bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A national survey on the use of ultrasound as an educational tool to complement anatomy teaching at UK medical schools
Authors: Tandon Ansh , Moneim Joseph , Hector Lauren , Fletcher Peter , Moonga Ishpal , Fawcett Sarah , Taylor Helen , Brassett Cecilia
Published: September 2024

Our aim was to investigate the current use of ultrasound (US) in anatomy teaching across the UK, and to discover potential obstacles in its implementation in the undergraduate medical curriculum. An electronic survey consisting of 31 questions was distributed to anatomy course organizers at all 42 UK medical schools from June to October 2022. Both quantitative and qualitative data were obtained. Analysis of quantitative data was performed using frequency tables while responses to open‐ended questions were analyzed individually by authors, and themes were extracted for presentation. There was a 100% response rate, with 23 (55%) medical schools using US in anatomy teaching. Of these, 17 (74%) schools taught normal US anatomy only, while 6 (26%) included pathology. Only 3 (13%) schools delivered weekly sessions, while 3 (13%) schools delivered monthly sessions and 17 (74%) held less frequent sessions. Of the 17 schools with hands‐on sessions, these were delivered by radiologists in 6 schools, while sessions in other schools were facilitated by sonographers, other clinicians, students, and anatomy department staff. Students were able to operate US machines themselves in all 17 schools delivering hands‐on teaching. Limitations in resources and trained staff as well as time constraints were cited as barriers for the introduction of US in anatomy teaching. Our results indicate that only just over half of all UK medical schools use US in anatomy teaching. As US is increasingly used in screening and diagnosis by various clinicians, learning how to use US early in the medical course would be beneficial. Identifying the barriers to introducing US in the anatomical curriculum is the first step towards the successful development of an US teaching programme.
Inhibition of Key Virulence Enzymes of Botrytis cinerea by Flavonoids from the Antarctic Plant Colobanthus quitensis
Authors: Contreras Rodrigo A. , Pino Carla , Riveros Gabriela , Cortés Ximena , Cidral‐Christ Avanor , Zúñiga Gustavo E.
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the antifungal efficacy of flavonoids derived from Colobanthus quitensis against key virulence‐related enzymes implicated in the pathogenic mechanisms of Botrytis cinerea. The flavonoids swertiajaponin, schaftoside, vitexin, and saponarin significantly inhibited pectinase, cellulase, and laccase activity. Specifically, swertiajaponin showed mixed inhibition of pectinase and cellulase, characterized by high affinity (low inhibition constant ‐Ki−) for enzyme‐substrate complexes. Schaftoside showed mixed inhibition of pectinase and competitive inhibition of laccase, effectively reducing enzymatic activity by competing directly with the substrate. In contrast, vitexin showed competitive inhibition of pectinase and non‐competitive inhibition of laccase, suggesting it induces conformational changes within the enzyme. Finally, saponarin uniquely showed uncompetitive inhibition of laccase, stabilizing the enzyme‐substrate complex and thereby markedly reducing catalytic turnover. Supported by kinetic parameters (maximum velocity ‐Vmax‐, Michaelis constant ‐Km‐, and Ki), these findings highlight the potential of flavonoids from C. quitensis as natural fungicides, offering a sustainable and eco‐friendly alternative to synthetic fungicides for managing agricultural diseases.
Recent Advances in Urea Electrocatalysis: Applications, Materials and Mechanisms†
Authors: Zhang Chu , Chen Shijie , Guo Liwei , Li Zeyu , Yan Chunshuang , Lv Chade
Published: September 2024

Comprehensive Summary

Urea plays a vital role in human society, which has various applications in organic synthesis, medicine, materials chemistry, and other fields. Conventional industrial urea production process is energy−intensive and environmentally damaging. Recently, electrosynthesis offers a greener alternative to efficient urea synthesis involving coupling CO2 and nitrogen sources at ambient conditions, which affords an achievable way for diminishing the energy consumption and CO2 emissions. Additionally, urea electrolysis, namely the electrocatalytic urea oxidation reaction (UOR), is another emerging approach very recently. When coupling with hydrogen evolution reaction, the UOR route potentially utilizes 93% less energy than water electrolysis. Although there have been many individual reviews discussing urea electrosynthesis and urea electrooxidation, there is a critical need for a comprehensive review on urea electrocatalysis. The review will serve as a valuable reference for the design of advanced electrocatalysts to enhance the electrochemical urea electrocatalysis performance. In the review, we present a thorough review on two aspects: the electrocatalytic urea synthesis and urea oxidation reaction. We summarize in turn the recently reported catalyst materials, multiple catalysis mechanisms and catalyst design principles for electrocatalytic urea synthesis and urea electrolysis. Finally, major challenges and opportunities are also proposed to inspire further development of urea electrocatalysis technology.

Key Scientists

For urea electrosynthesis, Furuya et al. firstly investigated the electrochemical coreduction of CO2 and NO3−/NO2− using gas‐diffusion electrodes in 1995. Then, Wang et al. effectively achieved C—N bond formation and urea synthesis on PdCu alloy nanoparticles in 2020. Shortly, Yan and Yu et al. proposed the formation of *CO2NO2 from *NO2 and *CO2 intermediates at early stage on In(OH)3 electrocatalyst in 2021, and employed defect engineering strategy to facilitate the *CO2NH2 protonation in 2022. Amal et al. Investigated the role that Cu‐N‐C coordination plays for both the CO2RR and NO3RR. After that, Zhang's group developed In‐based electrocatalysts with artificial frustrated Lewis pairs for urea, and they offered a systematic screening approach for catalyst design in urea electrosynthesis in 2023. And sargent et al. reported a strategy that increased selectivity to urea using a hybrid catalyst.

For urea electrooxidation, Stevenson et al. investigated the effect of Sr substitution toward the urea oxidation reaction. Wang et al. provided insights into the urea electrooxidation process using a β‐Ni(OH)2 electrode and Qiao et al. elucidated a two‐stage reaction pathway for UOR in 2021.
Postdischarge Mortality in a Cohort Hospitalized With Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Patten Scott B. , Dimitropoulos Gina , Hews‐Girard Julia , Austin Amelia , Sharifi Vandad , Williams Jeanne , Bahji Anees , Bulloch Andrew
Published: September 2024

Objective

To characterize mortality after hospital discharge in cohorts with and without anorexia nervosa (AN).

Methods

We obtained data for all hospitalizations for psychiatric reasons in Canada (except Quebec) between April 1, 2006, and March 31, 2021 (n = 1.3 million admissions). Cases of AN were identified using ICD‐10 (F50.0 and F50.1) codes. First admissions during this interval for AN and other psychiatric conditions were linked to vital statistics data. Mortality was characterized through cross‐tabulation, Cox proportional hazards models, and competing cause regression.

Results

After adjustment for age and sex, there was no significant difference in mortality between AN and those with other psychiatric conditions (HR = 1.04; p = 0.644). Among AN admissions, 25% (95% CI 18.6–31.4) of deaths were attributed to psychiatric conditions (ICD‐F codes), with 88% of these (comprising 22% of all deaths in the AN group) having AN itself identified as the underlying cause of death. In contrast, only 8% of deaths among non‐AN admissions were attributed to a mental disorder.

Discussion

Prevention of premature mortality in the general psychiatric population emphasizes modification of metabolic (e.g., hyperlipidemia) and lifestyle‐related (e.g., sedentary behavior) risk factors. However, as AN itself makes a major contribution to mortality, specialized preventive strategies may be required.
Barriers and facilitators to implementation of intravenous cardiovascular treatments in ambulatory settings
Authors: Jalloh Mohamed B. , Osoro Ian , Januzzi James L. , Shaunik Alka , Bahit M. Cecilia , Korjian Serge , Gibson C. Michael , Van Spall Harriette G.C.
Published: September 2024

Aims

Intravenous (IV) therapies have transformed the management of various cardiovascular conditions in ambulatory patients. However, uptake of these therapies in ambulatory care settings has several barriers. In this systematic scoping review, we aimed to identify the barriers and facilitators that influence the implementation of current IV therapies in ambulatory settings.

Methods

We searched MEDLINE, Embase and CINAHL databases from inception to September 2023 for studies on barriers and facilitators of IV therapy uptake in ambulatory patients. We classified the identified factors and performed a thematic analysis.

Results

Fifteen studies, primarily conducted in North America and Europe, were included. Methodologies varied, precluding quantitative synthesis. Key barriers were identified across several levels. At the medication level, barriers included the need for multiple vials and lengthy preparation. Patient‐level barriers included adverse effects, infections, painful venous access and non‐adherence. Clinician‐level barriers included understaffing, time constraints and safety concerns. Institutional barriers ranged from staff or equipment shortages to liability concerns and complex logistics. Healthcare system barriers included financial constraints and limited care delivery services. Facilitators included evidence‐based indications, patient education and comfort, staff experience, guidance documents, safe settings, favourable insurance policies and supportive guidelines.

Conclusions

As novel IV treatments emerge, addressing barriers and leveraging facilitators preemptively can enhance the successful implementation of IV therapies and improve clinical outcomes in ambulatory settings.
Tuning of the Electronic Structure and Reactivity of Metal Complexes with Redox‐Active Guanidine Ligands
Authors: Holzmann Simone L. , Osterbrink Johanna , Hübner Olaf , Schulz Maximilian , Poddelskii Andrei , Kaifer Elisabeth , Himmel Hans‐Jörg
Published: September 2024

Redox‐active ligands change more drastically the electronic structure of metal complexes than non‐redox‐active ligands, with consequences on the magnetic and optical properties as well as the (redox) reactivity. In this work, redox‐active guanidine ligands are integrated in cobalt and copper complexes. The variations in the electronic structures of cobalt complexes, in particular the relative energies of the states corresponding to high‐spin CoII or low‐spin CoIII, in dependence of the redox‐active o‐diguanidine ligand manifest themselves in different magnetic properties. Moreover, the electron transfer rates for copper complexes with two redox‐active diguanidino‐benzene ligands (self‐exchange betweeen a monocationic CuI complex and the corresponding dicationic complex) were varied systematically over two orders of magnitude by choice of the redox‐active diguanidine ligand, realizing redox pairs with intermediate or record‐high rates.
Mechanochemical Organocatalysis: Simple Chiral Primary Diamine‐TfOH‐catalysed Asymmetric Aldol and Robinson Annulation Reactions
Authors: Yao Qiuxia , Li Hongyan , Yu Huiting , Wang Jiangman , Zhang Hua , Hu Xiaoyun
Published: September 2024

Mechanochemical organocatalysis, which integrates mechanochemistry and organocatalysis to provide a metal‐and solvent‐free synthetic method for synthesizing chiral products, has garnered significant interest recently due to its importance in green chemistry. In this study, simple, unmodified commercially available chiral primary diamines with TfOH were employed as catalysts in mechanochemical direct asymmetric aldol and Robinson annulation reactions. This protocol demonstrated high efficiency, atom economy and high stereoselectivity. Notably, direct asymmetric aldol reactions involving unreactive aromatic methyl ketones, which still is a challenge for mechanochemical organocatalysis, proceeded smoothly. Additionally, chiral 3,5‐diaryl‐cyclohexenones were efficiently synthesized using this mechanochemical asymmetric catalytic protocol and afforded high‐to‐excellent enantioselectivities. These findings highlight the potential of mechanochemical organocatalysis for asymmetric catalysis.
Closed‐form optimal solution of two‐degree‐of‐freedom system with Inerter based on equal modal damping with potential application in non‐structural elevator for seismic control
Authors: Wang Meng , Chen Jia‐Lin , Sun Fei‐Fei , Nagarajaiah Satish , Du Xiu‐Li
Published: September 2024

Targeting the great demand for adding non‐structural elevators to old residential buildings, this article proposes an updated configuration of tuned mass damper inerter (U‐TMDI) applied in external non‐structural elevators. An analog 2‐DOF system is established to describe the residential building controlled by an inerter elevator. Then, three closed‐form optimal solutions for designing the U‐TMDI are derived via the fixed‐point method, equal modal damping criterion, and the infinity damping assumption. Subsequently, these optimal solutions are compared and discussed involving the expressions of tuning frequency ratio and the optimal damping parameters, root locus diagram and supplemental damping ratios, transfer function, and robustness to frequency variation, respectively. Finally, a residential building example is adopted to validate the feasibility of the proposed retrofitting strategy and the closed‐form optimal design solutions. It is demonstrated that the optimal tuning frequency ratios derived by the fixed‐point method and equal modal damping criterion are different for U‐TMDI due to the influence of elevator stiffness ratio , while its degradation forms for tuned mass damper (TMD) are identical, recognizing the importance of the elevator stiffness. Moreover, the proposed retrofitting strategy of using an inerter elevator can significantly mitigate the main structure displacement by about 18%∼23% for both far‐field and near‐fault earthquakes.
Prevalence and Reclassification of Genetic Variants in South African Populations with Breast Cancer
Authors: Osler Tabitha S. , Brandenburg Jean‐Tristan , Schoeman Mardelle , Chen Wenlong Carl , Urban Michael F. , Mathew Christopher G.
Published: September 2024

Concurrent testing of numerous genes for hereditary breast cancer (BC) is available but can result in management difficulties. We evaluated use of an expanded BC gene panel in women of diverse South African ancestries and assessed use of African genomic data to reclassify variants of uncertain significance (VUS). A total of 331 women of White, Black African, or Mixed Ancestry with BC had a 9‐gene panel test, with an additional 75 genes tested in those without a pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) variant. The proportion of VUS reclassified using ClinGen gene‐specific allele frequency (AF) thresholds or an AF > 0.001 in nonguidelines genes in African genomic data was determined. The 9‐gene panel identified 58 P/LP variants, but only two of the P/LP variants detected using the 75‐gene panel were in confirmed BC genes, resulting in a total of 60 (18.1%) in all participants. P/LP variant prevalence was similar across ancestry groups, but VUS prevalence was higher in Black African and Mixed Ancestry than in White participants. In total, 611 VUS were detected, representing 324 distinct variants. 10.8% (9/83) of VUS met ClinGen AF thresholds in genomic data while 10.8% (26/240) in nonguideline genes had an AF > 0.001. Overall, 27.0% of VUS occurrences could potentially be reclassified using African genomic data. Thus, expanding the gene panel yielded few clinically actionable variants but many VUS, particularly in participants of Black African and Mixed Ancestry. However, use of African genomic data has the potential to reclassify a significant proportion of VUS.
A basin‐wide carbon‐related proxy dataset in arid China
Authors: Li Yu , Xue Yaxin , Gao Mingjun , Zhang Zhansen , Peng Simin , Duan Junjie
Published: September 2024

Closed basin accounts for about one‐fifth of the global land area and is an important part of the global terrestrial carbon cycle. Due to its relatively close geographical environment and independent carbon cycling system, it is an ideal place to study regional carbon cycling. Here we present a carbon‐related proxy dataset for the Shiyang River Basin in the eastern part of the Hexi Corridor. The dataset collected carbon‐related indicator data for 997 sediment samples from 14 profiles, 92 surface sediment samples and 25 groundwater samples. It includes total nitrogen (TN), total organic carbon (TOC), inorganic carbon (IC), carbon‐nitrogen ratio (C/N), organic carbon isotopes (δ13Corg), carbonate carbon isotopes (δ13Ccarb), oxygen isotopes (δ18O) and other proxy indicator data, as well as profile and groundwater age data. These data will play an important role in studying organic carbon sinks, inorganic carbon sinks, carbon cycling processes and environmental changes in the closed basin. This dataset can be downloaded from https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10252702.
Laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy with concurrent hysterectomy or uterine preservation: A metanalysis and systematic review
Authors: Tius Veronica , Arcieri Martina , Taliento Cristina , Pellecchia Giulia , Capobianco Giampiero , Simoncini Tommaso , Panico Giovanni , Caramazza Daniela , Campagna Giuseppe , Driul Lorenza , Scambia Giovanni , Ercoli Alfredo , Restaino Stefano , Vizzielli Giuseppe
Published: September 2024

Background

Literature is lacking strong evidence about comparisons of efficacy and quality of life‐related outcomes between laparoscopic total and/or supracervical hysterectomy (LTH/LSCH) with laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy (LSC) and minimally invasive sacrohysteropexy (LSH).

Objective

To summarize and compare available data on this topic providing a useful clinical tool in the treatment decision process.

Search Strategy

We performed a systematic research of PubMed (MEDLINE), Web of Science, and Gooogle Scholar.

Selection Criteria

We included studies that compared at least one efficacy outcome (objective or subjective outcome) between LTH/LSCH with LSC and LSH. Data on surgery‐related morbidities were also extracted where available.

Data Collection and Analysis

A random‐effect meta‐analysis was conducted reporting pooled mean differences and odds ratios (OR) between groups using Review Manager V.7.9.0.

Main Results

We included a total of nine observational studies. LTH/LSCH with LSH was associated with a significantly higher objective success (apical compartment OR 7.95; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.23–28.33; I2 = 0%; P = 0.001; anterior compartment OR 2.23; 95% CI 1.26–4.30; I2 = 12%; P = 0.007) and subjective success (OR 3.19; 95% CI 1.42–7.17; I2 = 39%; P = 0.005). No differences were found regarding intraoperative and postoperative complications, sexual dysfunction, and stress urinary incontinence rate after surgery. Hysteropexy showed shorter operative time and shorter hospital length with a pool mean difference of 27.37 min (95% CI 18.04–32.71; I2 = 0%; P < 0.001) and 0.7 days (95% CI 0.24–1.17; I2 = 75%; P = 0.003), respectively. Concurrent hysterectomy was not associated with a higher rate of mesh‐related complications (P = 0.53). No major differences were found regarding recurrence and reoperation rate (P = 0.10 and P = 0.93, respectively).

Conclusions

LTH/LSCH with LSC has better objective and subjective outcomes in pelvic organ prolapse surgery than LSH alone, especially for apical and anterior compartments, and is not associated with higher postoperative sexual dysfunction and mesh‐related complications. Adequate preoperative counseling is highly recommended in patients who desire uterine preservation.

PROSPERO Registration Number

CRD42024537270.
Fungibility, accessibility and clinical utility of remote electronic fetal monitoring in improving maternal emotional status compared with traditional method: A multicenter prospective cohort analysis
Authors: Pan Yu , Chen Zi , Chen Lujiao , Ning Lingli , Wan Huimin , Chen Ting , Zhang Haihong , Jiang Ying , Luo Qiong
Published: September 2024

Objective

Supported by remote signal processing techniques and wireless communication technology, remote electronic fetal monitoring (REFM) has emerged as a promising alternative to traditional electronic fetal monitoring (TEFM) in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the comparability, accessibility, and clinical utility of REFM in contrast to TEFM.

Methods

This was a multicenter prospective cohort study. A cohort of 2900 pregnant women were enrolled from three medical centers between June 1, 2021 and June 31, 2022. Among them, 800 utilized REFM, with 760 of them completing the self‐rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self‐rating depression scale (SDS) assessments using the devices for 1 month. The control group comprised 2100 pregnant women who did not use REFM. Additionally, 80 pregnant women concurrently employed both REFM and TEFM, and their respective curve coincidence rates were determined through curve fitting. Primary outcomes encompassed pregnancy outcomes in both groups, average curve coincidence rates between REFM and TEFM, as well as SDS and SAS scores.

Results

Among the 760 pregnant women who completed SAS and SDS assessments, their average SAS scores before and after 1 month of REFM usage were 43.09 ± 8.04 and 41.58 ± 6.59, respectively. Concurrently, the average SDS scores before and after 1 month of REFM usage were 45.45 ± 9.60 and 44.80 ± 9.17, respectively. A statistically significant decrease was observed in SAS scores (P = 0.005), whereas no significant difference was noted in SDS scores (P = 0.340). Furthermore, a statistically significant difference in the rate of adverse pregnancy outcomes (neonatal asphyxia) emerged between the two groups, those who employed REFM and those who did not (P = 0.021). In the subset of 80 pregnant women employing both REFM and TEFM, all 80 results showed precise congruence between the two methods. The average coincidence rate was determined to be 79.45% ± 12.64%.

Conclusion

REFM contributes to improved pregnancy outcomes and exhibits a high level of concordance with TEFM, thereby accurately reflecting the quality of fetal heart monitoring. Additionally, REFM effectively mitigates pregnant women's anxiety. Thus, REFM demonstrates comparability, accessibility, and clinical utility.
The role of ubiquitination in health and disease
Authors: Liao Yan , Zhang Wangzheqi , Liu Yang , Zhu Chenglong , Zou Zui
Published: September 2024

Ubiquitination is an enzymatic process characterized by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin to target proteins, thereby modulating their degradation, transportation, and signal transduction. By precisely regulating protein quality and quantity, ubiquitination is essential for maintaining protein homeostasis, DNA repair, cell cycle regulation, and immune responses. Nevertheless, the diversity of ubiquitin enzymes and their extensive involvement in numerous biological processes contribute to the complexity and variety of diseases resulting from their dysregulation. The ubiquitination process relies on a sophisticated enzymatic system, ubiquitin domains, and ubiquitin receptors, which collectively impart versatility to the ubiquitination pathway. The widespread presence of ubiquitin highlights its potential to induce pathological conditions. Ubiquitinated proteins are predominantly degraded through the proteasomal system, which also plays a key role in regulating protein localization and transport, as well as involvement in inflammatory pathways. This review systematically delineates the roles of ubiquitination in maintaining protein homeostasis, DNA repair, genomic stability, cell cycle regulation, cellular proliferation, and immune and inflammatory responses. Furthermore, the mechanisms by which ubiquitination is implicated in various pathologies, alongside current modulators of ubiquitination are discussed. Enhancing our comprehension of ubiquitination aims to provide novel insights into diseases involving ubiquitination and to propose innovative therapeutic strategies for clinical conditions.
Underutilization of Injectable Parkinson's Disease Medication: An Analysis of Neurologist and Patient Perspectives
Authors: Solis Gianni , Patierno Jordan , Rossol Josh , Kumar Rajeev
Published: September 2024

Background

We hypothesized that many neurologists underestimate patients’ willingness to self‐administer injectable Parkinson's disease (PD) medication.

Objective

To evaluate patient and physician perceptions contributing to underutilization of PD medications for acute OFF episodes.

Analytic Method

Data were collected using an online survey including n = 4063 PD patients experiencing OFF episodes and n = 200 neurologists.

Results

89% of patients were willing to self‐inject rescue therapies to treat acute OFF episodes. After reviewing patient survey data, 54% of general neurologists and 37% of movement disorder specialist (MDS) demonstrated a change in perceptions about patients’ willingness to use self‐injected therapies (P < 0.05). 37% of general neurologists and 21% of MDS indicated a greater likelihood of prescribing these treatments (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Most patients suffering from OFF episodes would be willing to self‐inject to abort their symptoms. Neurologists underestimate this patient acceptance. Understanding patient attitudes and further education about rescue therapies is likely to increase use of these therapies.
Aggrescan4D: A comprehensive tool for pH‐dependent analysis and engineering of protein aggregation propensity
Authors: Zalewski Mateusz , Iglesias Valentin , Bárcenas Oriol , Ventura Salvador , Kmiecik Sebastian
Published: September 2024

Aggrescan4D (A4D) is an advanced computational tool designed for predicting protein aggregation, leveraging structural information and the influence of pH. Building upon its predecessor, Aggrescan3D (A3D), A4D has undergone numerous enhancements aimed at assisting the improvement of protein solubility. This manuscript reviews A4D's updated functionalities and explains the fundamental principles behind its pH‐dependent calculations. Additionally, it presents an antibody case study to evaluate its performance in comparison with other structure‐based predictors. Notably, A4D integrates advanced protein engineering protocols with pH‐dependent calculations, enhancing its utility in advising solubility‐enhancing mutations. A4D considers the impact of structural flexibility on aggregation propensities, and includes a large set of precalculated predictions. These capabilities should help to open new avenues for both understanding and managing protein aggregation. A4D is accessible through a dedicated web server at https://biocomp.chem.uw.edu.pl/a4d/.
Honey Phytochemicals: Bioactive Agents With Therapeutic Potential for Dermatological Disorders
Authors: McLoone Pauline , Oladejo Toheeb Olalekan , Kassym Laura , McDougall Gordon J.
Published: September 2024

Honey has been reported to have a range of biological activities including antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and wound healing effects. Indeed, medical‐grade honey is currently used in hospitals for the clinical management of wound infections. Honey is also of scientific interest for its therapeutic effects on other dermatological disorders such as atopic dermatitis, rosacea, and skin cancer. Recent studies have uncovered that honey contains a range of phytochemicals including flavonoids, dicarboxylic acids, coumarins, and phenolic acids. In this review, PubMed was used to search the scientific literature on the biological properties of honey phytochemicals in relation to dermatological disorders and to evaluate their potential as bioactive agents, drugs, or cosmeceuticals for the treatment of skin disease. The review revealed that phytochemicals found in honey have antimicrobial, anti‐inflammatory, antiaging, antioxidant, anticancer, depigmenting, photoprotective, wound healing, and skin barrier enhancing properties. Although further high‐quality studies are required to establish clinical efficacy, these findings suggest that honey phytochemicals may have the potential to be used as bioactive agents for the management of a range of dermatological disorders including wounds, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, vitiligo, rosacea, and skin cancer.
S@FeS2 Core–Shell Cathode Nanomaterial for Preventing Polysulfides Shuttling and Forming Solid Electrolyte Interphase in High‐Rate Li–S Batteries
Authors: Kang Dong Guk , Azimov Farkhod , Seo Dahye , Park Garyeong , Oh Min‐Geun , Lee Hyeon Gyu , Lee Young Joo , Jung Hyun Min , Song Seung‐Wan
Published: September 2024

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) battery is a potential next‐generation energy storage technology over lithium‐ion batteries for high capacity, cost‐effective, and environmentally friendly solutions. However, several issues including polysulfides shuttle, low conductivity and limited rate‐capability have hampered its practical application. Herein, a new class of cathode active material with perfect core–shell structure is reported, in which sulfur is fully encapsulated by conductivity‐enhancing FeS2 (named as S@FeS2), for high‐rate application. Surface‐stabilized S@FeS2 cathode exhibits a stable cycling performance under 2 – 20 times higher rates (1–2 C, charged in 30–60 min) than standard rates (e.g., 0.1–0.5 C, charged in 2–10 h), without polysulfides shuttle event. Surface analysis results reveal the unprecedented formation of a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer on S@FeS2 cathode, which is distinguished from other sulfur‐based cathodes that are not able to form the SEI layer. The data suggest that the prevention of polysulfides shuttling is owing to the surface protection effect of FeS2 shell and the SEI layer formation overlying core–shell S@FeS2. This unique and potential material concept proposed in the present study will give insight into designing a prospective fast charging Li–S battery.
Biology‐Based Synthesis of Nickel Single Atoms on the Surface of Geobacter sulfurreducens as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for Alkaline Water Electrolysis
Authors: Jimenez‐Sandoval Rodrigo , Katuri Krishna P. , Annadata Harshini V. , Nayak Chandrani , Wehbe Nimer , Melinte Georgian , Saikaly Pascal E.
Published: September 2024

Single‐atom metal catalysts are promising electrocatalysts for water electrolysis. Nickel‐based electrocatalysts have shown attractive application prospects for water electrolysis. However, synthesizing stable Ni single atoms using chemical and physical approaches remains a practical challenge. Here, a facile and precise method for synthesizing stable nickel single atoms on the surface of Geobacter sulfurreducens using a microbial‐mediated extracellular electron transfer (EET) process is demonstrated. It is shown that G. sulfurreducens can effectively anchor nickel single atoms on their surface. X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure and Fourier‐transformed extended X‐ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy confirm that the nickel single atom is coordinated to nitrogen in the cytochromes. The as‐synthesized nickel single atoms on G. sulfurreducens exhibit excellent bifunctional catalytic properties for alkaline water electrolysis with low overpotential (η) to achieve current density (10 mA cm−2) for both hydrogen evolution reactions (η = 80 mV) and oxygen evolution reaction (η = 330 mV) with minimal catalyst loading of 0.0015 mg Ni cm−2. The nickel single‐atom catalyst shows long‐term stability at a constant electrode potential. This synthesis method based on the EET capability of electroactive bacteria provides a simple and scalable approach for producing low‐cost and highly efficient nonnoble transition metal single‐atom catalysts for practical applications.
Software Reliability Prediction by Adaptive Gated Recurrent Unit‐Based Encoder‐Decoder Model With Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition
Authors: Yang Minghao , Yang Shunkun , Bian Chong
Published: September 2024

Accurate software reliability prediction is significant to software quality assurance. However, the rapid development and evolution of modern software pose more challenges for accurate software quality assessment. With the rapid development of machine learning and intelligent algorithms, data‐driven nonparametric models have gradually attracted increasing attention with outstanding prediction performance. However, we found that there may exist some prediction lags caused by the autocorrelation and nonstationarity of software fault data in the prediction of nonparametric models affecting their performance. To address this problem, we proposed an adaptive gated recurrent unit‐based encoder‐decoder model (ED‐GRU) with ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD), effectively reducing prediction lags and performing accurate software fault number prediction. The autocorrelation and nonstationarity of fault data are first reduced by using first‐order difference and EEMD to clearly characterize the changing trend of the data. The frequency‐specific ED‐GRU networks are then combined to adaptively learn the nonlinear fluctuation trend of fault data under different frequency scales and obtain accurate prediction final results after aggregation. Experiments on eight public datasets showed that the proposed EEMD‐ED‐GRU‐PF model could effectively reduce the prediction lags and achieve the best prediction performance compared with four nonparametric and five parametric baseline methods in all datasets. Therefore, the proposed method can effectively and stably reduce the prediction lag to significantly improve the prediction accuracy. In this way, developers can accurately evaluate the current quality of the software and provide valuable guidance for software development and maintenance.
Dustings of Paradata as Pedagogical Support at Four Archaeological Field-School Sites
Authors: Buchanan Sarah A. , Huntsman Theresa
Published: September 2024

Archaeological fieldwork requires systematic approaches to recording and archiving a variety of data, from information about contexts and artifacts to methodologies that can vary from season to season. Drawing together retrospective analyses of data-making efforts in four student-engaged archaeological projects—the Archaeological Exploration of Sardis, American Excavations at Morgantina: Contrada Agnese Project, Poggio Civitate Archaeological Project, and Venus Pompeiana Project—this chapter focuses on the paradata work practiced by on-site data archivists. Paradata are the human processes that generate data. Field schools and the archaeological research they produce benefit from a “dusting,” i.e., analytical narration of the processes, proactively led by data archivists in context and collaboration with team members. Paradata make explicit the pedagogical goals at the heart of each project while simultaneously supporting the contextual integrity of future archaeological research.
The Development of the Uses of the Word dengan from Indonesian Newspaper Period 1910–2010
Authors: Sanarta Gita Ayodhiya , Rovita Dien
Published: September 2024

As a word, dengan will always develop as long as it is used by its speakers. The aim of this study is to explain the development of the uses of the word dengan in bahasa Indonesia based on its function as a conjunction or a preposition in a clause from the year 1910 to 2010. The data sources used in this chapter are Indonesian newspapers from the year 1910 to 2010. The methodology used in this chapter is mixed research of quantitative and qualitative approaches. The quantitative approach is used to see the frequency of the uses of dengan. On the other hand, the qualitative approach is used to classify the word dengan into conjunction or preposition; to determine the meaning of the preposition dengan, and to determine the collocation between the verb and the preposition dengan. As a result, (1) dengan as conjunction could function as a subordinate and coordinative conjunction, (2) dengan as a preposition has eleven meanings, (3) the use of the word dengan between 1910 and 2010 as conjunction has been decreasing while the use as a preposition has been increasing, (4) dengan as a preposition could only collocate with certain verbs.
Analysis of the Indonesian Cultural Elements in Secondary School English Textbooks Published by KEMENDIKBUD
Authors: Perangin-angin Alemina Br. , Sumbayak Desri Maria , Desma Lara , Patimah Siti , Tamala Indah Putri
Published: September 2024

Culture is a vital aspect of human development, and education should incorporate local cultural content in textbooks, such as secondary school English textbooks. Teachers play a crucial role in character-building learning and should incorporate multicultural education and value education in history learning. This study aims to identify cultural elements in English textbooks from the KEMENDIKBUD (Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology) for secondary school 7–9th grade. The research uses a descriptive qualitative method, focusing on text and images containing cultural elements. The analysis reveals four elements of local culture in the textbook: the existence of social organizations in nuclear families and communities, a system of living equipment and technology in images of daggers, food, clothing, and bags, art in the form of angklung as a musical tool and “Tangkuban Perahu” narrative as a folklore, and a religious system in images using Muslim culture. These components suggest that the KEMENDIKBUD English textbooks for secondary school students reflect aspects of Indonesian culture.
End of the world brane networks for infinite distance limits in CY moduli space
Authors: Angius Roberta
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Dynamical Cobordism provides a powerful method to probe infinite distance limits in moduli/field spaces parameterized by scalars constrained by generic potentials, employing configurations of codimension-1 end of the world (ETW) branes. These branes, characterized in terms of critical exponents, mark codimension-1 boundaries in the spacetime in correspondence of finite spacetime distance singularities at which the scalars diverge. Using these tools, we explore the network of infinite distance singularities in the complex structure moduli space of Calabi-Yau fourfolds compactifications in M-theory with a four-form flux turned on, which is described in terms of normal intersecting divisors classified by asymptotic Hodge theory. We provide spacetime realizations for these loci in terms of networks of intersecting codimension-1 ETW branes classified by specific critical exponents which encapsulate the relevant information of the asymptotic Hodge structure characterizing the corresponding divisors.
Fazekas scale magnetic resonance imaging assessment in Alzheimer’s disease and primary age-related tauopathy
Authors: Quintas-Neves Miguel , Almeida Francisco C. , Gauthreaux Kathryn , Teylan Merilee A. , Mock Charles N. , Kukull Walter A. , Crary John F. , Oliveira Tiago Gil
Published: September 2024

Background

Brain vascular pathology is an important comorbidity in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), with white matter damage independently predicting cognitive impairment. However, it is still unknown how vascular pathology differentially impacts primary age-related tauopathy (PART) compared to AD. Therefore, our objectives were to compare the brain microangiopathic burden in patients with PART and AD, evaluated by MRI, while assessing its relation with neuropathological findings, patterns of brain atrophy and degree of clinical impairment.

Methods

Clinical information, brain MRI (T1 and T2-FLAIR) and neuropathological data were obtained from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Centre ongoing study, with a total sample of 167 patients identified, that were divided according to the presence of neuritic plaques in Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s disease (CERAD) 0 to 3. Microangiopathic burden and brain atrophy were evaluated by two certified neuroradiologists, using, respectively, the Fazekas score and previously validated visual rating scales to assess brain regional atrophy.

Results

Significant correlations were found between the Fazekas score and atrophy in the fronto-insular and medial temporal regions on both groups, with PART showing overall stronger positive correlations than in AD, especially in the fronto-insular region. For this specific cohort, no significant correlations were found between the Fazekas score and the degree of clinical impairment.

Conclusion

Our results show that PART presents different pathological consequences at the brain microvascular level compared with AD and further supports PART as an independent pathological entity from AD.
A Framework for Estimating Economic Impacts of Ecological Restoration
Authors: Thomas Catherine Cullinane , Huber Christopher , Skrabis Kristin E. , Hoelzle Timothy B.
Published: September 2024

Ecological restoration projects are designed to improve natural and cultural resources. Spending on restoration also stimulates economic impacts to the restoration economy through the creation or support of jobs and business activity. This paper presents accessible methods for quantifying the economic impacts supported by restoration spending and is written to be a guide and toolbox for an interdisciplinary audience of restoration practitioners and economists. Measuring the economic impacts of restoration can be challenging due to lacking or limited data. The complex, collaborative, and heterogeneous nature of restoration projects can make it difficult to clearly track costs, contributing to limited availability and inconsistency in restoration cost data. And business classification systems, such as the North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS), do not include restoration-sectors that consistently describe the patterns of restoration spending. The aims of this paper are to (1) provide restoration practitioners and program managers with a clear understanding of the application of economic impact analyses to restoration, (2) provide a framework for collecting project cost data for economic impact analyses, and (3) provide modeling best practices and an example application of the framework.
Posterior approaches to the acetabulum
Authors: Staresinic Mario , Lindtner Richard A. , Krappinger Dietmar , Gänsslen Axel
Published: September 2024

Posterior approaches, particularly the Kocher-Langenbeck approach, remain the workhorses in the treatment of acetabular fractures. Various modifications have been developed, each offering specific advantages depending on surgical requirements. The modified Gibson approach, for example, is suggested to provide enhanced visualization of the superior acetabulum, although recent cadaveric studies have not consistently substantiated this benefit. The Ganz approach, which involves bigastric trochanteric osteotomy with safe surgical hip dislocation, is particularly advantageous for managing complex and comminuted posterior acetabular fractures, as it enables a 360° view of the acetabulum and femoral head. Overall, posterior approaches are associated with low rates of complications, with heterotopic ossification being the most prevalent. The choice of surgical approach and patient positioning should be guided by the surgeon’s preference and expertise, tailored to the specific fracture pattern and patient characteristics.
Left versus right carotid artery IMT: differential impact of age, gender, and cardiovascular risk factors
Authors: Stevens Belinda , Abdool-Carrim Talib , Woodiwiss Angela J.
Published: September 2024

Carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT), an important clinical marker of atherosclerosis, is used widely in screening for cardiovascular risk and prognosis. Measurements of carotid artery IMT are made on both the left and right sides of the body, however as per the Mannheim consensus, an average of these measurements is usually reported. Nevertheless, there is considerable debate whether there are side differences in the carotid artery IMT in terms of both measurements and determinants. In a large sample of Caucasian patients (n = 1888) referred for cardiovascular risk assessment, we compared the left and the right common carotid artery IMT measurements, and assessed whether age, gender and cardiovascular risk factors have differential effects. We found that the left common carotid artery IMT (0.7141 ± 0.1733 mm) is larger than the right (0.6861 ± 0.1594, p < 0.0001), but not in the young (< 30 years) or the elderly (> 69 years), and that this side difference is less in women (0.019 ± 0.116 mm) than in men (0.036 ± 0.148 mm, p < 0.001). In addition to age (p < 0.0001) and gender (p < 0.0001), the left common carotid artery IMT was determined by dyslipidaemia (protective, p = 0.016) and diabetes mellitus (p = 0.022); whereas the right common carotid artery IMT was determined by hypertension (p = 0.0002). The differential determinants of left versus right common carotid artery IMT were similar in men and women, and in young and old. In conclusion, side differences in measurements of the common carotid artery IMT depend upon age and gender. In addition, cardiovascular risk factors have differential effects on the left and right common carotid artery IMT.
Cash Flow Forecasting for Self-employed Workers: Fuzzy Inference Systems or Parametric Models?
Authors: Palomero Luis , García Vicente , Sánchez J. Salvador
Published: September 2024

Cash flow forecasting is an important task for any organization, but it becomes crucial for self-employed workers. In this paper, we model the cash flow of three real self-employed workers as a time series problem and compare the performance of conventional parametric methods against two types of fuzzy inference systems in terms of both prediction error and processing time. Our evaluation demonstrates that there is no winning model, but that each forecasting method’s performance depends on the characteristics of the cash flow data. However, experimental results suggest that parametric methods and Mamdani-type fuzzy inference systems outperform Takagi–Sugeno–Kang-type systems.
Effects of an antioxidant-rich extract from the brown macroalga Alaria esculenta on the shelf-life of Atlantic salmon fillets
Authors: Rautenberger Ralf , Dey Mithun , Palihawadana Anjana Mahesh , Kiron Viswanath
Published: September 2024

The brown marine macroalga Alaria esculenta contains phlorotannins as polyphenolic compounds in its cell walls. This study aimed to understand their antioxidant effects on preserving the lipids in fillets of freshly-slaughtered farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). First, soluble phlorotannins were extracted from wild-grown population of A. esculenta in North Norway (Bodø) using solid/liquid extraction. A small-scale solid/liquid extraction (15 mg mL−1) with 70% acetone showed that 84% of total soluble phlorotannins (25.10 mg g−1 dry weight) were extracted after the first out of four extraction steps. In a large-scale extraction (3 mg 400 mL−1), the contents of soluble phlorotannins and the DPPH-based antioxidant capacities (measured as IC50) in 70% acetone- and water-based crude extracts were similar. Water is preferred extraction solvent for the following experiment because it complies with food safety standards, may minimise work procedures and is in accordance with the principles of Green Chemistry. Secondly, the antioxidant properties of the soluble phlorotannins were tested through incubating salmon fillets (Norwegian Quality Cuts) in water-based extracts. After six days of storage on ice, the peroxide value of Alaria-treated fillets was lower compared to the control (without Alaria-extract), while the p-anisidine and free fatty acid values remained unchanged. This indicates the phlorotannins’ inhibitory effect on the formation of primary rather than secondary lipid oxidation products. This study demonstrated that the antioxidant properties of the soluble phlorotannins extracted from A. esculenta using water can preserve the nutritional value of salmon fillets to extend the seafood’s shelf-life.