bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Financial Situation of College Students
Authors: Yaşar Onur Mutlu , Turgut Murat
Published: February 2020

The aim of the study was to determine the financial well-being of university students in sports education according to their gender, age, grade/class, education department and residence (place to live). Total 654 college studentsn (M, age=21.08 ± 1.25) participated in the study. The study designed as a descriptive study and the Turkish version of Financial Well Being used as the data-gathering tool. In the evaluation of data independent samples t-test and one-way ANOVA statistical methods used as the hypothesis tests. According to the study findings, financial situation of university students in the research is a bad level. However, although there was no statistically significant difference in the gender variable, the financial status perceptions of the female participants were found to be worse than the male participants. Also as a result of the analyses, no statistically significant difference was determined according to the variable of department. According to the results of the study, it was found that financial well-being decreased with age. According to the results of the research, it was found that the financial well-being decreased as the grade level increased. In addition, it was found that the financial situation of the participants living in the student house was worse than the other group participants.
Factors Associated With Orthopaedic Resident Burnout: A Pilot Study
Authors: Driesman Adam S. , Strauss Eric J. , Konda Sanjit R. , Egol Kenneth A.
Published: February 2020

Introduction:

Burnout is an occupational hazard for physicians at all stages of training and medical practice. The purpose of the current study was to determine whether residency factors, with the use of an activity monitor, including the amount of exercise, have any impact on burnout among orthopaedic surgery residents in varying years of training.

Methods:

Orthopaedic residents at a single institution were recruited immediately before beginning a new clinical rotation and followed for four weeks. On enrollment, the participants were given a wrist-worn activity monitor (Fitbit Flex) and instructed on its use for tracking physical activity. REDCap was used to collect burnout levels (as assessed by using the Maslach Burnout Inventory and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9), which were completed a total of five times, once at enrollment and weekly during the study period.

Results:

Twenty-seven residents were enrolled, including 13 junior residents (interns and second years) and 14 senior residents (third, fourth, and fifth years). Seven residents were on fracture rotations, whereas 20 were not. As measured by using the Maslach Burnout Inventory, juniors were more emotionally exhausted (P = 0.01) and depersonalized (P = 0.027). No difference in the objective physical activity data as measured by using the Fitbit Flex and no difference in the self-reported hours of sleep were observed. Residents on orthopaedic trauma rotations also reported significantly higher rates of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization (P < 0.001) than other residents and were more physically active on average (P < 0.030).

Discussion:

Although depersonalization and depression are common symptoms seen among orthopaedic surgery residents, this study demonstrated that quality of life improves markedly as they progress through their residency training. Residents on orthopedic trauma rotations have greater levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. This pilot study suggests that burnout prevention programs should begin at the start of training to provide residents with strategies to combat and then reinforced while on orthopaedic trauma rotations.

Level of Evidence:

Level III Diagnostic Study
Factors Driving Customer Satisfaction at Shopping Mall Food Courts
Authors: Mahin Maram A. , Adeinat Iman M.
Published: February 2020

In the service industry, when providers generate a high level of customer satisfaction, they can gain and maintain a major competitive advantage in the marketplace. This competitive advantage can, in turn, lead directly to high profitability and growth. In the present competitive consumer landscape, world, shopping malls must deliver high-quality service to customers given that as a service ecosystem the mall must optimize its own resources and the resources of others to improve both its own circumstances and those of others. Against this general background, in this study, we assess the quality attributes of a food court located in a shopping mall by identifying factors related to the shopping mall—ambience, food variety, convenience, the tenants in the food court, food quality, food price, and restaurant staff. A descriptive analysis and a multivariate analysis, including structural equation modeling, are performed using IBM SPSS and AMOS statistical software. The results of the factor analysis indicate that food quality, followed by convenience and food variety, is the most important factor driving customer satisfaction. The results highlight the importance of networks between different stakeholders in such an ecosystem and provide developers and service providers with information in regard to the attributes most implicated in predicting customer satisfaction in a food court. On this basis, customers are viewed not only as evaluators but also as partners in producing service.
Impacts of Consumer Ethnocentrism on Purchasing Intention of Electric Vehicles: A Case Study of Henan Province, China
Authors: Guo Xian , Bunchapattanasakda Chanchai
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between antecedents and consumer ethnocentric tendency on electric car purchasing in Henan province, China. This is a quantitative research paper, the data collected through a semi-structured survey questionnaire from 422 electric car owners in Henan province, China. One-way ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation coefficient were employed to test data variables and to test the hypothesis. This study concludes that a significant relationship between consumer ethnocentrism and socio-psychological (patriotism; correlation), demographics (age; income level), as well as purchasing intention on electric vehicles.
INFLATION AND UNEMPLOYMENT RELATIONSHIP: A DYNAMIC REPORT OF NIGERIA AND MEXICO IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF PHILLIPS CURVE FROM 1991-2016
Authors: Irewole Oluwasefunmi Eunice
Published: February 2020

This research study investigated the relationship between unemployment and inflation in Nigeria and Mexico from 1991-2016. Secondary data were used to gather data from the World Bank database, Central Bank of Nigeria and Bank of Mexico. In order to determine the set objective, OLS and simple regression analysis of the econometric model were used. The models specified inflation as function unemployment, money supply % GDP, total Gross Formation Products. Based on the above test carried out, the study finds out that: Inflation significantly has little impact on unemployment in Nigeria both in the long – run and short – run within the period under review. In Mexico, there is actually no significant relationship between unemployment and inflation because when inflation is high, unemployment in Mexico is also high. The study shows that investors have an inverse relationship with unemployment in Mexico. There is also an inverse relationship between inflation and GDP in Mexico and Nigeria. And in regard to the findings above the study recommends that the government should use discretionary policy that would reduce unemployment by boosting the level of investment and maintaining stability in the money sup-ply as it had a positive impact on Inflation in the long run. Friedman is of the view that the increase in government spending and the rate at which economy borrows, the higher the inflation.
IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRIES; A STRATEGIC SECTOR FOR TECHNO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND NERVE CENTER FOR INDUSTRILIZATION IN NIGERIA
Authors: Adetula Yomi Vincent , Marindoti Damilola Misturah
Published: February 2020

The Nigerian iron and steel industry established as a basis for industrialization has remained unproductive even as the year 2020 targeted for the country to become one of the world's top 20 economies is barely a few months away. Despite, the boom in the oil sector, the value-added sector is low while the inter-sectoral linkages are weak.
This implies a boom in one activity rarely affects another in the sector, but will rather impact on the foreign economy from where imports were sourced. Nigeria relies mainly on crude oil to the neglect of the iron and steel sector which is a major determinant for the industrialization of any nation. Lack of industrialization and unemployment in Nigeria today which engenders insecurity could be linked to the comatose state of the Nigerian iron and steel industry. Thus, this paper discussed the iron and steel sector as a strategic sector for rapid development and nerve center for industrialization in Nigeria.
THE CONCEPT OF CSR AS ELEMENTS OF BUILDING ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL RELATIONS WITH THE EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE ORGANIZATION (OUTLINE OF THE PROBLEM)
Authors: Wołowiec Tomasz , Szybowski Daniel , Bogacki Sylwester
Published: February 2020

Each economic activity is perceived basically from the point of view of economic success, which is effectiveness (efficiency) and economics (thriftiness). However, this valuation is not complete as each economic activity should also be evaluated from the ethical perspective. It was only a decade ago when business ethics was viewed solely as administrative compliance with legal and internal rules and regulations. Nowadays the situation is completely different as interest in business ethics is no more pure formality but help for entrepreneurs to gain customers’ trust in order to succeed. Like never before, corporations are being asked, encouraged and prodded to improve their business practices to emphasize legal and ethical behavior. Companies, professional firms and individuals alike are being held increasingly accountable for their actions, as demand grows for higher standards of corporate social responsibility naturally but often unexpectedly in a person’s life. For example, some people who steal money from their employers do so because of personal financial difficulties. If they had been able to avoid personal problems, they might also have avoided the temptation to steal.
UNDERSTANDING MIGRATION IN ALBANIA
Authors: Hoxhaj Meleq , Tolica Ermelinda Kordha
Published: February 2020

Migration is a phenomenon that has been present in many countries during their stages of development. Albania as a developing country is still facing migration in recent years. Since this phenomenon has resulted in obvious effects, researchers have dedicated a lot of work in relation to the impact in the countries’ development. The aim of the paper is to analyze the phenomenon of migration in Albania, its characteristics and its effects on the economy. A brief description of the migration stages and the related causes is provided at the beginning. Then, there are some data on migration in Albania today. The paper follows the link of migration with economic development. In short-term migration has a positive effect on the economy, impacts through remittances help alleviate poverty, but in long run, migrants create families in countries where they have migrated, resulting in a decline in remittances.
DETERMINANTS OF POST-HARVEST LOSSES OF ORANGE IN SELECTED LO-CAL GOVERNMENT AREAS OF BENUE STATE
Authors: Doki Naomi Onyeje , Eya Criscent Ike , Tughgba Mnena Franca , Akahi Ogah Gabriel , Ameh Agnes
Published: February 2020

This study examined the determinant of postharvest losses of orange in two Local Government Areas of Benue State. The aim of the study is to identify the most important factor responsible for postharvest losses of oranges in the study area so that proactive steps should be taken in forestalling future losses. The research used primary data from a population of forty respondents (40). Eighteen farmers and twenty-two orange marketers were purposively selected from two Local Government Areas in Benue State using a structured questionnaire. The data were ana-lyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Version 20.0. The data collected were analyzed us-ing logit regression to establish the effect of each of the factors on post-harvest losses in the study areas. The re-sult of the study indicates the following factors; Formal Education, Method of harvesting and Handling showed significant effect (p<0.05) on post-harvest losses. The method of harvesting was 4.698 times more likely to affect post-harvest losses than all the other variables of the study. Results from the second model indicate that factors such as; Packaging, Storage, Handling and Marketer's Experience showed a significant effect on post-harvest losses in the study areas. The study showed that the method of storage was 5.767 times more likely to affect post-harvest losses than all the other variables of the study. The study recommends that scientific approaches like mod-ern harvesting methods, improved storage, and handling facilities should be adopted to reduce post-harvest losses of orange.
INVENTORY MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF LARGE MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN KENYA (A CASE STUDY OF BATA SHOE KENYA PLC)
Authors: Mudimba Michael Antony , Nyawira Jacinta Muthee
Published: February 2020

The study was purposed to determine the effect of Inventory management practices and financial performance in large manufacturing firms in Kenya. The research was conducted with the following four aims: To examine the degree at which inventory management systems influence financial performance; to establish the degree at which inventory planning influences financial performance in large manufacturing firms and to assess the degree at which inventory modeling influences financial performance in large manufacturing firms. Also, the research was directed by Economic Order Quantity, Collaborative Planning, Forecasting and Replenishment Model, Deming Cycle Model, transaction of cost economics (TCE). The findings of the study show that all firms need to adopt inventory management practices so as to enjoy the advantages. Thus, the existence of inventory management practices is one of the ways for attaining improvements in their financial performance.
Moderne Erscheinungsformen des Arbeitskampfes
Authors: Szigetvári Tibor
Published: February 2020

Das Arbeitskampfrecht gehört seit geraumer Zeit wieder zu den kontrovers diskutierten Bereichen des Arbeitsrechts. Anlass sind u.a. neue Arbeitskampfmittel der Arbeitnehmerseite wie Kampagnen oder Betriebsmittelstörungen. Hierzu zählen auch sog. Flashmobs. Der mit ihrer zumindest partiellen Anerkennung durch die Rechtsprechung verbundene Wandel des Arbeitskampfrechts ist Anlass und Gegenstand dieser Arbeit.

Der Verfasser widmet sich den „modernen“ Erscheinungsformen der Arbeitskampfmittel, ihrer Einordnung und ihren Entstehungsursachen. Im Zentrum steht eine kritische Rezeption der hierzu ergangenen Rechtsprechung und Literatur. Insbesondere wird das Risiko einer Entgrenzung des Arbeitskampfrechts durch eine zunehmend permissive Kontrolle des Bundesarbeitsgerichts untersucht. Zudem stellt der Verfasser ein Konzept für die Bewertung von Arbeitskampfmaßnahmen vor.
El diablo está en los detalles
Authors: González de Canales Francisco
Published: February 2020

Explica el paso del autor por la Cátedra Blanca y su relación con su posterior trayectoria en los ámbitos de la divulgación, la academia y la profesión.

It wasn’t even my third week in Barcelona when Carlos asked for a facade section at 1:10 scale of the project idea. That was a surprise. Not only in terms of changing the usual order in the development of the project, but because I came from a context in which the enemy was the mannerism already present since the 70s; in such context, starting the project by the detail seemed highly suspicious to me. I could not understand how going back to detail could make sense in a world that we already recognized as changes and flows in constant circulation. What resistance to it could “the detail” detail ? In this my last career course, my training until then based on diagrams and strategies seemed much more coherent to me, and that other thing seemed to me like a kind of self-absorption in the excessively particular, or worse, as a castling of the architects about themselves and their own ‘styling’ in the face of convulsing times. But the insistence was huge. Carlos repeated as a mantra that what interested him most in architecture were ‘the 3 centimeters’, those in which the materials are found, and he expressed this in the talks with which he presented his work, in the construction visits that we made throughout that year ...In these 20 years since that course, this need for coherence across the different scales of the processes has led a good part of my informational, academic and professional career.
Architecture and Entrepreneurship
Authors: Shumkov Ivan
Published: February 2020

Ivan Shumkov is a New York based entrepreneur, architect, educator and the Founder of Build Academy. Below is a snapshot of a bit of his journey and his work that may be of inspiration to others.

"In this phase of my life, I’m a New York based entrepreneur, architect, educator and the Founder of Build Academy. Below is a snapshot of a bit of my journey and my work that hopefully can be of inspiration to others. Looking back at my journey, I try to connect the dots, see how I got here and where I’m heading. Architecture has the unique capacity to manifest new realities and raise people’s consciousness. It opens so many paths that can make a positive difference in the world if followed thoroughly with passion and perseverance. My life and work maintain a bridge between architecture, entrepreneurship, research, teaching, leadership and social activism. I demonstrate the non-traditional path of an architect and highlight the potential within the realm of architecture. The impact of my work can be seen from the social impact projects that I was involved with, to the thousands of people that he has educated and inspired through my teaching in universities and online. My work as entrepreneur went beyond into starting a global movement for resilient, sustainable, inclusive and conscious communities and cities. I am willing to collaborate with anyone who shares the same passion for discovering the world and making a positive difference into it."
Vivir sin cocina
Authors: Puigjaner Barberà Anna
Published: February 2020

¿Qué ocurriría si eliminásemos la cocina de nuestras casas? Hay algo provocativo y a la vez revelador en el acto de suprimir la cocina del espacio doméstico. El rechazo social generalizado que a menudo produce esa propuesta, nos puede permitir entender lo profundamente arraigadas que se encuentran algunas de nuestras ideas -y afectos- sobre ese espacio doméstico.

There is something provocative and at the same time revealing in the act of eliminating the kitchen from the house. The generalized social refusal that this action often provokes allows us to understand the deep affection and assumptions that this domestic space arouses. Ideologically speaking, the kitchen has had a main role in the historical definition of the idea of home and the family, and subsequently, in the creation of gender biased relationships within the domestic sphere. In that sense, an image has been forged of the kitchen as a space where women could take responsibility for domestic work alone, thanks to factors such as its proper design and adequate arrangement amidst a care-based system of social value, rather than economic gain.The kitchen is where domestic work has progressively lost its economic value and become instead a labor of love, as Silvia Federici names it. Such transformations not only made an entire sector of society (women) economically dependent on others and particular forms of social relations but also, through progressively isolation, lose political agency. But beyond the idea of the kitchen as an apparatus for the perpetuation of clichés, being aware that this type of domesticity is a construction can allow us to understand its reversibility or ability to change. Home values are always in permanent mutation, and today, those which deal with the kitchen are precisely the most capable of radically changing preset gender roles and domestic labor structures.
Les homophones grammaticaux, portrait actuel des occurrences et des taux de réussite chez des élèves de 9 à 12 ans
Authors: Giguère Marie-Hélène , Aldama Rebeca
Published: February 2020

This study aims to describe occurrences of homophone words and frequencies of grammatical homophone errors in 119 free texts of 9 to 12-year-old Quebec students from a list of 22 series of homophones. This analysis made it possible to confirm that grammatical homophones are widely used by students, but that, considering all the possibilities in the different series, they are more successful than we had anticipated. Thus, our results made it possible not only to establish a current portrait of the homophone words spontaneously used by 9 to 12-year-old students in their texts, but also to identify constants in the successes (related to the frequency). Some syntactic contexts were also analyzed to identify priority areas to work on for teachers. Finally, our study identifies areas of vulnerability among students based on three factors: gender, age, and socio-economic background. The discussion concludes with recommendations for teaching grammatical categories.
GET THE ECONOMICS BACK TO THE TRAIL OF MORAL SCIENCE
Authors: Đerić Branko
Published: February 2020

The paper focuses on the function of the market, economic policy and the public in dynamising economic progress and the arguments that support the claim that economics as a science, taken together with economic policy, has lost the attribute of moral science in our conditions. The dynamics of economic growth is not the only relevant macroscopic feature of economic development, although it has received dominant attention today. And that is not everything. Particular attention is drawn to structural, technological and other changes, the re-institutionalization and construction of an appropriate economic order and economic model and, above all, the state and realization of the moral imperatives of contemporary development. In addition to these issues, the paper addresses the challenges, directions and instruments of economic policy in our circumstances, which is of particular relevance to our better future.
MACROECONOMIC STABILITY OF NEW MEMBER STATES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION: FIFTH ENLARGEMENT
Authors: Razić Sanel , Kasumović Merim
Published: February 2020

The historical context of globalization as an organized process, which influenced the majority of national economies linked via international institutional mediators, led to the so called regional economic integration phenomenon. It is interpreted as the efforts of underdeveloped and developing countries to speed up their economic growth and more significantly impact the entire macroeconomic stability by means of some form of regional integration. Nowadays, regional economic integration is one of the pillars for proper functioning of modern economic relations. Experience of developed countries serves as an example to point out that integration processes inevitably contribute to more favorable environment for developing business sector in the countries striving for integration. In the context of global integrations, more frequent forms of regional changes and the establishment of trade blocks come as the consequence as well as the overall need for obtaining trade balance among national economies. Within this context, the European Union is seen as one of the most important regional integration and an imperative in economic, political and cultural segment, as it is the territory with significant economic growth and the region with high living standards.
Setting the right tone
Authors: Casci Tanita , Adams Elizabeth
Published: February 2020

Improving the research culture of an institution may lead to a fairer, more rewarding and successful environment, but how do you start making changes?
Uncertainty in gap filling and estimating the annual sum of carbon dioxide exchange for the desert Tugai forest, Ebinur Lake Basin, Northwest China
Authors: Teng Dexiong , He Xuemin , Wang Jingzhe , Wang Jinlong , Lv Guanghui
Published: February 2020

In most eddy covariance (EC) studies, carbon flux measurements have a high defect rate for a variety of reasons. Obtaining the annual sum of carbon dioxide exchange requires imputation of data gaps with high precision and accuracy. This study used five methods to fill the gaps in carbon flux data and estimate the total annual carbon dioxide exchange of the Tugai forest in the arid desert ecosystem of Ebinur Lake Basin, Northwest China. The Monte Carlo method was used to estimate the random error and bias caused by gap filling. The results revealed that (1) there was a seasonal difference in the friction velocity threshold of nighttime flux, with values in the growing season and non-growing season of 0.12 and 0.10 m/s, respectively; (2) the five gap-filling methods explained 77–84% of the data variability in the fluxes, and the random errors estimated by these methods were characterized by non-normality and leptokurtic heavy tail features, following the Laplacian (or double-exponential) distribution; (3) estimates of the annual sum of carbon dioxide exchange using the five methods at the study site in 2015 ranged from −178.25 to −155.21 g C m−2 year−1, indicating that the Tugai forest in the Ebinur Lake Basin is a net carbon sink. The standard deviation of the total annual carbon dioxide exchange sums estimated by the five different methods ranged from 3.15 to 19.08 g C m−2 year−1, with bias errors ranging from −13.69 to 14.05 g C m−2 year−1. This study provides a theoretical basis for the carbon dioxide exchange and carbon source/sink assessment of the Tugai forest in an arid desert ecosystem. In order to explore the functioning of the Tugai forest at this site, a greater understanding of the underlying ecological mechanisms is necessary.
An Automatic Generation System for Traffic Organization Scheme
Authors: Ren Lijing , Lu Kai , Zhao Zhengxu
Published: February 2020

This paper presents a novel system of generating traffic organization scheme of the work area. In recent years, with the continuous improvement of China’s economic level, the transportation industry is also in rapid development. Due to the characteristics of fast speed, large capacity, safe and comfortable driving, and obvious economic benefits, the highway has become an important part of the transportation system. The highway brings conveniences to people’s travel. However, it is suffering road surface damage and traffic facilities breakage which results from long-term use. The cost of highway maintenance and repair work has been increasing. Previously proposed systems for generating the scheme has problems such as the difficulty of operation and complexity of the formation process for the traffic organization. We have developed an automatic generation system for traffic organization schemes in the operation area which improve the level of maintenance management of highway operation areas. This system can quickly form traffic organization solutions and drawings of traffic organization plan, thus effectively improving the efficiency of highway maintenance management.
Integration ofD2Dwith Edge/Fog Computing
Authors: Zhu Zhaowei , Luo Xiliang , Wang Kunlun , Yang Yang
Published: February 2020

Wireless access points and nearby mobile devices usually possess some available computation and storage resources. In the prospective dense wireless networks, these resources could be sufficiently abundant due to a large number of devices. It is critical to investigate how to efficiently distribute the computation and storage burden of local equipment to nearby devices. The corresponding paradigm, proposed by Cisco, is called fog computing. Fog computing cannot survive without the support of ubiquitous communication, which appeals to high‐speed direct communications provided by device‐to‐device (D2D) techniques. This article will discuss the challenges and solutions in integrating D2D into fog computing.
Endosomal Confinement of Gold Nanospheres, Nanorods, and Nanoraspberries Governs Their Photothermal Identity and Is Beneficial for Cancer Cell Therapy
Authors: Plan Sangnier Anouchka , Van de Walle Aurore , Aufaure Romain , Fradet Magali , Motte Laurence , Guénin Erwann , Lalatonne Yoann , Wilhelm Claire
Published: February 2020

Gold nanoparticles can act as photothermal agents to generate local tumor heating and subsequent depletion upon laser exposure. Herein, photothermal heating of four gold nanoparticles and the resulting induced cancer cell death are systematically assessed, within extra‐ or intracellular localizations. Two state‐of‐the‐art gold nanorods are compared with small nanospheres (single‐core) and nanoraspberries (multicore). Heat generation is measured in water dispersion and in cancer cells, using lasers at wavelengths of 680, 808, and 1064 nm, covering the entire range used in photothermal therapy, defined as near infrared first (NIR‐I) and second (NIR‐II) windows, with NIR‐II offering more tissue penetration. When dispersed in water, gold nanospheres provide no significant heating, gold nanorods are efficient in NIR‐I, and only gold nanoraspberries are still heating in NIR‐II. However, in cells, due to endosomal confinement, all nanoparticles present an absorption red‐shift translating visible and NIR‐I absorbing nanoparticles into effective NIR‐I and NIR‐II nanoheaters, respectively. The gold nanorods then become competitive with the multicore nanoparticles (nanoraspberries) in NIR‐II. Similarly, once in cells, gold nanospheres can be envisaged for NIR‐I heating. Remarkably, nanoraspberries are efficient nanoheaters, whatever the laser applied, and the extra‐ versus intra‐cellular localization demonstrates treatment versatility.
A Cross‐Linked Interconnecting Layer Enabling Reliable and Reproducible Solution‐Processing of Organic Tandem Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Chao , Du Xiaoyan , Gao Shuai , Classen Andrej , Osvet Andres , He Yakun , Mayrhofer Karl , Li Ning , Brabec Christoph J.
Published: February 2020

The performance of tandem organic solar cells (OSCs) is directly related to the functionality and reliability of the interconnecting layer (ICL). However, it is a challenge to develop a fully functional ICL for reliable and reproducible fabrication of solution‐processed tandem OSCs with minimized optical and electrical losses, in particular for being compatible with various state‐of‐the‐art photoactive materials. Although various ICLs have been developed to realize tandem OSCs with impressively high performance, their reliability, reproducibility, and generic applicability are rarely analyzed and reported so far, which restricts the progress and widespread adoption of tandem OSCs. In this work, a robust and fully functional ICL is developed by incorporating a hydrolyzed silane crosslinker, (3‐glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GOPS), into poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), and its functionality for reliable and reproducible fabrication of tandem OSCs based on various photoactive materials is validated. The cross‐linked ICL can successfully protect the bottom active layer against penetration of high boiling point solvents during device fabrication, which widely broadens the solvent selection for processing photoactive materials with high quality and reliability, providing a great opportunity to continuously develop the tandem OSCs towards future large‐scale production and commercialization.
Differences in Gaze Fixation Location and Duration Between Resident and Fellowship Sonographers Interpreting a Focused Assessment With Sonography in Trauma
Authors: Bell Colin R. , Szulewski Adam , Walker Melanie , McKaigney Conor , Ross Graeme , Rang Louise , Newbigging Joseph , Kendall John
Published: February 2020

Objectives

We quantified the gaze fixation duration of resident and fellowship sonographers interpreting a prerecorded focused assessment with sonography in trauma (FAST). We hypothesized that all sonographers would fixate on each relevant anatomic relationship but that the duration of fixation would differ.

Methods

We conducted a cross‐sectional study collecting and analyzing the gaze fixations of a convenience sample of current resident and fellowship sonographers. All sonographers viewed a standardized FAST video, and their gaze fixations were recorded using a Tobii X3‐120 eye‐tracking bar. Gaze fixations over nine anatomic regions of interest (ROIs) were identified. These were assessed for normality and analyzed using the Wilcoxon rank sum test at an alpha of 0.05 and Bonferroni correction p value of <0.0034. The chi‐square test and Pearson’s correlation were performed to assess statistical association.

Results

The gaze fixation recordings of 24 resident and eight fellowship sonographers were suitable for analysis. Fourteen of the 24 resident sonographers viewed all ROIs in the FAST, whereas all eight fellowship sonographers viewed each of the nine relevant ROIs. Five ROIs were identified over which at least one resident sonographer did not have a gaze fixation. No statistically significant difference was identified between groups. Resident sonographers gaze fixated over the left upper quadrant (LUQ) splenorenal interface for a median (interquartile range) of 10.64 (9.73–11.60) seconds. The fellowship group viewed the same ROI for 8.43 (6.64–8.95) seconds (p < 0.003). All participants viewed this ROI. No other ROIs had a statistical difference.

Conclusion

Five ROIs were identified that were not visually interrogated by all resident sonographers. Only 14 of 24 resident sonographers visually interrogated every area in the FAST, whereas all fellowship sonographers interrogated every ROI. A statistically significant difference was found in gaze fixation duration between resident and fellowship sonographers in one ROI. Further study is required for gaze fixation assessment to become a tool for the interpretation component of point‐of‐care ultrasound.
Response of kiwifruit yield and fruit quality to chloride‐containing fertilizers
Authors: Yang Lili , Zhu Zhijun , Zhang Jinshui , Gao Yimin , Wang Xingmei , Liu Gaoyuan , Li Na , Ma Long , Tong Yan‐an
Published: February 2020

A 3‐yr field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of chloride‐containing fertilizer application on the yield and fruit quality of kiwifruit and the distribution of chloride ions (Cl–) in plants and soil. Five chlorine treatments were applied in a 10‐yr‐old kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa ‘Hayward’) orchard: (1) CO(NH2)2 + Ca(H2PO4)2 + K2SO4 (control, 0 kg Cl ha−1); (2) CO(NH2)2 + Ca(H2PO4)2 + 1/2KCl + 1/2K2SO4 (170 kg Cl ha−1); (3) CO(NH2)2 + Ca(H2PO4)2 + KCl (340 kg Cl ha−1); (4) 1/2CO(NH2)2 + 1/2NH4Cl + Ca(H2PO4)2 + KCl (910 kg Cl ha−1); and (5) NH4Cl + Ca(H2PO4)2 + KCl (1480 kg Cl ha−1). In terms of the 3‐yr average (2015–2017), a higher yield of kiwifruit was obtained under chlorine treatments at levels of 170 and 340 kg Cl ha−1, which increased by 18 and 12.5% compared with the control. Despite no significant differences in fruit soluble solids, titratable acid, and soluble sugar contents, all chlorine treatments, especially 910 and 1480 kg Cl ha−1, resulted in less vitamin C content after 3 yr of application compared with the control. Increasing chlorine application increased Cl– concentrations in both the plants and soil; however, maximum concentrations did not exceed the safe concentrations (<20 g kg−1 and < 400 mg kg−1, respectively). In conclusion, applying a restricted amount of chloride‐containing fertilizers (170–340 kg Cl ha−1) could increase kiwifruit yield under the experimental conditions, with no harm to plant leaves or soil.
SCN8Aheterozygous variants are associated with anoxic‐epileptic seizures
Authors: Ranza Emmanuelle , Z'Graggen Werner , Lidgren Mathias , Beghetti Maurice , Guipponi Michel , Antonarakis Stylianos E. , Absoud Michael , Goyal Sushma , Pal Deb K. , Korff Christian M.
Published: February 2020

Anoxic‐epileptic seizures (AES) are rare outcomes of common childhood reflex anoxic syncope that trigger a true epileptic seizure. The term AES was coined by Stephenson in 1983, to differentiate these events from convulsive syncopes and the more common reflex anoxic syncopes. A genetic susceptibility for AES has been postulated; but, its molecular basis has up to now been elusive. We report here two illustrative cases and show the association of de novoSCN8Avariants and AES. One of them had focal or generalized seizures and autonomic symptoms triggered by orthostatism; the second had breath‐holding spells triggered by pain or exercise leading to tonic–clonic seizures; both had repeatedly normal EEGs and a family history of reflex syncope. The data of three additional AES patients further suggest, for the first time, a link betweenSCN8Apathogenic variants and AES. The neurodevelopment of four patients was abnormal. Four of the fiveSCN8Amutations observed here were previously described in patients with seizure disorders. Seizures responded particularly well to sodium channel blockers. Our observation enriches the spectrum of seizures linked withSCN8Apathogenic variants.
Suitability of the woodchuck HCC as a preclinical model for evaluation of intra‐arterial therapies
Authors: Kim Alexander Y. , Yacoub Joseph H. , Field David H. , Park Byoung Uk , Kallakury Bhaskar , Korolowicz Kyle E. , Menne Stephan
Published: February 2020

The most commonly used preclinical models of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are limited for use in testing of intra‐arterial therapies such as transarterial chemoembolization and radioembolization. Issues encountered with the more commonly used animal models include dissimilarity in their disease development compared with humans and the size of the vasculature which can make intra‐arterial therapy testing difficult or impossible. Here we describe the suitability of the woodchuck HCC model for testing of intra‐arterial therapies. We describe the techniques for pre‐embolization imaging assessment using CT and MRI, technical tips on performing angiography and embolization, and pathological assessment of treated liver.
Association of Visceral Adiposity With Pain but Not Structural Osteoarthritis
Authors: Li Shanshan , Schwartz Ann V. , LaValley Michael P. , Wang Na , Desai Nancy , Sun Xianbang , Neogi Tuhina , Nevitt Michael , Lewis Cora E. , Guermazi Ali , Roemer Frank , Segal Neil , Felson David ,   for the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study Group
Published: February 2020

Objective

Osteoarthritis (OA) and pain are both made more severe by low‐grade inflammation. This study was undertaken to examine whether visceral fat, a major source of inflammatory cytokines and adipokines, is associated with an increased risk of knee OA or musculoskeletal pain.

Methods

Subjects in the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study cohort, who were age 50–79 years and had or were at high risk of knee OA, underwent whole‐body dual x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) at baseline. At baseline, 30 months, and 60 months radiographs and magnetic resonance images (MRIs) of the knees were obtained, and patients were asked to score the severity of their knee pain and to identify sites of joint pain using a body homunculus. Baseline DXA scans were used to measure total body fat and visceral and subcutaneous fat in the torso. The association of fat depot size with structural outcomes (incident radiographic OA and cartilage loss and synovitis on MRI) and with pain outcomes (worsening knee pain, number of painful joints, and widespread pain) was assessed. Regression analyses were adjusted for age, sex, race, education level, smoking status, physical activity, body mass index (BMI), and depressive symptoms.

Results

Of the 2,961 participants at baseline, 60.7% were women. The mean age was 62.5 years and mean BMI was 30.5 kg/m2. After adjustment for covariates, no fat measures were associated with any structural outcomes. However, total and visceral, but not subcutaneous, fat were positively associated with worsening knee pain (P = 0.0005 for total fat and P = 0.007 for visceral fat) and widespread pain (P = 0.001 for total fat and P = 0.02 for visceral fat), and the amount of visceral fat was associated with the number of painful joints (P = 0.07).

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that visceral fat is associated with an increased risk of musculoskeletal and widespread pain.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative ortho‐C(sp2)−H Aroylation of N‐Sulfoximine Benzamides at Room Temperature
Authors: Das Prasenjit , Biswas Promita , Guin Joyram
Published: February 2020

A palladium‐catalyzed method for the decarboxylative ortho C−H acylation of N‐sulfoximine benzamides is developed at room temperature. The catalytic method enables easy access to various functionalized 2‐aroylaromatic carboxylic acid derivatives in good isolated yields. Based on our mechanistic studies, a Pd(II)/Pd(IV) catalytic cycle that involves aroyl radical intermediate is proposed for the reaction.
Preparations, Structures and Luminescence Properties of Penta‐rare‐earth Incorporated Tetravacant Dawson Selenotungstates and Their Ho3+/Tm3+ Co‐doped Derivatives
Authors: Zhang Yan , Liu Yi‐Fan , Xu Xin , Chen Li‐Juan , Zhao Jun‐Wei
Published: February 2020

A family of penta‐rare‐earth incorporated tetravacant Dawson selenotungstates [H2N(CH3)2]10H3[SeO4RE5(H2O)7(Se2W14O52)2] ⋅ 40H2O [RE=Ho3+ (1), Er3+ (2), Tm3+ (3), Tb3+ (4)] were synthesized. It should be noted that a penta‐RE [SeO4RE5(H2O)7]11+ central core connecting two tetra‐vacant Dawson‐type [Se2W14O52]12− subunits generates a dimeric assembly of [SeO4RE5 (H2O)7(Se2W14O52)2]13− in the structures of 1–4. Meanwhile, a class of Ho3+/Tm3+ co‐doped derivatives based on 1 with a Ho3+/Tm3+ molar ratio of 0.75:0.25–0.25:0.75 were also prepared and characterized by energy‐dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analyses. Moreover, their luminescence properties were systematically investigated, which indicate that Tm3+ ions can sensitize the emission of Ho3+ ions in the visible region and prolong the fluorescence lifetime of Ho3+ ions to some extent. Energy transfer from Tm3+ ions to Ho3+ ions was probed by time‐resolved emission spectroscopy (TRES), and the CIE 1931 diagram has been applied to evaluate all possible luminescence colors.
Ein Gruß aus der Vergangenheit
Authors: Kahn Julian‐Niklas , Walz Marcus
Published: February 2020

Die Instandsetzungsarbeiten in der Tiefgarage am Hofgarten in Bonn stellten das ausführende Unternehmen, die Ed. Züblin AG, Direktion Bauwerkserhaltung, vor besondere Herausforderungen. Neben einer umfangreichen Betoninstandsetzung der Tiefgaragenkonstruktion galt es den Rohbau für eine bis dato nicht vorhandene Aufzugsanlage zu realisieren. Im Zuge von Ausschachtungsarbeiten für die Rohbauerstellung wurden historische Mauerwerksüberreste im Boden vorgefunden. Es stellte sich heraus, dass es sich bei den Funden um Überreste der alten Stadtmauer Bonns handelt. Im Folgenden galt es die Fragmente der Stadtmauer in den Rohbau für die neue Aufzugsanlage zu integrieren und für den späteren Publikumsverkehr sichtbar zu machen. Dies brachte zahlreiche planerische sowie bauausführungstechnische Änderungen mit sich, die im Verlauf der Baumaßnahme erfolgreich umgesetzt werden konnten.
Detection and destruction of HER2‐positive cancer cells by Ultra Quenchbody‐siRNA complex
Authors: Dong Jinhua , Oka Yuya , Jeong Hee‐Jin , Ohmuro‐Matsuyama Yuki , Ueda Hiroshi
Published: February 2020

Ultra Quenchbody (UQ‐body) is a biosensor that utilizes the quenching behavior of the fluorescent dye linked to the antibody V region. When the corresponding antigen is bound to the UQ‐body, the fluorescence is restored and allows the detection of target molecules easily and sensitively. In this paper, we constructed UQ‐bodies to sensitively detect the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) cancer marker in solution or on cancer cells, which was further used to kill the cancer cells. A synthetic Fab fragment of anti‐HER2 antibody Fab37 with many Trp residues at hypervariable region was prepared and labeled with fluorescent dyes to obtain the UQ‐bodies. The UQ‐body could detect HER2 in solution at concentrations as low as 20 pM with an EC50 of 0.3 nM with a fourfold response. Fluorescence imaging of HER2‐positive cells was successfully performed without any washing steps. To deliver small interfering RNA (siRNA) to cancer cells, a modified UQ‐body with C‐terminal 9R sequence was also prepared. HER2‐positive cancer cells were effectively killed by polo‐like kinase 1 siRNA intracellularly delivered by the UQ‐body‐9R. The novel approach employing siRNA‐empowered UQ‐body could detect and image the HER2 antigen easily and sensitively, and effectively kill the HER2‐positive cancer cells.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Primary and Secondary β‐Fluoro‐arylamines using Reductive Aminases from Fungi
Authors: González‐Martínez Daniel , Cuetos Aníbal , Sharma Mahima , García‐Ramos Marina , Lavandera Iván , Gotor‐Fernández Vicente , Grogan Gideon
Published: February 2020

The synthesis of chiral amines is of central importance to pharmaceutical chemistry, and the inclusion of fluorine atoms in drug molecules can both increase potency and slow metabolism. Optically enriched β‐fluoroamines can be obtained by the kinetic resolution of racemic amines using amine transaminases (ATAs), but yields are limited to 50 %, and also secondary amines are not accessible. In order to overcome these limitations, we have applied NADPH‐dependent reductive aminase enzymes (RedAms) from fungal species to the reductive amination of α‐fluoroacetophenones with ammonia, methylamine and allylamine as donors, to yield β‐fluoro primary or secondary amines with >90 % conversion and between 85 and 99 % ee. In addition, the effect of the progressive introduction of fluorine atoms to the α‐position of the acetophenone substrate reveals the effect of mono‐, di‐ and tri‐fluorination on the proportion of amine and alcohol in product mixtures, shedding light on the promiscuous ability of imine reductase (IRED)‐type dehydrogenases to reduce fluorinated acetophenones to alcohols.
Structural Origins of the Enhancement in Ionic Conductivity of a Chalcogenide Compound by Adding AgI
Authors: Qiao Wanchun , Qiao Ang , Tao Yunhang , Gu Shaoxuan , Yue Yuanzheng , Tao Haizheng
Published: February 2020

Through a chemo‐mechanical milling process, we prepared a highly conductive (1.1×10−3 S ⋅ cm−1) amorphous 0.5AgI ⋅ 0.5 Ag3PS4 conductor, which is much higher than that of pure amorphous Ag3PS4 (8.5×10−4 S ⋅ cm−1). Detailed structural characterizations indicate that compared to the ionic conductivity of the amorphous Ag3PS4 conductor, the enhancement can be ascribed to the formation of mixed polymeric anions {[PS4]mIn} around Ag+ ions. Through heat‐treatment at 370 °C for 20 minutes, the room temperature ionic conductivity of the 0.5AgI ⋅ 0.5 Ag3PS4 conductor is further enhanced by about 4 times. This enhancement can be ascribed to the following two aspects: 1) the existence of residual amorphous phase with higher ionic conductivity; 2) the connection of the fast ionic conductive interfaces between the deposited Ag7PS6 nano‐crystals and the residual amorphous phase. This work reveals the key roles of both disorder and interface in improving the ionic conductivity of solid‐state electrolytes.
Gold Redox Catalysis with a Selenium Cation as a Mild Oxidant
Authors: Wang Jin , Wei Chiyu , Li Xuming , Zhao Pengyi , Shan Chuan , Wojtas Lukasz , Chen Hao , Shi Xiaodong
Published: February 2020

Gold‐catalyzed alkyne and allene diselenations were developed. Excellent regioselectivity (trans) and good to excellent yields were achieved (up to 98 % with 2 % catalyst loading) with a wide range of substrates. Mechanistic investigation revealed the formation of a vinyl gold(I) intermediate followed by an intermolecular selenium cation migration, suggesting that a gold(I/III) redox process was successfully implemented under mild conditions.