bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Occupational radiation protection for the medical staff during the fluoroscopic spinal procedure: Are we protected adequately?; A cadaveric simulation study
Authors: Yamashita Kazuta , Nakajima Daiki , Tamaki Yasuaki , Omichi Yasuyuki , Hayashi Hiroaki , Tsuruo Yoshihiro , Sairyo Koichi
Published: March 2024

Background
Fluoroscopy is crucial in spine surgery, but exposes medical staff to scattered radiation, raising concerns about health risks. The effectiveness of using protective equipment to reduce occupational exposure remains uncertain.
Objective
The purpose of this study was to evaluate actual radiation exposure doses and shielding effectiveness during simulated spine surgery.
Methods
Using seven fresh cadavers and mannequins, radiation exposure was measured with and without protective equipment. The X-ray source was positioned under the table, over the table, and laterally. Radiation exposure doses were measured at different simulated areas such as the optic lens, thyroid gland, and hand of the medical staff.
Results
There were significant differences in the radiation exposure dose under different conditions and for different irradiated areas. The protective equipment significantly reduced radiation exposure. However, exposure remained relatively high, especially to the surgeon's lens and hand when the radiation source was positioned over and laterally. Exposure to scrub nurses and anesthesiologists was relatively low.
Conclusions
Shielding is critical, but the complete elimination of radiation exposure is challenging. Overall, protective equipment is effective in reducing occupational radiation exposure, but additional measures may be necessary, especially when the radiation source is positioned over the table and laterally. Our results provide a guide for medical staff to understand the risk of radiation exposure.
Toward Optimal Feature Selection: A Framework Harnessing Ensemble Metaheuristics
Authors: Zipp Logan R. , Mai Garrett A. , Osti Manish , Al-Fuqaha Ala , MULAHUWAISH AOS , Qolomany Basheer
Published: March 2024

The increasing complexity of datasets in various domains necessitates more effective and efficient feature selection techniques for predictive analytics. This study presents an ensemble approach that integrates multiple metaheuristic algorithms to optimize feature selection across different datasets. Utilizing five datasets—NSL KDD, DARWIN, Period Changer, Toxicity, and SMK CAN 187—our experimental evaluation compared the ensemble of metaheuristic algorithms against individual algorithms in terms of both feature selection and predictive accuracy. Our results revealed that the ensemble approach significantly reduced the dimensionality of the feature space without sacrificing much in terms of predictive performance. For instance, on the NSL KDD dataset, the ensemble method averaged just 4.76% selected features with a competitive accuracy rate of 93.9%. Conversely, on the Period Changer dataset, the ensemble not only reduced the feature set but also outperformed individual algorithms with a higher average accuracy rate of 56.7%. These findings affirm the potential of ensembles of metaheuristics to offer a trade-off between computational efficiency and prediction accuracy, making them highly applicable in resource-constrained and real-world scenarios.
Lost diagnoses? A multi-year trajectory of patients with childhood ADHD in the criminal justice system in Switzerland
Authors: Wyler Helen , Wijnkoop Moritz van , Smith Alexander , Retz Wolfgang , Liebrenz Michael , Buadze Ana
Published: March 2024

Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is prevalent amongst offenders, increasing risks for aggressive and delinquent behaviours. Since ADHD and its symptoms can persist into adulthood, accurately diagnosing and maintaining diagnoses in offenders is crucial to ensure appropriate treatment and reduce recidivism.
Methods: This study employed a retrospective longitudinal design to investigate ADHD amongst adult offenders at a Swiss forensic outpatient clinic between 2008 and 2021. N = 181 patient files were reviewed, including forensic expert witness assessments and treatment reports. We charted the adulthood trajectory of patients with a confirmed childhood/adolescence ADHD diagnosis, examining the course of their diagnoses. Results are reported using descriptive statistics and graphical representations.
Results: Of 181 patients, evidence indicated that 12 (7%) had an ADHD diagnosis in childhood/adolescence. In 1 (8%) of these 12 cases, the diagnosis was maintained throughout the observation period. For 4 patients (33%), a diagnosis was given in the first forensic psychiatric expert witness assessment in adulthood but subsequently dropped. In another 4 cases (33%), the diagnosis was dropped in adulthood but later re-assigned, whereas in 3 cases (25%), the diagnosis was discontinued throughout the observation period. In 50% of cases with a diagnostic change, the discontinuation of an adult ADHD diagnosis coincided with a newly diagnosed personality disorder (or vice versa).
Conclusions: Our findings highlighted considerable inconsistencies in the assignment of adult ADHD diagnoses amongst offenders. Whilst ADHD remission in adulthood occurs, the diagnostic variability in our results warrants detailed scrutiny. One possibility is that ADHD has similar fluctuations to conditions like depression, as argued elsewhere. Equally, diagnoses may become “lost”, meaning they are not given even when applicable and replaced by other diagnoses. Additionally, residual symptoms may remain but beyond the diagnostic threshold. This is significant because untreated ADHD can increase re-offending risks and adverse health outcomes.
Preoperative CT-Based Radiomic Prognostic Index to Predict the Benefit of Postoperative Radiotherapy in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Ma Zeliang , Men Yu , liu yunsong , Bao Yongxing , Liu Qian , Yang Xu , Wang Jianyang , Deng Lei , Zhai Yirui , Bi Nan , Wang Luhua , Hui Zhouguang
Published: March 2024

Background
The value of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains controversial. A subset of patients may benefit from PORT. We aimed to identify patients with NSCLC who could benefit from PORT.
Methods
Six cohorts were included. The radiomic prognostic index (RPI) was developed using radiomic texture features extracted from the primary lung nodule in preoperative chest CT scans in cohort 1 and validated in other cohorts. We employed a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator-Cox regularisation model for data dimension reduction, feature selection, and the construction of the RPI. We created a lymph-radiomic prognostic index (LRPI) by combining RPI and positive lymph node number (PLN). We compared the outcomes of patients who received PORT against those who did not in the subgroups determined by the LRPI.
Results
In total, 228, 1003, 144, 422, 19, and 21 patients were eligible in cohorts 1–6. RPI predicted overall survival (OS) in all six cohorts: cohort 1 (HR = 2.31, 95% CI: 1.18–4.52), cohort 2 (HR = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.26–2.14), cohort 3 (HR = 2.53, 95% CI: 1.45–4.3), cohort 4 (HR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.01–1.52), cohort 5 (HR = 2.56, 95% CI: 0.73–9.02), cohort 6 (HR = 2.30, 95% CI: 0.53–10.03). LRPI predicted OS (C-index: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.60–0.75) better than the pT stage (C-index: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.50–0.63), pT + PLN (C-index: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.46–0.70), and RPI (C-index: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.54–0.75). The LRPI was used to categorize individuals into three risk groups; patients in the moderate-risk group benefited from PORT (HR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.40–0.91; p = 0.02), while patients in the low-risk and high-risk groups did not.
Conclusions
We developed preoperative CT-based radiomic and lymph-radiomic prognostic indexes capable of predicting OS and the benefits of PORT for patients with NSCLC.
Investigation of Structural, Optical and Mechanical Properties of Poly (methyl methacrylate) / Zirconium oxide (PMMA/ZrO2 ) Nanocomposite Films
Authors: Horti N. C. , Mathapati S. I. , Banapurmath N. R. , Pujari V. S. , Inamdar S. R. , Kamatagi M. D.
Published: March 2024

This research article explain the fabrication of poly (methyl methacrylate)/ zirconium oxide (PMMA/ZrO2) nanocomposite films via a solution casting technique. The fabricated nanocomposite films were examined for their structural, morphological and optical properties through X-ray diffraction, Atomic force microscopy, Fourier infrared transform, UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence emission spectroscopy techniques. Thermogravimetric test was performed to check the thermal stability of nanocomposite films and the mechanical properties was assessed using a universal testing machine. XRD patterns of samples showed the formation of pure PMMA films and the successful incorporation of ZrO2 nano-fillers into polymer matrix and the results are in good agreement with the FTIR results. The agglomeration of particles and change in surface roughness of films was noticed from AFM images. UV-Vis absorption analysis revealed that the absorption onset of PMMA films shifted towards a longer wavelength with an increasing content of ZrO2 nano-fillers. The photoluminescence spectra exhibited the significant enhancement of photoluminescence intensity and a red shift in the emission peak of PMMA films as the content of ZrO2 nanofillers increases. With an increase of ZrO2 nanofiller concentration, the mechanical properties of composite films change significantly. The sample with 3% nano-filler exhibited the good mechanical strength, including a break energy of 4665 MJ/m3 and a break stress of 3.390 MPa and superior photoluminescence intensity making it suitable composite material for denture-based applications.
IIFS2.0: An Improved Incremental Feature Selection Method for Protein Sequence Processing Based on a Caching Strategy
Authors: Meng Chaolu , Pei Yue , Bu Yongbo , Liu Qing , Li Qun , Zhang Ying , Zou Quan
Published: March 2024

The purpose of feature selection in protein sequence recognition problems is to select the optimal feature set and use it as training input for classifiers and discover key sequence features of specific proteins. In the feature selection process, relevant features associated with the target task will be retained, and irrelevant and redundant features will be removed. Therefore, in an ideal state, a feature combination with smaller feature dimensions and higher performance indicators is desired. This paper proposes an algorithm called IIFS2.0 based on the cache elimination strategy, which takes the local optimal combination of cached feature subsets as a breakthrough point. It searches for a new feature combination method through the cache elimination strategy to avoid the drawbacks of human factors and excessive reliance on feature sorting results. We validated and analyzed its effectiveness on the protein dataset, demonstrating that IIFS2.0 significantly reduces the dimensionality of feature combinations while also improving various evaluation indicators. In addition, we provide IIFS2.0 on http://112.124.26.17:8006/ for researchers to use.
Adversarial transfer learning based hybrid recurrent network for air quality prediction
Authors: Hao Yanqi , Luo Chuan , Li Tianrui , Zhang Junbo , Chen Hongmei
Published: March 2024

Air quality modeling and forecasting has become a key problem in environmental protection. The existing prediction models typically require large-scale and high-quality historical data to achieve better performance. However, insufficient data volume and significant differences between data distribution across different regions will definitely reduce the effectiveness of the model reuse. To address the above issues, we propose a novel hybrid recurrent network based on domain adversarial transfer to achieve a stronger generalization ability when training air quality data from multi-source domains. The proposed model mainly consists of three fundamental modules, i.e., feature extractor, regression predictor, and domain classifier. One-dimensional convolutional neural networks (1D-CNNs) are used to extract temporal feature of data from source and target stations. Bi-directional gated recurrent unit (bi-GRU) and bi-directional long short-term memory (bi-LSTM) are utilized to learn temporal dependencies pattern of multivariate time series data. Two adversarial transfer strategies are employed to ensure that our model is capable of finding domain invariant representations automatically. Experiments with different number of source domains are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed domain transfer strategies. The experimental results also show that our composite model has superior performance for forecasting air quality in various regions. As further evidence, the adversarial training method could promote the positive transfer and alleviate the negative effect of irrelevant source data. Besides, our model exhibits preferable generalization capability as more robust prediction results are achieved on both unseen target domains and original source domains.
An Inverse Distance Weighting and Radial BasisFunction Based Particle Swarm Optimizer forHigh-dimensional Expensive Optimization
Authors: Huang Xun , Li Fei , Liu Xiang , Zhou Baiyu
Published: March 2024

Surrogate-assisted evolutionary algorithms is one of the effective solutions tohigh-dimensional expensive optimization problems. It builds a surrogate modelto reduce the computational cost of expensive problems. However, the quality ofmodel management will directly affect the optimization performance of the algorithm. Inverse distance weighting and radial basis function (IDW-RBF) modelis constructed with low time cost and provides relatively estimated fitness valueand estimated uncertainty respectively. In order to reduce the calculation cost,this paper adopts a social learning particle swarm optimization algorithm namedIR-SLPSO which based on IDW-RBF model. In addition, IR-SLPSO proposes asimplified multiobjective infill criterion (SMIC), selects the last layer and the firstlayer of two prominent particles into the expensive real function operation in theprocess of nondominated sorting. We simulate IR-SLPSO with the existing fourSAEAs on the six commonly used benchmark functions from 50 to 100 dimension.Experimental results show that IR-SLPSO is competitive on high-dimensionalexpensive optimization problems.
Effect of Berberis vulgaris L. Extract on Beef Patties Quality Parameters
Authors: Topcu Kübra Cinar , UGUR Gamze
Published: March 2024

The effects of adding Berberis vulgaris L. fruit extract to beef patties (patties) on physicochemical, sensory, texture and safety features were investigated. The addition of the extract did not cause a significant change in the approximate composition (moisture and ash) of the patties. It had a significant effect on the pH value in all groups of raw and cooked patties (P < 0.01). Initially, it had a significant effect on the TBARS value in all groups (P < 0.05), while there was no significant difference in TBARS values after cooking (p > 0.05). While no significant difference was observed for the color values, cooking caused a fall in L*, a* and b* values. Cooking yield had a significant effect in all groups (P < 0.01). The use of Berberis extract in patties reduced the cooking yield. The addition of the extract did not change the sensory features of the patties by a significant degree. Additionally, texture analysis showed very significant effects of hardness (N), gumminess (N) and chewiness (mJ) values in all groups (P < 0.01). The findings indicate that the extract does not significantly alter the patties' properties but reduces lipid oxidation and enhances textural attributes. This study supports the potential use of Berberis vulgaris L. extract as a natural additive to improve the quality of beef patties.
Electrochemical Indicators of Sarcoplasmic Meat Discoloration: A Novel Food Technology
Authors: Krishnan Sadagopan , KD Sandun Bogahawaththa , Bhandari Silan , Devage Sachinthani , Avery Jacob , Kumar Rishav , Ramanathan Ranjith
Published: March 2024

Meat discoloration is a major issue in the meat industry that affects quality and shelf life. In this report, we present a new user-friendly electroanalytical tool for directly probing signature redox peaks associated with meat discoloration and its delay when controlled biochemically and validated by spectrophotometry. The designed approach is valuable in potentially reducing nutritious beef waste, environmental impacts from waste disposal, and CO2 emissions due to discoloration problems.
Techniques to Predict Employee Attrition Using Optimized Levy Fruit Fly Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Preena Romela
Published: March 2024

Competent people are a valuable asset for strong businesses. The issue of retaining competent staff with expertise poses a challenge to business owners. Companies may incur losses due to employee turnover if they are unable to replace lost expertise and productivity. Consequently, this research suggests a new model that uses machine learning to forecast staff turnover. The datasets are collected from Kaggle resource. The dataset has been pre-processed using standard scalar with Label Encoding method. The dataset has been trained with ML algorithm. The best features are selected by using modified genetic algorithm (MGA). The classification has been done with KNN, Gradient Boosting and Extra tree classifier. Finally, the attrition prediction using optimized levy fruit fly optimization (OLFFO). The experimental results are compared with ML algorithms with classification metrics (Accuracy, Precision, recall and f-measure).
Traffic modeling using Machine Learning methods for predicting vehicle numbers at junctions: A case study in Colombo, Sri Lanka
Authors: Hasan Farasath
Published: March 2024

Traffic modeling is a fundamental tool for comprehending the complex dynamics of urban mobility. It provides vital insights for transportation planning and the construction of infrastructure. This study aims to employ sophisticated machine-learning techniques to forecast the volume of vehicles at certain main intersections in Colombo, Sri Lanka. The study emphasizes the importance of traffic modeling in influencing policy development and optimizing transportation networks, based on a thorough evaluation of relevant literature. The research utilizes machine learning methods, namely random forest regression, to analyze temporal and spatial trends in traffic flows. This analysis yields valuable insights for urban planners and transportation authorities. An examination of the dataset, utilizing methodologies such as rolling statistics and time series analysis, reveals subtle variations in traffic levels over time, including the influence of external influences like as the COVID-19 pandemic. The study's results highlight the significant impact of incorporating machine learning techniques into traffic modeling, providing a solution to improve urban mobility, decrease congestion, and create more sustainable transportation systems. This research ultimately enhances the development of data-driven solutions to tackle the changing mobility requirements of Colombo and establishes the groundwork for future research in the field of urban transportation modeling.
Relationships between Floral Morphology, Breeding Behavior, and Flower Longevity in Easter Cactus (Hatiora ×graeseri)
Authors: Boyle Thomas H. , Karl Renate
Published: March 2024

Experiments were performed to determine the influence of floral morphology and breeding behavior on flower longevity in Easter cactus. Four clones were used for this study: two clones (`Evita' and `Purple Pride') were highly self-incompatible (SI) and diploid (n = 11) and two other clones were self-compatible (SC) cytochimeras (diploid epidermis and tetraploid subepidermis) that were recovered from the diploid clones. There were clonal differences in the degree of herkogamy (spatial separation between anthers and stigma) and the stage of floral development in which autogamy commenced. Autogamy commenced on the day of anthesis in the `Evita' clones, but commenced ≈5 days after anthesis in the `Purple Pride' clones. Styles from undisturbed flowers were collected at senescence, fixed, and examined with epifluorescence microscopy. The SI diploid clones contained few pollen tubes at the base of the style, whereas the SC cytochimeras contained numerous pollen tubes at the base of the style. Among the `Evita' clones, flowers of the SC cytochimera senesced ≈3 days earlier the SI diploid. However, diploid and cytochimeral clones of `Purple Pride' were similar in flower longevity. Differences in flower longevity were attributed to clonal variation in breeding behavior and floral morphology. These data suggest that herkogamy should be used as a selection criterion when breeding for increased flower longevity in tetraploid (SC) Easter cactus.
Nitrogen Status of Cranberry Plants Can Be Evaluated Based on Vegetative Growth, Plant Greenness, or Tissue Nitrogen
Authors: DeMoranville Carolyn , Davenport Joan
Published: March 2024

A standard value of 0.9% to 1.1% N in tissue has been established as the normal range for cranberry shoot tip samples collected late in the season. Recently, a survey (30 sites, four cultivars, mid-month in June, July, August) was conducted over a 4-year period comparing tissue N, SPAD Meter readings, length of new upright growth, yield, and fertilizer use. Length of new growth (from the point of budbreak on the old tissue) could be used as an indicator Of cranberry N status in the month of June up until early bloom. Length at this developmental stage was positively correlated with subsequent yield. From hook stage through early bloom, recommended standard lengths were as follows: `Early Black', 50 to 60 mm; `Howes', 45 to 55 mm; `Stevens', 60 to 70 mm; `Ben Lear', 55 to 65 mm. The SPAD Meter proved to be a viable alternative to in-season monitoring of cranberry tissue N. Readings below proposed standard values indicated the need for N fertilizer if vegetative growth was normal. SPAD Meter readings could be used to determine if tissue N was in the normal range by reading old or new leaves in June and July. However, in August, only diagnostic readings on new leaves were recommended. High readings in old leaves in August were associated with poor crops the following year. DeMoranville: e-mail carolynd@umext.umass.edu; phone (508) 295-2212 ext. 25.
An Environmentally Modified, Vertical Growing System for Intensive Strawberry Crop Production
Authors: Karakoudas Nicholas G. , Wells Otho S. , Loy J. Brent , Lord William G.
Published: March 2024

The vertical growing system consists of columns of stacked, 8-inch square polystyrene pots. Each pot was rotated 45° from the pot below, leaving the four corners open for planting. The system was a 14' × 36' passive solar-heated greenhouse (high-tunnel), consisting of greenhouse plastic stretched over a metal frame. High-tunnels provide for earliness and high yields in strawberry production by capturing and storing early spring warmth. They also protect from wind, disease, and predation. The vertical growing system allows for maximum plant density by fully utilizing the area in the high tunnel. Each of four rows contained nine plant columns supported by metal rods. A total of 252 pots, of four plants each, were evenly distributed. The final planting density was 12.4 times greater than that of field-grown strawberries. Fertigation through drip emitters allowed conservative use of water and precise nutrient application in a recirculating system. Three-week-old plug plants were used in the fall planting for harvest in the following spring. Rotating column bases promoted even light distribution over the crop. A bumblebee colony ensured high pollination rates. The effectiveness of two insulating materials, Typar 518 and a 1/4” closed-cell polyethylene foam, were evaluated for overwintering and spring frost protection. Overwintering methods included wrapping plant columns, covering planted pots on the tunnel floor, and a late winter-early spring planting. Black vs. white pot color effect on plant growth was examined.
Germination Procedures and Successes of the Unique Blister Run West Virginia Population of Abies balsamea
Authors: McCarthy Carol L.
Published: March 2024

A local population of (Abies balsamea Mill.), referred to by growers as Canaan Fir, has become a popular variety for Christmas tree production. Germination procedures with varying stratification times are compared to X-ray and cut-test estimations of germination percentage. Recommendations for optimal stratification times are discussed.
Forecasting Scald Potential of Delicious Apples in New England
Authors: Weis Sarah A. , Bramlage William J.
Published: March 2024

Susceptibility to superficial scald on apples varies with season, orchard location, and time of harvest, and is related to seasonal weather variation. If scald potential could be forecast at the time of harvest, then appropriate antiscald treatment decisions could be made. This could result in 1) reduced use of scald inhibiting diphenylamine (DPA) dips, with their accompanying fungicides and 2) reduced loss of stored fruit due to scald. Analyses of scald-related data collected at the UMass Horticultural Research Center (HRC) from 1986 to 1993 have resulted in development of equations relating scald development to harvest date, number of preharvest days in which the temperature fell below 10 °C, and harvest starch score. Equations to identify lots of fruit which were particularly scald susceptible or particularly scald resistant were also developed. These equations were tested in 1995 and 1996 on 'Delicious' apples harvested from orchards throughout New England and stored at the HRC. About 80% of the 182 lots of fruit were placed in the correct susceptibility category. DPA treatments were applied to the Massachusetts fruit in both years, and forecasts were almost 100% effective for determining the appropriate concentration of DPA needed to control scald. Effects of controlled atmosphere (CA) storage on scald development, scald forecasting, and necessary scald control measures will vary according to the atmosphere, but initial data show forecasting trends to be about the same for CA as for air-stored fruit.
Nitrogen Fertilization of Florida-grown Tomato Transplants: Seasonal Variation in Greenhouse and Field Performance
Authors: Vavrina C.S. , Hochmuth G.J. , Cornell J.A. , Olson S.M.
Published: March 2024

Fall-grown tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) transplants were larger than spring-grown transplants when fertilized in the greenhouse with NH3NO3 at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, or 75 mg·L-1 N in a standard 1/4 strength Hoagland's solution. All transplant growth characteristics measured (stem length, leaf area and number, root and shoot dry mass) increased linearly with increasing N in both seasons. However, in the fall, when greenhouse temperatures and light levels were higher, stem length, leaf area, root: shoot ratio, and the ratio of shoot dry weight: leaf area responded quadratically. In the spring, total fruit yield and production of extra-large fruit increased with increasing transplant N fertilization, but the opposite trend occurred in the fall. These differing seasonal responses suggest fundamental differences in tomato transplant growth that must be addressed by modifications in N fertilization between spring and fall.
Quality of `Ivanhoe' and `Bluecrop' Blueberry Fruit Transported by Air and Sea from Chile to North America
Authors: Beaudry Randolph M. , Moggia Claudia E. , Retamales Jorge B. , Hancock James F.
Published: March 2024

We assessed the influence of fruit maturity (percent blue coloration), shipping mode [plane (air) vs. boat (sea)], and storage method [refrigerated air (RA) vs. controlled-atmosphere (CA)] on highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) quality. Fruit picked when 60% blue had lower soluble solids (SS), higher titratable acidity (TA), and a lower SS: TA ratio than 100% blue fruit both before and after 15 days of storage at 2 °C. They were also firmer and had better internal condition. Fruit shipped by sea to North America had poorer internal condition, were less firm, had fewer sound fruit, and lost more water than those arriving by air and stored for the duration of the sea shipment. CA storage (2 kPa O2 and 8 kPa CO2, 0 °C, 21 days) of fruit shipped by air did not enhance fruit quality in comparison with RA storage (ambient O2 and CO2, 0 °C, 21 days) except by minimizing mass loss. After an additional holding period (20 °C, 3 days) to simulate nonrefrigerated retail conditions, CA-stored fruit had less decay than RA-stored fruit. Maintaining low temperature during the holding period after CA or RA storage was critical in preventing decay, especially for the `Ivanhoe', which was more susceptible to decay, softening, and internal breakdown than `Bluecrop' across all treatments.
Application of RAPDs to DNA Extracted from Apple Rootstocks
Authors: Autio Wesley R. , Schupp James R. , Ferree David C. , Glavin Richard , Mulcahy David L.
Published: March 2024

Samples of 15 different rootstocks from mature apple trees (Malus ×domestica Borkh.) with `Starkspur Supreme Delicious' as the scion were differentiated adequately using random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs). A procedure for extraction of DNA from root material is described. Patterns of DNA from leaf tissue of young trees of 10 of the rootstocks were compared with those from root tissue of mature trees grafted on the same rootstocks and at a different location to reaffirm identification of these rootstocks. Similar patterns were obtained for a) root vs. leaf tissue and b) tissue from two locations. Except for one apparent misidentification (within a single replication), patterns for root tissue of all rootstocks matched those of the corresponding leaf tissue.
Humate-based Biostimulants Affect Early Post-transplant Root Growth and Sapflow of Balled and Burlapped Red Maple
Authors: Kelting Matt , Harris J. Roger , Fanelli Jody , Appleton Bonnie
Published: March 2024

Application of biostimulants, humate-based products marketed as aids to plant establishment, may increase early post-transplant root growth and water uptake of landscape trees. We tested three distinct types of biostimulants on root growth and sapflow of balled and burlapped red maple (Acer rubrum L. `Franksred') trees. Treatments included: humate, 1) as a wettable powder formulation, applied as a soil drench; 2) as a liquid formulation to which various purported root growth—promoting additives had been added, also applied as a soil drench; 3) as a dry granular formulation, applied as a topdress; and 4) a nontreated control. Root growth was monitored through single-tree rhizotrons, and sap flow was measured with a heat balance sapflow system. Roots were first observed in the rhizotron windows 38 days after planting. No biostimulant-treated trees had more root length than nontreated controls, and the two soil drench treatments had the lowest root length throughout the 20 weeks of post-transplant observation. All biostimulants increased sapflow.
Nitrogen Concentration and Proportion of NH4+-N Affect Potato Cultivar Response in Solid and Liquid Media
Authors: Avila A. de L. , Pereyra S.M. , Argüello J.A.
Published: March 2024

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivar performance in relation to the proportions of N supplied by and N concentrations was studied in solid and liquid culture media. Ammonium ion was supplied as 0%, 30%, 50%, or 100% of the total N for `Spunta', `Kennebec', and `Huinkul', and two N concentrations (30 and 60 mm) for the `Spunta'. The cultivars differed in sensitivity to the : , ratio, `Spunta' showing the most and `Huinkul' the least sensitivity. Decreasing the ratio in the medium increased carbon use, as reflected by dry matter accumulation. When the concentration of N used in Murashige and Skoog medium was reduced by half, shoot length, number of nodes, and dry mass were improved in `Spunta', in both solid and liquid media, due to an enhancement of carbon use.
The Effect of Ewom on Brand Image and Purchase Intention in the Astro E-grocery Application
Authors: Prahasti Gyan , Lewi Agustina , Bharwani Kenchen Arjandas
Published: March 2024

Electronic Word of Mouth (eWOM) can be used as a marketing method by companies in developing strategic brands. eWOM communication may have a strong influence on brand image and purchase intention. The rapid growth of social media provides a positive opportunity for companies to approach consumers through eWOM strategies. One of element that influences a person when shopping for daily necessities online or wholesale/e-grocery is e-wom. This paper aims to develop a conceptual framework that provides practical and theoretical insights into e-grocery consumers' use of social media as a promotional tool for electronic word of mouth (eWOM) and its impact on brand image (BI) and purchase intention (PI). Using a quantitative survey method with 26 questions, the questionnaire was distributed via Google Forms to 158 respondents selected based on followers and owners of Astro e-grocery mobile apps located in the Jakarta area and its surroundings using path analysis techniques in Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The finding is that E-WOM significantly affects Purchase Interest with Brand Image as an intervening variable. The results of this research can be applied practically to help company marketing departments and advertising agencies present information according to consumer characteristics to influence purchasing intentions. Theoretical implications can also help further research in analyzing the factors influenced by EWOM.
Cheese-Making Regions: From Local Cheese Varieties to Regional Brands
Authors: Suray Natalya , Tatochenko Alexander , Terekhova Anna , Mikhalev Alexey , Korneva Galina
Published: March 2024

The article describes the relevant issues of cheese production and the current cheese consumption patterns in the Russian Federation. The authors identified the cheese varieties preferred by the global consumer and analyzed their demand on the domestic market. Under the current economic sanctions, Russia can satisfy its needs for foreign cheeses by importing them from Belarus. However, some Russian regions produce analogues of popular foreign cheeses. The article introduces domestic cheese-making leaders with their general and per capita production, assortment policies, etc. The authors identified local cheese brands with excellent prospects for shaping the regional image and promoting local food products. For instance, the Altai Region and the Republic of Adygea produce high-quality cheeses with good domestic and global competitive potential.
The main technological properties of rennet substitutes
Authors: Grishkova Anastasiya , Belov Aleksandr , Prosekov Alexander , Mironova Anna
Published: March 2024

The quality of the finished cheese depends on the process of obtaining a milk clot under the action of a milk-converting enzyme. Most types of cheeses can be produced using the full range of dairy coagulants available on the market. However, without taking into account their technological features, enterprises save pennies on the cost of enzymes and lose rubles on the quality of products. The main technological characteristics of rennet enzyme substitutes (proteolytic activity, sensitivity to Ca2+ ions, pH, temperature stability), important for regulating the coagulation process during cheese production, are investigated. Practical recommendations on the use of milk-clotting enzyme preparations are given.
Justification for the Strategic Entrepreneurship Necessity in the Hockey Industry
Authors: Balandin Ivan
Published: March 2024

Strategic entrepreneurship is a relatively new type of entrepreneurial activity that aims to improve various aspects of the country’s socio-economic development, increase national wealth, ensure the national security of the economy in conditions of uncertainty and international pressure. The sports industry belongs to the complex objects of general welfare, since some of its aspects face a number of serious problems and crisis phenomena. Hockey requires significant investments from those who are engaged in it due to low level of state funding. Strategic entrepreneurship can improve all aspects of the hockey industry development, but it requires complex theoretical and applied measures. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the need to introduce strategic entrepreneurship into the hockey industry. The main objective is to systematize approaches to the development of strategic entrepreneurship and to substantiate its significance for the hockey development. The study uses general scientific methods, such as collection, processing and generalization of information, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction. The main results of the study are theoretical. The author proposes recommendations that justify the need to implement strategic entrepreneurship in the sports industry as a whole, as well as in the hockey industry in particular.
Development of Media Holding in the Context of the Dual Media Services Market Formation
Authors: Gorelkina Anastasiya
Published: March 2024

The study of the national media market is particularly relevant because it is heavily influenced by political, information and production risks. Accumulating significant material, labor and information resources, the media market requires an analysis of the current state, trends and development prospects. The scientific works present the media business theory and its key concepts as well as, a new scientific direction media economics that studies economic laws in relation to the media business. However, there is still no single methodology for assessing the state of the media market, including regional. The markets of individual segments are mainly analyzed, for example, the television industry, online advertising, etc. In 2023 the national media market experienced an upsurge after the crisis of 2022, primarily due to the advertising market; it was influenced by such factors as the development of e-commerce, the emergence of new brands and promotion channels, digitalization, convergence and diversification. In addition to macroeconomic factors, the development of the regional media market is also influenced by regional factors due to the socio-economic development of the region. The analysis of the main socio-economic development trends of the Kemerovo region – Kuzbass uncovered the factors influencing the media market: demographic factor, agglomeration effect (North and South Kuzbass agglomerations), industrial production and its location income of the population. The analysis of the regional media market made it possible to assess organizations working in the field of information and communications, to draw conclusions about the predominant development of the advertising market, including outdoor advertising, and to determine the distribution of radio and the place of the Kuzbass Media Group in the market.
Tecendo redes participativas a partir de uma pesquisa-ação com povos indígenas e quilombolas no Ceará
Authors: Moura Junior James Ferreira , Silva Antonio Carlos da
Published: March 2024

As dinâmicas metodológicas empregadas pelas Ciências Sociais trazem consigo especificidades próprias, e o contexto da Sociologia, dispõe de múltiplas possibilidades de atuação e de realização de investigações sociais. Contudo, a matriz eurocêntrica ainda segue sendo disseminada predominante nos cursos de graduação e pós-graduação da área, bem como em seus referenciais teóricos. Deste modo, o presente trabalho visa realizar um relato de experiência acerca das principais contribuições da utilização das metodologias de pesquisa-ação participante, bem como retratar o contexto da condução da pesquisa “Detecção de agravos e fatores de proteção em saúde mental de populações indígenas e quilombolas do Ceará”. Para tanto, utiliza-se uma descrição das fases da condução da pesquisa e seus respectivos desdobramentos em correlação ao diálogo teórico sobre os caminhos metodológicos percorridos. A partir das reflexões realizadas, pode-se constatar que a pesquisa-ação participante propicia um aprimoramento do método sociológico, permitindo assim alcançar formas inovadoras de se fazer pesquisa. Conclui-se que, essas abordagens ampliam o horizonte de perspectivas da Sociologia ao se (re)pensar uma nova práxis para a realização de investigações sociais.
Evolving Advances in the Applications of Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) for Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
Authors: Patil Sarika J. , Thorat Vandana M. , Koparde Akshada A. , Bhosale Rohit R. , Chavan Dhanashri D. , Tiwari Devkumar D.
Published: March 2024

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic condition causing joint pain and inflammation that
has now spurred the interest in nanotechnology-based drug delivery for more effective treatment, and
in this regard, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are being explored for their potential to deliver the drugs
steadily to manage the RA. Many investigators have been investigating both single-walled carbon
nanotubes (SWCNT) as well as multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) for managing arthritis via
targeted drug delivery. Moreover, functionalized CNTs show promise in delivering the drugs precisely
and in a controlled manner, thereby minimizing toxicity. However, research on applications of
CNTs as drug carriers for RA remains limited, thus necessitating further exploration to address the
various challenges. In this present piece of writing, challenges in RA treatment and the advances in
applications of CNTs for RA management are reported, consequently reflecting the CNTs as advanced
drug delivery vehicles for arthritis treatment.
Cadena de la mora : anexo 5
Authors: González Cerón Sandra Paola , Escobar Torres Carlos Humberto , Betancourt Vásquez Mónica
Published: March 2024

El presente capítulo da a conocer información básica de la cadena de la mora, sus vínculos con la orientación de la ciencia, la tecnología y la innovación y las demandas del sector, para superar problemas productivos, mejorar la sostenibilidad, potenciar su comercialización y focalizar la inversión pública
Cadena de caducifolios : anexo 5
Authors: Osorio Jairo Antonio , Villamizar Valencia Cristhian Jair , Castillo Galindo Nicolle Tatiana
Published: March 2024

El presente capítulo presenta información básica de los caducifolios, su comercialización, manejo a nivel mundial y sostenibilidad, con el fin de focalizar la inversión pública
Hemorrhagic transformation of cerebral infarction: risk factors, diagnosis, and new approaches to treatment
Authors: Kulmatytskyi A.V. , Bilobryn M.S. , Makarovska M.B.
Published: March 2024

Background. Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) is a frequent complication of acute cerebral infarction, which is unfavo­rable for the treatment and prognosis of patients. It can be divided into two main subtypes, hemorrhagic infarction, and parenchymal hematoma, depending on the type of hemorrhage. Although the pathophysiological mechanism of HT is still unclear, hypotheses have been proposed about the loss of microvascular integrity and impaired neurovascular homeostasis. The purpose of the study was to analyze the current scientific literature on risk factors, diagnosis, and new approaches to the treatment of hemorrhagic transformation of cerebral infarction. Materials and methods. A literature search using keywords was conducted in Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Elsevier databases. Results. Ischemic tissues have a natural tendency to bleed. In addition, the first trials of recanalization using intravenous thrombolysis showed an increase in the incidence of mild to severe intracranial hemorrhages. Symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage is closely associated with poor outcomes and is an important factor in recanalization decisions. The development of HT after stroke involves numerous interrelated pathological processes from peripheral blood cells to neurovascular units such as hyperactive ischemic cascades with increased levels of matrix metalloproteinases, excessive reactive oxygen species, coagulopathy, blood-brain barrier breakdown, and reperfusion injury. A number of risk factors or prognostic factors for HT after cerebral infarction have been identified, namely the use of antiplatelet agents or anticoagulants, infarct size, atrial fibrillation, hypertension, age, gender, heart failure, coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, lipid profile, reperfusion therapy, and white matter hyperintensity load. The incidence of HT is reported mainly in clinical studies using brain imaging techniques such as computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion weighted imaging, and perfusion weighted imaging. Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator therapy and mechanical thrombectomy are currently the main treatments for ischemic stroke, but reperfusion injury due to revascula­rization increases the risk of cerebral hemorrhage. Understanding the risk factors and in-depth evaluation of predictors can significantly help physicians develop strategies to reduce the occurrence of HT, as well as provide insight into the pathophysiological mechanism of the disease. Conclusions. Patients at risk of hemorrhagic transformation require invasive and non-invasive neuromonitoring to help make decisions in decompressive neurosurgery for large cerebellar infarction, specific cardiorespiratory treatment, nutrition, blood pressure control, biochemical parameters, and the choice of an individual management strategy.
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF SEVOFLURANE AND ISOFLURANE IN FAST TRACK ANAESTHESIA FOR VALVULAR CARDIAC SURGERY: A RANDOMIZED STUDY
Authors: MEENA DEEPAK KUMAR , CHARAN PRADEEP , SHARMA ASHA
Published: March 2024

Objective: Contemporary valvular cardiac surgery has evolved with the adoption of expedited postoperative recovery, known as fast-tracking. This paradigm shift results from advancements in anaesthetic agents, surgical techniques, and myocardial protection strategies. Fast-track anaesthesia aims to reduce intensive care unit (ICU) stays and overall hospital length of stay (LOS), optimizing resource utilization. Cardioprotective properties of volatile anaesthetic agents, especially in mitigating ischemic myocardial damage, have garnered attention.

Methods: A hospital-based, randomized, comparative study was conducted at the Department of Anaesthesiology, S. M. S Medical College, Jaipur. 70 undergoing valvular heart surgery under general anaesthesia, were randomly assigned to two groups: Group A (Sevoflurane) and Group B (Isoflurane). Inclusion criteria encompassed ASA grade II to IV patients aged 20 to 50 y, with a body weight of 30-65 kg, and willingness to provide written consent. Anaesthesia induction and maintenance involved the administration of Sevoflurane or Isoflurane based on group allocation. Hemodynamic parameters were recorded at various surgical stages.

Results: Heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and cardiac output were statistically insignificant between groups at different surgical stages (p>0.05). Intraoperative variables demonstrated no significant differences, except for a transient decrease in systolic blood pressure post-induction in both groups.

Conclusion: The study underscores the comparable efficacy of Sevoflurane and Isoflurane in valvular cardiac surgery, supported by similar hemodynamic profiles. Understanding the nuances of volatile anaesthetic agents is crucial for their optimal clinical application, considering challenges like beta-blocker usage and perioperative hyperglycemia.