bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Homocystinuria Presenting as Ectopia Lentis and Thrombotic Manifestations in Two Siblings: A Case Series
Authors: Yadav Kusumlata , Mishra Arpita , Narayan Raghvendra , Singh Ashok , Agrawal Ritesh , Mishra Om Prakash
Published: November 2022

Homocystinuria (HCU) is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder due to a defect in cystathionine beta synthase activity which results in homocysteine accumulation in the body. We report a case series of two siblings,11-year-old girl and 3-year-old boy, studied retrospectively. They were born to a nonconsanguineous parents and diagnosed as a case of HCU based on the presence of ectopia lentis and development of cerebral venous thrombosis and infarction. Child who presented late with paresis had delayed developmental milestones with low intelligence quotient (IQ), while the second child diagnosed at a younger age had relatively normal IQ and cognitive development. Serious clinical sequelae such as life-threatening thromboembolic events at a young age and mental retardation can be prevented by early screening and prompt treatment of the patients detected to have HCU.
Militarizing politics of recognition through the Invictus Games: post-heroic exalting of the armed forces
Authors: West Brad
Published: November 2022

The Invictus Games is an international sporting competition involving military veterans who have become either wounded, injured or sick during their service. Having become a prominent event in the public sphere of participating nations that are drawn from Western security alliances, this article outlines results from a thematic analysis of Australian media surrounding the 2018 Sydney Games. While reporting of the Games included the use of cultural frames that reflect traditional symbolic relationships between sport and war, the data reveal new military–civilian discourses drawn from identity politics and focused on cultural recognition. These discourses emerge through the Invictus Games by (1) disability providing a cultural basis to demand greater respect for contemporary veterans and military service; and (2) empowerment narratives of rehabilitation being symbolically connected to participants’ reengagement with their former military identity. Institutional problems central to rising political activism amongst contemporary veterans did not feature in the media coverage. It is argued that the Invictus Games illustrates the need for sociology to conceive of militarization in more multidimensional ways, appreciating both the prominence of a civilian–military gap in contemporary culture and how various social actors in Defense utilize post-heroic narratives in seeking to redress this cultural divide.
Pushing the limits: Efficient wavefunction methods for excited states in complex systems using frozen-density embedding
Authors: Treß Robert S. , Liu Jing , Hättig Christof , Höfener Sebastian
Published: November 2022

Frozen density embedding (FDE) is an embedding method for complex environments that is simple for users to set up. It reduces the computation time by dividing the total system into small subsystems and approximating the interaction by a functional of their densities. Its combination with wavefunction methods is, however, limited to small- or medium-sized molecules because of the steep scaling in computation time of these methods. To mitigate this limitation, we present a combination of the FDE approach with pair natural orbitals (PNOs) in the TURBOMOLE software package. It combines the uncoupled FDE (FDEu) approach for excitation energy calculations with efficient implementations of second-order correlation methods in the ricc2 and pnoccsd programs. The performance of this combination is tested for tetraazaperopyrene (TAPP) molecular crystals. It is shown that the PNO truncation error on environment-induced shifts is significantly smaller than the shifts themselves and, thus, that the local approximations of PNO-based wavefunction methods can without the loss of relevant digits be combined with the FDE method. Computational wall times are presented for two TAPP systems. The scaling of the wall times is compared to conventional supermolecular calculations and demonstrates large computational savings for the combination of FDE- and PNO-based methods. Additionally, the behavior of excitation energies with the system size is investigated. It is found that the excitation energies converge quickly with the size of the embedding environment for the TAPPs investigated in the current study.
Logarithmic Schrödinger equations in infinite dimensions
Authors: Read Larry , Zegarliński Bogusław , Zhang Mengchun
Published: November 2022

We study the logarithmic Schrödinger equation with a finite range potential on RZd. Through a ground-state representation, we associate and construct a global Gibbs measure and show that it satisfies a logarithmic Sobolev inequality. We find estimates on the solutions in arbitrary dimension and prove the existence of weak solutions to the infinite-dimensional Cauchy problem.
Fracture behaviors of long-term low-dose-rate neutron-irradiated Al–Mg–Si alloy
Authors: Hu Ling , Wu Fengchao , Li Xuhai , Chai Haiwei , Huang Junyu , Feng Qijie , Zhou Wei , Yu Yuying , Hu Jianbo
Published: November 2022

Here, we report on fracture behaviors of Al–Mg–Si alloys (LT21 Al) decommissioned from a research reactor in service for 30 years. Microscopic characterizations show that the initial microstructures of the long-term low-dose-rate neutron-irradiated LT21 Al are dominated by a large number of micrometer-sized voids and second-phase particles, different from short-term high-dose-rate neutron-irradiated materials. Quasi-static tensile and shock spall experiments on the irradiated and unirradiated LT21 Al reveal considerable irradiation-induced softening (larger than 40%) in both the tensile and spall strength. We attribute the irradiation softening to the over-aging process promoted by irradiation enhanced diffusion during the long-term service. Postmortem characterizations on shock-recovered samples indicate that the long-term low-dose-rate neutron irradiation-induced microstructures (micrometer-sized voids and second-phase particles) facilitate nucleation and growth of the dynamic damage in irradiated materials, thus playing an important role in the change in facture behaviors.
Dimer states of Rydberg atoms on the Kagome lattice as resources for universal measurement-based quantum computation
Authors: Crépel Valentin
Published: November 2022

We show that the quantum dimer state on the Kagome lattice, which was recently realized with high fidelity in a Rydberg quantum simulator [G. Semeghini et al., Science 374, 6572 (2021)], offers a sufficient resource for universal measurement-based quantum computations. In particular, we provide an efficient encoding of logical qubits in this state and give explicit measurement sequences that implement a universal set of gates on these qubits. Since the building blocks of the proposed measurements have already been experimentally implemented, our work highlights one possible path toward promoting Rydberg simulators to universal quantum computers relying on the measurement-based model of quantum computation with currently existing technology.
Amorphous nickel cobalt oxides as highly efficient catalytic cathodes for rechargeable Li–O2 batteries
Authors: Lei Xin , Li Ruilong , Niu Shuwen , Liu Bo , Ahmadian Koudakan Payam , Zhu Zixuan , Fang Yanyan , Zhou Ya , Hong Xun , Qian Yitai , Wang Gongming
Published: November 2022

Although it is well acknowledged that regulating the adsorption behavior of oxygen-containing intermediates can prompt the reaction kinetics of lithium–oxygen batteries, its implementation still suffers from lacking a practical strategy. The amorphization strategy has great potential for custom-tuning surface engineering due to the induced atomic disorder possessing unique electronic structures and abundant defect sites. In this work, amorphous NiCo2O4 nanosheets (a-NiCo2O4 NSs) are reported for high-performance lithium–oxygen batteries by modulating the electron density around metal sites. The Li–O2 batteries with a-NiCo2O4 NSs deliver an overpotential as low as 0.74 V with an ultralong lifetime of over 1000 h. Theoretical calculations reveal that the enhanced binding energy of the LiO2 intermediate is stemmed from d-band center upshifting, mediated by atomic disordering, which consequently yields low oxygen evolution-reaction and oxygen-reduction-reaction overpotentials. More importantly, the amorphization strategy can be utilized as a general approach toward other materials, such as cobalt oxide and nickel oxide.
Increase of Néel temperature of magnetoelectric Cr2O3 thin film by epitaxial lattice matching
Authors: Wang Xinrui , Ujimoto Kakeru , Toyoki Kentaro , Nakatani Ryoichi , Shiratsuchi Yu
Published: November 2022

Increase in the Néel temperature (TN) of the 10-nm thick Cr2O3(0001) thin films by the lattice strain was experimentally investigated. TN was determined based on the zero-offset anomalous Hall measurements for the Pt/Cr2O3/Pt epitaxial trilayer. The lattice strain was altered by the Pt buffer layer thickness and was evaluated by the lattice parameters. TN was increased from 241.5 to 260.0 K by varying the Pt buffer layer thickness from 0 to 20 nm. For the film without the Pt buffer layer, the apparent critical exponent near TN increased suggesting the distribution of TN due to the inhomogeneous strain. The TN value was weakly correlated with the axial ratio c/a and the lattice volume of the Cr2O3 layer V; TN increases with decreasing c/a or increasing V. The increase in TN by the reduction in c/a (or by increasing V) implies that the exchange coupling between the nearest neighbor Cr3+ spins has the significant role in the strain effect.
Elimination of remnant phases in low-temperature growth of wurtzite ScAlN by molecular-beam epitaxy
Authors: Dzuba Brandon , Nguyen Trang , Sen Amrita , Diaz Rosa E. , Dubey Megha , Bachhav Mukesh , Wharry Janelle P. , Manfra Michael J. , Malis Oana
Published: November 2022

Growth of wurtzite ScxAl1−xN (x < 0.23) by plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy on c-plane GaN at high temperatures significantly alters the extracted lattice constants of the material due to defects likely associated with remnant phases. In contrast, ScAlN grown below a composition-dependent threshold temperature exhibits uniform alloy distribution, reduced defect density, and atomic-step surface morphology. The c-plane lattice constant of this low-temperature ScAlN varies with composition as expected from previous theoretical calculations and can be used to reliably estimate alloy composition. Moreover, lattice-matched Sc0.18Al0.82N/GaN multi-quantum wells grown under these conditions display strong and narrow near-infrared intersubband absorption lines that confirm advantageous optical and electronic properties.
On-demand generation of optically active defects in monolayer WS2 by a focused helium ion beam
Authors: Micevic A. , Pettinger N. , Hötger A. , Sigl L. , Florian M. , Taniguchi T. , Watanabe K. , Müller K. , Finley J. J. , Kastl C. , Holleitner A. W.
Published: November 2022

We demonstrate that optically active emitters can be locally generated by focusing a He-ion beam onto monolayer WS2 encapsulated in hBN. The emitters show a low-temperature photoluminescence spectrum, which is well described by an independent Boson model for localized emitters. Consistently, the photoluminescence intensity of the emitters saturates at low excitation intensities, which is distinct to the photoluminescence of excitonic transitions in the investigated WS2 monolayers. The demonstrated method allows us to position defect emitters in WS2 monolayers on demand. A statistical analysis suggests the generation yield of individual emitters to be as high as 11% at the highest investigated He-ion doses.
Design and evaluation of a light-field multi-wavelength pyrometer
Authors: Shi Shengxian , Sun Linlin , Luan Yinsen , Wang Rui , New T. H.
Published: November 2022

This letter describes the design and implementation of a multi-wavelength light-field pyrometer, where six-channel radiation images were captured with one CMOS sensor. Such capability is achieved by placing a 2 × 3 filter array in front of the main lens of an unfocused light-field camera, such that discrete wavelength and radiation intensity can be simultaneously recorded. It demonstrates that through black-body furnace experiments, how multi-channel radiation images can be extracted from one raw light-field multispectral image, and how accurate 2D temperature distribution can be recovered by optimization algorithms.
Modal characteristics of coupled vertical cavity surface emitting laser diode arrays
Authors: North William , Jahan Nusrat , Strzebonski Pawel , Choquette Kent D.
Published: November 2022

The modal characteristics of dual-element coupled vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) arrays are analyzed numerically and experimentally. A photonic crystal pattern etched into the top mirror optically defines the two elements of the array that are independently electrically biased. Using a two-dimensional complex waveguide analysis, we incorporate the effects of varying temperature and electron plasma-induced index suppression arising from asymmetric injection. The simulations are compared to experimental characterization of output power, lasing spectra, and far-field beam profile as a function of the two independent injection currents. Three distinct operating regimes are identified for the arrays: single independent local mode; a region of two modes that are primarily localized into a specific cavity; and a region of two supermodes whose fields extend across both elements. This analysis provides a physical intuition for the behavior of the dual-element coupled VCSEL array across its full operating range for emerging applications.
Layered structure transformations and exfoliation of h-BN during thermal cycling
Authors: Yan Zhengyu , Abdelkader Amor , Mirihanage Wajira
Published: November 2022

Understanding structural transformation of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) at elevated temperatures is critical to obtain 2D-h-BN through thermal exfoliation. Therefore, in situ x-ray diffraction data are collected from h-BN powders while subjecting them to a thermal cycle. The potential to define the structure order during temperature variations is revealed by using an index (I3D). It was revealed that no direct correlation with the degree of exfoliation of layered structure and the structural order change appeared during thermal cycling. Furthermore, particle size dependence of the structure order under elevated temperature is also mapped.
Experimental investigation on evolution characteristics of high- and low-speed streaks in supersonic turbulent boundary layer
Authors: Han Junhao , He Lin , Wu Zhengbang
Published: November 2022

High-speed and low-speed streak structures in the near wall region of a turbulent boundary layer with a Mach number of 3 are experimentally examined by employing the spatiotemporally resolved nanoparticle plane laser scattering technique. The time evolution characteristics of the high-speed and low-speed streaks in the supersonic turbulent boundary layer are systematically investigated through the speed field sequence results at various time intervals. The obtained results reveal that the dynamic behavior of the bands is chiefly represented by the translation along the flow direction. The process of dissipation of the existing streaks and the formation of a new streak is also observed and analyzed. The duration values of the high-speed and low-speed streak structures are assessed by utilizing the time-resolved characteristics of the speed field, and the predicted duration of the streak structure and the maximum flow length exceed 306 µs and 23.6 times the thickness of the boundary layers, respectively. Finally, the merging phenomenon of medium and low-speed streaks in the turbulent boundary layer is carefully scrutinized. The merging of low-speed streaks observed under supersonic conditions is consistent with the vortex packet merging model proposed by Tomkins and Adrian.
The statistics of the Debye–Hückel limiting law
Authors: Ellingsen Lodin , Haug–Warberg Tore
Published: November 2022

The Debye–Hückel Limiting Law (DHLL) correctly predicts the thermodynamic behavior of dilute electrolyte solutions. Most articles and books explain this law using Peter Debye and Erich Hückel’s original formalism of linearizing the Poisson–Boltzmann equation for a simple electrolyte model. Brilliant in its own right, this approach does not fully explain which microstates contribute in the range of the Debye–Hückel theory. Notably, the original formalism does not establish the Energy Multiplicity Distribution (EMD), which is the energy distribution of a system’s microstates. This work establishes an analytical expression for the EMD that satisfies the DHLL. Specifically, an EMD that is proportional to exp(aUel3) satisfies the DHLL for a monovalent electrolyte solution. Here, Uel is the effective electrostatic energy due to ion–ion interactions. The proposed proportionality shows quantitative agreement with the simulated EMDs of a Coulomb lattice gas that corresponds to an aqueous sodium chloride solution at a concentration of 3.559 × 10−4 M. The lattice gas that is used does not incorporate solvent molecules, but the Coulomb interactions are scaled through a permittivity that emulates the solvent—similar to the Debye–Hückel theory. Moreover, this work explains the proportionality by partitioning Uel into a set of energy contributions using minimal spanning graphs. This discussion on the EMD is new in the field. It widens the scope of the Debye–Hückel theory and could lead to a new parameterization option for developing equations of state.
Theoretical analysis of relative diffusion impedance in finite layer: Spiral-shaped Nyquist plots in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
Authors: He Yitao
Published: November 2022

The spiral shape is ubiquitous in everyday life, and the spiral is also present in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. By analyzing the diffusion of two ions in the opposite direction in the finite layer, the relative diffusion impedance equation can be obtained and used to simulate a series of different shapes of the Nyquist plots, including spiral shapes. In this paper, the variation law of the spiral Nyquist plot under different conditions is analyzed, and the application of the relative diffusion impedance equation in the area of thin-film solar cells and hydrogen permeation is discussed.
Monolithic GaN optoelectronic system on a Si substrate
Authors: Zhang Hao , Yan Jiabin , Ye Ziqi , Shi Fan , Piao Jinlong , Wang Wei , Gao Xumin , Zhu Hongbo , Wang Yongjin , Liu Yuhuai , Amano Hiroshi
Published: November 2022

GaN-based devices have grown rapidly in recent decades, due to their important research value and application prospects. There is a desire to monolithically integrate different GaN devices into a single chip for the development of future optoelectronic systems with low power consumption. In addition to improved multifunctional performance, a miniature integrated system can result in a significant reduction in material costs, processing costs, and packaging costs. In view of such prospects, we propose monolithic, top-down approaches to build III-nitride transmitter, modulator, waveguide, beam splitter, receiver, and monitor as a single unit onto a conventional GaN-on-silicon wafer without involving regrowth or postgrowth doping. Data communication among these components is realized through light propagation, opening up horizons for GaN optoelectronic systems on a chip.
Mimicking mussels in the lab
Authors: Lee Bruce P.
Published: November 2022

Materials scientists increasingly turn to the sedentary mollusks for inspiration when developing glues that adhere to wet surfaces.
Partial meal replacement for people with type 2 diabetes: 2-year outcomes from an Australian general practice
Authors: Khoo Chee L. , Chimoriya Ritesh , Simmons David , Piya Milan K.
Published: November 2022

Background This study aimed to determine weight loss and improvement in glycaemia at 12 and 24 months in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), following a 3-month partial meal replacement and subsequent reduced calorie diet. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of patients with T2DM attending a solo general practice in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Participants were advised to follow a 3-month partial meal replacement plan comprising of two meal replacement shakes plus a healthy meal. Over the subsequent 21 months, patients were encouraged to follow a reduced calorie diet with a particular emphasis on lowering carbohydrate intake. Results Of the 153 patients with T2DM, 51 (33.3%) agreed to follow a 3-month partial meal replacement plan, which was completed by 66.7% (n = 34/51). Compared to baseline, the average weight loss at 12 and 24 months was 7.1 ± 7.0 kg (102.2 ± 20.9 kg vs 95.1 ± 18.7 kg, P < 0.001) and 4.2 ± 7.7 kg (102.2 ± 20.9 kg vs 98.0 ± 18.2 kg, P = 0.003), respectively. Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was significantly reduced at 12 months (6.9 ± 1.5% vs 6.3 ± 0.9%, P = 0.003), but not at 24 months. The proportion of participants that met the criteria for diabetes remission was similar at baseline (8.8%) and 12 months (11.8%), but increased to 32.4% at 24 months (P = 0.016). Conclusions Patients with T2DM who were able to follow a partial meal replacement plan for 3 months with advice from a general practitioner achieved significant weight loss over 24 months. A multicentre randomised controlled trial to confirm these findings is required as this could significantly change the management of T2DM in primary care.
Engaging with a rural Aboriginal community to identify strategies to improve oral health within their community: a qualitative study
Authors: Walker David , Tynan Anna , Tucker Taygan , Fisher Barry , Fisher Tarita
Published: November 2022

Background Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders bear a higher burden of oral disease compared to non-Indigenous persons. Rural Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities are further disadvantaged due to service access difficulties. This study, initiated by community concern for oral health identified through its Health Action Group, aimed to explore a rural Aboriginal community’s strategies to resolve oral health problems. Methods A qualitative research study using a phenomenological research design with focus group discussions and in-depth interviews was completed in partnership with a rural community in Queensland, Australia, with a predominantly Aboriginal population. The research team included Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal personnel; community and external personnel; and dental and non-dental personnel. The collaborative approach included the development, implementation, analysis and interpretation of the research involving the community through its Health Action Group. Community engagement led to the recruitment of 27 participants from local health and community groups. Results Themes emerging from the data included: reducing financial barriers to accessing oral health care; integrating oral health care with other health services; increasing oral healthcare promotion activities; and ensuring local input and cultural safety within local oral healthcare services. Conclusion Community members are aware of local barriers and potential facilitators for improving oral health  within their community. Their identification of priority strategies can be used to inform the delivery of oral healthcare services and to develop oral healthcare promotion programs for the community. Co-designing solutions with the community should be an integral part of solving complex problems such as oral health.
Lapsus et apposition de rectification de l’arabe
Authors: Sartori Manuel
Published: November 2022

Si, pour nos traditions grammaticales européennes, la reconnaissance des appositions comme objet grammatical et non plus seulement comme éléments ressortissants à la rhétorique ne se fait que tardivement et non sans allers-retours, en gros vers lexviesiècle, celles-ci sont intégrées à la grammaire de l’arabe dès le début de son histoire auiie/viiiesiècle. La prime tradition grammaticale arabe reconnaît même, de manière implicite mais suffisamment claire, l’opposition à faire entre apposition liée et apposition détachée, ce que nos traditions grammaticales attendrons encore longtemps. Un autre trait de la singularité de la tradition grammaticale arabe sur cette question de la reconnaissance grammaticale des appositions, fait l’objet de cet article : elle est semble-t-il la première mais encore la seule à intégrer à son matériau grammatical l’erreur commise par le locuteur, qu’il s’agisse d’une faute d’inattention ou d’un oubli momentané, c’est-à-dire ce qui est nommé depuis lexxesiècle et ses préoccupations propres lapsus (linguae, memoriae). Et si elle en traite grammaticalement, c’est parce qu’elle reconnaît les corrections de ces erreurs comme des types d’apposition, des permutations, ce que ne fait encore que très imparfaitement la linguistique générale contemporaine et pas du tout les grammaires des langues européennes. Cet article met en avant la contribution que la grammaire de l’arabe peut apporter à la grammaire générale en lien avec grammatisation des appositions.
Pragmatics and discourse analysis
Authors: Alturo Nuria
Published: November 2022

The aim of this article is to show the relationship between the general goals of pragmatics and discourse analysis research in modern linguistics and the particular goals of Catalan pragmatics and discourse analysis research. It is assumed that pragmatics and discourse analysis can be considered, on the whole, to be a single scientific discipline, the general aim of which is to offer an interdisciplinary functional view of language use and communication. According to this general aim, pragmatic and discourse analysis studies seek explanations on both use processes and the relationship between language use and language structures. From these two areas of interest, a series of interdependent scientific objectives have developed that have been studied to varying extents in Catalan language research.
How subtitling professionals perceive changes in working conditions
Authors: Künzli Alexander
Published: November 2022

The job of a subtitler is undergoing significant changes. This study investigates subtitling professionals’ perceptions of the effects these changes are having on their working conditions. With this aim in mind, an email interview study was conducted with nineteen freelance subtitling professionals producing German-language subtitles. Overall themes in the subtitlers’ accounts were disillusion with recent trends in the subtitling profession (the precarization of the subtitling profession, acceleration of production processes, virtualization of collaboration), concerns about quality (unavailable or low-quality working materials, market entry of unskilled subtitlers, replacement of established local subtitling guidelines by international ones, machine translation), but also opportunities (predictability, solidarity among subtitling professionals). Suggestions for future directions concern longitudinal studies to evaluate the effects changes in professional subtitling practice have on working conditions over time with follow-up surveys to collect subtitlers’ opinions on how the problems identified could best be tackled.
Discreet empowerment: Race- and gender-separated participatory mechanisms in French working-class neighbourhoods
Authors: Lang Marion
Published: November 2022

This article examines the possibilities of implementing race- and gender-separated organisational models within institutional participatory mechanisms in the light of the concept of discretion. Based on an investigation carried out within a participatory mechanism in a French working-class neighbourhood, the text shows how discretion allows the existence of a homogeneous public in terms of gender and race, despite the French colourblind political context marked by the valorisation of the norm of ‘social mix’. The article highlights the effects of this discreet non-mixed organisation both in terms of individual empowerment processes for the participants and in terms of the acknowledgment of this group as a legitimate audience by local institutions.
Bianchi type-I cosmological dynamics in

f(Q)

gravity: a covariant approach
Authors: Esposito Fabrizio , Carloni Sante , Vignolo Stefano
Published: November 2022

Making use of the

1
+
3

covariant formalism, we show explicitly the effect that nonmetricity has on the dynamics of the Universe. Then, using the Dynamical System Approach, we analyze the evolution of Bianchi type-I cosmologies within the framework of

gravity. We consider several models of function

, each of them manifesting isotropic eras of the Universe, whether transitional or not. In one case, in addition to the qualitative analysis provided by the dynamical system method, we also obtain analytical solutions in terms of the average length scale l.
Analysis of the current induced by the motion of a magnet pendulum with a large initial angle
Authors: Seo Yun Kyung , Jang Taehun , Ha Hye Jin , Sohn Sang Ho
Published: November 2022

In this study, formulae for the waveform of an induced current,

I

t

,

generated when a magnet traverses along a rectangular coil with a narrow width were theoretically obtained considering the relative motion of the magnet and coil. Consequently, an experiment was performed under experimental conditions that matched the formulas, and the results obtained were compared with the theoretical predictions. The dependence of

I
(
t
)

on the initial angle

ϕ

0

of the magnet pendulum and the width

w

of the rectangular coil was found to be consistent with the theoretical prediction. Thus, the formulae obtained in this study are expected to be useful in addressing temporal variations in the waveform of the induced current produced by a magnet moving in a polar coordinate space.
2D FPCB micromirror for scanning LIDAR
Authors: Tai Trevor S , He Siyuan , Ghazinouri Behrad
Published: November 2022

This paper presents a 2D flexible printed circuit board (FPCB) micromirror and a scanning 3D light detection and ranging (LIDAR) based on it by integrating the 2D FPCB micromirror with a commercially available single point LIDAR. The 2D FPCB micromirror retains the benefits of previously developed 1D FPCB micromirrors, i.e. large aperture and low cost while providing rotation of the mirror plate about two orthogonal axes to be able to scan a laser beam about both vertical and horizontal axes to achieve 2D scanning. One 2D FPCB micromirror is integrated with a single point LIDAR to achieve a 3D scanning LIDAR, which, in comparison to the previously developed 1D FPCB micromirror based 3D LIDAR, achieved more compact structure and easier fabrication/assembly due to no strict requirement on the alignment between two micromirrors while only one 2D micromirror rather than two 1D micromirrors used. Prototypes of the 2D FPCB micromirror and the 3D LIDAR based on it are fabricated and tested. The test results demonstrate that the 2D FPCB micromirror based 3D LIDAR achieved a volume reduction over the previous 1D FPCB micromirror based 3D LIDAR from 1042 cm3 to 754 cm3 with a field of view of 40°× 24° at 150 Hz horizontal scanning and 2 Hz vertical scanning.
Direct comparison of ns LIBS and fs LIBS with high spatial and temporal resolution in gases
Authors: Feng Zhanyu , Zhang Jiaxian , Li Xiaofeng , Gao Qiang , Li Bo
Published: November 2022

Spatial resolution is one of the most critical parameters for spectroscopic measurements especially when used in gases. However, the lateral resolution of femtosecond (fs) laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) in gases has not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we directly compare the differences and connections between nanosecond (ns) LIBS and fs LIBS through spatio-temporally resolved spectroscopy. At the time period we measured, unlike the ns LIBS plasma, the fs LIBS plasma does not show detectable expansion, and we do not find composition transport due to turbulence inside the fs LIBS. In other words, the local spectral emission in the fs LIBS can correlate precisely to the composition at that location before the arrival of the laser, while ns LIBS cannot. This feature allows fs LIBS to have much higher lateral resolution than ns LIBS. Finally, this paper verified that fs LIBS can be used for one-dimensional measurements capability with its lateral resolution of 50 μm.
Z

n
symmetry in the vortex muon decay
Authors: Zhao Pengcheng
Published: November 2022

Polarization of a vortex state fermion has a rich structure due to the nontrivial momentum distribution of wave function. This larger freedom provides an unique opportunity to prepare fermions in exotic polarized states, which do not exist for plane wave state fermions. Based on the so-called spin–orbit state which was studied both theoretically and experimentally, we put forward a peculiar vortex muon whose polarization exhibits Z

n
symmetry and study its decay. We investigate the azimuthal distribution of the emitted electrons and find that it exhibits the same symmetry (Z

n
) as the initial state.
Potential harm to the skin from unfiltered krypton chloride ‘far-ultraviolet-C’ lamps, even below an occupational exposure limit
Authors: O’Mahoney Paul , Wood Kenneth , Ibbotson Sally H , Eadie Ewan
Published: November 2022

Ultraviolet-C (UVC) radiation can effectively inactivate pathogens on surfaces and in the air. Due to the potential for harm to skin and eyes, human exposure to UVC should be limited within the guideline exposure limits produced by the International Commission on Non-Ionising Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) or the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIHs). Both organisations state an effective spectrally weighted limit of 3 mJ cm−2, although the spectral weighting factors of the two organisations diverged following a revision of the ACGIH guidelines in 2022. Using existing published human exposure data, the effective spectrally weighted radiant exposure was calculated for both unfiltered and filtered (to reduce UV emissions above 230 nm) krypton chloride (KrCl*) excimer lamps. The effective radiant exposure of the filtered KrCl* lamp was greater than 3 mJ cm−2 when applying ICNIRP or either of the revised ACGIH spectral weightings. This indicates that both guidelines are appropriately conservative for this specific lamp. However, the effective radiant exposure of the unfiltered KrCl* lamp was as low as 1 mJ cm−2 with the revised ACGIH weighting function that can be applied to the skin if the eyes are protected. Erythema has therefore been directly observed in a clinical study at an exposure within the revised ACGIH guideline limits. Extrapolating this information means that a mild sunburn could be induced in Fitzpatrick skin types I and II if that particular ACGIH weighting function were applied and an individual received an effective exposure of 3 mJ cm−2. Whilst it is improbable that such an effect would be seen in current deployment of KrCl* lamp technology, it does highlight the need for further research into skin sensitivity and irradiance–time reciprocity for UVC wavelengths.
Fault feature extraction for planetary bearing of CRF pump in nuclear power plant based on TFDC-QPSO-optimised MOMEDA
Authors: Zhang Jiashuo , Xiong Xin , He Jun , Huang Yuanyuan , Yang Shixi
Published: November 2022

To address the issue of weak fault features and difficulty in feature extraction for planetary gearbox bearings of the circulation water pump (CRF pump) unit in the conventional island of a nuclear power plant, a deconvolution method, named the multipoint optimal minimum entropy deconvolution adjusted (MOMEDA), is optimised by a mixing operator improved quantum behaviour particle swarm optimisation (QPSO) algorithm, to extract the periodic fault impulse of planetary gearbox bearings. In the mixing operator, a differential evolution operator is introduced to improve particle swarms’ diversity and enhance the algorithm’s global optimisation capability. Meanwhile, a proposed adaptive CrossOver operator is incorporated into the algorithm to increase its convergence speed. Then, combining these two types of operators can construct a parameter optimisation algorithm displaying both global optimisation capability and high algorithm execution efficiency. Consider capturing the periodic impulsive features relating to bearing faults. A fitness function based on the characteristic information of the deconvolution signal in the time and frequency domain is proposed. This function serves as the objective function to facilitate the parameter optimisation on MOMEDA. Thereby, it enhances the optimisation capability of our feature extraction method. Experiments were conducted by adopting the proposed method on the signals collected from the inner- and outer-race faulty planetary bearing in a test bed, in which favourable feature extraction results are obtained. After the comparative analysis, we observed that both significances of features extracted by this method and the execution efficiency of the algorithm are superior compared to other methods. The on-site feature extraction results of the input shaft bearing in the planetary gearbox of a CRF pump unit in a nuclear power plant also demonstrated the engineering practicability of the method proposed in this work.
Preparation of multifunctional mesoporous SiO2 nanoparticles and anti-tumor action
Authors: Wu Yijun , Sun Zhiqiang , Song Jinfeng , Mo Liufang , Wang Xiaochen , Liu Hanhan , Ma Yunfeng
Published: November 2022

A targeted drug delivery system was developed to accumulate specific drugs around tumor cells based on the redox, temperature, and enzyme synergistic responses of mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN-NH2) and Doxorubicin (DOX) for tumor therapy were prepared and loaded into the pores of MSN- NH2 to obtain DOX@MSN(DM NPs). Hyaluronic acid (HA) was used as the backbone and disulfide bond was used as the linker arm to graft carboxylated poly (N-isopropylacrylamide)(PNIPAAm-COOH) to synthesize the macromolecular copolymer (HA-SS-PNIPAAm), which was modified to DM NPs with capped ends to obtain the nano-delivery system DOX@MSN@HA-SS-PNIPAAm(DMHSP NPs), and a control formulation was prepared in a similar way. DMHSP NPs specifically entered tumor cells via CD44 receptor-mediated endocytosis; the high GSH concentration (10 mM) of cells severed the disulfide bonds, the hyaluronidase sheared the capped HA to open the pores, and increased tumor microenvironment temperature due to immune response can trigger the release of encapsulated drugs in thermosensitive materials. In vitro and in vivo antitumor and hemolysis assays showed that DMHSP NPs can accurately target hepatocellular carcinoma cells with a good safety profile and have synergistic effects, which meant DMHSP NPs had great potential for tumor therapy.
Global solutions to an initial boundary problem for the compressible 3D MHD equations with Navier-slip and perfectly conducting boundary conditions in exterior domains
Authors: Liu Hairong , Luo Tao , Zhong Hua
Published: November 2022

An initial boundary value problem for compressible magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) is considered on an exterior domain (with the vanishing first Betti number) in

R

3

in this paper. The global existence of smooth solutions near a given constant state for compressible MHD with the boundary conditions of Navier-slip for the velocity filed and perfect conduction for the magnetic field is established. Moreover the explicit decay rate is given. In particular, the results obtained in this paper also imply the global existence of classical solutions for the full compressible Navier–Stokes equations with Navier-slip boundary conditions on exterior domains in three dimensions, which was not available in literature prior to the work in this paper, to the best of knowledge of the authors’.
3D–2D image registration in the presence of soft-tissue deformation in image-guided transbronchial interventions
Authors: Vijayan R , Sheth N , Mekki L , Lu A , Uneri A , Sisniega A , Magaraggia J , Kleinszig G , Vogt S , Thiboutot J , Lee H , Yarmus L , Siewerdsen J H
Published: November 2022

Purpose. Target localization in pulmonary interventions (e.g. transbronchial biopsy of a lung nodule) is challenged by deformable motion and may benefit from fluoroscopic overlay of the target to provide accurate guidance. We present and evaluate a 3D–2D image registration method for fluoroscopic overlay in the presence of tissue deformation using a multi-resolution/multi-scale (MRMS) framework with an objective function that drives registration primarily by soft-tissue image gradients. Methods. The MRMS method registers 3D cone-beam CT to 2D fluoroscopy without gating of respiratory phase by coarse-to-fine resampling and global-to-local rescaling about target regions-of-interest. A variation of the gradient orientation (

GO

) similarity metric (denoted

G

O
′

) was developed to downweight bone gradients and drive registration via soft-tissue gradients. Performance was evaluated in terms of projection distance error at isocenter (PDEiso). Phantom studies determined nominal algorithm parameters and capture range. Preclinical studies used a freshly deceased, ventilated porcine specimen to evaluate performance in the presence of real tissue deformation and a broad range of 3D–2D image mismatch. Results. Nominal algorithm parameters were identified that provided robust performance over a broad range of motion (0–20 mm), including an adaptive parameter selection technique to accommodate unknown mismatch in respiratory phase. The

G

O
′

metric yielded median PDEiso = 1.2 mm, compared to 6.2 mm for conventional

GO
.

Preclinical studies with real lung deformation demonstrated median PDEiso = 1.3 mm with MRMS +

G

O
′

registration, compared to 2.2 mm with a conventional transform. Runtime was 26 s and can be reduced to 2.5 s given a prior registration within ∼5 mm as initialization. Conclusions. MRMS registration via soft-tissue gradients achieved accurate fluoroscopic overlay in the presence of deformable lung motion. By driving registration via soft-tissue image gradients, the method avoided false local minima presented by bones and was robust to a wide range of motion magnitude.
High-efficiency MA1−z
FA
z
Pbl3−x
Cl
x
perovskite solar cells via mixed A-site cations in the lattice
Authors: Huang Jin , Chen Chunyang , Zhang Fanghui , Wang Hao , Shi Kewang , Liu Shengzhong
Published: November 2022

Inorganic–organic perovskite materials show enormous potential in the aspect of high power conversion efficiency (PCE) due to their superior optoelectronic properties. Herein, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the formamidinium (FA+) influences on the electrical properties and surface morphology of MA1−z
FA
z
Pbl3−x
Cl
x
films, as well as the changes in the perovskite solar cell (PSC) parameter. By adding a suitable amount of FAI to the precursor, a series of PSCs were prepared, with the absorption layer owning a mixed organic cation (MA1−z
FA
z
PbI3−x
Cl
x
) to passivate interfacial defects and improve stability. This work discovered that the appropriate amounts of FA+ can improve grain size and interference defects generation through interionic interaction. Meanwhile, both the filling factor and the short-circuit current density (J
sc) have been enhanced effectively, and the PCE of the champion device is 17.31%. Additionally, the stability of the MA0.6FA0.4PbI3−x
Cl
x
-based PSC is also satisfactory. Under 150 h of darkness at 25 humidity and 25 °C, the PCE fell by just 2.9%. This work reveals that modest FA+ can significantly enhance the film-forming and device performance of MAPbI3−x
Cl
x
by substituting for the A-site cation.
Effect of stress on thermal properties of AlGaN nanofilms
Authors: Fan Senping , Yan Tianyu , Huang Lihong , Sang Liwen , Mei Yang , Ying Leiying , Zhang Baoping , Long Hao
Published: November 2022

Aluminum gallium nitride (AlGaN) nanofilms have been widely applied as active layers in ultra-violet opto-electronic devices and power electronics. Stress plays essential role in AlGaN based devices, especially in high electron mobility transistor. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the thermal properties of AlGaN nanofilms with various stresses. In this work, biaxial stressed [0001] oriented AlGaN nanofilms were studied. The phonon dispersion, density of states, velocity and heat capacity were simulated based on the elastic theory. Thermal conductivities of AlGaN nanofilms, which was found 1 ∼ 2 orders of magnitude lower than the bulk materials, were then calculated by Boltzmann transport equation. Due to the modification of phonon dispersion and increasing of group velocity by tensile stress, the thermal conductivities of AlGaN nanofilms increase from compressive stress (−15 GPa) to tensile stress (+15 GPa). Moreover, a phonon energy gap appears in AlN nanofilm of −15 GPa, which disrupts the linear relation between thermal conductivity and stresses. Our work confirmed that the stress could be promising to tune the thermal conductivity of AlGaN nanofilms.
Energy harvesting from gravity-induced deformation of rotating shaft for long-term monitoring of rotating machinery
Authors: Zhang Liufeng , Qin Lichang , Qin Zhaoye , Chu Fulei
Published: November 2022

Energy harvesting from rotating machines for self-powered sensor networks has attracted increasing attentions in the last decade. In this work, an energy harvester employing piezoelectric stacks for rotating machinery is proposed, which cannot only harvest kinetic energy from bending deformation of rotating shaft but also has the capability of rotor fault detection. The structure and working concept of the energy harvester are initially presented. Afterward, a theoretical model for the energy harvester is established to clarify its output characteristics. Then, vibration tests under different rotating speeds are carried out with a prototype mounted on a rotor test rig. The effects of electrical connections of piezoelectric stacks, rotor geometry, energy harvester location, and fastener preload on the output performance of energy harvester are evaluated. Finally, the applications of powering a scientific calculator and detecting typical faults of rotor systems including rotor crack and rub impact faults are demonstrated. Apart from fault detection capability, the proposed energy harvester has the advantages of long lifespan and causing little interference with the rotational motion, which overcomes the inherent deficiencies of commonly studied beam-type energy harvesters and manifest the potential of proposed energy harvester for the long-term condition monitoring of rotating machines.