bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a digital app-based sambo sports book for students at high school level extracurricular activities
Authors: Br. Ginting Elvita Ersama , Bangun Sabaruddin Yunis , Siregar Samsuddin
Published: September 2024

The survey in North Sumatra was conducted by researchers in the areas of Medan, Tanah Karo, Tebing Tinggi, Asahan, Serdang Bedagai, Deli Serdang, Labuhan Batu, Tanjung Balai, Humbahas, and Binjai, many coaches and athletes still do not have adequate guidance in Indonesian. Most of the information is still in foreign languages, making it difficult to understand Sambo's techniques and rules. This study aims to develop a digital application-based sambo sports book. Method, in this research, uses the research and development (R&D) method. The research subjects consisted of 10 athletes, coaches, and sambo sports enthusiasts for the main field trial and 20 athletes, coaches, and sambo sports enthusiasts for the operational field trial. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and questionnaires, with instruments in the form of feasibility assessment sheets from sambo sports experts, linguists, media experts, and user subjects. Data analysis was carried out using a percentage quantitative descriptive technique. The results showed that this digital application-based sambo sports book was very good and feasible. This book has great potential to improve the understanding of sambo techniques and rules among athletes, coaches, and sambo enthusiasts by providing easy-to-understand guidelines in Indonesian and emphasizing the importance of technology-based approaches in Sambo.
The running and jumping game model is effective in improving physical motor disorders in children with mentally retarded
Authors: Raharjo Slamet , Yunus Mahmud , Subagio Irmantara , Azidin Raja Mohammed Firhad Raja
Published: September 2024

This study aims to demonstrate the effect of a running and jumping game model in improving physical motor impairments in children with intellectual disabilities. A pre-experimental design method was used, involving 15 male children aged 11-12 years with intellectual disabilities, who were selected through purposive sampling. The running and jumping game model was conducted for 30 minutes per session, with moderate intensity (60-70% HRmax), three times a week for four weeks. Data collection involved measuring motor skill development, namely running speed and jump height, between pretest and posttest using a 40-meter run test and vertical jump test. Data analysis was conducted using a paired sample t-test with a 5% confidence level. The results showed a significant difference in running speed between pretest and posttest (8.98±0.07 vs. 7.66±0.09 seconds; p=0.001). Similarly, jump height analysis showed a significant difference between the pretest and posttest (21.57±0.98 vs. 31.43±1.72 cm; p=0.001). This proves that the running and jumping game model effectively improves motor skills impairments in children with intellectual disabilities.
Learning media as a solution to increase knowledge and abilities in students
Authors: Hasibuan Rosmaini , Siregar Samsuddin , Widianingsih Onyas , Natas Pasaribu Ahmad Muchlishin
Published: September 2024

The selection of appropriate learning media is proven to have a positive impact on students' knowledge and abilities in the learning process. They were referring to material in learning carried out by sports students as one of the preparations for teachers who must understand refereeing regulations so that the entire learning process can really utilize learning media. This study aims to determine the effect of the application of learning media on remembering the knowledge and ability of volleyball referees. The research method used in this study is quasi-experiment with a pretest and posttest quasi-experimental control group research design. This study involved 30 volleyball referee students who were obtained using cluster random sampling. This research instrument is an instrument that uses a questionnaire on the level of knowledge and ability of volleyball referees, divided into 10 indicators. This questionnaire obtained a reliability of 0.826. The analysis of this data used prerequisite tests (normality test using the Kolmogorov Smirnov test, homogeneity test using the Levin statistical test), and a t-test conducted with the help of SPSS 25 to test the effect on each subject. The results showed that the average score of the experimental volleyball referee group was 216.93 ± 7.75, while the average score of the control volleyball referee knowledge and ability level group was 189.47 ± 7.18, the experimental group was better than the control group.
Strategies for improving student swimming skills using training methods and media
Authors: Sugiyanto Fx. , Pangastuti Nur Indah , Sujarwo Sujarwo
Published: September 2024

Many students find that swimming is a necessary skill, yet many struggle to learn the appropriate form due to inadequate teaching. Learning can happen faster with the right training media, and knowledge of swimming techniques can be improved. Innovative teaching methods and training media are needed to optimise students' mastery of swimming skills. This study is to assess how well proper workout regimens and media can enhance fundamental swimming skills. This study uses an action research design, where three action research cycles are (1) preparation, (2) action, (3) observation, and (4) reflection. If at least 75% of children can perform basic swim movements in a crawling style successfully, then this learning has been successful. This study used a percentage analysis methodology as its analytical method. While at least 75% of students who received a completeness score in swimming during the first cycle showed success in basic crawl style movements, the learning results of students' movements were not in accordance with the success indicators; only 55.55% of students achieved the overall target. The number of students who achieved the goal in the second cycle increased to 32 or 71.11%. At the end of the cycle, 40 students, or 88.89% of students, achieved the overall target. According to the study's findings, the basic swimming ability of adolescent students can be improved by using land exercises and training tools.
Psychological and nutritional analysis of athletes for Semarang sports week championship 2023
Authors: Yudha Kusuma Donny Wira , Yuwono Cahyo , Qoriah Anirotul , Supriyono Supriyono , Wiyanto Agus
Published: September 2024

Athlete psychology and nutrition play an important role in athlete success. These factors influence each other, so knowing athletes' psychology and nutrition levels is necessary. This study aimed to analyze the level of psychology and nutrition of athletes. The research method used in this study is a survey with an ex post facto research design. This research survey uses the distribution of questionnaires in accordance with the instruments used. The sample involved in this study were athletes who participated in the 2023 Provincial Sports Week championship (PORPROV), with the total sampling technique involving as many as 285 athletes. The analysis technique in this study uses descriptive quantitative to determine the mean and standard deviation and is categorized into 5 levels. From the results of the table analysis above, the psychological aspects of the 285 athletes involved in this study showed good results. The results of the table analysis above show that the nutritional adequacy of the 285 athletes involved in this study is sufficient. This study concludes that the psychological and nutrition of athletes need to be improved, given the importance of these factors as one of improving achievement.
Efektifitas Penggunaan Google Classroom Sebagai Media Pembelajaran Mata Pelajaran Sistem Pengendali Elektronik Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di SMKN Lengkong Kabupaten Nganjuk
Authors: Septian Iswanjaya
Published: September 2024

Abstrak
 
Pandemi COVID-19 membuat perubahan pada sistem pembelajaran. Perubahan terjadi dari sistem pembelajaran normal menjadi pembelajaran jarak jauh. Pembelajaran daring (online) merupakan sistem pembelajaran digunakan saat ini. Google Classroom merupakan salah satu aplikasi buatan Google LLC. yang digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran daring. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui efektifitas penggunaan Google Classroom sebagai sarana media pembelajaran daring mata pelajaran Sistem Pengendali Elektronik di saat pandemi COVID-19. Metode yang digunakan berupa angket melalui Google Form pada siswa mata pelajaran Sistem Pengendali Elektronik yang berjumlah 33 siswa. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa siswa ragu-ragu dengan penerapan Google Classroom sebagai media pembelajaran daring pada mata pelajaran Sistem Pengendali Elektronik di SMK Negeri Lengkong Kab. Nganjuk dengan nilai persentase rata-rata 70,18%. Untuk kemudahan aplikasi, siswa masih ragu-ragu Google Classroom digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran daring, dengan nilai persentase 77,09%.
 
Kata kunci: COVID-19, Google Classroom, Sistem Pengendali Elektronik
Pengembangan Wondershare Quiz Creator Sebagai Alat Evaluasi Pada Pembelajaran Sejarah (Pada Siswa SMA Kelas XI IPS 2 di SMA Negeri 1 Sobang)
Authors: Nur Silawati Reni , Rustamana Agus , Nurhasanah Ana
Published: September 2024

Abstrak
Evaluasi pembelajaran merupakan tugas yang sangat penting, dengan adanya kreativitas dari guru dalam menggunakan alat evaluasi yang efektif dan efisien serta menyenangkan maka diharapkan akan lebih mudah diterima oleh siswa dan mempermudah guru saat memberikan evaluasi pembelajaran. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian dan pengembangan atau Research and Development yang mengacu pada model pengembangan ADDIE yang terdiri dari lima tahapan yang meliputi analisis (analysis), desain (design), pengembangan (development), implementasi (implementation) dan evaluasi (evaluation). Kelebihan menggunakan Wondershare Quiz Creator yaitu guru lebih mudah dalam menyiapkan dan menyusun alat evaluasi pembelajaran. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa alat evaluasi Wondershare Quiz Creator yang telah divalidasi ahli materi memperoleh skor persentase 94,2% dengan kriteria sangat valid, validasi oleh ahli desain media setelah revisi memperoleh skor persentase 93% dengan kriteria sangat valid, dan respon peserta didik memperoleh skor persentase 86,1% dengan kriteria sangat valid. Aplikasi Wondershare Quiz Creator dikatan berpengaruh terhadap pembelajaran sejarah dilihat dari tingkat keberhasilan pengembangan yang memperoleh skor persentase sebesar 85,7%. Dengan demikian, Wondershare Quiz Creator dinyatakan layak dan dapat digunakan untuk alat evaluasi pada materi Kerajaan-kerajaan Maritim Indonesia Masa Islam untuk peserta didik kelas XI IPS 2 di SMA Negeri 1 Sobang.
Kata Kunci: Wondershare Quiz Creator, ADDIE, Evaluasi, Pembelajaran Sejarah.
Spices in the Warunggahan Inscription as a Reference for Traditional Medicine
Authors: Alkari Alkari , Afandi Zainal , Setya Wiratama Nara
Published: September 2024

The background to this research is based on the results of researchers' observations which show that people now tend to choose traditional medicine in the treatment process. This phenomenon is reflected in the increasing number of consumers who buy traditional medicines, both those that are registered and those that have obtained a business license. The aim of this research is to find out what spices are contained in the Warunggahan inscription, the reasons why spices are written in the Warunggahan inscription, and the characteristics of the plants/spices in the Waunggahan inscription. In this research, researchers used a qualitative descriptive approach method. Qualitative research is research in which the discussion brings up data obtained in the field. The research was carried out in several research stages, the first was the pre-research stage in the first week of December, research implementation in January-April, data analysis in May and June, and reporting of research results in July. At the research stage, researchers conducted direct interviews, including with Novi B.M.W, Wahyu Alam and A.B Aji Setiaji. The conclusions of this research are (1) The spices contained in the Warunggahan inscription include bsar, kasumba, wunkudu, jodhi, keteke, wuyah, kamal, lena, lurunan, kletik and gula. (2) The reason for writing spices in the Warunggahan inscription is to limit the sale of goods by carrying them. (3) The plants or spices contained in the Warunggahan Inscription have the following characteristics. The leaves are serrated, thorny and non-serrated, the stems are sturdy and break easily, have fruit and a distinctive taste, can grow up to 30m, the leaves are shiny green to dark green, the fruit is hard and soft when ripe.
Contribution of Canva For Education In Enhancing Students' Creativity and Presentation Skills
Authors: Effendi Muhammad Idris , Mutmainnah Siti , Nurjanah Nunung , Annaqita Syifaunnida , Ningtyas Sekar Wahyu
Published: September 2024

This article discusses the role of Canva For Education in enhancing the creativity and presentation skills of students at Universitas Negeri Malang. Faced with the challenges of the global job market, the university recognizes the potential of Canva For Education as an innovative solution with features such as visual design, team collaboration, and multimedia integration. Despite implementation challenges such as integrating technology into the curriculum and data security issues, Canva For Education can provide a positive contribution to the development of students' skills. Literature reviews indicate that this platform can boost creativity through appealing visual designs, team collaboration, and the utilization of learning resources. Furthermore, Canva For Education can advance presentation skills through attractive slide designs, effective use of visualization, and consistent content design. The article concludes by affirming that Canva For Education is a valuable tool in preparing students for the demands of the increasingly visually-oriented global job market
Navigating the Digital Shift: The State of Junior High Schools' Technological Readiness in Indonesia
Authors: Kistanti Aisyah , Sunardi  , Drajati Nur Arifah
Published: September 2024

The digital shift in education requires readiness among school members to manage the challenges of organizational change. This study investigates the technological readiness of junior high schools in Indonesia from teachers' perspective, using Weiner's (2009) theory of organizational readiness for change, and examines students' readiness for digital learning. Participants included teachers and students from four junior high schools in Boyolali, Central Java, selected through convenience sampling with a 95% confidence level (0.05). Descriptive statistical analysis indicated a positive readiness for digital transformation (mean = 3.74). The study found that only the Valence of Change factor had a statistically significant correlation with schools' readiness for digital shift. Furthermore, respondents showed a positive attitude toward digital learning, with no significant gender differences in students' perceptions and use of digital tools. These findings offer valuable insights for educators, researchers, and school administrators in driving digital transformation in education. The study recommends integrating digital learning into the curriculum to boost student engagement and interest.
Macroeconomic stability and economic growth: Evidence from Bangladesh
Authors: Sadia Tasneem
Published: September 2024

This paper investigates the link and causal relationship between macroeconomic stability and economic growth in Bangladesh for the period 1971 through 2023. Cointegration, vector error correction technique, and the Granger causality test are applied for this purpose. The paper finds sufficient evidence that macroeconomic stability and economic growth are positively related with each other in the long run. Like the long-run relationship, government consumption and investment proxy are significant in the short-run among all the factors of stability while only government consumption and inflation show some causal relationship with growth. Thus, the results are suggestive of the fact that it is better to comment about factors of stability separately rather than macroeconomic stability as a whole. The results also emphasize evaluation of both the long-run and the short-run effects of macroeconomic stability separately for effective policymaking.
Evaluation for The Production Process of The Cover Plate Components Using Time Study Technique: A Case Study
Authors:   Intec Precision Engineering Sdn. Bhd, Jamaludin Mohd Hazrein , Ahmad Aida Husna ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Osman Saliza Azlina ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Osman Shahrul Azmir ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
Published: September 2024

Time study plays a crucial role in optimizing production efficiency and resource utilization in manufacturing processes. Time study helps to counter problems that occurred in the production industry such as uneven task distribution, bottlenecks, idle time, complexity, and time constraints. In this case study, a manufacturing company has been selected as a case study for time study which focused on packing department that produced cover plate component in order to identify the task time, normal time and standard time. There are 12 work elements that were identified in this case study and these work elements were grouped into 5 different workstations based on cycle time. As a result, among of 12 work elements, the first 7 work elements indicates that the processes did not show any delay, where the processes can be done in range of 12% to 31% faster than the expected standard time. Meanwhile the other 5 work elements indicates a delay in task completion, which is up to 43.63 seconds. In case of workstation analysis, workstation 1, 2 and 3 showcasing effective performance in terms of task completion, with 14.6% to 31.1% faster than the standard time. However, for workstation 4 and 5 were recorded a procrastinate process time about 8% and 11%, which can translated as 30.3 secondsand 77.7 seconds, respectively.As a conclusion, the analysis of manufacturing task efficiency identified elements H, I, J, K, and L as needing improvement. Conversely, elements A, B, C, D, E, F, and G are performing well. Workstations 4 and 5 are bottlenecks that hinder overall production efficiency. Addressing these bottlenecks is crucial for achieving optimal output
A Vibration and Crack Assessment on Precast Pre-stressed Hollow-Core Floor
Authors:   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Abd Ghafar NH , Goh Lyn Dee ,   Universiti Teknologi MARA, Lim Zack ,   Zacklim Flat Floor Specialist Sdn. Bhd, Mohamad Noridah ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Jamalaldin Seyed ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
Published: September 2024

Hollow core concrete floors are usually used in high-rise buildings, shopping malls and parking garages due to their sustainability advantage in the construction industry. However, in certain conditions, hollow core concrete floors can be sensitive towards vibration due to long span. The floor vibration issue is crucial and must be managed properly during the building design phase, as addressing this issue becomes significantly more challenging after the structure has been constructed completely. Thus, this study aims to determine the vibration and crack behaviour of precast hollow core concrete floors. 3D finite element models of the floor were developed using SAP2000 software to obtain the vibration parameters of the hollow core concrete floor subjected to vehicle-induced vibration. The specifications of the floor materials are based on the hollow core concrete floor manufacturer, Eastern Pretech, and the acceleration time history from testing was applied to the analysis. Modal analysis and time history analysis were analysed to investigate the vibration behaviour of the hollow core concrete floor. Modal analysis revealed a fundamental frequency of 23.52 Hz for the floor with actual dimensions. The fundamental frequency of the floor was compared to the standard guideline for human vibration sensitivity, which is 10 Hz. Time history analysis was employed to assess floor deformation based on the vibration waves generated by vehicle movement on the floor.The crack assessment analysis on concrete topping of precast hollow core slab in the warehouse flooring system was carried out. The cracks that appeared on the concrete topping were investigated using vibration testing and finite element analysis. Acceleration data from the damaged area was captured and transformed into the frequency domain using ME’Scope to analyse the natural frequency behaviour. The preliminary finite element analysis was performed by SAP 2000 software. Normal attenuation was observed on the surface with a crack at 50 mm, as the pattern of the time series data at this location was similar to other sensor positions. Analysis of the frequency domain of the wave confirmed this observation, revealing a dominant frequency of 23.741 Hz and no abnormal event occurred during testingon the surface crack.
Experimental Studies on Fiber Reinforced Soil Stabilized with Lime and Fly Ash
Authors:   North EasternRegional Institute of Science and Technology, India, Sarkar Raja , Devi Dipika ,   North EasternRegional Institute of Science and Technology, India, Tamang Santosh Kumar ,   North EasternRegional Institute of Science and Technology, India
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the enhancement in strength of fiber-reinforced soil stabilized with lime and fly ash, focusing on key parameters essential for highway design and construction i.e., California Bearing Ratio (CBR) and compaction characteristics. Laboratory tests were conducted to determine the CBR values, Maximum Dry Density (MDD), and Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) of soil stabilized with varying percentages of fly ash (FA) and lime, and reinforced with different types and percentages offibers, specifically coir fibers (CF) and polypropylene fibers (PF). The addition of stabilizing agents (fly ash and lime) to the fiber-reinforced soil was found to increase the OMC and decrease the MDD. Notably, a significant increase in the CBR value was observed up to an optimum content of these admixtures. However, adding fibers beyond a certain percentage resulted in the sample breaking. This study is novel in its comprehensive evaluation of both natural (coir) and synthetic (polypropylene) fibers in combination with traditional stabilizers (fly ash and lime), offering insights into the optimal mix for enhancing soil strength. The findings contribute to more efficient and durable highway construction practices by identifying the balance between fiber reinforcementand chemical stabilization.
The Evolution and Performance of Cold-Formed Steel Built-Up Battened Columns
Authors:   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Jainudin N F , Jamaluddin N ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Mohd Jaini Zainorizuan ,   Kyoto University, S.J.S Hakim ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Mohamad Noridah ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
Published: September 2024

The cold-formed steel (CFS) built-up battened column represents a transformative and innovative solution in the construction industry due to its versatility, cost-effectiveness, and superior strength-to-weight ratio. In design consideration, chord spacing and batten plates influence the structural performance and stability of the column. The emphasis lies in the design flexibility of built-up battened columns, in which the composite action of several chord members connected by batten plates can enhance axial compressive strength. The batten plate plays a crucial role in preventing buckling and increasing the stability of the column while distributing the load evenly. The batten plates need to be properly designed to ensure stability and reduce buckling failure in the built-up battened column. However, implementing CFS built-up battened columns presents several challenges, including design complexity, connection design, and limited standards and guidelines.
Experimental Investigation of a Novel CFRP-Steel Composite Tube-Confined Seawater-Sea Sand Concrete Intermediate Long Column
Authors:   Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Fu Hao , Guo Kangle ,   Jiangxi University of Engineering, Wu Zhaojun ,   Jiangxi University of Engineering, Mai Rihao ,   Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Chin Chee-Loong ,   Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Ma Chau-Khun ,   Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
Published: September 2024

In order to fully utilize sea sand in offshore engineering, a novel carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP)-steel composite tube-confined seawater-sea sand concrete (FCTSSC) column structure has been developed. This study conducts experimental investigations on FCTSSC intermediate long columns for the first time. It investigates the failure modes and the impact of the external CFRP layers number on the axial compression performance. The results reveal that the FCTSSC intermediate long column specimens exhibit the failure modes of global buckling and localized steel tube bulging. After CFRP restriction, the ultimate load bearing capacity of the specimens increased from 12.51% to 20.87%. The ultimate load bearing capacity, its enhancement percentage, and peak lateral deformation are all positively correlated with the external CFRP layers number. Finally, a summary and assessment were conducted on the applicability and accuracy of the existing load bearing capacity models, providing a reference for subsequent research.
Investigation the Impact of the Climate Change on Intensity Duration Frequency (IDF) Curve Development: Case Study at Hulu Terengganu, Malaysia
Authors:   Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Wan Mazlan Wan Amirul Syahmi , Aqilah Tukimat Nurul Nadrah ,   Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Rahmat Siti Nazahiyah ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Kasmin Hartini ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Sah Samera Samsuddin ,   Universiti Malaysia Perlis
Published: September 2024

The intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves are the most common form of design rainfall data used for peak discharge estimation. Thus, the IDF curve needs to be improved with the expectation that rainfall intensity and frequency have increased as a result of climate change. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of IDF curves considering the climate change impacts on Hulu Terengganu. The climate projection from MRI-ESM2-0, CMCC-CM2-SR5, and GFDL-ESM4 under 3 different scenarios (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5) were used to provide the climate changes pattern in the future year (∆2050). In order to downscale the climate projection, the statistical downscaling method (SD-LS) was employed to correct the biases of these three GCMs. The IDF curves for the return periods of 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, and 200 year were then developed based on the maximum rainfall intensity that were projected by the SD-LS model. The results clearly indicated that there are possibilities for increasing patterns in the projected annual and monthly rainfall for both time periods compared to historical data. Thus, the future extreme rainfall events for various durations with different return periods are all likely to increase over time. The largest potential increase is predicted at Sg. Gawi (+2.0% to +86.0%) based on the different return periods and rainfall durations. It could change the pattern of IDF curve that been developed based on projected rainfall by various SSPs. The developed IDF curves shows higher rainfall intensities in a shorter duration under the same return periods. Therefore, comprehensive action must be taken immediately to regulate and manage the effects of climate change.
Site Selection for Girls Hostel in a University Campus by MCDM based Strategy
Authors:   Department of Basic Science and Humanities, Greater Kolkata College of Engineering \& Management, West Bengal, India, Biswas Aditi , Gazi Kamal Hossain ,   Department of Applied Mathematics, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal, 741249, India, Bhaduri Prodip ,   Department of Applied Mathematics, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal, 741249, India, Mondal Sankar Prasad ,   Department of Basic Science and Humanities, Greater Kolkata College of Engineering \& Management, West Bengal, India
Published: September 2024

The area of interest based on girls’ hostel site selection is an important topic nowadays. The research directly impacts the well-being, safety, and academic success of female students who are taking the facilities for accommodation while pursuing their academic courses. An efficient hostel location not only supports the physical safety of students but also takes care of their psychological and emotional well-being by providing a suitable and helpful living atmosphere. Different valuable criteria and sub-criteria are considered for evaluating the most suitable site for a girls' hostel. The security and protection, proximity to academic buildings, accessibility, health and safety, and environmental factors as criteria with their associated sub-criteria are considered for this study. Two decision makers are given data sets in linguistic terms and further converted into crisp numbers. The weights of the criteria and sub-criteria are determined by a well-known multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) technique called the Entropy weighted method. Further, the most prioritized location for the girls' hostel on the university campus was evacuated using the weighted aggregated sum product assessment (WASPAS) based ranking MCDM method. Additionally, the sensitivity analysis was conducted to check the stability and flexibility of the results.
Challenges and opportunities of ML and explainable AI in hydrology
Authors: Slater Louise , Blougouras Georgios , Deng Liangkun , Deng Qimin , Ford Emma , Hoek van Dijke Anne , Huang Feini , Jiang Shijie , Liu Yinxue , Moulds Simon , Schepen Andrew , Yin Jiabo , Zhang Boen
Published: September 2024

Machine learning (ML) is a powerful tool for hydrological modelling, forecasting, generation of new datasets, and process discovery. It is widely recognised for its ability to produce skillful predictions and generate insights about physical mechanisms through explainable AI (XAI). This manuscript outlines current progress in the use of ML in hydrology, new tools in XAI, and challenges in these areas. Continued areas of research for ML in hydrology include model interpretability, prediction in data-sparse regions, overcoming hydrology's `cascade of uncertainty', multivariate prediction, and causality.
Evidence supporting a broader than previously thought influence of solar activity over Earth system’s processes. Discussion of a possible mechanism.
Authors: Sacristán Héctor
Published: September 2024

In this article, I show lines of evidence supporting a modulation of volcanic activity and some weather phenomena by solar wind conditions in the near-Earth environment. On a daily timescale, a correlation is found between the LP earthquake activity of Kilauea volcano, related to magma transport, and the Bx component of the interplanetary magnetic field as measured in the OMNI database for specific intervals in 1995 and 2003. On yearly timescales, during the 2000-2018 period, I show a correlation between the inflation rates of four intraplate volcanoes (Kilauea, Mauna Loa, Sierra Negra, and Yellowstone) and solar wind conditions where the volcanoes' activity seemed positively correlated with solar wind dynamic pressure. Additional volcanoes also showed similar behavior to the four mentioned, in that they experienced a surge in activity in 2004-2007. I compile a list of ≥400 g hail events in Spain since 1850, from newspapers, which are given in the appendix, and is used to study the variation in the frequency of large hail events, finding a similar pattern to that seen in volcanic activity. The hail events are seen to concentrate towards the middle of the 11-year solar cycles when the interplanetary magnetic field tends to be at its strongest. Additional yearly/decadal correlations between different types of volcanic activity, Spanish hail events, and North Atlantic accumulated cyclone energy, reveal complex patterns that appear to be independent of solar activity, but show a relation between volcanism and weather processes. A possible 50-year oscillation across all three is identified. In the last section, I discuss possible mechanisms governing the observed patterns and I propose that the deformation of Earth’s magnetosphere by solar wind, combined with the planet’s rotation, exposes locations in the planet to a changing magnetic field which causes electromagnetic induction in ionic conductors like seawater and magma, with ensuing currents dispersing heat or having other effects, thereby influencing related processes in the atmosphere and geosphere. The possible influence of induced electric currents in magma chemistry is also discussed, after having briefly reviewed different magma compositions. I also propose 50-year oscillations to be internally driven, given there may be factors on Earth that influence the process of electromagnetic induction, but I do not try to describe any specific mechanism.
Error processing and religious conviction: A multi-lab replication
Authors: Lord Emily , Foti Dan , Senderecka Magdalena , Gable Philip A , Inzlicht Michael , Mushtaq Faisal , Pavlov Yuri G. , MacNamara Annmarie
Published: September 2024

One function of religion might be to reduce cognitive conflict and anxiety. In a highlycited paper, Inzlicht and colleagues’ Study 1 (2009) assessed the association between selfreported religious zeal and conflict monitoring. Conflict monitoring was measured using the error-related negativity (ERN), an event-related potential that is sensitive to the conflict between an erroneous behavioral response and cognitive representation/knowledge of the correct response. Results showed that individuals with higher levels of self-reported religious zeal had smaller ERNs on a color-word Stroop task, suggesting less cognitive conflict when faced with opposing response tendencies leading to errors. In addition, individuals higher in religious zeal were slower and more accurate on incongruent trials, suggesting deliberate responding in which they sacrificed speed for accuracy. Work that has examined closely related concepts (e.g., religious fundamentalism) has failed to corroborate Inzlicht and colleagues’ (2009) findings, though other work has provided broad support for the original results. No direct replication of Inzlicht and colleagues (2009) has been attempted. As part of the #EEGManyLabs initiative (Pavlov et al., 2021), we will perform an international, multi-site replication of Study 1 from Inzlicht and colleagues (2009).
Concrete language enhances sharing of social media posts on Twitter, Reddit, and experimentally
Authors: Hu Danyang , Pilgrim Charlie , Hills Thomas
Published: September 2024

Concrete language, which has the property of readily evoking a mental image or sensory experience, has been extensively studied in language and is understood to facilitate processing speed, memory and understanding. Previous research points to a preference for concrete language. Is this preference visible in social media? Through a comprehensive approach that combines big-data analysis and experimental methods, we investigate the preference for concrete language in posts from two social media platforms—Twitter and Reddit—and with decisions made by participants in a two-alternative forced-choice experiment. In the first study, we analyzed data from 15 million Twitter posts. The overall results show that posts containing words that are more concrete are more likely to be retweeted. In the second study, we scraped over 50 thousand posts from Reddit across different subreddits and found that more concrete Reddit posts tend to have more upvotes (i.e., approval). Both studies also showed consistent effects for words that are acquired later in life, and are more arousing. The magnitude of these effects varied across topics. Finally, to demonstrate the causal influence of concreteness, we asked participants in an experimental study to indicate which of two social media posts they would be more likely to share, both artificially constructed from a real post to have either higher or lower concreteness than the original. Participants preferred more-concrete statements and the difference of concreteness between statements positively predicted choices. Our investigation sheds light on the cognitive mechanisms underlying online information sharing across a variety of topics and is consistent with an information competition theory, in which more easily processed information is preferred.
Age Differences in Reward Discounting in an Effortful 3D Game
Authors: van Berlo Evy , Hausfeld Jan , Engelmann Jan Benjamin , Speijer Eva , Ballauff Tobias , Cespedes Violeta , Westermann Annemarie , Christis Sem , van der Vlist Matthias , Wiegmans Vincent , Allritz Matthias , Call Josep , Dolins Francine , McEwen Emma , Schweller Kenneth G. , Menzel Charles , Molleman Lucas , Janmaat Karline
Published: September 2024

In this study, we investigated how spatial, temporal, and effort dimensions collectively influence reward discounting across different age groups. Using a 3D simulated environment, participants aged 7 to 77 chose between a nearby tree with fewer apples and a distant tree with more apples, requiring more time and effort to reach. Our findings revealed that participants initially preferred the distant tree with more apples, but as the difference in rewards decreased, they became increasingly more likely to choose the closer, less effortful option. This shift suggests a gradual re-evaluation of effort versus reward as the perceived value difference diminishes. Contrary to our hypothesis, younger participants were less likely to discount effortful rewards compared to middle-aged and older adults. These results underscore the complexity of decision-making across different dimensions and age groups, highlighting the need for more ecologically valid research in understanding how humans make trade-offs in naturalistic scenarios.
A beautiful loop: An active inference theory of consciousness
Authors: Laukkonen Ruben Eero , Chandaria Shamil
Published: September 2024

Can active inference model consciousness? We offer three conditions implying that it can. The first condition is the simulation of a world or reality model, which determines what can be known or acted upon. The second is inferential competition to enter the world model. Only the inferences that coherently reduce long-term uncertainty win, determining the threshold for consciousness and what we call Bayesian binding. The third is epistemic depth, which is the reflexive sharing of the world model throughout the system. Due to this recursive loop in a hierarchical system (such as a brain), the world model contains the knowledge that it exists. This is different from self- consciousness, because the entire world model non-locally knows itself and continuously evidences this knowing (i.e., field-evidencing). This Epistemic Depth Theory is deeply revealing about meditation and psychedelic states, minimal phenomenal experience, and provides a new vision for conscious artificial intelligence.
How Age of acquisition affects compound word recognition
Authors: Elsherif Mahmoud Medhat , Catling Jon
Published: September 2024

Purpose: Adults recognise words that are acquired during childhood more quickly than words acquired during adulthood. This is known as the Age of Acquisition (AoA) effect. The AoA effect, according to the integrated account, manifests in tasks necessitating greater semantic processing and in tasks with arbitrary input-output mapping. Compound words allow us to investigate this account due to the arbitrary input-output mapping between the compound word itself and its morphemes, which requires greater semantic processing. Method: Forty-eight British English students in each experiment completed an unspaced (Experiment 1; n=48; 83% female; Mage=19.73), spaced (Experiment 2; n=48; 83% female; Mage=19.04), auditory (Experiment 3; n=48; 63% female; Mage=19.83), and cross-modal (Experiment 4; n=48; 52% female; Mage=19.81) lexical decision task (LDT) using a regression design on 226 compound words.Results: We observed that the AoA of the compound word affected accuracy across all tasks, whereas the AoA of the compound word influenced recognition latencies across all tasks except cross-modal LDT. Discussion: The results suggest that the influence of the AoA effect and of semantic predictors is largest in unspaced compound words and smallest in cross-modal LDT. This indicates that the AoA effect in word recognition is in line with the integrated account.
Digital Multitasking Among Youth: Effects on Cognitive Function and Academic Performance
Authors: Costanzo Tiziano
Published: September 2024

This paper explores the pervasive phenomenon of digital multitasking among youth and itspotential cognitive repercussions. With the increasing ubiquity of digital devices, youngindividuals are frequently engaging in simultaneous interactions with multiple media, whichhas significant implications for their attention, memory, and executive control. Bysynthesizing findings from various empirical studies, this review highlights the cognitivechallenges posed by digital multitasking and discusses the effects on academicperformance. The paper also examines moderating factors such as individual differencesand metacognitive strategies that could influence these outcomes. Finally, implications foreducational strategies and future research directions are proposed to better understand andmitigate the negative impacts of digital multitasking.
Pornography, Violence and Sexual Technology: Psychological, Neurological and Cultural Impacts in Contemporary Society
Authors: Costanzo Tiziano
Published: September 2024

The paper explores the influence of pornography, violence, and sexual technologies oncontemporary society, with particular attention to psychological, neurological, and culturalimpacts. Through the analysis of scientific studies and empirical research, we explore howexposure to violent and sexually explicit content impacts cognitive and emotionaldevelopment, potentially fostering aggressive behavior, emotional desensitization, anddistorted perceptions of sexual relationships. The role of media and emerging technologies,such as virtual reality and dating applications, in accentuating emotional disconnection andfragmentation of interpersonal relationships is discussed. A critical reflection on the longtermeffects of these phenomena is proposed, suggesting regulations and educationalinterventions to mitigate risks and promote authentic human relationships.
Life History Strategy and Openness to “Sugar Relationships”
Authors: Meskó Norbert , Ehlers Jessica S. , Zsido Andras N.
Published: September 2024

Life History Theory (LHT) suggests that individuals vary in their sexual, reproductive, parental, familial, and social behavior in response to the physical and social challenges encountered during development. So-called ‘sugar relationships’ generally involve exchanges of resources for sex and/or companionship between a younger partner and older provider. This research aimed to explore the relationship between openness to sugar relationships and life history strategy. A total of 312 participants (192 women, 120 men) completed an extensive online questionnaire, including scales such as the Acceptance of Sugar Relationships for Young Women and Men Scale (ASR-YWMS), High-K Strategy Scale (HKSS), Multidimensional Measure of Sociosexual Orientation (MMSO), Family Resources Scale (FRS), Childhood Unpredictability Scale (CUS), and Perceived Vulnerability to Disease Scale (PVDS). The results shed light on the associations between openness to sugar relationships and life history strategies, suggesting that socio-economic factors and family experiences can significantly influence attitudes toward such relationships. The research highlights the complex interactions between short- and long-term mating orientations, life history strategies, and sugar relationships, indicating that women with faster life history strategies and a preference for short-term mating are more receptive to encounters involving exchanges for sexual resources than their counterparts following slower life history strategies. Interestingly, similar patterns were not observed among men. These results suggest that a strong acceptance of sugar relationships aligns with a mating strategy focused on maximizing resource opportunities. This utilitarian approach, characterized by risk-taking and exploitation typifies a fast life history strategy, which plays a pivotal role in psychological and sexual dynamics within intimate relationships.
Data mining and NLP for Processing Social Offers of a National Aid Organization
Authors: Senst Benjamin
Published: September 2024

For large organisations with numerous organisational units, it can be challenging to keep track of individual events. In a joint project by Data Science for Social Good Berlin e.V. and the Data Science Hub of the German Red Cross, social services were processed over several phases between summer 2022 and summer 2024 using new technologies such as web scraping, data engineering, and natural language processing, and their implementation in various user applications was tested. More than 600,000 web documents were collected and more than 30,000 offers were identified. The results of this automated method were compared with the existing data set. Web scraping and subsequent processing are suitable for at least supplementing the previous approach. Web scraping, NLP, and data engineering offer large organisations the opportunity to effectively gain an overview of local events.
Citizen Participation in Government Decision-Making
Authors: Yadav Banty
Published: September 2024

Citizen participation in government decision-making is a cornerstone of democratic societies, enabling individuals to influence public policies and outcomes that affect their lives. This article explores the importance, methods, challenges, and impacts of citizen participation in governance, highlighting its role in enhancing democracy and fostering inclusive development. Citizen participation in government decision-making is more than a democratic ideal; it is a fundamental necessity for the health and vitality of democratic societies. Throughout this exploration, it has become evident that the involvement of citizens in governance enhances the legitimacy, accountability, and effectiveness of public policies. By integrating diverse perspectives and local knowledge into the decision-making process, governments can create more responsive and inclusive policies that better address the needs of all citizens. One of the most significant advantages of citizen participation is the enhancement of democratic governance. Involving citizens directly in the decision-making process ensures that governance is not just a top-down approach but a collaborative effort that values the input and experiences of the populace. This inclusivity strengthens the democratic fabric of societies, fostering a sense of ownership and responsibility among citizens. When people feel that their voices are heard and considered, trust in governmental institutions grows, enhancing the overall legitimacy of the political system. Improving policy outcomes is another critical benefit of citizen participation. Policies developed with direct input from those affected are more likely to be effective and sustainable. Citizens provide valuable insights that can uncover potential issues and highlight practical solutions that may not be evident to policymakers. This collaboration leads to well-rounded and comprehensive policies that can address complex societal challenges more effectively.