bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of bovine oocytes quality and their resistance to age-related changes after maturation in single-phase and two-phase culture systems
Authors: Singina G. , Lebedeva I. , Shedova E. , Tsyndrina E.
Published: May 2021

Existing approaches to in vitro maturation (IVM) of bovine oocytes do not take into account their specific demands during terminal phase of IVM including the need for increasing of their resistance to age-re-lated changes. In this work, we performed for the first time a comparative investigation of nuclear maturation and abnormal changes of MII chromosomes in bovine oocytes after their maturation in single-phase system and different two-phase systems and after the subsequent prolonged culture of the ova. When using the single-phase system, cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were cultured for 24 h in the medium TCM 199 containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 10 μg/ml FSH, and 10 μg/ml luteinizing hormone (LH). In the two-phase system, oocytes matured in the same conditions for first 16 h and then in a new medium (TCM 199 containing 10% FBS (Control) or the same medium supplemented with 50 ng/ml progesterone) for the remaining 8 h of IVM. After maturation in the single-phase and the two-phase systems, a part of COCs were transferred to an aging medium (TCM 199 containing 10% FBS) and further cultured for 24 h. The state of the nuclear material (stage of meiosis and abnormal changes of MII chromosomes) in the matured and aged oocytes was assessed using cytogenetic analysis. The rate of oocytes being at the MII stage of meiosis after IVM in the single-phase and the two-phase systems was similar and amounted 82.7-86.3%. In addition, no effect of the culture system on the rate of MII oocytes with abnormal morphology of chromosomes was revealed. For the single-phase culture, this rate after the end of the IVM period was 32.2±0.5% and for the two-phase systems culture 38.5±4.0%. The prolonged culture of matured oocytes led to an increase the frequency of destructive changes in MII chromosomes to 56.9±2.9 and 68.4±3.0%, respectively. Progesterone in the IVM medium (during the last 8 hours) also did not effect on the rate of nuclear maturation, but reduced the rate of oocytes with abnormal changes in chromosomes: after IVM, as compared with the Control and the two-phase system; after 24-hours prolonged culture as compared to control (P <0.05). The results of the study suggest that the two-phase maturation of bovine oocytes may be used as an alternative to the conventional IVM protocol and that progesterone during the second phase of IVM causes an increase in the quality of ova and their resistance to subsequent age-related transformations.
Use of ultrasonography to determine the structural and functional state of ovaries of donor embryo cows
Authors: Rykhlov A. , Semenovich A. , Pererydkina S.
Published: May 2021

Purpose: Assessment of the possibility of using ultrasonography for early prediction of the response of the functional activity of the ovaries to the introduction of some hormonal drugs at ET.Materials and methods. The study was conducted on 42 cows of various breeds (Holstein, Ayrshire, Black-and-white breed of cows) — potential donors of egg and embryos in several farms of various organizational and legal forms of ownership of the Saratov and Volgograd regions of the Russian Federation. Cow donors are selected taking into account anamnestic data. To assess the full response of the ovaries, two experiments were produced to carry out the stimulation of supersuvulation: the first study was introduced on the 10th day of the estrous cycle, 9 animals of follitropine on the developed protocol, and 7-animals — «plus» and the second study — for 11 days of the estrous cycle 8 — animals injected follitropine, and 6 cows — «plus» in the 4-day protocol. The synchronization of the estrus was carried out according to the generally accepted protocol. For morphological studies, the donor cows were extracted by ovaries and studied their physical characteristics, such as volume, weight, thickness, width, gonad length, the size of yellow bodies and follicles. For a more detailed study, ultrasonography was carried out using a Mindray DP 10 VET portable scanner with a rectilinear rectal sensor 7.5 MHz by 10-11 (before the administration of the drug) and zero (after the introduction of the follicularity of the hormonal preparation) of the estrous cycle days.Results. The average rate of ovaries before the introduction of drugs, on the 10th day of the estrous cycle, was 11.103±2.275 cm3, the volume of yellow bodies — 7,122±3.435 cm3. The average volume of yellow bodies to the ovary was 48.7±1.3%. The level of supervision reaction depends on the quality of the yellow body in the middle of the L-phase, at the time preceding the beginning of the gonadotropic stimulation from donor cows.Conclusion. Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that the visual analysis of sleepograms is an acceptable method for predicting the suitability of donor cows prior to the beginning of animal treatment with gonadotropic drugs and can be used as the animal selection criterion into a group of potential donors. Using ultrasound echography, relevant data reflecting the morphological and functional state of cows ovaries were obtained.
Activity of alkaline phosphatase in male lamb blood serum in relation to age and growth rate
Authors: Zharikov Y. , Kaneva L.
Published: May 2021

Purpose: to assess the correlation of serum alkaline phosphatase with the live weight and growth rate of male lambs during the milk and post-milk growing periods.

Materials and methods. The study of indicators of serum alkaline phosphatase activity in 74 male lambs aged one and five months was carried out in connection with the intensity of growth and the peculiarities of metabolism. All the male lambs were born at the same time and were raised for up to six months under similar feeding and maintenance conditions. To study the dynamics of changes in the live weight of young animals, individual weighing was carried out monthly with an accuracy of 0.1 kg. Based on the results of weighing, the absolute, relative, and average daily live weight gains were calculated and the animals were divided into three groups. The analysis of the serum for the content of the studied parameters was performed by photometry with the help of the corresponding sets of reagents of the company «VitalDiagnostics SPb».

Results. During the observation period, the average increase in live weight of male lambs was 21,14 kg, or 136,75 g per day. At one month of age, the activity of alkaline phosphatase was 188,61±9.50 U/l, and at five months — 100,01±3,58, or 47% (P<0,001) lower. It was found that the activity of the enzyme during the suckling period was positively associated with live weight and growth intensity (r=0,35 and 0,49), and after weaning from mothers — negatively (r = -0,46 and -0,46, respectively). The activity of alkaline phosphatase was consistently increased in monthly male lamb when they moved from a group with lower productivity to a larger one — 160,5 — 191,4 — 214,9, and in five-month-olds, on the contrary, decreased — 121,0 — 98,1 — 80,2 E/l. At the age of one month, the increase in growth intensity was accompanied by an increase in the blood serum of male lamb values of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, glucose, calcium and phosphorus, and a decrease in urea and cholesterol levels. At the age of five months, both the list of links and their vector changed. In the serum of fast-growing animals, the de Ritis coefficient and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase were higher, but the activity of lactate dehydrogenase and creatine phosphokinase was lower.

Conclusion. The presence of a correlation between alkaline phosphatase and growth makes it possible to use alkaline phosphatase in zootechnical practice and breeding work as an additional criterion for the growth potential of male lambs up to six months in the early stages of ontogenesis. However, the change in the nature of the relationship from plus to minus implies a differentiated approach in the use of this indicator, taking into account the age of the male lambs.
Understanding the Theories and Interventions of Motivation in Organization Development
Authors: Marczak Emily L , Yawson Robert
Published: May 2021

This article reviews theories of motivation in
the workplace, what these theories look like in the modern workplace, and
interventions designed to increase individual and system-wide organizational
motivation. We explored a wide range of theories, including the expectancy
theory, Maslow’s hierarchy, the motivation-hygiene theory, the equity theory,
reward structures, cognitive evaluation theory, and feedback, to formulate
conclusions about common organization development (OD) interventions that are
meant to address the theories. Reviewed interventions include; organization
structure design, achievement orientation, goal setting, job design, quality
feedback, and empowerment programs. We followed a multidisciplinary integrated
literature review approach to move beyond merely summarizing the literature but
substantially contributing new and valuable knowledge to the fields of
leadership and organization development. The research cements the need for
understanding individuals’ needs and goals, the value of quality feedback,
rewarding positive behavior, leading with fairness, and allowing space for
autonomy.
PENGARUH MODERNISASI TERHADAP BERPIKIR HISTORIS
Authors: Putri Widyana Kartika
Published: May 2021

Modernisasi tidak bisa lepas dari kehidupan manusia, karena modernisasi merupakan salah satu perubahan sosial yang terjadi dalam masyarakat. Masyarakat tidak bisa menghindarinya karena setiap masyarakat manusia selalu mengalami perubahan dan selalu ingin berubah. Perubahan-perubahan pada kehidupan masyarakat tersebut merupakan fenomena sosial yang wajar, oleh karena setiap manusia mempunya kepentingan yang tak terbatas.Modernisasi merupakan suatu persoalan yang harus dihadapi masyarakat, karena proses tersebut mencakup bidang-bidang yang sangat luas yang menyangkut proses disorganisasi, masalah-masalah sosial, konflik antar kelompok, hambatan-hambatan terhadap perubahan, dan lain sebagainya.Modernisasi merupakan proses yang sangat luas dan kompleks. Tidak hanya mencakup bidang teknologi saja, modernisasi juga mencakup bidang lain, seperti politik, ekonomi, dan sosial. Tidak bisa dimungkiri bahwa masyarakat mau tidak mau harus menghadapi modernisasi sebagai bentuk perubahan sosial. Modernisasi mempunyai dampak yang besar terhadap budaya maupun sejarah dimana kontak budaya dan sejarah melalui media massa menyadarkan dan memberikan informasi tentang keberadaan nilai-nilai budaya lain yang berbeda dari yang dimiliki dan dikenal selama ini.Pengaruh globalisasi terhadap sejarah di Indonesia memiliki dua sisi, negatif dan positif. Sisi positifnya yang dahulunya negara sangat terbelakang bisa menjadi sedikit lebih maju karena pada dasarnya modernisasi berarti bentuk transformasi dari keadaan yang kurang maju atau terbelakang ke arah yang lebih baik, maju, dan berkembang. Tetapi modernisasi juga memiliki sisi negatif yaitu bisa menghilangkan nilai-nilai budaha dan sejarah yang ada karena modernisasi biasanya diiringi dengan globalisasi yang membawa budaya baru. Dari transformasi budaya ini bisa menciptakan budaya baru yang sangat bertolak belakang dengan budaya lama atau sejarah yang ada.Pengaruh modernisasi tentu saja juga berpengaruh terhadap pemikiran-pemikiran tentang sejarah. Berpikir historis atau berpikir sejarah menjadi perlu lebih ditingkatkan agar tidak terpengaruh walaupun terjadinya modernisasi. Mengapa hal tersebut perlu, karena dengan selalu berpikir historis memungkinkan untuk terus berpikir kritis akan kejadian atau peristiwa-peristiwa yang terlah terjadi dan tidak melupakannya. Modernisasi bisa saja menjadi faktor pendukung terhadap cara berpikir historis tetapi tentunya tidak akan lepas dari faktor penghambat hal tersebut. Melalui berpikir historis seseorang akan cenderung berpikir lebih matang dan kritis sehingga bisa memaknai modernisasi dengan baik di era globalisasi sekarang ini.
The Impact of Pandemic to Medium, Small and Medium Enterprises and Digital Platforms in Indonesia
Authors: panggantara Pang william
Published: May 2021

The emergence of the Covid-19 pandemic caused Indonesia’s economy to experience deflation, the group whose income is not affected prefer to save rather than spending their money, this happen with consideration that no one knows when the Covid-19 pandemic will end and when will the the situation return to normal. The pandemic has decreased people’s income and purchasing power. People saving are decreased used for consumption needs, especially for the employee that’s terminated from the the company or has been laid off, this cases resulting in and increasingly depleted source of household funds.
Integrating ecosystem services information into water resource management: an indicator-based approach
Authors: Shaad Kashif , Souter Nicholas , Vollmer Derek , Regan Helen , Bezerra Maíra
Published: May 2021

Natural ecosystems are fundamental to local water cycles and the water-related ecosystem services that humans enjoy, such as water provision and protection from natural hazards. However, integrating ecosystem services into water resources management requires that they be acknowledged, quantified, and communicated to decision makers. We present an indicator framework that incorporates the supply of, and demand for, freshwater-related ecosystem services, which provides an initial diagnostic for natural resource managers as well as a mechanism for evaluating tradeoffs through future scenarios. Building on a risk assessment framework, we present a three-tiered indicator for measuring where demand exceeds supply of services, addressing the scope (spatial extent), frequency, and amplitude for which objectives (service delivery) are not met. The Ecosystem Service Indicator is presented on a scale of 0-100 which encompasses none to total service delivery. We demonstrate the framework and its applicability to a variety of services and data sources from case studies in China and the Lower Mekong region. We also evaluate the sensitivity of the indicator score derived from these methods, to communicate uncertainty. The proposed indicator framework is conceptually simple, robust, and flexible enough to accommodate the inevitable evolution and expansion of tools, models and data sources used to measure and evaluate the value of water-related ecosystem services.
Refining the link between psychopathy, antisocial behavior, and empathy: a meta-analytical approach across different conceptual frameworks
Authors: Campos Carlos , Pasion Rita , Azeredo Andreia Alexandra Cunha , Ramião Eduarda , Mazer Prune , Macedo Inês , Barbosa Fernando
Published: May 2021

The current meta-analysis includes 477 records (N = 142,692) and comprehensively explores the complex interplay between psychopathy, antisocial behavior, and empathy. First, empathy domains (cognitive and affective) were used to dissociate antisocial behavior from psychopathy. Cognitive empathy was more impaired in antisocial groups (gcognitive = -0.43; gaffective = -0.11), while samples scoring higher in psychopathy displayed larger deficits in affective empathy (gaffective = -0.40; gcognitive = -0.22). Secondly, the specific associations between empathy domains and psychopathy dimensions were evaluated. Most effect sizes pertaining to psychopathy traits closely related to antisocial behavior were mild for both empathy domains (r = -0.03 to -0.21). Callous-affective traits were largely correlated with affective empathy (r = -0.34 to -0.46) and moderately correlated to cognitive empathy (r = -0.26 to -0.27). Diverging results were found for the interpersonal dimension, as boldness-adaptive manifestations were unrelated to cognitive empathy (r = 0.03), while non-adaptive interpersonal traits were negatively associated with both empathy domains (rcognitive = -0.16; raffective = -0.25). Overall, these findings suggest that: (1) psychopathy and antisocial behavior display distinct empathic profiles; (2) psychopathy dimensions are differentially associated with cognitive and affective empathy; (3) the interaction between interpersonal traits and empathy domains is different across the conceptual models of psychopathy.
Religion and prosociality across the globe
Authors: Caicedo Felipe Valencia , Dohmen Thomas , Pondorfer Andreas
Published: May 2021

In this paper we analyze newly available, globally representative data on preferences and world religions (Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism and Judaism). We find that individuals who report believing in such religions also exhibit more prosocial preferences, as measured by their levels of positive reciprocity, altruism and trust. We further document heterogeneous patterns of negative reciprocity and punishment across world religions. The association between religion and prosocial preferences is stronger in more populous societies and weaker in countries with better institutions. The interactive results between these variables point towards a substitution effect between religious and secular institutions, when it comes to prosocial preferences.
Tracking Accuracy of Strategic Intelligence Forecasts: Findings from a Long-Term Canadian Study
Authors: Mandel David R. , Irwin Daniel
Published: May 2021

Forecasting plays a vital role in intelligence assessment and contributes to national security decision-making by improving strategic foresight. Remarkably, most intelligence organizations do not proactively track their forecasting accuracy and, therefore, do not know how accurate their forecasts are or what types of biases intelligence analysts (or organizations) might exhibit. We review research on geopolitical forecasting and a roughly decade-long program of research to assess the accuracy of strategic intelligence forecasts produced by and for the Government of Canada. This research is described in three phases corresponding to previously published research, following which novel analyses (drawing from the data used in the earlier phases) are reported. The findings reveal a high degree of forecasting accuracy as well as significant underconfidence. These results were evident regardless of whether analysts assigned numeric probabilities to their forecasts. However, the novel analyses clarified that there is a substantial cost to accuracy if end-users rely on their own interpretations of verbal probability terms used in the forecasts. We recommend that intelligence organizations proactively track forecasting accuracy as a means of supporting accountability and organizational learning. We also recommend that intelligence organizations use numeric probabilities in forecasts as a means of improving intelligence producer-consumer agreement in the interpretation of forecasts and other probabilistic assessments.
The Power of Place: The Effect of Forced Placement on Refugee Naturalization
Authors: Jørgensen Frederik Juhl
Published: May 2021

Does initial placement matter for refugee integration? I provide new evidence for the effect of placement on refugee integration. Using Danish register data, I exploit that refugees who obtained residency after January 1 1999 were subject to forced dispersal whereas refugees who obtained res-idency before this cutoff were subject to voluntary dispersal. In a regression discontinuity design, I show that forced dispersal—that induced exogenous variation in initial placement—had a large im-pact on refugees’ likelihood of naturalization. Forced placed refugees are about 26 percent less like-ly to naturalize compared to voluntary placed refugees. Moreover, my findings suggest that this placement effect operates on a synergy mechanism between places and individuals’ characteristics: forced placement affects refugee naturalization negatively because it deteriorates their ability to select into locations that match their own characteristics. Consistent with this mechanism, the drop in naturalization rates is concentrated among the most disadvantaged refugees.
The Impact of Parkinson’s Disease on Social Communication: An Exploratory Questionnaire Study
Authors: Sharma Saryu , Fleck Kimberly , Winslow Sherri , Rothermich Kathrin
Published: May 2021

Individuals with Parkinson’s Disease (PD) often show breakdown in the interpretation of pragmatic language meaning. However, there is no current standard of care for evaluating social communication dysfunction in PD which affects the persons with PD and their caregivers. Thus, we developed a questionnaire for individuals with PD to evaluate social communication difficulties. Objective: The aim of this study was to develop a questionnaire to demonstrate a need for comprehensive management guidelines for individuals with PD regarding social communication skills. This questionnaire will highlight the areas of deficit for the individuals with PD. Methods: Fifty-one people with self-reported Parkinson’s Disease answered 28 survey questions. These questions pertained to emotional expression and perception, social communication, sarcasm/humor, and pragmatic skills. Exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis were performed to identify which items loaded onto the desired factor and to check the internal consistency of the items. Results: Persons with PD reported changes in emotional expression and perception, social communication, sarcasm and humor, and pragmatic skills domains post PD diagnosis. No correlations were found between age/time since diagnosis and emotional expression, social communication, sarcasm, and humor.Conclusion: The current study provides evidence that persons with PD experience social communication challenges. Therefore, it is crucial to increase awareness of these deficits in PD to recognize the impact of the disease on social communication.
Continued longitudinal analysis of avid outdoor recreationists during the COVID-19 pandemic and sensitivities to new outdoor recreationists
Authors: Rice William L. , Mateer Tim , Taff B. Derrick , Lawhon Ben , Newman Peter
Published: May 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has altered outdoor recreation behaviors in the United States for over one year. In an effort to continue gathering timely and relevant data on national outdoor recreation patterns, the Leave No Trace Center for Outdoor Ethics and its academic partners, Pennsylvania State University and the University of Montana, conducted a four-phase study to offer guidance to land managers, recreation providers, and outdoor enthusiasts across the United States. This report details findings from Phase 4, occurring one year into the pandemic. By comparing survey results from April 2020 (Phase 1) and April 2021 (Phase 4), we provide a longitudinal perspective of how avid outdoor recreationists’ reported behaviors and perspectives are evolving with the ever-changing pandemic. Phases 1, 2, and 3 of this assessment were detailed by previous reports1. In addition to examining differences between April 2020 (Phase 1) and April 2021 (Phase 4), this report details how avid outdoor recreationists have been impacted by and reacted to influxes of new outdoor recreationists during the pandemic. This report is intended to provide valuable information for managing changing recreation use of public lands and offer insight for land managers as they work to protect the natural world.
Transgender Data Collection in the Electronic Health Record (EHR): Current Concepts and Issues
Authors: Kronk Clair , Everhart Avery R. , Ashley Florence , Thompson Hale , Schall Theodore E. , Goetz Teddy G. , Hiatt Laurel , Derrick Zackary , Queen Roz , Ram A , Guthman E. Mae , Danforth Olivia M. , Lett Elle , Potter Emery , Sun Simón D. , Marshall Zack , Karnoski Ryan
Published: May 2021

There are over one million transgender people living in the United States and 33% report negative experiences with a healthcare provider, many of which are connected to data representation in electronic health records (EHRs). We present recommendations and common pitfalls involving sex- and gender-related data collection in EHRs. Our recommendations leverage the needs of patients, medical providers, and researchers to optimize both individual patient experiences and the efficacy and reproducibility of EHR population-based studies. We also briefly discuss adequate additions to the EHR considering name and pronoun usage. We add the disclaimer that these questions are more complex than commonly assumed. We conclude that collaborations between local transgender and gender-diverse persons and medical providers as well as open inclusion of transgender and gender-diverse individuals on terminology and standards boards is crucial to shifting the paradigm in transgender and gender-diverse health.
Short Lives. The impact of parental death on early life mortality and height in the Netherlands 1850-1940
Authors: Quanjer Björn , van Dijk Ingrid K , Rosenbaum-Feldbrügge Matthias
Published: May 2021

We investigate how experiencing parental death in infancy, childhood, or adolescence affected individuals’ health using two distinct measures: mortality before age 20 and young adult height. Using two complementary indicators of health enables us to gain more insights into processes of selection and the scarring of health. Employing nationally representative data for the Netherlands for the 1850-1940 period, we analyze the survival of roughly 36,000 boys and girls using Cox proportional hazard models, and the stature of more than 4,000 young adult men using linear regression models. Results show that losing a parent, and particularly a mother, at an early age (0-1 or 1-5) was related to strongly increased mortality. At the same time, we find no evidence that losing a parent at these ages affected stature in young adulthood. For boys, experiencing maternal death between ages five and 12 was strongly associated with a shorter young adult height, while we did not find evidence for an association between experiencing paternal death and shorter stature. We conclude that stature may not be a particularly good measure of the effects of early-life adversity if the health shock greatly increases mortality, as these effects create potential issues of health selection.
Assessing Nature-based Solutions for transformative change
Authors: Palomo Ignacio , Locatelli Bruno , Otero Iago , Colloff Matthew , Crouzat Emilie , Cuni-Sanchez Aida , Gómez-Baggethun Erik , García Alberto González , Grêt-Regamey Adrienne , Aceituno Amanda Jiménez , Martín-López Berta , Pascual Unai , Zafra-Calvo Noelia , Bruley Enora , Fischborn Marie , Metz Rosmarie , Lavorel Sandra
Published: May 2021

Global sustainability targets demand transformative changes. Nature-based solutions (NbS) are gaining traction in science and policy, but their potential for transformative change remains unexplored. We provide a framework to evaluate how NbS contribute to transformative change and apply it to 93 NbS from mountain social-ecological systems (SES). The framework serves to assess what elements may catalyze transformative change, how transformative change occurs, and what its outcomes are. Our results show that NbS are as much “people based” as “nature based.” Most NbS are based on four elements with transformation potential: nature's values, knowledge types, community engagement, and nature management practices. Our results confirm the potential of NbS for transformative change, observed through changes in non-sustainable trajectories of SES. We illustrate the components of our framework through a novel classification of NbS. The framework provides key components for assessing the effectiveness of NbS and allows tracking long-term transformative change processes.
Survey methods for estimating the size of weak-tie personal networks
Authors: Feehan Dennis , Son Vo Hai , Abdul-Quader Abu
Published: May 2021

Researchers increasingly use *aggregate relational data* to learn about the size and distribution of survey respondents' weak-tie personal networks. Aggregate relational data are collected by asking questions about respondents' connectedness to many different groups (e.g., "How many teachers do you know?"). This approach can be powerful but, to make use of aggregate relational data, researchers must locate external information about the size of each of these groups from a census or from administrative records (e.g., the number of teachers in the population). This need for external information makes aggregate relational data difficult or impossible to collect in many settings. Here, we show that relatively simple modifications can overcome this need for external data, significantly increasing the flexibility of the method and weakening key assumptions required by the associated estimators. Our methods are appropriate for using a sample survey to study the size and distribution of weak-tie network connections. Our methods can also be used as part of the network scale-up method to estimate the size of hidden populations. We illustrate our approach with two empirical studies: a large simulation study, and original household survey data collected in Hanoi, Vietnam.
Analisis Kelayakan CVT (Capacitive Voltage Transformer) Phasa S Bay Busbar 2 150 kV di GI PT. XYZ Indonesia
Authors: Pertiwi Suciani Rahma , Latifa Ulinnuha , Hidayat Rahmat , Ibrahim Ibrahim
Published: May 2021

Transmisi pada gardu induk sudah banyak dikenal sebagai penyaluran tenaga listrik. Salah satu bagiannya yaitu Transmisi Gardu Induk yang betugas sebagai sarana penghubung aliran listrik antara bagian pembangkit dan distribusi sebelum dialirkan ke konsumen. Tidak hanya itu, bagian transmisi gardu indukpun bertugas untuk menaikan atau menurunkan tegangan listrik. Sebab itulah Transmisi Gardu Induk menjadi bagian penting dalam terciptanya listrik yang sampai pada konsumen dan Transmisi Gardu induk merupakan aset negara yang terjaga dan tidak boleh sembarang orang yang masuk. Salah satu peralatan pada gardu induk ialah CVT (Capacitive Voltage Transformer) yang bertugas sebagai alat proteksi yang mentransformasikan besaran tegangan sistem dari yang tinggi ke besaran tegangan listrik yang lebih rendah sehingga pengukuran menajdi lebih aman, akurat dan teliti. Karena CVT merupakan salah satu alat penting pada gardu induk, penelitian ini memberikan analisis saat pemeliharaan CVT guna terjaganya kelayakan performa CVT tersebut dengan melakukan 3 pengujian yaitu pengujian pentanahan, tahanan isolasi, dan tan delta.
Replacing a Veterinary Physiology Endocrinology Lecture with a Blended Learning Approach Using an Everyday Analogy
Authors: Washburn Shannon E. , Cook Audrey K. , Tayce Jordan D.
Published: May 2021

Understanding scientific concepts and processes is critical for veterinary education. This article outlines the impact of blended learning and the use of an analogy on student understanding of the hypothalamic-pituitary-target gland axis over a three-year period. The first-year veterinary physiology course at our institution was modified to incorporate a blended learning approach. An analogy centered around a fast-food restaurant was introduced via an animated video to explain key concepts using an online module. Students completed the module on their own time and class time was optional for asking questions or obtaining clarification as needed. Learning was assessed using the same set of multiple-choice exam questions (MCQs). As hypothesized, students using the online module performed equally well (significantly better for those in the lower quartile) on three summative MCQs to those who received the same information delivered by traditional lecture. Student feedback identified positive aspects regarding blended learning using the analogy, including dynamic visuals, ability to work at their own time and pace, and ease of repeating information. Students cited lack of discipline and poor time management as obstacles to completing the module. Changing the anatomy and physiology of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland from static images and text to an animated video significantly improved student’s preference for the blended learning approach. Blended learning and the analogy was preferred by 47% of students over the traditional lecture format (21% preferred traditional lecture and 32% were indifferent) and it was more effective in helping students master this important physiological concept.
Financial Leverage And Firms’ Investment Decisions: Evidence from Banking Sector of Pakistan
Authors:   Department of Public Administration, Karachi University Pakistan, Kumar Vijay , Aleemi Abdur Rahman
Published: May 2021

This paper aims to find out the effects of financial leverage on firms’ investment decisions in the Banking Sector of Pakistan. Utilizing panel data techniques along with common effects, fixed effects, and random effects for listed banks from 2006 to 2013, the results indicate that leverage is having no significant effect on the investment decision of banks in Pakistan and hence we support Modigliani and Miller (1958) proposition of Irrelevance theory. To current study is going to provide useful insights to banks and investors that investment decision is irrelevant to the way company is financed, rather banks must focus on other factors such as interest rates, available cash flow, profitability which are found to be relevant to the investment decision. It will also serve as basic literature for future research.
Views from a Black Artist in the Century of Light
Authors: De Souza Elizabeth
Published: May 2021

Twelve years ago, while planning the funeral service for my father, an artist and author born in Philadelphia in 1937, I found within the pages of one of his journals a phrase that caught my eye: The Sorrow Songs. Beneath it were the words Steal Away, which he’d underlined three times....
Transparent Collages
Authors: Bearden Romare
Published: May 2021

Figures and objects float in the luminous depths of Bunch Washington’s Transparent Collages, creations that are fascinating assemblages of textures and colors changing and expanding as the light caresses them at varying angles and at varying degrees of intensity.....
New Black Power
Authors: Smith Derik
Published: May 2021

In 1966, the leader of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee stood in Mississippi and raised a call, “What do we want?” A resounding response poured from hundreds of voices, “Black Power!” (Jeffries 171). This was the first time that the two words came together as a public rallying cry, a punctuating symbol in political struggles in the United States. In the decades after Stokely Carmichael (later known as Kwame Ture) led that chant in Mississippi, the slogan “Black Power” became an activist mantra throughout the Black Diaspora....
Community Agency and Islamic Education in Contemporary Zanzibar
Authors: Bolton Caitlyn
Published: May 2021

Western liberal political philosophy, which undergirds the conception of the modern nation-state as theorized by European philosophers of liberalism from centuries past, is primarily concerned with the dynamics of rights and responsibilities between the individual and state institutions. In defining these dynamics, some philosophers held an assumption of human nature as inherently inclined toward selfish ends...
Vision and the Pursuit of Constructive Social Change
Authors: Hanson Holly
Published: May 2021

At this moment in history, when we are confronting the reality of systemic racism and when a global pandemic is revealing in deadly detail the consequences of extreme inequality, we need to pay attention to the process of social change. The intolerable reality of African American men killed by police has drawn thousands of people around the world into public rejections of racist structures, symbols, and thought....
Transparent Collages
Authors: McCleary McCleary
Published: May 2021

© All rights reserved. Published with permission from the Bunch Washington Foundation.
Aksjologiczne fundamenty demokracji – aktualność myśli społeczno-politycznej Józefa Tischnera
Authors: Jawor Marek
Published: May 2021

W artykule omówiono Tischnerowską koncepcję demokracji, skupiając się na jej podstawowych wartościach tego ustroju. Należą do nich: pokój społeczny, pluralizm, wolność i solidarność. U źródła tych wartości leży egzystencjalnie pojmowany dialog. Celem artykułu jest wskazanie aktualności filozofii Józefa Tischnera szczególnie w dobie burzliwych sporów politycznych o demokrację, które toczą się w ostatnich latach w Polsce.
Commercial-biological estimation of the Paeonia lactiflora Pall. variety from the genetic collection of the Orenburg branch of the Federal Horticultural Research Centre for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery
Authors: Feshchenko E. M. , Kelina A. V. , Lokhova A. I.
Published: May 2021

Peony lactiflorous (Paeonia lactiflora Pall) is one of the most common ornamental plants in commercial and amateur horticulture. The popularity of this species is explained by its adaptability to low temperatures in winter, high decorative value and the possibility of obtaining new sustainable varieties. This article presents data on 12 promising peony lactiflorous introduced varieties of the ornamental plant genetic collection of the Orenburg branch of the Federal Horticultural Research Centre for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery (FRC of Horticulture) (Akron, Albert Crousse, Betty Groff, Madame Emile Lemoine, Madame de Verneville, Maestro, Ruth Clay, Sarah Bernhardt, Tulagi, Valencia, Waikik, Cruiser Aurora). The research was performed in 2018–2020 using conventional methods. To evaluate the influence of the genotype and climatic factors on the real seed production, the data were statistically processed, including a two-way analysis of variance. Upon evaluating the decorativeness, commercial-biological characteristics, introduced stability, it was established that these varieties are suitable for landscape gardening in the Orenburg region. Considering the set of metrics (high decorative value, phenological resistance, introduced prospects, commercial-biological value, varietal features), the Madame Emile Lemoine (double-flowered shape, diameter of 17 cm) and Akron (Japanese flower shape, diameter of 16 cm) varieties offer the combination of the most favourable characteristics for the steppe zone of the South Urals owing to their distinct flower scent, folious shoots, abundant flowering lasting for 13 days and over 3 flowers in the flower spike. The above varieties are characterised by the greatest real seed production (1,727.33±91.8 and 1,767.56±90.8 seeds/bush, respectively), high decorative value, stable phenophase, adaptivity to the sharply continental climate. Thus, further breeding work is recommended. The described peony lactiflorous varieties are promising and recommended for landscape gardening.
MODEL OF WATER CONSUMPTION RATIONING AND CALCULATING THE OPERATION REGIME OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS IRRIGATION
Authors:   Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems, Olgarenko V. Ig. , Monastyrskiy V. A. ,   Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems
Published: May 2021

Purpose: development of a current model of water consumption rationing and calculation of the corresponding rates and terms for agricultural crops irrigation under various hydrometeorological parameters. Materials and methods: the basis for the developed model is a series of field experiments conducted in 2012–2014, as well as analytical studies, the scheme of the experiment, soil and hydrometeorological characteristics, water balance dynamics, precipitation and total moisture supply of the irrigated massif, water consumption according to the development stages of summer planting potatoes were determined. Results and discussion: the model under consideration includes taking into account the water-physical properties of soil, the lowest moisture capacity and moisture reserves, setting critical limit for the irrigation regime, temperature and air humidity deficit, the duration of the growing and inter-irrigation periods, on the basis of which the water consumption of the selected crop is calculated according to the growth phase. Further, the irrigation regime is calculated: the irrigation rate and the difference in moisture reserves, which comparison with the critical limit allows to conclude on irrigation necessity or its prediction for the near future (up to five days) after which irrigation will be needed. A complex for differentiating the irrigation regime with the determining deficits and standards for the parameters under consideration is provided. Conclusions: the model of water consumption rationing, performed on the use of two hydrometeorological factors, taken into account the growth and development phases of the crop under consideration, makes it possible to substantiate the actual calculation of the corresponding norms and terms of agricultural crops irrigation. The model is stable and can be used in land reclamation practice as a part of general technological complex for agricultural crops cultivation on irrigated lands.
INFLUENCE OF FOREST RECLAMATION IMPROVEMENT ON THE PRODUCTION AREA YIELD IN THE DRY STEPPE ZONE
Authors:   Federal Scientific Centre of Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Afforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Silova V. A.
Published: May 2021

Purpose: to assess the state of dry steppe agroforestry landscapes in Volgograd region, to analyze changes in the values of the vegetation index of sown areas in relation to the width of the favorable protective effect of forest plantations to identify the possibility of using Earth remote sensing data to assess the yield of arable land in agroforestry landscapes. Materials and methods. The object of research is agroforestry landscapes of the dry steppe zone. The studies were carried out in Kalachevsky district Volgograd region. The research methods are based on the aerospace survey technique in combination with geoinformation technologies, interpretation and computer modeling in agroforestry landscapes. The analysis of arable land and the impact of protective forest plantations on arable land productivity was carried out using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Results. Dynamics of vegetation indices for the period 2017–2019 showed the relationship between the zone of favorable influence of the forest shelter belts and their level of degradation, which affected the state of winter wheat crops grown in the dry steppe zone, namely the NDVI values. The regularity of changes in the vegetation index is monitored when the safety of protective forest plantations changes. It is possible to determine the estimated yield of the field by the regression equations, applying the relationship between the vegetation index and the safety of forest belts, according to their zone of favorable influence. Conclusions: field-protective forest belts with high forest stand preservation form favorable protective conditions in the fields for growing crops at a distance of up to 300 m for the dry-steppe zone of Volgograd region, which is confirmed by high yields in the zone of influence of these forest plantations.
HYPOMAGNESAEMIA AND HYPOCALCAEMIA THE MAJOR MISSED OUT CLINICAL CONDITION IN THE MANAGEMENT OF DIABETES
Authors: S Divya , Sheerin SMH Fahima , S Chindhiha , M Suganthi , Vincy Sherafin , M Chandrasekar , Kandaswamy Dr Selvakumar
Published: May 2021

Magnesium (Mg) and Calcium (Ca) is one of the essential factors for the insulin to get released from the pancreatic cell. To evaluate the relation of hypomagnesemia and hypocalcaemia in the glycaemic control and to analyse the importance of both Mg and Ca in the insulin secretion mechanism. The study was conducted in the laboratory department, Billroth hospitals. A total of 239 individuals were selected for this study, HbA1c level, serum magnesium and calcium were assessed for all the individuals and in addition to this serum electrolytes were also checked. Out of 239 individuals, 79 were found out as uncontrolled diabetic by calculating HbA1c as a gold standard, males are higher in ratio compared to female. By studying serum magnesium and calcium level, hypocalcaemia is present in more individuals and females (31%) are much prone to both than males (20%). The different correlation was also analysed for hypomagnesemia and hypocalcaemia. The electrolytes like sodium (Na) and potassium (K) was analysed, females are highly affected by electrolyte imbalance but in hypomagnesemia diabetic individuals the males are high in electrolyte imbalance. Since Mg and Ca plays a vital role in insulin synthesis, secretion, repair, and the alteration, along with the hypoglycaemic agents the supplementation of magnesium or calcium could be suggested via, dietary or drug supplements. In addition to this, regular monitoring of electrolytes is essential to maintain fluid balance.
Violence and Politeness in Political Context
Authors:   Kurdish Department, Faculty of Arts, Soran University, Tawfiq Qais Kakl , Mustafa Chiya Ali ,   Kurdish Department, College of Education, Raparin University
Published: May 2021

Apart from the introduction and conclusion the research consists of two parts. The first part is the theoretical aspects of the research, which consists of two sections. The first section identifies the two concepts of violence and politeness/tenderness in terms of language with their semantic features and levels. The second section is dedicated to the speech act theory with identifying violent and polite acts within the speech act theory. the rest of the section deals with discourse, political discourse and election discourse. The second part represents the practical side of the research, which identifies violent and polite speech acts in the discourse of the elected lists including the analysis of the Kurdistani and Goran ( the Change Movement) lists. The research ends with the conclusion, list of references and the abstract in both Arabic and English languages.
Language Deviation in Kurdish Jokes (Nuktey şax as an instance)
Authors:   Kurdish department, Faculty of Arts, Soran University, Tawfiq Qais Kakl , Hussein Hersh Chato ,   Pshdar Education
Published: May 2021

The study is under the title of ´´ Language Deviation in Kurdish Jokes (Nuktey şax as an instance) ´´, which attempts to analyze jokes, from its introduction and composition until discovering the reason of its effect that leaves on the receiver. This is due to the basis of concentration on composing compound words and adapting words, sounds as well as word order. The study assumes that the major characteristic feature of jokes is the deviation and transgression from the ordinary basis, whether it is logical or linguistic. This paper only concentrates on and examines the linguistic deviation. For this purpose, the study takes assistance bases and Grice theory as the measurement to discover the rate of linguistic deviations and how they occur through the two-sided basis in using denotative and connotative meaning and playing with words. The scope of the research work examines the jokes that derive from Kurdish culture and society. In addition, jokes from (Ȓştey mirwarî, Nuktey şax and Gepnamey mȇrguĺan) have been chosen to prove the linguistic deviations.