bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penguatan Partisipasi Perempuan dalam Pengendalian Resiko Kerusakan Lingkungan Hidup bagi Kelompok Ibu Rumah Tangga di Kelurahan Mbaumuku, Manggarai, Flores, NTT
Authors: Rosdiana Su Yosefina , Fatmawati Fatmawati , A. Ntelok Zephisius R.
Published: June 2019

Perempuan dan lingkungan adalah dua komponen kehidupan yang telah terikat secara alamiah. Karenanya, perempuan memiliki potensi dan posisi strategis yang dapat diberdayakan dalam menanggapi isu-isu pemeliharaan lingkungan. Akan tetapi, di berbagai kalangan masyarakat, posisi perempuan, terutama mereka yang berprofesi sebagai ibu rumah tangga masih dianggap tidak menguntungkan yang kemudian membatasi akses mereka untuk berpartisipasi dalam sektor publik termasuk untuk berperan serta dalam gerakan-gerakan peduli lingkungan. Bagi beberapa kelompok ibu rumah tangga, kerentanan posisi perempuan ini juga disebabkan oleh dominasi kuat budaya patriarki yang telah berakar dalam masyarakat. Paradigma ini juga telah melemahkan posisi perempuan dan cenderung menjadikannya sebagai kelompok yang termarginalkan. Mengangkat masalah pengelolaan sampah, artikel ini memaparkan sebuah upaya pendampingan berbasis gender bagi kelompok ibu rumah tangga agar kelompok ini dapat menjadi tokoh sentral yang mampu membangun sinergi dengan semua komponen masyarakat dalam mengendalikan kerusakan lingkungan hidup yang disebabkan oleh kesalahan dalam sistem pengolahan sampah.
”Sinä iče oled vepsläine, voib sanuda, ka?” (tulossa)
Authors: Puura Ulriikka
Published: June 2019

Ulriikka Puuran suomalais-ugrilaisen kielentutkimuksen alaan kuuluva väitöskirja tarkastettiin Helsingin yliopistossa lauantaina 23. helmikuuta 2019. Vastaväittäjänä toimi professori Anneli Sarhimaa Mainzin yliopistosta ja kustoksena professori Riho Grünthal.

Ulriikka Puura: ”Sinä iče oled vepsläine, voib sanuda, ka?” - Vepsäläisyyden rakentuminen ja 2000-luvun vepsän kieli. Helsinki: Helsingin yliopisto. Artikkelimuotoisen väitöskirjan johdanto on luettavissa osoitteessa http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-951-51-4878-0.
THE NATIONAL SEGMENT IN THE INFORMATION SUPPORT FOR THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS: CONTEMPORARY BELARUSIAN REALITIES
Authors: Kuzminich T. V.
Published: June 2019

National information resources are an important component of the resource base of the education space. Features of their development in Belarus pose a number of pressing challenges for the library community of this country.

The article covers the main types of information resources that were created in Belarus in the last decade and have become an integral part of resourcing for the educational process. It shows the specifics of how the aggregated collection of national printed publications, collections of fulltext electronic information are formed.

Possibilities for the development of the national segment in the information support for various entities in the education space involve creating National Electronic Library and implementing a number of other national projects that aim to cumulate separate information units and design information and analytical tools based on them.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN INQUIRY TRAINING TERINTEGRASI POWERPOINTTERHADAP KETERAMPILAN PROSES SAINS DI KELAS X SEMESTER II SMA DHARMA PANCASILA T.P 2017/2018
Authors: Nilmalasari Rima , Sinulingga Karya
Published: June 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran inquiry trainingterhadap keterampilan proses sains pada materi pokok Momentum, Impuls dan Tumbukan di kelas X SMA Dharma Pancasila T.P. 2017/2018.Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah quasi eksperimen dengan desain penelitian Control Group Pre-test Post-test. Populasi dalam penelitian  adalah seluruh siswa kelas X SMA Dharma Pancasila Medan yang terdiri dari 4 kelas. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan cara random sampling yaitu kelas X MIA 1 dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 30 orang sebagai kelas eksperimen yang diberi perlakuan model inquiry trainning terintegrasi powerpoint dan X MIA 2 dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 30 orang sebagai kelas kontrol dengan pembelajaran konvensional. Instrumen yang dilakukan berbentuk essai tes sebanyak 7 soal yang telah divalidasi oleh validator. Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan data post test diperoleh nilai rata-rata kelas eksperimen 78,92  dan nilai rata-rata kelas kontrol 68,67.Hasil penelitian yang peroleh bahwa ada perbedaan nilai rata – rata dan aktivitas yang signifikan akibat pengaruh dari model pembelajaran inquiry training terintegrasi powerpoint terhadap keterampilan proses sains siswa pada materi pokok Momentum, Impuls dan Tumbukan kelas X SMA Dharma Pancasila Medan T.P 2017/2018. Kata Kunci: Model pembelajaraninquiry training, keterampilan proses sains, powerpoint
The Miocene flora of Alum Bluff, Liberty County, Florida
Authors: Lott Terry A. , Manchester Steven R. , Corbett Sarah L.
Published: June 2019

The plant fossils of Alum Bluff, northwestern Florida, provide a unique insight into the rarely preserved Miocene flora of the eastern United States. A century has passed since the introductory treatment on the fossil leaf flora of Alum Bluff. More specimens have accumulated over the past two decades, allowing for an updated evaluation of the megafossil flora following a recent study of the palynoflora. The strata consisting of poorly consolidated sand and siltstones with intervening clay layers, here recognized as the Fort Preston Formation of the Alum Bluff Group, are considered to be of Barstovian age (16.3–13.6 Ma), based on co-occurring mammalian remains. Here we recognize 36 kinds of leaves and 10 kinds of fruits and seeds, giving a minimum estimate of at least one fungus, one fern, one gymnosperm, 38 angiosperms and 7 unknowns. We also report one new species and two new combinations. These taxa augment those already reported based on pollen from the same strata, allowing us to portray the vegetation as elm-hickory-cabbage palm forest occurring near the coastline in a deltaic, pro-deltaic, or intertidal shore face environment. The results of a climate analysis of the Alum Bluff flora, using leaf margin and leaf area, give estimates of 19.0°C mean annual temperature and 116.0 cm mean annual precipitation.
Revisions to the fossil sporophyte record of Marsilea
Authors: Hermsen Elizabeth J.
Published: June 2019

The fossil record of Marsilea is challenging to assess, due in part to unreliable reports and conflicting opinions regarding the proper application of the names Marsilea and Marsileaceaephyllum to fossil leaves and leaflets similar to those of modern Marsilea. Specimens examined for this study include material assigned to Marsileaceaephyllum johnhallii, purportedly the oldest fossil record of a Marsilea-like sporophyte from the Lower Cretaceous of the Dakota Formation, Kansas, U.S.A.; leaves and leaf whorls of the extinct aquatic angiosperm Fortuna from several Late Cretaceous and Paleocene localities in western North America; and leaves and leaflets resembling Marsilea from the Eocene Green River Formation, Colorado and Utah, U.S.A. Literature on the fossil record of Marsilea was also reviewed. As a result, several taxonomic changes are proposed. Marsileaceaephyllum johnhallii is reinterpreted as an aquatic angiosperm that shares some architectural features with the genus Fortuna, although Marsileaceaephyllum is here maintained as a distinct genus with an emended diagnosis; under this reinterpretation, the name Marsileaceaephyllum can no longer be applied to sporophyte organs with affinities to Marsileaceae. Three valid fossil Marsilea species are recognized on the basis of sporophyte material that includes characteristic quadrifoliolate leaves and reticulate-veined leaflets: Marsilea campanica (J. Kvaček & Herman) Hermsen, comb. nov., from the Upper Cretaceous Grünbach Formation, Austria; Marsilea mascogos Estrada-Ruiz et al., from the Upper Cretaceous Olmos Formation, Mexico; and Marsilea sprungerorum Hermsen, sp. nov., from the Eocene Green River Formation, U.S.A. The species are distinguished from one another based on leaflet dimensions. Leaves from the Eocene Wasatch Formation, U.S.A., are transferred from Marsileaceaephyllum back to Marsilea, although not assigned to a fossil species. Finally, an occurrence of Marsilea from the Oligocene of Ethiopia is reassigned to Salvinia. A critical evaluation of the fossil record of Marsilea thus indicates that (1) the oldest fossil marsileaceous sporophytes bearing Marsilea-like leaves are from the Campanian; (2) only four credible records of sporophyte material attributable to Marsilea are known; and (3) the oldest dispersed Marsilea spores are known from the Oligocene.
The Study on Effects of Walking on the Thermal Properties of Clothing and Subjective Comfort
Authors: Špelić Ivana , Rogale Dubravko , Bogdanić Alka Mihelić
Published: June 2019

Former studies done by other authors investigated the first- and second-layered air gaps beneath the clothing garments. None of the previous studies reported multidisciplinary clothing design testing approach linking both the objective measuring methods and subjective responses, while testing the thermal properties linked to a microclimatic volume formed between the layers of garments forming the ensemble. Neither was determined the limiting value of the microclimatic volume for outerwear garments, after which the thermal insulation will start to decrease due to convection. By taking the advantage of the precise three-dimensional (3D) body scanning technology and reverse engineering 3D CAD tool, the volume of the microclimatic air layers formed under outerwear garments was determined to study the impact of the ensemble’s microclimatic volume on the overall insulation value, measured by means of the thermal manikin. The jacket with the smaller microclimatic volume provided 5.2–13.5% less insulation than wider jackets, while the ensembles with tighter jackets showed 0.74–1.9% less insulation in static and 0.9–2.7% more insulation in dynamic conditions, thus proving that the limiting value of the microclimatic volume is greater than previously reported for three-layered ensembles. The effective thermal insulation value was reduced in average by 20.98–25.34% between standing and moving manikins. The thermal manikins are designed for steady-state measurements and do not work well under transient conditions, so three human subjects were employed as evaluators of the clothing thermal quality. In cooler climatic conditions, the measured physiological parameters and subjects’ grades pointed to discomfort while wearing ensembles with tighter jackets.
A Study on Improving Dyeability of Polyester Fabric Using Lipase Enzyme
Authors: Kumar Jeyaraman Anandha , Senthil Kumar M.
Published: June 2019

Enzymatic hydrolysis on synthetic fibers enhances the hydrophilicity and solves the concerns regarding the environmental issues of textile industry. Lipase hydrolyses ester linkages in polyethylene terephthalate and produces polar hydroxyl and carboxylic groups. The study aims to identify and investigate the effect of enzyme treatment on weight loss and surface modification of polyester fabrics. Also the functional groups present before and after treatment and the effect of enzyme treatment on the improvement of dye uptake are studied. The test indicates that enzymatic process creates less surface damage, weight loss and improved moisture regain, dye uptake, and shear properties.
The morphogenesis of erosional valleys in the slopes of the Drwęca valley and the properties of their colluvial infills
Authors: Karasiewicz Tomasz , Tobojko Lucyna , Świtoniak Marcin , Milewska Kinga , Tyszkowski Sebastian
Published: June 2019

The article characterises Late Glacial and Holocene deposits and provides a morphometric analysis of erosional and denudation valleys in the slope and terraces of the Drwęca Valley near Jajkowo village, a few kilometres east of Brodnica. A detailed field mapping was used to identify in detail two such forms within the western slope of the Drwęca Valley. Based on the results, it was found that the longitudinal profiles of these forms are not aligned (with an inclination of approximately 4˚). The slopes of valley I are asymmetrical, with the southern slope being milder than the northern exposure, which is not the case with form II. Form I is narrower and has a V-shaped cross profile, while II is wider and has a trough-shaped profile cross profile. The side valleys were initially cut by the flow of what were most probably meltwaters and precipitation water from the moraine plateau, then the erosion stopped and the valleys gradually filled and widened mainly as a result of rinsing and mass movements, which may have been increased by man. Currently, forestry use is significantly reducing the activity of slope processes and rinsing. The sediments that fill the bottoms of these forms are usually consist of silt or sandy lithofacies with massive, streaky or deformation horizons. They are characterised by a significant enrichment in organic matter which is typical for colluvial deposits of young glacial areas. The relatively high pH values result from the investigated erosional forms intersecting into sediments rich in calcium carbonate. Moreover, groundwater flowing from the moraine plateau may also be the source of basic components.
Long-term variability of water temperature and salinity at the Polish coast
Authors: Świątek Małgorzata
Published: June 2019

The variability of surface water temperature and water salinity at the south coast of the Baltic in the years 1950–2015 was studied in the article. To that aim, monthly surface water temperature values in Świnoujście, Międzyzdroje, Kołobrzeg (from 1957), Władysławowo, Hel and Gdynia were used, as well as monthly water salinity values in Międzyzdroje, Władysławowo, Hel and Gdynia, all obtained from IMGW-PIB (Institute of Meteorology and Water Management – National Research Institute). Linear regression and Pearson’s simple correlation coefficient of individual monthly, seasonal and annual series of temperature and salinity values over time (in subsequent years) were used to analyse the temporal changes of the examined parameters. In the analysed period a rise in the annual water temperature was recorded in Międzyzdroje, Władysławowo, Hel and Gdynia, while the extent of the changes increased towards the east. There were also positive trends in temperature values in individual months. At the same time, there was a decrease in water salinity, which was also found to be most distinct in the eastern part of the coast. In Władysławowo, Hel and Gdynia, statistically significant drops occurred in nearly all months. During the months featuring statistically insignificant trends, the observed change trends were also negative. Concurrent water temperature increases and water salinity decreases consequently caused a decline in sea water surface density at the Polish Baltic coast.
A Review of Hashing based Image Copy Detection Techniques
Authors: Srivastava Mayank , Siddiqui Jamshed , Ali Mohammad Athar
Published: June 2019

Images are considered to be natural carriers of information, and a large number of images are created, exchanged and are made available online. Apart from creating new images, the availability of number of duplicate copies of images is a critical problem. Hashing based image copy detection techniques are a promising alternative to address this problem. In this approach, a hash is constructed by using a set of unique features extracted from the image for identification. This article provides a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art image hashing techniques. The reviewed techniques are categorized by the mechanism used and compared across a set of functional & performance parameters. The article finally highlights the current issues faced by such systems and possible future directions to motivate further research work.
Can the use of varenicline improve the efficacy of pharmacotherapy for nicotine addiction?
Authors: Mazur Rafał , Masternak Sebastian , Pająk Michał , Skoczeń Nikodem , Soroka Ewelina , Olajossy Marcin
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Smoking is a huge medical and social problem in Poland, with as many as about 24% of Poles being addicted to nicotine. Approximately 6 million people worldwide die every year from conditions that are closely related to tobacco addiction, such as cancer and cardiovascular, metabolic or lung diseases. The difficulty in combatting nicotine dependence is largely due to the complex mechanism of this addiction. The motivation of a patient to quit smoking is of great importance in the difficult withdrawal process. Strengthening this motivation is one of the most important tasks of physicians and addiction therapists.
Overview of literature: Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) has been the most widely known way to break away from smoking addiction for many years now. It involves delivering nicotine to the body in ways that are less harmful than through tobacco smoke. As a consequence, the cravings for nicotine are reduced, making it easier for the patient to break with the addiction. Clinical trials have shown that the use of NRT is associated with a 50-70% increased chance of maintaining abstinence from smoking compared to placebo. There are many NRT products, including nicotine chewing gum, nicotine patches, lozenges, dissolvable nicotine sticks, or inhalers. Bupropion is a selective dopamine–noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor. This drug is one of the most commonly used in the pharmacotherapy of depression in the United States. At the same time, it has been found to have a positive effect on people trying to break up with the habit of smoking cigarettes. The mechanism of action remains unknown in this case, but studies clearly indicate the efficacy of bupropion, which is comparable to the efficacy of NRT. Varenicline is a partial agonist selective for α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. It has a higher affinity for these receptors than nicotine. By stimulating them, it causes an increase in dopamine secretion (but to a lesser extent than cigarette smoking), helping in this way ease withdrawal symptoms.
Conclusions: Varenicline has higher efficacy than bupropion and NRTs. Simultaneous use of two NRT forms increases the effectiveness of this method to a level comparable to varenicline. Contrary to previous reports, it seems that varenicline does not increase self-aggressive behaviour and the risk of suicide. The effectiveness of antinicotinic drugs depends on the sex of the patient. For both sexes, the most effective drug is varenicline. It is slightly more effective in women than in men. By contrast, NRT and bupropion show greater therapeutic potential in men.

Keywords: smoking cessation, nicotine replacement therapy, varenicline, bupropion, cytisine
Exogenous isoleucine and phenylalanine interact with abscisic acid-mediated anthocyanin accumulation in grape
Authors: Hattori Tomoki , Chen Yang , Enoki Shinichi , Igarashi Daisuke , Suzuki Shunji
Published: June 2019

Berry skin colour is a crucial determinant of red/black grape berry quality. We investigated the effects of combination treatments with amino acids and a low concentration of ABA on anthocyanin accumulation in grapes. Among the amino acids tested, isoleucine and phenylalanine resulted in high anthocyanin contents in grape cell cultures. The combination treatments with isoleucine or phenylalanine, and a low concentration of ABA enhanced anthocyanin accumulation in grape cells and detached grape berries. The combination treatment with isoleucine, but not with phenylalanine, and ABA upregulated MybA1 expression. Field-grown grapevines received combination treatments with isoleucine or phenylalanine, and ABA in two growing seasons. In the 2015 growing season, the combination treatments with isoleucine or phenylalanine, and a low concentration of ABA accelerated anthocyanin accumulation in grape berry skins of field-grown grapevines on days 10 and 31 post treatment. The effects on anthocyanin accumulation became negligible at harvest. The effect of the combination treatment with phenylalanine and a low concentration of ABA on anthocyanin accumulation was masked in the 2017 growing season due to the unexpected stimulation of anthocyanin accumulation by the low concentration of ABA, although the combination treatment accelerated anthocyanin accumulation on days 3 and 10 post treatment. Taken together, the results suggested that exogenous isoleucine and phenylalanine interacted with ABA-mediated anthocyanin accumulation in grape berry skins of field-grown grapevines when the activity of ABA used to treat the grapevines was inadequate.
Use of biocides for controlling viral diseases that attack common bean and cucumber plants
Authors: Helal Ismail Mohamed
Published: June 2019

This study aimed at investigating the antiviral activities of biocides made of formulated essential oils. These were derived from five plant species: fennel, oregano, peppermint, thyme and ginger. The potencies of these preparations were tested against local infection with the Tobacco necrosis virus (TNV) on common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and against systemic infection with the Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). After the determination of the most effective concentration, the formulated biocides were tested in protective and curative manners (before and after virus inoculation) against the growth of plants. The obtained results showed that the peppermint-derived biocide had the greatest effect on reducing the infectivity of the TNV virus (100% growth inhibition at 4000 ppm), whereas the biocide from thyme was the most effective against the infectivity of the CMV virus, as it induced a complete growth inhibition at 3000 ppm. The results of the protective and curative experiments revealed that the formulated biocides exerted high protection and curative effects against the two viruses. The observations revealed that the biocides were able to enhance plant defences against viral infection, as indicated by the increased levels of total chlorophyll, protein and phenols. Moreover, the levels of the oxidative stress markers including peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) were improved compared to the control settings. In conclusion, the formulated biocides progressively present a favourable alternative to chemically synthesized pesticides in crop protection.
Salicylic acid and jasmonic acid can suppress green and blue moulds of citrus fruit and induce the activity of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase
Authors: Moosa Anam , Sahi Shahbaz Talib , Khan Sajid Aleem , Malik Aman Ullah
Published: June 2019

The ability of salicylic acid and jasmonic acid to suppress post-harvest infection with green mould Penicillium digitatum and blue mould P. italicum on three citrus species Citrus reticulata ‘Kinnow’, C. limon ‘Meyer Lemon’, and C. limetta ‘Mosambi’ was evaluated in a dose-response study. Salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) were applied to the fruits as a post-harvest dip treatment followed by wound inoculation with the pathogens. Both resistance inducers caused a significantly lower disease severity compared with the infected but non-treated control, whereas disease incidence was not significantly lower than in the control. The efficacy of both SA and JA in reducing disease severity was concentration-dependent; the use of higher concentrations resulted in a greater degree of suppression. All the Citrus species tested in this study showed different responses in terms of disease development. C. limon ‘Meyer Lemon’ showed the highest disease development, and C. limetta ‘Mosambi’ the lowest. To get an insight into the mechanisms underlying the increase in resistance, the activity of defence-related enzymes – peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) – was recorded in SA- and JA-treated fruit peelings. The activity of both enzymes was directly proportional to the concentration of the SA and JA applications. The highest activity of PPO and POD was observed in C. reticulata ‘Kinnow’ and the lowest in C. limon ‘Meyer Lemon’ fruits. This study is the first to document an increase in the activity of PPO and POD in SA- and JA-treated Citrus species in the presence of blue mould and green mould pathogens.
Influenza and sudden unexpected death: the possible role of peptide cross-reactivity
Authors: Kanduc Darja
Published: June 2019

This study investigates the hypothesis that cross-reactions may occur between human cardiac proteins and influenza antigens, thus possibly representing the molecular mechanism underlying influenzaassociated sudden unexpected death (SUD). Using titin protein as a research model, data were obtained on (1) the occurrence of the titin octapeptide AELLVLLE or its mimic AELLVALE in influenza A virus hemagglutinin (HA) sequences; (2) the immunological potential of AELLVLLE and its mimic AELLVALE; (3) the possible role of the flanking amino acid aa) context of the two octapeptide determinants in eliciting cross-reactivity between the human cardiac titin protein and HA antigens.
Remarks on Geo-Logarithmic Price Indices
Authors: Białek Jacek
Published: June 2019

As is known, all geo-logarithmic indices enjoy the axiomatic properties of being proportional, commensurable and homogeneous, together with their cofactors (Martini 1992a). Geologarithmic price indices satisfying the axioms of monotonicity, basis reversibility and factor reversibility have been investigated by Marco Fattore (2010), who has shown that the superlative Fisher price index does not belong to this family of indices. In this article, we discuss geo-logarithmic price indices with reference to the Laspeyres-Paasche bounding test and we propose a modification of the considered index family that satisfies this test. We also modify the structure of geo-logarithmic indices by using an additional parameter and, following the economic approach, we list superlative price index formulas that are members of the considered price index family. We obtain a special subfamily that approximates superlative price indices and includes the Fisher, Walsh and Sato-Vartia price indices.
Decomposing Multilateral Price Indexes into the Contributions of Individual Commodities
Authors: Webster Michael , Tarnow-Mordi Rory C.
Published: June 2019

This article describes methods for decomposing price indexes into contributions from individual commodities, to help understand the influence of each commodity on aggregate price index movements.

Previous authors have addressed the decomposition of bilateral price indexes, which aggregate changes in commodity prices from one time period to another. Our focus is the decomposition of multilateral price indexes, which aggregate commodity prices across more than two time periods or countries at once. Multilateral indexes have historically been used for spatial comparisons, and have recently received attention from statistical agencies looking to produce temporal price indexes from large and high frequency price data sets, such as scanner data. Methods for decomposing these indexes are of practical relevance.

We present decompositions of three multilateral price indexes. We also review methods proposed by other researchers for extending multilateral indexes without revising previously published index levels, and show how to decompose the extended indexes they produce. Finally, we use a data set of seasonal prices and quantities to illustrate how these decomposition methods can be used to understand the influence of individual commodities on multilateral price index movements, and to shed light on the relationships between various multilateral and extension methods.
Genetic sequence stratigraphy on the basis of ichnology for the Middle Jurassic basin margin succession of Chorar Island (eastern Kachchh Basin, western India)
Authors: Darngawn Jehova L. , Patel Satish J. , Joseph Jaquilin K. , Shitole Apuva D.
Published: June 2019

Synrift basin margin successions are greatly influenced by eustatic sea level changes, tectonics and accommodation space filled in by sediments. The Middle Jurassic (Bajocian–Callovian) of Chorar Island (western India) comprises a ~109-m-thick synrift basin margin succession of clastic, non-clastic and mixed siliciclastic-carbonate rocks which are here analysed and categorised into nine lithofacies. The succession is bioturbated to varying intensities; 16 identified ichnogenera can be assigned to environmentally related groups of five trace fossil assemblages, which include Gyrochorte, Hillichnus, Rhizocorallium, Skolithos and Thalassinoides. These ichnoassemblages document the Skolithos and Cruziana Ichnofacies which marks a change in energy conditions, sedimentation dispersal patterns and bathymetry in a shallow-marine environment. The Bajocian–Callovian succession is further analysed on the basis of sedimentological and ichnological data that show two genetic sequences consisting of Transgressive Systems Tract and Highstand Systems Tract bounded by Maximum Flooding Surface. The synrift basin margin succession of the Middle Jurassic of Chorar Island shows cyclicity in deposition; the Bajocian–Bathonian succession represents progradational to retrogradational coastlines, while the Callovian succession documents an aggrading progradational coastline.
Long-term shoreline shifts on continental blocks during the Bajocian: an updated interpretation based on synthetic stratigraphical and palaeogeographical developments on regional scales
Authors: Ruban Dmitry A. , Sallam Emad S.
Published: June 2019

Available reconstructions of Jurassic global sea level changes differ and are in need of an update. New stratigraphical charts and palaeogeographical developments for a number of large continental blocks or their portions of these (e.g., Germany, India, northeast Africa, northwest Australia, the Russian Platform and western Siberia) reveal regional long-term shoreline shifts (i.e., transgressions and regressions) during the Bajocian Stage (168.3–170.3 Ma). A comparison of these allows to document only a single coherent feature, namely the earliest Bajocian transgression, in the majority of the continental blocks considered. Undoubtedly, this event was triggered by a eustatic rise. However, long-term shoreline shifts were either weak to absent or differed between the blocks during almost the entire Bajocian, thus providing evidence of the apparent stability of global sea level and the importance of regional tectonic activity as a control mechanism on particular transgressions and regressions. Interestingly, it appears that the earliest Bajocian eustatic rise was a constituent of a long-term eustatic pattern; the nature of this event has yet to be fully understood. Generally, the findings presented here are in better agreement with Anthony Hallam’s view of Jurassic eustasy and question some other global sea level reconstructions.
Analysis of selected elements of knowledge management in the context of the size of the enterprise and the specifics of its activity
Authors: Prusak Rafał
Published: June 2019

Proper, effective knowledge management is possible only through the implementation of mechanisms and systems tailored to the specifics of the company’s operations and the nature and quantity of its resources. Drawing from the experience of others is advisable, however, to some extent difficult due to the specific uniqueness of many elements of knowledge management in enterprises resulting, for example, from the size of the organization. The study attempts to identify characteristic features of the solutions used in Poland, depending on the size of the enterprise and the nature of its activities. The survey used a questionnaire, which was addressed to the representatives of the top management of 105 enterprises. Based on the obtained results, the characteristics of the identified phenomena and trends were characterized and the limitations of the conducted study were indicated.
How chatbots influence marketing
Authors: Kaczorowska-Spychalska Dominika
Published: June 2019

The role of digital technologies, especially the Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI), increasingly become a key element of diverse interactions between brands and consumers. Homo Cyber Oeconomicus, one of the potential stages of ongoing consumer’s evolution, lives between processes of dehumanization of the surrounding world and humanization of digital technologies. While remaining in a constant contact with smart devices, systems and algorithms, they are looking for new values and meanings, which are a metaphor of their desires, fears and behaviors. As a result, the digital ecosystem, as an attempt to combine the humanism idea with technologization processes, poses new challenges to companies/brands, both concerning the quality of interactions with an increasingly digital consumer and tools used in that process. Chatbots can prove to be an interesting solution here, as their spectrum of potential areas of implementation in business systematically increases. The paper attempts to identify the influence of chatbots on marketing taking into account their role in Human–to–Machine interaction process. A part of these considerations is of the character of philosophical discourse on the role of that technology in human life, which is a starting point for the presentation of preliminary assumptions for a model of consumer-chatbot interaction (digital technology) in marketing activity of companies/brands.
Pay Dissatisfaction among Municipal Employees: Empirical Evidence from Russia’s Stavropol Region
Authors: Jäkel Tim
Published: June 2019

Dissatisfied public employees put at risk the quality of service delivery. Th is study investigates pay dissatisfaction among a sample (N=501) of municipal employees in Russia’s Stavropol region. We find that pay dissatisfaction results from negative perceptions of public employment compensation, low levels of risk aversion, unethical professional attitudes, and more than 4 years of working experience. Our findings suggest that municipal employees are sensitive to multiple wage gaps within the public sector, and that upward pay comparisons are a relevant predictor of dissatisfaction with pay. We conclude that widespread pay dissatisfaction poses a serious threat to the implementation of federal programs and sustainable rural development in Russia.
The Hungarian Experiences with Handling Irregularities in the Use of EU Funds
Authors: Nyikos Györgyi , Kondor Zsuzsanna
Published: June 2019

Using European Union funds involves a complex process; Member States must adhere to wide-ranging EU and domestic legislation, non-compliance can lead to irregularities. Besides accordance with the letter of the law, also the general EU budgetary principles, in particular sound financial management, must be given full consideration. The paper presents Hungary’s evolving approach to handling irregularities and her experience in creating the corresponding legal and institutional framework. The research also assesses how the perspective of the European Commission, in particular of its auditors, has contributed to legal uncertainties.

In the draft legislation for the 2021 – 2027 budgetary period, the European Commission proposes a new requirement, namely the rule of law conditionality.3 Its clarity and objectivity, however, are still being widely discussed. Additionally, cohesion policy conditionalities have always contained an obligation for the proper functioning of the institutions – including the courts. Nonetheless, the European Commission has not previously examined the performance of the courts in relation to proceeding irregularity and recovery disputes. The presented Hungarian case study not only explains the particular challenges that call for revisiting the appeal system in Hungary; it warns of the general difficulties Member States may face when embedding the irregularity and recovery management functions into their national legislation, whereas the paper also gives notice to the long-awaited analysis of the root problems invoking irregularities.
The Impact of Fiscal Rules on the Financial Management of Higher Self-Governing Units in the Slovak Republic
Authors: Šagát Vladimír , Plaček Michal , Kolman Petr
Published: June 2019

This article deals with the analysis of the impact of fiscal rules on financial management within the higher self-governing units of the Slovak Republic. For this analysis, unique data from 2002 – 2016 has been used. The quantitative analysis is complemented by a questionnaire survey and a structured interview of respondents who are responsible for controlling the financial management of higher territorial units. This analysis has shown the positive effect of fiscal rules on regional economics, but also revealed shortcomings that prevent the full use of fiscal rules in Slovakia. Th is is primarily due to incomplete and formal implementation, the interests of local elites, and a lack of coordination of activities with the central government.
Autonomy, Collaboration and Competition: The Impact of Education Management Reforms which Aim to Increase School Autonomy on Relations between Schools
Authors: Urbanovič Jolanta , Navickaitė Jolanta , Dačiulytė Rūta
Published: June 2019

In recent decades, the neoliberal education policy has been implemented in many countries, by reducing the state’s role in education management. Lithuania is one of the countries which after the restoration of Independence in 1991 and collapse of the Soviet Union has decentralized its education management system by giving more autonomy to schools and local authorities. Education-management reforms, which have already been implemented or are currently being implemented in response to social, economic and political changes in the country, have an impact on relationships between schools. Purpose: This article reports the findings of a study which reviewed education management reforms aimed at increasing school autonomy and their impact on inter-school collaboration and competition. Research Method: This study employs a qualitative research design with semi-structured interviews. Twenty-four elementary and secondary school principals from different regions of Lithuania were interviewed. Findings: The results reveal that a significant influence on relations between schools comes from government decisions which relate to school autonomy, school choice, allocation of funds, school ranking, and the like. Implications: This study generates discussions on the impact of the education management reforms which aim to enhance school autonomy on inter-school relationships. In order to answer that question, a theoretical model of research was developed, including the theoretical basis of school autonomy, collaboration and competition, as well as the characteristics of Lithuanian education governance.
Effectiveness Measurement Using DEA & BSC Methods in Public Health Services
Authors: Vitezić Neda , Cankar Stanka Setnikar , Linšak Željko
Published: June 2019

It is well-known that health-care systems all over the world try to improve efficiency and effectiveness due to high pressure to pursue rational performance. Many of the health-care reforms in different countries are conducted with the objectives to rationalise costs, to make health services more available, and to increase, or at least not to reduce, the quality of health services. Adequate efficient metrics used in assessing health-care services are critical for the quality of decision-making. The subject of this research is efficiency measurement in the institutes of public health in Croatia oriented to preventive activities, i.e. monitoring, analysis, and evaluation of the health of the population. Diversity of the programmes and temporal variability are the characteristics of public health services, and it is therefore harder to measure the effects in the long run. This research aims to analyse and propose a new approach to the measurement system using two methods: the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and the Balanced Score Card (BSC), combined into the DEABSC integrative model, which can be an efficient method for the decision-making process. The starting point of this research is the analysis of the measurement system in public-health services in Croatia. The results confirm a weak and inadequate efficiency measurement system and very low effectiveness measurement. To enhance the efficiency measurement, we have developed the conceptual integrative DEABSC model which has been tested at the Teaching Institute of Public Health – the Department of Health Ecology. Using DEA for 2017, we have identified relatively efficient units that helped establish future goals set in the BSC strategic map. The combination of DEA and BSC allows identifying options for improving the effectiveness of public-health service programmes. The study confirms that it is possible to determine the relative efficiency of different DMUs within the Department of Health Ecology and use best practice for each perspective in the BSC Cause & Effect conceptual model. This paper also provides recommendations for an easier establishment of performance measurement in order to achieve the mission of public health institutions, but also indicates some limitations in the application of the methods.
A simple multi-feature based stereoscopic medical image retrieval system
Authors: Abubacker K.A. Shaheer , Sutha J. , Hameed K.A. Shahul
Published: June 2019

This paper describes a method of retrieving stereoscopic medical images from the database that consists of feature extraction, similarity measure, and re-ranking of retrieved images. This method retrieves similar images of the query image from the database and re-ranks them according to the disparity map. The performance is evaluated using the metrics namely average retrieval precision (APR) and average retrieval rate (ARR). According to the performance outcomes, the multi-feature based image retrieval using Mahalanobis distance measure has produced better result compared to other distance measures namely Euclidean, Minkowski, the sum of absolute difference (SAD) and the sum of squared absolute difference (SSAD). Therefore, the stereo image retrieval systems presented has high potential in biomedical image storage and retrieval systems.
Postural Control in Female Rhythmic Gymnasts in Selected Balance Exercises: A Study of Two Cases
Authors: Sobera Małgorzata , Rutkowska-Kucharska Alicja
Published: June 2019

Introduction.
The aim of the study was to determine the differences in the quality of postural control between two female rhythmic gymnasts with different training experience during the performance of balance exercises. In rhythmic gymnastics, the same balance exercises are performed by novice and elite gymnasts. Balance exercises involving standing on the toes of one leg with the free leg raised in different positions are considered to be extreme forms of exercise in terms of the postural balance abilities required. In coaching practice, it is important to have tools which facilitate the objective assessment of the process of maintaining balance in such exercises.

Material and methods.
The study involved two female rhythmic gymnasts: a younger one (age = 8 years and training experience = 4 years) and an older one (age = 21 years and training experience = 14 years). The athletes performed three balance exercises standing on a Kistler platform: the split with hand support (lateral balance), the ring with hand support, and the back split without hand support (balance on the whole foot). The parameters describing the quality of postural control used in the current analysis were the range and velocity of COP displacements in the anterior-posterior and medial-lateral directions.

Results
. Postural control in the balance exercises in the younger rhythmic gymnast was characterised by almost two times greater COP displacements in the anterior-posterior direction and more rapid than that of the older gymnast. COP displacements in the medial-lateral direction in all the exercises described did not differentiate the subjects. In the back split without hand support, the older athlete showed greater variability of postural control with smaller COP displacement and velocity than the younger gymnast.

Conclusion.
Gymnastics training should include exercises strengthening the muscles acting on the ankle and hip joints, which could improve the stability of these joints during the performance of difficult balance exercises. Improving the stabilising function of these muscles helps to minimise anterior-posterior movements in these joints.
Bone Mineral Status of Young Men With Different Levels of Physical Activity
Authors: Długołęcka Barbara , Jówko Ewa , Czeczelewski Jan , Cieśliński Igor , Klusiewicz Andrzej
Published: June 2019

Introduction.
The study sought to assess bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) in men with different levels of physical activity during the period of reaching peak bone mass

Material and methods
. The research included wrestlers (n = 31) and students of the University of Physical Education (n = 88) aged 18-24. The state of the bone tissue was assessed with the use of the bone densitometry (DEXA) method (lumbar spine L2-L4). Data concerning the physical activity levels and nutritional behaviours of the study participants were gathered in a diagnostic survey carried out using a specially prepared questionnaire.

Results.
The analysis of the results revealed that as there were no statistically significant differences in nutritional behaviours between men from particular groups, physical activity proved to be the factor which significantly differentiated the groups under investigation in terms of their bone mass. The highest mean values of the bone parameters analysed were achieved by the wrestlers, who demonstrated a high level of physical activity.
Comparative Analysis of the Use of Moderate-Altitude Training by Top Russian and Chinese Athletes
Authors: Myakinchenko Evgeny , Binghong Gao , Shestakov Mikhail
Published: June 2019

Introduction.
The aim of our work was to study the effect of natural hypoxia applied by elite athletes in the course of common training. Data analysed in this paper were collected during joint Russian-Chinese research on the training of elite athletes, who were members of the Russian national team (8 male biathletes, B-team) and 2016 Chinese Olympic team (12 female rowers, R-team).

Material and methods.
The study was held in the preparatory period, which lasted 4-5 months. The preparatory period in each team was divided into two stages. In the R-team, in the first stage, a training camp was organised at sea level (SL) (200 m, 57 days), and in the second stage, an altitude camp (AC) was held at 2,280 m (40 days). In the B-team, in the first stage, two training camps were held: the first one at 1,100 m (AC, June-July, 19 days) and the second one, a sea level camp (SLC), at 140 m (July-August, 31 days). Thus, the second control test was preceded by 31-day-long training at SL. In the second stage (September-October), three training camps were held: the first one at 1,100 m (AC, 19 days), the second one at 150 m (SLC, 13 days), and the third one at 1,100-2,800 m (AC, 11 days). Both teams underwent three control tests: prior to the first training stage, at the end of the first training stage, and 6-8 days after the end of the second training stage. All control tests were performed at SL.

Results.
Monitoring of elite athletes’ training in the preparatory period showed positive changes in physical preparedness in both groups. However, we found that those positive changes might not be related to an additional effect of natural hypoxia.

Conclusion.
Our study has shown that rational and well-balanced planning according to training goals is the key factor in improving general and specific athletic preparedness.