bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accusation, defence and morality in Japanese trials: A Hybrid Orientation to Criminal Justice
Authors:   University of Melbourne, Australia, Nakane Ikuko
Published: January 2021

The Japanese criminal justice system has gone through transformations in its modern history, adopting the models of European Continental Law systems in the 19th century as part of Japan’s modernisation process, and then the Anglo-American Common Law orientation after WWII. More recently, citizen judges have been introduced to the criminal justice process, a further move towards an adversarial orientation with increased focus on orality and courtroom discourse strategies. Yet, the actual legal process does not necessarily represent the adversarial orientation found in Common Law jurisdictions. While previous research from cultural and socio-historical perspectives has offered valuable insights into the Japanese criminal court procedures, there is hardly any research examining how adversarial (or non-adversarial) orientation is realised through language in Japanese trials. Drawing on an ethnographic study of communication in Japanese trials, this paper discusses a ‘hybrid’ orientation to the legal process realised through courtroom discourse. Based on courtroom observation notes, interaction data, lawyer interviews and other relevant materials collected in Japan, trial participants’ discourse strategies contributing to both adversarial and inquisitorial orientations are identified. In particular, the paper highlights how accusation, defence and morality are performed and interwoven in the trial as a genre. The overall genre structure scaffolds competing narratives, with prosecution and defence counsel utilising a range of discourse strategies for highlighting culpability and mitigating factors. However, the communicative practice at the micro genre level shows an orientation to finding the ‘truth,’ rehabilitation of offenders and maintaining social order. The analysis of courtroom communication, contextualised in the socio-historical development of the Japanese justice system and in the ideologies about courtroom communicative practice, suggests a gap between the practice and official/public discourses of the justice process in Japan. At the same time, the findings raise some questions regarding the powerful role that language plays in different ways in varying approaches to delivery of justice.
“I Then Called My Father Straight Away to Ask”: Educational School Trips and Cultural Identity
Authors:   Swansea University, U.K., Dabamona Samsudin Arifin ,   University of Yapis Papua, Indonesia
Published: January 2021

The authenticity and promotion of cultural immersion developed in cultural places has been seen to provide meaningful experiences and, at the same time, present unique aspects of cultural identity to student visitors. Conducting research in the Cultural Museum of Cenderawasih University and Abar village in Papua, Indonesia, this paper highlights how native Papuan students make meaning within a cultural context and identify their own identities based on an educational school trip. Moreover, the paper underlines students’ responses on cultural issues and threats resulted from their reflective experience.
Planning Language, Planning Future
Authors:   University of Tartu, Narva College, Estonia, Rannut Mart
Published: January 2021

Language is planned, and plans themselves arer assessed in a multitude of countries in Europe and America, and to a lesser extent in Africa and Asia. In the presentation, the overview of the process of language planning is provided, based on the experience of language planning in various countries. The very first steps include a general assessment of the current linguistic and sociolinguistic situation, sustainability of the language(-s) concerned, trends, security aspects and various threats (social, regional, virtual), vision or desirable outcome with the description of main goals and sub-goals (with measurable quantitative data), activities and sub-activities with specific indicators measuring outcome, result or activity itself. The main motor of the whole process is status planning with legal, managerial, and PR-level (language marketing). For this planning to succeed, timely input from other language planning dimensions is necessary, first of all, from the corpus planning (general orthographic and grammatical standardization, geographical, business and personal name policies, terminology development and development of the domain of translation and interpreting, subtitling and dubbing). These standards are implemented in the educational system, providing education through various monolingual or multilingual educational programmes / models. Language technology as a support dimension must be developed in the level of a minimal survival kit, securing competitiveness in this way. Finally some typical misunderstandings and mistakes, drawbacks and failures are discussed that might help future language planners and thus, foster better results.
Revitalizing Eastern and Western Online Communication: A Micro-Meso-Macro Link of Temporal Digital Change
Authors:   University of Leipzig, Germany, Faust Maria
Published: January 2021

This paper explains in a de-westernized sense (Gunaratne, 2010) how internet-mediated communication changes the way we deal with and plan time both individually and culturally in Germany and China. Therefore, it blends Western and Eastern culture and media theories. The paper focuses on two distinct phenomena: temporal change due to social media, and Online journalism, as the core of Internet-mediated communication (for Germany 39% communication, media use 24% Projektgruppe ARD/ZDF-Multimedia, 2016; for China 90.7% instant messaging, 82% Internet news China Internet Network Information Center, 2017), with other temporal change via smart devices touched upon (Ash, 2018). General research on time in post modern societies, recently more focused on media’s temporal change phenomena (e.g. Barker, 2012; Barker, 2018; Castells, 2010; Eriksen, 2001; Hartmann, 2016; Hassan, 2003; Innis, 2004; Neverla, 2010a, 2010b; Nowotny, 1995; Rantanen, 2005; Wajcman, 2010; Wajcman and Dodd) has not yet linked the different societal and cultural levels of temporal change. Thus, we suggest the following to fill this research gap: For a micro perspective the notions of network theories (e.g. Granovetter, 1973; Schönhuth, 2013), media synchronicity (Dennis, Fuller, and Valacich, 2008) and the idea of permanent connectivity (Sonnentag, Reinecke, Mata, and Vorderer, 2018; van Dijck, 2013; Vorderer, Krömer, and Schneider, 2016) are linked. On a meso level, institutional change in Online journalism with a focus on acceleration is modeled (Ananny, 2016; Bødker and Sonnevend, 2017; Dimmick, Feaster, and Hoplamazian, 2011; Krüger, 2014; Neuberger, 2010). On a macro level, mediatization theory (Couldry and Hepp, 2017; Krotz, 2001, 2012) and recent acceleration theory (Rosa, 2005, 2012, 2017) is discussed. The levels are systematically linked suggesting a micro-meso-macro-link (Quandt, 2010) to then ask if and how many of the dimensions of the construct temporal understanding (Faust, 2016) can be changed through Internet-mediated communication. Temporal understanding consists of nine dimensions: General past, general future, instrumental experience (monochronicity), fatalism, interacting experience (polychronicity), pace of life, future as planned expectation and result of proximal goals as well as future as trust based interacting expectation and result of present positive behavior. Temporal understanding integrates the anthropological construct of polychronicity (Bluedorn, Kalliath, Strube, and Martin, 1999; Hall, 1984; Lindquist and Kaufman-Scarborough, 2007), pace of life (Levine, 1998) and temporal horizon (Klapproth, 2011) into a broader framework which goes beyond Western biased constructs through the theory driven incorporation of Confucian notions (Chinese Culture Connection, 1987).  Finally, meta trends are laid out.
The Habitual Pastin Amele, Papua New Guinea
Authors:   Shiga University, Japan, Nose Masahiko
Published: January 2021

This study attempts to clarify the tense systems in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea; particularly, the past tense and habitual past forms in the sample three languages in the area: Amele, Waskia, and Kobon. This study thus investigates past tense and habitual features, and discusses how the people in the area interpret past events. The study then discusses how these people map their temporal frames in their grammars (“anthropology of time”, Gell 1996). To aid analysis, I collected data through observing descriptive grammars and fieldwork, finding that Amele exhibits three types of past tense and habitual tense forms, as in (1). Kobon has two distinct simple and remote past tenses, as in (2). Kobon has habitual aspect with the help of the verb “to be.” Waskia, in contrast, has a distinction between realis and irrealis meanings, and the realis forms can indicate past and habitual meanings (two habitual forms: one is include in realis, another is with the help of the verb “stay”), as shown in (3). (1) Amele: Today’s past: Ija hu-ga. “I came (today).” Yesterday’s past: Ija hu-gan. “I came (yesterday).” Remote past: Ija ho-om. “I came (before yesterday).” Habitual past (by adding the habitual form “l”): Ija ho-lig. “I used to come.” (2) Kobon (Davies 1989): Simple past: Yad au-ɨn. “I have come.” Remote past: Nöŋ-be. “You saw” Habitual aspect (by using the verb “mid” to be): Yad nel nipe pu-mid-in. “I used to break his firewood.” (3) Waskia (Ross and Paol 1978): Realis: Ane ikelako yu naem. “I drank some water yesterday.” (simple past) Realis: Ane girako yu no-kisam “In the past I used to drink water” (habitual past) Habitual (by using the verb “bager“ (stay)): Ane girako yu nala bager-em. “In the past I used to drink water.“ Finally, this study claims that Amele and Kobon have remoteness distinctions; near and remote past distinctions, but there is no such a distinction in Waskia. The observed habitual usages are different to each other. Nevertheless, the three languages have a grammatical viewpoint of habitual past mapping.
Vietnamese Proverbs From a Cultural Perspective
Authors:   Thai Nguyen University of Education, Vietnam, Ngo Thi Thanh Quy , Nguyen Thi Hong Minh ,   Thai Nguyen University of Education, Vietnam
Published: January 2021

Proverbs are important data depicting the traditional culture of each nation. Vietnamese proverbs, dated thousands of years ago, are an immense valuable treasure of experience which the Vietnamese people desire to pass to the younger generations. This paper aims to explore the unique and diversified world of intelligence and spirits of the Vietnamese through a condensed and special literary genre, as well as a traditional value of the nation (Nguyen Xuan Kinh 2013, Tran Ngoc Them 1996, Le Chi Que and Ngo Thi Thanh Quy 2014). Through an interdisciplinary approach, from an anthropological point of view, approaching proverbs we will open up a vast treasure of knowledge and culture of all Vietnamese generations. The study has examined over 16,000 Vietnamese proverbs and analysed three groups expressing Vietnamese people’s behaviors toward nature, society and their selves, and compared them with English and Japanese proverbs. The research has attempted to explore the beauty of Vietnamese language, cultural values and the souls and personalities of Vietnam. Approaching Vietnamese proverbs under the interdisciplinary perspective of language, culture and literature is a new research direction in the field of Social Sciences and Humanity in Vietnam. From these viewpoints, it is seen that proverbs have remarkably contributed to the language and culture of Vietnam as well as and constructed to the practice of language use in everyday life which is imaginary, meaningful and effective in communication. Furthermore, the study seeks to inspire the Vietnamese youth’s pride in national identity and to encourage their preservation and promotion for traditional values of the nation in the context of integration and globalisation. In the meantime, it would be favourable to introduce and market the beauty of Vietnamese language, culture and people to the world, encouraging the speakers of other languages to study, explore and understand Vietnam.
The Malaysian Wayang Kulit, the Malay Language, and their Anthropological shifts
Authors: Hadzantonis Michael
Published: January 2021

This paper seeks to discuss and expose the correlations between a shifting Wayang Kulit puppet performance in Malaysia and the shifting Malay language over the past half century, that is, from the late 1960s until the present time. The Wayang exhibited a patent shift in its poetics, in its use and type of symbolisms, in its social, cultural and spiritual purpose, and in its representation of community. The paper determines ways in which the Malay language experienced change by observing government mandate to 'rehabilitate' the Malay people, and to employ discourses of rehabilitation so to alter the cultural industry in Malaysia, yet to the detriment of language, social cohesion, and cultural performance in Malaysia. For this the data consists of a multi year ethnography of the Wayang both inside and outside of Kuala Lumpur, cases studies of Wayang Kulit dalangs (puppeteers), observing and conducting Wayang Kulit performances, and documenting language diachronic change. Ultimately, the paper finds that owing to language planning and policy in Malaysia, both cultural performance and language, that is, the written, the standardized, and vernacular have seen significant shift over the past half century, and that these shifts have correlated with altered ideologies in Malaysia that align with intentions to commercialize the country and to increase the mercantile efficiency of the Malay and the Malaysian people.
A Polysynthetic Language in Contact: The Case of Ket
Authors:   Hamburg University , Germany, Nefedov Andrey
Published: January 2021

Ket is one of the most enigmatic polysynthetic languages in North Asia. The majority of structural features complicating a clear-cut typological analysis of Ket are due to the long-term contact with the languages of a radically different type that resulted in a peculiar process of structural mimicry (or ‘typological accommodation’ in Vajda’s (2017) terms). The mimicry is most evident in the verbal morphology, which is traditionally regarded as almost exclusively prefixing. While this is true for the oldest layer of verbs with the main lexical root in the final position, Ket’s most productive patterns of verb formation clearly imitate suffixal agglutination typical of the surrounding languages by placing the main lexical root in the initial position with the rest of morphemes following it. This presentation aims to demonstrate that this phenomenon is also attested at the syntactic level. Prototypical polysynthetic languages are largely devoid of overt subordination (cf. Baker 1996). Ket, however, signals adverbial subordination by using postposed relational morphemes attached to fully finite verbs. This pattern is common to adverbial clauses in the neighboring languages, the difference being that they attach relational morphemes to non-finite forms only. This functional-structural parallel is likewise attested in relative clauses. The surrounding languages share a common relativization pattern involving preposed participial relative clauses with a ‘gapped’ relativized noun phrase (Pakendorf 2012). This resembles the major relativization pattern in Ket, in which, however, preposed relative clauses are fully finite. Formation of adverbial and relative clauses in Ket clearly mimics that of the surrounding languages and does not conform to the expected ‘polysynthetic’ pattern. At the same time, Ket resists accommodating a participle-like morphology, which can be connected with the general tendency among polysynthetic languages not to have truly non-finite forms (cf. Nichols 1992).
Utilization of Facebook as a Supplemental Tool in Developing English Communication Skills: Basis for a Proposed Syllabus in Purposive Communication
Authors:   Technological University of the Philippines, The Philippines, Bulaquit Randymax M.
Published: January 2021

Most studies show that students use Facebook as a powerful tool for social interaction, and English language learning purposes. The study aimed to assess and present empirical data on the students’ perceptions on the acceptability and usage level of Facebook as a communication tool in developing English communication skills and to identify possible variables that could initiate programs on how students maximize study time in connection with Facebook’s usage. The majority of the respondents used Facebook daily in learning English reading, writing, listening and speaking. Respondents have moderately agreed that Facebook can be used as a supplemental tool in developing communication skills in reading, writing, and listening but slightly agreed on speaking. There was no significant difference in the extent of usage and the results of the communication skills test in reading, writing, listening and speaking. The correlation between perception and performance for listening skills was positively very weak while performance in writing and reading skills was positively weak. However, the correlation between perception and performance for speaking skills was negatively weak. Lastly, the majority of the respondents have encountered problems in using Facebook, such as in inappropriateness of comments, pictures, or videos posted on Facebook, slow Internet connection outside and within the university, and lack of security and validity of information.
Is It the Same Country? Representation of Cambodia on Official Tourist Sites and in Tourists’ Comments
Authors:   Northern (Arctic) federal University, Russia, Shchipitsina Larisa
Published: January 2021

This paper explores how a certain country is described on official tourist sites whose main aim is to achieve more tourists (formal communication sources) and in informal tourists comments, who want to exchange their opinions. It shows that the difference in aims impacts the construction of country image as a set of different items reflecting real aspects of a certain country. The semantic and contextual analyses of Russian and German formal and informal tourism related sources shows the predominance of cognitive items (compared with affective ones) in both sources types, but cultural items colored positively prevail in formal sources (and thus an elaborated image is developed) whereas different cognitive and affective items are common for informal sources.
Examining the Critical Thinking and Decision Making Skills as Graduate Attributes
Authors:   Centro Escolar University, The Philippines, Avinante Mara Dinna P. , Tayao Jay-Arr C. ,   Centro Escolar University, The Philippines, Mangalile Margarita J. ,   Centro Escolar University, The Philippines, Ramos Pilipino ,   Centro Escolar University, The Philippines, Japco Krissa Marie ,   Centro Escolar University, The Philippines
Published: January 2021

The purpose of the study is to examine the critical thinking and decision-making skills of graduating students taking up a Business Administration major in Management Accounting, Marketing and Finance as well as their language proficiency levels as a determinant of critical thinking and decision-making skills. A total of 176 respondents from the three different degree programs participated in the study. Results revealed a Beginning Thinker with an over all CT score of 25.92. While Decision Making skills fall under the “often” category. Language Proficiency appeared to be significant for CT but not overly significant. Whereas DM correlates highly with LP. Further, there is a need to develop a more comprehensive understanding and application of Critical thinking in the business programs. Future related research may be conducted by adding more variables not found in the study.
Morpho-functional state of the maxillofacial region in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: O. E. Idiev
Published: January 2021

The problem of cerebral palsy is one of the most urgent problems of medicine. The social significance of this problem is so great that it is quite natural that there is an increasing interest in it. In the available literature, there is no comprehensive data on the study of the frequency of dental anomalies among children with cerebral palsy, depending on the etiofactor, and on improving methods for their prevention and early treatment.
Impact of the global crisis caused by the coronavirus pandemic on the socio-economic development of the Republic of Uzbekistan
Authors: Tuychiev Inoyatillo
Published: January 2021

Since the start of 2020, a new type of respiratory virus, referred to as Covid19, has been shaking the world's economy to its cores. It has been proven that regardless of the income level, any existing economy fails to combat unprecedented economic challenges caused by this novel coronavirus. The paper analyses the impact of the global crisis caused by coronavirus pandemic on different socio-economic sectors of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
The morphology of plants
Authors: Mamurova Maftuna  , Asadova Nilufar  , Sayfiyev Tokhir
Published: January 2021

In plant morphology, which is the external structure of plants, it is important in biology to study the external structure of plants, and on the basis of the study of the external structure of plants, we can distinguish them from one another. Plants are also colorful, and they are used for a variety of aesthetic purposes. In this article we will talk about the external structure of plants
Arima Forecasting of ohe prevalence of Anemia in children in Myanmar
Authors: Smartson. P. NYONI  , Thabani NYONI
Published: January 2021

Using annual time series data on the prevalence of anemia in children under 5 years of age in Myanmar from 1990 – 2016, the study makes predictions for the period 2017 – 2025. The study applies the Box-Jenkins ARIMA methodology. The diagnostic ADF tests show that, AM, the series under consideration is an I (0) variable. Based on the AIC, the study presents an AR (4) model, which is also called the ARIMA (4, 0, 0) model. This has been found to be the parsimonious model. The diagnostic tests further reveal that the presented model is quite stable and its residuals are not serially correlated. The results of the research indicate that the prevalence of anemia in children in Myanmar will rise from approximately 54.5% in 2017 to almost 64.8% by 2025. This means that anemia is not yet under control in the country. This is a wake up call to both public health policy makers and nutrition specialists in the country.
The nonsmoth optimal control problem for ensamble of trajectories of dynamic system under conditions of indeterminaci
Authors: Otakulov Salim  , Rahimov Boykxuroz  Shermuhamedovich  , Haydarov Tulkinjon  Turgunbayevich
Published: January 2021

In the paper we consider the one model of dynamic system under conditions of indeterminacy – linear controllable differential inclusions. For the informational model of the control system the minimax control problem for ensemble trajectories is researched. This control problem is study with a methods nonsmooth and multi-value analysis. The necessary and sufficient conditions of optimality are obtained.
The flowers appearance on the skin light grayface of different types of lambs.
Authors: Nazarova Mohira Azamtovna
Published: January 2021

The article examines the characteristics and levels of reproduction of flower strength and image, taking into account the flower types of sheep in the offspring of flat-type rams.
Monitoring and evaluation of education in Nigeria: challenges and ways forwards
Authors: Ogunode Niyi Jacob  , Adah Samuel  , Wama Pajo  , Audu Elizabeth
Published: January 2021

The article discusses the challenges preventing effective monitoring and evaluation of education in Nigeria. Secondary data was used to support the points raised in the article. The secondary data were sourced from print material and online publication by recognized institutions and individual author. There are many challenges militating against effective monitoring and evaluation of educational programme in Nigeria. Some of the challenges include; inadequate funding of monitoring and evaluation programmme, inadequate professional monitoring and evaluating officers, poor capacity development of monitoring and evaluating officers, corruptions, insecurity, inadequate monitoring and evaluation tools, political instability and lack of political support. To solve this challenges, this article recommends the following:  the government should provide: adequate funding for monitoring and evaluation programmme, employment of more professional evaluator and monitors, constant capacity development programme for  monitoring and evaluating officers, fight all institution corruption, provide security for Monitoring and Evaluating officers, provide adequate monitoring and evaluation tools, ensure political stability and the political officeholders should support the activities of monitoring and evaluation in the country.
Investigation of the quality indicators of raw silk with a high linear density
Authors: Islambekova Nigora Murtozaevna  , Khaydarov Sanat Sunnatovich
Published: January 2021

This article identifies the number of varieties of hybrid cocoons by season - Musaffo tola-2, Mayin tola-1, China-106, 37- 43 % of raw silk was obtained from the cocoons during the washing of the cocoons of suitable grade according to the established technological map, and the highest value was obtained by Musaffo tola -1. The quality indicators of high-density raw silk obtained from them were studied, and it was determined as a result of experiments that the obtained 37.2 tex tured raw silk corresponds to the navigation UzDSt 3313 2018 2A.
Development of coordination abilities of 5-7 year olds in preschool education institutions
Authors: Rahmonova Dilhumor Fayzullayevna
Published: January 2021

The following article discusses innovative ideas in the development of coordination skills of 5-7 year olds in the preschool education system.
Lexico-semantical features of borrowed words from French language to English
Authors: Safarova Xurshida Salimovna
Published: January 2021

The article provides an in-depth analysis of the lexical and semantic features of words translated from French into English. Examples are given and studied lexically and semantically. The problem that many students, especially adults, face is why many words in English do not lend themselves to reading rules. It's all about their origin, namely, borrowed from other languages.
Artistic interpretation of the mythonyms of Angel and Devil in the works of A.Navoi
Authors: Rajabova Marifat Bakaevna
Published: January 2021

The work of Hazrat Alisher Navoi was formed on the basis of a spiritual treasure that has passed a rich and long historical path of development. The work of the great poet is connected with the oral tradition of the people on the one hand, and with the Qur'an and Hadith, which are the main sources of Islam, on the other hand. Stylistic folklorisms emerged as a result of the effective influence of folklore genres, motives and images in the works of A. Navoi. In the article A. The originality of the use of angelic and satanic mythonyms used in Navoi's works and the motives put forward by them are analyzed.
Methods to prevent silken powder collapsing and clushing during storage
Authors: S.K. Jabbarova  , I.B. Isabaev  , Sadikov Iskandar Shavkatovich
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the current problem of increasing the nutritional value and safety of flour confectionery products. The possibility of using white mulberry powder as a sugar substitute in the formulation of this type of product has been revealed. The analysis of the chemical composition of the powder has been carried out. It has been found to be prone to caking and clumping, making it difficult to dose. The expediency of using additives with a high content of dietary fiber (cellulose) as anti-caking agents has been substantiated. Particular attention is paid to the plant fibers "Sanacel Wheat 90" and "Vitazel", wheat bran and germ product. On the example of two-phase free-flowing systems, the possibility of controlling the structural and mechanical properties of dispersed systems has been proved. The ratio of the ingredients of the mixture was established, proposals for their use in the production of flour confectionery were developed.
Assessment of Language Laboratory and Teaching and Learning of English Language Pronunciation among Undergraduate Students in Nigerian Tertiary Institutions
Authors: AKPAN, FIDELA COSMAS
Published: January 2021

The study made an assessment of language laboratory and teaching and learning of English language pronunciation among undergraduate students in Nigerian tertiary institutions. In order to carry out this study, specified research objective was developed from which and used for the study. The research design for this study is an Expost Facto design. The population of this study consisted of all HND II students in Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic, Ikot Osurua, Ikot Ekepene in 2019/2020 academic session. The sample size for the study is 302 respondents, representing 10% of the student population. The Multi-stage sampling was used to select the respondents. The instrument was validated by two research experts. Data from the completed questionnaires was subjected to percentage analysis. The findings showed and concluded that there is significant effect of language laboratory and teaching and learning of English language pronunciation among undergraduate students in Nigerian tertiary institutions. The study recommended that, Since lecturers quality was significantly related to students’ achievement in English Language pronunciation, lecturers should possess the requisite qualifications before being recruited to teach. Furthermore, the English language lecturers should adopt better teaching strategies during the teaching-learning process.
Literary interpretation of ceremonial folklore in the works of Togay Murod
Authors: Kambarova Saodat Irkinovna
Published: January 2021

The article discusses the examples of ceremonial folklore, effectively used in the story "Oydinda yurgan odamlar" ("People walking in the light") by Togay Murad, a prominent Uzbek writer. The role of these songs as a reflection of the nation's outlook, dreams and hopes. In the framework of the article, series of traditional songs for milking called "Turey-turey" that specially addressed as an artistic expression of the inner worlds of the heroes; lullabies, a shining example of children's folklore; mourning songs that are sung over the tracking of people on their last journey; the importance of legends, myths and riddles in the upbringing of the younger generation, which is the expression of the artistic thinking of the nation have been addressed. It also discusses the issue of developing students' research skills and competencies through the analysis of the meaning embedded in the essence of folklore in the process of literary education.
Environmental protection when processing road-building materials
Authors: Gulchekhra Mirzaeva  , Abdug’aniyev Nazirjon
Published: January 2021

This article presents the most acceptable ways of recycling waste road building materials, as well as the main measures to eliminate the negative impact on the environment of waste road building materials obtained in the process of construction, restoration and reconstruction of roads. These activities will solve a number of problems associated with the negative impact on the environment of construction waste.
The effect of various hepatoprotectors on pathological syndromes in chronic liver diseases and determination of the specific gravity of drug groups
Authors: Nurbaev Farmon Ergashevich  , Umarov Firuz Kholmurodovich  , Yuldashova Shakhlo Toyirovna
Published: January 2021

Chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis of the liver and their consequences remain a global medical and social problem in the world. In the clinical practice of previous years, a variety of drugs were used as means of pathogenetic therapy, many of which turned out to be ineffective and went out of use. At the same time, widely known data on the ability of liver tissue to regenerate allow a rather high assessment of the prospects and potential possibilities of pathogenetic therapy of chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis using hepatoprotectors [1.2.5].

Drug therapy for patients with liver pathology should always be as economical as possible. In each case, it is necessary to compare the degree of necessity of prescribing the drug and the potential danger of its side effects. In the treatment of patients with liver diseases, polypharmacy is extremely undesirable, and the prescribed doses, as a rule, should not exceed the average therapeutic and course [9.10.12].
Technology of teaching foreign languages on the basis of web applications
Authors: Yuldashev Sherzod Rabbimkulovich  , Yakubov Fakhiriddin Jurakulovich  , Osmanov Mustafo Tashtanovich  , Hakimov Halim Nasimovich
Published: January 2021

What is the best way to learn a new language? Ask anyone who speaks more than one language so you get a comprehensive answer. Classes, textbooks, language exchange programs are tools that help you learn a language to a certain extent. Language learning apps are another tool that is becoming increasingly popular. However, each program has its own direction and method of teaching
System of gender attitudes of the poetic system of anna akhmatova
Authors: Gudzina Victoria Anatolyevna
Published: January 2021

As you know, the study of the female worldview and the female experience of living life allows you to look deep into the creative laboratory of the poetess, see the system of correlations and ratios of the female and male in her lyrics and trace the extent to which the nature of this interaction has formed the system of Akhmatova's gender attitudes
Public Tendering Practices, Issues and Directions - A Case of Pakistan Construction Sector
Authors: Khoso Ali Raza , Yusof Md Aminah , Leghari Muhammad Aslam , Siddiqui Fida , Sohu Samiullah
Published: January 2021

Outdated tendering system is a significant obstacle in the momentum of public sector development in Pakistan. This study aims to examine various undiscovered part of public tendering through a detailed survey from key professionals, experts, and decision-makers of public projects. Furthermore, research covers the present status of public tendering in Pakistan and provides recommendations as per experts’ opinion. This paper exhaustively highlights how the classical customs of the public tendering in Pakistan could track the old-fashioned sector to an upright path. Intensive interviews and questionnaire surveys were carried out throughout the country for data compilation. The one-way ANOVA test was performed to verify the perception of various participants and to reject the null hypothesis. The study revealed various interesting facts of present-day situations of public tendering. Various pitfalls in public tendering were underlined in the speculation of experts. The study concluded that public tendering in Pakistan is crowded with severe threats that may be alarming for the future of the industry. Un-discovering of alarming facts about public tendering in Pakistan opens the directions for several researchers in terms of exploring project case studies further. The research is an eye-opener for policymakers, experts, decision-makers and governmental bodies to regulate the public tendering system accordingly.
Predictive Performance of Logistic Regression for Imbalanced Data with Categorical Covariate
Authors: Abd Rahman Hezlin Aryani , Wah Yap Bee , Huat Ong Seng
Published: January 2021

Logistic regression is often used for the classification of a binary categorical dependent variable using various types of covariates (continuous or categorical). Imbalanced data will lead to biased parameter estimates and classification performance of the logistic regression model. Imbalanced data occurs when the number of cases in one category of the binary dependent variable is very much smaller than the other category. This simulation study investigates the effect of imbalanced data measured by imbalanced ratio on the parameter estimate of the binary logistic regression with a categorical covariate. Datasets were simulated with controlled different percentages of imbalance ratio (IR), from 1% to 50%, and for various sample sizes. The simulated datasets were then modeled using binary logistic regression. The bias in the estimates was measured using MSE (Mean Square Error). The simulation results provided evidence that the effect of imbalance ratio on the parameter estimate of the covariate decreased as sample size increased. The bias of the estimates depended on sample size whereby for sample size 100, 500, 1000 – 2000 and 2500 – 3500, the estimates were biased for IR below 30%, 10%, 5% and 2% respectively. Results also showed that parameter estimates were all biased at IR 1% for all sample size. An application using a real dataset supported the simulation results.
Carbon Footprint of Built Features and Planting Works during Construction, Maintenance and Renewal Stages at Urban Parks in Petaling Jaya, Selangor
Authors: Jamirsah Nurzuliza , Said Ismail , Jaafar Badrulzaman , Mohd Hassani Mohd Haniff
Published: January 2021

Carbon emissions in Malaysia are escalating due to rapid urbanisation wherein their sources are claimed to be generated by the construction industry, including urban park development. Upon completion of the urban park project, the vegetation will supposedly function immediately as a carbon sequester. However, the processes of building, maintaining, and renewing built features and plantings can emit additional carbon dioxide (CO2) than the storage. Rigorous CO2 release across the maintenance and renewal stages may be contributed by park management activities, such as planting grooming, built feature rectification, and park maintenance works. This study investigated carbon footprint derived from built features and planting works during the construction, maintenance, and renewal stages of park management. Taman Bandaran Kelana Jaya and Taman Aman Petaling Jaya were chosen as the study sites as they were located at urban areas. Continued use of the parks resulted in a swift deterioration of its facilities, whereby this scenario would ensure recurrent maintenance and renewal works were conducted for them. As-built drawings were utilised to identify the lists of inventories and work breakdown structure for every built feature and planting work to approximate the indirect CO2 emissions, which was aided by EToolLCD software. This study revealed that the amount of CO2 sequestered by the manicured vegetation was only 28.7% out of the total CO2 emission produced since its construction stage. Hence, urban parks can be perceived as a carbon source instead of a carbon sink medium.
Multilingual Sentiment Analysis: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Abdullah Nur Atiqah Sia , Rusli Nur Ida Aniza
Published: January 2021

With the explosive growth of social media, the online community can freely express their opinions without disclosing their identities. People with hidden agendas can easily post fake opinions to discredit target products, services, politicians, or organizations. With these big data, monitoring opinions and distilling their sentiments remain a formidable task because of the proliferation of diverse sites with a large volume of opinions that are portrayed in multilingual. Therefore, this paper aims to provide a systematic literature review on multilingual sentiment analysis, which summarises the common languages supported in multilingual sentiment analysis, pre-processing techniques, existing sentiment analysis approaches, and evaluation models that have been used for multilingual sentiment analysis. By following the systematic literature review, the findings revealed, most of the models supported two languages, and English is seen as the most used language in sentiment analysis studies. None of the reviewed literature has catered the combination of languages for English, Chinese, Malay, and Hindi language on multilingual sentiment analysis. The common pre-processing techniques for the multilingual domain are tokenization, normalization, capitalization, N-gram, and machine translation. Meanwhile, the sentiment analysis classification techniques for multilingual sentiment are hybrid sentiment analysis, which includes localized language analysis, unsupervised topic clustering, and then followed by multilingual sentiment analysis. In terms of evaluation, most of the studies used precision, recall, and accuracy as the benchmark for the results.
Internet of Things (IoT) Implementation in Learning Institutions: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Chweya Ruth , Ibrahim Othman
Published: January 2021

Internet of Things (IoT) is a computing concept facilitating the management of collaborative activities from one central area. Millennial learners, growth in enrolment numbers in universities, and the need for equity and quality learning necessitate the use of IoT technologies in education. The focus of this paper is to examine IoT implementations in learning institutes, their application areas, the themes presented, the models and methodologies used, and the benefits. This study concentrated on publications from 2008 to 2017. The outcomes revealed that the utilization of IoT for tracking and tracing a learner’s attendance had been one of the application areas of IoT in education. This study further categorized the papers and presents novel research opportunities based on concentrated themes and areas that had not been fully exhausted. Most research studies employed qualitative methods, with a few utilizing a quantitative approach with surveys. Research themes exhibited a shortcoming in other important themes, such as the models and methodologies used for implementing IoT. Finally, the results of this study agree that IoT implementation could help solve some issues in learning institutions like equity and quality learning. The results from this research also provide a base for future research works on the successful implementation of IoT in learning institutions.
Selection in the M2 Generation of Soybeans (Glycine Max (L.) Merill) irradiated with Cobalt – 60 Gamma Irradiation in the Guinea Savannah Agroecology of Ghana
Authors: ADDAI Isaac Kwahene
Published: January 2021

Field studies were conducted at the research fields of the University for Development Studies, Ghana from July to November, 2014 and June to October 2015. The studies were aimed at investigating the effect of gamma irradiation on growth and grain yield of soybean. Seeds of soybean variety Jenguma were subjected to gamma irradiation at 150, 200, 250 and 300 Gy from the 60Co source at the Biotechnology and Nuclear Agricultural Research Institute of the Ghana Atomic Energy Commission in Accra, Ghana. The irradiated seeds and some unirradiated control (0 Gy) were planted during the 2014 cropping season in a randomized complete block design with three replications. At harvest, all M1 seeds for respective gamma ray doses were harvested and composited, and advanced to the M2 generation during the cropping season of 2015.  In M1, gamma irradiation significantly (P < 0.05) affected seedling emergence. There was significant reduction in survival of seedlings especially from the 150 Gy. Seedling heights of the irradiated species were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced. Number of days to 50% flowering was also significantly (P < 0.05) affected.  In M2, more desired traits were found from plants irradiated with the 200 Gy and 250 Gy doses, with only few in the 150 Gy and 300 Gy treated plants. There was a potential for total grain yield improvement. Numbers of pods per plant and seed weight were the key parameters found to influence grain yield. Maturity period was also found to be shorter in the selected plants. The shattering resistance of plants in the 200 Gy and 250 Gy was found to be a potential improvement over the parental variety ‘Jenguma’ which was originally bred for that purpose. Selected plants would be advanced into M3 generation for further studies and results will be published
Effects of spacing and water control on growth and yield performance of irrigated rice in Guinea savannah Agro-ecological zone
Authors: SHERIF Abubakari Mohammed , ADU-GYAMFI Raphael , MAHAMA Ahmed Rufai
Published: January 2021

The adoption of some attributes of the system of rice intensification (SRI) like water control and planting distance may help improve the productivity of rice. The aim of this study was to use water supply and plant density, components of SRI, to improve rice yield and reduce water use. The study was conducted at Golinga irrigation scheme. Continuous and Intermittent flooding served as main plots in a split-plot design. Four plant spacing, 20 x 20, 25 x 25, 30 x 30 and 40 x 40 cm, were used as subplot treatments. Water control and planting distance interaction significantly (P=0.001) influenced plant height where intermittent flooding promoted taller plants in narrow and wider planting distance (20 x 20 cm and 40 x 40 cm). Days to 50% flowering lengthened with increasing planting distance. Tiller and reproductive tiller number per plant were influenced by only planting distance (P=0.001) and the numbers increased with increasing planting distance. Dry root weight was significantly influenced by both water control (P=0.001) and planting distance (P=0.001). Intermittent flooding induced better root development. (0.678 kg/hill) than continuously flooding (0.598 kg/hill). Root development also improved with increasing planting distance, from 0.37-0.90 kg/hill. Panicle number per unit area, paddy grain yield and straw weight were significantly influenced (P=0.001) by planting distance with 25 x 25 cm giving the best performance. Paddy yield of 5.2 ton/ha at a planting distance of 25 x 25 cm was above the national average and within the potential yield of the variety.  It can be concluded that intermittent and continuous flooding gave a similar performance. Increasing plant spacing helps to improve individual hill performance but beyond 25 x 25 cm planting distance, the benefits at the individual hill performance are offset by reduced plant density.
The potential of false yam as livestock feed: A review
Authors: NIAYALE Robert , ADDAH Weseh , DEI Herbert K.
Published: January 2021

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Effects of spironolactone on extrasystoles and heart rate variability in haemodialysis patients: a randomised crossover trial
Authors: Eklund Michael , Hellberg Olof , Furuland Hans , Cao Yang , Nilsson Erik
Published: January 2021

Background: Spironolactone treatment reduces mortality in haemodialysis (HD) patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate if spironolactone affects cardiac electric activity in this population.
Methods: Participants were randomised to start with spironolactone 50 mg daily or observation (12 weeks) with subsequent washout (6 weeks) and crossover to the other intervention (12 weeks). Long-term electrocardiograms were recorded and assessed with blinding to treatment. The primary outcome was premature ventricular complexes (PVC), and secondary outcomes were atrial premature contractions (APC) and heart rate variability (HRV).
Results: Thirty participants were recruited, and data for 16 participants were included in the analysis. Treatment was associated with an increase in PVCs by 9.7 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.5 to 18] h−1. HRV time-domain variables increased during treatment, the standard deviation of all beat-to-beat intervals by 18 (95% CI: 3.3 to 32) milliseconds (ms) and the standard deviation of the averages of beat-to-beat intervals in all 5-min segments of the entire recording by 16 (95% CI: 1.5 to 30) ms. There were no significant differences in other variables.
Conclusion: Spironolactone treatment increases PVCs in HD, indicating a possible proarrhythmic effect. However, improved cardiac autonomic function, as indicated by an increased HRV, may contribute to the survival benefit from spironolactone treatment in HD patients.