bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Post‐stapedotomy dizziness after applying topical steroid on footplate: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Barati Behrouz , Shahzamani Arvin , Tabrizi Ali Goljanian , Asadi Mahboobe
Published: May 2024

Background

Otosclerosis is characterized by abnormal bone growth in the otie capsule. Nowadays, stapedotomy is commonly used for otosclerosis treatment. Currently, postoperative dizziness has been associated with stapedotomy. In 1981, intratympanic dexamethasone was utilized to manage inner ear disorders like tinnitus and acute sensorineural hearing loss. However, there is much uncertainty regarding the effect and safety of topical steroid therapy in the middle ear during stapedotomy. In the present study, we assessed the effect of topical steroid therapy during stapedotomy on postoperative dizziness.

Methods

Otosclerosis patients eligible for stapedotomy were randomly divided into two groups based on dexamethasone administration or placebo. Audiometric and tympanometry results were observed and recorded for the involved frequencies. The Dizziness Handicap Inventory was used to quantify patient perceptions of dizziness and balance issues. Audiometry and dizziness assessments were repeated at discharge and 4 months after the operation.

Results

The study comprised 72 otosclerosis patients undergoing stapedotomy. At discharge, the intervention group showed a significant reduction in the incidence of dizziness compared to the placebo group. However, in the 4‐month follow‐up after the operation, both groups experienced a decrease in dizziness incidence, with no significant difference between them. There was also no significant difference in audiometric levels between the two groups. Interestingly, the intervention group had a significantly lower need for systemic anti‐dizziness drugs after surgery compared to the control group.

Conclusion

Topical dexamethasone during stapedotomy effectively minimizes dizziness at discharge and reduces the need for postoperative anti‐dizziness medication.

Level of evidence

2.
CEO industry tournament, investor attention, and company value
Authors: Jiang Ying , Jiang Xiuqi , Deng Wendan
Published: May 2024

Based on the emerging capital market of China, this paper uses the data of Chinese listed companies to test the market value management behavior of CEOs under the incentive of industry tournaments. The empirical results show that the CEOs industry tournament improves the value of listed companies by attracting investor attention. In the test of the incentive mechanism of the industry tournament, we find that in the samples with lower industry mobility and state ownership and where the CEO is new, retiring, or a founder, the industry pay gap has a weaker incentive effect on the CEO. In the test of the CEOs' efforts to manage investor attention, this paper finds that CEOs are incentivized to disclose more financial and nonfinancial information, increase advertising spending, and hold more shareholder meetings. Discussed with other incentives, compensation incentives and equity incentives enhance the motivational role of industry championships for CEOs. This study explores in depth the possible impact of industry tournaments on CEO behavioral decisions and also provides a new perspective for corporate to manage investor attention. This provides important reference value for corporate CEO compensation, information disclosure supervision, and investor decision‐making.
Normal form and Hopf bifurcation for the memory‐based reaction‐diffusion equation with nonlocal effect
Authors: An Qi , Gu Xinyue , Zhang Xuebing
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we provide the normal form for the Hopf bifurcation of a class of the reaction‐diffusion equation with memory‐based diffusion and nonlocal effect, where the delay is present in the differential term, similar to the chemotaxis model with time delay. The eigenvalue problems and the decomposition of the phase space are discussed in detail. Through a series of variable transformations, we obtain the third‐order truncated normal form of the model constrained on the central manifold and its equivalent equation in polar coordinates. Then, with the help of the dynamic analysis for the finite dimensional equations, the key parameters for determining the direction and stability of the Hopf bifurcation are given. These theoretical results are applied to the Bazykin's model, the stability, Turing bifurcation and Hopf bifurcation of the equilibrium are demonstrated through both theoretical and numerical methods.
The disease recurrence perception scale for patients with inflammatory bowel disease: Instrument development and cross‐sectional validation study
Authors: Xu Yanhong , Li Xiaona , Liu Wenjing , Jiang Yunxia , Zheng Taohua , Xu Guangyi , Hu Danqing , Liu Ting
Published: May 2024

Disease recurrence perception plays a key role in disease management and subsequent disease recurrence prevention. However, there are no specific tools for assessing disease recurrence perception in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) characterized by alternating remission and recurrence. To develop and validate an instrument for measuring disease recurrence perception of patients with IBD, the study was conducted in two steps: (1) instrument development and (2) psychometric tests. A total of 623 patients with IBD participated in the study. The common sense model of illness self‐regulation (CSM) was used as a framework for instrument development. The administered version contained 48 items intended to be relevant to at least one of the six dimensions of the model. Based on preliminary analyzes, 12 items were deleted leaving 36 items for more detailed psychometric and factor analyzes. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the total 36‐item instrument was 0.915. The content validity indexes at item and scale levels were satisfactory. The test‐retest reliability of the total instrument was 0.870. Exploratory principal components analysis (n = 278) was used to identify six components congruent with intended CSM constructs that accounted for 62.6% of total item variance. Confirmatory factor analysis (n = 345) found acceptable fit for the six factor measurement model (χ2/df = 1.999, GFI = 0.846, NFI = 0.855, IFI = 0.922, TLI = 0.910, CFI = 0.921, RMSEA = 0.054). Overall, the DRPSIBD demonstrated satisfactory reliability and validity to warrant further development as a measure of disease recurrence perception of patients with IBD.
Marine bryozoan colonization of terrestrial biomineralized tissues: Taphonomic insights and forensic implications
Authors: Guareschi Edda E. , Magni Paola A.
Published: May 2024

The taphonomy and diagenesis of bone and teeth recovered from any environments provide crucial information for forensic sciences and investigations. This leads to the estimation of the postmortem interval (PMI) and the postmortem submersion interval (PMSI) of the organism/s. Aquatic taxa can induce macroscopic and microscopic alterations in biomineralized tissues (e.g., grooves) or can colonize them by attachment (e.g., Bryozoa). Bryozoa are tiny invertebrates that form colonies in freshwater and saltwater. They can survive for years as suspension feeders in all climates. Most marine Bryozoa species have a biomineralized exoskeleton that can be preserved after their death. This research analyzes eight fragments of archeological elephant ivory with a known PMSI of 314 years, which were inhabited by three distinct bryozoan colonies. The variations in the preservation of the bryozoan exoskeletons and the overgrowth of different marine taxa reveal that one colony (lichenoporid cyclostomatid) was alive at the time of the ivory collection from the submerged archeological site while the two other colonies (cheilostomatid) had previously died at different times. The primary objective of this observation is to contribute to the understanding of the taphonomy of terrestrial mammalian biomineralized tissues recovered in marine environments. Additionally, the study discusses the potential forensic implications of this association, such as the evidence of marine submersion and the PMSI. A secondary objective is to present the Bryozoa colonies within a distinctive depositional context, considering that many bryozoan species of the Western Australian coast remain undescribed. The complexity of the Bryozoa ecobiology is also highlighted, with the need of further research (e.g., minimum time for colonization). Finally, this study highlights the urgency of multidisciplinary collaboration to advance aquatic forensic capabilities.
Megalin‐related mechanism of hemolysis‐induced acute kidney injury and the therapeutic strategy
Authors: Goto Sawako , Hosojima Michihiro , Kabasawa Hideyuki , Arai Kaho , Takemoto Kazuya , Aoki Hiroyuki , Komochi Koichi , Kobayashi Ryota , Sugita Nanako , Endo Taeko , Kaseda Ryohei , Yoshida Yutaka , Narita Ichiei , Hirayama Yoshiaki , Saito Akihiko
Published: May 2024

Hemolysis‐induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is attributed to heme‐mediated proximal tubule epithelial cell (PTEC) injury and tubular cast formation due to intratubular protein condensation. Megalin is a multiligand endocytic receptor for proteins, peptides, and drugs in PTECs and mediates the uptake of free hemoglobin and the heme‐scavenging protein α1‐microglobulin. However, understanding of how megalin is involved in the development of hemolysis‐induced AKI remains elusive. Here, we investigated the megalin‐related pathogenesis of hemolysis‐induced AKI and a therapeutic strategy using cilastatin, a megalin blocker. A phenylhydrazine‐induced hemolysis model developed in kidney‐specific mosaic megalin knockout (MegKO) mice confirmed megalin‐dependent PTEC injury revealed by the co‐expression of kidney injury molecule‐1 (KIM‐1). In the hemolysis model in kidney‐specific conditional MegKO mice, the uptake of hemoglobin and α1‐microglobulin as well as KIM‐1 expression in PTECs was suppressed, but tubular cast formation was augmented, likely due to the nonselective inhibition of protein reabsorption in PTECs. Quartz crystal microbalance analysis revealed that cilastatin suppressed the binding of megalin with hemoglobin and α1‐microglobulin. Cilastatin also inhibited the specific uptake of fluorescent hemoglobin by megalin‐expressing rat yolk sac tumor‐derived L2 cells. In a mouse model of hemolysis‐induced AKI, repeated cilastatin administration suppressed PTEC injury by inhibiting the uptake of hemoglobin and α1‐microglobulin and also prevented cast formation. Hemopexin, another heme‐scavenging protein, was also found to be a novel ligand of megalin, and its binding to megalin and uptake by PTECs in the hemolysis model were suppressed by cilastatin. Mass spectrometry‐based semiquantitative analysis of urinary proteins in cilastatin‐treated C57BL/6J mice indicated that cilastatin suppressed the reabsorption of a limited number of megalin ligands in PTECs, including α1‐microglobulin and hemopexin. Collectively, cilastatin‐mediated selective megalin blockade is an effective therapeutic strategy to prevent both heme‐mediated PTEC injury and cast formation in hemolysis‐induced AKI. © 2024 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
The impact of levofloxacin prophylaxis on empiric intravenous antibiotic use in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients
Authors: Prodanuk Michael , Timberlake Kathryn , Koo Alicia , Chopra Yogi , Wall Donna A. , Science Michelle
Published: May 2024

Levofloxacin prophylaxis during periods of neutropenia in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) may reduce the number of febrile episodes and use of empiric intravenous antibiotics (EIA); however, the literature is conflicting. This retrospective review compared EIA use before and after implementation of levofloxacin prophylaxis at a children's hospital. Levofloxacin prophylaxis was associated with reduced use of certain EIA; however, did not reduce the number of positive blood cultures or clinical deteriorations. Therefore, levofloxacin prophylaxis may have implications for the stewardship of broad‐spectrum intravenous antibiotics used in pediatric HSCT.
Development of sunflower husk reinforced polypropylene based sustainable composites: An experimental investigation of mechanical and thermal performance
Authors: Irez Alaeddin Burak
Published: May 2024

Climate change, shrinking resources, and rising raw material costs have pushed the industry to create more sustainable, and lightweight materials. Natural fiber composites are materials of interest for replacing conventional materials such as steel. Sunflower husks (SH), among many other natural fibers, are readily accessible as agricultural waste and have advantageous properties. In this study, sunflower husks were mixed with polypropylene (PP) matrix using a twin‐screw extruder, and then tests specimens for experimental characterizations were manufactured through injection molding. The tensile tests revealed that the inclusion of SH into PP decreased the load‐bearing capacity of the composites by around 20% and increased their impact resistance by over 200%, while reducing the ductility by about eight times. Moreover, magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) was incorporated into the composites as a flame retardant, and it has improved the stiffness and impact resistance of the composites. Besides, incorporation of SH and Mg(OH)2 elevated significantly the glass transition temperature of the composites. The use of Mg(OH)2 delayed 60% the flame retention of the composites observed from UL‐94 HB flammability testing. In summary, they could be suitable for components such as spare wheel wells, seat backs, trunk floor, the acoustic panel behind the door, and airbag housing.
Indigenous and colonial influences on Amazonian forests
Authors: Nascimento Majoi N. , Aukes Teye F. N. , McMichael Crystal N. H.
Published: May 2024

Societal Impact Statement

Global climate models that incorporate carbon sources and sinks usually consider that forest uptake of carbon is in a state of equilibrium. Both historical and paleoecological records suggest that this is commonly not the case for Amazonia. Here, the impacts of colonial practices on Amazonian Indigenous peoples and forests are reviewed. Human activities affect forests' successional stages, trajectories, and species composition. By increasing the spatial coverage of paleoecological records that focus on pre‐ and post‐Columbian periods, the long‐term interactions between humans and Amazonian forests and their role in affecting Earth's climate may be better understood.

Legacy effects left by the activities of Indigenous people in Amazonia are well known. Although severe, widespread, and recently occurring, the impacts left post‐1492 CE have been less investigated. We review the impact of colonial practices on Indigenous peoples and Amazonian forests. We suggest that forests comprise the sum of their past events, in a mosaic of different cumulative successional trajectories depending on the type, frequency, intensity, and timing of human influence. In regions with a history of minimal human influence, old‐growth species sensitive to fire would be the dominant landscape. In regions with high pre‐Columbian and low colonial influence, old‐growth forests carrying pre‐Columbian ecological legacies would be prevalent. Regions occupied by Indigenous groups post‐1492 CE would also carry similar ecological legacies. In regions influenced by the Jesuits, mid‐successional forests are expected to be enriched with cacao trees. In regions of latex extraction during the rubber boom, mid‐growth forests would present high abundances of early and mid‐successional species and depletion of some species. In deforested areas, we expect early successional forests with influence of exotic useful species. This patchwork of history probably plays a large role in shaping today's forests, and the biodiversity and carbon dynamics documented within them. Paleoecological work focusing on the last millennium, although scarce, has the potential to detect these mosaics of past human influence, and they should be considered when estimating forest ages and successional stages across the basin.
Retrospective on the risk matrix, part II: Mathematics
Authors: Moseman James A.
Published: May 2024

We present a review of mathematical and engineering science foundation of the risk matrix (RM). The objective was to locate and evaluate information surrounding its use. RM is governed by number theory, set theory, metrology, and functional analysis, which explains the strengths and weakness of its use. Although incorrectly reported, ordinal multiplication rigidly sets the cell numeric allocation. No scientific support was found for changing the ordinal ranks, although one reduction is introduced. Existing evidence suggests that the RM is unreliable. An example is given. Suggestions for beneficial use of the RM are provided.
Implications of grouping per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances for contaminated site regulation
Authors: Bowles Karl C. , Anderson Janet K. , Anderson Richard (Hunter) , Bani Bahman , Barnes Craig M. , Brusseau Mark , Cousins Ian T. , Cushing Pamela , DiGuiseppi Bill , Gray Bruce , Higgins Christopher P. , Mueller Jochen , Ross Ian , Thomas Shaun , Thrasher Jane , Tremblay Cynthia
Published: May 2024

Per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a broad group of persistent organic compounds with vastly differing physicochemical and toxicological properties. Some jurisdictions have proposed to regulate PFAS as a single class to overcome the limitations of regulating such a diverse group on a chemical‐by‐chemical basis. Implications of regulating PFAS as a single class have been discussed for PFAS production and use, but equivalent discussion of implications for managing contaminated sites is largely lacking. This opinion piece summarizes the views of a group of environmental consultants, environmental regulators, land managers, and academics with significant experience in researching or managing PFAS. The group considered that neither a single PFAS class approach nor a chemical‐by‐chemical approach is well suited to managing risks from PFAS in a contaminated site setting, and defining PFAS subgroups would have value. Second, some but not all in the group, hypothesize that PFAS properties that drive fate and transport are those that influence toxicity and bioaccumulation in animals. This may be a valuable observation for future discussions on dividing PFAS into subclasses for contaminated site regulation based on physicochemical properties rather than purely structural definitions.
Energy‐consumption model for rotary‐wing drones
Authors: Li Hongqi , Zhan Zhuopeng , Wang Zhiqi
Published: May 2024

With technological advancement, the use of drones in delivery systems has become increasingly feasible. Many companies have developed rotary‐wing drone (RWD) technologies for parcel delivery. At present, the limited endurance is the main disadvantage of RWD delivery. The energy consumption of RWDs must be carefully managed, and it is necessary to develop an effective energy‐consumption model to support RWD flight planning. Because the interaction between the forces on the RWD and its flying environment is very complex, it is challenging to estimate accurately the RWD energy consumption. This study summarizes several energy‐consumption models proposed in the literature, then we develop an RWD energy‐consumption model (called the integrated model) based on analyzing the dynamic equilibrium of forces and power consumption in flight phases (including climb, descent, hover, and horizontal flight). Computational experiments involving several commercial RWDs indicate that the integrated model is more effective than several models in the literature. In the case where an RWD completed one flight segment, on average, 87.63% of the battery capacity was consumed in the horizontal flight phase. We also analyzed the effects of the total mass and horizontal airspeed on the RWD endurance and found that a larger mass corresponded to shorter endurance, and in the experimental range of the horizontal airspeed, a higher horizontal airspeed corresponded to longer endurance. Moreover, the total mass affected the RWD endurance more significantly than the horizontal airspeed.
How low is too low? Partnering with stakeholders and managers to define ecologically based low‐flow thresholds in a perennial temperate river
Authors: Rack Laura E. , Freeman Mary C. , Emanuel Ben N. , Craig Laura S. , Golladay Stephen W. , Yang Carol , Wenger Seth J.
Published: May 2024

Managing aquatic ecosystems for people and nature can be improved by collaboration among scientists, managers, decision‐makers, and other stakeholders. Many collaborative and interdisciplinary approaches have been developed to address the management of freshwater ecosystems; however, there are still barriers to overcome. We worked as part of a regional stakeholder group comprising municipal water utility operators, conservation organizations, academic partners, and other stakeholders to understand the effects of low‐flow and drought on ecological functions of the upper Flint River, Georgia (USA), a free‐flowing river important for municipal water supply, recreation, and native biota. We used published literature and locally targeted studies to identify quantitative flow targets that could be used to inform water management and drought planning. Drawing from principles of Translational Ecology, we relied on an iterative process to develop information needs for the group and maintained communication and engagement throughout data collection, analysis, and synthesis. We identified three quantitative flow benchmarks to evaluate the ecological impacts of drought in the river. The results were valuable to both the water utilities represented in the working group and State regional water planning, which is used to guide water management strategies and permitting for the basin. We identified principles that were important for the successful engagement in the working group and helped to overcome the challenge of working across sectors and without direct authority guiding the implementation of our work. Interdisciplinary work and creative solutions are crucial to plan for and adapt to greater pressure on our water resources.
Exploring public voice on social media: Twitter Users' views on the circular economy
Authors: Eid Mohammad Al Haj , Dandis Ala' Omar , Cathro Virginia , Parackal Mathew
Published: May 2024

This paper aims to explore all the ideas and topics associated with the discussion about the circular economy on social media sites. All tweets mentioning the CE were collected and subjected to latent Dirichlet allocation topic modelling to identify discussion themes manual validation refined topic coherence. Findings offer novel empirical insights into how the CE is currently framed in public discourse. Dominant themes emphasise strategic communication and technical CE activities rather than inclusive participation. Gaps were also identified, such as limited discussion of CE's social role and broader activities beyond recycling. By quantitatively examining large‐scale online discussions, this research makes an original contribution to establishing the neglected social dimension of CE transitions. The findings carry essential theoretical implications for refining CE conceptualisations better to integrate socio‐cultural factors critical for just, systemic change. Practically, the study equips decision‐makers with data‐driven guidance on developing more participatory communication approaches and policies promoting the CE. This study transitions research and advances the scholarship of the circular economy by using a mixed‐methods approach to analyse a crucial but little‐studied stakeholder perspective.
Navigating governance with sticks, carrots, and sermons: Paving paths for sustainable development goals through local spatial planning
Authors: David Nuno M. , Loupa‐Ramos Isabel , Silva Jorge B.
Published: May 2024

The 2030 Agenda underscores the vital role of local authorities and civil society in implementing sustainable development goals (SDGs). Aligning with this agenda, the EU's spatial development framework imparts normative values, emphasizing sustainable territorial development, participatory governance, and multi‐level cooperation. This framework serves as a potential facilitator for spatial planning to ensure policy coherence in SDG implementation. Despite its potential, mainstreaming the 2030 Agenda through spatial planning encounters challenges, particularly navigating unresolved tensions between global SDG formulation and local ownership. These challenges are accentuated in countries with conformative planning systems and weak governance structures, requiring a specific methodological approach. To address these complexities, this study investigates the opportunities for leveraging SDGs within the multi‐level governance arena of spatial planning. Employing mixed quantitative and qualitative data analysis methods in a local planning context, the research explores key concerns arising from regional, national, and EU spatial development policies. The study delves into their potential leverage capacity for guiding and funding SDGs within a specific local context. Results suggest that using different policy mechanisms, spatial planning can better address the holistic nature of the 2030 Agenda. Although not all SDGs can be leveraged, a substantial part can be addressed whenever a broader multi‐level governance perspective is considered within local planning contexts.
Innovative modeling of monolayer puckered arsenene: Bridging quantum mechanics and finite element analysis
Authors: Aghdasi Peyman , Yousefi Shayesteh , Ansari Reza
Published: May 2024

Current study presents a novel hybrid approach combining finite element modeling and density functional theory calculations to investigate the mechanical properties of monolayer puckered arsenene. The multiscale analysis in this study leverages finite element analysis as a distinctive approach, complementing the nano‐scale capabilities of density functional theory and molecular dynamics by overcoming limitations faced by these two methods in representing complex scenarios. Furthermore, finite element analysis demonstrates computational efficiency for larger structures, making it suitable for systems where atomistic simulations may be impractical. This hybrid methodology offers a unique framework for accurately predicting key properties, including elastic modulus and buckling force, by synergistically integrating the strengths of both computational techniques. In addition to demonstrating the effectiveness of our approach in accurately capturing material behavior, our findings shed light on fundamental aspects of nanoscale mechanics, with implications for various applications in nanotechnology, materials science, and structural engineering. By providing a deeper understanding of the mechanical response of 2D materials, our research contributes to advancing the field of nanoscale materials engineering and informs the design of innovative nanostructures with tailored mechanical properties.
Synthesis, Structural Characterization of Substituted Phenoxyimine Based Ti(IV) Complexes for Ring Opening Polymerization and DFT Studies
Authors: Gurubasavaraj Prabhuodeyara M. , Sajjan Vinodkumar P. , Roesky Herbert W , Pujari Vikram , Inamdar Sanjeev R , Gummagol Neelamma B. , Kanagalekar Bhushan A.
Published: May 2024

A series of 4 new titanium complexes bearing phenoxyimine ligands that differ in their steric and electronic properties have been synthesized and investigated for the polymerization of ethylene and rac‐lactide. X‐ray crystal structures of these catalysts reveal compounds 1–3 exhibit distorted octahedral geometry while complex 4 shows distorted trigonal bipyramidal. The substituents on the phenoxyimine framework have a profound influence on the catalytic activities of these compounds in the polymerization reactions. All four complexes afforded polylactide with a heterotactic bias in ring opening polymerization of rac‐lactide. In addition to this, density functional theory calculations using (B3LYP) with the 6‐311++G (d, p) basis set and no constraints were used while doing geometry optimizations and compared with experimental results. Hirshfeld surface analysis, MEP and Mulliken charge also reported an unexpected relationship between the nitrogen, oxygen on the ligands, titanium isopropoxide, and good relation between the experimental findings.
NIR‐II Absorbed Dithienopyrrole‐Benzobisthiadiazole Based Nanosystems for Autophagy Inhibition and Calcium Overload Enhanced Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Liu Longcai , Chen Yang , Ye Luyi , Yu Liya , Kang Yehui , Mou Xiaozhou , Cai Yu
Published: May 2024

Although the current cancer photothermal therapy (PTT) can produce a powerful therapeutic effect, tumor cells have been proved a protective mechanism through autophagy. In this study, a novel hybrid theranostic nanoparticle (CaCO3@CQ@pDB NPs, CCD NPs) is designed and prepared by integrating a second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) absorbed conjugated polymer DTP‐BBT (pDB), CaCO3, and autophagy inhibitor (chloroquine, CQ) into one nanosystem. The conjugated polymer pDB with asymmetric donor–acceptor structure shows strong NIR‐II absorbing capacity, of which the optical properties and photothermal generation mechanism of pDB are systematically analyzed via molecular theoretical calculation. Under NIR‐II laser irradiation, pDB‐mediated PTT can produce powerful killing ability to tumor cells. At the same time, heat stimulates a large amount of Ca2+ inflow, causing calcium overload induced mitochondrial damage and enhancing the apoptosis of tumor cells. Besides, the released CQ blocks the self‐protection mechanism of tumor cells and greatly enhances the attack of PTT and calcium overload therapy. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments confirm that CCD NPs possess excellent NIR‐II theranostic capacity, which provides a new nanoplatform for anti‐tumor therapy and builds great potential for future clinical research.
Mitochondria‐Regulated Information Processing Nanosystem Promoting Immune Cell Communication for Liver Fibrosis Regression
Authors: Che Tingting , Yang Xiaopeng , Zhang Yuanyuan , Zheng Yin , Zhang Yufei , Zhang Xinge , Wu Zhongming
Published: May 2024

Liver fibrosis is a coordinated response to tissue injury that is mediated by immune cell interactions. A mitochondria‐regulated information‐processing (MIP) nanosystem that promotes immune cell communication and interactions to inhibit liver fibrosis is designed. The MIP nanosystem mimics the alkaline amino acid domain of mitochondrial precursor proteins, providing precise targeting of the mitochondria. The MIP nanosystem is driven by light to modulate the mitochondria of hepatic stellate cells, resulting in the release of mitochondrial DNA into the fibrotic microenvironment, as detected by macrophages. By activating the STING signaling pathway, the developed nanosystem‐induced macrophage phenotype switches to a reparative subtype (Ly6Clow) and downstream immunostimulatory transcriptional activity, fully restoring the fibrotic liver to its normal tissue state. The MIP nanosystem serves as an advanced information transfer system, allowing precise regulation of trained immunity, and offers a promising approach for effective liver fibrosis immunotherapy with the potential for clinical translation.
Pyridine‐Bridged Covalent Organic Frameworks with Adjustable Band Gaps as Intelligent Artificial Enzymes for Light‐Augmented Biocatalytic Sensing
Authors: Cui Qiqi , Zhou Mi , Wen Qinlong , Li Lin , Xiong Chao , Adeli Mohsen , Cheng Liang , Xu Xiaohui , Ren Xiancheng , Cheng Chong
Published: May 2024

One of the biggest challenges in biotechnology and medical diagnostics is finding extremely sensitive and adaptable biosensors. Since metal‐based enzyme‐mimetic biocatalysts may lead to biosafety concerns on accumulative toxicity, it is essential to synthesize metal‐free enzyme‐mimics with optimal biocatalytic activity and superior selectivity. Here, the pyridine‐bridged covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with specific oxidase‐like (OXD‐like) activities as intelligent artificial enzymes for light‐augmented biocatalytic sensing of biomarkers are disclosed. Because of the adjustable bandgaps of pyridine structures on the photocatalytic properties of the pristine COF structures, the pyridine‐bridged COF exhibit efficient, selective, and light‐responsive OXD‐like biocatalytic activity. Moreover, the pyridine‐bridged COF structures show tunable and light‐augmented biocatalytic detection capabilities, which outperform the recently reported state‐of‐the‐art OXD‐mimics regarding biosensing efficiency. Notably, the pyridine‐bridged COF exhibits efficient and multifaceted diagnostic activity, including the extremely low limit of detection (LOD), which enables visual assays for abundant reducibility biomarkers. It is believed that this design will offer unique metal‐free biocatalysts for high‐sensitive and low‐cost colorimetric detection and also provide new insights to create highly efficient enzyme‐like COF materials via linkage‐modulation strategies for future biocatalytic applications.
Typification of the Linnaean names Croton castaneifolius and C. palustris (Euphorbiaceae)
Authors: Külkamp Josimar , Iganci João R.V. , Cordeiro Inês , Baumgratz José Fernando A.
Published: May 2024

Croton palustris (≡ Caperonia palustris) and Croton castaneifolius (≡ Caperonia castaneifolia) were published by Linnaeus in the first edition of Species plantarum. Both names remain untypified at present. While syntypes are extant for C. palustris there is no known original material for C. castaneifolius. Here, a lectotype is selected for C. palustris and a neotype is selected for C. castaneifolius.
Anonymity‐Aware Framework for Designing Recommender Systems
Authors: Honda Moena , Nishi Hiroaki
Published: May 2024

Due to increasing secondary use of data, recommender systems using anonymized data are in demand. However, implementing a recommender system requires complicated data processing and programming, and the relationship between anonymization level and recommendation quality has not been investigated. Therefore, this study proposes a framework that facilitates the development of recommender systems. Additionally, a method is proposed for quantitatively evaluating recommendation quality when the anonymization level is varied. The proposed method promotes data utilization by recommender systems and determination of compensation for providing data based on anonymization level. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Risk factors for anastomotic leakage in colonic procedures within an ERAS‐protocol. A retrospective cohort study from the Swedish part of the international ERAS‐database
Authors: Bjerregaard Felix , Asklid Daniel , Ljungqvist Olle , Elliot Anders H. , Pekkari Klas , Gustafsson Ulf O.
Published: May 2024

Background

Research on anastomotic leakage (AL) in colonic procedures within an Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol has not yet been conducted. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for AL after colonic surgery.

Methods

The study included all consecutively recorded patients operated with colonic resection surgery in the Swedish part of the international ERAS® Interactive Audit System (EIAS) between September 2009 and June 2022. The cohort was analyzed and evaluated regarding risk factors for AL.

Results

Altogether 10,632 patients were included, 10,219 were without AL and 413 (3.9%) were with AL. After adjusted analysis, male sex (4.6% AL), OR: 1.49; 95% CI (1.16–1.90), obesity (4.8% AL), OR: 1.62; 95% CI (1.18–2.24), previous surgery (4.4% AL), OR: 1.45; 95% CI (1.14–1.86), open surgery (4.4% AL), OR: 1.36; 95% CI (1.02–1.83), anastomosis between small bowel and rectum (13.1% AL), OR: 3.97; 95% CI (2.23–7.10), stapled anastomosis (5.3% AL), OR: 2.46; 95% CI (1.79–3.38), inhalation anesthesia (4.2% AL), OR: 1.80; 95% CI (1.26–2.57), and conversion to open surgery (5.5% AL), OR 1.49; 95% CI (1.02–2.19) were significant risk factors for AL. Although pre and intraoperative compliance to the ERAS‐protocol was similar, excess of fluids day 0 was an independent predictor for AL.

Conclusion

Male sex, obesity, previous surgery, open surgery, stapled anastomotic technique, anastomosis between small bowel and rectum, inhalation anesthesia, conversion to open surgery, and among ERAS interventions, excess of fluids day 0, were significant risk factors for AL.
Assessment of Existing Structures for Elongation of the Buildings Lifecycle Based on Ukrainian Experience and Codes
Authors: Semko Volodymyr , Mahas Nataliia
Published: May 2024

One of the effective ways to increase the efficiency of the circular economy is the reuse of existing structures and parts of buildings or extending the life cycle of existing buildings. Assessing the technical condition of existing systems is the basis for reliable and safe operation, both of structures and buildings as a whole. The paper analyses the history and development of Ukrainian standards (codes). It compares methods for evaluating the technical condition of existing structures presented in Ukrainian standards with those shown in the international standard for assessing existing members. Over the past 30 years, Ukraine has actively developed methods for assessing the technical condition of existing steel, reinforced concrete and composite structures. The basis of the results of the analyzed works is theoretical, experimental, and full-scale studies of existing structures. Much work is devoted to assessing the reliability of existing and damaged building structures. Methods of reliability theory have been applied to evaluate enclosure structures, for which a new term - thermal reliability of enclosure structures - has been introduced. Based on the analysis of codes and research, recommendations have been prepared for implementing sustainable practices into European standards.
Design for Deconstruction Through Digital Fabrication of Thin Spatial Systems
Authors: Iuorio Ornella , Wilcock Sam , Korkis Emil
Published: May 2024

Spatial systems like shells, arches and shelters can often be used as temporary structures to accommodate short to medium expositions, events, or emergencies. This has historically allowed them to be designed for multiple uses. Recent advancements in computer graphics, algorithmic design, and advanced manufacturing have accelerated their development and opened new scope for applications, by exploiting new capabilities and opportunities for material-efficient designs and constructions. The authors aim to develop combined systems approaches to the design of resilient, de-constructible constructions for the built environment. This work presents the recent advancements in the development of discrete shell systems developed at the AS_Lab between the Politecnico di Milan and the University of Leeds, using biogenic materials such as wood which are inherently sustainable. Coupling geometry design and segmentation with ad-hoc connection systems, demountable systems have been developed, which are materially efficient, digitally designed, and fabricated, and can, in some instances, be robotically assembled. The study presents the conceptual design and fabrication of three prototypes, which have been realized to accelerate the transition to industry 4.0 while posing the focus on a circular future.
Circular Economy in Construction: Harnessing Secondary Materials from End-of-Life Tires for Sustainable Building
Authors: Qin Xia , Kaewunruen Sakdirat
Published: May 2024

The concept of the circular economy has rapidly gained traction as a transformative approach to sustainable resource management. Central to this paradigm is the emphasis on recycling and repurposing waste materials to ensure their maximum re-utility and minimal environmental side-impact. Over the myriad of waste materials, end-of-life (ELT) tires have emerged as a particularly significant resource, which has been underestimated in the past. However, the advent of advanced recycling technologies has illuminated the latent value embedded within these tires. From their rubber granules and steel components to fibrous materials and carbon black, each element holds potential for repurposing. Notably, the construction industry has been identified as a prime sector for the integration of these recycled materials, offering both durability and sustainability in building processes. Guided by the principles of the circular economy, this paper embarks on a comprehensive journey through the full lifecycle analysis of ELT tires. It delves into the intricacies of the recycling and utilization processes, shedding light on the myriad of potential value they present. Furthermore, a meticulous assessment and review are conducted on the contribution of these recycled tire by-products to the construction industry. The study revealed that recycling tires can result in a reduction in carbon emissions and provide substantial economic benefits. Specifically, for truck tires, the economic benefits can amount to 32.37 €, and the GHG emissions produced during the recycling process are minimal, only 1.13 kg of CO2 equivalent for truck tires.
Stakeholder Mapping for Value Creation of New Circular Business Models
Authors: Haase Matthias , Bernegger Heinz , Meslec Mihaela
Published: May 2024

In Circular Economy Management, various stakeholders play different roles that contribute to the value chain within the circular economy. These stakeholders need to be tracked and motivated to contribute to a circular economy. In addition, real estate developers as well as facility managers have a growing interest in both, the expansion of the value chain within the building as well as associated with facility services within the optimized building operation. The research approach is drawing upon real estate development projects as case studies. It maps the different stakeholders and analyses their role in the value creation. A range of new value creation stakeholders were identified and analysed to which extend their role is defined in traditional business models. The key benefits for owners and real estate investors comes from the adaptability to changing market demands, re-use and repurpose, low impact on urban ecology and biodiversity, innovative new real estate products among others. This study shows the benefits of encouraging stakeholders to actively participate in the co-creation and co-innovation of circular solutions. This involves identifying different stakeholders in the design and development of strategies, policies, and projects related to the circular economy. By defining their new role, diverse business models, as well as innovative and effective solutions can be developed.
Analysing Stakeholder Opinions Within the COST Action CA21103 CircularB and Beyond: Circular Economy Implementation in Construction
Authors: Karaca Ferhat , Tleuken Aidana , Pineda-Martos Rocío , Cardoso Sara Ros , Askar Rand , Salles Adriana , Güemez Elena Goicolea , Agibayeva Akmaral , Varol Huseyin Atakan , Braganca Luis
Published: May 2024

This study examines the importance and adoption of circular economy (CE) principles within the construction industry by focusing on stakeholders’ opinions on key CE strategies across different building life cycle stages. The study draws insights from the perceptions of European-based stakeholders who actively participated in the CircularB Workshop 1 Part 2, entitled Creating a Roadmap towards Circularity in the Built Environment - State-of-the-Art. The research comprises two parts. In the first part, a structured survey was employed to systematically collect opinions on the levels of awareness and variations among the adoption and importance of selected CE implementation strategies within the construction sector. The second part engaged stakeholders in a dynamic creative thinking activity, posing seven targeted questions allowing participants to offer multiple answers for each query. Overall, the study sheds light on the multifaceted challenges and opportunities inherent in fostering CE within the construction domain by highlighting the significance of recognising and addressing systemic barriers within the CE framework, the importance of product design for disassembly, and the efficient production of reusable and recyclable materials. Furthermore, it emphasises the necessity to motivate industry stakeholders to participate actively in the transition to a CE, bridging the gap between theory and practice frameworks and increasing the engagement of policymakers and governments.
Investigating Urban Resilience Through a Resource-Based View Framework: Evidence from an Empirical Survey
Authors: Scozzi Barbara , Pellegrino Roberta , de Trizio Alessia , Di Lonardo Monica
Published: May 2024

Urban Resilience refers to the ability of a city to absorb, adapt and transform in the face of a disturbance. Such a concept is increasing in importance as the continuous growth of cities leads them to face new uncertainties, challenges and often significant disruptions. Most extant literature focuses on the development of frameworks and indices that measure urban resilience. However, due to the inherent complexity of the concept as well as to the variety of research perspectives, the existence of several frameworks is quite confusing. Also, such frameworks fail to reveal how different urban factors affect resilience and the way it acts on the urban scale. The study aims to contribute to address such limits by investigating the main urban characteristics affecting resilience. Using a Resource-based view (RBV) perspective, the research develops a theoretical framework which links resources of urban systems (economic, social and environmental), urban abilities (leadership and governance, preparedness, cooperation and infrastructures and resources), and resilience capacities (absorptive, adaptive and transformative). The theoretical framework is then empirically tested through an online survey sent to a sample of urban stakeholders, namely, policy makers, emergency services, public organizations, academics, experts, infrastructure employees, public and private associations and organizations. The empirical analysis provides scholars with knowledge on the main factors that affect resilience and enables policy makers to better understand the way urban resilience arises based on the interrelationship between urban resources and capabilities.
Water Efficiency, Consumption and Management in Environmental Performance Assessment Methods for Existing Buildings in Use
Authors: Giarma Christina , Tsikaloudaki Katerina , Karanafti Aikaterina , Kontoleon Karolos J. , Theodosiou Theodoros
Published: May 2024

One of the major motivations behind the effort for the transition from linear models to circular ones in the building sector is related to the need for the minimization of resources depletion. Water holds a prominent position among those resources. The building sector is responsible for appreciable water consumption and, hence, represents an important field for improvements. While in the case of new buildings several options are available for the relevant systems and strategies, when existing buildings are considered, the limitations are multiplied in the context of decisions already made and materialized. However, the existing building stock is a massive contributor to the total impact of the built environment and must be considered as well. In this work, three buildings’ environmental performance assessment methods (BREEAM, DGNB, LEED) and, specifically, their versions for existing buildings in use (residential and non-residential), are examined regarding the way water-related parameters are implemented in the evaluation that they perform. The factors reviewed are those associated with water regarded as a resource (water consumption, (re-)use of rainwater, management issues etc.) and not the ones referring to flood risks and to energy demand (hot water). The analysis’ main focus lies in the criteria used by each method, the main strategies highlighted as advantageous, and issues related to the integration of those evaluation axes into each system. Initially, main features of the three methods are presented (assessment structure, scoring process, etc.). Among others, differences and similarities in the adopted approaches (three evaluation methods, various building uses) are highlighted and discussed.