АНАЛИЗ ПАТЕНТНОЙ АКТИВНОСТИ КАК ФАКТОРА ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ РОССИИ
Authors: Васецкая Н.О. 
Published: February 2025

Основной целью работы является исследование динамики патентной и инновационной деятельности в РФ как фактора экономического развития. В ходе исследования проведён анализ зависимости затрат на НИОКР и патентов на изобретения, выданных российским заявителям (юридическим лицам). Выявлена статистически значимая связь между публикационной активностью как результатом НИР и числом передовых производственных технологий, получаемых с помощью патентов. Проверена статистическая достоверность гипотезы о величине временного лага между затратами на научные исследования и их результатами.

Introduction. Theoretical and methodological approaches to solution of the problem of qualitative assessment of effectiveness of R AND D and new knowledge involve several courses based on the direct control of research activities results based on economics and social development, and the indirect impact of the research products on various living environment of the society. The figures of patent statistics and expenses on R AND D are the optimum for the analysis of efficiency of research expenditures processes, related to technology development. The goal of the research is to study the dynamics of patent and innovation activity in Russia as a factor for economic development using the method of correlation analysis and the method of graphical analysis. Results. Dependence of the results in the form of patents of invention from the expenditures connected with R AND D and the volume of financing of citizen science from the federal money taking into account the time lag between the research costs and their results has been analyzed. A statistically significant connection between the publication activities as results of research activities and number of advanced manufacturing technology, obtained from patents, has been revealed. In other words, dependence of the number of invention patents issued to Russian researchers during the current year on the volume of citizen science financed from the federal money with an account of a three-year time lag has the very trends as the dependence of the number of Russian publications in WOS in the current year on the volume of citizen science financed from the federal money in the previous year, that is with a one year time lag. A statistical confidence of the a hypothesis on the range of time lag between the research costs and their results as invention patents and the innovation activity of an enterprise related to the use of the findings to develop innovative products, make technological improvements, etc. A significant connection between the number of advanced manufacturing technologies established through the use of the patents of invention and the number of Russian publications in WOS for a 2014-2018 period has been statistically confirmed. Conclusion. To obtain the results of research activities, it is necessary to plan financing with an account of an appropriate lag for research activities and their results. Besides, an activity increase in the chain R AND D publications patents development work production requires an increase in volume of financing in all the elements of this chain by establishing government mechanisms of business stimulation to actively use the research results for manufacturing the innovation products, desirable for the society.