bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Major Ionic Composition of Precipitation in the Shigatse Region, Southern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Yang Yong Jie , Liu Jun Qing , Di Yi An , Yang Jun , Wen Tian Xue , Li Yu Wu , Shi Yun Qiang
Published: October 2011

Abstract. In order to investigate the chemical characteristics of precipitation on Tibetan Plateau, a total of 34 precipitation samples have been collected from individual precipitation events at the Shigatse Meteorological Station located in the south Tibetan Plateau in 2008. All samples were analyzed for major cations (NH4+, Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+) and anions (Cl−, NO3− and SO42−), conductivity and pH. The result showed that precipitation pH values ranged from 6.79 to 9.21 with an average value of 7.86. HCO3− and Ca2+ were the major ions detected in the samples, occupied 39% and 35% of the total ion mass, 80% of the total anion mass and 69% of the total cations mass, respectively. Factor analysis indicated that regional crustal dust, lake salt and local combustion products of residents were the main sources of the ionic compositions of precipitation of Shigatse region. Trajectory cluster analysis indicated that 97.1% of the air masses reaching Shigatse originated from the south, which passed through some pollution regions, as southeast Indian, Bangladesh.
Influence Factors of Permeability during Heap Leaching of Complex Copper Oxide Ore
Authors: Wu Ai Xiang , Yao Gao Hui , Huang Ming Qing
Published: October 2011

In order to explore the influence factors of permeability during heap leaching of Yangla copper ore in China, falling head permeability test was applied to draw a comparison between the permeability of various samples, and then permeability evolutionary law of the sample ore from leaching heap was analyzed under different ore size or compaction degree. Finally, acid leaching experiments was carried out to reveal the influential mechanism of heap blockage on its permeability. The data show that the permeability coefficient of washed ore is 12.7 times than that of raw ore; permeability coefficient with the compaction degree 38.3% is only 3.78% of that in natural state; Chemical blockage brings about a fall of permeability coefficient by 93.5%, and earlier physical blockage leads to the decrease of it by 43.2%. Results show that much argillaceous fine particles in ore heap with high mud content can result in decreased permeability coefficient; and permeability coefficient of the samples decreases significantly with increased compaction degree. In addition, chemical blockage is the main reason for penetration deterioration.
Preparation and Photoelectric Properties of Magnetically Doped TiO2 Nanotube Arrays
Authors: Lin Yue Bin , Zhou Guang Hong , Zhu Yu Fu , Liu Ai Hui
Published: October 2011

The magnetically doped TiO2 nanotube arrays were prepared in 0.25% (mass fraction) NH4F/glycerol including a certain amount of Fe3O4 nanoparticles using the method of anodic oxidation of a pure titanium sheet at a constant potential. The obtained nanotubes film were characterized by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and Photoelectric Performance Test. Neat and orderly TiO2 nanotube arrays with Fe3O4 distuibuted evenly have been synthesized using the electrolyte doping method (add 0.1mol/L of the prepared Fe3O4 in the electrolyte). Photoelectric conversion efficiency of Fe3O4 doped TiO2 nanotubes is higer than that of pure TiO2 nanotubes.
Research on the Influence of Urban Environment to Resident Health and the Path of Intervention
Authors: Wang Dong Zhou
Published: October 2011

In the process of rapid urbanization building, the natural environment pollution threat to the health of residents; on the other hands, the limit living spaces constraints the residents physical activities. Environmental degradation is rooted in the city's extensive development, the powerless regulation of environmental and the weak awareness of environmental. Response to environmental degradation on health effects, we have three active intervention paths: promote the health of urban construction, building green, livable living environment, promote healthy lifestyles.
Second Law Analysis of an Organic Rankine Cycle Driven by Solar
Authors: Song Jian Zhong , Zhang Xiao Song
Published: October 2011

In this paper, a thermal power system utilizing low-grade solar energy was proposed and analyzed. It can efficiently use the heat collected by the collector to provide electricity and also can provide some heat energy to satisfy the demand of heat. The system bases on the organic Rankine cycle. The evaporator employed in the system makes the organic working fluid turn to vapour phase at a high pressure level. Also a screw expander is employed in the system to conversion the heat energy to mechanical work. For the proposed system, a working condition was set and the performance of the system was calculated. When the temperature of the heat source is 95°C and the expander inlet pressure is 0.8MPa, the first law heat efficiency is 7.25% and the system exergetic efficiency is 10.14% for the system.
Research on Wire-Electro Discharge Machining of SiC Particle Reinforced Cu Matrix Composite
Authors: Li Jian Gang , Wang Jin
Published: October 2011

The law of peak current, pulse width and working voltage parameter etc which influencing on wire-electro discharge machining (WEDM) cutting speed and surface roughness of the SiC particle reinforced Cu matrix composite in the WEDM machining were studied; the machined surface of Cu matrix composite was analyzed by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM); SiC Particle reinforced Cu matrix composite microstructure was analyzed by means of metallographic microscope. The results show that the first factors are peak current and pulse width, the second is working voltage. While pulse interval has reached a certain degree, pulse interval has slightly influence on surface roughness. If peak current is higher and pulse width is narrower, the wire electric discharging machining is ideal for matrix composite.
General Equilibrium Analysis of the Effects of Technological Progress for Energy Intensity and Carbon Dioxide Emissions in China
Authors: Li Ai Jun , Li Zheng
Published: October 2011

This study analyzes the effects of technological progress for energy intensity and energy use related carbon dioxide emissions during urbanization in China by a dynamic computable general equilibrium model. The parameters about technological progress and urbanization are all exogenously given. The impacts of technological progress on economic growth, energy intensity and carbon dioxide emissions during period from 2002 to 2030 are examined. Simulation results show that gradually pushing energy efficiency related technologies through appropriate policy incentives is the key to realize low-carbonized development while promoting economic growth in China.
Mechanism of the Improved Cemetitious Activity in Co-Calcined Red Mud
Authors: Zhang Ji Xiu , Sun Heng Hu , Niu Xue Lian
Published: October 2011

In order to improve the cementitious activity of red mud, materials that can be easily depolymerized were added to it before co-calcination. Results from standard mechanical tests of mortars show that the cementitious activity of co-calcined red mud is significantly higher than that of the simple calcined red mud. For studying the mechanism responsible for this improved cementitious activity, analysis tools such as XRD, IR and NMR were used. XRD analysis reveals no obvious phase transitions during co-calcination. However, with IR and NMR analysis, it was found that the anti-symmetric Si-O absorption band broadened, while the NMR peaks of 29Si and 27Al not only became broader and more jagged, but also shifted in location. These results indicate a decrease in polymerization of the polyhedral Si-O in co-calcined red mud due to the process of co-calcination. Moreover, a significant increase in the dissolved quantities of SiO2 and Al2O3 in NaOH solution for co-calcined red mud is observed, which explains the increase in its cementitious activity.
Recycling Lanolin from Tannery Wastewater by Mixed Flocculation and Extraction Processing
Authors: Zhou Jian Mei
Published: October 2011

Using mixed flocculation and extraction method to recover the lanolin from Tannery Wastewater, and studied the process research. The result indicated that the recovery rate of lanolin can reached 92% by using aluminium sulfate (AS) and the polyacrylamide (PAM) mixed flocculation, hexane and cyclohexane mixed extraction. Comparing the main indexes and the infrared spectra of recycling lanolin with the industry level lanolin, the results indicated the main indexes of the recycling lanolin achieved the industry level standard, and both similar spectrogram showed the component and the structure of recycling lanolin are almost similar with industry level lanolin. Therefore the method used to deal with tannery wastewater recycling lanolin is practicable and effective.
Study and Application of APS in Ultra Supercritical Unit
Authors: Chen Shi He
Published: October 2011

The automatic plant startup and shutdown control system (APS) of ultra supercritical unit was studied and analyzed in this paper. According to the difficulties and features of APS design, complete architecture structure and hierarchical control method of APS system were proposed. The interface software between APS and modulation control system (MCS) was developed. The whole process control strategies of feed water system, fuel system, air-flue gas system, bypass system and deaerator water level system were optimized. These strategies realized the whole process control of fuel, feed water and induced & draft fan. The special control strategies of main steam temperature, boiler dry-wet state transition and hot cleaning were also proposed in this paper. It first realized the automatic startup and shutdown of ultra supercritical unit in China.
Study on Magnesium Metal Preparing by Serpentine Carbon-Thermal Reduction Reaction
Authors: Zhong Shao Yan , Jiang Mao Fa , Xu Hai Tao
Published: October 2011

Metallic magnesium is prepared with serpentine breeze in vacuum induction furnace by adding calcium fluoride. In the furnace, the vacuum degree should be controlled at 500Pa, while the temperature needs to be heated to 700°C and keep the temperature for 60min in order to dewater the crystal water; And then continue to rise the temperature to 1500°C and keep the temperature for 60min which can deoxidize the element Fe and Ni in the serpentine breeze to metallic iron and metallic nickel, while metallic magnesium become vapor magnesium and then crystal to metallic magnesium at the condenser. Metallic iron and nickel in the furnace slag can be recovered through magnetic concentration and the furnace slag after magnetic concentration can be inverted to silicon carbide through carbothermic method.
Production of L-Lactic Acid from Corn Starch Hydrolysate by Immobilized Rhizopus oryzae on a New Asterisk-Shaped Matrix
Authors: Chen Xin , Zhang Bing Bing , Wang Yuan Liang , Luo Yan Feng , Wang Run Guang , Ren Hui Qing , Xu Hong Ji
Published: October 2011

A new asterisk-shaped matrix composed of stainless-steel mesh and cotton cloth was emloyed for immobilizing Rhizopus oryzae As3.3462 cells. The ability of the immobilized cells to produce L-lactic acid was evaluated by using corn starch hydrolysate as carbon sources. The cells were attached onto the matrix with nearly 100% efficiency within 5 h and demonstrated asterisk mycelia morphology rather than a pellet-like cake as exhibited by the free-cells. Consequently, the immobilization fermentation resulted in higher L-lactic acid concentration (82.79 g.L-1 vs 48.23 g.L-1) within a shorter time (60 h vs 72 h) than the free fermentation. In addition, the stability of the immobilized cells for a long-term fermentation was investigated in 8 consecutive fermentation batches for 30 days. The maximum variation of L-lactic acid concentration among these batches was less than 10%. These results imply that the proposed asterisk matrix is good for Rhizopus oryzae immobilization and provids a simple and feasible fermentation strategy for L-lactic acid production.
A New Fault Current Limiter and its Application in Micro-Grid
Authors: Fan Yuan Yuan , Sang Ying Jun
Published: October 2011

In this paper, a new type fault current limiter (FCL) topology is put forward for Micro-Grid (MG) system fault, which mainly consists of limiting inductance, bypass inductance and series compensation capacitors. The switching circuit is used to change circuit structure through the power diode bridge and FGCT, in the event of a fault the current limiting inductance is switched to limit short-circuit current. The topology has the advantages of switch quickly, simple control, and series compensation effect. Establishes a equivalent model of MG system with FCL, discusses the impact of FCL installation location to system short-circuit protection, and proposes the installation location program. Matlab is used for system modeling and simulation results show that the effect of the current limiter, which is installed on the outlet of the MG system power for three-phase short-circuit protection, is obvious, and has the function of inhibiting voltage sag.
The Shading Effects in Output Characteristics of Solar Modules
Authors: Wang Yong Qing , Han Ze Chi , Cai Ai Ling , Huang Pan Pan , Sun Rong Xia , Wang Shi Yuan , Yu Bo , Li Ya Kun
Published: October 2011

Firstly the paper introduces solar modules' internal structure and its equivalent circuit. According to different shading situation output characteristic of solar modules, the problem was analyzed by equivalent circuit. Through the actual shading test, the same type of solar modules in different shading mode solar module I-V characteristics and the influence of power were measured. Finally, the shading of effects the different types of solar modules was comparative analyzed. Research results can be used as the reference of solar modules installation location.
The Application of Infrared Image Technology in the Detection of Local Defects of Solar Cell Module
Authors: Wang Yong Qing , Zhang Peng Chao , Wang Shi Yuan , Xiong Jing Feng , Cai Ai Ling , Huang Pan Pan , Sun Rong Xia
Published: October 2011

If there are local defects in the solar cell module, the output efficiency of the module will decrease. This article introduces the detection of local defect of solar cell module based on the infrared image technology. It finally establishes an image library which contains some infrared images of seven kinds of defects and a basic standard which can judge the quality of the module. The reasons of some defects are listed in the article. The unqualified rate will greatly decrease for the technique. The research is helpful to eliminate the module that contains recessive defects. The life of the modules also will be extended.
The Research on Relationship of Load Rate and Outdoor Temperature for Air-Cooled Unit
Authors: Gao Li Ying , Li Rui
Published: October 2011

In the paper, based on the current understanding of the IPLV principle and method of calculation, select occurrence temperature during the cooling season in five typical cities for further calculating the equation of IPLV, which exist quite differences with the current national standard IPLV formula. Moreover, the study of load rate for chillers will definitely closely relate to the climatic conditions in China.
Economic Analysis for Coastal Principal Function Selection: Case Study of Xiamen Bay
Authors: Cai Jing Shan , Chen Wei Qi
Published: October 2011

The coastal zone is a dense human activity area, and has been under the heavy pressure from large population centers and various human activities. The scarcity and the use conflicts of coastal resources have become increasingly prominent problems. Coastal principal function zoning is an effective approach to solving these problems, and a helpful way to optimize resources allocation and support sustainable development. Determining the principal function is a key step in coastal principal function zoning. In this paper we make an attempt to apply economic analysis to the principal function selection in the coastal area of Xiamen Bay. Based on the distribution and characteristics of coastal resources, and the opinion of local residents revealed by a questionnaire investigation, we set two scenarios as alternative principal functions, i.e. to develop coastal tourism as a priority or to fully develop commercial port transportation in the research area. The net benefits of Scenario 1 and 2 are calculated by the constructed formulas, and the results are 3.4×1010 RMB Yuan/a and 7.4×109 RMB Yuan/a, respectively. Based on the economic analysis, we propose that coastal tourism should be chosen as the principal function in the coastal area of Xiamen Bay.
A Polymer Gel Electrolyte Based on P(MMA-NVP) for Quasi-Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell
Authors: Dai Yu Hua , Sun Xiao Lei , Shi Qiu Fei , Yang Ming Shan
Published: October 2011

A series of copolymers P(MMA-NVP) composed of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and N-vinyl pyrrolidone (NVP) were prepared by a solution copolymerization technique. The copolymer could absorb and capture amount of liquid electrolyte within its chain networks structure to form quasi-solid-state electrolyte. The influences of synthesis conditions for copolymers, such as the content of NVP, the amount of initiator 2,2’-azobisisobutyronitrile(AIBN), and the amount of crosslinking agent triethylene glycol dimethacrylate(TEGDMA) on the ionic conductivity of quasi-solid electrolyte were investigated. The highest conductivity of the copolymer gel was 2.17mS/cm at 25°C. Based on the copolymer gel electrolyte, a dye-sensitized solar cell was fabricated with short-circuit current of 12.16mA/ cm2, open circuit voltage of 619mV, fill factor of 0.4633 and an overall conversion efficiency of 3.05 % under 100 mW/cm2 irradiation (AM1.5).
The Study of Magnetite Iron Ore Separation in Qinghai Province
Authors: Zheng Gui Shan , Ma Song Bo
Published: October 2011

Magnetite ore from Qinghai Province West China was studied. Quartz, silicate and olivine are mostly associated with magnetite in native as inclusions, and have micro-fine disseminated structure. Coarse grinding is done for energy saving, and then magnetic separation is processed. In order to meet the industry requirements of concentrate, flotation is processed to improve the grade. A stage grinding and stage flotation processing flowsheet is accomplished finally.
Theoretical Models of Reaction Mechanisms in Solid Anaerobic Digestion: A Review
Authors: Zhu Ji Ying , Li Wei , Shen Rui Xia
Published: October 2011

Compared with the traditional anaerobic digestion, solid anaerobic digestion (SAD) of organic solid wastes has many advantages. But lower moisture content of the substrate seriously impedes the transmission and diffusion of the intermediate products and microorganism cells, therefore affects reaction speed, gas production and stability of the process. Studies on the mechanisms of SAD are very difficult because of multiple steps of the reactions and complexity of the substrates, which restricted the development of SAD. In this paper, reaction mechanisms and kinetic models of SAD process were reviewed and the research perspectives in this field were discussed.
Synthesis and Application of Chelate Resins
Authors: Zhan Yong , Zhao Jing , Dong Bin
Published: October 2011

Chelating or complex resins especially the aminomethylene Phosphoric acid resin is one kind of the important ion-exchange resin being researched in recent years. Starting from the chelating resin composition, and according to the type of matrix, I overviewed the chelating resin-related dynamic of recent years.
Study on Separating Mixed Dichlorophenol by Cross-Current Dissociation Extraction
Authors: Zhu Jing Jing , Lin Jun , Huang Qun Qun
Published: October 2011

Based on the detailed analysis on the properties of each component in the system of dichlorophenol mixture in this paper, a new technique was proposed, which is used to extract 2,4- dichlorophenol through the method of cross-current dissociation extraction. The experimental results show that the quality content of 2,4- dichlorophenol can be refined to more than 98% with the yield reaching to 95% at a blow from raw material mixture after three grades of dissociation extraction. Compared with the traditional technique, the new method can bring about a comparatively simple processing step, meanwhile, the quality of products can be stable and the energy consumption can also be reduced.
The Finite Element Analysis of the Wind Turbines's Rotary Support
Authors: Hu Hong Liang , Wang Rui Jie , Meng Chun Ling , Li Guo Feng
Published: October 2011

Abstract. Combining characteristic of the Wind Tturbines's rotary support, using finite element method, the paper probe the rotary support finite element analysis of static and modal analysis. Through the static analysis of the rotary support, receiving the deformation and stress-strain results; through modal analysis,receiving the 6-order natural frequency and vibration shape.Analyzing of the main failure forms and Dynamic performance ,the results provide a theoretical basis of improvement of the design and to finalize the program.
Analysis of Conditional Parameters in the Hydraulic Impactor
Authors: Xu Qin , Huang Yuan Yue , Zhang Yue
Published: October 2011

The hydraulic impactor is the key component that affects the hydraulic impact mechanical properties. Impact energy or impact power parameter is the important indication of impact system performance. The conditional parameters affecting the basic function were analyzed in this paper. The pressure change and flow of different working cavity in the working process were experimental studied on the experimental device. The relationships between the rate of flow and pressure in the impactor were also discussed.
The Externalities of New Energy Industry and Correction Suggestions
Authors: Xia Bin , Gao Ting
Published: October 2011

At present, the development of new energy industry has the great significance in optimizing the energy structure and energy security and increasing energy supply in China. In the new energy industry development process existing obvious external effectiveness, make the competition market resources allocation efficiency losses, resulting in deviating from the Pareto optimal state that cause "market failure". According to the general principles that externalities cause resource allocation misconduct eliminate, from an economic point of view that this article point out that the decrease of the cost of production and the increased output efficiency could play the same role in resource allocation efficiency improvements, and through government intervention to make the necessary corrections to optimize the allocation of resources to ensure the development of new energy industries.
Depositional Characteristics and Distribution of Lake-Floor Fan of Paleogene Lower Member 3 of Shahejie Formation in Northwestern Part of Huanghekou Sag, Bohai Bay Basin
Authors: Ju Yong Tao , Liu Hao , Li Hui Yong , Shi Yu Han
Published: October 2011

The lake-floor fan, as an important deposition of Paleogene in Huanghekou Sag, is characterized with both good physical character of reservoir and oil-bearing property, thus it has higher values for petroleum exploration. The lower Member 3 of Shahejie Formation, rich in sandstone, can be divided into lowstand system tract, extensive system tract and highstand system tracts based on seismic reflection signature, and core and logging data clearly. The sand bodies in the study area belonged to two kinds of lake-floor fan deposition formed under semi-deep-lake to deep-lake environment: deposition of the deep-water turbidite fan corresponded to lowstand system tract; deposition of the slump turbidite fan corresponded to extensive system tract and highstand system tract, which was formed by slumping fan delta front sand. Viewed from spatial distribution, the deep-water turbidite fan was mainly developed in the second-order fault downthrown of the basin, while the slump turbidite fan was distributed in the abrupt slope which located in the south of study area. The complex of lake-floor fan consists of various sediments’gravity flow deposits, including:(1)turbidity current deposit with characteristics of Bouma sequences; (2)mud-bearing sandy debris flow deposits with characteristics of dominated sand and mixed by mud; (3)sand-bearing muddy debris flow deposits with characteristics of dominated mud and mixed by sand; (4)gritty debris flow deposits with characteristics of massive gravel accumulation;(5)sandy slump deposits with characteristics of deformed sedimentary structure. During lower water level period(LSTs3L), most of the study area were erosion or sediment pass-by areas, and terrigenous clastic matters were directly transported into deep-water area under the second-order faulted belt, and then formed the deep-water turbidite fan. During higher water level period (ESTs3L, HSTs3L), the slump tuibidite fan, which resulted from various sediments’gravity flows, mainly developed in front of fan dalta in south. The sandstones of the lake-floor fan are the main reservoirs of oil in the northwestern part of the Huanghekou sag.
The Coking Wastewater Treatment and Reuse of Depth
Authors: Zhu Xiu Hui , Shen Yue , Peng Ting Ting , He Lian Yu , Yang Geng Han , Zheng Chun Fang
Published: October 2011

Use water quality stability theory, through the experiment find coking wastewater as cooling water added water treatment and control technology. The static and dynamic combination of methods, will coking wastewater biochemical treatment to countries after “the comprehensive sewage discharge standards “(GB8978-1996 level 1) as an experimental water, water by the MBR membrane bioreactor, deep treatment after deep treatment of water corrosion and scale water quality stable, and the effluent treatment can satisfy enterprise circulating cooling water added water quality requirements.
Study on the Output Characteristics of Organic Photovoltaic Cells
Authors: Zhong Zhi You , Yang C.Y. , Gu J.H.
Published: October 2011

Based on the analysis of the equivalent circuit model of organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells, the explicit expression of current, short-circuit current and open-circuit voltage was obtained by means of W-function, and the effects of internal resistances and diode quality factor on the output characteristics of OPV cells were studied. The results demonstrate that the series resistance can effect short-circuit current but not open-circuit voltage, and the shunt resistance and diode quality factor can influence open-circuit voltage but short-circuit current unchanged. The decrease in series resistance and the increase in shunt resistance and diode quality factor can enhance the fill factor and energy conversion efficiency of OPV cells. This conclusion is essential in preparing OPV cells and improving device performance.
Preliminary Assessment of Genetic Diversity in Cultivated Glycyrrhiza uralensis, G. inflate and G. glabra by Chemical Fingerprint and Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat Markers
Authors: Liu Ting , Lin Hai Ming
Published: October 2011

The two main secondary metabolites in Glycyrrhiza Species are Glycyrrhizic acid and liquiritin. They are considered as active ingredients . The content of these compounds showed variation in different species. Standard chemical fingerprints were generated from cultivated Glycyrrhiza uralensis, G. inflate and G. glabra, which could be identification markers. Five efficient inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers were screened and optimized for detecting the genetic diversity in three cultivated Glycyrrhiza uralensis, G. inflate and G. glabra. By using two characteristic peaks compare with three cultivars, Glycyrrhiza uralensis and G. glabra were bigger similarity than G. inflate. The results is in accordance with the results by ISSR markers. The higher genetic diversity in G. inflate was useful to more broad breeding. Our result suggest that provides an optimized method for assessment genetic diversity of cultivated Glycyrrhiza uralensis, G. inflate and G. glabra using Chemical fingerprint and ISSR markers which is useful for further investigation in breeding.
Comparison Study of GA and PSO with their Applications to Multi-Objective Power Unit Coordinate Control Problem
Authors: Zaharn Zain , Shi Rui Feng , Liu Xiang Jie
Published: October 2011

Power unit coordinate control problem is a typical non-linear, constrained optimization problem with high computational complexity, in which the optimal solution is balanced between unit load demand and pressure set point. This problem is traditionally solved by fixed nonlinear mapping method, while more and more attention is payed on solving this issue with modern heuristic algorithms, like GA, PSO, etc. This paper presents a comparison study between two typical modern heuristic algorithms with their applications to a 3-objective power unit coordinate control problem. The merits and drawbacks of each algorithm is analyzed via simulation experiments.
The Performance of a Three Phase Fluidized Bed Biofilm Reactor in Treatment of Sugar Factory Wastewater
Authors: Jin Chang Yi , Liu Zu Yu , Hu Kun , Huang Wei Xing
Published: October 2011

The performance of a three phase fluidized bed biofilm reactor used to treat cane sugar wastewater has been investigated. Experimental results showed that, the continuous bioprocess treated the real wastewater of sugar cane factories under the condition of maintaining the hydraulic retention time (HRT) at 3~3.5 h, the maximum removal percentage of COD and NH4–N could reach to 91.38% and 92.39% respectively, and the effluent COD and NH4–N were lower than 120 and 10 mg /L for 40 days, which had achieved the national primary discharge standard of PR China. And when the organic loading rate (OLR) was increased from 2.3 kgCOD/m3•d to 5.1kgCOD/m3•d, the reactor can achieve the treatment without affecting its performance, and the reactor had high operation flexibility and the ability to resist shock loading.
The Efficiency of New Solar Flat-Plate Collector
Authors: Duan Rui
Published: October 2011

Aerogel is a highly porous material. It has the best thermal insulation properties in all solid-state materials. This paper carried out a preliminary study to see the influence on efficiency of flat-plate collector used aerogel. Keeping the other parts of flat-plate collector unchange, the aerogel layer is placed between the transparent cover and absorber plate. Through specific calculation, analysed thermal efficiency of this model of flat-plate collector, and compared with the ordinary glass model. The results show that aerogel can greatly improve collector efficiency , as table 1 show the efficiency of aerogel model is 1.66 times higher than ordinary model.
Study on the Oxidation and Degradation of Phenol Wastewater by Synthetic Cryptomelane
Authors: Xu Wei , Li Guang Ming , Deng Zi Feng
Published: October 2011

A well-crystallized cryptomelane-like material (α-MnO2) has been synthesized by redox reaction between Mn2+ and MnO4- under acid condition at certain temperature. This composite material was characterized by X-ray diffraction, volumetric (N2 adsorption-desorption) and scanning electron microscopic analysis, as well as the Laser Raman spectroscopy. Synthetic cryptomelane was used in the oxidation of hydroxylation of phenol in order to study the oxidation activity. The result showed that the degradation rate of 50 mL of 100 mg/L phenol could recch to nearly 100%, under the conditions of pH 2.0, 3 g/L of synthetic cryptomelane with the grain size of 120~160 mesh, and the reaction time of 5 h at room temperature. The treated wastewater has achieved the industrial wastewater discharge standard. Moreover, the economic cost of synthetic cryptomelane was cheaper and the treatment effect of phenol becomed better. Therefore, the synthetic cryptomelane is believed to have a bright prospect in the development of industrial sewage treatment.
The Comprehensive Utilization of Coal Fly Ash
Authors: Ge Xin Li , Zhai Jia Wen , Feng You Li
Published: October 2011

This paper introduces the basic concept of fly ash, expounds the dangers of fly ash. The comprehensive utilization of coal ash means and the present status and progress have been described in detail. Especially, the applications of fly ash in material and chemical industry have been discussed.
Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells TiO2 Thin Film Preparation and Conditions in Laboratory
Authors: Wu Chen , Wu Qing Xin , Chen Wei Yuan
Published: October 2011

The use of colloidal solution deposition method on the preparation of the nanostructured TiO2 thin film for dye-sensitized solar cells in basic laboratory conditions was introduced. The effects of reaction temperature, time, and solvents on the film properties have been investigated. The experiments show that the use of dilute acetic acid could get a stable sol; 450°C 30 minutes in oven without preheat could have ideal TiO2 thin film.
The Temperature Stratification Measurement of the Large Space
Authors: Li Chuan Cheng , Zhang Jun Yi , Deng Qin Li , Ji Qun Feng
Published: October 2011

Temperature stratification in large space interior is relatively obvious. This paper selects the structure experimental plant and Wuhan station as the research objects, and monitors the temperature of the atrium, north and south waiting hall of the Wuhan station and structure experiment plant, lastly analyses the factors of the temperature stratification based on the measured data. At the same time exploring the law of the temperature stratification with height, time, and the position will deepen to the temperature stratification theory of the large space.
The Research on Cascade Reservoirs Optimal Operation Coupling with Latin Hypercube Random Simulation Method
Authors: Zhou Ran , Yang Kan , Hao Yong Huai , Zheng Jiao , Liu Guo Shuai
Published: October 2011

In this paper, linear regression method is used to deal with the flow transmission. Applying large -scale system decomposition-coordination method, the paper analyzes the optimal operation problem of cascade hydropower stations. In order to research the uncertainty of the optimal operation of cascade reservoirs, this paper presents a method which combines it with the random simulation, which uses the method of Latin hypercube sampling to improve Monte Carlo method. The study case of Three Gorges cascade reservoirs shows that the method is practical
The Life Cycle Routes for the Green Residential Buildings in China’s Low-Carbon City Background
Authors: Gao Xiao Jia
Published: October 2011

Construction industry is an important tache and constitute in low-carbon city and emission reduction. Under the background of China’s low-carbon city, this paper has summed up the features of green residential buildings, and proposed the effective routes for the construction green residential buildings during life cycle, finally some suggestions were given from energy system, technologies and the point of government function.
The Energy Structure to Change the Influence of Lanzhou Winter Atmospheric Environment
Authors: Zhang Jian , Wang Man Li , Zhang Ning
Published: October 2011

This article through researches in Lanzhou city of atmospheric aerosol water-soluble ion concentration change, air quality annual changes and the changes in the structure of Lanzhou city energy situation and put forward the solution and improve the urban air pollution approach. It provides a scientific basis for urban comprehensive development and pollution prevention.
Study on the Storage Performance of Manganese Spinel Battery
Authors: Liu Yun Jian , Guo Hua Jun , Li Xin Hai , Wang Zhi Xing
Published: October 2011

The power battery was manufactured with the commercial LiMn2O4 and graphite, and its storage performances with different charged state were studied. Structure, morphology and surface state change of the LiMn2O4 before and after storage were observed by XRD, XPS and AC technique, respectively. The result shows that the capacity recovery of LiMn2O4 stored at discharge state is best (99.2%). While that of full-charged state is worst (93.6%). The cyclic performance of LiMn2O4 stored at full-charged state is best (capacity retention ratio of 89.8% after 200 cycles), while that of before storage is 83.0%. The crystal of the spinel was destroyed after storage, and the intensity of breakage is increased with charged state increasing. The amount of soluble Mn and Li-ion migration resistance (Rf) are increased with chare state increasing, and the oxygen loss is detected.
The Pilot Study on Domestic Wastewater Treatment by Contact Oxidation Process
Authors: Yang Jin Hu , Chen Wei , Xu Hang , Zhao Lei
Published: October 2011

The airlift contact oxidation process is the combination of airlift technology with contact oxidation method. The process was used to treat domestic wastewater, the appropriate operating parameters were determined by experiment, and the operation stability, anti-impact loads and treatment cost of the process were also analyzed. The results show that this process has some advantages of compact layout, small occupancy area and low treatment cost. Under the conditions of air/water ratio of 16.8 and the hydraulic loading of 4.8m3/(m3•d), the average removal rate of COD and NH3-N reaches 80.1% and 58%, respectively. The effluent quality is stable and excellent, and it can be used as municipal miscellaneous water. The height of the media can be reduced due to its internal recycling system.
Synthesis of Fe-Mn-Ce SCR Catalyst by Precipitation Method Using Different Precipitating Agents
Authors: Xu You Ning , Zhao Hai , Guan Duo Jiao
Published: October 2011

Fe-Mn-Ce metal oxides nanosized particles have been prepared by co-precipitation approach using three kinds of precipitants NaOH, NH4OH and Na2CO3. The products were characterized by Powder X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and BET study. It was found that the samples prepared with NH4OH as a precipitator show higher surface areas and larger sulfur capacity at low calcinations temperature. At high reaction temperatures, the samples prepared with Na2CO3 as precipitator exhibited much better activities for SCR of nitric oxide with ammonia than catalysts prepared with NH4OH and NaOH as the precipitants.
Experimental Study on Influence of Fly Ash in Melting Process on Heavy Metal Speciation
Authors: Yuan Hao Ran , Wang Xiao Bo , Zhao Dan Dan , Zhao Zeng Li , Li Hai Bin , Xiong Zu Hong , Chen Yong
Published: October 2011

The influence of melting process on heavy metal speciation was studied. The results show that although there are different changes of heavy metals Cd, Cu, Mn and Zn after melting process, percentage of residue is increasing and others are decreasing. Before melting process, Pb exists mainly in carbonate, Fe-Mn oxide and organic matter bound fractions and in Fe-Mn oxide bound fraction after the process. The percentage distribution of Cr, As, Ba and Ni are not changed obviously before and after melting. In general, the existence forms of all testing heavy metals trend to more stable speciation after melting process.
The Current Implementation Situation and Analysis of the Small-Scale Hydropower Station in Computer Monitor System
Authors: Chu Qing He , Nie Zhen
Published: October 2011

Implementing computer monitoring system in the small hydropower station can improve the degree of automation power and economic benefits, increase their operational reliability and stability. Through the inspection and investigation of some small hydropower station, It is analyzed the implementation status and common problems of the small hydropower station in computer monitor system.
Waste Heat Recovery and Utilization in Cotton Manufacturing Enterprise: Energy Saving and Emission Reduction Aspects of a Case Study
Authors: Zhu Min , Kong Fan Long , Li Yue , Wang Nan , Xi Min , Zhao Li Xia
Published: October 2011

In this paper, a detailed description of a project designed to recovery and utilize waste heat in a cotton manufacturing enterprise in Shandong, Jin Mao Textile Co., Ltd(China) is presented: both energy saving and emission reduction(ESER) aspects have been thoroughly considered. First of all, an accurate analysis of the status of the previous cotton mill for production process was developed, to identify possible improvement opportunities; then an energy saving reformation of waste heat recovery in cotton mill was proposed and designed. After that, by means of a comprehensive feasibility analysis, the ESER indices were calculated assuring good environmental benefits of the plant modification investment. The modifications to the system make it possible to achieve consistent annual savings of coal, electricity and waste heat, CO2, SO2 emissions through effective recovery and utilization of the waste heat that was discharged into the atmosphere in the original production. Implementation of the reformation system fulfilled the waste heat recovery and utilization. And also create good environmental benefits.
Synthesis of 1-(4-Antipyrine)-3-(Sulfanilic Acid)-Triazene and Study on Determination of Zinc(II) in Water Samples by Spectrophotometry
Authors: Zhu Ping Hua , Chen Wen Bin
Published: October 2011

The synthesis of a new triazene reagent 1-(4-antipyrine)-3-(sulfanilic acid)-triazene (ASTA) and is proposed as a new sensitive reagent for the extractive spectrophotometric determination of Zinc(II) was established. The results showed that in the presence of micromulsion Tween-80, ASTA could reacted with Zn ( Ⅱ) to form a red stable complex of which the molar ratio of reagent︰metal was 2︰1 in Na2B4O7-NaOH medium. The maximum absorption peak of the complex was located at 520 nm with the apparent molar absorption of 1.7×105 L•mol-1•cm-1. Beers law was obeyed in the range of 0.3～5.0 μg/10 mL for Zn (Ⅱ) and the detection limit was 0.11 mg/L. Many ions did not interfere the colour reaction system due to the existence of ammonia. This method was applied to determination of Zn (Ⅱ) in water samples, and the results were in accordance with those obtained by AAS method. Recovery was in the range of 96.5～101.5 % and the RSD(n=6) was not more than 1.4%.
A Room Temperature Pre-Treatment Process: Ce3+ Doted ZrO2 Nanofilm Coated on the Cold-Rolled Plate Surface
Authors: Cui Chen , Wang Da Zhi , Li Xiang Tao , Qu Feng Zuo , Xu Tong Kuan
Published: October 2011

The purpose of this paper is to study the anti-corrosion properties of a novel pre-treatment CeO2/ZrO2 nanometric film coating on the surface of cold-rolled plate at room temperature. A novel coating agents involved elements Zr,Ce and additional surfactants were prepared and used in the field of cold-rolled plate pretreatment. The surface of the coating sample was investigated by using X-ray Photon Spectrum (XPS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electronic Microscope (SEM)，respectively. The Ce3+ doted ZrO2 nanofilm could improve the anti-corrosion performance of coated plate. This dipping coating process satisfied the energy-saving and green chemistry requirement of modern cold-rolled plate pre-treatment technology.
Thermal Performance Effect of Glass Curtain-Wall on Office Buildings Energy Consumption from Different Climatic Regions in China
Authors: Yi Jian Guang
Published: October 2011

For the sake of studying on the thermal effects of glass curtain-wall to the integrated buildings, 16 types of glass curtain wall are slected to build office building energy consumption models, and the meteorologic parameters are chosed from Harbin, Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou respectively, totally 384 models are investigated. The simulation results show that, U-value of glass curtain-wall impacts less to the energy consumpiton of intergrated building from the northern city as Harbin to the southern city as Guangzhou, the SC of glass curtain-wall has a stronger impact on the energy consumpiton of intergrated building from the north to the south of China, which is reverse effect of the U value.
The Evaluation and Comparison of Carbon Dioxide Capture Technologies Applied to FCC Flue Gas
Authors: Peng Pu , Zhuang Yi
Published: October 2011

The CO2 capturing technologies as applied to FCC flue gas in order to reduce GHG (green house gases) were evaluated and compared in this review. Although the CCS (carbon capture and storage) idea has been proposed for more than 30 years, there has been little commercial success of CCS projects. The largest issue is where to store the massive amount of captured pure CO2 every year. Therefore, the review will focus on the efficient use of power or heat to reduce CO2 emission and how to recycle the use of produced CO2 before it is emitted to the atmosphere rather than being captured and stored. The scenarios with oxyfiring, microalgae-cofiring or biogas burning to treat FCC flue gas are introduced and discussed.
Roads Accelerate the Invasion Process of Alien Species
Authors: Chen Hua , Liu Jian , Xue Tong , Wang Ren Qing
Published: October 2011

Biological invasions have been identified as one of the human-induced global changes, which not only threaten native biodiversity but also cause a considerable economic loss both globally and locally. The long distance dispersal of alien species is often facilitated by human activities and disturbances. This paper summarized lots of paper to explain how road affect the local biodiversity and accelerate the invasion process of alien species. We discuss several aspects to clarify this issue: the impacts of roads affect the alien and native species in new regions, environmental conditions near roads affect the effect of roads, the effects of roads on alien species in high altitude regions, the effects of roads on different propagation manner of alien species and at last the fast growth of road length and alien species in China. Human disturbances promote the performance and abundance of alien species in new regions, and roads as one key of human disturbances act as corridors for the ﬂow of alien propagules and seeds into new landscapes and ultimately accelerate the invasion process of alien species.
White LED Energy-Efficient Drive Technology Based on Luminescent Relaxation Properties
Authors: Zhang Yi , Han Jing , Bai Lian Fa , Chen Qian , Gu Guo Hua
Published: October 2011

This study is a high-performance, energy-saving drive technology for all pcLED based on luminescence relaxation properties. Its core idea is coordination between power driving model and pcLED relaxation properties. Compared with relative small pulse width, forward pulse excitation current can make pcLED luminescence tends to its saturation peak rapidly during this period because of the steep leading edge of relaxation properties. And in the vacant period of forward pulse excitation current, because of the chosen of best duty cycle, it will be the most effective utilization for luminescence afterglow which has slow attenuation characteristic.
Study on Solar Energy - Ground Source Heat Pump Application in Changchun
Authors: Ran Chun Yu , Yan Bo Jiao
Published: October 2011

This essay briefly introduces the solar energy- ground source heat pump, respectively analyzes advantages and disadvantages of the solar energy and ground source heat pump, illustrates necessities of integrated applications of the solar energy and ground source heat pump in Changchun, and finally points out problems which exist in the technology.