bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Use of WhatsApp as a Learning Media in Class 5 Madrasah Ibtidaiyah During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Putra Dwiki Sayoga , Arifin Moch Bahak Udin By
Published: October 2022

This study aims to describe: (1) The use of WhatsApp as a learning medium during the Covid-19 pandemic (2) The obstacles that occur in the use of WhatsApp as a learning medium during the Covid-19 pandemic (3) The solutions to overcome obstacles in the use of WhatsApp as a learning medium during the Covid-19 pandemic. The research location is at MI Nurul Huda Ngampelsari Sidoarjo with the research subjects being grade 5 students. This research is qualitative in nature with data collection using observation, interviews, and documentation.
The Relationship Between Self-Regulated Learning and Academic Stress During Online Learning for University Students
Authors: Linayanti Dian Putri , Laili Nurfi
Published: October 2022

This study aims to determine the relationship between Self Regulated Learning and Academic Stress During Online Learning in Psychology Study Program Students, University of Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo. The variables contained in this study are self-regulated learning as the independent variable and academic stress as the dependent variable. This research uses non - probability sampling technique . The number of samples used were 248 students. The results in this study indicate a correlation coefficient of -0.466 with a significance value of 0.000 <0.05, it can be concluded that there is a negative relationship between self-regulated learning and academic stress. This means that the higher self-regulated learning during online learning, the lower academic stress during online learning experienced by psychology study program students at Muhammadiyah University of Sidoarjo, on the other hand, if self-regulated learning is lower, academic stress during online learning will be higher.
Students' Mathematical Problem Solving Ability in Elementary School
Authors: Putri Utami Dwi Siska , Setiyawati Enik
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this study was to describe the results of a literature study on mathematical problem solving abilities in elementary schools.  This research uses a qualitative descriptive study approach with the type of literature study research.  This research is a literature study or library research that describes descriptively the mathematical problem solving abilities of students in elementary schools.  The subjects of this study were elementary school students related to their ability to solve mathematical problems.  The data sources for this research are secondary data obtained from scientific journals or articles related to the problems discussed.  The data will be analyzed using descriptive analysis techniques.  The results showed that students' mathematical problem solving abilities still tended to be low.  Students have not achieved all of the problem solving indicators.  The factors that influence students' mathematical problem solving abilities include prior knowledge, appreciation of mathematics, logical mathematical intelligence, experience, motivation, skills, self-confidence and teachers.
Strengthening the Value of Independent Characters Through Blended Learning Models During the Covid 19 Period
Authors: Widhi Oktavian Anisa , Wahyuni Akhtim
Published: October 2022

This study aims to describe the Strengthening of Independent Character Values through Blended Learning Models at Mi Ma'arif Kedungsolo Class V during the Covid 19 period. The type of research below is a qualitative descriptive study. The research subjects were principals, teachers, students, and parents of students. This research was conducted in July – December 2021. The data techniques used were observation, interviews, and documentation. The technique of checking the validity of the data is by using technical triangulation. The results showed that (1) learning was carried out with students divided into two, namely students studying at home and studying in class, for students studying in class using whatsapp, youtube, live instagram. The learning process is carried out directly face to face and half of the students are done online. (2) The instilling of independent character values is carried out by teachers by emphasizing students on independence in doing school assignments, school assignments in the form of doing questions in students' books, as well as several school assignments made by teachers which students answer directly through class questions. Obstacles to the application of blended learning in the cultivation of independent character values in class V MI Ma’arif Kedungsolo include; in classroom learning students do not have problems, but for learning activities carried out online students have problems, namely the lack of material explanation from the teacher, learning only gives assignments via whatsapp messages.
The Effect of Learning Facilities on the Learning Achievement of Class V Students
Authors: Rasyidah Listiana Hidayat Rasyidah , Rindaningsih Ida
Published: October 2022

The main purpose of this study was to determine whether or not these learning facilities had an effect on the achievement of class V students. This study used a quantitative method to determine the effect of learning facilities on student achievement in class V MI Nurul Huda Ngampelsari. This study uses primary data in the form of questionnaires, and secondary data in the form of observation and documentation. Researchers used a population of 83 people who were students of class V MI Nurul Huda Ngampelsari, and samples were obtained from classes Va and Vb, totaling 56 students. The data analysis technique used tabulation of the questionnaire results using a Likert scale which was then processed using the SPSS application. The results showed a significance value of 0.007 ttable 2,004. From these figures, it can be concluded that there is an influence of learning facilities on the learning achievement of students of Class V MI Nurul Huda Ngampelsari. The result of the coefficient of determination or R Square is at 0.099 which means that the influence of the learning facilities variable on the learning achievement variable is 9.9% and the remaining 90.1% is influenced by variables not examined.
The Effect of the Environmental Learning Model on the Character of Care for the Environment of Class IV Student
Authors: Saniyah Sayidatus , Wahyuni M. Ag Dr. Akhtim
Published: October 2022

This research is motivated by the use of the Environmental Learning model because students do not maintain the cleanliness of the school environment in learning obtained from grade IV observations at SDN Pangkemiri 1. This study aims to determine whether there is a level of environmental care character before and after the environmental learning model is treated in grade IV students SDN Pangkemiri 1. This type of research uses quantitative. While the method uses experimental design with pre-experimental design in the form of one group pretest-posttest where the results of the treatment can be known before and after being given treatment using the Environmental Learning learning model for the character of environmental care for fourth grade students at SDN Pangkemiri 1. The research technique uses sampling with sampling type saturated. Retrieval of data in this study is to use a questionnaire sheet environmental care. Questionnaire sheets were given to students before and after being treated using the Environmental Learning model. From the results of the average analysis before being given treatment (pretest) and after being given treatment (posttest) there was a change, the average value before being given treatment (pretest) was 2.342 while the average value after being given treatment (posttest) was 3.271 . So it can be concluded that there is an influence between the Environmental Learning learning model on the caring character of the fourth grade students at SDN Pangkemiri 1. Then the calculation of the eta square test results is 0.776, which has a big effect because the count value is more than 0.14.
Development of Android-Based E-Modules in Basic Computer and Networking Subjects for Class 10 Vocational High School Students
Authors: Efendi Izzathy Aisyah , Untari Rahmania Sri
Published: October 2022

The use of android-based learning facilities as teaching materials for students is a solution to facilitate understanding of practicum material in online learning. This study aims to determine the development and feasibility of an Android-based E-module in computer and basic network subjects at SMK 1 Antarctica, Sidoarjo. This type of research is Research and Development (R&D) using the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation (ADDIE) development model. The feasibility test was carried out by media experts and material experts as well as the results of student responses, the results of the validity of this study obtained a percentage of 94% in the "Very Eligible" category for the media and a percentage of 92% with the "Very Eligible" category for the material, and a percentage of 81% with the category " Very Eligible” for the students' responses. Based on these results, it can be concluded that Android-based E-modules in basic computer and network subjects are very feasible to be used as alternative learning media.
Analysis of Students' Critical Thinking Ability Through Problem-Based Learning Model
Authors: Putra M. Imam Amanda , Setiyawati Enik
Published: October 2022

This study discusses the analysis of students' critical thinking skills through a problem-based learning model. With this, the researcher found a problem that needed to be researched. The problem is about how the results of a literature study on critical thinking skills of elementary school students through the use of problem-based learning models in science learning. This problem makes the researcher take a qualitative descriptive research approach using the literature study method. Sources of data obtained from journals, articles and other previous research. Sources of data taken in the study must be maximum within the last ten years. The results obtained from the research are that there are 15 previous studies with 35 total content of critical thinking indicators and there is relevance of the five critical thinking indicators in influencing the improvement of critical thinking skills of elementary school students through the use of problem-based learning models.
Application of Environmental Education in Elementary School
Authors: Solika Dia Nikmatus , Amrullah Mukhlasin
Published: October 2022

This study aims to describe the planning and implementation of environmental education, as well as to find out the obstacles faced in the implementation of environmental education in SD Muhammadiyah 1 Krembung. This research is a qualitative research. The research subjects used were teachers and students of SD Muhammadiyah 1 Krembung. Data collection techniques using interviews, observation and documentation. Test the validity of the data in this study using triangulation. From the presentation of data and discussion, the results of the research on environmental education planning at SD Muhammadiyah 1 Krembung started from several steps which included selecting learning materials in elementary schools, then analyzing learning objectives and environmental education to be achieved. , it conducts a goal analysis of environmental problems that has been carried out with discussion, after evaluating the tool and the last is Making a concept map of living learning. The application of environmental education in SD Muhammadiyah 1 Krembung refers to the indicators of environmental education in schools and in the classroom, mostly has been realized, including the habit of maintaining the maintenance and preservation of the school environment, Availability of garbage disposal and hand washing facilities, Energy saving habituation, habituation of separating types of organic and non-organic waste, Providing clean equipment cleaning, Programming to love a clean environment, cleaning the school yard. maintain evaluation tools and the last is to create a learning concept map oriented to environmental education.
The Effect of The Self Regulated Learning Model on Students' Learning Independence During The Covid 19 Pandemic
Authors: Nuril Agustina Eka , Wahyuni Akhtim
Published: October 2022

This study aims to determine whether there is an effect of the self-regulated learning model on student learning independence during the COVID-19 pandemic in grade 4 SDN Kedung Solo Porong. This type of research is a quantitative experiment with the type of pre-experimental designs in the form of one-group pretest-posttest design. The instrument in this study uses pretest and posttest questionnaire instruments. The samples in this study were 4th grade students at SDN Kedung Solo. The results showed that there was an effect of the self-regulated learning model on students' independent learning which was obtained t count = 4.415, so the t table was 2.040. Because 4,415 > 2,040 Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted, it means that there is a significant difference. The calculation of the large influence test shows that 0.69 > 0.14 which interprets the self regulated learning model on student learning independence during the covid 19 pandemic in grade 4 SDN Kedung Solo Porong by 48.59 % in the category of big influence.
Strengthening the Honest Character of Grade 3 Students at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah during the Covid-19 Period
Authors: Oktafiani Puput , Wahyuni Akhtim
Published: October 2022

This study aims to determine the teacher's strategy in providing strengthening the honest character of third grade students at MI Muhammadiyah 2 Kedung Banteng during the covid-19 period, to find out the obstacles faced by teachers in strengthening the honest character of third grade students at MI Muhammadiyah 2 Kedung Banteng during the covid-19 period. 19. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach. The research subjects were the principal, teachers, and students at Mi Muhammadiyah 2 Kedung Banteng. This study uses data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis used steps of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The validity of the data using triangulation of data sources and techniques. The results showed that the strategy used by the teacher to implement character education in the teaching and learning process in the classroom was by being an example for students and teaching moral values ​​in each lesson. There are 4 inhibiting factors in efforts to build the character of third grade students at MI Muhammadiyah 2 Kedung Banteng. Limited time, Lack of attention from parents of students, Influence of the surrounding environment, Lack of communication.
The Correlation of Parents' Roles on Beginning Reading Ability of Grade 1 Students During Home Learning
Authors: Sari Febyanti Nourma , Wachidah Kemil
Published: October 2022

This research is motivated by the fact that in class 1 SDN Candiharjo there are several students who are experiencing problems related to their reading ability. Moreover, the learning process is a lot and is often done at home, due to the conditions during the pandemic which requires him to study at home with his parents. Therefore, the researcher wants to examine whether there is a relationship between the role of parents during the learning process at home with the early reading ability of grade 1 students. So the purpose of this study is to find a correlation between the two. This researcher uses a quantitative correlation research approach. Collecting data in this study used a questionnaire on the role of parents and assessment of the reading ability of grade 1 students. The results of this study indicate that there is a positive correlation between the role of parents on the early reading ability of grade 1 students with very strong significance.
Efforts to Imporove Students Reading Comprehension Skills During the Face to Face Learning Period are Limited Through the Speed Reading Method in Elementari School
Authors: Azariska Titah , Liansari Vevy
Published: October 2022

Lack of interest in reading in students can affect reading comprehension ability. Meanwhile, during the limited face-to-face learning period like today, students are required to be able to understand a reading quickly and precisely. The use of the speed reading method can help students find the main sentence in the reading they are reading. This study aims to: Knowing whether or not there is an influence on students in elementary schools. This study uses a quantitative experimental approach, with a research design using One Group Pretest – Posttest. The sample in this study was the fourth grade students of SDN Kalitengah II, totaling 21 students. Collecting data in this study used pre-test and post-test sheets in the form of description questions. In this study found the results of the analysis as follows. Before using the speed reading method (pre-test) the learning outcomes of students were categorized as very low with the percentage of results less than 60 80.96%, low 19.04%, medium 0% high 0%, very high 0%. After using the speed reading (post-test) method, very low 5.55%, low 0%, moderate 0%, high 77.78%, very high 16.67%. Based on the hypothesis test t Count 4.35 and t Table 1.725, then obtained tCount > tTable 4.35 > 1.725 then H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. So that the speed reading method affects the reading ability of students.
The Effect of Mind Mapping Method on The Result of Science Learning on Theme 7 Sub-Them 1 Students of Grade IV
Authors: Amalia Kharizma Rizqi , Efendi Nur
Published: October 2022

This study aims to improve science learning outcomes for grade IV students of SDIT Ainul Yaqin using the mind mapping method. Furthermore, this study aims to determine how much influence the mind mapping method has on the science learning outcomes of grade IV students. This study uses experimental quantitative method with One-Group Pretest-Posttest. Based on the results of the N-gain scores, as many as 8 students experienced an increase in their learning outcomes. A total of 5 students experienced an increase in grades in the high category and as many as 3 students in the medium category.With a percentage of 62.5% increase in learning outcomes in the high category and 37.5% increase in learning outcomes in the medium category. The conclusion that applying the mind mapping method in science learning on theme 7 sub-theme 1 can improve science learning outcomes for grade IV students of SDIT Ainul Yaqin.
Information System for Wedding Service Ordering Based on Web
Authors: Baharsyah Muhammad Ronaldo , Astutik Ika Ratna Indra
Published: October 2022

Wedding Organizer itself is one of the special services that helps the bride, their families in planning and supervising the implementation of the entire events of the wedding plan according to a predetermined schedule from the wedding ceremony, traditional ceremonies, aisles, etc. Such as the Imagine Wedding Organizer which is one of the cases in this study. In Imagine Wedding Organizer, the system used is still manual. Therefore, in this final report the author provides suggestions in the form of ordering web-based computerized Wedding Event Services. Where the system design uses Unifeld Modeling Language (UML) with the Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) programming language, MYSQL database, and uses the Waterfall system development method and uses a system testing method called the BlackBox Testing Method. The result of this research is the establishment of a WEB-based Wedding Event Service Ordering Information System on Imagine Organizer. With the establishment of this system is expected to make it easier for customers to place orders.
Optimization of Wire Electrical Discharge Machining of Inconel-625
Authors: Nsanzumuhire Claver , Munyazikwiye Bernard , Niyigaba Vincent , Bernard Ikua
Published: October 2022

Inconel-625 is a nickel-alloy based material with superior properties such as high fatigue strength, high hardness, and oxidation resistance. These properties make it suitable for applications in marine, aerospace, and power generation industries. Due to its high hardness, the material is difficult to machine by conventional machining methods such as turning, milling or grinding. For this reason, an alternative method known as Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) can be adopted for such materials. In this paper, WEDM is optimized through Taguchi optimization technique. Inconel-625 plates of 10 mm thickness were used as specimen in experimental work. It was found out that, the minimum surface roughness (SR) can be achieved for pulse-on time ( t on ), wire feed rate ( f w ) and gap voltage ( v g ) of 0.4 µ s, 8 mm/min and 68 V, respectively. It was also observed that for maximum material removal rate (MRR), the pulse-on time, wire feed rate and gap voltage should be 0.6 µ s, 10 mm/min, and 56 V, respectively. Finally, for improved material removal rate and surface roughness, it was observed that the pulse-on time, wire feed rate, and gap voltage should be 0.5 µ s, 8 mm/min, and 62 V, respectively.
“Crack on”: a qualitative study of care home managers experiences and responses to system-led setbacks during the crisis of the COVID-19 Pandemic in England
Authors: Marshall Fiona , Gordon Adam , Gladman John , Bishop Simon
Published: October 2022

Objectives To explore care home managers’ experiences of systems working with various organisations, including statutory, third sector and private, during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic from April 2020 to January 2021
Design An exploratory qualitative interview study using a systems theory approach focussing on the intersections of relationship interdependencies with other organisations.
Setting Conducted remotely with care home managers and key advisors who had worked since the start of the pandemic in/with care homes for older people across the East Midlands, UK.
Participants 8 care home managers and 2 end-of-life advisors who participated during the second wave of the pandemic from November 2020. A total of 18 care home managers participated from April 2020 to January 2021
Results Four organisational relationship interdependencies were identified: care practices, resources governance and wise working. Managers identified changes in their care practices as a shift towards the normalisation of care, with an emphasis on navigating pandemic restrictions to fit the context. Resources such as staffing, specialist reviews, pharmaceutical and equipment supplies were challenged, leading to a sense of precarity and tension. National polices and local guidance were fragmented, complex and disconnected from the reality of managing a care home. As a response a highly pragmatic reflexive style of management was identified which encompassed the use of mastery to navigate and in some cases circumvent official systems and mandates. Managers’ experience of persistent and multiple setbacks were viewed as negative and confirmed their views that care homes as a sector ere marginalised by policy makers and statutory bodies.
Conclusions Interactions with various organisations shaped the ways in which care home managers responded to and sought to maximise residents and staff well-being. Some relationships dissolved over time, such as when local business and schools returned to normal obligations. Other newly formed relationships became more robust including those with other care home managers, families, and hospices. Significantly, most managers viewed their relationship with local authority and national statutory bodies as detrimental to effective working, leading to a sense of increased mistrust and ambiguity. Key opportunities were lost to effectively engage the care home sector by statutory organisations who were perceived as relying excessively on mandate and regulation.
Eye-Tracking Dataset to Support the Research on Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Cilia Federica , Carette Romuald , Elbattah Mahmoud , Guérin Jean-Luc , Dequen Gilles
Published: October 2022

The availability of data is a key enabler for researchers across different disciplines. However, domains, such as healthcare, are still fundamentally challenged by the paucity and imbalance of datasets. Health data could be inaccessible due to a variety of hurdles such as privacy concerns, or lack of sharing incentives. In this regard, this study aims to publish an eye-tracking dataset developed for the purpose of autism diagnosis. Eye-tracking methods are used intensively in that context, whereas abnormalities of the eye gaze are largely recognised as the hallmark of autism. As such, it is believed that the dataset can allow for developing useful applications or discovering interesting insights. As well, Machine Learning is a potential application for developing diagnostic models that can help detect autism at an early stage of development.
Converging cultures? A comparative analysis of South Korea and Sweden’s national curricula, 1980–2018
Authors: Boman Björn , Mosesson Marcus
Published: October 2022

Relating to world culture theory, this article aimed to discern similarities and differences between the South Korean national curriculum (1981, 2015) and the Swedish national curriculum (1980, 2018) and a set of complementary documents, both more broadly and with special emphasis on middle school level mathematics education. The findings suggest that the latest curricula accentuate knowledge and skills. However, Sweden’s national curriculum underlines knowledge and values, while the South Korean counterpart stresses character education and a ‘well-rounded personality’. Mathematics education has not changed much since 1980 in both countries. However, cosmopolitan tendencies are more present in the latest Korean curriculum. Overall, an unequivocal converging effect has not been discerned.
Experimental and Theoretical Investigations on the Modulation Capabilities of Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser Diodes for Atomic Vapour Applications
Authors: Amtmann Christoph , Lammegger Roland , Betzler Alexander , Agú Martín , Ellmeier Michaela , Hagen Christian , Jernej Irmgard , Magnes Werner , Pollinger Andreas , Ernst Wolfgang E.
Published: October 2022

This paper discusses various frequency modulation and intensity modulation capabilities within a sample of direct laser current modulated identical vertical cavity surface emitting laser diodes. The presented analysis is based on measurements of the spectral amplitudes as a function of the applied modulation power at a constant modulation frequency of 3.517 GHz. Their evaluation by Bessel function fits produces the three modulation parameters: frequency modulation index, intensity modulation index (via the α parameter) and the side band asymmetry of the first order side bands. The variation of the laser diode’s modulation capability is discussed. It is found that the individual laser diodes show a large variation in their modulation capabilities. This requires the selection of suitable laser diodes as a laser source for atomic vapour applications with the special emphasis on a coherent population trapping based scalar magnetometers
An unusual origin of a ZW sex chromosome system
Authors: Hu Nan , Sanderson Brian , Guo Minghao , Feng Guanqiao , Gambhir Diksha , Hale Haley , Wang Deyan , Hyden Brennan , Liu Jianquan , Ma Tao , DiFazio Stephen , Smart Lawrence , Olson Matthew
Published: October 2022

Transitions in the heterogamety of sex chromosomes (e.g. XY to ZW or vice versa) are rare and fundamentally alter the genetic basis of sex determination. Although in an XY->ZW transition the W is more likely to arise from the X because they both carry feminizing genes and the X is expected to harbor less genetic load than the Y, here we show that both the W and the Z have arisen from the Y in willows (Salix). The new Z chromosome shared multiple homologous putative masculinizing factors with the ancestral Y, whereas the new W lost these masculinizing factors and gained feminizing factors. The origination of both the W and Z from the Y was permitted by an unexpectedly low genetic load on the Y and indicates that the origins of sex chromosomes during homologous transitions may be more flexible than previously considered.
Chromatin accessibility profiling reveals that human fibroblasts respond to mechanical stimulation in a cell specific manner
Authors: Logan Niall J , Pantelireis Nikolaos , Camman Marie , Williams Greg , Higgins Claire A
Published: October 2022

Background: Fibroblasts in the skin are highly heterogeneous, both in vivo and in vitro. One intriguing difference between follicular and interfollicular fibroblasts in vitro is their ability to differentiate in response to osteogenic media, or mechanical stimulation. In this study, we asked whether differences in the ability to respond to differentiation stimuli are due to baseline differences in chromatin accessibility. Results: We performed chromatin accessibility and transcriptional profiling of two fibroblast subtypes found in human skin, which arise from a common progenitor during development yet display distinct characteristics in adult tissue and in vitro. We found that when cells were grown in regular growth media (GM) in culture they had unique chromatin accessibility profiles, however, these profiles control similar functional networks. When we introduced a chemical perturbation and grew cells in osteogenic media (OM) to promote differentiation, we observed a divergence not only in the accessible chromatin signatures but also in the functional networks controlled by these signatures. The biggest divergence was observed when we applied two perturbations to cells; growth in OM combined with mechanical stimulation in the form of a shock wave (OMSW). Here, in one of the fibroblast subtypes we found a number of uniquely accessible promoters which controlled osteogenic interaction networks associated with bone and differentiation functions. This fibroblast subtype also readily differentiates into bone in OMSW conditions, while the other fibroblast subtype under analysis lacks differentiation capability in vitro. Conclusions: Using ATAC-seq and RNA-seq we found that a combination of two stimuli could result significant and specific changes in chromatin accessibility associated with osteogenic differentiation, but only within the fibroblast sub-type capable of osteogenic differentiation. Our results suggest that these two stimuli elicit this cell specific response by modifying chromatin accessibility of osteogenic related gene promoters.
E-anatomy Kit: An Innovative and Hybrid Tool for Gross Anatomy of Respiratory System Digital Practical
Authors:   Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia, Choy Ker Woon , Adib Ridzuan Nurul Raudzah ,   Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia, Zaidun Nurul Hannim ,   Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia, Rosani Nurul Sazmi ,   Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia, Haslan Haszianaliza ,   Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia, Muhamad Yunus Syumaimah ,   Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia, Sharifuddin Mohd Shahril ,   Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia, Zakaria Naizah ,   Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia, Abd Rahman Faridah ,   Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia, Togeman Juriah ,   Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia, Sopian Chairul ,   Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia, Mohd Fathir Mohd Fayaz Amin ,   Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia, Jaafar Jamil ,   Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
Published: October 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly affects medical education in anatomy. The new learning environment has lost face-to-face contact, cadaveric dissection and access to anatomy museum which are perceived as the signature methods in anatomy education. E-anatomy kit is a non-conventional teaching modality innovated as an alternative to the gross practical session. The e-anatomy kit was designed to improve the virtual practical experience for first year medical students of the Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. E-anatomy kit consists of: (a) pre-recorded cadaveric demonstration, (b) 3D4Medical Complete Anatomy app, (c) interactive diagram labelling, (d) schematic diagram, and (e) mnemonic. From educational perspective, the e-anatomy kit is in line with the active learning approach and collaborative learning; its instructional design follows the principles of the Cognitive Load Theory. This article describes the components and systematic approach of e-anatomy kit as a new method for teaching gross anatomy of respiratory system during virtual practical, which is useful for anatomy educators.
Prevalence of Internet Addiction and Its Relationship with Psychological Distress Among Medical Students in a Malaysian Public University
Authors:   Department of Medical Education, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, Loh Faiza Hasan Ansari , Ismail Muhd Al-Aarifin ,   School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia,   Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, Yusoff Muhamad Saiful Bahri ,   Department of Medical Education, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, Fadzil Nor Asyikin ,   Department of Psychiatry, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia,   Department of Psychiatry, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
Published: October 2022

The internet is an essential part of our daily lives. Studies have reported various impacts of internet addiction on humans, including anxiety, stress and depression. The current study explores the prevalence of internet addiction and its relationship with psychological distress among medical students in Malaysian public university. The current cross-sectional study was performed among second- to fifth-year Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) medical students in the late 2019. The Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) were used to gather data. The data collected were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24.0. A Spearman correlation test and simple linear regression were used for the data analysis. A total of 386 medical students (96.5% response rate) participated in this study. Data analysis found that the prevalence of internet addiction among USM medical students was 6.7%. The results indicated a significant positive relationship between internet addiction and psychological distress. Extensive use of the internet was found to be associated with elevated levels of depression, stress and anxiety. Findings regarding the effects of internet addiction are similar to those in other studies conducted among Malaysian medical students. This study has provided essential insights into the relationship between internet addiction and psychological distress among medical students. Further investigation should be undertaken to explore other possibly addicted groups. Higher education providers should be aware of these internet addiction issues among their students and interventions should be introduced to tackle this problem.
Validating the Medical Education e-Professionalism Framework Using the Content Validity Index
Authors:   School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Medical University of Bahrain, Bahrain, Guraya Shaista Salman , Yusoff Muhamad Saiful Bahri ,   Department of Medical Education, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, Mat Nor Mohd Zarawi ,   Department of Medical Education, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, Fredericks Salim ,   School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Medical University of Bahrain, Bahrain, Rashid-Doubell Fiza ,   School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Medical University of Bahrain, Bahrain, Harkin Denis W ,   Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences Dublin, Ireland, Guraya Yousuf ,   College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, UAE
Published: October 2022

The digital realm has changed the evolving landscape of medical professionalism. In this context, the authors have developed the Medical Education e-Professionalism (MEeP) framework to navigate the desired competencies of healthcare professionals in the digital world. This mission-based framework has three constructs of professional values, behaviours and identity, each with several relevant competencies. To determine the content validity of the MEeP framework, we adopted a systematic approach using the content validity index (CVI) by engaging six subject experts in the field. During an online meeting, a brief overview of MEeP was provided, and experts interacting in a real-time manner provided numerical ratings and free-text comments for each competency of all three constructs. The CVI scores ranged between 0.83 and 1.0, indicating acceptable content validity of all 12 items of the three MEeP constructs. Nine out of 12 items (conformity, benevolence, universalism and integrity [values]; communication and self-awareness [behaviour]; reflective, conscientious and self-actualisation [identity]) were unanimously deemed relevant by all experts. However, five out of six experts agreed on tolerance, power and self-direction items. After incorporating the experts’ opinions, the validated MEeP framework retained these three constructs. However, the comments of one expert regarding the self-awareness competency in the behaviour construct were given extra attention. We transferred the self-awareness competency from behaviour to the identity construct definition, making it a highly desirable attribute alongside self-regulation. The validated MEeP framework can now be effectively used by healthcare professionals to acquire the desired professional competencies in the digital realm.
Emotional Intelligence Among Medical Students and Its Relationship with Burnout
Authors:   Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia, Daud Norwati , Abdul Rahim Ahmad Fuad ,   Department of Medical Education, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, Mat Pa Mohamad Najib ,   Department of Medical Education, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, Ahmad Anisa ,   Department of Medical Education, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, Yusof Nurul Azreen ,   Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia, Mat Hassan Nurulhuda ,   Department of Medical Education, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, Idris Nur Aiza ,   Department of Medical Education, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
Published: October 2022

Burnout is associated with stress and mental health issues among medical students. Based on the previous studies, emotional intelligence (EI) has been proven to be protective against burnout. This cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2019 to January 2020 involving 182 medical students from a public university in Terengganu, Malaysia. The objective was to determine the level of EI among medical students and its relationship with burnout. They were requested to answer an online questionnaire that consisted of the Universiti Sains Malaysia Emotional Quotient Inventory (USMEQ-i) and Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI). The mean score for students’ EI and burnout were calculated. The relationship between EI and burnout was analysed using Pearson correlation. Further analysis was done using simple linear regression. The findings show that more than half of the medical students had a high EI score (n = 105, 57.5%). The overall mean (SD) score of EI was 2.85 (0.52) which is also in the high category. The social competence domain score was noted to be higher than the personal competence domain. Burnout had a fair negative correlation with EI and it was statistically significant (r = –0.395, p < 0.001). An increase in one unit of the EI score will decrease the burnout score by 12.25 units. Thus, EI was significantly and negatively correlated with burnout among medical students. As it may play a role in helping medical students cope with stress and prevent burnout, training in EI is essential for their future professional development.
Critical Thinking Transfer Practice Instrument: A Content Validity Calculation Steps Based on Expert Panel Evaluation
Authors:   Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia, Mat Said Noor Azura , Bujang Siti Mariam ,   Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia, Buang Nor Aishah ,   Centre of STEM Enculturation, Faculty of Education, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia, Siraj@Ramli Harlina Halizah ,   Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia, Awang Besar Mohd Nasri ,   Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
Published: October 2022

Development of critical thinking instruments only focus on learning effectiveness, thus lacking the instrument measuring critical thinking transfer practice (CTTP) specific for medical undergraduates. This study aimed to develop an instrument that can measure CTTP amongst medical undergraduates in Malaysia with the primary focus on describing the steps for content validity calculation. A quantitative survey approach was applied through written questionnaire. Eight experts from public universities in Malaysia were selected through judgement sampling. The content validity calculation steps are presented in detail in form of content validity index (CVI) and modified Kappa coefficient (κ*) score. The validity test involved 216 items, representing six sub-constructs. Item-level CVI (I-CVI), κ* score and scale-level CVI (S-CVI) were calculated for evaluation criteria, namely, relevance, clarity and representativeness of each item. Results revealed that 213 out of 216 items were rated as appropriate (I-CVI ≥ 0.80) on all the evaluation criteria. From 213 items, 133 outstanding items were included in the instrument. After items deletion, the validity of the instrument improved. The study results may impact future development of critical thinking assessment in education. The instrument has the potential to be a CTTP psychometric measuring tool for medical undergraduates. The study will provides for others the knowledge of content validation process and procedures with emphasis on steps of content validity calculation. The study will also helps medical educators to better understand CTTP sub-constructs. These sub-constructs may help them to create better critical thinking pedagogies.
The Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence and Stress Among Pharmacy Students at Universiti Teknologi MARA Puncak Alam During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia, Ahmad Azwandi , Hasan Hanani Madiha ,   Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia, Salim Sofea Syahira ,   Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia, Usir Ezlina ,   Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia, Ahmad Norazlina ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia
Published: October 2022

Emotional intelligence (EI), which is described as a set of skills to recognise and control one’s own emotions and other people, is believed to act as a protective factor against negative stress. Recently, stress and online learning readiness (OLR) have become an increasing concern among the students during the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relationship between EI and demographic profiles (gender, year of study and geographical living area), and to find the correlation between EI and stress, as well as between stress and OLR among the pharmacy students during the pandemic. This study involved a cross-sectional correlational study, where an online-based survey was performed involving 315 pharmacy students, from first to the fourth year, at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Puncak Alam, Malaysia. Three valid and reliable questionnaires were used namely Universiti Sains Malaysia Emotional Quotient Inventory (USMEQ-i), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and Online Learning Readiness Scale (OLRS). The data were analysed by SPSS software version 27. In the study, the respondents’ EI was at the average level. No association between EI and demographic profiles was found. A weak negative correlation was found between EI and stress r(313) = –0.272, p < 0.05 as well as between stress and OLR, r(313) = –0.320, p < 0.05. This study suggested that EI could act as a protective element against stress since both were negatively correlated. A negative correlation found between stress and OLR reflects that increased stress levels can potentially give a negative impact on the OLR of the pharmacy students in UiTM Puncak Alam.