bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Élaborer son dispositif d’improvisation : hacking et lutherie dans les pratiques de l’improvisation libre
Authors: Canonne Clément
Published: November 2019

Cet article s’emploie à montrer en quoi les activités de lutherie de musiciens issus du monde de l’improvisation libre rencontrent les principes et valeurs associées aux pratiques de hacking. À partir d’une vingtaine d’entretiens réalisés avec des acteurs importants de la scène française des musiques improvisées, on détaille d’abord les opérations caractéristiques du hacking – l’ouverture, le détournement, le recyclage et le partage – qui se retrouvent au cœur des pratiques de lutherie des improvisateurs, avant de mettre en évidence le rôle essentiel joué par ces mêmes opérations dans les usages que font les musiciens de leur instrument dans le temps de la performance. Au final, ce sont précisément les multiples hacks que les musiciens font à leurs dispositifs qui leur permettent de concilier des exigences de jeu a priori contradictoires, entre réactivité et autonomie, adaptabilité et maniabilité, reproductibilité et imprévisibilité.
Knowledge of Limitations: Hacking Practices and Creativity Ideologies in Chipmusic
Authors: Polymeropoulou Marilou
Published: November 2019

This paper centres on chipmusic and the chipscene, exploring the ways in which hacking practices and processes inform social conventions and cultural practices. The central axis of this paper evolves around limitations and the kind of knowledge that their exploration offers to the interested learner. Two kinds of knowledge are explored here: practical and propositional. In the paper, chipmusic is presented as an electronic music subgenre characteristic of 8-bit sound aesthetics, sharing common ideologies with its predecessor, the demoscene, a hobbyist computer subculture that emerged in the 1980s. I explore hacker ethos and aims, as well as the ways in which these were demonstrated in the demoscene, and how they were transmitted as values in the chipscene. The paper applies an analytical framework influenced by Bourdieu’s theories of habitus, doxa, and hysteresis. Through this analytical perspective, I analyse the ethnographic findings from fieldwork in the chipscene that explore the creative dimensions of limitations. First, I discuss software hacks and composing techniques that were adopted to manipulate technological constraints of sound chips in chipmusic-making platforms. Second, I explore the impact of hardware hacking on chipmusic. Finally, I focus on hysteresis as a metaphorical practice of hacking, i.e. disrupting social conventions, processes, and practices, ultimately changing the field of the chipscene.
Musi[ha]cking : Ce que la musique fait au hacking (et inversement)
Authors: Nova Nicolas , Ribac François
Published: November 2019

Dans cet article nous nous intéressons aux convergences entre hacking et pratiques musicales (musicking). Pour cela, nous mobilisons des terrains et époques variés ainsi que la sociologie et l’histoire des sciences. L’analyse de ces convergences nous amène d’abord à proposer une définition plus ouverte du hacking, où les amateurs ont toute leur place. Puis, nous montrons comment le hacking – au sens de la modification d’un système technique par une communauté d’usagers – peut nous aider à étudier la musique in situ et en action.
Cultures ouvrières et musiques populaires en Grande-Bretagne : le cas des brass bands miniers de 1945 au milieu des années 1970
Authors: Henry Marion
Published: November 2019

L’histoire des brass bands britanniques dans la deuxième moitié du xxe siècle est souvent mise en avant comme le symbole d’une culture ouvrière en déclin, progressivement avalée par les forces de la culture de masse et le succès d’autres types de musiques populaires comme le rock’n’roll. Le cas des brass bands miniers montre que si ce genre musical est de plus en plus marginalisé entre 1945 et le milieu des 1970, processus qui n’est que l’intensification d’un phénomène amorcé dans l’entre-deux-guerres, son évolution est complexe. L’utilisation de sources variées et inédites, et en particulier de sources orales, met en lumière des phénomènes de complémentarité, de continuité et d’adaptation. Ce travail vise ainsi à penser la complexité de l’articulation entre les notions de culture ouvrière, culture populaire et culture de masse et à contribuer au dialogue entre l’histoire sociale et les popular music studies.
Biocompatibility of Hydrophilicity Improved Apatite Cement
Authors: Artilia Ira , Tsuru Kanji , Ishikawa Kunio
Published: November 2019

Hydrophilicity of apatite cement was increased after O3 gas treatment on apatite cement (AC) powder. It results on the improvement of the handling and mechanical properties of set AC. Behavior of osteoblastic cells to O3-treated set AC was evaluated including initial cell attachment, morphology of the attached cells and proliferation using rat bone marrow cell (RBM). Cells’ response to the set AC was the same regardless of O3 treatment. The cells well attached and spread with filopodial extensions even over the O3-treated set AC specimens. The rates of cell proliferation on set AC were also the same regardless of O3 treatment. The result indicated O3 treatment of AC powder would not affect to the osteoblast cell response of set AC.
A Mathematical Model for Root Canal Preparation Using Endodontic File: Part B
Authors: Lokhande Pravin R. , Balaguru S.
Published: November 2019

The aim of this article is to develop the mathematical model to describe response of endodontic file in curved root canal during the preparation of root canal using fracture mechanics approach. Any obturation process involves the filling of prepared root canal using bio-compatible materials like gutta-percha. During preparation of infected root canal, substrate, dead tissue and pulp is removed and tapered shape is formed so that any practitioner can fill it effectively. During preparation process of root canal, the canal wall applies locking action and causes resistance to motion of endodontic file, finally resulting into fatigue failure. This article described plastic behavior of endodontic file in curved root canal, mathematical model describing the necessary condition for crack growth in endodontic file, a mathematical model describing plastic zone size for crack on surface of endodontic file, a mathematical model describing crack tip opening displacement for crack on surface of endodontic file and mathematical model for pure-combined torsion and bending consideration for design of endodontic file. The mathematical model described is helpful for the Endodontic experts, researchers, design engineers. However the applicability of the described mathematical model limited to assumption of study. The gap between root canal to be prepared and endodontic file is zero while preparation. The endodontic file weight, speed of rotation and substrate removal rate is assumed to be constant. The mathematical model for endodontic file discussed above proved to be efficient tool for studying the root canal preparation.
Numerical Study of the Biomechanical Behaviour of the Different Implantation Methods of the Reverse Shoulder Replacement
Authors: Mebarki Salah , Aour Benaoumeur , Etienne Malachanne , Jourdan Franck , Belaghit Abdel Hakem , Gasmi Abdelkader
Published: November 2019

Despite the widespread use of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty, there is still a problem of conflict between the polyethylene cup of the prosthesis and the scapula, which over time causes the phenomenon of notching. In order to circumvent this problem correctly, several innovations have been proposed regard to the implementation method. In this context, the aim of this work is to study the biomechanical behavior of new implantation methods using different glenoid configurations in order to avoid the notching phenomenon between the cup and the scapula. The study was performed using virtual prototypes of the shoulder prosthesis assembly. Using CT scan images, three-dimensional models of shoulder bones were reconstructed. The implantation of the prosthesis in the three-dimensional model was performed in collaboration with an experienced surgeon from the Caduceus Clinic (Oran, Algeria). The numerical models were imported to finite element calculation software. After the validation of the numerical model using the literature results, we assessed the biomechanical behavior of four implantation methods under the same boundary conditions and abduction movements. From the obtained results, it was found that among the proposed methods, the BIO-SR lateralization method offers significant biomechanical advantages in terms of the forces applied to the glenoid during the abduction movement.
Development of Novel Poly (ɛ-Caprolactone)/ Fluorine Substituted Hydroxyapatite Bilayer Coated 316L Ss for In Vitro Corrosion Protection
Authors: Prem Ananth Karuppasamy
Published: November 2019

A novel biocompatible fluorine substituted hydroxyapatite (F-HAp) / poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) bilayer coating on 316L SS with superior adhesion strength and admirable corrosion protection properties. PCL slurry was coated on 316L SS as a first layer using dip coating method followed by F-HAp coating as the second layer using electrodeposition method. The structural and functional group analysis of bilayer coatings were characterized by different analytical technique. Also, the mechanical properties of the bilayer coating showed higher adhesion strength than HAp and F-HAp coatings on 316L SS. The potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results indicated that the admirable corrosion protection nature. The in vitro bioactivity test for coated 316L SS substrate was carried out by soaking it in the SBF solution, the induced apatite formation confirming the improved bioactivity of the specimen. Further, dissolution of metal ions was considerably reduced which was confirmed by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The in vitro cell–material interaction of the bilayer coating was studied with human osteosarcoma MG63 cells for cell viability at 3, 7, 14 and 21 days of incubation and good biocompatibility was observed. The obtained results show that the F-HAp/PCL bilayer coating provides effective corrosion protection and enhanced bioactivity.
Optimization of Cutting Conditions for Turning of Ductile Materials to Achieve Favourable Ship Form
Authors: Mikhailov Stanislav V. , Kovelenov Nikolay Y. , Danilov Sergey N.
Published: November 2019

A technique and supporting software were designed to select optimal conditions for turning of ductile materials. Selection of optimal cutting parameters is based on a number of process requirements, including achieving the favourable chip form.
The Study of the Influence of Ultrasonic Vibrations on Structural Changes of Steel
Authors: Korolev Albert V. , Balayev Andrei F. , Vasin Alexei N.
Published: November 2019

The paper describes a cause of the geometric accuracy degradation of slender metallic products during their operation, which consists in the relaxation of residual stresses accumulated while product manufacturing. The most promising technology among the existing technologies of residual stress relaxation is based on the use of vibromechanical vibrations. This technology has high performance and low energy consumption. The reason for the relaxation of residual stresses under the action of vibromechanical vibrations is the gradual accumulation of internal energy, which leads to plastic dislocation shifts upon reaching a critical level. The dislocation motion under the action of vibromechanical vibrations continues until the dislocations take a more compact layout that corresponds to the equilibrium energy state. For technological implementation of the process there was developed a method of ultrasonic stabilization of elastic plates, which serve as sensing elements in differential-pressure transducers. The experimental studies of ultrasonic stabilization are carried out. According to the results of the studies, there have been conducted tests of the microstructure of the control samples. It is established that the samples of steel 20CH13 subject to ultrasonic treatment have a more uniform structure than the samples after the factory technology of long "aging". This confirms the assumption about the structural-energy processes occurring during vibromechanical relaxation of residual stresses. The technology of ultrasonic stabilization can be recommended as a replacement to the "aging" technology on the basis of the obtained results.
Inspecting the Quality of a Surface Layer in Non-Rigid Shafts Turning by Adaptive Control over the Process of Cutting
Authors: Chigirinskiy Juliy L. , Nesterenko Pavel S. , Smirnova Elena N.
Published: November 2019

A schematic structure of the adaptive control system is presented, the application of which will ensure the consistency of the quality of the surface layer of surfaces obtained by turning non-rigid parts. Refined mathematical models which describe patterns forming the radial component of the cutting forces and roughness of finish turning of steel 18NiCrMo5 are developed, thus forming the basis of a control algorithm of the presented adaptive control system.
Investigation of the Influence of the Deformation Rate on the Structure of the Blank at the Upsetting
Authors: Serezhkin Mikhail A. , Zadorozhniy Roman N. , Kalinin Arseniy S. , Minyazeva Luiza K.
Published: November 2019

In order to verify the new theory of adhesing the upsetting process of cylindrical specimens of steel 3 with different value of heat removal from their surfaces are considered in the article. Form of the specimens after upsetting and their structure after upsetting in the central and peripheral parts are described.
The Modeling of Combined Stress State of the Drilling Bit Body during the Selective Press Fitting of Picks in it
Authors: Polezhaev Nikolay V. , Khoroshevskiy Maksim D. , Kristal Mark G. , Preis Vladimir V.
Published: November 2019

A new mathematical model is proposed where breaking down of exploited drilling bits is considered to be a consequence of an unbalanced spreading of charges in drilling bit body, which is caused by the difference in interference values of obstruction in each pair “body-pick”. Fulfilled modeling allow to make a definition of complicated stress-deformed state of the drilling collet’ body with different number of teeth and different combinations of hole sizes and sizes of teeth using different materials for further production.
Physical Principles for Forming the Microgeometry of the Surface Layer in the Steel Edge Cutting Machining
Authors: Sergeev Alexander S. , Tikhonova Zhanna S. , Uvarova Tatiana V.
Published: November 2019

The article presents physical regularities for the formation of the surface layer microgeometry of the parts while edge cutting machining of steels from the standpoint of the metal temperature strength and the dislocation-energy concept of the metals failure in the process of cutting. It is proposed to employ an approach that contemplates the use of the informative ability of the thermo-emf signal as an integrated index for the thermophysical properties of a workpiece and a tool in mathematical relations as per roughness parameter calculation.
The Quality of a Surface Received by Processing the End of a Large Diameter Pipe with the Use of a Single-Row Cylindrical Brush
Authors: Bannikov Alexander I. , Alekseychuk Vasilisa I. , Makarova Olga A. , Dyatlov Nikolay A.
Published: November 2019

In this article we study the received quality of a welded large-diameter pipe after the processing by a single-row cylindrical brush. The speed of the brush influences the roughness of the pipe surface.
miR-183-96-182 Cluster Is Involved in Invariant NKT Cell Development, Maturation, and Effector Function
Authors: Wang Jie , Li Guihua , Wu Xiaojun , Liu Queping , Yin Congcong , Brown Stephen L. , Xu Shunbin , Mi Qing-Sheng , Zhou Li
Published: November 2019

The development, differentiation and function of invariant NKT (iNKT) cells require a well-defined set of transcription factors, but how these factors are integrated to each other and the detailed signaling networks remain poorly understood. Using a Dicer-deletion mouse model, our previous studies have demonstrated the critical involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs) in iNKT cell development and function, but the role played by individual miRNAs in iNKT cell development and function is still not clear. In this study, we show the dynamic changes of miRNA 183 cluster (miR-183C) expression during iNKT cell development. Mice with miR-183C deletion showed a defective iNKT cell development, sublineage differentiation, and cytokine secretion function. miRNA target identification assays indicate the involvement of multiple target molecules. Our study not only confirmed the role of miR-183C in iNKT cell development and function but also demonstrated that miR-183C achieved the regulation of iNKT cells through integrated targeting of multiple signaling molecules and pathways.
Smart Panel System using Internet of Things
Authors: Artono Budi , Asyik Hidayatullah Nur , Winarno Basuki
Published: November 2019

Technological developments that require humans to constantly innovate, utilize electricity in the community, assist the public about the dangers that exist. Electrical energy becomes very dangerous if the user process is not equipped with a good protection system. Conventional overload protection devices, such as MCB, can cut off electricity only from load points and cannot cut selective loads. Today's internet technology can be used not only for communication between individuals but also for communication between objects. By using the internet, devices can send data to each other and send requests to other devices. The Internet-based Smart Panel Is designed to protect components, and monitor the remote use of electrical energy and control equipments via a smartphone. This tool uses NODEMCU and ESP12 for wireless communication. The PZEM004T sensor module is used as a current load reader.
Further Delineation of Speckled Lentiginous Nevus Syndrome
Authors: Al Ageeli Essam I.
Published: November 2019

Speckled lentiginous nevus syndrome is a recently described condition, characterized by unilateral neurocutaneous manifestations consisting of: speckled lentiginous nevus, hyperhidrosis, muscular weakness and dysesthesia. Skeletal anomalies such as scoliosis, limb asymmetry, and psychiatric manifestations have been also reported. Herein, we report a case of speckled lentiginous nevus syndrome with skeletal anomalies and a pseudo-marfanoid phenotype.
Non-Syndromic Orofacial Cleft Malformations in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Moshref Sabah S. , Jamal Yasir S. , Fakiha Mahmoud , Awan Basim A. , Alsiny Fayza , Alzhrani Fatma , Ammar Hossam , Bamashmos Abdullah , Baamer Abeer
Published: November 2019

This retrospective, hospital based study aims to investigate demographic and clinical characteristics of pediatric patients with orofacial cleft in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia from 2005 to 2015. Hospital surgical records from three main sources, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Bagedo and Dr. Erfan Hospital and Dr. Soliman Fakeeh Hospital were used to identify all consecutive surgical cases with orofacial cleft referred to these hospitals. Information about age, sex, cleft types, site, maternal risk factors, associated pediatrics problems and treatment were recorded. The most common type was cleft lip and palate (40.15%), then isolated cleft palate (35.61%) and isolated cleft lip (24.24%). Maternal risk factor was mostly smoking (4.55%); pediatrics complication was mostly speech abnormalities and dental problems (75.00%); post-operative complication was mostly speech abnormalities (72.54%). Our study reveals that epidemiologic aspects of orofacial cleft in Jeddah are very similar to other Caucasian populations with a predominance of cleft lip, unilateral left side. Routine screening such as chest x-ray and ruling out hearing and speech problems as well as genetic counseling and karyotyping may be necessary in these patients. Better understanding of demographic and clinical characteristics may help guide clinical care as well as contribute to an improved understanding of pathogenesis.
Characteristics of Emergency Department Visits at King Abdulaziz University Hospital: A One Year Analysis
Authors: Abualenain Jameel T.
Published: November 2019

This study seeks to report the frequencies of the Emergency Department visits at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, as well as an analysis of its operational parameters. This is a retrospective analysis of all emergency visits over one year. In 2017, 69,522 patients were triaged, 62.55% adults, 20.12% pediatrics, and 17.33% OB/GYN. Ineligible patients (lower acuity stable non-Saudi patients who hold health insurance through their sponsors) were 12.84% of triaged patients, they were advised to go to another hospital. Females were 57.11%, and 40.92% were between 24 and 43 years, 18.49% younger than 14 years, and 9.22% older than 64 years. Saudi patients were 64.76%. Only 0.40% arrived by ambulance. Full management was provided for 73.83% of registered patients, whereas 26.17% left the waiting room after triage and initial evaluation by a physician without being treated due to bed unavailability; 97.22% were lower acuity and stable. Admission rates were 23.44%. The overall emergency department mortality rate was 0.52%, and death on arrival rate was 0.25%. Most registered patients (86.18%) were lower acuity and stable. All cases in which the patient needed resuscitation were treated immediately. Emergency department use by patients with low acuity conditions that are potentially treatable in other settings must be addressed.
Anti-Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide and Rheumatoid Factor (Prevalence and Association) in Saudi Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
Authors: Safi Mohammad-Ayman A. , Houssien Dhiya T.
Published: November 2019

To assess the prevalence and association of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptides and rheumatoid factor in Saudi rheumatoid arthritis patients.Over three years (February 2011 - February 2014). Demographic and clinical features, drugs, rheumatoid factor-positivity, and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptides-positivity were recorded for 205 Saudi rheumatoid arthritis patients (185 females; mean age was 45 years and mean disease duration was 5 years). Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptides and rheumatoid factor were assessed in serum. Disease activity scores for 28 joints was used. There were 36% rheumatoid factor+ve and 45% anti-cyclic citrullinated peptides+ve. 21.5% of the rheumatoid factor-ve subjects were anti-cyclic citrullinated peptides+ve. 13.3% of the rheumatoid factor positive patients were anti-cyclic citrullinated peptides-ve and 86.7% were anti-cyclic citrullinated peptides+ve. Significant association (P < 0.05) of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptides-positivity and rheumatoid factor-positivity with each other, and with gender, use of disease–modifying antirheumatic drugs, hydroxychloroquine and methotrexate. No direct impact of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptides status on the disease activity scores for 28 joints or its constituents (P > 0.5); nevertheless, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptides positive patients appear to represent a greater need for combination disease modifying drugs.
Stercoral Perforation of the Rectum:
Authors: Abbas Mohammad M. , Abdulrahman Aisha M. , Akeel Nouf Y. , Manouri Majid M.
Published: November 2019

Stercoral perforation of the rectum is a rare disease. It is a potentially fatal complication of untreated chronic constipation. Presenting symptoms and signs are variable according to the site of the perforation. A 60-year-old male patient presented to the emergency room with dizziness and decreased level of consciousness. He was admitted for management under care of medical team as a case of urosepsis. Two days after admission he developed picture of Fournier gangrene. The underlying cause was found to be rectal perforation. Stercoral perforation is an emergency that can be missed if not highly suspected. We present a case of stercoral rectal perforation with picture of urosepsis and Fournier gangrene as presenting symptoms. Stercoral perforation is a potentially fatal disease with unspecific presentations that need to be highly suspected in patients with chronic constipation and severe sepsis.
Vacuum Excavation and Sewer Cleaning Equipment Classification and Nomenclature
Authors:   MTC9, Trenching and Horizontal Earthboring Machines
Published: November 2019

This document lists common terminology for vacuum excavation and sewer cleaning equipment, including component names and specific work completed by these machines. This document also illustrates some common types of equipment.
Long non-coding RNA H19 regulates proliferation of ovarian granulosa cells via STAT3 in polycystic ovarian syndrome
Authors: Li Li , Wei Jianxun , Hei Jiangrong , Ren Yongbian , Li Hongmei
Published: November 2019

Introduction

Studies have shown that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) are aberrantly expressed in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) ovaries and may have a role in PCOS development. In this study, the role and therapeutic implications of lncRNA H19 were investigated in PCOS ovaries and granulosa cells.

Material and methods

qRT-PCR was used for expression analysis. Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK-8) assay was used for cell viability and acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) and Annexin V/propidium iodide staining was used to detect apoptosis. All transfections were carried out with Lipofectamine 2000 reagent. Western blot analysis was used for protein expression analysis.

Results

The expression of lncRNA H19 was remarkably upregulated in the PCOS ovarian tissues as well as the granulosa cells. Suppression of lncRNA H19 expression caused the inhibition of KGN granulosa cell proliferation due to the triggering of apoptosis. Bioinformatic analysis revealed the presence of the GAS binding site for STAT3 in the promoter of lncRNA H19. Silencing of STAT3 suppressed the expression of lncRNA H19 in KGN cells and also halted their growth by triggering apoptosis. Co-transfect experiments revealed that STAT3 and lncRNA H19 silencing cause inhibition of KGN growth synergistically.

Conclusions

lncRNA H19 regulates the growth of ovarian granulosa cells and might prove to be a therapeutic target for management of PCOS.
MiR-520b inhibits proliferation, migration and invasion in gallbladder carcinoma by targeting RAB22A
Authors: Zhou Jianpeng , Gao Feng , Zhang Hua , Xing Mingxuan , Xu Zining , Zhang Ruoyan
Published: November 2019

Introduction

Previous studies have reported that miR-520b exhibited inhibitory effects on various human tumors, whereas the effects of miR-520b on gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) have remained unclear. To investigate the effects of miR-520b on GBC progression and reveal the underlying mechanisms, this study was performed.

Material and methods

MiR-520b and RAB22A mRNA levels were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). RAB22A protein level was analyzed via Western blot and immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis. The proliferation, colony formation ability, migration and invasion of NOZ cells were measured via MTT, colony formation, wound healing and transwell invasion assay respectively.

Results

MiR-520b expression level was lower in human GBC tissues than that in neighboring normal tissues. MiR-520b mimic repressed NOZ cell proliferation, colony formation ability, migration and invasion, whereas miR-520b inhibitor exhibited opposite effects. Dual luciferase reporter assay confirmed that miR-520b could bind to the 3-untranslated regions of RAB22A mRNA. Moreover, RAB22A overexpression significantly abolished the anti-tumor effects of miR-520b in a NOZ cell model. Western blot, qPCR and IHC analysis proved that human GBC tissues showed a higher RAB22A expression level than neighboring normal tissues. Additionally, there was a negative association between miR-520b and RAB22A expression.

Conclusions

MiR-520b had suppressive effects on GBC via targeting RAB22A in vitro.
Amarogentin promotes osteoblast differentiation in oestrogen-deficiency-induced osteoporosis rats by modulating the Nrf-2/MAPK/ERK signalling pathway
Authors: Li Sirui , Li Xianlong , He Feng , Jiao Rui , Zhang Song , Li Zhihua
Published: November 2019

Introduction

The beneficial effect of amarogentin in the management of osteoporosis was determined using in vivo and in vitro methods.

Material and methods

Experimental osteoporosis was induced in rats via bilateral ovariectomy. Rats were then treated for 5 weeks with amarogentin (50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.). The levels of several biochemical markers of bone resorption and formation as well as bone mineral density (BMD) were measured in the rat serum. Isolated rat bone tissues were analysed using western blot assays. In the in vitro study, MG63 human osteoblasts were treated with amarogentin (0–100 µg/ml), after which alkaline phosphatase activity and osteoblast proliferation were evaluated. Osteoblasts treated with amarogentin and inhibitors of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) were further examined via western blotting.

Results

In the rat model of oestrogen-deficiency-induced osteoporosis, BMD was significantly enhanced (p < 0.01) and levels of inflammatory cytokines were reduced in amarogentin-treated animals vs. the controls. Amarogentin treatment also attenuated the altered levels of osteocalcin, C-telopeptide of type 1 collagen, procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide, and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, and the altered expression of Akt, Nrf-2, ERK, and nuclear factor-B p65 in the serum of rats with osteoporosis. In the in vitro study, amarogentin treatment enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity and osteoblast proliferation compared to the non-treated control. Amarogentin treatment alone enhanced the expression of p-ERK compared to treatment with an amarogentin + ERK inhibitor.

Conclusions

Both the in vivo and the in vitro studies demonstrated the protective effect of amarogentin against oestrogen-deficiency-induced osteoporosis in rats. The mechanism seems to involve the amarogentin-mediated enhancement of osteoblast differentiation via the Nrf-2/MAPK/ERK signalling pathway.
miR-372-3p is a potential diagnostic factor for diabetic nephropathy and modulates high glucose-induced glomerular endothelial cell dysfunction via targeting fibroblast growth factor-16
Authors: Meng Zhiyun , Li Fangyuan , Wang Bin
Published: November 2019

Introduction

Previous studies have reported that microRNAs are implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). In this study, the underlying molecular mechanisms and diagnostic significance of miR-372-3p were investigated in the process of DN.

Material and methods

Cell proliferation and apoptosis were measured using MTT and Annexin V-FITC double staining, respectively. RT-qPCR and western blotting were used to measure the expression levels of mRNA and protein. The diagnostic power of miR-372-3p in plasma for DN was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves and the area under the ROC curves (AUC).

Results

miR microarray analysis revealed that 126 miRs were significantly differentially expressed in response to high glucose stimulation. Among these miRs, high glucose stimulated miR-372-3p expression at the highest level. In vitro experimental measurements showed that knockdown of miR-372-3p showed the ability to reverse high glucose-induced glomerular endothelial cell apoptosis and impairment of eNOS/NO bioactivity. Mechanistic analysis revealed that fibroblast growth factor-16 (FGF-16) as a direct of miR-372-3p protected against high glucose-induced glomerular endothelial cell dysfunction. ROC analysis revealed that the diagnostic value of miR-372-3p, miR-15a or miR-372-3p combined with miR-15a in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (AUC = 0.841, p < 0.001; AUC = 0.822, p < 0.001 or AUC = 0.922, p < 0.001) with DN was better than in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients (AUC = 0.805, p < 0.001; AUC = 0.722, p < 0.001 or AUC = 0.865, p < 0.001) with DN.

Conclusions

miR-372-3p might be a valuable therapeutic target and diagnostic marker for patients with DN.
Zinc finger of the cerebellum 5 promotes colorectal cancer cell proliferation and cell cycle progression through enhanced CDK1/CDC25c signaling
Authors: Maimaiti Abuduzhayier , Aizezi Abulaiti , Anniwaer Jianati , Ayitula Ayitula , Ali Buhajar , Dilixiati Mukadas
Published: November 2019

Introduction

Colorectal cancer (CRC), mostly caused by external or environmental factors, is the third most common and lethal cancer worldwide. Although a large number of investigations have been carried out to reveal the evolution of CRC, the underlying mechanisms of CRC remain unclear.

Material and methods

Expression of zinc finger of the cerebellum 5 (ZIC5) in CRC tissues and cell models was measured by qRT-PCR and IHC. Cell transfection was carried out for ZIC5 overexpression or knockdown. The MTT assay was applied to examine the capacity of glioma cell proliferation. Wound healing assay and tumor invasion assay were used to test the capacity of glioma cell migration and invasion respectively. Cell cycle analysis and western blot were used to verify the apoptosis rates of CRC cells upon ZIC5 overexpression or downregulation. A further tumor Xenograft study was used to examine the effects of ZIC5 on tumor malignancy in vivo.

Results

Cell models using HCT116 and SW620 cells were established to study the ZIC5 function upon ZIC5 overexpression of knockdown. Consistently, we discovered that ZIC5 also significantly increased in Chinese CRC patients. In addition, ZIC5 promoted CRC cell proliferation through increasing the proportion of cells maintained in the S phase. ZIC5 overexpression facilitated the capacity of CRC cell migration and invasion. Inhibition of ZIC5 mitigated such malignant effects.

Conclusions

Collectively, investigations of the ZIC5 in CRC provided a new insight into CRC diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and next-step translational therapeutic developments from bench to clinic.
An investigation of the relation between catalase
C262T gene polymorphism and catalase enzyme
activity in leukemia patients
Authors: Eras Nazan , Türkoz Gozde , Tombak Anil , Tiftik Naci , Yalin Serap , Berkoz Mehmet , Erden Sema , Akbas Etem
Published: November 2019

Introduction

Catalase (CAT), an antioxidant enzyme, catalyzes conversion of hydrogen peroxide to water and molecular oxygen, protecting cells against oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible association between CAT C262T polymorphism in the promoter region of the CAT gene and leukemia risk and to determine the relationship between CAT genotypes and CAT enzyme activities.

Material and methods

Genotypes of 102 cases and 112 healthy controls’ genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism methods. Catalase activity was measured with the method of Aebi.

Results

The frequencies of the T allele among the cases and controls were 28.4% and 25.9%, respectively (p = 0.75). The frequencies of CC, CT, and TT among cases were 57.8%, 27.4%, and 14.7%, respectively, while in controls, the frequencies of CC, CT, and TT were 54.4%, 39.3%, and 6.3%, respectively, which were not significantly different. Although CAT enzyme activity was lower in leukemia patients with TT genotypes than in controls, this did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.37).

Conclusions

This is the first report showing that CAT C262T polymorphism is not a genetic predisposing factor for the risk of leukemia in the Turkish population. However, additional research is needed to confirm these findings.
Clinical value of microRNA-19a-3p and microRNA-99a-5p in bladder cancer
Authors: Borkowska Edyta , Kutwin Piotr , Rolecka Dorota , Konecki Tomasz , Borowiec Maciej , Jabłonowski Zbigniew
Published: November 2019

Introduction

MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small (approximately 17 to 25 nucleotides in length), single stranded, non-coding RNAs that play an important role in the control of gene expression at the post-transcriptional stage, by inhibiting protein translation or promoting mRNA degradation. The main aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical utility of the tested markers (miRNAs 19a-3p and 99a-5p), which might be important in the diagnostics of non-invasive bladder cancer (BC).

Material and methods

The study involved a group of 60 patients suffering from BC (histopathologically confirmed), in which 20 patients were diagnosed with muscle invasive BC (INBC) and 40 patients with non-muscle invasive BC (NINBC). The control group consisted of 20 samples of normal urothelium, which did not show any cancerous changes during histopathological examination. We assessed the expression of microRNA, using real-time PCR and the miRCURY LNA Universal RT microRNA PCR Kit by Exiqon, Denmark.

Results

Reduced expression of both analyzed markers was observed in most cases: miR-19a-3p in 51.8% and miR-99a-5p in 65.5% (as follows Mann-Whitney U test p < 0.000001 and Student’s t test p = 0.034262). Moreover, miR-19a-3p in our tested group was useful to differentiate between low and high grade disease in non-invasive stages (t test p = 0.0315435). Furthermore, miR-19a-3p and miR-99a-5p were able to discriminate patients in low grade for groups with or without recurrence.

Conclusions

Our data indicated that miR-19a-3p and miR-99a-5p were significantly altered in bladder cancer samples and useful as diagnostic markers.
The role of innate lymphoid cells in selected disease states – cancer formation, metabolic disorder and inflammation
Authors: Poniewierska-Baran Agata , Tokarz-Deptuła Beata , Deptuła Wiesław
Published: November 2019

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a recently described group of immune cells that can regulate homeostasis and protect mammalian organisms, including humans, from infections and diseases. Considering this, ILC research is still ongoing to better understand the biology of these cells and their roles in the human body. ILCs are a multifunctional group of immune cells, making it important for the medical community to be familiar with the latest research about the ILC families and their functions in selected disease states, such as cancer formation, metabolic disorders and inflammation. By discovering the roles of ILC populations and their participation in many disorders, we can improve disease diagnostics and patient healthcare.
Potential regional air quality impacts of cannabis cultivation facilities in Denver, Colorado
Authors: Wang Chi-Tsan , Wiedinmyer Christine , Ashworth Kirsti , Harley Peter C. , Ortega John , Rasool Quazi Z. , Vizuete William
Published: November 2019

Abstract. The legal commercialization of cannabis for recreational and medical use has
effectively created a new and almost unregulated cultivation industry. In
2018, within the Denver County limits, there were more than 600 registered
cannabis cultivation facilities (CCFs) for recreational and medical use,
mostly housed in commercial warehouses. Measurements have found
concentrations of highly reactive terpenes from the headspace above cannabis
plants that, when released in the atmosphere, could impact air quality. Here
we developed the first emission inventory for cannabis emissions of
terpenes. The range of possible emissions from these facilities was 66–657 t yr−1 of terpenes across the state of Colorado; half of the
emissions are from Denver County. Our estimates are based on the best
available information and highlight the critical data gaps needed to reduce
uncertainties. These realizations of inventories were then used with a
regulatory air quality model, developed by the state of Colorado to predict
regional ozone impacts. It was found that most of the predicted changes
occur in the vicinity of CCFs concentrated in Denver. An increase of 362 t yr−1 in terpene emissions in Denver County resulted in increases
of up to 0.34 ppb in hourly ozone concentrations during the morning and 0.67 ppb at night. Model predictions indicate that in Denver County every 1000 t yr−1 increase in terpenes results in 1 ppb increase in daytime
hourly ozone concentrations and a maximum daily 8 h average (MDA8)
increase of 0.3 ppb. The emission inventories developed here are highly
uncertain, but highlight the need for more detailed cannabis and CCF data
to fully understand the possible impacts of this new industry on regional
air quality.
Cloud Phase Characteristics Over Southeast Asia from A-Train Satellite Observations
Authors: Hong Yulan , Di Girolamo Larry
Published: November 2019

Abstract. This study examines the climatological characteristics of cloud phase over Southeast Asia (SEA) based on A-Train satellite observations. Using the combined CloudSat-CALIPSO (CC) data, five main cloud groups are investigated: ice-only, ice-above-liquid, liquid-only, ice-above-mixed and mixed-only clouds that have annual mean frequencies of 27.8 %, 21.9 %, 16.9 %, 7.4 % and 6.2 %, respectively. Liquid-only clouds tend to occur in relatively cold, dry and stable environments. The other four cloud groups appear more frequently in relatively warm, humid and unstable conditions and their seasonal distributions move with large-scale climate systems: Asian monsoon and ITCZ. Liquid clouds are found to be highly inhomogeneous based on the heterogeneity index (Hσ) from Aqua MODIS, while ice-only and mixed-only clouds are often very smooth. Ice-above-liquid clouds are less inhomogeneous than liquid-only clouds due to the thin overlying ice clouds. Undetected subpixel liquid clouds enlarge clear sky Hσ, leading to some inhomogeneous clear sky pixels, which otherwise should be smooth. The reflectance at 0.645 (R0.645) and brightness temperature at 11 μm (BT11) of ice-only, liquid-only and ice-above-liquid clouds show peak frequencies near that of clear sky (R0.645 ~ 0.02, BT11 ~ 294 K), implying that a large population of thin or subpixel clouds over SEA are difficult to see by MODIS. The CC data also show abundant thin clouds over SEA, which indicates 78.3 % ice-only and 89.6 % ice-above-liquid clouds with ice τ
Neural network for aerosol retrieval from hyperspectral imagery
Authors: Mauceri Steffen , Kindel Bruce , Massie Steven , Pilewskie Peter
Published: November 2019

Abstract. We retrieve aerosol optical thickness (AOT) independently
for brown carbon, dust and sulfate from hyperspectral image data. The
model, a neural network, is trained on atmospheric radiative transfer
calculations from MODTRAN 6.0 with varying aerosol concentration and type,
surface albedo, water vapor, and viewing geometries. From a set of test
radiative transfer calculations, we are able to retrieve AOT with a standard
error of better than ±0.05. No a priori information on the surface
albedo or atmospheric state is necessary for our model. We apply the model
to AVIRIS-NG imagery from a recent campaign over India and demonstrate its
performance under high and low aerosol loadings and different aerosol types.
Global CO2 emissions from cement production, 1928–2018
Authors: Andrew Robbie M.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Global production of cement has grown very rapidly in
recent years, and, after fossil fuels and land-use change, it is the
third-largest source of anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide. The
availability of the required data for estimating emissions from global
cement production is poor, and it has been recognised that some global
estimates are significantly inflated. This article assembles a large variety
of available datasets, prioritising official data and emission factors,
including estimates submitted to the UN Framework
Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), plus new estimates for China and
India, to present a new analysis of global process emissions from cement
production. Global process emissions in 2018 were 1.50±0.12 Gt CO2, equivalent to about 4 % of emissions from fossil fuels.
Cumulative emissions from 1928 to 2018 were 38.3±2.4 Gt CO2,
71 % of which have occurred since 1990. The data associated with this
article can be found at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.831454
(Andrew, 2019).
Continuous In Situ Measurement of Dissolved Methane in Lake Kivu Using a Membrane Inlet Laser Spectrometer
Authors: Grilli Roberto , Darchambeau François , Chappellaz Jérôme , Mugisha Ange , Triest Jack , Umutoni Augusta
Published: November 2019

Abstract. We report the first high resolution continuous profile of dissolved methane in the shallow water of Lake Kivu, Rwanda. The measurements were performed using an in situ dissolved gas sensor, called Sub-Ocean, based on a patented, membrane based extraction technique coupled with a highly sensitive optical spectrometer. The sensor was originally designed for ocean settings, but both the spectrometer and the extraction system were modified to extend the dynamical range up to six orders of magnitude with respect to the original prototype (from nmol L−1 to mmol L−1 detection) to fit the range of concentrations at lake Kivu. The accuracy of the instrument was estimated to ±22 % (2 s) from the standard deviation of eight profiles at 80 m of depth, corresponding to ±112 μBar of CH4 in water or ±160 nmol L−1 at 25 °C and 1 atm. The instrument was able to continuously measure the top 150 m of water depth within only 25 min. The maximum observed mixing ratio of CH4 in the gas phase concentration was 77 % at 150 m depth, which at this depth and thermal condition of the lake corresponds to 3.5 mmol L−1. At deeper depth, dissolved CH4 concentrations were too large for the methane absorption spectrum to be correctly retrieved. Results were in good agreement with discrete in situ measurements conducted with the commercial HydroC sensor. The fast profiling feature will be highly profitable for future monitoring of the lake, while the spectrometer could be replaced with a less sensitive analytical technique possibly including simultaneous detection of dissolved CO2 and which would allow to measure at higher concentrations of CH4.