bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Difference between post curing composite hardness with heating using dry sterilizer and radiation using light box
Authors: Widyasari Ratih , Fadil Mochammad Richata , Sukartini Endang
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Composite resin has been used as a restoration material for quite a long time. Two different methods were expected to show result of which method that would be the most promising. Aim of study is to analyzed differences the hardness of one composite resin subjected to two post curing treatments. Methods: This study was a true experimental research (in vitro). The subjects were 30 specimens of the hybrid light cured resin composites made in a mold (6 mm diameter and 4 mm high). The hardness of all specimens were tested using Rebound Hardness Tester. Data were compared using ANOVA and post hoc analysis (for pairwise independent groups) using t-tests. Results: This study showed that post curing treatment by heat (for 10 min at 110 oC ) showed higher hardness (p<0.005). Conclusion: There was difference of hardness between two methods of post curing. Moreover, post curing with dry heat sterilizer at 110oC for 10 min was found to be the most promising post curing method.
The difference in the ratio of the maxillary anterior teeth mesiodistal to the golden proportion value after class I malocclusion treatment with Edgewise standard fixed appliance
Authors: Suherman Agutina , Mardiati Endah , Hambali Tono , Thahar Bergman
Published: May 2020

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in the ratio of maxillary anterior teeth as the results of Edgewise Standard fixed orthodontic treatment with and without extraction with golden proportion values. Methods: This study is using a retrospective analitist descriptive method. Sample divided at two groups of 13 patients with extraction of first premolar and 19 patients without first premolar extraction. The study population was patients who had completed the Edgewise Standard fixed orthodontic treatment at the Orthodontics Specialist Professional Program of the Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Padjadjaran at 2000-2009. The study was conducted using frontal intraoral photometry before and af-ter treatment with 3R photo size, then measured with electronic digital calliper software. Results: Evaluation is done by measuring the maxillary anterior teeth ratio using phimatrix software on frontal intra oral photometry of the post standard edgewise orthodontics patients with Class I malocclusion to the golden proportion, then proceed with statistical t-test. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study shows that the maxillary anterior teeth post standard edgewise orthodontic treatment in class I dento-skeletal patients with or without the first premolar extraction whose treated in orthodontic resident’s clinic Padjadjaran University shows a significant differences with the golden proportion.
Differences in knowledge of oral health before and after counseling between lecture and role play method
Authors: Sari Rini Yufita , Chemiawan Eka , Sudarsana Nandang
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Oral health education is one way to increase understanding in maintaining oral health. This will be effective if started at an early age. The purpose of this study is to analyzed differences in knowledge before and after counseling between lectures and play methods. Methods: Quasi experimental methods are used in this study. Samples were selected through purposive sampling, 27 sixth grade students and 12 elementary school students from Cikawao village were taken as sample. Questionnaires before and after counseling are used to address the differences in the knowledge of each student. Group 1 was given counseling on oral health through the lecture method while group 2 through the play method. Results: The study found that the increase in the mean score of the play method (6.53) was higher than the lecture method (4.75). The difference in knowledge after counseling between the lecture and play methods was significant among elementary school students. Conclusion: There are differences in oral health knowledge before and after counseling between the lecture method and the play method. The knowledge obtain after counseling with play methods is better when compared to lecture method.
The cleaning effect of sugar-free chewing gum on occlusal surfaces
Authors: Sindhu Harpreet Kaur , Hartono Sri Wendari , Sukartini Endang
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Sugar-free chewing gum has the potential to provide oral health benefits including plaque control. This study benefit to develop and validate an occlusal site-specific plaque index. The index will be used to check the results of chewing sugar-free chewing gum. The purpose of this study is to analized the cleaning effect of sugar-free chewing gum on occlusal surfaces. Methods: The research is a split mouth design, single blind, cross over study. The research consists of 30 volunteers chosen by random sampling. Volunteers divided into two groups, each consisting of 15 volunteer’s. Group A, volunteers were asked to chewing gum on the left side regimen whereas volunteers in group B were asked to chew on the right side regimen for 5 minute period. After a minimum of 4 days washout period, the study was repeated with the volunteers’ crossing over to the alternative chewing right or chewing left regimen. Results:  The mean difference 0.224.Paired sample t-test was used to determine whether there are significant differences before and after chewing gum. With level of significance α=5 % the t-values for both groups are both 0.00.There are differences before and after chewing gum in group A and B. Conclusion: Sugar-free chewing gum have cleaning effect of on occlusal surfaces, sugar-free chewing gum decreases the plaque accumulation on occlusal surfaces.
Willingness of students of professional education program​​ to join non permanent employee (PTT)
Authors: Diana Jenny , Setiawan Asty Samiaty , Yubiliana Gilang
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Placement policy of doctors and midwives with PTT system has been implemented since 1992 to address the distribution of doctors and dentists who have not been evenly distributed in Indonesia, but until now its spread is still far from expected. The ratio of doctors in Puskesmas for the region in western Indonesia is much higher than eastern Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to determine the willingness of dental professional education program student of Faculty of Dentistry in Padjadjaran University to be non permanentemployee (PTT). Methodes: This study was a descriptive study done by survey technique. The data obtained by questionnaires. Results: Dental students of professional education programs who were willing to be a non permanent employee (PTT) was 82% and those who were not willing was 18%. Conclusion: The dental students of professional education programs mostly willing to be a non permanent employee.
The prevalence of lateral incisors microdontia in students with Down syndrome
Authors: Mohammad Aziz Nadia , Hartanto Rudy , Soewondo Williyanti
Published: May 2020

Introduction: The term microdontia is used when the teeth are smaller than normal. It is recognized clinically as teeth having a usual crown shape or sometimes with tapering (peg or conical) crown in lateral incisors. Microdontia is usually manifested in systemic diseases and syndromes especially Down syndrome. The cause of microdontia is unknown but it could be multifactorial. The purpose of this research was to determine the prevalence of microdontia in patients with Down syndrome. Methods: Type of research is descriptive survey. The sampling method is purposive sampling. A study was conducted in 38 Down syndrome patients, aged between 7-29 years of age, consisted of 19 males and 19 females. The teeth were examined visually. Result: a total of 23 students had microdontia of lateral incisors of either the upper or lower jaw which indicated a prevalence of 60.53%. 10 students had microdontia of lateral incisors involving the upper and lower jaw which gives out a prevalence of 26.31%. Overall, the total prevalence of microdontia in the students with Down syndrome was 86.84%. Conclusion: Prevalence of microdontia in lateral incisors among patients with Down syndrome in Kota Bandung is high. There is no statistically significant difference in microdontia prevalence between female and male Down syndrome students.
Alveolar bone trabeculae in patients with aggressive patients with aggressive periodontitis using cone beam computed tomography imaging
Authors: Shaliha Shaliha , Firman Ria Noerianingsih , Rusyanti Yanti
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Periodontitis is an inflamatory process in supporting tissues of the teeth including the gingiva, cementum, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. Perioditis ntitis begins with migration of junctional ephithelium toward the apical side and form a pocket on gingiva. Aggressive periodontitis is one of the classifications of periodontitis with characteristics of attacking teens to young adults in relatively fast can lead to severe alveolar bone loss and it is not comparable with local factors that there. Trabeculae are part of the alveolar bone covered by compact bone and cortical bone harder . On radiographs, trabeculae only seen as a radiolucent surrounded by a radiopaque. The purpose of this research was to know the description of alveolar trabecular bone in patients with aggressive periodontitis using Cone Beam Computed Tomography imaging. Methods: This study is descriptive on 72 samples of aggressive periodontitis alveolar travecular bon e by CBCT imaging, taken from 6 archival aggressive periodontitis patients as research subjects, obtained from secondary data in the Radiology Department of RSGM FKG UNPAD. Results: The results of this study from the 3D CBCT imaging of alveolar trabecular bone leading to further describe the more posterior a decline in trabecular bone density and decrease in patients with aggressive periodontitis. Conclusion: The 3D CBCT imaging of alveolar trabecular bone leading to further describe the more posterior a decline in trabecular bone density and decrease in patients with aggressive periodontitis.
The level of satisfaction among orthodontic removable appliances patients
Authors: Kamaludin Latifi Fatin Nadhirah , Evangelina Ida Ayu , Susilawati Sri
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Patient satisfaction is like many other psychological concepts, it is easy to understand but hard to define. The concept of satisfaction overlaps with similar themes such as happiness, contentment, and quality of life. Satisfaction is not some pre-existing phenomenon waiting to be measured, but a judgment that people form over time as they reflect on their experience. A simple and practical definition of satisfaction would be the degree to which desired goals have been achieved. Methods: The type of this research is descriptive with survey methode. Data is collected through questionnaire with the total sample of 150 respondents. The study population was based on accidental sampling, by which the sample was selected depending on who came to Orthodontic Department of RSGM FKG UNPAD, Bandung by the researcher during the period of the research. Results: The data is then analyzed using Community Satisfaction Index (Indeks Kepuasan Masyarakat) or IKM that which shows that 13 out of 14 indicators are still in B grade and overall IKM value of 7.90%, which means that the level of satisfaction has yet not met the expectation among removable appliances patients in Orthodontic Department of RSGM FKG UNPAD, Bandung. Conclusion: The level of satisfaction among removable appliances patients 0rthodontic are still have not met the patients’ expectation.
The relation between enamel defects in deciduous teeth, nutritional status and the development of basic skills in children with small for gestational age
Authors: Miguna Katina , Soewondo Williyanti , Oewen Roosje Rosita , Fadiyana Eddy
Published: May 2020

Introduction:  Small for Gestational Age (SGA)  babies  are those whose birth weight are less than 2 SD or below the 10th percentile curve of Lubchenco intrauterine growth and development. The cause of SGA is due to an Intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR).  IUGR inhibits the development of various organs, including the enamel of deciduous teeth and the central nervous system (CNS). The research aims to analyzed correlation between enamel defects in deciduous teeth, nutritional status and the development of basic skills in children with SGA. Methods: A total of 28  SGA children aged between 3-6 years were obtained from Hasan Sadikin Hospital. The sample comprised of 20 boys and 8 girls to be studied for tooth enamel defects in deciduous teeth, weight, height and development basic capabilities. Study design was descriptive and analytical, with cross-sectional study. Scoring modification Developmental Defect of Enamel (DDE) of the FDI was used to assess the enamel defects in deciduous teeth. Enamel Defect Score (EDS) was calculated according to the Willyanti’s formula. The nutritional status was measured by measuring height, weight, and age and converted to the diagram of  Body Mass Index (BMI) / Age of the WHO Child Growth Standards. While the development of SGA children basic skills was measured using pre- screening questionnaire development (KPSP). To determine the linkage between enamel defects  in deciduous teeth and nutritional status with basic skills development in SGA children, the non-parametric statistical analysis of Kendall’s Coefficient of Concordance was performed. Results: Statistical test results showed that Kendall’s Coefficient of Concordance (W) = 1.00 is statistically significant with Chi-square value = 56.00 with p (value) <0.01. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between EDS and nutritional status with the SGA children development of basic skills as well as the development of the child’s ability.
Prevalence of impacted mandibular third molars among patients attending the dentomaxillofacial radiology clinic
Authors: Munjit Singh Sanjit Singh , Sitam Suhardjo , Sam Belly
Published: May 2020

Introduction: The third molar is undoubtedly the most variable tooth in the human dentition, and also the most common tooth to become impacted due to it being the last tooth to erupt into the dental arch The aim of research is to obtain the prevalence of the mandibular third molar (M3) impaction among the patients attending the Radiology Clinic. Methods: The type of research conducted was a descriptive research. The sampling was purposive, drawn from a population of 1451 digital panoramic radiographs taken from January – December in the year 2010, of which 392 samples were included in the survey, with patient ages ranging between 18 – 59 years at time of exposure. The position of the M3’s was assessed using the Pell and Gregory and, Winter’s impaction classification. Results: The prevalence of impacted mandibular M3’s in this study is 76.8% overall. Of the impacted mandibular M3’s present, 76.1% were bilateral impactions and of these bilateral impactions 50.7% are similar in impaction classification. Of the mandibular M3’s examined, 40.1% are in a vertical angulation, 33.3% mesioangular, 23.5% horizontal and 3.1% distoangular. The three most common types of impaction according to the Pell and Gregory classification are IIB at 38.5%, IA at 36.8% and IIA at 18.8%. Conclusion: Prevalence of  mandibular third molar of the patients attending the Radiology Clinic is 76.8%.
Successful test dry heat oven sterilizer on dental instruments sterilization in X Hospital
Authors: Amir Arrahmi , Dewi Warta , Wardani Riana
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Instruments used for dental examinations and treatment often come into contact with fluids and soft tissues found in the oral cavity. The contact while the dental treatment procedures can cause contaminated and potentially mediates the displacement of microorganisms from the mouth of the patient to the operator or to other patients. Sterilization is the most effective process for the decontamination of reusable equipment. The objective of this study was testing the success of dry heat oven sterilizer to dental instruments sterilization in X Hospital. Methods: This study used descriptive method. Data was obtained by bacteriological examination, with a random sampling technique and obtained a sample of five instruments. Results: The results show there is a growing colony of bacteria in each sample after examination materials were incubated at 37 ºC for 18-24 hours. Conclusion: The conclusions of this study are dry heat oven sterilizer not belong to the success criteria for dental instrument sterilization process in X Hospital.
The different amount of composite and amalgam restoration in posterior teeth of patient
Authors: Primadisya Fitri Dwi , Andang Milly Armilia
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Dental caries is a problem that usually happens in the society. One of the treatments for dental caries is restoration. Dental restoration material which one usually used are compsite and amalgam. The aim of this research is to acknowledge the different amount between the usage of composite and amalgam restoration in posterior teeth of patient in RSKGM Bandung. Methods: Type of research was descriptive. Sample were taken from patients data who had dental treatment of composite and amalgam restoration in posterior teeth in RSKGM Bandung on 1st July – 31st December 2011. Differences result of two restoration inthis research analyzed with test-t analysis.Results: Total amount of posterior teeth restorated was 1485 teeth, which 1445 teeth were restored using composite and 40 teeth were restored using amalgam. It showed that the usage of composite restoration was more than amalgam restoration.Conclusion: there is a significant difference between the number of composite restorations and amalgam on the posterior tooth. The average number of composite restorations is greater than amalgam restoration.
The prevalence of nursing mouth caries of preschool children
Authors: Dianegianty Rine , Sasmita Inne Suherna , Setiawan Arlette Suzy Puspa Pertiwi
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Mouth Nursing caries is a particular form of dental caries in children and infants. Mouth Nursing Caries occurs in children aged of 2-4 years old and attack the primary maxillary anterior teeth, maxillary and mandibular first primary molar and primary canine mandibular. Nursing caries Mouth happens because of the habit of falling asleep while sucking a bottle containing sweet liquids (baby formula) in a prolonged period. This research aimed to determine the number and the prevalence of preschool children suffering from nursing mouth caries at Cimahi. Methods: The research method was descriptive with survey technique. Samples selected by cluster random sampling technique consisted of 13 kindergartens with 315 preschool children as the total sample. Results: The result shows that 234 or 74 preschool children. 3% have nursing mouth caries and the rest of 81 preschool children or 27.5% do not have nursing mouth caries. Conclusion: This research concludes that the prevalence of Nursing Mouth caries in preschool children at Cimahi in 2012 is74.3% or ¾ of the number of samples Examined.
Relationship between filter cigarettes smoking habits with the appearance of smoker’s melanosis (Observation of smoking duration and the amount of cigarettes consumption)
Authors: Akbar Rizal Rizky , Widyaputra Sunardhi , Kintawati Silvi
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Smoking is one of bad habits that are difficult to abandon. Cigarettes contain more than 59 known carcinogenic substances. Cigarettes also contain some metal components and free radicals. Cigarettes consist of several types, one of which is cigarettes filter, which is the most frequently consumed cigarettes. One of the adverse effects of cigarette smoker’s melanosis is a pigmentation disorder that appears in oral cavity. The study aims to look at the relationship between smoking habits of filter’s smoker with appearance of smoker’s melanosis. Methods: This was a descriptive analytic with chi-square test to analyze the relationship between smoking in filter smokers with appearance of smoker’s melanosis. The samples were 90 students of the Faculty of Geology University of Padjadjaran. The smokers who have the criteria of the sample are examined to see the oral condition whether there is a melanosis lesion or not. Results: The result showed an association between smoking habit in filter smokers with the onset of smokers melanosis that observe through the duration of smoking and the amount of cigarettes consumption. Conclusion: There is a relationship between smoking habits in filter smokers and the onset of smoker’s melanosis in terms of smoking duration and the number of cigarettes consumed.
Patient’s opinion about tangible aspect of Universitas Padjadjaran Dental Hospital
Authors: Perkasa Endrou Daulat , Susilawati Sri , Gumuruh Grace Virginia
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Every hospital seeks to provide the best service quality in order to fulfill patient’s expectations. One of the service quality dimensions’ indicator of consumer satisfaction is tangible aspect. Tangible describes the availability of facilities and physical performance that can be directly perceived by consumers, readily defined as representation the patient’s satisfaction level of hospital service quality. The purpose of this study was to determine the patient’s opinion about tangible aspect in RSGM UNPAD. Methods: The study was conducted using a descriptive research survey method. sampling method using purposive technique sampling. Data obtained from a survey conducted by researcher from patients who had received treatment at RSGM UNPAD. A questionnaire was used as validation instrument. Results: The service elements of the appearance in non-medical employees which have an mean value of 3.036.Tangible aspect of RSGM UNPAD has total mean value of 2,684. This result include the employees’s performance, location of RSGM and some facilities available in RSGM. The results of the study in table 3 show the service elements of UNPAD RSGM facilities have an mean value of 1,985. mean value of dimension of the physical appearance dimensions of RSGM UNPAD of 2.684. Conclusion: RSGM UNPAD have good mean value in tangible aspects according to patient’s opinion.
Oral habit frequency of 7-15 years old homeless children
Authors: Damayanti Nur Widya , Musnamirwan Iwan Ahmad , Indriyanti Ratna
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Oral habit is a bad habit that causes dental changes if habit are continued for long periods of time. Oral habit included digit sucking, lip sucking or biting, nail biting, mouth breathing. The purpose of study is to know the condition of oral habits in 7-15 years old homeless children undercare of Rumah Perlindungan Anak GANK (Generasi Anti Narkotika & Kriminalitas). Methods: This study was a descriptive research by survey technique. The sample consisted of 46 children collected by total sampling. Data pertaining to the study was collected through interviews in form questionnaire and clinical examinations.Result: The result shows that 71,74% have oral habits, consisting of 18 boys (54,54 %) and 15 girls  (45,45 %), out of which 26,09% homeless children have lip sucking or biting, 21,74 % have nail biting, 17,39 % have mouth breathing and 6,52 % have thumb sucking habit. Conclusion: Oral habit frequencyvwere most performed in homeless children was lip sucking or biting.
Analysis of the linear dimensions of the high stability alginate cast models with casting delays
Authors: Yusuf Muhammad Erlangga Maulana , Karlina Elin , Hasratiningsih Zulia
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Dimensional stability of alginate impression is important to obtain an accurate cast. This study was to find the linear dimensional changes of the cast made from delayed pour high stability alginate impression after 5 days. Methods: This experimental laboratory study used 20 samples, divided into 4 groups. First and third group were the generated cast produced by immediately pour into high stability and conventional alginate impressions. Second and fourth group were the generated cast produced by delayed pour into high stability and conventional alginate impression for 5 days in storage with 100% humidity. Dimensional changes were measured on the upper part of the cast from buccal-lingual and mesial-distal direction beside measuring on the outer distance between the upper cast used Mitutoyo digital caliper scaled 0.01 mm. The data were analyzed using ANOVA (α = 0.05).Results: Mesial-distal (a) diameter average of group I, II, IV were respectively 8.410 mm, 8.520 mm, and 8.620 mm, compared with III as control was 8.420 mm. Meanwhile, diameter averages of mesial-distal (b) were 8.314 mm, 8.416 mm, 8.513 mm, and 8.315 mm. The averages of distance between each teeth (c) were 13.312 mm, 13.240 mm 13.191 mm, and 13.316 mm. The diameter averages of buccal-lingual (d) were 8.411 mm, 8.530 mm, 8.608 mm and 8.410 mm. The diameter averages of buccal-lingual (e) were 8.350 mm, 8.441 mm, 8.524 mm, and 8.340 mm. ANOVA test of the results of distance measurements between teeth (c) produces a calculated F value of 147.850, higher than the F table value (3.239). There were significant diferencess dimensional changes on gypsum cast made from high stability alginate impression and then poured after 5 days. Conclusion: There were diferencess linier dimensional changes on gypsum cast made from high stability alginate impression and then poured after 5 days.
Evaluation of the post-labioplasty result according to the comprehensive assessment performed by Indonesian Cleft Center team
Authors: Zainul Abidin Siti Nur Nabihah , Astuti Ida Ayu , Arumsari Asri
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Labioplasty is a surgical approach to reconstructs and repairs the cleft lip defect. The main purpose of this study is to observe the performance result of labioplasty through out the period of January till December 2007 according to the comprehensive assessment performed by Indonesian Cleft Center Team. Other purpose is to determine the least and the most complicated structure to be reconstructed in labioplasty. Apart from that, types of secondary reconstructive surgery, how many patients require and implement this secondary surgery are determined in this study. Methods: The method used for this study was descriptive retrospective which in the sample are post-labioplasty patients that came for assessment. With astounding years of experience, Indonesian Cleft Center Team is expected able to handle every case judiciously regarding its clinical severity. Results: Result shows that the performance result of labioplasty does not necessarily coincided with the severity of the cases. The most complicated structure to be reconstructed in labioplasty is Cupid’s bow whilst the least complicated are the thickness of vermilion and avoidance to create cicatrix. Conclusion: Type of secondary reconstructive indicated for the patient to repair the remaining deformities are secondary lip repair, rhinoplasty, fistula closure and bone graft. The amount of patient that is indicated for it is in total 25 patients and only 1 patient implemented the surgery.
Molar teeth impaction on panoramic radiography
Authors: Fudhla Fitri Hanifah , Sudjana Nuskah , Riawan Lucky
Published: May 2020

Introduction: The third molar are the most frequently impacted tooth. Characteristic of impacted third molar in every person may be different. Third molar are the last erupted tooth in dental arch and grow during the final period of growth, therefore third molar have the most potential for problems. The aim of this research are to know and to give description about third molar impaction based on the jaw location, classification, and complaint. Methods: This research was a retrospective observasional descriptive research. Population of this study are students of Dentistry Faculty of Padjadjaran University from class 2008.The sampling was incidentale. A total of 45 panoramic radiograph and the complaint questionaires based on pathological condition that associated with third molar impacted were observed. Classifications that used in this research were Pell and Gregory for the mandible, and Archer and Kruger for the maxilla. Results: This research shows that 62,8% of third molar are impacted. Based on jaw location, the third molar impaction most frequently occurs in the mandible (66,35%) and region 4 (33,65%). In the mandible, 81,58% are bilateral, 42,03% are mesioangular, 55,07% are IIB Pell and Gregory classification. In the maxilla, 60% are C position Archer and Kruger classification, 65,71% are sinus approximation, and 40% are mesioangular similar with distoangular. The most frequent complaint from pathological condition that associated with third molar impacted is local pain at third molar area (75,6%). Conclusion: Third molar impaction most frequently occur in the mandible with mesioangular and IIB Pell and Gregory classification as the most frequently classification. The most frequent complaint from pathological condition that associated with third molar impacted is local pain at third molar area.
Chemical composition of Citrus spp. and oral antimicrobial effect of Citrus spp. peels essential oils against Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Aripin Dudi , Julaeha Euis , Dardjan Murnisari , Cahyanto Arief
Published: May 2020

Introduction: The essential oils of orange peels had a considerable potential to be used as an antimicrobial agent. The aim of this present study is to analized chemical composition of Citrus spp. And the oral antimicrobial effect of Citrus spp. peels essential oils against Streptococcus mutans. Methods: Five orange peels species were used in this study consist of Lime (Citrus aurantifolia), Tangerine (Citrus nobilis), Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis), Lemon (Citrus limon), and Kaffir Lime (Citrus hystrix). The isolated essential oils were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). The Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 was employed against the antimicrobial effect of samples. Results: The extraction yields of hydrodistilled-essential oils from Tangerine, Kaffir Lime, Sweet Orange, Lemon, and Lime provided the extraction yields of 4.20, 2.26, 1.97, 1.74 and 0.83% yields, respectively. Major component essential oils of Citrus spp. was D-Limonene. The highest antimicrobial activity against S. mutans was Lime peel essential oil, followed by Lemon, Kaffir Lime, and Sweet Orange or Tangerine. All samples showed antimicrobial activity against S. mutans with the variation of antimicrobial action depending on the constituent of D-Limonene, β-Pinene, and α-terpineol. Conclusion: Major component chemical composition of essential oils of Citrus spp. was D-Limonene and antimicrobial activity by Lime peel essential oil due to its proportional amount of D-limonene and β-pinene and the highest antimicrobial activity.
The effects of soft drinks on the released of calcium from the enamel surface
Authors: Miranti Diandra Audyla , Sukartini Endang , Andang Milly Armilia
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Calcium release from the enamel surface is known as enamel demineralisation. Enamel demineralisation is a chemical process of mineral loss from the email structure. One of the factors that cause demineralisation is the presence of acids derived from food or beverages consumed. This study was aimed to determine the effects of soft drinks and the amount of calcium release from the enamel surface. Methods: This study was an in-vitro experimental. The population was extracted maxillary premolars from orthodontics clinics in health centres, hospitals, and private clinics throughout Bandung and Jakarta. As many as 20 crown of maxillary premolars divided into two groups. Dissolved calcium was measured using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Data obtained was tested using an independent t-test. Results: The results showed that the amount of calcium released after exposure of soft drink was higher than soda water. The average amount of calcium released after soft drink exposure was 4122 ppm and soda water was 3492 ppm. Conclusion: Soft drink affects the calcium release from the enamel surface.
Successful percentage of action in mandibular block injection training using Fischer’s technique
Authors: Uthophia Natrisa , Gunawan Kirana Lina , Yuza Abel Tasman
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Injecting a local anaesthetic amongst students is part of the dentistry education in many countries. Mandibular block injection technique used in the Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Padjadjaran is Fischer’s technique. The purpose of this study was to determine the success rate based on the average onset and duration of action in mandibular block injection training using Fischer’s technique conducted by the 8th-semester students of the Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Padjadjaran batch 2008. Methods: The method of this study was a descriptive survey—sampling method used was the purposive sampling technique. Data was obtained through the questionnaires distributed to 100 students who practice injection using Fischer’s technique. Anaesthetics used on these injection training was 2% lidocaine HCl with epinephrine 1:80,000. Results: The success rate of mandibular block injection using Fischer’s technique was 88% (88 from 100 injections), with an average onset of action was 2.33 minutes and the average duration of action was 194.07 minutes. Conclusion: The percentage of success in injection training with Fischer’s technique was high, with appropriate average onset and duration of action by the existing standards.
Distribution of patients with fixed orthodontic treatment based on age, gender, education level, and occupation
Authors: Maysa Dara , Malik Isnaniah , Zenab Yuliawati
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Fixed orthodontic is one of the option to correct malocclusions. Factors of age, gender, educational background and occupation of an individual can affect the understanding and concern regarding oral health. It also deter-mines a person’s attitude in choosing the right treatment. This study was aimed to determine the distribution of patient with fixed orthodontic treatment based on age, gender, education level, and occupation in Universitas Padjadjaran Dental Hospital. Methods: This study was conducted with a descriptive method by collecting all the data of the patient with fixed orthodontic treatment from the medical record in Universitas Padjadjaran Dental Hospital during the 2009-2011 period. Results: The results showed that fixed orthodontic treatment was majority used by 71.65% adults, 79.53% females, 50.39% patients in the level of education of high school, and 53.54% by the university student. Conclusion: Fixed orthodontic treatment is used more by adults, females, high school graduated, and patient with occupation as a university student.
Effect of acidulated phosphate fluoride application on microhardness of glass ionomer cement
Authors: Izzudin Mohammad Azrul , Karlina Elin , Indriyanti Ratna
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gels are commonly used as preventive caries materials in paediatric dentistry while glass ionomer cements (GICs) are widely used as a restorative material. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of acidulated phosphate fluoride application towards the microhardness of GIC. Methods: This study was an experimental laboratory study where ten specimens were prepared from high viscosity GIC, which was Fuji IX. Specimens were stored in 50 ml distilled water at first 24 hours at 37°C, and then specimens were divided into fluoride group which was immersed in 25 ml of 1.23 % APF gel and control group which was stored 25 ml distilled water for 24 hours at 37°C. The Micromet II Microhardness Tester, Buehler, IL, USA that was standardised for Vickers hardness test was used to test the specimens at 100-gram load. Data were analysed using the t-test comparison test. Results: The level of microhardness of the fluoride group (14.34) was much lower compared to the control group (43.21) with a highly significant difference (p<0.01). Conclusion: The application of 1.23% APF gel on high viscosity GIC reduces the microhardness level compared to the control group.
The changes of fibroblast and periodontal ligament characteristics in orthodontic tooth movement with adjuvant HBOT and propolis: A study in Guinea pigs
Authors: Prayogo Rosiana Dewi , Sandy Bunga Novita , Sujarwo Hendy , Fitri Karimatul , Brahmanta Arya , Rahardjo Pambudi , Handayani Budi
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Periodontal ligament plays an essential role in preventing relapse after orthodontic treatment. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) and propolis gel can increase the amount of fibroblast in the tension area during orthodontic treatment, thus affecting the periodontal ligament. This research was aimed to analyse the difference of the width of the periodontal ligament and amount of fibroblast in the tension area with the administration of propolis gel and HBOT in an attempt to prevent orthodontic relapse. Methods: Forty-two male guinea pigs were randomly divided into 7 groups of treatments― the untreated group (I – negative group), group with rubber separator (II – positive group), 3% propolis gel treatment group (III), 5% propolis gel treatment group (IV), the HBOT treatment group (V), combination of 3% propolis gel and HBOT treatment group, and combination of 5% propolis gel and HBOT treatment group. The upper left central incisor was extracted distally using a 14-days separator rubber in the positive group and the treatment group; then the separator rubber was removed for 2 days to conduct the relapse process. The data were analysed by LSD statistical test. Results: The result of the combination of HBOT and propolis gel treatment showed significant differences among all groups (p<0.05) in the width of the periodontal ligament (1.03), and the number of fibroblasts was 95.67 in the tension site. Conclusions: The combination of HBOT and propolis gel affect the width of periodontal ligament and the number of fibroblasts in the area of the orthodontic relapse.
Formulation of mouth rinse from the essential oils of lime (Citrus aurantifolia) and its inhibitory efficacy on the growth of Streptococcus mutans – in vitro
Authors: Mulyanti Sri , Laela Dewi Sodja , Julaeha Euis , Suwargiani Anne Agustina , Aripin Dudi
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Essentials oil of lime (Citrus aurantifolia) peel has high activity in inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus mutans bacteria. The objective of this research was to determine the formulation of mouth rinse from the essential oils of lime (C. aurantifolia) with the highest inhibitory and on the growth of S. mutans. Methods: This research was an experimental in-vitro study. The sample used was the lime (C. aurantifolia) peel waste peel using hydrodistillation technique; testing of the essential oil quality was performed using 100°C distilled water for 3 hours; organoleptic test and physical mouth rinse formula test was also conducted. Mouth rinse formulations were made from the essential oils in the concentrations of 1, 2, 4, 8, 10, and 20%. Mouth rinse activity was tested with optical density. Minimum inhibitory concentration was determined with microdilution. Results: Essential oil mouth rinse formulation showed antibacterial activity at the concentrations of 2, 4, 8, 10, and 20% (formulations I-IV); the recommended mouth rinse concentration was 4% (formulation III) due to its highest antibacterial. Formulation IV showed the highest minimum inhibitory concentration value of 5.2 mg/mL (0.52%) and the safe minimum bactericidal concentration of 0.4 mg/mL (1.04). Conclusion: Mouth rinse formulation from essential oils of lime (C. aurantifolia) peel begins to show inhibition of the growth of S. mutans bacteria at the concentration of 2% essential oils (formulation II), with inhibition against the growth of S. mutans is 7.08. The formula shows a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 5.2 mg/mL (0.52%) and 10.4 mg/mL (1.04), respectively.
Pengalaman karies dan status periodontal pada ibu hamil

Caries experience and periodontal status of pregnant women

Authors: Pinanty Ajeng , Suwargiani Anne Agustina , Susilawati Sri
Published: May 2020

Pendahuluan: Kehamilan dapat menyebabkan perubahan pada beberapa anggota tubuh, termasuk rongga mulut. Kesehatan gigi dan mulut selama masa kehamilan sangat perlu dijaga, agar ibu hamil terhindar dari peningkatan resiko terjadinya karies dan penyakit periodontal. Upaya ini akan menghindari terjadinya resiko yang menyebabkan prematur dan kelahiran berat bayi lahir rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengalaman karies dan status periodontal ibu hamil agar dapat melakukan perawatan dan pencegahan dini. Metode: Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif dengan menggunakan teknik survei. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu hamil yang datang dan sedang memeriksakan kehamilannya ke poli KIA Puskesmas Sukajadi Bandung. Pengambilan responden menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 65 ibu hamil di Puskesmas Sukajadi Bandung. Pengalaman karies diukur dengan indeks DMFT, status periodontal dengan Community Periodontal Index (CPI). Hasil: Indeks DMF-T ibu hamil sebesar 6,82. Hasil CPI yaitu periodontal sehat 3,08%, perdarahan gusi 1,54%, terdapat kalkulus 26,15%, poket 4–5 mm 63,08%, poket  ≥ 6 mm 6%. Simpulan: Pengalaman karies pada ibu hamil termasuk pada kriteria rendah, sedangkan status jaringan periodontal yang paling banyak ditemui pada ibu hamil di Puskesmas Sukajadi yaitu terdapat poket 4-5 mm.Kata kunci: Ibu hamil, indeks CPI, indeks DMFT, Puskesmas. ABSTRACTIntroduction: Pregnancy can cause changes in the body, including the oral cavity. Dental and oral health during pregnancy is essential to reduce the risk of caries and periodontal disease. This effort is expected to prevent the risk of premature birth and low birth-weight babies. This study was aimed to determine the caries experience and periodontal status of pregnant women to obtain early treatment and prevention. Methods: Descriptive method using a survey technique was used in this study. The population of this study were all pregnant women who came and checked their pregnancy to the Maternal and Child Health Centre of Sukajadi Community Health Centre Bandung. A total sample of 65 pregnant women at Sukajadi Community Health Centre Bandung was obtained through purposive sampling. The caries experience and periodontal status was measured using the DMFT index and Community Periodontal Index (CPI), respectively. Results: Pregnant women showed DMF-T index of 6.82, the CPI state showed healthy periodontal status with 3.08% of gingival bleeding, 1.54% of calculus, 26.15% of 4-5 mm pocket, and 63.08% of ≥ 6 mm pocket. Conclusion: Caries experience in pregnant women at the Sukajadi Community Health Centre is categorised as low. At the same time, the presence of 4-5 mm pockets is most commonly found in the periodontal status of pregnant women.Keywords: Pregnant women, CPI index, DMFT index, Community Health Centre.
Cultural intelligence model based on value “pintar tuntang harati” for growing peace in senior high school students in Palangka Raya City
Authors: Sedayu Fendahapsari Singgih , Sunaryo Sunaryo Alidha
Published: May 2020

Cultural intelligence is built on the ability of self to cultivate awareness in accommodating cultural experiences encountered in everyday life as a counterweight of cognitive intelligence that can be applied in certain attitudes in everyday life. Cultural intelligence occurs when there is interaction among a group of individuals, both social interaction and cultural interaction. Implementation of local cultural values in the development of the educational process becomes very important in an effort to strengthen the character of the nation. The value of the culture of local wisdom about "Pintar Tuntang Harati" which contains meaning related to attitude, the person said to be a person who has good attitude, praised, intelligent, tenacious, tough, able to control his emotions, know when to talk and when silent, responsible, respectful, skilled at putting himself environmentally, humbly and peace loving. The value of culture " Pintar Tuntang Harati " is the value of cultural intelligence of ancestral heritage that is important to be empowered in fostering peace education that is able to form the character of student peace in the form of attitude and behavior that shows love,affection, mutual respect,appreciate, and friendship on himself  or to someone else different from him.
HIGHWAY ALIGNMENT ALONG THE CORRIDORS USING REMOTE SENSING AND GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM - PERUNDURAI TO PALANI, TAMILNADU, INDIA
Authors: Shanmugam Loganathan
Published: May 2020

Best route location and highway alignment selection process is a complicated one due to many variables it must be considered. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can easily represent such variables, including topography, environment, built-up areas and geology variables. It is to identify the short route for the vehicles travelling from Perundurai to Palani and to diminish the time journey for the vehicles with possible routes for laying eco-friendly highway. This study took compensation of GIS capabilities that present the ability to overlay maps, merge them and execute spatial analysis on different layers of information in either two or three dimensions. GIS model for route location and highway alignment developed and worn to create alternate highway route applications. After the alternatives are preliminarily deliberated using ArcGIS9.3, the imitation is used to analyze, evaluate and to select the best alternative with least impacts on environment and economy. The selected highway is supposed to connect three districts viz. Erode, Tirupur and Dindugal. In final stages of examination and assessment, the replica envelops the high capabilities in analyzing the impacts of every alternatives, with buffering and spatial relations.Â Â  Three different routes are identified as left, middle and right routes. Right route is identified as best route which fulfils least cost with eco-friendly environment, material reduction on number of bridges and culverts.
Design and Development of Network Reliability based Secure Multicast Routing Protocol for MANET
Authors: N SUMA , S GOPINATH
Published: May 2020

In Mobile Ad hoc network (MANET), link quality and stability of links as well as nodes play a major role. In ad hoc network, links are often changing which could affect the node mobility and integrity of data packets. In this research work, Network Reliability based Secure Multicast Routing Protocol (NRSMRP) is proposed to achieve network reliability by means of creation of reliable multicast tree. This multicast tree is constructed based on link quality and reliability trust metric. In first phase, node categorization and reliability metric calculation are implemented with the help of link quality. In second phase, reliable multicast tree is formed based on parent node and child node. Parent node must have god capacity and signal strength to communicate with child node. In last phase, authentication based multicast routes are established based on the calculation of direct reputation of mobile nodes. From the results, proposed protocol achieves better performance than existing schemes.