bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Podding pattern of Frenchbean (Phaseolus vulgaifs) as influenced by fertility levels
Authors: K. L. SAXENA  , V. S. VERMA
Published: December 2023

A field trial was conducted during 1989-90 and 1990-31 to study the effect of fertility levels on podding pattern of Frenchbean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Nitrogen and phosphorus had a positive effect on number of pods on primary and secondary branches aloi~g with total pods/plant in both the years up to 120 . kglha. Number of pods on tertiary branches were influenced significantly by N in the second year up to 60 kglha level only. Potassium significantly influenced the number of pods on secondary branches and total podslplant in both the years up to 60 kglha. Interaction of N and P affected the pods on primary and secondary branches and total podslplant in both the years and on tertiary branches in the second year only. Interaction effect of N and K on tertiary branches and that of P and K OF secondary branches influenced the pods significantly in the first year mly. Grainslpod were significantly affected by N, P and K in the first year and by N in the second year. Nitrogen si@ificantly Increased the grain yield up to 120 k g h and Pup to 60 kglha being at par with 120 kg P,Q51ha However, K did not affect the yield significantly in any season. It was noticeable that grain yield increased in a linear fashion with the increase in the podslplant and grains1 pod in each year.
Nutrient uptake and yield of clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) as influenced by nitrogen, phosphorus and seed rate
Authors: R. BABOO AWN. S. RANA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted at Lakhaoti to study the effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and seed rate on yield and uptake of nutrients in clusterbean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taubert] on a sandy-loam soil. The soil was low in organic carbon and available N and high in available P and K with pH 7.8. The crop seeded @ 30 kglha gave the highest yield. Application of 20 kg N/ha + Rhizobium inoculation resulted in higher yield over their individual application and control, except Rhizobium alone in 1988. A dose of 60 kg P,O,/ha gave markedly higher seed yield over lower rates of P in both the seasons. Crop seeded using 10 kg seedha recorded noticeably higher gum and protein contents in seed than 30 kgha, but remained at par with 20 kg seedha in both the seasons. Tha highest values of these were noted with 60 kg P,O,/ha and 20 kg N/ha + Rhizobium inoculation. The N and P uptake were highest when crop was seeded with 30 kg seed1 ha, 60 kg P,O,/ha and 20 kg Nha + Rhizobium inoculation.
Performance of oat (Avena sativa) genotypes in relation to cutting management under late-sown conditions
Authors: BADRUL HASSAN  , AMARGIT S. BALI  , K. N. SINGH
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during . month after the first cut) were tried in ran- winter season of 1991-92 and 1992-93 to domized block design with 3 replications. find out production potential of different oat The soil was neutral in reaction with medi- (Avena sativa L.) genotypes under 2 levels um available nitrogen and phosphorus but of cutting, sown under late condition on with high potassium. The sowing was done silty-clay loam soil of Shalimar. in rows 25 cm apart, with a seed rate of 100 The treatment combinations of 7 oat gen- kglha in the first week of November during otypes (Kent, Blacknip, Collabar, Co- both the years. A basal dose of 50 kg P,O,/ bar, OX, 261-27-1-2-2, OX 391-16-1-4-7 ha and 20 kg &O/ha along with 50 kg Nha and OGP 7605) and 2 levels of cutting was banded in rows before sowing. The rest (single cut at heading stage and 2 cuts, first of N was applied in 2 splits, at 120 and 130 cut at maximum tillering stage and second a days after sowing. Fresh weight of forage
Effect of green-manure crops on yield of barley (Hordeum vulgare) and maize (Zea mays) + cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) grown on alluvial sand deposits
Authors: K. K. MAHAJAN
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted for 3 years (1990-91 to 1992-93) to study the effect of different green-manure crops on the yield of barley (Hordeum vulgnre L. sensu lato) grain and maize (Zen tnnys L.) + cowpea [Vigno unguiculntn (L.) Walp.] fodder under rainfed condition. Maximum yield of barley grain wils found after green-manuring with sannhemp (Croinlnrin juncen L.), followed by dhninchn or prickly sesban [Sesbnnia cannnbinn (Retz.) Pers.; Syn. S. nculeni~z Pers.] and was 93 and 73% higher than the yield after fallow. Significant response of N up to 60 and 120 kg Nlha wm found in the grain yield of --Y - barb-: ,and yield of fodder maize + cowpea respectively on sandy soils having very low available nitrogen.
Energetics and productivity of lentil (Lens culinaris)+ safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) intercropping at varying plant density
Authors: R. THAKUR  , M. K. SINGH  , S. K. PAL  , U. N. VERMA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment conducted during the post-rainy season (October-March) of 1991-92 and 1992-93 showed minimum reduction in seed yield of lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) and safflower (Carthamus tincrorius L.) in replacement series as compared to additive one. Intercropping of 67% lentil + 33% safflower (2 : 1 row ratio), 75% lentil + 25% safflower (3 : 1 row ratio) produced higher lentil equivalent, energy output, energy productivity, land-equivalent ratio, monetary advantage, net return and benefit :cost ratio.
Effect of blue green algae, nitrogen levels and modified urea materials on yield attributes and yield of wetland rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: SURENDRA SINGH. R. PRASAD  , S. N. SHARMA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was carried out during the rainy season (July-October) of 1990 and 1991 at New Q cwhi, to study the combined effect of slow-release nitrogen fertilizers and blue green algae on the gram and .,!raw yields of rice (Orym sntivn L.). The application of urea supergranules and dlcyandiamide-coated urea at 80 kg Nlha resulted a nitrogen economy of 21 ar~d 24 kg Nlha respectively in rice with algal inoculation and 38 and 44 kg N!ha respectively without d g d inoculation.
Bioefficacy of herbicides against Trianthema portulacastrum in toria (Brassica campestris subsp. oleifera var toria)
Authors: L. S . BRAR  , U. WALIA S .
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the 1990-92 on loamy-sand soil of Ludhiana. he pre-plant application of hifluralin at 0.5 and 0.75 kgtha and pre-emergence application of pendimethalin at 0.5 kglha provided effective control of weeds, particularly of Trinnthema portulncnstrum L. and thus increased the seed yield by 10.1 and 36.9% (average of 3 years) over hand-hoeing and unweeded control respectively. Poor yields were obtained with pre-emergence application of metolachlor at 0.5 and 0.75 kglha and isoproturon at 0.56 and 0.75 kg/ha, as these herbicides failed to provide an effective, control of Trinnthema portulncnstrum, the predominant weed under study.
Effect of pressmud and rice husk on growth and yield of main and ratoon crops of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
Authors: A. S. CHANNABASAVANNA  , R. A. SETTY
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted during 1991 and 1992 to study the effect of pressmud and rice husk on the growth and yield of main and ratoon crops of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) Increase in fertilizer dose from 250, 75 and 75 to 375, 112.5 and 112.5 kg N, P and K kglha respectively did not increase the cane yield of main and ratoon crops. Incorporation of pressmud in combination with chemical fertilizers did not increase the seed yield of main crop, but its effect was seen on the succeeding ratoon crop. Cane yield with ratoon crop with application of 125% NPK (312.5, 93.7, 93.7 kg N, P and Kha) through fertilizer + 25% NPK throughrice husk was at par with 150% (375, 112.5 and 112.5 kg N, P and Wh- through fertilizer, thus indicating the saving of chemical feltilizer by 25% in ratoon crop.
Effect of phosphatic bio-fertilizers in conjunction with organic and inorganic fertilizers on growth and yield of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea)
Authors: ASHA C. MEHTA  , D. D. MALAVIA  , B. B. KANERIA  , V. D. KHANPARA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted at the and farmyard manure @ 10 tonneslha) as Instructional Farm, Gujarat Agricultural main plots and combinations of 3 levels of University, Junagadh, during the rainy phosphatic biofertilizers (control, inocula- (kharifi season of 1991. The soil was clayey tion with Pseudomonas striata and Paecilo- in texture, medium in total nitrogen myces fussisporus) and 3 levels of P [0 (con- (0.054%), available phosphorus (30.8 kg/ trol), 25 and 50 kg P,Os/ha] as subplot treat- ha) and available potassium (156 kglha). It ments were laid out in split-plot design with was slightly alkaline in reaction (pH 7.9) 4 replications. Full dose of N @ 12.5 kglha with normal electrical conductivity (0.27 and P as per treatments were applied as urea dS1m). The treatments comprising 2 levels and single superphosphate respectively at of farmyard manure (no farmyard manure the time of sowing. The crop was sown on -Table1.Effect of different fertilizers on growth parameters, yield attributes and yield of groundnut
Effect of rock phosphate on yield and nutrient uptake in rice (Oryza sativa) and its residual effect on linseed (Linurn usitatissirnurn)
Authors: S. K. BHARDWAJ. C. M. SHARMA  , K. KANWAR
Published: December 2023

A field experiment conducted in an acidic silt-loam soil during 1991 and 1992 showed significant direct effects of rock phosphate : single superphosphate mixtures as P source on grain yield of rice (O~zyzclsrrtivrz L.) and nutrient uptake. The maximum grain yield and nutrient uptake were recorded in SO : SO mixture of rock phosphate : single supelphosphate treatment. Application of rock phosphate to rice crop had significant residual effect on the succeeding linseed (Linwn usitatissimum L.) crop in terms of yield and nutrient uptake.
Effect of soil solarization in summer on weed growth and yield of succeeding rainy-season sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
Authors: P. V. HABEEBURRAHMAN  , M. M. HOSMANI
Published: December 2023

A field investigation was canied out at Dharwad during April 1990 to October 1991 to study the in- fluence of soil solarization on weed growth in succeeding rainy (Wlarifi-season sorghum [Sorghum bi- color (L;) Moench] and the resultant influence on the yield of the crop. The increase in soil temperature due to transparent polyethylene 0.05 mm, transparent polythene 0.1 rnm and black polyethylene was 8.7-1 1.00C. 5.1-5.8T and 2.5-3.2C respectively over the control. There was a significant reduction in count and dry weight of weeds even up to the harvest of sorghum due to solarization with transparent polyethylene. The transparent polyethylene of 0.05 mm thickness was superior to that of 0.1 mm thick- ness. Solarization for 30 and 40 days caused maximum reduction in weeds. The performance of black plythene and solarization for 10 and 20 days with transparent polyethylene was on a par with non-solar- ized control. The maximum weed reduction was obtained by 0.05 for40 days which was better thanthe normal practice of weed control. Maximum grain yield of 42.3 qha was recorded by transparent poly- thene 0.05 for 40 days, which was better than the normal practice of weed control.
Effect of irrrgation and nitrogen on growth yield, oil content, nitrogen uptake and water-use of summer sesame (Sesamum indicum)
Authors: ASHOK KUMAR  , T. N. PRASAD  , U. K. PRASAD
Published: December 2023

In a 2-year study at Pusa, maximum average yield (2.81 qlha) of summer sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) was recorded with 3 imgations each of 6 cm at IW : CPE of 0.7. Further reduction in frequency of irrigation to 1 or 2 based on IW : CPE or days after sowing resulted in a significant reduction in seed yield. The yield was minimum (1.78 qha) under the rainfed control. Among levels of nitrogen, significant increase in yield was recorded up to 90 kg Nha (2.61 qha). A significant increase in leaf-area index (LAI), number of capsuleslplant and 1,000-grain weight was recorded up to 2 irrigation. For LA1 response to nitrogen was noticed up to 90 kg Nha, whereas for number of capsuled plant and 1,000-seed weight increased only up to 30 kg Nha. Maximum oil (%) was recorded with 2 irrigations and at 30 kg Nlha. Higher N levels depressed oil (%) in sesame. Nitrogen uptake by plants increased significantly up to 3 imgations and 90 kg Nlha. A major part of soil-moisture depletion was recorded froin 0-60 cm profile layer. In deeper layer (60-90 cm) depletion was more in drier regimes than in wet ones.
Effect of weed management practices on growth and fibre yield of jute (Corchorus capsularis)
Authors: G. C. MISHRA!  , B. B.BHOL
Published: December 2023

A study was carried out at Kendrapara during the rainy season (kharifl of 1990 and 1991, to determine the most effective method of weed-control in jute (Corchorus capsularis L.). Application of fluchloralin @ 1 kgha at 3 DBS, followed by 1 hand-weeding at 35 DAS reduced the weed dry matter significantly increased the plant growth, yield attributes and fibre yield over other herbicidal schedules and feteched maximum net profit. The next best treatment w% pendimethalin @ 0.75 kglha at I DAS, followed by hand-weeding (twice).
Organic and inorganic sources of fertilizers for sustained productivity in rice (Oryza sativa)-wheat (Triticum aestivum) sequence on humid hilly soils of Sikkim
Authors: A. SINGH  , R. D. SINGH  , R. P. AWASTM
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was carried out during 1990-91 to 1992-93 to study the influence of nitrogen economization in rice (Oryza sativa L.&wheat crop sequence. An application of 60 kg NI ha produced significantly more grain and straw yields of rice 11.65 and 26.03% and wheat 32.3 1 and 34.80% over no nitrogen, whereas significantly higher grain and straw yields of rice 5.90 and 6.36% and of wheat 13.73 and 14.06% were obtained with the application of farmyard manure 10 tonnesha over no application. All the yield-attributing characters of rice, i.e plant height; length of panicle and number of grainslpanicle were increased the straw and grain yield of both the crops up to 90 kg Nha but there was no significant difference in 60 kg and 90 kg Nha.
Effect of tillage method on groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) yield in a rice ( O m sativa)-based cropping system
Authors: G. PRATIBHA  , V. SATYANARAYANA  , M. M. HUSSAIN  , K. G. PILLAI
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during 1989_91 to find out the effect of tillage practices on yield of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in a rice (Oryza sativa L.&based cropping system on a sandy-loam soil. Stand establishment, growth and yield were improved with an increase in intensity of tillage practices. Seed bed prepared with tractor drawn M.B. plough once supplemented by rotovator resulted in 131 and 47.9% higher pod yields over zero tillage and conventional system (ploughing twice with country plough).
Effect of fertilizer and butachlor on weeds and yield of transplanted rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: A. K. GOGOI  , H. KAEITA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during rainy season of 1988 and 1989 at Jorhat, to study the effect of different doses of fertilizer and methods of butachlor application on weeds and transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L.) under standing water condition. Better crop growth owing to application of 40 kg N, 20 kg P,O, and 20 kg &Oha suppressed the growth of weeds considerably. This recorded 36.9 q grain yieldha. Among the butachlor application methods, sand-mix controlled the weeds most effectively and accrued in significantly higher crop yield (40.28 qha) than to other methods. Rice cultivar Mahsuri (40.75 qha) significantly outyielded the traditional one Badshabhog (27.48 qha). -- Reduction in rice yield due to weeds able P2O5 16.9 kglha and available &O 45.0 ranges from 9 to 5 1% (Mani et al., 1968). kgha. The experiment comprised 3 fertilizer The growth of both weed and rice (Oryza doses, 2 cultivars and 3 butachlor applica- sativa L.), specially the crop depends greatly tion methods (Table I), tested in split-plot on the amount of applied nutrients. Better design with 3 replications. The cuhivars and nutrient supply leads to better crop growth fertilizer doses in combination were as- which in turn suppresses weeds. Several her- signed to main plots and butachlor applica- bicides including butachlor proved most tion methods to subplots. Thirty-five-day- successful against weeds of transplanted rice old seedlings were transplanted during the (Mishra and Singh, 1989; Pandey and Sukla, second week of July maintaining 25 cm x 20 1990). However, its efficacy under standing- cm spacing. Fertilizers were applied in 3 3 water condition is effected due to different splits. Half of N and entire quantity of P,05 methods of application. Therefore the and K,O were applied at the time of final present investigation was carried out to puddling. Remaining part of N was applied study the effect of various doses of fertilizer in 2 equal splits at tillering and panicle-ini- and methods of butachlor application on tiation stages. Butachlor @ 1.5 kgfha was weeds and transplanted rice under standing- applied 4 days after transplanting @AT) on water condition. standing water. Observations on weeds were made at 70 DAT.
Effect of herbicide on direct-sown, drilled rice (Oryza sativa) and associated weeds
Authors: A. N. SINGH  , SAHADEVA SING#  , V. M. BHAN
Published: December 2023

Butachlor, thiobencarb, pendimethalin and anilophos were evaluated for weed control in direct- sown, upland rice (Oryza saliva L.) Echinochloa colonum (L.) Link, E. crus-galli (L.) Beauv., Cyperus iria L., Alternanthera sessilis DC. and Commelina communis L. were the major weeds in the experimental field. Population and dry weight of weeds were reduced significantly due to application of herbicides. Butachlor and thiobencarb at 2 kgha resulted in maximum decrease in weed dry weight. Butachlor and thiobencarb (2 kgiha) proved more effective in controlling grass weeds than pendimethalin and anilophos. Herb*icides application resulted in almost similar increase in grain yield.
Effect of nitrogen and irrigation levels on yield and water use of french bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)
Authors: B. N. DAHATONDE  , R. V. NALAMWAR
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted at Akola during winter (rabi) seasons of 1990-91 and 1991-92 to study the effect of nitrogen and irrigation on french bean.(Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Irrigation at an IW : CPE ratio of 1.2 amounting to 6 irrigations yielded the highest. Irrigating the crop at lower ratios reduced the grain yield consistently. Significant response to nitrogen application was recorded up to 90 kglha. Highest water-use efiiciency, was recorded with irrigation at 1.2 and 1.0 IW : CPE ratios during first and second years respectively. Significantly highest interaction effect on grain yield was recorded, when crop was irrigated at 1.2 IW : CPE ratio with an application of 90 kg Nlha.|| French bean or rajmash (Phaseolus 17.6% respectively. The crop was sown on 1 vulgaris L.) is an important nutritive legume, November 1990 and 1 November 1991 having 22-25% protein in its dry seeds and during first and second years respectively. 1-2.4% in green pods (Singh and Singh, Seeds (2-3) of variety HUR 15 were 1987).
Performance of Indian mustard (Brassica,juncea) varieties in association with autumn-planted sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
Authors: Y. S. SMVAY  , K. S. RATHI  , SUBHASH KUMAR
Published: December 2023

Intercropping of Indian mustard Indian mustard in comparison to already [Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj. & Cosson] recommended variety. Varuna through with autumn-planted sugarcane (Saccharum border technique of planting in association officinarum L.) through border-planting with sugarcane. Co 1146 variety of technique has been developed by Rathi et al. sugarcane was grown during the winter (1 979), in which 2 rows of Indian mustard is season of 1986-87 and 1987-88 in 4 adjusted in place of every fourth row of replications of randomized block design. sugarcane. Kumar (1 983) suggested the use Two additional treatments of pure sugarc&e of Varuna cultivar in intercropping with by regular and border methods were also sugarcane. Presently, a number of new included to find out the effect of mustard on varieties of Indian mustard are available for number of milliable canes of sugarcane. commercial cultivation in Uttar Pradesh, but Planting of sugarcane was done on 30 no information is available on their October 1986 in 3 rows at 90 cm apart. In performance in association with sugarcane. place of every fourth row of sugarcane 2 Hence, an experiment was conducted to rows of Indian mustard varieties were study the suitability of new varieties of adjusted and in addition to this 2 rows of
Weed management in irrigated wheat (Triticum ciestivum)
Authors: R. B. LAL  , A. K.  , K. N. AIIlJ.lA VERMA  , RANBIR SWGH
Published: December 2023

A field experiment conducted for 2 years on sandy-loam soil revealed that qplic;~lio~i oIisol~~.oluron mixed with soil 35 days atter sowing w& as effective as its spray application and whc;~i yicltl rccorded was 95.2% to that of the best treatment. Isoproturon+urea had a toxic effect on the crop.
Efficacy of phosphate solubilizing bacteria biofertilizer with phosphorus on growth and yield of gram (Cicer crrietincrm)
Authors: R. K. S. TOMAR  , K. N. NAMDEO  , J. S. RAGl
Published: December 2023

A licld expcri~nent was conducted during tlie wintcr scason of 1992-93 and 1903 04 lo,j~~tlgc the cfficacy of tlic PSR with various sources and lcvels of phosphorus on production olgri~n~. llic ISB inoculant enhanced grain yield by 2.37 qllia (10.7%) and net return by Rs 1,8Xl/lii1. AIII!)I~~ Ilic I sources, rock phosphate + pyrite provedthe best followed by single supcrpliosplii~tc. tlii~~nmoniom phosphate, rock phosphate, extra grain yield ranged from 3.30 to 5.66 qlha (10.6 lo 1).7?/1~) i~ntl net protit from Rs 3,175 to 5422lha. Crop responded up to 60 kg P,O,/lia significantly; Ilic ;~tltlilioni~l grain yield being 9.80 qlha (40.8%) and net profit Rs 8,984llia over no P. Tlic best combiniitiun IY~IS IS13 + rock phosphate +pyrite + 60 kg P,O,, giving 38.87 qllia grain yield and Rs 32,47X/lii1 ncl rctum. but it - .- \. was comparable witli uninoculated +rock phosphate + pyrite + 60 kg P2O5Il~a.
Effect of phosphorus and sulphur on lentil (Lens culinnris) under rainfed condition
Authors: BHAGWAN SINGH  , VINOD KUMAR
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the wi~~ters of 1990-91, 1991-92 and 1qL)2 03 to study the effect of phosphorus and sulphur on growth, yield attributes and yield of Icn[il (/.rrrs crrli~iora Medikus). Plant height and noduleslplant increased significantly up to 45 kg P,O,lhi~ Al~plici~lion 30 of kg Slha increased the plant height and noduleslplant significantly during 1991 02 :~nd I1J02 -93. Application of P 45 kgtha ad S 30 kglhasignificantly increased the podstplant and 1.000-scctl wcight and also gave the highest seed and straw yields during all the 3 years. The harvcsl i~idcu wi~s also recorded maximum when 45 kg P/ha and 30 kg Slha were gpplied during all the 3 yciln crccl~l during 1991-92.
Effect of source and level of sulphur on yield attributes and seed yield of clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetrugonolobn) under rainfed conditions P. S. SHEKHAWAT, A. S. RATHORE , MAN S[NGI I
Authors: P. S. SHEKHAWAT  , A. S. RATHORE  , MAN SINGH
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy season (khartx of 1992 and 1003 011 sandy- loam soil oCFatehpur-Shekhwati, to study the effect of source and level of sulphur or1 yicld i~ltributes and seed yield of clusterbean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taubert]. Sources and lcvcls ols~llpliur significantly affected the seed yield of clusterbean in both the years. Application ofst~ll)liur ill30 and 40 kg/ha through gypsum and pyrite, respectively significantly increased seed yicld olcluslcrbcan compared with no sulphur during both the years, the increase respective being 33.5 ;111tl 30.3% by gypsum and 42 and 37.5% by pyrite during 1992 and 1993. The increasing levels olsull)li~~r lion1 0 to 40 kgiha either through gypsum or pyrite increased the brancheslplant during 1993. Al)plici~lio~~ ofS 30 kgiha through gypsum and pyrite significanlly increased the grainstpod over no solpliur in boll1 (lie years.
Efficiency of fluchloralin under different seeding and moisture regimes on yield and weed tlora of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea)
Authors: K. VAIRAVAN  , S. SANKAR.AN
Published: December 2023

field experiment was conducted during 1990 and 1991 to study the effect ol. Iluchloralin with different seeding methods and moisture regimes on weed count and weed weight in summcr gmundnut or peanut (Amchis hypogaea L.). Eficiency of fluchloralin was more under ridges and lilrrows method of seeding combined with 4.00 cm water through line source sprinkler irrigation.
Effect of fertilizer, weed-control methods and row spacings in white jute (Cochorm capsularis)
Authors: M. MISHRA  , A. MISRA
Published: December 2023

An experiment conducted during 1988 and 1989 revealed that the fibre yield olJutc ((orchor~rs capsularis L.) not significnntly affected due to fertility levels (50,100 and 150% oTlhc rccommcnded dose, viz. 60,30 and 30 N, P and K kgiha). However, the yield was reduced only by 10.55% will1 50% dose and increased by 0.81% with 150% dose as compared with 100% recommcndcd dose which recorded the maximum net retum (Rs 4,856) and net relum per rupee invested (1 .OX). 1:aniicrs practice although recorded the highest yield giving 153.46% over the control, chemical + mcch6iical mcthod recorded the highest net retum per rupee (1 -38) invested. Fibre yield was not atfeclcd due lo vilridion in spacing (10,20 and 30 cm); however, 30 cm row spacing produced maximum net rclurli (Ils 5.263) end net rctun per rupee invested (1.24).
Weed management in blonde psyllium (Platztago ovntn) under nortkGujarat condition
Authors: I. S. PATEL  , M. V. PATEL  , H. D. PATEL  , R. H. PAII:.I.
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the winter (rabi) seasons of 1988- NO, 1080 00 and 1990-91 to tind out the most etfective and economical weed management practicc li)r hlontlc psyllium or isabgul (Plantago ovata Fors) crop. Hand-weeding treatments significantly supprcscetl thc wced growth and produced more seed compared with weedy check. Among herbicides, only isopro1un)n (pre- emergence application at 0 50 or 0.75 kg aiha) gave similar control of weeds lo lh;~t ofliend-wccding. Pre-emergence application of isoproturon at 0.50 kg ailha recorded the highest ncl inrrcmcni;~l cost: benefit ratio (1:9.20).
Effect of split application of nitrogenand plant spacing on lowland bunded rice ( o r - sntiva)
Authors: P. M. PARAYE  , V. S. KANDALK#R  , A. K. PALIWAL
Published: December 2023

Application of nitrogen in split doses 15 cm x 20 cm) and 5 splits of I00 kg Nlha according to the growth stage and plant in different doses at various crop growth spacing of wetland bunded rice (Oryza stages (Table 1). The experinlent was laid saliva L.) crop are important factors to out in split-plot design with 3 replications exploit the potential of the high-yielding, by keeping levels of spacing in main plot improved variety by reducing the leaching and split doses of N in subplol. A basal dose of N with increasing N-use efficiency. of 50 kg P,O,/ha and 30 kg I
Integrated weed management in gram (Cicer nrietinirm)
Authors: A. SESHAREE  , P. V. N. PRASAD  , K. L. RAO  , K. HART PRASAI) IIAO
Published: December 2023

An investigation was carried out during medium in available nitrogen (3 10 kg/ha), the winter (rabi) season of 1992-93 on a low in available phosphorus (P,O,, 24 kg/ clay soil at Agricultural College, APAU, ha) and rich in available potash (654 kglha). Bapatla, to study the efficacy of different The experimental field was dominant herbicides on the control of weeds in gram with Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. and Cypa- (Cicer arietinum L.) var. ICCV 10. The rus rotundus L., constitl~tillg about 51.2 and experiment was laid out in randomized 40.5% respectively. Of the dicot. weeds, viz. block design with 11 treatments (Table 1) Trianthamaprotulaca.strzrn~ I,., Ez~phorbia and replicated thrice. The soil of the experi- hirta L., Croton bon~)l~rnJi(~num Bail]., mental field was clay with pH 7.8. It was Amaranthus viridis L., Ahz~/rrlon indicum
Economics of bio, organic and inorganic sources of nutrient in rice (Oryza sativa)-wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system
Authors: A.L. RATHORE
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during in the second week of December @ 100 kg 1987-88 and 198839 on farmers field to seedlha at a row spacing of 20 c n ~without evaluate the economic feasibility of different disturbing the 1By out in no fertilizer. All sources of nutrient in rice (Oryza sativa other recommended agronomic practices L.)-wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping were followed. Economic analysis was done system at Bilaspur campus of the IGKVV. after taking the market values for grain and The experimental soil was neutral in re- straw of rice and wheat. Cost incurred and action (pH 6.8), low in available nitrogen net profit obtained were used to calculate (233 kgha) and phosphorus (8.8 kgha) and benefit : cost ratio. rich in available potassium (418 kglha). The higher net return of Rs. 935-1,3881 Thirteen treatment combinations of blue ha in BGA and Rs 692 I ,O59/ha in FYM green alage (BGA), farmyard manure was obtained compared with the control (FYM) and chemical fertilizers (Table 1) (Table 1). The lower cost of applied BGA were laid out in randomized block design (Rs 50lha) and FYM (Rs 230/ha) and sig- with 4 replications. Seedlings of IR, 36 nificantly higher yield of rice than in the rice, @ 2-3 were transplanted at the age of control (Rathore et al. 1995) contributed to- 26 days in the last week of July during both wards higher net profit from these inputs the years at a spacing of 20 cm x 10 cm. (Table 2). Increased net returns were ob- The FYM contained 0.6% N, 0.2% P20, tained with increasing Iertilizer levels in and 0.5% K20 on dry-weight basis was in- BGA- and FYM-treated plots because of in- corporated. 10 days before transplanting in crease in the crop yields which more than respective plots @ 5 tonneslha. Full amount compensate the cost of fertilizer. The maxi- of P and K was given during transplanting mum net return was obtained from FYMF5, in different trectments. Nitrogen was ap- followed by BGAF5, BGAF4, FYMF4 and plied in 3 equal splits, viz. at transplanting, BGAF3 treatments during 1987 -88, where- tillering - and panicle-initiation stages. as the same was recorded in BGAF4 fol- Mixed culture of BGA was applied @ 10 kg lowed by BGAF5, BGAF3, BGAF4, and crustlha, .7 days after transplanting in re- FYMF5 treatments during 1988 -89. On an spective plots. Sonalika wheat was sown average the treatments of BGAF4, BGAFS, -.:- - Present address: Department of Land and Water Management, IGKVV, Raipur, Madhya - / Pradesh 492 01 2 A part bf Ph. D. Thesis of the author Submitted to Guru Ghasi Das University, 13il;tspur. Mildhya Pradesh
Chemical weed control in pigeonpea (Cajunus cajan) intercropped with short-duration grain legumes
Authors: B. M. PATIL  , JITENDRA PANDEY
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy (khurifl season of 1988 -and 1989, having intercropping systems and weed-control treatments in randomized block design. Intercrop cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] effectively suppressed weed growth, arrested nutrient depletion and resulted in significant increase in yield attributes and yield of pigeonpea [Cajunus cajan (L.) Millsp.] in both the years. The eirect of greengram (Phaseolus radiatus L.) was slightly lower than of cowpea in wet year but minor in drought year. Hand-weeding and tank mix of imazethapyr + pendimethalin effected significant decrease in weed population, weed dry weight and nutrient depletion and conspicuous increase in yield attributes and yield of pigeonpea in both years. Their application resulted in higher net return, net returnlmpees and benefit : cost ratio. Intercropping systems generated higher return than sole cropping in both the years.
Effect of time and method of isoproturon application on weeds and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: JITENDRA PANDEY  , RAJVIR SHARMA  , R. P. SINGH  , SUBHASII CHANDER
Published: December 2023

A 2 year field experihent cQducte~ afNew Delhi revealed that pendimethalin (pre-emergence) and lsoproturon ( w ) applied after first irfigdion were more effecrive against both &sy and broad-leaved weeds, whereas 2,4-D and fluroxypyr only against broad-leaved weeds In wheat (Tntrcum aestlvum L. ) . Isoproturon ( w ) mixed w ~ t hurea and soil were less effective as cornoared to emend Fiori & Paol , . . . their spray application. Hand-weeding resulted in higher grain yield in both the years, but was at par with pendimethalin and isoproturon ( w and its suspension) applied aftir irrigation in 1991-92, but proved superior to isoproturon (suspension) in 1992-93. No significant difference was observed between pendimethalin and isoproturon ( w and suspension) when applied after first irrigation. Increase in grain yield was up to 18 and 12 qha in 1991 -32 and : respectively. 992-33
Influence oftank mixture of isoproturon and fluroxypyr on tde control of weeds in wheat (Triticum aestivum) -
Authors: K S PANWAR  , R. K. MALIK  , R S. BALYAN  , S. S. AWASTHI
Published: December 2023

A 2-year field study conducted at Hisar during 1989-90 and 1990-91 indicated that fluroxypyr . was more effective against w~ld pea (Lathyrus aphaca L.) thanlambsquarter (Chenopodwm album L.), - whlle 2,4-D and isoproturon were more effective against lambsquarter than w$d pea. Tank mixture of flurorcypyr 0 20 kgha t lsoproturon 0 75 kgiha applled 30 days after sowing provided effectwe control olgrasses and broad-leaf weeds in wheat (Trrrrcum aeshvum L. emend Ploti & Pa01 ) and gave grain yleld at par to ihat obtained In weed-free check - -- Combinations of isoproturon and 2, 4-D 0.250, 0.375 and 0.500 kg/ha and .each as have been recommended for complex weed tank mixture with isoproturon at 0.750 kg/ flora In wheat (Tr~ticum aestivum L. emend. ha, isoproturon alone at 0.750 and 1.00 kg/ Fiori & Pa01 ) (Malik et a1 , 1989). The use ha conSrituted 13 herbicidal treatments of 2, 4-D is decreas~ng as it causes develop- These were compared with thc 2 mental deformities in many wheat varieties control-one completely unweeded and the (Bhagwatl, 1989). The combination of other kept weed free in randomized block isoproturon and fluroxypyr may increase the design with 3 replications. 2, 4-D sodium spectrum of weed kill without any adverse salt was used. All herbicides were applied at effect on wheat Hence present investigation 30 days after sowing (DAS) with a knap- . was carrled out to evaluate herbicide combi- sack sprayer using a volume of 650 litres nations against mixed population of grassy waterlha. Wheat cv. WH 283 and WH and broad-leaf weeds. 157 were sown on 15 and 17 November us- ing a seed rate of 100 kglha 1989 and 1990
Efficiency of~slow-release nitrogen fertilizers in rice (Oryzasativa) on partially reclaimed sodic Vertisols
Authors: S C DESHMUKH  , S. C. TIWARI . .
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy season (kharlj) of 1988 and 1989 on a partially reclaimed sodic clay soil (Vertisol) to assess the relatlve eficiency of urea-G (phosphogypsum urea- 36.8% N), [neerncake-coated urea (NCU) 34 5% N], ammonium sulphate (20 6% N) and urea (46 % N) at4 levels (40, 80,120 and 160 kgha) applied in 3 splits Urea-G and NCU increased the grain yield significantly over-urea and ammonium sulphate The urea-G recorded highest yields (45.0 and 43.9 q/ ha), followed by NCU (43.1 and 41.3 qha) m 1988 and 1989 respectively. The galn y~eld increased significantly with the increasing level of N, being the highest at 160 kg N/ha The soil NH4+-N content at 22, 33 and 56 days &er transplant~ng (DAT) was low in urea-G and NCU-treated plots than that , observed under ammonium sulphate and urea. However, at 70 D+T, the NH4-N content was higher in urea-(; and NCU-tieated plots than in ammonium sulphate and urea The soil NO;-N content was higher under urea-G and NCU at latter stages. The sot1 NH4+-N and NO, -N contents increased with the tncreastng levels of N at all the stages of growth
Rational use of phosphorus on seed yield, nutrient composition and uptake in rice (Oryza sativa) - rapeseed (Brassica campestris subsp. oleifera var. toria) - greengram (Phaseolus radiatus) crop sequence
Authors: S.C. MASTHAN  , S.N. REDDY  , SHAlK MOHAMMAD  , B.VIJAY NUMAR
Published: December 2023

A field investigation was carried out during 1991-92 and 1992-93 to find out the dose of phosphorus sufficient to meet the nutritional requirement of rice (Oryza sativa L.) - rapeseed [Brassica carnpestris L. ssp. oleifera (Metzger) Sinsk. var. toria] - greengram (Phaseolus radiatus L.) cropping sequence. The concentration of N and K reduced by the application of 26.2 kg Plha to rice and rapeseed in the 3 crops. The P concentration increased in rice and greengram but not in rapeseed. The uptake of N, P and K was more in rice and rapeseed fertilized with 26.2 kglha P. The residual -- effect of 13.1 or 26.2 kg P ha applied to rice also influenced the uptake of these nutrients in rapeseed. Greengram in summer removed more N, P and K due to the cumulative influence of 26.2 kglP ha through rice and rapeseed. Phosphorus @ 26.2 kglha (rabi) to rice significantly increased the yield. Its residual effect was also signifi- cant in increasing the production of rapeseed grown as second crop in winter (rabi) season. The cumulative effect of residual P throuqh the previous crop cf rice and its direct application both at 26.2 kglha P maximized the grain yield of rapeseed. The third crop of greengram in summer gave maximum yield by the residual effect of phosphorus applied to rice and rapeseed in kharif and rabi respectively.
Planting pattern in wheat (Triticum aestivum) and Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) crop mixture under irrigated condi- tions in mid-hills of North-Western Himalayas
Authors: A.K. PANDEY  , MAMTA PRASAD  , VED PRAKASH  , R.D SINGH
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the winter season of 1990-91 to 1992- 93 to study the effect of planting pattern of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.) and lndian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj. & Cosson] under 2 wheat row spacings (22.5 and 15 cm) and as seed mixture under broadcast sowing. Wheat + lndian mustard intercropped in an 8 : 1 row combination under both wheat row spacings and mixed cropping of wheat and lndian mustard under broadcast sowing system did not show significant difference in wheat yield compared to yield of respec- tive sole crop of wheat. All the inter- and mixed cropping treatments showed higher wheat-equivalent yields, land-equivalent ratio (LER) and benefit :cost ratio over sole crops, and the highest values of these parameters were obtained under planting pattern of wheat and lndian mustard in row ratio of 8 : 1 in both wheat row spacings, but 22.5 cm wheat row spacing proved more remunerative.
Effect of lime, organic and inorganic nutrients on wheat (Triticum aestivum)- soybean (Glycine max) cropping system in acidic red soils
Authors: S.N. MISHRA  , R.K. PAIKARAYAND K.N. MISHRA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was canied out during 1988-89, 1989-90 and 1990-92 to study the direct effect of lime, organic and inorgnic nutrients on wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.) and its carry-over effect on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Lime (1.25 tonneslha), FYM (4 tonneslha) and boron (10 kglha) in com- bination with 60 kg N + 30 kg P205 20 kg 6OIha resulted in the highest yield of + wheat (29.3 qlha). A significant residual effect was also observed for soybean (23.4 + qlha) with application of 30 kg N + 60 kg P205 30 kg \O/ha. The direct and the carry-over effects of lime and organic manure along.with inorganic nutrients applica- tion significantly increased the uptake of N, P)and K by both the crops in the cropping system. Key words: Wheat - soybean cropping, Lime, Nutrients, Acidic red soil
Conservation and production ability of maize (Zea mays)- legume intercropping systems under varying dates of sowing
Authors: O.P.S. KHOLA  , R.K. DUBE  , N.K. SHARMA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during rainy (kharif) season of 1993 and 1994 on 2% sloping field at the Central Soil Conservation Research Farm, Selakui, Dehra Dun, on intercropping of maize (Zea mays L.) with cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.], blackgram (Phaseolus mungo L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and their sole stands under early (10 June), normal (25 June) and late (10 July) dates of sowing. Intercropping of cowpea and blackgram with maize gave higher maize-equiva- lent yields (35.28 and 33.50 qlha respectively) than sole maize (28.00 qlha). Inter- cropping also resulted in higher maize-equivalent yields than respective sole legume stands by 125.86, 128.05 and 265.00% under maize + cowpea, maize + blackgram and maize + soybean respectively. Normal sowing gave higher maize-equivalent yield (30.10 qlha) than early sowing (22.66 qlha) and late sowing (18.45 qlha). Cowpea and blackgram in sole stands had higher canopy, followed by their intercropping with maize, and normal sowing developed canopy faster than early or late sowing. Maxi- mum net return (Rs 9,433lha) was obtained under normal time of sowing of maize + cowpea.
Nitrogen requirement of fingermillet (Eleusine coracana)+ pulse intercropping system
Authors: R.V. SlNGH  , M.P.S. ARYA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during rainy (kharif) season of 1995 and 1996 under rainfed conditions to study N requirement of fingermillet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.] + pulse intercropping system. Three levels of N (50, 75 and 100% of recommended,dose) were tested in fingermillet intercropped with each of soybean [Glycine max (L.) .) Marechal] and French Merr.], rice bean [Vigna aconitifolia (Jacq bean or rajma (Phaseolus radiatus L.). The highesttotal grain yield (28.64 qlha) was obtained under finger millet + soybean with 75% application. The land-equivalent ratio (1.31), fingermillet-equivalent yield (33.71 qlha), net return (Rs 6,892lha) and benefit : cost ratio (2.12) were also recorded higher in the same treatment.
Effect of seed ratio on barnyard millet (Echinochloa frumentacea) - based mixed cropping system
Authors: R.V. SlNGH  , M.P.S. ARYA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment on mixed cropping during rainy (kharif) season 1993 and 1994 in barynard millet (Echinochloa frumentacea Link) was conducted under rainfed conditions. The grain yield of barnyard millet was highest (13.06 qlha) in sole crop. It was decreased in all the mixed cropping patterns except barnyard millet + soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in 90 : 10% seed mixture which recorded the grain yield of 11.78 qiha. Highest land-equivglent ratio (1.45fand barnyard millet equivalent (23.97 q/ha) were also recorded under the same treatment.
Intercropping Sesbania rostrata with wet land rice (Oryza sativa) for seed and fuel
Authors: MD. SIRAJUL ISLAM  , M. SHAHJAHAN  , MD. YUSUF ALL
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy season of 1992 and 1993 in Eutric Gleysoi soil of the Barind Tract, Bangladesh, to study the feasibility of growing African dhaincha (Sesbania rostrata Brem. & Oberrn) for seed and fuel as intercrop with wet land rice (Oryza sativa L.). Dhaincha seedlings transplanted at 2 m x 2 m spacing in rice gave the highest rice equivalentyield in both the years. The same treatment also gave the highest gross returns, net returns, and benefit :cost ratio. The feasibility of growing S. rostrata as an intercrop with wetland ice proved and seeds produced in 1 ha of land was sufficient for green manuring in 2 ha. Key words : - Sesbania rostrata rice intercropping, Seed, Fuel , Green-manuring (GM) with Sesbania ing Systems Research and Development before wet land rice is one of the approaches (FSRD) site, Saroil, Rajshahi, during wet sea- well accepted by the f m e r s of the area. How- sons of 1992 and 1993.- The soil of the ex- ever, S, rostrata proved superior to S. aculeata perimental plot was silt loam in texture hav- (Rinaudo et a]., 1987; Roger and Watanabe, ing pH 6.4. The experiment was laid out in 1986). Scarcity of seed is the main limiting randomized complete-block design with 4 factor for quick expansion of Sesbania green- dispersed replications and the unit plot size mamiring. There is a little scope of growing was 12 m x 12 m. The modern rice variety Sesbania as sole crop for seed and fuelas most BR 1 1 and African dhaincha were used as of the land engaged for wet land rice cultiva- test crops. Five treatments used in the experi- tion and due to the problem of animal darn- ment were, viz. T,, sole wet land rice; T,, sole age as goat and cattle like it. Considering the African dhaincha (seedlings) at a spacing of above situation an attempt made to grow Af- 50 cm x 50 cm; T,, rice + African dhaincha rican dhaincha as an intercrop with wet land (seedlings) at a spacing of 2 m x 2 m, T,, rice , + African dhaincha (stem cutting) at a spac- rice for seed and fuel to reduce the scarcity of seed for green-manuring and fuel. ing of 2 m x 2 m and T,, rice + Afrian
Yield attributes and yield of rice (Oryza sativa) hybrids as influenced by nitrogen sources and its splits application
Authors: K. SLIREKHA  , M. NARAYANA REDDY  , R. MAHENDER KUMAR
Published: December 2023

In a field experiment conducted during the wet season of 1994 and 1995 on a deep black soil (Vertisol), the differential response of recently released rice (Oryza sativa L.) hybrids in terms of their yield components and yield to NH,-N and NH, + NO3-N sources [through urea and calcium ammonium nitrat, (CAN) respectively] and split application of N (as 3 and 4 equal splits) was studied. Four rice hyrbids, 2 of early (MGR 1 and KRH 1) and and the other 2 of mid-duration (APRH 1 and APRH 2) were tested using 2 checks (Rasi and Jaya). More stable and easily available NH,-N was found to be superior to unstable and leachable NO3-N fraction from CAN which resulted in higher number of tillers and panicles and was mainly responsible for higher grain yields (6.40 and 5.44 tonneslha with NH,-N and 5.73 and 4.59 tonneslha with NH, + NO,-N in1994 and 1995 respectively). Application of N in 4 splits, coinciding the last with flowering, improved filled grain percentage, 1,000- grain weight and finally resulted in higher grain yields owing to increased photosyn- thetic rate and delayed leaf senescence. Among the hybrids. MGR 1 in the short- duration group emerged as the most promising by outyielding the check Rasi to the extent of 18-20% more. Grain yield showed significant correlatidn during 2 years with tiller number (r = 0.48* and 0.68*), panicle number (r = 0.47* and 0.66**), filled grain percentage (r = 0.36 and 0.53**) and 1,000-grain weight (r = 0.48* and 0.39). The multiple linear regression analysis revealed significant contribution of 67% by tillers, panicles, spikelets, filled grain percentage and 1,000-grain weight towards grain yield.
Efficacy of slow release nitrogen-fertilizers to rice (Oryza sativa) and their residual effect on wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: M.K. SINGH  , U.N. VERMA  , S.K. PAL  , R. THAKUR
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during 1989-91 on sandy clay loam soil at Ranchi to study the efficiency of forms of urea, viz. prilled (PU), lac-coated (LCU), rock phosphate-coated (RCU), karanj cake-coated (KCU) and neem cake-coated (NCU) at varying N rates (0, 40, 80, 120 kglha) on the productivity of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and their residual effect on succeeding wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori 8 Paol.). The LCU, NCU, and KCU gave 24, 14.2 and 12.7% more grain yield of rice respectively than PU. Each incremental N levels recorded higher grain yield over its preceeding levels. However, nitrogen-use efficiency decreased with increasing N level. Application of LCU, NCU and KCU favourably affected soil-available N after rice which consequently exhibited more residual effect on the productivity of suc- ceeding wheat. Rice fertilized with 120 kg Nlha also recorded maximum grain yield of succeeding wheat (23.1 qlha).