bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of Video and 3D Scenario Visualisation to Rate Vegetation Screens for Integrating Buildings into the Landscape
Authors: Velarde Jacinto , Parejo María , Blanco Julio , Moruno Lorenzo
Published: June 2017

Human actions in the natural environment create a visual impact. The main objective of this study was to examine the acceptance of vegetation screens for integrating buildings into the landscape using new techniques of visualization in three dimensions (3D), videos and public participation. The status quo of two study areas representative of the Mediterranean climate in Spain (one inland and one coastal) was modelled, placing vegetation screens around a building typical of the area and varying the density, species, and layout of plants. After establishing a series of scenarios, videos showing a simulation of outdoor tourism activities performed at varying speeds were created to analyse how movement affects the perception of the combination of a building and vegetation screen in the versions created. The 3D models generated were subjected to a survey for public participation and to allow respondents to rate their preferences of the videos created. The results show that adding vegetation always improves the integration of buildings into the landscape. The most highly rated vegetation screen placed around the buildings in the two scenarios was high density vegetation, irrespective of the layout or species.
Optimizing Availability of a Framework in Series Configuration Utilizing Markov Model and Monte Carlo Simulation Techniques
Authors: Siddiqui Mansoor , Butt Shahid , Gilani Omer , Jamil Mohsin , Maqsood Adnan , Zhang Faping
Published: June 2017

This research work is aimed at optimizing the availability of a framework comprising of two units linked together in series configuration utilizing Markov Model and Monte Carlo (MC) Simulation techniques. In this article, effort has been made to develop a maintenance model that incorporates three distinct states for each unit, while taking into account their different levels of deterioration. Calculations are carried out using the proposed model for two distinct cases of corrective repair, namely perfect and imperfect repairs, with as well as without opportunistic maintenance. Initially, results are accomplished using an analytical technique i.e., Markov Model. Validation of the results achieved is later carried out with the help of MC Simulation. In addition, MC Simulation based codes also work well for the frameworks that follow non-exponential failure and repair rates, and thus overcome the limitations offered by the Markov Model.
Spatio-Temporal Variation and Controlling Factors of Water Quality in Yongding River Replenished by Reclaimed Water in Beijing, North China
Authors: Yu Yilei , Ma Muyuan , Zheng Fandong , Liu Licai , Zhao Nana , Li Xiaoxia , Yang Yongmin , Guo Jia
Published: June 2017

Reclaimed water is useful for replenishing dried up rivers in North China, although changes in water quality could be an issue. Therefore, it is essential to understand the spatio-temporal variation and the controlling factors of water quality. Samples of Yongding River water were collected seasonally, and 24 water quality parameters were analyzed in 2015. All waters were alkaline, and nitrate-nitrogen was the main form of nitrogen, while phosphorus was mostly below detection level. The water quality parameters varied in time and space. Cluster analysis showed a distinct difference between winter and the other seasons and between the natural river section and the section with reclaimed water. Based on the analysis of Gibbs plots, principal component analysis, and ionic relationships, the water chemistry was controlled by dissolution of rocks in natural river section, the quality of replenished water, the effects of dilution, and the reaction of aqueous chemistry in the reclaimed water section. The positive oxidation environment in most of the river water was conducive to the formation of nitrate-nitrogen by nitrification, and not conducive to denitrification.
Aqueous semisynthesis of C-glycoside glycamines from agarose
Authors: Dallagnol Juliana C Cunico , Orsato Alexandre , Ducatti Diogo R B , Noseda Miguel D , Duarte Maria Eugênia R , Gonçalves Alan G
Published: June 2017

Agarose was herein employed as starting material to produce primary, secondary and tertiary C-glycoside glycamines, including mono- and disaccharide structures. The semisynthetic approach utilized was generally based on polysaccharide-controlled hydrolysis followed by reductive amination. All reactions were conducted in aqueous media and without the need of hydroxyl group protection. We were able to identify optimal conditions for the reductive amination of agar hydrolysis products and to overcome the major difficulties related to this kind of reaction, also extending it to reducing anhydrosugars. The excess of ammonium acetate, methyl- or dimethylamine, and the use of a diluted basic (pH 11) reaction media were identified as important aspects to achieve improved yields, as well as to decrease the amount of byproducts commonly related to reductive amination of carbohydrates. This strategy allowed the transposition of the 3,6-anhydro-α-L-galactopyranose unit (naturally present in the agarose structure) to all glycamines synthesized, constituting an amino-substituted C-threofuranoside moiety, which is closely related to (+)-muscarine.
Increasing Cognitive Interference Modulates the Amplitude of the Auditory Brainstem Response
Authors: Brännström K. Jonas , Wilson Wayne J. , Waechter Sebastian
Published: June 2017

Background:Despite the presence of efferent neural pathways from the cortex to brainstem, evidence for cognitive inhibition and sensory gating on the auditory brainstem has been mixed. Some previous studies have suggested auditory brainstem responses (ABR) can be affected by
cognitive load whereas others have not.Purpose:The present study explores if the ABR recorded from adults with normal hearing was affected by increased cognitive load involving cognitive interference.Research Design:Within-subject repeated measures.Study Sample:Twenty
young adults with normal hearing (ten females and ten males, aged 21‐26 yr).Data Collection and Analysis:ABRs were collected with and without cognitive load (a visual Stroop task). Two measures of cognitive interference, that is, the ability to suppress task-irrelevant input,
were derived from the performance on the Stroop task.Results:No main effect of cognitive load on ABR wave V amplitudes was found. Participants with higher cognitive interference showed increased response times and larger decreases in ABR wave V amplitudes from the no cognitive
load to cognitive load conditions.Conclusions:The present study showed that ABR wave V amplitudes did not change with increased overall cognitive load (cognitive load with and without cognitive interference), but ABR amplitude was related to cognitive interference. Increased cognitive
load in the form of increased cognitive interference could trigger cognitive inhibition and/or sensory gating to suppress the processing of task-irrelevant information at the level of the brainstem. This suppression could present as reduced ABR wave V amplitudes.
The Populations of Carina. I. Decoding the Color–Magnitude Diagram
Authors: Norris John E. , Yong David , Venn Kim A. , Dotter Aaron , Casagrande Luca , Gilmore Gerard
Published: June 2017

We investigate the color–magnitude diagram (CMD) of the Carina dwarf spheroidal galaxy using data of Stetson et al. and synthetic CMDs based on isochrones of Dotter et al., in terms of the parameters [Fe/H], age, and [α/Fe], for the cases when (i) [α/Fe] is held constant and (ii) [α/Fe] is varied. The data are well described by four basic epochs of star formation, having [Fe/H] = −1.85, −1.5, −1.2, and ∼−1.15 and ages ∼13, 7, ∼3.5, and ∼1.5 Gyr, respectively (for [α/Fe] = 0.1, constant [α/Fe], and [α/Fe] = 0.2, 0.1, −0.2, −0.2, variable [α/Fe]), with small spreads in [Fe/H] and age of order 0.1 dex and 1–3 Gyr. Within an elliptical radius 13.′1, the mass fractions of the populations, at their times of formation, were (in decreasing age order) 0.34, 0.39, 0.23, and 0.04. This formalism reproduces five observed CMD features (two distinct subgiant branches of old and intermediate-age populations, two younger, main-sequence components, and the small color dispersion on the red giant branch (RGB). The parameters of the youngest population are less certain than those of the others, and given it is less centrally concentrated, it may not be directly related to them. High-resolution spectroscopically analyzed RGB samples appear statistically incomplete compared with those selected using radial velocity, which contain bluer stars comprising ∼5%–10% of the samples. We conjecture these objects may, at least in part, be members of the youngest population. We use the CMD simulations to obtain insight into the population structure of Carina's upper RGB.
The Young L Dwarf 2MASS J11193254−1137466 Is a Planetary-mass Binary
Authors: Best William M. J. , Liu Michael C. , Dupuy Trent J. , Magnier Eugene A.
Published: June 2017

We have discovered that the extremely red, low-gravity L7 dwarf 2MASS J11193254−1137466 is a 0.″14 (3.6 au) binary using Keck laser guide star adaptive optics imaging. 2MASS J11193254−1137466 has previously been identified as a likely member of the TW Hydrae Association (TWA). Using our updated photometric distance and proper motion, a kinematic analysis based on the BANYAN II model gives an 82% probability of TWA membership. At TWA’s 10 ± 3 Myr age and using hot-start evolutionary models, 2MASS J11193254−1137466AB is a pair of

brown dwarfs, making it the lowest-mass binary discovered to date. We estimate an orbital period of

years. One component is marginally brighter in K band but fainter in J band, making this a probable flux-reversal binary, the first discovered with such a young age. We also imaged the spectrally similar TWA L7 dwarf WISEA J114724.10−204021.3 with Keck and found no sign of binarity. Our evolutionary model-derived

estimate for WISEA J114724.10−204021.3 is ≈230 K higher than for 2MASS J11193254−1137466AB, at odds with the spectral similarity of the two objects. This discrepancy suggests that WISEA J114724.10−204021.3 may actually be a tight binary with masses and temperatures very similar to 2MASS J11193254−1137466AB, or further supporting the idea that near-infrared spectra of young ultracool dwarfs are shaped by factors other than temperature and gravity. 2MASS J11193254−1137466AB will be an essential benchmark for testing evolutionary and atmospheric models in the young planetary-mass regime.
Variable H13CO+ Emission in the IM Lup Disk: X-Ray Driven Time-dependent Chemistry?
Authors: Cleeves L. Ilsedore , Bergin Edwin A. , Öberg Karin I. , Andrews Sean , Wilner David , Loomis Ryan
Published: June 2017

We report the first detection of a substantial brightening event in an isotopologue of a key molecular ion, HCO+, within a protoplanetary disk of a T Tauri star. The H13CO+

rotational transition was observed three times toward IM Lup between 2014 July and 2015 May with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. The first two observations show similar spectrally integrated line and continuum fluxes, while the third observation shows a doubling in the disk-integrated

line flux compared to the continuum, which does not change between the three epochs. We explore models of an X-ray active star irradiating the disk via stellar flares, and find that the optically thin H13CO+ emission variation can potentially be explained via X-ray-driven chemistry temporarily enhancing the HCO+ abundance in the upper layers of the disk atmosphere during large or prolonged flaring events. If the HCO+ enhancement is indeed caused by an X-ray flare, future observations should be able to spatially resolve these events and potentially enable us to watch the chemical aftermath of the high-energy stellar radiation propagating across the face of protoplanetary disks, providing a new pathway to explore ionization physics and chemistry, including electron density, in disks.
The Initial Mass Function of the Inner Galaxy Measured from OGLE-III Microlensing Timescales
Authors: Wegg Christopher , Gerhard Ortwin , Portail Matthieu
Published: June 2017

We use the timescale distribution of ∼3000 microlensing events measured by the OGLE-III survey, together with accurate new made-to-measure dynamical models of the Galactic bulge/bar region, to measure the IMF in the inner Milky Way. The timescale of each event depends on the mass of the lensing object, together with the relative distances and velocities of the lens and source. The dynamical model statistically provides these distances and velocities, allowing us to constrain the lens mass function, and thereby infer the IMF. Parameterizing the IMF as a broken power-law, we find slopes in the main-sequence

, and brown dwarf region

, where we use a fiducial 50% binary fraction, and the systematic uncertainty covers the range of binary fractions 0%–100%. Similarly, for a log-normal IMF we conclude

and

. These values are very similar to a Kroupa or Chabrier IMF, respectively, showing that the IMF in the bulge is indistinguishable from that measured locally, despite the lenses lying in the inner Milky Way where the stars are mostly ∼10 Gyr old and formed on a fast α-element enhanced timescale. This therefore constrains models of IMF variation that depend on the properties of the collapsing gas cloud.
The Braking Index of Millisecond Magnetars
Authors: Lasky Paul D. , Leris Cristiano , Rowlinson Antonia , Glampedakis Kostas
Published: June 2017

We make the first measurement of the braking index n of two putative millisecond magnetars born in short gamma-ray bursts. We measure

and

for millisecond magnetars born in GRB 130603B and GRB 140903A, respectively. The neutron star born in GRB 130603B has the only known a braking index consistent with the fiducial n = 3 value. This value is ruled out with 99.95% confidence for GRB 140903A. We discuss possible causes of

braking indices in millisecond magnetars, showing that several models can account for the measurement of the braking index in GRB 140903A, while it is more difficult to account for a braking index consistent with n = 3.
Livrer les batailles que l’on peut remporter
Authors: Karsz Saül
Published: June 2017

Les évolutions économiques et sociales rendent l’humanisme, cette référence majeure du travail social, instable, abstrait, creux, tandis que les protocoles, voire le protocolisme et autres dispositifs de gouvernance s’imposent de plus en plus. Les pratiques quotidiennes s’en trouvent sévèrement déstabilisées. La nostalgie semble alors de mise, qui regrette des temps autrefois simples et clairs – qui en fait n’ont jamais existé. Car la complexité est l’ombre portée du travail social. C’est pourquoi il convient de revisiter quelques lieux communs et de rectifier quelques erreurs de perspective qui contribuent à alourdir davantage une situation effectivement difficile. Ce n’est pas le travail social qui est aujourd’hui en cause – mais ses rationalisations humanistes. Nous sommes, individuellement et collectivement, pour quelque chose dans ce qui arrive aujourd’hui. Nous pouvons donc l’être également dans l’ouverture à des possibles.
Éducation spécialisée en milieu ordinaire
Authors: Ben-Abdellah Mehdi
Published: June 2017

Les Francas, mouvement d’éducation populaire, organisent des clae avec la mairie de Toulouse. Le clae Les Francas-Sauzelong travaille depuis quelques années avec les éducateurs spécialisés du centre Lestrade. Les éducateurs s’occupent d’enfants dysphasiques et d’enfants déficients auditifs. De l’arrivée des éducateurs spécialisés sur le clae à aujourd’hui, l’évolution du travail entre les animateurs et l’équipe de Lestrade a amené chaque adulte à adapter ses missions en fonction des enfants et de l’approche éducative des partenaires.
Numerical Analysis of Hygrothermal Building Performance of Gypsum Houses in Brazil
Authors: Paula P. , Vázquez da Silva M. , Delgado J.M.P.Q.
Published: June 2017

In this study, it is presented a simple modular constructive system based in plaster blocks. It is argued that this building system considerably reduces hand labour, execution time and the final cost of construction. This is particularly important in a country whose goal is to reach 3 million new homes in a brief time. However, the evaluation of the durability of the solutions should be analysed as well as the implementation and performance in various climates Brazil.
The hygrothermal performance of the gypsum plaster house was assessed by advanced modelling using WUFI Plus software. The numerical results obtained allowed a discussion on the indoor comfort and energy consumption.
For the development of this study, it was important an analysis of the housing deficit in Brazil, in order to look to the world. The analysis indicates a clear need for new housing construction in the country. Preferably should be chosen constructive solutions, simple, fast and easy to implement, without neglecting the comfort and durability. The use of local endogenous natural resources such as plaster, can be an attractive solution from an environmental point of view as well as economical. Thus, an innovative modular building system based on plaster blocks is displayed and monitored to validate the advanced simulation program used.
It has been developed a comprehensive numerical simulation study to evaluate the influence of several thermal parameters (thermal insulation of walls and roofs, night ventilation and window solar factor), in the thermal performance of a typical gypsum house.
Pressure Drop through Structured Porous Media - Inlet and Outlet Effects
Authors: Malico Isabel , Ferreira de Sousa P.J.S.A.
Published: June 2017

Inlet and outlet pressure drop effects can contribute significantly to the total pressure drop in porous media if thin solid matrices are used. However, these effects are usually ignored and few are the studies that focus on this topic. This paper uses a numerical simulation approach to determine the importance of the inlet and outlet pressure drop effects on the total pressure drop in a staggered arrangement of square cylinders with equal sizes, dc. The Navier-Stokes equations are solved at the pore level for several matrix lengths (from dc to 34dc) and for several Reynolds numbers based on dc and maximum velocity of the velocity inlet profile (from 36 to 120). Accurate results of the velocity and pressure fields are obtained through the use of the immersed boundary method in combination with the finite differences method, 4th-order compact schemes for spatial discretization and 4th-order Runge-Kutta temporal discretization. The results presented in this paper confirm that the classical models (e.g., Hazen-Dupuit-Darcy model) are only valid when the solid matrix has a length above a certain value, called the critical length. For shorter porous media, the pressure drop does not vary linearly with the matrix length. The deviations to the model that occur at the shortest porous media are explained by the entrance and exit contributions to the total pressure drop that, in these cases, are not negligible when compared to the bulk pressure drop. For the staggered array of square cylinders and range of Reynolds numbers considered, the critical porous medium length is 16dc. A practical outcome of the present study is the quantification of the influence of the pressure tap locations on the measurements of pressure drop in porous media. When the matrix is short when compared to the particle diameter, care must be taken with the pressure taps placement: they should be located outside the porous matrix and not too close to its inlet and outlet sections. If the matrix is thick enough when compared to the particle diameter, the taps can be placed either inside or outside the matrix. Also, if the influence of the side walls on the total pressure drop is not high (i.e., the walls are at a relative large distance when compared to the particle diameter), there is no practical need to correct the measured pressure values to account for the influence of the walls. This correction should be considered for the shortest matrices though.
Experimental Study of the Klinkenberg Effect on the Gas Permeability of Coal
Authors: Zagorščak Renato , Thomas Hywel Rhys
Published: June 2017

This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation on gas flow and Klinkenberg effect in coal. An anthracite coal sample is subjected to a range of effective stress conditions in order to investigate a general trend of coal permeability reduction with an increase in effective stress. Based on the measured values of permeability at different mean gas pressures for constant effective stress conditions, intrinsic values of permeability in the range 0.2 – 1.5 mD and gas slip factors are determined using the Klinkenberg plot. Using measured gas permeability and calculated intrinsic permeability values, an assessment of the mean gas pressure required to minimize the Klinkenberg effect is conducted.
Heat and Mass Transfer during Drying of Clay Ceramic Materials: A Three-Dimensional Analytical Study
Authors: Teixeira de Brito M.K. , Teixeira de Almeida D.B. , Barbosa de Lima A.G. , Almeida Rocha L. , Santana de Lima E. , Barbosa de Oliveira V.A.
Published: June 2017

This work aims to study heat and mass transfer in solids with parallelepiped shape with particular reference to drying process. A transient three-dimensional mathematical model based on the Fick ́s and Fourier ́s Laws was developed to predict heat and mass transport in solids considering constant physical properties and convective boundary conditions at the surface of the solid. The analytical solution of the governing equations was obtained using the method of separation of variables. The study was applied in the drying of common ceramic bricks. Predicted results of the heating and drying kinetics and the moisture and temperature distributions inside the material during the process, are compared with experimental data and good agreement was obtained. It has been found that the vertices of the solid dry and heat first. This provokes thermal and hydric stresses inside the material, which may compromise the quality of the product after drying.
Comparative Study on Nano-Structural and Traditional Al2O3-13TiO2 Air Plasma Sprayed Coatings and their Thermal Shock Performance
Authors: Yao Sun Hui , Su Yan Liang , Shu Hung Yu , Lee Chia I , You Zong Ling
Published: June 2017

This paper reports a comparative study on characterization and thermal shock behavior of air plasma sprayed Al2O3-13wt.%TiO2 coatings using two kinds of raw materials, i.e. nanostructural and micro-structural (traditional) feedstock powders. The characterization, before and after thermal shock test, was carried out using micro-Vickers hardness tester, XRD and SEM. The thermal shock test was carried out using a water quenching method by employing cyclic heat treatment between ambient temperature and 650°C in air. The results showed that in spite of having denser structure, the nanostructural coating showed hardness a little lower than the traditional one at both conditions of before and after thermal shock tests. However, the nanostructural coating showed very good thermal shock behaviour.
Corrosive Resistance of HVOF WC Coatings with a Different Binder
Authors: Yao Sun Hui , Su Yan Liang , Shu Hung Yu , You Zong Ling , Lai Yu Chen
Published: June 2017

This study aimed to understand the effect of a different binder on fundamental properties and corrosion behavior of WC based HVOF coatings. Three kinds of coatings, each with a different binder, were prepared using commercial feedstock powders, i.e. WC-12Co, WC-10Co4Cr and WC-12Ni. Micro Vickers hardness tester, XRD and SEM were used. The corrosion performance was evaluated using a salt spray tester. It was found that the WC-10Co4Cr coating showed the highest corrosion resistance and superior hardness comparable to the WC-12Co coating.
Tribological Properties of Al2O3 Particles Reinforced Ni-P Composite Coating
Authors: Hsu Chih I , Hou Kung Hsu , Ger Ming Der
Published: June 2017

In this study, hardness and wear resistance of electroless Ni–P and Ni–P/Al2O3 composite coating have been investigated. These composite coatings are applied on iron substrate by electroless deposition process and then they were heat treated at 400°C for 1h. Surface and cross-section morphology of composite deposits have been investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and microstructural changes were evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The results showed that the Al2O3 particles co-deposited in Ni–P matrix led to an increase in the hardness and improve wear resistance, especially when the heat treated at 400°C will have the maximum hardness and wear resistance.
Dynamic Characteristics of Rotor-Bearing System with a Labyrinth Seal
Authors: Shyu Shiuh Hwa , Chen Yu Wei
Published: June 2017

In this paper, the dynamic characteristics of rotor-bearing system with a labyrinth seal are investigated. The dynamic coefficients of labyrinth seal and the whirl speeds of rotor-bearing system are analyzed. The simplified rotor-bearing model consists of a rigid disk and a flexible shaft. The rotor-bearing system supported by two ball bearings, which are modeled as the spring-damper systems. A labyrinth seal supports one of the rigid disks. The perturbation approach has been applied to the governing equations of the bulk-flow model to calculate the dynamic coefficients of labyrinth seal. The Finite Element Method (FEM) is utilized to model the flexible-rotor system. The numerical results show the labyrinth seal effect on the dynamic characteristics of rotor-bearing system, which depend on a great variety of parameters such as geometry of the labyrinth seal.
Lubricated Wear of Machinable Lithium Disilicate Glass Ceramic
Authors: Elbourne-Binns Laura , Baena Juan Carlos , Yin Ling , Peng Zhong Xiao
Published: June 2017

An experimental investigation was performed to study the wear of a promising dental ceramic, i.e., machinable lithium disilicate glass ceramic, under lubrication conditions, in particular, to examine effects of the surface finish and applied load on wear. Our previous work has shown that a fine finish in a dry condition did not necessarily translate to the lowest wear volume due to changes in the dominant wear mechanisms. This study tested the ceramic specimens with four average surface roughness values of Sa = 143 nm, 217 nm, 353 nm, and 692 nm on a reciprocating sliding friction rig against alumina balls with two applied forces of 5 N and 25 N in a bath of distilled water. Comparing with the results obtained in the dry conditions, this study shows that surface roughness of approximately 200 nm may be suitable for surface preparation of crowns made from the material in the wet and dry wear conditions in the oral environment.
Tribological Properties of DLC Coating with Various Zr Target Current
Authors: Kao Wen Hsien
Published: June 2017

The main purpose of this study is to research the tribological properties and mechanical properties of diamond-like carbon coating (DLC) used unbalanced magnetron sputtering system (UBMS). The objective is influence of various Zr target current on the properties of coatings, current from 0.0 A to 0.5 A. The cross-section morphology was observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). With the increase of the Zirconium targets current, the quantity contained of the Zirconium increases. Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were employed to analyze the microstructure properties of the coatings. The nanoindentation tester was used to measure the mechanical properties. Furthermore, the wear tests were achieved through the Schwingung Reibung and Verschliess (SRV) reciprocating wear tester under dry condition. The DLC coating was deposited used 0.4 A Zr target current possessed the lowest I(D)/I(G) ratio, the highest sp3 content and highest hardness. The DLC coating (0.4A) also displayed excellent tibological properties including the lowest friction coefficient, and wear depth.
Friction Factor of 6061 Aluminum Alloy and Application to the Finite Element Analysis of Wheel Forging
Authors: Yang Tung Sheng , Luo Kui Chih
Published: June 2017

The friction factor between 6061 aluminum alloy and die material (SKD61) are determined at different temperatures by using ring compression test which are carried out on a material testing machine. Mechanical properties and fiction factor are then applied to the finite element analysis of the wheel forging for different elevated temperature. Maximum forging load, effective stress and temperature distribution are determined of the wheel forging, using the finie element analysis. Finally, the wheel parts are formed by the forging machine under the conditions using finite element analysis.
Processing Parameters and Microstructure of 6mm 6061 Aluminum Alloy Joints by Friction Stir Welding
Authors: Jia Yang , Wang Ke Hong
Published: June 2017

The processing parameters of friction stir welding for 6061 aluminum alloy were optimized by using the orthogonal experimental design in the range analysis and variance analysis with the tensile strength and elongation as the parameters. The results show that the stirring speed is the key factor, even welding speed, pressure and stirring head working angle also influence welding quality. The highest tensile strength can reach to 251MPa as the elongation reached to 7.5% with the optimum parameters of rotating speed of 800r/min, welding speed of 200~220mm/min, pressure volume of 0.4mm and stirring head working angle of 3°. The weld nugget zone (NZ) is composed of uniform fine equiaxed grains, while thermo mechanically affected zone (TMAZ) is composed of slender coarse grains. The structure of heat affected zone (HAZ) is developed along the deformation direction with the effect of thermal cycle.The fracture morphology of the FSW joints shows ductile dimple features which validates the high ductility of the joint during the tensile testing.
Tribology Properties of IGZO Films by the Sliding Contacts of Reciprocating Motion
Authors: Li Tse Chang , Hsiao Ching Lin , Chiang Yu Ching , Lin Jen Fin
Published: June 2017

In the present study, sliding tribo tests with reciprocating motion were carried out to simulate the thumb-driven wear arising in indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) specimens prepared at five inclination angles during film deposition. Frictional and normal forces, Fx and Fy, and vibrations were used to analyze energy dissipation (ΔW) and composite mean force fluctuation intensities (IFSS). Friction coefficient is lowered by decreasing the mean surface roughness (Ra); its increase can raise ΔW. The friction coefficients of samples prepared with a nonzero inclination angle were lower than that of the IGZO_0° specimen.
Triorchidism: which therapy?
Authors: Piro Eugenia , Abati Laura , Zocca Veronica , Brugnoni Marta , D’Alessio Antonio
Published: June 2017

Polyorchidism is an anomaly characterized by more than two gonads; triorchidism is the most common variant. Its management is controversial, mostly when surgical treatment is occasional. CB, 14 year-old, came to the hospital due to right-sided testicular torsion. During surgery, testis was rotated and the contralateral testis, which presented as an anatomically continuum with a gonadic structure similar to the other testes but with a smaller diameter, was fixed. We performed biopsy on both left testes and decided to preserve the supernumerary one. Following the anatomic and functional classification of polyorchidism by Singer, preservation is justified on the grounds of the presence of a supernumerary testis that drains into the epididymis of the normal testis, merging into one single deferent duct (Singer Type 1). At biopsy, both testes had a valid spermatogenic asset. The diagnostic follow-up at 6 and 12 months did not show any pathological alteration. Diagnosis of polyorchidism is occasional. Its treatment varies depending on the site, dimension, and anatomy of the drainage system of the supernumerary testis. If the supernumerary testis is preserved, a standardized diagnostic follow-up is recommended.
Primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis and associated factors in a referral continence clinic of Abu Dhabi
Authors: Arena Salvatore , Patricolo Mario
Published: June 2017

The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (PMNE) and its associated factors in a major referral centre for nocturnal enuresis in the City of Abu Dhabi. Children referred to the Pediatric Continence Clinic of Department of Pediatric and Urology Surgery at Al Noor Hospital, Abu Dhabi (UAE), between January 2014 and January 2016 for the suspected diagnosis of NE were considered. The inclusion criteria of our study were: age 5-14 years; full medical history and physical examination; urine dipstick to exclude glycosuria and proteinuria; completion of diagnostic urological work-up; final diagnosis of PMNE. Parents were encouraged to follow a program on urotherapy. All children underwent renal and bladder ultrasound, abdominal X-ray and uroflowmetry with electromyography. Constipation was treated, if present. 39 patients had a diagnosis of PMNE. A constipation was present in 17 children (43.6%). Statistical analysis documented a higher incidence of PMNE in the male groups. 38 out of 39 children (97.4%) resolved PMNE, 14 following urotherapy and 24 required medical therapy with desmopressin. Our experience clearly confirms a higher prevalence rate of PMNE in boys than in girls. In the study population, the large intake of dry and reducedin- fibers foods, the excessive intake of carbonated drinks and the hot climatic condition might negatively influence the incidence of fecal retention and the subsequent PMNE. A multi-modal assessment seems to be effective in the management of PMNE, showing a very high rate of resolution.
Movilización y participación en Twitter. Estudio de caso del hashtag #SuperTuesday en las primarias presidenciales de EEUU 2016
Authors: Pérez-Martínez Víctor Manuel , Rodríguez González María Dolores , Tobajas Gracia María
Published: June 2017

El proceso electoral de los Estados Unidos es de interés mundial; es un evento de impacto por el interés informativo y el supermartes es un hito en la campaña electoral a la Casa Blanca. Objetivo: Analizar los contenidos y la interacción en Twitter durante la jornada del supermartes. Metodología: El estudio incluyó las características de los tweets publicados, los tipos de contenido, los temas y la interacción en Twitter. El estudio se realizó seleccionando tuits durante la jornada del supermartes que incluyeron el hashtag #SuperTuesday. Las metodologías utilizadas fueron el análisis de contenido. Discusión y Conclusiones: La constante fue la preferencia por resaltar la jornada electoral a través de contenidos originales y en los cuales no destacaba ninguno de los candidatos. El supermartes fue la temática de preferencia dejando paso, al final de la jornada, a los candidatos como tema preferente.
Pode-se aprender matemática através da investigação de casos particulares?
Authors: Levy Lênio Fernandes
Published: June 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1982-5153.2016v9n2p287A discussão acerca da possibilidade de construções de objetos matemáticos no âmbito escolar, construções essas que tenham a ver com subsídios proporcionados por atividades de modelagem matemática, é o cerne deste artigo, o qual, em termos metodológicos, é marcado pela perquirição qualitativa de cunho teórico-bibliográfico. A dedução, mesmo não sendo exclusiva do pensamento matemático, é o seu atributo mais significativo, diferenciando tal pensamento de ações cognitivas que se iniciam pela abordagem de casos particulares, normalmente característicos do mundo entendido como real, o que dá margem a críticas fortalecedoras da ideia de insuficiência da modelagem matemática, no ensino e na aprendizagem, visando à elaboração de objetos matemáticos, na medida em que a atividade de modelar (afora o vínculo que mantém com a dedução) não prescinde das chamadas situações reais, que, por abrangerem singularidades, demandam (e são demandadas por) processos cognitivos frequentemente opostos ao caminhar dedutivo, embora a dedução seja necessária ao sujeito cognoscente quando lida não apenas com o domínio matemático, mas também com diversas situações nomeadas de reais. A pergunta-diretriz do presente artigo é a mesma que o intitula: “pode-se aprender Matemática através da investigação de casos particulares?”. Neste texto, mediante ênfase a liames que envolvem os temas “desordem, ordem, indução e dedução”, apresentam-se argumentos que conduzem a resultados ou conclusões favoráveis à eficácia do “aprendizado (e/ou da construção) de Matemática com auxílio do ato de modelar”, sem a desconsideração, a seu turno, do emprego da modelagem matemática com vistas também ao aperfeiçoamento de habilidades matemáticas previamente internalizadas ou assimiladas pelo aluno.
Tree growth and its climate signal along latitudinal and altitudinal gradients: comparison of tree rings between Finland and the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Lyu Lixin , Suvanto Susanne , Nöjd Pekka , Henttonen Helena M. , Mäkinen Harri , Zhang Qi-Bin
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Latitudinal and altitudinal gradients can be utilized to forecast the impact of climate change on forests. To improve the understanding of how these gradients impact forest dynamics, we tested two hypotheses: (1) the change of the tree growth–climate relationship is similar along both latitudinal and altitudinal gradients, and (2) the time periods during which climate affects growth the most occur later towards higher latitudes and altitudes. To address this, we utilized tree-ring data from a latitudinal gradient in Finland and from two altitudinal gradients on the Tibetan Plateau. We analysed the latitudinal and altitudinal growth patterns in tree rings and investigated the growth–climate relationship of trees by correlating ring-width index chronologies with climate variables, calculating with flexible time windows, and using daily-resolution climate data. High latitude and altitude plots showed higher correlations between tree-ring chronologies and growing season temperature. However, the effects of winter temperature showed contrasting patterns for the gradients. The timing of the highest correlation with temperatures during the growing season at southern sites was approximately 1 month ahead of that at northern sites in the latitudinal gradient. In one out of two altitudinal gradients, the timing for the strongest negative correlation with temperature at low-altitude sites was ahead of treeline sites during the growing season, possibly due to differences in moisture limitation. Mean values and the standard deviation of tree-ring width increased with increasing mean July temperatures on both types of gradients. Our results showed similarities of tree growth responses to increasing seasonal temperature between latitudinal and altitudinal gradients. However, differences in climate–growth relationships were also found between gradients due to differences in other factors such as moisture conditions. Changes in the timing of the most critical climate variables demonstrated the necessity for the use of daily-resolution climate data in environmental gradient studies.
Identification of runoff formation with two dyes in a mid-latitude mountain headwater
Authors: Vlček Lukáš , Falátková Kristýna , Schneider Philipp
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Subsurface flow in peat bog areas and its role in the hydrologic cycle has garnered increased attention as water scarcity and floods have increased due to a changing climate. In order to further probe the mechanisms in peat bog areas and contextualize them at the catchment scale, this experimental study identifies runoff formation at two opposite hillslopes in a peaty mountain headwater; a slope with organic peat soils and a shallow phreatic zone (0.5 m below surface), and a slope with mineral Podzol soils and no detectable groundwater (> 2 m below surface). Similarities and differences in infiltration, percolation and preferential flow paths between both hillslopes could be identified by sprinkling experiments with Brilliant Blue and Fluorescein sodium. To our knowledge, this is the first time these two dyes have been compared in their ability to stain preferential flow paths in soils. Dye-stained soil profiles within and downstream of the sprinkling areas were excavated parallel (lateral profiles) and perpendicular (frontal profiles) to the slopes' gradients. That way preferential flow patterns in the soil could be clearly identified. The results show that biomat flow, shallow subsurface flow in the organic topsoil layer, occurred at both hillslopes; however, at the peat bog hillslope it was significantly more prominent. The dye solutions infiltrated into the soil and continued either as lateral subsurface pipe flow in the case of the peat bog, or percolated vertically towards the bedrock in the case of the Podzol. This study provides evidence that subsurface pipe flow, lateral preferential flow along decomposed tree roots or logs in the unsaturated zone, is a major runoff formation process at the peat bog hillslope and in the adjacent riparian zone.
Statistical characteristics of convective wind gusts in Germany
Authors: Mohr Susanna , Kunz Michael , Richter Alexandra , Ruck Bodo
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Due to the small-scale and non-stationary nature of the convective wind gusts usually associated with thunderstorms, there is a considerable lack of knowledge regarding their characteristics and statistics. In an effort to remedy this situation, we investigated in this study a set of 110 climate stations of the German Weather Service between 1992 and 2014 to analyze the temporal and spatial distribution, intensity, and occurrence probability of convective gusts. Similar to thunderstorm activity, the frequency of convective gusts decreases gradually from southern to northern Germany. No further spatial structures, such as a relation to orography or climate conditions, can be identified regarding their strength or likelihood. Rather, high wind speeds of above 30 m s−1 can be expected everywhere in Germany with almost similar occurrence probabilities. A comparison of the 20-year return values of convective gusts with those of turbulent gusts demonstrates that the latter have higher frequencies, especially in northern Germany. However, for higher return periods, this effect can be reversed at some stations. The values of the convective gust factors are mainly in a range between 1 and 4 but can even reach values up to 10. Besides the dependency from the averaging time period of the mean wind, the values of the gust factors additionally depend on the event duration and the storm type, respectively.
La representación en la prensa española del discurso del presidente Theodore Roosevelt en defensa de la construcción del canal de Panamá
Authors: Formoso David , Pena Alberto
Published: June 2017

Después de la guerra de Estados Unidos contra España, el presidente Theodore Roosevelt protagonizó la política de expansionismo militar y comercial del país. Para poder materializarla, se apoyó en la construcción de una marina militar poderosa y un canal por Centroamérica para posibilitar una mayor eficacia de aquella, mejorar las rutas comerciales y, al mismo tiempo, proyectar su ejecución en un referente mundial de prestigio para la joven nación. Se aborda en este artículo la representación del discurso político en la prensa española de este presidente en defensa de la construcción del canal de Panamá entre 1906 y 1909, en un contexto de antinorteamericanismo español enaltecido en la guerra de 1898.
El interés por la insurrección cubana (1953-1958) en Estados Unidos: The New York Times como medio influyente
Authors: Calvo González Patricia
Published: June 2017

El objetivo del artículo es plasmar el creciente interés informativo por Cuba en Estados Unidos durante los dos últimos años de la etapa insurreccional (1957-1958) a través de uno de sus periódicos de referencia: The New York Times. El análisis se enmarca dentro de los estudios acerca de la dimensión pública de las revoluciones y movimientos armados latinoamericanos, que abre una nueva vía a la hora de analizar este tipo de procesos históricos.
Innovación y consolidación del «infoentretenimiento» político: una perspectiva histórica
Authors: Martín Jiménez Virginia , Berrocal Gonzalo Salomé
Published: June 2017

Este artículo examina los programas pioneros de «infoentretenimiento» político emitidos por la televisión en España debido a su relevancia desde el punto de vista de la historia televisiva más reciente y teniendo en cuenta el vacío historiográfico existente en torno a estas emisiones. El trabajo parte de los estudios publicados sobre este género televisivo y los estilemas predominantes en los programas de «infoentretenimiento» actuales que se emiten en la TDT (Berrocal et al., 2014; Berrocal, Campos & Redondo, 2014; Ortells, 2011). El estudio busca analizar, desde el punto de vista cualitativo y a través de una ficha de análisis aplicada a una muestra de dichos espacios pioneros, si en dichos programas aparecían ya los estilemas que definen el «infoentretenimiento» político en la actualidad.
Sociabilidad virtual: la interacción social en el ecosistema digital
Authors: Cáceres Zapatero María Dolores , Brändle Señán Gaspar , Ruiz San Román José Antonio
Published: June 2017

A partir de la normalización de las TIC en la vida cotidiana, la hiperconexión ininterrumpida y ubicua media gran parte de las comunicaciones y encuentros que conforman la vida del sujeto contemporáneo y se ha convertido en la forma natural de estar en el mundo, dando lugar a nuevas formas de sociabilidad. El objetivo de este trabajo es introducir el concepto de sociabilidad virtual como marco para repensar las formas de la socialidad desde el entorno digital. Los cambios que la innovación tecnológica ha operado en las interacciones afectan a los escenarios y los procesos, transformando las relaciones que se establecen entre los actores (líquidas), la forma en que el sujeto se muestra y actúa con los otros (desde identidades flexibles) y creando nuevas formas de afiliación y vinculación social (comunidades virtuales).
La construcción de la imagen de las mujeres: net.art y medios de comunicación
Authors: González-Moreno M. Barbaño , Muñoz-Muñoz Ana M.
Published: June 2017

El presente trabajo estudia el papel de las mujeres en el movimiento artístico net.art. Se centra en averiguar en qué posición se encuentra la identidad femenina en el soporte artístico más contemporáneo (la red), cómo se crea, se proyecta y se divulga teniendo en cuenta la interactividad del medio y la influencia en el proceso de creación y recepción de la obra. Reflexionando el arte en la red como herramienta de empoderamiento femenina y contraponiéndolo con las posibilidades que ofrecen los medios convencionales. Se distingue el vínculo existente entre imagen y cuerpo en la construcción de la identidad y se extrapola al net.art. Se obtiene así el resultado de creación de la imagen de las mujeres en este movimiento artístico y cómo se proyecta al ciberespacio. Posteriormente, se procede al análisis de la interactividad que tiene el colectivo femenino a través de internet y la importancia que tiene el ciberfeminismo en la identidad de las mujeres. Se concluye que el arte digital, en concreto el net.art, es una herramienta muy importante dentro del colectivo de arte feminista para la construcción y deconstrucción de su imagen, constituyendo una experiencia pionera en la que el medio puede favorecer la igualdad de género. Se ofrece así un espacio de representación en el que el anonimato y/o la ausencia de génerofacilita la existencia de una igualdad de oportunidades en el ámbito artístico.