bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Occupational and Personal Challenges During the Opioid Crisis: Understanding First Responders’ Experiences and Viewpoints of Clients with Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Lofaro Ryan J. , Sapat Alka
Published: May 2024

Objectives:

This study provides preliminary findings on the experiences of first responders during the opioid crisis and their viewpoints regarding whether clients with opioid use disorder deserve medical rehabilitation. Understanding associations between first responder experiences and viewpoints of client deservedness can help reduce stigma, improve compassionate care, and identify training gaps.

Methods:

Analyses were run with data from a nationwide survey of Emergency Medical Services-providers and law enforcement workers collected from August to November 2022 (N = 3836). The study used univariate statistics and ordered logistic regression to understand first responders’ experiences and viewpoints on client deservedness, as well as the relationship between the two.

Results:

Results show a negative correlation between responding to overdose calls and perceiving clients with opioid use disorder as deserving of medical rehabilitation. Law enforcement, males, and conservatives also had negative viewpoints. Conversely, having a friend experience addiction and believing addiction has had a direct impact on respondents’ lives predicted increases in client deservedness.

Conclusions:

Policy should focus on creating spaces where first responders can have positive interactions with people who use drugs or are in recovery. Better training is needed to help first responders manage on-the-job stressors and understand the complexities of addiction.
Variational bounds and nonlinear stability of an active nematic suspension
Authors: Weady Scott
Published: May 2024

We use the entropy method to analyse the nonlinear dynamics and stability of a continuum kinetic model of an active nematic suspension. From the time evolution of the relative entropy, an energy-like quantity in the kinetic model, we derive a variational bound on relative entropy fluctuations that can be expressed in terms of orientational order parameters. From this bound we show isotropic suspensions are nonlinearly stable for sufficiently low activity, and derive upper bounds on spatiotemporal averages in the unstable regime that are consistent with fully nonlinear simulations. This work highlights the self-organising role of activity in particle suspensions, and places limits on how organised such systems can be.
On a class of self-similar sets which contain finitely many common points
Authors: Jiang Kan , Kong Derong , Li Wenxia , Wang Zhiqiang
Published: May 2024

For$\lambda \in (0,\,1/2]$let$K_\lambda \subset \mathbb {R}$be a self-similar set generated by the iterated function system$\{\lambda x,\, \lambda x+1-\lambda \}$. Given$x\in (0,\,1/2)$, let$\Lambda (x)$be the set of$\lambda \in (0,\,1/2]$such that$x\in K_\lambda$. In this paper we show that$\Lambda (x)$is a topological Cantor set having zero Lebesgue measure and full Hausdorff dimension. Furthermore, we show that for any$y_1,\,\ldots,\, y_p\in (0,\,1/2)$there exists a full Hausdorff dimensional set of$\lambda \in (0,\,1/2]$such that$y_1,\,\ldots,\, y_p \in K_\lambda$.
Lesefluss – ein MUSS!
Authors: Bauermann Elisabeth
Published: May 2024

Zusammenfassung: Beim Lesen eines Textes legen Lernbegleitende häufig den Fokus auf das Textverständnis. Ein müheloses und flüssiges Lesen der Lernenden wird weniger beachtet. Dies ist jedoch wesentliche Grundlage für die Lesemotivation. Bereits in Bewerbungsgesprächen kann Leseflüssigkeit festgestellt und in der Pflegefach(helfenden)ausbildung eingeübt werden. Die Heterogenität der Auszubildenden unterstützt in diesem Lesetraining.
#Professions*: (angehende) Pflegende im Hospiz
Authors: Herzog Anja
Published: May 2024

Zusammenfassung: Die Berufsgruppe der Pflegenden reflektiert Begriffe wie bspw. die der „Pflege“ oder des „Hospizes“ fortlaufend seit Jahrhunderten. Damit begeben sie sich einerseits auf die pflegerischen Spuren. Andererseits schützen sie inhärente Werte. Gleichermaßen (er)öffnen sie einen Raum, die Rhythmik des wechselseitigen Interaktionsprozesses zwischen Menschen und Umwelt mit in ihre Verantwortlichkeit einzubetten.
Properties of Relativistic Bouncing Microbursts
Authors: Wetzel Wyatt , Sample John , Engel Eric , Shumko Mykhaylo
Published: May 2024

Microbursts are short duration intensifications in precipitating electron flux that are believed to be a significant contributor to electron losses in the magnetosphere. Microbursts have been observed in the form of bouncing electron packets, which offer a unique opportunity to study their properties and importance as a loss process. We present a collection of bouncing microbursts observed by the HILT instrument on SAMPEX from 1994 to 2004. We analyze the locations of the bouncing microbursts in L and MLT and find they align well with the properties of relativistic microbursts as a whole. We find that the majority of bouncing microbursts observed by SAMPEX have scale sizes of ∼30 km at the point of observation, or ∼300 km when mapped to the magnetic equator. The time separation between the peaks of these bouncing microbursts is usually either half a bounce period or a whole bounce period.
Formation and Evolution of the Pacific‐North American (San Andreas) Plate Boundary: Constraints From the Crustal Architecture of Northern California
Authors: Furlong Kevin P. , Villaseñor Antonio , Benz Harley M. , McKenzie Kirsty A.
Published: May 2024

The northward migration of the Mendocino triple junction (MTJ) drives a fundamental plate boundary transformation from convergence to translation; producing a series of strike‐slip faults, that become the San Andreas plate boundary. We find that the 3‐D structure of the Pacific plate lithosphere in the vicinity of the MTJ controls the location of San Andreas plate boundary formation. At the time of initiation of the Pacific‐North America plate boundary (∼30 Ma), the sequential interaction with the western margin of North America of the Pioneer Fracture Zone, soon followed by the Mendocino Fracture Zone, led to the capture of a small segment of partially subducted Farallon lithosphere by the Pacific plate, termed the Pioneer Fragment (PF). Since that time, the PF has translated with the Pacific Plate along the western margin of North America. Recently developed, high‐resolution seismic‐tomographic imagery of northern California indicates that (a) the PF is extant, occupying the western half of the slab window, immediately south of the MTJ; (b) the eastern edge of the PF lies beneath the newly forming Maacama fault system, which develops to become the locus for the primary plate boundary structure after approximately 6–10 Ma; and (c) the location of the translating PF adjacent to the asthenosphere of the slab window generates a shear zone within and below the crust that develops into the plate boundary faults. As a result, the San Andreas plate boundary forms interior to the western margin of North America, rather than at its western edge.
When, Where and to What Extent Do Temperature Perturbations Near Tropical Deep Convection Follow Convective Quasi Equilibrium?
Authors: Li Yi‐Xian , Masunaga Hirohiko , Takahashi Hanii , Yu Jia‐Yuh
Published: May 2024

Convective Quasi‐Equilibrium (CQE) is often adopted as a useful closure assumption to summarize the effects of unresolved convection on large‐scale thermodynamics, while existing efforts to observationally validate CQE largely rely on specific spatial domains or sites rather than the source of CQE constraints—deep convection. This study employs a Lagrangian framework to investigate leading temperature perturbation patterns near deep convection, of which the centers are located by use of an ensemble of satellite measurements. Temperature perturbations near deep convection with high peak precipitation are rapidly adjusted toward the CQE structure within the [−2, 1] hours centered on peak precipitation. The top 1% precipitating deep convection constrains neighboring free‐tropospheric leading perturbations up to 9°. Notable CQE validity beyond a 1° radius is observed when peak precipitation exceeds the 93rd percentile. These findings suggest that only a small fraction of deep convection with extreme precipitation shapes tropical free‐tropospheric temperature patterns dominantly.
Elasto-plastic residual stress analysis of selective laser sintered porous materials based on 3D-multilayer thermo-structural phase-field simulations
Authors: Yang Yangyiwei , Bharech Somnath , Finger Nick , Zhou Xiandong , Schröder Jörg , Xu Bai-Xiang
Published: May 2024

Residual stress and plastic strain in additive manufactured materials can exhibit significant microscopic variation at the powder scale, profoundly influencing the overall properties of printed components. This variation depends on processing parameters and stems from multiple factors, including differences in powder bed morphology, non-uniform thermo-structural profiles, and inter-layer fusion. In this research, we propose a powder-resolved multilayer multiphysics simulation scheme tailored for porous materials through the process of selective laser sintering. This approach seamlessly integrates finite element method (FEM) based non-isothermal phase-field simulation with thermo-elasto-plastic simulation, incorporating temperature- and phase-dependent material properties. The outcome of this investigation includes a detailed depiction of the mesoscopic evolution of stress and plastic strain within a transient thermo-structure, evaluated across a spectrum of beam power and scan speed parameters. Simulation results further reveal the underlying mechanisms. For instance, stress concentration primarily occurs at the necking region of partially melted particles and the junctions between different layers, resulting in the accumulation of plastic strain and residual stress, ultimately leading to structural distortion in the materials. Based on the simulation data, phenomenological relation regarding porosity/densification control by the beam energy input was examined along with the comparison to experimental results. Regression models were also proposed to describe the dependency of the residual stress and the plastic strain on the beam energy input.
Pharmacogenomics of coronary artery response to intravenous gamma globulin in kawasaki disease
Authors: Shrestha Sadeep , Wiener Howard W. , Chowdhury Sabrina , Kajimoto Hidemi , Srinivasasainagendra Vinodh , Mamaeva Olga A. , Brahmbhatt Ujval N. , Ledee Dolena , Lau Yung R. , Padilla Luz A. , Chen Jake Y. , Dahdah Nagib , Tiwari Hemant K. , Portman Michael A.
Published: May 2024

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a multisystem inflammatory illness of infants and young children that can result in acute vasculitis. The mechanism of coronary artery aneurysms (CAA) in KD despite intravenous gamma globulin (IVIG) treatment is not known. We performed a Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) association analysis in a racially diverse cohort of KD patients treated with IVIG, both using AHA guidelines. We defined coronary aneurysm (CAA) (N = 234) as coronary z ≥ 2.5 and large coronary aneurysm (CAA/L) (N = 92) as z ≥ 5.0. We conducted logistic regression models to examine the association of genetic variants with CAA/L during acute KD and with persistence >6 weeks using an additive model between cases and 238 controls with no CAA. We adjusted for age, gender and three principal components of genetic ancestry. The top significant variants associated with CAA/L were in the intergenic regions (rs62154092 p < 6.32E–08 most significant). Variants in SMAT4, LOC100127, PTPRD, TCAF2 and KLRC2 were the most significant non-intergenic SNPs. Functional mapping and annotation (FUMA) analysis identified 12 genomic risk loci with eQTL or chromatin interactions mapped to 48 genes. Of these NDUFA5 has been implicated in KD CAA and MICU and ZMAT4 has potential functional implications. Genetic risk score using these 12 genomic risk loci yielded an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.86. This pharmacogenomics study provides insights into the pathogenesis of CAA/L in IVIG-treated KD and shows that genomics can help define the cause of CAA/L to guide management and improve risk stratification of KD patients.
Identification of drug responsive enhancers by predicting chromatin accessibility change from perturbed gene expression profiles
Authors: Wang Yongcui , Wang Yong
Published: May 2024

Individual may response to drug treatment differently due to their genetic variants located in enhancers. These variants can alter transcription factor’s (TF) binding strength, affect enhancer’s chromatin activity or interaction, and eventually change expression level of downstream gene. Here, we propose a computational framework, PERD, to Predict the Enhancers Responsive to Drug. A machine learning model was trained to predict the genome-wide chromatin accessibility from transcriptome data using the paired expression and chromatin accessibility data collected from ENCODE and ROADMAP. Then the model was applied to the perturbed gene expression data from Connectivity Map (CMAP) and Cancer Drug-induced gene expression Signature DataBase (CDS-DB) and identify drug responsive enhancers with significantly altered chromatin accessibility. Furthermore, the drug responsive enhancers were related to the pharmacogenomics genome-wide association studies (PGx GWAS). Stepping on the traditional drug-associated gene signatures, PERD holds the promise to enhance the causality of drug perturbation by providing candidate regulatory element of those drug associated genes.
Primary cilia suppress the fibrotic activity of atrial fibroblasts from patients with atrial fibrillation in vitro
Authors: Kawasaki Makiri , Al-Shama Rushd F. M. , Nariswari Fransisca A. , Fabrizi Benedetta , van den Berg Nicoline W. E. , Wesselink Robin , Neefs Jolien , Meulendijks Eva R. , Baalman Sarah W. E. , Driessen Antoine H. G. , de Groot Joris R.
Published: May 2024

Atrial fibrosis serves as an arrhythmogenic substrate in atrial fibrillation (AF) and contributes to AF persistence. Treating atrial fibrosis is challenging because atrial fibroblast activity is multifactorial. We hypothesized that the primary cilium regulates the profibrotic response of AF atrial fibroblasts, and explored therapeutic potentials of targeting primary cilia to treat fibrosis in AF. We included 25 patients without AF (non-AF) and 26 persistent AF patients (AF). Immunohistochemistry using a subset of the patients (non-AF: n = 10, AF: n = 10) showed less ciliated fibroblasts in AF versus non-AF. Acetylated α-tubulin protein levels were decreased in AF, while the gene expressions of AURKA and NEDD9 were highly increased in AF patients’ left atrium. Loss of primary cilia in human atrial fibroblasts through IFT88 knockdown enhanced expression of ECM genes, including FN1 and COL1A1. Remarkably, restoration or elongation of primary cilia by an AURKA selective inhibitor or lithium chloride, respectively, prevented the increased expression of ECM genes induced by different profibrotic cytokines in atrial fibroblasts of AF patients. Our data reveal a novel mechanism underlying fibrotic substrate formation via primary cilia loss in AF atrial fibroblasts and suggest a therapeutic potential for abrogating atrial fibrosis by restoring primary cilia.
Blasting profile evaluation of sand-mud interbedded surrounding rock during the large-span tunnel construction
Authors: Ma LongHao , Lin Fei , Du Yanqiang , Ren Song , Long NengZeng , Zhang Ping
Published: May 2024

The sand-mud interbedded surrounding rock contains discontinuities, such as horizontal bedding, joints, weak planes and weak interlayers. Drilling and blasting construction in this kind of surrounding rock is very likely to cause very serious over-/under-excavation phenomenon and excessive damage to surrounding rock, and the contour flatness after smooth blasting of the tunnel is also difficult to be guaranteed, which increases subsequent construction procedures and reduces production efficiency. In order to effectively evaluate the smooth blasting effect of the sand-mud interbedded surrounding rock tunnel, taking a tunnel project in southwest China as the research background, the blasting numerical simulation of the sand-mud interbedded surrounding rock tunnel was carried out using the dynamic analysis program, and the corresponding blasting optimization scheme was obtained. Subsequently, based on fuzzy mathematical theory, the evaluation system of blasting effect of sand-mud interbedded tunnel was established by combining the evaluation criteria of tunnel smooth blasting quality. Immediately afterwards, the weights of each influencing factor index were determined, and the blasting shaping effect of the original blasting scheme and the optimized blasting scheme was evaluated. Finally, the results have shown that the optimized tunnel blasting profile effect was better than the original blasting scheme. The corresponding research results have certain guiding significance for similar tunnel blasting effect evaluation and blasting parameter design.
Identification of small molecular inhibitors of SIRT3 by computational and biochemical approaches a potential target of breast cancer
Authors: Ullah Atta , Rehman Najeeb Ur , Islam Waseem Ul , Khan Faizullah , Waqas Muhammad , Halim Sobia Ahsan , Jan Afnan , Muhsinah Abdullatif Bin , Khan Ajmal , Al-Harrasi Ahmed
Published: May 2024

Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) belongs to the Sirtuin protein family, which consists of NAD+-dependent lysine deacylase, involved in the regulation of various cellular activities. Dysregulation of SIRT3 activity has been linked to several types of cancer, including breast cancer. Because of its ability to stimulate adaptive metabolic pathways, it can aid in the survival and proliferation of breast cancer cells. Finding new chemical compounds targeted towards SIRT3 was the primary goal of the current investigation. Virtual screening of ~ 800 compounds using molecular docking techniques yielded 8 active hits with favorable binding affinities and poses. Docking studies verified that the final eight compounds formed stable contacts with the catalytic domain of SIRT3. Those compounds have good pharmacokinetic/dynamic properties and gastrointestinal absorption. Based on excellent pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, two compounds (MI-44 and MI-217) were subjected to MD simulation. Upon drug interaction, molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate mild alterations in the structure of proteins and stability. Binding free energy calculations revealed that compounds MI-44 (− 45.61 ± 0.064 kcal/mol) and MI-217 (− 41.65 ± 0.089 kcal/mol) showed the maximum energy, suggesting an intense preference for the SIRT3 catalytic site for attachment. The in-vitro MTT assay on breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231) and an apoptotic assay for these potential compounds (MI-44/MI-217) was also performed, with flow cytometry to determine the compound’s ability to cause apoptosis in breast cancer cells. The percentage of apoptotic cells (including early and late apoptotic cells) increased from 1.94% in control to 79.37% for MI-44 and 85.37% for MI-217 at 15 μM. Apoptotic cell death was effectively induced by these two compounds in a flow cytometry assay indicating them as a good inhibitor of human SIRT3. Based on our findings, MI-44 and MI-217 merit additional investigation as possible breast cancer therapeutics.
2D Magnetic heterostructures: spintronics and quantum future
Authors: Zhang Bingyu , Lu Pengcheng , Tabrizian Roozbeh , Feng Philip X.-L. , Wu Yingying
Published: May 2024

The discovery of two-dimensional (2D) magnetism within atomically thin structures obtained from layered magnetic crystals has opened up a new realm for exploring magnetic heterostructures. This emerging field provides a foundational platform for investigating unique physical properties and exquisite phenomena at the nanometer and molecular/atomic scales. By engineering 2D interfaces using physical methods and selecting interlayer interactions, we can unlock the potential for extraordinary exchange dynamics, which extends to high-performance and high-density magnetic memory applications, as well as future advancements in neuromorphic and quantum computing. This review delves into recent advances in magnetic 2D materials, elucidates the mechanisms behind 2D interfaces, and highlights the development of 2D devices for spintronics and quantum information processing. Particular focus is placed on 2D magnetic heterostructures with topological properties, promising a resilient and low-error information system. Finally, we discuss the trends of 2D heterostructures for future electronics, considering the challenges and opportunities from physics, material synthesis, and technological perspectives.
Kinematics of the Kahramanmaraş triple junction and of Cyprus: evidence of shear partitioning
Authors: Özbey Volkan , Sengör Ali Mehmet Celâl , Henry Pierre , Özeren Mehmet Sinan , Haines A. John , Klein Elliot C. , Tarı Ergin , Zabcı Cengiz , Chousianitis Konstantinos , Güvercin Sezim Ezgi , Öğretmen Nazik
Published: May 2024

Triple junctions involving convergent plate boundaries extend beyond local implications, which is crucial for studying the geology of convergent plate boundary zones. However, kinematic models overlook Cyprus-Anatolia motion due to limited geodetic constraints. Our study area comprises Cyprus, southern Turkey, and the Levant coast, focusing on the Kahramanmaraş triple junction, where a destructive earthquake sequence occurred on February 6, 2023. We present precise positioning data merged with published velocities, constructing an up-to-date velocity field for the interseismic period. Employing two kinematic approaches, we analyze its tectonic implications. In Cyprus, we find the relative motion of Africa (Sinai Plate) and Anatolia is partitioned between convergence in the Cyprus subduction, with a rate of 3.5–6.2 mm/yr, progressively decreasing from west to east and left-lateral transpressive Kyrenia fault, situated along the northern coast of Cyprus, with rate 3.3–4.2 mm/yr. The relative strike-slip motion between Arabia and Anatolia is partitioned between the East Anatolian Fault (slip rates 5.2–6.2 mm/yr) and some secondary faults such as Çardak and Malatya faults (slip rates 2.0–1.7 mm/yr respectively) and causes distributed deformation for a 50–60 km wide region. The largest second invariant strain rate tensors from the continuum kinematic model also coincide with the same region, the East Anatolian shear zone. A shear partitioning system exists around the Kahramanmaraş triple junction, from Cyprus to southeast Turkey. The Levant Fault has a 3.5–4.7 mm/yr left-lateral slip rate, decreasing northward as part of it is transferred to offshore faults. Strain rates appear relatively small in the Taurus range and Adana/Cilicia basin, transitioning from extensional/transtensional to compressional from east to west.
Study on multi-channel air cooling thermal management of prismatic power battery pack
Authors: BAI Xiaohui , GAO Yuanbo , ZHANG Yubi , LIU Cunliang
Published: May 2024

In this paper, a multi-channel air cooling method has been proposed for the prismatic power battery thermal management system by separating the original one channel into several using windshield, enhancing the heat dissipation capacity of the traditional air cooling system, improving the temperature uniformity of the battery pack. In this study, the temperature increment of the lithium cobalt oxide battery caused by the discharging and the relationship between the electric resistance and the depth of discharge (DOD) have been observed experimentally, furthermore, the cooling characteristics of the multi-channel thermal management system has been studied numerically. As a result, the heat dissipation effectiveness of 3 channels U type cooling system has been found is superior to others. For instance, the maximum temperature and the maximum temperature difference decrease 8.4 K and 12.4 K respectively for the 0.5 m/s air flow velocity, whereas for the case of 5 m/s air flow velocity, both the above 2 values decrease 5.3 K. The maximum temperature and the maximum temperature difference of the battery pack maintain a value in a reasonable range.
Study of the influence of structural parameters on the operating characteristics of a new type of surge soot blower in the closed-ended system
Authors: WANG Chao , ZHENG Longxi , WANG Bowen , CHENG Yue , ZHANG Junli , LI Qing
Published: May 2024

Boiler soot blower can effectively realize the removal of the accumulated ash inside the boiler, improve the operating efficiency of the boiler, which is of great significance to the safe operation of the boilerSPG-type surge soot blower is a new type of high-performance soot blower with a closed-port system which is developed on the basis of the traditional surge soot blowers.The use of numerical methods to validate the feasibility and analyze the working characteristics of this device can provide a reference for the practical application and improvement. Based on CFD technology, the SPG-type surge soot blower is taken as the research object, and the real movement process of the piston inside the device is simulated using dynamic mesh technology, and the dynamic process of continuous change of the flow field inside the SPG-type surge soot blower is simulated and calculated using Fluent software, and the structural parameters of the nozzle, the combustion chamber, and the pressure accumulator are adjusted, so as to obtain the influence law of changes in structural parameters of each component on the exhaust characteristics by monitoring at the outlet. By adjusting the structural parameters of the nozzle, combustion chamber and pressure accumulator, the structural parameters of each component are monitored at the outlet to obtain the influence law of the change on the exhaust characteristics and the working characteristics. The results show that: when the nozzle L/D ratio is increased from 2 to 4, the peak value of the outlet parameter shows a hysteresis phenomenon, but the peak value of the pressure and the peak value of the velocity get a significant increase, and the expansion loss can be reduced by changing the expansion section of the nozzle to a straight one, so it is a better solution to increase the nozzle L/D ratio appropriately and connect the straight pipe directly; the shortening of the spacing between radial and axial wall surfaces of the combustion chamber can increase the peak value of the outlet pressure, but the increase of the peak value of the pressure can be greater by shortening the axial distance. The increase in peak pressure is greater; in the pressure accumulator, removing the damping device increases the pressure less, and cannot slow down the piston reset, so that the discharge gas is reduced, and after removing the restrictor, the nozzle outlet pressure is greatly increased, but its peak duration becomes shorter.
Study on consistency driving method of stitching pixel array based on self-adaptive correction technique
Authors: GUO Zhongjie , CHENG Xinqi , XU Ruiming , LIU Suiyang
Published: May 2024

With the application of stitching technology in CMOS image sensors of large arrays, the traditional clock tree synchronization design method is not suitable for the two-side drive circuit of pixel arrays, resulting in the serious problems of DC penetration and bad row of the two-side drive of pixel arrays in the same row. In this paper, in terms of the idea of self-adaptive correction on chip, a consistency driving method which can be applied to stitching pixel arrays is proposed. The method can be adapted to the change of chip working environment, and has the characteristics of simple structure and high reliability. Based on 55 nm technology, the present method is applied and verified in a large array CMOS image sensor with 150M pixel size and 77 mm×84 mm chip area of 12 288×12 288. The experimental results show that, under a master clock of 500 MHz and a row clock of 125 kHz, the inconsistency of bilateral row drive is reduced from 17.5 ns to less than 2 ns (one clock period), and the consistency is improved by above than 9 times, ensuring that the frame frequency of the super-array image sensor with a scale of 100 million pixels can reach more than 10 frames.
A review of recent advances in integrated laser remelting and laser cladding processes
Authors: Deng Rui , Mao Muhua , Zhao Chunjiang , Ouyang Changyao , Wei Runze , Li Huan , Liu Haiyang
Published: May 2024

Laser cladding uses a high-energy laser beam as a heat source to rapidly melt and solidify the cladding material onto the substrate to form a high-performance coating. This technology provides an efficient and economical method to repair and remanufacture precision equipment such as engines and spacecraft. However, the inherent non-equilibrium solidification properties of laser cladding often lead to problems such as coating anisotropy, high porosity, and elemental segregation. Optimizing process parameters and heat treatment do not always eliminate these defects. Therefore, it is necessary to seek a more appropriate solution. Introducing laser remelting on the surface or between the layers of the coating to cause it to remelt and redistribute can refine the grain size, reduce defects, and improve the uniformity of the composition, thus enhancing the performance of the coating. This paper reviews and summarizes the application and development status of laser remelting technology in laser cladding and discusses it in terms of surface quality, hardness, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance of the coating. It also identifies the potential of external field-assisted laser remelting technology in further optimizing coating performance. Finally, based on the review, suggestions are provided for selecting remelting parameters.
Breast Cancer Local Recurrence Risk in Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction with Macrotexturized and Microtexturized Prosthesis: A Multicentric Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Vinci Valeriano , Klinger Francesco , Di Giuli Riccardo , Lisa Andrea Vittorio Emanuele , Catania Barbara , Vaccari Stefano , Caimi Edoardo , Pitassi Emanuele , Filippo Jacopo Di , Gentile Damiano , Tinterri Corrado , Janszen Gerardus Johannes , Klinger Marco
Published: May 2024

Background Nowadays, implant-based breast reconstruction is a common technique after mastectomy. The widespread use of implant employment is prompting significant concerns regarding the oncological safety of prostheses and the potential impact of surface texture on the recurrence of local breast cancer. This article examines the oncological outcomes associated with postmastectomy breast reconstructions using micro- and macrotexturized implants, focusing on the incidence and relative risk (RR).

Materials and Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients admitted to Multimedica group (IRCCS, San Giovanni Hospital, Milan) and ICH groups (Humanitas Clinical Institute, Milan) between January 2003 and September 2020. Minimum follow-up considered was of 1 year.

Patients submitted to either complete or nipple-spearing mastectomy, who underwent breast reconstruction with macrotexturized or microtexturized prosthesis, were included in group A and B, respectively.

Results A total of 646 patients met the basic inclusion and exclusion criteria. Group A included 410 (63.5%) patients and group B included 236 (36.5%). Cancer recurrence absolute risk in group A was 5.6 ± 2.2% and in group B was of 2.1 ± 1.8%. RR for breast cancer recurrence in group A compared to group B was of 2.65; confidence interval 95% (1.02; 6.87). Statistical analysis identified a higher local recurrence risk in patients reconstructed with macrotexturized prosthesis (p-value 0.036).

Conclusion This study detected a higher risk for local breast cancer recurrence associated to macrotexturized breast implants employment. Further investigations are required to verify these outcomes.
Japan’s construction of defensive fortifications and its implications for East Asian relations during the Tang dynasty
Authors: Li Zhuang , Liu Kehua
Published: May 2024

Japan’s construction of fortifications throughout its history has been a subject of scholarly interest. Japan has been building fortifications for generations, from Muzuki and stone fortifications at home to Japanese fortifications on the Korean peninsula. While it is commonly believed that the need for castle building in Japan emerged after the Battle of Baekgang, this paper suggests that Japan’s sense of external tensions predates this event. Specifically, this paper examines the construction of defensive fortifications at Itojo and Onojo during the Tang Dynasty and its implications for Japan’s relations with East Asia. Through an analysis of historical records and archeological evidence, this paper argues that the construction of Onojo may have begun as early as around AD 650, challenging the prevailing view in academic circles, which holds that Onojo was built after the defeat of Baekgang. By examining the development of Japan’s relations with East Asia during this period, this paper sheds light on the geopolitical significance of Japan’s construction of defensive fortifications.
High-temperature insulating ferromagnetic state in charge-disproportionated and spin-state-disproportionated strained SrCoO2.5 thin film
Authors: Chowdhury Sourav , Jana Anupam , Rawat Ritu , Yadav Priyanka , Islam Rajibul , Xue Fei , Mandal A. K. , Sarkar Sumit , Mishra Rajan , Venkatesh R. , Phase D. M. , Choudhary R. J.
Published: May 2024

Ferromagnetic insulators (FMIs) have widespread applications in microwave devices, magnetic tunneling junctions, and dissipationless electronic and quantum-spintronic devices. However, the sparsity of the available high-temperature FMIs has led to the quest for a robust and controllable insulating ferromagnetic state. Here, we present compelling evidence of modulation of the magnetic ground state in a SrCoO2.5 (SCO) thin film via strain engineering. The SCO system is an antiferromagnetic insulator with a Neel temperature, TN, of ∼550 K. Applying in-plane compressive strain, the SCO thin film reveals an insulating ferromagnetic state with an extraordinarily high Curie temperature, TC, of ∼750 K. The emerged ferromagnetic state is associated with charge-disproportionation (CD) and spin-state-disproportionation (SSD), involving high-spin Co2+ and low-spin Co4+ ions. The density functional theory calculation also produces an insulating ferromagnetic state in the strained SCO system, consistent with the CD and SSD, which is associated with the structural ordering in the system. Transpiring the insulating ferromagnetic state through modulating the electronic correlation parameters via strain engineering in the SCO thin film will have a significant impact in large areas of modern electronic and spintronic applications.
Topological magnetoresistance of magnetic skyrmionic bubbles
Authors: Li Fei , Nie Hao , Zhao Yu , Zhao Zhihe , Huo Juntao , Wang Tianyang , Liao Zhaoliang , Liu Andi , Guo Hanjie , Shen Hongxian , Jiang Sida , Chen Renjie , Yan Aru , Cheong S.-W. , Xia Weixing , Sun Jianfei , Zhang Lunyong
Published: May 2024

Magnetic skyrmions offer promising prospects for constructing future energy-efficient and high-density information technology, leading to extensive explorations of new skyrmionic materials recently. The topological Hall effect has been widely adopted as a distinctive marker of skyrmion emergence. Alternately, here we propose a novel signature of skyrmion state by quantitatively investigating the magnetoresistance (MR) induced by skyrmionic bubbles in CeMn2Ge2. An intriguing finding was revealed: the anomalous MR measured at different temperatures can be normalized into a single curve, regardless of sample thickness. This behavior can be accurately reproduced by the recent chiral spin textures MR model. Further analysis of the MR anomaly allowed us to quantitatively examine the effective magnetic fields of various scattering channels. Remarkably, the analyses, combined with the Lorentz transmission electron microscopy results, indicate that the in-plane scattering channel with triplet exchange interactions predominantly governs the magnetotransport in the Bloch-type skyrmionic bubble state. Our results not only provide insights into the quantum correction on MR induced by skyrmionic bubble phase, but also present an electrical probing method for studying chiral spin texture formation, evolution, and their topological properties, which opens up exciting possibilities for identifying new skyrmionic materials and advancing the methodology for studying chiral spin textures.
Natural variation of immune epitopes reveals intrabacterial antagonism
Authors: Stevens Danielle M. , Moreno-Pérez Alba , Weisberg Alexandra J. , Ramsing Charis , Fliegmann Judith , Zhang Ning , Madrigal Melanie , Martin Gregory , Steinbrenner Adam , Felix Georg , Coaker Gitta
Published: May 2024

Plants and animals detect biomolecules termed microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) and induce immunity. Agricultural production is severely impacted by pathogens which can be controlled by transferring immune receptors. However, most studies use a single MAMP epitope and the impact of diverse multicopy MAMPs on immune induction is unknown. Here, we characterized the epitope landscape from five proteinaceous MAMPs across 4,228 plant-associated bacterial genomes. Despite the diversity sampled, natural variation was constrained and experimentally testable. Immune perception in both
Arabidopsis
and tomato depended on both epitope sequence and copy number variation. For example, Elongation Factor Tu is predominantly single copy, and 92% of its epitopes are immunogenic. Conversely, 99.9% of bacterial genomes contain multiple cold shock proteins, and 46% carry a nonimmunogenic form. We uncovered a mechanism for immune evasion, intrabacterial antagonism, where a nonimmunogenic cold shock protein blocks perception of immunogenic forms encoded in the same genome. These data will lay the foundation for immune receptor deployment and engineering based on natural variation.
Another ‘language that failed’?
Authors: King Ross
Published: May 2024

This paper examines the linguistic features of Korean-language publications issued in the Russian Far East (RFE)
between 1922 and 1937, the year all Koreans in the RFE were deported to Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan, and tries to answer the
questions “Can we speak of a separate ‘Soviet’ Korean written language, and if so, what were its defining characteristics?”
Moreover, “If there was a ‘Soviet’ Korean written language, or at least the appearances of such, was this by
design or by accident?” In order to answer these questions, the paper examines published materials in Korean from the RFE
alongside metalinguistic statements about the Korean language and Korean language policy penned by relevant
Korean intellectuals and Soviet commentators.

The main argument is that we can indeed detect an incipient case of ‘language making’ and the beginnings of a
distinct ‘Soviet Korean’ written language congealing in the years leading up to the deportation of 1937. But this was more by
accident than by design, and owed on the one hand to the peculiar constellation of language policies, Soviet Korean language and
orthographic ideologies, and Korean dialect facts in the RFE, and on the other hand to the relative shallowness of Korean language
standardization on the peninsula itself.

Any further developments in the way of Soviet Korean ‘language making’ were nipped in the bud by the deportation
of 1937 and the discontinuation of Korean language education in schools from 1938. As a result, written Soviet Korean ceased to
exist, and spoken Soviet Korean – Koryŏmal – became completed “unroofed”; the Soviet Koreans became a “rag doll
nation” within the USSR, and spoken Soviet Korean/Koryŏmal became a “rag doll language.”
(Im)polite uses of vocatives in present-day Madrilenian Spanish
Authors: De Latte Fien
Published: May 2024

The present study aims to examine the socio-pragmatic scope of vocatives in present-day colloquial Spanish. As
prototypical deictic markers, directly calling upon the addressee, vocatives are considered crucial mechanisms in the creation and
maintaining of interpersonal relationships during interaction. This deictic potential makes them highly appropriate strategies at
the service of face work and (im)politeness. However, the relation between (Spanish) vocatives and (im)politeness has scarcely
been explored. In an attempt to fill this research gap, the present analysis empirically examines the socio-pragmatic functions
related to the expression of (im)politeness that the Spanish vocative is able to fulfill in colloquial conversations. The results
show that its socio-pragmatic multifunctionality needs to be evaluated in the broad context, not only by taking into account the
hosting speech act and the vocative’s semantic features, but also extra-linguistic parameters, such as the interpersonal
relationship and the speaker’s age.
Massless Dirac perturbations of black holes in f(Q) gravity: quasinormal modes and a weak deflection angle
Authors: Al-Badawi Ahmad , Kumar Jha Sohan
Published: May 2024

This article considers a static and spherical black hole (BH) in f(Q) gravity. f(Q) gravity is the extension of symmetric teleparallel general relativity, where both curvature and torsion are vanishing and gravity is described by nonmetricity. In this study, we investigate the possible implications of quasinormal mode (QNM) modified Hawking spectra and deflection angles generated by the model. The Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin method is used to solve the equations of motion for massless Dirac perturbation fields and explore the impact of the nonmetricity parameter (Q
0). Based on the QNM computation, we can ensure that the BH is stable against massless Dirac perturbations and as Q
0 increases the oscillatory frequency of the mode decreases. We then discuss the weak deflection angle in the weak field limit approximation. We compute the deflection angle up to the fourth order of approximation and show how the nonmetricity parameter affects it. We find that the Q
0 parameter reduces the deflection angle.
Universal republic or confederation of democracies?
Authors: Koenig-Archibugi Mathias
Published: May 2024

This chapter compares a democratic world state with a confederation of democracies and assesses arguments about their relative normative advantages. It uses machine learning and statistical simulations to predict the level of participatory, deliberative, liberal, and egalitarian democracy that we would expect a hypothetical world polity to have, given the world’s level of ethnic, religious, and linguistic diversity, economic inequality, population size, and other features. The democratic quality of the world state would be comparable and perhaps higher than in the average state. The chapter then assesses concerns that a democratic world state would fail to respect and accommodate the legitimate diversity of policy values among the people of the world, and that it would have a serious problem of persistent minorities. The empirical evidence does not support such concerns. The chapter also presents empirical evidence that governments’ monopoly of international decision-making suppresses the ability of major domestic groups to express distinctive concerns and priorities at the international level.
Solid-Liquid Interactions in Deep Planetary Interiors
Authors: Wilson Alfred , Walker Andrew , Alfè Dario , Davies Chris
Published: May 2024

Alfred Wilson, Andrew Walker, Dario Alfè and Chris Davies report on a meeting bringing together experimental, theoretical, and observational studies of the deep mantles and cores of terrestrial bodies
What Was the Restoration Church of England?
Authors: Haigh Christopher
Published: May 2024

In 1680 the controversy that followed two high-profile London sermons brought into the public arena bitter divisions among the clergy of the Church of England about the nature of their Church. Was the Church of England a society of Christians united by faith and governed as seemed appropriate to English conditions? Or was it one local part of a distinct and sacred institution, the mechanism of eternal salvation, established by Christ and organised and immutable according to his will? Those who held the second view (one of them was instantly characterised as ‘the High-Church-Man’) damned their opponents as Erastians, Hobbists and latitudinarians, and accused them of betraying the Church to the state and the nonconformists. Their insistence on the separate identity and authority of the Church led some of them into schism after the revolution of 1688–9, when the state brusquely asserted its power over the Church and removed and replaced several bishops. The controversy of the 1680s suggests that the Restoration Church was much less coherent and united than some influential accounts have suggested, and that divisions within it were not the product of the Glorious Revolution and the later growth of a ‘High Church’ party. There were already conflicting conceptions of what the Church of England actually was, and crucial differences over how souls could get to heaven.
Aging and Olfactory Training: A Scoping Review
Authors: Loughnane Megan , Tischler Victoria , Khalid Saifeldeen Reem , Kontaris Emily
Published: May 2024

Background and Objectives

Decreased olfactory function commonly occurs alongside the aging process. Research suggests olfactory training (OT) has the potential to improve olfactory and cognitive function in individuals with and without olfactory dysfunction. The degree to which these benefits extend into older age and among those with cognitive impairment (i.e., people with dementia and mild cognitive impairment) is less clear. The purpose of the current review was to investigate the extent to which OT affects olfactory function, cognition, and well-being among older people.

Research Design and Methods

A scoping review of the literature was conducted in PubMed, Embase, EbscoHost, and SCOPUS. Articles were considered eligible for original research studies with human populations, included adults aged 55 and older, performed any type of OT, and included a form of olfactory testing. The data from the included studies were synthesized and presented narratively.

Results

A total of 23 studies were included. The results suggest that OT provides multiple benefits to older adults, including those with cognitive impairment. Particularly, OT was associated with measurable changes in olfactory function, improved cognitive function, specifically semantic verbal fluency and working memory, reduced depressive symptoms, and protection from cognitive decline.

Discussion and Implications

The findings suggest that benefits from OT extend beyond changes in olfactory function and include improved cognitive function, amelioration of depressive symptoms, and protection from cognitive decline. Future research is needed across specific participant groups, including those with differentiated types of dementia, to investigate the olfactory and cognitive benefits of OT.
Cohomology of ℤ-Local Systems on Complex Hyperplane Arrangement Complements
Authors: Liu Yongqiang , Maxim Laurenţiu , Wang Botong
Published: May 2024

We prove a Cohen-Dimca-Orlik-type theorem for rank one ${\mathbb{Z}}$-local systems on complex hyperplane arrangement complements. This settles a recent conjecture of S. Sugawara.
Askey–Wilson Signed Measures and Open ASEP in the Shock Region
Authors: Wang Yizao , Wesołowski Jacek , Yang Zongrui
Published: May 2024

We introduce a family of multi-dimensional Askey–Wilson signed measures. We offer an explicit description of the stationary measure of the open asymmetric simple exclusion process (ASEP) in the full phase diagram, in terms of integrations with respect to these Askey–Wilson signed measures. Using our description, we provide a rigorous derivation of the density profile and limit fluctuations of open ASEP in the entire shock region, including the high and low density phases as well as the coexistence line. This in particular confirms the existing physics postulations of the density profile.