bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of Vibration Energy Harvesting Performance by Omni-Directional INVELOX Wind Funnel: A Computational Study
Authors: Ong Zhi Chao , Kong Keen Kuan , Khoo Shin Yee , Chew Bee Teng , Huang Yu-Hsi
Published: August 2022

An alternate renewable energy source, through a piezoelectric vibration energy harvester with a bluff splitter body, could lead to higher efficiency in energy harvesting, through vortex-induced vibration at a near-resonance condition at 20 m/s high wind speed. However, wind energy is not as popular as solar energy, as the main renewable energy source in Malaysia, due to the relatively low wind speed available in the country. The INVELOX machine, introduced in 2014, was one of the most recent systems used to harvest wind power by accelerating wind speed. This omni-directional wind funnel could capture wind from all directions and tunnel it through a convergent-divergent nozzle, where the coupled bluff splitter body and piezoelectric vibration energy harvester (PVEH) are located at its venturi throat, which could lead to an increase in wind speed to fulfil the task of VIV energy harvesting. The proposed modified design is found to achieve 2.7 times the wind speed amplification at the venturi, which outperformed previously proposed designs. To achieve the optimum wind speed of 20 m/s for the coupled bluff splitter body and the PVEH plate, a free-stream wind speed of 7.4 m/s is recommended. The integration of the PVEH plate and the wind funnel is expected to harvest maximum voltage output at 20.99 V or 4.96 V, with a maximum power output of 0.82mW at 20 m/s.
A Full Load Range ZVS Isolated Three-Level DC/DC Converter with Active Commutation Auxiliary Circuit Suitable for Electric Vehicle Charging Application
Authors: Fan Shaogui , Wen Jinwei , Duan Jiandong , Song Zitong , Liu Tianyu
Published: August 2022

The isolated three-level DC/DC converter (ITLDC) can be used to charge electric vehicles. During the constant current charging stage, the ITLDC can be designed to realize nature zero voltage switching (ZVS). However, during the constant voltage charging stage, the charging current is small; thus, nature ZVS cannot be realized. This paper presents an active commutation auxiliary circuit (ACAC) for the ITLDC to realize the full load range ZVS. With the proposed ACACs, all the main switches achieve zero-voltage turn-on and quasi zero-voltage turn-off, and the auxiliary switches realize zero current turn-on and zero-voltage turn-off; thus, the efficiency will be high. The auxiliary currents generated by the ACACs are controllable. During the constant current charging stage, the ITLDC realizes nature ZVS and the auxiliary currents are controlled to zero; thus, the ACACs do not result in high current stress or bring in additional losses, and the efficiency will be high. During the constant voltage charging stage, the charging current decreases with charging time and the charging current is too small to realize nature ZVS. Thus, the ITLDC can work with the proposed ACACs and the auxiliary currents can be controlled within a suitable value to realize ZVS. With the proposed ACACs, the ITLDC can realize ZVS during the whole charging process; thus, the efficiency will be high. The structure and operating principle of the ITLDC with ACACs are introduced and the performance of the proposed TLDC is experimentally verified on a 1.5 kW prototype converter.
Where Are Smart Cities Heading? A Meta-Review and Guidelines for Future Research
Authors: Reis João , Marques Pedro Alexandre , Marques Pedro Carmona
Published: August 2022

(1) Background: Smart cities have been gaining attention in the community, both among researchers and professionals. Although this field of study is gaining some maturity, no academic manuscript yet offers a unique holistic view of the phenomenon. In fact, the existing systematic reviews make it possible to gather solid and relevant knowledge, but still dispersed; (2) Method: through a meta-review it was possible to provide a set of data, which allows the dissemination of the main theoretical and managerial contributions to enthusiasts and critics of the area; (3) Results: this research identified the most relevant topics for smart cities, namely, smart city dimensions, digital transformation, sustainability and resilience. In addition, this research emphasizes that the natural sciences have dominated scientific production, with greater attention being paid to megacities of developed nations. Recent empirical research also suggests that it is crucial to overcome key cybersecurity and privacy challenges in smart cities; (4) Conclusions: research on smart cities can be performed as multidisciplinary studies of small and medium-sized cities in developed or underdeveloped countries. Furthermore, future research should highlight the role played by cybersecurity in the development of smart cities and analyze the impact of smart city development on the link between the city and its stakeholders.
Tribological Properties and Seasonal Freezing Damage Evolution of Rotating Spherical Hinge Self-Lubricating Coating
Authors: Dai Wenting , Zuo Jinghao , Liu Dehao , Guo Xuedong
Published: August 2022

The spherical hinge is an important part of rotating bridge construction, but over a long period of time, spherical hinge self-lubricating coating is easily eroded by water vapor. In this paper, the tribological properties and seasonal freezing damage evolution characteristics of a variety of rotating spherical hinge self-lubricating coating materials were studied by means of friction coefficient measurement experiments, friction and wear experiments and shear rheological experiments based on a self-developed indoor spherical hinge rotational friction coefficient tester. The results show that the self-developed indoor spherical hinge rotational friction coefficient tester can effectively and truly represent the working state and tribological properties of self-lubricating coating in practical engineering. A seasonal freezing environment has obvious influence on the tribological properties of spherical hinge self-lubricating coating, which is an irreversible process of deterioration. With the increase in the freezing–thawing cycle, the friction coefficient and viscosity of self-lubricating coating materials increase gradually, and the thixotropy and elastic recovery become worse and worse. When the content of graphene is 0.1%, the performance is the best. At room temperature and in a freeze–thaw environment, the friction coefficient of graphene grease is lower than that of PTFE 0.007 and 0.008, respectively. The diameter of the grinding plate is less than 0.075 mm and 0.001 mm, respectively. The maximum bite load without card is higher than 8.1% and 11.5%. The area of the thixotropic ring is lower than 41% and 42%. Phase transition points were higher than 42% and 64%. The apparent viscosity was higher than 6.6% and 74%. Graphene greases show the greatest bearing capacity, thixotropy and structural strength in conventional and seasonal freezing conditions and exhibit excellent tribological properties.
Mapping Robot Singularities through the Monte Carlo Method
Authors: Stejskal Tomáš , Svetlík Jozef , Ondočko Štefan
Published: August 2022

In addition to other things, a robot’s design also determines its singularity configurations and points in the workspace. In designing the robot’s working trajectory, one of the main issues of robot steering is avoiding singularities. The article proposes a different approach to calculating the inverse task, which lies in the random mapping of the robot mechanism’s workspace through searching for points closest in proximity to the trajectory in question. The new methodology of mapping and detecting the states of singularity in the workspace is actually based on Monte Carlo analysis, since we were also interested in the number of occurrences. In terms of mathematical analysis, this method is less demanding, because in searching for joint variables suitable for the given trajectory, it does not use inverse calculation. It is important that the method is chosen appropriately. The method is sufficiently illustrative in the form of a graph, making, e.g., programming optimization simpler. The ultimate effect is the reduced time needed for computing joint variables and the availability of an option to select a robot configuration suitable for carrying out the required work. The paper offers an example of an analysis concerning three different robots.
RISE Test Facilities for the Measurement of Ultra-Low Flow Rates and Volumes with a Focus on Medical Applications
Authors: Büker Oliver , Stolt Krister
Published: August 2022

In the framework of the ongoing EMPIR JRP 18HLT08 Metrology for Drug Delivery (MeDDII), a main task is to improve dosing accuracy and enable traceable measurements of volume, flow and pressure of existing drug delivery devices and in-line sensors operating, in some cases, at ultra-low flow rates. This can be achieved by developing new calibration methods and by expanding existing metrological infrastructure. The MeDDII project includes, among other issues, investigations on fast changing flow rates, physical properties of liquid mixtures and occlusion phenomena to avoid inaccurate measurement results and thus improve patient safety. This paper describes the extension of an existing measurement facility at RISE and the design and construction of a new measurement facility to be able to carry out such investigations. The new measurement facility, which is based on the dynamic gravimetric method, is unique worldwide in respect of the lowest measurable flow rate. The gravimetric measuring principle is pushed to the limits of what is feasible. Here, the smallest changes in the ambient conditions have a large influence on the measurement accuracy. The new infrastructure can be used to develop and validate novel calibration procedures for existing drug delivery devices over a wide flow rate range. The extension of the measurement facilities also enables inline measurement of the pressure and the dynamic viscosity of Newtonian liquids. For this purpose, it is ensured that all measurements are traceable to primary standards.
Fine-Grained Identification for Large-Scale IoT Devices: A Smart Probe-Scheduling Approach Based on Information Feedback
Authors: Liang Chen , Yu Bo , Xie Wei , Wang Baosheng , Peng Wei
Published: August 2022

A large number of IoT devices access the Internet. While enriching our lives, IoT devices bring potential security risks. Device identification is one effective way to mitigate security risks and manage IoT assets. Typical identification algorithms generally separate data capture and target identification into two parts. As a result, it is inefficient and coarse-grained to evaluate the results only once the identification process is complete and then adjust the data capture strategy afterward. To solve this problem, we propose a fine-grained probe-scheduling approach based on information feedback. First, we model the probe surface as three layers for IoT devices and define their relationships. Then, we improve the policy gradient algorithm to optimize the probe policy and generate the optimal probe sequence for the target device. We implement a prototype system and evaluate it on 53,000 IoT devices across various categories to show its wide applicability. The results indicate that our approach can achieve success rates of 96.89%, 93.43%, and 83.71% for device brand, model, and firmware version, respectively, and reduce the identification time by 55.96%.
Thermal and Thermomechanical Characterization of Polypropylene-Seed Shell Particles Composites
Authors: Rivera-Armenta José Luis , Salazar-Cruz Beatriz Adriana , Espindola-Flores Ana Cecilia , Villarreal-Lucio Diana Samantha , De León-Almazán Claudia María , Estrada-Martinez Jorge
Published: August 2022

The use of plant waste, such ashusks, fibers, and bagasse, as additives in polymeric matrices generated great interest recently, since they became an option to be used as additives, reinforcers, or only as fillers. The pistachio is a seed for human consumption, while the Jatropha curcas (JC) is a seed from which oils are extracted, and are used to obtain biofuels; however, their shells are not used when discardedbecause no useful application is known.An interesting application for this waste material is to use it as a bioadditive in polymeric matrix. The objective of the present work is to prepare polymer composites with polypropylene (PP) as a matrix and as a bio-additive particle inseed shells, in this case Jatropha curcas shell particles (JA) and pistachio shell particles (PI), in different content from 2 to 10 phr. The composites were characterized by techniques such as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to evaluate crystallinity; by using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the thermal stability was studied, and by using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) the viscoelastic behavior of composites was evaluated. According to DSC, results suggest that a nucleating effect occurs with the addition of the JA and PI, which was reflected in an increase in thepercent of crystallinity of the composites. The TGA results show that thermal stability of the composites was modified with the presence of JA and PI, compared with that PP pristine.In addition, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) reported that the viscoelastic behavior was modified, findinga higher capacity to dissipate energy for composites, PI being the one that presented a greater effect on them.
A Quick Development Toolkit for Augmented Reality Visualization (QDARV) of a Factory
Authors: Chen Chengjun , Liang Runbei , Pan Yong , Li Dongnian , Zhao Zhengxu , Guo Yang , Zhang Qinghai
Published: August 2022

Augmented reality (AR) technology has been applied to the industrial field; however, at present, most industrial AR applications are developed for specific application scenarios, which are difficult to develop and have a long development cycle, and lack universality. To this end, this paper proposed a quick development toolkit for augmented reality visualization (QDARV) of a factory by using the script configuration and parsing approach. With QDARV, designers can quickly develop industrial AR applications, achieve AR registration based on quick response (QR) code and simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM), and superpose information such as disassembly animations, industrial instruments, pictures, and texts on real scenes. In QDARV, an AR registration method based on SLAM map reloading is proposed. Through saving and reloading the map and the configuration and analysis of the SLAM-AR display content script, the AR scene configured by the designer is displayed. Meanwhile, the objects detected using YOLOv5 are used as a landmark to assist the SLAM system in positioning. The QDARV can be applied to realize AR visualization of factories with a large area.
Synchronised TeraHertz Radiation and Soft X-rays Produced in a FEL Oscillator
Authors: Petrillo Vittoria , Bacci Alberto , Drebot Illya , Opromolla Michele , Rossi Andrea Renato , Rossetti Conti Marcello , Ruijter Marcel , Samsam Sanae , Serafini Luca
Published: August 2022

We present a scheme to generate synchronised THz and soft X-ray radiation pulses by using a free-electron laser oscillator driven by a high repetition rate (of order 10–100 MHz) energy recovery linac. The backward THz radiation in the oscillator cavity interacts with a successive electron bunch, thus producing few 105 soft/hard X-ray photons per shot (namely 1012–1013 photons/s) via Thomson/Compton back-scattering, synchronised with the mJ-class THz pulse within the temporal jitter of electron beams accelerated in the superconducting cavities of the linac (less than 100 fs). Detailed simulations have been performed in order to assess the capability of the scheme for typical wavelengths of interest, between 10 and 50 μm for the TeraHertz radiation and 0.5–3 nm for the X-rays.
Study on Suppression Strategy for Broadband Sub-Synchronous Oscillation in Doubly-Fed Wind Power Generation System
Authors: Sun Dongyang , Meng Fanyi , Shen Wenqiang
Published: August 2022

In the power transmission of doubly-fed induction generators (DFIGs), sub-synchronous oscillation (SSO) can occur due to the influence of series compensation capacitance and long-distance transmission. SSO not only affects the output of the DFIG but also leads to oscillation diffusion. In order to solve the problem of disturbance in the control of the DFIG rotor side converter (RSC) under SSO, an adaptive quasi-resonant controller is proposed for the suppression of SSO. This strategy focuses on the propagation path of and frequency change in the SSO in the RSC control system and suppresses the SSO current in the wideband through the cooperative control of the back-stepping controller and the adaptive quasi-resonant controller. In this way, the stator-side output of the DFIG will not be affected by SSO, thus avoiding the amplification of the sub-synchronous power of the line by the DFIG. A simulation model and experimental platform were built to verify the suppression effect of this control strategy on the DFIG stator sub-synchronous current at different SSO frequencies. The results show that the proposed strategy has a good suppression effect on broadband SSO.
Seismic Response Analysis of a Curved Bridge under Near-Fault and Far-Field Ground Motions
Authors: Su Peng , Zhu Xiaoyi , Chen Yanjiang , Xue Bing , Zhang Bing
Published: August 2022

To study the influence of near-fault and far-field (FF) ground motions on a curved girder bridge, a 1:10 scale curved bridge shaking table test model was constructed. Three types of ground motions, namely, near-fault pulse (NP), near-fault non-pulse (NN), and FF ground motions, were selected and employed in the test model. The test results indicated that the seismic response of the curved bridge in the excitation of NP ground motion is significantly higher than that in the excitation of NN and FF ground motions, and is destructive to the curved bridge. The displacement of the curved bridge has spatial characteristics in the excitation of NP ground motions. The rotation generated by the curved bridge is easy to cause bearing shedding or girder falling at the low pier. The amplification of pier height increases the displacement response at the high pier.
An Overview of Nanofiltration and Nanoadsorption Technologies to Emerging Pollutants Treatment
Authors: Moreira Juliana Botelho , Santos Thaisa Duarte , Zaparoli Munise , de Almeida Ana Claudia Araujo , Costa Jorge Alberto Vieira , de Morais Michele Greque
Published: August 2022

The presence of emerging contaminants in water resources has been a global concern due to their environmental impact and effects on human and animal health. These compounds include pharmaceuticals and personal care products, pesticides, fire retardants, hormones, and plasticizers, among others. These contaminants are not completely removed during water and wastewater conventional treatment. Thus, alternative processes are necessary to face this issue. In this context, nanotechnology represents a promising strategy for the remediation of emerging contaminants. Nanostructured materials have highlighted properties, such as adsorption capacity and porosity, chemical stability, reactivity, mobility, and antimicrobial activity. The diversity of nanomaterials and the possibility of combining them contribute to their application in contaminant mitigation. Furthermore, they can be used in different removal techniques such as adsorption, and membrane filtration. Thus, this review article provides an overview and advances in the production and application of nanofiltration membranes and adsorbent nanomaterials for the treatment of effluents containing emerging pollutants.
Activation of Tissue Reparative Processes by Glow-Type Plasma Discharges as an Integral Part of the Therapy of Decubital Ulcers
Authors: Belov Sergej V. , Danilejko Yurij K. , Gudkov Sergey V. , Egorov Aleksej B. , Lukanin Vladimir I. , Tsvetkov Vladimir B. , Altukhov Evgeny L. , Petrova Marina V. , Yakovlev Alexey A. , Osmanov Elkhan G. , Dubinin Mikhail V. , Kogan Evgenia A. , Seredin Viktor P. , Shulutko Aleksandr M.
Published: August 2022

The results of a clinical study of the complex treatment of pressure ulcers using the method of activation of reparative processes in tissues by cold plasma discharges initiated by high-frequency current are presented. Activation was carried out with a specialized device generating cold plasma discharges at frequencies of 0.11, 2.64, and 6.78 MHz. It was shown that the process of activation in the skin and muscle tissues of the bedsore zone proceeds most efficiently when using a current with a frequency of 6.78 MHz as compared to currents with a frequency of 2.64 and 0.11 MHz. For a needle electrode with a diameter of 0.3 mm, the optimal exposure parameters were power—(5.0 ± 1.5) W and time—(2.0–3.0) s. The results of the analysis of histological samples, histochemical, and bacteriological analysis confirmed the effect and showed the dynamics of the process of activation of reparative processes in the tissues of the bedsore wound under the influence of cold plasma discharges and a decrease in microbial contamination. The most pronounced effect of activation was formed during the period from 14 to 21 days. The effectiveness of therapy by the method of activation of reparative processes with cold plasma discharges, according to the criterion of the rate of wound healing, ranged from 14 to 16%, depending on the etiology of the decubitus wound. It is concluded that the activation of tissue reparative processes by glow-type plasma discharges as an integral part of the treatment of decubital ulcers is an effective link in the complex treatment of pressure sores.
Respiratory Rate Estimation Combining Autocorrelation Function-Based Power Spectral Feature Extraction with Gradient Boosting Algorithm
Authors: Lee Soojeong , Moon Hyeonjoon , Son Chang-Hwan , Lee Gangseong
Published: August 2022

Various machine learning models have been used in the biomedical engineering field, but only a small number of studies have been conducted on respiratory rate estimation. Unlike ensemble models using simple averages of basic learners such as bagging, random forest, and boosting, the gradient boosting algorithm is based on effective iteration strategies. This gradient boosting algorithm is just beginning to be used for respiratory rate estimation. Based on this, we propose a novel methodology combining an autocorrelation function-based power spectral feature extraction process with the gradient boosting algorithm to estimate respiratory rate since we acquire the respiration frequency using the autocorrelation function-based power spectral feature extraction that finds the time domain’s periodicity. The proposed methodology solves overfitting for the training datasets because we obtain the data dimension by applying autocorrelation function-based power spectral feature extraction and then split the long-resampled wave signal to increase the number of input data samples. The proposed model provides accurate respiratory rate estimates and offers a solution for reliably managing the estimation uncertainty. In addition, the proposed method presents a more precise estimate than conventional respiratory rate measurement techniques.
Assessing the Phytochemical Profile and Potential of Traditional Herbal Infusions against Aldose Reductase through In Silico Studies and LC-MS/MS Analysis
Authors: Tsiaka Thalia , Kritsi Eftichia , Lantzouraki Dimitra Z. , Christodoulou Paris , Tsigrimani Diamantina , Strati Irini F. , Sinanoglou Vassilia J. , Zoumpoulakis Panagiotis
Published: August 2022

In the current market, there is a growing interest in traditional herbal nutraceuticals. Therefore, herbal formulations have re-emerged as products with sought-after nutraceutical and disease-preventing properties. The health-promoting effects of herbal bioactives are attributed to the active phytoconstituents of these plants. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the putative nutraceutical effectiveness of the preparations of ten herbs (chamomile, purple coneflower, lemon verbena, pennyroyal, spearmint, oregano, marjoram, headed savory, sea buckthorn, and St. John’s wort) by combining in silico techniques and LC-MS/MS analysis. The binding potential of the selected phenolic compounds, according to literature and web databases, was investigated by using molecular target prediction tools. Aldose reductase (AR), an enzyme of polyol pathway which is related to hyperglycemic-induced pathologies, emerged as the most promising molecular target. The molecular docking results showed that rosmarinic acid, caftaric acid, naringenin, and quercetin presented the highest binding affinity. In a further step, the phytochemical profile of the examined infusions, obtained by LC-MS/MS analysis, revealed that the abovementioned compounds were present, mainly in the herbs of the Lamiaceae family, designating headed savory as the herbal infusion with possible significant inhibitory activity against AR.
Exploring the Lean Implementation Barriers in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises Using Interpretive Structure Modeling and Interpretive Ranking Process
Authors: Qureshi Karishma M. , Mewada Bhavesh G. , Alghamdi Saleh Y. , Almakayeel Naif , Mansour Mohamed , Qureshi Mohamed Rafik N.
Published: August 2022

Past research reveals that many lean implementation barriers hinder lean implementation in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Among many sectors, the manufacturing sector suffers more as it generates more waste while carrying out manufacturing processes. Many manufacturing units make unsuccessful attempts to implement lean principles in their manufacturing systems. Hence, such units must eliminate the prevailing lean barriers to accomplish successful lean implementation. Moreover, the contextual relationship of lean barriers must be studied to understand the effect of such barriers. This paper uses interpretive structural modeling (ISM) to explore lean barriers, their relationships, and their influence on other lean barriers. The present research also reveals the most significant classification of lean barriers into various categories of independent, dependent, autonomous, and linkage using the (MICMAC) Matrice d’Impacts Croisés Multiplication Appliquée á un Classement analysis. ISM and MICMAC together provide relationship modeling and reveal the interrelationship between each lean implementation barrier and its categories, respectively. The ISM model is validated using the Delphi technique. The interpretative ranking process (IRP) is used to rank the barriers. The three significant lean implementation barriers revealed through the IRP include “lack of lean understanding”, “lack of strong quality policy”, and “risk of sustainable practice implementation”. The present research will help practicing managers of SMEs in the manufacturing sector to understand the mutual influence of lean barriers before introducing lean implementation. It is suggested that SMEs work on independent barriers so that dependent barriers can also be overcome with the least amount of resources and effort.
Offline Diagnostics of Skin Sea Surface Temperature from a Prognostic Scheme and Its Application in Typhoon Forecasting Using the CMA-TRAMS Model over South China
Authors: Zhang Yanxia , Xu Daosheng , Chen Zitong , Meng Weiguang
Published: August 2022

In the Tropical Regional Atmospherical Model System of South China of the China Meteorological Administration (CMA-TRAMS), the skin sea surface temperature (Ts) remains fixed during the forecast time. This limits the model’s performance in describing interactions between air and sea. The offline diagnostics and online analysis coupled with the CMA-TRAMS of Ts prognostic scheme were discussed. The results of the offline diagnostics showed that the profile shape parameter, ν, and initial temperature, Tb, were sensitive to the forecasted Ts. Based on our observations, when ν was set to 0.2 and Tb was the averaged Ts without obvious diurnal variation, the forecasted Ts was relatively reasonable. The forecasted Ts of CMA-TRAMS after coupling with the Ts scheme had diurnal variations during the overall forecast time, which was different from the fixed Ts from the uncoupled model. There existed a certain difference of forecasted Ts between uncoupled and coupled models in those days influenced by typhoons. The biases and Root Mean Square Errors (RMSEs) for the temperature and moisture in the lower layer and those for the wind speed in most layers were reduced and, therefore, the accuracy of environmental field forecasting was improved from the coupled model. The typhoon track errors after 36-h decreased due to the improvement of steering flow on the west side of subtropical high from the coupled model. However, the difference of typhoon intensity errors was insignificant, which might mean that the differences of forecasted Ts and heat flux between uncoupled and coupled model are small. The reasons for the small difference need to be further investigated.
Prevention of Recurrent Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo: The Role of Combined Supplementation with Vitamin D and Antioxidants
Authors: Libonati Giacinto Asprella , Leone Antonello , Martellucci Salvatore , Gallo Andrea , Albera Roberto , Lucisano Sergio , Bavazzano Maurizio , Chiarella Giuseppe , Viola Pasquale , Galletti Francesco , Freni Francesco , Ciodaro Francesco , Marcelli Vincenzo , Tortoriello Giuseppe , di Santillo Leonardo Scotto , Picciotti Pasqualina Maria , Galli Jacopo , Vitale Silvano , Quaranta Nicola , Cavallaro Giada , Gamba Paolo , Teggi Roberto , Cangiano Iacopo , Faralli Mario , Barboni Annalisa , Messina Aldo , Graziano Giusi
Published: August 2022

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) usually has a favorable course, although it is possible to observe BPPV with a high recurrence rate. Previous studies suggested that vitamin D deficiency might affect BPPV recurrences, and oxidative stress might play a complementary role in BPPV pathogenesis. This multicentric trial aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of oral nutritional supplementation with a compound of alpha-lipoic acid, Carnosine, and Zinc (LICA® (Difass International, Coriano (RN), Italy)), vitamins of group B and vitamin D in preventing BPPV recurrences. A total of 128 patients with high recurrence-BPPV were randomized in three arms: Arm 1 consisted of subjects with “insufficient” or “deficient” vitamin D blood levels, treated with daily oral supplementation of LICA®, vitamins of group B and vitamin D3 (800 UI), Arm 2 included BPPV subjects with “sufficient” vitamin D who did not receive any nutritional support, and Arm 3 included subjects with a “sufficient” serum concentration of vitamin D who received supplementation with a compound of LICA® and Curcumin. After six months of follow-up, a significant reduction of BPPV relapses compared to the baseline was found only in Arm 1 (−2.32, 95% CI: 3.41–1.62, p-value < 0.0001). Study results suggested that oral nutritional supplementation with vitamin D3 plus antioxidants can prevent relapses in patients suffering from high recurrence-BPPV.
The Relationship between Fuzzy Reasoning Methods Based on Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets and Interval-Valued Fuzzy Sets
Authors: Luo Minxia , Li Wenling , Shi Hongyan
Published: August 2022

Two important basic inference models of fuzzy reasoning are Fuzzy Modus Ponens (FMP) and Fuzzy Modus Tollens (FMT). In order to solve FMP and FMT problems, the full implication triple I algorithm, the reverse triple I algorithm and the Subsethood Inference Subsethood (SIS for short) algorithm are proposed, respectively. Furthermore, the existing reasoning algorithms are extended to intuitionistic fuzzy sets and interval-valued fuzzy sets according to different needs. The purpose of this paper is to study the relationship between intuitionistic fuzzy reasoning algorithms and interval-valued fuzzy reasoning algorithms. It is proven that there is a bijection between the solutions of intuitionistic fuzzy triple I algorithm and the interval-valued fuzzy triple I algorithm. Then, there is a bijection between the solutions of intuitionistic fuzzy reverse triple I algorithm and the interval-valued fuzzy reverse triple I algorithm. At the same time, it is shown that there is also a bijection between the solutions of intuitionistic fuzzy SIS algorithm and interval-valued fuzzy SIS algorithm.
Comparison of Overlap and Grouping Functions
Authors: Dai Songsong
Published: August 2022

This paper investigates the pointwise comparability of overlap and grouping functions which obtained by Bustince et al.’s and Bedregal et al.’s generator pairs, respectively. Some necessary and sufficient conditions for the comparison of these functions are proved. We also introduce some compositions of these functions and study the order preservation of these compositions.
Anti-Reflective Zeolite Coating for Implantable Bioelectronic Devices
Authors: Oliva Giuseppe , Bianco Maria Giovanna , Fiorillo Antonino S. , Pullano Salvatore A.
Published: August 2022

Since sunlight is one of the most easily available and clean energy supplies, solar cell development and the improvement of its conversion efficiency represent a highly interesting topic. Superficial light reflection is one of the limiting factors of the photovoltaic cells (PV) efficiency. To this end, interfacial layer with anti-reflective properties reduces this phenomenon, improving the energy potentially available for transduction. Nanoporous materials, because of the correlation between the refractive index and the porosity, allow low reflection, improving light transmission through the coating. In this work, anti-reflective coatings (ARCs) deposited on commercial PV cells, which were fabricated using two different Linde Type A (LTA) zeolites (type 3A and 4A), have been investigated. The proposed technique allows an easier deposition of a zeolite-based mixture, avoiding the use of chemicals and elevated temperature calcination processes. Results using radiation in the range 470–610 nm evidenced substantial enhancement of the fill factor, with maximum achieved values of over 40%. At 590 and 610 nm, which are the most interesting bands for implantable devices, FF is improved, with a maximum of 22% and 10%, respectively. ARCs differences are mostly related to the morphology of the zeolite powder used, which resulted in thicker and rougher coatings using zeolite 3A. The proposed approach allows a simple and reliable deposition technique, which can be of interest for implantable medical devices.
Function of the Long Noncoding RNAs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Classification, Molecular Mechanisms, and Significant Therapeutic Potentials
Authors: Khan Ahmad , Zhang Xiaobo
Published: August 2022

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common and serious type of primary liver cancer. HCC patients have a high death rate and poor prognosis due to the lack of clear signs and inadequate treatment interventions. However, the molecular pathways that underpin HCC pathogenesis remain unclear. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a new type of RNAs, have been found to play important roles in HCC. LncRNAs have the ability to influence gene expression and protein activity. Dysregulation of lncRNAs has been linked to a growing number of liver disorders, including HCC. As a result, improved understanding of lncRNAs could lead to new insights into HCC etiology, as well as new approaches for the early detection and treatment of HCC. The latest results with respect to the role of lncRNAs in controlling multiple pathways of HCC were summarized in this study. The processes by which lncRNAs influence HCC advancement by interacting with chromatin, RNAs, and proteins at the epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional levels were examined. This critical review also highlights recent breakthroughs in lncRNA signaling pathways in HCC progression, shedding light on the potential applications of lncRNAs for HCC diagnosis and therapy.
Adipokines in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Are We on the Road toward New Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets?
Authors: Francisco Vera , Sanz Maria Jesus , Real José T. , Marques Patrice , Capuozzo Maurizio , Ait Eldjoudi Djedjiga , Gualillo Oreste
Published: August 2022

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the major cause of chronic hepatic illness and the leading indication for liver transplantation in the future decades. NAFLD is also commonly associated with other high-incident non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular complications, type 2 diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. Aggravating the socio-economic impact of this complex pathology, routinely feasible diagnostic methodologies and effective drugs for NAFLD management are unavailable. The pathophysiology of NAFLD, recently defined as metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), is correlated with abnormal adipose tissue–liver axis communication because obesity-associated white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation and metabolic dysfunction prompt hepatic insulin resistance (IR), lipid accumulation (steatosis), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and fibrosis. Accumulating evidence links adipokines, cytokine-like hormones secreted by adipose tissue that have immunometabolic activity, with NAFLD pathogenesis and progression; however, much uncertainty still exists. Here, the current knowledge on the roles of leptin, adiponectin, ghrelin, resistin, retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), visfatin, chemerin, and adipocyte fatty-acid-binding protein (AFABP) in NAFLD, taken from preclinical to clinical studies, is overviewed. The effect of therapeutic interventions on adipokines’ circulating levels are also covered. Finally, future directions to address the potential of adipokines as therapeutic targets and disease biomarkers for NAFLD are discussed.
Experience, Principles and Parameters in the Sturgeon Quality Assessment by Anomalies in Early Ontogenesis (A Review)
Authors: Assylbekova Saule Zh. , Mikodina Ekaterina V. , Isbekov Kuanysh B. , Shalgimbayeva Gulmira M.
Published: August 2022

Purpose: Review the experience, principles and parameters of the sturgeon assessment quality by anomalies in early ontogeny. Results: Maintaining the number of sturgeon fish in the transboundary Caspian Sea is provided by five states (Russia, Iran, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan) at 16 Sturgeon hatcheries, where their artificial reproduction is carried out. FAO recognizes Russia’s leadership in creating the basic technology for the sturgeon artificial reproduction, but the other four Caspian states also make a significant contribution to its modern optimizations. There is almost a century of tradition behind the technological development of artificial reproduction in sturgeons. During the artificial reproduction of sturgeons, anomalies in the structure and functions may occur, such as deformities, defects in organs and tissues, edema, hematomas, etc. The sturgeon anomalies classification is based on structural and functional principles. Identification of anomalies is carried out on the basis of a previously created classification, divided into nine large classes. Identification of sturgeon anomalies during the period of their artificial reproduction makes it possible to clarify the real value of replenishment of their stock. Methods: Analysis of professional scientific literature and practical guides. Conclusions: The presence and number of Sturgeon anomalies make it possible to determine their death percentage to calculate the real number of replenishment of the Caspian Sturgeon stock.
Human Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Understanding the Immune Response in the Bronchoalveolar System
Authors: Herrera María Teresa , Guzmán-Beltrán Silvia , Bobadilla Karen , Santos-Mendoza Teresa , Flores-Valdez Mario Alberto , Gutiérrez-González Luis Horacio , González Yolanda
Published: August 2022

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causal agent of one of the most devastating infectious diseases worldwide, can evade or modulate the host immune response and remain dormant for many years. In this review, we focus on identifying the local immune response induced in vivo by M. tuberculosis in the lungs of patients with active tuberculosis by analyzing data from untouched cells from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) or exhaled breath condensate (EBC) samples. The most abundant resident cells in patients with active tuberculosis are macrophages and lymphocytes, which facilitate the recruitment of neutrophils. The cellular response is characterized by an inflammatory state and oxidative stress produced mainly by macrophages and T lymphocytes. In the alveolar microenvironment, the levels of cytokines such as interleukins (IL), chemokines, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are increased compared with healthy patients. The production of cytokines such as interferon (IFN)-γ and IL-17 and specific immunoglobulin (Ig) A and G against M. tuberculosis indicate that the adaptive immune response is induced despite the presence of a chronic infection. The role of epithelial cells, the processing and presentation of antigens by macrophages and dendritic cells, as well as the role of tissue-resident memory T cells (Trm) for in situ vaccination remains to be understood.
The Proteasome Activator PA200/PSME4: An Emerging New Player in Health and Disease
Authors: Yazgili Ayse Seda , Ebstein Frédéric , Meiners Silke
Published: August 2022

Proteasomes comprise a family of proteasomal complexes essential for maintaining protein homeostasis. Accordingly, proteasomes represent promising therapeutic targets in multiple human diseases. Several proteasome inhibitors are approved for treating hematological cancers. However, their side effects impede their efficacy and broader therapeutic applications. Therefore, understanding the biology of the different proteasome complexes present in the cell is crucial for developing tailor-made inhibitors against specific proteasome complexes. Here, we will discuss the structure, biology, and function of the alternative Proteasome Activator 200 (PA200), also known as PSME4, and summarize the current evidence for its dysregulation in different human diseases. We hereby aim to stimulate research on this enigmatic proteasome regulator that has the potential to serve as a therapeutic target in cancer.
Klotho Levels and Their Relationship with Inflammation and Survival among Alcoholic Patients
Authors: Martín-González Candelaria , Espelosín-Ortega Elisa , Abreu-González Pedro , Fernández-Rodríguez Camino , Vera-Delgado Víctor Eugenio , González-Navarrete Lourdes , García-Rodríguez Alen , Riera Antonio Martínez , González-Reimers Emilio
Published: August 2022

α-Klotho (Klotho) is an antiaging hormone with anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties. Some studies suggest that Klotho increases in response to enhanced oxidative damage and inflammation. Alcoholism is a proinflammatory condition. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between Klotho and the serum levels of the inflammatory markers in alcoholic liver disease and to assess its prognostic value. We included 184 alcoholics and 35 age- and sex-matched controls. We determined the serum levels of Klotho, the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and malondialdehyde (MDA), and routine laboratory variables. Patients were followed-up with during 16 ± 18 months; 67 patients died. Klotho levels were higher among cirrhotics (with KW = 37.00 and p < 0.001) and were related to the Child–Pugh score (with KW = 15.96 and p < 0.001) and to the TNF-α (ρ = 0.28; p < 0.001) and MDA (ρ = 0.21; p = 0.006). The child’s groups were associated with mortality, both in the univariate (with the log-rank = 13.56, p = 0.001, Breslow = 12.33, and p = 0.002) and multivariate (with β = 0.43, p = 0.02, and OR = 1.53 (1.07–2.15)) analyses, also introducing Klotho and the TNF-α as dichotomic variables. However, the independent prognostic value of the Child’s groups was displaced by Klotho when only cirrhotics were considered; Klotho, over the median (574.4 pg/mL), was associated with higher mortality (with p = 0.04 and OR = 2.68 (1.06–6.84)). We conclude that Klotho is increased in liver cirrhosis. It is directly related to TNF-α, MDA, and to mortality in cirrhotics.
STIM Proteins and Regulation of SOCE in ER-PM Junctions
Authors: Ahmad Moaz , Narayanasamy Sasirekha , Ong Hwei Ling , Ambudkar Indu
Published: August 2022

ER-PM junctions are membrane contact sites formed by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and plasma membrane (PM) in close apposition together. The formation and stability of these junctions are dependent on constitutive and dynamic enrichment of proteins, which either contribute to junctional stability or modulate the lipid levels of both ER and plasma membranes. The ER-PM junctions have come under much scrutiny recently as they serve as hubs for assembling the Ca2+ signaling complexes. This review summarizes: (1) key findings that underlie the abilities of STIM proteins to accumulate in ER-PM junctions; (2) the modulation of Orai/STIM complexes by other components found within the same junction; and (3) how Orai1 channel activation is coordinated and coupled with downstream signaling pathways.
Heat Shock Protein 90 (Hsp90) and Hsp70 as Potential Therapeutic Targets in Autoimmune Skin Diseases
Authors: Tukaj Stefan , Sitko Krzysztof
Published: August 2022

Over a hundred different autoimmune diseases have been described to date, which can affect every organ in the body, including the largest one, the skin. In fact, up to one-fifth of the world’s population suffers from chronic, noninfectious inflammatory skin diseases, the development of which is significantly influenced by an autoimmune response. One of the hallmarks of autoimmune diseases is the loss of immune tolerance, which leads to the formation of autoreactive lymphocytes or autoantibodies and, consequently, to chronic inflammation and tissue damage. The treatment of autoimmune skin diseases mainly focuses on immunosuppression (using, e.g., corticosteroids) but almost never leads to the development of permanent mechanisms of immune tolerance. In addition, current therapies and their long-term administration may cause serious adverse effects. Hence, safer and more effective therapies that bring sustained balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory responses are still desired. Both intra- and extracellular heat shock proteins (Hsps), specifically well-characterized inducible Hsp90 and Hsp70 chaperones, have been highlighted as therapeutic targets for autoimmune diseases. This review presents preclinical data on the involvement of Hsp90 and Hsp70 in modulating the immune response, specifically in the context of the treatment of selected autoimmune skin diseases with emphasis on autoimmune bullous skin diseases and psoriasis.
Synaptic Effects of Palmitoylethanolamide in Neurodegenerative Disorders
Authors: Assogna Martina , Di Lorenzo Francesco , Martorana Alessandro , Koch Giacomo
Published: August 2022

Increasing evidence strongly supports the key role of neuroinflammation in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, frontotemporal dementia, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neuroinflammation may alter synaptic transmission contributing to the progression of neurodegeneration, as largely documented in animal models and in patients’ studies. In the last few years, palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), an endogenous lipid mediator, and its new composite, which is a formulation constituted of PEA and the well-recognized antioxidant flavonoid luteolin (Lut) subjected to an ultra-micronization process (co-ultraPEALut), has been identified as a potential therapeutic agent in different disorders by exerting potential beneficial effects on neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation by modulating synaptic transmission. In this review, we will show the potential therapeutic effects of PEA in animal models and in patients affected by neurodegenerative disorders.