bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tuning interfacial thermal conductance of GaN/AlN heterostructure nanowires by constructing core/shell structure
Authors: Ren Xue , Wu Cheng-Wei , Li Shi-Yi , Xie Zhong-Xiang , Zhou Wu-Xing
Published: January 2023

The ability to tune the interfacial thermal conductance of GaN/AlN heterojunction nanowires (NWs) with a core/shell structure is shown using molecular dynamics and non-equilibrium Green’s functions method. In particular, an increase in the shell thickness leads to a significant improvement of interfacial thermal conductance of GaN/AlN core/shell NWs. At room temperature (300 K), the interfacial thermal conductance of NWs with specific core/shell ratio can reach 0.608 nW K−1, which is about twice that of GaN/AlN heterojunction NWs due to the weak phonon scattering and phonon localization. Moreover, changing the core/shell type enables one to vary interfacial thermal conductance relative to that of GaN/AlN heterojunction NWs. The results of the study provide an important guidance for solving the thermal management problems of GaN-based devices.
Antimony nanobelt asymmetric membranes for sodium ion battery
Authors: Williams Logan , DiCesare Jake , Sheppard Olivia , Jin Congrui , Chen Xiaobo , Wu Ji
Published: January 2023

In this study, composite asymmetric membranes containing antimony (Sb) nanobelts are prepared via a straightforward phase inversion method in combination with post-pyrolysis treatment. Sb nanobelt asymmetric membranes demonstrate improved cyclability and specific capacity as the alloy anode of sodium ion battery compared to Sb nanobelt thin films without asymmetric porous structure. The unique structure can effectively accommodate the large volume expansion of Sb-based alloy anodes, prohibit the loss of fractured active materials, and aid in the formation of stable artificial solid electrolyte interphases as evidenced by an outstanding capacity retention of ∼98% in 130 cycles at 60 mA g−1. A specific capacity of ∼600 mAh g−1 is obtained at 15 mA g−1 (1/40C). When the current density is increased to 240 mA g−1, ∼80% capacity can be maintained (∼480 mAh g−1). The relations among phase inversion conditions, structures, compositions, and resultant electrochemical properties are revealed through comprehensive characterization.
Comparison of dual-energy CT with positron emission tomography for lung perfusion imaging in patients with non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Gaudreault Mathieu , Korte James , Bucknell Nicholas , Jackson Price , Sakyanun Pitchaya , McIntosh Lachlan , Woon Beverley , Buteau James P , Hofman Michael S , Mulcahy Tony , Kron Tomas , Siva Shankar , Hardcastle Nicholas
Published: January 2023

Objective. Functional lung avoidance (FLA) radiotherapy treatment aims to spare lung regions identified as functional from imaging. Perfusion contributes to lung function and can be measured from the determination of pulmonary blood volume (PBV). An advantageous alternative to the current determination of PBV from positron emission tomography (PET) may be from dual energy CT (DECT), due to shorter examination time and widespread availability. This study aims to determine the correlation between PBV determined from DECT and PET in the context of FLA radiotherapy. Approach. DECT and PET acquisitions at baseline of patients enrolled in the HI-FIVE clinical trial (ID: NCT03569072) were reviewed. Determination of PBV from PET imaging (

PBV

PET

), from DECT imaging generated from a commercial software (Syngo.via, Siemens Healthineers, Forchheim, Germany) with its lowest (

PBV

syngo

R
=
1

) and highest (

PBV

syngo

R
=
10

) smoothing level parameter value (R), and from a two-material decomposition (TMD) method (

PBV
TMD
L

) with variable median filter kernel size (L) were compared. Deformable image registration between DECT images and the CT component of the PET/CT was applied to PBV maps before resampling to the PET resolution. The Spearman correlation coefficient (r
s) between PBV determinations was calculated voxel-wise in lung subvolumes. Main results. Of this cohort of 19 patients, 17 had a DECT acquisition at baseline. PBV maps determined from the commercial software and the TMD method were very strongly correlated [r
s(

PBV

syngo

R
=
1

,

PBV

TMD

L
=
1

) = 0.94 ± 0.01 and r
s(

PBV

syngo

R
=
10

,

PBV

TMD

L
=
9

) = 0.94 ± 0.02].

PBV

PET

was strongly correlated with

PBV
TMD
L

[r
s(

PBV

PET

,

PBV

TMD

L
=
28

) = 0.67 ± 0.11]. Perfusion patterns differed along the posterior-anterior direction [r
s(

PBV

PET

,

PBV

TMD

L
=
28

) = 0.77 ± 0.13/0.57 ± 0.16 in the anterior/posterior region]. Significance. A strong correlation between DECT and PET determination of PBV was observed. Streak and smoothing effects in DECT and gravitational artefacts and misregistration in PET reduced the correlation posteriorly.
The role of field correlations on turbulent dissipation
Authors: Pouquet Annick
Published: January 2023

Nonlinear phenomena and turbulence are central to our understanding and modeling of the dynamics of fluids and plasmas, and yet they still resist analytical resolution in many instances. However, progress has been made recently, displaying a richness of phenomena, which was somewhat unexpected a few years back, such as double constant-flux cascades of the same invariant for both large and small scales, or the presence of non-Gaussian wings in large-scale fields, for fluids and plasmas. Here, I will concentrate on the direct measurement of the magnitude of dissipation and the evaluation of intermittency in a turbulent plasma using exact laws stemming from invariance principles and involving cross-correlation tensors with both the velocity and the magnetic fields. I will illustrate these points through scaling laws, together with data analysis from existing experiments, observations and numerical simulations. Finally, I will also briefly explore the possible implications for the validity and use of several modeling strategies.
3D printing shape memory polymer of laminated multi-component metamaterial towards optimization of auxetic and shape recovery behaviors
Authors: Liu Yuheng , Shu Dong-Wei , Lu Haibao
Published: January 2023

With the development of multifunctional metamaterials, auxetic shape memory metamaterials have attracted extensive attentions. However, the combination of material property into structural metamaterial has not been fully understand. In this study, a 3D printing laminated multi-component metamaterial has been manufactured using the viscoelastic and elastic shape memory polymers (SMPs), to achieve a tailorable release rate of strain energy for optimization of auxetic and shape recovery behaviors. A synergistic effect of laminated structure arrangement and cell radius has been identified as the driving force to achieve the auxetic behavior (for metamaterial), high storage strain energy (for yielding strength) and release rate (for shape recovery behavior). Finally, the auxetic, yielding, and shape recovery behaviors have been experimentally tested, to verify the effectiveness of the finite element method results. And a good agreement between them has been achieved. This study is expected to provide a design guideline for auxetic and shape recovery behaviors of laminated multi-component SMP metamaterial.
Electric-dual BPS vortices in the generalized self-dual Maxwell-Chern-Simons-Higgs model
Authors: Prasetya Tama Laurenzius Yudha , Gunara Bobby Eka , Atmaja Ardian Nata
Published: January 2023

In this paper we show how to derive the Bogomolny’s equations of the generalized self-dual Maxwell-Chern-Simons-Higgs model presented in [10] by using the BPS Lagrangian method with a particular choice of the BPS Lagrangian density. We also show that the identification, potential terms, and Gauss’s law constraint can be derived rigorously under the BPS Lagrangian method. In this method, we find that the potential terms are the most general form that could have the BPS vortex solutions. The Gauss’s law constraint turns out to be the Euler–Lagrange equations of the BPS Lagrangian density. We also find another BPS vortex solutions by taking other identification between the neutral scalar field and the electric scalar potential field, N = ± A
0, which is different by a relative sign to the identification in [10], N = ∓ A
0. Under this identification, N = ± A
0, we obtain a slightly different potential terms and Bogomolny’s equations compared to the ones in [10]. Furthermore we compute the solutions numerically, with the same configurations as in [10], and find that only the resulting electric field plots differ by sign relative to the results in [10]. Therefore we conclude that these BPS vortices are electric-dual BPS vortices of the ones computed in [10].
The flagellar length control system: exploring the physical biology of organelle size
Authors: Marshall Wallace F
Published: January 2023

How cells build and maintain dynamic structures of defined size is currently an important unsolved problem in quantitative cell biology. The flagella of the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas provide a highly tractable model system to investigate this general question, but while the powerful genetics of this organism have revealed numerous genes required for proper flagellar length, in most cases we do not understand their mechanistic role in length control. Flagellar length can be viewed as the steady state solution of a dynamical system involving assembly and disassembly of axonemal microtubules, with assembly depending on an active transport process known as intraflagellar transport (IFT). The inherent length dependence of IFT gives rise to a family of simple models for length regulation that can account for many previously described phenomena such as the ability of flagella to maintain equal lengths. But these models requires that the cell has a way to measure flagellar length in order to adjust IFT rates accordingly. Several models for length sensing have been modeled theoretically and evaluated experimentally, allowing them to be ruled out. Current data support a model in which the diffusive return of the kinesin motor driving IFT provides a length dependence that ultimately is the basis for length regulation. By combining models of length sensing with a more detailed representation of cargo transport and availability, it is now becoming possible to formulate concrete hypotheses to explain length altering mutants.
Electron dynamics of molecular frustrated double ionization driven by strong laser fields*
Authors: Tang Qing-Bin , Shi Lu-Ke , Zhang Ke , Kang Shuai-Jie , Li Zheng-Fa , Wu Yin-Meng , Qin Ling-Ling , Zhai Chun-Yang , Liu Ai-Hua , Li Ying-Bin , Yu Ben-Hai
Published: January 2023

We theoretically investigate the frustrated double ionization (FDI) of molecules with different alignment-dependence using a three-dimensional classical ensemble method. The numerical results show that the FDI probability decreases with increasing wavelength, which is similar to the wavelength dependence of the FDI probability of atoms. Tracing the classical trajectories reveals that the contributions to molecular FDI from single-recollision and multiple-recollision mechanisms are equal in the short wavelength regime. In the long wavelength regime, the single-recollision FDI channel dominates in FDI. The nature in which molecular FDI occurs is identified and explained.
Measuring stellar populations, dust attenuation and ionized gas at kpc scales in 10010 nearby galaxies using the integral field spectroscopy from MaNGA
Authors: Li Niu , Li Cheng
Published: January 2023

As one of the three major experiments of the fourth-generation Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV), the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apatch Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey has obtained high-quality integral field spectroscopy (IFS) with a resolution of 1–2 kpc for ∼ 104 galaxies in the local universe during its six-year operation from July 2014 through August 2020. It is crucial to reliably measure the physical properties of the different components in each spectrum before one can use the data for any scientific study. In the past years we have made lots of efforts to develop a novel technique of full spectral fitting, which estimates a model-independent dust attenuation curve from each spectrum, thus allowing us to break the degeneracy between dust attenuation and stellar population properties when fitting the spectrum with stellar population synthesis models. We have applied our technique to the final data release of MaNGA, and obtained measurements of stellar population properties and emission line parameters, as well as the kinematics and dust attenuation of both stellar and ionized gas components. In this paper we describe our technique and the content and format of our data products. The whole dataset is publicly available in Science Data Bank with the link https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.j00113.00088.
Modeling of thermal conductivity for disordered carbon nanotube networks
Authors: Yin Hao , Liu Zhiguo , Yang Juekuan
Published: January 2023

Several theoretical models have been developed so far to predict the thermal conductivities of carbon nanotube (CNT) networks. However, these models overestimated the thermal conductivity significantly. In this paper, we claimed that a CNT network can be considered as a contact thermal resistance network. In the contact thermal resistance network, the temperature of an individual CNT is nonuniform and the intrinsic thermal resistance of CNTs can be ignored. Compared with the previous models, the model we proposed agrees well with the experimental results of single-walled CNT networks.
Parallel transport modeling of linear divertor simulators with fundamental ion cyclotron heating
*
Authors: Kumar A. , Caneses-Marin J.F. , Lau C. , Goulding R.
Published: January 2023

The Material Plasma Exposure eXperiment (MPEX) is a steady state linear device with the goal to perform plasma material interaction studies at future fusion reactor relevant conditions. A prototype of MPEX referred as ‘Proto-MPEX’ is designed to carry out research and development related to source, heating and transport concepts on the planned full MPEX device. The auxiliary heating schemes in MPEX are based on cyclotron resonance heating with radio frequency (RF) waves. Ion cyclotron heating (ICH) and electron cyclotron heating in MPEX are used to independently heat the ions and electrons and provide fusion divertor conditions ranging from sheath-limited to fully detached divertor regimes at a material target. A hybrid particle-in-cell code- PICOS++ is developed and applied to understand the plasma parallel transport during ICH in MPEX/Proto-MPEX to the target. With this tool, evolution of the distribution function of MPEX/Proto-MPEX ions is modeled in the presence of (a) Coulomb collisions, (b) volumetric particle sources and (c) quasi-linear RF-based ICH. The code is benchmarked against experimental data from Proto-MPEX and simulation data from B2.5 EIRENE. The experimental observation of ‘density-drop’ near the target in Proto-MPEX and MPEX during ICH is demonstrated and explained via physics-based arguments using PICOS++ modeling. In fact, the density drops at the target during ICH in Proto-MPEX/MPEX to conserve the flux and to compensate for the increased flow during ICH. Furthermore, sensitivity scans of various plasma parameters with respect to ICH power are performed for MPEX to investigate its role on plasma transport and particle and energy fluxes at the target.
Ion source and LEBT of KAHVELab proton beamline
Authors: Adıgüzel A. , Açıksöz S. , Çağlar A. , Çetinkaya H. , Esen Ş. , Halis D. , Hamparsunoğlu A. , İlhan T.B. , Kılıçgedik A. , Koçer O. , Oğur S. , Öz S. , Özbey A. , Özcan V.E. , Ünel N.G.
Published: January 2023

The KAHVE Laboratory, at Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
is home to an educational proton linac project. The proton beam will
originate from a 20 keV H+ source and will be delivered to a two
module Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) operating at 800 MHz via a
low energy beam transport (LEBT) line. Currently, the design phase
being over, commissioning and stability tests are ongoing for the
proton beamline which is already produced and installed except the RFQ
which is being manufactured. This work summarizes the design,
production and test phases of the ion source and LEBT line components.
The impact of different CO2 and ODS levels on the mean state and variability of the springtime Arctic stratosphere
Authors: Kult-Herdin Jessica , Sukhodolov Timofei , Chiodo Gabriel , Checa-Garcia Ramiro , Rieder Harald E
Published: January 2023

Rising greenhouse gases (GHG) and decreasing anthropogenic ozone-depleting substances (ODS) are the main drivers of the stratospheric climate evolution in the 21st century. However, the coupling between stratospheric composition, radiation and dynamics is subject to many uncertainties, which is partly because of the simplistic representation of ozone (O3) in many current climate models. Changes in ozone due to heterogeneous chemistry are known to be the largest during springtime in the Arctic, which is also a season with very active stratosphere–troposphere coupling. The focus of this study is to investigate the role of varying ozone levels driven by changing GHG and ODS for the Arctic polar cap stratosphere. We use two state-of-the-art chemistry-climate models with ocean coupling in two configurations (prescribed ozone fields vs. interactive ozone chemistry) for three different scenarios: preindustrial conditions—1 × CO2, year 2000 conditions (peak anthropogenic ODS levels) and extreme future conditions—4 × CO2. Our results show that in the upper and middle stratosphere CO2 thermal cooling is the dominant effect determining the temperature response under 4 × CO2, and outweighs warming effects of ozone by about a factor of ten. In contrast, in the lower stratosphere, the effects of O3 warming and CO2 cooling under 4 × CO2 are largely offsetting each other. ODS driven variations in O3 affect both the temperature mean and variability, and are responsible for the tight springtime coupling between composition and dynamics under year 2000 conditions in comparison to simulations under 1 × CO2 or 4 × CO2.
Whitham modulation theory for the defocusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation in two and three spatial dimensions
Authors: Abeya Asela , Biondini Gino , Hoefer Mark A
Published: January 2023

The Whitham modulation equations for the defocusing nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation in two, three and higher spatial dimensions are derived using a two-phase ansatz for the periodic traveling wave solutions and by period-averaging the conservation laws of the NLS equation. The resulting Whitham modulation equations are written in vector form, which allows one to show that they preserve the rotational invariance of the NLS equation, as well as the invariance with respect to scaling and Galilean transformations, and to immediately generalize the calculations from two spatial dimensions to three. The transformation to Riemann-type variables is described in detail; the harmonic and soliton limits of the Whitham modulation equations are explicitly written down; and the reduction of the Whitham equations to those for the radial NLS equation is explicitly carried out. Finally, the extension of the theory to higher spatial dimensions is briefly outlined. The multidimensional NLS-Whitham equations obtained here may be used to study large amplitude wavetrains in a variety of applications including nonlinear photonics and matter waves.
On the Majorana representation of the optical Dirac equation
Authors: Dennis Mark R , Tijssen Teuntje , Morgan Michael A
Published: January 2023

We consider the representations of the optical Dirac equation, especially ones where the Hamiltonian is purely real-valued. This is equivalent, for Maxwell’s equations, to the Majorana representation of the massless Dirac (Weyl) equation. We draw analogies between the Dirac, chiral and Majorana representations of the Dirac and optical Dirac equations, and derive two new optical Majorana representations. Just as the Dirac and chiral representations are related to optical spin and helicity states, these Majorana representations of the optical Dirac equation are associated with the linear polarization of light. This provides a means to compare electron and electromagnetic wave equations in the context of classical field theory.
How Effective are Current Joint Working Practices between Children and Family Social Workers and Mental Health Care Coordinators, in Supporting Families in which there is a Primary Care-giver, with a Diagnosis of Emotionally Unstable Personality Disorder?
Authors: Martins Lauren , Tucker Laura A
Published: January 2023

Emotionally Unstable Personality Disorder (EUPD) is a complex and often stigmatising diagnosis. Although falling under the remit of mental health services, it is not always seen as a mental health need, and research suggests that if parents or carers are not provided with more holistic support, parental mental health will deteriorate with children likely to have poorer outcomes, placing them at an increased risk of harm. This likelihood of harm increases with compounding factors such as substance misuse and domestic abuse. One organisation alone cannot effectively address the complex difficulties that people with this diagnosis may experience, thus inter-agency working is necessary. This article explores the barriers and facilitators to inter-agency working to support parental care-givers with a diagnosis of EUPD between Children’s Social Care and a Community Mental Health Team within the same English area. Five mental health care coordinators and two children and families’ social workers who had experience working with this client group were interviewed. Participants identified the challenges and benefits of working with their partner agency around communication, knowledge, stigmatisation and resources. The research provides suggestions to develop current inter-agency working relationships and to enhance care and support available to people experiencing the diagnosis.
Poor availability in Ireland of hats meeting sun-protective standards
Authors: Leahy Marion , Griffin Laoise , Harrington Robert , Laing Mary E
Published: January 2023

Hats aid in reducing exposure to both direct and diffuse ultraviolet light, but hats are of mixed styles and the resultant sun-protection value is variable. Adult male patients have higher rates of skin cancer, especially of the head and neck, than other subgroups. The UK and Australia have set standards for what constitutes a sunhat, whereas no such standard exists in Ireland. We explored adult male sunhats for sale during the summer in a single urban region in the west of Ireland. All the hats available were compared with the UK standard, BS 8466:2006. Almost 90% of the hats available did not meet this standard and thus did not offer adequate sun protection. Ireland requires legislation on what constitutes a sun-hat and more availability and visibility of such hats for men to encourage the use of hats for photoprotection.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Viremia in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): Should We Treat the CMV? or the HIV? or Both?
Authors: Levi Laura I , Molina Jean-Michel
Published: January 2023

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia in persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reflects the level of immunodeficiency. In the absence of CMV end-organ disease, early start of effective antiretroviral therapy is the only treatment required and is most often sufficient to control CMV replication.
Weaponised Artificial Intelligence and Chinese Practices of Human–Machine Interaction
Authors: Qiao-Franco Guangyu , Bode Ingvild
Published: January 2023

Weaponised artificial intelligence (AI) and the prospective development of lethal autonomous weapon systems (LAWS) are topics that have sparked international debate on retaining human control over the use of force. This article unpacks China’s understanding of human–machine interaction to find that it encompasses many shades of grey. Specifically, despite repeatedly supporting a legal ban on LAWS, China simultaneously promotes a narrow understanding of these systems that intends to exclude such systems from what it deems “beneficial” uses of AI. We offer understandings of this ambivalent position by investigating how it is constituted through Chinese actors’ competing practices in the areas of economy, science and technology, defence, and diplomacy. Such practices produce normative understandings of human control and machine autonomy that pull China’s position on LAWS in different directions. We contribute to the scholarship bounded by norm research and international practice theories in examining how normativity originates in and emerges from diverse domestic contexts within competing practices. We also aim to provide insights into possible approaches whereby to achieve consensus in debates on regulating LAWS, which at the time of writing have reached a stalemate.
Hitting Times of Random Walks on Edge Corona Product Graphs
Authors: Zhu Mingzhe , Xu Wanyue , Li Wei , Zhang Zhongzhi , Kan Haibin
Published: January 2023

Graph products have been extensively applied to model complex networks with striking properties observed in real-world complex systems. In this paper, we study the hitting times for random walks on a class of graphs generated iteratively by edge corona product. We first derive recursive solutions to the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the normalized adjacency matrix associated with the graphs. Based on these results, we further obtain interesting quantities about hitting times of random walks, providing iterative formulas for two-node hitting time, as well as closed-form expressions for the Kemeny’s constant defined as a weighted average of hitting times over all node pairs, as well as the arithmetic mean of hitting times of all pairs of nodes.
Emergency department outcomes for patients experiencing homelessness in England: retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Moss Charlie , Anselmi Laura , Sutton Matt
Published: January 2023

Background

Emergency departments (EDs) are an important point of access to health care for people experiencing homelessness. Evidence suggests that ED attendances by homeless people are more likely to result in leaving the ED without treatment, or dying in the ED. We investigate which diagnoses and patterns of health care use are associated with these (and other) discharge destinations and re-attendance within 7 days among homeless patients.

Methods

We used national hospital data to analyze attendances of all 109 254 people experiencing homelessness who presented at any Type 1 ED in England over 2013–18. We used logistic regression to estimate the association of each outcome with primary diagnosis and patterns of healthcare use.

Results

Compared with patients with no past ED use, patients with a high frequency of past ED use were more likely to leave without treatment and re-attend within 7 days. Patients not registered at a general practice were likelier to leave without treatment or die in the ED and had lower odds of unplanned re-attendance. A primary diagnosis of ‘social problems’ was associated with being discharged without follow-up. Patients with a psychiatric primary diagnosis were disproportionately likely to be referred to another health care professional/provider or an outpatient clinic.

Conclusions

Further research is needed to understand why some homeless patients leave the ED without treatment and whether their healthcare needs are being met. Some patients may be attending the ED frequently due to poor access to other services, such as primary care and social welfare.
Strong evidence for positive and negative correlational selection revealed by recreating ancestral variation
Authors: Waterman Robin , Sahli Heather , Koelling Vanessa A , Karoly Keith , Conner Jeffrey K
Published: January 2023

The study of adaptation helps explain biodiversity and predict future evolution. Yet the process of adaptation can be difficult to observe due to limited phenotypic variation in contemporary populations. Furthermore, the scarcity of male fitness estimates has made it difficult to both understand adaptation and evaluate sexual conflict hypotheses. We addressed both issues in our study of two anther position traits in wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum): anther exsertion (long filament − corolla tube lengths) and anther separation (long − short filament lengths). These traits affect pollination efficiency and are particularly interesting due to the unusually high correlations among their component traits. We measured selection through male and female fitness on wild radish plants from populations artificially selected to recreate ancestral variation in each anther trait. We found little evidence for conflicts between male and female function. We found strong evidence for stabilizing selection on anther exsertion and disruptive selection on anther separation, indicating positive and negative correlational selection on the component traits. Intermediate levels of exsertion are likely an adaptation to best contact small bees. The function of anther separation is less clear, but future studies might investigate pollen placement on pollinators and compare species possessing multiple stamen types.
Sustainable development in general practice
Authors: Legrand Julie , Aubin-Auger Isabelle , De Bary Louise , Fossembas Élodie , Baruch Dan , Malmartel Alexandre
Published: January 2023

Background

As health care accounts for 4–5% of global carbon emissions, many health organisations have called for implementing sustainable development actions in health care. However, sustainable development measures in general practice are rarely implemented by physicians. The aim of this study was to explore the practices of general practitioners (GPs) in terms of sustainable development to identify which actions are appropriate and achievable.

Methods

A qualitative study was conducted in 12 French GPs using face-to-face or telephone interviews, transcribed verbatim and analysed through a global inductive analysis with constant comparison. Semi-structured interviews were focussed on waste management, relationships between health professionals, sustainable development, and GPs’ activity.

Results

The mean age of the GPs was 42.8 years and they mainly worked in an urban environment. The interviews highlighted 4 themes. It appeared that a balance needs to be found between the environmental impact and the constraints related to medical care. To be able to think about integrating sustainable development into health care, GPs should make a personal commitment to change their routine. In practice, consumption should be reassessed, prescriptions and prevention reconsidered. These actions could be applied to the GPs’ environment as role models for their patients, business leaders, and members of the healthcare system.

Conclusion

GPs felt concerned by sustainable development and were already involved in its implementation in their practice. Tools are available to help GPs to continue to implement their actions described in this article, but their impact remains to be investigated.
Contemporary Values Encounter Classic Illustrations in Rebecca Solnit’s Cinderella Liberator (2019)
Authors: Oancea Ana
Published: January 2023

Rebecca Solnit’s retelling of ‘Cinderella’ in Cinderella Liberator (2019) transforms the fairy tale by infusing a slew of modern ideas into its ‘once upon a time’. Cinderella becomes an independent, active, empowered heroine not only freed from servitude, but able to liberate others in her community from oppression. While the rewriting targets the morals and values of traditional ‘Cinderella’ texts, it is anchored in a specific version of the tale. Cinderella Liberator reuses illustrations Arthur Rackham produced for a 1919 Cinderella gift book by C. S. Evans. This article analyses the interplay of text and image in Cinderella Liberator to establish how the particularities of the Evans/Rackham version inflect the adaptation’s wider discourse on the Cinderella narrative. It focuses on images correlated with the fairy tale’s reassessment of the value and significance of work, the separation of social classes and of external appearance as an indication of moral values.
Polymorphic justice and the crisis of international order
Authors: Reus-Smit Christian , Zarakol Ayşe
Published: January 2023

The post-1945 international order is in crisis, spurring a wide-ranging debate about its future in a period of rapid global change. A critical dimension of this crisis has been neglected by existing perspectives, however. At multiple levels the post-1945 international order is being challenged by claims of justice. Diverse actors criticize the order for its economic inequalities, social hierarchies, institutional unfairness, intergenerational inequities, and historical and epistemic injustices. This article, which serves as an introduction to a special section on ‘Injustice and the crisis of international order’ seeks to map and explicate this polymorphic politics of global justice. We begin by reviewing past debates about justice and order in world politics, highlighting their narrow and over-stylized engagement with justice politics. To fill this gap, we develop a typology of contemporary justice claims, differentiating between recognitional, institutional, distributive, historical and epistemic, and intergenerational claims. Our goal is not only to distinguish these distinct kinds of justice claims, however. We argue that justice claims are also intersectional, multiscalar and multivocal, with significant implications for how the relationship between justice and order is managed in contemporary world politics.
Hegemonic world orders, distributional (in)justice and global social change
Authors: Karataşlı Şahan Savaş
Published: January 2023

Focusing on the relationship between distributional justice and hegemonic world orders, this article turns attention to a fundamental contradiction in historical capitalism between profitability and legitimacy that manifests itself in successive creative destructions of hegemonic orders. Through a comparative–historical analysis of world hegemonies, I show that increasing distributional injustices during periods of ‘legitimacy crisis’ compel new hegemonic powers to pragmatically address some of these injustices as a part of their hegemony-building strategies. Despite growing efforts by world hegemonic powers to address such distributional injustices, social and global inequalities in the capitalist world-economy tend to increase over time. As social and global inequalities increase, new hegemonic powers are compelled to make greater promises and to undertake much greater efforts to address distributional injustices in order to gain intellectual and moral leadership in an emergent new world order. Yet, none of these efforts become successful in the long run because even the partial successes of redistribution policies pave the way for ‘profitability crises’ and undermined world hegemonies. This dynamic poses several challenges to achieving global distributional justice in an emergent new capitalist world order.
Temperature analysis of aortic repair with hypothermic circulatory arrest to quantify the injury by cooling
Authors: Sato Hiroshi , Iba Yutaka , Kawaharada Nobuyoshi , Fukada Joji , Iwashiro Yuu , Tsushima Shingo , Hosaka Itaru , Okawa Akihito , Shibata Tsuyoshi , Nakazawa Jyunji , Nakajima Tomohiro , Hasegawa Takeo , Tamiya Yukihiko
Published: January 2023

OBJECTIVES

We analyzed the temperature in proximal aortic repair with moderate hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA) and evaluated the effect of the cooling status on postoperative outcomes.

METHODS

A total of 340 patients who underwent elective ascending aortic replacement or total arch replacement with moderate HCA from December 2006 to January 2021 were studied. The change in body temperature trends recorded during surgery was shown graphically. Several parameters, such as the nadir temperature, cooling speed and the degree of cooling (cooling area), which was the area under curve of inverted temperature trends from cooling to rewarming as calculated by the integral method, were analyzed. The relationships between these variables and a major adverse outcome (MAO) postoperatively defined as prolonged ventilation (>72 h), acute renal failure, stroke, reoperation for bleeding, deep sternal wound infection or in-hospital death were evaluated.

RESULTS

An MAO was observed in 68 patients (20%). The cooling area was larger in the MAO group than in the non-MAO group (1668.7 vs 1383.2°C min; P < 0.0001). A multivariate logistic model showed that old myocardial infarction, peripheral vascular disease, chronic renal dysfunction, cardiopulmonary bypass time and the cooling area were independent risk factors for an MAO (odds ratio = 1.1 per 100°C min; P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

The cooling area, which indicates the degree of cooling, shows a significant relationship with an MAO after aortic repair. This finding indicates that the cooling status with HCA can affect clinical outcomes.
Intraosseous hibernoma in the rib
Authors: Song Minglei , Liu Hui , Zhang Lingling , Gao Liping
Published: January 2023

A 64-year-old man was admitted with paroxysmal left-side thoracic pain. CT scan showed an irregular appearance, expansile, osteolytic lesion of the left seventh rib. Wide en bloc excision of the tumour was performed. Macroscopic examination showed that a 3.5 cm × 3.0 cm × 3.0 cm solid lesion with destruction of bone. Histological examination showed that the tumour cells were arranged in plate shaped and interspersed between the bone trabeculae. Mature adipocytes were noted in the tumour tissues. The immunohistochemical stainings showed that the vacuolated cells were positive for S-100 protein and negative for CD68 and CD34. These clinicopathological features were consistent with intraosseous hibernoma.
How Social Media Influencers Impact Consumer Collectives: An Embeddedness Perspective
Authors: Mardon Rebecca , Cocker Hayley , Daunt Kate
Published: January 2023

Research has documented the emergence of embedded entrepreneurs within consumer collectives. This phenomenon is increasingly prevalent as social media enables ordinary consumers to become social media influencers (SMIs), a distinct form of embedded entrepreneur. Whilst research has considered the implications of embeddedness for embedded entrepreneurs themselves, we lack insight into embedded entrepreneurship’s impact on consumer collectives. To address this gap, we draw from a longitudinal, qualitative study of the YouTube beauty community, where SMIs are pervasive. Informed by interactionist role theory, we document the Polanyian “double movement” prompted by the emergence of SMIs within the community. We demonstrate that the economy within the community was initially highly embedded, constrained by behavioral norms linked to established social roles. SMIs’ attempts to disembed the economy created dysfunctional role dynamics that reduced the benefits of participation for non-entrepreneurial community members. This prompted a countermovement whereby SMIs and their followers attempted to re-embed SMIs’ economic activity via role negotiation strategies. Our analysis sheds new light on the negative implications of embedded entrepreneurship for non-entrepreneurial members of consumer collectives, highlights the role of social media platforms in negotiations of embeddedness, and advances wider conversations surrounding the evolution of consumer collectives and the impact of SMIs.
Supporting the Transition to Climate-Neutral Production: An Evaluation Under the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures
Authors: Ismer Roland , van Asselt Harro , Haverkamp Jennifer , Mehling Michael , Neuhoff Karsten , Pirlot Alice
Published: January 2023

To reach climate neutrality, carbon emissions from the production of basic materials need to be curtailed. When governments encourage this transition by adopting support measures, the measures must comply with the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures. This article analyzes three selected support schemes under the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures: (i) free allocation under emissions trading systems to operators of installations at risk of carbon leakage; (ii) the combination of a charge on carbon-intensive materials with free allocation; and (iii) carbon contracts for difference, under which governments cover the incremental costs of climate-neutral production processes relative to conventional processes. The analysis reveals that the current regime of free allocation is vulnerable to challenges under the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures. By contrast, the combination of free allocation and a charge on carbon-intensive materials would ensure consistent carbon pricing and thus would not amount to a subsidy under the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures. In a similar vein, the carbon contracts for difference could be designed so that they would not confer a benefit and hence not constitute a subsidy.
Modifiers of radiation effects on breast cancer incidence revealed by a reanalysis of archival data of rat experiments
Authors: Imaoka Tatsuhiko , Nishimura Mayumi , Daino Kazuhiro , Kakinuma Shizuko
Published: January 2023

Cancer risk after exposure to ionizing radiation can vary between individuals and populations, but the impact of factors governing those variations is not well understood. We previously conducted a series of carcinogenesis experiments using a rat model of breast cancer, in which 1654 rats born in 2002–2012 were exposed to γ rays at various doses and ages with or without non-radiation factors including high-fat diet, parity and chemical carcinogens. We herein reanalyze the incidence data from these archival experiments to clarify the effect of age at exposure, attained age, radiation dose and non-radiation factors (i.e. fat, parity, chemicals and birth cohorts) on radiation-related mammary cancer incidence. The analysis used excess relative risk (ERR) and excess absolute risk (EAR) models as well as generalized interaction models. Age-at-exposure dependence displayed a peak of susceptibility at puberty in both the ERR and EAR models. Attained age decreased ERR and increased EAR per unit radiation dose. The dose response was concordant with a linear model. Dietary fat exhibited a supra-multiplicative interaction, chemicals represented a multiplicative interaction, and parity and birth cohorts displayed interactions that did not significantly depart from additivity or multiplicativity. Treated as one entity, the four non-radiation factors gave a multiplicative interaction, but separation of the four factors significantly improved the fit of the model. Thus, the present study supports age and dose dependence observed in epidemiology, indicates heterogenous interactions between radiation and various non-radiation factors, and suggests the potential use of more flexible interaction modeling in radiological protection.
Analysis of the relationship between LET, γH2AX foci volume and cell killing effect of carbon ions using high-resolution imaging technology
Authors: Oike Takahiro , Kakoti Sangeeta , Sakai Makoto , Matsumura Akihiko , Ohno Tatsuya , Shibata Atsushi
Published: January 2023

The strong cell killing effect of high linear energy transfer (LET) carbon ions is dependent on lethal DNA damage. Our recent studies suggest that induction of clusters of double-strand breaks (DSBs) in close proximity is one of the potential mechanisms. However, the relationship between LET, the degree of DSB clustering and the cell killing effect of carbon ions remains unclear. Here, we used high-resolution imaging technology to analyze the volume of γH2AX foci induced by monoenergetic carbon ions with a clinically-relevant range of LET (13–100 keV/μm). We obtained data from 3317 γH2AX foci and used a gaussian function to approximate the probability (p) that 1 Gy-carbon ions induce γH2AX foci of a given volume (vth) or greater per nucleus. Cell killing effects were assessed in clonogenic assays. The cell killing effect showed high concordance with p at vth = 0.7 μm3 across various LET values; the difference between the two was 4.7% ± 2.2%. This relationship was also true for clinical carbon ion beams harboring a mixed LET profile throughout a spread-out Bragg peak width (30–120 mm), with the difference at vth = 0.7 μm3 being 1.6% ± 1.2% when a Monte Carlo simulation-derived dose-averaged LET was used to calculate p. These data indicate that the cell killing effect of carbon ions is predictable by the ability of carbon ions to induce γH2AX foci containing clustered DSBs, which is linked to LET, providing the biological basis for LET modulation in the planning of carbon ion radiotherapy.
Psychographic profiling — a method for developing relatable avatars for a direct-to-consumer mobile game for adolescent girls on mobile in India
Authors: Raj Aparna , Quilter Isabel , Ashby Elizabeth , Dixit Anvita , Howard Susan
Published: January 2023

This research aimed to conduct psychographic profiling for developing a direct-to-consumer mobile game targeting the sexual and reproductive health of adolescent girls in India. We used semi-structured tools to collect information on role models, family, education, dreams, fears and decision-making power. We also presented visual stimuli to the participants (Indian girls; age: 15–19 years; N = 103). Responding to the stimuli, the participants expressed their perceptions of social norms, moral standards, obligations and aspirations. We carried out thematic analysis using predetermined codes and did an inductive analysis to identify emergent profiles. Analysis revealed seven primary themes that influence the participants’ aspirations, decisions and agency: (i) clarity regarding career goals, (ii) information about the pathways to reach those goals, (iii) efforts toward achieving goals, (iv) clarity about priorities, (v) parental support, (vi) ability and willingness to negotiate and (vii) social mobility. Based on combinations of these themes, four predominant personas emerged as descriptive categories of girls’ lives and attitudes. These four profiles will form the basis of Game of Choice, Not Chance™ game: informing the scenarios, in-game decisions and relatable content. This study represents a novel approach to research for an equally innovative game for agency building and health awareness among adolescents.