bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Outside the Box Warehousing: When Thinking of Inputs as Outputs Makes Sense
Authors: Brazhkin Vitaly
Published: April 2018

As the supply chain revolution continues, small and medium‐sized enterprises and smaller facilities of large companies experience an increased pressure from their adjacent supply chain partners and their own senior management to improve their performance. This places higher demands on the accuracy of their performance measurement, particularly labor productivity in warehouses. Smaller facilities cannot afford to implement engineered labor standards (ELS) and rely on traditional metrics of output, such as piece count, which do not provide the reliable level of accuracy demanded today. Changing the traditional view of the inputs‐outputs paradigm, this study suggests a unique labor productivity metric for non‐ELS facilities based on warehouse lift‐truck utilization data. Empirical tests using a longitudinal data set from an automotive parts distribution center provide evidence that the new metric is more accurate than the traditional output metrics because it is not affected by the assignment contribution error due to workload smoothing. The new metric offers managers an opportunity to fine‐tune labor productivity measurement in warehouses and other environments with extensive lift‐truck utilization without investing in ELS projects.
Determination of copper, manganese and chromium in wine
Authors: Smoleń Piotr , Sekuła Edyta , Kleszcz Krzysztof
Published: April 2018

The aim of the study was to determine the content of copper, manganese and chromium in white and red wines available on Polish market. The results have been compared with similar studies of other researchers as well as with the recommendations regarding dietary intake of analysed elements. Statistical analysis showed that there was a statistically important difference in manganese and copper content between the two groups of wines.
Operation of an induction motor supplied by voltage containing subharmonics
Authors: Drabek Tomasz
Published: April 2018

The paper discusses the effects of the presence of subharmonics (i.e. frequencies lower than the basic 50 Hz) in the voltage supplying the induction machine. Subharmonics in a three-phase grid are the result of the oscillations of peak values of the voltages. In induction machines, this results in the subharmonic and interharmonic currents, the generation of alternating moments, the increase in the rms value of the current of the fundamental harmonic and the oscillations of the rotor speed. In the paper is derived expression on the thermally acceptable load of the motor (by torque and power), in the case of supplying it by three-phase voltage containing a positive sequence of subharmonics. It presented the obstacles to derive the analogical expression for power supply containing a negative sequence of subharmonics.
Oncogene-induced mitotic catastrophe and apoptosis in glioblastoma cells in vitro
Authors: Zięba Jolanta , Stoczyńska-Fidelus Ewelina , Rieske Piotr
Published: April 2018

Glioblastoma (GB) is one of the most prevalent and aggressive primary brain tumour. The median survival of GB patients who underwent standard therapy (neurosurgical resection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy) is 14 months. There for, GB treatment remains a great challenge. Furthermore, in vitro culturing of glioblastoma cells constitutes problematic issue. The reason for these difficulties might be found in 3 processes that were observed during in vitro cell culturing: apoptosis, mitotic catastrophe and senescence. The spontaneous occurrence of these phenomena leads to inhibition of cell division and / or cell death. Only a small percentage of glioblastoma cases present a genetic predisposition to be cultured in vitro. Analysis of available date indicate that 50% of GB cell lines are characterised by the coexistence of TP53 mutations and CDKN2A deletions. Comparing this percentage to 5% of coexistence of above-mentioned genetic changes in samples collected from patients (presenting) we can presume that the presence of those alterations has impact on stabilization of glioblastoma cell cultures. Importantly, proteins p16, p14 (encoded by CDKN2A) and TP53 protein are involved in the mentioned processes. In vitro dominates, senescence, apoptosis and mitotic catastrophe of glioblastoma cells. Identification of factors, responsible for spontaneous inhibition of cell division and / or cell death of glioblastoma cells in vitro, may provide a ground for a new GB therapeutic approach.
Targeted therapy with monoclonal antibodies: Do we observe progress in the management of female genital tract cancers?
Authors: Wilczyński Jacek R. , Nowak Marek , Wilczyński Miłosz
Published: April 2018

Targeted therapy with monoclonal antibodies (moAbs) has become a valuable supplementation for classic chemo- and radiotherapy. The first part of this review presents in a condensed way the characteristics and mechanism of action of moAbs most commonly used and/or tested for therapy of female genital tract malignancies, including: bevacizumab (anti-VEGF-A moAb), cetuximab (anti-EGFR moAb), trastuzumab (anti-ErbB2/HER2 moAb), catumaxomab (anti-EpCAM/anti-CD3 moAb), oregovomab (anti-MUC16 moAb) and farletuzumab (anti-FR-α moAb). The second part of the review discusses the results of the recent clinical trials devoted to the usefulness of moAbs in the management of cervical, endometrial and ovarian cancers. The unquestionable progress in this field has made possible the introduction of bevacizumab for the treatment of advanced ovarian, Fallopian tube or peritoneal cancer, as well as advanced, recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer. Similarly, catumaxomab has been registered for the intraperitoneal treatment of malignant
ascites in EpCAM positive ovarian cancer when standard therapy is no longer available.
Improvement of the process of handling participants in road traf-fic events by the police in the Opole voivodship
Authors: Kulinska Ewa , Maslowski Dariusz , Wojtynek Lilianna
Published: April 2018

The article presents the process of handling participants in road traffic accidents by the police privileged vehicles.
The following research tools were used to conduct the study: theoretical (analysis, synthesis, generalization, comparison) and practical (method of ordering, observation, direct interview).
The analysis of the number of road accidents in the Opole Voivodship between 2010 and July 2016 with particular focus on the handling of road accidents under the current research was conducted.
The improvements to this process have been proposed as a result of the analysis.
Legal regulations in the field of cultural heritage protection in Poland after 1989 – evaluation attempt
Authors: Landmann Tomasz
Published: April 2018

This article attempts to analyze the legal regulations developed in the field of cultural heritage protection after 1989, with particular reference to the acquis after 2003. A thesis has been formulated that the period after 1989 was characterized by a clear redefinition of objectives and priorities in the field of cultural heritage protection compared to the period of the People’s Republic of Poland.
To prove the thesis, the author referred to legal acts and jurisprudence, as well as to literature based on studies and articles from scientific journals on the legal protection of monuments. The research methods used were the legal acts analysis method and the literature analysis method.
The presented content shows that the issue of legal protection of cultural heritage in Poland after 1989 was treated as one of the most important aspects of the long-term cultural policy of the state, although the work on the new law lasted for a relatively long time, 14 years after the political and structural transformation. The 2003 Act regulated a number of important issues regarding the protection of monuments and the care for monuments, redefining, and in many aspects setting, new directions in the field of cultural heritage protection in Poland. At the same time the legislator rejected the possibility of continuing the direction in this sphere, which had been chosen in the period between 1944 and 1989.
Personal resources in coping with stress among paramedics part 2
Authors: Netczuk-Gwozdziewicz Marzena
Published: April 2018

The purpose of this project was to determine the relationships between the sense of coherence and paramedics’ coping with stress styles. Owning such resources as high sense of coherence or task-oriented coping with stress style does not imply triggering them in encountering a critical situation. However, if triggered, they become an important variable acting as an intermediary between stressful events and coping. Two concepts serve as a theoretical basis: R. Lazarus’ transactional theory of stress and Antonovsky’s salutogenic theory.
Identification and mapping of project stakeholders: criteria and methods
Authors: Downar Wojciech
Published: April 2018

A key issue for stakeholder management is to determine who, to what extent and why can influence a project. Proper identification of stake-holders and their classification according to the criteria adopted al-lows for defining their hierarchy, strength and impact on the project. This, in turn, conditions the development of a strategy for dealing with individual stakeholder groups. The definitions of the concept of a stakeholder have been reviewed to determine the identification crite-ria. The article also attempts to systematize methods of qualifying stakeholders, depending on the number of differentiation criteria. The methods used for the qualification of stakeholders are often presented graphically.
Glutenfree diet: Characteristics of target groups
Authors: Dittfeld Anna , Gwizdek Katarzyna , Parol Damian , Michalski Marek
Published: April 2018

A gluten-free diet is a diet very popular, though it raises a number of misconceptions. This is currently the only effective treatment for diseases caused by reaction to gluten. Some experts suggest that it may yield positive effects in some patients suffering from irritable bowel syndrome, autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, multiple sclerosis and other neurological and psychiatric diseases. There are some considerations as to the possibility of using it in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease, Addison’s disease, diabetes type 1. Despite numerous anecdotal evidence, there is no evidence that the gluten-free diet in athletes increases results. A properly balanced gluten-free diet is wholesome, but there is the possibility of mistakes made by those who use it without proper accuracy. The requirement for such a nutritional intervention is to make a diagnostics for celiac disease.
Anal Cytology: Institutional Statistics, Correlation With Histology, and Development of Multidisciplinary Screening Program With Review of the Current Literature
Authors: Morency Elizabeth G. , Harbert Tracey , Fatima Nazneen , Samolcyzk Julia , Maniar Kruti P. , Nayar Ritu
Published: April 2018

Context.—

The incidence of anal cancer in the United States is on the rise in high-risk populations. The anal Papanicolaou test (APT) is advocated as a screening tool, in addition to digital rectal examination and high-resolution anoscopy.

Objective.—

To review our experience and the current literature to create, in cooperation with clinicians, a standardized screening and treatment algorithm given our large volume of APTs.

Data Sources.—

All APTs collected between January 2013 and June 2015 were reviewed and correlated with follow-up/concurrent biopsy diagnoses, and clinical and social history. In total, 1417 APTs were performed on 1185 patients and APT results were as follows: 17.4% (247 of 1417) unsatisfactory; 27.9% (395 of 1417) negative; 19.5% (276 of 1417) atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US); 24.1% (342 of 1417) low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL); 3.6% (51 of 1417) atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) (ASC-H); and 7.5% (106 of 1417) HSIL. In total 376 cases (26.5%) had concurrent/follow-up biopsy. Review of all unsatisfactory cases with squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) on biopsy showed LSIL in 19.2% (5 of 26). Anal Papanicolaou test with cytologic abnormality (ASC-US+) had an 83.8% (315 of 376) rate of biopsy-proven disease, and sensitivity was higher (92%) for high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia or worse (AIN2+). Overall detection of AIN2+ using ASC-US+ showed specificity of 26%, negative predictive value of 92%, and positive predictive value of 26%.

Conclusions.—

Anal cytology has a high abnormal rate (54.7%) and sensitivity but poor correlation with histologic grade. High unsatisfactory rate indicates need for improvement in sampling with 68.4% of cases having SIL on biopsy. Multidisciplinary effort led to improvements in sampling, cytologic interpretation, and development of a standardized management algorithm.
A Review and Update on Papillary Immature Metaplasia of the Uterine Cervix: A Distinct Subset of Low-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion, Proposing a Possible Cell of Origin
Authors: Hong Soon Auck , Yoo Su Hyun , Choi Jene , Robboy Stanley J. , Kim Kyu-Rae
Published: April 2018

Context.—

Papillary immature metaplasia (PIM) is a known papillary cervical lesion associated with low-risk human papillomavirus (LR-HPV).

Objective.—

To evaluate additional clinicopathologic features and the HPV genotypes of PIM and discuss the presumptive cell of origin.

Design.—

A total of 26 PIM cases were evaluated by p16INK4a, cytokeratin (CK) 7, and CK17 immunohistochemical stainings. Human papillomavirus genotyping was performed, by using HPV DNA Chip, HPV polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and real-time PCR.

Results.—

Histologically, PIM forms either a papillary mass (n = 21 of 26, 81%) or a slightly elevated/flat plaque (n = 5, 19%). All cases contain variable amounts of mucinous epithelia within the lesions. Koilocytosis was identified in 15 of the 26 cases (58%). Sixteen cases (61%) were associated with LR-HPV (types 6, 11, or 42), but 3 cases (12%) with high-risk (HR) HPV (16, 16/18, and 33), 2 cases (8%) with mixed LR- and HR-HPV (6/16 and 11/58), while 2 cases (8%) were negative, but p16INK4a immunostaining showed nonblock positivity in all cases. Eight (31%) had high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) in the adjacent mucosa, 4 (50%) of which showed direct continuity. Identical HPV subtypes were confirmed in separately microdissected cases from PIM and adjacent HSIL. Most lesions (n = 24, 92%) expressed CK17 (reserve cell marker) in a bottom-heavy pattern and CK7 (squamocolumnar junction [SCJ] marker) in a top-heavy pattern, while most cases of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) were negative for both markers.

Conclusions.—

Our results suggest that PIM is a distinct subset of LSIL showing a productive HPV infection, but PIM involves the transformation zone and is proximal to SCJ, while LSIL is mostly from ectocervix or distal to the SCJ.
Espiritualidade e saúde: experiência de uma disciplina na graduação de enfermagem
Authors: Simões Naiane Dias , Martins Priscila Gomes , Santos Renata Ohana Pereira dos , Santana Fabiana Ribeiro , Pilger Calíope
Published: April 2018

Objetivo: apresentar as atividades e as experiências vivenciadas por estudantes de enfermagem na disciplina de Espiritualidade e Saúde. Método: é um relato de experiência que configura as vivências de estudantes do oitavo período do curso de enfermagem da disciplina supracitada, no segundo semestre dos anos de 2014 e 2015. As estratégias pedagógicas utilizadas na disciplina foram: aulas expositivas-dialogadas, atividades grupais, filmes, convidados da área de psicologia, estruturação de portfólio, relatos de experiência, estudos de caso com uso de diagnósticos de enfermagem. Os cenários utilizados foram a sala de aula, instituições de saúde de outras cidades, e comunidade externa. Resultados: a partir das falas dos estudantes observou-se o quanto é importante e necessária esta disciplina para a graduação em enfermagem, pois estimula no estudante a capacidade de ir além do que se pode ver e o auxilia a compreender outras necessidades para o cliente e família que recebe o cuidado. Considerações finais: assistir o cliente na sua integralidade envolve o cuidar da dimensão espiritual e religiosa e representa para o enfermeiro um resgate do cuidado humanizado. de uma disciplina na graduação de enfermagem
Violência doméstica contra a criança sob a ótica de estudantes de graduação em enfermagem
Authors: Machado Juliana Costa , Viana Viviana Batista , Rodrigues Vanda Palmarella , Araújo Rosália Teixeira de , Pires Vilara Maria Mesquita Mendes , Vilela Alba Benemérita Alves
Published: April 2018

Objetivo: averiguar o conhecimento de estudantes de graduação em enfermagem sobre a violência doméstica contra a criança. Método: estudo de abordagem qualitativa do tipo descritivo-exploratória, realizada com 20 estudantes do curso de graduação em enfermagem. Utilizou-se da entrevista semiestruturada para coleta de dados e para análise dos dados a técnica de análise conteúdo. Resultados: a violência doméstica contra as crianças parte de pessoas mais próximas do convívio familiar, em que os direitos humanos dessas crianças são violados, afetando diretamente no seu crescimento e desenvolvimento; sendo que as formas mais conhecidas são as violências: física, verbal, psicológica, sexual e a negligência. Considerações finais: discussões sobre a violência doméstica contra a criança são importantes na formação profissional, pensando na articulação da teoria e prática para a construção da aprendizagem e desenvolvimento de competências e habilidades dos futuros enfermeiros para o enfrentamento desse agravo.
Efficacy of Extraction Methods of Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract for Enhanced Growth and Yield of Wheat
Authors: Muhammad Umer Chattha  , Imran Khan  , Muhammad Umair Hassan  , Muhammad Bilal Chattha  , Muhammad Nawaz  , Asif Iqbal  , Nazar Hussain Khan  , Naveed Akhtar  , Muhammad Usman  , Mina Kharal  , Muhammad Aman Ullah
Published: April 2018

A field study was conducted to assess effective method to get Moringa leaf extract, through its response on growth and yield traits of wheat. Extracts of whole or chopped and dry or fresh Moringa leaves were used exogenously i.e. pre-sowing seed soaking as well as water diluted solution based foliar spray application at tillering and booting stages. Significantly higher growth response in term of leaf area index, leaf area duration, and crop growth rate was observed when combination of 30 times diluted moringa leaf extract (MLE) was applied at both crop stages. Yield contributing traits of wheat such as fertile tillers, spikelet’s spikelet’s per spike, grains per spike, 1000 grain weight, biological and grain yields were recorded in significantly higher due to 30 times diluted fresh MLE followed by 20 times dilution of Moringa dried leaf powder (DLP). While, control treatment and hydro-priming showed at comparable results in the form of significantly lesser fertile tillers, grains per spike, 1000-grain weight and grain or biological yields. Conclusively, 30 times diluted MLE proved the best among the treatments combinations for improved wheat growth and yield however, the biochemical features responsible for such promotive response are yet to be investigated prior to dissemination of this technology to the farmer field.
Violence and Public Safety as a Democratic Simulacrum in Brazil
Authors: Lima Renato Sérgio de
Published: April 2018

This paper analyzes actions taken by eight special programs for homicide reduction implemented in the states of Bahia, Ceará, Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, as well as the Brazilian Federal District. It aims to understand the historical permanence of lethal violence as one of the most striking social characteristics of Brazil and defends the argument that the prevention and tackling of homicides – understood in a broad sense that includes all intentional violent deaths – are operated, both politically and institutionally, from a symbolic simulacrum that causes incremental initiatives to fail to reach the architecture of criminal justice and public security institutions. As structural reforms in the criminal justice and public security system face several obstacles to being approved by the Legislative Branch, this simulacrum makes the police force and other institutions belonging to the system to continue operating from a center of criminal policies that do not depend on the construction of a democratic project of public security, protection of life or civil and human rights. The study reiterates that the debate on transparency and data quality can allow actions to strengthen institutional capacity for monitoring and evaluation and/or strategic litigation, which in turn may weaken of the path dependence and worldviews that operate the identified simulacrum. In other words, the debate on transparency and data quality is one of the strongest battlefronts for the reduction of violence and for the democratization of public safety in Brazil.
(U)forståelige love, domme og digital formidling
Authors: Kristinsson Ari Páll , Steingrímsdóttir Sigrún , Guðmundsdóttir Birgitta , Cilia Olga M.
Published: April 2018

Islandske love er tilgængelige online på Altingets hjemmeside. Borgerne bruger dog ofte søgemaskiner for at finde frem til loven i stedet for at søge direkte på websitet. Domme fra de islandske domstole er ligeledes tilgængelige på internettet. God teknik er dog ikke tilstrækkeligt hvis domme og lovtekster skal forstås. Sprog, tekstbygning og fremstilling skal være sådan at personer uden juridisk baggrund kan forstå lovteksten og dommens resultat. I 2016 blev en kvalitativ pilotundersøgelse foretaget med det formål at finde ud af hvad almenheden mener om lovtekster, og hvor godt de forstår dem (Guðmundsdóttir & Cilia 2016). Resultaterne viser bl.a. at deltagerne havde problemer med at forstå lovtekster, og at de havde lave forventninger til lovteksternes forståelighed. Det viste sig dog også at teksterne var nemmere at forstå end deltagerne havde regnet med. Denne pilotundersøgelse er et første forsøg på at undersøge forståelsen af islandske lovtekster.SummaryAll Icelandic legislation is available to the public on the Internet. However, the citizens often use search engines to look for laws, and not the official website of the Parliament, which contains the most recent versions of each law. The rulings of Icelandic courts are also available online. One must bear in mind that good technical solutions are not the only sufficient requirement when it comes to understanding rulings and legislation. Language use, text structure and presentation must be accessible and clear for all members of the public to understand, and not only for those who have been trained in the university law faculties. A qualitative pilot investigation was carried out in 2016 in order to find out how the public experiences law texts, and how easily they can understand the texts (Guðmundsdóttir & Cilia 2016). The findings show, among other things, that the participants did not fully understand the texts, and that they had negative expectations beforehand as to their level of understanding them, but the texts proved nevertheless to be easier to understand than the participants had expected. This pilot research was a first attempt at understanding how well members of the public understand Icelandic law texts.
Klarspråk i nätinteraktion
Trevlighet, trafikordningsplaner och undringar om döda rådjur i ett kommunalt e-serviceforum
Authors: Nord Andreas
Published: April 2018

I det svenska klarspråksarbetet har råd och riktlinjer för språket hittills varit anpassade för olika typer av traditionellt skriftspråkliga och monologiska texter, såsom informationstexter och beslutsbrev. Den nya typ av skriftlig kommunikation i olika digitala forum som börjar bli vanlig ställer krav på nya typer av råd och rekommendationer. För att veta mer om vilka råd och rekommendationer som ska utformas behöver vi dock veta mer om vad som faktiskt försiggår i sådana forum, och vilka kommunikationsproblem som kan uppstå. Artikeln bygger på en undersökning av interaktionen i ett internetforum på en svensk kommuns hemsida. Analysen visar att kommunikationen kännetecknas av en stark betoning av den relationella funktionen från kommunföreträdarnas sida, och denna ”trevlighet” fungerar av allt att döma väl. En utmaning verkar dock vara konflikten mellan vardagsvärld – här och nu – och regelstyrd myndighetsvärld, men analysen visar också att det inte nödvändigtvis är så enkelt att enskilda endast vill veta vad som gäller ”här och nu”.Summary In the ‘Plain Swedish’ effort, advice and guidelines have mostly focused on traditional written and monologic texts. This paper presents some results from a survey of the interactions between government employees and citizens in a Swedish municipality’s online forum, where citizens are invited to ask questions and seek advice. The findings represent a first step towards developing advice for written communication in the digital forums that are used by authorities to provide citizen services. The analysis shows that communication in the forums was characterised by a strong emphasis on the relational function or, in other words, on the relationship between the communicators manning the forum and the citizens. Seemingly, a focus on ‘niceness’ enabled the interactions to run relatively smoothly. One challenge, however, arose from the conflict between citizens’ life-world perspective and the rule-controlled government world. Citizens wish to find practical solutions to their problems in the here and now, and conflicts may occur when a specific question or request is simply answered by quoting the relevant regulation. The analysis, however, also shows that citizens were, in some cases, interested in knowing the underlying rules and regulations. This paper concludes by discussing the actual advantages of online forums for government-citizen interactions where repair in communications is possible.
Produção de bovinos de corte e leite em sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária
Authors: Soares Maxwelder Santos , Batista Aguilar Poliana , Meireles de Oliveira Franklin , Guimarães Silva Leonardo , Guimarães da Cruz Wendell Fernando
Published: April 2018

Objetivou-se analisar a integração lavoura-pecuária e a utilização deste sistema na produção de bovinos de corte e de leite. A integração lavoura-pecuária é uma alternativa que está sendo adotada entre os elementos tecnológicos disponíveis, destacando-se por apresentar um sinergismo entre a produção de culturas anuais e a produção de forragem para exploração da pecuária de corte ou de leite, a pasto. O sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária tem potencial para aumentar a produtividade de grãos, carne ou leite e reduzir os efeitos da degradação das pastagens de forma sustentável. No entanto, para o adequado funcionamento, alguns fundamentos devem ser atendidos, além dasincronização correta do uso dos principais componentes do sistema: o solo, a planta e o animal.
Clinician and Patient Perspectives on the Exchange of Sensitive Social Determinants of Health Information
Authors: DesRoches Catherine M. , Wachenheim Deborah , Garcia Annalays , Harcourt Kendall , Henry JaWanna , Shah Ria , Patel Vaishali
Published: October 2024

Importance

Social determinant of health (SDOH) data are essential to individualized care and reducing health disparities. However, there is little standardization in the way that SDOH data are collected, and barriers to increasing the collection of such data exist at both the patient and clinician levels.

Objective

To evaluate clinician, patient, and care partner perspectives on the barriers to and facilitators of patients sharing SDOH information with their clinicians.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This qualitative study included clinicians, patients, and care partners across the United States. Focus groups were conducted between September 2022 and February 2023 to understand the experience of collecting, documenting, and exchanging SDOH data.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Rapid assessment procedures were used to analyze focus group transcripts, creating summaries, codes, and themes mapped directly to the project research questions.

Results

A total of 235 individuals participated, including 109 (46.4%) clinicians (60 [55.0%] male; 25 [22.9%] Asian, 2 [1.8%] Black, and 74 [67.9%] White) and 126 (53.6%) patients and care partners (45 [35.7%] male; 1 [0.8%] Asian, 48 [38.1%] Black, and 64 [50.8%] White). Clinicians and patients agreed that SDOH data are important for clinicians to know. Both clinicians and patients wanted a structured, standardized way to collect SDOH data in the future, accompanied by time for more in-depth discussion during the visit. However, they highlighted numerous issues that impact collecting these data, including beliefs about how the information will be used, the clinician-patient relationship, having enough of the right staff, time needed to collect SDOH information, and technology used to collect the data (eg, usability, standardization).

Conclusions and Relevance

This qualitative study of the experience of collecting, documenting, and exchanging SDOH data underscores the ongoing barriers to widespread adoption of uniform approaches to SDOH data documentation as well as factors that may help lower those barriers, such as trusting patient-clinician relationships, greater transparency in how the data will be used, and targeted resources. A multifaceted approach to addressing the concerns raised by clinicians, patients, and care partners is required to ensure that such data can be captured in a way that improves care and allows for progress toward an equitable health care system.
Effects of the Oncology Industrial Complex on Academic Cancer Centers
Authors: Eckhardt S. Gail , Platanias Leonidas C.
Published: October 2024

This Viewpoint outlines the missions of academic cancer centers and how they are being affected by the oncology industrial complex along with challenges and suggestions for an aligned way forward.
Use of Artificial Intelligence–Based Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy in the US
Authors: Shah Shreya A. , Sokol Jared T. , Wai Karen M. , Rahimy Ehsan , Myung David , Mruthyunjaya Prithvi , Parikh Ravi
Published: October 2024

This cohort study examines patient data from January 2019 to December 2023 to evaluate national trends in the use of artificial intelligence–based screenings to detect diabetic retinopathy among patients with types 1 or 2 diabetes.
Rational Engineering of Phase‐Pure 2D Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Guo Ke , Lv Wenzhen , Wang He , Li Mingguang , Xu Ligang , Chen Runfeng , Xing Guichuan , Wu Guangbao
Published: October 2024

2D perovskite structures have gained significant attention due to their reliable long‐term stability. Unlike quasi‐2D perovskites, phase‐pure 2D perovskites exhibit a flattened energy landscape and low energy transfer losses, offering substantial benefits for enhancing device efficiency and stability. Recent research on phase‐pure 2D perovskites has shown significant progress, attributed to their unique properties. This review delineates advancements in the study of phase‐pure 2D perovskite materials and elucidates the relationships between crystal structure design, growth, and device performance regulation. Additionally, it summarizes techniques for characterizing phase‐pure 2D structures and methods for their precise synthesis. Finally, an outlook on the future development of phase‐pure 2D perovskites, highlighting the scientific and technological challenges in current research is provided.
Achieving Ultrahigh Efficiency of Triboelectric Nanogenerator Energy Harvesting Systems via Hybrid Electronic‐Spark Power Management
Authors: Liufu Yong Hong , Tse Chi K. , Yang Guiyuan , Liao Yining , Lin Hongjian , Dai Dong , Lin Han , Hong Hongxin , Wu Hao , Zhang Xuexia
Published: October 2024

Significant efforts are devoted to optimizing the efficiency of triboelectric energy harvesting systems, particularly through the design of an advanced power management system (PMS) for Triboelectric Nanoenerators (TENGs). A critical aspect of PMS is the design and control of switches. However, existing switches face significant limitations. For spark switches, precise control cannot be achieved, and electronic switches can only operate at voltages below several hundred volts which is limited by the risk of electrical breakdown. To address these limitations, a hybrid electronic‐spark switch power management system (HESS) is proposed. HESS changes the connection of capacitors from parallel to series by deploying a maximum voltage tracking switch components at the peak voltage point, resulting in a much‐elevated voltage level to activate the spark switch. This approach achieves precise control of the spark switch for the first time and significantly reduces the operating voltage of electronic switches. Through simulation and experimental verification, HESS achieves the control at a voltage level of 1.8 kV for spark switch, with an electrical component breakdown voltage of only 450 V. The power density of the HESS is 29.8 mW Hz−1 m−2, which is a new record for electronic switches.
Strong Metal–Support Interaction Induces Dual Reaction Sites for Ultrasensitive and Stable NO2 Detection in Extreme Environments
Authors: Ou Yucheng , Wang Bing , Xu Nana , Song Quzhi , Liu Tao , Xu Hui , Wang Fuwen , Cheng Chuang , Lu Huimin , Wang Yingde
Published: October 2024

The tripartite combination of a high density and stability of surface reaction sites, complemented by the longevity and efficient transfer of interface carriers, along with the effective adsorption and activation of target gas molecules, jointly determines the efficiency of chemiresistors. In this work, the strong metal–support interaction (SMSI) of Pt─Ce3+ is formed by the NaBH4 reduction method and thus prepares metal‐dynamically stable PtNR─CeO2 with Pt─Ce3+ and Pt─Pt reaction sites. The formation of SMSI induces the recombination of the chemical structure of the CeO2 surface causing the localization of electron‐rich Ce3+, which greatly increases the charge concentration at the interface. The experimental findings of the strong interaction of Pt─Ce3+ bonding and the catalytic effect of Pt optimized the adsorption mode of PtNR─CeO2 on target gas, which maintains stable catalytic activity at 20–500 °C and achieving a notable detection response value of 1.43 for 20 ppb NO2. This work offers fresh insights into designing stable oxide chemiresistors with efficiency and stability by customizing reaction sites at the atomic level.
Heterogeneous Covalent Organic Framework Membranes Mediated by Polycations for Efficient Ions Separation
Authors: Xu Shuting , Lin Haibo , Li Guiliang , Han Qiu , Wang Jianqiang , Liu Fu
Published: October 2024

Precise ions sieving at angstrom‐scale is gaining tremendous attention thanks to its significant impact at the water‐energy nexus. Herein, a novel polycation‐modulated interfacial polymerization (IP) strategy is developed to prepare a heterogeneously charged covalent organic frameworks (COFs) membrane. Cationic poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) regulates the growth and assembly of anionic COFs nanosheets, which thus provides a negative, smooth top surface and positive, rough bottom surface, indicating the presence of heterogeneously charged angstrom‐scale channels through the membrane. Experiments and simulations are conducted to understand the facilitated ions transport behavior relative to specific interactions raised by heterogeneously charged channels and angstrom‐scale steric hinderance as well, rendering the membrane with robust mono‐/divalent cations sieving capabilities. The selectivity (61.6) of Li+ to Mg2+ in mixed saline under the continuous cross‐flow filtration mode is superior to most of the reported nanofiltration membranes. This polycation‐mediated interfacial polymerization strategy offers a compelling opportunity to develop versatile heterogeneously charged COF membranes for exquisite ion sieving.
Subnanometer Diameter Control in Nanotubes Self‐Assembled via Consecutive Cyclization – Polymerization Processes
Authors: González‐Sánchez Marina , Mayoral María J. , Aparicio Fátima , Vázquez‐González Violeta , Sancho‐Casado Irene , Anaya‐Plaza Eduardo , González‐Rodríguez David
Published: October 2024

Tubular self‐assembled architectures are highly appealing supramolecular objects that participate in diverse essential biological processes. Controlling with precision their dimensions, and in particular their pore diameter, is a key objective to develop the full applied potential of these structures. Here, using a strategy that relies on the controlled supramolecular polymerization of Watson–Crick H‐bonded macrocycles, we target the assembly of 3 sets of nanotubes in which pore diameter is finely controlled from 1.8, to 3.2 and to 4.3 nm. This is simply done by elongating the oligo(phenylene‐ethynylene) block placed in between guanine and cytosine nucleobases in the monomer. Moreover, this structural change leads to a gradual reduction in the chelate cooperativity of the cyclization process and, at the same time, to an enhancement in the tendency of the macrocycles to stack, which critically influences the coupling between these consecutive supramolecular processes.
A Fluorescent Probe with Large Stokes Shift Based on Benzothiadiazole Scaffolds for Selective Detection of Hg2+ in Lysosomes and Its Application in Biological Imaging
Authors: Wang Lin , Zhang Ning , He Yuan , Wang Jian‐Yong
Published: October 2024

Mercury is highly toxic, and appropriate amounts of the mercury‐selenium complex can protect plasma. However, when excessive mercury (II) ions (Hg2+) are exposed to human skin or ingested directly, it can lead to irreversible accumulation in the body. Therefore, detecting the presence of Hg2+ in cells is important. A novel fluorescent probe BTD‐Hg‐Lyso was designed and constructed based on the intramolecular charge transfer mechanism. Thiotaldehyde could specifically recognize Hg2+ so that the probe could produce a fluorescence enhancement effect. In addition, the fluorescent probe BTD‐Hg‐Lyso exhibited the advantages of large Stokes shift (210 nm) and good selectivity. More importantly, the probe BTD‐Hg‐Lyso could be used for the determination of Hg2+ in cellular lysosomes. BTD‐Hg‐Lyso was able to image Hg2+ in HeLa cells, zebrafish, and tobacco seedlings (rhizome and stem) successfully.
Exploring C2 and N6 Substituent Effects on Truncated 4′‐Thioadenosine Derivatives as Dual A2A and A3 Adenosine Receptor Ligands
Authors: Naik Siddhi D. , Kim Minjae , Choi Jiyoung , Kim Gibae , Woo Kim Seung , Aswar Vikas R. , Tripathi Sushil K. , Gaikwad Vidyasagar , Yu Jinha , Shin Jeong Lak
Published: October 2024

Based on high binding affinity of truncated 2‐hexynyl‐4′‐thioadenosine (3 a) at both A2A adenosine receptor (AR) and A3 AR, we explored structure‐activity relationship (SAR) of the C2‐substitution by altering chain length of the 2‐hexynyl moiety, thereby evaluating the hydrophobic pocket size. A series of truncated N6‐substituted 4′‐thioadenosine derivatives with C2‐alkynyl substitution were successfully synthesized from D‐mannose, using a palladium‐catalyzed Sonogashira coupling reaction as the key step, whose structures were confirmed by the X‐ray crystal structure of 4 h. As the size of the alkynyl group at the C2‐position increased, the binding affinity improved; however, when the substituted group was larger than hexynyl, the binding affinity decreased. The introduction of a bulky hydrophobic group such as 3‐halobenzyl group at the free N6‐amino group decreased the binding affinity at hA2AAR. These results confirm our previous findings that a free amino group at N6‐position and longer hydrophobic chain at C2‐position are essential for hA2A AR binding affinity. The introduction of a bulky hydrophobic group at free N6‐amino group maintained the binding affinity at hA3 AR. The binding mode of truncated 2‐substituted‐4′‐thioadenosine derivatives to hA2A and hA3 AR were predicted by a molecular docking study.
Plant‐based protein crops and their improvement: Current status and future perspectives
Authors: Singh Asheesh K. , Elango Dinakaran , Raigne Joscif , Van der Laan Liza , Rairdin Ashlyn , Soregaon Chandrakant , Singh Arti
Published: October 2024

The plant‐based protein industry is rapidly growing and is projected to grow to over $27 billion by 2030. In addition to monetary benefits, plant‐based protein crops, particularly pulse crops (i.e., legume species with dry edible seed), can supplement the existing crop biodiversity and break the disease and insect pest cycle in drastically changing climatic conditions. Most commercially available plant‐based protein ingredients come from only 2% of the 150 plant species on which our food supply depends. Therefore, it is imperative to diversify the cropping system with pulse crops that provide a more nutritious, climate‐resilient, sustainable food value chain. At present, a large portion of US pulse crop production is exported, yet the shifting demographics, dietary preferences, and a rise in domestic consumption present enormous potential for existing and emerging pulse crops, as well as their breeding. Despite a rise in demand from consumers and industries, farmers are yet to fully reap the benefits of these crops due to a shortage of improved varieties. These new varieties could lead to a diverse, sustainable protein supply that satisfies the growing domestic and global demand for plant‐based foods. This review intends to comprehensively explore the geographical and cultural acceptance of plant‐based proteins, manufacturing techniques, protein products, anti‐nutritional factors, techniques and tools for protein estimation, high‐throughput estimation of seed protein, protein composition requirements in food, breeding strategies, crop improvement, and resources to improve plant‐based protein pulse crops.
A New Spectrum and Energy Efficiency Trade‐Off Control Paradigm for D2D Communications
Authors: Kim Sungwook
Published: October 2024

Device‐to‐device (D2D) technology has been extensively studied by virtue of its ability to reduce traffic load and communication delay while improving network performance. However, it is a challenging issue to simultaneously coordinate the energy efficiency (EE) and spectrum efficiency (SE) in D2D communications. In this paper, we investigate a multiobject optimization problem with conflicting criteria and propose a new solution paradigm to balance the EE and SE. Based on the ideas of multicriteria decision‐making method and bargaining game theory, we develop a new power control scheme for D2D communications. The major novelty of our approach is to strike a balance between the EE and SE through the developed multiple criteria bargaining process. The quantification of EE‐SE tradeoff is appropriately negotiated to reach a mutually acceptable agreement. Therefore, the proposed scheme selects the best power strategy that exploits the varying D2D communication conditions. To reduce the complexity, each individual D2D communication pair executes the power control algorithm independently and iteratively in a distributed manner. Therefore, the proposed scheme can be implemented with the acceptable polynomial complexity. Finally, extensive simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and outperformance of the proposed scheme over the existing state‐of‐the‐art protocols in terms of device payoff, D2D system throughput, and energy efficiency ratio. Our proposed multicriteria bargaining paradigm can be concerned to solve different kinds of multi‐object problem for various application scenarios.
The Cytological Diagnosis of a Malignant Effusion Is Independent of the Volume of Fluid Processed
Authors: Priddy‐Arrington Michael Ann , Niu Shuo , Wilson Emily M. , Bakht Azad , Aly Fatima Zahra
Published: October 2024

Background

The relationship between pleural fluid volume and cytological diagnosis of malignancy has been often investigated with conflicting conclusions on whether or not a minimum fluid volume should be defined. The primary objective of this retrospective investigation is to evaluate the relationship between fluid volume and cytological diagnosis of malignancy.

Methods

A total of 511 body fluid specimen reports received between January 2018 and December 2019 were examined to investigate the relationship between diagnosis of malignancy to volume and biochemical properties. Pleural fluid (n = 252) and peritoneal fluid (n = 250) specimens were binned into two volume groups (< 75 mL, ≥ 75 mL). Pericardial fluid specimens (n = 9) were excluded due to small sample size.

Results

Prevalence of malignancy for pleural and peritoneal fluids was 20.2% and 20.08%, respectively, with no significant difference between the two volume groups. Malignant pleural effusions were associated with a serum to fluid protein ratio > 0.5 and malignant peritoneal effusions were associated with a serum ascites albumin gradient (SAAG) < 1.1 g/dL.

Conclusions

Our study did not find a significant difference in the diagnosis of malignancy between volumes ≥ 75 mL and < 75 mL in either pleural or peritoneal fluid. Fluid volume is, therefore, not an adequacy criterion for detecting malignancy in either pleural or peritoneal fluid. Our analysis on the biochemical properties of each malignant fluid type was supportive of current use of Light's criteria and SAAG for effusion fluid evaluation.
A Delphi consensus project to capture experts' opinion on hyperkalaemia management across the cardiorenal spectrum
Authors: Chrysohoou Christina , Marketou Maria , Aktsiali Maria , Griveas Ioannis
Published: October 2024

The main purpose of this project was to capture experts' opinion on hyperkalaemia management and form best practice recommendations for cardiorenal patients in Greece. A steering committee of nephrologists and cardiologists developed 37 statements. An online questionnaire completed by 32 experts in cardiorenal management in Greece. Median score used to determine the level of agreement and disagreement index (DI) used to determine the level of consensus for each statement. Statements divided in four sectors: hyperkalaemia risk management, preventative measures, treatment and collaboration between specialties. The rate of the first round of the consensus was 94.6%. Median score was >7 for 36 of 37 statements and DI ≤ 1 for 35 of 37. Among other statements, consensus reached for recognizing levels K+ > 5.0 mEq/L as associated with elevated mortality risk; retaining renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASi) on maximum recommended dose for cardiorenal patients; and using novel K+ binders to help enabling guideline‐recommended doses of RAASi therapy. Cardiologists compared to nephrologists showed higher reluctance to discontinue down‐titrate RAASi and MRA in patients with K+ levels above 5 mEq/L. Additionally, 88.9% of nephrologists and 71.4% of cardiologists agreed that cross‐specialty alignment on a serum K+ concentration level (K > 5.5 mEq/L) is needed to initiate hyperkalaemia treatment. Both cardiologists and nephrologists showed disagreement with the statement on keeping titration in cardiorenal patients with K+ > 5.5 mEq/L or preserving fruit and vegetable consumption when moderate or severe hyperkalaemia exhibits. This Delphi project pointed out nephrologists' and cardiologists' agreement on hyperkalaemia management in cardiorenal patients; thus, it can help a cross‐specialty optimal management of cardiorenal patients, with hyperkalaemia not being an obstacle for disease‐optimizing therapy. Novel potassium binding agents can enable guideline‐recommended doses of potassium‐sparing medication.