bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mobile Loan Frequency of Repayment as a Predictor of the Financial Performance of SMEs in Urban Informal Settlements in Kenya
Authors: Murage Margaret
Published: May 2021

This study explored the effect of repayment timelines on the financial performance of SMEs in urban informal settlements in Kenya. This study adopts the descriptive survey design. Data were collected from 120 SMEs in the 6 wards of Mathare Sub- County. Data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires. It was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. From the study findings, it is evident that repayment timelines influenced the application for mobile loans. The ability to pay mobile loans without problems due to flexible repayment times also enhanced the performance of the respondents’ businesses. While loans with short repayment periods discouraged the businesses from borrowing due to immense pressure, long repayment periods were preferable since it meant that the stock purchased could be converted to cash. Budgeting could also be made easy due to the certainty of cash flow in long and flexible repayment periods. Lastly, a long repayment period meant that the intended use of the money borrowed could be realized. The study made the following recommendation based on the study objective. In this regard, most of the various mobile loan providers should put in place flexible repayment plans to make their loans appealing. They should also market their mobile loan products to make them visible since only 4, Safaricom-Fuliza, M-Shwari, Tala, and KCB-Mpesa were the most used. Civil society organizations in collaboration with mobile loan providers should also carry out capacity building campaigns among SMEs in informal settlements.
CPEC in Pakistani Print Media: Transitivity Analysis of English Newspapers’ Articles
Authors: Afsheen Ekhteyar  , Dr.Tariq Umrani
Published: May 2021

The purpose of the study is to scrutinize critically the ideological constructions and discursive features used in Pakistani print media representing economical phenomenon of CPEC. This research has elucidated the ideology through critical discourse analysis (CDA) of the leading English newspapers of a good repute: However, the similar news from the different newspapers as depicted in the various forms that are all ideologically disputed in this perspective including Daily Dawn and The News HE NEWS. These articles on CPEC, the most prevailing economic subject in Pakistan as published during the year 2016-17, have been purposefully selected for this study. Transitivity analysis as an analytical tool has been applied for the analysis of such the articles. By applying Halliday's transitivity system, hence; the study attempts to show how the use of linguistic signals can demonstrate the characteristics and techniques used in Pakistani print media for representing CPEC. Further, this study is comparative in nature, and compares the language used in both the English newspapers for representing CPEC. The findings indicate that CPEC has been presented as an economical subject of national worth in both the newspapers that implies a meaning of PRO-CPEC ideology. The current study is the significant in its originality as it is interdisciplinary study, and its findings are not in line with the exist in literature on media conflict.
SIMULASI JARINGAN MENGGUNAKAN CISCO PACKET TRACER
Authors: Drajana Ivo Colanus Rally , Bode Andi
Published: May 2021

Perkembangan jaringan komputer saat ini begitu pesat dengan seiringnya waktu, simulasi jaringan komputer sangat dibutuhkan pada langkah awal dalam pembangunan jaringan komputer serta menentukan bentuk dari jaringan yang akan di terapkan. Software cisco packet tracer 6.2 dapat digunakan sebagai simulasi yang menggambarkan arsitektur dan juga model dari jaringan komputer pada sistem jaringan yang digunakan nantinya. Dengan menggunakan aplikasi software cisco packet tracer 6.2 dapat menentukan bentuk jaringan yang akan di terapkan, baik penentuan topologi jaringan, penentuan concentrator, media transmisi, IP adrress, dan menentukan router. Simulasi mengenai jaringan dapat dimanfaatkan menjadi informasi tentang gambaran bentuk atau arsitektur jaringan, biaya konfigurasi, keadaan koneksi komputer dalam suatu jaringan serta alat dan bahan yang akan digunakan.
Microphysical investigation of the seeder and feeder region of an Alpine mixed-phase cloud
Authors: Ramelli Fabiola , Henneberger Jan , David Robert O. , Bühl Johannes , Radenz Martin , Seifert Patric , Wieder Jörg , Lauber Annika , Pasquier Julie T. , Engelmann Ronny , Mignani Claudia , Hervo Maxime , Lohmann Ulrike
Published: May 2021

Abstract. The seeder–feeder mechanism has been observed to enhance orographic precipitation in previous studies. However, the microphysical processes active in the seeder and feeder region are still being understood. In this paper, we investigate the seeder and feeder region of a mixed-phase cloud passing over the Swiss Alps, focusing on (1) fallstreaks of enhanced radar reflectivity originating from cloud top generating cells (seeder region) and (2) a persistent low-level feeder cloud produced by the boundary layer circulation (feeder region). Observations were obtained from a multi-dimensional set of instruments including ground-based remote sensing instrumentation (Ka-band polarimetric cloud radar, microwave radiometer, wind profiler), in situ instrumentation on a tethered balloon system, and ground-based aerosol and precipitation measurements. The cloud radar observations suggest that ice formation and growth were enhanced within cloud top generating cells, which is consistent with previous observational studies. However, uncertainties exist regarding the dominant ice formation mechanism within these cells. Here we propose different mechanisms that potentially enhance ice nucleation and growth in cloud top generating cells (convective overshooting, radiative cooling, droplet shattering) and attempt to estimate their potential contribution from an ice nucleating particle perspective. Once ice formation and growth within the seeder region exceeded a threshold value, the mixed-phase cloud became fully glaciated. Local flow effects on the lee side of the mountain barrier induced the formation of a persistent low-level feeder cloud over a small-scale topographic feature in the inner-Alpine valley. In situ measurements within the low-level feeder cloud observed the production of secondary ice particles likely due to the Hallett–Mossop process and ice particle fragmentation upon ice–ice collisions. Therefore, secondary ice production may have been partly responsible for the elevated ice crystal number concentrations that have been previously observed in feeder clouds at mountaintop observatories. Secondary ice production in feeder clouds can potentially enhance orographic precipitation.
Opportunities and challenges of dialogic pedagogy in art museum education
Authors: Dysthe Olga
Published: May 2021

The aim of this interpretative, qualitative research study is to investigate affordances and constraints of dialogic pedagogy in the museums, as well as its broader contribution to society today.  The background is my involvement in a Danish development project called ‘Museums and Cultural Institutions as Spaces for Citizenship,’ initiated by seven art museum educators in Copenhagen and supported by the Ministry of Culture. Denmark has a strong dialogic tradition dating back to Grundtvig’s belief in the power of ´the oral word’ to foster democratic ‘Bildung.’ Museum education, on the other hand, has a long tradition of monologic transmission. Still, a more participatory pedagogy has been gaining ground over many years.

This study is based on the observations of three-hour-long teaching sessions in seven museums and has a Bakhtinian framework. While the overall analysis builds on the whole project, two cases are discussed in more detail. The overarching research question is how central aspects of dialogic pedagogy played out in an art museum context and its opportunities and challenges. The subquestions focus on three central Bakhtinian concepts: How did the educators facilitate multivoicedness during the short museum visits? What role did difference and disagreement play? What opportunities emerged for students to develop internally persuasive discourse? I have chosen these concepts because they are central in dialogism and combined them because they are closely connected in Bakhtin’s work. The final reflections open a wider perspective of how dialogic museum education may contribute to overarching functions of education: qualification, socialization, and subjectification.

Key findings were that the museum educators’ transition from traditional to dialogic pedagogy was enhanced by their genuine interest in hearing students’ voices. They succeeded in engaging students in multivoiced dialogues but with a tendency towards harmonization rather than the exploration of diversity and difference. The practical aesthetic workshops offered unique opportunities for students to develop their internally persuasive word, i.e., by replacing authoritative interpretations of artworks with their own. Challenges experienced by the educators were, e.g., the dilemmas between preplanning and student choice and between disseminating their professional art knowledge and facilitating students’ meaning making and creativity. In contrast, students found the lack of workshop follow-up problematic.

The article provides deeper insight into museums as an alternative pedagogical arena. Museum educators and non-museum classroom teachers may find it useful for cultivating greater dialogic interactions in respective learning contexts.
Escola de Agronomia da UFC: 100 anos de atuação transformadora
Authors: Melo Lima Francisco de Assis , Gurgel Italo
Published: May 2021

the book is abaut the centenary of the agronomy course at the Federal University of Ceará
Makna Simbolik Dalam Tradisi Pawai Hantu Di Desa Nibung Kecamatan Puding Besar Kabupaten Bangka
Authors: Ropiah Siti , Sulaiman Aimie , Pratama Saputra Putra
Published: May 2021

Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa makna simbolik tradisi pawai hantu terdapat pada nama dan warna dari hantu tersebut. Pertama Makna yang dijelaskan pada nama hantu yakni hantu bukit. Bukit sendiri berarti dataran yang tinggi yang berwarna hitam yang dimaknai dengan kelamyang ditandai dengan penolakan marabahaya atas penyembahan Allah yang dulunya mereka menyembah hantu tersebut dan hidup mereka kelam selalu tertimpa kesialan. Maka atas penyembahan kepada Allah dipercaya tidak adanya marabahaya yang datang. Kedua makna dari nama hantu rimbak dan warna hijau,rimbak sendiri berarti hutan yang luas dan sangat jarang di huni oleh masyarakat. Dalam tradisi ini rimbak diambil kata luas untuk dimaknai dalam tradisi pawai hantu. Luas dalam tradisi ini berarti, luasnya hati seorang manusia untuk menerima ketetapan yang telah diberikan oleh Allah. Sedangkan dari tardisi ini menggunakan daun keterek ayam yang berwarna hijau, yang memiliki arti tersediri bagi masyarakat yakni sebuah kepercayaan bahwasanya daun tersebut bersifat lembut seperi hati manusia. Ada salah satu perimbom atau kata-kata yang tergamabar dalam makna tradisi pawai hantu ini yakni: “terang gerantang laut sibarullah” yang berarti “terangberkilauan seperti laut yang telah di ciptakan oleh Allah” Dalam tradisi ini meskipun di sangkut paukan dalam hal mistis yang terlihat dalam namanya tradisi pawai hantu, tetapi dalam tradisi ini tidak ada saupun prosesi dalam melakukan tradisi ini yang menyimpang kaidah agama.
Contribuições do serviço de orientação profissional para a formação do psicólogo
Authors: De Moraes Marcela Cristina , Lima de Morais Dailiana , Guimarães de Moura Jennifer , Borges Guimarães Julianna , Mota Fernandes Maira Julyê , Oliveira Resende Vergílio Rafaella , Silva Carrijo Thassia
Published: May 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo descrever o Serviço de Orientação Profissional (SOP), ofertado a estudantes do Ensino Médio, cursinhos pré-vestibular e EJA, com a finalidade de destacar a sua importância na formação de graduandos em Psicologia, bem como fortalecer o Serviço de Psicologia Aplicada (SPA) como espaço de formação e cuidado em saúde mental. As reflexões apresentadas são resultado da análise atual das psicólogas que trabalharam como extensionistas no ano de 2014 e da supervisora do projeto, a partir da releitura dos relatórios produzidos na época. No ano em questão, o projeto foi divulgado em 10 instituições de ensino públicas e 7 privadas do município de Jataí. Em seguida, foram realizadas entrevistas individuais de triagem, sendo os participantes organizados em 4 grupos, realizados em dias e horários diferentes. Cada grupo iniciou os atendimentos com uma média de 15 participantes e era conduzido por duas ou três discentes do curso de Psicologia, que realizaram 10 encontros com duração de duas horas cada. Ao final do processo, realizou-se uma entrevista devolutiva para avaliar o percurso de cada jovem. Cabe apontar que a supervisão deste trabalho acontecia semanalmente, em encontro presencial com as estagiárias, por meio do relatório do trabalho realizado. Os resultados do projeto, para o público alvo, apontaram para a tomada de consciência e aumento da segurança para a escolha, ao comparar as respostas das entrevistas iniciais com as entrevistas devolutivas. Há relatos de que o processo foi uma experiência enriquecedora, possibilitando autoconhecimento, redução da ansiedade e descoberta de habilidades e influências. Para os estudantes do Curso de Psicologia, foi possível enumerar o desenvolvimento das seguintes habilidades técnicas: registro de relatórios psicológicos; raciocínio para estudo de caso e grupal; trabalho em grupo; comunicação social; planejamento e cumprimento de metas. Pessoalmente, foi importante destacar o desenvolvimento da criatividade e flexibilidade, bem como o despertamento do compromisso social e político para a compreensão da comunidade envolvida. Diante desses pontos positivos, cabe pontuar a necessidade de rever a atividade de extensão como um requisito central na grade curricular e não como uma carga horária complementar, bem como justificar o ensino presencial para o curso de Psicologia, que vem enfrentando, junto com outros cursos da área da saúde, um ataque para que haja flexibilização para ensino à distância.
Psicologia comunitária e promoção da saúde:
Authors: Andrade Martins Rita de Cássia , Fernandes da Silva Ana Danielly , Assis Rocha Izabela
Published: May 2021

O artigo relata experiência de ensino e formação profissional em psicologia comunitária desenvolvida junto Serviço de Psicologia Aplicada da SPA/UFJ. No decorrer do relato são problematizadas questões acerca da universidade enquanto comunidade que reproduz desigualdades e opressões sociais e o quanto esse contexto incide em adoecimento psíquico dessa comunidade. A promoção de saúde como campo profícuo que precisa compor de forma mais sistemática a formação em psicologia, redirecionando a formação centrada na doença para uma formação mais plural e integral de saúde mental. O artigo pontua a importância do ensino e da formação profissional a partir de uma perspectiva libertadora, crítica e participativa, conforme referenciais teórico-metodológicos da psicologia comunitária, ainda no início dos cursos de psicologia. E por fim, propõe o reposicionamento dos serviços-escola como espaços restritos a prática clínica convencionada, para serviços comunitários alinhados aos campos das saúdes pública e coletiva.
Blurring Boundaries: How Writing Slash Fanfiction Empowers Young Women in Mainland China
Authors: Fang Yijie
Published: May 2021

This study pays close attention to Chinese slash fanfiction amateur female writers and their writing experiences. This research investigates in what kind of ways their writing experiences relate to a sense of female empowerment. The analysis emphasizes how slash writing as a seemingly individual and private experience connects itself to a larger community of writers and readers, and how this practice extends to the lived realities of gender and sexuality in mainland China. Using qualitative data from epistolary interviews with ten Chinese female slash writers, this study argues that writing slash fanfiction in mainland China is a boundary-blurring art. Through crossing and obscuring boundaries between private and public, fantasies and reality, individual and community, Chinese female slash writers retrieve a sense of agency and empowerment in their experiences of writing slash fanfiction through exploring affective experiences, reconciling with sexual fantasies, and serving and participating in a female community.
Transcending the Elements: the Meaning in the Mist and Stars in Charles Dickens’s Great Expectations
Authors: Stromberg Isabelle
Published: May 2021

In this senior thesis, I seek to explore the meaning of the mist and the stars in Charles Dickens's Great Expectations. I argue that through observation of the mist and the stars as an entrance point to the text, we as readers are able to expand our discussion of the text to incorporate other fundamental aspects of the story. I open with a contextualization of the mist and the stars in Dickens’ previous works, including Bleak House, Oliver Twist, and Sketches by Boz. I argue that the mist stands as a symbol for Pip’s uncertainty about the future and his place in the world, while the stars represent an inaccessible though alluring clarity and transparency. The mist stands as an obstructing force, and the rising of the mist connotes moments of growth and maturation for Pip. The stars act as the cosmic opposition to the mist, and they are synonymous with Pip’s elusive love interest, Estella. Through a reading of the mist and the stars, we gain a deeper connection to the nuances and foundational themes of Great Expectations.
Serum 25-Hydroxy-Vitamin D and Vitamin B12 Levels in Childhood Alopesia Areata
Authors: Kundak Selcen , Kutlu Ayşe
Published: May 2021

Objective: Alopecia areata (AA); is a sudden onset, non-scaring hair loss. Twenty percent of cases are children.Although it is thought to be related to genetic predisposition, inflammation, immunological processes or psychological triggers, its pathophysiology is still not fully understood. This study was planned to investigate the levels of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D, vitamin B12, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free T4 FT4) in children with AA and compare the results with age-matched healthy individuals. Methods: A retrospective medical record review was carried out in an outpatient dermatology clinic in a tertiary medical center between January 1,2013 and December 31, 2017. The study included 520 patients (ages 0-18 years) who received a clinical diagnosis of AA.106 patients with AA met the inclusion criteria.Patients in the control group (n=106) were selected among children aged 0-18 years without any medical and/or psychiatric diagnosis. Both past medical and family medical history were also noted. Results of laboratory tests including vitamin D, vitamin B12, TSH, FT4, and thyroid auto-antibodies were noted. Results: There was no significant difference between the patient and control groups in terms of mean age.Mean age of onset was 8.0 years. The number of boys and girls in both the patient and control groups were 55 and 51. Serum levels of FT4 and TSH in patients with AA were significantly higher than the control group. Both vitamin D and vitamin B12 levels of the patients with AA were significantly lower than the control group. Conclusion: Although its role in etiopathogenesis is not understood, the importance of monitoring both vitamins and thyroid functions in childhood AA cases is obvious.
Anesthesiologist’s Horror Case: Postintubation Tracheal Rupture
Authors: Sarıtaş Tuba Berra , Bezen Bilal Atilla , Sıvacı Remziye Gül
Published: May 2021

Endotracheal intubation is a relatively easy procedure, however, complications may occur due to this easy procedure. Practitioners should be ready for unexpected difficult intubation and treat in the lights of guidelines. We herein describe a 48 years old female tracheal rupture case which was diagnosed intraoperatively and treated immediately after diagnosis. Although tracheal rupture after intubation is very rare; respiratory insufficiency, emphysema, even death may happen as a result. Clinical suspicion is the first and the most important step at the diagnosis of the ruptures. An emergency bronchoscopy, chest X-ray and computerized tomography of thorax are necessary for diagnosis of the type and the extention of the laseration. In the literature conservative and surgical therapies are both appropriate for treatment of membranous tracheal rupture. In this case report, the causes of tracheal rupture after unexpected difficult intubation and its treatment approach are explained.
Effects of Granisetron on Spinal Anesthesia-induced Hypotension
Authors: Çataroğlu Cem Koray , Alptekin Alp , Gezer Aysel , Sayın Murat , Dönmez Aslı
Published: May 2021

Objective: It was aimed to evaluate the effect of intravenous (IV) granisetron used for nausea and vomiting prophylaxis on hypotension and bradycardia caused by spinal anesthesia. Methods: 120 ASA 1-2 patients undergoing elective surgery under spinal anesthesia were randomly divided into Group G (Ganisetron; n=60) and Group P (Placebo; n=60) groups. Five minutes before spinal anesthesia, Group G received 1 mg intravenous granisetron diluted in 10 mL of isotonic sodium chloride solution and Group P received 10 mL of isotonic sodium chloride solution. Spinal anesthesia with hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5%, 15 mg at the level of L4-5 was applied for both groups. Hemodynamic data, sensory and motor block parameters were recorded before and after spinal anaesthesia every 5 minutes during 20 minutes of surgery. Results: There was no difference in the demographic data of both groups. Although hemodynamic data showed a decrease in both groups according to initial values, blood pressure measurements in group G were significantly higher than the first measure values. There was no significant difference in heart rate values between the groups. Conclusion: Intravenous granisetron reduces hypotension after spinal anesthesia, but it has no significant effect on heart rate.
PERANCANGAN DASHBOARD MONITORING UNTUK PENJUALAN MAINAN
Authors: Michelle Grace Suwandi, Alfiarini, Ahmadi
Published: May 2021

Saat ini Toko Matahari Lubuklinggau dalam mengolah data dan mengolah laporan penjualan masih menggunakan buku dan lembaran-lembaran kertas sehingga laporan yang dibutuhkan secara cepat tidak dapat langsung disediakan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pengumpulan data dengan cara melakukan observasi ke Toko Matahari Lubuklinggau, wawancara dengan Pimpinan Toko Matahari Lubuklinggau dan literatur pada buku yang berhubungan dengan judul penulis. Hasil penelitian yaitu Perancangan Dashboard Monitoring untuk Penjualan Mainan pada Toko Matahari Kota Lubuklinggau, aplikasi dibangun dengan bahasa pemrograman PHP dengan MySQL sebagai database aplikasi serta interface aplikasi dibangun berbasis web. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa aplikasi yang dibangun dapat melakukan pendataan penjualan serta dapat menampilkan detail keseluruhan data penjualan yang akan dapat digunakan sebagai alat bantu Toko Matahari Lubuklinggau untuk melakukan monitoring.
Screening of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) Carriage among Health Care Workers and Its Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Sharma Perika , Tomar Rishabh
Published: May 2021

Background and Objectives: Staphylococcus aureus infections especially MRSA infections are an important cause of nosocomial infections worldwide and multidrug resistance is also very commonly seen in these infections. In a healthcare setup, these infections can be acquired through the hands, clothes, and equipments of health care workers. Hence, this study was conducted to see the percentage of MRSA carriage among healthcare workers and to study their antibiotic susceptibility pattern.
Materials and Methods: Nasal swabs collected from various categories of Healthcare workers were subjected to processing in the Bacteriology section of Microbiology lab, GMC Jammu. Staphylococcus aureus identification was done according to the standard procedures of the lab. Cefoxitin disc was used for the identification of MRSA strains.
Results: A total of 240 volunteers participated in the study. Among the samples screened 38 (16%) were MRSA, 28 (12%) were MSSA. In 172 (72%) no colonization was seen. Highest prevalence of MRSA was seen among Nurses 18 (27%), followed by Laboratory Technicians 10 (15%), Doctors 6 (9%) and Paramedics 4 (6%). Vancomycin and Linezolid were the most sensitive drugs showing 100 % sensitivity. Penicillin was 100 % resistant.
Conclusion: A study of MRSA carriage among healthcare workers can help in framing proper and timely antibiotic policies in our hospital which would further stop the emergence of multidrug resistant organism and also guide us in decreasing the prevalence of nosocomial infections.

Keywords: MRSA, Healthcare workers.
The Affecting Factors of Commitment to Change after Reorganization in PT PLN (Persero) UIP Sumbagut
Authors: Handayani Ratih Sri , Sadalia Isfenti , Wibowo Rulianda Purnomo
Published: May 2021

Organizational change is directed at increasing the effectiveness and improvement of organizational capabilities. PT PLN (Persero) where one of its units is PLN UIP Sumbagut reorganized in 2018 which included several business functions. The purpose of this study is to understand the factors that affect employee commitment to change after reorganization, namely through trust, emotional attachment and perceived organizational support. The data processing method in this study is to use the causality method between variables with the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) Partial Least Square (PLS) modeling equation. The measurement results showed that the Trust variable (X1) was 0,4% & insignificant with a p-value of 0,637>0,05, the Emotional Attachment (X2) variable was 86% & significant with a p-value of 0,016<0,05 and Perceived Organizational Support (X3) of 14,3% & significant with a a p-value of 0,000<0,05 is able to directly influence Employee Commitment to Change as part of an indicator of organizational climate which is very inherent in determining organizational success. The results of the evaluation show that in an effort to build a commitment to change, management needs to increase the intensity of communication among employees both formally and informally to improve the harmony of relationships between colleagues, the generation gap can be managed specifically with a relationship-oriented approach, namely by placing between generations in one work team. To increase trust, increase employee engagement through networking programs through work networking on work experience and the use of technology, increased organizational support that is felt can be done by cerating a work system that is supported by media aspirations of employees that area evaluated regularly, empowering employees to be more active in implementing changes and conduct special training proactively.

Keywords: Reorganization, Trust, Emotional Attacment, Perceived Organizational Support, Employee Commitment to Change.
A Review on Cetylpyridinium Chloride
Authors: K Nasila , K V Shijith , Shihab K K Mohammed
Published: May 2021

Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) is a quaternary ammonium surfactant having broad spectrum antimicrobial activity. The hexadecane chain of the CPC disorganizes lipid membrane and produces a complete rupture of the bacterial cell membrane. At low concentration of CPC, it leads to activation of intracellular latent ribonucleases of microbes to promote cell autolysis. At high concentration, CPC forms a vesicle-like structure in the bacterial cell surface and leads to leakage of cytoplasmic content. CPC can be estimated using several methods like HPLC, ion-pair extraction TLC, spectrophotometry, chemiluminescence, and spectrometry. It is a strong antimicrobial, anti plaque, deodorizer and bleeding control agent and is widely used in mouthwashes, tooth paste, sanitizers and disinfecting liquids.

Keywords: Cetylpyridinium chloride, antimicrobial agent, deodorizer, anti plaque agent.
Problematic aspects in the implementation of the legal mechanisms regarding the management of the waste resulted from the medical activity
Authors:   Moldova State University, Seremet Igor
Published: May 2021

Medical services in Moldova remain behind the minimum European standards, which exposes workers in the fi eld and hospitalized patients to the risk of transmitting nosocomial infections in medical institutions. In this respect, the hygiene conditions related to the management and destruction of waste from medical activity are not good enough: the health and environmental risks persist. Th e Moldovan health authorities, aware of this issue, have recently taken some real steps to standardize medical waste management procedures by publishing a 2018 Sanitary Regulation on Waste Management in order to strengthen waste legislation. However, the standardized practices of medical waste management, which are to be applied at the moment in various medical institutions in the country, remain only at the level of normative acts, without identifying the real mechanisms to implement them. Th e problem is not «what to do», but «how to do it».
Transurethral Thulium: YAG laser vapoenucleation of the prostate
Authors:   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pleşacov Alexei , Vladanov Ion ,   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Colța Artur ,   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ghicavîi Vitalie ,   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy
Published: May 2021

Laser prostate surgery is currently considered as being an alternative to other surgical approaches like mono or bipolar transurethral resection and classical open surgery. The implementation of transurethral Thulium: YAG laser vapoenucleation of the prostate opens up new avenues in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Therefore, the use of Th uVEP and the subsequent fragmentation of vapoenucleated adenomatous nodules may completely change the surgical approach in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. The study included 23 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia, who underwent minim invasive surgical treatment via transurethral Thulium: YAG laser vapoenucleation within the Urology Clinic of „Nicolae Testemitanu” SUMPh. The patients tolerated the surgical procedure well. Patients, with mean age of 62.4±3 years, were assessed at 3, 6, and 12 months aft er the surgery. A constant improvement of the IPSS and QoL scores was determined. A 15-point IPSS and 2-point Qol decrease was registered. No signifi cant decrease in IIFE-5 score was reported. The highest Qmax and Qmean increase was registered at 12 months: 150% and 139.4% respectively. The mean urine output increased to 59ml or 47.9%. The mean prostate volume decreased to 41±5cm3 (-4.1%), whereas the volume of residual urine showed a decrease of about 66±18ml (-77%). Given the excellent effi cacy of minimally invasive ThuVEP, it might be recommended as a surgical method of choice in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.
The Pleiades System : high resolution capability suited to users needs
Authors: Kubik Philippe , De Boissezon Hélène , Tinel Claire , Michel Julien , Grizonnet Manuel
Published: May 2021

Le lancement réussi de Pléïades 1A dans la nuit du 16 au 17 décembre 2011 est un évènement clé, longtemps attendu, pour les utilisateurs d'imagerie satellitaire. Ce satellite d'observation de la Terre fournit des images optiques à haute résolution avec pour double objectif principal de satisfaire les nouveaux besoins des organismes de défense et des usagers civils (institutions, scientifiques, etc.). La mission consiste en l'observation optique de la Terre avec une résolution au nadir de 0,7 m en panchromatique, et de 2,8 m pour les quatre canaux multi-spectraux. La fauchée d'une image est d'environ 20 km. Le système est fondé sur l'utilisation d'un ensemble de technologies européennes nouvellement développées, qui composent le satellite. Grâce à la très grande agilité du satellite, le système optique fournit instantanément des images stéréoscopiques, avec différentes configurations possibles, ainsi que des mosaïques.La phase de recette du système s'est déroulée du lancement au mois de mars 2012. Elle a permis de vérifier séparemment chaque pièce et chaque fonction du satellite, afin de caractériser, régler et calibrer tous les modèles nécessaires pour obtenir les comportements et performances attendues. La validation thématique de Pléïades a été préparée depuis 2007 dans le cadre du programme d'accompagnement ORFEO, ce qui a permis le regroupement de nombreux organismes (IGN, BRGM, INRA, CNRS, Cemagref, CIRAD) et de prestataires de service (Astrium Geo-Information Services, ACRI, SERTIT).
Stereopolis II: A multi-purpose and multi-sensor 3D mobile mapping system for street visualisation and 3D metrology
Authors: Paparoditis Nicolas , Papelard Jean-Pierre , Cannelle Bertrand , Devaux Alexandre , Soheilian Bahman , David Nicolas , Houzay Erwan
Published: May 2021

Nous présentons dans cet article un système de numérisation mobile 3D hybride laser-image qui permet d'acquérir des infrastructures de données spatiales répondant aux besoins d'applications diverses allant de navigations multimédia immersives jusqu'à de la métrologie 3D à travers le web. Nous détaillons la conception du système, ses capteurs, son architecture et sa calibration, ainsi qu'un service web offrant la possibilité de saisir en 3D via un outil de type SaaS (Software as a Service), permettant à tout un chacun d'enrichir ses propres bases de données à hauteur de ses besoins.Nous abordons également l'anonymisation des données, à savoir la détection et le floutage de plaques d'immatriculation, qui est est une étape inévitable pour la diffusion de ces données sur Internet via des applications grand public.
An overview of close-range photogrammetry in France
Authors: Héno Raphaële , Egels Yves , Heipke Christian , Grussenmeyer Pierre
Published: May 2021

Faire un état de l'art de la photogrammétrie rapprochée en France peut être envisagé sous différentes perspectives : historique, économique, technique, ou selon les métiers. Le présent article prend le parti de faire un court historique, de présenter ensuite les évolutions techniques marquantes pour de nombreux utilisateurs (le passage au numérique, les scanners laser, puis l'ère du tout automatique) et les tendances actuelles de démocratisation de la technique vers de nouveaux métiers, en focalisant particulièrement sur le domaine de la documentation du patrimoine.
Contributions of remote sensing to the cartographic development of the Brazilian territory: An introductory overview
Authors: Brandalize Maria Cecilia , Antunes Alzir Felippe
Published: May 2021

Le Conseil du Service Géographique (DSG), en collaboration avec l'Institut Brésilien de Géographie et de Statistique (IBGE), sont responsables de la cartographie systématique du territoire brésilien (échelle 1/1.000.000 au 1:25.000) depuis leur création, respectivement en 1890 et 1934. Compte tenu de la longue histoire dans l'établissement d'un système cartographique national, comprenant plusieurs projets de cartographie topographique au cours du siècle dernier, la plupart d'entre eux reposent sur une couverture photogrammétrique. Le territoire relevé n’a pas été mis à jour étant donné que le cartes les plus récentes datent des années 80. Le manque d’une politique de mise à jour des cartes topographiques indique la situation chaotique que les planificateurs et les gestionnaires en général connaissent actuellement au Brésil. Ainsi, bien que le territoire brésilien soit complètement couvert, depuis 1922, à l'échelle du 1 :1.000.000 (46 feuilles au total), la gamme de produits la plus courante pour cette échelle date de 1998, lorsque sa dernière mise à jour s’est appuyée sur des images de télédétection. D'autre part, des échelles plus grandes telles que 1:100.000, 1:50.000 et 1:25.000, couvrant respectivement 75%, 14% et 1% du territoire brésilien proviennent de la période entre 1908 et 1985, la plupart datant de 30 ans et sans un mise à jour périodique. Le manque de données cartographiques à des échelles aussi importantes pénalise le développement local et régional, ainsi que la planification et la surveillance de l'environnement, des plans et des actions basées sur des informations peu fiables et inexactes. Les initiatives prises par le gouvernement afin de résoudre certains problèmes de surveillance et de gestion de l'environnement, en particulier dans la région amazonienne, culminent dans des projets fondés uniquement sur les techniques de télédétection, comme les projets RADAM (Radar de l'Amazonie) et SIVAM (Système de Surveillance de l’Amazonie). D'autres initiatives sont remarquées, depuis 2006, pour la coopération entre l'IBGE et l'Alaska Satellite Facility (ASF), visant à la distribution des images de télédétection à des organismes du Gouvernement Fédéral, à des institutions de recherche et à d’autres usagers non commerciaux au Brésil. Ces images visent à accélérer le processus de cartographie du territoire et de ses mises à jour ultérieures, ce qui permet une planification plus efficace de l'action gouvernementale. Dans un pays où le développement et la diffusion des produits cartographiques sont plus avancés que le développement social et économique, de telles initiatives doivent être discutées et analysées de façon critique.
Fusion d'informations issues de la télédétection radar pour l'observation de déplacements dans la région de Manaus (Amazonie)
Authors: Ramos Fernanda Ledo G. , De Miranda Fernando P. , Evsukoff Alexandre G. , Trouvé Emmanuel , Galichet Sylvie
Published: May 2021

En mesurant la différence de phase entre des images acquises dans les mêmes conditions à des dates différentes, l’interférométrie radar différentielle (DInSAR) permet d’observer des déplacements de la surface avec une précision de l’ordre de la longueur d’onde : quelques centimètres en bande C. Dans cet article, l´interférométrie appliquée à une série de 15 images Radarsat-1 et 24 images Radarsat 2 acquises entre 2006 et 2010 a permis d´étudier les phénomènes géophysiques liés aux déformations de terrain dans la ville de Manaus, la plus grande de l´Amazonie, au Brésil. Nous nous plaçons dans ce cadre pour analyser le contexte tectonique et structural des résultats obtenus par cette étude.Cette approche inclut l´analyse du réseau de drainage extrait du modèle numérique de terrain SRTM (Shuttle Radar Mission Topography) ainsi que la comparaison de différentes images satellitaires optiques avec des informations géologiques et géomorphologiques existantes. Les résultats montrent l´existence probable de déplacements dans une région à coté d´une anomalie circulaire de drainage (4 km de diamètre). La combinaison de l’ensemble des données disponibles fournit une interprétation géologique aux différents motifs obtenus par l´étude interférométrique.
Proposta de uma metodologia economica para o desenvolvimento de SIG 3D
Authors: Nero Marcelo Antonio , Lapa Rodrigo Amaral , Sato Simone Sayuri
Published: May 2021

Le développement d’un système d’informations géografiques (SIG) tridimensionnel a besoin d’importer des éléments solides créés en trois dimensions. L’acquisition de ces éléments est généralement effectuée au moyen d’un LIDAR (Light Detection And Ranging). Une autre possibilité est la cartographie des façades de bâtiments, qui en règle générale est réalisée par la prise d'images géocodées au moyen d’un GPS et d’un système inertiel. Ensuite, un laborieux travail d'édition graphique doit être effectué. Evidemment, si le niveau de détail de la représentation des éléments est plus grand, le temps et le coût de l'acquisition de données 3D seront aussi très grands. Cette forme de développement d'unprojet de SIG 3D pour les applications comme la distribution d'énergie électrique est encore peu viable pour la réalité brésilienne en raison des coûts élevés d'acquisition 3D. Ainsi, pour rendre viable l'utilisation de ces outils dans un environnement SIG 3D dans une entreprise d'énergie électrique nationale, nous avons développé une méthodologiealternative à bas coût qui sera présentée dans ce travail. L'alternative est l'utilisation de la restitution photogrammétrique et l'utilisation des données suivantes : des photographies aériennes d’archive à l'échelle 1:8.000; une base cartographique plani-altimétrique permettant l’orientation externe d’images à l'échelle 1:2.000 pour l’obtention du modèle stéréoscopique et la restitution des éléments importants; une image multispectrale à haute résolution du satellite Quick BIRD, utilisée comme toile de fond et pour la texturation du modèle numérique du terrain. Le développement du projet a nécessité l’utilisation de logiciels et bibliothèques Opensource comme l'ensemble VTP (Virtual Terrain Project), qui inclut OGR, GDAL, vtdata et vtlib compatibles avec MFC (Microsoft Foundation Class), GDI+ (Graphics Device Interface Plus) ainsi que la base de données PostgreSQL. La modélisation des données a été réalisée de manière à simplifier l'acquisition des données tridimensionnelles et donc, réduire les coûts, dans le but d’appliquer le SIG 3D aux réseaux dedistribution d'énergie électrique. Des analyses de qualité du positionnement relatif ont ensuite réalisée, les résultats sontprésentés dans cet article.
Outils de prétraitements des images optiques Kalideos
Authors: Lafrance Bruno , Lenot Xavier , Ruffel Caroline , Cao Patrick , Rabaute Thierry
Published: May 2021

La communauté scientifique a besoin de disposer de séries temporelles d'observations récurrentes, couvrant des sites d'intérêt pour le suivi de l'évolution des surfaces terrestres (études agronomiques par assimilation de données, suivi de traits de côte, glissements de terrain, surveillance des volcans, cartographie littorale, etc.). L'analyse de ces séries temporelles demande à avoir des images superposables entre elles qui renseignent sur la réflectance des sites (grandeur physique indépendante du capteur).Dans l'objectif de rendre accessibles de telles données physiques et de garantir une homogénéité des traitements de séries temporelles d'images, le CNES a mis en place le programme Kalideos. Dans ce cadre, CS SI a développé et opère les chaines de traitement des images.Cet article présente les traitements appliqués aux images optiques des bases Kalideos (capteurs Spot et Formosat). Ces traitements permettent de convertir les produits de niveau 1A en ortho-images, donnant la réflectance mesurée au sommet de l'atmosphère et celle estimée au niveau de la surface après correction des effets atmosphériques.
Editorial
Authors: Labbassi Kamal
Published: May 2021

Editorial du numéro 204 consacré au colloque AARSE 2012 (2ème partie)
Télédétection, SIG et modélisation de l'érosion hydrique dans le bassin versant de l'oued Amzaz, Rif Central
Authors: Chaaouan Jamal , Faleh Ali , Sadiki Abdelhamid , Mesrar Haytham
Published: May 2021

Le bassin versant de l'oued Amzaz (Maroc, Rif central) est caractérisé par un climat semi-aride. Des pluies irrégulières, le plus souvent à caractère orageux combinées à une déforestation importante provoquent une érosion sévère. Les sols sont de plus en plus dégradés et les sédiments issus de cette érosion contribuent à l'envasement des retenues de barrages. L'intégration des cartes thématiques des différents facteurs de l'Equation de Gavrilovic (EPM) dans le Système d'Information Géographique (SIG) avec leurs bases de données a permis d'une manière rapide et efficace de démêler la complexité et l'interdépendance des facteurs dans l'analyse des risques d'érosion, de mieux cerner l'impact de chaque facteur et d'évaluer sa contribution aux pertes en sol. L'intégration dans le SIG des formules de Gavrilovic a permis de hiérarchiser les différentes zones du bassin versant en produisant une carte synthétique de répartition des degrés de sensibilité à l'érosion, de déterminer le taux d'érosion par le ruissellement en nappe (10483m3/km²/an en moyenne) et d'établir les facteurs décisifs qui contrôlent l'érosion hydrique qui sont par ordre d'importance la pente, l'érodibilité des sols et la couverture végétale.
La combinaison d'indicateurs de changement pour le suivi de l'évolution de l'occupation du sol à partir d'imagerie satellitales
Authors: Katlane Faten , Naceur Mohamed Saber
Published: May 2021

L'apparition de capteurs d'observation de la terre ayant une haute résolution spatiale a permis la réalisation de beaucoup d'applications liées à l'analyse de la surface terrestre ou de l'environnement comme le suivi de la végétation, la mise à jour de la cartographie et aussi la gestion des risques.Il existe plusieurs approches pour la détection de changement en imagerie : des méthodes qui se sont fondées sur l'analyse par vecteurs de changement, les détecteurs simples et la régression, des méthodes d'analyse de texture, d'analyse en composantes principales, d'analyse de formes, de différence de l'indice de végétation, et des ondelettes et finalement les méthodes de classification multi-dates directes, de comparaison post classification et de comparaison post classification flou, d'intelligence artificielle, de réseaux artificiels de neurones et des systèmes experts.\\ La détection de changement peut se faire entre deux images ayant différentes dates, tandis que le suivi de l'évolution de l'occupation du sol se fait à partir d'une multitude d'images multidates.L'application de l'approche a contrario en traitement d'images, repose sur la détection de structures non attendues. Ainsi, on peut détecter des "évènements" sans faire d'hypothèse sur la forme de ces événements, ce qui justifie le qualitatif de détection a contrario.Au cours de ce travail, nous avons appliqué l'approche a contrario pour faire le suivi de l'évolution de l'occupation du sol en combinant plusieurs indicateurs de changement.