bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cu‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Kinetic Boron Conjugate Addition of γ‐Substituted α,β‐Unsaturated γ‐Lactams
Authors: Tang Liang , Luo Yicong , Sheng Cheng , Xie Fang , Zhang Wanbin
Published: April 2023

Chiral α,β‐unsaturated γ‐lactams bearing simple γ‐ substituents are found in biologically active molecules and natural products, however, their synthesis still remains difficult. Herein, we report an efficient kinetic resolution (KR) of γ‐substituted α,β‐unsaturated γ‐lactams via a Cu‐catalyzed asymmetric boron conjugate addition, which also leads to the efficient synthesis of chiral β‐hydroxy‐γ‐lactams with β,γ‐stereogenic carbon centers. The KR proceeded smoothly with a wide range of γ‐alkyl or aryl substituted substrates including those bearing aromatic heterocycles and different N‐protected substrates in up to 347 of s value. Their highly versatile transformations, synthetic utility in biologically active molecules, and inhibitory activities against cisplatin‐sensitive ovarian cancer cell A2780 have also been demonstrated. Differing from the well‐known mechanism involving Cu−B species in Cu‐catalyzed boron conjugate additions, our mechanistic studies using density functional theory (DFT) calculations and experiments indicate that a Lewis acid CuI‐catalyzed mechanism is the likely pathway in the catalytic reaction.
Event‐triggered‐based integral reinforcement learning output feedback optimal control for partially unknown constrained‐input nonlinear systems
Authors: Zou Haoming , Zhang Guoshan
Published: April 2023

In this paper, an adaptive output feedback event‐triggered optimal control algorithm is proposed for partially unknown constrained‐input continuous‐time nonlinear systems. First, a neural network observer is constructed to estimate unmeasurable state. Next, an event‐triggered condition is established, and only when the event‐triggered condition is violated will the event be triggered and the state be sampled. Then, an event‐triggered‐based synchronous integral reinforcement learning (ET‐SIRL) control algorithm with critic‐actor neural networks (NNs) architecture is proposed to solve the event‐triggered Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation under the established event‐triggered condition. The critic and actor NNs are used to approximate cost function and optimal event‐triggered optimal control law, respectively. Meanwhile, the event‐triggered‐based closed‐loop system state and all the neural network weight estimation errors are uniformly ultimately bounded proved by Lyapunov stability theory, and there is no Zeno behavior. Finally, two numerical examples are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed ET‐SIRL control algorithm.
Acclimation, manganese removal, and backwash impact on full‐scale drinking water biofilter microbiome
Authors: Morales Medina William R. , To Priscilla , Taylor Malcolm , Nguyen Caroline , Fahrenfeld Nicole L.
Published: April 2023

Biofiltration for drinking water treatment has several water quality benefits but questions remain about biofilter start‐up in temperate climates where temperature and water quality changes can impact performance. A year‐long full‐scale demonstration was performed with biofilters operated in parallel to chlorinated filters to (O1) monitor the development of the biofilter microbiota across the acclimation period with respect to removal of Mn and total organic carbon, and (O2) determine the impact of depth and backwash events on the microbial community composition and function. Biofilter media biomass increased for the first 6 months of operation and after about 9 months the biofilters achieved comparable Mn removal to the chlorinated filters. Prokaryotic diversity decreased when the water temperature dropped. Backwash resulted in an increase in microbial diversity deeper in the biofilter. By the next sampling (30 h post backwash), 16S rRNA gene copies were again more abundant in the upper layers. Metagenomic sequencing confirmed the presence of moxA and mofA, Mn oxidizing genes. The results presented can help inform expected performance of full‐scale biofilters in temperate climates.
Association of collagen deep learning classifier with prognosis and chemotherapy benefits in stage II‐III colon cancer
Authors: Jiang Wei , Wang Huaiming , Chen Weisheng , Zhao Yandong , Yan Botao , Chen Dexin , Dong Xiaoyu , Cheng Jiaxin , Lin Zexi , Zhuo Shuangmu , Wang Hui , Yan Jun
Published: April 2023

The current tumor‐node‐metastasis staging system does not provide sufficient prognostic prediction or adjuvant chemotherapy benefit information for stage II‐III colon cancer (CC) patients. Collagen in the tumor microenvironment affects the biological behaviors and chemotherapy response of cancer cells. Hence, in this study, we proposed a collagen deep learning (collagenDL) classifier based on the 50‐layer residual network model for predicting disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). The collagenDL classifier was significantly associated with DFS and OS (P < 0.001). The collagenDL nomogram, integrating the collagenDL classifier and three clinicopathologic predictors, improved the prediction performance, which showed satisfactory discrimination and calibration. These results were independently validated in the internal and external validation cohorts. In addition, high‐risk stage II and III CC patients with high‐collagenDL classifier, rather than low‐collagenDL classifier, exhibited a favorable response to adjuvant chemotherapy. In conclusion, the collagenDL classifier could predict prognosis and adjuvant chemotherapy benefits in stage II‐III CC patients.
The thoracic duct: The final frontier for intervention?
Authors: Seto Arnold H. , Umeh Jerry
Published: April 2023

Key Points

Thoracic duct obstruction can cause chylothorax, protein‐losing enteropathy, and chylous ascites but there have been few reports of interventional approaches to diagnosis and treatment.

This case series demonstrates that direct lymphangiography and measurement of the lympho‐venous pressure gradient can guide successful interventions of the thoracic duct.

Refinement of these techniques will improve the diagnosis of lymphatic disorders and potentially reduce the need for surgical intervention.
Partnering with charity‐care services to manage cirrhosis with ascites in an adult experiencing homelessness: A case report
Authors: Zhao Danzhu , Wilson Hannah , Early Kathaleen Briggs
Published: April 2023

Charity care services can be an important tool for reducing healthcare disparities among populations with housing instability.
Ceria‐Modified Copper Phyllosilicate Catalyst for One‐Pot Hydroamination of 5‐HMF with Nitro‐Compounds
Authors: Redina Elena , Arkhipova Natalia , Kapustin Gennady , Kirichenko Olga , Mishin Igor , Kustov Leonid
Published: April 2023

Ceria‐modified mineral‐like copper catalyst 12 %Cu/SiO2−CeO2 showed a high activity and selectivity in one‐pot hydroamination of bio‐available 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural with nitro‐aromatic compounds. The catalyst was obtained by conventional deposition‐precipitation method with urea from commercial silica, copper nitrate, and ammonium cerium (IV) nitrate. The synthesized catalyst with a copper phyllosilicate structure formed inside the pores of silica was studied by XRD, N2 adsorption, XPS, SEM and TEM methods. The possible scheme of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural hydroamination with nitro‐aromatic compounds and an evolution of the catalyst structure during the reaction were proposed. The catalyst can be successfully recycled after calcination procedure. A number of N‐furfurylamines were obtained for the first time over 12 %Cu/SiO2−CeO2 catalyst with the phyllosilicate structure directly from 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural and nitro‐aromatic compounds with the yields up to 85 %.
Heterogeneous Photocatalytic Hydrogenative Reactions Using Liquid Hydrogen Donors: Mechanisms, Catalysts Design, and Applications
Authors: Zhang Dongsheng , Su Ren
Published: April 2023

Heterogeneous photocatalysis is a promising approach for a wide range of hydrogenative reactions owing to the mild reaction conditions and the possibility of employing liquid hydrogen donors. Currently, the major interest is focused on the development of high performance photocatalyst materials and the expansion of reaction scope. An overview from a perspective of hydrogen donor and thus the related mechanistic understanding of the light‐induced hydrogenative reactions is rare. Here, we have categorized the photocatalytic hydrogenative reactions by the type of employed liquid hydrogen donors (hydrocarbons and water), discussed the basic criteria of hydrogen abstraction from these donors, and elaborated the design strategy of the photocatalyst materials.
Object pose estimation based on stereo vision with improvedK‐DtreeICPalgorithm
Authors: Huang Li , Wang Cheng , Yun Juntong , Tao Bo , Qi Jinxian , Liu Ying , Ma Hongjie , Yu Hui
Published: April 2023

With the wide application of stereovision in SLAM, object pose estimation has gradually become one of the research hotspots. This article proposes an object pose estimation for robotic grasping based on stereo vision with improved K‐D tree ICP algorithm. The feature points and feature descriptors of the point cloud of the object to be captured are extracted, and the feature template set is established. The SAC‐IA algorithm is used to carry out initial registration of the point cloud of the target, and the ICP algorithm based on K‐D tree is used for fine registration. The experimental results show that the average coincidence degree of the final registration of the proposed object pose estimation method reaches 94.1%, and the accurate 6D pose of the object to be grasped is obtained.
Effect of Chronic Hepatitis C on the Activity of the Membrane Transporters P‐gp and OATP1B1/BCRP on Patients With Different Stages of Hepatic Fibrosis
Authors: Pippa Leandro Francisco , Vieira Carolina Pinto , Caris Juciene Aparecida , Rocha Adriana , Marques Maria Paula , Garcia Camile Prates , Rezende Rosamar Eulira Fontes , Lanchote Vera Lucia
Published: April 2023

The activity of the membrane transporters organic anion‐transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1) & breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) (rosuvastatin) and P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) (fexofenadine) was evaluated in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (n = 28), genotypes 1 and 3, investigated before the treatment with direct‐acting antiviral agents (Phase 1) and up to 30 days after the assessment of the virologic response (Phase 2). Participants allocated in Groups 1 (n = 15; F0/F1 and F2, mild to moderate liver fibrosis) and 2 (n = 13; F3 and F4, advanced course of liver fibrosis/cirrhosis) received in both phases fexofenadine (10 mg) and rosuvastatin (2 mg). OATP1B1 & BCRP activity (rosuvastatin area under the plasma concentration‐time curve of rosuvastatin from time zero to infinity (AUC0–∞)) was reduced in Groups 1 and 2, respectively, by 25% (ratio 0.75 (0.53–0.82), P < 0.01) and 31% (ratio 0.69 (0.46–0.85), P < 0.05) in Phase 1 compared with Phase 2. OATP1B1 & BCRP activity was reduced in Phases 1 and 2, respectively, by 49% (median ratio 1.51 (1.17–2.20), P < 0.05) and 61% (ratio 1.39 (1.16–2.02), P < 0.01) in Group 2 compared with Group 1. P‐gp activity (fexofenadine AUC0–∞) was also reduced in Phase 1 compared with Phase 2 (ratio Phase2/Phase1 0.79 (0.66–0.96) in Group 1 and 0.81 (0.69–0.96) in Group 2) as well as in Group 2 compared with Group 1 in both Phases (ratio Group2/Group1 1.47 (1.08–2.01) in Phase 1 and 1.51 (1.10–2.07) in Phase 2). Thus, clinicians administering OATP1B1 & BCRP and P‐gp substrates with low therapeutic indexes should consider the evolution of the treatment and the stage of HCV infection.
Binding to the DNA Minor Groove by Heterocyclic Dications: from AT Specific to GC Recognition Compounds
Authors: Paul Ananya , Nanjunda Rupesh , Wilson W. David
Published: April 2023

Compounds that bind in the DNA minor groove have provided critical information on DNA molecular recognition, have found extensive uses in biotechnology, and are providing clinically useful drugs against diseases as diverse as cancer and sleeping sickness. This review focuses on the development of clinically useful heterocyclic diamidine minor groove binders. These compounds show that the classical model for minor groove binding in AT DNA sequences must be expanded in several ways: compounds with nonstandard shapes can bind strongly to the groove, water can be directly incorporated into the minor groove complex in an interfacial interaction, compounds can be designed to recognize GC and mixed AT/GC base pair sequences, and stacked dimers can form to recognize specific sequences. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Spectrum sensing performance of wireless cognitive radio sensor network with hard‐decision fusion over generalizedα−μfading channels
Authors: Nallagonda Srinivas
Published: April 2023

The analysis of spectrum sensing performance of energy detection (ED)‐based wireless cognitive radio sensor network (ED‐WCRSN) with hard‐decision combining (HDC) is presented in this paper. Particularly, several network parameters are derived to estimate the performance of ED‐WCRSN, considering channel errors, noise, and generalized fading. In the considered network, first, cognitive radio sensor (CRS) senses a primary user (PU), gets sensing data, and then uses an ED to make a local binary decisions about PU's active or inactive status. In both sensing and reporting channels, the channel error probability is also taken into account. Next, HDC technique is used at control center (CC) to combine the locally obtained decisions, and a final decision about the status of the PU is made. To do so, first, the expression for the novel and analytical, which incorporates noise and fading, detection probability in a CRS is derived and validated using Monte Carlo simulations in MATLAB and using an experimental setup. Then, utilizing derived mathematical expressions, closed‐form expressions of an average error rate (AER), optimal numbers of CRSs, and detection thresholds under noisy and fading conditions are developed. The substantial influence of channel and network factors is assessed using receiver operating characteristics (ROC), complementary ROC, and AER. Finally, the impacts of channel and network parameters on ED‐WCRSN performance are explored. For numerous parameters of the considered network, the optimal values detection threshold and number of CRSs are also found.
Inference of future bog succession trajectory from spatial chronosequence of changing aapa mires
Authors: Kolari Tiina H. M. , Tahvanainen Teemu
Published: April 2023

Climate change‐driven vegetation changes can alter the ecosystem functions of northern peatlands. Several case studies have documented fen‐to‐bog transition (FBT) over recent decades, which can have major implications, as increased bog growth would likely cause cooling feedback. However, studies beyond individual cases are missing to infer if a common trajectory or many alternatives of FBT are in progress. We explored plant community and hydrology patterns during FBT of 23 boreal aapa mire complexes in Finland. We focused on mires where comparisons of historical (1940–1970) and new (2017–2019) aerial photographs indicated an expansion of Sphagnum‐dominated zones. Vegetation plot and water chemistry data were collected from string‐flark fens, transition zones with indications of Sphagnum increase, and bog zones; thus, in a chronosequence with a decadal time span. We ask, is there a common trajectory or many alternatives of FBT in progress, and what are the main characteristics (species and traits) of transitional plant communities? We found a pattern of fen‐bog transitions via an increase in Sphagnum sect. Cuspidata (mainly S. majus and S. balticum), indicating a consistently high water table. Indicators only of transitional communities were scarce (Sphagnum lindbergii), but FBT had apparently facilitated shallow‐rooted aerenchymatous vascular plants, especially Scheuchzeria palustris. Water pH consistently reflected the chronosequence with averages of 4.2, 3.9, and 3.8, from fen to transition and bog zones. Due to weak minerotrophy of string‐flark fens, species richness increased towards bogs, but succession led to reduced beta diversity and homogenization among bog sites. Decadal chronosequence suggested a future fen‐bog transition through a wet phase, instead of a drying trend. Transitional poor‐fen vegetation was characterized by the abundance of Sphagnum lindbergii, S. majus, and Scheuchzeria palustris. Sphagnum mosses likely benefit from longer growing seasons and consistently wet and acidic conditions of aapa mires.
Leveraging preserved specimens of Nerodia to infer the spatiotemporal dynamics of Ophidiomyces ophidiicola via quantitative polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Harding Stephen F. , Moretta‐Urdiales Maria Del Mar , Nordmeyer Stephanie C. , Wostl Elijah , Rodriguez David
Published: April 2023

Ophidiomyces ophidiicola (Oo) is a fungal pathogen and the causative agent of ophidiomycosis that has affected multiple snake taxa across the United States, Europe, and Asia. Ophidiomycosis has often been referred to as an emerging infectious disease (EID); however, its status as an EID has recently come under debate. Oo infections have been confirmed in wild snake populations in Texas; however, it is unknown if the pathogen is novel (i.e., invasive) or endemic to the state. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted surveys for Oo among preserved Nerodia deposited at three university museums in Texas. First, we visually assessed snakes for signs of infection (SOI), and if SOI were present, we sampled the affected area. We then used quantitative polymerase chain reaction to diagnose the presence of Oo DNA on areas with SOI and used these data to evaluate spatiotemporal patterns of Oo prevalence. We also tested for significant spatial clusters of Oo infenction using a Bernoulli probability model as implemented in the program SatScan. We found that the proportion of snakes exhibiting SOI was constant over time while the prevalence of Oo DNA among those SOI increased across space and time. Within these data, we detected an incidence pattern consistent with an introduction and then spread. We detected six spatial clusters of Oo infection, although only one was significant. Our results support the hypothesis that Oo is an emerging, novel pathogen to Texas snakes. These data narrow the knowledge gap regarding the history of Oo infections in Texas and establish a historical record of confirmed Oo detections in several counties across the state. Thus, our results will guide future research to those areas with evidence of past Oo infections but lacking confirmation in contemporary hosts.
Effective hydrolysis of NH3BH3 for hydrogen evolution by the novel graphene quantum dots loaded bimetallic nanoparticles (Pt‐Co/GQDs)
Authors: Cao Jie , Zhang Fatao , Xiao Ting , Jiang Lihua , Chen Weifeng , Tan Xinyu
Published: April 2023

Utilizing the low‐cost catalysts with excellent catalytic activities to replace the expensive ones for H2 evolution still faces great challenges. It is significant to design the new catalysts with the synergistic effect to improve the activities and decrease the cost of the applications. Herein, the novel nanocatalyst of graphene quantum dots loaded bimetallic nanoparticles (Pt‐Co/GQDs) has been synthesized for the H2 evolution from hydrolysis of amine borane (AB) for the first time. The result indicates that the Pt‐Co/GQDs nanocatalyst holds the better catalytic activities than Pt/GQDs, exhibiting the bimetallic synergies in the hydrolysis process. The synthesized catalyst has been characterized by various measurements, such as TEM, XPS, EDS, UV–Vis, and PL spectra. The effect of the catalyst on the hydrolysis of AB is investigated. It is demonstrated that the value of total turnover frequencies (TOFs) can arrive to 520 ·molPt−1·min−1 via the catalyst designing, which is very high in comparison with other reported catalysts. This work has developed an effective nanocatalyst with a lower cost which is never reported in the hydrolysis of AB, possessing both great significance and huge potential in the H2 evolution by hydrolysis of the hydrogen storage materials.
Facilitating spatial consensus in complex future scenarios through Real‐Time Spatial Delphi: A novel web‐based open platform
Authors: Calleo Yuri , Di Zio Simone , Pilla Francesco
Published: April 2023

The Delphi technique is a commonly applied method for (among the various uses) achieving consensus from a group of knowledgeable experts. This approach is frequently employed to generate and prioritize ideas, identify potential solutions, and make decisions in various contexts through a series of iterative rounds. In the Futures Studies (FS) context, the Delphi method is regularly used in combination with the scenario method to explore different futures, implementing strategies in the present with the aim of averting dystopian outcomes and/or facilitating normative scenarios. Nevertheless, assuming that the convergence of opinions can also occur in spatial contexts, a shortcoming of the method is the deficiency of spatial references useful in the planning process. In this paper, we introduce the Real‐Time Geo‐Spatial Consensus System, a novel web‐based open platform useful to develop Delphi‐based Spatial Scenarios (DBSS), in an interactive and innovative interface. The platform adopts the Real‐Time spatial Delphi technique to obtain a spatial convergence of opinions among experts to offer researchers, decision‐makers, policymakers, and local authorities a new tool for complex spatial decisions. The primary innovations of the platform, including its architecture, statistical algorithms, tools, features, and outcomes, are demonstrated through a preliminary application focused on potential future climatic hazards in Dublin, Ireland.
Unlocking the hidden burden of epilepsy in Africa: Understanding the challenges and harnessing opportunities for improved care
Authors: Nicholas Aderinto
Published: April 2023

Background

Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder that affects many people in Africa, yet the burden of the disease is often hidden. The management of epilepsy in Africa is often inadequate due to a lack of awareness and education, limited access to diagnostic tools and treatments, inadequate coordination of care, and the stigma associated with the condition.

Method

A comprehensive literature review was conducted to gather information on the epidemiology, diagnosis, management, and outcomes of epilepsy in Africa. The review included studies from peer‐reviewed journals, government reports, and gray literature.

Results

The review revealed a high burden of epilepsy in Africa. The studies also showed a significant gap in the availability and accessibility of diagnostic tools, antiepileptic drugs, and specialized therapies such as physical, occupational, and speech therapy. Additionally, the review found that cultural beliefs and practices, socioeconomic factors such as poverty and lack of access to healthcare, and the stigma associated with the condition, also pose significant challenges to managing epilepsy in Africa.

Conclusion

The study highlights the urgent need for improved epilepsy management in Africa. Additionally, the study calls for further research on epilepsy in Africa and collaboration between all stakeholders to improve the management of epilepsy in Africa.
Hospitalized COVID‐19 patients with diabetes have an increased risk for pneumonia, intensive care unit requirement, intubation, and death: A cross‐sectional cohort study in Mexico in 2020
Authors: Huang Alexander A. , Huang Samuel Y.
Published: April 2023

Background

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic health condition that has been linked with an increased risk of severe illness and mortality from COVID‐19. In Mexico, the impact of diabetes on COVID‐19 outcomes in hospitalized patients has not been fully quantified. Understanding the increased risk posed by diabetes in this patient population can help healthcare providers better allocate resources and improve patient outcomes.

Objective

The objective of this study was to quantify the extent outcomes (pneumonia, intensive care unit [ICU] stay, intubation, and death) are worsened in diabetic patients with COVID‐19.

Methods

Between April 14, 2020 and December 20, 2020 (last accessed), data from the open‐source COVID‐19 database maintained by the Mexican Federal Government were examined. Utilizing hospitalized COVID‐19 patients with complete outcome data, a retrospective cohort study (N = 402,388) was carried out. In relation to COVID‐19, both univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to investigate the effect of diabetes on specific outcomes.

Results

The analysis included 402,388 adults (age >18) with confirmed hospitalized COVID‐19 cases with mean age 46.16 (standard deviation = 15.55), 214,161 (53%) male. The outcomes delineated included pneumonia (N = 88,064; 22%), ICU requirement (N = 23,670; 6%), intubation (N = 23,670; 6%), and death (N = 55,356; 14%). After controlling for confounding variables diabetes continued to be an independent risk factor for both pneumonia (odds ratio [OR]: 1.8, confidence interval [CI]: 1.76−1.84, p < 0.01), ICU requirement (OR: 1.09, CI: 1.04−1.14, p < 0.01), intubation (OR: 1.07, CI: 1.04−1.11, p < 0.01), and death (OR: 1.88, CI: 1.84−1.93, p < 0.01) in COVID‐19 patients.

Conclusions

According to the study, all outcomes (pneumonia, ICU requirement, intubation, and death) were greater among hospitalized individuals with diabetes and COVID‐19. Additional study is required to acquire a better understanding of how diabetes affects COVID‐19 outcomes and to develop practical mitigation techniques for the risk of severe sickness and complications in this particular patient population.
Cross‐affiliation collaboration and power laws for research output of institutions: Evidence and theory from top three finance journals
Authors: Dong Hui , Luo Dan , Zeng Xudong , Zou Zhentao
Published: April 2023

Cross‐affiliation emerges as a new and fast‐developing means to promote collaboration in financial research. We find that the average number of affiliations reported per author in the top‐three finance journals increases steadily from 1.1 to 1.3 from 1995 to 2016. Scale‐free power laws characterize the resulting highly‐skewed distributions of top finance journal publications of worldwide institutions. We propose an explanation of the scale‐invariance, based on a network model featuring nonlinear growth and linear preferential attachment. The model indicates that success‐breeds‐success engenders 87% of total publications and hence the dispersion in research output, while accelerated growth of collaboration reduces the heterogeneity.
Blockchain technology‐based medical information sharing management
Authors: Zhou Kai , Zhou Huiyan , Zhao Weibin
Published: April 2023

This paper introduces the application of blockchain technology in the field of IoT medical information, proposes a secure and trustworthy framework for storing and sharing medical information based on blockchain, containing functions such as tamper‐proof storage of IoT medical data, desensitization processing of sensitive information and sharing of medical information security, and predicts the future market state transfer and the construction time of the model framework from the perspective of economics.
Photobiomodulation using 940‐nm laser as an adjuvant therapy on orthognathic surgery: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: D’avila Ricardo Pimenta , Espínola Lilian Victoria Pérez , Bueno Natália Pieretti , Ferraz Emanuela Prado , Cerqueira Luz João Gualberto
Published: April 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy using 940‐nm laser in patients undergoing orthognathic surgery. Twenty individuals were randomly distributed into laser (n = 10) and control (n = 10) groups. The PBM was conducted immediately after surgery, after 24 h, 48 h, and weekly for up to 4 weeks. All participants were evaluated for pain, edema, trismus and paresthesia. Data were compared by Fisher's and Mann–Whitney or chi‐square tests (5%). The pain decreased from 24 h to 4 weeks, with the laser group reaching any pain after 3 weeks (p < 0.001). A significant difference was noticed for trismus on days 14 and 30 (p = 0.002; p = 0.019), without difference in paresthesia (p = 0.198). Edema was lower on the laser group compared to control, without a significant difference for most measurements. Data indicate that 940‐nm PBM therapy decreased the occurrence of postoperative pain and significantly improved trismus.
Locomotor characteristics of the ground‐walking chameleonBrookesia superciliaris
Authors: Ekhator Chukwuyem , Varshney Arnavi , Young Melody W. , Tanis Daniel , Granatosky Michael C. , Diaz Raul E. , Molnar Julia L.
Published: April 2023

Understanding the locomotor characteristics of early diverging ground‐walking chameleons (members of the generaBrookesia, Rhampholeon, Palleon, andRieppeleon) can help to explain how their unique morphology is adapted to fit their environment and mode of life. However, nearly all quantitative studies of chameleon locomotion thus far have focused on the larger “true arboreal” chameleons. We investigated kinematics and spatiotemporal gait characteristics of the Brown Leaf Chameleon (Brookesia superciliaris)on different substrates and compared them with true arboreal chameleons, nonchameleon lizards, and other small arboreal animals.Brookesiaexhibits a combination of locomotor traits, some of which are traditionally arboreal, others more terrestrial, and a few that are very unusual. Like other chameleons,Brookesiamoved more slowly on narrow dowels than on broad planks (simulating arboreal and terrestrial substrates, respectively), and its speed was primarily regulated by stride frequency rather than stride length. WhileBrookesiaexhibits the traditionally arboreal trait of a high degree of humeral protraction at the beginning of stance, unlike most arboreal tetrapods, it uses smaller shoulder and hip excursions on narrower substrates, possibly reflecting its more terrestrial habits. When moving at very slow speeds,Brookesiaoften adopts an unusual footfall pattern, lateral‐sequence lateral‐couplets. BecauseBrookesiais a member of one of the earliest‐diverging groups of chameleons, its locomotion may provide a good model for an intermediate stage in the evolution of arboreal chameleons. Thus, the transition to a fully arboreal way of life in “true arboreal” chameleons may have involved changes in spatiotemporal and kinematic characteristics as well as morphology.
Patient adverse financial outcomes before and after COVID‐19 infection
Authors: Becker Nora V. , Carlton Erin F. , Iwashyna Theodore J. , Scott John W. , Moniz Michelle H. , Ayanian John Z.
Published: April 2023

Adverse financial outcomes after COVID‐19 infection and hospitalization have not been assessed with appropriate comparators to account for other financial disruptions of 2020–2021. Using credit report data from 132,109 commercially insured COVID‐19 survivors, we compared the rates of adverse financial outcomes for two cohorts of individuals with credit outcomes measured before and after COVID‐19 infection, using an interaction term between cohort and hospitalization to test whether adverse credit outcomes changed more for hospitalized than nonhospitalized COVID‐19 patients. Covariates included age group, gender, and several area‐level social determinants of health. Adverse financial outcomes were significantly more common after COVID‐19 infection than before COVID‐19 infection, with greater increases among those hospitalized with COVID‐19 (5–8 percentage points) than among nonhospitalized patients (1–3 percentage points). Future work examining longitudinal financial outcomes before and after COVID‐19 infection is needed to determine the causal mechanisms of this association to reduce financial hardship from COVID‐19 and other conditions.
The 2021 WHO Classification for Gliomas and Implications on Imaging Diagnosis: Part 2—Summary of Imaging Findings on Pediatric‐Type Diffuse High‐Grade Gliomas, Pediatric‐Type Diffuse Low‐Grade Gliomas, and Circumscribed Astrocytic Gliomas
Authors: Park Yae Won , Vollmuth Philipp , Foltyn‐Dumitru Martha , Sahm Felix , Ahn Sung Soo , Chang Jong Hee , Kim Se Hoon
Published: April 2023

The fifth edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of central nervous system tumors published in 2021 advances the role of molecular diagnostics in the classification of gliomas by emphasizing integrated diagnoses based on histopathology and molecular information and grouping tumors based on genetic alterations. This Part 2 review focuses on the molecular diagnostics and imaging findings of pediatric‐type diffuse high‐grade gliomas, pediatric‐type diffuse low‐grade gliomas, and circumscribed astrocytic gliomas. Each tumor type in pediatric‐type diffuse high‐grade glioma mostly harbors a distinct molecular marker. On the other hand, in pediatric‐type diffuse low‐grade gliomas and circumscribed astrocytic gliomas, molecular diagnostics may be extremely complicated at a glance in the 2021 WHO classification. It is crucial for radiologists to understand the molecular diagnostics and imaging findings and leverage the knowledge in clinical practice.

Evidence Level

3

Technical Efficacy

Stage 3.
The 2021 WHO Classification for Gliomas and Implications on Imaging Diagnosis: Part 1—Key Points of the Fifth Edition and Summary of Imaging Findings on Adult‐Type Diffuse Gliomas
Authors: Park Yae Won , Vollmuth Philipp , Foltyn‐Dumitru Martha , Sahm Felix , Ahn Sung Soo , Chang Jong Hee , Kim Se Hoon
Published: April 2023

The fifth edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of central nervous system tumors published in 2021 advances the role of molecular diagnostics in the classification of gliomas by emphasizing integrated diagnoses based on histopathology and molecular information and grouping tumors based on genetic alterations. Importantly, molecular biomarkers that provide important prognostic information are now a parameter for establishing tumor grades in gliomas. Understanding the 2021 WHO classification is crucial for radiologists for daily imaging interpretation as well as communication with clinicians. Although imaging features are not included in the 2021 WHO classification, imaging can serve as a powerful tool to impact the clinical practice not only prior to tissue confirmation but beyond. This review represents the first of a three‐installment review series on the 2021 WHO classification for gliomas, glioneuronal tumors, and neuronal tumors and implications on imaging diagnosis. This Part 1 Review focuses on the major changes to the classification of gliomas and imaging findings on adult‐type diffuse gliomas.

Evidence Level

3.

Technical Efficacy

Stage 3.
Green extraction and biological activity of phenolic extracts from cashew nut testa using a combination of enzyme and ultrasound‐assisted treatments
Authors: Van Thanh Hoang , Phi Nguyen Thi Lan , Khoi Nguyen Tien , Hoan Nguyen Xuan , Van Hung Pham
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND

A combination of enzymes and ultrasound treatment was employed to extract bioactive compounds from cashew nut testa, a by‐product of the food industry. The total catechin, flavonoid, and phenolic content of extracts was investigated together with their biological activity.

RESULTS

Enzyme and ultrasound‐assisted extraction (E‐UAE) was performed by incubation with Viscozyme L (20 mL kg−1 of testa powder, v/w) for 60 min before sonication for 40 min. Ultrasound and enzyme‐assisted extraction (U‐EAE) was carried out using sonication for 40 min before incubation with Viscozyme L (20 mL kg−1 of testa powder) for 60 min. Under appropriate conditions, the total phenolic, flavonoid, catechin, and epigallocatechin gallate content of the extracts from cashew nut testa obtained from a combination method (U‐EAE or E‐UAE) was significantly higher than that obtained using a single method (EAE or UAE). Extracts of cashew nut testa obtained from E‐UAE displayed significantly higher antioxidant and α‐amylase inhibitory activity than those from the U‐EAE. The E‐UAE extract at a concentration of 100 μg mL−1 had a greater impact on the cell viability of MCF‐7 after treatment (22% cell viability) than did the doxorubicin (DOX) at 4 μg mL−1 (39% cell viability), and the E‐UAE extract at 100 μg mL−1 was considered to be safe for healthy cells because the viability of the bovine aerotic endothelial cells treated with this extract was 91%, which was similar to the DOX treatment.

CONCLUSION

The extract of cashew nut testa obtained from E‐UAE is valuable and promising for the development of anti‐inflammatory therapeutic drugs. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
The nanocomposites of modified attapulgite with vitamin E and mannan oligosaccharide regulated the intestinal epithelial barrier and improved intestinal microbiota composition to prevent diarrhea in weaned piglets
Authors: Zha Andong , Tan Bie , Wang Jing , Qi Ming , Deng Yuankun , Liao Peng , Yin Yulong
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND

Overuse of antibiotics contributes to bacterial resistance in animals. Therefore, it is necessary to find a new way to ensure animal health and promote animal growth. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of mannan oligosaccharide (MOS)/vitamin E (VE)/attapulgite (APT) nanocomposites (SLK1, SLK3, SLK5) on growth performance and intestinal health in weaned piglets. Each 1 kg of SLK1, SLK3 or SLK5 contains 50 g of vitamin E, and each had a different MOS concentration [SLK1 (50 g kg −1 MOS), SLK3 (100 g kg −1 MOS), SLK5 (150 g kg −1 MOS)]. In total, 135 piglets were randomly divided into five groups (normal control group, traditional antibiotic substitutes group, SLK1 group, SLK3 group and SLK5 group), and growth performance, diarrhea index, intestinal epithelial barrier function and intestinal microbial composition were measured.

RESULTS

SLK1 and SLK5 significantly decreased diarrhea frequency in weaned piglets (p < 0.05). Furthermore, SLK5 significantly increased survival rate of weaned piglets compared to the traditional antibiotic substitutes group (p < 0.05). SLK5 also increased villus height of ileum, and increased goblet number of the jejunum (p < 0.05). 16S rRNA sequencing showed that SLK5 significantly regulated intestinal colonic microbiota composition (p < 0.05). Specifically, SLK5 significantly increased the abundance of Phascolarctobacterium succinatutens in the cecum and increased the abundance of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in the colon (p < 0.05). In addition, dietary supplementation with 1 kg T−1 SLK5 also significantly increased the propionate content in the colon, which is significantly correlated with Phascolarctobacterium (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

Dietary supplementation with 1 kg T−1 SLK5 improved intestinal epithelial barrier function, and regulated intestinal microbiota composition to prevent diarrhea in weaned piglets. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Ultra‐high‐speed liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry detection analytical methods for the determination of nitrosamine drug substance‐related impurities
Authors: Marlés‐Torres Anna , López‐García Rubén , Bessa‐Jambrina Sergio , Galán‐Rodríguez Cristóbal
Published: April 2023

In the present study, five simple, feasible, and sensitive Ultra‐high‐speed liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry detection methods, using electrospray ionization are proposed. These methods were developed and validated for the determination of four different nitrosamine drug substance‐related impurities—N‐nitrosoacebutolol, N‐nitrosobisoprolol, N‐nitrosometoprolol, and N‐nitrososotalol—in five beta blockers active pharmaceutical ingredients—acebutolol HCl, bisoprolol fumarate, metoprolol tartrate, metoprolol succinate, and sotalol HCl. The proposed methods were validated as per regulatory guidelines. Acquity HSS T3 (3.0 × 100 mm, 1.8 μm) column and formic acid 0.1% in water combined with methanol or acetonitrile were used for chromatographic separation in all methods. The limit of detection and the limit of quantification were found to be in the range of 0.02–1.2 and 2–20 parts per billion, respectively. The accuracy and precision of the five methods have been demonstrated in the working range of each one, giving values of recovery within the range of 64.1%–113.3%, and the regression coefficients (R) were found to be in the range of 0.9978–0.9999. These methods could be used for controlling nitrosamine drug substance‐related impurities content for beta blockers drug substances batches manufactured at Moehs group.
Dramatic deterioration or new‐onset dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor‐associated bullous pemphigoid after COVID‐19 vaccination: A possible manifestation of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome
Authors: Sunada Midori , Sugiyama Seiko , Nakahara Yukiko , Yamane Mariko , Mashiko Rehito , Yamamoto Takenobu , Aoyama Yumi
Published: April 2023

Background

Many reports have described the development of bullous pemphigoid (BP) following COVID‐19 vaccination. In dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor‐associated BP (DPP‐4i‐BP), cessation of DPP‐4i appears to have a paradoxical effect on the clinical course of the BP. Interestingly, similar paradoxical reactions have been shown to develop after antibody‐based therapies that inhibit pro‐inflammatory cytokine signalling. These heterogenous outcomes could be explained by assuming that DPP‐4i‐BP is a manifestation of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). Onset of IRIS could be triggered by a variety of stimuli, including initiation of immune checkpoint blockade and vaccination.

Objectives

To examine whether the onset of postvaccine BP, although rarely reported, is preferentially observed in DPP‐4i‐BP and whether severe outcomes of IRIS can be predicted by specific cytokine profiles.

Methods

This single‐centre retrospective study was based on the medical records of 63 consecutive outpatients with BP.

Results

Exacerbation or new onset BP following COVID‐19 vaccination was observed in 6 of 11 patients with BP who were receiving DPP‐4i. One patient who developed dramatic exacerbation of DPP‐4i‐BP and cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease following COVID‐19 vaccination showed high concentrations of granulocyte‐colony‐stimulating factor and interleukin‐10 after vaccination, both of which have been associated with CMV‐IRIS in other settings.

Conclusions

COVID‐19 vaccine‐induced BP was more frequently associated with DPP‐4i‐BP than with ‘classic’ BP. COVID‐19 vaccination may trigger the shift to infectious IRIS. When infectious IRIS is suspected from the cytokine profile after COVID‐19 vaccination, thorough clinical evaluation for reactivation of CMV should be performed immediately with prompt initiation of anti‐CMV medication if necessary.
Artificial Gauge Field Enabled Low‐Crosstalk, Broadband, Half‐Wavelength Pitched Waveguide Arrays
Authors: Zhou Peiji , Li Ting , Lin Yucheng , Xia Lipeng , Shen Li , Xu Xiaochuan , Li Tao , Zou Yi
Published: April 2023

Dense waveguide arrays with half‐wavelength pitch, low‐crosstalk, broadband, and flexible routing capability are essential for integrated photonics. However, achieving such performance is challenging due to the relatively weaker confinement of dielectric waveguides and the increased interactions among densely packed waveguides. Here, leveraging the artificial gauge field mechanism, half‐wavelength‐pitched dense waveguide arrays, consisting of 64 waveguides, in silicon with −30 dB crosstalk suppression from 1480 to 1550 nm are demonstrated. The waveguide array features negligible insertion loss for 90° bending. This approach enables flexibly routing a large‐scale dense waveguide array that significantly reduces on‐chip estate, leading to a high‐density photonic integrated circuit, and may open up opportunities for important device performance improvement, such as half‐wavelength‐pitch optical phased array and ultra‐dense space‐division multiplexing.
Cognitive and Motor Decline in Dementia with Lewy Bodies and Parkinson's Disease Dementia
Authors: Gonzalez Maria Camila , Tovar‐Rios Diego Alejandro , Alves Guido , Dalen Ingvild , Williams‐Gray Caroline H. , Camacho Marta , Forsgren Lars , Bäckström David , Lawson Rachael A. , Macleod Angus D. , Counsell Carl E. , Paquet Claire , DeLena Carlo , D'Antonio Fabrizia , Pilotto Andrea , Padovani Alessandro , Blanc Frédéric , Falup‐Pecurariu Cristian , Lewis Simon J.G. , Rejdak Konrad , Papuc Ewa , Hort Jakub , Nedelska Zuzana , O'Brien John , Bonanni Laura , Marquié Marta , Boada Mercè , Pytel Vanesa , Abdelnour Carla , Alcolea Daniel , Beyer Katrin , Tysnes Ole‐Bjørn , Aarsland Dag , Maple‐Grødem Jodi
Published: April 2023

Background

There is a need to better understand the rate of cognitive and motor decline of Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson's disease Dementia (PDD).

Objectives

To compare the rate of cognitive and motor decline in patients with DLB and PDD from the E‐DLB Consortium and the Parkinson's Incidence Cohorts Collaboration (PICC) Cohorts.

Methods

The annual change in MMSE and MDS‐UPDRS part III was estimated using linear mixed regression models in patients with at least one follow‐up (DLB n = 837 and PDD n = 157).

Results

When adjusting for confounders, we found no difference in the annual change in MMSE between DLB and PDD (−1.8 [95% CI −2.3, −1.3] vs. −1.9 [95% CI −2.6, −1.2] [P = 0.74]). MDS‐UPDRS part III showed nearly identical annual changes (DLB 4.8 [95% CI 2.1, 7.5]) (PDD 4.8 [95% CI 2.7, 6.9], [P = 0.98]).

Conclusions

DLB and PDD showed similar rates of cognitive and motor decline. This is relevant for future clinical trial designs.
Posterior corneal surface and anterior chamber changes after Small incision lenticule extraction and Femtosecond laser‐assisted laser in‐situ keratomileusis
Authors: Xie Lijie , Zhu Shanqing , Wu Guanrong , Tang Changting , Guo Yunxiang , Yu Honghua , Hu Yijun
Published: April 2023

We aimed to evaluate the posterior corneal and anterior chamber changes following small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and femtosecond laser‐assisted laser in situ keratomileusis (FS‐LASIK). This retrospective study included 93 eyes for SMILE and 228 eyes for FS‐LASIK. Posterior corneal curvature, anterior chamber biometrics, and posterior corneal aberrations preoperatively and at 1 week and 3 months after surgery were evaluated. The correlation between surgical‐related factors and posterior corneal morphology changes, posterior corneal morphology changes, and posterior corneal aberration alterations were determined. There was an increase in mean posterior corneal radius (PCC R) and flat posterior corneal radius (PCC R1) and decrease in anterior chamber depth and anterior chamber volume in the SMILE and FS‐LASIK group (all p < 0.05). A significant difference was observed in posterior corneal higher‐order aberrations before and after the FS‐LASIK (p = 0.006). A negative correlation was found between alterations of PCC R and changes of posterior corneal spherical aberrations in the SMILE (r = −0.289) and FS‐LASIK group (r = −0.383). In conclusion, posterior corneal and anterior chamber biometrics are changed after SMILE and FS‐LASIK. Innovatively, we find that changes in posterior corneal morphology are correlated with posterior corneal aberration alterations.