bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Аналіз епідеміологічної структури збудників внутрішньолікарняних інфекцій у стоматологічних закладах
Authors: Олашин Інна Вікторівна
Published: May 2024

Вступ. Захворюваність на внутрішньолікарняні інфекції (ВЛІ) належить до пріоритетних проблем в практиці охорони здоров’я. Актуальність визначається широким розповсюдженням ВЛІ в стоматологічних установах, а також значними збитками, які вони завдають здоров'ю пацієнтів та персоналу. Мета. Виокремити збудників й надати загальне поняття терміну внутрішньолікарняних інфекцій. Проаналізувати та висвітлити основні джерела, шляхи передачі, причини зростання та фактори ризику ВЛІ. На основі цього зробити висновки щодо профілактики. Матеріали та методи дослідження. Збір та аналіз літературних джерел щодо поширеності, етіології, резистентності, частоти виникнення та шляхи передачі збудників ВЛІ. Огляд баз Google Академія за ключовими словами: нозокоміальна інфекція, внутрішньолікарняна інфекція, віруси, бактерії, інфекційні захворювання, а також аналіз досліджень поширеності збудників ВЛІ в повітряному середовищі стоматологічних кабінетів. Виклад основного матеріалу дослідження. Найпоширеніші збудники ВЛІ – Staphylococcus aureus, S. Typhymurium, вірус гепатиту B (HBV), вірус імунодефіциту людини (ВІЛ). Шляхи передачі – контактний, аерозольний, парентеральний, фекально-оральний, аліментарний. Причини поширеності: збільшення осіб груп підвищеного ризику, ослаблення природного імунітету, ускладнення оперативних втручань, надмірне застосування антибіотиків, формування внутрішньолікарняних штамів збудників, полірезистентних до антибіотиків, неретельне знезараження інструментарію. Висновок з дослідження. Запобігання та мінімізація негативного впливу ВЛІ потребують від фахівців галузі широкого знання та розуміння причин виникнення та поширення збудників, тобто їх епідеміологічної структури, що в подальшому відкриває ширше поле зору для вирішення цієї проблеми, а саме – застосування профілактичних заходів.
Надання стоматологічних послуг у форматі 3П медицини
Authors: Юсько Леся Сергіївна , Брехлічук Павло Павлович
Published: May 2024

Актуальність: стаття присвячена систематичному оглядові сучасних досягнень в області стоматології з урахуванням принципів 3П медицини (персоналізованої, превентивної та прогностичної) та демонструє вплив розвитку концепції 3П медицини на сучасну практику надання стоматологічних послуг. Мета дослідження полягає в аналізі та оцінці впливу індивідуалізованих терапевтичних підходів, стратегій превентивної діагностики та заходів з попередження стоматологічних захворювань, а також у визначенні можливостей прогностичної оцінки ризиків та результатів лікування. Матеріали та методи: матеріалами досліджень були загальні наукові праці, нормативні документи та протоколи з охорони здоров’я України, міжнародні протоколи. Пошук статей та інших наукових праць, опублікованих англійською та українською мовами, здійснювали в мережі Internet, використовуючи електронні бази даних Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed та Google Scholar. Результати досліджень: проаналізовано інноваційні стратегії, які спрямовані на індивідуалізацію лікування, попередження виникнення захворювань та передбачення їхнього перебігу у стоматології. Висновки з дослідження: впровадження принципів 3П медицини в стоматологічну практику може значно підвищити ефективність та результативність лікування, а також сприятиме покращенню результатів лікування, зниженню ризику виникнення захворювань та забезпечить індивідуалізований та передбачуваний підхід до надання стоматологічних послуг.
Аналіз частоти та характеру ускладнень після проведеного консервативного лікування у пацієнтів з переломами виросткового відростка нижньої щелепи
Authors: Бойчук Іван Мирославович , Бамбуляк Андрій Васильович
Published: May 2024

Вступ. Серед переломів нижньої щелепи (НЩ) особливе місце посідають внутрішньосуглобові переломи з вивихом, або роздробленням головки, котрі призводять до порушення функцій НЩ та мають негативний вплив на естетику обличчя. На жаль, існує значна кількість діагностичних помилок при постановці діагнозу перелом виросткового відростка нижньої щелепи (ВВНЩ) та розвитку ускладнень після неефективного лікування. Мета роботи – проаналізувати частоту та характеру ускладнень після проведеного консервативного лікування у пацієнтів з переломами ВВНЩ та визначити їх ймовірні причини. Матеріали та методи. У період проведення дослідження (2022-2023 р.) до ОКНП «Чернівецька обласна клінічна лікарня» звернулось 23 особи з різними ускладненнями після проведеного консервативного лікування переломів ВВНЩ. На основі вивчення медичної документації проведено аналіз частоти, характеру та ймовірних причин розвитку ускладнень при переломах ВВНЩ. Результати дослідження та їх обговорення. У результаті проведеного дослідження встановлено, що зміни конфігурації обличчя за рахунок посттравматичної деформації НЩ діагностували у 57,14% хворих, девітацію НЩ різної величини при відкриванні рота – у 28,57% хворих, дефлексію НЩ при відкриванні рота – у 14,28% хворого. Дані рентгенологічного дослідження у хворих після закінчення консервативного лікування показали, що у всіх пацієнтів була присутня посттравматична деформація ВВНЩ, консолідація уламків ВВНЩ у неправильному положенні; у 2 хворих був діагностований анкілоз СНЩС. Висновки. Отже, провідними ускладненнями у пацієнтів з переломами виросткового відростка нижньої щелепи після проведеного консервативного лікування була відсутність репозицій малих фрагментів на всіх етапах курації даного виду переломів, що було обумовлено недостатністю проведених діагностичних заходів.
Laboratory Tests of the Area of Head Joints and Bed Joints Increase the Diagonal Shear Stress of Brick Walls
Authors: Marwahyudi Marwahyudi , Rifai Muhammad Dian , Ahwan Ahwan
Published: May 2024

The strength of a brick wall is influenced by the failure of the mortar bond and the resistance of the bad joint and head joint when carrying the force. The wider the head joint and bad joint areas result in a wider bonded area which increases the diagonal shear strength of the wall. Residential walls that have increased ability to withstand diagonal shear forces will be more stable when subjected to earthquake lateral forces. This research formulates that the wider the connecting area of the body and head joint, the higher the diagonal shear strength. The test was carried out by making a square test object measuring 60 x 60 cm. then pressure is applied in the diagonal direction. At the time of setting up the test object is done carefully and thoroughly. The test object is positioned perpendicular to the diagonal direction. The test object is placed absolutely perpendicular and is given a load until it is completely damaged. Loading method by providing a force that increases regularly until the structure experiences a complete failure. The bonded area in each brick shape is measured and compared with the results of the diagonal shear strength. This value is analyzed to obtain the effect on the diagonal shear strength. The percentage effect of each brick shape is compared and the results are analyzed. The results of the analysis are to obtain justification whether the area of the bad joint and head joint affects the diagonal shear strength. The novelty of this research is to obtain several brick designs that increase the strength of the diagonal shear stress. Tests show that the greater the area of the head joint, the greater the value of the diagonal shear stress.
Evaluación de la aceptabilidad de textos bioracionales con conectores congruentes o incongruentes por estudiantes universitarios
Authors:   Universidad de Guadalajara, Limón-Fernández Héctor Adrián , Sánchez González Victor Javier ,   Universidad de Guadalajara, Sánchez-Loyo Luis Miguel ,   Universidad de Guadalajara
Published: May 2024

El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la aceptabilidad de textos bioracionales por estudiantes universitarios con conectores congruentes o incongruentes. Participaron 172 estudiantes universitarios, quienes evaluaron, a través de un instrumento en línea, la aceptabilidad de 210 textos bioracionales, en cinco condiciones diferentes con un conector y una palabra de cierre: conector adversativo - cierre congruente, conector aditivo- cierre congruente, conector adversativo- cierre incongruente, conector aditivo – cierre incongruente y conector inadecuado. Los datos se analizaron mediante estadística no paramétrica. Se observó una mayor cantidad de respuestas correctas en la aceptabilidad de la identificación de las condiciones de conector con cierre incongruente y cierre inadecuado, comparado con las condiciones de conector con cierre congruente. Asimismo, se observó que los estudiantes, del área de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades tuvieron menor número de respuestas correctas en la aceptabilidad de los textos en comparación con el resto de estudiantes de otras áreas del conocimiento. Se discute sobre las diferencias entre la aceptabilidad de los ítems congruentes versus incongruentes, así como sobre un desempeño de los estudiantes diferenciado por áreas del conocimiento que cursaban. Las tareas de aceptabilidad de textos pueden ser empleadas en el estudio de las funciones de los conectores empleadas por los estudiantes de diferentes áreas del conocimiento.
Proyecto Mentores Erasmus: una experiencia de práctica docente de ELE
Authors:   Universidad de Zaragoza, Silvestre Miralles Alicia
Published: May 2024

La competencia intercultural es definida por el MCER como una de las que se trabaja más tarde en el aprendizaje de lenguas extranjeras. El contacto entre pares de diferentes culturas facilita el aprendizaje al proporcionar lenguaje, experiencias y un universo intercultural y generacional compartido. Implementar acciones que fortalezcan y suavicen las diferencias interculturales es, en el entorno actual, necesidad de primer plano, y disminuye las distancias de manera que se reducen las desigualdades, como piden los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible.
Aprender cultura también puede ser divertido. Propuesta didáctica para aumentar la motivación en el laboratorio de español
Authors:   Universidad de Sevilla, Company Almagro Rebeca ,   Leuphana Universität Lüneburg
Published: May 2024

Conseguir motivar a los estudiantes de L2 es una tarea complicada, sobre todo cuando su motivación es instrumental. Esta dificultad se convierte en todo un reto cuando el objetivo es enseñarles acerca de la(s) cultura(s) de la L2 que están aprendiendo. Para que el aprendizaje sea exitoso y los alumnos participen en clase (Lantolf, 2000), hay que conseguir que el temario les resulte interesante y divertido (Schütz 1998). Una de las herramientas para ello son los juegos, los cuales tienen numerosos beneficios (cf. Gozcu y Caganaga, 2016; Rico et al. 2015). Este artículo presenta una propuesta didáctica basada en juegos desarrollados con nuevas tecnologías. La unidad didáctica fue diseñada e implementada por nuestro grupo de becarias Fulbright, con motivo de la celebración de dos semanas culturales en los laboratorios de español: España y México. El objetivo era no sólo aumentar la motivación de los alumnos en los laboratorios, sino también su disposición para aprender sobre la cultura de los países de habla hispana. Finalmente, el artículo muestra también parte de los resultados obtenidos tras un cuestionario sobre motivación realizado por un porcentaje de los alumnos de la autora, los cuales muestran que la propuesta didáctica fue un éxito.
Los estudios de interpretación: una apuesta a la interdisciplinariedad
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Sánchez Ramírez Héctor Javier
Published: May 2024

La práctica de la interpretación interlingüística ha sido una pieza fundamental para el desarrollo humano y el desarrollo de las relaciones humanas. No obstante, la investigación en torno a esta práctica no ha gozado el mismo interés en comparación con los estudios realizados en textos escritos, a pesar de poder abordar la práctica interpretativa desde diferentes perspectivas que ayuden a comprender, desde fenómenos propios y particulares de esta práctica, hasta fenómenos compartidos en otras prácticas comunicativas donde se implique otra lengua diferente a la materna. Este artículo presenta las bases teóricas que guiaron un trabajo doctoral en torno al uso y representación del español y el inglés como lenguas de trabajo empleadas durante dos prácticas de interpretación realizadas por alumnos en formación como intérpretes. De igual manera, se presenta de manera breve la metodología que se siguió, además de algunas conclusiones, específicamente la detección de efectos de priming interlingüístico, que permiten establecer un diálogo entre diferentes disciplinas como la psicolingüística, el bilingüismo y la lingüística de corpus.
ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG, CẬN LÂM SÀNG, ĐIỀU TRỊ CỦA BỆNH NHÂN NGƯỜI LỚN NHIỄM CÚM A/H3 ĐIỀU TRỊ NỘI TRÚ TẠI BỆNH VIỆN BỆNH NHIỆT ĐỚI NĂM 2019-2020
Authors: Nguyễn Phương Anh , Trần Đăng Khoa , Nguyễn Thị Cẩm Hường
Published: May 2024

Đặt vấn đề: Siêu vi cúm gây viêm đường hô hấp cấp có khả năng lây cao tạo thành dịch và đại dịch. Gánh nặng bệnh tật và tử vong hằng năm của bệnh cúm cao. Đặc điểm bệnh nhân nhiễm phân týp cúm A/H3 chưa được mô tả đầy đủ.

Mục tiêu: Mô tả đặc điểm lâm sàng, cận lâm sàng, phương pháp điều trị và kết cục điều trị của bệnh nhân người lớn nhiễm siêu vi cúm A/H3 điều trị nội trú.

Đối tượng, phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu mô tả hàng loạt ca bệnh ≥16 tuổi nhập viện Bệnh viện Bệnh Nhiệt đới, được chẩn đoán cúm A/H3 có kết quả RT–PCR phết mũi họng dương tính.

Kết quả nghiên cứu: Có 56 ca được đưa vào nghiên cứu với đa phần là người ≥65 tuổi (73,2%) và có bệnh nền (69,6%). Các triệu chứng thường gặp là ho, sốt và khó thở. 83,9% bệnh nhân có biểu hiện viêm phổi với X quang ngực có tổn thương mô kẽ lan tỏa hai bên phổi chiếm đa số. 73,2% bệnh nhân bị suy hô hấp, 14/56 bệnh nhân tiến triển thành ARDS. Tất cả bệnh nhân đều được điều trị oseltamivir và 91,1% được dùng kháng sinh. Tỷ lệ tử vong là 5,4%.

Kết luận: Cúm A/H3 có thể gây bệnh viêm đường hô hấp cấp với biểu hiện suy hô hấp cao, đặc biệt ở người lớn tuổi và có bệnh nền.
Efektivitas stimulasi oral terhadap peningkatan reflek hisap lemah pada bayi prematur di RSU Royal Prima Medan
Authors: Sihombing Jesica Claudia BR , Mariana Isnin , Wahyuni Jevi , Tinambunan Johana Saida Tiurma , Siregar Debi Novita
Published: May 2024

Background: Premature babies are babies born at preterm gestational age, namely less than 37 weeks. Breastfeeding problems are often found due to inefficient and effective sucking abilities in premature babies. One of the interventions carried out by nurses to develop sucking and swallowing reflexes is oral stimulation with massage touches on the muscle tissue around the mouth. The hope is that this stimulation can improve the sucking reflex in premature babies, so that the length of stay is shorter, the baby's recovery is faster, the baby can catch up quickly and of course it can reduce medical costs.
Purpose: To determine the effectiveness of giving oral stimulation to improve weak sucking reflexes in premature babies.
Method: Quasi experimental with one group pre-post test design. The population used in this study was 30 premature babies who had weak sucking reflexes at RSU Royal Prima. The sampling technique uses total sampling.
Results: Before oral stimulation, all participants (30 babies) had weak sucking reflexes and after being given oral stimulation, 4 babies had adequate sucking reflexes and 24 participants had good sucking reflexes.
Conclusion: There is effectiveness of giving oral stimulation to improve weak sucking reflexes in premature babies.. 
 
Keywords: Oral Stimulation; Premature Baby; Weak Suction Reflex. 
 
Pendahuluan: Bayi prematur adalah bayi yang dilahirkan saat usia kehamilan kurang bulan yaitu kurang dari 37 minggu. Masalah menyusui sering ditemukan karena kemampuan menghisap yang belum efisien dan efektif pada bayi prematur. Salah satu intervensi yang dilakukan perawat untuk perkembangan refleks menghisap dan menelan adalah stimulasi oral dengan sentuhan pijatan pada jaringan otot di sekitar mulut. Harapannya dengan dilakukan stimulasi ini dapat meningkatkan reflek hisap pada bayi prematur, sehingga lama rawatan menjadi lebih singkat, pemulihan bayi lebih cepat, dapat mengejar ketertinggalan bayi dengan cepat dan tentunya dapat menekan biaya pengobatan.
Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui efektivitas pemberian stimulasi oral terhadap peningkatan reflek hisap lemah pada bayi prematur.
Metode: Quasi eksperiment dengan one group pre-post test design. Populasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah bayi lahir prematur sebanyak 30 bayi yang memiliki reflek hisap lemah di RSU Royal Prima. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan menggunakan total sampling.
Hasil: Sebelum dilakukan stimulasi oral seluruh partisipan (30 bayi) memiliki reflek hisap lemah dan setelah diberikan stimulasi oral terdapat sebanyak 4 bayi memiliki reflek hisap cukup dan sebanyak 24 partisipan memiliki reflek hisap Baik.
Simpulan: Adanya efektivitas pemberian stimulasi oral terhadap peningkatan reflek hisap lemah pada bayi prematur.
 
Kata Kunci: Bayi Prematur; Reflek Hisap Lemah; Stimulasi Oral.
Mental health and physical activities among heart failure patients
Authors: Wiyoga Aryasatya Cahya , Kristinawati Beti
Published: May 2024

Background: Changes in heart structure result in a decrease in the ability to pump blood, thereby impacting tissue perfusion. This condition triggers fatigue so that patients suffer from limitations in carrying out physical activities.
Purpose: To find out the relationship between mental health and the ability to perform physical activity in heart failure patients.
Method: The study employed a quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach on 140 heart failure patients. The researcher applied a purposive technique in determining samples. Data collection lasted for 3 months starting from October to December 2023 at the Cardiac Clinic of Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta. The researcher administered the depression anxiety stress scale-42 (DASS 42) instrument to assess mental health, and the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) to assess the ability to perform physical activities. For relationship analysis among variables, the researcher used the Spearman test with a significance <0.005.
Results: The results showed a relationship between depression and physical activity (p=0.001), anxiety and physical activity (p=0.002), and stress and physical activity (p=0.002).
Conclusion: The state of mental health in heart failure patients has a relationship in their ability carrying out activities.
The effect of dayak onion (Eleutherine americana L. Merr) with cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii) and its application as an instant drink on fasting blood sugar levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Nisa Farihatun , Sudirman Sudirman , Walin Walin , Supriyadi Supriyadi , Widiyanto Budi
Published: May 2024

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Type II is caused by impaired insulin secretion by pancreatic β cells, which experience insulin resistance, resulting in increased blood sugar levels. Instant drink Dayak onion syrup (Eleutherine americana L. Merr) with cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii) is predicted to reduce fasting blood sugar levels in Type II DM clients.
Purpose: Prove the effectiveness of Dayak onion syrup instant drink with cinnamon on fasting blood sugar levels in Type II DM clients.
Method: This research uses quantitative methods with a quasi-experimental design approach with a non-randomized design control group pretest and posttest design. The number of samples in this study was 36 people using consecutive sampling techniques. Each group was given intervention for 14 days, namely an instant drink of Dayak onion syrup with cinnamon at a dose of 10 ml and pharmacological drug therapy and the control group received pharmacological drug therapy. Data analysis used the Paired-Sample T-test.
Results: Fasting blood sugar levels in the intervention group experienced an average decrease of 20.00 mg/dL (p = 0.382) while those in the control group experienced an average increase of 8.22 mg/dL (p = 0.000). It was proven that the instant Dayak onion syrup drink with cinnamon reduced fasting blood sugar levels in Type II DM clients (p=0.000).
Conclusion: Instant Dayak onion syrup drink with cinnamon has been proven to be effective in reducing fasting blood sugar levels in Type II DM clients.
New Axinite Occurrence from Bükk Mts., NE Hungary
Authors: Balassa Csilla , Németh Norbert , Kristály Ferenc
Published: May 2024

The ‘Y-adit’ (Lillafüred, Bükk Mts.) was known for years as the only axinite (Ca-Al-borosilicate mineral group) occurrence from Hungary. Here the axinite is the component of hydrothermal quartz – albite –  chlorite – calcite veins, in Triassic metabasalts. We report a new, recently discovered axinite occurrence from the Bükk Mts., at Létrás-tető Hill. This new occurrence is in the vicinity of the previous one, but the two axinite-bearing parageneses are completely different from each other. The newly discovered axinite is the rock forming component in Triassic metabasalts of the Szentistvánhegy Metavolcanics Formation. The rock body suffered a potassic metasomatism, which overprinted the axinite formation. The source of the boron and the relationship with other borosilicates from the Bükk Mts. is not yet clear.
Spatial Investigation of Sulfate in Groundwater of Asmara, Eritrea
Authors: Asghede Kabral Mogos , Vágó János , Hagos Dawit Berhane
Published: May 2024

This study examines the spatial distribution and prediction of sulfate levels in groundwater of Asmara, Eritrea. The research integrates data from wells and applies ordinary kriging and semi-variogram analysis. The study classifies the area into three zones based on standard categories: excellent, good, and poor quality. Data analysis indicates a skewed sulfate dataset requiring log transformation for normality. The semi-variogram analysis identifies hole effect as the best model for prediction, where the study's prediction map reveals that most of the areas meet the desired sulfate levels. The findings provide valuable insights for sustainable water management, guiding decision-making and highlighting the significance of geostatistics and GIS technology in predicting groundwater quality.
Facilitating Knowledge Transfer To Students Through Tayammum Trekathon In An Interactive Activities
Authors: Nurdalila A'wani Aziz , Mohamed Jamil Mohd Zuhaifah , Rosli Dzulfadli , Ab Rahman Muhamad Firdaus , Daman Huri Nur Nadia Fadhlina
Published: May 2024

Tayammum, an essential aspect of Islamic jurisprudence, serves as an alternative method of ritual purification (ablution) when water is unavailable, or its use is impractical. Tayammum purification method is using ground dust, a significant aspect of Islamic practice. However, traditional teaching methods may not always effectively convey its intricacies to students. To address this, interactive activities are employed to engage students actively in the learning process. This study investigates the effectiveness of utilizing interactive activities as a means to facilitate the transfer of Tayammum knowledge to students. Through a combination of hands-on experiences, simulations, and group activities, students are immersed in practical scenarios related to Tayammum is developed. The title of the program is Tayammum Trekathon. This approach not only enhances understanding but also fosters a deeper connection to the subject matter. The findings suggest that incorporating interactive activities into teaching Tayammum significantly improves knowledge transfer and student engagement, ultimately enriching the learning experience.
How to Join Forces of Public Bureaucracy and External Stakeholders to Enhance the Current Legislation
Authors: Kurbangaleeva Ekaterina , Veretennikov Dmitry
Published: May 2024

Once new legislation is passed, the responsible executive must monitor its application and identify shortcomings. Often, after a new law goes into effect, bureaucracies are overwhelmed with complaints from affected citizens, leading to dissatisfaction and questioning of the state's capacity. Moreover, authorities continue to incur costs, wasting taxpayers' money due to ill-conceived legislation. The authors developed a three-component approach, including a special research methodology, which was successfully applied to address two issues related to the Russian social welfare system for socially vulnerable groups. The first issue concerned the accessibility of higher education for disabled people. The second issue was related to social examinations for children with rare diseases. From 2017 to 2020, new laws and corresponding changes to existing legislation were adopted. In the paper, the authors share data from both studies and detail efforts to bring together bureaucracies, researchers, and journalists to craft effective legislation for socially vulnerable citizens.
Raman-based PAT for VLP precipitation: systematic data diversification and preprocessing pipeline identification
Authors: Dietrich Annabelle , Schiemer Robin , Kurmann Jasper , Zhang Shiqi , Hubbuch Jürgen
Published: May 2024

Virus-like particles (VLPs) are a promising class of biopharmaceuticals for vaccines and targeted delivery. Starting from clarified lysate, VLPs are typically captured by selective precipitation. While VLP precipitation is induced by step-wise or continuous precipitant addition, current monitoring approaches do not support the direct product quantification, and analytical methods usually require various, time-consuming processing and sample preparation steps. Here, the application of Raman spectroscopy combined with chemometric methods may allow the simultaneous quantification of the precipitated VLPs and precipitant owing to its demonstrated advantages in analyzing crude, complex mixtures. In this study, we present a Raman spectroscopy-based Process Analytical Technology (PAT) tool developed on batch and fed-batch precipitation experiments of Hepatitis B core Antigen VLPs. We conducted small-scale precipitation experiments providing a diversified data set with varying precipitation dynamics and backgrounds induced by initial dilution or spiking of clarified Escherichia coli-derived lysates. For the Raman spectroscopy data, various preprocessing operations were systematically combined allowing the identification of a preprocessing pipeline, which proved to effectively eliminate initial lysate composition variations as well as most interferences attributed to precipitates and the precipitant present in solution. The calibrated partial least squares models seamlessly predicted the precipitant concentration with R2 of 0.98 and 0.97 in batch and fed-batch experiments, respectively, and captured the observed precipitation trends with R2 of 0.74 and 0.64. Although the resolution of fine differences between experiments was limited due to the observed non-linear relationship between spectral data and the VLP concentration, this study provides a foundation for employing Raman spectroscopy as a PAT sensor for monitoring VLP precipitation processes with the potential to extend its applicability to other phase-behavior dependent processes or molecules.
Mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt): what we know thus far
Authors: Torres Angie K. , Fleischhart Veronika , Inestrosa Nibaldo C.
Published: May 2024

Mitochondria are key organelles for the optimal function of the cell. Among their many functions, they maintain protein homeostasis through their own proteostatic machinery, which involves proteases and chaperones that regulate protein import and folding inside mitochondria. In the early 2000s, the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) was first described in mammalian cells. This stress response is activated by the accumulation of unfolded/misfolded proteins within the mitochondrial matrix, which results in the transmission of a signal to the nucleus to increase the expression of proteases and chaperones to address the abnormal mitochondrial protein load. After its discovery, this retrograde signaling pathway has also been described in other organisms of different complexities, suggesting that it is a conserved stress response. Although there are some specific differences among organisms, the mechanism of this stress response is mostly similar and involves the transmission of a signal from mitochondria to the nucleus that induces chromatin remodeling to allow the binding of specific transcription factors to the promoters of chaperones and proteases. In the last decade, proteins and signaling pathways that could be involved in the regulation of the UPRmt, including the Wnt signaling pathway, have been described. This minireview aims to summarize what is known about the mechanism of the UPRmt and its regulation, specifically in mammals and C. elegans.
Repurposing development genes for axonal regeneration following injury: Examining the roles of Wnt signaling
Authors: Albano Gabrielle A. , Hackam Abigail S.
Published: May 2024

In this review, we explore the connections between developmental embryology and axonal regeneration. Genes that regulate embryogenesis and central nervous system (CNS) development are discussed for their therapeutic potential to induce axonal and cellular regeneration in adult tissues after neuronal injury. Despite substantial differences in the tissue environment in the developing CNS compared with the injured CNS, recent studies have identified multiple molecular pathways that promote axonal growth in both scenarios. We describe various molecular cues and signaling pathways involved in neural development, with an emphasis on the versatile Wnt signaling pathway. We discuss the capacity of developmental factors to initiate axonal regrowth in adult neural tissue within the challenging environment of the injured CNS. Our discussion explores the roles of Wnt signaling and also examines the potential of other embryonic genes including Pax, BMP, Ephrin, SOX, CNTF, PTEN, mTOR and STAT3 to contribute to axonal regeneration in various CNS injury model systems, including spinal cord and optic crush injuries in mice, Xenopus and zebrafish. Additionally, we describe potential contributions of Müller glia redifferentiation to neuronal regeneration after injury. Therefore, this review provides a comprehensive summary of the state of the field, and highlights promising research directions for the potential therapeutic applications of specific embryologic molecular pathways in axonal regeneration in adults.
MOBICAT: a model-driven engineering approach for automatic GUI code generation for Android applications
Authors: Zafar Haroon , Ur Rehman Khan Saif , Mashkoor Atif , Nisa Habib Un
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Mobile applications have become indispensable in our daily lives. However, mobile application development faces several challenges, including limited resources, budget, and time to market. The current state of the practice intends to develop the Graphical User Interface (GUI), business logic, and the controller class separately, which is a time-consuming and error-prone process. The generation of GUI is a significant concern in the development of mobile applications.

Methods

This work presents a model-driven engineering approach for automatic GUI code generation for Android applications, which intends to address the above-mentioned challenges in mobile app development. The proposed approach involves modeling domain-specific features of mobile applications and capturing requirements using UML diagrams that lead to automated GUI generation and controller class creation. We develop a Model-Based GUI Code Generator (MOBICAT) tool to provide automation support to the proposed approach.

Results

The efficacy of the MOBICAT tool is evaluated by comparing it with the baseline techniques using three open-source applications. The results indicate that the MOBICAT tool significantly outperforms the baseline techniques by attaining improved execution progress, effectively reducing development cost and effort.

Discussion

The MOBICAT tool, offers a promising solution to challenges in mobile app development. By automating GUI generation and controller class creation, it streamlines development processes and enhances productivity.
Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Xu Dandan , Xie Lin , Cheng Cheng , Xue Fei , Sun Chaonan
Published: May 2024

The global prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) continues to rise steadily, making it a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Atherosclerosis (AS) serves as a primary driver of these conditions, commencing silently at an early age and culminating in adverse cardiovascular events that severely impact patients’ quality of life or lead to fatality. Dyslipidemia, particularly elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), plays a pivotal role in AS pathogenesis as an independent risk factor. Research indicates that abnormal LDL-C accumulation within arterial walls acts as a crucial trigger for atherosclerotic plaque formation. As the disease progresses, plaque accumulation may rupture or dislodge, resulting in thrombus formation and complete blood supply obstruction, ultimately causing myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction, and other common adverse cardiovascular events. Despite adequate pharmacologic therapy targeting LDL-C reduction, patients with cardiometabolic abnormalities remain at high risk for disease recurrence, highlighting the importance of addressing lipid risk factors beyond LDL-C. Recent attention has focused on the causal relationship between triglycerides, triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs), and their remnants in AS risk. Genetic, epidemiologic, and clinical studies suggest a causal relationship between TRLs and their remnants and the increased risk of AS, and this dyslipidemia may be an independent risk factor for adverse cardiovascular events. Particularly in patients with obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease, disordered TRLs and its remnants levels significantly increase the risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease development. Accumulation of over-synthesized TRLs in plasma, impaired function of enzymes involved in TRLs lipolysis, and impaired hepatic clearance of cholesterol-rich TRLs remnants can lead to arterial deposition of TRLs and its remnants, promoting foam cell formation and arterial wall inflammation. Therefore, understanding the pathogenesis of TRLs-induced AS and targeting it therapeutically could slow or impede AS progression, thereby reducing cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality, particularly coronary atherosclerotic heart disease.
Molecular cloning, expression, and purification, along with in silico epitope analysis of recombinant enolase proteins (a potential vaccine candidate) from Candida albicans and Candida auris
Authors: Shukla Manisha , Singh Rohit , Chandley Pankaj , Rohatgi Soma
Published: May 2024

Candida albicans is the predominant cause of systemic candidiasis, although other non albicans Candida species are progressively becoming more widespread nowadays. Candida auris has emerged as a deadly multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen, posing a significant threat to global public health. In the absence of effective antifungal therapies, the development of a vaccine against C. auris infections is imperative. Enolase, a key glycolytic enzyme, has emerged as a promising vaccine candidate due to its immunogenic properties and essential role in fungal virulence. Herein, full-length Enolase gene sequences from C. albicans and C. auris were cloned into suitable expression vector and transformed into Escherichia coli expression hosts. Recombinant Enolase proteins were successfully expressed and purified using affinity chromatography under native conditions, followed by SDS-PAGE characterization and Western blot analysis. CD spectroscopy verified the existence of expressed proteins in soluble native conformation. Preliminary in silico studies verified the immunogenicity of recombinant Enolase proteins isolated from both C. albicans and C. auris. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis revealed conserved B-cell and T-cell epitopes across C. albicans and C. auris Enolase proteins, suggesting potential cross-reactivity and broad-spectrum vaccine efficacy. Our findings are anticipated to play a role in advancing therapeutic as well as diagnostic strategies against systemic candidiasis.
Pigs lacking TMPRSS2 displayed fewer lung lesions and reduced inflammatory response when infected with influenza A virus
Authors: Ciacci Zanella Giovana , Snyder Celeste A. , Arruda Bailey L. , Whitworth Kristin , Green Erin , Poonooru Ravikanth Reddy , Telugu Bhanu P. , Baker Amy L.
Published: May 2024

Influenza A virus (IAV) infection is initiated by hemagglutinin (HA), a glycoprotein exposed on the virion’s lipid envelope that undergoes cleavage by host cell proteases to ensure membrane fusion, entry into the host cells, and completion of the viral cycle. Transmembrane protease serine S1 member 2 (TMPRSS2) is a host transmembrane protease expressed throughout the porcine airway epithelium and is purported to play a major role in the HA cleavage process, thereby influencing viral pathogenicity and tissue tropism. Pigs are natural hosts of IAV and IAV disease causes substantial economic impact on the pork industry worldwide. Previous studies in mice demonstrated that knocking out expression of TMPRSS2 gene was safe and inhibited the spread of IAV after experimental challenge. Therefore, we hypothesized that knockout of TMPRSS2 will prevent IAV infectivity in the swine model. We investigated this hypothesis by comparing pathogenesis of an H1N1pdm09 virus challenge in wildtype (WT) control and in TMPRSS2 knockout (TMPRSS2−/−) pigs. We demonstrated that TMPRSS2 was expressed in the respiratory tract in WT pigs with and without IAV infection. No differences in nasal viral shedding and lung lavage viral titers were observed between WT and TMPRSS2−/− pigs. However, the TMPRSS2−/− pig group had significantly less lung lesions and significant reductions in antiviral and proinflammatory cytokines in the lung. The virus titer results in our direct challenge model contradict prior studies in the murine animal model, but the reduced lung lesions and cytokine profile suggest a possible role for TMPRSS2 in the proinflammatory antiviral response. Further research is warranted to investigate the role of TMPRSS2 in swine IAV infection and disease.
The effectiveness of booster vaccination of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines against susceptibility, infectiousness, and transmission of omicron BA.2 variant: a retrospective cohort study in Shenzhen, China
Authors: Liao Yuxue , Su Jiao , Zhao Jieru , Qin Zhen , Zhang Zhuo’Ao , Gao Wei , Wan Jia , Liao Yi , Zou Xuan , He Xiaofeng
Published: May 2024

Little studies evaluated the effectiveness of booster vaccination of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines against being infected (susceptibility), infecting others (infectiousness), and spreading the disease from one to another (transmission). Therefore, we conducted a retrospective cohort study to evaluate the effectiveness of booster vaccination of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines against susceptibility, infectiousness, and transmission in Shenzhen during an Omicron BA.2 outbreak period from 1 February to 21 April 2022. The eligible individuals were classified as four sub-cohorts according to the inactivated COVID-19 vaccination status of both the close contacts and their index cases: group 2-2, fully vaccinated close contacts seeded by fully vaccinated index cases (reference group); group 2-3, booster-vaccinated close contacts seeded by fully vaccinated index cases; group 3-2, fully vaccinated close contacts seeded by booster-vaccinated index cases; and group 3-3, booster-vaccinated close contacts seeded by booster-vaccinated index cases. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were applied to estimate the effectiveness of booster vaccination. The sample sizes of groups 2-2, 2-3, 3-2, and 3-3 were 846, 1,115, 1,210, and 2,417, respectively. We found that booster vaccination had an effectiveness against infectiousness of 44.9% (95% CI: 19.7%, 62.2%) for the adults ≥ 18 years, 62.2% (95% CI: 32.0%, 78.9%) for the female close contacts, and 60.8% (95% CI: 38.5%, 75.1%) for the non-household close contacts. Moreover, booster vaccination had an effectiveness against transmission of 29.0% (95% CI: 3.2%, 47.9%) for the adults ≥ 18 years, 38.9% (95% CI: 3.3%, 61.3%) for the female close contacts, and 45.8% (95% CI: 22.1%, 62.3%) for the non-household close contacts. However, booster vaccination against susceptibility did not provide any protective effect. In summary, this study confirm that booster vaccination of the inactivated COVID-19 vaccines provides low level of protection and moderate level of protection against Omicron BA.2 transmission and infectiousness, respectively. However, booster vaccination does not provide any protection against Omicron BA.2 susceptibility.
Preservation of fish male germplasm in Poland
Authors: Judycka Sylwia , Dietrich Mariola A. , Nynca Joanna , Ciereszko Andrzej
Published: May 2024

The natural resources of a country, including ichthyofauna, constitute a vital aspect of its national heritage. Fish populations are threatened with loss of biodiversity as a result of human activity (anthropopressure), resulting in water pollution, habitat destruction and overfishing. Additionally, the escalating threat is exacerbated by climate change, primarily manifested in periodic reservoir and watercourse desiccation. Genetic variability of captive is also threated as fish raised in hatcheries are susceptible to bacterial and viral diseases. Therefore, methodologies for fish sperm cryopreservation aimed at safeguarding the gene pool of both natural and captive fish populations assume paramount importance for their conservation and mitigation of irreversible losses, particularly crucial in light of increasing ecological disasters. This paper offers an overview of cryopreservation research in Poland, tracing back to early initiatives in the 1970s concerning carp (Cyprinus carpio) semen and culminating in recent advancements, where standardized cryopreservation methodologies were developed. We delve into the freezing results of semen of various fish species, encompassing both wild specimens like whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) and lake minnows (Eupallasella percnurus), and farmed species such as sturgeons, carp, and numerous salmonid species. Additionally, we delineate projects that support such endeavors. Recent milestones in the establishment of fish sperm cryobanks in Poland catering to both wild and farmed species, including carp and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) – the most economically significant fish in Poland were presented. We also expound on the implementation of cryopreserved semen from sex-reversed rainbow trout in hatchery practices. Furthermore, we discuss significant challenges pertaining to sperm banking, particularly concerning funding and the practical utilization of cryostored semen samples for egg fertilization under hatchery conditions.
Genetic link between depression and musculoskeletal disorders: insights from Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Wang Yanpeng , Zhang Yinzhen , Zhao Changwei , Yang Hao , Ai Chenglong , Zhao Wenhai , Xu Ji
Published: May 2024

Background

The association between depression and musculoskeletal diseases has long been a subject of contentious debate. However, the causal relationship between the two remains uncertain. This study employs a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the causality between depression and six musculoskeletal diseases.

Methods

In this study, we performed MR analysis to systematically explore the causal relationship between depression and six musculoskeletal disorders. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are linked to depression were employed as instrumental variables. To ensure robust and reliable conclusions, multiple analytical approaches were utilized, including inverse variance weighting(IVW), weighted median, and MR-Egger regression. Additionally, sensitivity analysis methods such as the MR-Egger intercept test, Cochran’s Q test, leave-one-out analysis, and funnel plot were employed.

Results

Our MR analysis revealed a significant association between depression and cervical spondylosis (depression: OR 1.003, 95% CI 1.002–1.005, P = 8.32E-05; major depressive disorder: OR 1.003, 95% CI 1.001–1.005, P = 0.0052). Furthermore, a strong correlation was noted between major depressive disorder (MDD) and knee osteoarthritis (KOA) (OR 1.299, 95% CI 1.154–1.463, P = 1.50E−5). Sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of these findings. Our independent validation study also corroborated these results.

Conclusion

The MR analysis conducted in this study provides evidence supporting a genetic link between depression and cervical spondylosis, as well as KOA. Targeted interventions to manage depression in susceptible populations may contribute to lowering the risk of cervical spondylosis and KOA in these cohorts.
A tumor-like renal arteriovenous malformation on 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT: a case report
Authors: Feng Yaqi , Zhao Wenjiang , Feng Yawen , Dai Wenli
Published: May 2024

Background

Renal arteriovenous malformations (rAVMs) are congenital abnormal pathways between renal arteries and veins that are rare in the general population. It is often misdiagnosed as malignant renal tumors with abundant blood supply, and the definitive diagnosis primarily relies on angiography. Multimodality imaging, including contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET)/CT plays an important role in the differential diagnosis of renal space-occupying lesions.

Case presentation

A 56-year-old man presented with abdominal distension, loss of appetite, and back pain without obvious cause 2 years ago, without nausea vomiting, or frequent urination. Gastroscopy and colonoscopy showed multiple polyps in the duodenum and colon. Abdomen contrast-enhanced CT revealed a mass of 1.6 × 1.4 cm in the left kidney, which was considered to be a malignant tumor. PET/CT was performed for further diagnosis; the 18F-fluorodesoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET/CT scan showed mild uptake in the left renal mass, while no uptake of 18F- prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) was observed. Following a multidisciplinary discussion, the possibility of renal AVMs was considered and subsequently confirmed by renal angiography as the diagnosis. Then, selective segmental renal artery embolization was performed for treatment.

Conclusion

Renal AVMs are extremely rare in clinical practice. Due to limited research on the application of 18F-FDG and 18F-PSMA PET/CT to renal AVMs, its role remains largely unexplored. With the increasing popularity of PET/CT imaging, comprehensive imaging of the disease has become indispensable. We report the first case of PSMA PET/CT imaging in renal AVMs, and when PSMA expression is absent in a renal mass, the possibility of renal AVMs should be considered.