bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Why Younger Catholics Seem More Committed: Survivorship Bias and/or “Creative Minority” Effects among British Catholics
Authors: Clements Ben , Bullivant Stephen
Published: April 2022

The normative value of, and the extent of popular engagement with, different forms of commitment differ across Christian religious traditions, but studies often show women and older people exhibiting greater religiosity in their behavior and belief. Using a multidimensional approach to religious commitment, this study uses a new survey to provide an in‐depth assessment of Catholics in Britain. It finds that younger cohorts show greater involvement in some aspects of commitment and that there is very limited evidence for gender differences. Family religious socialization plays a key role in patterns of commitment relative to the weak impact of schooling. Two potential explanations for this counterintuitively positive “youth effect” seen among British Catholics are offered: “survivor bias” and a “creative minority” effect. The study provides an important contribution to understanding how Catholics in Britain engage with their faith and mediate processes of secularization.
Long‐term outcome of dogs recovering from acute kidney injury: 132 cases
Authors: Bar‐Nathan Mali , Chen Hilla , Rimer Dar , Segev Gilad
Published: April 2022

Background

Information regarding long‐term outcome of dogs recovering from acute kidney injury (AKI) is limited.

Objectives

Determine the long‐term outcome of dogs recovering from AKI and identify predictors for serum creatinine concentration (sCr) normalization and long‐term outcome.

Animals

One hundred thirty‐two dogs with AKI that survived ≥30 days postdischarge.

Methods

Retrospective study. Search of medical records of dogs diagnosed with AKI that survived to discharge. Follow‐up data were retrieved from medical records and by telephone interviews with the owners or primary care veterinarians or both.

Results

Estimated median survival time (MST) was 1322 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 1147‐1626), and 76% of the dogs were alive at last contact. Normalization of sCr was documented in 55% of the dogs at discharge and in additional 20% during the follow‐up period. The proportion of dogs with sCr normalization decreased with increase in AKI grade (P = .02). Long‐term survival was not associated with sCr normalization (P = .63). Etiology was associated with the long‐term outcome (P = .004).

Conclusion and Clinical Importance

Long‐term survival of dogs with AKI is longer than previously described. Normalization of sCr in 99 dogs (75%) occurred, either at discharge or within the follow‐up period. Normalization of sCr was not associated with long‐term survival. Estimated MST of dogs with sCr normalization was not different compared with dogs that developed azotemic chronic kidney disease (CKD), presumably because of slow CKD progression rate. Etiology is an important factor determining sCr normalization and long‐term survival, emphasizing the importance of the reversibility of renal injury rather than its severity.
Treatment of chronic active T cell‐mediated rejection after kidney transplantation: A retrospective cohort study of 37 transplants
Authors: Noguchi Hiroshi , Matsukuma Yuta , Nakagawa Kaneyasu , Ueki Kenji , Tsuchimoto Akihiro , Nakano Toshiaki , Sato Yu , Kaku Keizo , Okabe Yasuhiro , Nakamura Masafumi
Published: April 2022

Aim

Data on the treatment of chronic active T cell‐mediated rejection (CA‐TCMR) are scarce, and therapeutical strategies for CA‐TCMR have not been established. We retrospectively evaluated the outcomes and effects of treatment on pathological and clinical findings in patients with CA‐TCMR.

Methods

This study comprised 37 patients who underwent kidney transplantation at our institute who were diagnosed with CA‐TCMR between January 2018 and December 2020. Patients were followed until October 2021.

Results

A total of 32 of the 37 patients were treated. During the observation period, two patients died (5%), and five patients developed allograft loss (13%). A univariate Cox proportional hazards model showed that indication biopsy, higher spot urine protein/creatinine ratio (UPCR) and Banff ci/ct scores were risk factors for allograft loss. Of the treated patients, 23 underwent follow‐up biopsies. The Wilcoxon signed‐rank test showed significant improvement in the Baff scores for “ti”, “i‐IFTA”, “t” and “t‐IFTA” after treatment. On pathology, 13 (57%) of the patients who underwent follow‐up biopsy improved to “no evidence of rejection” or “borderline change.” Assuming that improvement in pathology to “borderline change” or “no evidence of rejection” on follow‐up biopsy indicates response to treatment, multivariate logistic analysis showed that lower UPCR was a predictive factor for response to treatment. No specific effect of treatment type was observed.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that treatment could improve the pathological findings in CA‐TCMR.
Transcutaneous vagal nerve stimulation protects against stress‐induced intestinal barrier dysfunction in healthy adults
Authors: Mogilevski Tamara , Rosella Sam , Aziz Qasim , Gibson Peter R.
Published: April 2022

Background

Intestinal barrier dysfunction is the likely initiating event in multiple human diseases. Currently, there are limited therapeutic strategies to address its dysfunction. Animal studies suggest that vagal nerve stimulation may improve intestinal barrier function, but this has not been evaluated in humans. This study aimed to determine the effect of vagal nerve stimulation on intestinal permeability in adults administered a bolus dose of intravenous corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) which has been shown to increase small intestinal permeability in healthy human subjects.

Methods

In a cross‐over study, 16 volunteers (median age 34 years, 11 female) were randomized to receive auricular transcutaneous vagal nerve or sham stimulation (10 minutes each side) after intravenous administration of 100 µg of CRH. Intestinal barrier function was measured before and 2 h after each intervention with dual‐sugar urine testing (lactulose:mannitol ratio) and intestinal fatty‐acid binding protein (I‐FABP).

Key Results

Exposure to CRH increased I‐FABP concentrations by a median of 49 (IQR 4‐71)% (p = 0.009). Lactulose:mannitol ratios were 0.029 (0.025‐0.050) following vagal stimulation compared with 0.062 (0.032‐0.170) following sham stimulation (p = 0.0092), representing a fall of 53 (22‐71)%. I‐FABP concentrations did not change (p = 0.90).

Conclusions

Brief non‐invasive vagal nerve stimulation consistently reduces paracellular permeability of the small intestine after CRH administration, but does not entirely mitigate I‐FABP release from the epithelium. Studies of vagal nerve stimulation in disease states are warranted.
Alterations in brain activation patterns in women with functional defecatory disorder: A novel fMRI rectal balloon expulsion study
Authors: Neshatian Leila , Karmonik Christof , Khavari Rose , Shi Zhaoyue , Elias Saba , Boone Timothy , Quigley Eamonn M. M.
Published: April 2022

Background

Functional defecatory disorders (FDD) are common among women. Despite the extensive research on peripheral mechanisms involved in FDD, the central–neural contribution to its pathophysiology remains poorly understood. We aimed to delineate specific supra‐spinal regions involved in defecation and examine whether their activity, as measured by blood‐oxygen‐level‐dependent (BOLD) signals, is different in FDD.

Methods

We performed functional MRI (fMRI) with concurrent rectal manometry in 15 controls and 18 females with ROME III diagnosis of FDD. A block design was used and brain activation maps based on BOLD effect employing the generalized linear model were calculated for each subject. Statistical significance between groups was assessed by a Student t‐test with cluster‐based multiple comparisons correction (corrected p < 0.01).

Key Results

Simulated defecation was associated with activation of regions of primary and supplementary motor (SMA) and somatosensory cortices, homeostatic afferent (thalamus, mid‐cingulate cortex, and insula), and emotional arousal networks (hippocampus and prefrontal cortex), occipital and cerebellum along with deactivation of right anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in controls. Women with FDD had fewer regions engaged in defecation and BOLD activation was much decreased is areas related to executive‐cognitive function (insula, parietal, and prefrontal cortices). Patients unlike controls showed activation in right ACC and otherwise had similar brain activation patterns during anal squeeze.

Conclusions & Inferences

Our results provide evidence that distinct differences exist in supra‐spinal control of defecation in key regions of motivational‐affective regulation and executive‐cognitive function, in patients with FDD as compared to controls.
The lichen market place
Authors: Kranner Ilse , Pichler Gregor , Grube Martin
Published: April 2022

This article is a Commentary on Spribille et al. (2022), 234: 1566–1582.
Risk factors of young males with physically demanding occupations having accumulated damage of anterior cruciate ligament
Authors: Yu Wang , Xianmin Liu , Liangbi Xiang , Chunbao Li
Published: April 2022

Objective

To present the clinical characteristics of accumulated anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) damage among young male patients undergoing routine exercise, and to evaluate the related risk factors.

Methods

A retrospective study involving ACL‐accumulated damage from June 2015 to December 2019 was conducted. Baseline characteristics, such as age, body mass index (BMI), training parameters, and clinical signs, were recorded. The results of the radiologic examinations and related standardized tests were obtained to evaluate the research outcomes. These results were compared using Student's t‐test or Chi‐square test, and the impact of risk factors on the patient's injury were analyzed.

Results

A total of 86 men with accumulated ACL damage were included in this study. Exercise pain (86 [100%]), synovitis (80 [93.0%]), and intra‐articular effusion (79 [91.9%]) were the most common clinical symptoms. Loosening of ligaments, decreased tension, mild hyperplasia, and intercondylar fossa effusion were observed using radiography, magnetic resonance imaging, and arthroscopy. Age, BMI, training intensity, length of training, and knee hyperextension were identified as risk factors for accumulated ACL damage.

Conclusion

This study suggests that accumulated ACL damage has differentiated clinical symptoms, imaging features, and risk factors compared to common ACL injuries.
Phenology‐regulated defence mechanisms as drivers for Fusarium basal rot in onion (Allium cepa)
Authors: Le Dung , Ameye Maarten , Landschoot Sofie , Audenaert Kris , Haesaert Geert
Published: April 2022

Fusarium basal rot (FBR), caused by Fusarium spp., is a serious impediment for onion production. In the present study, the interaction of onion (Allium cepa) var. Takstar F1 with Allium‐derived isolates of the toxigenic species F. oxysporum and F. proliferatum was investigated at seedling and bulb stage. Using a set of isolates with distinct virulence profiles, we provide evidence that the outcome of FBR is driven by the phenology of onion. Reverse transcription‐quantitative PCR analysis revealed distinct expression of reliable marker genes for phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL1, PAL2), lipoxygenase (LOX2), chalcone synthase (CHS), anthocyanidin synthase (ANS) and pectin methylesterases (PME) during the infection of seedlings and bulbs. These defence‐related genes in seedlings were differentially expressed depending on the aggressiveness of Fusarium isolates. Despite these differential kinetics, the activated plant defence did not seem to be effective in protecting the seedlings from Fusarium infection and proliferation. Meanwhile, gene expression in the bulb organs correlated positively with FBR severity, indicating an ineffective defence response. Among the major metabolites of these Fusarium species, beauvericin was not toxic to either the seedlings or the bulbs, while fumonisin B1 appeared to be a virulence factor specific for the seedling stage. This points to differential roles of fumonisin B1 during an infection of F. proliferatum depending on the infected organ and the phenological stage of the onion host. We hypothesize that this variation, along with the differences within and between Fusarium species in terms of virulence and metabolism, contributes to the determination of disease outcome.
Conditional stimulus choices affect fear learning: Comparing fear conditioning with neutral faces and shapes or angry faces
Authors: Ney Luke J. , Luck Camilla C. , Waters Allison M. , Lipp Ottmar V.
Published: April 2022

Past fear conditioning studies have used different types of conditional stimuli (CSs). Whether this choice affects learning outcomes in particular when neutral stimuli (e.g., neutral faces vs. shapes) are used is unclear. Data were aggregated across nine studies using an electric shock unconditional stimulus to test for differences in acquisition and extinction of electrodermal responses and self‐reported CS pleasantness when CSs were neutral faces or shapes (Experiment 1, N = 594) and when CSs were angry or neutral faces (Experiment 2, N = 157). Reliable electrodermal conditioning was observed in all stimulus conditions. We found stronger differential conditioning in electrodermal second interval responses and CS pleasantness and more pronounced extinction in CS pleasantness for neutral shape than neutral face CSs, but no differences in electrodermal first interval responses, the most frequently reported index of fear conditioning. For angry and neutral face CSs, there were no differences during acquisition, but the extinction of first and second interval electrodermal conditioning to angry faces was retarded relative to neutral faces. Acquisition of differential CS pleasantness, which was reliably observed for neutral face CSs, was absent for angry face CSs. The current results suggest that fear conditioning with a neutral face and shape CSs yields broadly similar results with differences limited to second interval electrodermal responses and CS pleasantness ratings. Using angry face CSs resulted in impaired extinction of electrodermal indices and no differential CS pleasantness ratings and should only be considered in studies designed to address questions about these specific CS materials.
Reassessing the systematics of Leptodeira (Serpentes, Dipsadidae) with emphasis in the South American species
Authors: Costa João C. L. , Graboski Roberta , Grazziotin Felipe G. , Zaher Hussam , Rodrigues Miguel T. , Prudente Ana Lúcia da C.
Published: April 2022

Within the diverse subfamily Dipsadinae, Imantodini represents one of the few groups distributed in North, Central and South America. The tribe comprises the genera Leptodeira and Imantodes, from which Leptodeira is the most diverse, including 15 species and 11 subspecies, distributed from southern USA to central Argentina. Taxonomy and affinities among these taxa are poorly resolved, and the phylogenetic relationships among the South American diversity were never properly assessed before. Here, we investigate the phylogenetic relationships and the taxonomic status of Leptodeira spp. based on a comprehensive multilocus dataset with emphasis in the South American radiation. Besides assessing the phylogenetic relationship and species cohesion, we also evaluate the morphological variation among the South American diversity of Leptodeira. Our results support the monophyly of Imatodini and Leptodeira, while indicating that several individuals classified as Leptodeira annulata and L. septentrionalis do not cluster together within their respective species. Moreover, specimens identified as belonging to the subspecies L. a. annulata, L. a. cussiliris, L. s. ornata and L. s. polysticta do not group together suggesting the current classification includes non‐natural groups. The analysis of morphological evidence also supports the phylogenetics results, indicating that several clades can be recognized as evolutionary units presenting distinct phenotypes. To equate the taxonomy to our results, we propose a new taxonomic arrangement for Leptodeira in which we are: (1) redefining the composition of L. annulata and L. septentrionalis; (2) elevating five subspecies to species level; (3) revalidating one species; (4) recognizing four species complexes; and (5) indicating the presence of hidden diversity (probably four undescribed species). Finally, we describe a new species (Leptodeira tarairiu sp. nov.) from the open formations of South America (Cerrado and Caatinga), and we provide detailed redescriptions for all South American species of Leptodeira.
Moving from consultation to co-creation with knowledge users in scoping reviews: guidance from the JBI Scoping Review Methodology Group
Authors: Pollock Danielle , Alexander Lyndsay , Munn Zachary , Peters Micah D.J. , Khalil Hanan , Godfrey Christina M. , McInerney Patricia , Synnot Anneliese , Tricco Andrea C.
Published: April 2022

Knowledge user consultation is often limited or omitted in the conduct of scoping reviews. Not including knowledge users within the conduct and reporting of scoping reviews could be due to a lack of guidance or understanding about what consultation requires and the subsequent benefits. Knowledge user engagement in evidence synthesis, including consultation approaches, has many associated benefits, including improved relevance of the research and better dissemination and implementation of research findings. Scoping reviews, however, have not been specifically focused on in terms of research into knowledge user consultation and evidence syntheses. In this paper, we will present JBI's guidance for knowledge user engagement in scoping reviews based on the expert opinion of the JBI Scoping Review Methodology Group. We offer specific guidance on how this can occur and provide information regarding how to report and evaluate knowledge user engagement within scoping reviews. We believe that scoping review authors should embed knowledge user engagement into all scoping reviews and strive towards a co-creation model.
El plato de Sopa
Authors:   Universidad de Salamanca, Dacosta Arsenio
Published: April 2022

Llegué a Cuba a principios de diciembre de 2016. Acaba de morir Fidel Castro, y su urna funeraria y motorizada todavía no había alcanzado Santiago. La venta de bebidas alcohólicas seguía prohibida, y la edición del Granma del 26 de noviembre se había convertido ya en objeto de coleccionista. En La Habana, la gente no especulaba con la situación política, y menos ante un español recién llegado. Mientras esperaba que me contactara mi gatekeeper particular, entretenía los días con largos paseos y agradecía la amabilidad de mi hospedadora. (...)
A review of Charletonia Oudemans (Trombidiformes: Erythraeidae) based on the larval stage
Authors: Hakimitabar Masoud , Saboori Alireza
Published: April 2022

The genus Charletonia is revised based on type specimens and other specimens from species and locations worldwide. A total of 86 species were identified and the genus was divided into three morpho-groups, and seven subgroups. The following synonymies were also made: C. braunsi and C. agatae as junior synonyms of C. kibonotensis; C. farajii as a junior synonym of C. shahriari; C. saboorii as a junior synonym of C. damavandica; C. dalegori as a junior synonym of C. nazeleae; C. bahaensis Kamran and Alatawi, 2014 as a junior synonym of C. krendowskyi (Feider, 1954); C. hunanensis Zheng, 1996 as a junior synonym of C. banksi Southcott, 1966 and C. lombokensis Haitlinger, 2006 as a junior synonym of C. okinawaensis (Kitahara & Takara, 1964). Also, tarsal chaetotactic maps are shown, leg chaetotaxy is discussed, and keys to species groups, subgroups, and species are included. We amended and provided new morphological data for 41 species. The holotype of C. farajii is considered as a neotype for C. shahriari.
Recovery During a Congested Schedule and Injury in Professional Football
Authors: Delaval Benoit , Abaïdia Abd-Elbasset , Delecroix Barthélémy , Le Gall Franck , McCall Alan , Ahmaidi Said , Dupont Gregory
Published: April 2022

Purpose: To analyze the relationships between the recovery kinetics experienced by professional football players and noncontact injury. Methods: A cohort of 46 professional football players (age 24.2 [4.7] y) from the same team (French Ligue 1) was monitored each day between matches when the team played twice a week. The recovery monitoring procedure was implemented after 38 matches and included some questionnaires: duration of sleep, Hooper scale (quality of sleep, level of stress, fatigue, and muscle soreness), perceived recovery status scale, creatine kinase concentrations, a countermovement jump, and an isometric force test. Noncontact injuries were collected during these periods. Results: Noncontact injuries were associated with perceived fatigue and muscle soreness 2 days (relative risk [RR] = 1.89 and 1.48, respectively) and 3 days following the matches (RR = 2.08 and 2.08, respectively). An increase of sleep quantity during the 2 nights following a match was significantly associated with a lower RR (RR = 0.65), as well as a lower decrement score on the isometric force test on each of the 3 days after the matches (RR = 0.97, RR = 0.99, and RR = 0.97, respectively). No other association was reported for the variables sleep quality, stress, perceived recovery, creatine kinase concentrations, countermovement jump, and noncontact injuries. Conclusion: During a congested schedule, implementing a recovery monitoring protocol including questionnaires about fatigue, muscle soreness, quantity of sleep, and a physical test of isometric force could help practitioners prevent injuries.
Food wanting is mediated by transient activation of dopaminergic signaling in the honey bee brain
Authors: Huang Jingnan , Zhang Zhaonan , Feng Wangjiang , Zhao Yuanhong , Aldanondo Anna , de Brito Sanchez Maria Gabriela , Paoli Marco , Rolland Angele , Li Zhiguo , Nie Hongyi , Lin Yan , Zhang Shaowu , Giurfa Martin , Su Songkun
Published: April 2022

The biological bases of wanting have been characterized in mammals, but whether an equivalent wanting system exists in insects remains unknown. In this study, we focused on honey bees, which perform intensive foraging activities to satisfy colony needs, and sought to determine whether foragers leave the hive driven by specific expectations about reward and whether they recollect these expectations during their waggle dances. We monitored foraging and dance behavior and simultaneously quantified and interfered with biogenic amine signaling in the bee brain. We show that a dopamine-dependent wanting system is activated transiently in the bee brain by increased appetite and individual recollection of profitable food sources, both en route to the goal and during waggle dances. Our results show that insects share with mammals common neural mechanisms for encoding wanting of stimuli with positive hedonic value.
First self-copying mRNA vaccine proves itself in pandemic trial
Authors: Cohen Jon
Published: April 2022

Twist on current vaccines reduces dose, eases distribution
Brassica napus Bacterial Assembly Processes Vary with Plant Compartment and Growth Stage but Not between Lines
Authors: Bell Jennifer K. , Mamet Steven D. , Helgason Bobbi , Siciliano Steven D.
Published: April 2022

In order to harness the microbiome for more sustainable crop production, we must first have a better understanding of microbial community assembly processes that occurring during plant development. This study examines the bacterial community assembly processes of the leaf, root, and rhizosphere of eight different lines of
Brassica napus
over the growing season.
Serological Follow-Up Study Indicates High Seasonal Coronavirus Infection and Reinfection Rates in Early Childhood
Authors: Kolehmainen Pekka , Heroum Jemna , Jalkanen Pinja , Huttunen Moona , Toivonen Laura , Marjomäki Varpu , Waris Matti , Smura Teemu , Kakkola Laura , Tauriainen Sisko , Peltola Ville , Julkunen Ilkka
Published: April 2022

The rapid spread of COVID-19 requires better knowledge on the rate of coronavirus infections and coronavirus specific antibody responses in different population groups. In this work we analyzed changes in seasonal human coronavirus specific antibodies in young children participating in a prospective 3-year serological follow-up study.
Occurrence of High Levels of Cefiderocol Resistance in Carbapenem-Resistant Escherichia coli before Its Approval in China: a Report from China CRE-Network
Authors: Wang Qi , Jin Longyang , Sun Shijun , Yin Yuyao , Wang Ruobing , Chen Fengning , Wang Xiaojuan , Zhang Yawei , Hou Jun , Zhang Yumei , Zhang Zhijie , Luo Liuchun , Guo Zhusheng , Li Zhenpeng , Lin Xin , Bi Lei , Wang Hui
Published: April 2022

Cefiderocol, a new siderophore cephalosporin, has been approved in the United States and Europe but not in China. At present, there are almost no antimicrobial susceptibility evaluation data on cefiderocol in China.
Edge and Bulk Transport in a Two-Dimensional Topological Insulator Based on a CdHgTe Quantum Well
Authors: Ryzhkov M. S. , Khudaiberdiev D. A. , Kozlov D. A. , Kvon Z. D. , Mikhailov N. N. , Dvoretsky S. A.
Published: April 2022

The transport response of a CdHgTe quantum well with a thickness of 11.5 nm is investigated. The behavior of the local and nonlocal resistance in the temperature range from 0.1 to 20 K is examined. It is shown that the system under study is a two-dimensional topological insulator. In comparison with traditional two-dimensional topological insulators implemented in 8-nm-thick HgTe quantum wells, the investigated one is characterized by a significantly smaller energy gap and, at the same time, a higher carrier mobility. The data are analyzed using computer simulations taking into account the actual geometry of the sample, as well as scattering between edge and bulk carrier states. It is shown that the backscattering probability of topological electrons within the edge states is nearly independent of temperature. In contrast, the probability of scattering from the edge channels into the bulk depends exponentially on the temperature, and fitting this dependence with a standard activation formula is the most accurate way to determine the mobility gap in the system under study. Even at the highest temperature, the probability of scattering between the counter-propagating states of the same edge exceeds the probability of scattering into the bulk by an order of magnitude. Therefore, this mechanism is dominant and determines the mean free path of edge electrons.
Composition of Peripheral Blood Leukocytes of Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha and Chum Salmon O. keta (Salmonidae) during the Marine Life Period
Authors: Gordeev I. I. , Balabanova L. V. , Suvorova T. A. , Mikryakov D. V.
Published: April 2022

In pink salmon Onchorhynchus gorbuscha and chum salmon O. keta lymphocytes predominate among leukocytes in the peripheral blood during the marine period of life. In both species eosinophils are absent, while in pink salmon basophils are also absent. The proportion of segmented neutrophils and the size of lymphocytes, monocytes, and stab neutrophils are lower in chum salmon than in pink salmon.
Physiological responses to cuddling babies with hypoxic–ischaemic
encephalopathy during therapeutic hypothermia: an observational
study
Authors: Odd David , Okano Satomi , Ingram Jenny , Blair Peter S , Billietop Amiel , Fleming Peter J , Thoresen Marianne , Chakkarapani Ela
Published: April 2022

Objectives

To determine whether parents cuddling infants during therapeutic
hypothermia (TH) would affect cooling therapy, cardiorespiratory or
neurophysiological measures. The secondary aim was to explore
parent–infant bonding, maternal postnatal depression and
breastfeeding.

Design

Prospective observational study.

Setting

Two tertiary neonatal intensive care units (NICU).

Participants

Parents and their term-born infants (n=27) receiving TH and
intensive care for neonatal hypoxic–ischaemic encephalopathy.

Interventions

Cuddling up to 2 hours during TH using a standard operating
procedure developed in the study (CoolCuddle).

Main outcome measures

Mean difference in temperature, cardiorespiratory and
neurophysiological variables before, during and after the cuddle.
Secondary outcomes were parental bonding, maternal postnatal depression
and breastfeeding.

Results

During 70 CoolCuddles (115 cumulative hours), there were measurable
increases in rectal temperature (0.07°C (0.03 to 0.10)) and upper margin
of amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram (1.80 µV (0.83 to 2.72))
and decreases in oxygen saturations (−0.57% (−1.08 to −0.05)) compared
with the precuddle period. After the cuddle, there was an increase in
end-tidal CO2 (0.25 kPa (95% CI 0.14 to 0.35)) and
mean blood pressure (4.09 mm Hg (95% CI 0.96 to 7.21)) compared with the
precuddle period. From discharge to 8 weeks postpartum, maternal
postnatal depression declined (13 (56.5%) vs 5 (23.8%), p=0.007);
breastfeeding rate differed (71% vs 50%, p=0.043), but was higher than
national average at discharge (70% vs 54.6%) and mother–infant bonding
(median (IQR): 3 (0–6) vs 3 (1–4)) remained stable.

Conclusion

In this small study, CoolCuddle was associated with clinically
non-significant, but measurable, changes in temperature,
cardiorespiration and neurophysiology. No infant met the criteria to
stop the cuddles or had any predefined adverse events. CoolCuddle may
improve breastfeeding and requires investigation in different NICU
settings.
Novel predictive role for mid-regional proadrenomedullin in moderate to severe aortic stenosis
Authors: Tan Eugene S J , Oon Yen Yee , Chan Siew Pang , Liew Oi Wah , Chong Jenny P C , Tay Edgar , Soo Wern Miin , Yip James W L , Gong Lingli , Lunaria Josephine B , Yong Quek Wei , Lee Evelyn Min , Yeo Daniel P S , Ding Zee Pin , Tang Hak Chiaw , Ewe See Hooi , Chin Calvin C W , Chai Siang Chew , Goh Ping Ping , Ling Lee Fong , Ong Hean Yee , Richards A Mark , Ling Lieng Hsi
Published: April 2022

Objective

We investigated the prognostic significance of selected known and novel circulating biomarkers in aortic stenosis (AS).

Methods

N-terminal pro-BNP (NT-proBNP), high-sensitivity troponin-T (hsTnT), growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), suppression of tumorigenicity-2 (ST2), mid-regional proadrenomedullin (MR-proADM) and mid-regional proatrial natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP) were measured in patients with moderate to severe AS, New York Heart Association (NYHA) class I-II and left ventricular ejection fraction ≥50%, recruited consecutively across five centres from 2011 to 2018. Their ability to predict both primary (all-cause mortality, heart failure hospitalisation or progression to NYHA class III-IV) and secondary (additionally incorporating syncope and acute coronary syndrome) outcomes was determined by competing risk analyses.

Results

Among 173 patients with AS (age 69±11 years, 55% male, peak transaortic velocity (Vmax) 4.0±0.8 m/s), the primary and secondary outcomes occurred in 59 (34%) and 66 (38%), respectively. With aortic valve replacement as a competing risk, the primary outcome was determined consistently by the comorbidity index and each selected biomarker except ST2 (p<0.05), independent of NYHA class, Vmax, LV-global longitudinal strain and serum creatinine. MR-proADM had the highest discriminative value for both primary (subdistribution HR (SHR) 11.3, 95% CI 3.9 to 32.7) and secondary outcomes (SHR 12.6, 95% CI 4.7 to 33.5). Prognostic assessment of dual-biomarker combinations identified MR-proADM plus either hsTnT or NT-proBNP as the best predictive model for both clinical outcomes. Paired biomarker models were not superior to those including MR-proADM as the sole circulating biomarker.

Conclusion

MR-proADM most powerfully portended worse prognosis and should be further assessed as possibly the biomarker of choice for risk stratification in AS.
COVID-19 associated phrenic nerve mononeuritis: a case series
Authors: Law Sheonagh MacPhail , Scott Kathryn , Alkarn Ahmed , Mahjoub Aisha , Mallik Arup K , Roditi Giles , Choo-Kang Brian
Published: April 2022

This study characterised the hemidiaphragm elevation on 3-month interval chest X-rays (CXRs) of patients post COVID-19 pneumonia. 467 CXRs were screened; 19 (4.1%) had an elevated hemidiaphragm. There were 15 (3.2%) patients of interest with new hemidiaphragm elevation, persisting on average 7 months post COVID-19 diagnosis. Symptomatic patients underwent diaphragm ultrasound (n=12), pulmonary function test (n=10), muscle function test (n=6) and neurophysiology (n=5), investigating phrenic nerve function. Ultrasound demonstrated reduced/paradoxical diaphragmatic movements in eight; four of eight had reduced thickening fraction. Neurophysiology peripheral limb studies did not support the differential diagnoses of critical illness neuropathy/myopathy. We propose that, in selected patients, COVID-19 may cause phrenic nerve mononeuritis.
Masked Transformer for Image Anomaly Localization
Authors: De Nardin Axel , Mishra Pankaj , Foresti Gian Luca , Piciarelli Claudio
Published: April 2022

Image anomaly detection consists in detecting images or image portions that are visually different from the majority of the samples in a dataset. The task is of practical importance for various real-life applications like biomedical image analysis, visual inspection in industrial production, banking, traffic management, etc. Most of the current deep learning approaches rely on image reconstruction: the input image is projected in some latent space and then reconstructed, assuming that the network (mostly trained on normal data) will not be able to reconstruct the anomalous portions. However, this assumption does not always hold. We thus propose a new model based on the Vision Transformer architecture with patch masking: the input image is split in several patches, and each patch is reconstructed only from the surrounding data, thus ignoring the potentially anomalous information contained in the patch itself. We then show that multi-resolution patches and their collective embeddings provide a large improvement in the model’s performance compared to the exclusive use of the traditional square patches. The proposed model has been tested on popular anomaly detection datasets such as MVTec and head CT and achieved good results when compared to other state-of-the-art approaches.
Epileptic Seizure Prediction Using Deep Neural Networks Via Transfer Learning and Multi-Feature Fusion
Authors: Yu Zuyi , Albera Laurent , Le Bouquin Jeannes Regine , Kachenoura Amar , Karfoul Ahmad , Yang Chunfeng , Shu Huazhong
Published: April 2022

Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological diseases, which can seriously affect the patient’s psychological well-being and quality of life. An accurate and reliable seizure prediction system can generate alarm before epileptic seizures to provide patients and their caregivers with sufficient time to take appropriate action. This study proposes an efficient seizure prediction system based on deep learning in order to anticipate the onset of the seizure as early as possible. Handcrafted features extracted based on the prior knowledge and hidden deep features are complementarily fused through the feature fusion module, and then the hybrid features are fed into the multiplicative long short-term memory (MLSTM) to explore the temporal dependency in EEG signals. A one-dimensional channel attention mechanism is implemented to emphasize the more representative information in the multi-channel output of the MLSTM. Finally, a transfer learning strategy is proposed to transfer the weights of the base model trained on the EEG data of all patients to the target patient model, and the latter is then continuously trained using the EEG data of the target patient. The proposed method achieves an average sensitivity of 95.56% and a false positive rate (FPR) of 0.27/h on the SWEC-ETHZ intracranial EEG data. For the more challenging CHB-MIT scalp EEG database, an average sensitivity of 89.47% and a FPR of 0.34/h are obtained. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method has good robustness and generalization ability in both intracranial and scalp EEG signals.
Thermosolutal convection of a sloshing wavy rod in a partial layer porous cavity mobilized by a nanofluid
Authors: Alsedias Noura , Raizah Zehba , Aly Abdelraheem M.
Published: April 2022

This work discusses the dual diffusion of a sloshing wavy rod in a nanofluid-filled cavity. The top zone of a cavity is suspended by a porous medium. The boundary treatment in the ISPH method employs a kernel renormalization function. The wavy rod sloshes by an excitation frequency [Formula: see text] and it carries [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The rigid cavity walls are fixed, adiabatic (horizontal walls), and [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] (vertical walls). The measurements of pertinent parameters are the Soret number ([Formula: see text] Sr [Formula: see text]), nanoparticles parameter ([Formula: see text]), Rayleigh number ([Formula: see text] Ra [Formula: see text]), sinusoidal function ([Formula: see text]), Dufour number ([Formula: see text] Du [Formula: see text]), a slope angle of a magnetic field ([Formula: see text]), Hartmann number ([Formula: see text]), and Darcy parameter ([Formula: see text] Da [Formula: see text]). The performed simulations revealed that the nanofluid flow is accelerated by the Sort number, the sloshing of the rod, and the sinusoidal wavy of the rod. Besides, the dual convection is enhanced by the sinusoidal wavy function and the sloshing of the rod. There is almost no nanofluid flow in a top porous zone of a cavity when Da [Formula: see text].
AIR POLLUTION AND OUTWARD FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT — A CROSS-COUNTRY EMPIRICAL STUDY
Authors: HUANG JR-TSUNG , HSU HE-SHUN
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this study is to examine the role of air pollution in foreign direct investment (FDI) outflows. Using PM[Formula: see text] concentration as an index of air pollution and a panel data of 102 economies from 2011 to 2020, several specifications of a dynamic panel spatial autoregressive model justified by several diagnostic tests and that considers the potential endogeneity problem have been estimated. The primary finding is that air pollution has a positive impact on a country’s FDI outflows. It is also found that air pollution is a more important and robust factor affecting outward investment than the effective corporate tax rate, political risk and the level of economic development. Moreover, outward FDI exhibits a positive spatial dependence among countries and regions and has a positive dynamic process. All these conclusions are consistent with our expectations and are robust for different model specifications.
Anisotropic quintessence charged strange stars in Rastall–Maxwell gravity
Authors: Salako Ines G. , Boko Rachidi , Baffou Etienne , Arouko M. Z.
Published: April 2022

In this work, we investigate the Rastall–Maxwell theory around the strange quark matter (SQM) in the presence of a quintessence field and a quintessence dark energy having a characteristic parameter [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text]. The SQM is governed by the simplified MIT bag model equation of state: [Formula: see text], with [Formula: see text] the bag constant, in the presence of a load distribution given by [Formula: see text]. We find some solutions by using the modified Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff (TOV) equation in the framework of Rastall gravity. We investigate the energy condition, the mass–radius relation, modified TOV equation, redshift and the stability of the system is checked by exploring the adiabatic index, the compactification factor and the causality condition for verifying the physical consistency of our model. We notify that for physical values of Rastall parameter, the stellar system is more massive compared to its size. Hence, it is revealed that the alternative Rastall theory is appropriate to explain the behavior of massive stellar objects. The presence of dark energy motivates us to consider that the existing strange stars are a mixture of both ordinary matter and quintessence matter in different proportions. The incorporation of quintessence matter with the real one describes the well-known SQM.
Active Learning Algorithm Based on Fast Optimization of Support Vectors
Authors: Xu Hailong , Li Longyue , Guo Pengsong
Published: April 2022

For the solution to the problems of being difficult to gain mass class-labeled samples in the supervised learning process and of reducing the cost of data labeling, a fast optimization of support vectors based on convex hull vector is proposed with the learning mechanism of Support Vector Machine (SVM). By means of calculating the hull vectors of the sample set, label those chosen hull vectors that are largest possible to be support vectors, and also add the unlabeled samples with high confidence coefficient of classifiers to the training sample set. The very information beneficial to the learner in the unlabeled samples set will be exploited. Hence, the thick convex hull method and the modified weighted SVM are separately directed for the nonlinear separable problem and the unbalanced training sample set. Via experimental testing on the UCI data set, the results demonstrate that the algorithm harvests SVM classifiers of higher classification accuracy and better generalization performance with fewer labeled samples, so as to cut down the labeling cost of samples for SVM training and learning.
Boosting the Quality Factor of the Shadow Bandpass Filter
Authors: Buakaew Seangrawee , Wongtaychatham Chariya
Published: April 2022

This paper proposes a new method to increase the quality factor of the shadow bandpass filter. The proposed circuit topology is simple, with the use of conventional biquad cell along with external amplifiers. The major advantageous feature is that the quality factor of the filter is boosted up whereas the gain of the external amplifier is significantly reduced. Moreover, the presented idea can be applied to the shadow filter in both current and voltage modes. The proposed scheme is justified via circuit performance. The performance is compared with the previous research works in the same arena. The results show that a feedback signal and a properly chosen gain incredibly boost up the quality factor of the shadow bandpass filter. Simulations by PSpice using 0.18-[Formula: see text]m CMOS-level parameters confirm the validity of the proposed work.
A Möbius invariant discretization of O’Hara’s Möbius energy
Authors: Blatt Simon , Ishizeki Aya , Nagasawa Takeyuki
Published: April 2022

We introduce a new discretization of O’Hara’s Möbius energy. In contrast to the known discretizations of Simon and Kim and Kusner it is invariant under Möbius transformations of the surrounding space. The starting point for this new discretization is the cosine formula of Doyle and Schramm. We then show [Formula: see text]-convergence of our discretized energies to the Möbius energy.
Impact of Micromechanical Approaches on Wave Propagation of FG Plates via Indeterminate Integral Variables with a Hyperbolic Secant Shear Model
Authors: Ellali Mokhtar , Bouazza Mokhtar , Zenkour Ashraf M.
Published: April 2022

The aim of this paper is to analyze the impacts of micromechanical approaches on the wave propagation of a functionally graded (FG) plate via indeterminate integral variables with hyperbolic secant shear displacement models. This model is established based on a high-order theory and a new displacement field with four unknowns introducing indeterminate integral variables with a secant hyperbolic shear function. Six micromechanical approaches are applied to approximate the effective material properties of an FG plate, namely Voigt’s model, Reuss’ model, Hashin–Shtrikman’s lower, and upper bound models, Tamura’s model, and the LRVE model. The volume fractions are supposed to change corresponding to the power-law and sigmoid. By applying Hamilton’s principle, general formulae of the wave propagation were obtained to get the wave modes and phase velocity curves of wave propagation in FG plates, with the impact of Voigt’s, Reuss’, Hashin–Shtrikman’s bounds, Tamura’s, and LRVE explicit micromechanical models.
Catch-Up in Solar PV Industry of China: A Perspective of Industrial Innovation Ecosystem
Authors: Ge Shuang , Liu Xielin
Published: April 2022

This study explores how China’s solar photovoltaic (PV) industry can catch up so rapidly without radical technological innovation. Through the grounded theory method, we found it was the industrial innovation ecosystem construction and industrial innovation ecological relationship maintenance that made China’s solar PV industry gain competitive advantages. From the perspective of the industrial innovation ecosystem, clustering and colocation provided a foundation for industrial innovation ecosystem construction. China’s solar PV enterprises maintain the ecological relationship among the actors of the industrial innovation ecosystem through several ecological strategies, including resource orchestration and co-opetition. Hub firms played an important role in overcoming the liability of newness and putting forward the vision of shared fate in the early stage of industry development. Local governments and industry associations provided institutional support, coordination, and intermediary to enterprises.
Analytical field equation and wave function solutions of the Bianchi type I universe in vacuum f(R) gravity
Authors: Obaidullah U. , Jamal Sameerah , Shabbir Ghulam
Published: April 2022

It has been proposed that f(R) gravity is a viable proxy for General Relativity and a means for an alternative to dark energy. Within this context, we present the analytical solutions to the Bianchi type I universe. For this spacetime, the Killing and homothetic vector fields categorize the space into fourteen classes. Noether’s theorem is used to determine the first integrals associated with each isometry for every class and we use the geometry of the Noether point symmetries of the space to establish potential functions. We also quantize the Lagrangian of the spacetime to derive the Wheeler–DeWitt equation and successively determine invariant solutions for the wave function of the universe from the Lie point symmetries admitted by the equation. Finally, for all cases, exact classical solutions to the field equations are found.