bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immigration and establishment of urban Trypanosoma cruzi populations
Authors: Berry Alexander S.F. , Salazar-Sánchez Renzo , Castillo-Neyra Ricardo , Borrini-Mayorí Katty , Chipana-Ramos Claudia , Vargas-Maquera Melina , Ancca-Juarez Jenny , Náquira-Velarde César , Levy Michael Z. , Brisson Dustin ,   Chagas Disease Working Group in Arequipa
Published: January 2019

Changing environmental conditions, including those caused by human activities, reshape biological communities through both loss of native species and establishment of non-native species in the altered habitats. Dynamic interactions with the abiotic environment impact both immigration and initial establishment of non-native species into these altered habitats. The repeated emergence of disease systems in urban areas worldwide highlights the importance of understanding how dynamic migratory processes affect the current and future distribution and abundance of pathogens in urban environments. In this study, we examine the pattern of invasion of Trypanosoma cruzi—the causative agent of human Chagas disease—in the city of Arequipa, Peru. Phylogenetic analyses of 136 T. cruzi isolates from Arequipa and other South American locations suggest that only one T. cruzi immigrant established a population in Arequipa as all T. cruzi isolated from vectors in Arequipa form a recent monophyletic group within the broader South American phylogeny. We discuss several hypotheses that may explain the limited number of established T. cruzi lineages despite multiple introductions of the parasite.

Author Summary

Human-associated pests and pathogens, who benefit from the abundance of humans and human-associated hosts or vectors, commonly invade environments altered by human activities. As the number and size of human-disturbed environments increase, so does the importance of identifying ecological and environmental factors that affect the probability that disease systems immigrate to, subsequently establish populations in, urban environments. We examined the number and timing of immigration and establishment events of Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease, in a currently endemic area. Phylogenetic analyses of 136 T. cruzi isolates suggests that the current population descended from a single, recent immigration event. We discuss historical and ecological hypotheses that can explain the limited T. cruzi diversity in this region.
Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of N-{2-[(E)-(4-methylbenzylidene)amino]phenyl}-2-(5-methyl-1-H-pyrazol-3-yl)acetamide hemihydrate
Authors: Chkirate Karim , Kansiz Sevgi , Karrouchi Khalid , Mague Joel T. , Dege Necmi , Essassi El Mokhtar
Published: January 2019

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C20H20N4O·0.5H2O, contains two independent organic molecules (1 and 2) and a water molecule of crystallization. The two molecules differ primarily in the dihedral angles between the aromatic rings, which are 7.79 (7) and 29.89 (7)° in molecules 1 and 2, respectively. In each molecule there is intramolecular C—H...O hydrogen bond forming an S(6) ring motif. In molecule 1 there is an intramolecular N—H...π(pyrazole) interaction and an intramolecular C—H...π(pyrazole) interaction present. Molecule 1 is linked to molecule 2 by a C—H...π(benzene ring) interaction. An intramolecular N—H...N hydrogen bond and an intramolecular C—H...N hydrogen bond are also present in molecule 2. In the crystal, the three components are linked by Owater—H...N, N—H...Owater and N—H...N hydrogen bonds, forming chains along the [100] direction. The chains are linked by C—H...O and C—H...N hydrogen bonds, forming layers parallel to the ab plane. Finally, the layers are linked by C—H...π interactions, forming a three-dimensional structure.
Crystal structures of [IrCl2(NHCHPh)((dppm)(C(N2dppm))-κ3
P,C,P′)]Cl·5.5MeCN and [IrI(NHCHPh)(((dppm)C(N2))-κ2
P,C)(dppm-κ2
P,P′)]I(I3)·0.5I2·MeOH·0.5CH2Cl2: triazene fragmentation in a PCN pincer iridium complex
Authors: Pauer Bettina , Partl Gabriel Julian , Oberparleiter Stefan , Schuh Walter , Kopacka Holger , Wurst Klaus , Peringer Paul
Published: January 2019

The structure of [IrCl2(C58H51N3P4)]Cl·5.5CH3CN or [IrCl2(NHCHPh)(((dppm)C(N2dppm))-κ
3P,C,P)]Cl·5.5CH3CN [3, dppm = bis(diphenylphosphino)methane; systematic name: dichlorido(1,1,3,3,7,7,9,9-octaphenyl-4,5-diaza-1,3λ5,7λ4,9-tetraphosphanona-3,5-dien-6-yl-κ2
P
1,P
9)(phenylmethanimine-κN)iridium(III) chloride acetonitrile hemihendecasolvate], resulting from an oxygen-mediated cleavage of a triazeneylidenephosphorane ligand producing a diazomethylenephosphorane and a nitrene moiety, which in turn rearrange via a Staudinger reaction and a 1,2-hydride shift to the first title complex, involves a six-coordinate IrIII complex cation coordinated by a facial PCP pincer ligand, a benzaldimine and two chlorido ligands. The pincer system features a five- and a seven-membered ring, with the central divalent carbon of the PCP pincer ligand being connected to a phosphine and a diazophosphorane. The chlorido ligands are positioned trans to the central carbon atom and to the phosphorus donor of the seven-membered ring of the pincer system, respectively. A chloride ion serves as counter-ion for the monocationic complex. The structure of [IrI(C26H22N2P2)(C26H22P2)(C6H7N)]I(I3)·0.5I2·CH3OH·0.5CH2Cl2 or [IrI(NHCHPh)((dppm)C(N2)-κ
2P,C)(dppm-κ
2P,P′)]I(I3)·0.5I2·CH3OH·0.5CH2Cl2 {4, systematic name: (4-diazo-1,1,3,3,-tetraphenyl-1,3λ4-diphosphabutan-4-yl-κP
1)iodido[methylenebis(diphenylphosphine)-κ2
P,P′](phenylmethanimine-κN)iridium(III) iodide–triiodide–dichloromethane–iodine–methanol (2/2/1/1/2)}, accessed via treatment of the triazeneylidenephosphorane complex [Ir((BnN3)C(dppm)-κ
3P,C,N)(dppm-κ
2P,P′)]Cl with hydroiodic acid, consists of a dicationic six-coordinate IrIII complex, coordinated by a bidentate diazomethylenephosphorane, a benzaldimine, a chelating dppm moiety and an iodido ligand. The phosphorus atoms of the chelating dppm are trans to the central carbon atom of the diazomethylenephosphorane and the iodide ligand, respectively. Both an iodide and a triiodide moiety function as counter-ions. The acetonitrile solvent molecules in 3 are severely disordered in position and occupation. In 4, the I3
− anion is positionally disordered (ratio roughly 1:1), as is the I− anion with a ratio of 9:1. The dichloromethane solvent molecule lies near a twofold rotation axis (disorder) and was refined with an occupancy of 0.5. Another disorder occurs for the solvent methanol with a 1:1 ratio.
Experimental study of the solubility and diffusivity of CO2 and O2 in RP-3 jet fuel
Authors: Li Chaoyue , Feng Shiyu , Shao Lei , Pan Jun , Liu Weihua
Published: January 2019

Purpose

This study aims to get the essential data of the solubility and diffusion coefficient of gas in jet fuel for appropriately designing a kind of on-board inert gas generation system.

Design/methodology/approach

A test apparatus based on pressure–decay method was constructed to measure solubility and diffusion coefficient of gas in liquid. The test apparatus and method were verified via measurement of solubility and diffusion of CO2 in the pure water.

Findings

The solubility of CO2 and O2 in RP-3 jet fuel with the temperature from 253 to 313 K under three various pressures were measured and compared with theoretical value calculated by a relative density method provided in the standard of ASTM D2780-92, and the deviation is within 10 per cent. The diffusion coefficients of CO2 and O2 in RP-3 jet fuel are determined by monitoring the gas pressure in a hermetic cell versus time with the temperature from 253 to 333 K. The measured diffusivity-temperature relation can be well fitted through the Arrhenius equation for engineering applications. The obtained correlation can be used to predict the diffusion coefficient of CO2 and O2 in RP-3 jet fuel under a wide temperature range.

Practical implications

The semi-empirical correlation of solubility and diffusion coefficient in RP-3 jet fuel obtained from the experimental data could be used to support the design of an inert gas generation system.

Originality/value

There are no essential data of solubility and diffusion of CO2 and O2 in RP-3 jet fuel; therefore, it is fatal if the quantity and rate of mass transfer of CO2 and O2 in RP-3 jet fuel must be assessed, e.g. during the design of green on-board inert gas generation system.
Participatory autism research with students at a UK university: evidence from a small-scale empirical project
Authors: Searle Kenneth Andrew , Ellis Liz , Kourti Marianthi , MacLeod Andrea , Lear Caroline , Duckworth Callum , Irvine Davide , Jones Harry , King Michaela , Ling Jessica , Simpson John
Published: January 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to address the benefits of a participatory approach to autism research, demonstrating the positive effects of giving autistic project assistants (PAs) the opportunity to design and undertake a project researching the experiences of autistic university students.

Design/methodology/approach

A participatory approach was implemented, engaging autistic university students as research assistants. All the research team except project co-ordinators were autistic. Undergraduate autistic students developed and conducted a set of semi-structured interviews, with two autistic alumni responsible for data analysis and both scheduling and moderating focus groups. Participation in dissemination of the findings was open to all.

Findings

The results included in this paper reflect a portion of the overall findings, specifically regarding the participatory approach. The findings of the study indicate the perceptions of respondents being interviewed by autistic researchers in relation to their shared understanding, facilitating positive feelings and a sense of rapport in the interview process. The PAs were able to improve their research skills through the project, which contributed constructively to their CV and allowed them to feel more positive about being autistic, and specifically about being an autistic researcher.

Originality/value

This paper is one of the first to discuss the challenges and benefits of including autistic participant researchers at all stages of the research project, including research design, data collection, analysis and dissemination, being co-written by both project co-ordinators and autistic project researchers.
Silent deaths: a commentary on new mortality data relating to volatile substance abuse in Great Britain
Authors: Leigh Victoria , MacLean Sarah
Published: January 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to provide a commentary on new information from the Office for National Statistics (ONS) on deaths caused by volatile substance abuse (VSA) in Great Britain which occurred between 2001 and 2016.

Design/methodology/approach

Comparing the new study with previous mortality data, the authors consider the strengths and some limitations of the analysis provided by ONS.

Findings

By utilising a broader range of codes and collating additional information from death certificates, the new report provides a more comprehensive measure of VSA mortality than was previously available, showing increasing prevalence of deaths. The age profile of people dying is older than in previous studies. Most deaths were associated with inhalation of gases and almost three-quarters of deaths involved volatile substances alone.

Practical implications

Understanding VSA mortality is essential for service planning. It is important that we identify why so many people whose deaths are associated with VSA are not accessing treatment, with particular concern about treatment access for those who only use volatiles. Training to support drug and alcohol and other health service staff to respond to VSA is essential. In future reports, data to identify socioeconomic correlations of VSA deaths would enable targeted responses. Additionally, information on whether deaths occur in long term rather than episodic or one-off users could enable risk reduction education.

Originality/value

This paper shows how data on VSA deaths may inform for policy and service planning.
Wealth measurement and the role of built asset investment: an empirical comparison
Authors: Ruddock Les , Ruddock Steven
Published: January 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to assess the role of investment in built assets in the achievement of economic growth as part of a wealth measurement approach and to undertake an analysis of the relative importance of such investment as part of a country’s overall capital asset portfolio.

Design/methodology/approach

Panel data on capital asset investment are used to compare groups of countries at different stages of development. Data sets on investment and capital levels from the Penn World Tables 9.0 are used. Population and gross domestic product data are taken from the same source and the UN Statistics Division. World Bank reports provide data on countries’ income group classification.

Findings

There is confirmation of the view that, as economies grow, a pattern of investment based on developing a different structure of capital asset portfolio occurs. Investment patterns similar to those found in advanced countries arise as low income countries move to higher income classification groups even though built assets remain the most valuable capital asset group.

Originality/value

The study provides time series evidence on the nature of changing capital investment patterns in countries’ economies and demonstrates the value of a wealth measurement approach.
“Tea girl and garden boy” bankers: exploring substantive equality in bankers’ narratives
Authors: Canham Hugo
Published: January 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore what narratives of inequality tell us about societal inequality both inside and outside of workplaces. It illuminates the intertwined fates of social agents and the productive potential of seeing organisational actors as social beings in order to advance resistance and substantive equality.

Design/methodology/approach

This research empirically examines narratives of inequality and substantive empowerment among a group of 25 black bankers within a major bank in Johannesburg, South Africa. Data were gathered through one-on-one interviews. The data were analysed using narrative analysis.

Findings

The findings indicate that narratives of organisational agents always contain fragments of personal and societal narratives. An intersectional lens of how people experience inequality allows us to work towards a more substantive kind of equality. Substantive equality of organisational actors is closely tied to the recognition and elimination of broader societal inequality.

Research limitations/implications

The implications for teaching and research are for scholars to methodically centre the continuities between the personal, organisational and societal in ways that highlight the productive tensions and possibilities for a more radical form of equality. Moreover, teaching, research and policy interventions should always foreground how the present comes to be constituted historically.

Practical implications

Policy and inclusivity interventions would be better served by using substantive empowerment as a theoretical base for deeper changes beyond what we currently conceive of as empowerment. At base, this requires policy makers and diversity practitioners to see all oppression and inequality as interconnected. Individuals are simultaneously organisational beings and societal agents.

Social implications

Third world approaches to diversity and inclusion need to be vigilant against globalised western notions of equity that are not contextually and historically informed. The failure of equity initiatives in SA means that alternative ideas and approaches are necessary.

Originality/value

The paper illustrates how individual narratives become social scripts of resistance. It develops a way for attaining substantive empowerment through the use of narrative approaches. It allows us to see that employees are also social agents.
Organizational and managerial challenges in the path toward Industry 4.0
Authors: Agostini Lara , Filippini Roberto
Published: January 2019

Purpose

Currently, the expectancy that surrounds the Fourth Industrial Revolution, commonly referred to as Industry 4.0 (I4.0), is huge. In this context, the purpose of this paper is to unveil whether and how organizational and managerial practices are associated to different levels of adoption of I4.0 technologies.

Design/methodology/approach

To reach this aim, the authors carried out a survey involving Italian manufacturing firms. Then, the authors used a cluster analysis andt-test to analyze data.

Findings

Results show that two clusters of firms based on their level of adoption of I4.0 technologies (high vs low) can be identified. Then, using at-test, the authors found statistically significant higher levels of a number of organizational and managerial practices for firms with a higher level of adoption of I4.0 technologies.

Practical implications

This paper contributes to the debate surrounding I4.0 by stressing the organizational and managerial challenges that firms willing to undertake an I4.0 transformation have to face, which goes beyond the sole application of I4.0 technologies.

Social implications

Entrepreneurs and managers need to be aware that the path toward I4.0 requires not only focusing on the application of the I4.0 technologies, but also on the development of a series of organizational and managerial practices that become key to face the fourth Industrial Revolution.

Originality/value

The authors posit here that I4.0 requires firms to bridge the capability gap, as well as overcome cultural barriers preventing entrepreneurs and managers to change their way of doing business. To this regard, this study highlights I4.0 is an all-encompassing paradigm that involves many dimensions of the firm.
A mapping study of employee innovation: proposing a research agenda
Authors: Bäckström Izabelle , Bengtsson Lars
Published: January 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to systematically explore the current understanding of the role of non-R&D and non-managerial employees in different phases and types of innovation, and to propose avenues for future research.

Design/methodology/approach

By conducting a mapping study and applying a critical discourse analysis, the phenomenon of “ordinary” employee innovation is explored across various fields, such as human resource management, psychology, economics, strategy, marketing and technology management. Proposals for future research are suggested based on the theoretical framework of dynamic capability, with the aim of further integrating employee innovation in the innovation management domain.

Findings

The findings illuminate five main themes that form the employee innovation discourse across various academic disciplines, namely, employee innovative work behavior, firm innovation performance, employee innovation processes, frontline service employees and management tools for employee innovation.

Originality/value

Unlike prior studies in the field of innovation management, this study specifically focuses on the employees without innovation-specific functions in organizations, or “ordinary” employees. Concerning the methodological lens of critical discourse analysis, the authors suggest forming the employee innovation discourse in an inclusive manner. Based on the theoretical lens of dynamic capability, a research agenda is proposed in which employee innovation research makes additional use of innovation processes and types, and takes into account the interactive processes and strong empirical evidence for relevant management tools.
Impact of human resource development (HRD) practices on pharmaceutical industry’s performance
Authors: Otoo Frank Nana Kweku , Otoo Evelyn Akosua , Abledu Godfred Kwame , Bhardwaj Akash
Published: January 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the mediating role of employee performance in the association between human resource development (HRD) practices and organizational performance.

Design/methodology/approach

An integrated research model was developed by combining principal factors from existing literature. Data were collected through questionnaire from 700 employees of the selected pharmaceutical industries. The validity of the model and hypotheses was tested using structural equation modeling. The reliability and validity of the dimensions are established through confirmatory factor analysis.

Findings

The results indicate that some HRD practices influence organizational performance through their impact on employee performance. The study further revealed that employee performance mediates the association between HRD practices and organizational performance.

Research limitations/implications

The research was undertaken in the pharmaceutical industry and the analysis is based on cross-sectional data, which cannot be generalized across a broader range of sectors.

Practical implications

The findings of the study have the potential to help policy makers, stakeholders and management of pharmaceutical industries in adopting properly and well-articulated HRD practices to enhance the quality of human capital and create sustainable competitive advantage.

Originality/value

This study extends the literature by adducing evidence empirically that employee performance mediated the association between HRD practices and organizational performance of the pharmaceutical industry in Ghana.
Community level approach to youth alcohol related risk
Authors: Dresler Emma , Anderson Margaret
Published: January 2019

Purpose

Young people drinking to extreme drunkenness is a source of concern for policy makers and health promoters. There are a variety of community groups who appear to respond to the alcohol-related problems. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the working practices and relationships among local community groups as part of the pre-intervention context-assessment process.

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing on the narratives of nine community workers and ten venue managers the authors examine the community level approach to inform the choice of interventions to reduce risky drinking practices and community wide alcohol-related harm.

Findings

There was considerable agreement across the community workers and venue managers about the nature of risk for young people in the night time economy (NTE). Two central themes of “perceived risk” and “management of risk” emerged from the data. Further, the community workers and venue managers identified different high-risk locations and strategies to improve their ability meet the needs of young people experiencing risk in the NTE. The local authorities, community organisations and night time operators adopted a broad proactive and connected approach to develop a coherent strategy to achieve new measures of safety in the NTE.

Originality/value

Applying the social ecological model to provide a framework for the understanding of the social, environmental and political factors that influence alcohol use in young people.
Parents as “stakeholders” and their conceptions of teaching excellence in English higher education
Authors: Wood Margaret , Su Feng
Published: January 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore parents as “stakeholders” in higher education in England and how they perceive teaching excellence.

Design/methodology/approach

The study adopted a qualitative research design using an interpretative approach through which the authors aimed to develop understandings of parents’ perspectives as higher education “stakeholders”. The empirical data were gathered via focus group interviews and an online survey with 24 participants in the UK.

Findings

This study found that the majority of parents wished to be treated as an important stakeholder group in higher education. Parent participants perceived that teaching excellence could be evidenced through indicators and measures, for example, the design and delivery of the courses, progress measures, contact hours, speed of return of marked work, graduate employability and so on. They also saw value and significance in the students’ exposure to ideas and perspectives not previously experienced, in zeal and passion in the teaching, and in an academically nurturing, understanding and supportive pedagogical relationship between academic and student.

Originality/value

This study uncovered some apparent tensions, contradictions and challenges for parents as stakeholders in higher education, for example, in reconciling the co-existence of their desire to be involved and engaged with scope for students to be formed as independent young adults. Parents’ desire to measure teaching excellence is also compounded by their concern that excellent teaching is thereby reduced to a box-ticking exercise. This study has implications for higher education institutions wishing to engage parents as a stakeholder group in a meaningful way.
I am an internationalising teacher
Authors: Poole Adam
Published: January 2019

Purpose

This paper was written in response to the tendency for the international education literature to position the international teacher in essentialist and western-centric terms. The international school landscape has changed significantly in the last 20 years, leading to the rise of type C non-traditional international schools, which requires a reconceptualisation of the international teacher. The purpose of this paper is to explore how a Chinese English teacher (Daisy) in an internationalised school in Shanghai constructed her identity as an international teacher.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper drew upon concepts from the teacher identity literature in order to construct a comparative conceptual framework comprised of personal, professional and cross-cultural domains of experience. Commensurate with this framework, in-depth phenomenological interviewing and member-checking were utilised in order to gain access to the participant’s lived experiences. Member-checking and data analysis became a dialogic and recursive process in which rapport was continually maintained and strengthened through the sharing of raw and analysed data, with additional comments and suggestions being fed back into an emerging interpretation in order to generate more data and enhance validity.

Findings

The findings highlighted how Daisy was active in not only constructing her identity as an international educator but also mobilising this identity to challenge the western-centric nature of international education. The findings also revealed moments of discursive dissonance. Daisy simultaneously constructed an identity as an “internationalising” teacher, but was also constructed as an international teacher through a discourse that presented international education as constructivist, and therefore western-centric, in nature. Implications and recommendations are made for practice and research based on these findings.

Originality/value

This paper offers an alternative perspective on the international teacher experience, which continues to be western-centric in focus, by exploring the development of an international teacher identity from a Chinese perspective.
Towards internal marketing practices in enhancing job engagement
Authors: Al-Weshah Ghazi A.
Published: January 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to explore the contribution of internal marketing (IM) practices in enhancing job engagement in Jordanian hospitals. Four dimensions of IM are considered in this study, namely, employees empowerment, employees motivation, information sharing and work environment.

Design/methodology/approach

The study adopts quantitative research design. In total, 200 self-administrated questionnaires are distributed to respondents in Jordanian hospitals using a convenient sample. Only 162 questionnaires were returned with a response rate of 81 per cent.

Findings

The study concludes that there is a significant effect of IM with its different dimensions on job engagement in Jordanian hospitals. However, employees’ motivation is the most important dimension for enhancing job engagement.

Practical implications

The study recommends that Jordanian hospitals have to focus on IM practices that motivate, empower and retain their employees.

Originality/value

The study provides practical evidence about IM philosophy in human resources development in health-care services.
Considering the legitimacy of homeless hostels as sites of discipline and regulation
Authors: Mahoney Ian
Published: January 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to critique the role of homeless hostels in contemporary society, examining their role and legitimacy as sites of discipline and regulation of behaviors, ideas and aspirations.

Design/methodology/approach

The research draws upon in-depth qualitative interviews and supplementary observations undertaken in two homeless hostels in Stoke-on-Trent.

Findings

The research finds that even the most benign interventions enacted in homeless hostels are infused with disciplinary and regulatory techniques and suggests that the author needs to consider the legitimacy and efficacy of such approaches when seeking to understand the role of the hostel in assisting residents in (re)developing their autonomy.

Research limitations/implications

While there are legitimate reasons for the deployment of such techniques in some cases, legitimacy can be undermined where expectations go unmet or where developing residents’ and service user’s needs are not necessarily the main object of the interventions.

Practical implications

Hostel providers need to consider the ethicality and legitimacy of the interventions in place when seeking to help service users and residents to (re)develop their autonomy and ensure that efforts are focused in an effective and meaningful way.

Social implications

Homeless people are among the most vulnerable and excluded in society. The paper seeks to draw attention to the disciplinary and regulatory techniques to which they are subject in order to ensure that approaches employed to support homeless individuals have a clear, ethical and legitimate basis.

Originality/value

The research draws upon original data collected as part of a doctoral research project into wider experiences of unemployment.
Pressure generation in rough conical bearing using non-Newtonian Rabinowitsch fluid with variable viscosity
Authors: Rao Pentyala Srinivasa , Rahul Amit Kumar
Published: January 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the effect of surface roughness (radial and azimuthal) and viscosity variation on a squeeze film of a conical bearing with a non-Newtonian lubricant by using Rabinowitsch fluid model.

Design/methodology/approach

The main objective is to determine the stochastic nonlinear modified Reynolds equation for rough conical bearing. Later, first-order closed-form solutions are obtained using a small perturbation method and are numerically solved using the Gauss quadrature method.

Findings

The findings of this paper, numerical calculations, are analyzed for pressure, load carrying capacity and response time. The simulated results indicate that the influence of surface roughness increases the pressure, load carrying capacity and response time, whereas the viscosity variation factor decreases the pressure, load and response time.

Originality/value

According to both types of surface roughness with viscosity variation, the performance of a squeeze film rough conical bearing was improved by using Rabinowitsch fluid model. As it is inevitable to consider viscosity variation for bearing designer, it leads to a long life period of conical bearing.
Suicide in young people
Authors: Caan Woody
Published: January 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to relate the health services’ prevention imperative to a new priority area, youth suicide.

Design/methodology/approach

The content is based on the latest UK policy documents and participation in recent events for policy-makers.

Findings

Suicide among young people is increasing, and traditional approaches are not reducing these deaths. Involving young people as researchers or trainers has been helpful, and policy-makers need to address the present social and cultural risk factors.

Research limitations/implications

Evidence differs between countries, and a local context may be important.

Practical implications

In the UK, local profiles are being developed and there is an increasing need identified for relevant training for a wide range of professionals.

Social implications

The participation of young people in developments may be emancipatory, for all concerned.

Originality/value

Because this year, young persons’ mental health will be an international priority, this may be the time to galvanise action for improved planning and resources for the prevention of youth suicide.
Audit committee, internal audit function and earnings management: evidence from Jordan
Authors: Alzoubi Ebraheem Saleem Salem
Published: January 2019

Purpose

This study aims to examine the influence of audit committee existence and internal audit function on the earnings management of companies.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper uses generalised least squares regression to investigate the influence of audit committee existence, internal audit function and the interaction of these two mechanisms on earnings management for a sample of 86 industrial companies listed on the Amman Stock Exchange over a four-year period from 2007 to 2010. The paper uses the extent of discretionary accruals as the proxy for earnings management.

Findings

This paper finds that audit committee existence and the internal audit function reduce the level of earnings management. The number of meetings between the audit committee and internal audit function also reduces discretionary accruals. Overall, this study finds that audit committee existence and internal audit function decrease earnings management and improve the financial reporting quality.

Originality/value

The main contribution of this study is that it investigates the combined effects of audit committee existence and internal auditors on earnings management. Furthermore, this study is the initial paper to examine the impact of audit committee and internal audit on earnings management in Jordan.
Perceptions of risk on vacation among visitors to Istanbul
Authors: Ozascilar Mine , Mawby Rob I. , Ziyalar N.
Published: January 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to focus on the perceptions of risk from specific crimes held by tourists at the start of their vacation in the Turkish city of Istanbul.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper describes findings from Phase 1 of a two-phase research programme, during which 210 arrivals at the Ataturk airport were asked about their perceptions of their safety from crime while in the city and their intentionsvis-à-visthe adoption (or otherwise) of basic safety precautions, using a 32-question self-completion questionnaire.

Findings

The findings confirm those of earlier studies that tourists, unlike citizens in general, tend to have low expectations of their vulnerability to crime. However, variables associated with fear in conventional surveys were not generally related to the perceptions of risk. The clearest association was between prior knowledge of crime in Istanbul and perceptions of risk. The lack of any strong relationship between perceptions of risk and intent to adopt safety precautions is then discussed.

Research limitations/implications

The study is limited to visitors to one city and to English-speaking tourists.

Practical implications

The implication here is that if tourist centres wish to reduce crime it is not sufficient to focus on “educating” tourists on the dangers, but that more emphasis should be placed on crime prevention methods that put the onus on the host environment.

Social implications

From a criminological perspective, two points appear particularly important. First, the relationship between fear (in all its manifestations) and risk is not constant. It may differ in different physical and social contexts. Second, if, following routine activity theory, policy makers wish to focus on changing people’s behaviour in order to maximise their safety, in different contexts different publics may vary in their willingness or resistance to change.

Originality/value

This study is original as it focusses on tourists to a specific destination at the beginning of their holiday.
Back to basics: building a knowledge management system
Authors: Yee Yann Mey , Tan Cheng Ling , Thurasamy Ramayah
Published: January 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to discuss the necessity of building a knowledge management system in today’s knowledge economy by focusing on human capital management, choice of tools, and how knowledge processes affect an organization’s strategic capabilities.

Design/methodology/approach

Analyzing several theoretical models in the area of knowledge management and explaining how motivation and choice of tools can improve utilization of knowledge management system.

Findings

Building a knowledge management system is recommended for transitioning into data analytics to capture business trends in the knowledge economy. Motivation and choice of tools are important to determine the utilization of a knowledge management system.

Practical implications

This paper presents practical issues and provides insights into building and using a knowledge management system in today’s organizations.

Originality/value

This paper justifies the need of knowledge management system and presents the issues and solutions to integrate knowledge management system into an organization.
SMEs’ social and environmental initiatives in Indonesia: an institutional and resource-based analysis
Authors: Famiola Melia , Wulansari Amia
Published: January 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to explore the motivation of social and environmental initiatives among small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Indonesia.

Design/methodology/approach

Using institutional and resource-based theory, this study uses qualitative approach, and data were collected by interviewing 17 SMEs owners who adopt social and environmental initiatives in their business.

Findings

This study found that SME engagement in social and environmental practices is more by the intrinsic values of the owners with strong morality-based motives than the organisational need for competitive advantage. This finding indicates that the SME owner's personal values are translated into corporate values with limited consideration for organisational capacity. Nevertheless, there are various antecedent factors related to SMEs' social and environmental engagement. SMEs' social motives are driven more by the religious values of the owners, while environmental initiatives are generated as a result of the internalisation of knowledge and insight from the education system of the owners.

Practical implications

This study finding revealed that experiences of SME owners during their school time significantly affect their environmental interests. Accordingly, the authors argued that the education for sustainable development agendas should be thoughtfully designed in higher education's curriculum and ecosystem. So, the mindset of social and environmental awareness had been cultivated as the core value of future entrepreneurs.

Originality/value

The paper describes antecedent factors of social and environmental interests of SMEs in Indonesia.
Facebook fan page management for global airlines
Authors: Baghirov Fakhri , Zhang Ye , Hashim Noor Hazarina
Published: January 2019

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the adoption and performance of Facebook fan pages (FFPs) among global airline companies in developed, least developed and developing countries.

Design/methodology/approach

Diffusion of innovations theory has been applied as the underlying theory in this study. By using content analysis, data were collected from the official FFPs of global airlines.

Findings

Results show no significant difference in FFP adoption among global airline companies in developed, least developed and developing countries. However, there is a significant difference in performance and timing of adoption of FFP between the countries. Airlines from developed countries adopted FFP three years earlier than developing countries and performed better than airlines from developing and least developed countries.

Research limitations/implications

Because FFP is studied with limited variables, future studies can expand to other social networking sites and explore more variables to get reliable results.

Practical implications

Academically, this study adds to internet and technology implementation literature. Finding of poor performance on FFP implementation among airlines in developing and least developed countries could draw attention to increased engagement with fans and improve FFP performance in the future. To successfully use Facebook, airline companies should establish a two-way communication and respond to their fans.

Originality/value

This paper fulfils an identified need to study the difference in using FFPs among global airline companies in developed, least developed and developing countries.
The shared decision making of older adults in healthcare
Authors: Pusey Emilia , Tinker Anthea , Lucivero Federica
Published: January 2019

Purpose

The research question is: what are older adults’ experiences of shared decision making (SDM) in a healthcare setting? This involved exploring older adults’ experiences and opinions of decision making in a healthcare setting, and understanding what SDM means to older adults. The paper aims to discuss this issue.

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative study using face-to-face, semi-structured interviews with adults over 65 years was conducted. Thematic analysis was used.

Findings

Three broad themes were identified which ascribed roles to individuals involved in decision making. This includes the way in which older adults felt they should be involved actively: by asking questions and knowing their own body. The doctors’ role was described as assistive by facilitating discussion, giving options and advice. The role of the family was also explored; older adults felt the family could impact on their decisions in both a direct and indirect way. There was some confusion about what constituted a decision.

Research limitations/implications

This was a small qualitative study in a market town in England.

Practical implications

Clinicians should facilitate the involvement of older adults in SDM and consider how they can increase awareness of this. They should also involve the family in decision making.

Originality/value

There are limited studies which look at this issue in depth.
Petitions, Polling Stations and Paisley: the First Outworking of the Recall of MPs Act 2015
Authors: Tonge Jonathan
Published: January 2019

The Recall of MPs Act 2015 allows constituents to petition for their MP to be unseated. A petition of recall is opened, for six weeks, if an MP has received a custodial sentence or been suspended from the House of Commons for ten or more sitting days. Should 10 per cent of constituents sign the petition, a by‐election is required, which the deposed MP has the right to contest. The first test of the Act came in 2018, when Ian Paisley, MP for North Antrim, was suspended from the Commons for thirty days. This article examines how the Act was implemented and assesses whether procedural oddities played any part in the petition failing to attract sufficient signatures to trigger a by‐election.
Detecting Wahlund effects together with amplification problems: Cryptic species, null alleles and short allele dominance in Glossina pallidipes populations from Tanzania
Authors: Manangwa Oliver , De Meeûs Thierry , Grébaut Pascal , Ségard Adeline , Byamungu Mechtilda , Ravel Sophie
Published: January 2019

Population genetics is a convenient tool to study the population biology of non‐model and hard to sample species. This is particularly true for parasites and vectors. Heterozygote deficits and/or linkage disequilibrium often occur in such studies and detecting the origin of those (Wahlund effect, reproductive system or amplification problems) is uneasy. We used new tools (correlation between the number of times a locus is found in significant linkage disequilibrium and its genetic diversity, correlations between Wright's FIS and FST, FIS and number of missing data, FIT and allele size and standard errors comparisons) for the first time on a real data set of tsetse flies, a vector of dangerous diseases to humans and domestic animals in sub‐Saharan Africa. With these new tools, and cleaning data from null allele, temporal heterogeneity and short allele dominance effects, we unveiled the coexistence of two highly divergent cryptic clades in the same sites. These results are in line with other studies suggesting that the biodiversity of many taxa still largely remain undescribed, in particular pathogenic agents and their vectors. Our results also advocate that including individuals from different cohorts tends to bias subdivision measures and that keeping loci with short allele dominance and/or too frequent missing data seriously jeopardize parameter's estimations. Finally, separated analyses of the two clades suggest very small tsetse densities and relatively large dispersal.
The slow force response to stretch: Controversy and contradictions
Authors: Dowrick Jarrah M. , Tran Kenneth , Loiselle Denis S. , Nielsen Poul M. F. , Taberner Andrew J. , Han June‐Chiew , Ward Marie‐Louise
Published: January 2019

When exposed to an abrupt stretch, cardiac muscle exhibits biphasic active force enhancement. The initial, instantaneous, force enhancement is well explained by the Frank‐Starling mechanism. However, the cellular mechanisms associated with the second, slower phase remain contentious. This review explores hypotheses regarding this “slow force response” with the intention of clarifying some apparent contradictions in the literature. The review is partitioned into three sections. The first section considers pathways that modify the intracellular calcium handling to address the role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in the mechanism underlying the slow force response. The second section focuses on extracellular calcium fluxes and explores the identity and contribution of the stretch‐activated, non‐specific, cation channels as well as signalling cascades associated with G‐protein coupled receptors. The final section introduces promising candidates for the mechanosensor(s) responsible for detecting the stretch perturbation.
Revisit China's Lewis Turning Point: An Analysis from a Regional Perspective
Authors: Wei Zheng , Kwan Fung
Published: January 2019

China's significantly slower economic growth since 2012 has been attributed to the passing of its Lewis turning point and the depletion of surplus labor in rural agriculture. At the same time, some export‐oriented labor‐intensive manufacturers have moved their factories from coastal to inland cities. Against this background, we re‐examine China's Lewis turning point and highlight the regional variations in economic development. Our analysis shows that China's eastern and north‐eastern regions passed the turning point by 2010, while the central region is approaching this point and the western region remains far from it. However, only 6 provinces have passed the turning point. These findings indicate the need to focus on noticeable regional and provincial variations in China's economic development.