bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Deep Learning in Integrated Pest Management: A Real-Time System for Detection and Diagnosis of Oilseed Rape Pests
Authors: He Yong , Zeng Hong , Fan Yangyang , Ji Shuaisheng , Wu Jianjian
Published: July 2019

In this paper, we proposed an approach to detect oilseed rape pests based on deep learning, which improves the mean average precision (mAP) to 77.14%; the result increased by 9.7% with the original model. We adopt this model to mobile platform to let every farmer able to use this program, which will diagnose pests in real time and provide suggestions on pest controlling. We designed an oilseed rape pest imaging database with 12 typical oilseed rape pests and compared the performance of five models, SSD w/Inception is chosen as the optimal model. Moreover, for the purpose of the high mAP, we have used data augmentation (DA) and added a dropout layer. The experiments are performed on the Android application we developed, and the result shows that our approach surpasses the original model obviously and is helpful for integrated pest management. This application has improved environmental adaptability, response speed, and accuracy by contrast with the past works and has the advantage of low cost and simple operation, which are suitable for the pest monitoring mission of drones and Internet of Things (IoT).
A Two‐Layer Hydrostatic‐Reconstruction Method for High‐Resolution Solving of the Two‐Layer Shallow‐Water Equations over Uneven Bed Topography
Authors: Lin Jiang , Mao Bing , Lu Xinhua
Published: July 2019

In this study, attention is focused on numerically solving the two‐dimensional, two‐layer nonlinear shallow‐water equations (2LSWEs) over uneven bed topography. A two‐layer hydrostatic‐reconstruction method (2LHRM) is proposed for face value reconstructions. A numerical model is then developed based on the 2LHRM in the framework of finite‐volume methods using the slope‐limited centered (SLIC) approximate Riemann solver for flux evaluations. The validations against various benchmark tests show that the 2LHRM by working with the SLIC scheme predicts robust solutions around large gradients and is able to simulate lake‐at‐rest solutions without using any ad‐hoc techniques.
p38/TF/HIF-α Signaling Pathway Participates in the Progression of CIPN in Mice
Authors: Yang Yang , Hu Liang , Wang Chaoyu , Yang Xing , Song Ling , Jiang Chunyi , Li Yan , Li Tianxi , Liu Wen-Tao , Feng Jifeng
Published: July 2019

Chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a serious adverse effect of chemotherapeutics with limited pathogenetic mechanism been known. Whether microcirculatory disturbance is involved in CIPN has not been reported. Considering that tissue factor (TF) is an endogenous coagulation factor, we hypothesize CIPN may be induced by the high expression of TF in macrophages and sciatic nerve, which induces the molecular signal related to ischemia and hypoxia. Oxaliplatin (L-OHP) was used to establish CIPN model. Von Frey Hairs was used to measure nociception. The murine macrophage cell line Raw 264.7 was used for cell experiments. Gelatin zymography and western blotting were used to measure the activity or expression of protein. TF expression and MMP-9/2 activity in sciatic nerve and blood are significantly increased by L-OHP. L-OHP increased the release of HSP70 from macrophage and enhanced the expression of p-p38 and HIF-1α in vivo and in vitro. Hirudin significantly suppressed the overexpression of p38, HIF-1α and activation of MMP-9/2 induced by L-OHP and attenuated CIPN in mice. This study suggests that a novel HSP70-TLR-4-p38-TF-HIF-1a axis may play a pivotal role in the pathological process of CIPN. It is also shown that the use of anticoagulant Hirudin can inhibit the above mechanisms and improve CIPN.
Retrospective Analysis of the Correlation between Uric Acid and Thyroid Hormone in People with Normal Thyroid Function
Authors: Chao Guanqun , Zhu Yue , Fang Lizheng
Published: July 2019

Objective. This study adopts the method of retrospective analysis to collect general information and laboratory results of physical examination population, hoping to clarify the correlation between uric acid and thyroid hormone. Methods. The subjects of the study were healthy subjects who underwent physical examination at the Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital affiliated to the Medical College of Zhejiang University from January 2016 to December 2018. Demographic information and medical history of all subjects were recorded through an electronic health system. Serum uric acid (SUA) was grouped by quartiles. Statistical analyses were performed with R version 3.5.1. Results. A total of 48,526 subjects were included in the analysis. Gender ratio, age, BMI, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, FBG, HbA1c, TG, HDL-C, ALT, AST, FT3, FT4, and TSH were significantly different among the uric acid groups. The regression coefficients of SUA in the TSH, FT3, and FT4 regression models were B=1.000 (95% CI 1.000-1.000, p=0.009), B=0.999 (95% CI 0.999-0.999, p<0.001), and B=1.001 (95% CI 1.001-1.001,  p<0.001), respectively. There was a significant dose-dependent relationship between FT4, FT3, and SUA gradient. Conclusions. Under normal thyroid function, there were significant differences in TSH, FT3, and FT4 between groups with different uric acid levels. Uric acid levels were linearly correlated with FT3 and FT4, but not with TSH.
Apixaban in Comparison to Warfarin for Stroke Prevention in Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies
Authors: Siddiqui Muhammad U. , Scalzitti David , Naeem Zunaira
Published: July 2019

Introduction. Atrial fibrillation leads to increased risk of systemic embolism and stroke. To decrease these adverse events, anticoagulation is routinely prescribed. Nonvitamin K anticoagulants like apixaban and rivaroxaban are becoming popular and being used more frequently nowadays. We here compare the efficacy and safety of apixaban with those of warfarin. Methods and Analysis. This systematic review aims to assess the efficacy and safety of apixaban compared to those of warfarin. Eligible participants were adults diagnosed with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. The intervention was apixaban, and the comparator was warfarin. The primary efficacy endpoint is the first admission with systemic embolism or stroke, and the primary safety outcome is the occurrence of major bleeding. Relevant studies were searched in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, PubMed, and clinicaltrials.gov. After being independently reviewed by two authors, five articles were included in the systematic review. The risk of bias of included studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool and SIGN methodology. The RevMan software was used to assess the effect size and perform meta-analysis. Results. Apixaban was found to be superior to warfarin in terms of safety (RR 0.58; CI 0.52–0.66) but not superior to warfarin in terms of efficacy (RR 0.93; CI 0.70–1.24). Conclusion. Apixaban is superior to warfarin in terms of safety, but no difference in efficacy is noted. The choice of anticoagulation should be individualized based on the risk factor profile of the patient.
Inability to Walk Predicts Death among Adult Patients in Hospitals in Malawi
Authors: Kayambankadzanja Raphael Kazidule , Schell Carl Otto , Nsanjama Grace , Mbingwani Isaac , Kwazizira Mndolo Samson , Rylance Jamie , Baker Tim
Published: July 2019

Objective. Vital signs are often used in triage, but some may be difficult to assess in low-resource settings. A patient’s ability to walk is a simple and rapid sign that requires no equipment or expertise. This study aimed to determine the predictive performance for death of an inability to walk among hospitalized Malawian adults and to compare its predictive value with the vital signs-based National Early Warning Score (NEWS). Methods. It is a prospective cohort study of adult in-patients on selected days in two hospitals in Malawi. Patients were asked to walk five steps with close observation and their vital signs were assessed. Sensitivities, specificities, and predictive values for in-patient death of an inability to walk were calculated and an inability to walk was compared with NEWS. Results. Four-hundred and forty-three of the 1094 participants (40.5%) were unable to walk independently. In this group, 70 (15.8 %) died in-hospital compared to 16 (2.5%) among those who could walk: OR 7.4 (95% CI 4.3-13.0 p<0.001). Inability to walk had a sensitivity for death of 81.4%, specificity of 63.0%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 15.8%, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 97.5%. NEWS>6 had sensitivity 70.9%, specificity 70.6%, PPV 17.1%, and NPV 96.6%. An inability to walk had a fair concordance with NEWS>6 (kappa 0.21). Conclusion. Inability to walk predicted mortality as well as NEWS among hospitalized adults in Malawi. Patients who were able to walk had a low risk of death. Walking ability could be considered an additional vital sign and may be useful for triage.
Scanning Electron Microscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy: Topographic and Dynamical Surface Studies of Blends, Composites, and Hybrid Functional Materials for Sustainable Future
Authors: Rydz Joanna , Šišková Alena , Andicsová Eckstein Anita
Published: July 2019

Microscopic techniques are often used in material science, enabling the assessment of the morphology, composition, physical properties, and dynamic behaviour of materials. The review focuses on the topographic and dynamical surface studies of (bio)degradable polymers, in particular aliphatic polyesters, the most promising ones. The (bio)degradation process promotes physical and chemical changes in material properties that can be characterised by microscopic techniques. These changes occurring both under controlled conditions as well as in the processing stage or during use indicate morphological and structural transformations resulting from the deterioration of the material and have a significant impact on the characteristic of materials used in many applications, for example, for use as packaging.
Structural Evolution of Burmese Amber during Petrifaction Based on a Comparison of the Spectral Characteristics of Amber, Copal, and Rosin
Authors: Bai Feng , Liang Huifang , Qu Hongting
Published: July 2019

This paper presents a spectroscopic analysis and solubility study of rosin, copal, and Burmese amber samples to reveal the structural changes that occur during amber formation. The infrared spectra indicate that during the long geological process of amber formation, small resin molecules first crosslinked and slowly oxidized, eventually forming a stable organic polymer mixture. An analysis of Raman peak areas demonstrated that among the tested samples, the degree of polymerization is highest in Burmese amber and lowest in rosin. Ultraviolet-visible spectra indicate the presence of unsaturated bonds (e.g., carbonyl groups) or conjugated systems in Burmese amber, copal, and rosin. The evaluation of amber, rosin, and copal solubility in six solvents (ethanol, acetone, 1,4-dioxane, ethylacetate, N,N-dimethylamide, and dichloromethane) demonstrated that solubility decreases in the following order: rosin > copal > Burmese amber. Together, the results suggest that the structure of Burmese amber includes large organic molecules containing six-membered rings along with CH2, CH3, C=O, C=C, C–O, and C–C groups.
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Pregnancy: Modeling of the Fetal Absorbed Dose
Authors: Kuba Kfier , Wolfe Diana , Schoenfeld Alan H. , Bortnick Anna E.
Published: July 2019

There is a gap in the literature regarding fetal radiation exposure from interventional cardiac procedures. With an increasingly large and complex cohort of pregnant cardiac patients, it is necessary to evaluate the safety of invasive cardiac procedures and interventions in this population. Here we present a case of a patient with multiple medical comorbidities and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) at 15 weeks’ gestation, managed with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We were able to minimize the maternal and estimated fetal absorbed radiation dose to <1 milliGray (mGy), significantly less than the threshold dose for fetal adverse effects at this gestational age.
Inhibition of TGF-β1 Signaling by IL-15: A Novel Role for IL-15 in the Control of Renal Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition: IL-15 Counteracts TGF-β1-Induced EMT in Renal Fibrosis
Authors: Devocelle Aurore , Lecru Lola , François Hélène , Desterke Christophe , Gallerne Cindy , Eid Pierre , Estelle Oberlin , Azzarone Bruno , Giron-Michel Julien
Published: July 2019

Renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis is the final common pathway in end-stage renal disease and is characterized by aberrant accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components secreted by myofibroblasts. Tubular type 2 EMT, induced by TGF-β, plays an important role in renal fibrosis, by participating directly or indirectly in myofibroblasts generation. TGF-β1-induced apoptosis and fibrosis in experimental chronic murine kidney diseases are concomitantly associated with an intrarenal decreased expression of the IL-15 survival factor. Since IL-15 counteracts TGF-β1 effects in different cell models, we analyzed whether (1) human chronic inflammatory nephropathies evolving towards fibrosis could be also characterized by a weak intrarenal IL-15 expression and (2) IL-15 could inhibit epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and excess matrix deposition in human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (RPTEC). Our data show that different human chronic kidney diseases are characterized by a strong decreased expression of intrarenal IL-15, which is particularly relevant in diabetic nephropathy, in which type 2 tubular EMT plays an important role in fibrosis. Moreover, primary epithelial tubular cultures deprived of growth supplements rapidly produce active TGF-β1 inducing a “spontaneous” EMT process characterized by the loss of membrane-bound IL-15 (mbIL-15) expression. Both “spontaneous” EMT and recombinant human (rh) TGF-β1-induced EMT models can be inhibited by treating RPTEC and HK2 cells with rhIL-15. Through a long-lasting phospho-c-jun activation, IL-15 inhibits rhTGF-β1-induced Snail1 expression, the master inducer of EMT, and blocks TGF-β1-induced tubular EMT and downstream collagen synthesis. In conclusion, our data suggest that intrarenal IL-15 could be a natural inhibitor of TGF-β in human kidney able to guarantee epithelial homeostasis and to prevent EMT process. Thus, both in vivo and in vitro an unbalance in intrarenal IL-15 and TGF-β1 levels could render RPTEC cells more prone to undergo EMT process. Exogenous IL-15 treatment could be beneficial in some human nephropathies such as diabetic nephropathy.
A Method for Analyzing Hand‐Transmitted Vibration Characteristics in the Hand‐Arm Parts When Operating the Portable Pneumatic Extinguisher
Authors: Wen Jian , Ma Wenkai , Li Wenbin
Published: July 2019

This study presents the vibration transfer characteristics and the vibration absorption power distribution of the specific working condition of a portable pneumatic extinguisher. A hand‐transmitted vibration biomechanical model of the hand‐arm system was developed. Using a vibration test platform, the model parameters were derived simultaneously, and the driving‐point mechanical impedance and distributed vibration transmissibility were measured. The vibration transmissibility of the wrist, forearm, and upper arm measured by the model was compared with the measured data of a 6MF‐30 portable pneumatic extinguisher. The vibration power absorption distributions were estimated by the model and were compared with the actual vibration power absorption distributions at 3400 r/min, 5000 r/min, and 7000 r/min, respectively. The results showed that the predicted response of the model agreed well with the measured data in distribution, total impedance, and phase and can accurately fit the response curve of hand‐transmitted vibration. This study discussed the vibration response of the hand‐arm in the operation of the portable pneumatic extinguisher from the view of biomechanics. The analyses confirmed that the proposed model can be used as an effective tool for predicting the vibration responses of the hand‐arm during the operation of a portable pneumatic extinguisher.
Adrenal Insufficiency Secondary to Peritoneal Dialysis-Related Peritonitis: A Case Report
Authors: Gökalp Cenk , Yildiz Faruk , Tuzun Simge , Karadag Gorkem , Kurultak Ilhan , Ustundag Sedat
Published: July 2019

Peritoneal dialysis (PD)-related peritonitis is one of the most important factors affecting the long-term success of PD. Adrenal insufficiency is a clinical manifestation of inadequate production of glucocorticoids with accompanying deficiency of mineralocorticoids and adrenal androgens. We present a 58-year-old PD patient who admitted to hospital with fever, abdominal pain, vomiting, and confusion. The patient was treated with cephazolin and ceftazidime after the confirmation of peritonitis. Despite the resolution of peritonitis after 2 weeks with appropriate antibiotic treatment, the patient continued to suffer from vomiting, hypotension, and confusion. After the evaluation of basal serum cortisol and 250 µg ACTH stimulation test, the patient had been diagnosed as adrenal insufficiency and treated with fludrocortisone 0.1 mg/day. Patients remaining vomiting, hypotension, and confusion symptoms were corrected after the fludrocortisone therapy. Following 2 months of successful treatment of adrenal insufficiency, the patient had adherence problem with fludrocortisone for 3–4 weeks. On an outpatient visit, serum ACTH and cortisol levels were normal despite the discontinuation of fludrocortisone and so the patient had been evaluated as partial adrenal insufficiency secondary to PD-related peritonitis. In conclusion, adrenal insufficiency should be kept in mind in PD patients suffering from hypotension and peritonitis.
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy with Wall-Eyed Bilateral Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia Syndrome: Authors’ Second Case
Authors: Matsumoto Hideyuki , Inaba Tatsurou , Kakumoto Toshiyuki , Miyano Ryoji , Uchio Naohiro , Sakurai Yasuhisa
Published: July 2019

Wall-eyed bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia (WEBINO) syndrome has previously been reported in only 2 patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). Herein, we report a third case of WEBINO syndrome with PSP. The patient was an 81-year-old man who had experienced gradually increasing gait disturbance and occasional falls since the age of 78 years. At 80 years of age, he presented with cognitive impairment, parkinsonism, and oculomotor abnormalities. The oculomotor abnormalities consisted of vertical gaze palsy and loss of eye convergence. Brain magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated marked atrophy of the midbrain. He was diagnosed with PSP. At the age of 81 years, he presented with alternating extropia in his forward gaze and adduction paresis and outward nystagmus of the abducted eye in his horizontal gaze, both of which were compatible with WEBINO syndrome. Previously, we reported the first case of PSP with WEBINO syndrome, and another group recently reported a second case. In light of the previous cases and the present case, WEBINO syndrome in PSP should not be considered extremely rare. Furthermore, WEBINO syndrome has not been reported in other neurodegenerative disorders, which suggests that it might be a useful and specific diagnostic finding in PSP.
Predictors and Results of Negative Ureteroscopy for Treatment of Consecutive Ureteric Stones Done as a Primary Procedure: Prospective Outcomes from a University Hospital
Authors: Prattley Sarah , Rice Patrick , Pietropaolo Amelia , Geraghty Robert , Babawale Omikunle , Somani Bhaskar K.
Published: July 2019

Introduction: While negative ureteroscopy (URS) can be considered as an unnecessary procedure with medico-legal consequences, this avoids radiation from repeat CT scan and sometimes may be the only way to reassure patients with ongoing symptoms. We wanted to analyze our predictors and results of negative URS for treatment of ureteric stones. Methods and Materials: Between March 2012 and August 2018, data on consecutive patients with ureteric stones undergoing a primary URS (without a pre-operative stent) were prospectively collected for patient demographics and outcomes. Comparison was done for patients with diagnostic and therapeutic primary URS for ureteric stones. Patients with renal stones were excluded from the study. Results: A total of 270 patients underwent URS for ureteric stones during the study period of which 35 (13%) had a negative diagnostic URS. The patients who had negative URS were younger (p = 0.001), had smaller stones (p < 0.001), and more stones located in the distal ureter or vesico-ureteric junction (VUJ; p= 0.036). None of the patients who underwent negative URS had a postoperative stent inserted or any complications. Conclusion: Although the rates of negative URS should be as low as possible, it seems to be safe and reassures patients with on-going symptoms. Based on our data, patients with small distal ureteric or VUJ stones should undergo a repeat imaging to avoid this unnecessary procedure. Informed consent, patient counseling, and appropriate up-to-date imaging seem to be key to minimizing negative diagnostic URS.
Traduzindo de um cenário a outro
Authors: Cândido Moura Willian Henrique
Published: July 2019

Resenha do livro De um cenário a outro: os bastidores de um laboratório de tradução.
Translation issues in the dialect comprehension support tool for foreign residents in the Tohoku region: contrastive research of Tohoku dialect and portuguese language
Authors: 斎藤 敬太
Published: July 2019

東北地方の外国人住民の方言理解支援ツールとして作成した『東北地方の外国人住民のための「くらしの方言集」』(“Coleção de Dialetos da Vida Diária” para estrangeiros residentes da região de Tohoku no Japão)において採用したポルトガル語翻訳について、東北方言からの翻訳上の問題点を考察するために、翻訳した各単語についてポルトガル語翻訳者への聞き取り調査を実施した。その結果、東北方言からポルトガル語へ翻訳する際の言語学的な問題点として、「I　意味論的問題」として「I-a.　方言のほうがポルトガル語より意味範疇が広い」「I-b.　方言のほうがポルトガル語より意味範疇が狭い」「I-c.　ポルトガル語に適切な語がなく説明的になる」の3つの場合が存在し、「II　意味論以外の問題」として「II-a.　発音規則」「II-b.　語順」「II-c.　テンス・アスペクト」「II-d.　人称」「II-e.　対象」「II-f.　言い回し」の6つの問題点が明らかになった。
CETICISMO, VERDADE E VIDA
Authors: Loque Flavio Fontenelle
Published: July 2019

O ceticismo antigo se concebia como um modo de vida. Para acadêmicos e pirrônicos, a suspensão do juízo era o único caminho para a felicidade e a sabedoria. Na Antiguidade, essa filosofia recebeu inúmeras críticas, como o argumento da apraxia, mas talvez a principal delas (e a mais influente na Modernidade) tenha sido a de Agostinho, que buscou reformular o conceito de sabedoria. Para Agostinho, a sabedoria não pode ser definida como mera abstenção do erro e a felicidade não é concebível sem a presença daquilo que se deseja. De Cícero e Sexto Empírico a Agostinho, portanto, há uma transformação muito relevante na maneira de se avaliar a relação entre a verdade e o bem viver, que, quando compreendida, permite que se perceba com mais clareza as diferenças entre autores modernos como, por exemplo, Montaigne e Pascal.
TACIT (High Sensitivity Troponin T Rules Out Acute Cardiac Insufficiency Trial)
Authors: Pang Peter S. , Fermann Gregory J. , Hunter Benton R. , Levy Phillip D. , Lane Kathleen A. , Li Xiaochun , Cole Mette , Collins Sean P.
Published: July 2019

Background:

Identifying low-risk acute heart failure patients safe for discharge from the emergency department is a major unmet need.

Methods AND RESULTS:

A prospective, observational, multicenter pilot study targeting lower risk acute heart failure patients to determine whether hsTnT (high-sensitivity troponin T) identifies emergency department acute heart failure patients at low risk for rehospitalization and mortality. hsTnT was drawn at baseline and 3 hours. Phone follow-up occurred at 30 and 90 days. The primary end point composite of all-cause mortality, rehospitalization, and emergency department visits at 90 days (changed from 30 days because of lack of mortality events), analyzed using logistic regression. Secondary end points: 30- and 90-day all-cause mortality. hsTnT values less than the 99th percentile were defined as low hsTnT. Out of 527 enrolled patients, 499 comprised the initial analysis set. Of these, 332 had both 0- and 3-hour hsTnT drawn, of whom 319 completed 30 day follow-up. The average age was 62, 60% male, and 57% black. Median hsTnT was 26.4 ng/L (interquartile range, 15.1–44.3). There were 99 (21%) 30-day composite events, 13 (2.7%) deaths at 30 days, and 25 deaths (8.2%) at 90 days. Serial hsTnT values below the 99th percentile were not associated with a lower risk for the 90-day primary composite end point (odds ratio, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.42–1.50;
P
=0.4736). However, no deaths occurred in the low hsTnT group at 30 days with 1 death at 90 days.

Conclusions:

hsTnT did not identify patients at low risk for the primary outcome of rehospitalization, emergency department visits, and mortality at 90 days.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT02592135.
Race/Ethnicity and Neighborhood Characteristics Are Associated With Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Pediatric Out‐of‐Hospital Cardiac Arrest in the United States: A Study From CARES
Authors: Naim Maryam Y. , Griffis Heather M. , Burke Rita V. , McNally Bryan F. , Song Lihai , Berg Robert A. , Nadkarni Vinay M. , Vellano Kimberly , Markenson David , Bradley Richard N. , Rossano Joseph W.
Published: July 2019

Background

Whether racial and neighborhood characteristics are associated with bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (
BCPR
) in pediatric out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (
OHCA
) is unknown.

Methods and Results

An analysis was conducted of CARES (Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival) for pediatric nontraumatic
OHCA
s from 2013 to 2017. An index (range, 0–4) was created for each arrest based on neighborhood characteristics associated with low
BCPR
(>80% black; >10% unemployment; <80% high school; median income, <$50 000). The primary outcome was
BCPR
.
BCPR
occurred in 3399 of 7086
OHCA
s (48%). Compared with white children,
BCPR
was less likely in other races/ethnicities (black: adjusted odds ratio [
aOR
], 0.59; 95%
CI
, 0.52–0.68; Hispanic:
aOR
, 0.78; 95%
CI
, 0.66–0.94; and other:
aOR
, 0.54; 95%
CI
, 0.40–0.72). Compared with arrests in neighborhoods with an index score of 0,
BCPR
occurred less commonly for arrests with an index score of 1 (
aOR
, 0.80; 95%
CI
, 0.70–0.91), 2 (
aOR
, 0.75; 95%
CI
, 0.65–0.86), 3 (
aOR
, 0.52; 95%
CI
, 0.45–0.61), and 4 (
aOR
, 0.46; 95%
CI
, 0.36–0.59). Black children had an incrementally lower likelihood of
BCPR
with increasing index score while white children had an overall similar likelihood at most scores. Black children with an index of 4 were approximately half as likely to receive
BCPR
compared with white children with a score of 0.

Conclusions

Racial and neighborhood characteristics are associated with
BCPR
in pediatric
OHCA
. Targeted
CPR
training for nonwhite, low‐education, and low‐income neighborhoods may increase
BCPR
and improve pediatric
OHCA
outcomes.
Prediction of Aneurysm Stability Using a Machine Learning Model Based on PyRadiomics-Derived Morphological Features
Authors: Liu QingLin , Jiang Peng , Jiang YuHua , Ge HuiJian , Li ShaoLin , Jin HengWei , Li YouXiang
Published: July 2019

Background and Purpose—

Discrimination of the stability of intracranial aneurysms is critical for determining the treatment strategy, especially in small aneurysms. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of applying machine learning for predicting aneurysm stability with radiomics-derived morphological features.

Methods—

Morphological features of 719 aneurysms were extracted from PyRadiomics, of which 420 aneurysms with Maximum3DDiameter ranging from 4 mm to 8 mm were enrolled for analysis. The stability of these aneurysms and other clinical characteristics were reviewed from the medical records. Based on the morphologies with/without clinical features, machine learning models were constructed and compared to define the morphological determinants and screen the optimal model for predicting aneurysm stability. The effect of clinical characteristics on the morphology of unstable aneurysms was analyzed.

Results—

Twelve morphological features were automatically extracted from PyRadiomics implemented in Python for each aneurysm. Lasso regression defined Flatness as the most important morphological feature to predict aneurysm stability, followed by SphericalDisproportion, Maximum2DDiameterSlice, and SurfaceArea. SurfaceArea (odds ratio [OR], 0.697; 95% CI, 0.476–0.998), SphericalDisproportion (OR, 1.730; 95% CI, 1.143–2.658), Flatness (OR, 0.584; 95% CI, 0.374–0.894), Hyperlipemia (OR, 2.410; 95% CI, 1.029–5.721), Multiplicity (OR, 0.182; 95% CI, 0.082–0.380), Location at middle cerebral artery (OR, 0.359; 95% CI, 0.134–0.902), and internal carotid artery (OR, 0.087; 95% CI, 0.030–0.211) were enrolled into the final prediction model. In terms of performance, the area under curve of the model reached 0.853 (95% CI, 0.767–0.940). For unstable aneurysms, Compactness1 (
P
=0.035), Compactness2 (
P
=0.036), Sphericity (
P
=0.035), and Flatness (
P
=0.010) were low, whereas SphericalDisproportion (
P
=0.034) was higher in patients with hypertension.

Conclusions—

Morphological features extracted from PyRadiomics can be used for aneurysm stratification. Flatness is the most important morphological determinant to predict aneurysm stability. Our model can be used to predict aneurysm stability. Unstable aneurysm is more irregular in patients with hypertension.
Pluralism, Tolerance and Control: On the Millet System and the Question of Minorities
Authors: Cakal Ergun
Published: July 2019

State accommodation of plural identity has remained very much subject to the contestations of a majority/minority paradigm, through which autonomy and tolerance are still negotiated and filtered. These social reconfigurations, including those oriented towards internal self-determination and minority rights regimes, reveal glimpses of a dark neo-colonial underbelly to state rule. A comparison between the Ottoman millet system and the Israeli control system illustrates that imperial modes of ‘divide and rule’, or ‘segmented pluralism’, continue to operate, and are sometimes even enhanced, through the deployment of minority rights. Using a selective Marxist reading, this paper will initially explore the parallels between imperial and modern state rule in the face of pluralism before discussing the methods used for hegemony-maintenance, including: segmentation; dependence; and cooptation. Finally, a socio-legal discussion on the ways in which the forces of hegemony are heavily guised and sustained will follow.
Inks as Instruments of Writing
Authors: Raggetti Lucia
Published: July 2019

A short treatise attributed to Ibn al-Ǧazarī (born Damascus 751/1351) deals with what was considered necessary knowledge about the art and craft of penmanship. Along with linguistic and antiquarian remarks, scribal practices, and social applications of writing, an entire section is devoted to the preparation of inks. The selection of recipes includes different ink typologies and technical approaches to ink making, with a preference for metallic compounds; the manipulation of metallic substances often absorbed technological aspects of alchemical practice. This article provides an edition and a commented English translation of the section on inks in the Book on the Art of Penmanship, as preserved by its unique manuscript witness, MS Berlin Sprenger 1918. A recipe for the distillation of an artificial golden ink has been replicated in order to better understand the interaction between the text and the chemical reality behind it.
‮قيد تفريغ الكتب نسخاً ومعارضة في مخطوطات علم الحديث في القرون من الخامس حتى السابع الهجرية‬‎
Authors: ‮الجوماني‬‎ ‮د. سعيد ضامن‬‎
Published: July 2019

‮الملخص‬‎

‮يعرِض هذا المقال قيداً جديداً من قيود توثيق المخطوطات، وهو قيد تفريغ الكتب نسخاً ومعارضةَ. الذي تتمحور وظيفته في إثبات أصالة النسخة التي جاء عليها، وإثبات جزءٍ من نسب النسخ المتفرِعَة عنها، كما تمَّ في ثنايا البحث التفريق بين إجازتي السماع والقراءة مع تحديد سبل الكشف عنهما. وتتألف عينةُ الدراسة من مجاميع مكتبة المدرسة العمرية المحفوظة في المكتبة الوطنية بدمشق، والمتاحة على موقع الألوكة.‬‎
Collection and preservation of Trichoptera for use in DNA research
Authors: FRANDSEN PAUL B. , THOMSON ROBIN E.
Published: July 2019

Methods of preservation for DNA work for Trichoptera are presented for both adult and immature stages.
Re-habitation and changes in the genetic diversity of aquatic insects in a newly restored shoal type habitat created as the result of a nature restoration project in the central basin of the Chikuma-gawa River

Authors: SAITO RIE , SEKINÉ KAZUKI , TOJO KOJI
Published: July 2019

The channels of almost all rivers in Japan have been fixed through the construction of artificial riverbanks to control flooding. In addition, to prevent flooding, maintenance works including the removal of gravel from the channels must be conducted regularly. As a result, the level of most riverbeds within river channels has been lowered, and riverbanks have become far steeper. These large changes to riverside environments have significantly altered the type of habitats available to plants, causing the level of vegetation growth on the riverside to increase. To improve such flood control methods, a new excavation project has commenced in the central area of the Chikuma-gawa River basin, under the auspices of the newly commissioned “Government Nature Restoration Project”. As part of this project, a large shallow environment approximately 1 km in length along the river’s course was newly created. We have attempted to evaluate the impact of this project and the subsequent environmental response, focusing on two dominant benthos, Stenopsyche marmorata and Isonychia japonica, particularly the dynamics of their genetic structure and diversity. Following the excavation of riverbanks and channels, the population density reached the same levels as at the control site, in a relatively short period of time. This is because the research site was limited to a small area within the large-scale river basin, with robust habitats located both upstream and downstream. The two target species in this study represent typical dominant species in the central basin of this river, and occur at high density. In other words, they could be transferred smoothly from the surrounding robust habitats, especially by the flow from upstream.
The Effect of Turbulence on the Accretional Growth of Graupel
Authors: Jost Alexander , Szakáll Miklós , Diehl Karoline , Mitra Subir Kumar , Hundertmark Anna , Klug Birte Salome , Borrmann Stephan
Published: July 2019

Wind tunnel experiments were carried out to investigate the influence of turbulence on the collection kernel of graupel. The collection kernel defines the growth rate of a graupel accreting supercooled droplets as it falls through a cloud. The ambient conditions were similar to those occurring typically in the mixed-phase zone of convective clouds, that is, at temperatures between −7° and −16°C and with liquid water contents from 0.5 to 1.3 g m−3. Tethered spherical collectors with radii between 220 and 340 μm were exposed in a flow carrying supercooled droplets with a mean volume radius of 10 μm. The vertical root-mean-square fluctuation velocity, the dissipation rate, and the Taylor-microscale Reynolds number of the turbulent flow were determined as urms = 0.13 m s−1, ε = 0.13 m2 s−3, and Rλ = 48, respectively. The collection kernels of tethered graupel grown under laminar and turbulent conditions revealed no measurable difference, indicating that turbulence has no effect on the growth of graupel in the investigated size range. A comparison of laminar collection kernels to theoretically calculated values from a continuous growth model showed that graupel growth is strongly dominated by the fast increase of the radius due to the accretion of rime ice with low density. It is assumed that, compared to a water drop growing by collision and coalescence, this causes a fast increase in the swept volume overcompensating all other effects such as the self-induced stochastic movements due to surface roughness and latent heat release, as well as the possible influence of the flow’s small-scale turbulence.
Whitecap and Wind Stress Observations by Microwave Radiometers: Global Coverage and Extreme Conditions
Authors: Hwang Paul A. , Reul Nicolas , Meissner Thomas , Yueh Simon H.
Published: July 2019

Whitecaps manifest surface wave breaking that impacts many ocean processes, of which surface wind stress is the driving force. For close to a half century of quantitative whitecap reporting, only a small number of observations are obtained under conditions with wind speed exceeding 25 m s−1. Whitecap contribution is a critical component of ocean surface microwave thermal emission. In the forward solution of microwave thermal emission, the input forcing parameter is wind speed, which is used to generate the modeled surface wind stress, surface wave spectrum, and whitecap coverage necessary for the subsequent electromagnetic (EM) computation. In this respect, microwave radiometer data can be used to evaluate various formulations of the drag coefficient, whitecap coverage, and surface wave spectrum. In reverse, whitecap coverage and surface wind stress can be retrieved from microwave radiometer data by employing precalculated solutions of an analytical microwave thermal emission model that yields good agreement with field measurements. There are many published microwave radiometer datasets covering a wide range of frequency, incidence angle, and both vertical and horizontal polarizations, with maximum wind speed exceeding 90 m s−1. These datasets provide information of whitecap coverage and surface wind stress from global oceans and in extreme wind conditions. Breaking wave energy dissipation rate per unit surface area can be estimated also by making use of its linear relationship with whitecap coverage derived from earlier studies.
On the Forecast Sensitivity of MCS Cold Pools and Related Features to Horizontal Grid Spacing in Convection-Allowing WRF Simulations
Authors: Squitieri Brian J. , Gallus William A.
Published: July 2019

While the implementation of convection-allowing models has improved the representation of convective features, a consensus is lacking regarding what horizontal grid spacing most appropriately resolves convective structures, is computationally feasible, and provides the most useful output to forecasters. The present study evaluates 14 simulated MCSs with 3-, 1- and 0.333-km horizontal grid spacing in order to understand sensitivity in simulated MCS forward propagation speeds and cold pool behavior with decreased grid spacing. MCS cold pools were found to be significantly larger in runs using finer grid spacing. In addition, a greater similarity in solutions occurred when grid spacing was refined to 1 km and less, with 1- and 0.333-km MCS cold pools more similar in magnitude, depth, length, and areal coverage, than 3-km cold pools. The 1-km simulations demonstrated a small increase in forecast skill for 3-h QPF throughout MCS evolution compared to 3-km runs. The 1-km MCS 9-h precipitation swaths were also better aligned with observations compared to 3-km simulations. When evaluating MCS forward propagation speeds, however, 3-km simulated MCS speeds were more similar to observations compared to 1 km.
Diagnostic Protocol for Detecting Otosclerosis on High-Resolution Temporal Bone CT
Authors: Brown Lisa A. , Mocan Burce Ozgen , Redleaf Miriam I.
Published: July 2019

Objectives:

To present a systematic checklist to improve diagnosing otosclerosis (OS) on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the temporal bones and review this protocol’s efficacy in diagnosing OS on HRCT.

Methods:

A retrospective case series was performed at a University Referral Hospital in urban Chicago, Illinois. High-resolution computed tomographies of the temporal bone were reviewed including 17 ears in the test group with surgically confirmed OS and 21 ears in the control group surgically confirmed to not have OS. Preoperative HRCTs were evaluated by a single neuroradiologist using a systematic protocol created to assist in diagnosing OS. This looked for radiolucency at the fissula ante fenestram and pericochlear region, and new bone formation around the oval and round windows.

Results:

The radiologist accurately diagnosed OS in all 17 test group ears and ruled out OS in all 21 control group ears using the protocol. All 17 test ears were read to have lucency at the fissula ante fenestram, 9 (53.0%) to have new bone formation, and 8 (47.1%) to have cochlear lucency. The radiologist was more confident in diagnosing OS when cochlear lucency was present with the fissula ante fenestram lucency.

Conclusions:

This HRCT checklist is a highly accurate tool for evaluating the presence of OS when images are reviewed in the systematic fashion described. Imaging prior to surgery aids in counseling patients, preparing surgically, and excluding other pathologies.
Letting the Computers Take Over: Using AI to Solve Marketing Problems
Authors: Overgoor Gijs , Chica Manuel , Rand William , Weishampel Anthony
Published: July 2019

Artificial intelligence (AI) has proven to be useful in many applications from automating cars to providing customer service responses. However, though many firms want to take advantage of AI to improve marketing, they lack a process by which to execute a Marketing AI project. This article discusses the use of AI to provide support for marketing decisions. Based on the established Cross-Industry Standard Process for Data Mining (CRISP-DM) framework, it creates a process for managers to use when executing a Marketing AI project and discusses issues that might arise. It explores how this framework was used to develop three cutting-edge Marketing AI applications.
Cannabis Teratology Explains Current Patterns of Coloradan Congenital Defects: The Contribution of Increased Cannabinoid Exposure to Rising Teratological Trends
Authors: Reece Albert Stuart , Hulse Gary Kenneth
Published: July 2019

Rising Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol concentrations in modern cannabis invites investigation of the teratological implications of prenatal cannabis exposure. Data from Colorado Responds to Children with Special Needs (CRCSN), National Survey of Drug Use and Health, and Drug Enforcement Agency was analyzed. Seven, 40, and 2 defects were rising, flat, and falling, respectively, and 10/12 summary indices rose. Atrial septal defect, spina bifida, microcephalus, Down’s syndrome, ventricular septal defect, and patent ductus arteriosus rose, and along with central nervous system, cardiovascular, genitourinary, respiratory, chromosomal, and musculoskeletal defects rose 5 to 37 times faster than the birth rate (3.3%) to generate an excess of 11 753 (22%) major anomalies. Cannabis was the only drug whose use grew from 2000 to 2014 while pain relievers, cocaine, alcohol, and tobacco did not. The correlation of cannabis use with major defects in 2014 (2019 dataset) was R = .77, P = .0011. Multiple cannabinoids were linked with summary measures of congenital anomalies and were robust to multivariate adjustment.
Macroscale bending large-deformation and microbuckling behavior of a unidirectional fiber-reinforced soft composite
Authors: Lan Xin , Hao Sida , Liu Liwu , Liu Yanju , Leng Jinsong
Published: July 2019

Due to microscale fiber microbuckling, a fiber-reinforced soft composite demonstrates large macroscale bending deformation (e.g. 10% reversible macroscale compressive strain), which is larger than that of a convenient fiber-reinforced plastics (e.g. 1.5–2% elongation/compression at break). To investigate the deformation behavior, a normalized average energy density of a fiber-reinforced soft composite laminate was derived. By using a self-consistent approach according to the minimum energy principle, a series of analytical expressions were derived by a simplified theoretical method through solving simplified partial differential equations of average energy density. Furthermore, an improved numerical calculation method was developed using the full four terms of partial differential equations of average energy density by employing the results of simplified theoretical method as initial calculating values. The dimensionless results demonstrated that the trend correlated well between those two methods, and the improved numerical method obtained more accurate results than those of the simplified theoretical method. Analytical and numerical results in normalized expressions systematically descripted the bending large-deformation behavior including position of neutral surface and critical buckling, wavelength, amplitude, shearing strain, macroscale compressive/tensile strain, buckled fiber strain, and actuation moment. To design a fiber-reinforced soft composite for use in engineering, the simplified theoretical method is used to predict trend and obtain approximate results for preliminary design, and the improved numerical method is further used to check and obtain more accurate results on detailed design stage.
Reassessing the Generational Disparity in Immigrant Offending: A Within-family Comparison of Involvement in Crime
Authors: Bersani Bianca E. , Pittman Adam W.
Published: July 2019

Objective:

This study reassesses the generational disparity in immigrant offending. Patterns and predictors of offending are compared using traditional peer-based models and an alternative within-family (parent–child dyad) model.

Method:

The National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (1979; NLSY79) and NLSY-Child and Young Adult (NLSY_CYA) data are merged to create an intergenerational data set to compare generational disparities in immigrant offending across peers and within families. Differences in self-reported offending (prevalence and variety) by immigrant generation are assessed using a combination of descriptive analyses (χ2 and analysis of variance) and regression models.

Results:

While NLSY_CYA children generally are at a greater risk of offending compared with the NLSY79 mothers, the difference in offending is greatest between first-generation mom and second-generation child dyads. Disparities in offending are driven in large part by exceedingly low levels of offending among first-generation immigrants.

Conclusion:

Although the factors driving an increase in offending between parent–child generations are not unique to immigrants, they are amplified in immigrant families. Whereas the second generation is remarkably similar to their U.S.-born counterparts in terms of their involvement in crime, suggesting a high degree of swift integration, the greater involvement in crime among the children of immigrants compared to their foreign-born mothers suggests a decline in well-being across successive generations.
MOMSonLINE: Lessons Learned From a Feasibility RCT of Online Support for Mothers Bereaved by Perinatal Loss
Authors: Gold Katherine J. , Boggs Martha E. , Kavanaugh Karen L.
Published: July 2019

Online support groups are popular for peer support, particularly for uncommon or stigmatized topics including pregnancy and infant loss. We conducted a randomized, controlled, 6-week feasibility study of three groups: an anonymous BabyCenter.com loss support group, a closed Facebook loss group, or a control group. Intervention arm mothers were asked to sign on to their support sites for 6 weeks. Participants completed regular surveys, text message surveys after each log-in, and a final semistructured phone interview. Thirty women were randomized to each arm of the study. Women reported preference for anonymous groups and found it empowering to support others, although many noted an emotional cost to reading postings. Tracking usage online was a major issue despite multiple strategies to collect these data. This pilot demonstrated feasibility of a randomized trial for online perinatal support but noted a critical need for more reliable methods to track usage.
Book review: Sangay K. Mishra, Desis Divided: The Political Lives of South Asian Americans
Authors: Sahoo Sadananda
Published: July 2019

Sangay K. Mishra, Desis Divided: The Political Lives of South Asian Americans. New Delhi: SAGE Publications, 2018, 285+XL pp., ₹945 (Hardbound). ISBN: 9789352804689.