bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Mungbean Yield and Soil Health Through Vermicompost-Based Integrated Nutrient Management Practices in Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Ariful , Haque Rabiul
Published: November 2024

Mungbean (Vigna radiata) is a key pulse crop in Bangladesh, playing a crucial role in the country's agricultural economy and food security. However, challenges such as soil degradation, nutrient depletion, and low yield potential hinder its productivity. This study investigates the effects of integrated nutrient management (INM) practices, including vermicompost, on the yield, quality, and soil health of mungbean (Vigna radiata) in the coastal region of Gopalganj, Bangladesh. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) was employed with three treatment groups: control (traditional inorganic fertilizers), organic fertilization (vermicompost), and integrated nutrient management (a combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers). Results indicated that the INM treatment significantly improved the emergence rate, with 85% of seeds emerging within 8 days, compared to 75% and 70% in the organic and control treatments, respectively. Plant growth parameters, including plant height (60 cm) and the number of leaves (15), were highest in the INM treatment, followed by the organic (50 cm and 12 leaves) and control treatments (45 cm and 10 leaves). The INM group also showed the highest mungbean yield (26 tons/ha), with larger average tuber weight (180 g) and fewer defects (5%), compared to the organic (22 tons/ha, 160 g, 10% defects) and control groups (20 tons/ha, 150 g, 15% defects). Soil health assessments revealed significant improvements in soil nutrient content, including nitrogen (24 mg/kg), phosphorus (18 mg/kg), and potassium (230 mg/kg), and higher microbial activity (130) in the INM treatment, suggesting enhanced soil fertility. These results highlight the potential of INM practices in improving mungbean productivity, quality, and long-term soil health, offering a sustainable approach to agriculture in Bangladesh. This study underscores the importance of adopting integrated fertilization strategies to achieve higher crop yields and ensure soil sustainability.
Decentralizing AI Computing: A Study with IPFS and Public Peer‐to‐Peer Networks
Authors: Venkatesh M.J Guru , R. Dharun , Prathosh. S Guru , A. Nilesh , Sameer I. Mohamed , G Srivatsan
Published: November 2024

Ipfs and public peer-to-peer (P2P) networks were adopted to make AI calculations more decentralized. Taking AI workloads over a decentralized network could bring better fault tolerance, guarantee data safety, and increased privacy. This research explores the challenges of centralized AI, such as data confidentiality, scalability, and accessibility, while discussing the promise of decentralized AI. Combining IPFS with decentralized systems improves scalability, data protection, and fault tolerance.
Artificial Intelligence Transformations in Digital Advertising: Historical Progression, Emerging Trends, and Strategic Outlook
Authors: Martin Ava
Published: November 2024

The introduction of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has fundamentally transformed digital advertising, advancing precision, efficiency, and scalability far beyond the capabilities of traditional advertising methods. This paper presents a detailed analysis of AI’s integration into the advertising sector, focusing on critical technologies, including multi-touch attribution (MTA), reinforcement learning (RL), recommendation systems (RS), and large language models (LLMs). We examine the evolution of AI in digital marketing, explore current trends, and assess emerging technologies such as federated learning and transfer learning, emphasizing their role in real-time ad personalization, campaign optimization, and enhanced user engagement. Through an exploration of AI-driven strategies used by major corporations such as Google, IBM, and Coca-Cola, this paper underscores AI’s transformative impact on advertising and anticipates future trends that may further revolutionize the field. Additionally, we address key challenges of deploying AI at scale, including issues of interpretability, ethical considerations, and data privacy, offering potential solutions.
The Restriction and Balance of Prior Rights on the Right of Enterprise Name
Authors: Wang Hongxin
Published: November 2024

With the development of the market economy and the increasing awareness of intellectual property protection, the protection scope and balance between enterprise name rights and other prior rights have become increasingly prominent as an important commercial identification right. This article aims to explore the limitations of prior rights, especially prior trademark rights, on the ownership of enterprise names, and how to seek a reasonable balance between the two.
The Influence Of The Level Of Knowledge And Attitudes Of Acceptors On The Low Use Of Intra Uterine Contraception Devices In The Comoro Health Center, Dili, Timor-leste, 2024
Authors: M. Q da Silva Sarmento Teresinha , Nahak Martinus , Soares Domingos , Silva Valente , Guterres Correia Avelino
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices (IUD) is a contraceptive device that inserted into the uterus. In Municipality Dili, IUD use is 5.6% and in Community Health Center (CHC) Comoro about 3.4. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of acceptor knowledge and attitudes on the low practice of using IUD at Comoro Community Health Center. Method: The quantitative design-cross sectional approach was used in the study. Total population about 2881 family planning acceptors who did not use the IUD contraceptive method visited CHC Comoro. About 106 respondents was included, used accidental sampling technique. Data collected use questionnaire and analyzing used univariate and bivariate. Result: The multiple linear regression test on the Knowledge are 0.016 < 0,05, which means that there is a partially significant influence of Knowledge on practice and attitude is 0.003< 0.05, which means that there is a partially significant influence between attitudes on practice. The correlation value on the F test was 0.00< 0.05, meaning that there was a significant simultaneous influence between Knowledge, attitude on practice. Conclusion: There is an influence of acceptor’s Knowledge and attitude on the practice of IUD contraceptive use partially in partially and simultaneous.
ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF AN EMERGING INCLUSIVE ECONOMY
Authors: Zaitsev Yurii , Batih Vladyslav
Published: November 2024

The article substantiates the necessity for enterprises to adapt to modern challenges and opportunities associated with the development of an inclusive economy. It analyzes contemporary trends and key issues impacting the functioning of enterprises in this context. The research delves into the critical aspects of managing enterprise development, including strategic planning, organizational changes, and innovative business approaches. Emphasis is placed on the importance of a systemic approach to solving these problems, which involves the active participation of the state, business, and civil society. The key aspects of managing enterprise development in the context of an inclusive economy are explored. In particular, strategic planning plays a crucial role in determining priority development areas, setting goals, and tasks that meet the requirements of an inclusive economy. A comprehensive set of measures aimed at enhancing the efficiency of enterprise development management in the context of an inclusive economy is proposed. The need for enterprises to adapt to the evolving landscape of an inclusive economy is becoming increasingly imperative. The dynamics of the modern economic environment, characterized by rapid technological advancements, globalization, and shifting consumer preferences, necessitate that businesses not only seek profitability but also contribute to social and environmental well-being. This dual focus on financial performance and societal impact is essential for achieving sustainable growth and maintaining competitive advantage. Training and skill development are critical components of an inclusive economy. Enterprises must invest in continuous learning and professional development programs to enhance the capabilities of their workforce. Professional development programs should focus on upskilling and reskilling employees, enabling them to adapt to new technologies and market demands. Collaboration with educational institutions can bridge the gap between academia and industry, ensuring that graduates possess the skills required by the labor market. Enterprises should encourage employees to engage in continuous education and provide access to online courses, workshops, and seminars.
GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY: SECURITY FACTORS AND CURRENT TRENDS
Authors: Kuzoma Vitalii
Published: November 2024

The issue of ensuring global food security remains one of the leading and decisive issues for all countries in the world, without exception. The implementation of the goals of sustainable development, which have become a strategic priority for society, has separated the problems of overcoming hunger and ensuring the health of the population as key and the main priority for the further existence of humanity. The article examines the essence of the category "food security" from various scientific and methodological positions and conducts a comprehensive review of the prominent trends that accompany the aspects of solving the issue of achieving food security on a global scale. The main elements of the agro-food system as a resource base for ensuring global food security are separated: 1) a sufficient amount of safe, high-quality food; 2) healthy nutrition of the population; 3) inclusive distribution of income and expenses of the population; 4) prevention of climate change, sustainability and conservation of biological resources. A set of key factors influencing the possibilities of ensuring global food security has been identified: population size, science and technology, climate change, imperfect global food distribution mechanisms, problems of gender inequality, urbanization processes, and inclusive gaps between the living conditions of the population, the growing scale of political and military conflicts The model's architecture, which contains the essential characteristics of achieving global food security, is outlined. Critical trends for achieving global food security were identified and assessed. Among them: the relative stability of the problem of world hunger, in particular, in individual world regions; increasing the level of dependency, hunger, and gender inequality; the growth of inclusive gaps in the economic availability of food; increase in the level of urbanization of the population; the health problem of a large part of the world's population and the strengthening of the trend of healthy eating. Ukraine, a significant player in the global agri-food market, holds substantial potential to combat the world's hunger crisis. The key to unlocking this potential lies in resolving the ongoing military conflict within Ukraine's borders and restoring the country's agricultural resources and production capabilities through sustainable development.
RESEARCH OF PROCESSES OF TRANSFORMATION OF THE ROLE OF THE STATE IN REGULATING ECONOMIC PROCESSES: LOGICAL-HISTORICAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Starodubtseva Liubov
Published: November 2024

The article aims to analyze the evolution of views on the state's role in regulating economic processes using the methodological approach of combining the historical and logical, constructing an objective process of modifying the economic system and subjectivizing it within the framework of the concepts of mainstream economics. The conditions for the transformation of theoretical views based on the determination of the influence of the basic parameters of the economic system are studied, among which the primary attention is paid to the characteristics of the competitive environment. The dialectic of the evolution of theoretical visions is presented as a transition from the dominance of supporters of market self-regulation (classical political economy) to a significant expansion of the functions of the state with an emphasis on the pluralism of approaches to the recognition of the most effective strategies for the implementation of economic policy with the selection of personalized views on the optimal system of its instrumental content. The logic of forming a two-factor model of macroeconomic regulation of the market economy based on historical relativity is revealed. It is shown that the state's acquisition of the role of a social center is a consequence of the delegation of part of its functions by economic subjects in the pursuit of realizing the interests of both the monopoly sector (it was freed from the need to eliminate the structural disparities created by it), and the non-monopolist sector and consumers (they received guarantees of protection competitive features). The stages in the dominance of liberal doctrines and dirigisme policies in the economic theory and practice of the late 20th - early 21st centuries were studied. The main task of modernizing the content of macroeconomic policy in the conditions of transferring the problems of optimizing the distribution of resources to the supranational level, the erosion of state sovereignty is outlined, which consists of finding individual national trajectories of a combination of integration into global economic structures and justified economic nationalism.
PENGEMBANGAN WEB SERVICE MENGGUNAKAN FRAMEWORK FASTAPI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMUDAHAN INTEGRASI SISTEM INFORMASI AKADEMIK MULTIPLATFORM
Authors: Safitri Aprilyani Nur , Harkespan Imanuel
Published: November 2024

Academic activities at Dian Nuswantoro University are managed using a web-based and mobile-based (Android and IOS) academic information system for students, lecturers, educators, and parents (guardians). The data retrieval process used by the academic information system is currently in each system itself so that it is prone to errors. Therefore, a back-end service is needed in the form of a web service that acts as a portal for the data retrieval process that can be used by the multiplatform academic information system. In addition to helping to avoid data retrieval errors, the web service that is built also provides complete and easy-to-understand documentation of web service usage. The average time required for the web service to provide a response when accessed by 1000 users is 6198ms (minimum 17ms and maximum 10017ms), meaning that the web service has good performance under high loads. The Extreme Programming method was chosen for the development of the web service in this study. This method consists of four stages, namely planning (analysis of what the system needs), design (visualization with Use Case diagrams), coding (using FastAPI Framework), and the last is testing (using BlackBox and JMeter for testing functions and security). The simplicity of this method can support the achievement of the desired results, namely a back-end service in the form of a web service, which can be used by a multi-platform academic information system to exchange data easily and accurately so that errors can be avoided, especially inconsistencies in presenting academic data.
Optimization of Harmony Improvement in Led Lights Using The MQPSO Method
Authors: Putra Bintang Pratama Krisna , Setiawidayat Sabar , Hunaini Fachrudin
Published: November 2024

Currently, there are many types of lighting used in the lighting field, one of which is LED lighting. Harmonics is a phenomenon in the electrical system that causes quality disturbances because the current waveform or voltage of the power source is distorted and can cause disturbances in the electrical system. In this research, mathlab was used with the MQPSO method to optimize LED lamp harmonics and reduce the THD value. This method uses a series of LED lighting components to optimize harmonic values. The components that make up the LED light circuit in question are resistors, capacitors and inductors. The optimization results show the best R, L, and C values ​​in the 53rd swarm (particle), and convergence values ​​are achieved in the 17th iteration with a fitness value of 0.5 and an R1 value of 550 Ω, and R2 530 Ω, R3 220 Ω, C1 1.0409 μF, C2 1.0117 μF, C3 1.0221 μF, L1 4.9984 H. The resulting THD and C-RMS values ​​are 1.4901% and 61.674%.
Management of School Culture Change in Islamic Education and Its Impact on Madrasah Tsanawiyah Administrative Performance in Ciparay Bandung
Authors: Syam'iyah Syam'iyah , Salim Agil Moh Rifqi
Published: November 2024

An effective school is built upon the presence of well-performing human resources, including administrative employees who play a strategic role in the school's progress. School culture is one of the key factors influencing the performance of administrative employees. This study aims to determine the relationship between school culture change management and administrative performance among staff at Madrasah Tsanawiyah in Ciparay District, Bandung Regency. The research employs a quantitative approach, specifically a correlational method. Data was collected through questionnaire distribution. The data was then analyzed using various techniques, including instrument tests, partial indicator analysis, prerequisite tests (normality and linearity tests), correlation tests, and the coefficient of determination test. The results indicate that school culture change management is significantly correlated with administrative performance, with a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05. The correlation coefficient obtained is 0.770, which indicates a strong positive relationship, as it falls within the 0.61 - 0.80 category. Furthermore, the coefficient of determination (R-square) is 0.592, which means that 59.2% of the variation in administrative performance can be explained by the management of school culture change
Propagation of Hydraulic Fractures and Natural Fractures: The Bypassing Behavior in 3D Space
Authors: Wang Yunpeng , Chen Ming , Guo Tiankui , Wang Zhen , Qu Zhanqing , Zhang Bo
Published: November 2024

The interaction between natural fractures (NFs) and hydraulic fractures (HFs) in 3D space poses significant challenges to numerical simulation. The interaction behaviors between HFs and NFs in 3D space include crossing, offset, stopping, and bypassing. Many existing numerical simulators are 2D, which inherently limits their ability to account for the vertical growth of fractures. Consequently, they are unable to model the bypassing behavior effectively.

In this paper, a mathematical model for the propagation of HFs and NFs in a naturally fractured reservoir is established. The displacement discontinuity method (DDM) is used to solve the rock deformation, while the finite difference method (FDM) is utilized to solve the fluid flow within fractures. The undirected graph structure is used to represent the complex fracture network, and a dynamic adjustment of grid connectivity method is implemented to describe the process by which HFs bypass NFs. By integrating with graphics processing unit (GPU) computing, an efficient 3D simulator for HFs and NFs propagation is developed. The accuracy is verified against analytical solutions and reference solutions. Subsequently, a series of numerical studies on the bypassing behavior are conducted. The primary findings are as follows: (1) The simulator can accurately capture the interactions between HFs and NFs in 3D space, including crossing, arresting, and bypassing behaviors. (2) The bypassing behavior is characterized by three distinct processes—intersection, height growth of HF, and bypassing. (3) During the intersection stage, both the injection pressure and maximum NF width increase. During the height growth stage, the pressure is relatively stable, while the maximum NF width continues to increase. These two stages together result in the “storage” phenomenon. Once the bypassing behavior occurs, both the pressure and the maximum NF width decrease sharply, leading to a “release” phenomenon. Additionally, the “storage” and “release” phenomena may impact proppant transport. (4) Given the presence of bypassing behavior, it is essential to consider the NFs in 3D fracture simulators. The simulator and its findings can provide valuable insights for field design.
WITHDRAWN: Values of Lymphocyte-Related Ratios in Predicting the Clinical Outcome of Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Receiving Intravenous Thrombolysis Based on Different Etiologies
Authors: Li Yongyu , Chen Keyang , Wang Lu , Zhao Linhu , Lei Chunyan , Gu Yu , Zhu Xiaoyan , Deng Qionghua
Published: November 2024

The full text of this preprint has been withdrawn by the authors due to author disagreement with the posting of the preprint. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as a reference. Questions should be directed to the corresponding author.
An Automatic Recognition of Indian Dish and Allergen Prediction Using DeepLearning
Authors: Kadam Viren , Thengade Anita , Gunjal Anita , Aher Jayashree
Published: November 2024

The research addresses the issue of image variability in practical settings by introducing a deep learning-based system for allergy prediction and Indian dish recognition. Food plays a big part in supporting a healthy lifestyle, which is becoming more and more popular globally. Recognizing the different types of food and the allergies that are in it is crucial. With the help of convolutional neural networks and visual transformers, the model can predict possible allergies and identify foods with accuracy, which is important for managing diet and raising awareness of allergens. Its uses are extensive in the food service, medical, and nutrition domains, providing workable answers for safer and better-informed nutritional selections in Indian food. Extensive analysis validates the model's effectiveness and potential influence on many sectors. In this study, various CNN architectures, including ResNet50, VGG16, VGG19, and a custom CNN, were employed for Indian Dish Recognition and Allergy Prediction. To enhance model accuracy, techniques such as image augmentation were integrated. While certain models showed promising results, reaching a maximum accuracy of 81%, others did not meet the desired expectations. To improve performance, Vision Transformers (ViTs) were employed, resulting in a remarkable accuracy of 92%.
Utilizing Echocardiography for Cardiotoxicity Detection in Breast and Colorectal Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy
Authors: Rezwani Abdullatif , Shekarchizadeh Masood , Najafian Jamshid , Massoudi Soraya , Zavar Reihaneh , Sadeghi masoumeh , Darakhshandeh Ali , Vafaei Zamaneh , Akhavan Ali , Khosravifarsani Mohammadreza , Ashrafi Farzaneh , Mehrzad Valiollah , Sharifi Mehran , Emami Mohammad Hassan , Esfahani Mansoureh Shekarchizadeh , Sarrafzadegan Nizal
Published: November 2024

Background
Chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity poses a significant challenge in the management of breast and colorectal cancer patients, necessitating early detection strategies to reduce adverse cardiac outcomes.
Methods
This prospective multicenter cohort study was conducted between 2019 and 2024 to assess the efficacy of echocardiography for cardiotoxicity detection in patients undergoing chemotherapy for breast and colorectal cancer. Comprehensive echocardiographic evaluations were performed at base-line before initiation of chemotherapy and at six-month intervals, with additional assessments at one, two-, and three-year intervals post-treatment initiation.
Results
The study encompassed 203 patients, classified into two groups: those diagnosed with cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) (n = 30) and those without CTRCD (n = 173). There were no significant differences between two groups in terms of demographic factors, comorbidities, lifestyle factors, and cancer type. Patients undergoing treatment for colon cancer experience significant changes in diastolic function, left ventricular volume indices, left atrial dimensions, and right ventricular function (P-value < 0.05). Similarly, patients with breast cancer undergoing treatment exhibit alterations in left ventricular function and volumes (P-value < 0.05). Furthermore, our study reveals that the use of Trastuzumab in breast cancer patients is significantly associated with a higher incidence of CTRCD; however, no significant association was found for other chemotherapy regimen including 5-FU, Capecitabine, Oxaliplatin, Irinotecan, Adriamycin, Epirubicin, Pertuzumab, and Cyclophosphamide.
Conclusion
The observed changes in LVEF and E/e' ratio suggest potential impacts of cancer treatment on cardiac function, emphasizing the necessity of cardiac monitoring in these patients.
Clinicians’ Perspectives on Antibiotic Use: A Study in a Suburban Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria
Authors: Akhigbe Marvelous E. , Ighodaro Osazuwa , Ghouse Mohamed A. , A Offiong A. , Emekolom Obiajulum N. , Okoro Obianujunwa V. , Saka Sulymon A.
Published: November 2024

Background
Antibiotic misuse significantly contributes to the global challenge of antimicrobial resistance. Evaluating clinicians' prescribing practices is crucial for improving antibiotic stewardship and minimizing resistance.
Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of clinicians concerning antibiotic prescribing and to identify factors influencing their prescribing behaviors at Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Edo State, Nigeria.
Methods
A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted from January to August 2024. A sample of 205 clinicians from five departments was randomly selected. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire designed to assess their knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding antibiotic prescriptions.
Results
The survey revealed that 158 (77.1%) of the participants had good knowledge of antibiotic prescribing, and 185 (90.2%) and 189 (92.2%) of the clinicians reported adhering to hospital and international guidelines, respectively. Despite this, only 73 (35.6%) had attended recent training on antibiotic use. Influencing factors included poor-quality antibiotics 113 (55.1%) and increased clinical experience 99 (48.3%). Although 99 (48.3%) of the clinicians felt confident in their prescribing abilities, prescription alterations by senior colleagues were noted.
Conclusion
Clinicians at Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital generally possess good knowledge and adherence to antibiotic guidelines. However, insufficient training and poor-quality antibiotics are barriers to optimal prescribing practices. Enhancing continuous education and improving drug quality are essential to advancing antibiotic stewardship and combating resistance.
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells transport connexin43 via tunneling nanotubes to alleviate isopreterenol-induced myocardial hypertrophy
Authors: Zhang Jianghui , Jiang Hongfeng , Liu Sa , Xian Zhong , Zhao Limin , Li Yue , Lu Wenxiu , Shao Changrong , Chai Sanbao
Published: November 2024

Background
Paracrine signaling plays an important role in stem cell therapy. However, it alonecannot fully explain the therapeuticmechanisms of stem cell therapy in treating heart diseases. Recently, tunneling nanotubes (TNTs)—a novel type of long-distance intercellular connectional structure—have been identified between mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and cardiomyocytes (CMs). TNTs mediate the transmission of multiple signaling molecules, enabling cells to exert different biological functions. In the present study, we investigated the role of TNTs in MSC-based therapy for myocardial hypertrophy.
Methods
MSCs and CMs were co-cultured for 24 h with or without isopreterenol (ISO) to induce myocardial hypertrophy. Confocal microscopy was used to quantify and analyze the number, morphology, composition, and cell source of TNTs between MSCs and CMs. The effects of ISO on CMs were assessed by comparing cell area (measured by confocal microscopy) and expression levels of hypertrophy-related genes (using qRT-PCR) under co-culture and trans-well culture conditions. Flow cytometry was employed to assess the transfer of connexin43 (Cx43) from MSCs to CMs; lentivirus-mediated Cx43 overexpression and Cx43 siRNA were used to investigate the effects of Cx43 on ISO-induced myocardial hypertrophy.
Results
ISO stimulation significantly increased the number, length, and thickness of TNTs between MSCs and CMs (number: P<0.05; length and thickness: P<0.01). ISO also increased the proportion of TNTs containing microtubules and those derived from MSCs (P<0.05). Co-culture conditions were more effective than trans-well culture in alleviating ISO-induced myocardial hypertrophy (P<0.05). Furthermore, Cx43 was observed in TNTs, and ISO enhanced the transfer of Cx43-mCherry from MSCs to co-cultured CMs (P<0.05). Overexpression of Cx43 in CMs alleviated myocardial hypertrophy, whereas knocking down of Cx43 in MSCs reduced their ability to alleviate myocardial hypertrophy (P<0.05).
Conclusions
Our results demonstrate that ISO promotes the formation of TNTs, particularly between MSCs and CMs, and induces changes in the morphology of TNTs (thickening and lengthening). Additionally, MSCs transmitted Cx43 to CMs via TNTs, which contributes to the alleviation of ISO-induced myocardial hypertrophy. These results suggest that TNTs represent an important mechanism in MSC-mediated therapy for myocardial hypertrophy.
Time-course RNA sequencing reveals high similarity in mRNAome between hepatic stellate cells activated by agalactosyl IgG and TGF-β1
Authors: Ho Cheng-Hsun , Kao Chieh
Published: November 2024

Previous studies have demonstrated the clinical relevance of aberrant serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) N-glycomic profiles in liver fibrosis and the pathogenic effects of agalactosyl IgG on activating hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). However, the dynamics of gene expression changes during HSC activation by agalactosyl IgG remain poorly understood. We performed RNA sequencing to analyze the mRNAome of human LX-2 HSCs at multiple time points after treatment with agalactosyl IgG and then compared these results with those obtained after normal IgG and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 treatments. Gene expression changes were significantly pronounced on day 5 and subsided by day 11 after HSC activation. A high degree of similarity in gene expression patterns between HSCs treated with agalactosyl IgG and TGF-β1 was observed, of which 1796 and 1785 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, respectively. Disease ontology analyses revealed that 114 and 115 DEGs in activated HSCs following agalactosyl IgG and TGF-β1 treatments, respectively, were linked to liver cirrhosis, hepatitis, fatty liver disease, hepatitis B, and alcoholic hepatitis, with CCL5 and FAS being the most commonly affected genes. DEGs associated with liver fibrosis or aforementioned liver diseases involved in gene annotation, physiological functions, and signaling pathways regarding secretion of cytokines and chemokines, expression of fibrosis-related growth factors and their receptors, modification of extracellular matrices, and regulation of cell viability in activated HSCs. In conclusion, this study characterized the dynamics of mRNAome and gene networks and identified the liver fibrosis-related DEGs during HSC activation by agalactosyl IgG and TGF-β1.
A Guide for Active Learning in Synergistic Drug Discovery
Authors: Wang Shuhui , Allauzen Alexandre , Nghe Philippe , Opuu Vaitea
Published: November 2024

Synergistic drug combination screening is a promising strategy in drug discovery, but it involves navigating a costly and complex search space. While AI, particularly deep learning, has advanced synergy predictions, its effectiveness is limited by the low occurrence of synergistic drug pairs. Active learning, which integrates experimental testing into the learning process, has been proposed to address this challenge. In this work, we explore the key components of active learning to provide recommendations for its implementation. We find that molecular encoding has a limited impact on performance, while the cellular environment features significantly enhance predictions. Additionally, active learning can discover 60% of synergistic drug pairs with only exploring 10% of combinatorial space. The synergy yield ratio is observed to be even higher with smaller batch sizes, where dynamic tuning of the exploration-exploitation strategy can further enhance performance.
Reduction of pain and functional disability over time in patients treated with zavegepant: A Post-hoc analysis of the BHV3500-301 Phase 3 Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Powell Lauren , O'Sullivan Fiona , Jayasinghe Pramoda , Rogula Basia , Dai Feng , Cirillo Jessica , Sweeney Samantha , Abraham Lucy , Ailani Jessica
Published: November 2024

Background: Migraine is a disabling disorder that impacts 40 million people in the US. Zavegepant is the first calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonist nasal-spray approved for the acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in adults. This study aimed to evaluate the proportion of patients in various pain and functional disability states over 48-hours, for patients treated with zavegepant 10 mg nasal-spray versus placebo.
Methods: This post-hoc analysis included adult patients with >1-year history of migraine from BHV3500-301 (NCT04571060): a phase 3 double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, single-attack study. Over 48 hours, pain severity and functional disability were captured at various timepoints (pre- and post-dosing). The proportion of patients at each pain severity or functional disability state and the time spent in each category was calculated. These were analyzed for patients with complete timepoint data available and using missing not at random (MNAR) imputation for missing timepoints. Predictors of functional disability were assessed using a mixed-effects logistic regression model.
Results: There were 1,269 patients included in the MNAR imputation analysis, and between 630-641 in the complete-case analysis. As early as 15-minutes post-dose, a larger proportion of zavegepant patients achieved no/mild pain compared to placebo, despite balanced migraine severity pre-dose. Furthermore, zavegepant patients spent significantly more time (over 2.5 hours) in pain freedom compared to placebo. Similarly, a higher proportion of patients with normal function was observed with zavegepant vs placebo, as early as 30-minutes post-dose. Over 48-hours, patients treated with zavegepant spent an average of ~3-hours longer with normal functioning compared to placebo. Results were similar when analyzing both analytic groups. In a regression model, treatment with zavegepant, lower pain severity, fewer baseline monthly migraine days, and absence of photophobia, phonophobia, and nausea were associated with better functioning (p<0.05) over 48-hours.
Conclusion: Zavegepant was associated with a greater proportion of patients with mild/no pain compared to placebo, as early as 15-mins post-dose. On average, zavegepant treatment was associated with an additional 2.5-hours of time in pain freedom compared to placebo. Similarly, zavegepant was associated with fast and sustained return to function compared to placebo, resulting in more time spent with normal functioning over 48-hours.
The removal of Cr(VI) in groundwater by biochar loaded with nano zero-valent-iron: efficiency, mechanism and influence of original matrix
Authors: Meng Xianrong , Xu Wei , Wang Yan , Wu Mian
Published: November 2024

Biochar (BC) loading nano-zero-valent iron (nZVI) is an effective way to reduce the agglomeration of nZVI and enhance the activity of BC. nZVI@xBC composites were synthesized by liquid phase reduction method according to different Fe/C mass ratios. The removal mechanism of Cr(VI) and key influencing factors were explored. Results showed that the removal of Cr(VI) included two mechanisms of adsorption and reduction, and reduction accounted for more than 80% in the removal of Cr (VI). The specific removal efficiency of Cr(VI) by nZVI@2BC was about 6 times that of BC and more than 10 times of nZVI. PH affects the removal efficiency of Cr(VI) by changing surface electronegativity, dispersion and metal ion morphology of material. High removal rate of Cr(VI) (> 90%) was achieved at the range of pH 2~5. The removal process of Cr(VI) conformed to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isothermal adsorption model, indicating that chemical adsorption was dominant and adsorption process was endothermic. The surface functional groups of nZVI@2BC participated in the adsorption removal of Cr(VI) by physical interactions such as complexation and electrostatic adsorption, while the surface metal (nZVI) participated in the reduction removal of Cr(VI) by electron transfer. In addition to HCO3-1, anions and cations and low concentration of humic acid in groundwater had little effect on the removal of Cr(VI) by nZVI@2BC. nZVI@2BC had a strong ability to remove Cr(VI) and was almost unaffected by original matrix in the actual groundwater. nZVI@2BC has a good application prospect in remediation of chromium polluted groundwater.
Fake Tweets Detection and Its Impacts on the 2020 U.S. Election Prediction
Authors: Qorib Miftahul , Kim Junwhan
Published: November 2024

The increased social media usage in modern history instigates data collection from various users with different backgrounds. Mass media has been a rich source of information and might be utilized for countless purposes, from business and personal to political determination. Because more people tend to express their opinions through social media platforms, researchers are excited to collect data and use it as a free survey tool on what the public ponders about a particular issue. Because of the detrimental effect of news on social networks, many irresponsible users generate and promote fake news to influence public belief on a specific issue. The U.S. presidential election has been a significant and popular event, so both parties invest and extend their efforts to pursue and win the general election. Undoubtedly, spreading and promoting fake news through social media is one of the ways negligent individuals or groups sway societies toward their goals. This project examined the impact of removing fake tweets to predict the electoral outcomes during the 2020 general election. Eliminating mock tweets has improved the correctness of model prediction from 74.51 percent to 86.27 percent with the electoral outcomes of the election. Finally, we compared classification model performances with the highest model accuracy of 99.74634 percent, precision of 99.99881 percent, recall of 99.49430 percent, and an F1 score of 99.74592 percent. The study concludes that removing fake tweets improves the correctness of the model with the electoral outcomes of the U.S. election.
Abdominal visceral to subcutaneous fat distribution in dogs: computed tomography accuracy and factors associated with distribution
Authors: Turner Robert B. S. , Firestone S. M. , Dunshea F. R. , Mansfield C. S.
Published: November 2024

Background:
Abdominal fat distribution, particularly visceral fat, is commonly assessed as a marker of obesity-related and metabolic diseases in people. Whilst this relationship may exist, few studies consider the factors that may influence the relative distribution of visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat in dogs. This cross-sectional study evaluated associations between visceral and subcutaneous fat distribution (V/SQ), total abdominal adiposity, body condition score (BCS), age, sex, neuter status, and breed conformation in 205 dogs presenting to a tertiary veterinary hospital. The influence of several disease states on abdominal adiposity and fat distribution was also evaluated. Additionally, the study aimed to assess the reliability of computed tomography (CT) measures of abdominal adiposity and fat distribution.
Results
Total abdominal adiposity increased with age, reaching a plateau around 10 years before gradually decreasing, and was lower in terrier breeds and dogs with neoplasia. The V/SQ fat ratio increased with age and was higher in hounds and terriers, but decreased with increasing BCS, total abdominal adiposity, and thoracic height-width ratio. Additionally, V/SQ was higher in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism. Body condition score was moderately correlated with total abdominal, visceral, and subcutaneous adiposity. Abdominal fat areas measured at L3 overestimated total abdominal and visceral fat percentages but underestimated subcutaneous fat percentages, with increasing bias at higher fat percentages. Linea alba fat measurements were moderately correlated with total abdominal adiposity, but only weakly correlated with abdominal fat distribution.
Conclusions
This study reinforces the association between abdominal adiposity, age, breed category, and potentially certain diseases like neoplasia. Moreover, it highlights the correlation between V/SQ fat distribution, age, and total adiposity, whilst emphasising the preferential distribution of fat to the visceral compartment in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism. The study also identified a novel association between V/SQ fat distribution, specific breed categories and body conformation (i.e. thoracic height-width ratio). Importantly, CT volumetric measures are more reliable in determining abdominal fat distribution than area and linear measures, instilling confidence in the study’s methodology and its implications for future research and clinical practice.
An Improved Method for Strength and Carrier to Noise Ratio Controlling in Repeater GNSS Spoofing
Authors: Li Lixun , Li Du , Gu Wenkun , Zhang Haojie , Wang Yongqing
Published: November 2024

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) spoofing is an effective method for suppressing the unmanned air vehicle (UAV) threat. However, spoofing the unauthorized UAV is a complex task, it is necessary to maintain the signal strength and carrier to noise ratio (CNR) in the rational range. In this paper, an improved signal strength and CNR controlling method based on ranging radar and (APL) is presented. the range between the spoofing transmitter and UAV is measured by ranging radar, and the gain difference between the spoofing and authentic signal are considered by the APL, the spoofing signal strength and CNR are adaptive adjusted based on the measuring value of ranging radar and searching results of the APL. A numerical example is presented to demonstrate the efficiency of the method. Compared with the previous methods, the proposed method not only improves the signal strength stability, but also improves the CNR stability, and the effective range based on the method can cover all areas under arbitrary incident angle of spoofing signal.
Pharyngeal stimulation for adult patients with hiccups during sedated gastroenterological endoscopy: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: ZHAO YUN , GAO YE , LI LIYA , ZHANG XINYING , Xiao ZhaoYang
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND: Hiccups during a sedated gastroenterological endoscopy not only disrupt the smooth progress of the procedure, but also increase the anesthesia-related risks. The hypothesis that pharyngeal stimulation could arrest hiccups during sedated gastroenterological endoscopy was investigated through a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial.
METHODS: 80patients, aged 18 to 70 (ASA I–II), scheduled for elective sedated gastroenterologicalendoscopy and experiencing hiccups persisting for more than 1 minute after endoscope insertion, were randomly allocated into 2 groups: the pharyngeal stimulation group (P group), and the observation group (O group, serving as the control group for the P Group).
(1) P group: Pharyngeal stimulation was performed at T0;
(2) O group: Patients were observed for 30 seconds at T0 (no treatment).
Pharyngeal stimulation, does not always result in immediate cessation of hiccups and may necessitate 30 seconds for stimulation. Therefore, patients in the P group underwent simulation at T0, and the effectiveness rates of the P group and O group were compared at T1.
RESULTS: At T1, hiccups were terminated in 36 patients in the P group (n = 40) (effectiveness rate: 90%) and in 8 patients in the O group (n = 40) (effective rate: 20%), with a calculated odds ratio (OR) of 24.75 (6.66,91.93).
CONCLUSIONS: Pharyngeal stimulation could effectively treat hiccups during the sedated gastroenterological endoscopy.
The study protocol received approval from the Institutional Review Board of The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University (SHDMU-2021-029) and registered at clinicaltrials.gov (ChiCTR2100044907,date of registration: March 29, 2021).First patient was recruited on April 2, 2021.
Picoway-induced Black Spot on the OLED Screen
Authors: Zheng Qiaoyuan , Hu Jintian , Su Xueshang , Zhuang Jun , Wang Shiwei , Li Xiaoning
Published: November 2024

Backround:
Organic light-emitting diodes(OLED) is a material widely used in mobile phone’s screen. Picosecond laser is a kind of short pulse width laser that can be used to treat dermatological diseases. Recently, we recorded a incident when operating a picoway machine, that the laser accidently irradiated a mobile phone screen nearby and induced unexpectedly damage.
Methods/Results:
In order to prevent similar accidents, we conducted repeated experiments with Xiaomi 12, 1064 nanometer light and 532 nanometer light. The same damage occured again when the laser irradiated the screen.
Conclusion
Picosecond laser can deal damage to mobile phone’s OLED screen and cause unnecessary property loss.
Bioinspired Fe 3 O 4 @Ag@ Indocyanine Green / Adenosine triphosphate nanoenzyme in Synergistic Antibacterial Performance
Authors: Hu Dongmei , Wu Qing , Yang Yujun , Wang Yan , Li Yanhao , Chen Haixiang , Tang Liang , Mao Xiang , Wang Zhenyu
Published: November 2024

Metal-based nanoenzymes with excellent biocompatibility and stable chemical properties are an effective antimicrobial agent against bacterial resistance due to their radical-mediated catalysis. In this work, due to the pH of most bacterial infection sites being close to neutral, targeting the problem of Fe3O4@Ag difficulty in maintaining the catalytic activity of nanoenzymes in neutral environments, we prepare a novel multifunctional Fe3O4@Ag@ Indocyanine Green / Adenosine triphosphate peroxidase nanoenzymes for synergistic antibacterial activity. ICG (Indocyanine Green) and ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) are adsorbed on the surface of Fe3O4@Ag through electrostatic adsorption to form its structure. The cell viability remained above 90%, indicating its good biocompatibility. By complexing ATP with nanoenzymes to participate in single electron transfer and binding with Fe (II), ATP promotes the sudden release of ·OH from the system, successfully transferring Fe3O4@Ag the peroxidase activity of nanoenzymes extends to neutral pH. By utilizing ICG as a photosensitizer and a sonosensitizer, under the combined treatment of near-infrared light and ultrasound, the photodynamic therapy (PDT) / photothermal therapy (PTT) / sonodynamic therapy (SDT) functions can be achieved, achieving multifunctional synergistic antibacterial effects. In a neutral environment, its bactericidal efficiency against Gram negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus) is 99.9% and 99.7%, respectively, providing a new multi-mode synergistic antibacterial strategy for bacterial infections.