bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Women and girls with heavy menstrual bleeding and inherited bleeding disorders: A call to action for the Haemophilia Treatment Centre Nurse
Authors: Guelcher Christine J. , Chase Jaime , Pollard Debra
Published: May 2020

Over the last several decades, the increasing focus on women with inherited bleeding disorders (WBD) has brought more patients into Haemophilia Treatment Centres (HTC) around the world. These women present with unique challenges including a significant risk of heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB). The influx of a new patient group has necessitated expansion of the services provided by the multi‐disciplinary team in HTCs. Nurses already play a central role in patient and family education within the HTC. As such, they are well positioned to participate in the development of adaptations within the HTC infrastructure to provide clinical care and education specifically for WBD. The nursing experts in HTCs should play an active role in outreach as well as providing education to WBD. Despite this supposition, review of the growing body of literature surrounding the topic of WBD is notable for a paucity of literature highlighting the role of the HTC nurse and potential impact on this, relatively new, but steadily increasing, patient population.
CMap analysis identifies Atractyloside as a potential drug candidate for type 2 diabetes based on integration of metabolomics and transcriptomics
Authors: Li Hailong , Shi Xiaodong , Jiang Hua , Kang Junren , Yu Miao , Li Qifei , Yu Kang , Chen Zhengju , Pan Hui , Chen Wei
Published: May 2020

Background

This research aimed at exploring the mechanisms of alterations of metabolites and pathways in T2D from the perspective of metabolomics and transcriptomics, as well as uncovering novel drug candidate for T2D treatment.

Methods

Metabolites in human plasma from 42 T2D patients and 45 non‐diabetic volunteers were detected by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometer (LC‐MS). Microarray dataset of the transcriptome was obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database was used to conduct pathway enrichment analysis. Connectivity Map (CMap) was employed to select potential drugs for T2D therapy. In vivo assay was performed to verify above findings. The protein expression levels of ME1, ME2 and MDH1 were detected by Western blot to determine the status of NAD/NADH cofactor system.

Results

In our study, differentially expressed metabolites were selected out between healthy samples and T2D samples with selection criteria P value < .05, |Fold Change| > 2, including N‐acetylglutamate and Malate. Genes set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed that 34 pathways were significantly enriched in T2D. Based on CMap analysis and animal experiments, Atractyloside was identified as a potential novel drug for T2D treatment via targeting ME1, ME2 and MDH1 and regulating the NAD/NADH cofactor system.

Conclusion

The present research revealed differentially expressed metabolites and genes, as well as significantly altered pathways in T2D via an integration of metabolomics, transcriptomics and CMap analysis. It was also demonstrated that comprehensive analysis based on metabolomics and transcriptomics was an effective approach for identification and verification of metabolic biomarkers and alternated pathways.
After Empire: The Breakup of the Soviet Military System
Authors: Zhou Luyang
Published: May 2020

This article examines an understudied topic: after imperial political sovereignty has ended, how does the empire's infrastructural power physically disintegrate along national lines. By tracing the breakup of the Soviet military establishment from 1992 to 1993, this article shows that physical dissolution is a multifaceted process that cannot be equated with political termination of an empire. Drawing on the Russian military newspaper Krasnaya Zvezda over 1992 and 1993, I identify three ways by which successor states exited the Soviet military system: (1) quitting, withdrawing from the Soviet military and establishing a national military from scratch; (2) partitioning, seizing the Soviet military's manpower and assets to establish a national military; (3) staying, maintaining a unified federative military opposed to the idea of developing national militaries. The tracing of these three paths shows that this trifurcation stemmed from the complicated combination of four factors of successor states: the existing capacity to maintain a national military, the security situation at the moment of independence, the expected availability of foreign aids, and the professional backgrounds of nationalist elites. This article concludes that physical disintegration is a process largely distinct from the political termination of empire, and therefore, ought to be carved out as a research area of empire study.
Weaning children from temporary tube feeding: Staff survey of knowledge and practices
Authors: Syrmis Maryanne , Frederiksen Nadine , Reilly Claire
Published: May 2020

Aim

To explore the understanding of and practices of health‐care workers in weaning children from feeding tubes.

Methods

An electronic survey of doctors, nurses, and allied health professionals at Children's Health Queensland obtained demographic information and awareness of various areas of tube feeding management particularly tube weaning.

Results

The 155 health‐care providers formed three well‐matched groups in terms of number and years of experience. Only 18 had formal training in tube weaning. Participants had high levels of knowledge regarding reasons for commencing and possible complications associated with tube feeding. However, health‐care providers generally were found to have limited to no knowledge of tube weaning practices. Nearly half of participants (46%) did not know the best time to plan for a tube wean and only 16 indicated that they or their work units documented tube exit plans, regardless of type of feeding tube, in children's medical charts. Time frames were rarely included as part of tube exit plans. Participants ranked medical stability and presence of a safe swallow most highly as important indicators for successful tube weaning. Multidisciplinary management was also identified as valuable. Tube weaning was predominately managed by children's primary health unit/service and largely involved a medical officer and dietician.

Conclusions

Poor awareness of tube weaning practices such as tube exit strategies may be impacting on the quality of care received by children who are tube fed. Future research should be directed towards developing and evaluating guidelines accompanied by educational resources to further advance tube weaning practices.
Feasibility, acceptability and affective consequences of at‐home sleep extension in young women with depressive symptoms: A pilot study
Authors: Casement Melynda D. , Livingston Nicholas R. , Allen Nicholas B. , Forbes Erika E.
Published: May 2020

Insufficient sleep is common in young adults and has meaningful consequences for daytime functioning, including increased sleepiness, affective disruption and depressive symptoms. This study provides a preliminary evaluation of the feasibility, acceptability and affective consequences of extended sleep opportunity in young women with insufficient sleep and depressive symptoms. Participants were 32 women, 18–22 years of age, who regularly obtained less than 8‐hr sleep/night and had daytime sleepiness and depressive symptoms at or above population averages. Participants were asked to maintain a sleep schedule of their typical duration for 7 days and were then randomly assigned to either extend sleep opportunity (ESO) by 90 min per night or maintain typical sleep opportunity (TSO), for the next 7 days. Sleep characteristics and daytime sleepiness were measured using continuous actigraphy and daily sleep diary, and affect, stress and depressive symptoms were assessed with daily and weekly questionnaires. Extended sleep opportunity increased sleep duration by over 1 hr, improved morning sleepiness and positive affect, and diminished anhedonia and depressive symptoms in study completers (n = 11 ESO, 11 TSO). However, 31.3% of participants (n = 10) were withdrawn from the study due to difficulty maintaining the sleep schedule. These results provide initial evidence that sleep extension is beneficial for young women who usually have inadequate sleep and mood disruption and can maintain a consistent sleep schedule. If extending sleep opportunity improves sleep, daytime sleepiness and affect in young adults who typically have insufficient sleep, it could broaden the range of interventions for sleep and mental wellness.
Volumetric analysis of small bowel motility in an unselected cohort of patients with Crohn’s disease
Authors: Dreja Julia , Ekberg Olle , Leander Peter , Månsson Sven , Ohlsson Bodil
Published: May 2020

Background

Quantified terminal ileal motility during magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) has been suggested to be used as a biomarker of Crohn's disease (CD). The aim of the present study was to evaluate this method in clinical practice.

Methods

Healthy volunteers and all consecutive patients referred to MRE during a 2‐year period were asked to participate and complete the Irritable Bowel Syndrome‐Symptom Severity Scale (IBS‐SSS) to assess gastrointestinal symptoms. Medical records were scrutinized, and motility indices (MIs) were calculated from MR images.

Key Results

Twenty‐two healthy controls and 134 examinations with CD were included (inclusion rate: 76.3%). Patients with CD had increased mural thickness of the terminal ileum, increased fecal calprotectin, and more symptoms than controls. Patients with active CD had increased mural thickness of ileum and terminal ileum, higher MR activity indices, and signs of inflammation in laboratory analyses, but similar symptoms, compared with inactive disease. After exclusion of sole colon disease (n = 13), MI inversely correlated with mural thickness in terminal ileum, and MI was lower in active disease versus controls in ileum (P = .019) and terminal ileum (P = .005), and versus inactive disease in terminal ileum (P = .044). The area under the curve of MI in terminal ileum was 0.736 for active CD against healthy controls (P = .002) and 0.682 for active against inactive CD (P = .001). MIs were similar in controls and inactive CD.

Conclusions and Interferences

MI reflects inflammatory activity in the intestine. Alterations in MI did not explain symptomatology in inactive CD, without measurable inflammatory parameters in morphology or laboratory analyses.
Short‐term caloric restriction induced bone loss in both axial and appendicular bones by increasing adiponectin
Authors: Zhu Junxiong , Liu Can , Jia Jialin , Zhang Chenggui , Yuan Wanqiong , Leng Huijie , Xu Yingsheng , Song Chunli
Published: May 2020

Caloric restriction (CR) is well described and has received extensive attention for its multiple benefits, including longevity and stress resistance. However, some studies have shown that CR negatively influences bone, although a mechanism hasn't been provided. Adiponectin, an adipocyte‐derived hormone, can affect bone metabolism by various pathways. To explore the role of adiponectin in short‐term CR on bone, we tested the effect of short‐term CR on limb bones (tibia and femur) and lumbar vertebral bodies of young C57BL/6 wild‐type (WT) and adiponectin‐deficient (Apn–/–) mice. Two dietary regimes, ad libitum (AL) and CR (70% of the AL diet), were used. Dietary restriction led to increased serum adiponectin in WT mice, while bone mineral density, bone microarchitecture, and biomechanical outcomes of limb bone and vertebrae were decreased. In contrast, bone length, microarchitecture, and biomechanical outcomes were not impaired after CR in Apn–/– mice. Furthermore, CR increased adiponectin expression both in white adipose tissue and bone marrow adipose tissue in young WT mice. Histology analysis showed that expansion of bone marrow adipose tissue after CR in Apn–/– mice was impaired compared with WT mice. These results suggest that increased adiponectin induced by short‐term CR may negatively influence bones.
Comparative Analysis between Short Stem and Conventional Femoral Stem in Patients with Osteonecrosis of Femoral Head: Metha Stem and Excia Stem
Authors: Kim Sung Soo , Kim Hyeon Jun , Kim Ki Woong , Jung Young Hun , Heo Si Young
Published: May 2020

Objective

To compare the intraoperative, radiological, and clinical short‐term outcomes of cementless total hip arthroplasties (THA) using a short stem (SS) and a conventional femoral stem (CS) in a randomized prospective control study.

Methods

From June 2011 to October 2017, patients who underwent cementless THA for idiopathic osteonecrosis of the femoral head were recruited. Patients had a minimum 2 years of follow‐up after the operation. The patients were divided into two groups: those who underwent THA using an SS and those who underwent THA using a CS. SS were used in 34 patients (41 hips) and CS were used in 41 patients (45 hips). In both groups, the same cup was used in all cases, and the mean follow‐up periods were 63 (26–101) months in the SS and 64 (26–101) months in the CS groups. Intraoperative, clinical, and radiological evaluations were performed for the two groups.

Results

There was no difference in the demographics of the two groups. There was one patient with a proximal femoral crack in the SS group and one with a distal femoral crack in the CS group. Clinically, the mean Harris hip score was improved in both groups at 2‐year follow‐up. Radiographically endosteal osseointegrations were found in 40 of 41 cases in the SS group and in 44 of 45 cases in the CS group. There was one case of dislocation in each group. In the SS group, the acetabular cup was changed and repositioned 7 months after the initial operation. Stem loosening, infection, ceramic breakage, and varus/valgus change were not observed. There was a statistically significant lower stress shielding effect in the SS group. There were no differences in vertical/parallel offset and leg length discrepancy.

Conclusion

The intraoperative, radiological, and clinical evaluations in both groups showed good outcomes and there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups.
Simple differential entrainment screens ablation strategy for slow‐fast atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia
Authors: Iizuka Takashi , Nakajima Tadashi , Tamura Shuntaro , Hasegawa Hiroshi , Kobari Takashi , Nakahara Shiro , Kurabayashi Masahiko , Kaneko Yoshiaki
Published: May 2020

Background

Ablation of slow‐fast atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (S/F‐AVNRT) is occasionally refractory. We hypothesized that the site of ablation for curing S/F‐AVNRT can be screened by simple differential atrial entrainment pacing (EP) from the high right atrium (HRA) and proximal coronary sinus (prox‐CS).

Methods

We enrolled 43 patients with S/F‐AVNRT who underwent successful differential atrial EP followed by successful ablation of slow pathway (SP) using step‐wise approach, and compared the atrio‐His (A‐H) interval at the recording of His bundle immediately after EP from the HRA [A‐H(HRA)], with the interval between atrial deflection at the prox‐CS and His bundle electrogram after EP at an identical cycle length from the prox‐CS [A‐H (prox‐CS)].

Results

A typical A‐H(CS) shorter than A‐H(HRA), consistent with typical SP conduction, was observed in 39 patients (91%), and an atypical A‐H(HRA) shorter than A‐H(CS) was observed in 4 patients (9%). Successful ablation was obtained at the posteroseptum/midseptum in 32/7 patients with typical responses but only at the midseptum in all 4 patients with atypical responses (P = .0027). The atypical responses predicted a necessity for ablation at the midseptum, with positive and negative predictive values of 100% and 82%, respectively. The mechanism of an atypical response remains unclear but may involve an anatomical variation of Koch's triangle and/or the participation of a variant of the SP, including the superior SP, over which retrograde conduction was observed more frequently in patients with atypical responses (P = .0013).

Conclusions

Differential atrial EP predicts the ablation site for successfully curing S/F‐AVNRT.
Extraforaminal Cervical Selective Nerve Root Block‐Description of a Posterolateral Approach With Cone Beam–Based CT Guidance
Authors: Reddy Shawn , Wu Jiang
Published: May 2020

Background

Cervical selective nerve root blocks (C‐SNRBs) maintain utility for presurgical planning in patients with cervical radiculopathy. Traditional fluoroscopic or stationary computed tomography (CT)‐guided methods have been associated with complications, including catastrophic neurologic insults, while ultrasound guidance has been investigated based on its theoretical advantages. Maximizing patient safety by obtaining superior anatomic and procedural details promotes the exploration for better alternative guidance.

Methods

We describe a novel approach of posterolateral (PL) extraforaminal (EF) C4 SNRB using cone beam–based CT (CBCT)/fluoroscopy, which was performed on 3 separate occasions for 1 patient with suspected right C4 radiculopathy for presurgical evaluation. CBCT/fluoroscopy uniquely provides the function of both CT and fluoroscopy using a C‐arm machine. It allows precise 3‐dimensional needle planning and sophisticated 2‐dimensional needle guidance, while ensuring tight needle control and detailed monitoring of contrast spread.

Results

A successful right C4 SNRB was repeatedly achieved, as evidenced by postprocedural paresthesias over the C4 dermatomal distribution and periradicular contrast spread. Additionally, the patient reported symptomatic relief (with regard to pain scores and neck range of motion), leading to cancelation of his surgical plan.

Conclusion

We propose the PL‐EF approach as the safest protocol for C‐SNRBs. When compared with fluoroscopy or CT, CBCT/fluoroscopy is an advanced imaging system that provides superior anatomic neurovascular detail, while offering precise needle control, contrast media monitoring, and easy operation in an office setting. These advanced features support it as the ideal guidance method for maximizing both the safety and efficiency of the PL‐EF C‐SNRB approach. However, the claimed advantages cannot be concluded without increasing its accessibility to pain specialists and conducting a prospective study with a large sample size.
Epidemiology of marine gill diseases in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) aquaculture: a review
Authors: Boerlage Annette S. , Ashby Angela , Herrero Ana , Reeves Aaron , Gunn George J. , Rodger Hamish D.
Published: May 2020

Gill disease of farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in the marine environment has emerged as a significant problem for the salmon aquaculture industry. Different types of marine salmon gill disease reported include amoebic gill disease (AGD), parasitic gill disease, viral gill disease, bacterial gill disease, zooplankton (cnidarian nematocyst)‐associated gill disease, harmful algal gill disease and chemical/toxin‐associated gill disease. The term ‘multifactorial gill disease’ is used when multiple distinguishable types of disease (as opposed to an obvious single primary type) are present. When gill disease is non‐specific, it is referred to as ‘complex gill disease’ (CGD) or ‘complex gill disorder’. These two terms are often used interchangeably and are overlapping. The significance of many infectious and non‐infectious agents that may be associated with CGD is often unclear. In this review, we summarise aspects of the different types of gill disease that are relevant to the epidemiology of gill disease and of CGD in particular. We also tabulate simultaneously occurring putative pathogens to explore the multifactorial nature of gill disease.
Identification of four new HLA alleles, HLA‐B*40:455, ‐C*03:521, ‐C*03:04:81 and ‐DQB1*03:431
Authors: Balas Antonio , Moreno‐Hidalgo Miguel A. , Alenda Raquel , García‐Sánchez Félix , Vicario José L.
Published: May 2020

Four new HLA alleles characterized by NGS, B*40:455, C*03:521, C*03:04:81 and DQB1*03:431.
Are different motivations and social capital score associated with return behaviour among Brazilian voluntary non‐remunerated blood donors?
Authors: Estrada Fernanda G. M. D. , Oliveira Claudia D. L. , Sabino Ester C. , Custer Brian , Gonçalez Thelma T. , Murphy Edward L. , Teles Dahra , Mendrone‐Junior Alfredo , Witkin Steve S. , de Almeida‐Neto Cesar
Published: May 2020

Background

We examined the association between social capital score, motivator factors and demographic and donation characteristics and donor return at three Brazilian blood centres in Recife, São Paulo and Belo Horizonte.

Material and methods

A total of 5974 donors were interviewed about motivation factors to donate and cognitive and structural social capital just before an effective donation in three Brazilians blood centres in 2009. We assessed the return to a new donation within 2 years for each of these donors. Demographic and donation characteristics, motivators and scores of social capital and their association with donors' return were assessed.

Results

Overall, 3123 (52.3%) of the study subjects returned for a blood donation at least once. Predictors of donors' return were male gender (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.6, 1.3‐1.9, for replacement and AOR = 1.3, 1.2‐1.6, for community donors), previous donation (AOR = 2.7, 2.3‐3.3, for replacement and AOR = 2.9, 2.5‐3.5, for community donors) and high altruism (AOR = 1.3, 1.1‐1.7, for replacement and AOR = 1.2, 1.0‐1.5, for community donors). Altruism was the only motivator associated with return behaviour. Donors from Recife and São Paulo were more likely to return for replacement and/or for community donations than donors from Belo Horizonte. There was no association between social capital score and donor return behaviour.

Conclusion

The likelihood to return for a subsequent blood donation is dependent upon characteristics of individual donors and also varies in different regions of Brazil. However, social capital was not associated with the likelihood of return behaviour. A better understanding of altruistic categories and appeals may help to improve donor recruitment and retention.
Report on the 19th International Society of Blood Transfusion Platelet Immunology Workshop 2018
Authors: Lewin Antoine , Al Khan Shadhiya , Beaudin Lynnette , Meilleur Lynne , Clarke Gwen , Richard Lucie
Published: May 2020

Background and objectives

The aims of the 19th International Society of Blood Transfusion Platelet Immunology Workshop were to compare the sensitivity and specificity of in‐house and commercially available methods for the detection of alloantibodies against human platelet antigens. Survey regarding laboratory management of samples collected for the diagnosis of foetal neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia was also conducted.

Materials and methods

Twenty‐nine laboratories from 17 countries were invited to participate. Seven serum or plasma samples for antibody identification and eight DNA samples for genotyping were sent to participating laboratories. Additionally, samples, critical reagents, materials and instructions for three exercises, one using a commercial kit (Pak Lx), one on platelet preparation for the detection of anti‐HPA‐3 antibodies and one for testing four anti‐CD109 monoclonal antibodies for anti‐HPA‐15 antibody detection, were provided.

Results

Anti‐HPA‐1a, anti‐HPA‐2b, anti‐HPA‐5b and anti‐GPIV were detected by the majority of the 28 reporting laboratories using their respective in‐house MAIPA assay and/or a commercially available assay. Conversely, very few laboratories correctly identified anti‐HPA‐3a and HPA‐15b. DNA genotyping of HPA and HLA alleles was highly accurate, with just a few discrepancies relative to the expected results. The Pak Lx kit has proven reliable for detecting anti‐HPA‐1a, anti‐HPA‐5a and anti‐HLA; however, it failed at identifying an anti‐HPA‐3a in a clinical sample.

Conclusions

Some anti‐platelet alloantibodies are reliably and consistently detected, yet others remain difficult to detect. Genotyping of HPA and HLA alleles has proven to be highly accurate and robust. Future work should focus on optimizing the detection of anti‐HPA‐3 and anti‐HPA‐15 antibodies.
Teacher’s Personality as One of the Possible Factors of Perception of the Subject: the Example of Science
Authors: Kubiatko Milan , Rovňanová Lenka
Published: May 2020

The goal of the research survey was to determine whether the teacher represents one of the possible factors which influence the perception of the subject (attitude to it) using the example of Science among lower-secondary students. In the research survey, 261 students of the 9th grade participated. To fulfil the goals of the research survey a questionnaire with interval questions based on Lickert scaling was used. To determine the influence of the teacher on the perception of Science among lower-secondary students—ISCED 2—analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was employed. As independent variables, items from the demographic section of the research tool were used (gender, residence, the number of Science teachers the student had and gender of the current teacher). As the dependent variable, average scores in the questionnaire items for individual groups were used in this case. The average score in the items related to the opinion on the teacher served as a covariate. From the results of the study, it is evident that the teacher’s personality influences the perception of the subject. After filtering out the influence of the teacher, the difference in gender and residence of the student didn’t prove as significant. A significant difference could be identified in the number of Science teachers the student had and the gender of the teacher who taught the students during the realisation of the research survey. In the final part implications for teaching practice and further possibilities of the research concerning this topic are provided.
Regulación en contabilidad y gobierno corporativo en la financiarización de empresas de interés público en Colombia
Authors: Pardo López Steven , Peña Cortés Ángela Rocío
Published: May 2020

Este documento explora el rol que han desempeñado los cambios en regulación contable y gobierno corporativo –GC– en el posicionamiento de la concepción financiera de empresa en organizaciones de interés público en Colombia. Se aplicó el análisis crítico del discurso a informes emitidos por empresas de interés público y a artículos de prensa de importantes medios nacionales, para el periodo 2010-2015. El análisis evaluó el rol asignado a la contabilidad y al GC en la evolución de tres elementos determinantes de las relaciones entre los agentes organizacionales: la legitimación del inversionista, la generación de valor y la gestión financiera. Se concluye que las modernizaciones contables y de GC han articulado de manera disociada las dimensiones organizacional e institucional de las empresas de la muestra. Mientras la primera dimensión se acerca a la concepción orgánica de empresa, la segunda se orienta a la concepción financiera.
Análise dos ciclos de vida dos sistemas de avaliação de desempenho: características, funções e processos
Authors: Dos Santos Matos Lucas , Rolim Ensslin Sandra , Ensslin Leonardo
Published: May 2020

O presente estudo tem por objetivo desenvolver um mapa conceitual sobre o ciclo de vida dos sistemas de avaliação de desempenho, apontando as características, funções e processos de cada uma de suas fases. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória e descritiva, de natureza teórica e qualitativa. Foi realizada uma revisão de literatura composta por 30 artigos representativos da temática de avaliação de desempenho. Os artigos foram selecionados aplicando a metodologia ProKnow-C. Os resultados encontrados evidenciam a preocupação dos estudos da área em desenvolver estruturas de sistemas de avaliação que possam ser generalizados. Igualmente, são relevantes os aspectos relacionados à importância do uso de ferramentas de avaliação de desempenho como apoio gerencial. Entretanto, fica evidenciada a lacuna existente referente a estudos sobre o estágio de implementação e, principalmente, sobre a revisão dos sistemas. Estes assuntos recebem menor volume de pesquisas e carecem de fundamentos para a sua consolidação.
Práticas de Gerenciamento de Impressões em empresas de capital aberto do setor elétrico brasileiro
Authors: Pereira de Andrade Jefferson , Lopes Lucena Wenner Glaucio
Published: May 2020

O presente estudo tem como objetivo verificar a influência do resultado contábil no uso de técnicas de gerenciamento de impressão nos relatórios da administração de empresas brasileiras do subsetor de energia elétrica. Para isso foram investigadas 18 empresas de capital aberto entre 2012 e 2016, utilizando-se Análise de Regressão Simples e da Análise Fatorial Confirmatória. Os resultados demonstraram indícios de manipulação visual, uma vez que as empresas aumentam o número de elementos visuais, em períodos de baixo desempenho financeiro. Também foi possível perceber uma maior frequência de palavras positivas em períodos de baixo desempenho, o que sugere que as empresas do setor energia elétrica utilizam-se de técnicas de gerenciamento de impressões no conteúdo de seus relatórios, por meio de alterações na redação texto de modo influenciar a decisão dos investidores que se baseiam nesse relatório.
California Streamin’: Developing an Integrated Social Media Strategy to Attract Fans to a New Streaming App
Authors: Ingerson Lynley , Naraine Michael L. , Agha Nola , Pedroza Daniel J.
Published: May 2020

Laurie Spinks is the Director of Social Engagement at NBC Sports Bay Area. She has been instrumental in developing strategies for social media platforms across a number of different sports, and must now develop a social media strategy which drives fans towards a new app. NBC Sports created the My Teams app to counter cord-cutting and allow sport fans to stream live games of their favorite local teams on their mobile devices. Prior to the launch of the app in the Bay Area, Spinks will meet with her team to formulate a social media strategy which supports the new app. This case explores some of the elements that contribute to the development of a social media marketing strategy for the NBC Sports My Teams app. In particular, the strategy focuses on targeting the San Francisco Bay Area sport audience by identifying and developing social media objectives, creating an audience profile for app usage, and implementing appropriate strategies to support objectives and attract the desired audience.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Cervical Pathology Following a Sport-Related Concussion: A Critically Appraised Topic
Authors: Cheever Kelly M. , McDevitt Jane , Phillips Jacqueline
Published: May 2020

Focused Clinical Question: In concussed patients, are signs and symptoms of cervical dysfunction a cause for delayed symptom resolution and return to play? Clinical Bottom Line: Based on the results of this Critically Appraised Topic, there is some evidence to suggest that the presence of cervical symptoms and cervical dysfunction following sport-related concussion elevates a patient’s risk of delayed recovery and return to play.
Sprint Endurance Abilities in Elite Female Soccer Players
Authors: Castagna Carlo , D’Ottavio Stefano , Gabrielli Paolo Roberto , Póvoas Susana
Published: May 2020

Purpose: To profile sprint endurance performance of elite-level female soccer players. Methods: Twenty-five female national-team soccer players (age 25.1 [2.7] y, body mass 59.6 [3.6] kg, height 168.5 [4.1] cm) were tested for sprint endurance, performing 5 maximal sprints, interspersed with 30 seconds of active recovery (5 × 30 m) and a 30-second all-out shuttle run in a soccer pitch. The Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test level 1 (YYIR1) evaluated intermittent high-intensity endurance under the same field-testing conditions. Maximal anaerobic capacity was assessed while participants performed three 10-second all-out bouts separated by 20 seconds of passive recovery (3 × 10 s) on a nonmotorized treadmill. Results: Huge interplayer variability was observed for sprint decrements in 3 × 10 seconds (coefficient of variation = 37%) and 5 × 30 m (coefficient of variation = 62%). The 3 × 10 performance was largely associated with 5 × 30-m mean and best time and very largely with 30 seconds. A very large and nearly perfect correlation was observed between 30 seconds and 5 × 30 mMean (r = −.86) and 5 × 30 mBest (r = −.92), respectively. The YYIR1 was moderately to largely associated with 5 × 30-m variables and 30 seconds, respectively. A nearly perfect association was observed between 5 × 30 mBest and 5 × 30 mMean (r = .97). Conclusions: Elite female soccer players’ sprint endurance variables are characterized by remarkable variability. Associations between sprint endurance variables suggest physiological interdependence and a likelihood of a general ability in sustaining sprinting in this population.
Mre11 exonuclease activity removes the chain-terminating nucleoside analog gemcitabine from the nascent strand during DNA replication
Authors: Boeckemeier L. , Kraehenbuehl R. , Keszthelyi A. , Gasasira M. U. , Vernon E. G. , Beardmore R. , Vågbø C. B. , Chaplin D. , Gollins S. , Krokan H. E. , Lambert S. A. E. , Paizs B. , Hartsuiker E.
Published: May 2020

Mre11 exonuclease activity removes gemcitabine from the nascent strand during DNA replication.
Reducing the aerosol forcing uncertainty using observational constraints on warm rain processes
Authors: Mülmenstädt Johannes , Nam Christine , Salzmann Marc , Kretzschmar Jan , L’Ecuyer Tristan S. , Lohmann Ulrike , Ma Po-Lun , Myhre Gunnar , Neubauer David , Stier Philip , Suzuki Kentaroh , Wang Minghuai , Quaas Johannes
Published: May 2020

Observations of cloud processes can reduce aerosol forcing uncertainty by constraining parameterizations in climate models.
A versatile depigmentation, clearing, and labeling method for exploring nervous system diversity
Authors: Pende Marko , Vadiwala Karim , Schmidbaur Hannah , Stockinger Alexander W. , Murawala Prayag , Saghafi Saiedeh , Dekens Marcus P. S. , Becker Klaus , Revilla-i-Domingo Roger , Papadopoulos Sofia-Christina , Zurl Martin , Pasierbek Pawel , Simakov Oleg , Tanaka Elly M. , Raible Florian , Dodt Hans-Ulrich
Published: May 2020

A tailored protocol combines pigment removal with clearing, facilitating labeling and whole-body imaging across phylogeny.
Sequentially addressable dielectrophoretic array for high-throughput sorting of large-volume biological compartments
Authors: Isozaki A. , Nakagawa Y. , Loo M. H. , Shibata Y. , Tanaka N. , Setyaningrum D. L. , Park J.-W. , Shirasaki Y. , Mikami H. , Huang D. , Tsoi H. , Riche C. T. , Ota T. , Miwa H. , Kanda Y. , Ito T. , Yamada K. , Iwata O. , Suzuki K. , Ohnuki S. , Ohya Y. , Kato Y. , Hasunuma T. , Matsusaka S. , Yamagishi M. , Yazawa M. , Uemura S. , Nagasawa K. , Watarai H. , Di Carlo D. , Goda K.
Published: May 2020

High-throughput large-droplet sorting is demonstrated by an array of sequentially addressable dielectrophoretic sources.
M-LoCUS: A Scalable Intervention Enhances Growth Mindset and Internal Locus of Control in Undergraduate Students in STEM
Authors: Nallapothula Dhiraj , Lozano Jennifer Berdan , Han Selina , Herrera Carlos , Sayson Hannah Whang , Levis-Fitzgerald Marc , Maloy Jeffrey
Published: May 2020

Student self-beliefs regarding intelligence and ability have been shown to correspond to achievement and persistence in an academic domain. Specifically, previous research has suggested that a growth mindset—or the belief that intelligence is malleable and can increase with effort—is associated with student success. Locus of control is a related but distinct self-belief regarding personal agency over various academic and nonacademic outcomes and has also been associated with study skills and academic persistence. However, academic interventions targeting student mindsets and loci of control have remained relatively underexplored, specifically in the context of undergraduate STEM education. Here, we describe the development and assessment of an intervention encouraging students to adopt a growth mindset and internal locus of control. This five-part intervention is administered entirely online and is therefore independent of individual instructor variability. We administered the intervention in five introductory biology courses and show that the intervention was successful in impacting student mindsets and loci of control across various demographics.
Fear of the CURE: A Beginner’s Guide to Overcoming Barriers in Creating a Course-Based Undergraduate Research Experience
Authors: Govindan Brinda , Pickett Sarah , Riggs Blake
Published: May 2020

Over the past decade, growing evidence has shown that there are many benefits to undergraduate students engaging in scientific research, including increased persistence in pursuing STEM careers and successful outcomes in graduate study. With these benefits in mind, there has been a significant push toward providing research opportunities for students in STEM majors. To address this need, an increasing number of undergraduate courses have been developed to provide students with research experiences in a class setting, also known as course-based undergraduate research experiences, or CUREs. Despite the growing success of these courses, a number of barriers remain that deter faculty from developing and implementing CUREs. Here, we will review the perceived challenges of developing a CURE and provide practical strategies to overcome these challenges.
Efficient preservation of young terrestrial organic carbon in sandy turbidity-current deposits
Authors: Hage S. , Galy V.V. , Cartigny M.J.B. , Acikalin S. , Clare M.A. , Gröcke D.R. , Hilton R.G. , Hunt J.E. , Lintern D.G. , McGhee C.A. , Parsons D.R. , Stacey C.D. , Sumner E.J. , Talling P.J.
Published: May 2020

Burial of terrestrial biospheric particulate organic carbon in marine sediments removes CO2 from the atmosphere, regulating climate over geologic time scales. Rivers deliver terrestrial organic carbon to the sea, while turbidity currents transport river sediment further offshore. Previous studies have suggested that most organic carbon resides in muddy marine sediment. However, turbidity currents can carry a significant component of coarser sediment, which is commonly assumed to be organic carbon poor. Here, using data from a Canadian fjord, we show that young woody debris can be rapidly buried in sandy layers of turbidity current deposits (turbidites). These layers have organic carbon contents 10× higher than the overlying mud layer, and overall, woody debris makes up >70% of the organic carbon preserved in the deposits. Burial of woody debris in sands overlain by mud caps reduces their exposure to oxygen, increasing organic carbon burial efficiency. Sandy turbidity current channels are common in fjords and the deep sea; hence we suggest that previous global organic carbon burial budgets may have been underestimated.
Spatial and spatio-temporal statistical analyses of retinal images: a review of methods and applications
Authors: Zhu Wenyue , Kolamunnage-Dona Ruwanthi , Zheng Yalin , Harding Simon , Czanner Gabriela
Published: May 2020

Background

Clinical research and management of retinal diseases greatly depend on the interpretation of retinal images and often longitudinally collected images. Retinal images provide context for spatial data, namely the location of specific pathologies within the retina. Longitudinally collected images can show how clinical events at one point can affect the retina over time. In this review, we aimed to assess statistical approaches to spatial and spatio-temporal data in retinal images. We also review the spatio-temporal modelling approaches used in other medical image types.

Methods

We conducted a comprehensive literature review of both spatial or spatio-temporal approaches and non-spatial approaches to the statistical analysis of retinal images. The key methodological and clinical characteristics of published papers were extracted. We also investigated whether clinical variables and spatial correlation were accounted for in the analysis.

Results

Thirty-four papers that included retinal imaging data were identified for full-text information extraction. Only 11 (32.4%) papers used spatial or spatio-temporal statistical methods to analyse images, others (23 papers, 67.6%) used non-spatial methods. Twenty-eight (82.4%) papers reported images collected cross-sectionally, while 6 (17.6%) papers reported analyses on images collected longitudinally. In imaging areas outside of ophthalmology, 19 papers were identified with spatio-temporal analysis, and multiple statistical methods were recorded.

Conclusions

In future statistical analyses of retinal images, it will be beneficial to clearly define and report the spatial distributions studied, report the spatial correlations, combine imaging data with clinical variables into analysis if available, and clearly state the software or packages used.
Extreme neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia in refugee and migrant populations: retrospective cohort
Authors: Wouda Eva Maria Nadine , Thielemans Laurence , Darakamon Mue Chae , Nge Aye Aye , Say Wah , Khing Sanda , Hanboonkunupakarn Borimas , Ngerseng Thatsanun , Landier Jordi , van Rheenen Patrick Ferry , Turner Claudia , Nosten Francois , McGready Rose , Carrara Verena Ilona
Published: May 2020

Objective

To describe neonatal survival and long-term neurological outcome in neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia (NH) with extreme serum bilirubin (SBR) values.

Design

Retrospective chart review, a one-off neurodevelopmental evaluation.

Setting

Special care baby unit in a refugee camp and clinics for migrant populations at the Thailand–Myanmar border with phototherapy facilities but limited access to exchange transfusion (ET).

Patients

Neonates ≥28 weeks of gestational age with extreme SBR values and/or acute neurological symptoms, neurodevelopment evaluation conducted at 23–97 months of age.

Main outcome measures

Neonatal mortality rate, prevalence of acute bilirubin encephalopathy (ABE) signs, prevalence of delayed development scores based on the Griffiths Mental Development Scale (GMDS).

Results

From 2009 to 2014, 1946 neonates were diagnosed with jaundice; 129 (6.6%) had extreme SBR values during NH (extreme NH). In this group, the median peak SBR was 430 (IQR 371–487) µmol/L and the prevalence of ABE was 28.2%. Extreme NH-related mortality was 10.9% (14/129). Median percentile GMDS general score of 37 survivors of extreme NH was poor: 11 (2–42). ‘Performance’, ‘practical reasoning’ and ‘hearing and language’ domains were most affected. Four (10.8%) extreme NH survivors had normal development scores (≥50th centile). Two (5.4%) developed the most severe form of kernicterus spectrum disorders.

Conclusion

In this limited-resource setting, poor neonatal survival and neurodevelopmental outcomes, after extreme NH, were high. Early identification and adequate treatment of NH where ET is not readily available are key to minimising the risk of extreme SBR values or neurological symptoms.
Diuretics and heart failure: 10 things you need to know
Authors: Laver Alex , Dickson Dave
Published: May 2020

Background: Diuretics are the cornerstone of heart failure therapy in veterinary medicine, yet their use can cause confusion and concern in practice. To gather material for this article, the authors asked their peers what they most wanted to know about the diagnosis and treatment of congestive heart failure (CHF).

Aim of the article: This article aims to answer some of the most common questions about the use of diuretics in the treatment of CHF.
Monitoring congestive heart failure
Authors: Hezzell Melanie
Published: May 2020

Background: Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a clinical syndrome that is commonly encountered in small animal practice. It is characterised by the accumulation of fluid as a result of severe heart disease. This fluid accumulation manifests as pulmonary oedema in left‐sided CHF and as cavitary effusions (pleural, pericardial and ascites) in right‐sided CHF. The clinical consequences of both CHF itself and its medical management can have a significant impact on a patient's welfare; appropriate monitoring is therefore crucial to maintaining a good quality of life.

Aim of the article: This article reviews the goals of monitoring CHF and discusses the methods available in veterinary practice.
Gene of the month: the 2019-nCoV/SARS-CoV-2 novel coronavirus spike protein
Authors: Pillay Tahir S
Published: May 2020

The year 2020 has seen a major and sustained outbreak of a novel betacoronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-coronavirus (CoV)-2) infection that causes fever, severe respiratory illness and pneumonia, a disease called COVID-19. At the time of writing, the death toll was greater than 120 000 worldwide with more than 2 million documented infections. The genome of the CoV encodes a number of structural proteins that facilitate cellular entry and assembly of virions, of which the spike protein S appears to be critical for cellular entry. The spike protein guides the virus to attach to the host cell. The spike protein contains a receptor-binding domain (RBD), a fusion domain and a transmembrane domain. The RBD of spike protein S binds to Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) to initiate cellular entry. The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 shows more than 90% amino acid similarity to the pangolin and bat CoVs and these also use ACE2 as a receptor. Binding of the spike protein to ACE2 exposes the cleavage sites to cellular proteases. Cleavage of the spike protein by transmembrane protease serine 2 and other cellular proteases initiates fusion and endocytosis. The spike protein contains an addition furin cleavage site that may allow it to be ‘preactivated’ and highly infectious after replication. The fundamental role of the spike protein in infectivity suggests that it is an important target for vaccine development, blocking therapy with antibodies and diagnostic antigen-based tests. This review briefly outlines the structure and function of the 2019 novel CoV/SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S.
In situ hybridisation for albumin RNA in paediatric liver cancers compared with common immunohistochemical markers
Authors: Chen Diane Ann , Koehne de Gonzalez Anne , Fazlollahi Ladan , Coffey Amy , Remotti Helen E. , Lagana Stephen M.
Published: May 2020

Aims

In situ hybridisation (ISH) for albumin mRNA is a sensitive marker of primary liver tumours in adults. However, paediatric tumours, such as hepatoblastoma (HB) and fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (FLC), have not been tested thoroughly and may require ancillary tests to diagnose with confidence. We aim to determine if albumin ISH is useful in the pathological evaluation of these malignancies and to compare it to commonly used immunohistochemical markers HepPar 1 (HEPA) and arginase-1 (ARG).

Methods

Tissue microarrays of 26 HB and 10 FLC were constructed. Controls included 4 embryonal undifferentiated sarcomas of the liver, 51 neuroblastomas and 64 Wilms tumours. We evaluated a commercially available RNA ISH to detect albumin mRNA. Immunohistochemistry for HEPA and ARG was performed in the usual fashion.

Results

Twenty-six of 26 HB showed positive staining by albumin ISH including 14 fetal, 8 embryonal and 4 mixed variants. All 10 FLC were diffusely positive. The sensitivity and specificity of albumin ISH were 100% for HB and FLC. ARG had 100% sensitivity and specificity for HB (26 of 26 cases) and FLC (9 of 9). HEPA stained 22 of 26 HB (85% sensitivity, 99.2% specificity) and 7 of 9 FLC (78% sensitivity, 99.1% specificity).

Conclusion

Albumin RNA ISH is a useful test to determine hepatocytic origin in HB and FLC. ARG was equally sensitive and easy to interpret, while HEPA was inferior to both in HB and FLC.