bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sending out an SOS: Signals from Conflict‐Affected Audiences in the Digital Communication Landscape
Authors: BURRELL CAPRI , ESFAHANI SARA PARVANEZADEH
Published: January 2025

Crisis events can profoundly alter a person's relationship with technology that require product solutions to meet user challenges during these periods of upheaval. We used digital ethnography in two recent events, the internet shutdown and blocking of WhatsApp during the protests in Iran (2022) and the Kahramanmaras earthquake in Turkey (2023) to examine real‐time community organization behaviors in technologically mediated settings in the context of conflict and disruption. In the case of the internet shutdown in Iran, we documented workarounds when access is blocked and when our app does not do the things people need it to do. In the case of the earthquake in Turkey, we learned how people share photos/videos and status updates for information sharing and raising awareness.
Introducing Ethnographic Practice to a 100‐Year‐Old Corporation in a Highly Regulated Industry
Authors: STOAKLEY DJUANA , SHAREEF AALIYAH
Published: January 2025

Our work in the Gulf South faces challenges and opportunities. Climate change impacts are severe, yet residents' awareness lags behind the US as a whole. The region encompasses impoverished communities, vibrant urban centers, farms, and a rich culture. To better understand the people of the region and to guide our product strategy, we–on the strategic design team–use ethnographic methods and systems thinking. Organizational skillsets and the pandemic posed obstacles. Ethnographic research shaped a digital tool for low‐to‐moderate income individuals to access energy assistance. We adopted co‐creation, involving stakeholders and considering customers as part of a larger system. The revised process led to a company‐wide working group and an Innovation Playbook. We successfully launched a streamlined digital application for energy assistance and backup power solutions for larger customers. We acknowledge frictions as part of the innovation process.
A Tale of Two Frictions: Building Ethical Software Solutions by Challenging Tech's Obsession with Efficiency: The Case of Salesforce Nonprofit Fundraising Teams
Authors: ARCE AZIRIA D. RODRIGUEZ
Published: January 2025

The enterprise technology ethos of efficiency biases corporate software development towards seamlessness. What happens when that ethos contradicts its clients' philosophies, needs, or goals? This case study presents a tale of two frictions. The first part chronicles our product team's dedication to streamlining our nonprofit client's organizational procedures and the unexpected challenges we encountered trying to achieve change. The second part describes my experience as a Latina researcher and how I used ethnographic research to smooth out internal process frictions, ultimately helping our teams find better solutions for our clients. This case study illustrates the productive and critical role that friction can play. It also provides frameworks and tools that empower researchers to challenge their teams and advocate for change within them.
Toilet Talk: The Subtle Art of Awkward Research
Authors: LAMBLA ANNIE , RONCERAY CAMILLE
Published: January 2025

Imagine you are dealing with bladder or bowel problems, and while sometimes your life is joyful, you also sometimes struggle so much you feel you have to hide from others. How likely are you to have a vulnerable conversation with a stranger through your bathroom door?

At Coloplast, we really interview people while they sit on the toilet; there are some taboo topics we can't avoid. Starting from how people “go to the bathroom,” our conversations expand into topics of their joys, hopes, and fears about life with intimate healthcare needs: e.g. ostomy care, urinary retention, bowel incontinence.

In this PechaKucha, we will explore how “user” and “researcher” perspectives echo each other as they interact. We acknowledge the delicate nature of these sensitive conversations, and we respect the difficulty of embracing vulnerability. This talk is a reflection on embracing the awkwardness of social taboo, and share more publicly about a sector that is highly regulated, competitive, and private. We will take the audience on a journey, from avoiding social friction – because the topic is taboo and uncomfortable, to letting social friction arise, and finally, feeling liberated by it.
Smelling Fear: How Tattooing Inspired Me to Explain Sensation
Authors: KISKADDON DUSTIN
Published: January 2025

I harness my experience as a tattoo artist to affirm the power of bodies and sensation in ethnography. The talk begins with a moment—me tattooing someone who grows silent, pale, and sweaty. I didn't know he was about to puke, but my mentor did, even though he was six feet away. How did he know, and I didn't?

It's because he could read the sensory cues of his environment. Over time, he learned to detect tiny changes in body odor and, more importantly, to use these changes to succeed at work. I had to do the same thing—or else make permanent mistakes while tattooing the squirming bodies of strangers for money.

As Simon Roberts teaches: Humans variously feel, touch, see, hear, and smell their way through the world. Each job, sport, or culture demands a localized form of sensory knowledge. People new to any scene develop this knowledge through exposure and experience, a process sociologists call “sensory socialization.” I affirm the need to explain sensory socialization and wonder aloud: How does this need play‐out across ethnographic practices? Are we (and our stakeholders) getting or missing the messages?
Friction as Sneaky Power
Authors: MCCARTHY TED
Published: January 2025

Friction frequently presents as a mere by‐product of daily life, the innocent outcome of inefficiency or ambivalence. But it can also be employed to powerful ends, and with intent—by individuals, organizations, corporations and governments. The world is in fact rife with expressions of clandestine power masquerading as accidental frictions: designs of technology, bureaucracy and policy that guide behavior without explicitly stating an intent to do so. These “sneaky frictions” allow the individuals or organizations employing them to express power while retaining an air of innocence, and defying critique. We researchers are uniquely equipped to identify and ameliorate these frictions. How might we better do so—or perhaps even employ them ourselves?
Toward an Ethnography of Friction and Ease in Complex Systems
Authors: CHESLUK BENJAMIN , YOUNGBLOOD MIKE
Published: January 2025

The stuff we ethnographers help to create is becoming more socially and technologically complex. Despite this, ethnographic practice in industry largely continues to rely on conceptual frameworks that favor relative simplicity. This paper describes our multi‐year collaboration to develop a set of concepts and resources to support complexity‐ and systems‐oriented thinking in design ethnography. Drawing on our own experiences as practicing anthropologists, we explore some of the ways in which three “frictions” hinder systemic thinking in user‐centered design research. These are the frictions of availability, dissonant knowledge, and entrenched praxis. Against these, we argue for a broader, systems‐sensitive approach to industry ethnography—one that seeks to understand both friction and ease for a wider range of human subjects and settings than are usually considered. Guided by perspectives from the social sciences and industry, as well as our own experience, we suggest turning our inquiry toward systems‐situated phenomena, exploring, specifically: interconnectedness, synthesis, and emergence. We then describe our own foray into “user ecosystem thinking,” a practical, experimental framework for applying a systems‐sensitive approach to research and design.
Repurposing bosentan as an anticancer agent: EGFR/ERK/c‐Jun modulation inhibits NSCLC tumor growth
Authors: Khalaf Marwa M. , Malak Marina N. , Alsahli Tariq G. , Althobaiti Musaad , Hamzawy Mohamed A. , Abdel‐Fattah Maha M.
Published: January 2025

Drug repurposing of well‐established drugs to be targeted against lung cancer has been a promising strategy. Bosentan is an endothelin 1 (ET‐1) blocker widely used in pulmonary hypertension. The current experiment intends to inspect the anticancer and antiangiogenic mechanism of bosentan targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) /extra‐cellular Signal Regulated Kinase (ERK) /c‐Jun/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) carcinogenic pathway. BALB/c mice were randomized into four groups, the first received the vehicle, the second received 100 mg/kg oral bosentan alone, the third has non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) induced by two doses of 1.5 g/kg urethane i.p. and finally the fourth has NSCLC received bosentan. To determine the anti‐proliferative impact of bosentan, cytokeratin 19 fragments (CYFRA 21‐1) level was assessed, and Ki‐67 positive cells were counted by immunohistochemical (IHC). Molecular expression of EGFR via IHC, relative expression of p‐ERK1/2 and p‐c‐Jun via western blotting and caspase 3, Bcl‐2 Associated X‐protein (BAX)/B‐cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‐2) ratio and VEGF via ELISA were quantified. Bosentan showed pronounced improvement in lung index and histopathological examinations. Bosentan exerted a noticeable arrest of lung cancer growth indicated by the attenuation of CYFRA 21‐1 and Ki‐67 positive cell counts besides the boost of BAX/Bcl‐2 ratio and caspase 3. Bosentan induced a remarkable decline of EGFR, T‐ERK1/2/p‐ERK1/2, T‐c‐Jun/p‐c‐Jun, and VEGF. Bosentan induced cytotoxic and anti‐angiogenic impact through regulation of EGFR/ERK/c‐Jun/VEGF axis suggesting its potential therapeutic impact against lung cancer.
Burbot Population Dynamics in Northern Lake Michigan, 2001–2023, and Predation on Newly Stocked Lake Trout by Burbot
Authors: Madenjian Charles P. , Leonhardt Benjamin S. , Dieter Patricia M. , Farha Steven A.
Published: January 2025

Although the worldwide status of burbot (Lota lota) across its Holarctic distribution has recently been assessed, adverse effects of dreissenid mussels on burbot abundance in waters invaded by mussels have not been investigated. We analyzed data from an annual spring gillnet survey to characterize burbot population dynamics in northern Lake Michigan during 2001–2023. Adult burbot abundance in northern Lake Michigan trended neither significantly upward nor downward during 2001–2023. Thus, expansion of the quagga mussel (Dreissena rostriformis bugensis) population into deeper waters of Lake Michigan during 2003–2008 had no detectable negative effects on burbot abundance. Burbot continued to feed on lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) stocked in the Northern Refuge of Lake Michigan through 2023, which supported a hypothesis that the burbot population potentially impeded lake trout restoration in the refuge.
Integrating Dental Professionals Into Aged Care With Focus on Australia: A Scoping Review
Authors: West Kelsey , Saunders Julie , Slack‐Smith Linda
Published: January 2025

Objectives

To summarise the current evidence on the involvement of dental hygienists (DHs) in residential aged care facilities (RACFs) with respect to the feasibility of integration improved oral health for residents with dementia and multidisciplinary collaboration.

Background

The oral health of RACF residents with dementia is reported to be poor. However, little is known about how DHs can be integrated into RACFs to improve oral health, particularly as part of a multidisciplinary team.

Method

A scoping review was undertaken in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) method. Multiple databases were searched for peer‐reviewed articles and grey literature that included a DH working in a RACF with dementia patients, or as part of a multidisciplinary team. Data were charted using a modified version of the JBI source of evidence template.

Results

Fifty‐eight studies were identified for inclusion. Integration strategies were categorised as support‐focused or service‐focused, but there was little evaluation of their feasibility. Five key facilitators to multidisciplinary collaboration were identified: using multiple strategies; clearly defining roles; changes to existing administrative systems; fostering multidisciplinary collaboration skills; and encouraging innovation. However, no examples of collaboration within RACFs were identified.

Conclusion

There has been limited effort in multidisciplinary collaboration or integration of DHs into RACFs with some evidence that both support‐focused and service‐focused strategies can improve the oral health of residents with dementia.
Friction and Fragility in Encountering Cultural Difference: Why Global South Fulbright Students Withdraw From Cosmopolitanism in the United States
Authors: You Shunan
Published: January 2025

Scholars have extensively written about how convivial cross‐cultural encounters, driven by global mobility, underpin mutual understanding and cosmopolitan aspirations. However, little attention has been paid to encounters that cause friction or require considerable effort to bridge differences. This paper centres on conflictual and negative experiences of encountering cultural diversity through the lens of Global South Fulbright students in the Boston area of the United States. As one of the most prestigious educational and cultural exchange programmes in the United States, the Fulbright Program advocates for cultural diplomacy, and its participants are regarded as cultural ambassadors to enhance cross‐cultural understandings. By examining the unfavourable experiences of these cosmopolitan‐oriented students, I develop a framework to analyse how the friction and fragility of cosmopolitanism are produced through interpersonal, structural and circumstantial causes, leading to their withdrawal from cosmopolitanism. This framework helps analyse challenges to cosmopolitanism in a post‐pandemic world marked by growing xenophobia and provincialism.
Gender analysis of editorial boards and authorship in leading endodontics journals
Authors: Massa Graziela dos Santos , Barbosa Ana Flávia Almeida , Britto Giovanna Alves , Silva Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal , Sarkis Onofre Rafael , dos Santos Ana Paula Pires , Sassone Luciana Moura
Published: January 2025

Aim

To evaluate the presence of women on editorial boards and as authors in leading global endodontics journals from 2018 to 2023.

Methodology

The selection of journals was based on the impact factor from Journal Citation Reports (JCR) and CiteScore 2022, with criteria of JCR above 1 and CiteScore above 1.5. Editorial board members were categorized as editor‐in‐chief and associate editor. Authorship was categorized into first, last, and corresponding author roles. The names of editorial board members and authors were extracted into an Excel spreadsheet, and gender analysis was conducted using the platforms Genderize, PubMed, Scopus, ResearchGate, and author's affiliated institutions' websites, categorized in a binary way. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data on the editorial board. A Poisson regression analysis was performed to investigate the prevalence ratio (PR) of female authorship compared with male authorship in the roles of first, last, and corresponding author. The Chi‐square test was performed to evaluate the associations between female authors in prominent positions and the presence of other female authors.

Results

A total of four journals were analysed, identifying 24 editors‐in‐chief and 233 associate editors. None of the editor‐in‐chief were women, and 23 (9.8%) of the associate editors were female. Amongst the 8965 authors identified, 2983 (33.2%) were female: 1288 (41.1%) were first authors, 827 (27.7%) were last authors and 928 (31.1%) were correspondence authors. The PR for female corresponding authors was higher in AEJ than in JOE (1.07 [CI 1.03–1.11]), whilst the PR for female first authors was lower in IEJ than in JOE (0.96 [CI 0.93–0.99]). There was a lower PR for women as first authors in 2018 (0.94 [CI 0.90–0.99]) and as first (0.94 [CI 0.90–0.98]) and last (0.94 [CI 0.90–0.98)] authors in 2019 compared with 2023. The presence of women in prominent authorship positions was associated with increased female authorship in other positions (p < .01).

Conclusion

Female participation on editorial boards and as prominent authors in leading journals is low, indicating significant challenges. Increasing female presence in prominent authorship roles may lead to greater female participation in other authorship positions.
A New Anti‐Interfering Platelet Counting Technology Utilizing Conventional Impedance and White Blood Cell Differential Channel
Authors: Ye Yi , Cai Qi , Chen Gengwen , Liu Zongjun , Liu Yan , Bian Xiaosen , Yao Donglan , Xu Keqian
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Accurate platelet (PLT) counting is crucial for disease diagnosis and treatment, especially under the condition of thrombocytopenia and platelet transfusion. A few PLT counting approaches have been established including impedance and fluorescent methods. The impedance PLT counting (PLT‐I) approach could be interfered by small non‐PLT particles in the blood, such as RBC/WBC fragments, microcytes, bacteria, and cryoglobulins. The fluorescent PLT counting methods provide a more accurate but rather costly option. Thus, it is highly desirable to develop a new economic‐friendly approach with accurate platelet count. In this study, we introduced a novel hybrid PLT counting (PLT‐H) strategy to combine the count of smaller‐sized PLTs from impedance channel and larger‐sized PLTs from conventional white blood cell (WBC) channel to realize a low‐cost PLT count with high accuracy.

Methods

Blood samples with different PLT levels and no significant interfering factors (confirmed by blood smear) were collected. The PLTs were counted with BC‐6800Plus (PLT‐I) and compared with the PLT counts from the CD41/CD61 immunoplatelet (immunoPLT) reference method using Beckman Coulter FC‐500 flow cytometer. In addition, the morphology and internal structure of PLT treated with hemolytic agents of conventional WBC channel was observed with phase contrast microscopy and electron microscopy. Then the counting accuracy of PLT‐H was assessed by comparing PLT count results between BC‐720 (PLT‐H) and the CD41/CD61 immunoPLT reference method.

Results

By comparing PLT‐I with immunoPLT, it was found that the impedance PLT counting result will not be interfered by small non‐PLT particles when the size of PLT smaller than 10 fL. For large PLT (> 10 fL), PLT count in conventional WBC channel shows good correlations with immunoPLT. Furthermore, after treated with hemolytic agents the PLT still preserves an intact cellular structure and swells slightly, while RBCs are lysis and disappeared upon hemolytic treatment. Lastly, the novel PLT‐H result exhibits a good correlation with immunoPLT with a high correlation factor (r = 0.9911).

Conclusions

The new PLT counting method PLT‐H achieves high accuracy in blood samples with low‐cost, and it provide a novel strategy of combining traditional methods for high accurate counting in hematology laboratories.
South African single surgeon experience: Comparison of oncological outcomes, robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy versus open perineal radical prostatectomy
Authors: Dlamini Khayalethu C. S. , Coetzee Lance J. , Mathabe Kgomotso
Published: January 2025

Background

Studies comparing oncological outcomes between robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) and open radical prostatectomy (ORP) are often limited by bias because of their multi‐institutional and multiple surgeon design. Studies from a single institution and single surgeon are uncommon.

Objective

To compare oncological outcomes between RARP and ORP at a single institution by a single surgeon.

Design, setting and participants

A retrospective cohort study of 2376 men with localized prostate cancer who underwent either RARP or ORP, from 1995 to 2020 at single institution, by one surgeon was done. The first 100 cases were discounted in both cohorts to account for the learning curve.

Measurements

Positive surgical margin (PSM) and biochemical recurrence (BCR) rates were measured for each cohort.

Results

A total of 1566 men underwent ORP and 810 underwent RARP. BCR rates of 29.2% were found in the ORP group versus 19.5% in the RARP group (p < 0.001). PSM rates of 15.4% were found in the ORP group versus 9.0% in the RARP group (p < 0.001). A multivariate analysis of preoperative prostate specific antigen (PSA) and tumor stage (T) shows no statistically significant association with recurrence when controlled for surgical technique.

Conclusions

RARP produces better oncological outcomes when compared to ORP when performed by one experienced surgeon at a single institution.

Patient summary

In this large study of men with prostate cancer still localized to the prostate. We found that better cancer removal and chances of cancer recurrence are reduced by a robot‐assisted prostate removal technique, compared to the traditional open technique.
The Evolving T Cell Receptor Recognition Code: The Rules Are More Like Guidelines
Authors: Gray George I. , Chukwuma P. Chukwunalu , Eldaly Bassant , Perera W. W. J. Gihan , Brambley Chad A. , Rosales Tatiana J. , Baker Brian M.
Published: January 2025

αβ T cell receptor (TCR) recognition of peptide–MHC complexes lies at the core of adaptive immunity, balancing specificity and cross‐reactivity to facilitate effective antigen discrimination. Early structural studies established basic frameworks helpful for understanding and contextualizing TCR recognition and features such as peptide specificity and MHC restriction. However, the growing TCR structural database and studies launched from structural work continue to reveal exceptions to common assumptions and simplifications derived from earlier work. Here we explore our evolving understanding of TCR recognition, illustrating how structural and biophysical investigations regularly uncover complex phenomena that push against paradigms and expand our understanding of how TCRs bind to and discriminate between peptide/MHC complexes. We discuss the implications of these findings for basic, translational, and predictive immunology, including the challenges in accounting for the inherent adaptability, flexibility, and occasional biophysical sloppiness that characterize TCR recognition.
Exploring the Effect of Cultural Inspiration Distance and Timing on Designer’ Creativity in Targeted Cultural Creative Design Pattern
Authors: Chen Guodong , Li Zuting , Zhao Qixun , Kong Bei , Gao Yana , Pan Rong
Published: January 2025

Cultural creative design activity and education involve the application of cultural inspiration. This study examines the impact of cultural inspiration distance and timing on designer’ creativity in Targeted Cultural Creative Design Pattern (TCCDP). Four design novice groups attended the cultural product design experiment with a combination of distance (far or near‐cultural inspiration) and timing (receiving inspiration at the beginning or during design). Each participant produced multiple ideas and one final concept based on a given product theme. The results showed an Interaction Effect between distance and timing on idea quantity, with timing having a greater impact on far‐cultural inspiration (FCI) than near‐cultural inspiration (NCI). Exposure to FCI generated the most ideas at the beginning, while during design, the opposite was observed. Exposure to NCI generated a similar idea quantity in both timing. Distance displayed a Main Effect on concept quality, with exposure to NCI achieving higher quality (novelty; feasibility) final concept than exposure to FCI. It was also found that generating more ideas did not necessarily result in higher quality; a more effective strategy might generate a small number of ideas (about 5), and subsequently deepening and optimising the ideas. These findings are helpful to understand the role of cultural inspiration in cultural creative design education and practice.
Distinguishing Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy From Mimic Disorders: The Role of Statistical Modeling
Authors: Swart Grace , Skolka Michael P. , Shelly Shahar , Lewis Richard A. , Allen Jeffrey A. , Dubey Divyanshu , Niu Zhiyv , Spies Judith , Laughlin Ruple S. , Thakolwiboon Smathorn , Santilli Ashley R. , Rashed Hebatallah , Mirman Igal , Swart Alexander , Berini Sarah E. , Shouman Kamal , Pinto Marcus V. , Mauermann Michelle L. , Mills John R. , Dyck P. James B. , Harmsen William S. , Mandrekar Jay , Klein Christopher J.
Published: January 2025

Background and Aims

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is difficult to distinguish from mimicking disorders, with misdiagnosis resulting in IVIG overutilization. We evaluate a clinical‐electrophysiological model to facilitate CIDP versus mimic neuropathy prediction.

Methods

Using the European Academy of Neurology/Peripheral Nerve Society (EAN/PNS) 2021 CIDP guidelines we derived 26 clinical and 144 nerve conduction variables. The model was generated and validated utilizing total CIDP (n = 129) and mimics (n = 309); including (1) IgG4‐nodopathies; (2) POEMS (polyneuropathy–organomegaly–endocrinopathy–monoclonal protein‐skin changes); (3) anti‐myelin‐associated‐glycoprotein; (4) paraneoplastic; (5) Waldenström B‐cell lymphoma; (6) diabetic neuropathies; (7) amyloidosis; (8) Charcot–Marie–Tooth; (9) motor neuropathies/neuronopathies; and (10) idiopathic‐inflammatory‐myopathies.

Results

We analyzed 9282 clinical and 51 408 electrophysiological data points. Univariate analysis identified 11 of 26 clinical variables with significant odds ratios. A multivariate regression model using four clinical and two electrophysiologic variables achieved 93% area‐under‐curve (95% CI 91–95): progression over 8 weeks (OR 40.66, 95% CI 5.31–311.36), absent autonomic involvement (OR 17.82, 95% CI 2.93–108.24), absent muscle atrophy (OR 16.65, 95% CI 3.27–84.73), proximal weakness (OR 3.63, 95% CI 1.58–8.33), ulnar motor conduction velocity slowing < 35.7 m/s (OR 5.21, 95% CI 2.13–12.76), and ulnar motor conduction block (OR 13.37, 95% CI 2.47–72.40). A web‐based probability calculator (https://news.mayocliniclabs.com/cidp‐calculator/) was developed, with 100% sensitivity and 68% specificity at a 92% probability threshold. Specificity improved to 93% when considering “red flags,” electrophysiologic criteria, and laboratory testing.

Interpretation

A probability calculator using clinical electrophysiological variables assists CIDP differentiation from mimics, with scores below 92% unlikely to have CIDP. The highest specificity is achieved by considering clinical “red flags,” electrophysiologic demyelination, and laboratory testing.
A Retrospective Cohort Study Comparing the Clinical Outcomes of the Hydrosurgery System and Traditional Single‐Incision Surgery for Axillary Osmidrosis
Authors: Xia Lufan , He Mu , Liu Xiaoqiang , Zhang Jinghong , Chen Ying , Zhang Jiaping
Published: January 2025

Purpose

To compare the postoperative scarring, complication rates, and efficacy between the hydrosurgery system and traditional single‐incision surgical techniques for treating axillary osmidrosis.

Methods

A retrospective collection was conducted of all patients who underwent radical surgery for axillary osmidrosis at the Day Surgery Unit of the Department of Plastic Surgery at the First Affiliated Hospital of the Army Medical University from January 2023 to January 2024. Patients were screened based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and divided into the hydrosurgery group and the traditional surgery group. The evaluation was done through medical records, follow‐up records, electronic questionnaires, and photographs. Assessments included 6‐month postoperative scarring conditions, comprehensive effectiveness scores, postoperative odor/hair/sweating scores, postoperative dermatological life quality scores, and complication rates.

Results

A total of 73 patients completed this study: 34 in the hydrosurgery group and 39 in the traditional surgery group. 6 months postoperatively, the hydrosurgery group had significantly lower scores of the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS), 0.5 (range 0.0–2.0) compared with 1.5 (range 0.5–3.0) in the traditional surgery group (p = 0.018). The incidence of complications such as subcutaneous hematoma, epidermal necrosis, and wound dissidence was also lower (26.5% vs. 51.3%, p = 0.031). Additionally, the surgical incision length in the hydrosurgery group was significantly smaller than in the traditional surgery group (1.200 cm (1.000, 1.275) vs. 2.500 cm (2.500, 3.000), p < 0.001). There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding comprehensive effectiveness scores, postoperative odor/hair/sweating scores, postoperative dermatological life quality index, and surgical duration.

Conclusion

Compared with traditional single‐incision surgical techniques, patients in the hydrosurgery group exhibited lower scar scores 6 months postsurgery, required smaller surgical incisions, and had lower rates of surgical complications. Thus, the hydrosurgery is suitable for the minimally invasive surgical treatment of axillary osmidrosis, offering a safe, effective, and aesthetically superior treatment method.
School‐Based Physical Activity Program Implementation Is Enhanced With Support From Community‐Based Partners
Authors: Packebush Thomas , Ahern Katherine , Brody Barbara , Gunter Katherine
Published: January 2025

Background

School‐based physical activity (PA) programs are an equitable, evidence‐based approach to combat health and PA disparities. This study examined factors associated with implementation of BE Physically Active 2Day (BEPA 2.0), a K‐5 school‐based PA program, and examined how support from Cooperative Extension via Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Education (SNAP‐Ed) partners influenced implementation.

Methods

Teachers in schools receiving BEPA 2.0 trainings were surveyed about program use 3–6 months post‐training. Descriptive and chi‐square analyses were conducted to evaluate the relationships between implementation factors (e.g., training, support, barriers) and program delivery. Logistic regression was used to summarize the odds of program delivery related to implementation factors.

Findings

Responses were returned by 355 teachers. The odds of program delivery among trained respondents were 2.64 (1.22, 5.47) times the odds among untrained respondents. Most implementors (72.4%) provided activities 1–2 times/week. More frequent implementation (≥ 3 times/week) [OR = 2.43 (1.27, 4.73)] and fewer barriers were reported among those who received support from SNAP‐Ed partners (p = 0.01).

Implications for School Health Policy, Practice, and Equity

SNAP‐Ed program partnerships should be considered when implementing school‐based strategies to increase PA opportunities for vulnerable youth.

Conclusions

High PA program implementation among trained teachers was enhanced with partner support.
Global and Regional Trends in Paediatric Neuroblastoma Incidence and Mortality, 1990–2021: An Inequality and Projection Analysis
Authors: Fan Yue , Zhang Jian , Liang Hao , Zhang Yong
Published: January 2025

Background

Neuroblastoma stands as the most prevalent extracranial solid tumour in children, yet its epidemiological profile on global, regional, and national scales remains insufficiently explored.

Methods

Long‐term trends in the incidence and mortality of paediatric neuroblastoma from 1990 to 2021 were analysed globally, regionally, and nationally using estimated annual percentage changes. Cross‐national disparities in the burden of paediatric neuroblastoma were quantified through standard health equity methodologies, with projections of burden shifts extending to 2035.

Results

From 1990 to 2021, the global age‐standardised death rate for paediatric neuroblastoma increased from 0.19 (95% UI, 0.16–0.23) to 0.21 (95% UI, 0.14–0.28) per 100 000 population, with an EAPC of 0.2. Regionally, both mortality and incidence rates were highest in low‐middle SDI regions and lowest in Oceania. Mortality rates were highest among males aged 12–23 months and females aged 6–11 months, while incidence rates were most pronounced in children aged 2–4 years. Cross‐country inequality analyses indicated a reduction in disparities between high and low SDI countries; however, the concentration index revealed an increase in the inequality of burden distribution. The global burden of paediatric neuroblastoma is projected to continue rising through 2035.

Conclusions

Over the past 30 years, global incidence and mortality rates for paediatric neuroblastoma have risen, particularly in low‐SDI regions, whereas high‐SDI regions have witnessed a downward trend. Although disparities between high‐ and low‐SDI countries have diminished, inequality in burden distribution has grown more pronounced. The global burden of paediatric neuroblastoma is expected to continue its upward trajectory over the next 15 years.
Hypercalcaemia in association with Sertoli cell tumour in a dog
Authors: Strait K. , Mickelson M. A. , Hildebrandt I. , Skinner O.
Published: January 2025

A 9‐year‐old, presumed male castrated mixed breed dog was evaluated for lethargy, hyporexia, polyuria, polydipsia and diffuse gynaecomastia. Bloodwork revealed severe hypercalcaemia and hyposthenuria. CT scan showed a caudal abdominal mass consistent with a Sertoli cell tumour on cytology. Diffuse, nodular mammary gland enlargement was consistent with mammary gland hyperplasia on cytology. A malignancy panel was inconsistent with hyperparathyroidism and showed a normal PTHrP. Abdominal exploratory laparotomy, abdominal mass resections and right chain mammectomy were performed. Sertoli cell tumour and mammary gland hyperplasia were confirmed via histopathology. Hypercalcaemia decreased to within normal range and gynaecomastia in the left mammary chain resolved postoperatively. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first case report of hypercalcaemia associated with Sertoli cell tumour in a dog. While several mechanisms have been proposed for hypercalcaemia of malignancy, the mechanism is unclear in this case.
Liver GPBAR1 Associates With Immune Dysfunction in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis and Its Activation Attenuates Cholestasis in Abcb4−/− Mice
Authors: Di Giorgio Cristina , Urbani Ginevra , Marchianò Silvia , Biagioli Michele , Bordoni Martina , Bellini Rachele , Massa Carmen , Lachi Ginevra , Cari Luigi , Morretta Elva , Spinelli Lucio , Monti Maria Chiara , Sepe Valentina , Zampella Angela , Distrutti Eleonora , Banales Jesus M. , Lapitz Ainhoa , Milkiewicz Piotr , Milkiewicz Malgorzata , Fiorucci Stefano
Published: January 2025

Background and Aims

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic cholestatic liver disease characterised by progressive biliary inflammation and fibrosis, leading to liver cirrhosis and cholangiocarcinoma. GPBAR1 (TGR5) is a G protein‐coupled receptor for secondary bile acids. In this study, we have examined the therapeutic potential of BAR501, a selective GPBAR1 agonist in a PSC model.

Methods

Single‐cell analysis of healthy human liver samples and gene expression analysis of PSC liver samples were conducted. In vitro studies on a human cholangiocyte cell line (NHC), U937 and human hepatic stellate cells (hSteCs) were performed. Additionally, Abcb4−/− mice were treated with BAR501 for 12–24 weeks.

Results

Single‐cell analysis demonstrated that GPBAR1 is expressed by macrophages, NK cells, sinusoidal cells and to a lesser extent by cholangiocytes. Total liver expression of GPBAR1 increases in PSC patients compared to that in healthy controls and positively correlates with markers for monocytes and NK cells and cytokeratin 19. In vitro treatment of NHCs with BAR501 reversed the acquisition of a pro‐inflammatory phenotype and the downregulation of GPBAR1 expression promoted by LPS in an NF‐κB‐dependent manner. Treating Abcb4−/− mice reduced bile duct inflammation and liver fibrosis and prevented the downregulation of GPBAR1 expression. Treating mice with BAR501 also modulated the bile acid pool composition and reduced the dysbiosis‐associated gut permeability, and intestinal and systemic inflammation. Ex vivo experiments using conditioned media from BAR501‐treated cholangiocytes mitigated the activation of macrophages.

Conclusions

Our study provides evidence for the therapeutic potential of selective GPBAR1 agonists in intestinal inflammation–associated cholestasis, warranting the evaluation of BAR501 in PSC patients.
Using X‐ray computed microtomography (μCT) to determine subsample‐specific cosmogenic noble gas production rates of E (enstatite) chondrites
Authors: Mijjum M. , Andrews B. J. , McCoy T. J. , Corrigan C. M. , Caffee M. W. , Tremblay M. M.
Published: January 2025

Cosmic ray exposure (CRE) ages provide information about the parent bodies and source regions of meteorite classes. Cosmogenic noble gases are often used to quantify exposure time scales ranging from tens of ka to hundreds of Ma. The production rate of cosmogenic noble gases is primarily controlled by a meteorite's chemical composition. Historically, an average chemical composition for an entire meteorite class or subgroup was used to calculate production rates. At the scale needed for noble gas measurements, however, some meteorites exhibit mineral abundance variabilities that translate into chemical heterogeneities, necessitating subsample‐specific production rates. We find that the metal and sulfide content can vary significantly between ~100 and 300 mg subsamples of the same enstatite (E) chondrite, leading to >10% differences in cosmogenic 21Ne production rates between subsamples. We demonstrate an approach to determining subsample‐specific production rates using E chondrites. We use electron microprobe analysis and X‐ray computed microtomography to quantify the chemical composition and abundances, respectively, of metal, sulfide, and silicate minerals in six E chondrites and calculate subsample‐specific production rates of 3He and 21Ne. By applying this method to more E chondrite subsamples alongside noble gas measurements, we may begin to address broader questions, such as whether peaks in the E chondrite CRE age distribution can be attributed to distinct impact events.
Spiny mice (Acomys) have evolved cellular features to support regenerative healing
Authors: Allen Robyn S. , Seifert Ashley W.
Published: January 2025

Spiny mice (Acomys spp.) are warm‐blooded (homeothermic) vertebrates whose ability to restore missing tissue through regenerative healing has coincided with the evolution of unique cellular and physiological adaptations across different tissue types. This review seeks to explore how these bizarre rodents deploy unique or altered injury response mechanisms to either enhance tissue repair or fully regenerate excised tissue compared to closely related, scar‐forming mammals. First, we examine overall trends in healing Acomys tissues, including the cellular stress response, the ability to activate and maintain cell cycle progression, and the expression of certain features in reproductive adults that are normally associated with embryos. Second, we focus on specific cell types that exhibit precisely regulated proliferation to restore missing tissue. While Acomys utilize many of the same cell types involved in scar formation, these cells exhibit divergent activation profiles during regenerative healing. Considered together, current lines of evidence support sustained deployment of proregenerative pathways in conjunction with transient activation of fibrotic pathways to facilitate regeneration and improve tissue repair in Acomys.
Scoping the suitability of water‐tolerant species of trees for swamp restorations across Australia and its Great Barrier Reef catchment
Authors: Canning Adam D.
Published: January 2025

Wetlands are vital for humanity and include some of the most productive, diverse, and service‐rich ecosystems in the world. Service provided include food production (e.g., fish, birds, and vegetables), protection from flooding and storm surge inundation, provision of clean water and climate stability, and timber resources for construction. Despite these benefits, vast areas of wetlands have been drained across the globe, including in Australia. With growing awareness of the value of wetlands, there is increasing push to restore wetlands and the values they support, such as carbon sequestration. A major challenge for restoration practitioners is to identify what land parcels could be restored and what species they could support. This study scoped the environmental suitability of 125 water‐tolerant species of trees across Australia, using random forest modeling to relate records observed within the Atlas of Living Australia database with spatial datasets of soil and climatic characteristics and water observations from space. Of the 125 species of trees examined, 105 species were modeled with excellent performance. Models were then used to predict tree suitability for existing wetlands nationally, as well as across potentially suitable restoration sites within the Great Barrier Reef catchment, given the strong push for wetland restoration to improve water quality. Within the Great Barrier Reef catchment, over 2200 land parcels covering over 20,000 ha were identified as being potentially suitable for restoration with diverse tree swamps. This study allows restoration practitioners to identify where swamp restoration could occur and potentially suitable trees for planting at those locations.
Engaging with young professionals in transfusion medicine: Insights from a needs assessment survey targeting an international cohort
Authors: McGowan Eunike C. , Lewin Antoine , Ou‐Yang Jian , Mandal Saikat , Almozain Nour , Ambaye Abiy Belay , Ribeiro Jannison Karlly Cavalcante , Boateng Lilian Antwi , Dinardo Carla Luana , Langi Sasongko Praiseldy ,   the Young Professionals Council
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives

Professionals who work or study in transfusion medicine under 40 years of age are considered young professionals (YPs) by the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT). While the ISBT provides opportunities for YPs, their needs have to be assessed to customize initiatives in a way that could potentially improve their engagement. This survey aimed to assess the needs of YPs in transfusion medicine and understand their perspectives on future ISBT initiatives.

Materials and Methods

Between January and February 2023, a 28‐question online survey was accessible through a generalized link across the ISBT network. Skip‐logic responses from 352 YPs, including 151 ISBT members and 201 non‐members, were analysed. Each question varied in the number of responders and, consequently, the number of responses.

Results

Firstly, the most important needs of YPs from the survey were educational opportunities and training programmes, with 70% of respondents indicating for educational content in specific fields of transfusion. Secondly, Transfusion Today published by the ISBT (46.9%) ranked the highest in engagement, while ISBT Academy and Academy funding ranked the lowest (12.8%). ISBT members reported attending ISBT activities or using ISBT resources more often than non‐members, although this was not statistically significant. The primary barrier preventing both non‐members and ISBT members from engaging in ISBT activities was a lack of awareness.

Conclusion

Raising awareness on a regular basis, a customized communication style (e.g., by a representative or different languages) and activities for non‐members may be key to improving YP engagement and expanding the ISBT network.
Evaluation of a patient‐specific 3D‐printed guide for ventral slot surgery in dogs: An ex vivo study
Authors: Walker Meagan A. , Ogilvie Adam T. , McSorley Grant , Montelpare William , Hoddinott Katie L.
Published: January 2025

Objective

To evaluate the accuracy of ventral slot creation in canine cadavers with a three‐dimensional (3D)‐printed drill guide compared to the freehand technique.

Study design

Ex vivo study.

Sample population

Eight canine cadavers (23.4–39.8 kg).

Methods

Computed tomography (CT) data was used to create patient‐specific 3D‐printed surgical guides for ventral slot creation. Intervertebral sites were randomized to undergo either a guided (n = 12) or freehand (n = 12) ventral slot by a novice surgery resident. Postoperative CT images were used to compare ventral slot dimensions, shape, and position.

Results

Free‐hand ventral slots were significantly shorter than the intended dimensions (p < .01). Dimensions of the guide‐assisted ventral slots were not statistically different from the planned dimensions (p = .88, p = .72). Use of the guides resulted in improved accuracy for ventral slot positioning relative to midline and slot shape (difference in coefficient of variations, 32%, and 40%, respectively).

Conclusion

Ventral slot dimensions were more accurate when created with the patient‐specific 3D‐printed guide compared to the freehand technique.

Clinical significance

Use of a 3D‐printed patient specific surgical guide improves accuracy of ventral slot creation in canine cadavers and improves surgical precision when used by a single novice surgical resident. The results of this study support evaluation of the guides in small breed cadavers and live patients.
Hydro, Wave and Tidal Energy Applications
Authors: Rao K.R
Published: January 2025

The fourth installment in ASME's Renewable Energy Series, Hydro, Wave and Tidal Energy Applications offers a comprehensive update to global energy resources previously discussed in the Energy and Power Generation Handbook, 2011. Building upon the foundation of its predecessors on Solar, Biomass and Waste, and Wind Energy, this volume delivers essential insights into hydro, wave, and tidal energy advancements worldwide.

Drawing from extensive secondary sources and global perspectives, this volume provides engineers, policymakers, and renewable energy researchers with a vital resource for understanding the evolving role of hydro, wave, and tidal energy in today's energy landscape. A must-read for professionals dedicated to advancing sustainable energy solutions across the globe.
Hydro Power Africa
Authors: Rao K. R.
Published: January 2025

Chapter 6 deals with Africa's hydro power problems and prospects impacted by climate evident on the continents' population. The hydro and wave power potential of the African subcontinent has hardly influenced the alleviation of nation's poverty level. In this chapter we chronicle the influence of climate, role of the dams and reservoirs, document people's problems and prospects, profile hydro and wave potential for power generation, and the future of both hydro and wave power for Africa and finally their role in sustainability of this continent's growth.
Global Wave and Tidal Energy
Authors: Rao K. R.
Published: January 2025

Marine Energy is not necessarily same as Ocean Power. Marine energy can be created in the ocean as also in rivers, lakes, streams, estuaries, and more. The difference between ocean energy and tidal energy is that tidal energy uses gravitational pull of earth, moon and sun to produce energy whereas wave energy uses kinetic forces of waves to generate electricity. The tides at shorelines of oceans will rise and fall twice a day.

Marine energy or marine power is also referred to as ocean energy, ocean power, or marine and hydrokinetic energy. energy refer to the energy carried by ocean waves, tides salinity, and ocean temperature differences. The movement of water in the world’s oceans creates a vast store of kinetic energy, or energy in motion. Some of this energy can be harnessed to generate electricity to power homes, transport and industries. The term marine energy encompasses both wave power i.e., power from surface waves, and tidal power obtained from the kinetic energy of large bodies of moving water. The oceans have a tremendous amount of energy and are close to many if not most concentrated populations. Ocean energy has the potential of providing a substantial amount of new renewable energy around the world. substantial amount of renewable energy around the world.