bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Creating a driving profile for older adults using GPS devices and naturalistic driving methodology
Authors: Babulal Ganesh M. , Traub Cindy M. , Webb Mollie , Stout Sarah H. , Addison Aaron , Carr David B. , Ott Brian R. , Morris John C. , Roe Catherine M.
Published: September 2016

Background/Objectives: Road tests and driving simulators are most commonly used in research studies and clinical evaluations of older drivers. We adapted an existing, commercial, off-the-shelf, in-vehicle device for naturalistic, longitudinal research to better understand daily driving behavior in older drivers.

Design: The Azuga G2 Tracking DeviceTM was installed in each participant’s vehicle, and we collected data over 5 months (speed, latitude/longitude) every 30-seconds when the vehicle was driven. 

Setting: The Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center at Washington University School of Medicine.

Participants: Five individuals enrolled in a larger, longitudinal study assessing preclinical Alzheimer disease and driving performance.  Participants were aged 65+ years and had normal cognition.

Measurements:  Spatial components included Primary Location(s), Driving Areas, Mean Centers and Unique Destinations.  Temporal components included number of trips taken during different times of the day.  Behavioral components included number of hard braking, speeding and sudden acceleration events.

Methods:  Individual 30-second observations, each comprising one breadcrumb, and trip-level data were collected and analyzed in R and ArcGIS. 

Results: Primary locations were confirmed to be 100% accurate when compared to known addresses.  Based on the locations of the breadcrumbs, we were able to successfully identify frequently visited locations and general travel patterns.  Based on the reported time from the breadcrumbs, we could assess number of trips driven in daylight vs. night.  Data on additional events while driving allowed us to compute the number of adverse driving alerts over the course of the 5-month period.

Conclusions: This pilot study indicated that Driving Profiles for older adults can be created and compared month-to-month or year-to-year, allowing researchers to identify changes in driving patterns that are unavailable in controlled conditions.
Rhythmic entropy as a measure of rhythmic diversity (The example of the Russian iambic tetrameter)
Authors: Dobritsyn Andrei
Published: September 2016

This paper examines the frequencies of the rhythmic forms of the iambic tetrameter in the oeuvre of various Russian poets of the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries. The assumption is that this parameter describes the perceptible peculiarities of rhythm better than the so called stress profile. Entropy is proposed as a measure of rhythmic diversity. Variations of the quantitative value of rhythmic entropy in the works of different poets (or the same poet in different periods of his/her poetic career) are due to the changes in the preference for particular rhythmic forms. It is demonstrated that in the majority of poets the entropy in their early poems is much lower than in their mature period. In order to assess the difference between poetic rhythm and natural language rhythm, the Kullback–Leibler divergence is calculated. It is the divergence of the distribution of rhythmic forms in a particular poem or group of poems from the modelled (language-based or speech-based) distribution of the same forms. It is revealed that in some poets of the 1920s, the poetic rhythm is very close to the “natural” distribution of the rhythmic forms of the iambic tetrameter. It is also shown that the rhythm of stanzaic and text endings differs from the rhythm of a stanza or the entire poem (the endings have a different level of entropy and a different divergence from natural speech).
Cursus in Dante Alighieri’s prose books De vulgari eloquentia, De Monarchia and Convivio
Authors: Mikkel Annika
Published: September 2016

This paper examines the prose rhythm in Dante’s Latin and Italian prose. The samples of Dante’s Latin books De vulgari eloquentia and De Monarchia and the Italian book Convivio are analysed with the purpose of finding the incidence and patterns of prose rhythm. The method used in this paper is comparative-statistical analysis. The rhythm of classic prose was based on the quantity of syllables, while the medieval Latin prose rhythm was based on word stress and called cursus. Although the use of cursus was more popular in Latin prose, it can also be found elsewhere, including Italian prose. The analysis reveals that rhythmical sentences endings have a role in Dante’s prose and that the cursus appear in his Latin works, as well as in his works in vernacular.
SEASONAL FEATURES OF QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENTS WITH ASTHMA WITH OSMOTIC AIRWAY HYPERRESPONSIVENESS
Authors: Перельман  , Perelman Natalya
Published: September 2016

High relative humidity of the air caused by frequent unfavourable weather (fog, flooding, daily fluctuations of temperature) is one of the triggers of bronchial constriction that significantly worsens the course of asthma and leads to the increased number of hospital admission. The people with osmotic airway hyperresponsiveness are expected to have the changes in the quality of life in the seasons of the year with high air humidity. The aim of the research was to reveal the features of general and specific quality of life of patients with osmotic airway hyperresponsiveness in contrast seasons of the year. 65 patients of asthma were examined with the questionnaires of SF-36, AQLQ, HADS. High frequency of anxious depression disorders in patients with osmotic hyperresponsiveness and the suppressive effect of anxiety on the low self-esteem of general and specific quality of life in this group in dry season were found. The dominating influence of high humidity on all aspects of quality of life was shown. In blight and humid period of the year the dependence of the majority of components of general and specific quality of life from each other is neutralized and the influence of anxiety on the self-esteem of health fully disappears.
ECOLOGICAL AND HYGIENIC INVESTIGATION OF THE ADAPTOGENIC HERBAL PRODUCTS TO INCREASE RESISTANCE OF THE ORGANISM TO CONDITIONS OF LOW AND HIGH TEMPERATURES
Authors: Литовченко  , Litovchenko Ekaterina , Коршунова  , Korshunova Natalya , Доровских  , Dorovskikh Vladimir
Published: September 2016

The purpose of this research was to study the possibility of using of food products from a mixture of Hypericum perforatum (HP) and Rhodiola rosea (RR) for the stimulation of the body´s compensatory responses to the conditions of high and low temperatures. Experiments have been conducted on experimental animals (150 white mongrel rats) in accordance with generally accepted methodological approaches. Antioxidant effects in the organism of white rats have been studied at the initiation of the processes of lipid peroxidation by the introduction of carbon tetrachloride. We were determined the products of lipid peroxidation (diene conjugates, hydroperoxides of lipids, malonic dialdehyde) for the evaluation of antioxidant effect in accordance with generally accepted methodological approaches. Researches of cold and heat adaptation reactions of experimental animals have been conducted by using the model of a long cold and heat action with appropriate climatic chambers. It was established experimentally that in doses of 150-300 mg/kg daily of the studied mixture has a strong antioxidant effect in the conditions of cold and heat stress on warm-blooded organism. The research allows to recommend a mixture of HP and RR as а regulator of adaptive reactions of the organism when exposed to low and high temperatures.
FEATURES OF RENAL BLOOD FLOW IN PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE MYELOMA AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF TUMOR PROGRESSION
Authors: Макарова  , Makarova Natalya
Published: September 2016

The features of renal hemodynamics in 90 patients with multiple myeloma (MM) at different stages of tumor progression have been studied. The signs of renal hemodynamics disorder by ultrasound Dopplermetry data are already revealed at the first stages of MM. In the I and IIA stages there were diagnosed the following changes: the increase in average blood flow velocity (Vave) at the level of the interlobular arteries (20%); the reduction of peak systolic velocity (Vmax) at the level of arteries arc (11.4%); the drop of Vmax (24.5%), of Vave (11%), of diastolic velocity (Vmin) by 26% on interlobular arteries; the decrease of Vmin (26%) on segmental and main renal arteries. There was also revealed an increase in the indices of vascular resistance index (IR by 11%, IP by 13%) and main renal arteries (IR by 12%, IP by 16%). Under disease progression in IIIA stage there was: the growth of Vmax (21.5%), Vave (24.9%), Vmin (42.7%) on interlobular arteries; the decrease of Vave (24.8%), Vmin (51.5%) on interlobular renal arteries. The decrease of IR on interlobular arteries (9%) and its increase at the level of segmental and main renal arteries (11%) were diagnosed. The biggest changes in the blood flow by Dopplermetry data were diagnosed in MM patients at chronic renal disease (IІ and IIIB stages): the reduction of speed indicators on interlobular arteries – Vmax (26%), Vave (42%), Vmin (44%); on arc arteries – Vmax (29%), Vave (21%), Vmin (38%); on interlobar arteries – Vmax (30%), Vave (39%), Vmin (46%); on segmental arteries – Vmax (17%), Vave (22%), Vmin (42%); on the main renal artery – Vmax (11%), Vmin (33%). An increase in the indices of vascular resistance was revealed: IR on interlobular arteries (11%), the arc arteries (12%), interlobular arteries (11%), segmental arteries (13%), the main renal arteries (11%); IP on interlobular arteries (13%), the arc arteries (12%), interlobular arteries (13%), segmental arteries (12%), the main renal arteries (12%). These parameters correspond to Doppler criteria of chronic renal insufficiency of compensated stage.
CHANGES IN THE COMPOSITION OF LIPIDS IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION IN THE THIRD TRIMESTER OF PREGNANCY DEPENDING ON ANTIBODY TITERS OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN G
Authors: Ишутина  , Ishutina Nataliya
Published: September 2016

The work was carried out to study the processes of lipid peroxidation, antioxidant defense, the content of phospholipase A2, the main structural phospholipids (phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine and its lizoform) in the peripheral blood of women with reactivation of chronic cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in the III trimester of gestation depending on the titer of IgG antibodies to CMV. The method of random sample was used to select 90 pregnant women. The study group consisted of 60 pregnant women with exacerbation of chronic CMV infection in the third trimester. It was divided into two subgroups: subgroup A (30 women with active CMV infection, the titer of IgG antibodies to CMV was 1:1600); subgroup B (30 women with latent CMV infection, the titer of IgG antibodies to CMV was 1:800). The control group consisted of 30 healthy pregnant women who matched the study group by the period of gestation and age. It was found out that lipid metabolism imbalance in plasma and erythrocytes of the peripheral blood was one of the reasons for progression of the pathological process of CMV infection in pregnant women. Changes in the composition of erythrocyte membrane phospholipids, i.e the reduction of phosphatidylethanolamine by 22% (p<0.001), of phosphatidylcholine by 23% (p<0.001), an increase in the content of lysophosphatidylcholine by 34% (p<0.001), are regarded as membrane destabilizing processes. Their development is caused by uncontrolled free radical reactions leading to the initiation of peroxidation of cell membrane lipid oxidation (the increase in the concentration of TBA-active products by 78% (p<0.001), and the activation of lipolytic enzymes (increased concentration of phospholipase A2 by 60% (p<0.001). These changes occur against the oppression of antioxidant protection (reducing the concentration of α-tocopherol by 26% (p<0.001). The rate of change of lipid metabolism in these structures as manifestations of membrane destructive phenomena depends on the titer of IgG antibodies to CMV and is most pronounced when there is the active form of CMV infection (titer IgG antibodies to CMV is 1:1600). The mentioned pathological processes taken together aggravate the condition of pregnant women with CMV infection and create a favorable background for further progression of the pathological process, which greatly burdens the prenatal period and childbirth. The results obtained allow us to establish the important role of lipid metabolism disorders in the pathogenesis of CMV infection, which can be the basis for the expansion of the diagnostic and therapeutic base for this pathology of pregnant women.
MODERN CONCEPTS OF ESTROGENS ROLE AT PREGNANCY (REVIEW)
Authors: Довжикова  , Dovzhikova Inna , Луценко  , Lutsenko Mikhail
Published: September 2016

The article analyzes the importance of estrogen during pregnancy. The mechanism of hormones effects is summarized. The effect of estrogen on utero-placental blood flow, its necessity to run tissue morphogenesis in placenta and uterus, the impact on other steroid and protein hormones production, stimulating effect on 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase work, regulation of LDL expression are studied. The growth factors that are mediators of estrogen are shown. There was made a conclusion that in early pregnancy estrogens contribute to morphological and functional growth, development and differentiation of placenta and in the second half of pregnancy estrogens stimulate functional maturation. Furthermore, hormones play an important role in the development of lung, kidney, liver, ovarian follicles, fetal bone and promote the formation of different changes in the mother necessary for the maintenance of pregnancy.
Integrative Misunderstanding Law
Authors: Черданцев Александр , CHyerdantsyev Alyeksandr
Published: September 2016

The article proves negative consequences of the refusal of the long-standing characteristics in modern legal consciousness. Analyzes the current state of the Russian legal consciousness. Integrative legal consciousness is criticized. The author substantiates the falseness of attributing the principles of law to the forms of law. This is a typical example of a contravention of the logical law of identity, which has led to the substitution of the term “legal system” to the term “source (form) of law”. According to adherents of integration the complexity of law corresponds to the methodology, which is characterized by multilateralism, omnidirectional (different terminology) approach to the study of law. The author refers to a set of established research methods in the legal field: logical-linguistic (or formal logical), system-structural, concretesociological, axiological, information and cybernetic, mathematics (statistics), psychological, historical and others. and, of course, to the dialectical method with principles of the cognition, which to some extent are specified in the above methods. It is stated that an integrative approach to the law is contrary to the objective, scientific approach. Analyzes errors in the views of the supporters of the concept of integrative legal consciousness. It was concluded that legal science does not require an integrative approach to the law.
Application of Security Deposits under a Different Civil Legal Relationships: Theoretical and Practical Aspects
Authors: Гасников Кирилл , Gasnikov Kirill
Published: September 2016

The author analyzes “a security deposit” as a new named way to enforce the obligations established by the civil legislation of the Russian Federation. Studying of the latest amendments of civil law in the sphere of obligations will determine the actual directions of the further development of contractual security relations. The purpose of the article — based on the study of the doctrine of the Russian civil law, the Concept of development of Russian civil legislation, legislation and court practice to determine the legal nature of the security deposit, its characteristics and differences from other ways of enforcement of the money obligations — forfeit and deposit. Particular attention is paid to the problems of enforcement of security payments as the named ways to enforce the obligations under the preliminary agreements, and also revealed the inconsistency of court practice in this area.
The Doctrine of Private International Law: Heinrich von Cocceji
Authors: Гетьман-Павлова Ирина , Getman-Pavlova Irina
Published: September 2016

The target of this article is to evaluate the theory of Private International Law developed by the German scholar Heinrich von Cocceji in 17th century. The contribution of this scholar to development of PIL doctrine has not yet been studied in Russian literature. The article analyses the Cocceji’s thesis, where he examines the question of conflicts of different national laws and of an applicable law’s determination. To consider these issues, the German scholar uses the methodology of his French and Dutch predecessors — the supporters of the theory of statutes, and thus he argues in line with this theory. The basic difference of Cocceji’s theory from classical theory of statutes is the starting point of his reasoning — he does not attempt to distinguish legal provisions and their scope, and sets the specific connecting factors. This is a very important difference, that explicitly anticipates the approach of the modern legislator to design the choice-of law-rules. In addition, he constructs a separate “action statute”, including not only questions of a form of an act, but also leading to generating of abstract connecting factor for determining the law applicable to the general concept of action. The conclusion of the article is that it is reputed that the main Cocceji’s contribution to the development of the PIL doctrine can be consideration of his assertion that the choice-of lawrules have nature of public law and the basis for solving conflicts of laws is international law — “international consensus of nations”.
Possible Ways of Reforming of the Liability for Violations of the Tax Legislation
Authors: Золотарева Анна , Zolotareva Anna , Киреева Анастасия , Kireeva Anastasiya
Published: September 2016

The article contains the complex analysis of the existing system of the liability for violation of the tax legislation, including the problem of correlation of the tax, administrative and criminal liability for violations of the tax legislation; competition of the jurisdictional bodies, authorized to consider cases on violations of the tax legislation in limited action with prejudice; the shortcomings of the new procedure of bringing to responsibility for the tax offence and the institute of exemption from liability for tax crimes; the ineffectiveness of combating tax crime. According to the analysis the author have made a conclusion that there are systemic problems in the sphere of responsibility for violations of the tax legislation, which cannot be overcome by conservative methods. A radical revising of correlation between various types of responsibility for violation of the tax legislation and creation of a specialized tax justice are required. The article suggests a number of alternative directions for the complex reforming of the tax, administrative and criminal responsibility in the sphere of taxation.
Legal-System Arbitrage and Parent–Subsidiary Capital Structures
Authors: Banerjee Suman , Noe Thomas H.
Published: September 2016

This paper develops a new theory of the capital structure of parent–subsidiary organizations based on legal-system arbitrage: the capital structure of parent–subsidiary organizations is chosen to minimize the agency costs generated by selective renegotiation of claims written on the component legal entities. We show that optimal mixes of parent-subsidiary–level financing minimize the default premia associated with the organization’s overall financing package by equating the marginal enforceability of debt contracts written at the parent and subsidiary levels. The enforceability of creditor claims depends not only on the legal regime but also on the size of the debt claims and the liquidation value of the firm’s assets. Small claims written under a weak creditor rights regime may be more enforceable than large claims written under a regime with strong creditor protection. Thus, all optimal mixes involve some borrowing at the subsidiary level even if the subsidiary legal regime features weaker creditor protection than the parent regime. However, the mix between parent and subsidiary financing tilts toward the regime that features stronger creditor protection.

This paper was accepted by Itay Goldstein, finance.
Can Investment Shocks Explain the Cross Section of Equity Returns?
Authors: Garlappi Lorenzo , Song Zhongzhi
Published: September 2016

Using two macro-based measures and one return-based measure of investment-specific technology (IST) shocks, we find that over the 1964–2012 period, exposure to IST shocks cannot explain cross-sectional return spreads based on book-to-market, momentum, asset growth, net share issues, accrual, and price-to-earnings ratio. Only one of the two macro-based measures can explain a sizable portion of the value premium over the longer 1930–2012 period. We also find that the IST risk premium estimates are sensitive to the sample period, the data frequency, the test assets, and the econometric model specification. Impulse responses of aggregate investment and consumption indicate potential measurement problems in IST proxies, which may contribute to the sensitivity of IST risk premium estimates and the failure of IST shocks to explain cross-sectional returns.

This paper was accepted by Neng Wang, finance.
Finite-Horizon Optimal Multiple Switching with Signed Switching Costs
Authors: Martyr Randall
Published: September 2016

This paper is concerned with optimal switching over multiple modes in continuous time and on a finite horizon. The performance index includes a running reward, terminal reward, and switching costs that can belong to a large class of stochastic processes. Particularly, the switching costs are modelled by right-continuous with left-limits processes that are quasi-left-continuous and can take positive and negative values. We provide sufficient conditions leading to a well known probabilistic representation of the value function for the switching problem in terms of interconnected Snell envelopes. We also prove the existence of an optimal strategy in a suitable class of admissible controls, defined iteratively in terms of the Snell envelope processes.
Growing New Corporate Businesses: From Initiation to Graduation
Authors: Raisch Sebastian , Tushman Michael L.
Published: September 2016

Large companies initiate many new businesses, but few of them reach scale. The ambidexterity literature describes how companies create exploratory businesses, but says little about how they subsequently scale these businesses. The strategy literature uses real option theory to explain the transition to scale, but does not consider the complex relationships between corporate ventures and their parent organizations. By comparing six longitudinal cases of large firms’ new business initiatives, we find that corporate businesses that scale undergo a graduation process in which they meet the varying expectations of multiple organizational resource providers. At the unit level, they convince established core units that the potential value from combining their resources exceeds the cost of cannibalization and internal competition. They do so by initially differentiating themselves to develop distinctive capabilities, but subsequently integrate these capabilities with those of the core units. At the corporate level, the new units demonstrate their value by adding strategic capabilities that complement those of their main organizations. They initially integrate with their corporate parents to ensure resource flows, but then differentiate themselves to develop their own strategic profile. We contribute to the ambidexterity literature by unpacking the triggers, conditions, and interaction patterns that allow exploratory units to scale. We also contribute to the strategy literature by showing the importance of multilevel exchange relationships, complementary resources, time effects, and identity dynamics for corporate decisions on whether, and when, to scale new opportunities.
Relationship violence
Authors: Sullivan Karen
Published: September 2016

Relationship violence not only harms the victims, but also does great damage to children who witness it. And it is a growing problem among young people as well. Karen Sullivan advises
Feedback
Authors: Webb Helen
Published: September 2016

Continuing her series on effective student feedback, Helen Webb uses lessons from her earlier review of research to compile some top tips for teachers
Transiciones laborales en Navarra. Una valoración de la capacidad de integración del empleo
Authors: Zugasti Mutilva Nerea
Published: September 2016

El artículo tiene como objetivo dimensionar el fenómeno de las transformaciones en el empleo de la población ocupada en Navarra, valorando qué suponen en términos de calidad del empleo y planteando un análisis de los itinerarios laborales de las personas que las protagonizan. Se recurre para ello a la Encuesta sobre las Transformaciones del Empleo en Navarra, perteneciente al Observatorio Navarro del Empleo. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto la pérdida de capacidad de integración del empleo en el contexto navarro. Ello queda plasmado, en primer lugar, en los itinerarios descendentes desde posiciones consideradas de ventaja en el mercado de trabajo y, en segundo lugar, en el empeoramiento de las condiciones de trabajo en términos salariales, de duración de la jornada y de carga de trabajo de la población ocupada que ha experimentado transformaciones en el empleo.
Salinity on the germination of seed and index of germination speed of three ornamental species
Authors: Ferraz Marcos Vieira , Franco Claudenir Facincani , Batista Gisele Sales , Pivetta Kathia Fernandes Lopes
Published: September 2016

Salinity is a factor that interferes on seed germination in most species. The objective of this work was to study the effects of different concentrations of NaCl on the emergence and vigor of Petunia x hybrida hort. Vilm E. ex., Torenia fournieri Lind and Tagetes patula L. seedlings. The experimental design was entirely randomized with five treatments (five concentrations of NaCl: zero, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mM) and four replications of 50 seeds, for each species. The seeds were germinated in germitest paper at the alternating temperature of 20-30°C. Emergence (%) and Emergence Rate (ER) were performed daily until 14 days. Salt stress caused negative effects on the emergence and vigor on seedlings of these three ornamentals species.
The influence of product differentiation strategy on operational performance at Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Yunus Amar Muhammad
Published: September 2016

In the last decade, many researchers have conducted studies on the efforts to improve corporate performance through the stimulation of specific business strategy approach. This study aims to analyze the effect of product differentiation strategy on operating performance of the company. The study was conducted on industrial of SMEs in South Sulawesi, Indonesia using a survey method with the sample of 75 respondents. The data were collected through questionnaires, and processed by the method of path analysis. The results show that the strategy of product differentiation (vertical and horizontal) affects the operational performance of industrial of the SMEs significantly and negatively. It has implications such as in the early stages of the implementation of this strategy; the company can issue additional production costs in the form of material costs, and more failing products without being accompanied by an increase in new customers. This study can be continued to further examine the relationship of differentiation strategy implementation and performance of the company involving a moderator variable lag-time and the role of production technology in the research model.
The effect of marketing innovation, market orientation, and social capital on competitive advantage and marketing performance: A study in MSMEs of embroidery Central Java Province
Authors: Handoyo Ag. Sunarno
Published: September 2016

This study deals with marketing innovation, market orientation, and social capital in affecting the competitive advantage and marketing performance in Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) of embroidery in Central Java Province. In this respect, this study tried to test and analyze the effect of marketing innovation, market orienta-tion, and social capital on competitive advantage and marketing performance in Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) of embroidery in Central Java Province. The samples are 150 respondents as the owners of the embroidery business in Central Java Province. The technical analysis used is Structure Equations Modeling with AMOS Software version 22. The results show that: (1) marketing innovation has significant effect on competitive advantage; (2) market orientation has significant effect on competi-tive advantage; (3) social capital has significant effect on competitive advantage; (4) competitive advantage has significant effect on marketing performance; (5) marketing innovation has significant effect on marketing performance; (6) market orientation has significant effect on marketing performance; (7) social capital has no significant effect on marketing performance. The implication of this study is that the MSMEs of embroidery could improve marketing performance by increasing marketing innovation, market orientation, social capital and competitive advantage. This study also shows that competitive advantage is an intervening variable on marketing performance.
The role of organizational commitment and trust on performance management and the implications for the lecturers� performance
Authors: Sanusi Anuar
Published: September 2016

The aim of this research is to examine and analyze the effect of the commitment, trust, and performance management on lecturers performance. It used a survey on 240 respondents of universities selected randomly. Data were analyzed by using path analysis. It shows that that employees trust is affected directly commitment as well as performance management. Performance is affected directly by commitment, and trust as well as employees performance management. Based on those findings it can be concluded that any concern toward, commitment, trust, and employees per-formance management of Private Higher Education in the Kopertis southern Suma-tera region II have an effect on performance employees. Therefore, commitment, and trust, and employees performance management should be put into strategic plan-ning of human resources development in increasing the performance employees of Private Higher Education in the Kopertis southern Sumatera region II, however other variables are necessary to be taken into account properly.
Group support system and explanatory feedback: An experimental study of mitigating halo effect
Authors: Utami Intiyas , Wijono Sutarto
Published: September 2016

Comprehensive assessment potentially leads to halo effect that will affect accuracy of auditors decision-making process. Biased initial audit decision will potentially influence final audit decision. It is there-fore necessary to mitigate halo effect that is the consequence of auditors good impression on clients initial condition. This re-search aims to empirically show that halo effect can be mitigated by explanatory feedback and Group Support System (GSS). The researchers experimentally mani-pulate explanatory feedback and GSS using online web-site. The subjects are stu-dents who have already taken auditing courses. The results show that: 1) explanato-ry feedback can mitigate halo effect so that audit decision will be more accurate 2) GSS can also mitigate halo effect 3) explanatory feedback and GSS are the best me-thods to mitigate halo effect.
The effect of government internal auditors� moral reasoning and situational pressure on the tendency to commit fraud when auditing: An experimental study
Authors: Puspasari Novita , Karunia Dewi Meutia
Published: September 2016

This study aims to examine the effect of government internal auditors moral levels and situational pressures on the tendency to commit fraud when conducting audit. Based on the hypothesis, despite the situational pressures, the government internal auditors who have a high moral level will not commit fraud at the time of auditing. Meanwhile, the government internal auditors who have a low moral level will com-mit fraud at the time of auditing when there is situational pressure. To test the hypothesis, a 22 factorial experiment is conducted involving 68 students of STAR-BPKP of Jenderal Soedirman University. The results indicate that the government internal auditors who have a high moral level will not commit fraud in the time of auditing despite some situational pressures. Meanwhile, the government internal auditors who have a low moral level will commit fraud at the time of auditing either there is a situational pressure or not. The implications of this study are to streng-then the supervisory system for the internal auditors at the time of auditing, to provide protection for whistle- blowers who report the presence of fraud committed by auditors, and to be consistent in giving reward to professional auditors and pu-nishment to auditors who are convicted of fraud at the time of auditing.
Reducing the risk to marine ports from invasive mosquito species, zika, dengue, chikungunya viruses and filariasis
Authors: Kollars Thomas , G. Kollars Peggy , Hulsey Bannie
Published: September 2016

Background: Mosquitoes are the principal vector of pathogens to humans throughout the world.  Ports are a primary means to which invasive mosquito species and the pathogens they carry are introduced into new areas and where the mosquito species was once eradicated.Methods: The ports of Porto Cortes (Honduras) and Savannah Port, (USA) were evaluated using the Bioagent Transport and Environmental Modeling System (BioTEMS) invasive species model to determine what species would be most likely to invade and survive in the Jebel Ali Port area (UAE).  The Porto Cortes study site was evaluated to determine if mosquito control using ecofriendly pesticides was practical at the port of origin. Conclusion: The Bioagent Transport and Environmental Modeling System TIGER model provides information that can be utilized to interdict and control invasive mosquito species to reduce the risk they become permanently established. The receiving ports were at risk from mosquito invasion, however, because of niche parameters, the Savannah Port was at risk from four invasive species from Honduras and the Jebel Ali Port was at risk from Ae. albopictus from Porto Cortes and Savannah and Ae. vexans from Savannah. Mosquito control was obtained at the point of origin and optimal surveillance and control sites were identified.
Paracetamol induced hepatic toxicity and amelioration by cinnamon in rats
Authors: Elkomy Ashraf , Aboubakr Mohamed , Soliman Ahmed , Abdeen Ahmed , Abdelkader Afaf , Hekal Haitham
Published: September 2016

The study was designed to evaluate the hepato-protective activity of aqueous extract of cinnamon in acute experimental liver injury induced by paracetamol. Twenty four male albino rats were randomly divided into four groups (six rats in each). Group I rats received distilled water for 15 days and served as a vehicle control. The animals in the group II were given single oral administration of paracetamol (1 g/kg), 1 h after last distilled water administration and acts as paracetamol toxic control group. Groups III and IV received aqueous extract of cinnamon (200 and 400 mg/kg bwt), respectively, once daily for 15 consecutive days followed by a single oral administration of paracetamol (1 g/kg), 1 h after the last cinnamon dose administration. The degree of hepatoprotection was measured using liver enzymes (Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), bilirubin, albumin, and lipid profile levels. Also, histopathological examinations of liver were done. The significantly disturbed liver functions by paracetamol toxicity were restored to nearly normal values by administration of cinnamon. Also, the change in biochemical parameters in groups received paracetamol alone was modified towards the normal values in groups given paracetamol and cinnamon. Histopathological effect of paracetamol on liver was also markedly decreased by co-administration of cinnamon. Our findings concluded that cinnamon aqueous extracts possessed hepato-protective activity against paracetamol induced hepatic toxicity in rats.
Using Diastolic Blood Pressure to Diagnose Acute Stroke in Isolated Acute Vestibular Syndrome
Authors: Matsumoto Shoiku , Kishikawa Masanobu , Okuyama Tosiro , Yoshino Shinichiro , Hirakawa Katsuyuki , Nagano Sukehisa , Yoshimura Takeo
Published: September 2016

Background: Although diagnosis of isolated acute vestibular syndrome (AVS) via physical examination has been reported, a great deal of experience is needed to interpret the results. Patients with AVS often cannot participate in a physical examination, and not every emergency department (ED) is equipped with a magnetic resonance imaging machine. Therefore, in isolated AVS, clinical factors other than those used by general physicians and/or residents are required to identify strokes in these patients. The aim of this study was to determine those clinical factors useful in differentiating stroke patients from isolated AVS patients in the ED setting.

Methods: We examined the records of 116 consecutive patients who presented to the ED between May 2010 and April 2013 with AVS (acute vertigo or dizziness, nystagmus, nausea/vomiting, head‐motion intolerance, unsteady gait) and without auditory symptoms, head and/or neck pain, or neurological findings. Patients underwent diagnostic neuroimaging. Clinical characteristics and vital signs measured in the ambulance were assessed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the associations of systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥150 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥85 mmHg, heart rate, age ≥60 years, and dyslipidemia with stroke.

Results: Stroke was diagnosed in eight of the 116 (6.9%) patients with isolated AVS. DBP ≥85 mmHg (odds ratio 29.0; 95% confidence interval 3.38–249) was the only significant and independent factor associated with stroke among patients with isolated AVS.

Conclusion: This study identified DBP ≥85 mmHg to be a simple and useful clinical factor differentiating stroke from non‐stroke isolated AVS.
Spontaneous Regression of Epstein‐Barr Virus‐negative Diffuse Large B‐cell Lymphoma that Presented with Multiple Pulmonary Nodules
Authors: Saraya Takeshi , Tsujimoto Naoki , Tamon Hiroki , Nunokawa Hiroki , Ohkuma Kosuke , Tsukahara Yayoi , Fujiwara Masachika , Ishii Haruyuki , Takizawa Hajime
Published: September 2016

A 70‐year‐old woman was admitted to a respiratory department because of bilateral inguinal lymphadenopathy, mediastinal lymphadenopathy, and re‐growth of a nodule in the left lower lobe, which had been identified one year earlier but had regressed spontaneously over the next 6 months. After diagnostic procedures to obtain tissue from the lung and lymph nodes, she was diagnosed with Epstein‐Barr virus‐negative diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Spontaneous regression or remission of lung involvement in a patient with DLBCL has rarely been reported and the precise mechanism is unknown, but this case clearly demonstrated regression and re‐growth of the lung nodules during her clinical course.
Renal Failure Due to Severe Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Authors: Sato Shimpei , Nishida Masakazu
Published: September 2016

Objective: Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is not uncommon in multi‐parous or elderly women. One mechanism that may be responsible for renal failure in the presence of POP is chronic retention due to bladder outlet obstruction. We herein presented a case of neglected severe POP in a 60‐year‐old patient that resulted in renal failure.

Case: A 60‐year‐old Japanese woman had a sensation of a vulvar mass since the age of 40. She had general malaise, reduced appetite, and weight loss, but did not exhibit any urinary symptoms or a vulvar mass. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a vulvar mass, and the patient was diagnosed with POP‐Q (pelvic organ prolapse quantification) stage 4 following a pelvic examination. A blood examination showed an increased inflammatory response (number of leukocytes 24,600/µl, C‐reactive protein 29.10 mg/dl) and renal dysfunction (creatinine 6.40 mg/dl, blood urea nitrogen 83.5 mg/dl). She was initially treated with bladder drainage and antibacterial therapy. Seven months after the initiation of bladder drainage, colpocleisis and urethroplasty were performed following the manual repositioning of POP.

Conclusion: This patient may have avoided long‐term hospital care if she had undergone a gynecological examination earlier. General physicians need to consider POP and learn to perform a basic gynecological examination when examining older women, who are more likely to ignore or conceal symptoms, similar to this case.
The Response of C19 Δ5-steroids to ACTH Stimulation and Hypoglycemia in Insulin Tolerance Test for Adrenal Insufficiency
Authors: Dušková Michaela , Kolátorová Sosvorová Lucie , Hill Martin , Šimůnková Kateřina , Jandíková Hana , Pospíšilová Hana , Šrámková Monika , Kosák Mikuláš , Kršek Michal , Hána Václav , Stárka Luboslav
Published: September 2016

Studies on the time course of ACTH- or insulin-induced hypoglycemia stimulating adrenal androgens are usually limited to dehydroepiandrosterone and/or its sulphate. Our data on dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its hydroxylated metabolites clearly show that measurements of DHEA and its sulphate (DHEAS) are valuable markers of the integrity of the HPA (hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal) axis. Assessments of HPA function should rely on measurements of baseline and/or stimulated serum cortisol concentrations, and C19Δ5-steroids may provide additional information. The art of stimulation of 7- and 16-hydroxylated metabolites of DHEA can help our understanding of the formation sequence of these compounds.
The Effect of Infliximab on Intestinal Anastomosis Healing in Rats
Authors: Karaköse Oktay , Eken Hüseyin , Ulusoy Ali Naki , Topgül Hüseyin Koray , Bilgin Mehmet , Yürüker Saim Savaş , Gülbahar Mustafa Yavuz
Published: September 2016

Intestinal anastomosis healing is a complex physiological process in which many local and systemic factors play a role. One of the significant cytokines in this process is TNF-α. Infliximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody which binds to TNF-α with high affinity. Although this agent is used in ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, intestinal surgery may be required in these patients. In this study it was aimed to determine whether or not there was any negative effect of preoperative single dose infliximab treatment on intestinal anastomosis healing. Two groups of 10 rats were formed. One of these groups was administered with a single dose of infliximab 8 mg/kg as a 20-minute intravenous infusion from the femoral vein. Four days after the infusion, a full layer incision was made to the colon and anastomosis was applied to all the rats. At 7 days after anastomosis, the subjects were sacrificed. The anastomosis segment was removed and the bursting pressure was measured. Tissue samples were taken from this segment for hydroxyproline concentration and histopathological examination. A blood sample was taken to measure TNF-α values. No statistically significant difference was determined between the groups in terms of bursting pressure, tissue hydroxyproline concentration or histopathological scoring. A single dose of 8 mg/kg infliximab administered 4 days preoperatively was not found to have any negative effect on intestinal anastomosis healing in rats.
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: A Significant Family Genetic Phenotypic Presentation
Authors: Janák David , Novotný Karel , Roček Miloslav , Rohn Vilém
Published: September 2016

We report on a very rare case of diagnosis and successful surgical treatment of three young family members with a four-fold presentation of thoracic outlet syndrome. In the relevant family case, we are considering and discussing the population incidence, a possible HOX genes disorder, and a significant phenotypic presentation.
CCL5 rs2107538 Polymorphism Increased the Risk of Tuberculosis in a Sample of Iranian Population
Authors: Kouhpayeh Hamid Reza , Taheri Mohsen , Baziboroon Mana , Naderi Mohammad , Bahari Gholamreza , Hashemi Mohammad
Published: September 2016

Cysteine-cysteine chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) with immunoregulatory and inflammatory activities has an important role in granuloma formations that activates and stimulates T-cells and macrophages. Cysteine-cysteine chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) is a chemokine receptor, which is important for migration of immune cells to site of infection. In the present study we investigated the possible association between CCL5 –403G/A (rs2107538), CCL5 –28C/G (rs2280788) and CCR5 Δ32 polymorphisms and pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in an Iranian population. This case-control study was performed on 160 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and 160 unrelated healthy subjects. The CCL5 –403G/A, CCL5 –28C/G and CCR5 Δ32 polymorphisms were genotyped by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR), tetra amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (T-ARMS PCR) and PCR, respectively. Our results showed that GA as well as GA+AA genotypes of CCL5 –403G/A (rs2107538) increased the risk of PTB in comparison with GG genotype (OR=1.70, 95% CI=1.03–2.81, P=0.038 and OR=1.64, 95% CI=1.00–2.68, P=0.049, respectively). No significant association was found between CCL5 –28C/G as well as CCR5 Δ32 polymorphism and PTB risk. In conclusion, our findings proposed that CCL5 –403G>A polymorphism may be a risk factor for susceptibility to PTB in our population. Larger sample sizes with different ethnicities are required to validate our findings.
Clump structure, population structure and non-destructive biomass estimation of the New Zealand carrageenophyte Sarcothalia lanceata (Gigartinaceae, Rhodophyta)
Authors: Neill Kate F. , Nelson Wendy A. , Falshaw Ruth , Hurd Catriona L.
Published: September 2016

Sarcothalia lanceata is a New Zealand carrageenophyte with tetrasporophytic thalli that produce carrageenan very close to the idealised structure of lambda-carrageenan. As such there is interest in its potential for commercial utilisation. There is no information on the biology and ecology of natural populations of this species, but this knowledge is critical for determining whether a species is a suitable candidate for sustainable wild harvest or for aquaculture. Population studies were conducted at two sites in New Zealand’s South Island in order to provide fundamental information on this species. The structure (abundance and composition of male, female, tetrasporophytic and non-reproductive clumps) of the two populations was assessed monthly over a year, and population biomass estimated using regression methods. Seasonal variation was not evident in most of the parameters measured, but differences between sites were found in total population density, the density of different life-history phases, and clump size and structure. The turnover in biomass occurs more frequently at the blade level than at the clump level and the presence of a basal crust in this species promotes population stability.
Convenient synthesis of the functionalized 1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclopentane-1,2′-inden]-2-enes via a three-component reaction
Authors: Liu Chang-Zhou , Han Ying , Qi Wen-Jie , Yan Chao-Guo
Published: September 2016

The three-component reaction of triphenylphosphine, dialkyl hex-2-en-4-ynedioate and arylidene-1,3-indanedione in dry DME at room temperature furnishes functionalized triphenylphosphanylidene-substituted 1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclopentane-1,2′-inden]-2-enes in 75–92% yields. 1H NMR spectra and X-ray diffraction analysis indicate that the trans-isomer is predominately formed and the reaction has very high diastereoselectivity.