bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Elimination de l'enroulement chez le Pinot noir et le Merlot
Authors: Jakó Nóra
Published: September 2016

Dans la culture in vitro, les apex provenant des bourgeons latents principaux restent en dormance pendant six mois. L'évolution de novo des bourgeons se déroule dans la période de mars à juin de l'année suivante.

Les apex des pousses en voie de croissance prolifèrent sans délai en culture in vitro. L'évolution de novo des bourgeons dans les cultures est continuelle de juillet à décembre. Puis après une période de latence de quatre mois, leur évolution continue jusqu'en juin de l'année suivante.

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During in vitro culture, the apex of the main sleeping buds remain in dormancy for six months. The de novo evolution of the buds takes place between March and June of the following year.

The apex of the growing shoots proliferate immediately during in vitro culture. The de novo evolution of the buds in situ, is continuous from June to December. After a dormancy of four months, their evolution goes on until June of the following year.
Conduite d'un essai diallèle en vue de l'obtention de populations de vigne de raisin de cuve à large variabilité génétique
Authors: Bronner A.
Published: September 2016

Dans le but de favoriser la rupture d'une liaison défavorable entre la saveur musquée des baies et la sensibilité à la coulure apparue dans la descendance de croisements intraspécifiques simples chez Vitis vinifera, nous avons adopté une stratégie génétique originale combinant autofécondation et croisements diallèle à partir de 8 variétés cultivées traditionnellement en Alsace.

Les relations vigueur-fertilité, les taux de germination des graines très variables, les disjonctions non conformes aux schémas admis, sont autant d'obstacles à la réalisation pratique de cette stratégie du fait de la difficulté de maintenir des effectifs suffisant aux étapes successives pour les différentes combinaisons.

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With the object of furthering the break of an unfavourable link between muskat flavour and sensitivity to coulure, which appeared in offsprings of traditional intraspecific crossings of Vitis vinifera, we have adopted an original genetic strategy, which combines selfings and diallele crosses between 8 traditional varieties of Alsace.

The relationship between vigour and bud fruitfulness, the very variable germination rates of seeds, the disjunctions which are not consistent with classical diagrams, create obstacles in the out-carrying of this strategy, because of the difficulty to keep sufficient effectives at the successive steps for the different combinations.
Mise en évidence d'anthocyanes dans les feuilles vertes de Cabernet Sauvignon
Authors: Darné Gérard
Published: September 2016

Chez la Vigne, les feuilles des parties médiane et apicale des rameaux principaux jouent un rôle important dans l'apparition de la coloration anthocyanique des pellicules des raisins rouges (DARNÉ et GlORIES, 1986). Il semble en effet qu'elles synthétisent une substance qui est ensuite exportée vers les baies, ce qui déclenche la synthèse des pigments anthocyaniques pelliculaires marquant le stade « véraison » des raisins.

Lorsque cette exportation est rendue impossible par une incision annulaire, une synthèse d'anthocyanes se manifeste rapidement dans ces mêmes feuilles qui prennent, dès l'époque de la véraison, une coloration rouge comparable à la coloration automnale des feuilles sénescentes. Cette apparition précoce d'anthocyanes nous a amené à étudier le contenu anthocyanique des feuilles vertes, aucune recherche n'ayant été faite à ce sujet.
Effets de la taille en vert sur le cépage Tempranillo dans la région de la Rioja Alavesa
Authors: López Fernández Enrique
Published: September 2016

Les effets du rognage et la suppression des entre-coeurs sur le cépage Tempranillo ont été étudiés en 1986, dans deux vignobles de la Rioja Alavesa. L'essai comprenait 560 souches considérées individuellement.

Le rognage augmente la production et diminue le degré alcoolique probable.

La suppression des entre-coeurs donne les meilleurs résultats, quand elle est faite au début de la floraison, mais la réponse de la vigne est différente en fonction du type de la taille.

Dans une année caractérisée par une sécheresse excessive et un faible développement végétatif, les meilleurs résultats sont obtenus avec le rognage sans suppression des entre-coeurs dans le cas du gobelet et avec la suppression des entre-coeurs sans rognage dans le cas du Guyot simple.

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The consequences of both the triming of excessive vegetation and the systemetic removal of lateral shoots on Tempranillo vines were the subject of a research in 1986 based upon 560 selected vine-stocks observed individually.

The topping increases the yield and reduces the potential alcoholic degree.

The removal of lateral shoots gives better results when performed at the beginning of the flowering-time though it all depends on the type of vine-training.

On an extremely dry year, with limited foliage, the best results are obtained by topping the excessive vegetation with no systematic removal of lateral shoots if the vines are trained as bushes; where as for the single « Guyot » type of training (one fruit-bearing branch) the removal of lateral shoots without any topping of excessive vegetation gives better results.
The Impacts of Different Green Manure on Soil Microbial Communities and Crop Health
Authors: Yang Hongwu , Niu Jiaojiao , Tao Jiemeng , Gu Yabing , Zhang Chao , She Siyuan , Chen Wu , Yang Hongqi , Yin Huaqun
Published: September 2016

Green manure could improve soil nutrients and crop production, playing a significant role in sustainable agriculture. However, the impacts of green manure on crop health and the roles soil microbial communities play in the process haven’t been clarified clearly yet. In this study, we investigated soil microbial community composition and structure in four tobacco farmlands, which were treated with different green manure (control, ryegrass, pea and rape), using 16S rRNA gene amplicons sequencing. Results showed that green manure had significant impacts on soil properties, microbial communities and tobacco health. First, soil total C, N and Ca content increased significantly in groups treated with green manure than control. Second, soil community diversity was significantly higher in groups treated with green manure. Third, green manure especially ryegrass, decreased tobacco disease (bacterial wilt) rate dramatically, and the process might be mediated by soil microbial communities. On the one hand, several microbial populations were found to be potentially disease inducible or suppressive. For example, the abundances of Dokdonella and Rhodanobacter were positively correlated to tobacco disease rate, while Acidobacteira_Gp4 and Gp6 had negative correlations with tobacco disease. On the other hand, soil microbial communities were shaped by soil properties (e.g., pH, C and N content). In conclusion, our research showed that green manure could increase soil nutrients directly, and further improve tobacco health mediated by soil microorganisms, which may shed light on revealing interactions among soil properties, microorganisms and plants.
Influencia del suplemento con inulina enriquecida con fructooligosacáridos sobre el contenido y la densidad mineral ósea tras el parto y la lactación en ratas
Authors: Bueno Vargas Pilar
Published: September 2016

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Determnación del índice glucémico y la carga glucémica de productos lácteos fermentados en sujetos adultos sanos, sedentarios y deportistas
Authors: Morales Guerrero Josefina Consuelo
Published: September 2016

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Pengaruh pH Air Pelarut dan Umur Larutan Semprot terhadap Efikasi Pestisida pada Tanaman Kentang
Authors: Prabaningrum Laksminiwati , Moekasan Tonny Koestoni
Published: September 2016

Dua dari banyak faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap keberhasilan penyemprotan pestisida ialah pH air pelarut dan umur larutan semprot. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh kedua faktor tersebut terhadap efikasi insektisida dan fungisida yang digunakan untuk mengendalikan hama dan penyakit tanaman kentang. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dari bulan Juli sampai Oktober 2015 di Kebun Percobaan Margahayu (1.250 m dpl.), Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran di Lembang. Penelitian disusun menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok pola faktorial dan tiap kombinasi perlakuan diulang enam kali. Macam perlakuan yang diuji ialah: (A) umur larutan semprot (a1: larutan semprot dibuat sehari sebelum aplikasi dan a2: larutan semprot dibuat sesaat sebelum aplikasi) dan (B) pH air pelarut (b1: pH 5 dan b2: pH 8). Pestisida yang digunakan ialah abamektin, spinosad, dan klorotalonil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) larutan semprot yang disimpan hingga 1 hari tidak memengaruhi efikasi insektisida abamektin dan spinosad serta fungisida klorotalonil terhadap OPT tanaman kentang, (2) air pelarut dengan pH 8 menurunkan efikasi insektisida abamektin, spinosad, dan klorotalonil terhadap OPT tanaman kentang, dan (3) tanaman kentang yang disemprot insektisida abamektin dan spinosad serta fungisida klorotalonil dengan pH air pelarut 5 menghasilkan ubi dengan bobot yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan tanaman kentang yang disemprot insektisida dan fungisida yang sama tetapi dengan pH air 8.
Seleksi dan Adaptasi Empat Calon Varietas Unggul Buncis Tegak untuk Dataran Medium
Authors: Djuariah Diny , Rosliani Rini , Kurniawan Helmi , Lukman Liferdi
Published: September 2016

Buncis merupakan salah satu sayuran yang mempunyai peranan penting sebagai sumber gizi masyarakat dan sebagai sumber ekonomi. Rerata hasil buncis masih rendah (< 15 t/ha). Salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan produksi buncis baik kuantitas maupun kualitas, yaitu melalui penggunaan benih bermutu tinggi. Benih bermutu tinggi dapat berupa varietas unggul baru buncis tegak, yang sampai saat ini belum ada varietas yang didaftar. Skrining kultivar-kultivar buncis tegak telah dilakukan dan menghasilkan empat kultivar yang menunjukkan hasil yang baik. Hasil dari uji pendahuluan dan uji lanjutan menunjukkan ternyata buncis tegak cocok untuk dikembangkan di dataran medium dan dataran rendah sampai 200 m dpl. Oleh karena itu, sebagai syarat untuk pendaftaran varietas telah dilakukan uji keunggulan di tiga lokasi dataran medium dan dua musim tanam. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan varietas unggul buncis tegak untuk dataran medium, kualitas baik (seragam, renyah, dan polong hijau terang) dan produksi tinggi (> 20 t/ha). Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan ialah acak kelompok dengan enam perlakuan dan empat ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri atas lima nomor yang diuji, yaitu Le - 02, Le - 44, Balitsa 1, Balitsa 2, dan Balitsa 3 serta BC 02 sebagai pembanding. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Balitsa 1, Balitsa 2, dan Balitsa 3 merupakan varietas unggul buncis tegak untuk dataran medium yang disukai konsumen dan produksi lebih besar, masing-masing 16,25 t/ha, 19,50 t/ha, dan 19,71 t/ha. Dari hasil kegiatan uji keunggulan ini didapat tiga calon varietas unggul buncis tegak berkualitas baik dan produksi tinggi dan beralasan untuk didaftarkan.
Tanggap Empat Varietas Paprika (Capsicum annuum var. Grossum) terhadap Jumlah Cabang Berbeda di Dataran Tinggi Lembang, Jawa Barat
Authors: Gunadi Nikardi
Published: September 2016

Pada saat ini, beberapa varietas paprika baru telah tersedia sebagai pilihan alternatif petani. Setiap varietas paprika mempunyai tipe pertumbuhan dan kapasitas masing-masing dalam memproduksi buahnya. Di Indonesia, penelitian tentang pengaruh jumlah cabang per tanaman baru dilakukan pada beberapa varietas saja tetapi pada varietas paprika lainnya belum dilakukan.Penelitian dengan tujuan mengetahui tanggap empat varietas paprika (Capsicum annuum var. Grossum) terhadap jumlah cabang berbeda telah dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran, Lembang (1.250 m dpl.), Jawa Barat dari bulan April sampai bulan Desember 2010. Dua faktor perlakuan yang dicoba pada penelitian ini, yaitu (1) jumlah cabang per tanaman (dua, tiga, dan empat cabang), dan (2) varietas (Spider, E 41.9560, Zamboni, dan Inspiration). Kombinasi perlakuan tersebut diatur dengan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok pola faktorial dengan tiga ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah cabang per tanaman berpengaruh nyata terhadap hasil paprika dan tanaman paprika dengan tiga cabang per tanaman memberikan hasil total dan kelas buah >200 g tertinggi yang berbeda nyata dengan tanaman paprika dengan dua dan empat cabang per tanaman. Rerata hasil total paprika dengan tiga cabang per tanaman ialah 19% lebih tinggi daripada dengan dua cabang per tanaman dan 15% lebih tinggi daripada dengan empat cabang per tanaman. Pada kelas buah >200 g, tanaman paprika yang ditanam dengan tiga cabang per tanaman berturut-turut 16% dan 19% lebih tinggi daripada tanaman paprika yang ditanam dengan dua dan empat cabang per tanaman. Hasil paprika tidak berbeda nyata di antara keempat varietas yang dicoba dan rerata hasil total paprika pada percobaan ini ialah 12,05 kg/m2. Rerata bobot buah varietas E 41.9560 tertinggi yang berbeda nyata dibandingkan dengan rerata bobot buah ketiga varietas lainnya. Rerata bobot buah yang tertinggi kedua ditunjukkan oleh varietas Zamboni, kemudian diikuti oleh varietas Inspiration dan Spider. Rerata bobot buah dari varietas E 41.9560, Zamboni, Inspiration, dan Spider berturut-turut 250, 231, 220, dan 205 g. Hasil penelitian ini merekomendasikan bahwa apabila yang diinginkan buah dengan ukuran besar maka varietas E 41.9560 atau Zamboni yang ditanam, sedangkan bila yang diinginkan buah dengan ukuran sedang maka varietas Spider atau Inspiration yang ditanam. Hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai rekomendasi untuk pemilihan varietas dan teknik budidaya paprika dalam kondisi rumah plastik di dataran tinggi.
Potensi Campuran Spodoptera exigua Nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeNPV) dengan Insektisida Botani untuk Meningkatkan Mortalitas Ulat Bawang Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) di Laboratorium
Authors: Marhaen Luluk Sutji , Aprianto Fahmi , Hasyim Ahsol , Lukman Liferdi
Published: September 2016

Hama Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) merupakan hama penting pada tanaman bawang di Indonesia. Pengendalian hama ini dengan insektisida kimia sintetik tidak memuaskan, bahkan telah menyebabkan hama menjadi resisten. SeNPV bila diaplikasikan  secara tunggal untuk pengendalian hama S. exigua hasilnya masih kurang memuaskan. Namun, diharapkan SeNPV bila dicampurkan dengan insektisida botani dapat memberikan hasil yang lebih baik untuk mengendalikan  hama S. exigua. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui potensi campuran SeNPV dengan insektisida botani terhadap mortalitas larva S. exigua instar 3 di laboratorium. Percobaan dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Entomologi Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran, Lembang ( ± 1.250 m dpl.), mulai bulan Juli sampai Oktober 2014. Larva S. exigua dikumpulkan dari pertanaman petani bawang merah di daerah Cirebon, Jawa Barat dan diperbanyak di Rumah Kasa Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran. Penelitian dilaksanakan dalam dua tahap kegiatan, yaitu (1) uji pendahuluan dosis SeNPV dan empat jenis ekstrak tumbuhan, yaitu legundi (Vitex trifolia Linn.), serai wangi (Cymbopogon nardus), daun jeruk purut (Citrus hystrix DC), ubi gadung (Dioscorea hispida) dan (2) uji campuran beberapa dosis SeNPV dengan dosis sublethal  dari ekstrak daun legundi (Vitex trifolia Linn.). Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan ialah rancangan acak lengkap yang terdiri atas enam perlakuan dan empat ulangan. Mortalitas larva S. exigua diamati mulai 24 jam sampai dengan 168 jam setelah perlakuan. Data mortalitas larva diolah menggunakan analisis probit untuk menetapkan nilai LC50. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa nilai LC50 SeNPV sebesar 424,67 ppm dan dari empat ekstrak insektisida botani yang terendah diperoleh dari insektisida daun legundi, yaitu 2.199, 277 ppm. Berdasarkan nilai LC50 campuran SeNPV dengan insektisida botani daun legundi  menunjukkan efektivitas sinergistik dan meningkatkan efikasi 12,24 kali lipat jika dibandingkan dengan SeNPV  secara tunggal. Kombinasi SeNPV dengan ekstrak daun legundi konsentrasi sublethal dapat meningkatkan efikasi virus SeNPV dalam mengendalikan S. exigua.
Pelengkungan Cabang dan Pemupukan Jeruk Keprok Borneo Prima pada Periode Transisi di Lahan Rawa Kabupaten Paser Kalimantan Timur
Authors: Azizu Muhamad Noor , Poerwanto Roedhy , Suhartanto M. Rahmad , Suketi Ketty
Published: September 2016

Jeruk keprok Borneo Prima (Citrus reticulata cv. Borneo Prima) merupakan komoditas lokal unggulan yang perlu dikembangkan sebagai upaya untuk mengurangi impor jeruk. Tanaman jeruk keprok Borneo Prima telah berumur 5 tahun, namun belum memasuki periode berbunga dan berbuah. Hal ini diduga karena kondisi lingkungan dan teknik budidaya yang belum sesuai. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk mendapatkan teknik pelengkungan cabang dan dosis pupuk kandang yang tepat jeruk keprok Borneo Prima pada periode transisi di lahan rawa. Penelitian dilaksanakan di kebun jeruk petani Desa Padang Pengrapat, Kecamatan Tanah Grogot, Kabupaten Paser, Kalimantan Timur, di lahan rawa pada bulan Oktober 2013 sampai dengan Maret 2014, dengan rancangan acak kelompok faktorial dan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama ialah pelengkungan cabang dengan dua taraf, yaitu tidak dilengkungkan dan dilengkungkan. Faktor kedua ialah dosis pupuk kandang dengan empat taraf, yaitu 0, 40, 60, dan 80 kg/tanaman. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa pelengkungan cabang dapat menyebabkan tanaman jeruk keprok Borneo Prima yang berumur 5 tahun menjadi berbunga dan berbuah, sedangkan yang tidak dilengkungkan cabangnya tidak berbunga dan tidak berbuah. Selain itu pelengkungan cabang meningkatkan pertumbuhan vegetatif (jumlah tunas baru, total panjang tunas baru per pohon, dan total daun baru per pohon). Pemberian pupuk kandang sampai dengan 80 kg/tanaman pada periode transisi belum dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan vegetatif dan generatif (jumlah bunga per cabang dan jumlah buah per cabang) sampai dengan 90 hari setelah perlakuan. Tidak terdapat interaksi antara pemberian pupuk kandang dan pelengkungan cabang terhadap pertumbuhan vegetatif dan generatif. Bunga pertama muncul dari cabang atau tunas yang terletak di bagian dalam tajuk lalu diikuti tajuk yang terletak di luar. Untuk membungakan tanaman jeruk keprok Borneo Prima yang telah memasuki periode transisi atau pada periode transisi dapat dilakukan pelengkungan cabang.
Waterflood Direction and Front Characterization With Four-Step Work Flow: A Case Study in Changqing Oil Field China
Authors: He Youwei , Cheng Shiqing , Li Lei , Mu Guoquan , Zhang Tiantian , Xu Hainan , Qin Jiazheng , Yu Haiyang
Published: September 2016

Because of the effect of reservoir heterogeneity and fractures in low-permeability reservoirs, effective characterization of waterflood direction and front has become a challenging issue under high-water-cut condition. To achieve better understanding of such a complex problem, a work flow, containing statistical and numerical techniques, is developed to characterize waterflood direction and front distribution in Changqing oilfield by using both flow rates and bottomhole-pressure (BHP) data. The work flow includes four steps: First, dynamic analysis is used to qualitatively investigate the relationships between injector and producers; then, the constraint multiple-linear-regressions (MLR) method is applied to calculate the interwell-connectivity coefficients, which was used to quantitatively describe the waterflood direction by production and injection rates. On the basis of the results of the two former steps, we can adopt numerical well testing as our third step to deal with flow rates and BHP data to characterize the waterflood direction and front. Finally, the streamline method is used to simulate the waterflood front and high-permeability-channel distribution on the basis of the outcome of the three preceding techniques.

Compared with individual methods, the proposed work flow can offer more perspectives and ways to make a comprehensive and deep investigation of the waterflood reservoir. The results obtained by this work flow enable proactive and better waterflood management in the Well Group W16 in Changqing oil field; namely, the water cut of producers decreases, meanwhile the oil production increases by nearly 40% referring to the field data in 2015. With the help of the information obtained by this work flow, operators could make more-reasonable decisions on waterflood management such as well-pattern optimization and injection–production parameters adjustment.
Performance and productivity measurement of urban water supply services in India
Authors: Nyathikala Sai Amulya , Kulshrestha Mukul
Published: September 2016

Water supply services in India are currently not regulated and remain essential monopolies under the strict control of government. These services are mostly perceived as inefficient, reflecting insufficient municipal revenue generations which result in loss-making municipalities that need to be subsidized by the government. The efficiencies and productivities remain largely unmeasured and undetermined, and therefore the perception of inefficient services is not backed by scientific studies. This paper therefore sets up a framework for measuring the performance and productivity of Indian water supply operations. The study utilizes panel data on 21 municipalities observed over the financial years 2005 and 2010, to analyze the relative efficiencies and productivity growths of utilities. Data envelopment analysis is used to obtain efficiency scores and productivity measures such as the Malmquist index. The results indicate the presence of large relative inefficiencies and decreasing productivity of water supply services over time, alluding to a failure to revise tariffs upwards despite increasing input costs over time, thereby driving the need for sector regulation and tariff revision in accordance with X-factors, which was found to have a mean value of 2.4% for possible price cap regulation in the sector. The paper highlights related policy implications.
Iridium nanoparticles with high catalytic activity in degradation of acid red-26: an oxidative approach
Authors: Goel Anjali , Lasyal Rajni
Published: September 2016

Nanocatalysis using metal nanoparticles constitutes one of the emerging technologies for destructive oxidation of organics such as dyes. This paper deals with the degradation of acid red-26 (AR-26), an azo dye by hexacyanoferrate (abbreviated as HCF) (III) using iridium nanoparticles. UV-vis spectroscopy has been employed to obtain the details of the oxidative degradation of the selected dye. The effect of various operational parameters such as HCF(III) concentration, pH, initial dye concentration, catalyst and temperature was investigated systematically at the λmax, 507 nm, of the reaction mixture. Degradation kinetics follows the first order kinetic model with respect to AR-26 and Ir nano concentrations, while with respect to the HCF(III) concentration reaction it follows first order kinetics at lower concentrations, tending towards zero order at higher concentrations. Thermodynamic parameters have been calculated by studying the reaction rate at four different temperatures. The UV-vis, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis of degradation products showed the formation of carboxylic acid and substituted carboxylic acids as major degradation products, which are simple and less hazardous compounds. The big advantage of the present method is the recovery and reuse of iridium nanoparticles. Moreover, turnover frequencies for each catalytic cycle have been determined, indicating the long life span of Ir nanoparticles. Thus, the finding is a novel and highly economical alternative for environmental safety against pollution by dyes, and extendable for other contaminants as well.
Towards a standardization of biomethane potential tests
Authors: Holliger Christof , Alves Madalena , Andrade Diana , Angelidaki Irini , Astals Sergi , Baier Urs , Bougrier Claire , Buffière Pierre , Carballa Marta , de Wilde Vinnie , Ebertseder Florian , Fernández Belén , Ficara Elena , Fotidis Ioannis , Frigon Jean-Claude , de Laclos Hélène Fruteau , Ghasimi Dara S. M. , Hack Gabrielle , Hartel Mathias , Heerenklage Joern , Horvath Ilona Sarvari , Jenicek Pavel , Koch Konrad , Krautwald Judith , Lizasoain Javier , Liu Jing , Mosberger Lona , Nistor Mihaela , Oechsner Hans , Oliveira João Vítor , Paterson Mark , Pauss André , Pommier Sébastien , Porqueddu Isabella , Raposo Francisco , Ribeiro Thierry , Rüsch Pfund Florian , Strömberg Sten , Torrijos Michel , van Eekert Miriam , van Lier Jules , Wedwitschka Harald , Wierinck Isabella
Published: September 2016

Production of biogas from different organic materials is a most interesting source of renewable energy. The biomethane potential (BMP) of these materials has to be determined to get insight in design parameters for anaerobic digesters. Although several norms and guidelines for BMP tests exist, inter-laboratory tests regularly show high variability of BMPs for the same substrate. A workshop was held in June 2015, in Leysin, Switzerland, with over 40 attendees from 30 laboratories around the world, to agree on common solutions to the conundrum of inconsistent BMP test results. This paper presents the consensus of the intense roundtable discussions and cross-comparison of methodologies used in respective laboratories. Compulsory elements for the validation of BMP results were defined. They include the minimal number of replicates, the request to carry out blank and positive control assays, a criterion for the test duration, details on BMP calculation, and last but not least criteria for rejection of the BMP tests. Finally, recommendations on items that strongly influence the outcome of BMP tests such as inoculum characteristics, substrate preparation, test setup, and data analysis are presented to increase the probability of obtaining validated and reproducible results.
Lotus seedpod as a low-cost biomass for potential methylene blue adsorption
Authors: He Qiulai , Wang Hongyu , Zhang Jing , Zou Zhuocheng , Zhou Jun , Yang Kai , Zheng Lian
Published: September 2016

The adsorption of methylene blue (MB) by low cost biomass lotus seedpod (LSP) was optimized by a central composite design combined with response surface methodology in aqueous solution. Solution pH, initial dye concentration and adsorbent dosage were studied as independent variables at five levels each, respectively. Analysis of variance suggested the validity of the regression model. LSP was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The kinetics revealed that the adsorption behavior followed the pseudo-second-order model. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were used to evaluate the adsorption, and the experimental data were better fitted by the Langmuir isotherm than the Freundlich isotherm. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of the LSP was 157.98 mg g−1 at 30 °C for MB adsorption. In addition, 0.2 M HCl solution could be used for reusability of LSP via desorption tests. LSP was proven to be an available and effective biosorbent for MB removal from aqueous solution.
Removal of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in groundwater by nanofiltration membrane
Authors: Boonya-atichart Apisara , Boontanon Suwanna Kitpati , Boontanon Narin
Published: September 2016

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is very persistent in the environment and resistant to typical degradation processes. PFOA has been widely used in surface-active agents and as an emulsifier in several products and can contaminate groundwater. Groundwater is considered as an important source of water; hence removal of PFOA contamination in groundwater is needed. This study aimed to examine the removal of PFOA in spiked deionized water and spiked groundwater samples by nanofiltration (NF) membrane. PFOA removal efficiency was performed by using NF membrane and all samples were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). For groundwater concentration, solid phase extraction is needed before being analysed by HPLC-MS/MS. The results showed that at higher pressures and higher PFOA concentrations, the PFOA removal efficiencies were slightly higher. The PFOA removal efficiency of spiked deionized water and spiked groundwater sample were 99.78–99.87% and 99.49–99.54%, respectively, which were not significantly different.
Oral speech teaching to students of mathematic specialties: a grammatical aspect
Authors: Ibragimov Ildar Ilbekovich , Karasev Andrej Aleksandrovich
Published: September 2016

The paper considers teaching features of English speech grammar aspects. The case studies include undergraduates of mathematical specialties. The content of students’ educational activity at the final stage of language teaching is pointed out. Besides the structure of grammar section, a special didactic training unit in which framework mastering grammar phenomena used in oral speech takes place is described.
Methods of the third age people’s introduction to educational activities
Authors: Mokroguz Elena Dmitrievna
Published: September 2016

The article is about the formation of the valuable attitude to education in the late period of life. Concept, methods, conditions of the third age people’s introduction to educational activities are suggested.
History of academic advising development in american higher education
Authors: Abdykhalykova Jazira Esenkeldievna
Published: September 2016

The article analyzes the history of the development and establishment of academic advising in the context of US higher education, defines the functions and features of the academic advising in the educational space.
The doctrine of penal law of Germany about the system of the special part of the German criminal code, special part
Authors: Serebrennikova Anna Valeryevna
Published: September 2016

The article aims to analyze the approaches of the German legislator and the criminal law doctrine on the system of the Special part of the Criminal code of Germany. The author considers different points of view of representatives of the German criminal law according to the doctrine on this issue. In conclusion, the Special part of penal law of Germany as a science and a branch of the law should be primarily based on existing legislation, i. e. the criminal code of Germany, including the rules of the Special part.
Phraseological units in the military-political discourse
Authors: Vorojko Kristina Dmitrievna
Published: September 2016

Phraseology enjoys a wide representation in today’s texts of the military-political discourse. Phraseological units are indispensable of metaphoricity that imparts a special expression and unique peculiarity to journalistic genre. This study is intended for students specialized in philology and a broad audience.
Petrov-Vodkin K.: paradoxes of the totalitarian taste
Authors: Klimov Viktor Petrovich , Klimova Galina Pavlovna
Published: September 2016

In our research we have to open the contents of aesthetic taste. It is determined historically and connected to the various political, ideological and religious sides of life a society. The concept of taste reflects the metaphysics maintained by culture. Totalitarian taste – derivative the totalitarian state. Propagation of optimism, flatter realism, photographic concreteness, staging of official ceremonies, and private life has transformed art of this time into a mix of a forgery with heroism, that equally forged culture of people, and also had destructive effect on an aesthetics and ethics of the silent majority. In papers we attempt to determine the basic attributes of totalitarian taste is made within the framework of aesthetic interpretation of creativity of the Russian artist of the beginning of XX century – K.S.Petrov-Vodkin.
Inclusive education of children with disabilities in the context of the rural schools
Authors: Erbyagina Anna Anatolyevna
Published: September 2016

The paper describes the conditions of inclusive education in rural ungraded school. The problems of implementing inclusive education in the rural school are also discussed.
Functions of public relations
Authors: Baranov Gennady Vladimirovich
Published: September 2016

The article reveals the importance of communication with the public in the implementation of human rights and the ideals of mankind; characterized by the specificity of public relations in the information culture of belief; PR functions are explained on the criterion of optimization of activity of social interactions on the basis of cultural ideals.
W obronie umiarkowanego abolicjonizmu
Authors: Szostek MIC Andrzej
Published: September 2016

Ks. Andrzej Szostek MIC w artykule W obronie umiarkowanego abolicjonizmu broni tezy, iż nauczanie Kościoła w sprawie kary śmierci określić można mianem umiarkowanego abolicjonizmu. Jego zdaniem, podejście to zakłada, iż kara śmierci jest moralnie naganna, choć mogą istnieć pewne sytuacje, w których jest ona usprawiedliwiona do czasu. W tym sensie wyjątkowa akceptacja kary śmierci stanowi zadanie dla społeczeństwa (władz państwa), aby podjąć wysiłek do przekroczenia tej nienormalnej sytuacji w kierunku normalności, czyli całkowitego usunięcia kary śmierci.
Kara śmierci – refleksje prawne z perspektywy chrześcijańskiej
Authors: Zoll Andrzej
Published: September 2016

W artykule Kara śmierci – refleksje prawne z perspektywy chrześcijańskiej Andrzej Zoll podejmuje dyskusję z ukazywaniem obrony koniecznej oraz odstraszania jako argumentów za utrzymaniem kary śmierci za zabójstwo w prawie karnym. W toku swojej analizy wskazuje również, iż kara śmierci, w perspektywie chrześcijańskiej, nie może być zasadnie traktowana jako kara.
Estudo da remoção de H2S utilizando o software de simulação Aspen Hysys®
Authors: Rodrigues Héllen , Meneguelo Ana Paula
Published: September 2016

Na indústria petrolífera, durante as várias fases do processo de produção e estocagem do petróleo, podem ocorrer cenários em que se observa a presença de sulfeto de hidrogênio (H2S). Com o aumento das exigências ambientais e ocupacionais, a remoção de componentes ácidos, como sulfeto de hidrogênio (H2S), de correntes de hidrocarbonetos gasosos ou líquidos é um processo cada vez mais requerido em muitas etapas da indústria de processamento de petróleo e gás. No auge do desenvolvimento de novos métodos e técnicas capazes de solucionar problemas com o máximo de eficiência possível, visando o menor custo com segurança e o respeito ao meio ambiente, esta pesquisa propõe uma metodologia para a separação do sulfeto de hidrogênio de uma corrente de óleo tratado. Tendo como cenário de análise dados de uma estação de coleta e tratamento de petróleo, esta pesquisa possibilita a avaliação da capacidade de retirada do H2S do óleo por meio de um método simples de separação, baseado em mecanismos físicos. Foram analisadas variáveis, como pressão e temperatura, na redução da solubilidade do H2S no óleo, provocando, consequentemente, sua separação. Nas análises, é utilizado um software comercial de simulação, AspenHysys®, que proporciona a possibilidade de simulações de vários cenários (layouts de planta) e parâmetros operacionais.
Estudo do escoamento de fluidos não-Newtonianos em seções anulares excêntricas
Authors: Maciel Rodrigo Simões
Published: September 2016

Resumo:O transporte de cascalhos através de fluidos de perfuração tradicionalmente tem grande destaque na indústria petrolífera. Isto devido às técnicas de perfuração direcional e horizontal, aprimoradas no fim da década de 80, apresentando uma nova perspectiva para a exploração de hidrocarbonetos, mas também trazendo um cenário mais desafiador. É frequente o uso de fluidos não-Newtonianos como agentes carreadores das partículas sólidas, devido as suas características reológicas. Este fluido atua na limpeza do poço, contribuindo para a redução do desgaste da broca e limpeza da frente de avanço. Neste estudo a estratégia para a investigação dos fenômenos envolvidos é simulação numérica, através de softwares de dinâmica de fluidos computacional (CFD). Os principais objetivos são: avaliar a influência de variáveis operacionais sobre os perfis de velocidades durante o escoamento de fluidos Newtonianos e não-Newtoniano, bem como a influência da vazão e rotação da coluna de perfuração na fluidodinâmica do escoamento sólido-liquido. Uma modelagem tridimensional é empregada, envolvendo os principais aspectos de uma seção anular excêntrica. O equacionamento segue a estratégia de volumes finitos com base nas equações de Navier-Stokes e modelagem multifásica Euler-Euler Granular.Palavras chave: CFD, carreamento de sólidos, escoamento multifásico, anular excêntrico.
Estudo sobre a influência da permeabilidade no meio poroso em projetos de injeção e armazenamento geológico de CO2
Authors: ZUCATELLI PEDRO JUNIOR
Published: September 2016

Um dos objetivos da simulação numérica em reservatórios de petróleo e aquíferos salinos está voltado à previsão do comportamento dos mesmos ao longo de sua vida. Uma das mais importantes propriedades petrofísicas para qualificação desses meios porosos é a permeabilidade. A permeabilidadede um meio poroso é a medida de sua capacidade de deixar atravessar por fluidos. O presente artigo aborda um estudo envolvendo simulações de injeção e armazenamento geológico de CO2 em um aquífero salino a fim de analisar o comportamento do reservatório com a variação da permeabilidade. O modelofísico estudado foi um reservatório fictício em formato de paralelepípedo cuboide possuindo um poço injetor localizado no seu centro. Considerou-se o escoamento tridimensional, moderadamente compressível e multifásico com fluxo transiente. Para tal estudo, foi utilizado o software Eclipse da empresa Schlumberger para realizar simulações de três estudos de caso, em que a permeabilidade é aumentada e reduzida. O primeiro caso trata-se de um modelo simulado que se torna o padrão para comparar e caracterizar com o segundo e o terceiro caso. Os resultados foram comparados e interpretadosbaseando-se na variação da pressão e da saturação de gás no aquífero salino. Conclui-se nesse artigo que ambos os parâmetros analisados são mais sensíveis a redução da permeabilidade.
Histological and histochemical features of the small intestine in loggerhead sea turtle hatchlings (Caretta caretta)
Authors: Ontiveros-Tlachi Rodrigo , Muñoz-Tenería Fernando Alberto , Anzaldúa-Arce Santiago René
Published: September 2016

Loggerheads (Caretta caretta) are endangered marine turtles and basic research is an essential component of conservation. In an attempt to provide further information in this field, we aimed to identify the microscopic morphological and histochemical features of the small intestine in the loggerhead turtle. Four loggerhead turtle hatchlings were used in this study; due to the loggerhead’s endangered status, this study was performed with dead animals. During necropsy, the cranial and caudal portions of the small intestine were obtained. The samples were embedded in paraffin and stained using the following techniques: Hematoxylin and Eosin, Gomori’s trichrome, Periodic acid-Schiff reactive (PAS), Alcian blue (pH 1.0 and pH 2.5), PAS-Alcian blue, Toluidine blue (pH 4.5 and pH 3.5), Giemsa, colloidal iron, Perl’s blue, Wilder’s impregnation, Methenamine silver, Grimelius and Masson-Fontana. The intestinal mucosa present plicae featuring a pseudostratified columnar epithelium with abundant blood vessels and abundant lymphatic vessels in the submucosa; both of these observations represent the main histological findings. The secretory granules in the goblet cells demonstrated the following characteristics: in the cranial portion, neutral mucopolysaccharides, sulfated acid mucopolysaccharides and mucopolysaccharides with sialic acid were found. In the caudal portion, neutral mucopolysaccharides and mucopolysaccharides with sialic acid were observed. Argentaffin cells were detected along the small intestine, primarily in the cranial portion. There are morphological differences, both histological and histochemical, between the cranial and caudal portion in the small intestine of C. caretta. These characteristics are correlated with possible functions in tissue physiology.
Sarcocystis sp. parasites in the Mexican Great-tailed Grackle (Quiscalus mexicanus), Bronzed Cowbird (Molothrus aeneus), and Stripe-headed Sparrow (Aimophila ruficauda)
Authors: Sánchez-Godoy Félix Domingo , Chávez-Maya Fernando , Méndez-Bernal Adriana , García-Espinosa Gary , Guerrero-Molina Cristina , Ledesma-Martínez Néstor , Morales-Salinas Elizabeth
Published: September 2016

The objective of this study was to describe the morphological and ultraestructural characteristics, the polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) results, the sequences and the phylogenetic analysis of a specific fragment of internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS-1), amplified using the 25/396 primers, of the Sarcocystis sp. parasites identified in the muscles of wild great-tailed grackles, bronzed cowbirds, and stripe-headed sparrows in Mexico. Fifteen birds with sarcocystosis in their skeletal muscles were studied: 7 great-tailed grackles (Quiscalus mexicanus), 6 bronzed cowbirds (Molothrus aeneus), and 2 stripe-headed sparrows (Aimophila ruficauda). Histopathological analysis revealed thin-walled mature parasite cysts. Ultrastructurally, the cyst wall consisted of a granular layer with villar protrusions and numerous microtubules. The bradyzoites measured 4.1 × 1.6 µm, and micronemes appeared in the anterior third of the conoid. For molecular identification, PCR-RFLP was performed using sequences of a specific fragment of internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS-1) using the primers 25/396 and Hinf I. Hind III did not cut this fragment. The sequencing results indicated a 100% similarity among the Sarcocystis parasites from the three bird species, and a BLAST search revealed 96% sequence similarity with S. neurona. The phylogenetic analysis shows that the sequences studied are topologically distant to those sequences reported for S. neurona in the United States and in South America and are not related to any group previously reported. Although our morphological and molecular analysis data provide strong evidence that S. neurona uses these bird species as intermediate hosts, future molecular studies with additional DNA fragments, combined with biological studies, will ultimately allow us to convincingly identify these parasites. This is the first report of a Sarcocystis sp. parasite in wild birds in Mexico that may be S. neurona.
Isolation of Chlamydia abortus in dairy goat herds and its relation to abortion in Guanajuato, Mexico
Authors: Mora-Díaz Juan Carlos , Díaz-Aparicio Efrén , Herrera-López Enrique , Suárez-Güemez Francisco , Escalante-Ochoa Cristina , Jaimes-Villareal Susana , Arellano-Reynoso Beatriz
Published: September 2016

Although Chlamydia abortus is classified as an exotic agent in Mexico, there is increasing evidence of its presence. The objective of this study was to isolate C. abortus in dairy goat herds with problems of abortion in the state of Guanajuato, Mexico, and to develop appropriate diagnostic methods for its detection. Serological samples and vaginal swabs were taken from 6 dairy goat herds. The ELISA revealed a seropositivity of 9.60% for C. abortus. The PCR test based on the vaginal mucus samples resulted in 30 of 126 positive animals (23.8%). Chlamydia spp. were isolated in 34 of the 126 animals tested (26.98%). The 3 diagnostic methods tested were valuable and complementary in zones where Chlamydia is suspected to cause abortions. We demonstrated that the bacteria are present in dairy goat herds of Mexico; thus, Veterinary Sanitary Authorities should consider this disease endemic to establish sanitary procedures to control the spread of the disease and to prevent human transmission.
PERAN KEPALA SEKOLAH DAN PUSTAKAWAN DALAM PEMBERDAYAAN PERPUSTAKAAN SD MUHAMMADIYAH SAPEN DAN SD NEGERI GIWANGAN
Authors: Bagyoastuti Widya Setyaningrum , Wijayanti Wiwik
Published: September 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan: (1) peran kepala sekolah dalam memberdayakan perpustakaan sekolah dasar, dan (2) peran pustakawan dalam memberdayakan perpustakaan sekolah dasar. Pendekatan kualitatif digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan menjadikan perpustakaan SD Muhammadiyah Sapen dan SD Negeri Giwangan sebagai subjek penelitian. Data penelitian dikumpulkan melalui teknik observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi kemudian dianalisis dengan mengacu pada model interaktif menurut Miles dan Huberman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberdayaan perpustakaan sekolah dasar dimulai manakala terdapat dukungan kepala sekolah dan hadirnya pustakawan penuh waktu yang profesional. Kepala sekolah berperan sebagai (1) manajer sekolah, (2) pemimpin instruksional, dan (3) agen perubahan. Pustakawan berperan sebagai (1) manajer perpustakaan, (2) ahli informasi dan penggiat literasi informasi, (3) pelaku instruksional, dan (4) kolaborator. Pemberdayaan perpustakaan dapat dilakukan dengan (1) meningkatkan partisipasi warga sekolah dalam pengembangan koleksi pustaka, (2) meningkatkan kolaborasi antara pustakawan dengan guru dalam pembelajaran, dan (3) pengembangan literasi informasi yang terintegrasi ke dalam pembelajaran.
PENGARUH INQUIRY LEARNING DAN PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR PKKR DITINJAU DARI MOTIVASI BELAJAR
Authors: Handoyono Nurcholish Arifin , Arifin Zainal
Published: September 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) perbedaan hasil belajar peserta didik yang diajar dengan menggunakan metode inquiry learning, problem-based learning, dan konvensional, (2) perbedaan hasil belajar antara peserta didik bermotivasi belajar tinggi dan peserta didik bermotivasi rendah, dan (3) interaksi antara metode pembelajaran dan motivasi belajar terhadap hasil belajar. penelitian ini merupakan penelitan quasi-experiment faktorial 2x3. Teknik analisis yang digunakan untuk menguji hipotesis adalah ANOVA dua jalur dengan bantuan program statistik SPSS 22. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) ada perbedaan hasil belajar yang signifikan antara peserta didik yang diajar dengan menggunakan metode inquiry learning, problem-based learning, dan konvensional, (2) ada perbedaan hasil belajar yang signifikan antara peserta didik bermotivasi belajar tinggi dan rendah, (3) tidak ada interaksi yang signifikan antara metode pembelajaran dan motivasi belajar terhadap hasil belajar, (4) tidak ada perbedaan hasil belajar yang signifikan antara peserta didik yang diajar menggunakan metode inquiry learning dengan metode konversional, (5) tidak ada perbedaan hasil belajar yang signifikan antara peserta didik yang diajar menggunakan metode problem-based learning dengan metode konversional, dan (6) tidak ada perbedaan hasil belajar yang signifikan antara peserta didik yang diajar menggunakan metode inquiry learning dengan problem-based learning.
EVALUASI SARANA DAN PRASARANA PRAKTIK TEKNIK KOMPUTER DAN JARINGAN DI SMK KABUPATEN SUKOHARJO
Authors: Susanto Riyawan , Sudira Putu
Published: September 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat pemenuhan standar sarana dan prasarana praktik paket keahlian Teknik Komputer dan Jaringan (TKJ) di SMK Kabupaten Sukoharjo berdasarkan Permendiknas Nomor 40 tahun 2008. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian evaluasi program dengan model evaluasi kesenjangan. Pendekatan yang digunakan yaitu deskriptif kuantitatif dengan analisis persentase. Obyek dalam penelitian ini adalah sarana dan prasarana praktik paket keahlian TKJ pada 16 SMK di Kabupaten Sukoharjo. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah dokumentasi, observasi dan wawancara. Teknik analisis data pada penelitian ini menggunakan statistik deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) tingkat pemenuhan sarana dan prasarana pada area kerja teknik mekanik elektro belum memenuhi standar; (2) tingkat pemenuhan sarana dan prasarana pada ruang praktik instalasi jaringan belum memenuhi standar; (3) tingkat pemenuhan sarana dan prasarana pada area perbaikan dan perawatan komputer belum memenuhi standar;  dan (4) tingkat pemenuhan sarana dan prasarana ruang penyimpanan dan instruktur belum memenuhi standar.