bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation and characterization of mixed SnO2:CdO thin films as gas sensor
Authors: Suhail Mahdi Hasan
Published: August 2020

In this study, tin oxide (SnO2) and mixed with cadmium oxide (CdO) with concentration ratio of (5, 10, 15, 20)% films were deposited by spray pyrolysis technique onto glass substrates at 300ºC temperature. The structure of the SnO2:CdO mixed films have polycrystalline structure with (110) and (101) preferential orientations. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) show the films are displayed granular structure. It was found that the grain size increases with increasing of mixed concentration ratio. The transmittance in visible and NIR region was estimated for SnO2:CdO mixed films. Direct optical band gap was estimated for SnO2 and SnO2 mixed CdO and show a decrease in the energy gap with increasing mixing ratio. From Hall measurement, it was found that all the films prepared possess n-type carriers of the charge. The maximum sensitivity of SnO2:CdO mixed films toward NO2 gas was achieved at (10) mixed concentration ratio of CdO at the optimal operating temperature 200°C and maximum sensitivity is equal to (101.75%) with response time (14.6 s) and recovery time (57.0 s).
The structure and optical properties of organic semiconductor bulk hetrojunction blend (NiPcTs/Alq3) thin films
Authors: Kadhum Atyaf H.
Published: August 2020

The effect of heat treatment on the optical properties of the bulk heterojunction blend nickel (II) phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt and Tris (8-hydroxyquinolinato) Aluminum (NiPcTs/Alq3) thin films which prepared by spin coating was described in this study. The films coated on a glass substrate with speed of 1500 rpm for 1.5 min and treated with different annealing temperature (373, 423 and 473) K. The samples characterized using UV-Vis, X ray diffraction and Fourier transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra, XRD patterns indicated the presence of amorphous and polycrystalline blend (NiPcTs/Alq3). The results of UV visible shows that the band gap increase with increasing the annealing temperature up to 373 K and decreases with increase the annealing temperature to (423, 473)K respectively.
First principles calculations of Al AsxP1-x ternary nanocrystal alloying composition
Authors: Hussein Mohammed T.
Published: August 2020

III-V zinc-blende AlP, AlAs semiconductors and their alloy Aluminum Arsenide phosphide Al AsxP1-x ternary nanocrystals have been investigated using Ab- initio density functional theory (Ab-initio-DFT) at the generalized-gradient approximation (GGA) level with STO-3G basis set coupled with large unit cell method (LUC). The dimension of crystal is found around (1.56 – 2.24) nm at a function of increasing the sizes (8, 16, 54, 64) with different concentration of arsenide (x=0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1) respectively. Gaussian 03 code program has been used throughout this study to calculate some of the physical properties such as the electronic properties energy gap, lattice constant, valence and conduction band as well as density of state. Results show that the lattice constant increases with the increasing in the arsenide concentration in the alloy. The total energy, cohesive energy, electron affinity and ionization potential as well as ionicity for these concentrations have been reported.
X- ray diffraction and dielectric properties of PbSe thin films
Authors: Hasan Bushra A.
Published: August 2020

Lead selenide PbSe thin films of different thicknesses (300, 500, and 700 nm) were deposited under vacuum using thermal evaporation method on glass substrates. X-ray diffraction measurements showed that increasing of thickness lead to well crystallize the prepared samples, such that the crystallite size increases while the dislocation density decreases with thickness increasing. A.C conductivity, dielectric constants, and loss tangent are studied as function to thickness, frequency (10kHz-10MHz) and temperatures (293K-493K). The conductivity measurements confirm confirmed that hopping is the mechanism responsible for the conduction process. Increasing of thickness decreases the thermal activation energy estimated from Arhinus equation is found to decrease with thickness increasing. The increase of thickness lead to reduce the polarizability α while the increasing of temperature lead to increase α.
The effect of current density on the structures and photoluminescence of n-type porous silicon
Authors: Ibrahim Isam M.
Published: August 2020

Porous silicon (PS) layers were formed on n-type silicon (Si) wafers using Photo- electrochemical Etching technique (PEC) was used to produce porous silicon for n-type with orientation of (111). The effects of current density were investigated at: (10, 20, 30, 40, and50) mA/cm2 with etching time: 10min. X-ray diffraction studies showed distinct variations between the fresh silicon surface and the synthesized porous silicon. The maximum crystal size of Porous Silicon is (33.9nm) and minimum is (2.6nm) The Atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) were used to study the morphology of porous silicon layer. AFM results showed that root mean square (RMS) of roughness and the grain size of porous silicon decreased as etching current density increased and FESEM showed that a homogeneous pattern and confirms the formation of uniform porous silicon. The chemical bonding and structure were investigated by using Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The band gap of the samples obtained from photoluminescence (PL). These results showed that the band gap of porous silicon increase with increasing porosity.
Estimation the blast wave pressure effecters by apply Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques
Authors: Mashee Fouad K.
Published: August 2020

After the year 2003 terrorist attacks knock Baghdad city capital of Iraq using bomb explosion various, shook the nation, and made public resident of Baghdad aware of the need for better ways to protect occupants, assets, and buildings cause the terrorist gangs adopt style burst of blast to injury vulnerability a wider range form, and many structures will suffer damage from air blast when the overpressure concomitant the blast wave, (i.e., the excess over the atmospheric pressure 14.7 pounds per square inch at standard sea level conditions are about one-half pound per square inch or more(to attainment injury. Then, the distance to which this overpressure level will extend depends primarily on the energy yield (§1.20) of the burst of blast. Accordingly, must been have adopted a changing philosophy to provide appropriate and effective protection for preservation of psyche and building occupants, by establishment of a protected perimeter and the design of a debris mitigating facade, the isolation of internal explosive threats that may to dodge detection through the screening stations or may enter the public spaces prior to screening and the protection of the emergency evacuation, rescue and recovery systems. By reason of this above-mentioned, the study simple contribution of determined phenomena risk containment. Moreover, in this study may be applied remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) techniques to estimation the blast wave overpressure of bomb explosive effecters for damage that building of materials (i.e., facade, building glass, secondary of roof, fashioning tools and furniture), and how avoid this problem, therefore, selection justice ministry of Iraq building in Salehyiea region at Baghdad city, it destroyed at 28/10/2009 by motocar bombs explosion.
Synthesis and electrical properties of conductive polyaniline/ SWCNT nanocomposites
Authors: Abdulla Estabraq T.
Published: August 2020

The synthesis of conducting polyaniline (PANI) nanocomposites containing various concentrations of functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (f-SWCNT) were synthesized by in situ polymerization of aniline monomer. The morphological and electrical properties of pure PANI and PANI/SWCNT nanocomposites were examined by using Fourier transform- infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) respectively. The FTIR shows the aniline monomers were polymerized on the surface of SWCNTs, depending on the -* electron interaction between aniline monomers and SWCNTs. AFM analysis showed increasing in the roughness with increasing SWCNT content. The AC, DC electrical conductivities of pure PANI and PANI/SWCNT nanocomposite have been measured in frequency range (50Hz - 600KHz) and in the temperature range from (30 to 160K). The results show the electrical conductivity of the nanocomposite is higher than pure PANI.
Effect of TiO2 on the sintering behavior and microstructure of stoichiometric spinel (MgAl2O4)
Authors: Hassen Baker F.
Published: August 2020

In this work, magnesium aluminate spinel (MA) (MgO 28 wt%, Al2O3 72 wt%) stoichiometric compound , were synthesized via solid state reaction (SSR) Single firing stage, and the impact of sintering on the physical properties and thermal properties as well as the fine structure and morphology of the ceramic product were examined. The Spinel samples were pressed at of (14 MPa) and sintering soaking time (2h). The effect of adding oxide titania (TiO2) was studied. The obtained powders were calcined at a temperature range of 1200 and 1400 °C. The calcined samples spinel were characterized by XRD, it showed the presence of developed spinel phase end also showed that the best catalyst is titania. The SEM image showed the high sintering temperature increased the regularity of the grain growth, as well as minutes from the acquisition of the spherical shape of the minutes spinel.
Study of alumina prepared from Iraqi kaolin
Authors: Oudah Al-Sumaidaie Dhuha M.
Published: August 2020

The current research was conducted to report the synthesis of alumina powder from Iraqi kaolin. The kaolin was transformed to metakaolin by calcinations at temperature 800 °C for three hours. Then the calcined kaolin was treated with (1.5 M) from H2SO4 for 6 hours to form Al2(SO4)3.12H2O solution. The precipitate was dried at 80oC for 10 hours and calcinations at different temperatures for two hours. The samples which result was characterized by X–Ray diffraction (XRD) and X–Ray fluorescence (XRF). The results indicate to the crystalline hydrate aluminum sulfate for the sample that be as – synthesis and when calcinations at 600 oC transformed into aluminum sulfate phase. The phases of alumina which we obtain consisted of a gamma alumina phase which getting at calcinations 1000 oC and an alpha alumina phase at calcinations 1300 oC.The optimum conditions for preparation alumina from Iraqi kaolin is at reaction time 6 hours, particle size 75μm and concentration acid is (1.5 M) where was the highest percentage of extraction alumina is 98.8%. The effect of calcinations temperature on the rate of extracted alumina was studying in this research and found that the alumina ratio was extracted increasing with increase the calcinations temperature.
Sensitivity of Ce doped CuO for NO2 gas
Authors: Ibrahim Isam M.
Published: August 2020

In this work the structural, optical and sensitive properties of Cerium - Copper oxide thin film prepared on silicon and glass substrate by the spray pyrolysis technique at a temperature of (200, 250, 300 °C). The results of (XRD) showed that all the prepared films were of a polycrystalline installation and monoclinic crystal structure with a preferable directions was (111) of CuO. Optical characteristics observed that the absorption coefficient has values for all the prepared CuO: Ce% (104 cm-1) in the visible spectrum, indicating that all the thin films prepared have a direct energy gap. Been fabrication of gas sensors of (CuO: Ce %) within optimum preparation conditions and study sensitivity properties were examined her exposed to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) with concentration ratio of 3 %, at operating temperatures (R.T, 200 and 300 °C). It is found that the maximum sensitivity at concentration value (Ce=50 %) which it is equal to (39.15 %) at operating temperature (300 °C).
Nanosecond laser pulses for aluminum and copper drilling
Authors: Hamoudi Walid K.
Published: August 2020

Nd:YAG laser pulses of 9 nanosecond pulse duration and operating wavelength at 1.06 μm, were utilized to drill high thermal conductivity and high reflectivity aluminum and copper foils. The results showed a dependence of drilled holes characteristics on laser power density and the number of laser pulses used. Drilled depth of 74 ϻm was obtained in aluminum at 11.036×108 W/cm2 of laser power density. Due to its higher melting point, copper required higher laser power density and/or larger number of laser pulses to melt, and a maximum depth of 25 μm was reached at 13.46×108 W/cm2 using single laser pulse.
D.C conductivity of In2O3: SnO2 thin films and manufacturing of gas sensor
Authors: Hasan Bushra A.
Published: August 2020

Compounds were prepared from In2O3 doped SnO2 with different doping ratio by mixing and sintering at 1000oC. Pulsed Laser Deposition PLD was used to deposit thin films of different doping ratio In2O3: SnO2 (0, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 % wt.) on glass and p-type wafer Si(111) substrates at ambient temperature under vacuum of 10-3 bar thickness of ~100nm. X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy were used to examine the structural type, grain size and morphology of the prepared thin films. The results show the structures of thin films was also polycrystalline, and the predominate peaks are identical with standard cards ITO. On the other side the prepared thin films declared a reduction of degree of crystallinity with the increase of doping ratio. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) measurements show the average grain size exhibit to change in non-systematic manner with the increase of doping ratio with tin oxide. The average grain size increases at doping ratios 1, 5 and 7 % from 52.48 to 79.12, 87.57, and 105.59 nm respectively and decreases at residual doping ratio. The average surface roughness increases from 0.458 to 26.8 nm with the increase of doping ratio. The gas sensing measurements of In2O3:SnO2 thin films prepared on p-Si to NO2 gas showed good sensitivity and Maximum sensitivity (50) obtained for In2O3:SnO2 prepared on p-Si at operating temperature 573 K and doping ratio 7 % and 9 %. Maximum speed of response time (8 sec) at operating temperature 573 K and doping ratio 1 %.
Electrical glow discharges and plasma parameter of planar sputtering system for silver target
Authors: Hasan Mazin H.
Published: August 2020

DC planar sputtering system is characterized by varying discharge potential of (250-2000 volt) and Argon gas pressures of (3.5×10-2 – 1.5) mbar. The breakdown voltage for silver electrode was studied with a uniform electric field at different discharge distances, as well as plasma parameters. The breakdown voltage is a product of the Argon gas pressure inside the chamber and gab distance between the electrodes, represent as Paschen curve. The Current-voltage characteristics curves indicate that the electrical discharge plasma is working in the abnormal glow region. Plasma parameters were found from the current-voltage characteristics of a single probe positioned at the inter-cathode space. Typical values of the electron temperature and the electron density are in the range of (2.93 –5.3) eV and (10-16 -10-17) m-3 respectively.
Synthesis and characterization of ligands derived 2-hydroxy-1- naphthaldehyde and their complexes with divalent metal ions (Mn+2, Fe+2, Ni +2)
Authors: Hamad Al-Dabbagh Shahinaz A.
Published: August 2020

In this work, Schiff base ligands L1: N, N-bis (2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde) hydrazine, L2: N, N-bis (salicylidene) hydrazine, and L3:N –salicylidene- hydrazine were synthesized by condensation reaction. The prepared ligands were reacted with specific divalent metal ions such as (Mn2+, Fe2+, Ni2+) to prepare their complexes. The ligands and complexes were characterized by C.H.N, FT-IR, UV-Vis, solubility, melting point and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The results show that the ligands of complexes (Mn2+, Fe2+) have octahedral geometry while the ligands of complexes (Ni2+) have tetrahedral geometry.
The effects of silica addition on the structural, electrical and mechanical characteristics of MgAl2O4 spinel ceramic phase
Authors: Mohammed Nadher I.
Published: August 2020

The ceramic compound Mg1-xSixAl2O4 (x= 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) was prepared from nano powder of Al2O3 and MgO doped with Nano powder of SiO2 at different molar ratios. The specimens were prepared by standard chemical solid reaction technique and sintered at 1450 oC. Structure of the specimens was analyzed by using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The X-ray patterns of the specimens showed the formation of pure simple cubic spinel structure MgAl2O4 phase with space group of ̅ . The average grain size and surface topology were studied by atomic force microscopy. The results showed that the average grain size was about 73-90 nm. The DC electrical properties of the specimen were measured. The apparent density was found to increase and the porosity and water absorption were found to decrease with increase of Si addition. Mechanical properties were characterized by Vicker’s micro hardness and Brazilian fracture test to measure the fracture toughness of the samples. The micro hardness decreased with Si addition increase. Fracture toughness increased with the increase in Si addition.
Preparation and study the structure of pure and impure barium titanate with Mg2+ ion
Authors: Hekmt Wasan Abd Alsatar
Published: August 2020

Pure and doped barium titanate with Mg2+ ion at two molar ratios x= (5%, 10%) mol. has been synthesized by solid state reaction technique. The powders sintered at two temperatures (1000 °C and 1400 °C). An XRD technique was used in order to study the crystal structure of pure and doped barium titanate, which confirmed the formation of the tetragonal phase of BaTiO3, and then calculate the lattice parameters of pure and doped barium titanate, the addition of magnesium ion Mg2+ can lead to decreases lattice parameters.
N3, N749 dyes effect on the TiO2 for optoelectronic applications
Authors: Fraih Marwa R.
Published: August 2020

The present work aimed to study effect of (N749 & N3) dyes on TiO2 optical and electrical properties for optoelectronic application. The TiO2 paste prepared by using a doctor blade method. The samples were UV-VIS specterophometricall analyzes of TiO2 before and after immersed in dyes (N749 & N3). The results showed absorption spectra shift toward the visible region due to the adsorption of dye molecules on the surface of oxide nanoparticles. It is seen that the Eg determined to give a value of 3.3eV for TiO2 before immersing in dyes, and immersing in dyes (N749 & N3) are (1.4 &1.6 eV) respectively. The structural properties (XRD), (FTIR) and (SEM) for the sample prepared were investigated and (J-V) characteristics was studied, it was seen efficiency 3.8 % and 2.09 % for TiO2/N749, TiO2/N3, respectively.
Optical properties of ZnO/MgF2 bilayer thin films prepared by PVD technique
Authors: Muhi Malek A.H.
Published: August 2020

Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is considered as one of the best materials already used as a window layer in solar cells due to its antireflective capability. The ZnO/MgF2 bilayer thin film is more efficient as antireflective coating. In this work, ZnO and ZnO/MgF2 thin films were deposited on glass substrate using pulsed laser deposition and thermal evaporation deposition methods. The optical measurements indicated that ZnO thin layer has an energy gap of (3.02 eV) while ZnO/MgF2 bilayer gives rise to an increase in the energy gap. ZnO/MgF2 bilayer shows a high energy gap (3.77 eV) with low reflectance (1.1-10 %) and refractive index (1.9) leading to high transmittance, this bilayer could be a good candidate optical material to improve the performance of solar cell window.
The emission spectra and hydrodynamic properties of Al plasma using Nd-YAG laser
Authors: Mahmoad Mahmoad SH.
Published: August 2020

In this work, the emission spectra and atomic structure of the aluminum target had been studied theoretically using Cowan code. Cowan code was used to calculate the transitions of electrons between atomic configuration interactions using the mathematical method called (Hartree-Fock). The aluminum target can give a good emission spectrum in the XUV region at 10 nm with oscillator strength of 1.82.The hydrodynamic properties of laser produced plasma (LPP) were investigated for the purpose of creating a light source working in the EUV region. Such a light source is very important for lithography (semiconductor manufacturing). The improved MEDUSA (Med103) code can calculate the plasma hydrodynamic properties (velocity, electron density, pressure, electron temperature, ion density, ion temperature and average ionization Z*). Aluminum target was considered in these calculations (Z=13). This work was done by using three laser power densities (1011, 1012 and 1013 W/cm2) with a 10 ns pulse width and 10 ps pulse width for laser wavelength (1064 nm). These laser intensities with 10 ns pulse width give high ionization stage of the Aluminum from 2.4-11 for electron range from 16.5-3000 eV.
Influence of substrates on the properties of cerium -doped CdO nanocrystalline thin films
Authors: Mohammed Abubaker S.
Published: August 2020

Transparent thin films of CdO:Ce has been deposited on to glass and silicon substrates by spray pyrolysis technique for various concentrations of cerium (2, 4, and 6 Vol.%). CdO:Ce films were characterized using different techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy(AFM) and optical properties. XRD analysis show that CdO films exhibit cubic crystal structure with (1 1 1) preferred orientation and the intensity of the peak increases with increasing's of Ce contain when deposited films on glass substrate, while for silicon substrate, the intensity of peaks decreases, the results reveal that the grain size of the prepared thin film is approximately (73.75-109.88) nm various with increased of cerium content. With a surface roughness of (0.871–16.2) nm as well as root mean square of (1.06-19.7) nm for glass substrate, while for silicon (84.79-107.48) nm, for a pure CdO and doped with Ce (2, 4, and 6 Vol.%). The 300-nm-thin CdO films showed that the optical energy band gap equal 2.6 eV, and increases with increasing doping until reaches a maximum value of 3.25 eV when doping levels 6 Vol.%.
Determination of radioactive concentrations in Tigris river soil samples in Baghdad province
Authors: Jabil Riyad Faker
Published: August 2020

In this study, the amounts of activity concentrations of naturally occurring in 10 soil samples of the Tigris river and surrounding areas collected from deferent city of Baghdad have been investigated. Tigris river is an important water source for irrigation and drinking in Iraq. This study was done during 2018 in Protection Center of the Iraqi Ministry of Health and Environment using a high purity germanium detector. The resolution of (HPGe) at 2keV and 30% efficiency. The results of soil sample obtained showed that the effective activity concentration of 40K are ranged from 181.4 Bq/kg in sample S6 to 286.4 Bq/kg in S7. For Raeq values are ranged from 6 Bq/m3 in sample S5 to 17 Bq/m3 in sample S3. The obtained data revealed that the mean specific activity for 226Ra, 228Ac and 40k in these samples were less than World average. The artificial radionuclide represented by 137Cs was observed in some samples and vary from minimum value of detector ˂MDA to 7.5Bq/kg in sample S9 with an average value 3.842857 Bq/kg. Area around the site may attributed to the nuclear activities of this site or may be due to the nuclear accident (Chernobyl Catastrophe) which have been spread throughout a large area of the world including the samples locations were collecting.
A simple voice communication using the modulation of the reflected light
Authors: Mohammed Akram N.
Published: August 2020

There is no adopt in the importance of the optical communications in scientific civil and military applications because of it’s simplicity in manufacturing and it's low cost. The method of optical communication depends upon bearing the light beam the translated informations by a method called the light modulation. This method depends upon changing some light properties as frequency, amplitude and pulse duration according to the translating informations. The changes in the first two properties are concerned optically with the analog modulation while the third one concern at most with digital modulation. All past methods are expensive with low efficiency and needs electrical or magnetic fields. In this technique the source of voice used a source of emitting light at the same time. This was done by using a reflecting microphone to reflect the incident laser beam to the receiver which was an photocell which connected to an audio amplifier. The emitting voice was clear without any type of noise with very high efficiency.
Thermal conductivity and diffusion coefficient of polymer blend 80%EP/20%UPE reinforced with sand particles
Authors: Khalaf R. H.
Published: August 2020

New polymer blend with enhanced properties was prepared from (80 %) epoxy resin (Ep), (20%) unsaturated polyester resin (UPE) as a matrix material. The as-obtained polymer blend was further reinforced by adding Sand particles of particle size (53 μm) with various weight fraction (5, 10, 15, 20 %). Thermal conductivity and sorption measurements are performed in order to determine diffusion coefficient in different chemical solutions (NaOH, HCl) with concentration (0.3N) after immersion for specific period of time (30 days). The obtained results demonstrate that the addition of sand powder to (80%EP/20%UPE) blend leads to an increase of thermal conductivity, with an optimum/minimum diffusion coefficient in (HCl)/(NaOH), respectively.
Study the effect of sodium hydroxide solution on the thermal conductivity of nanocomposites
Authors: Hameed Ayad Qabash
Published: August 2020

In this research, hand lay- up technique is used to prepare samples from epoxy resin reinforced with multi- walled carbon nanotubes in different weight fractions (0, 2, 3, 4, 5) wt%. The immersion effect by sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH) at normality (0.3N) for a period of (15 days) on the thermal conductivity of nanocomposites was studied, and compared to natural condition (before immersion). The thermal conductivity of epoxy nanocomposites specimens were carried out using Lee’s disk method. The experimental results showed that thermal conductivity increased with increase weight fraction before and after immersion for all specimens, while the immersion effect leads to decrease thermal conductive values compared to thermal conductivity values in natural condition.
Annealing effect on the optical properties of organic semiconductor Alq3: C60 blend thin films
Authors: Noori Husham N. , Abbas Lamiaa K.
Published: August 2020

The effect of heat treatment using different annealing temperatures on optical properties of bulk heterojunction blend (BHJ) Alq3: C60 thin films which are fabricated by the spin coating technique were investigated in this study. The films have been coated on a glass substrate with speed of 2000 rpm for one min and treated with different annealing temperature (373, 423 and 473) K under vacuum. The optical properties and the chemical bonds structure of blends as-deposited and heat treated have been studied by UV-Vis spectroscopic and Fourier Transform-Infra Red (FTIR) measurements respectively. The results of UV visible show that the optical energy gap decreasing with increasing the annealing temperature for the ratio (100:1) while decreasing with increasing the annealing temperature for ratio (100:10). The FTIR spectra measurement were applied to know the type of the bonds of Alq3: C60 BHJ thin films.
Effect of the AgO content on the surface morphology and electrical properties of SnO2 thin films prepared by PLD technique
Authors: Mohammed Ali Asmaa N.
Published: August 2020

Tin dioxide doped silver oxide thin films with different x content (0, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07) have been prepared by pulse laser deposition technique (PLD) at room temperatures (RT). The effect of doping concentration on the structural and electrical properties of the films were studied. Atomic Force Measurement (AFM) measurements found that the average value of grain size for all films at RT decrease with increasing of AgO content. While an average roughness values increase with increasing x content. The electrical properties of these films were studied with different x content. The D.C conductivity for all films increases with increasing x content. Also, it found that activation energies decrease with increasing of AgO content for all films. Hall measurements confirmed that all the intrinsic films are n-type charge carriers. The variation of carriers concentration increase with increasing x content. Hall mobility decreasing with increasing x content for all films. Also the variation of Drift velocity, carrier life time and free mean path decrease with increasing of x content.
Behavior of Earth Magnetosphere Radius during Strong Geomagnetic Storms
Authors: Algbory Mais Mohammed , Rashed Najat mohammed
Published: August 2020

Magnetosphere is a region of space surrounding Earth magnetic field, the formation of magnetosphere depends on many parameters such as; surface magnetic field of the planet, an ionized plasma stream (solar wind) and the ionization of the planetary upper atmosphere (ionosphere). The main objective of this research is to find the behavior of Earth's magnetosphere radius (Rmp) with respect to the effect of solar wind kinetic energy density (Usw), Earth surface magnetic field (Bo), and the electron density (Ne) of Earth's ionosphere for three years 2016, 2017 and 2018. Also the study provides the effect of solar activity for the same period during strong geomagnetic storms on the behavior of Rmp. From results we found that there are nonlinear relations between the (Rmp) and the three variables (Usw), (Bo) and (Ne). Also we found that during the strong geomagnetic storms there is a reduction in the radius of magnetosphere.
THE DIFFERENCE IN THE CHARGE DENSITY DISTRIBUTION OF 90Zr and 92Mo NUCLEI FROM ELASTIC ELECTRON SCATTERING
Authors: Kadem Sinaa fahad , Al-Rahmani Altaf A.
Published: August 2020

The calculation. of the nuclear. charge. density. distributions. ρ(r) and root. mean. square. radius.( RMS ) by elastic. electron. scattering. of medium. mass. nuclei. such. as (90Zr, 92Mo) based. on the model. of the modified. shell. and the use of the probability. of occupation. on the surface. orbits. of level 2p, 2s eroding. shells. and 1g gaining. shells. The occupation probabilities of these states differ noticeably from the predictions of the SSM. We have found. an improvement. in the determination. of ground. charge. density. and this improvement. allow. more precise. identification. of (CDD) between. (92Mo- 90Zr) to illustrate the influence of the extra two protons on the charge. density. distributions and was agree. with those of experimental. data. and Hartree. – Fock. (H.F) wave. functions.
Effect of Laser Energy and Repetition Rate on Holmium Plasma Emission
Authors: Mahmoad Nipras nazeh , Mahmoad Mahmoad shakir
Published: August 2020

The holmium plasma induced by a 1064-nmQ-switched Nd:YAG laser in air was investigated. This work was done theoretically and experimentally.  Cowan code was used to get the emission spectra for different transition of the holmium target. In the experimental work, the evolution of the plasma was studied by acquiring spectral images at different laser pulse energies (600,650,700, 750, and 800 mJ). The repetition rates of (1Hz and 10Hz) in the UV region (200-400 nm). The results indicate that, the emission line intensities increase with increasing of the laser pulse energy and repetition rate. The strongest emission spectra appeared when the laser pulse energy is 800mJ and 10 Hz repetition rate at λ= 345.64nm, with the maximum intensity of 77000 counts.
Digester tipe Balon untuk Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Biogas di Peternakan Sei Temiang Batam
Authors: Fitriyah Qoriatul , Irawan Dedi , Eko Wahyudi Muhammad Prihadi
Published: August 2020

Peternakan sapi di Sei Temiang Batam menghasilkan kotoran sapi sebesar ±50 m3 per bulan. Selama ini sebagian dari kotoran tersebut diambil oleh warga untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku pupuk. Untuk menambah nilai jual limbah, tinja sapi juga bisa diolah menjadi sumber listrik alternatif sebelum dimanfaatkan ampasnya untuk rabuk organik. Penelitian ini menggunakan tipe balon sebagai digester pembangkit listrik biogas dengan alasan instalasinya sederhana, mudah dibongkar pasang dan harganya relatif murah. Prototype pembangkit ini menggunakan campuran kotoran sapi dan air dengan perbandingan 1:1. Gas sebesar 624 liter bisa dihasilkan dari satu drum plastik yang mampu untuk menyalakan listrik selama 35 menit dengan kapasitas daya sebesar 700 watt.
Robot Pengikut Posisi dengan Menggunakan Filter Warna HSV
Authors: Triatmojo Fitrah , Sugandi Budi
Published: August 2020

Kemajuan teknologi pengolahan citra digital banyak dimanfaatkan oleh manusia. Manfaat pengolahan citra di antaranya adalah untuk meningkatkan kualitas suatu citra, menghilangkan cacat pada citra dan mengidentifikasi objek. Dengan memanfaatkan teknologi tersebut, dapat dikembangkan suatu sistem yang dapat mendeteksi objek serta melakukan tracking. Pada Tugas akhir ini penulis akan membuat sebuah sistem untuk mendeteksi objek berwarna. Metode untuk mendeteksi warna penulis menggunakan filter  warna HSV, metode erosi, dilasi dan thresholding. Untuk membaca jarak robot terhadap objek, digunakan metode Regresi yang nantinya akan digunakan sebagai penggerak bagi aktuator motor dc. Hasil yang dicapai dalam penelitian ini adalah sistem dapat mendeteksi objek pada jarak 50-180 cm dan mengikutinya pada jarak 60-150 cm.
PENGARUH FREKUENSI PULSE PENGELASAN GTAW PADA ALUMINIUM ALLOY 6061
Authors: Wibowo Ari , Aryanto Nugroho Pratomo , Nugroho Cahyo Budi , Ismail Muhammad
Published: August 2020

Paper ini menggambarkan pengaruh pulse frequency terhadap sifat microhardness, porosity dan makrostructure pada pengelasan GTAW. Penelitian ini menggunakan aluminium 6061 sebagai base metal dan tanpa menggunakan filler metal. Pulse frequency divariasikan dari 0 Hz sampai 10 Hz. Hasil makrostruktur menunjukkan bahwa kedalaman penetrasi maksimum terjadi pada pulse frequency 6 Hz, sedangkan lebar penetrasi lasan maksimum terjadi saat tidak menggunakan pulse frequency. Pengujian kekerasan mikro menunjukkan bahwa terjadinya kekerasan maksimum pada pulse frequency 6 Hz sedangkan kekerasan paling rendah terjadi pada pulse frequency 10 Hz. Pengelasan AA 6061 tanpa filler ini menghasilkan porositas yang bisa berdampak pada kekerasan pada weld metal.
MODIFICATION OF TWO POLES SINGLE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR AS WIND PICO GENERATOR
Authors: Atabiq Fauzun , Budiana Budiana , Juwito Arif Febriansyah , Syahri Irfan , Saputra Ihsan
Published: August 2020

As an alternative energy, the potential of wind power in Indonesia is quite high. Some of the constraints of wind power include the presence of intermittent winds, the average wind speed in the Indonesian is relatively low, or only certain areas that have moderate to high wind speeds, so that winds that are not too tight can cause the turbines not spinning. This study is about modifying a two pole single phase induction motor as a wind pico generator. Modifications made to the squirrel cage rotor induction motor become two poles axial flux permanent magnet rotors. The test results show that a two pole pico generator is not suitable to be applied to wind power units. Electric power produced by high-speed prime mover, above 1000 rpm only 2.53 Watts. Whereas when it is operated at low speed, less than 200 rpm, the maximum output power power only 44 mW.
RECORD CENTER ARSIP SURAT KEPUTUSAN (SK) UNTUK UNIVERSITAS
Authors: Wisswani Ni Wayan , Catur Bawa I Gusti Ngurah Bagus , Winetra I Wayan Candra
Published: August 2020

Pengelolaan arsip bagi organisasi adalah sebuah kebutuhan. ANRI merekomendasikan pengelolaan arsip bukti otentik secara digital. Universitas sebagai salah satu organisasi juga memerlukan digitalisasi manajemen pengelolaan arsip. Khususnya arsip dokumen pengelolaan surat keputusan (SK) merupakan dokumen penting yang menyangkut riwayat kegiatan universitas. Digitalisasi pengelolaan arsip membantu mengatasi kelemahan pengelolaan arsip manual yang rentan rusak dan hilang serta biaya pengelolaan yang besar. Upaya digitalisasi dilakukan dengan mengembangkan aplikasi manajemen arsip berbasis komputer menggunakan PHP dan MYSQL. Aplikasi ini mengelola transaksi pengarsipan berkas SK universitas secara terpusat agar dapat menyimpan histori kegiatan untuk pengambilan keputusan dan sebagai media penyimpanan bersama.
DESAIN KONTROL KECEPATAN MOTOR INDUKSI TIGA FASA MENGGUNAKAN FUZZY PID BERBASIS IDIRECT FIELD ORIENTED CONTROL
Authors: Ridwan Ridwan , Purwanto Era , Oktavianto Hary , Rusli Muhammad Rizani , Toar Handri
Published: August 2020

Motor induksi tiga fasa (MITF) umumnya digunakan di berbagai aplikasi di industri  karena keandalannya, biaya rendah, kontruksi kokoh, perawatan rendah, dan effisiensi yang tinggi. Namun untuk mengontrol MITF tidak semudah seperti mengontrol motor DC, karena MITF merupakan motor yang tidak linear. Penggunaan metode indirect field oriented control (IFOC) dengan kontroler fuzzy proportional integrator and derivative (FPID) dipilih untuk dapat mengatur kecepatan MITF. Metode IFOC akan membuat MITF dapat dikontrol seperti motor DC penguat terpisah. Kontroler FPID yang di desain dengan mengganti kontroler PID konvensional. Performa kontroler FPID yang di desain dibandingkan dengan kontroler PID konvensional. Performa respon yang dibandingkan seperti rise time, settling time, overshoot, steady state error, dan undershoot. Hasil simulasi yang dibuat menunjukkan bahwa dengan menggunakan kontroler FPID lebih baik dibandingkan dengan kontroler PID. Dimana respon overshoot untuk kontroler FPID 0% sedangkan kontroler PID adalah 0.23%. Begitu pula dengan respon undershoot untuk kontrol FPID adalah 2.88% sedangkan kontroler PID adalah 6.78%. Untuk respon rise time, settling time, dan steady state error tidak jauh berbeda dari kedua kontroler. Sistem yang sudah di buat disimulasikan di platform LabView
MODEL TURBIN ANGIN AIRFOIL NACA 4418 TERHADAP VARIASI BUKAAN SUDUT SUDU PADA KECEPATAN ANGIN BERBEDA
Authors: Herlambang Yusuf Dewantoro , Prasetiyo Budhi , Supriyo Supriyo , Wahyono Wahyono , Mulud Teguh Harijono
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini mengkaji Turbin Angin Sumbu Vertikal (Vertical Axis Wind Turbine) Aerofoil NACA 4418 yang memiliki diameter rotor 560  mm, panjang sudu 800 mm, jumlah sudu 3 buah, serta bahan sudu terbuat dari fiberglass. Selanjutnya menganalis karakteristik turbin angin rotor vertikal 3-sudu tersebut pada kecepatan angin berbeda 5 m/s, 6 m/s, 7 m/s, 8 m/s, dan 9 m/s dengan 5 buah model turbin angin dengan bukaan sudut sudu (blade pitch angle) bervariasi yaitu 00, 100, 200, 300, dan 400. Hasil pengujian turbin angin diperoleh rasio kecepatan sudu (Tip Speed Ratio) yang optimum sebesar 1,7 pada sudut sudu 100 dengan putaran turbin 321 rpm dan kecepatan angin 5,42 m/s. Daya mekanik optimum yang diperoleh adalah 19,4 W pada bukaan sudut sudu sebesar 200 dengan putaran turbin 381 serta kecepatan angin 6,4 m/s. Turbin menghasilkan koesifien daya (Coefficient of Power) optimum yang dihasilkan sebesar 0,202 dengan bukaan sudut sudu sebesar 100 dan putaran turbin 198 rpm, dan daya mekanik yang dihasilkan 8,5 Watt pada variabel pengujian kecepatan sebesar 5,42 m/s.
ANALISA FLEKSIBILITAS SISTEM PERPIPAAN PADA FATTY ACID PLANT AKIBAT PERGESERAN POSISI EVAPORATOR
Authors: Husodo Adi Wirawan , Mahardhika Pekik , V.A. Viqqi Vadilla
Published: August 2020

Makalah ini mengkaji besarnya tegangan yang terjadi pada sistem perpipaan, beban pada nosel pompa dan tegangan lokal pada evaporator. Kajian bersifat statik tersebut dilakukan karena adanya kesalahan instalasi penempatan evaporator yang tidak sesuai perencanaan. Analisa tegangan yang dilakukan mencakup tegangan akibat beban sustain dan tegangan akibat beban ekspansi thermal. Analisa tegangan sistem perpipaan mengacu pada ketentuan ASME B31.3, analisa beban nosel pompa mengacu pada ketentuan API 610, dan analisa tegangan lokal pada evaporator mengacu pada ketentuan WRC 107. Dari hasil analisa tegangan diperoleh bahwa besarnya tegangan akibat beban sustain dan ekspansi thermal masih memenuhi kriteria tegangan ijin. Dari hasil analisa beban nosel pada pompa diketahui nilai yang melebihi ketentuan ijin, dan dari hasil analisa tegangan lokal diketahui besarnya tegangan lokal nosel evaporator masih memenuhi besarnya tegangan ijin. Sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa efek pergeseran posisi evaporator saat instalasi menyebabkan besarnya beban nosel pompa berlebih, namun dari sisi tegangan sistem perpipaan tidak megalami perubahan siknifikan.
SINTESA LAPISAN NIKEL (Ni) PADA PERMUKAAN BAJA DENGAN METODE ELEKTRODEPOSISI DENGAN PENAMBAHAN INHIBITOR EKSTRAK KULIT BUAH KAKAO (THEOBROMA CACAO)
Authors: Yetri Yuli , Mahaputri Silva Azaria , Dahlan Dahyunir
Published: August 2020

Telah dilakukan proses elektrodeposisi lapisan Ni diatas subtrat baja dengan menggunakan larutan 0,5 M NiSO4.6H2O, H3BO3 dengan penambahan inhibitor ekstrak kulit buah kakao. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan variasi tegangan elektrodeposisi 1, 2, 3 dan 4 V. Sementara variasi konsentrasi inhibitor ekstrak kulit buah kakao dilakukan  dengan variasi konsentrasi 1 % dan 2 %. Waktu elektrodeposisi dilakukan selama 25 menit untuk setiap sampelnya. Terdapat perbedaan morfologi pada baja sebelum dan setelah dielektrodeposisi.  Peningkatan tegangan maka hasil dari deposisi terlihat semakin tebal. Dengan melakukan variasi konsentrasi dan variasi tegangan elektrodeposisi, didapatkan konsentrasi yang baik yaitu dengan konsentrasi 1% dengan tegangan 3 Volt. Penambahan inhibitor ekstrak kulit buah kakao membuat morfologi permukaan baja menjadi lebih halus dan lebih merata.
Narrativas autobiográficas e sua presença em periódicos A1
Authors: Romero Tania , Garcia Sarah Silva
Published: August 2020

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo discutir o papel de narrativas autobiográficas para a formação docente e investigar como os periódicos A1 de educação têm tematizado esse recurso. Para isso, a título e contextualização, primeiramente retomamos a história da formação docente e discorremos sobre a formação docente crítico-reflexiva, com base em autores relevantes da área. Em seguida, abordamos a contribuição das narrativas autobiográficas para a formação docente, numa perspectiva em que as narrativas auxiliam como método de pesquisa para rever os caminhos e descaminhos e atribuir significados, além de serem fundamentais para a formação e (auto)formação do professor, pois possibilitam o deslocamento entre passado, presente e futuro e, por isso, é um suporte importante para o conhecimento e o reconhecimento (SOUZA, 2013). Por último, adotando metodologia bibliográfica, identificamos artigos publicados em revistas A1 de educação que tematizam as narrativas autobiográficas para a formação docente. Apesar de termos encontrado poucos artigos em um espaço de seis anos, as publicações ratificam a relevância da narrativa (auto)biográfica para o desenvolvimento crítico do docente.
Relação entre ensino e literatura: um olhar para a dimensão da ação e atuação docente
Authors: De Oliveira Rita Cássia , Magalhães Naves Ludmila , Vieira Goulart Ilsa do Carmo
Published: August 2020

Pautado na dimensão enunciativa-discursiva da linguagem, o presente texto considera as palavras escritas como forma de expressividade e interlocução entre leitor e texto. O letramento literário é visto como prática de apropriação da literatura enquanto linguagem, de produção de sentidos, de vivência literária, sem restringir-se ao período escolar, o que ocorre em diferentes instâncias sociais. Entretanto, a escola se mostra um espaço de gerenciamento de ações leitoras, o que permite experiências significativas com a literatura. Diante disso, tem-se por finalidade refletir sobre a relação entre ensino e literatura, por meio de um relato de experiência de ações e práticas que envolvem a leitura literária, realizadas no contexto de sala de aula. A partir da descrição do relato de experiências, desenvolvidas por uma professora do 2º ano do Ensino Fundamental, com as crianças em processo de alfabetização, apresenta-se uma análise reflexiva das ações de leitura literária, subsidiada pelas proposições de Cosson (2014; 2016), em interlocução com autores que discutem a temática. Assim, busca-se uma aproximação entre teoria e prática, ressignificando o papel da leitura literária na escola, de modo a dar visibilidade ao professor como mediador no processo de formação de leitores. Como resultado, destaca-se que as mudanças referentes ao trabalho pedagógico com a leitura literária, desenvolvidas pela professora, mostraram-se coerentes com as características fundamentais enfatizadas sobre o letramento literário por Cosson. A partir dessa reflexão, constatou-se que foram propostas ações e atuações de práticas da leitura, que favoreceram e encorajaram o desenvolvimento de estratégias de leitura pela criança como sujeito-leitor.
O impacto do mestrado profissional em educação na formação de um docente da educação básica
Authors: Francisco Edmilson
Published: August 2020

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar reflexões acerca das buscas incessantes pela reelaboração de minha pedagógica, despertadas em mim enquanto mestrando no Programa de Mestrado em Educação na Universidade Federal de Lavras. Ao longo dos dois anos de mestrado foram apresentados métodos, perspectivas e teorias relacionadas à Educação e ao ato de ensinar, além da sugestão de leitura de incontáveis textos e livros. Diante de todo o conteúdo abordado, me chamaram a atenção questões relacionadas à dimensão social da escola e da sala de aula, do pensar sobre a real função e papel do professor e do vínculo entre o ensino e o contexto social no qual a escola está inserida. Assim, neste trabalho, relato como o refletir sobre tais questões influenciaram-me a modificar minhas práticas em sala de aula. Na primeira seção falo de minha experiência no Mestrado Profissional em Educação, na segunda, abordo a questão social do ato de ensinar e, na terceira, discorro sobre a sala de aula como ambiente de descobertas e investigações. Espero que as ideias aqui partilhadas sirvam de incentivo para aqueles professores que, como eu, sonham em proporcionar um ensino que forje cidadãos capazes e com desejo de transformar o contexto onde vivem.
O Pnaic: discussões e análises a partir da formação docente
Authors: Santos Maria Betânia de Castro Nunes
Published: August 2020

O Pacto Nacional Pela Alfabetização na Idade Certa (PNAIC), política pública implantada em todo o país em 2013, buscou contribuir para o desenvolvimento de ações com o objetivo principal de alfabetizar plenamente todas as crianças até os oito anos de idade. Por meio do presente texto, buscou-se entender quais as percepções das professoras alfabetizadoras participantes do PNAIC/2014 em Matemática com relação aos temas abordados e as propostas de atuação em sala de aula, apresentadas durante este curso de formação. O referencial teórico fundamentou-se em pesquisa bibliográfica direcionada à formação inicial e continuada do professor alfabetizador, com ênfase na formação de professores alfabetizadores em Matemática. Os dados coletados foram de natureza qualitativa, oriundos de uma entrevista semiestruturada, aplicadas a um grupo de oito professoras alfabetizadoras, participantes do PNAIC/2014, no município de Lavras – MG. A partir da coleta de dados foi possível identificar que o PNAIC, apesar de colaborar, não é suficiente para a formação das profissionais da educação, sendo necessário formação continuada e efetiva em Matemática e que, cursos como o PNAIC não são, por si só, capazes de mudar a Educação de forma imediata, mas que representam um importante passo de uma longa caminhada.