bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differenzialdiagnostik nicht-entzündlicher Gelenkschmerzen/-schwellungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen
Authors: Hügle Boris
Published: May 2019

Muskuloskelettale Symptome der Gelenke sind ein häufiger Grund für Vorstellungen beim Kinderarzt, für die betroffenen Kinder jedoch nicht selten schwer zu beschreiben. Der untersuchende Arzt muss dann erkennen, ob die Gelenkschmerzen durch eine entzündliche oder nicht-entzündliche Erkrankung verursacht werden. Eine sorgfältige Anamnese kann wertvolle Hinweise auf die zugrundeliegende Ursache geben, die durch die körperliche Untersuchung weiter eingeengt werden kann. Insbesondere das Alter, das Schmerzmuster mit Tagesrhythmik und die Begleitsymptome sowie der Allgemeinzustand des Kindes helfen dem geübten Untersucher rasch weiter. Auch wenn das Spektrum der nicht-entzündlichen Gelenkerkrankungen weit und die Liste v. a. seltener Differenzialdiagnosen lang ist, lohnt es sich, einen Überblick über die häufigsten Ursachen zu behalten, um rasch zielgerichtete Untersuchungen zu veranlassen und überflüssige Diagnostik zu vermeiden. Wichtige Bereiche, die in die differenzialdiagnostischen Überlegungen einbezogen werden, sind v. a. maligne Erkrankungen, orthopädische Erkrankungen und chronische Schmerzstörungen. Aber auch alimentäre und andere Erkrankungen können im Kindesalter zu Gelenk- und Muskelschmerzen führen.
Therapierefraktäres atopisches Ekzem − erfolgreiche Therapie mit Dupilumab
Authors: Meinel G. , Berndt K. , Heyne S. , Laske J. , Proske U. , Günther C. , Abraham S. , Beissert S. , Bauer A.
Published: May 2019

Bis vor Kurzem standen zur Behandlung der atopischen Dermatitis, im Gegensatz zur Psoriasis vulgaris, keine Biologika zur Verfügung, sodass die therapeutischen Möglichkeiten, insbesondere bei schweren Verläufen und fehlendem Ansprechen auf die bisher einzige zugelassene Systemtherapie mit Ciclosporin A, sehr begrenzt waren. Mit Dupilumab ist seit Januar 2018 erstmals ein Biologikum zur Behandlung der atopischen Dermatitis zugelassen. Hierbei handelt es sich um einen vollständig humanen monoklonalen Antikörper gegen die Alpha-Untereinheit des Interleukin (IL)-4-Rezeptors, wodurch die IL-4/IL-13-Signalwege gehemmt werden. Hier beschreiben wir den Fall eines 46-jährigen asiatischen Patienten mit einer schweren therapierefraktären atopischen Dermatitis sowie einer nebenbefundlich bestehenden eosinophilen pustulösen Follikulitis und den Verlauf seiner Erkrankung unter Dupilumab.
Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Events with Aspirin: Toward More Harm than Benefit—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Christiansen Mikael , Grove Erik Lerkevang , Hvas Anne-Mette
Published: May 2019

Primary prevention of cardiovascular events with aspirin remains controversial, as the risk of bleeding might outweigh the benefits. Recently, new evidence has emerged from the ARRIVE (Aspirin to Reduce Risk of Initial Vascular Events), ASCEND (A Study of Cardiovascular Events in Diabetes), and ASPREE (Effect of Aspirin on Cardiovascular Events and Bleeding in the Healthy Elderly) trials. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of aspirin's efficacy and safety in the primary prevention of cardiovascular events in healthy individuals and in individuals with cardiovascular risk factors, and separately in those with diabetes. The Medline database was searched, without time restrictions, for relevant human trials published in English up to December 10, 2018, and additional trials were identified from reference lists. Data on efficacy (cardiovascular death and nonfatal myocardial infarction) and safety (major bleeding) were extracted for analysis. In total, 20 randomized trials were identified. Separate meta-analyses were performed on 10 trials including 144,930 individuals, who were healthy or had cardiovascular risk factors, and on 4 trials including 20,326 individuals with diabetes. In healthy individuals and individuals with cardiovascular risk factors, aspirin reduced the risk of nonfatal myocardial infarction by 21% (p < 0.001), but had no effect on cardiovascular death (p = 0.52), and increased the risk of major bleeding by 48% (p < 0.001). In individuals with diabetes, aspirin had no effect on nonfatal myocardial infarction (p = 0.93) or cardiovascular death (p = 0.92) and increased the risk of bleeding by 49% (p = 0.13). This meta-analysis suggests that aspirin should not be used on a routine basis in the primary prevention of cardiovascular events, especially in individuals with diabetes.
Statin Therapy to Revert Hypercoagulability and Prevent Venous Thromboembolism: A Narrative Review
Authors: Orsi Fernanda A. , Cannegieter Suzanne C. , Lijfering Willem M.
Published: May 2019

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) causes a major disease burden worldwide, so that effective preventive measures are warranted. Although oral anticoagulation is effective in preventing VTE episodes, bleeding complications are a major concern that may lead to treatment avoidance. Statin therapy, which is widely used for prevention of arterial cardiovascular disease, is a promising alternative treatment for VTE prophylaxis, as the drug may affect hemostasis without increasing the risk of bleeding. In the past years, clinical studies have suggested that statins can interfere with blood coagulation and, in turn, reduce the risk of VTE. These effects, however, are still regarded with skepticism, as the underlying mechanisms by which statins may affect hemostasis in humans are not clear and data showing that statin therapy reduces VTE risk mostly came from observational studies, while only one randomized trial was conducted to evaluate this issue. In this review, the authors summarize the currently available evidence regarding the effect of statin therapy on coagulation and on VTE prevention. Recent randomized data showed that statin therapy, in particular rosuvastatin, leads to decreased levels of coagulation factors in patients with prior VTE. This evidence provides a reasonable basis for interventional studies necessary to establish the efficacy of statins on reducing the risk of incident and recurrent VTE.
Gesundheitstextilien auf dem Vormarsch: Mit Silber und HighTech für eine bessere Gesundheit
Authors: Grether Thomas
Published: May 2019

Technische Gewebe können viel mehr als nur gut aussehen oder wärmen. Kleine und mittelständische sächsische Unternehmen hauchen Textilien Funktionen ein, zum Beispiel helfen Silberfäden in Textilien dabei, multiresistente Erreger in Kliniken zu bekämpfen. kma hat bei der Expertin Dr. Claudia Scholta nachgefragt.
Medizinstudium: Vom Mekong an die Oker
Authors: Jünger Jana , Förstermann Ulrich , Nguyen Si Huyen
Published: May 2019

Krankenhäuser setzen verstärkt auch auf Ärzte aus dem Ausland. Doch wie lässt sich eine Vergleichbarkeit der Abschlüsse und Qualifikationen gewährleisten? Ein Kooperationsstudiengang zwischen einer Uniklinik in Ho-Chi-Minh-Stadt (Vietnam) und der Universitätsmedizin Mainz zeigt, wie es gehen könnte.
Gesundheitssystem der Zukunft: In Zeiten des digitalen Wandels
Authors: Völker Ingrid , Fink Ulf
Published: May 2019

Der Hauptstadtkongress Medizin und Gesundheit ist das bedeutendste Kongressereignis des deutschen Gesundheitswesens. „Gesundheitspolitik, Gesundheitsversorgung, Gesundheitsberufe in Zeiten des digitalen Wandels“ lautet in diesem Jahr das Motto des Kongresses.
Krankenhaus klinik Rehabilitation 2019: Gesundheitswirtschaft im Rückwärtsgang?
Authors: Lohmann Heinz
Published: May 2019

Ist die große Zeit der Geschäftsführer in den Krankenhäusern vorbei? Sind wieder Oberamtsräte längst vergangener Tage gefragt? Ersetzen, wie früher schon einmal, Gesetze und Verordnungen betriebliche Entscheidungen? Wer das verhindern will, muss mutig handeln! Unternehmerische Manager sind gefragt.
Deutsches Ärzteforum 2019: Digitalisierung: Medizin in neuer Dimension
Authors: Ekkernkamp Axel
Published: May 2019

Die digitale Transformation des Gesundheitswesens ist enorm vorangekommen: Was noch vor Jahren als Utopie galt, ist inzwischen Realität. Es haben sich ungeahnte Möglichkeiten in Diagnostik und Behandlung ergeben; jetzt gilt es abzuwägen, was uns in der Patientenversorgung wirklich weiterbringt.
Gesetzliche Krankenversicherung: Tag der Versicherungen – Hauptstadtkongress Medizin und Gesundheit
Authors: Elsner Ulrike
Published: May 2019

Die Nutzung neuer digitaler Möglichkeiten steht bei allen Akteuren des Gesundheitswesens ganz oben auf der Agenda. Für die Ersatzkassen ist dabei wichtig, dass alle Versicherten von sinnvollen E-Health-Angeboten profitieren können.
Deutsche Rentenversicherung Bund: Rehabilitation bietet Pflegekräften mehr
Authors: Gross Brigitte
Published: May 2019

Fachkräftemangel, längere Lebenserwartung, späteres Renteneintrittsalter und demografischer Wandel sind die Herausforderungen unserer Zeit. In diesem Zusammenhang gewinnen die Leistungen zur Rehabilitation der Deutschen Rentenversicherung immer mehr an Bedeutung.
Surface solvation and hindered isomerization at the water/silica interface explored with second harmonic generation
Authors: Purnell Grace E. , Walker Robert A.
Published: May 2019

Resonantly enhanced second harmonic generation (SHG) spectra of Coumarin 152 (C152) adsorbed at the water-silica interface show that C152 experiences a local dielectric environment slightly more polar than that of bulk water. This result stands in contrast to recently reported time-resolved fluorescence experiments and simulations that suggest an alkane-like permittivity for interfacial water at strongly associating, hydrophilic solid surfaces. Taken together, these results imply that while the static electric field across the aqueous-silica interface may be large, restricted water dynamics lead to apparent nonpolar solvation behavior similar to that experienced by solutes in confinement. Resonance-enhanced SHG spectra and time-resolved fluorescence of C152 adsorbed to aqueous-hydrophobic silica surfaces show that when water’s ability to hydrogen bond with the silica surface is eliminated, a solute’s interfacial solvation and corresponding ability to photoisomerize converge to an intermediate limit similar to that experienced in bulk acetone or methanol. While water structure and dynamics at solid-liquid interfaces have received considerable attention, results presented below show how strong solvent-substrate interactions can create conflicting pictures of solute reactivity across buried interfaces.
Crystalline anisotropy associated with a second antiferromagnetic phase in the absence of spin density wave in the heavily hydrogen-doped LaFeAsO1−xHx (x∼0.5)
Authors: Hesani Mehdi , Yazdani Ahmad , Rahimi Kourosh
Published: May 2019

Electronic and magnetic properties of the heavily H-doped LaFeAsO1−xHx (x∼0.5) were studied in the framework of the density functional theory combined with the dynamical mean field theory. We found a stripe-like-ordered structure of hydrogen and oxygen atoms, as the ground state, in a 2 a×2b×c supercell, with the same configuration as the antiferromagnetic order. The new configuration could explain the existing experimental results related to the heavily H-doped LaFeAsO1−xHx, such as the in-plane electronic anisotropy and the nonuniform magnetic behavior. A significant anisotropy was observed between Fe-3dxz (xz) and Fe-3dyz (yz) orbitals in the ground state in the absence of the pseudogap resulting from the spin density wave phase, which was found to originate from the crystalline anisotropy. Magnetic moments were not spatially uniform and were sensitive to the crystal configuration. We found that the nonuniform magnetic behavior is associated with the As–Fe–As bond angle in the structure. Our findings would clarify the importance of crystal details and orbital degrees of freedom in iron-based superconductors.
Direct observation of magnetism controlled by electric fields for CoFeB mesoscopic islands on PMN-PT
Authors: Liu Yan , Li Peisen , Zhang Sen , Wu Liang , Wu Hao , Li Dalai
Published: May 2019

Electric field control of magnetism at the microscopic scale is vital for high-density magnetic storage, and has developed rapidly in recent years. Here, we report three types of magnetic responses under in situ electric fields for different mesoscopic CoFeB islands on one PMN-PT single crystal, including Type I, which shows no changes of the magnetic hysteresis under different electric fields, Type II, which shows obvious changes and remains after the electric fields are removed, and Type III, which displays a combined behavior of Type I and Type II. In addition, Type II displays four subtypes according to the relation between coercivity and remanence ratio. These phenomena can be attributed to 109° or 180°/71° ferroelectric domain switching, as well as the complex magnetization reversal mechanism.
Supervised learning of an opto-magnetic neural network with ultrashort laser pulses
Authors: Chakravarty A. , Mentink J. H. , Davies C. S. , Yamada K. T. , Kimel A. V. , Rasing Th.
Published: May 2019

The explosive growth of data and its related energy consumption is pushing the need to develop energy-efficient brain-inspired schemes and materials for data processing and storage. Here, we demonstrate experimentally that Co/Pt films can be used as artificial synapses by manipulating their magnetization state using circularly polarized ultrashort optical pulses at room temperature. We also show an efficient implementation of supervised perceptron learning on an opto-magnetic neural network, built from such magnetic synapses. Importantly, we demonstrate that the optimization of synaptic weights can be achieved using a global feedback mechanism, such that the learning does not rely on external storage or additional optimization schemes. These results suggest that there is high potential for realizing artificial neural networks using optically controlled magnetization in technologically relevant materials, which can learn not only fast but also energy-efficient.
High-resolution infrared spectroscopy of jet cooled trans-deuteroxycarbonyl (trans-DOCO) radical
Authors: Kortyna A. , Nesbitt D. J.
Published: May 2019

The rovibrational spectrum of jet cooled trans-deuteroxycarbonyl (trans-DOCO) radical has been explored at suppressed-Doppler resolution via direct infrared absorption spectroscopy. The trans-DOCO is produced in a supersonic slit discharge of rare-gas/CO mixture doped with D2O, whereby the OD forms an energized adduct with CO, cooling in the supersonic expansion and stabilizing DOCO in the trans well. Active laser-frequency stabilization and collisional quenching of Doppler broadening along the slit axis yield <10 MHz frequency precision, with the absorbance noise approaching the quantum shot-noise limit. The current high-resolution spectral results are in excellent agreement with recent studies of the trans-DOCO radical by infrared frequency comb spectroscopy under room temperature conditions [Bui et al., Mol. Phys. 116, 3710 (2018)]. Combined with previous microwave/millimeter wave rotational studies, the suppressed-Doppler infrared data permit characterization of the vibrational ground state, improved structural parameters for the OD stretch vibrational level, and trans-DOCO spin-rotation information in both ground and excited vibrational states. Additionally, the infrared data reveal a-type and much weaker b-type contributions to the spectrum, analysis of which yields orientation of the OD stretch transition dipole moment in the body fixed frame. Of dynamical interest is whether the nascent trans-DOCO complex formed in the entrance channel has sufficient time to convert into the cis-DOCO isomer, or whether this is quenched by rapid stabilization into the trans-DOCO well. Ab initio and Rice–Ramsperger–Kassel–Marcus analysis of the intrinsic reaction coordinate for trans-DOCO to cis-DOCO interconversion rates supports the latter scenario, which helps explain the failure of previous high resolution infrared efforts to detect cis-hydroxycarbonyl.
Reorientation-induced Stokes shifts caused by directional interactions in electronic spectroscopy: Fast dynamics of poly(methyl methacrylate)
Authors: Thomaz Joseph E. , Kramer Patrick L. , Fica-Contreras Sebastian M. , Hoffman David J. , Fayer Michael D.
Published: May 2019

Dynamic Stokes shift measurements report on structural relaxation, driven by a dipole created in a chromophore by its excitation from the ground electronic state to the S1 state. Here, we demonstrate that it is also possible to have an additional contribution from orientational relaxation of the Stokes shift chromophore. This effect, called reorientation-induced Stokes shift (RISS), can be observed when the reorientation of the chromophore and the solvent structural relaxation occur on similar time scales. Through a vector interaction, the electronic transition of the chromophore couples to its environment. The orientational diffusive motions of the chromophores will have a slight bias toward reducing the transition energy (red shift) as do the solvent structural diffusive motions. RISS is manifested in the polarization-dependence of the fluorescence Stokes shift using coumarin 153 (C153) in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). A similar phenomenon, reorientation-induced spectral diffusion (RISD), has been observed and theoretically explicated in the context of two dimensional infrared (2D IR) experiments. Here, we generalize the existing RISD theory to include properties of electronic transitions that generally are not present in vibrational transitions. Expressions are derived that permit determination of the structural dynamics by accounting for the RISS contributions. Using these generalized equations, the structural dynamics of the medium can be measured for any system in which the directional interaction is well represented by a first order Stark effect and RISS or RISD is observed. The theoretical results are applied to the PMMA data, and the structural dynamics are obtained and discussed.
Functionalized benzazines as luminescent materials and components for optoelectronics
Authors: Nosova Emiliya V. , Achelle Sylvain , Lipunova Galina N. , Charushin Valery N. , Chupakhin Oleg N.
Published: May 2019

Extensive research on the synthesis and application of benzazine derivatives for electronic devices, luminescent elements, photoelectric conversion elements, and image sensors has been published recently. This review covers article data obtained within the period 2012 – 2018 on the synthesis and optical properties of functionalized quinolines, quinoxalines and quinazolines. Arylvinyl, arylethynyl and (het)aryl derivatives of these benzazines, their photoluminescence and photoisomerization are discussed. Examples of photosensitive annelated, oligo- and polymeric benzazines and also coordination compounds with benzazine ligands are reviewed.

The bibliography includes 267 references.
Billiards bounded by arcs of confocal quadrics on the Minkowski plane
Authors: Karginova E. E.
Published: May 2019

Billiards are considered in compact domains on a Minkowski plane whose boundary consists of arcs of confocal quadrics with angles at corner points

. A classification is obtained for these billiards, called simple billiards. The first integrals and trajectories of the motion of a ball in simple billiards are described. The Fomenko-Zieschang invariants are calculated for every simple billiard, and a theorem is proved which shows that only three different Liouville foliations of simple billiards exist on the Minkowski plane.

Bibliography: 23 titles.
Age, growth and maturity of the Australian blackspot shark (Carcharhinus coatesi) in the Gulf of Papua
Authors: Baje Leontine , Smart Jonathan J. , Grant Michael I. , Chin Andrew , White William T. , Simpfendorfer Colin A.
Published: May 2019

Small-bodied coastal sharks are often caught as by-catch in fishing operations. Life-history information for these sharks is needed to ascertain the level at which these populations are potentially affected by fishing. This study determined the age, growth and maturity of Carcharhinus coatesi captured by prawn trawlers in the Gulf of Papua. Using vertebral aging and an information-theoretic multimodel approach, the von Bertalanffy growth model fit the data best; parameters were L0=40.6cm±0.8, L∞=74.8cm±2.1, k=0.33year−1±0.06. Length-at-maturity analysis indicated that males reach maturity at L50=66.3cm (CI: 63.8, 71.4) and L95=71.6 (CI: 64.6, 74.2) cm while females matured at L50=71.4cm (CI: 61.5, 72.01) and L95=72.5cm (CI: 62.7, 74.0). Age-at-maturity estimates showed that both males (A50=5.1 years (CI: 4.6, 7.1), A95=6.4 years (CI: 5.1, 7.2)) and females (A50=5.3 years (CI: 3.5, 8.7), A95=7.4 years (CI: 3.6, 8.8)) reach maturity at about the same age. This study addresses the need for specific life-history information for a data-deficient species in a region that has remained relatively under-researched but in need of ongoing improvements to fisheries management.
Sort of in Australian English
Authors: Mulder Jean , Penry Williams Cara , Moore Erin
Published: May 2019

This study examines the pragmatic functions of sort of in Australian English (AuE), utilising
discourse from 12 months of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation’s television program Q&A. It explores the
frequency of sort of uses in context with a focus on multifunctionality. Uses are classified in a data-based
schema which synthesises the previously described pragmatic functions of sort of and locates these within Zhang’s (2015) Elastic Language framework. The article thus provides an understanding of
the pragmatic functions of sort of in public discussion contexts within AuE, arguing, most notably, that
sort of performs five of Zhang’s six functions, rather than just the two previously reported, and that in
accounting for the complex uses of this pragmatic marker, a wider range of subtypes needs to be distinguished within two of the
functions.
Pragmatic functions of ‘sort of’ in Persian
Authors: Parvaresh Vahid , Sheikhan Sayyed Amir
Published: May 2019

It goes without saying that as a pragmatic phenomenon, vagueness has over the past few years been a topic of extensive research. However, a huge gap still exists when it comes to the investigation of how vagueness is expressed across different languages and cultures. In the present study, we have put under scrutiny the pragmatic functions of ‘sort of’, a vague expression, in Persian conversation with a view to making cross-linguistic comparisons between different languages possible. Besides confirming the fact that the vague item ‘sort of’ enables interactants to fulfil a wide variety of functions in interactional settings, particularly in face-to-face interactions, the current study reveals that the expression in question can also serve to signal ‘a moment of awkwardness’ as well as the presence of ‘inferable information’. With the former function, ‘sort of’ signals that the speaker is experiencing a feeling of inconvenience and embarrassment. When used as an inferable information signal, however, ‘sort of’ indicates that the utterance has been inferred from the previous or current exchange.
‘Sort of’ in Indonesian television discourse
Authors: Purwanti Indah Tri
Published: May 2019

Expressing vagueness is a common phenomenon especially in spoken discourse. The present paper examines vague
language ‘sort of’ (e.g., kayak gitu) realised in spoken discourse in Indonesian. It accounts for the pragmatic
functions of ‘sort of’ examined in their discourse context. The data under investigation include a 24-hour corpus of a television
talk-show discussing various social issues. A pragmatic qualitative data analysis is predominantly employed directed towards a
functional analysis of the use of ‘sort of’. Descriptive statistics accompany the qualitative analysis to reinforce the
investigation. The quantitative analysis shows that ‘sort of’ was infrequently used in the context of Indonesian television
discourse. The corpus displays various forms of lexical devices for ‘sort of’ in Indonesian. The pragmatic analysis shows that
‘sort of’ was employed as a politeness strategy to tone down strong linguistic expressions and to save the speaker’s positive
face. The infrequent use of ‘sort of’ in the discourse type under investigation in this study reinforces the notion that ‘sort of’
is a feature of informal interaction.
Crowdsourcing localisation for non-profit projects
Authors: Wille Tabea De , Schäler Reinhard , Exton Chris , Exton Geraldine
Published: May 2019

Trommons is an open-source, web-based platform administered by
The Rosetta Foundation. The Rosetta Foundation has worked since 2009 to
eradicate the information gap faced by communities under-served by commercial
localisation, by making information accessible in the languages of those
communities. In recent years we have conducted several studies into crowdsourced
volunteer translation from the perspective of the client organisations. In this
paper we are reporting on the finding of those studies, which include two survey
questionnaires as well as semi-structured interviews with representatives of the
non-profit organisations and staff at the Rosetta Foundation. The studies
conducted provide insights into the following questions: Do organisations work
with volunteers, and why? What reasons would make them not work with volunteers?
What expectations do organisations have of volunteers, as well as a platform
like Trommons, and are those expectations being met? What are the interactions
between organisations and staff at the Rosetta Foundation?
The development of obligatory liaison in early L2 learners of French
Authors: Splendido Frida
Published: May 2019

Studies on the acquisition of Frenchliaisonhave primarily focused on monolingual children or adult second language (L2) learners in a university context. To bridge the gap between these two populations, the present article focuses on child L2 (cL2) learners – a particularly interesting group, since they are L2 learners who, unlike adults, do not have access to writing. How doesliaisondevelop in cL2 French? Is the development more similar to L1 or L2 acquisition? These questions are explored through longitudinal data from cL2 learners (age of onset: 3;0–3;5,n = 3), with monolingual (n = 2) and bilingual (n = 3) L1 controls. The cL2 data present certain similarities with adult L2 learners, but also with L1 controls. However, productions vary greatly within the L2 group: whereas one of the three learners shows clear development over time, behaving similarly to the L1 children at the end of the observation period, another learner hardly produces anyliaisonsat all.
The kinase domain of CK1δ can be phosphorylated by Chk1
Authors: Böhm Thomas , Meng Zhigang , Haas Philipp , Henne-Bruns Doris , Rachidi Najma , Knippschild Uwe , Bischof Joachim
Published: May 2019

Members of the casein kinase 1 (CK1) family are key regulators in numerous cellular signal transduction pathways and in order to prevent the development of certain diseases, CK1 kinase activity needs to be tightly regulated. Modulation of kinase activity by site-specific phosphorylation within the C-terminal regulatory domain of CK1δ has already been shown for several cellular kinases. By using biochemical methods, we now identified residues T161, T174, T176, and S181 within the kinase domain of CK1δ as target sites for checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1). At least residues T176 and S181 show full conservation among CK1δ orthologues from different eukaryotic species. Enzyme kinetic analysis furthermore led to the hypothesis that site-specific phosphorylation within the kinase domain finally contributes to fine-tuning of CK1δ kinase activity. These data provide a basis for the extension of our knowledge about the role of site-specific phosphorylation for regulation of CK1δ and associated signal transduction pathways.
Gradual reset and set characteristics in yttrium oxide based resistive random access memory
Authors: Petzold Stefan , Piros Eszter , Sharath S U , Zintler Alexander , Hildebrandt Erwin , Molina-Luna Leopoldo , Wenger Christian , Alff Lambert
Published: May 2019

This paper addresses the resistive switching behavior in yttrium oxide based resistive random access memory (RRAM) (TiN/yttrium oxide/Pt) devices. We report the coexistence of bipolar and unipolar resistive switching within a single device stack. For bipolar DC operation, the devices show gradual set and reset behavior with resistance ratio up to two orders of magnitude. By using nanosecond regime pulses (20 to 100 ns pulse width) of constant voltage amplitude, this gradual switching behavior could be utilized in tuning the resistance during set and reset spanning up to two orders of magnitude. This demonstrates that yttrium oxide based RRAM devices are alternative candidates for multibit operations and neuromorphic applications.
Structural properties and electrical conductivity of perovskite-type oxides in SOFCs
Authors: Montenegro-Hernández A , Dager P , Caneiro A , Mogni L
Published: May 2019

Structural properties and electrical conductivity of Sr2MgMoO6 (SMMO) and Sr2MgMo0.9TM0.1O6-δ (TM = Co, Mn) compounds were analyzed for establishing the usefulness of these materials as Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) anode. SMMO and SMMTM were synthesized through combustion-solution method and annealing in air at temperatures between 1000 and 1200 °C. SMMO and SMMCo with triclinic structures, and SMMMn with tetragonal structure at room temperature showed a cubic symmetry at 800 °C, which are apparently coking-resistant. Mn-doping in SMMO is detrimental for electrical conductivity in diluted-H2 environment, whilst the highest conductivity value was recorded for Co-containing sample on Mo-site of SMMO double perovskite. On the other hand, the oxygen reduction reaction of Pr2-xNdxNiO4+δ, (x=0, 0.3, 1 and 1.7) SOFC cathodes deposited on La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O2.85 electrolyte was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The obtained results showed that the chemical reactivity between Pr2-xNdxNiO4+δ oxides with electrolyte materials is a serious drawback in their use as cathode in SOFC.
Graphene oxide-based nanomaterial as a coating with anti-corrosion properties
Authors: Pérez F R , Betancur A F , García A , Merlano A S , Cabral M J A , Salazar Á
Published: May 2019

In this work, the synthesis of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and its incorporation into a hybrid organic-inorganic matrix is reported. The hybrid matrix was obtained from Bisphenol A diglycidyl Ether (DGEBA) and tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) as the organic and inorganic phase, respectively, up to have an optimal hybrid matrix (HYBRID) having both good adherence on steel surface and good microhardness. In addition, the rGO was added to HYBRID (HGO). DGEBA, HYBRID and HGO were used as coatings on the surface of different 1018 carbon steel coupons. The coupons were immersed in a H2SO4 solution, then electrochemistry impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements were carried out. The corrosion current density, the corrosion rates, and the inhibition efficiency were estimated. The results show that the addition of rGO to HYBRID contributes to obtain a coating with good corrosion protective properties.
Measurement of nonlinear optical parameters of graphene oxide by Z-scan
Authors: Parra I C , Gómez I D , Cabanzo R , Valbuena S , Racedo F J
Published: May 2019

The behavior of the non-linear refraction index, the non-linear absorption coefficient and the complex value of the third-order electrical susceptibility of a concentrated graphene oxide solution at 50% m/v and its corresponding dependence on the laser emission power by the Z-scan technique. The value of the non-linear refractive index η
2, non-linear absorption coefficient β and the complex value of the electric susceptibility χ
(3) were obtained directly by quantifying the transmittance Normalized of the solution when exposed to the electromagnetic radiation of a Nd: YAG laser emitting at 532 nm in continuous wave mode. It was found that β increases and η
2 decreases exponentially by increasing the emission power, respectively. In addition, it was observed that for powers greater than 30 mW, the phenomena of saturable absorption and non-linear refraction related to the effects of thermal induction and influence of the phenomenon of self-defocalization of the incident radiation, respectively, are manifested.
Characterization and optimization of the laser diffracted by an acoustic-optical modulator in the infrared region
Authors: Barrios J , Álvarez J , Racedo F J
Published: May 2019

The acousto-optic modulator is a popular tool in photonic laboratories for amplitude modulation or frequency tuning. Due to the unique feature of the modified frequency diffraction, the acousto-optic modulator can also serve as a key element in laser spectroscopy. In this work, the characterization of an acousto-optic system is presented. For the characterization of the beam, diffracted by this system, the modulators efficiency was optimized based on its vertical positioning, and also the beams angle and position. The profiles of the diffracted beams under the frequency modulation are shown up, down, and near of the modulation’s central frequencyIn an AOM, the light is scattered from successive wavefronts that interoperate constructively. The condition for the constructive interference of scattered light is given by the Equation (1), in which the favoring of the orders diffracted by the modulator can be seen as predicted by the acousto-optic principle.
Magnetoexciton in type-II semiconductor nanocone
Authors: Herrera-Torres M , Sierra-Ortega J , Garcia L F , Mikhailov I D
Published: May 2019

We study spectral properties of heavy-hole exciton captured by a type-II InP/GaAs nanocone in the effective mass approximation. Assuming that the effective mass of the hole is essentially larger than of the electron, we solve the two-particle Schrödinger equation by using the adiabatic approximation and the Fourier series expansion method. We analyze the alteration of the averaged spatial separation of the electron and the hole, the period of the Aharonov–Bohm oscillations of the energy levels and the magnetic momenta as functions of the external magnetic field, applied along the symmetry axis. Our theoretical analysis reveals a possibility for controlling the electric polarization in type-II semiconductor structure with captured exciton, by means of the applying of an external magnetic field.
Measurement of the neutrino oscillation parameters by NOvA
Authors: Acero M A
Published: May 2019

Using a beam made (mainly) by muon neutrinos traveling through the earth, the NOvA Experiment looks for the appearance of electron neutrinos, a transformation explained by the quantum-mechanical phenomenon known as neutrino oscillation. NOvA uses two neutrino detectors located 14.6 mrad off-axis from the main beam direction. The first (Near) detector stands at a distance of 1 km from the neutrino source, while the second (Far) one is at 810 km. Traveling from the Near Detector to the Far Detector, muon neutrinos can morph into electron neutrinos with a probability depending upon the parameters

Δ

m

32

2

and sin2
θ
23, among others. By comparing the observed number of νµ
and νe
events at the Far Detector with the expected number of events predicted by a 3-neutrino oscillation model, NOvA is able to measure these parameters and help to improve our understanding about neutrinos. After a brief introduction to the physics of neutrinos and a presentation of the experiment, in this talk the most recent results obtained by NOvA through the study of muon neutrino oscillations νµ
→ νµ
and νµ
→ νe
, are shown. The oscillation parameters are found to be

Δ

m

32

2

=
2.44
×

10

−

3

eV

2

and sin2
θ
23 = 0.56.
On the use of satellite, gauge, and reanalysis precipitation products for drought studies
Authors: Golian Saeed , Javadian Mostafa , Behrangi Ali
Published: May 2019

Precipitation is a critical variable to monitor and predict meteorological drought. The WMO recommended standardized precipitation index (SPI) is calculated from gauge (i.e. GPCC), satellite-gauge (GPCP, CHIRPS), reanalysis (i.e. ERA-Interim, and MERRA-2), and satellite-gauge-reanalysis (i.e. MSWEP) over the global domain. Measured differences among the precipitation datasets include metrics such as percent area under drought, number of drought events, spread and correlation in the number of drought events, and critical success index in capturing moderate and severe-exceptional droughts. As precipitation products are available at different lengths and spatial resolutions, sensitivity of drought metrics to record-length and spatial resolution were explored. The results suggest that precipitation-based drought metrics can vary significantly with the choice of precipitation product, its record-lengths, and spatial resolution. These relationships also vary with the severity of drought events with more severe drought events being more sensitive to the differences in resolution and record length. The quantified variation among the products has to be recognized in the interpretation of drought events when a single or a subset of products used.
Quantum witness of a damped qubit with generalized measurements
Authors: Bojer Manuel , Friedenberger Alexander , Lutz Eric
Published: May 2019

We evaluate the quantum witness based on the no-signaling-in-time condition of a damped two-level system for nonselective generalized measurements of varying strength. We explicitly compute its dependence on the measurement strength for a generic example. We find a vanishing derivative for weak measurements and an infinite derivative in the limit of projective measurements. The quantum witness is hence mostly insensitive to the strength of the measurement in the weak measurement regime and displays a singular, extremely sensitive dependence for strong measurements. We finally relate this behavior to that of the measurement disturbance defined in terms of the fidelity between pre-measurement and post-measurement states.
Performing the Identity of the Medium: Adaptation and Television Historiography
Authors: Bignell Jonathan
Published: May 2019

This article focuses on how histories of television construct narratives about what the medium is, how it changes, and how it works in relation to other media. The key examples discussed are dramatic adaptations made and screened in Britain. They include early forms of live transmission of performance shot with multiple cameras, usually in a TV studio, with the aim of bringing an intimate and immediate experience to the viewer. This form shares aspects of medial identity with broadcast radio and live television programmes, and with theatre. The article also analyses adaptations of a later period, mainly filmed dramas for television that were broadcast in weekly serialized episodes, and shot on location to offer viewers a rich engagement with a realized fictional world. Here, film production techniques and technologies are adapted for television, alongside the routines of daily and weekly scheduling that characterize television broadcasting. The article identifies and analyses the questions about what is proper to television that arise from the different forms that adaptations took. The analyses show that television has been a mixed form across its history, while often aiming to reject such intermediality and claim its own specificity as a medium. Television adaptation has, paradoxically, operated as the ground to assert and debate what television could and should be, through a process of transforming pre-existing material. The performance of television’s role has taken place through the relay, repetition, and remediation that adaptation implies, and also through the repudiation of adaptation.
A comprehensive method protocol for annotation and integrated functional understanding of lncRNAs
Authors: Kunz Meik , Wolf Beat , Fuchs Maximilian , Christoph Jan , Xiao Ke , Thum Thomas , Atlan David , Prokosch Hans-Ulrich , Dandekar Thomas
Published: May 2019

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are of fundamental biological importance; however, their functional role is often unclear or loosely defined as experimental characterization is challenging and bioinformatic methods are limited. We developed a novel integrated method protocol for the annotation and detailed functional characterization of lncRNAs within the genome. It combines annotation, normalization and gene expression with sequence-structure conservation, functional interactome and promoter analysis. Our protocol allows an analysis based on the tissue and biological context, and is powerful in functional characterization of experimental and clinical RNA-Seq datasets including existing lncRNAs. This is demonstrated on the uncharacterized lncRNA GATA6-AS1 in dilated cardiomyopathy.
Novel relationships between porcine fetal size, sex, and endometrial angiogenesis†
Authors: Stenhouse Claire , Hogg Charis O , Ashworth Cheryl J
Published: May 2019

It is hypothesized that growth restriction occurs due to inadequate vascularization of the feto-maternal interface. Evidence exists for sexual dimorphism in placental function although associations between fetal sex and the endometrium remain poorly investigated. This study investigated the relationship between porcine fetal size, sex and endometrial angiogenesis at multiple gestational days (GD).

Endometrial samples supplying the lightest and closest to mean litter weight (CTMLW), male and female Large White X Landrace conceptuses or fetuses were obtained at GD18, 30, 45, 60, and 90 (n = 5–9 litters/GD). Immunohistochemistry for CD31 revealed a greater number of blood vessels in endometrium supplying females compared to those supplying males at GD45. Endometrial samples supplying the lightest fetuses had fewer blood vessels (GD60) and uterine glands (GD90) compared to those supplying the CTMLW fetuses. Quantitative PCR revealed decreased CD31 (GD60), HPSE and VEGFA (GD90) expression, alongside increased HIF1A (GD45) expression in endometrial samples supplying the lightest compared to the CTMLW fetuses. At GD30, PTGFR, CD31, and VEGFA mRNA expression was increased in samples supplying female fetuses compared to those supplying male fetuses. Intriguingly, decreased expression of ACP5, CD31, HIF1A, and VEGFA mRNAs was observed at GD60 in endometrial samples supplying female fetuses compared to those supplying their male littermates. Endothelial cell branching assays demonstrated impaired endothelial cell branching in response to conditioned media from endometrial samples supplying the lightest and female fetuses compared with the CTMLW and male fetuses, respectively.

This study has highlighted that endometrial tissues supplying the lightest and female fetuses have impaired angiogenesis when compared with the CTMLW and female fetuses respectively. Importantly, the relationship between fetal size, sex and endometrial vascularity is dynamic and dependent upon the GD investigated.
Targeted invalidation of SR-B1 in macrophages reduces macrophage apoptosis and accelerates atherosclerosis
Authors: Galle-Treger Lauriane , Moreau Martine , Ballaire Raphaëlle , Poupel Lucie , Huby Thomas , Sasso Emanuele , Troise Fulvia , Poti Francesco , Lesnik Philippe , Le Goff Wilfried , Gautier Emmanuel L , Huby Thierry
Published: May 2019

Aims

SR-B1 is a cholesterol transporter that exerts anti-atherogenic properties in liver and peripheral tissues in mice. Bone marrow (BM) transfer studies suggested an atheroprotective role in cells of haematopoietic origin. Here, we addressed the specific contribution of SR-B1 in the monocyte/macrophage.

Methods and results

We generated mice deficient for SR-B1 in monocytes/macrophages (Lysm-Cre × SR-B1f/f) and transplanted their BM into Ldlr−/− mice. Fed a cholesterol-rich diet, these mice displayed accelerated aortic atherosclerosis characterized by larger macrophage-rich areas and decreased macrophage apoptosis compared with SR-B1f/f transplanted controls. These findings were reproduced in BM transfer studies using another atherogenic mouse recipient (SR-B1 KOliver × Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein). Haematopoietic reconstitution with SR-B1−/− BM conducted in parallel generated similar results to those obtained with Lysm-Cre × SR-B1f/f BM; thus suggesting that among haematopoietic-derived cells, SR-B1 exerts its atheroprotective role primarily in monocytes/macrophages. Consistent with our in vivo data, free cholesterol (FC)-induced apoptosis of macrophages was diminished in the absence of SR-B1. This effect could not be attributed to differential cellular cholesterol loading. However, we observed that expression of apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage (AIM) was induced in SR-B1-deficient macrophages, and notably upon FC-loading. Furthermore, we demonstrated that macrophages were protected from FC-induced apoptosis by AIM. Finally, AIM protein was found more present within the macrophage-rich area of the atherosclerotic lesions of SR-B1-deficient macrophages than controls.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that macrophage SR-B1 plays a role in plaque growth by controlling macrophage apoptosis in an AIM-dependent manner.
Effects of Urbanization on the Diversity, Abundance, and Composition of Ant Assemblages in an Arid City
Authors: Miguelena Javier G , Baker Paul B
Published: May 2019

Cities within arid regions make up a significant but understudied subset of the urban ecosystems of the world. To assess the effects of urbanization, fragmentation, and land-use change in an arid city, we sampled the ant assemblages in three habitat types in Tucson, Arizona: irrigated neighborhood parks, urban desert remnants, and preserved desert. We analyzed the abundance, species richness, evenness, as well as the species and functional group composition of ant assemblages. We found no significant differences in species richness or evenness. However, irrigated parks had significantly greater ant abundances. Although some exotic species were present in the urban habitats, they did not have significant effects on ant diversity. Ant assemblages from all three habitat types were distinct from each other in their composition. Irrigated parks included a significantly higher proportion of species typically found in cooler and wetter climates. The differences in abundance and species composition between irrigated parks and the other habitats are likely the effect of irrigation removing water as a limiting factor for colony growth and increasing resource availability, as well as producing a localized cooling effect. Our results show that arid urban ecosystems may include considerable biodiversity, in part thanks to increased landscape heterogeneity resulting from the irrigation of green areas.
Acts of God? Religiosity and Natural Disasters Across Subnational World Districts*
Authors: Sinding Bentzen Jeanet
Published: May 2019

Religious beliefs potentially influence individual behaviour. But why are some societies more religious than others? One possible answer is religious coping: individuals turn to religion to deal with unbearable and unpredictable life events. To investigate whether coping can explain global differences in religiosity, I combine a global dataset on individual-level religiosity with spatial data on natural disasters. Individuals become more religious if an earthquake recently hit close by. Even though the effect decreases after a while, data on children of immigrants reveal a persistent effect across generations. The results point to religious coping as the main mediating channel, but alternative explanations such as mutual insurance or migration cannot be ruled out entirely. The findings may help explain why religiosity has not vanished as some scholars once predicted.
Differential Performance in High Versus Low Stakes Tests: Evidence from the Gre Test*
Authors: Schlosser Analia , Neeman Zvika , Attali Yigal
Published: May 2019

We study how different demographic groups respond to incentives by comparing their performance in ‘high’ and ‘low’ stakes situations. The high stakes situation is the Graduate Record Examination (GRE), and the low stakes situation is a voluntary experimental section of the GRE. We find that males exhibit a larger drop in performance between the high and low stakes examinations than females, and that whites exhibit a larger drop in performance than minorities. Differences between high and low stakes tests are partly explained by the fact that males and whites exert lower effort in low stakes tests compared with females and minorities.