bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Green initiative in Suranaree University of Technology in Thailand
Authors: Benjaoran Vacharapoom , Parinyakulset Patranid
Published: June 2018

Suranaree University of Technology (SUT) has participated in the Universitas Indonesia (UI) GreenMetric World University Rankings since 2013. It attempts to pursue campus sustainability programs and policies. The rankings is broadly based on the frameworks of environment, economy, and equity. The measurement criteria are divided into six categories with different point weighting i.e. setting and infrastructure, energy and climate change, waste, water, transportation, and education. These criteria heavily and directly involve the tasks and responsibilities of SUT's the Division of Buildings and Ground. A lot of environmental challenges in civil engineering and infrastructure works need to be achieved. The results of this year self-assessment show that although the university is in the developing stage, it can preserve both natural and planted forests more than 90%. It takes seriously role in green initiative by contributing 30% of total budget on sustainable efforts each year. It receives four national awards in the recognition of energy conservation initiative for green buildings. The university establishes the Integrated Solid Waste Management Plant (ISWM Plant) based on mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) which turns general wastes into valuable and sellable refuse-derived fuel (RDF). Moreover, these sustainable movements are in the continuous improvement process.
Investigation on application of a typical mortar for clinker in prefabricated façade panels - test’s results
Authors: Kałuża Marta , Hulimka Jacek , Kubica Jan , Kozdroń Kamil
Published: June 2018

In the last period, openwork facades have become very fashionable and commonly used in modern public buildings. They are characterised by an outstanding design and proper lighting of the interior spaces, while providing lightweight solution of the façade. The typical erecting method of an openwork façade - often made of ceramic components - is in-situ bricklaying using specific mortar dedicated to clinker elements. Unfortunately, ensuring proper executive conditions and preparation of the ceramic elements is not always possible. Hence, together with the development of architectural requirements, there has appeared a natural need to create prefabricated elements, which reflect the real bricklaying wall and ensure the safety of the solution. The paper presents a laboratory study on untypical application of a mortar for clinker, used to prefabrication of an elevation panel. The tests of mortar and solution of openwork prefabricated panel made using this mortar and special-shaped clinker components are presented and discussed. The material tests include determination of the strength properties of three types of mortar mixture, differing of each other by water content. The second part of this paper presents the laboratory tests of prefabricated panels, made using previously tested mortars, supported and loaded similar to the real working conditions.
Sustainable residential housing for senior citizens - contemporary projects
Authors: Strzelecka-Seredyńska Monika
Published: June 2018

This paper conforms to themes relating to the shaping of sustainable built environment. It tackles issues connected with the implementation of sustainable solutions in residential housing for senior citizens. It presents selected innovative implemented European projects of new buildings and modernisation projects of the existing development comprising the adjustment to the needs of the elderly and to the requirements of sustainable housing.
Influence of the fly ash and the prior freezing and thawing on the sulphate resistance of cement mortars
Authors: Marczewska Julia
Published: June 2018

The use of fly ash for the production of cement is a typical example of the utilization of by-products (waste) from various fields of production in construction, a significant reduction of CO2 emissions and reduction of energy consumption. However, in order to be able to determine the suitability of this additive in construction, it is necessary to examine the durability of cement composites with fly ash in various, often complicated, destructive environments. There are known publications regarding the durability of concretes with fly ash in individual environments. However, in natural conditions, several destructive environments are common at the same time. The article presents an attempt to reproduce natural conditions. This paper presents the results of sulphate expansion tests of air-entrained (AE) and non-air-entrained (nAE) Portland and fly ash cement mortars subjected to prior freezing and thawing. Despite significant strains experienced during freeze-thaw cycles, unlike the non-air-entrained Portland cement mortars, the non-air-entrained mortars made of fly ash cement did not exhibit any significant expansion when exposed to Na2SO4. For 17 months no expansion was found in the air-entrained mortars made of either of the cement types when immersed in Na2SO4solution after freezethaw cycles. The results of the SEM and EDS analyses showed that gypsum and ettringite were the sulphate attack products in all the mortars. The highest amounts of ettringite were found in air voids.
Lightweight sintered aggregate as construction material in concrete structures
Authors: Grygo Robert , Pranevich Victor
Published: June 2018

The paper presents the result of testing a new patented lightweight aggregates. The only solid material used to manufactured these aggregate is fly ash. Lightweight sintered aggregate is durable, lightweight and high-strength material. It is environmentally friendly material. It has chance to by future material in concrete use. The laboratory test shown that the concrete made from the this special lightweight sintered aggregate possesses low porosity, high strength and high durability potential. The bulk density, depending on the product fraction, oscillates between 550- 830 kg/m3. This special lightweight sintered aggregate has also high resistance to crushing, when we compare to another lightweight aggregate.
The possibility of shrinkage strain reduction in cements mortars
Authors: Gruszczyński Maciej , Bajorek Grzegorz
Published: June 2018

The subject of the paper is presentation of action mechanism and effectiveness estimation of different types of chemical admixtures that make it possible to control the course of shrinkage strains associated with cement hydration process. There are presented tests results from the research program realization in which there were used the basic types of admixtures allowing for producing mortars and concretes with reduced or compensated shrinkage. In conducted tests there were applied admixtures based on calcium oxide, multi-molecule alcohol as well as water polymer dispersions (styrene-acrylic co-polymer - SA and styrene-butadiene latex - SBR). Their influence onto the magnitude of shrinkage strain and strength development for cement mortars was analyzed.
Post cracking behaviour of fibre reinforced concrete with mineral wool fibers residues
Authors: Kosior-Kazberuk Marta , Krassowska Julita , Piña Ramírez Carolina
Published: June 2018

The research concerns the feasibility of recycling fibers from mineral wool residues from construction and demolition waste, by incorporating them into a fine grained concrete. All the specimens of concrete with various types of fibers have been subjected to the mechanical tests of flexural and compressive strength. Also the pre-cracking and postcracking softening behaviour of concrete with fiber residues has been investigated. The flexural load-CMOD and load-deflection relationships, obtained in three-point bending test, have been used to determine the fracture parameters: fracture energy, critical stress intensity factor, critical crack tip opening displacement, critical effective crack length. It was verified that the incorporation of mineral residues to a cement concrete is a viable alternative for their recycling; the new composites analyzed maintain adequate mechanical properties for different application.
On the assessment of existing civil engineering structures
Authors: Chmielewski Tadeusz
Published: June 2018

The paper deals with the reasons for technical and moral deterioration of civil engineering structures, which constitute the enormous economic and political assets in every country. Extending their working life is an important social issue with always limited financial resources. In the next part, the following is presented: provisions of the building law, the procedure of the preliminary and detailed assessment with a structural analysis and proposals for possible interventions (e.g. rehabilitation, performance monitoring). The paper ends with a proposal of how to prepare the final report which should be issued upon the completion of the assessment, and the example of the structure after rehabilitation.
Numerical analysis of suction influence on the behaviour of unsaturated elasto-plastic soil medium
Authors: Fedczuk Paweł
Published: June 2018

The paper presents a concept of numerical analysis of suction influence on behaviour of partially saturated soil medium. Behaviour of soil is described by elasto-plastic model of unsaturated soil [1]. A numerical procedure of stress path simulation in the triaxial test [2] is used for the analysis of one non-standard shear path (for 3 suction levels).
The Construction History and Assessment of Two Heritage Industrial Buildings in Wrocław
Authors: Berkowski Piotr , Dmochowski Grzegorz , Barański Jacek , Szołomicki Jerzy
Published: June 2018

Industrial buildings from the beginning of the 20th century can still be found in Polish cities. Some of them have already been listed as heritage objects. Those structures where new technical solutions and materials were used, for example concrete, are especially interesting. Some of those objects are currently under a process of restoration with the aim to reconstruct and adapt them for completely new and different utility functions but without losing their important heritage value. In this paper, elements of the assessment procedure of the technical state regarding a historical survey, material examination and structural analysis, are presented on the example of two selected industrial buildings in which reinforced concrete was used as the main structural material. The main aim of the performed diagnostic procedure was verification of the load-bearing capacity of structures of the examined buildings. The calculation made confirmed that in case of not damaged concrete elements they have enough capacity to carry on newly designed loads. That confirmed that old concrete structures, especially in industrial buildings, sometimes have capacity reserves. On the other hand it allows to perform the design of less invasive renovation works or strengthening solutions with the aim to respect their industrial heritage value.
Problems concerning reconstruction of old postindustrial building of a closed coal mine and its adaptation to a new utility function
Authors: Hulimka Jacek , Kubica Jan , Kałuża Marta
Published: June 2018

The waiting room and bath building is one of the two preserved industrial facilities of the former Gliwice Mine. It was built in the first years of the 20thcentury and fulfilled its function till mine liquidation in 2000. It was overhauled and modernized in 2005-2008 and currently fulfills a new function. The paper presents a summarized history of the Gliwice Mine, a detailed description of the building structure, its technical condition before the overhaul and problems encountered during the adaptation works. It also briefly indicates the causes of the observed damage as well as describes the scope of the basic modernization works related to the new function of the building as an education and office facility. Moreover, it presents the manner of conducting the overhaul and modernization works leading to restoration of the full utility values in the new function.
Analysis construction industry on the basis of price trends of labor cost
Authors: Przywara Daniel , Rak Adam
Published: June 2018

Records of the national, average pay rates in the construction industry, at quarterly intervals, allow cost - planning departments of contractors and investment services to assess current market conditions in the construction industry. Price quarterly publications, such as Sekocenbud and Intercenbud, contain important information, enabling production preparation departments to prepare a comparison of the production in-house labor rates with the market production labor rates. The article attempts to analyze the economic situation of domestic construction production in the years 2010-2016 based on the emerging price trends of the of labor cost estimates in this period, taking into account the impact of seasonal construction services. In "Polish cost estimates standards", the labor cost estimate rate is present in one form: the net labor cost estimate rate, which fully corresponds to the rate defined in calculation formulas. The rates of labor cost estimates, in individual regions of Poland, are shaped according to the presented market situations. This clearly is reflected in the periodic (quarterly) regional records of labor rates in the Sekocenbud system. The Act on prices of July 5, 2001 does not contain any normative regulations regarding the methods of cost estimation of construction works. The necessity to remain competitive forces large construction corporations to use a subcontracting system, involving several or even several dozen smaller, specialized in a narrow range of works, business entities in which labor costs are definitely lower, because they are reduced by a lower value of internal costs.
Planning the development of spatial management and transport system of a city from the point of view of environmental impact
Authors: Chmielewski Jacek , Szczuraszek Tomasz
Published: June 2018

This paper presents the results of analyses of the influence of changes in spatial management on changes in the emissions of selected harmful chemicals and road traffic noise. The analyses were carried out for different scenarios of urban development: from a compact city with densely developed areas and a higher residential density to a diffuse city, where residents live in suburban areas with good quality of air, but have to spend a lot of time commuting to work and school. The results of traffic modelling analyses considering transport needs of a specific urban area enabled the determination of possible effects of a spatial planning policy on the residents’ standard of living and the influence of the policy on natural environment. The article ends with conclusions and recommendations for planning the development of a city's spatial management from the point of view of the transport needs of its residents and the impact of their everyday trips on the environment.
Feasibility Study of construction project in compliance with Bank Investment Supervision requirements
Authors: Konior Jarosław
Published: June 2018

On the basis of the 12-year author's practice of Bank Investment Supervision developed methodology significant construction projects risks have been identified and measured: risks of the highest impact values and risks of the biggest likelihood appearance. The research has been recorded in 400 - 450 reports of 42 investment projects in advanced manufacturing, commercial, residential, hotels and apartment housing sectors. At least one risk of the highest measured level of significance has been highlighted at each phase of investment process: design, construction and maintenance. A reasonable level of risks significance has been determined which stands for not more than 1/3 of possible significance in “risks monitoring” strategy. Engineering, Project and Construction Management (EPCM) approach to investment process and solid, consequent, regular construction projects monitoring executed by professional Banking Supervision Inspector (BSI) make possible to minimise any faults of inappropriate financing of construction projects.
Intersektorale augenmedizinische Facharztzentren und Versorgung auf dem Land
Authors: Hahn Ursula , Awe Burkhard , Koch Jörg , März Markus
Published: June 2018

Zielsetzung Große Praxen und Medizinische Einrichtungen tragen unzureichend zur Versorgung in ländlichen Regionen bei, so lautet eine häufig vorgetragene
Kritik. Umfassende öffentlich zugängliche Datenquellen dazu fehlen jedoch, auch die MVZ-Statistik der Kassenärztlichen Bundesvereinigung berichtet nur über
Haupt-, nicht jedoch über die Nebenbetriebsstätten. Beispielhaft wurde daher die Aufstellung für Intersektorale augenmedizinischen Facharztzentren erhoben.

Methodik Für alle im OcuNet Verbund organisierten Zentren wurden in 2016 die Leistungsstandorte mit den jeweiligen Leistungsschwerpunkten erfasst und
Regionstypen der Bedarfs planungsrichtlinie zugeordnet. Für die Zentren, die Standorte über die Grenzen eines Stadtgebietes haben, wurden die absolute und
relative Häufigkeit der Standorte bzw. Leistungsschwerpunkte insgesamt und nach den 5 Regionstypen der Bedarfsplanungsregionen erfasst.

Ergebnisse 15 der 19 Zentren hatten Standorte über die Grenzen eines Stadtgebietes hinaus. Diese Zentren kommen auf insgesamt 155 Leistungsstandorte,
davon wiesen 132 (85 %) ein konservatives Leistungsspektrum auf. Insgesamt 55 Prozent der Leistungsstandorte entfielen auf die Kreistypen 4 („mitversorgte
Bereiche“) und 5 („eigenversorgte Gebiete“); also die Kreistypen ländlicher Regionen, die typischerweise besonders stark von Ärztemangel betroffen sind.

Schlussfolgerung Nahezu ¾ der Intersektoralen augenmedizinischen Facharztzentren des OcuNet Verbundes filialisieren; die Leistungsstandorte dieser Zentren
liegen in der Mehrheit in ländlichen Regionen. Die These der unzureichenden Versorgung in der Fläche lässt sich für die betrachtete Stichprobe nicht
bestätigen.
Prävention und Therapie der Arthrose – Systembiologische Sichtweise
Authors: Dickreiter Bernhard
Published: June 2018

Die Arthrose ist mittlerweile eine Volkskrankheit. Überwiegend wird sie verursacht durch multiple negative Faktoren, die aus der modernen Lebensweise resultieren. Deshalb kann eine medikamentöse Therapie nur symptomatisch wirken. Eine sinnvolle und wirksame Prävention und Therapie von Zivilisationskrankheiten, so auch der Arthrose, muss immer an der gesamten Lebensweise mit Ernährung, Bewegung, Mikronährstoffstatus, Dysstress, Zivilisationsgifte usw. ansetzen. Die Systembiologie zeigt auf, dass bei einem komplexen biologischen System wie einem Gelenk alle „Mangelfaktoren“ für eine erfolgreiche Prävention und ursächliche Therapie behoben werden müssen.
Yamamoto Neue Schädelakupunktur
Authors: Ogal Hans P.
Published: June 2018

Die Yamamoto Neue Schädelakupunktur (YNSA) wurde in den 1960er-Jahren von dem japanischen Anästhesisten und Schmerztherapeuten Dr. med. Toshikatsu Yamamoto (PhD) begründet. Neben der Entdeckung des neuen Mikrosystems am Kopf modifizierte Yamamoto als diagnostische Weiterentwicklung die orientalische Bauchdeckendiagnostik und ordnete die auf ihr beruhenden Reflexzonen den Schädelakupunkturpunkten zu. Die YNSA ist geeignet zur schnellen und effizienten Behandlung aller funktionellen und prinzipiell reversiblen Störungen sowie Schmerzzuständen des Bewegungssystems. Auch für die Schmerztherapie und verbesserte Mobilisation nach Verletzungen und Operationen ist sie indiziert sowie zur Rehabilitation und Behandlung von zentralen und peripheren Lähmungen.
Zum Beitrag der gesundheitsökonomischen Forschung zur medizinischen Versorgung
Authors: Leidl Reiner
Published: June 2018

Die Gesundheitsökonomie kann den optimalen Ressourceneinsatz in der medizinischen Versorgung auf vielfältige Weise unterstützen. Nach einem Blick auf
Entwicklungen in der prozessorientierten, morbiditätsbezogenen Steuerung der Krankenhausversorgung stehen Ergebnisse, speziell die Patientenperspektive und
Patient-Reported Outcomes im Fokus. Näher vorgestellt werden Messansätze und Auswirkungen präferenz- und erfahrungsbasierter Bewertungen der
gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität. Als Basis dienen Bevölkerungsstichproben und routinemäßig erhobene, indikationsspezifische Stichproben. Zum
ergebnisbezogenen Value-based Health Care Ansatz wird der Wertbegriff kritisch beleuchtet. Einen neuen Ansatz zur Integration medizinischer und ökonomischer
Zielsetzungen bildet das Outcome-orientierte Versorgungsmanagement. Dazu werden Entwicklungstrends, ein Managementzyklus und ein Studienbeispiel behandelt.
Outcomes sind ein vielversprechendes Zukunftsthema, mit dem Beiträge der gesundheitsökonomischen Forschung zur medizinischen Versorgung weiter verbessert werden
könnten.
Mechanismenbasierte Therapie neuropathischer Schmerzen
Authors: Tina Mainka , Maier C. , Enax-Krumnova Elena K.
Published: June 2018

Neuropathische Schmerzen entstehen als direkte Folge einer Erkrankung oder Läsion des somatosensorischen Systems. In der Allgemeinbevölkerung haben sie eine Prävalenz von bis zu 10 %, bei Diabetikern bis zu 30 %. Typisch ist das gleichzeitige Auftreten von Plus- (Schmerz, Hyperalgesie) und Minussymptomen (Hypästhesie, Hypoalgesie) für thermische und/oder mechanische Reize, wobei unterschiedliche Symptomkonstellationen unabhängig von der Krankheitsätiologie auftreten. Die genaue Analyse der sensorischen Symptome erlaubt Rückschlüsse über die Mechanismen der Schmerzentstehung (z. B. periphere und zentrale Sensibilisierung, Störung endogener Schmerzhemmung), was zusammen mit der Kenntnis der pharmakologischen Angriffspunkte der üblicherweise eingesetzten Medikamente (Antikonvulsiva, Antidepressiva, Opioide und topisch applizierte Wirkstoffe) eine gezieltere Pharmakotherapie ermöglicht. Einige Studien konnten einen Zusammenhang zwischen dem sensorischen Profil und dem Therapieeffekt verschiedener Medikamente nachweisen. Weitere Studien sind notwendig, um diesbezüglich leitlinienrelevante Empfehlungen für die individuelle Therapieauswahl auszusprechen.
Kosteneffektivität – Validierung ökonomischer Evaluationen auf Basis von Routinedaten
Authors: Potempa Christoph
Published: June 2018

Achana et al. A methodological framework for assessing agreement between cost-effectiveness outcomes estimated using alternative sources of data on treatment
costs and effects for trial-based economic evaluations. Eur J Health Econ; 2018; 19: 75–86

Die Autoren Achana et al. stellen in ihrer Arbeit ein methodologisches Framework zur Validierung der Endpunkte von Kosten-Effektivitäts-Analysen vor, bei dem
die Behandlungskosten und ökonomischen Auswirkunge n durch die Verwendung alternativer Datenquellen (z. B. durch Routinedatensätze) geschätzt werden können
und veranschaulichen die Methode zusätzlich an einem neonatologischen Fallbeispiel.
Akute Pankreatitis als schwere Komplikation einer Erstmanifestation eines Typ-2-Diabetes
Authors: Gördes Lukas , Roden Michael , Müssig Karsten
Published: June 2018

Es gibt eine Reihe von Erkrankungen, die als Folge des Diabetes bestehen oder begleitend auftreten. Diese zu diagnostizieren und die Ursachen richtig einzuschätzen, ist besonders schwer, wenn der Diabetes im Frühstadium noch undiagnostiziert ist. Häufig genannte schwere Komplikationen, die eventuell eine intensivmedizinische Behandlung benötigen, sind Ketoazidosen bei Typ-1-Diabetes oder ein hyperosmolares Koma bei Typ-2-Diabetes. Insbesondere bei adipösen Patienten kann jedoch die Erstmanifestation eines Typ-2-Diabetes mit weiteren, potenziell schwerwiegenden Komplikationen assoziiert sein – wie das folgende Beispiel eines 32-jährigen Patienten eindrucksvoll belegt.
Histomorphometry and Protein Expression From the Ovary and Uterine Horns of Wistar Strain Albino Rats Treated with Methanol Leave Extract of Parquetina Nigrescens
Authors: Akinjiola Akinwale , Ajala Oluwatoyin , Aina Oluwasanmi , Oyebanji Victor , Olukunle Johnny
Published: June 2018

Background The effects of methanol extract of Parquetina nigrescens were studied on histomorphometry and protein expression (SDS-PAGE) from the ovaries and uteri of wistar rats.

Methods 30 sexually matured rats were used for the study with 10 each in the control and treatment 100 mgkg−1 and 400 mgkg−1 groups. The extract was orally administered for 14 days. Histological sections of tissues collected presented no abnormalities.

Results An increase in the number of developing and matured follicles were observed during the study in the treated groups compared to the control in the follicular and the luteal phases. The corpora lutea in the treated groups were fewer in number to that of the control in the follicular phase and in the luteal phase. Sections of the uterine horns showed significant narrowing in the lumen diameter and increases in epithelial height with increased laydown of the lamina propria in the treated groups. The expression of protein bands fractionated during the study, confirm the presence of proteins expressed repeatedly from the ovary and uterine horns in the follicular and luteal phases at the 70 kDa and 63 kDa regions.

Conclusions The study concluded that the methanol extract of the plant increased folliculogenesis on the ovary, secretory activity in the nuclei of the epithelium and the fibroplasia of the lamina propria while narrowing the lumen of the uterine horns which are similar to the effects of oestrogen or oestrogen-like substances on these reproductive organs and may have an effect on the abundance of protein expressed in the follicular phase.
Unconventional Rose Odorants: Serendipitous Discovery and Unique Olfactory Properties of 2,2-Bis(prenyl)-3-oxobutyronitrile and Its Derivatives
Authors: Hauser Nicole , Kraft Philip , Carreira Erick
Published: June 2018

2,2-Bis(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-3-oxobutanenitrile [2,2-bis(prenyl)-3-oxobutyronitrile], an unusual bifunctional nitrile odorant with a fruity rosy, green odor was found to exhibit surprising differences in its detection thresholds (0.25 ng/L air for hyperosmics; 19 ng/L air for hyposmics) and perceived odor characters. To investigate this remarkable phenomenon, 13 derivatives of 2,2-bis(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-3-oxobutanenitrile were synthesized by either monoalkylation of 3-oxo-2-phenylbutanenitrile, or by dialkylation of sodium 1-cyano-2-oxopropan-1-ide or methyl or ethyl cyanoacetate, or by direct derivatization of 2,2-bis(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-3-oxobutanenitrile via its vinyl triflate and Negishi cross coupling. These systematic permutations of the substitution pattern allowed some insight to be gained into the underlying structure–odor relationships and the construction of a simple olfactophore model, albeit no final conclusion could be drawn as to whether the nitrile or carbonyl function acts as the prime osmophore of the bifunctional compounds. Depending on slight genetic variations and the corresponding differences in the receptor morphology both can engage in H-bond interactions with the olfactory receptors, which might explain the observed largely diverging sensitivities. Methyl 2-cyano-2,2-bis(3-methylbut-2-enyl)acetate with a uniform odor threshold of 0.38 ng/L air turned out to be the most interesting floral, rosy odorant of this study, followed by 3-methyl-2,2-bis(3-methylbut-2-enyl)but-3-enenitrile with only a nitrile function and varying odor thresholds (0.40 ng/L air vs. 125 ng/L air).
One-Pot Reductive Allylation of Amides by Using a Combination of Titanium Hydride and an Allylzinc Reagent: Application to a Total Synthesis of (–)-Castoramine
Authors: Tokuyama Hidetoshi , Itabashi Suguru , Shimomura Masashi , Sato Manabu , Azuma Hiroki , Okano Kentaro , Sakata Juri
Published: June 2018

A one-pot direct reductive allylation protocol has been developed for the synthesis of secondary amines by using titanium ­hydride and an allylzinc reagent. This protocol is applicable to a broad range of substrates, including acyclic amides, benzamides, α,β-unsaturated amides, and lactams. The stereochemical outcome obtained from the reaction with crotylzinc reagent suggested that the allylation reaction proceeds through a six-membered cyclic transition state. A total synthesis of (–)-castoramine was accomplished by following this protocol for the highly stereoselective construction of contiguous stereo­centers.
Defibrination Syndrome Followed by Hypercoagulable State
Authors: Rachmilewitz E. A , Schenker J , Kropatkin M. L
Published: June 2018

A 37-year-old woman developed an acute defibrination syndrome with peripheral vascular collapse and a renal shut-down following an operation for uterine prolapse. The bleeding tendency was controlled by treatment with blood, Cohn’s fraction I and EACA. During the period when the levels of the clotting factors reached a peak, the patient developed multiple pulmonary emboli. The patient recovered following administration of heparin and antibiotics. The connection between the defibrination syndrome and the subsequent hypercoagulable state is discussed with special mention of the possible role of therapy - mainly EACA - in the production of the latter. The levels of the various clotting factors were very low at the time of the bleeding, but rose to abnormally high values within the ensuing 8 to 10 days.
Experimentelle Verbrauchskoagulopathie nach intravenöser Zufuhr von Fett und Endotoxin
Authors: Huth K , Schoenborn W , Knorpp KL
Published: June 2018

Die Infusion einer Öl-in-Wasser-Emulsion (10%iges Lipofundin®) in einer Dosierung von 2 g Fett/kg Körpergewicht innerhalb von 2 Stunden führt beim Kaninchen zu Gerinnungsstörungen, die sich ebenso wie die vorübergehenden GerinnungsVeränderungen nach einer einmaligen Endotoxingabe als leichte Verbrauchsreaktion deuten lassen. Bei einer Kombination von Fettinfusion und Endotoxin in beliebiger Reihenfolge, wobei der zeitliche Abstand der Applikationen geringer als 6 Stunden sein muß, kommt es zu einer schweren Verbrauchskoagulopathie mit hämorrhagischer Diathese und Exitus im Kreislauf versagen nach Art des generalisierten SSP. Die Pathogenese der Gerinnungsstörungen und ihre Bedeutung für die Klinik werden diskutiert.
The Conversion of Prethrombin to Thrombin
Authors: Baker W. J , Seegers W. H
Published: June 2018

Purified prethrombin was converted to thrombin in an activating system consisting of purified autoprothrombin C, purified Ac-globulin, lipid and calcium chloride. With the concentration of calcium and pH fixed, the effect of varying the other 3 pro-coagulants was studied.

Conditions influencing the conversion of prethrombin to thrombin were determined. Autoprothrombin C is the enzyme, but with it alone activation was very slow. Best results were obtained with the simultaneous presence of autoprothrombin C, Ac-globulin and lipid. Reducing any one of the three toward zero concentration decreased the rate and yield of thrombin generation. In association with rapid thrombin generation Ac-globulin and autoprothrombin C were represented in approximately a 1:1 molar ratio. In that combination of Ac-globulin and autoprothrombin C the Michaelis constant for autoprothrombin C with prethrombin as a substrate was 3.14 × 10-6M.
The Blood Clotting Properties of Rabbit Peritoneal Leukocytes in Vitro
Authors: Rapaport S. I , Hjort P. F
Published: June 2018

A systematic in vitro study has been carried out of the blood clotting properties of rabbit peritoneal leukocytes. Rabbit heterophils have been shown to possess weak but definite tissue thromboplastic activity. They also contain an anticoagulant activity which is active in the intrinsic clotting system, in the extrinsic clotting system with brain thromboplastin, and in clotting systems with Russell’s viper venom. When the thromboplastic activity of the white cell itself initiates clotting, the anticoagulant is much less effective and the procoagulant effect of the WBC suspension predominates. Rabbit heterophils do not bind plasma clotting factors, do not activative factor V, and, under our conditions, do not precipitate fibrinogen from normal plasma, from plasma exposed to traces of thrombin in vitro, or from plasma of rabbits given endotoxin.

The relation of these findings to the role of the granulocyte in the pathogenesis of the generalized Shwartzman reaction has been discussed.
The Role of Thrombin in Fibrinogen Biosynthesis
Authors: Pickart L. R , Pilgeram L. O
Published: June 2018

Mouse liver slices incubated in a human serum medium displayed significantly greater incorporation of glycine-14C into fibrinogen than when incubated with plasma. Preincubation of heat defibrinated plasma with thrombin produced an increase in the level of biosynthesis comparable to that induced by serum whereas defibrination of the plasma incubation medium exerted no stimulatory effect on biosynthesis. Subcutaneous injection of 50 u of heterologous thrombin into Swiss albino mice induced an increase (0.5 to 1.9 fold) in the rate of biosynthesis of fibrinogen comparable to that induced in vitro by blood derived from aging or arteriosclerotic human subjects. Thrombin is not the primary agent in the control of the synthesis of fibrinogen since the activity of thrombin, when preincubated with plasma, had disappeared before the plasma was used as a medium for stimulating the synthesis of fibrinogen. Also, incubation of serum led to the production of a factor which greatly enhanced the biosynthesis of fibrinogen. This condition is not known to lead to the production of thrombin.
Urokinase Evaluated with the Experimental Radioactive Embolus
Authors: Hume M
Published: June 2018

Urokinase and urokinase-activated plasmin have been given to the dog and rabbit. A thrombolytic state has been induced. Purified urokinase has induced lysis of the experimental radioactive blood clot embolus in the circulation. Demonstration of effectiveness in this animal experiment is hampered by inhibition of the agents in the circulation to a degree much greater than was noted in previous experiments with streptokinase. In vitro testing indicates that under proper conditions urokinase will be an effective agent in the treatment of human thromboembolism.
Fibrinolysis: Mathematical and Experimental Studies
Authors: Liniger W , Ruegsegger P
Published: June 2018

In the present paper we discuss a mathematical model of fibrinolysis, encompassing the major chemical reactions associated with this process, and show that it is in good agreement with the results of extensive experimental studies. We anticipate that such mathematical simulation, possibly combined with automation of auxiliary experimental measurements, may serve as a basis for faster and simpler clinical assays.
Fibrinogen Break-Down Products and Clotting Parameters
Authors: Gormsen J , Laursen B
Published: June 2018

Fibrinogen and fibrin break-down products (b. p.) in vitro and in vivo are identified by immunodiffusion, Immunoelectrophoresis and acryl-disc-electrophoresis with immunodiffusion.

The clotting parameters obtained in vitro by addition of b. p. to plasma system are compared with similar tests in patients with spontaneous occurence of b. p.

B. p. formed after short plasmin digestion of fibrinogen prolong significantly the thrombin time, reduce the maximal thrombin activity in the thrombin generation test and inhibit the clot formation in TEG, increasing the k- and reducing the mA values. These b. p. are further digested. The plasmin resistant fractions exhibiting D or E antigenic properties are less active. The specific activity of the different fractions were not investigated.

The clotting parameters in patients with spontaneous occurence of b. p. (D fraction) are very different. Defects similar, but not identical, to those obtained in vitro by addition of b. p. to plasma systems are seen. Accelerated thrombin generation, enhanced fibrin polymerization and accelerated clot formation in TEG are found in others. Similar differences in fibrinolytic activity are demonstrated. The presence of b. p. might be the only abnormality found. B. p. are suggested to develop either as the result of localized thrombo-fibrinolysis or during a more generalized increase in fibrinolytic activity.

Immunological methods can demonstrate b. p. in the concentration of 0.05 to 0.10 mg%. The thrombin time is not significantly prolonged until b. p. are present in the concentration of 0.5 mg% (early b. p.) - 2 mg% (later b. p.) as estimated spectrophotometrically.
The Clot-Promoting Effect of Adenosine-5’-Diphosphate (ADP). II. Site of Action
Authors: Pizzuto J , Didisheim P , Bithell Th. C
Published: June 2018

1. ADP accelerates the rate of the “contact” phase of thromboplastin generation by a mechanism which is independent of its known effects on platelets.

2. The acceleratory effect is the result of an interaction between ADP and a plasma factor which is not clearly identifiable with any generally recognized coagulation factor (i. e., factors I-XIII).
Split Products of Fibrinogen after Prolonged Interaction with Plasmin
Authors: Niléhn J.-E
Published: June 2018

End split products of fibrinogen after prolonged interaction with plasmin were separated on DEAE-cellulose. The D and E compounds measured with light ab- sorbancy constituted about 75% respectively 10% of the end split products.

The D product was separated by electrophoresis into 8 components with slight difference in charge and all of them carried the same antigenic determinants. All components were found in plasmin digested fibrinogen prepared from a pool and from single donors. Four of the ∼D components were predominant. The sedimentation coefficient of the D preparation with these 4 components was 5.3 and the fraction sedimented as an homogenous peak. Slight heterogeneity of the preparation was, however, found on determination of the diffusion coefficient. The molecular weight was calculated as 80,000. On gel filtration of the D fraction on Sephadex G 200, the D products were eluted in the beginning of the albumin peak. It is suggested that the D product which is practically homogenous on ultracentrifugation dissociates on electrophoresis. The combination of the electrophoretic, immunologic and ultracentrifugal data suggests that the fibrinogen molecule consists of a series of similar repetitive units.

The E product was homogenous in the ultracentrifuge and on electrophoresis. The sedimentation coefficient was 3.3 and the molecular weight was estimated to 40,800.

On filtration through Sephadex G 200 the E product was hardly distinguishable from the D product and was eluted together with the ablumin.
An Investigation of the Assay of Heparin Based on Its Activity in Vivo
Authors: Rezansoff W. E , Jaques L. B
Published: June 2018

The potency of different heparin preparations was investigated in vivo, by measuring the Lee and White clotting time, lipolytic activity and partial thromboplastin time of blood samples drawn at intervals after the intravenous injection of heparin into the anesthetized dog. The blood clotting time in log minutes, the thromboplastin time in log seconds, and the plasma lipolytic activity measured as the decrease in optical density of a synthetic cocuont oil emulsion per unit of time after incubation with postheparin plasma, were plotted against time after injection. A linear relation was obtained between the dose of heparin and the response measured as the area under the curve.

The in vivo responses for 6 heparin preparations at 3 dose levels were compared with those for a reference heparin. The potency of each relative to the reference was estimated as the ratio of equally effective doses. The results obtained were compared with assay values reported for in vitro tests - U.S.P. , Howell, colorimetric (Lovibond, Beckman DK-2 spectrophotometer and microelectrophoresis on agarose) . There was no consistent case of one assay methodgiving results greatly different from the others and no assay method consistently described the activity of the heparin preparation in another test system, in vitro or in vivo.
Eine einfache Methode zur Herstellung von menschlichem Faktor-VII-Mangelplasma
Authors: Lechner K , Deutsch E
Published: June 2018

Es wird eine Methode zur Herstellung eines artifiziellen Faktor-VII-Mangelplasmas beschrieben, wobei Faktor VII von den Faktoren II und X durch Chromatographie an DEAE-Zellulose abgetrennt wird. Vergleichende Teste mit dem artifiziellen Faktor-VII-Mangelplasma und einem natürlichen Faktor-VII-Mangelplasma ergaben eine befriedigende Übereinstimmung der Werte.
The Formation and “Decay” of Xlla
Authors: Speer R. J , Ridgway Helen
Published: June 2018

Various materials and conditions have been investigated for their effect on Hageman factor activation. Fatty acid soaps, purified phospholipids, ellagic acid, platelets, and freezing and thawing were among those studied.

Under certain circumstances XIIa activity disappeared spontaneously; the factors affecting the kinetics of this “decay” have been evaluated. Successful regeneration of this “decayed” XII a has been achieved. On the basis of these observations, it is postulated that during its “decay”, XIIa reverts to XII by spontaneous molecular refolding.
Turnover of 131I-Fibrinogen in Mercury Chloride Intoxicated Dogs
Authors: Gałasinski W , Worowski K , Niewiarowski S , Franecki G
Published: June 2018

The turnover of 131I-fibrinogen, studied in 15 normal dogs, amounted on the average to 2.6 days. The fibrinogen level considerably increased but the biological half-life time of 131I-fibrinogen was significantly shorter in mercury chloride intoxicated dogs, particularly in the first phase of intoxication.

It has been concluded that the fibrinolytic enzymes connected with kidney and depleted in intoxicated dogs are not essential for the fibrinogen catabolism. The elevation of fibrinogen in mercury chloride intoxication is not directly caused by the inhibition of fibrinolytic enzymes.

Possible explanations of the accelerated turnover of fibrinogen in HgCl2 treated dogs were discussed.
Studies of Cross-Reactivity of Acquired Factor VIII Inhibitor Activity in Hemophilic Plasma
Authors: Abildgaard C. F , Vanderheiden J , Lindley A , Rickles F
Published: June 2018

The plasma of a hemophilic patient with acquired factor VIII inhibitory activity was found to be time and temperature dependent, resistant to heat and stable on storage at -20°. Studies revealed cross-reactivitiy with 11 different mammalian plasmas but no cross-reaction was found with chicken plasma. The inhibitory activity of the plasma studied was neutralized by fresh normal plasma and normal serum but not by aged normal plasma or hemophilic plasma (20 patients). Comparison of the present findings with other reports suggest a difference in cross-reactivity of acquired inhibitors and inhibitory activity induced by immunization of animals.
The Fibrinolytic System in South African White and Bantu Men
Authors: Lackner H , Johnson A. J
Published: June 2018

1. In a study of fibrinolytic activity conducted among South African Bantus and white males, the Bantus were found to have greater fibrinolytic activity, primarily because of higher levels of plasminogen activator.

2. Levels of fibrinolytic inhibitors were similar in the 2 groups.

3. The plasminogen level was significantly higher in the Bantus than in the South African whites, but it could not be correlated with fibrinolytic activity in individual subjects.

4. Differences in serum protein patterns of Bantus and whites were confirmed.
Untersuchungen über die Fibrinolyse bei Äquivalenten des Sanarelli-Sliwartzman-Phänomens in der Geburtshilfe
Authors: Steichele D. F , Herschlein H. J
Published: June 2018

Bei 3 Patientinnen mit Sanarelli-Shwartzman-Phänomen infolge fieberhaften Abortes konnten mit immunochemischen Methoden vermehrt Fibrinogenderivate im Serum nachgewiesen werden. Die Unterbrechung der intravasalen Gerinnung mit Heparin führt zu einem Anstieg des Fibrinogens und zum Abfall der im Serum vorhandenen Fibrinogenderivate. Dies bedeutet, daß als Folge der Verbrauchskoagulopathie mit Fibrinablagerungen beim Sanarelli-Shwartzman-Phänomen eine Aktivierung des fibrinolytischen Fermentsystems stattfindet. Da im Gesamtblut keine Fibrinolyse vorliegt, wird auf lokale fibrinoly tische Vorgänge geschlossen.
Some Inhibitors of the Fibrinogen-Fibrin Conversion
Authors: Elias T. P , Iyer G. Y. N
Published: June 2018

1. The inhibitory effect of a number of substances on the fibrinogen-thrombin reaction has been studied. The effect is best observed at pH 7.4 using calcium free dilute thrombin. Ca++ reduces the effect; Mg++ is less effective than Ca++. The optimum concentration of Ca++ is 0.5 to 1 mM.

2. Preincubation with fibrinogen increases the effect of EDTA, sulphite and thioglycollate on the thrombin time. These compounds also appear to alter fibrinogen and thereby retard the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin monomer.

3. Preincubation of thrombin with these substances does not result in loss of TAME esterolytic activity or in prolongation of thrombin time of fibrinogen.

4. Inhibitors of the fibrinogen-thrombin reaction retard the polymerisation of fibrin monomer to fibrin and also the attendant increase in opacity.

5. The inhibitors of the fibrinogen-thrombin reaction studied appear to exert their effect mostly at the stage of polymerisation of the fibrin monomer. Calcium ions largely reverse the inhibition of this step.
Contact Activation in the Extrinsic Blood Clotting System
Authors: Altman R , Hemker H. C
Published: June 2018

After contact activation, factor XII can convert factor VII into its active form. Factor XI enhances this action but appears not to be a compulsatory part of the system. The short circuit of the intrinsic system constituted by this pathway may be important in triggering the intrinsic coagulation system.
An Electron Microscopic Study of Platelet Thrombus Formation in the Rabbit with Particular Regard to 5-Hydroxytryptamine Release
Authors: Baumgartner H. R , Tranzer J. P , Studer A
Published: June 2018

Electron microscopic and histologic examination of rabbit ear vein segments 4 and 30 min after slight endothelial damage have yielded the following findings :

1. Platelets do not adhere to damaged endothelial cells.

2. If the vessel wall is denuded of the whole endothelial cell, platelets adhere to the intimai basement lamina as do endothelial cells.

3. The distance between adherent platelets as well as endothelial cells and intimai basement lamina measures 10 to 20 mµ, whereas the distance between aggregated platelets is 30 to 60 mµ.

4. 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is released from platelets during viscous metamorphosis at least in part as 5-HT organelles.

It should be noted that the presence of collagen fibers is not necessary for platelet thrombus formation in vivo.
The Distribution of Warfarin (Coumadin) in the Rat
Authors: Anderson G. F
Published: June 2018

It has been demonstrated that Coumadin, warfarin sodium, following intravenous administration in male albino rats was distributed quickly throughout the plasma and that the liver tissue has an affinity for the uptake of Coumadin as early as 1 hr. Other soft tissue organs demonstrated some early uptake but the activity was minimal by 24 hrs while the liver still possessed about two times the activity of other tissues studied.
Effect of Reserpine and Some Adrenolytics on the Anticoagulant Activity of Pelentan ( Ethylbiscoumacetate)
Authors: Hrdina P , Kovalčík V
Published: June 2018

The interaction of varions drugs affecting adrenergenic system with the hypoprothrombinémie activity of coumarine derivative pelentan was studied in rats.

Short-term pretreatment with reserpine almost completely inhibited the hypoprothrombinémie effect of pelentan given either orally or intravenously. The longterm pretreatment with reserpine caused, on the other hand, a marked increase of the anticoagulant activity of pelentan.

Guanethidine, bretylium and a-methyldopa significantly increased the pelentan activity and such a tendency have shown some a-adrenergenic blocking drugs.

Pharmacologically induced decrease in sympathetic transmitter function creats thus a situation which favours the anticoagulant activity of pelentan.

Injection of noradrenaline was able to abolish the inhibitory or potentiating effect of short-term or long-term reserpine pretreatment on the hypoprothrombinémie activity of pelentan.