bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Generation of Hydrogeological Units for 3D Modelling Using Open‐Source Tools in the Mexico Basin
Authors: Montaño‐Caro Juan Camilo , Escolero‐Fuentes Oscar , Morales‐Casique Eric
Published: February 2025

This dataset contains hydrogeological cross‐sections for 3D modelling in the Mexico Basin, developed using Python scripts and GIS tools. The cross‐sections are based on existing geological studies and integrate a variety of lithologies and structural features, including volcanic and sedimentary units. While the dataset provides comprehensive coverage, it does acknowledge limitations in geological and structural resolution due to the availability of data. The dataset includes shapefiles representing hydrogeological units in both line and polygon formats, alongside topographic sections, surface hydrogeological distribution and regional fault systems. Although modifications may be required for specific applications, it serves as a strong foundation for multidisciplinary studies in groundwater and geological modelling. Hosted on open‐source repositories, the data can be easily adapted for use in 3D modelling frameworks like GemPy and FloPy. This dataset is a valuable resource for understanding groundwater dynamics in the Mexico Basin and offers flexibility for future updates as new data become available or project needs evolve.
Elucidation of Potable Water Accelerated Weathering of Limestone for Post‐Combustion Carbon Capture: Correlation, Optimization, Comparative, Kinetic Modelling and Mass Transfer Analysis
Authors: Chai Slyvester Yew Wang , How Bing Shen , Ngu Lock Hei
Published: February 2025

Energy generation and industrial processes are the main emitters of CO2, with 37.4 billion tCO2 in 2023, causing detrimental environmental effects. As absorption is the most established carbon capture technology, this research implements the accelerated weathering of limestone (AWL) process to capture CO2 from post‐combustion emissions. However, this work replaces the conventional water source for the AWL process, seawater, with potable water. A correlation study was performed to study the effect of the proposed process's liquid‐to‐gas (L/G) ratio on the performance (i.e., effluent's alkalinity and CO2 capture efficiency). The correlation findings show that by decreasing the L/G ratio (1–0.003), the calcium bicarbonate (Ca(HCO3)2) effluent concentration (0.77–3.65 mM) and pH (5.58–7.47) increase significantly, whereas CO2 capture efficiency (81.94%–20.82%) was adversely affected. The optimization analysis obtained the highest achievable alkalinity at 3.63 mM at an optimized liquid and gas flow rate of 0.024 and 10 L min−1, respectively. Meanwhile, the liquid and gas flow rates of 1.23 and 1 L min−1 achieved the highest CO2 capture efficiency of 82.15%. It was deduced that potable water is better than seawater for CO2 capture operation via the AWL process, achieving a 12.09%–39.14% better CO2 capture efficiency when operated at similar conditions. In addition, the kinetic and mass transfer performance of the proposed process was also established in this work. Overall, this research establishes the potential of a potable water‐operated AWL process for future commercialization.
Assessment Improvement of Heat Performance and Hydraulic Thermal Flow in a Three‐Dimensional Tube Equipped With Different Turbulator Corrugated Arrangements
Authors: Al‐Haidari Saad Raad , Al‐Obaidi Ahmed Ramadhan
Published: February 2025

Corrugated pipe is used in many engineering applications because of its high performance compared with smooth pipe. This research involved numerical simulations and experimental testing of a circular tube with a modified flow path to improve the heat transfer performance of heat exchangers. The focus was on enhancing mixing and creating vortex flows within the tube to increase heat exchange efficiency. The impact of seven design factors, including ring diameters (RD) and the pitch between ring pitches (RP), on thermal–hydraulic performance was investigated. Water is used as the working fluid and the flow regime ranges from 4000 to 15,000, indicating turbulent flow. A constant heat flux of 25,500 W/m2 is applied, and the water enters the system at a temperature of 298 K (25°C). The properties of water are assumed to remain constant throughout the flow with flow conditions, such as a steady state (the flow conditions do not change with time), incompressible flow (the density of the fluid remains constant), and no‐slip condition (the fluid velocity at the surface of any solid boundary is zero). Corrugated tubes consistently outperformed smooth tubes in heat transfer due to increased flow mixing and separation. Both increasing the Reynolds number and decreasing the design factors led to the formation of mixing and vortex patterns. In RD configurations, the Nusselt number saw an average improvement of approximately 45.6%, while the friction factor increased between 19% and 57%. RP configurations demonstrated a broader range of Nusselt number enhancements, reaching up to 35%, and friction factor increases ranging from 15% to 42%. Rings can significantly enhance the thermal–hydraulic performance of tubes. However, the best configuration depends on the specific application. The configuration with the highest performance, resulting in a 1.38 increase in performance evaluation factor, was obtained using an RD of 1 mm and an RP of 20 mm. The simulated and experimental data showed excellent agreement, with a maximum discrepancy of less than 11% for both smooth and dimpled tubes.
Developing a Two‐Dimensional Semi‐Analytical Solution on a Plan View for a Consecutive Divergent Tracer Test Considering Regional Groundwater Flow
Authors: Suk Heejun , Piao Jize , Liang Ching‐Ping , Han Weon Shik , Ahn Hongil , Chen Jui‐Sheng
Published: February 2025

Multiple successive tracer tests are often conducted to obtain reliable breakthrough curve results under regional groundwater flow, especially when the accuracy is crucial. In such cases, the period of rest between the end of the first divergent tracer test and the initiation of the second divergent tracer test allows the tracer from the first test to travel along with the background regional flow, thereby influencing the distribution of residual tracer concentration. This residual tracer could potentially interfere with breakthrough curve results from the tracer injection in the second tracer test. Additionally, the conventional analytical solution used for the divergent tracer test considers only radial flow; regional flow and consecutive tracer tests are ignored. Consequently, interpreting the behaviour of the tracer in consecutive divergent tracer tests under regional flow conditions is challenging using conventional measures because of background regional concentration. This study proposes a new semi‐analytical solution, considering the effects of divergent radial and regional flows in consecutive tracer tests, addressing a critical gap in the conventional analytical solutions that, despite their practical necessity, have not been previously developed. The proposed semi‐analytical solution was subjected to parameter studies under various scenarios. In our case studies, the conventional analytical solution based on a single tracer test can be safely used for parameter estimation only in cases where the injected mass for the subsequent tracer test is approximately six‐fold that of the first tracer test or if the drift time is longer than 10 days.
Methods Used to Assess Early Mathematical Skills in 2‐Year‐Olds: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Weiers Hanna , Ghattaura Sohnia , Scerif Gaia , Sella Francesco , Simms Victoria , Xenidou‐Dervou Iro , Gilmore Camilla
Published: February 2025

When children are aged around 2 years, many of the early foundations of mathematical skills are developing. Understanding this is important to shed light on theories of mathematical development. Nevertheless, little research has investigated 2‐year‐olds' early mathematical abilities, with most research focussing on either infants (aged 0–1 years) or pre‐schoolers (aged 3–5 years). One possible reason for this lack of research may be the challenges associated with the methods used with this age group. Here, we review the methods used to assess 2‐year‐olds' basic mathematical skills and identify the gaps and issues with those methods. Our findings indicate several issues, both with individual methods used to test specific skills but also some common challenges applicable across all measures and skills. We discuss the identified issues and highlight a need for more appropriate approaches and for alternative methods of administration to better evaluate 2‐year‐olds' mathematical skills.
Factors affecting the success of labor in twin pregnancies: A retrospective study on maternal and fetal outcomes
Authors: Zhang Hong , Gao Tianhong , Du Hui
Published: February 2025

Objective

To explore the relevant factors associated with successful labor in twin pregnancies and investigate maternal and fetal outcomes in the group with failed labor.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on twin pregnancies that underwent labor in our hospital from July 2016 to June 2023. A total of 519 cases were divided into two groups: the successful labor group (450 cases with vaginal delivery of both fetuses) and the failed labor group (69 cases with cesarean delivery of one or two fetuses). The relevant factors of the labor, as well as the maternal and fetal outcomes, were analyzed between these two groups.

Results

Multivariate analysis indicated that advanced maternal age (odds ratio [OR] 1.13, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05–1.22), high pre‐delivery body mass index (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.04–1.19), and vertex/transverse twins (OR 3.75, 95% CI 1.35–10.40) were risk factors for the failure of vaginal labor. Multiparity (OR 0.15, 95% CI 0.08–0.29), premature birth (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.24–0.78), and neuraxial analgesia (OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.20–0.72) were protective factors for the failure of delivery. There were no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05) in decreased hemoglobin and neonatal outcomes between the two groups. The postpartum hospitalization time in the successful labor group was shorter than that in the failed labor group (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Labor in twin pregnancies is generally safe. Factors such as multiparity, previous premature birth, and neuraxial analgesia can significantly enhance the likelihood of a successful vaginal delivery.
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Authors: Lee Dae Kyu , Noh Gichang , Oh Seungmin , Jo Yooyeon , Park Eunpyo , Kim Min Jee , Woo Dong Yeon , Wi Heerak , Jeong YeonJoo , Jang Hyun Jae , Kim Sangbum , Lee Suyoun , Kang Kibum , Kwak Joon Young
Published: February 2025

A crystallinity‐controlled ZrO2‐based memristor with localized conductive filaments along low energy pathways is proposed as a short‐term memory for reservoir computing.

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Structure–function relationships between the human bitter taste receptor TAS2R38 and propylthiouracil: An in‐silico investigation
Authors: Subramanian Gowtham , Ponnusamy Vinithra , Murugesan Janaranjani , Vedagiri Hemamalini , Panneerselvan Prabha , Vasanthakumar Keerthana , Krishnan Vasanth , Subramaniam Selvakumar
Published: February 2025

Taster categorisation uses bitter thiourea compounds like propylthiouracil (PROP) and phenylthiocarbamide (PTC), which are frequently associated with amino acid alterations at positions 49, 262 and 296 in human taste 2 receptor member 38 (hTAS2R38). Since the hTAS2R38 protein lacked a crystallographic structure, it was modelled using contact‐guided iterative threading assembly refinement, its residues were mutated and refined, and the binding pocket area and volume were assessed using CASTp. Bitter thiourea molecules were docked using the ligand extra precision module and the receptor–ligand complex was manually positioned in a fully hydrated, equilibrated 1‐palmitoyl‐2‐oleoylphosphatidylcholine bilayer using the CHARMM GUI membrane constructor, a 100 ns simulation was carried out using the Desmond program. Analysis revealed that the PROP binds to the allosteric hydrophobic pocket of hTAS2R38 and forms a hydrogen bond with ASN190. The native structure (hTAS2R38PAV) has a higher glide energy (−24.164 kcal/mol) and docking score (−7.212 kcal/mol) than mutants, corroborating our taste preference study. In contrast, PTC lacks hydrogen bonds in the binding pocket but exhibits pi–pi stacking interactions with the native structure. Structures with mutations at the 49th or 296th position showed the largest root mean square deviations and fluctuations. A triple mutation increases surface area and volume, making the 262nd position critical to the binding pocket. These results highlight the functional roles of these three residues in hTAS2R38.
The Purinergic Ligand‐Gated Ion Channel 7 Receptor Promotes the Proliferation, Invasion, and Migration of Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Wang Xin , Peng Xiaoxiang , Cao Yahui , Zhu Xiaodi , Du Yanan , Yu Qingqing , Zhao Ronglan
Published: February 2025

Purinergic ligand‐gated ion channel 7 receptor (P2X7R) has essential functions in tumor proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, and invasion, and the purpose of this study was to explore the effects of P2X7R on the biological behaviors of MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 cells. A bioinformatics analysis of P2X7R expression in breast cancer was performed and its relationships with overall survival and immune cell infiltration were determined. P2X7R ion channel function was detected via a Fluo‐4‐AM assay. Proliferation, migration and invasion were investigated using CCK‐8, scratch wound healing, and Transwell assays, respectively. The levels of P2X7R, JNK, p‐JNK, Akt, p‐Akt, E‐cadherin, N‐cadherin, vimentin and GAPDH were detected by western blotting. The role of P2X7R on the biological behaviors of MCF‐7 cells was detected in vivo. Bioinformatics analysis revealed an obvious increase in the expression of P2X7R in breast cancer and differences were observed among the different subtypes. High expression of P2X7R was negatively correlated with overall survival and affected immune cell infiltration. The experimental results revealed that both types of cells express functional P2X7R. ATP and BzATP can promote proliferation, invasion, and metastasis after P2X7R activation; upregulate p‐Akt, p‐JNK, N‐cadherin and vimentin; and downregulate E‐cadherin compared with the control group, and the addition of the antagonist A438079 or oxATP or the knockdown of P2X7R could weaken these effects. The activation of P2X7R in breast cancer cells can promote their biological behaviors, indicating that P2X7R is a latent therapeutic target in breast cancer.
Ecological Factors That Predict School Counselors’ Comprehensive School Counseling Program Implementation
Authors: Hilts Derron , Park Eunji , Liu Yanhong
Published: February 2025

School counselors are tasked with designing and implementing a comprehensive school counseling program (CSCP) to support student development. Although factors influencing CSCP implementation have been studied, a comprehensive model is needed to classify these variables by ecological type, clarifying their unique contributions and varying importance to school counselors’ CSCP implementation. We investigated whether sociocultural factors (e.g., sexual orientation, socioeconomic status), professional development experiences (e.g., ASCA national model training), intrapersonal and interpersonal factors (e.g., self‐advocacy, role stress), and systemic factors (e.g., organizational support, school counselor caseload) uniquely contribute to school counselors’ CSCP implementation. Our sample included 265 school counselors, nationwide. The final hierarchical regression model explained 51% of the variance in CSCP implementation. We also identified several ecological factors with unique contributions in explaining the variance in CSCP implementation. We discussed implications for counseling practice, research, and advocacy.
Structures and Solvation Energies Effects Versus Temperature. An MP2 Investigations in the Framework of Cluster Model
Authors: Hattab Awatef , Malloum Alhadji , Dhaouadi Zoubeida , Russo Nino
Published: February 2025

Structures, relative stabilities, solvation enthalpies, and free energies of the cluster in gas and in water phases were investigated in this work using Moller‐Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) and considering a temperature range of 40–400 K. The 12 H2O molecules are distributed between the first, second, and third solvation shells. The calculated distances distances in gas phase are in good agreement with the experimental range which confirms the strong influence of long‐distance interactions in cluster stabilization. Structural comparison between gas and water phases shows that the addition of the bulk solvent causes changes in the cation‐water bond lengths of few hundredths of angstroms. The obtained solvation free energy of beryllium ion in water at room temperature (298.15 K) results in b − 575.1 kcal mol−1 in very good agreement with the corresponding experimental counterpart. The computed solvation free energies increase as a polynomial function of the temperature while the change in the solvation enthalpies is found to be negligible.
Rethinking Psychotherapy Training and Supervision: The Case for Deliberate Practice
Authors: Vaz Alexandre , McLeod Julia , Nissen‐Lie Helene A.
Published: February 2025

Psychotherapy supervision research has led to mixed, often disappointing results as to its effects on clinicians' skills acquisition and final treatment outcomes. Put simply, it is unclear if traditional supervision methods reliably increase therapist effectiveness. To answer this longstanding challenge, Deliberate Practice (DP) is now increasingly being recognized by leading authors and researchers as an effective method for enhancing therapists' skills. Despite this growing agreement about the potential advantages of DP methods, there remains a shortage of research, guidelines and real‐world case presentations for their implementation in clinical supervision. In this introductory paper, we present an issue of the Journal of Clinical Psychology: In Session that showcases diverse modalities and approaches through which DP can be integrated into clinical supervision. To set the stage, this paper presents the major definitions, research evidence, and potential benefits and challenges of a DP‐informed psychotherapy supervision. We highlight that while available research is promising, much is still needed to elevate the promise of DP into an evidence‐based learning method that reliable increases therapist's skills and outcomes. As such, we conclude with a call encouraging clinicians, trainers and researchers alike to experiment with the methods here described and contribute to this exciting new development in the field.
The Effects of the Early and Late Phases of Septic Shock on the Population Pharmacokinetics of Vancomycin
Authors: Lexnoi Tanisa , Boonpeng Apinya , Santimaleeworagun Wichai , Chaisiri Kessarin , Dechsanga Jutamas , Vattanavanit Veerapong , Ungthammakhun Chutchawan , Sitaruno Sirima
Published: February 2025

Pathophysiologic changes in the early and late phases of septic shock affect the pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters, varying dose adjustments may be necessary. This study aimed to create the PK models of vancomycin in the early and late phases of septic shock and to describe the association between the area under the curve from 0 to 24 h (AUC0‐24) and acute kidney injury (AKI). The data from patients with septic shock receiving vancomycin was collected either prospectively or retrospectively. A nonlinear mixed‐effects modeling approach was used to develop the PK models. A total of 208 septic shock patients were enrolled and classified into the early (n = 96) and the late phase (n = 112). A two‐compartment PK model is the best base model for both phases of septic shock. The model that best predicted the clearance (CL) of both phases was the 2021 Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD‐EPI) creatinine equation, which was not indexed to body surface area (BSA). Albumin (ALB) was a covariate associated with vancomycin CL only in the late phase. The typical values of CL and volume of distribution (Vd) in the early phase were 1.71 L/h and 68.94 L. In the late phase, CL was 1.65 L/h, and Vd was 66.36 L. The AKI was observed in patients with a high simulated AUC0‐24. The population PK model of vancomycin in the early and late phases of septic shock has been established. The CKD‐EPI not indexed to BSA predicts vancomycin CL in both phases. ALB was associated with CL in the late phase.
Reproducibility of a new device for robotic‐assisted TKA surgery
Authors: Alesi Domenico , Rinaldi Vito Gaetano , Cerasoli Tosca , Valente Davide , Marcheggiani Muccioli Giulio Maria , Zaffagnini Stefano
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Enhancing implant placement to achieve optimal gap balance is crucial in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Given the limited precision of traditional instrumentation, tools like computer‐assisted surgery and robotic‐assisted TKA have emerged. This experimental cadaveric study aimed to evaluate the accuracy and reproducibility of the collaborative image‐free Robin robotic system to support its future clinical application.

Methods

Fifteen cadaveric specimens were treated by eight experienced TKA surgeons. All surgeons, experts in computer‐assisted TKA but new to the Robin system, received standardized training. The Robin system uses a robotic arm to position and hold a universal cutting jig, while surgeons perform osteotomies. The indicator for registration repeatability was the alignment of the cutting block position with the previous pin placement. Bony resection, angles and axes were evaluated by comparing the preoperative planning values to the ones obtained with the Robin system with a validated navigation system.

Results

There were no statistically significant differences between the planned and measured values for most resection angles, except for femoral and tibial orientation on sagittal plane (0.6 ± 0.8° and 0.6 ± 1.0°, respectively). Similarly, no statistically significant differences were recorded for resection thickness values, except for the distal medial femoral cut (0.8 ± 0.7 mm). Moreover, these results showed consistency among the different first‐time users.

Conclusions

The study found that the Robin robotic system closely matched the preoperative plan for TKA, demonstrating high accuracy and consistency among first‐time users. This allows surgeons to easily achieve their planned targets without having to adapt their surgical technique, potentially improving both efficiency and outcomes even when handling complex cases.

Level of Evidence

Not applicable.
FOXA3: A Novel Tumor Suppressor in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Siang , Jin Yuxiang , Han Qianyu , Zhao Xuewei , Xue Lei
Published: February 2025

Background

The forkhead box A (FOXA) family has been extensively studied in cancer research; however, the role of FOXA3 in malignant tumors, particularly esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), is not well understood. This study explores the expression and function of FOXA3 in ESCC, assessing its potential as a prognostic marker and therapeutic target.

Methods

This study analyzed FOXA3 expression in ESCC tissues and its correlation with patient prognosis. The effects of FOXA3 overexpression on ESCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were examined in ESCC cell lines in vitro. Additionally, an in vivo tumorigenesis assay was performed using subcutaneous injection to assess the impact of FOXA3 overexpression on tumor growth. Statistical analyses were conducted to determine the significance of the results.

Results

FOXA3 expression was significantly reduced in ESCC tissues compared with it in paired adjacent normal tissues, and low FOXA3 expression was significantly associated with poor prognosis in ESCC patients. FOXA3 overexpression markedly inhibited ESCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In addition, overexpression of FOXA3 repressed tumor growth in mice.

Conclusions

These findings indicate that FOXA3 acts as a tumor suppressor in ESCC, and its low expression is linked to poor outcomes. FOXA3 may serve as a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for ESCC.
Betulinic Acid Inhibits Glioma Progression by Inducing Ferroptosis Through the PI3K/Akt and NRF2/HO‐1 Pathways
Authors: Huang Jinxiang , Li Qixuan , Wang Hongxiang , Zhang Shuai , Zhou Xiaorong , Huang Fang , Chen Juxiang , Xu Luning , Kang Dezhi
Published: February 2025

Background

Gliomas currently have a poor prognosis and limited therapy options. Betulinic acid (BA) has demonstrated antitumor activity in various cancers. This study is aimed at clarifying the underlying mechanisms by which BA inhibits gliomas.

Methods

We assessed how BA affected the migration, apoptosis, invasion, proliferation, and viability of U251 glioma cells. The genes that were differentially expressed after BA treatment were identified via RNA sequencing. Utilizing Gene Ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, research was done to determine the affected pathways. Molecular docking was applied to explore the interaction of BA with key pathway molecules. Experimental assays were conducted to confirm the impact of BA on these pathways and targets.

Results

In U251 cells, BA reduced viability; inhibited colony formation, migration, and invasion; and triggered apoptosis. Through RNA sequencing, 923 up‐ and 1469 downregulated genes were found, with notable enrichment in the TNF, PI3K‐Akt, and ferroptosis pathways. BA can stably bind to TNF and PI3K‐Akt pathway molecules, especially AKT1 (binding energy = −10.2 kcal/mol). BA administration decreased the levels of phosphorylated PI3K and AKT. Moreover, BA‐induced ferroptosis and HO‐1 and NRF2 levels were increased. Ferrostatin‐1 and zinc protoporphyrin pretreatment decreased intracellular iron and lipid peroxidation and decreased the decrease in cell viability caused by BA.

Conclusions

BA controls the PI3K/Akt and NRF2/HO‐1 pathways, which results in glioma ferroptosis. Understanding BA's multipathway mechanism may inform its therapeutic potential in glioma treatment.
Mass Spectrometry–Based Proteomics in Clinical Diagnosis of Amyloidosis and Multiple Myeloma: A Review (2012–2024)
Authors: Kratka Katerina , Sistik Pavel , Olivkova Ivana , Kusnierova Pavlina , Svagera Zdenek , Stejskal David
Published: February 2025

Proteomics is nowadays increasingly becoming part of the routine clinical practice of diagnostic laboratories, especially due to the advent of advanced mass spectrometry techniques. This review focuses on the application of proteomic analysis in the identification of pathological conditions in a hospital setting, with a particular focus on the analysis of protein biomarkers. In particular, the main purpose of the review is to highlight the challenges associated with the identification of specific disease‐causing proteins, given their complex nature and the variety of posttranslational modifications (PTMs) they can undergo. PTMs, such as phosphorylation and glycosylation, play critical roles in protein function but can also lead to diseases if dysregulated. Proteomics plays an important role especially in various medical fields ranging from cardiology, internal medicine to hemato‐oncology emphasizing the interdisciplinary nature of this field. Traditional methods such as electrophoretic or immunochemical methods have been mainstay in protein detection; however, these techniques are limited in terms of specificity and sensitivity. Examples include the diagnosis of multiple myeloma and the detection of its specific protein or amyloidosis, which relies heavily on these conventional methods, which sometimes lead to false positives or inadequate disease monitoring. Mass spectrometry in this respect emerges as a superior alternative, providing high sensitivity and specificity in the detection and quantification of specific protein sequences. This technique is particularly beneficial for monitoring minimal residual disease (MRD) in the diagnosis of multiple myeloma where traditional methods fall short. Furthermore mass spectrometry can provide precise typing of amyloid proteins, which is crucial for the appropriate treatment of amyloidosis. This review summarizes the opportunities for proteomic determination using mass spectrometry between 2012 and 2024, highlighting the transformative potential of mass spectrometry in clinical proteomics and encouraging its wider use in diagnostic laboratories.
Comprehensive Analysis of Clinical and Molecular Features in Cancer Patients Associated With Major Human Oncoviruses
Authors: Mohamed Ahmed Osman , Long Rongzhuo , He Yin , Wang Xiaosheng
Published: February 2025

Viral infections contribute to a higher incidence of cancer than any other individual risk factor. This study aimed to compare the clinical and molecular features of four viral‐associated cancers: stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD), head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC), liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC), and cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CESC). Patients were categorized based on viral infection status, as provided in the clinical data, into virus‐associated and non‐virus‐associated groups, followed by a comprehensive comparison of clinical and molecular features. Our analysis disclosed that viral infections confer unique clinical and molecular signatures to their associated tumors. Specifically, human papillomavirus‐associated (HPV+) HNSC and hepatitis B virus‐associated (HBV+) LIHC patients were predominantly male, younger, and exhibited better clinical prognoses. Virus‐associated tumors displayed enhanced immune microenvironments and high DNA damage response scores, while non‐virus‐associated tumors were enriched in stromal signatures. HPV+ HNSC and Epstein‐Barr virus‐associated (EBV+) STAD showed similarities across multi‐omics features, including better responses to immunotherapy, lower TP53 mutation rates, tumor mutation burden (TMB), and copy number alteration (CNA). Conversely, HBV+, Hepatitis C virus‐associated (HCV+) LIHCs and HPV+ CESC were more genomically unstable due to high TP53 mutation rates, TMB, and CNA. At the protein level, Caspase‐7 and Syk were upregulated in HPV+ HNSC and EBV+ STAD, and positively correlated with the enrichment levels of CD8 + T cell, PD‐L1, and cytolytic activity. Patient stratification based on infection status has significant clinical implications, particularly for patient prognosis and drug response.
I Remember It All Too Well: Gig Workers' Psychological Detachment After Receiving Negative Customer Feedback and the Roles of Job Security and Handling Time
Authors: Liang Yijue , Sun Tianjun , Zhu Ze
Published: February 2025

The recently booming gig economy, in which gig workers provide on‐demand and short‐term services to customers in exchange for monetary rewards via online gig platforms, creates opportunities for workers to receive instantaneous customer feedback, particularly negative feedback. Considering the emerging controversy concerning gig workers' well‐being, the present research strives to understand how and when negative customer feedback influences gig workers' subsequent work and well‐being outcomes. Grounded in conservation of resources (COR) theory, this research hypothesizes that negative customer feedback hinders psychological detachment, contingent on gig workers' perception of their job security and their customer feedback handling time. In turn, impaired psychological detachment is related to lower job performance and job‐related well‐being for gig workers on the following day. Findings from a study using an experience sampling method (ESM) that included 147 gig workers across five consecutive workdays (Study 1) and a recall study that included 273 gig workers (Study 2) provide general support for the hypothesized model. The theoretical and practical implications of this research are also discussed.
Ascorbic and silicic acid application mitigated toxic effects of ozone in mung bean (Vigna radiataL. Wilczek) by modulating growth, secondary metabolites, water relations, and grain quality attributes
Authors: Iqbal Naeem , Shahzadi Eram , Nawaz Muhammad , Shahid Muhammad , Khan Fahad
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND

Elevated levels of tropospheric ozone (O3) pose a significant threat to plant health and productivity. Developing ozone‐tolerant varieties is crucial for mitigating these environmental stresses. This study investigates the effects of ascorbic acid (AA) and silicic acid (SA) treatments on 12 different mung bean varieties under elevated O3 conditions.

RESULTS

A controlled pot experiment was conducted with four treatments: ambient O3 (40–45 ppb), elevated O3 (120 ppb), elevated O3 with silicic acid (0.1 mmol L−1), and high O3 with ascorbic acid (10 mmol L−1). High O3 stress negatively impacted growth attributes across all mung bean cultivars. However, both AA and SA treatments significantly alleviated O3‐induced growth reductions. Under O3 stress, osmotic potential, water potential, relative water content, turgor potential, sugars, pod number, amino acids, 100‐seed weight, and grain carbohydrates all decreased. In contrast, antioxidant enzymes (ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase), flavonoids, tannins, and grain protein content increased.

CONCLUSION

The NIAB Mung 20‐21, NIAB Mung 2006, and NIAB Mung varieties exhibited O3 resistance. Silicic acid proved to be more effective than ascorbic acid in mitigating O3 damage, though a combination of both treatments was the most beneficial for enhancing plant resilience under elevated O3 conditions. © 2025 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Development of a Catalyst‐Free Ultrasound‐Assisted Derivatization Method for Detection of Valproic Acid in Epilepsy Patient's Serum Using High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography: A Comparison With Chemiluminescence Immunoassay
Authors: Jaberi Javad , Alavi Nikoo , Moayednia Milad
Published: February 2025

The aim of this research was the therapeutic drug monitoring for valproic acid in epilepsy patient's serum samples by the common, sensitive, and accessible HPLC‐UV method. Because of the absence of a suitable chromophore in the valproic acid structure, a facile, selective, and cost‐effective pre‐column derivatization was designed. This catalyst‐free ultrasound‐assisted derivatization assay can accomplish the derivatization very quickly only in 5.0 min and at a mild temperature of 60°C. 2,4ʹ‐Dibromoacetophenone and nonanoic acid was used as derivatizing agent and internal standard, respectively. The effect of sample pH, buffer concentration, ultrasound exposure time, reaction temperature, and derivatizing agent amount were optimized. The proposed method exhibited a good linear range of 5.0–300.0 µg/mL with acceptable correlation coefficients of 0.9981. The limit of detection was as low as 0.4 µg/mL. Also, the limit of quantification was reported as 1.3 µg/mL. Interday and intraday relative standard deviations (n = 10) were 1.1% and 0.3%–7.0%, respectively. In addition, the relative recovery ranged from 100.3% to 107.7%. The measurement of valproic acid was performed in the presence of several epilepsy and non‐epilepsy drugs by the developed protocol. This confirmed the specific and accurate determination of valproic acid in the patient's serum. A comparative evaluation was employed against the precise chemiluminescence immunoassay approach. The correlation coefficient between the two methods was 0.9992, which demonstrated the results were statistically the same.
Chiral Separation and Determination of Multiple Organophosphorus Pesticide Enantiomers in Soil Based on Cellulose‐Based Chiral Column by LC–MS/MS
Authors: Li Liang , Zhou Rendan , Xie Huiying , Li Gang , Xu Zhiguang , Liu Meijia , Gao Wanting
Published: February 2025

The widespread use of organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) has raised significant environmental and health concerns due to their residues in soil and potential entry into the food chain. This study introduced chiral analysis methods for four OPs—methamidophos (METHP), dipterex (DIP), malathion (MALA), and isothiophos‐methyl (ISOME)—using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) with cellulose‐based chiral columns. Three distinct methods were established: one for METHP, another for DIP, and a third for MALA and ISOME. Key chromatographic variables, including organic mobile phases and column temperatures, were systematically optimized, achieving maximum resolutions (Rs) of 1.61 for METHP, 2.40 for DIP, 1.70 for MALA, and 2.02 for ISOME. The QuEChERS method was employed for sample pretreatment, ensuring high recoveries. All three methods demonstrated excellent linearity (R > 0.998), accuracy with recoveries ranging from 79% to 121%, precision with RSD% < 11%, and sensitivity with low limits of enantiomer detection (LODs) as low as 0.17 µg/kg for METHP, 0.087 µg/kg for DIP, 0.062 µg/kg for MALA, and 0.054 µg/kg for ISOME, representing a sensitivity improvement of 16–172 times compared to existing methods. Field soil samples from Yangzizhou District, Nanchang, China, revealed significant contamination by ISOME, with concentrations of a single enantiomer reaching up to 8343 µg/kg, while MALA exhibited varying enantiomeric ratios with depth. This study provides robust analytical tools for monitoring chiral OP residues in soil, contributing to food safety and environmental protection.
Differences in the Sonographic Features of Adenomyosis and Concurrent Endometriosis Compared to Isolated Adenomyosis
Authors: Matot Ran , Blickstein Ophir , Leibner Gideon , Bar‐Peled Uval , Borovich Adi , Geron Yossi , Gilboa Yinon , Krissi Haim , Perlman Sharon
Published: February 2025

Objective

To examine whether the co‐occurrence of endometriosis affects the sonographic features of adenomyosis based on the revised Morphological Uterus Sonographic Assessment (MUSA) criteria.

Methods

This prospective cohort study utilized data from a tertiary referral center collected between 2010 and 2022. Non‐pregnant women aged 20–53 years who presented with symptoms potentially related to adenomyosis and underwent pelvic ultrasound scans were included. Diagnoses were based on the revised MUSA criteria, which distinguish between direct features (endometrial cysts, hyperechogenic islands, echogenic sub‐endometrial lines, and buds) and indirect features (globular shape of the uterus, asymmetrical uterine wall thickening, irregular junctional zone, fan‐shaped shadowing, translesional vascularity, and interrupted junctional zone). Patients were categorized into 2 groups: 1) concurrent adenomyosis and endometriosis and 2) isolated adenomyosis. Demographic and clinical characteristics were retrospectively collected.

Results

Ninety‐four patients were diagnosed with adenomyosis. Of these, 24 (27%) had concurrent endometriosis, while 70 had isolated adenomyosis. The most frequent sonographic features were globular uterine configuration (52%), myometrial cysts (44%), and asymmetrical myometrial thickening (33%). The isolated adenomyosis group had a higher proportion of direct features (29%) and both direct and indirect features (33%) compared to the concurrent group, which predominantly exhibited indirect features (71%) (P < .05). Direct features of myometrial cysts were significantly more frequent in the isolated adenomyosis group (51%) compared to the concurrent group (21%, P = .01).

Conclusions

Utilizing the revised MUSA criteria revealed significant differences in the sonographic features of adenomyosis in symptomatic patients with concurrent endometriosis compared to isolated adenomyosis. This highlights the necessity for standardized diagnostic methods and enhances understanding of the complex relationship between adenomyosis and endometriosis, underscoring the importance of accurate diagnosis in clinical practice.
IGF2BP2‐induced circRNF20 facilitates breast cancer cell proliferation via the HuR/CDCA4 axis
Authors: Wu Shu‐Tao , Hou Xiao‐Li , Wang Fei , Sun Wei , Chen Jia‐Jie , Cao Ya‐Sen , Cheng Hong
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to explore the mechanism of insulin‐like growth factor 2 mRNA‐binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2) affecting the proliferation of breast cancer (BC) cells. The expression of IGF2BP2, circRNA ring finger protein 20 (circRNF20), and cell division cycle‐associated protein 4 (CDCA4) in human BC cells and normal breast epithelial cells was detected via RT‐qPCR or Western blotting. After IGF2BP2 expression was altered, CCK‐8 assay, colony formation assay, and EdU staining were performed to evaluate changes in the proliferation of BC cells. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay was used to analyze the binding of circRNF20 to IGF2BP2 or HuR, as well as the binding of HuR to CDCA4. RNA pull‐down confirmed the interaction between circRNF20 and HuR. The stability of circRNF20 was tested after treatment with actinomycin D. A nude mouse xenograft tumor model was established to validate the effect of IGF2BP2 in vivo. IGF2BP2, circRNF20, and CDCA4 were highly expressed in BC cells. Silencing IGF2BP2 decreased the proliferation ability of BC cells. Mechanistically, the binding of IGF2BP2 to circRNF20 prevented circRNF20 degradation, thereby promoting the binding of circRNF20 to HuR and increasing the expression of CDCA4. The overexpression of circRNF20 or CDCA4 abolished the inhibitory effect of IGF2BP2 silencing on BC cell proliferation. In conclusion, the binding of IGF2BP2 to circRNF20 prevents its degradation, thus facilitating BC cell proliferation via the HuR/CDCA4 axis.
China's Hydropower Resettlement Policies: Evolving Strategies for Sustainable Resource Management and Climate Security
Authors: Li Qian , Shangguan Ziheng , Yang Bohan , Xu Yi
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the evolution of China's hydropower resettlement policies with the framework of sustainable resource management and climate security. Using text analysis and the policy modeling consistency (PMC) model, it evaluates policy adaptation to the socioeconomic impacts of large‐scale hydropower development, particularly the displacement of land‐losing farmers. The findings reveal a transition in policy focus from broad initial coverage to targeted prioritization in later stages, characterized by a “inverted‐U” trend in the PMC index and a “U‐shaped” variance across policy dimensions. The transitions has improved goal‐setting, transparency, and procedural justice, yet challenges persist in fostering public participation and ensuring equitable resource distribution. China's centralized governance model has proven effectiveness in policy implementation but often constrains stakeholder engagement. Drawing lessons from targeted poverty alleviation programs, this study underscores the need for a shift from traditional administrative approaches to integrated sociological governance. Additionally, the research highlights climate challenges faced by hydropower resettlement and advocates for enhanced ecological compensation measures and improved energy efficiency in resettlement areas. These findings contribute to advancing the equity, sustainability, and global applicability of resettlement policies in addressing food, water, and climate security.
Metasurface‐Integrated Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes: Analysis of Spectral Effects on Theoretical and Experimental Performance
Authors: Kang Kyungnam , Yoo Hajun , Lee Hyunwoong , Ka Sukhyeon , Kim Jaeyun , An Myungchan , Kim Young Gu , Suh DuckJong , Kim Sunghan , Kim Jungho , Kim Donghyun
Published: February 2025

Organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) have emerged as a leading display technology and become rapidly embraced in commercial applications. In this paper, we explore the integration of metasurface (MS) designs for polarizer‐free top‐emitting OLEDs (TOLEDs) with enhanced absorption of ambient light. From the performance evaluated by varying the geometrical parameters of the MS, it is found that the broadband absorption in the long wavelength range, associated with the localized surface plasmon mode of the MS, can be tuned by adjusting these parameters. Optimizing these parameters can effectively localize and enhance near‐fields at the MS edges, thereby reducing the reflectance of MS‐integrated TOLEDs (MI‐TOLEDs) under ambient light. An optimized MS may balance reduced reflectance with minimal emission loss from TOLEDs. Numerical results suggest that MI‐TOLEDs can improve spectral out‐coupled light intensity and overall angular enhancement of the out‐coupled power by at least 50% and 45%, respectively, over conventional TOLED. In the whole visible wavelength range, the MI‐TOLED shows 48% lower reflectance compared to conventional TOLED, which is confirmed by experimental data measured from the MS optical cavity. Changes in encapsulation thickness influence the surface plasmon polariton mode, shifting resonance conditions in the reflectance spectra within the short wavelength range.
Scalable Fabrication of Self‐Reinforced Bioplastic Composites Using Short Fiber Reinforcements
Authors: Aziz Shazed , Colwell John , Heidarian Pejman , Mathel Vincent , Gauthier Emilie , McNally Tony , Peijs Ton , Varley Russell J. , Halley Peter J. , Vandi Luigi‐Jules
Published: February 2025

Bioplastics and biocomposites are eco‐friendly alternatives to their petrochemical derived commodity material, but tend to have inferior mechanical and thermal properties. In this work, short‐fiber self‐reinforced bioplastic composites (SRBCs) have been developed that seek to overcome some of these shortcomings. The SRBCs leverage melt‐spun drawn poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) fibers with axially‐oriented crystalline structures that exhibit a ≈6.7 °C higher melt temperature than the same PHBV in isotropic form. This enables a controlled‐temperature compounding process that preserves the crystalline structure of the fibers without distortion and ensures uniform distribution within the matrix. The resultant composites display a ≈35% increase in ultimate tensile strength and a ≈55% increase in impact resistance compared to neat PHBV polymer. This monolithic‐type composite system, characterized by high interfacial compatibility and strong fiber‐matrix adhesion, also supports high‐value recycling while preserving its mechanical properties across multiple lifecycle uses. By focusing upon discontinuous short fiber reinforcement, this work provides unprecedented opportunities for scaling SRBCs through commodity application pathways such as injection molding, compression molding, and 3D printing.
Studies on a system of nonlinear Schrödinger equations with potential and quadratic interaction
Authors: Alvarez Vicente , Esfahani Amin
Published: February 2025

In this work, we study the existence of various classes of standing waves for a nonlinear Schrödinger system with quadratic interaction, along with a harmonic or partially harmonic potential. We establish the existence of ground‐state normalized solutions for this system, which serve as local minimizers of the associated functionals. To address the difficulties raised by the potential term, we employ profile decomposition and concentration‐compactness principles. The absence of global energy minimizers in critical and supercritical cases leads us to focus on local energy minimizers. Positive results arise in scenarios of partial confinement, attributed to the spectral properties of the associated linear operators. Furthermore, we demonstrate the existence of a second normalized solution using the Mountain‐pass geometry, effectively navigating the difficulties posed by the nonlinear terms. We also explore the asymptotic behavior of local minimizers, revealing connections with unique eigenvectors of the linear operators. Additionally, we identify global and blow‐up solutions over time under specific conditions, contributing new insights into the dynamics of the system.