bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sparse Higher Order Čech Filtrations
Authors: Buchet Mickaël , B Dornelas Bianca , Kerber Michael
Published: May 2024

For a finite set of balls of radius
r
, the
k
-fold cover is the space covered by at least
k
balls. Fixing the ball centers and varying the radius, we obtain a nested sequence of spaces that is called the
k
-fold filtration of the centers. For
k
=1, the construction is the union-of-balls filtration that is popular in topological data analysis. For larger
k
, it yields a cleaner shape reconstruction in the presence of outliers. We contribute a sparsification algorithm to approximate the topology of the
k
-fold filtration. Our method is a combination and adaptation of several techniques from the well-studied case
k
=1, resulting in a sparsification of linear size that can be computed in expected near-linear time with respect to the number of input points. Our method also extends to the multicover bifiltration, composed of the
k
-fold filtrations for several values of
k
, with the same size and complexity bounds.
RESP: A Recursive Clustering Approach for Edge Server Placement in Mobile Edge Computing
Authors: Vali Ali Akbar , Azizi Sadoon , Shojafar Mohammad
Published: May 2024

With the rapid advancement of the Internet of Things and 5G networks in smart cities, the inevitable generation of massive amounts of data, commonly known as big data, has introduced increased latency within the traditional cloud computing paradigm. In response to this challenge, Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) has emerged as a viable solution, offloading a portion of mobile device workloads to nearby edge servers equipped with ample computational resources. Despite significant research in MEC systems, optimizing the placement of edge servers in smart cities to enhance network performance has received little attention. In this article, we propose
RESP
, a novel Recursive clustering technique for Edge Server Placement in MEC environments. RESP operates based on the median of each cluster determined by the number of base transceiver stations, strategically placing edge servers to achieve workload balance and minimize network traffic between them. Our proposed clustering approach substantially improves load balancing compared to existing methods and demonstrates superior performance in handling traffic dynamics. Through experimental evaluation with real-world data from Shanghai Telecom’s base station dataset, our approach outperforms several representative techniques in terms of workload balancing and network traffic optimization. By addressing the ESP problem and introducing an advanced recursive clustering technique, this work makes a substantial contribution to optimizing mobile edge computing networks in smart cities. The proposed algorithm outperforms alternative methodologies, demonstrating a 10% average improvement in optimizing network traffic. Moreover, it achieves a 53% more suitable result in terms of computational load.
Modeling the Effect of Over-discharge Cycling on Li-ion Batteries
Authors: Thiagarajan Raghav Sai , Concepción Anthony , Tewari Deepti , Jeevarajan Judith A. , Premnath Vinay , Subramanian Venkat R.
Published: May 2024

Off-nominal circumstances inducing cell over-discharge in a battery, are of concern due to electrolyte decomposition and prolonged degradation effects. Copper dissolution and its subsequent deposition could lead to high cell temperatures and in some cases catastrophic failures during battery operational lifetime. Extending physics-based lithium-ion battery models for the purpose of simulating over-discharge conditions requires key considerations in model parameters, constitutive equations, and the SoC window of operation This paper reports a reduced-order model for over-discharge and simulating its effect under various scenarios using a Thermal Tanks-in-Series (TTiS) approach. The model was used to compare voltage-time behavior and capacity fade during cycling for different over-discharge cycling protocols. The efficacy of cycling simulations was validated with experimental data and the TTiS model demonstrates reasonable agreement with the voltage, temperature, and capacity fade trends under the given experimental cycling regimes.
Eosinophilic pleocytosis in the cerebrospinal fluid following CAR-T cell therapy for CNS lymphoma: A case for warning?
Authors: Abu Ata Mayasa , Henig Israel , Yehudai-Ofir Dana , Tzoran Inna , Ringelstein-Harlev Shimrit , Inbar Tsofia , Slouzkey Ilana , Karmona Fintuch Michal , Stern Anat , Stanevsky Olesya , Weiler-Sagie Michal , Zohar Yaniv , Livneh Ido , Merhav Goni , Eran Ayelet , Zuckerman Tsila , Katz Ofrat Beyar
Published: May 2024

Introduction: CAR-T cell therapy, emerging as an efficient treatment option for patients with secondary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma, is frequently complicated with immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS). Case Presentation: We report a case of a 64-year-old woman with transformed follicular lymphoma, developing high-grade ICANS with eosinophilic pleocytosis following third-line therapy with CAR-T cells (tisagenlecleucel). During bridging therapy, she declined neurologically and was diagnosed with secondary CNS lymphoma. She received methotrexate-cytarabine-thiotepa-rituximab regimen with clinical and radiological improvement. Post-CAR-T cell infusion she developed cytokine release syndrome grade II and ICANS grade III. Given the lack of response to steroids, anakinra was initiated with complete ICANS resolution. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, performed only on day +10 due to thrombocytopenia, revealed eosinophils, while infections were excluded. Conclusion: This report emphasizes the importance of CSF analysis in individuals with CAR-T-related neurotoxicity for elucidating the role of specific immune cells in such complications.
Belzutifan in Individuals with von Hippel-Lindau Retinal Hemangioblastomas: Institutional Experience and Review of the Literature
Authors: Jamshidi Farzad , Lozano Lola , Tucker Budd , Andorf Jean , Sohn Elliott , Stone Edwin , Groves Andrew , Zakharia Yousef , Boldt H. Culver , Binkley Elaine
Published: May 2024

Introduction: The systemic HIF-2 alpha inhibitor, belzutifan, has been approved for use in patients with von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL)-associated renal cell carcinoma, central nervous system (CNS) hemangioblastomas, and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. This drug has also shown promise in controlling VHL retinal hemangioblastomas (RHs), but little work has been published on the use of the drug in this setting. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of patients with VHL-associated RHs followed by the retina service at our institution who were treated with systemic belzutifan. Patient age, gender, genotype, presence of systemic tumors, indication for the drug, initial dose, adjusted dose, side effects, and tumor response were recorded. We also conducted a literature search for all manuscripts describing the effect of belzutifan on VHL-associated ocular tumors. Results: We identified 12 eyes of 7 patients with VHL-associated ocular tumors who were treated with belzutifan at our institution. Of these, 5 eyes of 3 patients had progressing ocular tumors when belzutifan was started. Of the 7 total patients, 2 were treated for renal cell carcinoma, 2 for CNS hemangioblastomas, 2 for RHs, and one for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Initial dose was 120 mg PO daily in 6 patients and 80 mg PO daily in 1 patient. The dose was reduced in all but 1 patient due to side effects. The ocular tumors were controlled in all patients with an average follow-up of 13 months (range 4–24 months). Literature review identified 7 manuscripts that described belzutifan-mediated control of ocular tumors in patients with VHL-associated RHs in 21 patients. Conclusion: The drug belzutifan shows great promise for controlling RHs and preventing vision loss in patients with VHL. Further work needs to address the optimal dose, role of the drug as a neoadjuvant therapy, and long-term efficacy and tolerability of the drug in a larger cohort of patients with ocular tumors.
Structural and functional effects of C5aR1 antagonism in a rat model of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
Authors: Saadat Angela , Pallera Haree , Lattanzio Frank , Owens Daley , Gaines Amy , Ravi Sai Susmitha , Shah Tushar
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Introduction
The complement response activates upon reperfusion in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and contributes to excessive neuroinflammation and worse outcomes. C5a is a powerful anaphylatoxin central to each of the complement pathways, and its engagement with C5aR1 is directly tied to brain injury and neuronal death. Reasoning C5aR1 antagonism can decrease excessive neuroinflammation and thereby improve neurological and functional outcomes, we tested this hypothesis in a rat model of HIE with PMX205, a small molecule that inhibits C5a-C5aR1 interaction.
Methods
Term-equivalent pups (P10-12) were subjected to mild-moderate HIE by Vannucci’s method and treated with PMX205. We compared motor and cognitive outcomes with two behavioral tests each [food-handling and accelerod; novel object recognition (NOR) and open field] to improve the accuracy of our conclusions.
Results
Improvements were observed in fine motor function, balance and exploratory behaviors, but little to no improvement in recognition memory and gross motor function. Lesion area and histological assessments showed robust cortical neuroprotection from treatment but persistent injury to the CA1 region of the hippocampus. Better structural and functional outcomes were seen with 1 day of treatment, suggesting C5aR1 antagonism beyond the latent injury phase may impair recovery. In a dose-response experiment, cerebral area loss from injury was improved only in female rats, suggesting underlying sexual dimorphisms in the complement response.
Conclusion
These results demonstrate proof-of-concept for targeting C5aR1 signaling in neonatal HIE with PMX205 and underscore the role of sex in hypoxic-ischemic injury.
Paternidades emergentes como contrapúblico de las prácticas jurídicas institucionalizadas
Authors: Marcela Cascavita Lady
Published: May 2024

En este artículo se exponen los elementos de estudio que orientaron el análisis de la investigación que lleva por nombre Paternidades Emergentes; investigación que tuvo por objeto reconocer la emergencia de las nuevas masculinidades que promueven formas diversas de ser padre en las sociedades actuales; motivo por el cual se hizo necesario realizar un recorrido por las distintas nociones o compresiones que se dan sobre el tema de la paternidad y la masculinidad a lo largo de la historia; esto con el fin de acercarse a la naturaleza del concepto y a la comprensión y reconocimiento de las emergencias paternas en la actualidad. En el estudio se retoma la teoría de Fraser (1991) sobre los contrapublicos, lo cual contribuyó en la caracterización de los nuevos discursos sobre la paternidad de los hombres que reclaman justicia social de manera organizada y mancomunada, desde una idea democrática y equitativa de las funciones parentales.
Inclusión social: experiencias de vida de tres personas con baja visión
Authors: Peña Perdomo Clara Eugenia , Sanabria Guerrero Martha Janeth , Tapias Peñaloza Jaime Alberto
Published: May 2024

El presente artículo surge del trabajo investigativo cuyo objetivo fue develar los principales aspectos que inciden en la inclusión social de tres personas con baja visión (en adelante PBV). La metodología empleada es de corte cualitativo; se utilizaron técnicas como los diarios de campo y entrevistas en profundidad. El ejercicio se realizó en los ámbitos de rehabilitación, educativo y laboral; en las ciudades de Bogotá, Zipaquirá y Neiva, respectivamente. Asimismo se entrevistó un familiar de cada una de las PBV y un experto en el tema de inclusión social en cada uno de los ámbitos mencionados. Posterior al trabajo de campo se efectuó el análisis de la información a través de tres categorías: interacción social, movilidad-acceso a recursos sociales y habilidades comunicativas. Mediante este análisis se obtuvo una serie de hallazgos que dan cuenta de los principales aspectos que inciden en la inclusión social de las tres PBV. Los resultados encontrados indican que es necesario que ellas aprovechen eficientemente los recursos que poseen, que tengan el apoyo de sus familiares, y que los diferentes entornos en los que se desenvuelven les ofrezcan oportunidades.
Hacia el replanteamiento de una propuesta alternativa para la educación de jóvenes y adultos: sistematización de la experiencia ITEDRIS
Authors: Bautista Roa Milton Adolfo , Cubides Ávila Zaida Janneth , Galán Ávila Tiberio , Ortiz Salamanca Fany Lulú , Sandoval Ortiz Ruth Marlene
Published: May 2024

El propósito central de este artículo es dar cuenta de la investigación sobre la sistematización de la experiencia de la Fundación ITEDRIS (Investigación, Tecnología y Educación para el Desarrollo Regional, Integral y Sostenible), en sus 10 años de trabajo, en el campo de la educación de jóvenes y adultos en el Departamento de Boyacá. Se pretenden identificar los aprendizajes que han llevado a ITEDRIS a consolidarse como una propuesta de Educación Popular, desde la reconstrucción colectiva de su historia, y el trabajo académico y productivo, con el fin de formular estrategias pedagógicas acordes a las necesidades y expectativas de jóvenes y adultos que desean mejorar su calidad de vida a través de la educación.
“Ser hombre”: un acercamiento desde las representaciones sociales sobre masculinidad en jóvenes de Ciudad Bolívar y la configuración de sus subjetividades políticas.
Authors: Ballén Granados Karina Paola
Published: May 2024

El propósito de este artículo es presentar los resultados del estudio: “Ser hombre”: un acercamiento desde las representaciones sociales sobre masculinidad en jóvenes de Ciudad Bolívar y la configuración de sus subjetividades políticas; que analiza cómo las representaciones sociales de masculinidad trascienden dichas subjetividades, jugando un papel fundamental en la manera en que estos jóvenes se reflexionan y actúan sobre su condición como parte de una colectividad. Son representaciones sociales mediadas por el modelo de masculinidad patriarcal, caracterizado por ideologías que asocia a los hombres con ciertas formas de poder fundamentadas en la dominación, estimuladas fuertemente durante la niñez y la juventud en procesos de socialización primarios, dificultando la construcción de identidades de género que configuran sujetos políticos participativos y críticos en la producción de la sociedad a partir de experiencias y vivencias de respeto y equidad.
Leptochilus tridigitatus (Polypodiaceae), a new fern species from Guangdong, China
Authors: WEI HONG-JIN , QIU YONG-LING , HUANG YI , BIN CHEN
Published: May 2024

Leptochilus tridigitatus, a new microsoroid fern species of Polypodiaceae from southwestern Guangdong, China, is described and illustrated. The new species is morphologically highly variable and most similar to L. poilanei in dimorphic fronds and simple or trifid laminae, while its fertile fronds are most similar to some of those of L. digitatus. The new species can best be distinguished from L. digitatus but sometimes is confused with L. scandens due to its occasionally pinnatifid laminae with two pairs of lateral lobes. It might have been collected from South China and misidentified as L. digitatus or other Leptochilus species.
A Method to Improve the Multiplicative Inconsistency Preserving the Preference Information of Every Element of an Intuitionistic Fuzzy Preference Relation
Authors: Oh Hyonil , Ri Gukchol , Kim Yungil , Kim Cholju
Published: May 2024

In general, almost intuitionistic fuzzy preference relations (IFPRs) provided by experts are multiplicutively inconsistent because of the complexity of a problem, lack of correct or sufficient knowledge about the problem domain, the ambiguity inherent in human thinking and so forth on. To solve this subject, we propose a method to improve the multiplicative inconsistency preserving the preference information of every element of an initial IFPR. For this, we formulate a formula that straightforwardly calculates the multiplicative consistent IFPR preserving the preference information of every element of the IFPR. Based on it, the necessary and sufficient results for the IFPR to be multiplicatively consistent are derived. By using the results, a consistency testing matrix and a consistency index that can select the most inconsistent elements in the IFPR are constructed and a method that revises them by a proper intuitionitic fuzzy numbers for improving inconsistency as well as preserving the initial preference information is proposed. Then, it is proved that the consistency index converges into zero. As a result, an acceptable consistent IFPR that preserves the preference information of every element and saves a lot of elements of the initial IFPR is constructed. In addition, this method needs a few calculations in comparison with previous methods to improve multiplicative inconsistency of IFPRs, because they calculate a multiplicative consisten IFPR by solving the optimal models constructed based on sufficient conditions for IFPRs to be mltiplicatively consistent. Finally, illustrative examples and comparative analysis are given to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method.
Growth and Yield of Onion (Allium cepa L.) as Affected by Variable Rates of Poultry Manure and Mineral Nitrogen Fertilizer at Alage, Central Rift Valley Ethiopia
Authors: Redy Nejeha , Shiferaw Aneteneh
Published: May 2024

Onion is one of the important vegetable crops produced in many home gardens and in some extent commercially in different parts of Ethiopia. Therefore, this experiment was conducted at Alage Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia with the objectives of assessing the growth, yield, and quality response of onion to the variable rates of poultry manure and mineral nitrogen fertilizer. The experiment comprising of three nitrogen levels (0, 46, and 92 kg ha-1) and four levels of poultry manure (0, 5, 10, and 15 t ha-1) were laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The result indicated that leaf length, leaf number, days to maturity, bulb length, and bulb dry matter content were significantly influenced by main factors. Application of poultry manure at the rate of 15 t ha-1 recorded the highest total bulb yield (63.33 t ha-1) and marketable bulb yield (62.52 t ha-1), but statistically, there was no significant difference between 15t ha-1 and 10t ha-1 poultry manure application. The results of the partial budget analysis showed that 15 t ha-1 poultry manure application gave the highest marginal rate of returns. Since the highest bulb yield and maximum marginal rate of returns are obtained at 15 t ha-1 poultry manure application, this rate can be recommended for onion production in the researched area, and areas having similar agro-ecologies. However, as the research is conducted for a single season and location, repeating the experiment over location and year will be required to give a conclusive recommendation.
Opinion — On a New Mechamistic Model Toward the Catalytic Reactions: From Hydrogen Combustion to Fischer-Tropsch Reaction
Authors: Sun Youyi
Published: May 2024

Mechanism research in catalytic chemistry is both fascinating and confusing, particularly when it comes to solid-state catalysts, the nature of catalytic behaviours has been unidentified so far. For a mechanistic model to be acceptable, it should have an ability to explain all unique aspects of a given catalytic reaction and provide an illuminating explanation to a widely range of catalytic reaction. In our recent reports, a new mechanistic model was suggested for catalytic CO2 reduction reaction on Cu metal and hydrogen evolution reaction on various transition metals, which provides a reasonable interpretation to both catalytic reactions (from the diversity of product distribution and catalytic behaviour of various metals). Here, it is expected to extend this new mechanistic model to a wider range of catalytic reactions over various catalysts. Such as hydrogen combustion with Cu metal adding, oxidation of SO2 by O2 to give SO3 with NO adding, conversion of CO and NO into CO2 and N2 with Ru metal adding, and hydrogeneration of propylene with Pt metal adding. Importantly, this model seems also to pertain to the mechanism of the Fischer-Tropsch (T-F) reaction, i.e. the conversion of CO and H2 to hydrocarbons, principally a mixture of linear alkanes (including methane) and alkenes, by passage over various heterogeneous transition-metal catalysts (Fe, Co, Ni et.al.).
Implementation of RDBMS in Establishing a Digital Repository for Schizophyllum Commune (Kurakding) Regional Knowledge
Authors: Briones Shane , II Salvador
Published: May 2024

Developing a relational database management system offers benefits such as organized data storage, efficient querying, data integrity, scalability, security, and enhanced collaboration. These advantages can collectively contribute to a comprehensive and reliable resource for Kurakding (Schizophyllum Commune) related information, catering to the needs of farmers, researchers, educators, enthusiasts, and other stakeholders. Kurakding, as known by the locals, is an edible and medicinally important mushroom, particularly popular in the Bicol Region of the Philippines, Southeast Asia. Rapid urbanization and growing populations threaten the mushroom’s natural habitat, leading to its scarcity and increased market value. Recognizing the potential benefits of Information Technology (IT) for agricultural development, a digital repository for Kurakding regional knowledge was implemented. The study employs a developmental and experimental research design, creating a DBMS from scratch and comparing its effectiveness against existing systems. The database development life cycle, which comprises five phases: requirements analysis, initial design, prototyping, data entry management, and full-pledged development, was strictly adopted during the design and development of the digital repository. Secondary data, research outputs, and interviews with stakeholders contributed to data gathering. Results include a conceptual framework and logical design for a KIS Repository, represented through Entity-Relationship Diagram (ERD). The ERD depicts entities such as User, Content, research, and statistics, facilitating user interaction, data management, and forum engagement. Database tables are designed to store user information, Kurakding statistics, research data, content, and forum interactions. Improving the database framework for integrating scientific data enhances its usefulness for diverse stakeholders in the Kurakding industry. This study emphasizes the importance of a digital repository in broadening knowledge about Kurakding and fostering stakeholder involvement. Ultimately, this study created a comprehensive and user-friendly resource for Kurakding-related information, facilitating its sustainable cultivation and utilization.
Practice and Understanding of Urban Dairy Farmers Towards Brucellosis at Kombolcha (Amhara Region, Ethiopia): Preliminary Study
Authors: Yirga Mekonnen
Published: May 2024

Urban dairy farmers of Kombolcha purchase pure and high-grade Holstein Friesian cows from different corners of the country regardless of being free from or certified from bovine brucellosis. In the study area (Kombolcha), documented report on practice and knowledge of urban dairy farmers towards Brucellosis is absent or not found. Therefore, it is high time to know the practice and understanding of dairy farmers about the zoonotic disease, brucellosis, and avail information to Kombolcha Regio-polytan livestock resource development office for proper support to dairy farmers. The objective of this study is, therefore, to assess the current practice and knowledge of smallholder urban dairy farmers about Brucellosis. The design of the study is cross sectional and data were collected through single-visit-multiple-subjects formal survey technique and analyzed using SPSS software. A total of 96 urban small holder dairy farms (study units) were assessed during the study period. A substantial number of respondents consume raw milk without any sort of heat treatment and do not have information on bovine brucellosis mode of transmissions. All respondents have never heard about transmission of brucellosis from animals to human beings and perform risky practices unknowingly. It is therefore, high time to aware urban dairy farmers about bovine brucellosis.
A Study of Appraisal System and Its Texture/Textuality Mechanisms
Authors: Sun Mingyue
Published: May 2024

Language, as a social symbol, functions to express world experiences, construct social role relationships, and choose words and sentences to organize discourse. The interaction between language meta-functions is a problem deserved studying. From the perspective of textual meta-function, this paper tries to discuss the mechanisms of organizing Appraisal system as a texture, and construct a rather comprehensive analysis framework of the textual devices for evaluation meaning as a whole text. The framework built consists of three strata (contextual, discourse-semantic, and lexico-grammatical), two dimensions (micro and macro), and an intermediary variable (rhetorical strategies). At the contextual stratum, the generic structure of genre and mode of register, through rhetorical strategies, determine the distribution and combination patterns of evaluative meaning at the discourse-semantic stratum. In micro dimension, cohesion, information distribution pattern, and evaluative prosody, together with theme, new information and logical semantic relations in macro dimension, are combined to organize evaluation meaning at the discourse-semantic stratum. At the lexico-grammatical stratum, Appraisal meaning is thus embodied and realized by the evaluative lexical chains, thematic structures, new information structures, connectives and meta-discourse markers at the discourse-semantic level of a text. This framework reflects the interactions between the interpersonal meta-function and textual meta-function of Appraisal system and provides insights for the development of Appraisal Theory.
Genetics and Otitis Media, Role in the Occurrence, Development and Evolution to Chronicity
Authors: Lorenzo Cándido
Published: May 2024

The explanatory theories of the etiopathogenesis and physiopathology of Otitis Media are many and unconvincing; however, they have remained with very few variations for decades. The therapeutic results (medical and surgical), despite scientific advances, do not fully satisfy the desired expectations. Nature is perfect. The animal and plant kingdoms are also. The human species has achieved this through evolution experienced over millions of years. Genetics, as a universal science, has taken care of this, being the only alternative capable of explaining and providing solutions to everything related to diseases. In fact, countless genetic factors that identify them have been discovered. The appearance, development and evolution of otitis media are due to predisposing genetic factors. These inflammations can be of primary or secondary origin. The path towards chronicity is directly related to the degree of pneumatic development of the tympanic cavity, especially the diameter of the tubal isthmus. The middle ear and the structures that are part of and correlated with it were conceived without errors. Considering that the security mechanism created to defend the tympanic cavity can be easily violated by neighborhood factors is to undervalue the role played by the evolution of the species. The reflections presented are intended to serve as motivation to create and perfect new effective therapeutic variants in the control and treatment of otitis media in its evolutionary course towards chronicity.
Retrospective Analysis of Negative Dysphotopsia After Cataract Surgery
Authors: Spöttl Tanja , Miháltz Kata , Burgmüller Michael , Huf Wolfgang , Krencioch Alina , Reiterer Giovanna , Grzybowski Andrzej , Vécsei-Marlovits Pia Veronika
Published: May 2024

Purpose: To describe the incidence and characteristics of negative dysphotopsia (ND) as well as the risk factors contributing to it. Methods: For this retrospective study, data from patients who underwent cataract surgery between January 2018 and December 2019 at our department (Department of Ophthalmology, Hietzing Hospital, Vienna, Austria) was analyzed. A total of 8122 eyes had cataract surgery performed. Three different intraocular lenses (IOLs) have been used (EyeCee® One by Bausch + Lomb, TECNIS® by Johnson & Johnson, HOYA Vivienx ™ by HOYA). Data from patients who postoperatively complained about ND as well as data from a gender and age-matched control group (34 eyes in each) was further analyzed: pupil size, axial length, anterior chamber depth, angle kappa, IOL power and other biometrical factors. The scotomas were depicted on a Harms tangent screen. Results: An incidence of 1.99% of ND was found, of which 1.58% was transient and 0.42% persistent. The average duration of the symptoms was 5.40 (±6.15) weeks in the transient ND group. In the total cohort of 8122 eyes, there was no difference in the distribution of implanted IOL types or IOL power; neither played the surgeon a significant role in the development of ND. There was no significant difference between ND and control eyes regarding pupil size, axial length, and angle kappa. The anterior chamber was significantly shallower in the ND group: 5.1±0.58mm vs. 5.41±0.61mm (p=0.03). Conclusion: According to our findings, a shallower anterior chamber poses a risk to the development of ND.
Establishing Geriatric Opiate Use Patterns in Trauma
Authors: Hammond Emily , Zhan-Moodie Samantha , Sapkalova Viktoriya , Rivera Daniel , Agrawal Rishabh , Thomas Jason , Fox Elizabeth , Lawson Andrew
Published: May 2024

Introduction: There is evidence that providers often overprescribe opiates in the postoperative period. Despite an ever-growing geriatric population, there is little research detailing current opiate usage in older patients after trauma. This population presents a unique set of challenges for pain management and prescription drug dependence due to sensitivity, a narrow therapeutic window, and high rates of pre-existing polypharmacy.

Objective: Assess the use of narcotics in geriatric trauma patients with various injury patterns to establish a reference point for future intervention for reduction in narcotic dependence.

Methods: We created a database of trauma patients’ age ≥65 years admitted to a single level 1 trauma center in the Southeastern United States during the 2019 calendar year. Information gathered included patient factors, injury patterns, operative intervention, pain medications prescribed during hospitalization and at discharge, total and average daily morphine milligram equivalents (MME) inpatient and outpatient, and requests/prescriptions for narcotics at follow-up.

Results: In 2019, there were 475 patients aged ≥65 admitted to our level 1 trauma center for acute traumatic injuries. 219 of those patients required operative intervention. Average total inpatient MME for this cohort was 169.0 with average daily MME of 22.89. The average total prescribed MME upon discharge was 79.27. There were 29 patients documented to request narcotic prescription refill at time of clinic follow-up, 27 of whom were prescribed a narcotic medication at follow-up.

Conclusion: This dataset establishes a reference point for opiate use in geriatric trauma patients to facilitate further research for mitigation of risk in this population.
Morbidity and Mortality of Trauma Patients 55 and Older: A Study of Nontrauma Risk Factors
Authors: Javier Mariel A. , Luque Ilko , Mendez Hector , Yordán López Nicole , Ramirez Marcela , Morejón Orlando , McKenney Mark
Published: May 2024

Introduction: The American College of Surgeons (ACS) recommends that special considerations be made during triage of trauma patients aged ≥55 due to an observed increase in morbidity and mortality in this population. The geriatric population aged ≥65 represents 30% of all trauma patients. Our objective was to assess which pre-existing conditions (PECs) are associated with worse outcomes in trauma patients aged ≥55. Methods: Study population was selected from the local trauma registry (2020-22). Bi-variate analysis compared PEC status with outcomes controlling for each Injury Severity Score (ISS) category. Injury Severity Score was defined as mild (1-8), moderate (9-15), severe (16-24), and critical (≥25). Results: A total of 5,168 patients were identified (54.9% female, 56.7% age ≥75, 49.1% mild injury). Patients who had chronic renal failure (CRF) were at increased odds of mortality after adjusting for mild (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.63), moderate (aOR: 2.97), severe (aOR: 2.84), and critical (aOR: 2.62) injuries. Patients who had cirrhosis or congestive heart failure (CHF) were at increased odds of mortality after adjusting for mild (aOR: 3.03, 1.61), moderate (aOR: 3.63, 2.14), and severe (aOR: 3.46, 1.93) injuries, respectively. In addition, there was a relationship between having chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), dementia, anticoagulant therapy, or diabetes with unplanned intensive care unit (ICU) admission and development of acute kidney injury (AKI). Discussion: There is an association between certain pre-exiting conditions and worse outcomes. Early identification of these factors could provide a foundation for better interdisciplinary management, prevention of complications and associated mortality.
The Effect of Spotlight on the Allocation of Voter Attention: Evidence From Block-Voting Ballots
Authors: Li Yiran , Li Tao
Published: May 2024

The prevailing notion in electoral studies suggests that salient candidates boost the visibility of their neighbors on the ballot, whereas the selective visual attention theory from psychology predicts the opposite. This article leverages the unique setting of large Chinese block-voting ballots, which originally came from Europe, to resolve the theoretical controversy. Our findings reveal that conventional ballot position effects persist, with top-listed candidates receiving more votes. More importantly, we demonstrate that a candidate who receives more votes steals the spotlight of the local neighborhood by reducing the votes of her immediate neighbors. The selective visual attention effects vanish in randomly reshuffled placebo ballots yet remain robust when we use pre-election media exposure as an instrumental variable for the votes of spotlight candidates. Our research offers a novel perspective on the interaction between voter attention and candidate positioning, supporting the selective visual attention theory within an electoral context.
Where Do They Go and Why, How Do They Vary and What Is Their Impact: Assessing Leaders’ Campaign Visits in England 2010–2019
Authors: Cutts David , Middleton Alia
Published: May 2024

Leaders’ visits are now an integral part of British general election campaigns. Yet, outside of a few cross-sectional explorations of leaders on the campaign trail, it remains under-explored. Here, we redress this imbalance. Using a unique data source collected by the authors over the four most recent British general elections, we explore where leaders visit, what determines these visits and whether the reasons have changed over time. For the first time, we also put forward an original typology of leader visits in England. Our findings detail how the type of visit varies over time according to the electoral context, by respective campaign strategies, closeness to election-day and how it is often shaped by the personalities of the leaders themselves. In the final part, our evidence suggests that leaders’ visits impact party support although the effects vary for parties across elections.
From ‘Terror State’ to Part of the ‘Jewish-Christian Civilisation’: Exploring Diversity in the German Far Right’s Position Towards Israel
Authors: Shroufi Omran
Published: May 2024

Recent shifts in West Europe have resulted in increasingly pro-Israel far-right parties. While this phenomenon remains under-theorised, existing research suggests the far right’s position is not uniform, and support for Israel is limited to contemporary radical right parties. By contrast, traditional extreme-right parties remain hostile towards Israel. To substantiate these claims, the article focuses on Germany and compares the Israel/Palestine discourse of the radical right Alternative für Deutschland and the extreme right Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschlands. The article shows how the parties adopt diametrically opposed positions, with the AfD vehemently supporting Israel while the NPD frames Israel as a pariah state. Yet, the article also highlights a similarity in the parties’ discourse, with both framing a racialised ‘other’ as ‘our’ enemy. As such, the article’s findings suggest the radical/extreme divide needs to be treated with caution. Despite adopting contrasting positions towards Israel, German far-right parties continue to have much in common.
Association Between Lifetime Interpersonal Violence and Post–COVID-19 Condition Among Women in Kentucky, 2020-2022
Authors: Güler Ayşe , Bush Heather M. , Schill Katie , Kussainov Nurlan , Coker Ann L.
Published: May 2024

Objective:

The COVID-19 pandemic increased the risk of interpersonal violence. We investigated the association between lifetime interpersonal violence experience and risk of post–COVID-19 condition (the persistence of symptoms of COVID-19 and severity of health problems associated with COVID-19 that last a few weeks, months, or years) among women with lifetime interpersonal violence experience.

Methods:

Women participants aged ≥18 years in Kentucky’s Wellness, Health & You—COVID-19 study completed online quantitative surveys about the impacts of the pandemic, developing COVID-19, and symptoms of post–COVID-19 condition. We conducted cross-sectional analyses estimating rate ratios of developing COVID-19 and symptoms of post–COVID-19 condition during the pandemic (October 13, 2020–February 28, 2022).

Results:

Of the analytic sample (N = 938), 342 (36.5%) disclosed a history of lifetime interpersonal violence. Compared with women with no lifetime interpersonal violence experience, women with lifetime interpersonal violence experience had significantly more distress because of the pandemic, defined as family financial challenges ( P = .001), symptoms of mental health challenges ( P < .001), and negative coping behaviors ( P < .001). While experiencing lifetime interpersonal violence was not significantly associated with either receiving COVID-19 vaccinations (adjusted rate ratio [aRR] = 1.10; 95% CI, 0.75-1.61) or developing COVID-19 (aRR = 1.15; 95% CI, 0.92-1.44), experiencing lifetime interpersonal violence was associated with an increased rate of developing symptoms of post–COVID-19 condition (aRR = 2.09; 95% CI, 1.19-3.65).

Conclusion:

Symptoms of post–COVID-19 condition may be linked to lifetime interpersonal violence experience, possibly through stress or violence-associated trauma. Future research is needed to assess the negative effects of the pandemic, prioritizing people with lifetime interpersonal violence experience.
Utility of combining multiple parameters of 123I-IMP SPECT and voxel-based morphometry MRI using a multiparametric scoring system for differentiating dementia with Lewy bodies from Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Matsusue Eiji , Inoue Chie , Shimoda Manabu , Nakamura Tomoya , Matsumoto Shota , Matsumoto Kensuke , Tanino Tomohiko , Nakamura Kazuhiko , Fujii Shinya
Published: May 2024

Background

Brain magnetic resonance imaging voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) are useful for differentiating dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) from Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Purpose

To determine whether combining multiple parameters of VBM and SPECT using a multiparametric scoring system (MSS) improves diagnostic accuracy in differentiating DLB from AD.

Material and Methods

In total, 23 patients with DLB and 57 patients with AD underwent imaging using a voxel-based specific regional analysis system for AD (VSRAD), an easy Z-score imaging system, and a Z-Graph using three-dimensional stereotactic surface projection. The cutoff values were determined using the receiver operating characteristic curve to differentiate DLB from AD for all parameters. Patients were scored 1 (DLB) or 0 (AD) for each statistically significant parameter, according to a threshold. The total score was determined for each case to obtain a cutoff value for the MSS.

Results

The mean Z-scores in the medial temporal lobes using the VSRAD were significantly lower in patients with DLB than in those with AD. Each Z-score of the summed Z-scores in all four segmented regions of the occipital lobes using the Z-Graph was significantly higher in patients with DLB than in those with AD. Among the five parameters, the highest accuracy was 80% for the Z-score of the summed Z-scores in the left medial occipital lobe. For the MSS, a cutoff value of four improved the diagnostic accuracy to 82%.

Conclusion

MSS was more accurate than any single parameter of VBM or SPECT in differentiating DLB from AD.
Sparrow-based optimised XGBoost blast furnace utilisation factor forecasting model
Authors: Wang Li-Jing , Liu Zhi-Ying , Li Fei , Tan Kang-Kang , Han Yang , Yang Ai-Min
Published: May 2024

An XGBoost regression blast furnace utilisation coefficient forecasting model based on sparrow optimisation is constructed. The model is to improve the blast furnace utilisation coefficient. To combine the advantages of sparrow-optimised XGBoost in terms of multiple linearity and regression, etc., and based on 652 sets of original sample information, we regress the blast furnace utilisation coefficient forecasting model with the help of sparrow-optimised XGBoost. The relationship between the regulation of economic and technical indicators (coke ratio, coal ratio, fuel ratio, etc.) and the blast furnace utilisation factor is thus determined. The accuracy of the blast furnace utilisation coefficient prediction is 93.1298%, and the RMSE of the sparrow-optimised XGBoost blast furnace utilisation coefficient prediction model is 0.2860, R2 is 0.7637 and MAPE is 0.0808. The simulation effect is effective and has considerable application prospect and promotion value in steel enterprises.
Effects of high Al content on the steel–slag reaction and inclusion formation in molten steel
Authors: Cao Lei , Guo Yuhang , Wang Guocheng
Published: May 2024

Three groups of refining experiments using the slags with different CaO/Al2O3 mass ratio (C/A = 0, 1.32 and 2.52 for No. 1 [without slag], No. 2 and No. 3) were carried out. The experiment results show that the increase of C/A led to the decrease of Al content. The steel–slag–inclusion multiphase reactions (SSIMR) model under high Al content conditions was constructed by the effective equilibrium reaction zone and FactSage 8.2 software. The modeling predictions of changes of [Al], [Ca] and [Mg] and SiO2, MgO and CaO in the slag are consistent with the experimental results. The SSIMR modeling suggested that the reactivity of [Al] and SiO2 in slag decreased with the increase of C/A, while the reactivity of [Al] and CaO in slag increased with the increase of C/A. The increase of C/A has little effect on the reaction between [Al] and MgO in slag. Inclusion observations in the No. 2 and No. 3 experiments show that inclusions change from Al2O3 and MgAl2O4 in early stages to CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 inclusions in the late stages. This study may help predict steel–slag reaction and inclusion formation under high Al content conditions.
A journey: Achieving 11KT of daily hot metal production milestone at blast furnace 1, Tata Steel Kalinganagar
Authors: Barman Sagar C , Bag Basudeb , Rai Shailendra , Bansal Ankit , Kansabanik Nabendu , Chollangi Arun K
Published: May 2024

Blast Furnace 1 at TATA Steel Limited, Kalinganagar has consistently produced 10,000 ton of hot metal daily. Through a shift in operational philosophy and relentless efforts to sustain the driving rate, the aspiration to reach 11,000 ton of hot metal production was successfully realized. This paper delves into the identification of the key enablers, their impact on crucial process parameters, and the invaluable insights gained during this transformative journey. The study rigorously explores the influence of various process variables on furnace productivity, encompassing top gas pressure, burden distribution, optimized slag regime, raceway adiabatic flame temperature, PCI injection rate, and casting practices. Additionally, it analyses the trial of incorporating colemanite powder with the objective of enhancing furnace permeability. A controlled approach to colemanite injection, optimized through an in-house developed injection route, facilitated increased wind volume at the same differential pressure across the furnace. This paper also presents comprehensive results and observations stemming from the combined injection of colemanite and PCI.
Temperature prediction model for ladle furnace based on mathematical mechanisms and the GA–BP algorithm
Authors: Feng Meng-long , Lin Lu , He Sai , Li Xiang-chen , Hou Zhong-xiao , Yao Tong-lu
Published: May 2024

This study addresses the prediction inaccuracy and poor adaptability of conventional temperature prediction models for ladle furnace refining. The historical production data of a steel plant were used to establish a hybrid prediction model based on mathematical mechanisms and a backpropagation neural network optimized using a genetic algorithm. The coefficient of determination ( R 2) of the hybrid model was 0.98, and the hit ratio of temperature prediction within ±5°C was 99.3%. The ladle's thermal status affected the model prediction accuracy. A steel plant with a compact production rhythm and good baking state was less affected by the ladle's thermal status. The model input variables exhibited varying degrees of influence on the end temperature of molten steel in two steel plants with the starting temperature of the molten steel entering the station having the greatest influence. For accurate temperature control and prediction in actual production, high-influence variables must be given focus to ensure their stable control and process interference must be mitigated.
Influencing mechanism of (V, Ti)@(C, N) compounds on the viscosity of hot metal
Authors: Jiang Zhengxue , Yu Wenzhou , Song Lanjiang , Hou Piao , Hu Meilong , Bai Chenguang
Published: May 2024

The precipitation of the (V, Ti)@(C, N) compounds, for example, VC, VN, TiC and TiN, in the hot metal during the ironmaking process may result in high viscosity of the hot metal and cause a negative impact on the process. How to control the precipitation of the (V, Ti)@(C, N) compounds is a significant issue for the high-efficient ironmaking. In this paper, the precipitation behaviour of the (V, Ti)@(C, N) compounds and its effect on the viscosity of the hot metal were investigated. The theoretical analysis results show that the precipitation temperature of the (V, Ti)@(C, N) compounds increases with the increasing content of vanadium, titanium, silicon and manganese, while it decreases with the that of sulphur and phosphorus in hot metal. Additionally, the viscosity-measuring was carried out by a self-developed melt viscometer, and the results show that the viscosity of the hot metal can be affected significantly by the vanadium content. As the vanadium content exceeds 0.3 wt.%, the viscosity of the hot metal increases sharply with the increasing of vanadium content, which will have a serious impact on the fluidity of the hot metal. Furthermore, the precipitation product in the hot metal was confirmed to be the (V, Ti)@(C, N) compounds by using the scanning electron microscope and the energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, which proved that the compounds mainly consist of the V, Ti, C and N elements.