bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prospective validation of a novel renal activity index of lupus nephritis
Authors: Gulati G , Bennett M R , Abulaban K , Song H , Zhang X , Ma Q , Brodsky S V , Nadasdy T , Haffner C , Wiley K , Ardoin S P , Devarajan P , Ying J , Rovin B H , Brunner H I
Published: March 2017

Objectives

The renal activity index for lupus (RAIL) score was developed in children with lupus nephritis as a weighted sum of six urine biomarkers (UBMs) (neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, monocyte chemotactic protein 1, ceruloplasmin, adiponectin, hemopexin and kidney injury molecule 1) measured in a random urine sample. We aimed at prospectively validating the RAIL in adults with lupus nephritis.

Methods

Urine from 79 adults was collected at the time of kidney biopsy to assay the RAIL UBMs. Using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, we evaluated the accuracy of the RAIL to discriminate high lupus nephritis activity status (National Institutes of Health activity index (NIH-AI) score >10), from low/moderate lupus nephritis activity status (NIH-AI score ≤10).

Results

In this mixed racial cohort, high lupus nephritis activity was present in 15 patients (19%), and 71% had proliferative lupus nephritis. Use of the identical RAIL algorithm developed in children resulted in only fair prediction of lupus nephritis activity status of adults (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) 0.62). Alternative weightings of the six RAIL UBMs as suggested by logistic regression yielded excellent accuracy to predict lupus nephritis activity status (AUC 0.88). Accuracy of the model did not improve with adjustment of the UBMs for urine creatinine or albumin, and was little influenced by concurrent kidney damage.

Conclusions

The RAIL UBMs provide excellent prediction of lupus nephritis activity in adults. Age adaption of the RAIL is warranted to optimize its discriminative validity to predict high lupus nephritis activity status non-invasively.
Macroeconomic Determinants of Volatility for the Gold Price in Ethiopia: The Application of GARCH and EWMA Volatility Models
Authors: Ayele Amare Wubishet , Gabreyohannes Emmanuel , Tesfay Yohannes Yebabe
Published: March 2017

Modelling and forecasting of commodity price volatility has important applications for asset management, portfolio analysis and risk assessment due to the simple fact that volatility has informational content and contains signals of the market information flow. This article models and forecasts the gold price volatility using the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) and the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) models for the period from 1998 to 2014. The gold series shows the classical characteristics of financial time series, such as leptokurtic distributions, data dependence and strong serial correlation in squared returns. Hence, the series can be modelled using both EWMA and GARCH-type models. Among the GARCH-type models, GARCH-M(2,2) with Student’s t distribution for the residuals was found to be the best-fit model. Moreover, the manuscript finds that interest rates, exchange rates and crude oil prices have a significant impact on gold volatility. The risk premium effect is found to be positive and statistically significant, suggesting increased volatility is followed by a higher mean. Finally, a comparison is made between the GARCH and the EWMA models. Using the relative mean squared error and mean absolute error measures, the empirical result suggests that GARCH models with explanatory variables are superior for volatility forecasting.
Paramita Mukherjee, Arnab K. Deb and Miao Pang (eds), China and India: History, Culture, Cooperation and Competition
Authors: Barai Munim Kumar
Published: March 2017

Paramita Mukherjee, Arnab K. Deb and Miao Pang (eds), China and India: History, Culture, Cooperation and Competition. New Delhi: SAGE Publications, 2016, 232 pp., ₹945 (hardback). ISBN: 978-93-859-8569-0
On modeling interfaces in linear micropolar composites
Authors: Serpilli Michele
Published: March 2017

This paper describes the mechanical behavior of two linear micropolar solids, bonded together by a thin plate-like layer, constituted of a linear micropolar material, determined by means of an asymptotic analysis. After defining a small parameter [Formula: see text], which will tend to zero, associated with the thickness and the constitutive coefficients of the intermediate layer, we characterize two different limit models and their associated limit problems, the so-called weak and strong micropolar interface models, respectively. Moreover, we identify the nonclassical transmission conditions at the interface between the two three-dimensional bodies in terms of the increases in the stresses, coupling stresses, displacements, and microrotations. Finally, we prove that the solution of the original problems strongly converges toward the solution of the limit problems, as [Formula: see text] tends to zero.
Influence of vegetable coagulant and ripening time on the lipolytic and sensory profile of cheeses made with raw goat milk from Canary breeds
Authors: Rincón Arturo A , Pino Verónica , Fresno María R , Jiménez-Abizanda Ana I , Álvarez Sergio , Ayala Juan H , Afonso Ana M
Published: March 2017

Free fatty acids and sensory profiles were obtained for cheeses made with raw goat milk and vegetable coagulant, derived from the cardoon flower ( Cynara cardunculus), at different ripening times (7 and 20 days). A solid–liquid phase extraction method followed by solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography was used. Profiles were also obtained with cheeses made with commercial coagulant, traditional kid rennet paste, and mixture coagulant (vegetable coagulant-kid rennet). The use of vegetable coagulant and vegetable coagulant-kid rennet is common in traditional Protected Designation of Origin cheeses such as “ Queso Flor de Guía” and “ Queso Media Flor de Guía” (Spain). Contents of short-chain free fatty acids (7.5–22.5 mmol·kg−1), medium-chain free fatty acids (0.4–3.7 mmol·kg−1), and long-chain free fatty acids (0.2–2.1 mmol·kg−1) varied depending on the coagulant type and the ripening time. Vegetable coagulant cheeses present odour intensity and flavour intensity much higher than commercial coagulant cheeses in the sensory analysis for cheeses obtained with seven days of ripening, but the values decrease when increasing the ripening time. Multivariate analysis allowed us to differentiate cheese samples according to the ripening time when using lipolytic profile and according to the coagulant type using the sensory profile.
The influence of repeated high-energy engagements on the permeability of a paper-based wet clutch friction material
Authors: Lingesten Niklas , Marklund Pär , Höglund Erik
Published: March 2017

The behavior of a wet clutch during engagement is of great importance to the durability of the clutch and the drivability of a vehicle. While many different factors influence the engagement behavior, the focus of this paper is to investigate only one factor, the permeability of the wet clutch friction material. Two test cells for measuring the permeability of friction material mounted on clutch discs have been developed. The test cells were then used to examine the effect of clutch material ageing through clutch engagement on the permeability of the material. The tests were performed on full size friction discs including the steel core prior and subsequent to testing in a wet clutch engagement test rig. The ability of the friction material to allow for oil flow both through the sliding surface layer and the bulk of the material was measured. The results indicate that repeated clutch engagements will increase the bulk permeability. However, the repeated engagements will decrease the ability to pass fluid through the friction material sliding surface. This contradictory behavior could be explained by a combination of an increase in pore size through repeated compression and the surface glaze clogging of the friction interface surface pores.
Body Image and Prosthetic Aesthetics
Authors: Tamari Tomoko
Published: March 2017

The success of the London 2012 Paralympic Games not only revealed new public possibilities for the disabled, but also thrust the debates on the relationship between elite Paralympians and advanced prosthetic technology into the spotlight. One of the Paralympic stars, Oscar Pistorius, in particular became celebrated as ‘the Paralympian cyborg’. Also prominent has been Aimee Mullins, a former Paralympian, who became a globally successful fashion model by seeking to establish a new bodily aesthetic utilizing non-organic body parts. This article examines how the modern discourse of prostheses has shifted from the made-up and camouflaged body to the empowered and exhibited body to create a new cultural sensitivity in terms of body image – prosthetic aesthetics. Prosthetic aesthetics oscillates between two polarized sensitivities: attractiveness/‘coolness’, which derive from the image of a perfect human-machine synthetic body, and from abjection/the uncanny, which is evoked by the actual materiality of the lived body incorporating a lifeless human-made body part.
The Legal Persona of the Video Game: The Self of Persona 4
Authors: Pearson Ashley
Published: March 2017

This article investigates Persona 4, a Japanese video game, as a complex retelling of the relationship of the subject to law. Through both narrative and medium, Persona 4 explores tensions of the legal subject as “persona ficta,” the imaginary identity that law uses to construct and bind subjects, demonstrating the inability of a player to let go of their fragmented identity even within a fictional setting. With the player and narrative relying on one another in a way that requires complicity to function, the player is forced to comply or not participate, a choice echoed in non-virtual life.
Joint maintenance and controller reconfiguration policy for a gradually deteriorating control system
Authors: Langeron Yves , Grall Antoine , Barros Anne
Published: March 2017

This paper tackles the maintenance decision-making of gradually deteriorating control systems. The main feature of these systems is their ability within a closed-loop to drive actuators in order to set the controlled process in a given state. Usually, the existing literature deals with the diagnosis of faults of a control system and the means to recover system performances after their appearance. The controller reconfiguration is one of these means. The root cause of a fault is rarely argued nor its occurrence time. Before designing maintenance policies, this paper proposes a stochastic modeling framework of a degrading control system focusing on the actuator deterioration. It is based on the assumption of a close relationship between the controller setting, the actuator deterioration and finally its faulty situations. These latter are related to given degradation thresholds. Due to the stochastic nature of the deterioration, the thresholds hitting times are random. The obtained model allows the conditional reliability of the actuator to be assessed and then the prognosis of its residual useful life (RUL). This RUL is finally used to achieve two maintenance policies based upon the reconfiguration of the controller which is therefore considered as a new maintenance action.
The Efficacy of Common Fit Indices for Enumerating Classes in Growth Mixture Models When Nested Data Structure Is Ignored
Authors: Chen Qi , Luo Wen , Palardy Gregory J. , Glaman Ryan , McEnturff Amber
Published: March 2017

Growth mixture model (GMM) is a flexible statistical technique for analyzing longitudinal data when there are unknown heterogeneous subpopulations with different growth trajectories. When individuals are nested within clusters, multilevel growth mixture model (MGMM) should be used to account for the clustering effect. A review of recent literature shows that a higher level of nesting was described in 43% of articles using GMM, none of which used MGMM to account for the clustered data. We conjecture that researchers sometimes ignore the higher level to reduce analytical complexity, but in other situations, ignoring the nesting is unavoidable. This Monte Carlo study investigated whether the correct number of classes can still be retrieved when a higher level of nesting in MGMM is ignored. We investigated six commonly used model selection indices: Akaike information criterion (AIC), consistent AIC (CAIC), Bayesian information criterion (BIC), sample size–adjusted BIC (SABIC), Vuong–Lo–Mendell–Rubin likelihood ratio test (VLMR), and adjusted Lo–Mendell–Rubin likelihood ratio test (ALMR). Results showed that accuracy of class enumeration decreased for all six indices when the higher level is ignored. BIC, CAIC, and SABIC were the most effective model selection indices under the misspecified model. BIC and CAIC were preferable when sample size was large and/or intraclass correlation (ICC) was small, whereas SABIC performed better when sample size was small and/or ICC was large. In addition, SABIC and VLMR/ALMR tended to overextract the number of classes when there are more than two subpopulations and the sample size is large.
The United States Pledge of Allegiance Ceremony
Authors: Martin Leisa A. , Lauzon Glenn P. , Benus Matthew J. , Livas Pete
Published: March 2017

The study evaluated 60 middle school students and 191 high school students on their willingness to recite or not recite the Pledge and their rationale. Overall, 60% of the middle school students and 68.6% of the high school students chose not to recite the loyalty oath. For the European Americans students, the most common rationale among the middle school students for reciting the Pledge was tradition; with the high school students, the most common reason for not reciting the Pledge was the voluntary nature of the Pledge ceremony. With the middle school and high school Akwesasne Mohawk students, the most common reasons for not reciting the Pledge were the voluntary nature of the Pledge ceremony and their Akwesasne Mohawk/Native American status. With their strong rejection of Pledge recitation, the Akwesasne Mohawk tribe has perpetuated a stronger socialization of their youth. However, the act of reciting the Pledge represents just one form of patriotism.
A Comparison of Mothers and Childfree Women on the Common Characteristics of Romantic Love
Authors: Volsche Shelly
Published: March 2017

Since 2009, de Munck, Korotayev, and Khaltourina’s pioneering survey has been used to investigate the cognitive qualities of love across cultures, including Russia, Lithuania, the United States, and China. To date, this survey has not been used to probe these values at a subcultural level. Mothers and childfree women were surveyed with an expanded version of the original survey designed to target potential variations in ideology based upon parental status. Both mothers and childfree women reportedly adhere to the cultural norms of romantic love previously found in the United States, but childfree women were more likely to value pragmatic characteristics of love ( p = .011). Despite this, both groups disagreed with the statement “Career is more important than love,” suggesting norms of romantic love overcome feminist ideals. This is further supported by agreement from both groups on the previously identified “core attributes” that correspond with Fisher’s affective traits of romantic love.
The Benefits and Risks of CrossFit: A Systematic Review
Authors: Meyer Jena , Morrison Janet , Zuniga Julie
Published: March 2017

With the increase in popularity of the CrossFit exercise program, occupational health nurses may be asked questions about the appropriateness of CrossFit training for workers. This systematic literature review was conducted to analyze the current research on CrossFit, and assess the benefits and risks of this exercise strategy. Thirteen studies ( N = 2,326 participants) examined the use of CrossFit training among adults; CrossFit is comparable to other exercise programs with similar injury rates and health outcomes. Occupational health nurses should assess previous injuries prior to recommending this form of exercise. Ideal candidates for CrossFit are adults who seek high-intensity exercise with a wide variety of exercise components.
Subacromial Decompression in Patients with Impingement Syndrome Results in Better Clinical Outcome Compared to Physiotherapy in the Long Term. A Prospective Randomised Study
Authors: Farfaras Stefanos , Sernert Ninni , Rostgard-Christensen Lars , Hallstrom Erling , Kartus Juri T.
Published: March 2017

Objectives:

The long-term outcome after treatment of subacromial impingement syndrome (SAIS) with either non-surgical or surgical methods is not thoroughly investigated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term clinical outcome, the presence of rotator-cuff injuries and osteoarthritis after both surgical and non-surgical treatment.

Methods:

Eighty-seven patients with SAIS were randomised to three groups: open acromioplasty (OSG), arthroscopic acromioplasty (ASG) or physiotherapy (PTG). The Constant score and the Watson & Sonnabend score were used as outcome measures. Furthermore, bilateral ultrasound examinations to detect rotator-cuff ruptures and bilateral x-rays to detect osteoarthritis were performed. Sixty-six patients (76%) attended the clinical follow-up, 14 (SD 1.5) years after the initial treatment.

Results:

The groups were demographically comparable at baseline. The Constant score had improved significantly at follow-up in both the OSG and the ASG (p=0.003 and 0.011 respectively). No improvement was detected in the PTG. The OSG revealed a significant improvement compared to the PTG at follow-up (p=0.011), otherwise no significant differences were found. For the Watson & Sonnabend score the OSG revealed significant improvement in 13/14 questions. The corresponding was found in the ASG and the PTG in 9/14 questions (p=0.14). Using ultra-sound 1/20 patients in the OSG revealed a full-thickness rotator cuff rupture on the index side. The corresponding was found for 1/18 in the ASG and 4/28 in the PTG (p=0.29). On the contralateral side 2/20 patients in the OSG revealed a full-thickness rotator cuff tear. The corresponding was found for 1/18 in the ASG and 4/28 in the PTG (p=0.36). On the x-rays 3/20 patients in the OSG revealed moderate or severe osteoarthritis in the index shoulder. The corresponding was found for 1/18 in the ASG and 0/28 in the PTG (p=0.12). 1/20 patients in the OSG revealed osteoarthritis in the contra-lateral shoulder. The corresponding was found for 1/18 in the ASG and 0/28 in the PTG (p=0.11).

Conclusion:

In the long term surgical treatment of SAIS appears to render better clinical results than physiotherapy. No significant differences were found between the groups in terms of the presence of full thickness rotator cuff ruptures and osteoarthritis.
Tendonopathy Does Not Predict Rotator Cuff Healing
Authors: Sethi Paul M. , Sheth Chirag D. , McCarthy Mary Beth , Cote Mark P. , Mazzocca Augustus D.
Published: March 2017

Objectives:

Numerous studies have identified risk factors which may decrease the chance of successful rotator cuff healing after surgery. Surgeons may also rely on intraoperative tendon quality to predict healing. There is no data that correlates how the gross tendon morphology and the degree of tendonopathy may impact patient outcome or post-operative tendon healing. The purposes of this study were to 1) compare the gross appearance of the supraspinatus tendon during arthroscopic rotator cuff repair with its histological degree of tendonopathy using the Bonar scoring system, and 2) to determine if either histological appearance or gross appearance correlated with Goutallier grade of fatty infiltration, or post-operative repair integrity. Our hypothesis was that there would be a statistical correlation between gross appearance and histological Bonar score, and that gross appearance would correlate with Goutallier grade and rate of healing.

Methods:

Demographic data from 105 patients undergoing (supraspinatus) rotator cuff repair were obtained. During surgery, the supraspinatus tendon was rated on thickness, fraying, and stiffness. Tendon tissue was also recovered for histological analysis based on the Bonar scoring system. Post-operative ASES and SST scores, as well as ultrasound assessment of healing, were obtained. Statistical analysis based on demographic data was carried out. Correlation between gross appearance of the supraspinatus tendon and rotator cuff histology (Bonar score) was determined. Correlation of gross appearance with Goutallier grade of fatty infiltration, and with post-operative repair integrity was also determined.

Results:

Gross appearance of torn rotator cuff tendon tissue did not correlate with histological appearance. Neither hisological score nor gross appearance correlated with demographic data, Goutallier grade, or post-operative repair status. Goutallier grade and vascularity were weakly correlated (rho=0.22, p=0.03)

Conclusion:

The degree of tendonopathy (Bonar Score) did not correlate with morphological appearance of the rotator cuff tendon, and neither of these parameters correlated with rotator cuff healing or patient outcome. Unlike fatty infiltration, or Goutallier scores, which evaluate the degree of muscle disease, this study suggests that the degree of tendonopathy may not be predictive of suboptimal outcomes. In light of these results, abnormal gross tendon appearance should not impact repair effort or technique. [Figure: see text][Figure: see text][Table: see text][Table: see text][Table: see text]
Surgical Treatment of Lateral Epicondylitis
Authors: Kroslak Martin , Murrell George A.C.
Published: March 2017

Objectives:

A number of surgical techniques for managing tennis elbow have been described, one of the commonest (Nirschl & Pettrone. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 61(6A): 832-839) involves excising the affected portion of extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) origin. The results of this technique, as well as most other described surgical techniques for this condition, have been reported as excellent, yet none have been compared with placebo surgery.

Methods:

This study was a prospective, randomised, double blinded, placebo controlled clinical trial investigating the surgical excision of the macroscopically degenerated portion of ECRB (Nirschl technique; n=13) compared with a sham operation (skin incision and exposure of ECRB alone; n=13) to manage tennis elbow, in patients with tennis elbow for more than 6 months who failed at least two non-surgical modalities. The primary outcome measure was defined as patient rated frequency of elbow pain with activity at 6 months post-surgery. Secondary outcome measures included patient rated frequency and severity of pain, functional outcomes, range of motion, epicondyle tenderness and strength at 6 months and >12 months post-surgery.

Results:

The two groups were matched for age, gender, hand dominance and duration of symptoms. Both the surgery and placebo procedures improved patient rated pain frequency and severity, elbow stiffness, difficulty with picking up objects, twisting motions and overall elbow rating over 6 months and at >12 months (p<0.01). Both procedures also improved epicondyle tenderness, pronation-supination range, grip strength and modified ORI-TETS at 6 months (p<0.05). No significant difference was observed between the groups in any parameter at any stage. No side effects or complications were reported. The study was stopped before the calculated number of patients were enrolled, as a post-hoc analysis showed over 6500 patients would need to be recruited in each group to see a significant difference between the groups at 26 weeks, when measuring patient rated frequency of elbow pain with activity.

Conclusion:

This study indicates that the surgical excision of the degenerative portion of ECRB offers no additional benefit over and above placebo surgery for the management of chronic tennis elbow. [Figure: see text]
Do Outcomes of Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation Differ Based on Age
Authors: Frank Rachel M. , Lee Simon , Poland Sarah Glen , Cole Brian J.
Published: March 2017

Objectives:

Osteochondral allograft transplantation (OAT) is being performed with increasing frequency, though to date, the impact of patient age on outcomes and failure rates has not been assessed. The purpose of this study was to determine clinical outcomes for patients over 40 years of age undergoing OAT compared to a cohort of patients under 40.

Methods:

A review of prospectively collected data of patients who underwent OAT by a single surgeon with a minimum follow-up of 2 years was conducted. Patients <40 or ≥40 years were grouped. The reoperation rate, failure rate, timing of reoperation, procedures performed, findings at surgery, and patient reported outcome scores were reviewed. Failure was defined by revision OAT, conversion to knee arthroplasty, or gross appearance of graft failure at 2nd look arthroscopy. Descriptive statistics, fisher’s exact or chi-square testing, and Mann-Whitney U testing were performed, with P<0.05 set as significant.

Results:

A total of 170 patients who underwent OAT with an average follow-up of 5.0±2.7 years (range, 2.0-15.1) were included; 115 patients <40 years (average age 27.6±7.31 years, 58 males, 57 females) and 55 patients ≥40 years (average age 44.9±4.0 years, 33 males, 22 females). There were no differences detected in the number of pre-OAT surgeries between the groups (<40: 2.70±1.91; ≥40: 2.13±1.04; P=0.085). The ≥40 patients demonstrated significantly higher BMI (<40: 25.94±5.02 kg/m2; ≥40: 28.11±5.22 kg/m2; P=0.018), higher prevalence of workers’ compensation patients (<40: 17%; ≥40: 33%; P=0.028), and lower prevalence of concomitant distal femoral osteotomy (<40: 8%; ≥40: 0%; P=0.028). There were no differences detected in reoperation rate (<40: 38%; ≥40: 36%; P=0.867), time to reoperation (<40: 2.12±1.90; ≥40: 3.43±3.43; P=0.126), or failure rate (<40: 13%; ≥40: 16%; P=0.639) between each group. Patients in both groups demonstrated significant improvement in Lysholm, IKCD, KOOS, WOMAC, and SF-12 physical subscale as compared to preoperative values (P>0.05 for all for both groups). The SF-12 mental subscale was not significantly improved at final follow-up for either group. The older group demonstrated significantly higher Lysholm (P=0.045) and KOOS-sport (P=0.015) scores compared to the younger group at final recent follow-up. There were no other significant differences in patient reported outcomes scores, other concomitant surgeries, or defect sizes.

Conclusion:

Patients ≥40 years of age undergoing OAT have similar survival and reoperation rates at 5 years following surgery compared to younger patients. The <40 patients demonstrated lower Lysholm and KOOS-sport scores, potentially attributable to higher expectations of return to function post-operatively as compared to older patients. This information can be used to counsel patients when being offered OAT as part of a knee joint preservation strategy.
Evaluation of energy metabolism in septic patients with and without AKI
Authors: Sanches Ana Cláudia Soncini , de Góes Cassiana Regina , Bufarah Marina Nogueira Berbel , de Oliveira Mariana Cassani , Balbi André Luis , Ponce Daniela
Published: March 2017

Background

The determination of resting energy expenditure (REE) in critically ill patients could prevent complications such as hypo- and hyperalimentation.

This study aims to describe the REE in septic patients with and without acute kidney injury (AKI) and compare the REE estimated by the Harris-Benedict equation (HB) with the REE measured by indirect calorimetry (IC).

Methods

Prospective and observational study was performed. Septic patients older than 18 years, undergoing mechanical ventilation, with or without AKI defined by KDIGO criteria, and admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of University Hospital from Brazil were included. The REE was estimated by HB equation and measured by the IC within 72 h after the diagnosis of sepsis and 7 days after the initial measure.

Results

Sixty-eight patients were evaluated, age was 62.5 ± 16.6 years, 64.7% were male, 63.2% had AKI, and SOFA was 9.8 ± 2.35. The measured REE was 1857.5 ± 685.32 kcal, while the estimated REE was 1514.8 ± 356.72 kcal, with adequacy of 123.5 ± 43%. Septic patients without AKI (n = 25) and with AKI (n = 43) had measured REE statistically higher than the estimated one (1855.0 (1631.75–2052.75) vs. 1551.0 kcal (1349.0–1719.25), p = 0.007 and 1868.0 (1219.5–2364.75) vs. 1388.0 kcal (1254.0–1665.5), p = 0.026, respectively). There was no significant difference between the two groups (with and without AKI) in measured and estimated REE (p = 0.63 and 0.64, respectively). There was no significant difference in evolutional REE (1845.95 ± 658.27 kcal vs. 1809.54 ± 755.08 kcal, p = 0.86).

Conclusions

The REE measured by IC was significantly higher than that estimated by HB equation in both septic with and without AKI. There was no significant difference in REE between the septic patients with and without AKI, suggesting that AKI does not influence the energy metabolism of septic patients.
Cellular levels of growth factor receptor bound protein 2 (Grb2) and cytoskeleton stability are correlated in a neurodegenerative scenario
Authors: Majumder Piyali , Roy Kasturi , Singh Brijesh Kumar , Jana Nihar Ranjan , Mukhopadhyay Debashis
Published: March 2017

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) manifests neuronal loss. On the premises of Grb2 overexpression in AD mouse brain and brain tissues of AD patients, our study primarily focuses on the stability of cytoskeletal proteins in the context of degenerative AD like conditions. Two predominant molecular features of AD, extracellular accumulation of Aβ oligomers and intracellular elevation of AICD levels, have been used to closely inspect the series of signaling events. In their presence, multiple signaling pathways involving ROCK and PAK1 proteins lead to disassembly of the cytoskeleton and Grb2 partially counterbalances the cytoskeletal loss. Increased Grb2-NOX4 interaction plays a preventive role against cytoskeletal disassembly, in turn blocking NOX activity and decreasing the expression of slingshot homolog 1 (SSH-1) protein, a potent inducer of cytoskeleton disassembly. This study unravels a unique role of Grb2 in protecting the cytoskeletal architecture in AD like conditions and presents a potential new strategy for controlling neurodegeneration.
Novel Hydrogen-Bonding Pattern of Water in Polycarbonate
Authors: Iwamoto Reikichi , Kusanagi Hiroshi , Harui Rika
Published: March 2017

We study the hydrogen-bonding structure of the water in polycarbonate (PC) (OC6H4C(CH3)2C6H4OCO)n by near- and mid-infrared spectroscopy. We extensively analyze the effects of the hydration interaction on the near- and mid-infrared absorptions of the hydrating water and on those of the phenyl and carbonyl groups, either of which should interact with the water in PC. The analysis has consistently led us to the conclusion that the water is hydrogen bonded to the phenyl group but not to the carbonate C=O, against the prediction that the hydrogen-bonding energy of the water to the former should be significantly smaller than that to the latter (P. R. Rablen et al., J. Phys. Chem. A1998, 102, 3782). To explain the unexpected hydration, we propose a novel hydration pattern, in which the water is fittingly settled into the “phenyl hollow” formed by the two adjacent phenyl groups, obliquely connected by -C(CH3)2- in-between. The key factor of the hydration pattern or that the water symmetrically acts as proton donor to the π clouds of the phenyl groups has been proved to be perfectly consistent with the observed spectral features of the hydrating water.
Embolization of a Bronchial Artery Aneurysm in a Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Patient with Non-Massive Hemoptysis
Authors: Salamone Ignazio , Cavallaro Marco , Visalli Carmela , Velo Mariano , Barbaro Ugo , Galletta Karol , Andò Filippo
Published: March 2017

Background: Bronchial artery aneurysm (BAA) is a rare condition with a reported prevalence of less than 1% of all selective bronchial arterial angiograms. Despite its low incidence, BAA represents a potential cause of hemoptysis.

Case Report: We describe the case of a 63-year-old man suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), who presented with non-massive hemoptysis. CT angiography revealed a single bronchial artery aneurysm of 9 mm in diameter, abutting the esophageal wall. Other CT findings included hypertrophy of the bronchial arteries along the mediastinal course, diffuse thickening of the walls of numerous bronchial branches and a “ground glass” opacity in the anterior segment of the right upper pulmonary lobe suggestive of alveolar hemorrhage. The final diagnosis was established based on selective angiography, which was followed by transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) of the BAA and of the pathological bronchial circulation. Follow-up CT scans revealed a total exclusion of the aneurysm from the systemic circulation, resolution of the parenchymal “ground glass” opacity and absence of further episodes of hemoptysis over a period of two years.

Conclusions: An incidental finding of a bronchial artery aneurysm necessitates prompt treatment. CT angiography and TAE represent the methods of choice for an appropriate diagnosis and treatment, respectively. In case of a BAA associated with chronic inflammatory diseases, such as COPD, in patients with

hemoptysis, TAE of the BAA and of the pathological bronchial circulation, in association with the treatment of the underlying disease, represents a valid approach that can improve the pulmonary status and prevent further episodes of hemoptysis.
LA HIPÓTESIS DE LOS CUADROS DE SIGNIFICADO EN LA SOLUCIÓN DE PROBLEMAS MATEMÁTICOS
Authors: Andrade Alejandro , Lotero Botero Amparo , Andrade Londoño Edgar A.
Published: March 2017

El presente texto tiene la intención de describir un fenómeno observado cuando niños y niñas de 6 y 7 años, quienes aún no habían  recibido instrucción formal de la división, intentaron dar solución a un problema de repartición por medio de dibujos. El fenómeno  llamado “cuadros de significado” intenta explicar por qué algunos niños tuvieron éxito en la solución de problemas y otros no. Por  medio de un estudio de casos ilustramos empíricamente esta hipótesis, la cual se presenta como una herramienta teórica y  metodológica poderosa para la conceptualización de la solución de problemas aritméticos y la comprensión que subyace al  pensamiento matemático de los niños de esta edad. No obstante, es necesario seguir expandiendo nuestro análisis y la aplicación  de este marco de referencia. Esto conllevaría a reconsiderar prácticas educativas y evaluativas convencionales. En este artículo intentamos señalar un camino por el cual podrían realizarse estos cambios.
ANÁLISIS DE PROBLEMAS DE PROPORCIONALIDAD COMPUESTA EN LIBROS DE TEXTO DE 2º DE ESO
Authors: Martínez Juste Sergio , Muñoz Escolano José María , Oller Marcén Antonio M. , Ortega del Rincón Tomás
Published: March 2017

En este trabajo realizamos un estudio detallado de los problemas de proporcionalidad compuesta de doce libros de texto españoles de segundo curso de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (13-14 años). En concreto, se realiza un análisis de contenido textual y a priori, clasificando los problemas atendiendo a su contexto, su estructura, su posición y papel dentro de la Unidad Didáctica correspondiente y a la tipología de magnitudes utilizadas. Entre otros resultados se concluye que, aunque la presencia de problemas varía ligeramente en cuanto a número entre los distintos textos, el tratamiento es bastante homogéneo respecto a su contexto, estructura y magnitudes implicadas: la mayoría de los problemas son de contexto realista, de valor perdido y con cinco cantidades de magnitud extensivas. También se detecta poca presencia de problemas de comparación cuantitativa y de situaciones de tipo inversa - inversa, así como poca presencia y variedad de magnitudes intensivas.
The Performance of Deferred-Acceptance Auctions
Authors: Dütting Paul , Gkatzelis Vasilis , Roughgarden Tim
Published: March 2017

Deferred-acceptance auctions are mechanisms whose allocation rule can be implemented using an adaptive reverse greedy algorithm. Milgrom and Segal recently introduced these auctions and proved that they satisfy remarkable incentive guarantees: in addition to being dominant strategy and incentive compatible, they are weakly group-strategyproof and can be implemented by ascending-clock auctions. Neither forward greedy mechanisms nor the VCG mechanism generally possess any of these additional incentive properties. The goal of this paper is to initiate the study of deferred-acceptance auctions from an approximation standpoint. We study what fraction of the optimal social welfare can be guaranteed by these auctions in two canonical problems, knapsack auctions and combinatorial auctions with single-minded bidders. For knapsack auctions, we prove a separation between deferred-acceptance auctions and arbitrary dominant-strategy incentive-compatible mechanisms. For combinatorial auctions with single-minded bidders, we design novel polynomial-time mechanisms that achieve the best of both worlds: the incentive guarantees of a deferred-acceptance auction, and approximation guarantees close to the best possible.
Hip revision arthroplasty for failed osteosynthesis in periprosthetic Vancouver type B1 fractures using a cementless, modular, tapered revision stem
Authors: Fink B. , Oremek D.
Published: March 2017

Aims

To evaluate the hypothesis that failed osteosynthesis of periprosthetic Vancouver type B1 fractures can be treated successfully with stem revision using a transfemoral approach and a cementless, modular, tapered revision stem with reproducible rates of fracture healing, stability of the revision stem, and clinically good results.

Patients and Methods

A total of 14 patients (11 women, three men) with a mean age of 72.4 years (65 to 90) undergoing revision hip arthroplasty after failed osteosynthesis of periprosthetic fractures of Vancouver type B1 were treated using a transfemoral approach to remove the well-fixed stem before insertion of a modular, fluted titanium stem which obtained distal fixation. These patients were clinically and radiologically followed up for a mean 52.2 months (24 to 144).

Results

After a mean of 15.5 weeks (standard deviation (sd) 5.7) all fractures had healed. No stems subsided and bony-ingrowth fixation had occurred according to the classification of Engh et al. The mean Harris Hip Score increased from a pre-operative score of 22.2 points (sd 9.7) to 81.5 points (sd 16.8) 24 months post-operatively. All hips had obtained an excellent result according to the classification of Beals and Tower.

Conclusions

The technique described here for stem revision provides reproducibly good results in the treatment of failed osteosynthesis for Vancouver types B1 periprosthetic fractures of the hip. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B(4 Supple B):11–16.
Mid-term changes in blood metal ion levels after Articular Surface Replacement arthroplasty of the hip
Authors: Galea V. P. , Laaksonen I. , Matuszak S. J. , Connelly J. W. , Muratoglu O. , Malchau H.
Published: March 2017

Aims

Our first aim was to determine whether there are significant changes in the level of metal ions in the blood at mid-term follow-up, in patients with an Articular Surface Replacement (ASR) arthroplasty. Secondly, we sought to identify risk factors for any increases.

Patients and Methods

The study involved 435 patients who underwent unilateral, metal-on-metal (MoM) hip resurfacing (HRA) or total hip arthroplasty (THA). These patients all had one measurement of the level of metal ions in the blood before seven years had passed post-operatively (early evaluation) and one after seven years had passed post-operatively (mid-term evaluation). Changes in ion levels were tested using a Wilcoxon signed-rank test. We identified subgroups at the highest risk of increase using a multivariable linear logistic regression model.

Results

There were significant increases in the levels of metal ions for patients who underwent both MoM HRA (Chromium (Cr): 0.5 parts per billion (ppb); Cobalt (Co): 1.1 ppb) and MoM THA (Cr: 0.5 ppb; Co: 0.7 ppb). In a multivariable model considering MoM HRAs, the change in the levels of metal ions was influenced by female gender (Co: Odds Ratio (OR) 1.42; p = 0.002 and Cr: OR 1.08; p = 0.006). The change was found to be irrespective of the initial level for the MoM HRAs, whereas there was a negative relationship between the initial level and the change in the level for those with a MoM THA (Co: OR -0.43; p <  0.001 and Cr: OR -0.14; p = 0.033).

Conclusion

The levels of metal ions in the blood increase significantly over the period until mid-term follow-up in patients with both a MoM HRA and those with a MoM THA. We recommend that the levels of metal ions be measured most frequently for women with a MoM HRA. While those with a MoM THA appear to stabilise at a certain level, the accuracy of this trend is not yet clear. Vigilant follow-up is still recommended. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B(4 Supple B):33–40.
Ectodermal dysplasia: case report of aesthetic and functional rehabilitation
Authors: Di Lanaro Nattália , Faker Khawana , Paula Viviane Andrade Cancio , Tostes Mônica Almeida
Published: March 2017

Objective: The aim of this study is to report a case of aesthetic and prosthetic rehabilitation of a male 6-year-old patient diagnosed with Hipohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia, attended at the clinic of special patients held in the extension project of the Federal Fluminense University. Methods: This is a clinical, observational and descriptive study where the restorative and rehabilitative treatment was conducted and reported corresponding to the functional and aesthetic needs of the patient. Results: It was  realized the reconstruction of the anatomical shape of the teeth 51 and 61 and also was made a partial removable prosthesis to cover the absence of the teeth 71, 72, 74, 81 and 82, offering function, aesthetics and satisfaction reported by the patient. Conclusion: This case reports contributed to the increase of knowledge about the forms of Ectodermal Dysplasia on the importance of the differential diagnosis of the same, as well as to the teaching of the extension project of undergraduate students.
Alternative therapies for denture stomatitis treatment: in vivo experimental model in rats
Authors: Teodoro Guilherme Rodrigues , Lima Gabriela de Morais Gouvêa , Silva Marina Bacelar , Lopes Patricia Carla , Hiraoka Cybelle Mori , Santana-Melo Gabriela de Fátima , Pereira Daniel Freitas Alves , Brighenti Fernanda Lourenção , Koga-Ito Cristiane Yumi
Published: March 2017

Background: Denture stomatitis (DS) is a multifactorial condition that commonly affects denture users and is mainly caused by Candida albicans. Due to the toxic effects of antifungal therapy, new therapies for DS are claimed. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of aqueous extract of Buchenavia tomentosa and sodium bicarbonate against C. albicans in a model of DS in rats. Material and Methods: An acrylic resin device simulating a denture base was fixed covering the palate of forty-eight male rats followed by candidiasis induction. Rats were divided into 4 groups (n=12): Control, sodium bicarbonate, B. tomentosa and nystatin (positive control). Each group was subdivided according to the period of treatment; 24 hours (n=6) and 48 hours (n=6). Animals were sacrificed and had their devices removed for C. albicans counts and SEM analysis. The palate mucosa was removed and processed for histopathologic analysis. Results: After 24 hours of treatment, both B. tomentosa and nystatin groups reduced significantly C. albicans counts when compared to control (nystatin x control, p<0.01; B. tomentosa x control, p=0.03). The results were confirmed by the histologic analysis. Conclusion: Both the aqueous extract of B. tomentosa and sodium bicarbonate was able to significantly decrease C. albicans counts in an experimental model of DS.
PENILAIAN BENTUK ADAPTASI MASYARAKAT TERHADAP HUNIAN DI KAWASAN RAWAN ROB DAN BANJIR KELURAHAN KEMIJEN
Authors: Kencana Aufa Dirgahayu , Yuliastuti Nany
Published: March 2017

Kelurahan Kemijen terletak di Kota pesisir Semarang memiliki tingkat kerentanan bencana yang tinggi. Tingginya tingkat kerentanan bencana tersebut memaksa orang untuk beradaptasi misalnya adalah dengan meninggikan rumah mereka meskipun warga Kelurahan Kemijen didominasi oleh masyarakat berpenghasilan rendah (MBR). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menilai adaptasi hunian (peninggian rumah) yang paling maksimal dilakukan masyarakat saat ini dalam menghadapi bencana banjir dan rob. Proses untuk mencapai tujuan ini adalah melalui observasi adaptasi hunian, wawancara stakeholder terkait adaptasi hunian, serta melalui kuesioner dilakukan terhadap 100 orang secara acak (proporsional stratified random sampling) kepada penduduk. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif untuk data yang berasal dari kuesioner dapat diolah dan dianalisis menggunakan analisis multi kriteria. Berdasarkan penilaian yang telah dilakukan menggunakan variabel kerentanan, finansial, kelayakan hunian, sosial budaya, ekonomi kawasan, dan kapasitas teknis, bentuk adaptasi yang paling maksimal adalah bentuk adaptasi peninggian lantai pada seluruh ruangan dengan ketinggian> 50 cm dengan nilai 0.805, peringkat kedua adalah bentuk adaptasi peninggian lantai disertai dengan pembangunan lantai dua yang mempunyai nilai 0,705, dan peringkat ketiga adalah bentuk adaptasi peninggian lantai pada sebagian ruangan yang mempunyai nilai 0,700.
Viral molecular and pathological investigations ofCanid herpesvirus1 infection associated respiratory disease and acute death in dogs
Authors: Piewbang Chutchai , Rungsipipat Anudep , Poovorawan Yong , Techangamsuwan Somporn
Published: March 2017

Canid herpesvirus1 (CaHV-1) is a member of the canine infectious respiratory disease complex (CIRDC). The outcome of CaHV-1 infection can be occasionally fatal. So far, no information on CaHV-1 circulation in Thailand has been reported resulting in a lack of preventive strategies. In this study, nasal (NS) and oropharyngeal (OS) swabs were collected from 100 live dogs with respiratory distress. Among them, 23 pleural effusions were aspirated. A panel of CIRDC-associated viruses was screened by (RT)-PCR, including CaHV-1, CIV, CPIV, CDV, CRCoV and CAdV-2, for all collected samples. The CaHV-1 was detected in 32 dogs. Additionally, CaHV-1 was consistently detected in six pleural effusions. Most CaHV-1 infected dogs were over 5 years of age (43.8%) and expressed a mild nasal discharge. Pathological results of four three-month-old puppies, naturally moribund from respiratory disease, revealed a severe multifocal necrotic-hemorrhagic disease in several organs without pathognomonic inclusion bodies. They were only found to be CaHV-1 positive by PCR. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated concordant results of CaHV-1 circulation in Thailand. Although mostly found as a co-infection with other CIRDC viruses (68.8%) it also occurred alone. Therefore, rapid ante-mortem diagnosis might facilitate the investigation of unclassical CaHV-1 infection, which is fatal in neonates and causes illness in annually core-vaccinated adults.