bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Causal relationship between oral microbiota and epilepsy risk: Evidence from Mendelian randomization analysis in East Asians
Authors: Zhao Chenyang , Chen Fei , Li Qiong , Zhang Wei , Peng Lixiu , Yue Chaoyan
Published: October 2024

Objective

Gut microbiota can traverse into the brain, activate the vagus nerve, and modulate immune responses and inflammatory processes, thereby influencing the onset of epileptic seizures. However, research on oral microbiota and epilepsy remains limited, and observational studies have been inconsistent. We aim to estimate the potential links between oral microbiota and epilepsy and elucidate which specific oral microbes may directly influence the pathogenesis of epilepsy.

Methods

A two‐sample MR analysis was conducted using genome‐wide association study (GWAS) data specific to OM and epilepsy in East Asian individuals. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) independent of confounders served as instrumental variables (IVs) to deduce causality. MR methodologies, including inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR‐Egger, weighted median, and weighed mode methods, were utilized. Sensitivity analysis, including Cochrane's Q test, MR‐Egger intercept test, and leave‐one‐out analysis, was applied to confirm the robustness of results.

Results

Among the 3117 bacterial taxa examined, we observed that 14 OM, like s_Streptococcus_mitis, s_Streptococcus_pneumoniae, and s_Haemophilus, were positively associated with epilepsy, while 7 OM, like g_Fusobacterium and g_Aggregatibacter, were negatively related to epilepsy. The MR‐Egger intercept suggested that no evidence of horizontal pleiotropy was observed (p > 0.05). The leave‐one‐out analysis validated the robustness of the results.

Significance

This study underscores the effect of OM on epilepsy, suggesting potential mechanisms between the OM and epilepsy. Further investigation into the potential role of the OM is needed to enhance our in‐depth understanding of the pathogenesis of epilepsy.

Plain Language Summary

Previous research has demonstrated that the microbiota may influence the onset of epileptic seizures. We applied 3117 oral microbiota from the newest publicly available database of East Asian populations. Mendelian randomization analysis was utilized to estimate the causal relationship between oral microbiota and epilepsy. Our results showed that a causal effect exists between 21 oral microbiota and epilepsy. We provided genetic evidence for risk assessment and early intervention in epilepsy.
Comprehensive evaluation of rockburst risk by multiparameter characteristics based on microseismic signals: A case study
Authors: Li Yong‐yuan , Tian Xin‐yuan , Zhang Xiu‐feng , Hu Shun , Zhang Rupei
Published: October 2024

Nowadays, the seismological monitoring system in China is a valuable tool in the rockburst risk evaluation for deep coal mines. In the past, only parameters, like source location and energy, are widely used to estimate the risk level of rockburst. Sometimes, it is effective; however, some other important physical parameters, such as apparent stress drop, static stress drop, P‐wave velocity, and moment tensor, should also be included in order to improve the accuracy of risk assessment. In this study, these parameters are calculated using mine tremor signals recorded in the LW35001 workface of Liangbaosi Coal Mine. These calculations provide an overall identification of periodical stress distribution and rock mass energy‐releasing type under high concentrated stress. Via linear moment tensor inversion procedure, the source mechanism of mine tremors and stress state of the rock mass is determined whether it is risk or not to underground roadway. This comprehensive analysis provides a specific guidance for rockburst prevention for coal mine management, that is, knowing when and where measures must be taken to decrease the risk level or induce the occurrence of rockburst under control.
Numerical simulation analysis of effect of borehole gas extraction under fluid‐structure interaction
Authors: Wang Lin , Yang Ziyao , Chen Xiangjun , Feng Shuailong
Published: October 2024

To study the effect of coal pressure on gas extraction under fluid‐solid coupling, the effect of gas extraction radius under different pore sizes and treatment methods was simulated by using COMSOL Multiphysics software, the time evolution law of gas pressure on coal surface was obtained, and the numerical simulation results were verified by the observation of flow rate and concentration in experimental mine combined with fluid‐solid interaction. The results show that the distance of extraction radius increases with the increase of borehole diameter, and the relation between extraction time and extraction radius is a power function, but the increase gets smaller and smaller until it becomes zero. For Φ98 mm borehole and Φ120 mm borehole, hydraulic treatment can increase the efficiency of gas extraction by 31.3% and 22.7%, respectively. For hydraulic treatment and conventional treatment, the ratio of gas drainage effect by enlarging hole size is 6.3% and 13.8% respectively. Compared with the areas without gas extraction under the four conditions, the descending speed of gas pressure from fast to slow is Φ120 mm hydraulic flushing treatment, Φ98 mm hydraulic flushing treatment, Φ120 mm conventional treatment, Φ98 mm conventional treatment. Compared with four different conditions, after 180 days of extraction the coal gas pressure decreased by 75.3% within reasonable hole spacing. At the same time, in multi‐hole pumping, the influence area of adjacent borehole is larger than that of single‐hole pumping, and the spacing of borehole should be less than twice the radius of pumping.
Communities of practice as an effective ECB approach for nonevaluation specialists: A case study in an Australian state government department
Authors: Gomez Florent , Argyrous George
Published: October 2024

Among the various evaluation capacity building strategies, there is an important opportunity to enhance the evidence on the effectiveness of communities of practice (CoPs). We argue that evaluation CoPs have great potential to develop evaluative thinking among nonevaluation specialists and build the foundations of a sustainable organizational evaluation culture. This article presents a case study of an evaluation community of practice in an Australian state government agency, with evidence collected over 4 years against a comprehensive evaluation framework. It outlines in detail an empirically tested evaluation‐CoP good practice from the initial design and logic model to implementation and measurement against individual, group, and organizational outcomes.
Epilogue: Looking forward
Authors: López Megan , Wilson Becho Lyssa
Published: October 2024

Inspired by recent advancements in evaluation capacity building (ECB), we developed an issue of New Directions for Evaluation to respond to the call to action made by fellow researchers and practitioners to leverage evaluation to expand upon our understanding of meaningful ECB and share practical lessons learned. The resulting issue brought practitioners and scholars together to reflect on and share their contributions to knowledge around the evaluation of ECB as they pertain to research, theory, methodological approaches, and practical applications. This epilog highlights key themes and practical lessons that can support others in their approaches to ECB evaluation. As this issue aims to continue, and in some cases kick‐start, conversations about the evaluation of ECB, future directions for research and practice are explored. We conclude with a call to action, urging those engaging in ECB to plan to evaluate their important initiatives and share relevant findings to others in the field.
Delivery of dietary messages for type 2 diabetic patients by dental practitioners: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Paterson Kailey , Franks Kay , Wallace Janet , Sharma Dileep
Published: October 2024

Objective

The objective of this scoping review is to identify and understand the available evidence on the delivery of dietary messages to patients with type 2 diabetes in a dental setting. The outcome of a scoping review in this area will inform the development of a clinical intervention for dietary counseling at the chairside.

Introduction

Diabetics are at a higher risk for developing periodontal disease, and the severity of periodontal disease can impact the ability to control glucose levels. Considering the prevalence of diabetes within the community, dental practitioners are well placed to provide dietary messages to support this cohort during the management of periodontal disease.

Inclusion Criteria

Studies that consider the population affected by type 2 diabetes and a dietary intervention in the context of a dental setting will be included.

Methods

The databases selected for sources of studies are MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and SCOPUS. The scoping review will be conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews. Only English language studies are eligible for inclusion in this review. Terms relating to dietary advice, diabetes, dental practitioner and health education will be used to search for related studies. Screening based on abstract, and titles will be followed by full text screening with results supplied in PRISMA‐SCR diagram. A data extraction tool will be used to chart the details of selected studies then presented in a venn diagram and word map along with a narrative synthesis of results.
Uptake, translocation and health risk assessment of nonylphenol in vegetables under reclaimed water irrigation
Authors: Hu Yaqi , Ma Meng , Gao Lihui , Wu Wenyong , Xu Di
Published: October 2024

Nonylphenol (NP) is one of the typical endocrine‐disrupting chemicals (EDCs), which can be harmful at very low concentrations. Municipal sewage and reclaimed water are its two main sources. EDCs can enter into the soil with reclaimed water irrigation and accumulate in plants, causing environmental and human health risks. The occurrence and migration of NP in soil‐crop systems were studied by pot experiments of lettuce and eggplants simulating long‐term irrigation with reclaimed water. The health risks were also evaluated. The experiments set treatments with different initial soil NP concentrations (0.28–6.42 mg/kg) and soil moisture (60%–90% field water capacity [FC]). After harvest, the NP in edible parts of lettuce and eggplants were 35.80–54.30 and 15.45–23.38 μg/kg, respectively. The residual amounts of NP in the soil‐lettuce system and soil‐eggplant system were limited with the residual rates of 0.9%–24.4% and 0.3%–14.5%, respectively. The results showed that the lettuce and eggplant tissues had the highest bioconcentration factors (BCFs) in 75% FC and the translocation factors (TFs) tended to decrease with the initial soil NP contents increased. The noncancer hazard quotients (HQ) for adults and children exposed to NP had the order of 10−5, which showed little health risk for reclaimed water irrigation.
An injectable hydrogel of porcine cholecyst extracellular matrix for accelerated wound healing
Authors: Pratheesh Kanakarajan V. , Nair Reshma S. , Purnima Chandramohanan , Raj Reshmi , Mony Manjula P. , Geetha Chandrika S. , Sobhan Praveen K. , Ramesan Rekha M. , Nair Prabha D. , Thomas Lynda V. , Anilkumar Thapasimuthu Vijayamma
Published: October 2024

Hydrogel formulations of xenogeneic extracellular matrices have been widely used for topical wound care because of their exceptional tunability over other formulations like lyophilized sheets, powders, non‐injectable gels, pastes, and ointments. This is important in the treatment of wounds with irregular shapes and depth. This study identified an injectable hydrogel formulation of porcine cholecyst extracellular matrix (60%) in medical‐grade carboxymethyl cellulose (40%) as vehicle and evaluated its biomaterial properties. Further, an in‐depth evaluation of in vivo wound healing efficacy was conducted in a rat full‐thickness skin excision wound healing model, which revealed that the hydrogel formulation accelerated wound healing process compared to wounds treated with a commercial formulation and untreated wounds. The hydrogel appeared to have promoted a desirable pro‐regenerative tissue reaction predominated by Th2 helper lymphocytes and M2 macrophages as well as an effective collagen remodeling indicative of diminished scarring. In conclusion, the porcine cholecyst extracellular matrix injectable hydrogel formulation appeared to be a promising candidate formulation as an advanced wound care biomaterial for faster healing of skin wounds with minimal scarring.
The Increase in Urban Heat Due to Global Warming Can be Significantly Affected by the Structure of the Land Use and Land Cover
Authors: Janků Zdeněk , Geletič Jan , Lehnert Michal , Dobrovolný Petr
Published: October 2024

Urban populations are increasingly exposed to excessive heat. Heat distribution in the urban environment can be affected by several factors, including the spatial arrangement of land use/land cover (LULC) that is specific to a given city. This study applies a climate model with urban canopy parameterisation to downscale future climate projections and simulate the spatio‐temporal pattern of heat in the urban environment to better understand the effect of LULC structure on its distribution. Heat conditions are characterised by climate indices that are well representative in two mid‐sized Central European cities of Brno and Ostrava (Czech Republic). Our results show that the annual number of hot days (HOT), summer days (SUD), tropical nights (TRN) and warm nights (WAN) will increase significantly (p < 0.01) in the 21st century in both cities. The model also simulates a more intensive increase and a higher spatio‐temporal variability in all indices in Brno compared to Ostrava. In Brno, the annual number of HOT and TRN is projected to be more than 500% of the 1981–2010 reference period's value by the end of the 21st century under the RCP 8.5 scenario. To determine the causes of the differences in heat distribution, we applied LULC configuration metrics and correlation analysis using various geographical factors. The higher risk of urban heat in Brno compared to Ostrava can be attributed to a more homogenised and less fragmented LULC structure and to the more substantial role of altitude in the complex terrain of Brno. Other factors, such as the presence of impervious surfaces and vegetation, have a similar effect on the variability of the studied indices in both cities. Urban planners should consider the role of the LULC structure and the changes that can be made in a city when designing adaptation measures to mitigate the effects of urban heat.
Impact of Preoperative Counseling and Education on Decreasing Anxiety in Patients With Gynecologic Tumors: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Teixeira Milena Roberta , Oliveira Gabriela da Silva , Andrade Carlos Eduardo Mattos Cunha , Schmidt Ronaldo Luis , Teodoro Valiana Alves , Pedrão Priscila Grecca , Baiocchi Glauco , Paiva Carlos Eduardo , dos Reis Ricardo
Published: October 2024

Objective

To evaluate the impact of counseling and preoperative education on reducing anxiety in patients undergoing surgery for gynecologic cancer.

Methods

In this randomized clinical trial, patients with gynecological tumors undergoing surgical treatment between 15 and 60 days preoperatively, were included. The group was randomized to receive preoperative routine orientation plus preoperative counseling and education by nursing (experimental group [EG]) or receive preoperative routine orientation only (control group [CG]). We stratified the groups by surgical approach: open, laparoscopy, and robotic. We excluded patients treated in another service and with the need for an intensive care unit after surgery. We used the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) to evaluate symptoms of anxiety and depression. The severity of symptoms was evaluated using the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS‐Br).

Results

We analyzed 54 women (CG 27, EG 27). No significant differences were observed regarding ESAS scores (total, physical, emotional, well‐being, and anxiety) between preoperative and postoperative evaluation. However, in the EG, comparing the preoperative versus postoperative moments, there was a significant reduction in total, emotional, and anxiety scores of ESAS (p = 0.012; p = 0.003; p = 0.001). No difference in anxiety symptoms by HADS scale was noted between the two groups, comparing preoperative and postoperative moments, CG (40.7% and 22.2%) and EG (37.0% and 25.9%) (p = 0.78; p = 0.75), respectively. Also, in depression symptoms (HADS scale), we found no difference comparing preoperative and postoperative moments (p = 0.34; p > 0.99). When we stratified by surgical approach or time between intervention and surgery ( ≤ 15, > 15 to ≤ 30, and > 30 days), no difference was observed in the anxiety and depression symptoms evaluation, in both groups.

Conclusions

The preoperative education by nurse orientation reduced the total, emotional, and anxiety symptoms of ESAS score between preoperative and postoperative moments. However, by the HADS scale, there was no difference in anxiety and depression symptoms.
Influences of Variability in Attenuation Compensation on the Estimation of Backscatter Coefficient of Median Nerves in Vivo
Authors: Wu Yuanshan , Barrere Victor , Han Aiguo , Chang Eric Y. , Andre Michael , Shah Sameer B.
Published: October 2024

Objective

Peripheral nerves remain a challenging target for medical imaging, given their size, anatomical complexity, and structural heterogeneity. Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) applies a set of techniques to estimate tissue acoustic parameters independent of the imaging platform. Many useful medical and laboratory applications for QUS have been reported, but challenges remain for deployment in vivo, especially for heterogeneous tissues. Several phenomena introduce variability in attenuation estimates, which may influence the estimation of other QUS parameters. For example, estimating the backscatter coefficient (BSC) requires compensation for the attenuation of overlying tissues between the transducer and the underlying tissue of interest. The purpose of this study is to extend prior studies by investigating the efficacy of several analytical methods of estimating attenuation compensation on QUS outcomes in the human median nerve.

Methods

Median nerves were imaged at the volar wrist in vivo and beam‐formed radiofrequency (RF) data were acquired. Six analytical approaches for attenuation compensation were compared: 1–2) attenuation estimated by applying spectral difference method (SDM) and spectral log difference method (SLDM) independently to regions of interest (ROIs) overlying the nerve and to the nerve ROI itself; 3–4) attenuation estimation by applying SDM and SLDM to ROIs overlying the nerve, and transferring these properties to the nerve ROI; and 5–6) methods that apply previously published values of tissue attenuation to the measured thickness of each overlying tissue. Mean between‐subject estimates of BSC‐related outcomes as well as within‐subject variability of these outcomes were compared among the 6 methods.

Results

Compensating for attenuation using SLDM and values from the literature reduced variability in BSC‐based outcomes, compared to SDM. Variability in attenuation coefficients contributes substantially to variability in backscatter measurements.

Conclusion

This work has implications for the application of QUS to in vivo diagnostic assessments in peripheral nerves and possibly other heterogeneous tissues.
Endoscopic and Open Treatment Techniques for Posterior Glottic Stenosis in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Chernov Evan S. , Marrero‐Gonzalez Alejandro , Nguyen Shaun A. , Ghanem Anthony , White David R.
Published: October 2024

Objectives

To evaluate the outcomes of open and endoscopic posterior cricoid split grafting and mucosal flaps for the treatment of pediatric posterior glottic stenosis (PGS).

Data Sources

COCHRANE Library, CINAHL, PubMed, and Scopus databases.

Methods

Studies were grouped by treatment method. Outcomes included decannulation rate, improvement in airway obstruction, remaining vocal symptoms, and subsequent airway procedures. A meta‐analysis of continuous measures and proportions (%) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was conducted.

Results

Nineteen studies with 223 patients were included, with 72 patients having isolated PGS. Twelve studies (n = 23) reported endoscopic repair (group 1), while seven studies (n = 49) reported open techniques (group 2). Most patients in group 1 and group 2 had grade IV PGS (55.9% [26.1%–83.5%] and 56.9% [30.5%–80.8%], respectively). Post‐operatively, 70.8% [43.5%–91.7%] of group 1 patients had tracheostomies with 83.4% [62.1%–95.5%] subsequently being decannulated, whereas 97.3% [89.1%–99.8%] of group 2 patients had tracheostomies post‐operatively with 90.2% [79.2%–96.5%] subsequently being decannulated. Group 1 and group 2 had 87.1% [70.5%–96.3%] and 84.4% [64.9%–95.5%] improvement in airway obstruction, respectively.

Conclusion

There are multiple open and endoscopic surgical options for pediatric PGS. Posterior cricoid split with cartilage graft and mucosal advancement flaps can be performed for high PGS grades. Endoscopic and open techniques are efficacious with high decannulation rates and improvement in airway obstruction, with endoscopic surgeries offering a less invasive approach. Laryngoscope, 135:1000–1007, 2025
Immunocytochemistry assessment of vocal fold regeneration after cell‐based implant in rabbits
Authors: Nicolas Larissa , Mandl Hanna , Schrader Feng , Long Jennifer L.
Published: October 2024

Objective

Cell‐based outer vocal fold replacement (COVR) offers a potential treatment for severe vocal fold scarring or cancer reconstruction. Previous work in rabbits using human adipose‐derived stem cells (ASC) in fibrin suggested that a hybrid structure emerged within 2 months, containing both implanted and host cells. This project uses immunocytochemistry to better define the phenotypic fate of implanted cells and features of the extracellular environment.

Methods

Immunocytochemistry was performed on sections collected from rabbits 2 months after COVR implantation or scar surgery. Cellular targets included human leukocyte antigen (HLA), CD31, and smooth muscle actin (SMA).

Results

HLA was present in all implanted sections and was used to identify human cells. In adjacent sections, HLA‐positive cells were identified expressing CD31. SMA was not identified in the same cells as HLA. These markers were also present in injured vocal folds not receiving COVR. SMA protein content did not differ according to treatment.

Conclusions

Implanted human ASC persist in rabbit vocal folds. Some appear to express CD31, an endothelial marker. Smooth muscle actin, a marker of myofibroblast phenotype, was present in all sections regardless of treatment, and was not identified in hASC. Host cells also infiltrate the structure, producing a hybrid host‐graft vocal fold.
A remark on the product by the hyperplane class in the Chow ring of some complete intersections
Authors: Mboro René
Published: October 2024

By classical calculation, for a smooth hypersurface , the product by the hyperplane class is zero on homologically trivial rational cycles, that is, is 0 for any . This note extends that result to some complete intersections.
Curvature and Weitzenböck formula for spectral triples
Authors: Mesland Bram , Rennie Adam
Published: October 2024

Using the Levi‐Civita connection on the noncommutative differential 1‐forms of a spectral triple , we define the full Riemann curvature tensor, the Ricci curvature tensor and scalar curvature. We give a definition of Dirac spectral triples and derive a general Weitzenböck formula for them. We apply these tools to ‐deformations of compact Riemannian manifolds. We show that the Riemann and Ricci tensors transform naturally under ‐deformation, whereas the connection Laplacian, Clifford representation of the curvature, and the scalar curvature are all invariant under deformation.
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy for the treatment of eating disorders: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Hatoum Amaani H. , Burton Amy L.
Published: October 2024

Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) has demonstrated promise as a treatment for eating disorders (ED). The present study aimed to systematically evaluate the current evidence regarding the use of EMDR therapy in the treatment of EDs, ED symptomatology and body image concerns. Included articles were original studies that described the use of EMDR therapy in the treatment of EDs, published in the English language in a peer‐review journal. The search was conducted using four electronic databases: PsycINFO, MedLine, Embase, and Web of Science. Two independent reviewers conducted screening, selection, risk of bias assessment and data extraction. Of the initial search of 109 potential studies, eight met inclusion criteria, including six case studies, one quasi‐experimental study, and one randomised control trial (RCT). The RCT indicated that including an EMDR component did not have benefits over standard treatment for core ED symptoms, whereas the quasi‐experimental study demonstrated some benefits for inclusion of EMDR as a treatment adjunct for anorexia nervosa patients. Case studies indicated some promising outcomes for patients with various presentations. Despite EMDR being an available treatment for several decades now, there is limited clinical evidence regarding its efficacy in the treatment of EDs. These findings highlight a critical need for more clinical research in this area to ensure clinical practice is guided and supported by evidence‐based outcomes.
Radiation shielding transmission data for modern digital radiography
Authors: Li Xinhua , Marschall Theodore A. , Yang Kai , Liu Bob
Published: October 2024

Background

Radiography is one of the most widely used x‐ray imaging modalities. In National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) Report No. 147, transmission data for radiographic systems were evaluated on those installed before 2000. For x‐ray systems (except intraoral dental) manufactured on or after June 10, 2006, the U.S. required minimum half‐value layer (HVL) was increased; for example, 2.9 (2.3) mm Al at 80 kV, where the value in parenthesis denotes the earlier requirement before the above date.

Purpose

To calculate the transmission of the broad x‐ray beam of modern digital radiography (DR) through shielding materials.

Methods

X‐ray beam HVLs on two DR systems (Agfa DR 600, GE Revolution XR/d) were measured in 10 kV increments between 60 and 120 kV, with a calibrated ionization chamber (Radcal model 10 × 5‐60) and varying thickness of aluminum 1100 plates. Monte Carlo (Geant4) simulation was performed to calculate the transmission of broad x‐ray beams through lead, concrete, gypsum, and steel, with x‐ray HVLs matching those of the DR 600 at two beam filtrations (default, 1 mm Al plus 0.1 mm Cu added filtration). The transmission data were fitted to the Archer equation.

Results

HVLs on two DR systems with default beam filtration were consistent (median difference, 2.1%; maximum difference, 5.5%). An additional beam filtration option (1 mm Al plus 0.1 mm Cu) on the DR 600 substantially increased HVLs by 45.2%–61.2%. Transmission fitting parameters were provided for seven tube voltages (60–120 kV) at two beam filtrations.

Conclusion

This work presents transmission data for modern DR systems, indicating increased x‐ray beam filtration compared to the primary x‐ray beam in NCRP Report No. 147. The updated transmission data can enhance structural shielding evaluations at individual tube voltages or with a workload distribution.
MDMA‐assisted psychotherapy for the treatment of PTSD: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs)
Authors: Shahrour Ghada , Sohail Kainat , Elrais Safa , Khan Muhammad Hamza , Javeid Javeria , Samdani Khubaib , Mansoor Hajra , Hussain Syed Izhar , Sharma Dhruvikumari , Ehsan Muhammad , Nashwan Abdulqadir J.
Published: October 2024

Background

Post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health disorder resulting from exposure to traumatic events, manifesting in various debilitating symptoms. Despite available treatments, many individuals experience inadequate response or significant side effects. Previous reviews suggest promising outcomes with MDMA‐assisted psychotherapy (MDMA‐AT), but limitations prompt the need for a comprehensive evaluation.

Methods

We searched various online databases and registries such as MEDLINE (via PubMed), Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and ClinicalTrials.gov to retrieve RCTs that fit our inclusion criteria. We performed meta‐analyses using Review Manager by applying a random‐effects model. Dichotomous and continuous outcomes were pooled as risk ratios (RR) and standard mean difference (SMD), respectively.

Results

Nine studies with a total of 297 participants with PTSD were included in our meta‐analysis. The control group consisted of inactive doses of MDMA (25–40 mg) or placebo. Our meta‐analysis showed that MDMA‐AT led to a significant reduction in the Clinician‐Administered PTSD Scale for DSM‐5 (CAPS‐5) severity scores as compared to the control group (SMD −1.10, 95% CI: −1.62 to −0.59). More patients in the MDMA‐AT group exhibited significant response (RR 1.59, 95% CI: 1.22, 2.08) and remission (RR 2.32, 95% CI: 1.47 to 3.66) as compared to patients in the control group. There was no significant difference regarding the incidence of ≥1 treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAE), ≥1 severe TEAE, and suicidal ideation between the two groups.

Conclusion

MDMA‐AT demonstrates significant efficacy in improving PTSD symptoms, enhancing both response and remission rates in individuals with chronic, treatment‐resistant PTSD, while maintaining a favorable safety profile.
Decentralized approach for incorporating waste wind turbine blades into 3D printing filaments using mechanical recycling
Authors: Ezhilan J. James , Damodaran Ajith , Ashok K. G.
Published: October 2024

The increasing awareness in environmental safety has led to rapid development in production of electricity using wind energy with wind turbines. The widespread deployment of wind turbines has outpaced the effective recycling of End‐of‐Life wind turbines. This study explores the potential of mechanically recycling decommissioned wind turbine blades (WTB) as reinforcement material in 3D printing processes. Utilizing mechanical grinding, materials were extracted from the waste blades and subsequently analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis to determine optimal processing conditions. The reclaimed materials were then blended with recycled polypropylene through single‐screw extrusion to fabricate tensile test samples via Fused Deposition Modeling. The impact of print orientation on mechanical strength was examined at 0°, 45°, and 90° angles. Morphological analysis was conducted on the fractured specimens to assess the failure characteristics. The findings indicate that samples printed at a 90° orientation exhibited superior mechanical properties, suggesting a viable pathway for incorporating wind turbine waste into sustainable manufacturing cycles.

Highlights

A decentralized‐mechanical recycling technique to the waste WTB.

The necessary material parameters for the operations employed in this study.

Reinforced 3D printable filaments from waste WTB.

Stronger reinforced filaments obtained from proper fiber alignment.
An intelligent CFRP bolt with embedded carbon nanotube eddy current sensors for damage self‐diagnosis of bolted composite joints
Authors: Hou Jun , Bai Shengbao , Zhang Xinlong , Sun Hu , Qing Xinlin
Published: October 2024

Recognizing the critical demand for composite bolts and the damage‐mode complexity of composite bolt joints, this study introduces the concept of an intelligent carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) bolt, which achieves self‐monitoring of damage in small and complex CFRP bolted joints. The proposed eddy current sensor (ECS) is mainly composed of a coil made of carbon nanotube film and encapsulated with epoxy resin film. This achieves homogeneous embedding of the sensor by using the same material for both sensor and bolt. The CFRP bolt is fabricated by molding process, with the proposed ECS embedded in bolt shank. The numerical simulation results indicate that hole‐edge damages impact the distribution of induced current density and eddy current flow in CFRP plates. Additionally, the impedance amplitude of the ECS effectively monitors bearing damage propagation. Shear tests confirm that the integration method of the proposed ECS within the CFRP bolt introduces negligible intrusion to the host bolt's integrity. Experimental results demonstrate that the intelligent CFRP bolt can effectively monitor the damage propagation at the hole edge, with an accuracy for bearing damage exceeding 0.5 mm. At a working frequency of 10 MHz, the sensor's sensitivity in detecting a 0.5 mm bearing damage reaches 4.20%.

Highlights

An intelligent CFRP bolt was fabricated using the molding method.

The embedding of the ECS did not cause adverse effects on the bolt.

The proposed EC sensor is composed of carbon nanotube and epoxy resin adhesive films.

The eddy current distribution at the hole edge of the CFRP bolted joints is analyzed.

The ability of intelligent bolts to monitor hole edge damage is verified by experiments.
Impacts of age and BMI on vancomycin model choice in a Bayesian software: Lessons from a very large multi‐site retrospective study
Authors: Hughes Maria‐Stephanie A. , Lee Tiffany , Faldasz Jonathan D. , Hughes Jasmine H.
Published: October 2024

Background

Model‐informed precision dosing (MIPD) optimizes drug doses based on pharmacokinetic (PK) model predictions, necessitating careful selection of models tailored to patient characteristics. This study evaluates the predictive performance of various vancomycin PK models across diverse age and BMI categories, drawing insights from a large multi‐site database.

Methods

Adults receiving vancomycin intravenous therapy at United States health systems between January 1, 2022, and December 31, 2023, were included. Patient demographics, vancomycin administration records, and therapeutic drug monitoring levels (TDMs) were collected from the InsightRX database. Age and body mass index (BMI)‐based subgroups were formed to assess model performance, with predictions made iteratively. The optimal model for each age‐BMI subgroup was chosen based on predefined criteria: models were filtered for mean percentage error (MPE) ≤ 20% and normalized root mean squared error (RMSE) < 8 mg/L, and then the most accurate among them was selected.

Results

A total of 384,876 treatment courses across 155 US health systems were analyzed, contributing 841,604 TDMs. Eleven models were compared, showing varying accuracy across age‐BMI categories (41%–73%), with higher accuracy observed once TDMs were available for Bayesian estimates of individual PK parameters. Models performed more poorly in younger adults compared to older adults, and the optimal model differed depending on age‐BMI categories and prediction methods. Notably, in the a priori period, the Colin model performed best in adults aged 18–64 years across most BMI categories; the Goti/Tong model performed best in the older, non‐obese adults; and the Hughes model performed best in many of the obese categories.

Conclusion

Our study identifies specific vancomycin PK models that demonstrate superior predictions across age‐BMI categories in MIPD applications. Our findings underscore the importance of tailored model selection for vancomycin management, especially highlighting the need for improved models in younger adult patients. Further research into the clinical implications of model performance is warranted to enhance patient care outcomes.
Hybrid Continuum and Multi‐Particle Simulation of RDX Powder Subjected to Drop Impact
Authors: Yakaboski Otmar , Kumar Ashok V.
Published: October 2024

A variety of energetic material (EM) devices could be designed more efficiently with a more rapid protocol of modeling and testing if computational tools are more predictive. Drop weight impact tester (DWIT) is widely used to experimentally study energetic material response to impact. Drop weight impact on a thin layer of RDX powder is studied here and computationally modeled to compute the likelihood of EM powder ignition from low‐speed impact. The overall objective is to develop a thermomechanical‐based FEM methodology that can qualitatively predict ignition‐likelihood to study iginition mechanics in EM powders and understand how anvil properties and striker impact conditions influence it. The mechanical confinement conditions offered by an anvil and striker type, influence energy transmission and heat localization within the energetic powder. Efficiently modeling both the bulk behavior and the mesoscopic behavior, such as, localized shear and particle‐to‐particle frictional heating, is necessary to design insensitive EM‐devices. A 3D finite element modeling (FEM) approach is described that more accurately models the impact conditions than previously developed 2D models. The results are compared with the experimental results and the 2D simulations. A continuum‐based explicit FEM can only simulate the bulk‐behavior of the powder. To accurately predict hot‐spot ignition mechanisms, meso‐scale multi‐particle models of the EM is needed. For computational efficiency, hybrid models that combines continuum and multi‐particle FEM (MPFEM) were utilized. The computed temperature profiles are compared for two anvil types and demonstrates that an assessment of ignition likelihood is viable with the hybrid methodologies proposed.
On Calabi‐Yau Manifolds at Strong Topological String Coupling
Authors: Hattab Jarod , Palti Eran
Published: October 2024

It was recently shown that integrating out M2 states on Calabi‐Yau manifolds captures non‐perturbative topological string physics in the free energy. In this note, It has been shown that the resulting expression manifests a certain duality symmetry: the free energy at strong string coupling is equal to the Calabi‐Yau period at weak string coupling. The duality yields the appropriate prescription for completing the integrating out in the ultraviolet.
Selection and adaptation to weed management methods: implications for non‐chemical and integrated weed management approaches
Authors: Matzrafi Maor , Blank Lior , Lati Ran Nisim
Published: October 2024

Herbicide‐resistant weeds are a growing global concern, threatening food security. Non‐chemical weed management approaches are becoming increasingly important. Furthermore, the adoption of non‐conventional agricultural practices is on the rise, with regenerative farming practices aimed at rebuilding soil organic matter, restoring biodiversity, and reducing chemical use gaining traction. Consequently, non‐chemical weed management methods are seen as essential solutions. However, excessive reliance on these methods may inadvertently lead to weed selection and adaptation, reducing their effectiveness. Here, we explore the mechanisms driving changes in efficacy due to selectivity and adaptation to non‐chemical weed management practices. Additionally, we discuss potential integrated weed management (IWM) strategies that combine chemical and non‐chemical methods to mitigate the risks of weed adaptation. This study highlights the role of evolutionary processes in shaping weed adaptation to non‐chemical weed management methods and underscores the need to understand these processes to develop IWM approaches that remain effective over time. Monitoring phenological shifts and adaptations in the field should be a key component of decision support systems, tailored to the unique conditions of each site. Furthermore, a deeper understanding of weed adaptation mechanisms can enhance the efficacy of IWM strategies and help delay the inevitable adaptation to these control methods. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Immunogenicity dynamics and covariate effects after satralizumab administration predicted with a hidden Markov model
Authors: Leisegang Rory , Silber Baumann Hanna E. , Lennon‐Chrimes Siân , Ito Hajime , Miya Kazuhiro , Genin Jean‐Christophe , Plan Elodie L.
Published: October 2024

Immunogenicity is the propensity of a therapeutic protein to generate an immune response to itself. While reporting of antidrug antibodies (ADAs) is increasing, model‐based analysis of such data is seldom performed. Model‐based characterization of factors affecting the emergence and dissipation of ADAs may inform drug development and/or improve understanding in clinical practice. This analysis aimed to predict ADA dynamics, including the potential influence of individual covariates, following subcutaneous satralizumab administration. Satralizumab is a humanized IgG2 monoclonal recycling IL‐6 receptor antagonist antibody approved for treating neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). Longitudinal pharmacokinetic (PK) and ADA data from 154 NMOSD patients in two pivotal Phase 3 studies (NCT02028884, NCT02073279) and PK data from one Phase 1 study (SA‐001JP) in 72 healthy volunteers were available for this analysis. An existing population PK model was adapted to derive steady‐state concentration without ADA for each patient. A mixed hidden Markov model (mHMM) was developed whereby three different states were identified: one absorbing Markov state for non‐ADA developer, and two dynamic and inter‐connected Markov states—transient ADA negative and positive. Satralizumab exposure and body mass index impacted transition probabilities and, therefore, the likelihood of developing ADAs. In conclusion, the mHMM model was able to describe the time course of ADA development and identify patterns of ADA development in NMOSD patients following treatment with satralizumab, which may allow for the formulation of strategies to reduce the emergence or limit the impact of ADA in the clinical setting.
Diffusion of Ge Donors in β‐Ga2O3
Authors: Hommedal Ylva K. , Frodason Ymir Kalmann , Vines Lasse , Johansen Klaus Magnus H.
Published: October 2024

Diffusion of Ge donors in β‐Ga2O3 is studied using a combination of secondary‐ion mass spectrometry, diffusion simulations, and first‐principles calculations, and compared to previous studies on Sn diffusion. Ge is implanted into (01)‐oriented samples and annealed at temperatures from 900 to 1050 °C for a total of 8 h. From previous first‐principles calculations, Sn is predicted to diffuse via the formation of a mobile complex with VGa that migrates through a sequence of exchange and rotation jumps. Herein, it is similarly predicted that Ge diffusion is mediated by VGa. However, the microscopic mechanism differs, as Ge can diffuse more easily through exchange combined with complex dissociation, rather than rotational jumps. This is explained by the difference in Ga‐site preference of Ge compared to Sn, and the three‐split mechanism that enables low migration barriers for VGa. The dissociation mechanism leads to a considerably faster transport for Ge as compared to Sn. The experimentally obtained Ge diffusion profiles are successfully fitted using a reaction–diffusion model based on the predicted diffusion mechanism, yielding a migration barrier of 2.5 ± 0.2 eV for the complex. The 2.72 eV obtained from first‐principles calculations is in good agreement with this value.
Community climate commons for collective climate action
Authors: Nässén Nessica , Lilja Maja , Sjöberg Stefan , Colding Johan
Published: October 2024

Mitigating and adapting to climate change is a vital challenge that cannot rely solely on technology or macro policies but need also be tailored to local social and ecological contexts. As theory suggests, institutional designs that increase collective climate action could potentially speed up climate action in society. In this article we explore the concept of ‘community climate commons’ (CCCs) to foster interconnected and holistic approaches involving citizens and civil society in addressing climate change. Based on a systematic literature review, the aim is to further develop the concept of CCCs and to identify key features for the successful establishment of CCCs for the promotion of collective climate action. The results identify four key features for CCCs: (1) democratic organization with transformative leadership, (2) small group sizes with clear boundaries and existing rules‐in‐use for participation, (3) access to organizational structures, meeting places, social capital, collective identity, and social cohesion, and (4) external financial, political, and social support. In conclusion, CCCs have a real potential to foster a wider societal mobilization of collective climate action while simultaneously addressing other issues of concern in local communities.
Modeling Chronic Disease Mortality by Methods From Accelerated Life Testing
Authors: Zamsheva Marina , Kluttig Alexander , Wienke Andreas , Kuss Oliver
Published: October 2024

We propose a parametric model for describing chronic disease mortality from cohort data and illustrate its use for Type 2 diabetes. The model uses ideas from accelerated life testing in reliability theory and conceptualizes the occurrence of a chronic disease as putting the observational unit to an enhanced stress level, which is supposed to shorten its lifetime. It further addresses the issue of semi‐competing risk, that is, the asymmetry of death and diagnosis of disease, where the disease can be diagnosed before death, but not after. With respect to the cohort structure of the data, late entry into the cohort is taken into account and prevalent as well as incident cases inform the analysis. We finally give an extension of the model that allows age at disease diagnosis to be observed not exactly, but only partially within an interval. Model parameters can be straightforwardly estimated by Maximum Likelihood, using the assumption of a Gompertz distribution we show in a small simulation study that this works well. Data of the Cardiovascular Disease, Living and Ageing in Halle (CARLA) study, a population‐based cohort in the city of Halle (Saale) in the eastern part of Germany, are used for illustration.
Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Carvone Oxime Ester and Carvone Oxime Sulfonic Esters
Authors: Yang Hao , Yan Guanxiong , Zeng Guo , Chen Jiayu , Yao Hao , Jiang Hongmei , Gui Qing‐wen , Liu Xiaoying
Published: October 2024

A ZnO‐mediated benzoylation between carvone oxime and acyl is reported, enabling access to diverse carvone oxime ester and carvone oxime sulfonic esters under solvent‐free conditions. The operationally simple procedure provides a novel method for the synthesis of oxime‐ester bonds with excellent chemo selectivity. This strategy provides a mild, direct, and green approach for synthesizing carvone oxime ester in moderate to excellent yields with good substrate tolerance. In addition, carvone oxime was synthesized under solvent‐free conditions.