bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Políticas públicas no enfrentamento das questões sociais da população juvenil
Authors: Gomes Dalvina Maria , Sousa Nádia Maria Goes de , Araujo Glauce Barros Santos Sousa
Published: February 2023

A cada ano que passa aumenta o número de jovens que se encontram em situações de vulnerabilidade social, acredita-se que esses sujeitos são vítimas de um sistema controlador e formador de desigualdades sociais. O presente estudo tem como objetivo abordar sobre as contribuições que as políticas públicas exercem no enfrentamento das questões sociais da população juvenil. A pesquisa tem caráter bibliográfico, exploratório e qualitativo. Os jovens se encontram em condições de vulnerabilidade social, devido a vários fatores, contextos e situações. Desse modo, é de suma importância que as políticas públicas possam atender a população juvenil nos mais diversos segmentos, promovendo espaços de construção de mudanças e transformações positivas, no sentido de amparar e dar condições para os mesmos se inserirem na sociedade de forma justa e digna e com melhor qualidade de vida. Salienta-se também que o trabalho do assistente social é voltado para os que vivem na pobreza e em condições de vulnerabilidade, bem como os excluídos do processo de produção, sendo uma voz ativa em prol da garantia dos direitos das pessoas, inclusive a população juvenil.
Educação Financeira: Estudo bibliométrico da produção científica nacional na plataforma SPELL
Authors: Fontenele Maria Luisa De Moura Campos , Bernardes Juliana Reis
Published: February 2023

A educação, bem como alfabetização financeira, são partes integrantes e fundamentais da construção da cidadania, bem como de sua formação. O objetivo geral da pesquisa é examinar o perfil das pesquisas publicadas na plataforma eletrônica da Scientific Periodicals Electronic Library (SPELL) nos últimos 5 anos a respeito de educação financeira. Os objetivos específicos do presente artigo foram: investigar a evolução desses artigos; identificar se existe uma evolução com base cronológica; apreender os temas centrais mais presentes nas pesquisas analisadas, e por fim, verificar se com o advento da pandemia de Covid-19, houve mudanças no que cerne aos perfis de pesquisa. A presente pesquisa teve caráter exploratório, tratando-se quanto ao método, de um estudo bibliográfico, baseado em uma análise das publicações relacionadas a educação financeira no Scientific Periodicals Electronic Library (SPELL). A seleção do Portfólio Bibliográfico, foi definido com o critério de busca definido na palavra-chave “Educação Financeira”. Observou-se que, ao visualizar os perfis dessas publicações científicas dentro da plataforma SPELL, com base em métodos bibliométricos, os elementos que compõem essas publicações, é possível identificar características específicas e comuns entre as publicações. Como resultados, foi observado uma maior incidência de artigos publicados no ano de 2018, sendo 30,33% do total de artigos pesquisados. Existem artigos com mais de um autor, sendo que 42,42% dos artigos verificados possuíam 2 autores. Foi concluído que as revistas com maior índice de recorrência de publicação dos artigos investigados foram a RAU e Ver. Eletrônica de Gestão e Serviço apresentam 9,09% cada uma.
Subjetivações surdas: Discursos sobre a (in)existência da Libras no espaço escolar
Authors: Silva Franciele Fernandes da , Medeiros Daniela , Schwengber Maria Simone Vione
Published: February 2023

Esse artigo problematiza a educação de surdos e a aquisição da linguagem como um processo de constituição de sujeitos da vida relacional e como indutora das condições de: aprendizagens, desenvolvimento cognitivo e das interações. Como corpus de análise escolhemos um vídeo bilíngue sobre a surdez e a Libras, publicado em 2020, no Youtube e no Instagram para destacar os enfrentamentos de uma criança surda no processo de escolarização e o pedido de comunicação digna. Diante disso, por meio da análise discursiva, o objetivo deste artigo é elucidar quais são os discursos desse vídeo sobre a surdez. Que discursos dele emergem? Destacamos, a partir do movimento de análise: quem é o sujeito do discurso e as posições que este ocupa; o apelo que a menina refere sobre as crianças surdas nas escolas comuns junto as ouvintes, indicando o desejo pela prática de inclusão escolar de um modo distinto daquele que vem sendo vivenciado por ela no momento atual; as discussões sobre o problema central, o (não) acesso à comunicação, já que são necessárias intervenções diversas (comunicação com os pares, com os professores, tradução simultânea, apoio de intérprete, entre outros), que nem sempre tornam acessíveis os conteúdos escolares; e, a reivindicação de uma cultura de comunicação entre surdos e ouvintes em uma tentativa de modificar suas experiências escolares.
Uso do aplicativo SpeeCH como tecnologia assistiva para uma criança com transtorno do espectro autista (TEA): um estudo de caso
Authors: Costa Matheus Santos , Costa Vasti Ferreira Gonçalves , Vieira Junior Niltom
Published: February 2023

A tecnologia assistiva (TA) tem se mostrado uma importante ferramenta nos processos de ensino e aprendizagem em sujeitos com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA). Uma vez introduzidas no contexto da educação especial, essas ferramentas podem subsidiar uma autonomia e melhor assimilação dos conteúdos abordados nos diversos contextos de ensino. Assim, o presente artigo aborda um relato de caso, no qual um sujeito em idade pré-escolar diagnosticado com TEA fez utilização do aplicativo SpeeCH como TA no auxílio do desenvolvimento da sua fala e posterior comunicação oral. Para isso, a criança foi apresentada a pranchas de imagens (animais e alfabeto) que o aplicativo possui, por duas semanas. Enquanto a criança fazia utilização do aplicativo, foram feitas observações e anotações das interações que a criança tinha com a TA. Os resultados demonstraram que, à medida que a criança era apresentada ao aplicativo, sua autonomia quanto à      usabilidade do mesmo aumentava. Diante do exposto, o presente trabalho concluiu que o aplicativo SpeeCH possui potencial para ser utilizado como TA no auxílio do desenvolvimento da fala e oralidade em sujeitos diagnosticados com TEA.
Diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis using Alvarado Score, Ultrasound Abdomen, and C-Reactive Protein in Different Combinations: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Meena Laxmi Narayan , Rajan Vivek , Mangalhara Naresh Kumar , Mehta Deeksha
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Appendicitis is the most commonly encountered surgical emergency worldwide. Numerous diagnostic methods, including clinical scoring systems, radiological modalities, and laboratory markers have been suggested over time to diagnose appendicitis correctly, but a Negative Appendectomy Rate (NAR) of 20-30% is still maintained. Aim: To determine the effect of using all three modalities together i.e., a clinical modality {The Alvarado Score}, a radiological modality {Ultrasound (US)}, and a laboratory parameter {C-Reactive Protein (CRP)} in diagnosing acute appendicitis. Materials and Methods: This was a hospital-based, prospective observational study, carried out in the Department of General Surgery, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, from March 2019 to June 2020. The three diagnostic modalities were arbitrarily categorised into different combinations: Combination 1: Alvarado score ≥5 with C-Reactive Protein (CRP) ≥0.8; Combination 2: Alvarado score ≥5 with US grade 4 with CRP ≥0.8; Combination 3: Alvarado score ≥5 with US grade 4 with CRP ≥4); and the individual modalities i.e., the alvarado score and the US abdomen were also categorised into four categories each. Each of the individual modalities along with their different combinations were tested for their sensitivities, specificities, Positive and Negative Predictive Values (PPV, NPV) etc. Chi-square and t-test, sensitivity test and Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (ROC) and, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used. Results: Total 200 cases were analysed in this study with mean age 32.33±15.78 years. Alvarado score had a sensitivity and specificity of 95.83% and 75%, respectively. US had a sensitivity and specificity of 71.35% and 75%, respectively while CRP had the highest sensitivity with 98.96%, but very low specificity (37.5%). The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of the combination 1 were found to be 98.96, 37.50, 97.44, 60.00, and of combination 2 was found to be 70.83, 87.50, 99.27,11.11 and for combination 3 was 56.77, 100, 100, 8.79, respectively. Combination 2 also had the highest Area Under Curve (AUC) in Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. (Combination 1- 0.661; combination 2- 0.742; combination 3- 0.727). Conclusion: The Combination 2 of three modalities proved to be the best diagnostic tool in the present study. It can pave the way, for a better diagnostic scoring system and future studies in this field.
Phylogenetic Relationship of Some Species of Genus Junonia Butterfly Using RAPD
Authors: Singh Pallavi V.
Published: February 2023

The present investigation was carried out to find out similarities and diversities between four species of the genus Junonia belonging to Nymphalidae, the largest family of butterflies. The genomic DNA eluded from the species, J. lemonias, J. alamana, J. hierta and J. orithiya were screened by nine universal primers OPA-1, OPA-2, OPA-3, OPA-4, OPA-5, OPP-9, OPP-18, OPN-17, OPN-16 through RAPD - PCR. Primer OPN-17 did not produce any bands, whereas, the discrete banding pattern was observed in the remaining 8 primers. Primer OPP-18 distinctly highlights only species-specific bands ranging below 200 base pairs. Primer OPA-2 that produced significant banding patterns was taken into consideration for further analysis. The dendrogram was constructed by using binary data interpreted from the RAPD gel image. Two clades were obtained, where in one clade taxa J. hierta and J. lemonias cluster as sister taxa, and in the other clade taxa J. alamana and J. orithiya cluster as sister taxa. The investigation was supported by the Jaccard similarity and distance indices matrix and Principal component analysis. The interpretation from obtained dendrogram and distance matrix reveals that there is closeness within two species in their genetic makeup, whereas some genetic characters are expressed as species-specific. Henceforth, these patterns produced by respective primers can be considered as diagnostic bands and may contribute to molecular markers for Junonia species identification. Thus, in related evolutionary studies whenever be under investigation these markers will play a pivotal role in concluding the direction of evolution.
Underutilized Nutrient Rich Millets: Challenges and Solutions for India's Food and Nutritional Security: A Review
Authors: Tiwari Himanshu , Naresh R. K. , Bhatt Rajan , . Aditya , Kumar Yogesh , . Manisha , Das Dhritiman , Kataria S. K.
Published: February 2023

The productivity of the rice and wheat farming system is now fast approaching stability, in spite of the fact that the green revolution assisted India in becoming self-sufficient. To introduce traditional grains that are both nutrient-dense and environmentally sustainable, agricultural diversification is necessary. Security in food and nourishment for everyone must be ensured. However, getting there is really difficult. Data readily available indicates that hunger levels are rising globally. Small millets are adaptable, less labor-intensive, resilient, nutritious, and sustainable crops that can help to some part mitigate the issues facing modern agriculture. Small millets are far less commonly consumed than major cereals. Small millets have been marginalized and neglected as a result of overdependence on a few numbers of plant species, namely, rice, wheat, maize, and potatoes. Energy, complex carbs, minerals, and phytochemicals are abundant in little millets. These can be used, according to studies, to effectively combat malnutrition, including both undernutrition and overnutrition. Millets are small-seeded grasses, appear to meet this description. These are eco-friendly and contain a macronutrient, and micronutrient content that is well-balanced. Millets can aid in the prevention of a variety of non-communicable diseases and have nutraceutical benefits. Millets are more palatable after soaking, roasting, germination, and fermentation processes, which also reduce anti-nutrients, enhance the physiochemical accessibility. of micronutrients, and increase their bioavailability. Value-added goods can increase millet demand and farmer revenue by being prepared and made widely available to the consumer. It’s essential to create as well as spread millet-based food goods that offer low-income individuals’ affordability, convenience, flavor, texture, and shelf stability. As a result, these superfoods have the potential to achieve nutritional and food security.
Risk Factors Associated with Leptospirosis in Si Sa Ket Province, Thailand
Authors: Toemjai Thawatchai
Published: February 2023

Objectives: This study aimed to describe the environmental and occupational risk factors associated with human leptospirosis in Si Sa Ket.

Methods: Secondary data during the 2017-2021 from the 506-surveillance report of leptospirosis to the Sisaket Provincial Public Health Office and the National Disease Surveillance System at Bureau of Epidemiology, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand. We conducted a matched case-control study in Si Sa Ket from January 2021 to December 2021. 64 cases and 128 controls were included in this study. Risk factors were identified by multivariate logistic regression.

Results: The incidence of leptospirosis during the 2017-2021 period was 28.75 per 100,000 population. Seasonal variation was observed, with the highest incidence during the rainy season from August to October. Adults aged 45-54 years had the highest incidence rate. There 73.2% of the cases worked in the agricultural sector. The outcome showed the risk factors of leptospirosis associated with working in the water area without wearing boots (adjOR=2.97, 95%CI=1.38-6.40), wounded (adjOR=3.94, 95%CI=1.26-12.30) and stay long times (adjOR=2.31, 95%CI=1.02-5.24).

Conclusions: To reduce the leptospirosis burden and enhanced surveillance is required to understand the epidemiology and the risk factors of leptospirosis.
Effect of Bio-fertilizers on Growth, Yield and Quality Traits of Onion (Allium cepa L.)
Authors: Singh Vijay Vikram , Mauriya Sandeep K. , Pal Sumit , Ram R. B. , Yadav Shiv Poojan
Published: February 2023

The present experiment was conducted in the sandy loam soils during Rabi season in 2015-16 at Horticulture Research Farm-II of the Department of Applied Plant Science (Horticulture), Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University Lucknow (UP), India to study the Effect of Bio-fertilizers on Growth, Yield and Quality Traits of Onion (Allium Cepa L.). The experiment was laid in Randomized block design with three replications. The treatments consists of T1 (control), T2 (Azotobacter 50% +  Azospirillum 50%), T3 (Azotobacter 50% + PSB 50%), T4 (Azospirillum 50% + PSB 50%), T5 (Azospirillum 50% + VAM 50%), T6 (NPK 100%, T7 (NPK 50%), T8 (Azotobacter 50% + NPK 50%), T9 (VAM 50% + PSB 50%), T10 (VAM 50% + NPK 50%), T11 (Azotobacter 50% + VAM 50%) and T12 (Azospirillum 100%). The execution of treatment T6 recorded significantly highest plant height, the number of leaves per plant, quality parameters and bulb yield (401.97 q/ha) and yield attributes over the rest of the treatment.
Prevalence of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Sellers at Two Main Goma Markets in the Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Prudence Mitangala Ndeba , Léonid Irenge Mwana Wa Bene , Edgar Musubao Tsongo , Mbeva Jean Bosco Kahindo , Patrick Ayonga Ndeba , Israël Safari Kyembwa , Janvier Kubuya Bonane , Edmon Ntabe Namegabe , Raphaël Kabangwa Kakongo Senga , Guy Mutombo Ndongala , Gala Jean Luc
Published: February 2023

Objective: Official data on Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) show a low prevalence. This study assessed the seroprevalence of antibodies against the severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the two main markets of Goma city, in the eastern DRC.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine the seroprevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in 454 sellers in Kituku and Virunga markets between September 1st and November 08th, 2021. Participants were asked to answer a questionnaire survey on COVID-19 symptoms and their attitudes against COVID-19, including whether they had been vaccinated against COVID-19. Presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 in blood samples was investigated using QuickZen®.

Results: The median (minimum-maximum) age of participants was 27.4 years (13.4-88.3). Participants aged 15 to 40 years old made up 80.6 % of the participants enrolled in the study (n=454), with women accounting for 65.1 % of all participants. No participant in the study had been vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2.

The overall crude and adjusted seroprevalence rates of antibodies anti-SARS-CoV-2 were 73.8 % (95 % CI 69.7-77.9) and 82.7 % (95 % CI 79.2 % -86.2 %), respectively. COVID-19 symptoms were absent for 43,1% (n = 332) of the participants with anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. During the same period, none of the participants with anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies required hospitalization.

Conclusion: We discovered a high seroprevalence of anti-SARS-Cov-2 antibodies in the sellers at the two main Goma markets without any record of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. No severe COVID-19 symptoms were reported among participants.
Treatment of Porokeratosis Ptychotropica With a Topical Combination of Cholesterol and Simvastatin
Authors: Albanell-Fernández Marta , Luque-Luna Mar , López-Cabezas Carmen , Alamon-Reig Francesc , Espinosa-Villaseñor Natalia , Barboza-Guadagnini Lorena , Mascaró José M.
Published: February 2023

This case report describes 2 patients with Ptychotropic porokeratosis who were treated with a combination of cholesterol and simvastatin.
Trends in the Prevalence of Eczema Among US Children by Age, Sex, Race, and Ethnicity From 1997 to 2018
Authors: Choragudi Siri , Yosipovitch Gil
Published: February 2023

This cross-sectional study of National Health Interview Survey data examines differences among sociodemographic subgroups in reported incidence of eczema in children in the US.
Association of the COVID-19 Pandemic With Unstable and/or Unsafe Living Situations and Intimate Partner Violence Among Pregnant Individuals
Authors: Avalos Lyndsay A. , Ray G. Thomas , Alexeeff Stacey E. , Adams Sara R. , Does Monique B. , Watson Carey , Young-Wolff Kelly C.
Published: February 2023

Importance

The social, behavioral, and economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic may be associated with unstable and/or unsafe living situations and intimate partner violence (IPV) among pregnant individuals.

Objective

To investigate trends in unstable and/or unsafe living situations and IPV among pregnant individuals prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design, Setting, and Participants

A cross-sectional population-based interrupted time-series analysis was conducted among Kaiser Permanente Northern California members who were pregnant and screened for unstable and/or unsafe living situation and IPV as part of standard prenatal care between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2020.

Exposures

COVID-19 pandemic (prepandemic period: January 1, 2019, to March 31, 2020; during pandemic period: April 1 to December 31, 2020).

Main Outcomes and Measures

The 2 outcomes were unstable and/or unsafe living situations and IPV. Data were extracted from electronic health records. Interrupted time-series models were fit and adjusted for age and race and ethnicity.

Results

The study sample included 77 310 pregnancies (74 663 individuals); 27.4% of the individuals were Asian or Pacific Islander, 6.5% were Black, 29.0% were Hispanic, 32.3% were non-Hispanic White, and 4.8% were other/unknown/multiracial, with a mean (SD) age of 30.9 (5.3) years. Across the 24-month study period there was an increasing trend in the standardized rate of unsafe and/or unstable living situations (2.2%; rate ratio [RR], 1.022; 95% CI, 1.016-1.029 per month) and IPV (4.9%; RR, 1.049; 95% CI, 1.021-1.078 per month). The ITS model indicated a 38% increase (RR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.13-1.69) in the first month of the pandemic for unsafe and/or unstable living situation, with a return to the overall trend afterward for the study period. For IPV, the interrupted time-series model suggested an increase of 101% (RR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.20-3.37) in the first 2 months of the pandemic.

Conclusions and Relevance

This cross-sectional study noted an overall increase in unstable and/or unsafe living situations and IPV over the 24-month period, with a temporary increase associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. It may be useful for emergency response plans to include IPV safeguards for future pandemics. These findings suggest the need for prenatal screening for unsafe and/or unstable living situations and IPV coupled with referral to appropriate support services and preventive interventions.
Incidence of Aggressive End-of-Life Care Among Older Adults With Metastatic Cancer Living in Nursing Homes and Community Settings
Authors: Koroukian Siran M. , Douglas Sara L. , Vu Long , Fein Hannah L. , Gairola Richa , Warner David F. , Schiltz Nicholas K. , Cullen Jennifer , Owusu Cynthia , Sajatovic Martha , Rose Johnie
Published: February 2023

Importance

Nearly 10% of the 1.5 million persons residing in nursing homes (NHs) have received or will receive a diagnosis of cancer. Although aggressive end-of-life (EOL) care is common among community-dwelling patients with cancer, little is known about such patterns of care among NH residents with cancer.

Objective

To compare markers of aggressive EOL care between older adults with metastatic cancer who are NH residents and their community-dwelling counterparts.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database linked with the Medicare database and the Minimum Data Set (including NH clinical assessment data) for deaths occurring from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2017, among 146 329 older patients with metastatic breast, colorectal, lung, pancreas, or prostate cancer, with a lookback period in claims data through July 1, 2012. Statistical analysis was conducted between March 2021 and September 2022.

Exposures

Nursing home status.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Markers of aggressive EOL care were cancer-directed treatment, intensive care unit admission, more than 1 emergency department visit or more than 1 hospitalization in the last 30 days of life, hospice enrollment in the last 3 days of life, and in-hospital death.

Results

The study population included 146 329 patients 66 years of age or older (mean [SD] age, 78.2 [7.3] years; 51.9% men). Aggressive EOL care was more common among NH residents than community-dwelling residents (63.6% vs 58.3%). Nursing home status was associated with 4% higher odds of receiving aggressive EOL care (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.04 [95% CI, 1.02-1.07]), 6% higher odds of more than 1 hospital admission in the last 30 days of life (aOR, 1.06 [95% CI, 1.02-1.10]), and 61% higher odds of dying in the hospital (aOR, 1.61 [95% CI, 1.57-1.65]). Conversely, NH status was associated with lower odds of receiving cancer-directed treatment (aOR, 0.57 [95% CI, 0.55-0.58]), intensive care unit admission (aOR, 0.82 [95% CI, 0.79-0.84]), or enrollment in hospice in the last 3 days of life (aOR, 0.89 [95% CI, 0.86-0.92]).

Conclusions and Relevance

Despite increased emphasis to reduce aggressive EOL care in the past several decades, such care remains common among older persons with metastatic cancer and is slightly more prevalent among NH residents than their community-dwelling counterparts. Multilevel interventions to decrease aggressive EOL care should target the main factors associated with its prevalence, including hospital admissions in the last 30 days of life and in-hospital death.
Association Between Familiarity of the Surgeon-Anesthesiologist Dyad and Postoperative Patient Outcomes for Complex Gastrointestinal Cancer Surgery
Authors: Hallet Julie , Sutradhar Rinku , Jerath Angela , d’Empaire Pablo Perez , Carrier François M. , Turgeon Alexis F. , McIsaac Daniel I. , Idestrup Chris , Lorello Gianni , Flexman Alana , Kidane Biniam , Kaliwal Yosuf , Chan Wing C. , Barabash Victoria , Coburn Natalie , Eskander Antoine
Published: February 2023

Importance

The surgeon-anesthesiologist teamwork and relationship is crucial to good patient outcomes. Familiarity among work team members is associated with enhanced success in multiple fields but rarely studied in the operating room.

Objective

To examine the association between surgeon-anesthesiologist dyad familiarity—as the number of times working together—with short-term postoperative outcomes for complex gastrointestinal cancer surgery.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This population-based retrospective cohort study based in Ontario, Canada, included adults undergoing esophagectomy, pancreatectomy, and hepatectomy for cancer from 2007 through 2018. The data were analyzed January 1, 2007, through December 21, 2018.

Exposures

Dyad familiarity captured as the annual volume of procedures of interest done by the surgeon-anesthesiologist dyad in the 4 years before the index surgery.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Ninety-day major morbidity (any Clavien-Dindo grade 3 to 5). The association between exposure and outcome was examined using multivariable logistic regression.

Results

Seven thousand eight hundred ninety-three patients with a median age of 65 years (66.3% men) were included. They were cared for by 737 anesthesiologists and 163 surgeons who were also included. The median surgeon-anesthesiologist dyad volume was 1 (range, 0-12.2) procedures per year. Ninety-day major morbidity occurred in 43.0% of patients. There was a linear association between dyad volume and 90-day major morbidity. After adjustment, the annual dyad volume was independently associated with lower odds of 90-day major morbidity, with an odds ratio of 0.95 (95% CI, 0.92-0.98; P = .01) for each incremental procedure per year, per dyad. The results did not change when examining 30-day major morbidity.

Conclusions and Relevance

Among adults undergoing complex gastrointestinal cancer surgery, increasing familiarity of the surgeon-anesthesiologist dyad was associated with improved short-term patient outcomes. For each additional time that a unique surgeon-anesthesiologist dyad worked together, the odds of 90-day major morbidity decreased by 5%. These findings support organizing perioperative care to increase the familiarity of surgeon-anesthesiologist dyads.
Bovine meat and milk factor protein expression in tumor‐free mucosa of colorectal cancer patients coincides with macrophages and might interfere with patient survival
Authors: Nikitina Ekaterina , Burk‐Körner Amelie , Wiesenfarth Manuel , Alwers Elizabeth , Heide Danijela , Tessmer Claudia , Ernst Claudia , Krunic Damir , Schrotz‐King Petra , Chang‐Claude Jenny , von Winterfeld Moritz , Herpel Esther , Brobeil Alexander , Brenner Hermann , Heikenwalder Mathias , Hoffmeister Michael , Kopp‐Schneider Annette , Bund Timo
Published: February 2023

Bovine milk and meat factors (BMMFs) are plasmid‐like DNA molecules isolated from bovine milk and serum, as well as the peritumor of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. BMMFs have been proposed as zoonotic infectious agents and drivers of indirect carcinogenesis of CRC, inducing chronic tissue inflammation, radical formation and increased levels of DNA damage. Data on expression of BMMFs in large clinical cohorts to test an association with co‐markers and clinical parameters were not previously available and were therefore assessed in this study. Tissue sections with paired tumor‐adjacent mucosa and tumor tissues of CRC patients [individual cohorts and tissue microarrays (TMAs) (n = 246)], low‐/high‐grade dysplasia (LGD/HGD) and mucosa of healthy donors were used for immunohistochemical quantification of the expression of BMMF replication protein (Rep) and CD68/CD163 (macrophages) by co‐immunofluorescence microscopy and immunohistochemical scoring (TMA). Rep was expressed in the tumor‐adjacent mucosa of 99% of CRC patients (TMA), was histologically associated with CD68+/CD163+ macrophages and was increased in CRC patients when compared to healthy controls. Tumor tissues showed only low stromal Rep expression. Rep was expressed in LGD and less in HGD but was strongly expressed in LGD/HGD‐adjacent tissues. Albeit not reaching statistical significance, incidence curves for CRC‐specific death were increased for higher Rep expression (TMA), with high tumor‐adjacent Rep expression being linked to the highest incidence of death. BMMF Rep expression might represent a marker and early risk factor for CRC. The correlation between Rep and CD68 expression supports a previous hypothesis that BMMF‐specific inflammatory regulations, including macrophages, are involved in the pathogenesis of CRC.
Cellular Automaton‐Based Modeling of Recrystallization Texture Considering Instability Criterion and Nonuniform Boundary Mobility in AA1100 Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Hsiao Shih-Chieh , Chang Chih-I , Tseng Tien-Yu , Kuo Jui-Chao
Published: February 2023

Herein, the nucleation instability criteria and nonuniform mobility are considered in the 2D cellular automaton simulation to investigate the recrystallization texture of cold‐rolled AA1100. Under the consideration of mechanical instability, the critical driving force for nucleation depends on the differences of the stored energy between a center cell and the neighboring cells. The possible nucleation sites are reduced to 37.5% in comparison with the nucleation model using a constant value of the driving force. The simulation of nucleation reveals that the mechanical instability promotes the formation of recrystallization textures at the expense of neighboring grains with orientations of deformation textures. The nonuniform mobility of high‐angle grain boundaries is implemented in simulation of recrystallization. The enhanced mobility of high‐angle grain boundaries with misorientation of 40°/<111> significantly promotes the growth of grains with orientations of Cube and (recrystallization textures) and inhibits the growth of grain with orientations of C, S, and B (deformation textures).
Advances in Spheroids and Organoids on a Chip
Authors: Fang Guocheng , Chen Yu‐Cheng , Lu Hongxu , Jin Dayong
Published: February 2023

Multicellular spheroids and organoids are promising in vitro 3D models in personalized medicine and drug screening. They replicate the structural and functional characteristics of human organs in vivo. Microfluidic technology and micro‐nano fabrication can fulfill the high requirement of the engineering approach in the growing research interest in spheroids and organoids. In this review, spheroids and organoids are comparatively introduced. Then it is illustrated how spheroids‐ and organoids‐on‐a‐chip technology facilitates their establishment, expansion, and application through spatial‐temporal control, mechanical cues modeling, high‐throughput analysis, co‐culture, multi‐tissue interactions, biosensing, and bioimaging integration. The potential opportunities and challenges in developing spheroids‐ and organoids‐on‐a‐chip technology are finally outlooked.
Selective Photothermal Therapy Based on Lipopolysaccharide Aptamer Functionalized MoS2 Nanosheet‐Coated Gold Nanorods for Multidrug‐Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection
Authors: Lv Jie , Li Bo , Luo Tingting , Nie Chengtao , Pan Weilun , Ge Xiaoxue , Zheng Jinsheng , Rui Yongyu , Zheng Lei
Published: February 2023

Chronic wounds infected by multidrug‐resistant gram‐negative bacteria have evolved resistance to traditional antibiotic therapy, posing a threat to global public health in recent years. Herein, a selective therapeutic nanorod (MoS2‐AuNRs‐apt) based on molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets coated gold nanorods (AuNRs) targeting lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is presented. AuNRs have excellent photothermal conversion efficiency in 808 nm laser‐guided photothermal therapy (PTT), and the MoS2 nanosheets coating significantly enhances the biocompatibility of AuNRs. Furthermore, the conjugation of the nanorods with aptamer permits active targeting of LPS on the surface of gram‐negative bacteria and a specific anti‐inflammatory ability in the multidrug‐resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MRPA)‐infected wound murine model. It is concluded that the antimicrobial effect of these nanorods is considerably more significant than non‐targeted PTT. Moreover, they can precisely overcome MRPA bacteria by physical damage and effectively reduce excess M1 inflammatory macrophages to accelerate the healing of infected wounds. Overall, this molecular therapeutic strategy displays great potential as a prospective antimicrobial treatment for MRPA infections.
Quantum Composites with Charge‐Density‐Wave Fillers
Authors: Barani Zahra , Geremew Tekwam , Stokey Megan , Sesing Nicholas , Taheri Maedeh , Hilfiker Matthew J. , Kargar Fariborz , Schubert Mathias , Salguero Tina T. , Balandin Alexander A.
Published: February 2023

A unique class of advanced materials—quantum composites based on polymers with fillers composed of a van der Waals quantum material that reveals multiple charge‐density‐wave quantum condensate phases—is demonstrated. Materials that exhibit quantum phenomena are typically crystalline, pure, and have few defects because disorder destroys the coherence of the electrons and phonons, leading to collapse of the quantum states. The macroscopic charge‐density‐wave phases of filler particles after multiple composite processing steps are successfully preserved in this work. The prepared composites display strong charge‐density‐wave phenomena even above room temperature. The dielectric constant experiences more than two orders of magnitude enhancement while the material maintains its electrically insulating properties, opening a venue for advanced applications in energy storage and electronics. The results present a conceptually different approach for engineering the properties of materials, extending the application domain for van der Waals materials.
Hierarchical Superstructure of Plant Polyphenol and Arginine Surfactant for Long‐Lasting and Target‐Selective Antimicrobial Application
Authors: Shen Yutan , Lin Hongrui , Yang Ming , Gong Xuefeng , Guan Bo , Han Yuchun , Wang Shu , Wang Yilin
Published: February 2023

Antimicrobial agents are massively used to disinfect the pathogen contaminated surfaces since the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) outbreak. However, their defects of poor durability, strong irritation, and high environmental accumulation are exposed. Herein, a convenient strategy is developed to fabricate long‐lasting and target‐selective antimicrobial agent with the special hierarchical structure through bottom–up assembly of natural gallic acid with arginine surfactant. The assembly starts from rodlike micelles, further stacking into hexagonal columns and finally interpenetrating into spherical assemblies, which avoid explosive release of antimicrobial units. The assemblies show anti‐water washing and high adhesion on various surfaces; and thus, possess highly efficient and broad‐spectrum antimicrobial activities even after using up to eleven cycles. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments prove that the assemblies are highly selective in killing pathogens without generating toxicity. The excellent antimicrobial virtues well satisfy the increasing anti‐infection demands and the hierarchical assembly exhibits great potential as a clinical candidate.
Full Control of Solid‐State Electrolytes for Electrostatic Gating
Authors: Cao Chuanwu , Melegari Margherita , Philippi Marc , Domaretskiy Daniil , Ubrig Nicolas , Gutiérrez‐Lezama Ignacio , Morpurgo Alberto F.
Published: February 2023

Ionic gating is a powerful technique to realize field‐effect transistors (FETs) enabling experiments not possible otherwise. So far, ionic gating has relied on the use of top electrolyte gates, which pose experimental constraints and make device fabrication complex. Promising results obtained recently in FETs based on solid‐state electrolytes remain plagued by spurious phenomena of unknown origin, preventing proper transistor operation, and causing limited control and reproducibility. Here, a class of solid‐state electrolytes for gating (Lithium‐ion conducting glass‐ceramics, LICGCs) is explored, the processes responsible for the spurious phenomena and irreproducible behavior are identified, and properly functioning transistors exhibiting high density ambipolar operation with gate capacitance of ≈ (depending on the polarity of the accumulated charges) are demonstrated. Using 2D semiconducting transition‐metal dichalcogenides, the ability to implement ionic‐gate spectroscopy to determine the semiconducting bandgap, and to accumulate electron densities above 1014 cm−2 are demostrated, resulting in gate‐induced superconductivity in MoS2 multilayers. As LICGCs are implemented in a back‐gate configuration, they leave the surface of the material exposed, enabling the use of surface‐sensitive techniques (such as scanning tunneling microscopy and photoemission spectroscopy) impossible so far in ionic‐gated devices. They also allow double ionic gated devices providing independent control of charge density and electric field.
Highly Sensitive Hybrid Oxide Phototransistors with Photoresponsive Zeolitic‐Imidazolate‐Frameworks for Real‐Time Light Detection
Authors: Yang Ji Sook , Jung Sung Hyeon , Ahn Cheol Hyoun , Yang Won Seok , Kim Jeong Jae , Cho Hyung Koun
Published: February 2023

Conventional oxide‐based thin‐film phototransistors (Ph‐TRs) with a hybrid structure with additional photoabsorbers show limitations in real‐time on/off operations without additional input bias. Here, hybrid InGaZnO (IGZO) Ph‐TRs utilizing zeolitic‐imidazolate‐framework‐67 (ZIF‐67), an electrically insulating material with a unique metal‐to‐metal charge transfer (MMCT) pathway enabling charge migration, are presented. A wide photodetection range and fast response/recovery speed without additional gate bias are achieved. In particular, ZIF‐67 used as a photoabsorber exhibits absorption of visible light over a wide range of wavelengths. Photoexcited electrons migrate through the MMCT pathway between Co ions and migrate to the IGZO conduction band, causing a significant change in the photocurrent (Iph) of the hybrid ZIF‐67/IGZO Ph‐TR. In the dark, ZIF‐67 immediately returns to the insulating state, resulting in a fast rise/fall time under dynamic photo‐stimulus. In addition, it exhibits repeatable photo‐sensing performance without persistent photocurrent behavior under pulsed light‐on/off cycles. A high photosensitivity of 108 for red light (592 nm, 0.1 mW cm–2) is obtained as it suppresses the dark current and amplifies photocurrent generation in the subthreshold gate voltage region. This combination of fast response time, high photosensitivity, and high stability is promising for ideal Ph‐TRs, enabling real‐time detection even for high‐frequency operations.
Neurodegenerative disorders: Assessing the impact of natural vs drug‐induced treatment options
Authors: Mathur Sakshi , Gawas Chaitali , Ahmad Iffat Zareen , Wani Minal , Tabassum Heena
Published: February 2023

Neurodegenerative illnesses refer to the gradual, cumulative loss of neural activity. Neurological conditions are considered to be the second leading cause of mortality in the modern world and the two most prevalent ones are Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. The negative side effects of pharmaceutical use are a major global concern, despite the availability of many different treatments for therapy. We concentrated on different types of neurological problems and their influence on targets, in vitro, in vivo, and in silico methods toward neurological disorders, as well as the molecular approaches influencing the same, in the first half of the review. The bulk of the second half of the review focuses on the many categories of treatment possibilities, including natural and artificial. Nevertheless, herbal treatment solutions are piquing scholarly attention due to their anti‐oxidative properties and accessibility. However, more quality investigations and innovations are undoubtedly needed to back up these conclusions.
Prevalence of constipation on an internal medicine ward
Authors: Rego Rita , Barroso Daniela , Freire Elga
Published: February 2023

In hospitalized patients the prevalence of constipation is high, especially among elderly patients. Constipation impacts significantly the quality of life of patients and is associated with increased morbidity and length of hospital stay. This retrospective observational study intended to identify the prevalence of constipation in patients hospitalized in an internal medicine ward. In a sample of 80 patients, the median age was 79 years and 53% (n = 42) were women. We identified constipation in 68% (n = 56) of the patients during hospitalization. The medical team prescribed treatment only to 70% of those patients. Constipation was responsible for delirium in 11% of patients and 5% suffered urinary retention. This study shows constipation is prevalent among patients admitted in an internal medicine ward. Systematic assessment of this problem can improve the overall care of the patients, alleviate symptoms, and prevent complications.
Phenotypic variability and gastrointestinal manifestations/interventions for growth in NAA10‐related neurodevelopmental syndrome
Authors: Sandomirsky Katherine , Marchi Elaine , Gavin Maureen , Amble Karen , Lyon Gholson J.
Published: February 2023

Our study of 61 children with NAA10‐related neurodevelopmental syndrome, an X‐linked disorder due to NAA10 gene variants, demonstrated a high prevalence of growth failure, with weight and height percentiles often in the failure‐to‐thrive diagnostic range; however, dramatic weight fluctuations and phenotypic variability is evidenced in the growth parameters of this population. Although never previously explored in depth, the gastrointestinal pathology associated with NAA10‐related neurodevelopmental syndrome includes feeding difficulties in infancy, dysphagia, GERD/silent reflux, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea, bowel incontinence, and presence of eosinophils on esophageal endoscopy, in order from most to least prevalent. Additionally, the gastrointestinal symptom profile for children with this syndrome has been expanded to include eosinophilic esophagitis, cyclic vomiting syndrome, Mallory Weiss tears, abdominal migraine, esophageal dilation, and subglottic stenosis. Although the exact cause of poor growth in NAA10‐related neurodevelopmental syndrome probands is unclear and the degree of contribution to this problem by GI symptomatology remains uncertain, an analysis including nine G‐tube or GJ‐tube fed probands demonstrates that G/GJ‐tubes are overall efficacious with respect to improvements in weight gain and caregiving. The choice to insert a gastrostomy or gastrojejunal tube to aid with weight gain is often a challenging decision to make for parents, who may alternatively choose to rely on oral feeding, caloric supplementation, calorie tracking, and feeding therapy. In this case, if NAA10‐related neurodevelopmental syndrome children are not tracking above the failure to thrive (FTT) range past 1 year of age despite such efforts, the treating physicians should be consulted regarding possibly undergoing G‐tube placement to avoid prolonged growth failure. If G‐tubes are not immediately inducing weight gain after insertion, recommendations could include altering formula, increasing caloric input, or exchanging a G‐tube for a GJ‐tube by means of a minimally invasive procedure.
Calcium Aluminate Induced Pt(0)‐Pt(δ+) Coupling Boost Catalyzed H−D Exchange Reaction of Arenes with Deuterium Oxide
Authors: Jiang Wenjie , Shao Fangjun , Cheng Jiaxu , Ma Fandong , Wei Zhongzhe , Zhong Xing , Wang Hong , Wang Jianguo
Published: February 2023

Deuterium(D)‐labeled aromatics play an essential part in the Yield of fine chemicals. However, deuteration reactions are particularly dependent on the specific chemical environment of the metal to finish the oxidative addition and reductive elimination. Herein, a complex valence Pt/Ca12Al14Ox catalyst was successfully synthesized for the deuteration of toluene using inexpensive D2O. It exhibited high deuteration efficiency, achieving 96% deuteration in just 4 hours, 14% higher than the most commonly Pt/C catalyst. The catalyst can also be reactivated and recycled up to 16 times. Multiple characterization techniques were used to demonstrate the interaction between Pt and Ca12Al14Ox generates the co‐existence of Pt(δ+) and Pt(0). The synergy between Pt(δ+) and Pt(0) can promote the completion of oxidation and elimination reactions. Thus, the complex valence of Pt improves the processes required for H−D exchange and boosts the reaction rate and stability of the hydrogen isotope exchange system.
The endocast from Dana Aoule North (DAN5/P1): A 1.5 million year‐old human braincase from Gona, Afar, Ethiopia
Authors: Bruner Emiliano , Holloway Ralph , Baab Karen L. , Rogers Michael J. , Semaw Sileshi
Published: February 2023

The nearly complete cranium DAN5/P1 was found at Gona (Afar, Ethiopia), dated to 1.5–1.6 Ma, and assigned to the species Homo erectus. Its size is, nonetheless, particularly small for the known range of variation of this taxon, and the cranial capacity has been estimated as 598 cc. In this study, we analyzed a reconstruction of its endocranial cast, to investigate its paleoneurological features. The main anatomical traits of the endocast were described, and its morphology was compared with other fossil and modern human samples. The endocast shows most of the traits associated with less encephalized human taxa, like narrow frontal lobes and a simple meningeal vascular network with posterior parietal branches. The parietal region is relatively tall and rounded, although not especially large. Based on our set of measures, the general endocranial proportions are within the range of fossils included in the species Homo habilis or in the genus Australopithecus. Similarities with the genus Homo include a more posterior position of the frontal lobe relative to the cranial bones, and the general endocranial length and width when size is taken into account. This new specimen extends the known brain size variability of Homo ergaster/erectus, while suggesting that differences in gross brain proportions among early human species, or even between early humans and australopiths, were absent or subtle.
Long‐duration pain block for postoperative anesthesia after endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: Bishop Jessica L. , Marshall Ryan V. , McCormick Justin P. , Tomblin Caitlyn , Garcia Natalie , Feinstein Joel , Cho Do Yeon , Grayson Jessica W. , Woodworth Bradford A.
Published: February 2023

Key points

A long‐duration pain block did not decrease postoperative pain or opioid consumption.

Extended sinus procedures do not lead to additional postoperative pain or opioid consumption.
Novel Strategy to Drive the Intracellular Uptake of Lipid Nanoparticles for Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Ho Tiffany , Guidolin Keegan , Makky Ali , Valic Michael , Ding Lili , Bu Jiachuan , Zheng Mark , Cheng Miffy H. Y. , Yau Jeremy , Chen Juan , Zheng Gang
Published: February 2023

Nanoparticles’ uptake by cancer cells upon reaching the tumor microenvironment is often the rate‐limiting step in cancer nanomedicine. Herein, we report that the inclusion of aminopolycarboxylic acid conjugated lipids, such as EDTA‐ or DTPA‐hexadecylamide lipids in liposome‐like porphyrin nanoparticles (PS) enhanced their intracellular uptake by 25‐fold, which was attributed to these lipids’ ability to fluidize the cell membrane in a detergent‐like manner rather than by metal chelation of EDTA or DTPA. EDTA‐lipid‐incorporated‐PS (ePS) take advantage of its unique active uptake mechanism to achieve >95 % photodynamic therapy (PDT) cell killing compared to <5 % cell killing by PS. In multiple tumor models, ePS demonstrated fast fluorescence‐enabled tumor delineation within minutes post‐injection and increased PDT potency (100 % survival rate) compared to PS (60 %). This study offers a new nanoparticle cellular uptake strategy to overcome challenges associated with conventional drug delivery.