bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Analysis of Zachary’s Modification of Jones Tendon Transfer in Isolated High Radial Nerve Palsy
Authors: Agrawal Neeraj Kant , Gupta Mahendra Kumar
Published: May 2021

Introduction: The radial nerve is the most frequently injured nerve caused by fractures of the humeral shaft. It results in loss of hand function which can considerably impair the person’s ability to perform normal activities of daily living as well as professional competence. Primary nerve repair provides best results but is often not possible because of badly traumatised nerve or late presentation. In such cases, tendon transfers are considered best to restore lost functions. Among the various transfers described for radial nerve palsy, Jones tendon transfer was popular and often practiced but the procedure had a major shortcoming of using both the wrist flexors. The Zachary’s modification is postulated as more advantageous as it preserves one wrist flexor. Aim: The study is intended to critically analyse modified Jones tendon transfer and discuss its implications with other standard methods of tendon transfer. The results of the study were evaluated extensively with emphasis on surgical details and finer technical skills. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective cohort study carried out in the Department of Plastic Surgery in eastern Uttar Pradesh, the clinical records from January 2017-December 2019, were studied to isolate the patients with high radial nerve palsy. A total of 26 patients were found to fulfil the inclusion criteria and their records were comprehensively analysed. Modified Jones tendon transfer was used. Postoperative results were evaluated using Bincaz score. Results: Amongst the data of total 26 patients studied 80.77% patient’s, radial nerve was injured due to fracture of the humerus.With metacarpophalangeal joints extended, wrist extension was 48.6°±9.64°, the minimum being 20°. Wrist flexion was 54.8°±10.25°. The position of metacarpophalangeal joints was vital to get rid of the tenodesis effect. Neutral position of the metacarpophalangeal joints has been defined at 0° without hyperextension. The study demonstrated deficit of 18°±6.78° short of the neutral position. Thumb extension and subsequent opening of first web space was more limited and we obtained 37.6°±7.51° with incomplete thumb extension in four patients. Abduction of the thumb at carpometacarpal joint and interphalangeal joint extension returned to normal range. Seventeen patients rated the results as excellent using postoperative evaluation by Bincaz score. Conclusion: Flexor Carpi Ulnaris (FCU) based tendon transfers returned encouraging results in high radial nerve palsy. Technical superiority in performing modified Jones tendon transfer was essential to obtain good results in patients with isolated high radial nerve palsy.
BPS: Blockchain Based Decentralized Secure and Versatile Light Payment System
Authors: Ahamed Shahed , Siddika Moontaha , Islam Saiful , Anika SadiaSaima , Anjum Anika , Biswas Milon
Published: May 2021

In the presentage, online paymentsystem is a very simple practice.But manypeople use this system to manipulate people’s money. Many are trying for finding a variety of solutions. Butthereis no way to stopthatcrime.Blockchain’syoke is a blessing.Usingblockchainisaveryeasywaytocompletea paymentwithoutmakingany mistakes.Hackerwill never find a way to do theirworkin this kindof system. OurSystem is full workedwith Blockchain.Basically, we choose blockchainas our projectbecauseit is the most secureway to do a transaction in everyonlinesystem.Thecentralbusinessmodelis basedon a database management system. Once accomplishedthe security of the transaction can no longer be guaranteed. On the otherhand, itis really expensivetoresolvepossiblefraudtransactionsby a middle man.Aiming at solving issues concerningsecurityand worthlessness,there is a proposalof a model which is completely madeofblockchainsystem.InOursystemtherearemany blocksof information of eachandeverytransaction. Wehave proposedan algorithm.The algorithm will make consumersable to transact through cryptocurrency in blockchainnetworks.It is totally different from the fiat system where consumers will be able to transact without the help of thirdpartiesand vendors can also be relievedwith theirtransaction. Thistypeof transaction will be very comfortablefor both consumersand vendors. Consumers along with vendorscan see the whole transaction date, time and everythingthatthey dealtwith when the transaction was held.
Evaluation of Liquid Organic Manures on Growth, Yield and Quality in Oriental Pickling Melon under Organic Farming in Kerala
Authors: Ala Vemaraju , Usha K. E. , Venkataramanaiah P.
Published: May 2021

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the liquid formulations for production of organic oriental pickling melon (Cucumis melo var. conomon L.) was carried out at College of Horticulture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur during 2013- 2014. Among the liquid formulations, weekly foliar application of Jeevamrutham (100%) and Panchagavyam (3 %) recorded the highest growth and yield attributes such as germination percentage (81.67 % and 85 %) length of vine (110.83 and 110.00 cm), number of leaves (37.00 and 36.00), dry matter production (96.40 and 87.00 g/plant), number of fruits per plant (3.83 and 3.73), volume of the fruits (770 and 751.66 cm3), weight of fruits (2.5 and 2.43 kg/plant), and yield (30.33 and 29.50 t/ha). While, lowest growth and yield attributes recorded in POP (POP recommendations of KAU) and Cow urine. Among the liquid formulations, the NPK content was more in the liquid extract of composite organic manures and fish amino acid. The highest fungal and bacterial count was recorded in Panchagavyam treated plots. Jeevamrutham treatment reported the highest B: C ratio of 2.09 followed by Green leaf extracts (2.02).
Presence of Antibiotic-Resistant Pathogens in School Cafeteria’s Fast Foods in Dhaka City, Bangladesh: A Growing Concern
Authors: Reza Sompa , Ismail Ila , Alim Sharmin Rumi
Published: May 2021

Burden, due to foodborne diseases, particularly Salmonella infection, is high in developing countries like Bangladesh. This research aimed at the molecular characterization of Salmonella spp., isolated from selected school canteen’s fast foods in Dhaka city, Bangladesh, and to evaluate the antibiotic resistance patterns of isolated foodborne pathogens. The school cafeterias were selected by the convenience sampling method. The samples were collected aseptically, and serial dilutions were made. The bacterial colonies were isolated by spread plate technique using appropriate media, and bacterial identification was carried out using gram staining and biochemical tests such as MIU, KIA, Oxidase, and Catalase test. The strain of Salmonella spp. was confirmed by molecular characterization employing the 16S rRNA gene sequencing method. The susceptibility of the isolates to various antibiotics was observed by modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Most of the samples were found to contain an unacceptable level of a total aerobic count, which ranged from 5.6×105 to 6.1×107 and 3.4×104 to 7.2×107 for burger and sandwich samples, respectively. Significant isolates from the pathogenic strains were Salmonella spp., Shigella, Klebsiella, Proteus, E. coli, Vibrio spp., Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., and others. The further molecular characterization of isolated Salmonella spp. suggests the similarity with Salmonella enterica serovar Rissen SeqrSC0091. Most isolates were resistant against Ampicillin (100%), Azithromycin (60.87%), Tetracycline (39.43%), Colistin (32.61%), while were highly sensitive to Gentamycin and Chloramphenicol. The presence of multidrug-resistant foodborne pathogens at this high level in the school cafeteria’s fast foods signifies an increased risk for the children’s health.
An Aggressive Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Tumor: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Singar Sheetal , Parihar Ajay Pratap Singh , Reddy Prashanthi , Saxena Ashish , Jain Arvind
Published: May 2021

Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor is an epithelial origin locally aggressive benign odontogenic tumor. It is an extremely rare neoplasm comprise of <1 % of all odontogenic tumors. It manifests clinically as asymptomatic, slow-growing, and locally aggressive lesion which causes expansion of the affected bone. About 400 cases of CEOT (calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor) are reported in the literature. This article reported a case 18 years old female with a locally aggressive calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor involving the mandible, without much disfigurement of the face.

Aim: The aim of this article to put a drop of water in the ocean of literature. Report a case with aggressive nature.
A Note on the Structural Assessment of Perforated Panels used in Façade
Authors: Naqash Muhammad Tayyab
Published: May 2021

Different materials such as glass and composite cladding panels are common in the façade industry due to their architectural appearance. The direct sun rays enter the building and might produce discomfort to the occupants, especially in office and institutional buildings. Nowadays, perforated panels are widely used in facades and becoming more popular in the middle east. These panels are a formal exploration inspired by the Islamic patterns used in traditional Mashrabiya. This paper provides an overview of the application of Mashrabiya "perforated panels" and present structural assessment using software codes such as Robot and SAP2000 for vertical and horizontal installed cases. These panels are fabricated in different sizes with different thicknesses depends on their applications and uses. In this paper, rectangular, square fixed at the roof and vertically fixed panels are assessed. These are usually supported by steel or aluminium tubes designed for a wind load specified by project specifications. The cases presented here for the perforated panels arechecked for the induced stresses and deflections obtained from the numerical model using shell elements. The adopted framing systems and fixing detailing has been found satisfactory according to different acceptance criterion. The paper gives helpful design tools for the façade engineers.
Occupational Health and Safety Management System and Organizational Performance in Selected Industries in Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: Okeke U. K. , Nwaichi E. O. , Ugbebor J. N.
Published: May 2021

The study adopted qualitative research design to examine Occupational Health and Safety Management System (OHSMS) implementation and organizational performance of Food/ Beverage and Building/Construction industries in Cross River State, Nigeria. Three companies from each category and 25 workers from each company totaling 150 research subjects were selected for the study. Three research questions and three null hypotheses were formulated to guide the study, while the internationally accepted OHSAS 18001 and ISO 45001 checklists, directed the preparation of a validated questionnaire which was used for data collection. Mean, standard deviation and Analysis of Variance were used for data analysis. Results showed significantly high and positive influence of OHSMS implementation on the performance of Food/ Beverage and Building/Construction industries in Cross River State. This stresses the strategic importance/need of OHSMS as a yard stick for organization and operation of every industry.  Comparatively however, a more significant influence of OHSMS implementation was recorded in Food/Beverage, indicating a difference in implementation level. Furthermore, each of all the OHSMS elements significantly influenced study industries, except for auditing, indicating that all the essential elements of OHSMS are important at every point of OHSMS implementation. However, more attention should be paid to auditing, in order to achieve a more reliable and successful implementation. In addition, OHSMS, with a consideration for local environment, was highly recommended for its application in all study industries, to bring about optimal performance in the areas of management influence and employee participation.
Prevalence of First Diagnosed Atrial Fibrillation in Patients Admitted with Acute Coronary Syndrome and with Impaired Renal Function with and without Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Rathi Nandlal , Balouch Muhammad Zaman , Kazi Shazia , Ahmed Salman , Mueed Abdul , Shaikh Abdul Ghani
Published: May 2021

Objective: To determine the prevalence of first diagnosed atrial fibrillation in patients admitted with acute coronary syndrome and with impaired renal function with and without diabetes mellitus.

Methodology: A total of 434 patients were selected from two different hospitals, 361 from NICVD, Tando Muhammad Khan and 73 from Isra University Hospital, Hyderabad. Both males and females, aged between 18 years to 70 years, first ever presented & admitted with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and renal impairment were included and whereas, patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) other than first diagnosed, previous history of myocardial infarction/coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), known case of chronic kidney disease/on dialysis, history of cerebrovascular accident (CVA), patient with valvular heart disease, and pregnant women were excluded from this study. Baseline and clinical data was collected to determine the association with the prevalence of first diagnosed AF through chi-square test and a p value of <0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Results: The mean age ± SD was 49.32±12.47 years. Among them majority were males 66.35% and rural residents 51.15% respectively. The most common risk factor observed in our study was presence of hypertension (N = 231, 53.22%) and among all ACS patients, most common type of ACS was unstable angina (N = 195, 44.93%). The overall prevalence of first diagnosed atrial fibrillation was 12.44% (N = 54) and the overall prevalence of diabetes mellitus was 39.63% (N = 172). Mean random blood sugar levels in diabetic patients was 203.32±105.60 mg/dL, hypertensive patients with DM (48.14%), and patients with STEMI with DM (12.96%) were significantly associated with increased prevalence of first diagnosed atrial fibrillation, p value <0.05.

Conclusion: Prevalence of first diagnosed AF is comparatively higher in our study because of the underlying renal impairment. Modifiable risk factor like uncontrolled blood sugar levels has significance association with first diagnosed AF.
Status of Nepalese Education Institution on Technical Adaption in COVID-19 Pandemic: An Index Based Analysis
Authors: Devkota Niranjan , Adhikari Benjula , Paudel Udaya Raj , Adhikari DipakBahadur , Parajuli Seeprata , Adhikari Kabita
Published: May 2021

With the rapid technological advancement throughout business sector, education sector has not been untouched by it. Education institutions are in the phase of being digitalized which more have been encouraged post COVID-19 in Nepal as well. This study thus aims to explore readiness of Nepalese education institution on technical adaption. Descriptive study has been conducted where 300 school teachers have been surveyed for this study. The results revealed that almost all the school teachers are ready to adapt digitalized education system given different dimension. It was also found that teachers are highly aware regarding the adoption of technology in schools. Likewise, 49.9% teacher's willingness to adopt digital teaching learning practice has increased after COVID-19. Thus, this study concludes that 90% of teachers are willing to adapt digital technology in educational system of Nepal. Therefore, feasible environment, infrastructure that fits digital teaching pedagogy, digital friendly curriculum are recommended to be set for increasing the effectiveness of teaching practice with digital technologies.
Occupation, work-related stress, and personal characteristics among suicide deaths with occupation-related compensation claims in Korea
Authors: Jang Jungwon , Kim Yangwoo , Song Jaechul , Kim Inah
Published: May 2021

Objectives

This study compared differences in age-standardized suicide mortality rates, personal characteristics (demographics, employment conditions, and details of suicide), and work-related stress by gender and occupation among workers who had committed suicide in Korea.

Methods

Data comprised 413 suicide death claims lodged with the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance (IACI) from 2010 to 2018, which were coded. We calculated age-standardized suicide mortality rates by gender and occupation. The chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, and t-test were conducted to examine gender differences. Frequency and percentage distribution by gender and occupation were calculated using descriptive statistics.

Results

Regardless of gender, age-standardized suicide mortality rate was highest among “Managers.” Women who died by suicide were significantly younger and more likely to be unmarried, live alone, and have fewer years of continuous employment than men. “Managers,” “Professionals and Related Workers,” and “Clerks” experienced similar work-related stresses, including “Difficult work to achieve,” “Fail to achieve allocation workload,” and “Change of job contents or workload.” “Skilled Agricultural, Forestry and Fishery Workers,” “Craft and Related Trades Workers,” and “Equipment, Machine Operating and Assembling Workers” had higher work-related stress related to “Severe disease/injury” or “Causing a serious accident” compared with other workers.

Conclusions

Work-related stress related to suicide deaths differed by gender and occupation. The gender gap of labor market participation in Korea may affect gender differences in terms of demographics and employment conditions among workers who died by suicide. Our study suggests that gender- and occupation-specific strategies and policies to reduce work-related stress can prevent suicide among workers.
Children's under‐informative responding is associated with concealment of a transgression
Authors: Gongola Jennifer , Williams Shanna , Lyon Thomas D.
Published: May 2021

Concealment (i.e., omitting information without saying anything untrue) has received little empirical attention relative to falsification (i.e., false statements). This study examined free recall reports among a sample of 349 maltreated and nonmaltreated children ages four to nine, and found that concealment of a minor transgression was significantly associated with two types of responding: generic under‐informative responding, wherein responses are relevant but imprecise, general, or vague; and specific under‐informative responding, wherein responses selectively omit incriminating details. Under‐informative responding failed to distinguish between children who would ultimately reveal the transgression when asked recognition questions and children who would answer falsely. The results suggest that children's initial recall reports may provide some insight into the likelihood that they are concealing information.
Regulation‐triggered adaptive control of a hyperbolic PDE‐ODE model with boundary interconnections
Authors: Wang Ji , Krstic Miroslav
Published: May 2021

We present a certainty equivalence‐based adaptive boundary control scheme with a regulation‐triggered batch least‐squares identifier, for a heterodirectional transport partial differential equation‐ordinary differential equation (PDE‐ODE) system where the transport speeds of both transport PDEs are unknown. We use a nominal controller which is fed piecewise‐constant parameter estimates from an event‐triggered parameter update law that applies a least‐squares estimator to data “batches” collected over time intervals between the triggers. A parameter update is triggered by an observed growth in the norm of the PDE state. The proposed triggering‐based adaptive control guarantees: (1) the absence of a Zeno phenomenon; (2) parameter estimates are convergent to the true values in finite time (from most initial conditions); (3) exponential regulation of the plant states to zero. The effectiveness of the proposed design is verified by a numerical example.
Fully 3D Printed and Disposable Paper Supercapacitors
Authors: Aeby Xavier , Poulin Alexandre , Siqueira Gilberto , Hausmann Michael K. , Nyström Gustav
Published: May 2021

With the development of the internet‐of‐things for applications such as wearables and packaging, a new class of electronics is emerging, characterized by the sheer number of forecast units and their short service‐life. Projected to reach 27 billion units in 2021, connected devices are generating an exponentially increasing amount of electronic waste (e‐waste). Fueled by the growing e‐waste problem, the field of sustainable electronics is attracting significant interest. Today, standard energy‐storage technologies such as lithium‐ion or alkaline batteries still power most of smart devices. While they provide good performance, the nonrenewable and toxic materials require dedicated collection and recycling processes. Moreover, their standardized form factor and performance specifications limit the designs of smart devices. Here, exclusively disposable materials are used to fully print nontoxic supercapacitors maintaining a high capacitance of 25.6 F g−1 active material at an operating voltage up to 1.2 V. The presented combination of digital material assembly, stable high‐performance operation, and nontoxicity has the potential to open new avenues within sustainable electronics and applications such as environmental sensing, e‐textiles, and healthcare.
Hierarchical Micro/Nanostructured Diamond Gradient Surface for Controlled Water Transport and Fog Collection
Authors: Wang Xingyong , Handschuh‐Wang Stephan , Xu Yang , Xiang Li , Zhou Zhiye , Wang Tao , Tang Yongbing
Published: May 2021

The directed transport of liquids is essential for numerous applications, such as microfluidics, heat transfer, and water harvesting. However, the traditional chemical coatings used for topographical or chemical gradients lack chemical stability and long‐term durability in harsh environments, such as elevated humidity, high temperature, or high pressure. Here, multifunctional robust diamond gradient films with gradually changed multilevel structure and chemical composition are designed and synthesized via a controlled chemical vapor deposition process. The size and abundance of hierarchical micro/nanostructural diamond crystals gradually increase along the film's length by manipulating deposition temperature and gas‐phase concentration, which endows the gradient surface with the ability to direct water droplets from the highly hydrophobic diamond‐rich surface (contact angle 141°) toward the hydrophilic SiC surface (contact angle 13°). This unique property is used to promote water condensation in seawater desalination systems with high humidity; significantly, the fog‐collecting ability is three times higher than that of the hydrophobic film and eight times higher than that of hydrophilic film. More importantly, the water harvesting performance remains even after harsh treatments with corrosive liquids and abrasive sandblasting, indicating potential applicability in microfluidics, desalination, and fog collection.
“Visible” Phase Separation of MAPbI3/δ‐FAPbI3 Films for High‐Performance and Stable Photodetectors
Authors: Shang Meijia , Lian Gang , Lv Song , Zhu Fei , Wang Qilong , Cui Deliang , Zheng Zhaoke , Huang Baibiao
Published: May 2021

Simultaneous achievement of elevated photocurrent by increasing grain size of perovskite films and reduced dark current by introducing passivation phase as well as improved stability is significant and tough challenge for perovskite‐based photodetector devices. Herein, in‐situ formation of “visible” formamidinium lead iodide (δ‐FAPbI3) phase within a high‐quality methylamine lead iodide (MAPbI3) film is reported by a pressure‐induced phase separation strategy. The MAPbI3 single‐crystal grains are adequately grown and parts of them are over 20 µm in lateral dimension. More importantly, the incursion of δ‐FAPbI3 with high resistance behaves like an organic scaffold to passivate the trap state, limit cation diffusion, and increase intrinsic resistance of the MAPbI3 film. Accordingly, the MAPbI3/δ‐FAPbI3 photodetector devices exhibit excellent photoelectrical performance, including high detectivity, responsivity, and on/off ratio due to long carrier lifetime and low defect density. Furthermore, the unsealed MAPbI3/δ‐FAPbI3 film device retains over 94% of its initial photocurrent after 15 days in ambient conditions, exhibiting significantly improved stability. The introduction of “useless” δ‐FAPbI3 phase in high‐quality perovskite films opens up a new way toward improved photoelectrical performance and stability.
Programmable Unlocking Nano‐Matryoshka‐CRISPR Precisely Reverses Immunosuppression to Unleash Cascade Amplified Adaptive Immune Response
Authors: Yang Jin , Li Zhike , Shen Meiling , Wang Yan , Wang Li , Li Jiamiao , Yang Wen , Li Jie , Li Haijun , Wang Xinxin , Wu Qinjie , Gong Changyang
Published: May 2021

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is an attractive option in cancer therapy, but its efficacy is still less than expected due to the transient and incomplete blocking and the low responsiveness. Herein, an unprecedented programmable unlocking nano‐matryoshka‐CRISPR system (PUN) targeting programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) and protein tyrosine phosphatase N2 (PTPN2) is fabricated for permanent and complete and highly responsive immunotherapy. While PUN is inert at normal physiological conditions, enzyme‐abundant tumor microenvironment and preternatural intracellular oxidative stress sequentially trigger programmable unlocking of PUN to realize a nano‐matryoshka‐like release of CRISPR/Cas9. The successful nucleus localization of CRISPR/Cas9 ensures the highly efficient disruption of PD‐L1 and PTPN2 to unleash cascade amplified adaptive immune response via revoking the immune checkpoint effect. PD‐L1 downregulation in tumor cells not only disrupts PD‐1/PD‐L1 interaction to attenuate the immunosurveillance evasion but also spurs potent immune T cell responses to enhance adaptive immunity. Synchronously, inhibition of JAK/STAT pathway is relieved by deleting PTPN2, which promotes tumor susceptibility to CD8+ T cells depending on IFN‐γ, thus further amplifying adaptive immune responses. Combining these advances together, PUN exhibits optimal antitumor efficiency and long‐term immune memory with negligible toxicity, which provides a promising alternative to current ICB therapy.
Local pressure for inhomogeneous fluids
Authors: Dufty James , Wrighton Jeffrey , Luo Kai
Published: May 2021

Definitions for a local pressure in an inhomogeneous fluid are considered for both equilibrium and local equilibrium states. Thermodynamic and mechanical (hydrodynamic) contexts are reconciled. Remaining problems and uncertainties are discussed.
Laboratory testing for ADAMTS13: Utility for TTP diagnosis/exclusion and beyond
Authors: Favaloro Emmanuel J. , Pasalic Leonardo , Henry Brandon , Lippi Giuseppe
Published: May 2021

The metalloproteinase ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13), also known as VWF (von Willebrand factor) protease, may be assessed in a vast array of clinical conditions. Notably, a severe deficiency of ADAMTS13 characterizes TTP (thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura), a rare but potentially fatal disorder associated with thrombosis due to accumulation of prothrombotic ultra‐large VWF multimers. Although prompt identification/exclusion of TTP can be facilitated by rapid ADAMTS13 testing, the most commonly utilized assays are based on ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) and require long turnaround time and have relatively limited throughput. Nevertheless, several rapid ADAMTS13 assays are now available, at least in select geographies. The current mini‐review discusses these issues, as well as the potential utility of ADAMTS13 testing in a range of other conditions, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19).
Validation of National Early Warning Score for predicting 30‐day mortality after rapid response system activation in Japan
Authors: Naito Takaki , Hayashi Kuniyoshi , Hsu Hsiang‐Chin , Aoki Kazuhiro , Nagata Kazuma , Arai Masayasu , Nakada Taka‐aki , Suzaki Shinichiro , Hayashi Yoshiro , Fujitani Shigeki ,   In‐Hospital Emergency Study Group
Published: May 2021

Aim

Although rapid response systems (RRS) are used to prevent adverse events, Japan reportedly has low activation rates and high mortality rates. The National Early Warning Score (NEWS) could provide a solution, but it has not been validated in Japan. We aimed to validate NEWS for Japanese patients.

Methods

This retrospective observational study included data of 2,255 adult patients from 33 facilities registered in the In‐Hospital Emergency Registry in Japan between January 2014 and March 2018. The primary evaluated outcome was mortality rate 30 days after RRS activation. Accuracy of NEWS was analyzed with the correlation coefficient and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Prediction weights of NEWS parameters were then analyzed using multiple logistic regression and a machine learning method, classification and regression trees.

Results

The correlation coefficient of NEWS for 30‐day mortality rate was 0.95 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.88–0.98) and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.668 (95% CI, 0.642–0.693). Sensitivity and specificity values with a cut‐off score of 7 were 89.8% and 45.1%, respectively. Regarding prediction values of each parameter, oxygen saturation showed the highest odds ratio of 1.36 (95% CI, 1.25–1.48), followed by altered mental status 1.23 (95% CI, 1.14–1.32), heart rate 1.21 (95% CI, 1.09–1.34), systolic blood pressure 1.12 (95% CI, 1.04–1.22), and respiratory rate 1.03 (95% CI, 1.05–1.26). Body temperature and oxygen supplementation were not significantly associated. Classification and regression trees showed oxygen saturation as the most heavily weighted parameter, followed by altered mental status and respiratory rate.

Conclusions

National Early Warning Score could stratify 30‐day mortality risk following RRS activation in Japanese patients.
Nocathioamides, Uncovered by a Tunable Metabologenomic Approach, Define a Novel Class of Chimeric Lanthipeptides
Authors: Saad Hamada , Aziz Saefuddin , Gehringer Matthias , Kramer Markus , Straetener Jan , Berscheid Anne , Brötz‐Oesterhelt Heike , Gross Harald
Published: May 2021

The increasing number of available genomes, in combination with advanced genome mining techniques, unveiled a plethora of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) coding for ribosomally synthesized and post‐translationally modified peptides (RiPPs). The products of these BGCs often represent an enormous resource for new and bioactive compounds, but frequently, they cannot be readily isolated and remain cryptic. Here, we describe a tunable metabologenomic approach that recruits a synergism of bioinformatics in tandem with isotope‐ and NMR‐guided platform to identify the product of an orphan RiPP gene cluster in the genomes of Nocardia terpenica IFM 0406 and 0706T. The application of this tactic resulted in the discovery of nocathioamides family as a founder of a new class of chimeric lanthipeptides I.
The Influence of a Changing Local Environment during Photoinduced CO2 Dissociation
Authors: Vyshnepolsky Michael , Ding Zhao‐Bin , Srivastava Prashant , Tesarik Patrik , Mazhar Hussain , Maestri Matteo , Morgenstern Karina
Published: May 2021

Though largely influencing the efficiency of a reaction, the molecular‐scale details of the local environment of the reactants are experimentally inaccessible hindering an in‐depth understanding of a catalyst's reactivity, a prerequisite to maximizing its efficiency. We introduce a method to follow individual molecules and their largely changing environment during a photochemical reaction. The method is illustrated for a rate‐limiting step in a photolytic reaction, the dissociation of CO2 on two catalytically relevant surfaces, Ag(100) and Cu(111). We reveal with a single‐molecule resolution how the reactant's surroundings evolve with progressing laser illumination and with it their propensity for dissociation. Counteracting processes lead to a volcano‐like reactivity. Our unprecedented local view during a photoinduced reaction opens the avenue for understanding the influence of the products on reaction yields on the nanoscale.
Mechanism of the Arene‐Limited Nondirected C−H Activation of Arenes with Palladium**
Authors: Wedi Philipp , Farizyan Mirxan , Bergander Klaus , Mück‐Lichtenfeld Christian , van Gemmeren Manuel
Published: May 2021

Recently palladium catalysts have been discovered that enable the directing‐group‐free C−H activation of arenes without requiring an excess of the arene substrate, thereby enabling methods for the late‐stage modification of complex organic molecules. The key to success has been the use of two complementary ligands, an N‐acyl amino acid and an N‐heterocycle. Detailed experimental and computational mechanistic studies on the dual‐ligand‐enabled C−H activation of arenes have led us to identify the catalytically active species and a transition state model that explains the exceptional activity and selectivity of these catalysts. These findings are expected to be highly useful for further method development using this powerful class of catalysts.
Elastohydrodynamic lubrication analysis of polymer‐on‐polymer artificial hip joint of CF/PEEK composite
Authors: Gu Junfeng , Sun Xiujie , Li Zheng , Ruan Shilun , Shen Changyu
Published: May 2021

At present, the main frictional components of artificial hip joint (AHJ) are mainly the combinations of hard materials (metal, ceramic) and soft materials (polymer), such as, metal‐on‐metal (MoM), ceramic‐on‐ceramic (CoC), metal‐on‐polymer (MoP), and ceramic‐on‐polymer (CoP). As a new type of AHJ, the polymer‐on‐polymer (PoP) combination has gradually begun to be explored and studied. In this paper, PoP AHJ of CF/PEEK composite are studied, and elastohydrodynamic lubrication analysis based on the solution of the Reynolds equation is performed, and the results are compared with the MoM and MoP AHJs. The comparison shows that under the same steady‐state condition, the PoP AHJ has better lubrication performance. The influence of the key structural parameters of the CF/PEEK PoP AHJ is also analyzed in this paper, and the results show that the femoral head size and radial clearance have great influence on the thickness and pressure distribution of the lubricating film. The research results in this paper further confirm the application potential of the PoP AHJ, and are helpful to its practical application and structural design.
Binary polymer blend of ArPTU/PI with advanced comprehensive dielectric properties and ultra‐high thermally stability
Authors: Ahmad Aftab , Tong Hui , Fan Tao , Xu Ju
Published: May 2021

Flexible high‐temperature polymeric dielectrics with advanced dielectric properties are urgently demanded in various applications. In this work, series of polymer blend films were prepared from aromatic polythiourea (ArPTU) and polyimide (PI). The experimental results revealed that the blend films were properly engineered to achieve higher breakdown strength, greater dielectric constant, and larger energy density than pure PI film. For instance, the optimum property was obtained from the blend film with 10 wt% ArPTU, exhibiting prominent dielectric properties (K = 4.52, Eb = 443 MV/m), enhanced energy density (4.00 J/cm3) as well as excellent heat resistance (Tg = 419°C). In addition, stable dielectric properties at broad temperature range from −50 to 250°C were also acquired. It is deduced that the good compatibility from ArPTU and PI with similar polarity are responsible for the improved properties. The superior comprehensive properties which combine the advantages of ArPTU and PI suggest the potential applications of ArPTU/PI blend film in high‐temperature dielectric areas.
Hydrogels containing modified ammonium polyphosphate for fireproof materials
Authors: Chen Qian , Cui Xiao Feng , Zheng Wen Jiang , Zou Wei , Li Yanli , Yan Jie , Yang Hu , Yang Fan , Zhang Hai Bo
Published: May 2021

Hydrogels containing a large amount of water have been widely studied as fireproof materials. However, the organic networks that composed the gel easily burns as water evaporates. In this work, the widely used intumescent flame‐retardant ammonium polyphosphate was modified by carbon–carbon double bonds (abbreviated as MAPP) and introduced in alginate/poly (acrylamide‐co‐stearyl methacrylate) [alginate/P(AAm‐co‐SMA)] hydrogel by free radical polymerization. The resultant MAPP@alginate/P(AAm‐co‐SMA) hydrogels show good mechanical strength of 650 kPa and healing efficiency of 80%. Thermal analysis and thermal protective performance tests indicate that the MAPP particles improve the thermal stability and heat resistance of gel. The fireproof test shows that the MAPP@alginate/P(AAm‐co‐SMA) gel composite shows twice of fire proof time over the pure hydrogels.
Artisanal fishing, dolphins, and interactive pinger: A study from a passive acoustic perspective
Authors: Buscaino Giuseppa , Ceraulo Maria , Alonge Giuseppe , Pace Daniela Silvia , Grammauta Rosario , Maccarrone Vincenzo , Bonanno Angelo , Mazzola Salvatore , Papale Elena
Published: May 2021

Dolphins interact with many types of fishing gear, causing damage to fishing activities and in some cases facing harm and becoming entangled as bycatch.

In this study, the behaviour of bottlenose dolphins during their interaction with set nets, equipped with and without interactive pingers, was investigated. Acoustic monitoring of the nets was conducted for a total of 56 hauls and 814.9 hr of recordings, from the 16 October to 13 November 2015, along the coast of Lampedusa island (Sicilian Channel, Italy, Mediterranean Sea).

The level of interaction between dolphins and the nets was evaluated considering the number of dolphin clicks grouped over time (single acoustic incursion on each net), the duration of every acoustic incursion, and the number of dolphin clicks per incursion. Moreover, the catch rate was measured as the number of fish per hour for each net.

Based on the recording time of dolphin clicks, the spatio‐temporal development of the interaction with the nets located in different bays of the island was assessed.

The duration of the interaction between dolphins and nets significantly increased over the study period, with a concomitant reduction in catch rate. The interactive pinger showed efficacy in protecting the nets from dolphin depredation during the first period of 36 hauls and 11 fishing days (higher catch rates and lower incursion durations), whereas no differences were found in any interaction parameters between pinger and control nets in the second period (20 hauls and six fishing days).

Interactive pingers may be an effective, short‐term (2–3 weeks) tool in deterring depredation by bottlenose dolphins in small‐scale artisanal fisheries. Other mitigation approaches, such as gear modification, lessons learned through outreach, and passive acoustic monitoring of the nets, could improve the management of the interactions between fisheries and bottlenose dolphins.
Global population genetic structure of the sequential hermaphrodite, dusky grouper (Epinephelus marginatus)
Authors: Vaini Jussara Oliveira , Domingues Rodrigo Rodrigues , Ferrette Bruno Lopes da Silva , Hallerman Eric M. , Mota Kenneth Gabriel , Barreiros João Pedro , Hilsdorf Alexandre Wagner Silva
Published: May 2021

The dusky grouperEpinephelus marginatusis a large epinephelid species that occurs in the eastern and south‐western Atlantic and western Indian Oceans. Late maturity, protogynous hermaphroditism, site fidelity, and overfishing have all contributed to its demographic decline.

Connectivity and demography within a broad sampling of dusky grouper populations throughout its distribution were assessed. To do so, genetic variation at 11 polymorphic microsatellite loci and a partial sequence of the mitochondrial control region (mtCR) were evaluated.

Two major mtCR lineages with a sequence divergence of 1.6% were found. The magnitude of genetic differentiation for mtCR among north and south Atlantic and Indian Ocean populations was high, with ΦST = 0.528.

DESTand results of discriminant analysis of principal component revealed significant microsatellite genetic differentiation between all collection areas. Significant pairwiseDESTshowed moderate (0.084) to very great (0.603) differentiation. The effective population size was low for all localities, ranging between 25 (Azores Archipelago) and 311 (Rio Grande do Sul). The overall effective population size was estimated as 299 (confidence interval = 215–412), and there was no evidence of strong or recent bottleneck effects.

Local and regional genetic structuring among dusky grouper populations is the consequence of the species' site fidelity, distribution across multiple oceanographic boundaries, and probably also of sequential hermaphroditism that contributes to the intensity of random genetic drift.

The spatial pattern of genetic structuring of dusky groupers is such that fisheries management and conservation of population genetic integrity will have to be pursued at the local and regional scales.
The effects of in ovo administered bisphenol A on tibial growth plate histology in chicken
Authors: Öznurlu Yasemin , Özaydın Tuğba , Sur Emrah , Özparlak Haluk
Published: May 2021

Objectives

The aim of this study was to determine of the effects of in ovo administered BPA on embryonic development of the tibial growth plate using histological methods in chickens.

Methods

Three hundred and ten fertile eggs of Isa Brown laying parent stock were divided into five groups as untreated control, vehicle‐injected control, 50, 100, and 250 μg/egg BPA. At the 13th, 18th, and 21st days of incubation, eggs were randomly opened from each group until 10 live embryos were obtained. Embryos were weighed and crown‐rump length was measured. Tibial tissue samples were taken from embryos. Tibia weight, relative tibia weight and tibia length were determined. Tissue samples were fixed in 10% buffered formalin solution. Sections were stained with Safranin O staining methods and zones in the growth plate were measured. Also, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was stained immunohistochemically.

Results

The mortality in the BPA treated groups was higher than untreated control group. The results have revealed that mean relative embryo weights, crown‐rump length, mean tibia weight, relative tibia weight, and tibia length of BPA treated groups were significantly lower when compared to the untreated control and vehicle‐injected control groups. Also, proliferative zone get significantly narrowed, whereas the transitional and hypertrophic zone thickened and PCNA positive chondrocytes increased in growth plate of BPA treated groups.

Conclusion

These results have suggested that developmental exposure to BPA adversely affected development of the tibial growth plate.
Why does second trimester demise of a monochorionic twin not result in acardiac twinning?
Authors: van Gemert Martin J. C. , van der Geld Cees W. M. , Ross Michael G. , Nikkels Peter G. J. , van den Wijngaard Jeroen P. H. M.
Published: May 2021

Background

We previously explained why acardiac twinning occurs in the first trimester. We raised the question why a sudden demised monochorionic twin beyond the first trimester does not lead to acardiac twinning. We argued that exsanguinated blood from the live twin would strongly increase the demised twins' vascular resistance, preventing its perfusion and acardiac onset. However, our current hypothesis is that perfusion of the demised twin does occur but that it is insufficient for onset of acardiac twinning.

Methods

We analyzed blood pressures and flows in a vascular resistance model of a monochorionic twin pregnancy where one of the fetuses demised. The resistance model consists of a demised twin with a (former) placenta, a live twin and its placenta, and arterioarterial (AA) and venovenous placental anastomoses. We assumed that only twins with a weight of at least 33% of normal survived the first trimester and that exsanguination of more than 50% of its blood volume is fatal for the live twin.

Results

At 20 weeks, only AA anastomoses with radii ≲1 mm keep the exsanguinated blood volume below 50%. Then, perfusion of the deceased body with arterial blood from the live fetus is about 5–40 times smaller than when that body was alive. Beyond 20 weeks, this factor is even smaller. At 14 weeks, this factor is at most 2.

Conclusion

We hypothesize that this small perfusion flow of arterial blood prevents further growth of the deceased body and hence precludes onset of acardiac twinning.
Environmentally dependent adsorption of 2,4‐dichlorophenol on cellulose‐chitosan self‐assembled composites
Authors: Gomez‐Maldonado Diego , Filpponen Ilari , Johansson Leena‐Sisko , Waters Matthew N. , Vega Erramuspe Iris Beatriz , Peresin Maria S.
Published: May 2021

With the increasing need for bio‐based materials developed by environmentally friendly procedures, this work shows a green method to develop shape‐controlled structures from cellulose dissolving pulp coated by chitosan. This material was then tested to adsorb a common and widespread pollutant, 2,4‐dichlorophenol under different pH conditions (5.5 and 9). Herein it was noticed that the adsorption only occurred in acidic pH (5.5) where electrostatic interaction drove the adsorption, demonstrating the potential to tune the response under desired conditions only. The adsorption was successful in the hydrogel structure with an adsorption capacity of 905 ± 71 mg/g from a solution with 16.6 ppm; furthermore, adsorption was also possible with dried hydrogel structures, presenting a maximum of adsorption of 646 ± 50 mg/g in a similar 16.6 ppm solution. Finally, adsorbent regeneration was successfully tested for both, dry (rewetted) and never‐dried states, showing improved adsorption after regeneration in the case of the never dried hydrogel structures.
Technological tools and strategies for culturing human gut microbiota in engineered in vitro models
Authors: Sardelli Lorenzo , Perottoni Simone , Tunesi Marta , Boeri Lucia , Fusco Federica , Petrini Paola , Albani Diego , Giordano Carmen
Published: May 2021

The gut microbiota directly impacts the pathophysiology of different human body districts. Consequently, microbiota investigation is an hot topic of research and its in vitro culture has gained extreme interest in different fields. However, the high sensitivity of microbiota to external stimuli, such as sampling procedure, and the physicochemical complexity of the gut environment make its in vitro culture a challenging task. New engineered microfluidic gut‐on‐a‐chip devices have the potential to model some important features of the intestinal structure, but they are usually unable to sustain culture of microbiota over an extended period of time. The integration of gut‐on‐a‐chip devices with bioreactors for continuous bacterial culture would lead to fast advances in the study of microbiota‐host crosstalk. In this review, we summarize the main technologies for the continuous culture of microbiota as upstream systems to be coupled with microfluidic devices to study bacteria‐host cells communication. The engineering of integrated microfluidic platforms, capable of sustaining both anaerobic and aerobic cultures, would be the starting point to unveil complex biological phenomena proper of the microbiota‐host crosstalks, paving to way to multiple research and technological applications.