bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Angle‐ply scaffold supports annulus fibrosus matrix expression and remodeling by mesenchymal stromal and annulus fibrosus cells
Authors: Borem Ryan , Madeline Allison , Theos Chris , Vela Ricardo , Garon Alex , Gill Sanjitpal , Mercuri Jeremy
Published: November 2021

The angle‐ply multilaminate structure of the annulus fibrosus is not reestablished following discectomy which leads to reherniation of the intervertebral disc (IVD). Biomimetic scaffolds developed to repair these defects should be evaluated for their ability to support tissue regeneration by endogenous and exogenous cells. Herein a collagen‐based, angle‐ply multilaminate patch designed to repair the outer annulus fibrosus was assessed for its ability to support mesenchymal stromal and annulus fibrosus cell viability, elongation, alignment, extracellular matrix gene expression, and scaffold remodeling. Results demonstrated that the cells remained viable, elongated, and aligned along the collagen fiber preferred direction of the scaffold, upregulated genes associated with annulus fibrosus matrix and produced collagen on the scaffold yielding biaxial mechanical properties that resembled native annulus fibrosus tissue. In conclusion, these scaffolds have demonstrated their potential to promote a living repair of defects in the annulus fibrosus and thus may be used to prevent recurrent IVD herniations.
The Influence of Conventional Treatment on Symptoms and Complaints in Patients With Chronic Postsurgical Hypoparathyroidism
Authors: Stamm Bettina , Blaschke Martina , Wilken Lara , Wilde Deborah , Heppner Christina , Leha Andreas , Herrmann‐Lingen Christoph , Siggelkow Heide
Published: November 2021

Quality of life (QoL) is impaired in patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism (HypoPT). With a recently developed specific patient questionnaire, the 28‐item Hypoparathyroid Patient Questionnaire (HPQ 28), we were able to demonstrate an effect of laboratory parameters on symptoms and complaints identified by scales and items of the HPQ 28. Here, we evaluated the effect of conventional treatment modalities on QoL using this specific questionnaire. In this cross‐sectional study, we included 49 HypoPT (41 female and 8 male) patients. Laboratory values of total serum calcium, magnesium, phosphate, calcium‐phosphate product (CPP), and 24‐hour urine for calcium and phosphate were analyzed. Patients completed the HPQ 28 questionnaire during the corresponding visit. Mean age was 57.3 ± 10.5 years and duration of disease 12.6 ± 9.8 years. Most patients (86%, n = 42) were treated with the active vitamin D analogs calcitriol, alfacalcidol, or dihydrotachysterol (DHT). The use of calcium and magnesium supplements influenced scales on HPQ 28 in a dose‐dependent manner. We detected a dose‐dependent increase on the HPQ 28 scales “depression and anxiety” and “pain and cramps,” and the item “numbness and tingling” related to calcitriol. This effect was independent of gender, age, underlying disease, kind of surgery, serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3, calcium, or phosphate values. This study presents the first data on specific symptoms of HypoPT patients dependent on different treatment modalities. Our data suggest that in part the reduced QoL in these patients might be caused by conventional treatment. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Child‐centered play therapy and adverse childhood experiences: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ray Dee C. , Burgin Elizabeth , Gutierrez Daniel , Ceballos Peggy , Lindo Natalya
Published: November 2021

There is a preponderance of evidence that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) result in harmful physical, learning, social, emotional, and behavioral health outcomes during childhood, with far reaching effects lasting across the lifespan. The cumulative effect of childhood adversity and its relationship to childhood trauma represent an urgent call to action among stakeholders, yet treatment studies are rare. The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to explore the impact of child‐centered play therapy (CCPT) among children with two or more ACEs on improvement of social and emotional assets and behavioral problems. Results of a repeated measures linear mixed model demonstrated statistically significant increases in social‐emotional competencies including empathy, social competence, and self‐regulation/responsibility and decreases in total behavior problems among children who participated in CCPT. Results of this study support the effectiveness of CCPT among children who have experienced ACEs and at risk for complex trauma.
Channel regulation through solvents for Cd‐MOFs based on p‐methoxyphenyl imidazole dicarboxylate: Synthesis, crystal structure, fluorescence, and explosive identification
Authors: Jiang Yuxuan , Dong Jianping , Li Ruixue , Sun Fugang , Wu Huilu
Published: November 2021

Under different solvent systems, the reaction of Cd(NO3)2·4H2O with 2‐p‐methoxyphenyl‐1H‐imidazole‐4,5‐dicarboxylic acid (p‐H3MOPhIDC) ligand produce two new Cd‐MOFs, [Cd(p‐HMOPhIDC)(C2H5OH)]n (1) and [Cd2(p‐HMOPhIDC)2(Py)(C2H5OH)]n (2). Structural analysis shows that although the two Cd‐MOFs have the same six‐coordinated distorted octahedron geometry of the Cd(II) centers and the similar framework structure, they have different coordinated polymerization unit symmetry and internal environment in the channels. Among them, the polymerization unit in the channel of Cd‐MOFs 1 is centrosymmetric, while the polymerization unit in the channel of Cd‐MOFs 2 is asymmetric. Compared with the free p‐H3MOPhIDC ligand, the fluorescence peaks of the two Cd‐MOFs in the solid‐state have undergone a slightly red shift and enhancement. This is due to the increased rigidity of the ligand after the coordination of the metal ions with the ligand, which reduces the energy loss of thermal vibration. The fluorescence enhancement of Cd‐MOFs 1 is greater than that of 2, which is related to the symmetry of the coordination polymerization units in the two Cd‐MOFs channels. In addition, Cd‐MOFs 2 can highly sensitive sense 2,4‐dinitrotoluen (DNP) and 2,4,6‐trinitrophenol (TNP) through luminescence quenching effect, whereas 1 cannot. This result is due to the difference in the environment within their channels.
Expression of SET domain bifurcated histone lysine methyltransferase 1 and its clinical prognostic significance in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wang Chunnian , Xia Zhaoxia , Li Zheng , Ye Fusang , Ji Shengqiang , Lu Changjiang , Zhang Huizhi
Published: November 2021

Background

To detect the expression of histone methyltransferase SETDB1 in hepatocellular carcinoma, and to analyze the relationship between SETDB1 expression and tumor size, microvascular invasion, pTNM stage, gender, age, tumor number, tumor differentiation, and other clinicopathological characteristics.

Methods

Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of SETDB1 proteins in liver cancer tissues and adjacent tissues of 100 cases. The qRT‐PCR method was used to detect the expression of SETDB1 mRNA in hepatocellular carcinoma and adjacent tissues of 64 cases.

Results

The expression of SETDB1 protein and mRNA in hepatocellular carcinoma was higher than that of adjacent normal liver tissue (p < 0.05). High protein expression of SETDB1 was associated with tumor size, MVI presence, and pTNM stage (p < 0.05). Univariate analysis revealed that the tumor size, tumor differentiation, MVI grade, and pTNM stage were correlated with DFS, while tumor size, MVI grade, pTNM stage, and SETDB1 protein expression were correlated with OS. Multivariate analysis showed that the combination of MVI grade and pTNM stage has statistical significance in predicting prognosis, while SETDB1 protein expression was not significant prognosis factor.

Conclusions

SETDB1 has a certain role in HCC progression and may act as a prognostic predictor concerning the survival of HCC patients.
Racial and ethnic differences in emotion regulation: A systematic review
Authors: Weiss Nicole H. , Thomas Emmanuel D. , Schick Melissa R. , Reyes Miranda E. , Contractor Ateka A.
Published: November 2021

Objective

Emotion regulation is a transdiagnostic mechanism with relevance to the etiology, maintenance, and treatment of a wide range of clinically relevant outcomes. This study applied systematic review methods to summarize the existing literature examining racial and ethnic differences in emotion regulation.

Methods

We systematically searched four electronic databases (PsycINFO, Embase, MEDLINE, and CINAHL Plus) using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines.

Results

Of the initial 1253 articles, 25 met the inclusion criteria. Findings for emotion regulation strategies generally provide evidence for racial/ethnic differences (71% of reviewed studies), with ethnoracial minorities largely exhibiting greater use of emotion regulation strategies. Whereas the results for emotion regulation potential were slightly more mixed (63% of reviewed studies found racial/ethnic differences), ethnoracial minorities were also largely found to report lower emotion regulation potential.

Conclusion

This review advances the literature by providing additional support for racial and ethnic differences in emotion regulation.
Morphological characterization and distribution of antennal sensilla of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) using scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Abalavadi Thammaiah Rani , Pathour Shashank , Meshram Naresh , Kammar Vasudev , Majumder Sujan , Srivastava Chitra , Pandey Koshlendra , Singh Jagdish
Published: November 2021

Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a serious polyphagous pest of various field and horticultural crops. A complete knowledge on the morphological features of antennal sensory structures is essential for efficient semiochemical‐based control methods. The external structure and distribution of antennal sensilla in male and female adults of H. armigera were investigated using scanning electron microscopy. Eight distinct morphological types of sensilla were identified in both sexes: sensilla trichodea, sensilla basiconica, sensilla auricillica, sensilla coeloconica (multiporous), sensilla chaetica (uniporous), sensilla styloconica, sensilla squamiformia, and Böhm sensilla (aporous) in varying numbers and distribution along the length of the antennae. Of these sensilla, the most widespread are sensilla trichodea and sensilla basiconica on the antennae of both sexes. Female antennae have comparatively greater number of sensilla trichodea than male antennae. Among eight types of sensilla, sensilla basiconica, auricillica, styloconica type II, squamiformia, and Böhm sensilla were identified and reported for the first time in H. armigera. Sexual dimorphism in H. armigera was mainly detected as the variations in sensilla shape, numbers, and distribution of each type of sensilla. The sexual difference was observed in the numbers of sensilla coeloconica, chaetica, styloconica, and squamiformia per flagellomere. The possible functions of these sensilla were discussed in view of previously reported lepidopteran insects. The findings provide fundamental information on the morphology and distribution of antennal sensory structures in H. armigera. It would be useful for further detailed studies on physiological and behavioral function of each sensillum type and helpful for formulating related pest control methods.
Evolutionary analysis of rotavirus G1P[8] strains from Chennai, South India
Authors: Selvarajan Sribal , Reju Sudhabharathi , Gopalakrishnan Krithika , Padmanabhan Ramachandran , Srikanth Padma
Published: November 2021

Rotaviruses by virtue of its segmented genome generate numerous genotypes. G1P[8] is the most common genotype reported globally. We intend to identify the evolutionary differences among G1P[8] strains from the study with vaccine strains. Stool samples collected from children <5 years were screened for rotavirus antigen by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The samples that tested positive for rotavirus were subjected to VP7 and VP4 semi‐nested RT‐PCR. Sanger sequencing was performed in randomly chosen VP7 and VP4 rotavirus strains. Phylogenetic analysis showed less homology between study strains and vaccine strains and they were placed in different lineages. The VP7 and VP4 proteins of rotavirus were analyzed by two different platforms to identify the amino acid substitutions in the epitope regions. Nine amino acid substitutions with respect to Rotarix®, RotaTeq® and Rotasiil®—V66A, A/T68S, Q72R, N94S, D100E, T113I, S123N, M217T, and I281T were observed in VP7. There were five amino acid substitutions—S145G, N/D195G, N113D, N/I78T, E150D in VP4 (VP8 portion) with respect to Rotarix® and RotaTeq® vaccine strains. M217T substitution in VP7 (epitope 7‐2) and N113D, D195G substitution in VP4 (epitope 8‐3, 8‐1) confer changes in polarity/electrical charge with respect to vaccine strains, thus indicating the need for continued surveillance.
Holomorphic function spaces on the Hartogs triangle
Authors: Monguzzi Alessandro
Published: November 2021

The definition of classical holomorphic function spaces such as the Hardy space or the Dirichlet space on the Hartogs triangle is not canonical. In this paper we introduce a natural family of holomorphic function spaces on the Hartogs triangle which includes some weighted Bergman spaces, a candidate Hardy space and a candidate Dirichlet space. For the weighted Bergman spaces and the Hardy space we study the mapping properties of Bergman and Szegő projection respectively, whereas for the Dirichlet space we prove it is isometric to the Dirichlet space on the bidisc.
Polysaccharide‐Based Nanoparticles as Pickering Emulsifiers in Emulsion Formulations and Heterogenous Polymerization Systems
Authors: Rigg Amanda , Champagne Pascale , Cunningham Michael F.
Published: November 2021

Bio‐based Pickering emulsifiers are a nontoxic alternative to surfactants in emulsion formulations and heterogenous polymerizations. Recent demand for biocompatible and sustainable formulations has accelerated academic interest in polysaccharide‐based nanoparticles as Pickering emulsifiers. Despite the environmental advantages, the inherent hydrophilicity of polysaccharides and their nanoparticles limits efficiency and application range. Modification of the polysaccharide surface is often required in the development of ultrastable, functional, and water‐in‐oil (W/O) systems. Complex surface modification calls into question the sustainability of polysaccharide‐based nanoparticles and is identified as a significant barrier to commercialization. This review summarizes the use of nanocelluloses, ‐starches, and ‐chitins as Pickering emulsifiers, highlights trends and best practices in surface modification, and provides recommendations to expedite commercialization.
Mass spectrometry studies of nitrene anions
Authors: Conder Cory J. , Jawale Harshal , Wenthold Paul G.
Published: November 2021

Nitrene anions are a class of reactive intermediates that provide a means for studying the corresponding neutral molecules via electron photodetachment spectroscopy and photoelectron spectroscopy. The added electron makes it possible for protected nitrene anions to be manipulated by external electric and magnetic fields of a mass spectrometer. Nitrene anions also display their own unique reactivities as reagents, which have been investigated using ion/molecule reactions. Mass spectrometry of negative ions has thereby provided information on the electronic states, reactivities, and thermochemical properties of nitrene intermediates. This review also includes a discussion of condensed‐phase nitrene anions.
Slotline‐based frequency‐reconfigurable quadrature coupler with wide tunable range and simple tuning mechanism
Authors: Pan Yu Fei , Chan Wing Shing
Published: November 2021

Frequency‐reconfigurable couplers presented before show some shortages such as limited tunable range and complex tuning mechanism. To address these problems, a frequency‐reconfigurable coupler with wide tuning range is proposed based on a slotline structure. A T‐shaped shorted feeding line with certain impedance transform is connected to each port of the coupler. Beneath the shorted end, the slotline structure is utilized to transfer the signal coupled from the feeding line. The 3‐dB quadrature coupler performance is achieved by setting different widths of the slotlines. To tune the frequency, a varactor with tuning capacitance is loaded at the center of each shorted feeding line. Equivalent circuit is given by transmission line model to verify the design concept. For demonstration, the coupler is fabricated and measured. Good agreements between the simulation and measurement and a wide frequency tunable range from 1.2 to 2.6 GHz are achieved based on a single tuning mechanism.
A compact triband circularly polarized meander‐loaded monopole antenna
Authors: Singh Maharana Pratap , Jaiswal Rahul Kumar , Srivastava Kumar Vaibhav , Ghosh Saptarshi
Published: November 2021

In this letter, a miniaturized triband printed monopole antenna with circular polarization (CP) characteristic has been designed and demonstrated. The proposed geometry is comprised of two orthogonal stubs and one meander pattern on the top layer and a defected ground plane. By carefully designing the top and bottom layer topologies, the antenna is made significantly compact having an overall size of 0.26λ × 0.28λ × 0.017λ, where λ denotes the free space wavelength at the lowest CP frequency. The geometry exhibits a wide 10‐dB impedance bandwidth of 53.63% (3.22–5.58 GHz) covering three distinct CP resonances appearing at 3.30, 4.50, and 5.40 GHz. The structure has been fabricated and the measured responses show a reasonable agreement with the simulated results. The proposed antenna has a simple topology, broadside radiation, moderate gain, and an improved miniaturization performance as compared to the earlier reported multi‐band CP antennas.
The macromolecular MR spectrum does not change with healthy aging
Authors: Hui Steve C. N. , Gong Tao , Zöllner Helge J. , Song Yulu , Murali‐Manohar Saipavitra , Oeltzschner Georg , Mikkelsen Mark , Tapper Sofie , Chen Yufan , Saleh Muhammad G. , Porges Eric C. , Chen Weibo , Wang Guangbin , Edden Richard A. E.
Published: November 2021

Purpose

To acquire the mobile macromolecule (MM) spectrum from healthy participants, and to investigate changes in the signals with age and sex.

Methods

102 volunteers (49 M/53 F) between 20 and 69 years were recruited for in vivo data acquisition in the centrum semiovale (CSO) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). Spectral data were acquired at 3T using PRESS localization with a voxel size of 30 × 26 × 26 mm3, pre‐inversion (TR/TI 2000/600 ms) and CHESS water suppression. Metabolite‐nulled spectra were modeled to eliminate residual metabolite signals, which were then subtracted out to yield a “clean” MM spectrum using the Osprey software. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was calculated between integrals and age for the 14 MM signals. One‐way ANOVA was performed to determine differences between age groups. An independent t‐test was carried out to determine differences between sexes.

Results

MM spectra were successfully acquired in 99 (CSO) and 96 (PCC) of 102 subjects. No significant correlations were seen between age and MM signals. One‐way ANOVA also suggested no age‐group differences for any MM peak (all p > .004). No differences were observed between sex groups. WM and GM voxel fractions showed a significant (p < .05) negative linear association with age in the WM‐predominant CSO (R = –0.29) and GM‐predominant PCC regions (R = –0.57) respectively while CSF increased significantly with age in both regions.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that a pre‐defined MM basis function can be used for linear combination modeling of metabolite data from different age and sex groups.
Advances in Colloidal QD Electronic and Optoelectronic Device Technology
Authors: Steckel Jonathan
Published: November 2021

QD device technology is entering into a new phase where electronic and optoelectronic devices based on colloidal QDs are closer to being used in commercial products, from displays to sensors.
Electrically Pumped QD Light Emission from LEDs to Lasers
Authors: Wu Longjia , Geiregat Pieter , Liu Wenyong , Lu Zizhe , Yan Yiran , Lin Xiongfeng , Moreels Iwan , Yan Xiaolin , Hens Zeger , Yang Yixing
Published: November 2021

As part of visible wavelength light‐emitting QLEDs' palpable progress, luminance efficiency and device operation stabilities for both red and green wavelengths are now viable for commercial display applications.
How Bahman Taheri Created AlphaMicron
Authors: Werner Ken
Published: November 2021

Bahman Taheri has created a successful liquid‐crystal products business in Kent, Ohio. Here, he discusses significant achievements in his professional life and the technical, managerial, and personal lessons he has learned.
Use of health locus of control on self‐management and HbA1c in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Zhu Lingxiao , Shi Qifang , Zeng Yue , Ma Tong , Li Haomiao , Kuerban Dilihumaer , Hamal Sarita , Li Meng
Published: November 2021

Aim

To assess the effects of health locus of control‐based education programme (HLCEP) on self‐management, health locus of control and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Design

Quasi‐experimental study.

Methods

The study recruited 120 T2DM participants from May–September 2020. The control group received one‐week in‐hospital care and 12‐week follow‐up. The intervention group received additional HLCEP. The self‐management and the health locus of control were measured by using the Summary of Diabetes Self‐care Activities and the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control at baseline and the 4th and 12th week after discharge. The HbA1c was collected at baseline and the 12th week after discharge. The generalized estimating equation analysis was performed to assess the intervention effects.

Results

The intervention group has statistically significantly higher scores on the overall level of self‐management, dietary management, foot care, medication management and internal health locus of control, while a lower HbA1c level than the control group.
Development of a drone‐borne electromagnetic survey system for searching for buried vehicles and soil resistivity mapping
Authors: Mitsuhata Yuji , Ueda Takumi , Kamimura Akiya , Kato Shin , Takeuchi Atsushi , Aduma Chikara , Yokota Toshiyuki
Published: November 2021

We developed a drone‐borne electromagnetic survey system using a commercial multi‐frequency electromagnetic sensor equipped with a GPS receiver, a WiFi serial transceiver, and an ultrasonic distance sensor to measure the height of the electromagnetic sensor above the ground surface. The electromagnetic sensor was suspended from a drone with ropes. The distance between the drone and the electromagnetic sensor was adjusted to minimize the influence of electromagnetic noise generated by the drone, and to stabilize the electromagnetic sensor during flight. The system was tested at two experimental sites. The first site consisted of two buried vehicles to simulate a landslide. We assumed a scenario in which the search for the buried vehicles was urgent and accessibility to the area was limited. The second site consisted of wet and dry agricultural fields to test resistivity mapping. In the first test, we used the in‐phase component of the measured data to locate the vehicles. The shallower vehicle was identified clearly, while the deeper vehicle was located successfully, albeit less easily. In the second test, the quadrature component was used for one‐dimensional inversion after data processing, which included data smoothing, resampling and bias noise correction. The bias noise was measured while hovering the drone at a high altitude to negate the influence of ground conductivity. The results showed that the resistivity distributions could be mapped at some depths by using a five‐frequency‐processed quadrature component, and clearly showed the difference between the wet and dry fields. The crucial parameter in the evaluations of these targets was the height of the electromagnetic sensor above the ground surface, which was measured continuously during flight. The results demonstrated the potential of the survey system to search for buried metal objects and for shallow subsurface resistivity mapping over relatively large areas.
International media coverage of the Bolivian jaguar trade
Authors: Li Yuhan , Arias Melissa , Hinsley Amy , Milner‐Gulland Eleanor Jane
Published: November 2021

The trade in jaguar body parts is viewed as an alarming threat to the jaguar, and there is the assumption that Chinese demand is driving the trade. However, there has been little analysis of the discourses around the trade both with respect to the Chinese public, internationally and in source countries.

We analysed 298 media articles in Chinese, English and Spanish languages from 2010 to 2019, to understand the disparities in reporting of this jaguar trade and what impact they would have for jaguar conservation.

Temporal analysis showed that this trade did not receive global media attention until 2018, despite having taken place for a couple of years. Only four (teeth, skin, head and claws) out of the 15 body parts reported to have been traded had evidence of trade based on seizures.

Jaguars were viewed positively, while the experiences of local people who suffer losses from coexisting with jaguars were rarely captured. The claim that the trade was Chinese driven was strongly and positively associated with whether seizure and arrest evidence was presented in an article, though articles held different views on if Chinese companies were involved. English‐ and Spanish‐language articles stated that traditional Chinese medicine was the main use of the jaguar body parts and were more likely to mention that this trade was Chinese driven while journalistic investigations and narratives from within China were missing.

This research highlights the evidence gap with respect to media coverage of the jaguar trade, and stresses the need to collaborate with stakeholders whose voices are less prominent in the articles analysed, such as Chinese communities and local people who live around jaguars.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Participatory mapping reveals biocultural and nature values in the shared landscape of a Nordic UNESCO Biosphere Reserve
Authors: Cusens Jarrod , Barraclough Alicia M. D. , Måren Inger Elisabeth
Published: November 2021

Making the right decisions for sustainable development requires sound knowledge of the values and spatial distribution of the services co‐produced by ecosystems and people. UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere programme and associated Biosphere Reserves (BRs) are key learning sites or model regions for sustainable development providing key entry points for transdisciplinary work on sustainable development. However, there is limited research exploring spatial distribution of socio‐cultural Ecosystem Service (ES) values in BRs and how those values vary according to the BR zonation.

We used a transdisciplinary approach to design and implement a public participation geographical information systems (PPGIS) survey in a recently designated BR to (a) asses the spatial distribution of ES values in the different zones, (b) identify hotspots of ES values, (c) identify spatial bundles of ES values and (d) assess the social‐ecological characteristics that determine the distribution of those values.

We found that stakeholders identify high biocultural ES values, mapping predominantly places for outdoor recreation, biodiversity, agricultural products and cultural heritage. Buffer zones had high agricultural and cultural heritage values while extractive values were largely absent from cores zones. We identified five spatial ES‐value bundles highlighting distinct places important for ES values related to ‘multifunctional landscapes’ located close to settlements, ‘cultural landscapes’ associated with agricultural land, ‘wild animal resources’ along the coastlines, ‘outdoor recreation and biodiversity’ and ‘passive cultural values’ widely distributed in high and moderately populated areas.

We found that accessibility was important for ES values and that people value nature close to where they live. We show the importance of biocultural values in the region, and agricultural landscapes were highly valued for multiple ES values beyond agricultural products alone.

We show that BRs have become places that link cultural heritage, agricultural and biodiversity values in multifunctional landscapes. We put our findings into the local context and suggest how they can inform land‐use planning and management through policies aimed at maintaining key agricultural landscapes that provide social‐ecological resilience. Additionally, we discuss the value of our study for the wider BR network and how similar work can contribute to monitoring of BR implementation.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Influence of particle size on inhomogeneity in rubber compositions of NR/BR blend wear particles by single particle analysis
Authors: Chae Eunji , Choi Sung‐Seen
Published: November 2021

Tire wear particle has been considered as one of environmental pollution sources and its sizes are widely ranged from PM2.5 to several hundred micrometer (μm). A bus tire tread is generally composed of NR and BR. In the present work, difference in the rubber compositions of wear particles of a model bus tire tread compound (NR/BR = 80/20) depending on the particle size was investigated by the single particle analysis using Py‐GC/MS. The wear particles were obtained using a laboratory abrasion tester. The wear particles were separated by size using a sieve shaker and those of 212–500, 106–212, and 63–106 μm were used. The rubber composition of each single particle was determined using the principal pyrolysis product ratio of 4‐vinylcyclohexene and dipentene produced from BR and NR, respectively. For the wear particles of 212–500 μm, the rubber compositions were nearly the same to the bulk (the abrasion specimen) and the differences among them were small. But the rubber compositions of the wear particles of below 212 μm were different each other. Some wear particles of 106–212 μm had very high BR composition above 70 wt%. For the wear particles of 63–106 μm, some wear particles had very low BR composition of nearly to zero BR. Difference in the rubber compositions from the bulk tended to be larger by decreasing the wear particle size. The analytical results were explained by the distribution of BR in NR and abrasion position.
Changes in executive function in pediatric brain tumor survivors
Authors: Peterson Rachel K. , Jacobson Lisa A.
Published: November 2021

Objective

Pediatric oncology survivors are at risk for executive function (EF) and working memory (WM) deficits, which can be measured via performance‐based measures or rating scales. Previous studies have shown these measurement methods to be weakly correlated. This study aimed to describe parent‐rated EF and performance‐based WM (PBWM) in pediatric brain tumor (BT) survivors, examine change in EF and PBWM across time, and investigate the relationship between parent‐rated WM and PBWM.

Method

The sample included 56 patients diagnosed with a BT in childhood (Mage = 6.94 years; SD = 4.05) seen twice for clinical neuropsychological evaluation. PBWM was examined via the auditory WM scale from a Wechsler intelligence measure or Differential Ability Scales‐II. Parents completed the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF)/BRIEF‐P/BRIEF‐2 as a measure of global EF (Global Executive Composite [GEC]), metacognitive skills (Metacognitive Index/Cognitive Regulation Index [MI/CRI]), behavioral regulation (Behavior Regulation Index [BRI]), and emotional regulation (Emotion Regulation Index [ERI]).

Results

GEC, MI/CRI, and ERI at Time 1 were significantly above the mean (p < .01); BRI and PBWM did not differ from the normative mean. All measures were significantly higher than the normative mean at Time 2 (p < .05). PBWM was both clinically and statistically elevated (p < .001). There was a significant change across time in PBWM (p < .05), but not GEC, MI/CRI, ERI, or BRI. PBWM was weakly correlated with the BRIEF WM subscale at Time 1 and Time 2 (all p > .05).

Conclusions

Multiple measures of EF should be considered when providing diagnoses and recommendations for pediatric BT survivors. Furthermore, given declines across time, findings document need for continued monitoring and reassessment of survivors as they get further out from treatment.
Omega 3 fatty acids can reduce early doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: El Amrousy Doaa , El‐Afify Dalia , Khedr Rasha , Ibrahim Ashraf Mohamed
Published: November 2021

Objectives

Omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are dietary factors with several beneficial cardiovascular effects. This study aimed to assess the possible protective effect of omega 3 fatty acids on early doxorubicin‐induced cardiac toxicity in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

Patients and methods

Sixty children of newly diagnosed ALL were randomized into two groups: group I (n = 30) who received omega 3 fatty acids 1000 mg/day for 6 months in addition to their usual protocol of chemotherapy including doxorubicin; and group II (n = 30) who received their usual doxorubicin protocol during the period from February 2020 till August 2021. Echocardiographic examinations were performed before and after the treatment. Glutathione, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), troponin I, creatine kinase MB (CK‐MB), and N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) were measured also before and after omega 3 treatment.

Results

After 6 months of omega 3 administration, group I had a significantly lower MDA level and a significantly higher glutathione and SOD levels than group II. Similarly, the levels of troponin I, CK‐MB, and NT‐proBNP were significantly high in group II, whereas they were unchanged in group I after treatment. Similarly, systolic function (presented with peak mitral annular systolic velocity and two‐dimensional global longitudinal strain) of the heart was preserved in omega 3‐treated patients, unlike the control group that showed significant impairment of left ventricular function after 6 months.

Conclusion

Omega 3 fatty acids may decrease early cardiac injury and doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity in children with ALL.
Cystic fibrosis newborn screening: Five‐year experience from a tertiary care center
Authors: Nayir Buyuksahin Halime , Emiralioglu Nagehan , Ozsezen Beste , Ademhan Tural Dilber , Sunman Birce , Guzelkas Ismail , Tezel Basak , Dayangaç Erden Didem , Yalçın Ebru , Dogru Deniz , Ozcelik Ugur , Kiper Nural
Published: November 2021

Background

Newborn screening (NBS) for cystic fibrosis (CF) was implemented in our country on January 1, 2015, based on immunoreactive trypsinogen tests (IRT/IRT). Here, we aimed to evaluate the diagnoses of patients and follow‐up process within the first 5 years of NBS from a tertiary care center.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients who were admitted to our pediatric pulmonology department for sweat test (ST) via NBS. Patients with CF with negative NBS results and those with CF with positive NBS and joined our follow‐up were also investigated. Clinical outcome measures were compared between patients with CF with positive and negative NBS.

Results

Six hundred sixty infants who were referred for ST via NBS were included. Across the entire study population (n = 683), 11.4% of patients had CF (14.1% of had negative NBS in this CF group). The sensitivity of NBS was found as 84.9% and the positive predictive value (PPV) was 9.4%. The median age at diagnosis was older (p < 0.001), reluctance for feeding and Pseudobartter syndrome (PBS) were significantly higher at presentation in the negative NBS group. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups regarding weight‐for‐age (p = 0.899) and height‐for‐age (p = 0.491) in the first 2 years' follow‐ups.

Conclusions

Our findings showed the low sensitivity and PPV of NBS; therefore, further studies based on all patients in our country are necessary for new cut‐off values. PBS and reluctance for feeding should be alarm symptoms for CF even if the infants had negative NBS. Additionally, later diagnosis of patients who had negative NBS did not affect the nutritional outcomes; we need large‐scale prospective studies to optimize nutritional benefits for all infants diagnosed via NBS.
Pharmacokinetic modeling of morphine and its glucuronides: Comparison of nebulization versus intravenous route in healthy volunteers
Authors: Duflot Thomas , Pereira Tony , Tavolacci Marie‐Pierre , Joannidès Robinson , Aubrun Frédéric , Lamoureux Fabien , Lvovschi Virginie Eve
Published: November 2021

Intravenous (i.v.) morphine is a safe, robust, and recommended treatment for severe pain using the titration principle. Despite its high efficacy, it is impacted by organizational constraints related to venous access. Nebulized (NEB) morphine may represent an alternative for titration but pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of short nebulization using routine devices need evaluation. Twenty‐seven healthy volunteers were included to receive NEB or i.v. morphine administration using increasing amounts according to Dixon’s reference method. Plasma morphine, morphine‐3‐glucuronide (M3G), and morphine‐6‐glucuronide (M6G) were quantified. PK modeling and simulations were performed using Monolix. Dixon’s method exhibited a significantly higher morphine dose regimen in the NEB group versus the i.v. group (6.2 [5.3–7.1] vs. 3.0 [2.0–4.0] mg, p < 0.001). Morphine, M3G, and M6G dose‐normalized exposure were significantly lower in the NEB group versus the i.v. group: morphine (19 [13–23] vs. 1044 [702–1266] µg min/L, p < 0.001), M3G (245 [162–287] vs. 3752 [2487–5165] µg min/L, p < 0.001) and M6G (28 [21–43] vs. 466 [370–723] µg min/L, p < 0.001). The model that best fitted the data consisted in a transit compartment for morphine absorption, three compartments for morphine distribution followed by multiple transit compartments (8.2 and 57.5‐min transit time for M3G and M6G, respectively) and a first order elimination for M3G and M6G. Morphine bioavailability in the NEB group was 3.5% using the i.v. group as reference. Administration route and sex significantly influenced morphine and metabolite PKs. This work aimed to evaluate the PKs of NEB morphine compared with the i.v. route. Despite a bioavailability to improve, NEB morphine administration using a routine device is suitable to plan morphine titration.
Vacancy‐Type Defects in H+6%He Neutral Beam Irradiated WK Alloy Probed by Slow Positron Beam
Authors: Fu Xinge , Zheng Mingxiu , Liu Xiang , Zhang Peiyuan , Tian Xuefen , He Weidi , Deng Aihong
Published: November 2021

H+6%He mixed neutral beam with a power density of 8 MV m−2 and fluence of 1025 m−2 is produced to induce irradiation damage at surface temperatures of 400, 800, and 1300 °C in WK alloy, and at 400 and 800 °C in pure W samples. Doppler‐broadening positron annihilation spectroscopy (DB‐PAS) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) are used to probe the evolution of vacancy‐type defects in the samples after irradiation. The results show that for the WK alloy, the S‐parameters for the 400, 800, and 1300 °C samples increase sequentially because of the increase in vacancy‐type defect concentrations or volumes. The WK sample at 1300 °C exhibits a wider defect damage layer and more complicated vacancy‐type defects than those in the WK samples at 400 and 800 °C. For pure W, the S‐parameter of the 800 °C samples is larger than that of the 400 °C samples, which is attributed to the aggregation and growth of vacancy‐type defects. Based on a comparison of the WK and pure W samples, the pinning effect of K bubbles in the WK samples has an influence on the transportation of H/He atoms and the migration and aggregation of vacancy‐type defects.
Efficacy and safety of therapeutic use of cannabis derivatives and their synthetic analogs: Overview of systematic reviews
Authors: Riera Rachel , Pacheco Rafael Leite , Bagattini Ângela Maria , Martimbianco Ana Luiza Cabrera
Published: November 2021

The debate on the use of cannabinoids for therapeutic purposes is constantly on the rise. This overview aimed to map the evidence on the therapeutic effects of cannabis derivatives and their synthetic analogs. Systematic reviews (SRs) of randomized trials were identified through a comprehensive search in several databases, and their methodological quality were evaluated with AMSTAR‐2. The results for main outcomes are presented, prioritizing those from updated and better quality SRs. Finally, 68 SRs, addressing 37 different health conditions, were included. The methodological quality was high for eight SRs. The evidence certainty (GRADE) for the effects of cannabinoids is not high for any of the outcomes identified. Evidence certainty was moderate for the following: (a) cannabidiol appears to be beneficial for quality of life but increases the risk of adverse events in ulcerative colitis; (b) cannabinoids in general appear to have no clinically important benefit for chronic non‐oncologic pain, spasticity‐related pain in multiple sclerosis, or for acute post‐operative pain; (c) cannabinoids in general appear to have a benefit in reducing chemotherapy‐related nausea and vomiting. For all other outcomes from remaining comparisons, the evidence certainty was low, very low, or not evaluated, which prevents recommendations for or against their routine use.
Evidence of protective effects on aquifer recharge from polluted tropical rivers: An analysis of hyporheic meiofauna and sediments
Authors: Freitas Jonathas B. A. , Cabral Jaime J. S. P. , Paiva Anderson L. R. , Veras Tatiane B. , Barcellos Roberto L. , Santos Paulo J. P. , Gomes Júnior Edivaldo L.
Published: November 2021

Knowledge about the hyporheic zone is important to understand the pollutant attenuation processes that occur during the aquifer recharge, whether by natural or artificial means, for example, Bank Filtration. In this paper, the structure of the hyporheic meiofauna and the influence of pollution, microphytobenthos and sedimentological parameters (grain size, organic matter and CaCO3 content) were studied at a periurban area of Beberibe River (Northeastern Brazil), the location of a riverbank filtration (RBF) pilot project. PERMANOVA analysis indicated interactions between meiofauna community and the sampling sites, rainfall seasons, and depth. The release of untreated wastewater was the most influential factor for physical and biochemical features of the hyporheic zone, since the sampling sites with higher levels of elements related to eutrophication supported the highest levels of meiofauna abundance, fine sediments, organic matter, and CaCO3 content. It was verified that organic matter from domestic wastewater in tropical streams can promote protective effects that favor the retention and biodegradation of pollutants in the hyporheic zone. The results reveal that, even in eutrophic rivers, there are factors that contribute to the processes of pollutant attenuation in tropical hyporheic environments. The results demonstrate the potential for using RBF in communities without adequate sanitation, especially in developing countries.
Bioorthogonal Disassembly of Tetrazine Bearing Supramolecular Assemblies Inside Living Cells
Authors: Song Jialei , Wu Chengling , Zhao Yan , Yang Min , Yao Qingxin , Gao Yuan
Published: November 2021

Supramolecular assemblies are an emerging class of nanomaterials for drug delivery systems (DDS), while their unintended retention in the biological milieu remains largely unsolved. To realize the prompt clearance of supramolecular assemblies, the bioorthogonal reaction to disassemble and clear the supramolecular assemblies within living cells is investigated here. A series of tetrazine‐capped assembly precursors which can self‐assemble into nanofibers and hydrogels upon enzymatic dephosphorylation are designed. Such an enzyme‐instructed supramolecular assembly process can perform intracellularly. The time‐dependent accumulation of assemblies elicits oxidative stress and induces cellular toxicity. Tetrazine‐bearing assemblies react with trans‐cyclooctene derivatives, which lead to the disruption of π–π stacking and induce disassembly. In this way, the intracellular self‐assemblies disassemble and are deprived of potency. This bioorthogonal disassembly strategy leverages the biosafety aspect in developing nanomaterials for DDSs.
Atomically Dispersed, Low‐Coordinate Co–N Sites on Carbon Nanotubes as Inexpensive and Efficient Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Ding Rui , Chen Yawen , Li Xiaoke , Rui Zhiyan , Hua Kang , Wu Yongkang , Duan Xiao , Wang Xuebin , Li Jia , Liu Jianguo
Published: November 2021

Hydrogen produced using renewable electricity is considered the key to achieving a low‐carbon energy economy. However, the large‐scale application of electrochemical water splitting for hydrogen evolution currently requires expensive platinum‐based catalysts. Therefore, it is important to develop efficient and stable catalysts based on the rich reserves of transition metals as alternatives. In this study, the authors prepare a carbon‐nanotube material enriched with atomically dispersed CoN sites having uniquely low coordination numbers via the simple mixing, pyrolysis, and leaching of inexpensive precursors. These atomically dispersed low‐coordinate CoN sites provide an overpotential of only 82 mV at 10 mA cm−2 for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) under challenging acidic conditions and show excellent durability in accelerated stability tests. Theoretical simulations also confirm that these unique, low‐coordinate CoN2 sites have lower energy barriers in catalyzing the HER than Fe/NiN2 sites and commonly reported CoN3/N4 sites. Therefore, the method provides a new concept for the design of single‐atom catalytic sites with low coordination numbers. It also serves to reduce the cost of hydrogen production in the future owing to the high catalytic activity, low cost, and scalable production process.
Boosting Electrochemical Water Oxidation on NiFe (oxy) Hydroxides by Constructing Schottky Junction toward Water Electrolysis under Industrial Conditions
Authors: Wang Xiaomei , Zong Xu , Liu Bo , Long Guifa , Wang Aoqi , Xu Zhiqiang , Song Rui , Ma Weiguang , Wang Hong , Li Can
Published: November 2021

The practical deployment of promising NiFe‐based oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts is heavily limited due to the constrain in both stability and activity under industrial conditions. Herein, a 3D free‐standing NiFe(oxy)hydroxide‐based electrode with Schottky junction is constructed, in which NiFe(oxy)hydroxide (NiFe(OH)x) nanosheets are chemically assembled on the top of metal‐like Ni3S2 scaffold that are in situ formed on commercial Ni mesh. Such an assembly enhances the binding strength of each components, promotes the charge transfer across the interfaces, and modulates the electronic and nanostructural features of NiFe(OH)x. Consequently, the electrode delivers current densities of as high as 500 and 1000 mA cm−2 for OER at overpotentials of only 248 and 270 mV with long‐term stability in 1 m KOH. When it was paired with a NiMo hydrogen evolution cathode in a practical two‐electrode system, a current density of 1000 mA cm−2 is achieved at a low cell voltage of ≈1.61 V at 80 °C in 30% KOH without losing performance for at least 1500 h. This is the best performance reported thus far for alkaline water electrolysis under industrial conditions, demonstrating its great potential for practical applications.