bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances in In-Memory Computing: Exploring Memristor and Memtransistor Arrays with 2D Materials
Authors: Zhou Hangbo , Li Sifan , Ang Kah-Wee , Zhang Yong-Wei
Published: February 2024

The conventional computing architecture faces substantial challenges, including high latency and energy consumption between memory and processing units. In response, in-memory computing has emerged as a promising alternative architecture, enabling computing operations within memory arrays to overcome these limitations. Memristive devices have gained significant attention as key components for in-memory computing due to their high-density arrays, rapid response times, and ability to emulate biological synapses. Among these devices, two-dimensional (2D) material-based memristor and memtransistor arrays have emerged as particularly promising candidates for next-generation in-memory computing, thanks to their exceptional performance driven by the unique properties of 2D materials, such as layered structures, mechanical flexibility, and the capability to form heterojunctions. This review delves into the state-of-the-art research on 2D material-based memristive arrays, encompassing critical aspects such as material selection, device performance metrics, array structures, and potential applications. Furthermore, it provides a comprehensive overview of the current challenges and limitations associated with these arrays, along with potential solutions. The primary objective of this review is to serve as a significant milestone in realizing next-generation in-memory computing utilizing 2D materials and bridge the gap from single-device characterization to array-level and system-level implementations of neuromorphic computing, leveraging the potential of 2D material-based memristive devices.
Ultraconformable Integrated Wireless Charging Micro-Supercapacitor Skin
Authors: Gao Chang , You Qing , Huang Jiancheng , Sun Jingye , Yao Xuan , Zhu Mingqiang , Zhao Yang , Deng Tao
Published: February 2024

Conformable and wireless charging energy storage devices play important roles in enabling the fast development of wearable, non-contact soft electronics. However, current wireless charging power sources are still restricted by limited flexural angles and fragile connection of components, resulting in the failure expression of performance and constraining their further applications in health monitoring wearables and moveable artificial limbs. Herein, we present an ultracompatible skin-like integrated wireless charging micro-supercapacitor, which building blocks (including electrolyte, electrode and substrate) are all evaporated by liquid precursor. Owing to the infiltration and permeation of the liquid, each part of the integrated device attached firmly with each other, forming a compact and all-in-one configuration. In addition, benefitting from the controllable volume of electrode solution precursor, the electrode thickness is easily regulated varying from 11.7 to 112.5 μm. This prepared thin IWC-MSC skin can fit well with curving human body, and could be wireless charged to store electricity into high capacitive micro-supercapacitors (11.39 F cm−3) of the integrated device. We believe this work will shed light on the construction of skin-attachable electronics and irregular sensing microrobots.
Persistence in Tax Revenues: Evidence from Some OECD Countries
Authors: Caporale Guglielmo Maria , Tapia Silvia García , Gil-Alana Luis Alberiko
Published: February 2024

This paper examines persistence in tax revenues in a set of 21 OECD countries over the period 1965–2021 using long-range dependence techniques based on fractional integration. The results imply that there are only a few cases of mean reversion: one for total revenue (Switzerland); three for VAT (Belgium, Italy, and Spain), and six for tax on income (Austria, Belgium, Finland, Spain, Sweden and USA). The analysis is also carried out for inflation in the same set of countries. Again the I(1) hypothesis cannot be rejected in most cases, mean reversion only occurring in Korea, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. However, stronger evidence of mean reversion is found for the differences between the three original tax series and inflation compared to the tax series themselves, which points to the existence of a linkage between taxation and inflation, especially in the case of VAT and tax on income.
Numerical Simulation of Aluminum Foams by Space Holder Infiltration
Authors: Barragán De Los Rios German Alberto , Salazar Martínez Silvio Andrés , Mendoza Fandiño Emigdio , Fernández-Morales Patricia
Published: February 2024

This study explores the simulation and analysis of the infiltration process for manufacturing A356 aluminum alloy foams using vacuum pressure. The infiltration technique, known for its versatility in liquid-state metal processing, is widely employed for metal foam production due to its ease of application. The study investigates the relationship between the geometric parameters of the preform, system pressure, and filling times, revealing a correlation. The simulation using the Flow 3D software determines the pressure and vacuum time required to achieve successful aluminum foam without filling failures. Experimental validation through infiltration casting using NaCl as a removable preform aligns with the simulated results, yielding high-quality aluminum foam samples with diverse pore sizes (0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, and 2.0 mm), uniform and interconnected pore distribution, average porosity percentages of 65%, and a relative density of 0.35. The research contributes insights into optimizing the infiltration process for aluminum foam fabrication, bridging the gap in limited literature on cellular metals.
Application of imaging methods and the latest progress in sarcopenia
Authors: Li Chunli , Huang Yilong , Wang Haolei , Lu JiaHang , He Bo
Published: February 2024

Sarcopenia is a syndrome described as a progressive and generalized loss of muscle mass and strength, with decrease in physical performance. It is related to an increased risk of many adverse events, such as falls, fractures, osteoporosis, major postoperative complications, loss of quality of life, prolonged hospital stay, disability, and even death. Although sarcopenia can also be assessed using a handheld dynamometer and a short physical performance battery (SPPB); it has lower accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. Previous studies confirmed that imaging methods can serve as an important tool in the assessment of muscle mass and quality, and can even detect microscopic changes in muscle, achieving an early diagnosis of sarcopenia. Therefore, this article reviews the advantages and disadvantages of clinical and imaging assessment methods, specific applications, and the development of imaging techniques for the assessment of sarcopenia, including the currently unresolved problems.
Pareto Distribution-Based Shewhart Control Chart for Early Detection of Process Mean Shifts
Authors: Saghir Aamir , Rao Gadde Srinivasa , Aslam Muhammad , Janjua Azhar Ali
Published: February 2024

The Pareto distribution is of paramount importance in actuarial science, wealth distribution, finance, etc. This paper introduces a control chart inspired by Shewhart's methodology, designed for monitoring shifts in the Pareto distribution through a repetitive sampling approach. The chart employs a modified statistic that combines shape and threshold parameters as its plotting statistic. Coefficients for the Shewhart-type Pareto chart are computed for two-phase limits. The performance of the suggested chart is assessed in terms of run length characteristics, assuming a shift in the process mean. Additionally, we conduct an efficiency comparison with existing control charts. The findings suggest that, on average, the proposed Pareto chart demonstrates greater efficiency in promptly detecting changes compared to alternative methods. To illustrate the practical application of our approach, we present an example using revenue data.
Social Factors and L2 Phonetics and Phonology
Authors: Hansen Edwards Jette G.
Published: February 2024

This Element provides readers with a detailed overview of the social factors that affect second language (L2) phonology acquisition and use. Through a state-of-the art synthesis of the relevant literature, this Element addresses the following questions: What do we mean by social factors? Which social factors have been investigated in research on L2 phonological acquisition and use? How and why do social factors affect L2 phonological acquisition (production and perception) and use? What are the implications of the social factor findings for teaching L2 pronunciation? The Element answers these questions through a synthesis of key findings in research on social factors and L2 phonology. Conclusions and implications for teaching, as well as key readings and references, follow the research synthesis.
Imagining Advancement of Wilding Educational Policy: Reflections and Possibilities in Botswana
Authors: Matsagopane Yaone Duduetsang
Published: February 2024

This paper examines the notion of wilding pedagogy and its potential for comprehensive transformation through educational policy. This paper argues that given current unsustainable human practices, significant changes can be achieved by aligning education and policy. This paper begins by defining wilding pedagogies and providing an overview of Botswana’s background and prospects. It contends that Botswana has the potential to enhance the quality of education by promoting active and transformative learning experiences. Furthermore, this policy can lead to improved academic performance by acknowledging cultural linkages, honouring land, returning to a holistic approach aligned with the principles of the wild in education.
Private Military and Security Companies as a Legacy of War: Lessons Learned From the Former Yugoslavia
Authors: Aparac Jelena
Published: February 2024

The war in the former Yugoslavia produced many highly trained and experienced combatants, some of whom engaged not only in a variety of organized criminal activities such as the illicit trade of natural resources, trafficking and corruption, but also war crimes. In the post-war environment various criminal groups took advantage of post-conflict transition conditions which enabled them to be transformed into legitimate legal entities. The failure to investigate and hold to account those involved in criminal activity meant that demobilized soldiers turned to highly profitable, legally constituted private military and security companies (PMSCs). This is coupled with poorly designed security sector reforms that often fail to enhance effective and accountable security that is respectful of human rights. In recent years, similar transformations of many former combatants and criminal groups into legitimate PMSCs around the globe have raised new concerns about their growing activities across different sectors. This article uses the former Yugoslavia as an example from which to highlight some of the increasingly common problems posed by the creation of private military and security providers globally, as a result of the current uncoordinated processes to prevent armed conflicts. The article reflects on the need to avoid smart sanctions and use other foreign policy tools, while calling for an integrated approach to security sector reform and transitional justice that is necessary for sustainable peace.
Danish rundt ‘around’ as a postposition?
Authors: Nguyen Michael
Published: February 2024

In this squib, I provide arguments in favour of the view that Danish rundt is a postposition. The functional, semantic, and syntactic properties of adpositions are discussed, and I show that competing analyses of rundt are falsifiable while the postposition analysis itself is not falsified.
Luminescence anisotropy and vorticity magnitude of a free turbulent jet
Authors: Schmidt Markus J. , Rösgen Thomas
Published: February 2024

In the field of experimental fluid dynamics, the direct measurement of vorticity remains a challenge, even though it plays a crucial role in understanding turbulent flows. The present study explores the influence of the rotation of nanoparticles on their luminescence anisotropy as a potential novel measurement method. This relation opens a new field of flow diagnostics, based on the measurement of polarized intensity components. Potentially, the method allows for the direct measurement of the vorticity. For this, the canonical flow in this study is a turbulent round jet at

${{Re}} = {12\,000}$

and 14 400. It is confirmed that the flow regime has an influence on the luminescence anisotropy. Using a model of such deterministic rotations according to another work by the authors (Schmidt & Rösgen, Phys. Rev. Res., vol. 5, no. 3, 2023, 033006), the magnitude of the vorticity components is computed, since the presented set-up is limited to sensing the magnitude of these quantities. The computed components indicate the self-similarity of the vorticity magnitude. A large-eddy simulation is conducted for comparison with the experiments, demonstrating good agreement.
Minimal log discrepancies of hypersurface mirrors
Authors: Esser Louis
Published: February 2024

For certain quasismooth Calabi–Yau hypersurfaces in weighted projective space, the Berglund-Hübsch-Krawitz (BHK) mirror symmetry construction gives a concrete description of the mirror. We prove that the minimal log discrepancy of the quotient of such a hypersurface by its toric automorphism group is closely related to the weights and degree of the BHK mirror. As an application, we exhibit klt Calabi–Yau varieties with the smallest known minimal log discrepancy. We conjecture that these examples are optimal in every dimension.
The True Infinity of the Living: The Hegelian Infrastructure of Hägglund's This Life
Authors: Flenady Gene
Published: February 2024

Although the concept of ‘true infinity’ is undoubtedly central to Hegel's philosophy, the Anglophone rehabilitation of Hegel as a post-Kantian critical philosopher has avoided any sustained interpretive confrontation with the concept. In this paper, I provide a revisionary reconstruction of Hegelian true infinity by engaging with Martin Hägglund's argument in This Life (2019) for the centrality of finitude to Hegel's philosophy. For Hägglund, Hegel's philosophy effects a ‘secular reconciliation’ with finitude by demonstrating that our mortality is not a negative condition to be overcome; rather, mortality is constitutive of rational social agency or ‘spiritual life’. While Hägglund's interpretive emphasis on finitude prima facie occludes a consideration of the concept of true infinity, I show that Hägglund's understanding of spiritual life in terms of the dynamic of self-maintenance implicitly articulates a revisionary understanding of true infinity as instantiated in and through the activity of finite living rational beings. More specifically, I show that Hägglund's understanding of finitude as constitutive of spiritual life is grounded in three closely interrelated Hegelian meta-concepts, all of which Hegel derives in the second chapter of the Logic (‘Existence’): (a) the distinction between abstract and determinate negation; (b) the form of individuality as constituted through determinate negation; and (c) true infinity as the form of individuality understood in explicitly processual terms. I thus ground a deflationary interpretation of true infinity in Hegel's logical account of determinate individuality, and at the same time, contribute to This Life's ongoing critical reception by articulating its Hegelian logical infrastructure.
You Can't Spell Opinion without I: Toward a Hegelian Critical Theory of Opinion
Authors: Russell Eric-John
Published: February 2024

We naturally tend to think of our own opinions as akin to the coins we carry around in our pockets, transferable and yet inalienable. We may share or alter them, yet in form they remain fundamentally our own, sacrosanct as registers of our very sense of self. Hegel was aware of this relationship between opinion and subjectivity, and regarded such a bond as one of the great accomplishments of modernity itself. Yet for Hegel, excessive estimation of inwardness comes at a dangerous price. Truth reducible to subjective and arbitrary will, to caprice and without philosophical reflection, sets, in his view, a corrosive standard for ethics, politics and thinking itself. This essay will excavate from Hegel's corpus the conceptual groundwork for a critical theory of opinion relevant for the twenty-first century. The overall aim is to offer a holistic reading of Hegel's critique of opinion by drawing on both his early and late writings, tracking its appearance as an initial critique of subjectivism but subsequently developed in his political philosophy. We begin with Hegel's polemics during the Jena years and unearth opinion as an index for self-certitude. Second, we proceed to a focused analysis of Elements of the Philosophy of Right, paying particular attention to what Hegel describes as the contradiction of public opinion. Thirdly, Hegel's epistemological critique of opinion will be synthesized with his political critique of public opinion by returning to the category of certainty, not as a certainty found in an individual opinion, but a certainty in one's own subjective standpoint, while employing elements from Adorno's critique of epistemology. We will conclude by examining the contradiction of public opinion specifically in accordance with the historical conditions of civil society and therewith begin to situate the socio-epistemological problem of opinion as historically specific to capitalist society.
Antibiotic consumption in French nursing homes between 2018 and 2022: A multicenter survey
Authors: Bouges Ségolène , Jouzeau Amélie , Lieutier-Colas Florence , Péfau Muriel , Dugravot Lory , Rogues Anne-Marie , Simon Loic , Dumartin Catherine
Published: February 2024

Objectives:

Monitoring antibiotic consumption is a key component to steer antimicrobial stewardship programs, including in nursing homes. We analyzed changes in antibiotic consumption in French nursing homes during 5 years, including the COVID-19 pandemic, to identify potential priorities for improvement.

Design:

A multicenter survey was conducted between 2018 and 2022.

Setting:

The study was conducted across 220 French nursing homes with on-site pharmacies.

Method:

Antibiotic consumption data were collected from pharmacy records and are expressed as defined daily doses per 1,000 resident days. Antibiotic indicators promoted by health authorities were calculated from quantitative data to evaluate the quality of prescribing.

Results:

Antibiotic consumption significantly decreased between 2018 and 2022, particularly during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, despite a slight increase in 2022. During the study period, the most used antibiotic classes were penicillins (61.9% in 2022) followed by cephalosporins (10.5%), macrolides–lincosamides–streptogramins (7.3%) then fluoroquinolones (7.0%). Amoxicillin–clavulanic acid was the most consumed antibiotic; amoxicillin and ceftriaxone ranked second and third. Azithromycin consumption increased from 2020, as did the indicator regarding broad-spectrum antibiotics.

Conclusions:

The decreasing trend in antibiotic use and control of fluoroquinolone use over the study period suggest compliance with antibiotic use guidelines. However, changes in the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and the substantial use of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, although it is rarely a first-line antibiotic, highlight the need for antimicrobial stewardship activities and the usefulness of antibiotic consumption surveillance to identify priorities.
Abortion, Infanticide, and Choosing Parenthood
Authors: Singh Prabhpal
Published: February 2024

Some responses to analogies between abortion and infanticide appeal to Judith Jarvis Thomson's argument for the permissibility of abortion. I argue that these responses fail because a parallel argument can be constructed for the permissibility of infanticide. However, an argument on the grounds of a right to choose to become a parent can maintain that abortion is permissible but infanticide is not by recognizing the normative significance and nature of parenthood.
Yield improvement with antitranspirant application in droughted wheat associated with both reduced transpiration and reduced abscisic acid
Authors: Mphande W. , Farrell A. D. , Vickers L. H. , Grove I. G. , Kettlewell P. S.
Published: February 2024

In Mediterranean-type climates, terminal drought induces grain yield losses in wheat. Antitranspirants can reduce the impacts of terminal drought and improve yield, but the mechanisms involved are not fully understood. Among other impacts, drought elevates endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) concentration. Here, the effectiveness of a film antitranspirant (di-1-p-menthene) was studied in relation to plant water status and spike ABA. The objective was to determine whether drought amelioration with di-1-p-menthene was solely mediated through a reduction in ABA by comparing its effects to that of fluridone (an ABA inhibitor). The treatments were assessed in a randomized complete block design in two field experiments in spring and summer of 2020, with six and eight replicate blocks, respectively, at Harper Adams University, UK, to compare their effects on spike ABA, gas exchange and agronomic traits under progressive drought conditions. Di-1-p-menthene was applied at 1 l/ha; and fluridone at 10, 20 and 50 μM concentrations, at flag leaf emergence, growth stage 37 (GS37). Drought increased spike ABA and downregulated photosynthesis. Di-1-p-menthene and fluridone at some concentrations, reduced spike ABA and photosynthesis. Di-1-p-menthene suppressed transpiration and spike ABA, each by 21% but increased grain yield by 27%. In contrast, although fluridone (at 10 and 50 μM) also reduced spike ABA (by 16%), overall, it did not alter transpiration or grain yield. The results suggest that yield improvement with di-1-p-methene is mediated through mechanisms that involve conservation of plant water linked to reduced transpiration, with inhibition of spike ABA playing a secondary role.
Cochlear measurement in computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging data sets by the Otoplan measurement tool: a retrospective comparative study
Authors: Otte Martin Sylvester , Mueller Verena , Burkhardt Pauline , Endler Christoph Hans-Juergen , Klussmann Jens Peter , Luers Jan Christoffer , Grosheva Maria , Lang-Roth Ruth
Published: February 2024

Background

Using Otoplan software, it is possible to measure the cochlea before cochlear implant surgery. Until now, computed tomography (CT) of the cochlea has been necessary for this purpose. The aim of this study was to find out whether measuring the cochlea with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using Otoplan is possible with the same accuracy.

Methods

The cochlea of 44 patients of the local cochlear implant centre was measured by Otoplan using high-resolution CT-bone and MRI images, and the determined lengths were compared.

Results

No significant difference was found between the cochlear lengths measured, regardless of whether the length measurement was based on a CT or an MRI data set.

Conclusion

For the determination of cochlear length prior to cochlear implant surgery, MRI images are just as suitable as CT images, therefore CT is not mandatory for length measurement by Otoplan, which could reduce the patient's radiation exposure.
Sustaining gender: Natural resource management, conflict prevention, and the UN Sustaining Peace agenda in times of climate catastrophe
Authors: Ryan Caitlin , Martín de Almagro María
Published: February 2024

Climate change and its potentially violent consequences for international peace and security have transformed the United Nations (UN) approach to Sustaining Peace. One of the emblematic initiatives of this new approach is the UN Joint Programme for Women, Natural Resources, Climate, and Peace. We use feminist peace scholarship to consider what the recent debates about who builds peace and where peace is built in Peace Studies and Environmental Peacebuilding miss when they treat concepts of ‘scale’ and local natural resource management as gender-neutral and what this might tell us about the wider UN Peacebuilding agenda in which it is situated. We make three claims. First, we claim that gendered relations of power that leverage women for win–win opportunities of peace and gender equality (re)produce an idea of a feminised, self-contained local. Second, we demonstrate that this makes it possible to reproduce the dominant political order that privileges intervention, and the dominant economic order that is occupied with forcing ‘local’ economies to adapt their natural resource management strategies. Third, we argue that assuming that ‘the who’ and ‘the where’ of building peace is local makes it much harder to ask about how the conditions of possibility for violence transcend scales.
Perspectives on Communication Technology Use for Alleviating the Impact of COVID-19 on Hospitalized Patients’ Well-Being and Transitions in Care
Authors: Archibald Andrew , Spronk Elena , Potvin Sacha , Kovacs Burns Katharina , Moran Martin , Peng Hongwei J. , Raso Jim , Bahari Hosein , Khan Samina , Cruz Antonio Miguel , Sia Winnie
Published: February 2024

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic created many challenges for in-patient care including patient isolation and limitations on hospital visitation. Although communication technology, such as video calling or texting, can reduce social isolation, there are challenges for implementation, particularly for older adults.

Objective/Methods

This study used a mixed methodology to understand the challenges faced by in-patients and to explore the perspectives of patients, family members, and health care providers (HCPs) regarding the use of communication technology. Surveys and focus groups were used.

Findings

Patients who had access to communication technology perceived the COVID-19 pandemic to have more adverse impact on their well-beings but less on hospitalization outcomes, compared to those without. Most HCPs perceived that technology could improve programs offered, connectedness of patients to others, and access to transitions of care supports. Focus groups highlighted challenges with technology infrastructure in hospitals.

Discussion

Our study findings may assist efforts in appropriately adopting communication technology to improve the quality of in-patient and transition care.
Commentary
Authors: Cipolla Craig N.
Published: February 2024

Does non-anthropocentrism necessitate a turn away from marginalized people? This is a crucial question, asked lately by a growing number of archaeologists. Some see a turn toward things as a turn away from people, while others take a more nuanced view. Greer falls into the latter group, exploring this question by highlighting important contributions and corrections from Black Studies. Although the paper is framed as a challenge to posthumanism, I read it as a broad critique of non-anthropocentric approaches; after reflecting on these relationships over the last few years, I no longer draw strong associations between posthumanism and symmetrical archaeology, entanglement theory, or even ANT; for me, posthumanism involves a relatively greater degree of social and political concern than the others.
On Striving as Readers: A Response to Greer
Authors: Witmore Christopher
Published: February 2024

The capacity of northern European gentlemen scholars educated in the love of wisdom, human dignity, friendship and rationality to treat their fellow human beings with irreconcilable prejudice and hold to ghastly beliefs of racial superiority, which legitimated violence, exploitation and extermination elsewhere, is one of the great tragedies of humanism. That the images of the human cultivated in texts were at variance with the lived experience of those who were treated as other than human was rarely noted in the books they read. I appreciate Matthew Greer's efforts to bring these concerns to the fore. I am grateful for the opportunity to read Sylvia Wynter, among others, and to think about their work in counter-humanism. I stand with Greer who reminds us that, as archaeologists, we must do more than critique ideologies, fight for inclusion, and engage in dialogue as demanded by a radical pluralism (Shanks & Tilley 1992, 246). Equity, social justice, openness, and decolonization demand the sustained effort of us all, both in our capacity as archaeologists and as readers of texts.
Reply: Citational Politics and the Future of Posthumanist Archaeologies
Authors: Greer Matthew C.
Published: February 2024

I want to begin by thanking Craig Cipolla, Lindsay Montgomery, Susan Pollock, Kathleen Sterling and Christopher Witmore for their responses. I am honoured to be in conversation with such thoughtful and insightful scholars. In my reading, two main themes emerged from their comments—citational politics and what the future of posthumanist archaeologies might look like. To conclude our discussion of archaeology, Black studies and posthumanism, I will address each in turn.
Equitable access to evidence-based treatment for eating disorders for patients with low-income: identifying barriers and exploring solutions
Authors: Bailey-Straebler Suzanne , Glasofer Deborah R. , Ojeda Jessica , Attia Evelyn
Published: February 2024

Eating disorders are equally prevalent across socioeconomic status, and yet individuals facing socioeconomic adversity are far less likely to receive evidence-based treatments. A range of barriers contribute to this disparity, including limited awareness and provider training about eating disorders leading to underdiagnosis; a shortage of available services and long waitlists due to a lack of trained therapists, associated treatment costs (e.g. transportation expenses and costly treatment materials) and an insufficient understanding of the impact of an individual’s cultural context. While these barriers are experienced by many individuals with eating disorders, those with low income are particularly vulnerable. To ensure equitable access to effective eating disorder treatment, therapists should actively consider and address the barriers faced by these patients. In this paper, we share guidance based on our experience treating a socioeconomically diverse patient population, on factors to consider when extending the reach of recommended psychological treatments for eating disorders and suggest areas of future research. We emphasize the opportunities available to therapists to improve equity in eating disorders treatment by making accommodations that enhance access to existing evidence-based approaches rather than by making modifications to the treatments.

Key learning aims

(1)

To identify obstacles experienced by individuals with eating disorders and low income in accessing and engaging in treatment.

(2)

To learn practical strategies to reduce or eliminate barriers preventing the uptake of evidence-based psychological eating disorder interventions for individuals with low income.

(3)

To appreciate the intersectionality of low income with other factors impacting equity of eating disorder treatment access.
Which global constitution? The illiberal globalism of the US Supreme Court’s Dobbs decision
Authors: Espino Giuliano
Published: February 2024

Fostering global constitutional discourse has long been anathema to the conservative legal movement within the United States. In Dobbs v Jackson Women’s Health Services, which overturned Roe v Wade’s right to an abortion, the court’s conservative justices relied on a globalized analysis. In this article, I identify three potential hypotheses to explain this deviation from conservative orthodoxy. Dobbs’ conservative globalism could be explained by attitudinal preferences, legitimation concerns or the influence of illiberal legal networks. I compare the proceedings of Dobbs against Carson v Makin and Kennedy v Bremerton School District, the other significant Constitutional cases from the court’s 2021–22 term, to deal with religious issues. These two other cases did not feature global citations, despite such citations being able to advance the Justices’ policy preferences or blunt legitimation concerns. Lending credence to the illiberal network hypothesis, Alito’s Dobbs opinion was reliant on a unique amicus briefing by a global network of anti-abortion scholars advocating on behalf of the natural family. Such network campaigns were absent from the proceedings of Carson and Kennedy.
The Human Rights Committee at the Norwegian Psychological	Association
Authors: Sveaass Nora
Published: February 2024

Abstract. The close connection between psychology and human rights is discussed through a presentation of the Human Rights Committee in the Norwegian Psychological Association. The importance of human rights education for a human rights-based approach in psychology is highlighted. The article describes the political events and the strengthening of the international human rights field that inspired the establishment of the committee and the definition of its goals. Main areas are presented, such as the psychological needs of refugees and their rights in resettlement countries, including the right to rehabilitation of victims of torture and the situation for separated minors seeking asylum, and their need for protection and care. Furthermore, human rights in mental health care, focusing on the rights of persons with disabilities, as well as children’s rights, and state obligations to prevent violence and abuse are central concerns. The right not to be discriminated or marginalized is emphasized and the need for psychologists to be involved in protection against discrimination. An international perspective focusing on psychologists involved in human rights abuses or psychologists themselves under threat is discussed as part of the committee’s engagement. The close collaboration with civil society organizations has enabled the committee to work with alternative reports to international monitoring mechanisms as part of periodic reporting, both to UN Treaty bodies and to the UN Human Rights Council (Universal Periodic Review). Finally, the importance of human rights-based psychology, and how joint initiatives can strengthen respect and promotion of rights, are reflected upon.
Human Rights-Based Approach to Applied Psychology
Authors: Patel Nimisha
Published: February 2024

Abstract. This article addresses the nature and framework of human rights and its relevance to health care and to applied psychology. It outlines some of the limitations of human rights, but argues that human rights provide a tool for psychologists, one which can help defend the human rights of those we work with and support, and which can help promote the application of human rights principles in psychological practice. A human rights-based approach (HRBA) is defined, particularly in relation to applied psychology and implications for adopting a HRBA in clinical practice, research, advocacy, and pedagogy are outlined. The professional stance of practitioner-activist is posited as apt for using a HRBA in applied psychology.
How Dark Is the Core of Dark Personality Traits?
Authors: Ock Jisoo
Published: February 2024

Abstract: Previous research on the organizing structure of the Dark Triad (DT) personality traits has consistently found support for the presence of a strong commonality among the DT traits. However, such research has typically relied on a data collection method (e.g., single-source data, multiple traits measured together at the same time) that increases the likelihood of common method variance (CMV) that can artifactually increase the covariance between item scores. In the current study, we administered the 27-item Short Dark Triad (SD3) to 509 working adults in South Korea. Specifically, we added a procedural remedy to mitigate the effect of CMV (temporal separation of 2–5 days between measures), then used a bifactor model to extract a general core of the DT traits along with specific variance that is unique to each trait. Then, we calculated several model-based psychometric indices (omega coefficients, explained common variance) to examine the relative strength of the general and specific variances. Additionally, we examined the degree to which unique variance associated with each DT trait provides incremental validity beyond prediction provided by the commonality among the DT traits for predicting counterproductive work behavior. Results showed that the empirical overlap among the DT traits was not as strong as indicated in previous research.
Last Deglacial Environmental Change in the Tropical South Pacific From Tahiti Corals
Authors: Knebel Oliver , Felis Thomas , Asami Ryuji , Deschamps Pierre , Kölling Martin , Scholz Denis
Published: February 2024

On glacial‐interglacial time scales, changes in the Earth's orbital configuration control climate seasonality and mean conditions. Tropical coral skeletons can be sampled at a sufficient resolution to reconstruct past seasonality. Here, last deglacial Porites skeletons from Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 310 to Tahiti are investigated and, supported by a modern calibration, monthly resolved time series in geochemical proxies (Sr/Ca, δ18O, δ13C) are constructed. For most of the deglaciation, Sr/Ca seasonality was similar to modern (0.139 ± 0.010 mmol mol−1; 2.8 ± 0.2°C) reflecting the small change in insolation seasonality. However, during the Younger Dryas, high values in Sr/Ca seasonality (0.171 ± 0.017 mmol mol−1; 3.4 ± 0.3°C) suggest a reduced mixed layer depth and enhanced influence of the South Pacific Subtropical Gyre due to South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ) inactivity. Furthermore, high amplitudes in Younger Dryas skeletal δ18O (0.40 ± 0.22 ‰) and δ13C (0.86 ± 0.22 ‰) seasonality compared to modern (δ18O = 0.29 ± 0.08 ‰; δ13C = 0.27 ± 0.08 ‰) point to elevated winter‐summer discrepancies in rainfall and runoff. Mean coral Sr/Ca variability suggests an influence of Northern Hemisphere climate events, such as the Younger Dryas cooling (+0.134 ± 0.012 mmol mol−1;−2.6 ± 0.2°C), or the Bølling–Allerød warming (+0.032 ± 0.040 mmol mol−1; −0.6 ± 0.4°C). Deglacial mean coral Δδ18O (δ18Oseawater contribution to skeletal δ18O), corrected for the ice volume effect, was elevated pointing to more saline, thus dryer conditions, likely due to a northward migration of the SPCZ. Seasonal cycles in coral δ13C were likely caused by variations in linear extension rates that were reduced during the last deglaciation (1.00 ± 0.6 cm year−1) compared to today (1.6 ± 0.3 cm year−1).
Energetic Particle Precipitation in Sub‐Auroral Polarization Streams
Authors: Artemyev Anton V. , Zou Ying , Zhang Xiao‐Jia , Meng Xing , Angelopoulos Vassilis
Published: February 2024

Sub‐auroral polarization streams (SAPS) are one of the most intense manifestations of magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling. Magnetospheric energy transport to the ionosphere within SAPS is associated with Poynting flux and the precipitation of thermal energy (0.03–30 keV) plasma sheet particles. However, much less is known about the precipitation of high‐energy (≥50 keV) ions and electrons and their contribution to the low‐altitude SAPS physics. This study examines precipitation within one SAPS event using a combination of equatorial THEMIS and low‐altitude DMSP and ELFIN observations, which, jointly, cover from a few eV up to a few MeV energy range. Observed SAPS are embedding the ion isotropy boundary, which includes strong 300–1,000 keV ion precipitation. SAPS are associated with intense precipitation of relativistic electrons (≤3 MeV), well equatorward of the electron isotropy boundary. Such relativistic electron precipitation is likely due to electron scattering by electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves at the equator.
A Study on Key Determinants in Enhancing Storm Surges Along the Coast: Interplay Between Tropical Cyclone Motion and Coastal Geometry
Authors: Qian Xiaojuan , Hwang Sooncheol , Son Sangyoung
Published: February 2024

Generalizing the relationship between cyclonic features and storm surges remains challenging because previous studies have produced diverse results for different regions and historical events. We implemented Delft3D‐FM simulations and examined the synthetic effects of translation speed Vt and landfall angle α on maximum surge height (MSH) along an open coast and bay. By simulating idealized cases with varying Vt and α, we found that fast translation of a tropical cyclone (TC) magnified the MSH, with the most extreme MSH occurring when the landfall angle was almost perpendicular to the coastline. In addition, the simultaneous presence of smaller α and slower Vt conditions for a TC can trigger coastally trapped waves arriving ahead of its landfall. The impacts of the Proudman and Greenspan resonances contribute substantially to the MSH, depending on the conditions of the TCs and their topographies. We quantitatively assessed the effect of coastline geometry, and the results revealed that the morphological ratio influenced the MSH. Our findings suggest that the synthetic effects of cyclonic and topographic factors are critical for generating resonance and trapped waves that can modify main surges. The application of our findings from idealized cases to realistic cases based on historical TC indicates their applicability to storm surge risk assessment. Finally, we conducted a factor‐based diagnosis for the rapid evaluation of MSH, which can provide insightful references for future storm surge mitigation.
Seasonal Prediction of Regional Arctic Sea Ice Using the High‐Resolution Climate Prediction System CMA‐CPSv3
Authors: Dai Panxi , Chu Min , Guo Dong , Lu Yixiong , Liu Xiangwen , Wu Tongwen , Li Qiaoping , Wu Renguang
Published: February 2024

Sea ice is a central part of the Arctic climate system, and its changes have a significant impact on the Earth's climate. Yet, its state, especially in summer, is not fully understood and correctly predicted in dynamical forecast systems. In this study, the seasonal prediction skill of Arctic sea ice is investigated in a high‐resolution dynamical forecast system, the China Meteorological Administration Climate Prediction System (CMA‐CPSv3). A 7‐month‐long retrospective forecast is made every other month from 2001 to 2021. Employing the anomaly correlation coefficient as the metric of the prediction skill, we show that CMA‐CPSv3 can predict regional Arctic sea ice extent and sea ice thickness up to 7 lead months. The Bering Sea exhibits the highest prediction skill among the 14 Arctic subregions. CMA‐CPSv3 outperforms the anomaly persistence forecast in the Bering Sea, Sea of Okhotsk, Laptev Sea, and East Siberian Sea. The sources of the sea ice prediction skill partly come from the good performance of upper ocean temperature in CMA‐CPSv3. This holds true not only for winter sea ice in the Arctic marginal seas but also for summer sea ice in several Arctic central seas. Furthermore, CMA‐CPSv3 exhibits a strong relationship between the variability of sea ice and surface heat fluxes. This underscores the importance of enhancing the representation of air‐sea heat exchanges in dynamical forecast systems to improve the prediction skill of sea ice.
Laboratory Observation of the Buffering Effect of Aragonite Dissolution at the Seafloor
Authors: van de Mortel H. , Delaigue L. , Humphreys M. P. , Middelburg J. J. , Ossebaar S. , Bakker K. , Alexandre J. P. Trabucho , van Leeuwen‐Tolboom A. W. E. , Wolthers M. , Sulpis O.
Published: February 2024

Carbon dioxide entering and acidifying the ocean can be neutralized by the dissolution of calcium carbonate, which is mainly found in two mineral forms. Calcite is the more stable form and is often found in deep‐sea sediments, whilst aragonite is more soluble and therefore rarely preserved. Recent research shows aragonite may account for a much larger portion of marine calcium carbonate export to the ocean interior via the biological pump than previously thought, and that aragonite does reach the deep sea and seafloor despite rarely being buried. If aragonite is present and dissolving at the seafloor it will raise local pH and calcium and carbonate concentrations, potentially enough to inhibit calcite dissolution, representing a deep‐sea, carbonate version of galvanization. Here, we test this hypothesis by simulating aragonite dissolution at the sediment‐water interface in the laboratory and measuring its effects on pH using microsensors. We show that the addition of aragonite to calcite sediment, overlain by seawater undersaturated with respect to both minerals, results in an unchanged alkalinity flux out of the dissolving sediment, suggesting a decrease the net dissolution rate of calcite. In combination with a diagenetic model, we show that aragonite dissolution can suppress calcite dissolution in the top millimeters of the seabed, locally leading to calcite precipitation within 1 day. Future research efforts should quantify this galvanization effect in situ, as this process may represent an important component of the marine carbon cycle, assigning a key role to aragonite producers in controlling ocean alkalinity and preserving climatic archives.
Late morbidity and mortality after autologous blood or marrow transplantation for lymphoma in children, adolescents and young adults—a BMTSS report
Authors: Holmqvist Anna Sällfors , Meng Qingrui , Dai Chen , Hageman Lindsey , Landier Wendy , Wu Jessica , Francisco Liton F. , Ross Elizabeth Schlichting , Balas Nora , Bosworth Alysia , Te Hok Sreng , Bhatia Ravi , Rosenthal Joseph , Wong F. Lennie , Weisdorf Daniel , Armenian Saro H. , Bhatia Smita
Published: February 2024

We determined the risk of late morbidity and mortality after autologous blood or marrow transplantation (BMT) for lymphoma performed before age 40. The cohort included autologous BMT recipients who had survived ≥2 years after transplantation (N = 583 [HL = 59.9%; NHL = 40.1%]) and a comparison cohort (N = 1070). Participants self-reported sociodemographics and chronic health conditions. A severity score (grade 3 [severe], 4 [life threatening] or 5 [fatal]) was assigned to the conditions using CTCAE v5.0. Logistic regression estimated the odds of grade 3–4 conditions in survivors vs. comparison subjects. Proportional subdistribution hazards models identified predictors of grade 3–5 conditions among BMT recipients. Median age at BMT was 30.0 years (range: 2.0–40.0) and median follow-up was 9.8 years (2.0–32.1). Survivors were at a 3-fold higher adjusted odds for grade 3–4 conditions (95% CI = 2.3–4.1) vs. comparison subjects. Factors associated with grade 3–5 conditions among BMT recipients included age at BMT (>30 years: adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 2.31; 95% CI = 1.27–4.19; reference: ≤21 years), pre-BMT radiation (aHR = 1.52; 95% CI = 1.13–2.03; reference: non-irradiated), and year of BMT (≥2000: aHR = 0.54; 95% CI = 0.34–0.85; reference: <1990). The 25 years cumulative incidence of relapse-related and non-relapse-related mortality was 18.2% and 25.9%, respectively. The high risk for late morbidity and mortality after autologous BMT for lymphoma performed at age <40 calls for long-term anticipatory risk-based follow-up.