bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Overcoming the threat of anti-bias interventions: Combining self-report and psychophysiological measures to capture the process of change
Authors: van Nunspeet Félice , Veenstra Esmee M. , Monteiro Graça Casquinho Beatriz , Ellemers Naomi , Scheepers Daan , Wickham Miriam I. , Bacchini Elena A. M. , van der Toorn Jojanneke ,   on behalf of The Organizational Behaviour Group
Published: January 2025

Anti-bias interventions do not always have the intended results and can even backfire. In light of research on the psychology of morality, we examined whether confronting people with evidence of their own (group’s) bias causes a (psychophysiological) threat response, and how to overcome this. We focused on an intervention addressing gender bias in teacher evaluations. After assessing their own teaching evaluations, we presented student research participants (N = 101; 71.3% female), in Part 1 of the intervention, with evidence of bias displayed in such teaching evaluations. This evidence either did (self-implied condition) or did not (self not-implied condition) include participants’ own ostensibly biased evaluations. In Part 2 of the intervention, we asked participants to reflect on the issue of gender bias, and compared the impact of two experimental instructions. In the promotion condition, instructions referred to emphasizing how the university could try to achieve the ideal of promoting fair and just evaluations of teachers. In the prevention condition, instructions referred to highlighting the university’s obligation to prevent unfair and unjust teacher evaluations. While participants verbally reflected on the intervention, during both phases (in Part 1 and Part 2) we measured their psychophysiological responses using indices of cardiovascular ‘threat vs. challenge’. Then, we used self-report measures to examine participants’ explicit responses to the different parts of the intervention. Results revealed that implicating the self in the occurrence of bias (Part 1) raises a psychophysiological threat response. However, emphasizing the future ideal of promoting fair evaluations of teachers (rather than the obligation of preventing biased evaluations; Part 2) resulted in a psychophysiological challenge response and increased perceived coping abilities to combat such bias. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Molecular epidemiology and phylogenetic insights of lumpy skin disease in cattle from diverse agro-ecological regions of Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Jabbar Muhammad Haider , Atif Farhan Ahmad , Kashif Muhammad , Ahmed Ishtiaq , Iarussi Fabrizio , Swelum Ayman A.
Published: January 2025

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an emerging, highly contagious transboundary disease of bovines caused by the Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), responsible for substantial economic losses to the dairy, meat, and leather industries in Pakistan as well as various countries around the world. Epidemiological information on LSD is scarce in Punjab, Pakistan. Therefore, a molecular epidemiological study was conducted in two agro-ecologically diverse districts (Bhakkar and Jhang) of Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 800 blood samples were randomly collected from the jugular vein of clinically suspected cattle with nodular lesions using a multistage cluster sampling technique. The sampling unit was indigenous, crossbred, and exotic breeds of cattle. Four hundred samples were collected from each district. Ten union councils (UC) were selected from each district, and two villages were selected from each union council. From each village, twenty cattle were selected for sample collection. The PCR-based overall prevalence of LSDV in clinically suspected cattle using the P32 gene was 36.25% (36.25%; 290/800). The multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that animals who were not treated with acaricide (P = 0.014; OR = 1.459; C.I = 1.079–1.972), body condition score (emaciated animals; P = 0.019; OR = 1.573; CI = 1.076–2.301), and gender (female; (P = 0.016; OR = 1.435; CI = 1.072–1.969) were significantly at higher risk for LSDV infection in cattle. The phylogenetic insights revealed that our isolates were linked to Kenya, China, Russia, Egypt, India, Zimbabwe, Iraq, and Iran. It can be concluded that LSD is widely distributed in the study area, with evidence of genetic diversity. Further studies are required on genetic composition using variable genetic markers for effective control and eradication of LSDV in Pakistan.
Supervised exercise-based rehabilitation for people with intermittent claudication–Study protocol for a Danish implementation process (StRiDE)
Authors: Hajdú Sara Fredslund , Bøgard Helle , Aagaard Thomas Vedste , Roikjær Stine Gundtoft , Simonÿ Charlotte , Dalhoff Anne , Houlind Kim , Luijk Alexander , Ulriksen Ida , Jensen Lotte Therkildsen , Skou Søren T. , Tang Lars Hermann
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Intermittent claudication is a peripheral artery disease caused by arteriosclerosis. People with intermittent claudication experience leg cramping during walking, with relief of symptoms during rest. Evidence shows that by participating in supervised exercise therapy and smoking cessation programs, people with intermittent claudication can reduce those symptoms and improve health-related quality of life and maximal walking distance while minimizing the need for an operation. However, implementation of such health-promoting initiatives in clinical practice in Denmark and other countries is limited. This is a protocol presenting the implementation process of supervised exercise therapy and smoking cessation in a region of Denmark.

Methods and analysis

The implementation process is a collaboration between the municipalities in the Region of Zealand and the Department of Vascular Surgery at University Hospital Zealand. The study uses a convergent mixed-methods prospective clinical cohort design, and the theoretical frame of this implementation process follows the framework for Adapting an existing intervention to a new context (ADAPT). The process involves stakeholder engagement, ongoing evaluation through key performance indicators and relevant outcomes that will inform the implementation process across and within each municipality.

Dissemination

Dissemination will happen throughout the process through continued meetings with stakeholders and dissemination of performance indicators and outcome results obtained through a database. All information about the study and material will be freely available. The project is registred on Clinicalgov (NCT06299956).
Prevalence of neonatal sepsis and associated factors among neonates admitted in the neonatal intensive care unit at Lira Regional Referral Hospital, Northern Uganda
Authors: Katugume Brendah , Muzungu JohnBaptist , Okello Nelson , Kigongo Eustes , Namutebi Deborah Andrinar
Published: January 2025

Background

Sepsis is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity among neonates. An estimated 5.29–8.73 million Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) are lost annually in SSA due to neonatal sepsis (NS). Uganda registered stagnated neonatal mortality of 27 deaths per 1000 live births in 2020 of which 12% was attributed to NS. Early risk factor identification and improved obstetric care are proven to reduce deaths due to NS, yet there is scanty literature on the LRRH. We, therefore, determined the prevalence of NS and identified its associated factors within the LRRH of northern Uganda.

Methods

A hospital-based, cross-sectional study with a retrospective chart review was conducted in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at Lira Regional Referral Hospital (LRRH), in northern Uganda. 194 records of neonates admitted to the NICU from September 2022 to February 2023 were reviewed. The participant records were selected by systematic sampling technique and a structured data extraction tool was used to collect data. Using SPSS version 25 data entry and analysis were done. The univariable analysis gave a general description of the data. Logistic regression analysis was used to show associations and the statistical significance was declared at a P value of 0.05 after multivariable analysis.

Results

Among a total of 194 neonates whose charts were reviewed, 80 neonates had neonatal sepsis, giving a proportion of 0.412 and then prevalence of 41.2%. Age in days of the neonate (AOR = 4.212, 95% CI: [1.627-10.903]) for neonates of 1-3days of age, sex where males (AOR = 2.09, 95% CI: [1.123-3.887]), an APGAR score of 1-4 at birth (AOR = 0.309, 95% CI: [0.115-0.831]) and weight at birth <2500g (AOR = 2.543, 95% CI: [1.381-4.683]) were significantly related to it.

Conclusions and recommendations

The results found the prevalence of NS among neonates admitted to the NICU of LRRH high at 41.2%. Factors 1-3 days of age, male sex, a birth weight of <2500g, and an Apgar score of 1-4 at birth among all neonates were significant. Therefore, it was suggested that caregivers ensure safe newborn care, detect infections early, and use prophylactic antibiotics for high-risk babies after birth, to reduce NS. Further research will be conducted on the major causative agents and outcomes of NS in the NICU of LRRH.
How much time to figure out how to get where? Route planning and subjective stress under time pressure
Authors: Plonski Paul E. , Patel Prsni , Ossenfort Kathryn L. , Taylor Holly A. , Brunyé Tad T. , Urry Heather L.
Published: January 2025

From a daily commute to military operations in hostile territory and natural disaster responses, people frequently move from place to place. Cognition (e.g., wayfinding) occurs in conjunction with behavior (e.g., locomotion) to facilitate spatial navigation–intentional movement through space. People often use maps to plan routes, which is part of wayfinding. Time pressure is common during navigation, even during route planning, for example from time constraints (e.g., a deadline), waiting periods (e.g., technological problems), or imposed urgency (e.g., someone tells you to hurry up). Route planning requires knowing where to go, determining how to get there, and managing transient stressors that can influence performance. Across cognitive and behavioral domains, time pressure is often conceptualized as a stressor and examined with a single operationalization. As a result, we do not know to what extent time constraints, waiting periods, and imposed urgency independently or interactively a) contribute to the sense of subjective stress, and b) impact spatial performance. Our work addressed these knowledge gaps using a computerized spatial task that centrally involved planning and tracing routes on maps. We describe this new methodology for studying route planning and demonstrate experimental effects of urgency messaging on increased subjective stress and decreased time between map presentation and first click (planning time). When participants took longer to plan or drew longer routes, they reported greater subjective stress. Results carry implications for the design and implementation of time pressure manipulations, route planning in stressful conditions, and mitigating or optimizing stress effects on performance.
A discrete choice experiment with health professions trainees to improve the urban-rural health care access disparity in Appalachia: Study protocol
Authors: Gillette Chris , Ostermann Jan , Garvick Sarah , Everett Chris , Caviness Dawn , Aguilar Aylin A.
Published: January 2025

Globally, those who live in rural areas experience significant barriers to accessing health care due to a maldistribution of health care providers. Those who live in rural areas in the Appalachian region of the United States face one of the worst shortages of health care providers despite experiencing more complex health needs compared to Americans in more affluent, urban areas. Prior research has failed to identify effective solutions to narrow the provider maldistribution, despite it being a policy focus for decades. More work is needed to better understand the complex, multidimensional process in which health care providers select jobs and how job, community, and providers’ intrapersonal characteristics influence job selection. This paper is a protocol for a study aimed at identifying effective policies and incentives to improve recruitment of healthcare providers for their first job in rural Appalachia. We will use rigorous, theoretically grounded discrete choice experiment methodology (DCE) to accomplish the study’s objective. The main outcome will be the relative importance of alternative community and job characteristics for trainees’ choices of jobs in rural Appalachia. secondary outcomes of interest will be trade-offs that these trainees make when selecting a job, described in the form of marginal rates of substitution (mRS). Participants include medical residents and fellows, PA students and NP students in their final year of training. The choice context will be the recruitment of these trainees for their first job. Data will be analyzed using mixed logit analysis. Results from this DCE will improve our understanding of the job selection process for health care providers. The identification and prioritization of predictors of trainees’ rural job choices will allow for the development of policies and incentives that will enable policymakers and health care systems to recruit more providers to rural and underserved areas.
Critical behavioral traits foster peer engagement in Online Mental Health Communities
Authors: Srivastava Aseem , Gupta Tanya , Cerezo Alison , Lord Sarah Peregrine (Grin) , Akhtar Md Shad , Chakraborty Tanmoy
Published: January 2025

Online Mental Health Communities (OMHCs), such as Reddit, have witnessed a surge in popularity as go-to platforms for seeking information and support in managing mental health needs. Platforms like Reddit offer immediate interactions with peers, granting users a vital space for seeking mental health assistance. However, the largely unregulated nature of these platforms introduces intricate challenges for both users and society at large. This study explores the factors that drive peer engagement within counseling threads, aiming to enhance our understanding of this critical phenomenon. We introduce BeCOPE, a novel behavior encoded Peer counseling dataset comprising over 10, 118 posts and 58, 279 comments sourced from 21 mental health-specific subreddits. The dataset is annotated using three major fine-grained behavior labels: (a) intent, (b) criticism, and (c) readability, along with the emotion labels. Our analysis indicates the prominence of “self-criticism” as the most prevalent form of criticism expressed by help-seekers, accounting for a significant 43% of interactions. Intriguingly, we observe that individuals who explicitly express their need for help are 18.01% more likely to receive assistance compared to those who present “surveys” or engage in “rants.” Furthermore, we highlight the pivotal role of well-articulated problem descriptions, showing that superior readability effectively doubles the likelihood of receiving the sought-after support. Our study emphasizes the essential role of OMHCs in offering personalized guidance and unveils behavior-driven engagement patterns.
Modulation pattern recognition method of wireless communication automatic system based on IABLN algorithm in intelligent system
Authors: Xie Ting , Han Xing
Published: January 2025

The aim of this study is to address the limitations of convolutional networks in recognizing modulation patterns. These networks are unable to utilize temporal information effectively for feature extraction and modulation pattern recognition, resulting in inefficient modulation pattern recognition. To address this issue, a signal modulation recognition method based on a two-way interactive temporal attention network algorithm has been developed. A two-way interactive temporal network is designed on the basis of the long and short-term memory network with the objective of enhancing the contextual connection of the temporal network. The output of the temporal network is attentively weighted using the soft attention mechanism. The proposed algorithm exhibited enhanced overall, average, and maximum recognition rates at varying signal-to-noise ratios, with an increase of 10.34%, 8.33%, and 3.33%, respectively, in comparison to other algorithms within the Radio Machine Learning (RML) 2016.10b dataset. Furthermore, the modulated signal recognition accuracy was as high as 92.84%, with an average increase in the Kappa coefficient of 12.28%. The Kappa coefficient in the Communication Signal Processing Benchmark for Machine Learning (CSPB.ML2018) 2018 dataset was 0.62, representing an average increase of 10.32% over other algorithms. The results demonstrate that the proposed recognition method can enhance the network’s accuracy in recognizing modulated signals. Moreover, it has potential applications in modulation pattern recognition in automatic systems for wireless communications.
The impact of resident involvement and postgraduate year on head and neck surgery for obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Bentan Mihai A. , Mastoloni Elizabeth , Lee Lawrance , Nord Ryan
Published: January 2025

To assess the impact of resident involvement and resident postgraduate year (PGY) on head and neck obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) surgical outcomes. We analyzed head and neck OSA surgeries from 2005–2012 via the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. Demographic, preoperative, and postoperative variables were analyzed via multivariate regression to determine the impact of resident involvement and resident PGY on 30-day outcomes. Of 975 surgeries, 234 (24.0%) involved a resident: 120 (51.3%) involved a junior (PGY 1–3) resident and 114 (48.7%) involved a senior (PGY 4–5) resident. Multivariate analysis showed no significant impact on surgical, medical, or overall complication rates with resident involvement (all p > 0.05). Likewise, after separation of involved residents into junior or senior cohorts based on PGY, neither junior nor senior resident involvement significantly increased the odds of medical, surgical, or overall complications compared to operations performed by the attending alone (all p > 0.05). Resident involvement significantly increased readmission rates (6.1% versus 1.4%, p = 0.041) and operation time (92.1 ± 59.9 minutes versus 53.6 ± 42.0 minutes, p < 0.001) when compared to cases without resident involvement. Resident involvement in OSA surgery does not significantly impact rates of surgical medical, or overall complications. However, resident involvement increases 30-day readmission rates and almost doubles operation time, suggesting that resident involvement in head and neck OSA surgery remains relatively safe but further efforts to improve efficiency are likely needed.
Genomic exploration of the journey of Plasmodium vivax in Latin America
Authors: Lefebvre Margaux J. M. , Degrugillier Fanny , Arnathau Céline , Fontecha Gustavo A. , Noya Oscar , Houzé Sandrine , Severini Carlo , Pradines Bruno , Berry Antoine , Trape Jean-François , Sáenz Fabian E. , Prugnolle Franck , Fontaine Michael C. , Rougeron Virginie
Published: January 2025

Plasmodium vivax is the predominant malaria parasite in Latin America. Its colonization history in the region is rich and complex, and is still highly debated, especially about its origin(s). Our study employed cutting-edge population genomic techniques to analyze whole genome variation from 620 P. vivax isolates, including 107 newly sequenced samples from West Africa, Middle East, and Latin America. This sampling represents nearly all potential source populations worldwide currently available. Analyses of the genetic structure, diversity, ancestry, coalescent-based inferences, including demographic scenario testing using Approximate Bayesian Computation, have revealed a more complex evolutionary history than previously envisioned. Indeed, our analyses suggest that the current American P. vivax populations predominantly stemmed from a now-extinct European lineage, with the potential contribution also from unsampled populations, most likely of West African origin. We also found evidence that P. vivax arrived in Latin America in multiple waves, initially during early European contact and later through post-colonial human migration waves in the late 19th-century. This study provides a fresh perspective on P. vivax’s intricate evolutionary journey and brings insights into the possible contribution of West African P. vivax populations to the colonization history of Latin America.
Calcium-mediated mitochondrial fission and mitophagy drive glycolysis to facilitate arterivirus proliferation
Authors: Sun Zhe , Ma Zicheng , Cao Wandi , Jiang Chenlong , Guo Lei , Liu Kesen , Gao Yanni , Bai Juan , Pi Jiang , Jiang Ping , Liu Xing
Published: January 2025

Mitochondria, recognized as the “powerhouse” of cells, play a vital role in generating cellular energy through dynamic processes such as fission and fusion. Viruses have evolved mechanisms to hijack mitochondrial function for their survival and proliferation. Here, we report that infection with the swine arterivirus porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), manipulates mitochondria calcium ions (Ca2+) to induce mitochondrial fission and mitophagy, thereby reprogramming cellular energy metabolism to facilitate its own replication. Mechanistically, PRRSV-induced mitochondrial fission is caused by elevated levels of mitochondria Ca2+, derived from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) through inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor (IP3R)—voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1)—mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) channels. This process is associated with increased mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs), mediated by the upregulated expression of sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1 (SIGMAR1). Elevated mitochondria Ca2+ further activates the Ca2+/CaM-dependent protein kinase kinase β (CaMKKβ)—AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)—dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) signaling pathway, which interacts with mitochondrial fission protein 1 (FIS1) and mitochondrial dynamics proteins of 49 kDa (MiD49) to promote mitochondrial fission. PRRSV infection, alongside mitochondrial fission, triggers mitophagy via the PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)-Parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin (Parkin) pathway, promoting cellular glycolysis and excessive lactate production to facilitate its own replication. This study reveals the mechanism by which mitochondrial Ca2+ regulates mitochondrial function during PRRSV infection, providing new insights into the interplay between the virus and host cell metabolism.
Solving the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem via Reinforcment Learning
Authors: Chen Aidan , Yarkony Julian
Published: January 2025

This research focuses on solving the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP), an NP-hard optimization problem critical for logistics companies aiming to minimize delivery costs while adhering to vehicle capacity constraints. Traditional approaches, such as heuristics and exact algorithms, struggle with scalability or accuracy. Leveraging reinforcement learning (RL), we implemented two strategies: a value-based Deep-Q approach and a policy-based REINFORCE method. The Deep-Q network approximates Q-values for state-action pairs, utilizing experience replay and Huber loss for stability and efficiency. The REINFORCE approach optimizes policies directly, bypassing temporal difference calculations and using cumulative rewards for policy updates.

Experiments were conducted on VRP instances with 20 and 50 customers, benchmarking against a greedy algorithm and a state-of-the-art attention-based solution. Both RL methods outperformed the greedy baseline, with REINFORCE achieving superior results, demonstrating its effectiveness in handling exploration-exploitation trade-offs. A pseudo actor-critic approach, combining strengths of both methods, and inference-time ensembling of multiple RL networks further improved performance, achieving costs within 12% and 7.9% of the attention-based model for VRP-20.

This work highlights the potential of RL in addressing high-dimensional CVRP challenges, including generalizability and policy optimization. Future directions include integrating attention mechanisms to enhance model performance and exploring training-time ensembling to reduce variance. This research establishes RL as a scalable and efficient alternative for complex routing problems, advancing the field toward practical, real-world applications
Effects of Morphology, Structure and Altering Layers on the Composite Heat Resistance of Electrospun PS/PU
Authors: Zdraveva Emilija , Skenderi Zenun , Salopek Čubrić Ivana , Mijovic Budimir
Published: January 2025

Thermal insulating materials are of paramount importance in many application areas, including building construction, electronics, aerospace engineering, the automobile industry and the clothing industry. Electrospun materials are light weight with a well-controlled fibre diameter/morphology and a highly interconnected porous structure that facilitates the trapping of air and breathability. When combined with other conventional materials, they enhance the thermal insulating property of a composite structure. This study focused on electrospun single polyurethane (PU), polystyrene (PS) and layered composites thereof, in terms of heat resistance and its dependence on fibre diameter, pore area, number, thickness (solution volume) and the position of electrospun layers. It thus contributes to the field by addressing the effects of multiple parameters effect on a composite material’s heat resistance. The fibre diameter for both electrospun polymers increased significantly by increasing the concentration, while there was a generally opposite effect from increasing electrical voltage. The 10 wt% PU and 30 wt% PS used to produce the layered composites demonstrated the highest reduction of the fibre mean diameter, from (443 ± 224) nm to (328 ± 148) nm, and from (2711 ± 307) nm to (2098 ± 290) nm, respectively. Thicker PS fibres resulted in the greatest mean pore areas of (13 ± 9) µm2, while the PU mean pore areas were in the range of (2 ± 1) µm2 to (4 ± 2) µm2. Although all single and PS/PU composites demonstrated a porosity greater than 97%, their configuration in terms of number of layers, total thickness and PS and PU positioning (includes fibre diameter and pore area) affected the measured heat resistance. Single electrospun PS demonstrated a reduction in heat resistance of 0.0219 m2K/W (compared to electrospun PU) due to its thicker fibres and larger pore areas, and thus looser structure. Combining the two electrospun layers improved heat resistance up to 0.0341 m2K/W. The total heat resistance of the layered PU/PS composite was increased (up to 0.1063 m2K/W for the electrospun PS/PS/PU/PU) by increasing the number and volume of each electrospun layer solution, and by spinning the PU layer on top of the system, which resisted the heat flow due to its smaller pore areas and compact structure. These results prove that by optimizing process/structure parameters, a multi-layered material with good thermal performance can be designed to meet the requirements of a thermal insulating product.
LEGAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC ISSUES OF AUTOMATED ISLAMIC BANKING IN UGANDA: LESSON FROM INDONESIA
Authors: Aidonojie Paul Atagamen , Adebayo Adesoji Kolawole , Eregbuonye Obieshi , Mukhlis Muhammad Mutawalli , Ibeh Success
Published: January 2025

The global surge in digital technology has revolutionized various sectors, including Islamic banking. While Indonesia has successfully incorporated digital automation into its Islamic banking system, Uganda's nascent Islamic banking system faces opportunities and challenges in adopting similar technologies. This study uses a hybrid research method with a conceptual approach to explore the prospects and challenges in automating Uganda's Islamic banking system by learning from Indonesia's progress. A total of 306 questionnaires were distributed to Ugandan respondents, and the data were analyzed descriptively and analytically. The findings show that automation has significantly improved the Islamic banking system in Indonesia, a model that Uganda can emulate. However, implementation in Uganda faces legal and socio-economic barriers that may affect its feasibility. This study recommends revising Uganda's legal framework to support and regulate a digitalized Islamic banking system while addressing socio-economic challenges. Ultimately, the study underscores that with the right reforms, automation can improve Uganda's Islamic banking landscape.
THE URGENCY OF MEDICAL MARIJUANA LAWS IN INDONESIA
Authors: Haque Amarta Yasyhini Ilka , Susila Muh Endriyo
Published: January 2025

Marijuana legalization remains a contentious public health issue in Indonesia. Despite public debates sparked by a mother's appeal for medicinal marijuana last June, Indonesia maintains strict anti-drug measures under its Narcotics Law, which prohibits the use of all elements of marijuana in medical treatments. However, medicinal marijuana has gained recognition in other jurisdictions for its potential to treat various chronic illnesses. This study employs a doctrinal legal research methodology, relying on secondary sources, legislation, and scholarly analyses. The findings emphasize the urgent need to legalize medicinal marijuana as a critical intervention for specific medical conditions. While possession and use of marijuana remain illegal, Indonesia's ratification of the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs 1961 allows for research and the controlled use of medicinal marijuana. By examining the experiences of nations with established medical marijuana legislation and emphasizing further research on its applications, this study advocates for the legalization of medicinal marijuana in Indonesia under stringent regulations.
CURRENT REGULATIONS AND ANTICIPATIONS ON CRIMINALIZING BLACK CAMPAIGNS FOR THE 2024 REGIONAL HEAD ELECTIONS
Authors: Mirzana Hijrah Adhyanti , Anas Andi Muhammad Aswin , Rohman Aditya Dwi
Published: January 2025

Campaigning plays a critical role in elections, enabling candidates to present their vision, mission, and programs to the public. However, Law Number 8 of 2015, lacks explicit regulations on black campaigning, especially when it occurs via electronic media. This research highlight the Regional Head Election Law only indirectly addresses defamation in Article 69 (b) and (c), which prohibits insults targeting individuals, religions, ethnicities, races, groups, and candidates. Other relevant regulations, such as the Criminal Code and the ITE Law, contain provisions on defamation, hate speech, and incitement, but they are not spesifically regulate in the context of election. This paper examines the urgency of reformulating explicit prohibitions and criminalization of black campaigning within the Regional Head Election Law. Using a normative juridical approach to examines the existing regulations, this research suggests that an amendment to the Regional Head Election Law is necessary to explicitly define and prohibit black campaigning, establishing it as a formal offense and identifying relevant legal subjects. By setting clear prohibitions, this reform would strengthen fairness and integrity in elections, prevent the spread of false information and incitement, and align with the principle of legality, ultimately enhancing the democratic process.
LEGALITY AND IMPACT ON SAVINGS AND LOAN COOPERATIVES IN MANAGING SAVINGS FROM NON-MEMBERS
Authors: Prabowo M. Shidqon
Published: January 2025

The writing of this research aims to explain the legality or validity when the Savings and Loan Cooperative raises funds from members outside the cooperative, describes the authority and supervision measures by the Financial Services Authority (OJK) and the Ministry of Small and Medium Enterprise Cooperatives (KUKM) for cooperatives that collect savings funds outside of cooperative members and to clarify the legal consequences if the Savings and Loan Cooperatives collect savings funds outside cooperative members. This article uses a normative juridical approach method. For secondary data sources, the study of original legal texts, secondary legal literature, and non-legal sources can conclude that: 1. There is a legal basis used in raising funds for non-cooperative members, which is based on Article 44 of the Cooperative Act No. 25 of 1992. 2. OJK and KUKM have authority over cooperatives that collect savings funds outside cooperative members.3. There are legal consequences if the Savings and Loan Cooperative collects savings funds outside the cooperative members.
Analisis Fungsi Implikatur Wacana Pojok Mang Usil sebagai Sarana Sindiran dan Kritik Menjelang Pemilu
Authors: Novalia Maulida Rizka , Junawaroh Siti , Resticka Gita Anggria
Published: January 2025

There have been quite a lot of studies on the Samin community with various approaches. This research aims to explain the symbolic meaning and essence of Samin's teachings/stitutors using the concept of signs as stated by Saussure and semantics as explained by Pateda using the literature study method. The data was processed using steps as offered by Miles Haberman: data reduction, data recording, and inference. The results of this research are (1) Samin's teachings contained in angger-angger (pratikel, pangucap, and lakonana) are still being maintained, (2) social changes have begun to be discovered, (3) using ngoko language in every domain, (4) symbolic meaning of the three anggers: do good to others, do not indulge in lust, be honest, one word with deeds, pay attention to property rights; (because) the essence of life is one, forever, and death is essentially just "changing clothes", (5) the symbolic meaning and essence of certain words/situations in the Samin community as a distinguishing characteristic from communities outside Samin, such as ibu bumi, bapak angkasa, rukun(an), anak, turun, dan siji.
Linguistic Construction and Cultural Meaning of Sinjang and Semekan: An Anthropological Linguistic Study
Authors: Rahmasari Shafira , Shakti Zasqia Damai Aulia
Published: January 2025

Labuhan Hajad Dalem is an essential ritual in Yogyakarta’s tradition; its primary purpose is to represent prayer and to perform a spiritual cleansing by placing and leaving out some offerings in particular sacred places. Sinjang and Semakan are some of the components of the offering in the form of long fabric to cover a body part. Each Sinjang and Semekan has a different name to illustrate a distinct Javanese cultural value. The naming process is influenced by cultural background, which is Javanese culture, and the name composition is also affected by Javanese linguistic structure. Therefore, this research aims to answer how the naming creation of the offerings, especially the sinjang and semekan using syntactic analysis and an anthropological linguistics approach. Six names of sinjang and fourteen names of semekan are sourced from the official Keraton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat website. The names follow a pattern of phrases and clauses, primarily consisting of noun phrases constructed with single nouns, adjectives, or combinations thereof. Additionally, there are clauses formed by noun-verb or noun-verb phrase structures. These names predominantly feature nouns related to various birds and plants, such as perkutut (zebra dove) and mlathi (jasmine), alongside adjectives representing colors like gadhung (green) and pethak (white). Using these colors in the names signifies gratitude, often towards nature and the divine. Furthermore, the selection of nouns reflects the daily life and surroundings of the Yogyakarta community, highlighting the interconnectedness between cultural traditions and local environments.
MEMPERTIMBANGKAN ASPEK-ASPEK NON LEGAL FORMAL DALAM PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA TANAH ADAT DI BALI
Authors: Wiguna Made Oka Cahyadi
Published: January 2025

Penyelesaian sengketa tanah adat di Bali yang berbasis pada keadilan formal sering mengabaikan aspek-aspek non legal formal berdampak terciptanya ketidakadilan. Artikel ini mengedepankan pendekatan sosio-legal untuk mendiskusikan pentingnya secara hukum mempertimbangkan aspek-aspek non legal formal dalam penyelesaian sengketa tanah adat di Bali dan menguraikan secara deskriptif aspek-aspek non legal formal yang dimaksud. Landasan berpikir mempertimbangkan aspek-aspek non legal formal dalam penyelesaian sengketa tanah adat di Bali secara teoretis dan yuridis telah mendapatkan tempatnya. Mengingat dalam upaya pembangunan hukum nasional saat ini, penting mengedepankan pendekatan pluralisme hukum dalam rangka untuk terwujudnya keadilan substantif. Wujud dari aspek-aspek non legal formal yang patut untuk menjadi pertimbangan yaitu aspek religi, dan socio-cultural yang berkelindan dalam penguasaan tanah adat di Bali.
PEMBARUAN KEBIJAKAN PEMIDANAAN DALAM RANGKA MENGATASI FAKTOR PENYEBAB OVERCROWDING LEMBAGA PEMASYARAKATAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Hamja Hamja
Published: January 2025

Tulisan ini mengkaji overcrowding sebagai permasalahan utama yang dihadapi mayoritas lembaga pemasyarakatan di Indonesia. Permasalahan overcrowding merupakan persoalan hilir yang tidak dapat diselesaikan secara parsial, sehingga dibutuhkan pemahaman yang komprehensif tentang politik dan kebijakan hukum di Indonesia. Tulisan ini merupakan penelitian doktriner, dengan studi kepustakaan dan perbandingan sejumlah negara dalam pengelolaan lembaga pemasyarakatan untuk dijadikan dasar penentuan penyebab dari covercrowding. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sistem hukum dan peradilan di Indonesia masih berkontribusi secara aktif terhadap overcrowding dengan diberlakukannya masa tahanan yang panjang sebelum proses peradilan, jumlah aturan perundang-undangan yang mengedepankan fungsi punitif dengan menerapkan sanksi pidana kurungan dibandingkan dengan fungsi rehabilitatif. Dengan demikian, dibutuhkan sebuah transformasi hukum dan penerapan alternatif pidana tanpa kurungan, sebagai solusi jangka panjang mengatasi overcrowding di Indonesia.
ENABLING DATA PORTABILITY AND INTEROPERABILITY UNDER INDONESIA'S DATA PROTECTION LAW
Authors: Wiwoho Jamal , Pati Umi Khaerah , Pratama Anugrah Muhtarom
Published: January 2025

The Indonesian parliament ratified the Personal Data Protection (PDP) Law in October 2022, introducing the Right to Data Portability (RtDP) in Article 13. This concept enables seamless information transfer, enhances personal control, and fosters innovation in the digital economy. This study analyzed data portability provisions under the PDP Law and drew insights from the EU and UK's experiences. Findings showed that data portability under the PDP Law, similar to the GDPR, fell short due to the absence of standardized guidelines, interoperability architectures, and non-mandatory compatibility policies. Prioritizing Open APIs for interoperability was crucial. Effective public-private collaboration was key in establishing sector-specific and cross-sector interoperability standards aligned with PDP Law regulations
AN ANALYSIS ON ONLINE CRIMINAL CASE HEARINGS: CAN JUSTICE BE SERVED ONLINE?
Authors: Simandjuntak Marcella Elwina , Saraswati Rika , Soerjowinoto Petrus , Boputra Emanuel
Published: January 2025

This paper examines the accountability of online criminal case adjudication in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although normal court trials have resumed, the judiciary must prepare for the integration of online trials to improve efficiency and case management. This empirical study employs qualitative methods, collecting data through interviews with judges, prosecutors, and written interviews with lawyers, along with questionnaires. Conducted in three district courts in Central Java, it also incorporates secondary data from legal statutes and literature. Most judges, prosecutors, and attorneys found online trials accountable, with outcomes comparable to in-person hearings. However, challenges persist, such as administrative gaps, and technical disruptions. The study urges legislative action to establish procedural norms for online trials and recommends improving court decisions' quality and quantity to ensure justice.
MAKNA FILOSOFIS PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI DALAM CONSTITUTIONAL REVIEW DAN URGENSI JUDICIAL ACTIVISM
Authors: Saragih Geofani Milthree , Nasution Mirza , Sihombing Eka N.A.M
Published: January 2025

Pembentukan Mahkamah Konstitusi (MK) secara global sering kali menandai transisi dari pemerintahan otoriter ke pemerintahan demokratis, dengan constitutional review sebagai kewenangan utamanya. Studi tentang pembentukan MK di Eropa, Amerika, Afrika, dan Asia menyoroti perannya dalam menegakkan demokrasi. Judicial activism muncul sebagai pendekatan progresif dalam constitutional review, memperkuat konstitusi dan prinsip checks and balances. Namun, dalam praktiknya, beberapa putusan MK tidak diindahkan oleh para adresatnya, meskipun putusan tersebut memiliki makna filosofis dalam kerangka ketatanegaraan Indonesia. Penelitian normatif ini menggunakan studi kasus dan studi perbandingan hukum untuk menekankan kekuatan filosofis dalam putusan MK, terutama dalam kewenangan constitutional review. Judicial activism dipandang penting untuk menegakkan konstitusi dan menjaga nilai-nilai filosofis Pancasila yang terkandung dalam UUD 1945.
Tropidia scita (Harris, 1780) (Diptera: Syrphidae), a new hoverfly species for Slovenia
Authors: Schwartz Benjamin , De Groot Maarten
Published: January 2025

The hoverfly genus Tropidia Meigen, 1822, with the species T. scita (Harris, 1780), is recorded for the first time in the hoverfly fauna of Slovenia. This species was found at Draga ponds near Ig, Slovenia, on the 16th of June, 2024. With this new record, the number of hoverfly species in Slovenia has increased to 363.
Historyczny konsulting gier – sylabus modułowy
Authors: Gdaniec Ewelina , Wasiak Patryk , Janicki Arkadiusz , Możejko Beata , Świętosławski Witold , Odorowicz Bartosz
Published: January 2025

Jest to szósty z serii artykułów powstałych w projekcie pt. Konsulting historyczny gier Polskiego Towarzystwa Badania Gier, realizowanego w ramach grantu z CRPK. Na podstawie poprzednich tekstów przedstawia propozycję modułowego sylabusa kursu dla studentów historii nastawionego na szkolenie kompetencji przydatnych w konsultingu gier. Modułowość oznacza, że zamiast pojedynczego programu jest zbiór autonomicznych, parotygodniowych bloków, z których można stworzyć różne konfiguracje tematyki i narzędzi. Obejmują pracę z materiałem wizualnym, tekstowym, liczbowym, zbieranie informacji w terenie, a także pracę z dokumentacją projektową.
Bibliotheken als soziales Netzwerk Europas – die Europe Challenge 2024
Authors: Huck Cristine , Kropf Katrin , Schrewe Paula
Published: January 2025

Die European Cultural Foundation fördert Bibliotheken als soziale Treffpunkte in Europa. Im Rahmen der Europe Challenge-Förderung entwickeln Bibliotheken und ihre Community-Partner Projekte, um lokale Herausforderungen wie soziale Ungleichheit, ökologische Krisen und Einsamkeit anzugehen. Die teilnehmenden Bibliotheken werden unterstützt durch Workshops, Mentoring und finanzielle Mittel. In diesem Artikel berichten Bibliotheken aus Chemnitz, Frankfurt am Main und Paderborn von ihren Erfahrungen und ihrer Teilnahme an der Europe Challenge.
Athol Fugard’s Boesman and Lena: Unveiling the Coloured Ghost in South Africa
Authors: Mu Yu
Published: January 2025

Boesman and Lena, a play by Athol Fugard in 1969, explores the socio-political landscape of apartheid-era South Africa. The story centres on Boesman and Lena, a couple who are forcibly displaced from their home due to apartheid laws. This article examines how Fugard navigates the complexities of coloured history within South African modernity rather than through the lens of post-colonial discourse. It investigates Fugard’s use of modern theatre techniques, particularly his adaptation of Brecht’s Leichtigkeit, to portray the intricacies of human existence and societal tensions in his plays. Furthermore, the article discusses that Fugard’s effort offers a unique perspective on reconciling contrasting traditions within modern theatre. Further in his Fanonian anatomy of the psychology of coloured individuals, his theatre provides a remarkable narrative of South African modernity by depicting coloured people as a spectral experience of South African history and their shared humanity as a significant ideology that equals the Black Consciousness Movement.
Dynamic modeling and optimization of methanol partial oxidation to formaldehyde over Mo–Fe catalyst in an industrial isothermal reactor
Authors: Zakeri Gheshmi Hossein , Farsi Mohammad , Rahimpour Mohammad Reza
Published: January 2025

In this research, a one-dimensional heterogeneous model is developed to simulate the partial oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde over a molybdenum-iron catalyst in an industrial isothermal reactor at dynamic condition. The considered isothermal reactor is modelled based on the mass and energy balance equations considering catalyst deactivation. Based on the simulation results, decline in the catalyst activity from 1.0 to 0.73 decreases the rate of formaldehyde production rate from 94.9 kmol h−1 to 89.63 kmol h−1 during process run time. Subsequently, a multi-objective optimization problem is programmed to enhance formaldehyde productivity and minimize the production decline during process run time. To select the effective decision variables, a sensitivity analysis is performed based on the developed dynamic model. Then, the programmed multi-objective optimization problem is replaced with a single objective by the weighted sum method, and the problem is handled by the genetic algorithm method to determine the optimal trajectory of coolant temperature. The simulation results showed that the average formaldehyde production rate increases from 92.11 kmol h−1 to 95.22 kmol h−1 when the optimal conditions are applied to the reactor.
An a priori method for estimating the informativeness of the configuration of sensor placement when solving inverse problems of remote sensing
Authors: Lukyanenko Dmitry V. , Valiakhmetov Bulat I. , Tyrtyshnikov Eugene E. , Yagola Anatoly G.
Published: January 2025

The question of finding the optimal location and number of sensors is important when solving applied inverse problems of remote sensing. An incorrect answer to this question can significantly affect (1) the accuracy of reconstructing the unknown parameters of the object under study, and/or (2) the computational complexity of the inverse problem being solved. The work proposes an economical algorithm that allows among all equivalent (in the sense of the computational complexity of obtaining a solution to the inverse problem) sensor configurations, to select the one that will give a more accurate result when processing experimental data. This algorithm also allows to make a conclusion about whether it is really necessary to process all the experimental data obtained in the experiment, or whether it is possible to limit ourselves to only part of them without a significant loss of accuracy in the reconstructed solution. The algorithm is based on (1) the application of the mosaic-skeleton approximation method to the matrix of the system of equations to which the inverse problem being solved is reduced, and (2) the calculation of the compression rate of the approximating matrix relative to the original dense matrix for a given permissible relative approximation error. Thus, the algorithm is a priori, that is, it does not require a preliminary search for a solution to the inverse problem for the sensor configuration under study. Moreover, if the formulas that define the elements of the system matrix are known, then the algorithm requires the calculation of not all of these elements, but only part of them.