bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sociology of Low Expectations
Authors: Gardner John , Samuel Gabrielle , Williams Clare
Published: May 2015

Social scientists have drawn attention to the role of hype and optimistic visions of the future in providing momentum to biomedical innovation projects by encouraging innovation alliances. In this article, we show how less optimistic, uncertain, and modest visions of the future can also provide innovation projects with momentum. Scholars have highlighted the need for clinicians to carefully manage the expectations of their prospective patients. Using the example of a pioneering clinical team providing deep brain stimulation to children and young people with movement disorders, we show how clinicians confront this requirement by drawing on their professional knowledge and clinical expertise to construct visions of the future with their prospective patients; visions which are personalized, modest, and tainted with uncertainty. We refer to this vision-constructing work as recalibration, and we argue that recalibration enables clinicians to manage the tension between the highly optimistic and hyped visions of the future that surround novel biomedical interventions, and the exigencies of delivering those interventions in a clinical setting. Drawing on work from science and technology studies, we suggest that recalibration enrolls patients in an innovation alliance by creating a shared understanding of how the “effectiveness” of an innovation shall be judged.
Gradual Retirement in the Netherlands
Authors: Bloemen Hans , Hochguertel Stefan , Zweerink Jochem
Published: May 2015

Gradual retirement by which individuals leave their career jobs and withdraw incrementally from the labor force is an important empirical phenomenon in the United States. We analyze the current state of gradual retirement in the Netherlands using administrative data that allow much more precise tracking of labor market transitions than most survey panel data. We estimate multinomial transition models, taking into account competing pathways out of career employment at older ages, and discuss institutional aspects that limit the scope of gradual retirement, such as financial incentives to retire early.
The interplay and effectiveness of implicit and explicit avoidant defenses
Authors: Marks Michael J. , Vicary Amanda M.
Published: May 2015

Individuals high on attachment avoidance are uncomfortable with thoughts of separation and loss. The goal of this research is to answer questions about the efficacy and interplay of the explicit (conscious) and implicit (preconscious) components of mental defenses designed to avoid uncomfortable thoughts. We manipulated the presence of subliminal attachment threat primes and participants’ awareness of those primes. While undergoing condition-specific threat manipulations, participants completed measures designed to measure attachment system activation. Avoidant participants who were aware of genuine attachment threat primes behaved defensively, whereas avoidant participants who were given false warnings of attachment threat primes did not. Results suggest that avoidant defenses operate on both implicit and explicit levels and are resilient to false activation.
Vagally mediated heart rate variability in headache patients—a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Koenig Julian , Williams DeWayne P , Kemp Andrew H , Thayer Julian F
Published: May 2015

Objective

Vagal nerve activity—indexed by heart rate variability (HRV)—has been linked to altered pain processing and inflammation, both of which may underpin headache disorders and lead to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Here we examined the evidence for differences in parasympathetic (vagal) activity indexed by time- and frequency-domain measures of HRV in patients with headache disorders compared to healthy controls (HCs).

Methods

A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted on studies investigating group differences in vagally mediated HRV (vmHRV) including time- (root-mean-square of successive R-R-interval differences (RMSSD)) and frequency- (high-frequency HRV) domain measures. Studies eligible for inclusion were identified by a systematic search of the literature, based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement.

Results

Seven studies reporting a total of 10 comparisons of patients with headache disorders (HF-HRV n = 67, RMSSD n = 122) and HCs (HF-HRV n = 64, RMSSD n = 125) were eligible for inclusion. Random-effects meta-analysis revealed a significant main effect on RMSSD ( Z = 2.03, p = 0.04; Hedges’ g = −0.63; 95% CI (−1.24, –0.02); k = 6) and similar pooled effect size estimates for HF-HRV when breathing was controlled ( g = −0.30; 95% CI (−0.69; 0.10)) but not when breathing was not controlled ( g = 0.02; 95% CI (−0.69; 0.74)). Controlling for breathing had no effect on RMSSD.

Conclusion

vmHRV is reduced in patients with headache disorders, findings associated with a medium effect size. Suggestions for future research in this area are provided, emphasizing a need to investigate the impact of headache disorders and commonly comorbid conditions—including mental disorders—as well as the investigation of the risk for CVD in migraine in particular. We further emphasize the need for large-scale studies to investigate HRV as a mechanism mediating the association of migraine and CVD.
Hip Joint Pathology as a Leading Cause of Groin Pain in the Sporting Population
Authors: Rankin Alan T. , Bleakley Chris M. , Cullen Michael
Published: May 2015

Background:

Chronic hip and groin pain offers a diagnostic challenge for the sports medicine practitioner. Recent consensus suggests diagnostic categorization based on 5 clinical entities: hip joint–, adductor-, pubic bone stress injury–, iliopsoas-, or abdominal wall–related pathology. However, their prevalence patterns and coexistence in an active population are unclear.

Purpose:

This study presents a descriptive epidemiology based on a large sample of active individuals with long-standing pain in the hip and groin region. The objectives were to examine the prevalence of key clinical entities, document coexisting pathologies, and present prevalence patterns based on key demographics.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A retrospective review was conducted of clinical records of all hip and groin injuries seen between January 2006 and December 2011 under the care of a single experienced sports medicine consultant. In all cases, imaging was undertaken by a team of specialist musculoskeletal radiologists. Diagnoses were categorized according to 5 clinical entities using contemporary diagnostic nomenclature. The chi-square test was used to compare observed and expected frequencies across each subgroup’s prevalence figures based on sex, age, and sports participation.

Results:

Full medical records were retrieved from 894 patients with chronic hip and groin pain. The majority of patients were male (73%), aged between 26 and 30 years, and participating in footballing codes (soccer, rugby, and Gaelic sports) or running. A total of 24 combinations of clinical entities were found. There were significant differences ( P < .001) in prevalence patterns based on age, sex, and sports activity. Adductor-related pain or pubic bone stress injury rarely presented in isolation. Hip joint pathology was the most common clinical entity (55.98%) and was significantly more likely to present in isolation. The majority of hip joint pathologies related to femoroacetabular impingement (40%), labral tears (33%), and osteoarthritis (24%). These figures were significantly different across male and female patients ( P < .001), with a higher percentage of cases of femoroacetabular impingement and labral tears in male and female patients, respectively.

Conclusion:

Chronic hip and groin pain is often associated with multiple clinical entities. Hip joint pathology is the most common clinical entity and is most likely to relate to femoroacetabular impingement, labral tears, and osteoarthritis. These pathologies seem to be associated with secondary breakdown of surrounding structures; however, underpinning mechanisms are unclear.
Enhanced biogas production by anaerobic co-digestion from a trinary mix substrate over a binary mix substrate
Authors: Ara Efath , Sartaj Majid , Kennedy Kevin
Published: May 2015

The synergetic enhancement of mesophilic anaerobic co-digestion of trinary and binary mix of organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) + primary sludge (PS) + thickened waste activated sludge (TWAS) as substrates was investigated through batch biological methane potential (BMP) and semi-continuous flow reactor tests. Cumulative biogas yield (CBY) yield for the binary mix of OFMSW:TWAS was 555, 580, and 660 mL/g volatile solids (VS)added for an OFMSW:TWAS ratio of 25:75, 50:50, and 75:25, respectively, which was 48, 78.5, and 140% higher than the calculated expected biogas (CEB) yield from the corresponding individual substrates. The trinary mixture of OFMSW:TWAS:PS at ratios of 25:37.5:375.5, 50:25:25 and 75:12.5:12.5 was able to produce 680, 710 and 780 mL/g VSadded, respectively, which was 25.5, 62.0 and 135.6% more biogas than the calculated expected biogas yield from the corresponding individual substrates. Cumulative methane yield (CMY) of trinary mixtures was also higher than the corresponding binary mixtures (20, 27, and 12 % increase for OFMSW:TWAS:PS at a ratio of 25:37.5:37.5, 50:25:25, and 75:12.5:12.5 compared to the binary mix of OFMSW:TWAS at a ratio of 25:75, 50:50, and 75:25, respectively). Methane content of the biogas varied from 54 to 57%. The results from semi-continuous flow anaerobic reactors under hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 15, 10 and 7 days supported the results of batch biological methane potential tests. The results were conclusive that enhancement in biogas production was noticeably higher from the co-digestion of trinary mix of organic fraction of municipal solid waste+ thickened waste activated sludge + primary sludge than the binary mix organic fraction of municipal solid waste+thickened waste activated sludge or thickened waste activated sludge+primary sludge with concomitant improvements in VS removal and biodegradability for tri-digestion of organic fraction of municipal solid waste, thickened waste activated sludge and primary sludge.
Chromium-induced skin damage among Taiwanese cement workers
Authors: Chou Tzu-Chieh , Wang Po-Chih , Wu Jyun-De , Sheu Shiann-Cherng
Published: May 2015

Little research has been done on the relationships between chromium exposure, skin barrier function, and other hygienic habits in cement workers. Our purpose was to investigate chromium-induced skin barrier disruption due to cement exposure among cement workers. One hundred and eight cement workers were recruited in this study. Urinary chromium concentration was used to characterize exposure levels. The biological exposure index was used to separate high and low chromium exposure. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) was used to assess the skin barrier function. TEWL was significantly increased in workers with high chromium exposure levels than those with low chromium exposure levels ( p = 0.048). A positive correlation was also found between urinary chromium concentration and TEWL ( R = 0.28, p = 0.004). After adjusting for smoking status and glove use, a significant correlation between urinary chromium concentrations and TEWL remained. Moreover, workers who smoked and had a high chromium exposure had significantly increased TEWL compared to nonsmokers with low chromium exposure ( p = 0.01). Skin barrier function of cement workers may have been disrupted by chromium in cement, and smoking might significantly enhance such skin barrier perturbation with chromium exposure. Decreased chromium skin exposure and smoking cessation should be encouraged at work.
Museal Games and Emotional Truths
Authors: Żychlińska Monika , Fontana Erica
Published: May 2015

The Warsaw Rising Museum (WRM), opened in Warsaw in 2004 to commemorate the 1944 rebellion by Polish citizen-soldiers against Nazi occupiers, is considered the first modern historical museum in Poland. During the ten years since its opening, it has had a significant influence not only on public imaginations of the Rising but also subsequent museum trends in Poland. Using Anna Wieczorkiewicz’s concept of the “museal game” in which meaning is produced jointly by the museum institution and its visitors, we address the following questions: what meanings does the WRM have for its various audiences, and how has it come to have these meanings? Drawing on analysis of the museum’s founding documents and press coverage of the museum, interviews with visitors, and a review of scholarly literature, we seek to understand the universe of meanings within which the WRM has become a sociocultural phenomenon. We argue that the strategies employed by the museum encompass interconnected political and poetical dimensions. Specifically, we discuss how the museum attempts to foster Polish national identity by evoking personal identification among visitors by appealing to their emotions. We examine the range of meanings the WRM has been given by various participants in the museal game—museum originators, “public voices” including scholars and journalists, visitors, and ourselves as researchers. In doing so, we give special attention to the notion of nostalgia—how it has been operationalized by the museum planners, and how it is received by the audience, in the service of promoting personal and emotional identification.
Career Decision-Making Difficulties and Help-Seeking Among Israeli Young Adults
Authors: Vertsberger Dana , Gati Itamar
Published: May 2015

The present research focused on the various types of support young adults consider using when making career decisions and located factors that affect their intentions to seek help. Career decision-making difficulties (assessed by the Career Decision-making Difficulties Questionnaire), self-reported intentions to seek help, and career decision status were elicited from 300 young adults deliberating about their future career. The results show that participants’ intentions to seek help were positively correlated with their career decision-making difficulties and with their career decision status. The results also show discrepancies between the perceived effectiveness of the various types of support (e.g., family and friends, career counselors, and Internet) and the participants’ intentions to use them. Young adults are more inclined to seek help from types of support that are easily accessible to them (e.g., family and friends, and the Internet), and less from those that have been proven to be beneficial (e.g., career counselors, online questionnaires).
Studies on graphene oxide–reinforced polybenzoxazine nanocomposites
Authors: Revathi Rajamanickam , Prabunathan Pichaimani , Kumar Manmohan , Alagar Muthukaruppan
Published: May 2015

In the present work, different weight percentages (1, 3, and 5 wt%) of benzoxazine-functionalized graphene oxide (FGO) were reinforced with polybenzoxazine (PBZ) matrix by means of ring-opening polymerization. The resulting nanocomposites were characterized for their thermal, mechanical, dielectric, and optical properties using different analytical techniques. From the results of these studies, it was observed that the 5 wt% FGO-reinforced PBZ composite shows an improved glass transition temperature, thermal stability, and dielectric constant to the extent of 18%, 39%, and 197%, respectively, when compared with those of neat PBZ matrix. Furthermore, 5 wt% FGO-reinforced PBZ composite also exhibits an enhanced ultraviolet shielding efficiency (88%), with improved tensile strength (52%) compared with those of neat PBZ matrix. The enhanced properties may be due to homogeneous and uniform distribution of FGO into the PBZ matrix, which was confirmed from scanning electron microscopic and high-resolution transmission electron microscopic images. Data obtained from these studies indicate that the developed nanocomposites with high dielectric constant can be used in the form of coatings, sealants, and encapsulates for high-performance dielectric as well as antistatic applications.
Outsourcer–supplier coordination for parts machining outsourcing under social manufacturing
Authors: Leng Jiewu , Jiang Pingyu , Zheng Mei
Published: May 2015

Increasing global competition has forced many manufacturing enterprises (outsourcers) to focus on their core competences and outsource low value-added parts machining activities to suppliers to increase product quality and productivity as well as cut cost. While outsourcers or suppliers coordinate their decisions with partners for parts machining outsourcing, the present problem is how to timely achieve the most beneficial portfolio with the goal of gaining mutual benefit in a game structure. Based on the investigation conducted in Weinan National High-New Technology Zone of China, this article identifies several typical outsourcer–supplier Stackelberg game models for the order coordination of parts machining outsourcing and investigates one scenario of them in detail. Then, to solve the established bi-level programming model corresponding to the Stackelberg game, a solution procedure based on modified imperialist competitive algorithm is proposed. Finally, a case from a printing machinery enterprise is analyzed to validate the proposed model. This research is expected to improve the quality and effectiveness of coordination decision-making in parts machining outsourcing.
Investigations on surface quality improvement of straight bevel gears by electrochemical honing process
Authors: Shaikh Javed Habib , Jain Neelesh Kumar , Pathak Sunil
Published: May 2015

Electrochemical honing is a hybrid finishing process combining advantages and simultaneously overcoming the individual limitations of electrochemical machining and mechanical honing. Finishing of conical gears by electrochemical honing is very complicated due their complex geometry. This article reports on the development of an innovative experimental setup and investigations on improving surface finish of straight bevel gears by electrochemical honing and its process productivity. A novel idea of using twin-complementary cathode gears was envisaged to ensure simultaneous fine finishing of all the teeth of straight bevel gear made of 20MnCr5 alloy steel. Effects of five important electrochemical honing parameters, namely, concentration, temperature and flow rate of electrolyte, rotary speed of workpiece gear, voltage on surface finish and material removal rate of the bevel gear were investigated. Improvement in the microstructure of electrochemical honing finished gear was studied using scanning electron microscopic images. To prove importance of hybridization in improving finishing capabilities of electrochemical honing, a comparative study of surface quality of a bevel gear finished by mechanical honing, electrochemical machining and electrochemical honing was done. The results revealed considerable improvements in the surface quality of the bevel gears finished by electrochemical honing. Electrolyte concentration of 7.5%, temperature of 32 °C, flow rate of 30 L/min, 8 V as voltage and speed of 40 r/min of the workpiece gear yielded the best combination of percentage improvements in average surface roughness (i.e. 58.5%), maximum surface roughness (i.e. 44.4%) and volumetric material removal rate (0.21 mm3/s). This work helps to establish electrochemical honing as a viable alternative bevel gear finishing process which has potential to overcome the limitations of conventional bevel gear finishing processes.
Production simulator system for flexible routing optimization in flexible manufacturing systems
Authors: Abu Qudeiri Jaber E
Published: May 2015

Optimizing flexible routing in flexible manufacturing systems ameliorates the efficiency of flexible manufacturing systems. In the present competitive market, accuracy in the planning stage plays an important role. Therefore, in this article, a production simulator system based on genetic algorithms is utilized to find the near-optimal flexible routing for flexible manufacturing systems. A combination of production simulator system and genetic algorithms is introduced to find the appropriate order of a set of operations for jobs that need to be operated on available machine tools in flexible manufacturing systems. In order to augment genetic algorithms, a matrix encoding method is incorporated. The proposed simulation is applied to numerical case studies of flexible routing for flexible manufacturing systems problem. The purpose of case studies is to demonstrate the successful applicability of the proposed method for flexible routing for flexible manufacturing systems problem.
An experimental and theoretical investigation into multimode machine tool vibration with surface generation in flycutting
Authors: Chen Wanqun , Lu Lihua , Yang Kai , Su Hao , Chen Guoda
Published: May 2015

Relative vibration between the cutting tool and the workpiece plays an important role in the surface generation in ultra-precision diamond machining. High-frequency vibration of the cutting tool has important influence on the surface roughness error, while the low-frequency vibration of machine tool structure affects the figure error. The previous related researches mainly focus on the first-mode frequency vibration of the machine tool. However, its multimode frequency vibration is rarely discussed. In this article, the multimode frequency vibration of the machine tool and its influences on the surface generation in flycutting are studied. The experimental results have been found to agree well with the simulation results.
Improvement of the knee center of rotation during walking after opening wedge high tibial osteotomy
Authors: Kim Kyungsoo , Feng Jun , Nha Kyung Wook , Park Won Man , Kim Yoon Hyuk
Published: May 2015

Accurate measurement of the center of rotation of the knee joint is indispensable for prediction of joint kinematics and kinetics in musculoskeletal models. However, no study has yet identified the knee center of rotations during several daily activities before and after high tibial osteotomy surgery, which is one surgical option for treating knee osteoarthritis. In this study, an estimation method for determining the knee joint center of rotation was developed by applying the optimal common shape technique and symmetrical axis of rotation approach techniques to motion-capture data and validated for typical activities (walking, squatting, climbing up stairs, walking down stairs) of 10 normal subjects. The locations of knee joint center of rotations for injured and contralateral knees of eight subjects with osteoarthritis, both before and after high tibial osteotomy surgery, were then calculated during walking. It was shown that high tibial osteotomy surgery improved the knee joint center of rotation since the center of rotations for the injured knee after high tibial osteotomy surgery were significantly closer to those of the normal healthy population. The difference between the injured and contralateral knees was also generally reduced after surgery, demonstrating increased symmetry. These results indicate that symmetry in both knees can be recovered in many cases after high tibial osteotomy surgery. Moreover, the recovery of center of rotation in the injured knee was prior to that of symmetry. This study has the potential to provide fundamental information that can be applied to understand abnormal kinematics in patients, diagnose knee joint disease, and design a novel implants for knee joint surgeries.
Effect of Androctonus bicolor scorpion venom on serum electrolytes in rats: A 24-h time–course study
Authors: Al-Asmari A , Khan HA , Manthiri RA
Published: May 2015

Black fat-tailed scorpion ( Androctonus bicolor) belongs to the family Buthidae and is one of the most venomous scorpions in the world. The effects of A. bicolor venom on serum electrolytes were not known and therefore investigated in this study. Adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven groups with five animals in each group. One of the groups served as control and received vehicle only. The animals in the remaining groups received a single subcutaneous injection of crude A. bicolor venom (200 μg/kg bodyweight) and were killed at different time intervals including 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, and 24 h after venom injection. The results showed that scorpion venom caused significant increase in serum sodium levels within 30 min after injection which slightly subsided after 1 h and then persisted over 24 h. Serum potassium levels continued to significantly increase until 4 h and then slightly subsided. There were significant decreases in serum magnesium (Mg+) levels following scorpion venom injection, at all the time points during the course of study. Serum calcium levels were significantly increased during the entire course of study, whereas serum chloride was significantly decreased. In conclusion, A. bicolor envenomation in rats caused severe and persistent hypomagnesemia with accompanied hypernatremia, hyperkalemia, and hypercalcemia. It is important to measure serum Mg+ levels in victims of scorpion envenomation, and patients with severe Mg+ deficiency should be treated accordingly.
Protective effect of 17β-estradiol on serum deprivation-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Mirzamohammadi S , Mehrabani M , Tekiyehmaroof N , Sharifi AM
Published: May 2015

Stem cell transplantation has indicated great promise for cell therapy in a wide range of diseases, but poor and insufficient viability of cells within damaged tissues has limited its potential therapeutic effects. 17 β-Estradiol (E2) is a steroid hormone that plays an important role in expression of many genes and regulating proliferation, viability, and intracellular redox status in different cell types. In this study, we aimed to assess the effect of E2 on bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). Apoptosis was induced by serum deprivation (SD), and cells were exposed to E2 in the presence or absence of serum for varying periods of time, after which cell viability was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Expression of proapoptotic and antiapoptotic proteins after exposure to E2 was examined by Western blotting. The ability of E2 to prevent reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was also measured. The results indicated that E2 significantly enhanced the viability of the cells and protected BM-MSCs against SD-induced overproduction of ROS. It could reduce lipid peroxidation, total antioxidant power, and also Bax/Bcl-2 ratio as well as expression of caspase-3. Taken together, our data support that E2 treatment protects BM-MSCs against SD-induced damage by regulating ROS production and upregulation of antiapoptotic/proapoptotic proteins ratio.
Peacemaking and the ‘Unofficial’ Peace Process in India’s East and the Northeast
Authors: Das Samir Kumar
Published: May 2015

While multiculturalism with its reciprocal recognition of rights is usually held as the key to peace and peacemaking in India in general and her Northeast in particular, this article points out with the help of a series of case studies how ‘unofficial’ peace that is made independently of the state mediation bases itself on certain values and standards of culture that more often than not entail compromise with our rights in some form or the other. These values and standards, however, are neither given in our culture nor unalterable as the theorists of ‘unity-in-diversity’ would have us believe. Insofar as their viability and effectiveness in bringing peace depend on their ability to constantly negotiate with and confront the official or the State-brokered peace process and ‘interrupt’ the effects of governmental power, these values and standards constantly get reconstituted, reordered—if not hierarchized—in keeping with the changing requirements of such negotiation and confrontation. As a result, peace, as the article illustrates, acquires forms that are extremely contingent and momentary and does not necessarily depend on rights-based solutions.
State Securitization and Internal Ethnic Conflicts in India: Re-examining the Punjab Crisis
Authors: Roychoudhury Sreya Maitra
Published: May 2015

The theory of securitization postulates the remit of post-political, military action to quell an existential threat in International Relations. Pluralist democracies like India have used armed forces to tackle internal situations of ethnic conflict and legitimized it by deeming the conflict as a threat to national security. But ongoing domestic turmoil proves that armed confrontation between the state and its aggrieved communities has only succeeded in prolonging the dynamics of the conflict, rather than their comprehensive resolution. The present article takes a cue from this reality of insecurity. It seeks to theoretically link internal ethnic conflicts (which are perceived to threaten state survival) and their securitization, in the light of an actual conflict situation. The crisis in Punjab that embroiled India for a decade and met with a heavy military response of the state forms the case study. Analyzing the state response to the Punjab ethnic crisis from the securitization prism is a hitherto unexplored theoretical enterprise. The article undertakes this task. Also, securitization lends us the theoretical props to identify certain junctures and movements in the state-factional group/ethnic community interactions in the course of the crisis. The case study provides the empirical evidence which can inform securitization theory, and test its dynamics and efficacy.
Sertraline-induced periorbital purpura: a case report
Authors: Kayhan Fatih , Eken Zahide Eriş , Uguz Faruk
Published: May 2015

Objective:

The incidence of mild to severe levels of spontaneous bleeding due to the usage of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) is relatively low. Although the exact mechanism is not known, it is thought that inhibition of the serotonin transporter together with a decrease in platelet serotonin could be responsible for the bleeding. Therefore, the use of SSRIs in conjunction with anti-aggregants may predispose to or exacerbate the risk of bleeding. In this case report, we describe a 44-year-old female patient with a diagnosis of anxiety disorder who spontaneously developed periorbital purpura during treatment with sertraline.

Conclusion:

Abnormal bleeding after treatment with an SSRI should be kept in mind, and alternative non-SSRI drugs of choice in such cases would be more appropriate. More extensive and comprehensive studies focusing on hemostasis and bleeding disorders are needed for SSRIs such as sertraline.
Adjusting Bowel Regimens When Prescribing Opioids in Women Receiving Palliative Care in the Acute Care Setting
Authors: Gonzales Lucia K. , Delmastro Margaret A. , Boyd Denise M. , Sterling Melvyn L. , Aube Patricia A. , Le Rosemary N. , Traucht Lisa , Quinal Leonida R. , Georges Jane M. , Glaser Dale N.
Published: May 2015

In palliative medicine, constipation is the third most common symptom after pain and anorexia, causing some patients to discontinue opioid therapy. Women experience higher incidence of constipation than men. The prevalence of infrequent bowel movements (<3 times/wk) and adherence to an established bowel regimen among women receiving opioids were studied. Referral to the palliative care team decreased the prevalence of infrequent bowel movements from 72% to 45%, and algorithm adherence increased from 38% to 78%. Education of oncology nurses decreased the prevalence of infrequent bowel movements among patients with cancer from 71% to 60%, and algorithm adherence increased from 0% to 10%. Patients benefit from stool softeners and stimulants when receiving opioids.
Passive Suicidal Ideation
Authors: May Christine N. , Overholser James C. , Ridley Josephine , Raymond Danielle
Published: May 2015

Passive suicidal ideation is an important indicator of suicide risk because it is associated with significantly high levels of depression and suicidality, comparable to individuals experiencing active suicidal ideation. Passive suicidal ideation, or a passive desire to die, can be differentiated from active suicidal ideation (where individuals have a specific plan and intent to die). The present study examined passive suicidal ideation to determine how it relates to suicide risk and depression severity in 140 veterans from a psychiatric outpatient program at a local Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Participants were assessed for a depressive disorder using a structured clinical interview and completed self-report measures. Individuals with passive suicidal ideation scored similarly to active ideators and significantly higher than nonsuicidal ideators on measures of depression, suicidal behavior, and hopelessness. Asking about passive suicidal ideation in suicide risk assessment may allow clinicians to intervene earlier and decrease the likelihood of a suicide attempt.
An adaptive Elman neural network with C-PSO learning algorithm based pitch angle controller for DFIG based WECS
Authors: Sitharthan R , Geethanjali M
Published: May 2015

Frequent variation in the wind flow affects the Wind Turbine (WT) to generate fluctuating output power and this can negatively impact the entire power network. This paper aims at modelling an Enhanced-Elman Neural Network (EENN) based pitch angle controller to mitigate the output power fluctuation in a grid connected Wind Energy Conversion System. The outstanding aspect of the proposed controller is that, they can smoothen the output power fluctuation, when the wind speed is above or below rated speed of the WT. The proposed EENN pitch controller is trained online using Gradient Descent (GD) algorithm and the network learning is carried out using Customized-Particle swarm optimization (C-PSO) algorithm. The C-PSO is adopted, in order to increase the learning capability of the training process by adjusting the networks learning rate. Further, the node connecting weights of the EENN is updated by means of GD algorithm using back-propagation methodology. The performance of the proposed controller is analysed using the simulation studies carried out in MATLAB /Simulink environment.
Does Compensating Primary Care Providers to Produce Higher Quality Make Them More or Less Patient Centric?
Authors: Hibbard Judith H. , Greene Jessica , Sacks Rebecca , Overton Valerie
Published: May 2015

Both payment reform and patient engagement are key elements of health care reform. Yet the question of how incentivizing primary care providers (PCPs) on quality outcomes affects the degree to which PCPs are supportive of patient activation and patient self-management has received little attention. In this mixed-methods study, we use in-depth interviews and survey data from PCPs working in a Pioneer Accountable Care Organization that implemented a compensation model in which a large percentage of PCP salary is based on quality performance. We assess how much PCPs report focusing their efforts on supporting patient activation and self-management, and whether or not they become frustrated with patients who do not change their behaviors. The findings suggest that most PCPs do not see the value in investing their own efforts in supporting patient self-management and activation. Most PCPs saw patient behavior as a major obstacle to improving quality and many were frustrated that patient behaviors affected their compensation.
A Longitudinal Outcome Evaluation of a Prison-Based Sex Offender Treatment Program
Authors: Grady Melissa D. , Edwards Daniel , Pettus-Davis Carrie
Published: May 2015

Sex offender outcome studies continue to produce mixed results. A common critique of these studies is their lack of methodological rigor. This study attempts to address this critique by adhering to the standards established by the Collaborative Outcome Data Committee (CODC) aimed at increasing the quality and confidence in outcome studies. We examined recidivism outcomes for a sample of formerly incarcerated sex offenders who participated in a state prison-based cognitive-behavioral-skills-based treatment program. We used propensity score analysis to compare treatment participants with a matched sample of non-participants. The final sample post-matching ( n = 512) was observed for a minimum of 4 years and a maximum of 14 years. Using survival analysis, findings indicate that there were no differences in recidivism rates between treatment participants and non-participants in sexual or violent crimes. However, participants demonstrated significantly lower rates of recidivism for non-violent crimes. We discuss strengths, limitations of the study, and implications of these findings.
Defining and Teaching Evaluative Thinking
Authors: Buckley Jane , Archibald Thomas , Hargraves Monica , Trochim William M.
Published: May 2015

Evaluative thinking (ET) is an increasingly important topic in the field of evaluation, particularly among people involved in evaluation capacity building (ECB). Yet it is a construct in need of clarification, especially if it is to be meaningfully discussed, promoted, and researched. To that end, we propose that ET is essentially critical thinking applied to contexts of evaluation. We argue that ECB, and the field of evaluation more generally, would benefit from an explicit and transparent appropriation of well-established concepts and teaching strategies derived from the long history of work on critical thinking. In this article, based on previous work in the fields of education, cognitive science, and critical thinking, as well as on our experience as ECB practitioners, we propose several guiding principles and specific strategies for teaching ET that draw directly from research on the teaching of critical thinking.
Building an Assessment Argument to Design and Use Next Generation Science Assessments in Efficacy Studies of Curriculum Interventions
Authors: DeBarger Angela Haydel , Penuel William R. , Harris Christopher J. , Kennedy Cathleen A.
Published: May 2015

Evaluators must employ research designs that generate compelling evidence related to the worth or value of programs, of which assessment data often play a critical role. This article focuses on assessment design in the context of evaluation. It describes the process of using the Framework for K-12 Science Education and Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) to design assessments to evaluate the efficacy of a curricular intervention. The new science standards present a significant challenge to assessment designers and evaluators because these standards emphasize the integration of disciplinary core ideas, practices, and crosscutting concepts. This article presents the structure of a validity argument for such uses with an evidence-centered design perspective and unpacks the design decisions in developing and implementing these assessments in an efficacy study of a project-based science curriculum. Implications for designing NGSS-aligned assessments for program evaluation purposes are discussed.
Chronic neurokinin-1 receptor antagonism fails to ameliorate clinical signs, airway hyper-responsiveness or airway eosinophilia in an experimental model of feline asthma
Authors: Grobman Megan , Graham Amber , Outi Hilton , Dodam John R , Reinero Carol R
Published: May 2015

Objectives

Feline allergic asthma is a common chronic lower airway disease characterized by clinical signs attributed to eosinophilic inflammation, airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) and airway remodeling. Tachykinins released from sensory nerves and immune cells bind neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptors in the lung. The resultant neurogenic airway inflammation has been implicated in asthma pathogenesis. In mouse models and spontaneous human asthma, NK receptor antagonists reduce bronchospasm and inflammation. We hypothesized that chronic administration of maropitant, an NK-1 receptor antagonist, would decrease clinical signs of asthma, AHR and eosinophilic inflammation in experimentally asthmatic cats.

Methods

Cats (n = 6) induced to have asthma using Bermuda grass allergen (BGA) were enrolled in a randomized, prospective, placebo-controlled crossover design study. Cats received either oral maropitant (2 mg/kg) or placebo q48h for 4 weeks; following a 2 week washout, cats were crossed-over to the alternate treatment. Study endpoints included subjective clinical scoring systems after BGA challenge, ventilator-acquired pulmonary mechanics to assess AHR after bronchoprovocation with methacholine, and collection of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid to quantify airway eosinophilia. Statistical analysis was performed using a Mann–Whitney rank sum test with P <0.05 considered significant.

Results

Administration of maropitant for 1 month in experimentally asthmatic cats produced no significant difference in clinical scoring scheme ( P = 0.589 and P = 1.0), AHR ( P = 0.818) or airway eosinophilia ( P = 0.669) compared with placebo.

Conclusions and relevance

Chronic administration of maropitant was ineffective at blunting clinical signs, AHR and airway eosinophilia in experimental feline asthma and thus cannot be recommended as a novel treatment for this disorder.
A web based cross-platform application for teleconsultation in radiology
Authors: Kammerer Ferdinand J , Hammon Matthias , Schlechtweg Philipp M , Uder Michael , Schwab Siegfried A
Published: May 2015

The growing complexity of radiologic examinations and interventional procedures requires frequent exchange of knowledge. Consequently a simple way to share and discuss patient images between radiology experts and with colleagues from other medical disciplines is needed. Aims of this work were the development and initial performance evaluation of a fast and user friendly, platform independent teleconsultation system for medical imaging. A local back end system receives DICOM images and generates anonymized JPEG files that are uploaded to an internet webserver. The front end running on that webserver comprises an image viewer with a specially developed pointer element for indicating findings to collaborative partners. The front end that uses only standard web technologies works on a variety of different platforms, mobile devices and desktop computers. Images can be accessed by simply calling up a special internet address in a web browser that may be exchanged between users (e.g. via email). A speed evaluation of the system showed good results: For example the preparation and upload of a standard head CT took less than 21 seconds. The data volume of the same series and the viewer application could be transferred to a mobile phone in less than 42 seconds via a UMTS network or in less than 3 seconds via a HSPA network. The presented system with its minimal hard- and software requirements, its simplicity and platform independence might be a promising tool in the increasingly important area of teleconsultation.
Telehealth on heart failure: results of the Recap project
Authors: Varon Carolina , Alao Morenikeji , Minter Jan , Stapleton Michelle , Thomson Stuart , Jaecques Siegfried , Rocca Hans-Peter BL , Huffel Sabine V
Published: May 2015

Telehealth has become a very important tool that allows the monitoring of heart failure patients in a home environment. However, little is known about the effect that such monitoring systems have on patients’ compliance, evolution and self-care behaviour. In particular, the effect that the selected user interface has on these factors is unknown. This study aims to investigate this, and to determine some practicalities that must be considered when designing and implementing a telehealth programme for heart failure. To achieve this, daily measurements of blood pressure, pulse, SpO2 and weight were collected from 534 patients suffering from heart failure. In addition, they were asked to fill in the European heart failure self-care behaviour scale questionnaire and the EQ-5D quality of life questionnaire, before and after the monitoring period. Two telehealth systems were used, the Motiva platform provided by Philips and the standalone unit provided by Docobo, the Doc@Home system. Significant differences were found between both systems concerning the compliance and adherence of patients. Moreover, a general, positive effect of telehealth was identified due to the fact that patients showed an increased self-awareness when managing their condition. These findings are supported by behavioural changes and a better understanding of heart failure from the patients’ perspective.
Post t-PA transfer to hub improves outcome of moderate to severe ischemic stroke patients
Authors: Yaghi Shadi , Harik Sami I , Hinduja Archana , Bianchi Nicolas , Johnson Debra M , Keyrouz Salah G
Published: May 2015

Background and Purpose

Telemedicine offers rural hospitals the ability to treat acute ischemic stroke on site with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA). Most patients are subsequently transferred to a hub hospital with a primary stroke center for post t-PA care. There is little evidence that such transfer is beneficial. The purpose of our study is to determine whether the transfer of patients to hub hospitals is beneficial.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed data from our prospectively collected cohort in the AR SAVES (Stroke Assistance through Virtual Emergency Support) telestroke network from November 2008 till January 2012. We compared the outcome of patients who were transferred to a “hub” with those who remained at the “spoke” hospital where thrombolysis took place. We stratified patients according to stroke severity using admission NIHSS scores into two groups: patients with mild stroke (NIHSS <8) and those with moderate to severe stroke (NIHSS ≥8). We defined good outcome as a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score ≤2. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher’s exact test, two-tailed, and significance was considered at p < 0.05.

Results

Out of 894 telestroke consultations, 206 patients received thrombolytic therapy; 134 patients had moderate to severe strokes and 160 patients (78%) were transferred to the hub after thrombolytic therapy. The percentage of patients with good outcome at 3 months was similar between patients transferred to hub and those who stayed at the spoke (61% vs. 55%, p = NS). However, when only patients with moderate to severe strokes were analyzed, patients transferred to the hub were more likely to have good outcomes at three months post t-PA (50% versus 24%, p = 0.026).

Conclusions

Patients with moderate to severe ischemic strokes who were treated with t-PA in a telestroke network may potentially benefit from expert care at a primary stroke center.