bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rare Earth Element Speciation in Miocene Brown Coals from the Sergeevskoe Deposit (Priamurie, Far East)
Authors: Radomskaya V. I. , Shumilova L. P. , Noskova L. P. , Sorokin A. P. , Pavlova L. M. , Dugin S. V. , Soktoev B. R. , Poselyuzhnaya A. V. , Ivanov V. B.
Published: April 2024

The concentration, speciation, and localization of rare earth elements in Miocene brown coals from the Sergeevskoe deposit (Amur oblast) have been studied. The total rare earth element content of the test coals (97.43 mg/kg) exceeds the clarke value by a factor of 1.5; the amount of light lanthanides (74.57 mg/kg) prevails over that of heavy ones (7.68 mg/kg). The main concentrators of lanthanides in Miocene brown coals are humic acids. The amount of rare earth elements in water-soluble, ion-exchange, silicate, and disulfide forms does not exceed 5% of the total content with the exception of scandium, 22% of which is associated with silicate minerals such as clays.
A Study of the GTL Process in Adiabatic Mode
Authors: Samsonov R. O. , Sosna M. Kh. , Khudyakov D. S. , Lapidus A. L.
Published: April 2024

Versions of the production of environmentally friendly components of motor fuels using the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) are considered. The advantages and disadvantages of the used radial reactors are analyzed. Research on the development of a domestic technology for the production of synthetic liquid fuels from natural gas on a bench-scale process plant, which was used to solve the problems of hydrogen utilization, is described. Based on the results of this work, conclusions that allow the development of a promising scientific and practical direction were drawn.
Metal Content of Brown Coals from the Raichikhinskoe Deposit (Priamurie, Far East): Conditions of Accumulation and Distribution and Prospects for Development
Authors: Sorokin A. P. , Ageev O. A. , Dugin S. V. , Popov A. A.
Published: April 2024

The formation of metal-bearing coalfields of the Raichikhinskoe deposit in the conjugation zone of distributive provinces of the Bureya uplift and coal-accumulation areas of the Zeya–Bureya sedimentary basin was studied. It was established that it occurred under conditions of the successive extraction of ore components from weathering crusts of the Bureya uplift, transportation, and unloading in the paleodelta of the Bureya River. These processes proceeded synchronously with volcanic activity in the Sikhote-Alin orogenic belt, which is associated with the supply of volcanic ash. The association of these events made it possible to distinguish two types of enrichment of the Raichikha coals in rare earth elements and yttrium (REY): terrigenous with the supply of REY by surface waters and combined terrigenous volcanogenic associated with the shedding and leaching of acidic and alkaline volcanic ash. The cerium group lanthanides predominate in coals and their combustion products. The largest fraction of REY was contained in fly ash (0.11% on a total weight basis). The mechanisms of accumulation of ore components at the stage of peat deposits are considered from the standpoint of the localization of trace ore components as clastogenic mineral forms and under the conditions of interaction of ore solutions with the organic environment of peat bogs. The quality of REY was assessed, and the most enriched sections of the Verkhnii layer were identified. Prospects for the extraction of lanthanides from coal are considered from the standpoint of the possible recovery of a number of rare, nonferrous, and noble metals in this process.
Thermodynamic Characteristics of the Reactions of Formation of Iron and Magnesium Humates in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Yarkova T. A. , Gyul’maliev A. M.
Published: April 2024

The thermodynamic stability of iron and magnesium ions at different acidity of an aqueous medium was determined using chemical thermodynamics methods and Pourbaix diagrams. The temperature dependence of the thermodynamic functions of corresponding reactions was calculated. The thermodynamic feasibility of the reactions of replacing potassium and sodium ions in aqueous solutions of humic acid salts containing carboxyl and hydroxyl functional groups with iron and magnesium ions was established. The resulting water-soluble iron and magnesium humates can have a high potential for practical use.
Theoretical Method for Evaluating the Heat of Combustion of Sewage Sludge in the Lack of Air
Authors: Zavarukhin S. G. , Dubinin Yu. V. , Yazykov N. A. , Yakovlev V. A.
Published: April 2024

A procedure based on the modification of the Mendeleev formula and the calculation of chemical equilibrium in an initial mixture is proposed for estimating the heat of combustion of sewage sludge (SWS) under conditions of lack of air. The equilibrium composition of a mixture is proposed to be calculated on the basis of applied programs or chemical equilibrium equations. For the second method, the initial equations and methods for their solution are given. Thus, two cases are considered. The first case is the absence of carbon from the equilibrium mixture and the second is the presence of carbon in the equilibrium mixture. A procedure is proposed for calculating an air deficiency coefficient at which carbon begins to appear in an equilibrium mixture. Test calculations were carried out for dry and wet SWS at a combustion temperature of 700°C using the NASA program and based on chemical equilibrium equations. A comparison between the calculation results obtained by both methods showed satisfactory agreement. For illustration, the calorific value of SWS was calculated at 700°C and an air deficiency coefficient of 0.5–1. The procedure can be used for fuels in which the contribution of sulfur to the heat of combustion of the fuel can be neglected.
Kinetics of the Thermal Decomposition of Oil Residue and Its SARA Fractions in the Presence of Vegetable Oil
Authors: Boyar S. V. , Kopytov M. A.
Published: April 2024

Dynamic thermogravimetry was used to study the thermal degradation of the oil residue of Usinskaya oil and its saturated, aromatic, resin, and asphaltene (SARA) fractions in the presence of sunflower oil. Thermolysis experiments were carried out in an atmosphere of pure argon. Based on the data of thermogravimetric analysis, the activation energies of the thermal degradation of the oil residue, resins, asphaltenes, saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons, and their mixtures with sunflower oil were calculated in the temperature range of a maximum weight loss rate. It was shown that the addition of 10.0 wt % sunflower oil to the oil residue and its components led to a decrease in the activation energy. This fact indicates that the sunflower oil additive affected the mechanism of thermal degradation of crude oil and its components. The greatest change in the activation energy was observed for asphaltenes: ΔЕа = 48.4 kJ/mol.
Changes in the Structure of Asphaltene Molecules in the Process of Initiated Cracking of Tars
Authors: Goncharov A. V. , Krivtsov E. B.
Published: April 2024

The results of a study of asphaltenes isolated from the liquid products of tar cracking performed at a temperature of 500°C in the presence of didodecanoyl peroxide are presented. The reactions rate constants of the thermal transformations of asphaltenes in the studied tars were calculated. It was found that the reaction rate of asphaltene condensation into solid compaction products depends not only on the initial asphaltene content of tars but also on the molecular structure. Changes in the structural group parameters of tar asphaltenes in the course of initiated cracking were established. It was shown that the destruction of structural blocks without changes in their number in the molecular composition is a distinctive feature of asphaltene cracking in the presence of didodecanoyl peroxide. Averaged asphaltene molecules became more compact due to the destruction of aliphatic substituents and naphthenic rings, and the fraction of condensed aromatic structures in their composition increased significantly.
Composition and Structure of the Oil Sediments of Resinous Oil
Authors: Loskutova Yu. V. , Prozorova I. V. , Volkova G. I. , Yudina N. V.
Published: April 2024

The study of the distribution of sediment formed from test oil on the sediment-forming surface at different temperature gradients was typical for resinous oils: the amount of oil sediment increased with decreasing oil temperature, and its maximum corresponded to temperatures closest to the pour point of oil. The properties and structure of oil sediments, which differed in sampling sites and methods, were greatly influenced by the thermodynamic conditions of sedimentation. In sediments taken directly from a well and formed in dynamic mode at higher temperatures for a short time period, the asphaltene content was lower than that in oil sediments from a receiving tank. In samples taken at the surface and formed at low temperatures for a longer period, the amount of paraffinic hydrocarbons was significantly higher than that in the sediments from the well.
Influence of Heat Treatment Conditions on the Composition of Cracking Products of Oil Shale from the Kashpir Deposit
Authors: Mozhayskaya M. V. , Pevneva G. S. , Krivtsov E. B. , Pantilov P. V.
Published: April 2024

The cracking of oil shale from the Kashpir deposit was studied at various temperatures (425, 450, and 475°C) and process durations (40, 60, 80, and 100 min.). It was shown that the highest yields of liquid products and oils in their composition were achieved at a cracking temperature of 450°C and a duration of 100 min. An increase in the temperature and duration of cracking led to an increase in the concentration of С1–С5 hydrocarbons in the gaseous products by a factor of 2–5. Oils isolated from the liquid products of oil shale cracking consisted of 30–45% polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. It was established that an increase in the temperature and duration of cracking led to an increase in the concentration of IBP–360°C fractions in the composition of liquid products.
Study of the Thermal Stability of Heavy Oil Resins and Asphaltenes by Thermogravimetry
Authors: Pevneva G. S. , Voronetskaya N. G. , Kopytov M. A.
Published: April 2024

The thermal stability of resins and asphaltenes of naphthenic and methane heavy oils was studied by thermogravimetry. Based on the data of physicochemical methods of analysis, it was shown that the resins and asphaltenes of the test oils had significant differences in molecular weight, elemental composition, and distribution of carbon atoms in structural fragments. Thermogravimetric analysis was performed by heating the samples from 25 to 650°С at a rate of 10 K/min in an atmosphere of argon. It was shown that the maximum rate of weight loss of naphthenic oil resins and asphaltenes occurred at lower temperatures, as compared to similar components of methane oil. The thermal stability of resins and asphaltenes depended on the composition and structural organization of these components due to their formation from oil dispersed systems of various chemical types. It was established that the thermal stability of resins and asphaltenes of methane oil was higher than the thermal stability of similar components of naphthenic oil.
Transformation of Heavy Oil Components in the Process of Initiated Cracking
Authors: Sviridenko N. N. , Pevneva G. S. , Voronetskaya N. G. , Korol I. S.
Published: April 2024

In this work, the effect of butyl bromide on the thermal transformations of heavy oil from the Karmalskoye field (Republic of Tatarstan) in the presence of an initiating additive, n-butyl bromide, was studied. It was shown that the addition of butyl bromide increased the yield of gasoline and diesel fractions due to the destruction of high-molecular-weight components. It was established that almost all bromine from butyl bromide entered the compaction products upon the cracking of heavy oil, and butyl radicals entered the composition of gaseous products. It was noted that the direction of thermal transformations of hydrocarbons changed in the presence of butyl bromide. As compared to the initial oil, the amount of low-molecular-weight alkanes and isoprenoids increased significantly, the concentration of cyclohexanes and cyclopentanes decreased, and tri-, tetra- and pentacyclic saturated hydrocarbons were completely destroyed.
XII International Conference “Chemistry of Oil and Gas”
Authors: Vosmerikov A. V.
Published: April 2024

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Ignition of Coals with Continuous-Wave Lasers at Wavelengths of 450 and 808 nm
Authors: Aduev B. P. , Belokurov G. M. , Liskov I. Yu. , Ismagilov Z. R.
Published: April 2024

The kinetic and energy characteristics of the ignition of microparticle powders of coals of G (gas), Zh (fat), and K (coking) grades with a bulk density of 0.4 g/cm3 under the action of continuous-wave laser radiation at wavelengths λ = 450 and 808 nm with an exposure time of 1 s were measured. Coals were ignited only under irradiation, and the effect of flame propagation was absent. Ignition delay times were measured as a function of the radiation power density, and the critical values of the coal ignition energy density were determined. Energy consumption for the ignition of coals with radiation at λ = 808 nm was greater than that at λ = 450 nm for all grades of coals. It was established that the absorption of laser radiation by coal samples had a quantum character.
Use of Natural Flake Graphite in the Calibration of Instrumental Research Methods
Authors: Ershov A. A. , Dmitriev A. V.
Published: April 2024

The size of mosaic blocks along the graphite layers (that is, the average diameter of crystallites in the basal plane) was determined by two methods for specially made model materials based on narrow fractions of flake graphite powders and milled pyrographite with lamellar particles. The first method consisted in the calculation of mosaic block sizes from a minimum of the temperature dependence of electrical conductivity using an empirical law according to Mason; the second method based on mathematical modeling used the values of the magnetoresistance of carbon materials at temperatures of 80 and 300 K. The correspondence between the sizes of mosaic blocks calculated by these methods along the graphite layers in the considered materials was shown. A correction for the lamellar shape of graphite crystallites was determined to calculate the sizes of mosaic blocks in the direction perpendicular to the graphite layers from the 002 peak broadening in the diffraction pattern.
Mobility of the Major and Trace Elements in the Coal Mining Wastes
Authors: Hao Jie , Kochetkova E. M. , Epshtein S. A.
Published: April 2024

Domestic and foreign static tests are considered to assess the impact of mineral waste from coal mining and processing on water objects when waste is placed in dumps or used for reclamation purposes. The results of static tests according to GOST R 58914–2020 for three samples of mineral waste taken from hard and brown coal deposits are presented. The wastes differ significantly in mineral and chemical composition, including sulfur content. It is shown that the high content of sulfur in the waste, including it in a water-soluble form, determines the low pH value of the aqueous extract. This, in turn, leads to an increase in the yield of water-soluble substances and to an increase in the mobility of major and trace elements.
Influence of Interstructural Bonds in Biomass on the Thermophysical Characteristics of Biochar Produced by Hydrothermal Carbonization and Torrefaction
Authors: Krysanova K. O. , Krylova A. Yu. , Pudova Ya. D. , Zaichenko V. M.
Published: April 2024

The influence of the temperature of hydrothermal carbonization and torrefaction on the properties of biochar obtained from biomasses (peat and sawdust) and model mixtures of structural components (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) prepared in percentage ratios corresponding to their amounts in real biomass was studied. It was found that the yield of biochar decreased with temperature in both of the processes, whereas the degree of deoxygenation, the amount of carbon in the biochar, and its calorific value increased. A comparison of biochars from biomass and model mixtures was carried out. An assumption on the screening effect of lignin in heat treatment, which reduced the degree of degradation of the structural components of biomasses, was made.
Influence of the Component Composition of Coal–Water Suspensions on the Volumes of Anthropogenic Gases Produced on Their Combustion
Authors: Malyshev D. Yu. , Kostoreva Zh. A. , Tamashevich M. S.
Published: April 2024

Experimental studies were carried with coal–water suspensions (CWSs) based on brown coal (grade 2B) with the addition of woody biomass of different types (pine sawdust and pine needles) in various concentrations (2, 4, and 6 wt %) on a fuel basis with a water content of 50%. It was shown that the addition of woody biomass to the coal–water suspensions is promising. An increase in the weight concentration of biomass in the CWSs significantly decreased the volume of anthropogenic emissions generated upon fuel combustion.
Effect of the Chemical Composition of Coals on Surface Wettability and Filtration Properties
Authors: Patrakov Yu. F. , Semenova S. A. , Yarkova A. V.
Published: April 2024

The method of liquid filtration through a layer of coal powder was used for a comprehensive characterization of surface wettability in conjunction with the determination of the contact angle. The effect of the degree of chemical maturity (metamorphism) of coal on the filtration characteristics of a layer with fractured porous properties was evaluated. Different activity of coal surfaces to water wettability upon a change from the native state to the surface-oxidized one was established. It was shown that the wetting and filtration properties of the coal surfaces increased from native to surface-oxidized coals and decreased as the degree of metamorphism increased from low to medium metamorphosed coals.
Modification of Zinc–copper Catalysts for the Process Production of Methanol From Synthesis Gas
Authors: Shumovskii A. V. , Gorlov E. G.
Published: April 2024

Variants of modification of a zinc–copper catalyst for the synthesis of methanol are considered. The main physicochemical characteristics of the modified catalysts have been studied. The effect of modification on catalyst operation in the process of methanol production from synthesis gas with the ratio H2 : CO = 2.1 was demonstrated.
Composite Materials Based on Aminated Humic Acids
Authors: Vassilets E. P. , Zhakina A. H. , Arnt O. V. , Alzhankyzy A. , Zhivotova T. S. , Gazaliev A. M. , Muldakhmetov Z. M.
Published: April 2024

Composite materials based on amino-containing humic acids with the introduction of carbon nanotubes, capable of molecular recognition and selective binding of a target metal, were obtained using molecular imprinting, and their composition and physicochemical properties were studied.
Study of the Water Resistance of Fuel Briquettes
Authors: Buravchuk N. I. , Gur’yanova O. V.
Published: April 2024

The results of experimental studies on the selection of modifying additives to binders for the water resistance of fuel briquettes from anthracite culm and coal sludge, which are available in the Rostov oblast, are presented. A comparative study of the influence of modifying additives on the water resistance of manufacturedfuel briquettes was carried out. The technical analysis of an experimental batch of fuel briquettes was reported. The mechanism of formation of the structure and properties of fuel briquettes containing various additives was considered.
Evaluation of Cs-137 Binding by High-Moor Peat in the European North of Russia
Authors: Orlov A. S. , Zubov I. N. , Yakovlev E. Yu. , Bogdanovich N. I.
Published: April 2024

The sorption properties of high-moor peat and products of its sequential disassembly were studied and the binding of Cs-137 by the test materials was evaluated. According to the results of low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, the specific surface area of pores in the test materials varied in a range from 1.48 to 5.96 m2/g, and the total pore volume varied from 0.002 to 0.009 cm3/g. The limiting adsorption of Cs-137 on the test high-moor peat ranged from 1 to 51 Bq/g, which significantly exceeded the background values ofCs-137 activity determined in the peat deposit and indicated a high sorption capacity of high-moor peatlands with respect to anthropogenic radionuclides. For peat derivatives obtained by the sequential disassembly method, the values of limiting sorption ranged from 2 to 61 Bq/g in the test range of pH. It was revealed thatthe pH of the medium and the nature of a sorbent are the key factors determining the efficiency of Cs-137 sorption. It was established that the values of the limiting sorption of Cs-137 for peat and products based on it increased with pH
Intensification of the Process of Coal Ignition by Adding Biomass Under Flame Combustion Conditions
Authors: Zhuikov A. V. , Glushkov D. O. , Tsepenok A. I. , Pleshko A. O.
Published: April 2024

The characteristics of thermal decomposition and combustion processes on the heating of fine particles (100–200 m) of Chernogorsky coal, larch wood, and mixtures based on them, including the concentrations of the main components of flue gases (CO, CO2, NOx, and H2S + SO2), were determined using moderntechniques, analytical instrumentation, and experimental equipment. The biomass contents of the fuel mixtures based on coal were 10, 20, and 30 wt %. The temperatures at which the ignition of the coke residue occurred and the combustion process was completed were established using the synchronous thermal analysis of individual solid fuels and their mixtures. Larch sawdust was more reactive than Chernogorsky coal due to the lowest temperature at which the carbon residue was ignited; therefore, the addition of even 10% biomass to coal had a positive effect on the reactivity of the mixture. Under conditions of fuel heating in a flow of air at temperatures of 500–800C, the ignition delay times were determined using a hardware–software complex for high-speed video recording of fast processes. Based on the results of the experimental studies, it was found that the ignition delay times of the test fuels in a flow of heated air varied in a range from 0.02 to 0.22 s, and the addition of 10–30 wt % biomass to coal shortened the ignition delay times of fuel mixtures by up to 50%. The analysis of flue gases upon the combustion of solid fuels made it possible to establish the concentrations of the main anthropogenic emissions; the use of biomass as an additive to coal reduced the emissions of carbondioxide, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur compounds (H2S + SO2) by 2.2–13.5, 6.2–28.9, and 18.2–33.3%, respectively.
Gasification of Coal and Biomass Mixtures
Authors: Lapidus A. L. , Shumovskii A. V. , Gorlov E. G.
Published: April 2024

The results of an analysis of the state of developments in the field of gasification of coal and biomass mixtures are presented. It is shown that this is a promising direction for diversifying the areas of coal application and a new area for using biomass as a renewable natural resource. The specific features of the process of gasification of coal and biomass mixtures are considered. A comparison of gasifiers of various types was carried out, and the technology and the type of gasifiers that are of particular interest for the production of synthesis gas from the mixtures of coal and biomass were identified.
Influence of Coal Processing with a Suspension of Blast Furnace Slag on Changes in the Physicochemical Properties of the Surface
Authors: Patrakov Yu. F. , Maiorov A. E. , Semenova S. A. , Kulik D. P.
Published: April 2024

The properties and efficiency of a solid–liquid suspension based on ground blast furnace slag, which is used to deactivate the processes of oxidation and spontaneous combustion of coals, have been studied. It has been established that sequential impregnation of coal with water-soluble and thickened components of the slag suspension promotes uniform passivation and a decrease in the oxidative activity of the external contacting surface. The results obtained justify the effectiveness of using slag waste as a constituent of technological suspensions for the insulation plugging of a coal seam.
Study of the Slow Pyrolysis of Lignin, Hemicellulose, and Cellulose and the Effect of Their Interaction in Plant Biomas
Authors: Zaichenko V. M. , Lavrenov V. A. , Faleeva Yu. M.
Published: April 2024

The pyrolysis of two types of raw materials of plant origin (sawdust and sunflower husks), components of the organic matter of biomass (hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin), and model mixtures preparedfrom components in accordance with their fractions in the raw materials was studied. Pyrolysis of the materials was carried out using TGA and a laboratory setup with a fixed bed reactor. The distribution and composition of the products were determined at pyrolysis temperatures of 350, 425, 500, and 575C. Experimental data obtained with the biomass samples and model mixtures were compared with calculated values obtained based on the pyrolysis of individual components and their fractions in the biomass. The possibility of predicting the distribution of pyrolysis products depending on the component composition was investigated. Theinfluence of intercomponent interaction in biomass on the yield and composition of pyrolysis products was revealed.
Influence of 2,3-Butanedione-Monoxime on the Interaction of Myosin with Actin in Healthy and in Congenital Myopathy
Authors: Andreeva D. D. , Rysev N. A. , Borovikov Y. S. , Karpicheva O. E.
Published: April 2024

Congenital myopathies are a heterogeneous group of human skeletal muscle disorders characterized by muscle hypotonia and weakness. Myopathies have a wide range of clinical phenotypes, which makes it extremely difficult to develop approaches to their treatment. There are several pharmacological agents in clinical use or under clinical investigation for the treatment of cardiomyopathies whose mechanism of action can be used to treat congenital myopathies as well. One such agent is 2,3-butanedione-monoxime (BDM), a noncompetitive inhibitor of myosin ATPase activity used to suppress acute myocardial injury. The molecular mechanisms of inhibition of myosin by BDM in skeletal muscle have not been studied, therefore the aim of this work was to estimate the effect of BDM on the interaction of myosin with actin in the modeling of several ATPase stages in skeletal muscle fiber, in order to assess the prospects for the use of BDM for the treatment of congenital myopathies. We found that BDM enhances the rigidity of myosin binding to actin when modeling weak binding forms of these muscle proteins, which can slow down the transition of actomyosin from the AM ∙ ADP ∙ Pi to the AM ∙ ADP state and is one of the reasons for the decrease in myosin ATPase activity in the presence of BDM. When modeling successive stages of the ATPase cycle using ADP, AMPPNP, ATPγS, and ATP, the myosin heads gradually switch to a state of weak interaction with actin. In the presence of the regulatory proteins tropomyosin and troponin in the muscle fiber, BDM does not affect the formation of a weak form of actomyosin binding, but increases the number of myosin heads essential for force generation. BDM can be used to increase the efficiency of myosin conformational rearrangements in the presence of tropomyosin with the R90P mutation associated with congenital myopathy, since this reagent increases the number of myosin heads in the muscle fiber capable of effective conformational rearrangements in the ATPase cycle and partially inhibits the pathological effects of the mutation.
The Role of MAP Kinases in the Induced Histone H2AX Phosphorylation in Transformed Cells
Authors: Gnedina O. O. , Morshneva A. V. , Igotti M. V.
Published: April 2024

Previously, we have shown that inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDIs) do not induce DNA double strand breaks (DNA DSBs). However, like genotoxic agents, HDIs initiate the accumulation of phosphorylated histone H2AX (γH2AX), which is a DNA DSB marker. HDIs can also reduce the efficiency of repair of DNA damaged by genotoxic effects in transformed cells. The aim of this work was to identify the signaling pathways leading to the accumulation of γH2AX under the HDIs treatment in transformed cells. There was considered the role of the MAPK family kinases in phosphorylation of histone H2AX as well as inhibition of DNA repair induced with HDI sodium butyrate (NaBut). It was shown that the accumulation of γH2AX under the NaBut treatment is accompanied by a decrease of the ERK and PKB/Akt kinases phosphorylation level in transformed cells. The activating phosphorylation of p38 kinase increases under the NaBut treatment, causing Wip1 phosphatase accumulation, which may be one of the reasons for the DNA repair inhibition. Suppression of p38 kinase activity abolishes the NaBut-induced inhibition of repair efficiency. The data obtained suggest the role of the p38/Wip1 pathway in the HDIs-induced decrease in repair efficiency in transformed cells.
Disturbance in Expression of Lactate Transporters in Brain Cells under Acute Toxic Effect of Beta-Amyloid In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Gorina Ya. V. , Kharitonova E. V. , Khilazheva E. D. , Semenova A. A. , Morgun A. V. , Komleva Yu. K. , Lopatina O. L. , Salmina A. B.
Published: April 2024

Decreased energy metabolism in the brain correlates with cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease. Accumulating experimental data indicate that lactate transporters and monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) are directly involved in cerebral energy metabolism. However, to date, changes in lactate levels and MCT content in Alzheimer’s disease remain unclear. The aim of the study was to study the content of lactate and of its transporters – MCT1 and MCT2 in cells of neuronal, astroglial and endothelial nature under acute toxic effects of beta-amyloid (Aβ1–42) in vitro and in vivo. Under conditions of acute toxic action of Aβ1–42 in vivo, a significant (P ≤ 0.05) decrease in the level of lactate in the hippocampal tissue and an increase (P ≤ 0.05) in the dialysate were found. At the same time, a low (P ≤ 0.05) levels of MCT1 and MCT2 was set. In vitro, significantly high (P ≤ 0.05) production of lactate by astrocytes was revealed, coupled with low (P ≤ 0.05) level of MCT2 on neurons. Thus, it was found that Aβ1–42 causes a decrease in the level of lactate in the hippocampal tissue and an increase in its level in dialysate in vivo, which correlates with the impaired level of MCT1 and MCT2. This indicates a violation of energy metabolism due to the acute toxic effect of Aβ1–42. At the same time, the revealed increase in the production of lactate by astrocytes in vitro may indicate the inclusion of a compensatory mechanism aimed at maintaining the astrocyte-neuronal interaction.
On the Variativity of Cell Adhesive Response under the Action of Related Short Peptides
Authors: Ivanova V. P.
Published: April 2024

Analysis of the participation of short peptides GER and FGER containing common tripeptide fragment in the regulation of adhesive response of CHO-K1 cells was conducted. Both peptides stimulated cell adhesion both to untreated plastic and to gelatin-coated plastic, but did not change cell attachment to poly-L-lysine-coated plastic. Tripeptide GER had larger stimulation effect on cell adhesion to untreated plastic. Peptide FGER increased the rate of cell attachment to gelatin in a wider range of concentrations as compared to adhesion to untreated plastic. Variativity of cell spreading to different substrates under peptide action was demonstrated. On untreated plastic both investigated peptides practically in equal extent stimulated cell spreading. On gelatin peptide FGER kept the stimulation effect on cell spreading, but peptide GER partly inhibited cell spreading as compared to cell spreading on untreated plastic. It was established that insertion of additional N-terminal hydrophobic amino acid residue Phe to tripeptide fragment GER changes the regulatory activity of peptide at the cell adhesion model depending on the stage of cell connection with substrate and/or on substrate properties. The structural-functional activity of investigated short peptides on the instance of different structural components of adhesive structures is discussed.
Osteogenic Differentiation in vitro off Human Osteoblasts is Associated with Only Slight Shift in Their Proteomics Profile
Authors: Khvorova I. A. , Malashicheva A. B. , Karelkin V. V. , Sereda A. P. , Bozhkova S. A. , Tikhilov R. M. , Gromova E. S. , Fefilova E. A. , Zainullina B. R. , Kostina D. A. , Lobov A. A.
Published: April 2024

Fracture healing is a complex process in which the periosteum and endosteum become the main sources of osteoblast progenitor cells. However, cellular mechanisms and signaling cascades underlying the early stages of osteoblast progenitors differentiation in adult bone are still not well understood. Therefore, we performed shotgun proteomics analysis of primary culture of isolated human osteoblasts from femur of adult donors in undifferentiated conditions and on the sixth day of osteogenic differentiation in vitro. This is an early timepoint in which we have observed no extracellular matrix mineralization yet. 1612 proteins identified with at least two unique peptides were included in proteomics analysis. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD033697. Despite the fact, that matrix mineralization starts only after induction of osteogenic differentiation, we revealed unexpectedly weak physiological shift associated with a decrease of cells proliferative activity and changes in proteins inVved in extracellular matrix secretion and organization. We demonstrated that osteoblasts were positive for markers of later osteogenic differentiation stages during standard cultivation: osteopontin, osteocalcin, BMP-2/4 and RUNX2. Therefore, further differentiation required for matrix mineralization needs minimal physiological changes.
Changes in the Content of Small Non-Coding RNAs in Spermatozoa as a Possible Mechanism of Transgenerational Transmission of the Effects of Paternal Stress: Experimental Research
Authors: Malysheva O. V. , Pivina S. G. , Ponomareva E. N. , Ordyan N. E.
Published: April 2024

It has been proven that the stress of the father can affect the phenotype of offspring, causing somatic, behavioral, hormonal and molecular changes. One of the hypothetical mechanisms responsible for the transmission of paternal effects to offspring may be a change in the spectrum of regulatory non-coding RNAs in spermatozoa. In this paper, we investigated the effect of paternal stress in models of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression on the representation of small RNAs (micro- and piwiRNAs) in the sperm of stressed animals. Male Wistar rats were subjected to stress in two paradigms (“stress–restress” and “learned helplessness”), which leads to the development of PTSD-like and depressive-like states in model animals, respectively. 48 days after the restress, sperm preparations were received and RNA was isolated. The spectrum of small RNAs was studied by NGS sequencing. In males with a PTSD-like condition, a change in the expression of 27 piwi RNAs and 77 microRNAs was detected compared with the control group. Among the targets of these miRNAs, it is possible to identify genes whose products may be involved in such mechanisms of transmission of paternal effects to offspring as changes in DNA methylation, histone modifications and RNA interference (Dnmt3a, Setd5, Hdac1, Mllt10, Mtdh), as well as genes associated with the functioning of insulin-like growth factor 2, the expression of which as previously shown, it is altered in the central nervous system in the offspring of males with a PTSD-like condition (Igf2, Igf2bp2, Igf2r). No changes in the representation of small RNAs were registered in males with a simulated depression-like state. The results indicate a pronounced effect of paternal stress on the spectrum of short non-coding RNAs in sperm cells in rats, however, it depends on the nature of the stress effect.
Double Covalence Bonding of Biliverdin in Near-Infrared Fluorescent Protein Prevents Their Proteolitic Degradation
Authors: Stepanenko Olga V. , Stepanenko Olesya V.
Published: April 2024

In the present work, we analyze how the double covalent binding of biliverdin ligand (BV) in the near-infrared fluorescent protein iRFP670, containing two key cysteine residues, affects the stability of this biomarker to proteolytic degradation. It has been previously found that the covalent attachment of BV simultaneously with two cysteine residues is the cause of the highest fluorescence quantum yield of BV-containing near-infrared fluorescent proteins (NIR FPs) with two key cysteine residues compared to other BV-containing NIR FPs. Our data indicate that the covalent binding of BV in NIR-FP with two key cysteine residues simultaneously with two regions of the polypeptide chain, which, in addition, forms a figure-of-eight knot, leads to screening of many cleavage sites by the proteolytic enzymes trypsin and chymotrypsin in them.As a result, the covalent binding of BV in NIR FPs simultaneously with two cysteine residues not only stabilizes their structure, but their resistance to proteolytic degradation can also increase, which determines the cellular stability of biomarkers and is important for their use as fluorescent tag in the cell.
The Potential of Decellularized Cell-Derived Matrices for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Ushakov R. E.
Published: April 2024

Decellularized extracellular matrices show а great promise as materials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in the use of cell-derived extracellular matrices (CD-ECMs). The present mini-review focuses on advantages and disadvantages of the CD-ECMs, describes the variety of approaches to modify the CD-ECMs and discusses the CD-ECMs application fields. In particular, CD-ECMs were shown to serve as cell culture substrate, as base for biocompatible scaffold production, as drug for cell-free therapy and as component of disease models.
Cryoprotective Characteristics of L-Carnosine Dipeptide (β-Alanyl-L-Histidine)
Authors: Mokrushin A. A.
Published: April 2024

The dipeptide (β-alanyl-L-histidine) is found in significant amounts in the muscles and brain of mammals, especially in the olfactory structures. L-Carnosine exhibits many protective effects when exposed to various cytotoxic factors on cells. We used slices of the rat olfactory cortex to study the cryoprotective characteristics of L-carnosine during cryopreservation (CP). Changes in the activity of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) were analyzed during registration of NMDA potentials induced by electrical stimulation of the lateral olfactory tract. Brain slices were preincubated with L-carnosine (20 mM) in solution, frozen (−10°C), and after a long CP (30 days) they were warmed up to 37°C and changes in the amplitudes of NMDA potentials were determined. It was found that the dipeptide optimized the pH of the freezing solution after CP and retained the activity of NMDAR, determined by the amplitude of NMDA potentials. L-Carnosine after CP contributed to the dehydration of excess free water from the slices. The dipeptide inhibited the development of glutamate excitotoxicity in brain slices during CP and maintained normal NMDAR functioning. The data obtained prove that L-carnosine exhibits the properties of an endogenous cryoprotector in the nervous tissue.
An Impact of Hypoxia and Macromolecular Crowders on Extracellular Matrix Deposition by Human Endometrial Mesenchymal Stromal Cells
Authors: Perevoznikov I. E. , Ushakov R. E. , Burova E. B.
Published: April 2024

The last decades are characterized by intensive development of extracellular matrix (ECM) biology. ECM binds cells in an integral tissue and controls the cell functions – from proliferation and differentiation to migration and apoptosis. Bioactive properties of ECM provide the wide perspectives of using in bioengineering and regenerative medicine. In this context, the ECM production by decellularization of organs, tissues or cell cultures is a key technology. To date, a problem of a rapid and large-scale production of bioactive ECM by cultured cells remains very relevant. Optimization of the ECM deposition conditions by human endometrial mesenchymal stromal cells (MESCs) had not been studied yet. Here, we investigated an impact of macromolecular compounds (crowders) – ficoll and PEG on efficiency of crucial ECM proteins deposition depending on both concentration and molecular weight of crowders under normoxia and hypoxia. According to immunofluorescence analysis, among all studied crowders, ficoll 400 had a potent effect on the production of ECM core proteins – fibronectin, type IV collagen and, in a lower rate, type III collagen. The MESCs incubation under hypoxia promoted the formation of a properly organized ECM structure as well as increase in efficiency of ECM protein deposition. Of note, in these conditions ficoll 400 accelerated the ECM production only in а low serum medium. Together, combination of ficoll 400, low serum medium and hypoxia provides the optimal conditions for ECM synthesis. The present work demonstrates for the first time the phenomenon of macromolecular crowding in the context of improving the conditions for deposition and organization of ECM by MESCs.
Changes in the Population of Immature Neurons in the Pyriform Cortex of Experimental Animals after Early Life Stress
Authors: Salmina A. B. , Uspenskaya Yu. A. , Panina Yu. A. , Gorina Ya. V. , Lopatina O. L.
Published: April 2024

Early life stress is an important factor predisposing to the development of pathology of the nervous system in animals and humans in the late period of ontogenesis. We used an early life stress model to assess the activation of the piriform cortex upon presentation of olfactory stimuli in experimental animals (CD1 mice, P60 and 10 months old) as well as to assess the expression of markers of neurons with prolonged immaturity involved in the processes of plasticity of the adult brain and its recovery. We found that early life stress reduces the number of immature neurons with the DCX+PSA-NCAM+ phenotype in the piriform cortex and the response to olfactory memory induction. In addition, olfactory stimulation reduces sensitivity to unpleasant stimuli at a young age (P60), stimulates short-term memory. However, at the age of 10 months, these effects are less evident. The results obtained indicate a possible contribution of immature neurons of the piriform cortex to the mechanisms of aberrant neuroplasticity after early life stress.
GFAP- and Vimentin-Containing Stuctures in Human Pineal Gland
Authors: Sufieva D. A. , Fedorova E. A. , Yakovlev V. S. , Korzhevskii D. E. , Grigorev I. P.
Published: April 2024

The pineal gland plays a key role in coordinating various bodily functions. The main part of the pineal cells are pinealocytes, and the second largest are glial cells, the data on which are contradictory. The purpose of this study is to investigate the astroglial cells in the human pineal gland using immunohistochemistry with transmitted light microscopy and, for the first time, with confocal laser microscopy. Astrocytes were labeled with antibodies to glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin. A large number of GFAP- and vimentin-expressing structures were revealed in the human pineal gland. GFAP was localized in polygonal cells located among pinealocytes in lobules, while vimentin was localized in blood vessels and rounded cells localized mainly in trabeculae and partially in pineal lobules. Both GFAP- and vimentin-immunoreactive cells gave rise to several long branching processes that penetrated the entire pineal parenchyma, forming a dense network, and ended on the surface of the pineal gland, blood vessels, and around calcifications. GFAP-immunoreactive fibers tightly entwined all calcifications (single and in groups), while vimentin-immunopositive processes surrounded only a part of them. The study of consecutive sections of the pineal gland showed very rare (if any) coincidence of the localization of GFAP and vimentin in pineal cells. The obtained data suggest that there are two separate populations of astrocyte-like cells in the human pineal gland, that express GFAP or vimentin and differ not only cytochemically, but also in morphological features and localization of cell bodies, as well as in the distribution of processes.
Metalloproteinase’s Activity of Two Placenta-Derived Stem Cells Lines from a Donor Differing in the Adipogenic Differentiation Potential and Nature of Replicative Senescense
Authors: Voronkina I. V. , Smagina L. V. , Koltsova A. M. , Musorina A. S. , Poljanskaya G. G.
Published: April 2024

A long-term cultivation of 2 lines of human MSCs isolated from different sites of placenta was carried out. The MSC-PL-1 cell line is characterized by premature replicative senescence (RS) compared to the MSC-PL-2 line. During the induction of adipogenic differentiation (AD), it was shown that AD does not occur at early and late passages in cells of MSC-PL-1 line unlike cells of the MSC-PL-2 line. Comparative analysis of the activities of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, -2 and -9) in the process of RS of these cell lines indicates interlinear differences. So, during RS in MSC-PL-2 cells the activity of MMP-2 and -1 decreases, and MMP-9 does not change, and in MSC-PL-1 cells with premature RS the activity of MMP-9 and -1 increases, while activity of MMP-2 decreases. The analysis of MMP -1 and -2 activities during the process of adipogenic differentiation in the MSC-PL-2 line at the early 6th passage showed a number of differences between the activity levels of these MMPs during 21 days, but they all showed the same wave-like manner of changes. The activity of MMP-9 had a different character of changes during the 21 days of differentiation. The same pattern of changes took place at the late 16th passage in same 3 MMP during 21 days of differentiation. Since there is no adipogenic differentiation in the MSC-PL-1 line, we analized the activities of MMP -1, -2 and -9 during cultivation in induction medium for 21 days in the early 6th and late 13th passages. There were changes in the activity of all MMPs in both variants, buy they were not synchronous. In general, there was a significant decrease in the activity of all 3 MMP on the 13th passage compared to the 6th passage. The obtained results indicate the participation of MMPs in a wide range of cellular processes.
CRISPR/Cas9 Induced Duplications, Deletions and Inversions in Mouse Zygotes Lead to Karyotype Instability
Authors: Minina J. M. , Soroka A. B. , Karamysheva T. V. , Serdyukova N. A. , Serov O. L.
Published: April 2024

CRISPR/Cas9 technology has been widely used for targeted modification of the mammalian genomes. We have analyzed the karyotype of 18 mouse fibroblast cell lines with Cntn6 gene rearrangements introduced by CRISPR/Cas9. We have produced cell lines with 2374 kb Cntn6 gene duplications, 1137 kb deletions and inversions of similar size. In addition, we have performed cytogenetic analysis for five control mouse embryonic fibroblasts with the intact Cntn6 gene alleles. The cell lines heterozygous for Cntn6 gene inversion and homozygous and heterozygous for Cntn6 gene duplication had a high level of polyploidy (20–46%), as well as chromosome 6 monosomy (1–9%) and trisomy (1–8%). No trisomy was detected in the four cell lines with the deletion and duplication of the Cntn6 gene in the compound, and the proportion of polyploid cells was minimal (1.5–5.7%). Thus, we have shown the karyotype destabilization in the cell lines that have undergone genome editing using CRISPR/Cas9 system.