny’ or ‘rainy’. Often, if these weather conditions are considered to cause discomfort (it’s too windy, it’s too cold, it’s too hot, etc.) then a decision is made to stay inside.
‘Why Do You Need to Know That?’ Slipstream Movements and Mapping ‘Otherwise’ in Tkaronto
Authors: Recollet Karyn , Johnson Jon
Published: November 2019

Grounded in our collective experiences as guides for First Story Toronto tours, which story 13,000+ years of ongoing Indigenous presence in Toronto, we engage a discussion of some of the challenges and incommensurabilities of guiding tours that feature Indigenous Knowledge and storytelling in an urban area. We draw upon Black geographical and Indigenous futurist research and writing in order to challenge the fetishistic and voyeuristic encounters that we occasionally experience on these tours, and instead provide a tentative engagement with the potentials of slipstream movements to foster more meaningful, respectful, and consensual relationality with places and each other.
Walking Methodologies with/in Teacher Education
Authors: Franklin-Phipps Asilia , Gleason Tristan
Published: November 2019

This essay begins with the limitations of reflection in teacher education practitioner research. We wonder about the confines of a reflective practice that is solitary, ahistorical, and written in a particular academic register with an audience of one in mind. Instead, we explore the potential of walking methodologies as critical praxes with a group of pre-service educators. To do so we take a walk that is collective and focused on the way history is entangled with the students’ multimodal responses to this experience. We argue that walking as reflective praxis produces different possibilities in the space of teacher education. Pre-service educators participated in a mode of public pedagogy that challenges the treatment of teaching and learning as ahistorical and universal processes that can be neatly represented by the written word.
Rod Photoreceptors Signal Fast Changes in Daylight Levels Using a Cx36-Independent Retinal Pathway in Mouse
Authors: Pasquale Rose , Umino Yumiko , Solessio Eduardo
Published: November 2019

Temporal contrast detected by rod photoreceptors is channeled into multiple retinal rod pathways that ultimately connect to cone photoreceptor pathways via Cx36 gap junctions or via chemical synapses. However, we do not yet understand how the different rod pathways contribute to the perception of temporal contrast (changes in luminance with time) at mesopic light levels, where both rods and cones actively respond to light. Here, we use a forced-choice, operant behavior assay to investigate rod-driven, temporal contrast sensitivity (TCS) in mice of either sex. Transgenic mice with desensitized cones (GNAT2cpfl3line) were used to identify rod contributions to TCS in mesopic lights. We found that at low mesopic lights (400 photons/s/μm2at the retina), control and GNAT2cpfl3mice had similar TCS. Surprisingly, at upper mesopic lights (8000 photons/s/μm2), GNAT2cpfl3mice exhibited a relative reduction in TCS to low (<12 Hz) while maintaining normal TCS to high (12–36 Hz) temporal frequencies. The rod-driven responses to high temporal frequencies developed gradually over time (>30 min). Furthermore, the TCS of GNAT2cpfl3and GNAT2cpfl3::Cx36−/−mice matched closely, indicating that transmission of high-frequency signals (1) does not require the rod-cone Cx36 gap junctions as has been proposed in the past; and (2) a Cx36-independent rod pathway(s) (e.g., direct rod to OFF cone bipolar cell synapses and/or glycinergic synapses from AII amacrine cells to OFF ganglion cells) is sufficient for fast, mesopic rod-driven vision. These findings extend our understanding of the link between visual circuits and perception in mouse.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe contributions of specific retinal pathways to visual perception are not well understood. We found that the temporal processing properties of rod-driven vision in mice change significantly with light level. In dim lights, rods relay relatively slow temporal variations. However, in daylight conditions, rod pathways exhibit high sensitivity to fast but not to slow temporal variations, whereas cone-driven responses supplement the loss in rod-driven sensitivity to slow temporal variations. Our findings highlight the dynamic interplay of rod- and cone-driven vision as light levels rise from night to daytime levels. Furthermore, the fast, rod-driven signals do not require the rod-to-cone Cx36 gap junctions as proposed in the past, but rather, can be relayed by alternative Cx36-independent rod pathways.