bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“I get Emotional About it”: Teachers’ (Com)Passion in College-Going Efforts at Three Urban High Schools
Authors: Martinez Melissa A. , Enyioha Jessica C. , Marquez Jocabed G. , Baker A. Minor
Published: April 2022

As few studies document how teachers in urban contexts positively contribute to a college-going culture, this study adopts a counter-narrative approach, with a conceptual framework grounded in emotion and caring in teaching, to ask: How do teachers exhibit (com)passion in their efforts to support a college-going culture? Interviews with 12 teachers, supplemented by school documents, archival and observational data, and field notes from a qualitative case study at three urban high schools revealed how teachers maintained high expectations of students, exhibited high degrees of emotional understanding, and conveyed a strong commitment to students, their success, and postsecondary pursuits.
Migrant worker recreational centres, accidental diversities and new relationalities in Singapore
Authors: Goh Daniel PS , Lee Andrew
Published: April 2022

How best to integrate migrant workers in host societies has been a longstanding question in the study of migration and globalisation. Scholars have been conceptualising new modes of transnational mobilities that point to the politics of differential inclusion to address encounters between migrants and locals in Asian global cities. This article uses an instructive case study of temporary, low-wage male migrant workers in Singapore and the issue of their recreational spaces to show that the politics of inclusion/exclusion are layered onto the question of integration/segregation. We take integration to mean the incorporation of migrants into local society to give full access to social institutions of protection and care, and inclusion to refer to the acceptance of migrants into social relationships that define urban life. Segregation and exclusion are their respective corollaries. We focus on state-provisioned recreation centres sited near the dormitories, which were expanded to function as segregating spaces to keep migrant workers away from the city after the Little India riot in 2013. We show that they have instead become contact zones producing accidental diversities of urban encounters between migrants, locals and state-linked agents. We discuss how these contact zones have developed differently across the centres built before and after the riot, the transformation of the accidental diversities in the recreational centres by state-linked agents into a new migrant grassroots sector and the ongoing intensification of this during the COVID-19 pandemic. The new relationalities offer the promise of transcending the layered binaries of integration/segregation and inclusion/exclusion.
Do Quantitative and Qualitative Research Reflect two Distinct Cultures? An Empirical Analysis of 180 Articles Suggests “no”
Authors: Kuehn David , Rohlfing Ingo
Published: April 2022

The debate about the characteristics and advantages of quantitative and qualitative methods is decades old. In their seminal monograph, A Tale of Two Cultures (2012 , ATTC), Gary Goertz and James Mahoney argue that methods and research design practices for causal inference can be distinguished as two cultures that systematically differ from each other along 25 specific characteristics. ATTC’s stated goal is a description of empirical patterns in quantitative and qualitative research. Yet, it does not include a systematic empirical evaluation as to whether the 25 are relevant and valid descriptors of applied research. In this paper, we derive five observable implications from ATTC and test the implications against a stratified random sample of 90 qualitative and 90 quantitative articles published in six journals between 1990–2012. Our analysis provides little support for the two-cultures hypothesis. Quantitative methods are largely implemented as described in ATTC, whereas qualitative methods are much more diverse than ATTC suggests. While some practices do indeed conform to the qualitative culture, many others are implemented in a manner that ATTC characterizes as constitutive of the quantitative culture. We find very little evidence for ATTC's anchoring of qualitative research with set-theoretic approaches to empirical social science research. The set-theoretic template only applies to a fraction of the qualitative research that we reviewed, with the majority of qualitative work incorporating different method choices.
Children’s Divorce and their Financial Support to Older Parents in Rural China
Authors: Cong Zhen , Pei Yaolin , Silverstein Merril , Li Shuzhuo , Wu Bei
Published: April 2022

This study examined how adult children’s divorce affected their financial support to older parents in rural China and how that relationship was dependent on children’s gender. The sample was from rural Anhui Province and the working sample included 1629 older parents who reported their interactions with 6210 children across six waves of observations in 14 years (2001–2015). Generalized Estimating Equations showed that divorced sons provided less financial support to their parents than married sons. In contrast, divorced daughters did not necessarily provide less financial support than married daughters. This gender difference was statistically significant. The findings were discussed in the context of changing rural Chinese families, where the norm of filial piety is still strong but patrilineal tradition and gender ideology have experienced desynchronized changes.
Information in the personal collections of writers and artists: Practices, challenges and preservation
Authors: Krtalić Maja , Dinneen Jesse David
Published: April 2022

This article presents findings from interviews with 18 writers and artists in New Zealand, whose lives and work have potential heritage value. The objective was to investigate the perceived value of participants’ personal collections, the relevant management practices and challenges, and their potential effects on preservation and (re)use. The findings provide a characterisation of the personal information management (PIM) practices of writers and artists, revealed challenges common to organising personal collections across time and devices as well as those caused or increased by the nature of writers’ and artists’ work, and produce insights into the impact of perceived collection value and PIM practices on future access, preservation and (re)use of such collections.
The Politics of Clinic and Critique in Southern Brazil
Authors: Béhague Dominique P.
Published: April 2022

Drawing on a historical ethnography of how Brazil’s post-dictatorial psychiatric reforms have shaped young people’s lives, this paper builds on Eve Sedgwick’s analysis of the hermeneutics of suspicion to show that narrow applications of Foucault’s biopower concept nurture forms of resistance to bio-reductionism centred primarily on epistemic deconstruction. To unsettle this hermeneutic, I put young people’s theories of power into conversation with Georges Canguilhem’s concept of the milieu and with feminist scholars’ work on prefigurative politics. I introduce the concepts of threading and unthreading to consider how one subject of biopower, the child-like biobehavioural figure, was continuously being threaded within a specific milieu and in relation to another key figure: the elite angst-ridden ‘storm-and-stress’ adolescent. Young people’s subsequent unthreading and reweaving politics, flourishing in co-construction with what I call the politicizing clinic, illustrate how decolonial pedagogies can incrementally change the patterning of social life.
The role of sensory processing sensitivity in the longitudinal associations between relationship qualities with parents and peers and externalizing behavior in adolescence
Authors: Fischer Karen , Larsen Helle , van den Akker Alithe , Overbeek Geertjan
Published: April 2022

Some adolescents may be more likely to be influenced by parents and peers in their development of externalizing behavior than others. Recent research indicates that sensory processing sensitivity may underlie such differences in sensitivity to environmental influences, and specifically that individuals with higher sensory processing sensitivity may be similarly highly reactive to both negative and positive social contexts. Data from a two-wave, two-year longitudinal questionnaire study with 177 adolescents ( M age = 13.34 years, SD age = 1.05) were used to test the hypothesis that the associations between negative relationship quality with parents and best friend and later increased adolescents’ externalizing behavior and between support from parents and best friend and later decreased adolescents’ externalizing behavior would be stronger for adolescents with higher sensory processing sensitivity. Our hypothesis was partly confirmed, with results showing that a stronger negative relationship quality with best friend was only predictive of a subsequent increase in externalizing behavior for adolescents who scored higher on sensory processing sensitivity. More research is needed to investigate whether sensory processing sensitivity functions as a trait that is associated with increased sensitivity to environmental stimuli regardless of valence, especially in the context of negative and positive social exposures such as peer and parent environments.
Expected but not accepted: Victimisation, gender, and Islamophobia in Australia
Authors: Iner Derya , Mason Gail , Asquith Nicole L
Published: April 2022

Muslim’s women’s visibility and perceived vulnerability make them primary targets of routine Islamophobia in public spaces. This article builds on existing research on intersectionality between Islamophobia, gender, and victimisation. It offers fresh data on Islamophobia against women by analysing complaints of interpersonal hostility ( N = 73) made to the Islamophobia Register Australia between 2016 and 2017. This quantitative analysis confirms that there is much consistency between Western nations in the nature of Islamophobia directed to women. At the same time, the article brings new perspectives to our understanding of Islamophobic hostility. Drawing on an in-depth analysis of eight case studies, the article illuminates the restrictive impact that routine Islamophobia has on Muslim women’s daily lives, generating a sense of responsibility for their own safety in the absence of bystander intervention. Yet, with comparatively high levels of social capital, participants in our study did not simply acquiesce to stereotypes that deny them the status of ‘ideal’ victim. Instead, they sought to reduce the destructive impact of victimisation through active attempts to raise public awareness and reassert agency. Our study shows that Muslim women’s responses to Islamophobia are not homogeneous. This variation originates in heterogeneity between Muslim women in Western countries.
Not All the Same: Examining Asian American Women’s Self-Objectification Processes Using a Latent Class and Cultural-Specific Approach
Authors: King Jennifer , Iwamoto Derek
Published: April 2022

Past research has shown that Asian American women are subject to distinct forms of sexism and racism that can influence culture-specific appearance evaluations. However, no studies have examined within-group differences in self-objectification processes. To address this gap, we used latent class analysis. Our study had three aims: (a) identify subgroups (e.g., latent classes) of Asian American women ( N = 554) based upon their general and group-specific self-objectification processes, (b) examine the racial objectification predictors (e.g., general racism, gendered racial microaggressions, and racial identity) of latent class membership, and (c) examine the relation between the classes and disordered eating and depression. Results of the latent class analysis yielded four classes: (a) High Self-Objectification class (37.2%), (b) Moderate Self-Objectification class (40.1%), (c) Body Conscious class (7.3%), and (d) Appearance Acceptance class (15.5%). The High Self-Objectification class reported significantly higher rates of disordered eating and depression. Women were more likely to be in the High Self-Objectification class if they experienced higher levels of gendered racial microaggressions and racial dissonance. Results can advance the literature by demonstrating significant within-group variability in self-objectification processes among Asian American Women and offer valuable clinical implications for targeting high-risk groups.
Time-varying formation tracking for noisy multi-agent systems with unknown leader trajectory
Authors: Zaeri Amirani Mojtaba , Bigdeli Noshin , Haeri Mohammad
Published: April 2022

In this article, time-varying formation tracking problem for multi-agent systems is investigated. It is assumed the number of agents is changing and obstacles should be avoided along the trajectory. In addition, the tracking formation should be reached while the leader trajectory is unknown and communication data are noisy. To reach the desired formation tracking, first, a virtual leader is constructed using the local neighbouring data. Second, the reference signal is created based on the virtual leader and the leader data (which is available for some agents). The data fusion at this stage is done based on Kalman filtering to reduce the effect of communication noise. Third, an integral state feedback controller as a new consensus formation controller based on the relative position and velocity vectors of the agents and the estimated (virtual) leader are proposed to achieve the time-varying formation tracking. Next, closed-loop stability of the system under the proposed control law is investigated using the Lyapunov stability theorem. In order to implement the proposed control strategy, an extended state observer is designed to estimate the required velocity and accelerations. Finally, an obstacle avoidance strategy would be embedded to the controller via a repelling strategy. That is, once the leader identifies the obstacle and enters a repulsion region, its reference trajectory is modified to keep a safe distance from the obstacle. The agents modify their reference trajectory according to the new leader trajectory while trying to keep their formation. As an illustrative example, various simulations are performed for formation tracking of a unmanned aerial vehicle multi-agent system to evaluate its performance.
Receiver operating characteristic estimation and threshold selection criteria in three-class classification problems for clustered data
Authors: To Duc-Khanh , Adimari Gianfranco , Chiogna Monica , Risso Davide
Published: April 2022

Statistical evaluation of diagnostic tests, and, more generally, of biomarkers, is a constantly developing field, in which complexity of the assessment increases with the complexity of the design under which data are collected. One particularly prevalent type of data is clustered data, where individual units are naturally nested into clusters. In these cases, Bias can arise from omission, in the evaluation process, of cluster-level effects and/or individual covariates. Focusing on the three-class case and for continuous-valued diagnostic tests, we investigate how to exploit the clustered structure of data within a linear-mixed model approach, both when the assumption of normality holds and when it does not. We provide a method for the estimation of covariate-specific receiver operating characteristic surfaces and discuss methods for the choice of optimal thresholds, proposing three possible estimators. A proof of consistency and asymptotic normality of the proposed threshold estimators is given. All considered methods are evaluated by extensive simulation experiments. As an application, we study the use of the Lysosomal Associated Membrane Protein Family Member 5 gene expression as a biomarker to distinguish among three types of glutamatergic neurons.
Comparative evaluation of three nanofilled resin-based dental composites: Cytotoxicity, surface roughness, and flexural properties
Authors: Jafarnia Shiva , Valanezhad Alireza , Odatsu Tetsurou , Nesabi Mahdis , Safaee Sirus , Abe Shigeaki , Khodaei Mohammad , Shahabi Sima , Watanabe Ikuya
Published: April 2022

The clinical performance of dental composite restoration and its overall success are the result of physical, mechanical, and biological properties of the filling materials. The present study aimed to evaluate surface roughness, flexural properties, and cytotoxicity of two nanohybrids, namely, MI Gracefil and Herculite Ultra, and one nanoceramic dental resin composite DiamondLite. The surface roughness was assessed in two different grinding conditions. Flexural properties were measured by, the three-point bending test and the specimens’ fractured surface was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. Weibull analysis was performed on the flexural strength data to determine the composites’ reliability. The cytotoxicity test was conducted on MC3T3-E1 cells by the MTS assay. The results showed that grinding conditions had a significant effect on all nanocomposites' surface roughness ( p < .05). Herculite Ultra had a significantly higher flexural strength (125.8 MPa) and flexural modulus (9.8 GPa) as compared to other two nanocomposites ( p < .05). Further, cytotoxicity results indicated that DiamondLite had the lowest cell viability during the incubation period ( p < .05). The current study, therefore, concluded that the evaluated nanocomposites showed satisfactory surface roughness. Herculite Ultra flexural properties and Weibull modulus results make it a reliable choice for direct restorations. The cell viability results also showed that all three nanocomposites had moderate cytotoxicity, making them acceptable for direct application in the mouth.
Radiation synthesis of poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone\chitosan\itaconic acid\ZnO) nanocomposite hydrogel for antimicrobial activity and controlled release of amoxicillin
Authors: Abou El Fadl Faten I. , Abdel Ghaffar Ashraf M. , El-Sawy Naeem M.
Published: April 2022

High swellable and biocompatible hydrogel composed of optimized composition of N-vinyl pyrrolidone (NVP), chitosan (CS), and itaconic acid (ITA) was prepared by the aid of gamma radiation. Certain optimized composition of the terpolymer hydrogel was used as a precursor for the preparation of its ZnO nanocomposite. The terpolymer hydrogel was characterized by various techniques FTIR, XRD, SEM, and TEM to evaluate the physical, chemical properties and morphology of the prepared hydrogels. FTIR proved the high interaction between the components of the terpolymer crosslinked hydrogel. Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) confirmed the preparation of ZnO nanoparticles in the nanoscale with average particle size of 12.3 nm in the terpolymer matrix which is higher than the particle size of as prepared bare ZnO NPs. The gelability, crosslinking density, and high swellability of the prepared terpolymer hydrogel make it promising and suitable for application as wound dressing materials. In this respect, the NVP/ITA/CS terpolymer hydrogel first examined for controlled release of amoxicillin and second, the antibacterial test showed that neither Staphylococcus aureus nor Escherichia coli passed through the terpolymer nanocomposite hydrogel dressing; NVP/ITA/CS/ZnO nanocomposite hydrogel dressing could be considered a good blockade against bacteria. All results indicate that the nanocomposite hydrogel has great potential for biomedical applications, especially for wound dressings.
Determinants and Consequences of Cause–Brand Association: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Rohit Deepa , Panda Rajesh , Chakraborty Shibashish
Published: April 2022

A cause–brand association (CBA) is a marketing strategy of embedding a social cause in the promotion of a brand. The purpose of this article is to develop a comprehensive model of the determinants and consequences of CBA and to statistically validate the same in the Indian context.

The review of the extant literature put forward eight constructs and the conjectured paths. A structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data from 799 respondents from Mumbai (a metropolitan city in India) through a survey. The conjectured model was statistically tested using Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modelling. The results of the study put forward three determinants of attitude towards CBA: (a) Pre-existing attitude towards the brand, (b) Cause affinity and (c) Cause–Brand fit. Further, it was found that CBA has positive effects on post-CBA attitude towards brand and post-CBA attitude towards the cause, which in turn influence purchase intentions and behavioural intentions towards social cause, respectively. Furthermore, the model demonstrated a positive effect of behavioural intentions on purchase intentions.

The article provides useful insights into the important dimensions of CBA that can be utilized to design effective promotion campaigns. This also proposes a model integrating both consequences and determinants of CBA.
Discussions of Fantasy Characters and Demonstrations of a Defensive Hybridity in Gamer Masculinity
Authors: Dashiell Steven
Published: April 2022

This paper situates gamer discussions of the fantasy race the drow, or dark elves, in masculinity theory. I examine threads from a Facebook group discussing the topic, and code the reactions of men participating. I discuss how some gamer masculinities that are displayed reinforces a belief of epistemic privilege among White men that allows for hegemonic responses to discussions that involve structural racism. I propose larp gamer masculinity as a hybrid masculinity, complicit in its support of hegemonic models but appropriating elements of subordinated populations to allow individuals to feel like an “outsider.” In these gaming discourse spaces, men employ an anti-intellectualized form of digital hooliganism as a rationale for their claims. These men dismiss claims of discrimination as they see those as characteristics outside the scope of the game. The resistance exhibited by these men reacting to changes should be viewed differently than extremist discourses.
Proportional-integral-derivative-acceleration robust controllers for vibrating systems
Authors: Gontijo Danielle S , Araújo José M , Santos Tito LM , Souza Fernando O
Published: April 2022

This paper presents a design framework to obtain a robust multivariable Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller for second-order linear vibrating systems. A Proportional-Integral-Derivative plus acceleration (PIDA) controller is also proposed to deal with the regularization problem. Relevant control challenges, such as modeling error, regulatory performance optimization, regional pole placement, saturation avoidance, and constant reference tracking are handled within the proposed Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) design approach. The design strategy is obtained from a linear transformation that can be applied to achieve constant reference tracking for an actuated subspace of underactuated systems. Moreover, the integral action has two additional objectives: (1) to improve regulatory performance in the presence of constant disturbance and (2) to increase the design degree of freedom in order to robustly achieve closed-loop specifications. Three simulation case studies are used to highlight the benefits of the PID and PIDA controllers.
Dynamic behavior of heterogeneous neo-Hookean/Mooney–Rivlin plates reinforced nonuniformly by hyperelastic inclusions: Proposing the correct micromechanical model
Authors: Shariyat Mohammad , Khani Arani Hamed
Published: April 2022

Time-dependent nonlinear lateral vibrations of plates composed of a hyperelastic matrix and uniformly/nonuniformly distributed hyperelastic reinforcing inclusions are studied. Since the material constants of a hyperelastic must be extracted from the whole slope-varying stress-strain curve rather than a single slope, choosing power/exponential distributions for the material constants or using Voigt’s rule of mixtures is quite wrong. The neo-Hookean and Mooney–Rivlin constitutive models are adopted, and their results are compared. Another hint is incorporating the incompressibility condition. The governing equations of motion are derived by using Hamilton’s principle, a new energy-equivalence-based micromechanical model that can be employed for reinforcing phases with nonlinear constitutive laws, and von Kármán assumptions in the left Cauchy–Green deformation tensor, and solved by incorporation of an updating finite-element and Newmark’s techniques. Not only the displacement but typical stress results are also reported here. Results show that the neo-Hookean model overestimates the rigidity in comparison to the Mooney–Rivlin model, and unlike the elastic plates, the effect of the stiffer phase is more remarkable in the uniform distribution in comparison to the nonuniform distribution of the stiffening materials because the magnitudes of the tensile stresses of the hyperelastic plate are much larger than that of the bending stresses.
Clinical use and complications of percutaneous cystostomy pigtail catheters in 25 cats
Authors: Nurra Genziana , Howes Charlotte , Chanoit Guillaume , Meakin Lee , Parsons Kevin , Friend Ed
Published: April 2022

Objectives

The aims of this study were to describe the indications for percutaneous pigtail catheter placement in cats requiring urine diversion, and to report the associated intra- and postoperative complications.

Methods

The medical records of cats that underwent percutaneous pigtail catheter placement for urine diversion between January 2011 and May 2021 were retrospectively reviewed.

Results

Twenty-five cats were included. Indications for pigtail catheter placement were medical management of obstructive urinary tract disease (n = 12), urinary tract damage after traumatic injury (n = 8) and neurological bladder dysfunction (n = 5). Catheters were in place for a median time of 8.28 days (range 3–27), and the duration of the catheter placement was not different between the medical, traumatic and neurological groups. Ten cats (40%) developed pigtail catheter complications including dislodgement, urine leakage, urinary tract infection and bladder rupture. The majority of complications were easily resolved and did not require surgical intervention.

Conclusions and relevance

The results suggest that percutaneous pigtail catheter placement can facilitate urine diversion in both the emergency setting and in the long-term management of urine retention without many complications.
Unusual case of double anterior segment with two lenses and double cataract in a 6-month child
Authors: Ohara de Oliveira Junior Elder , Fernandes Arthur Gustavo , Nakanami Celia Regina , Nakayama Simone Akiko , Sallum Juliana Maria Ferraz , Allemann Norma , Brant Fernandes Rodrigo Antonio
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Anterior segment duplicity with two lenses is a rare event which pathogenesis is still unknown. Different ocular and systemic abnormalities might be associated with such event.

Case observations

Hereby we describe a case of a 6-months female child referred to our service due to signs of ocular malformation in the left eye. The ocular exam showed a double anterior segment with twin lenses in one single eye, associated with double lamellar opacity and persistence of the two hyaloid arteries. The patient underwent surgical treatment with lensectomy and vitrectomy aiming visual stimulation and prevention of definitive visual loss secondary to amblyopia.

Conclusion

In any case of ocular malformation, efforts to provide adequate visual stimulus are necessary to avoid amblyopia. In our case, the opacified lenses were removed, the patient adapted contact lenses and will be followed-up for visual stimulation at the ophthalmic pediatric division aiming the best visual prognosis possible.
Short peripheral intravenous cannula and straight-tip guide wire in ultrasound-guided neonatal central venous catheterization
Authors: Jia Haitao , Zhang Kai , Han Jie , Liu Qi , Chen Peizhang , Wang Yingbin , Huang Shenghui
Published: April 2022

Background:

Inserting a J-tip guide-wire into a vein’s lumen is often difficult when using the Seldinger or modified Seldinger technique for central venous catheterization (CVC) in newborns. This study was designed to compare the efficacy and safety of guide-wire insertion using the combination of a short peripheral intravenous cannula with a straight-tip guide-wire vs. a needle with a J-tip guide-wire for ultrasound-guided (USG) cannulation of the internal jugular vein (IJV) in newborns using an in-plane technique.

Methods:

One hundred and thirty newborn patients (weight, 1.4-5.2 kg) scheduled for selective or emergency surgery, were randomly assigned to either the needle group (combined with a J-tip guide-wire) or cannula group (combined with a straight-tip guide-wire). The primary outcome was the rate of successful guide-wire insertion on the first attempt. The puncture attempts, catheter placement attempts, and mechanical complications were also compared between the groups.

Results:

The rate of successful guide-wire insertion on the first attempt was higher in the cannula group (97%) than in the needle group (76%) ( p < 0.05, χ2 = 11.233). Moreover, fewer insertion attempts were needed in the cannula group (1.0 ± 0.2) than in the needle group (1.7 ± 1.1) ( p < 0.05, 95% CI [0.449, 1.028]). The time to successful guide-wire insertion was shorter in the cannula group (63 ± 32 s) than in the needle group (92±50 s) ( p < 0.05, 95% CI [14.024, 43.063]). No differences were found about other catheterization parameters and complications between the groups.

Conclusion:

The short peripheral cannula combined with a straight-tip guide-wire was superior to the needle combined with a J-tip guide-wire for USG newborn IJV catheterization in terms of successful guide-wire insertion on the first attempt and overall number of insertion attempts.
The sensory experiences of autistic people: A metasynthesis
Authors: Sibeoni Jordan , Massoutier Laura , Valette Marie , Manolios Emilie , Verneuil Laurence , Speranza Mario , Revah-Levy Anne
Published: April 2022

Qualitative literature reports the sensory experiences of autistic individuals in the first person. Following a thematic synthesis procedure, this metasynthesis aimed to explore specifically the lived experience of these sensory features. Four databases were systematically searched for qualitative studies describing sensory issues reported by autistic individuals. Article quality was assessed with the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. Thematic analysis was used to identify and synthesise key themes. The 32 articles included reported data from 430 participants. Data analysis produced two themes structuring the sensory experiences of autistic people: (1) the everyday experience through body, thoughts and emotions, and (2) the relational experience, relationships being experienced as both a problem and a solution. Four dimensions are found in our results: physical, emotional, relational and social. Whereas a scientific approach to the sensory experience of autistic people is based on a cause–effect model, our results suggest that autistic people experience these dimensions holistically, as inseparable, and not in terms of cause and effect. This original finding brings new research perspectives, beyond the dichotomy between sensory features and social communications issues, and concrete implications within the health care system to provide more effective and respectful care to autistic people.

Lay abstract

Sensory atypicalities are very common among autistic people and are integrated in several theories and explanatory models of autism. Qualitative studies have explored these singular sensory experiences from the perspectives of autistic people themselves. This article gathers all these qualitative studies and provides original findings regarding the everyday sensory experience of autistic people, that is, around four dimensions – physical, emotional, relational and social – experienced holistically, as inseparable, and not hierarchically or in terms of cause and effect. Adopting this holistic view could improve the adaptation of the sensory environment in health care facilities and the training of professionals around this specific issue.
Phase space reconstruction and Koopman operator based linearization of nonlinear model for damage detection of nonlinear structures
Authors: Peng Zhen , Li Jun
Published: April 2022

Vibration responses of structures with inherent nonlinear behaviors can degrade the performance of linear theory based damage detection methods. This paper integrates the phase space reconstruction and Koopman operator to provide a linear representation of strongly nonlinear systems. Similar to the modal analysis of linear systems, the linearized model allows for handling nonlinear vibration responses as a superposition of the discovered nonlinear coordinate basis. This property provides opportunities to identify the structural condition change of structures with initial nonlinearity. The eigen-frequencies extracted from the Koopman operator are served as damage features. The performance of using the eigen-frequencies from dynamic mode decomposition for nonlinear structural damage detection is compared with the natural frequencies obtained from fast Fourier transformation and the time-frequency analysis method to emphasize the superiority of the proposed approach. Two experimental structures exhibiting inherent nonlinearity, namely, a magneto-elastic system and a precast segment beam, are employed to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of using the proposed method for identifying condition change of nonlinear structures. Results demonstrate that the presented nonlinearity linearization framework and the damage feature defined in this study are suitable for reliably identifying the occurrence of structural damage and condition change in structures with inherent nonlinearities.
Association between loneliness, self-esteem and outcome of life satisfaction in Norwegian adolescents aged 15–21
Authors: Moksnes Unni K. , Bjørnsen Hanne N. , Ringdal Regine , Eilertsen Mary-Elizabeth B. , Espnes Geir Arild
Published: April 2022

Aims:

Adolescence is an important developmental stage for understanding the role of perceived loneliness and self-esteem on life satisfaction. This study investigated the association between loneliness, self-esteem and the outcome of life satisfaction, as well as potential interaction effects in association with life satisfaction, in a sample of Norwegian adolescents.

Methods:

The study was based on a cross-sectional sample of 1816 adolescents aged 15–21 years. Data were collected in September 2016. The participants reported scores on the five-item Satisfaction with Life Scale, the 10-item Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and one item assessing loneliness. Control variables included sex, age, perceived family economy, parents’ education, place of birth and perceived bullying. The data were analysed with descriptive and multiple linear regression analysis.

Results:

A significant negative and moderately strong association was found between loneliness and life satisfaction, where the association was stronger for girls than for boys. Self-esteem showed a significant positive and strong association with life satisfaction; however, no significant interaction effect was found.

Conclusions:

The findings show the significant role of both loneliness and self-esteem in association with adolescents’ perception of life satisfaction. The findings support promoting self-esteem, belongingness and social integration in all daily life contexts for adolescents to support their life satisfaction.
The International Labour Organisation as nodal player on the pitch of networked governance: Shifting the goalposts for migrant workers in Qatar
Authors: Piper Nicola
Published: April 2022

This article assesses the role of the International Labour Organisation (ILO) as a player within the multi-actor sphere of global migration governance. The aim is to analyse the ILO’s leadership within this sphere that is characterised by shifting dynamics between rules-based and rights-based approaches as a result of the multiplication of actors and, given its normative predisposition, the effects on the ILO’s ability to advance migrant workers’ labour rights. The article is premised on the assumption that the promotion of a rights-based approach to labour migration via the ILO’s decent work agenda depends upon the presence of effective and proactive governing institutions as well as appropriate regulation. Contemporary scholarship highlights the importance of organisational networks across multiple sites and levels of policy making in order to achieve change. The situation of the highly precarious migrant workforce involved in the construction of the physical infrastructure for the Football World Cup 2022 in Qatar demonstrates the particular challenges posed by an unfavourable institutional environment. This leads to the argument that stratified organisational networks at the intersection of various institutional nodes are required to keep shifting the goalpost – and the ILO is one such node. The conception of global governance as nodal provides an understanding of how such networks can generate multi-directional and concerted action across various organisational actors and over time, contributing to the advancement of migrants’ labour rights.
A business model pattern arrives … and then? A translation perspective on business model innovation in established firms
Authors: Ahlgren Ode Kajsa , Louche Céline
Published: April 2022

This study examines business model innovation in an established firm. We investigate the case of a Swedish utility company that adopted and implemented a business model pattern originating from outside the firm. We draw upon Scandinavian translation theory to understand the micro-level dynamics of how business model innovation unfolds. Our findings show that the business model pattern is disassembled into its constituent parts, that these are translated separately and, little by little, (re)assembled into a whole to form a new business model. This process involves several loops of translation activated by the interplay between five practices: formulating, engaging, resisting, anchoring, and energizing. On the basis of our findings, we develop a business model translation framework. We thereby contribute to a better understanding of the micro-level perspective on business model innovation initiated by the adoption of a business model pattern. We also reveal that business model innovation processes triggered by business model patterns from outside differ from those taking place when a new business model is entirely developed within a firm.
Osthole-Mediated Inhibition of Neurotoxicity Induced by Ropivacaine via Amplification of the Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Signaling Pathway
Authors: Wang WeiBing , Zhou Hui , Sun LaiBao , Li MeiNa , Gao FengJiao , Sun AiJiao , Zou XueNong
Published: April 2022

Background

Ropivacaine is widely used for clinical anesthesia and postoperative analgesia. However, the neurotoxicity induced by ropivacaine in a concentration- and duration-dependent manner, and it is difficult to prevent neurotoxicity. Osthole inhibits phosphodiesterase-4 activity by binding to its catalytic site to prevent cAMP hydrolysis. The aim of this present study is to explore the precise molecular mechanism of osthole-mediated inhibition of neurotoxicity induced by ropivacaine.

Methods:

SH-SY5Y cell viability and apoptosis were measured in different concentration and duration. Protein concentration was determined in each signaling pathway. The molecular mechanism of osthole-mediated inhibition of ropivacaine-caused neurotoxicity was evaluated.

Results

The study demonstrated that osthole inhibits SH-SY5Y cells neurotoxicity in a duration- and concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, ropivacaine significantly increased the expression of caspase-3 by promoting the phosphorylation of p38. Osthole-induced upregulation of cAMP activated cAMP-dependent signaling pathway, sequentially leading to elevated cyclic nucleotide response element-binding protein levels, which inhibits P38-dependent signaling and decreases apoptosis of SH-SY5Y.

Conclusions

This study display the evidence confirmed the molecular mechanism by which osthole amplification of cAMP-dependent signaling pathway, and overexpression of cyclic nucleotide response element-binding protein inhibits P38-dependent signaling and decreases ropivacaine-induced SH-SY5Y apoptosis.
Angiographic predictors of spontaneous obliteration of transarterial partially embolized brain arteriovenous malformations
Authors: Sultan Ahmed , Hassan Tamer , Metwaly Tamer Ibrahim
Published: April 2022

Background

Spontaneous obliteration of cerebral arteriovenous malformations is uncommon but could occur after partial embolization.

Methods

A retrospective study of 140 patients that underwent embolization for cerebral AVMs from 2005 to August 2019 using liquid embolic agents. The angiographic outcome of patients was classified as regard complete embolization, partial embolization, and complete obliteration after partial embolization. The parameters studied included size, location, number of arterial feeders, number of draining veins, rupture status, embolic agent, and patient factors as well.

Results

The study patients included 74 (53%) females and 66 (47%) males. Their age ranged from 7 to 43 years old. One hundred and eight patients (77%) presented with hemorrhage. The AVM grades were grade II in 57 (40.7%) patients and grade III in 56 (39.3%) patients. Sixty-one (43.57%) patients were treated by n-Butyl Cyanoacrylate and 71 (50.71%) patients were treated with Onyx, and both materials were used together in 8 cases. Follow-up angiography was done from 6 to 36 months after embolization. The rate of complete occlusion in all patients was 61.43% (86 patients). There were three groups of patients, the first group had complete occlusion of the nidus at the time of embolization and included 68 (48.57%) patients. The second group had partial embolization with partial occlusion of the nidus 54 patients (38.57%). The 3rd group included 18 patients (12.85%) with complete nidal occlusion on follow up after partial embolization. The delay in the venous drainage of the AVM to the late arterial phase or early venous phase with flow stasis was a significant predictor of future obliteration on follow up after partial embolization. Other significant parameters that were associated with the progressive disappearance of the AVM nidus on follow up after partial embolization are presentation with hemorrhage, AVMs size less than 3 cm, the presence of single draining or double draining veins, superficial venous drainage, and one or 2 arterial feeders.

Conclusion

Spontaneous closure of intracranial arteriovenous malformations after partial embolization may be encountered in cases of stasis of flow during embolization procedure with a delay of the venous drainage. A long-term follow-up of more cases over many years is required to confirm the validity of this conclusion.
Usage of a percutaneous closure device to repair an iatrogenic subclavian artery injury
Authors: Kent Johnathan , Zarifa Rolla , Pocivavsek Luka
Published: April 2022

Objectives

Inadvertent subclavian artery cannulation during attempted subclavian central venous access is more likely to occur during rushed trauma resuscitations when anatomic landmarks are used for placement. Traditional supraclavicular and infraclavicular approaches for direct repair of the resultant arteriotomy are painful, morbid procedures that should be replaced with more minimally invasive techniques.

Methods

This case report describes the usage of a percutaneous suture-mediated device (Perclose Proglide, Abbott Laboratories) to repair an iatrogenic subclavian artery arteriotomy.

Results

Two patients had their injuries successfully repaired using a percutaneous closure device.

Conclusions

The use of a percutaneous closure device to repair iatrogenic subclavian artery injuries is a safe and effective method of repair that precludes a more invasive exposure and repair.
Consensus, convergence, and COVID-19: The ethical role of religious reasons in leaders’ response to COVID-19
Authors: Coetsee Marilie
Published: April 2022

Focusing on current efforts to persuade the public to comply with COVID-19 best practices, this essay examines what role appeals to religious reasons should (or should not) play in leaders’ attempts to secure followers’ acceptance of group policies in contexts of religious and moral pluralism. While appeals to followers’ religious commitments can be helpful in promoting desirable public health outcomes, they also raise moral concerns when made in the contexts of secular institutions with religiously diverse participants. In these contexts, leaders who appeal to religious reasons as bases of justification for imposing COVID policies may seem to fail to show respect for the autonomy of those who lack the relevant religious commitments, and—especially when a leader herself rejects the religious commitments she makes reference to to persuade others—her appeals to religious reasons may seem to constitute ethically problematic exercises of manipulation. This essay draws on the resources of contemporary political philosophy to analyze and respond to these concerns and concludes that they are not sufficiently well-founded. To the contrary, it contends that there are good moral grounds for leaders to appeal to religious reasons as (partial) bases of justification for why followers should accept COVID policies. In the course of the argument, this essay also highlights how contemporary political theory can enrich discussions about the distinctions between coercion, manipulation, and leadership. It thereby give insight not only into the ethics of leadership but also—at least by the lights of central theories of leadership like that of James MacGregor Burns (1978)—into whether and how appeals to religious reasons can figure into genuine exercises of leadership, in contrast with mere instances of the wielding of social power.
Contextualising facial expressions: The effect of temporal context and individual differences on classification
Authors: Irwantoro Kinenoita , Nimsha Nilakshi Lennon Nathali , Mareschal Isabelle , Miflah Hussain Ismail Ahamed
Published: April 2022

The influence of context on facial expression classification is most often investigated using simple cues in static faces portraying basic expressions with a fixed emotional intensity. We examined (1) whether a perceptually rich, dynamic audiovisual context, presented in the form of movie clips (to achieve closer resemblance to real life), affected the subsequent classification of dynamic basic (happy) and non-basic (sarcastic) facial expressions and (2) whether people’s susceptibility to contextual cues was related to their ability to classify facial expressions viewed in isolation. Participants classified facial expressions—gradually progressing from neutral to happy/sarcastic in increasing intensity—that followed movie clips. Classification was relatively more accurate and faster when the preceding context predicted the upcoming expression, compared with when the context did not. Speeded classifications suggested that predictive contexts reduced the emotional intensity required to be accurately classified. More importantly, we show for the first time that participants’ accuracy in classifying expressions without an informative context correlated with the magnitude of the contextual effects experienced by them—poor classifiers of isolated expressions were more susceptible to a predictive context. Our findings support the emerging view that contextual cues and individual differences must be considered when explaining mechanisms underlying facial expression classification.