bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dependence on the Internet Intensifies the Social Division of Emotional Expression
Authors: Jin Qi
Published: January 2025

As the Internet continues to expand, social media has progressively integrated into daily life, leading to a growing reliance on the emotional articulation and social interactions it facilitates. However, this over-reliance has led to issues in authentic emotional expression among groups and deep social interactions between individuals, forming social divisions. This study, utilizing a comprehensive literature review, data analysis, and additional methodologies, concludes that Internet dependency significantly influences emotional expression across diverse age demographics, genders, and professional backgrounds. The analysis reveals that individuals tend to express emotions more on the Internet than in real life, leading to a decline in face-to-face interaction skills, especially among adolescents. This study concludes that Internet dependence can lead to self-isolation, where individuals prefer online communication, thereby reinforcing dependence on the Internet. Over time, communities that depend on emotional expression in digital environments expand, leading to a decline in emotional articulation and empathy in face-to-face interactions. As this demographic increases, a greater segment favors social media platforms, thereby exacerbating social fragmentation. While emphasizing the development of social media, this paper also stresses the importance of authentic social interaction.
Analysis of the Impact of the "Rural Teacher Support Program" Policy on Educational Equity in China
Authors: Li Mubotao
Published: January 2025

In China, educational equity is a significant public concern. To address the urban-rural educational gap, the government launched the "Rural Teacher Support Programme." This paper analyzes the policy's impact on educational equity, detailing its background, objectives, and implementation measures. It assesses the programme's effectiveness in enhancing rural education quality, narrowing the educational divide, and boosting rural students' learning engagement. The research also identifies challenges in implementation, including teacher training, career development, cultural differences, and teacher composition disparities. Recommendations include promoting digitalization, increasing joint funding, and optimizing teacher incentives. Findings reveal notable improvements in the rural teaching workforce, including increased teacher numbers, quality, and living conditions, alongside enhanced stability and professional development opportunities. However, disparities in policy effectiveness persist across provinces, with local governments showing bias in policy tool application, particularly in recruiting and training arts educators. Overall, the programme has successfully diversified policy tools to improve rural teacher retention.
A Study on the Differences in Education Between China and the United States and Their Intrinsic Reasons
Authors: Mao Yuchuan
Published: January 2025

The significant differences in education between China and the United States ultimately stem from the differences in basic national conditions. If Chinese education wants to change the current situation, it must start from the national conditions. Maintaining fair and just competition is the most critical point, as shaping a fair and just environment, depriving privileges, and preventing corrupt bureaucrats from interfering, while also learning from each other's strengths and weaknesses, and absorbing advanced concepts from Western education. To make progress in Chinese education, it is necessary to reduce ideological differences, take a long-term perspective, and return to the essence of expanding educational horizons and developing human abilities. Although the current education system in China is not satisfactory, due to the continuous growth of the Chinese economy and the continuous attention of various sectors of society to education, there is still hope for the future development of education in China.
Analyzing Cross-Cultural and Interpersonal Factors Influencing Trolley Dilemma Judgments: Using Morality as Cooperation Theory
Authors: Chen Qiuhan
Published: January 2025

Scholars have been constantly interested in studying moral quandaries, including the trolley problem. Despite their widespread adoption, normative ethical theories have challenges in real-world scenarios. This study explores the impact of interpersonal and cross-cultural factors on trolley dilemma judgments through the Morality-as-Cooperation (MAC) model. The study mainly reviews pertinent literature and discusses how the MAC model applies to the trolley dilemma. It demonstrates how interpersonal relationships and cultural norms influence decision-making. Eastern civilizations, for instance, place a high value on communal welfare. Although it has limitations, the MAC model provides a more thorough framework than normative ethics. The MAC model is a prospective alternative, but further research is required to better comprehend moral dilemmas and bridge the disparity between theory and practice in morality research, particularly in enhancing the accuracy of interpersonal perception and methodological considerations.
The Impact of Teacher-Student Relationships on Junior High School Students' Academic Achievement
Authors: Zhang Yixiaoyu
Published: January 2025

Teacher-student relationships are vital for academic achievement, especially in junior high school, where students undergo significant transitions. Positive interactions enhance motivation, engagement, and performance, while negative ones lead to disengagement and lower outcomes. Thus, fostering these relationships is essential during this critical developmental phase. This study employs three research methods to explore the impact of teacher-student relationships on junior high school student's academic success: a literature review to synthesize existing research, comparative research to examine differences in academic outcomes based on the quality of these relationships and a case study analysis to highlight real-world examples of effective teacher-student dynamics. The results of this research emphasize the significance of cultivating constructive relationships to boost student performance and provide actionable recommendations for educators and policymakers aiming to enhance educational results. This study seeks to address essential gaps by illuminating the impact of these relationships across various demographic and educational settings, while also offering strategies to promote substantial connections within the classroom environment.
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Human Moral Decision-Making: Navigating Family Loyalty and Social Justice
Authors: Zhang Huize
Published: January 2025

In today's rapidly developing technological environment, artificial intelligence (AI) has been integrated into various social fields, bringing moral challenges to human interaction and decision-making processes. This study investigates the moral dilemmas individuals face when there is a conflict between family loyalty and social justice, especially in cases involving family members. The study used a sample of 117 participants to explore how individuals decide to expose or cover up minor thefts from family members and whether the participation of artificial intelligence affects their decision-making. Although artificial intelligence can guide decision-making according to legal standards, survey results show that humans usually tend to prioritize family relationships over this objective assessment, especially in the case of minor violations. This study has contributed to the fields of moral psychology and emerging artificial intelligence ethics. It provides empirical data on how the existence of artificial intelligence changes human responses to moral dilemmas involving family loyalty and fairness. The conclusion of the study points out that as artificial intelligence is further integrated into human moral decision-making, it faces major psychological and ethical challenges, which provides new insights into the potential role that artificial intelligence may play in solving or deepening future moral and social conflicts.
An Interpretation of Faith, Hope, and Love in Western Thought Through the Lens of Contemporary Chinese Literature: A Study of the Implications in Shi Tiesheng's Posthumous Essays
Authors: Mo Zengxian , Liu Li
Published: January 2025

This article delves into the profound spiritual insights within Shi Tiesheng's posthumous prose, drawing comparisons with Western concepts of faith, hope, and love. Shi's works, emerging from his arduous experiences of suffering and disability, transcend the personal to touch on universal human concerns. His contemplations on suffering and the pursuit of faith and hope resonate with Western religious and philosophical thought. His advocacy for these virtues mirrors the Western triad, suggesting a shared human quest for meaning and salvation across cultures. The article explores how Shi's unique life and cultural backdrop informed his writing, bridging Eastern and Western perspectives on human existence and spiritual fulfillment.
Potential and Challenges of Terpenoids in Cancer Therapy: Mechanistic Review and Future Perspectives
Authors: He Houlin
Published: January 2025

Terpenoids have shown promising therapeutic effects in a variety of cancer models due to their multi-targeted anticancer mechanisms, modulation of the tumor microenvironment, and enhancement of the immune response. However, terpenoids face many challenges in clinical applications, mainly including their complex chemical structures, low bioavailability, and poor targeting. These factors limit their stability and anticancer effects in vivo. This paper reviews the anticancer mechanisms of terpenoids, the challenges of clinical applications, and the corresponding strategies to address them. Future studies should improve these deficiencies through chemical modification and nanotechnology to enhance drug performance and promote their clinical applications
miRNA: A promising tool to target breast cancer stem cells
Authors: Chen Xi , Wang Xiaoshu
Published: January 2025

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women worldwide, and its treatment has made some progress but still faces challenges such as recurrence, metastasis and drug resistance. Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) play a key role in breast cancer recurrence and metastasis due to their properties such as self-renewal, differentiation potential and drug resistance. They can evade the attack of the immune system. They are resistant to various chemotherapeutic drugs, which makes it challenging to eliminate them by conventional treatment, resulting in poor therapeutic effects. miRNAs, as a class of non-coding RNA molecules, can influence the biological characteristics of BCSCs through fine-regulating gene expression, which can provide a new idea and method for treating breast cancer. In this paper, we investigated the effects of miRNAs on BCSCs through various mechanisms, such as regulating key signalling pathways, influencing the expression of cell surface markers, and inducing apoptosis. We demonstrated that miRNAs can reduce the stemness of BCSCs and increase the therapeutic sensitivity. Meanwhile, this paper also discusses the current challenges of miRNA therapy, such as delivery efficiency, targeting and in vivo stability. By optimising the miRNA delivery system, improving targeting accuracy and exploring combined treatment options, it is expected to overcome the existing limitations, promote the translation of miRNA therapy to clinical applications and provide more effective and personalised therapeutic options for breast cancer patients
Performances improvement of DC Motor using a Fractional Order Adaptive PID Controller optimized by Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Boukhalfa Abdelouaheb , Bensafia Yassine , Khettab Khatir
Published: January 2025

In the past 20 years, scientists and engineers have rediscovered fractional calculus and have begun using it in more and more domains, most notably control theory. This study introduces a fractional adaptive PID (FAPID) controller which incorporates an additional parameter to enhance the performance of a conventional adaptive PID (APID) controller. A comparative analysis is conducted between the APID and FAPID controllers optimized using the metaheuristic Genetic Algorithm (GA). The evaluation uses a linearized model of the DC motor control system. The results demonstrate that FAPID controllers significantly outperform conventional APID controllers, particularly regarding rise time, settling time, overshoot, and mean absolute error. Among the proposed designs, the integration of FAPID proves to be the most effective in achieving a balance between responsiveness and stability, exhibiting exceptional robustness and adaptability to variations in DC motor and environmental conditions. This method can be extended to various fractional and integer systems to enhance their efficiency and reduce noise disturbance.
Testosterone Replacement Therapy Is Associated With Increased Incidence Rate of Vertebral Fractures: A Matched Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Singh Manjot , Daher Mohammad , Diebo Bassel G. , Daniels Alan H. , Arcand Michel A.
Published: January 2025

Background:

Whether testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) can mitigate the risk of vertebral fractures has not been well-studied.

Methods:

PearlDiver was queried to identify patients with and without the history of TRT. Groups were matched 1:1 by demographic variables and 2-year vertebral fracture incidence rate was compared. Multivariate logistic regression was done to identify independent predictors of vertebral fractures.

Results:

Among 77,491 matched patients, mean age was 54.7 ± 10.4 years, 74.3% were males, and mean Charlson Comorbidity Index was 0.17 ± 0.54. Testosterone replacement therapy patients had higher rates of vertebral fractures (0.31% vs 0.04%, P < 0.001), and these rates were observed to increase with age. Both men alone (0.36% vs 0.04%, P < 0.001) and women alone (0.16% vs 0.03%, P < 0.001) on TRT had higher rates of vertebral fractures. Multivariate analysis revealed that TRT (OR = 7.7, 95%CI = 5.1-11.7, P < 0.001), as well as chronic kidney disease (OR = 1.4, 95%CI = 1.1-2.0, P = 0.026), alcohol abuse (OR = 2.5, 95%CI = 1.8-3.5, P < 0.001), and diphosphonate use (OR = 2.2, 95%CI = 1.4-3.5, P < 0.001), increased vertebral fracture rates.

Conclusions:

Exogenous testosterone use was associated with increased 2-year incidence of vertebral fractures. Although a causal relationship could not be established, our findings highlight the need to use screening measures, such as dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan, to identify patients at risk of vertebral fractures.
Revisit to Old Friends: Abdominal and Groin Flaps For Upper Extremity Soft Tissue Reconstruction
Authors: bezirgan U , n mehmet , lu yusuf , nergizal osman , lu esra , un yener
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Soft tissue defects of the upper extremity pose significant challenges in hand surgery. While microsurgical advancements have expanded reconstructive options, pedicled groin and random-pattern abdominal flaps remain valuable alternatives, particularly in resource-limited settings or when microsurgical techniques are contraindicated due to patient-specific factors such as comorbidities or previous flap failures. This study revisits these 'old friends' of reconstructive surgery, emphasizing their indications, techniques, and outcomes.
Methods: This retrospective study evaluated the clinical outcomes of 16 patients who underwent two-stage abdominal or groin flap surgeries between 2021 and 2023 for traumatic upper extremity injuries. Demographic data, injury characteristics, and surgical details were analyzed. Postoperative outcomes, including functional recovery, complications, and patient satisfaction, were assessed over a mean follow-up period of 13 months.
Results: Of the 16 cases, 14 achieved complete flap survival, with one partial and one near-total failure. Complications were observed in 43% of cases, primarily due to infections. Patients who underwent abdominal flaps experienced higher rates of shoulder stiffness, whereas total flap loss was more frequent with groin flaps. Functional recovery varied, with mild to moderate cold intolerance severity scores and limited sensory outcomes. Aesthetic satisfaction remained suboptimal, with only a few patients reporting satisfactory results.
Conclusion: Random-pattern abdominal and pedicled groin flaps are effective for upper extremity soft tissue reconstruction, particularly when microsurgical options are unavailable. However, challenges such as complications, sensory recovery, and aesthetic satisfaction necessitate further refinement in surgical techniques and multidisciplinary care.
The one-minute paper: A quick feedback from one-hour class
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Madhumita , Paul Sashanka , Das Sudip
Published: January 2025

The aim of every medical teacher is to strive for improved student’s understanding of the topic. The questions that come to the teacher’s mind include what did the students learn from my lecture, what are the things they did not understand and how can the teaching be improved so that the students can learn better. One-minute papers (OMP) are a novel but simple approach to obtaining a personalized feedback in a very short time. The large group session was taken for 83 students on deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and varicose veins by a faculty member of the General Surgery department. At the end of the session, the one-minute feedback paper was provided to the students. Students were given one minute to complete the task. The students were told to write their answers in words, phrases and short sentences. The feedback taken was anonymous. We assessed the responses and analyzed what students had learned, where there might be gaps in their knowledge, and what aspects of teaching practice they were responding to. Three questions were asked (1) What are the five most important things you learnt today? (2) What are the things you did not understand? and (3) What are your suggestions for change? A day later feedback on OMP was taken on a Google form. In conclusion, OMP is a very quick, simple and efficient method of obtaining student feedback in a large group. Just analyzing the responses will help us in modifying subsequent lectures in a more student friendly way.
Lateral Flowstrip and PCR detection approach for the identification of unapproved transgenic crops in northern Nigeria
Authors: Isah Abraham , Ibrahim Abdulrazak , Ndana Rebeccah , Malann Yoila , Abraham Florence , Ndana Victoria , Gidado Rose , Adeniran Lateef , Onwude Joy
Published: January 2025

The commercial release of genetically engineered (GE) crops has improved agricultural productivity in many countries. Currently, only three crops have been commercially available in Nigeria. However, there are allegations on the possible illegal existence of many or few more GE crops that have not been commercially approved by the government due to what observers regard as weak regulatory system. The release and commercialization of GE crops in Nigeria must contend with the possibility of having GE crops already in circulation. This study sought to probe the possible existence of the un-commercialised GE crops in major markets of Northern Nigeria, by targeting herbicide tolerance- phosphinothricin acetyltransferase PAT and insect resistance- Pesticidal crystal proteins (Cry) traits. Soybean (Glycine max), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and maize (Zea mays) seeds were collected, and lateral flow strip method used to screen for possible transgenic events in those crops. No transgenic event was found in any of the samples tested using flow-strip analysis. PCR analysis also revealed no positive transgenic event. This is the first report on a scientific investigation to detect Cry and Pat in grains in the region. The approach used in this study serves to provide a baseline data on the status of GE events in Nigeria.
The Inner Peace of Old Osman Pazar City Dwellers. A love letter. Osman Pazar, September 24, 1902
Authors:   St. Cyril and St. Methodius University of Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria, Toshev Miroslav
Published: January 2025

The presented paper is dedicated to the 75th anniversary of my teacher in ethnographic studies Assoc. Prof. Nikolay Kolev. The author discusses the text of a love letter written in the town of Osman Pazar, today’s Omurtag, on 24th of September 1902, information about its author and a photograph of his, as well as the continuation of the love story and the lovers’ fortune. This love letter is just a little element of the mosaic, which describes the past of old Osman Pazar. The text of the letter and the photographs of its author could help in the attempts at understanding and feeling the inner peace of the one-time town dwellers. By publications like this one and the promotion of such kind of documents, the Bulgarian society of the beginning of the 20th century will stop being associated today only with a lot of dates and names of politicians, and it will be “populated“ with the faces, the cordial delights and torments of common people.
On Medicine in the Byzantine Empire according to Christian Religious Texts and Church Documents
Authors:   St. Cyril and St. Methodius University of Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria, Boyadzhiev Simeon
Published: January 2025

In the following paper, different religious texts and church documents are being analysed. Some of them pose a dose of criticism towards Byzantine physicians, mostly concerning their capabilities (or lack of such) as well as their motivation for material gains from the ill, contrary to Christian understandings of charitable healing, set as an example by Christ himself and the healer saints. Fragments from saint’s lives tell us of healing methods of the medieval Byzantine medicine, mixed up with miracles and intervention by the saints. In those cases, medical success is combined with divine miracle, showing a symbiosis between medicine and religion. Such an example we find in the 12th century typikon of the Pantokrator monastery, describing a hospital, maintained by the monastery itself. The document emphasizes on the charitable functions of the hospital, as well as the highly trained medical staff. Judging by those medieval texts we can come to a conclusion that the Byzantine church and religious institutions mentioned supported the application and advancement of lay medicine as a tool for helping people.
Establishment and Changes in the Diocese of the Bishopric of Niкopol in the 17th–19th Centuries. Introductory Notes
Authors:   St. Cyril and St. Methodius University of Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria, Asenova Valentina
Published: January 2025

The main purpose of the paper is to examine the history of the Catholic Church in the Bulgarian lands, in particular the Nikopol Diocese during the 17th–19th centuries. The rule of each monsignor of the diocese is examined in chronological order, as well as the changes in the administrative and hierarchical structure of the Catholic Church and the Paulician community. Going chronologically through the key historical moments of the Catholic Church in our lands, the specific historical and cultural phenomena are outlined that led to changes in the diocese of Nikopol in the context of each settlement. An attempt is made to clarify the different role of the Catholic Church in each particular historical moment in terms of the impact on the Paulician population as well. Many moments rich in fragmentation are singled out, but the moments before and after the liberation from the Ottoman Empire stand out in particular. Based on this, the adaptation of the church to the events in the community is traced in the atmosphere of changing administrative and political circumstances.
Bulgarians, Wallachians and Tatars in Several Hungarian Charters of King Charles Robert (1301–1342)
Authors:   St. Cyril and St. Methodius University of Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria, Krastev Lachezar
Published: January 2025

The article examines several charters of the Hungarian king Charles Robert (1301–1342), which provide important information about the Balkan political history in the first half of the 14th century. Some of these documents are already known in Bulgarian historiography, but they have been used without being included in the context of the political role of the Golden Horde in the Balkans. In the article, additional charters of King Charles Robert are drawn, which allow to study the relations of the Kingdom of Hungary with the Bulgarians, the Wallachians and the Tatars. The chronology of a little-known Hungarian- Bulgarian war of 1324, during which the Hungarians conquered the Bulgarian fortress of Guren across the Danube, is discussed. It shows the great influence that Tsar Michael III Shishman (1323–1330) exerted on Ivanko Basaraba (c. 1323–1352), the founder of the Wallachian Voivodeship.
Bulgaria and Serbia in the Bosom of the Roman Catholic Church (1204–1219)
Authors:   St. Cyril and St. Methodius University of Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria, Angelova Ekaterina
Published: January 2025

The article aims to briefly examine the policy of the Roman Catholic Church in the Balkans in order to draw a parallel between the relations of Rome with the Serbs in comparison with those with the Bulgarians. It is noted in the paper that the aim of the Roman Church was to expand the papal influence over the Balkan Peninsula and respectively over the Eastern Christian Church. The study traces and analyses the most important moments in the relations between Serbia and Bulgaria, on the one hand, and their negotiations with the Papacy, on the other, in the period from 1204 until 121
Weeding Out or Developing Capacity? Challenges for Aboriginal Teacher Education
Authors: Kitchen Julian , Cherubini Lorenzo , Trudeau Lyn , Hodson Janie
Published: January 2025

Teacher education is critical to the development of Aboriginal teachers able to ensure success among Aboriginal learners and contribute to the preservation and renewal of Aboriginal communities. In a series of talking circles, six beginning Aboriginal teachers discussed their teacher preparation and their first years of practice. They expressed concerns about teacher training programs that they regarded as assimilationist and a need for teacher education that helps Aboriginal teachers examine their individual and cultural identities in order to become effective teachers. Tribal Critical Race Theory (TribalCrit) is used as a discursive framework for critiquing existing approaches and offering culturally responsive alternatives.
ONLINE PLATFORM FOR MOVIE RECOMMENDATION
Authors:   Dept. of CSE Chandigarh University Mohali, India, Tulsyan Ansh , Bhardwaj Anshul , Shukla Pranjal , Verma Jatin , Singh Tushar
Published: January 2025

It might be difficult to locate movies that suit personal tastes in the era of digital media. A state-of-the-art internet tool called CineMatch tackles this problem by providing individualized movie suggestions using sophisticated algorithmic analysis. With the use of both user input and machine learning techniques, CineMatch offers a distinctive, user-focused movie-selection experience. The complex recommendation engine at the heart of CineMatch's technology combines filtering based on content, filtering that is collaborative, and the processing of natural language (NLP). The program can evaluate large datasets of movie information, ratings from users, and watching habits thanks to this tripartite methodology. While content-based filtering looks at aspects of a film such as cast, director, and genre, collaborative filtering makes movie recommendations based on the tastes of people who are similar to one another. NLP improves the system's comprehension of user feedback and plot summaries, allowing for more nuanced recommendations. The user interface of CineMatch is simple to use and guarantees simplicity of engagement. By allowing users to rate films, provide reviews, and make watchlists, the suggestion accuracy is significantly improved. Furthermore, the portal has a 'Discover' area that highlights obscure films and promotes going outside of the mainstream.

 The platform may be used for more than just personal amusement; it can also provide studios and producers with information about audience trends and preferences. CineMatch is proof of how technology can revolutionize the movie-watching experience by making it more fun, individualized, and accessible. In conclusion, CineMatch transforms how people find and enjoy movies by utilizing cutting-edge algorithms to accommodate a wide range of preferences and likes in the constantly evolving digital landscape.

Keywords—Personalized Recommendations, Machine Learning, User Interface Design, Collaborative Filtering, Content-Based Filtering, Natural Language Processing (NLP).
SMART FARMING USING IOT, A SOLUTION FOR OPTIMALLY MONITORING FARMING CONDITIONS
Authors:   Dept. Of Electronics and                                 Dept. Of Electronics and  Communication Engineering                         Communication Engineering  Institute of Aeronautical                                 Institute of Aeronautical  Engineering                                                    Engineering  Hyderabad, India         , ABHINAYA        S.
Published: January 2025

Recently, agriculture has undergone a change thanks to the arrival of Internet of Things (IoT) technology. Smart farming uses Internet of Things (IoT) devices to remotely monitor and control farming activities in real time. This study investigates the application of IoT in agriculture to boost overall efficiency, cut down on resource waste, and increase output.

IoT-enabled smart farming is transforming conventional agricultural methods by reducing crop loss, boosting productivity, and saving farmers money. The basic idea is to establish a network of sensors across the fields to collect real-time data on critical environmental elements such as temperature, humidity, soil moisture, light intensity, and even pest activity. The idea is to deploy technology that can monitor the crop and alert farmers through many channels. With the device's real-time data on soil moisture, temperature, and humidity from their farmland, farmers will be able to make more informed decisions. The device provides farmers with real-time data on temperature, humidity, and soil moisture from their farmland, enabling them to make decisions that would optimize crop production and conserve resources like water. The study looks at the particular kinds of sensors used in smart farming, emphasizing their uses and informative value. It also looks at how data collecting is used to automate important agricultural procedures, such as irrigation systems, which reduce waste and increase water efficiency.

Keywords— Smart farming, Sensor network, Mobile application for farming, Data analytics, Internet of Things
Crowd Sourcing Of Pests Information
Authors: RANGASAI POLEBOINA
Published: January 2025

This study introduces a transformative system that leverages Machine Learning (ML), Deep Learning (DL), and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies to address critical challenges in agriculture, including crop recommendation, fertilizer optimization, and pest and disease detection. The methodology involves collecting data from IoT sensors, weather APIs, and farmer-uploaded crop images, followed by preprocessing and analysis using ML and DL models. Results indicate a 90% accuracy in crop recommendations, a 25% reduction in fertilizer wastage, and an 85% success rate in early disease detection. Real-time monitoring through IoT integration provided actionable insights, significantly enhancing farm management. The discussion highlights challenges such as data quality, rural connectivity, and user accessibility, emphasizing the need for continuous improvements. In conclusion, this system demonstrates the potential to revolutionize agriculture by improving productivity, promoting sustainability, and empowering farmers with data-driven tools. Future enhancements will focus on expanding capabilities, refining user interfaces, and ensuring accessibility for diverse farming communities.

Index Terms—Agriculture, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Internet of Things, Crop Recommendation, Fertilizer Optimization, Disease Detection, Real-time Monitoring, Sustainable Farming, Data-driven Decision Making.
The Mathematical Foundations for Data Representation and Analysis in Data Science: A Comprehensive Review
Authors:   AI & DS (Computer Engineering) VP’s Kamalnayan Bajaj Institute of Engineering and Technology, Baramati., Daphal Pratiksha
Published: January 2025

The rapid advancement of data-driven technologies has underscored the importance of mathematical foundations in data science, particularly in how data is represented and analyzed. This review delves into the key mathematical frameworks that support modern data science, focusing on areas like linear algebra, probability, optimization, and topology. These mathematical tools form the backbone for efficiently representing data, discovering patterns, and constructing predictive models. The review explores techniques such as dimensionality reduction, sparse representations, and manifold learning, highlighting both their theoretical bases and practical uses. It also discusses challenges encountered in large-scale and complex data, such as scalability, data quality, and interpretability. By summarizing recent developments and identifying unresolved issues, the review seeks to offer a thorough understanding of the mathematical principles that drive progress in data science methods and applications.

Key Words:  Machine learning, Linear algebra, Calculus, Probability, Statistics, Optimization and Data analysis
CartoonGAN: Generative Adversarial Networks for Photo Cartoonization
Authors:   Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, Malnad College of Engineering, Hassan, India, Siddiqha Ayeesha
Published: January 2025

t—Cartoonization, the transformation of real-world images into stylized cartoon-like representations, has become increasingly significant in digital art, animation, augmented re- ality, and entertainment. Traditional methods, reliant on manual techniques or predefined filters, often fall short in efficiency, scalability, and capturing nuanced artistic styles. Recent ad- vancements in deep learning, particularly Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), offer promising solutions but face challenges such as preserving semantic content, replicating diverse cartoon styles, and avoiding visual artifacts. Additionally, many existing GAN-based approaches require paired datasets, limiting their applicability. To address these challenges, we propose Cartoon- GAN, a novel deep learning framework designed for automated cartoonization using unpaired datasets. CartoonGAN employs specialized loss functions, including content loss to maintain structural integrity and style loss to emulate cartoon aesthetics, alongside edge-smoothing techniques to minimize artifacts. By integrating Adaptive Instance Normalization (AdaIN), Cartoon- GAN enables dynamic adaptation to various artistic styles, enhancing its versatility.
Inteligencia artificial mediado por la transformación digital
Authors: Sánchez Palma Lady Denisse , Cárdenas Loor Alexandra Isabel , Moncayo Enrique , Betancourt Zambrano Shirley Vanessa , Berenguer Gouarnaluses Juan Arturo
Published: January 2025

Desde hace varias décadas se ha estado experimentando la irrupción y la transformación de las TICs y al mismo tiempo ha sido testigo de su evolución, La inteligencia artificial está acaparando la atención de la comunidad en general y científica en particular, a partir de todas las potencialidades que posee para facilitar ciertos procesos de la vida cotidiana. En la educación, específicamente, puede aportar en la conformación de un proceso educativo mucho más atractivo, motivador y desarrollador. El objetivo de esta revisión es caracterizar la Inteligencia artificial mediado por la transformación digital. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura teniendo en cuenta los protocolos metodológicos sugeridos para la revisión bibliográfica. La pericia para la búsqueda incorporó el empleo de las bases de datos: Scopus, Scielo, Dialnet, Ebsco y operadores booleanos para la combinación de los descriptores. A la luz de los resultados obtenidos se hace imprescindible concluir que entre la transformación digital tenemos la inteligencia artificial la cual tiene la capacidad de hacer frente a algunos de los mayores desafíos que afronta, hoy en día, el ámbito de la educación, de desarrollar prácticas de enseñanza y aprendizaje innovadoras y, finalmente, de acelerar progreso en la consecución del ODS.
The influence of teachers' ICT competence on children's digital literacy abilities
Authors: Lestari Gunarti Dwi , Adhe Kartika Rinakit , Yulianingsih Wiwin , Rosyanafi Rofik Jalal , Widyaswari Monica
Published: January 2025

The use of digital devices in the learning process is intended to provide convenience for teachers in presenting quality learning for children. Therefore, digital literacy is very much needed by teachers and prospective teachers in order to optimize children's development. This study uses a quantitative research design. The population in this study amounted to 9 respondents from various areas of Surabaya, while the sample in this study was obtained by 45 respondents with the research subjects being kindergarten teachers in the Surabaya area. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The data analysis technique used cluster sampling technique. The overall research results show that teacher ICT competence has an effect on children's digital literacy skills, which shows that the variable X teacher ICT competence has a t count of 2.654, which means it is greater than the t table which is 2.01669, and a significant value of 0.011 is smaller than 0.05. So it can be concluded that H1 is accepted so that variable X has a significant effect on variable Y, namely children's digital literacy skills. These results are also supported by the conformity of the results on each question item covering teacher competence in using digital devices in their learning. With the presence of digital devices as a learning resource, it produces children's ability to learn independently and teach children to utilize digital devices to improve knowledge and skills according to their age.
Multifractal detrended cross-correlation analysis of Islamic stock markets in the pacific Asia region
Authors: Soufiane Benbachir , Karim Amzile
Published: January 2025

This study aims to uncover the multifractal characteristics and complex interactions among six Islamic stock markets in the pacific Asia region, enhancing understanding of their dynamics. Employing Multifractal Detrended Cross-Correlation Analysis (MF-DCCA), this research analyzes a dataset covering the period from January 1, 2011, to August 1, 2024, with approximately 3315 observations. In the preliminary analysis, the application of the DCCA Cross-Correlation Coefficient method revealed that the cross-correlations are persistent and exhibit long-term stability across most index pairs. Utilizing core components of the MF-DCCA method, such as Generalized Hurst Exponents, Rényi Exponents, and the Hölder Singularity Spectrum, further confirmed that the index pairs exhibit long-range persistent cross-correlations and multifractal behavior. Surrogate and shuffling transformations showed that the observed multifractality is influenced by both long-term cross-correlations and heavy-tailed distributions. The findings have important implications for investors, policymakers, and financial analysts concerned with portfolio diversification, risk management, and the efficiency of Islamic financial markets in this economically vital region. Understanding the interconnectedness of these markets can aid in developing more effective investment strategies and regulatory frameworks. This study contributes original insights into the dynamics of Islamic stock markets in the Pacific Asia region, offering a nuanced perspective on their complex behaviors and interactions through the lens of multifractality.
An essay on relational analysis of relational sociology
Authors: Kasapoglu Aytul
Published: January 2025

In recent years, examining social problems such as health, education, environment, poverty, migration, disaster, all kinds of discrimination and inequalities in a relational and intersectional manner has become increasingly preferred. Especially sociologists find the essentialist approach of classical mainstream sociology based on dualities such as traditional-modern, structure and individual inadequate for themselves. In the age of uncertainties and complexities, old views that assumed a human-centered, deterministic and linear imposed by classical or traditional sociological theories have begun to be criticized. In this context, there has been a need to renew the definition of social in a way that includes not only humans but also the beings in our natural environment such as plants, animals and soil. Since it is not appropriate and possible to call this perspective, which finds all dualities such as human-nonhuman, structure-individual, traditional-modern, time-space, macro-micro artificial and prefers process-based analyses, as a new paradigm due to its nature, it is preferred to call it a way of doing sociology. In this original research paper, first the historical development of relational sociology in the world and its differences from classical sociology are revealed. Then, relational sociological studies conducted in Turkey are examined. In fact, within the framework of the article, some predictions are tried to be made about the future of relational sociology based on its current situation. The originality of the article stems from the effort to conduct this systematic review in accordance with relational sociological principles.
Prediction of deaths from COVID-19 with the modified logistic model, in Peru
Authors: Olegario Marín Machuca, , Blanca Vargas Ayala, Jessica , Adolfo Pérez Ton, Luis , Enrique Chinchay Barragán, Carlos , Pilar Rojas Rueda, María del , Alejandro Huaranja Montaño, Max , Antonio Sernaqué Auccahuasi, Fernando
Published: January 2025

COVID-19 is a public health millions of deaths since the end problem that has had an international impact that has led to of 2019, and the Peruvian population was no stranger to this situation. Therefore, the following investigation was conducted to correlate mortality from COVID-19, estimate the critical time (days) for the maximum rate of estimated deceased people, and validate the reliability of the models. Data on people who died from COVID-19 up to February 27, 2023, were considered, with which the pandemic dispersion was carried out, arriving to determine that they describe a sigmoidal logistic dispersion, an event that was mathematically modeled using the predictive logistic equation N=M⁄((1+A×e^(-k×t))). Using this predictive mathematical model, the number and rate of deaths among people with COVID-19 in Peru were determined. In addition, the critical time (t_c) was estimated, whose value was t_c=396 days for the maximum rate 〖((dN ̂)⁄dt)〗_máx=484.7450 people/day, and the date on which the maximum rate of people who died from COVID-19 was April 15, 2021. The Pearson correlation coefficient between the time elapsed (t) and the number of deceased people (N) in Peru, based on 32 cases, turned out to be r=-0.89085; determining that the relationship is real, that there is a non-significant difference, that the predictive model has a high estimate of the correlated data, that there is a " very strong correlation " between the time elapsed (t) and the number of deceased people (N), and that 79.4% of the variance in N is explained by t; for people who died from COVID-19 in Peru.
What do the US Election Results Tell us about the Global Trajectory of Populism?
Authors:   European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), Sithole Neo
Published: January 2025

The ECPS panel provided an in-depth exploration of how the 2024 US Presidential Election reflects and impacts global populism. Experts analyzed key dynamics, including economic grievances, cultural shifts, and political polarization. Moderated by Ali H. Aslan, the discussion highlighted the role of evangelical populism, Trumpism’s transatlantic influence, and global democratic erosion. Distinguished panelists emphasized the need for liberal democracies to counter autocratic trends by offering compelling solutions and reinforcing institutions. This timely dialogue shed light on the interplay between economic, cultural, and institutional forces shaping contemporary populist movements worldwide.
2024/5 German holiday law can apply to a managing director of a private limited company (GE)
Authors: Traber Othmar
Published: January 2025

2024/5 German holiday law can apply to a managing director of a private limited company (GE)

Recent German rulings, following several ECJ decisions, require employers to inform employees about their holiday entitlement and the risk of losing it if not used by certain deadlines. If employers fail to do so, the entitlement remains valid. In the case at hand, the German Federal Labour Court (Bundesarbeitsgericht, the ‘BAG’) needed to decide if a managing director was considered an employee under the Federal Vacation Act.
Some Methods for Estimating the Parameters of A New Generalized Gamma- Weibull Distribution
Authors: A. Razaq Qasim Bahaa , Montadher J. Mahdi
Published: January 2025

In this paper, four different estimation methods are presented to estimate distribution parameters of A New Generalized Gamma-Weibull Distribution (NGGW)  it represented Maximum Likelihood Method (ML), Weighted Least Square Method (WLS) , Power Density Method (PD), and Mean Standard Deviation Method (MSD). In order to obtain the best results, the study compared the estimation methods by applying the Monte Carlo simulation method using the Wolfram Mathematica 13 program. Several experiments were conducted with different sample sizes (n=20,50,100 and 250), and the results showed the superiority of the maximum potential method in finding estimates of distribution parameters compared to the rest of the methods used in this paper.
Editorial - Vol.25, 2024
Authors: Dashnyam Zolboo , Tuvshinjargal Anudari
Published: January 2025

No abstract in English
AKURASI HARGA POKOK PRODUKSI BERBASIS ACTIVITY-BASED COSTING SEBAGAI UPAYA EFISIENSI OPERASIONAL PADA UMKM TAPE BONDOWOSO
Authors: Enik Enik Sulistyowati , Nur Hamidah  , Iis Riyana  , Khofidatus Soliha  , M. Sholehuddin
Published: January 2025

This study aims to analyze the management of production costs in Bondowoso Tape MSMEs using the Activity-Based Costing (ABC) method as an effort to improve the accuracy of the calculation of Cost of Production (CoP), Cost of Goods Sold (CoGS), and Break-Even Point (BEP). The researcher collected data through interviews, observations, and documentation of financial statements which were then analyzed using a qualitative descriptive approach. The results show that the ABC method provides a more accurate cost allocation compared to the traditional method with details of the HPP of Mika Tape products of Rp. 5,147.39 per unit, while Small Tape is Rp. 3,601.93 per unit. BEP was achieved for Mika Tape at 19,821 units and for Small Tape at 3,944 units, while the profit and loss report indicated a net profit of Rp. 34,960,318.38 for Mika Tape and Rp. 70,672,831.34 for Small Tape, so it can be concluded that the research using the ABC method is able  improve cost efficiency and provide a basis for strategic decision-making for Tape Bondowoso MSMEs..
Keywords: Activity-Based Costing, Cost Of Production, Break-Even Point, MSMEs.