bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of a post‐donation hemoglobin testing strategy on efficiency and safety of whole blood donation in England: A modeling study
Authors: Kim Lois G. , Bolton Thomas , Sweeting Michael J. , Bell Steven , Fahle Sarah , McMahon Amy , Walker Matthew , Ferguson Eamonn , Miflin Gail , Roberts David J. , Di Angelantonio Emanuele , Wood Angela M.
Published: February 2023

Background

Deferrals due to low hemoglobin are time‐consuming and costly for blood donors and donation services. Furthermore, accepting donations from those with low hemoglobin could represent a significant safety issue. One approach to reduce them is to use hemoglobin concentration alongside donor characteristics to inform personalized inter‐donation intervals.

Study Design and Methods

We used data from 17,308 donors to inform a discrete event simulation model comparing personalized inter‐donation intervals using “post‐donation” testing (i.e., estimating current hemoglobin from that measured by a hematology analyzer at last donation) versus the current approach in England (i.e., pre‐donation testing with fixed intervals of 12‐weeks for men and 16‐weeks for women). We reported the impact on total donations, low hemoglobin deferrals, inappropriate bleeds, and blood service costs. Personalized inter‐donation intervals were defined using mixed‐effects modeling to estimate hemoglobin trajectories and probability of crossing hemoglobin donation thresholds.

Results

The model had generally good internal validation, with predicted events similar to those observed. Over 1 year, a personalized strategy requiring ≥90% probability of being over the hemoglobin threshold, minimized adverse events (low hemoglobin deferrals and inappropriate bleeds) in both sexes and costs in women. Donations per adverse event improved from 3.4 (95% uncertainty interval 2.8, 3.7) under the current strategy to 14.8 (11.6, 19.2) in women, and from 7.1 (6.1, 8.5) to 26.9 (20.8, 42.6) in men. In comparison, a strategy incorporating early returns for those with high certainty of being over the threshold maximized total donations in both men and women, but was less favorable in terms of adverse events, with 8.4 donations per adverse event in women (7.0, 10,1) and 14.8 (12.1, 21.0) in men.

Discussion

Personalized inter‐donation intervals using post‐donation testing combined with modeling of hemoglobin trajectories can help reduce deferrals, inappropriate bleeds, and costs.
A New Dissipation Function to Model the Rate-Dependent Mechanical Behavior of Semilunar Valve Leaflets
Authors: Anssari-Benam Afshin , Tseng Yuan-Tsan , Pani Martino , Bucchi Andrea
Published: February 2023

A new dissipation function Wv is devised and presented to capture the rate-dependent mechanical behavior of the semilunar heart valves. Following the experimentally-guided framework introduced in our previous work (Anssari-Benam et al., 2022 “Modelling the Rate-Dependency of the Mechanical Behaviour of the Aortic Heart Valve: An Experimentally Guided Theoretical Framework," J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater., 134, p. 105341), we derive our proposed Wv function from the experimental data pertaining to the biaxial deformation of the aortic and pulmonary valve specimens across a 10,000-fold range of deformation rate, exhibiting two distinct rate-dependent features: (i) the stiffening effect in σ−λ curves with increase in rate; and (ii) the asymptotic effect of rate on stress levels at higher rates. The devised Wv function is then used in conjunction with a hyperelastic strain energy function We to model the rate-dependent behavior of the valves, incorporating the rate of deformation as an explicit variable. It is shown that the devised function favorably captures the observed rate-dependent features, and the model provides excellent fits to the experimentally obtained σ−λ curves. The proposed function is thereby recommended for application to the rate-dependent mechanical behavior of heart valves, as well as other soft tissues that exhibit a similar rate-dependent behavior.
Producing slow light in warm alkali vapor using electromagnetically induced transparency
Authors: DeRose Kenneth , Jiang Kefeng , Li Jianqiao , Julius Macbeth , Zhuo Linzhao , Wenner Scott , Bali Samir
Published: February 2023

We present undergraduate-friendly instructions on how to produce light pulses propagating through warm Rubidium vapor with speeds less than 400 m/s, i.e., nearly a million times slower than c. We elucidate the role played by electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in producing slow light pulses and discuss how to achieve the required experimental conditions. The optical setup is presented, and details provided for preparation of pump, probe, and reference pulses of the required size, frequency, intensity, temporal width, and polarization purity. EIT-based slow light pulses provide the most widely studied architecture for creating quantum memories. Therefore, the basic concepts presented here are useful for physics and engineering majors who wish to get involved in the development of cutting-edge quantum technologies.
Approximate acoustic boundary conditions in the time-domain using volume penalization
Authors: Lemke Mathias , Reiss Julius
Published: February 2023

This paper presents an immersed boundary method for modeling complex impedance boundary conditions in wave-based finite-difference time-domain simulations. The fully parallelizable and physically motivated Brinkman method allows for the representation of complex geometries on simple Cartesian grids as porous material by introducing a friction term and an effective volume. The parameters are specified using blending functions, enabling impedance boundary conditions without the need for grid fitting or special boundary treatment. Representative acoustic configurations are analyzed to assess the method. In detail, acoustic materials on and in front of a rigid wall, a reacting surface as well as fully reflecting walls are examined. Comparison with analytical solutions shows satisfactory agreement of the resulting impedances in the range from 20 Hz up to 4 kHz. The method is derived for the (non-)linear Euler equations and the acoustic wave equation. An extensive stability analysis is carried out.
CD5 expression by dendritic cells directs T cell immunity and sustains immunotherapy responses
Authors: He Mingyu , Roussak Kate , Ma Feiyang , Borcherding Nicholas , Garin Vince , White Mike , Schutt Charles , Jensen Trine I. , Zhao Yun , Iberg Courtney A. , Shah Kairav , Bhatia Himanshi , Korenfeld Daniel , Dinkel Sabrina , Gray Judah , Ulezko Antonova Alina , Ferris Stephen , Donermeyer David , Lindestam Arlehamn Cecilia , Gubin Matthew M. , Luo Jingqin , Gorvel Laurent , Pellegrini Matteo , Sette Alessandro , Tung Thomas , Bak Rasmus , Modlin Robert L. , Fields Ryan C. , Schreiber Robert D. , Allen Paul M. , Klechevsky Eynav
Published: February 2023

The induction of proinflammatory T cells by dendritic cell (DC) subtypes is critical for antitumor responses and effective immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. Here, we show that human CD1c
+
CD5
+
DCs are reduced in melanoma-affected lymph nodes, with CD5 expression on DCs correlating with patient survival. Activating CD5 on DCs enhanced T cell priming and improved survival after ICB therapy. CD5
+
DC numbers increased during ICB therapy, and low interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations promoted their de novo differentiation. Mechanistically, CD5 expression by DCs was required to generate optimally protective CD5
hi
T helper and CD8
+
T cells; further, deletion of CD5 from T cells dampened tumor elimination in response to ICB therapy in vivo. Thus, CD5
+
DCs are an essential component of optimal ICB therapy.
Imaging the breaking of electrostatic dams in graphene for ballistic and viscous fluids
Authors: Krebs Zachary J. , Behn Wyatt A. , Li Songci , Smith Keenan J. , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Levchenko Alex , Brar Victor W.
Published: February 2023

The charge carriers in a material can, under special circumstances, behave as a viscous fluid. In this work, we investigated such behavior by using scanning tunneling potentiometry to probe the nanometer-scale flow of electron fluids in graphene as they pass through channels defined by smooth and tunable in-plane p-n junction barriers. We observed that as the sample temperature and channel widths are increased, the electron fluid flow undergoes a Knudsen-to-Gurzhi transition from the ballistic to the viscous regime characterized by a channel conductance that exceeds the ballistic limit, as well as suppressed charge accumulation against the barriers. Our results are well modeled by finite element simulations of two-dimensional viscous current flow, and they illustrate how Fermi liquid flow evolves with carrier density, channel width, and temperature.
Leveraging IP for AI governance
Authors: Schmit C. D. , Doerr M. J. , Wagner J. K.
Published: February 2023

Copyleft AI with Trusted Enforcement (CAITE) can support an adaptable soft law approach for ethics in AI
Dynamic kinetic asymmetric arylation and alkenylation of ketones
Authors: Ruan Lin-Xin , Sun Bo , Liu Jia-Ming , Shi Shi-Liang
Published: February 2023

Despite the importance of enantioenriched alcohols in medicinal chemistry, total synthesis, and materials science, the efficient and selective construction of enantioenriched tertiary alcohols bearing two contiguous stereocenters has remained a substantial challenge. We report a platform for their preparation through the enantioconvergent, nickel-catalyzed addition of organoboronates to racemic, nonactivated ketones. We prepared several important classes of α,β-chiral tertiary alcohols in a single step with high levels of diastereo- and enantioselectivity through a dynamic kinetic asymmetric addition of aryl and alkenyl nucleophiles. We applied this protocol to modify several profen drugs and to rapidly synthesize biologically relevant molecules. We expect this nickel-catalyzed, base-free ketone racemization process to be a widely applicable strategy for the development of dynamic kinetic processes.
The first dedicated ice giants mission
Authors: Mandt Kathleen E.
Published: February 2023

The mysteries of the Uranus system can be unlocked through interdisciplinary exploration
Chemical notes of tsetse fly mating
Authors: Syed Zainulabeuddin
Published: February 2023

Volatile pheromones offer a means to control flies that spread disease
Blind spots in biodefense
Authors: Linder Ann , Jamieson Dale
Published: February 2023

In October, the Biden administration released its National Biodefense Strategy (NBS-22), the first update since the COVID-19 pandemic began. Although the document notes that one of the lessons of the pandemic is that threats originating anywhere are threats everywhere, it frames threats as largely external to the United States. NBS-22 focuses primarily on bioterrorism and laboratory accidents, neglecting threats posed by routine practices of animal use and production inside the United States. NBS-22 references zoonotic disease but assures readers that no new legal authorities or institutional innovations are needed. Although the US is not alone in failing to confront these risks, its failure to comprehensively address them echoes across the globe.
Calcium Influx Regulates the Replication of Several Negative-Strand RNA Viruses Including Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus
Authors: Urata Shuzo , Yoshikawa Rokusuke , Yasuda Jiro
Published: February 2023

SFTS is an emerging infectious disease and has a high mortality rate of up to 30%. There are no licensed vaccines or antivirals against SFTS.
Metagenome-Assembled Genomes of Four Southern Ocean Archaea Harbor Multiple Genes Linked to Polyethylene Terephthalate and Polyhydroxybutyrate Plastic Degradation
Authors: Akpudo Yvonne Marvellous , Bezuidt Oliver K. , Makhalanyane Thulani P.
Published: February 2023

Here, we present four archaeal metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) (three
Thaumarchaeota
MAGs and one
Thermoplasmatota
MAG) from a polar upwelling zone in the Southern Ocean. These archaea harbor putative genes encoding enzymes such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) hydrolases (PETases) and polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) depolymerases, which are associated with microbial degradation of PET and PHB plastics.
The Incompetence of Mosquitoes—Can Zika Virus Be Adapted To Infect
Culex tarsalis
Cells?
Authors: Gallichotte Emily N. , Samaras Demetrios , Murrieta Reyes A. , Sexton Nicole R. , Robison Alexis , Young Michael C. , Byas Alex D. , Ebel Gregory D. , Rückert Claudia
Published: February 2023

ZIKV is mainly transmitted between humans by
Aedes
mosquitoes. In nature, ZIKV-infected
Culex
mosquitoes have been found, and ZIKV infrequently infects
Culex
mosquitoes under laboratory conditions.
Characterization of a Novel Orbivirus from Cattle Reveals Active Circulation of a Previously Unknown and Pathogenic Orbivirus in Ruminants in Kenya
Authors: Omoga Dorcus C. A. , Tchouassi David P. , Venter Marietjie , Ogola Edwin O. , Langat Solomon , Getugi Caroline , Eibner Georg , Kopp Anne , Slothouwer Inga , Torto Baldwyn , Junglen Sandra , Sang Rosemary
Published: February 2023

The genus
Orbivirus
contains several viruses that cause large outbreaks in wild and domestic animals. However, there is little knowledge on the contribution of orbiviruses to diseases in livestock in Africa.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Nonphosphorylated AlgR Induces Ribonucleotide Reductase Expression under Oxidative Stress Infectious Conditions
Authors: Rubio-Canalejas Alba , Admella Joana , Pedraz Lucas , Torrents Eduard
Published: February 2023

The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria is a serious problem worldwide.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
is a pathogen that causes severe infections because it can form a biofilm that protects it from immune system mechanisms such as the production of oxidative stress. Ribonucleotide reductases are essential enzymes which synthesize deoxyribonucleotides used in the replication of DNA.
Effectiveness of physical activity interventions for improving depression, anxiety and distress: an overview of systematic reviews
Authors: Singh Ben , Olds Timothy , Curtis Rachel , Dumuid Dorothea , Virgara Rosa , Watson Amanda , Szeto Kimberley , O'Connor Edward , Ferguson Ty , Eglitis Emily , Miatke Aaron , Simpson Catherine EM , Maher Carol
Published: February 2023

Objective

To synthesise the evidence on the effects of physical activity on symptoms of depression, anxiety and psychological distress in adult populations.

Design

Umbrella review.

Data sources

Twelve electronic databases were searched for eligible studies published from inception to 1 January 2022.

Eligibility criteria for selecting studies

Systematic reviews with meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials designed to increase physical activity in an adult population and that assessed depression, anxiety or psychological distress were eligible. Study selection was undertaken in duplicate by two independent reviewers.

Results

Ninety-seven reviews (1039 trials and 128 119 participants) were included. Populations included healthy adults, people with mental health disorders and people with various chronic diseases. Most reviews (n=77) had a critically low A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews score. Physical activity had medium effects on depression (median effect size=−0.43, IQR=−0.66 to –0.27), anxiety (median effect size=−0.42, IQR=−0.66 to –0.26) and psychological distress (effect size=−0.60, 95% CI −0.78 to –0.42), compared with usual care across all populations. The largest benefits were seen in people with depression, HIV and kidney disease, in pregnant and postpartum women, and in healthy individuals. Higher intensity physical activity was associated with greater improvements in symptoms. Effectiveness of physical activity interventions diminished with longer duration interventions.

Conclusion and relevance

Physical activity is highly beneficial for improving symptoms of depression, anxiety and distress across a wide range of adult populations, including the general population, people with diagnosed mental health disorders and people with chronic disease. Physical activity should be a mainstay approach in the management of depression, anxiety and psychological distress.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021292710.
Effect of public reporting of surgeons’ outcomes on patient selection, “gaming,” and mortality in colorectal cancer surgery in England: population based cohort study
Authors: Vallance Abigail E , Fearnhead Nicola S , Kuryba Angela , Hill James , Maxwell-Armstrong Charles , Braun Michael , van der Meulen Jan , Walker Kate
Published: February 2023

Objective

To determine the effect of surgeon specific outcome reporting in colorectal cancer surgery on risk averse clinical practice, “gaming” of clinical data, and 90 day postoperative mortality.

Design

National cohort study.

Setting

English National Health Service hospital trusts.

Population

111 431 patients diagnosed as having colorectal cancer from 1 April 2011 to 31 March 2015 included in the National Bowel Cancer Audit.

Intervention

Public reporting of surgeon specific 90 day mortality in elective colorectal cancer surgery in England introduced in June 2013.

Main outcome measures

Proportion of patients with colorectal cancer who had an elective major resection, predicted 90 day mortality based on characteristics of patients and tumours, and observed 90 day mortality adjusted for differences in characteristics of patients and tumours, comparing patients who had surgery between April 2011 and June 2013 and between July 2013 and March 2015.

Results

The proportion of patients with colorectal cancer undergoing major resection did not change after the introduction of surgeon specific public outcome reporting (39 792/62 854 (63.3%) before versus 30 706/48 577 (63.2%) after; P=0.8). The proportion of these major resections categorised as elective or scheduled also did not change (33 638/39 792 (84.5%) before versus 25 905/30 706 (84.4%) after; P=0.5). The predicted 90 day mortality remained the same (2.7%v2.7%; P=0.3), but the observed 90 day mortality fell (952/33 638 (2.8%)v552/25 905 (2.1%)). Change point analysis showed that this reduction was over and above the existing downward trend in mortality before the introduction of public outcome reporting (P=0.03).

Conclusions

This study did not find evidence that the introduction of public reporting of surgeon specific 90 day postoperative mortality in elective colorectal cancer surgery has led to risk averse clinical practice behaviour or “gaming” of data. However, its introduction coincided with a significant reduction in 90 day mortality.
Association between use of systematic reviews and national policy recommendations on screening newborn babies for rare diseases: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Taylor-Phillips Sian , Stinton Chris , Ferrante di Ruffano Lavinia , Seedat Farah , Clarke Aileen , Deeks Jonathan J
Published: February 2023

Objective

To understand whether international differences in recommendations of whether to screen for rare diseases using the newborn blood spot test might in part be explained by use of systematic review methods.

Design

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data sources

Website searches of 26 national screening organisations.

Eligibility criteria for study selection

Journal articles, papers, legal documents, presentations, conference abstracts, or reports relating to a national recommendation on whether to screen for any condition using the newborn blood spot test, with no restrictions on date or language.

Data extraction

Two reviewers independently assessed whether the recommendation for or against screening included systematic reviews, and data on test accuracy, benefits of early detection, and potential harms of overdiagnosis.

Analysis

The odds of recommending screening according to the use of systematic review methods was estimated across conditions using meta-analysis.

Results

93 reports were included that assessed 104 conditions across 14 countries, totalling 276 recommendations (units of analysis). Screening was favoured in 159 (58%) recommendations, not favoured in 98 (36%), and not recommended either way in 19 (7%). Only 60 (22%) of the recommendations included a systematic review. Use of a systematic review was associated with a reduced probability of screening being recommended (23/60 (38%)v136/216 (63%), odds ratio 0.17, 95% confidence interval 0.07 to 0.43). Of the recommendations, evidence for test accuracy, benefits of early detection, and overdiagnosis was not considered in 115 (42%), 83 (30%), and 211 (76%), respectively.

Conclusions

Using systematic review methods is associated with a reduced probability of screening being recommended. Many national policy reviews of screening for rare conditions using the newborn blood spot test do not assess the evidence on the key benefits and harms of screening.
Acute kidney injury after endovascular therapy in acute stroke patients: systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Oliveira Marta , Rocha Ana , Barbosa Flávia , Barros Pedro , Fonseca Luísa , Ribeiro Manuel , Afreixo Vera , Gregório Tiago
Published: February 2023

Aims

Endovascular therapy (EVT) is a highly effective stroke treatment, but it requires the administration of contrast media which puts patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI). AKI is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in cardiovascular patients.

Methods

PubMed, Scopus, ISI and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched for observational and experimental studies assessing the occurrence of AKI in adult acute stroke patients submitted to EVT. Two independent reviewers collected study data regarding study setting, period, source of data, and AKI definition and predictors, the outcomes of interest being AKI incidence and 90-day death or dependency (modified Rankin Scale score ≥3). These outcomes were pooled using random effect models, and heterogeneity was measured using the I2statistic.

Results

22 studies were identified and included in the analysis, involving 32 034 patients. Pooled incidence of AKI was 7% (95% CI 5% to 10%), but heterogeneity was high across studies (I2=98%), and not accounted for by the definition of AKI used. The most frequently reported AKI predictors were impaired baseline renal function (5 studies) and diabetes (3 studies); 3 studies (2103 patients) reported data on death and 4 studies (2424 patients) reported data on dependency. Overall, AKI was associated with both outcomes, with ORs of 6.21 (95% CI 3.52 to 10.96) and 2.86 (95% CI 1.88 to 4.37), respectively. Heterogeneity was low for both analyses (I2=0%).

Conclusions

AKI affects 7% of acute stroke patients submitted to EVT and identifies a subgroup of patients for which treatment outcomes are suboptimal, with an increased risk of death and dependency.
Size and timing of hatchery releases influence juvenile-to-adult survival rates of British Columbia Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) salmon
Authors: James Samantha E. , Doherty Beau , Cox Sean P. , Pearsall Isobel A. , Riddell Brian
Published: February 2023

Salmon hatcheries are management tools intended to stabilize declining abundance in salmon populations and sustain salmon fisheries. One key area of uncertainty is how hatchery release practices influence juvenile-to-adult survival. Data quality and quantity vary considerably among hatcheries making it difficult to assess the role of release practices. Using a Bayesian hierarchical approach, we analyzed releases and recoveries of Chinook ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; 21 hatcheries) and coho ( Oncorhynchus kisutch; 16 hatcheries) salmon in British Columbia from 1972 to 2017. Higher survival rates were associated with increasing weights-at-release, earlier releases of Chinook salmon, and later releases of coho salmon. The addition of environmental (sea surface temperature, Pacific Decadal Oscillation), and predator (harbour seals, killer whales) covariates did not improve model performance relative to models that used year effects to account for declines in survival and interannual variability in ocean conditions. Optimizing release practices could increase returns by 6%–245% for Chinook salmon and 5%–160% for coho salmon based on median posterior estimates for each hatchery. With these results, a large-scale adaptive management approach could be implemented to test our understanding of release practice–survival relationships and evaluate cost–benefit trade-offs.
Stable three-dimensional (un)charged AdS gravastars in gravity’s rainbow
Authors: Barzegar H. , Bigdeli M. , Bordbar G. H. , Panah B. Eslam
Published: February 2023

In this work, we study the three-dimensional AdS gravitational vacuum stars (gravastars) in the context of gravity’s rainbow theory. Then we extend it by adding the Maxwell electromagnetic field. We compute the physical features of gravastars, such as proper length, energy, entropy, and junction conditions. Our results show that the physical parameters for charged and uncharged states depend significantly on rainbow functions. Besides from charged state, they also depend on the electric field. Finally, we explore the stability of thin shell of three-dimensional (un)charged AdS gravastars in gravity’s rainbow. We show that the structure of thin shell of these gravastars may be stable and is independent of the type of matter.
Confronting the vector leptoquark hypothesis with new low- and high-energy data
Authors: Aebischer Jason , Isidori Gino , Pesut Marko , Stefanek Ben A. , Wilsch Felix
Published: February 2023

In light of new data we present an updated phenomenological analysis of the simplified $$U_1$$

U
1

-leptoquark model addressing charged-current B-meson anomalies. The analysis shows a good compatibility of low-energy data (dominated by the lepton flavor universality ratios $$R_D$$

R
D

and $$R_{D^*}$$

R

D
∗

) with the high-energy constraints posed by $$pp\rightarrow \tau {\bar{\tau }}$$

p
p
→
τ

τ

¯

Drell-Yan data. We also show that present data are well compatible with a framework where the leptoquark couples with similar strength to both left- and right-handed third-generation fermions, a scenario that is well-motivated from a model building perspective. We find that the high-energy implications of this setup will be probed at the 95% confidence level in the high-luminosity phase of the LHC.
Origin and evolution of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Pagani Isabel , Ghezzi Silvia , Alberti Simone , Poli Guido , Vicenzi Elisa
Published: February 2023

SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus that emerged in China at the end of 2019 causing the severe disease known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2, as to the previously highly pathogenic human coronaviruses named SARS-CoV, the etiological agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), has a zoonotic origin, although SARS-CoV-2 precise chain of animal-to-human transmission remains undefined. Unlike the 2002–2003 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV whose extinction from the human population was achieved in eight months, SARS-CoV-2 has been spreading globally in an immunologically naïve population in an unprecedented manner. The efficient infection and replication of SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in the emergence of viral variants that have become predominant posing concerns about their containment as they are more infectious with variable pathogenicity in respect to the original virus. Although vaccine availability is limiting severe disease and death caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, its extinction is far to be close and predictable. In this regard, the emersion of the Omicron viral variant in November 2021 was characterized by humoral immune escape and it has reinforced the importance of the global monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 evolution. Given the importance of the SARS-CoV-2 zoonotic origin, it will also be crucial to monitor the animal-human interface to be better prepared to cope with future infections of pandemic potential.
Norm-controlled cohomology of transformation groups
Authors: Kimura Mitsuaki
Published: February 2023

We generalize the result of Brandenbursky and Marcinkowski for the bounded cohomology of transformation groups to the infinite volume case. To state the result, we introduce the notion of norm-controlled cohomology as a generalization of bounded cohomology. This cohomology theory also provides a framework for relative quasimorphisms.
ASSESSING IMPACTS OF ENERGY TRANSITION ON ENERGY SECURITY OF CHINA: STRATEGIES AND CHALLENGES
Authors: YIN YUWEI , LAM JASMINE SIU LEE
Published: February 2023

This study pioneers in quantitatively evaluating policies and commercial strategies of China to facilitate its coal-to-gas transition, concerning their impacts on energy security, especially for Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) import dependency and cost-effectiveness. An econometric approach is developed to examine the impacts of natural gas domestic production expansions, pipeline import expansions, and LNG price volatilities on LNG import. Empirical evidence reveals two challenges: (1) insufficient growth in domestic gas production to substitute and reduce import volumes via LNG shipping; (2) under increased import prices from major spot markets, LNG import volumes continued increasing, which implies cost ineffectiveness.
A study of breather lump wave, rogue wave, periodic cross kink wave, multi-wave, M-shaped rational and their interactions for generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation
Authors: Seadawy Aly R. , Rizvi Syed T. R. , Nimra
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we examine generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation (GNLSE) for lump, breather lump wave, rogue wave, periodic cross kink wave, lump with one kink, lump with two-kink, interaction between lump periodic and kink wave, periodic cross lump wave, periodic wave and multi-wave. Ansatz transformations will be used to study homoclinic breather, kink cross rational, M-shaped rational, periodic cross rational, M-shaped rational with one kink, M-shaped rational with two-kink, M-shaped interaction with rogue and kink and M-shaped interaction with periodic and kink. We will also study the stability of the obtained solutions. Additionally, we present three-dimensional, two-dimensional, contour, and stream plot illustrations for our graphs.
A study on shipowner’s behavior intention to cross dam by integrating SEM-SD model
Authors: Gao Pan , Li Siman , Zhao Xu , Hu Bin
Published: February 2023

Aiming at the navigation congestion of water conservancy projects, the shipowner’s psychological mechanism and behavior evolution are embedded into the dynamic model, which explores the evolution law using empirical data. The structural equation model (SEM) was constructed based on four variables: Shipowner personality, waiting time perception, congestion charging experience and anchorage environmental facilities (AEF). Taking the Three Gorges Project as an example, the influence relationship and degree are empirically tested. Then the dynamic evolution process was simulated by using the system dynamics (SD). The results suggest that the waiting time perception and congestion charge can weaken the shipowner’s intention, while the anchorage environment facilities can enhance the intention. The different personality characteristics will bring different effects, and the waiting time perception is the key intermediary. The psychological cost determines the dynamic evolution. Adjusting the factor can help the ship transfer between the navigable building and turning over the dam, realizing the balanced “double-channel” and alleviating navigation congestion.
Malicious encrypted network traffic flow detection using enhanced optimal deep feature selection with DLSTM
Authors: Hublikar Shivaraj , Shet N. Shekar V.
Published: February 2023

This paper plans to implement a novel detection model of maliciously encrypted internet protocol network flow using the deep structured concept. The major processing levels are (i) data collection, (ii) feature extraction, (iii) optimal feature selection, and (iv) detection. In the beginning, the standard dataset is taken from online databases. The deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) is introduced for the deep feature extraction process. The accurate features are chosen by the crossover decision-based krill herd algorithm (CD-KHA) which helps to minimize the training complexity of the deep structured architecture. These selected features are given to the hybridized deep learning with long short-term memory (LSTM) and deep neural network (DNN). Here, the structural design of the model is improved by the same CD-KHA. Through the comparison and analysis, the accuracy rate of the offered method shows higher performance than the other baseline approaches.
Development and Detailed Performance Study of a Carbon Paste Electrode for the Electrochemical Detection of Malachite Green
Authors: Dasgupta Samhita , Nag Shreya , Roy Runu Banerjee , Bandyopadhyay Rajib , Pramanik Panchanan , Das Deepak Kumar , Tudu Bipan
Published: February 2023

The present investigation aims to lighten a quick electrochemical detection technique of malachite green (MG) content using an easy and affordable carbon paste electrode (CPE). MG finds a wide area of application for controlling external fungi plus parasites on the fish egg for its antifungal and antiparasitic features. However, MG is noticed to be dreadfully poisonous and unsafe. Hence, the determination of MG in aquaculture is very much necessary. In this current report, the electrochemical behavior of CPE has been studied using a three-electrode system containing a silver-silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) reference electrode and a platinum counter electrode to record the corresponding cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) responses. CV plots in the applied potential range from 0.3 V to 1.5 V described a strong indication of MG existence, while DPV results successfully illustrated the quantification of several MG concentrations. The linear range of operation was from 10[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M to 1000[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M with the lowest limit of detection (LOD) as 0.78 [Formula: see text]M. Various concentrations like 50, 300, 600, 800, and 1000[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M were assessed via principal component analysis (PCA) with effective data clustering (separability index (SI) found as 131.08). The prediction estimations of MG content using PLSR (partial least square regression) along with PCR (principal component regression) algorithms were also carried out, resulting in 95.39% and 93.02% prediction accuracies, respectively. Moreover, applying this CPE over natural aqueous sample extracts exhibited a reasonable recovery rate of 94.85–97.3%.
Detection of Theophylline using Samarium Oxide Nanoparticles Ingrained Graphite Electrode
Authors: Moulick Madhurima , Nag Shreya , Das Debangana , Das Dipak , Bandyopadhyay Rajib , Pramanik Panchanan , Banerjee Roy Runu
Published: February 2023

In this overview, a significantly low-cost electrode for the quick determination of theophylline (THP) using graphite electrode ingrained with samarium oxide nanoparticles is fabricated. The electrochemical behavior of the fabricated electrode is studied in details using cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The electrode has shown a linear working range of 10–1000[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M with a low detection limit of 5 5.69[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M. The characteristics of the electrode are studied in terms of repeatability, reproducibility and stability with RSD values 1.59%, 2.04% and 5.33%. Two varieties of black tea were taken and successfully segregated using principal component analysis (PCA) tool with a separability index of 13.14. This study explicitly demonstrates a significant improvement in electrochemical detection of THP in tea samples using samarium oxide nanoparticles infused in the graphite paste. The novelty of this research work lies in the fact that these fabricated electrodes can be dipped into the tea samples directly with no pre-treatment, hence an easy estimation of the quality of tea sample is possible.
Addressing challenges in marine conservation with fish otoliths and their death assemblages
Authors: Leonhard Isabella , Agiadi Konstantina
Published: February 2023

Otolith death assemblages provide a valuable source of biological and ecological information that can help address three main problems in marine conservation: (a) the lack of pre-industrial, pre-human-impact baselines for evaluating change; (b) the inefficiency of survey methods for recording small and cryptic fish species; and (c) the absence of long-term data on environmental change impacts on marine ecosystems and fishes. We review here the current knowledge on the formation and preservation of otoliths and their death assemblages, and the methods to obtain, date and analyse them in order to detect changes in the species traits and ecology, the fish population structure and the palaeoceanographic shifts that drove them.
From geodiversity assessment to geosite analysis – a GIS-aided workflow from the Bakony–Balaton UNESCO Global Geopark, Hungary
Authors: Pál Márton , Albert Gáspár
Published: February 2023

Geodiversity and geosite assessments precede geoheritage and geotourism utilization. The process first determines the geodiversity value of an area (based on geoscientific attributions) and then the geotourism potential of the available sites. As a result, significant geosites can be identified, which are the bases for protection and tourism. During geosite assessment, scientific and infrastructural aspects are essential because spectacular sites and landscapes carrying intrinsic or visible values generate interest among tourists and professionals. In this study, a quantitative workflow to determine the geodiversity index over an area, evaluate geosites and monitor significant ones is presented. The study area is the Bakony–Balaton UNESCO Global Geopark, where no quantitative assessment was conducted previously. A GIS-based geodiversity analysis identified the most diverse areas which gave the basis for the geosite assessment done in a ‘geodiverse’ subregion of the geopark. The most important nine of the 75 identified potential geosites were chosen to examine the spatial variance of the assessment. By continuous monitoring, we got an image of what the visitors liked or did not like there. In this way, we were able to monitor the various opinions of geotourists to present unique development strategies for each of them. A connection between the location of geosites and the spatial distribution of geodiversity values was also determined by analysing and visualizing the connection between geodiversity and geosite assessment results.
Spatial decision-making support for geoheritage conservation in the urban and indigenous environment of the Auckland Volcanic Field, New Zealand
Authors: Németh Boglárka , Németh Károly
Published: February 2023

It is imperative today to make geoheritage conservation an essential part of all environmental standards and operational procedures. This is because geoheritage conservation secures the preservation of
in situ
geoheritage elements especially in urban environments such as Auckland. Geoheritage in Auckland is strongly associated with both indigenous culture and textbook geology of monogenetic volcanism, and it can play an important role in hazard forecasting and risk mitigation. To date, there has been a lack of policy or any planning tools based explicitly on the current geopreservation inventory. Here, we present an approach to support policy making informed by a spatial multi-criteria analysis that has long been used in environmental decision-making, supported by multi-layer mapping. A systematic literature review was undertaken to define the most accepted assessment criteria used in geoheritage evaluation. We identified six criteria for the base spatial layers of our analysis, highlighting the most suitable areas for geoheritage conservation. For cultural conservation, we used available archaeological shape files, indigenous land ownership data and elevation data (the volcanic cones had multiple roles in the life of first settlers, the ancestors of the Māori). Geographic Information Systems (GIS) multi-objective land use planning is an effective procedure for achieving complex planning and preservation objectives. It allows for outcomes based on quality data and sound analysis while minimizing compromise and conflict between geoheritage, social and cultural values.
Isotope Effects and the Atmosphere
Authors: Carlstad Julia M. , Boering Kristie A.
Published: February 2023

Chemical physics plays a large role in determining the isotopic compositions of gases in Earth's atmosphere, which in turn provide fundamental insights into the sources, sinks, and transformations of atmospheric gases and particulates and their influence on climate. This review focuses on the kinetic and photolysis isotope effects relevant to understanding the isotope compositions of atmospheric ozone, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and other gases and their historical context. The discussion includes non-mass-dependent isotope compositions of oxygen-containing species and a brief overview of the recent growth of clumped isotope measurements at natural isotopic abundances, that is, of molecules containing more than one rare isotope. The intention is to introduce chemistry researchers to the field of using isotope compositions as tracers of atmospheric chemistry and climate both today and back in time through ice and rock records and to highlight the outstanding research questions to which experimental and theoretical physical chemists can contribute.
Photocatalytic and Antimicrobial Performance Evaluation of Reusable MoS2 Nanoflowers under Visible Light
Authors: Selvaraj Senthilnathan , Francis Mathew K. , Bhargav P. Balaji , Ahmed Nafis
Published: February 2023

2D semiconductor material, Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS2), with unique properties similar to that of graphene, is considered as a potential candidate for photocatalytic and antimicrobial applications. In the current work, MoS2 was prepared by a simple hydrothermal method using sodium molybdate and thiourea as precursors. The calculated band gap values of MoS2 grown at 200 °C and 180 °C were 2.1 eV and 1.98 eV, respectively. Flower like morphology was observed from FESEM analysis. Multi layered structure of MoS2 was confirmed from the difference the peak value obtained for A1g and E1
2g vibrational modes observed from Raman spectra. The reusability of the synthesized MoS2 was analyzed against MB dye degradation. The pristine MoS2 removed ∼98% of the dye molecules from the water under the minimum wattage (20 W) of visible light in 180 min. The catalyst retained good stability even after the third degradation, confirming the reusability of MoS2. The disk diffusion method was used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the grown MoS2 nanostructures. The gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria used in present study were Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Bacillus serius. Investigation of the antibacterial activity of MoS2 against these four different pathogens was carried out in detail and the resistance function was measured.
Examining the impact of the core principles of physiology with prelicensure BSN and BSES students: a qualitative analysis
Authors: Mahaffey Angela L.
Published: February 2023

This article will 1) outline prelicensure nursing and exercise sciences student perspective examinations of the 2011 Michael-McFarland (M-M 2011) core principles in physiology through an anonymous online survey, and 2) model an updated approach largely based on qualitative survey responses from first-year nursing students. As a result, the author presents a “Top Ten” List of Core Principles of Human Physiology for Undergraduate Health Professions students.
Functional TFEB activation characterizes multiple models of renal cystic disease and loss of polycystin-1
Authors: Shillingford Jonathan M. , Shayman James A.
Published: February 2023

Changes in epithelial cell metabolism are important in renal cyst development. The role of TFEB, a transcriptional regulator of lysosomal function, was explored in several models of renal cystic disease and human ADPKD tissue sections. Nuclear TFEB translocation was uniformly observed in cystic epithelia in each model of renal cystic disease examined. TFEB translocation was functionally active and associated with lysosomal biogenesis and perinuclear repositioning, increased TFEB-associated protein expression, and activation of autophagic flux. Compound C1, a TFEB agonist, promoted cyst growth in 3-D cultures of MDCK cells. Nuclear TFEB translocation is an underappreciated signaling pathway for cystogenesis that may represent a new paradigm for cystic kidney disease.
Measurement of 24-h continuous human CH4 release in a whole room indirect calorimeter
Authors: Carnero E. A. , Bock C. P. , Liu Y. , Corbin K. , Wohlers-Kariesch E. , Ruud K. , Moon J. , Marcus A. , Krajmalnik-Brown R. , Muraviev A. , Vodopyanov K. L. , Smith S. R.
Published: February 2023

This is the first time that continuous assessment of CH4 is reported in parallel with measurements of O2 consumption and CO2 production inside a whole room indirect calorimeter in humans and over 24 h. We provide a detailed description of the whole system and its parts. We carried out studies of reliability and validity of the whole system and its parts. CH4 is released in humans during daily activities.
Prolonged sitting and peripheral vascular function: potential mechanisms and methodological considerations
Authors: Pekas Elizabeth J. , Allen Michael F. , Park Song-Young
Published: February 2023

Sitting time is associated with increased risks for subclinical atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease development, and this is thought to be partially due to sitting-induced disturbances in macro- and microvascular function as well as molecular imbalances. Despite surmounting evidence supporting these claims, contributing mechanisms to these phenomena remain largely unknown. In this review, we discuss evidence for potential mechanisms of sitting-induced perturbations in peripheral hemodynamics and vascular function and how these potential mechanisms may be targeted using active and passive muscular contraction methods. Furthermore, we also highlight concerns regarding the experimental environment and population considerations for future studies. Optimizing prolonged sitting investigations may allow us to not only better understand the hypothesized sitting-induced transient proatherogenic environment but to also enhance methods and devise mechanistic targets to salvage sitting-induced attenuations in vascular function, which may ultimately play a role in averting atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease development.