bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Los efectos de la atrición en el complejo pulpo-dentinario. Revisión narrativa

//Effects of attrition on the pulp-dentine complex. Narrative review
Authors: Zmener Osvaldo , Boetto Ana Cecilia
Published: December 2024

La atrición dental es una condición funcional provocada por el contacto entre las piezas dentarias superiores e inferiores durante los movimientos de oclusión, que produce la pérdida paulatina de esmalte y dentina en una proporción que aumenta en función del tiempo transcurrido. Cuando la pérdida de estas estructuras es excesiva, se la considera como una condición patológica. En los casos severos de atrición, el esmalte puede perderse totalmente dejando la dentina expuesta a la penetración y contaminación bacteriana. La pulpa generalmente reacciona mediante procesos degenerativos, inflamación, necrosis o bien puede reaccionar depositando tejido mineralizado, que en ocasiones produce la obliteración del sistema de conductos radiculares. En el presente trabajo se analizan diferentes aspectos relacionados con la alteración de las estructuras calcificadas, los cambios histológicos que ocurren en la pulpa y las dificultades para el diagnóstico y tratamiento, especialmente en los casos donde la atrición dental se manifiesta en forma severa.
Palabras clave: Atrición, calcificación pulpar, oclusión, tomografía computada de haz cónico, tratamiento endodóntico.

//Abstract
Dental attrition is a functional condition caused by maxillary and mandibular teeth contact during occlusion movements, causing the gradual loss of enamel and dentin in a proportion that increases depending on the time elapsed.
When the loss of these structures is excessive, it is defined as a pathological condition. In cases of severe attrition, the enamel can be completely lost leaving the dentin exposed to bacterial penetration and contamination. The pulpal tissues generally react through degenerative processes, inflammation, necrosis or it can react by depositing mineralized tissue, which sometimes produces obliteration of the root canal system. In this study, aspects related to the alteration of calcified structures, the histological changes that occur in the pulp, and the challenges in diagnosis and treatment are analyzed, especially in cases where dental attrition manifests in a severe form.
Key words: Attrition, cone-beam computed tomography, endodontic treatment, occlusion, pulp calcification.
Study of histopathological characteristics and hormonal receptors biomarkers of breast cancer in Benghazi medical Centre in the period between (2019-2024)
Authors: Lobna Abdalla Elfrgani  , Naziha Mohamad Bilhassan  , Ghazala Othman Ali Elfeitouri  , Amina Baleid Mohamed Younis  , Nahed Miftah Hamad  , Haneen Ramadan Bozaho  , Farah Miftah Al-Barassi  , Farah Salem Miftah Al-Burki  , Abeer H. Amer
Published: December 2024

Background: Breast cancer is considered as the most frequently diagnosed cancer worldwide accounting for 11.7% of new cancer cases in 2020. Thus, breast cancer remains a significant global health concern despite the rapid advances in this field.
Material and methods: Study data were collected and medical records of patients at Benghazi Medical Centre were reviewed to obtain data on age, sex, tumour site, nationality, family history, year of diagnosis, site, pathological grade and tumour markers.
Result: The results showed that the highest number recorded was 23 cases in 2020 and 22 cases in 2023, the mean age was 53 years, while the age group was from 31 to 80 years, in a geographical area of Benghazi 43%, there were 68 cases from Libya and one case from Egypt, 68% showed a negative family history, and most of the cases were between stage II and stage III. Regarding site of the tumour 49% are in the left side of the tumour site and 47.8% in the right side, and 2.9% were bilateral. Most of the cases were negative for Her2, positive for ER, and positive for PR, regarding expression of Ki-67 level values in 12 cases expression was (20-40%) and in10 cases expression was>80%. Most of the cases 91% the histopathological report reported invasive ductal carcinoma.
Conclusion: Early detection and diagnosis using new technologies, improved access to affordable treatment, more palliative care and support for breast cancer research are all important measures that must be addressed to reduce morbidity and mortality.
Assessing the financial and environmental impact of natural dyes and mordants: ROI and sustainability metrics in sonication-assisted dyeing
Authors: Tazina Shams  , Nusrat Jahan Ruma  , Abdul Basit
Published: December 2024

The growing environmental consciousness in the textile dyeing industry has led to an increased interest in natural dyes as sustainable alternatives to synthetic dyes, which are often toxic and harmful to the environment. However, the use of metallic mordants in natural dyeing processes raises concerns about their overall eco-friendliness. This study investigates the dyeing of cotton knit fabrics using dyes extracted from Marigold flowers, coupled with the use of lime juice as a natural mordant. Various techniques and equipment were employed to assess the dyeing outcomes, focusing on colorfastness, dye uptake, and overall fabric quality. While the natural mordant showed slight fading in wash fastness tests, the staining properties were notably strong, suggesting its potential for effective dye fixation. The results demonstrate that lime juice is a viable natural mordant for enhancing the dyeing properties of Marigold-based dyes, offering an eco-friendly alternative in textile dyeing practices. The study's ROI analysis demonstrates that the initial investment in sonication technology is offset by long-term cost savings, enhanced productivity, and the ability to market eco-friendly textiles at a premium.
Gender-Based Disparities in Glycemic Control: Insights from Diabetes Mellitus Populations
Authors: Eva Israt Zerin , Ferdous Chandina , Qureshi Nazmul Kabir , Afrooz Farhana
Published: December 2024

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia due to either inadequate insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Disparities in glycemic control among different demographic groups, particularly between genders, have been observed and warrant further investigation. This study aims to assess the gender-based disparities in glycemic control among a population of individuals with diabetes mellitus. Material & Methods: This study was a cross-sectional design to assess gender-based disparities in glycemic control among individuals with diabetes mellitus, conducted from November 2022 to October 2023 at National Healthcare Network (NHN), Uttara, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Data were collected from patient medical records and structured interviews, focusing on the primary outcome measure of glycemic control as assessed by the most recent HbA1c levels. Chi-square tests examined associations between gender and categorical variables like FBG levels and HbA1C. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to assess the strength of linear relationships between gender and glycemic control measures, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results: Among the 108 participants, males (n=30) showed a relatively balanced distribution with 53.3% (n=16) having fasting blood glucose levels within the range of 4.4-7.2 mmol/L and 46.7% (n=14) having levels above 7.2 mmol/L. In contrast, females (n=78) exhibited a marked disparity, with only 18.0% (n=14) having within the range of 4.4-7.2 mmol/L and a significant 82.1% (n=64) presenting with above 7.2 mmol/L. Among the 108 participants, males (n=30) had 36.67% (n=11) with HbA1C levels below 7% and 63.3% (n=19) with levels at or above 7%. In contrast, females (n=78) had a lower percentage with controlled HbA1C levels, with only 21.80% (n=17) below 7% and a substantial 78.2% (n=61) at or above 7%. Conclusions: Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended to develop and implement gender-specific intervention programs aimed at improving glycemic control among females with diabetes, focusing on education, lifestyle modification, and adherence to medication.
Rezension von: Bender, Jochen, Kein Zutritt
Authors: Schmoll Friedemann , Bender Jochen
Published: December 2024

Jochen Bender: Kein Zutritt. Die Geschichte des ScharnhauserParks vom Schlößle zur Kaserne 1783-1992(Schriftenreihe des Stadtarchivs Ostfildern, Band 1). 2.,durchgesehene Auflage, Ostfildern 1994.196 Seiten mit 72Abbildungen. Pappband DM 18,- (zu beziehen beimStadtarchiv Ostfildern, Klosterhof, 73760 Ostfildern)
Rezension von: Ziegler, Walter (Hrsg.), Hohenstaufen/Helfenstein
Authors: Setzler Wilfried , Ziegler Walter
Published: December 2024

Hohenstaufen/Helfenstein. Historisches Jahrbuch für den Kreis Göppingen. Herausgegeben von Walter Ziegler. Anton H. Konrad Verlag Weißenhorn. Band 1 (1991) 210 Seiten, Band 2 (1992) 286 Seiten und Band 3 (1993) 204 Seiten. Alle reichlich illustriert. Pappbände je DM 34,-
Geografías de la provisión de vivienda social metropolitana en Medellín (2002-2020)
Authors: Alzate-Navarro Angela Milena , Santana Rivas Luis Daniel
Published: December 2024

En las dos últimas décadas, el modelo de gestión para la provisión de vivienda social en Colombia ha cambiado en el marco de un régimen urbano neoliberal con implicaciones espaciales a escala metropolitana. El objetivo es analizar las geografías de la provisión de vivienda social en Medellín y su entorno metropolitano, en el marco de las políticas públicas del régimen urbano neoliberal. Metodológicamente, se desarrolla a través de tres fases; una revisión teórica del cambio de régimen urbano pasando de un régimen desarrollista a otro neoliberal; la identificación del marco jurídico-técnico que rige la provisión de vivienda social en Colombia y; finalmente, una caracterización de los procesos de estructuración de un nuevo régimen urbano neoliberal en materia de provisión de vivienda social en el entorno metropolitano Medellín, contrastando las políticas públicas de provisión de vivienda con las geografías producidas por estas con la actividad edificadora. Los resultados muestran cómo se han producido nuevas geografías de la provisión de vivienda social en las dos últimas décadas, donde prevalece el modelo de gestión predio a predio y el crecimiento de la urbanización a escala regional.
El potencial ecosistémico del paisaje habitacional moderno en contexto de emergencia climática:análisis de 10 conjuntos habitacionales CORVI en Santiago de Chile
Authors: Gertosio Rodrigo
Published: December 2024

Al observar Santiago de Chile mediante un índice de temperatura superficial durante los días más calurosos de los últimos veranos, llama la atención que numerosos conjuntos habitacionales de la antigua Corporación de la Vivienda (CORVI) aparecen como islas de menor temperatura en relación con su contexto inmediato. Este fenómeno se observa en conjuntos de distintos tamaños, ubicados en diversos sectores de la capital y siempre junto a avenidas intercomunales. En este sentido, la hipótesis del porqué ocurre, es producto de la combinación de tres factores: 1) la forma de agrupación de los bloques; 2) las amplias superficies de suelo permeable rodeándolos inmediatamente; y 3) la continuidad de sus espacios verdes.
A través del cruce de imágenes satelitales, un modelo de clasificación espectral y el índice de temperatura superficial de la tierra (LST) son analizados diez conjuntos habitacionales CORVI constituidos por bloques aislados ubicados en ocho comunas de Santiago. Los resultados muestran que la relación entre morfología urbana, suelo permeable, vegetación continua y menores temperaturas revela un importante valor instrumental que poseen los espacios abiertos de estos conjuntos habitacionales en contexto de cambio climático. Por ello, su preservación depende en parte, de su puesta en valor desde una dimensión ecológica.
La notación musical vocal chilena contemporánea. El uso de nuevos sistemas gráficos en obras musicales vocales de los siglos XX y XXI: Una propuesta para su integración en la clase de lenguaje musical.
Authors: Duarte Valladares Cristian
Published: December 2024

Duarte Valladares, Cristián. 2013. La notación musical vocal chilena contemporánea. El uso de nuevos sistemas gráficos en obras musicales vocales de los siglos XX y XXI: Una propuesta para su integración en la clase de lenguaje musical. Memoria de titulo, Profesor Especializado en Teoría General de la Música (Profesor Guía: Cristián Guerra Rojas). 208 pp. Santiago: Departamento de Música y Sonología, Facultad de Artes, Universidad de Chile. En línea: hp://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/hand le/2250/116638
Convocatorio coloquio: Nuestra experiencia en la música. Dialogos interdisciplinarios.
Authors: Editorial Comite
Published: December 2024

Convocatoria coloquio
Libro de resúmenes: Coloquio nuestra experiencia en la música: diálogos interdisciplinarios
Authors: Organizador Comité
Published: December 2024

En este libro se presentan los resúmenes de las ponencias y mesa redonda que se presentarán en el coloquio Nuestra Experiencia en la Música. Diálogos interdisciplinarios, a efectuarse entre el 11 y el 13 de enero de 2018 en la Facultad de Artes de la Universidad de Chile, sede Alfonso Letelier Llona.
Nos complace compartir estas propuestas, las que han sido agrupadas en varios núcleos temáticos de acuerdo a las características de los trabajos seleccionados. Las propuestas dan cuenta de una riqueza de formas en que la música es pensada, vivida y sentida, ocupando una diversidad de espacios en que esta disciplina convive con otras, desdibujando muchas veces los límites de estas y generando cuerpos disciplinares que se fortalecen y se adaptan a las características del mundo real.
Analysis of Information Visualization Approaches by Combinating Text and Images
Authors: Baeva Desislava
Published: December 2024

The visualization of education and the digital presentation of the
studied material are already an inseparable part of modern education. In the new
innovative world, young people have online access to vast amounts of information,
which in most cases is superficial, unscientific, highly visual and organized in
small spots of text. Therefore, a better knowledge of the factors that influence the
perception of information is needed – good structure, engaging content, quality
visualization. These factors shape how people process and remember presented
knowledge.
The present scientific development describes a study conducted using an
eye tracking system, which visualizes the orientation of attention with different
structuredness of the presented learning material. Research indicates the most
appropriate structuring of text::images elements. The analysis made can serve as
a guide for tutors when preparing learning resources; indicate how the informative
material should be organized, enriched with appropriate pictures or infographics.
Digital Discrimination Risks in the Transformation of Higher Education
Authors: Beloeva Silviya , Venelinova Nataliya
Published: December 2024

Digital discrimination is a form of discrimination that occurs in a digital environment or through the application of automated solutions, often based on artificial intelligence, which creates conditions for unfair, unethical, or simply different treatment based on selected data on certain feature. In conditions of the digital transformation of higher education, multiculturalism, and globalization, higher education institutions face the challenge of ensuring equity and equal treatment for all staff and students in both traditional and digital environments. Тhis report examines the potential for the emergence of digital discrimination in applying various digital educational approaches and forms in higher education, commenting on the need to prepare plans and programs to prevent digital discrimination in an academic environment.
Becoming a person through dialogue: field theory revisited
Authors: Schulz Friedemann
Published: December 2024

Field theory was first discussed in the natural sciences during the nineteenth century, but was reinterpreted
for the realm of psychology through the writings of Gestalt psychologists at the beginning of the twentieth
century. I propose that the dynamic field of human experiencing is of most interest for Gestalt therapy
field theory. In this article, by tracing theories developed by Gestalt psychologists and twentieth-century
philosophers, I suggest that human beings become persons through social interaction and by being part of
a community and culture – an approach which creates a clear connection with Martin Buber’s dialogical
theory and method.
Keywords
Field theory, field perspective, personhood, cultural influence, dialogic theory, dialogic method
Lavado de activos virtuales en el Perú
Authors: Prado Saldarriaga Víctor Roberto
Published: December 2024

El presente artículo analiza las características actuales del delito de lavado de activos con empleo de criptomonedas o activos virtuales y los estándares internacionales para su prevención y control. Asimismo, se examinan las posibilidades de adaptación que tiene la legislación penal peruana a la represión penal de esa nueva modalidad delictiva. El autor concluye proponiendo algunas propuestas hermenéuticas y reformas legislativas; de esta manera, los tipos penales contenidos en el Decreto Legislativo 1106 podrán cumplir ese objetivo político criminal.
Intervenções para o manejo da dor no trabalho de parto: revisão integrativa de métodos farmacológicos e não farmacológicos
Authors: Almeida Leonardo Franco de , Flores Milagros Nathalí Sevillano , Ferreira Victor Alexandre de Lima , Ramirez Bener Pinchi , Machado Victor Goya , Falcão Isadora Pinheiro , Faria Ivan Aurélio Fortuna Kalil de , Cruz Monize Mendonça da , Dias Ellen Janynne , Potrich Luana Vilela
Published: December 2024

O manejo da dor no trabalho de parto é uma prioridade na assistência obstétrica, visando proporcionar uma experiência positiva e segura para a parturiente. Esta revisão integrativa tem como objetivo analisar as intervenções farmacológicas e não farmacológicas mais utilizadas no controle da dor durante o trabalho de parto, bem como avaliar sua eficácia e aplicabilidade clínica. Foram incluídos estudos publicados entre 2013 e 2023, identificados em bases de dados como PubMed, Scielo e Cochrane Library, abordando técnicas como analgesia epidural, uso de opioides, acupuntura, massagens, técnicas de relaxamento e imersão em água. Os resultados demonstram que a combinação de métodos farmacológicos e não farmacológicos é frequentemente mais eficaz no alívio da dor e na promoção do bem-estar materno. Conclui-se que o acesso a uma variedade de opções de manejo da dor, adaptadas às necessidades individuais das parturientes, é essencial para uma assistência obstétrica humanizada e centrada na mulher.
Microrrevisões de matemática via aplicativo móvel: estudo com alunos do ensino fundamental sobre suas percepções e resultados educacionais
Authors: Carvalho Eliédson Rafael de , Carvalho Juliana Lira Brito de , Costa Luís Eduardo Neves , Silva Ives Quandt Luz Costa
Published: December 2024

Este artigo explora a abordagem de microrrevisões como ferramenta auxiliar ao processo de ensino, bem como a eficácia dos aplicativos educacionais na aprendizagem da matemática, tendo como foco uma pesquisa realizada em Alagoas com alunos do 9º ano do Ensino Fundamental. Contextualizando a crescente integração da tecnologia no ensino, o estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o impacto de um aplicativo móvel contendo microrrevisões de matemática sobre a aprendizagem e a percepção dos alunos. Utilizando uma abordagem quantitativa, a pesquisa envolveu 98 alunos, divididos em grupo experimental e grupo controle, onde apenas o primeiro grupo utilizou o aplicativo. O aplicativo móvel da EdRA (Startup alagoana) foi utilizado na pesquisa por apresentar uma interface gamificada contendo microrrevisões de matemática, trilha de aprendizagem personalizada, lista de exercícios e dicas de resolução.  Os métodos da pesquisa incluíram pré e pós-testes para medir o nível de desempenho e formulários para captar as percepções dos alunos sobre o uso do aplicativo. Os dados obtidos nos testes foram analisados estatisticamente. Os resultados indicaram que os alunos do grupo experimental que utilizaram regularmente o aplicativo apresentaram diferenças significativas entre suas médias no pré e pós-teste. De modo geral, os formulários permitiram verificar uma percepção positiva em relação ao uso do aplicativo como ferramenta auxiliar na aprendizagem de matemática.
A relação entre a prematuridade e o acompanhamento pré-natal durante o período pré-pandêmico e pandêmico
Authors: Santos Daniel de Oliveira Elias dos , Pauperio Carine Otilia Vicari , Coelho Cynthia Prudencio , Murad Mamud Alli , Palmejani Marilia Pinheiro , Bernardes Fábio Messana , Petuco Ana Carolina de Campos , Valente Rafael Bais , Oliveira Ana Lucia Lyrio de
Published: December 2024

Durante a pandemia de Covid-19, o distanciamento social dificultou o acompanhamento pré-natal, possivelmente contribuindo para o aumento de prematuridade. Este estudo retrospectivo analisou prontuários de gestantes de uma maternidade em Campo Grande, MS, com o objetivo de avaliar o impacto da pandemia na adesão ao pré-natal, prematuridade e perfil socioeconômico das gestantes, além de identificar infecções por Covid-19 e comparar a adesão ao pré-natal nos períodos pré e pandêmico. Os resultados mostraram que, embora a pandemia não tenha afetado diretamente as taxas de prematuridade, o acesso e a qualidade do pré-natal foram prejudicados, especialmente entre as populações vulneráveis. Gestantes sem ensino superior e atendidas pelo SUS apresentaram maior taxa de abandono, refletindo dificuldades no sistema público de saúde. Em contraste, as gestantes com convênios privados mantiveram uma adesão mais consistente ao pré-natal. O estudo revela que, embora as taxas de prematuridade não tenham sido diretamente impactadas, a pandemia expôs desigualdades no acesso ao cuidado pré-natal, reforçando a necessidade de políticas que reduzam barreiras e melhorem a qualidade do atendimento, especialmente para gestantes mais vulneráveis.
Estudo sobre Rotulagem Ambiental de embalagens plásticas de leite comercializado em São Luís – MA
Authors: Mendes Cristiane Dutra , Mendonça Valdenia Cristina Mendes , Bernardes Regina Helena
Published: December 2024

O leite, por ser um produto sempre presente na mesa dos brasileiros e vendido majoritariamente em embalagens de plástico, após consumo pode gerar muitos resíduos sólidos que prejudicam o ambiente. Em busca de mitigar essa situação, a rotulagem ambiental surgiu como uma alternativa importante para conscientização quanto aos riscos que o descarte incorreto dessas embalagens pode causar, consequentemente estimulando as empresas a buscarem por inovações tecnológicas mais limpas. Diante do exposto, o presente estudo buscou analisar os tipos de rotulagem ambiental presentes em embalagens plásticas de leite líquido e em pó comercializados na cidade de São Luís – MA. Foram analisadas 11 diferentes marcas de leite comercializadas nos principais supermercados de São Luís – MA. O levantamento das embalagens de leite foi feito por intermédio da observação direta realizada no local e por meio de registro fotográfico dos rótulos das embalagens. Foram encontradas 10 amostras do tipo integral e 1 do tipo desnatado. Apenas 3 embalagens analisadas possuíam selos de reciclabilidade nos rótulos, com a simbologia OUTROS 7. Quanto aos símbolos de autodeclaração, em 6 das 11 marcas analisadas foram encontrados 2 tipos de simbologia, o LVR (longa-vida reciclável) e DS (descarte seletivo). 100% das marcas possuíam informações sobre a presença de lactose e a ausência de glúten. Apesar de sua extrema importância para a conscientização ambiental, é possível notar claramente que existem muitas marcas que ainda não fazem uso dessas identificações em suas embalagens como a norma ISO 13020/02 determina.
Barra de cereal enriquecida com resíduos processados provenientes da filetagem da tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Scheibel Maiko , Souza Pauliana Leão de , Araujo Analice Timoteo de , Jesus David Borovicz Carvalho da Silva de , Wernek Pedro Rondon , Feiden Aldi , Signor Altevir
Published: December 2024

Este estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver barra de cereal com adição de farinha de resíduos da filetagem de tilápia e avaliar sua qualidade microbiológica, composição centesimal e atributos sensoriais. A pesquisa visou transformar os subprodutos da indústria pesqueira em uma alternativa sustentável e nutritiva. Para elaboração da barra de cereal com a inclusão de resíduos de filetagem de tilápia, foram usados os resíduos do músculo abdominal ventral (barriguinha) e as espinhas retiradas do corte “V”, para a formulação da farinha de tilápia. As análises sensoriais foram estruturadas com base nas diretrizes de Dutcosky, sendo processadas pelo teste estatístico de Friedman (α<0,05) no software R Studio®, com gráficos gerados no pacote ggplot2.Os resultados indicaram uma composição centesimal da barra de cereal de 13,5% de lipídios, 19,49% de proteínas, 5,8% de cinzas e 16,1% de umidade. Os atributos sensoriais mais valorizados foram aroma e sabor, enquanto a textura obteve 52% de aprovação entre os avaliadores. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre a intenção de compra e a aceitação global do produto, sugerindo boa aceitação pelos consumidores. Conclui-se que a inclusão de resíduos da filetagem de tilápia na formulação de barras de cereal não só enriquece o valor nutricional do produto, mas também contribui para a sustentabilidade do setor pesqueiro ao aproveitar subprodutos que, de outra forma, seriam descartados, promovendo uma prática de reaproveitamento de resíduos e inovação na indústria alimentícia.
Cumhuriyet Döneminde Türk Kara Kuvvetlerinde Yaşanan Gelişmeler (1923-1960)
Authors: Kostak Ercan
Published: December 2024

Kara ordusunda ıslahat hareketleri 1700’lerde topçu sınıfı ile başlamış, III. Selim döneminde Nizam-ı Cedid adında yeni bir ordu kurulmuş, ıslahat hareketleri hızlanmış, II. Mahmut döneminde Yeniçeri Ocağı tamamen kaldırılarak Asakir-i Mansurae-i Muhammediye adıyla yeni bir ordu kurulmuş, bu ordu yeniden teşkilatlandırılmış, teçhizatlandırılmış ve eğitilmiştir. Sadece ordu teşkilatı değil ordunun merkez teşkilatı ve karargâh yapılanması da değiştirilmiştir. Almanya’dan kara ordusu için danışmanlar getirilip bazı ülkelere askerî öğrenciler gönderilmiştir. 1834 yılında ise Fransız Harp Okulu örneğine göre Kara Harp Okulu kurulmuştur. II. Abdülhamit döneminde gerçekleşen 1877-78 Osmanlı-Rus Harbi’nde alınan yenilgi üzerine Almanya’dan yardım talebi sonucunda ordunun tamamen Alman ekolüne göre ıslah edilmesi sağlanmıştır. Almanya 1882 yılında Albay Kehler başkanlığında bir ıslahat heyeti göndermiş, bir yıl sonra da askerî okulların ıslahı için Von Der Goltz gelmiştir. Aynı dönemde kara ordusu mavzer tüfekleri ile donatılmıştır. Osmanlı ordusu, Trablusgarp ve Balkan Savaşları’nda yenilgiler alarak toprak kaybetmiştir. Balkan Savaşı’nda alınan yenilgi üzerine İkinci Meşrutiyet döneminde Almanya’dan yeniden yardım istenmiş ve bu defa geniş bir heyet gönderilmiştir. Ancak bunlar ıslahat faaliyetlerini geliştiremeden Birinci Dünya Savaşı çıkmıştır. Osmanlı ordusu, Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nda birçok cephede savaşmış, Çanakkale deniz ve kara savaşlarında büyük başarılar kazanmıştır. Osmanlı İmparatorluğu, savaşın sonunda ağır yükümlülükler taşıyan Mondros Mütarekesi’ni imzalamıştır. Kara Kuvvetleri, cumhuriyetin ilanının ardından yeniden teşkilatlanmıştır. Bu teşkilat, günümüzün Kara Kuvvetlerinin altyapısını oluşturmuştur. Kara Kuvvetlerinin silah ve malzeme ihtiyaçlarının giderilmesi amacıyla ikmal planları yürürlüğe girmiştir. 1939-1945 yılları arasında İkinci Dünya Savaşı yaşanmıştır. Türkiye, tarafların baskılarına rağmen denge siyaseti izleyerek savaşın dışında kalmayı başarmıştır. Savaşın ardından Türkiye, Truman ve Marshall’ın katkılarıyla ABD’den askerî yardım almış, Kara Kuvvetlerine modern silah, malzeme ve teçhizat temin edilmiştir. 1949 yılında yürürlüğe giren Kuvvet Komutanlıkları Kanunu ile müstakil komutanlık olan Kara Kuvvetlerinin teşkilatı yeniden düzenlenerek, sınıfların tamamı hemen hemen NATO standartlarında yeni silah ve malzeme ile teçhiz edilmiştir. 1950-1960 yılları arası dönemde, Kara Kuvvetlerinin değişimine katkı sağlayan en önemli olay, Türkiye’nin NATO’ya girmesi olmuştur.
Askerî ve Siyasi Yönden 1585-1586 Tebriz Kuşatması
Authors: Sarıçiçek Sertaç
Published: December 2024

1585-1586 yılları arasında yaşanan Tebriz Kuşatması, Safevîlerin kuşatma alanındaki kabiliyetlerini değerlendirebilmek açısından önemli muharebelerden biridir. Makalede muharebenin tüm safhaları incelenmiş, Safevîlerin kuşatmada ne tür adımlar attıkları ve taktik açıdan yaptıkları hatalar ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Bunun yanında kuşatma yalnızca askerî yönden irdelenmemiş, savaşın sonucunu etkileyen siyasî faktörler de ele alınmıştır. Çalışmada vakayinâme, gazavatnâme gibi dönemin kaynakları kullanılmıştır. Bunun yanında birincil kaynaklarda geçen askerî terimlerin açıklanabilmesi için harp tarihi alanında yazılmış araştırma eserlerinden faydalanılmış, yeri geldiğinde Farsça terimleri izah edebilmek adına sözlük ve ansiklopedi türü eserlere de başvurulmuştur.
Kaynaklardaki bilgiler dikkatlice analiz edildiğinde Tebriz Kuşatması’nın, muhasara harbine has kaidelere tam riayet edilmemesinden dolayı kaybedildiği anlaşılmaktadır. Zira kuşatmada Safevî ordusunun topçuluk, istihkâm ve lağımcılık gibi konularda bilgi ve tecrübe eksikliğini gün yüzüne çıkaran birçok örnekle karşılaşılmıştır. Mağlubiyetin altındaki sebeplerden biri de kuşatmanın yaşandığı sıralarda Safevî Devleti’nin askerî dayanağı olan Türkmen aşiretleri arasındaki çatışmadır. Safevî ordusu bu çatışmanın bir neticesi olarak aşiretlerden yeteri kadar kuvvet alamamış ve kuşatma boyunca asker mevcudu bakımından sorun yaşamıştır. Osmanlılar ise kuşatma süresince düşmana başarılı huruç ve baskın harekâtları düzenleyerek Safevî ordusuna ağır kayıplar verdirmişler ve Safevi ordusundaki asker mevcudu sorununun daha derin hissedilmesine yol açmışlardır. Bununla beraber kuşatmanın uzaması sebebiyle tükenmek üzere olan iaşe maddelerini düşmandan temin etmişler ve bu da savaşın uzamasında rol oynamıştır. Ayrıca savaşın seyrine göre kaleye ek tabyalar inşa ederek düşman üzerindeki ateş baskısını istedikleri yönde artırmışlar ve propaganda metodunu kullanarak askerlerinin moralini yüksek tutmayı ve yardım ulaşana kadar kaleyi savunmayı başarmışlardır.
Türkiye’nin Doğu Akdeniz’deki Savunma ve Güvenlik Politikaları Çerçevesinde Muğla’nın Askerî Açıdan Stratejik Önemi
Authors: Demir Enes Mert
Published: December 2024

Akdeniz, Türkiye ve dünya jeopolitiğinde stratejik ve vazgeçilmez önemdeki bölgelerden biridir. Bu kapsamda Doğu Akdeniz’e hâkim bir konumda bulunan Muğla da bölge jeopolitiğinde kritik bir yere sahiptir. Bu özelliğiyle Muğla, Türkiye’nin savunma ve güvenlik politikasının uygulama alanları arasında yer almaktadır. Nitekim son yıllarda aktif bir dış politika takip eden Türkiye’nin Akdeniz’deki hak ve menfaatlerini koruma gayretleri, Muğla’nın bu konuda önemli bir rol üstlenmesine neden olmuştur. Türkiye’nin Doğu Akdeniz’deki etkinliğini artırması, askerî faaliyetleri de yoğunlaştırmıştır. Dolayısıyla Türkiye’nin güneybatısında güvenliğini sağlamaya, hak ve çıkarlarını korumaya ve bu yöndeki politikasını gerçekleştirmeye yönelik Türk Deniz ve Hava Kuvvetleri büyük sorumluluklar üstlenmektedir. Şüphesiz bu durum Muğla’daki askerî faaliyetleri ve hareketliliği de artırmıştır.
Bu çalışmada, Türk Silahlı Kuvvetlerinin Muğla merkezli (Aksaz Deniz Üs Komutanlığı, Dalaman Deniz Hava Komutanlığı ve Dalaman Hava Meydan/Ana Jet Üs Komutanlığı) faaliyetleri ele alınmıştır. Böylece Türkiye’nin savunma ve güvenlik politikasının uygulama sahası olması bakımından buradaki askerî icraatların Akdeniz politikası bağlamındaki etkisi ve kapsamı ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Konuya ilişkin hususi bir araştırmanın olmaması, çalışmaya ehemmiyet kazandıracak mahiyettedir. Nitel analiz yöntemiyle hazırlanan çalışmada Türk Deniz ve Hava Kuvvetleri kaynakları ile telif/araştırma eserlerden istifade edilmiş; tespit edilen bulgular disiplinler arası bir bakış açısıyla değerlendirilmiştir.
Enti ecclesiastici e Tassa comunale sui rifiuti nella recente normativa e giurisprudenza nazionale
Authors: Geraci Rosa
Published: December 2024

The taxation of ecclesiastical bodies for waste tax in the recent national law and jurisprudence
ABSTRACT: The heterogeneity of activities that can take place in properties owned by ecclesiastical entities raises questions of considerable systemic and tax relevance. This is probably related to the uncertainty surrounding the notion of ecclesiastical bodies, so much so that it has always occupied a prominent place in the reflections of ecclesiastical doctrine. In this regard, it is important to point out how the notion of ecclesiastical bodies indicates a category proper to the state system and not to the canonical system such that, in addition to the widespread Catholic entities, it also concerns those of different cults, so that no disparity of treatment or undue favor towards any particular denomination is configured. From a tax-law perspective, the subjective category of ecclesiastical entities does not identify a monolithic legal species of the subjective category of non-commercial entities under Article 73, paragraph 1(c) of the TUIR, as evidenced by the existence of a articulated and complex regulatory framework. With reference to this aspect, it looms interesting to examine the discipline concerning the waste tax for the ecclesiastical bodies in the light of concrete application.
SOMMARIO: 1. Introduzione - 2. Brevi considerazioni sull’esordio e la nature giuridica della TARI - 3. La Convenzione tra Italia e Santa Sede in materia di scambio di informazioni fiscali - 4. Il percorso argomentativo seguito dalla giurisprudenza di Cassazione in tema di esenzione ai fini TARI per gli enti ecclesiastici - 5. Notazioni conclusive
IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON PEDIATRIC OCULAR TRAUMA DURING SUMMER BREAK
Authors: ZAFAR R , MALIK SN , UZAIR N
Published: December 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic reshaped nearly every aspect of daily life, imposing restrictions that altered children’s routines and environmental exposures. Objective: The basic aim of the study is to find the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pediatric ocular trauma in a tertiary care eye hospital in Pakistan. Methods: This retrospective comparative study was conducted at the Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus at Al-Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Rawalpindi from a one-year pandemic period, spanning from 1st June to 31st August of 2019(pre-pandemic) and 2020 (pandemic). Data were collected from 385 pediatric patients who were admitted to the department for ocular trauma treatment during these two one-year periods. Results: Data were collected from 385 patients with total cases rising from 190 pre-pandemic to 195. In both periods, the majority of cases involved male patients (60%), with female cases making up 40%. The average age of affected children remained consistent at 8.5 years, and the most frequently affected age group was 6-10 years. Blunt trauma cases increased from 45% (86 cases) pre-pandemic to 50% (98 cases) during the pandemic, likely due to increased time spent indoors with potential household hazards. Penetrating injuries, however, decreased from 30% (57 cases) to 25% (49 cases), possibly reflecting reduced outdoor play. Conclusion: It is concluded that the COVID-19 pandemic led to an increase in household-related pediatric ocular trauma, with a higher proportion of severe injuries and delayed treatment impacting recovery outcomes.
SURGICAL INTERVENTION IN SEVERE POSTPARTUM HAEMORRHAGE
Authors: JADOON H , BIBI S , KHURRAM B , NAJAM A , ZAFAR S , YAQOOB A
Published: December 2024

Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is one of the major causes of maternal mortality and morbidity, defined as haemorrhage occurring within 24 h of childbirth. Postpartum haemorrhage can be categorized into primary, which takes place within the first one day after childbirth, and secondary, which happens anytime from 24 hours after birth up to six weeks after delivery. Among the cases of PPH, some are severe and fatal and hence need to be treated effectively and on time. Conservative methods are to some extent useful in controlling PPH but surgical management involves the use of special operations to address the problem. Objective: This proposed study aims to finally summarize the evidence about surgical interventions in the management of postpartum haemorrhage, including the effectiveness and side effect profile of various surgical techniques. Methods: This study type used a retrospective cohort design and the sample consisted of patients with severe PPH that needed surgical management. This paper used quantitative data and the data was gathered from the records of hospitals for five years. Some of the surgical management activities considered in the study were uterine artery ligation, B-Lynch suture, and hysterectomy. The variables measured were success rates, early clinical outcomes, late clinical recovery and early complications. Quantitative methods of data analysis used in this study include survival analysis tests and chi-square tests. Results: The study enrolled 150 patients with severe manifested PPH; 60% of the patients underwent uterine artery ligation; 25% of the patients required a B-Lynch suture performed; and 15% of the patients required a hysterectomy. Short-term effects revealed that both techniques provided effective control of bleeding, in 85% of cases did not require additional surgery in the form of a B-Lynch suture. It was also shown that 70% of the cases with uterine artery ligation were associated with long-term preservation of fertility. Hysterectomy had the highest complication rates; infection, organ damage, and higher maternal mortality of 5%. Conclusion: Uterine artery ligation as well as B-Lynch suture should be used in cases of severe PPH because during this procedure no tubal sterilization occurs and fertility can be preserved when selecting the right cases. Although hysterectomy remains the surgical option of choice, the procedure is fraught with some significant risks. The study confirms the necessity for early surgical management and the collaboration of multiple specialists to optimise maternal results in grave cases of PPH. More clinical research is required to optimize surgical approaches and to define the role of non-operative interventions to improve the patient’s prognosis.
THE ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICES OF NURSES REGARDING WOUND CARE
Authors: ZAFAR B , FAHEEM M , SADDIQUE H , JABEEN R
Published: December 2024

Proper wound care is critical for patient recovery and infection prevention. Inadequate knowledge and inconsistent practices among nurses can lead to suboptimal patient outcomes, particularly in low- and middle-income countries like Pakistan. Objective: To assess the knowledge and practices of nurses regarding wound care in a tertiary care hospital in Lahore, Pakistan. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 133 nurses working in medical wards, surgical wards, and ICUs. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire assessing demographic characteristics, knowledge, and practices related to wound care. Descriptive and inferential statistics were analyzed using SPSS version 26. Results: Among the participants, 73.7% demonstrated good knowledge of wound care, while 26.3% had poor knowledge. However, only 54.1% exhibited good practices, with 45.9% demonstrating suboptimal adherence to wound care protocols. Factors such as insufficient training and high workloads were identified as potential barriers to effective practice. Conclusion: Although nurses possessed good theoretical knowledge of wound care, significant gaps in practice were observed. Targeted training, resource provision, and strict adherence to evidence-based guidelines are essential for improving wound care practices and reducing the incidence of SSIs in Pakistan.
KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE OF SELF-MEDICATION AMONG UNDERGRADUATE BSN(GENERIC) STUDENTS
Authors: ULLAH M , SADDIQUE H , JABEEN R
Published: December 2024

Self-medication is a widespread practice globally, particularly among healthcare students, posing risks such as drug misuse, delayed treatment, and antimicrobial resistance. Nursing students, as future healthcare providers, are a key demographic for evaluating self-medication practices. Objective: To assess the knowledge and practices of undergraduate BSN (Generic) students regarding self-medication at Superior University, Lahore. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 140 BSN (Generic) students. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire covering demographic characteristics, knowledge, and self-medication practices. Descriptive and inferential statistics were analyzed using SPSS version 26.Results: The study found that 57.1% of participants engaged in self-medication, with 60% acknowledging its harmful effects but 66.4% incorrectly believing antibiotics were necessary for the common cold. Unsafe practices included reusing prescriptions (57.9%) and increasing drug doses without professional consultation (58.6%). A significant proportion (60%) also believed that expensive drugs are more effective. Conclusion: Despite moderate knowledge, unsafe self-medication practices are prevalent among nursing students. Targeted educational programs and stricter regulatory measures are essential to address these gaps and promote safe medication behaviours among future healthcare providers.
Enhancing Malware Detection through Electromagnetic Side-Channel Analysis Using Random Forest Classifier
Authors:   Department of Computer Sciences, College of Computer and Information Technology, University of Anbar, Anbar, Iraq, Khattab Khattab ,   Department of Computer Networking Systems, College of Computer and Information Technology, University of Anbar, Anbar, Iraq, Alheeti Khattab M. Ali
Published: December 2024

The continual increase of cyber dangers necessitates creative techniques to better the identification and mitigation of malware. This research provides a cutting-edge examination of employing the Random Forest Classifier in combination with electromagnetic side-channel analysis for finding malicious software. Electromagnetic side-channel analysis harnesses the accidental information leakage from electronic systems, giving it a formidable tool for studying the underlying workings of gadgets. This study reveals how these electromagnetic side-channel signals may be used to identify subtle and evasive malware activities. The paper goes into the theoretical basis of electromagnetic side-channel analysis and the actual application of the Random Forest Classifier in this setting. By analyzing electromagnetic emissions, a wide range of devices and systems can be scrutinized for the telltale signs of malware-induced behaviors. Experimental results illustrate the effectiveness of this approach, showcasing the model demonstrated high accuracy, with an accuracy rate of up to 97%, demonstrating its ability to effectively leverage electromagnetic side-channel information for malicious program detection for enhanced cybersecurity measures.
Type-2 Neutrosophic Ontology for Automated Essays Scoring in Cybersecurity Education
Authors:   Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Wasit, Al Kut 52001, Iraq, Oday Oday ,   Computer Department, College of Education for Pure Sciences, Wasit University, 52001 Al-Kut, Wasit, Iraq,   University of Information Technology and Communication, Baghdad, Iraq,   Ministry of Education, Wasit Education Directorate, Kut 52001, Iraq,   Department of Information Technology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Egypt,   Director of the Institute of Automation and information technology, Tambov State technical university, Russia, Alomari Esraa Saleh , Yousif Ali Nafea , Hassen Oday Ali , Darwish Saad M. , Gromov Yu Yu
Published: December 2024

Given the growing demand for cybersecurity education, the practice of protecting network and software systems from digital and electronic attacks, investing in educational cybersecurity helps significantly reduce the risk of data breaches and protect against security breaches, and given the urgent need and growing number of students worldwide, it is also a way to connect with and between customers by building trust-based relationships, especially regarding essays. Automated Essay Scoring (AES) is a scalable solution for grading large amounts of essays with multiple uses, making it ideal for cybersecurity certification programs, online courses, and standardized tests. In the field of educational cybersecurity, automated essay scoring poses unique challenges due to specialized terminology, persistent and evolving threats. These automated scoring systems use domain-defined ontologies to grade essays but struggle to manage uncertainties, such as ambiguous language and partially valid arguments, which can influence the accuracy of their scoring. Traditional ontologies often struggle to interpret such uncertainties, leading to inconsistent results. Type 2 neutrosophic clustering (T2NS) as a novel approach introduced in this paper is combined with an automated article scoring system based on the cybersecurity learning ontology to address these challenges. The main steps include extracting concepts relevant to this research area from the articles, formalizing the cybersecurity scoring criteria as ontological rules and extending the ontology using T2NS, as well as defining membership functions to measure uncertainty and inconsistency levels. This evaluation using benchmark datasets of cybersecurity articles shows that this approach significantly enhances the scoring reliability and robustness of the approach compared to the basic AES methods.
Beyond Borders: A Comparative Analysis of “Migrant” and “Refugee” Protections in International and EU Law
Authors: Wielec Marcin
Published: December 2024

This chapter presents a comparative analysis of the terms “refugee” and “migrant” and the forms of protection they are granted under international and European Union (EU) laws. The text also includes information and insights into the Serbian, Croatian, Slovenian, Romanian, Czech, Slovak, Hungarian, and Polish legal frameworks. First, the chapter begins with a concise introduction, outlining the general subject and scope of the study. Second, the manner in which globalisation is the basis for migration and refugees is analysed and presented. Third, the levels of regulation and types of legislation defining the migration and refugee processes were addressed. Fourth, a review of the EU legislation on migration, including asylum laws, is presented. Fifth, the legal stages of the migrant and refugee concepts were examined. Sixth, general considerations of the concepts of migrants and refugees are presented. Seventh, a legal and comparative account of migration and refugee terms is discussed. Eighth, definitions of migration and refugees in international and EU laws are presented. The focus on international and EU law should not be taken as an indication of the author’s position regarding the nature of EU law as either an autonomous branch or a part of international law; the distinction is made solely to aid in clarity. The chapter concludes with a concise summary of the overall conclusions, which are presented at 10 key points. Finally, the author’s main thesis on this topic is presented.