bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regression Analysis of Communication Gap in Teaching-Learning Process among BTVTED Students
Authors: Comingking Joyce Ann R. , Labos Marjie C. , Rebucas Elizer M. , Caritativo Christian
Published: August 2024

Inadequate teacher-student communication in schools causes misconceptions of academic information, resulting in decreased student performance and engagement. Furthermore, it impedes the formation of a supportive learning environment, which is critical for increasing student motivation and confidence. The study aimed to investigate the relationships and influences of the quality of teacher-student communication on students' level of academic learning outcomes among college students of Tagum City College of Science and Technology Foundation, Inc. Specifically, it examined the variables that best predict students' academic learning outcomes. Descriptive, correlational, and causal-comparative designs were utilized in this study. Moreover, researchers used adapted survey questionnaires to obtain information from the respondents. For students' quality learning achievement, the study used the students' general average acquired in the first semester. Pearson Product Moment Correlation r and Simple Linear Regression were the statistical tools utilized in the study. The study demnstrated a significant relationship between the quality of teacher-student communication and students' learning outcomes. All three indicators under the independent variable were of high descriptive equivalent. Moreover, learners’ academic performance was very satisfactory. Furthermore, teachers' feedback on Quality teacher-student communication significantly predicted students' learning outcomes. Thus, the more precise the instructions the teachers give, the more responsive the teacher is, and the more they give positive feedback, the more they perform well in school.
Radio-loud Quasars and Expansion of Universal Space-time
Authors: Nwobodo Michael Ndubisi , Ezeugo Jeremiah Chukwuemerie
Published: August 2024

We have employed both analytical methods and statistical methods to find possible constraints that may be imposed by the observed accelerated expansion of the space-time on radio-loud quasars. We have done this by carrying out linear regression analysis on large-sized (linear size, ) quasars and on their smaller (more compact) (linear size, ) counterparts in our sample. On the linear size/redshift plane for the larger quasars, we find that these sources expand as space-time expands. Though they show similar trend on the  plot, their more compact counterparts however, indicate difference in their gradient. The result of the more compact sources shows steeper slope , while that of the more extended sources indicates a flatter slope . This discrepancy must have originated from the ambient environments in which they are sited since the two sub-classes of objects have been shown to be situated in different ambient media. So, their observable physical processes should not be expected to be precisely the same. Therefore, since the compact sources are generally sub-galactic in dimensions (i.e. linear sizes are below ), they are affected more by their denser ambient media. Also, gravity is more noticeable within a typical galaxy (and diameter of a typical galaxy is about ) than within the intergalactic medium; so, space expansion should unsurprisingly yield little or null effect on the evolution of these compact sources. This is shown in our obtained relation, . It indicates that the observed universal space-time expansion causes little or no effects on the sizes of these more compact quasars, and hence, their evolution is largely dynamical; while the converse may be the case for the more extended quasars. Conclusively, we state that large-sized radio-loud quasars are intergalactic which implies they are neither held by gravity nor dense media, but more possibly affected by creation of more spaces due to dark energy accelerating expansion of the universe. In contrast with it, Compact Steep Spectrum (CSS) quasars which are generally sub-galactic possibly get affected by denser ambient gases and gravity within CSS quasars, have little or no effect on source growth by dark energy.
Dynamics of Woody Species Composition and Diversity as a Result of Conversion of Open Grazing Land to an Exclosure in Northern Ethiopia: The Case of Tigray Lowlands
Authors: Abay Kiros
Published: August 2024

Exclosures have been establishedon open grazing lands to tackle environmental degradation in Ethiopia, particularly in Tigray region. However, little has been know with regard to the effect of establishing exclosures on open grazing lands especially in Lowlands of Tigray region, northern Ethiopia. Hence, this study was conducted to explore the effect of conversion of grazing lands to an exclosure on woody species composition and diversity at Tselemti district, which was taken as testing site to represent the lowlands of Tigray.  To collect data on vegetation, three line transects, parallel to each other and across the slope were laid in the exclosure and open grazing lands systematically at 150 meters interval. Along each transect line, six sample plots measuring 20m×20m were laid down at 100 meters intervals from each other. So, a total of 36 plots (18 from grazing land and 18 from exclosure), measuring 20m*20m, were established along 6 transects for vegetation sampling. 41 and 16 woody species were recorded in the exclosure and grazing land respectively. Shannon diversity, richness, evenness and density were found to be significantly higher (P<0.05) in exclosure than grazing land. It can be concluded that conversion of open grazing lands to exclosures is a viable option to restore degraded vegetation. For this reason, additional exclosures have to be established on previously degraded open grazing lands in the area and areas with similar biophysical setup.
Design and Implementation of Online Crime Report System using Rapid Application Development (RAD) Methodology
Authors: Wiredu Japheth Kodua , Abuba Nelson Seidu , Atiyire Basel , Acheampong Reuben Wiredu
Published: August 2024

In recent years, online crime reporting systems have become increasingly important for law enforcement and community safety. However, many existing systems lack features that enhance usability and accessibility for diverse populations. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the design and implementation process for an Online Crime Report System, employing the Rapid Application Development (RAD) methodology. Our proposed system integrates advanced data analytics, a multi-language interface, and anonymous reporting capabilities, which address these limitations and provide significant improvements over current solutions. Additionally, the system is designed with scalability, high availability, low latency, reliability, and durability in mind to ensure it can effectively support crime reporting at scale in real-world scenarios. It explores the technical aspects of system development, discusses the challenges encountered, and the solutions devised, and evaluates the effectiveness of the RAD approach in this context. By examining this case study, we aim to contribute to the growing body of knowledge on the application of agile development methodologies in law enforcement technology and to provide insights for future implementations of similar systems.
Impact of Crop Configuration and Microbial Liquid Fertilizers on Growth and Yield of Oilseed Brassic
Authors: Nanda Abhishek , Shukla Anil , Kumar Rajeew , Negi M. S. , Shukla Pavan , Choudhary Mahendra
Published: August 2024

Oilseeds are essential to the Indian economy. Rapeseed-mustard is one of the important edible oilseed crops in north India. Liquid fertilizers made from agricultural residues and waste are becoming increasingly popular due to their simple production process through fermentation Exploration of sustainable agricultural practices has led to the investigation of unconventional fertilizers for improving the stagnant oil seed yield. With this prior information, field experiments conducted at the Norman E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre of G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar study the effect of crop configuration and microbial liquid fertilizers on growth and yield of oilseed Brassica during 2022-23 and 2023-24. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. The experiment was consisting of one main factor i.e. crop configuration and a sub factor i.e. different types of microbial liquid fertilizers. Main plot consists of P1- Brassica juncea in 22.5cm apart rows with alternate row extraction 30 DAS, P2- Brassica juncea in 22.5cm apart rows with 50:50 alternate row extraction 20 and 40 DAS, P3- Brassica napus and Brassica rugosa in 22.5cm apart rows extracting Brassica rugosa 30 DAS, P4 - Brassica napus and Brassica rugosa in 22.5cm apart rows extracting Brassica rugosa 50:50, 20 and 40 DAS. Sub plot consist of L1 (liquid fertilizer 1), L2 (liquid fertilizer 2), L3 (liquid fertilizer 3), C (Control). Crop configuration and slag based liquid fertilizers significantly influenced growth and yield parameters. Plant height, dry matter production, leaf area index (LAI), no. of siliquae per plant and seed yield were significantly higher in plant configuration involving Brassica napus and Brassica rugosa in 22.5cm apart rows extracting Brassica rugosa 30 DAS and liquid fertilizer 3 in compare to others. Optimal crop configuration like P3 with tailored fertilizer, L3 improved the growth and yield of Brassica species in compare to others.
Effects of Organic and Inorganic Nutrient Sources on the Growth and Yield of Bottle Gourd
Authors: Chaudhary Santosh Kumar , Mahto Dilip Kumar , Kumar Mahesh , Singh Sanjay Kumar , Sinha Neha , Kumar Vinod , Kumar Randhir
Published: August 2024

Producing nutritious food is the ultimate objective of organic farming, since it helps in improving soil formation, nitrogen fixation, nutrient recycling, erosion mitigation, and carbon sequestration. An experiment was conducted at Nalanda College of Horticulture, Noorsarai, Nalanda during summer season of 2017 and 2018 to assess the effect of integrated and sole applications of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the growth and yield of bottle gourd under onion-onion-bottle gourd crop sequence. The experiment consists of seven treatments viz.,T1-100%NPK through inorganic fertilizers (IFs) 120:60 and 40 Kg N:P2O5 and K2O); T2-50%NPK through IFs+50%N through farm yard manure (FYM); T3-50% N through FYM+50% N through vermicompost (VC); T4-1/3 of N each through FYM + VC + neem cake (NC); T5-50% N through FYM + PSB + azotobactor; T6-50% N through FYM+50% N through VC+PSB + azotobactor and T7-1/3 of N each through FYM + VC + NC +PSB + azotobactor. These seven treatments were replicated thrice in Randomized Block Design. Results revealed that T1-100%NPK through inorganic fertilizers recorded 222.3 q ha-1 fruit yield, which was statistically at par with T2 (192.3 q ha-1). T1 recorded maximum vine length followed by T2 T7 and T6. After completion of the cropping system; onion-onion-bottle gourd, soils were subjected to analysis. EC, pH and soil organic carbon (SOC) didn’t differ significantly. Available N, P and K also found non-significant due to different fertilizer and organic manure sources, but maximum available N was observed in 100% inorganic plots (T1) followed by integrated (T2) and 100 % organics (T6) . Maximum P and K were observed in T6. T1-100% IFs sources recorded highest gross return (1.56 Lakh), net return (1.16 Lakh) and B: C ratio (2.87) followed by T2. On the basis of result it has been concluded that T2 having 50 % NPK through inorganic fertilizer + 50 % N through FYM may found suitable for sustainable bottle gourd production as it performed at par with T1 in respect to crop growth and yield.
Mechanical Properties and Engineering Applications of Flexural and Tensile Properties in Materials Science
Authors: Ebunoluwa Atere, M. , Taiwo Ahmed , Uzoeto Henrietta O. , Ezeh Emmanuel Chidiebere , Okorie Peter C. , Samuel Cosmas , Toheeb Adeleke , Osondu Mackson Unogu
Published: August 2024

Aim: This research project aims to comprehensively characterize the flexural and tensile properties of banana fibre and analyze their implications for engineering applications. The objective is to elucidate the relationship between material microstructure, processing parameters, and mechanical behavior, thereby providing valuable insights for materials selection, design optimization, and advanced materials development.
Methods: Experimental testing was conducted to characterize the flexural and tensile properties of banana fibre using standardized procedures for flexural testing (e.g., ASTM D790) and tensile testing (e.g., ASTM D638). Specimens were prepared according to established protocols, and testing was performed using state-of-the-art equipment and protocols. The collected data were analyzed statistically to determine key mechanical parameters, including maximum stress, strain, modulus of elasticity, and energy absorption capacity.
Results: The experimental results revealed comprehensive insights into the flexural and tensile properties of banana fibre. Analysis of the data identified trends, correlations, and key factors influencing mechanical behavior. Flexural properties, including flexural strength, modulus of elasticity, and toughness, were characterized under various loading conditions and geometries. Tensile properties, such as tensile strength, strain, and modulus of elasticity, were assessed to evaluate the material's ability to withstand stretching or elongation without failure.
Conclusion: The findings of this research project provide valuable insights for engineering applications and materials development. The comprehensive characterization of flexural and tensile properties offers guidance for material selection, structural design, and performance optimization in various industries. Furthermore, the analysis of the relationship between material microstructure, processing parameters, and mechanical behavior contributes to advancements in materials science and engineering. Overall, this research project enhances our understanding of the mechanical behavior of materials and provides a basis for future research and innovation in the field.
Unlocking the Nutritional Power of Vegetables: A Guide to Vibrant Health
Authors: Chaudhari V. M. , Singh Oinam Bobochand , Gouthami N. S. , Thakur Nikhil , Singh Rashmi , Singh Shweta , Thapa Umesh , Nagar Badri Lal
Published: August 2024

Vegetable consumption is essential for preserving optimum health and wellbeing. This review explores the nutritional value of vegetables, emphasising their abundance of vitamins, minerals, and bioactive substances in addition to other important nutrients. Vegetables are essential for boosting mental health, lowering the risk of chronic diseases, and raising standard of living. They provide important advantages like nutrient density, digestive health support, and antioxidant defence while fostering vitality and energising health. Also highlights the significance of eating a varied, well-balanced diet full of vibrant, colourful vegetables in order to guarantee a varied intake of phytochemicals that have particular health benefits. Furthermore, the function of vegetables in controlling blood sugar is examined, highlighting their high fibre content, low glycemic index, and antioxidant and polyphenol content, which improves insulin sensitivity. People can attain and sustain the best possible health, vitality, and well-being by including a variety of vegetables in their regular diets. There are doable methods for adding more veggies to diets, highlighting the significance of these plant-based nutrients for a healthy way of living.
Seasonal Activities of Thrips (Thrips tabaci Lindeman.) in Onion and Their Relation with the Various Environmental Factors
Authors: M. Senjaliya Tushar , J. J. Patel , G. Patel Hiral
Published: August 2024

Aim: To study the population dynamics of thrips (Thrips tabaci Lindeman) infesting onion in relation to weather parameters
Study Design: Field trail; Randomized Block Design.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at College farm at Navsari Agricultural University (NAU) Southern Gujarat, INDIA during Rabi of 2022-23 and 2023-24.
Methodology: For observations of thrips (Thrips tabaci Lindeman), the whole experimental plot was divided in five sectors and 5 plants were randomly selected from each sector. The observations on absolute thrips population were recorded at weekly interval by counting the number of thrips per plant during morning hours starting from one week after transplanting till to harvesting of the crop.
Results: Thrips population initiated during 3rd week of December (51st Standard Meteriological Week) during both the year in the range of 2.25 to 15.87, 1.60 to 24.50 and 2.51 to 18.85 thrips per plant with an average of 6.67, 10.54 and 8.60 per plant during 2022, 2023 and in average of two years. The highest peak (15.87 /plant) was observed during 3rd week of February (8th Standard Meteriological Week) in 2022 whereas, during 4th week of February (9th Standard Meteriological Week) in 2023 as well as in average of two years with a population of 24.50 and 18.85 per plant, respectively. Thrips population had highly significant positive correlation with MaxT (r=0.678) whereas, highly significantly negatively correlated with Evening Relative Humidity (r = -0.727) during 2022. The population of thrips highly significantly positively correlated with Bright Sunshine Hours (r=0.672) during 2023. The other weather parameters had no role on incidence of thrips as the results were non-significant.
Conclusion: results of population dynamics of thrips (Thrips tabaci) on Onion for both the years, it can be concluded that the infestation of thrips was higher during 5th week of January to 1st week of March on onion.
Impact of Ant Infestation on Muga Silkworms: Insights from Farmer Observations
Authors: Rajkhowa Abhigyan , Saikia Monimala , Brahma Dipankar , Sarma Jugabrat , Bora Nilav Ranjan , Saikia Rimpi Rani
Published: August 2024

The present study investigates the incidence and infestation of ants, a ubiquitous predator in muga silkworm (Antheraea assamensis Helfer) rearing. A survey was conducted during August 2021 to July 22 across Jorhat and Lakhimpur districts of Assam, involving 120 respondents from 8 villages.  The findings revealed 100% of ant infestation during muga silkworm rearing, by Oecophylla smaragdina (Fabricus) emerging as the most frequently observed and predacious species, particularly targeting the early larval instars. The respondents reported peak ant predation during the Aherua (June-July) crop cycle, with an estimated 1-25% crop loss. This study highlights the need for developing effective management strategies to mitigate the impact of ant predation on muga silk production.
Studies on the Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Growth and Flowering of Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflorum) Cv. Pusa Shwet
Authors: Kaur Simarjeet , Singh Jujhar
Published: August 2024

The present investigation was conducted in the Experimental Farm, Department of Agriculture, Mata Gujri College, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab during year 2023-24 with eight treatments comprising of different doses of integrated nutrients  viz: T1 i.e., Control, T2 i.e., VAM (0.05 g/m2) + NPK (20:10:10 g/m2)T3 i.e., PSB (0.05 g/m2) + NPK (20:10:10 g/m2), T4 i.e., Azospirillum (0.05 g/m2) + NPK (20:10:10 g/m2) ,T5 i.e., VAM + PSB (0.05+0.05 g/m2) + NPK (20:10:10 g/m2), T6 i.e., VAM + Azospirillum (0.05 + 0.05 g/m2) + NPK (20:10:10 g/m2), T7 i.e., Azospirillum + PSB (0.05 + 0.05 g/m2) + NPK (20:10:10 g/m2), T8 i.e., RDF (40:20:20 g/m2), with three replications in randomized block design. The maximum plant height (41.72cm), number of leaves per stem (12.81cm), number of stems per plant (12.29), stem length (15.19cm), diameter of main stem (8.12mm), plant spread (33.13cm2), Leaf length (37.20cm), were recorded in T7 i.e., Azospirillum + PSB (0.05 + 0.05 g/m2) while minimum plant height (28.94cm), number of leaves per stem (8.14), number of stems per plant (6.92), stem length (9.18cm), diameter of main stem (5.59mm), plant spread (17.67cm2), was recorded under T1 i.e., control. T7 i.e., Azospirillum + PSB (0.05 + 0.05 g/m2) shows best results in number of flowers per plant (18.85) While minimum flowering attributes i.e., number of flowers per plant (6.44) was resulted in T1 i.e., control.
Impact of Integrated Nutrient Management on Growth and Yields of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) at Lower Gangetic Alluvial Zone of West Bengal
Authors: Saha Abhijit , Dasgupta Kushal , Mahanty Atanu
Published: August 2024

Aims: To study the effect of organic manures and chemical fertilizers on growth and yields of Sesame.
Place and Duration of Study: A field experiment was conducted in lower Gangetic alluvial soils of West Bengal at agricultural experimental farm of University of Calcutta, Baruipur, South 24 Parganas during summer season of 2021.
Methodology: The field experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with eight treatments replicated thrice and the variety used was Sabitri. The treatments were: NPK@ 50:30:25+ Manganese Sulphate (5 kg/ hectare) (T1), FYM + NPK @ 35:23:23 (T2), NPK @ 21:23:23+ Seed treatment with Azospirillum (600 g/ha) + Phosphobacteria (600 g/ha) (T3), Seed treatment with turmeric powder @ 10 gm/kg, Soil application of Organic Amendment with FYM and Neem cake @150 kg/ha (1:1), Untreated check (T5), Application of soil ment (11.12 kg/ha) (T6), Application of Humic acid (3.6 kg/ha) (T7), Application of sea weed (2 ml/l of water) (T8), A uniform dose of FYM was applied to all the plots as basal.
Results: Maximum plant height (93.45 cm), dry matter accumulation (104.19 g/m2) and LAI (4.77), Length of capsule (3.38 cm), no. of capsule/plant (64.6), no. of seeds/capsule (77.62), grain yield (930.12 kg/ha) and straw yield (2676.97 kg/ha) were recorded from the application of NPK @ 21:23:23+ Seed treatment with Azospirillum (600 g/ha) + Phosphobacteria (600 g/ha) (T3).
Conclusion: The result of the present study revealed that integrated application of NPK along with biofertilizers [NPK @ 21:23:23 + Seed treatment with Azospirillum (600 g/ha) + Phosphobacteria (600 g/ha)] gave higher growth attributes, yield attributes and yield.
Chemical Mutagens and Their Impact in Modifying the Growth of Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflorum) var. Flirt
Authors: Singh Arshpreet , Singh Jujhar , Negi Anmol
Published: August 2024

The present research was conducted at Experimental Farm, Kharora, Department of Agriculture, Mata Gujri College, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, during autumn of the year 2023-2024. The study was carried out in a randomized block design with seven treatments and three replications. Different doses of the chemical mutagens Ethyl methanesulphonate (E.M.S.) and colchicine were utilized in the experiment, with the specific doses being T1 i.e., E.M.S. 0.75%, T2 i.e., E.M.S. 1.0%, T3 i.e., E.M.S. 1.25%, T4 colchicine 0.02%, T5 i.e., colchicine 0.03%, T6 i.e., colchicine 0.04%, and T7 i.e., control. Applying E.M.S. and colchicine treatments to rooted chrysanthemum cuttings led to significant changes in vegetative and flowering characteristics, creating variability. Both E.M.S. and colchicine treatments resulted in a significant reduction among vegetative parameters (plant height, number of branches, plant spread, diameter of main stem and number of leaves per plant) on the contrary the leaf area (65.34 cm2) increased in response to colchicine treatment and decreased in response to E.M.S. treatment compared to the control group treatment. Notably, an increase in the concentration of E.M.S. (E.M.S 1.25%) and colchicine (colchicine 0.04%) resulted in a decrease in vegetative and flowering parameters. Maximum plant height (52.00 cm), number of branches per plant (13.29), plant spread (29.39 cm2), main stem diameter (8.85 mm), and number of leaves per plant (111.22). These findings suggest that E.M.S. and colchicine can be effectively utilized to induce beneficial mutations in chrysanthemums potentially contributing to develop new dwarf plant varieties with desired traits, breeding program and scientific research to study plant development. This research highlights the importance of optimizing mutagen doses to achieve desired horticultural outcomes. Treated plants exhibit valuable ornamental traits suitable for different purposes for instance, the dwarf plants.
Towards Sustainable Onion Seed Production: An In-depth Analysis of Pest Control Practices, Knowledge Gaps, and Pollinator’s Awareness among Onion Seed Farmers in Maharashtra, India
Authors: Pushpalatha M. , Patil C. S.
Published: August 2024

A roving survey was conducted to study the pesticide use pattern by interviewing the farmers growing onion for seed production in Nashik, Pune, and Ahmednagar districts of Maharashtra state. The questionnaire was prepared to assess their knowledge and practices on seed onion cultivation, general awareness on pesticide recommendations and use, and pollinators’ exploration for higher seed production. Most of interviewed farmers (50%) allotted 1-2 acres of land for commercial onion seed production from more than 3 years of period. Among several limitations for successful onion seed production 83.33% of respondents faced incidence of pest and diseases in field as a major constraint followed by unavailability of quality seeds (40%) and labours (20%). The majority of farmers were unaware of pest identification and preferred pesticides as a priority measure (46.66%) without using recommended pesticides suggested by the CIBRC at higher than recommended dosage (86.66%) for spraying without following the Economic Threshold Level approach (90%). Around 90% of farmers avoided the use proper protective measures during spraying, 83.33% were unaware about label claim, and harmful effects of pesticides on human health and environment (53.33%). The majority of farmers (70 %) had knowledge of honeybees but unaware about role in pollination and increasing seed production (73.33%). Present study urged for extension, demonstration and educating the farmer community about scientific production activities, pesticides usage and pollinators role to enhance onion seed production.
Characterization of Diverse Carrot (Daucus carota L.) Genotypes Using Long Noncoding RNA Based Microsatellite Markers
Authors: Hundekar Aishwarya , S C Sarvamangala , H Manjunath , Naika Mahantesha B. N. , P Bapurayagouda
Published: August 2024

In the pursuit of enhancing carrot breeding programs, our study focused on the experimental validation of selected long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) using end-point polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Twenty-seven carrot (Daucus carota L.) genotypes, including Asiatic and Western varieties, were grown in RCBD design and evaluated for root traits at UHS Bagalkot, Karnataka, India, during 2022-2023. These genotypes were used to validate five SSR markers developed for lncRNAs in carrots. From an initial set, five lncRNAs were chosen for further experimental validation based on their bit score and the presence of simple sequence repeat (SSR) motifs. Our novel approach involved the development of 27 imperfect SSR markers and five perfect SSR markers specifically targeting these lncRNAs. The integration of SSR markers with lncRNA studies is unprecedented in carrot breeding, opening new avenues for genetic improvement. Among the five lncRNA-derived SSR (lncSSR) markers developed, DcLNC55 and DcLNC62 exhibited polymorphisms across 27 diverse carrot genotypes. In conclusion, our study highlights the innovative use of lnc-SSR markers in carrot breeding, demonstrating their utility in genetic diversity studies and their potential role in uncovering the functional importance of lncRNAs in crop phenotypes. The findings present significant implications for future carrot breeding strategies, providing a foundation for integrating molecular markers and lncRNA research in carrot and other related horticultural crop improvement programs.
Effect of Biological Priming on Metabolomic and Molecular Changes in Response to Drought Stress in Brassica juncea
Authors: Gantait Aishmita , Masih Sam A. , Maxton Ann
Published: August 2024

Indian mustard, Brassica juncea is a leading oilseed crop in India and plays a crucial role in the agricultural as well as oilseed home marketing system of the country. High oil and phytosterols, glucosinolate content make it a more valuable crop, and it is used for edible oil production, poultry feed. There, however, is always one major problem during the growth of trees and their productivity; drought. This paper discusses the use of bio-priming to compound drought resistance in Indian mustard. Bio-priming, which entails the use of various microorganisms in seed treatment is therefore modern system of farming. In the process of germination and plant growth it enhances the seed germination rate, seedling vigor and overall plant health through various metabolomic and molecular mechanisms. Researchers have demonstrated that bio-priming containing elements such as Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis, and Trichoderma harzianum faciliates the uptake of sulfur, growth and improvement of tolerance to abiotic stresses. Furthermore, by impacting on expression of stress associated genes, bio-priming enhances the activity of the WRKY transcription factor as well as the production of abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA), leading to drought tolerance. These first results based on drought tolerance genes help to priorities future breeding programs dedicated to the improvement of drought resistant cultivars. Bio-priming also stimulated the antioxidant defense pathway and improved the ability of plants to cope with oxidation pressure arising from drought stress. Overall, bio-priming is a relatively cost-effective, environmentally considerate method for enhancing drought tolerance in Indian mustard, thus being beneficial for sustainable farming and food production.
Determinants of Food Insecurity among Smallholder Farming Households in Southwest Nigeria
Authors: O.A. Adesomoju, , Onemolease E.A. , F.I Wole-Alo, , Igene G.O.
Published: August 2024

The study analysed the determinants of food insecurity among smallholder farming households in South western part of Nigeria with Ondo and Osun States in focus. Multi-stage sampling procedures were employed to gather data from 389 farming households (194 from Ondo State and 195 from Osun State) spread across 4 agricultural zones, 8 local governments and 24 communities. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics, Ordinal regression and Friedman test. Results revealed the average age of the respondents was 47 years with majority being male 63.75% and married 82.26% and having an household size of 6. Most household heads were educated (94.09%), engaged in farming for about 19 years, and do not belong to cooperatives (73.26%). Respondents derived income from both farming and non-farm activities with the average farm income being N216,066.8/annum and non-farm income being about N360,000/annum. Multiple technologies were adopted by respondents such as application of herbicides (77.63%), pesticides (73.26%) and fertilizers (66.58%). Using the FANTA Cornel model, food insecurity was found to be prevalent in the study area with the majority (61.44%) of the households been severely food insecure, 35.73% were moderately food insecure while 1.80% and 1.03% were food secured and mildly food insecure. The most significant constraints to food security among the farming households were inability to access credit (mean rank = 8.78), poor storage infrastructure (8.57), inadequate capital (8.56) and high cost of farm chemicals (8.35). Significant factors related to food insecurity among the farming households were age (b = -0.059), education (b = -0.376), family size (b = 0.197), adoption of technology (b = -0.198), farm income (b = -0.335), association membership (b = -0.999), engagement in non-farm activities (b = -1.538), and access to credit (b = -0.853). Linking farmers groups to credit institutions and input suppliers were proposed.
Agronomic Evaluation of Experimental Lines of Bell Pepper under Greenhouse Conditions
Authors: Montejo Neymar Camposeco , López Josué Israel García , Naveda Antonio Flores , Melgoza Francisco Alfonso Gordillo , Chacón Xóchitl Ruelas , Cortez María del Pilar Marín
Published: August 2024

Aims: The objective of this experiment was to evaluate agronomic performance of pepper lines under greenhouse conditions.
Study Design: Was with the completely randomized model with 16 treatments (16 lines of bell pepper) and three repetitions each. The comparison of means was by Duncan ≤.05.
Place and Duration of Study: Experimental greenhouse, Plant Breeding Department of the Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro. between May 2022 to November 2022.
Methodology: sixteen lines of bell pepper were evaluated (Line 1, Line 2, Line 3, … Line 16), through the quantification and determination of agronomic variables to determine its agronomic behavior.
Results: Significant statistical differences were identified in the variables, in fruit length and diameter, lines 1, 2, 6 and 16 were superior. In total soluble solids, lines 2 and 3 were superior. In mesocarp thickness, lines 1, 3, 9 and 10 stood out. In average fruit weight the best performing lines were line 16, line 2, line 7, line 6, line 13, line 1 with more than 170 g per fruit. In yield (kg planta-1 and yield calculated in t ha-1), it was observed that lines 16, line 6, line 13 and line 14 produced more than 1.7 kilograms per plant, followed by lines 15, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 9 with 1.2-1.4 kilograms per plant on average. In plant height except for the lines 4, 2 and 1, the rest of the lines are statistically similar. A similar response was observed in number of fruits per plant, except for line 10. The correlation analysis expressed that the yield is determined by the number of fruits per plant (0.879), stem diameter (0.418), fruit diameter (0.268) and fruit length (0.255).
Conclusion: The agronomic behavior of the experimental pepper lines evaluated under greenhouse conditions was variable, therefore, the genetic diversity suggests the use of the outstanding attributes of each of the lines for the generation of new varieties or hybrids, or, where appropriate genetic recombination for the generation of new base populations for the derivation of new lines. he lines that stand out in most of the evaluated characters were line 1, line 2, Line 5, line 6, line 7, line 13, line 14 and line 16.
Global Importance of Rice Cultivation in Maintaining Ecological Balance: A Focus on Kerala, India
Authors: T Shahlas Binth.
Published: August 2024

Rice is crucial to over half of the world’s population, profoundly shaping history, diet, and economies globally. In Asia, rice is deeply embedded in daily life and cultural traditions, from religious ceremonies to everyday meals. As a major staple, rice is predominantly produced in South and East Asia, with China and India being the leading producers. In India, the state of Kerala exemplifies the integral role of rice in both cultural and ecological contexts. Kerala’s paddy fields are essential for flood management, groundwater conservation, and supporting diverse ecosystems. Traditional rice farming practices in Kerala not only improve local geography and ecology but also sustain a range of vital ecological processes. Beyond food production, rice paddies offer critical services including flood control, groundwater recharge, water purification, soil erosion prevention, landslide mitigation, local climate regulation, and landscape formation. They also act as biodiversity reservoirs, provide recreational opportunities, and enhance aesthetic values. To safeguard these benefits and promote sustainable rice farming, it is essential to implement effective management strategies. These strategies must address issues such as paddy land conversion, intensive agriculture, and climate change, aiming to restore and preserve the ecological functions of rice ecosystems. By doing so, they ensure the continued provision of these valuable services and the long-term sustainability of rice paddies for human well-being.
Climate Change Adaptation Strategies by Farmers in Tiruchirapalli District of Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Priya  , Sakunthalai A , Ramakrishnan K , Sangeetha S , Prabakaran K
Published: August 2024

Climate change is widely viewed as one of the most serious concerns confronting society today. Climate change is due to natural internal processes or external factors, as well as long-term anthropogenic changes in atmosphere composition and land use. The main purpose of the study was to find out the climate adaptation strategies followed by the respondents and their causes of adoption. Random sampling techniques were used to select the respondents. A total of 60 farmers were selected for the study. The data were collected through direct face-to-face personal interviews, and then compiled, tabulated, and analyzed to get answers with the help of appropriate statistical tools. In this research study, major findings were more than 90 per cent of the farmers had low to medium levels of climate adaptation strategies and the major cause for the adoption of adaptation strategies was the neighbourhood aspect (67.3%) followed by less prone to climate effects (65.60%) and shorter duration varieties (56.30%).
Sustainable Agriculture: Balancing Productivity and Environmental Stewardship for Future Generations
Authors: Kumari Niru , Pandey Amit Kumar , Singh Akhilesh Kumar , Singh Ashutosh
Published: August 2024

All global development is based on the agricultural practice. If not managed responsibly, increasing its productivity and production might have an impact on the land's capacity in the future. Preserving potential land use might be achieved through sustainable agriculture. Enhancing and balancing productivity with environmental sustainability may be accomplished by concentrating on locally accessible organic resources, INM, IFS, etc. and proper management of soil health. Due to their high input usage efficiencies, decreased use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, and enhanced soil resilience and quality in a changing climate, they might increase agricultural output and ecosystem sustainability. This review briefly overviews sustainable agriculture, its components, and the potential to achieving overall sustainability by integrating innovative agronomic approaches and practices to meet the increasing demands for food while preserving the environment.
Status of Alternaria Leaf Blotch on Apple under Kashmir Conditions
Authors: Dar Javeid Ahmad , Mir G.H. , Bhat Z.A , Bhat M.A , Padder S.A. , Ahmad Jamal
Published: August 2024

Alternarialeaf blotch (Alternaria maliRoberts) of apple is one of the major fungal diseases in all the apple growing regions of the world. Although the disease was previously of minor economic importance in Kashmir valley, it has now attained the status of one of the major diseases of apple.The frequent epidemics of Alternaria leaf blotch have been witnessed in Kashmir, inflicting heavy losses. As most of the commercial apple cultivars are susceptible to this disease, orchardists mainly rely on frequent fungicide applications for its management. Four districts of the valley viz., Pulwama, Kulgam, Shopian and Srinagar were surveyed to record the status of Alternaria leaf blotch disease of apple. The disease was prevalent in all the districts surveyed with an overall disease incidence and intensity of 55.59 and 33.16, respectively. The highest disease incidence and intensity were recorded in district Kulgam and least in district Shopian. What is the significance of your research (our significance is to record the disease incidence and intensity of major apple growing belts of jammu and Kashmir because maximum apple growers are unnable to manage the disease from last six years moreover in this study we observed were growers are lacking to controll disease ? Did you try to suggest a means of solving this problem (yes sir in this study we observed that why most of the apple growers are unable to manage this major foliar disease? What is the contribution of your research to knowledge in Science? (our contribution of research in science is to provide the management capsule for controlling Alternaria leaf blotch of apple.
Did the elephant and giraffe mediate change in the prevalence of palatable species in an East AfricanAcaciawoodland?
Authors: Strauss Megan K. L. , Packer Craig
Published: December 2014

We report on a 2009 survey ofAcaciawoodlands in the Seronera area of central Serengeti, Tanzania, and compare the results to previous surveys from the 1970s–1980s. We document a substantial change in woodland structure and composition. From 1978 to 2009, woody plant density (mean ± SD) declined from 255 ± 35 trees ha−1to 147 ± 14 trees ha−1. Canopy cover declined from 15.1 ± 1.9% to 5.7 ± 0.6%. Canopy volume declined from 1810 ± 207 m3ha−1to 1410 ± 121 m3ha−1. A 19% increase in the relative canopy volume ofAcacia robusta, a species avoided by the giraffe, represents a sharp decline in the quality of the giraffe's food supply, which was last comprehensively assessed in 1978. We examine these changes in the context of Pellew's 1983 woodland dynamics model describing the impacts of elephant, giraffe and fire on anAcacia tortilistree population and determine that our data are qualitatively consistent with this model. We hypothesize that selective elephant and giraffe browsing has contributed to an increase in the relative dominance of unpalatable species, consistent with Pellew's predictions.
Introduction & overview
Authors: Archibald Zosia
Published: December 2014

The three most recent issues of Archaeology in Greece have looked at the preliminary data that has been published on the ‘remarkable decade’ of discoveries from all over Greece spanning the Athens Olympics of 2004. As this material has begun to be absorbed in summary form, and has been made available to readers via AGOnline, the range of chapters included in this issue of AG, which covers reports made available in 2013–2014, turns in a more consciously thematic direction.

This change of emphasis has also been enabled by a redesign of the format and style of AG. Our aim is to make the content more accessible, as well as easier to absorb. We hope that it will be more attractive, too. The Newsround section is an innovation intended to provide readers with a quick survey of important developments that are not otherwise referred to in other chapters of this year's copy. In her View from Greece, Catherine Morgan refers to a number of recent developments that we hope to cover in future editions of AG. These include conference reports and other publications on the Ionian and Aegean islands, and on the countryside of Attica. As contributors to AG, we hope that the selection of news items, alongside the thematic and regional reports, will give readers a clear idea of the range of new developments in Greek archaeological field research.
THE BATTLEFIELD OF METAPHYSICS:PERPETUAL PEACEREVISITED
Authors: LEBOVITZ ADAM
Published: December 2014

Basic questions about Kant's international theory remain unresolved, in part because the ambiguous language and sketchy blueprints given inPerpetual Peacelend themselves to a wide variety of interpretations. This essay proposes a novel solution for this difficulty: a careful reconsideration of the political concepts embedded in Kant's first philosophy. In the First Critique, the “Conflict of the Faculties,” and in particular his neglected essay “Perpetual Peace in Philosophy,” Kant repeatedly draws on the language of sovereignty, war, and international law, in order to describe how the critical philosophy will bring peace to what he terms the “battlefield of metaphysics.” The most striking feature of this program for “perpetual peace in philosophy” is that it does not end disagreement over ideas, but rather prevents it from becoming pathological by subjecting it to the “discipline” of critical reason. And I argue that Kant's proposal for global peace is precisely parallel: a sovereign world court that arbitrates decisively between states, while otherwise leaving them free to clash, compete, and disagree.
Complex Primary Human Cell Systems for Drug Discovery
Authors: Berg Ellen L. , O'Mahony Alison
Published: December 2014

Phenotypic or biofunctional assays play an important role in drug discovery by helping to bridge the gap between high-throughput, target-based screening assays used for compound identification and more physiologically relevant in vivo disease models used for preclinical development. We have developed a standardised panel of phenotypic assays using primary human cells and co-cultures that model tissue and disease biology for characterization of drug leads. Here we show application of these assays for characterisation of clinical stage kinase inhibitors for rheumatoid arthritis, the recently approved JAK kinase inhibitor, tofacitinib, and the SYK kinase inhibitor, fostamatinib. We demonstrate how profiling in this assay panel can relate to clinical effects, both efficacy and safety related.
Iridium(i) PNP complexes in the sp3C–H bond activation of methyl propanoate and related esters
Authors: Coetzee Jacorien , Eastham Graham R. , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Cole-Hamilton David J.
Published: December 2014

The utilisation of the PNP iridium pincer complex [Ir(PNP)(COE)][BF4] [PNP = 2,6-bis{(di-tert-butylphosphino)methyl}pyridine; COE = cyclooctene] in the sp3C–H activation of methyl propanoate and other related esters was explored.
Determination of heavy metals in marine sediments using MAME-GFAAS
Authors: Hernández-Martínez Ana M. , Padrón-Sanz Carolina , Torres Padrón M. Esther , Ferrera Zoraida Sosa , Santana Rodríguez Jose Juan
Published: December 2014

A new green method has been developed for the extraction of Ni, Cu, Cr, Pb and Cd from marine sediments using biodegradable mixed micelles as extractants and GF-AAS for their determination.
Synthesis of 10b-fluorinated analogues of protubonine A and its 11a-epimer via fluorocyclisation of tryptophan-containing dipeptides
Authors: Fujiwara Tomoya , Yasuda Hiroko , Nishimura Yushi , Nambu Hisanori , Yakura Takayuki
Published: December 2014

The 10b-fluorinated analogues of protubonine A and its 11a-epimer were synthesisedviafluorocyclisation of tryptophan-containing dipeptides withN-fluoro-2,4,6-trimethylpyridinium triflate.
The preparation and catalytic performance of graphene-reinforced ion-exchange resins
Authors: Li Yanan , Yu Fengping , He Wenjun , Yang Weimin
Published: December 2014

The structural and thermal stability of graphene-based polymer nanocomposites were improved with chemical bonded interaction of graphene within the polymer networks.
A regular rippled pattern formed by the molecular self-organization of polyvinylpyrrolidone encapsulated Ag nanoparticles: a high transmissive coating for efficiency enhancement of c-Si solar cells
Authors: Banerjee Sudarshana , Saha Ajoy K. , Show Bibhutibhushan , Ganguly Jhuma , Bhattacharyay Raghunath , Datta Swapan K. , Saha Hiranmay , Mukherjee Nillohit
Published: December 2014

Formation of PVP encapsulated Ag NPs with a regular rippled structure caused by molecular self organization is reported. Such pattern is supposed to act as an anti-reflection coating as well as plasmonic layer, for better light harvesting.
Chemically-driven “molecular logic circuit” based on osmium chromophore with a resettable multiple readout
Authors: Kumar Anup , Chhatwal Megha , Gupta Rinkoo D. , Awasthi Satish Kumar
Published: December 2014

Resettable molecular processing of inputs (Cu2+/H2O and F−/H+) to yield discriminating outputs and subsequent integration of logic circuits.
High rate capability supercapacitors assembled from wet-spun graphene films with a CaCO3 template
Authors: Huang Tieqi , Zheng Bingna , Liu Zheng , Kou Liang , Gao Chao
Published: December 2014

We fabricated continuous wrinkle-structured graphene film electrodes by a wet-spinning method.