bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Successful Treatment of Granuloma Annulare with Thin-Layered Co2 Laser Ablation
Authors: Penev Julian , Balabanova Milla , Bakardzhiev Ilko
Published: February 2022

Two clinical cases of successful thin-layered CO2 laser ablation of localized form of granuloma annulare, are presented. Granuloma annulare is a rare dermatosis whose etiology is still unclear. Relation to various systemic diseases is assumed. Non-aesthetic lesions create discomfort, and may impede affected individuals’ social confidence, physical, and psycho-social functioning. In most cases lesions regress spontaneously, and therefore therapeutic minimalism is to be applied. Therapeutic modalities include laser therapy. Reports in literature of GA treatment with PDL, Fractional Thermolysis, as well as excimer laser indicate attempts at treatment of GA are being made not knowing the mechanisms behind etiology of GA. Presented bellow successfully treated cases with thin-layered CO2 laser ablation demonstrate treatment of GA with thin-layered laser ablation as therapeutically effective. The procedure is bloodless, relatively painless and completely aseptic, no postoperative pain. Possible impetiginization is easily avoided. Keywords: Granuloma Annulare; CO2 Laser; Thin-Layered Laser Ablation Abbreviations (CO2 laser) Carbon Dioxide Laser (GA) Granuloma Annulare (PDL) Pulsed Dye Laser (FT) Fractional Thermolysis
Nitrosamine (and/or Irbesartan) Induced Large Plaque Parapsoriasis and Urothelial Carcinoma: First Report in the Medical Literature!
Authors: G Tchernev , N Oliveira , LJ Kandathil
Published: February 2022

A presenting case of a 64-year-old gentleman with a complaint of disseminated skin rash on the trunk, upper and lower limbs. He was diagnosed with type II hypertension in January 2017 and was started on irbesartan 150 mg one oral tablet daily (1-0-0). After 6 months, this dose was reduced to half a tablet which he continues to take to this day. He was also diagnosed with type two diabetes mellitus for which he is actively treated with metformin 1500 mg (1-1-1) daily. The patient noticed subtle skin changes in 2019 and upon seeking medical advice, he was diagnosed with an incidental finding of low grade papillary urothelial carcinoma, (T1 N0 M0). He was subsequently treated with transurethral surgical interventions and hospitalised for four different sessions before being sent to our dermatological clinic for evaluation of the skin condition. On examination, multiple large psoriasiform plaques were observed bilaterally, predominantly on the trunk, upper and lower extremities (Figure A-D), the greatest measuring approximately 6 cm in diameter. The plaques were variable in size and polymorphic in nature exhibiting a salmon-pink discoloration. There were no signs of pruritis or poikilodermatous changes. Based on the clinical data, a drug-induced parapsoriasis was suspected. Histopathological examination revealed generalised parakeratosis with perivascular lymphocytic infiltrations in the upper dermis. No signs of mycosis fungoides was noted, keeping in line with a clinicopathological diagnosis of large plaque parapsoriasis.
THE IMPACT OF PARTIAL SWEETENER SUBSTITUTION ON PHYSICOCHEMICAL, TEXTURAL AND SENSORY PROPERTIES OF BISCUITS
Authors: GÜLDANE Mehmet , HERKEN Emine Nur
Published: February 2022

The aim of the present work was to study the physicochemical, textural and sensory properties of biscuits prepared by replacing sucrose with rare sugar (D-psicose) and/or polyols (sorbitol, xylitol) at 25% or 50%. The results showed that increasing D-psicose replacement resulted in lower moisture content, darker and less yellow, and thicker biscuits. However, opposite effects were observed in polyol substitute biscuits. The texture of the biscuits was also significantly affected by the sweeteners. After two months of storage, the hardness values had significantly decreased in the samples with 50% alternative sweeteners (P<0.05). The sensory evaluation of the biscuits containing natural sweeteners was close to that of sucrose (100%). In conclusion, D-psicose and polyols generally had opposite effects on biscuit characteristics. Therefore, it was found that the samples with similar/better properties to/than the control could be prepared by replacing sucrose with D-psicose (25%) and polyol(s) (25%).
Current Perspectives Concerning the Autonomy of Will while Concluding a Fixed-Term Employment Law Relationship
Authors: Zapletal Roman
Published: February 2022

The present text focuses on selected issues with regards to the private law principle of the autonomy of will and its manifestations within the area of labor law. More precisely, its limitations are analysed in the event of concluding an employment law relationship for a fixed term. The major restriction in the given context is seen in the requirement of one of the contracting parties to be procedurally active (while performing the respective juridical act) so that the anticipated legal consequences could be achieved. Firstly, the following paragraphs briefly deal with the general position of Czech labor law within the national regulation, in order to introduce the relevant legal context. Secondly, the main scope of the text represents limited analysis of a current fixed-term employment law relationship regulation from both the national (Czech) and supranational (EU) perspectives. Most importantly, the respective provisions arising out of applicable laws on the domestic level (the Czech Labor Code) have been confronted with those existing on the EU level (Directive 99/70/EC). Therefore, the desirable accordance of the former with the latter could be proven. As far as no less significant practical aspects are concerned, the final part points out actual challenges related to presupposed legal conversion of a fixed-term employment law relationship (based on the concluded employment contract) into an indefinite one. In the light of recent case law which will be mentioned, the conditions as prescribed in the Czech Labor Code are not interpreted unanimously, which naturally affects its application in practice in a more negative manner.
Rethinking growth factors: the case of BMP9 during vessel maturation
Authors: Medina-Jover Ferran , Riera-Mestre Antoni , Viñals Francesc
Published: February 2022

Angiogenesis is an essential process for correct development and physiology. This mechanism is tightly regulated by many signals that activate several pathways, which are constantly interacting with each other. There is mounting evidence that BMP9/ALK1 pathway is essential for a correct vessel maturation. Alterations in this pathway lead to the development of hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasias. However, little was known about the BMP9 signalling cascade until the last years. Recent reports have shown that while BMP9 arrests cell cycle, it promotes the activation of anabolic pathways to enhance endothelial maturation. In light of this evidence, a new criterion for the classification of cytokines is proposed here, based on the physiological objective of the activation of anabolic routes. Whether this activation by a growth factor is needed to sustain mitosis or to promote a specific function such as matrix formation is a critical characteristic that needs to be considered to classify growth factors. Hence, the state-of-the-art of BMP9/ALK1 signalling is reviewed here, as well as its implications in normal and pathogenic angiogenesis.
Anlassbezogener Einsatz von Künstlicher Intelligenz im Risikomanagement
Authors: Wenger Felix , Andras Gabriel , Salzmann Olly , Pauli Marcus , Finkenzeller Martin
Published: February 2022

Künstliche Intelligenz wird als Chance für ein proaktives Risikomanagement eingeschätzt, aber die Einsatzmöglichkeiten blieben bisher abstrakt. Praxisbeispiele zeigen, wie die Potenziale von KI bei der Risikoidentifikation und -bewertung mit dem Einsatz standardisierter KI-Produkte und KI-Services bereits heute ausgeschöpft werden können.
Delignified wood-based highly efficient solar steam generation device via promoting both water transportation and evaporation
Authors: He Yuming , Li Huayang , Guo Xuelian , Zheng Rongbo
Published: February 2022

Wood-based solar steam generation holds great promise in alleviating fresh water crises due to its advantages: light absorbability, thermal management, water transpiration, and water evaporation. Although tremendous efforts have been made to improve wood-based solar steam generation devices, they mainly have focused on the optimization of photothermal materials to optimize light absorbability and thermal management to enhance efficiency of steam generation. This research demonstrates that delignified wood (DL-wood) can further improve the efficiency of steam generation via increasing both the water transportation and water evaporation. The results show that after placing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on DL-wood, the efficiency of steam production is higher than that of natural wood coated with CNTs by 20% under ambient sunlight conditions. DL-wood with CNTs has the following advantages: (1) it is stable, available, and easy to extend; (2) it does not pollute the environment and will not cause discoloration or dregs when used; and (3) it is a promising efficiency-enhancing solution for renewable and portable solar power generation.
Chinese Ideas about Self before the Arrival of Buddhism
Authors: Park Jungnok
Published: February 2022

Chinese ideas about the self.
A Survey of Interpolations and Adaptations of an Agent in Saṃsāra
Authors: Park Jungnok
Published: February 2022

In this chapter, by surveying the interpolations and adaptations that reflect the idea of an imperishable soul, I aim to shed light on the chronological development of the Chinese idea of an imperishable soul at the canonical level. The following discussions are based on the chronological survey presented in the Appendix.
The Characteristics of the Chinese Buddhist Concept of Self
Authors: Park Jungnok
Published: February 2022

In this final chapter, I aim to show that the idea of an imperishable soul became theorized in a more sophisticated way by Chinese Buddhists after the fifth century, while the expressions reflecting that idea started to disappear gradually in the works of the major translators from the time of Samghadeva and Kumārajīva, i.e., around the last decade of the fourth century and the first decade of the fifth century.
Practice
Authors: Ellis Robert M.
Published: February 2022

One of the core strengths of the movement that Sangharakshita founded is its emphasis on practice, and its emphasis on the interconnections between elements of the Eightfold Path. Apart from meditation, Sangharakshita emphasised ethics, friendship, the development of social institutions, and the arts. He also insisted on the value of Buddhist ritual. All of these areas of practice have been of substantial practical help to Western Buddhists, but there are also various unnecessary dogmatic assumptions in his framing of them. Controversy has been particularly created by his ideas on ‘vertical friendship’ as a re-presentation of the guru-disciple relationship, and his limited emphasis on accountability in social institutions.
Interpreting Buddhist Tradition
Authors: Ellis Robert M.
Published: February 2022

Although Sangharakshita was always ready to interpret Buddhist teachings in ways that would he helpful to his audience, he also had a core commitment to it from an early age. This seems to have created a strong confirmation bias in which he was unwilling to entirely let go of Buddhist teachings regardless of the practical conflict they created. His doctrinal interpretations were also influenced by idealism and Platonism from Western philosophy. His interpretations of enlightenment, conditionality, karma and rebirth, the Buddha, the unity of Buddhism, faith and going for refuge are all examined here in an attempt to separate helpful from unhelpful assumptions.
Introduction
Authors: Ifergan Gidi
Published: February 2022

The introduction questions the tension between the promises of the spiritual quest and psychological states of crisis, despite having prolonged and profound yogic experiences of compassion and clarity; and the contemporary emphasis on the philosophical historical-textual and physical aspects of yoga while often overlooking the study of the psychology of yoga as an autonomous theme.
Between Classical Yoga and Dzogchen
Authors: Ifergan Gidi
Published: February 2022

Chapter Five, Between Classical Yoga and Dzogchen, presents an overview of the differences between Patañjali’s yoga and Longchenpa's Dzogchen as opposing approaches to philosophy and practice. Although both methods are considered here as yogas, paths to liberation, their differences represent an intriguing contrast between a gradual, intensive Indian yoga practice and immediate, effortless Tibetan yoga of non-action, also expressed in their psychological methods.
The Thought of Sangharakshita: A Critical Assessment
Authors: Ellis Robert M.
Published: February 2022

Sangharakshita (1925-2018) was a Buddhist writer and teacher, founder of the Triratna Buddhist Order and Community (previously FWBO). Apart from his practical achievements, Sangharakshita was an original thinker on the adaptation of Buddhism to modern conditions, an autodidact whose intellectual creativity was stimulated by both cross-cultural experience and practical contingency. His thinking is little known or appreciated outside the movement he founded, but over-dominant within it. This means that there is a shortage of balanced critical discussion of his work that finds any middle way between hagiography and dismissal. Sangharakshita has also been an object of controversy in recent years, but his more controversial views and actions need to be seen in proportion to the whole of his thinking. This book surveys Sangharakshita’s most important and original ideas with an eye that combines appreciation and critical awareness in equal measure. It celebrates Sangharakshita’s pioneering syntheses of Buddhist and Western ideas, but warns against the inconsistencies and dogmas that are also found in Sangharakshita’s work – dogmas whose negative practical effects can also be traced.
The construction of bilingual abilities through monoglossic literacy assessments
Authors: Chaparro Sofía E. , Schissel Jamie L. , Klassen Chelsey
Published: February 2022

Schools and classrooms are positioned as sites where various community members come together with the shared goal of fostering and developing bilingual abilities in bilingual education programmes in the United States. In relation to the specific social, political and historical framings relevant to the school or classroom context, individuals in these settings separately and collectively operate in ways that not only support but conversely also erode the possibilities of meeting this goal. The limited purview of currently available and/or well-established forms of assessments in particular around bilingualism often constrains actions. When these assessments are used for decision-making processes in the classroom, the forms of language supported in the assessment can have consequences for understanding bilingualism throughout the school. Through the analysis of recorded assessment interactions, and building on the research which has illustrated how monoglossic literacy assessments, developed for monolingual children, fail to capture bilingual abilities, we illustrate the process of how children’s bilingual abilities become constructed through a monoglossic lens. Together with the narrow definitions of literacy which characterise these assessments, children’s emerging biliteracy becomes invisibilised. The data for this study come from an ethnographic, discourse analytic study of one bilingual, Two-Way Immersion programme that was part of a large urban K-8th school. Using the lens of Language Policy and Planning (LPP), we describe how confusing and contradictory policies were communicated and enacted from the multilingual teacher leaders to the classroom teachers, who were required to assess all students with reading assessments used for benchmarks by the district. Through the analysis of field notes as well as audio transcriptions of testing interactions, we show how literacy assessments that assume monolingualism as the norm fail to capture the multilingual knowledge and repertoires of emergent bilingual children. Through this analysis we show how, in this context, bilingual abilities were defined through multiple, flawed layers of language policies and decision-making – from school leaders with limited knowledge of bilingualism, to frustrated teacher-leaders with differing opinions, to stressed teachers who have no choice but to carry out the decisions made by others – so that children in the end are categorised and assessed in ways that do not show their bilingual knowledge.
La carne y el cuerpo: un diálogo inacabado entre teología y filosofía
Authors: Béjar Serafín
Published: February 2022

El objetivo de este artículo consiste en mostrar que la carne y el cuerpo son dotados de significados diversos según el paradigma filosófico desde el que se piensan. En concreto, el autor propone diversas consideraciones sobre la carne y el cuerpo a partir de cuatro paradigmas históricos: substancia, sujeto, existencia y fenómeno. Este recorrido posibilita reconocer la semántica propia de ambos conceptos y despejar el camino para su utilización en el ámbito teológico. Teniendo en cuenta que el cristianismo puede definirse como religión de la carne, se concluye con la propuesta de convertir dicha carne en la clave de comprensión de la realidad.
Cervical cancer elimination: Readiness to achieve interim targets in Sri Lanka 2021 – 2030
Authors: Perera Upuli , Wickramatunga Thanuja , Wijewardane Kalpanie , Vidanapathirana Janaki
Published: February 2022

Cervical cancer is highly preventable and curable cancer. In 2020, World Health Organization has declared a global strategy to eliminate cervical cancer as a public health problem. The study's goal is to create a National Strategic Plan (NSP) to achieve the interim goal of eliminating cervical cancer as a public health problem. There was an identification of the vision, mission, goal, strategic objectives, and strategic directions. The National Cancer Control Programme developed the initial draught of the NSP based on a set of guiding principles, national and international policies, and the global strategy. Feedback was obtained via a series of hybrid meetings from stakeholders and the content was finalized. With the goal to reach interim targets for elimination of cervical cancer by 2030, the NSP was developed as a guiding document for Sri Lanka’s response to elimination of cervical cancer. This document has laid down seven strategic objectives, several strategic directions and major activities to achieve 90-70-90 targets of elimination. It ensured the strengthening of existing strategies for cervical cancer care and identified the new strategies. The NSP was developed to reach the interim targets of cervical cancer elimination in Sri Lanka by 2030.
Development of investment projects in the field of sustainable transportation facilities
Authors: Pashaev Magomed , Alikhadzhieva Diana
Published: February 2022

The concept of sustainable development on the international agenda emerged in the second half of the 20th century, when environmental and social problems became an obvious factor hindering sustainable economic development. The transport system is central to solving social and environmental problems. In this article, the authors consider investment projects in the field of sustainable transport facilities, the prospects for the introduction of new technologies of transport logistics will effectively influence the development of territories. It is shown that when attracting sustainable financing, higher indicators and effective resource management are achieved, as well as the introduction of innovative approaches in the development of transport facilities, which contributes to the development of regions.
In the article, the authors analyze the ongoing investment projects in India, Canada, Russia and China, which are developing their own infrastructure projects for the development of sustainable infrastructure, the formation of new instruments for financing projects, international initiatives are being developed to obtain positive economic effects in the long term.
In the context of building a global system, cooperation with large countries that have significant geopolitical and geo-economic influence plays an important role, including Russia, which is relevant at the present time.
The article concludes that the initiative to implement a number of large projects in the field of infrastructure and logistics development, most of which implies further expansion and involvement of new participants, will make it possible to talk about the existence of a good foundation for the implementation of equal economic cooperation in the development of new investment and technological projects in the field of sustainable transport facilities.
«Relative decoupling» of the growth dilemma: retrospective assessment, trends and challenges
Authors: Sausheva Oksana
Published: February 2022

The article discusses the challenge of achieving the economic growth necessary to rebuild the global economy from the COVID-19 pandemic and to pervasive isolation in the face of environmental constraints. Significant climatic changes taking place on Earth, associated primarily with anthropogenic impact, predetermine the need for the transformation of economic systems, as well as adaptation of the population to new conditions. The relationship between greenhouse gas emissions and the technological capabilities of a modern economy, as determined by the Kaia identity, requires the development of an integrated environmental and economic policy aimed at increasing energy efficiency and saving resources, and their growth rate should outstrip the rate of economic growth (“relative decoupling”). At the global level, many countries have already committed themselves to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, but the problem remains extremely urgent, and environmental requirements are beginning to determine the economic and political situation in the world. For our country, the urgency of the problem is determined by the importance of the extractive industry in the structure of the economy, the share of fuel and raw materials in exports, as well as a high degree of wear and tear of fixed assets. Which warn of negative trends in this area. It is concluded that the available biocapacity is insufficient to reduce the negative impact on the Russian environment; it is necessary to intensify efforts to reduce the carbon footprint in the entire economic system, to stimulate environmental investments and comprehensive environmental modernization
Implementation of design solutions for creating a mobile application for a small enterprise on the 1C: Enterprise 8.3 platform
Authors: Maslennikova Olga , Chicherova Anastasia
Published: February 2022

The article consistently presents the key positions of the life cycle of a mobile application for the implementation of business tasks of a small enterprise in the service sector. First of all, the urgency of creating and implementing this kind of software in the activities of small enterprises in order to increase their competitiveness is justified. The research is exclusively applied in nature. In this regard, the research methods were the methodologies of structural and object-oriented approaches to the analysis, design and implementation of project solutions, such as: the methodology of semantic data modeling IDEF1X, diagrams of UML (Unified Modeling Language) use cases, as well as the technology of creating applications from 1C. Based on the generalized statement of the business problem, a requirements model was developed, which includes descriptions of business requirements, project constraints and use cases of the software solution being developed using the corresponding UML (Unified Modeling Language) diagram. The authors presented in detail two key types of support for the created solution — information and software. Information support is presented in the work in the form of a data model at the logical (model in IDEF1X notation) and physical levels (configuration tree on the 1C: Enterprise 8.3 platform). The article presents the results of the development and software of a mobile application, namely: the business logic of the application, the types of screen forms for input, output and data exchange, the listing of some procedures and functions for the implementation of individual use cases. The test results presented by the authors and the primary results of assessing the economic effect of the implementation of the developed application indicate the feasibility of the project, the need to develop and implement it. The issues of developing use cases for the manager and the customer, expanding the range of report forms issued by the application remained undisclosed.
Ways to improve governmental regulation of small and medium entrepreneurship using the example of the United States
Authors: Piastolov Oleg , Arustamov Eduard , Lagvilava Nika , Demuriya Sofiko
Published: February 2022

Since the formation of state institutions and institutions of entrepreneurship, the attention of scientists has been attracted by the question of the influence of these institutions on each other. In the context of globalization of the world economy, the greatest interest has always been aroused by questions about what the state should and should not do, as well as where is the border between society and the state, is there a certain principle that would allow to clearly separate the first from the second and propose their harmonization.
In the article, the authors touch upon topical economic problems that have developed in small and medium-sized businesses in the United States, and also consider the features of the application of measures of influence on the country’s economy, taking into account new realities and in connection with the need to improve the interaction of the state with participants in entrepreneurial activity.
The authors present a general and comparative analysis of the impact of measures of state support for small and medium-sized businesses on the example of the foreign experience of the United States, considered and analyzed the norms of the legislation in force in the United States, which serves as the basis for organizing and regulating the activities of small and medium-sized businesses, and also analyzed the norms of the legislation in force in the United States. serving as the basis for organizing and regulating the activities of small and medium-sized businesses.
In the article, the authors propose adjustments and additions to the model of managing small and medium-sized businesses in the country, taking into account the increasing possibilities of scientific and technological progress, the development and improvement of the general theory of business management and general digitalization of both business processes and public administration.
The study allows us to deeply analyze and supplement the theoretical picture of the relationship between participants in small and medium-sized businesses and government bodies that control the operational activities of economic entities, which determines the theoretical and practical significance.
Technical and economic substantiation of the possibility of implementing a project for recycling waste materials from the production of wall and partition blocks at autoclave aerated concrete production enterprises (using the example of Glavbashstroy LLC (Republic of Bashkortostan))
Authors: Kutlumbetova Diana , Nurmukhametova Diana , Borisova Inna , Samofeev Nikita
Published: February 2022

The construction industry market is going through serious crisis as well as the entire global market, and they are not local, but systemic.
Recycling of wastes from construction industry enterprises is currently an extremely urgent problem for most manufacturing enterprises. The solution of these problems involves solving a number of socio-economic and environmental problems, namely, increasing the efficiency and profitability of enterprises and simultaneously complying with annually strict environmental requirements.
The authors studied the possibility of using wastes of wall and partition blocks of autoclaved aerated concrete production in the technological cycle on the example of Glavbashstroy LLC. It was determined that the undercut layer of autoclaved aerated concrete formed in the main production, which requires recycling, can be used as a filler after pre-drying and crushing. There is no significant decrease in quality characteristics, but due to the little-studied nature of the products obtained under operating conditions, it is recommended to use them in non-responsible structures of buildings or partitions.
The technical and economic analysis carried out in the work shows that the implementation of the wastes recycling project in the conditions of Glavbashstroy LLC does not require significant capital expenditures, the enterprise has the possibility to implement such a solution. The risks of project implementation are within the limits of strategic and operational planning. The material consumption of manufactured products is reduced by 1.8 %. The necessary changes in the technological line will require additional labor resources; therefore, the cost of production does not increase in the long term, the profitability of the enterprise remains at a sufficient level.
City Communal Aspiration System — City Without Chimneys
Authors: Kozin Yuriy
Published: February 2022

Gas emissions are produced by each economic entity individually — whether they are a large industrial enterprise, a boiler-house or a household (dwelling house). At that, in addition to visible chimneys there are a lot of hidden (unrecorded) sources of emissions in form of ventilation branch pipes.
Communal systems for removal and reprocessing of wastes of two types: liquid (municipal sewage lines) and solid (collection and removal of wastes) are operated in populated localities. For the third type of waste — gaseous — a similarly municipal structure does not exist. For the time being there is no possibility for full system control and neutralization of dust and gas wastes because there is no system in the physical form which would enable comprehensive receipt of exit gases from all the city sources for further processing thereof.
It is for the first time when a principally new holistic approach to cleaning/treatment of all city dust and gas emissions (wastes) is proposed which consists in creation of a City Communal Aspiration System (Municipal Aspiration System) containing a city communal aspiration network (gas outlets) for receipt/transportation of exhaust (flue) gases and a plant for utilization of such wastes connected to such network. In other words, it is proposed to organize a “City without Chimneys”.
The proposed solution permits to remove mass unsystematic and uncontrolled emissions of environmentally harmful gas wastes in cities, reduce climate risks and make the transition to a new level of organization of environmental planning and management and, therefore, eliminates or principally simplifies many ecological difficulties and restrictions in urban planning (inseparably related to ecology) in sanitary rules and standards.
Standard of living of the population and demographic development of the region
Authors: Kabashova Elena
Published: February 2022

Depopulation of the population in Russia and its regions has been widely discussed in scientific circles in order to study and identify the causes of the current demographic problem.
According to the author, the demographic development of the region is largely directly influenced by the standard of living of the population: economic factors (the level of material
well-being, employment of household members, housing security, tightness, etc.) determine the demographic behavior of the population (reproductive, self-preservation, marital and migration). Of course, when studying this dependence, it is also worth taking into account the significant role of values, life position, attitudes of a person (family). However, the lack of a reliable job, dissatisfaction with it, the lack of stable and decent earnings, own housing and, in general, uncertainty about the future are restrictive factors when choosing a strategy for demographic behavior.
The article analyzes the current standard of living of the population of the Republic of Bashkortostan, its material well-being according to official statistics, and also developed a system of indicators for the subjective assessment of the standard of living of the population. The assessment of the demographic situation in the region (based on the indicators of fertility, mortality, life expectancy, etc.), as well as demographic behavior of the population on the example of reproductive behavior is given.
The study proved the existence of a direct relationship between fertility rates, reproductive behavior of the population and the main indicators of the standard of living of the population: first of all, the availability of reliable, well-paid stable work, confidence in the future affects people's reproductive plans and attitudes. A stable labor market, the efficiency of workplaces, decent wages should be the basis of social regional policy to stimulate the birth rate as the main state priority of socio-economic development of the region and the country as a whole.
Moisture uptake and loss of GCLs subjected to thermal cycles from silty sand subgrade
Authors: Rowe R.K. , Garcia J. D.D. , Brachman R.W.I. , Hosney M.S.
Published: February 2022

The effect on GCL hydration and dehydration, when subject to thermal cycles, of (1) GCL bentonite granularity (powdered vs. granular), (2) GCL geotextile type (scrim-reinforced nonwoven vs. woven), (3) subgrade macrostructure due to fines aggregation, and (4) subgrade density and fines content is examined. Results of 17 hydration tests were assessed for two virgin and deconstructed GCLs placed on a nominally silty sand subgrade at wfdn = 16% during daily thermal cycles when the airspace was heated to 60°C and cooled to 30°C. It is shown that bentonite granularity and mineralogy, the type of carrier geotextile and the subgrade conditions all significantly impact the GCL on cyclic hydration and that the moisture retention of a GCL is dependent on both the type of GCL and the properties of the underlying subgrade.
The South African mining royalty regime: Considerations for modifying the system to balance its competing objectives
Authors: Akinseye P.O. , Cawood F.T.
Published: February 2022

Mineral royalties are one of the oldest forms of mining taxation, and were initially introduced to extract economic rents from mining. Over time, the royalty regime has become more complex as it was identified as an important policy instrument that can achieve more multi-faceted outcomes. Such a multi-tiered approach in the use of the royalty instrument is also the case with South Africa. With South Africa's new mineral royalty regime now in place for ten years, it is perhaps time to assess its impact and effectiveness. To carry out this assessment, an econometric evaluative study was undertaken using four major commodities in South Africa, namely gold, platinum, iron ore, and coal. The study explored five different policy options for government to consider and tested them to determine the most favourable one that will realize the regime's policy objectives. After the assessment, two major options stood out. Hence, this paper seeks to highlight which of the two options is the most favourable for consideration by policymakers. Based on that study, we find that the current structure is effective, but also recommend that the factors in the formula for refined minerals be 'modified' to reduce the capped profitability ratio from the current 60% to 30% and the maximum royalty rate for refined minerals from 5% to 3%. The minimum rate of 0.5% during times of depressed mineral prices and no or low profitability will not be affected.
Pesticides, water resources and bioindicators
Authors: Américo-Pinheiro Juliana Heloisa Pinê , Mercado Letícia Sales
Published: February 2022

Pesticides are constantly used to control agricultural and urban pests. However, they can contaminate watercourses and intoxicate aquatic organisms. The ecotoxicological effects of these contaminants can be observed in studies with bioindicators. This article presents a literature review on the main environmental aspects associated with pesticides and their toxicity to aquatic bioindicators. The search for scientific publications was carried out on the platforms Science Direct, Scielo, Virtual University Library and Academic Google. The information found was complemented with aspects related to legislation on pesticides consulted on Government platforms. The occurrence of pesticides in water resources has been recorded in several countries around the world, which shows the constant and inadequate use of these substances. This issue brings to light major challenges that involve the search for preventive and/or recovery measures from possible impacts on the environment, non-target organisms and human beings who are exposed to contamination by pesticides. The use of pesticide contamination bioindicators is essential to identify the effects of these substances on the environment and the sensitivity between species and different aquatic trophic levels. Fish constitute an excellent group of bioindicators, among them the Danio rerio (zebrafish) is the one that stands out in ecotoxicological studies. The most frequently observed ecotoxicological effects in fish include lethality, neurotoxicity, and enzymatic, biochemical, hematological and histological changes. These effects can compromise the survival and health of these vertebrates, interfering with the balance of aquatic environments and possibly impacting human health.
Социальная дифференциация образовательных планов при поступлении в вузы
Authors: Чиркина Татьяна , Гусейнова Амина
Published: February 2022

По материалам опроса домохозяйств и студентов в рамках Мониторинга экономики образования проведено исследование отношения семей к высшему образованию, ожиданий от него и барьеров при его получении. Рассмотрены способы преодоления барьеров и даны рекомендации для образовательной политики.
Основные практики научной деятельности и публикационной активности преподавателей вузов
Authors: Прахов Илья
Published: February 2022

В работе анализируются основные практики научной деятельности и публикационной активности преподавателей российских вузов. На основе данных Мониторинга экономики образования (опроса преподавателей вузов в 2020/2021 учебном году) описываются основные паттерны научной работы и публикационной продуктивности в трех типах вузов: ведущих, опорных и прочих. Преподаватели ведущих вузов чаще публикуются в международных научных журналах, индексируемых в системах Web of Science или Scopus, в то время как преподаватели вузов без статуса чаще публикуются в российских научных журналах, не входящих в международные системы цитирования. Таким образом, исследования, выполняемые в ведущих вузах, более доступны для международного научного сообщества, что в большей степени способствует повышению конкурентоспособности национального академического сектора на мировой арене.
Yapı yüzü renk algısı etkenlerinin değerlendirilmesine yönelik bir model önerisi: Ekran deneyi
Authors: KÜÇÜKKILIÇ ÖZCAN Esra , ÜNVER Rengin
Published: February 2022

Yapı yüzü renk tasarımı sürecinde seçilen renkler yapıya uygulandığında, renk algısı etkenleri nedeniyle öz renklerinden farklı algılanırlar. Dolayısıyla uygulama aşamasında, tasarım aşamasında beklenenden farklı yapı yüzü renk izlenimleri ortaya çıkabilir. Literatürde söz konusu renk farklılıkların önceden tahmin edilebilmesi ve tasarımların bu tahminler doğrultusunda yapılabilmesi için gerçekleştirilmiş çeşitli çalışmalar bulunmaktadır. Bunlardan yapı yüzü renk algısı etkenlerini belli bir yerleşimdeki cepheler üzerinde yerinde incelemeler aracılığıyla değerlendiren çalışmalar, farklı coğrafi konumlarda, yani değişken günışığı aydınlığı ve çevresel koşullar altında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu nedenle çalışmada, yapı yüzü renk algısı etkenlerinin, belirli koşullar için değerlendirilerek önceden belirlenmesine yönelik dijital ortam için, deneysel bir model önerilmiş ve modelin uygulaması olarak bir “ekran deneyi” gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ekran deneyi, dört farklı yapı yüzü rengi ve üç yapı yüzü renk algısı değişkeninin çeşitli birleşimlerinden oluşan elli altı adet görsel kullanılarak öz renk ile algılanan renk karşılaştırması yapılması üzerine kurgulanmıştır. Deneylerden elde edilen sonuçlar değerlendirilmiş, bulgular literatürdeki diğer çalışmalarla karşılaştırılmıştır. Böylece, hem yapı yüzü renk tasarımında çok önemli rol oynayan “renk algısı” etkenleri için dijital/sanal ortama yönelik olarak kurgulanan ekran deneyi modeli kullanıma sunulmuş, hem de konuya ilişkin yol gösterici veriler ortaya konularak literatüre katkı sağlanmıştır.
Cooperar pel futur
Authors: Bertomeu Marín Jordi
Published: February 2022

Adquirir aprenentatges significatius amb metodologies basades en la repetició i en el rol passiu de l’alumnat és difícil. En canvi, comprendre processos històrics contemporanis complexos és més fàcil amb metodologies com les de l’aprenentatge cooperatiu, que es basen en la cooperació, la interdependència i el rol actiu de l’alumnat. Aquesta investigació correspon a un estudi de cas que s’estructura a partir de la intervenció educativa en una classe de 22 alumnes de primer de batxillerat d’un institut públic de la comarca del Baix Ebre, en la qual, durant deu sessions, s’estudià el procés d’aparició dels totalitarismes dels anys trenta. Durant aquestes sessions de l’assignatura d’Història del Món Contemporani es posaren en pràctica quatre tècniques cooperatives: l’1-2-4, el sac de dubtes, la cooperació estructurada i la redacció d’un blog amb equips de treball cooperatiu. Les dades recollides amb els instruments de recerca demostren que quan es respecten les premisses bàsiques de l’aprenentatge cooperatiu, s’acaben comprenent i interioritzant fàcilment una sèrie de continguts històrics que l’alumnat va demostrar que no coneixia abans de treballar cooperativament.
De la paraula al fet: la dificultat de cooperar
Authors: Pons-Altés Josep M.
Published: February 2022

Alguns dels professors de les àrees de didàctiques específiques de la Universitat Rovira i Virgili fa uns anys que vam començar a treballar sobre aprenentatge cooperatiu, amb més o menys intensitat i fortuna. El motiu inicial, que continuem mantenint, va ser la necessitat de donar una bona formació als futurs docents perquè fossin capaços d’aprofitar més endavant, als centres educatius, la potencialitat de l’aprenentatge cooperatiu tant en la millora de l’aprenentatge com en el comportament social.
On the Design of Solar Energy Tracker System
Authors:   University of Nairobi, Reagan Otieno Oloka , Abdulhamid Mohanad ,   AL-Hikma University
Published: February 2022

Solar energy is a very important means of renewable energy resource. With solar tracking, it will become possible to generate more energy since the solar panel can maintain a perpendicular profile to the rays of the sun. Even though the initial cost of setting up the tracking system is considerably high, there are cheaper options that have been proposed over time. This paper discusses the design and construction of a prototype for solar tracking system that has a single axis of freedom. Light dependent resistors (LDRs) are used for sunlight detection. The control circuit is based on an ATMega328P microcontroller. It was programmed to detect sunlight via the LDRs before actuating the servo to position the solar panel. The solar panel is positioned where it is able to receive maximum light. As compared to other motors, the servo motors are able to maintain their torque at high speed. They are also more efficient with efficiencies in the range of 80–90 %. Servos can supply roughly twice their rated torque for short periods. They are also quiet and do not vibrate or suffer resonance issues. Performance and characteristics of solar panels are analyzed experimentally
The Method of Targeting a Group of Fighters, Taking Into Account the Nature of the Tasks they Solve
Authors:   Military Academy of Aero-Space Defence named after the Marshal of Soviet Union G. K. Zhukov, Zakomoldin Denis V. , Bogdanov Alexander V. , Bulov Vitaly A.
Published: February 2022

In this article, in the interests of improving the effectiveness of group actions of fighters, the method of targeting a group of fighters as part of a strike fighter, a cover fighter and an information support fighter at the VC, taking into account the tactical purpose of each fighter in the group, is synthesized, and the characteristics of this method are evaluated on the basis of modeling. Within the framework of the synthesis, a local quadratic quality functional is defined that allows taking into account the accuracy of the guidance of the strike fighter, which is aimed at the zone of possible launch of air-to-air missiles, the accuracy of maintaining the parameters of the combat order by the cover fighter relative to the strike fighter, the accuracy of maintaining the parameters of the combat order by the information support fighter relative to the cover fighter, and the cost-effectiveness of control signals. The list of meters that are necessary for the implementation of the synthesized method is determined, which indicates its practical feasibility
Emociones, creencias y actitudes de personal asistencial hacia habitantes de calle que usan drogas
Authors: Gómez Vargas Maricelly , Hernández Ramírez Eliana Maria , Osorio Salazar Maria Jimena , Tirado Otálvaro Andrés Felipe , Espinal Bedoya José Silverio , Zaraza Morales Daniel Ricardo , Dávila Cañas Lucas , Saldarriaga Agudelo Luz Merly
Published: February 2022

Objetivo: Identificar algunos aspectos relacionados con el estigma de personal asistencial hacia habitantes de calle consumidores de sustancias psicoactivas.

Metodologia: Para lograr este objetivo, se llevó a cabo un estudio cualitativo, con enfoque hermenéutico y de alcance descriptivo, mediante el análisis categorial de las transcripciones de las grabaciones de los discursos de dos grupos focales con 32 participantes, miembros del Sistema de Atención al Habitante de Calle Adulto de Medellín, Colombia. La sistematización y la codificación del análisis se hicieron en un archivo de Excel®, destacándose la emergencia de las categorías: “emociones”, “creencias” y “actitudes”.

Resultados: En los discursos de los participantes, se reiteran contenidos ambivalentes de los estigmas hacia esta población. Por una parte, la frustración en su trabajo, como principal emoción que coincide con las creencias de desconfianza y actitudes evasivas hacia ellos; y, por otro, los sentimientos de gratificación por la labor realizada, acordes con posturas más protectoras y pacientes durante el acompañamiento, pero que no se alejan de un ideal moralista de cero consumos.

Conclusión: Reconocer y discutir abiertamente sobre el estigma podría orientar otras formas más humanizadas en la labor con este tipo de población, en tanto se devela que el rol profesional no nos exime del prejuicio, el estereotipo y la discriminación