bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Climate Effects on Ergot and Ergot Alkaloids Occurrence in Italian Wheat
Authors: Peloso Mariantonietta , Minkoumba Sonfack Gaetan , Prizio Ilaria , Baraldini Molgora Eleonora , Pedretti Guido , Fedrizzi Giorgio , Caprai Elisabetta
Published: May 2024

In recent years, there has been an intensification of weather variability worldwide as a result of climate change. Some regions have been affected by drought, while others have experienced more intense rainfall. The incidence and severity of mouldy grain and mycotoxin contamination during the growing and harvesting seasons have increased as a result of these weather conditions. Addi-tionally, torrential rains and wet conditions may cause delays in grain drying, leading to mold growth in the field. In July 2023, a wheat field in Lecco (Lombardy, Italy) was affected by torren-tial rains that led to the development of the Claviceps fungi. In the field, dark sclerotia were identi-fied on some ears. Wheat ears, kernels and sclerotia were collected and analyzed by LC-MS/MS at IZSLER, Food Chemical Department, in Bologna. The wheat ears, kernels and sclerotia were ana-lyzed for 12 ergot alkaloids (EAs) according to (EU) Regulation 2023/915 (er-gocornine/ergocorninine; ergocristine/ergocristinine; ergocryptine/ergocryptinine; ergome-trine/ergometrinine; ergosine/ergosinine; ergotamine/ergotaminine), after QuEChERS (Z-Sep/C18) purification. The analyzed sclerotia showed significant differences in total alkaloids content that varies between 0.01-0.5% (w/w), according to the results of 2017 EFSA scientific report. EAs de-tected in sclerotia were up to 4951 mg/kg, in wheat ears up to 33 mg/kg, and in kernels were 1 mg/kg. Additional mycotoxins including ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, fumonisins, T2-HT2 toxins, and aflatoxins were investigated in wheat kernels, after purification with immu-noaffinity columns (IAC). The analysis revealed the presence of deoxynivalenol in wheat kernels at a concentration of 2251 µg/kg. It is expected that climate change will increase the frequency of extreme weather events. In order to mitigate the potential risks associated with mycotox-in-producing fungi and to ensure the protection of human health, it is suggested to implement of-ficial controls in the field.
Estimation and Compensation of the Ionospheric Path Delay Phase in PALSAR-3 and NISAR-L Interferograms
Authors: Wegmüller Urs , Werner Charles L. , Frey Othmar , Magnard Christophe
Published: May 2024

Spatial and temporal variation of the free electron concentration in the ionosphere affects SAR interferograms, in particular at low radar frequencies. In this work the identification, estimation and compensation of ionospheric path delay phases in PALSAR-3 and NISAR-L interferograms is discussed. Both these L-band sensors acquire simultaneously SAR data in a main spectral band and in an additional, spectrally separated, narrower second band to support the mitigation of ionospheric path delays. The methods presented permit separating the dispersive and the non-dispersive phase terms based on the double-difference interferogram between the two available spectral bands and the differential interferogram of the main band. The applicability of the proposed methods is demonstrated using PALSAR-3-like data that was simulated based on PALSAR-2 SM1 mode data.
Larvicidal Activity of Hemp Extracts and Cannabidiol against the Yellow Fever Mosquito Aedes aegypti
Authors: Martínez Rodríguez Erick J. , Phelan P. Larry , Cañas Luis , Acosta Nuris , Rakotondraibe Harinantenaina L. , Piermarini Peter M.
Published: May 2024

To mitigate pyrethroid resistance in mosquito vectors of emerging and re-emerging human pathogens, there is an urgent need to discover insecticides with novel modes of action. Natural alternatives, such as extracts derived from plants, may serve as substitutes for traditional synthetic insecticides if they prove to be sustainable, cost-effective, and safe for non-target organisms. Hemp (Cannabis sativa) is a sustainable plant known to produce various secondary metabolites with insecticidal properties, including terpenoids and flavonoids. The goal of this study was to assess the larvicidal activity of hemp leaf extract on 1st instar mosquito larvae from both pyrethroid-susceptible (PS) and pyrethroid-resistant (PR) strains of Aedes aegypti Another goal was to identify which components of the extracts were responsible for any observed larvicidal activity. We found that methanol extract of hemp leaves induced similar concentration-dependent larvicidal activity against PS (LC50: 4.4 ppm) and PR (LC50: 4.3 ppm) strains within 48 hours. Partitioning of the dried leaf extract between methanol and revealed that full larvicidal activity was restricted to the methanol fraction. Analysis of this fraction by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance showed it to be dominated by cannabidiol (CBD). Larvicidal assays using authentic CBD confirmed this compound was primarily responsible for the toxicity of hemp leaf extract against both strains. We conclude that hemp leaf extracts and CBD have the potential to serve as viable sources for the development of novel mosquito larvicides.
Identifying the Leading Sources of Saturated Fat and Added Sugar in U.S. Adults
Authors: Taylor Christopher A , Madril Peter , Weiss Rick , Thomson Cynthia A , Dunton Genevieve F , Jospe Michelle R , Richardson Kelli M , Bedrick Edward J , Schembre Susan M
Published: May 2024

The 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommends limiting intakes of saturated fat and added sugars (SF/AS) to 88% of the representative sample of U.S. adults. The top sources of SF were cheese, pizza, ice cream, and eggs. The leading sources of AS were soft drinks, tea, fruit drinks, and cakes and pies. This analysis reflects a parsimonious approach to reliably identify foods and beverages that contribute to SF/AS intakes in U.S. adults.
Morphological and Genetic Assessment of Invasive Corbicula Lineages in Southern South America: A Case Study in Argentina
Authors: Hünicken Leandro Andrés , Paolucci Esteban Marcelo , Lavinia Pablo Damian , Sylvester Francisco
Published: May 2024

The broad global distribution of freshwater clams belonging to the genus Corbicula is driven by multiple hermaphroditic lineages. These lineages, characterized by shared morphological traits and phenotypic plasticity, pose challenges to morphological identification. Genetic markers, such as the mitochondrial COI gene, play a crucial role in delineating these lineages and their ranges. Morphotypes represent observed phenotypic variations, while lineages are defined based on genetic markers. Here, we comprehensively review Corbicula's distribution in Argentina, dis-criminate extant lineages based on both morphological and genetic (COI) data, and describe variation in internal and external morphology using 15 Argentine populations. Haplotype net-works identified two mitochondrial lineages: A/R morphotype (FW5 haplotype) and C/S mor-photype (FW17 haplotype). Strikingly, despite having similar vectors, origins, and invasive stages, Corbicula lineages exhibit virtually segregated distributions. However, intermediate morphotypes and both mitochondrial haplotypes are found in sympatry in northeastern Argen-tina, suggesting the presence of hybrids due to maternal genome retention. These findings con-tribute to the clarification of the identity and distribution of Corbicula lineages in Argentina, where the genus has been found for over half a century. Similar studies are needed in other areas to better understand the invasion patterns of a successful and plastic group.
Macular Ischemia Changes in Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema Treated with Aflibercept and Ranibizumab
Authors: Maris Dimitrios , Dastiridou Anna , Kotoula Maria , Karathanou Aikaterini , Tsironi Evangelia E. , Bargiota Alexandra , Androudi Sofia
Published: May 2024

Τhis study aims to assess changes in the fovea avascular zone (FAZ) in treatment naïve patients receiving aflibercept or ranibizumab injections for diabetic macular edema (DME). This is a prospective study recruiting patients with treatment-naïve DME. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) testing, OCT and OCT-angiography (OCTA) imaging were performed at baseline and 1 month after each injection. Injections of either aflibercept or ranibizumab were administered monthly for 6 consecutive months. FAZ in the superficial (SCP) and the deep capillary plexus (DCP) using OCTA was recorded for each visit. Fifty eyes from 50 patients with a mean age of 67.010.7 years were included in the study Twenty-five patients received aflibercept and 25 received ranibizumab. BCVA was 40.810.0 and increased to 52.17.9 ETDRS letters at the last visit (p<0.001). CRT was 295.634.0 at baseline and 247.929.7 at the last study visit (p<0.001). SCP FAZ was 350.679.5μm2 at baseline and 339.071.3μm2 after 6 monthly injections (p=0.132). DCP FAZ was 558.6199.0μm2 at baseline and 459.5156.1μm2 after 6 monthly injections (p<0.001). There was no effect of the choice of ranibizumab or aflibercept on DCP FAZ change (p=0.277). In conclusion, treatment with 6 monthly injections of ranibizumab and aflibercept led to an increase in BCVA and a decrease in CRT and DCP FAZ area. Both drugs led to an improvement in DCP ischemia.
Exploring the Microbial Mosaic: Insights into Composition, Diversity, and Environmental Drivers in the Pearl River Estuary Sediments
Authors: Zvi-Kedem Tal , Lalzar Maya , Sun Jing , Li Jiying , Tchernov Dan , Meron Dalit
Published: May 2024

River estuaries are dynamic and complex ecosystems influenced by various natural processes, including climatic fluctuations and anthropogenic activities. The Pearl River estuary (PRE), one of the largest in China, receives significant land-based pollutants due to its proximity to densely populated areas and urban development. This study aimed to characterize the composition, diversity, and distribution patterns of sediment microbial communities (Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes) and investigated the connection with environmental parameters within the PRE and adjacent shelf. Physicochemical conditions, such as oxygen levels, nitrogen compounds, and carbon content, were analyzed. The study found that the microbial community structure was mainly influenced by site location and core depth, which together explained approximately 67% of the variation in each kingdom. Sites and core depths varied in sediment properties such as organic matter content and redox conditions, leading to distinct microbial groups associated with specific chemical properties of the sediment, notably C/N ratio and NH4+ concentration. Despite these differences, certain dominant taxonomic groups were consistently present across all sites: Gammaproteobacteria in Bacteria; Bathyarchaeia, Nitrososphaeria, and Thermoplasmata in Archaea; and SAR in Eukaryota. The community diversity index was the highest in the bacteria kingdom, while the lowest values were observed at site P03 across the three kingdoms and were significantly different from all other sites. Overall, this study underscores the critical role of microbial communities in shaping biogeochemical processes in estuarine environments and their sensitivity to environmental changes, providing valuable information for managing and preserving the health of estuaries and coastal ecosystems.
Safety and Tolerability of Continuous Inhaled Iloprost Therapy for Severe Pulmonary Hypertension in Neonates and Infants
Authors: Krishnan Amit V , Freniere Victoria , Sahni Rakesh , Vargas Chaves Diana P , Krishnan Sankaran S , Savva Dimitrios , Krishnan Usha S
Published: May 2024

This is a single center retrospective study to assess safety and tolerability of continuous inhaled iloprost use as rescue therapy for refractory pulmonary hypertension (PH) in critically ill neonates and infants. Retrospective chart review was performed on 58 infants and data was collected at baseline, 1, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours of iloprost initiation. Primary outcomes were change in heart rate (HR), fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2), mean airway pressures (MAP), blood pressure (BP) and oxygenation index (OI). Secondary outcomes were need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and death. 51 patients treated for > 6 hours were analyzed in 2 age groups, neonate (≤28 days: n=32) and infant (29-365 days: n=19). FiO2 (p
Oligodendrocyte Progenitors in Glial Scar: A Bet on Remyelination
Authors: Marangon Davide , Castro e Silva Juliana Helena , Cerrato Valentina , Boda Enrica , Lecca Davide
Published: May 2024

Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) represent a subtype of glia giving rise to oligodendrocytes, the myelin forming cells in the central nervous system (CNS). While OPCs are highly proliferating during development, they become relatively quiescent during adulthood, when their fate is strictly influenced by the extracellular context. In traumatic injuries and chronic neurodegenerative conditions including those of autoimmune origin, oligodendrocytes undergo apoptosis, and demyelination starts. Adult OPCs become immediately activated, they migrate at the lesion site and proliferate to replenish the damaged area, but their efficiency is hampered by the presence of a glial scar, a barrier mainly formed by reactive astrocytes, microglia, and the deposition of inhibitory extracellular matrix components. If, on one hand, glial scar limits the lesion spreading, it also blocks tissue regeneration. Therapeutic strategies aimed at reducing astrocyte or microglia activation and shifting them toward a neuroprotective phenotype have been proposed, whereas the role of OPCs has been largely overlooked. In this review, we have considered glial scar from the perspective of OPCs, analysing their behaviour when lesions originate and exploring the potential therapies aimed at sustaining OPCs to efficiently differentiate and promote remyelination.
Shor-Term Forecasting of Photovoltaic Power Using MLPNN, CNN AND kNN
Authors: Iheanetu Kelachukwu , Obileke KeChrist
Published: May 2024

This work focuses on short-term forecasting of PV output power. The multilayer perception (MLP), convolutional neural networks (CNN), and k-nearest neighbour (kNN) neural networks have been used singly or in a hybrid (with other algorithms) to forecast solar PV power or global solar irradiance with good success. Their performances in forecasting PV power have been compared with other algorithms but not with themselves. The study aims to compare performance of a number of neural network algorithms in solar PV energy yield forecasting under different weather conditions. The performance of MLPNN, CNN and kNN are being compared using solar PV (hourly) energy yield data for Grahamstown, Eastern Cape, South Africa. The choice of location is part of the study parameters to provide insight into renewable energy power integration in specific areas in south Africa that may be prone to extreme weather conditions. The kNN algorithm was found to have RMSE value of 4.95% and MAE value of 2.74% at its worst performance, and RMSE value of 1.49% and MAE value of 0.85% at its best performance. It outperformed the others by a good margin and kNN could serve as a fast, easy, and accurate tool to forecast solar PV output power.
Baicalein Attenuates Myocardial Fibrosis via Directly Targeting Phosphoglycerate Mutase 1
Authors: Wu Xunxun , Zang Ranqing , Zhang Changxin , Liu Meiyan , Wei Site , Yang Ni , Wang Siqi , Diao Yong
Published: May 2024

Myocardial fibrosis is a pivotal pathophysiological step of various cardiovascular diseases, which eventually leads to heart failure and death. Cardiac fibroblasts activation and subsequently differentiate into myofibroblasts are pivotal pathophysiological step in myocardial fibrosis. Phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (PGAM1) directly interacts with α-smooth muscle actin (ACTA2) and participate in fibrosis regulation. Allosteric inhibitor of PGAM1 could attenuates fibrosis through break the interaction of PGAM1 and ACTA2. In this study, we aimed to screen and identify novel ligand of PGAM1 in natural product library. Firstly, various natural products were screened via DARTS assay and Carthamus tinctorius L. was identified as a target pool for molecular docking. Then, in silico screening assay identified baicalein as a novel ligand. In addition, baicalein could directly bind to the PGAM1 protein with a KD value of 34.6 μM. Molecular dynamics simulation revealed that baicalin and PGAM1 interactions were stable. These findings indicate that PGAM1 is a direct pharmacological target of baicalein. Immunoblot analysis further demonstrated that baicalin inhibits the activation of fibroblasts in vitro. Finally, the anti-myocardial fibrosis effect of baicalein was verified in vivo. Taken together, our findings suggest that baicalein is a novel PGAM1 templates for developing new therapeutics against myocardial fibrosis.
Privacy on New Media Platforms
Authors: S Prashanth , N.G. Devaiah
Published: May 2024

In the ever-evolving landscape of information and communication technology, the advent of new media platforms has sparked a profound technological shift, reshaping the dynamics of privacy protection and data governance. This article delves into the intricacies of safeguarding privacy and data on these platforms, shedding light on their transformative impact. Specifically, it explores the pervasive issue of fake news dissemination in digital spaces and examines the regulatory frameworks within India, elucidating their role in fostering a secure online environment. Drawing upon Indian laws and governmental mechanisms, the author underscores the imperative of effective internet regulation to safeguard citizen privacy and mitigate the risks associated with unchecked information flow. By analyzing the regulatory landscape, this article elucidates the pivotal role of legislative measures in addressing contemporary challenges and fortifying data protection in the 21st century. Through a comprehensive examination of pertinent legal frameworks and regulatory strategies, this article provides valuable insights into the multifaceted dimensions of privacy protection and data governance in the digital era. It underscores the importance of a proactive approach to internet regulation, emphasizing the critical need for robust mechanisms to uphold individual privacy rights while fostering responsible information dissemination.
Characterization of Aerosols Elementary Composition Emitted by Fires in the North of the Pantanal
Authors: Ramos Lucas Cardoso , Brunelli Thais Costa , Vicentin Flávio César , Curado Leone Francisco Amorim , Lima André Matheus de Souza , Morais Fernando Gonçalves , Palácios Rafael da Silva , Oliveira Nicolas Neves de , Marques João Basso
Published: May 2024

The Pantanal region in the state of Mato Grosso suffers from intensive biomass burning at the dry season. A great volume of anthropogenic emissions affects the ecosystem, damaging the richest fauna and flora internationally recognized. The collect and characterization of natural aerosols is important to accompany the variations in the composition and concentration of these particles, this work determined the total mass concentration of fine inhalable particles, concentration of aerosol compound Black Carbon (BC) and the presence of 25 chemical elements in the samples. Maximum total mass inhalable fine (PM2.5) and BC concentration was, respectively, 83.66 μg m-3 and 4.52 μg m-3, and the median values of both was 36.62 ± 31.69 μg m-3 and 1.83 ± 1.65 μg m-3. The Pb element concentration demonstrated a great maximum value of 25 ng m-3, around twenty-one times bigger than a similar study realized ten years ago in the same area. The results indicate a low correlation between aerosols concentration and environmental parameters, nonetheless, we verify a considerable increase in concentration of PM2.5, BC and chemical elements S, K, Fe, Si and heavy metals compared with previous studies.
Upper Back Distinguishing Work-Related Musculoskeletal Problems among Quay and Rubber Tyred Gantry Crane Operators Working in Deep-Sea Port
Authors: Sa-ngiamsak Teerayut , Thetkathuek Anamai
Published: May 2024

This research aimed to study and compare prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal (MSK) problem and perceived discomfort among port crane operators consisting of quay and rubber tyred gantry (RTG) cranes working in the Laem Chabang Deep-sea Port, Thailand. Direct interviews for a cross-sectional analysis was selected for this unique job with a small amount of sample size. A standardized modified version of the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) was lunched for 26 male participants, consisting of 11 quay and 15 RTG, where a priori power analysis using G*Power suggested the minimum as 24 for the hypothesis test. Socio-demographic characteristics showed no significant difference among them. The NMQ revealed lower back as the highest prevalent body part (76.9%) followed by neck, shoulders and upper back at the same percentage (23.1%) for all port crane group, with up to 96.2% reporting MSK problem over the past 12 months. And Borg scale rating, assessing the perceived discomfort, revealed lower back with the highest score (2.38) followed by upper back (0.65), shoulders (0.54) and neck (0.5). Remarkably, the comparation between the quey and RTG crane operators on the MSK prevalence (χ2 test) and perceived discomfort levels (Kruskal-Wallis test), regarding different 9 body parts, revealed a significant difference between the two on upper back with quay crane having more problem than the RTG at p < 0.05. while the rest of them were mainly in the same direction. MSK contributors such as: working awkward posture, mental stress, height, trolley distance and vibration are considerably the main causes of this. However, the larger in scale of exposure to those for the quey crane compared to the RTG might have led to the distinguishing MSK problem found in this study which require thoroughly deliberation for the particular solutions.
Population Fluctuation of Dendroctonus spp. and Its Relationship with Climatic Variables in Southwestern Chihuahua, Mexico
Authors: Cervantes-Martínez Rosalinda , Cerano-Paredes Julián , Sánchez-Martínez Guillermo , Cambrón-Sandoval Víctor Hugo , Esquivel-Arriaga Gerardo
Published: May 2024

Conifer bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) are major agents of natural disturbance in temperate forests of the northern hemisphere, capable of killing billions of trees in native forests. The dynamics of these insect populations are influenced by climatic variability. To understand such a relationship, it is necessary to monitor the population fluctuation of the species present over time. In this regard, the objective of the present study was to determine the species community of the genus Dendroctonus, the population fluctuation throughout the months of the year, and the effects of relative humidity, temperature, and precipitation on the fluctuation, at three sites of mixed forests in the Municipality of Bocoyna, Chihuahua, in northern Mexico. For insect monitoring, we used Lindgren funnel traps (with 8 funnels each) baited with semiochemicals. Every two weeks, and during 2 years, we collected, identified, and counted the insects. The identification of the species was based on the external morphology and characteristics of the male seminal rod. Temperature and relative humidity were measured using climate data loggers (HOBOs). We found six Dendroctonus species. We also determined the population fluctuation patterns of D. mexicanus Hopkins, D. frontalis Zimmermann, and D. brevicomis LeConte, species with the highest number of captures at each site. Additionally, the relationship between species abundance and climatic variables was determined. The variable that significantly influenced (P<0.05) abundance was temperature. Relative humidity and precipitation variables did not show a significant relationship (P>0.05).
Horticulture Irrigation Systems and Aquaculture Water Usage: A Perspective for the Use of Aquaponics to Generate a Sustainable Water Footprint
Authors: Schoor Mark , Arenas-Salazar Ana Patricia , Parra-Pacheco Benito , García-Trejo Juan Fernando , Torres-Pacheco Irineo , Guevara-González Ramón Gerardo , Rico-García Enrique
Published: May 2024

The expansion of food production is getting more important due to a rising world population, which is relying on food security on a regional and local scale. Intensive food production systems create a negative impact on the regional ecosystem because of agrochemical pollution and nutrient rich water discharges into nearby rivers. Furthermore, these systems are highly depending on regional water resources causing water scarcity and soil erosion due to the overexploitation of natural resources in general. The objective of this article is to review the water usage in the two most water intensive food production systems, agriculture and aquaculture showing lacking areas, like system management and climate change, which must be considered in the implementation of sustainable water footprint. In addition, the review includes an analysis if the combination of both production system into aquaponic food production and the possibilities of water saving. There are a variety of water footprint analyses for crop and aquatic animal production, but there is also a lack of information about the system management including irrigation systems, system cleaning processes, water substitution, pond removal, evaporation due to climate change and especially in aquaculture, the water footprint of industrial elaborated fish feed.
Improved Biocompatibility and Osseointegration of Nanostructured Calcium-Incorporated Titanium Implant Surface Treatment (XPEED®)
Authors: Yang Kyung Ran , Hong Min-Ho
Published: May 2024

Surface treatment of implants facilitates osseointegration, with nanostructured surfaces exhibiting accelerated peri-implant bone regeneration. This study compared bone-to-implant contact (BIC) in implants with hydroxyapatite (HA), sand-blasted and acid-etched (SLA), and SLA with calcium (Ca)-coated (XPEED®) surfaces. Seventy-five disk-shaped grade 4 Ti specimens divided into three groups were prepared, with 16 implants per group tested in New Zealand white rabbits. Surface characterization was performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), digital microscopy, and a contact angle analyzer. Cell viability, proliferation, and adhesion were assessed using MC3T3-E1 cells. Apatite formation was evaluated using modified simulated body fluid (m-SBF) incubation. After 4 weeks of healing, the outcomes reviewed were BIC, bone area (BA), removal torque tests, and histomorphometric evaluation. Microstructure analysis revealed irregular pores across all groups, with the XPEED group exhibiting a nanostructured Ca-coated surface. Surface characterization showed a crystalline CaTiO3 layer on XPEED surfaces, with evenly distributed Ca penetrating the implants. All surfaces provided excellent environments for cell growth. The XPEED and SLA groups showed significantly higher cell density and viability with superior osseointegration than HA (p < 0.05); XPEED exhibited the highest absorbance values. Thus, XPEED surface treatment improved implant performance, biocompatibility, stability, and osseointegration.
EVALUASI TRANSPARANSI DAN AMANAH: TINJAUAN TERHADAP WEBSITE BADAN AMIL ZAKAT NASIONAL (BAZNAS)
Authors: Ansoriyah Faizatul , Widiyarta Agus , Ibrahim Ahmad Zubir , Amal Nora Nailul
Published: May 2024

Transparansi dan amanah menjadi aspek penting yang harus diwujudkan oleh BAZNAS dalam melaksanakan fungsi pengelolaan zakat. Tujuan artikel ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi website Badan Amil Zakat Nasional (BAZNAS) ditinjau dari perspektif transparansi dan amanah. Evaluasi dilakukan untuk menilai sejauhmana website BAZNAS sudah memenuhi indikator-indikator  penting dalam menyediakan informasi kepada Masyarakat. Analisis trasnparansi dilakukan dengan menganalisis ketersediaan informasi termasuk di dalamnya adalah laporan keuangan, program dan juga target penerima zakat. Analisis terhadap amanah dilakukan dengan melihat ketersediaan informasi yang membedakan penyaluran zakat dengan sumber dana lainnya. Hasil evaluasi zakat menunjukkan bahwa  aspek keterbukaan baik dalam informasi keuangan maupun penerima manfaat sudah disediakan, namun perlu untuk meningkatkan detail profil mustahik dan daerah penerima manfaat. Di sisi amanah meskipun sebagian besar website sudah memenuhi indikator amanah, namun perlu memberikan informasi terpisah terkait program yang berasal dari sumber dana zakat dan non zakat.
Fishery, biology and population characteristics of frigate tuna Auxis thazard (Lacepede, 1800) from Indian waters
Authors: P. Abdul Azeez  , E. M. Abdussamad  , K. M. Rajesh  , C. Anulekshmi  , Ajay D. Nakhawa  , S. Surya  , Koya K. Muhammed , Shubhadeep Ghosh  , H. M. Manas  , Prathibha Rohit
Published: May 2024

The frigate tuna, Auxis thazard forms a coastal fishery in India throughout the year. Duringthe period 2015-2020, with an annual average catch of 6,387 t, the resource formed 7.14%of the total tuna catch of the country. Andhra Pradesh (1,131 t) recorded the maximumlandings followed by Karnataka (968 t) and Tamil Nadu (701 t). In West Bengal and Odisha,A. thazard formed more than 60% of the total tunas landed. Mature fishes dominated inJanuary-March. Size at first maturity was 31.9 cm TL. Size (fork length) was in the range22.8-68 cm and the estimated length-weight relationship was log W = 0.000049 + 3.1740log L (n = 832, r2= 0.93) (95% CI). The von Bertalanffy growth equation derived was: Lt = 72.6[1 - e -0.73 (t + 0.063)]. The growth performance index was 3.585 and the length at first capture wasestimated at 33.35 cm. The estimated natural mortality, fishing mortality and total mortalitywere 1.17, 1.21 and 2.38 respectively; the exploitation rate was 0.508. Emax estimated was0.735, which is higher than the present levels, indicating scope for further exploitation. Theprediction analysis for MSY, F/Fmsy and B/Bmsy showed the current exploitation is sustainable,indicating scope for increasing catch with increased effort.
 
Keywords:Fishery biology, Population dynamics, Thompson andBell, VPA
Stock status indicators for Cobia Rachycentron canadum in the Indian EEZ
Authors: U. Ganga  , Shubhadeep Ghosh  , P. Abdul Azeez  , K. M. Rajesh  , A. Margaret Muthu Rathinam  , R. Vinothkumar  , K. G. Mini  , E. M. Abdussamad  , Prathibha Rohit
Published: May 2024

Regional fisheries for cobia (Rachycentron canadum) along the Indian coast was assessedusing length-based stock status indicators. Drift gill nets-cum-hook and line fisheries landedbigger sized cobia as bycatch while multi-day mid-water trawls landed juveniles. Dominantsize groups in the landings along the west coast were 40–160 cm and 60-120 cm on theeast coast. Gear selectivity operating at regional levels because of the multi-gear fisheriesand fishing grounds of the Indian EEZ affects the size distribution of fish caught. Comparedto drift gill net-cum-hooks and line units targeting large pelagics in deeper waters, smallersize groups of cobia dominated as bycatch in trawls. The length at first capture (Lc50) beingsmaller than the estimated length at first maturity of about 60 cm, implementing size-basedoutput controls such as Minimum Legal Size (MLS) is suggested. The indicators for fishingmortality rates (Fmax) on the cobia stocks were on the higher side in certain locations only,but being part of the multi-species bycatch mix, there is little scope to introduce fishinggear regulations solely for cobia. However, the option of short-term, targeted spatiotemporaleffort regulations with fishers’ participation can be explored, based on the stockassessments made at local or regional levels.
 
Keywords:Cobia, Fishery indicators, Length-based indicators,Minimum Legal Size, Rachycentron canadum, Stockstatus
Biology of the Bombayduck Harpadon nehereus (Hamilton, 1822) from the north-eastern Arabian Sea, India
Authors: C. Anulekshmi  , Ajay D. Nakhawa  , P. Abdul Azeez  , K. V. Akhilesh  , S. Bhendekar  , P. A. Khandagle  , S. Ghosh  , P. U. Zacharia  , Prathibha Rohit
Published: May 2024

The Bombayduck Harpadon nehereus (Hamilton, 1822) is a common species and majorcontributor to the fishery in the northern Arabian Sea. The biology of H. nehereus, exploitedby set bagnets (SBN, dol netters) and trawlers from the northern Arabian Sea coast of India(Gujarat and Maharashtra) was investigated during 2014 to 2019. Fishes with a size rangeof 30-408 mm mainly contributed to the fish landing. The sex ratio (male: female) was 1:1.5.Length at maturity (Lm) for females was estimated at 207 mm TL. Mature ovaries containedova of all maturity stages indicating the species to be a continuous spawner. The absolutefecundity ranged from 23,444 to 1,34,432 eggs per fish and relative fecundity ranged from235-430 eggs g-1. The gonadosomatic index and monthly maturity stages suggested thatH. nehereus is a continuous spawner with peaks occurring from February to April. The ‘b’value in the length-weight relationship was 3.31 showing a positive allometric growth. Thediet analysis showed H. nehereus to be a highly carnivorous predator which fed mainly oncrustaceans (Index of Relative Importance, IRI = 82.7%) followed by teleosts (17.3%). Thepresent article discusses the biology of H. nehereus in the north-eastern Arabian Sea.
 
Keywords:Biology, Bombayduck, Fisheries, Harpadon nehereus,Indian Ocean, Trophic level
Comparative study of heat shock and pressure shock for triploidy induction in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Pandey Nityanand , Vishvakarma Bipin Kumar , Raghvendra singh  , Monika Gupta
Published: May 2024

The study was aimed to explore the effective physical treatment for successful triploidyinduction to take the advantage of improving growth in coldwater aquaculture candidatefish, rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Comparison was made between two commonphysical treatments viz.,, heat shock and pressure shock to prevent the extrusion of secondpolar body in newly fertilised eggs. Heat shock was given on the fertilised eggs at threetemperature levels viz., 26, 28 and 30ºC with four exposure timings of 5, 8, 10 and 12 min.Pressure shock was applied at three different levels of pressure i.e 9000, 9500 and 10000 psifor 3 different exposure times of 3, 5 and 7 min. Poidy verification of the treated eggs wasdone by counting the chromosome number in karyotyping. Results of the field operationsreflected 86-90% triploidy induction for pressure shock at9500 psi for exposure time of 5 minwith 72-80% survival from fertilisation to swim-up fry stage and 80% triploidy induction forheat shock at 280C for 10 min with 60-66% survival from fertilisation to fry stage. Appropriatecentigrade temperature minutes (CTM) was calculated as 300-375 min, which is variable atdifferent locations and environmental conditions. Study concluded that pressure shock ismore effective over heat shock for triploidy induction in rainbow trout.
CTM, Heat shock, Karyotyping, Pressure shock,Triploidy induction
Investigations on growth performance of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella (Cuvier and Valenciennes,1844) under forage crops and aquatic macrophyte feeding regimes
Authors: Ahirwal Surendra Kumar , Sarma Kamal , Amitava Dey  , Tarkeshwar Kumar  , Vivekanand Bharti  , Jaspreet singh
Published: May 2024

The objective of the study was to assess the growth, survival, and production performanceof grass carp Ctenopharyngodon Idella (Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1844) under differentfeeding regimes of forage crops and aquatic macrophytes. In the present experiment, 650fingerlings (average length, 11.13±0.29 cm and average weight, 13.89±0.81 g) of grass carpwere stocked separately in two earthen ponds (40 x 25 x 2.0 m). Fishes in pond one (T1)were fed with forage crops, chopped Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) from June toNovember 2017 and chopped Berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum) from January to May 2018.Similarly, fishes in pond 2 (T2) were fed with Azolla (Azolla pinnata) and Lemna (Lemna minor)during the period June to November 2017 and January to May 2018, respectively. Lineartrend analysis for the length of grass carp showed a significant (p<0.05) increase in size inboth treatments (T1 and T2) and r2 was found to be 0.94 and 0.95, while increasing trend ofweight of grass carp showed significantly (p<0.05) high r2 for T1 (0.88) and T2 (0.84). It isobserved that the application of forage (T1) and aquatic macrophytes (T2) had no significant(p>0.05) effect on the water quality parameters of each pond. The overall specific growthrate, average daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio of grass carp were significantly(p<0.05) higher in T1 compared to T2, while the survival rate was significantly (p<0.05) high in T2.
 
Keywords:Earthen pond, Feed conversion ratio, Macrophytes,Specific growth rate, Survival
A comparative analysis of livelihood security among fish and dairy farmers in Tripura, India
Authors: Chandegara Abhay Kumar , Chauhan Jitendra Kumar , Upadhyay A.D. Upadhyay , Biswajit Lahiri  , Pandey Dileep K. , Prasenjit Pal  , Halpati Reena
Published: May 2024

This comparative study in Tripura, conducted during 2021-2022, focuses on the livelihoodsecurity of tribal fish and dairy farming communities. Livelihood security encompassesessential aspects such as income, resources and basic needs like food, health, education,social integration and infrastructure. The study purposively selected West Tripura andKhowai districts based on their fish and milk production values. A sample of 160 farmers(80 fish farmers and 80 dairy farmers) were selected using stratified random sampling.Seven indicators were used to assess the livelihood security, and the Household LivelihoodSecurity Index was calculated based on the mean values of these indicators. The cumulativesquare root method categorised the respondents into low, medium, and high livelihoodsecurity levels. The findings indicated that fish farmers generally scored higher in foodsecurity, economic security, health security, infrastructural security and institutional security.While, dairy farmers had higher levels of educational and social security. Most fisheries anddairy farming had medium to high livelihood security. The study underscores the significanceof fisheries and dairy sectors in improving livelihoods and nutritional security among tribalcommunities in Tripura. Policymakers and stakeholders can use these findings to developtargeted interventions to enhance livelihood security for these communities.
 
Keywords:Dairy farming, Fish farming, Livelihood security,Tripura
Exploring the impact of street play as a powerful pedagogical tool in public health programs
Authors:   York St John University (London Campus), Tiwari Ritika , Bolarinwa Obasanjo Afolabi ,   York St John University (London Campus) and University of Witwatersrand, South Africa
Published: May 2024

This case study reports on the production, performance and evaluation of a public health street play by MSc Public Health students at York St John University (London Campus) in the United Kingdom. The street play was performed on World AIDS Day 2023. This paper focuses on the dynamic and interactive nature of street play as a pedagogical technique that aligns with constructivist principles, fostering meaningful learning experiences. Increased confidence, engagement and programme commitment were observed in students both in in-person and online sessions following the street play. While recognising these strengths, we discuss the need to address challenges, foster collaborations and implement continuous improvement strategies to make street play even more effective as a teaching method in the public health discipline.
Artes escénicas y espacio público: la ciudad como escenario
Authors: Moreno Baca María Carina
Published: May 2024

En un momento en el que se ha puesto en debate cuál es el rol de las artes en el espacio público, analizamos, a partir de tres experiencias escénicas que se desarrollan en un momento específico en pandemia, el vínculo con la ciudad, una ciudad « imaginada» y «apropiada» que se reconfigura como un espacio de encuentro y de acceso a la cultura. Durante 2021, dos temporadas escénicas, Somos libres y Venciendo al diablo, se presentaron en dos parques en diferentes zonas de la ciudad, como son Miraflores y la urbanización Santa Beatriz en el Cercado de Lima. La tercera experiencia involucró diversas intervenciones tomando como punto de partida el río Rímac como gran grieta entre el distrito del Rímac y el Centro Histórico de Lima.
The effect of early supplemental parental nutrition in patients after pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Han In Woong , Han In Woong , Lim Soo Yeun , Lim Soo Yeun , Jeong Hye Jeong , Jeong Hye Jeong , Chae Hochang , Chae Hochang , Yoon So Jeong , Yoon So Jeong , Kim Hongbeom , Kim Hongbeom , Shin Sang Hyun , Shin Sang Hyun , Heo Jin Seok , Heo Jin Seok
Published: May 2024

Background/OBJECTIVES: Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) has multi-potential factors for malnutrition as its surgical boundary covers organs with digestive juices. The utility of supplemental parental nutrition (PN) is controversial for patients underwent PD. This study aimed to investigate clinical effect of using routine supplemental-PN after PD.SUBJECTS/Methods: From 2014 to 2020, 927 patients undergoing PD in Samsung Medical Center were divided into two groups, those who used routine supplemental-PN (n = 161) and those who did not (n = 766) and analyzed retrospectively. The routine supplemental-PN was administered to patients by using PN with oral feeding together, started after immediate postoperative 1–3 days without interruption. A subgroup analysis was performed for patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and sarcopenia.Results Regarding postoperative complications, the supplemental-PN group had significantly higher rates of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) (p < 0.001) and delayed gastric emptying (p = 0.012) than the non-PN group. The supplemental-PN group had similar hospital stay to the non-PN group (p = 0.547). In subgroup analysis for those with DM (n = 252), the supplemental-PN group had significantly higher postoperative major complications (37.5 vs. 20.6%, p = 0.016), especially POPF (27.1 vs. 10.8%, p = 0.006), than the non-PN group. For sarcopenic patients (n = 89), the supplemental-PN group had significantly longer hospital stay than the non-PN group (13.7 days vs. 11.4 days, p = 0.040).Conclusion In terms of postoperative complications, routine use of supplemental-PN after PD is not beneficial for patients. Especially with DM and sarcopenia, its use needs caution.
The Effect of Silymarin and Selenium-yeast Supplementation on Antioxidant Status, Lipid Peroxidation and Metabolic Hormones in Heat-Stressed Barbari Goats
Authors: Maurya Pankaj Kumar , Singh Rakesh Kumar , Chandra Gulab , Ranjan Koushlesh , Roy Debashis , Kumar Prabhakar , Fahim Ahmad , Sejian Veerasamy
Published: May 2024

The primary aim of this study was to explore the effect of silymarin (SM) and selenium-yeast (SY) on antioxidant status, lipid peroxidation and metabolic hormones in Barbari goat during heat stress. Thirty-two Barbari goats (age: 7.2±0.8 months; weight: 10.5±0.9 kg) were randomly divided into four groups as Group I (CON; n=8); Group II (SM600; n=8); Group III (SeY; n=8) and Group IV (SM600+SeY; n=8). Heat stress, oxidative stress, antioxidant status, lipid profile, lipid peroxidation, and metabolic hormones were evaluated. Maximum and minimum ambient temperature (AT), relative humidity (RH), and temperature humidity index (THI) values showed severe heat stress during the experimental period. The mean values of total antioxidant activity (TAA) were found significantly (P<0.05) higher and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) was found significantly (P<0.05) lower in treatment groups as compared to the control group. The mean level of SOD, CAT, and GSHPx was significantly (P<0.05) increased in SM and SY-supplemented group than the control group. Supplementation significantly (P<0.05) influenced the lipid profile in the animals. There was an increased level of HDL cholesterol and a decreased level of total cholesterol and triglycerides in the supplemented group. Plasma cortisol level was found significantly (P<0.05) lower and T3 and T4 levels were higher in the supplemented group as compared to the control group. The results of this study indicated that supplementation of SM and SY reduces oxidative and metabolic stress, and lipid peroxidation and also improves the antioxidant status in heat-stressed Barbari goats.
Soil Moisture Mapping in Indian Tropical Island Ecosystem using C-band SAR Data and Neural Network Models
Authors: Adamala Sirisha , Ayyam Velmurugan , Palanivel Swarnam , Palakuru Mahesh , Thangavel Subramani , Iyyappan Jaisankar , Kumar Nanda Bijaya
Published: May 2024

Soil moisture is one of the critical variables in identifying the stress or health of plants and its accurate information in agricultural land use is of greater importance under the threat of climate change. This study focuses on mapping the spatio-temporal dynamics of soil moisture in the Indian tropical Island ecosystem (Andaman and Nicobar Islands) using the fusion of radar (Sentinel-1A C-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR)) and optical/thermal (Sentinel-2A and Landsat 8) data. Field-based soil moisture measurements using the gravimetric method are monitored for different land uses of the study area. The study was carried out in the South Andaman district (E 92°’ to E 94°’ and latitude N 6°’ to N 14°’). A total of 60 surface soil samples (0–10 cm) were collected from four predominant land uses of the study area for 2020-22 years to represent real-time soil moisture status. Soil moisture index (SMI) is assessed based on thermal remote sensing data as Land Surface Temperature (LST) besides, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from red and infrared bands data, and dielectric constants from soil textural analysis. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based models were developed along with multiple linear regression (MLR) to retrieve the soil moisture accurately using satellite and field-derived input parameters such as backscatter coefficients (σ°: VV & VH), NDVI, SMI, and dielectric constants. The performance of modelled soil moisture is evaluated using different statistical index-based criteria concerning field-based soil moisture measurements (SMCv). It is found that positive correlation among (σ°: VV+VH) and (SMCv: %) for all land uses and high agreements (R2 values) between them for barren and vegetable fields. The vegetation interferes the backscatter signal and misinterprets the soil moisture estimation solely with only SAR data. However, consideration of NDVI and SMI improves the soil moisture estimation in case of vegetation abundance land uses. The comparative results showed that ANN models surpass the MLR models in soil moisture estimation with high R2 (0.67-0.99) and η (62.6-99.9) and low RMSE (0.05-2.19%) and MAE (0.03-1.74%) values without over or under estimations (Rratio ≈ 1) in South Andaman area of Andaman and Nicobar tropical ecosystem. This kind of study helps as baseline information for hydrological modelling and policy makers to plan irrigation systems, accurate management of crop quantity and quality in farms, and schedule critical irrigations accurately.