bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmental Impact Assessment of Technogenesis on Genetic Features, Composition and Properties of Light Gray Forest Soils
Authors: Stepanova L P , Pisareva A V , Bolmat T N
Published: March 2021

The paper presents an environmental impact assessment of technogenesis (waste slag from metallurgical production) on the genetic characteristics of light gray forest soils. To study the degree of technogenic impact of the slag dump on the degradation changes in the morphological characteristics and composition of light gray forest soils in the area of action of the slag dump of fines of aluminum casting on the example of a slag dump in the village of Bolshoye Dumchino, Mtsensk district of the Oryol region, field and laboratory studies of soil samples taken at different distances from the slag dump - 20 m, 150 m, 300 m, 450 m. The soil cover of the territory in the area of the slag dump is represented by light gray forest soils, which are characterized by the following typical diagnostic horizons with characteristic morphological features at different distances from the dump. This research aims to establish the degree of anthropogenic transformation of light gray forest soils of agricultural areas, disturbed by the technogenic impact of metallurgical waste. The tasks were solved, as a result of which the influence of the slag dump on the typical diagnostic features of the genetic horizons of light gray forest soils was established. The nature of the change in the aggregate and granulometric composition in the profile of light gray forest soils in the area of influence of the slag dump was studied. An assessment of the degree of degradation changes in the physicochemical properties of light gray forest soils at different distances from the pollution source is given.
Veterinary-Sanitary Inspection of the Upland Game Meat from the Yakutian Habitat
Authors: Petrova E M , Alekseeva N I
Published: March 2021

This article presents the results of the veterinary-sanitary inspection and research of upland game carcasses. During the primary inspection, we paid special attention to the presence of abnormal changes typical of infectious and invasive diseases, based on the standard rules for inspecting the meat of domestic fowl. We also took into consideration the nature of injuries, dehematizing levels, product quality, and freshness. The preservation of the upland game meat depends not only on the rapid removal of intestines from carcasses but also on the type and area of injuries, and the level of dehematization. The study matter for this research is represented by the carcasses of upland game, namely their muscle tissues. During the research, we used organoleptic, physical, chemical, bacteriological, pathomorphological, and mathematic methods. During the organoleptic tests, the highest appraisal of upland game products on a 9-point scale was within the range of 8.4-9, which complies with the standards. The content of amino-ammonia nitrogen was 0.78±0.01. The primary protein breakdown product test showed that the fresh meat produced clear stock without flaking. The fat acidity value test showed an increase from 0.8±0.01 to 3.9±0.01 mg/KOH; the fat peroxide value increased from 0.01±0.01 to 0.74±0.5% J. The pH value varied from 5.99±1.79 for fresh meat to 7.70±0.01 for stale upland game meat. The microbiological tests did not find any pathogenic germs, including salmonella and Listeriamonocytogenes bacteria.
Optimization of the Fertilizer Application Quality Management System
Authors: Darbasova L A , Filatov A S , Savvinov I I
Published: March 2021

The article notes that crop mineral nutrition optimization is one of the key tasks of agriculture to obtain high quality and stable yield. This goal cannot be achieved without serious knowledge about soil properties, crops biological features, fertilizer methods and forms, and their interaction between themselves and other parts of the environment. The article describes intensive and industrial technologies, which are oriented on the effective use of chemicals.

It is noted that successful improvement of all types of fertilizer efficiency and chemical protection products is possible only on the basis of technological processes quality management comprehensive system, including interrelated organizational, technological, and social activities.
Adaptive Geological Modelling and Its Application for Petroleum Reservoir Conditions
Authors: Ursegov S O , Zakharian A Z , Serkova V I
Published: March 2021

The article discusses the difference between the adaptive geological model and the traditional deterministic one, which is based on the manual work of geologists in the pre-computer era. Today, the deterministic approach to modelling has outlived its usefulness. Computer simulations use other methods. Therefore, it is necessary to break away from the deterministic tradition in order to move on. The adaptive geological model is a mathematical function, the purpose of which is not at all to display actual information about the structure of a petroleum reservoir as accurately as possible, but to predict its structure in undrilled zones. The adaptive approach proves that it is not necessary to obey the facts for a successful forecast. This is often even harmful, since the geological structure of the petroleum reservoir at the points where the wells are drilled is known without modelling. Just as in the regression analysis, it is not at all necessary that the function passes exactly through all the actual points, it is not necessary for the geological model of the petroleum reservoir to fully reproduce the actual data. This is the fundamental feature of the adaptive geological model.
Analysis of Possible Operational Defects in and Damages to the Gas Turbine Drives of Gas Pumping Units and Techniques for Their Diagnostics
Authors: Velichko E I , Bunyakin A V , Muzykantova A V
Published: March 2021

Modern gas pumping units quite often use gas turbine drives adapted to ground operating conditions. The distribution of failures occurring in such a gas pumping unit tilts towards the engine. The resulting failures can be distributed between various assemblies of the gas turbine drive, but practice shows that the combustion chamber of a gas turbine engine (GTE) is the most dangerous from the standpoints of reliability and safety.

The paper considers the gas turbine drive failure flow distribution. Specific malfunctions inherent in the combustion chamber of a gas turbine engine and their causes such as fuel pressure pulsation, a local increase in the gas flow temperature, flameout or cessation of combustion, damage and burnout of flame tubes, deposits on the combustion chamber elements, fuel injector blockage or burnout, and incomplete fuel combustion have been described in detail.

The paper also proposes a technique developed by the authors for determining the GTE combustion chamber malfunctions by oscillation parameters using a mathematical model explaining the occurrence of certain modulations reflecting specific engine malfunctions.
Investigation of the Influence of Ultrafine Grinding and Ultrasonic Field on the Intensification of the Processes of Extraction of Iron Oxides from Ash and Slag Waste of Energy
Authors: Danilov O S , Taskin A V , Elkin O I
Published: March 2021

The possibility of extracting iron oxides from ash and slag wastes of the Primorskaya GRES power plant - (Luchegorsk, Primorsky Kray) was investigated. The positive influence of the energy of ultrasonic vibrations with frequency of 22 kHz and power at1 kW, on the increase in the percentage of extraction of iron from ash and slag waste from thermal power is presented. The optimal time of exposure to ultrasound radiation on ash and slag pulp is determined. A comparison of the magnetic separation of ash and slag waste (ASW) without additional grinding with magnetic separation with preliminary grinding of sample materials down to 90 and 40 microns is carried out. The positive effect of preliminary grinding of the ASW sample on the efficiency of the subsequent magnetic separation is presented. With double magnetic separation of the ASW sample in a magnetic field of 300 T and preliminary crushing of the sample to a particle size class of less than 40 microns, a concentrate was obtained with an iron oxide content of 52.9; the extraction rate of iron oxides equaled 84.2%.
The Introduction of Clay Placer Dredging Preparation Technology
Authors: Kostromin M V , Yakimov A A
Published: March 2021

A large number of placer deposits in the Trans-Baikal Territory and other regions of the Far East and Siberia feature large amounts of clay (30% and more). In such conditions, their development and preparation are complicated. The dredger performance reduced by 10-15%, and metal loss during preparation, especially small and fine-grained gold, amount to 30-50% and sometimes even more. Therefore, we face a problem of weakening the cleat between mineral grains and clay particles acting as an adhesive. Besides, we need to develop efficient technology for clay and cemented placer deposits for dredging. We developed and introduced into production a clay sand weakening technology. It was used on a dredging site in the Zabaykalye territory and resulted in a significant improvement of the dredger performance and gold output.
Brief Review of Modern Devices for Blast Mitigation
Authors: Chernyshov M V , Kapralova A S
Published: March 2021

Rapid and reliable attenuating the shock wave is the main goal of every protective devices, and it is therefore not surprising that achieving this has received a lot of attention over the past some time. Different options have been suggested; their usefulness varying from a reasonable protection to the opposite, a shock enhancement. In protecting humans and installations from destructive shock and/or blast waves the prime goal is to reduce the wave amplitude and the rate of pressure increase across the wave front. In this study modern blast-protection devices based on physical and geometric methods of shock wave attenuation are considered.
A Simplified Model of the Russian Gas Industry
Authors: Tarasov A E
Published: March 2021

Russia feels confident in the group of leading countries in the production and export of natural gas (natural and associated) due to the largest proven reserves. The unique ecological properties of natural gas in comparison with other types of fossil fuels, according to analysts of the largest international energy companies and leading world energy agencies, will allow it to maintain an ever-increasing demand in the future until 2040, despite the massive introduction of renewable energy sources (RES) around the world. There is no consensus among the forecasters about the levels achieved at the end of the forecast period and the growth rates. According to forecasts, the main drivers of gas demand growth will be the third world countries, which will be led by India and China. According to forecasts, the European gas market will stagnate due to the widespread introduction of energy-saving technologies, global climate change and the massive construction of renewable energy sources in the large and small electric power industry, due to significant legislative and significant economic preferences. The COVID 19 pandemic has significantly reduced the demand for gas, which, together with low prices in all world markets, calls into question the implementation of not only the most capital-intensive projects, but also projects with medium capital intensity. In this regard, the creation of a simplified model of the gas industry in Russia is becoming more urgent.
Modeling of Surfactant Adsorption in the Carbonate Reservoir
Authors: Egorova V , Ziniukov R , Zhdanov M
Published: March 2021

The problem of surfactant absorption in carbonate reservoir during surfactant injection as enhanced oil recovery method becomes more on the front burner. Moreover, since reservoir simulation progress improves invariably it forces to apply special programs to reach enlargement of the amount of recoverable oil. Therefore, in this article surfactant adsorption in carbonate reservoir was simulated. As a result, it has been got that recovery was improved with surfactant application.
The Content of Nutritional Elements in Gray Forest Soil and Spring Wheat Yield in Relation to the Aftereffect of Lime and Mineral Fertilizers in an Alternating Crop Rotation
Authors: Dijachenko E N , Shevelev A T
Published: March 2021

We present the results of studies of the content of nutrients in gray forest soil and spring wheat grain yields for three years of the fifth rotation (2017–2019) in the alternating crop rotation: corn, barley and clover, clover, wheat, in the conditions of Baikal region. The soil of the experimental site is gray forest heavy loamy. The predecessor was clover green manure, and we did not use any mineral fertilizers. The results of the experiment demonstrated that aftereffects of nitrogen-potassium and complete fertilizer of the 2nd year contributed to an increase in nitrate nitrogen content on the non-limed background by 8–12% and on the background with liming aftereffect – by 13–19%; aftereffect of phosphate fertilizer in double and triple combination on two backgrounds increased the amount of mobile phosphorus by 8–15 and 7–10% respectively. As a result of liming aftereffects, the amount of N-NO3 and P2O5 increased by 18 and 2% on average. The content of mobile potassium in the soil did not depend on aftereffects of mineral fertilizers and liming. On average, during the years of research, aftereffects of mineral fertilizers increased the yield of wheat grain by 0.18-0.35 t/ha (7-13%), aftereffects of liming – by 0.17–0.27 t/ha, and joint use of fertilizers and lime – by 0.20–0.45 t/ha (7–16%). Maximum harvest yield of wheat, 3.34 t/ha, was achieved in the variant with aftereffects of N30P30K30 on the limed background.
The Technique for Zoning by the Soil Strata Mechanical Stability Degree
Authors: Khansivarova N M , Efremov G V , Tryukhan V A
Published: March 2021

The safety of buildings and structures largely depends on the bearing capacity of soil foundations. Structurally unstable dispersed soils with unstable water-colloidal bonds are widespread in Russia, therefore, the issue of evaluating the mechanical stability of dispersed soils is relevant. The authors have developed a technique for zoning by the soil strata mechanical stability degree, the approbation of which is exemplified by a large construction site being designed. The deformation modulus has been used as the main criterion. The technique involves a series of sequential logical operations outlined herein. On the experimental site, areas with a low, medium, and high stability degree of the soil stratum and its engineering-geologic elements (EGE) have been identified. For sites with a low stability degree, recommendations for their development are given.
Smart Transport Systems as a Method to Improve the Sustainability of City Transportation Network
Authors: Sakhapov R L , Nikolaeva R V
Published: March 2021

Nowadays large cities are experiencing transportation problems caused by the growth of motor vehicles amount, which requires a huge capacity of the roads. Most cities were built without taking into account today’s traffic volume, so it is difficult to build new roads or reconstruct existing road network. In this regard, it is possible to increase the sustainability of the urban transport network by applying smart transport systems based on system modeling and traffic flows managing. Managing severe congestion in challenging urban environments requires the creation of traffic models that can reproduce real traffic situations with long lines and feedbacks. The article discusses the modeling of traffic flow in the city. As an example illustrating the potential of a transport network, we chose simulation package AIMSUN, which allows simulating traffic. The article analyzes the feasibility of changes in the organization of traffic and the results of the implementation of the model under two different measures to improve the sustainability of city transportation network. This allows to get a draft of a workable system, which does not have to be substantially refined when it is about to be implemented. Thus, modeling reduces the cost of designing and implementing measures to improve the sustainability of transport networks and shortens the process.
Concerning the Bottom Erosion and Frost Heaving on the Section of the Underwater Crossing Route of MGL Across the River Lena
Authors: Permyakov P P , Kornilova Z G , Ammosov G S
Published: March 2021

The uneven nature of the planned-high-altitude positions (PHAP) of the gas pipelines in the floodplain of the river Lena is affected by the hydrological, natural environment, and climatic processes and such permafrost processes as heaving, thawing, and freezing.The effects of hydrodynamic and permafrost processes, heaving phenomena on floodplain areas and shore slopes together increase the non-functional loads on the underwater gas pipeline. Due to these factors, high longitudinal tensile stress arises in the welded joints of siphon pipes and facilitates accidents and incidents at the underwater crossing of MGL. A numerical experiment was performed with the initial data on the river Lena in the area of the underwater crossing of the main gas pipeline (MGL) using hydrometeorological data. The dynamics of erosion over time is presented. A change in the profile of bottom sediments negatively affects the state of the pipeline. Dangerous exogenous processes: seasonal heaving, frost cracking, thermal subsidence, thermokarst, and coastal erosion, intensify when the natural conditions are disturbed (underwater crossings).
Investigation of Thermal Properties of Fuel Briquettes by DSC Method
Authors: Nikolaeva L A , Solovev T M
Published: March 2021

The article presents the investigation of thermal destruction of wood (pine), brown coal, oil sludge, and bitumen of BND 90/130 grade by the method of differential scanning calorimetry. A thermal analysis of the samples was accomplished in an oxidizing environment (air). The stages of the thermal decomposition under the conditions of programmed heating from 40°C to 600°C at a rate of 20°C /min, their temperature ranges, and maximum temperatures on the DSC curves have been established. The thermal effects of the evaporation of bound moisture and the process of thermal decomposition of the fuel have been determined.
Experimental Study of Mathematical Models of the Heating Defect Coefficient for the Heating-Cooling Cycles of an Electrical Connection
Authors: Ignatenko I V , Vlasenko S A , Nakonechniy M V
Published: March 2021

Reliable electrical connections are responsible for the trouble-free operation of entire systems where the load (electric stock) is roughly alternating. This circumstance makes it more complicated to identify the current state of the electrical connection during operation. During operation, the value of the transient resistance increases, as the tightening torque of the clamp dies is reduced (loosening) and the oxide films appear in sites of the wire and clamp joint. For the satisfactory condition, the value of the transient resistance should not exceed the value equal to the ohmic (linear) conductor resistance. Therefore, the aim of this work is the research study and comparison of the mathematical model to assess the state of the electrical connection under operational conditions that indirectly determines the actual value of the transient resistance.
Application of Fuzzy Situational Networks in Decision Support Systems in the Transport Industry
Authors: Shevtsova A , Novikov A N , Eremin S V
Published: March 2021

The article deals with the design of decision support systems in the transport industry based on fuzzy situational networks, which are parameterized by a set of states and transitions between them. The proposed model is represented as a fuzzy hierarchical situational-event network. A mechanism for the dynamic formation of fuzzy situational networks has been developed. The obtained optimal estimates of control decisions that come out of the network nodes represent the basic mechanism for generating transition estimates. In the general case, the use of situational networks as a basic technology for creating decision support systems presupposes the existence of a knowledge base with a structure corresponding to the description of knowledge in the formed model of a fuzzy situational network.
Impact of Large Floods on Water Resources and Infrastructure of Urban Areas in the Amur River Region
Authors: Makhinov A N , Shuguang Liu , Dai C , Araruna J T , Kim V I , Makhinova A F
Published: March 2021

This article considers the impact of rainfall floods of the Amur river on the distribution of suspended sediments and the content of heavy metals in the watercourse. It presents measurement data of these parameters for equal flood rise and fall flows. The authors found out that factors like a high proportion of watercourse width to its depth, the presence of large tributaries, and the branching of the river course have the strongest impact on the heterogeneity of the distribution of terrigenous and chemical substances across the length and width of the river. They also identified the key impacts of large floods that transform the river course and have negative effects on the reliability and conditions of waterworks within urban territories.
Forecast of Coronavirus Distribution in a Number of Countries of Europe and Asia: Dynamic and Stochastic Approach
Authors: Pichugin Yu A , Malafeyev O A , Zaitseva I V , Shulga A A , Kolesov D N
Published: March 2021

The simplest example of a dynamic stochastic approach to the study of the distribution of the coronovirus is considered. The distribution of coronavirus outside of china is considered as a modeling object. The choice of the developed model is due to the fact that the volterra equations are used to describe the dynamics of quantities that do not go beyond the range of positive values. The investigated process and the model parameter in the work are scalar in nature. As a result of modeling, the authors predicted the spread of coronavirus in a number of countries in Europe and Asia
COVID-19 Spread Model in Hubei Province
Authors: Go A A , Kolesin D I , Malafeyev O A , Mitrofanov E V , Kolesov D N
Published: March 2021

This article provides prognosis of COVID-19 spread in Chinese province Hubei from January 22 2020 using SIR model. To compare the results with real data, we use statistics obtained by Johns Hopkins University.
A Concept of Hydraulic Power Transmission for Heavy Self-Propelled Mining Vehicles
Authors: Trushin N
Published: March 2021

The study considers a concept of hydraulic power transmission with a multi-stage hydraulic torque converter. The design objective is expanding the operational envelope of a self-propelled vehicle, increasing the power train efficiency in the entire engine torque transformation range. Two hydraulic torque converter (HTC) designs are proposed. The HTC uses uncoupled turbines (centrifugal, axial, centripetal) in a series arrangement. Each turbine operates in its optimal range of the HTC ratios. Each turbine is connected to the output shaft with individually controlled couplings. To optimize the hydraulic torque converter performance, a dedicated stator for each turbine is proposed. It is activated/deactivated concurrently with the respective turbine. The proposed hydraulic power transmission is designed for heavy self-propelled vehicles operated in mining and construction. The design can also be used in railway engine power trains to replace the complicated multistage hydraulic transmissions consisting of two or three conventional hydraulic torque converters. The hydraulic power transmission kinematics and principle of operation are protected by the Russian patent No. 2716378. The study is supported by Tula State University as research project No. 2019-22.
Microbial Profile of Kurunga and Koumiss (Review Paper)
Authors: Zandanova T N , Ivanova K V , Losorova Yu E , Myryanova T P
Published: March 2021

The review outlines the achievements in the field of research and identification of the kurunga and koumiss microflora. These are mixed fermentation sour milk products with similar healing properties. The paper represents information on the structure of spontaneously formed natural communities of the drink microflora and the probiotic properties of the cultures isolated. It has been found that the cultures isolated are bile- and acid-tolerant, exhibit high exopolysaccharide synthesizing activity, as well as cholesterol-degrading and antibiotic activity. The koumiss’ ability to inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme is shown.
Co-Ni Mineralization in the Albazino Gold Ore Deposit (Khabarovsk Krai, the Mongol-Okhotsk Orogenic Belt)
Authors: Grebennikova A A , Grishin G K
Published: March 2021

The gold-sulfide impregnated deposits occupy one of the leading positions in terms of gold reserves, both in Russia and in the world. The article presents the results of a study of Co-Ni mineralization at the Albazino gold ore deposit (Khabarovsk Krai, the Mongol-Okhotsk orogenic belt). Arsenides of Co, Ni, Fe are represented by arsenopyrite, alloclasite, glaucodot, while the ones of Co and Fe are represented by cobaltite and gersdorffite. Typomorphic features of this group of minerals of the association are: the presence of increased concentrations of nickel (for example, in alloclasite, glaucodote, and cobaltin), Co (arsenopyrite, gersdorfite), Sb (arsenopyrite, gersdorfite, cobaltine), Se (galena), As (pyrite), and Fe (sphalerite). Gold is mainly finely - dispersed and, belongs to low fine one (with Au – 74–76 wt%, Ag 26–24 wt%) in terms of its chemical composition. The revealed typomorphic features of the material composition of ores and the geological structure of the deposit allows attributing this object to the gold-sulfide impregnated type.
Pedagogical Monitoring of the Professional Image Formation among Technosphere Safety Students
Authors: Leonova N , Kaverzneva T T , Pshenichnaya C V , Skrypnik I L
Published: March 2021

This article describes the experience of organising pedagogical monitoring over students majoring in Technosphere Safety at Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University. Here are presented the methods of organisation, the gained results, and the practical applicability of the latter. The pedagogical monitoring was carried out over the course of seven years, having the students and the teaching staff of the Technosphere Safety high school involved. The goal of the monitoring was to examine the formation dynamics of students’ professional image. The professional image taking into account the standards set forward by the potential employers ensures the future specialists will meet world-class standards and be highly-employable at the Russian labour market. The article offers recommendations on forming the professional image of a Technosphere Safety specialist in the educational process, considering the role of employers’ community.
Indicator Elements of Hydrocarbon Accumulations in the Southern Part of the Tatar Strait and the Northern Circuit of the Central Depression of the Sea of Japan
Authors: Makseev D S , Fedorov S A , Kalgin V Yu
Published: March 2021

Hydrocarbons, in particular methane, in bottom sediments are able to form accumulations together with chemical elements and inorganic compounds. Such elements are indicators of the presence of hydrocarbons. Their establishment in certain areas of the water area can make a serious contribution to geological exploration. This paper examines the relationship of the areas of methane concentration and chemical composition of bottom sediments in the southern part of the Tatar strait and the northern circuit of the central depression of the sea of Japan. A connection of methane was found with elements such as S, Mn, Sr, Cu, Zn, Pb and Ni. The strong correlation of methane with S. There is a medium and weak connection of methane with Cu, Zn, Mn, Ni, Sr. The main concentration of methane observed in the western part of Terney trough and on uplift-shift disturbances of the 46th parallel. Installed indicator elements and geochemical studies can be used for further analysis of the distribution patterns of hydrocarbon deposits in the area.
Analysis of Membrane Methods Application for Treatment of Textile Wastewater
Authors: Makisha N
Published: March 2021

Wastewater of textile enterprises may be significantly different in concentration of main pollutants and thus implemented methods of treatment. The technological solutions have to meet the requirements of wastewater disposal and discharge of treated water into fishery water bodies. The choice of the wastewater treatment technique for textile enterprises depends on many factors: capacity (flow of wastewater), the possibility and feasibility of extracting impurities from wastewater, the requirements for the quality of treated water when it is reused or discharged. Dimensions of membrane bioreactors afford installation of them in conditions of limited space. Operation of membrane bioreactors may be easily provided by filtered wastewater even at wastewater treatment plants of low capacity, so pure water use is not required. The combined Fenton oxidation and the process of membrane sludge separation as an advanced wastewater treatment with integrated dyeing wastewater treatment plant to reduce total organic carbon and coloration. The system has three steps of treatment: the Fenton oxidation unit, which is an aerated continuous reactor with a mixer, a neutralization tank that equalizes the pH value of the influent and MBR.
Determination of Location of Floating Installations in the Shelf Zone
Authors: Solovyev D A , Solovyev A A , Nefedova L V
Published: March 2021

The article presents the results of using the graph analytical method for determining the most optimal locations for large-scale floating installations of photobioreactors (PBRs) for algae cultivation in the offshore zone of the sea in extreme weather conditions. For the region of the Black Sea experimental training ground, areas with the minimum energy of storm impact on floating installations were established. It is shown that in these areas where wave convergence occurs, refraction does not affect the height of the waves and the destructive effect on floating PBRs. The calculation results, which received satisfactory confirmation in the observations during the annual experimental tests, can be used in the design of areas for the placement of floating photobioreactors or other floating installations.
Modeling the Decision Making of Vehicle Control in Case of Emergency Situations Based on Game Theory
Authors: Rizaev I S , Takhavova E G
Published: March 2021

Modern transport is a high energy-intensive system of increased danger. There are special instructions on how to comply with the rules of operation and use of such systems, ensuring safety, in accordance with the requirements. Drivers of any vehicle are trained in accordance with the regulations for this type of transport. The article deals with issues related to life safety in the driving air vehicles, in solving the problem of landing with use of manual control in the event of emergency situations. A pilot must make the right decision under the conditions of time deficiency: he should land or go to the second round. In order to gain experience, it is proposed to use decision-making modeling in case of emergency situations using game theory methods. Usually, game theory considers conflicts between the opposing parties, which include military operations, sports games, and market relations. Contingencies that are called "nature" may occur when driving. Although nature does not have a conscious antagonistic reaction, it can be considered as the opposing side. Based on the theory of games, it is possible to conduct a safety simulation while controlling transport.
Corrosion Resistance of Rolled and Welded Tube-to-Tube Sheet Joints Made Using Different Technologies
Authors: Tokarev A S , Karetnikov D V , Rizvanov R G
Published: March 2021

In the manufacture of heat exchange equipment, which has been widely used in the oil and gas industry, arc welding methods are often used. This can lead, depending on the material performance of the apparatus, to a significant increase in energy and labor costs. The purpose of the studies in this article was to find out whether samples obtained using friction welding technology, which is an alternative to arc welding methods, meet the requirements for corrosion resistance of heat exchange equipment from heat-resistant hardening steels during its operation, and also compare them with samples obtained using arc welding methods. To do this, studies were carried out on the microstructures of welded joints and distributions of electrode potential values in various zones of welded joints and base metal. At the end of the article, conclusions are drawn based on a comparison of the microstructures of the investigated compounds, as well as the distribution of electrode potential values over the base metal and welded joint of samples made using various welding methods.
Prototyping a Six-Axis Positioning Device
Authors: Smirnov M V , Gritsenko A V , Shepelev V D
Published: March 2021

In this paper, we describe prototyping a six-axis positioning device (SPD) with parallel kinematics in a new structural design. Each new design requires the development of a mathematical model. This is necessary to implement the algorithm for controlling this device, as well as analyzing its workspace. Each design variant can be used for various tasks and different areas, as it will have its own unique shape and size of the workspace. The paper scientific relevance deals with developing a new structural design of SPD, as well as obtaining its mathematical model. Based on the obtained mathematical model, it is possible in the future to model the workspace in order to obtain an idea of its shape and size.
Electric Vehicle Chassis Simulation Model in MATLAB/Simulink
Authors: Martyanov A S , Shepelev V D , Mavrin V G
Published: March 2021

Nowadays, there has been an active growth of interest in the development and use of vehicles based on the utilization of electric energy. Electric vehicles are actively being studied and then introduced into everyday life. A large number of studies are aimed at improving the existing design of vehicle components, units, and mechanisms. In this paper, we study a simulation model of an electric vehicle moving along a road with an irregular profile. We use the example of an electric vehicle chassis equipped with an electric motor and an energy storage device, taking into account the change in energy spent on moving along the road, considering the rises and descents, as well as the influence of speed modes under given conditions. The model takes into account air resistance and friction forces acting on the units of the car during movement. The model is implemented in the MATLAB/Simulink environment and can be useful in determining the electric drive parameters of an electric vehicle, analysing the electrical system, and studying the efficiency of vehicle operation.
FSSC 22000 Certification as a Food Security Tool
Authors: Baurina S B , Amirova R I
Published: March 2021

The article justifies the importance and relevance of certification and standardization in the food security system. The purpose of the FSSC 22000 certification scheme is indicated. FSSC 22000 requirements and rules are defined. The structure of FSSC 22000 is specified: requirements for food chain organizations (Part I), for certification bodies (Part II), for accreditation bodies (Part III), regulations for the Management Board (Council), which defines the rules and requirements of this Scheme (Part IV). The main measures for the formation of the IASB that meets the requirements of FSSC 22000 are specified. The main advantages of the FSSC 22000 certification scheme are deciphered: independence, transparency, a unified approach to the "food chain," program integrity. The fifth version of the FSSC 22000 v5 Certification Scheme documents, new basic requirements contained therein and improvements are described in detail.
Factors Determining Migration and Transformation of Mercury in the Mouths of Northern Rivers
Authors: Ovsepyan A E , Fedorov Yu A , Zimovets A A
Published: March 2021

Mercury is one of the priority pollutants of our time, but also a unique element that can form organic and inorganic compounds of various degrees of toxicity. The toxicity of mercury is influenced by the form of metal finding, environmental factors, ways of metal and its compounds entering the organisms of living beings, and concentrations. In this paper, we consider the factors that determine the migration and transformation of mercury in complex hydrochemical areas of rivers-estuaries. The research is based on the results of observations carried out since 2004 at the mouths of the Northern Dvina, Pechora and Kyanda Rivers. The hydrological and hydrochemical conditions of waters and bottom sediments have been analyzed. Various forms of the occurrence and migration of mercury in the waters and bottom sediments of the objects under consideration have been studied. Conclusions about the priority factors that determine the behavior of mercury for each water body and, in general, for the estuarine areas of this natural zone have been drawn.
Study the Effect of Naturally Low Temperature in Animals Experiment
Authors: Struchkov N A , Nifontov K R , Alekseev R Z , Domotov V V
Published: March 2021

In modern conditions of Arctic development, the problem of hypothermia of humans and animals is becoming fundamental and applicable nature. Studying deep hypothermia effect and body recovery after it on experimental models of animals is relevant for world science. The article presents some aspects of the naturally low temperatures affect (-40° C and below) on the domestic pig’s body under the conditions of Yakutia (experimental research). To perform this task, we simulated the conditions of natural deep hypothermia, in which we studied the mechanisms of entering an anabiosis state and got the data of experimental animals’ brain and heart bioelectrical activity. The experiment was conducted according to the ethical standards of the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals used for Experimental and Other Scientific Purposes No. 123 of 18 March 1986, Strasbourg, and the order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 199n of 01.04.2016 “on approval of the regulations of good laboratory practice”. Permission of the bioethical commission is available.
Leibenzon-Ishlinsky Criterion for the Axisymmetric Problem of Compression of the Pillar
Authors: Chanyshev A I , Abdulin I M , Belousova O E , Efimenko L L , Frolova I V
Published: March 2021

In the framework of the Leibenzon-Ishlinsky approach, the problem of the loss of stability of a pillar of a cylindrical mine working is solved. The pillar material was assumed with an initial anisotropy corresponding to the layered structure. A criterion for loss of stability is being constructed, a solution to the system of differential equations of the problem in the form of combinations of cylindrical and trigonometric functions is determined. From the fact that the determinant of a system of homogeneous algebraic equations is equal to zero, the critical load value is found at which, along with the main continuation of the deformation of the pillar, something else is possible with a changed surface geometry. The influence of the initial anisotropy, the parameters of the pillar (height, radius) on the values of the ultimate load is investigated.
Cluster Approach to Rural Green Tourism Development
Authors: Smirnova E A , Kalafatov E A
Published: March 2021

The article considers the development of rural green tourism. Rural green tourism is considered to be a type of recreation on rural territories regardless the way of holiday-makers leisure management. The experience of developed countries in tourism industry is conducted to identify the regularities of such type of tourism activity development. The analysis based on quantitative marketing research is suggested to get more profound understanding of this sector development state in rural green tourism. The cluster approach application allows increasing the level of synergy effect through interaction of the clusters. The given cluster approach to rural green tourism enterprises development inside the sector gives an opportunity to optimize the clusters’ activity at contemporary period of their development as well as to raise the effectiveness of rural green tourism enterprises.
Creating Forecast Maps of the Spatial Distribution of Dangerous Geodynamic Phenomena Based on the Principal Component Method
Authors: Kiselev V , Guseva N , Kuranov A
Published: March 2021

Subject matter of the research is mining and geological subsurface objects use in the conditions of the DGDE possibility. Scope of research is the regularities of spatial distribution of geological objects properties, causing DGDE in the mining enterprise. The purpose of research is to map the mining enterprise territory subject to DGDE using the method of objective determination of weight coefficients and influencing factors. The main tasks: establish the size of the operational territorial units (OTU) and discretization of the research area; determination of the weight coefficients of the factors influencing the process of the DGDE occurrence formation on the subsurface territory; create a mathematical expression for a generalizing value determining that characterizes the degree of adverse factors coincidence, and therefore the risk rank of the DGDE occurrence.
Environmental Pollution by Drilling Waste in the Arctic
Authors: Opekunova M G , Opekunov A Yu , Kukushkin S Yu
Published: March 2021

The article presents the results of a study of chemical pollution of landscape components (soil water and groundwater, soils and indicator species of plants) under the influence of drill cuttings dumping onto the soil surface. The studies were carried out in the forest-tundra zone of Western Siberia in two areas for two years after pollution. The lateral and radial differentiation of chemicals was studied. The dynamics of chemical pollution of water, soil and plants was shown. The extent and geochemical zoning of secondary technogenic halos are revealed. The role of geochemical barriers in reducing the migration activity of pollutants was emphasized. The main indicators of pollution, to which Sr, Ba, Na, V, Cr, Fe, Cl−, NO3
− are attributed, are substantiated.
Technological Vision Systems Using Principle of Analysis of Changing Geometry and Spectrum of the Light
Authors: Deev O I , Debelov V V , Endachev D V , Zuev S M , Shmatkov Yu M , Shirokov P S
Published: March 2021

New road safety requirements, that recently accepted will lead to increasing quantity of ADAS - active driver assistant systems. These systems aimed to detect objects and traffic participants, adjust the vehicle’s speed modes, inform the driver about emergencies, synchronize the braking and the steering systems to perform emergency maneuvers, hold car on the line and perform other functions.
The Use of Spectral Characteristics of Satellite Images to Assess Water Pollution after Dike Breaking on the Irelyakh River
Authors: Tikhonova S A , Struchkova G P , Kapitonova T A
Published: March 2021

An urgent problem in the modern world is the pollution of water bodies with waste water that enters the reservoir after insufficient filtration, or with industrial effluents, in our case related to the mining works. In any case, this pollution negatively affects both the state of the environment and the health of the population forced to use water from polluted sources. And for inhabitants of the Far North remote areas this is fraught with poisoning of fishery resources.

The method of remote sensing and processing of satellite images allows you quickly assessing the degree of contamination of reservoirs after man-made emergencies and timely warning the population from exposure to dangerous pollutions. On the basis of decoding the spectral characteristics of pollution, it is possible to track timely the size and speed of its spread, significantly reduce the number of samples taken, field research and ensure regular monitoring of a risen extreme situation. In this work, we used methods of preliminary digital processing of space images: geometric, radiometric and atmospheric correction. The thematic processing of the ERS was carried out. The ERS is a method of image enhancement that includes modification of contrast, noise reduction, boundary detection.

An assessment of water pollution in the territory of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) after the dyke breaking on the Irelyakh River in August 2018 was carried out using the interpretation of satellite images by spectral analysis on the ENVI software system. The use of this method is relevant for remote hard-to-reach areas and, if necessary, rapid assessments of pollution, as well as for tracing the forecast of the process flow.
Diamond and Low Carbon Steel Interaction at Melting Temperature of Fe-C Eutectic
Authors: Akimova M P , Sharin P P , Makharova S N , Yakovleva S P
Published: March 2021

The structure, elemental and phase composition of the products formed during the contact interaction of diamond with low-carbon steel in vacuum at the Fe-C eutectic melting temperature were studied. Cylindrical tablets made of low carbon steel (less than 0.1 % wt. C), and pyramid shaped natural diamond crystals were used as a contact pairs. Diamond crystals were mounted by their flat base on the horizontal surface of steel tablet and a load was applied to the diamond crystals top. Contact samples were sintered in a vacuum furnace at a maximum heating temperature of ~1165 °C. Sintered diamond-steel tablet samples were studied by optical and scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis. It was shown that the initial steel tablet with a ferrite-perlite structure passed cementation during sintering in contact with diamond. The most intensive cementation is undergone by the non-melted upper layer of the steel tablet ~110 μm thick, which adjoined the Fe-C eutectic melt during sintering. The microhardness of this layer was ~4945 MPa. As it deepens into steel tablet a gradual transition of structure from perlite-cementite to perlite and further to the initial ferrite-perlite microstructure is observed. Herewith, the microhardness changes from ~ 4945 to 1570 MPa.
A Way to Increase Protein and Magnesium Content in Dairy Products
Authors: Krekker L G , Ochlopkova M K
Published: March 2021

The paper describes the results of research devoted to solving such a relevant problem as a lack of protein and its incomplete precipitation when obtaining protein dairy products. The possibility of using magnesium to forfeit coprecipitate with a chelated form of the microelement has been considered. Magnesium deficiency is currently experienced by up to 80 % of the population; the deficiency symptoms are such common problems as cardiovascular system disorders, arrhythmias, angina pectoris, hypertension. Given the urgency of these issues and the growing deficit of magnesium in the diet, the study is devoted to the isolation of whey proteins by thermal precipitation with calcium and magnesium salts to obtain a product containing a high amount of animal protein and the magnesium micronutrient. Optimal salt ratios for more complete precipitation of milk proteins have been determined. Their effect on the protein-free whey parameters, the mass fraction of casein and whey proteins, the content of nitrogenous substances, and the total protein yield has been studied. It is shown that protein coprecipitates obtained by thermal precipitation can be used as a protein additive in the manufacture of fortified dairy products. According to experimental data, it can be concluded that the coprecipitate obtained by thermocoagulation with calcium chloride and magnesium sulfate contains more calcium and magnesium. The product dispersion degree and exposure to proteolytic digestive tract enzymes have been studied. The content of the calcium and magnesium micronutrients in the coprecipitate obtained by thermocoagulation has been determined. It has been proven that this technique allows better using the milk proteins that traditionally pass into the whey.