bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kiel.Science.City: Die Vision der Christian-Albrechts-Universität und der Stadt Kiel
Authors: Pfründer Uwe , Schmidt Beatrix , Neubauer Heike
Published: October 2024

Mit Unterstützung der schleswig-holsteinischen Landesregierung haben die Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel und die Landeshauptstadt Kiel ein ambitioniertes Ziel: In den kommenden 15 Jahren soll unter dem Motto
›Wissen schafft Zukunft‹ und dem Label ›Kiel.Science.City‹ die bauliche Entwicklung vorangebracht werden und teilweise neue Stadtteile entstehen. Dieses Vorhaben soll Studium, Wissenschaft, Innovation, Wirtschaft,
Leben, Arbeiten und Wohnen eng miteinander verknüpfen. Der Beitrag stellt die Konzepte der Bauvorhaben zu den einzelnen Sektionen der CAU vor.
Effective Strategies to Improve the South African Police Service's (SAPS) Capacity to Reduce Crime and Enhance Public Safety
Authors: otsamai Modise John M
Published: October 2024

This research delves into the critical issues of crime reduction and police service improvement in South Africa. South Africa faces a significant challenge: high crime rates, particularly violent crime and gender-based violence. This undermines public safety and necessitates a multifaceted approach to achieve a safer society. This research explores evidence-based strategies for crime reduction and police service improvement within the South African context. Main Topics: Crime reduction strategies we examine how evidence-based policing, situational crime prevention, and social crime prevention can be adapted and implemented effectively in South Africa. Strengthening the South African Police Service (SAPS): We analyze how to enhance the SAPS through improved resource allocation, specialized training programs, and a focus on community policing and trust- building. Key Arguments crime reduction requires a multi-pronged approach that addresses both criminal behavior and the underlying social factors that contribute to it. Evidence-based policing, situational crime prevention, and social crime prevention offer promising strategies when tailored to the specific contexts of South African communities. Strengthening the SAPS through improved resources, training, and community relations is crucial for building trust and enhancing public safety. Approach This research employs a literature review approach, analyzing existing research on crime reduction strategies, police service improvement, and the South African context. Significance this research has the potential to inform policymakers, police leadership, community organizations, and future research endeavors. By identifying effective strategies and outlining practical recommendations, this research can contribute to a safer and more just South Africa. Audience this research is targeted towards a broad audience, including Policymakers involved in developing and implementing crime reduction strategies. Police leadership seeking to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the SAPS. Community organizations working to address crime and promote safety in their neighborhoods. Researchers interested in furthering the understanding of crime and policing in South Africa. Conclusion by critically examining crime reduction strategies and exploring ways to strengthen the SAPS, this research lays the groundwork for a safer and more secure South Africa. Implementing the recommendations outlined here can contribute to a future where all South Africans feel safe and secure in their communities.
An expanded frame for lithic material choices
Authors: Lomborg Kamilla Laustsen
Published: October 2024

For a long time, lithic procurement strategies have been used as an indicator of mobility abilities and material preferences of various hunter-gatherer groups across time. Different procurement patterns between the Middle and Upper Palaeolithic in Europe have led to interpretations of species differences between
Homo neanderthalensis
and
Homo sapiens
, and diverse influences of the environment on the populations. With the use of hypotheses on local or long-distance lithic procurement, agent-based models can function as a neutral and quantitative test of procurement choices. By statistically testing hypotheses made from ethnographic and archaeological studies, the material of four Middle Palaeolithic sites in the Middle Rhine area, Western Germany, set the frame for analysing procurement choices of the Neanderthals in their environmental setting. From the analyses of the agent-based models, it is visible that it is the availability of raw material resources that influences the procurement of the hunter-gatherer agent. By reflecting this result in the local environment and ecological options, it is argued that the advantages of local procurement succeeded the ones of long-distanced procurements for the Neanderthals. Thereby the study provides an example of the beneficial union of qualitative and quantitative methodologies in archaeological research, and how the science of the past can improve by adding computational methods of the present.
The factor of war as a threat to sustainable development and a challenge for corporate social responsibility
Authors: Korol Svitlana , Sobchuk Olena , Bielova Olena , Shapovalova Alla
Published: October 2024

The purpose of the study is to analyze the practice of involving multinational companies in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), in general, and the response to SDG 16 “Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions”. The research methodology involves a comparative analysis of the attitude towards the SDG leaders of sustainable development and MNCs that currently continue to work on the Russian market is presented. The conducted research showed that MNCs mostly recognize their impact on achieving SDG 16, but at the same time (1) they put it at a medium or low priority level; (2) emphasize justice and strong institutions. As a result of the study, it was proven that the existing approach to assessing the level of achievement of SDG 16 does not take into account modern conditions of warfare and needs to be revised. The novelty of the study lies in the further development of scientific approaches to assessment of international business contribution to SDGs achievement and promotion of sustainable peace, opposition to military aggression, as well as substantiating the need to change approaches (criteria) to assessing the achievement of SDG 16.
Diversity of fish otoliths from the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea: Report on the first digital collection of fish otoliths (Actinopterygii) from the Atlantic region of Mexico
Authors: Badillo Alemán Maribel , Solís Gómez Ariana , Gallardo Torres Alfredo , Pacheco Gongora Eduardo , Chiappa-Carrara Xavier
Published: October 2024

The Otolith Collection of Fishes from the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea was created with the objective to conserve and illustrate the diversity of these structures from species living in the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean Sea, and the freshwater and brackish systems of the Yucatan Peninsula, incorporating morphological descriptions and morphometric data. Otoliths, non-skeletal calcareous structures that develop in the inner ear of fish, are essential for balance and hearing. They have become pivotal tools for age and growth determination, population analysis, and ecological, trophic, and archaeological studies due to their resistance to degradation and the extensive information they provide about the environment and physiology of fish. The collection now includes otoliths from 214 species, representing 67 families, obtained through sampling campaigns and collaborations with local fishermen. The otoliths are extracted using techniques that ensure the integrity of the structures for later preservation. High-resolution images were obtained using optical and scanning electron microscopy, and these images are stored in an online database. This database facilitates research and teaching by providing public access to digital specimens and associated data. In addition to fostering academic development, this collection represents a significant step towards the creation of a national platform for otolith data analysis, aligned with international efforts to digitize biological collections. Despite the financial and logistical challenges involved in building and maintaining biological collections, this collection demonstrates its value as an essential resource for taxonomic, systematic, and ecological studies, as well as for biodiversity education and awareness. The online availability of the collection not only facilitates access to data but also promotes innovation and international collaboration in the study of fishes and their habitats.
An Adomian decomposition method with some orthogonal polynomials to solve nonhomogeneous fractional differential equations (FDEs)
Authors: Al-Mazmumy Mariam , Alyami Maryam Ahmed , Alsulami Mona , Alsulami Asrar Saleh , Redhwan Saleh S.
Published: October 2024

The present study introduced modifications to the standard Adomian decomposition method (ADM) by combining the Taylor series with orthogonal polynomials, such as Legendre polynomials and the first and second kinds of Chebyshev polynomials. These improvements can be applied to solve fractional differential equations with initial-value problems in the Caputo sense. The approaches are based on the use of orthogonal polynomials, which are essential components in approximation theories. The study carefully analyzed their respective absolute error differences, highlighting the computational benefits of the proposed modifications, which offer improved accuracy and require fewer computational steps. The effectiveness and accuracy of the approach were validated through numerical examples, confirming its efficiency and reliability.
De la herida a la cicatriz. Subjetividades plásticas y éticas de la recuperación
Authors: Lara Folch Patricia Irene
Published: October 2024

Los nuevos heridos de Malabou, obra que revisa y actualiza el corpus freudiano sobre el trauma, expone un diagnóstico de la desafección contemporánea: la violencia hoy se presenta como si no tuviese sentido y es la exposición a este daño que es, en realidad, relacional el que constituye subjetividades desafectivas. Uno de los traumas sociopolíticos señalados por la autora es la violencia sexual. Con la obra de Linda Alcoff pasamos de una teoría general del trauma a una herida específicamente de género. Ambas filósofas retoman la potencialidad del vínculo, de prácticas de mutualidad, para contra-efectuar las pérdidas de la violencia. Tres paradigmas posibles de la recuperación —dialéctica, deconstrucción y plasticidad— se derivan de la sentencia “las heridas del espíritu curan sin dejar cicatriz” de la Fenomenología del Espíritu según Malabou. ¿Qué formas de recuperación plantea el feminismo cuando este se convierte en una herramienta etiológica para la reconstrucción afectiva y narrativa de las subjetividades heridas?
Crisis de vida y desastres: una discusión sobre la ética (anticapitalista) del cuidado
Authors: Bueno Gómez Noelia
Published: October 2024

En este artículo se argumenta a favor de una resignificación del concepto de desastre, que sea capaz de reconocer el papel de las injusticias socio-económicas estructurales en las catástrofes. Al concebir los desastres como fenómenos naturalizados repentinos, que es la tendencia general de los organismos internacionales, queda excluida por principio la actual crisis mundial de vida y cuidados (que incluye, en general, los graves problemas que diferentes grupos humanos afrontan para poder auto-gestionar su subsistencia de un modo que no comprometa la habitabilidad presente y futura). En este contexto, se discuten las aportaciones y los problemas de la ética del cuidado a la ética de desastres, incluyendo el paternalismo/maternalismo, el sacrificio y la explotación. Lo que la ética del cuidado puede aportar a los contextos de desastres es, sobre todo, la idea de que cultivar procesos de acompañamiento, apoyo y atención mutuos mejorarán la gestión de las crisis de vida, pero si no se quiere limitar a cumplir una mera función paliativa o retórica, la ética del cuidado ha de adquirir un compromiso con la modificación de aquellas condiciones de injusticia estructural que agudizan o provocan esas crisis. En este sentido, una ética anticapitalista del cuidado no solo destaca las virtudes de cuidar, sino que atiende a la necesidad de reconfigurar la dialéctica entre la lógica del capital y la del “dejar crecer y hacer crecer” de los cuidados, de tal modo que la primera no se anteponga a ni se apropie de la segunda.
Figuras de la desafección en la eticidad. Hegel y la subjetividad política
Authors: Gomez Ramos Antonio
Published: October 2024

La desafección puede considerarse como una cuestión de la subjetividad política, como la ruptura del vínculo político de la subjetividad. Este artículo examina si esa ruptura es posible y cuál es su alcance y modalidades. ¿Puede un sujeto constituirse y autorreconocerse al margen de toda dimensión política? Para hacer ese examen, se discute con detalle la concepción moderna de la subjetividad según el modelo hegeliano de la eticidad en su Filosofía del Derecho, en sus dimensiones afectiva, económica y estatal. Sobre ese modelo, se proponen tres figuras posibles de desafección —indiferente, excluido, disidente— para concluir que todas ellas mantienen, a pesar de todo, un vínculo político no exento de limitaciones morales.
BLINKRESNET: COST-EFFECTIVE EYELID LOCALIZATION FOR USE IN A BLINK REFLEXOMETER
Authors: Teder Logan , Jackson Alexis , Fiorini Ryan
Published: October 2024

Four keypoints corresponding to upper and lower eyelid positions may be localized in the scan videos of a blink reflexometer, an edge device. Images from prior reflexometer scans are tagged in order to train a residual neural network, dubbed BlinkResNet. In order to provide adequate demographic coverage, comprehensive data collection procedures are implemented. The architecture is thoroughly parameterized, allowing for a multidimensional space of compatible architectures to be swept through using a random search. Experimental results on a dataset of annotated reflexometer frames demonstrate significant improvement over a previous algorithm for eyelid localization. A random search identified variants of BlinkResNet best-suited for reflexometer frame annotation, with BlinkResNet-Default achieving a [Formula: see text]2 score of 0.966 on the validation dataset. Requirements for deployment on an edge device are met: training ease, generalizable inference performance, and low computational cost. A sweep may be conducted on any combination of hyperparameters and datasets, making it an adaptable tool for the continual development of customized machine learning architectures. The analysis of sweep results provides valuable insights into optimal model organization for specific tasks. Thus, methodical data annotation and sweeps over a parameterized machine learning routine are investigated as measures to achieve rapid, accurate inference results.
Impact of Pre-Silica-Coating on the Luminescence Properties of Silica-Coated Indium Phosphide Nanoparticles
Authors: Ito Mizuki , Yamauchi Noriko , Nakashima Kouichi , Kobayashi Yoshio
Published: October 2024

This study examined the impact of silica-coating on the luminescence characteristics of indium phosphide (InP) nanoparticles. Silica-coated InP nanoparticles were prepared using three different techniques. The first method utilized tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the silica source, resulting in the encapsulation of multiple InP nanoparticles within silica spheres. This approach caused a red-shift in the luminescence peak wavelength of the InP colloidal solution post-TEOS coating, compared to the original InP colloidal solution. Conversely, the second method employed tetramethoxysilane (TMOS), resulting in the formation of irregularly shaped silica-coatings on multiple InP nanoparticles, which reduced the red-shift in the luminescence peak wavelength of the silica-coated InP colloidal solution. The third method involved pre-coating InP nanoparticles with TMOS, followed by thickening the silica shells using TEOS. This technique successfully encapsulated multiple InP nanoparticles within silica spheres, maintaining the luminescence peak wavelength of the InP colloid solution post-coating with TMOS and TEOS nearly identical to that of the original solution. This method merged the advantageous outcomes of the first two methods. Additionally, silica spheres containing InP nanoparticles synthesized using both TMOS and TEOS exhibited the highest luminescence intensity. In summary, this study introduces a novel approach in nanoparticle engineering, enhancing the functional properties of InP nanoparticles and expanding their potential applications in optoelectronic devices.
Comparative Analysis of Mechanical Characteristics: Ultrasonically Compacted vs. Conventionally Additive Manufactured Polymeric Samples
Authors: Binchiciu Emilia-Florina , Marin-Corciu Matei , Mnerie Gabriela-Victoria , Constantin Vlad-Ștefan
Published: October 2024

This scientific paper presents a comparative analysis of the mechanical characteristics of PLA samples fabricated through conventional AM methods and AM then ultrasonically compacted. The study aims to assess the potential advantages and limitations of ultrasonic compaction of PLA AM samples, as a reinforcing manufacturing technique. The methodology involves the fabrication of PLA samples using AM processes, then ultrasonically compact part of them to make a comparative study on their mechanical characteristics, including tensile strength. Additionally, the surface morphology and internal microstructure of the samples are analysed using microscopy techniques. The results of the study provide insights into the mechanical performance and structural integrity of the ultrasonically compacted samples compared to the conventionally PLA AM samples. The findings highlight any potential improvements or limitations in terms of mechanical properties, such as strength, durability, and overall performance.
Machine learning approaches for forecasting inflation: empirical evidence from Sri Lanka
Authors: Bandara W. M. S. , De Mel W. A. R.
Published: October 2024

The aim of this study is to forecast the inflation rate using supervised machine learning models (SMLM). While SMLMs are widely used in various fields, they have also been widely applied to forecast inflation rates. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to identify the best model for forecasting inflation among four different SMLMs: LASSO regression (LR), Bayesian Ridge Regression (BRR), Support Vector Machine Regression (SVR), and Random Forest Regression (RFR) models. To achieve this objective, two different types of cross-validation techniques were used: K-fold cross-validation method (KCV)  and walk forward validation ( ) methods. These techniques were used to estimate the parameters and hyper-parameters for each machine learning model with the aid of root mean square error. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) was used to compare the performance of the different SMLMs. Empirical evidence from Sri Lanka between 1988 and 2021 was used to test the performance of the SMLMs in forecasting inflation rates. The results show that the LR model with walk forward validation is the best method for forecasting the future inflation rate of Sri Lanka based on the MAPE value. Overall, this study demonstrates the effectiveness of SMLMs in forecasting inflation rates under the critical conditions and highlights the importance of employing appropriate cross-validation techniques when using these SMLM models. The findings of this study can provide valuable insights for policymakers, investors, and researchers who are interested in forecasting inflation rates.
Utilization of elephant foot yam (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius) and Lasia stem (Lasia spinosa) replacers in burger patties
Authors: Himashini H. D. W. S. C. , Jemziya M. B. Fathima , Rifath M. R. Ahamed
Published: October 2024

Many meat-based processed foods have been developed with plant-based fat replacers due to the adverse effects of cholesterol and unsaturated fatty acids in meat. Many underutilized plants have the potential to be used as fat replacers in processed meat-based products. In this study, different amounts of elephant foot yam (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius) flour and lasia (Lasia spinosa) stem flour were used as replacements for the chicken burger patty. The treatments were developed with the composition of elephant foot yam flour, lasia stem flour and chicken meat as T1 (30 %, 30 %, 40%), T2 (25 %, 25 %, 50 %), T3 (25 %, 15 %, 60 %), T4 (15 %, 25 %, 60 %) respectively, and T5 (100 % chicken) as a control treatment. The physico-chemical, cooking, and sensorial properties of the triplicated samples were then compared to those of a control group made with 100% chicken. Cooking properties such as cooking loss, cooking yield, water holding capacity, fat retention, moisture retention, and shrinkage have shown significant differences (p<0.05) among the treatments. Overall, 25% elephant foot yam flour and 15% lasia stem flour incorporated patties have shown optimum values for water holding capacity, cooking yield, fat retention, moisture retention, and cooking loss compared to control except shrinkage. The proximate analysis, such as moisture content, protein, fat, fiber content, and ash content had significant differences (p<0.05) among the treatments and 25 % elephant foot yam flour and 15 % lasia stem flour incorporated patties showed favorable values. Compared to the control, patties incorporated with elephant foot yam and lasia stem flour replacements have shown lower fat content and higher fiber content. However, the sensory attributes of the replaced burger patties were not different compared to 100% chicken meat burger patty except for colour and taste.
Acoustic and visual observations of Sperm Whales, Physeter macrocephalus, off the Southeast Coast of Sri Lanka, April 2013
Authors: Alling Abigail , Milner Carol , Thillo Mark Van , Gamage Tilak Priyadarshana Dodampe
Published: October 2024

An opportunistic study was carried out from a 113’ motor-sailing vessel along the southeast coast of Sri Lanka from April 11 to 19, 2013. Passive acoustic monitoring allowed pods of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) to be detected and tracked before being sighted. Key observations included sightings of whales along the 1000 m drop-off, repeated breaching of whales on two separate occasions within 50 m of a driftnet, and the presence of a single bull male with mating-related behaviour and jaw-clapping. These observations and other visual observations during the ship’s voyages indicate that sperm whales are located in Sri Lanka waters for feeding, breeding and calving.
IL-33 Increases the Magnitude of the Tissue-Resident Memory T Cell Response in Intestinal Tissues during Local Infection
Authors: Marchesini Tovar Giuseppina , Espinal Angie M , Gallen Corey , Bergsbaken Tessa
Published: October 2024

IL-33 plays an important role in the early programming of CD8 T cells; however, its contribution to the differentiation of tissue-resident memory T cells in vivo remains poorly defined. After infection of mice with Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, IL-33 expression was increased in the intestinal tissue, and this coincided with the expression of ST2 on T cells infiltrating the intestinal epithelium and lamina propria. Blocking IL-33 signaling after T cell infiltration of the intestinal tissue did not significantly impact the number or phenotype of tissue-resident memory T cells generated. However, overexpression of ST2 on T cells was able to increase expression of TCF1 and T cell number in the intestine compared with the lymphoid organs during infection. We also observed that enhanced accumulation and maintenance of ST2-overexpressing cells in the intestine postinfection were resolved. This points to a role for IL-33 in increasing the number of T cells that commit to intestinal tissue residency in vivo.
Local Controlled Delivery of IL-4 Decreases Inflammatory Bone Loss in a Murine Model of Periodontal Disease
Authors: Shehabeldin Mostafa , Kobyra Julie , Cho Yejin , Gao Jin , Chong Rong , Tabib Tracy , Lafyatis Robert , Little Steven R , Sfeir Charles
Published: October 2024

Chronic inflammatory diseases are a leading global health problem. In many of these diseases, the consistent presence of systemic low-grade inflammation induces tissue damage. This is true in conditions such as diabetes, arthritis, and autoimmune disorders, where an overactive and uncontrolled host immune response is a major driver of immunopathology. Central to this overactive and destructive host response are macrophages, the major phagocytic cells within the innate immune system. These cells exhibit a dual role in both host defense against invading pathogens and promotion of tissue repair during inflammation resolution. Those unique characteristics make macrophages an excellent target for therapeutic interventions in many chronic inflammatory conditions. Using periodontal disease as a model of chronic inflammation, we sought to assess the feasibility of using a controlled drug delivery strategy to target macrophages within the oral cavity. To that end, IL-4 was encapsulated within a biodegradable polymer carrier and locally delivered into the inflamed periodontal tissues. Our data indicate that local sustained delivery of IL-4 decreased inflammatory bone loss and promoted bone gain in the diseased mouse periodontium. Those effects correlated with a shift of local macrophage population toward a prorepair phenotype. Using single-cell RNA sequencing technology, we found that IL-4 delivery reversed several proinflammatory pathways associated with tissue destructive macrophages. Together, our data suggest that sustained delivery of IL-4 may be a viable therapeutic option for chronic diseases characterized by immune-mediated tissue damage.
Emergency consultations to pediatric dermatology at a large children’s hospital in Saudi Arabia
Authors: AlDosari Rawan , Albrahim Latifah , Alkhodier Abeer , Alkhodair Rayan , AlJasser Mohammed
Published: October 2024

Dermatology is commonly considered a non-urgent and outpatient-centered specialty. Limited studies have evaluated skin diseases presenting to the pediatric emergency department. This study aims to characterize the most common pediatric dermatological conditions prompting an emergency department visit between August 2018 and August 2023 in a large children’s hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A total of 183 patients were included. The majority of patients were 2 years old and younger [87 (47.5%)]. Gender was almost equally distributed, with 51.4% of the population being females. Infectious and inflammatory disorders were the most commonly encountered conditions, accounting for 35.5% and 33.9%, respectively. The top three diagnoses were atopic dermatitis (12.02%), impetigo (6.56%), and infantile hemangioma (6.01%). Understanding the variety of skin disorders presented to pediatric emergency departments can positively enhance patient care in dermatology clinics and promote preventative public health initiatives, thus minimizing emergency department visits.
Controlled hypotension under rapid ventricular pacing technique in patients with cerebral arteriovenous malformation -a case report-
Authors: Zhao Zijian , Wang Hang , Min Xinxu , Li Zheng , Feng Feng
Published: October 2024

Background: The transvenous approach to the treatment of cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is difficult and requires strict blood pressure and blood flow control; however, the cure rate is very high. Appropriate blood pressure control techniques can greatly benefit these patients.Case: A 55-year-old male patient was found to have an aneurysm complicated with a cerebral AVM (length: 2.0 cm, width: 1.6 cm, height: 1.2 cm). Aneurysm embolization was considered for the first-stage surgery and transvenous AVM embolization for the second-stage surgery. Rapid ventricular pacing (RVP) provided a stable blood flow environment for the surgery, which was completed successfully.Conclusion: RVP can thus provide an ideal condition for the embolization of cerebral AVM through the transvenous approach and can be a viable surgical option.
EVALUACIÓN DEL IMPACTO DE LOS CAMBIOS EN EL USO Y COBERTURA DE LA TIERRA EN EL ESCURRIMIENTO SUPERFICIAL
Authors: Nicolete Donizeti Aparecido Pastori , Piroli Edson Luís
Published: October 2024

The aim of this study was to analyze the behavior of surface runoff as a result of changes in land use and land cover (LULC), using the Rio Novo basin (Brazil) as the analysis site. To estimate surface runoff, the curve number (NRCS-CN) method was used; as input data, the LULC classifications provided by the MapBiomas project and the pedological map of the state of São Paulo (1:250,000) were used. The Rio Novo basin was discretized into ten sub-basins. The results showed major changes in LULC between 1992 and 2022, with a reduction in pasture areas and an increase in annual crops and sugarcane fields, as well as in urban areas. Such alterations are conditioning factors of changes in Curve Number (CN) values, which imply changes in surface runoff values. For a rainfall of 130 mm (roughly 10-year return period), the surface runoff depth values ranged from 3.21 mm (areas with forest cover on soils in hydrological group A) to 101.35 mm (for urban areas on soils in hydrological group C). The urbanization process that occurred in sub-basins 1, 6, and 9 led to an increase in areas with the highest CN values (CN equal to 85 and 90). Locations with increased surface runoff values should be considered as critical areas, where soil and water losses may occur, thereby compromising water security in the basin. Keywords: NRSC-CN method, Geographic Information System, Water Resources Management, MapBiomas.
BRAZIL'S PROGRESS IN IMPLEMENTING COASTAL AND MARINE PROTECTED AREAS WITH A FOCUS ON AICHI TARGET 11
Authors: Vaz da Silva Ingrid H'Oara Carvalho , Moro Marcelo Freire
Published: October 2024

he rapid global loss of biodiversity has promoted initiatives to develop a global network of Protected Areas (PAs), with the Aichi targets suggesting that countries protect at least 17% of continental areas and 10% of marine and coastal areas. For Brazil, there is a knowledge gap regarding the evaluation of qualitative and quantitative objectives through practical indicators of goal achievement and effective management. This study holistically addresses the conservation status of Brazil concerning Aichi Target 11 for marine and coastal ecosystems, using systematic literature review and marine spatial coverage analysis. The results show an increase to 26% of marine spatial coverage, with greater coverage by Environmental Protection Areas. There is a predominance of studies on "Management Effectiveness," with less focus on equitable management and integration between terrestrial and marine landscapes. Indicators primarily focus on "Ecological" and "Governance" dimensions, neglecting "Social" and "Economic" dimensions. Key challenges include the need for increased financial investment, connectivity between protected areas with different social and ecological contexts, and local community involvement in equitable management. Additionally, there is a need for increased coverage of integral protection areas and standardization of qualitative assessments. Keywords: Protected areas; Management effectiveness; Aichi Target 11; Conservation policy; Coastal and marine systems.
COMMERCE AND GEOGRAPHICAL MILIEU
Authors: Venceslau Igor
Published: October 2024

Trade has always been a traditional topic of study in geography, present in different approaches. In this work, commerce is interpreted from the perspective of technique, approaching the technical phenomenon geographically, that is, through the geographical milieu and its manifestations. This article aims to propose an interpretation of trade through geography from the category of geographical milieu. Based on Milton Santos' proposal for the periodization of geographical space, we relate the natural milieu and exchanges, the technical milieu and traditional commerce, reaching the current period with the emergence of the technical-scientific-informational milieu and its corresponding form of commerce, the e-commerce. Keywords: geographical space; technical-scientific-informational milieu; e-commerce.
Desafíos de la Humanización en Salud en Chile
Authors: Riveros-Jiménez Marcela Alejandra , Pavlovic Jeldres Sebastián , Mellado Mora Augusto , Tapia-Escobar Eric , Silva-Jiménez Diego
Published: October 2024

La humanización en salud en Chile enfrenta múltiples desafíos que impactan tanto la calidad de la atención como la experiencia del paciente y de los trabajadores sanitarios, desde lo individual, familiar, comunitario, territorial y organizacional. Este concepto, que busca colocar al paciente en el centro del proceso de atención y considerar sus necesidades emocionales y psicológicas, además de las biológicas, por lo que se requiere una transformación profunda en la manera en que se presta la atención sanitaria en sus distintos niveles de atención y prevención. Uno de los principales desafíos es la sobrecarga del sistema de salud. La alta demanda y los recursos limitados a menudo conducen a un enfoque mecanicista y fragmentado, donde la atención se centra en aspectos técnicos y clínicos en lugar de en el bienestar integral del paciente. Esto puede resultar en una falta de tiempo para establecer relaciones interpersonales significativas entre profesionales de la salud y pacientes, afectando la calidad de la comunicación y el nivel de empatía. Presentando de este modo grandes desafíos, como la formación profesional sanitarios humanizados, de medición e indicadores y como se aborda la investigación con una mirada humanizada, la relevancia de la participación activa de pacientes y comunidades, el desarrollo de la humanización en salud pública y atención primaria, la Integración de medicinas complementarias y saberes ancestrales, la humanización del final de la vida y las tecnologías al servicio de la persona humana. Abordar estos desafíos es crucial para mejorar la calidad de la atención y la experiencia del paciente.
Comparative Analysis of K-Nearest Neighbors and Decision Tree Methods in Determining Students’ Purchase Interest in MacBook Laptops
Authors: Fadilla Hasibuan Intan , Irmayani Deci , Sihombing Volvo
Published: October 2024

In the context of increasingly competitive technology markets, companies need to know consumer preferences accurately to optimize product offerings and increase sales. Two classification methods that are often used in data mining, namely K-Nearest Neighbors and Decision Tree, have their own advantages and disadvantages. This study proposes a solution that involves processing student data using both classification methods to identify the most accurate and effective method for identifying purchase intentions. This study aims to compare the performance of the two methods in determining student purchase intentions for MacBook laptops. The research methodology includes collecting data from 100 students covering various factors such as user experience, design and portability, technical specifications, price, and security. This data is then classified using the K-Nearest Neighbors and Decision Tree methods. Furthermore, a confusion matrix is used to provide a more detailed picture of the performance of the two methods. The results of the study show that the Decision Tree method has a higher accuracy (91%) compared to K-Nearest Neighbors (88%). In addition, Decision Tree excels in other metrics such as precision (87.18% vs. 85.71%), recall (89.47% vs. 85.71%), specificity (91.94% vs. 89.66%), and F1-Score (88.31% vs. 85.71%). The decision tree also has a higher NPV value and lower FPR and FNR rates than K-Nearest Neighbors, indicating that it is superior in avoiding misclassification. The study's conclusion is that the Decision Tree method is more effective and accurate than K-Nearest Neighbors in determining students' purchase intentions for MacBook laptops. The decision tree shows better performance in almost all evaluation metrics, making it a more reliable method to use in consumer data analysis. The results of this study are expected to help companies choose a more appropriate and effective analysis method for their marketing strategies, as well as provide a basis for further research in the field of consumer purchase intention classification.
Migración y derecho al trabajo en Chile 2017-2022
Authors: Marcano Salazar Luis Manuel
Published: October 2024

El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la migración venezolana en Chile y el ejercicio del trabajo como un derecho humano. La metodología utilizada es hermenéutica-documental, que permite interpretar y analizar registros documentales relacionados con la crisis migratoria de Venezuela y la respuesta del Estado chileno. Se examinan las políticas migratorias, las leyes laborales y la Convención Internacional sobre la Protección de los Derechos de todos los Trabajadores/as [sic] migratorios/as[sic] y de sus Familiares, así como los informes de organizaciones internacionales y nacionales sobre la situación de los migrantes venezolanos en Chile. Los resultados revelan que la crisis migratoria de Venezuela es una de las más grandes del mundo, con millones de personas desplazadas debido a la inestabilidad política y económica del país. El flujo de migrantes venezolanos hacia Chile ha aumentado significativamente en los últimos años, lo que ha generado a una serie de problemas y desafíos para el Estado chileno en su intento de manejar este aumento. Esto se refleja en sus políticas migratorias y su capacidad para del país para proporcionar apoyo y protección. Las repatriaciones masivas de venezolanos antes y durante la pandemia de COVID-19 sugieren que Chile está luchando para proporcionar oportunidades de empleo y servicios básicos a los migrantes.
THE THREE STRIKES PENALTY AND THE RIGHT TO LIFE IN HUNGARIAN LAW
Authors:   Criminal Procedural Department Debrecen University Faculty of Law, Balázs Elek
Published: October 2024

According to the original’ provision of the Criminal Code, if at least three of the offences in the group of offences are completed offences of violence against a person committed at different times, the maximum penalty for the group of offences is doubled. If the maximum sentence thus increased would exceed twenty years or if any of the offences in the group of offences is punishable by life imprisonment, the offender shall be sentenced to life imprisonment. In a pending case, the Metropolitan Court of Appeal turned to the Constitutional Court with a judicial initiative, in which it sought a declaration that this provision of the Criminal Code was unconstitutional and a prohibition of its application in the pending case. The Constitutional Court then examined whether the mandatory application of life imprisonment in the Criminal Code meets the constitutional criteria for a system of punishment under the rule of law derived from Fundamental Law. A key element of the constitutional limits on criminal law is the protection of the individual against arbitrary use of criminal law by the state. The extreme values of the constitutional framework of the applicability of criminal sanctions are the right to human dignity, the right to liberty and security of person on the one hand, and the prohibition of torture, cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment on the other. Keywords: punishment, human dignity, three strike punishment.
MAN AND CRIMINAL LAW IN THE SOCIAL DIMENSION
Authors:   Department of Criminal Law, Criminal Procedure and Criminology, Yanka Kupala State University of Grodno, Republic of Belarus, Khilyuta Vadim Vladimirovič
Published: October 2024

The paper examines the main problems of criminal law of post-Soviet states through the prism of global institutional transformations in politics and economy, development of new information relations and stagnation of society. The main features and ways of impact of criminal law on social relations are revealed, where criminal law is given a new global function - ensuring security. For this reason, attention is focused on the essence of crime and criminal law impact. Modern mechanisms of instrumentalization of criminal law are shown by means of changing the philosophical bases of legal research, projecting science on global problems of implementation of unified standards, expanding the boundaries of criminal law, shifting the emphasis from the institution of punishment to measures of criminal-legal impact, moving away from material constructions in the concept of “crime” and developing its formal attributes with the prospect of introducing the institution of criminal law into national legislation.
LIFE SENTENCE AND THE RIGHT TO LIFE
Authors:   Institute of Criminological and Sociological Research, Belgrade, Igrački Jasmina
Published: October 2024

In modern criminal legislation, life imprisonment is, after the death penalty, the most severe sanction imposed on persons for the most serious crimes. In the legislation of many countries, it was introduced precisely as a “humane” substitute for the death penalty, because after it, it theoretically assumes the most effective means of special prevention, i.e. preventing a convicted person from repeating criminal acts. On the other hand, many legislations have introduced options that allow convicts to be released, most often in the form of parole, in addition to life imprisonment. In the second half of the 20th century, life imprisonment in many countries, similar to the death penalty, came under the attack of critics who consider it “inhumane” and ineffective, given that life imprisonment by the imposition of that sentence is considered to be permanently expelled from society, i.e. they lose any interest in rehabilitation. In recent decades, international standards in the field of prisoner protection have insisted on creating conditions under which prisoners have access to human rights during the process of execution of the sentence, especially by meeting the requirements for health care of prisoners serving life imprisonment. Those sentenced to life imprisonment have needs and interests as a natural entity, because they are human beings and enjoy natural and objective rights, and the state has the responsibility to ensure such rights, regardless of the extent to which they committed the crime.
YANGI O‘ZBEKISTONDA KO‘ZI OJIZ VA ZAIF KO‘RUVCHI BOLALAR TA’LIM TIZIMI
Authors: Naimova Durdona
Published: October 2024

Ushbu maqolada koʻzi ojiz va zaif koʻruvchi bolalar taʼlim olishing konstitutsiyaviy-huquqiy asoslari, amaldagi normativ-huquqiy hujjatlarda koʻzi ojiz va zaif koʻruvchi bolalar taʼlim olishi uchun yaratilgan shart-sharoitlar haqida maʼlumot beriladi.  Maxsus maktablarda taʼlim oluvchi koʻzi ojiz va zaif koʻruvchi bolalarning taʼlim jarayonlarida muloqot va nutqni takmillashtirish boʻyicha milliy qonunchilik hujjatlarida belgilangan ustuvor vazifalar haqida atroflicha muhokama qilingan.
TALABALARNING TEXNIK KOMPETENTLIGINI RIVOJLANTIRISH ASOSLARI
Authors: Xoliqova Nargiza
Published: October 2024

Maqolada talabalarning texnik kompetentligi hamda fanlar gʻoyalariga asoslangan holda ijodiy faoliyatini rivojlantirishga yoʻnaltirilgan turli yondashuvlar haqida soʻz yuritiladi. Ixtisoslik fanlarni oʻqitishda taʼlim oluvchilarda ijodiy–texnologik tafakkur, texnologik qobiliyatlar majmui va shaxsiy sifatlar: ijtimoiy moslashuv, raqobatbardoshlik, kasbiy faoliyatga tayyorlikni rivojlantirish orqali texnologik, ekologik, iqtisodiy madaniyatni shakllantirishga yoʻnaltirilgan oʻqitish va tarbiyaning tashkiliy jarayoni muhim mezonlardan biri sanaladi.
LA ADMINISTRACIÓN PÚBLICA Y SU ENCRUCIJADA
Authors: Jiménez Loaiza Valeria del Cisne , Quiroz Castro Cristian Ernesto
Published: October 2024

En Ecuador, la administración pública se enfrenta al complejo desafío de equilibrar la utilidad pública con la figura de reversión de bienes inmuebles. Esta situación emerge en el contexto de la implementación de resoluciones administrativas que legitiman la expropiación, exigiendo una justa valoración e indemnización para los propietarios afectados. La capacidad del Estado para gestionar adecuadamente estos procesos es crucial para preservar la confianza en las instituciones públicas y asegurar la equidad en la distribución de recursos.
La resolución administrativa que declara la utilidad pública e interés social conlleva una responsabilidad inherente para el Estado, que debe utilizar los bienes expropiados conforme a los fines establecidos. En caso de incumplimiento, la reversión del bien se convierte en un mecanismo que permite al propietario recuperar su propiedad, fortaleciendo así la protección del derecho de propiedad y garantizando la legalidad en las expropiaciones. Esta interacción resalta la importancia de un marco normativo sólido que asegure la correcta aplicación de estos principios.
La reversión no establece si la restitución del bien debe ser obligatoria o depender del consentimiento de las partes involucradas. Además, la falta de directrices claras sobre los efectos económicos para la Administración Pública y el propietario complica aún más el panorama. El estudio de esta figura legal, en el contexto de la declaratoria de utilidad pública e interés social, resulta no solo relevante desde una perspectiva jurídica, sino también desde un enfoque ético y social, enfatizando la necesidad de un Estado que actúe con transparencia y en el mejor interés de sus ciudadanos.
Design and Implementation of a GSM-Based Home Protection System Against Gas Cylinder Explosion
Authors: Ahmed Tamim , Islam Muhammad Johirul , Chowdhury Md. Hojaifa Daiyan , Chowdhury Md. Rashique Hamjah , Chowdhury Md. Iqbal Bahar
Published: October 2024

The aim of this work is to design and implement a GSM-based smart home protection system against the possible life-threatening firing and damage of properties due to gas cylinder explosions. These hazardous explosions are increasingly happened in Bangladesh in the recent years and hence, become serious concerns for the safety of individuals residing in a house. The system designed and implemented in this work can identify unnatural gas leakage by using gas sensors and also, sense unusual temperature increases due to firing inside a house or a restaurant by using temperature sensors. The proposed system ensures multi-level security. The audio and visual alerts are ensured by the use of fire alarms and LEDs respectively. Using GSM module, the system also makes emergency calls and sends SMS to the owner and the nearby fire station to take prompt actions. One servo motor stops the gas valve to cease the gas leakage and another one starts the water valve to flow water to reduce the temperature. Additionally, an exhaust fan is used to reduce the room temperature and let the gas flow out. Therefore, the proposed system is a potential solution to reduce life risks and property damage due to gas cylinder explosion.
Bubble Wrap Is for Packages, Not for People: Balancing Duty of Care and Dignity of Risk
Authors: Bundy Anita
Published: October 2024

Supporting clients and their families to live ordinary lives lies at the heart of occupational therapy. But an ordinary life—no matter who is living it—is full of risks, and risks often make us a little anxious. What if I, as a practitioner, encourage a client to take a risk and something undesirable does happen? Will I have shirked my duty of care? Not all experiences we label risky lead to undesirable outcomes. Some simply involve challenges: pushing people beyond their comfort zone so they can achieve more than ever before. Self-esteem is born out of meeting challenges; so is respect. In supporting clients and families to meet the challenges of an ordinary life, we balance duty of care with dignity of risk.