bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Bovine Brucellosis and Risk Factors Assessment in Cattle Herds in Jigawa State
Authors: Mohammed Farouk U. , Ibrahim Salisu , Ajogi Ikwe , Olaniyi Bale J. O.
Published: December 2011

A serological survey of Brucella antibodies was carried out in Jigawa State, northwestern Nigeria to determine the prevalence of the disease and risk factors among some pastoralist cattle herds. A total of 570 cattle of different ages and sexes selected from 20 herds across the four agroecological zones in the state were screened using Rose Bengal Plate test and competitive enzyme immunoassay. From the results 23 cattle (4.04%) were positive by Rose Bengal Plate Test while 22(3.86%) were positive with competitive enzyme immunoassay. The infection rate was higher in females than males. Cattle older than 3 years had a higher prevalence rate compared to age groups 2-3 years, 1-2 years, and less than 1 year. The prevalence rate was higher in cattle densely populated locations. Infection rate differs between herds with larger herds presenting high prevalence due to poor sanitary practice. It is hereby recommended that public enlightenment on adequate control and preventive measures using proper sanitary practice and calf hood vaccination are required.
Free Energy of Three-Dimensional Uniaxial Magnet in the Higher Non-Gaussian Approximation and in the Presence of an External Field
Authors: Kozlovskii M. P. , Pylyuk I. V.
Published: December 2011

A three-dimensional Ising-like system in a homogeneous external field is
studied on the basis of the higher non-Gaussian measure density (the model). The
presented solutions of recurrence relations for the coefficients of the effective measure
densities and the generalized point of exit of the system from the critical regime are used
for calculating the free energy of the system at temperatures ( is the phase transition
temperature in the absence of an external field). A calculation technique is
based on the first principles of statistical physics and is naturally realized without any
general assumptions and without any adjustable parameters. The obtained expression
for the free energy does not involve series expansions in the scaling variable and is
valid near the critical point not only in the regions of the so-called weak and strong
external fields, but also in the crossover region between these fields, where power series
in the scaling variable are not effective.
Screening for Intimate Partner Violence against Women in Healthcare Sweden: Prevalence and Determinants
Authors: Lawoko Stephen , Sanz Sören , Helström Lotti , Castren Maaret
Published: December 2011

We assessed the extent to which healthcare providers at a large healthcare facility in Sweden screen for intimate partner violence against women and the determinants of such screening. Data on frequency of screening, readiness to screen on many dimensions (using the Domestic Violence Healthcare Provider Survey Scale), demographic and occupational characteristics were administered electronically to 217 healthcare providers. We found that only 50% of participants had during the past 3 month screened for IPV at least once, and screening activity was marked with inequalities in measured individual characteristics. Participants of female gender and of doctor/nurse occupation were more likely to screen than male and midwife peers, respectively. Healthcare providers who perceived high efficacy in handling IPV issues, low fears of offending clients, professional preparedness, and with availability of support networks for IPV victims were more likely to screen for IPV. Implications of these findings for interventions are discussed.
Why Is the Influence of Sunspot Peaks on the Ocean and Atmosphere in Northern Winter Seen Mainly in the Pacific Region?
Authors: van Loon Harry
Published: December 2011

The sun at sunspot peaks enhances the climatological means in the Pacific region from the stratosphere to the surface of the sea. The robust signal is physically consistent and statistically significant in the 14 sunspot peaks for which sea-level pressure and sea-surface temperature data are available. No other place shows such a strong influence of the sunspot peaks in the northern winter. Why in the Pacific and why a cooling of equatorial surface waters at sunspot peaks? I suggest that in the Indonesian region the strong convection, higher and colder tropopause, warmer water, and Indonesian topography are conducive to channel the solar influence mainly to this region, leading to an enhancement of the Walker and Hadley circulations, expansion and intensification of the dry zone, and cooler equatorial surface waters.
Plano Estratégico de Marketing: Proposta de uma Análise Teórica
Authors: Lima Gustavo Barbieri , Carvalho Dirceu Tornavoi de
Published: December 2011

A importncia do Plano de Marketing para a gesto estratgica de empresas tem sido tema de debates acadmicos. De forma sucinta, o plano pode ser considerado como um documento formal estruturado, no qual os objetivos de marketing organizacionais esto claramente descritos e as estratgias para alcan-los, assim como o oramento das atividades que envolvem a gesto do composto de marketing (produto, preo, praa/ distribuio e promoo), analisados sob o ponto de vista do ambiente de marketing ou variveis incontrolveis (PEST poltico-legal, econmico, social e tecnolgico). O presente artigo prope a elaborao de um ensaio terico acerca do tema plano estratgico de marketing, embasado em pesquisas na literatura acadmica existente, visando contribuir para o conhecimento neste campo de estudo. Foram realizadas pesquisas bibliogrficas e levantamento do referencial terico sobre Plano de Marketing para o desenvolvimento do presente estudo. Como resultado principal, considera-se relevante mencionar a grande importncia do plano de marketing como ferramenta para direcionar as estratgias mercadolgicas inseridas no planejamento corporativo. Cada plano apresentado apresenta suas particularidades e semelhanas. DOI: 10.5585/remark.v10i2.2188
O Valor da Marca - Proposta de Modelo Danrise
Authors: Pereira da Silva Daniel Nascimento , Nunes Pedro , Basto Mário
Published: December 2011

As marcas adquiriram particular preponderncia nas estratgias das empresas, visto serem capazes de gerar sentimentos, sensaes e emoes nos clientes. Os valores, no mensurveis, resultaro, obviamente, em valor para as empresas e para as prprias marcas. Uma marca forte configurar-se- como o maior patrimnio de uma empresa. E hoje vista como um dos activos mais importantes. A evoluo de uma marca, como activo intangvel e estratgico de uma empresa, assume-se cada vez mais de vital importncia, no seio destas, como forma de maximizar os seus resultados. Esta necessidade, quer do mercado quer das empresas, justifica o direccionamento da pesquisa para o sector o valor da marca. O trabalho tem como objectivo principal apresentar um novo modelo de avaliao de marcas. Este modelo sustenta-se numa vertente tangvel e numa intangvel, esta ltima avalia os conhecimentos e a capacidade dos seus responsveis e funcionrios para a construo de uma marca de valor, atravs da correcta ordenao das prioridades das dimenses do modelo proposto. O modelo foi testado na marca Blue Rise. DOI: 10.5585/remark.v10i2.2258
Genetic and morphological differentiation between Melica ciliata L. and M. transsilvanica Schur (Poaceae) in Europe reveals the non-presence of M. ciliata in the Polish flora
Authors: Szczepaniak Magdalena , Cieślak Elżbieta
Published: December 2011

A good knowledge of species delimitation is crucial for the biodiversity protection and the conservation of wild species. We studied the efficiency of AFLP markers and morphological characters to assist species determination for Melica ciliata L. and M. transsilvanica Schur within European range of distribution, including isolated and range-limit populations of "M. ciliata" (i.e. M. cf. ciliata) from the Polish Sudetes, where it is regarded as critically endangered. AFLP markers were found to be more effective then morphological characters (more or less continuous) in distinguishing the both studied species. AMOVA revealed very low genetic diversity within populations and high differentiation among populations of M. ciliata and M. transsilvanica (FST = 0.89 and 0.95, respectively). The species-diagnostic AFLP markers of M. transsilvanica shared with "M. ciliata" from the Sudetes were detected. On the other hand, no species-diagnostic genetic markers of M. ciliata or hybrid-diagnostic markers of M. × thuringiaca were found within "M. ciliata". PCoA and NJ showed an overlapping genetic diversity of "M. ciliata" and M. transsilvanica. Hierar­chical AMOVA supported the absence of a significant genotypic distinction between "M. ciliata" and M. transsilvanica. ANOVA showed that the length ratio of lower to upper glumes was the best morphological character to discriminate between M. ciliata and M. transsilvanica. Combined morphological and genetic data show that M. ciliata is not currently present in Poland as its putative Polish populations represent M. transsilvanica. A significant decrease in genetic varia­bility that could influence viability was not observed the in Sudetian populations of M. transsilvanica. However, the population size changes significantly as a result of plant succession. Correction of the northern limit of the continuous distribution of M. ciliata L. in Central Europe is presented.
Phyllotaxis instability – exploring the depths of first available space
Authors: Szpak Marcin , Zagórska-Marek Beata
Published: December 2011

The theoretical analysis of the consequences of the phyllotactic pattern being propagated according to the first available space rule has revealed that all monojugate patterns, with the exception of the main Fibonacci pattern, should become developmentally unstable in their low expressions. This fact explains why the main Fibonacci pattern plays the dominant role among other patterns of spiral phyllotaxis. The probability that the pattern becomes unstable varies for different patterns, which likely makes them more or less frequent, and thus easier or more difficult to encounter in nature. The unstable pattern inevitably transforms into another, as the computer simulations show. Theoretically predicted instability of low order phyllotaxis may be treated as one of the causes of natural ontogenetic transitions, occurring in plants. This, however, still does not explain why in nature some patterns with high order of phyllotaxis also change, quite readily one into the other, in shoot apical meristem’s ontogeny.
Sex Disparities After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting and Hospital Quality
Authors: Wagner Catherine M. , Ibrahim Andrew M.
Published: June 2024

Importance

Concern has been raised about persistent sex disparities after coronary artery bypass grafting, with female patients having higher mortality. However, whether these disparities persist across hospitals of different qualities is unknown.

Objective

To evaluate sex disparities in 30-day mortality after coronary artery bypass grafting across high- and low-quality hospitals.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional, retrospective cohort study evaluated Medicare beneficiaries undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting between October 1, 2015, and March 31, 2020. Data analysis was performed from July 1, 2023, to December 1, 2023.

Exposures

The primary exposures were hospital quality and sex. For hospital quality, hospitals were placed into rank order by their overall risk-adjusted mortality rate and divided into quintiles.

Main Outcome and Measures

Risk-adjusted 30-day mortality using a logistic regression model accounting for patient factors, including sex, age, comorbidities, elective vs unplanned admission, number of bypass grafts, use of arterial graft, and year of surgery.

Results

A total of 444 855 beneficiaries (mean [SD] age, 71.5 [7.5] years; 120 333 [27.1%] female and 324 522 [72.9%] male) were studied. Compared with male beneficiaries, female beneficiaries were more likely to have an unplanned admission (66 425 [55.2%] vs 157 895 [48.7%], P < .001) and receive care at low-quality (vs high-quality) hospitals (odds ratio, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.23-1.29; P < .001). Overall, risk-adjusted female mortality was 4.24% (95% CI, 4.20%-4.27%), and male mortality was 2.75% (95% CI, 2.75%-2.77%), with an absolute difference of 1.48 (95% CI, 1.45-1.51) percentage points (P < .001). At the highest-quality hospitals, male mortality was 1.57% (95% CI, 1.56%-1.59%), and female mortality was 2.58% (95% CI, 2.54%-2.62%), with an absolute difference of 1.01 (95% CI, 0.97-1.04) percentage points (P < .001). At the lowest-quality hospitals, male mortality was 4.94% (95% CI, 4.88%-5.01%), and female mortality was 7.02% (95% CI, 6.90%-7.13%), with an absolute difference of 2.07 (95% CI, 1.95-2.19) percentage points (P < .001). Female beneficiaries receiving care at low-quality hospitals had a higher mortality than male beneficiaries receiving care at the high-quality hospitals (7.02% vs 1.57%, P < .001).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study of Medicare beneficiaries undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting, female beneficiaries were more likely to receive care at low-quality hospitals, where the sex disparity in mortality was double that of high-quality hospitals. Quality improvement targeting low-quality hospitals as well as equitable referral of female beneficiaries to higher-quality hospitals may narrow the sex disparity after coronary artery bypass grafting.
Micromanaging the neuroendocrine system – A review on miR‐7 and the other physiologically relevant miRNAs in the hypothalamic–pituitary axis
Authors: Zacharjasz Julian , Sztachera Marta , Smuszkiewicz Michał , Piwecka Monika
Published: June 2024

The hypothalamic–pituitary axis is central to the functioning of the neuroendocrine system and essential for regulating physiological and behavioral homeostasis and coordinating fundamental body functions. The expanding line of evidence shows the indispensable role of the microRNA pathway in regulating the gene expression profile in the developing and adult hypothalamus and pituitary gland. Experiments provoking a depletion of miRNA maturation in the context of the hypothalamic–pituitary axis brought into focus a prominent involvement of miRNAs in neuroendocrine functions. There are also a few individual miRNAs and miRNA families that have been studied in depth revealing their crucial role in mediating the regulation of fundamental processes such as temporal precision of puberty timing, hormone production, fertility and reproduction capacity, and energy balance. Among these miRNAs, miR‐7 was shown to be hypothalamus‐enriched and the top one highly expressed in the pituitary gland, where it has a profound impact on gene expression regulation. Here, we review miRNA profiles, knockout phenotypes, and miRNA interaction (targets) in the hypothalamic–pituitary axis that advance our understanding of the roles of miRNAs in mammalian neurosecretion and related physiology.
Clinicopathological features and cancer transcriptomic profiling of poorly cohesive gastric carcinoma subtypes
Authors: Yen Hung‐Hsuan , Chen Pin‐Yu , Huang Ruby Yun‐Ju , Jeng Jung‐Ming , Lai I‐Rue
Published: June 2024

Gastric poorly cohesive carcinoma (PCC) manifests with a diffuse pattern and diverse tumor cell morphologies, often indicating a more unfavorable prognosis. Recent consensus has reclassified PCC based on the proportion of signet‐ring cells (SRCs) in tumors for research purposes. The two most distinct subtypes, poorly cohesive carcinoma not otherwise specified (PCC‐NOS) and signet‐ring cell carcinoma (SRCC), are characterized by less than 10% and more than 90% SRCs, respectively. However, research comparing the clinicopathological and transcriptomic differences between these subtypes remains limited. In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of clinicopathological features in 55 advanced‐stage PCCs, consisting of 43 PCC‐NOS and 12 SRCC cases. Subsequently, 12 PCC‐NOS and 5 SRCC cases were randomly selected for initial cancer‐related gene expression profiling and pathway enrichment analysis using the GeoMx digital spatial profiler, followed by validation in a separate validation group comprising 16 PCC‐NOS and 6 SRCC cases. These transcriptomic findings were then correlated with tumor morphology and clinicopathological data. PCC‐NOS cases exhibited larger tumor size, a higher prevalence of pathological N3 disease, and a worse 1‐year progression‐free survival rate compared to SRCC cases. Clustering of PCC‐NOS and SRCC was successfully achieved using the GeoMx Cancer Transcriptome Atlas. Among all studied genes, only MMP7 showed differential expression, with its overexpression significantly associated with the PCC‐NOS subtype, increased perineural invasion, and earlier disease progression. Pathway analysis revealed significantly enriched pathways in PCC‐NOS related to vesicle‐mediated transport, adaptive immune systems, oncogenic signaling, and extracellular matrix organization, while SRCC displayed significant enrichment in pathways associated with respiratory electron transport and the cell cycle. In conclusion, this study compares and correlates clinicopathological features and transcriptomic data between PCC‐NOS and SRCC at advanced stages, employing the latest consensus classification and a novel platform for analysis.
Endovascular thrombectomy versus medical management on outcomes with infarct volumes more than 70 mL
Authors: Han Nannan , Zhang Xiaobo , Zhang Yu , Liu Yu , Ma Haojun , Ge Hanming , Wang Yanfei , Li Shilin , Yan Xudong , Li Tengfei , Wu Yulun , Ma Juan , Shi Wenzhen , Zhang Gejuan , Tian Ye , Chang Mingze
Published: June 2024

Objective

Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) in patients with large infarct volume remains controversial. The aim of this study is to compare clinical outcomes between EVT and medical management in acute large vessel occlusion with infarct volumes larger than 70 mL on diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI).

Methods

A prospective observational cohort study was conducted, including patients with anterior cerebral circulation occlusion due to ischemic stroke with infarct volumes larger than 70 mL within 24 h of onset between July 2018 and June 2023. Eligible patients were divided into two groups: the EVT group and the medical management (non‐EVT) group. The main outcomes were functional independence and mortality at 90 days. To assess clinical endpoints, we selected variables including age, NIHSS score, infarct volume, and occlusion location for 1:1 propensity score (PS) matching and PS adjustment using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW).

Results

Among the 131 identified patients (mean [SD] age, 69.9 [13.7] years; 58 female), the median infarct volume was 123.6 mL. Of these patients, 75 (57.3%) underwent EVT. After PS adjustment, EVT was not associated with functional independence (10.9% vs. 10.9%; p = 1.000) or mortality (43.5% vs. 47.8%; p = 0.675). Additionally, after PS adjustment using IPTW, EVT was also not associated with a functional independence (15.8% vs. 13.7%; p = 0.767) or mortality (46.8% vs. 44.0%; p = 0.762).

Conclusion

This study provides real‐world evidence regarding infarct volumes larger than 70 mL, indicating that EVT does not provide benefits compared to medical management alone when considering age, NIHSS score, infarct volume, and occlusion location.
Exhaustive clinical examination of etiology and initial response to first‐line treatment in 577 children with infantile epileptic spasm syndrome children: A 5‐year retrospective observational study
Authors: Wan Lin , Ge Wenrong , Liu Guoyin , He Wen , Liang Yan , Dun Shuo , Yan Huimin , Chen Jian , Zhu Gang , Gao Jing , Shi Xiuyu , Wang Jing , Hu Linyan , Zhang Bo , Zou Liping , Yang Guang
Published: June 2024

Objective

Employing whole‐exome sequencing (WES) technology to investigate the etiology of infantile epileptic spasm syndrome (IESS), and determining whether different etiologies exhibit phenotypic variations, while elucidating the potential associated factors, might improve short‐term responses to first‐line treatment.

Methods

We retrospectively evaluated patients with IESS admitted for treatment between January 2018 and June 2023. Clinical phenotypic differences among etiological classifications and clinical manifestations were analyzed. Variable selection using the best subset method was performed, followed by logistic regression analysis to identify the factors influencing treatment response.

Results

A total of 577 patients were included; 412 completed trio‐WES. Magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities were detected in 387 patients (67.1%). Patients with etiology as structural abnormalities were likelier to have non‐spasms at the initial seizure onset. A total of 532 patients completed the first‐line treatment; 273 patients received it for the first time at our hospital (initial response rates: 30.1% and 42.1%, respectively). The response group had a lower proportion of early‐onset seizures (≤3 months) than the no‐response group (11.3% vs. 23.7%, p < 0.01 and 11.3% vs. 21.5%, p = 0.03, respectively). Logistic regression analysis indicated that earlier initiation of first‐line treatment was associated with a higher likelihood of an initial response. However, the etiological classification did not have a significant impact on the initial response.

Interpretation

IESS patients with structural abnormalities are more likely to present with non‐spasm seizures at initial onset. Early initiation of first‐line treatment is crucial; however, initial responses may be less favorable when seizures occur in early infancy.
Assembled Embedded 3D Hydrogel System for Asynchronous Drug Delivery to Inhibit Postoperative Recurrence of Malignant Glioma and Promote Neurological Recovery
Authors: Hu Yang , Zhou Liming , Wang Zhenning , Ye Zhiming , Liu Huiling , Lu Yi , Qi Zhihui , Yang Kunhua , Zeng Jianhao , Li Huimin , Tang Ruizhe , Ren Jiaoyan , Guo Rui , Yao Maojin
Published: June 2024

Surgical resection of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) often results in tumor recurrence and mild neurologic deficits. Here, a 3D asynchronous drug delivery system is innovatively developed to address the dual challenges of GBM recurrence and postoperative neurological deficit. Based on transcriptome analysis of tumor cells and tumor microenvironment (TME) cells between primary and recurrent mouse GBM tissues, a novel dual‐targeting approach is developed to combine mTOR pathway inhibition with microglia/macrophage repolarization. Then, in situ injectable methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) is constructed to perfectly fit into the tumor resection cavity and achieve direct delivery of dual‐targeted drugs, exhibiting outstanding postoperative GBM inhibitory effects in vivo. At the same time, neurotrophic factor‐saturated 3D‐printed GelMA patches are used to construct a 3D asynchronous drug delivery system, allowing gradual penetration of the neurotrophic factors into the underlying hydrogel to promote axonal sprouting after GBM suppression. Notably, this 3D asynchronous drug delivery system promotes neurological recovery without weakening the efficacy of inhibiting tumor recurrence. Therefore, this study not only proposes a new dual‐targeted GBM treatment strategy but also pioneers the construction of a 3D asynchronous drug delivery system for the comprehensive treatment of GBM. This study is expected to improve the poor prognosis of patients with GBM.
Roadmap toward Controlled Ion Beam‐Induced Defects in 2D Materials
Authors: Telkhozhayeva Madina , Girshevitz Olga
Published: June 2024

Understanding the nature, density, and distribution of structural defects is crucial for tailoring the properties of atomically thin two‐dimensional (2D) materials, which is paramount for advances in nanotechnology. Ion irradiation emerges as a promising technique for defect engineering of single‐atom‐thick materials, due to its high controllability, repeatability, and accuracy. The objective is to provide a comprehensive review elucidating the impact of various irradiation parameters, such as ion mass, energy, fluence, and incident angle, on defect formation in 2D materials. However, the presence of the substrate can significantly influence defect yield and the mechanism of formation due to backscattered ions and sputtered substrate atoms. Hence, a thorough comparison of ion beam‐induced defects in both freestanding (suspended) and supported (on a substrate) 2D materials, with a focus on substrate effects is conducted. Moreover, a detailed analysis of characterization techniques suitable for each scenario will be provided. This work not only contributes to advancing the current understanding of defect formation and evolution in 2D materials during ion beam irradiation but also offers insights into selecting specific parameters for this process to create desired defects in these materials. Consequently, it has the potential to facilitate the design of nanoscale devices with tailored functionality.
Prussian Blue‐Derived Nanocomposite Synergized with Calcium Overload for Three‐Mode ROS Outbreak Generation to Enhance Oncotherapy
Authors: Xu Wenting , Zhou Hongmei , Hu Bangli , Liang Xinqiang , Tang Yanping , Ning Shufang , Ding He , Yang Piaoping , Wang Chen
Published: June 2024

Calcium overload can lead to tumor cell death. However, because of the powerful calcium channel excretory system within tumor cells, simplistic calcium overloads do not allow for an effective antitumor therapy. Hence, the nanoparticles are created with polyethylene glycol (PEG) donor‐modified calcium phosphate (CaP)‐coated, manganese‐doped hollow mesopores Prussian blue (MMPB) encapsulating glucose oxidase (GOx), called GOx@MMPB@CaP‐PEG (GMCP). GMCP with a three‐mode enhancement of intratumor reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels is designed to increase the efficiency of the intracellular calcium overload in tumor cells to enhance its anticancer efficacy. The released exogenous Ca2+ and the production of cytotoxic ROS resulting from the perfect circulation of the three‐mode ROS outbreak generation that Fenton/Fenton‐like reaction and consumption of glutathione from Fe2+/Fe3+and Mn2+/Mn3+ circle, and amelioration of hypoxia from MMPB‐guided and GOx‐mediated starvation therapy. Photothermal efficacy‐induced heat generation owing to MMPB accelerates the above reactions. Furthermore, abundant ROS contribute to damage to mitochondria, and the calcium channels of efflux Ca2+ are inhibited, resulting in a calcium overload. Calcium overload further increases ROS levels and promotes apoptosis of tumor cells to achieve excellent therapy.
Triggerable Patches for Medical Applications
Authors: Sirolli Sofia , Guarnera Daniele , Ricotti Leonardo , Cafarelli Andrea
Published: June 2024

Medical patches have garnered increasing attention in recent decades for several diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Advancements in material science, manufacturing technologies, and bioengineering have significantly widened their functionalities, rendering them highly versatile platforms for wearable and implantable applications. Of particular interest are triggerable patches designed for drug delivery and tissue regeneration purposes, whose action can be controlled by an external signal. Stimuli‐responsive patches are particularly appealing as they may enable a high level of temporal and spatial control over the therapy, allowing high therapeutic precision and the possibility to adjust the treatment according to specific clinical and personal needs. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the existing extensive literature on triggerable patches, emphasizing their potential for diverse applications and highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of different triggering stimuli. Additionally, the current open challenges related to the design and use of efficient triggerable patches, such as tuning their mechanical and adhesive properties, ensuring an acceptable trade‐off between smartness and biocompatibility, endowing them with portability and autonomy, accurately controlling their responsiveness to the triggering stimulus and maximizing their therapeutic efficacy, are reviewed.
Invoking Interfacial Engineering Boosts Structural Stability Empowering Exceptional Cyclability of Ni‐Rich Cathode
Authors: Chu Youqi , Mu Yongbiao , Gu Huicun , Hu Yan , Wei Xianbin , Zou Lingfeng , Yu Can , Xu Xiaoqian , Kang Shaowei , Li Kang , Han Meisheng , Zhang Qing , Zeng Lin
Published: June 2024

The cycling stability of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 under high voltages is hindered by the occurrence of hybrid anion‐ and cation‐redox processes, leading to oxygen escape and uncontrolled phase collapse. In this study, an interfacial engineering strategy involving a straightforward mechanical ball milling and low‐temperature calcination, employing a Se‐doped and FeSe2&Fe2O3‐modified approach is proposed to design a stable Ni‐rich cathode. Se2− are selectively adsorbed within oxygen vacancies to form O─TM─Se bond, effectively stabilizing lattice oxygen, and preventing structural distortion. Simultaneously, the Se‐NCM811//FeSe2//Fe2O3 self‐assembled electric field is activated, improving interfacial charge transfer and coupling. Furthermore, FeSe2 accelerates Li+ diffusion and reacts with oxygen to form Fe2O3 and SeO2. The Fe2O3 coating mitigates hydrofluoric acid erosion and acts as an electrostatic shield layer, limiting the outward migration of oxygen anions. Impressively, the modified materials exhibit significantly improved electrochemical performance, with a capacity retention of 79.7% after 500 cycles at 1C under 4.5 V. Furthermore, it provides an extraordinary capacity retention of 94.6% in 3–4.25 V after 550 cycles in pouch‐type full battery. This dual‐modification approach demonstrates its feasibility and opens new perspective for the development of stable lithium‐ion batteries operating at high voltages.
Progress in The Application of Flexible and Wearable Electrochemical Sensors in Monitoring Biomarkers of Athletes
Authors: Liu Yuteng , Luo Tingting , Ding Chengbiao , Xuan Lei , Li Jian , Yang Runhuai
Published: June 2024

Athletes continuously seek out creative methods and technologies to improve their physical fitness and overall performance. Wearable technology's progress offers a swift and eco‐conscious way to consistently observe physiological changes evidenced by biomarkers, stemming from an athlete's internal exertion or external workload. However, there is still a long distance to further understand the internal physiology of athletes which may bring hope to tailor training and recovery programs individually. The ongoing challenges faced by sports healthcare personnel are in finding biomarkers safely and continuously to control athletes' physical condition and tailor their recovery and eating patterns. The summary of this review encompasses the development of flexible and wearable electrochemical sensors. This article provides an overview of biofluids, commonly detected by wearable biochemical sensors and their mutual anatomical formations, with a focus on sweat and its associated biomarkers. Following this, its real‐world application in sports medicine becomes apparent, both theoretically and potentially. The paper ends by highlighting challenges and imagining the possible development of this exciting emerging field.
Assembly‐Driven Aggregation‐Induced Emission of Gold Nanoclusters with Excitation Wavelength‐Dependent Emission and Mechanochromic Property
Authors: Huang Yuanyuan , Han Xiaofei , Wang Li , Pei Renjun
Published: June 2024

Metal nanoclusters with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) characteristics are potential nanomaterial candidates for a wide array of advanced optical applications. In this study, a novel self‐assembly enhanced AIE strategy utilizing 6‐thioguanine (TG)‐protected gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) is fabricated with dual‐stimuli responsive modes of excitation wavelength‐dependent (Ex‐De) emission and mechanochromic properties. The sheetlike structures of AuNCs self‐assembly (AuNC sheets) with typical AIE characteristics are generated in bad solvent owing to the intermolecular hydrogen‐bonds interaction among guanine‐rich moieties of TG ligand. Interestingly, the maximum emission peaks of AuNC sheets are red‐shifted with the increased excitation wavelengths, indicating Ex‐De emission behavior. This phenomenon enables the achievement of wide‐range tunable photoluminescence (PL). In addition, the emission peak of AuNC sheets powders before and after grinding displays the bathochromic shift of 110 nm. The “off–on” switch of Ex‐De emission behavior in AuNC sheets can be manipulated by changing mechanical pressure. It is speculated that the tunable PL behavior of AuNC sheets originates from multiple excited states due to the existence of different Au(I)···Au(I) distances. The self‐assembly‐driven AIE strategy of AuNCs with stimuli‐responsive allochroic modes will facilitate the recording of rewritable information, opening up a new avenue for high‐throughput and multi‐dimensional optical security.
Highly Efficient Organic Light–Emitting Diode Using DNA as Scattering Layer
Authors: Kim Juri , Yeon Hyejeong , Choi Hye‐Ryung , Park Soon Mo , Huh Chang‐Hun , Choi Kyung Cheol , Yoon Dong Ki
Published: June 2024

Herein, an organic light–emitting diode (OLED) is fabricated with increased luminous efficiency and biocompatibility by topographic DNA film. In addition to the natural abundance and biocompatibility of DNA, its semi‐flexible characteristics facilitated the emergence of the liquid crystal phase, allowing the formation of a periodic wavy undulation structure by applying shear force. The resultant zigzag structure possesses sufficient periodicity and roughness, enhancing the effective scattering of emitted light. Furthermore, the DNA‐coated red OLED demonstrates cell proliferative effects and exhibits high electrical and thermal stability even in a bent state, suggesting its potential application in attachable OLED‐based light therapy.
Cerium‐Sensitized Highly Emissive 0D Cesium Cerium Terbium Chloride Alloy Nanocrystals for White Light Emission
Authors: Samanta Tuhin , Yadav Amar Nath , Han Joo Hyeong , Kim Minji , Jang Sung Woo , Viswanath Noolu Srinivasa Manikanta , Im Won Bin
Published: June 2024

Recently, lanthanide‐based 0D metal halides have garnered considerable attention owing to their applications in light–emitting diodes (LEDs), X‐ray imaging, and photodetectors. Among these materials, 0D Cs3TbCl6 (CTC) nanocrystals (NCs) have demonstrated promising performance in X‐ray imaging and light‐emitting diodes. However, a considerable drawback of CTC NCs is their limited absorption coefficient in the UV‐A region (315–380 nm). To address this limitation and enhance the absorption coefficient in the UV‐A region, Ce3+ is incorporated into CTC NCs—advantageous owing to the high absorption coefficient of Ce3+ in the UV‐A region, attributed to—4f‐5d orbital coupling. In addition, Ce3+ ions sensitize the luminescence of CTC NCs and enhance the photoluminescence quantum yield from 75% to 87%. Energy transfer from Ce3+ to Tb3+ is investigated at different dopant ratios. Furthermore, Cs3CeTbCl6 (CCTC) NCs have been utilized in white LED devices. Understanding such competitive energy transfer in lanthanide‐based perovskite‐inspired metal halides will facilitate the development of novel luminescent metal halides for lighting applications.
Reactive DC Sputtered TiO2Electron Transport Layers for Cadmium‐Free Sb2Se3Solar Cells
Authors: Don Christopher H. , Shalvey Thomas P. , Sindi Daniya A. , Lewis Bradley , Swallow Jack E. N. , Bowen Leon , Fernandes Daniel F. , Kubart Tomas , Biswas Deepnarayan , Thakur Pardeep K. , Lee Tien‐Lin , Major Jonathan D.
Published: June 2024

The evolution of Sb2Se3heterojunction devices away from CdS electron transport layers (ETL) to wide bandgap metal oxide alternatives is a critical target in the development of this emerging photovoltaic material. Metal oxide ETL/Sb2Se3device performance has historically been limited by relatively low fill factors, despite offering clear advantages with regards to photocurrent collection. In this study, TiO2ETLs are fabricated via direct current reactive sputtering and tested in complete Sb2Se3devices. A strong correlation between TiO2ETL processing conditions and the Sb2Se3solar cell device response under forward bias conditions is observed and optimized. Numerical device models support experimental evidence of a spike‐like conduction band offset, which can be mediated, provided a sufficiently high conductivity and low interfacial defect density can be achieved in the TiO2ETL. Ultimately, a SnO2:F/TiO2/Sb2Se3/P3HT/Au device with the reactively sputtered TiO2ETL delivers an 8.12% power conversion efficiency (η), the highest TiO2/Sb2Se3device reported to‐date. This is achieved by a substantial reduction in series resistance, driven by improved crystallinity of the reactively sputtered anatase‐TiO2ETL, whilst maintaining almost maximum current collection for this device architecture.
Integrating dynamic economic optimization and encrypted control for cyber‐resilient operation of nonlinear processes
Authors: Kadakia Yash A. , Abdullah Fahim , Alnajdi Aisha , Christofides Panagiotis D.
Published: June 2024

This article proposes a two‐layer framework to maximize economic performance through dynamic process economics optimization while addressing fluctuating real‐world economics and enhancing cyberattack resilience via encryption in the feedback control layer for nonlinear processes. The upper layer employs a Lyapunov‐based economic model predictive control scheme, receiving updated economic information for each operating period, while the lower layer utilizes an encrypted linear feedback control system. Encrypted state information is decrypted in the upper layer to determine the economically optimal dynamic operating trajectory through nonlinear optimization. Conversely, the lower layer securely tracks this trajectory in an encrypted space without decryption. To mitigate the cyber vulnerability of the upper layer, we integrate a cyberattack detector that utilizes sensor‐derived data for attack detection. We quantify the errors stemming from quantization, disturbances, and sample‐and‐hold controller implementation. Simulation results of a nonlinear chemical process highlight the robustness and economic benefits of this new control architecture.
The Simpler the Better: One‐Pot Production of γ‐Valerolactone from Biomass Conversion through All‐In‐One Sc(OTf)3 Catalyzed Cascade Reaction
Authors: Hao Rui , Liu Tianwei , He Jianghua , Zhang Yuetao
Published: June 2024

γ‐Valerolactone (GVL) derived from non‐edible biomass resources has attracted much intense attention from both academia and industry, due to its excellent properties as green solvent and ideal renewable feedstock for production of bioenergy and biorefinery. However, the practical application of current synthetic technologies is restricted by complicated catalyst system and high production cost so far. Here we report a simple but highly efficient method to realize one‐pot synthesis of bio‐derived GVL by a series of Lewis acidic triflates (M(OTf)3 (M=Sc3+, Ln3+)) under mild condition, achieving up to 78 % GVL yield from furfural (FUR) without any additives or pretreatments. Systematic mechanistic studies, including reaction monitoring, identification of key intermediates and deuterium control experiments disclose the nature of such one‐pot conversion by all‐in‐one Sc(OTf)3. This system exhibits several excellent features such as commercially available and inexpensive catalyst, 100 % carbon atom‐economy, environmentally friend, simple preparation and separation procedures. This method could also be applied to the upstream raw materials, including xylose, hemicellulose and even corncob, achieving GVL in 36 %, 35 % and 21 % yields in one‐pot manner, respectively.
Material basis and pharmacodynamic mechanism of YangshenDingzhi granules in the intervention of viral pneumonia: Based on serum pharmacochemistry and network pharmacology
Authors: Xu Huirong , Dong Meiyue , Du Ruikun , Zhang Chengcheng , Chen Zinuo , Tian Guangyu , Cui Qinghua , Li Kejian
Published: June 2024

Background

YangshenDingzhi granules (YSDZ) are clinically effective in preventing and treating COVID‐19. The present study elucidates the underlying mechanism of YSDZ intervention in viral pneumonia by employing serum pharmacochemistry and network pharmacology.

Methods

The chemical constituents of YSDZ in the blood were examined using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole/orbitrap high‐resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC‐Q‐Exactive Orbitrap MS). Potential protein targets were obtained from the SwissTargetPrediction database, and the target genes associated with viral pneumonia were identified using GeneCards, DisGeNET, and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) databases. The intersection of blood component‐related targets and disease‐related targets was determined using Venny 2.1. Protein–protein interaction networks were constructed using the STRING database. The Metascape database was employed to perform enrichment analyses of Gene Ontology (GO) functions and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) signaling pathways for the targets, while the Cytoscape 3.9.1 software was utilized to construct drug‐component‐disease‐target‐pathway networks. Further, in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to establish the therapeutic effectiveness of YSDZ against viral pneumonia.

Results

Fifteen compounds and 124 targets linked to viral pneumonia were detected in serum. Among these, MAPK1, MAPK3, AKT1, EGFR, and TNF play significant roles. In vitro tests revealed that the medicated serum suppressed the replication of H1N1, RSV, and SARS‐CoV‐2 replicon. Further, in vivo testing analysis shows that YSDZ decreases the viral load in the lungs of mice infected with RSV and H1N1.

Conclusion

The chemical constituents of YSDZ in the blood may elicit therapeutic effects against viral pneumonia by targeting multiple proteins and pathways.
Single‐cell analysis of tumor microenvironment and cell adhesion reveals that interleukin‐1 beta promotes cancer cell proliferation in breast cancer
Authors: Wang Wenyan , Dong Gehong , Yang Ziguo , Li Shaoxiang , Li Jia , Wang Lin , Zhu Qiang , Wang Yuchen
Published: June 2024

Background

Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC), which is so called because of the lack of estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) receptors on the cancer cells, accounts for 10%–15% of all breast cancers. The heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment is high. However, the role of plasma cells controlling the tumor migration progression in TNBC is still not fully understood.

Methods

We analyzed single‐cell RNA sequencing data from five HER2 positive, 12 ER positive/PR positive, and nine TNBC samples. The potential targets were validated by immunohistochemistry.

Results

Plasma cells were enriched in TNBC samples, which was consistent with validation using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Cell communication analysis revealed that plasma cells interact with T cells through the intercellular adhesion molecule 2–integrin–aLb2 complex, and then release interleukin 1 beta (IL1B), as verified by immunohistochemistry, ultimately promoting tumor growth.

Conclusion

Our results revealed the role of plasma cells in TNBC and identified IL1B as a new prognostic marker for TNBC.
Establishment of a humanized ST6GAL1 mouse model for influenza research
Authors: Chao Lyu , Feng Han , Qian Gao , Limin Lv , Ziwei Lu , Shuangshuang Lu , Xiaoyan Li , Yuechao Hu , Mengjie Yang , Yingze Zhao , Jun Liu , Xuancheng Lu , Shuguang Duo
Published: June 2024

Background

This study aimed to construct and characterize a humanized influenza mouse model expressing hST6GAL1.

Methods

Humanized fragments, consisting of the endothelial cell‐specific K18 promoter, human ST6GAL1‐encoding gene, and luciferase gene, were microinjected into the fertilized eggs of mice. The manipulated embryos were transferred into the oviducts of pseudopregnant female mice. The offspring were identified using PCR. Mice exhibiting elevated expression of the hST6GAL1 gene were selectively bred for propagation, and in vivo analysis was performed for screening. Expression of the humanized gene was tested by performing immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis. Hematologic and biochemical analyses using the whole blood and serum of humanized hST6GAL1 mice were performed.

Results

Successful integration of the human ST6GAL1 gene into the mouse genome led to the overexpression of human SiaT ST6GAL1. Seven mice were identified as carrying copies of the humanized gene, and the in vivo analysis indicated that hST6GAL1 gene expression in positive mice mirrored influenza virus infection characteristics. The IHC results revealed that hST6GAL1 was expressed in the lungs of humanized mice. Moreover, the hematologic and biochemical parameters of the positive mice were within the normal range.

Conclusion

A humanized influenza mouse model expressing the hST6GAL1 gene was successfully established and characterized.
Human‐Derived Induced GABAergic Progenitor Cells Improve Cognitive Function in Mice and Inhibit Astrocyte Activation with Anti‐Inflammatory Exosomes
Authors: Chen Chunxia , Lan Zhaohui , Tang Xihe , Chen Wan , Zhou Xing , Su Hua , Su Rixiang , Chen Zhaolin , Chen Hongbo , Guo Ying , Deng Wenbin
Published: June 2024

Objective

The role of gamma‐aminobutyric acid‐ergic (GABAergic) neuron impairment in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and if and how transplantation of healthy GABAergic neurons can improve AD, remain unknown.

Methods

Human‐derived medial ganglionic eminence progenitors (hiMGEs) differentiated from programmed induced neural precursor cells (hiNPCs) were injected into the dentate gyrus region of the hippocampus (HIP).

Results

We showed that grafts migrate to the whole brain and form functional synaptic connections in amyloid precursor protein gene/ presenilin‐1 (APP/PS1) chimeric mice. Following transplantation of hiMGEs, behavioral deficits and AD‐related pathology were alleviated and defective neurons were repaired. Notably, exosomes secreted from hiMGEs, which are rich in anti‐inflammatory miRNA, inhibited astrocyte activation invitro and in vivo, and the mechanism was related to regulation of CD4+ Th1 cells mediated tumor necrosis factor (TNF) pathway.

Interpretation

Taken together, these findings support the hypothesis that hiMGEs transplantation is an alternative treatment for neuronal loss in AD and demonstrate that exosomes with anti‐inflammatory activity derived from hiMGEs are important factors for graft survival. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:488–507
Interactions between High Seroreactivity to Human Herpes Virus 6A and Epstein–Barr Virus in MS Development: A Presymptomatic Case–Control Study
Authors: Grut Viktor , Biström Martin , Salzer Jonatan , Stridh Pernilla , Jons Daniel , Gustafsson Rasmus , Huang Jesse , Bergström Tomas , Kockum Ingrid , Waterboer Tim , Olsson Tomas , Sundström Peter
Published: June 2024

Synergistic interactions between human herpesvirus 6A (HHV‐6A) and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) are hypothesized in the etiopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). This study investigated if HHV‐6A and EBV seroreactivities interact regarding the risk of developing MS. Antibodies against viral antigens were analyzed in biobank samples from 670 individuals who later developed MS and matched controls. Additive interactions were analyzed. A significant interaction between HHV‐6A and EBNA‐1 seroreactivities was observed in study participants above the median age of 24.9 years (attributable proportion due to interaction = 0.45). This finding supports the hypothesis that HHV‐6A and EBV infections interact in MS development. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:302–305