bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The scattering of cosmic ray particles in metal plates
Authors: Blackett Patrick Maynard Stuart , Wilson J. G.
Published: December 2006

Using an ordinary cloud chamber, Anderson (1933) measured the average angle of scattering of cosmic-ray particles of energy up to 3 x 10
8
e-volts in a lead plate of thickness 1·1 cm. Williams (1936) pointed out that, in such experiments, the scattering is multiple, and that the observed values agreed with the theoretical predictions, assuming the particles to be electrons. Recently Neddermeyer and Anderson (1937) have made some new measure­ments using a counter-controlled cloud chamber and a 1 cm. platinum plate. No numerical results are given, but the observed scattering of particles of energy up to 5 x 10
8
e-volts, which appears to be the limit of the energy measurements, seems in rough agreement with the earlier results. Using the counter-controlled cloud chamber already described by Blackett (1936) and by Blackett and Brode (1936), the multiple scattering of cosmic-ray particles of energy up 9 x 10
9
e-volts in lead and copper plates has been measured. In order to make such measurements possible, it is necessary to reduce as far as possible the distortion of the tracks in the chamber. The technique by which this can be achieved has been described by Blackett and Wilson (1937) in connexion with the measure­ment of the energy loss of rays in traversing metal plates. In fact, the photographs taken for the measurement of the energy loss were, amongst others, found suitable for the measurement of the scattering. The angle of scattering was measured by means of a goniometer eyepiece attached to a travelling microscope. The cross-wires were set tangentially to the track, first on one side and then on the other side of the plate. The mean of the two measured angles of deflexion, obtained from the two stereoscopic photographs, was taken as giving the projection on the plane of the chamber of the actual angle of scattering.
On the occurrence of helium in beryls
Authors: Fay J. W. J. , Gluckauf E. , Paneth Friedrich Adolf
Published: December 2006

When Lord Rayleigh first discovered the occurrence, in samples of beryl, of helium greatly in excess of the amount attributable to the traces of uranium and thorium contained therein, he suggested as the most plausible hypothesis that an unknown element present in beryl may emit
α
-particles with less than the critical velocity (Strutt 1908). Later, on the suggestion of B. B. Boltwood, he discussed another possibility, viz. that in crystallizing from the rock magma the beryls had occluded one of the shorter lived
α
-radioactive elements such as radium or ionium, which later decayed, leaving nothing but the helium as evidence of its former presence (Strutt 1910). In view of the subsequent discovery of isotopy both hypotheses were reconsidered in the light of this new knowledge. It has, for example, been suggested that the “unknown element”, decaying without detectable rays, might well be the isotope
8
Be; and further, that this isotope might have already completely decayed (Atkinson and Houtermans 1929; Rayleigh 1929).
The absorption spectra of sulphur dioxide and carbon disulphide in the vacuum ultra-violet
Authors: Price William Charles , Simpson Delia M.
Published: December 2006

In the near ultra-violet the absorption spectrum of sulphur dioxide has been investigated to a greater extent than that of any other triatomic molecule. The excellent work of Clements (1935) on the temperature dependence of the bands has enabled the
ν
0
of the upper state to be definitely fixed. It has resulted in a satisfactory analysis of the so-called low-frequency system (i. e. bands appearing at high pressures which are due to transitions from various initial vibrating states), and has yielded a plausible arrangement of part of the high-frequency system (bands appearing at low pressures and temperatures, and probably corresponding to transitions from vibrationless ground states to the various vibrational levels of the upper state). Asundi and Samuel (1935) have put forward an alternative analysis of these bands, but we do not favour it on the grounds that it disregards the results of temperature experiments, contains many violations of Herzberg and Teller’s selection rules (1933), and interprets several strong bands as transitions from initial vibrational states in spite of prohibitive Boltzmann factors. A photograph of the spectrum is shown in fig. 1
b
, Plate 3. The bands are very strong and appear at pressures of about 1/2 mm. in a path length of 1 m. Another system several times stronger than the previous one starts in the region of 2350 A. It has been investigated by several experimenters, but the only attempt at an analysis has been made by Chow (1933
a
,
b
). One of the difficulties that has troubled previous experimenters is that the bands continue to shorter wave-lengths past the transmission limit of quartz, and thus go outside the range of their instruments. We have therefore photographed the bands with a vacuum grating spectrograph, and in this way have obtained the absorption spectrum of sulphur dioxide down to about 1000 A. The technique used in obtaining the absorption spectra has been described previously (Collins and Price 1934). The Lyman continuum was employed as the continuous background against which the absorption was observed.
The Zeeman and Paschen-Back effects in strong magnetic fields
Authors: Kapitza Piotr Leonidovich , Strelkov P. G. , Laurman E.
Published: December 2006

The Zeeman effect in strong magnetic fields was first studied by Kapitza and Skinner (1925), the fields being obtained by a method developed by one of us (Kapitza 1924), in which an accumulator battery of small capacity was discharged through a coil. In this way it was possible to obtain magnetic fields up to 140,000 gauss during a time of 1/100 sec. It turned out that in such fields the majority of the spectral lines which were studied, split up (within the limits of experimental error) proportionally to the applied field, in accordance with the theory which had previously been verified only in weaker magnetic fields. An exception, however, was the zinc line at 4680 A, which gave a splitting about 10% greater than that predicted by the theory, this discrepancy being outside the limits of experimental error. Since then the method of producing strong magnetic fields has been considerably developed (Kapitza 1927); instead of the discharge of an accumulator the powerful current impulse from a short-circuited generator has been used, which has made possible the production of fields more than twice as great as those formerly obtained, and moreover, in considerably larger volumes. A the same time the technique of measuring the magnetic field has also been improved. Using these improvements we have made a new investigation of the Zeeman effect in fields up to 320,000 gauss, in which we have been able to increase considerably the accuracy of the measurements, and to explain the cause of the discrepancies previously found. We have also been able to investigate the Paschen-Back effect and to verify the theory of this effect.
The primary decomposition of ethane, and the reaction between ethane and nitric oxide
Authors: Gray T. J. , Travers Morris William , White F. T.
Published: December 2006

In a recent paper published in this journal, Staveley (1937) has shown that the effect of adding nitric oxide to ethane is to reduce the rate of increase in pressure when the gas is heated at constant volume in the neighbourhood of 600º. Assuming that the nitric oxide remains sensibly unchanged, he concludes that the effect of the addition of this gas is to inhibit the primary decomposition of the ethane, and explains this on the supposition that the nitric oxide removes free radicals, which initiate reaction chains. In the present paper we shall show that some important facts have been overlooked, and particularly that nitric oxide itself reacts with ethane at a rate which is comparable with that of the primary decomposition process. The method which we have used is substantially the same as we have employed in this laboratory in a number of other investigations, and has been referred to as the method of
detailed analyses
. It is admittedly laborious, and for this reason we have only been able to carry out a single series of experiments, in which the initial concentration of the ethane was 0·01 g. mol.- litre, and that of the nitric oxide one-tenth of this amount. The temperature at which the experiments were carried out was 590º. Two silica reaction tubes of capacity close to 59 c. c. were used, and each of these cracked on chilling after it had been used for about twenty experiments.
A high-temperature Debye-Scherrer camera, and its application to the study of the lattice spacing of silver
Authors: Hume-Rothery William , Reynolds Peter William
Published: December 2006

A Debye-Scherrer camera capable of giving accurate results at high temperatures is of great value in metallurgical research work. In Part I of the present paper a camera is described which has been designed primarily for accurate measurements of lattice spacings at temperatures up to 1000º C. In Part II results are given for the lattice spacing of silver at temperatures up to 943º C., and an equation is described which gives the coefficient of expansion of silver from the absolute zero to the melting-point. Part I In a previous publication (Hume-Rothery and Reynolds 1937) the authors have described the precautions which are necessary if the composition of annealed filings is to be determined accurately, and in high temperature work these difficulties are accentuated. At 1000º C. most metals are volatile to some extent in a vacuum, whilst many re appreciably volatile at atmospheric pressure. For precision work on alloys it is therefore usually undesirable to use any type of camera in which a small quantity of filings is heated in a relatively large space, particularly if the design is such that distillation from a hot to a cold region can occur. In the present camera these difficulties are avoided by enclosing the filings in a very thin-walled silica capillary tube which may be sealed off in a vacuum, or with an inert gas at a suitable pressure. The preparation and handling of these thin tubes requires special methods which are described on p. 29.
A new form of resorcinol. II. Thermodynamic properties in relation to structure
Authors: Robertson John Monteath , Ubbelohde A. R.
Published: December 2006

As is discussed below, resorcinol is one of a limited number of substances for which the denser polymorph is stable at higher temperatures. It is also one of the limited number of substances for which the detailed structure has been worked out for both forms. The correlation of thermodynamic properties wit structure is thus of particular interest, and is discussed in the first part of this paper. This discussion is followed by a description of experiments on the heat of transition between the two polymorphs, on the specific volume of liquid resorcinol, and on the relative stabilities of α- and
β
-resorcinol in the compounds C
6
H
4
(OH)
2
and C
6
H
4
(OD)
2
. Brief reference is also made to experiments on the polymorphism of penta-erythritol. The relation between enantiotropy and structure in resorcinol When two polymorphs can exist in thermodynamic equilibrium, it becomes possible to correlate the statistical and metrical factors which determine crystal structure. The most compact formulation of the statistical factors is obtained by using the thermodynamic function of the solid. By definition, the free energy
G
1
of a solid may be written
G
1
=
H
1
–
TS
1
, where
H
1
is the heat content and
S
1
the entropy of the solid
New integral representations of the polylogarithm function
Authors: Cvijović Djurdje
Published: December 2006

Maximon has recently given an excellent summary of the properties of the Euler dilogarithm function and the frequently used generalizations of the dilogarithm, the most important among them being the polylogarithm function Li

s

(
z
). The polylogarithm function appears in several fields of mathematics and in many physical problems. We, by making use of elementary arguments, deduce several new integral representations of the polylogarithm Li

s

(
z
) for any complex
z
for which |
z
|<1. Two are valid for all complex
s
, whenever Re 
s
>1. The other two involve the Bernoulli polynomials and are valid in the important special case where the parameter
s
is a positive integer. Our earlier established results on the integral representations for the Riemann zeta function
ζ
(2
n
+1),
n
∈
N
, follow directly as corollaries of these representations.
Rapid jamming avoidance in biosonar
Authors: Gillam Erin H , Ulanovsky Nachum , McCracken Gary F
Published: December 2006

The sonar systems of bats and dolphins are in many ways superior to man-made sonar and radar systems, and considerable effort has been devoted to understanding the signal-processing strategies underlying these capabilities. A major feature determining the efficiency of sonar systems is the sensitivity to noise and jamming signals. Previous studies indicated that echolocating bats may adjust their signal structure to avoid jamming (‘jamming avoidance response’; JAR). However, these studies relied on behavioural correlations and not controlled experiments. Here, we provide the first experimental evidence for JAR in bats. We presented bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) with ‘playback stimuli’ consisting of recorded echolocation calls at one of six frequencies. The bats exhibited a JAR by shifting their call frequency away from the presented playback frequency. When the approaching bats were challenged by an abrupt change in the playback stimulus, they responded by shifting their call frequencies upwards, away from the playback. Interestingly, even bats initially calling below the playback's frequency shifted their frequencies upwards, ‘jumping’ over the playback frequency. These spectral shifts in the bats' calls occurred often within less than 200 ms, in the first echolocation call emitted after the stimulus switch—suggesting that rapid jamming avoidance is important for the bat.
On the structure of the ultimate fibril of the muscle of animal life
Authors: Simon John , Green Joseph Henry
Published: December 2006

The author, considering that the careful dissections of Meckel and Cuvier have fully established the universal existence of a thyroid gland in the whole of the class Mammalia, proceeds to consider the comparative anatomy of this organ in the remaining classes of vertebrated animals. His dissections of birds have included all the orders, and, in most instances, several families from each: he has never failed to find in them a thyroid gland, and, with the aid of the microscope, to recognise its peculiar structure; he presumes, therefore, that it is universally present in that class of animals. He has also detected the presence of this organ in reptiles of every order; although generally either wholly overlooked by anatomists, or mistaken for the thymus. Descriptions are here given of its appearance, position and structure in different families of Chelonia, Sauria, Ophidia and Batrachia. In the class of Fishes, it is by no means universally or even generally present. The author has found it in the carp, anableps, pike, exocetus, cod, haddock, whiting, eel, sturgeon, callorhynchus, shark and skate, and perhaps in the lamprey. On the other hand, it appears to be absent in the perch, mullet, gurnard, mackerel, tench, salmon, trout, herring, plaice, halibut, turbot, sole, cyclopterus, gymnotus and balistes. The general conclusion which the author deduces from his researches is, that the distribution of the thyroid gland is regulated by a simple and uniform law; being dependent on the existence or nonexistence of another organ with which its presence alternates, and which, in many fishes, assumes the form of a minute supplementary gill, the vessels of which communicate, on the one hand, with the systemic veins about the base of the cranium, and on the other, by a single long trunk with the first branchial vein.
On the part played by benzene in poisioning by coal gas.
Authors: Staehelin R. , Starling Ernest Henry
Published: December 2006

In a recent paper Vahlen has maintained that a difference exists between the poisonous action of coal gas and of carbon monoxide, and Kunkel has also drawn attention to a similar difference in the case of frogs. In the course of a research which I was undertaking in University College for other purposes, at the suggestion of Professor h Starling, I have come across facts which may serve to explain the difference noted by these observers. My first object was to investigate the effect of deprivation of oxygen on the fatigue curve of muscles. To this end, a muscle was hung up in a closed chamber and the atmospheric air driven out by a stream of some other gas. When coal gas was used for this purpose, it was noticed that the muscle rapidly went into
rigor mortis
, whereas, in nitrogen, it remained excitable for many hours. I set myself, therefore, to find out which constituent of the coal gas was responsible for this poisonous effect.
On the origin of parasitism in fungi.
Authors: Massee George , Thiselton-Dyer William Turner
Published: December 2006

Up to the present no definite explanation has been offered as to why a given parasitic fungus is often only capable of infecting one particular species of plant. This, however, is well known to be the case, for although the spores of fungus parasites germinate freely on the surface of any plant when moist, infection only takes place when the spores germinate on the particular species of plant on which the fungus is known to be parasitic. This apparently selective power on the part of the fungus I consider to be due to chemotaxis. An extensive series of experiments were conducted with various species of fungi, including Saprophytes, facultative parasites, and obligate parasites, and the results are given in tabulated form in the full paper. The chemotactie properties of substances occurring normally in cell-sap were alone tested; among such may be enumerated saccharose, glucose, asparagin, malic acid, oxalic acid, and pectase. In those instances where the specific substance, or combination of substances, in the cell-sap assumed to be chemotactic could not be procured, the expressed juice of the plant was used.
Further observations on the rôle of the blood fluids in con­nection with phagocytosis.
Authors: Wright Almroth Edward , Douglas Stewart Ranken , Burdon-Sanderson John Scott
Published: December 2006

In a previous communication we showed that the phagocytosis which occurs when cultures of the Staphylococcus pyogenes are added to human blood, is directly dependent upon the presence of certain substances in the blood which exert a specific effect upon the bacteria. We suggested that the bacteriotropic substances here in question might appropriately be denoted by the term “opsonins.”
Sunspot variation in latitude, 1861–1902.
Authors: Lockyer William J. S. Lockyer , Lockyer Joseph Norman
Published: December 2006

In a previous communication, Sir Norman Lockyer and I gave the results of a discussion of prominence observations, and pointed out the necessity of dealing individually with small zones on the solar surface. In that paper brief reference was made to the law of spot zones, as discovered by Carrington, and corroborated by Sporer, and it was further stated that more modern observations had established these general deductions of spot distribution. The words “ general deductions” were purposely used, as it was then noticed that there were many anomalies that required explanation.
On the compressibilities of oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and carbonic oxide between one atmosphere and half an atmosphere of pressure, and on the atomic weights of the elements concerned.—Preliminary notice.
Authors: Strutt Robert John
Published: December 2006

The observations now referred to were conducted with an apparatus designed upon the same lines as that already described.* It must suffice to mention that the only important modification lay in the fact that the two single volumes, which, when employed together, con­stitute the double volume, were used separately and alternately, so as to eliminate in each set of measurements any question as to what the ratio of these volumes exactly is.
The electromotive phenomena in mammalian non-medullated nerve.
Authors: Alcock N. H. , Waller Augustus Desire
Published: December 2006

Up to the present time there would appear to have been no published researches on isolated mammalian non-medullated nerve, and indeed except for the paper of Broclie and Halliburton,* all our knowledge of these nerves has been either by inference from similar nerves in cold­- blooded animals or derived incidentally from experiments undertaken for a different object.
An inquiry into the nature of the relationship between sun spot frequency and terrestrial magnetism.
Authors: Chree Charles
Published: December 2006

1. The formula R =
a
+
b
S.........(1) where R is some magnetic quantity such as the amplitude of the diurnal oscillation of the needle,
a
and
b
constants, and S sunspot frequency (after Wolf and Wolfer), was first applied by Wolf to the mean declination range throughout the year.
On electric resistance thermometry at the temperature boiling hydrogen.
Authors: Dewar James
Published: December 2006

In my paper entitled “The Boiling Point of Liquid Hydrogen determined by Hydrogen and Helium Gas Thermometers,” communicated to the Society in 1901, I detailed means taken to determine the temperature in gas thermometer degrees at which liquid hydrogen boils.
The sparking distance between electrically charged surfaces.— Preliminary note.
Authors: Shaw P. E. , Poynting John Henry
Published: December 2006

Lord Kelvin first made systematic measurement of the relation between potential difference and sparking distance. He noticed that these factors do not vary in proportion and he surmised that this might be due to “ the air near dense bodies being condensed and so becoming a better insulator."
Experimental determinations for saturated solutions.
Authors: Berkeley Randal Thomas Mowbray Rawdon , Neville Francis Henry
Published: December 2006

The object of this research is the experimental determination of those physical constants of concentrated solutions, which are necessary for the tentative application of the gas-law equations. Saturated solutions were chosen because, presumably, dissociation is relatively at a minimum.
A method of measuring directly high osmotic pressures.
Authors: Berkeley Randal Thomas Mowbray Rawdon , Hartley E. G. J , Dampier William Cecil Dampier
Published: December 2006

This paper gives an account of some preliminary experiments made in furtherance of a scheme of work outlined by one of us in a communication to the Royal Society. The ordinary method of determining osmotic pressures,
i. e
., that adopted by Pfeffer, Adie, and others, is evidently not suitable for high pressures ; the difficulty of attaching the manometer to the porous pot in a manner such that it will not move at the junction is practically unsurmountable.
Note on the lymphatic glands in sleeping sickness.
Authors: Greig E. D. W. , Gray A. C. H. , Bruce David
Published: December 2006

Captain Greig, in a letter dated March 17, 1904, writes that following a suggestion of Dr. Mott, they have examined the contents of lymphatic glands during life from fifteen sleeping-sickness patients. In all of them actively motile trypanosomes were very readily found in cover-glass preparations taken from the cervical glands. They also present in other glands such as the femoral, but were not nearly so numerous. They found the trypanosomes to be far more numerous in the glands than in the blood or cerebro-spinal fluid, and believe that the examination of fluid removed from lymphatic glands will prove to be a much more rapid and satisfactory method of diagnosing early cases of sleeping sickness than the examination of the blood.
Bakerian lecture.—The succession of changes in radio-active bodies.
Authors: Rutherford Ernest
Published: December 2006

It has been shown by Rutherford and Soddy that the radio-activity of the radio-elements is always accompanied by the production of a series of new substances, possessing some distinctive physical and chemical properties. These new substances are not produced simultaneously, but arise in consequence of a succession of changes originating in the radio-elements. The radio-activity of these products is not permanent, but diminishes, in most cases according to an exponential law, with the time.
Studies on enzyme action. IV.—The sucroclastic action of acids as contrasted with that of enzymes.
Authors: Armstrong Edward Frankland , Caldwell Robert John , Armstrong Henry Edward
Published: December 2006

Not only are the various bioses hydrolysed at very different rates by enzymes but they are also known to differ in their behaviour towards acids: cane sugar being hydrolysed with the greatest facility, whilst maltose is acted upon but slowly. The experiments described in this communication were instituted primarily with the object of ascertaining the behaviour of milk sugar, of which nothing was known. The hydrolysis of cane sugar under the influence of acid was carefully investigated by Wilhelmy as far back as 1850, with the aid of the polariscope, then a new instrument.
Enzyme action as bearing on the validity of the ionic-dissociation hypothesis and on the phenomena of vital change.
Authors: Armstrong Henry Edward
Published: December 2006

On several occasions of late years, I have protested against the dogmatic attitude assumed by the advocates of the ionic-dissociation hypothesis of chemical change and have remarked on the danger of allowing a purely mathematical treatment to supersede a careful, unbiassed consideration of the facts as these present themselves to the chemist. I have insisted on the limited application of the hypothesis —especially in explanation of the behaviour of the large majority of organic compounds; and have contended that an association hypothesis is preferable and of far wider application: yet, in so doing, I have always recognised that the dissociation hypothesis is often susceptible of numerical treatment in a way which places it at a great advantage.
Long-term fluctuations in the Earth’s rotation: 700 BC to AD 1990
Authors: Stephenson F. R. , Morrison L. V.
Published: December 2006

Records of solar and lunar eclipses in the period 700 BC to AD 1600, originating from the ancient and medieval civilizations of Babylon, China, Europe and the Arab world, are amassed and critically appraised for their usefulness in answering questions about the long-term variability of the Earth’s rate of rotation. Results from previous analyses of lunar occupations in the period AD 1600-1955.5, and from high-precision data in AD 1955.5-1990, are included in the dataset considered in this paper.
Time-series methods for fault detection and identification in vibrating structures
Authors: Fassois Spilios D , Sakellariou John S
Published: December 2006

An overview of the principles and techniques of time-series methods for fault detection, identification and estimation in vibrating structures is presented, and certain new methods are introduced. The methods are classified, and their features and operation are discussed. Their practicality and effectiveness are demonstrated through brief presentations of three case studies pertaining to fault detection, identification and estimation in an aircraft panel, a scale aircraft skeleton structure and a simple nonlinear simulated structure.
The answer of Monsieur Mariotte to Monsieur Pecquet, about the opinion, that the Choroeides is the principal organ of sight; communicated to the publisher from Paris, and Englished as follows
Authors: Mariotte Edme
Published: December 2006

Sir, I Have in your Answer seen the reasons, which hinder you from believing that the
Choroeides
is the Principal Organ of Sight; but though they were very Acute, and carried a great deal of Probability with them, yet I did not find them strong enough to oblige me, to grant back again this preeminence to the
Retina
.
An accompt concerning the baths of Austria and Hungary; as also some stone-quarries, talcum rocks, &c. in those parts: By the same hand
Authors: Brown Edward
Published: December 2006

In order to answer some of the other
Queries
; I here present you with this Accompt concerning
Baths
, and some other subjects, contained therein.
An extract of an Italian letter written from Venice by Signor Jacomo Grandi, to an acquaintance of his in London, concerning some anatomical observations, and two odd births: English'd by the publisher, as follows
Authors: Grandi Jacomo
Published: December 2006

Having been honour’d here with the place of Publick Anatomist of
Venice
, though I have given as yet but a very slender accompt of my performances, in comparison of the illustrious example of
Mundinus, Veslingius, Molineta
, &
c
.
An extract of a letter - written by Francis Willoughby Efquire to the publisher, containing some observations of his made on some sycamore-trees, the black-poplar, and the walnut: As also his thoughts about the dwarf-oaks, and the stellar fish described in Numb,. 57
Authors: Willoughby Francis
Published: December 2006

i am sorry, i cannot return you a better answer to yours of March 19; the experiments, which our leasure hath since permitted us to make, being not sufficient to found a new hypothesis on, to confirm Dr. Tongs.
A letter of Mr. Joseph Childrey to the Right Reverend Seth Lord Bishop of Sarum, containing some animaversions upon the Reverend Dr. John Wallis's hypothesis about the flux and reflux of the sea, publish't No. 16. of these tracts
Authors: Childrey Joseph
Published: December 2006

My Lord, The last Summer I acquainted your Lordship, that I had in my mind animadverted somethings upon Dr.
Wallis
's Hypothesis concerning the
Flux
and
Reflux
of the Sea; which I have at length gotton time to put in writing, and here present them inclosed to your Lordship. If upon perusal of them, you shall think them worth transmitting to Dr.
Wallis
, or communicating them to the
R. Society
, I only desire your Lordships and Their favourable censure of my judgment and reasons.
Some communications, confirming the present appearance of the ring about Saturn
Authors: Huygens Christian , Hooke Robert
Published: December 2006

The
former
writeth in Letter of his, dated at the
Hague
Octob. 31. 1670. st. n. That he observ'd
Saturn
with his Telescope of 22 feet, a little before he came out of
France
, which was the last Summer of this 1670.
An accompt of some books. I. De corporum affectionibvs cummanifestis ium occvltis, libri duo: Seu promotœ per Experimenta philosophiœ speciment. Auth. J. B. Du Hamel, Ecclesiœ Bajocensis Cancellario. Parisiis, 1670. in 12°. II. Elementa physica, sive nova philosophiœ principia; ubi cartesianotum principiorum falsitas ostenditur, ipsiusque errores ac paralogismi ad oculum demonstrantur ac resuianiur, à Francisco Wilhelmo libero barone de Nuland, &c. Hagœ Comitis, 1669. in 12°. III. A discourse of local m
Authors: Du Hamel Jean-baptiste
Published: December 2006

An accompt of some books. I. De corporum affectionibvs cummanifestis ium occvltis, libri duo: Seu promotœ per Experimenta philosophiœ speciment. Auth. J. B. Du Hamel, Ecclesiœ Bajocensis Cancellario. Parisiis, 1670. in 12°. II. Elementa physica, sive nova philosophiœ principia; ubi cartesianotum principiorum falsitas ostenditur, ipsiusque errores ac paralogismi ad oculum demonstrantur ac resuianiur, à Francisco Wilhelmo libero barone de Nuland, &c. Hagœ Comitis, 1669. in 12°. III. A discourse of local motion, Englisht out of French. London, 1670. in 12°. IV. Congietture physico. Astronomiche della natura del Vniverso, da Pietro M. Cavina; in Faenza, 1669. in 4°. V. Dimostratione fisico. Matematica delle sette propositioni, che promesse Donato Rosetti, In Frienze 1668. in 4°. The Learned Author of this Treatise having represented in the
Preface
, that the
Grecian
Philosophy concerning Nature, hath been so far from being able to grow up any thing considerably, that by the more Generous and the more Intelligent men of this Age, it is esteem'd rather to have degenerated and decayed; giveth here a
specimen
of Natural Philosophy improved and advanced by Observations and Experiments; not only endeavouring to explicate, from the Principles of the Modern Philosophers, the Qualities and Powers of Bodies, but also giving an Accompt of the more notable Experiments, made in this Age in divers places, as
England
, France,
Italy
,
Germany
, &c.
An extract of Monsieur Christian Hugens de Zulichem his letter to the publisher, of the 15th. of May 1674 from Paris, touching his thoughts of Mr. Hook’s Observations for proving the Motion of the Earth, not long since printed by Mr. Martyn, and taken notice of in numb. 101. of these tracts
Authors: Huygens Christian , Cassini Jean Dominique
Published: December 2006

The Observations of Mr.
Hook
for finding out the Motion of the Earth are very good, and of great consequence; but they must be continued, to see, whether in the course of one or more years the
Parallaxes
do regularly answer to the Annual Motion of the Earth.
An account of the two sorts of the Helmontian Laudanum, communicated to the publisher by the Honourable Robert Boyle, together with the way of the Noble Baron F. M. van Helmont (son to the famous Johannes Baptista,) of preparing his Laudanum
Authors: Boyle Robert
Published: December 2006

As for the
Helmontian Laudanum
, you may use your own Liberty in suspecting the Receipts that go a bout of it.
Some queries and answers, relating to an account given in numb. 54. by Dr. Edw. Brown, of a strange lake in Carniola, call'd the zirchnitz-sea: The queries were made by a curious person in France; the answers given by the author of the said Accompt
Authors: Brown Edward
Published: December 2006

1. Q. W
hether the Mountains that compass this Lake, except on the South-side, be very high, and whether the Snow keep long upon them
?
An accompt of D. Paulus Biornonius, residing in Iceland, given to some philosophical inquiries concerning that country, formerly recommended to him from hence: The narrative being in Latin, 'tis thus English't by the publisher
Authors: Biornonius Paulus
Published: December 2006

The Captain of the English Ship being ready to set sail, I cannot now answer your queries so fully as I intended.
An extract of a letter of Dr. J. Wallis, to M. Hevelius, from Oxford, Decemb. 31. 1673. gratulatory for his organographia; and particularly concerning divisions by diagonals, lately inserted in Mr. Hooks animad versions on the first part of the machina cœlestis of the honourable Joh. Hevelius, but so faultily there printed, that it was thought fit, at the authors desire, in his letter to the publisher, of Januar. 4. 1674/5. to be here done more correctedly
Authors: Wallis John
Published: December 2006

Duplicisaltem nomine, (Clarissime Celeberrimćq; Vir,) gratias Tibireferendas habeo; meoscilicet, & totius Academiæ; proper duo dono data Organographiæ tuæ nuper editæ Exemplaria, Clarissimi Oldenburgii curd tradita.
The improvement of Cornwa'l by sea sand, communicated by an intelligent gentleman well acquainted in those parts to Dr. Dan. Cox
Authors: Cox Dan
Published: December 2006

'Tis well known, that
Lands are valued
according to the
nearness
or
distance
of that commodity. Near the Sea, or a navigable River are few of those waste and unimproved Lands.
A conjecture concerning the bladders of air that are found in fishes, communicated by A. I; and illustrated by an experiment suggested by the Honorable Robert Boyle
Authors: Boyle Robert
Published: December 2006

Reflecting on that Question, Whether Liquids gravitate upon Bodies Immersed or not? I came to a Resolution in my own thoughts, that they do gravitate; and one of the greatest instances that did occurr to me was, that a bubble of Air, rising from the bottom, does dilate it self all the way to the top
Lunæ totaliter deficientis observationes, Londini in arce Londlnensi habitæ, idque in ædibus & cum instrumentis Jonæ More Equ. Aurati, à Johanne Flamsteadio, astr. regio, nocte seqente d. Junii 26. 1675. st. vet
Authors: Flamstedio Johanne
Published: December 2006

Coelum à meridie præcedente nubibus densissimis coopertum, exiguam nobis spem reliquerat defectum hunc observandi; hisce tamen sub occasum Solis attenuatis, dispersis deinde, & circa horizontem Subsidentibus, Jovem primùm paulò ante mediam noctem, Satellitibus suis quatuor stipatum, deinde Lunam, sudo sub Cœlo, vidimus.
Some experiments made in the air pump upon plants, together with a way of taking exhausted receivers away from off the said engin: Tryed by the same persons mention'd in numb. 119. viz. Monsieur Hugens and M. Papin
Authors: Huygens Christian , Papin M.
Published: December 2006

I took one day a small Recipient shaped like that, described formerly, and instead of an Iron wire, I passed into the little hole a sprig of a known Plant, which was
Baulme
, so as that the Top of the plant was within the Recipient, and the Roots without.
Mr. Isaac Newton's considerations former reply; together with further directions, how to make the experiments controver­ted aright: written to the publisher from Cambridge, Novemb. 13; 1675
Authors: Newton Isaac
Published: December 2006

Sir, When you shew’d me Mr.
Line's
second Letter, I remember I told you, that I thought an answer in writing would be insignificant, because the dispute was not about any Ratiocination
Some experiments touching animals, made in the airpump by the persons formerly mentioned, viz. Monsieur Hugens and M. Papin
Authors: Hugens  , Papin M.
Published: December 2006

One day I included in the
vacuum
an
Insect
which resembles a
Beetle
, but is a little bigger; and when I perceived it to appear dead, I gave it Air again, and it soon after recovered.
An extract of a letter, relating an experiment made for altering the colour of the chyle in the lacteal veins, by Martin Lister Esq;
Authors: Lister Martin
Published: December 2006

The passage of the Chyle through the Intestines in to the Lacteal Veins, is a thing hitherto demonstrated to the Eye by none.
A correct tide-table, shewing the true times of the high-waters at London-Bridge, to every day in the Year 1683
Authors: Flamsteed John
Published: December 2006

Sir, Considering how much the River of
Thames
is frequented by Shipping, and how long it has been the Chief Place of
Commerce
in these Part of the World
A theory of the variation of the Magnetical Compass, by Mr. Ed. Halley Fellow of the R. S
Authors: Halley Edmond
Published: December 2006

The Variation of the Compass (by which I mean the deflection of the Magnetical Needle from the true Meridian) is of that great concernmeut in the Art of Navigation: that the neglect thereof, does little less than render useless one of the noblest Inventions mankind ever yet attained to.
I. Some observations upon the ruins of a Roman wall and multangular-tower at York.
Authors: Lister Martin
Published: December 2006

I carefully viewing the antiquities of York, and particularly what might relate to the Roman Empire, of which this place had been a seate; and the dwelling of at least two of the Empercurs, Severus and Constantine.
An extract of two letters from Mr. Sampson Birch, an alderman and apothecary at Stafford, concerning an ex-traordinary birth in Staffordshire, with reflections thereon by Edw. Tyson M. D. Fellow of the Coll. of Physitians, and of the R. Society.
Authors: Birch Sampson , Tyson Edward
Published: December 2006

The wife of one Taylor a taylor in Heywood in Stafford-Sheir about 24. or 25. years of age, being married about a year, in January last fell into travel, and not being able to be delivered.
An account of the earthquake that happened at Oxford and the parts adjacent Sept. 17. 1683. by a Fellow of a College in that University, and of the Royal Society
Authors: Pigot Thomas
Published: December 2006

When you engaged me to give you some observation upon the late
earthquake
, which happened here at
Oxford
, the 17th of
Sept
. 1683.
An account of the cutting out the cæcum of a bitch by the ingenious William Musgrave LL. B. Student in Physick, and Fellow of New-College Oxon
Authors: Musgrave William
Published: December 2006

The use of the
cæcum
being a
desideratum
in anatomy I thought it worth my while to try, what light the
cutting
of that part, might afford us, in a matter so obscure In my first experiment of this kind (which was in the Easter-week 1683.) my hopes were soon defeated, by the death of the dog two days after the operation; but being more successful in, a second attempt, l will now (according to your desire) give you account of it:
Some observations, and conjectures concerning the Chinese characters
Authors: Hooke Robert
Published: December 2006

Whether there ever were any language natural, I dispute not: but that there have been, are and may be artificial languages 'tis nor difficult to prove.
An historical account of the trade winds, and monsoons, observable in the seas between and near the Tropicks, with an attempt to assign the physical cause of the said winds
Authors: Halley Edmond
Published: December 2006

An exact relation of the constant and periodical winds, observable in several Tracts of the ocean, is a part of natural history not less desireable and useful, than it is difficult to obtain, and it's phænomena hard to explicate
An uncommon inscription lately, found on a very great basis a pillar, dug up Rome; with an interpretation of the same by the learned Dr. Vossius
Authors: Vossius Isaacus
Published: December 2006

This inscription was sent by that excellent philosopher and mathematician Mr. Adrian Auzout, who coppyed it from the stone
Several observations of the eclipse of Jupiter by the Moon on March the 31th. 1686. St. Vet. whereof some account has already been given in Transaction No. 181
Authors: Cassini Jean Dominique , Bonfa R. P. , Zimmerman I. Iac , Wurtzelbaur J. Ph.
Published: December 2006

The most accurate observation of this eclipse we have received, is that of Mr. Cassini, made in the Royal Observatory at Paris, published in the Journal des Scavans of the 10th of June last, the substance whereof is as follows.
An extract of a letter from Mr. J. Flamsteed Astr. Reg. and Reg. Soc. S. givinghis calculation of the eclipses of Jupiters satellites for the year 1687. Together with a table of the parallaxes of the orb, and an ephemeris of Jupiters geocentric place for the same year; to which is added an observation of the eclipse of the Moon, Novemb. 30, 1685. made at Lisbon, and mr. Flamsted's own observation of the eclipse of Jupiter by the Moon on March 31th. past
Authors: Flamsteed John
Published: December 2006

I give you here a catalogue of all the eclipses of 4 s satellites, for the ensueing year 1687.
A relation of a petrified glandula pinealis, lately found in the dissection of a brain
Authors: King Edmond
Published: December 2006

Mr. Robert Bacon, master of arts, of Corpus Christi Colledge in Oxford, a pious learned man, above 75 years of age, was formerly employed in transcribling and publishing the posthumous works of Dr. Robert Gell
Accounts of books. (I.) Le grand & fameux probleme de la quadrature du cercle resolu geometriuement par le cercle & la ligne droite, par Monsieur Mallement de Messange. A Paris, in 12° 1686. With a refutation of the same, by mr. D. Cluverius. Reg. S. Soc. II Voiage de Siam des Peres Jesuites envoyez par le Roy aux indes & a la Chine. A Paris 1686. 4°
Authors: Cluverus Dethlevus
Published: December 2006

This author is one of those unhappy geometricians, who without having acquired a through understanding of the principles, have yet thought themselves able to master the abstrusest difficulties in this nice mathematical science, where the least oversight or mistake subverts the whole superstructure.
A letter of Monsieur Cassini to the publisher, giving his corrections of the theory of the five satellites of Saturn; with tables of the motions of those satellites, adapted to the Meridian of London, and the Julian account
Authors: Cassini Jean Dominique
Published: December 2006

Ce que j'ay escrit jusqu' a present sur les nouvelles decouvertes, que j'ay faites depuis quelque temps dans le Ciel, est si peu de chose, que je ne l'ay pas jugé digne d' estre presenté a la Societé Royale.
De numero radicum in æquationibus solidis ac biquadraticis, five tertiæ ac quartæ potestatis, earumq; limitibus, tractatulus Authore E. Halley
Authors: Halley Edmond
Published: December 2006

Cum in tractatulo, quem nuper publici juris feci in actis hisce Philosophicis, Num. 188;
A correct tide-table, shewing the true times of the high-waters at London-Bridge, to every day in the year 1688
Authors: Flamsteed John
Published: December 2006

But Note, that in such of these Places as lie open to the Sea, and where no great Rivers are, the Quarter-moon-high-waters, hold out longer than the times shewd by this Reduction, near half an hour.
A discourse concerning the modern theory of generation, by Dr. George Garden of Aberdeen, being part of a letter to Dr. William Musgrave, LL. D. Reg. Soc. S. and by him communicated to the Royal Society
Authors: Garden George
Published: December 2006

The Subject I pitch upon, is that of the formation of Animals.
A letter from that incomparable botanist Mr. John Ray, giving an account of the phytographia of Leonard Plukenet, M. D. Lately published. Lond. fol. 1691
Authors: Ray John , Plukenet Leonard
Published: December 2006

Sir, In compliance with your desires I have sent you a short Account of Dr.
Plukenets Phytographia
, not such an one as the Work deserves, but as I am able to draw up: wherein if you find not satisfaction blame your own Judgment for thinking me able to give it.
The method the Indians in Virginia and Carolina use to dress buck and doe-skins; as it was communicated to the Royal Society by the Honourable Sir Robert Southwell, Knt. their President
Authors: Southwell Robert
Published: December 2006

The
Pelt
being taken off is first streined by Lines, or otherwise, most like the Clothiers Racks, but for no other purpose but to dry them.
An account of the measure of the thickness of gold upon gilt-wire, together with a demonstration of the exceeding minuteness of the atoms or constituent particles of gold; as it was read before the R. Society, by E. Halley
Authors: Halley Edmond
Published: December 2006

What are the Constituent parts of Matter, and how there comes to be so great a diversity in the weight of Bodies to all appearance equally solid and dense, such as are Gold and Glass, (whose specifick Gravities are nearly as 7 to 1) seems a very hard question to those that shall rightly consider it.
VII. Observatio anatomica rara de calculo in Rene invento à Cl. Viro D
rt
. Wittie, R. S. hand it a pridem communicata.
Authors: Wittie D.
Published: December 2006

Generosa quædam annorum 31 modestiâ, prudentiâ, pietate, tamque formâ corporis quàm animi dotibus omnibus numeris absoluta, Anorexiâ ac ventriculi dyscrasiâ diu laboraverar, ut vel parum appeteret, & ne quicquam deglutire posset, quod non statim evomuit, cum copiosâ æruginosæ biiis per alvum dejectione.
IV. Dr. Molineux’s historical account of the late general coughs and colds; with some observations on other epidemick distempers
Authors: Molineux
Published: December 2006

Among the many secret workings of Nature, none seems more to deserve our Observation, than the rise and progress of Epidemick Distempers: Since Health, one of our chiefest Goods, is so nearly concerned, as to engage us in the Enquiry, and the Intricacy of the Subject may naturally stir up our Curiosity to the utmost prosecution of it.
V. Of a stone found in the gall-bladder of a woman
Authors: T. J.
Published: December 2006

After throwing up the sternon, and inspecting the parts contained in the cavity of the breast, I found the lobes of the lungs extreamly turgid, and its vesicles impleat with a grumous blood, their investing membrane in the upper part adhered fimly to the pleura