bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Verity of male sexual disorder videos on social media platforms
Authors: Giri Anant , Gupta Manish , Gupta Hotilal , Sadasukhi Nripesh , Sadasukhi Trilok Chand , Sharma Ashish , Goswami Sonia , Modi Ankit
Published: April 2023

: Male sexual disorders remain taboo, particularly in a developing country like India. The affected census is under-depicted as of privacy issues, unawareness about the disease complex, a phobia about being affected, and many more counting on it, with advancing digitalization and many friendly social media platform, the affected individual logs onto the cybernet for perception, and here comes the role of content reliability.

: In April 2022, we seek the most accountable social media platforms - with keywords of "Male Sexual Disorders", "Erectile Dysfunction", "Premature Ejaculation" and "Male sex Problems" using BuzzSumo, an online analytic tool. The collected content was evaluated by two urology residents on ground of European Association of Urology(EAU) Guidelines 2022, and for discrepancies, the final decision was established by a senior specialist.

: Out of 191 included videos, 62.3% were videos uploaded by specialist and their mean duration was 7.2 minutes. 67.53% of uploaded videos explained general information (n=129, 67.53%) and provide information about diagnosis (28.7%) and treatment (78.01%), among which maximum videos favored medical management (97.9%). 158 inclusion videos (82.72%) were following EAU guidelines. In excluded videos, videos on alternative medicines shared maximum number (45.63%). Videos with animation and sound were more appealing based on views and likes, although the contribution of animated videos was rather less in number (25.65%).

: The content with delusive information, small size samples, and individual opinion are having more luring appeasement. so, this study firms its ground by stressing verity of content and need for scrutiny by medical community.
Patellar dimensions in south Indian population-An aid to implant design in total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Pothala Sunitha , M Sangeeta , KL Varalakshmi , Afroze M Khizer Hussain
Published: April 2023

For a successful knee arthroplasty it is imperative to measure patellar thickness intraoperatively to guide the depth of resection. Width thickness ratio of patella is a useful indicator for assessing premorbid patellar thickness. Patellar implants for total knee arthroplasty rely mostly on data from Western population as data from Indian population is sparse.

To study the dimensions of patella in South Indian population and to compare it with the previous literature. To estimate the commonest variant of patella in Indian population as per the Weibergs classification.

: 101 dry patella from the Department of Anatomy of MVJ Medical College and Research Hospital were used for this study following approval from Instutional ethical committee . The dimensions of patella i.e Patellar height, width, thickness, width of medial and lateral articular facet were measured using Digital Vernier calipers.

The results of various statistical parameters (Length, Width, Thickness, MAF and LAF) on the right and left side and combined were expressed in terms of mean and standard deviations along with minimum and maximum values.() The mean height, width and thickness of patella was 39.07mm, 42.56mm and 22.7mm respectively. The values of all the variables of both sides were compared. There was no statistical difference between the variables on right and left sides. Width of MAF in the present study was 19.8 ±2.82 mm while Width of LAF was 24.6±1.88mm. Ratio of width to thickness of patella was 1.8mm. There was no correlation between the two variables.

Patella was classified according to Wiberg classification on the basis of dimensions of the width of medial articular and lateral articular facet as well as curvature of the facets. The most common variant observed was Type 2.

The knowledge of patellar morphometry will aid the orthopedic surgeons in designing prosthesis. Morphometric data of patella on Indian population will also act as guide for forensic experts and anthropologists in sex determination.
The postoperative analgesic efficacy of Transversus abdominis plane block after caesarean section: A randomized trial
Authors: Choudhary Garima , Kumar Sandeep , Agarwal Aditya
Published: April 2023

: The present study was conducted to evaluate the postoperative analgesic efficacy of Transversus abdominis plane block after caesarean section and to compare it with patients who were managed conventionally without the TAP Block.

The present study was conducted as a comparative study at Department of Anaesthesiology, Hamidia Hospital for a period of 1 year among 100 females undergoing caesarean section. All the selected women were randomly divided into two groups of 50 patients each. Hemodynamic parameters, pain and postoperative analgesic requirement was observed and compared between two groups.

: Pain at various interval of time was significantly lower in TAP block group as compared to control group (p<0.01). Mean time to rescue analgesia was 356.44±91.63 min and 95.12± 24.14 min in groups TAP and control groups respectively and the observed difference was statistically highly significant (p<0.001).

: TAP block is effective in providing postoperative analgesia among women undergoing LSCS. It is one of the excellent multimodal analgesia technique and significantly reduces the opioid requirements during postoperative period. TAP block was easy to perform, and provided reliable and effective analgesia in this study, and no complications due to the TAP block were detected.
Histopathological spectrum of hyperpigmented skin lesions- A study in a tertiary hospital from western Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Jaiswal Amit , Avani  , Gupta Kamna , Jain Medha , Thakral R.K. , Mohan Alok
Published: April 2023

Hyperpigmented skin lesions are the cause of concern for general people and are commonest reason for dermatology consultation. An accurate histopathological diagnosis helps a dermatologist in appropriate management of such lesions

A retroprospective study of 100 cases of skin biopsies in hyperpigmented lesions was conducted from January 2020 to July 2021 at our institute. Inadequate skin biopsies, lesions of neoplastic or congenital etiology were excluded from the study. A clinico-histopathological correlation was also done.

Out of 100 skin biopsies studied, most cases (50%) were in the age group of 21-40 years. Females were more affected than males; F:M ::1.27:1 and the most common histopathological diagnosis was Lichen planus and its variants (38%).

Hyperpigmented skin lesions can be the only presentation of wide variety of the skin lesions. To make the diagnosis;proper and detailed history, clinical examination and microscopic examination of the biopsies is must which helps the doctor to treat the patients effectively.
Efficacy of coblation assisted surgery in obstructive sleep apnea with obstruction at the retropalatal level
Authors: MR Kumar , S Vignesh , NM Babu , A Balakrishnan , SSP Ram
Published: April 2023

Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) is a common sleep disorder caused by abnormalities in the pharynx and upper airway muscles. Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) is the commonly indicated surgical procedure for the management of OSA. Recent studies state that coblation assisted UPPP can improve the outcomes of OSA.

: To study the efficacy of coblation assisted uvulopalatopharyngoplasty in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome with isolated obstruction at the retropalatal level.

This prospective before-after analysis was conducted in Government Kilpauk Medical College Hospital and Government Royapettah Hospital attached to Kilpauk Medical College from September 2016 to September 2017. After a thorough examination, patients with moderate and severe OSA with obstruction at the retropalatal level were selected for the study. Institutional ethical clearance was obtained and all patients signed the written informed consent form.

A total of 25 patients were selected for the study and a male predominance was observed (80%). Tonsil size was graded using the Friedman grading scale and the majority of the patients had grade II tonsillar enlargement (52%). Based on tonsil size and Friedman's palate position, the patients were classified using Friedman's system. 11 patients were classified as stage 1, 10 patients were classified as stage 2, 4 patients were classified as stage 3. A success rate of 68% was observed following surgery based on the 50% reduction in the AHI criterion.

Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty is effective in the management of OSA. Coblation assisted procedures can reduce postoperative pain and improve the outcomes of surgical therapy.
A study of bacteriological profile and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolated from blood stream infections in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Wajid M , Naaz Shazia
Published: April 2023

: Blood cultures are procedures that aid in evaluation of microorganisms present in the blood and guide the treatment of various pathogens leading to blood stream infections and the most dreaded complication sepsis

: To study the distribution of bacterial flora and antimicrobial susceptibility in blood stream infections (BSI) in adults and pediatric patients including neonates.

: This retrospective study was conducted in the department of Microbiology, ESIC Medical College and hospital, Hyderabad over a period of 1 year, from January 2020 to December 2020. During this period, 1681 samples received from various in patient department were processed according to standard laboratory guidelines and findings were observed.

: WHO net software was used to analyze the data.

: On analysis of all the samples, 208(12.4%) samples were culture positive. Among them Gram positive bacteria were 55.2 % and Gram negative were 44.8%. Coagulase negative Staphylococcuswas the predominant isolate among Gram positiveGram-positive,resistance to35%34.3xtensivelyXDR)Maximumresistanceprescription and usage.

: Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of bacterial infections can make difference between life and death. It would reduce mortality from septicemia and improve patient management.
Serological evaluation of prevalence of TORCH amongst antenatal mothers attending a rural tertiary care hospital
Authors: Chattopadhyay Saswati , Biswas Tanusri , Chaudhury Nabamita , Mondal Raston , Chatterjee Aroni
Published: April 2023

: Infections due to agents like , virus, virus (CMV), virus (HSV) [TORCH] are important causes of bad obstetric outcome (spontaneous abortions, still births, pre term delivery and congenital anomalies) in antenatal mothers. Such infection in adults and pregnant women are very mild or even asymptomatic but causes serious consequences in the foetus. Serological tests usually ELISA is the main mode of diagnosis.

: To evaluate the role of infections due to TORCH in causing pregnancy loss in BOH (bad obstetric history) mothers.

A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted to identify TORCH as a causative factor in loss of pregnancy in pregnant women with bad obstetric history attending our Antenatal OPD from March 2019 to August 2019. Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was done in 97 serum samples of such pregnant mothers.

Our observation revealed that maximum history of BOH was found in mothers aged between 26-30 years (50/97 i.e.51.55%)The IgM seropositivity was detected mostly against CMV--09/97 cases (9.28%) and abortion was found to be the commonest outcome in mothers showing IgM seropositivity to both CMV and .

This study helps us to draw the conclusion that TORCH is an important cause of BOH and should be routinely screened.
Correlation of Cardiotocography with neonatal outcome in term pregnancies at a tertiary care centre in Bihar, India: A prospective observational study
Authors: Ranjana  , Goel Neeru , Rani Sweety
Published: April 2023

Early recognition of foetal distress by intrapartum cardiotocography (CTG) has a pivotal role in the improvement of perinatal outcome. So, the aim of this study was to correlate the findings of CTG with neonatal outcome.

This Prospective Observational study was conducted on 300 pregnant women in labour having singleton term pregnancy with cephalic presentation. Intrapartum cardiotocography was done. CTG pattern was correlated with neonatal outcomes by analysing Apgar score, NICU admission and neonatal mortality rate. Statistical analysis was done by using chi square test and Fisher Exact test and p value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Out of 300 patients, reactive CTG pattern was observed in 67% while suspicious and pathological pattern was observed in 22% and 11% of pregnancies respectively. The percentage of caesarean deliveries were significantly more among abnormal CTG group as compared to reactive group (p value < 0.0001). The sensitivity and specificity of CTG for predicting foetal distress and NICU admission was 80 % and 78.75% respectively. There was high NPV of 94.03%, and the diagnostic accuracy of test was 79%.

Reactive CTG is more predictive of favourable neonatal outcomes while Pathological CTG tracing requires immediate intervention. Suspicious CTG requires close observation during intrapartum period after correcting underlying causes and taking conservative measures and Immediate delivery is not required unless it became pathological and hence caesarean section rate can be reduced in this group Overall, intrapartum CTG is an important screening tool for early identification of foetal distress.
Do different phases of menstrual cycle affect the HR, PR interval and duration of ST segment?: A study
Authors: Jha Anju , Tiwari Jyoti , Uike Ahilya
Published: April 2023

Alteration in the release of female steroid hormones like progesterone and estrogen in a systematic manner is due to periodic ovarian variation. The alteration in female steroid hormones causes physiological alteration of cardiovascular activities and ultimately affects Electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters.

: To analyze the heart rate and the changes in PR interval and duration of ST segment in ECG during menstrual phases.

: To investigate any change in heart rate, PR interval and duration of ST segment in ECG during different phases of menstrual cycle.

30 apparently healthy female aged between 18-25 years were selected for the study and ECG was recorded using Electrocardiograph during the different phase of menstrual cycle:- a): Menstrual phase(MP) (2nd day), b): Proliferative phase(PP) (11th day) c): Secretory phase(SP) (22nd day).

Statistical analysis paired t-test was done by using online statistical calculator. There was statistical significant change in Heart rate, PR interval and ST segment duration. HR is increased more as compared to menstrual phase, it showing p-value of 0.000133 in paired t-test between Menstrual phase with secretory phase. There was no statistical significant change in PR interval during proliferative change on comparison with menstrual Phase.

Cyclical fluctuation of hormones during menstrual cycle changes electrophysiological parameters, affecting cardiovascular system.
A clinical study to evaluate the role of CT in the detection, localization and characterization of retroperitoneal masses
Authors: Nayak Prasanta Kumar , Rao MVK , Jena Sukanta Kumar , Kumar B Arun
Published: April 2023

: Retroperitoneal masses constitute a heterogeneous group of uncommon lesions and represent a challenge due to overlapping imaging findings. Most are malignant lesions. 

To evaluate the role of CT in the detection, localization and characterization of retroperitoneal masses and to compare and correlate with post-surgical evaluation and histological evaluation whenever possible.

: The cross-sectional study carried out in the Department of Radiodiagnosis for a period of 2 years. Present study involved 50 patients of either sex belonging to various age groups. The CT scan findings were correlated with the findings at surgery and histopathological examination.

: Renal masses were the most common retroperitoneal mass(48%). Renal cell carcinoma was the most common renal tumour (66.6%)and pancreatic adenocarcinoma was the most common pancreatic tumour (68.7%). Majority of cases of retroperitoneal mass were in the age group 51-70 years. Males were affected more than females in a ratio of 1.94: 1. Mass in the abdomen was the most common clinical presenting feature (40%). CT accuracy in the diagnosis of retroperitoneal tumours was 96%.

CT is an essential diagnostic modality in diagnosing and characterizing retroperitoneal masses. It establishes the location of such masses and shows in great detail the associated findings.
Mucormycosis in this COVID times- A case series
Authors: Panda Sagarika , Parida Manisha , Sahu Alaka , Gharie Radhamohan
Published: April 2023

Mucorales are fast-growing thermostat fungi that are ubiquitous in environment. Most common form is rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis. It is the third most common cause of invasive fungal infections following asperigillosis and candidiasis. Their incidence has increased in recent times, especially in the 2 wave of COVID-19 in India. COVID-19 is caused by non-segmented negative sense RNA virus, which causes profound lymphopenia. Glucocorticoid has emerged as main treatment of choice for COVID-19 patients with severe symptoms. The patients of COVID-19 are increasingly affected with mucormycosis because of decreased immunity, impaired defense mechanisms, dysfunctional lymphocytes and neutrophils, and injudicious use of glucocorticoids. Diabetes mellitus is an independent risk factor for both mucormycosis and severe COVID-19. Hyperglycemia due to diabetes and glucocorticoid increases the incidence of infection due to greater availability of glucose to the pathogen, lower response of T cells, and acidic Ph. This fungus has predilection to invade blood vessels leading to extensive necrosis (black eschar). The overall mortality rate is 56%. Mortality depends upon underlying health condition of patient and the part of the body affected.

In this retrospective study, we present an interesting case series of 15 patients with mucormycosis. Association with diabetes, with uncontrolled glycemic index was found in all the cases. COVID-19 associated mucormycosis was seen in 10 patients.

Excessive use of corticosteroid in a patient with COVID-19 has aggravated the scenario. An early foresight about the condition and judicious use of steroids is useful. So, an early diagnosis and prompt treatment of mucormycosis can decrease the fatality and morbidity in patients.
Transformation of Germany's Strategy in the Arctic
Authors: Kotov A.V.
Published: April 2023

The article analyzes the change in Germany's foreign policy in the Arctic. The features of the main vectors are revealed: in the military-industrial, scientific and educational, international political directions. It is concluded that it is in Germany's interests to support a renewed Arctic Council with a very limited participation of Russia, to strengthen the capabilities of the fleet and industrial potential for the production of equipment in the "Arctic" version, to build alternative scientific contacts with Russia.
Arctic science diplomacy: main theoretical approaches
Authors: Sergunin Alexander
Published: April 2023

This article examines the main theoretical approaches that have been developed by the present-day political science to the study of the Arctic science diplomacy (ASD) phenomenon:
– The technical/instrumentalist approach considers ASD as an equivalent of international scientific and technical cooperation and a means of its expansion.
– The second approach believes that ASD is a tool of "soft power" aimed at promoting a positive image of regional players.
– The third approach interprets ASD as a form of public diplomacy, the strategic goal of which is not only to develop scientific ties and strengthen a country’s positions in the Arctic, but also to solve the most significant problems of the region and improve the international situation at large.
– Unfortunately, with the start of a new phase of the Ukrainian crisis in 2022, the interpretation of ASD as an instrument of "power" policy aimed at weakening the positions and discrediting Russia and China in the High North is gaining strength in the West.
The Arctic-related activities of Joe Biden’s administration in 2021–2023
Authors: Terebov Oleg
Published: April 2023

The article outlines the US administration activities with regard to the Artic in 2021–2023: the moratorium on Oil and Gas Leasing Program in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge; military exercises in Alaska and in Norway; continued construction of polar icebreakers; personnel changes in government bodies responsible for the Artic; the boycott of Russia in the Artic Council; “National Strategy for the Arctic Region”. A conclusion is offered that there were no significant achievements in this field while the split in the Artic Council has evolved into a stalemate situation.
The contribution of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug to the development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation
Authors: Chirikov Nikita
Published: April 2023

In 2022, a special military operation began, which increased sanctions pressure on all regions of the Russian Federation, including the Arctic. The administration of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, with the support of the government of the Russian Federation, took timely decisions that helped offset the possible damage from curtailing work on joint projects. The suspension of interaction within the Arctic Council stimulates the strengthening of horizontal ties both between regions and between institutions. The tightening of the sanctions policy has probably become a necessary stimulus that will not allow the Arctic regions to withdraw into themselves.
Prospects for the Development of Data Centers in the Arctic
Authors: Eidemiller Konstantin
Published: April 2023

This paper examines the experience and prospects of placing data centers in the Arctic zone of circumpolar states, including Russia. The authors consider the phenomenon of commercial data centers providing services to IT-companies and the idea of building such centers in the Arctic to reduce costs. The authors analyze the advantages of the Arctic territories, including the possibility of natural cooling of installations, the use of renewable energy sources and the prospects for contribution to digitalization and development of the northern regions of the Arctic countries. Further, the authors describe the existing projects for the placement of data centers in the Arctic zone of Sweden, Finland, Norway, Denmark, Iceland and similar Russian experience. In this paper, the authors dwell in detail on projects in Karelia, Murmansk, and Norilsk. In conclusion, the authors come to the conclusion that functioning data centers are isolated projects both in Russia and in other countries. The authors analyze in detail what features of the Arctic regions determine this state of affairs, both highlighting common features and distinguishing between the Russian and foreign Arctic.
Discursive articulation of generational experience as a long-term factor of trust in political institutions: problem statement
Authors: Komarov Mikhail
Published: April 2023

The article raises the question of considering the historical experience of generations as a factor in the dynamics of trust in institutions. Based on the temporal nature of trust as a phenomenon, an assumption is made about the dominance of the discursive component in its structure. Linking the discursive dimension of trust to the generational historical narrative makes it possible to expand the instrumental, analytical and applied significance of research on trust in institutions for the study of political processes in general. The study of generational discourse and changes in public discourse under the influence of generational transition is illustrated by practical cases of modern history of Russia and Spain.
Norms and normalization in cyberspace: post-conventionality or lawlessness? (“Melian Dialogue” on Cyber Law)
Authors: Fyodorov Alexander
Published: April 2023

Since the end of the 20th century, the Russian Federation has proclaimed the creation of an international information security system based on a global agreements under the auspices of the UN as one of the general directions of its policy in the field of international security. In turn, the United States put forward its own initiative to develop and adopt norms and rules for the conduct of states in the cyber sphere. The article notes that official Washington, with the support of a number of Western countries, managed to standardize its system of rules without international legitimation, using the peculiarities of the political situation and the willingness of Russia and the SCO countries to compromise, as well as replacing the global problem of information security for the post-industrial society with a question based on national interest. cybersecurity. The article concludes that, despite the fact that the issues of norms and normalization have been worked out quite deeply within world science, the argument put forward by the American expert community ignores generally accepted scientific results and promotes the ideas of post-democracy, interpreted in a specific way.
Constitutional reform as a vector of national development in the modern world (in the context of Russia, Belarus, and Kazakhstan)
Authors:   V.G. Timiryasov Kazan Innovative University, Nikitin A. G. , Vinogradova A. Yu. ,   V.G. Timiryasov Kazan Innovative University
Published: April 2023

The research provides a comparative legal analysis of the constitutional reforms that took place from 2020 till 2022 in the Russian Federation, the Republic of Belarus and the Republic of Kazakhstan. The paper formulates the author’s assessments and conclusions, a look at the transformations of the Constitutions of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan through the identification of the common and specific aspects in the constitutional arrangement of these states based on the following criteria: the purpose of the constitutional reform; improvement of the institution of the executive head of the nation; improvement of the system of checks and balances; the judiciary reforming; development of the social and cultural policy of the government. As a result of the study, the authors come to the conclusion that constitutional and legal development in the abovementioned states is similar. Particular attention is paid to the principle of separation of powers, under which amendments to the fundamental laws establish additional guarantees that protect and preserve the continuous state-legal development of the countries, their sovereignty, in particular, by securing preliminary normative control at the level of the Constitutional Courts. In addition, the issue of maintaining the stability of power in these states has been studied: by securing additional guarantees, acting as “filters”, for the status of the executive head of the nation in Russia and Belarus, and by resolving the issue of the presidential duumvirate in Kazakhstan. The authors also focus on socio-cultural amendments in the Constitutions of Russia and Belarus, which act as guarantees for the sustainable social and economic development of the countries. According to the authors, these amendments expand the concept of the “welfare state” and allow setting new tasks for the government and society for the next decades.
Classification of a crime committed by a lawyer using an official position
Authors:   Russian State University of Justice, Sklyarov S. V.
Published: April 2023

The issue of the possibility of classifying a crime committed by a lawyer according to the “using an official position” attribute is controversial in the theory of criminal law. In practice, in some cases this qualifying factor is used in the legal assessment of the actions of a lawyer, in other cases it is not applied. When prosecuting a lawyer, clear criteria for applying the “using an official position” qualifying factor are necessary. The paper analyzes the explanations of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, which reveal the “using an official position” qualifying attribute. It is identified that the “using an official position” qualifying attribute in the decisions of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation is understood differently in relation to various crimes. The author analyzes the judicial practice of the application of the indicated qualifying attribute when prosecuting a lawyer. The study identified the lack of a unified approach of the courts to the classification of the actions of a lawyer according to the “using an official position” attribute. The paper studies the arguments of scientists who protest against the application of the “using an official position” qualifying attribute when prosecuting a lawyer. It is concluded that the official position of a lawyer is associated not with his professional status, not with the position he occupies, but with the functions that a lawyer, not being an official or a person performing managerial functions in a commercial or other organization, implements in the law enforcement process. Therefore, under certain conditions and in certain cases, there is an objective necessity to charge a lawyer who has committed a crime with the “using an official position” qualifying attribute.
On the issue of methodological support in teaching professionally oriented reading (based on the material of advertising texts in English)
Authors:   Don State Technical University, Soldatov B. G. , Soldatova N. V. ,   Rostov Branch of the Russian Customs Academy
Published: April 2023

Introduction of methodological techniques for teaching reading of advertising texts into the academic activities is determined by the necessity to identify effective forms of work with authentic advertising texts of a pragmatic nature at foreign language practical classes to form students’ linguistic competence, contributing to the practical use of foreign language as a means of obtaining information from foreign sources. The authors focus on the linguistic approach to teaching reading advertising texts taking into account the country-specific information contained in them. The paper describes the effective forms of work in foreign language classes through modeling various communication situations based on the material of advertising articles. Special attention is paid to the linguistic analysis of advertising texts in English, which contributes to the development of the ability to conduct a cultural study of these texts as a means of intercultural communication, forms the skills of critical comprehension of the information contained in the texts and the ability to interact with native speakers. The authors claim that in order to develop the ability to analyze professionally oriented texts in a foreign language, a socio-cultural approach should be applied – it is aimed at the selection of authentic pragmatic texts, including advertising. The paper presents the forms of methodological support for teaching reading of advertising texts in English as a purposeful interaction of students with the author of an advertising text, based on the principle of modern educational paradigm that involves forming skills of reading professionally oriented texts based on the system of communicative tasks that contribute to the implementation of subject-subject interaction when communicating, exchanging thoughts, knowledge, ideas and facts. The authors are considering a foreign language advertising text as an object of reading in communicative, pragmatic, linguistic and cognitive aspects.
The influence of axiological sphere of a person on the psychological readiness for entrepreneurial activity
Authors:   V.G. Timiryasov Kazan Innovative University, Klimanova N. G. , Trifonova T. A. ,   V.G. Timiryasov Kazan Innovative University, Kabirova A. A. ,   V.G. Timiryasov Kazan Innovative University
Published: April 2023

The paper studies the influence of values and socio-psychological attitudes towards the psychological readiness for entrepreneurship of the students of humanitarian training programs. The study is caused by the demand of the government for the search, development, and support of initiative young people who are focused on entrepreneurial activity, who want to carry on individual business and benefit society. The empirical study sample involves the Humanities students. The research was carried out on the base of the laboratory of V.G. Timiryasov Kazan Innovative University. The M. Rokeach Value Survey, O.F. Potemkina’s “Social-Psychological Attitudes of a Personality in the Motivation-Need Sphere” test, and E.K. Klimova’s “The Diagnosis of Psychological Readiness for Entrepreneurial Activity” questionnaire were the diagnostic tools. The authors compiled the ranking of values and attitudes of students in the motivation-need sphere. It was determined that for the surveyed students, the concrete values – “health” and “self-confidence” are the most significant, and the abstract values, not related to their ego – “the beauty of nature” and “happiness of others” are the least significant. Among values-means, action and communication values and ethic values are significant. The students manifested a dominant attitude towards freedom and a low level of general psychological readiness for entrepreneurship combined with the pronounced intention to become entrepreneurs and high enterprise self-esteem. The authors established the influence of values and socio-psychological attitudes towards the psychological readiness for entrepreneurial activity of the Humanities students. The values of active life and life wisdom, the focus on money, freedom, altruism, and selfishness play an activating role in it.
Structural transformations of the Russian economy under the influence of shocks and national economic security
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University of Economics, Plotnikov V. A.
Published: April 2023

In the last decade, the economic development conditions have changed significantly. It gives us the right to say that a new period called post-normality has begun in global economic evolution. This transition is associated with the high volatility of economic development indicators and the emergence of new threats to national economic security. One way to counter them is to change the structure of the economy. The paper considers the influence of the dynamics of transitional (crisis) states on the economic system structure. The following statement was adopted as a research hypothesis: crisis manifestations in the national economy of Russia cause its structural restructuring. The author carried out the analysis of the dynamics of gross value added in general and by sectors of the Russian economy for the period from 2011 to 2022, during which three shocks (crises) caused by the Crimean sanctions (2014–2015), the COVID-19 pandemic (2020), and unprecedented anti-Russian sanctions (2022) were observed. The author calculated the correlation coefficients for the dynamics of total and sectoral output, which allowed identifying the economy sectors developing co-directionally, oppositely, and indifferently to the dynamics of total output. New and somewhat paradoxical results related to the division of the economy into these sectors were obtained, which require further analysis. In relation to shocks (crises) accompanied by a drop in gross value added in the Russian economy as a whole, the author calculated the coefficients characterizing structural shifts in the economy. As a result, the proposed hypothesis was confirmed. The observed macroeconomic shocks were accompanied each time by structural shifts: the specific shares of sectors in the Russian economy changed. Just the data for 2022 look unusual, which allowed making a forecast about the intensification of structural shifts with an annual lag in 2023. This forecast requires further verification as additional numerical data become available. At the same time, the author noted that structural changes in the Russian economy are not active enough, which requires the activation of the state structural economic policy.
Characteristic properties of the microstructure and microtexture of medium-carbon steel subjected to sulfide stress cracking
Authors:   LLC “RN-BashNIPIneft”, Malinin A. V. , Sitdikov V. D. ,   LLC “RN-BashNIPIneft”, Tkacheva V. E. ,   LLC “RN-BashNIPIneft”, Makatrov A. K. ,   LLC “RN-BashNIPIneft”, Valekzhanin I. V. ,   LLC “RN-BashNIPIneft”, Markin A. N. ,   Branch of Industrial University of Tyumen in Nizhnevartovsk
Published: April 2023

Increasing the resistance of steel products to sulfide stress cracking (SSC) is one of the topical issues of the oil and gas industry. Among various factors determining the SSC resistance of a material is the structure-phase state of the material itself and the crystallographic texture associated with it. This paper analyzes these features using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and microroentgen electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) techniques. As the research material, a production string (PS) coupling made of medium-carbon steel was selected, which collapsed by the mechanism of hydrogen embrittlement and subsequent SSC. For the first time, by the SEM method, using the location and mutual orientation of cementite (Fe3C) particles, at high magnifications, the authors demonstrated the possibilities of identifying the components of upper bainite, lower bainite, and tempered martensite in steels. The presence of the detected structural components of steel was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Using the EBSD method, the detailed studies of microtexture were conducted to identify the type and nature of the microcrack propagation. It is established that the processes of hydrogen embrittlement and subsequent SSC lead to the formation of {101} <0¯10>, {100} <001>, {122} <2¯10>, {013} <211>, {111} <¯100>, {133} <1 ̅2 ̅1>, {32 ̅6 ̅} <201> grain orientations. It is shown that the strengthening of orientations of {001} <110>, {100} <001>, {112} <111>, and {133} <1 ̅2 ̅1> types worsens the SSC resistance of the material. Using the EBSD analysis method, the influence of coincident site lattice (CSL) grain boundaries on the nature of microcrack propagation is estimated. It is found that the Σ 3 CSL grain boundaries between the {122} <2¯10> and {111} <¯100>, {012} <1 ̅1 ̅0>, {100} <001> plates of the upper bainite inhibit the microcrack development, and the Σ 13b, Σ 29a, and Σ 39a CSL grain boundaries, contribute to the accelerated propagation of microcracks. For comparative analysis, similar studies were carried out in an unbroken (original) coupling before operation.
Statistical dependences of influence of ultrasonic exposure time on the strength and other parameters of a polypropylene welded joint
Authors:   Togliatti State University, Murashkin S. V. , Selivanov A. S. ,   Togliatti State University, Spiridonov N. G. ,   Togliatti State University, Savina E. B. ,   Togliatti State University
Published: April 2023

Polypropylene is one of the most popular thermoplastic materials used in industry. To produce goods from this material, the ultrasonic welding method is often used. However, despite a large number of scientific papers, the influence of some parameters of the ultrasonic welding mode on the strength characteristics of polypropylene joints remains unstudied. The paper presents the results of experimental studies of contact spot ultrasonic welding of plates 3 mm thick made of 01003-26 grade polypropylene. The authors considered the process of gradual penetration of the ultrasonic tool working face into polypropylene to a depth equal to the total thickness of the welded plates. Statistical dependences of the depth of the tool face penetration into the material and the force of material separation on the ultrasound exposure time are obtained. The influence of the depth of the ultrasonic tool working face penetration on the tearing force of welded specimens is determined. A significant increase in the tearing force from 150 to 400 N was found at the tool penetration depth of more than 3.5 mm due to an increase in the nominal area of mutual mixing of the material between the welded plates caused by the flow of molten material into the gap. The authors proposed a hypothesis about the flow of the molten material in the direction opposite to the direction of penetration of the working tool by forming traveling Rayleigh waves. However, its confirmation requires additional studies of the influence of the ultrasonic welding mode parameters and the size of the gap between the parts to be joined on the rate of the molten material flow into the gap.
Listening to ShotSpotter: Acoustics and Predictive Policing in Chicago
Authors: Simkin Maya
Published: April 2023

This project hopes to highlight a moving, multidirectional story about acoustic surveillance tools and how they are used to predict and conduct the future. I focus on ShotSpotter Inc’s occupation in Chicago, which has grown omnipresent following the signature of the city’s current contract with ShotSpotter for $33 million in the summer of 2021, lasting through August 2023 (Del Vecchio and Chapman 2022).2 Chicago is now blanketed with microphones and Strategic Decision Support Centers (“SDSC’s”) installed to 21 of the city’s 22 police districts. (Ibid and CBS 2020)3. Chicago accounted for 14% of ShotSpotter’s total revenue in 2021, as the company’s second largest customer (MarketScreener 2022)4. Activists in the city have protested this relationship, especially after ShotSpotter acquired predictive policing company HunchLab in 2018.5 Legislation in Illinois has yet to adequately grapple with advanced acoustic surveillance and predictive policing techniques, further ripening this moment for this dialogue.6
This project is not a study of the borne and exacerbated ills of ShotSpotter’s collaborations with Chicago Police and their rise of their technocratic methodologies, nor is the project much concerned with ShotSpotter’s credence as a technology that is successful even by its own objectives.7 Rather, this project is an experimental inquiry into how our futures may be patrolled by means of acoustic capture and prediction. I explored this by placing ShotSpotter’s approach in contrast with other shapes and styles of listening that nurture the past, present, and future.
Analysis on the Persisting Effects of Redlining on Green Infrastructure in Chicago Neighborhoods
Authors: Meyer Joel , Eshraghi Amirreza
Published: April 2023

This report looks at “redlining” maps produced by the Home Owners’ Loan Corporation (HOLC) to analyze the current green infrastructure levels in various neighborhoods of Chicago. Redlining maps, produced in the first half of the 20th century, essentially graded neighborhoods on their riskiness for mortgage lenders. These maps often followed strict racial lines marking neighborhoods with a majority of black and other minority occupants in red to indicate they were the riskiest, hence the term redlining.1 Gathering geospatial data from these HOLC maps and overlaying them with maps showcasing green infrastructure indicators provides a visual representation of the relationship between structural disinvestment in neighborhoods and their current green infrastructure levels. Additionally, some neighborhoods break the pattern, showcasing which areas have changed the most with investment, indicating changes that can be associated with things like gentrification. In the end, k-means clustering best showcases the patterns that have emerged when looking at two variables with such a large gap in time between when the data was collected: redlining information from the 1940’s, and green infrastructure indicators from to 2010’s.

This research was taken a step further to begin descriptive analytical assessments of the ways in which redlining information relates to a variety of other datasets on the built environment. In this way, trends were starting to emerge that could suggest redlining as a predictor for other variables, however, the neighborhood scale at which the data was categorized does not produce strong enough indications. Nonetheless, continuing this line of study at a smaller scale, perhaps at the census tract level, could lead to more conclusive findings with a stronger correlation between redlining information and other datasets on the built environment that highlight the need for, and lack thereof, green infrastructure in disenfranchised areas.
Ambient light at night causes desynchronization of rhythms in the sleep–wake switching model
Authors:   Saratov State University, Merkulova Ksenia , Postnov Dmitrij ,   Saratov State University
Published: April 2023

The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of the shape of the daily illumination profile on the synchronization of rhythms in the sleep–wake state switching model. Normally, the alternation of sleep and wakefulness of a person is synchronized with his circadian rhythm and with the 24-hour rhythm of illumination. There is, however, a lot of experimental evidence of a violation of this synchronism, both in the form of phase failures (for example, during air travel) and in the form of long-term mismatch of rhythms (for example, during shift work in production). Mathematical models of the process of switching between sleep and wakefulness also demonstrate the desynchronization of rhythms and are successfully used to optimize work schedules. At the same time, the influence of a number of factors on this process has not been sufficiently studied, including the nature of changes in illumination during the day. Methods. An analysis of the six-dimensional model under study shows that, in terms of nonlinear dynamics, the problem is reduced to finding and interpreting resonance regions on a three-dimensional torus. For the specific purposes of our work, it turned out to be convenient to estimate the ratio of three periods (24 hours, the circadian period, and the current duration of the sleep–wake cycle) by numerically integrating the model equations on a grid of parameter values using parallel computing technology. The main result of our work is that the presence of round-the-clock low-intensity illumination (that is, the addition of a zero-frequency signal to the daily light cycle) causes the circadian rhythm to desynchronize with respect to the daily one in a significant range of parameters. We have proposed an explanation of this effect based on the structure of the mathematical model. Conclusion. Our results raise at least two serious questions, the first of which is related to the physiological interpretation of one of the main variables of the model, sleep homeostasis, and the second is to refine the assumptions that are used in the model description of the photoreceptor response. In any case, there are interesting prospects for further research.
THE IMPACT OF ADSORBED MONOLAYERS WITH AN ARBITRARY CONCENTRATION RATIO OF OPPOSITE CHARGES ON THE ELECTRON AFFINITY OF A SEMICONDUCTOR
Authors: Strikha M. V. , Antoniuk D. V.
Published: April 2023

A dipole layer on the semiconductor’s surface with the equal concentration of oppositely charged adsorbed atoms (e. g., oxygen and metal) Ns(-) = Ns(+) can decrease the electron affinity by up to 3 eV. The  analytical part of this paper demonstrates that the asymmetry in the surface concentration of oxygen  and metal can impact the affinity in two ways: when Ns(-) > Ns(+), the affinity’s decrease is lower due to  upward bending of the bands in the region of the space charge of the semiconductor, while when Ns(-) < Ns(+) the affinity’s decreases greater due to the downward bending of the bands. Such impact is desirable as it facilitates fabrication of surfaces with low work function for modern emission electronic devices.
MOISTURE SENSITIVITY OF SILICATE GLASS AND CREATION OF A SENSOR BASED ON IT
Authors: Lepikh Ya. I. , Doicho I. K.
Published: April 2023

The article is devoted to the study of moisture adsorption on porous silicate glass. The ways of creating and controlling the parameters of the glass porosity are considered. The optimal processes of formation of the sizes of the pores, in which the sensitivity to humidity is the highest, have been established. The operating temperature range of the sensor has been determined, which exceeds existing analogs in terms of this characteristic. The structural diagram of the humidity sensor created on porous glass is given.