bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategic Injustice and the 1984–85 Miners’ Strike in Scotland
Authors: Phillips Jim
Published: August 2022

Justice was sorely experienced by Scottish miners in the strike against pit closures and redundancies in 1984–85. In Scotland strikers were arrested by police officers at twice the rate of those in England and Wales and were three times more likely to be dismissed from employment by the National Coal Board. Analysis uses Gramsci as guide: Margaret Thatcher’s Conservative government was engaged in an anti-trade union war of position as well as a war of manoeuvre. In Scotland, despite the strike’s legality, police officers and NCB officials outmanoeuvred the strikers by criminalising and victimising their local leaders. Arrests and relatively innocuous public-order convictions were followed by punitive sackings which reinforced the government’s positional untruths about the strike. This targeted action was strategic: to defeat the strike; and weaken opposition to the closure of some collieries while intensifying production at others. The subsequent acceleration of deindustrialisation was a further injustice. In contributing to further political divergence within the UK, however, it provided a route to restorative justice for former strikers and their supporters in Scotland. In 2022 the Scottish Parliament provided a collective and posthumous pardon for more than 500 people with strike-related convictions in Scottish courts.
Fast and Furious: Energetic Tradeoffs and Scaling of High-Speed Foraging in Rorqual Whales
Authors: Gough William T , Cade David E , Czapanskiy Max F , Potvin Jean , Fish Frank E , Kahane-Rapport Shirel R , Savoca Matthew S , Bierlich K C , Johnston David W , Friedlaender Ari S , Szabo Andy , Bejder Lars , Goldbogen Jeremy A
Published: August 2022

Synopsis

Although gigantic body size and obligate filter feeding mechanisms have evolved in multiple vertebrate lineages (mammals and fishes), intermittent ram (lunge) filter feeding is unique to a specific family of baleen whales: rorquals. Lunge feeding is a high cost, high benefit feeding mechanism that requires the integration of unsteady locomotion (i.e., accelerations and maneuvers); the impact of scale on the biomechanics and energetics of this foraging mode continues to be the subject of intense study. The goal of our investigation was to use a combination of multi-sensor tags paired with UAS footage to determine the impact of morphometrics such as body size on kinematic lunging parameters such as fluking timing, maximum lunging speed, and deceleration during the engulfment period for a range of species from minke to blue whales. Our results show that, in the case of krill-feeding lunges and regardless of size, animals exhibit a skewed gradient between powered and fully unpowered engulfment, with fluking generally ending at the point of both the maximum lunging speed and mouth opening. In all cases, the small amounts of propulsive thrust generated by the tail were unable to overcome the high drag forces experienced during engulfment. Assuming this thrust to be minimal, we predicted the minimum speed of lunging across scale. To minimize the energetic cost of lunge feeding, hydrodynamic theory predicts slower lunge feeding speeds regardless of body size, with a lower boundary set by the ability of the prey to avoid capture. We used empirical data to test this theory and instead found that maximum foraging speeds remain constant and high (∼4 m s–1) across body size, even as higher speeds result in lower foraging efficiency. Regardless, we found an increasing relationship between body size and this foraging efficiency, estimated as the ratio of energetic gain from prey to energetic cost. This trend held across timescales ranging from a single lunge to a single day and suggests that larger whales are capturing more prey—and more energy—at a lower cost.
When (Imagined) Evidence Explains Fictionality
Authors: Skow Bradford
Published: August 2022

Sometimes, a proposition is fictional in a story in virtue of the fact that other fictional truths are good evidence for it. Cases are presented in which this evidential rule, and not some rule that invokes counterfactuals or intentions, is what explains what is fictional. Applications are made to the question of interpretive pluralism and the problem of imaginative resistance. In the background is pluralism about fictionality: the evidential rule is one of a variety of rules that are needed to account for what is fictional in a story.
Innovation of health data science curricula
Authors: Isola Miriam , Krive Jacob
Published: August 2022

Objective

There is a growing need for innovation to prepare a well-trained health informatics workforce with data science and digital technology skills. To meet the workforce demands and prepare students for a career in health informatics, a Health Data Science (HDS) concentration was added to the Master’s in Health Informatics (MSHI) program at the University of Illinois at Chicago.

Methods

Four levels of learning were incorporated into the curriculum to prepare students for highly complex jobs in health informatics. Leader interviews, advisory board meetings, and mixed faculty expertise were utilized as inputs to survey and analyze the skills employers seek in the job market. An innovative rapid infusion approach was used to design assessments across the levels of learning that simulate real-world scenarios where these competencies are used.

Results

Course evaluation surveys revealed strong satisfaction with the quality of the course and agreed that the course was intellectually challenging and stimulating. Students reported the 3 most beneficial aspects were: the live lectures, hands-on data research and manipulation, and simulated real-world situations.

Conclusions

This article discusses using a rapid infusion approach to developing active learning assignments designed to build competencies employers are seeking. These competencies also develop creative, divergent thinking with flexible, student-defined solutions. Survey data validates the approach to active learning put into context and made relevant to the learner. The benefit of the concentration is to provide students with the preparation for a successful entry into the Health Informatics field, one of the fastest-growing careers in healthcare.
Effect of guanidinoacetic acid supplementation on nitrogen retention and methionine methyl group flux in growing steers fed corn-based diets
Authors: Speer Hannah F , Grant Madeline S , Miesner Matt D , Titgemeyer Evan C
Published: August 2022

Six ruminally cannulated Holstein steers (256 ± 14 kg) were used in a 6 × 6 Latin square design to assess effects of guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) supplementation on N retention and methionine (Met) methyl group flux in growing cattle fed corn-based diets. Factorial treatments were two levels of Met (0 or 5 g/d) and three levels of GAA (0, 7.5, or 15 g/d) delivered by continuous abomasal infusion. Periods were 10 d in length and included 6 d of treatment adaptation, 3 d for total fecal and urine collections, and 1 d for blood sampling and flux measurements. Urinary N linearly increased (P < 0.01) with GAA supplementation and decreased (P < 0.05) with Met supplementation. Fecal N excretion was unaffected (P ≥ 0.42) by treatment. Retained N was not affected by GAA supplementation, but it was increased (P < 0.01) by Met supplementation. Use of methionine for transmethylation reactions, as well remethylation of homocysteine, was not affected by GAA supplementation when Met was not supplemented, but tended to be linearly increased by GAA supplementation when Met was supplemented (GAA-linear × Met interaction; P = 0.07), with the increases matching the amount of GAA provided. This response suggests that methylation reactions for compounds other than GAA were reduced by GAA supplementation when Met supply was deficient. Plasma concentrations and urinary excretion of creatine increased linearly (P = 0.03 and P = 0.06, respectively) when GAA was supplemented. There was a linear increase (P < 0.01) in urinary GAA excretion with GAA supplementation. Neither plasma concentration nor urinary excretion of creatinine was affected (P ≥ 0.17) by treatment. No treatment differences (P ≥ 0.13) were observed for plasma haptoglobin concentrations. Plasma urea-N linearly increased (P < 0.05) with GAA supplementation. Concentrations of Met and taurine increased (P < 0.05) when Met was supplemented. Plasma arginine was greatest at the intermediate level of supplemental GAA (quadratic, P < 0.05). The increase in N retention when Met was supplemented demonstrates Met was limiting in the corn-based diet. Supplementation of GAA alone or with Met as a methyl donor did not increase N retention in growing steers, perhaps because creatine production was favored over protein deposition as a use for Met.
Effects of feeding high oleic soybean oil to growing–finishing pigs on loin and belly quality
Authors: Gaffield Katelyn N , Boler Dustin D , Dilger Ryan N , Dilger Anna C , Harsh Bailey N
Published: August 2022

Feeding growing-finishing pigs supplemental fat is a common practice in the swine industry and can result in improved feed efficiency and reduced feed intake; however, dietary lipids also play a key role in determining pork quality. Objectives of the study were to evaluate the effects of feeding graded levels of high oleic soybean oil (HOSO) on loin and belly quality. A total of 288 pig raised in two separate blocks (144 pigs each) were assigned to one of four diets containing either 25% dried distiller’s grains with solubles (DDGS), 2% high oleic soybean oil (HOSO2), 4% high oleic soybean oil (HOSO4), or 6% high oleic soybean oil (HOSO6). Following the conclusion of the feeding trial, 144 pigs were slaughtered at the University of Illinois Meat Science Laboratory. Following fabrication, loins were collected for the evaluation of fresh quality measurements and color stability. Belly quality and fatty acid composition were evaluated using skin-on natural fall bellies. There were no differences (P ≥ 0.11) in pH, visual color, lightness (L*), drip loss, or WBSF among dietary treatments. However, visual marbling was increased (P ≤ 0.01) in loin chops from pigs fed HOSO4 and HOSO6 treatments compared with chops from pigs fed the DDGS dietary treatment. Additionally, loin chops were more red (a*) (P ≤ 0.01) from pigs fed HOSO diets when compared with pigs fed DDGS. Extractable lipid was decreased (P ≤ 0.01) in fresh loin chops from pigs fed DDGS and HOSO2 diets compared with pigs fed HOSO6. There were no differences (P ≥ 0.75) in trained sensory tenderness, juiciness, or flavor for loin chops from pigs fed different dietary treatments. Pork fatty acid composition was altered by dietary HOSO inclusion, with pigs fed DDGS having (P ≤ 0.01) the greatest concentration of C16:0 and was decreased with increasing levels of HOSO inclusion. Inversely, the percentage of C18:1n-9 was least (P ≤ 0.01) in pigs fed DDGS and increased with increasing levels of HOSO inclusion. Pigs fed DDGS produced wider (P ≤ 0.03) and thinner (P ≤ 0.04) bellies with reduced flop distance compared with pigs fed HOSO diets. Overall, HOSO diets did not negatively affect fresh loin quality or sensory traits of loin chops. Furthermore, feeding HOSO to swine resulted in bellies containing greater percentages of oleic acid and reduced percentages of palmitic and linoleic acid.
Population fluctuations of long-tailed voles (Microtus longicaudus) in managed forests: site-specific disturbances or a long-term pattern?
Authors: Sullivan Thomas P , Sullivan Druscilla S
Published: August 2022

We investigated population responses of Microtus longicaudus to cumulative clear-cutting of coniferous forests and to enhanced understory vegetation in young, fertilized pine stands near Summerland, British Columbia, Canada. We explored if there was a threshold level of habitat quality arising from a given forest disturbance for M. longicaudus to increase to high population levels and potentially fluctuate in abundance over time. Secondly, we asked if these outbreaks were site-specific or part of a long-term pattern. We tested three hypotheses (H) that populations of M. longicaudus would increase in abundance and potentially fluctuate owing to (H1) the availability of early seral postharvest habitats associated with cumulative clear-cut harvesting; (H2) woody debris piles on clear-cuts; and (H3) have higher mean abundance, reproduction, and survival in fertilized forest sites with enhanced understory vegetation. Mean annual and peak abundances of M. longicaudus were significantly different across the four Periods of cumulative forest harvesting with numbers being highest in the first two Periods. Thus, H1, that long-tailed voles would increase in abundance on new clear-cuts, was partially supported for the first two Periods but not in the later Periods. Constant cattle (Bos taurus) grazing during summer periods over the four decades may have reduced vegetative productivity for voles and damped out population responses on these clear-cut sites, at least in the last two Periods. Woody debris piles on clear-cuts may have increased abundance and generated a population fluctuation, thereby supporting H2. Enhanced abundance of understory vegetation had no effect on mean abundance, reproduction, or survival of M. longicaudus, and hence did not support H3. We conclude that it is site-specific disturbances, particularly in forest management, that generate occasional outbreaks of M. longicaudus, and there does not appear to be any long-term pattern to these discordant fluctuations.
Risk of Pancreatic Cancer in the Long-Term Prospective Follow-Up of Familial Pancreatic Cancer Kindreds
Authors: Porter Nancy , Laheru Daniel , Lau Bryan , He Jin , Zheng Lei , Narang Amol , Roberts Nicholas J , Canto Marcia I , Lennon Anne Marie , Goggins Michael G , Hruban Ralph H , Klein Alison P
Published: August 2022

Background

A family history of pancreatic cancer is associated with increased pancreatic cancer risk. However, risk estimates for individuals in kindreds with an aggregation of pancreatic cancer (>1 relative) are imprecise because of small samples sizes or potentially impacted by biases inherent in retrospective data.

Objective

The objective of this study is to determine the age-specific pancreatic cancer risk as a function of family history using prospective data.

Methods

We compared pancreatic cancer incidence (n = 167) in 21 141 individuals from 4433 families enrolled in the National Familial Pancreatic Cancer Registry with that expected based on Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results data and estimated the cumulative probability of pancreatic cancer using competing risk regression.

Results

Familial pancreatic kindred members (kindreds with pancreatic cancer in 2 first-degree relatives [FDRs] or a pathogenic variant) had a standardized incidence ratio of 4.86 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.01 to 5.90), and sporadic kindred members (kindreds not meeting familial criteria) had a standardized incidence ratio of 2.55 (95% CI = 1.95 to 3.34). Risk in familial pancreatic cancer kindreds increased with an increasing number of FDRs with pancreatic cancer, with a standardized incidence ratio of 3.46 (95% CI = 2.52 to 4.76), 5.44 (95% CI = 4.07 to 7.26), and 10.78 (95% CI = 6.87 to 16.89) for 1, 2, and 3 or more FDRs with pancreatic cancer, respectively. Risk was also higher among individuals with a family history of young-onset (aged younger than 50 years) pancreatic cancer.

Conclusion

Pancreatic cancer risk is strongly dependent on family history, including both the degree of relationship(s) and age of onset of pancreatic cancer in relatives. These risk estimates will help inform the design of early detection studies and the risk and benefit analysis of screening trials.
Stillbirth After Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Murphy Caitlin C , Betts Andrea C , Allicock Marlyn A , Shay L Aubree , Preston Sharice M , Cohn Barbara A , Lupo Philip J , Pruitt Sandi L
Published: August 2022

Background

Gonadotoxic effects of cancer treatment may increase risk of adverse birth outcomes in adolescent and young adult (AYA, aged 15-39 years) women diagnosed with cancer. We estimated risk of stillbirth (fetal death of gestational age ≥20 weeks or weighing ≥350 grams) in a population-based sample of AYA women.

Methods

AYA women diagnosed with cancer between January 1, 1995, and December 31, 2015, were identified using the Texas Cancer Registry and linked to live birth and fetal death certificates through December 31, 2016. Among AYA women, cumulative incidence of stillbirth was estimated by gestational age, and Poisson regression models identified factors associated with stillbirth. Standardized fetal mortality ratios (SMR) compared the observed fetal mortality rate in AYA women with the expected fetal mortality rate in the general population.

Results

A total of 11 628 live births and 68 stillbirths occurred to 8402 AYA women after diagnosis. Cumulative incidence of stillbirth in AYA women was 0.70% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.51% to 0.96%) at 40 weeks of gestation. Risk of stillbirth was higher among Hispanic (risk ratio [RR] = 2.64, 95% CI = 1.29 to 5.41) and non-Hispanic Black (RR = 4.13, 95% CI = 1.68 to 10.16) women compared with non-Hispanic White women; there was no association with receipt of chemotherapy or time since diagnosis. Age- and race and ethnicity–adjusted fetal mortality rate in AYA women was similar to the general population (SMR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.77 to 1.26).

Conclusions

AYA women may be counseled that overall risk of stillbirth is low, and for most, cancer does not appear to confer additional risk.
Figuring Out Root and Epistemic Uses of Modals: The Role of the Input
Authors: van Dooren Annemarie , Dieuleveut Anouk , Cournane Ailís , Hacquard Valentine
Published: August 2022

This paper investigates how children figure out that modals like must can be used to express both epistemic and “root” (i.e. non epistemic) flavors. The existing acquisition literature shows that children produce modals with epistemic meanings up to a year later than with root meanings. We conducted a corpus study to examine how modality is expressed in speech to and by young children, to investigate the ways in which the linguistic input children hear may help or hinder them in uncovering the flavor flexibility of modals. Our results show that the way parents use modals may obscure the fact that they can express epistemic flavors: modals are very rarely used epistemically. Yet, children eventually figure it out; our results suggest that some do so even before age 3. To investigate how children pick up on epistemic flavors, we explore distributional cues that distinguish roots and epistemics. The semantic literature argues they differ in “temporal orientation” (Condoravdi, 2002): while epistemics can have present or past orientation, root modals tend to be constrained to future orientation (Werner 2006; Klecha, 2016; Rullmann & Matthewson, 2018). We show that in child-directed speech, this constraint is well-reflected in the distribution of aspectual features of roots and epistemics, but that the signal might be weak given the strong usage bias towards roots. We discuss (a) what these results imply for how children might acquire adult-like modal representations, and (b) possible learning paths towards adult-like modal representations.
Rosmarinic and chlorogenic acid, isolated from ferns, suppress stem cell damage induced by hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Andrade J M M , Maurmann N , Lopes D V , Pereira D P , Pranke P , Henriques A T
Published: August 2022

Objectives

Evaluating the effects of rosmarinic (RA) and cryptochlorogenic (CGA) acids isolated from Blechnum binervatum extract on stem cell viability, toxicity and the protective effect on oxidative cell damage.

Methods

MTT and LDH methods were employed, using stem cells from teeth. RA and CGA were evaluated at 100, 250 and 500 µM. The negative effect of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (200–2200 µM) and the capacity of RA and CGA (10–100 µM) as protective agents were also evaluated. DAPI followed by fluorescent microscopy was employed to photograph the treated and untreated cells.

Key findings

At all tested concentrations, RA and CGA demonstrated the ability to maintain cell viability, and with no cytotoxic effects on the treated stem cells. RA also induced an increase of the cell viability and a reduction in cytotoxicity. H2O2 (1400 µM) induced >50% of cytotoxicity, and both compounds were capable of suppressing H2O2 damage, even at the lowest concentration. At 100 µM, in H2O2 presence, total cell viability was observed through microscope imaging.

Conclusions

These findings contribute to the continued research into natural substances with the potential for protecting cells against oxidative injury, with the consideration that RA and CGA are useful in the regeneration of damaged stem cells.
Recurrent retrograde intussusception in patient with previous gastric bypass surgery
Authors: Wong Cindy Siaw Lin , Ramadan Mohamed
Published: August 2022

Retrograde intussusception (RI) is a rare long-term complication of gastric bypass surgery, which usually happens within the first few years after operation. The clinical presentation is vague with overlapping symptoms of bowel obstruction or ischemia. This is a case of a 37-year-old lady who presented with severe abdominal pain. She has background of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery 23 years ago. She underwent emergency laparotomy, bowel resection and Roux-en-Y reconstruction due to finding of ischemic bowel segment. Unfortunately, she had recurrent presentation of RI after 6 months and similar operation was necessitated. She recovered well post-operatively, but there was no definitive cause established for the recurrence. While RI remains a rare diagnosis, clinicians should have high index of suspicion in encountering patients with acute abdomen post gastric bypass surgery. Early imaging is required for the diagnosis and surgical intervention is often warranted.
Taste in North and South Reconsidered: A Case for Attention to Downward and Lateral Mobility in the Victorian Novel
Authors: Carroll Claudia
Published: August 2022

This article argues for attention to downward and lateral vectors of class mobility in the Victorian novel by pointing out how such attention can allow us to rethink conventional readings of the genre’s ideological normativity. A reconsideration of the role of taste in Gaskell’s North and South reveals that the novel represents taste not an inherent sign of Margaret and John Thornton’s superiority, but rather as a practiced and conscious cultivation of social capital in the face of threats to their economic security. Scenes in the novel in which Margaret and Thornton exhibit their taste are correlated with moments in which the economic instability of their positions is emphasized. I argue that this means the novel represents taste as linked to their experience of downward mobility. The novel also takes care to exhibit the different social milieus in Victorian England and their contrasting systems of social distinction. These contrasts, in combination with Margaret and Thornton’s desires for global travel and influence, represent travel as a form of lateral class mobility which can be successfully achieved using taste as a form of transportable social capital. In its representation of taste as practiced, rather than naturalized, in response to the various vectors of mobility, the novel complicates our vision of the Victorian novel as symbolizing the rise of the middle class. Ultimately, setting aside our expectations about upward class mobility by Victorian protagonists allows us to see new ways novels critique middle-class ideology.
The XMM Cluster Survey analysis of the SDSS DR8 redMaPPer catalogue: implications for scatter, selection bias, and isotropy in cluster scaling relations
Authors: Giles P A , Romer A K , Wilkinson R , Bermeo A , Turner D J , Hilton M , Upsdell E W , Rooney P J , Bhargava S , Ebrahimpour L , Farahi A , Mann R G , Manolopoulou M , Mayers J , Vergara C , Viana P T P , Collins C A , Hollowood D , Jeltema T , Miller C J , Nichol R C , Noorali R , Splettstoesser M , Stott J P
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we present the X-ray analysis of Sloan Digital Sky Survey DR8 redMaPPer (SDSSRM) clusters using data products from the XMM Cluster Survey (XCS). In total, 1189 SDSSRM clusters fall within the XMM–Newton footprint. This has yielded 456 confirmed detections accompanied by X-ray luminosity (LX) measurements. Of these clusters, 381 have an associated X-ray temperature measurement (TX). This represents one of the largest samples of coherently derived cluster TX values to date. Our analysis of the X-ray observable to richness scaling relations has demonstrated that scatter in the TX–λ relation is roughly a third of that in the LX–λ relation, and that the LX–λ scatter is intrinsic, i.e. will not be significantly reduced with larger sample sizes. Analysis of the scaling relation between LX and TX has shown that the fits are sensitive to the selection method of the sample, i.e. whether the sample is made up of clusters detected ‘serendipitously’ compared to those deliberately targeted by XMM. These differences are also seen in the LX–λ relation and, to a lesser extent, in the TX–λ relation. Exclusion of the emission from the cluster core does not make a significant impact on the findings. A combination of selection biases is a likely, but yet unproven, reason for these differences. Finally, we have also used our data to probe recent claims of anisotropy in the LX–TX relation across the sky. We find no evidence of anistropy, but stress this may be masked in our analysis by the incomplete declination coverage of the SDSS.
ATLASGAL - star forming efficiencies and the Galactic star formation rate
Authors: Wells M R A , Urquhart J S , Moore T J T , Browning K E , Ragan S E , Rigby A J , Eden D J , Thompson M A
Published: August 2022

The ATLASGAL survey has characterized the properties of approximately 1000 embedded H ii regions and found an empirical relationship between the clump mass and bolometric luminosity that covers 3–4 orders of magnitude. Comparing this relation with simulated clusters drawn from an initial mass function and using different star formation efficiencies we find that a single value is unable to fit the observed luminosity to mass (L/M) relation. We have used a Monte Carlo simulation to generate 200 000 clusters using the L/M-ratio as a constraint to investigate how the star formation efficiency changes as a function of clump mass. This has revealed that the star formation efficiency decreases with increasing clump mass with a value of 0.2 for clumps with masses of a few hundred solar masses and dropping to 0.08 for clumps with masses of a few thousand solar masses. We find good agreement between our results and star formation efficiencies determined from counts of embedded objects in nearby molecular clouds. Using the star formation efficiency relationship and the infrared excess time for embedded star formation of 2 ± 1 Myr we estimate the Galactic star formation rate to be approximately 0.9 ± 0.45 M⊙ yr−1, which is in good agreement with previously reported values. This model has the advantage of providing a direct means of determining the star formation rate and avoids the difficulties encountered in converting infrared luminosities to stellar mass that affect previous galactic and extragalactic studies.
Pulsar death line revisited – II. ‘The death valley’
Authors: Beskin V S , Istomin A Yu
Published: August 2022

In this paper, which is the second in a series of papers, we analyse what parameters can determine the width of the radio pulsar ‘death valley’ in the P–${\dot{P}}$ diagram. Using exact expression for the maximum potential drop, which can be realized over magnetic polar caps and the corresponding threshold for the secondary plasma production determined in Paper I, we analyse in detail the observed distribution of pulsars taking into account all the possible parameters (radius R and moment of inertia of a neutron star Ir, high-energy tail in the γ-quanta energy distribution giving rise to secondary particles, etc.) which could broaden ‘the death line’. We show that the consistent allowance for all these effects leads to a sufficiently wide of ‘the death valley’ containing all the observed pulsars even for dipole magnetic field of a neutron star. We emphasize that the main goal of this work is to demonstrate that the original Ruderman–Sutherland idea of the death line (dipole magnetic field, vacuum gap) is in good agreement with observations. The comparison with other models is beyond the scope of this paper.
The Pristine survey – XVI. The metallicity of 26 stellar streams around the Milky Way detected with the STREAMFINDER in Gaia EDR3
Authors: Martin Nicolas F , Ibata Rodrigo A , Starkenburg Else , Yuan Zhen , Malhan Khyati , Bellazzini Michele , Viswanathan Akshara , Aguado David , Arentsen Anke , Bonifacio Piercarlo , Carlberg Ray , González Hernández Jonay I , Hill Vanessa , Jablonka Pascale , Kordopatis Georges , Lardo Carmela , McConnachie Alan W , Navarro Julio , Sánchez-Janssen Rubén , Sestito Federico , Thomas Guillaume F , Venn Kim A , Vitali Sara , Voggel Karina T
Published: August 2022

We use the photometric metallicities provided by the panoramic Pristine survey to study the veracity and derive the metallicities of the numerous stellar streams found by the application of the STREAMFINDER algorithm to the Gaia Early Data Release 3 data. All 26 streams present in Pristine show a clear metallicity distribution function, which provides an independent check of the reality of these structures, supporting the reliability of STREAMFINDER in finding streams and the power of Pristine to measure precise metallicities. We further present six candidate structures with coherent phase-space and metallicity signals that are very likely streams. The majority of studied streams are very metal-poor (14 structures with [Fe/H] < −2.0) and include three systems with [Fe/H] < −2.9 (C-11, C-19, and C-20). These streams could be the closest debris of low-luminosity dwarf galaxies or may have originated from globular clusters of significantly lower metallicity than any known current Milky Way globular cluster. Our study shows that the promise of the Gaia data for Galactic Archeology studies can be substantially strengthened by quality photometric metallicities, allowing us to peer back into the earliest epochs of the formation of our Galaxy and its stellar halo constituents.
Chromatin fiber breaks into clutches under tension and crowding
Authors: Liu Shuming , Lin Xingcheng , Zhang Bin
Published: August 2022

The arrangement of nucleosomes inside chromatin is of extensive interest. While in vitro experiments have revealed the formation of 30 nm fibers, most in vivo studies have failed to confirm their presence in cell nuclei. To reconcile the diverging experimental findings, we characterized chromatin organization using a residue-level coarse-grained model. The computed force–extension curve matches well with measurements from single-molecule experiments. Notably, we found that a dodeca-nucleosome in the two-helix zigzag conformation breaks into structures with nucleosome clutches and a mix of trimers and tetramers under tension. Such unfolded configurations can also be stabilized through trans interactions with other chromatin chains. Our study suggests that unfolding from chromatin fibers could contribute to the irregularity of in vivo chromatin configurations. We further revealed that chromatin segments with fibril or clutch structures engaged in distinct binding modes and discussed the implications of these inter-chain interactions for a potential sol–gel phase transition.
Dichotomouscis-regulatory motifs mediate the maturation of the neuromuscular junction by retrograde BMP signaling
Authors: Vuilleumier Robin , Miao Mo , Medina-Giro Sonia , Ell Clara-Maria , Flibotte Stephane , Lian Tianshun , Kauwe Grant , Collins Annie , Ly Sophia , Pyrowolakis George , Haghighi A Pejmun , Allan Douglas W
Published: August 2022

Retrograde bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction (NMJ) has served as a paradigm to study TGF-β-dependent synaptic function and maturation. Yet, how retrograde BMP signaling transcriptionally regulates these functions remains unresolved. Here, we uncover a gene network, enriched for neurotransmission-related genes, that is controlled by retrograde BMP signaling in motor neurons through two Smad-binding cis-regulatory motifs, the BMP-activating (BMP-AE) and silencer (BMP-SE) elements. Unpredictably, both motifs mediate direct gene activation, with no involvement of the BMP derepression pathway regulators Schnurri and Brinker. Genome editing of candidate BMP-SE and BMP-AE within the locus of the active zone gene bruchpilot, and a novel Ly6 gene witty, demonstrated the role of these motifs in upregulating genes required for the maturation of pre- and post-synaptic NMJ compartments. Our findings uncover how Smad-dependent transcriptional mechanisms specific to motor neurons directly orchestrate a gene network required for synaptic maturation by retrograde BMP signaling.
Topoisomerase IIA in adult NSCs regulates SVZ neurogenesis by transcriptional activation of Usp37
Authors: Qin Shangyao , Yuan Yimin , Huang Xiao , Tan Zijian , Hu Xin , Liu Hong , Pu Yingyan , Ding Yu-qiang , Su Zhida , He Cheng
Published: August 2022

Topoisomerase IIA (TOP2a) has traditionally been known as an important nuclear enzyme that resolves entanglements and relieves torsional stress of DNA double strands. However, its function in genomic transcriptional regulation remains largely unknown, especially during adult neurogenesis. Here, we show that TOP2a is preferentially expressed in neurogenic niches in the brain of adult mice, such as the subventricular zone (SVZ). Conditional knockout of Top2a in adult neural stem cells (NSCs) of the SVZ significantly inhibits their self-renewal and proliferation, and ultimately reduces neurogenesis. To gain insight into the molecular mechanisms by which TOP2a regulates adult NSCs, we perform RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) plus chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-Seq) and identify ubiquitin-specific protease 37 (Usp37) as a direct TOP2a target gene. Importantly, overexpression of Usp37 is sufficient to rescue the impaired self-renewal ability of adult NSCs caused by Top2a knockdown. Taken together, this proof-of-principle study illustrates a TOP2a/Usp37-mediated novel molecular mechanism in adult neurogenesis, which will significantly expand our understanding of the function of topoisomerase in the adult brain.
Association of branched chain fatty acids with cardiometabolic disorders in humans: a systematic review
Authors: Yehia Nagam Anna , Lai Kira Zhi Hua , Semnani-Azad Zhila , Blanco Mejia Sonia , Bazinet Richard P , Beaudry Jacqueline L , Hanley Anthony J
Published: August 2022

Context

Despite advances in treatments for cardiometabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity, the increasing frequency of these conditions is of major clinical and public health concern. Therefore, primary prevention including diet and lifestyle approaches continues to play a key role in risk reduction. Meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies have documented inverse associations of dairy consumption with the incidence of different cardiometabolic disorders. Dairy is the largest dietary contributor of branched chain fatty acids (BCFAs), which have been suggested to not only serve as biomarkers of dairy consumption but may also have bioactive properties contributing to reducing the risk of cardiometabolic outcomes. To date, however, the literature on this topic has not been systematically reviewed.

Objective

The aim here was to report the results of a systematic review of the association of BCFAs with cardiometabolic disorders in humans.

Data Sources

Search terms were developed and run through the Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases.

Data Extraction

Articles were selected on the basis of prespecified inclusion criteria and assessed for risk of bias by independent reviewers.

Results

Four studies (n = 2 cross sectional; n = 1 randomized feeding trial and n = 1 pre–post study) were identified. Two studies reported significant inverse associations between serum BCFAs and insulin resistance, triglycerides and/or body mass index. One study identified an inverse association between adipose tissue monomethyl BCFAs and skeletal muscle insulin resistance. In contrast, the randomized feeding trial reported no significant differences to stool BCFA concentrations or body mass index in obese participants following assignment to fruit–vegetable or whole-grain diet groups compared with a refined-grain control group.

Conclusions

Current evidence suggests beneficial associations of circulating BCFAs with cardiometabolic risk phenotypes, although data in human participants are limited, indicating that additional research is required.

PROSPERO registration no

CRD42021224975.
Underestimated Neotropical diversity: Integrative taxonomy reveals two unrelated look-alike species in a suboscine bird (Pachyramphus albogriseus)
Authors: Musher Lukas J , Krabbe Niels K , Areta Juan I
Published: August 2022

We applied an integrative taxonomic framework to evaluate the systematics of the Neotropical Black-and-white Becard (Pachyramphus albogriseusSclater 1857). Combining phylogenomic (ultraconserved elements), morphological, and vocalization data, we confirmed that this species is polyphyletic; some individuals form a clade sister to P. polychopterus and should be afforded species rank as P. salviniRichmond 1899 (Slender-billed Becard), whereas the remaining subspecies of P. albogriseus (Broad-banded Becard) are sister to P. major. We found that P. salvini differs from P. albogriseus in song, color of the lores, wing-bar width, body size, and bill width. Whereas P. albogriseus occurs in montane forest in Costa Rica and Panama (ssp. ornatus) and along the eastern slope of the Andes from northern Venezuela to southern Peru (ssp. albogriseus), P. salvini is found in the lowlands from Pacific Colombia south to northwest Peru and in the Río Marañón drainage. The latter also occurs, possibly only seasonally, along the eastern slope of the Andes, where the two species’ ranges approach closely. We treat P. a. guayaquilensisZimmer 1936 as a junior synonym of P. salviniRichmond 1899, and P. a. coronatusPhelps and Phelps 1953 as a junior synonym of P. a. albogriseusSclater 1857. This study provides a striking example of a major problem for comparative biology: underestimated and mischaracterized diversity. We argue that there are likely many more cases like this awaiting discovery.
Unperceived motor actions of the balance system interfere with the causal attribution of self-motion
Authors: Tisserand Romain , Rasman Brandon G , Omerovic Nina , Peters Ryan M , Forbes Patrick A , Blouin Jean-Sébastien
Published: August 2022

The instability of human bipedalism demands that the brain accurately senses balancing self-motion and determines whether movements originate from self-generated actions or external disturbances. Here, we challenge the longstanding notion that this process relies on a single representation of the body and world to accurately perceive postural orientation and organize motor responses to control balance self-motion. Instead, we find that the conscious sense of balance can be distorted by the corrective control of upright standing. Using psychophysics, we quantified thresholds to imposed perturbations and balance responses evoking cues of self-motion that are (in)distinguishable from corrective balance actions. When standing immobile, participants clearly perceived imposed perturbations. Conversely, when freely balancing, participants often misattributed their own corrective responses as imposed motion because their balance system had detected, integrated, and responded to the perturbation in the absence of conscious perception. Importantly, this only occurred for perturbations encoded ambiguously with balance-correcting responses and that remained below the natural variability of ongoing balancing oscillations. These findings reveal that our balance system operates on its own sensorimotor principles that can interfere with causal attribution of our actions, and that our conscious sense of balance depends critically on the source and statistics of induced and self-generated motion cues.
Ask the Doctor: Mental Hygiene Among the Young in Fin-de-Siècle Finland
Authors: Laine-Frigren Tuomas
Published: August 2022

The turn of the twentieth century in Finland saw an increasing number of popular articles and books on health, which were published within the broader framework of ‘social hygiene’ and aimed at children, young people and their families. This article examines how young people articulated concerns about their own mental health in the context of these campaigns to improve social hygiene. Based on an extensive body of original sources consisting of medical advisory material and letters written by the young, the study reveals how young people saw themselves in this health context—especially when writing about their ‘nerves’ or ‘nervousness’. Drawing on more recent methodological investigations in the history of childhood, this study adds the much-needed perspective of the young people themselves as subjects experiencing these problems, to counterbalance the otherwise exclusively expert discourses on the subject of mental hygiene.
Lessons from distance education
Authors: Habala Petr , Demlová Marie
Published: August 2022

The recent transfer to distance education caused by the pandemic forced higher education to reshape courses and adopt new educational tools. Many teachers became aware of and acquired valuable first-hand experience with alternative techniques of teaching. In this contribution we look at advantages and disadvantages of some popular approaches, assessing them not only from the point of view of distance education (which could still be useful), but also regarding their potential for improving on-site education. This is based on the authors’ personal observations and student surveys at our institution (a kind of case study in our department and university), influenced by discussions with colleagues in formal and informal networks across Europe and supplemented with published results when possible.
Electronic Workflow for High-Fidelity Clinical Simulation in Nursing
Authors: Saito Cássia Mitsuko , Dal Sasso Grace Teresinha Marcon
Published: August 2022

Recognizing the importance of following the International Nursing Association for Clinical Simulation and Learning Standards: Healthcare Simulation Standards of Best Practice to ensure a successful simulation-based experience, this study aimed to update an electronic workflow created to guide teachers in the development and conduct of a clinical simulation for undergraduate nursing students, according to the latest evidence published in the International Nursing Association for Clinical Simulation and Learning Standards; implement it for online access; and describe the results of its usability criteria evaluation. It is a technological production and study of quantitative nature, descriptive and exploratory. The workflow was reconfigured according to the Contextualized Instructional Design model. The usability criteria analysis occurred through the application of a questionnaire to 23 undergraduate nursing courses professors. It was possible to identify that the technology reached high levels of global classification among faculty, being classified as “excellent” (M [SD], 81.9 [14.9]) by the final score. In view of the results obtained, it is concluded that the Electronic Workflow for High-Fidelity Clinical Simulation in Nursing can serve as a reference to promote the best simulation-based learning for professional training in nursing.
Nursing Leadership Across the Continuum
Authors: Dempsey Christina (Christy)
Published: August 2022

Nurse leaders are increasingly called upon to provide their experience, expertise, and unique perspectives in nontraditional settings including in industry. Technology, software development, analytics, insurance, government, nurse entrepreneurs in business, consulting, and pharma are a few of the types of industries more frequently utilizing nurse leaders to inform, grow, govern, and operate their businesses. While the settings and skills may be different, the leadership competencies articulated through the American Nurses Association Nursing Administration Scope and Standards of Practice and the American Organization for Nursing Leadership Nurse Executive Competencies are still very much aligned and important to industry nurse leaders. This article articulates those commonalities and contrasts.
Nursing's Wicked Problems
Authors: Glasgow Mary Ellen Smith , Colbert Alison M.
Published: August 2022

Nursing is in a challenging place, and we are facing many incredibly complex issues that are steeped in culture and tradition. These “wicked problems” often arise when organizations face constant change or unprecedented challenges. In this article, we discuss current issues that hinder all nurse leaders from elevating nursing as a profession, with a particular focus on the role and contributions of the academic nurse leader in creating and sustaining positive change. By prioritizing meaningful collaboration, reimagining education for nursing outside the hospital walls, investing in evidence for practice, and advocating by amplifying new voices, we can identify shared goals and develop coordinated plans of action. The goal of academic nursing is to work to understand wicked disciplinary problems while also analyzing and critiquing what is not working, articulating possible solutions, and collaborating with other nurse leaders to address these complex issues. This also means that academic nursing should be held equally accountable for delivering results.
Evolution and codon usage bias of mitochondrial and nuclear genomes in Aspergillus section Flavi
Authors: Hugaboom Miya , Hatmaker E. Anne , LaBella Abigail L. , Rokas Antonis
Published: August 2022

The fungal genus Aspergillus contains a diversity of species divided into taxonomic sections of closely related species. Section Flavi contains 33 species, many of industrial, agricultural, or medical relevance. Here, we analyze the mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of 20 Flavi species—including 18 newly assembled mitogenomes—and compare their evolutionary history and codon usage bias (CUB) patterns to their nuclear counterparts. CUB refers to variable frequencies of synonymous codons in coding DNA and is shaped by a balance of neutral processes and natural selection. All mitogenomes were circular DNA molecules with highly conserved gene content and order. As expected, genomic content, including GC content, and genome size differed greatly between mitochondrial and nuclear genomes. Phylogenetic analysis based on 14 concatenated mitochondrial genes predicted evolutionary relationships largely consistent with those predicted by a phylogeny constructed from 2,422 nuclear genes. Comparing similarities in interspecies patterns of CUB between mitochondrial and nuclear genomes showed that species grouped differently by patterns of CUB depending on whether analyses were performed using mitochondrial or nuclear relative synonymous usage values. We found that patterns of CUB at gene-level are more similar between mitogenomes of different species than the mitogenome and nuclear genome of the same species. Finally, we inferred that, although most genes—both nuclear and mitochondrial—deviated from the neutral expectation for codon usage, mitogenomes were not under translational selection while nuclear genomes were under moderate translational selection. These results contribute to the study of mitochondrial genome evolution in filamentous fungi.