bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shallow crustal structure of the junction of the grabens of Chapala, Tepic-Zacoalco and Colima, Mexico
Authors: Campos-Enríquez J. O. , Alatorre-Zamora M. A.
Published: May 2021

Con base en un estudio gravimétrico se ha inferido la estructura cortical del graben de Tepic, en su área adyacente a la ciudad de Guadalajara. Esta depresión, delimitada al norte por la Sierra Madre Occidental y al sur por las sierras graníticas del Bloque de Jalisco, no constituye un graben simétrico con fallas maestras bien definidas, sino más bien una zona de transición compleja. Bloques disgregados de las sierras graníticas están afallados y basculados hacia el noreste a lo largo del frente de estas sierras. Estos bloques forman una depresión tipo semigraben casi continua al pie del batolito levantado. Más al norte, el basamento granítico profundiza gradualmente. Sin embargo, profundiza abruptamente en lo que es interpretado como el límite entre la Sierra Madre Occidental y el Bloque de Jalisco. En la porción noroeste de nuestra zona en estudio, el límite se encuentra un poco al norte de la falla Plan de Barrancas. En la porción este de nuestra zona de estudio, el límite se localiza más próximo a la prolongación sur de la falla Plan de Barrancas (cerca de la Cadena Volcánica del Sur de Guadalajara). El cambio en posición ocurre cerca de la caldera de La Primavera. La caldera de La Primavera, el volcán Tequila y los conductos de erupción de conos de lava y de ceniza están emplazados a lo largo de zonas de debilidad NW-SE que afectan a la corteza batolítica o al contacto difuso imbricado entre estos dominios regionales. La corteza de la Sierra Madre Occidental adyacente al límite está caracterizada por lineamientos NE-SW perpendiculares a aquellos del vecino Bloque de Jalisco.
The dynamics of elongated and strongly stratified straits
Authors: N.  Bulgakov S. , Martínez Zatarain A.
Published: May 2021

Un modelo tridimensional friccional de tipo Ekman fue derivado a partir del análisis de las ecuaciones de momento primitivo para casos de estrechos largos con una marcada estratificación. Obtuvimos una solución analítica. Se realizó una serie de experimentos de modelación destinados a investigar la formación de los patrones de circulación integral y la estructura tridimensional de la corriente como funciones del forzamiento externo y de los valores de parámetros en un canal de profundidad no uniforme rotante en el à -plano. Se comparan los resultados de la modelación con datos hidrológicos observados en el estrecho de Bósforo.
Preliminary results of a rock-magnetic study of obsidians from central Mexico
Authors: Urrutia-Fucugauchi J.
Published: May 2021

El análisis de parámetros de propiedades magnéticas (susceptibilidad de campo bajo, magnetización remanente natural (NRM), magnetización remanente isotermal (IRM) y coercitividad) medidos en muestras de 18 depósitos de obsidiana de la faja volcánica trans-mexicana permite la caracterización de estos depósitos. Los resultados preliminares indican que las obsidianas presentan diferencias en el contenido relativo de los óxidos de hierro y titanio y en su tamaño de grano, lo que resulta en un amplio rango de variación en las correspondientes propiedades magnéticas. En particular, se observa variación de hasta cinco órdenes de magnitud en la susceptibilidad y las intensidades de NRM e IRM. Las obsidianas provenientes de 13 diferentes depósitos muestran rangos para la susceptibilidad de 40 a 1500 10-6 SI, para la intensidad de NRM de 40 a 7130 mA/m y para la intensidad de IRM de 1370 a 23900 mA/m. Las obsidianas provenientes de 5 depósitos presentan en contraste valores más bajos, con susceptibilidades entre 10 y 20 10-6 SI, intensidades de NRM entre 0.1 y 26 mA/m e intensidades de IRM entre 4 y 500 mA/m. Gráficas logarítmicas para diferentes combinaciones de los parámetros magnéticos permiten una caracterización de las obsidianas. Sin embargo debe enfatizarse que se requieren estudios adicionales para refinar los resultados y permitir la distinción de depósitos individuales entre los dos grupos mayores observados con bajas y altas propiedades magnéticas.
Analysis and validation of the electric terrain conductivity map of Mexico
Authors: Delgado-Rodríguez Omar
Published: May 2021

En este trabajo se plantea la necesidad de implementar un nuevo mapa de la conductividad del terreno, tal que pueda ser usado para una adecuada y eficiente planificación del servicio de radio-difusión en ondas medias en México. Se propone la utilización del Método de Atenuación del Campo con una metodología que simplifica la medición y el procesamiento de los datos registrados en los trabajos de campo, permitiendo obtener de manera precisa y bajo costo, los valores de conductividad eléctrica equivalente que caracterizan al territorio nacional.
The dynamics of dust particles near the Sun
Authors: Maravilla Dolores
Published: May 2021

El propósito de este trabajo es estudiar la dinámica de las partículas de polvo (granos) que se encuentran cerca de la corona solar partiendo de un modelo tridimensional que describe la ecuación de movimiento de las partículas tomando en cuenta las fuerzas gravitacional y de Lorentz. Las soluciones del modelo tridimensional proporcionan las superficies de reflexión dentro de las cuales los granos pueden quedar confinados.Cuando sólo hay movimiento en un plano, las soluciones tridimensionales son reducidas a soluciones bidimensionales. En particular, se estudia la dinámica de los granos cerca de la corona para dos mínimos solares consecutivos (i.e. antes y después del máximo solar) incluyendo en la ecuación de movimiento la fuerza de presión de radiación. Las soluciones bidimensionales proporcionan las regiones de confinamiento del polvo alrededor del Sol, así como aquellas regiones en donde el polvo escapa de la heliosfera. La magnitud tanto de las regiones de confinamiento como de las zonas de escape depende en gran medida del tamaño de los granos, de la relación carga/masa y de la radiación solar.
Crustal structure of the Colima rift, western Mexico: gravity models revisited
Authors: Urrutia-Fucugauchi J. , Flores-Ruiz J. H. , Bandy W. L. , Mortera-Gutiérrez C. A.
Published: May 2021

Se reportan resultados del análisis de la estructura del rift de Colima a partir del modelado de dos perfiles de gravedad orientados ESE-WNW con longitudes de 250 km y 280 km, localizados en el sector sur (SCR) y central (CCR) del graben. Estimaciones estadísticas de la profundidad de las interfaces se obtienen del análisis espectral. Las anomalías se modelan a partir de dos tipos distintos de modelos: un grupo asume que la anomalía es debida a fuentes profundas en la interface corteza-manto y el otro grupo considera una combinación de fuentes profundas y someras en un arreglo estratificado en la corteza. Para estimar el espesor cortical, se usan dos métodos iterativos que incluyen arreglos de prismas verticales o de polígonos para representar la interface y un contraste fijo de densidades. Las estimaciones estadísticas espectrales de profundidades y la topografía del Moho se usan para la construcción de modelos poligonales de corteza tipo Talwani. Los resultados del modelado indican una estructura para el sector sur del rift en la región costera que consiste en un graben 80-90 km de ancho y unos 7-9 km de profundidad. Este graben forma una continuación de la depresión que se extiende al NW del puerto de Manzanillo al SE del poblado de Tecomán. El Moho es más somero en la zona, donde tiene una profundidad de 17-18 km. Estos modelos difieren de interpretaciones previas en las cuales se propuso un modelo para el SCR con dos grábenes separados por un ‘ridge’. El graben al NE tiene un ancho de 35 km y una profundidad de 8 km y el otro graben al SE es 60 km de ancho y 6 km de profundidad. La estructura somera en el sector central CCR se caracteriza por una depresión asimétrica de 9-10 km de profundidad con el límite NW abrupto e intrusiones graníticas en esta zona. El espesor cortical disminuye en el sector occidental del graben de Colima hasta unos 22 km y es alrededorde 28-30 km en el perfil CCR.
The magnetic record of the Late Glacial-Holocene transition in sediments from Grandfather Lake (Southwest Alaska)
Authors: Vlag Pieter A. , Banerjee Subir K.
Published: May 2021

Las mediciones preliminares de propiedades magnéticas en muestras de un núcleo de 8.5 m. de longitud del lago Granfather (suroeste de Alaska), indican que la magnetización remanente de estos sedimentos reside en magnetita con comportamiento de multidominio y grano grueso. Esto sugiere una señal magnética de cristal. El cambio abrupto en las propiedades magnéticas a 5.95 m de profundidad (ca. 9500 14C años), es probablemente el reflejo del comienzo del Holoceno templado. Los registros magnéticos y de polen muestran un patrón diferente bajo esta transición. Ello sugiere la ocurrencia de un ligero calentamiento al término de la última glaciación, seguido por el evento de enfriamiento Younger Dryas y el inicio del Holoceno. El primer evento de calentamiento y el Younger Dryas no están registrados en la señal magnética. Una explicación a esta discrepancia es que el impacto de estos eventos climáticos, si es que tuvieron algún efecto en el clima del suroeste de Alaska, es que fue limitado en esta región.
Propagation of coupled Rayleigh-gravity waves on the ocean floor
Authors: Burlak Gennadiy N. , Koshevaya Svetlana V. , Hayakawa Masashi , Sánchez-Mondragón J. , Grimalsky Vladimir V.
Published: May 2021

El fondo del mar puede propagar ondas acopladas de gravedad, acústicas y de Rayleigh. Se presentan expresiones para la dispersión y el flujo de energía, y se demuestra que las ondas se dividen en dos ramas. La rama de lata velocidad tiene estructura multimodal y un corte de alta frecuencia.
Life Skill For Women Empowerment: Patchwork For Creativity And Entrepreneurship
Authors: Nurbatra Laela Hikmah , Hartono Hartono
Published: May 2021

The present community service highlights life skill program for women empowerment. Particularly, the current community empowerment program involves members of PKK of RT 03 RW 02 Sumbersekar, Dau Malang. There are currently 32 members in the organization that comes from different socio-economic background. In terms of entrepreneurial skills, the women in the particular organization have limited knowledge and skill in entrepreneurship. Based on the observation and confirmed with the result of interview, most of the women who are the member of PKK RT 03 RW 02 are low-middle class family who rely on the husbands’ income from farming. Given that most of the members relies on agricultural sector as their income, most of them do not have a sufficient educational background. Although the community has issue with limited fund to support their program, they have a good creativity. In addition, given that the Gender Empowerment Index in East Java is still low, the present community empowerment program intends to offer solution to empower the women at PKK RT 03 RW 02 Sumbersekar with the expectation that it will not only provide more space for their creativity but also their financial support. In accordance to that, the present community service program is not only aims to empower the women, but also improve their economics. The results indicated that the program ran successfully although it was conducted in the COVID 19 pandemic. Some adjustments have been made, but it did not change the fact the target communities obtained the positive effect from the empowerment program.
Nutrition Students’ Experiences of Interprofessional Learning in a Nursing Home
Authors: Heyerdahl Ella , Ottesen Marte , Molin Marianne , Hestevik Christine Hillestad , Sørlie Venke Marion , Sellevold Gerd Sylvi
Published: May 2021

Background: Interprofessional experience is vitally important for nutrition students, as nutritionists often find themselves working independently in a team with other professionals. Few studies have explored qualitatively how nutrition students perceive learning activities in an interprofessional setting.Methods and Findings: Third-year bachelor’s degree nutrition students participated in a focus group interview after interprofessional learning in a nursing home. A qualitative study with a phenomenological-hermeneutical approach was conducted to investigate lived experiences. One theme emerged from the data analysis: A professional understanding of oneself and others. Being acknowledged as a professional, being an active participant, and collaborating to enhance resident care were revealed as sub-themes.Conclusions: A short period of interprofessional learning in an authentic setting may expand students’ experiences and enhance professional confidence.
Achieving Consensus on the Values and Activities of all Healthcare Educators: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Browne Julie , Bullock Alison , Parker Samuel , Poletti Chiara , Gallen Derek , Jenkins John
Published: May 2021

Background: To facilitate a stronger recognition of the importance of the healthcare educator role and clearer communication regarding IPE, consensus is needed regardingn the values and areas of activity that all healthcare educators share, regardless of professional group.Methods and findings: A five-phase consensus process was used, consisting of a survey and search to identify guidance documents, a literature review and text analysis, a face-to-face consensus meeting, a novel workshop to develop organizing principles, and a two-stage Delphi consultation. This consensus process resulted in a nine-item list of shared values and 25 activities sorted into four domains.Conclusion: This article reports the development of a rigorous and collective consensus statement on the core values and activities shared by all healthcare educators. This is a necessary preliminary to establishing the groundwork on which interprofessional educational initiatives can be built.
Kommende artikler
Authors: Redaktionen SiS-
Published: May 2021

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Diversity in Reproductive Health and Human Sexuality: Assessing Attitudes Comfort and Knowledge in Learners Before and After Pilot Curriculum
Authors: Friedlander Rachel , Mou Sophie , Shearer Lee
Published: May 2021

Background and Objectives: A majority of medical students believe that treating sexual concerns is important for their careers. However, a minority feel that they have received adequate instruction in medical school. This novel supplemental reproductive and sexual health curriculum at a large academic medical center aimed to address this gap and to improve attitudes, comfort, and knowledge about sexual and reproductive health topics among learners.Methods: Students participated in a series of sexual and reproductive health workshops taught by interdisciplinary health care workers, with the first cohort in a classroom setting and the second cohort using a virtual format due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We administered a novel pre- and postcourse survey to assess attitudes, comfort, and knowledge about the topics. We performed unpaired 1-tailed t tests and χ2 tests to compare the scores on the pre- and postcourse surveys. Results: Sample size was 12 students for the first cohort and 23 students for the second cohort. Reported levels of comfort with taking sexual histories in different age groups and discussing reproductive and sexual health topics increased significantly: 0.92 for the classroom setting, and 0.50 for the virtual setting, with an average increase of 0.65 points on a 4-point Likert scale. There were no significant changes in student attitudes toward or knowledge of reproductive and sexual health.Conclusion: This course elaborated on topics to which medical students traditionally lack adequate exposure, with significant improvement in comfort counseling patients. A disparity between the classroom and virtual setting suggests limitations of online learning for these topics.
El plagio: consideraciones para su prevención
Authors: Vargas-Morúa Elizarda
Published: May 2021

Este trabajo corresponde a un estudio bibliográfico, descriptivo y exploratorio para analizar el concepto de plagio, así como los tipos y factores que inciden en su práctica. Se enfatiza en la importancia de la prevención mediante la enumeración de prácticas viables identificadas por personas investigadoras para su aplicación en centros educativos. Adicionalmente, se hace una breve mención a la detención y sanción como conceptos.

Asimismo, se incorpora una resolución de la Sala Constitucional de Costa Rica promulgada en el 2020, en la cual, con base en el principio de la Autonomía Universitaria, se da respaldo a las universidades para la realización de pruebas virtuales asincrónicas y sincrónicas, incluso con grabación de imagen y voz, bajo ciertas condiciones, en relación con el caso en concreto.

Con este trabajo se espera contribuir con la presentación de alternativas viables para prevenir el plagio, así como inquietar respecto del trabajo que pueden desarrollar las instituciones educativas para instruir y concientizar al alumnado respecto de la importancia del conocimiento, la demostración y comprensión de lo aprendido para un desarrollo profesional pleno.
Applications of statistically probability convergence to approximation theorem
Authors: Jasrotia Swati , SINGH Uday , Raj Kuldip
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this article is to study and investigate statistically
probability convergence for the sequence of random variables by virtue
of deferred N\“{o}rlund and deferred Euler summability
mean. With the aid of MATLAB software, we also graphically exhibits the
statistically probability convergence for probability density function
of random variables. Further, as an application of our newly form
summability mean, we prove Korovkin type approximation theorem via
deferred N\”{o}rlund and deferred Euler statistically
probability convergence and present compelling instances to illustrate
the findings.
Efficacy of tocilizumab treatment in severe patients with COVID-19
Authors: SAHIN Burcin , OSMANBASOGLU Ozen AYRANCI , EREN Gulhan , YÖRÜK GÜLŞEN
Published: May 2021

Background: The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of
tocilizumab treatment in patients with COVID-19. Methods: 60 patients
infected with SARS-CoV-2 were enrolled in the study. The patients were
divided into two groups according to whether they treated with
tocilizumab or did not. Demographic and clinical features of the
patients, laboratory findings, treatments, and clinical outcome were
evaluated. Results: The mean age of 30 patients in group 1 was 63.6±16.3
years and male/female ratio was 3.2, whereas the mean age of 30 patients
in group 2 was 59.4±11 years and male/female ratio was 2.7 (P=0.244 and
P=0.766, respectively). pO2/FiO2 and lymphocyte count at baseline, 2nd
day and 7th day were significantly lower in group 1 treated with
standard treatment without tocilizumab than group 2 additionally treated
with tocilizumab (P<0.05). D-dimer level at 7th day, ferritin
and CRP levels at 2nd and 7th day were significantly higher in group 1
than group 2 (P=0.015, P<0.001, P<0.001,
P<0.001, P<0.001, respectively). The patients in
group 1 had higher intensive care unit need and mortality rate than the
patients in tocilizumab group (P=0.015). 28-day survival was lower in
group 1 than tocilizumab group (P=0.024). Conclusions: We observed
clinical improvement and lower mortality rate in hospitalized patients
with severe COVID-19 with tocilizumab treatment.
The amyloid concentric β-barrel hypothesis: models of Synuclein oligomers, annular protofibrils, lipoproteins, and transmembrane channels.
Authors: Guy H, , Durell Stewart
Published: May 2021

Amyloid beta (Aβ of Alzheimer’s disease) and α-synuclein (α-Syn of
Parkinson’s disease) form large fibrils. Evidence is increasing however
that much smaller oligomers are more toxic and that these oligomers can
form transmembrane ion channels. We have proposed previously that Aβ42
oligomers, annular protofibrils, and ion channels adopt concentric
β-barrel molecular structures. Here we extend that hypothesis to the
superfamily of α, β, and γ-synucleins. Our models of numerous Synuclein
oligomers, annular protofibrils, tubular protofibrils, lipoproteins, and
ion channels were developed to be consistent with sizes, shapes,
molecular weights, and secondary structures of assemblies as determined
by EM and other studies. The models have the following features: 1) all
subunits have identical structures and interactions; 2) they are
consistent with conventional β-barrel theory; 3) the distance between
walls of adjacent β-barrels is between 0.6 and 1.2 nm; 4) hydrogen
bonds, salt bridges, interactions among aromatic side-chains, burial and
tight packing of hydrophobic side-chains, and aqueous solvent exposure
of hydrophilic side-chains are relatively optimal; and 5) residues that
are identical among distantly related homologous proteins cluster in the
interior of most oligomers whereas residues that are hypervariable are
exposed on protein surfaces. Atomic scale models of some assemblies were
developed.
FACTORS AFFECTING MEDICATION ADHERENCE AMONGST DIABETIC PATIENTS IN INDIA: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Aulakh Vishavjot , Garg Chahat , Kaur Raminder , Kosey Sourabh , Sharma Amit
Published: May 2021

Background: Diabetes is a chronic condition that requires lifelong
treatment with anti-diabetic medications to achieve optimum blood sugar
level and to prevent complications associated with it but medication
non-adherence becomes a major barrier in attaining good glycemic
control. Aim: The study was designed to determine the adherence rate to
anti-diabetic medications and factors associated with medication
non-adherence amongst diabetic patients in Punjab. Materials & Methods:
A cross-sectional study was carried out for 3 months on 138 diabetic
patients who were using at least one hypoglycemic agent or were on
insulin therapy. Hill-Bone Medication Adherence Scale (HB-MAS) - a 9
item questionnaire was used to measure adherence rate. Results:
Medication adherence in the study population was above average.
89(64.5%) had high adherence followed by 41(29.7%) having moderate and
8(5.8%) having low adherence. Factors associated with medication
non-adherence were age group 18-30 years, male, unmarried, and had a
family monthly income < Rs 5000. Conclusion: The factors which
affect medication adherence need to be evaluated at the constant
interval for an individual patient. Patients must be educated about the
disease and the benefits of adhering to their treatment regimen, which
eventually improves the quality of life.
PREVALENCE OF HAMSTRING TIGHTNESS IN SCHOOL CHILDREN IN THE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
Authors: MARYA KIRTI MOHAN , MARYA ARCHISHA , SHETTY CHAYA , Nadeem Mohamed , FARVIN REGANA , Hyder Rassal , Abin Ashly
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Back pain amongst children is on the rise
exponentially. Hamstring tightness is known to have cause/effect
relationship with low back pain. Presence of hamstring tightness is also
associated with increase in risk of muscular strains. The purpose of
this study was to assess the prevalence of hamstring tightness in school
going children in the United Arab Emirates. To our knowledge, this is
the first such reported study in the Middle East. METHODS: All children
of a school based in Dubai, UAE from grade 2 to grade 10 aged 7-15 years
were assessed by a team of 5 physiotherapists. Hamstring tightness was
evaluated by standard active knee extension [AKE] test in the school
medical department. A total of 317 children were assessed [634
limbs] by two observers and any inability to actively extend the knee
completely while the hip being at 90-degree flexion was considered as
hamstring tightness. RESULTS: Out of 317 subjects, 287 [90.53%]
were found to have at least some hamstring tightness. There was a
statistically significant difference between genders: boys showing more
prevalence. All age groups across the school showed similar pattern.
This may be the highest ever recorded prevalence of hamstring tightness
in school children in any reported study in English literature.
CONCLUSION: An alarming proportion of children in a Dubai based school
have hamstring tightness. Wider studies with larger numbers should be
undertaken so as to ascertain if this is in some way related to lack of
active lifestyle in the UAE where gadget-dependency of younger
generation as well as prolonged sitting might be a causative factor.
Whether such high prevalence is pathological or physiological also needs
to be addressed. School authorities and parents in UAE should engage the
children in regular stretching programs.
An evidence-based, risk-adapted algorithm for anti-fungal prophylaxis reduces risk for invasive mold infections in children with hematologic malignancies
Authors: Ikwuezunma Ashley , Dutta Ankhi , Castellanos Maria , Brackett Julienne , Reddy Kiranmye , Mahajan Priya , Marshburn Ann , Kamdar Kala , Paek Hana , Palazzi Debra , Rabin Karen , Scheurer Michael , Gramatges Maria
Published: May 2021

Background: Children with hematologic malignancies, especially those who
receive intensive chemotherapy, are at high risk for invasive mold
infections (IMI) that confer substantial mortality. Randomized
controlled trials support the use of anti-fungal prophylaxis with
anti-mold activity as an optimal strategy for risk reduction in this
population, but studies outlining the practical application of
evidence-based recommendations are lacking. Procedure: We conducted a
15-year, single-institution retrospective review of children with
hematologic malignancies treated with chemotherapy to determine the
incidence of proven or probable IMI diagnosed between 2006 and 2020 and
to identify the host and disease factors associated with IMI risk. We
then compared the incidence and type of IMI and related factors before
and after 2016 implementation of an evidence-based, risk-adapted
anti-fungal prophylaxis algorithm that broadened coverage to include
molds in patients at highest risk for IMI. Multivariable linear
regression was used to determine factors related to IMI risk. Results:
We identified 61 cases of proven or probable IMI in 1,456 patients
diagnosed with hematologic malignancies during the study period (4.2%).
Implementation of an anti-fungal prophylaxis algorithm reduced the IMI
incidence in this population from 4.8% to 2.9%. After multivariable
analysis, both Hispanic ethnicity and cancer diagnosis prior to 2016
were significantly associated with risk for IMI. Conclusion: An
evidence-based, risk-adapted approach to anti-fungal prophylaxis for
children with hematologic malignancies is an effective strategy to
reduce incidence of IMI.
Early intervention and prevention of allergic diseases
Authors: Brough Helen , Lanser Bruce , Sindher Sayantani , Teng Joyce , Leung Donald , Venter Carina , Chan Susan , Santos Alexandra , Bahnson Henry , Guttman-Yassky Emma , Gupta Ruchi , Lack Gideon , Ciaccio@bsd.uchicago.edu Christina , Sampath Vanitha , Nadeau Kari , Nagler Cathryn
Published: May 2021

Food Allergy (FA) is now one of the most common chronic diseases of
childhood often lasting throughout life and leading to significant
worldwide healthcare burden. The precise mechanisms responsible for the
development of this inflammatory condition are largely unknown; however,
a multifactorial aetiology involving both environmental and genetic
contributions is well accepted. A precise understanding of the
pathogenesis of FA is an essential first step to developing
comprehensive prevention strategies that could mitigate this epidemic.
As it is frequently preceded by atopic dermatitis and can be prevented
by early antigen introduction, the development of FA is likely
facilitated by the improper initial presentation of antigen to the
developing immune system. Primary oral exposure of antigens allowing for
presentation via a well-developed mucosal immune system, rather than
through a disrupted skin epidermal barrier, is essential to prevent FA.
In this review, we present the data supporting the necessity of 1) an
intact epidermal barrier to prevent epicutaneous antigen presentation,
2) the presence of specific commensal bacteria to maintain an intact
mucosal immune system and 3) maternal/infant diet diversity, including
vitamins and minerals, and appropriately timed allergenic food
introduction to prevent FA.
Organisering av innkjøpsfunksjonen
Authors: Similä Jan Ole
Published: May 2021

Finding a good way to organize activities in a public sector organization can be crucial for the organization’s possibility to reach defined goals. The procurement function in the public sector can be challenging to organize, based on the fact that it is both important for the organization in question, but also an important tool for the government. Overall goals are defined nationally, in the form of national law, regulations, and policy. Each organization normally has a procurement policy document, guiding procurement decisions. In this chapter, we take a closer look at the organization of the procurement function, based on data from the 2018-procurement maturity assessment survey by Difi, as well as international research on the topic. We do not have data that provides a basis for drawing conclusions about the reasons for choosing the specific form of organizing the procurement function throughout the Norwegian public sector, therefore we have chosen to set up a discussion that can facilitate an increased degree of reflection where the structure of the procurement function is up for debate.
Innovasjonsfremmende offentlige anskaffelser
Authors: Similä Jan Ole , Westeren Knut Ingar
Published: May 2021

In this chapter, we take a closer look at challenges related to innovative public procurement. There is an expectation both from the government and the procurement legislation that public procurement shall be used to encourage innovations. In the theoretical part of the chapter, a review of relevant theory is provided. We also take a closer look at innovation in the service area, as this topic tends to be under-communicated in public documents. Data from Difi’s maturity survey from 2018 are used to gain closer insight into the public sector’s approach to innovative procurement. Among other things, we find a correlation between knowledge in innovative procurement and the eagerness to carry out this type of procurement. We also find that the number of acquisitions above the threshold value (NOK 1.3 million) is a more important parameter than the total investment and purchasing budget when we look at which public sector organization are most active in seeking innovations through the procurement processes.
Exploring data analytics adoption in public procurement: The case of Norway
Authors: Langseth Marius , Haddara Moutaz
Published: May 2021

Procurement analytics is the process of collecting and analyzing procurement data for identifying meaningful insights and aiding in effective business decision-making. The prevalence of large datasets is starting to spread high potentials across the public sector; however, an impediment to its reach and utilization orientates around the low level of data analytics adoption to exploit the full potential of this data availability. In this paper, we explore the adoption of the data science process and data analytics in procurement in the Norwegian public sector through the technology-organization-environment framework. This is achieved by employing descriptive statistics on survey data collected by the Norwegian Agency for Public Management and eGovernment, which included 343 responses across 136 municipalities, 115 state enterprises, 11 counties, and 81 municipality and state companies. Our descriptive results indicate that the organization context-related factors, such as employee competence in analytics, budget size, and top-management support for data-driven cultures, impact the organization’s adoption of data science and data analytics in public procurement. The technological and environmental contexts (for example, use of digital tools, technology availability, and national policies) have no clear impact on the organization’s adoption of analytics. However, our correlation analysis results show that none of the above-mentioned factors have a correlation with the adoption and use of data analytics in public procurement.
El aprendizaje servicio como una propuesta educativa del diseño industrial para la innovación social
Authors: Mora Cantellano María del Pilar Alejandra
Published: May 2021

En este artículo se analizó el alcance de la innovación social desarrollada en la práctica educativa del programa académico de Diseño Industrial como una alternativa para establecer una vinculación social entre las instituciones educativas y los territorios. Para ello, se identificó la relación del aprendizaje servicio para la adquisición de la competencia de innovación social en las propuestas académicas desarrolladas por estudiantes de licenciatura. El objetivo fue describir el aprendizaje desde el servicio y la trascendencia social de proyectos académicos, así como la adquisición de competencias mediante la elaboración de alternativas viables y factibles para el desarrollo local. Metodológicamente, se empleó un estudio de caso con una aproximación de tipo etnográfica en la que se utilizaron herramientas cualitativas como la observación participante, las entrevistas, el análisis documental y los registros visuales. Los resultados demostraron el desarrollo de la práctica educativa y el papel de los actores involucrados en el proceso de aprendizaje y la adquisición de las competencias requeridas. En la discusión se explica el papel de cada uno de los componentes de la propuesta educativa y de los proyectos académicos, el aprendizaje logrado y el cumplimiento de los objetivos educativos a través de las competencias profesionales, así como sus repercusiones en la vinculación social como parte de los propósitos del proyecto curricular y de la interacción con los actores sociales para coadyuvar en el desarrollo de los territorios, lo cual permitió establecer conclusiones y algunas recomendaciones sobre la adquisición de las competencias planteadas.
Bilateral Luxatio Erecta – Etiology, Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Bawale Rajesh , Soliman Amr , Jain Rohit , Singh Bijayendra
Published: May 2021

Luxation erecta is a rare form of shoulder dislocation, bilateral inferior shoulder dislocation is very rare and few cases have been published in the literature. We present a case of a male, fell down the ladder, presented with bilateral luxation erecta treated with close reduction, immobilisation and rehabilitation.
PENGARUH PUPUK KANDANG KAMBING DAN SAPI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN Azolla microphylla
Authors: Arif Faiz Al , Susanto Herry , Pujisiswanto Hidayat
Published: May 2021

Azolla microphyllais a type of small fern that lives in the waters. One of the benefits of this plant is as an organic fertilizer in lowland rice cultivation. Considering its population in nature is decreasing while the use is increasing, it is necessary to conduct a research how to increase the growth and population of A. microphylla. The research was conducted at the Greenhouse and Weed Science Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung from March to April 2020. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications and six treatments so that there were 24 experimental units. As growing media, soil and 10.5 liters of water are filled in a tray measuring 30 cm x 35 cm. The treatments were KO = without manure, K1 = goat manure 42 g, K2 = goat manure 31,5 g plus cattle manure 10,5 g, K3 = goat manure 21 g plus cattle manure 21 g, K4 = goat manure 10,5 g plus cattle manure 31,5 g, and K5 cattle manure 42 g that added in 10,5 liters of water. Homogeneity of data was tested using the Bartlett test, the additivity was tested with the Tukey test. The mean was tested with the least significant difference (LSD) at 5% level. The results showed that the use of goat and cattle manures and the its mixture increased the growth and development of Azolla microphylla. The mixture of goat manure 21 g and cattle manure 21 g / 10.5 liters water is the best treatment for population growth of Azolla microphylla.  Keywords: Azolla microphylla, growth, manure, mixture, population
Desain dan Konstruksi Prototype KIT Proyek STEM Sebagai Media Pembelajaran IPA SMP Secara Daring pada Topik Aplikasi Listrik Dinamis
Authors: Zulirfan Z , Yennita Y , Rahmad M , Purnama Agus
Published: May 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic has a significant impact on the quality of the science learning process. Online learning restricts students from directly interacting with science tools and materials. It takes effort from science educators to facilitate students in direct learning activities (hands on activity). This research is an attempt to facilitate students in learning by doing activities. In general, this study aims to provide a STEM project KIT that students can use in online-based junior high school science learning. Based on the results of the study in the analysis phase, the researcher has identified and designed three simple STEM projects that can be built as applications for the Dynamic Electricity concept. The three STEM projects are the Fruit Electric Energy Content Exploration Project, the Flood Alarm Model Making Project, and the Micro-Hydro Power Plant Model Building Project. For the purposes of these three student STEM projects, the researcher has built a KIT with stages including: tool and material selection, assembly, and expert validation. This research has produced a prototype of the Dynamic Electricity Application STEM Project KIT which is declared valid and feasible as a medium for junior secondary science learning, both for online and offline learning. Kata kunci: dynamic electrical applications, design and validation, STEM project KITs, online science learning  ABSTRAKPandemi Covid-19 memberikan dampak yang signifikan terhadap mutu proses pembelajaran IPA. Pembelajaran daring membatasi siswa sehingga tidak dapat berinteraksi secara langsung dengan alat-alat dan bahan IPA. Perlu usaha dari para pendidik IPA untuk memfasilitasi siswa dalam aktivitas belajar secara langsung (hands on activity). Penelitian ini merupakan salah satu usaha untuk memfasiltasi siswa dalam aktivitas learning by doing tersebut. Secara umum penelitian bertujuan menyediakan perangkat KIT proyek STEM yang dapat digunakan siswa dalam pembelajaran IPA SMP berbasis daring. Berdasarkan hasil kajian pada fasa analisis, peneliti telah mengidentifikasi dan mendesain tiga proyek STEM sederhana yang dapat dibangun sebagai aplikasi konsep Listrik Dinamis. Ketiga proyek STEM tersebut adalah Proyek Eksplorasi Kandungan Energi Listrik Buah-buahan, Proyek Pembuatan Model Alarm Banjir, dan Proyek Pembuatan Model Pembangkit Listrik Mikrohidro. Untuk keperluan ketiga proyek STEM siswa tersebut, peneliti telah membangun KIT dengan tahapan meliputi: pemilihan alat dan bahan, perakitan, dan validasi pakar. Penelitian ini telah menghasilkan sebuak prototype KIT Proyek STEM Aplikasi Listrik Dinamis yang dinyatakan sah dan layak sebagai media pembelajaran IPA SMP, baik untuk pembelajaran daring maupun luring.Kata kunci: aplikasi listrik dinamis, desain dan validasi, KIT proyek STEM, pembelajaran IPA daring
Kemampuan Argumentasi Ilmiah Calon Guru IPA melalui Pendekatan MIKiR selama Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Diniya D , Ilhami Aldeva , Mahartika Ira , Permana P Niki Dian , Prakash Om
Published: May 2021

Since the Covid-19 pandemic, learning at the university or school level has implemented online learning. Even though the learning is conducted online, the teacher candidate's scientific argumentation skills must be trained. One way is through the MIKIR approach. The purpose of this research is analyzing the science pre-service teachers’ scientific argumentation skills by using MIKIR approach during pandemic covid-19. This type of research is a quasi-experimental study with a one-shot case study design. The research sample was 50 pre-service teachers. The instrument was an argumentation essay test based on the argumentation aspects according to Toulmin; claim, data, warrant and backing. The science pre-service teachers’ scientific argumentation skills will be analyzed through the one-sample T test assisted by the SPSS version 22 application. The results of this study is shown by the T score, 0.010> 0.05, is larger than a significance level. It means that MIKIR approach during pandemic covid-19 can practice significantly to the scientific argumentation skills of science pre-service teachers.  Keywords: science pre-service teachers’ scientific argumentation skills, MIKIR approach, science learning during pandemic covid-19 ABSTRAK Sejak pandemi covid-19, pembelajaran baik di tingkat universitas atau sekolah menerapkan pembelajaran daring (online). Meskipun pembelajaran dilakukan secara daring, kemampuan argumentasi ilmiah calon guru IPA tetap harus dilatihkan. Salah satu caranya adalah melalui pendekatan MIKiR. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengukur pengaruh pendekatan MIKiR dalam pembelajaran online terhadap kemampuan argumentasi ilmiah calon guru. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuasi eksperimen dengan desain one-shot case study. Sampel penelitian adalah 50 calon guru IPA. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa tes argumentasi berupa soal esai berdasarkan aspek  argumentasi menurut Toulmin; claim, data, warrant dan backing. Kemampuan argumentasi ilmiah calon guru IPA akan dideskripsikan dan dianalisis  melalui uji T  satu sampel berbantuan aplikasi SPSS versi 22. Hasil penelitian ditemukan skor uji T 0,010 > 0,05 yang artinya pendekatan MIKiR selama pandemi covid-19 dapat melatihkan kemampuan argumentasi calon guru IPA secara signifikan.Kata kunci: kemampuan argumentasi ilmiah calon guru IPA, metode MIKiR, pembelajaran IPA selama pandemic covid-19
Affine Annihilator Finding Algorithm for Boolean Function
Authors: Zelenetsky A. S. , Klyucharev P. G.
Published: May 2021

So far, there are no efficient algorithms to solve a problem of finding the low degree annihilators for arbitrary Boolean function. In the paper we present a new algorithm to find affine annihilators for an arbitrary Boolean function. We start with considering the identity  fg ≡ 0 or the arbitrary Boolean function f and its possible affine annihilator g. We use a special representation of the Boolean function in sum of its sub-functions to reduce degrees of considering functions in previous identity. As a result, we establish equivalence between the identity fg ≡ 0 for Boolean functions of n variables and the system of Boolean equations of n-1 variable.

An algorithm for finding the affine annihilators for the arbitrary Boolean function f must find all the affine functions g so that fg ≡ 0. Our algorithm is based on reducing the problem of finding the affine annihilators for the Boolean function f of n to the similar problem for its sub-functions of n-1 variable. The presented algorithm has the following advantages:

An input function can be presented in different ways;

Output can be also presented in different ways;

The algorithm can be effectively parallelized.

It should be noted that the result we have obtained is not final and highlights some development directions: first, to study the impact of its input and output on the efficiency of the algorithm of various representations and, second, to use our idea of constructing the algorithm for development of algorithms, which allow finding the 2nd, 3rd, etc. degree annihilators for a specified Boolean function.
Decolonization and Restorative Justice: A Proposed Theoretical Framework.
Authors: Asadullah Muhammad
Published: May 2021

The concept of decolonization has been used in numerous disciplines and settings, including education, psychology, governance, justice, transitional justice, restorative justice as well as research methods. Fanon (1963) saw decolonization as a process of both unlearning and undoing the harms of colonization. For Monchalin (2016), decolonization is both a goal and process to bring about a fundamental shift in colonial structures, ideologies and discourses. According to Alfred (2009, p. 185), decolonization requires “nation-to-nation partnership” for “justice and peace”. In the context of Restorative Justice (RJ), decolonization entail a) addressing historical harms of colonization; b) recognizing grievances of indigenous and marginalized communities about the justice system as genuine; and c) acknowledging  that state- or INGO-funded RJ practices may do more harm than good. This paper begins with a brief overview of decolonization discourses from micro and macro perspectives to then locate decolonization in justice settings, arguing against “copying and pasting” Eurocentric models of RJ practices. Grounded in the findings of RJ visionaries and practitioners in Bangladesh and the work of Cunneen (2002), and Tauri and Morris (1997), this study proposes a decolonizing framework for RJ practices.
Composición del ensamblaje de aves en una zona periurbana de Medellín, Colombia
Authors: Agudelo-Rendón Daniela , Rendón-Gutiérrez Nataly , Cadavid-Ramírez Ana Cristina , Choperena-Palencia Mary Cerliz , Arias-Monsalve Clara S , Gómez-R Daisy A
Published: May 2021

Las áreas periurbanas han sido documentadas como zonas de transición entre ambientes naturales y zonas urbanas las cuales son fundamentales para el mantenimiento de la avifauna asociada a las grandes urbes, albergando incluso altos niveles de riqueza y diversidad de especies. En el presente trabajo es documentado el ensamblaje de aves en una zona periurbana del municipio de Medellín (Colombia), la cual, en el último siglo ha sufrido una fuerte transformación de su cobertura natural y es considerada de alto interés para la conservación de los servicios ecosistémicos de la ciudad. El estudio se llevó a cabo en la sede de prácticas de la Corporación Universitaria Remington, ubicada en el corregimiento de Santa Elena. El registro de la avifauna se realizó mediante la captura de individuos con redes de niebla y la observación directa en recorridos libres, llevados a cabo en muestreos en agosto-septiembre de 2017, febrero-mayo de 2018 y septiembre de 2020. Adicionalmente, registros para algunas especies fueron obtenidos del muestreo con cámaras trampa, avistamientos ocasionales y datos sonoros. Se registraron un total de 54 especies de aves pertenecientes a 12 órdenes y 27 familias, incluidas dos especies endémicas, una casi endémica y dos especies migratorias. Este trabajo reporta la presencia de 35 especies que no habían sido previamente registradas en listados publicados para el corregimiento, principalmente especies asociadas a áreas abiertas y zonas de bordes de bosque. Los resultados presentados resaltan la importancia de las áreas periurbanas en la diversidad de la avifauna local en las grandes ciudades.
ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ MESLEK ÖNCESİ ÖĞRETMEN KİMLİKLERİNİN YORDAYICISI OLARAK 21. YÜZYIL ÖĞRENEN BECERİLERİ
Authors: EĞMİR Eray , ERDEM Cahit
Published: May 2021

21. yüzyılda öğretmenlerin kazanması gereken ve öğrencilere kazandırılmak istenen beceriler ve etkili bir öğretim hizmeti sunabilmek için öğretmenlerin mesleki kimlik algılarının önemi bir arada düşünüldüğünde, 21. yüzyıl öğrenen becerileri ile meslek öncesi öğretmen kimliği arasındaki ilişkinin araştırılması bir gereklilik halini almaktadır. Bu araştırmada öğretmen adaylarının 21. yüzyıl öğrenen becerileri ile meslek öncesi öğretmen kimlikleri arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olup olmadığını ve 21. yüzyıl öğrenen becerilerinin meslek öncesi öğretmen kimliğini ne düzeyde yordadığını belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. İlişkisel tarama modelinin benimsendiği bu çalışmada Meslek Öncesi Öğretmen Kimliği Ölçeği ve 21. yy. Öğrenen Becerileri Kullanım Ölçeği yardımıyla 505 öğretmen adayından veri toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde betimsel istatistikler, korelasyon analizi, bağımsız örneklem t testi, Anova ve çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizi yapılmıştır. Çalışmada öğretmen adaylarının 21. yüzyıl öğrenen becerileri ve meslek öncesi öğretmen kimliği düzeylerinin ortanın üzerinde olduğu, iki değişken arasında orta düzeyde pozitif bir ilişkin var olduğu ve öğretmen adaylarının 21. yüzyıl öğrenen becerilerinin meslek öncesi öğretmen kimliklerindeki değişiminin %40’ını açıkladığı belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlar ilgili çalışmalar bağlamında tartışılmıştır. Çalışma ile öğretmen adaylarının 21. yüzyıl öğrenen becerileri ile meslek öncesi öğretmen kimliği arasındaki ilişkiye dair alanyazındaki eksikliği doldurmak amaçlanmıştır.