bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
F. Haass: doctor, scientist, public health administrator, humanist, incorrigible philanthropist and Moscow Holy doctor
Authors: Korabelnikov Daniil
Published: January 2020

The biography of Fyodor Petrovich (Ivanovich) Haaz (Friedrich Joseph Laurentius Haass) (1780 - 1853) - Moscow doctor (1806 - 1853), a German origin, scientist, public health administrator, an outstanding humanist doctor of the first half of the 19th century, a philanthropist, known as the "Holy doctor", is showed in the article. Court Advisor (1811), College Counselor (1826), Knight of the Order of St. Vladimir of the fourth degree (1811), Order of St. Anna of the 2nd degree (181?) of The Russian Impire. A doctor in the army during the Patriotic War of 1812 (from January 1814), head physician of the Moscow Pavlovsk Hospital (1807-1812, 1814-1825), Head of the Moscow Medical Office (1825-1826), one of the founders of the Moscow Eye Hospital (1826), a member of the Moscow Prison Committee and the head doctor of Moscow prisons (1826-1853), the head doctor of the Moscow Catherine Hospital (1840-1844), the founder and head doctor of the Moscow Police (later - Alexander) hospital, popularly called the "Haaz" (1844- 1853). One of the founders of Russian balneology and balneology, who made a great contribution to the development of climatology and meteorology, pioneer in the resorts in the North Caucasus (1809-1810). The creator of lightweight individual shackles, he achieved their introduction at the exile stages to replace the riveting to a common rod for 6-12 convicted. The development of deontology in the 19th century, a science that studies the ethical standards and principles of a doctor’s behavior, as well as certain responsibilities towards the patient, is inextricably linked to the name of Dr. F.P. Haaz [F. Haass]. The life and work of this outstanding humanist physician is a wonderful example of high morality in the fulfillment of his professional duties and genuine nobility in serving the sick and suffering people. The motto of Dr. Haass’ life and professional work was borrowed from the Apostle Paul: “Hurry to do good” (in Galatians (6: 9-10) and in the second letter to The Thessalonians (3:13)). At present, the process of beatification has begun - the canonical process of classifying F. Haass as a blessed Catholic church.
Hydrogeology of Crystal Rocks in the Planning and Construction of Underground Structures
Authors: Höfer-Öllinger Giorgio
Published: January 2020

Underground excavations usually have a significant impact on hydrogeological runoff. Water seepage affects underground construction and the long-term behaviour of the structure. The flow paths can be altered by underground activity and the spring areas can become infiltration zones. Concerning the healthy massif, permeabilities near a cavity can increase or decrease. The increase in permeability through excavations in an environment of shear stress and associated water inlets, have a lapse, which can lead to problems in mechanized tunnels when falling below a critical feed rate. When a rock mass is drained, deformations occur, which are reflected in surface settlements; the drainage of the massif causes changes in the physical parameters and the chemical composition of the groundwater. The characteristics of the leaks found in tunnels and drains do not reflect the state of the unaffected groundwater. Numerous parameters in the forecast can lead to over- or underestimations of the actual flow rates of water seepage. In addition to a forecast, it is recommended to carry out sensitivity and risk analyses, in particular to exceeding the value of the forecast and when assessing environmental compatibility, the worst possible scenario
A methodology for automatic ramp design in open pit mines
Authors: Espejo N. , Nancel-Penard Pierre , Morales N.
Published: January 2020

The design of ramps in open pit mining is a complex problem that, even though it has a great impact in the value of a project, does not rely on optimization tools as other problems like the computation of nested pits or direct block scheduling.In this paper, we present a methodology for the design of open pit ramps that aims to assist the design of open pit phases. The methodology is based on mathematical programming and suggest the location and design of a ramp for a reference pushback given as input, then considers constraints like interramp angles, decline and with of the ramp and generates and generates a new puchback with the highest possible value and on a second stage it applies an interpolation algorithm to produce an actual profile of the phase. This work focuses on this second, algorithmic part to show that the interpolation algorithm can generate profiles that are very close to the optimal ones, generated by the mathematical model, and therefore together they provide a viable procedure for automatic pit design in open pit mines.
Economic potential of new ore products in processing plant operations: A case study from midsize prospects, Atacama Chile
Authors: Silva Juan Daniel , Toledo Patricio , Holzmann Daniela
Published: January 2020

This paper proposes a methodology to evaluate the economic potential of mining prospects with a 'multi-product' approach. The National Mining Company (ENAMI) is a Chilean producer traditionally engaged in copper, silver and gold production and commercialization. Using this methodology it has been possible to identify other commodities with greater geological, market and technological potential. Prospects studied were valued using economic-mining criteria such as the cut-off grade, marginal cut-off grade and equivalent grade. In this work, thirteen commodities were analyzed and seven of them stand out: molybdenum, lithium, iron, bismuth, tungsten, rare earths (REE) and titanium. For every commodity, it is essential to know the geological characteristics of the prospect, the mining and processing technologies, the purchase point closest to the prospect and the market for these commodities. The sources of information are public bodies specialized in these matters, such as the National Geology and Mining Service, SERNAGEOMIN; the Chilean Copper Commission, COCHILCO. Sixteen ENAMI prospects were valued based on the proposed methodology and six of them presented the greatest economic potential: Salado Norte, Cerro Negro, Pazota, Pastenes, Laura–Laurita and Carmen Sur
Red mud particle adsorbent and its adsorption mechanism for phosphate ion
Authors: Li Longjiang , Zhang Qin
Published: January 2020

There is a large amount of phosphorus in the flotation tailwater of phosphate (PW), which will cause eutrophication of water body if discharged directly, effective removal of phosphorus is of great importance in prevention of eutrophication. In this article, we report a Non-thermally activated red mud particle adsorbent (ARMPA) for removal of phosphate, the main mineral components were hematite, calcite, oolitic chlorite, katenite and calcium nepheline and the adsorbent was found to have a pH 9.25, a specific surface area of 40.54 m2/g, a pore volume of 2.10 cm3/g, a compressive strength of 1.31 KPa, and an immersion pulverization rate of 3.72% at 24 h. This adsorbent can be used to adsorb phosphate ions (P) in PW. When the initial total phosphorus (TP) concentration was 156.7 mg/L, the amount of ARMPA was 4 g/L, and the adsorption time was 10 h, the adsorption capacity and removal efficiency of the TP were 38.46 mg/g and 98.17%, respectively. The zeta potential, XRF, SEM, FT-IR,and XPS analysis showed that when pH 8~9, P mainly existed in the form of HPO42- and PO43-. These ions reacted with Ca2+/Na+/Al3+/Mg2+, etc., and formed strong chemical bonds through surface deposition and ion exchange, which then distributed on the inner surface of the ARMPA channels. The adsorption of TP by ARMPA accords with the pseudo-first-order dynamics model, and the Langmuir model can better describe the adsorption process. Phosphorus, fluorine and other toxicity indicators in the tail water after adsorption have reached the standard requirements. After adsorption of phosphate material, it is equivalent to using phosphoric acid tailwater to comprehensively modify alkaline red mud, so as to achieve the purpose of treating waste with waste
Cultivating Islam Nusantara in Indonesia’s Pesantrens: a Promising Deradicalisation Strategy?
Authors: Sarhindi Irfan L
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate to what extent the cultivation of discourse of Islam Nusantara in Indonesia‘s pesantren. This is a qualitative research. The method of collecting data is through documentation. The research finding showed that Pesantrens had proven themselves to be the fortress of cultural Islam. They have maintained the moderate face of Indonesian Islam. Their flexibility has shown as useful when Islamic education is the concern. However, the use of media as the source of Islamic knowledge has a certain degree that
Signcryption Based Security for PSO-GD Localization in WSN
Authors:   Tiruchirappalli Engineering College, Tiruchirappalli (Tamil Nadu), India., Latha* Dr. R. , Prabakar Dr. T. N. ,   Tiruchirappalli Engineering College, Tiruchirappalli (Tamil Nadu), India.
Published: January 2020

A signcryption based security for localization using PSO-GD algorithm in WSN is proposed which combines particle swarm optimization (PSO) and gradient decent (GD) methods for secure localization. Initially, the beacon node signcrypt the message with the keys and broadcasted the information to the surrounding nodes so as to enable receiver to identify the sender. Then the received location information is unsigncrypted by each unknown sensor node and verified. If the unsignsryption is performed successfully, the unknown node accepts the message, otherwise discarded. From the location information gathered, the unknown node estimates its location coordinates through PSO-GD localization algorithm.
Improved Fuzzy Clustering (IFC) and Correlation Based user Threshold Selection with TRI-Branch for Finger Vein Recognition
Authors:   Muthayammal College of Engineering, Rasipuram (Tamil Nadu), India., Kumar* K. Santhosh , Maheswari D. ,   Muthayammal College of Engineering, Rasipuram (Tamil Nadu), India.
Published: January 2020

During the process of template matching with regard to finger vein identification, the probe used will get permitted only when the count of its vein points overlapping with the registered client is higher compared to the predetermined threshold. But, the admittance might be incorrect due to the neglect of the structure of the vein pattern. In the earlier works, the extraction of the vein structure (tri-branch) is done out of the vein pattern, and then combined with the entire vein pattern using a user-oriented threshold dependent filter setup. It renders a greater value of false acceptances, due to the User-oriented Threshold obtained from filter. In the step of branch tracking, the closest points are falsely detected, and therefore few tracking algorithms are needed. In order to resolve this, user-specific Threshold is generated on the basis of the correlation filter based selection combined with genetic algorithm. In the step of branch tracking, the closest points between the samples are decided by using the improved fuzzy clustering algorithm. It is observed that the local branches of the vein close to the segregation point of the vein pattern differ hugely from the fake pictures. The results of experiment carried out on two publicly available databases show the efficiency obtained of the novel design for boosting the performance achieved with respect to vein pattern based finger vein identification.
Sociological and Mathematical Models as Tools of Social Processes Applied Sociological Research
Authors:   Candidate of Sociological Sciences Perm State University (Perm State National Research University), Russian Federation, Perm, Bulatetskaya Alena Yurievna
Published: January 2020

The methodological aspects of building sociological and mathematical models as tools of applied sociological research of social phenomena and processes in the conditions of the information society have been elaborated on in the article. The role of modelling method in social cognition, forms of social phenomena and processes, issues of building models of social processes, approaches to constructing their models, criteria for systematization of mathematical models of social processes have been considered. The analysis of the problem of using the modelling method in sociology has been carried out, the definition of the concept of "descriptive-information model" has been presented. The methods used to classify the use of mathematical means in sociology, including stochastic models for social processes, deterministic models for social processes, models of structure and models of human behavior, have been defined. The technology of computer modeling, which acts in modern conditions as an alternative to mathematical models in sociology, has been considered. There is a gap in mathematical and formal sociology between models and empirical analysis. A sociological and mathematical model of the process of information interaction based on fuzzy cognitive modeling has been presented, which allows to formalize and take into account the subjective characteristics of the participants of communication in social systems whose assessment has verbal expression.
Probabilistic spike propagation for FPGA implementation of spiking neural networks
Authors: Nallathambi Abinand , Chandrachoodan Nitin
Published: January 2020

The results presented in the paper are based on simulations on benchmark spiking neural networks. The methodology is described in the paper.
Robust Morph-Detection at Automated Border Control Gate using Deep Decomposed 3D Shape & Diffuse Reflectance
Authors: Singh Jag Mohan
Published: January 2020

Face recognition is widely employed in Automated Border Control (ABC) gates, which verify the face image on passport or electronic Machine Readable Travel Document (eMTRD) against the captured image to confirm the identity of the passport holder. In this paper, we present a robust morph detection algorithm that is based on differential morph detection. The proposed method decomposes the bona fide image captured from the ABC gate and the digital face image extracted from the eMRTD into the diffuse reconstructed image and a quantized normal map. The extracted features are further used to learn a linear classifier (SVM) to detect a morphing attack based on the assessment of differences between the bona fide image from the ABC gate and the digital face image extracted from the passport. Owing to the availability of multiple cameras within an ABC gate, we extend the proposed method to fuse the classification scores to generate the final decision on morph-attack-detection. To validate our proposed algorithm, we create a morph attack database with overall 588 images, where bona fide are captured in an indoor lighting environment with a Canon DSLR Camera with one sample per subject and correspondingly images from ABC gates. We benchmark our proposed method with the existing state-of-the-art and can state that the new approach significantly outperforms previous approaches in the ABC gate scenario.
Vigilancia en Salud Pública de la Comunidad de Madrid. Semana 2. Año 2020
Authors: Consejería de Sanidad Dirección General de Salud Pública.
Published: January 2020

Enfermedades de declaración obligatoria. Brotes epidémicos.
Vigilancia de la gripe. Vigilancia de las crisis asmáticas.
Efectos del frío en la salud.
Person-to-person transmission of microbes in a nursing home serving patients in a persistent vegetative state
Authors: Wang Yu-Lan , Fan Kuo-Sheng , Tsai Hui-Ju , Cheng Chin-Yu , Tang Chia-Kai , Chen Ying-Yan , Huang Hsin-Tzu , Yeh Jen-Ho , Chiang Chuen-Sheue
Published: January 2020

Background: A probable outbreak of respiratory disease in a nursing home serving exclusively patients in a persistent vegetative state (PVS) resulted in hospitalization of
eight patients.
Methods: Microbes from all PVS patients’ respiratory tracks and environments were surveyed by microbiological methods. Major pathogenic microbes were analyzed by
pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).
Results: 24 PVS patients were investigated. Half were colonized with at least four different pathogenic microbes in their respiratory tracts. The most prevalent microbes
were Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 15 patients (62.5%), Serratia marcescens in 14 (58.3%), Citrobacter koseri in nine (37.5%), Streptococcus pneumoniae in six (25%), and
Proteus mirabilis in five (20.8%). By PFGE analysis, one major pulsotype each was identified for S. marcescens (92.9%, 13/14) and S. pneumoniae (100%, 6/6), whereas
diverse pulsotypes were identified for P. aeruginosa, C. koseri, and P. mirabilis. Both major pulsotypes for S. marcescens and S. pneumoniae were also found in strains from
patients outside the nursing home. No environmental reservoir was found for prevalent microbes.
Conclusions: Clonal transmission of S. marcescens and S. pneumoniae among PVS patients in the nursing home was evident, indicating a need to enforce control
measures to reduce threats to this type of facility.
Investigation of Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile in a community hospital in Southern Ontario, Canada
Authors: Metcalf Devon , Clayborne Robert , James Wendy , Mallia Gabriella , Rousseau Joyce , Skinner Melissa , TarBush John , Weese J Scott
Published: January 2020

Background: In response to Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile infections (CDI), infection prevention and control practices in hospital settings tend to focus on symptomatic patients, potentially neglecting other sources of C. difficile. The purpose of the study was to identify epidemiological connections between C. difficile positive patients to explore the possibility of transmission occurring. This would allow an assessment of IPAC practices to ensure resources were being optimized and targeted to the most appropriate strategies to prevent transmission.
Methods: C. difficile was isolated and characterized from 125 patient stool specimens. Isolates were subjected to toxin profiling and ribotyping. Patient locations in the
hospital were mapped and epidemiological connections between patients with the same C. difficile ribotype were assessed.
Results: A total of 47 distinct ribotypes were identified, with the most common being ribotype 027/NAP1. Of the 41 cases identified as hospital-associated, only four
(9.8%) of the cases could be epidemiologically linked to another patient with known CDI.
Conclusions: A small minority of hospital-associated infections were found to have an epidemiological link to another known case of CDI suggesting transmission from
known cases is rare. This suggested that current IPAC practices were effective in preventing transmission from symptomatic patients, but other sources of C. difficile are
potentially unrecognized.
Assessment of the infection prevention and control learning needs of Ottawa community-based healthcare providers
Authors: Cadieux Geneviève , Bhatnagar Abha , Schindeler Tamara , Prematunge Chatura , Perron Donna , Willmore Jacqueline
Published: January 2020

Background: Under the Health Protection and Promotion Act and Infection Prevention and Control (IPAC) Complaint Protocol, Ontario public health units are mandated
to respond to IPAC complaints about community-based clinical offices. From 2015 to 2018, Ottawa Public Health noted a seven-fold increase in IPAC complaints involving
medical and dental settings. In response, we sought to assess the IPAC learning needs of our community-based healthcare providers. Specifically, our objectives were to
assess: 1) clinical practice characteristics, 2) current IPAC practices, 3) IPAC knowledge, 4) barriers/facilitators to adherence to IPAC best practices, and 5) preferred IPAC
professional development activities.
Methods: An anonymous online survey targeting Ottawa community-based healthcare providers was disseminated through multiple methods including through Ottawa
Public Health’s (OPH) subscription-based e-bulletin to physicians. The short survey questionnaire included Likert-scale, multiple choice, and open-ended questions. Data
collection began in August 2018; a descriptive analysis was conducted using data extracted on January 19, 2019.
Results: Our findings suggest that medical respondents may not be as aware of IPAC practices in their clinic as dental respondents were. Familiarity with IPAC best practice
documents was also higher among dental respondents, as compared to medical respondents. IPAC knowledge-testing questions revealed that more medical than dental
respondents knew the appropriate use of multi-dose vials, and that few medical respondents knew the IPAC best practices for point-of-care glucose monitoring equipment.
Respondents recognized the importance of adhering to IPAC best practices to prevent healthcare-associated infections; however, lack of evidence and cost were selfreported barriers to adherence to IPAC best practices. Over half of all medical and dental respondents surveyed were interested in a voluntary audit of their IPAC practices
to help meet their IPAC professional development needs.
Conclusions: Findings from this needs assessment helped describe current IPAC practices and knowledge, identify barriers and facilitators to adherence to IPAC best
practices, and understand the learning preferences of Ottawa community-based healthcare providers. This information will be instrumental in planning future IPAC
capacity-building activities and tailoring these activities to specific professional groups in Ottawa and potentially beyond.
TEKNIK TEKNIK PROPAGANDA POLITIK JALALUDIN RAKHMAT
Authors: Zakiyuddin Ahmad
Published: January 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami teknik-teknik propaganda Politik Jalaluddin Rakhmat dalam kampanye pemilu tahun 2014. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi kasus. Pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam, studi dokumentasi dan observasi lapangan. Teori yang digunakan adalah Teori Interaksionalisme Simbolik dan Teori Dramaturgis.

Hasil penelitian menunjukan Jalaluddin Rakhmat menggunakan berbagai tekhnik propaganda Politik dalam komunikasi politiknya yaitu sebagai berikut : (1). Penjulukan (name calling) yaitu memberi nama jelek kepada pihak lain; (2). Iming-Iming (glittering generalities) yaitu menggunakan kata-kata yang muluk,slogan-slogan, dan memutar balikan fakta; (3).transfer, yaitu melakukan identifikasi dengan lembaga-lembaga otoritas; (4).Testimonial yaitu pengulangan ucapan orang yang dihormati atau yang dibenci untuk mempromosikan atau meremehkan suatu maksud; (5). Merakyat (Plain foks) yaitu menempatkan diri sebagai bagian dari rakyat; (6). Menumpuk kartu (Card Stacking) yaitu memilih dengan teliti pernyataan yang akurat dan logis; dan (7). Gerobak Musik (bandwagon), yaitu mendorong Khalayak untuk bersama-sama orang banyak bergerak untuk mencapai tujuan atau kemenangan yang pasti.
MEMBANGUN KEBIJAKAN PUBLIK UNGGUL DI ERA DEMOKRASI
Authors: Nugroho Riant
Published: January 2020

The superiority of a nation is increasingly determined by the Government's ability of the nation to produce superior policies. The era of Indonesian democracy since the 1998 Reformation has not yet promised a public policy blow. The question is how to build capacity to build superior public policy. The answer is offered in the form of Ten Principles (also called "Laws") of Public Policy. They are ?Public?, ? A Point of No Return?, ?Great, not Good?, ?Management, not politics?, ?Moral, not technical?, ? A system, not units?, ?A Gift?, ?Honor?, ?Glorify�, and ?Learning?. The performing policy in various places, at various times, in various governments were cored on the principles, and it will be in the next future.
KESIAPSIAGAAN MENGHADAPI BENCANA BERBASIS SEKOLAH
Authors: Heri Heri , Caesar Ridwan
Published: January 2020

Masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah belum optimalnya kesiapsiagaan masyarakat dalam menghadapi bencana berbasis sekolah di Kecamatan Lembang Kabupaten Bandung Barat. Padahal, Provinsi Jawa Barat termasuk Kabupaten Bandung Barat merupakan daerah dengan tingkat kerawanan terhadap bencana yang cukup tinggi. Hal ini disebabkan sesar aktif Lembang yang membentang sepanjang 22 Kilometer (Km) dari Maribaya, Cibodas hingga Cisarua di utara Kecamatan Padalarang Kabupaten Bandung Barat. Sesar aktif tergolong kepada sesar normal dan menimpan potensi ancaman gempa dengan kekuatan 6,7 SR. Sesar aktif Lembang pernah menyebabkan gempa bumi dalam beberapa tahun terakhir ini yaitu pada tahun 2003 dan 2011, serta menyebabkan bencana longsor pada tahun 2015 dan 2016. Tahapan riset yang dilakukan diantaranya dengan mengidentifikasi berbagai permasalahan terkait dengan tema, mengidentifikasi data kondisi geografis, data demografis, serta observasi, wawancara, studi dokumentasi dan diskusi kelompok terfokus. Adapun metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah penelitian tindakan (action research) dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian diharapkan menghasilkan model kesiapsiagaan menghadapi bencana berbasis sekolah. Hal ini menjadi penting mengingat dengan dengan kesiapsiagaan menghadapi bencana, dimungkinkan secara preventif untuk meminimalkan potensi kerugian yang lebih besar ketika bencana itu terjadi.
PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DALAM MEMBAYAR PAJAK BUMI DAN BANGUNAN (PBB) DI KELURAHAN KARANGPANIMBAL KECAMATAN PURWAHARJA KOTA BANJAR
Authors: Andriani Mira
Published: January 2020

Berdasarkan hasil observasi ditemukan bahwa masih terdapat wajib pajak yang belum membayar pajak, sementara itu data yang didapat peneliti dari Kantor Kelurahan bahwa pelunasan Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan (PBB) sudah tercapai target.

Adapun penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam dari informan yang telah ditentukan dan dilakukan secara terus menerus sampai datanya jenuh.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Partisipasi Masyarakat Dalam Membayar Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan di Kelurahan Karangpanimbal Kecamatan Purwaharja Kota Banjar belum optimal. Diantaranya dapat dipengaruhi oleh faktor ekonomi dan juga terdapat tanah guntai. Keterlibatan wajib pajak untuk aktif membayar pajakpun masih lemah, disebabkan oleh tidak adanya sanksi tegas dari Pemerintah Kelurahan bagi yang belum maupun terlambat membayar pajak.
RENCANA AKSI NASIONAL BELA NEGARA
Authors: Subagyo Agus
Published: January 2020

This article aims to explain the 2018-2019 state defense action plan in Presidential Instruction No. 7 of 2018 which mandates all ministries, non-ministerial government agencies, and local governments to take action to defend the country through three stages, namely the stages of socialization, internalization, and movement action. The dilution of the state defense action plan at the central government level has been very active, however, at the level of the reverent regional government it has not yet been felt, especially with the existence of regional autonomy where the central government is not necessarily able to "control" the regional government, so that all this needs attention parties, to see the perspective of the regional government in implementing the state defense action plan.
PERBEDAAN KEBIJAKAN PERTAHANAN PARTAI BURUH AUSTRALIA ERA PEMERINTAHAN HAWKE-KEATING DAN KEVIN RUDD
Authors: Tahitu Febe Maryona
Published: January 2020

Pasca PD II Australia mencari sandaran negara besar pengganti Inggris dalam politik pertahanannya. Di dalam Defence White Paper 2009 era Kevin Rudd, Australia menyatakan bahwa kebijakan pertahanan yang baru salah satunya adalah Self-Reliance yang intinya adalah kebijakan yang mengarah pada pertahanan kedaulatan dengan berdasarkan prinsip kemandirian. Defence White Paper 2009 ini sangat berbeda dari kebijakan pertahanan Partai Buruh sebelumnya era Pemerintahan Hawke-Keating. Dalam hal ini, arah kebijakan dalam Defence White Paper 1987 dan Defending Australia 1994 adalah memprioritaskan aliansi dengan Amerika Serikat. Sejak Perang Dunia II, setelah �terlepas� dari Inggris. Pandangan strategis dan perencanaan pertahanan Australia dibentuk atas perubahan lingkungan internasional serta distribusi kekuatan global, khususnya keunggulan strategis Amerika Serikat. Amerika Serikat telah memainkan peran stabilitator di seluruh dunia dan khususnya di kawasan Asia-Pasifik. Hubungan pertahanan Australia dan Amerika Serikat yang sudah terjalin lama dan berlangsung harmonis, hal ini memberikan dampak bagi kebijakan pertahanan Australia. Artinya bahwa Amerika Serikat selalu menjadi dasar pilihan dalam setiap kebijakan pertahanan Australia. �Ketergantungan� dengan Negara besar membawa Australia pada citra sebagai �pihak asing� di kawasan Asia.
PERAN KEPALA DISTRIK DALAM MENGOPTIMALKAN PENYELENGGARAAN PEMERINTAHAN KELURAHAN PADA DISTRIK MALADOM MES KOTA SORONG
Authors: Timisela Vinsentya N.S
Published: January 2020

Penelitan dengan judul � Peran Kepala Distirk Dalam Mengoptimalkan Penyelenggaraan Pemerintahan Kelurahan Pada Distrik Maladom Mes Kota Sorong� dilakukan untuk mendapatkan gambaran tentang peran Kepala Distrik Maladom Mes Kota Sorong dalam mengoptimalkan pelaksanaan pemerintahan di keempat kelurahan di wilayah Distrik Maladom Mes dalam hal tertib administrasi, dan tertib aparat kelurahan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif, melalui observasi lapangan, studi dokumen, dan wawancara yang melibatkan 6 (enam) informan yang dipilih sebagai sampel penelitian dengan teknik purposive sampling.

Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa peran sebagai pembina dan pengawas penyelenggaraan pemerintahan pada keempat kelurahan di Distrik Maladom Mes yang dijalankan oleh Kepala Distrik dapat mengoptimalkan penyelenggaraan pemerintahan di keempat kelurahan dalam hal peningkatan tertib administrasi, disiplin pegawai, keteraturan koordinasi, dan peningkatan pelayanan publik. Saran penelitian ini bagi Pemerintah Distrik Maladom Mes adalah perlu diadakannya suatu kegiatan pelatihan atau pembinaan di tingkat Distrik secara berkala, berkesinambungan dan teratur tentang tata kelola kearsipan dengan cara pemutakhiran data dan informasi pemerintahan untuk dilakukan sehingga dapat menunjang fungsi kelurahan sebagai basis data kependudukan di jenjang pemerintahan yang lebih tinggi.
Leaders, Perception, and Foreign Policy
Authors: Rongkas Cristiyunisca R. , Sulaiman Yohanes
Published: January 2020

How and why images that states and their leaders have toward others change in foreign policy? Literature on psychology, notably on confirmation bias, state that in general, people stick with preconceived ideas that they have in their mind, and they always accept information that support their beliefs, while reject information that contradicts them.[1] And confirmation bias, in turn, affects how a state conducts its foreign policy � that in general, there will always be continuation in a state�s foreign policy, unless there is a systemic shock, caused by dramatic changes in the power distribution.
POLA HUBUNGAN PATRONASE DALAM BIROKRASI PEMERINTAHAN DAERAH KOTA BANDUNG
Authors: Sufianto Dadang , Subagyo Agus , Setiawan Agustina
Published: January 2020

Judul penelitian ini adalah �Pola Hubungan Patronase Dalam Birokrasi Pemerintahan Daerah Kota Bandung.� Tujuannya, 1) mengetahui keberadaan pola hubungan patronase dalam birokrasi pemerintahan daerah Kota Bandung, 2) mengetahui latar belakang keberadaan pola hubungan patronase tersebut, dan 3) mengetahui dampak pola hubungan patronase terhadap kinerja pemerintah daerah.

Penelitian ini dirancang dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasilnya yaitu: 1) terdapat pola hubungan patronase dalam birokrasi pemerintahan daerah Kota Bandung antara walikota dengan para pejabat tertentu; 2) keberadaan pola hubungan patronase dalam birokrasi pemerintahan daerah Kota Bandung tersebut dilatar-belakangi faktor kesamaan almamater, faktor politik berupa penyelenggaraan pilkada langsung, dan faktor kinerja pegawai; 3) keberadaan pola hubungan patronase dalam birokrasi pemerintahan daerah Kota Bandung tidak berdampak negatif terhadap pencapaian kinerja pemda.

Beranjak dari kesimpulan tersebut, peneliti mengajukan konsep berupa: "pola hubungan patronase dalam birokrasi pemerintahan daerah tidak berdampak negatif terhadap capaian kinerja pemerintah daerah, jika kepala daerah dapat mengelolanya secara hati-hati dan normatif."
DINAMIKA SENTRALISASI DAN DESENTRALISASI DI INDONESIA
Authors: Nuradhawati Rira
Published: January 2020

Sentralisasi dan desentralisasi adalah dua istilah yang tidak lagi asing di telinga kita saat ini. Dalam praktik kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara, sentralisasi dan desentralisasi adalah sebuah kontium. Karena tidak ada sebuah negara yang secara penuh hanya menggunakan azas sentralisasi saja dalam penyelenggaraan pemerintahannya. Sebaliknya juga tidak mungkin penyelenggaraan pemerintahan hanya didasarkan pada azas desentralisasi saja.

Sentralisasi adalah memusatkan seluruh wewenang kepada sejumlah kecil manajer atau yang berada di posisi puncak pada suatu struktur organisasi. Sentralisasi banyak digunakan pada pemerintahan lama di Indonesia sebelum adanya otonomi daerah. Sedangkan desentralisasi dapat diartikan sebagai pengalihan tanggung jawab, kewenangan, dan sumber-sumber daya (dana, manusia dan lain-lain) dari pemerintah pusat ke pemerintah daerah.

Berubahnya sentralisasi menjadi desentralisasi membawa perubahan dalam sistem pemerintahan diantaranya Pilkada langsung dan Pemilu Presiden. Meskipun dirasa sebagai perubahan ke arah positif tetap saja timbul nada pesimis dan pandangan negatif dari berbagai kalangan tentang pelaksanaan pilkada di Indonesia tidak meniadakan arti pentingnya institusi ini dalam konsolidasi demokrasi di era desentralisasi ini.
Konflik Sunni-Syiah Pasca Arab Spring: Menelusuri Motif Politik Dibalik Perang Berkepanjangan di Suriah
Authors: Tasnur Irvan , Wati Fitra Widya
Published: January 2020

Perang Suriah adalah salah satu konflik berkepanjangan yang telah berlangsung selama delapan tahun lamanya. Sulitnya menemukan titik damai menjadi penyebab kandasnya usaha pengentasan konflik di negara tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelusuri motif dibalik terjadinya peperangan di negara Suriah menggunakan pendekatan Historis. Hasil telaah dan analisis didapatkan bahwa Suriah sebagai negara sekular, memisahkan antara kehidupan bernegara dan beragama, selain itu Suriah juga merupakan negara etnoreligius yang damai sebelum perang merusak sendi-sendi kehidupan di sana. Bashar al Assad sebagai presiden Suriah memeluk ajaran Syiah sekte Awali yang merupakan sekte minoritas di Suriah, pengangkatannya dan juga ayahnya didukung oleh sebagian besar tokoh militer yang bermazhab Sunni. Pemaparan di atas jelas menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan mazhab antara Sunni dan Syiah di Suriah bukan menjadi penyebab utama terjadinya perang yang panjang. Lebih dalam lagi, hasil analisis menunjukkan terdapat berbagai kelompok yang bertikai di negara tersebut yaitu kelompok Pemerintah Suriah, Pasukan Demokratik Suriah (Rojava, SDF, QFD), Negara Islam Irak dan Syam (ISIS), Jabhat al-Nusra, dan Oposisi Suriah. Sulitnya penyelesaian konflik yang terjadi diSuriah bukan hanya disebabkan oleh banyaknya kelompok interen yang bertikai dan memiliki tujuan serta kepentingan masing�masing, namun hal ini semakin diperparah juga oleh adanya keterlibatan negara-negara lain seperti Rusia, Arab Saudi, Iran, Israel, Turki, Amerikan, Ingris dan Prancis yang membawa berbagai macam motif dan kepentingan, hal inilah yang menyebabkan sulitnya tercipta konsensus yang mengarah kepada perdamaian di Suriah.
DIALEKTIKA KONSEP DYNAMIC GOVERNANCE
Authors: Rahmatunnisa Mudiyati
Published: January 2020

Era milenial telah berkonsekuensi pada lahirnya berbagai perubahan yang begitu cepat. Pada gilirannya, Pemerintah dituntut untuk mampu beradaptasi dan merespon perubahan tersebut agar mampu memfasilitasi kesejahteraan dan pembangunan ekonomi yang berkelanjutan. Dalam konteks inilah pemerintahan yang dinamis (dynamic governance ) menjadi sentral dalam menjawa tantangan yang dihadapi oleh pemerintah saat ini. Apa yang dimaksud dengan konsep dynamic governance? Mengapa konsep ini penting? Bagaimana prakteknya yang efektif? Artikel ini akan mencoba mendiskusikan jawaban atas pertanyaan- pertanyaan tersebut.
MEKANISME PENANGGULANGAN BENCANA ALAM OLEH PALANG MERAH INDONESIA (PMI) KABUPATEN BANDUNG
Authors: Oktaviani Jusmalia , Sari Suwarti , Akbar Taufan Herdansyah
Published: January 2020

Indonesia adalah negara yang rentan terhadap berbagai jenis bencana alam. Berbagai daerah di Indonesia mengalami hal tersebut, termasuk Provinsi Jawa Barat khususnya Kabupaten Bandung yang wilayahnya sangat rawan mengalami banjir, longsor, serta gempa. Mekanisme pemberian bantuan serta penanggulangan bencana sangat penting untuk dilaksanakan dengan cepat dan tepat untuk menghindari jatuhnya korban jiwa. Salah satu lembaga yang memiliki wewenang untuk menyalurkan bantuan kemanusiaan adalah Palang Merah Indonesia, yang mana dalam penelitian ini difokuskan pada Palang Merah Indonesia Kabupaten Bandung.
PELAYANAN ADMINISTRATIF BAGI MASYARAKAT DI KECAMATAN GALANG KOTA BATAM
Authors: Ladon Karol Teovani , Putra Bobby Mandala
Published: January 2020

This study aims to analyze administrative service efforts provided and constraints faced by Galang District. The results of the study indicate that efforts in administrative services include: submitting application files through (entrusted) to the local kelurahan, file storage through providers of pompong, joint ceremonies and meetings at the beginning of each month (first and second week), providing official housing around sub-district complexes, files can be submitted at the official residence of the employee outside of service hours and socialization has been carried out to improve understanding of service information. This condition shows that there is an interaction between the community and the apparatus in finding a shared solution related to services that can benefit. The obstacles faced include: first, inadequate internet network and only re-installed at the beginning of 2018. Secondly, electricity which still relies on generators and is only affordable by PLN at the end of 2018. Thirdly, damaged E-KTP recording devices so the community must move to the nearest sub-district to do the recording. Fourth, the lack of public understanding of the service system concerning the terms and procedures that must be passed so that the assumption arises that the service is difficult. This has an impact on the comfort and speed of service. The low level of public understanding of the service system is the responsibility of the apparatus to translate it so that it is easily understood.
Uji Aktifitas Antikoagulan Ekstrak Alkaloid Total Daun Alpukat (Persea americana Mill) Secara In Vitro
Authors: Rohmah Martina Kurnia , Fickri Djelang Zainuddin , Damasari Karina Putri , Azis Rosidi , Wahyuni Khurin In
Published: January 2020

Sistem hemostasis yang tidak seimbang akan menyebabkan kelainan patologis. Kelainan patologis yang dapat terjadi yaitu perdarahan spontan karena darah tidak dapat membeku, atau terbentuknya trombus jika koagulasi berlebihan. Salah satu obat yang digunakan untuk mengatasi kelainan tersebut adalah penggunaan obat antikoagulan. Alkaloid diketahui memiliki aktivitasabtikoagulan dengan menghambat jalur koagulasi secara ekstrinsik dan intrinsik melalui penghambatan produksi Fxa, trombin dan menghambat TNF-λ yang diinduksi oleh PAI-1. Daun alpukat memiliki sejumlah kandungan alkaloid yang belum banyak diketahui efek farmakologisnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peranan alkaloid total ekstrak Daun Alpukat (Persea americana Mill) sebagai antikoagulan. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian experimental control study dengan menggunakan kontrol positif (darah + heparin) dan kontrol negatif (darah + etanol). Alkaloid yang telah dipisahkan dari ekstrak etanol daun alpukat dibuat larutan dengan 3 varian kosentrasi yaitu 0,1 mg/ml, 0,5 mg/ml dan 1 mg/ml. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara melihat nilai persen (%) inhibisi koagulasi yang dilihat dari nilai CT dengan metode Lee and White. Hasil analisis statistik dengan SPSS dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa data berdistribusi tidak normal (Shapiro Wilk, P < 0,05) dan ada beda dengan kontrol positif dan negatif ( Kruskal Wallis P = 0,009). Dari hasil analisis uji pengaruh menunjukkan bahwa pemberian alkaloid total ekstrak daun alpukat dengan kosentrasi 0,1 mg/ml, 0,5 mg/ml dan 1mg/ml memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap % inhibisi koagulasi yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai Fhitung = 6,694 (Fhitung > Ftabel) dan P = 0,019 (P < 0,05). Hasil uji korelasi menunjukan bahwa hubungan antar kosentrasi bernilai positif namun hubungan tersebut dalam kategori lemah yang ditunjukan dalam nilai koefisien korelasi 0,145 dan signifikansi sebesar 0,303. Penelitian ini telah menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak alkaloid total daun alpukat memiliki pengaruh terhadap aktivitas antikoagulan.
Wasiat Rasulullah Kepada Ali bin Abi Thalib Dalam Naskah Washiyyatu al-Mustafa (Edisi Teks dan Terjemahan)
Authors: Ibrahim Arif , Darsa Undang Ahmad , Ma'mun Titin Nurhayati
Published: January 2020

This study discusses Waṣiyyah al-Muṣṭafa (WM) manuscript which contains the Prophet's will for Ali bin Abi Thalib. This manuscript is a single manuscript which written by Ahmad Thabibuddin using Sundanese. This manuscript obtained from people collection in Cianjur, West Java. The condition of the manuscript when it was found was quite good even though there were some damage such as torn, folded, and corrupt. This research used philology method, as for edition method of this research is standard edition. The purposes of this research is to produce text edition which is pure of written errors. So, it can be enjoyed by readers generally. In addition, this study aims to reveal the will of the Prophet to Ali bin Abi Thalib to become a daily lesson and practice of Muslims. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that this text consists opening section, contents section which includes 15 part, and closing section. Written errors only occurred in substitution and omission cases, the most cases occurred is substitution cases with percentage of 81.8%, while omission is only 18.1%, this shows the writing errors that occurred are mechanical and the author is not aware moreover intended to change it. The results showed that the Messenger of Allah willed about various aspects of life, both the scope of individuals such as honesty or social scope such as way in friends relationship. In addition, this will guides the relationship between humans and humans with their Lord.
Kidung Tunjung Biru: Metrum dan Makna yang Terkandung Di Dalamnya
Authors: Sumardika I Wayan Pande
Published: January 2020

This study uses Kidung Tunjung Biru as object. The problems raised in this study include structure and the meaning of Kidung Tunjung Biru. Theory which was employed in this study is a structural theory and semiotic theory. Methods and techniques used in this study were divided into three phases, (1) the stage of data collection method is used to read assisted with translation techniques, (2) the stage of data analysis used descriptive analysis method, and (3) the stage of presentation of the results of the analysis used informal and formal methods. The results obtained from this study is structure of Kidung Tunjung Biru consisting of: metrum and languages. The meaning contained in Kidung Tunjung Biru, consisting of: flowers in a symbolic;the expression of love; and the concept of kalepasan (unity of God and Human).
Viaje en el tiempo-espacio con Encarnación Tovar Pérez
Authors: Olaya Miguel Ángel
Published: January 2020

Documentos que influirán significativamente el movimiento de la música en cuanto a la gaita después de años en Bogotá, son los utilizados por Contreras en sucontinúa enseñando Tovar. Los estudiantes tuvieron la oportunidad de conocer más sobre esta leyenda Caribe, quienes en el momento no se menciona regularmente dentro de la escena musical.
Un nuevo sistema de comunicación teatral
Authors: Pacheco Omar
Published: January 2020

La búsqueda de Omar Pacheco concluyó en la creación de un sistema de comunicación diferente, opuesto al teatro tradicional y sustentado en los valores esenciales del hombre. No solo transgrede las formas convencionales establecidas, sino que busca la creación en la anarquía y en el desorden. En ese camino permanece hace más de 36 años por cuanto concibe un teatro que moviliza y transfiere una forma de comunicación con el objeto de modificar la actitud contemplativa y pasiva del espectador. No se puede renunciar a la libertad y a la belleza cuando se emprende la aventura del arte y, menos, al compromiso cotidiano, al riesgo y a los principios que justifican permanecer en La otra orilla. En el presente trabajo, Omar Pacheco explica su propuesta y despliega conceptos ideológicos, metodológicos y estético-narrativos.
El acto pedagógico de la memoria: diálogo con el pasado o monólogo del eterno retorno
Authors: Hernández Palencia Juan Carlos
Published: January 2020

El presente es el producto de un proceso de investigación. 1 En él se tomo como concepto base, la memoria, desde el cual se generó una reflexión en la cual se articulan las diversas formas como se manifiesta y la manera como se hace insumo de todo proceso pedagógico para el proceso de existencia; para ello se empleó las categorías que propone Tzvan Todorov, a partir de una perspectiva hermenéutica siempre vinculada con el asunto pedagógico como forma sustancial de aprender y convertir los acontecimientos de la memoria en formas consecuentes para el diario vivir del sujeto que recuerda.
La memoria de la piel: espejo que no calla
Authors: Osorio Yoni Alexánder
Published: January 2020

Las preocupaciones académicas hoy en día, no se concentran sólo en asuntos de orden estrictamente científico, permiten pensar con rigor universitario e investigativo asuntos del orden simbólico en la construcción de las realidades humanas, como los asuntos culturales, antropológicos y estéticos. Bajo esta licencia el articulo pretende aportar una reflexión sobre los asuntos que cargan a la ciudad de símbolos representativos de las múltiples realidades humanas; propone ver sus paredes, como una piel, que en sus cicatrices narra y guarda lamemoria de su historia no oficial, especialmente la de las mujeres excluidas del discurso social, convirtiéndose así en espejo de los elementos que las llevaron a su exclusión; ésta mirada a las paredes culmina con una construcción estética, basada en cinco paredes del municipio de Envigado que inspiraron cinco historias de  mujeres marginadas, convertidas en canción desde lo que su manifestación estética cuenta; para ello se apoya en varios autores que afincados en la literatura, sociología, antropología y filosofía, aportan teóricamente al reconocimiento de la importancia de este tipo de trabajos.
Aproximación a un ejercicio de apreciación de las intervenciones artísticas urbanas, bidimensionales, contemporáneas
Authors: Montoya Ramírez John Mario
Published: January 2020

El presente artículo propone un ejercicio de apreciación frente a las intervenciones artísticas de carácter bidimensional,  que en los últimos tiempos han sido protagonistas de los espacios de ciudad y la mainstream del arte, lo que trasciende los estigmas de clandestinidad y vandalismo, a partir de la relación que existe entre los procesos de construcción del arte en la contemporaneidad y los posibles elementos de valor que dichas intervenciones artísticas poseen.

doi:10.17632/k22ngtt737.4