bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Focusability of coherently combined beams propagating downwards in the turbulent atmosphere
Authors: Zhang Zhixiang , Chang Hao , Ji Xiaoling
Published: October 2023

The focusability of coherently combined beams (CCBs) propagating from orbit through the turbulent atmosphere to the ground is studied, where the diffraction, self-focusing and turbulence effects are considered. It is shown that the spot size on the ground of CCBs is much smaller than that of incoherently combined beams (ICBs). The analytical expression of the B integral of CCBs propagating in the turbulent atmosphere is derived, and an effective design rule for the CCB power transportation without filamentation is presented. It is found that the focusability of CCBs propagating in the turbulent atmosphere can be improved by the gradient power distribution method, and the spot size on the ground can always be reduced below the diffraction limit. Furthermore, the optimal gradient power distribution to reach the highest focusability on the ground without filamentation is presented.
Three-dimensional computer-generated holography based on the hybrid iterative angular spectrum algorithm
Authors: Zhai Zhongsheng , Li Qinyang , Xiong Zhi , Feng Wei , Lv Qinghua
Published: October 2023

This paper proposes a novel three-dimensional hologram calculation method based on the angular spectrum approach, with the aim of reducing the noise generated during the hologram reconstruction process. The proposed algorithm divides the spatial domain into multiple layers and employs the angular spectrum method to propagate the image between these layers, thus avoiding the paraxial approximation. To enhance the quality of the hologram, an error iteration algorithm is utilized to alleviate the occurrence of aliasing errors when directly superimposing holograms. Moreover, constraint factors are introduced between different layers within the same region to effectively utilize spatial resources for multi-image reconstruction, thereby mitigating the noise caused by inter-layer crosstalk. The feasibility of the proposed method is demonstrated through numerical simulations and optical experiments, highlighting its potential applicability to a wide range of three-dimensional reconstruction algorithms.
Sharp focusing of partially coherent Bessel-correlated beams by a graded-index lens
Authors: Petrov Nikolai I.
Published: October 2023

The nonparaxial focusing of partially coherent Bessel-correlated beams carrying vortices by a graded-index lens is investigated using the decomposition of the incident field into coherent modes and the quantum mechanical operator method. The influence of the coherence state and the incident beam aperture on tight focusing is analyzed. Our results show that a partially coherent Bessel-correlated beam can be focused into a spot of smaller size than coherent light.
Terawatt-level 2.4-µm pulses based on Cr:ZnS chirped pulse amplification
Authors: Lu Xiaoming , Wang Xinliang , Fan Jintai , Xu Rongjie , Chen Junchi , Zhang Long , Leng Yuxin
Published: October 2023

Chromium-doped chalcogenides, with broad and high emission
cross-sections near 2.4 µm, are very suitable for
generating high-peak-power pulses in the short-wave infrared range. In
this Letter, we demonstrate a TW-level system with a repetition rate
of 1 Hz by using Cr:ZnS as the gain medium. The seed pulse was
amplified to over 200 mJ via two stages of amplification. To
achieve the optimized amplified output, we combined Cr:ZnS elements to
absorb more pump energy and used the ink-cladding technique to
suppress the transverse parasitic lasing inside the Cr:ZnS elements.
After compression, we obtained a 147.1-mJ pulse with a duration of
127.6 fs, corresponding to a peak power output of
0.95 TW.
Single-shot 3x3 Mueller matrix microscopy with color polarization encoding
Authors: Fernández Ariel , demczylo Roman
Published: October 2023

Snapshot retrieval of linear Stokes parameters in polarized light microscopy has benefited from recent advances in nanotechnology which have made polarization
image sensors commercially available. Real-time retrieval of 3x3 Mueller matrix is however limited by the need of time sequential change of polarization states in the input.
In the present letter we propose a cost-effective technique for real-time retrieval of 3x3 Mueller matrix by encoding linear polarization states in each of the three color channels of the source and analyzing light passing through the sample by means of a color polarization sensor placed in the imaging plane of a transmission microscope. Validation experiments for samples under real-time imaging conditions are presented. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on snapshot 3x3 Mueller matrix elements retrieval in polarized light microscopy by combining Division of Focal Plane color polarimetric sensing and polarization color encoding of the source.
Simplified Design Method for Imaging Systems Based on Optical-Digital Joint Optimization
Authors: Wang Yuanhang , Zhong Xing , Qu Zheng , Gao Qixiang , Li Lei , Zeng Chaoli
Published: October 2023

With the continuous improvement of imaging performance requirements, the design of imaging systems tends to become more complex, making it more difficult and expensive to manufacture and test. To overcome these problems, a simplified design framework for imaging systems based on optical-digital joint optimization is built in this paper. Specifically, this paper proposes a modified total variation (TV) regularization image recovery algorithm combined with the traditional optimization method for jointly correct the aberration and simplify the optical system by relaxing the configuration constraints under the guarantee of the imaging performance. To demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of the method, three design examples are provided, where the structural similarity (SSIM) of the simulation imaging results is on the same level as the initial system, with a maximum error of no more than 0.04. The simulation results demonstrate that our design method can effectively simplify the optical structure of imaging systems while maintaining the high performance.
The seroincidence of childhood Shigella sonnei infection in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Authors: Jones Nick K. , Thu Trang Nguyen Hoang , de Alwis Ruklanthi , Thompson Corinne , Tuyen Ha Thanh , Nhu Tran Do Hoang , Phat Voong Vinh , Trung Pham Duc , Lam Phung Khanh , Tien Bui Thi Thuy , Tuyet Hoang Thi Diem , Vi Lu Lan , Van Vinh Chau Nguyen , Le Thi Quynh Nhi , Baker Stephen
Published: October 2023

Background

Shigella sonnei is a pathogen of growing global importance as a cause of diarrhoeal illness in childhood, particularly in transitional low-middle income countries (LMICs). Here, we sought to determine the incidence of childhood exposure to S. sonnei infection in a contemporary transitional LMIC population, where it represents the dominant Shigella species.

Methods

Participants were enrolled between the age of 12–36 months between June and December 2014. Baseline characteristics were obtained through standardized electronic questionnaires, and serum samples were collected at 6-month intervals over two years of follow-up. IgG antibody against S. sonnei O-antigen (anti-O) was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A four-fold increase in ELISA units (EU) with convalescent IgG titre >10.3 EU was taken as evidence of seroconversion between timepoints.

Results

A total of 3,498 serum samples were collected from 748 participants; 3,170 from the 634 participants that completed follow-up. Measures of anti-O IgG varied significantly by calendar month (p = 0.03). Estimated S. sonnei seroincidence was 21,451 infections per 100,000 population per year (95% CI 19,307–23,834), with peak incidence occurring at 12–18 months of age. Three baseline factors were independently associated with the likelihood of seroconversion; ever having breastfed (aOR 2.54, CI 1.22–5.26), history of prior hospital admission (aOR 0.57, CI 0.34–0.95), and use of a toilet spray-wash in the household (aOR 0.42, CI 0.20–0.89).

Conclusions

Incidence of S. sonnei exposure in Ho Chi Minh City is substantial, with significant reduction in the likelihood of exposure as age increases beyond 2 years.
Emotion regulation and cognitive function as mediating factors for the association between lifetime abuse and risky behaviors in women of color
Authors: Villalba Karina , Domenico Lisa H. , Cook Robert L. , O’Connor Julia , Michael-Samaroo Kyndester , Espejo Maria Jose Del Pino , Martin Pilar , Dévieux Jessy G.
Published: October 2023

Background

The relationship between lifetime abuse (i.e., childhood abuse, intimate partner violence) and risky behaviors is well established. One proposed mechanism is poor emotion regulation and executive functioning, as a potential mechanism that may explain the relationship between lifetime abuse and risky behaviors. However, research on executive functioning and emotion regulation as mediators of this relationship has been limited. In the present study, we examined this association. We hypothesized that lifetime abuse would be significantly associated with executive function and emotion regulation which in turn would be associated with greater alcohol use and risky sex.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included 150 women with a history of lifetime abuse who were assessed for hazardous alcohol use using the AUDIT Score; emotion regulation was measured using the Difficulties with Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS); risky sex was measured using the question: "in the last 90 days, how many people did you have anal or vaginal sex without using a condom? Executive function was assessed using the NIH Toolbox.

Results

The mediation model followed the self-regulation theory, which proposes executive function as the higher-order cognitive process. Results showed that executive function deficit and poor emotion regulation significantly mediated the relationship between lifetime abuse and hazardous alcohol use (indirect effect = .097, SE .031, 95% CI = .035 to .158).

Conclusion

Our findings suggest a higher-order cognitive process with executive function promoting emotion regulation as a potential mechanism for alcohol problems in women of color who experienced lifetime abuse.
Environmental DNA metabarcoding of water samples as a tool for monitoring Iberian freshwater fish composition
Authors: Corral-Lou Andrea , Doadrio Ignacio
Published: October 2023

Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding has been increasingly used to monitor the community assemblages of a wide variety of organisms. Here, we test the efficacy of eDNA metabarcoding to assess the composition of Iberian freshwater fishes, one of the most endangered groups of vertebrates in Spain. For this purpose, we sampled 12 sampling sites throughout one of Spain’s largest basins, the Duero, which is home to approximately 70% of the genera and 30% of the primary freshwater fish in Spain. We sampled these sampling sites in the summer by using electrofishing, a traditional sampling method, and eDNA metabarcoding of river water samples using the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene (12S) as a marker. We also resampled four of these sampling sites in autumn by eDNA. We compared the results obtained through eDNA metabarcoding with those of electrofishing surveys (ones conducted for the present study and past ones) and assessed the suitability of 12S as an eDNA metabarcoding marker for this group of freshwater fishes. We found that the 12S fragment, analysed for 25 Iberian species, showed sufficient taxonomic resolution to be useful for eDNA approaches, and even showed population-level differences in the studied populations across the tissue samples for Achondrostoma arcasii. In most cases, a greater number of species was detected through eDNA metabarcoding than through electrofishing. Based on our results, eDNA metabarcoding is a powerful tool to study the freshwater fish composition in the Iberian Peninsula and to unmask cryptic diversity. However, we highlight the need to generate a local genetic database for 12S gene for such studies and to interpret the results with caution when studying only mitochondrial DNA. Finally, our survey shows that the high detection sensitivity of eDNA metabarcoding and the non-invasiveness of this method allows it to act as a detection system for species of low abundance, such as early invasive species or species in population decline, two key aspects of conservation management of Spanish freshwater fishes.
Impact of workplace bullying on work engagement among early career employees
Authors: Javed Iqra , Niazi Amna , Nawaz Sadia , Ali Muhammad , Hussain Mujahid
Published: October 2023

This study aims to measure the impact of workplace bullying on work engagement in terms of employee silence and knowledge sharing. It also helps to explain how psychological contract breach moderates the bullying-silence relationship. For this study, data is collected from 384 early-career employees having experience up to three years from seven banks of Lahore, Pakistan. Findings of this study reveals that workplace bullying has a positive relationship with employee silence and negative relationship with work engagement. Results of all moderation and mediated variables are significantly related to each other. However, the results explain that a psychological contract breach slightly moderates the bullying-silence relationship. Survey-based questionnaire, cross-sectional research design, and convenience-based sampling technique are some of the limitations of this study. This is the first study that tried to investigate the bullying-engagement relationship among early-career employees in the banking sector of Lahore, Pakistan. This study may help practitioners and policymakers to develop anti-bullying laws that can support the management in overcoming the negative workplace environment. This study aims to promote an equal opportunity for all employees where they can raise their voices about misconduct. This is the first study that investigated the victimization of bullying behavior among early-career employees in a Pakistani cultural context.
Barriers and facilitators to health during prison reentry to Miami, FL
Authors: Mohammad Sofia , Bahrani Ahzin , Kim Minji , Nowotny Kathryn M.
Published: October 2023

Background

People face numerous barriers to reentry and community integration following incarceration, and these obstacles manifest themselves as barriers to economic stability, housing security, healthcare, community acceptance, and educational attainment, ultimately leading to poor health. This study aims to understand healthcare needs of reentrants post release within the unique political and service context of Miami Dade County, FL, and seeks to uncover the structural facilitators and barriers to sustaining health during reentry.

Methods

We report on a subset of data from a larger reentry asset mapping project. We conducted a qualitative thematic analysis based on 12 semi-structured interviews with community stakeholders, including reentrants who were released in the past year (n = 5) and with community providers who have provided support services to returning citizens for at least one year (n = 7). Narratives were coded through an iterative process using NVivo software and were analyzed using the general inductive approach.

Results

Three themes emerged from the analysis: (1) social and structural barriers and facilitators to health during reentry, (2) challenges with medical care following release, and (3) long-term impacts of receiving poor healthcare in prison. Reentrants describe the carceral environment as non-conducive to health and cite an urgent need for systemic change within correctional institutions to promote their well-being. Respondents identified substance use disorder (SUD) treatment, trauma informed therapy, and chronic disease management as the primary healthcare needs of reentrants, and cite social support, stable housing, education, and employment as the key social and structural needs upon release.

Conclusion

This study identifies prevalent resource gaps in Miami Dade County during reentry. Respondents advocate for more inclusive governmental housing programs, Medicaid expansion, and more holistic reentry programs to support reentrants. Understanding the barriers and facilitators to health during reentry can inform future interventions to better support reentrants in their transition post-incarceration.
Molecular classification of human papilloma virus-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinomas: Cell cycle-based classifier and prognostic signature
Authors: Gu Hao , Li Tingxuan , Beeraka Narasimha M. , Zheng Yufei , Zhang Xintan , Song Ruixia , Zhou Runze , Wang Xiaoyan , Sukocheva Olga , Fan Ruitai , Liu Junqi
Published: October 2023

The molecular classification of human papillomavirus (HPV)-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) remains questionable. Differentially expressed genes were detected between tumor and normal tissues and GSEA showed they are associated with cell cycle pathways. This study aimed to classify HPV-negative HNSCCs based on cell cycle-related genes. The established gene pattern was correlated with tumor progression, clinical prognosis, and drug treatment efficacy. Biological analysis was performed using HNSCC patient sample data obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC), and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. All samples included in this study contained survival information. RNA sequencing data from 740 samples were used for the analysis. Previously characterized cell cycle-related genes were included for unsupervised consensus clustering. Two subtypes of HPV-negative HNSCCs (C1, C2) were identified. Subtype C1 displayed low cell cycle activity, ‘hot’ tumor microenvironment (TME), earlier N stage, lower pathological grade, better prognosis, and higher response rate to the immunotherapy and targeted therapy. Subtype C2 was associated with higher cell cycle activity, ‘cold’ TME, later N stage, higher pathological grade, worse prognosis, and lower response rate to the treatment. According to the nearest template prediction method, classification rules were established and verified. Our work explored the molecular mechanism of HPV-negative HNSCCs in the view of cell cycle and might provide new sights for personalized anti-cancer treatment.
Evaluating the health and health economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on delayed cancer care in Belgium: A Markov model study protocol
Authors: Khan Yasmine , Verhaeghe Nick , De Pauw Robby , Devleesschauwer Brecht , Gadeyne Sylvie , Gorasso Vanessa , Lievens Yolande , Speybroek Niko , Vandamme Nancy , Vandemaele Miet , Van den Borre Laura , Vandepitte Sophie , Vanthomme Katrien , Verdoodt Freija , De Smedt Delphine
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Cancer causes a substantial burden to our society, both from a health and an economic perspective. To improve cancer patient outcomes and lower society expenses, early diagnosis and timely treatment are essential. The recent COVID-19 crisis has disrupted the care trajectory of cancer patients, which may affect their prognosis in a potentially negative way. The purpose of this paper is to present a flexible decision-analytic Markov model methodology allowing the evaluation of the impact of delayed cancer care caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in Belgium which can be used by researchers to respond to diverse research questions in a variety of disruptive events, contexts and settings.

Methods

A decision-analytic Markov model was developed for 4 selected cancer types (i.e. breast, colorectal, lung, and head and neck), comparing the estimated costs and quality-adjusted life year losses between the pre-COVID-19 situation and the COVID-19 pandemic in Belgium. Input parameters were derived from published studies (transition probabilities, utilities and indirect costs) and administrative databases (epidemiological data and direct medical costs). One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses are proposed to consider uncertainty in the input parameters and to assess the robustness of the model’s results. Scenario analyses are suggested to evaluate methodological and structural assumptions.

Discussion

The results that such decision-analytic Markov model can provide are of interest to decision makers because they help them to effectively allocate resources to improve the health outcomes of cancer patients and to reduce the costs of care for both patients and healthcare systems. Our study provides insights into methodological aspects of conducting a health economic evaluation of cancer care and COVID-19 including insights on cancer type selection, the elaboration of a Markov model, data inputs and analysis.
An improved beluga whale optimizer—Derived Adaptive multi-channel DeepLabv3+ for semantic segmentation of aerial images
Authors: P. Anilkumar , P. Venugopal
Published: October 2023

Semantic segmentation process over Remote Sensing images has been regarded as hot research work. Even though the Remote Sensing images provide many essential features, the sampled images are inconsistent in size. Even if a similar network can segment Remote Sensing images to some extents, segmentation accuracy needs to be improved. General neural networks are used to improve categorization accuracy, but they also caused significant losses to target scale and spatial features, and the traditional common features fusion techniques can only resolve some of the issues. A segmentation network has been designed to resolve the above-mentioned issues as well. With the motive of addressing the difficulties in the existing semantic segmentation techniques for aerial images, the adoption of deep learning techniques is utilized. This model has adopted a new Adaptive Multichannel Deeplabv3+ (AMC-Deeplabv3+) with the help of a new meta-heuristic algorithm called Improved Beluga whale optimization (IBWO). Here, the hyperparameters of Multichannel deeplabv3+ are optimized by the IBWO algorithm. The proposed model significantly enhances the performance of the overall system by measuring the accuracy and dice coefficient. The proposed model attains improved accuracies of 98.65% & 98.72% for dataset 1 and 2 respectively and also achieves the dice coefficient of 98.73% & 98.85% respectively with a computation time of 113.0123 seconds. The evolutional outcomes of the proposed model show significantly better than the state of the art techniques like CNN, MUnet and DFCNN models.
Factors shaping the gender wage gap among college-educated computer science workers
Authors: Sassler Sharon , Meyerhofer Pamela
Published: October 2023

Encouraging women to pursue STEM employment is frequently touted as a means of reducing the gender wage gap. We examine whether the attributes of computer science workers–who account for nearly half of those working in STEM jobs–explain the persistent gender wage gap in computer science, using American Community Survey (ACS) data from 2009 to 2019. Our analysis focuses on working-age respondents between the ages of 22 and 60 who had a college degree and were employed full-time. We use ordinary least squares (OLS) regression of logged wages on observed characteristics, before turning to regression decomposition techniques to estimate what proportion of the gender wage gap would remain if men and women were equally rewarded for the same attributes–such as parenthood or marital status, degree field, or occupation. Women employed in computer science jobs earned about 86.6 cents for every dollar that men earned–a raw gender gap that is smaller than it is for the overall labor force (where it was 82 percent). Controlling for compositional effects (family attributes, degree field and occupation) narrows the gender wage gap, though women continue to earn 9.1 cents per dollar less than their male counterparts. But differential returns to family characteristics and human capital measures account for almost two-thirds of the gender wage gap in computer science jobs. Women working in computer science receive both a marriage and parenthood premium relative to unmarried or childless women, but these are significantly smaller than the bonus that married men and fathers receive over their childless and unmarried peers. Men also receive sizable wage premiums for having STEM degrees in computer science and engineering when they work in computer science jobs, advantages that do not accrue to women. Closing the gender wage gap in computer science requires treating women more like men, not just increasing their representation.
Assessing Brazilian protected areas through social media: Insights from 10 years of public interest and engagement
Authors: Souza Carolina Neves , Almeida João A. G. R. , Correia Ricardo A. , Ladle Richard J. , Carvalho Adriana R. , Malhado Ana C. M.
Published: October 2023

Social media platforms are a valuable source of data for investigating cultural and political trends related to public interest in nature and conservation. Here, we use the micro-blogging social network Twitter to explore trends in public interest in Brazilian protected areas (PAs). We identified ~400,000 Portuguese language tweets pertaining to all categories of Brazilian PAs over a ten-year period (1 January 2011–31 December 2020). We analysed the content of these tweets and calculated metrics of user engagement (likes and retweets) to uncover patterns and drivers of public interest in Brazilian PAs. Our results indicate that users / tweets mentioning PAs remained stable throughout the sample period. However, engagement with tweets grew steeply, particularly from 2018 onward and coinciding with a change in the Brazilian federal government. Furthermore, public interest was not evenly distributed across PAs; while national parks were the subject of the most tweets, mainly related to tourism activities, tweets related to conflicts among park users and managers were more likely to engage Twitter users. Our study highlights that automatic or semi-automatic monitoring of social media content and engagement has great potential as an early warning system to identify emerging conflicts and to generate data and metrics to support PA policy, governance and management.
Whole genome sequencing characteristics of Chlamydia psittaci caprine AMK-16 strain, a promising killed whole cell veterinary vaccine candidate against chlamydia infection
Authors: Feodorova Valentina A. , Zaitsev Sergey S. , Lyapina Anna M. , Kichemazova Natalya V. , Saltykov Yury V. , Khizhnyakova Mariya A. , Evstifeev Vitaliy V. , Larionova Olga S.
Published: October 2023

Chlamydia psittaci is a primary zoonotic pathogen with a broad host range causing severe respiratory and reproductive system infection in animals and humans. To reduce the global burden of C. psittaci-associated diseases on animal welfare and health and to control the pathogen spread in husbandry, effective vaccines based on promising vaccine candidate(s) are required. Recently, the caprine C. psittaci AMK-16 strain (AMK-16) demonstrated a high level of protection (up to 80–100%) in outbred mice and pregnant rabbits immunized with these formaldehyde-inactivated bacteria against experimental chlamydial wild-type infection. This study investigated the molecular characteristics of AMK-16 by whole-genome sequencing followed by molecular typing, phylogenetic analysis and detection of main immunodominant protein(s) eliciting the immune response in mouse model. Similarly to other C. psittaci, AMK-16 harbored an extrachromosomal plasmid. The whole-genome phylogenetic analysis proved that AMK-16 strain belonging to ST28 clustered with only C. psittaci but not with Chlamydia abortus strains. However, AMK-16 possessed the insert which resulted from the recombination event as the additional single chromosome region of a 23,100 bp size with higher homology to C. abortus (98.38–99.94%) rather than to C. psittaci (92.06–92.55%). At least six of 16 CDSs were absent in AMK-16 plasticity zone and 41 CDSs in other loci compared with the reference C. psittaci 6BC strain. Two SNPs identified in the AMK-16 ompA sequence resulted in MOMP polymorphism followed by the formation of a novel genotype/subtype including three other C. psittaci strains else. AMK-16 MOMP provided marked specific cellular and humoral immune response in 100% of mice immunized with the inactivated AMK-16 bacteria. Both DnaK and GrpE encoded by the recombination region genes were less immunoreactive, inducing only a negligible T-cell murine immune response, while homologous antibodies could be detected in 50% and 30% of immunized mice, respectively. Thus, AMK-16 could be a promising vaccine candidate for the development of a killed whole cell vaccine against chlamydiosis in livestock.
Pengembangan Buku Teks bermuatan Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) pada materi Gugus Fungsi
Authors: Kamaludin Agus , Ismiatun
Published: October 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk pengembangan buku teks bermuatan Higher Order Thinking Skill (HOTS) pada materi gugus fungsi. Model pengembangan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan model pengembangan ADDIE yang terdiri dari tahap analyze, design, development, implementation, dan evaluation. Penilaian produk dilakukan oleh satu ahli materi, satu ahli media, empat guru kimia SMA/MA dan direspon oleh sepuluh siswa. Instrumen penelitian berupa lembar validasi ahli, lembar penilaian kualitas produk dan lembar respon siswa. Produk berupa buku teks bermuatan HOTS pada materi gugus fungsi. Buku teks ini memuat materi gugus fungsi sesuai kompetensi kurikulum 2013 yang dibagi ke dalam 7 subbab yaitu pengertian gugus fungsi, alkohol, eter, aldehid, keton, asam karboksilat, serta ester. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa penilaian oleh ahli materi memperoleh skor rata-rata 45 dari skor maksimal 50 dengan persentase keidealan 90% sehingga termasuk dalam kategori sangat baik (SB). Hasil validasi oleh ahli media memperoleh skor 30 dari skor maksimal 30 dengan persentase keidealan 100% dan termasuk dalam sangat baik (SB). Hasil penilaian dari empat guru kimia SMA/MA memperoleh skor rata-rata 69,5 dari skor maksimal ideal 80 dengan persentase keidealannya 86,86% dan termasuk kategori sangat baik (SB). Buku ini juga direspon positif oleh siswa dengan persentase sebesar 98%.
Important Happenings in Optometry One Hundred Years Ago
Authors: Goss David
Published: October 2023

This paper discusses important events in optometry in 1922 and 1923. Included for 1922 are the First Conference to Establish Standards, a pivotal meeting in the development of optometric education; the founding of the American Academy of Optometry; and the 25th annual meeting of the American Optometric Association (AOA). Events noted for 1923 are Pennsylvania State College of Optometry becoming the first school to grant an OD degree approved by a state legislature; the establishment of the optometry school at the University of California, Berkeley; and the annual AOA meeting.
Israel: A foreign-born optometrist looks back at his American Dream
Authors: Brandes Lynn M.
Published: October 2023

Israel, A Foreign-born Optometrist Looks Back on his American Dream. Israel Dorine. Foreword by Glenn A. Fry. Baltimore, M.D.: Scientific Publishing Company, 1986. vi+139+15 pages. Hardcover.
Regulative raumordnungsbezogene Optionen für eine Beschleunigung (nicht nur) der Energiewende: Ebenen, Verfahrensschritte und Bindungswirkungen
Authors: Von Seht Hauke
Published: October 2023

The urgency of the energy transition is in conflict with delaying effects and options that are not optimally used in the complex, multi-stage German planning system. This also applies to the law and procedures of spatial planning, as well as the interaction of spatial planning with construction planning and sectoral law. Here, fundamental reform options have not yet been exhausted, despite many current legislative projects. Some procedural steps and options for legislative deviations can be eliminated altogether, the interaction of planning and decision-making levels can be made more effective, and subject-related certain hierarchical levels in the planning system could be omitted on a topic-specific basis. Based on a brief analysis of the initial situation for spatial planning, this paper first provides corresponding general considerations on such far-reaching acceleration options and their consequences. This is followed by the presentation of numerous specific spatial planning-related optimisation options.
School Attendance and Absence in England: Working with Data to Inform Policy and Practice Beneficial to Young People
Authors: Griffiths Sara , Franklin Victoria Esme , Heyne David
Published: October 2023

This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the recording, reporting, and use of data pertaining to school attendance and absence in England. To establish a foundation, we outline the educational context in England, alongside an explanation of the legal framework guiding the collection and use of attendance and absence data. Subsequently, we elucidate the definition and documentation of various types of absence in England, the methodologies employed for data collection and dissemination, as well as the utilisation of this data for benchmarking purposes. Notably, attendance serves as a key performance indicator for schools, Trusts, and Local Authorities, aiming to improve the educational outcomes of young people. Through a critical examination of the current policy and practice in England concerning data on school attendance and absence, we identify strengths and weaknesses. Based on our findings, we propose additional actions to improve the consistency of data collection and foster the effective reporting and use of data to support prompt responses as needed. Through these suggestions, our endeavour is to drive continuous improvement and optimise outcomes for young people in England.
Bloodless de-epithelialization in reduction mammoplasty with hydrodissection using a digital automatic anesthesia injector: case series
Authors: Mun Hye Gwang , Kim Yu Jin
Published: October 2023

De-epithelialization is a technique that thins out the epidermis layer of the skin to resurface defects in a cavity or to implant a flap pedicle subcutaneously, preserving the subdermal plexus to support the vascularity of the flap. However, in reduction mammoplasty, de-epithelialization of the pedicle is a time-consuming and tedious step. Although various methods have been proposed to facilitate the completion of this step, a standard has not been established. We used a digital automatic injector that could inject a mixture of lidocaine and epinephrine at a constant, adjustable rate without any special effort. With this method, we could inject local anesthetic into the junction of the epidermis and dermis accurately, which saved time by making dissection easier (hydrodis-section) and decreased bleeding during de-epithelialization. Furthermore, we could use less of the lidocaine and epinephrine mixture, thereby reducing its potential side effects.
Epileptic EEG patterns recognition through machine learning techniques and relevant time–frequency features
Authors: Chaibi Sahbi , Mahjoub Chahira , Ayadi Wadhah , Kachouri Abdennaceur
Published: October 2023

Objectives

The present study is designed to explore the process of epileptic patterns’ automatic detection, specifically, epileptic spikes and high-frequency oscillations (HFOs), via a selection of machine learning (ML) techniques. The primary motivation for conducting such a research lies mainly in the need to investigate the long-term electroencephalography (EEG) recordings’ visual examination process, often considered as a time-consuming and potentially error-prone procedure, requiring a great deal of mental focus and highly experimented neurologists. On attempting to resolve such a challenge, a number of state-of-the-art ML algorithms have been evaluated and compare in terms of performance, to pinpoint the most effective algorithm fit for accurately extracting epileptic EEG patterns.

Content

Based on intracranial as well as simulated EEG data, the attained findings turn out to reveal that the randomforest (RF) method proved to be the most consistently effective approach, significantly outperforming the entirety of examined methods in terms of EEG recordings epileptic-pattern identification. Indeed, the RF classifier appeared to record an average balanced classification rate (BCR) of 92.38 % in regard to spikes recognition process, and 78.77 % in terms of HFOs detection.

Compared to other approaches, our results provide valuable insights into the RF classifier’s effectiveness as a powerful ML technique, fit for detecting EEG signals born epileptic bursts.

Outlook

As a potential future work, we envisage to further validate and sustain our major reached findings through incorporating a larger EEG dataset. We also aim to explore the generative adversarial networks (GANs) application so as to generate synthetic EEG signals or combine signal generation techniques with deep learning approaches. Through this new vein of thought, we actually preconize to enhance and boost the automated detection methods’ performance even more, thereby, noticeably enhancing the epileptic EEG pattern recognition area.
Die Zukunft sozialer Rechte
Authors: van Dyk Silke , Kip Markus
Published: October 2023

In Anbetracht multipler Krisendynamiken wird gegenwärtig um eine Neuausrichtung des Kapitalismus und neue Formen der Marktbegrenzung gerungen. Dabei geht es grundlegend um das Verhältnis von (Privat-)Eigentum, Demokratie und sozialen Rechten. Zugleich bleibt die Eigentumsfrage ein auffälliges Desiderat der Sozialpolitik- und Wohlfahrtsstaatsforschung, die seit Jahrzehnten die Frage der Verteilung gegenüber der Verfügungs- und Gestaltungsmacht priorisiert. Um diese Lücke zu schließen erweist sich die Arbeit des Soziologen Robert Castel als instruktiv, der soziale Rechte als Sozialeigentum der Bürger:innen fasst. Allerdings ist sein Konzept eng mit dem Normalarbeitsverhältnis der fordistischen Wachstumsökonomien verbunden und eigentumstheoretisch nur rudimentär ausgearbeitet. Der Beitrag zielt ausgehend von einer ausführlichen Rekonstruktion darauf, das Konzept des Sozialeigentums analytisch ernst zu nehmen, es mit Blick auf öffentliche Infrastrukturen zu erweitern und sein demokratisches Potenzial zu entfalten.
Distinct Boundaries? Preferences of Immigrants’ Descendants Regarding Partnerships with Recent Refugees from Syria and Afghanistan in Germany
Authors: Kogan Irena , Heyne Stefanie , Kuhlemann Jana , Abdul-Rida Chadi
Published: October 2023

This study examines the preferences of young people from the majority group and minority ethnic groups in Germany regarding partnerships with recent refugees from Syria and Afghanistan. On the basis of a factorial survey experiment implemented in the year 2022 in the 9th wave of the CILS4EU-DE data, we demonstrate that young people in Germany – both with and without migration background – are much less favourable to partnerships with refugees compared to partnerships with native Germans. Of all respondents, young people who either themselves or whose parents come from Turkey are most opposed to partnerships with refugees. Particularly those who tend to extensively consume Turkish media and those who identify more strongly with their origin country are more negative about partnerships with refugees.
(Fehlende) Anwesenheit bei Begutachtungsprozessen: Zum Wandel der sozialen Interaktionen im virtuellen Format
Authors: Paruschke Laura , Barlösius Eva , Philipps Axel
Published: October 2023

Sozial ausgehandelte Interaktionsordnungen bestimmen wesentlich den Ablauf sozialer Situationen. Bei Begutachtungen mit Vor-Ort-Begehungen existieren unterschiedliche soziale Situationen, welche in ihrer Gesamtheit dazu beitragen, formal korrekte und vertretbare Entscheidungen zu produzieren. Doch wie gestalten sich die Interaktionen, wenn Begutachtungsverfahren in die Virtualität überführt werden? Welche Folgen ergeben sich für den Begutachtungsprozess? Anhand von qualitativen Leitfadeninterviews wird die Bedeutung der sozialen Situationen und der ihnen inhärenten Interaktionsordnungen für die Beteiligten von Begutachtungen im präsenten sowie im virtuellen Format anhand zweier Förderprogramme der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass virtuelle Sitzungen die Interaktionsmöglichkeiten unter allen Beteiligten einschränken. Problematisch ist im Besonderen, dass Situationen mit einer situativ geregelten Interaktionsordnung fehlen, denn laut der Beteiligten sind sie essentiell dafür, dass Begutachtungsprozesse reibungslos und so ablaufen, dass alle relevanten Aspekte einbezogen werden können.
Relativistic Ŝ-matrix formulation in one dimension for particles of spin-s (s = 0, 1/2)
Authors: Bourouis Nahla , Khounfais Kamel , Bouatrous Meheiddine
Published: October 2023

In quantum scattering theory, the time evolution of a physical system can be described as a series of unitary transformations. The operator of this transformation will be denoted

S
̂

$\hat{\boldsymbol{S}}$

; the corresponding matrix is the Ŝ-matrix (scattering matrix). This last object contains all the information on the broadcast process associated with the operator

S
̂

$\hat{\boldsymbol{S}}$

The present work has two objectives: To develop the one-dimensional formalism of the scattering matrix of relativistic particles of spin-s (s = 0, 1/2) in the presence of a localized electromagnetic field on the one hand and on the other hand to analyze the solutions of the problem of scattering states of relativistic particles of spin-s in interaction with some localized scalar potentials via the

S

̂

$\hat{S}$

-matrix formalism.
Factors having the most significant impact on university students’ level of financial literacy: Forecasting based on cognitive methodology
Authors:   Omsk State Technical University, Tyumentseva Evgenia Yuryevna , Shamis Vitaliy Aleksandrovich ,   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Omsk branch, Mukhametdinova Svetlana Khamityanovna ,   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Omsk branch
Published: October 2023

Introduction. The authors explore the problem of increasing financial literacy in modern university students based on an analysis of the results of a sociological survey and cognitive modeling tools. The purpose of the study is to identify a set of interrelated factors that have the most significant impact on the level of financial literacy and predict the features of the development of the system. Materials and Methods. During the research, the survey method, mathematical and statistical methods for processing empirical data, expert assessment and computer modeling were used. The methodology of cognitive modeling, founded by R. Axelrod, was used as a methodological basis of the study. In order to identify factors that have the most significant impact on the level of financial literacy, a survey was conducted involving 195 Omsk university students. Based on the results of the survey and expert assessment, a cognitive model of the level of financial literacy was developed and a series of computer experiments were conducted. Results. During the research process, the highest priority topics in the field of financial education were revealed; a set of factors influencing the level of financial literacy was identified, connections between them were determined and an expert assessment of their intensity was carried out; a cognitive model of the level of financial literacy in the form of a weighted directed graph has been developed; a series of computer experiments was conducted and the impact on the target factor of influences of varying intensity exerted on the associated control factors such as, the ability to plan a personal budget, etc. was predicted. Conclusions. The study showed the social significance of increasing the level of financial literacy in university students. The results of the computer modeling made it possible to predict to what extent influences made on control factors can determine the level of financial literacy and to draw conclusions about the highest priority topics. The results obtained can serve as a scientific basis for designing financial literacy courses in modern universities.
Peculiarities of forming preschoolers’ socio-cultural agency as a condition for their cognitive- emotional development in the digital society
Authors:   South Ural State Humanitarian Pedagogical University, Batenova Yulia Valeryevna , Tipushkov Sergey Vladimirovich ,   Municipal educational institution "Secondary school № 44 named after S.F. Baronenko", Filippova Oksana Gennadievna ,   South Ural State Humanitarian Pedagogical University
Published: October 2023

Introduction. The article presents a theoretical review and an experimental study of preschoolers’ cognitive and emotional development in the digital era. The purpose of the research is to identify and clarify the synergetic effect of creating an event–organized educational space for joint activities of children and adults in the implementation of a complex of various types and forms of cultural practices aimed at developing agency and initiative in preschool children within the framework of socially transformative activities in digital society. Materials and Methods. The study follows the basic principles of the synergetic approach. In order to obtain empirical data, the following methods and techniques of psychological assessment were used: (1) structured observation of children’s joint activities, (2) social emotions inventory, and (3) G. A. Uruntayeva and Yu. A. Afonkina’s ‘Studying the effectiveness of social and personal motive’ inventory. The sample consisted of 56 preschoolers. In order to detect the randomness of the results and track the dynamics, the experimental data were subjected to mathematical processing (Wilcoxon's T-test, which ensures the validity and reliability of the results obtained). Results. The research findings show that the use of a synergetic approach and a complex of various types and forms of cultural practices, such as a creative workshop, a research quest, game simulation modeling, design, collecting, and studio work have a significant impact on the indicators of older preschool children’s social agency as a condition for their cognitive and emotional development. The study confirms the assumption that achieving a high level of preschoolers’ social agency is possible provided that an event-organized space of joint activities of children and adults is created in the educational process of the kindergarten. Conclusions. The article concludes about the effectiveness of the synergetic approach in the implementation of a set of different types and forms of cultural practices as conditions for preschoolers’ cognitive and emotional development in the new digital society. The authors emphasize that the use of a synergetic approach and a set of cultural practices in educational practice increases the level of initiative, independence, and responsibility in children, and contributes to redirecting their attention from digital devices to the peer-group and developing positive relationships based on verbal communication and cooperation between peers and adults through the amplification of the creative experience of cognition, application the surrounding objects in a new quality and transforming them.