bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pelesapan Unsur Kalimat Bahasa Jepang dalam Materi Chuujoukyuu Dokkai
Authors: Hamidah Aam , Rahmalia Shabrina , Najmudin Onin
Published: November 2022

Membaca adalah aktivitas yang sering dilakukan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari baik sengaja atau tidak sengaja, seperti membaca sebuah berita, pengumuman, sebuah petunjuk dan lain lain. Menurut Tarigan membaca adalah sebagai suatu proses yang dilakukan serta dipergunakan oleh pembaca untuk memperoleh pesan yang hendak disampaikan oleh penulis melalui media kata kata /bahasa tulisan. Dalam memahami suatu kalimat atau suatu bacaan, khususnya kalimat bahasa jepang, banyak faktor-faktor yang yang harus dipahami yaitu kemampuan memahami kosakata, kanji,  pembentukan kata, sintaksis dan lain-lain. Dalam tataran bidang linguistik, sintaksis adalah ilmu yang membahas tentang Unsur-unsur kalimat, secara umum dalam pembentukan kalimat yaitu terdiri dari Subjek, Predikat, Objek, kata keterangan. Sutedi mengemukakan bahwa unsur kalimat dalam bahasa Jepang Secara garis besar terdiri dari; (1) subjek (主語) (2) Predikat (述語) 3. Objek (対象語) (4) keterangan（状況語）5. Modifikator （修飾語）5. konjugasi（接続後 (Dasar-Dasar Linguistik Bahasa Jepang: 73). Dalam suatu bacaan adakalanya unsur-unsur kalimat tersebut hilang atau ada pelesapan (ellipsis), dalam bahasa jepang pelesapan ini disebut shouryakugo（省略語）。Dalam KBBI pelesapan adalah penghilangan unsur (subjek, predikat, objek, keterangan pada sebuah struktur secara sengaja untuk mengefektifkan kalimat, sebab unsur itu sama dengan yang ada pada struktur yang lainnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah Untuk mengetahui Kalimat –kalimat bahasa Jepang yang mengandung unsur pelesapan/elipsis dalam buku materi pelajaraan kemahiran membaca tingkat memengah (中上級　読解).  Metode penelitian ini adalah metode kwalitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa jumlah kalimat yang mengalami pelesapan adalah 41 unsur kalimat dengan penjelasan sebagai berikut; 1). Pelesapan bagian kalimat yang menyatakan nomina topik 15 buah. 2). Pelesapan bagian kalimat yang menanyatakan klausa ada 26 buah. 3). Pelesapan bagian kalimat  yang menyatakan nomina subjek ada satu buah. 4). Pelesapan unsur kalimat yang menunjukkan predikat verba ada satu buah.
Gorod and grad in the Russian poetry of the 18th century
Authors: Patroeva Natalia V.
Published: November 2022

Urban motifs in Russian poetry have not yet become the subject of comprehensive investigation in terms of the evolution of poetic conceptualization of the world, the frequency, semantics and syntagmatics of the key lexemes — 'gorod' and 'grad'. Meanwhile, the analy­sis of the poetic, ethnic and linguistic picture of the world, closely connected with diachronic lexicology, phraseology and grammar, allows important conclusions concerning the history of the national semiosphere and conceptosphere based on the analysis of the works of outstanding representatives of culture and literature of a nation. In the article, the author analyzes the usage, frequency, valency potential, and the system of poetic senses of the lexemes 'gorod' and 'grad' using the poems of reformers of the Russian language and litera­ture of the 18th century — Kantemir, Trediakovsky, Lomonosov, Sumarokov, and, in com­pa­rative terms, against a wider temporal perspective, the preceding and subsequent texts of Rus­sian poetry. The lexeme 'grad' was often used in Classicist and Romantic poetry. From the 1830s onwards, it was used less frequently in its full version 'gorod'. The poets employed the lexemes 'grad' and 'gorod' to form tropes and figures of speech, striving to expand the tradi­tio­nal syntagmatics, especially in epithets. Lyrical texts retained sacred meanings and biblical allusions (sacred city, temple, heavenly garden, holy ‘vertograd’) in the development of urbanistic and battle themes.
Cities, mountains, roads... (the image of a city in formulaic paronymic collocations)
Authors: Severskaya Olga I.
Published: November 2022

The article analyses the collocations of the lexeme 'gorod (city)' with its paronyms — words that are pronounced or written in a similar way, not necessarily connected etymo­lo­gi­cally. These collocations, which appear in paronymic attraction and repeated many times, are called formulaic. The research presented in the article confirms the assumption that the stable pa­ronymic collocations do not unite random words but a type of mythologemes — 'gorod’, ‘go­ra’ and ‘doroga’. They reflect the concepts of two types of cities: concentric, eleva­ted on the mountain, and eccentric, located in the boundaries, encouraging to overcome them. The article explores the use of formulaic collocations ‘gorod — gora’, ‘gorod — doroga; ‘gorod — doroga — gora’ during the 20th and early 21st centuries. The research is based on the mate­rial of the poetic subcorpus of the National Corpus of the Russian language and the Card In­dex of the Dictionary of Russian Poetry of the 20th century. The study employs a variety of me­thods — corpus, semantic, syntactic and textual analyses.
Digital Identity Guidelines:
Authors: Temoshok David , Fenton James , Choong Yee-Yin , Lefkovitz Naomi , Regenscheid Andrew , Richer Justin
Published: November 2022

These guidelines provide technical requirements for federal agencies implementing digital identity services and are not intended to constrain the development or use of standards outside of this purpose. These guidelines focus on the authentication of subjects interacting with government information systems over networks, establishing that a given claimant is a subscriber who has been previously authenticated. The result of the authentication process may be used locally by the system performing the authentication or may be asserted elsewhere in a federated identity system. This document defines technical requirements for each of the three authenticator assurance levels. This publication will supersede NIST Special Publication (SP) 800-63B
Türkiye’de Tüketicilerin Organik Tarım Ürünleri Tercihini Etkileyen Faktörler
Authors: AYDIN Başak , DOĞU Murat , AŞKIN KILINÇ Ayten , DEMİR Sunay , TARIM Bülent , AKTÜRK Duygu , PEZİKOĞLU Filiz , BURUCU Volkan , ASLAN Mustafa
Published: November 2022

This study was conducted with consumers consuming and not consuming organic products in six regions in Turkey classified in terms of development levels according to socio-economic development index values. The aims of the study were to compare the socio-economic aspects of consumers and to reveal the factors affecting the organic product purchasing behaviors of consumers. In the research, a survey was conducted with a total of 1494 consumers in 32 provinces, who consumed and did not consume organic products. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the factors affecting consumers' tendency to consume organic products. It was determined that consumers who consumed organic products were slightly younger than consumers who did not, and their monthly food expenditures were higher. It was determined that the education level of consumers who consumed organic products was higher. In addition, it was determined that the non-working and retired occupational groups were more dominant in the consumer group that did not consume organic products. According to the results, it was determined that the gender of the consumers, the education period, the presence of children in their households, the person doing the food shopping in the household, the monthly food expenditures and the organic product consumption of the region they lived in affected the organic product consumption status positively.
Sudan’da stokastik yaklaşımlar kullanılarak iklimsel değişkenlerin modellenmesi
Authors: CEMEK Bilal , ABDALLAH Mawadda
Published: November 2022

The climatic variables take a significant role in agricultural process and irrigation management because we need to know all changes related to the climate which absolutely will be affected agricultural yield. For this purpose, the ARIMA models were suggested in this study for modeling daily average temperature, relative humidity, and solar radiation variables related to five main meteorological stations (Wad Madani, Khartoum, Al Gadaref, Al Damazin, and Dongola) in Sudan. The daily variables were obtained from the period 2013-to 2020 years. Time series analysis methods are used for estimating and modeling the climatic variables using ARIMA (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Models) which are called Box Jenkins models. For modeling purposes, linear stochastic models were used to estimate future values of daily variables. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller test (ADF) was applied to the time series to check the stationarity at 1%, 5%, and 10% confidence levels. The time series of variables were stationarity and without trend. Diagnostic checks were used for checking models and selecting the best models from the autocorrelation (ACF) and partial autocorrelation (PACF) function graphs. The best models were selected according to the adjusted R2, Standard error (S.E), Akaike information criterion (AIC), and Bayesian information criterion (BIC) values. The best results were observed in ARIMA (1,0,1) and (1,0,2) which can be effective for predicting future values. The ARIMA models obtained satisfactory results for temperature, relative humidity, and solar radiation variables. So, this study might be extremely helpful for agricultural engineers to achieve all the processes related to agricultural practices.
The Role of the Financial Regulator of Thailand in Ensuring the Information Security of the Financial and Banking Sector
Authors: Gorian Ella
Published: November 2022

The object of the study is the relations arising during the functioning of the national legal mechanism for ensuring cybersecurity. The subject of the study is presented by regulatory legal acts and sources of "soft law" of Thailand, which establish requirements for information systems of the financial and banking sector. Using the example of the second economy in Southeast Asia - Thailand, the role of the financial regulator of the state – the Bank of Thailand (Bank of Thailand, BOT) in ensuring cybersecurity of the financial and banking sectors is described. The features of the legal status of the Bank of Thailand, determining the coordinating role in the institutional mechanism for ensuring cybersecurity, are highlighted. The key documents of the financial regulator that form the regulatory mechanism for ensuring cybersecurity in Thailand are examined. The powers of the financial regulator of Thailand are distributed among three bodies. The Bank of Thailand controls commercial banks, financial companies, credit institutions, asset management companies, electronic payment services and credit card companies. The Securities and Exchange Commission oversees securities transactions, while the Insurance Commission oversees the activities of insurance companies. Ensuring information security is entrusted to the Bank of Thailand, which is authorized to create a risk management system for financial institutions in order to ensure their stability. To this end, it adopts regulations that establish security standards for three types of information systems: general, serving electronic payments and serving electronic payment cards. Noteworthy is the requirement for information system operators, when concluding a service agreement, to determine the rights of internal and external auditors, as well as an official of the Bank of Thailand to verify transactions and control the service provider. The financial regulator determines the status of service providers of particularly important payment systems, charging them with the obligation to develop security measures for information systems, depending on the types and complexity of their own services.
On the Issue of the Peculiarities of the Formation and Modernization of the State Environmental Policy of the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China
Authors: Ditsevich Yaroslava Borisovna , Yurkovskii Aleksei Vladimirovich
Published: November 2022

The article discusses aspects of solving environmental protection problems, outlines issues characterizing the interaction of the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China. An assessment is given on the adoption of legislation for both States under consideration, as well as joint coordinated measures aimed at reducing and eliminating negative trends associated with environmental degradation in Russia and China. The features of the influence of state environmental policies of the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China on environmental issues are described. The analysis of the state of legality in the field of enforcement of environmental legislation, the effectiveness of legal means used in the implementation of prosecutorial supervision in this area is carried out. Empirical, statistical and scientific information is provided on how the prosecutor's offices of the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China participate in the formation of methods and tools of national environmental policies that are of a state nature and carry out their activities mainly in legal forms using complex mechanisms of legal regulation. The proposed article compares the concepts of sustainable development in force in Russia and the People's Republic of China, based on generally recognized environmental standards by the international community, which have been ratified in the legislation of the countries under consideration, analyzes the problems and areas of improvement of Russian and Chinese environmental legislation.
Pluralism in the Cognitive Sciences: Theoretical, Methodological or Explanatory?
Authors: Sushchin Mikhail Aleksandrovich
Published: November 2022

The article considers the opposition of the doctrines of pluralism and monism and their related principles of proliferation and unification in the context of the development of modern cognitive sciences in three important respects for philosophy of science: theoretical, methodological, and explanatory. The article criticizes T. Kuhn’s views of theoretical monism and extends the defense of theoretical pluralism undertaken in author’s previous publications devoted to the conception of theoretical complexes, aimed at the correct description of large groups of theories in the cognitive sciences, such as connectionism, moderate embodied cognition, etc. Pluralism is also defended in methodological dimension. Theoretical pluralism and methodological pluralism are represented as an inevitable consequence of the conception of theoretical complexes and its principle of proliferation calling for the creation/improvement of scientific theories and models which are both compatible and incompatible with respect to a number of basic ontological and methodological assumptions. Theoretical pluralism and methodological pluralism should promote progress with respect to a number of the so-called epistemic qualities, both associated with the approximation of the truth (e.g. predictive success, the ability to give unexpected explanations to known facts, etc.) and not so associated (empirical fit, simplicity according to some interpretations, and the broad scope of the proposed explanations). At the same time the author claims that it is currently not possible to draw a similar conclusion in relation to the explanatory context: if the strategy of explanatory monism or explanatory pluralism will turn out be the preferred strategy for the cognitive sciences should become clear in the course of further research.
Complementary evolution of coding and noncoding sequence underlies mammalian hairlessness
Authors: Kowalczyk Amanda , Chikina Maria , Clark Nathan
Published: November 2022

Body hair is a defining mammalian characteristic, but several mammals, such as whales, naked mole-rats, and humans, have notably less hair. To find the genetic basis of reduced hair quantity, we used our evolutionary-rates-based method, RERconverge, to identify coding and noncoding sequences that evolve at significantly different rates in so-called hairless mammals compared to hairy mammals. Using RERconverge, we performed a genome-wide scan over 62 mammal species using 19,149 genes and 343,598 conserved noncoding regions. In addition to detecting known and potential novel hair-related genes, we also discovered hundreds of putative hair-related regulatory elements. Computational investigation revealed that genes and their associated noncoding regions show different evolutionary patterns and influence different aspects of hair growth and development. Many genes under accelerated evolution are associated with the structure of the hair shaft itself, while evolutionary rate shifts in noncoding regions also included the dermal papilla and matrix regions of the hair follicle that contribute to hair growth and cycling. Genes that were top ranked for coding sequence acceleration included known hair and skin genes KRT2, KRT35, PKP1, and PTPRM that surprisingly showed no signals of evolutionary rate shifts in nearby noncoding regions. Conversely, accelerated noncoding regions are most strongly enriched near regulatory hair-related genes and microRNAs, such as mir205, ELF3, and FOXC1, that themselves do not show rate shifts in their protein-coding sequences. Such dichotomy highlights the interplay between the evolution of protein sequence and regulatory sequence to contribute to the emergence of a convergent phenotype.
Whole-brain comparison of rodent and human brains using spatial transcriptomics
Authors: Beauchamp Antoine , Yee Yohan , Darwin Ben C , Raznahan Armin , Mars Rogier B , Lerch Jason P
Published: November 2022

The ever-increasing use of mouse models in preclinical neuroscience research calls for an improvement in the methods used to translate findings between mouse and human brains. Previously, we showed that the brains of primates can be compared in a direct quantitative manner using a common reference space built from white matter tractography data (Mars et al., 2018b). Here, we extend the common space approach to evaluate the similarity of mouse and human brain regions using openly accessible brain-wide transcriptomic data sets. We show that mouse-human homologous genes capture broad patterns of neuroanatomical organization, but the resolution of cross-species correspondences can be improved using a novel supervised machine learning approach. Using this method, we demonstrate that sensorimotor subdivisions of the neocortex exhibit greater similarity between species, compared with supramodal subdivisions, and mouse isocortical regions separate into sensorimotor and supramodal clusters based on their similarity to human cortical regions. We also find that mouse and human striatal regions are strongly conserved, with the mouse caudoputamen exhibiting an equal degree of similarity to both the human caudate and putamen.
Teachers’ Identity Tensions and Related Coping Strategies: Interaction With the Career Stages and Socio-Political Context
Authors: Lau Josephine , Vähäsantanen Katja , Collin Kaija
Published: November 2022

When external requirements conflict with teachers’ personal beliefs and values, the resulting internal struggles can lead to identity tensions. Contributing to discussion on teachers’ identity development in a challenging context, this study investigated teacher identity tensions and related coping strategies in Hong Kong. We conducted 21 semi-structured interviews with qualified teachers and then performed a deductive thematic analysis of the data. We categorised the identity tensions as positioned on the micro or macro level, and distinguished the coping strategies as emotion-focused or problem-focused behaviours. The identity tensions and related coping strategies seemed to be associated with teachers’ career stages. We further found identity tensions to be related to the school’s sociocultural environment and to the specific political and societal forces in the region. The study demonstrated the need for continuous and differentiated support catering for teachers’ needs, and highlighted the specific social-political influences on professional identity development.
The seeker R package: simplified fetching and processing of transcriptome data
Authors: Schoenbachler Joshua L. , Hughey Jacob J.
Published: November 2022

Transcriptome data have become invaluable for interrogating biological systems. Preparing a transcriptome dataset for analysis, particularly an RNA-seq dataset, entails multiple steps and software programs, each with its own command-line interface (CLI). Although these CLIs are powerful, they often require shell scripting for automation and parallelization, which can have a high learning curve, especially when the details of the CLIs vary from one tool to another. However, many individuals working with transcriptome data are already familiar with R due to the plethora and popularity of R-based tools for analyzing biological data. Thus, we developed an R package called seeker for simplified fetching and processing of RNA-seq and microarray data. Seeker is a wrapper around various existing tools, and provides a standard interface, simple parallelization, and detailed logging. Seeker’s primary output—sample metadata and gene expression values based on Entrez or Ensembl Gene IDs—can be directly plugged into a differential expression analysis. To maximize reproducibility, seeker is available as a standalone R package and in a Docker image that includes all dependencies, both of which are accessible at https://seeker.hugheylab.org.
Changing Clinical Profile of Dengue Fever Epidemic in North KeralaA Retrospective Study
Authors: Sarin SM , Anirudhan Jennet , Beevi B Kadeeja , Pramod VK
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Dengue fever is one of the most common vectorborne infections worldwide and is now endemic in Kerala. Knowledge about changing clinical presentation of dengue fever is important for timely diagnosis and appropriate management. Aim: To document changing trends in clinical presentation and course of illness among patients admitted with dengue fever in Kerala, India. Materials and Methods: This hospital-based, retrospective, observational study was conducted at Government Medical College and Hospital, Kannur, Kerala, India, from September 2021 to June 2022. The patients with dengue fever, presented in seasonal epidemic of the year 2019 was compared to similar patients presented during the year 2014. Data regarding clinical presentation, duration of hospital stay, complications and haematological parameters of the study population was collected using prevalidated questionnaire. Descriptive data were expressed in frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation. Continuous and discrete variables were compared by Welch’s t-test, whereas categorical variables were compared using Pearson’s Chi-square test. Results: Out of the total 184 patients studied, 91 were from 2014 and 93 from 2019. The major presenting complaints were fever, body aches, headache, nausea and vomiting, arthralgia, and retroorbital pain incidence of which were similar in both the study years. Patients admitted in 2019 have shorter duration of fever (5.78 vs 6.79 days), earlier onset of severe thrombocytopaenia (6.62 vs 7.27 days) and delayed onset of complications (5.56 vs 3.6 days) compared to those admitted in 2014. They also had higher incidence of thrombocytopaenia (70.97% vs 54.94%) and complications (49.46% vs 14.29%) during the course of their illness. Conclusion: The study indicates towards a significant shift in clinical presentation of dengue fever in Kerala which may influence the admission and monitoring protocol of dengue fever patients in the years to come.
Comparison between Standard Technique versus Reverse Manoeuvre of Airtraq Insertion for Tracheal Intubation in Lean versus Obese Patients undergoing Surgery under General Anaesthesia: A Randomised Clinical Study
Authors: Dharmashi Latika Laxmichand , Patel Rajendra D
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Obese patients pose challenge to anaesthesiologist in terms of securing airway due to large tongue and anatomical variations, need a novel tracheal intubation technique to quickly secure airway in obese individuals. The airtraq laryngoscope with reverse technique of insertion is used to secure airway without classical sniffing position. Aim: To compare the two techniques of airtraq insertion, standard and reverse manoeuvre, in lean versus obese patients undergoing surgery under general anaesthesia. Materials and Methods: This randomised clinical study was conducted from July 2012 to January 2014 at Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharasthra, India in a total of 200 American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) I-III undergoing surgery under general anaesthesia. Both lean and obese patients were randomly allocated to each technique. After induction of anaesthesia intubation was performed by an expert anaesthesiologist with each technique (three attempts) were used to intubate trachea. If there was a failure, switch over technique was applied. All the groups were analysed for intubation time, number of attempts, ease of intubation Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), haemodynamics, and complications. Results: Both lean and obese groups were comparable in the airway and demographic characteristics. In lean patients there was no significant difference between intubation time with both standard and reverse manoeuvre. While in obese patients reverse manoeuvre (11.84±1.99 seconds) significantly reduced exposure time by 13 seconds as compared to standard technique (24.02±6.94 seconds), thereby reducing total duration of intubation (26.08±1.16 seconds) as compared to total duration of intubation with standard technique (39.62±8.95 seconds). Lean group were comparable in number of attempts with standard technique (47 1st /3 2nd attempt) and reverse manoeuvre (49 1st /1 2nd attempt). Obese group with reverse manoeuvre all were intubated with first attempt (50 1st) with standard technique (46 1st /1 2nd attempt) and there was switch over from standard to reverse technique in three patients. Both lean and obese groups were comparable in complications with both technique. Conclusion: Reverse manoeuvre proved beneficial in obese patients as it reduced intubation time as compared to standard technique, while lean patients showed no difference.
The Contribution of Individual Leadership Attributes towards Academic Performance, Arusha City Public Primary Schools, Tanzania: A Conceptual Analysis
Authors: Emanuel Noah , Kessy Hyasinta , Kyando Newton
Published: November 2022

Leadership attributes are a fundamental aspect of organizational success. It is argued here that children’s academic performance is linked to the individual leadership characteristics of school principals.  School principals promote and enhance positive attitudes toward school, increasing student engagement, and ultimately improving academic performance. This paper sought to examine the contribution of individual leadership attributes to children’s academic performance. Eleven individual leadership attributes: dependability, straight forwardness, fair-mindedness, inspirational, forward thinking, competence, honesty, creativity, supportiveness, intelligence and broad mindedness, are considered. This study adopted the Trait and Skills theories of leadership attributed to Thomas Carlyle and Mumford et al. A mixed methods research approach was employed.
Every Ride Matters: Women Commuters ' Experiences
Authors: Mojica Frank Joe , Ferrer Flornita N.
Published: November 2022

The issue of women's security in public transportation becomes even more critical because it requires public transport to meet their mobility needs. Women's safety is becoming a priority for the government authorities to take action. The current study investigated the personal security of woman commuters in public transport in the province of Palawan, Philippines. It utilized a fieldwork approach using interviews and participant observation among fifteen (15) woman commuters from three municipalities within a three-month period. The findings concluded that the travel setting of woman commuters, such as the type of public transport, frequency of travel, travel time, duration, and reasons for travel has influenced their experiences in their access to and waiting in terminal, fear, and experience of harassment, violence, and accident, that disturbs their security in public transport. It was recommended that authorities shall enact policies to enforce public safety and address women’s travel needs in order to bridge the mobility gap in gender inclusivity. Public transportation operators shall be required to have to advertise and enforce public safety measures.
The Contribution of VICOBA to the Improvement of Food Accessibility among Maasai Women Pastoralists in Chalinze District Council
Authors: Kotoroi Nai Lucas
Published: November 2022

The study was conducted to examine the contribution of Village Community Bank (VICOBA) to the improvement of food accessibility of Maasai Pastoralist Women in Chalinze District Council. The study employed a cross sectional research design and qualitative research approach in data collection. Simple random and purposive sampling techniques were used to select 60 respondents from Maasai pastoralist women and key-informants from whom relevant data were obtained through questionnaire, interview and Focused Group Discussions. The findings of this study revealed that VICOBA contributes greatly to the improvement of food accessibility as it has great impact on food storage, number of meals per day at household level and accessibility of food per year. Having observed that the contribution of VICOBA on socio-economic well being of Maasai pastoralist women in Chalinze District Council is real, now women can increase their income, they are assured of food accessibility and the improvement of social services. It is also concluded that despite the fact that socio-economic well-being of the Maasai pastoralist women in Chalinze District Council has been enhanced by VICOBA yet the contribution is meager as to completely emancipating them from poverty. The study thus, recommends for better education on pastoralist activities, credit and savings so that they can effectively and efficiently perform their activities.
Genetic Analysis for Phenological Characters in Desi x Desi Crosses of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under Timely and Late Sown Conditions
Authors: Ola Mahaveer Prasad , Jain S. K. , Nehra Mali Ram , Choudhary Rekha , Nehra Anju
Published: November 2022

Aims: To study of gene effects for phenological characters in chickpea crosses under different environmental conditions.

Study Design: Compact family block design (CFBD was followed.

Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted at research farm, Rajasthan Agricultural Research Institute, Durgapura (SKNAU, Jobner, Jaipur, Rajasathan) during rabi 2020-2022.

Methodology: The experimental material consisted of parents (P1, P2), F1’s, F2’s, and back crosses with both the parents (B1 and B2) of three chickpea crosses. The six basic generations viz., P1, P2, F1, F2, B1 and B2 of the three crosses viz., RSG-807 × RSG-895, RSG-895 × HC-5 and RSG-974 × Avrodhi were raised in compact family block design (CFBD) with three replications with two environments viz., timely sown (E1) condition and late sown (E2) conditions which were created by different date of sowing, first- November and first-December, 2021, respectively.

Results: Pooled analysis of variance (ANOVA) over environments and simple ANOVA for difference among generations within cross in each environment were observed significant in all three crosses for both the characters. Means values of all six generations were lower in late sown condition as compare to timely sown condition in all cases. Simple additive-dominance model was found inadequate for both of the characters studied in all the crosses under both the conditions. The result of the generation mean analysis showed that non-additive gene effects were more contributed for the inheritance of traits in most of the cases, then additive gene effects.

Conclusion: Among the all crosses, the  mean performance of  f1 generation of cross RSG-807 × RSG-895 was found low for days to 50 % flowering as well as maturity under both the conditions and durations of flowering and maturity were hastened under late sown conditions; therefore, early maturity varieties may be developed. However, due to presence of non-fixable gene effects selection for short durations for flowering and maturity will not effective in early segregating generations. In such situations, simple pedigree method of selection alone is ineffective. Instead, biparental mating followed by selection of desired recombinants from the segregating population is desirable. Since considerable amount of dominance effect was also present for most of the traits, selection of superior segregants has to be delayed to later generations until homozygosity is achieved.
Impact of Front Line Demonstration on Yield and Economics of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.) in Mamit District of Mizoram
Authors: Shukla Rohit , Hnamte Vanlalhruaia , Kumar Santosh
Published: November 2022

The goal of the current study was to determine the yield gap on the tomato crop using FLDS. During the Rabi seasons 2019–20 and 2020–21, the Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Mamit District, held frontline demonstrations in various parts of the district. With the aim of advancing technology for increased tomato production potential, 30 farmers were chosen to participate in front-line demonstrations of tomato production on 15 hectares. The use of the high-yielding tomato variety Arka Samrat, the application of fertiliser and manures based on a report from a soil test, integrated pest and disease management, etc. are some examples of the improved technology. Prior to and following the frontline demonstration, the respondents' basic information was gathered through personal interviews using a well-structured interview questions. Data on output was gathered from FLDs and local plots regarding the yield and economic performance of frontline demonstrations. Finally, the total yield, percentage increase in the yield, extension gap, technology gap, technology index, and cost of cultivation, as well as net returns and benefit cost ratio, were calculated. The demonstration's outcomes demonstrated that farmers may significantly boost tomato yield by switching to a better variety and implementing sound farming methods. The findings from the current study showed that the mean yield, which ranged from 434 to 452 q/ha, was 443 q/ha. The yield increased by 15.89 percentage points over the farmer's usual practise. The extension gap and technology gap, with a technology index of 80.66% over the demonstration years, ranged from 55.0 to 66.0 and 348 to 366 q/ha, respectively. In addition, compared to the farmer's practise, the displayed plots provided a higher gross return, net return, and benefit-cost ratio.
Variability and Character Association Studies in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum. L)
Authors: Vikram T. Harish , Haritha T. , Satyanarayana H. N. , Swapna M. , Jayalakshmi V.
Published: November 2022

Present study was conducted with an objective of knowing degree of variability and association studies among 64 chickpea genotypes including both desi and kabuli for 13 quantitative and six quality traits during Rabi 2021-22. High PCV and GCV estimates were observed for total number of seeds per plant followed by number of pods per plant, biological yield, tannic acid, 100 seed weight and seed yield. Low estimates were found for phenological traits like days to first flowering, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity and quality parameters like protein content, phytic acid. High heritability and high genetic advance as per cent mean was shown by total number of seeds per plant, plant height, number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant and harvest index indicating the influence of additive gene action. Character association studies revealed that number of secondary branches per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, total number of seeds per plant and 100 seed weight showed positive significant correlation with seed yield. Some of the quality parameters like total free amino acid, phytic acid, total flavonoids were also associated positively with seed yield. Path coefficient analysis revealed that days to first flowering, plant height, number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant and number of pods per plant showed positive correlation due to their positive direct effect on seed yield. Hence knowledge about these biometrical techniques help in designing the selection procedure for effective exploitation of variability and the association of traits with yield for chickpea improvement.
Antifungal Activity of Verticillin D Isolated from Clonostachys rosea EC28 against Alternaria burnsii and Sclerotium rolfsii
Authors: Dominique Sagou , Alex Pakora Gilles , Dodehe Yeo , Elisha Amari Ler-N'Gon Dade George
Published: November 2022

Alternaria leaf spot and white crown rot caused respectively by Alternaria sp and Sclerotium rolfsii are responsible for significant economic losses in tomato cultivation in Côte d'Ivoire. Chemical control of these diseases has its limits due to the harmful effects of synthetic fungicides on the environment and the health of farmers and populations. As a result, biological control through the use of biocontrol agents represents one of the alternative solutions. Clonostaschys rosea EC 28, a biocontrol agent is an endophyte fungus isolated from Ceiba pentandra, whose objective of this study was to show the antifungal properties of verticillin D produced by this fungus against A. burnsii and S. rolfsii. C. rosea EC 28 was cultured on rice medium and extracted with ethyl acetate. Open silica gel column chromatography of this crude extract led to the purification of two secondary metabolites that were identified by mass spectrometry and NMR as verticillin D and ergosterol. The activity in vitro antigerminative of A. burnsii spores and against growth mycelial growth of S. rolfsii of these molecules have been determined. Verticillin D inhibited A. burnsii spore germination and growth mycelial growth of S. rolfsii with respective MICs of 0.25 mg / mL and 5mg/ mL. Ergosterol n / A present none activity antifungal. These results provide a database for the use of Clonostachys rosea EC 28 as a potential biocontrol agent for two major tomato diseases in Ivory Coast.
Brain Tumor Image Analysis Using FCM with Enhanced BFA Algorithm
Authors: Soumya M.
Published: November 2022

In this particular piece of research, we will be integrating the clustering technique with the segmentation algorithm. The fuzzy c means algorithm was utilized for the clustering, while the bacterial foraging algorithm was employed for the segmentation. An algorithm for optimizing bacterial foraging that takes into account the dynamics of infections as shown in medical imaging. The objective function was optimized by the use of bacterial foraging. Cluster validation indexes were applied in order to get the numerical results and best solution discovered by BF-FCM. This was done so that the validation of the composite algorithm could be examined. The newly developed algorithm BF-FCM was able to segment the images of the brain tumor and locate the various components of the tumor. The findings of the trial indicate that the BF-FCM has superior performance.
Physician-Legislators in Federal and State Government in 2022
Authors: Varma Tanvee , Goldenberg Matthew
Published: November 2022

This study uses legislator data from a commercial data service firm database to characterize physicians serving in US federal and state legislatures in 2022 and to compare them with other legislators and with the US physician population.
Association Between Racial Wealth Inequities and Racial Disparities in Longevity Among US Adults and Role of Reparations Payments, 1992 to 2018
Authors: Himmelstein Kathryn E. W. , Lawrence Jourdyn A. , Jahn Jaquelyn L. , Ceasar Joniqua N. , Morse Michelle , Bassett Mary T. , Wispelwey Bram P. , Darity William A. , Venkataramani Atheendar S.
Published: November 2022

Importance

In the US, Black individuals die younger than White individuals and have less household wealth, a legacy of slavery, ongoing discrimination, and discriminatory public policies. The role of wealth inequality in mediating racial health inequities is unclear.

Objective

To assess the contribution of wealth inequities to the longevity gap that exists between Black and White individuals in the US and to model the potential effects of reparations payments on this gap.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study analyzed the association between wealth and survival among participants in the Health and Retirement Study, a nationally representative panel study of community-dwelling noninstitutionalized US adults 50 years or older that assessed data collected from April 1992 to July 2019. Participants included 7339 non-Hispanic Black (hereinafter Black) and 26 162 non-Hispanic White (hereinafter White) respondents. Data were analyzed from January 1 to September 17, 2022.

Exposures

Household wealth, the sum of all assets (including real estate, vehicles, and investments), minus the value of debts.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was all-cause mortality by the end of survey follow-up in 2018. Using parametric survival models, the associations among household wealth, race, and survival were evaluated, adjusting for age, sex, number of household members, and marital status. Additional models controlled for educational level and income. The survival effects of eliminating the current mean wealth gap with reparations payments ($828 055 per household) were simulated.

Results

Of the 33 501 individuals in the sample, a weighted 50.1% were women, and weighted mean (SD) age at study entry was 59.3 (11.1) years. Black participants’ median life expectancy was 77.5 (95% CI, 77.0-78.2) years, 4 years shorter than the median life expectancy for White participants (81.5 [95% CI, 81.2-81.8] years). Adjusting for demographic variables, Black participants had a hazard ratio for death of 1.26 (95% CI, 1.18-1.34) compared with White participants. After adjusting for differences in wealth, survival did not differ significantly by race (hazard ratio, 1.00 [95% CI, 0.92-1.08]). In simulations, reparations to close the mean racial wealth gap were associated with reductions in the longevity gap by 65.0% to 102.5%.

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings of this cohort study suggest that differences in wealth are associated with the longevity gap that exists between Black and White individuals in the US. Reparations payments to eliminate the racial wealth gap might substantially narrow racial inequities in mortality.
A Funeral for a Neurologist
Authors: Carmichael S. Thomas
Published: November 2022

This essay describes the author’s experience at a funeral for a neurologist.
A Provider‐Based Approach to Address Racial Disparities in Lupus Clinical Trial Participation
Authors: Wanty Nicole I. , Cooper Dexter L. , Simkus Andrew , Twombly Eric C. , McCalla Sheryl , Holtz S. Kristen D. , Langford Aisha T. , Cozart Thometta , Gorlitsky Barry , Moore Catherine , Culton Donna , Richardson Christopher T. , Wardrop Richard M. , Newcomb Jeff , Aranow Cynthia , Lim Sam , Anandarajah Allen , Sheikh Saira Z.
Published: November 2022

Objective

Substantial disparities exist in clinical trial participation, which is problematic in diseases such as lupus that disproportionately affect racial/ethnic minority populations. Our objective was to examine the effectiveness of an online educational course aiming to train medical providers to refer Black and Latino patients to lupus clinical trials (LCTs).

Methods

The American College of Rheumatology's Materials to Increase Minority Involvement in Clinical Trials (MIMICT) study used an online, randomized, 2‐group, pretest/posttest design with medical and nursing providers of multiple specialties. We exposed intervention group participants to an education course, while the control group participants received no intervention. Controlling for the effects of participant characteristics, including specialty, and professional experience with lupus, we modeled relationships among exposure to the education course and changes in knowledge, attitudes, self‐efficacy, and intentions to refer Black and Latino patients to LCTs. We also examined education course satisfaction.

Results

Compared to the control group, the intervention group had significantly higher posttest scores for knowledge, self‐efficacy, and intentions to refer Black and Latino patients to LCTs. Both medical and nursing trained intervention group participants had significantly higher mean posttest scores for knowledge and intentions to refer compared to the medical and nursing trained control group participants. Attitude was insignificant in analysis. The online education course, which received a favorable summary score, indicated that satisfaction and intentions to refer were strongly and positively correlated.

Conclusion

The MIMICT education course is an effective method to educate medical providers about LCTs and to improve their intentions to refer Black and Latino patients.
CDC: 1 in 8 deaths among 20‐64 year olds from alcohol use
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: November 2022

One in eight deaths of Americans ages 20 to 64 is due to excessive alcohol consumption, according to a new study by the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The study, “Estimated Deaths Attributable to Excessive Alcohol Use Among U.S. Adults Aged 20 to 64 Years, 2015 to 2019,” published in JAMA Network Open on Nov. 1, found that 12.9% of total deaths among adults ages 20 to 64, and 20.3% of deaths among those ages 20 to 49, are due to alcohol consumption.
SBI use for AUDs in middle‐income countries: Positive reports
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: November 2022

Little is known about the use of screening and brief intervention (SBI) for alcohol use disorders (AUDs) in low‐income countries. A new study of people in Brazil, China, and South Africa has found that at‐risk drinkers are receiving SBI services.
AATOD conference features harm reduction session
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: November 2022

The first in‐person conference since COVID‐19 of the American Association for the Treatment of Opioid Dependence (AATOD) held in Baltimore last week included sessions on harm reduction, including one that featured Chase Holleman as a speaker. Holleman is the new lead for harm reduction at the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). In recovery from opioid use disorder (OUD), Holleman is also a licensed clinical social worker and a licensed addiction specialist who helped found a harm reduction center in Greensboro, North Carolina with Louise Vincent of the Drug Users Union.
Recent Progress of Bismuth Effect on All‐Inorganic Lead‐Free Metal Halide Derivatives: Crystals Structure, Luminescence Properties, and Applications
Authors: Wei Yi , Wang Wei , Wang Zhennan , Yang Hang , You Xinyu , Zhao Yunna , Dang Peipei , Lian Hongzhou , Hao Jianhua , Li Guogang , Lin Jun
Published: November 2022

Bismuth (Bi3+)‐included lead‐free metal halide (LFMH) materials attract much attention in lighting, display, photodetectors, X‐ray detectors, and photovoltaic fields, due to the tunable luminescence and optoelectronic performance in response to crystal and electronic structure, morphology, and particle sizes. This review summarizes Bi3+‐included LFMH materials about their preparation approach, crystal and electronic structure properties, luminescence performance, and emerging applications. Notably, Bi3+ ions not only can act as framework cation to construct stable LFMH structure, but can also incorporate into LFMH materials as activators or sensitizers to generate remarkable luminescence tuning and band engineering. The Bi3+ effect on the luminescence and optoelectronic properties of LFMH materials, including, promotion of exciton localization, enhancement of light absorption in near‐ultraviolet region, action as sensitizer ions to transfer energy to rare earth or transition metal ions and emission of highly‐efficient light is systematically summarized. The proposed structure‐luminescence relationship offers guidance for the optimization of current Bi3+‐included LFMH materials and the exploitation of new LFMH derivatives.