bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimal Fault Location Identification in Power Distribution Systems with Inverter-Interfaced Distributed Generations
Authors: Kahnamouei Ali Shakeri , lotfifard saeed
Published: March 2022

This paper proposes a fault location identification method for power distribution systems with inverter-interfaced distributed generations (IIDGs). The proposed method is not restricted to any specific types of data and is able to fully utilize all available types of data in power distribution systems for enhancing the accuracy of results. The measurement set may include synchronized voltage and current measurements collected by Micro-phasor measurement units (Micro-PMUs) and/or unsynchronized measurements collected by legacy measuring devices, active and reactive power measurements, pseudo measurements of load values, and virtual measurements based on Kirchhoff's laws. The proposed method explicitly considers uncertainties in the measurement set and is applicable for different load types. Simulations results on IEEE 34-bus feeder demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed method.
Co-optimization of Distributed Renewable Energy and Storage Investment Decisions in a TSO-DSO Coordination Framework
Authors: Steriotis Konstantinos , Makris Prodromos , Tsaousoglou Georgios , Efthymiopoulos Nikos , Varvarigos Emmanouel
Published: March 2022

Stochastic bi-level formulation for optimal DER sizing and sitting decisions in a ESP-DSO-TSO coordination framework.
Perspektif Pajak Atas Pengaruh Aset Pajak Tangguhan dan Ukuran Perusahaan Terhadap Manajemen Laba (Perusahaan Listing Manufaktur 2018-2020)
Authors: Ibrahimy Muhammad Faisal Akbar , Gunadi Gunadi
Published: March 2022

For the last decade, there has been many cases of earning management on Indonesia. This follow suits with the agency theory as management is trying to achieve their own personal goal. Management will try to manipulate the information on financial report thus doing earning management. Some of the widely used indicators to detect earning management are deferred tax asset and firm size. Firm size will be represented by total asset of the company. Deferred tax asset will be represented by asset depreciation. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of Deferred tax asset and firm size on earning management. The result of this research will be studied deeper using interview technique. The research data show that both hypothesis are accepted. The statistic has determined that there are positive relation between deferred tax asset and firm size to earning management. Management used the depreciation method to increase profit or lower the tax obligation on that period. The bigger the firm means that there are bigger chances of earning management.
Potencialidades da Resolução CNE/CP Nº 02/2015 diante das (des)construções curriculares para a formação de professores(as) de matemática:
Authors: Santana Flávia Cristina de Macêdo , Paula Enio Freire De , Pereira Patrícia Sândalo
Published: March 2022

Este artigo tem por objetivo delinear um movimento intencionalmente insubordinado e criativo em defesa das potencialidades da Resolução CNE/CP n.o 02/2015 diante das desconstruções e dos descaminhos sinalizados pela Resolução CNE/CP n.o 02/2019. Para isso, apoia-se em uma abordagem qualitativa, associada à pesquisa documental. Como procedimento de coleta, compartilhamos o corpus que reuniu 172 Projetos Pedagógicos de Cursos (PPC) de Licenciatura em Matemática (LM) do país, dos quais 60 são ofertados por Universidades Federais, 44 por Universidades Estaduais e 68 por Institutos Federais de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia. Para a análise, utiliza-se o paradigma indiciário de Carlo Ginzburg. Entre os resultados, a atenção ao percurso formativo delineado pelos PPC, a articulação entre formação inicial e continuada em diferentes espaços formativos, as discussões a respeito dos movimentos de constituição da Identidade Profissional e a defesa da indissociabilidade da tríade Ensino-Pesquisa-Extensão foram demarcadas como ações insubordinadas de resistência diante da implementação da Resolução CNE/CP n.o 02/2019.  Esses elementos problematizadores nos deram indícios de que há possibilidades de elaboração de designs formativos insubordinados que contemplem ações associadas aos conhecimentos de que futuros professores de Matemática necessitam para ensinar, fazendo-se atravessados pela reflexão crítica e pelo compromisso com a democracia, a justiça social, a ética e a solidariedade.
Um currículo para uma formação, a que será que se destina?
Authors: Rotondo Margareth Sacramento , Cammarota Giovani , Clareto Sônia Maria
Published: March 2022

O artigo apresenta uma escrita em aforismos problematizando currículo e formação de professoras e de professores e, em composição,arrasta educação e educação matemática e escola e salas de aulas e saberes e matemática e e e... Um currículo para uma formação seproduz como experimento e, com ele, um modelo teleológico é assumido como meta a ser a atingida, então, experimentação certa. Um currículo para uma formação que carrega modos canônicos, hegemônicos, universais, aliados à Moral, à Verdade, ao Bem e ao Belo,no empreendimento do ideal e no controle do existir. Uma professora e um professor num porto seguro apostando em uma verdade curricular que tem no outro um incapaz infantilizado, desprovido de razão, então aciona o seu dever de conduzi-lo à boa forma. Umapedagogização do currículo. E, com tudo isso, em experimentação: um currículo no que acontece, uma formação enquanto processo,involução. E, com o que há institucionalizado, demarcado e postulado, torções. E, em composição: currículo e formação docente no que acontece. Processos formativos em experimentação resistem a modelos e metas afectados pelos signos que se apresentam com as forças que se instauram e disputam em favor de outros modos de existir e conhecer. Certas experimentações no que acontece, currículo no que acontece: currículo acontecimento. Com invenção de problemas, com e na processualidade, com e pelo meio,     com aquilo que se apresenta e se instaura, currículo em experimentação.
Penerapan Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan dengan Algoritma Backpropagation dalam Memprediksi Hasil Panen Gabah Padi
Authors: Maiyuriska Randi
Published: March 2022

Hasil panen  gabah padi disetiap daerah tiap tahunnya selalu beruba-ubah, termasuk di Kabupaten Peisisr Selatan. Hal ini disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor seperti musim kemarau yang panjang, serangan hama dan faktor lainnya yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan padi bahkan dapat menyebabkan gagal panen yang dapat merugikan para petani. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat memprediksi untuk mengetahui hasil panen gabah padi di Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan dengan menggunakan metode Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan dengan algoritma Backpropagation. Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan merupakan salah satu kecerdasan buatan yang menggunakan teknologi komputer yang disebut juga dengan Artificial Intelligent. Jaringan Saraf Tiruan Backpropagation merupakan sebuah neural network berlapis banyak yang terdiri dari layer input, layer hiden dan layer output. Selanjutnya data diolah dengan menggunakan bantuan software Matlab.  Data yang diolah dalam penelitian ini adalah data hasil panen gabah padi dari tahun 2015 sampai 2020 yang diperoleh dari Dinas Pertanian Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan. Dari peneliatan yang dilakuakn dilakuakn dengan menggunakan beberapa model arsitektur maka diperoleh satu arsitektur yang mempunyai tingkat akurasi mencapai 92.9% atau tingkat error 7.1% dengan MSE = 0.00094783.
Re-examining Notions of Transnationalism, Cosmopolitanism and Xenophobia in Postcolonial Africa: A Textual Analysis of Teju Cole’s Open City
Authors: Chepkwony Kipkoech Mark , Kamau Nicholas , Mutie Stephen
Published: March 2022

This article looks at how ideas of transnationalism, cosmopolitanism and xenophobia are dramatized in the postcolonial novel in the Teju Cole’s Open City. The article examined transnationalism and cosmopolitanism as the quest that compels characters in the novel to move out of their initial localities; interrogated how the selected novel attempts to re-read the transitional mode of subjectification occasioned by transnationalism, cosmopolitanism and xenophobic attacks on immigrants and established why the immigrants in the text face the xenophobic treatment and how they negotiate the cross-cultural complexities of their new worlds. This article leaned on Taiye Selasi’s Afropolitanism theory. The article used close reading of Open City, exploring themes and motifs in the text. Data was analysed using content and thematic analysis. The article found out that the notions of transnationalism, cosmopolitanism and xenophobia in postcolonial Africa have birthed new identities which have been engaged and interrogated by the Teju Cole in Open City. The paper concluded that the notion of Afropolitanism, with its focus on both rootedness and movement, must be understood as an effort to bring together two divergent frameworks for an understanding of African identity. This article will benefit scholars in the field of migrations, human rights, and globalisations by tackling and exposing the complex view of globalisation, a criticism that transcends national boundaries, colonial worldviews, and postcolonial geopolitics and is based on mutual informing assumptions. It benefits literary studies, especially identity studies and African studies, because it interrogates how migrations bring out new identities and how these new identities stretch the understanding of the new direction of African literature.
Ethiopian Secondary School EFL Teachers’ Classroom Assessment Conceptions and Practices from an Activity Theory Perspectives
Authors: Gurmesa Dereje Bekuma , Birbirs Dereje Tadesse , Hussein Jeylan Wolyie , Tsegaye Alemayehu Getachew
Published: March 2022

Teachers’ language assessment conceptions play a vital role in the effectiveness of classroom assessment practices. Drawing on activity theory perspectives, the researchers intended to present a picture of English language teachers’ classroom assessment/testing conceptions and how their conceptions reflect their practices. To this end, 15 English language teachers whose teaching experience is more than three years were purposely selected for interview. The obtained data were coded, categorized into themes, and analysed qualitatively. The results indicated teachers’ assessment conceptions reflect that students and schools are highly accountable for English language classroom assessment. Teachers’ classroom assessment practices do not reflect their assessment conceptions as they use summative oriented assessment tools, and the activity system is dominated by teachers themselves.
Sentencing Child Offender: Key principles and Substances that the Juvenile Court Needs to Consider in Tanzania
Authors: Mwihomeke Tundonde S. , Jally Rose J.
Published: March 2022

Children commit crimes and they are convicted daily in our courts. Once the court convicts the child as an offender, it must impose correctional measures immediately. The major rationale for handling down the child to correctional mechanisms is to rehabilitate the child offender. Thus, the Juvenile Court is obliged to maintain and strengthen family relationships, choose a least restrictive sentence which is proportionate to both offence and offender that makes a child offender change and accept his or her responsibilities towards the commission of the offence. The obligation of the juvenile court is well enshrined in international legal instruments which necessitated the introduction of the key principles to be considered in sentencing child offenders in Tanzania. The key principles introduced by the international instruments focus on: rehabilitation of the child offender; maintaining and strengthening family relationships; being least restrictive; be proportionate to the youthfulness of the child; consideration of the interest of the society; and enabling the offender to accept responsibilities over the offence committed. Based on this, the Child Act focuses more on non-custodial sentences; the key principles to consider when sentencing the child are not provided in the Act explicitly rather there presented in its Rules. The present article discusses Case Laws, Statutes provisions and international laws and the legal position in Tanzania regarding the key principles and substances to consider when sentencing a child offender. It further points out the gaps of laws and practices which normally emerge when considering proper sentence to a child offender. It is concluded that laws regarding sentencing child offenders should reflect the international instruments. The courts and other state organs should make sure their practice meets the purpose of sentencing children offenders.
VARIATIONAL ANALYSIS OF AN ELASTIC-THERMO-VISCOPLASTIC CONTACT PROBLEM WITH NORMAL DAMPED RESPONSE
Authors: Ferhat M S. , Aissaoui A. , Rimi K.
Published: March 2022

We consider a quasistatic frictional contact problem between an elastic-viscoplastic body and an obstacle. The contact is modelled with normal damped response and a local friction law. The material is elastic-viscoplastic with two internal variables which may describe a temperature parameter and the damage of the contacting surface. We provide a variational formulation of the problem and prove the existence of a unique weak solution to the model. The proof is based on arguments of evolution equations with monotone operators, a classical existence and uniqueness result on parabolic inequalities and fixed point.
Assessment of Nicotine Dependence Using Fagerstrom Tolerance Scale among Tobacco Chewers and Smokers
Authors: Manju J  , Krithika C  , Sathya K  , Ashika A  , Reshma Nasreen M  , Gayathri P.S
Published: March 2022

Aim: To assess the level of nicotine dependence using Fagerstrom tolerance to nicotine dependencequestionnaire among tobacco chewers and smokers.Materials and Method: About 30 participants were included in the study and divided into two groupsin which 15 had the habit of using smokeless tobacco and 15 were smokers. Fagerstrom Tolerance toNicotine Dependence (FTND) questionnaire was given to the participants which has a scoring pointsfor their answers through which level of nicotine dependence is assessed.Results: The overall score for nicotine dependence when compared between the two groups the resultwas statistically significant.Conclusion: The level of nicotine dependence helps to plan for the treatment and also motivate thetobacco users to quit the habit.
An Investigation of the Nutrient Foramen in the Long Bones of the Upper and Lower Limbs in Turkish Population
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Kenan , DURSUN Ahmet , AYAZOĞLU Mehtap , KASTAMONİ Yadigar
Published: March 2022

Aim: We aimed to examine the presence, number, anatomic location of the nutrient foramen in the long bones of the upper and lower limbs and calculate the foramen index. Materials and Methods: Our study was conducted on a total of 295 bones, including 25 clavicle, 59 humerus, 49 radius, 32 ulna, 59 femur, 49 tibia, and 22 fibula. The number of the nutrient foramen in each bone, the anatomic location of the nutrient foramen on the bone, and the direction of its opening were determined and recorded. All bones were photographed with a millimeter ruler. The bone length and the distance of the nutrient foramen to the proximal of the bone were measured using the ImageJ program. The foramen index was calculated for each foramen. Results: At least one nutrient foramen was observed in all bones, except for one humerus and three fibula. The highest mean foramen index belonged to the humerus and clavicle, while the lowest mean foramen index belonged to the tibia. The direction of the nutrient foramen is mostly toward the acromial end (87.5%) in the clavicle, toward the distal in the humerus (97.6%), tibia (96.15%) and fibula (75%), and toward the proximal in the radius (96.36%), ulna (100%), and femur (98.97%).Conclusion: There are few studies on the nutrient foramen in which bones of the upper and lower limbs are examined together and comparisons between populations are made. Therefore, we think that our study will enrich the limited literature on this subject and contribute to clinicians.
O REIKI E A SUA INFLUÊNCIA BENÉFICA PARA PACIENTES ONCOLÓGICOS
Authors: Cristina Kruger Loos Daiane , César Dias Lopes Gabriel
Published: March 2022

Pacientes oncológicos necessitam de apoio, tratamento e cuidados alternativos para auxiliarem em todo o processo que envolve desde a descoberta até a remissão de um câncer. Nesse sentido, as terapias alternativas se tornam uma opção viável para que esses pacientes possam ter uma melhor qualidade de vida durante o tratamento e em suas recuperações. O objetivo geral deste artigo éapresentar os benefícios do reiki como um meio alternativo para o auxílio a pacientes oncológicos. A metodologia de pesquisa utilizada foi a pesquisa qualitativa. Quanto a coleta de dados, foi utilizada a pesquisa bibliográfica, com busca no Portal de Periódicos da CAPES com os seguintes descritores: reiki; pacientes oncológicos e tratamento complementar/alternativo. Conclui-se que o uso do reiki traz inúmeros benefícios para pacientes oncológicos como: auxílio na diminuição de estresse e fadiga, entre outros benefícios.
Investigation of Parasitic Infections among Primates in Selected Zoological Gardens in Nigeria
Authors: Johnson Joseph , Naomi Audu Danladi
Published: March 2022

In nature, wild animals live on large area and have consequently, a low genetic resistance against parasitic infections because of hoe exposure. When herds of these wild animals are kept in captivity in Zoological Gardens, the problem of parasite infection can aggravate and pose a serious threat to endangered species, occasionally causing sudden and unexpected local declines in abundance; unfortunately, there have been few detailed and comprehensive studies on the common parasitic infections, prevalence of the parasitic infections in the primates and the Health care management of the captive primates. The focus of the research work is on investigation of parasitic infection among primates in selected Zoological Gardens in Nigeria the researcher has the following objectives, The researcher adopted experimental method sample of fresh feaces were collected differently for 5 days and was examined at two different laboratory, that Ibadan and Jos. The Ibadan Zoological Garden twenty seven species of primates were examined, with only six infested with Trichuris Trichuria parasite; common in chimpanzee, mona monkey, Tantalus and white throated. In Jos Plateau Zoological Garden, twenty-four species of primates were examined only thirteen primates were infested with Trichuris Trichuria, F buskii, Eimeria, Ascaris Lumbricoides, S. mansoni, Hetrophyes, Those infested, are Red patas, softy mongabey, Baboon, Mona Monkey, Tantalus, and Chimpanzee. Kano Zoological Garden, thirty species of primates were examined, only eleven were infested with Ascaris Lumbricoides, Eimeria, Trichuris Trichuria, Fasciola those infested are Baboon, Chimpanzee, Mona Monkey, Patas, Tantalus Monkeys. All the above examination of the faecal sample material, a direct wet smear was used to reveal the parasites; examined with a how power objective (10x).
Comparative Study on DES and Triple DES Algorithms and Proposal of a New Algorithm Named Ternary DES for Digital Payments
Authors: Jammula Mounika
Published: March 2022

Whenever new algorithms are designed intruders try to break the key with the help of attack models. No algorithm is perfect against all attacks. But DES irrespective of its small key size, it has been considered to be strong design cipher till today. Designers of DES guaranteed a security margin of 2 power 56. If any attack which is essentially better than 2 power 56 search then that considered to be attack. To crack DES attackers need to spend $ 220000 so that the key can be revealed in 56 hours. But for digital transactions if the key can expire for less than 5 minutes it‟s difficult to crack. If this is the case with DES then it will be much more difficult to break Triple DES, which uses 112 bits of key size. The problem with Triple DES is having more rounds, which takes more processing time and space. Not only cryptography, even Light Weight Cryptography needs low processing time and space. Hence a new algorithm named ternary DES is proposed which requires only 56-bit key and 16 rounds. Ternary DES has the advantage of DES with the same key space and number of rounds, and advantage of Triple DES with difficult to break. To propose new algorithms for solving security issues many constraints we need to take into account. With one algorithm we can solve one or a few issues but not all.
Estimation of Stellar Atmospheric Parameters with Light Gradient Boosting Machine Algorithm and Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Liang Junchao , Bu Yude , Tan Kefeng , Pan Jingchang , Yi Zhenping , Kong Xiaoming , Fan Zhou
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we propose a new method to estimate stellar atmospheric parameters with photometric data, which is based on principal component analysis (PCA) and light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM) algorithms. We first use PCA to transform all band photometric data (u, v, g, r, i, and z) and then utilize LightGBM to estimate stellar atmospheric parameters. The experimental results show that the root mean square errors of the method for estimating the effective temperature, surface gravity, and metallicity are 90 K, 0.40 dex, and 0.20 dex, respectively. We then compare PCA + LightGBM with the original photometry data (OPD) + LightGBM and the color index data (CID) + LightGBM. The experimental results show that the performance of PCA + LightGBM is better than that of CID + LightGBM and OPD + LightGBM, and PCA + LightGBM can solve the problems of model instability and inaccurate estimation results caused by direct use of OPD or CID as input for LightGBM. We believe the new features obtained by PCA can be used on photometric data collected by the Chinese Space Station Telescope.
Diagnosing the Circumburst Environment with Multiband Gamma-Ray Burst Radio Afterglows
Authors: Zhang Bo , Liu Liang-Duan , Sun Tian-Rui , Lyu Fen , Wu Xue-Feng
Published: March 2022

It has been widely recognized that gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows arise from interactions between the GRB outflow and circumburst medium, while their evolution follows the behaviors of relativistic shock waves. Assuming the distribution of circumburst medium follows a general power-law form, that is, n = A
*
R
−k
, where R denotes the distance from the burst, it is obvious that the value of the density-distribution index k can affect the behaviors of the afterglow. In this paper, we analyze the temporal and spectral behaviors of GRB radio afterglows with arbitrary k values. In the radio band, a standard GRB afterglow produced by a forward shock exhibits a late-time flux peak, and the relative peak fluxes, as well as peak times at different frequencies, show dependencies on k. Thus, with multiband radio-peak observations, one can determine the density profile of the circumburst medium by comparing the relations between peak flux/time and frequency at each observing band. Also, the effects of transrelativistic shock waves, as well as jets in afterglows, are discussed. By analyzing 31 long and 1 short GRB with multiband data of radio afterglows, we find that nearly half of them can be explained with a uniform interstellar medium (k = 0), ∼1/5 can be constrained to exhibiting a stellar-wind environment (k = 2), while less than ∼1/3 of the samples show 0 < k < 2.
An Absolute Calibration of the Near-infrared Period–Luminosity Relations of Type II Cepheids in the Milky Way and in the Large Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Wielgórski Piotr , Pietrzyński Grzegorz , Pilecki Bogumił , Gieren Wolfgang , Zgirski Bartłomiej , Górski Marek , Hajdu Gergely , Narloch Weronika , Karczmarek Paulina , Smolec Radosław , Kervella Pierre , Storm Jesper , Gallenne Alexandre , Breuval Louise , Lewis Megan , Kałuszyński Mikołaj , Graczyk Dariusz , Pych Wojciech , Suchomska Ksenia , Taormina Mónica , Rojas Garcia Gonzalo , Kotek Aleksandra , Chini Rolf , Pozo Nũnez Francisco , Noroozi Sadegh , Sobrino Figaredo Catalina , Haas Martin , Hodapp Klaus , Mikołajczyk Przemysław , Kotysz Krzysztof , Moździerski Dawid , Kołaczek-Szymański Piotr
Published: March 2022

We present time-series photometry of 21 nearby type II Cepheids in the near-infrared J, H, and K

s
passbands. We use this photometry, together with the Third Gaia Early Data Release parallaxes, to determine for the first time period–luminosity relations (PLRs) for type II Cepheids from field representatives of these old pulsating stars in the near-infrared regime. We found PLRs to be very narrow for BL Herculis stars, which makes them candidates for precision distance indicators. We then use archival photometry and the most accurate distance obtained from eclipsing binaries to recalibrate PLRs for type II Cepheids in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). Slopes of our PLRs in the Milky Way and in the LMC differ by slightly more than 2σ and are in a good agreement with previous studies of the LMC, Galactic bulge, and Galactic globular cluster type II Cepheids samples. We use PLRs of Milky Way type II Cepheids to measure the distance to the LMC, and we obtain a distance modulus of 18.540 ± 0.026(stat.) ± 0.034(syst.) mag in the W

JK
Wesenheit index. We also investigate the metallicity effect within our Milky Way sample, and we find a rather significant value of about −0.2 mag dex−1 in each band meaning that more metal-rich type II Cepheids are intrinsically brighter than their more metal-poor counterparts, in agreement with the value obtained from type II Cepheids in Galactic globular clusters. The main source of systematic error on our Milky Way PLRs calibration, and the LMC distance, is the current uncertainty of the Gaia parallax zero-point.
Orbit Tomography of Binary Supermassive Black Holes with Very Long Baseline Interferometry
Authors: Fang Yun , Yang Huan
Published: March 2022

In this work, we study how to infer the orbit of a supermassive black hole binary (SMBHB) by time-dependent measurements with very long baseline interferometry, such as the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT). Assuming a pointlike luminosity image model, we show that with multiple years of observations by EHT, it is possible to recover the SMBHB orbital parameters—eccentricity, (rescaled) semimajor axis, orbital frequency, and orbital angles—from their time-varying visibilities even if the binaries’ orbital periods are a few times longer than the duration of observation. Together with the future gravitational wave detections of resolved sources of SMBHBs with the pulsar timing array, and/or the detections of optical-band light curves, we will be able to further measure the individual mass of the binary, and also determine the Hubble constant if the total mass of the binary is measured through the light curves of the two black holes or measured by alternative methods.
Finding Universal Relations in Subhalo Properties with Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Shao Helen , Villaescusa-Navarro Francisco , Genel Shy , Spergel David N. , Anglés-Alcázar Daniel , Hernquist Lars , Davé Romeel , Narayanan Desika , Contardo Gabriella , Vogelsberger Mark
Published: March 2022

We use a generic formalism designed to search for relations in high-dimensional spaces to determine if the total mass of a subhalo can be predicted from other internal properties such as velocity dispersion, radius, or star formation rate. We train neural networks using data from the Cosmology and Astrophysics with MachinE Learning Simulations project and show that the model can predict the total mass of a subhalo with high accuracy: more than 99% of the subhalos have a predicted mass within 0.2 dex of their true value. The networks exhibit surprising extrapolation properties, being able to accurately predict the total mass of any type of subhalo containing any kind of galaxy at any redshift from simulations with different cosmologies, astrophysics models, subgrid physics, volumes, and resolutions, indicating that the network may have found a universal relation. We then use different methods to find equations that approximate the relation found by the networks and derive new analytic expressions that predict the total mass of a subhalo from its radius, velocity dispersion, and maximum circular velocity. We show that in some regimes, the analytic expressions are more accurate than the neural networks. The relation found by the neural network and approximated by the analytic equation bear similarities to the virial theorem.
Eruption of the EUV Hot Channel from the Solar Limb and Associated Moving Type IV Radio Burst
Authors: Vemareddy P. , Démoulin P. , Raja K. Sasikumar , Zhang J. , Gopalswamy N. , Vasantharaju N.
Published: March 2022

Using the observations from the Solar Dynamics Observatory, we study an eruption of a hot-channel flux rope (FR) near the solar limb on 2015 February 9. The pre-eruptive structure is visible mainly in EUV 131 Å images, with two highly sheared loop structures. They undergo a slow rising motion and then reconnect to form an eruptive hot channel, as in the tether-cutting reconnection model. The J-shaped flare ribbons trace the footpoint of the FR that is identified as the hot channel. Initially, the hot channel is observed to rise slowly at 40 km s−1, followed by an exponential rise from 22:55 UT at a coronal height of 87 ± 2 Mm. Following the onset of the eruption at 23:00 UT, the flare reconnection then adds to the acceleration process of the coronal mass ejection (CME) within 3 R
⊙. Later on, the CME continues to accelerate at 8 m s−2 during its propagation period. Further, the eruption also launched type II radio bursts, which were followed by type III and type IVm radio bursts. The start and end times of the type IVm burst correspond to the CME’s core height of 1.5 and 6.1 R
⊙, respectively. Also, the spectral index is negative, suggesting that nonthermal electrons are trapped in the closed loop structure. Accompanied by this type IVm burst, this event is unique in the sense that the flare ribbons are very clearly observed together with the erupting hot channel, which strongly suggests that the hooked parts of the J-shaped flare ribbons outline the boundary of the erupting FR.
The Maximum Mass-loss Efficiency for a Photoionization-driven Isothermal Parker Wind
Authors: Vissapragada Shreyas , Knutson Heather A. , dos Santos Leonardo A. , Wang Lile , Dai Fei
Published: March 2022

Observations of present-day mass-loss rates for close-in transiting exoplanets provide a crucial check on models of planetary evolution. One common approach is to model the planetary absorption signal during the transit in lines like He i 10830 with an isothermal Parker wind, but this leads to a degeneracy between the assumed outflow temperature T
0 and the mass-loss rate

M

̇

that can span orders of magnitude in

M

̇

. In this study, we re-examine the isothermal Parker wind model using an energy-limited framework. We show that in cases where photoionization is the only heat source, there is a physical upper limit to the efficiency parameter ε corresponding to the maximal amount of heating. This allows us to rule out a subset of winds with high temperatures and large mass-loss rates as they do not generate enough heat to remain self-consistent. To demonstrate the utility of this framework, we consider spectrally unresolved metastable helium observations of HAT-P-11b, WASP-69b, and HAT-P-18b. For the former two planets, we find that only relatively weak (

M

̇

≲

10

11.5

g s−1) outflows can match the metastable helium observations while remaining energetically self-consistent, while for HAT-P-18b all of the Parker wind models matching the helium data are self-consistent. Our results are in good agreement with more detailed self-consistent simulations and constraints from high-resolution transit spectra.
« Pertes et profils » : éditions « bleues » rouennaises du XVIII e siècle et collections conservées
Authors: Mellot Jean-Dominique
Published: March 2022

Pour tenter de reconstituer le corpus et le volume de la Bibliothèque bleue rouennaise du xviii e  siècle, la recherche mobilise les différentes sources d’archives à notre disposition. Est particulièrement exploité l’inventaire après décès de l’imprimeur-libraire Jean-François Behourt. Ce document recense pas moins de 533 953 exemplaires se rattachant à 188 titres (dont 119 pourvus d’un stock de plus de 1 000 exemplaires). Il dessine, en le rapprochant des inventaires troyens, un profil type de l’éditeur « bleu » du xviii e  siècle, détenteur de presses, de titres et de stocks en quantités comparables d’un lieu à l’autre, et misant à 40 % au moins sur un répertoire religieux. Face à ce constat fondé sur les inventaires, le bilan de la conservation est bien maigre : 11 titres publiés par J.-F. Behourt ont été retrouvés sur les 40 titres les plus massivement représentés dans son inventaire — leçon de prudence dans l’approche de ce que fut la Bibliothèque bleue au dernier siècle de l’Ancien Régime.
Les élections comptent. Remarques sur l’évolution de la politique électorale du mouvement Black Lives Matter
Authors: Recoquillon Charlotte
Published: March 2022

Cet article a pour objectif d’analyser l’évolution des tactiques électorales du mouvement Black Lives Matter jusqu’à ce jour. Dès le début, la nature très décentralisée et horizontale de BLM a permis la coexistence de stratégies locales variées et une pluralité de traditions militantes et politiques au sein du mouvement. En 2016, l’influence de BLM a pesé sur les démocrates. Aujourd’hui, le mouvement structure son entrée dans l’arène électorale. Ces évolutions s’inscrivent dans une stratégie plus générale de conquête de pouvoir et d’influence politique de long terme mais ne sont qu’un élément d’un vaste arsenal de stratégies militantes.
Créer une dépendance républicaine à un « sentier trumpien » : la stratégie de Trump World pour les élections de 2022
Authors: Chervaux Maxime
Published: March 2022

En 2016, Donald Trump a gagné la Maison Blanche grâce à l’appui de dernière minute des groupes et donateurs républicains ralliés à sa candidature. Après sa défaite en 2020, l’ancien président et ses alliés ont progressivement mis en place une structure de groupes para-républicains qu’ils cherchent à substituer aux groupes républicains traditionnels, notamment grâce à sa force de frappe financière. Armé de Trump World, il s’investit dans les élections de mi-mandat de 2022 pour effacer toute trace d’opposition en soutenant « ses » candidats et en défaisant ceux qui refusent d’adopter l’agenda « America First ». La stratégie est payante : peu de républicains osent critiquer l’ancien président, ou voter « contre lui » au Congrès. Il utilise par ailleurs ces élections pour rendre sa candidature inévitable en 2024, créant un « sentier trumpien » qui s’impose de plus en plus à tous les candidats conservateurs. Mais, ce faisant, Trump World propulse des candidats aux idées et aux histoires personnelles douteuses, ce qui pourrait les disqualifier aux yeux des modérés et des indépendants à l’automne, une fois les primaires gagnées, offrant ainsi quelques espoirs aux démocrates dans un contexte qui leur est peu favorable.
Un droit de vote à deux vitesses : le système électoral à l’épreuve des années Trump
Authors: Richomme Olivier
Published: March 2022

Le Parti républicain états-unien fait face à une évolution démographique qui lui est défavorable. Dans un contexte de polarisation politique croissante, au lieu de changer de stratégie, les républicains tentent de profiter d’un système électoral complètement décentralisé. Dans les États sous leur contrôle, on observe une multiplication des restrictions du droit de vote. Ils mobilisent l’argument de la fraude pour modifier les règles électorales afin de maintenir l’électorat le plus blanc, plus âgé et plus rural possible. Ces restrictions donnent lieu à de nombreuses batailles juridiques puisque les démocrates tentent, eux, d’assouplir les règles électorales en particulier dans le contexte de la pandémie. De plus, en 2020, l’assaut sur les règles électorales est venu directement du président Trump qui joua à la fois sur les conditions matérielles du vote et sur la confiance dans l’intégrité du scrutin. On assiste donc à une augmentation des inégalités dans l’exercice du droit de vote entre citoyens et entre États.
L’Indopacifique des États-Unis ou comment maintenir la primauté états-unienne en Asie
Authors: Saint-Mézard Isabelle
Published: March 2022

L’article propose d’abord une généalogie du concept de l’Indopacifique aux États-Unis. Il souligne le caractère précurseur de la politique du pivot vers l’Asie de l’administration Obama, tout en montrant que l’adoption officielle de la terminologie de l’Indopacifique par le président Trump en 2017 marque une inflexion majeure. Dès lors, en effet, les États-Unis basculent dans une approche ouvertement antichinoise et centrée sur l’idée d’une confrontation de système de valeurs. L’Indopacifique des États-Unis est, en ce sens, intimement lié à l’aggravation de leur rivalité avec la Chine. L’article analyse, ensuite, les moyens déployés par les États-Unis pour mettre en œuvre leur stratégie indopacifique. Il montre qu’en l’espèce les États-Unis se sont inscrits dans la continuité d’une approche générale établie dès les années 2000, consistant à renforcer et élargir leur réseau d’alliances et de partenaires en Asie et à explorer différentes combinaisons de formats minilatéraux. Il souligne néanmoins que l’Indopacifique des États-Unis s’est surtout concrétisé dans le domaine de la sécurité et que son volet économique est resté sous-développé depuis 2017, ce qui constitue une faille pour contrer l’influence de la Chine dans ce vaste espace régional.
Récits de vie et (auto)biographies : une histoire des concepts et de leur appropriation dans les pratiques éducatives
Authors: da Cunha Jorge Luiz
Published: March 2022

Ce texte propose une réflexion sur les pratiques politiques, culturelles et éducationnelles liées aux narrations de soi et aux récits (auto)biographiques. Cette réflexion repose sur la prise en considération de composantes liées à différentes aires et époques de la culture occidentale, telles que l’antiquité grecque (période présocratique, idéalisme platonicien et socratique, réalisme aristotélicien), le christianisme (catéchistique médiévale), la modernité capitaliste depuis ses origines, jusqu’à notre moment contemporain et aux alternatives qu’il ouvre, liées à la question de la durabilité de l’humain.
Épreuves biographiques et mises en œuvre de soi. Quelques enjeux de formation professionnelle dans l’éducation plurilingue
Authors: Molinié Muriel
Published: March 2022

Le travail de création autobiographique peut-il nourrir des dynamiques de changement dans le champ social et professionnel du plurilinguisme/pluriculturalisme français ? L’article répond positivement à cette question, à condition d’œuvrer à l’articulation entre dispositifs (de recherche, de création, de professionnalisation), dans le cadre d’une discipline (ici, la didactique des langues, des cultures et du plurilinguisme) qui contribue à faire société à partir de notions centrales telles que la diversité, l’altérité et la mixité. Engagés dans une biographisation à la fois sociale et esthétique de l’expérience, les acteurs de l’éducation plurilingue et interculturelle sont alors plus armés pour se professionnaliser tout en analysant les contradictions qui caractérisent les épreuves de l’altérité vécues dans les institutions (éducatives, formatives, scientifiques) qu’ils contribuent ainsi à faire évoluer.
Posture du chercheur dans la recherche biographique en éducation : vers la co-construction d’un pouvoir d’agir
Authors: Pôle Initiatives en recherche biogr
Published: March 2022

Ce texte collectif propose des éléments de réflexion relatifs à la construction de la posture du chercheur inscrit dans le champ de la recherche biographique, entendue comme approche théorique et méthodologique en sciences de l’éducation et de la formation. Il est le fruit de la réflexion d’un groupe de chercheurs réunis au sein du Pôle initiatives en recherche biographique du Collège international de recherche biographique en éducation ( cirbe ). Relatif à la construction de la posture et à l’engagement du chercheur dans la recherche biographique, il explore — en examinant les enjeux et les agir de la recherche biographique — les postures susceptibles de faire de la recherche une pratique émancipatrice, ou du moins permettant d’accroître le pouvoir d’agir des acteurs tant du côté des participants que du côté du chercheur lui-même. Il s’agit d’explorer les conditions permettant de faire de l’espace de la recherche un espace d’écoute et de dialogue préservé des injonctions à se définir et à se former soi-même pour devenir un sujet capable et performant.
1973-1993 : la Banque de France d’une crédibilité à l’autre
Authors: Margairaz Michel
Published: March 2022

À travers l’analyse des débats autour des deux lois de 1973 et 1993 relatives au statut de la Banque de France, on examine les fondements de la crédibilité du franc telle qu’elle est envisagée par les autorités monétaires et, plus largement, dans le débat public. On insiste surtout sur le fait que la préoccupation de la crédibilité monétaire passe pour les responsables politiques et financiers du moment par la recherche de la confiance de plusieurs communautés : communauté nationale, celle de la place financière, de la communauté internationale des banques centrales, celle de la communauté européenne, des marchés internationaux de capitaux… Mais l’équilibre entre ces différentes communautés évolue dans les vingt années qui séparent les deux statuts, au profit de la communauté « des marchés internationaux, de plus en plus interpénétrés » (Jacques de Larosière).
L’indépendance du juge dans le cadre européen : évolutions et interrogations partagées
Authors: Stirn Bernard
Published: March 2022

Le présent texte constitue une réaction aux rapports présentés par les juges Biltgen et Lemmens lors du colloque « L’indépendance du juge national vue par les deux Cours européennes », organisé par la Revue le 7 février 2020 à la Cour de justice de l’Union européenne. Ces rapports ont été publiés respectivement dans les numéros 123 et 124 de la Revue . L’auteur envisage, à l’aune des exigences européennes, les évolutions et les interrogations relatives à l’indépendance du juge.
Entre devoir de réserve et liberté d’expression, un équilibre précaire pour les enseignants
Authors: Lemmens Éric , Demeuse Rodrigue
Published: March 2022

Le droit à la liberté d’expression, s’il est fondamental dans une société démocratique, n’est cependant pas absolu. Les agents de la fonction publique, parmi lesquels se trouvent les enseignants, sont particulièrement susceptibles de subir des ingérences dans l’exercice de ce droit, en raison des devoirs et responsabilités particuliers qui pèsent sur leurs épaules. Dans la décision Mahi c. Belgique du 3 septembre 2020, la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme réaffirme ces principes avec force, tout en rappelant les balises qui doivent nécessairement encadrer de telles restrictions.
Ancrer le droit à un environnement sain au niveau supranational : pour une action renforcée du Conseil de l’Europe sur les changements climatiques
Authors: Le Bris Catherine
Published: March 2022

Le présent article constitue une version, quelque peu remaniée, de l’audition présentée par l’auteure devant l’Assemblée Parlementaire du Conseil de l’Europe le 1 er  décembre 2020 lors de la session « Ancrer le droit à un environnement sain : la nécessité d’une action renforcée du Conseil de l’Europe ». En effet, cette organisation envisage, actuellement, l’adoption d’un traité reconnaissant le droit à l’environnement. Deux voies s’ouvrent à cette organisation pour mener à bien ce projet. La première, classique, consiste dans l’adoption d’un protocole additionnel à la Convention européenne des droits de l’homme qui reconnaîtrait un droit individuel à un environnement sain. La seconde, plus ambitieuse, s’oriente vers un nouvel instrument obligatoire, présentant un caractère autonome, avec pour objectif de consacrer un droit collectif de l’humanité à un environnement viable.
La liberté de réunion pacifique, garante d’un espace civique menacé : commentaire en marge de l’observation générale n o 37 du Comité des droits de l’homme
Authors: Zimmermann Nesa
Published: March 2022

Adoptée en ligne en raison du Covid-19, l’observation générale n o  37 intervient dans un contexte global caractérisé par des restrictions sans précédent à la liberté de réunion. Elle affirme l’importance cruciale de cette liberté pour l’espace démocratique, en rappelant que les restrictions doivent rester l’exception, et en concrétisant les obligations étatiques en la matière. Cet article situe l’observation générale dans son contexte et en présente les principaux apports.
Le champ d’application spatial des législations nationales en matière de conduite responsable des entreprises
Authors: Schmid Evelyne
Published: March 2022

Plusieurs États européens envisagent de légiférer, ou l’ont déjà fait, dans le domaine de la conduite responsable des entreprises et exigent des entreprises de respecter certaines normes de droits humains quel que soit le lieu où elles exercent leurs activités. Nous démontrons que le champ d’application spatial de telles législations nationales contient trois volets distincts. Distinguer ces trois volets nous permet de structurer le débat sur l’étendue géographique, l’extraterritorialité et la légitimité de ce type de réglementations nationales du point de vue des obligations en matière de droits humains et de la souveraineté des États.
Des personnes vulnérables aux situations de vulnérabilité : à quoi sert le droit en temps de Covid ?
Authors: Hachez Isabelle , Hardt Mathilde , Losseau Laurie , Nederlandt Olivia , Saroléa Sylvie , Triaille Louis
Published: March 2022

Cette contribution examine les réponses publiques qui, en temps de Covid, ont été apportées à quatre situations de vulnérabilité : celles auxquelles sont confrontées les personnes âgées, les personnes en situation de handicap, les personnes incarcérées et les personnes étrangères. Les auteur(e)s tentent de déterminer, sous le prisme du droit des droits fondamentaux, si la vulnérabilité des catégories de personnes envisagées a conduit durant la pandémie, au sein de l’ordre juridique belge, à un surcroît de protection, à un déficit de protection ou à l’un et l’autre à la fois, dans des proportions variables selon les lieux et les circonstances.
La détention au temps du Covid sous le regard de la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme
Authors: Beernaert Marie-Aude
Published: March 2022

Le 23 mars 2021, la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme a rendu une décision d’irrecevabilité partielle en cause de Fenech c. Malte , dans laquelle elle était amenée à se prononcer sur les mesures de suspension des procédures pénales décidées au plus fort de la crise du Covid-19 et leur impact quant à la régularité du maintien en détention préventive d’un accusé. Au-delà des spécificités du cas d’espèce, cette affaire est aussi l’occasion de revenir plus largement sur les diverses mesures qui ont été adoptées à l’égard des détenus durant la crise sanitaire que nous avons traversée, et de questionner leur compatibilité avec la Convention européenne des droits de l’homme.