bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of location on internal fruit quality of pear (Pyrus communis L.) cv. 'Williams'
Authors: HUDINA Metka , SOLAR Anita , ŠTAMPAR Franci
Published: July 2024

The influence of various locations that is, climatic and soils factors, on the internal quality of the cv. ‘Williams’ fruits was investigated. The application of the HPLC method enabled us to successfully observe the changes in the contents of individual sugars (glucose, fructose, sucrose), alcohol sugar sorbitol and organic acids (citric, malic, fumaric, and shikimic acids). The contents of soluble solids, total sugars, and total organic acids were measured, as well as the sugars/organic acids and glucose/fructose ratios. Various meteorological (precipitation, temperature, sunlight) and soil (macro and micro elements in the soil) parameters had effects on the contents of individual sugars and organic acids in the fruits of the cv. ‘Williams’. The highest contents of individual sugars (glucose, fructose, and sorbitol), total sugars and soluble solids in the fruits were measured in the area of Bistrica ob Sotli. The differences between the locations were statistically significant. The lowest amount of malic acid in the fruits was observed in the area of Bistrica ob Sotli. In the pear fruits grown in the area of Krško the highest contents of citric and shikimic acids were measured. The glucose/fructose ratio of 0.2 was most closely approached in the fruits grown in the areas of Bistrica ob Sotli and Krško.
Rural-urban difference in attitudes towards foreigners related policy in Slovenia
Authors: ČERNIČ ISTENIČ Majda
Published: July 2024

At the end of 1980s and especially after its independence in 1991 the migration flows to Slovenia have diminished. However, since 1996 migration waves (especially illegal ones) to Slovenia have again increased significantly. Slovenia faces unfavourable demographic situation connected with the past processes of industrialisation, urbanisation and deagrarisation. Within these trends the farming population and some parts of the rural population are confronted with exceptionally unfavourable demographic and socio-economic situation as well. From this point of view the article treats the inclination of the Slovene residents towards foreigners friendly policy. Regarding different experiences with migration courses in the past and current demographic variations of urban and rural populations, the analysis of attitudes, estimations and opinions distinguishes between rural-farming, rural-non-farming and urban populations. The analysis is based on the data set form Population, Family and Welfare: Attitudes towards Policy and Measures Survey 2000. The results show considerably unfavourable attitudes of the citizens of Slovenia towards foreigners and immigrants friendly governmental policy. A negative attitude towards foreigners is in this respect especially distinctive in the rural agricultural population.
The use and improvement of karst grassland
Authors: VIDRIH Anton , LOBNIK Franc
Published: July 2024

The Slovenian Karst Plateau is presented in the article and reviewed are the possibilities for the development of sustainable grassland utilisation with livestock grazing. This can have positive impact on the biodiversity of the region and on well kept appearance of the landscape. Limestone and dolomite rocks form karstic character of land, which is expressed through geomorphological, hydrographical as well as floristic and vegetational, soil, agricultural, and settlement pattern. The key indicator for a land stability and productivity is succession. It is the process of change and development in entire communities; soil, micro-organisms, animals and plant life. To understand the nature of the forces that influence individual plants within the Karst pasture sward, we need to consider what happens in the sward from the plant's point of view. To maintain karst grassland and prevent it from bush encroachment, the grazing of livestock is of vital importance. Grazing livestock greatly affects the composition of pasture plant communities. With proper grazing management animals always cause pasture to be a more complex mixture of plants than it otherwise would be. This is because animals graze selectively and in patches, and the effects vary in time and space. They do collect the nutrients from wider area and return them more concentrated to the soil. This has great influence on site fertility and vitality of the ecosystem. All this has an effect on sward development, which contains a wide variety of plants adapted enough to survive their different local conditions. It is quite logical that throughout the process of evolution, the pasture plants and animals have adapted to each other and that grazing is not harmful to those plants.
Behaviour of the main okra (Abelmoschus spp.) cultivars grown in Côte d’Ivoire to root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White, 1919)) under greenhouse conditions
Authors: KOUAKOU Yadom Yao François Regis , KRA Kouamé Daniel , TOUALY Marie Noel Yeyeh , OUATTARA Bognan Miyasi Winnie , DJEZOU Kouamé Clément , ATTA DIALLO Hortense
Published: July 2024

Root-knot nematodes are the main factor limiting okra production in Côte d’Ivoire. Using resistant cultivars appears to be one of the best strategies for managing root-knot nematodes. The aim of this study was to determine the behaviour of the main okra cultivars grown in Côte d’Ivoire against Meloidogyne incognita. Seeds of 20 okra cultivars were planted in pots under greenhouse conditions. Fourteen-day-old plants of okra cultivars were inoculated with 500 second-stage juveniles of M. incognita. Agronomic and pathological parameters were determined. The Basanti cultivar exhibited the highest gall index (5.0/plant), final population (7938 individuals/plant), and reproductive factor (15.88/plant) of M. incognita, whereas the Hiré cultivar showed one of the lowest gall indexes (3.0/plant), final population (912 individuals/plant), and reproductive factor (1.8/plant). Two groups of cultivars were identified based on their susceptibility to M. incognita and their agronomic performance. One group consisted of cultivars that were less susceptible to M. incognita and had better agronomic performance. Cultivars that were more susceptible to M. incognita and had poorer agronomic performance made up the other group. The Hiré cultivar was the least favourable to M. incognita development. Based on the current study, the Hiré cultivar may be a promising option for farmers in root-knot nematode-prone environments.
Biodiversity, the present ecological state of the Aral Sea and its impact on future development
Authors: J. Toman Mihael , Plotnikov Igor , Aladin Nikolai , Micklin Philip , Ermakhanov Zaualkhan
Published: July 2024

The Aral sea used to be the fourth largest lake in the world. Its catchment area is huge, two main rivers (Amu Darya and Syr Darya) feed the lake. The balance of hydrological regime changed drastically after 1960 due to regulation of both main rivers and diversion of water for agricultural irrigation and intense cotton production. Salinity increased and most of invertebrate and fish species disappeared. A significant drop of water level has been recorded in the past 20 years and Aral Lake is presently divided into a small northern lake basin and a larger south basin. Kokaral dam construction resulted in increased water level and decreased salinity. Many invertebrate species reappeared in Small Aral and fish returned from Syr Darya river. Ecological situation in Large Aral is different, eastern part of this basin is completely dried out. The data on salinity levels, some chemical characteristics and above all the data about zooplankton, zoobenthos and fish in Small Aral have been recorded and presented in the article. Salinity ranges between 1 and 8 g/L, the lowest is near the river inlet. Five species of zooplankton (Keratella quadrata, Brachionus plicatilis, Evadne anonyx, Calanipeda aquaedulcis, Cyclops vicinus) and rotifers from the genus Synchaeta are very abundant, ten species are less numerous and seven summer species very rare. Different zoobenthos species are present, but only four abundant (Hediste diversicolor, Chironomus plumosus, Syndosmya segmentum and Cyprideis torosa). Zoobenthos mainly consist of Polychaeta, Mollusca, Crustacea and Diptera. The highest diversity was found near the Kokaral dam. Many fish species are commercially important: 14 of them are abundant, including endemic bream Abramis brama orientalis, Chalcalburnus chalcoides aralensis, carp Cyprinus carpio aralensis, and Aral roach Rutilus rutilus aralensis. White-eye bream Abramis sapa aralensis, silver carp Hypophtalmichthys molitrix, orfe Leuciscus idus oxianus, and snakehead Channa argus warpachowskii are less numerous. Aral barbel Barbus brachycephalus brachycephalus and Turkestan barbel Barbus capito conocephalus remain very rare. It can be concluded that significant positive changes occurred after Kokaral dam construction. Particularly, biocenoses and the Aral lake environment have been improved and fisheries returned. Today Kazakhstan Government is discussing an idea to improve this dam and dike and we support this discussion and advise to make it higher. All can lead to improve ecological state of the Small Aral.
Optical properties of different structures of some herbaceous understorey plant species from temperate deciduous forests
Authors: Gaberščik Alenka , Holcar Matej , Grašič Mateja
Published: July 2024

This contribution discusses the optical properties of different structures of some herbaceous understorey plant species from temperate deciduous and mixed forests. These forests are marked by annual dynamics of radiation level that is related to the vegetation cycle of forest trees. During winter and early spring, the understorey is exposed to full solar radiation, whilelater in the growing season radiation is limited due to the closing of the tree storey. The plasticity of optical properties ofphotosynthetic structures of understorey plants is directly related to their structural and biochemical phenotypic plasticity that optimises harvesting and use of energy. The optimisation of energy harvesting is also achieved by specific adaptations of green leaves, such as variegation (Pulmonaria officinalis, Cyclamen sp.), anthocyanic lower epidermis (Cyclamen sp.), and by using structures other than green leaves for photosynthesis, such as bracts (Hacquetia epipactis) and sepals (Helleborus sp.). The optical properties of these structures are similar to those of green leaves. The understanding of optical responses of different structures contributes to the understanding of the forest understorey functioning.
Allelopathic effect of some invasive plants on germination and growth of tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tatricum)
Authors: Anžlovar Sabina , Anžlovar Aurora Maria
Published: July 2024

Allelopathic compounds released by invasive plants can directly affect neighbouring plants by interfering with their germination and suppressing the growth of seedlings or adult plants. In this study, we investigated the strength of the allelopathic effect of three invasive plants: Japanese knotweed (Fallopia japonica), Canadian goldenrod (Solidago canadensis) and stinkwort (Dittrichia graveolens) on the germination and early growth of Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tatricum). All three aqueous extracts significantly reduced the growth of buckwheat seedlings, but had almost no effect on seed germination. In addition, aqueous extracts obtained from a 2-fold serial dilution of a 10% extract of D. graveolens inhibited the growth of buckwheat seedlings in a dose-dependent manner. The results showed that root length was significantly more reduced than shoot length, while seed germination remained largely unaffected.
A standard to report biological variation data studies – based on an expert opinion
Authors: Bartlett William A. , Sandberg Sverre , Carobene Anna , Fernandez-Calle Pilar , Diaz-Garzon Jorge , Coskun Abdurrahman , Jonker Niels , Galior Kornelia , Gonzales-Lao Elisabet , Moreno-Parro Isabel , Sufrate-Vergara Berta , Webster Craig , Itkonen Outi , Marques-García Fernando , Aarsand Aasne K.
Published: July 2024

There is a need for standards for generation and reporting of Biological Variation (BV) reference data. The absence of standards affects the quality and transportability of BV data, compromising important clinical applications. To address this issue, international expert groups under the European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM) have developed an online resource (https://tinyurl.com/bvmindmap) in the form of an interactive mind map that serves as a guideline for researchers planning, performing and reporting BV studies. The mind map addresses study design, data analysis, and reporting criteria, providing embedded links to relevant references and resources. It also incorporates a checklist approach, identifying a minimum data set (MDS) to enable the transportability of BV data and incorporates the Biological Variation Data Critical Appraisal Checklist (BIVAC) to assess study quality. The mind map is open to access and is disseminated through the EFLM BV Database website, promoting accessibility and compliance to a reporting standard, thereby providing a tool to be used to ensure data quality, consistency, and comparability of BV data. Thus, comparable to the STARD initiative for diagnostic accuracy studies, the mind map introduces a Standard for Reporting Biological Variation Data Studies (STARBIV), which can enhance the reporting quality of BV studies, foster user confidence, provide better decision support, and be used as a tool for critical appraisal. Ongoing refinement is expected to adapt to emerging methodologies, ensuring a positive trajectory toward improving the validity and applicability of BV data in clinical practice.
Study of phytochemical compound and antipyretic activity of Chenopodium ambrosioides L. fractions
Authors: Drioua Soufiane , El-Guourrami Otman , Ameggouz Mouna , Benkhouili Fatima Zahra , Assouguem Amine , Kara Mohammed , Al Kamaly Omkulthom , Alnakhli Anwar M. , Benlabchir Abdessamad Ait , Benzeid Hanane , Doukkali Anass
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the chemical composition and potential medicinal properties of different fractions of Chenopodium ambrosioides using mass spectrometry. C. ambrosioides, commonly known as epazote, has been traditionally used in folk medicine for its purported health benefits. However, there is a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding its bioactive compounds and their physiological effects. Our study aims to fill this gap by analyzing the chemical constituents of three fractions of C. ambrosioides – CHF, BF, and AF – and assessing their antioxidant and antipyretic properties. The results reveal a diverse array of bioactive compounds in each fraction, including protocatechuic acid, vanillin, syringaldehyde, flavonoids, and phenolic acids, which are known for their pharmacological activities. Notably, the CHF fraction exhibits compounds linked to antioxidant effects, suggesting potential therapeutic applications in managing oxidative stress-related disorders. Furthermore, the AF and BF fractions also contain compounds with antioxidant properties, emphasizing the plant’s potential health benefits. In addition to chemical analysis, the study evaluates the antipyretic activity of these fractions using a murine model. Significant reductions in rectal temperatures are observed in groups treated with FB and FA fractions, indicating a potential role in modulating body temperature. Conversely, moderate effects are noted in the FCH and ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) groups, suggesting a milder response within safe limits. These findings underscore the importance of further mechanistic studies to elucidate the precise mechanisms underlying the observed effects and ensure the safe utilization of C. ambrosioides fractions in medicinal applications. By bridging the gap between traditional knowledge and scientific evidence, this study contributes to advancing our understanding of the therapeutic potential of C. ambrosioides and lays the groundwork for future research in this field.
A review of thermal treatment for bamboo and its composites
Authors: Liang Zilu , Jiang Haiyun , Tan Yimin
Published: July 2024

Bamboo, one of the richest non-timber resources, thrives in vast tropical and subtropical regions around the world. The surge of interest in bamboo materials stems from their profound contributions to polymer matrix composites, lauded for their environmental sustainability, mechanical properties, and recyclability. However, the inherent hydrophilicity of bamboo poses a challenge to achieve optimal compatibility with hydrophobic polymer matrices, impede interfacial bonding, and reduce the effectiveness of fiber-reinforced composites. To address these hurdles, economical and environmentally sustainable heat treatment methods have emerged as pivotal tools for enhancing the surface properties of bamboo. Delving into the depths of thermal treatment research, this article meticulously summarizes the influences of varying temperatures, time, and medium on the structure of bamboo. Moreover, it reviews the mechanical properties and surface moisture content of bamboo after heat treatment, providing insights crucial for advancing the frontier of bamboo-based materials.
Revealing the mechanisms of blood–brain barrier in chronic neurodegenerative disease: an opportunity for therapeutic intervention
Authors: Yu Sixun , Chen Xin , Yang Tao , Cheng Jingmin , Liu Enyu , Jiang Lingli , Song Min , Shu Haifeng , Ma Yuan
Published: July 2024

The brain microenvironment is tightly regulated, and the blood–brain barrier (BBB) plays a pivotal role in maintaining the homeostasis of the central nervous system. It effectively safeguards brain tissue from harmful substances in peripheral blood. However, both acute pathological factors and age-related biodegradation have the potential to compromise the integrity of the BBB and are associated with chronic neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD), as well as Epilepsy (EP). This association arises due to infiltration of peripheral foreign bodies including microorganisms, immune-inflammatory mediators, and plasma proteins into the central nervous system when the BBB is compromised. Nevertheless, these partial and generalized understandings do not prompt a shift from passive to active treatment approaches. Therefore, it is imperative to acquire a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying vascular disease alterations associated with the onset and progression of chronic neurodegenerative disorders, as well as the subsequent homeostatic changes triggered by BBB impairment. The present article aims to systematically summarize and review recent scientific work with a specific focus on elucidating the fundamental mechanisms underlying BBB damage in AD, PD, and EP as well as their consequential impact on disease progression. These findings not only offer guidance for optimizing the physiological function of the BBB, but also provide valuable insights for developing intervention strategies aimed at early restoration of BBB structural integrity, thereby laying a solid foundation for designing drug delivery strategies centered around the BBB.
Simple model of turbine-based combined cycle propulsion system and smooth mode transition
Authors: Liu Jun , Kuang Zheng , Wang Yunfei , Yuan Huacheng
Published: July 2024

Turbine-based combined cycle (TBCC) propulsion system is becoming one of the most promising propulsion systems for two-stage-to-orbit reusable launch vehicle. Mathematic model of this combined cycle engine is helpful for the basic understanding of performance analysis of this propulsion system. We developed mathematic model of TBCC propulsion system based on C++ platform in this paper. Firstly, turbojet engine was built on component level and ramjet engine was calculated through stream thrust function. Then, performance of turbine-based combined cycle propulsion system along a specific flight trajectory was investigated. According to the thrust of this combined cycle engine, mode transition point was suggested at Ma 2.5, which may achieve smooth mode transition from turbine mode to ramjet mode. Finally, mode transition based on smooth mass flow and smooth thrust criteria were studied. The thrust gap arises during smooth mass flow mode transition, particularly when the turbojet engine afterburner is powered off at the start of the mode transition, and it meets 34 % of the total thrust. Smooth thrust mode transition may be achieved by delaying the turbojet engine afterburner power off and injecting additional fuel into ramjet burner.
“SPORT, VAGY TANULÁS?” – TANULÓI ÉS SZÜLŐI VÉLEMÉNYEK EGY KÉRDŐÍVES FELMÉRÉS EREDMÉNYEINEK TÜKRÉBEN
Authors: Elbert Gábor
Published: July 2024

Bevezetés: A fiatalkori versenysport a felnőtt személy egészségi állapotára és sportelköteleződésére is bizonyítottanjótékony hatással lehet. Sajnos a ver- senyszerűen sportoló tanulók száma egyre csökken, az iskola pedig évti- zedek óta nem tudja kezelni a tanulók sportolásból fakadó különleges hely- zetét.Célkitűzés: Kutatásom az iskola és a sport kapcsolatának bemutatása a tanulói, valamint szülői vélemények tükrében. A szerző szeretné felhív- ni a „sport, vagy tanulás” dilemmára mindenki figyelmét, aki egy sportoló gyermek, fiatal életére, pályafutására hatással lehet.
Anyag és módszer: Vizsgálati mód- szerem a szakirodalom tanulmányo- zása mellett a dokumentumelemzés, majd egy kérdőíves felmérés (N=285) adatainak kiértékelése volt.

Eredmények: A szülők és a tanulók egyaránt fontosnak tartják a tanulást és a sportot, de a közoktatás, illetve az iskola nehezen tudja kezelni a tanu- lók versenyszerű sportolásból adódó problémáit, nem képes direkt eszkö- zökkel támogatni az élsportoló tanu- lók sporttevékenységét és tanulmányi kötelezettségeinek teljesítését sem. A tanulók a szülőknél nagyobb arányban vélik úgy, hogy fontos a tanulás, de az iskola nem kell, hogy erős legyen. Úgy érzik, csak részben múlik szüleiken, hogy mennyit tanulnak. A sportoló di- ákok szülei kevesebbet tudnak a spor- tolás miatti iskolai konfliktusokról, mint a diákok. A tanulók kevésbé érzik támogatónak az osztályfőnök magatar- tását, mint szüleik. A szülők úgy vélik, osztálytársaik felnéznek sportoló gyer- mekükre, akik inkább közömbösnek látják hozzáállásukat.

Megbeszélés és következtetések:
Hipotéziseim többsége igaznak bizo- nyult, a tanulók és a szülők véleménye csak néhány kérdésben tért el. Kutatásieredményeim alapján megfontolandó- nak tartom a köznevelési típusú spor- tiskolai rendszer további megerősíté- sét, akár a központi fejkvótarendszer ismételt bevezetésével is. Kulcsszavak: versenysport, tanuló, szülő, iskola, konfliktus
LEGÁLIS SZEREK HASZNÁLATÁNAK ALAKULÁSA A FIATAL SPORTOLÓK KÖRÉBEN
Authors: Botkáné Katona Zita , Tigyi Zoltánné Henriette
Published: July 2024

Bevezetés: A legális szerhasználat az emberiséggel egyidős, ám folyamatosan változik. A droghasználat és annakelfogadottsága az elmúlt 10 évben is jelentősen átalakult.Célkitűzés: Empirikus kutatásunkban azt kívánjuk vizsgálni, hogy a fizikailag aktív serdülőket milyen egészségmagatartási mintázat jellemzi. Arra keressük a választ továbbá, hogy jelenleg milyen mértékű a szerhasználat a fiatal sportolók körében, és kíváncsiak va gyunk a primer prevenció hatékonyságára is. Hangsúlyosan szeretnénk meg- vizsgálni a mentális beavatkozások eshetőségét, annak érdekében, hogy a fiatalok a megfelelő önértékeléssel ésegészségtudatos magatartással rendelkezzenek és ne elégedjenek meg a fizikai aktivitás lehetőségével, mivel az önmagában nem elegendő egészségük megtartásához.Anyag és módszer: Kutatásunk cél- csoportja a Nyugat-Dunántúl különböző térségeiben élő, Győr különböző középfokú oktatási intézményiben tanuló 15-19 éves serdülő korosztály, akik rendszeresen és versenyszerűen, illetve olyan társaik, akik csak hobbiszinten sportolnak. Keresztmetszeti vizsgálatunk egy pilot kutatás, amit kérdőíves adatfelvétellel végeztünk (N=151).

Eredmények: A felmértek többségébe 5-7 éves korban kezdett el sportolni (57%). Étkezésüket az egészségtudatosság jellemzi (34,9%), rizikómagatartásukat vizsgálva pozitívnak tekinthető, hogy 55,3% még nem próbálta ki a dohányzást. Első alkohol fogyasztásuk hozzávetőleg 14 (24,3%) és 15 (25,0%) éves korban volt. Az energiaitalfogyasztás viszont nagy mértékben jellemzi a sportolókat, akik kevésbé, vagy egyáltalán nem tartják veszélyesnek annak használatát.
Megbeszélés és következtetések: A sportoló középiskolás fiatalok körében is jelen a szerhasználat (legális és illegális egyaránt). Ezért fontos feladatunknak tartjuk a kutatásunkban a

feltárt tényadatok megismertetését az iskolával, szülőkkel, edzőkkel, sportegyesületekkel, szakemberekkel egyaránt.
Exploring the presence of genotype-by-environment interactions between dairy cow herds milking once-a-day or twice-a-day for the entire lactation
Authors: Berry D.P. , Hilliard B. , McCarthy J. , Kennedy E.
Published: July 2024

The objective was to explore if the regression of phenotypic performance for six milk production traits on the respective estimate of genetic merit for that trait differed by herd milking frequency; variance components for each trait in the two milking frequency environments were also estimated as well as the genetic correlation between the same trait in both environments. The data used included 12,581 lactations from 5,456 cows in 32 spring-calving once-a-day (OAD) milking herds. Each OAD herd was matched with three contemporary twice-a-day (TAD)-milking herds; 35,823 lactations from 15,188 cows in 96 TAD herds were used. Mean yield was 20% (fat yield) to 31% (milk yield) lower in OAD herds. Milk protein concentration was 11% higher in OAD herds, while milk fat concentration was 16% higher in OAD herds. The mean back-transformed somatic cell score (SCS) was 100,390 cells/mL in OAD herds and 72,493 cells/mL in TAD herds. The association between each milk production trait and its respective estimate of genetic merit differed by herd milking frequency; the estimated regression coefficients were larger in TAD for just milk yield and SCS. The genetic correlation between the same trait in OAD versus TAD was all ≥0.73 with the exception of SCS (genetic correlation of 0.48) which suggests some re-ranking of sires between environments. In conclusion, differences in the scale of the genetic variance were evident for both milking frequencies and possible re-ranking was evident for SCS.
Impact of Unitary Synaptic Inhibition on Spike Timing in Ventral Tegmental Area Dopamine Neurons
Authors: Higgs Matthew H. , Beckstead Michael J.
Published: July 2024

Midbrain dopamine neurons receive convergent synaptic input from multiple brain areas, which perturbs rhythmic pacemaking to produce the complex firing patterns observed in vivo. This study investigated the impact of single and multiple inhibitory inputs on ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine neuron firing in mice of both sexes using novel experimental measurements and modeling. We first measured unitary inhibitory postsynaptic currents produced by single axons using both minimal electrical stimulation and minimal optical stimulation of rostromedial tegmental nucleus and ventral pallidum afferents. We next determined the phase resetting curve, the reversal potential for GABAAreceptor-mediated inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs), and the average interspike membrane potential trajectory during pacemaking. We combined these data in a phase oscillator model of a VTA dopamine neuron, simulating the effects of unitary inhibitory postsynaptic conductances (uIPSGs) on spike timing and rate. The effect of a uIPSG on spike timing was predicted to vary according to its timing within the interspike interval or phase. Simulations were performed to predict the pause duration resulting from the synchronous arrival of multiple uIPSGs and the changes in firing rate and regularity produced by asynchronous uIPSGs. The model data suggest that asynchronous inhibition is more effective than synchronous inhibition, because it tends to hold the neuron at membrane potentials well positive to the IPSC reversal potential. Our results indicate that small fluctuations in the inhibitory synaptic input arriving from the many afferents to each dopamine neuron are sufficient to produce highly variable firing patterns, including pauses that have been implicated in reinforcement.
Adaptive Changes in Group 2 Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors Underlie the Deficit in Recognition Memory Induced by Methamphetamine in Mice
Authors: Busceti Carla Letizia , Di Menna Luisa , Castaldi Sonia , D’Errico Giovanna , Taddeucci Alice , Bruno Valeria , Fornai Francesco , Pittaluga Anna , Battaglia Giuseppe , Nicoletti Ferdinando
Published: July 2024

Cognitive dysfunction is associated with methamphetamine use disorder (MUD). Here, we used genetic and pharmacological approaches to examine the involvement of either Group 2 metabotropic glutamate (mGlu2) or mGlu3 receptors in memory deficit induced by methamphetamine in mice. Methamphetamine treatment (1 mg/kg, i.p., once a day for 5 d followed by 7 d of withdrawal) caused an impaired performance in the novel object recognition test in wild-type mice, but not in mGlu2−/−or mGlu3−/−mice. Memory deficit in wild-type mice challenged with methamphetamine was corrected by systemic treatment with selectively negative allosteric modulators of mGlu2 or mGlu3 receptors (compounds VU6001966 and VU0650786, respectively). Methamphetamine treatment in wild-type mice caused large increases in levels of mGlu2/3 receptors, the Type 3 activator of G-protein signaling (AGS3), Rab3A, and the vesicular glutamate transporter, vGlut1, in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Methamphetamine did not alter mGlu2/3-mediated inhibition of cAMP formation but abolished the ability of postsynaptic mGlu3 receptors to boost mGlu5 receptor-mediated inositol phospholipid hydrolysis in PFC slices. Remarkably, activation of presynaptic mGlu2/3 receptors did not inhibit but rather amplified depolarization-induced [3H]-D-aspartate release in synaptosomes prepared from the PFC of methamphetamine-treated mice. These findings demonstrate that exposure to methamphetamine causes changes in the expression and function of mGlu2 and mGlu3 receptors, which might alter excitatory synaptic transmission in the PFC and raise the attractive possibility that selective inhibitors of mGlu2 or mGlu3 receptors (or both) may be used to improve cognitive dysfunction in individuals affected by MUD.
Dopamine Release in the Nucleus Accumbens Core Encodes the General Excitatory Components of Learning
Authors: Taira Masakazu , Millard Samuel J. , Verghese Anna , DiFazio Lauren E. , Hoang Ivy B. , Jia Ruiting , Sias Ana , Wikenheiser Andrew , Sharpe Melissa J.
Published: July 2024

Dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens core (NAcC) is generally considered to be a proxy for phasic firing of the ventral tegmental area dopamine (VTADA) neurons. Thus, dopamine release in NAcC is hypothesized to reflect a unitary role in reward prediction error signaling. However, recent studies reveal more diverse roles of dopamine neurons, which support an emerging idea that dopamine regulates learning differently in distinct circuits. To understand whether the NAcC might regulate a unique component of learning, we recorded dopamine release in NAcC while male rats performed a backward conditioning task where a reward is followed by a neutral cue. We used this task because we can delineate different components of learning, which include sensory-specific inhibitory and general excitatory components. Furthermore, we have shown that VTADAneurons are necessary for both the specific and general components of backward associations. Here, we found that dopamine release in NAcC increased to the reward across learning while reducing to the cue that followed as it became more expected. This mirrors the dopamine prediction error signal seen during forward conditioning and cannot be accounted for temporal-difference reinforcement learning. Subsequent tests allowed us to dissociate these learning components and revealed that dopamine release in NAcC reflects the general excitatory component of backward associations, but not their sensory-specific component. These results emphasize the importance of examining distinct functions of different dopamine projections in reinforcement learning.
Electrical Synapses Mediate Embryonic Hyperactivity in a Zebrafish Model of Fragile X Syndrome
Authors: Miles Kaleb D. , Barker Chase M. , Russell Kristen P. , Appel Bruce H. , Doll Caleb A.
Published: July 2024

Although hyperactivity is associated with a wide variety of neurodevelopmental disorders, the early embryonic origins of locomotion have hindered investigation of pathogenesis of these debilitating behaviors. The earliest motor output in vertebrate animals is generated by clusters of early-born motor neurons (MNs) that occupy distinct regions of the spinal cord, innervating stereotyped muscle groups. Gap junction electrical synapses drive early spontaneous behavior in zebrafish, prior to the emergence of chemical neurotransmitter networks. We use a genetic model of hyperactivity to gain critical insight into the consequences of errors in motor circuit formation and function, finding that Fragile X syndrome model mutant zebrafish are hyperexcitable from the earliest phases of spontaneous behavior, show altered sensitivity to blockade of electrical gap junctions, and have increased expression of the gap junction protein Connexin 34/35. We further show that this hyperexcitable behavior can be rescued by pharmacological inhibition of electrical synapses. We also use functional imaging to examine MN and interneuron (IN) activity in early embryogenesis, finding genetic disruption of electrical gap junctions uncouples activity betweenmnx1+MNs and INs. Taken together, our work highlights the importance of electrical synapses in motor development and suggests that the origins of hyperactivity in neurodevelopmental disorders may be established during the initial formation of locomotive circuits.
Thyroid function monitoring during pregnancy in euthyroid women with thyroid autoimmunity
Authors: Kyrilli Aglaia , Corvilain Bernard , Bliddal Sofie , Precht Dorthe Hansen , Feldt-Rasmussen Ulla , Poppe Kris
Published: July 2024

Background

Thyroid autoimmunity (TAI) may be present in 1–17% of pregnant women. Monitoring of thyroid function in euthyroid pregnant women positive for anti-thyroperoxidase antibodies (TPOAb+) is recommended.

Objective

To determine the prevalence and possible clinical and biological risk factors of biochemical progression (rise in serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) > 2.5 mU/L) at second blood sampling during pregnancy, in euthyroid women (TSH ≤ 2.5 mU/L) according to their TPOAb status.

Methods

This study included demographic and biological data from two previously published cohorts (n = 274 women from August 1996 to May 1997 Copenhagen cohort, and n = 66 women from January 2013 to December 2014 Brussels cohort) having at least two measurements of TSH and free thyroxine (FT4) and at least one of TPOAb during spontaneously achieved singleton pregnancies.

Results

The majority of women studied did not show biochemical progression. Only 4.2% progressed, significantly more frequently among TPOAb+ women, as compared to TPOAb− group (9.4 vs 2.7%, P = 0.015). No rise in serum TSH > 4 mU/L at 2nd sampling was observed. Higher baseline TSH levels were associated with biochemical progression in both TPOAb+ (P = 0.05) and TPOAb− women (P < 0.001), whereas maternal age, BMI, multiparity, smoking, FT4, and TPOAb concentrations were not significantly different between women with and without progression.

Conclusions

Only a minority of euthyroid women with thyroid autoimmunity presented biochemical progression and none with a TSH > 4 mU/L. Larger studies are needed to better target the subset of women who would benefit most from repeated thyroid function monitoring during pregnancy.
The predictive risk factors associated with non-dipper profile in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension
Authors: Manea Viorel , Leucuța Daniel-Corneliu , Pop Călin , Popescu Mircea-Ioachim
Published: July 2024

Background and aims. The non-dipper status represented by blood pressure reduction by less than 10 percent during sleep is present in about 50 percent of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and hypertension, a pattern associated with more frequent cardiovascular complications and reserved prognosis. This study analyzed the predictive risk factors associated with the different dipper profiles, especially with the nocturnal pattern, following the mean arterial pressure (MAP), the mean heart rate (MHR), and the mean pulse pressure (MPP) in patients with T2D and hypertension, established by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM).
Method. 166 consecutive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension were included in a cross-sectional study, and they underwent 24-hour ABPM. We excluded patients with secondary hypertension, acute coronary disease and heart failure, with oncologic or endocrine disease. The simple and multiple linear regression models were performed predicting 24-hour, day and night MAP, MHR, and MPP according to various predictors, using software R version 4.3.1.
Results. There were 80 non-dippers (48.20%), 57 dippers (34.34%), 22 reverse-dippers (13.25%) and seven extreme-dippers (4.21%). A statistically significant association was observed between MAP 24-hour and total cholesterol (TC) (higher TC values were associated with higher MAP /24 h values): adjusted coefficient B of the regression slope: 0.09, 95% confidence interval CI (0.04- 0.15), p=0.003. In the multivariate analysis: adjusted B: 8.64, 95% CI (-14.67- -2.61), p=0.006, beta-blockers reached the threshold of statistical significance in relation to MHR/24 h, their presence decreasing the heart rate. PP/24 hours was associated in the multivariate analysis with age: adjusted B: 0.45, 95% CI (0.05- 0.85), p=0.28; abdominal circumference: 0.26, 95% CI (0.03-0.49), p=0.028, and total cholesterol: 0.1, 95% CI (0.02-0.17), p=0.013. Diabetic nephropathy was statistically significantly associated with PP/24 h: adjusted B: 10.19, 95% CI (1.24- 19.14), p=0.027.
Conclusions. High cholesterol was associated with higher values of MAP and PP. Beta-blocker treatment lowered non-dipper MHR. Age and AC were correlated with increased PP values. These are predictive risk factors associated with the status of non-dippers established by ABPM, and they represent a veritable link to the non-dipper pattern in patients with T2D and hypertension.
Multiphysics Computational Modeling of Nuclear Reactors Small Size Through the Coupling of Serpent Codes and Fluent
Authors: Lago Erik , Dominguez Dany Sanchez , Mazaíra Leorlen Rojas
Published: July 2024

The study of nuclear energy using computational codes has been widely explored by nuclear engineering researchers through various calculations over the years, with emphasis on neutron and thermo-hydraulic calculations. The need for designing a reactor model that would produce energy at a lower cost per MWh highlighted the importance of Small Modular Reactor (SMR) reactors. Development: The present work aims to carry out a study related to the coupling of two computational codes, SERPENT and ANSYS FLUENT, using an SMR PWR reactor model (Pressurized Water Reactor) from the company B&W Generation, called mPower. Methods: The geometry of a pin of the mPower reactor was modeled and neutronics analyses of the model were performed using SERPENT code, while thermo-hydraulic analysis was simulated using FLUENT code. A coupling algorithm between these two simulation tools was built to automate the process of obtaining operational conditions for the effective operation of the reactor. Results: This work enabled the development of a tool that performs the multiphysics coupling between neutronic and thermos-hydraulic phenomena on mPower fuel pin. Conclusion: Multiphysics simulation, which considers the interaction between neutronic and thermal dynamics, provides an enhanced understanding of reactor operation. In this simulation, the power distribution generated by the neutronic code is used as input for the thermo-hydraulic code. Conversely, the temperature distribution obtained from the thermo-hydraulic simulation is fed back into a subsequent iteration of the neutronic analysis, thus achieving a coupling between these phenomena.  To obtain accurate estimates for the power and temperature distributions, an automated process based on Python programming was implemented.
Histopathological Aspects as Predictor of Recurrency of Locally Advanced Breast Cancer
Authors: Rizki Kiki Akhmad , Djajakusumah Teguh Marfen , Agustina Hasrayati , Hidayat Peri
Published: July 2024

The histopathological aspect of breast cancer has been established as one of the important prognostic factors of recurrence. This study aimed to determine whether histopathological examination can be used as a predictor of the incidence of recurrence in locally advanced breast cancer patients. This was a cohort retrospective observational study with a correlative analytical approach. Subjects of this study were breast cancer patients who have undergone mastectomy and/or received additional therapy at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, Indonesia, between January 2017 and September 2019. Data were collected through medical records and anatomical histopathology data. Subjects were divided based on their recurrency status. A total of 62 breast cancer patients were included in the study with 31 recurrent patients and 31 non-recurrent patients. A total of 29 patients in the recurrent group (93.5%) had lymphovascular invasion. Histopathology grading showed a difference in both groups, in which recurrent group patients were mostly (74.2%) in the high histopathological grade while 51.6% of samples in non-recurrent group were categorized as moderate histopathological grade. Complete histopathological margins were found in both recurrent and non-recurrent groups for 54.8% and 87.1% respectively. There is a correlation between histopathologic grading, lymphovascular invasion, and incision margin with the recurrence of a locally advanced stage breast cancer. It can be concluded that some histopathological aspects can be used as a predictor of recurrence in locally advanced breast cancer.
Building sustainability index for Dubai electricity and water authority
Authors: Subramanian Iyer Shankar , Seetharaman A , Maddulety K
Published: July 2024

The "Building Sustainability Index for Dubai Electricity and Water Authority" study aims to develop a comprehensive sustainability index specifically tailored for the Dubai Electricity and Water Authority (DEWA). The index will serve as a tool to assess and measure the sustainability performance of DEWA's buildings, promoting a more sustainable approach to energy and water consumption. The study begins by conducting a thorough review of existing sustainability frameworks and indices to identify relevant indicators and best practices. By considering the unique context of DEWA, the index will be customized to align with the organization's goals, strategies, and operational practices. To develop the index, an interdisciplinary approach will be adopted, involving experts in the fields of sustainable building design, energy efficiency, water management, and environmental impact assessment. The index will encompass various dimensions of sustainability, including energy efficiency, water conservation, waste management, indoor environmental quality, and overall environmental impact. Key performance indicators will be established to quantify and evaluate the sustainability performance of DEWA's buildings. These indicators will be based on measurable data related to energy and water consumption, waste generation, and environmental emissions. The index will provide a systematic framework for tracking progress, identifying areas for improvement, and setting sustainability targets for DEWA's building portfolio. Furthermore, the study will address the importance of stakeholder engagement and create mechanisms for knowledge sharing and collaboration within DEWA. This will ensure that sustainability goals are integrated into the organization's culture and practices, fostering a sense of ownership and responsibility among employees. The outcomes of this study will be valuable for DEWA in optimizing energy and water consumption, reducing environmental impact, and enhancing the overall sustainability of its buildings. The index will also contribute to the broader sustainability goals of Dubai, aligning with the city's vision of becoming a global leader in sustainable development. Overall, the "Building Sustainability Index for Dubai Electricity and Water Authority" study presents a significant opportunity for DEWA to embrace sustainability as a core principle, driving positive change in the organization's operations and contributing to a more sustainable future for Dubai.
Por una reinterpretación del concepto de potencia hegemónica desde la incidencia del conflicto internacional en la cultura política
Authors: Fernández García Eduardo
Published: July 2024

En pleno proceso de reconfiguración del poder entre la inviabilidad del dominio mundial y la imparable globalización se observan importantes y hasta abruptos cambios de lideraz- gos regionales con aspiración de hegemonía. El objetivo del artículo es señalar algunos ejes discursivos que están cambiando en el tiempo actual la noción de potencia, tanto conceptual como terminológicamente. La incidencia de dinámicas complejas que afectan simultánea- mente a las dimensiones política, económica y cultural aconseja un cambio metodológico de análisis, que afecta incluso al plano epistémico, sustentado en la plena interdisciplina- riedad. La principal conclusión es la primacía de un concepto diferente de potencia política en el escenario internacional, susceptible de aplicarse a las próximas transformaciones de la teoría política, las prácticas de gobierno y las notas de dependencia económica, polarización, volatilidad de las alianzas y atomización de los escenarios, con una creciente influencia de la hiperconectividad tecnológica y la vulnerabilidad del ciberespacio.
Poliposis adenomatosa familiar en dos hermanos. Reporte de casos
Authors: Rodríguez-Romero Laura Ximena , Gray-Carrillo Jessica Marie , Fierro-Ávila Fernando
Published: July 2024

Resumen
Introducción. La poliposis adenomatosa familiar (PAF) es una enfermedad autosómica dominante hereditaria causada por una mutación en el gen APC (adenomatous polyposis coli). Su sintomatología inicia de forma temprana y el riesgo de desarrollar cáncer colorrectal (adenocarcinoma) es casi del 100% si no se recibe tratamiento oportuno. Al ser una enfermedad infrecuente con alta morbimortalidad, es pertinente hacer estudios al respecto.
Presentación de los casos. Se presenta el caso de una PAF registrada en dos hermanos adolescentes que se manifestó con hemorragia digestiva. En ambos pacientes se realizó colectomía por laparoscopia y descenso endorrectal ileoanal más ileostomía y la evolución postoperatoria fue favorable y sin complicaciones. Los dos hermanos continuaron en controles ambulatorios por el servicio de cirugía pediátrica.
Conclusiones. La PAF es una enfermedad poco frecuente en población pediátrica. La colectomía es el tratamiento de elección, ya que con esta se controlan los síntomas y la morbimortalidad asociada. La evaluación genética es fundamental para hacer un adecuado acompañamiento en la toma de decisiones a corto, mediano y largo plazo en pacientes con esta enfermedad.