bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A matriz disciplinar da enfermagem: um relato de experiência
Authors: Silva Hallyson Leno Lucas da , Silva Jéssica Íris Franco da , Carneiro Shayanna Mickaela Duque , Medeiros Katarine Florêncio de , Menezes Rejane Maria Paiva de , Medeiros Soraya Maria de , Oliveira Jonas Sâmi Albuquerque de
Published: March 2023

Este estudo tem como objetivo relatar a experiência de pós-graduandos sobre os elementos que constituem a matriz disciplinar da enfermagem durante a apresentação de um seminário apresentado em uma disciplina de pós-graduação. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, do tipo relato de experiência, desenvolvido na disciplina de bases filosóficas e teóricas de enfermagem na atenção à saúde, no curso de mestrado acadêmico em enfermagem, de um programa de pós-graduação em enfermagem da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Kuhn acrescenta quatro elementos para constituição desta matriz, que seriam: generalizações simbólicas (expressões aceitas e utilizadas pelo grupo, formais ou formalmente formalizáveis), crenças em modelos (fornecem analogias e/ou sua ontologia), valores (largamente partilhados, mesmo quando não aplicados de forma igual) e exemplares ou soluções de problemas concretos (que foram realizados no passado e servem para a pesquisa futura), sendo este último, talvez, o mais importante para o autor. A Enfermagem possui matriz disciplinar. A concepção da matriz disciplinar da enfermagem foi entendida diante da sugestão da mudança do termo paradigma para matriz disciplinar, realizada por Kuhn, e perante o que se tem hoje como instrumentos, processos e prática, além do entendimento da enfermagem como ciência em evolução.
СТРУКТУРНО-СЕМАНТИЧНІ ТА ПЕРЕКЛАДАЦЬКІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ НІМЕЦЬКОЇ ВІЙСЬКОВОЇ ТЕРМІНОЛОГІЇ
Authors: БЄЛИХ Оксана , КЛИМЮК Максим
Published: March 2023

У науковому дослідженні зроблено аналіз способів утворення й перекладу німецьких військових термінів. До найактуальніших способів утворення німецьких військових термінів відносимо морфологічний (словоскладання, абревіація) та синтаксичний (усічення, запозичення). З точки зору труднощів розуміння й перекладу, аналізовані в представленій науковій розвідці військові терміни можна розділити на: а) терміни, які позначають реалії німецьких Сухопутних військ, ідентичні реаліям української військової дійсності. При перекладі термінів цієї групи можливе використання інтернаціоналізмів (Division – дивізія), використання еквівалента, форма якого не пов’язана з формою німецького терміна (Gewehr – гвинтівка) і використання еквівалента, коли загальне значення багатокомпонентного терміна повністю співпадає із значенням українського еквівалента, а окремі компоненти відрізняються (Kampfausrüstung – бойове спорядження); б) терміни, які позначають реалії німецької військової дійсності, які відсутні в українській військовій дійсності і не мають термінологічних еквівалентів. Переклад таких термінів відбувається через опис (Angriffsführung – ведення наступального бою), калькування (taktische Luftflotte – тактична повітряна армія), часткове чи повне транскрибування (Kommandeur – командир). Кожний конкретний вибір залежить від практичного характеру повідомлення. Військова терміносистема, будучи динамічною і змінною, є великим джерелом для наукових розвідок не лише лінгвального, але й міждисциплінарного характеру. Вважаємо, що вивчення способів перекладу термінів загалом, та військових зокрема, сприятиме кращому розумінню закономірностей функціонування фахових мов та матиме прикладний характер, оскільки в наш час вони стають вживаними не лише військовими, але й волонтерами, політичними аналітиками, журналістами і пересічними громадянами зокрема, а нові військові терміни будуть символізувати лише новий рівень військового і технічного забезпечення найкращих і найвідважніших Збройних сил України.
A Study on the Dilemma of People's Legal Awareness Caused by the Communication of Public Crisis Events in the Social Media Era: The Beating Incident in Tangshan as an Example
Authors: Cai Xintong , Zhang Tingyi
Published: March 2023

With the continuous development of network technology, the most intuitive social result brought by the development of media iss the absolute amount of information increase, we have entered a brand new information society. The production and dissemination of information are not only the key to economic development but also exert an important influence on politics and culture. This paper takes the case of the Tangshan Hitting Incident as an example to analyze the definition, principle, characteristics and dilemma of public crisis communication in the era of social media, as well as the dilemma and analysis of people's awareness of the rule of law. To provide suggestions for better communication of public crisis events in the era of social media, and to efficiently solve the dilemma of communication and legal awareness.
Sex Education in Chinese Families with Teenager from the Perspective of Satir’s Iceberg Theory
Authors: Luo Jiajia , Fan Danni
Published: March 2023

Nowadays, the development of the Internet makes it easy for Chinese teenagers to know something about sex. And teenagers begin to be curious and concerned about sexual detail because of physiological maturation in adolescence. However, sex education is a sensitive area for some parents, so that Chinese parents often interrupt or accuse teenagers when they have some issues about sex. The late data shows that when parents responded by avoiding the question about sex in families, the teenager will have a negative attitude toward sex. The purpose of this study that makes Chinese parents realize the importance of sex education in families first. In addition, Chinese parents need to actively change their ways and to conduct systematic and scientific sex education for children in families. It will be so helpful that teenagers can grow up healthily. The pertinent literature was collected and analyzed in the electronic database, so we think about sex education in Chinese families today based on the theory of Satir’s Iceberg.  Therefore, parents that have children in adolescence should transform their views and coping styles so that real sexual values will be sent to teenagers in a healthy way.
Prevalence and Biological Characteristics of Listeria Species Isolated from Livestock and Poultry Meat in Gansu Province, China
Authors: DONG ZHIJIE , SUN YANAN , CAO QING , LIU HONGXIA , LIU YUANYUAN , CAO QIHANG , WEI HUILIN , SONG CHEN , GOU HUITIAN , XUE HUIWEN
Published: March 2023

Listeria monocytogenes is a widespread foodborne pathogen contaminating foods during their production or processing stages. Fresh meat is susceptible to such contamination if it is not properly preserved. Our study was conducted to reveal the level of contamination and prevalence of Listeria spp. present in livestock and poultry meat from Gansu province. A total of 1,387 samples were collected from five cities in Gansu Province according to standard sampling procedures, of which 174 samples (12.5%) were positive for Listeria species. Among them, 14 isolates of L. monocytogenes (1.0%), 150 isolates of Listeria innocua (10.8%), and ten isolates of Listeria welshimeri (0.7%) were identified by conventional bacteriological and molecular identification methods. All isolates were subjected to serological assays, antimicrobial susceptibility tests, growth curve assays, determination of biofilm-forming capacity, and cluster analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences. Four predominant serotypes of L. monocytogenes were identified, including 1/2a (35.7%, 5/14), 1/2b (14.3%, 2/14), 1/2c (42.9%, 6/14), and 4b (7.1%, 1/14). All L. monocytogenes isolates were resistant to tetracycline and cefoxitin. Most L. innocua isolates (63.6%, 14/22) and L. welshimeri (40%, 4/10) were resistant to tetracycline. The high biofilm-forming ability was observed among 1/2c and 1/2a serotype isolates. The cluster analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed a close genetic relationship between the three Listeria species. This study fills the gap in the knowledge of livestock and poultry meat that carry Listeria in slaughterhouses and markets in Gansu Province.
Inactivation of Lactobacillus Bacteriophages by Dual Chemical Treatments
Authors: XU MING , MA RUIRUI , ZHANG CAN , HUANG XUECHENG , GAO XIN , LV RUIRUI , CHEN XIA
Published: March 2023

Phage contamination is one of the significant problems in the food fermentation industry, which eventually causes economic losses to the industry. Here, we investigated the viability of Lactobacillus plantarum phage P1 and P2 using various biocides treatments (ethanol, isopropanol, sodium hypochlorite and peracetic acid). Results indicated that phage P1 and P2 could be completely inactivated by treatment with 75% ethanol for 5 min, followed by 400 ppm of sodium hypochlorite treatment for 5 min. Phage P2 could be completely inactivated in the reverse sequence, while 800 ppm of sodium hypochlorite was required to achieve a similar effect for phage P1. Moreover, 100% isopropanol could increase the inactivating effect of 75% ethanol. This study may provide basic information on using multiple antimicrobials for phage control in laboratories and food plants.
A Molecular and Epidemiological Study of Cholera Outbreak in Sulaymaniyah Province, Iraq, in 2022
Authors: SABIR DANA KHDR , HAMA ZHWAN TALIB , SALIH KARZAN JALAL , KHIDHIR KARZAN GHAFUR
Published: March 2023

Cholera is a disease caused by a Gram-negative bacterium Vibrio cholerae and is among the significant threats to global public health. The disease is mainly spread in the hot months of the year; low sanitation and lack of clean water are the major causes of the disease. In this study, we conducted a molecular and epidemiological study of the recent outbreak in the city of Sulaymaniyah in Iraq. Based on the bacteriological, serological, and molecular identification of the bacterium, it was shown that V. cholerae O1 serotype Ogawa caused the disease. Additionally, the number of positive cholera cases were higher in June compared to July (391 positive cases in June and 23 in July). Moreover, the majority (> 60%) of the cholera cases were recorded among 20–44-year-old people in both months; however, there was no significant difference in the patient genders diagnosed every month. Overall, this is the first report on the recent cholera outbreak in the city of Sulaimaniyah in Iraq.
Prevalence of Closely Related Candida albicans Species among Patients with Vulvovaginal Candidiasis in Southern Poland Based on the hwp1 Gene Amplification
Authors: KLESIEWICZ KAROLINA , MROWIEC PAULINA , KANIA KATARZYNA , SKIBA-KUREK IWONA , BIAŁECKA JOANNA , NAMYSŁ MAGDALENA , MAŁEK MARIANNA
Published: March 2023

Candida albicans remains the most common species isolated from women with vulvovaginal candidiasis. However, closely related species such as Candida africana and Candida dubliniensis may also occur, although they are often misidentified. The aim of the study was to confirm the phenotypic identification of C. albicans and its closely related species isolated from women with genital tract infections by amplification of the hwp1 (hyphal wall protein 1) gene in a PCR assay. We report a detailed molecular identification of C. albicans and its closely related species among 326 patients in the Małopolska region, Poland. Initial phenotypic identifications were confirmed by amplification of the hwp1 gene. Based on molecular analysis, we revealed 307 strains (94.17%) as C. albicans and 17 as C. dubliniensis (5.22%). No strain of C. africana was detected. Two patients h ad co-infection with C. albicans and C. dubliniensis (0.61%). A PCR assay targeting the hwp1 gene was reliable for correctly identifying species among the C. albicans complex.
Probiotics and Prebiotics as Dietary Supplements for the Adjunctive Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: WANG YUYING , WEN LINA , TANG HUAZHEN , QU JINXIU , RAO BENQIANG
Published: March 2023

In modern lifestyles, high-fat diets and prolonged inactivity lead to more people developing type 2 diabetes (T2D). Based on the modern pathogenesis of T2D, food, and its components have become one of the top concerns for patients. Recent studies have found that dysbiosis and gut-related inflammation are more common in T2D patients. Probiotics and prebiotics play complementary roles in the gut as dietary supplements. Together, they may help improve dysbiosis and intestinal inflammation in people with T2D, increase the production of blood glucose-lowering hormones such as incretin, and help reduce insulin resistance and lower blood glucose. Therefore, changing the dietary structure and increasing the intake of probiotics and prebiotics is expected to become a new strategy for the adjuvant treatment of T2D.
Theoretical-legal and historical characteristics of the volunteer institute in Ukraine: the modern dimension
Authors: Yatsyuk T.
Published: March 2023

Purpose. The purpose of the work is a theoretical and legal analysis of the institution of volunteering in Ukraine, in particular in the modern dimension, taking into account the historical picture of the past and the prospects for the development of the present. Methodology. The methodology includes a comprehensive analysis and generalization of the available scientific and theoretical material and the formulation of relevant conclusions and recommendations. The following methods of scientific knowledge were used during the research: empirical, comparative, logical-semantic, systemic-structural. Results: In the process of this scientific and legal research, it was established that volunteer activity is a voluntary, socially oriented, non-profit activity carried out by volunteers by providing volunteer assistance. In addition, it is determined that a volunteer is a natural person who voluntarily carries out socially oriented non-profit activities by providing volunteer assistance. At the same time, it was established and described in the course of the research that the development of volunteering in the world began as far back as the 19th century. At a time when volunteer activity in Ukraine is gaining momentum after the high-profile events of 2013 and is starting its new formation in the existence of a sovereign, independent, democratic, social, legal state. The implemented development encourages the legislator to create normative legal acts that would carry out proper regulation of active social activities. At the same time, the created legal framework needs to be improved in order to meet the modern course. Originality. In the process of the research, a comparative legal analysis was carried out, in particular, in the part of the historical aspects of the formation of volunteer activity and the development of the institution of volunteering in modern Ukraine. Practical significance. The obtained research results can be used in the future for the implementation of scientific developments and the solution of actual legal and scientific problems regarding the functioning of the volunteering institute in modern Ukraine. In addition, the presented results can be applied in historical and legal research, in particular, in determining the period of formation and active development of volunteer activity in a sovereign, independent, democratic, social, legal state. The obtained results can also be useful for the next steps of the legal study of the problems of regulatory regulation of the volunteering institute in order to determine the level of the need to improve the current legal framework.
Analysis of normative and legal acts of Ukraine in the sphere of national patriotic education
Authors: Andrukhiv Oleh , Ilyn Liubomyr , Kosmii Mykhailo
Published: March 2023

Purpose. The purpose of the publication is the analysis and systematization of the main normative legal acts of Ukraine, which determine and regulate the state policy in the field of national and patriotic education. Method. The methodological basis of the study was a set of general scientific, special scientific and historical methods, as well as the principles of historicism and objectivity. Results. It was established that as of the beginning of 2023, more than two dozen legal acts regulating the procedure of national-patriotic education are in force. It is significant that the lion's share of them are Presidential Decrees. It is important that certain normative legal acts were adopted after 2014 and are a direct reaction to the occupation of Crimea and military actions in the East of Ukraine. According to content and object of influence, they can be divided into several blocks: 1) laws determining the legal status of state symbols, in particular the national language; 2) laws and decrees on the celebration of certain memorable dates from national history and honoring the victims of totalitarian regimes, military conflicts, etc.; 3) state strategies of national-patriotic education and relevant presidential decrees or government programs regarding their implementation; 4) laws emphasizing the educational component, the role of educational institutions, and even the personal responsibility of pedagogical and scientific-pedagogical workers for the implementation of national-patriotic education. Scientific novelty. It is proposed that the improvement of state policy in the field of national-patriotic education can be achieved through: the commitment of scientists, representatives of local self-government bodies, and government officials to the process of forming a single categorical and conceptual apparatus, which will become a road map and allow streamlining measures for national-patriotic education; due to the development of the level of legal culture of the population, strengthened information policy; diversification of approaches to the organization of national-patriotic education, and activation of the participation of mass media, representatives of culture, cinematography, music, show business, study and implementation of international experience regarding the implementation of responsibility for denigrating the importance of national culture, history, traditions of state-building; consideration of the issue of national-patriotic education as an element of national security. Practical significance. The results of the research can be used in further legal studies, work of local and state authorities, which are responsible for the implementation of state policy in the field of national-patriotic education.
Status of satellite countries and protectorate of the Third Reich during the Second World War: historical and legal analysis
Authors: Fedyk Lidiia
Published: March 2023

Purpose. The purpose of the study is to analyze the legal status of the satellite countries and the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, and to identify common and distinctive features. Methodology. The methodological basis of the study is a combination of philosophical, general scientific and special methods of cognition. The dialectical method was used to clarify the prerequisites for the emergence, formation and development of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. The systemic-structural method made it possible to distinguish the constituent elements of the legal status of the Protectorate and its satellite countries. The comparative legal method was used to compare the forms and methods of interaction between the Third Reich and the satellite countries. Results. Thus, the Nazi theory of the occupation administration in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia aimed to preserve the appearance of a relatively independent Czech state under German administration. In this regard, a dual system of governance, the German-Czech system, was maintained for a long time. The Czech component was represented by the president and the government, which had executive and administrative functions. The general management of the protectorate was entrusted to a protector appointed by the Reich Chancellor. The satellite states retained national power. Restrictions concerned only foreign policy activities, which had to be coordinated with the Third Reich. Common to the Protectorate and the satellite states was the subordination of the economic and military spheres to German needs. Scientific novelty. The study shows that the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia did not correspond to the classical understanding of the concept of "protectorate", as it was not the result of an interstate agreement, but a unilateral decision of the Nazi German authorities. In addition, the author clarifies the organizational and legal framework of the autonomous authorities of the Protectorate and establishes that their activities were regulated by the regulations adopted in the Third Reich. Practical significance. The formulated conclusions can be used in research work – for the formation of a systematic approach to understanding the legal status of satellites and protectorates and in the educational process – in the formation and teaching of the discipline "History of State and Law of Foreign Countries".
Tradicionalna upotreba kultiviranog bilja i krmiva na području Parka prirode Žumberak-Samoborsko gorje
Authors: Vitasović-Kosić Ivana , Petković Lana
Published: March 2023

Kultivirano bilje, a među njima tradicionalne, stare sorte važan su resurs za očuvanje genskog biodiverziteta, ublažavanje negativnog utjecaja klimatskih promjena, a posljedično i za povećanje održivosti poljoprivrede određenog područja. Zbog nedostatka informacija o poljoprivrednoj aktivnosti na području zakonom zaštićenog Parka prirode Žumberak - Samoborsko gorje, provedeno je etnobotaničko istraživanje poznavanja biljnih svojti i njihovih tradicijskih sorti. Primarni ciljevi su bili dokumentirati lokalno ekološko znanje i povećati interes za tradicijske sorte te jačati ekološku svijest stanovnika zakonom zaštićenih područja. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 30 ispitanika iz 17 naselja grada Samobora. Dokumentirana je upotreba 85 svojti kultiviranih sorti žitarica, povrća i voća, 31 samonikla biljna svojta te 4 gljive. Kultivirane biljke se uzgajaju u ograđenim vrtovima, voćnjacima i vinogradima, najčešće inventarizirane svojte (>50 %) su: Vitis vinifera, Malus domestica, Prunus domestica, Zea mays, Solanum lycopersicum, Pyrus communis, Daucus carota, Allium cepa, Lactuca sativa te Phaseolus vulgaris. Od samoniklog bilja najčešće korištene su Urtica dioica i Rosa canina. Zabilježeno je 18 sorti vinove loze, od kojih su tradicionalne tri: ‘Šipelj’, ‘Izabela’ i ‘Žametovka’. Tri stare sorte jabuka su ‘Kanada’, ‘Božićnica’ i ‘Petrovka’. Po jedna stara sorta poznata je za šljivu (‘Bistrica’), krušku (‘Tepka’) i grah (‘Kifl’). Ovim istraživanjem zabilježena je upotreba Ranunculus ficaria u prehrani te upotreba rijetke ilirske vrste Polygala chamaebuxus u dekorativne svrhe. Skoro zaboravljena je upotreba Fagopyrum esculentum. Više se ne sade Cannabis sativa, Nicotiana tabacum, Carum carvi. „Nova moda“ je uzgoj Ipomoea batatas i Lavandula angustifolia. Evidentirane su štete od divljači, posebice divlje svinje, koje prelaze razinu opravdanosti na kulturama kukuruz i krumpir, a sve češći kasni mrazevi, koji su posljedica negativnog utjecaja klimatskih promjena, izazivaju velike gubitke u voćarskoj i vinogradarskoj proizvodnji. Rezultati ovog rada mogli bi doprinijeti edukaciji pučanstva i reintrodukciji zaboravljenih upotreba kultiviranog i samoniklog bilja te gljiva u ljudsku i životinjsku prehranu, očuvanju tradicije i narodnih običaja, kao i prevenciji očuvanja zdravlja ljudi i životinja.
Classroom Support for the Newcomers to UK Mainstream Schools
Authors: Abdelbasit Gadour  , Samia Amniana
Published: March 2023

The quest of English language learners to attain proficiency in English has been a phenomenon that needs to be investigated, particularly in relation to changes in UK national educational policy and funding that has defused the needs of EAL learners within a more general emphasis on inclusion and raising the achievement of ethnic minority children. Qualitative methods are used to allow thirteen children from Libya (newcomers) along with their parents and teachers to talk about their experiences of classroom support available for EAL learners within UK mainstream schools. Data are analysed using thematic analysis. The results showed that there is a lack of provision to enable teachers meet the specific language needs of EAL children. In fact, Libyan children found themselves immersed in a new classroom without EAL support or clear instructions through their first language. It was simply up to them whether they sank or swam. The implications of this study suggest that there is a need for careful assessment of EAL children’s academic background and level of primary language literacy. This should be derived from long-term procedures based on a structured national educational policy to respond to the newly-arrived EAL children and help them settle into mainstream schools.
Monetary Policy and Banking Sector Stability in Nigeria
Authors: Didigu Chizoba , Joshua Nsikak , Okon Joel , Eze Annette , Gopar Jurbe , Oraemesi Charles , Udofia Blessing-Oxford , Yisa Daniel , Ejinkonye Jude , Ette Victoria
Published: March 2023

This study investigates the impact of monetary policy on banking sector stability in Nigeria, utilizing quarterly data for the period 2007Q1 to 2021Q4. The study employs the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach to cointegration. Results show that a long run relationship exist between banking sector stability and monetary policy in Nigeria. Furthermore, monetary policy rate, liquidity ratio, and cash reserve ratio are found to enhance banking sector stability. The study recommends, among others, that cash reserve and liquidity ratios should be kept at levels that will prevent excess liquidity in the system.
Social Dimension of Inclusive Growth in ECOWAS: Implication for Poverty Reduction
Authors: Anu Toriola , Emmanuel Goerge , Felix Ajayi
Published: March 2023

This study investigates the implication of the social dimension of inclusive growth on poverty reduction in Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) countries. It specifically examines how social indices of inclusive growth comprising of income inequality, education, and health outcomes affect poverty reduction. The study uses a panel dataset of the six (6) lower-middle income countries in ECOWAS which was analysed via panel Difference Generalised Method of Moment (D-GMM). The results show that GDP per capita exerts significant negative effect on poverty while inequality, education and health outcomes do not show significant effect on poverty. Although, the estimates of inequality, health and education outcomes are insignificant, poverty reduces with inequality but increases with education and health outcomes. The study submits that ECOWAS member countries have not benefited from social inclusive growth strategy in terms of eradicating poverty. Consequently, there is need for urgent and serious effort to promote social inclusion via improved health and education outcomes in addition to reduction in inequality. This will require an overhaul reform in the health and education sectors through improved funding, introduction of curriculum tailored at meeting the changing labour market needs and a wage policy that reflects the minimum international standard to improve the overall contribution of health and education to poverty reduction.
Particle-Stabilized, Bicontinuous Emulsions with Nanostructured Domains
Authors:   , Khan Mohd Azeem
Published: March 2023

The shaping of liquids opens a whole new paradigm of applications in various fields such as additive manufacturing, chemical processes, energy storage, and membrane-based applications. In my PhD project, I investigated different methods of shaping liquids. I focused on two approaches, first by external means such as gravity or hydrodynamic forces to deform the equilibrium shape of the liquid and further stabilize the deformed shape with a thin film of particles at the interface. With this approach, we introduced a new facile method of structuring liquids in all liquid systems.
Second, I used the internal remodeling of a liquid solution to generate a high surface area liquid mesh of oil and water channels called bijel. My research enhanced our knowledge of the different factors that affect bijel structure and made it possible to control the structure and scaling more effectively. This study also promoted the research on the flow properties of fluids in the liquid channels and particularly the interfacial applications such as catalysis and separations.
Finally, To take advantage of the high interfacial area between the liquid phases we introduced particle-based functionality in the bijel as a microreactor. We added catalytic alumina to the liquid interface for carrying out the chemical production of high-value epoxy compounds. To summarize, through my PhD research I used particles based stabilization of various liquid architectures having potential to be the host material for various applications in chemical and energy storage industry.
Ecological assessment of dead wood volume in hornbeam-maple-ash forest in «Medobory» Nature Reserve
Authors: Chornobrov O. , Khodyn O.
Published: March 2023

The volume of coarse woody detritus in the 112- year-old hornbeam-maple-ash forest stand of natural origin in «Medobory» Nature Reserve have been studied. The study of dead wood was carried out on a sample plot (0.48 ha) by the method of full accounting. The volume of woody detritus in the forest ecosystem is 62.7 m3∙ha–1and consists of fallen (82.9%) and standing (17.1%) deadwood. The main part of the dead wood volume is formed one tree species — common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) (93.0%). In general, woody detritus is characterized by I–IV classes of decomposition, while detritus of decomposition stage I prevails (44.2%), shares of other stages are slightly smaller: II (30.9%), III (23.6%) and share of stage IV is insignificant (1.3%). No coarse detritus of the last (V) decomposition stage was found on studied plot. The volume of standing dead wood is 10.7 m3∙ha–1 and is formed by broken dead trees. In terms of tree species composition, common ash dominates (94.4%), and the share of hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) is insignificant (5.6%). In the total standing dead wood volume, wood of decomposition stage I predominates (9.4 m3∙ha–1, 87.9%), compared with stage II (1.3 m3∙ha–1, 12.1%). Volume of fallen dead wood is 52.0 m3∙ha–1 and is formed by whole fallen trees, fragments of fallen trees (trunks) and rough branches. In terms of species composition, woody detritus of common ash predominates (48.2 m3∙ha–1, 92.7%), and the proportions of other species are insignificant. Fallen dead wood is represented by four stages of decomposition (I–IV). In terms of volume, decomposition stage I (18.3 m3∙ha–1, 35.2%) and stage II (18.1 m3∙ha–1, 34.8%) prevail, detritus of stage III is less (14.8 m3∙ha–1, 28.5%), and the share of stage IV is insignificant. Low volumes of late decomposition stages of woody detritus is explained mainly by influence of forestry activity in the past and relatively short period of strict regime of nature conservation, during which the forest ecosystem developed without human intervention.
Pathogenic mycobiome and quality indicators of soybean seed (Glycine max Moench) under growing in organic technologies
Authors: Havryliuk L. , Kichigina O. , Beznosko I. , Vlasenko I.
Published: March 2023

The number of colony-forming units (CFU) of micromycetes in soybean seeds of Suzirya and Kent varieties, created by Filazonite technology, was determined. A significant suppression of micromycetes was found in soybean seeds of Suzirya and Kent varieties compared to the control sample. It was established that the formation of CFU micromycetes on soybean seeds of the specified varieties is influenced by seed growing technologies and climatic conditions. Depending on these factors, the number of CFU micromycetes on soybean seeds of different varieties ranged from 0.2·104 CFU/g of seed to 1.5·104 CFU/g of seed, which is almost 2.5 times less than the amount in the control sample (from 0.8·104 CFU/g to 2.7·104 CFU/g of seeds). It was established that the species of phytopathogenic micromycetes belonging to the genera Alternaria, Fusarium, and Penicillium dominate in the soybean seeds of Suzirya and Kent varieties. They are factors of biological pollution of agrophytocenoses and reduction of biosafety of products. The changes in the quality indicators of the researched varieties of soybean seeds, grown under conditions of organic production using biological technologies, were determined. Based on the results of three-year research, it was established that the indicators of the content of protein and oil in the seeds of Kent and Suzirya varieties in all variants were higher than the normative indicators specified in DSTU 4964:2008. TU. SOY. At the same time, the indicator of the mass fraction of seed moisture did not exceed the permissible norms. It was established that the biochemical composition of soybean seeds had a certain influence on the genotypes of the varieties, as well as the types of soil and the climatic conditions of the growing technology. Depending on these factors, the content of protein in the soybean seeds of the studied varieties ranges from 37.5% to 41.11%, fat from 19.02% to 21.7%, and the mass fraction of moisture from 8.8% to 11.4%.
Influence of soil cultivation method and fertilization system on the yield of sunflower (Helianthus L.) when growing in conditions of Central Polissia of Ukraine
Authors: Liabah S.
Published: March 2023

The paper presents three-year field and laboratory research on studying the sunflower hybrids of different cultivation technologies, types of ripeness groups with yield indices depending on using different fertilisers and different types of soil cultivation. The study was conducted when using new hybrids of domestic and foreign selection. The hybrids Grand Admiral and Pegas were selected according to their biological characteristics that are more typical for the zone of Polissia when using standard cultivation technology. It was noted that on sod-podzolic soils with a light mechanical composition, the use of disk tillage tools (BDVP-4.2) to a depth of 10–12 cm was not significantly inferior to the deep loosener (GR-4.5) to a depth of 40–45 cm, which was a shortfall grain yield from disking in both experiments was 0.08 t/ha (37.7%) and 0.21 t/ha (23%). The above-mentioned type of soil is naturally poor in terms of its physical and chemical composition, namely the content of humus (1.0–1.3%), availability of exchangeable potassium and mobile phosphorus (32–52 mg/kg), which creates the need to use scientific approach to the reproduction of soil fertility with the use of organic and mineral fertilizers. It has been proven that when using fertilizers N16P16K16 + N46 (nitroammophosca, 200 kg + urea fertilizer, 75 kg) an increase in sunflower seed yield equals 1.66–1.72 t/hа (281–322%), when using the fertilizers N10P26K26 + N46 (diammophos, 200 kg + urea fertilizer, 75 kg) the increase in yield equals — (287–328%) and when using P5K55 + N46 (phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, 20 kg + urea fertilizer, 75 kg) the increase in yield is the highest and equals 1.85–1.97 t/ha depending on the experiment variant. It is noted that the Pegasus sunflower hybrid was inferior to the Grand Admiral hybrid in all indicators of the experiment, from the form of mineral fertilizers to soil cultivation, and is: when applying N16P16K16 + N46 — 0.66 t/ha; N10P26K26 + N46 — 0.39 t/ha; P5K55 + N46 — 0.38 t/ha.
Efficacy of oxidized regenerated cellulose combined with fibrin glue in reducing pulmonary air leakage after segmentectomy in a porcine lung model
Authors: Yang He , Dong Zhiqiang , Wang Hongya , Liu Zicheng , Sun Wenbo , Wang Kun , Xu Xinfeng , Wen Wei , Wang Jun , Chen Liang , Zhu Quan
Published: March 2023

Objectives: Pulmonary air leakage is a common complication following lung resection. We have designed a new method combining oxidized regenerated cellulose and fibrin glue to cover the intersegmental plane in clinical lung segmentectomy to prevent postoperative air leakage. In this study, an excised porcine lung segmentectomy model was created to validate its adhesive strength and effect on reducing air leakage.

Methods: In the pre-experiment, six different larger lung segments were separated using electrocautery on the fresh isolated porcine lungs (n = 5 in each group). The air leakage degree and operation time of the lung segments were comprehensively evaluated to select the most suitable target segment for establishing the ex vivo porcine lung segmentectomy models. In the experiment, according to the different materials covered on the intersegmental plane, these models were randomly divided into four groups: group A used fibrin glue and oxidized regenerated cellulose (ORC) mesh (n = 20); group B used fibrin glue and polyglycolic acid (PGA) sheet (n = 20); group C used fibrin glue (n = 20); group D was the blank control group (n = 20). The minimum air leakage pressure (MALP) of the selected target segment in each group was measured using a stepwise increase of airway pressure, and histological assessment was performed on the sealed area samples from the four groups.

Results: The operation time of the a segment of the right cranial lobe (R1a) was shorter than that of other segments (p < 0.05), and there was no significant difference in the air leakage pressures between the six isolated segments (p = 0.76); thus, R1a was chosen for segmentectomy. In addition, the MALP was significantly higher in group A (41.8 ± 4.5 cmH2O) than in groups C (28.1 ± 2.3 cmH2O) and D (17.3 ± 1.2 cmH2O) (both p < 0.001). The MALP of group B (69.5 ± 5.2 cmH2O) was significantly higher than that of group A (p < 0.001), whereas that of group C was significantly higher than that of group D (p < 0.001). Histological examination confirmed that the combined use of fibrin glue and ORC or PGA patch adhered more firmly to the intersegmental plane than that of fibrin glue alone, although some gaps could be seen between the fibrin glue and the surface of the lung segments in group C.

Conclusion: The application of ORC combined with fibrin glue on the intersegmental plane has a good sealing performance in the ex vivo porcine lung segmentectomy model, suggesting that ORC may be an effective alternative material to replace PGA sheet to combine with fibrin glue for preventing air leakage after segmentectomy.
Long-term whole-body vibration induces degeneration of intervertebral disc and facet joint in a bipedal mouse model
Authors: Jin Lin-Yu , Yin Hong-Lin , Xu Yi-Qiong , Xu Shuai , Song Xiao-Xing , Luo Yan , Li Xin-Feng
Published: March 2023

Background:Whole body vibration (WBV) has been used to treat various musculoskeletal diseases in recent years. However, there is limited knowledge about its effects on the lumbar segments in upright posture mice. This study was performed to investigate the effects of axial Whole body vibration on the intervertebral disc (IVD) and facet joint (FJ) in a novel bipedal mouse model.

Methods:Six-week-old male mice were divided into control, bipedal, and bipedal + vibration groups. Taking advantage of the hydrophobia of mice, mice in the bipedal and bipedal + vibration groups were placed in a limited water container and were thus built standing posture for a long time. The standing posture was conducted twice a day for a total of 6 hours per day, 7 days per week. Whole body vibration was conducted during the first stage of bipedal building for 30 min per day (45 Hz with peak acceleration at 0.3 g). The mice of the control group were placed in a water-free container. At the 10th-week after experimentation, intervertebral disc and facet joint were examined by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), histologic staining, and immunohistochemistry (IHC), and gene expression was quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Further, a finite element (FE) model was built based on the micro-CT, and dynamic Whole body vibration was loaded on the spine model at 10, 20, and 45 Hz.

Results:Following 10 weeks of model building, intervertebral disc showed histological markers of degeneration, such as disorders of annulus fibrosus and increased cell death. Catabolism genes’ expression, such as Mmp13, and Adamts 4/5, were enhanced in the bipedal groups, and Whole body vibration promoted these catabolism genes’ expression. Examination of the facet joint after 10 weeks of bipedal with/without Whole body vibration loading revealed rough surface and hypertrophic changes at the facet joint cartilage resembling osteoarthritis. Moreover, immunohistochemistry results demonstrated that the protein level of hypertrophic markers (Mmp13 and Collagen X) were increased by long-durationstanding posture, and Whole body vibration also accelerated the degenerative changes of facet joint induced by bipedal postures. No changes in the anabolism of intervertebral disc and facet joint were observed in the present study. Furthermore, finite element analysis revealed that a larger frequency of Whole body vibration loading conditions induced higher Von Mises stresses on intervertebral disc, contact force, and displacement on facet joint.

Conclusion:The present study revealed significant damage effects of Whole body vibration on intervertebral disc and facet joint in a bipedal mouse model. These findings suggested the need for further studies of the effects of Whole body vibration on lumbar segments of humans.
In situ reduction of gold nanoparticles-decorated MXenes-based electrochemical sensing platform for KRAS gene detection
Authors: Yu Xiongtao , Bai Silan , Wang Lishi
Published: March 2023

In this work, gold nanoparticles@Ti3C2 MXenes nanocomposites with excellent properties were combined with toehold-mediated DNA strand displacement reaction to construct an electrochemical circulating tumor DNA biosensor. The gold nanoparticles were synthesized in situ on the surface of Ti3C2 MXenes as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The good electrical conductivity of the gold nanoparticles@Ti3C2 MXenes composite and the nucleic acid amplification strategy of enzyme-free toehold-mediated DNA strand displacement reaction can be used to efficiently and specifically detect the non-small cell cancer biomarker circulating tumor DNA KRAS gene. The biosensor has a linear detection range of 10 fM −10 nM and a detection limit of 0.38 fM, and also efficiently distinguishes single base mismatched DNA sequences. The biosensor has been successfully used for the sensitive detection of KRAS gene G12D, which has excellent potential for clinical analysis and provides a new idea for the preparation of novel MXenes-based two-dimensional composites and their application in electrochemical DNA biosensors.
Left-right asymmetric expression of the Nodal-Lefty-Pitx2 module in developing turtle forebrain
Authors: Kajikawa Eriko , Miki Toru , Takeda Masayoshi , Kiyonari Hiroshi , Hamada Hiroshi
Published: March 2023

The epithalamus of zebrafish shows morphological and molecular left-right (L-R) asymmetry, but such asymmetry is not apparent in tetrapods. To provide further insight into the evolutionary diversity of brain L-R asymmetry, we have now examined the developing brains of reptile embryos for expression of Nodal, Lefty, and Pitx2. Two turtle species, the Chinese softshell turtle and the red-eared slider turtle, showed left-sided expression of these three genes in the developing forebrain, with this expression occurring after Nodal expression at the lateral plate and the L-R organizer has disappeared. Nodal activity, as revealed by the detection of phosphorylated Smad2/3, was also apparent in the neural epithelium on the left side in both turtle species. In the Chinese softshell turtle, the habenula did not show apparent asymmetry in size and the parapineal organ was absent, but the expression of Kctd12 in the habenula showed a small yet reproducible asymmetry. In contrast to the turtles, L-R asymmetric expression of Nodal, Lefty, Pitx2, or Kctd12 was not detected in the developing brain of the Madagascar ground gecko. The transcriptional enhancer (ASE) responsible for the asymmetric expression of Nodal, Lefty, and Pitx2 was conserved among reptiles, including the Chinese softshell turtle and Madagascar ground gecko. Our findings suggest that Nodal, Lefty, and Pitx2 have the potential to be asymmetrically expressed in the developing brain of vertebrates, but that their expression varies even among reptiles.
Comprehensive evaluation of the mechanism of Gastrodia elata Blume in ameliorating cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury based on integrating fecal metabonomics and 16S rDNA sequencing
Authors: Ding Ximeng , Liu Zilu , Liu Yi , Xu Baiyang , Chen Juan , Pu Jingzhe , Wu Deling , Yu Hao , Jin Chuanshan , Wang Xiaoli
Published: March 2023

Gastrodia elata Blume was used to treat stroke and headaches caused by “Feng” for thousands of years. The present study has shown a significant effect of G. elata Blume in improving cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury (CIRI). However, the mechanism of G. elata Blume in improving CIRI by regulating the intestinal flora has not been reported until now. This research aimed to comprehensively evaluate the mechanism of G. elata Blume in CIRI based on fecal metabolomics and 16S rDNA sequencing. The rat model with CIRI was created based on the Zea Longa method. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to monitor the inflammatory factors in rat serum. Damages of brain tissues were observed using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Cerebral infarction was observed by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. The balance of intestinal flora in cecal contents of rats was evaluated by high-throughput sequencing. Changes of metabolites in the intestinal flora were evaluated by fecal metabolomics through Ultra high performance liquid chromatography-orbitrap exploris-mass spectrometer (UHPLC-OE-MS). The area of brain necrosis, cerebral infarction volume, and the contents of inflammatory factors in CIRI rats can be effectively reduced after oral administration of G. elata Blume. CIRI can cause disturbances in the intestinal flora and its associated metabolites. G. elata Blume can significantly regulate the composition of the intestinal microflora. It reversed CIRI-induced changes in the levels of multiple intestinal bacteria, including Prevotellaceae, Coriobacteriaceae; Prevotella, Gamma proteobacteria unclassified, Barnesiella, Escherichia, Shigella; uncultured Shigella sp., Flavonifractor sp., Escherichia sp. enrichment culture clone NBAR004, Veillonella sp. R-32, and Lactobacillus intestinalis. The levels of metabolites in cecal contents were disturbed in rats with CIRI, including amino acid, purine, and sphingolipid metabolism. The changes in the level of biomarkers in amino acid metabolism induced by CIRI were significantly reversed after treatment with G. elata Blume. Correlation studies show that Prevotellaceae was significantly positively correlated with interleukin (IL)-6, and L. intestinalis and L-phenylalanine were negatively interrelated to IL-1β. Beta-glycerophosphoric acid was significantly negatively interrelated to high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). There were significantly negative correlations between L-phenylalanine and L. intestinalis, beta-glycerophosphoric acid and Prevotellaceae. G. elata Blume protected against CIRI, which may be related to improved intestinal microflora composition and metabolism, resulting in decreased inflammation.