bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementasi Kebijakan Program Pembangunanpartisipatif Berbasis Komunitas (P3BK) di Kecamatan Pondok Melati Kota Bekasi
Authors: Gita Indrawaty , Mulyadi Mohammad
Published: July 2020

The Community-Based Participatory Development Program (P3BK) is the Bekasi City Government Program for the implementation of development through community participation and self-help. This paper wants to describe the implementation of the P3BK policy in Pondok Melati District, Bekasi City. This research is qualitative in nature where data is collected through interviews with self-managed P3BK implementers, then the data is analyzed by Miles and Huberman Models. Overall the program went well, which was based on several factors, namely: (1) communication, which included the distribution of effective communication, sufficient clarity on the P3BK policy by the implementers of the activities, as well as consistency in providing good direction; (2) resources, including competent and capable enough human resources; (3) the disposition/attitude of P3BK implementers: sufficient capacity and capability and high dedication of P3BK implementers; (4) organizational structure/bureaucracy, including the availability of Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for P3BK implementation and each program implementer has understood and implemented the SOP, as well as effective bureaucratic fragmentation.AbtrakProgram Pembangunan Partisipatif Berbasis Komunitas (P3BK) merupakan Program Pemerintah Kota Bekasi untuk pelaksanaan pembangunan lewat partisipasi dan swadaya masyarakat. Tulisan ini ingin mendeskripsikan implementasi kebijakan P3BK di Kecamatan Pondok Melati Kota Bekasi. Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif di mana data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara pada pelaksana swakelola P3BK, kemudian data dianalisis dengan Model Miles dan Huberman. Secara keseluruhan program berjalan baik, yang didorong beberapa faktor yaitu: (1) komunikasi yang meliputi penyaluran komunikasi yang cukup efektif, kejelasan yang cukup baik atas kebijakan P3BK oleh para pelaksana kegiatan, serta konsistensi dalam memberikan arahan yang cukup baik; (2) sumber daya yang meliputi SDM pelaksana program yang dinilai cukup kompeten dan kapabel; (3) disposisi/sikap pelaksana P3BK yang meliputi kapasitas dan kapabilitas pelaksana P3BK yang cukup memadai, dedikasi yang tinggi. (4) struktur organisasi/birokrasi yang meliputi telah tersedianya Standar Operasional Prosedur (SOP) pelaksanaan P3BK dan masing-masing pelaksana program telah memahami dan melaksanakan SOP tersebut, serta fragmentasi birokrasi yang telah berjalan efektif.
Keamanan Pangan Sebagai Salah Satu Upaya Perlindungan Hak Masyarakat Sebagai Konsumen
Authors: Lestari Tri Rini Puji
Published: July 2020

Consuming unsafe food can endanger the health and lives of consumers. But until now, the circulation of unsafe food is still a problem for Indonesia. Even though the provisions regarding food safety have been regulated in the Law on Food and the Law on Health. This paper uses a literature study. The analysis uses theories and concepts in the literature as the main object to answer questions related to the conditions of the implementation of food safety in Indonesia and various factors that need to be considered in the implementation of food security so that the rights of the community as consumers can be protected. The findings show that at this time Indonesia adheres to multiple agency systems where the application of this system involves a long bureaucratic path and prone to the occurrence of sector egos in the implementation of food security. There are five technical factors recommended by the WHO in providing safe food, namely: maintaining cleanliness, preventing pollution, storing food at safe temperatures, heating food at the right temperature, and using water and raw materials that are safe for consumption. Guaranteed implementation of protection for the community from unsafe food is a major factor that must always be sought by all parties concerned.AbstrakMengonsumsi pangan yang tidak aman dapat membahayakan kesehatan dan jiwa konsumen. Namun, hingga saat ini peredaran pangan yang tidak aman masih menjadi permasalahan bagi Indonesia. Meskipun ketentuan mengenai keamanan pangan sudah diatur dalam Undang- Undang (UU) tentang Pangan dan UU tentang Kesehatan. Tulisan ini menggunakan studi pustaka. Analisis menggunakan teori dan konsep pada literatur sebagai objek utama untuk menjawab pertanyaan terkait bagaimana kondisi penyelenggaraan keamanan pangan di Indonesia dan berbagai faktor yang perlu diperhatikan dalam penyelenggaraan keamanan pangan agar hak masyarakat sebagai konsumen dapat terlindungi. Hasil temuan menunjukkan bahwa saat ini Indonesia menganut multiple agency system di mana penerapan sistem ini melibatkan jalur birokrasi yang panjang dan rawan terjadinya ego sektoral dalam penyelenggaraan keamanan pangan. Ada lima faktor teknis yang direkomendasikan oleh WHO dalam penyediaan pangan yang aman, yaitu: menjaga kebersihan, mencegah terjadinya pencemaran, menyimpan makanan pada suhu yang aman, memanaskan makanan pada suhu yang tepat, serta menggunakan air dan bahan baku yang aman dikonsumsi. Jaminan terselenggaranya perlindungan bagi masyarakat dari pangan yang tidak aman merupakan faktor utama yang harus selalu diupayakan oleh semua pihak terkait.
Ridwan Kamil: Sang Pendobrak Status Quo
Authors: Hakim Lukman Nul
Published: July 2020

Unlike  the  2014  and  2019  presidential  elections  which  brought  Joko  Widodo  vs. Prabowo Subianto together, according to Professor Kacung Marijan, Ph.D., in 2024 presidential election there will be extensive ‘menus’ that can be offered to the public. Some new candidates are predicted to enliven the 2024 presidential election, including DKI Jakarta Governor Anies Baswedan, Central Java Governor Ganjar Pranowo, and East Java Governor Khofifah Indar Parawansa. The writer added two more people on the list, namely Former DKI Jakarta Vice Governor Sandiaga Uno, and West Java Governor Ridwan Kamil. Preliminary knowledge of the psychological profile of the leaders is important as a basis for selecting future leaders for the people of Indonesia. In this study the writer tried to analyze the profile of one of the potential future leader of Indonesia, Ridwan Kamil (n = 1). At-a-distance measurement method is used to do biography analysis and big five analysis. This study concluded that Ridwan Kamil was a person with a high score on the dimensions of openness to experience and extroversion, was middle on conscientiousness, and was low on agreeableness and neuroticism. He doesn’t like the status quo. He likes to challenge the limit, both the limit of himself and his environment. The right words to describe Ridwan Kamil is a status quo breaker.Abstrak Tidak seperti pemilihan presiden (pilpres) tahun 2014 dan 2019 yang mempertemukan Joko  Widodo  vs.  Prabowo  Subianto,  menurut  Profesor  Kacung  Marijan,  Ph.D.,  pada  pilpres tahun 2024 nanti banyak ‘menu’ yang bisa disajikan untuk masyarakat. Beberapa kandidat baru diprediksi akan meramaikan pilpres 2024, di antaranya Gubernur DKI Jakarta Anies Baswedan, Gubernur Jawa Tengah Ganjar Pranowo, dan Gubernur Jawa Timur Khofifah Indar Parawansa. Penulis  menambahkan  dua  orang  dalam  daftar  tersebut,  yaitu  Mantan  Wakil  Gubernur  DKI Jakarta Sandiaga Uno dan Gubernur Jawa Barat Ridwan Kamil. Pengetahuan awal tentang profil psikologis para tokoh tersebut menjadi penting sebagai dasar untuk memilih calon pemimpin masa depan bagi masyarakat Indonesia. Pada penelitian ini, penulis berusaha menganalisis profil salah satu tokoh potensial masa depan Indonesia, yaitu Ridwan Kamil (n=1). Metode pengukuran at-a-distance, digunakan untuk melakukan analisis biografi dan analisis big five. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan  bahwa  Ridwan  Kamil  adalah  seorang  dengan  skor  yang  tinggi  pada  dimensi openness to experience dan extroversion, menengah pada conscientiousness, dan rendah pada agreeableness dan neuroticism. Ia tidak menyukai status quo. Ia suka menantang ambang batas, baik itu ambang batas dirinya maupun lingkungannya. Kata yang tepat untuk menggambarkan Ridwan Kamil adalah seorang pendobrak status quo.
Determinan Sikap Tindak Kekerasan dalam Rumah Tangga di Provinsi Banten
Authors: Fajrini Fini , Ariasih Rr Arum , Latifah A Noor
Published: July 2020

Violence against women is a major public health problem worldwide. Result of the National Commission on Violence Against Women’s 2017 mapping showed that violence against women spreads more widely, in various types, causing traumatic scars, and the number continues to grow reaching 348.446 cases. This research aims to analyze the relations between individual, family,  and  community  basis  with  supportive  attitude  toward  domestic  violence.  Domestic violence in Banten Province is relatively high, from 2010 to September 2017 reaching 442 cases. Data analysis was carried out on married men and women, a total of 1.876 in Banten Province’s 2012  Indonesian  Demographic  Health  Survey.  IDHS  used  a  cross-sectional  design  and  the statistical analysis employed logistic regression. The results showed that supportive attitude were widely welcomed at individual basis (women younger age, low education, younger of age at first marriage, and living in rural areas) as well as at family basis (being a sole decision maker). AbstrakKekerasan  terhadap  perempuan  merupakan  masalah  kesehatan  masyarakat  yang utama di seluruh dunia. Hasil pemetaan Komnas Perempuan tahun 2017 di seluruh Indonesia, menunjukkan bahwa persebaran kekerasan terhadap perempuan semakin luas, bentuknya semakin beragam, bekas traumanya  mendalam, dan jumlahnya terus berkembang mencapai 348.446 kasus. Kekerasan dalam rumah tangga di Provinsi Banten tergolong tinggi terhitung dari tahun 2010 hingga September 2017 mencapai 442 kasus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor individu, keluarga, dan masyarakat dengan sikap setuju terhadap kekerasan dalam rumah tangga. Analisis data dilakukan pada responden laki-laki dan perempuan menikah sebanyak 1.876 orang di Provinsi Banten pada Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia 2012. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan cross sectional dengan analisis statistik menggunakan regresi logistik berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sikap setuju lebih diterima secara luas pada faktor individu (perempuan, orang berusia lebih muda, orang berpendidikan rendah, menikah muda, status ekonomi rendah, dan tinggal di pedesaan) dan faktor keluarga (pengambilan keputusan tunggal).
Giant dermoid cyst mimicking posterior fossa tumors in a child: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Furtado Leopoldo Mandic Ferreira , Val Filho José Aloysio da Costa , Sandes Bruno Lacerda , Mendes Plínio Duarte , Braga Patrícia Salomé Gouvea
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Intracranial dermoid cysts are rare, congenital and, benign lesions. The etiology of these lesions is related to an embryonic defect during neurulation.
Case presentation: The present study describes a case of a 3-year-old girl with a giant cerebellar dermoid cyst, which initially manifested as hydrocephalus.
Discussion: We discuss its epidemiological characteristics as well as diagnostic and therapeutic management. The combination of high clinical suspicion, anamnesis, thorough physical examination, and adequate interpretation of neuroimaging data is crucial for the early diagnosis and timely therapeutic intervention for such cysts.
Conclusion: Surgical approach involving complete lesion resection considerably improves prognosis.
A informação no ambiente prisional
Authors: Azevedo Ana Karisse Valença Silva , Gomes Marcos Aurélio , Souza Edivanio Duarte de
Published: July 2020

A informação é elemento fundamental em diferentes processos de inclusão social. Para tanto, devem-se considerar as particulariadades dos contextos de uso. Nesse sentido, este artigo visa discutir um conjunto de variáveis que condicionam as necessidades e o comportamento em informação de sujeitos que se encontram em cuprimento de pena em regime fechado. A partir disso, propõe um modelo que auxilie na compreensão do processo de remição de pena pela leitura. Considera que a comunidade carcerária é múltipla e a precariedade de recursos que permeiam este ambiente dificulta a implantação de projetos dessa natureza. O modelo possibilita a identificação de elementos a serem considerados nos estudos, no acompanhamento e na avaliação de comportamentos em informação de sujeitos encarcerados.
Os desafios dos serviços psicológicos mediados pelas TIC no contexto da Pandemia do Coronavírus 2019-2020
Authors: Santana Sérgio Rodrigues de , Girard Carla Daniella Teixeira , Costa Levi Cadmiel Amaral da , Girard Cristiane Marina Teixeira , Costa Daniel Jackson Estevam da
Published: July 2020

No contexto da Pandemia do Coronavírus 2019-20 os serviços psicológicos mediados pelas Tecnologia da Informação e Comunicação se tornaram essenciais para o equilíbrio da saúde mental da população em distanciamento social, isolamento domiciliar e/ou em quarentena, embora, desafiador ao considerar a ambiguidade da Sociedade da Informação e do Conhecimento. Estes serviços são atividades clínicas realizadas por psicológicos cadastros nos Conselhos Federal e Regionais de Psicologia através do e-Psi. O objetivo deste artigo versa na reflexão crítica sobre a tecnologia visualizando os atendimentos psicológicos mediados pelas Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação no contexto da Pandemia do Coronavírus 2019-20 mentalizando a reconfiguração e/ou rompimento de paradigmas/obstáculos a partir de seus usos na Psicologia. O artigo caminha pela abordagem qualitativa, método descritivo-compreensivo-interpretativo e inclinação interdisciplinar de autores como possibilidade de edificação de um novo prisma acerca da construção, acesso e uso das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação na Psicologia na mediação dos serviços clínicos. O aporte teórico caminha pela área da Ciência da Informação e se apoia nas teorias da Revolução da Tecnologia da Informação e Filosofia da Tecnologia. Quando se considera a relação tecnologia, Psicologia, comportamento humano e serviços clínicos a Psicologia utiliza teorias clássicas na interpretação de novos construtos comportamentais e sociais originados na Sociedade da Informação e do Conhecimento. Entre 1995 a 2012 na perspectiva histórica-epistémico houve avanços significativos acerca dos estudos teóricos, técnicos e epistêmicos sobre os atendimentos psicológicos mediados pelas Tecnologia da Informação e Comunicação. Contudo, no contexto da contexto da Pandemia do Coronavírus 2019-20 emergem as necessidades de repensar as reservas, desconfianças e desafios quanto ao uso das tecnologias na psicologia clínica, visualizando os serviços posológicos como atividade efetiva, eficiente, eficaz, de qualidade e de alcance para os grupos sociais.
Avaliação da consistência de descritores
Authors: Dantas Esdras Renan Farias , Sampaio Débora Adriano , Albuquerque Maria Elizabeth Baltar Carneiro de
Published: July 2020

Pretende identificar os descritores utilizados nas dissertações do PPGCI-UFPB, que versam sobre a temática Responsabilidade Social ou assuntos correlatos, objetivando verificar a consistência da representação temática empregada nessas produções. Metodologicamente, quanto aos fins, a pesquisa é caracterizada como descritiva. Quanto aos meios é classificada como bibliográfica. Utilizamos a técnica da pesquisa documental. Quanto à forma de abordagem, esta pesquisa é considerada qualitativa. Por meio da leitura dos resumos e identificação dos descritores, encontramos 25 dissertações que abordaram a temática RS ou assuntos correlatos, defendidas entre os anos de 1981 e 2009. Entretanto, das 25 dissertações que idealmente trataram de RS, não foi possível identificar os descritores de duas delas. Considera-se finalmente, que a consistência dos descritores pode ser avaliada sob dois pontos de vista: no primeiro, se o sistema de informação for utilizado para recuperar informações isoladas, os descritores que representam as dissertações irão permitir a recuperação de informações satisfatórias. Por outro lado, sob a ótica de um segundo ponto de vista, se o sistema de informação for utilizado para recuperar documentos que tenham como tema principal os conteúdos dos descritores que representam as dissertações do PPGCI, podemos considerá-los como inconsistentes.
SURGICAL OUTCOME OF KARYDAKIS TECHNIQUE IN SACRO-COCCYGEAL PILONIDAL SINUS
Authors: Majeed Abdul , Sardar Noor , Manzoor Sidra , Khan Rumman
Published: July 2020

Background: Pilonidal sinus is caused by repeated traumatic penetrations of the skin by hair with consequent infolding and sinus formation. The objective of the study was to determine the surgical outcome and post-operative satisfaction level of patients undergoing Karydakis technique in sacro-coccygeal pilonidal sinus. Material & Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of General and Laparoscopic Surgery, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan from January 2013 to December 2014. Sample size was 38. All male sacro-coccygeal pilonidal sinus patients aging 16 to 65 years were included. Demographic variable was age in years. Research variables were duration of symptoms, follow up, length of stay, return to work, healing time, sacro-coccygeal pain, purulent or mucopurulent discharge, fever, swelling, tenderness and presence of frank abscess, seroma formation and over all satisfaction. Mean ±SD were calculated for continuous variables while frequencies and percentages were calculated for categorical variables. Data was analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 22.0 descriptively. Results: The mean age of the sample of 38 patients was 31.13 ±5.8 years; ranging from 16 to 65 years. Mean symptoms duration was 11.9 ±4.8 days. The mean follow-up duration was 9.87 ±1.89 months. The mean length of stay was 3.42±1.24 days. The mean return to work time was 8.79 ±2.1 days while mean healing time was 12.89 ±1.91 days. The presenting complaints were sacro-coccygeal pain in 34(89.5%), purulent or mucopurulent discharge in 30(78.9%), fever 22(57.9%), swelling 15(39.5%), tenderness 10(26.3%), presence of frank abscess 10(26.3%), seroma formation 3(7.9%) and over all satisfaction was (63%). Conclusion: Over all satisfaction rate was high in Karydakis technique in sacro-coccygeal pilonidal sinus patients.
ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION: A CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTOR
Authors: Khan Naqab , Bibi Najma , Niazi Zahid Rasul , Shah Kifayatullah , Sherazi Syed Azhar , Khan Samiullah
Published: July 2020

Endothelium is one of the largest organ by area and consist of at least one trillion endothelial cells having more than 100 gram weight and covering more than 3000 square meters area in an adult human body. Endothelium interacts with most of the body systems and is implicated in end organ diseases particularly the cardiovascular. The endothelium maintains vascular tone by precisely regulating the vasodilatation and vasoconstriction while effectively providing the adequate supply of blood to the target organs. Factors that affect the endothelium and subsequently cardiovascular system include hypertension, smoking, obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, poor dietary habits and physical inactivity. Endothelial dysfunction is strongly associated with cardiovascular risk factors such as atherosclerosis, elevated level of low density lipoprotein oxidation, cytokine elaboration, up regulation of adhesion molecules, increased cell permeability, platelet aggregation as well as proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscles. Endothelial dysfunction is a pathophysiological term used to indicate diminished production of nitric oxide and an imbalance in endothelial derived contraction and relaxation.
SPIROMETRY FINDINGS IN SUBJECTS PRESENTING WITH DYSPNEA IN BANNU DISTRICT, PAKISTAN
Authors: Maula Fazli , Noman Nargis , Ahmad Iftikhar , Razzaq Abdul , Adil Muhammad , Nadeem Muhammad , Habib Kashif , Jamil Muhammad , Afza Nuzhat , Khan Rabail , Bilal Muhammad
Published: July 2020

Background: Dyspnea is a common symptom in patients presenting to emergency departments worldwide. The objective of the study was to determine the pattern of spirometry findings in subjects presenting with dyspnea in Bannu, KP, Pakistan. Materials & Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Bannu Medical College, Bannu, KP, Pakistan from 1st December 2015 to 31st march 2018. Sample size was 4300 selected through convenient sampling technique. All patients with acute and chronic dyspnea were included. Any patient unable to perform spirometry, recently diagnosed smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), recent myocardial infarction and any infectious disease patient were excluded. A self-administered proforma was used for data collection. The demographic variables were sex and age groups. The research variables were type of lung pathology, severity of obstructive lung pathology, severity of restrictive lung pathology, causes of obstructive lung pathology and causes of restrictive lung pathology. All variables being categorical were analyzed through count and percentages using spss version17. Results: Out of 4300 subjects, (55.72%) were males and (44.28%) were females. Two thousands four hundered and forty five (52.32%) had obstructive, (22.49%) restrictive, (12.9%) with mixed pattern and (4.3%) had normal spirometry. In obstructive patients bronchial asthma were (35.13%), COPD 741(30.3%) asthma-COPD overlap syndrome (ACOS) (9.48%), acute bronchitis (05.64%), bronchiectasis 173(7.07%) and unclear diagnosis (04.17%). In restrictive patients post pulmonary tuberculous fibrosis (PTB) were (33.77%), cardiovascular disorders (28.35%), interstitial lung diseases (17.79%), chest wall disorders (6.47%) and unclear diagnosis in 143(13.6%). Conclusion: Ninety five percent of individuals were having an abnormal spirometeric pattern. mostly old males were having bronchial asthma & COPD as obstructive and PTB & CVDs as restrictive lung disease.
CLINICAL PRESENTATION OF AN EXTENDED CONSANGUINEOUS FAMILY INHERITING WOOLLY HAIR HYPOTRICHOSIS
Authors: Khan Muzammil Ahmad
Published: July 2020

Hypotrichosis is a hair-loss condition that is characterized by sparse hair on scalp, reduced to absent eyebrows and eyelashes. This report is presented of a D.I.Khan, Pakistan based family with multiple patients showing typical phenotype of Woolly Hair Hypotrichosis. All patients in the current family had fragile, thin, brown coloured wooly hair on the head scalp. They had sparse eyebrows but revealed normal eyelashes. Apart from hair phenotype, patients did not exhibit any abnormal features of skin and nail. Herein the shown family tree, each square and circle represent male and female person, respectively. Blacked filled symbols of male and female represent patients, while unfilled square and circle depict normal individuals. Double line, across the square and circle, shows the consanguineous marriage. Roman numbers designate generation ID, while Arabic numbers within the generation indicate” individual ID. Pedigree analysis indicate that parents of all patients have first degree consanguinity, and segregation disease in autosomal recessive fashion.
MUCINOUS CYSTADENOCARCINOMA
Authors: Anwar Sadia , Saba Nasim
Published: July 2020

A 55 years old lady presented to Gynecology outpatient of MMM Teaching Hospital, D.I.Khan in January 2018 with history of abdominal mass. Her abdominal hysterectomy was done one year back. On examination a huge cystic mass reaching up to the xiphisternum and occupying the whole abdomen was palpable. Her ultrasound revealed a mass arising from pelvis, most likely ovarian in nature. Her CA-125 level was 29.62 IU/ml (in normal range). Exploratory laparotomy revealed a huge cystic mass which was excised. Histopathology reported mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary. Chemotherapy was then done. There was no recurrence by the end of nine months follow-up as evaluated by ultrasonography. Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma is an invasive adenocarcinoma composed of malignant glandular cells containing intracytoplasmic mucin. It is relatively common in middle-aged women. Genetic mutation such as KRAS gene have been reported. It is a rapidly growing epithelial tumor usually presenting as a single solid mass. Treatment involves surgery and chemotherapy. The prognosis depends upon the stage of tumor.
TYPES, SITES AND CAUSES OF MECHANICAL INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION
Authors: Ahmed Rizwan , Ullah Irfan , Ahmad Munir , Ahmad Zahoor , Marwat Muhammad , Shah Faridullah
Published: July 2020

Background: The pattern of types, sites and causes of intestinal obstruction is changing continuously from time to time and region to region. The objectives of this study were to determine the types, sites and causes of mechanical intestinal obstruction in our population. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at DHQ Hospital, Karak, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan from January 2011 to July 2014. A sample of 95 patients with age more than 14 years with mechanical intestinal obstruction was selected from an estimated at risk population of 1,000 individuals from district Karak. Sex, age, types, sites and causes of mechanical intestinal obstruction were variables. Except age all other variables were nominal and described by count and percentage with estimated parameters. Results: Out of 95 patients, 57 (60%) were men and 38 (40%) women with ratio of 1.5:1. Mean age was 41.15±12.63 (18-70) with a range of 52 years. Type of presentation was acute in 35 (36.84%), chronic in 25 (26.31%) and acute on chronic in 35 (36.84%) cases. Level of intestinal obstruction was small gut in 70 (73.68%), large gut in 23 (24.21%) and both in two (02.11%) cases. Cause of obstruction was adhesions in 27 (28.42%), abdominal hernias in 25 (26.32%) and malignancies in 15 (15.78%) cases. Conclusion: In our population of mechanical intestinal obstruction patients, type of presentation was equal by acute and chronic, site of intestinal obstruction was small gut in maximum cases and cause of obstruction was adhesions on top followed by abdominal hernias and malignancies.
FREQUENCY, DISTRIBUTION AND DETERMINANTS OF IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA AMONG THIRD TRIMESTER INDOOR PREGNANT WOMEN
Authors: Rehman Asif , Malik Farhat Rehana , Jan Mir Abid , Zeb Mahvash , Sabiha Zia Ul Ain , Zafar Danish , Shams Saba , Khan Beena
Published: July 2020

Background: Iron deficiency anemia is a common health problem during pregnancy in developing countries. The objectives of this study were to determine the frequency, distribution & determinants of iron deficiency anemia among third trimester pregnant women in our population. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan from October 2015 to March 2016. Sample size was 360 calculated through an online calculator. The inclusion criteria was third trimester pregnant women. Demographic variables were age in years, age groups and social class. Research variables were Hb in mg/dL, presence of iron deficiency anemia, grades of iron deficiency anemia (mild/ moderate/ severe) and iron intake (yes/no). Numeric variables such as age in years and Hb were analyzed as mean and SD, whereas rest of the variables being categorical as count and percentages. Chi-square tests of association was computed. Result: The mean age of the sample was 29.31 ±6.99 and CI of 27.92-30.70. The mean hemoglobin level was 10.33 ±1.7 and 95% CI of 9.99-10.67. The overall frequency of iron deficiency anemia was found out to be 52%, in which 25% were mild, 22% moderate and 5% were severely anemic. Women with middle class had higher frequency of 145 cases. Association of iron deficiency anemia with social class (χ2=7.95, p
SEX & AGE-WISE DISTRIBUTION AND CAUSES OF DYSPHONIA IN CHILDREN
Authors: Anwar Khurshid , Khan Shehryar , Ali Muhammad Afaq , Javaid Mohammad , Khan Muhammad Ismail , Shahabi Isteraj
Published: July 2020

Background: Dysphonia is common in children due to which they suffer adversely both at home and at school. The objectives of this study were to determine the sex & age-wise distribution and causes of dysphonia in children. Materials & Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of ENT and Head & Neck surgery, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2018. Sample size consisted of 72 patients presenting with chronic dysphonia, selected using the non-probability consecutive sampling technique Inclusion criteria were children presenting with dysphonia for more than 4 weeks. Exclusion criteria were children with stammering, puberphonia, acute respiratory distress, deaf mutism, speech articulation and increased or decreased nasal twang in voice. The demographic variables were sex and age groups and research variables were causes of dysphonia. All variables except age being categorical were analyzed by frequency and percentages carried out using SPSS 16.0 for windows. Results: Mean age of the sample of patients was 8.78+3.6 with range of 12 years (3-15). Out of 72 patients, 44(61.11%) were boys and 28(38.89%) girls with boy to girl ratio of 1.57:1. Chronic nonspecific laryngitis was the commonest etiology followed by reflux laryngitis. Functional dysphonia was noted only in girls and vocal nodules, vocal hematoma and post traumatic laryngeal stenosis were noted only in boys. Conclusion: Chronic nonspecific laryngitis and reflux laryngitis were the commonest causes especially in males less than 9 years of age. Vocal nodules, vocal hematoma and post traumatic laryngeal stenosis were found only in boys and functional dysphonia was noted only in adolescent girls.
PERSISTENT PUPILLARY MEMBRANE
Authors: Sharjeel Muhammad
Published: July 2020

PERSISTENT PUPILLARY MEMBRANE A 12 years old girl from D.I.Khan city, Pakistan presented with diminished vision. On examination her vision was 6/60 in both eyes, not improving with glasses. The intra-ocular pressure was 15 mmHg in both eyes. Both the corneas were clear and pupils were round, and reactive to light. There was pupillary membrane covering the entire pupil in undilated state. After dilation, we took the picture shown. The persistent pupillary membrane is usually an innocuous finding diagnosed on routine slit-lamp examination but in this case, it was adherent to the anterior lens capsule causing anterior capsular cataract, affecting the visual acquity.
FREQUENCY AND DETERMINANTS OF DEPRESSIVE ILLNESS AMONG INFERTILE WOMEN
Authors: Khan Adnan , Rehman Ijaz Ur , Ilyas Muhammad , Ahmad Hussain , Marwat Muhammad , Khan Ghazi
Published: July 2020

Background: Depression is much more common among infertile women as compared to the general population. The objectives of our study were to determine the frequency of depression among infertile women and association of depression among infertile women with age groups, level of education, and duration of infertility. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Department of Psychiatry, Gomal Medical College, D.I.Khan, Pakistan from 1st January 2018 to 31st December 2018. Sample size was 145 women with primary infertility selected through consecutive sampling technique. The demographic variables were; age groups, level education, duration of primary infertility and research variables was presence of depression. Observed and expected frequency for depression was analyzed by chi-square goodness-of-fit test. Association of depression with age groups, level of education and infertility duration were analyzed by chi-square test of independence. Results: Out of 145 infertile women. 122(84.1%;78.15-90.05%) had depression whereas 23(15.9%;9.95-21.85%) had no depression. Thirty seven out of 145(25.52%) women in the age group
OVARIAN VOLUME BETWEEN FERTILE AND INFERTILE MARRIED WOMEN WITH TRANSVAGINAL SONOGRAPHY
Authors: Yunus Sarah , Rasheed Sadaf , Amanullah Amir , Aman Shehla , Ullah Usman , Wazir Fida Ullah
Published: July 2020

Background: Infertility is a social problem and a big stigma. The objectives of the study were to determine the age wise distribution of ovarian volume and the difference in ovarian volume between married fertile and infertile women with transvaginal sonography. Materials & Methods: This comparative, cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, Gomal Medical College, D.I.Khan, Pakistan from March 2013 to December 2013. Sample Size was 100 women selected by consecutive non probability sampling technique. Sample size was calculated using online calculator Raosoft. Inclusion criteria were women aged 18-50 years, married, fertile and infertile. Color Doppler sonoscape with multi frequency transvaginal probes were used in measurements on any day in the start of menstrual cycle by the same observer. The volume was calculated by applying formula for ellipsoid called Prolate ellipsoid formula. The total volume was represented by sum of volume of two ovaries. Data collection site was out patient department of Radiology DHQ Teaching Hospital, D.I.Khan. Demographic variable were age groups and presence of fertility. Research variable was ovarian volume. Mean and standard deviation were calculated for ovarian volume whereas frequency and percentages were calculated for age groups and presence of fertility. Descriptive statistics along with estimation of parameter was done at 95% confidence interval for proportion and mean. Student- t test was used for significance of difference in ovarian volume between fertile and infertile women with p value
BLOOD PRODUCTS TRANSFUSION DURING 2012-13 IN PESHAWAR, PAKISTAN
Authors: Azeem Rashid , Altaf Nadia , Shah Syed Humayun , Khattack Naeem , Khan Muhammad Tariq Masood , Tahir Muhammad
Published: July 2020

Background: Blood products transfusion has been a major treatment modality especially in critical care settings. The objectives of this study were to determine frequency and distribution of blood products transfusion in public and private health care facilities during 2012-2013 in Peshawar, Pakistan. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional, study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Northwest School of Medicine, Peshawar, Pakistan from 1st January 2012 to 31st December 2013. Sample size was 2,04,942 blood products transfusion, selected through consecutive non probability technique. All allogeneic cases of transfusions in inpatient and emergency were included. A total of six public, one private and two stand-alone blood banks were enrolled into the study. Demographic variable were name of the health care facility, sex and age groups of donors. Research variables were type of blood products transfusion (whole blood, packed red blood cell, fresh frozen plasma, platelets). All variables being categorical were described as count and percentages. Data was analyzed using software SPSS version 23. Results: Out of 2,04,942 units, 1,33,212 (65%) were men and 71,730 (35%) women. Packed red blood cells were the most commonly used component with 80227 units (39.1%), whole blood 77655 units (37.8%), Fresh frozen plasma 35932 units (17.5%) and platelets 11128 units (5.6%). Blood products transfusion was 46927 units (22.89%) in 65 years. Conclusion: Modal group was men. Packed red blood cells were the most frequently transfused blood component in hospitals of Peshawar especially Lady reading hospital. Most common age group was 18-40 years. Whole blood still comprises a significant fraction of transfusions which is alarming.
SCREENING: THE CORNERSTONE FOR SECONDARY PREVENTION
Authors: Ahmad Iftikhar
Published: July 2020

Screening test sorts out from apparently healthy population those who probably have the disease or risk factor. Screening test is quick, less accurate, inexpensive and simple to be conducted by technicians, thereby saving doctors time who only interprets the test. Those confirmed by the diagnostic test as cases are given treatment to alter the natural history of disease. This case detection as a result of screening is called prescriptive screening which is superior from case finding where the people are the health care seekers. Also it is different from prospective screening done to protect local population from immigrants having disease. Selective screening in high risk population gives better yield than mass screening. Screening is helpful in education and awareness of general public about diseases and also helps in epidemiological research by cross-sectional and longitudinal surveys. Screening is the main tool in the hands of epidemiologist to detect tuberculosis, diabetes, hypertension, cancer like chronic diseases presenting in community as ‘tip of the ice-berg’. Screening is helpful only in diseases of public health importance having increase prevalence and having time lag between onset and time of diagnosis (latent or asymptomatic period). Diseases must have known natural history, with availability of screening test, diagnostic test and treatment along with resources for sustained care. Also there must be available a clear policy of treatment. There must be good evidence that screening decreases morbidity and mortality of disease along with cost benefit analysis. Screening test must be acceptable for community participation, repeatable (reliable/ precise) like height and weight & not like BP measurement, which has all three sources of errors (intra/ inter observer, subject and technical). The screening test must be valid (accurate) having high sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value. High sensitivity means increase number of true positive and decreased false negative to avoid false assurance to the patients specially having lethal diseases like cancer versus diabetes which requires less sensitive and highly specific test. High specificity means increased true negative and decreased false positive to keep the image of screening program high as fewer anxious people will require confirming the diagnosis and our diagnostic system will not be overburdened. Sensitivity and specificity are inversely related. Those actually deserving should be screened instead of volunteers. Participants need to be explained the possibility of false positive and false negative. To evaluate screening programs at the place where these are going on, case control, uncontrolled trials and RCTs may be conducted. The response rate is 50 to 60 percent in developed countries. The screening must be done in high risk groups instead of mass level screening for high yield with high predictive value of positive and negative screening test. Screening must be integrated into health care services.
ATTRIBUTES BASED POSITIONING
Authors: Napitupulu Runggu Besmandala , Sibarani Marion , Ria Chainar Elly
Published: July 2020

The study aims at finding out the main attributes in the development of the Darma Agung University and finding the closest competitor of Darma Agung University. The problem of this study is: How is the position of Darma Agung University in competing with other private universities in Medan? Research respondents were 500 people spread over 5 universities. The analysis technique used is descriptive quantitative and multi-dimensional scale correspondenindice analysis. The research findings are: The characteristics of respondents from Darma Agung University are different with the University of Dharmawangsa Medan, but similar to the those from the University of Medan Area, Pembangunan Panca Budi University, and Tjuk Nyak Dhien University; The most desirable attributes by the community from the University are the rating of study program accreditation and the ability of lecturers in teaching; Attributes in five universities are seen as similar, namely: Completeness of books in the library and the convenience of laboratory space; The attributes in the five universities that are considered to have the highest dissimilarity are: Parking area, lecturers’teaching ability, classroom comfort, and openness in governance; Darma Agung University and Pembangunan Panca Budi Medan University are seen similarly by the community (both in quadrant II) on the spatial map; Darma Agung University is viewed by unequal communities (in a different quadrant) on a spatial map with three other universities (Tjut Nyak Dhien University, Medan Area University, and Dharmawangsa University Medan).
ANALISIS YURIDIS BATALNYA PERJANJIAN PRA- NIKAH DALAM PERKAWINAN CAMPURAN
Authors: Sembiring Ayu Natashasia , Sinaga Agus Kristianto , Hariandja Satria Braja
Published: July 2020

Mixed marriages according to Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning marriage are marriages between Indonesian citizens and foreign nationals (Article 57). Because of different nationalities, the laws applied to them are also different. Marriage Law does not expressly regulate the legal consequences arising from Mixed marriages. According to the Marriage Law of citizenship which is obtained as a marriage result, marital disturbances determine the applicable law, about public law and civil law.This research is a normative legal research that is prescriptive with a legislative approach and a conceptual approach. The sources and types of legal materials used are primary legal materials that are supported by secondary legal materials. Pre-Marriage Agreement Research Results is not implemented in good faith by each party that makes a prenuptial agreement so that it is null and void.
PENGARUH SALURAN DISTRIBUSI DAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN PRODUK ALAT KESEHATAN MEREK OMRON PADA PT. SUMBER MEDIKA INDONESIA MEDAN (DISTRIBUTOR ALAT KESEHATAN)
Authors: Wijaya Felicia , Andy Andy , Vincent Vincent , Steven Steven , Harahap Rahmat Alamsyah
Published: July 2020

This research aims at finding the effect of (1) distribution channels for purchasing decisions, (2) service quality for purchasing decisions, (3) distribution channels and service quality on purchasing decisions. The research method is a quantitative approach, a type of quantitative descriptive research in which it is explanatory research. Techniques of collecting data are by having interview, questionnaire and documentation study. Data analysis method is multiple linear regressions by testing the classical assumptions of normality, multicollinearity and heteroscedasticity. The population of this research is 232 customers, samples were taken by simple random sampling, as many as 147 customers and 30 customers were tested both validity and reliability. Research findings show that simultaneous distribution channels and service quality (Test F) have a positive effect on purchasing decisions with a value of 18,568. Partially (Test t) distribution channels have a positive and significant effect with a value of 2.802 and service quality has a positive and significant effect with a value of 2.963 on purchasing decisions. The test results of the coefficient of determination (R Square) obtained Adjusted R Square of 0.194 means that the distribution channels and service quality affect the purchasing decisions with a percentage level of 19.4% while the remaining 80.6% are other factors that were not examined by researcher.
PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN MENULIS TEKS BERITA DENGAN MODEL KOOPERATIF JIGSAW PADA SISWAKELAS VIII-B SMP NEGERI 1 PANCURBATU
Authors: Hutasoit Ester , Purwanto Petrus , Waruw Ermina
Published: July 2020

The ability in writing news text is a competence that must be achieved in KD 4.2 that present information data in the form of oral and written news considering the structure, elements and language. The purpose of the study is to improve news text writing skills by using the cooperative jigsaw model for students in class VIII-B of Pancurbatu 1 Public Middle School. Research method used is Classroom Action Research (CAR). Based on the results of class action research that has been carried out in 2 cycles, it can be seen from the activities of students in the learning process that their achievement was increasing in each cycle. In the first cycle the completeness of the test is 42,3%. In cycle II it has increased, namely classical completeness as many as 84,61%. So, it can be concluded that the increase in classical completeness is 42.31%. Based on the results of class action research, using the two cycles with the cooperative jigsaw model, can improve news writing skills for students of class VIII-B of SMP Negeri 1 Pancurbatu Academic Year 2018/2019
REVITALISASI NILAI-NILAI KEARIFAN LOKAL MASYARAKAT HUKUM ADAT BATAK TOBA DALAM MELINDUNGI EKSISTENSI DANAU TOBA DI MATA DUNIA (KAJIAN HUKUM PROGRESIF)
Authors: Lubis Muhammad Ansori
Published: July 2020

Adat adalah sebuah sistem yang mengatur kehidupan manusia. Masalah dalam penelitian ini dibagi kedalam tiga bagian, yaitu 1. Bagaimana Hubungan Nilai-Nilai kearifan Lokal masyarakat Hukum Adat 2. Batak Toba dalam melindungi kawasan Danau Toba? 3. Mengapa diperlukan revitalisasi nilai-nilai kearifan lokal kedalam Pembentukan Peraturan Hukum terkait perlindungan kawasan Danau Toba? Penelitian ini memberikan hasil bahwa hukum yang resposif diperlukan, aturan yang tidak tumpang tindih, koheren, dan konsistensi menjadi salah satu cara untuk memperbaiki kawasan Danau Toba dari jalur regulasinya. Pembentukan hukum yang memasukan nilai-nilai kearifan masyarakat merupakan perwujudan dari hukum yang responsive dan progresif untuk membentuk aturan yang memiliki nilai kepastian hukum, keadilan dan kemanfaatan. Penegakan hukum juga diperlukan bagi setiap tindakan masyarakat atau oknum tertentu yang melakukan pencemaran lingkungan agar menjadi contoh bagi masyarakat lain untuk tidak melakukan tindakan pencemaran.
STUDI PENYEBAB TERJADINYA LONGSOR PADA JALAN PROVINSI LINTAS SIPAHUTAR-PANGARIBUAN DESA SIABAL-ABAL II
Authors: Debataraja Semangat Marudut Tua , Pardede Jubel
Published: July 2020

The problem of the level of influence of soil carrying capacity is one of the things needed to be considered in a planning and work of a civil construction. This is because the soil serves as a medium that withstands the load or action of the construction built on it. Stabilization using sand materials is one way to meet the necessary power requirements. Weather and temperature changes in the field are factors making the ground unstable. Type of stabilized soil is silt originating from jl.Pancasila Batangkuis Regency Deliserdang. This research was conducted using mixed sand with mixed variations of 25%, 40%, 55% and 65%. Then, DST testing and Index properties were done for each sample. Based on the results of this test the soil obtained classification According to AASHTO criteria that is that this land including silt land or with a general assessment as the soil very well up to very well. This is because the plasticity (PI) of the soil sample is 8.69 <10% (max 10) and the plastic limit (PL) is 19.18% <30% and (LL) 27.87% <40% so it is included in group A-2 -4. According to the criteria of USCS (1982), based on the results of the test, soil classification obtained is a type of soil sand (LL) 8.69% <50% so it includes the ML cohort. The increase of soil bearing capacity based on test results by modeling with square foundation is as follows: Original soil qu = 6.46 t / m², Sand Supplement 25% = 6,665 t / m², Sand Supplement 40% = 9,888 t / m², Sand Supplement 55 % = 12,231 t / m², Sand Supplement 65% = 12,273 t / m² and for the foundation of path shape are: Original soil qu = 5,140 t / m², Sand Supplement 25% = 5,175 t / m², Sand Supplement 40% = 7,776 t / m², Sand Supplement 55% = 9,918 t / m², Sand Additional 65% = 14,870 t / m². The more variation of the added sand mixture results in decreasing moisture content which will make the soil carrying capacity increase.
PENERAPAN SANKSI PIDANA TERHADAP PELAKU TINDAK PIDANA KEKERASAN SEKSUAL TERHADAP ANAK
Authors: Suryandi Dody , Hutabarat Nike , Pamungkas Hartono
Published: July 2020

Every child who is a victim in a crime of sexual violence or rape, at the trial stage the child victim must be a witness. The victim must repeat the story or incident that he experienced before the panel of judges, prosecutors of the defendant's lawyer and the defendant himself. The victim must not be positioned in a depressed state, both physically and psychologically. When the victim becomes a witness, the victim is treated as well as possible, in the sense that he must not be feared by outsiders both psychologically and psychologically