bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FIRSTLING-DIGIMAR, a Pilot Scale Digital Twin of a Marine Riser for Field Use
Authors: Kharami E. , Mentzelopoulos A. , Prele E. , Shukla K. , Wang Z. , Bray B. , Cao Q. , Singh A. , Fan D. , Sapsis T. , Triantafyllou M. S. , Karniadakis G. E.
Published: April 2024

We developed and tested in real time FIRSTLING-DIGIMAR, a pilot scale digital twin of a marine riser driven by sparse field measurements. The FIRSTLING consists of hardware and software that includes a reduced order model developed through multi-fidelity methods combining massive field and experimental data, with low- and high-fidelity models, it is driven by real time measurements of a few sensors along the riser, and provides real-time fatigue life predictions with uncertainty quantification.
Deployment and Testing of HMPE Rope for Long-Term Moorings
Authors: Pasternak Jason , Fronzaglia Bill , Garrity Robert , Gilmore Justin , Heyl Caspar
Published: April 2024

The objective of this study and paper is to gain a better understanding of long term HMPE mooring rope performance for permanent facility mooring applications. The study specifically applies to HMPE rope used to moor an FPSO for a duration of 7 years. The HMPE rope was in and on the seabed, connecting the mooring line to the anchor, in this application for long term mooring.

The temporary Serpentina FPSO moorings (2013 - 2019) included an HMPE mooring rope in each of the 9 mooring lines. All ~350 ft length ropes were located at and under the mudline as forerunners to a drop-embedded anchor. The mooring lines were recovered in 2019 and stored quayside in Louisiana until being cut into samples and tested for this project. The HMPE (Dyneema® SK78 fiber) mooring rope underwent the following tests: Full scale MBL testsDissection & visual / MicroCT inspectionFiber testing (comparing used fibers with new fibers, including residual creep testing (ARELIS))

All results indicate that the ropes are suitable for long term use. Two full scale rope MBL tests were performed that indicated the residual rope strength was over the rated average break strength. Inspections indicated an absence of foreign particles within the rope. Fiber testing indicated a sufficient residual creep life for continued deployment in excess of the lives of most LTM systems.

No long-term deployment of HMPE fiber ropes in/on the seabed mooring a permanent facility with subsequent testing has been documented in industry to the knowledge of the authors. The results from this study indicate new potential for mooring components that are not subject to corrosion and allow for enabling anchor technologies to be used in permanent facility, offshore wind/renewables, and other mooring system applications.
Wireless Tubing Hanger Deployment in Deepwater Environment, the Bonga Field Experience
Authors: Ngerebara J. , Alawode O. , Hamzat I.
Published: April 2024

The deployment of Tubing Hangers (TH) in offshore subsea wells is a critical aspect of oil and gas production systems. The Tubing Hanger is a key component in well completion, allowing for the suspension of tubing, communication of hydraulic and electric functions downhole, and sealing the annulus. The installation and retrieval of the Tubing Hanger are typically carried out using a tubular riser within the marine riser and Blow Out Preventer (BOP). The Tubing Hanger Running Assembly (THRA) plays a crucial role in this process, consisting of a Simplified Landing String (SLS) or BOP Spanner Joint and a Tubing Hanger Running/Retrieval Tool (THRT). Traditionally, the control of the THRT and associated downhole functions has been facilitated through a heavy-duty umbilical or Electro-Hydraulic (EH) umbilical, manually clamped to the drill pipe during deployment. However, this setup comes with challenges and requires significant investment in equipment, including an EH Reel with umbilical, a Work Over Control Unit (WCU) or Workover Control System (WOCS), and considerable rig real-estate with multiple resources for operation. The challenges associated with the traditional deployment of the EH umbilical include the need for parallel activities during umbilical handling and clamping to the drill pipe. These activities must be carefully managed to ensure the safety and efficiency of the operation. The large investment in equipment and the complexity of the deployment process highlights the importance of exploring alternative technologies. The paper introduces a new technology that eliminates the need for the EH reel and WCU in the overall setup. This alternative approach aims to address the challenges associated with the traditional deployment of the EH umbilical. However, it's essential to note that, at the time of writing the paper, this new technology had not been deployed in Bonga field, Nigeria. The importance of this paper lies in providing an overview of the specific challenges associated with traditional EH umbilical deployment and introducing a potential solution with the new technology. It serves as a foundation for understanding the limitations of the existing setup and the potential benefits of adopting an alternative approach. The successful implementation of this new technology could potentially streamline operations, reduce costs, and enhance the overall efficiency of Tubing Hanger installation and retrieval in offshore subsea wells.
Industrial Cybersecurity, Process Safety and Human Factors: A Comprehensive 360-Degree Approach
Authors: Vieira P. F. , Hilgert L. P. , Majerowicz I.
Published: April 2024

With Industry 4.0 bringing new digital technologies that add significant value to the Oil and Gas business, such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), cloud computing, remote monitoring and control, and Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), it becomes necessary to revisit the Automation Architecture of the industrial chemical plants to ensure that cybersecurity vulnerabilities in the system are not created that could potentially compromise personal, property, environmental safety and operational availability. To this end, it is essential to have an integrated safety-security vision developed, implemented, and properly monitored.

This article presents an integrated view of three key areas of knowledge that are typically addressed individually: cybersecurity, process safety, and human factors – from the perspective of cybersecurity. It maps the processes at the two cybersecurity interfaces and dives into the IT and OT dimensions during the phases of a project: engineering design, procurement, construction & assembly, commissioning and operation. Finally, it proposes a strategy for implementing this approach in the oil and gas industry and suggests a roadmap to make it practical and useful in the industry.
Anchor Project: Development Planning Approach for Drilling, Completion, and Intervention on 20K Wells
Authors: Stamper S. , Chase T. , Lanceslin D. , Ugah I.
Published: April 2024

The Anchor development plan consists of seven wells tied back to the floating production unit (FPU) from two drill centers. The Wilcox reservoir is at depths of 30,000 - 34,000 ft. true vertical depth (TVD) with initial bottom hole pressure from 23,000 - 27,000 psi. This paper will outline how the Anchor project prepared for a development well campaign using both a 15,000 (15k) psi drillship and new build 20,000 (20k) psi drillship and the approach to develop and lock down the well design early to enable development drilling.

During early project planning, the wells team prepared detailed statement of requirements (SORs) to enable contractors to provide engineered equipment solutions to enable drilling of these deep high-pressure wells at the edge of the subsea extended reach envelope. This early phase work provided the lead time for contractors to qualify and develop new equipment that could be manufactured in time to enable a pre-drill campaign with a 15k drillship as well as prepare for the 20K subsea completion execution.

An early focus on drilling equipment selection and qualification per the Bureau of Safety and Environmental (BSEE) high pressure, high temperature (HPHT) requirements allowed for the equipment to be manufactured and delivered in time to intersect a pre-drill opportunity on an existing 15k drillship in the fleet. This enabled the first two Anchor development wells to be drilled with the 15k psi drillship ahead of the delivery of the 20k psi drillship and FPU. With the arrival of the 20k psi Deepwater Titan drillship, the Anchor Completion and Subsea Well Intervention team enabled the execution of Chevron’s first 20K completion.

Numerous serial number one components were installed in the drilling of the first Anchor development well, and even more will be installed in its completion. The development and qualification of this new 20K wells technology has pushed both Chevron and the industry to new frontiers that were once unreachable and will enable additional 20K projects in the future.

For clarity, the following terms are used throughout this paper. High Pressure High Temperature (HPHT) refers to equipment rated to pressures greater than 15,000 psi and/or temperatures equal to or greater than 350°F. Anchor is a high pressure project under the HPHT category. 20K refers to the Anchor project’s technology development and qualification program.
Marlim and Voador Fields Revitalization Project
Authors: Paula M. T. , Lage D. H. M. , dos Santos A. B. , Pedrosa C. A. , da Silva G. B. , da Fonseca L. H. , Cordeiro M. G. R. , da Costa T. C. , Pereira R. M. A. , Miranda T. A.
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of Marlim and Voador Fields Revitalization Project, highlighting features and main achievements so far in the context of Campos Basin redevelopment. It presents a case study of Marlim and Voador Fields Revitalization Project, which includes two mature fields that were discovered in the 80's, in the east portion of Campos Basin offshore Brazil, located on the north coast of Rio de Janeiro State, around 110 km off Cape São Tomé. The start of oil production and water injection occurred in the 90's. On these fields there are several reservoirs of different lithologies and geologic ages, including post-salt sandstones and pre-salt carbonate. The main purpose of Marlim and Voador fields revitalization is to renew the production systems by means of decommissioning 9 existing platforms and install two new FPSO. Therefore, it is expected to achieve the following goals: to extend fields’ productive life from 2025 to 2048, to reduce production and operating costs, to comply with HSE current regulations, to reduce carbon footprint and to increase recovery factor by 10%. The scope of the revitalization project involves installation of two new chartered FPSO, with 150,000 bpd of oil production total maximum capacity, producing a total of 72 post-salt and 3 pre-salt wells, including 61 re-used and 14 new wells. It includes, also, installation of new subsea facilities encompassing around 660 km of flexible production lines, 15 subsea manifolds and two new gas export pipelines. The first oil production of the project was in 2023, at first with FPSO Anna Nery, and then with FPSO Anita Garibaldi. It is expected to reach the oil production peak of 150,000 bpd, in 2026, when both FPSO will be producing at their plateau maximum capacity. As the first large revitalization project in Brazil, it faced several challenges and it is considered as a pioneer in many areas, what will help future mature fields’ project development.
Geological and Geotechnical Considerations Offshore Wind Infrastructure within the US Gulf of Mexico OCS
Authors: Gudmunson E. K. , Boutte C. J. , Fisher J.
Published: April 2024

Recently, the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) designated wind energy areas (WEAs) within the Gulf of Mexico, including six areas on East Texas and West Louisiana shelves. The objective of this study is to expand upon a previously completed BOEM-funded desktop study and focus on the geological and geotechnical conditions and the engineering constraints for the existing Gulf of Mexico WEAs.

This study focused on compiling public domain geophysical and geotechnical data to evaluate the seafloor and near-seafloor geological and geotechnical conditions relevant to offshore wind within the Texas and Louisiana Gulf of Mexico shelf in areas designated by BOEM as suitable for offshore wind development. Data available from published scientific literature and offshore projects were integrated and evaluated using Geographical Information System (GIS) and seismic interpretation software to identify and map geohazards, seabed and subsurface conditions, and key stratigraphic geotechnical units. Given the data publicly available, investigation for this study is focused primarily on WEAs within the Bay City OCS block of East Texas and the Port Authur OCS block of West Louisiana.

General sediment and subsurface structure vary between the East Texas and West Louisiana portions of the study area. The shallow strata associated with these areas reflect different fluvial and deltaic systems during the most recent glacioeustatic cycle. Both areas contain a thick unit of Pleistocene clay ≥ 65 m thick with interbedded sand units of variable thickness, but often > 20 m. In general, the Texas and Louisiana shelf has been subjected to heavy fluvial incision and deltaic progradation since the last glacial maximum. Based on these and other conditions, the suitability of various foundation concepts are assessed and discussed.
Usefulness of Impulse Oscillometry in Predicting the Severity of Bronchiectasis
Authors: Choi Ji Soo , Kwak Se Hyun , Kim Min Chul , Seol Chang Hwan , Heo Seok-Jae , Kim Sung Ryeol , Lee Eun Hye
Published: April 2024

Background: Bronchiectasis is a chronic respiratory disease that leads to airway inflammation, destruction, and airflow limitation, which reflects its severity. Impulse oscillometry (IOS) is a non-invasive method that uses sound waves to estimate lung function and airway resistance. The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of IOS in predicting the severity of bronchiectasis.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the IOS parameters and clinical characteristics in 145 patients diagnosed with bronchiectasis between March 2020 and May 2021. Disease severity was evaluated using the FACED score, and patients were divided into mild and moderate/severe groups.Results: Forty-four patients (30.3%) were in the moderate/severe group, and 101 (69.7%) were in the mild group. Patients with moderate/severe bronchiectasis had a higher airway resistance at 5 Hz (R5), a higher difference between the resistance at 5 and 20 Hz (R5−R20), a higher resonant frequency (Fres), and a higher area of reactance (AX) than patients with mild bronchiectasis. R5 ≥0.43, resistance at 20 Hz (R20) ≥0.234, R5−R20 ≥28.3, AX ≥1.02, reactance at 5 Hz (X5) ≤−0.238, and Fres ≥20.88 revealed significant univariable relationships with bronchiectasis severity (p<0.05). Among these, only X5 ≤−0.238 exhibited a significant multivariable relationship with bronchiectasis severity (p=0.039). The receiver operating characteristic curve for predicting moderate- to-severe bronchiectasis of FACED score based on IOS parameters exhibited an area under the curve of 0.809.Conclusion: The IOS assessed by the disease severity of FACED score can effectively reflect airway resistance and elasticity in bronchiectasis patients and serve as valuable tools for predicting bronchiectasis severity.
Exploring the Association of Bacterial Coinfections with Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Moon Seong Mi , Cho Hyunkyu , Shin Beomsu
Published: April 2024

Background: Clinical data for bacterial coinfection of the lower respiratory tract in patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) are scarce. This study aims to assess the prevalence of bacterial coinfection and clinical features in NTM-PD patients.Methods: This retrospective study screened 248 patients with NTM-PD who underwent bronchoscopy between July 2020 and July 2022, from whom newly diagnosed NTM-PD patients were analyzed. Bacterial culture using bronchial washing fluid was performed at the time of NTM-PD diagnosis.Results: In the 180 patients (median age 65 years; 68% female), Mycobacterium avium complex (86%) was the most frequent NTM isolated. Bacterial coinfections were detected in 80 (44%) patients. Among them, the most common bacterium was Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=25/80, 31.3%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=20/80, 25%) and Staphylococcus aureus (n=20/80, 25%). Compared with NTM-PD patients without bacterial coinfections, patients with bacterial coinfections showed more frequent extensive lung involvement (33% vs. 1%, p<0.001). Additionally, compared with NTM-PD patients without P. aeruginosa infection, those with P. aeruginosa infection were older (74 years vs. 64 years, p=0.001), had more frequent respiratory symptoms (cough/excessive mucus production 70% vs. 38%, p=0.008; dyspnea 30% vs. 13%, p=0.047), and had extensive lung involvement (60% vs. 9%, p<0.001).Conclusion: Less than half of patients with newly diagnosed NTM-PD had bacterial coinfections, linked to extensive lung involvement. Specifically, P. aeruginosa coinfection was significantly associated with older age, more frequent respiratory symptoms, and extensive lung involvement.
IL-12 Mediates T-bet–Expressing Myeloid Cell–Dependent Host Resistance against Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Schanz Madison L , Bitters Abigail M , Zadeii Kamryn E , Joulani Dana , Chamberlain Angela K , López-Yglesias Américo H
Published: April 2024

To defend against intracellular pathogens such as Toxoplasma gondii, the host generates a robust type 1 immune response. Specifically, host defense against T. gondii is defined by an IL-12–dependent IFN-γ response that is critical for host resistance. Previously, we demonstrated that host resistance is mediated by T-bet–dependent ILC-derived IFN-γ by maintaining IRF8+ conventional type 1 dendritic cells during parasitic infection. Therefore, we hypothesized that innate lymphoid cells are indispensable for host survival. Surprisingly, we observed that T-bet–deficient mice succumb to infection quicker than do mice lacking lymphocytes, suggesting an unknown T-bet-dependent–mediated host defense pathway. Analysis of parasite-mediated inflammatory myeloid cells revealed a novel subpopulation of T-bet+ myeloid cells (TMCs). Our results reveal that TMCs have the largest intracellular parasite burden compared with other professional phagocytes, suggesting they are associated with active killing of T. gondii. Mechanistically, we established that IL-12 is necessary for the induction of inflammatory TMCs during infection and these cells are linked to a role in host survival.
Prima segnalazione di Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky, 1866) (Coleoptera Curculionidae – Scolytinae) in Puglia
Authors: Bari Giuseppe , Tarasco Eustachio , Genchi Vito , Altieri Giambattista Maria
Published: April 2024

Nel presente contributo gli autori segnalano la presenza del coleottero scolitino asiatico Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky, 1866) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) per la prima volta in Puglia, in provincia di Bari, all’interno di un giardino privato sito in agro di Torre a Mare, su un carrubo. Il coleottero Xylosandrus crassiusculus, originario dell’Asia, è un insetto xilofago che ha un impatto significativo sulle piante ospiti, causando danni economici e minacciando la biodiversità ecosistemica. Il suo alto livello di adattabilità ecologica e la capacità di infestare alberi apparentemente sani sollevano preoccupazioni sull’impatto potenziale in nuovi contesti ambientali. Questa segnalazione evidenzia l’importanza di approfondire le indagini ecologiche per comprendere e gestire gli effetti di questa specie invasiva.
Indagine sulla fauna dei macrolepidotteri notturni dell’area faunistica dei rapaci di Acquaformosa (Calabria, Italia meridionale)
Authors: Zucco Giada , La Cava Sara , Rijllo Giuseppe , Rizzo Pierluigi , Scalercio Stefano
Published: April 2024

In questo lavoro si riporta l’elenco dei macrolepidotteri notturni raccolti nel 2019 nei pressi dell’Area Faunistica dei rapaci di Acquaformosa, una struttura ricadente nel Parco Nazionale del Pollino, Calabria. Il monitoraggio è stato effettuato con l’ausilio di una trappola luminosa a LED UV, attivata da giugno a dicembre, grazie alla quale sono state registrate 151 specie. Oltre a macroeteroceri con ampia valenza ecologica come Peribatodes rhomboidaria (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) e Phragmatobia fuliginosa (Linnaeus, 1758), il rinvenimento di alcune specie è connesso alla biologia larvale, come ad esempio Cabera pusaria (Linnaeus, 1758) e Selenia dentaria (Fabricius, 1775) i cui stadi preimmaginali sono legati a foreste miste di latifoglie. Si forniscono nuove segnalazioni dell’endemica Lemonia italiana (Prozorov, Prozorova, Volkova, Yakovlev, Nedoshivina, Pinzari, Pinzari, Scalercio, Bianco, Saldaitis, Hausmann, Revay, Müller, 2022) e di Euplagia quadripunctaria (Poda, 1761), specie di interesse comunitario oggetto di monitoraggi specifici da parte del Parco Nazionale del Pollino.
The Padel phenomenon after the COVID-19: an Italian cross-sectional survey of post-lockdown injuries
Authors: Alito Angelo , Leonardi Giulia , Portaro Simona , Fenga Domenico , Filardi Vincenzo , Bruschetta Antongiulio , Borzelli Daniele , Bonanno Francesco , Sconza Cristiano , Tisano Adriana
Published: April 2024

The impact of COVID-19 on sport and physical activity has been a subject of considerable interest and concern. Padel satisfies the desire for social interaction and a return to sport after a period of inactivity. The aim of this study is to show a correlation between return to sport and related injuries in a population of Padel players. The study was carried out in a survey mode, consisting of a questionnaire with four sections and fifty questions on the biographical data of the individual, lifestyle before and after the pandemic, knowledge and playing level of Padel and injuries. The self-administered online questionnaire was developed and validated by a panel of physiotherapists, orthopaedic surgeons, and physiatrists with experience in clinical practice and/or musculoskeletal research. The study was conducted in a survey mode from a smartphone or computer via a link to a multiple-choice document. The link to the questionnaire was distributed via mailing lists, social media, and chat applications.
Un’etica per la medicina estetica
Authors: Spagnolo Antonio G.
Published: April 2024

Non disponibile.
Antivirals and monoclonal antibody combination therapy in haematological patients in the omicron era
Authors: Vita Serena , Giombini Emanuela , De Marco Patrizia , Rueca Martina , Gruber Cesare Ernesto Maria , Beccacece Alessia , Scorzolini Laura , Mazzotta Valentina , Pinnetti Carmen , Caputi Priscilla , Focosi Daniele , Girardi Enrico , Antinori Andrea , Maggi Fabrizio , D'Abramo Alessandra , Nicastri Emanuele , Spallanzani COVID-19 case Investigation Team
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Im We describe here a single-center case series of 27 IC COVID-19 inpatients (mostly with haematological disorders) treated with a combined therapy based on tixagevimab/cilgavimab (T/C) plus small-molecule antivirals (AV), between April 1 2022 and November 30 2022. 
Keywords: immunocompromised; SARS-CoV-2 infection; monoclonal antibodies; antivirals; persistent infection; viral evolution
Family resilience and caregiver’s well-being across different age groups of children with ADHD in the United States: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Susmarini Dian , Ninh Do Thi , Shin Hyewon
Published: April 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the impact of family resilience on caregiver well-being across various age groups of children diagnosed with ADHD (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder) groups (0–5, 6–11, and 12–17 years).Methods: Utilizing secondary data from the 2022 US National Survey of Child Health, this cross-sectional study involved 2,752 children who were formally diagnosed with ADHD. Statistical analysis included descriptive analysis, Spearman’s rank correlation, chi-square tests, and linear regression, conducted using SPSS version 27.Results: The study revealed a moderate positive correlation (r=.35, p<.001) between family resilience and caregiver well-being. Controlling for covariates, family resilience accounted for 25.2%, 21.1%, and 22.1% of caregiver well-being variance in age groups 0–5, 6–11, and 12–17 years, respectively. Additionally, factors like employment status, family structure, and caregiver age showed varying influences on caregiver well-being across these developmental stages. A consistent pattern emerged across these age groups: unemployment and non-traditional family structures were associated with negative impacts on caregiver well-being, whereas older caregiver age positively influenced well-being.Conclusion: This research underscores the importance of age-specific family resilience strategies to improve caregiver well-being and family interactions in ADHD contexts. Investigating these aspects through qualitative studies across various cultures could deepen our understanding of well-being and inform culturally sensitive interventions.
‘n Skeppende Grensnyweraaar: James Smith (1858-1934) meubelmaker van Noord-Transvaal
Authors: Ternpelhoff Johann
Published: April 2024

No abstract available.
Patterns and Reasons for Junk Food Consumption among Young Adults: A Mixed Methods Study from a Medical College in South India
Authors: Naik Poonam Ramesh , Vineetha S. , Navya Nagendra
Published: April 2024

Background and Aim:

Food item that has little nutritive value, high fat, and sugar content with little to no fiber content is labeled as junk food. The objective of the study is to assess the patterns of consumption of junk food among young adults and to explore the reasons for junk food consumption among young adults.

Materials and Methods:

Mixed method study consisting of quantitative phase involving interviews with 116 students from a Medical College using a semi-structured, validated questionnaire circulated through Google Forms followed by an depth interview of 10 participants for qualitative phase.

Results:

In the study, it was observed that (62.2%) eat junk food during snack time. Students staying with friends (35.3%) consumed more junk food compared to the ones staying with family (13.8%). The most common reasons for junk food consumption were its good taste (77.6%) and (68.1%) convenience. It is observed that maximum consumption of junk food is seen when meeting their friends (70.7%) and on special occasions (61.2%). French fries (69.8%) were the most common junk food consumed although (76.7%) felt that junk food is unhealthy. The qualitative interview also supported the findings that the most common reasons for junk food consumption were craving, inexpensive, taste, and poor taste of hostel food.

Conclusion:

The above study concluded that majority of the students consumed junk food when staying with friends and due to its good taste and convenience and to spend quality time with their family and on special occasions. Participants were aware that junk food is unhealthy but consume it because it is delicious while being pocket friendly.
Perampanel-associated Psychiatric Problems
Authors: Kakunje Anil , Pai Shivanand , Raghavendra S.
Published: April 2024

Perampanel is a noncompetitive α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid glutamate receptor antagonist used in the management of seizure disorder. Management of uncontrolled seizures is a challenging task. Perampanel is a recent antiepileptic which comes with a warning of causing behavioral and psychological adverse effects. Here, the authors report an interesting case where the perampanel was started to control refractory seizures and the person developed severe behavioral disturbances. The condition warranted a psychiatry referral, and the problems subsided after stopping perampanel. Clinicians need to be vigilant about perampanel-associated behavioral and psychiatric problems which can become a serious clinical concern.
To Assess Caregiver Burden of Patients with Dementia: Its Sociodemographic and Clinical Correlates
Authors: Raghuwanshi Vijay , Rastogi Pali , Niranjan Vijay , Maravi Prashant , Pal Virendra S.
Published: April 2024

Background and Aim:

To assess the primary caregiver burden in the patients of dementia. Dementia is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder that refers to a disease process marked by progressive cognitive impairment in clear consciousness. The morbidities associated with dementia accounts for the poor quality of life. Equally affected are caregivers of these patients. The study aims to assess the caregiver burden (CGB) and how the care of these patients affect them. This further includes sociodemographic and clinical features of the caregivers.

Materials and Methods:

The cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2021 to May 2022 in the Department of Psychiatry, MGM medical college, Indore (M.P.) after approval from the institutional ethical committee. The study included 60 patients and 60 caregivers attending Psychiatry outpatient department (OPD). They were assessed using a semi-structured proforma consisting of socio-demographic and clinical variables. Clinical rating scale i.e., burden assessment schedule (BAS) was applied for caregivers and dementia severity rating scale (DSRS) for the patients. Pearson's and Spearman's correlation coefficient was applied with P-value < 0.05 considered as significant.

Result:

The study finds that the mean age of the caregiver is 55.6 ± 10.01 years and that of patient is 69.81± 0.71 years. The mean BAS score is 68.3 ± 11.77. A negative correlation is established between BAS and income of the caregiver and is statistically significant (P < .001), while a positive correlation between BAS and age, number of hospitalization, total duration of illness, and the mean of time spent with the patient during the day and is statistically significant (P < .001). Factors like low income, advancing age, and time spent with the patients in the caregivers had affected the BAS score, and the score was found to be raised. Factors related to the patients affecting the BAS score was total duration of illness and number of hospitalization. Both factors played a key role in the addressed the overall care burden among the caregivers.

Conclusion:

Factors such as low income, advancing age, and time spent with the patients in the caregivers had affected the BAS score, and the score was found to be raised. Factors related to the patients affecting the BAS score was the total duration of illness and number of hospitalization. Both factors played a key role in the addressed the overall care burden among the caregivers.
Out-of-pocket expenditure for antenatal care among women in a tertiary care hospital - A cross-sectional study
Authors: Gupta Sunanda , Lukhmana Shveta , Dhandapani Ghurumourthy , Khokhar Anita , Marwah Sheeba
Published: April 2024

Background:

The government of India has promoted several initiatives to provide support to all women during their pregnancy. Despite this, various studies report out-of-pocket expenditures (OOPEs) amongst antenatal women nationwide.

Aims:

We wanted to assess OOPE amongst antenatal women attending the outdoor patients’ department in a tertiary care hospital in Delhi.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted in 405 antenatal women attending the outdoor patients’ Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi. During outpatient department hours, data were collected through purposive sampling in September 2022 using a self-developed, pre-tested interview schedule.

Results:

Median OOPE during the antenatal period was 5000 (interquartile range: 2350–9003) INR. The highest median cost for OOPE was reported for laboratory investigations, followed by the purchase of medicine(s) and consultation charges (at private facilities). Ninety-six per cent of the participants met OOPEs via salary, wage or pension.

Conclusions:

Our study reported OOPE amongst antenatal women visiting the outdoor patients’ Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics of a tertiary care hospital. A substantial majority of participants were meeting their OOPE through salary, wage or pension. These findings underscore the financial burden faced by individuals during the antenatal period, particularly in accessing essential healthcare services.
Pancreaticoduodenectomy with multivisceral resection: Is it worthwhile? A 10-year experience at a tertiary care centre
Authors: Bhavsar Ruchir , Ray Samrat , Yadav Amitabh , Das Sri Aurobindo Prasad , Mehta Naimish N. , Nundy Samiran
Published: April 2024

Background:

Patients with pancreatic cancer only have a chance of a cure through a curative resection. However, this is not performed in most patients because the tumour is widespread, multivisceral involvement is thought to be incurable, or the procedure is too risky.

Aims:

To evaluate the outcomes of pancreaticoduodenectomy with and without multi-visceral resections in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer, specifically examining short-term outcomes and long-term survival rates. The study seeks to determine if patients who undergo more extensive surgery involving adjacent organs have a survival benefit despite higher operative mortality.

Materials and Methods:

We examined, from our prospectively maintained database, the outcome of patients between 2010 and 2020 who had undergone pancreatectomy for locally advanced lesions that also needed resection of one or more adjacent involved organs and compared their short-term outcome with those who underwent pancreatectomy alone and whether any of them survived years.

Results:

There were a total of 360 patients who underwent Whipple’s pancreaticoduodenectomy (WP) during the study period, of whom 343 patients (95%) had standard procedures and 17 patients (5%) had additional multivisceral resections (MVRs). The colon was the most frequently resected organ in 11 (65%) of the patients who had Whipples pancreaticoduodenectomy with multivisceral (WPMVR) resections. The overall mortality (in-hospital and long-term) was higher in the WPMVR group compared to the WP group (5/17, 30%) versus (22/343, 6%) (P ≤ 0.05), and the morbidity was found to be comparable in both groups: 3 (18%) versus 158 (44%) (P ≤ 0.05). However, of the 12 patients who had undergone WPMVR, to our surprise, seven survived for 5 years.

Conclusions:

Although patients with pancreatic cancer who undergo MVRs have higher operative mortality, a number, albeit small, may have long-term survival.
Comparison of WHO 2006 Growth Standards and Synthetic Indian References in Assessing Growth in Normal Children and Children with Growth-Related Disorders
Authors: Dange Nimisha Shankar , Khadilkar Vaman , Kore Vrushali , Mondkar Shruti , Yewale Sushil , Gondhalekar Ketan , Khadilkar Anuradha V
Published: April 2024

Introduction:

A good screening tool, such as a growth chart, should distinguish between children with normal growth and those with perturbed growth. Suitability of synthetic Indian growth references for diagnosing growth-related disorders for under-five children has not been evaluated. To assess the validity of World Health Organization (WHO) 2006 standards vs synthetic Indian references (2019) (by comparing weight, height, body mass index (BMI), standard deviation scores (SDS) and the composite index of anthropometric failure (CIAF)) in differentiating normal children and children with growth-related disorders.

Methods:

Records of 2188 children (0–60 months) attending a tertiary centre paediatric outpatient department (OPD) were retrospectively studied; 1854 children were healthy and 334 were diagnosed with growth-related disorders as per the European Society for Paediatric Endocrinology (ESPE) classification. The anthropometric parameters converted to Z-scores for weight-for-age (WAZ), height-for-age (HAZ), BMI-for-age (BAZ) and a CIAF were computed using WHO and synthetic charts; Student’s t-test was used for assessing differences and Youden’s index for validity.

Results:

Disease status of children and anthropometric failure on WAZ, HAZ, BAZ and CIAF on both WHO and synthetic charts had a significant association (P-value <0.05). WAZ, HAZ on both charts and CIAF on synthetic chart had a fair to moderate agreement (Kappa statistics) with disease status as per diagnosis (P-value <0.05). The sensitivity and negative predictive value for all anthropometric parameters were higher for synthetic charts.

Conclusion:

Indian charts were more sensitive for diagnosing growth-related disorders from birth to 60 months of age when compared to WHO growth standards.
Burden of Goitre and Urinary Iodine Status among Primary School Children in Kashmir, India—Evidence from a Population-Based Iodine Deficiency Disorder Survey
Authors: Qazi Tanzeela B. , Malik Tazean Z. , Khan S Muhammad Salim , Qurieshi Mariya A. , Pandit Mohammad Iqbal , Haq Inaamul , Dkhar Sabira A. , Bashir Khalid , Chowdri Iqra N. , Nabi Sahila
Published: April 2024

Introduction:

Iodine deficiency is the leading cause of preventable brain damage, with 30% of the world’s population suffering from iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs). The objectives of the study are to estimate the prevalence of goitre among schoolchildren in the age group of 6–12 years, to find out the proportion of households with adequately iodised salt, and to assess the dietary iodine intake by measuring urinary iodine levels in the urine samples of school-going children.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted in four pre-selected districts of the Kashmir division of Jammu and Kashmir in school-going children aged 6 to 12 years. Multi-stage 30 cluster sampling was used to select the study sample. For the selection of 30 clusters in each district, probability proportional to size (PPS) was employed. From each cluster, 90 children were selected. From a sub-sample of children in each district, 540 salt samples and 270 urine samples were also collected.

Results:

A total of 10,800 children aged 6–12 years were examined. Grade I goitre was present in 1382 (12.8%) and 116 (1.07%) which were having Grade II goitre. The weighted prevalence of goitre for four districts was 12.6%, lowest for district Ganderbal and highest for district Shopian. Half of the population in all the districts consumed salt with iodine levels of <15 ppm. Urinary iodine levels <99.9 mg/L were present in 15.7% indicating mild to moderate iodine deficiency.

Conclusion:

Though the present survey showed some decline in the total goitre rate (TGR) from a prevalence of 14.8% in 2017 to 12.6% in 2022, it continues to be a public health problem of mild to moderate intensity in Kashmir. The salt consumed at the household level was inadequately iodised. Hence, efforts in IDD elimination activities need to be scaled up further with emphasis on iodised salt quality control and intensive education at the community level.
A novel truncating mutation in ZNF469 associated with brittle cornea syndrome in an Indian patient
Authors: Manoharan Aarthi , Muthusamy Abishek , Vetriselvan Yogesh , Vengadakrishnan Jakanattane , Polisetty Shivananda , Sambandam Ravikumar
Published: April 2024

Brittle cornea syndrome (BCS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with a dramatic ocular phenotype characterized by corneal fragility and thinning. This report describes a novel zinc finger 469 (ZNF469) gene mutation c.7760G>A in the homozygous state resulting in a premature termination (p. Trp2587Ter) in a 6-year-old boy clinically diagnosed with BCS. The parents, heterozygous carriers of the truncating mutation, were devoid of ophthalmic complications. However, the father had sensorineural deafness. ZNF469 regulates extracellular matrix components affecting fibrillar collagen. In line with previous literature, the present study shows deleterious mutation of ZNF469 underlying BCS.
Peripheral T-cell lymphoma with bilateral ocular involvement
Authors: Karia Janvi , Nowak Victoria , Bansal Ishika , Collord Grace , Cwynarski Kate , Mallon Dermot , Bremner Fion
Published: April 2024

Although most lymphoma subtypes have been reported in the eye,[1] the vast majority of ocular lymphomas are non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) of B-cell type; a small minority (1%–2%) are derived from T-lymphocytes or natural killer cells.[1] Here, we report a rare case of conjunctival peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (PTCL NOS) in a 47-year-old female. Slit-lamp examination showed salmon-colored limbal thickening of the conjunctiva, characteristic of conjunctival lymphoma. This was associated with bone marrow and lymph node involvement. The lymphoma was treated with six cycles of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone (CHOP) chemotherapy, followed by consolidation with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, resulting in durable complete systemic and conjunctival remission at 6 months of follow-up. Conjunctival T-cell lymphoma can present with minimal and nonspecific symptoms, making it imperative for the clinician to consider ocular lymphoma when presented with unexplained conjunctivitis.
A rare case of crystalline deposits over Descemet’s membrane in a suspected case of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
Authors: Sharannya TR , Das Dipankar , Kalita Sangeeta , Bharali Gayatri , Bhattacharjee Harsha
Published: April 2024

Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is a premalignant disorder that can give way to multiple myeloma and related plasma cell disorders. In patients with MGUS, ocular involvement is rare, although several cases of crystalline deposits in the corneal stroma have been reported which may be unilateral or bilateral.[1-4] Along with stromal deposits, corneal involvement may happen with varied presentations making imperative to be differentiated from corneal degenerations and dystrophies. We report a suspected case of MGUS presenting with uniocular involvement in the form of crystalline deposits over Descemet’s membrane, which is an infrequent manifestation of the occult systemic disorder.
An interesting case of orbital tuberculosis with intracranial extension
Authors: Ojha Bal Krishna , Dwivedi Vikas , Kaur Apjit
Published: April 2024

Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic airborne infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is one of the causes of morbidity and mortality in the underdeveloped nations. TB most commonly involves the lungs, but it can affect nearly any tissue in the body, including the orbit. Orbital TB is a rare manifestation even in endemic countries and mostly occurs as part of systemic involvement secondary to pulmonary disease. Exclusive extrapulmonary involvement of the orbit with intracranial extension is very rare; diagnostic dilemma, unique management, and the outcome make our case interesting and worthy of reporting.
Ocular cystinosis – Clinical presentation and review of the literature
Authors: Dhiman Shweta , Mahapatra Santosh K , Parhi Anjalika , Shree Pallavi , Jain Parul
Published: April 2024

Cystinosis is one of the rarest multisystem lysosomal storage disorders characterized by the accumulation of cystine in lysosomes due to a defective CTNS gene. Infantile nephropathic cystinosis (INC) is the most common and severe phenotype. Varied ocular manifestations have been described in the literature, but few are rarely reported. We are documenting those rare findings in three children who were referred from the Pediatric department. As the disease presents with typical ocular features, they can be used as the diagnostic criteria expediting the time of diagnosis and early institution of therapy and this series highlights this fact.
Healed retinal vasculitis in a child with hypofibrinogenemia
Authors: Aguiar Marushka , Agashe Prachi , Doshi Ashish
Published: April 2024

Dysfibrinogenemia is a hematological disorder resulting from a decreased or abnormal level of fibrinogen. We describe a child previously diagnosed with a case of hypofibrinogenemia, whose fundus evaluation revealed evidence of old retinal vasculitis. We describe the need for awareness and timely screening amongst ophthalmologists to prevent visually disabling outcomes.
Exploring Knobloch syndrome: A case series of two Indian families and a review of literature
Authors: Bhatt Darshan , Bhende Muna , Shakeel Areeba , Bhende Pramod , Rao Girish Shiva , Kalaivani Kavitha , Sripriya S
Published: April 2024

This case series describes the clinical features and genetic testing results of four patients from two families affected by Knobloch syndrome (KS). KS is an autosomal recessive collagenopathy characterized by vitreoretinal degeneration, high myopia, retinal detachment, and occipital encephalocele. In addition, a myriad of other ophthalmic and systemic features may be present in the affected individuals. Mutations in the COL18A1 gene are primarily implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease. The phenotypical differences seen in our genetically-proven patients show the clinical heterogeneity of this condition. Diagnosis of KS type-1 was confirmed by genetic analysis in all affected patients. Surgical intervention was done to salvage vision in three patients. This case series highlights the importance of meticulous clinical examination and diagnosis of this rare condition. Genetic counseling and testing are important for suspected patients and for guiding patients on the visual prognosis of the disease.
C3 glomerulopathy associated with peripheral retinal drusen: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Mehta Salil , Bhargava Juhi , Mehta Hemant
Published: April 2024

A 46-year-old female was admitted with complaints of fever and generalized bodily swelling and a working phenotypic diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome. Renal function was mildly impaired. A fundus examination revealed multiple whitish-yellow drusen scattered in the inferior mid-periphery of both eyes with an underlying retinal depigmentation/atrophy. A kidney biopsy was repeated, and the cores were examined. Immunofluorescence staining for IgA, IgM, and IgG was negative, but strongly positive C3 staining was seen in the capillary walls and mesangium. These findings were strongly suggestive of C3 glomerulopathy. The detection of drusen led to the use of the appropriate testing and correct diagnosis. The use of fundus examination may provide diagnostic assistance in cases of unexplained glomerulopathy.
Beginners guide to perform perimetry
Authors: Mansoori Tarannum
Published: April 2024

Background:

Visual field testing is an indispensable part of assessment of glaucoma. Of paramount importance to both the practitioner and the perimetrist is the guidance on how to conduct the test to get the best results and also the interpretation of test results.

Purpose:

To provide procedure instructions useful for operating the Humphrey perimeter and testing the patient by monitoring the live eye monitor.

Synopsis:

Brief overview of how the Humphrey visual field is conducted in an easy to understand manner is presented.

Highlights:

This educational video is a step-by-step guide to prepare and perform Humphrey visual field test with video clips, which would be useful to the practicing ophthalmologist and optometrist, and in training programs.

Video Link:

https://youtu.be/YzEA8lQ9MzQ