bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISA ANGGARAN TENAGA KERJA LANGSUNG PADA PT. KAWANUA KAHURIPAN PANTERA (MAKIN GROUP) DESA LUNGKAP KECAMATAN PINOLOSIAN KABUPATEN BOLAANG MONGONDOW SELATAN
Authors: Talamati Mustari , Andi Hasan Jondeway
Published: November 2023

Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui penggunaan anggaran tenaga kerja langsung pada PT. Kawanua Kahirupan Pantera (Makin Group) Desa Lungkap Kecamatan Pinolosian Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow Selatan. Metode analisa yang digunakan yaitu analisa kuantitatif dengan menghitung Anggaran Tenaga Kerja Langsung Pada PT. Kawanua Kahuripan Pantera (Makin Group) Desa Lungkap Bolaang Mongondow Selatan. Hasil penelitian kebutuhan tenaga kerja langsung yang dianggarkan untuk tanaman sela cengkeh PT. Kawanua Kahuripan Pantera (makin group) Desa Lungkap Kecamatan Pinolosian Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow Selatan diketahui bahwa triwulan I biaya produk cengkeh 104.250.000, jam kerja per hari 7 Jam atau 0,7 Jam, tenaga kerja lain (lembur) yaitu 0, total jam tenaga kerja langsung (Triwulan yaitu 78 Jam), Biaya tenaga kerja per hari adalah senilai 935.577. Perhitungan jam yang dapat digunakan per tahun untuk tanaman sela cengkeh dan pemeliharaan tanaman kayu PT. kawanua Kahuripan Pantera (makin group) Desa Lungkap Kecamatan Pinolosian Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow Selatan diketahui bahwa jam aktif kerja selama satu tahun 2.184 dan jam libur selama satu tahun 336. Anggaran tenaga kerja langsung untuk tanaman sela cengkeh per orang adalah senilai Rp 16.500.000 sedangkan total biaya tenaga kerja langsung senilai Rp 49.500.000.
THE EFFECT OF META-COGNITIVE READING STRATEGY INSTRUCTION ON ENGLISH MAJORS' AND NON-ENGLISH MAJORS’ READING PROFICIENCY
Authors: Shuqin Nie , Kamarudin Diyana
Published: November 2023

The application of meta-cognitive theory into practice has attracted many researchers' attention with the penetration of Chinese English teaching reform. Extended research has revealed that meta-cognitive reading strategy instruction could enhance reading comprehension ability. To deal with the current situation of limited class hours for English majors and non-English-majors in X university and their relatively low reading scores, explicit meta-cognitive reading strategy instruction has been provided to improve their reading ability. Questionnaires, independent samples t-tests, correlation analyses, and pretest and post-test data have all been analyzed using SPSS. According to the statistical analyses, there are notable differences in the awareness of meta-cognitive reading strategies between the experimental and control groups of students majoring in English and non-majoring in English. The students in the experimental group have demonstrated a greater understanding of meta-cognitive reading strategies than their counterparts in the control group. The aforementioned analyses' findings demonstrate that students' reading abilities were increased, their awareness of meta-cognitive reading strategies was raised, and their actual strategy usage helped to raise reading ability. Explicit meta-cognitive reading strategy education was found to be an effective method for achieving these goals. Both language teachers and students should benefit from the study's theoretical and pedagogical ramifications.
Effect of Replacing Conventional Base Materials with Granular Volcanic Ash on Engineering Properties
Authors: Alhadama Saddam H. , Almaswari Abdullah A. , Algaboby Ziyad M.
Published: November 2023

Granular Volcanic Ash (GVA) is a material of volcanic activity; it has a rough surface, a low specific gravity, and a high porosity because of the structures of the minerals in it. The purpose of this study was to find a way to utilize this waste material, which is widely distributed across Yemen, by using GVA for the placement of conventional coarse aggregate (basalt aggregate) while constructing roads. In this study, Red and Black GVA materials were combined with conventional coarse aggregate for use in the construction of pavement. Base coarse materials were blended with GVA aggregate and examined for their engineering characteristics in an experimental study. Conventional coarse aggregate was partially replaced by five replacement levels from GVA, corresponding to 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% of the dry aggregate's total weight, were applied. As a control, a sample with no volcanic ash had been used. According to the results of experiment tests includes: density, California bearing ratio (CBR), abrasion percentage, and permeability test, it is possible to replace some of the basalt aggregates with GVA. Results showed that the engineering properties of base coarse materials specifications for CBR, and abrasion percentage were satisfied for volcanic ash percentages up to 20%.
Lost Icon Prototypes from the Times of Neagoe Basarab
Authors:   “George Oprescu” Art History Institute, Bucharest, NEGRĂU ELISABETA
Published: November 2023

The study analyzes a group of lesser-known icons from Wallachia, dating from the 15th century to the mid-17th century. They are Eleousa-Glykophilousa icons, sometimes mixing in a rarer iconographic detail, a phylactery with inscription held by the Infant Jesus. These icons do not descent from a single prototype, but from several related types, of Late Byzantine, Macedonian, and Cretan origins. They seemed to have entered Wallachia in two different stages. The first Eleousa icon known in Wallachia, originating in the former Metropolitan Cathedral at Curtea de Argeş and later moved to the monastery founded by Neagoe Basarab on the same spot, likely was a Late Byzantine icon from the 14th or 15th century. The Wallachian icons of the 16th century shared related iconographic characteristics. The epoch of Neagoe Basarab acted as a catalyst for the different iconographic variants of Palaiologan and post-Palaiologan tradition, both through the cult dedicated to the Mother of God that the voivode developed at the Curtea de Argeş Monastery, his emblematic aulic foundation, and through the great development and renewal of the artistic culture that he sustained in Wallachia and which was emulated later on.
Constantinople, Bucharest, Venice. Versified Greek “Histories” and Their Journeys (17th-18th Centuries)
Authors:   Institute for South-East European Studies, Bucharest, ȚIPĂU MIHAI
Published: November 2023

The subject of this study is the reception of three very successful products of the Greek Venetian printing houses from 17th to the second half of the 19th century. The bibliographical study of their editions offers to the researcher the occasion to find and locate even more new, unknown editions of these books. The three booklets in Greek verses are based on actual historical events taking place mainly in Wallachia and Constantinople. The paper endeavors to study the reasons these booklets were best sellers of the respective printing houses for such a long period of time, discussing also the limits between history and literature.
‘A Right Inherent in Sovereignty’. Romania, the European Commission of the Danube and the Sulina Sanitary Service (1878–1884)
Authors:   Institute for South-East European Studies, Bucharest, ARDELEANU CONSTANTIN
Published: November 2023

This paper analyses the dispute that emerged in 1878 between Romania and the European Commission of the Danube, a techno-political organisation composed of delegates from Europe’s Great Powers, over which side had the right to enforce sanitary policies at Sulina. On the one hand, since Sulina was part of the territory granted in 1878 to Romania, whose independence had been recognised by the Great Powers through the Berlin Treaty, the government in Bucharest claimed that it had the legal and moral rights to extend its public health policies to its newly acquired territories. As an independent state, part of the European community of civilised nations, Romania believed that it possessed all the necessary institutions, knowledge and expertise to fight epidemic diseases threatening its own citizens and those of Europe. On the other hand, since Sulina was the operational headquarters of the Commission, an organisation that enjoyed the status of operating ‘in complete independence’ of Romania’s territorial authority, the commissioners representing the Great Powers of Europe and their governments demanded full control over the sanitary administration of the region. The dispute lasted until 1884, after a functional compromise was reached in several stages.
Delimitation of the New Romanian-Bulgarian Land Border (1913-1914)
Authors:   Institute for South-East European Studies, Bucharest, CAIN DANIEL
Published: November 2023

In the summer of 1913, a new land border was established between Romania and Bulgaria. It would take more than three decades of negotiations between the members of the joint Romanian-Bulgarian commission responsible for the technical work to definitively establish the route of the Romanian-Bulgarian land border before a final protocol was signed.
Les Albanais et l’Albanie dans l’œuvre de Nicolae Iorga
Authors:   Institut d’Études Sud-Est Européennes, Bucarest, VĂTĂȘESCU CĂTĂLINA
Published: November 2023

Nicolae Iorga studied a multitude of aspects of Albanian culture and civilization. He was equally interested in history, the history of language and traditional culture. This broad and comparative scope builds a clear picture of Albanian history.
The Public Image of an 18th-Century Prince in statu nascendi. Nicolaos Mavrocordatos as Reflected in his Correspondence
Authors:   Independent scholar, Bucharest, CIUCĂ MIHAI
Published: November 2023

By contrast with former contributions which looked mainly at Nicholas Mavrocordatos’ work from a literary standpoint, the present article is focusing chiefly on his correspondence. The aim is to highlight some aspects of Romanian history and history writing and the portrait of the prince himself. Written in an impeccable kind of mainly ancient Greek and displaying erudition and awareness of contemporary facts the letters set up a picture of a seasoned ruler.
A Romanian Scholar in the Age of Enlightenment: Ianake Văcărescu
Authors:   University of Bucharest, MIHĂILĂ ILEANA
Published: November 2023

Ianake Văcărescu (1740–1797) stood out both for his diplomatic and political skills and as a scholar. A polyglot, he knew the languages of the Balkans (Slavonic, Turkish, Greek) as well as western languages (Italian, French, German), as he proved through his works. A poet in his spare time (in Romanian, but also in Greek), he wrote the first published grammar of the Romanian language (1787), which demonstrates his in-depth knowledge of European, particularly French literature. But his little-known masterpiece remains the History of the all-powerful Ottoman emperors [Istorie a prea puternicilor împărați otomani, in the original], written during his exile in Nicopolis and Rhodes (1788–1794), a synthesis of his experiences but also of his readings of Turkish, Western and Romanian authors, which remained in manuscript for 70 years and is still little and poorly known, not least because of the critical judgements expressed by many specialists.
Educational Values in the Vita Constantini Cantemyrii by Dimitrie Cantemir
Authors:   Academy of Sciences of Rep. Moldova, Institute of History, Chişinau, EȘANU ANDREI
Published: November 2023

The capitalization and editing of D. Cantemir’s scientific heritage began almost three centuries ago, the process though is far from over. While some of the works of the Moldavian prince have been substantially edited and studied, some others remain in the shadows without due attention. Such is the case of Vita Constantini Cantemyrii… of which yet another copy was discovered in the Archive of Old Documents in Moscow, which reproduces quite truthfully the realities of the XVIIth century under the form of a freely narrated story. Presenting his father as a brave, courageous man, determined, skillful, wise, and caring parent, Dimitrie Cantemir observed one of the commandments of the decalogue – “Honor your father and mother”. As he took refuge to Russia after 1711 he was able to introduce his work to the scientific community in that country and cause his works to be printed. Some did get printed during his lifetime while some others only had that chance after his death.
Russia’s Cordon Sanitaire in the Danube Delta and the Role of the Sulina Quarantine (1834–1856)
Authors:   Institute of History, Chişinău, EMILCIUC ANDREI
Published: November 2023

This paper analyses an important issue in Romanian and European historiography, that of the role played by the Sulina Quarantine in the growth of international rivalry at the Danube Mouth during the 1830s – early 1850s. My research, based in particular on unpublished archival sources from the Chancellery of the Governor of Bessarabia (The National Archive of the Republic of Moldova), aims to address this issue through the prism of the organisation and inclusion of the Sulina Quarantine in the cordon sanitaire of the Russian Empire at the Danube Mouths. This allows for some more insight on whether the establishment of the Sulina Quarantine was justified from a sanitary point of view and how high a priority it was for imperial Russia’s objectives at the Lower Danube.
Les infracteurs des lois quarantenaires (1831–1851)
Authors:   Institut d’Études Sud-Est Européennes, Bucarest, BLÎNDA VIRGINIA
Published: November 2023

"The quarantine system in Wallachia aimed for the health protection of people on the principality territory. Starting from 1831, a series of regulations contributed to the creation of a sanitary barrier against the frequent epidemic waves that were braking out especially in the European provinces of the Ottoman Empire. The constraints imposed by the Wallachian authorities (1831–1851) were trying to reduce the various attempts of people to fraudulently cross the southern and southeastern borders, these subjects being potential vectors for the transmission of dangerous diseases. Numerous manuscripts found in the archive of the funds of the Quarantine Committee, the Ministry of the Interior and the Ministry of War at the National Archives of Romania in Bucharest gave us the opportunity to analyze the proposed subject along three thematic sequences: official decisions, the state of health of the population and some case studies."
Comunidades
Authors: Ikeda Yuriko , Baumgardt Julia
Published: November 2023

This is a textbook for first-semester Spanish with a focus on the cultural products, practices and perspectives of Spanish-speaking communities in the world today. This text is designed to build students’ cultural and communicative proficiency at the novice level through interaction with authentic resources and real-life video conversations featuring native Spanish speakers living in the American Midwest. Each chapter includes interactive activities focused on each of the three modes of communication (interpretive, interpersonal and presentational), at least one Integrated Performance Assessment, exercises with automated feedback and prompts that promote cross-cultural comparisons through research and reflection.
Demographic Difference in Stress Coping and Student-Athletes in Colleges of Education in Ghana
Authors: Agortey Julius Jerry , Maundu John N. , Nyamu Florence K. , Muindi Daniel M.
Published: November 2023

The study aimed to investigate a demographic difference in stress coping among student-athletes in Colleges of Education in Ghana. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design, in which quantitative data was collected. The study was conducted in Ghana. Simple random sampling was used to select student-athletes. The target population for this study was 768 student-athletes in six (6) Ghana Colleges of Education. The total sample size for the study was 323 student-athletes. The instruments for data collection were questionnaire and document analyses. Both, descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 20). Descriptive statistics summarized, organized and described the responses when addressing study objectives through the use of means, standard deviations, frequencies, and percentages. Inferential statistics such as ANOVA and Point biserial were used to test the formulated null hypotheses. All hypotheses were tested at p<0.05 alpha level of significance. The study found that Demographic characteristics have a statistically significant relationship with stress management among student-athletes in colleges of education in Ghana.
A Deconstruction of Strategic Linguistic Elements Used to Invoke Gender and Power During Debate in Busia County Assembly, Kenya
Authors: Boswell Owuor , Beth Ngugi , Charles Kanyi
Published: November 2023

This study set out to establish manner in which linguistic elements are used to invoke gender and subsequently bargain for power during County Assembly debates. The objective of this study is to analyze the effects of linguistic elements employed to bargain for the dynamics of power and invoke gender during debate. The study employed the Critical Discourse Analysis theory (CDA). Current literature has been reviewed for the purpose of identifying areas that have been studied and the gaps existing with the intent of filling them up. The study involved collecting linguistic data from the assembly as recorded in the Hansard and audio recordings of assembly proceedings. The data has been analyzed according to the objective, been described and relationships -between speakers, choice of discourse and discourse function have been explained. The study targeted a population of 53 Members of the County Assembly from Busia. Linguistic techniques that refer to gender have been discussed and their effect on listeners and subsequent speakers analyzed. Conclusions have been drawn and recommendations made. On the whole, there is a harmonious and healthy linguistic relationship in the county assembly. However, more elected women would bolster their agenda and increase their participation towards the move to achieving gender parity in terms of representation.
Q Methodology
Authors: Walker Brandy , Branch Robert , Johnston Jennifer
Published: November 2023

Q Methodology is a unique approach to research tailored for discerning and quantifying subjective perspectives. Developed by Stephenson (1935) in response to perceived reductionism in the psychological and social sciences, it prioritizes the individual's unique perspective rather than generalized characteristics seen across large populations. Q methodology merges both quantitative and qualitative measures in data collection, with the Q sort, a forced-sort process, standing out prominently. Analyzing Q data requires a blend of statistical methods and qualitative exploration, enabling a nuanced understanding of the subject's viewpoint. Brown (1993) emphasizes this interplay, positioning the mathematical component as auxiliary. Finding its application spread across diverse fields like health sciences, psychology, journalism, education, and environmental policy, Q methodology features two main design paradigms: single-participant design and multiple-participant design. While single-participant design delves deeply into individual self-perspectives, multiple-participant design explores shared viewpoints among different groups. Q methodology’s unique lexicon features terms such as Concourse, Q set, and P set, which underscores its comprehensive approach to studying subjectivity.
Downhill All The Way
Authors: Erhan Doruk
Published: November 2023

On November 8th, the 3rd Criminal Chamber of Turkey's Court of Cassation, the nation's apex court for civil and criminal matters, defied the Constitutional Court (the TCC) and explicitly accused it of engaging in “judicial activism.” The judicial feud between the two high courts stemmed from the individual application of Can Atalay, an opposition MP from the Workers Party of Turkey (TİP), challenging his ongoing imprisonment despite obtaining parliamentary immunity in the May 2023 elections. Indeed, the 3rd Chamber's wholly ungrounded defiance is a failure of the constitutional order, illustrating how the Constitution no longer serves its core function of authoritatively channeling, restraining, and organizing state power. However, the Atalay controversy is neither unprecedented nor a true turning point in Turkey's ailing democracy—it is just another symptom of a deepening dysfunction.
Das Ende der Großzügigkeit
Authors: Meickmann Till Valentin
Published: November 2023

Das Zweite Nachtragshaushaltsgesetz 2021 ist mit dem Grundgesetz unvereinbar und nichtig. Das hat der Zweite Senat des Bundesverfassungsgerichts heute in einem wegweisenden Urteil festgestellt. Das Gericht hat das Nachtragshaushaltsgesetz 2021 überzeugend aus drei Gründen für nichtig erklärt. Erstens ist der Veranlassungszusammenhang zwischen der Neuverschuldung und daraus zu finanzierenden Maßnahmen nicht hinreichend dargelegt und begründet worden, zweitens stehen die Haushaltsgrundsätze der Jährlichkeit, Jährigkeit und Fälligkeit der faktisch unbeschränkten Übertragung von Kreditermächtigungen auf kommende Haushaltsjahre entgegen und drittens können Nachtragshaushalte nicht rückwirkend erlassen werden.
Alloferon improves the growth performance and developmental time of mealworms (Tenebrio molitor)
Authors: Shon Jimin , Shon David , Kim Woo Jin
Published: November 2023

Mealworms (Tenebrio molitor) are important food sources for reptiles, birds, and other organisms, as well as for humans. Due to their outstanding nutritional value, mealworms are in high demand as an alternative food source and are the subject of widespread curiosity. However, the slow growth and low survival rate of mealworms cause problems for mass production. Since alloferon, a synthetic peptide, showed long-term immunological effects on mealworms, we hypothesized that alloferon would function as a growth promoter to maximize mealworm production. We discovered that the overall weight of the alloferon-containing gelatin diet group was 39.5-90% heavier, and the development time of the experimental group was shortened up to 20.6-39.6% than the control group. In addition, 300 nM alloferon significantly boosted cell proliferation of Sf9 cells (insect cells) only after six days of the treatment. Also, we noticed that two proteins were induced in alloferon fed mealworm body tissue and found that one of the proteins was phenoloxidase 1, which may be responsible for increasing growth rate by regulating the production of melanin pigments. Overall, these findings have potential implications in mealworm insect farming because alloferon may foster a sustainable food supply industry.
The juxtaposition of anatomy and physics in the eye
Authors: Zhou Jayden , Kesler Drew
Published: November 2023

People are quick to accept the assumption that a light will appear dimmer the farther away they are, citing the inverse square relationship that illuminance obeys as rationale. As a result, there are no studies that actually intend to verify this argument, given that the reasoning appears quite solid. However, repeated observations of light sources maintaining their brightness over large distances prompted us to explore how the brightness, or perceived illuminance of a light varies with the viewing distance from the object. When examining the anatomy of the eye, we found that the image it produces also decreases according to the inverse square of the viewing distance. Thus, we hypothesized that since both the illuminance of the light source and image size decrease at the same rate, then the concentration, or intensity of the image remains unchanged, and subsequently the perceived illuminance. To test our hypothesis, a circular light source was placed in line with a biconvex lens and light sensor, and the illuminance of the resulting image was measured at distances between 2–17 meters. We found that the illuminance of the image of light remained constant for most of the distances. Furthermore, the illuminance of the image increased at first before approaching that stable maximum. From our results, we concluded that our hypothesis was correct, and the decreasing image size indeed neutralizes the decreasing illuminance of the source. Beyond challenging previously held beliefs, our findings also have some niche aesthetic and economic implications for light fixture manufacturers.
DNA repair protein mutations alter blood cancer sensitivity to cisplatin or gemcitabine in vitro
Authors: Sudjono Ashley Isabel , Teo Wanyi Nicole , Ang Bernice , Chung Fred
Published: November 2023

Chemotherapy is the most widely used cancer treatment, yet patient responses vary greatly. Thus, identification of cancer genomic biomarkers for heightened sensitivity to conventional chemotherapy is a promising strategy to improve patient outcomes. In our study, we used a publicly accessible database, OncoExpress, to investigate whether chemotherapeutic drugs cisplatin (CDDP: platinum-based DNA crosslinker) and gemcitabine (GEM: DNA-synthesis inhibitor) show enhanced or reduced activity against cancer cell lines originating from human blood cancers carrying different types of DNA-repair mutations. A total of 9 DNA-repair protein genes (BRCA1, PAXIP1, WRN1, PARP1, PARP2, NEIL1, MLH1, PMS2, MSH2) were analysed for their sensitivity to cisplatin and gemcitabine using the independent samples t-test and Glass’s delta. We hypothesized that mutations in genes involved in DNA repair could sensitize cancer cells to cytotoxic drugs that induce DNA damage. Our results showed that at a significance level of p<0.10, BRCA1 mutations led to significant sensitization to cisplatin (p=0.057) or gemcitabine (p=0.029). Additionally, WRN (p=0.099) or PARP2 (p=0.045) mutations led to sensitization to gemcitabine.
A new scale of mathematical problem complexity and its application to understanding fear of mathematics
Authors: Pandey Abhyuday , Pandey Mohan
Published: November 2023

Fear of mathematics appears to be a global phenomenon. However, it has primarily been studied in isolation despite mathematics being part of a school curriculum with multiple subjects. We reason that the relative difficulty of mathematics compared to other subjects could be a factor behind the fear of mathematics. We explored this line of reasoning by hypothesizing that middle and high school mathematics is more complex than English literature. To enable the testing of this hypothesis, we developed scoring methods for complexity. While the English complexity score was derived from the Flesch reading ease score, we introduced a new way of measuring the complexity of mathematical problems. Using these metrics on samples for English prose and mathematical problems for grades 5 through 11, we then established that mathematical complexity is relatively high. Analysis of intergrade changes in scores showed significant changes in mathematical complexity between grades 5 and 6, and grades 6 and 7. We recommend that mathematics curricula be spread over a more extended period or that the time spent on mathematics in school be increased to address this potential factor behind the fear of mathematics.
The Cornerstone of Class Theory Today: Marx’s Class Theory and Its Modern Applicability
Authors:   Yixin Publisher, Jin Naying
Published: November 2023

马克思的阶级理论以历史唯物主史唯物主义为基础，强调经济和社会关系在塑造社系在塑造社系在塑造社会结构中的至关重要作用。它对社会学产生了深远影响，为了解社会不平等和社会变革提供了见解。这一理论在阶级和分层分析中仍然是一分析中仍然是一个基石，基石，为后续研究提供了持久的究提供了持久的究提供了持久的研究途径。
El papel de los Parlamentos nacionales en la Unión Europea
Authors: De la Fuente Cabero Inmaculada
Published: November 2023

Sumario: I. LA FUNCIÓN ACTUAL DE LOS PARLAMENTOS NACIONALES EN LA ARQUITECTURA EUROPEA.—1.1. Planteamiento.—1.2. Participación en la función constituyente europea.—1.3. Participación en los procedimientos legislativos europeos.—1.4. Participación en la función de control del Gobierno en sus actuaciones europeas en el Consejo.—1.5. Participación en la función de control del presupuesto general de la Unión Europea.—II. EL DÉFICIT EUROPEO RESPECTO DE LOS PARLAMENTOS NACIONALES.—2.1. Presentación del problema.—2.2. Medidas adoptadas para atajar el déficit democrático desde cada uno de los Estados miembros individualmente.—2.2.1. Planteamiento.—2.2.2. Soluciones adoptadas en Italia.—2.2.3. Soluciones adoptadas en España.—III. LAS SOLUCIONES ADOPTADAS DESDE EL SENO DE LA UNIÓN EUROPEA PARA DOTAR DE LEGITIMIDAD DEMOCRÁTICA A LA UNIÓN. EN ESPECIAL EL PAPEL DE LOS PARLAMENTOS NACIONALES EN LA UNIÓN.—3.1. La búsqueda de soluciones al problema.—3.2. La Conferencia de Órganos Especializados en Asuntos Comunitarios (COSAC).—3.2.1. Origen y evolución de la COSAC.—3.2.2. Funcionamiento de la COSAC.—3.3. El Protocolo anejo al Tratado de Amsterdam sobre el papel de los Parlamentos nacionales en la Unión Europea.—3.4. El Protocolo sobre la función de los Parlamentos nacionales en la Unión Europea anejo al Tratado por el que se instituye una Constitución para Europa.—3.4.1. Planteamiento.—3.4.2. Contenido general del Protocolo.—3.4.3. El deber de remisión de información a los Parlamentos nacionales de los Estados miembros.—3.4.4. La cooperación interparlamentaria.—3.5. El Protocolo sobre la aplicación de los principios de subsidiariedad y proporcionalidad.—IV. OTRAS POSIBLES SOLUCIONES QUE SE HAN APUNTADO POR LA DOCTRINA PARA LOGRAR UNA MAYOR PARTICIPACIÓN DE LOS PARLAMENTOS NACIONALES EN LA ARQUITECTURA EUROPEA.—4.1. Planteamiento...
The Status of CIF Contracts between the Sale of Goods and the Sale of Documents
Authors: EmirCelik M.
Published: November 2023

The intricate nature of international trade is encapsulated in the complexities of CIF (Cost, Insurance, and Freight) contracts, which stand at the intersection of the sale of goods and the sale of documents. This paper seeks to dissect the pivotal roles played by documents and goods within CIF contracts and to ascertain whether these contracts are more accurately defined as sales of documents rather than sales of goods. By examining legal cases and dissecting the contractual obligations of parties involved in CIF contracts, this study aims to shed light on the essence of these contracts in the context of international law and trade practices. The research is divided into four main parts. Initially, it analyzes the duties of parties and the role of CIF documents in the sale of goods. The second part delves into the implications of documents and goods concerning the transfer of risk and property, probing into the critical claim of documents. The third part scrutinizes the buyer's right to refuse the documents or the goods, and which aspect takes precedence. The fourth part evaluates the claim that CIF contracts made en route are essentially 'sales of documents'. This study culminates by presenting arguments on the nature of CIF contracts, weighing the significance of documents against the goods themselves. Despite the increasing tendency to use documents to represent physical goods in trade, this paper concludes that CIF contracts inherently constitute contracts for the sale of goods. It highlights the distinctive rights related to the rejection of either documents or goods, thereby reinforcing the primacy of the actual goods over their documentary representations in CIF contracts.
Service Quality Delivery and Customers Patronage of Eateries
Authors:   Department of Marketing, Akwa Ibom State University, Etuk Aniebiet , Anyadighibe Joseph A. ,   Department of Marketing, University of Calabar, Ezekiel Maurice S. ,   Department of Marketing, University of Calabar, Adima Arobor F. ,   Department of Marketing, University of Calabar
Published: November 2023

The study examined service quality delivery and customers’ patronage of eateries. Its specific purpose was to explore the effects of restaurant service quality attributes such as convenience, customization, staff competence, service innovation and quality of ingredients on customers’ patronage of eatery firms. Cross-sectional survey research design was used for the study. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain primary data from 357 customers of eatery firms and data obtained for the study were tested using multiple linear regression. The findings of the study revealed that service convenience, customization, staff competence, service innovation and quality of ingredients had significant positive effects on customer patronage of eatery firms. The study recommended that managers of eatery firms should provide convenient by maintaining multiple ordering/payment options for remarkable dining experiences to customers; customization should be prioritized in eateries by ensuring that customers have access to diverse menu options that they can personalize to their tastes; managers of eateries should ensure that front-desk customer service personnel are knowledgeable about their products; and managers of eateries should consistently incorporate customer-friendly innovative technologies to enable customers enjoy improved service. Eateries should use improved quality of ingredients that is organic to safeguard customers’ health.
Sokaklardan Olimpiyatlara Olimpiyatlardan Sokaklara: Spor ve Hip-Hop Kültürü Arasındaki İlişki
Authors: Tuna Utku , Üçüncüoğlu Mertkan
Published: November 2023

Günümüz toplumunda önemli bir yeri bulunan spor, tarih boyunca yaşanan gelişmelerden etkilenerek birçok dönüşüme uğramıştır. Bu dönüşümlerin sonucu olarak büyük bir endüstri haline gelen sporun içerisinde her geçen gün yeni branşların ortaya çıktığı görülmektedir. Bu branşlardan bazıları daha önce spor olarak kabul edilmeyen etkinliklerden meydana gelmektedir. Bu çalışma, ortaya çıktıkları dönemde sportif bir faaliyet olarak görülmeyen etkinliklerin nasıl ve neden birer spor haline dönüştüğünü ve bununla birlikte spor ve hip-hop kültürü arasındaki ilişkiyi ele almaktadır. Hip-hop kültürünün unsurları arasında yer alan break dans, kaykay gibi yakın geçmişte olimpik spor olma niteliği kazanan aktiviteler sportifleştirme kavramının bir sonucu olarak görülmektedir. Sporun kültürel bir olgu olmasının yanı sıra bir endüstri haline dönüşmesi, onun geleceğinde etkili olan kararların sektörel sürdürülebilirlik odaklı alındığını ortaya koymaktadır. Özellikle ekonomik büyüme odaklı alınan kararlar neticesinde spor birçok teknolojik ya da kültürel gelişmeden direkt olarak etkilenmektedir. Bu çalışmada sporun daha geniş kitlelere ulaşmak için hip-hop kültürü ile dolaylı ya da doğrudan olarak girdiği ilişki ortaya konmuştur.
Enjeksiyon Korkusunun Covid-19 Aşı Tereddüdüne Etkisi
Authors: Karaşin Yusuf , Yalman Fuat , Karagöz Yalçın
Published: November 2023

Salgın hastalıkların elemine edilmesindeki aşıların öneminin olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu durum covid-19 için de geçerlidir. Bu duruma rağmen aşıya yönelik olarak tutumun olumsuz yönde değiştiği, bu durumun da aşı tereddüdünü arttırdığı görülmektedir. Bu durumu etkileyen çeşitli faktörlerin varlığı olduğu, bu faktörlerden birisinin de enjeksiyon korkusu olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu durumdan hareketle bu çalışma tasarlanmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, enjeksiyon korkusunun covid-19 aşı tereddüdüne olan etkisini ortaya çıkarmaktır. Bu çalışma toplumsal temelli kesitsel araştırma tasarımı kullanılarak oluşturulmuştur. Çalışmanın evrenini Düzce ilinde yaşayan ve 18 yaş üzeri olan tüm bireyler oluşturmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamına örneklem olarak ise 429 kişi alınmıştır. Örneklem kapsamına alınan kişilere yüz yüze anket tekniği ile ulaşılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında uygulanan anket, katılımcının demografik bilgilerinin yer aldığı birinci bölüm ve çalışmaya ait ölçeklerin yer aldığı ikinci bölüm olmak üzere iki bölümden oluşmaktadır. Verilerin analiz edilmesinde IBM SPSS ve AMOS paket programları kullanılmıştır. Yapılan analiz sonucunda enjeksiyon korkusunun aşı tereddüdü üzerine etkisinin önemli düzeyde olduğuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın diğer çalışmalara örnek teşkil etmesi beklenmektedir. Salgın hastalıklar ile baş edebilmek için aşı tereddüdünü minimum seviyeye indirilmesi gerektiği önerilmektedir.
Conflicted advice about portfolio diversification
Authors: Shen Sally , Turner John A.
Published: November 2023

We investigate the validity of the argument by the financial services industry to “roll over your ‘old’ 401(k) plan” because 401(k)-type plans have a limited number of investment options, while Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs) have a virtually unlimited number of options. We empirically analyze the diversification of a large 401(k)-type plan with only five basic investment options. Financial advisers with a conflict of interest may use strategic complexity to encourage rollovers, recommending complex portfolios to impress naïve clients who have a weak understanding of the concept of diversification, while not weighing the cost of the complex portfolios against any added benefits of diversification.
Who uses robo-advisory services, and who does not?
Authors: Fulk Martha , Grable John E. , Watkins Kimberly , Kruger Michelle
Published: November 2023

The purpose of this study was to compare the demographic, attitudinal, and behavioral character- istics of U.S. consumers in their current and expected use of robo-advisory services, traditional financial planning services, or a combination of the two services. Findings showed a difference between those who used robo-advisory services and those who used traditional financial planning services. Overall, those who used a traditional financial planner were older and reported higher levels of net worth, while users of robo-advisors, on average, reported lower levels of net worth. In addition, those who used traditional financial planning services reported a larger percentage of their total net worth from an inheritance, whereas a lower percentage of net worth from an inheritance was reported by robo-advisor users. Results showed that users of robo-advisory services generally (1) had lower income, (2) had lower net worth, (3) had received no or less inheritance, and (4) were less impulsive financially.
Financial capability
Authors: Scott Janine K. , Vu Nghia Nguyen , Cheng Yuanshan , Gibson Philip
Published: November 2023

We inspect the influence of individual financial knowledge and financial behavior on the proba- bility of experiencing financial distress. Using the 2015 National Financial Capability Study, we examine three measures of financial distress related to bill payment, retirement saving, and being late with a mortgage payment. Financial literacy and financial behavior indices are constructed using questions from the survey that pertain to financial knowledge (ranging in complexity) and financial decision-making. In addition to the influence of socioeconomic factors, the conclusion suggests that financial literacy and positive behavior reduces financial distress stemming from simple financial matters. However, the opposite is observed for more complex financial decisions.
Tribalité et religion en Afrique et dans la Bible. Approche interculturelle
Authors:   Université Catholique du Congo, BATUAFE NGOLE François
Published: November 2023

Résumé La tribalité en Afrique s’ouvre à la religion par la vénération des ancêtres, intermédiaires entre leurs descendants et Dieu, principe de l’Énergie Vitale. La tribalité est également l’un des repères fondamentaux de la religion biblique. La lecture interculturelle de la Bible en Afrique soutient l’approche inclusive des tribus et la construction des identités tribales ouvertes, dans la perspective de l’histoire du salut fondée sur l’unité des tribus humaines en Jésus-Christ.
Pourquoi les peuples d’Afrique noire connaissent Dieu sans lui rendre un culte ? Les enjeux du culte africain
Authors:   UCAO-UUA, Abidjan, Kokou AKOTIA Benjamin
Published: November 2023

Résumé A l’opposé du judaïsme, du christianisme et de l’islam, le culte des peuples d’Afrique est un renoncement au culte à la divinité céleste en faveur des idoles sous la forme d’ancêtres ou de génies. Pourquoi les uns évitent-ils Dieu, et pourquoi les autres évitent-ils les idoles ? En répondant à cette question, on peut savoir pourquoi rendre culte et à qui rendre culte. On dirait que c’est parce que les hommes habitent un territoire qu’ils rendent un culte. C’est ce que cette étude veut montrer.
The ‘Kauri’ - Ego Kiri Kiri: Pre-colonial Cash and its Religious Usages Among the Igbo of Southeastern Nigeria
Authors:   National University of Lesotho & University of Benin, Edo State, Nigeria, Chris MANUS & Chiedo UKAGA Ukachukwu & Jude
Published: November 2023

Abstract The Kauri, Ego Kiri Kiri, the pre-colonial cash in Igboland of Nigeria and its usages in the religious, ritual and votive offerings in shrines, temples and in sanctuaries so widespread in the then Igboland is the focus of this article. Many had used their cash to placate the “gods of the ancestors”who they believed had prospered their “hands”. Ego Kiri Kiri became, no doubt, the essential commodity to implore the Eze Mmuos (Chief priests/esses) to plead the divinities to solicit their continued blessings. Our study adopts “the methodology of oral tradition” to reconstruct the historical trajectories of the Kauri and its pluriform usages in the religious houses across Igboland. The article concludes that the religious usages of the Kauri reveal Igboman’s conscious awareness of the nexus between spirituality and economic pursuits.
Omega-3 fatty acids: promising plant sources and effects on the human body
Authors:   Omsk State Medical University, Kuberskaya A.P. , Podgurskaya V.V. ,   Omsk State Medical University
Published: November 2023

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential for humans and their presence in the diet is essential. Eicosapentaenoic and docosahexanoic acids attract special attention. Omega-3 PUFAs are responsible for the formation of three types of enzymes in the body, the formation of some cell membranes, and also have a number of important pharmacological properties: anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticoagulation effect, help to reduce the viscosity of the membrane of cardiomyocytes, etc. Some researchers cite the mechanism of action of Omega-3 PUFAs: inhibition of anti-inflammatory and activation of anti-inflammatory eicosanoids synthesis, reduction of platelet aggregation factor, tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 production, normalization of lipid metabolism. Currently, Omega-3 PUFAs are used as a prophylactic in cardiovascular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, thrombosis and other pathologies. At the same time, the use of Omega-3 PUFAs may produce side effects such as increased risk of bleeding, headaches, nausea and vomiting, and dyspeptic disorders. The potential use of these compounds in other nosologies is still being studied, and interest in them is not waning. In this regard, sources of Omega-3 PUFAs are being studied and compared. Animal sources are the most common, but plant sources are also being considered as alternatives. Researchers are interested in the differences between plant and animal Omega-3 PUFAs, as well as in the possibilities of using plant sources as a source of polyunsaturated fatty acids. In this regard, new producing plants are being sought. The traditional source of Omega-3 PUFAs is flaxseed oil, which contains the highest amount of α-linolenic acid. However, sources containing eicosapentaenoic, eicosadienoic and docosahexanoic acids are also of interest. Such sources can be plants of the genus astragalus (Astragalus glycyphyllus L.), Astragalus albicaulis DS), nigella (Nigella arvensis L. ), nigella damascena L.), mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czerniak)), hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)), moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.)) due to their complex composition. In addition to fatty acids, the seed oil of these plants also has a large amount of tocopherols, which is important for the further development of medicines containing Omega-3 PUFAs.
A Meta-Analysis on the Comparison Between Pediatric Inguinal Herniotomies Performed With and Without Incising the External Oblique Aponeurosis in Terms of Recurrence and Complications
Authors: Tan Samuel Victor Celi , Catangui Antonio , Isabedra Nino
Published: November 2023

Rationale: There is a diversity of methods in performing pediatric inguinal herniotomy, but no consensus on which is the gold standard. The two most common are the Ferguson technique and the Mitchell Banks technique. The objective of this meta-analysis was to compare the two techniques in terms of hernia recurrence and post-operative complications: namely hematoma, hydrocele, testicular ascent, and testicular atrophy. Methods: Three randomized controlled trials and one multi-center retrospective study were included in this meta-analysis. Using the Cochrane Collaboration tool and Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale, all studies included were deemed to be of good quality and have low risk of bias. Revman 5.3 was used for all statistical analyses. Results: There was no significant difference in terms of hernia recurrence between the two techniques (OR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.31- 2.36). For post-operative complications, hematoma (OR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.37-1.13), testicular ascent (OR = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.05- 1.50), and testicular atrophy (OR = 2.02, 95% CI = 0.54-7.52) did not differ between the two techniques. Only the incidence of postoperative hydrocele significantly differed between the two techniques, being higher when the external oblique aponeurosis was opened (OR = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.27-0.70). Conclusion: Performing pediatric inguinal herniotomy without opening the external oblique aponeurosis is a safe procedure and may be recommended as an optimal choice of method for uncomplicated cases. Key words: Pediatric herniotomy, Mitchell-Banks, Ferguson, external oblique aponeurosis
Management of Wilms’ Tumor in a Horseshoe Kidney at the Time of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Report
Authors: Avellano Patrick , Abellera Jose Modesto , Alegarbes Russel , Isabedra Nino
Published: November 2023

Wilms’ tumor is one of the most frequent tumors in childhood. The incidence of Wilms’ tumor in a horseshoe kidney is estimated at 0.4 to 0.9%. It is highly treatable but a fast-growing tumor. Management of cancer patients has become a dilemma for surgeons, due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health care sector globally. Reported here is a rare case of a 2-year-old boy, diagnosed with Wilms’ tumor in a horseshoe kidney. This report aimed to highlight the multimodality treatment of Wilms’ tumor and the modifications to cancer diagnostic and treatment protocols to adapt to the current health care crisis brought about by the pandemic. Key words: COVID-19 pandemic, Wilms’ tumor, horseshoe kidney
Post-tonsillectomy Dysgeusia: A Case Report
Authors: Maliwat Lawrence , Ricalde Rosario
Published: November 2023

The authors report a case of post-tonsillectomy dysgeusia and discuss the pathogenesis, diagnostics, as well as treatment options done in several reported cases. A 37-year-old man who was diagnosed with recurrent tonsillitis underwent bilateral palatine tonsillectomy, and on the second post-operative day, post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage ensued which required emergency hemostasis at the operating room. Intra-operative findings include active bleeding on the left tongue base, wherein hemostasis was achieved via electrodissection. After the procedure, patient noted a disturbance to taste that persisted for several months. Dysgeusia is an unusual complication of tonsillectomy, occurring in 0.3% to 9% of cases. Key words: Tonsillectomy, complications, taste disorders, dysgeusia, lingual branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve