bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improved sequential insertion heuristics for berth allocation problems
Authors: Rodrigues Filipe
Published: September 2023

Berth allocation decisions affect all subsequent decisions in port terminals. Thus assigning berthing positions and berthing times to vessels—known as the berth allocation problem (BAP)—is one of the most important problems in port terminals. Because this is an NP‐hard problem, most of the solution methods proposed for solving it are heuristics. Although very different, some heuristics applied to the continuous BAP share a common step usually performed several times: the insertion of vessels from an insertion sequence in the time‐space diagram that represents a BAP solution. This process is frequently done by using minimum cost sequential insertion heuristics such as bottom‐left‐based heuristics. Although fast and simple, these heuristics may not lead to high‐quality solutions. In this paper, we propose improved sequential insertion heuristics that generally outperform the traditional ones and keep their simplicity and speed. The proposed heuristics are tested on a large set of instances of BAPs with different optimization objectives, and the obtained results show that they can lead to solutions up to 70% better than those obtained by traditional sequential insertion heuristics.
In vitro prevention and inactivation of biofilms using controlled‐release iodine foam dressings for wound healing
Authors: Watson Fergus , Chen Rui , Percival Steven L.
Published: September 2023

Microbial biofilms are a major hindrance in the wound healing process, prolonging the inflammatory response phase, thus making them a target in treatment. The aim of this study is to assess the antibacterial properties of commercially available wound dressings, of various material composition and antibacterial agents, towards multiple in vitro microbial and biofilm models. A variety of in vitro microbial and biofilm models were utilised to evaluate the ability of wound dressing materials to sequester microbes, prevent dissemination and manage bioburden. Sequestering and dissemination models were used to evaluate the ability of wound dressing materials to prevent the biofilm‐forming bacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, from migrating through dressing materials over a 24–72 h challenge period. Additionally, Centre for Disease Control (CDC) Bioreactor and Drip Flow models were used to evaluate antibacterial killing efficacy towards established P. aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus biofilms using more challenging, wound‐like models. Controlled‐release iodine foam and silver‐impregnated carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) wound dressing materials demonstrated potent biofilm management properties in comparison to a methylene blue and gentian violet‐containing foam dressing. Both the iodine‐containing foam and silver‐impregnated CMC materials effectively prevented viable P. aeruginosa dissemination for up to 72 h. In addition, the controlled‐release iodine foam and silver‐impregnated CMC materials reduced P. aeruginosa bioburden in the Drip Flow model. The controlled‐release iodine foam demonstrated superiority in the CDC Bioreactor model, as both the silver‐ and iodine‐containing materials reduced S. aureus to the limit of detection, but P. aeruginosa growth was only completely reduced by controlled‐release iodine foam dressing materials. The data generated within the in vitro biofilm models supports the clinical data available in the public domain for the implementation of iodine foam dressings for effective biofilm management and control in wound care.
Leaf traits and temperature shape the elevational patterns of phyllosphere microbiome
Authors: Wang Xing , Yuan Zuoqiang , Ali Arshad , Yang Teng , Lin Fei , Mao Zikun , Ye Ji , Fang Shuai , Hao Zhanqing , XugaoWang  , Le Bagousse‐Pinguet Yoann
Published: September 2023

Aim

The phyllosphere microbiome is central to plant health, distribution, and ecosystem function, yet, we lack a clear understanding of the drivers shaping their diversity in mountain ranges. Here, we examined how the endo‐ and epiphytic phyllosphere microbiomes of mountains simultaneously respond to climate and leaf functional traits.

Location

Temperate forests of Changbai Mountain Natural Reserve, China.

Methods

We collected the leaves of dominant tree species along seven elevations from 800 to 1950. We investigated changes in species richness and Shannon diversity of endo‐ and epiphytic phyllosphere fungal and bacterial communities (using next‐generation sequencing of ITS2 and 16S) along an 1150 m elevational gradient. We also examined the direct and indirect effects of climate (mean annual temperature; MAT) and 13 leaf morphological and chemical traits on the microbiome of the phyllosphere.

Results

Phyllosphere microbiome declined monotonically with increasing elevation, contrasting with the hump‐shaped biodiversity patterns that are commonly reported. We observed a steeper decline in epiphytic bacterial diversity than in endophytic bacteria, whereas conversely endophytic fungi diversity declined more dramatically with increasing elevation than epiphytic fungi. Host plant traits – those involved in resource uptake and leaf surface temperature – predominantly shaped the elevational patterns of endophytic phyllosphere microbiome, whereas MAT mostly increased the richness and Shannon diversity of epiphytic organisms. We also observed weak, but significant indirect effects suggesting that host plant traits are important biotic drivers mediating climate effects on endophytic phyllosphere microbiome. Also, no covariation between bacteria and fungi was observed (neither for endophytic nor for epiphytic organisms), supporting neutral associations between bacterial and fungal communities, irrespective of the elevation.

Main Conclusions

Both direct and mediating effects of plant traits should be considered to better understand the drivers shaping the richness and Shannon diversity of endo‐ and epiphytic phyllosphere microbiomes, and more generally the plant–microbe associations. Our study also offers a trait‐based attempt to disentangle the effects of biotic and abiotic filters in shaping endo‐ and epiphytic phyllosphere microbiome along an elevational gradient.
Imeglimin‐mediated glycemic control in maternally inherited deafness and diabetes
Authors: Ishibashi Ryoichi , Hirayama Kiichi , Watanabe Suzuka , Okano Kosuke , Kuroda Yuta , Baba Yusuke , Kanayama Takuma , Ito Chiho , Kasahara Keisuke , Aiba Saki , Iga Ryo , Ohtani Ryohei , Inaba Yosuke , Koshizaka Masaya , Maezawa Yoshiro , Yokote Koutaro
Published: September 2023

Mitochondrial dysfunction causes maternally inherited deafness and diabetes (MIDD). Herein, we report improved glycemic control in a 47‐year‐old Japanese woman with MIDD using imeglimin without major adverse effects. Biochemical tests and metabolome analysis were performed before and after imeglimin administration. Blood glucose level fluctuations were determined. Sulfonylureas, dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors (DPP4is), and sodium glucose transporter‐2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) were administered to evaluate the efficacy of their combination with imeglimin. Imeglimin decreased the HbA1c and ammonia levels and increased the time‐in‐range, C‐peptide reactivity, and glucagon level. Elevated citrulline and histamine levels were decreased by imeglimin. The hypoglycemic effect was not enhanced by imeglimin when combined with sulfonylurea or DPP4i, but the blood glucose level was improved when combined with SGLT2i. Imeglimin improved glucose concentration‐dependent insulin secretion and maximized the insulin secretory capacity by improving mitochondrial function and glutamine metabolism and urea circuit abnormalities by promoting glucagon secretion. Imeglimin could improve glycemic control in MIDD.
Influences of long‐term care insurance on pulmonary and urinary tract infections among older people with disability
Authors: Liu Hongyun , Feng Chuanteng , Yu Bin , Ma Hua , Li Yuchen , Wu Jinhui , Dong Birong , Wang Zihang , Jia Peng , Dou Qingyu , Yang Shujuan
Published: September 2023

Background

Pulmonary infection (PI) and urinary tract infection (UTI) have been the most common cause of hospitalization and most frequent infection respectively in older people with disability (OPWD). Long‐term care insurance (LTCI) policy, intending to provide services to reduce the disease burden of OPWD, it remains unclear whether LTCI could reduce PI‐, and UTI‐related hospitalizations. This quasi‐experimental study aimed to assess the influences of LTCI on all‐cause, especially PI‐ and UTI‐related hospitalizations among OPWD and the variation across sociodemographic characteristics.

Methods

32,120 participants in the Chengdu Long‐term Care Insurance cohort were considered the intervention group, and 2,704 not covered by the LTCI were in the control group. A total of 3,134,160 hospitalization records were collected between January 2014 and June 2021. A doubly robust difference‐in‐differences (DID) method was used to estimate the average treatment effect on the treated (ATT), indicating the average effect of LTCI on intervention group.

Results

The average monthly all‐cause, PI‐, and UTI‐related hospitalization rates were 16.3%, 4.0% and 0.5% in the intervention group, respectively, and were 19.3%, 3.9% and 0.5% in the control group, respectively. Under LTCI, all‐cause (ATT [95% CI]: 7.15% [6.41%, 7.88%]), PI‐ (3.25% [2.76%, 3.74%]), and UTI‐related hospitalizations (0.46% [0.28%, 0.64%]) were decreased. The influences of LTCI became significant after 5 months since the LTCI implementation and remained stable over time. The impact was more pronounced among those with longer coverage. The overall reduction was stronger in those who were not married, lived alone, and resided in institutions.

Conclusions

LTCI may reduce the occurrence of all‐cause, PI‐, and UTI‐related hospitalizations in OPWD, with stronger influences observed over an extended period of implementation. The implementation of LTCI can play a role in reducing the burden of infectious diseases in OPWD and the care burden of families and society.
The paradoxical position of nurses regarding euthanasia and its legalisation: A descriptive quantitative study
Authors: Ortega‐Galán Ángela María , Ibáñez‐Masero Olivia , Fernández‐Martínez Elia , Ortiz‐Amo Rocío , Fernández‐Santos Laura , Ruiz‐Fernández María Dolores
Published: September 2023

Aims and Objectives

To learn about the attitudes of nurses working in the Andalusian Public Health System regarding euthanasia and its legalisation.

Background

Euthanasia often finds itself in the crosshairs of ethical and political debate on an international scale. Currently, the Spanish Organic Law 3/2021 of 24 March, 2021, recognises euthanasia as a fundamental right in Spain. It is of particular interest to know about the views, attitudes and stances that Andalusian nurses have of euthanasia as they are key players within the framework of euthanasia and administration of life‐ending drugs. They play a central role in guiding patients through the euthanasia application process.

Design

Observational descriptive study.

Methods

A study of Andalusian Public Health System nurses was carried out using non‐probability convenience sampling. 518 nurses with an average age of 44.75 years answered in a questionnaire that was distributed on an online platform. Socio‐demographic and occupational variables were assessed, together with the Death Anxiety Scale and the Euthanasia Attitude Scale. A bivariate analysis and a multivariate linear regression model were performed. The STROBE checklist was used.

Results

The mean score obtained on the Euthanasia Attitude Scale was 75.95 (SD = 16.53). The mean score obtained on the Death Anxiety Scale was 7.56 (SD = 3.05). The variables age and work experience were negatively correlated with the total scores of the Euthanasia Attitude Scale and the categories ‘Ethical considerations’, ‘Practical considerations’ and ‘Treasuring life’. On the other hand, there was a significant positive correlation between age and work experience and ‘Spiritual beliefs’ category.

Conclusions

The current situation shows a worrying paradox. There is a stark difference between positive professional attitudes towards euthanasia and the desire to participate in its application.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

It is vital that educational and healthcare institutions make the necessary efforts to ensure that nurses develop sound moral judgement, displaying the moral conscience and ethical commitment required of this established profession.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.
Accentuating the positive: How and when occupational identity threat leads to job crafting and positive outcomes
Authors: Wang Yangxin , Lau Dora C. , Kim Youngsang
Published: September 2023

Drawing on the identity literature and job crafting research, the present work investigates how occupational identity threat is positively related to individual job crafting (i.e., approach crafting and avoidance crafting) and how approach (or avoidance) crafting transforms occupational identity threat into increased job engagement and improved job performance. We also propose that the regulatory focus of individuals would moderate these relationships. After conducting two field studies, Study 1, which used data from 211 matched employee–supervisor pairs at an aluminium manufacturing company, found that occupational identity threat had a positive effect on approach and avoidance crafting. The results also showed further support for the moderating effect of prevention focus and a mediating effect of approach crafting in transferring the effect of occupational identity threat in a positive manner (i.e., higher job engagement and performance). In Study 2, we replicated the findings of Study 1 and found further evidence for the moderating effect of promotion focus and a moderated mediating effect of approach crafting on job engagement. Theoretical and practical implications of this research are discussed.
Addressing challenges to carrying out intervention programs with youth populations: Successes and strategies
Authors: Trivedi‐Bateman Neema , Martingano Alison Jane
Published: September 2023

We identify five challenges notoriously faced by researchers conducting youth intervention studies: access to the target population, successful recruitment, ensuring continued attendance, promoting engaged, enthused, and task‐focused participation, and efficient data collection. To ensure research quality, we have devised strategies to address these obstacles. Successes and lessons are included from The Compass Project (TCP), a 9‐week morality strengthening program designed to facilitate positive attitudinal and behavioral outcomes in young people. Despite four of the five identified challenges being overcome in TCP, the fifth challenge of data collection was insurmountable as many participants failed to complete questionnaire scales. We propose that researchers build on our success by building rapport and trust with participants and youth organizations and building a participant sense of community, and improve upon our design by scrutinizing the format, accessibility, and length of data measures. Ultimately, tests of whether intervention programs can result in positive outcomes in the lives of young people hinge on adequately overcoming the identified challenges. Implementation of the proposed strategies will be instrumental to allow for meaningful and powerful statistical analyses to more accurately gauge the positive impact of intervention programs on young people's lives.
Identification of Important Factors When Measuring School Climate: Latent Construct Validation and Exploration
Authors: Siebert Carl F. , Holloway Stefanie D. , DuBois David L. , Bavarian Niloofar , Lewis Kendra M. , Flay Brian
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND

Researchers regularly must decide what information is necessary to understand school climate and how to include climate in a study. For example, which factors and/or scales should be used, is using just 1 scale for school climate sufficient, and to what extent does the selection of a single scale influence the research findings?

AIMS

Understanding what factors to consider and which available scales to review will assist those interested in measuring school climate.

METHODS

This study explores 8 validated scales related to school climate. Data used are from a previous study (Social and Character Development cooperative agreement funded by IES #R305L030072 and #R305A080253) that looked atPositive Action, a social emotional and character development program for elementary‐, middle‐, and high‐school students.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION

Scale correlations and factor analyses show how these scales work together to measure overall middle school climate.
SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and long COVID among California farmworkers
Authors: Mora Ana M. , Kogut Katherine , Sandhu Nimrat K. , Ridgway Derry , Patty Chris M. , Renteria Melissa , Morga Norma , Rodriguez Maria T. , Romero Monica , Valdovinos Jose M. , Torres‐Nguyen Alma , Guzman Omar , Martinez Mario , Doty Richard L. , Padilla Ana , Flores Edward , Brown Paul M. , Eskenazi Brenda ,   the California Farmworker Health Study Team
Published: September 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this cross‐sectional study was to determine the prevalence of long COVID and identify its clinical manifestations among farmworkers in California.

Methods

We collected data on sociodemographic characteristics, anthropometrics, clinical chemistries and anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 immunoglobulin G antibodies, self‐reported SARS‐CoV‐2 infection history, and standardized health tests and scales from 297 farmworkers in California between February and July 2022.

Results

Most participants were born in Mexico or Central America, had less than a high school diploma, and were overweight or obese. The prevalence of long COVID (defined as self‐reported SARS‐CoV‐2 infection with symptoms >28 days) among farmworkers with a suspected or test‐confirmed infection was 61.8%. Participants with long COVID had higher mean [95% CI] body mass index (32.9 [31.6‐34.1]) and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein levels (4.8 [3.7, 6.0]) than those with no COVID‐19 history (30.5 [29.3‐31.7], and 3.3 [2.2, 4.3], respectively). Farmworkers with long COVID also reported greater fatigue, dyspnea, taste and smell problems, and overall poorer mental and physical health, than those with no COVID‐19 history. Farmworkers with long COVID had increased odds of functional limitations compared to those with a self‐reported SARS‐CoV‐2 infection with symptoms ≤28 days (OR [95% CI]: 7.46 [3.26, 17.09]).

Conclusions

A significant proportion of farmworkers experience long COVID with persistent symptoms that limit their ability to perform their work. A comprehensive approach that addresses the unique needs and challenges of farmworkers is warranted given this population's high prevalence of long COVID and the essential nature of their work.
Von Willebrand factor is an independent predictor of short‐term mortality in acutely ill patients with cirrhosis
Authors: van den Boom Bente P. , Stamouli Marilena , Timon Jennifer , Bernal William , Blasi Annabel , Adelmeijer Jelle , Fernandez Javier , Lisman Ton , Patel Vishal C.
Published: September 2023

Background and Aims

Levels of von Willebrand factor (VWF) are elevated in patients with cirrhosis, and correlate well with disease severity. In patients with decompensated cirrhosis (DC), plasma VWF is associated with mortality. The value of VWF in predicting short‐term mortality risk in patients with acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) is, however, unclear.

Methods

We included patients with DC (n = 111) and ACLF (n = 105). We measured VWF levels and correlated these with other laboratory parameters and prediction models for mortality. Also, we assessed the predictive value of VWF in the prediction of 90‐ and 30‐day mortality in patients with DC and ACLF, respectively, and compared this to the predictive value of clinically used prediction models. Finally, we determined the optimal cut‐off value for VWF in patients with ACLF.

Results

Sixteen of 111 (14%) patients with DC and 35 of 105 (33%) with ACLF died within 90 and 30 days, respectively. VWF was associated with mortality and correlated closely with other prediction models. In patients with ACLF, VWF levels had a discrimination for 30‐day mortality comparable with these models and accurately identified ACLF patients with high 30‐day mortality risk.

Conclusions

Levels of VWF associate closely with risk of mortality in patients with DC and ACLF, and may have predictive utility as a laboratory marker of prognosis. Further research is warranted to assess the additional value of VWF in the prediction of mortality and associated complications in chronic liver failure syndromes.
Genetic mixing in conservation translocations increases diversity of a keystone threatened species,Bettongia lesueur
Authors: Nistelberger Heidi M. , Roycroft Emily , Macdonald Anna J. , McArthur Shelley , White Lauren C. , Grady Patrick G. S. , Pierson Jennifer , Sims Colleen , Cowen Saul , Moseby Katherine , Tuft Katherine , Moritz Craig , Eldridge Mark D. B. , Byrne Margaret , Ottewell Kym
Published: September 2023

Translocation programmes are increasingly being informed by genetic data to monitor and enhance conservation outcomes for both natural and established populations. These data provide a window into contemporary patterns of genetic diversity, structure and relatedness that can guide managers in how to best source animals for their translocation programmes. The inclusion of historical samples, where possible, strengthens monitoring by allowing assessment of changes in genetic diversity over time and by providing a benchmark for future improvements in diversity via management practices. Here, we used reduced representation sequencing (ddRADseq) data to report on the current genetic health of three remnant and seven translocated boodie (Bettongia lesueur) populations, now extinct on the Australian mainland. In addition, we used exon capture data from seven historical mainland specimens and a subset of contemporary samples to compare pre‐decline and current diversity. Both data sets showed the significant impact of population founder source (whether multiple or single) on the genetic diversity of translocated populations. Populations founded by animals from multiple sources showed significantly higher genetic diversity than the natural remnant and single‐source translocation populations, and we show that by mixing the most divergent populations, exon capture heterozygosity was restored to levels close to that observed in pre‐decline mainland samples. Relatedness estimates were surprisingly low across all contemporary populations and there was limited evidence of inbreeding. Our results show that a strategy of genetic mixing has led to successful conservation outcomes for the species in terms of increasing genetic diversity and provides strong rationale for mixing as a management strategy.
Nationwide survey of ticks on domesticated animals in Taiwan: Revealing the hidden threat to animal and public health
Authors: Liao Jhih‐Rong , Liao Yi‐Hao , Liao Kuei‐Min , Wu Huai‐Hui , Tu Wu‐Chun , Lin Ying‐Hsi
Published: September 2023

Ticks are not only bloodsucking ectoparasites but also important vectors of tick‐borne diseases (TBDs), posing significant threats to public and animal health. Domesticated animals serve as critical hosts for numerous ticks, highlighting the importance of understanding tick infestations in Taiwan. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a nationwide survey to identify ticks on domesticated animals and associated environments in 2018 and 2019. A total of 6,205 ticks were collected from 1,337 host animals, revealing the presence of seven tick species, withRhipicephalus microplus, andRhipicephalus sanguineusbeing the dominant species. High infestation rates and widespread distribution of ticks were observed on domesticated animals, especially on dogs and cattle (yellow cattle and angus cattle), and the neighbouring grassland of yellow cattle. While this study has certain limitations, it provides valuable insights into the distribution and prevalence of ticks on domesticated animals in Taiwan and their implications for controlling TBDs. Further research is needed to comprehensively understand the complex interactions among ticks, hosts and pathogens.
Redeployment to critical care during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A phenomenological study
Authors: Scott Margaret , Wade Rachel , Tucker Guy , Unsworth John
Published: September 2023

Background

The redeployment of staff which involves moving staff from one clinical setting to another is a key feature of health care management. Rising demand associated with chronic disease and seasonal variation makes redeployment increasingly commonplace. During the COVID‐19 pandemic preparation for the influx of patients included sourcing equipment and resources and the redeployment of staff to respiratory wards and critical care.

Aim

The aim of this study was to explore the lived experience of redeployment to critical care during the COVID‐19 pandemic from the perspective of those individuals who were moved to help and critical care core staff.

Study Design

A transcendental phenomenological study involving semi‐structured interviews with staff redeployed and critical care core staff was conducted. Data were collected from staff in one critical care department of a large NHS Trust in England between the second and third pandemic wave (April–June 2021).

Results

Analysis of the data led to the identification of seven meaning units: intention, apprehension, expectations, familiarity, preparation, support, and own work. Intention related to the decisions made by managers regarding whom to redeploy and the reasons why people were chosen. Apprehension and expectations were closely linked and related to critical care skills and knowledge as well as anxiety about infection risk. Familiarity was a key element of people feeling comfortable and the confidence core staff had in colleagues who had come to help. Support and preparation helped but staff were anxious about their own work and concerned about the open‐ended nature of redeployment.

Conclusion

Familiarity and recency of critical care experience played a significant role in how useful redeployed staff were. Redeployed staff were concerned about assumptions being made and expectations of themselves as well as detachment from their usual support network.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Continued shortages of registered nurses globally combined with the need to create additional critical care capacity during emergencies such as infection outbreaks means that redeployment of staff will continue for some time. Identifying the impact of redeployment on staff will enable services to better prepare and support registered nurses who are redeployed to critical care.
How rediscovering nodality can improve democratic governance in a digital world
Authors: Margetts Helen , John Peter
Published: September 2023

In Hood's (1983) classic “NATO” scheme, nodality—centrality and visibility in information networks—is one of the four tools of government. Despite its potential as a resource to effect policy change, contemporary scholars have largely neglected this unique policy tool. However, the growing prominence of digital platforms in public life prompts a rediscovery of this concept. The decisive shift is the parallel growth of citizen nodality, which can increase societal capacity and enhance government nodality, partly by allowing citizens to challenge government nodality. Moreover, citizen nodality and government nodality can interact to promote more democratic government. With the aim of rediscovering and updating nodality, this article defines the concept, reviews how the modern digital landscape has transformed the practice of nodality, and proposes a conceptual and methodological toolkit. The goal is to understand how nodality may be more effectively used by policy‐makers while at the same time fostering democratic governance.
The role of WhatsApp™ in pediatric difficult airway management: A study from the PeDI Collaborative
Authors: Pankiv Evelina , Achaibar Kira , Hossain Alomgir , Fiadjoe John E. , Matava Clyde T. ,   PeDI‐C Collaborators
Published: September 2023

Background

Management of the pediatric difficult airway can present unique clinical challenges. The Pediatric Difficult Intubation Collaborative (PeDI‐C) is an international collaborative group engaging in quality improvement and research in children with difficult airways. The PeDI‐C established a WhatsApp™ group to facilitate real‐time discussions around the management of the difficult airway in pediatric patients. The goals of this study were to evaluate the patterns of use of the WhatsApp™ group, themes on messages posted on pediatric difficult airway management and to assess the perceived usefulness of the WhatsApp™ group by the PeDI‐C members.

Method

Following research ethics approval, we performed a database analysis on the archived discussion of the PeDI‐C WhatsApp™ group from 2014 to 2019 and surveyed members to assess the perceived usefulness of the PeDI‐C WhatsApp™ group.

Results

5781 messages were reviewed with 350 (6.0%) original stems. The three most common original stem types were advice seeking 98 (28%), announcements 85 (24.2%), and clinical case‐sharing 78 (22.2%). The median number of responses to original stems was 9 [2–21.3]. Post types associated with increased responses included those seeking advice on medication/equipment (regression coefficient 0.78, 95% CI [0.41–1.16]; p < .0001); seeking advice on patient care (regression coefficient 1.16, 95% CI [0.86–1.45]; p < .0001), sharing advice on medication/equipment availability (regression coefficient 0.87, 95% CI [0.33–1.40], p < .0016), and clinical case‐sharing (regression coefficient 1.2547, 95% CI [0.9401–1.5693] p < .0001). 46/64 members of the group responded to the survey. Replies offering advice regarding patient management scenarios were found to be of most interest and 77% of surveyed members found the discussion translatable into their own clinical practice.

Discussion

The PeDI‐C WhatsApp™ group has facilitated timely knowledge exchange on pediatric difficult airway management across the world. Participants are satisfied with the role the Whatsapp™ group is playing.
HLA (emphasis on DQ) compatibility for longer allograft survival in pediatric transplantation: Modern evidence and challenges
Authors: Meneghini Maria , Tambur Anat Roitberg
Published: September 2023

Kidney transplantation is the treatment of choice for children with end‐stage kidney failure, yet suboptimal outcomes, the need for long‐term immunosuppression, and the dependency on consecutive transplants pose significant barriers to success. Providing better HLA‐matched organs to pediatric patients seems to be the most logical approach to improve graft and patient outcomes and to reduce risk of anti‐HLA sensitization after graft failure. We here review recent literature on HLA matching in pediatric kidney transplantation. We further review newer approaches attempting to improve matching by using molecular mismatch load analysis. Our main focus is on the role of HLA‐DQ compatibility between recipient and donor. We further emphasize the need to develop creative approaches that will support HLA (and DQ) matching utilization in organ allocation schemes, at least in those geared specifically for pediatric patients.
Treatable traits for long COVID
Authors: Lewthwaite Hayley , Byrne Anthony , Brew Bruce , Gibson Peter G.
Published: September 2023

Long COVID, or post‐acute COVID‐19 sequelae, is experienced by an estimated one in eight adults following acute COVID‐19. Long COVID is a new and complex chronic health condition that typically includes multiple symptoms that cross organ systems and fluctuate over time; a one‐size‐fits‐all approach is, therefore, not likely to be appropriate nor relevant for long COVID treatment. ‘Treatable Traits’ is a personalized medicine approach, purpose‐built to address the complexity and heterogeneity of complex chronic conditions. This comprehensive review aimed to understand how a treatable traits approach could be applied to long COVID, by first identifying the most prevalent long COVID treatable traits and then the available evidence for strategies to target these traits. An umbrella review of 22 systematic reviews identified 34 symptoms and complications common with long COVID, grouped into eight long COVID treatable trait clusters: neurological, chest, psychological, pain, fatigue, sleep impairment, functional impairment and other. A systematic review of randomized control trials identified 18 studies that explored different intervention approaches for long COVID prevention (k = 4) or management (k = 14). While a single study reported metformin as effective for long COVID prevention, the findings need to be replicated and consensus is required around how to define long COVID as a clinical trial endpoint. For long COVID management, current evidence supports exercise training or respiratory muscle training for long COVID treatable traits in the chest and functional limitation clusters. While there are studies exploring interventions targeting other long COVID treatable traits, further high‐quality RCTs are needed, particularly targeting treatable traits in the clusters of fatigue, psychological, pain and sleep impairment.
Topical dexpanthenol effects on physiological parameters of the stratum corneum by Confocal Raman Microspectroscopy
Authors: Porto Ferreira Vitoria Tonini , Silva Gustavo Carlos , Martin Airton Abrahão , Maia Campos Patrícia Maria Berardo Gonçalves
Published: September 2023

Background

Topical use of dexpanthenol presents well‐established moisturizing properties and maintenance and repair of the skin barrier function, however, its exact action mechanisms are not completely elucidated. In this context, Confocal Raman Microspectroscopy is an optical method that enables non‐invasive and non‐destructive in vivo analysis with the sensitive acquisition of molecular changes in different skin layers. Herein, the aim was to evaluate the effects of topical dexpanthenol on the components and physiological parameters of the stratum corneum (SC).

Materials and methods

Ten healthy female subjects underwent skin evaluation by means of a Confocal Raman Spectrometer Skin Analyzer 3510. Spectral data were obtained from the skin of the anterior forearm region, before and 2 h after applying a cosmetic formulation containing or not containing 5% dexpanthenol.

Results

Semiquantitative analysis of the natural moisturizing factor showed a significant decrease in content after 2 h of topical dexpanthenol application, while the analysis of the lamellar organization of intercellular lipids and the secondary structure of keratin showed a significant increase in hexagonal organization of lipids at the first half of the SC and a significant increase in β‐pleated sheet conformation of keratin.

Conclusion

Effects of topical dexpanthenol on SC suggest a contribution in increasing fluidity of both lipidic and protein components of the SC and are compatible with dexpanthenol activity in maintaining adequate physiological conditions and preventing transepidermal water loss. This study also contributes to the elucidation of action mechanisms and other concurrent biochemical processes.
Ectomycorrhizal symbiosis prepares its host locally and systemically for abiotic cue signaling
Authors: de Freitas Pereira Maíra , Cohen David , Auer Lucas , Aubry Nathalie , Bogeat‐Triboulot Marie‐Béatrice , Buré Cyril , Engle Nancy L. , Jolivet Yves , Kohler Annegret , Novák Ondřej , Pavlović Iva , Priault Pierrick , Tschaplinski Timothy J. , Hummel Irène , Vaultier Marie‐Noëlle , Veneault‐Fourrey Claire
Published: September 2023

Tree growth and survival are dependent on their ability to perceive signals, integrate them, and trigger timely and fitted molecular and growth responses. While ectomycorrhizal symbiosis is a predominant tree‐microbe interaction in forest ecosystems, little is known about how and to what extent it helps trees cope with environmental changes. We hypothesized that the presence of Laccaria bicolor influences abiotic cue perception by Populus trichocarpa and the ensuing signaling cascade. We submitted ectomycorrhizal or non‐ectomycorrhizal P. trichocarpa cuttings to short‐term cessation of watering or ozone fumigation to focus on signaling networks before the onset of any physiological damage. Poplar gene expression, metabolite levels, and hormone levels were measured in several organs (roots, leaves, mycorrhizas) and integrated into networks. We discriminated the signal responses modified or maintained by ectomycorrhization. Ectomycorrhizas buffered hormonal changes in response to short‐term environmental variations systemically prepared the root system for further fungal colonization and alleviated part of the root abscisic acid (ABA) signaling. The presence of ectomycorrhizas in the roots also modified the leaf multi‐omics landscape and ozone responses, most likely through rewiring of the molecular drivers of photosynthesis and the calcium signaling pathway. In conclusion, P. trichocarpa‐L. bicolor symbiosis results in a systemic remodeling of the host's signaling networks in response to abiotic changes. In addition, ectomycorrhizal, hormonal, metabolic, and transcriptomic blueprints are maintained in response to abiotic cues, suggesting that ectomycorrhizas are less responsive than non‐mycorrhizal roots to abiotic challenges.
Assessment of a Novel Application of the Capture-Trap-Terminate Approach for Treating Aerosol Products During Dental Procedures
Authors: Anshar Muh , Marlina Erni , Yoanita Yossy , Ruslin Muhammad , Djamaluddin Dewiani , Arsyad Thaha Muhammad , Rusman Muhammad , Hajrah Yusuf Andi Sitti
Published: September 2023

The present study aimed to report a novel developed technology for disinfecting pathogens in aerosols produced by dental health applications. The proposed method was integrated into a disinfection room installed inside an extraoral dental aerosol suction system. The experimental phase was designed to measure the application of the system during dental care management. These experiments assessed the effectiveness of the proposed mechanism in disinfecting captured micro-organisms. The results showed that the system reduced the quantity and coverage area of harmful splatters and aerosols by ∼50%. Future studies should verify the effectiveness of the approach for measuring the temperature inside the disinfection room and the number of pathogens, including coronavirus, that remain after the disinfection process.
Erratum to: Stability of a Magnetically Actuated Satellite towards the Sun on a Sun-Synchronous Orbit
Authors: Roldugin D. S.
Published: September 2023

An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0010952523330018
Opposition-based Learning Cooking Algorithm (OLCA) for solving global optimization and engineering problems
Authors: Gopi S. , Mohapatra Prabhujit
Published: September 2023

This study introduces a new human-based meta-heuristic algorithm, the Learning Cooking Algorithm (LCA), based on the opposition-based learning (OBL) strategy, namely the Opposition-based Learning Cooking Algorithm (OLCA). The proposed OLCA algorithm consists of four stages: the first stage, where the OBL strategy is implemented to improve the initial population; the second stage, where children learn from their respective mothers; the third stage, where children and mothers learn from chefs; and the fourth stage, where OBL is applied again to update the population. The proposed OLCA has been examined over 23 test functions, and the OLCA outcomes are equated with several popular and top-performing optimization algorithms. The statistical outcomes, such as the average (Ave), standard deviation (Std), Wilcoxon rank-sum test, and [Formula: see text]-test, reveal that the outcomes of OLCA may effectively address optimization problems by maintaining a proper balance between exploitation and exploration. Furthermore, the proposed OLCA has been employed to solve three real-world engineering problems, such as the tension/compression spring problem, the gear train problem, and the three-bar truss problem. The results demonstrate the OLCA’s superiority and capability over other algorithms in solving engineering problems.
ESTIMATING THE EFFECTS OF PRICE LIBERALIZATION IN CHINA’S AVIATION INDUSTRY
Authors: CHEN JIAHUI , DU LIMIN , SHI JINCHUAN
Published: September 2023

China’s domestic aviation industry has undergone price liberalization reform via the deregulation of airfare since 2004. However, the impact of this policy has not been scientifically evaluated. This paper aims to analyze the effect of the 2017 price liberalization reform on airfares and identify the primary cause of this effect from the perspective of competition within the industry. Empirical results show that the liberalization of airfares leads to a significant increase in the average price of tickets. And the concentration of route markets plays a role in raising fares above the equilibrium level, which diminishes social welfare. Furthermore, heterogeneity analysis demonstrates that the liberalization policy has a greater impact on fares for long-haul routes, nonleisure routes and routes operated by carriers other than low-cost carriers (LCCs).
Thermodynamical phase transitions of AdS black hole in Horava–Lifshitz gravity
Authors: Ren Haizhen , Wang Zefeng , Chen Juhua , Wang Yongjiu
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we investigate the thermodynamical phase transitions of the spherically symmetric AdS black hole in Horava–Lifshitz (HL) gravity for the detailed balance violation parameter [Formula: see text]. First, by calculating the HP temperature [Formula: see text], the minimum temperature [Formula: see text] and the Gibbs free energy [Formula: see text] of the AdS black hole in different values of parameter [Formula: see text], we find that the HP phase transition can occur at all pressures. Comparing the HP temperature [Formula: see text] with the minimum temperature [Formula: see text], we notice that the ratio of [Formula: see text] tends to 1 when [Formula: see text]. Second, for the small–large black hole phase transition of the AdS black hole, we discover that the black hole heat capacity is divergent at the minimum temperature [Formula: see text], the small–large black hole phase transition occurs at the same time. Furthermore, the black hole entropy also exists [Formula: see text] when [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] when the black hole temperature has its minimum [Formula: see text], we surprisingly find that the ratio of [Formula: see text] tends to [Formula: see text] when the dimension [Formula: see text], which provides a general relation between the Hawking–Page phase transition and the small–large black hole phase transition of the AdS black hole in the large dimension. All in all, the ratios of typical temperature and entropy of two kinds of phase transitions tend to natural constant in the large dimension limit, which may imply to understand the nature of two different phase transitions.
Bremsstrahlung from neutrino scattering via magnetic dipole moments
Authors: Asteriadis Konstantin , Quiroga Triviño Alejandro , Spinrath Martin
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we discuss bremsstrahlung induced by neutrino scattering. This process should exist since neutrinos are expected to couple to photons via magnetic dipole and transition moments. These moments are loop-induced and tiny in the Standard Model with neutrino masses but could be significantly enhanced in extended theories. As concrete example, we study the scattering of the two largest neutrino fluxes on earth, solar neutrinos and Cosmic Neutrino Background (CNB). It is tempting to consider this as a potential signature for CNB searches but it turns out that the signal is extremely small and unlikely to be observed.
SHAMROQ: A Software Engineering Methodology to Extract Deontic Expressions from the Code of Federal Regulations — A Single-Case, Embedded Case Study
Authors: Cook Patrick D. , Mengel Susan A. , Parameswaran Siva
Published: September 2023

This research provides a comprehensive analysis of deontic expressions within the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Title 48, Federal Acquisition Regulations System, specifically focusing on obligations, permissions, prohibitions, and dispensations. Utilizing SHAMROQ, a systematic and rigorous methodology, the authors extract, classify, and analyze these expressions, quantify their prevalence, and identify common linguistic patterns within the legal text. The results show that obligations (71.3%) form most deontic expressions in CFR 48, indicating the heavily prescriptive nature of the document. Permissions also form a significant part (21.9%), suggesting the liberties and allowances are embedded within the regulatory framework. In contrast, prohibitions (5.4%) and dispensations (1.4%) are less frequent, indicating that the document leans more towards defining what is required or allowed rather than what is explicitly forbidden or exempted. This research also highlights the challenges encountered during the extraction process, providing insights into the complexities of parsing legal texts and the intricacies of deontic language. These challenges range from the technical difficulties of parsing a complex hierarchical document to the conceptual challenges of defining precise rulesets for regulations and provisions. In summary, the results deepen the understanding of regulatory compliance in software engineering and contribute to the development of more effective and efficient automated extraction tools.
Experiment Study on Column Supported Resilient Tank with Passive Control Devices Considering Uplift Effect
Authors: Zhou Junwen , Zhao Ming , Liu Jiepeng
Published: September 2023

Compared to ground supported tank, column supported tank has the advantages of saving land space, having strong adaptability and making gas transmission cost small. It can be mass-produced in the center of a city, which has been widely used in practices. However, its seismic responses are much different from those of cylindrical tank. Limited research works and standard codes involve uplift effect and retrofitting measure of column supported tanks. Therefore, a shaking table test is conducted with a model tank designed by quasi-dimensional analysis method. To solve the problem of the anchored tank that may suffer damage under severe earthquake, a designed resilient tank is presented with mild steel dampers. The seismic responses of those two tanks are compared with each other, including the structural displacement parallel to excitation direction, the strain of tank walls and columns, the uplift displacement and the structural force. The results show that due to the uplift effect and the energy dissipation of dampers, the resilient tank has larger horizontal displacement, but less base shear and overturning moment than the anchored tank. Its strains of columns and walls in excitation direction decrease obviously, while those in perpendicular direction increase but with small variation, resulting in more balanced force allocation of the resilient tank. When encountering plastic failure, the dampers can be replaced in a very short time, making the normal use of the tank quickly even extreme condition. The resilient tank can save repairing time and cost. It can help resume the gas supply function of a city quickly after severe earthquake.