bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study on China’s Generative AI Regulations
Authors:   LAW RESEARCH INSTITUTE CHUNGBUK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Lee Sang-Woo
Published: July 2023

CAC on April 11 issued draft Measures to govern generative AI service provision in China. The draft Measures related to the regulation of generative AI. However, in terms of technical features(①data; ②algorithm; ③AIGC; ④forming public opinion), there are current laws and regulations(①Cybersecurity Law·Data Security Law·PIPL; ②Algorithm Regulation; ③Deepfake Regulation; ④Public Opinion Regulation). As abovementioned, China had a way to regulate generative. Nevertheless, the reason for rushing to enact the Measures is that generative AI has caused great social repercussions. China stipulates the protection of IP rights and personal information, and the prevention of monopoly of Big Tech to fill the legislative gap. A careful examination of the Measures reveals that the main purpose of enacting the Measures is not to resolve conflicts of rights. It focuses on strengthening national security in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Because, in the process of data processing using AI technology, information related to national security may be exposed, and users can make behaviors that threaten social order by distributing AIGC. In addition, China’s expert groups take it as a serious problem that the gap in AI skills between the US and China will fundamentally affect the national competitiveness of the two countries. In order for Chinese Big Tech to narrow the technological gap amid adverse circumstances the legislation and policies will have to be supported. From this point of view, it is difficult to see that the Measures is intended to add new regulations on generative AI. Rather, it can be seen as an attempt to strengthen the technological capabilities of Chinese Big Tech while maintaining the current level of regulation on generative AI. In addition, it implies the intention to use the Measures when a situation that threatens national security triggered by generative AI.
Interpretation of a Product Claim Where a Manufacturing Process is Described: Supreme Court 2019Hu11541 Decision
Authors:   LAW RESEARCH INSTITUTE CHUNGBUK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, JUNG Chaho , SHIN Hye Eun
Published: July 2023

In some cases, a manufacturing process is described in a claim of a product. The Korea Supreme Court 2019Hu11541 decision presented a new legal principle regarding the interpretation of such a claim. The claim at issue regarding a three-dimensional fabric shape (blind) included terms that appear to be descriptions of manufacturing processes. The Korea Patent Court interpreted the target claim as a product-by-process claim, a so-called ‘PbP claim’. However, the Korea Supreme Court established the legal principle for the first time that even if a manufacturing process is included, if the manufacturing process does not affect the structure or property of the product, the claim should be interpreted without considering the manufacturing process. That is, such a claim is to be interpreted the same as a general product claim despite the description of the manufacturing process. This article endows such a claim the term, product-plus-process claim (PpP claim) (as distinguished from a product-by-process claim (PbP claim)). Therefore, in the future, even if a manufacturing process is described in a claim, the court will classify a claim as a PbP claim or a PpP claim based on whether the description affects the structure or property of the product, and depending on the classification, interpret the claim.
PENGARUH PENDIDIKAN KESEHATAN MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA VIDEO, DEMONSTRASI, DAN LEAFLET TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN SADARI PADA REMAJA PUTERI
Authors: Nurhayati Pipin , Nur Hartiningsih Sri , Isnaeni Yeni
Published: July 2023

Setiap wanita dapat mengalami kanker payudara, termasuk remaja putri usia belasan tahun. Deteksi dini kanker payudara dapat dilakukan untuk mengetahui timbulnya kanker payudara. Demonstrasi, video dan leaflet merupakan media yang dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang deteksi dini kanker payudara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan menggunakan metode video, demonstrasi,dan leaflet terhadap pengetahuan sadari remaja putri. Desain penelitian ini adalah one group pre test posttest. Populasi yang digunakan adalah remaja puteri di SMA Negeri 2 Banguntapan berjumlah 449 orang. Teknik sampling menggunakan consecutive sampling didapatkan 20 orang. Uji hipotesis dengan uji Wilcoxon. Hasilnya 45% responden mempunyai pengetahuan cukup sebelum diberi pendidikan kesehatan. Setelah diberi pendidikan kesehatan 85% responden mempunyai pengetahuan baik. Uji Wilcoxon didapatkan p value0,000 <0,05. Kesimpulan: Ada pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan menggunakan metode video, demonstrasi, dan leaflet terhadap pengetahuan sadari remaja putri.
HUBUNGAN TEKNIK DISTRAKSI DENGAN TINGKAT NYERI AKIBAT PEMASANGAN INFUS PADA ANAK USIA 3-5 TAHUN DI RS SULTAN SULAIMAN
Authors: Munir Chairul , Rizky Safitri Matondang Elsa , Rahman Aceh Arif
Published: July 2023

Pemasangan infus adalah prosedur tindakan invasif yang dilakukan dengan cara memasukkan kateter intravena dengan tujuan pengobatan atau rehidrasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan tekhnik distraksi dengan tingkat nyeri akibat pemasangan infus pada anak usia 3-5 tahun di  RS Sultan Sulaiman dengan metode korelasi menggunakan desain cross-sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah anak usia pre sekolah (3-5 tahun) yang dirawat di ruang anak RS Sultan Sulaiman dengan rata-rata kunjungan 59 orang/bulan dan sampel sebanyak 38 anak diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling. Data dianalisa dengan uji analisis korelasi Chi-Square. Hasil penelitian sebagian besar responden dengan skala nyeri 3 sebanyak 21 responden (55,3%) dan sebagian besar responden yang melakukan pemberian teknik distraksi sesuai SPO sebanyak 25 perawat (65,8%). Berdasarkan uji analisa hubungan tingkat nyeri akibat pemasangan infus dengan teknik distraksi pada anak usia usia 3-5 tahun di RS Sultan Sulaiman ini ditandai oleh nilai P=0,000. Untuk penelitian selanjutnya diharapkan dapat menggunakan metode yang lebih lengkap seperti observasi dan wawancara.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Carbonic Anhydrase III and IX Inhibitors using Gas Chromatography with Modified pH Sensitive Pellets
Authors: Hussein Buthaina , Bourghli Laurance M. S. , Alzweiri Muhammed , Al-Hiari Yusuf , Abu Sini Mohammad , Alnabulsi Soraya , Al-Ghwairi Batool
Published: July 2023

Fifteen compounds were synthesized and tested as potential carbonic anhydrase III (CAIII) and carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) inhibitors, six of which are novel. Amides (a1-4), hydroxamic acids (b1-2), and imines (c1-9) derivatives were evaluated for their inhibitory activity against CAII and CAIX using gas chromatography with modified pH-sensitive pellets. The derivatives showed inhibition percentages between 12-56% for CAIII and 44-59% for CAIX, compared to 49% and 63% for captopril (the positive control), respectively. Imines showed the best inhibition of CAIII, while all derivatives showed comparable activity against CAIX. It is hypothesized that the nitrogen atom in imine, amide, or hydroxamic acid moieties in the vicinity of an ionizable group is in coordination with the zinc ion in the active site. Furthermore, the candidates were tested for their antimicrobial and antifungal activity. Generally, they showed low to zero activity against some gram-positive and negative bacteria. This supports the theory of their ability to bind to human carbonic anhydrase but not to bacterial one. These compounds could serve as useful scaffolds to develop more potent and selective carbonic anhydrase inhibitors as anti-obesity and anticancer candidates.
Spatiotemporal 1H NMR Spectroscopy of 3D Cell Models
Authors: Hergenröder R. , Hollmann R. , Raschke H. , Lambert J. , AlWahsh M.
Published: July 2023

The emergence of three-dimensional cell cultures representing tissue features closely, that are weakly reproduced by standard two-dimensional systems, requires adapting established analytical techniques to investigate these challenging new models. It is especially desired to obtain spatially resolved data for living organoids giving insight into transport processes and biochemical characteristics of domains differently provided with nutrition supply and waste product removal. Within this work we present an NMR-based approach to dynamically obtained radial metabolite profiles for cell spheroids, one of the most frequently used 3D models. Our approach combines an easy to reproduce custom-made measurement design maintaining incubator conditions without inhibition of the NMR experiment, with a spatial selective NMR pulse sequence. To overcome the inherently low sensitivity of NMR spectroscopy we modified the selective sequence to achieve faster acquisition and employed a commercially available cryo NMR probe. Finally, radial metabolite profiles could be obtained via double Abel inversion of the measured one‑dimensional intensity profiles. Applying this method to Ty82 cancer cell spheroids clearly demonstrates the spatial resolution, for instance confirming exceedingly high lactate and strongly decreased glucose concentrations in the oxygen-depleted core of the spheroid. Furthermore, we dynamically investigate the process of cell death and metabolite degradation after maintaining a spheroid under incubator conditions for several days.
Pharmacogenetics and Personalized Medicines
Authors: Hakooz Nancy
Published: July 2023

Personalized or precision medicine has been used to describe the right drug to the right person at the right dose at the right time. One important aspect of personalized medicines is the genetic makeup of the individual. Pharmacogenetics investigates the role of individual genes in drug disposition. The use of pharmacogenetics will increase drug efficacy with minimum side effects. Several tables have been published by the FDA that list the pharmacogenetic associations with certain drugs. These tables suggest that certain subgroups of patients with certain genetic variants are likely to have “altered drug metabolism, and in certain cases, differential therapeutic effects, including differences in risks of adverse events” (https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/precision-medicine/table-pharmacogenetic-associations#about).These tables include: Section 1: Pharmacogenetic associations for which the data support therapeutic management recommendations such as celecoxib and CYP2C9 polymorphisms. Section 2: Pharmacogenetic associations for which the data indicate a potential impact on safety or response such as codeine in CYP2D6 poor metabolizers will result in a lower concentration of the active form morphine. Section 3: Pharmacogenetic associations for which the data demonstrate a potential impact on pharmacokinetic properties only. In this list, the implications of the genotypes have not been well established for example atorvastatin and SLCO1B1 phenotypes may result in a higher systemic concentration of the drug. In the US pharmacogenetic tests are available as direct-to-consumer (DTC) tests. With DTC tests, individuals can send in a saliva sample and get results directly at their homes (Drelles et al 2021). Although the evidence on the effects of such tests and pharmacogenetic counseling is available and mounting in many clinical practices all around the world but is still to be implemented in the clinical practice in Jordan.
Spectrum and Antibiotic Resistance in the Community and Hospital-Acquired Urinary Tract Infected Adults
Authors: Abu Taha Adham
Published: July 2023

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common infection in the community. The causative agents and antibiotic resistance differ between community-acquired and hospital-acquired urinary tract infections.

Objectives: This study aimed at identifying the etiologic agents in both community-acquired as well as hospital-acquired urinary tract infections and to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern of the most frequent organisms.

Methods: This is a retrospective cross sectional study of positive urine cultures of adult patients attending An-Najah National University Hospital (NNUH) between the period of Jan 2019 and Dec 2020.

Each patient’s age, sex, and urine culture results were obtained from the microbiology lab of NNUH. Microbiology reports included the isolated microorganisms and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns.

Results: A total of 798 patients were included in the study, of which 472 (59.1%) were female. Escherichia coli was the most common uropathogen, accounting for 37.8% of the CAUTI and 25.1% of the HAUTI. In CAUTI, E. coli was followed by E. faecalis (16.4%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (13.7%), E. faecium (6.5%), and Streptococcus agalactia (4.9%). Among HAUTIs, the second most common was Klebsiella pneumoniea (21.4%) followed by E. faecium (19.3%), E. faecalis (13.4%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7%). The rates of ESBL-producing strains of E. coli were similar between CAUTI (54.1%) and HAUTI (53.2%).

coli from CAUTI and HAUTI was sensitive to carbapenems, amikacin, and nitrofurantoin. The antibiotics with the highest resistance rates were ampicillin, cefuroxime, cotrimoxazole, and ciprofloxacin. Resistance rates were higher in HAUTI than in CAUTI.

Conclusions: The UTI etiological profiles and antibiotic resistance patterns varied between CAUTI and HAUTI; thus, a different antibiotic therapy for various categories should be considered when initiating empirical antimicrobial therapies.
Preparation of Semi-Solid Dosage Forms Containing Psidium Guava Leaves Extract as Antimicrobial Preservative
Authors: Al-Rimawi Fuad , Atieh Mohammad
Published: July 2023

Guava leaves extract has several medicinal activities as antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory. Several studies have been proposed to use guava leaves extract in several preparations. However, applying guava leaves extract as a preservative in a pharmaceutical product has not been studied previously. In the present work, Guava leaves extract was used as natural preservative instead of chemical ones (methyl and propyl paraben). Guava leaves were extracted with ethanol 95% as extraction solvent with a percentage yield of 20%. This extract was tested by HPLC; several phenolic compounds were detected. To determine the ability to use this extract as a preservative, antimicrobial effectiveness test (preservative efficacy test) was conducted for extracted powder in purified water at different concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 % w/w), against three bacteria, one gram-positive (S. aureus), two gram-negative (P. aeruginosa, E. coli) and two fungi: one yeast (Candida albicans) and one mold (Aspergillus (Niger) brasiliensis). Results showed that 2% was effective and passed the test of preservative effectiveness test; this concentration was used in semi-solid pharmaceutical products. For this purpose, six different preparations (Ketoconazole shampoo, Clotrimazole Cream, Permethrin Cream, Gentamycin Cream, Ibuprofen gel, Indomethacin emulgel) were used. Chemical preservative was replaced by natural one (guava leaves extract powder) to serve as a preservative. Three out of the six preparations (Ketoconazole shampoo, Clotrimazole Cream, Ibuprofen gel,) passed preservative efficacy test. These preparations were fully checked-up by chemical (drug content,) physical (odor, physical appearance) and biological test (total count test) for three months at accelerated conditions. These results confirmed that these pharmaceutical preparations were stable and effective. As a conclusion Guava leaves extract can be used at 2% as natural preservative instead of chemical ones which have adverse side effects on human health.
Novel NMR Technique for In-Vitro Toxicity Testing of a 3D Cancer Model
Authors: AlWahsh Mohammad , Knitsch Robert , Marchan Rosemarie , Lambert Jörg , Tolstik Elen , Raschke Hannes , Mahadaly Dina , Marx Alexander , Belharazem Djeda , Hergenröder Roland
Published: July 2023

The metabolic pathogenesis of thymic carcinomas (TCs) is poorly understood and adjuvant therapy has limited success in metastatic disease and tumor recurrence. Most studies on TCs use two-dimensional (2D) cell culture models, which are not considered as physiologically relevant, and consequently translation to the in-vivo situation remains challenging. Tissue-specific architecture, based in part on interactions with the microenvironment is an essential component of tumors and may be better recapitulated in three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models. Therefore, our goal is to establish 3D thymoma models which will then be used to understand the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of anticancer drug therapy via metabolic profiling of living cells. Our novel approach using NMR allows for the measurement of small tissue-like models, which are normally not feasible with standard analytical techniques. The currently-available methods only provide a “snap-shot” of the measured time point and tend to be destructive, e.g. dissecting or optical cleaning of the specimen to gain 3D Information – a limitation we overcome with our current method using NMR spectroscopy. In addition, anticancer therapy is only partially effective, mainly due to inherent or drug-induced resistance of tumor cells to standard chemotherapeutics and radiotherapy. Therefore, novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed.
Compliance with Antimicrobial Prophylaxis Guidelines in Endourological Procedures: Frequency and Related Outcomes
Authors: Abdaljaleel Sondos , Abdeljalil Mariam , Awwad Oriana , Al Edwan Ghazi , Amaireh Mohammad , Hamdan Manar , Khattab Ahmad , Al-Hourani Tasneem
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis (SAP), when used appropriately based on evidence-based guidelines, reduces the rate of infectious complications following endourological procedures without compromising patient outcomes.

Aims: to audit the appropriateness of the current SAP used in endourological surgeries based on international guidelines and report their associated outcomes (urinary tract infection (UTI) and bloodstream infection (BSI)).

Methodology: The adherence to international guidelines recommendations; AUA 2019 and EAU 2020, regarding indication, duration, choice, and dose of the antibiotics used in endourological procedures were assessed in two medical centers in Amman/Jordan. Also, patients were asked to conduct laboratory urine test to determine the rate of infectious complications within one-month post-procedure.

Results: Three hundred sixty-one patients were recruited for the study. The adherence rate to guidelines regarding indication, choice, and dose of pre-operative antibiotics was 90.3%, 2.8%, and 77.8% respectively. The duration was concordant with guidelines in only 3.4% of participants. A total of 41.8% of patients completed follow-up. Among those, 4.6% developed bacterial UTIs, and 0.7% developed BSI.

Conclusion: Adherence to SAP guidelines in endourological procedures is far from optimal, especially by an inappropriate selection of broad-spectrum antibiotics as the agent of choice and prolonged use of antibiotics after the procedure in the absence of any documented infectious complication.
Educar hacia una cultura de paz en el siglo 21: Lineamientos para pensar y actuar
Authors: Yudkin Suliveres Anita
Published: July 2023

Se proponen lineamientos para educar, pensar y actuar hacia una cultura de paz que dialogan con la Declaración para la Transición hacia una Cultura de Paz en el Siglo XXI. Estos lineamientos se sustentan en la visión positiva de la paz y en el acercamiento crítico a la educación para la paz. También se informan en propuestas de la pedagogía crítica y las pedagogías decoloniales para la transformación. Se presentan en contraposición de la cultura de guerra y violencia que caracteriza el tiempo actual. Estos lineamientos priorizan el pensamiento crítico y creador; el concienciar sobre problemas locales y globales; las formas noveles de investigar, conocer y saber; el cultivo de valores de empatía y solidaridad; capacitar en las artes y formas noveles de expresión; generar espacios de participación.
DYNAMIC CAPABILITY, TECHNOLOGICAL ABILITY, INNOVATION AMBIDEXTERITY, AND AGILE LEADERSHIP: A HYPOTHESIZED RESILIENCY MODEL FOR PET CARE SERVICE MSME PROPRIETORS OF THE PHILIPPINES
Authors: Santos – Lu Sandra Ma. Lourdes , Castaño Mary Caroline N.
Published: July 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has severely affected businesses, particularly micro, small, and medium enterprises. In the Philippines, over 70% of MSMEs have experienced cash flow problems which resulted in layoffs, temporary shutdowns, or worst, permanent closure. This experience served as an eye-opener for entrepreneurs engaged even policymakers to make business pandemic-proof or resilient. One sector that is affected severely is pet care services. During the early months of the pandemic, pet care services temporarily closed in compliance with Philippine government regulations. While some managed to resume their operations gradually, around 70% failed to recover and decided to close their business pet care shops indefinitely. This study aims to propose a hypothesized model that shows the different factors that affect business resiliency using a systematic literature review. The results of this exploratory study will be used as a basis for a quantitative study that will measure the relationship between the variables identified in the literature review.
THE IMPACT OF RICE HUSK ASH (RHA) AS SOILLESS GROWING MEDIUM ON SAWI CAIXIN GIANT (Brassica parachinensis) GROWTH PERFORMANCE
Authors: Omar Nur Faezah , Kasim Nur Nasulhah , Zainal Abidin Siti Zulaikha , Ali Siti Nurlia , Abdul Aziz Azlan
Published: July 2023

The Sustainable Development Goal 2 (SDG 2), which aims to end hunger, enhance nutrition, and support sustainable agriculture, places a high priority on food security. The amount of rice husk ash (RHA) produced by the process of burning rice husks has increased over time, causing environmental pollution. In modern soilless agriculture, RHA has a significant potential to be used as a fertile and nutrient-rich medium. The Zero Energy Soilless Agriculture (ZESA) System is a revolutionary concept for horticultural plants that might utilize RHA as a soilless growing medium. The effect of growing medium ratio of cocopeat and RHA on plant growth performance of sawi caixin giant (Brassica Parachinensis) using ZESA system over 35 days was investigated in this study. Three different treatments, T1 (1:0), T2 (1:1), and T3 (3:1), on the growing medium ratio of cocopeat and RHA were carried out. The treatments were set up in four replicates of two individuals each using a randomised full block design. The data of plant Growth parameters such as the number of leaves and plant height were recorded every 7 days, and the fresh weight of the plants was taken on harvesting day. FTIR analysis and an elemental analyzer were used to characterise the chemical analyses of cocopeat, RHA, and fertiliser. As shown by the results, T3 treatment increased all plant growth performance parameters compared to T1 control treatment, with a value of 12.02 cm for plant height, 10 leaves, and 33.75g of fresh weight. The plant growth performance of Brassica parachinensis was improved by using a 3:1 ratio of 25% RHA as a soilless growing medium couple with application of rich nitrogen X and Y fertilisers using the ZESA System. Finally, RHA has the potential to be used as a soilless growing medium for many horticulture plants using the ZESA System.
THE NATURE OF HYBRID ANIMATION IN MALAYSIAN ANIMATION INDUSTRY
Authors: Abdul Ghani Dahlan , Abdul Karim Azwan , Ibrahim Zukeri
Published: July 2023

Hybrid animation is widely used by the creative industry in Malaysia and all around the world. The aim of this research is to study deeply the practice of hybrid animation in Malaysia in order to provide clear and sufficient explanations on the advantages and disadvantages of hybrid animation in classroom. The advancement of related technology causes an evolution in animation films and television series in Malaysia. Technically, the trend has various impacts on animation industry especially in development and quality areas. The commercials and games industry, for examples, also use hybrid animation in order to gain the best quality and to achieve the international standards in animation industry.
EXAMINING THE INFLUENCE OF INTERACTION ON STUDENT SATISFACTION VIA FLOW EXPERIENCE AMONG DISTANCE LEARNERS IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Mohd Kassim Siti Fatimah , Baba Rahim Norizan , Hilmi Mohd Faiz
Published: July 2023

Lifelong learning has emerged as a global priority in the Malaysia Education Blueprint 2015 - 2025 for addressing many challenges of sustainable development. Meanwhile, in an online setting, learners have fewer possibilities to interact with higher education institutions. There have been several studies related to interaction, flow, and student satisfaction. Nevertheless, it is relevant to western countries and traditional students. This study intended to assess how different kinds of interaction (between learners, course materials, instructors, and other learners) influenced student satisfaction among Malaysian distance learners. Moore’s Transactional Distance Theory (1989), which explains how people interact, is a key part of the research framework for this study. The current research involved 270 respondents that conform to the inclusion criteria, and SPSS was used to analyze the hypotheses. Organization and instructor may use the results in embracing a user-friendly educational experience with versatile virtual professional assistance, which is crucial for rigorous online courses. For that reason, this study will provide an overview and opportunities to communicate, cooperate, and gain input for social reinforcement.
PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY: EXPLORING THE IMPACT OF OUTDOOR SCIENCE ACTIVITIES ON SCIENCE STREAM STUDENTS IN PULAU PINANG
Authors: Mokhtar Marina , Saleh Salmiza , Ahmad Nur Jahan
Published: July 2023

The experience of outdoor science activities is one of the most enjoyable learning strategies. Various activities can be carried out through hands-on experiences and can help engage students' interest in science. However, the time constraints faced by teachers in schools prevent the traditional teaching and learning methods from being transformed into more engaging ones. Nevertheless, there are higher education institutions that carry out science activities with school students outside the classroom. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the effects of science activities provided by one of the higher education institutions in Penang on science stream students in premier secondary schools. This phenomenological study utilizes a qualitative design involving eight informants, including five students and three facilitators, to explore their views and experiences during outdoor science activities. The phenomenological approach was chosen as it provides a deep understanding of the experiences encountered by the informants. The data were collected through interview sessions. The data were thematically analyzed and yielded three themes: innovative science activities, thinking skills, and student attitudes. The study found that after participating in these science activities for four months, the informants' self-confidence levels increased and their thinking skills improved, especially when they achieved results from the science activities in national or international competitions. Their attitudes also became more mature and confident when facing judges and the public. They became more interested in science and continued to choose science-related fields as they pursued higher education. The findings of this study provide information for policymakers, schools, higher education institutions, teachers, parents, or other stakeholders to better understand the importance of organizing and conducting science activities outside the classroom.
TEACHING ISLAM SUBJECT TO NON-MUSLIM STUDENTS AT UiTM PERLIS
Authors: Hashim Nor Syahida , Hashim Nadiyah
Published: July 2023

The teaching of Islam subject at the higher education system in this country does not solely focus on Muslim students as it been long exposed to non-Muslim students in the form of a compulsory university subject at UiTM which previously known as the MARA Institute of Technology (ITM). After enroll and undergo the subject, it turns out that non-Muslim students are at a significant level of acceptance of Islam, especially when talking with Muslim students at UiTM. Understanding the subject of Islam for non-Muslim students is not easy even if at the beginning level. There are various questions, doubts, and uncertainties among non-Muslim students about Islam before they enroll to the subject of Islam. In addition, the reality is more challenging when there are many negative perceptions and misunderstandings about Islam in the mass media that they perceive from the wrong perspectives. Therefore, this study aims to explore the experience and teaching methods of two subject codes, namely IDA 202 (Islamic Society and State) and IDA 102 (Man and Religion) at UITM Perlis in order to identify the level of acceptance of non-Muslim students for the subject of Islam. The analysis of non-Muslim students intake semester one and three in October 2022 to February 2023. The data was retrieved from the commitment of teaching staff during teaching and learning process throughout the semester. Furthermore, the study will present the results of the SUFO (Student Feedback Online Survey) and the final test scores to analyze the effectiveness of teaching the subject of Islam to non-Muslim students at UiTM Perlis. The results of the study found that the IDA subject content was able to explain the negative perception of non-Muslim students toward the knowledge of Islam. They respond positively, understood and respects the practices of Muslim friends. This study also suggests there should be more efforts be executed for IDA teaching staff in UiTM, to enable apply the techniques or methods of dawah bil hal in treating non-Muslim students who enroll the IDA subject code that able to form high morals, ethics, and shaping good character.
Justiça de transição e a autoanistia de 1979
Authors: Oliveira Luis Gonzaga Martins Mota de
Published: July 2023

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Efficiency Of Zakat Institutions In Indonesia During 2017-2021: An Application Of Data Envelopment Analysis
Authors:   Sekolah Tinggi Ekonomi Islam SEBI Indonesia, Fakhri Muhammad Yusuf , Bahri Efri Syamsul ,   Sekolah Tinggi Ekonomi Islam SEBI Indonesia, Wulan Mulyaning ,   Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. Hamka
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this study is to measure the financial performance of the National Amil Zakat Institution (LAZNAS) in the effectiveness of distribution and the efficiency of fund management. This research method uses quantitative with a descriptive approach. This study uses secondary data derived from LAZNAS website sources. The technique of collecting data by purposive sampling, namely; LAZNAS, which can publish financial statement data on the website from 2017-2021. Analysis technique or financial performance on effectiveness using the Allocation to Collection Ratio (ACR) approach. Then, the efficiency aspect uses the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach. The results of measuring financial performance in the part of effectiveness show that 6 LAZNAS in the Highly Effective category are; Dompet Dhuafa, Griya Yatim &Dhuafa, LAZISNU, Panti Yatim Indonesia, Rumah Yatim, and Rumah Zakat. Then, Al Azhar and LAZISMU showed the Effective category in the 2017-2021 period. On efficiency measurements, LAZISNU already offers efficiency. Other LAZNAS are still experiencing inefficiencies in the 2017-2021 period
Basic values of contemporary Russian society in the mirror of expert opinions
Authors: Trunov A. A. , Tarasov A. S.
Published: July 2023

The article analyzes the basic values of the Russian society. The methodological basis of the present study is the philosophical-anthropological, historical, axiological and sociological approaches. Culture is characterized as a process of purposeful cultivation of humanity in man and simultaneously as a complex self-organizing system that creates, transmits and preserves the basic values of human existence. By basic values the authors understand the socially significant artifacts of culture, which have a significant impact on the functioning and productive activities of not only individuals and social groups, but also society as a whole. It is argued that people’s perception of social reality is not arbitrary, but based on the system of basic values formed in their heads, allowing them to distinguish between good and evil, beautiful and ugly, true and false, useful and harmful, their own and others’. Basic values are ideal and objective. But their perception is always subjective. Based on a series of in-depth interviews with experts conducted by the authors in January and February 2023, conclusions are drawn that: 1) the axiosphere of Russian society is filled with mythological and media constructs, religious and secular meanings, narratives and discourses of classical and nonclassical ideologies; 2) both spontaneous circulation of traditional basic values and purposeful activities of various actors involved in spiritual production processes have a significant impact on its current state; 3) the basic values of Russians, according to the systematization of experts’ answers, are patriotism and family.
Limitation of the constitutional right to hold public events under the regime of response levels
Authors: Moiseenko D. A. , Zhilskiy N. N.
Published: July 2023

In this study, the authors examined the possibility of limiting the constitutional right to hold public events in view of the response levels regime from a factual and legal point of view. The possibility of restricting the right to public events under martial law and the response level regime derived from it in the context of compliance with the norms of the Constitution of the Russian Federation is assessed. Established the grounds on which the restriction of the right in question may be recognized admissible. The legal possibility of restricting the right to public events is characterized. The conclusion is made about the presence of actual grounds for the use of restrictive measures in respect of freedom of public events in the conditions of the average level of response and in the absence of legislative basis for this.
Historical and legal analysis of the meaning and consequences of the trade treaty between Russia and Germany in 1894
Authors: Kulakov A. A.
Published: July 2023

The article is devoted to the analysis of the text of the trade agreement between Russia and Germany of 1894. The author has analyzed in detail the conditions and structure of the trade agreement, its historical and legal significance. On the basis of the conducted research the supposition is grounded that conclusion of the trading agreement has not resulted in termination of the Russian-German customs war which began in 1892. The article gives the evaluation of the consequences of the trading agreement for mutual trade of two countries and further events in the world history.
Inovação e Conflito nos Capítulos I ao III de O Príncipe de Maquiavel: Pocock e Lefort Contra o Reducionismo Socioeconômico da Noção de Classe na Interpretação de McCormick
Authors: Vieira Otávio Gonçalves
Published: July 2023

ResumoO artigo aponta o reducionismo da determinação exclusivamente socioeconômica do povo e dos grandes na interpretação de McCormick sobre Maquiavel. Este reducionismo resulta em uma leitura limitada de O Príncipe, não examinando satisfatoriamente os capítulos I ao III e o problema da inovação neles expresso. Defende-se que estes capítulos e este problema podem ser examinados pela tematização do conflito, quando se considera a questão da desunião entre grandes e povo para além do seu caráter socioeconômico.Uma comparação entre as leituras de Pocock e Lefort é mobilizada para tanto, pois elas examinam os capítulos iniciais de O Príncipe e reconhecem neles o problema da inovação. O que as diferencia é Lefort reconhecer o tema do conflito enquanto implícito nos capítulos em questão. Com esta comparação, deixa-se indicado que Lefort permite ampliar o horizonte interpretativo visado por McCormick, permitindo uma compreensão mais complexa e dinâmica do conflito entre classes em Maquiavel.AbstractThis article indicates a reductionism on the exclusively socioeconomic determination of the popolo and the grandi in McCormick’s interpretation of Machiavelli. This reductionism results in a limited reading of The Prince, one that does not satisfactorily examine chapters I to III and the problem of innovation therein expressed. I defend that these chapters and this problem can be examined through the thematization of conflict, if one considers the question of the disunion between grandi and popolo beyond its socioeconomical character. A comparison between Pocock’s and Lefort’s interpretations is mobilized for it, for they examine the initial chapters of The Prince and recognize the problem of innovation therein. What differentiates them is that Lefort recognizes the theme of conflict as implicit in the initial chapters of The Prince. Through this comparison I indicate that Lefort allows us to broaden McCormick’s interpretative horizon, allowing a more complex and dynamic comprehension of conflict.
Scotus acerca dos universais
Authors: Bragança Vitor
Published: July 2023

ResumoNo presente artigo procura-se oferecer uma análise e avaliação críticas da posição de João Duns Scotus (ca. 1265 – 1308) a respeito do problema dos universais. Para tanto, é levada a cabo primeiramente uma breve exposição dos argumentos e conceitos centrais dos quais ele se utiliza para defender seu realismo. Em seguida, algumas críticas à posição de Scotus, em especial o cerne da que devemos a Guilherme de Ockham (ca. 1287 – 1347), são apresentadas em detalhes e então respondidas.Palavras-chave: Scotus, Ockham, escolástica, universais, realismo, nominalismo.AbstractThe current paper aims to offer an analysis and evaluation of John Duns Scotus’ (ca. 1265 – 1308) position regarding the problem of universals. In order to do so, a brief exposition of the central arguments and concepts he employs to defend his realism is first carried out. Some criticisms of Scotus’ position, especially the core of the one we owe to William of Ockham (ca. 1287 – 1347), are then presented in detail and answered.
Liberdade e Imputabilidade em Kant: uma Controvérsia
Authors: Rego Pedro Costa
Published: July 2023

ResumoO presente artigo inscreve-se numa pesquisa constituída de duas etapas, das quais apenas a primeiraé aqui contemplada. Essa etapa consiste essencialmente num esforço por chamar a atenção para o queconsidero uma dificuldade conceitual relativa à noção de liberdade prática no pensamento de ImmanuelKant. Proponho que Kant trabalha com duas acepções distintas da liberdade que deve caracterizar oarbítrio humano, que são acepções dificilmente conciliáveis e cuja confusão torna problemático o projetofundamental de sua filosofia prática. Uma delas, conquistada argumentativamente nos seus textosfundacionais de filosofia prática, assimila liberdade a moralidade, dando ocasião ao problema da imputabilidadedas escolhas imorais. A outra, aparentemente pressuposta ao longo de todos os seus escritossobre o tema da liberdade e preferida quase unanimemente pelos intérpretes, equivale a uma concepçãomoralmente neutra de livre arbítrio. Contra ela, há de saída a explícita recusa do próprio filósofo quandochamado a se manifestar ex professo sobre sua legitimidade na Metafísica dos Costumes. Mas tento mostrarque, mais grave que isso, se trata de um conceito de liberdade que, a fim de garantir a imputabilidadede escolhas imorais, acaba tornando qualquer escolha inimputável.Palavras-chave: Liberdade, moralidade, imputabilidade, vontade, arbítrio.AbstractIn this paper, corresponding to the first of two parts of my current research, I endeavor to lay out aconceptual difficulty concerning the notion of practical freedom in Kant`s thought. I argue that the philosopherdeals with two distinct and conflicting meanings of the freedom of human choice, which rendersproblematic the fundamental project of his practical philosophy. The one, conceptually rooted in hisgrounding texts on freedom of the will, assimilates freedom and morality and ends up by making, primafacie, unconceivable free choices against morality, hence, renders impossible the imputation of immoralchoices. The other, apparently presupposed throughout most of Kant`s writings on freedom and almostunanimously cheered by the interpreters, amounts to a morally neutral conception of free choice. Againstit raises Kant`s declared refusal when provoked to express himself about it in the Metaphysics of Morals.Moreover, I argue it`s a concept of freedom that, meant to guarantee the accountability of immoral choices,ends up by making all choices unaccountable.
Analisis Literasi Digital Guru Kelas
Authors: Fauziah Nurul , Fitriah Fitriah , Hidayati Suraya
Published: July 2023

Changes in teaching and learning styles from teacher centered to student centered require classroom teachers to be creative in learning. To answer these challenges, classroom teachers must have digital literacy. The purpose of this study was to determine the digital literacy of classroom teachers at SDIT Qurrata A'yun Kandangan. This research is field research that uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. The subject of this research was the class teacher at SDIT Qurrata A'yun Kandangan, with the object being the digital literacy ability of the class teacher. The research techniques used were questionnaires, interviews, observation, and documentation. Through qualitative descriptive analysis techniques, this study found that the digital literacy level of classroom teachers at SDIT Qurrata A'yun Kandangan reached the third level (the highest level), namely the ability to create new knowledge in the form of digital-based learning, media and the results of creating that knowledge. effectively through various digital media.
Sbarcare il lunario
Authors: Rondinelli Paolo
Published: July 2023

Alcuni lettori ci chiedono quale sia l’origine del modo di dire sbarcare il lunario.
REVIEW OF ROLE OF DIRECT ORALANTI-COAGULANTS IN PREVENTING STROKE ASSOCIATED WITH ATRIAL CARDIOPATHY
Authors: Priyal Priyal , Mohan Chaudhari Dinesh , N Renjen Pushpendra , Mishra Anjali , Sahu Neelam , Bhatnagar Arushee
Published: July 2023

Atrial cardiopathy is a rare entity. It is a risk factor for persistent and undiagnosed atrial brillation. Atrial cardiopathy is known to cause many neurological illness. It can cause a stroke. Several studies have come up hypothesizing and highlighting the existence of atrial cardiopathy as an etiological cause of cryptogenic stroke. We reviewed the literature for the utility of direct oral anti-coagulants in prevention of stroke associated with atrial cardiopathy.
ASSOCIATION OF MESIAL TEMPORAL SCLEROSIS IN SIMPLE FEBRILE CONVULSION ADMITTED TO TERTIARY CARE CENTRE
Authors: Reddy P S Chikkanarasa , Kavitha M
Published: July 2023

Febrile convulsion is dened as convulsion occurring in children aged 6 months to 5years in association with febrile illness in the absence of central nervous system infection or acute electrolyte abnormalities without any prior afebrile seizures. Peak age incidence is 18-24months.One of the most controversial issue is whether febrile convulsion causing mesial temporal sclerosis or preexisting mesial temporal sclerosis is leading to febrile convulsion. Data is collected from the children admitted to our hospital with simple febrile convulsion from February 2021 to august 2022. Children after initial stabilization will be taken to MRI brain. As there are no studies on imaging in simple febrile convulsion our study conducted. A total number of 35 children were enrolled in our study. Majority of these children were 12-24months (10 children). M:F ratio 1.3:1. Majority of children had GTCS type of convulsion.20% children had anemia. Out of 35 children 4 children had mesial temporal sclerosis Out of 4 mesial temporal sclerosis children 3 had recurrent episodes febrile convulsions. There is no association between mesial temporal sclerosis in simple febrile convulsion. But follow up study can be taken in these children as mesial temporal sclerosis was seen in those children with recurrent episodes of simple febrile convulsion. Hence MRI brain can be considered in recurrent simple febrile convulsion.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT PERIOPERATIVE GLYCEMIC PROTOCOLS IN NONDIABETIC PATIENTS UNDERGOING OPEN HEART SURGERY: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: Das Deepanwita , Das Haripada
Published: July 2023

Hyperglycemia during cardiac surgery is common due to stress response and cardiopulmonary bypass. Increased blood glucose is associated with poor outcomes, more complications and increased mortality in diabetic as well as nondiabetic patients due to negative effect on endothelial function, myocardium and inammatory response. Perioperative blood glucose control and correct target value in cardiac surgery patients remain an ongoing controversy. This study was conducted to observe the effect of two different glycemic protocols in non-diabetic patients undergoing on pump cardiac surgery. A total of 102 nondiabetic patients were randomly distributed into two groups: Group A, Group B. After induction a continuous insulin infusion at the rate of 0.1 unit/kg/hr was started in both groups when blood glucose level (BGL) was >140mg/dl in Group Aand >180mg/dl in Group B. The infusion rate was adjusted to maintain BGL at 120-140mg/dl in Group A and 160-180mg/dl in Group B. BGL was measured at different points of time. Perioperative effects, requirement of cardiac drugs, insulin used and infection related complications were assessed. Finally data of 100 patients were analyzed. Rate of deep sternal wound infection [Group A:B= 3(6.12%):4(7.84%)] and other infection related complications were similar in both the groups (p>0.05). Length of ICU stay was signicantly longer in Group B than Group A (p=0.013). Perioperative infection rate in nondiabetic cardiac patients is not higher when target blood glucose level is 160-180mg/dl as compared to120-140mg/dl. Though length of ICU stay is less in lower blood glucose group; perioperative morbidities and 30day mortality is similar in both blood glucose range.