bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrated Transcriptional and Proteomic Profiling Reveals Potential Amino Acid Transporters Targeted by Nitrogen Limitation Adaptation
Authors: Liao Qiong , Tang Tian-jiao , Zhou Ting , Song Hai-xing , Hua Ying-peng , Zhang Zhen-hua
Published: March 2020

Nitrogen (N) is essential for plant growth and crop productivity. Organic N is a major form of remobilized N in plants’ response to N limitation. It is necessary to understand the regulatory role of N limitation adaption (NLA) in organic N remobilization for this adaptive response. Transcriptional and proteomic analyses were integrated to investigate differential responses of wild-type (WT) and nla mutant plants to N limitation and to identify the core organic N transporters targeted by NLA. Under N limitation, the nla mutant presented an early senescence with faster chlorophyll loss and less anthocyanin accumulation than the WT, and more N was transported out of the aging leaves in the form of amino acids. High-throughput transcriptomic and proteomic analyses revealed that N limitation repressed genes involved in photosynthesis and protein synthesis, and promoted proteolysis; these changes were higher in the nla mutant than in the WT. Both transcriptional and proteomic profiling demonstrated that LHT1, responsible for amino acid remobilization, were only significantly upregulated in the nla mutant under N limitation. These findings indicate that NLA might target LHT1 and regulate organic N remobilization, thereby improving our understanding of the regulatory role of NLA on N remobilization under N limitation.
Regulation of Adipogenesis and Lipid Deposits by Collapsin Response Mediator Protein 2
Authors: Chang Yih-Hsin , Tsai Jen-Ning , Chang Shu-Wen , Hsu Wei-Ting , Yang Ching-Ping , Hsiao Chiao-Wan , Shiau Ming-Yuh
Published: March 2020

As emerging evidence suggesting neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic diseases have common pathogenesis, we hypothesized that the neurite outgrowth-controlling collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2) was involved in energy homeostasis. Therefore, putative roles of CRMP2 in adipocyte differentiation (adipogenesis) and lipid metabolism were explored and addressed in this study. CRMP2 expression profiles were in vitro and in vivo characterized during adipogenic process of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes and diet-induced obese (DIO) mice, respectively. Effects of CRMP2 on lipid metabolism and deposits were also analyzed. Our data revealed that CRMP2 expression pattern was coupled with adipogenic stages. CRMP2 overexpression inhibited cell proliferation at MCE phase, and significantly reduced lipid contents by down-regulating adipogenesis-driving transcription factors and lipid-synthesizing enzymes. Interestingly, GLUT4 translocation and the lipid droplets fusion were disturbed in CRMP2-silencing cells by affecting actin polymerization. Moreover, adipose CRMP2 was significantly increased in DIO mice, indicating CRMP2 is associated with obesity. Accordingly, CRMP2 exerts multiple functions in adipogenesis and lipid deposits through mediating cell proliferation, glucose/lipid metabolism and cytoskeleton dynamics. The present study identifies novel roles of CRMP2 in mediating adipogenesis and possible implication in metabolic disorders, as well as provides molecular evidence supporting the link of pathogenesis between neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic abnormalities.
The Roles of NO and H2S in Sperm Biology: Recent Advances and New Perspectives
Authors: Kadlec Martin , Ros-Santaella José Luis , Pintus Eliana
Published: March 2020

After being historically considered as noxious agents, nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are now listed as gasotransmitters, gaseous molecules that play a key role in a variety of cellular functions. Both NO and H2S are endogenously produced, enzymatically or non-enzymatically, and interact with each other in a range of cells and tissues. In spite of the great advances achieved in recent decades in other biological systems, knowledge about H2S function and interactions with NO in sperm biology is in its infancy. Here, we aim to provide an update on the importance of these molecules in the physiology of the male gamete. Special emphasis is given to the most recent advances in the metabolism, mechanisms of action, and effects (both physiological and pathophysiological) of these gasotransmitters. This manuscript also illustrates the physiological implications of NO and H2S observed in other cell types, which might be important for sperm function. The relevance of these gasotransmitters to several signaling pathways within sperm cells highlights their potential use for the improvement and successful application of assisted reproductive technologies.
Role of HMGB1 in an Animal Model of Vascular Cognitive Impairment Induced by Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion
Authors: Vidyanti Amelia Nur , Hsieh Jia-Yu , Lin Kun-Ju , Fang Yao-Ching , Setyopranoto Ismail , Hu Chaur-Jong
Published: March 2020

The pathophysiology of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is associated with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH). Increased high-mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1), a nonhistone protein involved in injury and inflammation, has been established in the acute phase of CCH. However, the role of HMGB1 in the chronic phase of CCH remains unclear. We developed a novel animal model of CCH with a modified bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) in C57BL/6 mice. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) reduction, the expression of HMGB1 and its proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α], interleukin [IL]-1β, and IL-6), and brain pathology were assessed. Furthermore, we evaluated the effect of HMGB1 suppression through bilateral intrahippocampus injection with the CRISPR/Cas9 knockout plasmid. Three months after CCH induction, CBF decreased to 30–50% with significant cognitive decline in BCCAO mice. The 7T-aMRI showed hippocampal atrophy, but amyloid positron imaging tomography showed nonsignificant amyloid-beta accumulation. Increased levels of HMGB1, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were observed 3 months after BCCAO. HMGB1 suppression with CRISPR/Cas9 knockout plasmid restored TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 and attenuated hippocampal atrophy and cognitive decline. We believe that HMGB1 plays a pivotal role in CCH-induced VCI pathophysiology and can be a potential therapeutic target of VCI.
Fucoxanthin Ameliorates Atopic Dermatitis Symptoms by Regulating Keratinocytes and Regulatory Innate Lymphoid Cells
Authors: Natsume Chika , Aoki Nao , Aoyama Tomoko , Senda Keisuke , Matsui Mio , Ikegami Airi , Tanaka Kosuke , Azuma Yasu-Taka , Fujita Takashi
Published: March 2020

Fucoxanthin (FX) is a xanthophyll that is contained abundantly in marine plants. The biological action of FX includes its antioxidant and anti-lipogenic activities, while the precise action of its mechanisms on skin cells has not yet been clarified. The current study examined the effect of FX in comparison with tacrolimus (TAC) on NC/Nga mice, which are an atopic dermatitis (AD) model. FX topical treatment dramatically ameliorated itching behavior over the TAC treatment, which was insufficient for improvement of AD symptoms. In Nc/Nga mice, FX or TAC applied to the skin inhibited eosinophil infiltration with decreased expression of Il-33. FX also stimulated Il-2, Il-5, Il-13, Il-10, and TGF-β expression levels, and Sca1+Il-10+TGF-β+ regulatory innate lymphoid cells (ILCreg) were dominantly observed in FX treated skin epidermal keratinocytes and dermal layers. This combined evidence demonstrated that FX exerts anti-inflammatory effects on keratinocytes and ameliorates AD symptoms by regulating ILCreg to normalize immune responses in an atopic dermatitis model.
Dimension Reduction and Clustering Models for Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Data: A Comparative Study
Authors: Feng Chao , Liu Shufen , Zhang Hao , Guan Renchu , Li Dan , Zhou Fengfeng , Liang Yanchun , Feng Xiaoyue
Published: March 2020

With recent advances in single-cell RNA sequencing, enormous transcriptome datasets have been generated. These datasets have furthered our understanding of cellular heterogeneity and its underlying mechanisms in homogeneous populations. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data clustering can group cells belonging to the same cell type based on patterns embedded in gene expression. However, scRNA-seq data are high-dimensional, noisy, and sparse, owing to the limitation of existing scRNA-seq technologies. Traditional clustering methods are not effective and efficient for high-dimensional and sparse matrix computations. Therefore, several dimension reduction methods have been introduced. To validate a reliable and standard research routine, we conducted a comprehensive review and evaluation of four classical dimension reduction methods and five clustering models. Four experiments were progressively performed on two large scRNA-seq datasets using 20 models. Results showed that the feature selection method contributed positively to high-dimensional and sparse scRNA-seq data. Moreover, feature-extraction methods were able to promote clustering performance, although this was not eternally immutable. Independent component analysis (ICA) performed well in those small compressed feature spaces, whereas principal component analysis was steadier than all the other feature-extraction methods. In addition, ICA was not ideal for fuzzy C-means clustering in scRNA-seq data analysis. K-means clustering was combined with feature-extraction methods to achieve good results.
Melatonin Relations with Energy Metabolism as Possibly Involved in Fatal Mountain Road Traffic Accidents
Authors: Behn Claus , De Gregorio Nicole
Published: March 2020

Previous results evidenced acute exposure to high altitude (HA) weakening the relation between daily melatonin cycle and the respiratory quotient. This review deals with the threat extreme environments pose on body time order, particularly concerning energy metabolism. Working at HA, at poles, or in space challenge our ancestral inborn body timing system. This conflict may also mark many aspects of our current lifestyle, involving shift work, rapid time zone crossing, and even prolonged office work in closed buildings. Misalignments between external and internal rhythms, in the short term, traduce into risk of mental and physical performance shortfalls, mood changes, quarrels, drug and alcohol abuse, failure to accomplish with the mission and, finally, high rates of fatal accidents. Relations of melatonin with energy metabolism being altered under a condition of hypoxia focused our attention on interactions of the indoleamine with redox state, as well as, with autonomic regulations. Individual tolerance/susceptibility to such interactions may hint at adequately dealing with body timing disorders under extreme conditions.
Proteomic Profiles and Biological Processes of Relapsed vs. Non-Relapsed Pediatric Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Repetto Ombretta , De Re Valli , Mussolin Lara , Tedeschi Massimo , Elia Caterina , Bianchi Maurizio , Buffardi Salvatore , Sala Alessandra , Burnelli Roberta , Mascarin Maurizio
Published: March 2020

The identification of circulating proteins associated with relapse in pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) may help develop predictive biomarkers. We previously identified a set of predictive biomarkers by difference gel electrophoresis. Here we used label-free quantitative liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) on plasma collected at diagnosis from 12 children (age 12–16 years) with nodular sclerosis HL, including six in whom the disease relapsed within 5 years of treatment in the LH2004 trial. Plasma proteins were pooled in groups of three, separately for non-relapsing and relapsing HL, and differentially abundant proteins between the two disease states were identified by LC-MS/MS in an explorative and validation design. Proteins with a fold change in abundance >1.2 or ≤0.8 were considered “differentially abundant”. LC-MS/MS identified 60 and 32 proteins that were more abundant in non-relapsing and relapsing HL plasma, respectively, in the explorative phase; these numbers were 39 and 34 in the validation phase. In both analyses, 11 proteins were more abundant in non-relapsing HL (e.g., angiotensinogen, serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1, transthyretin), including two previously identified by difference gel electrophoresis (antithrombin III and α-1-antitrypsin); seven proteins were more abundant in relapsing HL (e.g., fibronectin and thrombospondin-1), including two previously identified proteins (fibrinogen β and γ chains). The differentially abundant proteins participated in numerous biological processes, which were manually grouped into 10 biological classes and 11 biological regulatory subclasses. The biological class Lipid metabolism, and its regulatory subclass, included angiotensinogen and serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1 (more abundant in non-relapsing HL). The biological classes Immune system and Cell and extracellular matrix architecture included fibronectin and thrombospondin-1 (more abundant in relapsing HL). These findings deepen our understanding of the molecular scenario underlying responses to therapy and provide new evidence about these proteins as possible biomarkers of relapse in pediatric HL.
Soluble Alpha-Klotho Alleviates Cardiac Fibrosis without Altering Cardiomyocytes Renewal
Authors: Chen Wei-Yu
Published: March 2020

Heart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. The major cause of heart failure is the death of the myocardium caused by myocardial infarction, detrimental cardiac remodeling, and cardiac fibrosis occurring after the injury. This study aimed at discovering the role of the anti-aging protein α-klotho (KL), which is the co-receptor of fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23), in cardiac regeneration, fibrosis, and repair. We found that the anti-apoptotic function of soluble KL in isoproterenol-treated H9c2 cardiomyocytes was independent of FGF23 in vitro. In vivo, isoproterenol-induced cardiac fibrosis and cardiomyocyte and endothelial cell apoptosis were reduced by KL treatment. Moreover, the number of Ki67-positive endothelial cells and microvessel density within the isoproterenol-injured myocardium were increased upon KL treatment. However, by using genetic fate-mapping models, no evident cardiomyocyte proliferation within the injured myocardium was detected with or without KL treatment. Collectively, the cardioprotective functions of KL could be predominantly attributed to its anti-apoptotic and pro-survival activities on endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes. KL could be a potential cardioprotective therapeutic agent with anti-apoptotic and pro-survival activities on cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells.
Extracellular Vesicles Function as Bioactive Molecular Transmitters in the Mammalian Oviduct: An Inspiration for Optimizing in Vitro Culture Systems and Improving Delivery of Exogenous Nucleic Acids during Preimplantation Embryonic Development
Authors: Fu Bo , Ma Hong , Liu Di
Published: March 2020

Two technologies, in vitro culture and exogenous gene introduction, constitute cornerstones of producing transgenic animals. Although in vitro embryo production techniques can bypass the oviduct during early development, such embryos are inferior to their naturally produced counterparts. In addition, preimplantation embryos are resistant to the uptake of exogenous genetic material. These factors restrict the production of transgenic animals. The discovery of extracellular vesicles (EVs) was a milestone in the study of intercellular signal communication. EVs in the oviduct, known as oviductosomes (OVS), are versatile delivery tools during maternal–embryo communication. In this review, we discuss the important roles of OVS in these interactions and the feasibility of using them as tools for transferring exogenous nucleic acids during early development. We hypothesize that further accurate characterization of OVS cargoes and functions will open new horizons for research on maternal–embryo interactions and enhance the production of transgenic animals.
The Current Genomic and Molecular Landscape of Philadelphia-like Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Shiraz Parveen , Payne Kimberly J. , Muffly Lori
Published: March 2020

Philadelphia (Ph)-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a high-risk B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (B-ALL) characterized by a gene expression profile similar to Ph-positive B-ALL but lacking the BCR-ABL1 translocation. The molecular pathogenesis of Ph-like B-ALL is heterogenous and involves aberrant genomics, receptor overexpression, kinase fusions, and mutations leading to kinase signaling activation, leukemogenic cellular proliferation, and differentiation blockade. Testing for the Ph-like signature, once only a research technique, is now available to the clinical oncologist. The plethora of data pointing to poor outcomes for this ALL subset has triggered investigations into the role of targeted therapies, predominantly involving tyrosine kinase inhibitors that are showing promising results.
Role of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Activation and Autophagy in Psoriasis-Related Inflammation
Authors: Kim Hye Ran , Kang Seok Young , Kim Hye One , Park Chun Wook , Chung Bo Young
Published: March 2020

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and autophagy reportedly regulate immune responses in the skin. This study explored the effects of AhR activation on autophagy in human keratinocytes, and the relevance of AhR and autophagy in psoriasis pathogenesis. AhR activation by 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) repressed autophagy, while autophagy inhibition induced AhR activation in HaCaT cells and normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs). A particularly strong interaction between AhR and autophagy was observed in proinflammatory cytokines-stimulated keratinocytes, an in vitro model of psoriasis. In skin biopsies from psoriasis patients, a similar impact of AhR on autophagy and inflammation was observed. AhR inhibition blocked TCDD- and chloroquine-induced p65NF-κB and p38MAPK phosphorylation in proinflammatory cytokines-stimulated HaCaT cells. Moreover, higher expression of AhR and CYP1A1, and lower expression of LC3, were detected in psoriatic skin tissues, compared to the controls. These data demonstrated that AhR modulated autophagy leads to skin inflammation in human keratinocytes via the p65NF-κB/p38MAPK signaling pathways, suggesting that AhR signaling and autophagy might be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory disorders such as psoriasis.
Vitamin D Attenuates Loss of Endothelial Biomarker Expression in Cardio-Endothelial Cells
Authors: Lai Chi-Cheng , Juang Wang-Chuan , Sun Gwo-Ching , Tseng Yu-Kai , Jhong Rong-Chang , Tseng Ching-Jiunn , Wong Tzyy-Yue , Cheng Pei-Wen
Published: March 2020

Vitamin D is associated with cardiovascular health through activating the vitamin D receptor that targets genes related to cardiovascular disease (CVD). The human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (HCMECs) were used to develop mechanically and TGF-β1-induced fibrosis models, and the rat was used as the isoproterenol (ISO)-induced fibrosis model. The rats were injected with ISO for the first five days, followed by vitamin D injection for the consecutive three weeks before being sacrificed on the fourth week. Results showed that mechanical stretching reduced endothelial cell marker CD31 and VE-cadherin protein expressions, as well as increased α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and fibronectin (FN). The transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) reduced CD31, and increased α-SMA and FN protein expression levels. Vitamin D presence led to higher protein expression of CD31, and lower protein expressions of α-SMA and FN compared to the control in the TGF-β1-induced fibrosis model. Additionally, protein expression of VE-cadherin was increased and fibroblast-specific protein-1 (FSP1) was decreased after vitamin D treatment in the ISO-induced fibrosis rat. In conclusion, vitamin D slightly inhibited fibrosis development in cell and animal models. Based on this study, the beneficial effect of vitamin D may be insignificant; however, further investigation of vitamin D’s effect in the long-term is required in the future.
Drug Conjugation Induced Modulation of Structural and Membrane Interaction Features of Cationic Cell-Permeable Peptides
Authors: Pári Edit , Horváti Kata , Bősze Szilvia , Biri-Kovács Beáta , Szeder Bálint , Zsila Ferenc , Kiss Éva
Published: March 2020

Cell-penetrating peptides might have great potential for enhancing the therapeutic effect of drug molecules against such dangerous pathogens as Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), which causes a major health problem worldwide. A set of cationic cell-penetration peptides with various hydrophobicity were selected and synthesized as drug carrier of isoniazid (INH), a first-line antibacterial agent against tuberculosis. Molecular interactions between the peptides and their INH-conjugates with cell-membrane-forming lipid layers composed of DPPC and mycolic acid (a characteristic component of Mtb cell wall) were evaluated, using the Langmuir balance technique. Secondary structure of the INH conjugates was analyzed and compared to that of the native peptides by circular dichroism spectroscopic experiments performed in aqueous and membrane mimetic environment. A correlation was found between the conjugation induced conformational and membrane affinity changes of the INH–peptide conjugates. The degree and mode of interaction were also characterized by AFM imaging of penetrated lipid layers. In vitro biological evaluation was performed with Penetratin and Transportan conjugates. Results showed similar internalization rate into EBC-1 human squamous cell carcinoma, but markedly different subcellular localization and activity on intracellular Mtb.
Fatigue of Narrow Dental Implants: Influence of the Hardening Method
Authors: Pérez R.A. , Gargallo J. , Altuna P. , Herrero-Climent M. , Gil F.J.
Published: March 2020

The use of narrow titanium dental implants (NDI) for small ridges, reduced interdental space, or missing lateral incisors can be a viable option when compared to the conventional wider dental implants. Furthermore, in many cases, standard diameter implant placement may not be possible without grafting procedures, which increases the healing time, cost, and morbidity. The aim of this study was to analyze the mechanical viability of the current narrow implants and how narrow implants can be improved. Different commercially available implants (n = 150) were tested to determine maximum strength, strain to fracture, microhardness, residual stress, and fatigue obtaining the stress–number of cycles to fracture (SN) curve. Fractography was studied by scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that when the titanium was hardened by the addition of 15% of Zr or 12% cold worked, the fatigue limit was higher than the commercially pure grade 4 Ti without hardening treatment. Grade 4 titanium without hardening treatment in narrow dental implants can present fractures by fatigue. These narrow implants are subjected to high mechanical stresses and the mechanical properties of titanium do not meet the minimal requirements, which lead to frequent fractures. New hardening treatments allow for the mechanical limitations of conventional narrow implants to be overcome in dynamic conditions. These hardening treatments allow for the design of narrow dental implants with enhanced fatigue life and long-term behavior.
Severe Sulfuric Acid Attack on Self-Compacting Concrete with Granulometrically Optimized Blast-Furnace Slag-Comparison of Different Test Methods
Authors: Irico Sara , De Meyst Laurence , Qvaeschning Dirk , Alonso Maria Cruz , Villar Kristina , De Belie Nele
Published: March 2020

The corrosion by severe sulfuric acid attack at pH 2 of two self-compacting concrete (SCC) types that are based on ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and granulometrically optimized blast-furnace slag cement was evaluated by three complementary tests that were performed in different research institutes. The use of SCC is a smart and promising solution to improve the performance of concrete in an aggressive environment, especially regarding ready-mixed concrete applications, since good compaction is less dependent on workmanship. The relevance and practical advantages of the different test protocols and the influence of the experimental parameters are discussed. It appears that the frequency of renewing the acid solution during the exposure period is the main parameter that influences the mass loss and the rate of degradation, while the sample geometry and the ratio between the volume of solution and concrete surface area had no clear influence. Nevertheless, there was reasonable agreement between the methods regarding the magnitude of the concrete degradation (resulting in a mass loss of about 2.5 kg/m² in six months time). The use of granulometrically optimized slag cement provided a moderate increase of the concrete resistance against acid attack, and this practice might be recommended in order to increase the durability of structures exposed to sulfuric acid media. The fact that the difference in comparison with SCC-OPC was rather limited shows that the influence of the cement type becomes less relevant in the case of concrete with low w/c ratio and optimized concrete technology.
The Research of Crystalline Morphology and Breakdown Characteristics of Polymer/Micro-Nano-Composites
Authors: Cheng Yujia , Yu Guang , Zhang Xiaohong , Yu Boyang
Published: March 2020

In this article, low-density polyethylene (LDPE) was used as a matrix polymer, the Micro-ZnO and Nano-ZnO particles were used as the inorganic filler. With the melt blending method, the Nano-ZnO/LDPE(Nano-ZnO particles doping into LDPE), Micro-ZnO/LDPE(Micro-ZnO particles doping into LDPE) and Micro-Nano-ZnO/LDPE (Nano-ZnO and Micro-ZnO particles doping into LDPE in the same time) composites were prepared. Then, the inorganic filler and the composites were dealt with structural characterizations and analysis by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Polarization microscope (PLM), and Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Besides, these samples were dealt with (alternating current) AC breakdown performance test. The micro-experimental results showed that the Micro-ZnO and Nano-ZnO particles doping reduced the crystal size and increased the crystallization rate. With the change of cell structure, the crystallinity of composites increased. The crystallinity order of different samples was as follows: LDPE < Micro-ZnO/LDPE < Nano-ZnO/LDPE < Micro-Nano-ZnO/LDPE. From the breakdown of the experimental result, with the same mass fraction of the different inorganic doping of particles, the breakdown strength of these composites was different. The Nano-ZnO particle doping could improve the breakdown strength of composites effectively. Among them, the breakdown strength of Nano-ZnO/LDPE and Micro-Nano-ZnO/LDPE were 11% higher and 1.3% lower than that of pure LDPE, respectively. Meanwhile, the breakdown strength of Micro-composite was the lowest but its Weibull shape coefficient was the highest. Therefore, the Micro-ZnO doping was helpful for the Nano-ZnO dispersing in the matrix, which produced the Micro-Nano-synergy effects better.
Bacterial Cellulose-Modified Polyhydroxyalkanoates Scaffolds Promotes Bone Formation in Critical Size Calvarial Defects in Mice
Authors: Codreanu Ada , Balta Cornel , Herman Hildegard , Cotoraci Coralia , Mihali Ciprian Valentin , Zurbau Nicoleta , Zaharia Catalin , Rapa Maria , Stanescu Paul , Radu Ionut-Cristian , Vasile Eugeniu , Lupu George , Galateanu Bianca , Hermenean Anca
Published: March 2020

Bone regeneration is a claim challenge in addressing bone defects with large tissue deficits, that involves bone grafts to support the activity. In vitro biocompatibility of the bacterial cellulose-modified polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHB/BC) scaffolds and its osteogenic potential in critical-size mouse calvaria defects had been investigated. Bone promotion and mineralization were analyzed by biochemistry, histology/histomorphometry, X-ray analysis and immunofluorescence for highlighting osteogenesis markers. In summary, our results showed that PHB/BC scaffolds are able to support 3T3-L1 preadipocytes proliferation and had a positive effect on in vivo osteoblast differentiation, consequently inducing new bone formation after 20 weeks post-implantation. Thus, the newly developed PHB/BC scaffolds could turn out to be suitable biomaterials for the bone tissue engineering purpose.
Investigating the Advantages of Ultrasonic-assisted Welding Technique Applied in Underwater Wet Welding by in-situ X-ray Imaging Method
Authors: Chen Hao , Guo Ning , Xu Kexin , Liu Cheng , Wang Guodong
Published: March 2020

In this study, the effects of ultrasonic on melt pool dynamic, microstructure, and properties of underwater wet flux-cored arc welding (FCAW) joints were investigated. Ultrasonic vibration enhanced melt flow and weld pool oscillation. Grain fragmentation caused by cavitation changed microstructure morphology and decreased microstructure size. The proportion of polygonal ferrite (PF) reduced or even disappeared. The width of grain boundary ferrite (GBF) decreased from 34 to 10 μm, and the hardness increased from 204 to 276 HV. The tensile strength of the joint increased from 545 to 610 MPa, and the impact toughness increased from 65 to 71 J/mm2 due to the microstructure refinement at the optimum ultrasonic power.
Composite Properties of Non-Cement Blended Fiber Composites without Alkali Activator
Authors: Lin Wei-Ting , Lin Kae-Long , Korniejenko Kinga , Fiala Lukáš , Cheng An , Chen Jie
Published: March 2020

The vigorous promotion of reuse and recycling activities in Taiwan has solved a number of problems associated with the treatment of industrial waste. Considerable advances have been made in the conversion of waste materials into usable resources, thereby reducing the space required for waste storage and helping to conserve natural resources. This study examined the use of non-alkali activators to create bonded materials. Our aims were to evaluate the feasibility of using ground-granulated blast-furnace slag (S) and circulating fluidized bed co-fired fly ash (F) as non-cement binding materials and determine the optimal mix proportions (including embedded fibers) with the aim of achieving high dimensional stability and good mechanical properties. Under a fixed water/binder ratio of 0.55, we combined S and F to replace 100% of the cement at S:F ratios of 4:6, 5:5, 6:4. Polypropylene fibers (L/d = 375) were also included in the mix at 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.5% of the volume of all bonded materials. Samples were characterized in terms of flowability, compressive strength, tensile strength, water absorption, shrinkage, x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. Specimens made with an S:F ratio of 6:4 achieved compressive strength of roughly 30 MPa (at 28 days), which is the 80% the strength of conventional cement-based materials (control specimens). The inclusion of 0.2% fibers in the mix further increased compressive strength to 35 MPa and enhanced composite properties.
Numerical Investigation of the Impact of ITO, AlInN, Plasmonic GaN and Top Gold Metalization on Semipolar Green EELs
Authors: Kuc Maciej , Piskorski Łukasz , Dems Maciej , Wasiak Michał , Sokół Adam K. , Sarzała Robert P. , Czyszanowski Tomasz
Published: March 2020

In this paper, we present the results of a computational analysis of continuous-wave (CW) room-temperature (RT) semipolar InGaN/GaN edge-emitting lasers (EELs) operating in the green spectral region. In our calculations, we focused on the most promising materials and design solutions for the cladding layers, in terms of enhancing optical mode confinement. The structural modifications included optimization of top gold metalization, partial replacement of p-type GaN cladding layers with ITO and introducing low refractive index lattice-matched AlInN or plasmonic GaN regions. Based on our numerical findings, we show that by employing new material modifications to green EELs operating at around 540 nm it is possible to decrease their CW RT threshold current densities from over 11 kA/cm2 to less than 7 kA/cm2.
Machining Stresses and Initial Geometry on Bulk Residual Stresses Characterization by On-Machine Layer Removal
Authors: Aurrekoetxea Maria , López de Lacalle Luis Norberto , Llanos Iñigo
Published: March 2020

Prediction and control of machining distortion is a primary concern when manufacturing monolithic components due to the high scrap and rework costs involved. Bulk residual stresses, which vary from blank to blank, are a major factor of machining distortion. Thus, a bulk stress characterization is essential to reduce manufacturing costs linked to machining distortion. This paper proposes a method for bulk stress characterization on aluminium machining blanks, suitable for industrial application given its low requirements on equipment, labour expertise, and computation time. The method couples the effects of bulk residual stresses, machining stresses resulting from cutting loads on the surface and raw geometry of the blanks, and presents no size limitations. Experimental results confirm the capability of the proposed method to measure bulk residual stresses effectively and its practicality for industrial implementation.
Tackling Complex Analytical Tasks: An ISO/TS-Based Validation Approach for Hydrodynamic Chromatography Single Particle Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Hachenberger Yves U. , Rosenkranz Daniel , Kriegel Fabian L. , Krause Benjamin , Matschaß René , Reichardt Philipp , Tentschert Jutta , Laux Peter , Jakubowski Norbert , Panne Ulrich , Luch Andreas
Published: March 2020

Nano-carrier systems such as liposomes have promising biomedical applications. Nevertheless, characterization of these complex samples is a challenging analytical task. In this study a coupled hydrodynamic chromatography-single particle-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HDC-spICP-MS) approach was validated based on the technical specification (TS) 19590:2017 of the international organization for standardization (ISO). The TS has been adapted to the hyphenated setup. The quality criteria (QC), e.g., linearity of the calibration, transport efficiency, were investigated. Furthermore, a cross calibration of the particle size was performed with values from dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Due to an additional Y-piece, an online-calibration routine was implemented. This approach allows the calibration of the ICP-MS during the dead time of the chromatography run, to reduce the required time and enhance the robustness of the results. The optimized method was tested with different gold nanoparticle (Au-NP) mixtures to investigate the characterization properties of HDC separations for samples with increasing complexity. Additionally, the technique was successfully applied to simultaneously determine both the hydrodynamic radius and the Au-NP content in liposomes. With the established hyphenated setup, it was possible to distinguish between different subpopulations with various NP loads and different hydrodynamic diameters inside the liposome carriers.
Identification of a Key Enzyme for the Hydrolysis of β-(1→3)-Xylosyl Linkage in Red Alga Dulse Xylooligosaccharide from Bifidobacterium Adolescentis
Authors: Kobayashi Manami , Kumagai Yuya , Yamamoto Yohei , Yasui Hajime , Kishimura Hideki
Published: March 2020

Red alga dulse possesses a unique xylan, which is composed of a linear β-(1→3)/β-(1→4)-xylosyl linkage. We previously prepared characteristic xylooligosaccharide (DX3, (β-(1→3)-xylosyl-xylobiose)) from dulse. In this study, we evaluated the prebiotic effect of DX3 on enteric bacterium. Although DX3 was utilized by Bacteroides sp. and Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bacteroides Ksp. grew slowly as compared with β-(1→4)-xylotriose (X3) but B. adolescentis grew similar to X3. Therefore, we aimed to find the key DX3 hydrolysis enzymes in B. adolescentis. From bioinformatics analysis, two enzymes from the glycoside hydrolase family 43 (BAD0423: subfamily 12 and BAD0428: subfamily 11) were selected and expressed in Escherichia coli. BAD0423 hydrolyzed β-(1→3)-xylosyl linkage in DX3 with the specific activity of 2988 mU/mg producing xylose (X1) and xylobiose (X2), and showed low activity on X2 and X3. BAD0428 showed high activity on X2 and X3 producing X1, and the activity of BAD0428 on DX3 was 1298 mU/mg producing X1. Cooperative hydrolysis of DX3 was found in the combination of BAD0423 and BAD0428 producing X1 as the main product. From enzymatic character, hydrolysis of X3 was completed by one enzyme BAD0428, whereas hydrolysis of DX3 needed more than two enzymes.
Microbial Gold Biosortion and Biomineralization from Aqueous HAuCl4 Solution
Authors: Maeda Ichiro , Tsuruta Takehiko
Published: March 2020

The removal of gold (III) from aqueous systems using biosorption and biomineralization by microbial cells was investigated. High levels of gold (III) were removed from a hydrogen tetrachloroaurate (III) solution for 72 h by microbial species, including bacteria, fungi and yeasts. Previously, we reported that the amounts of gold (III) removed through biosorption by gram-positive bacteria, fungi, and yeasts was lower than that by gram-negative bacteria. Candida krusei was able to remove large amounts of gold (III) through biosorption and biomineralization. Interestingly, more gold was removed by atomic reduction than by biosorption. Additionally, we examined time, pH, concentration and other factors affecting gold removal. The rate of gold (III) removal by C. krusei increased for 6 h, and then stabilized, however, the rate of removal increased after 22 h, and reached a second equilibrium after 68 h.
Association between Dietary Intake of One-Carbon Metabolism Nutrients in the Year before Pregnancy and Birth Anthropometry
Authors: Lecorguillé Marion , Lioret Sandrine , de Lauzon-Guillain Blandine , de Gavelle Erwan , Forhan Anne , Mariotti François , Charles Marie-Aline , Heude Barbara
Published: March 2020

Few studies have evaluated the role of methylation-pathway nutrients involved in fetal growth (B vitamins, choline, betaine, and methionine). These one-carbon metabolism (OCM) nutrients are essential for DNA methylation in the periconception period. We aimed to characterize dietary patterns of 1638 women from the EDEN mother-child cohort in the year before pregnancy according to the contribution of OCM nutrients and to study the association of such patterns with anthropometric measurements at birth. Dietary intake before pregnancy was assessed by using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. We used the reduced-rank regression (RRR) method to identify dietary patterns using OCM nutrients as intermediate variables. We ran linear regressions models to study the association between dietary patterns scores and birth weight, length, head circumference, gestational age, and sex-specific z-scores, adjusting for maternal characteristics and vitamin supplementation before and during pregnancy. Three patterns, “varied and balanced”, “vegetarian tendency”, and “bread and starchy food” were identified, explaining 58% of the variability in OCM nutrient intake. Higher scores on the “varied and balanced” pattern tended to be associated with higher birth length and weight. In mainly well-nourished young French women, we did not find evidence that variability in OCM nutrient intake has major effects on fetal growth.
Vitamin D and Sport Performance
Authors: Knechtle Beat , Nikolaidis Pantelis Theodoros
Published: March 2020

Vitamin D seems to be very important for general health but also for athletic performance [...]
Non-Coding RNAs and Their Role in Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) and Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV) Infections
Authors: Wu Wenzhe , Choi Eun-Jin , Lee Inhan , Lee Yong Sun , Bao Xiaoyong
Published: March 2020

Recent high-throughput sequencing revealed that only 2% of the transcribed human genome codes for proteins, while the majority of transcriptional products are non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Herein, we review the current knowledge regarding ncRNAs, both host- and virus-derived, and their role in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) infections. RSV is known as the most common cause of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in children, while hMPV is also a significant contributor to LRTI in the pediatrics population. Although RSV and hMPV are close members, belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, they induce distinct changes in the ncRNA profile. Several types of host ncRNAs, including long ncRNA (lncRNA), microRNAs (miRNAs), and transfer RNA (tRNA)-derived RNA fragments (tRFs), are involved as playing roles in RSV and/or hMPV infection. Given the importance of ncRNAs in regulating the expression and functions of genes and proteins, comprehensively understanding the roles of ncRNAs in RSV/hMPV infection could shed light upon the disease mechanisms of RSV and hMPV, potentially providing insights into the development of prevention strategies and antiviral therapy. The presence of viral-derived RNAs and the potential of using ncRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers are also discussed in this review.
The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase TRIM21 Promotes HBV DNA Polymerase Degradation
Authors: Mu Ting , Zhao Xiaoqing , Zhu Yanan , Fan Hongxia , Tang Hua
Published: March 2020

The tripartite motif (TRIM) protein family is an E3 ubiquitin ligase family. Recent reports have indicated that some TRIM proteins have antiviral functions, especially against retroviruses. However, most studies mainly focus on the relationship between TRIM21 and interferon or other antiviral effectors. The effect of TRIM21 on virus-encoded proteins remains unclear. In this study, we screened candidate interacting proteins of HBV DNA polymerase (Pol) by FLAG affinity purification and mass spectrometry assay and identified TRIM21 as its regulator. We used a coimmunoprecipitation (co-IP) assay to demonstrate that TRIM21 interacted with the TP domain of HBV DNA Pol. In addition, TRIM21 promoted the ubiquitination and degradation of HBV DNA Pol using its RING domain, which has E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. Lys260 and Lys283 of HBV DNA Pol were identified as targets for ubiquitination mediated by TRIM21. Finally, we uncovered that TRIM21 degrades HBV DNA Pol to restrict HBV DNA replication, and its SPRY domain is critical for this activity. Taken together, our results indicate that TRIM21 suppresses HBV DNA replication mainly by promoting the ubiquitination of HBV DNA Pol, which may provide a new potential target for the treatment of HBV.
Craig on the Resurrection: A Defense
Authors: Davis Stephen T.
Published: March 2020

This article is a rebuttal to Robert G. Cavin and Carlos A. Colombetti’s article, “Assessing the Resurrection Hypothesis: Problems with Craig’s Inference to the Best Explanation,” which argues that the Standard Model of current particle physics entails that non-physical things (like a supernatural God or a supernaturally resurrected body) can have no causal contact with the physical universe. As such, they argue that William Lane Craig’s resurrection hypothesis is not only incompatible with the notion of Jesus physically appearing to the disciples, but the resurrection hypothesis is significantly limited in both its explanatory scope and explanatory power. This article seeks to demonstrate why their use of the Standard Model does not logically entail a rejection of the physical resurrection of Jesus when considering the scope and limitations of science itself.
Imagined as us-American: Patriotic Music, Religion, and Violence Post-9/11
Authors: Kwon David
Published: March 2020

With the common correlation of the patriotic music community to “America,” country music after 9/11, in many respects, could be seen as a site for the reinforcement and construction of American national identity. This article particularly explores the use of country music in the United States to represent and create a political ideology of “imagined” national identity in the time period between September 11, 2001 and the invasion of Iraq in the Spring of 2003. However, the nation, as imagined in these country song lyrics, has very specific dimensions. It is not just any nation. It is perceived (and valued, for that matter) as justifiably aggressive. It is a Christian nation defined in opposition to the Islamic “other.” This targeted racial and religious group is not just an outside foreign “other” but a heavily stigmatized foreigner from within their own country. The mapping of these particular concepts of nation and religion onto mainstream country music constitutes its primary imagined identity.
Pengaruh Iklim Organisasi terhadap Organizational Citizenship Behavior
Authors: Khairuddin Khairuddin
Published: March 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui secara empiris pengaruh iklim organisasi terhadap organizational citizenship behavior pada karyawan. Subjek penelitian sebanyak 165 orang yang diambil dengan cara simple random sampling. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah instrument skala psikologi yaitu skala organizational citizenship behavior yang disusun menggunakan aspek altruism, conscientiousness, sportsmanships, courtesy dan civic virtue (α = 0,924), skala iklim organisasi yang disusun menggunakan aspek konformitas, tanggungjawab, standar, imbalan, kejelasan organisasi, dukungan dan kehangatan serta kepemimpinan (α = 0.931). Analisis data menggunakan teknik regresi linier sederhana. Berdasarkan analisis data, didapatkan hasil penelitian yaitu ada pengaruh iklim organisasi terhadap organizational citizenship behavior didapatkan koefisien determinan (R2) = 0.413 terhadap p = 0.000 < 0.050. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa iklim organisasi sebagai salah satu faktor eksternal memiliki pengaruh terhadap organizational citizenship behavior sebesar 41,3%. Kontribusi ini bisa saja meningkat maupun menurun seiring berjalannya organisasi dan kebijakan-kebijakan perusahaan yang dapat menstimulasi organizational citizenship behavior karyawan.
Implementasi Kebijakan Retribusi Pelayanan Pasar di Pasar Adiwerna Kabupaten Tegal
Authors: Dwika Septi Anjani Putri , Kismartini Kismartini , Dwimawanti Ida Hayu
Published: March 2020

Kebijakan retribusi pelayanan pasar merupakan kebijakan yang tertuang dalam UU Nomor 28 Tahun 2009 Tentang Pajak Daerah dan Retribusi Daerah yang memiliki tujuan untuk mengatur pelaksanaan pajak daerah dan retibusi daerah, memberikan kewenangan yang besar kepada daerah untuk mengurus dan mengatur pengelolaan pajak dan retribusi didaerahnya. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis bagaimana implementasi kebijakan retribusi pelayanan pasar di Pasar Adiwerna Kabupaten Tegal dan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis faktor pendukung dan penghambat implementasi kebijakan retribusi pelayanan pasar di Pasar Adiwerna Kabupaten Tegal. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif. Berdasarkan hambatan didalam Implementasi kebijaka retribusi pelayanan pasar di Pasar Adiwerna Kabupaten Tegal, penulis memberikan rekomendasi berupa : Penambahan jumlah staf pada bidang pengelolaan pasar di Dinas Perdagangan, Koperasi, dan UKM Kabupaten Tegal, Sanksi yang tegas kepada para pedagang yang tidak membayar retribusi tepat waktu, Penyediaan fasilitas pasar haru lebih dioptimalkan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, ternyata masih ada banyak hal yang perlu untuk diperbaiki apabila dilihat dari keefektivan proses implementasi kebijakan retribusi pelayanan pasar dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Implementasi Kebijakan Retribusi Pelayanan Pasar di Pasar Adiwerna Kabupaten Tegal apabila dilihat dari  proses pelaksanaannya dapat dikatakan cukup baik.