bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Limits on prediction in language comprehension: A multi-lab failure to replicate evidence for probabilistic pre-activation of phonology
Authors: Nieuwland Mante , Politzer-Ahles Stephen , Heyselaar Evelien , Segaert Katrien , Darley Emily , Kazanina Nina , Von Grebmer Zu Wolfsthurn Sarah , Bartolozzi Federica , Kogan Vita , Ito Aine , Mézière Diane , Barr Dale J. , Rousselet Guillaume , Ferguson Heather J. , Busch-Moreno Simon , Fu Xiao , Tuomainen Jyrki , Kulakova Eugenia , Husband E. Matthew , Donaldson David I. , Kohút Zdenko , Rueschemeyer Shirley-Ann , Huettig Falk
Published: February 2017

In current theories of language comprehension, people routinely and implicitly predict upcoming words by pre-activating their meaning, morpho-syntactic features and even their specific phonological form. To date the strongest evidence for this latter form of linguistic prediction comes from a 2005 Nature Neuroscience landmark publication by DeLong, Urbach and Kutas, who observed a graded modulation of article- and noun-elicited electrical brain potentials (N400) by the pre-determined probability that people continue a sentence fragment with that word ('cloze'). In a direct replication study spanning 9 laboratories (N=334), we failed to replicate the crucial article-elicited N400 modulation by cloze, while we successfully replicated the commonly-reported noun-elicited N400 modulation. This pattern of failure and success was observed in a pre-registered replication analysis, a pre-registered single-trial analysis, and in exploratory Bayesian analyses. Our findings do not support a strong prediction view in which people routinely pre-activate the phonological form of upcoming words, and suggest a more limited role for prediction during language comprehension.
Lycopene: A natural antioxidant for anhydrous buffalo milk fat
Authors: Siwach Ruby , Tokas Jayanti , Seth Raman
Published: March 2017

The potential of lycopene extract, to enhance the shelf life of anhydrous buffalo milk fat, at five levels, viz. 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 ppm, was evaluated. Lycopene was found significantly (P < 0.05) effective in preventing the development of oxidative rancidity. The overall preference score for samples containing 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 ppm of lycopene were 7.43, 7.60, 7.80, 7.96 and 7.90, respectively, and found to be significantly higher than the control (no lycopene, 6.79). The overall preference score with 200 ppm BHA was 7.94, which was not significantly different from ghee samples containing 120 and 150 ppm lycopene.
Extreme specialization to rocky habitats inTropiduruslizards from Brazil: Trade‐offs between a fitted ecomorph and autoecology in a harsh environment
Authors: Pelegrin Nicolás , Mesquita Daniel Oliveira , Albinati Pâmela , Caldas Francis Luiz Santos , de Queiroga Cavalcanti Lucas Barbosa , Costa Tais Borges , Falico Diego Alejandro , Galdino Jéssica Yara A. , Tucker Derek B. , Garda Adrian Antonio
Published: March 2017

Ecomorphological theory indicates that different ecological requirements lead to different organismal designs. Given that species with equal requirements could not coexist, traits leading to more efficient use of resources may be selected to avoid competition among closely related syntopic species, generating specialized ecomorphs. We compared habitat use, diet, thermal biology and morphology among the syntopicTropidurus semitaeniatus,T. helenaeandT. hispidusin the Caatinga of Northeastern Brazil.Tropidurus semitaeniatusandT. helenaeare flattened lizards specialized to rocks and rock crevices, whereasT. hispidushas a robust body and generalist habits. We aimed to test the hypothesis that morphological modifications observed in the flattened ecomorphs are related to modifications in diet and habitat use. Also, we hypothesized that specialization to habitat induces morphological modifications, which in turn may constrain lizard performance. Flattened species differed in habitat use, morphology and prey size when compared with the generalist ecomorph. Morphological modifications were related to specializations to rocky habitats and constrained the variety of prey items consumed. This phenotype also reduced their reproductive output when compared with a robust, generalist ecomorph.
Intrapartum intervention rates and perinatal outcomes following induction of labour compared to expectant management at term from an Australian perinatal centre
Authors: Zhao Yi , Flatley Christopher , Kumar Sailesh
Published: March 2017

Background

Induction of labor (IOL) is a common obstetric intervention, yet its impact on intervention rates and perinatal outcomes is conflicting.

Aims

To evaluate the impact of IOL on intrapartum intervention rates and perinatal outcomes in women with singleton pregnancies at term.

Material and methods

This was a retrospective, cross‐sectional study of term singleton deliveries at the Mater Mother's Hospital in Brisbane, Australia in 2007–2013. The IOL cohort was compared to an expectantly managed group.

Results

Of the final cohort (44 698 women), 64.4% had expectant management and 35.6% had IOL. Multivariate analyses showed that IOL was associated with lower odds of spontaneous vaginal delivery from ≥37 weeks gestation. The risk of emergency caesarean for non‐reassuring fetal status was also higher in the IOL cohort at 40 and 41 weeks gestation. For women who were managed expectantly, the highest rate of spontaneous vaginal delivery and the lowest rate of emergency caesareans occurred at 39 weeks gestation. For women who underwent IOL, the nadir emergency caesarean rate and the highest spontaneous vaginal delivery rate was also at 39 weeks. Rates of neonatal intensive car unit admission were higher in the IOL group at 37 weeks (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 3.11, 95% CI: 2.62–3.68) and 38 weeks (aOR 1.78, 95% CI: 1.55–2.04) and lower at >42 weeks (OR 0.35, 95% CI: 0.14–0.81) respectively.

Conclusion

IOL compared to expectant management is associated with lower spontaneous vaginal delivery rates and increased risk of emergency caesarean for intrapartum fetal compromise with broadly comparable perinatal outcomes.
Fifteen‐year groin hernia trends in Australia: the era of minimally invasive surgeons
Authors: Kevric Jasmina , Papa Nathan , Toshniwal Sumeet , Perera Marlon
Published: March 2017

Background

Groin hernia repairs (GHRs) are among the commonest general surgical procedures in the Western population. The introduction of minimally invasive surgery has prompted the development of laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal and trans‐abdominal preperitoneal hernia repairs. We aimed to determine the hernia treatment trends in Australia over the last 15 years.

Methods

Using Medicare Benefit Schedule data, we categorized the number of laparoscopic and open hernia repairs between 2000 and 2015 in Australia. Population data were collected from the Australian Bureau of Statistics. Hernia repair rates were standardized by age, gender and location.

Results

During the study period, a total of 324 618 GHRs were performed on adult patients in Australia, 43% by a laparoscopic method. While there was a slight yearly increase in overall total GHRs performed, laparoscopic surgeries increased by 3.1 per 100 000 population every year (95% CI: 2.9–3.3) while open surgeries declined yearly by 2.6 per 100 000 population (95% CI: 2.4–2.8). From the available data, there appears to be a crossover point in 2011/2012 where the laparoscopic hernia repair became more frequent. Considerable state and gender‐based trends exist.

Conclusions

The use of laparoscopic GHRs has increased considerably over the last 15 years. Despite the increased use, significant state‐based and gender discrepancies were observed. Our data offer insight to the public sector and the respective healthcare‐related expenditures pertaining to laparoscopic hernia repair.
On‐target sorafenib toxicity predicts improved survival in hepatocellular carcinoma: a multi‐centre, prospective study
Authors: Howell J. , Pinato D. J. , Ramaswami R. , Bettinger D. , Arizumi T. , Ferrari C. , Yen C. , Gibbin A. , Burlone M. E. , Guaschino G. , Sellers L. , Black J. , Pirisi M. , Kudo M. , Thimme R. , Park J.‐W. , Sharma R.
Published: March 2017

Background

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide and has high mortality despite treatment. While sorafenib has a survival benefit for patients with advanced HCC, clinical response is highly variable.

Aim

To determine whether development of sorafenib toxicity is a prognostic marker of survival in HCC.

Methods

In this prospective multicentre cohort study, patients with advanced‐stage HCC receiving sorafenib were recruited from five international specialist centres. Demographic and clinical data including development and grade of sorafenib toxicity during treatment, radiological response to sorafenib and survival time (months) were recorded prospectively.

Results

A total of 634 patients with advanced‐stage HCC receiving sorafenib were recruited to the study, with a median follow‐up of 6692.3 person‐months at risk. The majority of patients were male (81%) with Child–Pugh A stage liver disease (74%) and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage C HCC (64%). Median survival time was 8.1 months (IQR 3.8–18.6 months). 94% experienced at least one sorafenib‐related toxicity: 34% diarrhoea, 16% hypertension and 37% hand‐foot syndrome (HFS). Twenty‐one per cent ceased sorafenib due to toxicity and 59% ceased treatment due to progressive disease or death. On multivariate analysis, sorafenib‐related diarrhoea (HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.61–0.95, P = 0.017), hypertension (HR 0.531, 95% CI 0.37–0.76, P < 0.0001) and HFS (HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.51–0.81, P < 0.0001) were all significant independent predictors of overall survival after adjusting for age, severity of liver disease, tumour stage and sorafenib dose.

Conclusion

Development of sorafenib‐related toxicity including diarrhoea, hypertension and hand‐foot syndrome is associated with prolonged overall survival in patients with advanced‐stage HCC on sorafenib.
Does residual microscopic disease after chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer translate into a good clinical outcome?
Authors: Geva R. , Davidovics H. , Soyfer S. , Pelles‐Avraham S. , Klausner J. M. , Inbar M. , Tulchinsky H.
Published: March 2017

Aim

This study aimed to assess the progression‐free and overall survival of patients with residual microscopic disease following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and rectal resection for locally advanced rectal cancer.

Method

Two‐hundred and thirty‐four consecutive rectal cancer patients who had neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by radical resection (from May 2000 to April 2012) were divided according to pathological tumour response: residual microscopic disease (MIC), complete response (pCR) and partial/no response (non‐CR). Data on the neoadjuvant regime, treatment‐to‐surgery interval, final pathology, type of operation, operative time, postoperative complications, length of hospital stay, disease recurrence and mortality were compared between the groups.

Results

There were 13 (5.5%) MIC patients, 48 (20.5%) with pCR and 173 (73.9%) with non‐CR group. The groups were demographically comparable. MIC patients had more retrieved lymph nodes compared with the non‐CR and pCR patients (median 13 compared with 8 and 10, respectively, P = 0.0086). The 5‐year overall survival rates were 93.4% for the pCR and MIC patients vs 82.1% for the non‐CR patients (P = 0.0324). The 5‐year progression‐free survival was 85.2% for the pCR and MIC patients vs 73.8% for the non‐CR patients (P = 0.086).

Conclusion

We have identified and assessed a new pathological subgroup of rectal cancer patients who had residual microscopic disease after neoadjuvant therapy. The survival analysis aligned them closely with pCR patients.
A Comparative Toxidrome Analysis of Human Organophosphate and Nerve Agent Poisonings Using Social Media
Authors: Reddy DS , Colman E
Published: February 2017

Here we utilized social media to compare the toxidrome of three lethal chemical exposures worldwide. YouTube videos were the main source from which the data were collected, but published reports and news were also utilized to fill in some gaps. All videos were organized in a database detailing symptoms and severity of each victim, along with demographics such as approximate age and gender. Each symptom was rated as mild, moderate, or severe and corresponding pie graphs for each incident were compared. The videos displayed symptoms ranging from mild to severe cholinergic toxicity and life‐threatening convulsions. Social media may represent an important resource in developing a viable approach to the early detection and identification of chemical exposure, reinforce our preparedness for better antidotes, long‐term follow up, and training about deadly chemical nerve agent attacks.
Adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma in a Peruvian hospital in human T‐lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV‐1) positive patients
Authors: Rodríguez‐Zúñiga Milton José Max , Cortez‐Franco Florencio , Qujiano‐Gomero Eberth
Published: March 2017

Background

Adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is an aggressive neoplasm of T‐lymphocytes associated with human T‐lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV‐1) infection. As HTLV‐1 is endemic in native ethnics in South America, and its infection leads to several chronic diseases as ATLL with poor prognosis, we aimed to present three ATLL cases and to review current literature.

Case reports

Two cases were from the mountains of Peru, while one was from an endemic harbor of the country. An acute ATLL patient presented with multipapular infiltration of the skin and died 2 weeks after admission because of septic shock. The two chronic ATLL patients presented with erythematous plaques and erythroderma. They had swollen lymph nodes, lymphocytosis, and atypical lymphocytes on blood smear, with normal biochemical results. They both passed away a few months after diagnosis.

Comments

ATLL is developed after years of HTLV‐1 carrier status; therefore, physicians should know the principal clinical and laboratory findings in order to make prompt diagnosis. Prognosis is still poor in aggressive and indolent variants, with survival rates from months to a few years. Treatment based on chemotherapy, antiretroviral, and allogeneic stem cell transplantation are improving survival rates but with limited results.
May–Thurner syndrome: an often overlooked cause for refractory venous leg ulcers
Authors: Alkhater Maryam , Jockenhöfer Finja , Stoffels Ingo , Dissemond Joachim
Published: March 2017

We report a 53‐year‐old female patient presenting with a refractory venous leg ulcer and unremarkable findings in the doppler Ultrasound venous mapping of the leg veins. Further comprehensive diagnostics demonstrated an underlying May–Thurner syndrome. After resolution of the primary mechanical obstruction, rapid wound healing in the following 3 weeks was documented. Iliac vein compression syndrome, commonly known as May–Thurner syndrome, is a distinguishable anatomical variant that results from an external compression over the left iliac vein exerted by the overriding adjacent right common iliac artery. It is mostly seen among young, healthy female patients and can easily be under‐diagnosed. Lower extremities duplex ultrasonography remains the gold standard in diagnosing venous insufficiency, but it should not solely depend on it. Instead, clinicians should consider other possibilities, assessing the patency within the truncal veins, which in turn might contribute to the venous insufficiency along the lower limbs. An active early diagnostic approach can prevent significant overall morbidity and help patients to ease back into their daily‐life activities. Therefore, it is recommended that all patients with suspected venous insufficiency and normal lower limbs duplex findings should undergo further evaluation of the truncal venous system pattern. May–Thurner syndrome, along with other causes of iliac veins compression, should be considered in the differential diagnosis in unclear persistent cases of unilateral venous symptoms.
Luminescence investigations of novel orange‐red fluorapatite KLaSr3(PO4)3F: Sm3+ phosphors with high thermal stability
Authors: Guo Qingfeng , Zhao Chenglong , Liao Libing , Lis Stefan , Liu Haikun , Mei Lefu , Jiang Zhouqing
Published: March 2017

Single‐phase KLaSr3(PO4)3F: Sm3+ phosphors with fluorapatite structure were prepared via high‐temperature solid‐state method in air atmosphere for the first time. The X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, diffuse reflectance spectra, photoluminescence spectra, and temperature‐dependent emission spectra, as well as lifetimes were measured to characterize the as‐prepared phosphors. Phase results indicated that KLaSr3(PO4)3F: Sm3+ belongs to hexagonal system with a space group of P‐6. Photoluminescence measurements showed the emission spectrum was composed of four sharp peaks at about 564, 602 (the strongest one), 646, and 702 nm, corresponding to the 4G5/2‐6HJ (J=5/2, 7/2, 9/2, and 11/2) transitions of Sm3+ ions. The optimum doping concentration of Sm3+ ions was turned out to be 0.03 (mol), and the mechanism of energy transfer among Sm3+ ions was considered to be dipole‐dipole interaction by using Dexter's theory. In addition, the critical distance Rc for energy transfer among Sm3+ ions were calculated to be 9.97 Å according to Blasse concentration quenching method. The selected KLa0.97Sr(PO4)3F: 0.03Sm3+ exhibited high thermal stability with an activation energy of 0.163 eV. Besides, the Commission International de l'Eclairage chromaticity coordinate of the phosphor were located in the orange‐reddish light region.
Intentional partnering: a grounded theory study on developing effective partnerships among nurse and physician managers as they co‐lead in an evolving healthcare system
Authors: Clausen Christina , Lavoie‐Tremblay Melanie , Purden Margaret , Lamothe Lise , Ezer Héléne , McVey Lynne
Published: March 2017

Aim

The aim of this study was to describe the process of how nurse and physician managers in formalized dyads work together to address clinical management issues in the surgical division of one hospital setting.

Background

Nurse and physician managers are uniquely positioned to co‐lead and transform healthcare delivery. However, little is known about how this management dyad functions in the healthcare setting.

Design

A constructivist grounded theory approach was used to investigate the process of how nurse and physician managers work together in formalized dyads in an urban Canadian university affiliated teaching hospital.

Methods

Data collection occurred from September 2013–August 2014. Data included participant observation (n = 142 hours) and intensive interviews (n = 36) with nurse‐physician manager dyads (12 nurses, 9 physicians) collected in a surgical department. Theoretical sampling was used to elaborate on properties of emerging concepts and categories.

Results/Findings

A substantive theory on ‘intentional partnering’ was generated. Nurses' and physicians' professional agendas, which included their interests and purposes for working with each other served as the starting point of ‘intentional partnering’. The theory explains how nurse and physician managers align their professional agendas through the processes of ‘accepting mutual necessity’, ‘daring to risk (together)’ and ‘constructing a shared responsibility’. Being credible, earning trust and safeguarding respect were fundamental to communicating effectively.

Conclusion

Intentional partnering elucidates the relational components of working together and the strategizing that occurs as each partner deliberates on what he or she is willing to accept, risk and put into place to reap the benefits of collaborating.
Extracellular renalase protects cells and organs by outside‐in signalling
Authors: Wang Yang , Safirstein Robert , Velazquez Heino , Guo Xiao‐Jia , Hollander Lindsay , Chang John , Chen Tian‐Min , Mu Jian‐Jun , Desir Gary V.
Published: February 2017

Renalase was discovered as a protein synthesized by the kidney and secreted in blood where it circulates at a concentration of approximately 3–5 μg/ml. Initial reports suggested that it functioned as an NAD(P)H oxidase and could oxidize catecholamines. Administration of renalase lowers blood pressure and heart rate and also protects cells and organs against ischaemic and toxic injury. Although renalase's protective effect was initially ascribed to its oxidase properties, a paradigm shift in our understanding of the cellular actions of renalase is underway. We now understand that, independent of its enzymatic properties, renalase functions as a cytokine that provides protection to cells, tissues and organs by interacting with its receptor to activate protein kinase B, JAK/STAT, and the mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathways. In addition, recent studies suggest that dysregulated renalase signalling may promote survival of several tumour cells due to its capacity to augment expression of growth‐related genes. In this review, we focus on the cytoprotective actions of renalase and its capacity to sustain cancer cell growth and also the translational opportunities these findings represent for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for organ injury and cancer.
Comparison of phenotype, comorbidities, therapy and adverse events between psoriatic patients with and without psoriatic arthritis. Biobadaderm registry
Authors: Pérez‐Plaza A. , Carretero G. , Ferrandiz C. , Vanaclocha F. , Gómez‐García F.J. , Herrera‐Ceballos E. , De la Cueva‐Dobao P. , Belinchón I. , Sánchez‐Carazo J.L. , Alsina M. , López‐Estebaranz J.L. , Ferrán M. , Torrado R. , Carrascosa J.M. , Llamas‐Velasco M. , Rivera R. , Jiménez‐Puya R. , García‐Doval I. , Descalzo M.A. ,   The Biobadaderm Study Group
Published: March 2017

Background

There are a limited number of studies comparing psoriasis patients without psoriatic arthritis (PsA) to those with arthritis. Previous results are controversial.

Objectives

To perform a comparative analysis of the phenotype, baseline comorbidities, therapeutic profile and incidence of adverse events (particularly overall adverse events, infections and infestations, malignancies and psychiatric disorders) among psoriatic patients with/without PsA.

Methods

All the patients on the Biobadaderm registry, a prospective inception cohort of psoriasis patients on systemic therapy, were included. Patients were divided into two groups: those with psoriasis without arthritis at the time of entry into the cohort (Pso group) and those with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA group) at entry. Patients were followed until the censorship date (last visit in a lost‐to‐follow‐up patient, or 10 November 2015, whichever occurred first). We excluded all the patients who developed any kind of signs and/or symptoms of joint involvement during the follow‐up. A descriptive analysis was performed. We estimated incidence ratios (IRR) of adverse events during systemic treatment using a mixed‐effects Poisson regression.

Results

We included 2120 patients: 1871 (88%) patients with psoriasis without arthritis and 249 (12%) with psoriasis and PsA. The follow‐up time was 5020 patients‐year in the Pso group and 762 patients‐year in the PsA group. Patients with PsA had more comorbidities, particularly hypertension and liver disease; used a higher number of systemic therapies, particularly anti‐TNFα drugs and combination therapy; and presented more adverse events (IRR adjusted = 1.29; 95% CI: [1.05–1.58]), particularly serious adverse events (IRR adjusted = 1.51; 95% CI: [1.01–2.26]) and infections/infestations (IRR adjusted = 1.88; 95% CI: [1.27–2.79]), independently of the associated comorbidities and present/past therapies.

Conclusions

Given the differences between patients with psoriasis alone or with psoriasis associated with PsA, patients with psoriasis and PsA should be followed and managed more closely and with specific attention.
Evidence for purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) release from rat C6 glioma cells
Authors: Giuliani Patricia , Zuccarini Mariachiara , Buccella Silvana , Peña‐Altamira Luis Emiliano , Polazzi Elisabetta , Virgili Marco , Monti Barbara , Poli Alessandro , Rathbone Michel P. , Iorio Patrizia Di , Ciccarelli Renata , Caciagli Francesco
Published: March 2017

Intracellular purine turnover is mainly oriented to preserving the level of triphosphate nucleotides, fundamental molecules in vital cell functions that, when released outside cells, act as receptor signals. Conversely, high levels of purine bases and uric acid are found in the extracellular milieu, even in resting conditions. These compounds could derive from nucleosides/bases that, having escaped to cell reuptake, are metabolized by extracellular enzymes similar to the cytosolic ones. Focusing on purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) that catalyzes the reversible phosphorolysis of purine (deoxy)‐nucleosides/bases, we found that it is constitutively released from cultured rat C6 glioma cells into the medium, and has a molecular weight and enzyme activity similar to the cytosolic enzyme. Cell exposure to 10 μM ATP or guanosine triphosphate (GTP) increased the extracellular amount of all corresponding purines without modifying the levels/activity of released PNP, whereas selective activation of ATP P2Y1 or adenosine A2A metabotropic receptors increased PNP release and purine base formation. The reduction to 1% in oxygen supply (2 h) to cells decreased the levels of released PNP, leading to an increased presence of extracellular nucleosides and to a reduced formation of xanthine and uric acid. Conversely, 2 h cell re‐oxygenation enhanced the extracellular amounts of both PNP and purine bases. Thus, hypoxia and re‐oxygenation modulated in opposite manner the PNP release/activity and, thereby, the extracellular formation of purine metabolism end‐products. In conclusion, extracellular PNP and likely other enzymes deputed to purine base metabolism are released from cells, contributing to the purinergic system homeostasis and exhibiting an important pathophysiological role.

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Development of a Self‐Management Theory‐Guided Discharge Intervention for Parents of Hospitalized Children
Authors: Sawin Kathleen J. , Weiss Marianne E. , Johnson Norah , Gralton Karen , Malin Shelly , Klingbeil Carol , Lerret Stacee M. , Thompson Jamie J. , Zimmanck Kim , Kaul Molly , Schiffman Rachel F.
Published: March 2017

Background

Parents of hospitalized children, especially parents of children with complex and chronic health conditions, report not being adequately prepared for self‐management of their child's care at home after discharge.

Problem

No theory‐based discharge intervention exists to guide pediatric nurses' preparation of parents for discharge.

Purpose

To develop a theory‐based conversation guide to optimize nurses' preparation of parents for discharge and self‐management of their child at home following hospitalization.

Methods

Two frameworks and one method influenced the development of the intervention: the Individual and Family Self‐Management Theory, Tanner's Model of Clinical Judgment, and the Teach‐Back method. A team of nurse scientists, nursing leaders, nurse administrators, and clinical nurses developed and field tested the electronic version of a nine‐domain conversation guide for use in acute care pediatric hospitals.

Conclusions

The theory‐based intervention operationalized self‐management concepts, added components of nursing clinical judgment, and integrated the Teach‐Back method.

Clinical Relevance

Development of a theory‐based intervention, the translation of theoretical knowledge to clinical innovation, is an important step toward testing the effectiveness of the theory in guiding clinical practice. Clinical nurses will establish the practice relevance through future use and refinement of the intervention.
Feeling safe and motivated to achieve better health: Experiences with a partnership‐based nursing practice programme for in‐home patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Leine Marit , Wahl Astrid Klopstad , Borge Christine Råheim , Hustavenes Magne , Bondevik Hilde
Published: March 2017

Aims and objectives

To explore chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients’ experiences with a partnership‐based nursing practice programme in the home setting.

Background

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease suffer from psychological and physiological problems, especially when they return home after hospitalisation from exacerbation. Many express a need for information and knowledge about chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Partnership as practice is a patient‐centred framework providing an individualised practice for each patient. This study intends to achieve a nuanced and improved understanding of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients’ experiences with a partnership‐based nursing practice programme comprising home visits from a respiratory nurse after hospital discharge, alongside interdisciplinary collaboration.

Design

This study has a qualitative design with interviews.

Methods

Six individual semi‐structured interviews collected in 2012–2013 constitute the material. Interviews were recorded, transcribed to written text and analysed using systematic text condensation.

Results

Three key themes were identified: to be seen, talked with and understood; healthcare support at home—continuity, practical support and facilitation; and exchange of knowledge. However, there were two generic themes that permeated the material: feeling safe and comforted, and motivation to achieve better health.

Conclusions

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease can experience feeling safe and comforted, and be motivated to make changes in order to achieve better health after participating in a partnership‐based nursing practice programme that includes home visits from a respiratory nurse and interdisciplinary cooperation after hospital discharge. To feel safe is of great importance, and how this relates to the patient's ability to cope with illness should be explored in further research.

Relevance to clinical practice

The results suggest that the partnership‐based nursing practice programme that includes home visits and interdisciplinary collaboration can be a good approach to meeting the complexity of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patient's health needs.
Acquisition of Involuntary Spinal Locomotion (Spinal Walking) in Dogs with Irreversible Thoracolumbar Spinal Cord Lesion: 81 Dogs
Authors: Gallucci A. , Dragone L. , Menchetti M. , Gagliardo T. , Pietra M. , Cardinali M. , Gandini G.
Published: February 2017

Background

Spinal walking (SW) is described as the acquisition of an involuntary motor function in paraplegic dogs and cats without pain perception affected by a thoracolumbar lesion. Whereas spinal locomotion is well described in cats that underwent training trials after experimental spinal cord resection, less consistent information is available for dogs.

Hypothesis

Paraplegic dogs affected by a thoracolumbar complete spinal cord lesion undergoing intensive physical rehabilitation could acquire an autonomous SW gait under field conditions.

Animals

Eighty‐one acute paraplegic thoracolumbar dogs without pelvic limb pain perception.

Methods

Retrospective study of medical records of dogs selected for intensive rehabilitation treatment in paraplegic dogs with absence of pain perception on admission and during the whole treatment. Binary regression and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze potential associations with the development of SW.

Results

Autonomous SW was achieved in 48 dogs (59%). Median time to achieve SW was of 75.5 days (range: 16–350 days). On univariate analysis, SW gait was associated with younger age (P = .002) and early start of physiotherapy (P = .024). Multivariate logistic regression showed that younger age (≤60 months) and lightweight (≤7.8 kg) were positively associated with development of SW (P = .012 and P < .001, respectively). BCS, full‐time hospitalization, and type and site of the lesion were not significantly associated with development of SW.

Conclusions

Dogs with irreversible thoracolumbar lesion undergoing intensive physiotherapic treatment can acquire SW. Younger age and lightweight are positively associated with the development of SW gait.
Effect of a micronutrient‐rich snack taken preconceptionally and throughout pregnancy on ultrasound measures of fetal growth: The Mumbai Maternal Nutrition Project (MMNP)
Authors: Lawande Ashwin , Di Gravio Chiara , Potdar Ramesh D. , Sahariah Sirazul A. , Gandhi Meera , Chopra Harsha , Sane Harshad , Kehoe Sarah H. , Marley‐Zagar Ella , Margetts Barrie M. , Jackson Alan A. , Fall Caroline H. D.
Published: March 2017

Improving micronutrient intakes of under‐nourished mothers in low‐ and middle‐income countries increases birth weight, but there is little data on the nature and timing during gestation of any effects on fetal growth. Ultrasound measures of fetal size were used to determine whether and when a food‐based supplement affected fetal growth. Non‐pregnant women living in Mumbai slums, India (N = 6,513), were randomly assigned to receive either a daily micronutrient‐rich snack containing green leafy vegetables, fruit, and milk (treatment) or a snack made from lower‐micronutrient vegetables (control) in addition to their usual diet from before pregnancy until delivery. From 2,291 pregnancies, the analysis sample comprised 1,677 fetuses (1,335 fetuses of women supplemented for ≥3 months before conception). First‐trimester (median: 10 weeks, interquartile range: 9–12 weeks) fetal crown‐rump length was measured. Fetal head circumference, biparietal diameter, femur length, and abdominal circumference were measured during the second (19, 19–20 weeks) and third trimesters (29, 28–30 weeks). The intervention had no effect on fetal size or growth at any stage of pregnancy. In the second trimester, there were interactions between parity and allocation group for biparietal diameter (p = .02) and femur length (p = .04) with both being smaller among fetuses of primiparous women and larger among those of multiparous women, in the treatment group compared with the controls. Overall, a micronutrient‐rich supplement did not increase standard ultrasound measures of fetal size and growth at any stage of pregnancy. Additional ultrasound measures of fetal soft tissues (fat and muscle) may be informative.
Big Five Personality Traits, Political Participation, and Civic Engagement: Evidence from 24 Countries
Authors: Weinschenk Aaron C.
Published: February 2017

Objective

Recently, researchers interested in the psychological antecedents of political behavior have started to integrate individual personality traits into models of political participation and civic engagement. Thus far, there have not been any large‐scale, cross‐national analyses of the relationship between personality and participation. In this article, I use data from representative surveys conducted in 24 countries to examine the influence of personality on political and civic participation. The analysis focuses on the influence of the Big Five traits, enabling tests of hypotheses (that have previously only been tested in a few countries) across diverse contexts.

Methods

I use logistic, Poisson, and ordered logit models to investigate the effects of the Big Five traits on a variety of measures of political and civic engagement, controlling for a number of demographic attributes previously connected to participation such as income and education.

Results

I find evidence that the effects of the Big Five vary considerably across countries.

Conclusion

The results presented here justify future research on personality‐environment interactions.
Full‐length sequences of 3 HLA‐B alleles, B*07:05:01:01, B*14:01:01 and B*18:02, confirmed by cloning and sequencing
Authors: Li Z. , Zou H.‐Y.
Published: March 2017

Full‐length sequences of HLA‐B*07:05:01:01, B*14:01:01 and B*18:02, confirmed by cloning and sequencing in Chinese donors.
Full‐length sequences of 4 HLA‐B*15 alleles, B*15:07:01:01, B*15:27:01, B*15:32:01 and B*15:58, confirmed by cloning and sequencing
Authors: Li Z. , Zou H.‐Y.
Published: March 2017

We report the full‐length sequence of 4 HLA‐B*15 alleles, B*15:07:01:01, B*15:27:01, B*15:32:01 and B*15:58.
Comparison of the efficacy of small and large‐bore thoracostomy tubes for pleural space evacuation in canine cadavers
Authors: Fetzer Tara J. , Walker Julie M. , Bach Jonathan F.
Published: March 2017

Objective

To determine if there is a difference in the amounts of air (A), low‐viscosity fluid (LV), or high‐viscosity fluid (HV) that can be aspirated from the pleural cavity of canine cadavers using small‐bore (SB) or large‐bore (LB) thoracostomy tubes.

Design

Prospective experimental ex vivo study.

Setting

University teaching hospital.

Animals

Thirty‐six canine cadavers.

Interventions

Each cadaver was randomly assigned to 1 of 6 groups (SB‐A, LB‐A, SB‐LV, LB‐LV, SB‐HV, LB‐HV). In each cadaver bilateral thoracostomy tubes (either SB or LB) were placed and 20 mL/kg of air, LV fluid, or HV fluid was instilled via 1 thoracostomy tube. Both tubes were aspirated and the volume aspirated was recorded and analyzed as a percentage of instilled air or fluid volume. The procedure was repeated on the contralateral hemithorax.

Measurements and Main Results

There was no significant difference in air or fluid recovery when SB and LB groups were compared. Median (range) air recovery volumes in the SB‐A and LB‐A groups were 101.5% (94.4–115.8%) and 102.8% (94.1–107.8%), respectively (P = 0.898). Recovery of LV fluid was 93.5% (79.2–99.0%) for SB‐LV and 85.8% (77.1–101.8%) for LB‐LV cadavers (P = 0.305) and recovery percentages of HV fluid were 92.6% (86.1–96.2%) and 91.4% (74.2–96.4%) for SB‐HV and LB‐HV groups, respectively (P > 0.999). There was no significant difference between SB and LB groups when all substances were combined (94.1% [79.2–115.8%] and 93.5% [74.2–107.8%], respectively, P = 0.557).

Conclusions

SB and LB thoracostomy tubes demonstrated similar efficacy in removing known amounts of air, LV fluid, and HV fluid from the pleural space of canine cadavers. Further study is necessary to determine if SB and LB thoracostomy tubes demonstrate similar efficacy in clinical veterinary patients.
SIRT1 may play a crucial role in overload‐induced hypertrophy of skeletal muscle
Authors: Koltai Erika , Bori Zoltán , Chabert Clovis , Dubouchaud Hervé , Naito Hisashi , Machida Shuichi , Davies Kelvin JA , Murlasits Zsolt , Fry Andrew C , Boldogh Istvan , Radak Zsolt
Published: March 2017

Key points

Silent mating type information regulation 2 homologue 1 (SIRT1) activity and content increased significantly in overload‐induced hypertrophy.

SIRT1‐mediated signalling through Akt, the endothelial nitric oxide synthase mediated pathway, regulates anabolic process in the hypertrophy of skeletal muscle.

The regulation of catabolic signalling via forkhead box O 1 and protein ubiquitination is SIRT1 dependent.

Overload‐induced changes in microRNA levels regulate SIRT1 and insulin‐like growth factor 1 signalling.

Significant skeletal muscle mass guarantees functional wellbeing and is important for high level performance in many sports. Although the molecular mechanism for skeletal muscle hypertrophy has been well studied, it still is not completely understood. In the present study, we used a functional overload model to induce plantaris muscle hypertrophy by surgically removing the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles in rats. Two weeks of muscle ablation resulted in a 40% increase in muscle mass, which was associated with a significant increase in silent mating type information regulation 2 homologue 1 (SIRT1) content and activity (P < 0.001). SIRT1‐regulated Akt, endothelial nitric oxide synthase and GLUT4 levels were also induced in hypertrophied muscles, and SIRT1 levels correlated with muscle mass, paired box protein 7 (Pax7), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) levels. Alternatively, decreased forkhead box O 1 (FOXO1) and increased K48 polyubiquitination also suggest that SIRT1 could be involved in the catabolic process of hypertrophy. Furthermore, increased levels of K63 and muscle RING finger 2 (MuRF2) protein could also be important enhancers of muscle mass. We report here that the levels of miR1 and miR133a decrease in hypertrophy and negatively correlate with muscle mass, SIRT1 and Nampt levels. Our results reveal a strong correlation between SIRT1 levels and activity, SIRT1‐regulated pathways and overload‐induced hypertrophy. These findings, along with the well‐known regulatory roles that SIRT1 plays in modulating both anabolic and catabolic pathways, allow us to propose the hypothesis that SIRT1 may actually play a crucial causal role in overload‐induced hypertrophy of skeletal muscle. This hypothesis will now require rigorous direct and functional testing.
Preservation of skeletal muscle mitochondrial content in older adults: relationship between mitochondria, fibre type and high‐intensity exercise training
Authors: Wyckelsma Victoria L. , Levinger Itamar , McKenna Michael J. , Formosa Luke E. , Ryan Michael T. , Petersen Aaron C. , Anderson Mitchell J. , Murphy Robyn M.
Published: March 2017

Key points

Ageing is associated with an upregulation of mitochondrial dynamics proteins mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) and mitochondrial dynamics protein 49 (MiD49) in human skeletal muscle with the increased abundance of Mfn2 being exclusive to type II muscle fibres.

These changes occur despite a similar content of mitochondria, as measured by COXIV, NDUFA9 and complexes in their native states (Blue Native PAGE).

Following 12 weeks of high‐intensity training (HIT), older adults exhibit a robust increase in mitochondria content, while there is a decline in Mfn2 in type II fibres.

We propose that the upregulation of Mfn2 and MiD49 with age may be a protective mechanism to protect against mitochondrial dysfunction, in particularly in type II skeletal muscle fibres, and that exercise may have a unique protective effect negating the need for an increased turnover of mitochondria.

Mitochondrial dynamics proteins are critical for mitochondrial turnover and maintenance of mitochondrial health. High‐intensity interval training (HIT) is a potent training modality shown to upregulate mitochondrial content in young adults but little is known about the effects of HIT on mitochondrial dynamics proteins in older adults. This study investigated the abundance of protein markers for mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial content in older adults compared to young adults. It also investigated the adaptability of mitochondria to 12 weeks of HIT in older adults. Both older and younger adults showed a higher abundance of mitochondrial respiratory chain subunits COXIV and NDUFA9 in type I compared with type II fibres, with no difference between the older adults and young groups. In whole muscle homogenates, older adults had higher mitofusin‐2 (Mfn2) and mitochondrial dynamics protein 49 (MiD49) contents compared to the young group. Also, older adults had higher levels of Mfn2 in type II fibres compared with young adults. Following HIT in older adults, MiD49 and Mfn2 levels were not different in whole muscle and Mfn2 content decreased in type II fibres. Increases in citrate synthase activity (55%) and mitochondrial respiratory chain subunits COXIV (37%) and NDUFA9 (48%) and mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes (∼70–100%) were observed in homogenates and/or single fibres. These findings reveal (i) a similar amount of mitochondria in muscle from young and healthy older adults and (ii) a robust increase of mitochondrial content following 12 weeks of HIT exercise in older adults.
A Numerical Study of Developing Buoyancy-Assisted Mixed Convection With Spatially Periodic Wall Heating
Authors: Dritselis Chris D.
Published: March 2017

The validity of a parabolic model for simulating the developing buoyancy-assisted mixed convection flow in a vertical channel with spatially periodic wall temperature is verified by a full elliptic model of the momentum and energy equations. A detailed assessment of the effects of the grid resolution, the Richardson number, the Reynolds number, and the preheating zone is presented through extensive comparisons of the velocity and temperature fields and spatial variations of pressure and local heat fluxes at the walls yielded by both models. The parabolic model is capable of reproducing the flow modification into a pattern consisting of a recirculating zone with increasing Richardson number, capturing adequately the main trends of the flow and heat transfer results. For certain combinations of the relevant nondimensional parameters, the solutions of the parabolic model agree reasonably well with those of the elliptic model from a quantitative point of view. In all the cases examined here, the computational time needed by the parabolic model is significantly smaller than that of the elliptic model.
Effect of Potential Energy Variation on the Natural Frequency of an Euler–Bernoulli Cantilever Beam Under Lateral Force and Compression
Authors: Béri B. , Stépán G. , Hogan S. J.
Published: March 2017

A cantilever beam is subjected to both lateral force and compression under gravity. By taking into account the potential energy variation of the system, we develop a theoretical result that greatly simplifies the bending vibration frequency calculation in agreement with the experiments.
Active Travel to Primary Schools in Ireland: An Opportunistic Evaluation of a Natural Experiment
Authors: Lambe Barry , Murphy Niamh , Bauman Adrian
Published: March 2017

Background:

There is a paucity of intervention studies assessing active travel to school as a mechanism to increase physical activity. This paper describes the impact of a community-wide intervention on active travel to primary schools in 2 Irish towns.

Methods:

This was a repeat cross-sectional study of a natural experiment. Self-report questionnaires were completed by 5th and 6th grade students in 3 towns (n = 1038 students in 2 intervention towns; n = 419 students in 1 control town) at baseline and by a new group of students 2 years later at follow-up. The absolute change in the proportion of children walking and cycling to school (difference in differences) was calculated.

Results:

There was no overall intervention effect detected for active travel to or from school. This is despite an absolute increase of 14.7% (1.6, 27.9) in the proportion of children that indicated a preference for active travel to school in the town with the most intensive intervention (town 2).

Conclusions:

Interventions designed to increase active travel to school hold some promise but should have a high-intensity mix of infrastructural and behavioral measures, be gender-specific, address car dependency and focus on travel home from school initially.
Sport-Specific Outdoor Rehabilitation in a Group Setting: Do the Intentions Match Actual Training Load?
Authors: de Bruijn Jeroen , van der Worp Henk , Korte Mark , de Vries Astrid , Nijland Rick , Brink Michel
Published: March 2017

Context: Previous research has shown a weak relationship between intended and actual training load in various sports. Due to variety in group and content, this relationship is expected to be even weaker during group rehabilitation. Objective: The goal of this study was to examine the relationship between intended and actual training load during sport-specific rehabilitation in a group setting. Design: Observational study. Setting: Three outdoor rehabilitation sessions. Participants: Nine amateur soccer players recovering from lower limb injury participated in the study (age 22 ± 3 y, height 179 ± 9 cm, body mass 75 ± 13 kg). Main Outcome Measures: We collected physiotherapists’ ratings of intended exertion (RIE) and players’ ratings of perceived exertion (RPE). Furthermore, Zephyr Bioharness 3 equipped with GPS-trackers provided heart rate and distance data. We computed heart rate–based training loads using Edwards’ method and a modified TRIMP. Results: Overall, we found weak correlations (N = 42) between RIE and RPE (r = 0.35), Edwards’ (r = 0.34), TRIMPMOD (r = 0.07), and distance (r = 0.26). Conclusions: In general, physiotherapists tended to underestimate training loads. To check whether intended training loads are met, it is thus recommended to monitor training loads during rehabilitation.