bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penerapan Metode Pembelajaran “Bagian” (Teileren Method) Dalam Meningkatkan Hafalan Santri Pondok Pesantren Ilmu Al-Qur’an Hidayatul Qur’an Wonosobo
Authors: Diana Faridatul Aulya  , Fatkhurrohman Fatkhurrohman  , Muhammad Saefullah
Published: September 2024

This thesis aims to: 1) Discover the application of the section (tailored method) in memorization learning for students of Hidayatul Qur'an Hidayatul Qur'an Wonosobo Islamic Boarding School.2) To find out the increase in memorization of Al-Qur'an verses for students after using the section method (tailored method) at Hidayatul Qur'an Islamic Boarding School Wonosobo. This type of research is using qualitative Classroom Action Research (PTK). The subjects of this study were caregivers, administrators, and students of Hidayatul Qur'an Hidayatul Qur'an Wonosobo Islamic Boarding School with a total of 7 students data collection techniques in the process of searching and compiling using observation, test, and interview methods. Then, the data analysis technique used is data collection, data reduction, presenting data, and drawing conclusions and verification. The results of the research are: 1) The implementation of the section learning method (tailored method) to improve the memorization of the Qur'an of Hidayatul Qur'an Hidayatul Qur'an Wonosobo Islamic Boarding School students went well, and in accordance with expectations, student memorization increased. 2) Student learning scores with seven students in pre-cycle learning were 68.09, with a good category. They continued with cycle I, and the percentage of student learning increased to 74.33 with a good category. However, the KKM (Minimum Completeness Criteria) is 75. So, in cycle I, a reflection was held where student memorization had not increased optimally because students were not used to using the section method (tailored method). Therefore, it was necessary to hold cycle II learning. In cycle II, students' learning scores increased very rapidly, namely, increasing to 84.23. This is a reflection that students are accustomed to and have implemented learning using the section method (tailored method).
Dampak Bullying terhadap Kesehatan Mental Anak SDN 1 Demak Ijo
Authors: Anis Khoirunnisa  , Putri Zudhah Ferryka  , Nela Rofisian
Published: September 2024

This research aims to (1) determine the factors that cause bullying at SDN 1 Demak Ijo. (2) to determine the impact of bullying on the mental health of children at SDN 1 Demak Ijo. This research is qualitative research. This research was carried out at SDN 1 Demak Ijo. The research was carried out over a period of 3 months starting from April to June 2024. To find data, researchers used observation, interviews and documentation techniques. The data source was obtained from the class 3 homeroom teacher, 1 perpetrator and 1 victim. The results of the research show that: (1) the factors causing bullying at SDN 1 Demak Ijo are lack of empathy, inability to manage emotions, tendency towards group conformity, feelings of inferiority or insecurity, wrong understanding of power and control, negative behavior models, indifference towards impact of behavior and problems in personal life. (2) The impact of bullying behavior on the mental health of children at SDN 1 Demak Ijo, namely anxiety, silence, lack of self-confidence when carrying out school activities, weakness, fear of meeting the perpetrator and becoming gloomy.
Culpadas ou vítimas? Mulheres e a força das normas sociais na conceptualização de violência
Authors: Saliés Tânia Gastão , Da Silva Ana Vitória de Queiroz Valente
Published: September 2024

Apesar dos inúmeros avanços no enfrentamento da violência de gênero contra a mulher, os números indicam que esse fenômeno social mantém crescimento alarmante.  Visando contribuir para o seu entendimento, este artigo investiga a conceptualização de violência por um grupo de mulheres brasileiras que narram no Facebook episódios de violência por elas experienciados. Com o auxílio do AntConc, seleciona postagens em que violência e punição coocorrem e analisa seis delas qualitativamente com base nos modelos teóricos da Linguística Cognitiva, em particular, da Teoria da Metáfora Conceptual (Lakoff; Johnson, 1980) e da Visão Multiníveis e Contextualizada da Metáfora (Kövecses, 2020).  Surpreendentemente, as narradoras justificam esses eventos com seu próprio comportamento, em um processo de auto culpabilização, ancorado na metáfora violência é punição, em que punição é consequência. Como explicar esse fenômeno?  Com base na análise, essa conceptualização emerge das forças sociais que manipulam a mulher sempre que há transgressão da ordem simbólica estabelecida (Bourdieu, 2012).
Long-Term Trends in Intensive Care Unit Hospitalizations in Poland: Study Based on the National Hospital Registry, 2012-2021
Authors: Kanecki Krzysztof , Goryński Paweł , Kowalczyk Michał , Lewtak Katarzyna , Tyszko Piotr , Rząd Michał , Nitsch-Osuch Aneta
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalizations are one of major burdens on the healthcare system, and they may be related to high risk of in-hospital fatality. The aim of the study was to describe long-term trends in ICU hospitalizations and related fatality rates in Poland.

Material and methods

Our study is a population-based study based on 738,579 ICU hospitalization records in 2012-2021.

Results

Based on the hospital registry and data on general population, the mean annual ICU hospitalization incidence was estimated at 1.9 per 1,000 (SD: 0.18) and a significant increase trend in hospitalizations was observed from 1.6 per 1,000 in 2012 to 2.2 per 1,000 in 2021, P<0.005. We observed a significant predominance of male patients (56.6% P<0.001) in the study group when compared to general population. The mean and median age in the study group were 61.6 (SD: 18.2) and 65 years (IQR: 53-74), respectively. The trend in fatal hospitalizations increased significantly from 37.7% in 2012 to 46.5% in 2021, P<0.05. However, the trend in fatal hospitalization rates during the ICU stay increased significantly from 31.2% in 2012 to 42.5% in 2021, P<0.01. The mean length of ICU stays increased from 8.7 in 2012 to 10.1 days in 2021, P<0.001.

Conclusions

The paper presents the recent trends in quantitative and qualitative changes in ICU hospitalizations in Poland. The presented data may be the basis for comparative analyzes in a global context. Reported data may indicate the need to perform adaptive systemic changes to improve health care.
Comparative investigation of immune-related biomarkers related to alopecia areata subtypes
Authors: Zheng Huiwen , Li Yin , Shen Chen , Zhou Sha , Huang Chunlan , Guo Xiaoxuan , Li Yunling
Published: September 2024

Introduction

The study aimed to explore the underlying immunologic mechanisms and immune-related biomarkers associated with alopecia areata (AA) development.

Material and methods

Expression data from the GSE68801 dataset, comprising 60 individuals with alopecia areata (28 patchy-type AA (AAP), 23 alopecia universalis (AU), 9 alopecia totalis (AT)), and 36 normal controls (NC) were analyzed. The study investigated differentially expressed RNAs (DERs), immune infiltration, and immune-related modules. Functional enrichment analysis of overlapping DERs was conducted using DAVID. Additionally, overlapping pathways and genes identified in a co-expression network, along with data from the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database 2019 update, were screened.

Results

There were 1708 lncRNAs and 17,326 mRNAs, along with 427 overlapping DERs among AAP, AU, AT, and NC, were identified. Subsequently, 17 biological processes significantly associated with inflammatory and immune responses, as well as 8 KEGG signaling pathways, including the chemokine and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway, were enriched. Notable differences in the infiltration of four T cell subtypes—activated CD8 T cells, effector memory CD8 T cells, regulatory T cells, as well as plasmacytoid dendritic cells—were observed compared to NC. Two modules were found to be significantly linked to disease stage progression and various T cell types. Functional analysis revealed significant enrichment of cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and the T cell receptor signaling pathway among the genes involved in these modules. Furthermore, CXCL9 and CXCL10 were identified as key nodes associated with the disease.

Conclusions

Our study indicates that AA is an autoimmune disease associated with T cells, with CXCL9 and CXCL10 emerging as significant prognostic factors in its development.
La Directiva sobre due diligence en sostenibilidad: la inconsistencia del nuevo marco normativo sobre responsabilidad empresarial de la Unión Europea
Authors: Guamán Hernández Adoración
Published: September 2024

La Directiva sobre diligencia debida de las empresas en materia de sostenibilidad, resultado de un difícil proceso de negociación, es un texto complejo y extenso, cuya trasposición va a conllevar importantes repercusiones en el ordenamiento jurídico español. Orientada a la regulación de una nueva perspectiva de la responsabilidad empresarial, obligatoria, limitada y solo aplicable a las empresas de gran tamaño, la norma desarrolla el proceso de diligencia debida en derechos humanos y medio ambiente con la ambición, no resuelta, de convertirse en el común denominador de las distintas normas estales sobre la cuestión y en la clave de bóveda de las expresiones del mecanismo ya preexistentes en el ámbito de la Unión Europea. Su carácter de texto de compromiso se refleja en un articulado plagado de limitaciones, excepciones y matices que augura una trasposición compleja, dispar y con evidentes problemas para su aplicación. El objetivo del presente artículo es desarrollar un análisis crítico pormenorizado del texto definitivo de la directiva al tiempo que señalar los principales retos y posibilidades que deben abordarse en la construcción de la futura ley española de diligencia debida.
CONFECÇÃO E APLICAÇÃO DE MODELOS DIDÁTICOS PARA A DISCIPLINA DE BIOLOGIA NO ENSINO MÉDIO
Authors: Da Silva Maria Eduarda , Souza Viviane Silva de , Silva Eliete Cavalcanti da , Lucena Marta Gerusa Soares de
Published: September 2024

O projeto foi proposto com o objetivo de confeccionar junto com os alunos do 2ª ano do ensino médio, modelos didáticos para a disciplina de Biologia, utilizando materiais de baixo custo e fácil manuseio. Os materiais didáticos foram confeccionados para fins educativos durante as aulas de histologia, com ênfase para os tecidos epiteliais, conjuntivos e musculares. Após ser observado o conhecimento prévio dos estudantes, através de perguntas orais sobre o conteúdo de histologia, foram realizadas atividades incluindo jogo da memória, confecção de tecidos com biscuit e reconhecimento e expressão dos tecidos. Essas atividades foram realizadas na Escola Estadual Pedro Barros Filho, localizado no município de Jaboatão dos Guararapes/PE. As atividades foram desenvolvidas com ajuda dos extensionistas durante o esclarecimento de dúvidas, confecção e manuseio dos materiais. Conclui-se que a proposta de produção de modelos didáticos com a participação dos estudantes é de grande utilidade nas aulas práticas de biologia, trazendo soluções de baixo custo, simples, porém de grande eficácia, para o uso em escolas, podendo ser utilizadas também em cursinhos e cursos profissionalizantes, que abordam o conteúdo de histologia. Esta proposta de atividade pode contribuir para despertar o interesse do aluno, assim como estimular sua participação nas aulas, favorecer a compreensão dos conteúdos
Autoavaliação institucional no âmbito do Sinaes : da concepção à prática
Authors: dos Santos Oliveira Ivan
Published: September 2024

Este livro é um dos produtos resultantes de nossa pesquisa de doutoramento em educação (Oliveira, 2023), realizada no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Universidade Federal de São Carlos – UFSCar, no período de 2019 a 2023. As afirmações e reflexões que aqui se fazem são frutos de árduo trabalho de leitura e de sistematização de vasta literatura a respeito da avaliação da educação superior brasileira, empreendida em quase cinco anos de dedicação ao tema. Nesta obra, resolvemos dedicar um olhar mais focalizado para atemática da auto avaliação institucional nas Instituições de Educação Superior (IES) nacionais. O objetivo é tornar oportuno um conhecimento denso, sério e cientificamente embasado sobre práticas de auto avaliação institucional a toda uma comunidade que tenha interesse em compreender profundamente e aperfeiçoar seus processos auto avaliativos. O recorte temático da auto avaliação institucional, aqui, está situado dentro do Sistema Nacional de Avaliação da Educação Superior – SINAES, mais especificamente nos processos de avaliação institucional interna. A esse sistema é atribuída por lei a promoção da avaliação das instituições, de cursos e de desempenho de estudantes.
Seis meses de gestiones del grupo de Contadora
Authors: C. G. R.
Published: September 2024

No abstract available.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 41, No. 451-452, 1986: 467-471.
Recensiones
Authors: C. R. C.  , R. C.
Published: September 2024

No abstract available.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 41, No. 451-452, 1986: 487-491.
Implicaciones jurídicas del terremoto
Authors: Departamento de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Published: September 2024

No abstract available.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 41, No. 457-458, 1986: 982-992.
Convención nacional del PDC de 1986
Authors: F. F. P.
Published: September 2024

No abstract available.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 41, No. 457-458, 1986: 1027-1031.
Guerra y cultura: sobrevuelo reflexivo y evaluativo sobre 1987
Authors: Escobar Francisco Andrés
Published: September 2024

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 43, No. 471-472, 1988: 61-84.
El asesinato de Anaya Sanabria continúa impune
Authors: W. O. M.
Published: September 2024

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 43, No. 471-472, 1988: 95-98.
Laborales ; Derechos humanos ; Refugiados y desplazados ; Esquipulas
Authors: ECA: Estudios Centroamericanos
Published: September 2024

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 43, No. 471-472, 1988: 137-150.
Concordance of TI-RADS Scores with Thyroid Histopathology and Its Relationship with TSH, T3, and T4 Levels in Thyroid Nodule Patients at Prof dr. I.G.N.G Ngoerah General Hospital
Authors: Soekrisno Raissa Andi , Asih Made Widhi , Patriawan Putu , Putra I Wayan Gede Artawan Eka , Martadiani Elysanti Dwi , Margiani Ni Nyoman
Published: September 2024

Background: Thyroid gland disorders are the second most common endocrine disorder worldwide after diabetes. Ultrasonography (USG) with TI-RADS scoring is an essential modality for assessing the malignancy risk of thyroid nodules, while Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy (FNAB) is used to determine the histopathological characteristics of the nodules. This study aims to assess the correlation between TI-RADS scores and histopathological results and their relationship with thyroid hormone levels in patients with thyroid nodules. Method: This is an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design. The study uses the results of TI-RADS score measurements, histopathological findings, and thyroid hormone levels in patients with thyroid nodules. These three variables were measured simultaneously at the time of diagnosis. The collected data were processed and presented in the form of frequency distribution tables. All data obtained were statistically analyzed using the SPSS 24.0 for Windows, including descriptive statistical analysis, conformity tests, mean difference tests, and MANCOVA tests. Result: The total number of subjects was 39. TI-RADS scores of 4-5 showed malignant histological features in 19 subjects (48.7%), while 16 out of 20 subjects with TI-RADS scores in the range of 1-3 showed benign histological features, with a Kappa value of 0.796 (strong level of agreement) and an agreement percentage of 89.74%; p<0.001. There was no statistically significant difference between the mean levels of TSH, FT4, and T3 based on histological findings, as the p-values obtained were greater than 0.05. Conclusion: There is a statistically significant correlation between TI-RADS scores and histopathological findings, but no statistically significant difference in the mean levels of TSH, FT4, and T3 based on either the TI-RADS score categories or histopathological findings in patients with thyroid nodules.
Carbon Sequestration Potentials of Mangroves in Northern Mindanao
Authors: Ucat. Fae G. , Tampus Annielyn D.
Published: September 2024

The estimated mean biomass across sites of Northern Mindanao was 947.47 Mg ha⁻¹ with a carbon stock of 142.12 Mg ha⁻¹. Camiguin Island exhibited the highest aboveground and belowground biomass and carbon stock, attributed to the prevalence of large-diameter trees. In contrast, Cagayan de Oro and Laguindingan had higher numbers of smaller-diameter trees, resulting in lower biomass and carbon stock. The study highlighted the critical role of soil carbon, which constituted a significant portion of the total carbon stock. Overall, the combined mean carbon stock of biomass and sediments across all sites was 447.86 Mg ha⁻¹, translating to a carbon sequestration potential of 1,643.66 Mg CO2 ha⁻¹. The study emphasizes the species composition, mangrove stand age, and site protection in enhancing the carbon sequestration capabilities of mangrove forests.
Football Observers' Perceptions of Women's Football in Aceh
Authors: Sarwita Tuti , Shima Nurzatul , Is Zulheri , Pranata Didi Yudha , Rahmat Zikrur , Irfandi Irfandi , Munzir Munzir , Hariansyah Septi , Irwandi Irwandi
Published: September 2024

The presence of women's football in Aceh is against the MPU because according to them women's football is not in accordance with Islamic law. With this, this study aims to determine how the perceptions of football observers in Aceh on the formation of women's football teams in Aceh. Respondents in this study were divided based on 4 criteria consisting of, (1) Perspectives of football lovers, (2) According to the point of view of the Football Coach, (3) Viewpoints of Football Players, (4) Perspectives of Sports Managers. Collecting data in this study using a closed questionnaire system with the aim of knowing the perceptions of football observers in Aceh which are divided into 3 things, namely, in terms of facilities and infrastructure, referees, and cultural / cultural aspects. Based on the results of data processing in this study, the data of this study were presented using a Likert scale with the results that answered strongly disagree 4.8%, disagree 8.8%, agree 22.7%, and strongly agree 63.7 to existence. Women's Football in Aceh. This research can conclude that the perception of football observers on women's soccer in Aceh is positive.
Seminar Manajemen Stress Pada Pendeta GBKP Klasis Kabanjahe Sukarame
Authors: Brahmana Karina Meriem Beru
Published: September 2024

The Stress Management Seminar for Pastors at GBKP Klasis Kabanjahe Sukarame was organized in response to the heavy duties and responsibilities borne by pastors. As leaders, shepherds, and teachers, pastors often face complex and demanding service challenges. They must provide maximum service to the congregation, frequently encountering dilemmas between prioritizing family interests or those of the congregation. This situation potentially leads to significant physical, psychological, and emotional fatigue, ultimately resulting in stress. The seminar aimed to equip pastors with stress management knowledge and skills to better handle the pressures encountered in their daily duties. Through an interactive and practical approach, the seminar covered stress management techniques, including relaxation strategies, time management, and the development of social support systems. The results of the seminar indicated a significant benefit for the pastors in terms of reduced stress levels and improved overall well-being. It is hoped that this seminar can serve as a model for similar future activities, supporting the mental and emotional health of pastors in their service duties.
Kata Kunci: stress management, coping strategies, priest
Efficiency of Education Financing in Rural Polish Communes
Authors: Wojarska Magdalena
Published: September 2024

Financing education is a primary responsibility of local government units in Poland. Rural communes often struggle with limited financial resources, which negatively affects the quality of educational infrastructure and the availability of teachers and, in the long run, translates into the quality of human capital in these areas. For this reason, analysing the efficiency of budget expenditure should be a fundamental tool for rationalising public finance management in each local government. The study aimed to assess the efficiency of rural municipalities’ expenditures on educational tasks and create a typology of communes related to this issue. The efficiency was estimated using the classic input-oriented DEA model, while the k-means method was used to determine the types of rural communes, dividing them into separate subsets of different sizes. The calculations show that the average value of the efficiency index from 2012 to 2022 was 0.81. The set of units efficient in each year included only six local governments (group 0). In the subsequent groups, the average values of the efficiency coefficients were as follows: 0.92 in group 1, 0.85 in group 2, 0.82 in group 3, 0.76 in group 4, and 0.66 in group 5. Further research should focus on the determinants of the efficiency of rural communes’ expenditure on educational tasks to identify best practices and develop effective strategies for optimizing the allocation of funds. It is worth paying attention to issues like local government investment policy, demographic processes, and government decisions.
Contribution of Leadership Power in Managing Organizational Change in Local Government Authorities: A Case Study of Ubungo Municipal Council, Tanzania
Authors: Kilawe Frida
Published: September 2024

Local Government Authorities (LGAs) play a significant role in enhancing community development. Therefore, leaders of LGAs must possess leadership powers that can enhance their capacity to initiate organizational changes. This study investigated the contribution of leadership powers in managing organizational changes within LGAs, focusing on coercive, legitimate, reward, and expertise powers. The study employed a cross-sectional research design, with the authorities and departments operating under the umbrella of Ubungo Municipal Council LGA as the case study. The study targeted a population of 194 Ubungo Municipal Council employees across various departments. Data were collected from a sample of 80 respondents, including both administrative and non-administrative officers of Ubungo Municipal Council. The study utilized a mixed-methods approach, incorporating both questionnaires and interviews as primary data collection methods. Data from the field were analyzed using both descriptive and content analysis techniques. The study employed Lewin's Change Model and Psychological Reactance Theory to analyze leadership dynamics and change management processes. The findings revealed that while coercive power is utilized, it is perceived as ineffective due to its harshness and tendency to induce resistance. Conversely, legitimate power emerged as effective in suppressing resistance, fostering trust, and facilitating successful change initiatives. Reward power was highlighted as instrumental in driving transformation without resistance and enhancing employee engagement and organizational culture. Additionally, expertise power was valued for its ability to persuade employees to accept changes, thereby inspiring confidence and trust. The study underscores the importance of selecting appropriate leadership powers during organizational changes in LGAs, with legitimate power being the most suitable for suppressing resistance. The findings emphasize the need for leaders to leverage reward and expertise powers effectively to drive successful change initiatives. The study concludes that LGAs play a crucial role in community development, necessitating effective leadership powers for initiating organizational changes. Recommendations include implementing training programs for leaders, establishing guidelines for power application, and promoting participatory decision-making to enhance change management processes within LGAs.
Enhancing Financial Operations: Digital vs. Traditional Systems at Care Cove Company Limited, Tanzania
Authors: Kileo Stella Paul
Published: September 2024

Organizational conflicts always happen when the management members face the dilemma of making crucial decisions with a direct impact on the company's performance. Despite having a well-performing brand name in the market, Care Cove's Financial Performance faces several difficulties which demand the company change its mode of financial operations.   The decision to shift to a digital financial management system divided the board members as some of them preferred staying in the traditional financial management system. Each business decision comes with its risks, and delaying making a business decision harms the business's growth and sustainability. Therefore, this paper provides business solutions on how the company can handle the dilemma among the management members and how the transformation from a traditional to a digital financial management system can be made smoothly. The case was guided by the theory of the Technological Acceptance Model which indicates the criteria guiding the acceptance of the new technology. The case utilized the decision case design which allows the study to evaluate the opinions of the antagonists and protagonists involved in the case before deciding on the business solutions   The case employed the sample of 2 respondents from the population of 13 employees of Care Cove Company Limited who were obtained through purposive sampling, data were collected through interviews, observation and documentation. The scholar employed content and narration analysis techniques to present and analyse the opinions of the respondents who participated in the study.  After the critical evaluation of the opinions from both the antagonist and the protagonist sides the case has discovered that for the best of the company, the management should transform to the digital platform financial management systems but not in full. Some of the financial operations which are not affecting the profitability of the company can be kept traditional until the other revenues and financial operations have been fully digitalized.  To effectively implement the transition process without damaging the company's competitive advantages, the case proposes conducting a need assessment and defining the objectives of shifting to a digital financial management system as well as evaluating the technological environments and the market of digital systems.
IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM LAMPU JALAN BERTENAGA SURYA DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP MASYARAKAT DI BANJAR NEGERI
Authors: ASTUTI TIARA WIDYA , SUSANTI AGUS , PUSPITA REVI , ARMANSYAH TRIYAN , ISTIANA LAISA
Published: September 2024

The implementation of the solar-powered street light program in Banjar Negeri has succeeded in improving the quality of life of the community. This research aims to evaluate the impact of the program on social, technical and economic aspects. The methods used are surveys, interviews and data analysis. The research results show that this program has had a significant positive impact, such as increasing security, comfort and social activities of the community at night. Apart from that, this program also contributes to environmental preservation and provides long-term economic benefits. The sustainability of the program is highly dependent on community involvement, government support, and the existence of effective maintenance mechanisms. The result of community service in Banjar Negeri village is that street lights have been successfully installed at several strategic points, providing sufficient lighting to improve security at night.
ABSTRAKImplementasi program lampu jalan bertenaga surya di Banjar Negeri telah berhasil meningkatkan kualitas hidup masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi dampak program tersebut terhadap aspek sosial, teknis, dan ekonomi. Metode yang digunakan adalah survei, wawancara, dan analisis data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa program ini memberikan dampak positif yang signifikan, seperti peningkatan keamanan, kenyamanan, dan aktivitas sosial masyarakat di malam hari. Selain itu, program ini juga berkontribusi pada pelestarian lingkungan dan memberikan keuntungan ekonomis jangka panjang. Keberlanjutan program sangat bergantung pada keterlibatan masyarakat, dukungan pemerintah, serta adanya mekanisme pemeliharaan yang efektif. hasil dari pengabdian masyarakat di desa Banjar Negeri ini yaitu Lampu jalan berhasil dipasang di beberapa titik strategis, memberikan penerangan yang cukup untuk meningkatkan keamanan di malam hari.
THE BURDEN OF INFECTIONS IN THE CONDITIONS OF MILITARY CONFLICTS
Authors:   Belarusian State Medical University, I. V. Fedorova , A. S. Laсhadynov , S. N. Shnitko ,   Belarusian State Medical University
Published: September 2024

The article presents the quantitative parameters of the manifestations of the epidemic process of scabies in the military collectives of the Republic of Belarus. In the long-term dynamics of the scabies incidence, a moderate tendency to decrease the intensity of the epidemic process has been established (the average annual rate of decline was 2.6 %, p < 0.05). The relative risk of scabies in military collectives in some years was 1.6–2.1 times higher than in the civilian population. In the annual dynamics of the incidence of scabies among military personnel, an autumn-winter seasonal rise has been established with a moderate intensification of the epidemic process in April. For effective anti-epidemic protection of troops from the introduction, occurrence and spread of scabies, recommendations are proposed to improve the organization and conduct of sanitary and anti-epidemic measures in epidemic foci of the invasive contact type.
ANTITHROMBOTIC THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION AND ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME – PROBLEMS AND WAYS TO SOLVE
Authors:   Belarusian State Medical University, I. Karnialiuk , S. Aliakseichyk ,   Belarusian State Medical University, M. Karnialiuk
Published: September 2024

The article provides an overview of modern approaches to the combined prescription of antithrombotic drugs in patients with atrial fibrillation who have indications for taking oral anticoagulants when they develop acute coronary syndrome, requiring the prescription of parenteral anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents. These approaches are aimed at increasing the effectiveness of antithrombotic therapy while reducing the risk of developing hemorrhagic complications.
A high-accuracy dynamic dilution method for generating reference gas mixtures of carbonyl sulfide at sub-nanomole-per-mole levels for long-term atmospheric observation
Authors: Nara Hideki , Saito Takuya , Umezawa Taku , Tohjima Yasunori
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Atmospheric carbonyl sulfide (COS) has received increasing attention as a potential tracer for investigating the global carbon cycle. Owing to the irreversible photosynthetic absorption of COS, changes in the atmospheric COS mole fraction can be related to terrestrial gross primary production. However, the instability of COS in high-pressure cylinders has hampered the accurate determination of atmospheric COS. Here, we report a dynamic dilution method for generating reference gas mixtures containing COS at ambient levels (ca. 500 pmol mol−1). Our method combined a dynamic dilution system employing a high-accuracy mass flow measurement system and a dry reference gas mixture prepared gravimetrically as a parent gas mixture containing a micromole-per-mole level of COS filled in a high-pressure aluminium cylinder. The storage stability of COS at this level was experimentally validated for three gravimetrically prepared dry reference gases over a period of more than 1 decade. We evaluated the dilution performance of the developed method using a gravimetric parent gas mixture containing approximately 1 µmol mol−1 of COS and chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC-22). Excellent repeatability (0.2 % for COS and 0.4 % for HCFC-22 in terms of relative standard deviation; RSD), reproducibility (COS: 0.1 %; HCFC-22: 0.3 %), and dilution linearity (R2>0.99 for both COS and HCFC-22) were obtained and were corroborated by the nearly constant ratio of the normalized gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS) response of COS to HCFC-22. The dilution accuracy was examined by comparing the determined HCFC-22 mole fractions in a dynamically diluted parent gas mixture from a mass flow rate measurement system and GC/MS calibrated using a gravimetrically diluted parent gas mixture. The mole fractions of HCFC-22 from these two methods agreed within an acceptable difference of approximately 2 pmol mol−1, validating the dilution accuracy of the developed method. By re-evaluating the experimental data, we determined the mole fractions of COS and HCFC-22 in an ambient-air-based reference gas mixture, with relative standard deviations of 0.1 % for COS and 0.3 % for HCFC-22. These results demonstrated that the developed method can accurately generate reference gas mixtures containing COS at ambient levels, which we expect will support long-term observations of atmospheric COS.
Overview: Global change effects on terrestrial biogeochemistry at the plant–soil interface
Authors: Fuchslueger Lucia , Solly Emily Francesca , Canarini Alberto , Brangarí Albert Carles
Published: September 2024

Abstract. “Global change” significantly alters organic matter and element cycling, but many of the underlying processes and consequences remain poorly understood. The interface of plants and soil plays a central role, coupling the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere and lithosphere and integrating biological and geochemical processes. The contributions to this special issue address questions on both biotic and abiotic interactions underlying responses of terrestrial biogeochemical cycling to a range of global changes, including increases in atmospheric CO2 concentrations, warming, drought and altered water regimes. In this overview, we synthesize key findings of the contributing empirical, conceptual and modelling-based studies covering responses of plants to elevated CO2; the role of soil organisms in modulating responses to warming; impacts of global change on soil organic carbon, nitrogen, and mineral nutrient availability; and the influence of altered water-table depth caused by global change on greenhouse gas emissions. The showcased studies were conducted in regions from the Arctic to the tropics and highlight the manifold impacts of global change on various ecosystem components controlling biogeochemical processes occurring at the plant–soil interface. This multi-ecosystem interdisciplinary understanding is crucial for deciphering feedbacks of terrestrial ecosystems to the climate system.
Antarctic tipping points triggered by the mid-Pliocene warm climate
Authors: Blasco Javier , Tabone Ilaria , Moreno-Parada Daniel , Robinson Alexander , Alvarez-Solas Jorge , Pattyn Frank , Montoya Marisa
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Tipping elements, including the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS), are Earth system components that could reach critical thresholds due to anthropogenic emissions. Increasing our understanding of past warm climates can help to elucidate the future contribution of the AIS to emissions. The mid-Pliocene Warm Period (mPWP; ∼ 3.3–3.0 million years ago) serves as an ideal benchmark experiment. During this period, CO2 levels were similar to the present day (PD; 350–450 ppmv), but global mean temperatures were 2.5–4.0 K higher. Sea level reconstructions from that time indicate a rise of 5–25 m compared to the present, highlighting the potential crossing of tipping points in Antarctica. In order to achieve a sea level contribution far beyond 10 m, not only the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) needs to largely decrease, but a significant response in the East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS) is also required. A key question in reconstructions and simulations is therefore which of the AIS basins retreated during the mPWP. In this study, we investigate how the AIS responds to climatic and bedrock conditions during the mPWP. To this end, we use the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project, Phase 2 (PlioMIP2), general circulation model ensemble to force a higher-order ice sheet model. Our simulations reveal that the WAIS experiences collapse with a 0.5 K oceanic warming. The Wilkes Basin shows retreat at 3 K oceanic warming, although higher precipitation rates could mitigate such a retreat. Totten Glacier shows slight signs of retreats only under high-oceanic warming conditions (greater than 4 K oceanic anomaly). If only the WAIS collapses, we simulate a mean contribution of 2.7 to 7.0 ms.l.e. (metres of sea level equivalent). If, in addition, the Wilkes Basin retreats, our simulations suggest a mean contribution of 6.0 to 8.9 ms.l.e. Besides uncertainties related to the climate forcing, we also examine other sources of uncertainty related to initial ice thickness and ice dynamics. We find that the climatologies yield a higher uncertainty than the dynamical configuration if parameters are constrained with PD observations and that starting from Pliocene reconstructions leads to smaller ice sheet configurations due to the hysteresis behaviour of marine bedrocks. Ultimately, our study concludes that marine ice cliff instability is not a prerequisite for the retreat of the Wilkes Basin. Instead, a significant rise in oceanic temperatures can initiate such a retreat.
An Unusual Winter Ozone Event in Colorado
Authors: Langford Andrew O. , Alvarez II Raul J. , Aikin Kenneth C. , Baidar Sunil , Brewer W. Alan , Brown Steven S. , Coggan Matthew M. , Cullis Patrick D. , Gilman Jessica , Gkatzelis Georgios I. , Helmig Detlev , Johnson Bryan J. , Knowland K. Emma , Kumar Rajesh , Lamplugh Aaron D. , McClure-Begley Audra , McCarty Brandi J. , Middlebrook Ann M. , Pfister Gabriele , Peischl Jeff , Petropavlovskikh Irina , Rickley Pamela S. , Rollins Andrew W. , Sandberg Scott P. , Senff Christoph J. , Warneke Carsten
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Surface ozone (O3) mixing ratios exceeding the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) were measured at rural monitors along the Colorado Front Range on 17 April 2020 during the COVID-19 lockdown. This unusual episode followed back-to-back upslope snowstorms and coincided with the presence of a deep stratospheric intrusion, but ground-based lidar and ozonesonde measurements show that little, if any, of the O3-rich lower stratospheric air reached the surface. Instead, the statically stable lower stratospheric air suppressed the growth of the convective boundary layer and trapped nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by motor vehicles and oil and natural gas (O&NG) operations near the ground where the clear skies and extensive snow cover triggered a short-lived photochemical episode similar to those observed in the O&NG producing basins of northeastern Utah and southwestern Wyoming. In this study, we use a combination of lidar, ozonesonde, and surface measurements, together with the WRF-Chem and GEOS-CF models, to describe the stratospheric intrusion and characterize the boundary layer structure, HYSPLIT back trajectories to show the low-level transport of O3 and its precursors to the exceedance sites, and surface measurements of NOx and VOCs together with a 0-D box model to investigate the roles of urban and O&NG emissions and the COVID-19 quarantine in the O3 production. The box model showed the O3 production to be NOx saturated, such that the NOx reductions associated with COVID-19 exacerbated the event rather than mitigating it. Such O3 winter O3 exceedances may become more common in Denver with expected, future NOx reductions.
Using observations of surface fracture to address ill-posed ice softness estimation over Pine Island Glacier
Authors: Surawy-Stepney Trystan , Cornford Stephen L. , Hogg Anna E.
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Numerical models used to simulate the evolution of the Antarctic Ice Sheet require the specification of basal boundary conditions on stress and local deviations in the assumed material properties of the ice. In general, scalar fields representing these unknown components of the system are found by solving an inverse problem given observations of model state variables – typically ice flow speed. However, these optimisation problems are ill posed, resulting in degenerate solutions and poor conditioning. In this study, we propose the use of fracture and strain rate data to provide prior information to the inverse problem, in an effort to better constrain the inferred ice softness compared to more heuristic regularisation techniques. We use Pine Island Glacier as a case study and consider both a 'snapshot' inverse problem in which ice softness and basal slip parameters are sought simultaneously over the glacier as a whole, and a 'time-dependent' problem in which ice softness alone is sought over the floating ice shelf at regular intervals. In the first case, we construct a prior encoding the assumption that the ice softness will be close to our initial guess except from where we see fractures or high shear strain rates in satellite data. We investigate the solutions and conditioning of this data-informed inverse problem versus alternatives. The second proposed method makes the assumption that changes to ice softness occurring on monthly-to-annual timescales will be dominated by the fracturing of ice. We show that these methods can result in softness fields on floating ice that visually mimic fracture patterns without significantly affecting the quality of the solution misfit, perhaps leading to greater confidence in the softness fields as a representation of the true material properties of the ice shelf.
Constraining uncertainty in projected precipitation over land with causal discovery
Authors: Debeire Kevin , Bock Lisa , Nowack Peer , Runge Jakob , Eyring Veronika
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Accurately projecting future precipitation patterns over land is crucial for understanding climate change and developing effective mitigation and adaptation strategies. However, projections of precipitation changes in state-of-the-art climate models still exhibit considerable uncertainty, in particular over vulnerable and populated land areas. This study aims to address this challenge by introducing a novel methodology for constraining climate model precipitation projections with causal discovery. Our approach involves a multistep procedure that integrates dimension reduction, causal network estimation, causal network evaluation, and a causal weighting scheme which is based on the historical performance (the distance of the causal network of a model to the causal network of a reanalysis dataset) and the interdependence of CMIP6 models (the distance of the causal network of a model to the causal network of other climate models). To uncover the significant causal pathways crucial for understanding dynamical interactions in the climate models and reanalysis datasets, we estimate the time-lagged causal relationships using the PCMCI causal discovery algorithm. In the last step, a novel causal weighting scheme is introduced, assigning weights based on the performance and interdependence of the CMIP6 models' causal networks. For the end-of-century period 2081–2100, our method reduces the very likely ranges (5–95 percentile) of projected precipitation changes over land between 10 and 16 % relative to the unweighted ranges across three global warming scenarios (SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5). The sizes of the likely ranges (17–83 percentile) are further reduced between 16 and 41 %. This methodology is not limited to precipitation over land and can be applied to other climate variables, supporting better mitigation and adaptation strategies to tackle climate change.
An evaluation on the alignment of drought policy and planning guidelines with the contemporary disaster risk reduction agenda
Authors: Masih Ilyas
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Drought is a major global challenge causing significant socio-economic and environmental impacts. A paradigm shift from crisis to risk management is advocated to reduce the impacts of droughts, and to build the resilience of societies, and water and environmental systems against drought. A number of drought policy and planning guidelines are developed and used to support the transition from crisis to risk management and enhancing resilience. However, research is lacking on critical reflection, evaluation and update of the available drought guidelines. For example, there is no study on assessing the correspondence of the available guidelines to the contemporary disaster risk reduction agenda. Therefore, this study evaluates twelve drought policy and planning guidelines for their alignment with the four priority areas of the SENDAI framework for disaster risk reduction 2015–2030. A qualitative evaluation matrix was developed and used in the assessment. The examined priorities and associated thematic elements were scored in the range 0–100, and classified under Very Low (0–10), Low (11–30), Medium-Low (31–50), Medium-High (51–70), High (71–90), and Very High (91–100) categories. Most guidelines achieved (medium) high to very high scores on data and information, risk assessment, and communication and dissemination elements associated with priority 1 (understanding disaster risk). Whereas, mostly very low to low coverage was found for science-policy-practice dialogue, local knowledge and practices, and research and development. Strengthening disaster risk governance to manage disaster risk (priority 2) earned high scores on most elements, notably for strategies and plans, coordination mechanisms, community representation, and policy and governance. In contrast, most elements under priority 3 (investing in disaster risk reduction) were classified under low to medium categories, which include financial allocation, risk transfer, and mainstreaming drought risk reduction into land use and rural development planning, business resilience and protection of livelihoods, and health and safety. Most elements under priority 4 (enhancing disaster preparedness) scored under medium low to medium high ranges, as sufficient information was lacking on multi-hazard early warning systems, post-disaster recovery, rehabilitation, and reconstruction, and resilience of critical infrastructure. Furthermore, the study outlined several strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats pertaining to the examined guidelines. In general, the study reveals an urgent need to better align drought policy and planning guidelines with the contemporary disaster risk reduction agenda outlined in the SENDAI Framework. The findings of this study can be instructive in designing the next generation of drought guidelines in support of an accelerated transition towards drought risk management, and building resilient societies and ecosystems under a changing climate and increasing anthropogenic pressures.