bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diabetes and Cardiorenal Complications: A Clinical Review of Existing Therapies and Novel Combinations, Focusing on SGLT2 Inhibitors
Authors: Kale Ajinath , Sharma Anshima , Anders Hans-Joachim , Gaikwad Anil Bhanudas
Published: August 2022

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a set of metabolic disorders specified by hyperglycemia as a result of abnormalities in insulin secretion or sensitivity. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are the widespread co-morbidities of T2DM and share risk factors for onset and progression. Despite numerous mono- and combination therapies exist, the progression of diabetes complications remains a global health concern. Treatment options for diabetic- CKD and CVD include drugs targeting hyperglycemia, hypertension, albuminuria, hyperlipidemia and the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS). The sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 channel (SGLT2) is abundantly present in proximal tubules of the kidney and its capacity to recover glucose and sodium from the glomerular filtrate limits urinary glucose and sodium excretion. SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) reduce sodium and glucose reabsorption in the proximal and thus increase urinary glucose excretion in T2DM. SGLT2i monotherapy can improve but dual SGLT2/RAAS inhibition or SGLT2i along with other classes of drugs are more effective in protecting the kidneys and the cardiovascular system in patients with and without diabetes. Combinations such as empagliflozin and linagliptin, ertugliflozin and metolazone, dapagliflozin and sacubitril- valsartan and many more show promising results. Here, we have reviewed the ongoing and completed clinical trials, addressed current theories, and discussed necessary future research to explain the possible risks and benefits of using an SGLT2i alone and in combination with existing antidiabetic drugs and drugs acting on the cardiovascular system.
Nephroprotective Effect of Cinnamon cassia and Azadirachta indica on Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Miao Xiangyang , Jabeen Farhat , Shabbir Samina , Boruah Prerona , Kulyar Muhammad Fakhar-e-Alam , Bhutta Zeeshan Ahmad , Nawaz Mohsin , Ashar Ambreen , Mahfooz Ashar , Khan Muhammad Saleem , Mengal Kifayatullah
Published: August 2022

Introduction:

Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) has gained a lot of focus in today’s world owing to its wide usage in several industries. The hazardous effects of TiO2 and its nanoparticles are also slowly revealing. The need for a proper cure of these toxic effects is of utmost importance. Due to its few side effects, medicinal plants can be an efficient source of remedy but are least considered compared to synthetic medicines. Cinnamomum cassia and Azadirachta indica are the most common of such medicinal plants used extensively in Pakistan and India. In this study, we carried out experiments to know the toxic effects of TiO2 nanoparticles in kidneys using a murine model and observed the ameliorating effects of Cinnamomum cassia and Azadirachta indica on the toxicity of TIO2 nanoparticles.

Methods:

Rats were given a subcutaneous injection of TiO2 nanoparticles at the dose of 150mg/kg body weight for 28 days along with oral administration of Cinnamomum cassia and Azadirachta indica alone and in combination.

Results and Discussion:

Both Cinnamomum cassia and Azadirachta indica at doses of 100 or 150mg/kg reduced the toxic effects of TiO2 nanoparticles evident from reduced alterations in kidney histopathology and also decreased DNA damage.

Conclusion:

It was concluded that Cinnamomum cassia and Azadirachta indica showed remedial or healing effects against nephrotoxicity in rats exposed to TiO2 sublethal doses.
Content Validity of the AHRQ Health Care Professional Survey on Informed Consent: A Methodological Study
Authors: Abu Alhaijaa Eyad , Abu Moghli Fathieh
Published: August 2022

Objective:

To assess the content validity of the Agency for Health Research and Quality (AHRQ) healthcare professional survey on informed consent.

Background:

The AHRQ has developed the healthcare professional survey on informed consent to assess the impact of the informed consent quality improvement training module on the healthcare professional knowledge, practices, and attitudes about informed consent.

Methods:

A qualitative study was carried out as part of a doctorate student dissertation study to assess the healthcare providers' and patients' perspectives and experiences on the informed consent process utilizing a descriptive, cross-sectional study design. The researchers have contacted 13 experts by email, asking for their voluntary support to validate the survey. The researchers adopted five domains of content validity measures, including relevancy, sufficiency, simplicity, clarity, and ambiguity. A four-point Likert scale was adopted and communicated to the experts to guide their scoring criteria. Preliminary pilot testing was done to assess the psychometric properties of the newly modified tool.

Results:

Seven experts have responded and shared their feedback either through email or hard copies, representing a response rate of 53.8%. Only one survey item scored less than 0.78 on I-CVI and was dropped from the survey. One subscale, “the Informed consent process overall effectiveness,” was dropped from the study as it falls below the acceptable level of 0.9. All edits requested by the experts' panel were done. The psychometric properties were then tested, and further enhancement of the tool was done to reach the acceptable Cronbach's alpha level.

Conclusion:

The AHRQ initiated the first stage of survey item development, and this study continued the efforts by validating the content of the survey and testing its content validity. The final poll was judged to have excellent content validity, good psychometric properties, and 41 items.
Intravenous Medication Errors Among ICU Nurses: Differences In Knowledge Attitudes And Behavior
Authors: Hamdan Khaldoun M. , Albqoor Maha A. , Shaheen Abeer M.
Published: August 2022

Background:

Intravenous (IV) medication errors can lead to serious complications for ICU patients. ICU nurses' knowledge, training, attitudes, and behaviors toward medication errors are insufficiently investigated.

Objectives:

This study aims at investigating knowledge, behaviors, training, and attitudes among ICU nurses during the preparation and administration of IV medications and examining their differences according to certain variables.

Methods:

A cross-sectional-correlational design was used in this study. A convenience sampling technique included 206 ICU nurses from different types of hospitals in Jordan. The knowledge, attitudes and behavior related to medication errors questionnaire were used to collect data. Descriptive statistics, t-test, Pearson correlation, and Kruskal-Wallis H test were used to analyze the data.

Results:

ICU nurses showed adequate knowledge regarding IV medication preparation and administration, with gaps in basic professional behaviors. About 81.6% of the ICU nurses considered dosage calculation of intravenous drugs to reduce preparation errors. 81.1% of respondents agreed that clinical skills about the safe management of drug therapy should be regularly evaluated. Only (87.9%) of the ICU nurses agreed that handwashing is necessary before drug preparation and administration. Despite that 90.8% received training related to the preparation and administration of IV medications during undergraduate study, about 23.3% didn’t receive topics related to the preparation and administration of IV drugs treated during the POST-basic courses. This study showed a strong positive correlation between ICU nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors.

Conclusion:

Education is essential to nurses’ feeling safe at administering medications, especially in critical care units, which may affect their attitudes and behaviors. Continuous education that meets the needs of nurses is essential, along with continuous monitoring and evaluation of clinical practices to maintain safe and efficient medication practices and reduce related errors.
A Comprehensive Review on Onosma bracteata Wall.: A Controversial Medicinal Herb in Ayurveda
Authors: Vegad Udaykumar G. , Pandya Devang J.
Published: August 2022

Onosma bracteata Wall., a perennial herb explicitly found in North-Western Himalayas at altitudes of 3500-4500 m, is considered the official species of Gojihva in Ayurveda and is one of the species considered as Unani Gaozaban. The current review highlights the correlation of traditional uses with pharmacological activities, phytochemistry, formulations, and patents associated with the plant. The review is prepared from information retrieved through electronic and library searches. Additionally, traditional medicines and ethnopharmacology books and journals were referred to get customary records of the plant. The plant is used traditionally for heart problems, respiratory problems, urinary problems, fever, toxicity, and other related diseases. Preliminary pharmacological studies revealed anti-asthmatic, anticancer, anxiolytic, smooth muscle relaxant, antiageing activities, and heavy metal absorbent characteristics. The plant is rich in various macro and micro-elements, having mucilaginous content with a high swelling index. Forty-five compounds have been reported so far, including six new compounds. Though used in various traditional and marketed polyherbal formulations, no formulations and patents exist mentioning plant or plant-derived extract or compounds as sole ingredients. The detailed data analysis revealed some correlations between traditional knowledge and current scientific investigations. However, detailed pharmacological studies are required to thoroughly evaluate traditional uses scientifically and discover their mechanisms of action. The review article stipulates a vast commercial and intellectual potential to explore the plant through scientific investigations.
Is Child Maltreatment a Risk Factor for Borderline Personality Disorder? A Systematic Review of Prospective Longitudinal Studies
Authors: Girard Marie-Sarah , Morizot Julien
Published: August 2022

Background:

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a clinical condition associated with numerous individual and collective negative consequences. According to several etiological theories and retrospective research, child maltreatment (CM) may be considered a central factor explaining BPD development.

Objectives:

In order to verify this hypothesis, a systematic review of prospective longitudinal studies was conducted.

Methods:

Following searches in five electronic databases, 19 articles that examined the relationship between CM (i.e., physical, sexual and emotional abuse; physical and emotional neglect) and BPD (i.e., diagnosis or severity score) were selected.

Results:

Overall, the results only partly confirm the hypothesis that CM is a risk factor for BPD. Evidence for a prospective relationship between CM and later BPD is stronger in studies using a symptom count compared to a categorical diagnosis. However, the small number of studies precludes assessing the differential impacts between CM types and BPD.

Conclusion:

Available prospective longitudinal studies do not unequivocally support the idea that CM is a robust risk factor for BPD. Future research needs are discussed.
Recent Advances in Analysis and Detection of Tuberculosis System in
Chest X-Ray Using Artificial Intelligence (AI) Techniques: A Review
Authors: Ibrahim S. Jafar Ali , Kumar Vaneet , Suchitra Shanmugam , Sathya Mariappan , Sahini Varsha , Kalyan Chakravarthy N. Surya , Saruchi
Published: August 2022

Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes tuberculosis (TB), a bacterial illness. Although the germs are most typically found in the lungs, they can affect other sections of the body as well. Tuberculosis is one of the primary causes of mortality in both developed and developing nations, necessitating worldwide attention. Even though TB may be prevented in the majority of instances if discovered and treated early, the number of deaths caused by the disease is quite high. There has been a significant increase in interest and research activity in TB detection in recent years. The new advancement in the field of AI Technology may be able to assist them in overcoming these development gaps. Computer-Aided Detection and Diagnosis (CADD) aids in the diagnosis of diseases by analysing symptoms and X-ray images of patients. Many solutions are currently being developed to improve the effectiveness of TB diagnosis classification using AI and DL approaches. Although a variety of TB detection techniques have been developed, there is no commonly acknowledged method. The purpose of this study is to give a survey on Tuberculosis Detection. It also emphasises the difficulty and complexity of the Tuberculosis Detection System's design.
On the issue of taking into account the light climate in the calculation and design of natural lighting in buildings
Authors: Guketlov H. M. , Srukov I. Z.
Published: August 2022

Objective. The aim of the study is to develop an algorithm for the method of calculating the area of light openings of buildings, which allows the transition to a differentiated accounting of light climate resources at any geographical point.

Method. The study is based on methods for designing natural lighting in buildings.

Result. The mathematical model of the light regime of premises has been improved, taking into account the peculiarities of the redistribution of light fluxes in the designs of skylights, rectangular lamps and in inclined lighting devices.

Conclusion. On the basis of calculations using a mathematical model, the coefficients of the light climate for the city of Nalchik were obtained, the use of which will allow, with the improvement of the microclimate in the premises, to increase the technical and economic efficiency of natural lighting systems.
Features of regional parameters of soil fluctuations as a basis for making an optimal design decision
Authors: Zainulabidova H. R. , Gasanov R. G.
Published: August 2022

Objective. The purpose of these studies is to develop a methodology for assessing the seismic hazard of territories and a methodology for making an optimal design decision based on various criteria, including criteria for quantitative parameters of soil vibrations, taking into account regional peculiarities.

Method. Estimation of quantitative parameters of seismic events registered on the territory of the Republic of Dagestan and adjacent areas by analytical and numerical methods. Determination of the reliability of buildings based on probabilistic models.

Result. A method for estimating the parameters of soil vibrations based on the processing of instrumental records of known earthquakes, taking into account the characteristics of soils, is proposed. A method for making an optimal design decision is proposed, taking into account the parameters of soil vibrations and other target functions.

Conclusion. The analysis of the obtained results showed that with an increase in the thickness of the loose layer, the magnitude of the maximum acceleration increases, the range of unstable fluctuations of the periods at the same time lies in the range of 0.1-0.5 seconds. The construction of buildings should be based on the parameters of the vibrations of the soils of the construction site, taking into account the lithological composition of the soil and other physical and mechanical properties.
Coupling of reinforcement with Tuff concrete on quartz sands prepared on Portland cement without additives and with expanding additives
Authors: Beshtokov B. H. , Tsipinov A. S. , Gusenov A. M. , Kazharov A. R. , Cardanov A. A.
Published: August 2022

Objective. The study of the adhesion of reinforcement with tuff concrete on quartz sands, prepared both on ordinary Portland cement and expanding additives.

Method. The solution is carried out by conducting an experiment, for this purpose, the manufacture and testing of tuff-concrete prisms with one centrally located reinforcing rod of a periodic profile of class A-400 was carried out, within the time limits established by the norms.

Result. According to the results of the experiment, it was found that the adhesion of reinforcement to concrete is mainly determined by the compressive strength of concrete. The strength of the reinforcement's adhesion to concrete increases with the increase in the strength of concrete. In the studied compositions, the effect of the concentration of a large (tuff) filler or an expanding additive was not detected.

Conclusion. The adhesion of reinforcement to concrete is largely determined by the strength of the concrete itself. The type of binder (the presence of an expanding additive) and the concentration of coarse aggregate do not significantly affect the adhesion of reinforcement to concrete. The dependence between the coupling of reinforcement during punching and the strength of concrete is revealed. An assessment (indirect) of the endurance and crack resistance of the coupling can be given by (the value of the conditional coupling) lsl, determined by the length of the visually visible cut of the consoles on concrete samples during penetration tests. In tuff-concrete of the studied compositions, the lcl decreases with an increase in the strength of concrete. In tuff concrete with RD, the endurance and crack resistance of the coupling turned out to be higher compared to tuff concrete on ordinary Portland cement.
Parents’ Perspectives on Their Relationship With Their Adolescent Children With Internet Addiction: Survey Study
Authors: Horita Hideki , Seki Yoichi , Shimizu Eiji
Published: August 2022

Background

Parents of adolescents with internet addiction are confronted with their children’s internet problems on a daily basis. Parents may notice that adolescents with addiction may also have emotional and behavioral problems, including impulsivity and violence. Parenting styles have been found to be related to internet addiction.

Objective

The purpose of this study is to investigate parents’ perspectives on their parenting style, relationship with their child, and the degree of internet addiction and emotional and behavioral problems of their child.

Methods

A web survey was conducted with 600 parents of children between the ages of 12 and 17 years, from October 14 to 18, 2021, across Japan. Respondents were recruited by an internet research company and were asked to complete an anonymous online questionnaire. The survey was divided into two groups: 300 parents who answered “yes” to the question “Do you think your child is dependent on the internet?” and 300 parents who answered “no” to that question. Questionnaires were collected until each group had 300 participants. The questionnaire included (1) the Parent-Child Internet Addiction Test (PCIAT), (2) the daily time spent using the internet, (3) the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), (4) the Parenting Style and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ), and (5) the Relationship Questionnaire (RQ) measuring self-report attachment style prototypes.

Results

Mean scores of the PCIAT and the daily time spent using the internet for the group
with probable internet addiction were significantly higher than those of the group without probable internet addiction (50%; P<.001). The total difficulties score from the SDQ for the group with probable internet addiction (mean 10.87, SD 5.9) was significantly higher than that for the group without probable internet addiction (mean 8.23, SD 5.64; P<.001). The mean score for authoritarian parenting from the PSDQ for the group with probable internet addiction (mean 2.1, SD 0.58) was significantly higher than that for the group without probable internet addiction (mean 2.1, SD 0.58; P<.001). Regarding the RQ, there were no significant differences between the two groups.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that parents who think their child is addicted to the internet may recognize emotional and behavioral problems of the child and have an authoritarian parenting style.
Development of a Web-Based System to Report Medication-Related Adverse Effects: Design and Usability Study
Authors: Lim Renly , Thornton Christopher , Stanek Jan , Ellett Lisa Kalisch , Thiessen Myra
Published: August 2022

Background

Medicine use is the most common intervention in health care. The frequency with which medicines are used means medication-related problems are very common. One common type of medication-related problems is adverse drug events, which are unintended and harmful effects associated with use of medicines. Reporting of adverse drug events to regulatory authorities is important for evaluation of safety of medicines; however, these adverse effects are frequently unreported due to various factors, including lack of consumer-friendly reporting tools.

Objective

The aim of this study was to develop a user-friendly digital tool for consumers to report medication-related adverse effects.

Methods

The project consisted of 3 parts: (1) content development, including a systematic literature search; (2) iterative system development; and (3) usability testing. The project was guided by participatory design principles, which suggest involving key stakeholders throughout the design process. The first 2 versions were developed as a mobile app and were tested with end users in 2 workshops. The third version was developed as a web application and was tested with consumers who were taking regular medicines. Consumers were asked to complete a modified version of the mHealth app usability questionnaire (MAUQ), an 18-item questionnaire with each item scored using a 7-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree). The MAUQ assessed 3 subscales including ease of use (5 items), interface and satisfaction (7 items), and usefulness (6 items). Continuous variables were reported as mean (SD) values, whereas categorical variables were presented as frequencies (percentages). Data analysis was conducted in Microsoft Excel.

Results

The content for the system was based on a systematic literature search and short-listing of questions, followed by feedback from project team members and consumers. Feedback from consumers in the 2 workshops were incorporated to improve the functionality, visual design, and stability of the third (current) version. The third version of the system was tested with 26 consumers. A total of 79% (N=307/390) of all responses on the MAUQ were scored 6 or 7, indicating that users generally strongly agree with the usability of the system. When looking at the individual domains, the system had an average score of 6.3 (SD 0.9) for “ease of use,” 6.3 (SD 0.8) for “interface and satisfaction,” and 5.2 (SD 1.4) for “usefulness.”

Conclusions

The web-based system for medicine adverse effects reporting is a user-friendly tool developed using an iterative participatory design approach. Future research includes further improving the system, particularly the usefulness of the system, as well as testing the scalability and performance of the system in practice.
Investigation of the Functional Requirements and Influencing Factors of Self-management App Use in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: Retrospective Observational Study (Preprint)
Authors: wen juan Han , jingjuan Xu , yun Ye , xianyan Hao , zhifeng Tang , jiao Xue , minxing Yang
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND

Diabetes self-management apps can provide convenient and personalized health information and reduce glycosylated haemoglobin, weight, the occurrence of severe hypoglycaemia and disease burden. This study aims to describe the attitudes towards and needs of self-management apps among diabetic patients in China.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to describe the attitudes towards and needs of self-management apps among diabetic patients in China.

METHODS

A self-administered cross-sectional survey was offered to patients at Changzhou from March to December 2021. Participants were included if they were  18 years old, had the ability to read and write, and completed the questionnaire independently. Responses were summarized using descriptive statistics. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with attitudes towards the use of self-management apps.

RESULTS

We surveyed 615 diabetes patients and found that 60% of the patients were willing to use self-management applications. The scores indicating importance of functional needs were sequentially ordered as follows: contact and interaction with medical practitioners (4.16), reminder to assess blood glucose levels (4.07), alert indicating abnormal blood glucose levels (4.06), medication reminder (3.93), documentation of intake per meal (3.91), calculation of carbohydrate intake (3.85), graphic presentation of blood glucose levels (3.84), setting of personal goals (3.82), reminder to exercise (3.80), and providing diabetes knowledge (3.77). No differences in functional needs were noted between patients with insulin treatment and those without it. Factors influencing the usage of mobile applications included age, occupation, medical insurance and the eHealth Literacy Scale score. The main reason for unwillingness to use self-management applications was a lack of experience using it.

CONCLUSIONS

The functional needs of patients using diabetes self-management apps include contacting and interacting with medical staff, recording and alarming blood glucose, reminding medicine, recording and calculating intake, providing graphic representation of blood glucose, setting health goals, recording exercise and sending diabetes knowledge. Age, occupation, medical insurance and the eHealth Literacy Scale score were the factors influencing willingness to use self-management applications. The main reason for reluctance to use self-management applications was lack of experience.
Comment from a Vitamin D Researcher on “COVID 19 and Vitamin D Misinformation on YouTube: Content Analysis” (Preprint)
Authors: Grant William B.
Published: August 2022

UNSTRUCTURED

The article by Quinn and colleagues claimed that YouTube presentations regarding COVID-19 and vitamin D were rife with misinformation, such as stating that vitamin D has preventative or curative abilities. According to that article, many of the vitamin D recommendations did not align with the current literature for 13 attributes. As outlined in this letter, a more thorough examination of the journal literature, both before and after the date of their last search of the Internet, provides ample evidence that vitamin D can reduce the risk of and treat COVID-19. Unfortunately, they did not find that information and it is not reaching the general public.
FLASH Radiotherapy for the Treatment of Symptomatic Bone Metastases (FAST-01): Protocol for the First Prospective Feasibility Study (Preprint)
Authors: Daugherty Emily C , Mascia Anthony E , Zhang Yongbin , Lee Eunsin , Xiao Zhiyan , Sertorio Mathieu , Woo Jennifer , McCann Claire , Russell Ken , Levine Lisa L , Sharma Ricky A , Khuntia Deepak , Bradley Jeffrey , Simone 2nd Charles B , Perentesis John P , Breneman John C
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND

In preclinical studies, FLASH therapy (radiation delivered at ultra-high dose rates ≥40 Gy/second) has been shown to cause less injury to normal tissues than radiotherapy delivered at conventional dose rates. This first-in-human clinical investigation is designed to assess the workflow feasibility of proton FLASH therapy treatment in a clinical setting for the treatment of painful bone metastases in the extremities. A single dose of 8 Gy will be administered, as this dose is well established for palliative therapy from prior investigations using conventional dose-rate photon radiotherapy. Use of this dose regimen will permit an assessment of FLASH treatment efficacy and toxicity relative to the historical comparators.

OBJECTIVE

The FAST-01 study is a prospective, single-center study. Primary endpoints include assessing the workflow feasibility as well as the toxicities of FLASH treatment. The secondary endpoint is pain response at the treated site(s) as measured by patient reported pain scores, use of pain medication, and any flare in bone pain after treatment.

METHODS

Following informed consent, 10 subjects ≥18 years old with up to 3 painful bone metastases in the extremities (excluding feet, hands, wrists) will be enrolled. A treatment field selected from a pre-defined library of plans with fixed field sizes (from 7.5 cm x 7.5 cm up to 7.5 cm x 20 cm) will be used for treatment, and subjects will receive 8 Gy in a single fraction. A FLASH-enabled Varian ProBeam™ Proton Therapy unit will be used to deliver treatment to the target volume at a dose rate of ≥40 Gy/sec using the plateau (transmission) portion of the proton beam. After treatment, patients will be assessed for pain response as well as any side-effects of FLASH radiation.

RESULTS

Results will be compared to historically reported results with conventional dose-rate photon radiotherapy using the same radiation dose and fractionation.

CONCLUSIONS

The results of this investigation will contribute to further developing and optimizing the FLASH- enabled ProBeam™ Proton Therapy System workflow. The pain response and toxicity data acquired on this study will provide greater understanding of FLASH treatment effects on tumor response and normal tissue toxicities, and they will inform future FLASH trial design.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04592887
A Personalized Mobile Cessation Intervention to Promote Smokers From the Preparation Stage to the Action Stage: Double-blind Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Lin Haoxiang , Wang Ying , Xing Yanling , Han Yinglian , Zhang Chengqian , Luo Ting , Chang Chun
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND

Most mobile cessation studies have found that such interventions have a higher quitting rate than interventions providing minimal smoking cessation support. However, why such interventions are effective has been almost unstudied by researchers.

OBJECTIVE

This paper describes the principles of the personalized mobile cessation intervention-based WeChat app and used generalized estimated equations to assess why a personalized mobile cessation intervention was more likely to promote smokers from the preparation stage to the action stage than a nonpersonalized intervention.

METHODS

This is a 2-arm, double-blind, randomized controlled trial in five cities in China. The intervention group received a personalized mobile cessation intervention. The control group received a nonpersonalized SMS text message smoking cessation intervention. All information was sent by the WeChat app. The outcomes were the change in protection motivation theory construct scores and the change in transtheoretical model stages.

RESULTS

A total of 722 participants were randomly assigned to the intervention or control group. Compared with those who received the nonpersonalized SMS text message intervention, smokers who received the personalized intervention presented lower intrinsic rewards, extrinsic rewards, and response costs. Intrinsic rewards were determinants of stage change, thus explaining why the intervention group was more likely to promote smokers from the preparation stage to the action stage (odds ratio 2.65, 95% CI 1.41-4.98).

CONCLUSIONS

This study identified the psychological determinants at different stages to facilitate smokers moving forward to the next stage of quitting behavior and provides a framework to explore why a smoking cessation intervention is effective.

CLINICALTRIAL

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2100041942; https://tinyurl.com/2hhx4m7f
Extracting virtual modules of diabetes courses for training primary health care professionals: a scoping review (Preprint)
Authors: Nikpour Soghra , Atlasi Rasha , Sanjari Mahnaz , Aalaa Maryam , Heshmat Ramin , Khabaz Mafinejad Mahboobeh , Larijani Bagher , Nomali 2nd Mahin , Mehrdad Neda
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND

There is plenty of evidence on the interventions that can improve outcomes of diabetes. Thus, there is an urgent need to innovate and provide cost-effective ways to optimize the best care for diabetes.

OBJECTIVE

The aim was to examine the components of diabetes courses to extract training virtual modules for training primary health care professionals (PHCPs) (i.e. general practitioners, nurses and nutritionists).

METHODS

In this scoping review, a systematic approach based on the Arksey and O'Malley method was used. In order to develop the modules for diabetes courses, search strategy was developed using main keywords. Also, databases including Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, ERIC and Embase, and Google search engine were searched up to April 10th 2021.

RESULTS

Diabetes training courses have been selected to examine their components to extract training modules. Initially, we found 120 courses related to the training of PHCPs (36 courses for nurses, 25 courses for nutritionists, 38 courses for general practitioners, 18 courses for health care providers and 3 courses for community health workers). All information about 44 courses were available online. The researchers reviewed and removed any courses that did not match the tool the approved by panel of experts, inclusion criteria, and purpose of the study. Thus, we first extracted 23 eligible programs for review. After reviewing the courses, which had outlines, but no modules, they were removed and 15 final programs were considered for extracting the modules. According to the tool developed by the panel of experts, we extracted 9 virtual modules for diabetes courses including principles, prevention or delay, management, complications, education, special conditions, information technology, referral system of diabetes for training PHCPs.

CONCLUSIONS

These virtual modules would be a good foundation for designing a diabetes education course for training PHCPs.

CLINICALTRIAL
Получение методами кристаллизации из расплава некоторых объемных кристаллов фотоники в России. Часть 1
Authors: Наумов А.В. , Старцев В.В.
Published: August 2022

В работе представлен обзор современного состояния методов получения некоторых объемных кристаллов фотоники из расплава. В первой части обзора дан анализ текущего состояния дел в России для некоторых промышленно важных кристаллов фотоники. Отмечены факторы, являющиеся значимыми для современного производства, а также определяющими факторами для контроля состава, структуры, морфологии и других свой­ств промышленных оптических материалов.
Возможности лазерных технологий для снижения биообрастания металлов в водной среде
Authors: Филатов И.А. , Давыдова Е.А. , Щедрина Н.Н. , Пельтек А.О. , Прокопьев В.М. , Одинцова Г.В.
Published: August 2022

В статье предложена технология лазерного структурирования поверхности металлов с целью защиты их поверхности от биообрастания. Данная технология предполагает обработку материала до помещения его в водную среду. В работе использовались сплавы нержавеющей стали и дюралюминия. Рассмотрено влияние лазерного структурирования на угол смачивания и взаимодействие лазерно-­структурированных поверхностей металлов с микроорганизмами в воде. Выявлена положительная динамика в защите от колонизации микроорганизмов на поверхности металлов после лазерной обработки.
Manifestaciones de la violencia contra la mujer: revisión integradora
Authors: Sousa Elayne Kelly Sepedro , de Morais Érica Jorgiana dos Santos , Almeida Camila Aparecida Pinheiro Landim , Sousa Kayo Henrique Jardel Feitosa , de Carvalho Herica Emilia Felix , Sousa Bruna Sabrina de Almeida , Amorim Fernanda Cláudia Miranda , Oliveira Adélia Dalva da Silva
Published: August 2022

Antecedentes: La violencia contra la mujer es un fenómeno complejo que, por su carácter multidimensional, se convierte en un problema creciente a nivel mundial. Objetivo: Identificar la literatura disponible referente a las manifestaciones de la violencia contra la mujer. Métodos: Revisión integradora con búsqueda en las bases de datos PubMed, LILACS y BDENF publicados entre 2013 a 2017, con ayuda de los descriptores: mujeres, mujeres agredidas, violencia contra la mujer, violencia doméstica y violencia por socio íntimo. Resultados: La muestra final consistió en 17 artículos relacionados a la violencia contra la mujer y sus manifestaciones. Los tipos de violencia identificados fueron: violencia física, psicológica / emocional y sexual y sus respectivas manifestaciones, siendo más identificadas las manifestaciones de orden físico. Se identificó asociación entre los tipos de violencia referidos, ya que las características de las agresiones de carácter físico y sexual generan sufrimiento psicológico / emocional. El hombre se presentó como el principal agente agresor. Conclusión: Los profesionales de salud necesitan estar habilitados para actuar mediante los casos de violencia, buscando atender a la víctima de forma integral, atentando para la complejidad de cada situación abordada.
Opiniones públicas en los discursos mediáticos tradicionales-oficiales en Twitter durante las consultas populares: Referendo Constitucional de Cuba en 2019
Authors: Alonso Pérez Milagros , Fonseca Valido Rafael
Published: August 2022

La opinión pública exige trascender lo mediacentrista no solo para la instalación de un auténtico sistema de valores discursivos y simbólicos, sino para la construcción de un objeto cuyos procesos y fenómenos son de naturaleza heterogénea, plural y multinivel, durante los ejercicios de poder para la toma de decisiones sociopolíticas. Cuba, en particular, vivió un contexto trascendental para su historia el 24 de febrero de 2019, tanto en el espacio antropológico como geométrico. De ahí el objetivo de la presente investigación: caracterizar la construcción simbólica de las opiniones públicas de las consultas populares, los medios tradicionales-oficiales y Twitter, en sus discursos relacionados al Referendo Constitucional de Cuba en el curso 2018-2019. El método teórico utilizado es el hermenéutico, auxiliado de los análisis de contenido y del discurso, así como de la minería de datos en la web; este último a través de la aplicación del software Stela 5.2. Los resultados reflejan relaciones ideológicas de tipo Socialismo, Revolución y Patria, e Historia, Unidad y Pueblo, así como eventos comunicativos y textos polarizados, con cambios conversacionales a favor o en contra del proyecto Carta Magna.
Noticias falsas en tiempos de la posverdad
Authors: De la Peña Ricardo
Published: August 2022

Este ensayo aborda el problema genérico de las noticias falsas en las sociedades contemporáneas y cómo afecta en particular a los procesos electorales. Primero se hace una revisión conceptual que lleva a precisar los elementos que permiten la construcción de un discurso calificado como de posverdad y de la propuesta de construcción de una sociedad del conocimiento como fórmula general para su contención, también del modelo de votante informado en el espacio particular de lo electoral.
Immunomodulator Vitamin C: An Adjuvant Therapy in Second Wave of Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Kumar Pradeep , Verma Manish Kumar , Sharma Rachna , Agrawal Rohit , Singh Shashi Prabha , Jaiswal Anoop , Prakash Om , Soni Navneet , Verma Poonam , Siddiqui Areena Hoda , Gupta Shalabh , Sharma Preeti
Published: August 2022

Since its sudden outbreak in December 2019 in Wuhan, A pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 has been announced. Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin with anti-oxidant and immunity-boosting properties. Vitamin C acts as a nutritional supplement profoundly impacting the immune response to the second or third wave of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Vitamin C efficacy as an adjuvant treatment for inflammation and symptoms associated with COVID-19 infection should be investigated further. This report sheds light on the available information on the current clinical trials and pharmacotherapy related to COVID-19. Information available on Pubmed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science databases and EU clinical trials regarding the use of therapeutic agents in patients with COVID-19 was used to perform analysis. Data was taken from 18 clinical trials available in the U.S. National Library of Medicine. All trials that are active, completed, or in the process of recruiting are included in data. Because of majority of clinical trials are still ongoing, specific results and high-quality clinical evidence are lacking. Before being standardised for use, the protocol must undergo large randomised clinical studies using a variety of existing medications and potential therapies. The pivotal role played by vitamins C in maintaining our immune system, is quite apparent. This review is an attempt to summarize the available information regarding the use of vitamin C as an adjuvant therapy in COVID-19 patients.
AcrAB-TolC Efflux Pump Mediated Resistance to Carbapenems among Clinical Isolates of Enterobacteriaceae
Authors: Sekar Priyadharshini , Mamtora Dhruv , Bhalekar Pallavi , Krishnan Padma
Published: August 2022

AcrAB-TolC is a resistance nodulation division type of efflux pump present in Enterobacteriaceae. It non-specifically effluxes antibiotics out of the bacterial cell, thus conferring drug resistance. Increase in the expression of the AcrAB-TolC efflux pump increases resistance to antibiotics. We aimed to study the expression levels of acrA and acrB that encodes AcrAB-TolC efflux pump, to understand efflux pump mediated resistance to carbapenem among clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae obtained from various clinical samples. Additionally, co -production of carbapenemase was also detected in the isolates demonstrating efflux pump mediated resistance to carbapenems. A total of 127 carbapenem resistant clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae, isolated from a tertiary care hospital were included in the study. An efflux pump inhibition (EPI) assay with reserpine, an efflux pump inhibitor, was performed to screen for isolates exhibiting efflux pump activity. Real Time Reverse Transcriptase qPCR was performed to detect the mRNA over expression levels of acrA and acrB that encodes AcrAB-TolC efflux pump. The control strains K. pneumoniae BAA2146 and E. coli AcrB were used. EPI assay with carbapenem showed that 56 /127(44%) isolates were screen positive indicating efflux pump activity. A total of 12 isolates showed 101 to 107 increase in the expression of both acrA and acrB when compared with the controls indicating a strong efflux pump activity, in addition to producing carbapenemase. The study highlights the role of efflux pump AcrAB-TolC in conferring resistance to carbapenem among clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae.
User Studies
Authors: More Sameer P.
Published: August 2022

Abstract: The present paper attempts to study the concept of a user study. Information centers and research centers do not seem to meet the needs of the user. The user has been deprived for many years. User studies are mainly about library readers and the use of libraries. There is a huge amount of information being created in the world today, but if there is no use to read it, then the value of that information is zero. The library has a huge collection of books, but if you do not have the class to use it, then the library will not be of any use. Alternatively, the library will not be developed. User Study is a staff student as well as a researcher who needs to know information about different types of users.
Face Mask Detection and Classification System Using Deep Learning
Authors: Kumar M. Dinesh , Sreerambabu Dr. J. , Kalidasan S.
Published: August 2022

Abstract: COVID-19 pandemic caused by novel corona virus is unendingly spreading up to now everywhere the planet. The impact of COVID-19 has been fallen on the majority sectors of development. The health care system goes through a crisis. several preventative measures are taken to cut back the unfold of this sickness wherever carrying a mask is most significant one in all them. In this paper, we have a tendency to propose a system that restricts the expansion of COVID-19 by looking for people that aren't carrying any facial mask in a very good town network wherever all the general public places area unit monitored with television system (CCTV) cameras. While someone while not a mask is detected, the corresponding authority is educated through the town network. A deep learning design is trained on a dataset that consists of pictures of individuals with and while not masks collected from numerous sources. The trained design achieved ninety-eight accuracies on characteristic folks with and while not a facial mask for antecedently unseen check knowledge. It's hoped that our study would be a useful gizmo to cut back the unfold of this disease for several countries within the world. A mask detection dataset consists of with mask and while not mask pictures, we have a tendency to area unit planning to use OpenCV to try to period of time face detection from a live stream via our digital camera We will use the dataset to create a COVID-19 mask detector with pc vision exploitation Python, OpenCV, and Tensor Flow and Kera’s. Our goal is to spot whether or not the person on image/video stream carrying a mask or not with the assistance of pc vision and deep learning
Making science communication inclusive: an exploratory study of choices, challenges and change mechanisms in the United States from an emerging movement
Authors: Menezes Sunshine , Murray-Johnson Kayon , Smith Hollie , Trautmann Hannah , Azizi Mehri
Published: August 2022

This qualitative study explores perspectives of U.S.A.-based science communication researchers and practitioners who attended a symposium focused on advancing inclusive science communication (ISC). ISC is a growing global movement that aims to center equity, inclusion, and marginalized perspectives in science communication. Findings underscore the complexity of systemic barriers to ISC, the critical need for resource sharing and network building, and the importance of evaluation frameworks. The authors also highlight critical dialogue as a strategic tool that might help support intentional, reciprocal, and reflexive practices in science communication.
Three numerical approaches to find mutually unbiased bases using Bell inequalities
Authors: Colomer Maria Prat , Mortimer Luke , Frérot Irénée , Farkas Máté , Acín Antonio
Published: August 2022

Mutually unbiased bases correspond to highly useful pairs of measurements in quantum information theory. In the smallest composite dimension, six, it is known that between three and seven mutually unbiased bases exist, with a decades-old conjecture, known as Zauner's conjecture, stating that there exist at most three. Here we tackle Zauner's conjecture numerically through the construction of Bell inequalities for every pair of integers n,d≥2 that can be maximally violated in dimension d if and only if n MUBs exist in that dimension. Hence we turn Zauner's conjecture into an optimisation problem, which we address by means of three numerical methods: see-saw optimisation, non-linear semidefinite programming and Monte Carlo techniques. All three methods correctly identify the known cases in low dimensions and all suggest that there do not exist four mutually unbiased bases in dimension six, with all finding the same bases that numerically optimise the corresponding Bell inequality. Moreover, these numerical optimisers appear to coincide with the ``four most distant bases'' in dimension six, found through numerically optimising a distance measure in [P. Raynal, X. Lü, B.-G. Englert, {Phys. Rev. A}, { 83} 062303 (2011)]. Finally, the Monte Carlo results suggest that at most three MUBs exist in dimension ten.