bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relationship of Social Capital and Psychological Capital with the Organizational Performance of the Staff at Jiroft University of Medical Sciences
Authors: Rajabizade Saeed , Salajeghe Tezerji Javad , Salajeghe Sanjar , Hasanzadeh Tabrizi Masomeh , Pouraskari Mohammad Ali
Published: October 2024

Background: The main goal of all organizations is to improve organizational performance and achieve development and excellence. The most important factor contributing to this goal is the cohesion of social capital. The stability or cohesion of the social capital is achieved through a positive psychological state. As medical universities play a vital role in the health system, they always need development, dynamism, and optimization of organizational performance. To this end, the present study sought to investigate the relationship of social capital and psychological capital with organizational performance at Jiroft University of Medical Sciences. Methods: The data in this descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study were collected using the questionnaires developed by Felício et al and Luthans et al. The participants (n=250) were selected from the staff working at Jiroft University of Medical Sciences using multi-stage random cluster sampling and the Cochran formula. Data were analyzed using Anderson and Gerbin’s two-step approach. Results: The data revealed that psychological capital had a significant positive relationship with social capital and organizational performance. Moreover, social capital had a significant, positive, and incremental relationship with organizational performance. In addition, psychological capital had an indirect and incremental relationship with organizational performance through social capital. In other words, psychological capital indirectly improves organizational performance by increasing social capital. Conclusion: The findings from the present study suggested that psychological capital had a significant positive effect on social capital, confirming the mediating role of social capital in the relationship between psychological capital and organizational performance.
Clinical, Laboratory, and Demographic Factors Contributing to COVID-19 Mortality Risk
Authors: Zahedi Atefeh , Makvandi Zeinab , Rostami Masoumeh , Najafi Zahra , Khazaei Salman , Salehi Iraj
Published: October 2024

Background: This study aimed to identify COVID-19 mortality risk factors and relevant laboratory markers to inform prevention and treatment strategies. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Iran, involving 1561 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 between 2019 and 2021. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected from hospital records and analyzed using a logistic regression model. Results: The mortality rate attributed to COVID-19 in this study was 24.7%. Identified risk factors for mortality included intubation, multiple chronic conditions, liver or kidney disease or cancer, low RBC levels, and abnormal creatinine (Cr) levels. The adjusted odds ratios (adjOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for these factors were as follows: intubation (70.75, 14.07:355.84), concurrent chronic diseases (24.29, 3.25:181.24), liver or kidney disease or cancer (5.13, 1.21:21.81), low RBC levels (5.21, 1.24:21.79), and abnormal Cr levels (5.09, 1.21:21.43). Conclusion: The findings from this study indicated that several factors, including intubation, multiple chronic conditions, liver or kidney disease or cancer, and low Cr levels were associated with a higher risk of death from COVID-19. These results highlight the significance of continuous monitoring and specialized care for patients exhibiting these risk factors to reduce the risk of COVID-19 mortality.
Systemic Amyloidosis Presenting as Budd-Chiari Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Lodha Naman , Bhat K S Samarth , Mathur Kartikeya , Verma Vikrant , Rajagopal Rengarajan , Lal Birda Chhagan , Agarwal Ashish
Published: October 2024

Background: Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) is characterized by hepatic venous outflow tract obstruction and is commonly associated with an underlying hypercoagulable state. Systemic amyloidosis is a disorder characterized by systemic deposition of misfolded proteins leading to end organ damage. Amyloidosis is commonly associated with coagulation abnormalities, mainly leading to increased bleeding diathesis. Here, we report a case of amyloid light chain (AL) amyloidosis presenting as BCS. A 40-year-old man presented with abdominal distension along with anorexia and weight loss. On evaluation, he had severe hypoalbuminemia, raised alkaline phosphatase, and non-visualization of hepatic veins on abdominal imaging. Further evaluation confirmed the diagnosis of AL amyloidosis with renal, cardiac, and hepatic involvement. AL amyloidosis rarely can present with BCS. A high index of suspicion is needed as symptoms can be variable and non-specific.
PRINCIPLES FOR PREPARATION OF GROUND AND DESIGN MODELS RELATED TO ROCK MASSES IN THE LIGHT OF THE SECOND GENERATION OF EUROCODE 7
Authors: Jovanovski Milorad , Peševski Igor , Br. Papić Jovan
Published: October 2024

The article gives elements of methodology for preparation of ground models related to rock masses in the light of the second generation of Eurocode 7 (EC7 2025). The goal is to present state of the art in this field and to discuss procedures in ground modelling for typical rock engineering problems. Proposed methodology is based on earlier knowledge in preparation of engineering geological and geotechnical models developed in Yugoslavia, modified and adopted to newer recomendations in the EC7 2025. Preparation of Ground and Geotechnical Design Model shall be based on results from geotechnical investigations necessary in succesful definiton of Geotechnical Categories (GC) based on a combination of Consequence Class (CC) and Geotechnical Complexity Class (GCC). Practical illustration is done through presentation of several case histories for different types of structures constructed in rock mass media along Macedonian road network or hydrotechnical projects. Some open questions that can be a starting point for further developments are also mentioned.
SPECIFICITY OF FOUNDATION OF SOLAR PANELS
Authors: Ribić Nedžad , Hodžić Mersudin , Zekan Sabid
Published: October 2024

Considering that the expansion of the construction of solar power plants in the world, Bosnia and Herzegovina tends to follow the global trend in the construction of solar power plants, that is, to provide as much electricity as possible from renewable sources. One of the solar power plants in the Tuzla Canton was built by the company Deling doo at the location of Bosanska poljana. The terrain represents an alluvial plain, a flat part of the relief that was created by the work and accumulation action of the Jala river. The morphological conditions of the locality in question are relatively favorable due to the plain character of the vast alluvial plain, the average altitude of about 190.00 m above sea level. The foundation of the solar panels requires a bearing capacity for uprooting from the wind, that is, the load on the ground can be variable in the vertical direction, in extreme situations the uprooting force from the wind is significantly greater than the gravitational force of the solar panels. Considering that it is a terrain where the effect of the Jala river is very pronounced, it was necessary to propose an adequate way of foundation of the solar panels in order to meet the stated conditions. The paper shows the way in which the depth of the panel foundation was determined, that is, the experimental determination of the depth of the load-bearing soil.
CALCULATION OF BEARING CAPACITY AND SUBSIDENCE OF INITIAL EMBAY IN IN REK “OSLOMEJ” - KICHEVO, R. NORTH MACEDONIA
Authors: Abazi Sead , Velovski Aco , Suloodja Bulent
Published: October 2024

This paper presents the geomechanical conditions for the construction of a landfill for ash and slag in REK Oslomej - Kicevo, R. North Macedonia. In this context, geotechnical investigation works and laboratory tests on the construction site, as well as the research and test methodology, are presented, and the obtained results are given in the form of appropriate graphic attachments, tabular views and diagrams. In the second part of the paper, an analysis of the geomechanical conditions for the performance of the ash and slag landfill is made, referring to the conditions for the performance of the projected initial embankments. Several aspects have been analyzed, i.e. the bearing capacity of the base constructed from tailings materials which are characterized by relatively low values of the strength and deformable parameters, forecast subsidence of the base, the possibility of underfoot sliding on the slopes of the embankments, as well as technical conditions for the construction of the embankments themselves. It should be noted that all analyzes are made with assumed values of the material to be incorporated in the embankments, which should be quantitatively and qualitatively defined after the selection of the location for the loan. However, it is appreciated that these analyzes will make their own contribution and will realistically show the expected situation during exploitation of the landfill.
Adaptación transcultural de la Escala de Importancia-Satisfacción con la Información para los Pacientes con Cáncer y su aplicación en el contexto colombiano
Authors: De la Cruz Acosta Sara Melissa , Sánchez Pedraza Ricardo , Cuéllar Rivera Diana Isabel , Valdelamar Jimenez Adriana , Franco Rodriguez Mariana
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: la calidad de la información en salud recibida por los pacientes con cáncer y la satisfacción con esta se ha relacionado con: mejor calidad de vida, participación en la toma de decisiones, adherencia al tratamiento y capacidad de afrontamiento. La escala canadiense Cancer Patient Information Importance-Satisfaction Scale permite evaluar este constructo. El objetivo de esta investigación fue traducir y adaptar transculturalmente esta escala para su uso en Colombia.
Métodos: se solicitó y adquirió el permiso de una de las autoras del grupo desarrollador de la escala para la adaptación transcultural de esta y poder usarla en Colombia, proceso que siguió la metodología sugerida por la Organización Europea para la Investigación y Tratamiento del Cáncer (EORTC, según sus siglas en inglés), que incluye traducciones directas e inversas de la escala, adición de recomendaciones, revisión del proceso por una de las autoras del instrumento y prueba piloto en pacientes colombianos diagnosticados con cáncer, los cuales asistieron al Instituto Nacional de Cancerología.
Resultados: en la traducción directa del inglés al español se encontraron diferencias entre las versiones de los dos traductores en los ítems 6, 9 y 10 para los dos componentes de la escala, por lo que se concilió una versión final en un consenso entre ambos. La prueba piloto incluyó a 13 pacientes que expresaron dificultades para entender los términos «condición», «efectos secundarios del cáncer» y «servicios disponibles de orientación»; estos ítems se modificaron para mejorar su comprensión, sin alterar el sentido y la equivalencia de la escala original.
Conclusión: se obtuvo la versión en español colombiano de la «Escala de Importancia-Satisfacción con la Información para los Pacientes con Cáncer» para su posterior validación en la población colombiana.
DETECTION OF BOTULINUM TOXIN IN CANNED PRODUCTS
Authors:   Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine named after N. E. Bauman, Galiullin Albert Kamilovich , Krasovskaya Yulia Viktorovna ,   Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine named after N. E. Bauman, Mustafina Elmira Narimanovna ,   Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Magdeeva Elvira Adipovna ,   Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine named after N. E. Bauman
Published: October 2024

The aim of the work was to express the indication of the causative agent of botulism and its toxin in canned meat and dried fish. The strains of the causative agent of botulism were used in the work: 35 type A isolated from a human corpse; 16 type B isolated from feed barley, 231 type C and 153 type E isolated from fish. To maintain the reference strains of the causative agent of botulism, Kitta-Tarozzi medium was used, and the production of botulinum toxin was carried out on Hottinger medium and liquid peptone Martin. To solve the tasks at the first stage, the biological properties of various strains of the causative agent of botulism were studied. As a result of the conducted studies, it was found that when sowing strains of the causative agent of botulism on media with sugars, they ferment glucose and maltose with the formation of gas and acid, which correspond to biological properties. Experiments to detect botulinum toxin in food were carried out by contamination of canned meat and dried fish with the causative agent of botulism and its toxins. Studies have established that enzyme immunoassay can detect botulinum toxin in canned meat samples and dried fish. The sensitivity of the method depends on the concentration of the toxin in the products and the homology of immunoglobulins to individual serotypes of the causative agent of botulism. The minimum concentration of the toxin in the products captured in the ELISA was 0.000001 mg/ml. The reliability of ELISA correlates with the results of PH in mice. It should also be noted that when indicating botulinum toxin in products, bacteriological methods cannot be excluded to confirm the results of the study. Therefore, indications for the detection of botulinum toxin should be accompanied by the release of the pathogen itself.
ANALYSIS OF THE STRUCTURE OF KUZBASS HUNTING RESOURCES
Authors:   Kemerovo State University, Prosekov Alexander Yurievich
Published: October 2024

A wide range of issues of rational use of natural resources is the basis of environmental protection. The problems of biodiversity conservation, socio-economic and environmental optimization of land use, management of hunting use and much more are particularly acute. The purpose of this work is to assess the structure of hunting resources of the Kemerovo region – Kuzbass in terms of identifying trends in the development of the hunting industry. The object of the study is the hunting resources of the Kemerovo region–Kuzbass (Krapivinsky, Topkinsky, Tashtagolsky, Yurginsky, Leninsk-Kuznetsky, Tisulsky, Guryevsky, Yaysky, Tyazhinsky, Industrialnovsky, Chebulinsky, Mezhdurechensky, Belovsky, Novokuznetsk, Yashkinsky, Izhmorsky, Kemerovo, Mariinsky and Prokopyevsky administrative districts). Conducted research aimed at assessing the physical and geographical conditions of the formation and use of hunting resources, the main classes of the habitat of hunting animals, carried out habitat bonification, analyzed the structure of hunting resources and the directions of the existing use of hunting resources. The hunting resources of the Kemerovo region – Kuzbass are characterized by such trends as the growth of the number of ungulates, foxes and bears, the displacement of a number of local species by sable and mink, stable or growing numbers of the most plastic species. At the same time, a number of trends seem to be related more to the methodology of accounting works and their problems than to biological processes. So, of course, the practical disappearance of the wolf had a positive impact on the dynamics of ungulates and others, however, in parallel with this, the bear and fox actively multiplied, homeless and stray dogs moved into the grounds, whose predatory activity is quite comparable to that of a wolf. The possibility of a simultaneous virtually monotonous increase in the number of phytophages and predators requires additional study, including using modern methods to improve the accuracy of the credentials.
THE INFLUENCE OF SEEDING RATES AND SOWING DATES ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF SPRING RAPESEED IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE FOREST–STEPPE ZONE OF THE RSO - ALANIA
Authors:   Vladikavkaz Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Batsazova Taisiya Mamatovna
Published: October 2024

One of the main factors in the growth of feed production is the cultivation of the most productive varieties of forage crops. Annual grasses are cultivated to obtain green mass, silage haylage. They are characterized by a different growing season. Using these biological features and sowing crops at a certain time, it is possible to obtain a feed mass for a long period. The article presents the results of research on the influence of seeding rates and sowing dates on the productivity of spring rapeseed. The use of spring rapeseed in mowing and crop crops is considered as an environmentally friendly and effective way to increase the yield of green mass. Biological survival of plants with an increase in seeding rates from 1.2 to 3.6 million. germination of seeds decreased and averaged 77.4 – 71.9%. The seeding rate is 2.0 million. germinating seeds per hectare provided optimal density of herbage in all terms of sowing. The specified norms provided the actual density before harvesting – 1.4 million/ha. Biological characteristics of plants - leaf area, foliage and plant height were the best at a seeding rate of 2.0 million vsx. seeds per hectare. The analysis of crop data has shown the exceptional importance for the formation of high yields of spring rapeseed - early sowing dates. The optimal sowing period for spring rapeseed should be considered July 20 to August 20. It is better to harvest rapeseed for green fodder in the budding phase – the beginning of flowering, since during this period the feedability and feed value are much higher than in the later phases of the growing season.
INFLUENCE OF AGROMETEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS ON THE WEED COMPONENT IN THE AGROCENOSIS OF WINTER WHEAT IN THE FOOTHILL ZONE OF NORTH OSSETIA – ALANIA
Authors:   Vladikavkaz Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Shalygina Anna Alekseevna
Published: October 2024

Weeds are an ecological group of plants that has developed as a result of their growth together with cultivated plants in the process of continuous struggle with them. In order to successfully fight weeds, it is necessary to know their biological characteristics, classification, distribution and reproduction of weeds. The number of weeds does not always reflect the degree of their harmfulness, since it is largely determined by the power of development of the above-ground mass of weeds. Different types of weeds react differently to changes in the level of fertilizer, the method of basic tillage, the structure of crops and the rotation of crops in crop rotation. The advantage is given to those species for which all these changes are favorable and contribute to their growth, development and distribution in phytocenoses. In addition to them, weed species that have endurance and resistance to adverse environmental factors survive and maintain their population density. According to many scientists, the mass and number of weeds reflect different aspects of relationships in the community. The number shows the interaction in the surface layer of the soil, at a low altitude, as well as in the initial phases of development, and the mass of the weed component characterizes the coenotic relationships in the middle and upper tiers at later stages of development. The purpose of our research was the influence of agrometeorological conditions on the species composition, abundance, dry biomass and the ratio of biological and ecological groups of weeds in the winter wheat agrocenosis. Our research was carried out in 2017–2021. on the experimental experimental field of the SKNIIGPSh VSC RAS in the forest-steppe zone of the North Ossetia - Alania. The object of research was winter wheat variety Trio. The plot area is 100 m², repeated three times. This crop was part of a five-field soil-protective crop rotation. We have found that in the forest-steppe zone of North Ossetia - Alania, agrometeorological conditions largely affect the species composition, abundance and biomass of harmful weeds.
METHODOLOGY FOR CALCULATING THE DELIVERY OF GOODS BY IMPROVING THE TRANSPORT NETWORK
Authors:   Saratov State Technical University named after Gagarina Yu.A., Gamayunov Pavel Petrovich , Alekseev Sergey Alexandrovich ,   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N. I. Vavilov, Peskov Evgeniy Konstantinovich ,   Saratov State Technical University named after Gagarina Yu.A.
Published: October 2024

The purpose of the study is to develop a comprehensive methodology for calculating and testing it on the transportation of groupage cargoes in the cities of the Saratov region to confirm the reliability of the calculations. The methodology is necessary for the objective calculation of routes for the transportation of groupage cargo in the cities of the Saratov region. Materials and methods. The calculations of the organization of the transportation of groupage cargo were carried out according to the developed methodology. At the same time, data from trucking companies, wholesale depots, and the results of previous studies were used. The selection of the source material was carried out in three companies: Baikal-Service, Povolzhye-Express, and Komus. The experimental data were statistically processed in the AnyLogic program. Research results. The calculated values of new logistics routes for the transportation of groupage cargo by improving the transport network were compared with the results of the activities of the companies under study. The difference between the calculated and average actual values for all considered indicators exceeded 30%. Discussion and conclusion. By developing new tariffs for intracity and intercity delivery, optimizing the formula for calculating the new route, it was possible to increase profitability by 40%, which significantly increases both customer loyalty and the carrier's interest while increasing its own profit. The cost of transporting goods by road is constantly growing, against the backdrop of improving the organization of transportation. Only by exploring the transport network and solving new logistics problems can we optimize the pricing policy for the tariffs that are set by cargo owners. This leads to new ways of solving traffic routing, digitalization simplifies many processes, but without the human factor, when delivering long-distance traffic by cargo, everything is still indispensable.
THE RELEVANCE OF THE USE OF SPRINKLERS IN AREAS OF RISKY AGRICULTURE ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE SARATOV REGION
Authors:   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N.I. Vavilov, Solovyov Dmitry Alexandrovich , Kuznetsov Roman Evgenievich ,   LandshaftStroyServis LLC, Goryunov Dmitry Gennadievich ,   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N.I. Vavilov, Grepechuk Yuri Nikolaevich ,   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N.I. Vavilov
Published: October 2024

The Russian Federation has enormous potential for the development of agriculture. In addition, Russia has significant water resources, which are unevenly distributed throughout the country, which hinders the optimal development of agriculture. According to statistics, in 2022, about 50% of the agricultural land available in the Russian Federation is irrigated, and irrigated areas continue to grow. Irrigation of agricultural land is the most common and promising method of reclamation, aimed at providing plants with the required amount of nutrients, moisture and maintaining the optimal thermal and water-salt regime of soils. At the same time, it should be noted that a significant percentage of domestic agricultural land is located in the zone of risky farming, while the predominant part of fresh water resources suitable for irrigation is concentrated in non-agricultural areas, which entails a shortage of water for irrigation in agricultural regions. The presence of such a disproportion necessitates the saving of water resources during irrigation, which is achieved through the use of sprinklers. Irrigation with sprinkling machines is the most relevant for a number of other reasons: high productivity and quality of sprinkling; the possibility of full automation of the irrigation process; the ability to adapt to various soil and climatic conditions; the possibility of reverse movement during operation and movement without irrigation at idle; no need for a special field layout. The aim of the work was to analyze the climatic features of the Saratov region and the yield dynamics from 1987 to 2020 to justify the feasibility of using sprinklers to increase soil productivity. In the presented study, it was revealed that there is a direct relationship between the level of productivity of fodder, grain and vegetable melon crops and the number of sprinkler equipment, which indicates the need to develop a fleet of irrigation machines.
SEED VITALITY CONTROL OF ABROMA AUGUSTA (L.) L.f.
Authors:   Botanical Garden of the Samara National Research University named after acad. of S. P. Korolev, Roguleva Natalya Olegovna , Yankov Nikolay Viktorovich ,   Botanical Garden of the Samara National Research University named after acad. of S. P. Korolev
Published: October 2024

The article presents data on the functional and morphological parameters of Abroma augusta (L.) L.f. seeds, which were collected from 2014 to 2021. in the greenhouse of the Botanical Garden of Samara University. The collected seeds were stored in paper bags at room temperature. The length of the seeds was measured by the flatbed scanning method, which varied from 2.33 to 3.85 mm, the average length was 3.18 mm. The weight of 1000 seeds is characterized by the following range of values: from 4.2905 to 6.0385 g, the average weight of 1000 seeds over 8 years of research is 5.4404 g. habitat of this plant. Humidity was in the range of 4.94–10.16% for seeds stored for more than a year and 8.04% for freshly harvested. By the method of digital microfocus radiography, an express assessment of the quality of seeds was carried out. Seed fulfillment varied from 57.74 to 97.60%. No signs of pest infestation or seed damage were found. The seeds remained viable after 5–6 years of storage, laboratory germination varied from 8 to 46% depending on the storage period of the seeds. The first signs of seed germination appeared 2–4 days after sowing. The highest seed germination rate index was in the samples of 2015 and 2017. Seeds of Abroma augusta (L.) L.f., obtained in the greenhouse conditions of the Botanical Garden of Samara University, are viable and can be used for seed exchange with other botanical institutions.
DIAGNOSIS OF THE CAUSATIVE AGENT OF CRUCIFEROUS VASCULAR BACTERIOSIS BY DOT-IMMUNOANALYSIS
Authors:   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N. I. Vavilov, Kuznetsov Mikhail Andreevich , Shcherbakov Anatoly Anisimovich ,   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N. I. Vavilov, Larionova Olga Sergeevna ,   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N. I. Vavilov, Kireev Mikhail Nikolaevich ,   Russian Anti-Plague Institute "Microbe" of Rospotrebnadzor
Published: October 2024

In the presented work, the possibility of using the dot-immunoassay method for diagnosing the causative agent of cruciferous vascular bacteriosis is considered. The disease is characterized by harmfulness, and therefore the control of the contamination of agricultural lands and crop storages with it is of great economic importance. To solve this problem, highly specific hyperimmune rabbit serum was obtained on the basis of pathogen cell wall proteins. Since the species composition of the microflora found in farmland conditions is characterized by a wide variety of genera and species, an experimental assessment was made of the ability of the proposed serum and the method as a whole to detect the pathogen under conditions close to the field. For this, extracts of white cabbage plant leaves were prepared - experimental samples taken in the field and obtained from the distribution network, and control samples grown in laboratory conditions - then checked by dot-immunoassay. As a result, it was found that the diagnostic product has specificity sufficient to detect the causative agent of cruciferous vascular bacteriosis under conditions of contamination with non-target microflora and the presence of plant tissue cells, and the chosen method is suitable for creating individual and complex rapid test systems suitable for the needs of phytosanitary control of crop production. Due to the low cost of consumables, the simplicity of working methods and the possibility of automating the process, the proposed method can be effectively implemented into everyday practice to assess the condition of the crop arriving for storage - which will help reduce its losses, improve the quality of the goods sold and reduce labor costs and working time when laying vegetables to warehouses.
APPLICATION OF A GROWTH REGULATOR ON WINTER WHEAT CROPS IN THE FOREST-STEPPE ZONE OF THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH OSSETIA-ALANIA
Authors:   Vladikavkaz Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Shalygina Anna Alekseevna
Published: October 2024

Weeds are an ecological group of plants that has developed as a result of their growth together with cultivated plants in the process of continuous struggle with them. In order to successfully fight weeds, it is necessary to know their biological characteristics, classification, distribution and reproduction of weeds. The number of weeds does not always reflect the degree of their harmfulness, since it is largely determined by the power of development of the above-ground mass of weeds. Different types of weeds react differently to changes in the level of fertilizer, the method of basic tillage, the structure of crops and the rotation of crops in crop rotation. The advantage is given to those species for which all these changes are favorable and contribute to their growth, development and distribution in phytocenoses. In addition to them, weed species that have endurance and resistance to adverse environmental factors survive and maintain their population density. According to many scientists, the mass and number of weeds reflect different aspects of relationships in the community. The number shows the interaction in the surface layer of the soil, at a low altitude, as well as in the initial phases of development, and the mass of the weed component characterizes the coenotic relationships in the middle and upper tiers at later stages of development. The purpose of our research was the influence of agrometeorological conditions on the species composition, abundance, dry biomass and the ratio of biological and ecological groups of weeds in the winter wheat agrocenosis. Our research was carried out in 2017–2021. on the experimental experimental field of the SKNIIGPSh VSC RAS in the forest-steppe zone of North Ossetia - Alania The object of research was winter wheat variety Trio. The plot area is 100 m², repeated three times. This crop was part of a five-field soil-protective crop rotation. We have found that in the forest-steppe zone of North Ossetia - Alania, agrometeorological conditions largely affect the species composition, abundance and biomass of harmful weeds.
INCREASING THE PERFORMANCE PROPERTIES OF PLASTIC LUBRICANTS WITH GRAPHENE ADDITIVES
Authors:   All-Russian Research Institute for the Use of Equipment and Oil Products in Agriculture, Ostrikov Valery Vasilyevich , Nagdaev Vladimir Konstantinovich ,   All-Russian Research Institute for the Use of Equipment and Oil Products in Agriculture, Vyazinkin Victor Sergeevich ,   All-Russian Research Institute for the Use of Equipment and Oil Products in Agriculture, Safonov Valentin Vladimirovich ,   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N.I. Vavilov
Published: October 2024

It is known that commercial lubricants do not always meet high performance requirements in terms of their tribological characteristics. In particular, it was found that at high loads in worn mechanisms, Litol-24 grease does not always provide high anti-wear properties that help extend the service life of plain bearings. In order to improve the performance properties, studies were carried out on the modification of the lubricant with numerous graphenes and comparative tests were carried out on the MI-1M friction machine. The structure of the carbon film was determined by Raman scattering on a DXR Raman Microscope Thermo Scientific spectrometer. As a result of the research, it was found that the modification of the lubricant with graphenes makes it possible to form a film on the friction surface. At the same time, the wear of parts is reduced from 0.0138 mg on the Litol-24 commercial lubricant to 0.0079 on the graphene-modified lubricant. As a result of spectral analysis, it was determined that the spectrum of the carbon film contains approximately the same intensity G-line - 1565 cm-1 and D-line - 1340 cm-1 and a low-intensity 2D line - 2700 cm-1. This spectrum is identical to the Raman spectrum of amorphous carbon. In the spectrum from the metal surface of the roller, the listed lines of the Raman spectrum are absent. In the process of testing on a friction machine of Litol 24 plastic lubricant with multilayer graphene filler, the destruction of the graphene structure and its transformation into amorphous carbon is observed. As a result of determining the roughness of the roller and the thickness of the carbon film with a profilometer, it was found that the surface roughness with a carbon film is less compared to the clean metal surface of the roller: (0.176 - 0.168 = 0.008 μm) and (0.566 - 0.485 = 0.071 μm), the depth of the profile depressions on the surface with carbon film decreased by 0.116 µm. The height of the protrusions of the profile on the surface with the carbon film increased by 0.161 µm. At the same time, it was determined by calculation that the approximate thickness of the carbon film is 0.138 μm. On the basis of the conducted studies, it can be argued that the modification of Litol-24 commercial lubricant with graphenes contributes to the formation of a protective anti-wear film on the friction surface, thereby reducing wear and increasing the service life of machine parts.
INCREASING THE LATERAL STABILITY MARGIN OF THE VEHICLE BY IMPROVING THE SUSPENSION CONSTRUCTION
Authors:   Saratov State Technical University named after Gagarina Yu.A., Gamayunov Pavel Petrovich , Alekseev Sergey Alexandrovich ,   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N.I. Vavilov, Gamayunov Alexey Mikhailovich ,   Giproniigaz JSC, Igitov Shamil Magomedovich ,   Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University (Makhachkala branch)
Published: October 2024

The purpose of the study is to develop a suspension design for an energy-saturated heavy-duty vehicle that allows for an increased margin of lateral stability. Transportation work can account for up to half of the total cost of energy and production time. In cargo transportation, vehicles with high energy saturation are increasingly used. At the same time, it is always important to ensure road safety, including through the use of new technologies, materials, and structures. Worldwide, road traffic crashes are one of the leading causes of death and disability. The source of a vehicle accident can be loss of stability and, as a result, its rollover. The article considers the design of the vehicle suspension, designed to increase the lateral stability margin. A general view of the vehicle with the proposed suspension is given, listing the main components and parts. A kinematic diagram of the transfer of forces between suspension elements is given. In addition, a diagram showing improvements in stability parameters as a result of movement of the vehicle body in a straight and curved trajectory is presented. A description of the principle of operation of the proposed design is given. Presented relationship of torque relative to tipping point versus centrifugal force dependent on turning radius, vehicle weight and speed. The above formulas allow a comparative calculation of the performance of serial and vehicles equipped with a suspension of the proposed design. Due to the use of the design of the proposed suspension, an increase in the average speed and, as a result, the productivity of transport operations is due.
INFLUENCE OF WHITE HELLELLOW TINCTURE ON THE MYOTROPIC FUNCTION OF THE UTERUS OF COWS AFTER CALVING
Authors:   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N. I. Vavilov, Semivolos Alexander Methodievich , Agoltsov Valery Aleksandrovich ,   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N. I. Vavilov, Semivolos Sergey Alexandrovich ,   Saratov Financial and Technology College, Tokarev Dmitry Nikolaevich ,   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N. I. Vavilov
Published: October 2024

The article presents the results of hysterographic studies on three groups of cows 6 hours after calving, which were injected intrauterinely, single, at a dose of 100 ml, 100 ml of a mixture consisting of 10% tincture of white hellebore and distilled water. For the cows of the first experimental group, a mixture with a ratio of white hellebore tincture and water of 1:99 was used; the second experimental group - 3:97; third - 6:94. Hysterographic studies of the cows of the first experimental group showed that if before the intrauterine administration of the medicine the contraction index was 54477.22 * 123.12 Pa, then after 20 minutes it increased to 208567.52 * 533.25 Pa or by 382.85%. Then, a downward trend was noted in the index of contraction activity of the uterine myometrium: after 60 minutes to 124844.26 * 876.87 Pa (by 167.06%), 180 minutes - to 48634.53 * 365.57 Pa (by 428.85%), 360 minutes - up to 38248.59 * 175.41Pa (by 545.29%). In cows of the second experimental group, uterine contractions had a high amplitude, mostly tower-shaped. The waves of uterine contractions were longer than in spontaneous contraction of the myometrium, and the pauses were shorter. After 180 and 360 minutes, the rhythm and amplitude of uterine contractions almost corresponded to those before the use of the mixture. In cows of the third experimental group, the index of contraction activity of the myometrium before the administration of the mixture was 53543.17 * 211.32 Pa and increased 20 minutes after stimulation by 713.90%, and after 60 minutes it decreased by 339.89%. Then, after 180 minutes, its decrease was noted by 1028.72 and 1394.41%, respectively. The most optimal for stimulating uterine motility in cows during retention of the placenta can be considered a mixture consisting of 3 parts of a 10% tincture of white hellebore and 97 parts of distilled water.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE MORPHOLOGICAL STATE OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM OF PIGS GROWN IN INDUSTRIAL AND FARM CONDITIONS
Authors:   Khakass State University named after N.F. Katanov, Krasovskaya Rimma Eduardovna , Medkova Anastasia Evgenievna ,   Khakass State University named after N.F. Katanov
Published: October 2024

The nutritional value of pork as a food product is quite high. This product is a complete component of the nutritional balance with the necessary supply of valuable nutrients, in particular, of protein origin. Pig breeding has a fairly high degree of distribution in our country. Along with industrial farms, farms are becoming the most promising and in demand. Analyzing statistical studies, a positive dynamic of the contribution of farms to the livestock sector of the agro-industrial complex of our country was revealed. So, the share of farms engaged in raising farm animals in 2011 was 8.9%, and in 2020 it increased almost 1.6 times, which amounted to 14%. One of the urgent problems of modern pig breeding is a violation in the diet of both adult animals and piglets. The consequence of irrational nutrition is a decrease in production indicators, diseases of the digestive system, and in some cases the death of animals. That is why the complex of knowledge about the characteristics of the digestive system of piglets and adults is of particular importance. The purpose of the study is to give a comparative analysis of the morphological state of the digestive system of pigs grown in industrial and farm conditions. The data obtained indicate the influence of the type of diet on the morphological state of the digestive system organs of pigs used in the conditions of industrial and farm animal rearing.
THE PROBLEM OF MASS ABORTIONS OF COWS (REVIEW OF LITERATURE)
Authors:   Federal Center for Animal Health Protection, Mishchenko Vladimir Aleksandrovich ,   Researcher Federal Scientific Center – All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine named after K.I. Skryabin and Ya.R. Kovalenko of the RAS, Mishchenko Alexey Vladimirovich ,   Federal Center for Animal Health Protection,   Federal Scientific Center – All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine named after K.I. Skryabin and Ya.R. Kovalenko of the RAS, Agoltsov Valery Aleksandrovich ,   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N. I. Vavilov, Chernykh Oleg Yuryevich ,   Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin
Published: October 2024

The high profitability of animal husbandry is ensured by a number of factors, including the high genetic potential of productive animals, full nutrition and well-being for infectious, parasitic and mass non-communicable diseases. The level of herd reproduction is one of the main criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of cattle breeding. It is believed that for the full cost-effective reproduction of the herd, it is necessary to obtain at least 85 calves from 100 cows. In Russia, 70-75 calves are produced from 100 cows. In a number of livestock farms, such reproduction rates are due to abortions, the birth of dead and non-viable calves. Abortion in ruminants is one of the main causes of economically significant losses in livestock production in all countries of the world. Abortions are also recorded in wild ruminants, including bison, buffalo, which can graze on the same pastures with cattle. A decisive role in the system of measures to combat abortion has a quick and accurate diagnosis. Abortions are often registered in case of poisoning with nitrates, salts of heavy metals, mycotoxins, organochlorine compounds and other toxic substances. In many farms, the problem of reproduction is due to infectious pathology. Transplacental viral infections cause enormous damage to cattle breeding, leading to abortions, stillbirths and the birth of non-viable calves. A significant economic damage to cattle breeding is caused by abortions of invasive etiology. In cows, the gestation period lasts 285 days. One of the reasons for the violation of the reproduction of cows are embryonic mortality (17-40 days), abortions, stillbirths and the birth of non-viable calves. This article describes the etiology of the most frequently recorded mass abortions of cows (heifers).
THE METHOD OF CALCULATING THE BALANCE OF HUMUS AND THE MAIN NUTRIENTS OF THE SOIL ON THE EXAMPLE OF IRRIGATED SEMIPOLAR FODDER CROP ROTATION
Authors:   Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin, Dolobeshkin Evgeny Viktorovich , Hathohu Ekaterina Ivanovna ,   Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin, Kopytova Valeria Sergeevna ,   Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin
Published: October 2024

In the article under consideration, the authors propose to form a general idea of the balance and dynamics of soil nutrients that form a stable concept of soil fertility on the basis of a seven-field irrigated fodder crop rotation located in the north-eastern zone of the Krasnodar Territory and using the methodology for calculating the main organic and mineral nutrients of the soil (Mathematical model of soil fertility dynamics). Fertility mainly depends on the number, composition of organic, as well as key mineral nutrients in the basis of it: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium. In agricultural turnover, there is a decrease in biomass reserves in the soil, and over time there is a shortage of humus. The losses of humus and soil minerals were observed due to the large removal of nitrogen with the harvest and weak replenishment of soil nutrients by applying organic and mineral fertilizers. As a result, a pronounced trend was formed for the negative dynamics of the main nutrients of the soil. The results of the methodological analysis show that as a result of irrigation reclamation of the proposed fodder crop rotation, a positive balance of organic and mineral substances in the soil is observed, however, there is also a deficiency of phosphorus and potassium. There is a need to increase the positive balance of the mineral component of soil fertility, as well as to form a clear stable process of soil fertility stabilization. A balance in the content of humus and the main mineral nutrients of the soil can be achieved when its consumption is fully compensated by the introduction of organic fertilizers, sowing of perennial grasses and decomposition of plant residues.
THE PROBLEM OF SOIL SALINIZATION
Authors:   Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin, Prikhodko Igor Aleksandrovich , Romanova Anna Sergeevna ,   Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin, Sergeev Alexander Eduardovich ,   Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this article is to study the problem of soil salinization, to identify the causes of salt in the soil, to consider effective solutions to this problem. Various types of salinization are shown, which includes primary salinization associated with natural processes (weathering of minerals, etc.), and secondary salinization, which is the result of improper irrigation regime and resulting from excessive watering, which increases the level of salty groundwater or irrigation with highly mineralized water. The problems of the detrimental effect of salinization on the soil, ways of its elimination and consequences are revealed. The measures necessary to restore saline soils by leaching salts from the soil profile due to excessive irrigation in combination with a drainage system deep enough to prevent capillary rise of water back to the root zone or to the soil surface are shown. The issue of salinity is an urgent problem in coastal areas around the world. This affects the natural environment and leads to huge economic losses due to the impact on agricultural productivity and food safety. Soil salinization is one of the serious problems of land degradation due to its adverse impact on land productivity. Soil salinity depends on both natural and anthropogenic factors. And also examples of salinization on various soil sites are given, which include arid, semi-arid soils, the most susceptible to primary salinization, subhumid and others. Salinization worsens the soil structure, which leads to a decrease in water infiltration, which is the seepage of water into the soil and groundwater through special rocks, and air penetration into the soil profile. Every year, a large amount of land is degraded due to primary or secondary salinization of soils, as a result of which it becomes a major economic problem and there is a need to take care of the environment.