bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Święty Ansgar (Oskar) i jego posłannictwo misyjne
Authors: Nowak Joachim
Published: May 2019

Ansgar urodził się w Pikardii 8 września 801 r. Był arcybiskupem Hamburga-Bremy oraz apostołem krajów północnych. W dzieciństwie oddano go do opactwa benedyktyńskiego w Corbie. W 823 r. Ansgar został wysłany razem z innymi zakonnikami do Neu-Corbie w Westfalii, gdzie w tamtejszej gminie powierzono mu wprowadzenie systemu szkolnictwa i duszpasterstwa. Był on tam także nauczycielem w szkole klasztornej. Ansgar został przydzielony do wyprawy króla duńskiego Haralda Klaka i pracował jako misjonarz na terenie Danii. Cesarz Ludwik I Pobożny powierzył mu w 829 r. poselstwo w Szwecji. W 831 r. wraca Ansgar z misją od króla szwedzkiego do cesarza. Papież Grzegorz IV po zatwierdzeniu ufundowanego przez Ludwika I Pobożnego arcybiskupstwa w Hamburgu, osadził tam w 834 r. Ansgara i mianował go swoim legatem dla Sasów, Duńczyków i Szwedów. Po zniszczeniu Hamburga w 845 r. przez Normanów Ansgar przeniósł swoją siedzibę do Bremy, uzyskując w 864 r. zatwierdzenie nowej metropolii hambursko-bremeńskiej przez papieża Mikołaja I. Ansgar wznowił misję w Danii i sam wrócił do Szwecji (852–853), zyskując dla misji przychylność króla Olafa i ludu. Ansgar zmarł 3 lutego 865 r. w Bremie. Jego relikwie od 1982 r. znajdują się w katedrze w Hildesheim. Był on głęboko uduchowionym człowiekiem, który kochał modlitwę i odosobnienie, ale jednocześnie był bardzo otwartym na posługę misyjną. Posłannictwo misyjne Ansgara może być dla nas wzorem apostolskiej odwagi do ciągłych pytań o wolę Pana.
Obecność teoretycznych i metateoretycznych założeń współczesnej pedagogiki chrześcijańskiej w De catechizandis rudibus św. Augustyna
Authors: Waga Leszek
Published: May 2019

Celem artykułu jest zbadanie aktualności postulatów wychowawczych św. Augustyna, przedstawionych w rozprawie De catechizandis rudibus, napisanej około 400 r. W pierwszych dwóch częściach rozważań autor dokonał prezentacji metateoretycznych i teoretycznych założeń współczesnej pedagogiki chrześcijańskiej. Założenia te opracował Zespół Pedagogiki Chrześcijańskiej PAN w 2004 r. W części trzeciej założenia te zostały zrekonstruowane na podstawie postulatów wychowawczych zawartych w De catechizandis rudibus. Podejmowane przez św. Augustyna kwestie: otwarcia na dialog ze światem współczesnym, braku autorytaryzmu w wychowaniu oraz uwzględnienia wolnego wyboru wychowanka, realistycznej wizji świata i Kościoła, podmiotowości wszystkich uczestników relacji wychowawczej, integralności wychowania, a także wychowawczej (a nie jedynie moralizatorskiej) funkcji Biblii wpisują się w zagadnienia współczesnej pedagogiki chrześcijańskiej.
Benjamin, leitor de Kierkegaard
Authors: Damião Carla Milani
Published: May 2019

Trata-se de uma apresentação sobre a manifestação de interesse de Walter Benjamin por Kierkegaard. Buscamos nas referências ao pensamento do filósofo dinarmaquês explícitas em seus escritos, mapear citações e indicações, além da resenha que Benjamin escreveu sobre a obra Kierkegaard de Adorno. Levou-se em consideração comentários de alguns intérpretes de Kierkegaard e de Benjamin que se ocuparam da aproximação entre os dois filósofos. Desta apresentação, indicamos um vínculo teórico de virtual importância, presente na obra de Benjamin sobre o drama barroco alemão.
John F. Kennedy and the Desire to Land an American on the Moon
Authors: Clegg Lewis
Published: May 2019

This paper examine John F. Kennedy and how the conditions of the Cold War influenced his decision to launch the Apollo Program in 1961 and eventually land an American on the Moon. This paper argues that Kennedy adopted this program due to the pressure evoked on him from the previous Eisenhower administration and the political embarrassments of his early administration, being the Bay of Pigs invasion and the successful spaceflight of Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin. Kennedy's space efforts reflected a response to Cold War conflicts and allowed him to cement in legacy is Cold War lure. An examination and analyzation of many of Kennedy's speeches and actions provide the foundation of evidence for these claims.
REFLEXÕES SOBRE A FORMAÇÃO DE LEITORES EM EJA: SABERES NECESSÁRIOS PARA A PRÁTICA DOCENTE
Authors: DE OLIVEIRA MACÁRIO ROSELY , GOMES SENNA LUIZ ANTÔNIO
Published: May 2019

Este trabalho apresenta uma reflexão sobre a ação docente em turmas de séries iniciais de Ensino Fundamental da Educação de Jovens e Adultos, no que diz respeito ao campo da formação de leitores.O estudo, preponderantemente teórico, aponta para a necessidade da aproximação entreo conteúdo daformação docente e o aluno real existente na sala de aula, caracterizado pela diversidade,o qual acorre à escola tendo como motivação o desejo de desenvolver as competências leitoras exigidas pela sociedade contemporânea. Os resultados dapesquisa sinalizam a necessidade de diálogo intercultural no contexto escolar, orientado por princípios que definem os atos de ler, dentro e fora do âmbito escolar, em uma perspectiva inclusiva. O trabalho organiza-se em quatro seções, assim discriminadas: consideração sobre a natureza do ensino no contexto da Educação de Jovens e Adultos; caracterização dos sujeitos sociais em diversidade na escola de EJA; princípios gerais e objetivos da formação de leitores na educação fundamental, e; aproximações aos conceitos de leitura e de ato de ler no interesse de práticas educativas inclusivas.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE SNOWBALL THROWING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR IPS SISWA KELAS VIII.B SMP NEGERI 33 MAKASSAR
Authors: Rosmawati Hj.
Published: May 2019

This study aims to improve the learning outcomes of IPS through the implementation of cooperative learning model of snowball throwing type in students of class VIII.B SMP Negeri 33 Makassar. The type of research is action research. The focus of research is the type of cooperative learning model of snowball throwing and IPS learning outcomes. Data were collected using observation, test, and documentation, while the research data was analyzed descriptively. The results of the study that IPS learning outcomes can be increased through the application of cooperative learning model of snowball throwing type. Cycle I, IPS learning outcomes including good category but not yet reached the defined learning completeness criteria, then cycle II is in very good category and has reached defined learning completeness criteria. The increase of learning result of IPS through the implementation of cooperative learning model of snowball throwing type is supported by the increase of students' learning activity, such as: student activeness and group leader listening teacher explanation related to material / theme, making questions, answer written questions in ball-shaped paper, IPS lessons on the theme of location excellence and the life of Indonesian society.
SAMPUL DEPAN, DEWAN REDAKSI, DAFTAR ISI
Authors: DAFTAR ISI SAMPUL DEPAN DEWAN REDAKSI
Published: May 2019

SAMPUL DEPAN, DEWAN REDAKSI, DAFTAR ISI
Look Up and Smile! Seeing through Alexa’s Algorithmic Gaze
Authors: Parvin Nassim
Published: May 2019

Echo Look is one latest product by Amazon built on the artificial intelligence agent Alexa designed to be a virtual fashion assistant. This paper draws on feminist theory to critically engage with the premises and promises of this new technology. More specifically, I demonstrate how the introduction of Echo Look is an occasion to think through ethical and political issues at stake in the particular space it enters, in this case no less than what is perceived of (women’s) bodies and what fashion is and does. In addition, the specific domain helps us see this category of technology anew, illuminating its taken-for-granted assumptions. More specifically, it serves as yet another reminder of what algorithms cannot do and of their oppressive potency.
Introduction to Special Section on Crip Technoscience
Authors: Fritsch Kelly , Hamraie Aimi , Mills Mara , Serlin David
Published: May 2019

This special section of Catalyst maps the central nodes of the emerging field of crip technoscience, which we situate at the intersection of feminist technoscience studies and critical disability studies. Crip technoscience marks areas of overlap between these fields as well as productive disciplinary and political tensions. Our section brings together critical perspectives on disability and science and technology in order to grapple with historical and contemporary debates related to digital and emerging technologies, treatments, risk, and practices of access, design, health, and enhancement.
International Institutions: For better or worst
Authors: Gil Juan Manuel , Aguilera Andrés
Published: May 2019

Este artículo evalúa críticamente el rol de las instituciones internacionales, bajo la visión de los neo-gramscianos y los institucionalistas liberales. Los neo-gramscianos argumentan que el propósito de las instituciones internacionales es mantener el poder hegemónico. Y para lograr este propósito, el sistema capitalista se ha extendido a través de las políticas de libre comercio de la OMC y condicionesen los préstamos del FMI y del Banco Mundial. Por su parte, los institucionalistasliberales sostienen que las instituciones internacionales han permitido la cooperación y facilitado la consecución de objetivos comunes, disminuyendo lainfluencia del poder hegemónico.
Análisis de los resultados de la implementación de la cuota de género en los Concejos municipales del Área Metropolitana de Bucaramanga-Santander
Authors: Vargas Parra Jakeline
Published: May 2019

Este artículo está referido a la implementación obligatoria en Colombia de la cuota del 30% de uno de los géneros en las listas de candidaturas a cargos de elección popular en las que se elijan 5 o más curules. Se enfoca en el nivel subnacional para analizar la efectividad de la cuota de género respecto de la inclusión de las mujeres en los concejos municipales de Bucaramanga, Floridablanca, Girón y Piedecuesta, comparando los resultados de las elecciones de 2011 y 2015 con los de las elecciones 2003 y 2007 previas a la entrada en vigencia de la Ley 1475 de 2011.
Review of Disciplinary Actions Regarding Controlled Substances, Rhode Island 2012–2017
Authors: Barre Luke , Gallo Justin , McDonald James V.
Published: May 2019

Inappropriate and excessive prescribing is an important cause of the opioid epidemic. A retrospective review of disciplinary actions related to controlled substances in Rhode Island from 2012–2017 was undertaken from publicly available data. There were 47 physicians with opioid related disciplinary actions. All of them were male and the average age was 63. Providing targeted academic detailing and stratified continuing medical education to physicians who have been in practice longer than others provides state medical boards with a means of primary prevention of inappropriate and excessive prescribing. This approach may provide a more effective use of limited public health resources.
‘I Cannot Find Any Work or Service ...’ The Unemployed in Vilnius in 1920–1939
Authors: Stravinskienė Vitalija
Published: May 2019

This article analyses a sphere of the social life of the population of Vilnius that has received little attention in historiography, the unemployment problem during the ‘Polish period’ (1920–1939). It discusses the efforts by the government of the time to reduce the number of unemployed in the city, and to mitigate the negative outcomes of unemployment. The author shows why the unemployed of Vilnius received less support than the unemployed in other regions in Poland, and illustrates aspects of their daily life.
Yeşilçam Sineması’nda Şiirsellik Arayışı
Authors: BALCI GÜLPINAR Dilara , YENEN Öykü
Published: May 2019

Sessiz dönem Avrupa
sinemasında, edebiyattaki düzyazı ve şiir türleri arasındaki ayrıma benzer bir
ayrım olduğu fikri ilk kez gündeme gelmiş, “şiirsel film” kavramı ortaya
atılmış; çok sayıda film çekilse de kavram üzerine tanım birliği
kurulamamıştır. Bu makalede ‘’Yeşilçam sinemasında şiirsel üslubun izlerine
rastlamak mümkün mü?‘’ sorusundan yola çıkılarak, geçmişten günümüze sinema ve
şiir etkileşimini konu alan çalışmalar sıralanmış, önemli yönetmen ve
kuramcıların şiirsel film üzerine son derece öznel olan görüşlerinden yararlanılarak
kavramsal çerçeve oluşturulmaya çalışılmıştır. Sinema yazarlarının ve
akademisyenlerin şiirsel üsluplarına değindikleri Yeşilçam filmleri
örneklendirilmiş; 1960’ların ilk yarısında arka arkaya çekilen bu filmlerin
bazı ortak özellikleri olduğu görülmüş; Yeşilçam’da şiirsel film üslubu kurma
çabası önündeki engeller tartışılmıştır. Sevmek
Seni (Cengiz Tuncer, 1965) filmi analiz edilmiş;  şiirsel film üzerine çalışmalarla büyük
ölçüde örtüştüğü ve erken tarihli nadir bir “şiirsel Yeşilçam filmi” örneği
olduğu ileri sürülmüştür.
Sinema Yolu İle Oluşturulan Dünyalar: Yok-Yer, Heterotopya ve Ömer Kavur Sineması
Authors: PÖSTEKİ Nigar
Published: May 2019

Mekân,
sinemasal eylemin sahnesidir. Her sinemasal imge gibi, mekânın da tarihsel,
toplumsal ve kültürel bağları olduğu ve bu bağlar olmaksızın mekânın sinemasal
temsilini anlamlandırmanın eksik kalacağı söylenebilir. Çalışmamızın konusunu
yer-olmayanlar ve/veya heterotopyalar oluşturmaktadır. Foucault
heterotopyaların gerçek mekânda gerçekleştiğini iddia eder. Bu açıdan ele
alınırsa Foucault’nun heterotopya (ötekilik mekânı) olarak tanımladığı mekân
olan sinemayı, ütopyaya yaklaştırma ya da ondan uzaklaştırma filmin seyirciye
sunduğu bu düşünme alanına göre değişebilir. Film
hem gerçek mekân ve kişileri hem de kurgusal mekân ve kişilikleri bir araya
getirmektedir. Bu bağlamda heterotopyanın yapısını ve heterotopya fikrinin
sonunda insanı sürükleyeceği heterotopyalardan doğan sanrısal ütopyayı/distopyayı
anlatması kısacası bir heterotopyanın anatomisini keşfe çıkışı açısından Ömer
Kavur sinemasına değinilecektir. Şu iki noktanın tartışılması sağlanacaktır:-Gerçek mekânımız
ne kadar karmaşık ise, heterotopyalar o kadar düzenli ve mükemmeldir.-Heterotopyalar bir yanılsama mekânı
üretirler ve böylelikle, geri kalan gerçek mekânı da bir yanılsama olarak
sunarlar.
Modern Bireyin ‘Miyop’ Sorunu: Foucault’nun Özne Ve İktidar Kavramları Bağlamında ‘The Lobster’ Filminin Analizi
Authors: DİKER Can
Published: May 2019

Yorgos
Lanthimos’un yönetmenliğini üstlendiği 2015 yapımı The Lobster filmi, yakın bir gelecekte gerçekleşeceği varsayılan
distopik toplum yapısını sürreal bir tarzda kurgulamakta ve bireyin mevcut
sistem içerisinde iktidara karşı yaşadığı baskılanma duygusunu konu
edinmektedir. Filmin evrenini üç farklı mekân oluşturmaktadır: modern toplum
bireylerinin yaşadığı “Kent”, modern toplumu benimsemeyen kaçakların yaşadığı
“Orman” ve bireyleri modern topluma adapte etmek üzere bir eğitim kampı işlevi
gören “Otel”. Filmde mekânlar ve söylemler üzerinden iktidarın üretilmesi ve
şekillendirilmesi gerçekleşmekte, buna göre bireyler üzerinde gözetim oluşturularak
baskıcı bir toplum yapısı yaratılmaktadır. Bu mekânların her birinde diğerinden
farklı iktidar ilişkileri bulunmakta olup, gözetim olgusu hepsinin ortak
noktası olarak sunulur. Bireyler, bulundukları yere göre ilgili mekânın
kurallarına tabi olmakta ve ona göre bireylere yaptıkları eylemlerden ötürü
ödül ve ceza verilmektedir. Bu bağlamda film, Foucault’nun iktidar ve özne
üzerine olan perspektifleriyle oldukça yakın bir ilişki içerisindedir.
Foucault’nun iktidarın her yerde olduğu ve mekânlar üzerinden şekillendirildiği
düşüncelerinden yola çıkılarak, her üç mekânın kendi iktidarını nasıl ürettiği
film üzerinden analiz edilecektir. İktidar karşısında bireyin konumu ve
öznelliği ele alınacak olup, insanların iktidarın nesnesiyken aynı zamanda
nasıl onun üreticisi konumuna geçtikleri de ayrıca tartışılacaktır. Son olarak, modern bireyin içinde
yaşadığı distopik toplumdaki iktidar aşırılığı sorununu tam olarak
kavrayamamasının nedeni, yönetmenin filmdeki tercihleri doğrultusunda
çözümlenecektir. Böylelikle Yunan Yeni Dalga sinemasının önemli bir temsilcisi
olan Yorgos Lanthimos’un distopik film evreni, genel bir perspektif ile
Foucault felsefesine göre özne ve iktidar ilişkileri bağlamında
değerlendirilecektir.
Köpek Dişi ya da “Mülklerin En Tehlikelisi” Olarak Dil
Authors: ÖZDOYRAN Güven
Published: May 2019

Wittgenstein için felsefenin amacı şişenin
içinde hapsolmuş sineğe dışarı çıkmanın yolunu göstermektir. Wittgenstein
açısından metafizik ile sineğin ‘yanlış-bilinci’ aynı türdendir: Şişenin
içindeki sinek, sanki şişenin dışından bakıyormuş gibi ‘şişe’ (dünya) hakkında
yanlış bir biçimde konuşmaktadır. İmgeler üretme gücüne sahip olan sinema, ‘beden-bağımlı-konum
olarak göz’den farklı olarak, bize ‘şişe’yi dışarıdan gösterme kabiliyetine
sahiptir. Yorgos Lanthimos’un Köpek Dişi
(Kynodontas) filmi tam da bize içinde
yaşadığımız şişeye bir meta-bakış ile bakmamızı sağlayan bir evren kurar. Genel
kanının aksine Köpek Dişi filmi ‘normal’
olandan ‘sapma’ durumuna, bir ‘patoloji’ye işaret etmez. Tam tersine, film,
içinde yaşadığımız ve dil yoluyla inşa edilen toplumsallığın ‘gerçek’ ve ‘normal’
olarak algılanmasına yol açan kodları ifşa eder. Aslında, filmde anlatılan hepimizin
hikayesidir. Bu bağlamda, Lacanyen psikanaliz ve Lacan’ın dil’i ve
toplumsallığı kavrama biçimi Köpek Dişi
filmini analiz ederken izleyiciye/okuyucuya güçlü bir enstrüman sağlar. Lacanyen
strateji ile konuşacak olursak film bize hakikatin ne olduğunu anlatmaz, çünkü
hakikat anlatılamayandır. Köpek Dişi
bize hakikatin ne olmadığını ‘gösterir’. Bu bildirinin temel iddiası, Lacan’ın ‘Simgesel
Düzen’i ile Lanthimos’un filminde kurulan evrenin kesiştiği fikridir.
Böylelikle, bu çalışmada Lanthimos’un Köpek
Dişi filmi Lacanyen paradigma merkeze alınarak çözümlenecek ve ‘dil’
denilen apparatusun gerçekliğimizi inşa etme sürecindeki merkezi rolü
tartışılacaktır.
Ahlat Ağacı ve Var-Kalma Çabası
Authors: TÖLE Harun M.
Published: May 2019

Bu çalışmada, Ahlat Ağacı (Nuri Bilge Ceylan, 2018) filmi, Spinoza felsefesinde önemli bir yere sahip olan “var-kalma çabası [conatus]” kavramından hareketle analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı, Ceylan’ın filmi ile “var-kalma çabası [conatus]”  kavramı arasındaki ilişkileri irdelemektir. “Var-kalma çabası [conatus]” kavramını  günümüz Türk sinemasının önemli yönetmenlerinden birisi olan Ceylan’ın son filmi üzerinden ele alan bu çalışmada, filmdeki ana karakterlerin taşrada var-kalma çabaları, arzuları, yaşadıkları karşılaşmalar, sevinç ve kederler ile Spinoza felsefisinin temel kavramlarının filmdeki izleri takip edilerek, ele alınıp incelenmekte ve film ile Spinoza felsefesi arasında kurulan bağlantılar ortaya konmuştur.
Ki Hajar Dewantara Seorang Praktisi Pendidikan di Indonesia
Authors: Siddiq Mohammad
Published: May 2019

Raden Mas Soewardi Soerjaningrat atau yang lebih dikenal dengan nama Ki Hadjar Dewantara adalah seorang aktivis pergerakan kemerdekaan Indonesia, kolumnis, politisi, dan pelopor pendidikan bagi kaum pribumi Indonesia dari zaman penjajahan Belanda. Ia adalah pendiri Perguruan Taman Siswa, suatu lembaga pendidikan yang memberikan kesempatan bagi para pribumi untuk bisa memperoleh hak pendidikan seperti halnya para priyayi maupun orang-orang Belanda. Tanggal kelahirannya diperingati di Indonesia sebagai Hari Pendidikan Nasional. Bagian dari semboyan ciptaannya, tut wuri handayani, menjadi slogan Kementerian Pendidikan Nasional Indonesia. Namanya diabadikan sebagai salah sebuah nama kapal perang Indonesia, KRI Ki Hajar Dewantara. Potret dirinya diabadikan pada uang kertas pecahan 20.000 rupiah tahun edisi 1998. Ia dikukuhkan sebagai pahlawan nasional yang ke-2 oleh Presiden RI, Sukarno, pada 28 November 1959 (Surat Keputusan Presiden Republik Indonesia No. 305 Tahun 1959, tanggal 28 November 1959). Tulisan ini membahas mengenai biografi dan pemikiran pendidikan Ki Hajar Dewantara.
Perkembangan Teori Bahasa dan Budaya
Authors: Siddiq Mohammad
Published: May 2019

Budaya merupakan nosi yang kompleks dan memiliki banyak bentuk yang dapat ditunjukkan di dalam teori antropologi kontemporer. Banyak dari asumsi dasar yang menuntun penelitian antropologi hanya beberapa dekade lalu telah secara kritis dinilai oleh para peneliti generasi baru. Teori-teori yang berkembang dewasa ini berupaya menghindar dari suatu nosi silang tentang budaya dalam bentuk konteks tertentu dan konteks praktik-praktik bebas atau dalam bentuk-bentuk partisipasi. Dalam semua teori budaya yang ditunjukkan di sini, bagaimanapun bahasa sering berperan penting. Terhadap nosi budaya misalnya mempelajari pola-pola perilaku dan praktik-praktik interpretatif, ternyata bahasa bersifat krusial karena bahasa memberikan sistem klasifikasi yang sangat komplekstentang pengalaman. Bahasa juga merupakan suatu jendela yang penting pada alam pemikiran para ilmuwan yang tertarik pada bidang kognitif. Para ahli psikologi dan bahasa telah menyampaikan pada beberapa dekade lalu bahwa bahasa dan pengembangan kognitif sangat berhubungan dan memiliki sistem komunikatif yang kompleks – baik dalam bentuk lisan atau tulisan dan merupakan persyaratan bagi kehidupan intelektual yang kaya akan ilmu.
Smart Transactions
Authors: Mielberg Egger L.
Published: May 2019

Fully realized ACCP-based (Atomicity, Consistency, Concurrency, Permanency) online transactions would allow, first, to connect and manage all associative input transactions to a single output transaction, second, to eliminate any third party that is not a participant of transaction contract, third, to fully automate an execution of multi-steps contracts with a possibility to track them on every step, fourth, to promptly identify and extract any transaction data, and fifth, to dynamically scale a transaction network proportionally to the amount of its active participants.We propose a mechanism that allow every single participant of the transaction network to dynamically manage any transaction on his or her own economic way.
Blockchain Remedy or Poison
Authors: Mielberg Egger L.
Published: May 2019

We propose a brief analysis of Blockchain technology
Bibliotecas para a promoção de autonomia em negócios, inovação e tecnologia
Authors: Sena Priscila Machado Borges , Bedin Jéssica , Blattmann Ursula , González José Antonio Moreiro
Published: May 2019

Research about impacts of technological advances in communication and information has increased exponentially around the world. But in addition to discussing ways to drive innovation, they have also raised concerns about social inequality and, consequently, about the role of educational and cultural institutions in promoting equal access to and use of information. In Brazil, the largest professional and scientific event in the area of Library Science, the Brazilian Congress of Library Science, Documentation and Information Science (CBBD), in 2017 had in the first thematic axis the approach of the Sustainable Development Objectives (ODS), in which it brought the relationship between the objectives and the role of libraries in the process of achieving them. According to the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions, through the development of libraries, it is possible to help people obtain information necessary for access to economic opportunities, gender equality, quality education and to improve their health or to develop their communities. In view of the above, and the theme of the IX Meeting of the Association of Education and Research in Information Science in Latin America and the Caribbean, "Open Data and Digital Inclusion in the Big Data Age", this paper aimed to investigate the actions that are and can be developed in libraries to promote autonomy in business, innovation and technology. Objective corresponding to the thematic line "4 The professionals of the information and documentation in front of the Goals of Sustainable Development of the Agenda of the United Nations", through means of decent employment and economic growth. Thus, a qualitative and descriptive research was carried out to reach the proposed objective. As results, five actions were obtained: 1) direction of spaces for coworking; 2) implantation of the makerspace; 3) courses, workshops and workshops; 4) information skills development programs; 5) Digital Information Literacy Development Programs. It should be emphasized that these actions will only reflect in the business, innovation and technology environments from the integration of the libraries in the local community, becoming part of their actions.
Toward Coordinated Transmission and Distribution Operations
Authors: Bragin Mikhail A.
Published: May 2019

Proliferation of smart grid technologies has enhanced observability and controllability of distribution systems. If coordinated with the transmission system, resources of both systems can be used more efﬁciently. This paper proposes a model to operate transmission and distribution systems in a coordinated manner. The proposed model is solved using a Surrogate Lagrangian Relaxation (SLR) approach. The computational performance of this approach is compared against existing methods (e.g. subgradient method). Finally, the usefulness of the proposed model and solution approach is demonstrated via numerical experiments on the illustrative example and IEEE benchmarks.
Abur
Authors: abur marsel
Published: May 2019

Marselinus Abur 17 -05- 1997
Becoming White: How Military Service Turned Immigrants into Americans
Authors: Mazumder Soumyajit
Published: May 2019

When do groups on the social periphery assimilate into the social core of a nation? Building on a diverse set of literatures, I argue that individual participation in military service creates a number of conditions that drive individuals to assimilate into a broader national culture. To test the theory, I focus on the case of World War I in the United States–a period that closely followed a massive wave of immigration into the United States. Using an instrumental variables strategy leveraging the exogenous timing of the war, I show that individuals of foreign, European nativity–especially, the Italians and Eastern Europeans–were more likely to assimilate into American society after serving in the U.S. military. The theory and results contribute to our understanding of the ways in which states make identity and the prospects for immigrant assimilation in an age without mass warfare.
Effectiveness of Duloxetine in Treating Early Stage of Somatoform Disorder at Koshi Zonal Hospital
Authors: Pokhrel Roshan , Rajbhandari Nikeshmani , Sah Shambhu , Kathet Ragin , Sah Prabhu , Karn Shivam
Published: May 2019

Introduction: Somatoform disorder (SD)is group of psychiatric disorders that disrupt multiple physical symptoms, accompanied by disturbance in thoughts, impairing activities of daily living due to muscle and joint pain, low back pain, headache, chronic tiredness, palpitation, stomach upset, dizziness and sleeplessness which may cause occupational and social dysfunction.

Objective: Evaluation of patients by Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), Pain Disability Scale (PDS) and complications duloxetine medication during treating of patients with somatoform disorder at Koshi Zonal Hospital.

Methodology: A total of 50 patients with first time diagnosis of SD were selected by in this cross sectional study on the basis of diagnostic and statistical manual (DSM-5), pain and other symptoms, were treated with Duloxetine medication in early stage of Somatoform Disorder and results were evaluated at 2nd week, 6th week and 12th  week. The study was conducted from March 2016 to July 2017 at Koshi Zonal Hospital.

Results: Out of 50 early SD patients, total mean age was 41.38 years (range 20-60), 21 patients recovered at 6th week and 22 patients recovered at 12th week but 7 patients needed other medications after 12 weeks. Duloxetine was well tolerated with nausea and headache being the most common complaint following use of duloxeting.

Conclusion: Duloxetine can be both effective and well tolerated in the treatment of early stage of somatoform disorder.
Theoretical study of the electron correlation and excitation effects on energy distribution in photon impact ionization
Authors: Petrovic V. , Isakovic K. , Delibasic And H.
Published: May 2019

We performed a detailed theoretical study of the electron correlation and core excitation effects on the energy distribution of the ejected electrons in the process of photon impact tunnel ionization. We used the Landau-Dykhne approach to obtain analytical formulas for the transition rate and the energy distribution with included these effects. We have limited ourselves to a non-relativistic domain, in which the rate and distribution are determined by electrical component of the laser field while the influence of magnetic can be neglected. We observed helium and helium like atoms. We have shown that the tunneling ionization mechanism may be understood as the combination of mentioned processes. We considered the case of a monochromatic wave with an elliptically polarized laser field. We compared our results with experimental and shown that ellipticity plays an important role and that inclusion of additional processes significantly influences the transition rate, as well as the energy distribution of the ejected photoelectrons.
Characteristic and Application of Anionic Dimeric Surfactants: A Review
Authors: Kumar Naveen , Tyagi Rashmi
Published: May 2019

Anionic dimeric surfactants have attracted much interest compared to the conventional monomeric surfactants. These surfactants have low critical micellar concentrations and an excellent ability in reducing the surface tension of water than conventional surfactants. Therewith, they also show better solubilizing and foaming properties, and a magnificent mildness to the skin. These special features may make them potentially attractive in several applications, for example, laundry detergents, cosmetics and personal care. This article describes the micellization and mixed micellization properties, performance properties, application and biodegradability of anionic dimeric surfactants.
Evaluation of Polyether Copolymer as Green Scale and Corrosion Inhibitor in Seawater
Authors: Liu Guangqing
Published: May 2019

A novel environmentally friendly type of corrosion and scale inhibitor, maleic anhydride-allylpolyethoxy carboxylate copolymer (ML10), was synthesized and characterized by FT-IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopic techniques. The anti-scale property of ML10 in seawater was also studied by static tests for scale and the scale deposits were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and SEM, respectively. The results showed that the scale deposits surface morphology and size were changed in the presence of ML10. The performance of the synthesized copolymer as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel corrosion was evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique. The experimental results indicate that ML10 has a good corrosion inhibition performance and the inhibition efficiency increases with the increase of the ML10 concentration. The adsorption of ML10 obeys Langmuir adsorption isotherm with relatively high value of free energy of adsorption ΔGadsθ. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated that the corrosion inhibition is due to the formation of a chemisorbed film on the mild steel.
Synthesis and Properties of Lauryl Phosphate Monoester
Authors: Shi Yaning , Zhao Yonghong , Zhang Guangliang , Dong Qingbin
Published: May 2019

Lauryl phosphate monoester was synthesized from the starting materials lauryl alcohol and phosphoric acid without catalysts. Subsequently, the crude product was purified by recrystallization and characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (31P-NMR). From the results, it was apparent that the synthesized material was the desired target product. Lauryl monoester potassium phosphate reduced the surface tension of water to 25.08 mN/m at a critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 0.569 mmol/L. It showed a low contact angle and had a low surface tension, indicating a good hydrophilicity. Lauryl monoester potassium phosphate also showed excellent antistatic properties, however its emulsifying ability was not good. The size of the aggregates of lauryl monoester calcium phosphate in aqueous solution was 220 nm and their morphology was spherical.
Main Rotor Yoke Cracking
Authors: Lamb S.R. , Clerk G.
Published: May 2019

The 4340 steel main rotor yoke of a helicopter failed during a hovering exercise. Visual examination of the yoke revealed no evidence of gross external damage. Visual fracture surface examination, macrofractography, scanning electron micrography, and metallography of a section cut from the yoke in the region of the cracking indicated that the failure was caused by fatigue-crack initiation and growth from severe corrosion damage to a pillow-block bolt hole. Corrosion occurred because of failure of the protection scheme. An upgraded corrosion protection scheme for the bolt holes was recommended, along with nondestructive inspection of the region at intervals determined by fractographic analysis of the fatigue crack growth.
Premature Torquing Failures of Cast A356 Aluminum Actuators
Authors: Ensha Syavash , Kumar Arun
Published: May 2019

Two investment-cast A356 aluminum alloy actuators used for handles on passenger doors of commercial aircraft fractured during torquing at less than the design load. Visual examination showed that cracking had occurred through a machined side hole. Fractography revealed that the cracks originated in hot tear locations in the castings. Microprobe analysis of fracture surfaces in the hot tear region indicated a much higher silicon-to-aluminum ratio compared with the overload fracture area. No microstructural anomalies related to the failure were found during metallographic examination. It was concluded that the strength of the castings had been compromised by the presence of the casting defects. Modification of the gating system for casting was recommended to eliminate the hot tear zone. It was also suggested that the balance of the castings from the same manufacturing lot be radiographically inspected.
Bacteria-Induced Corrosion of a Stainless Steel Chemical Trailer Barrel
Authors: Suess Manfred E.
Published: May 2019

The interior surface of a type 316L stainless steel trailer barrel used to haul various chemicals showed evidence of severe pitting after less than 1 year of service. Two sections were cut from the barrel and microscopically examined. Metallographic sections were also prepared at the weld areas and away from the weld zones. Terraced, near-surface pits with subsurface caverns and a high level of sulfur in the pit residue, both indicative of bacteria-induced corrosion, were found. No evidence of weld defects or defective material was present. Testing of the water used at the wash station and implementation of bacteria control measures (a special drying process after washing and use of a sanitizing rinse) were recommended.
Fatigue Failure of an Axle From a Prototype Urban Transit Vehicle
Authors: Mackay W.B.F.
Published: May 2019

Failed portions of a 4140 steel axle from a prototype urban transit vehicle were examined to determine the cause of failure. The testing procedures included visual examination, macrofractography, metallography, chemical analysis, and hardness and tensile testing. The analysis showed that a salvage welding repair had resulted in the formation of martensite that developed cracks, leading to fatigue failure of the axle. It was recommended that no weld buildup or repair be permitted on the axles.
Fatigue Fracture of a Stainless Steel Leaf Spring
Authors: Jones W.F.
Published: May 2019

Failure occurred in a type 304 stainless steel leaf spring attached to the undercarriage assembly of an airport shuttle train. Failure analysis showed that the fracture was caused by low-cycle, reversed bending fatigue. The stresses leading to failure were imposed by poor alignment. It was recommended that improved assembly procedures be used and that, if another failure occurred, a steel of higher fatigue strength be used.
Corrosion Fatigue and Subsequent Rupture of a Yankee Dryer Roll on a Modified Paper Machine
Authors: Gilkey Mark H.
Published: May 2019

A steam-pressurized Yankee dryer shell ruptured during normal operation. Cracking had occurred around much of the circumference at the drive end of the shell, which measured 3.7 m (12 ft) in diameter by 3.4 m (11 ft) long with a head bolted to each end. The crack initiated at a 90 deg corner in contact with the edge of the head. The material was a hardened gray cast iron containing 2.8% Ni and 1.2% Mo. Based on the results of visual, nondestructive, metallographic, and chemical analyses, it was concluded that failure occurred after corrosion fatigue cracking had weakened the shell. An ultrasonic examination of all Yankee dryers of the same type was recommended to look for cracking at the edge of the shell. Modification of the head-to-shell joint was recommended as well.
Internal Cracks in Cast Steel With 9% Ni for Cryogenic Applications
Authors: Muramaya J. , Kunitake T. , Ohtani H.
Published: May 2019

The causes of internal cracking that occurred in 9% Ni steel castings during manufacture were investigated using a series of eight laboratory castings containing varying amounts of molybdenum. The effect of mold thickness was also investigated. The laboratory castings were subjected to three-point bend testing, and fracture surfaces were examined using SEM fractography, metallography, and depth analysis (SIMS) of the fracture surface. The cracks were found to originate at austenitic grain boundaries that coincided with primary dendrite interfaces. The cracking was attributed to a decrease in grain-boundary cohesion resulting from sulfur segregation. Addition of molybdenum proved effective in preventing cracking. The molybdenum promoted MnS precipitation in the grain and preferentially segregated to the interfaces.
Corrosion Failure of Stainless Steel Tanks
Authors: Dayal R.K. , Gnanamoorthy J.B.
Published: May 2019

Four tanks made from type 304L stainless steel were removed from storage. Atmospheric corrosion on the outside of the tanks and pitting and crevice corrosion on the inside were visible. Metallographic examination revealed that the internal corrosion had been caused by crevices related to weld spatter and uneven weld deposit and by service water that had not been drained after hydrostatic testing. External corrosion was attributed to improper passivation. It was recommended that the surfaces be properly passivated and that, before storage, the interiors be rinsed with demineralized water and dried.
Brittle Fracture of a Cast Iron Valve in Oleum and Sulfuric Acid Service
Authors: Brown Samuel J.
Published: May 2019

A gray cast iron (ASTM 247 type A) gate valve in an oleum and sulfuric acid piping loop at a chemical process plant fractured catastrophically after approximately 10 years of service. The valve was a 150 mm (6 in.) bolted flange type rated to conform to ANSI B16.1 for service at 1034 kPa (150 psi) and 120 deg C (250 deg F) maximum in 93 to 99% sulfuric acid. The fracture originated at stress-corrosion cracks that occurred in a high-stress transition region at the valve body-to-flange juncture. The mechanical properties of the failed valve were below those of the manufacturer's cited specification, and the wall thickness through which the fracture occurred exceeded the minimum 9.5 mm (38 in.) thickness cited by the manufacturer The valve flange had been unbolted and rebolted to a maintenanced piping coil immediately prior to failure. It was recommended that the flange-to-valve body juncture be redesigned to reduce stress levels. A method of maintenance and inspection in concert with a criterion for life prediction for this and other valves and components in the system was also recommended.
Electrostatic Discharge Attack on a Thrust Bearing Face in a Power Turbine
Authors: Ebert Harry E.
Published: May 2019

The silver layer on a thrust bearing face experienced electrostatic discharge attack (the bombardment of an in-line series of individual sparks onto the soft bearing face), which destroyed the integrity of the bearing surface. The electrical attack appeared as scratches to the naked eye. Macrophotography showed that the attack was more severe at one edge of each pad, resulting in deeper grooving and a buildup of deposits, mostly silver sulfides. Microstructural analysis of a cross section indicated that the interface between the silver overlay and the substrate (beryllium copper) was sound and free of voids and foreign material. Corrosion products contained a large quantity of sulfur. The probable cause of the attack was the presence of electrical current within the system, with sulfides a possible contributing factor. Elimination of residual magnetism and grounding of the rotating system at appropriate locations were recommended.
Condition Assessment and Improvement of a Steam Turbine Rotor
Authors: Jhansale H. R. , McCann D. R.
Published: May 2019

Numerous flaws were detected in a steam turbine rotor during a scheduled inspection and maintenance outage. A fracture-mechanics-based analysis of the flaws showed that the rotor could not be safely returned to service. Material, samples from the bore were analyzed to evaluate the actual mechanical properties and to determine the metallurgical cause of the observed indications. Samples were examined in a scanning electron microscope and subjected to chemical analysis and several mechanical property tests, including tensile, Charpy V-notch impact, and fracture toughness. The material was found to be a typical Cr-Mo-V steel, and it met the property requirements. No evidence of temper embrittlement was found. The analyses showed that the observed flaws were present in the original forging and attributed them to lack of ingot consolidation. A series of actions, including overboring of the rotor to remove indications close to the surface and revision of starting procedures, were implemented to extend the remaining life of the rotor and ensure its fitness for continued service.
Failure of a Boiler Feed Pump Second-Stage Impeller
Authors: Hare Joyce M.
Published: May 2019

Failure analysis was performed on a fractured impeller from a boiler feed pump of a fossil fuel power plant. The impeller was a 12% Cr martensitic stainless steel casting. The failure occurred near the outside diameter of the shroud in the vicinity of a section change at the shroud/vane junction. Sections cut from the impeller were examined visually and by SEM fractography. Microstructural, chemical, and surface analyses and surface hardness tests were conducted on the impeller segments. The results indicated that the impeller failed in fatigue with casting defects increasing stress and initiating fracture. In addition, the composition and hardness of the impeller did not meet specifications. Revision of the casting process and institution of quality assurance methods were recommended.
Failure of a 20 Ton Polar Crane Motor by Bolt Fatigue
Authors: Czajkowski Carl J.
Published: May 2019

A 20 ton polar crane motor fell during a 3400 kg (7500 lb) lift, narrowly missing personnel working beneath the crane. Witnesses reported that the motor fall was preceded by a falling oil mass, and it was believed that the motor was intact prior to impact. The maintenance history of the crane showed that the motor had been removed, repaired, and reinstalled 2 years prior to the failure. Observations of oil leakage were noted yearly up to the failure. The motor casing was held onto the adapter plate by eight 14-20 UNC x 25 mm (1 in.) long hex socket cap screws. Examination of the motor adapter plate, motor casing shards (aluminum), the gear side of the motor housing, and seven fractured cap screws (ASTM A574) showed that the motor casing was intact at the time of “uncontrolled descent” and that the screws had failed by high nominal stress reverse bending load fatigue, which was probably the result of insufficient torque on the bolts.
Thermal Fatigue of an Austenitic Stainless Steel Tube
Authors: Ensha Syavash
Published: May 2019

A 44.5 mm (1.75 in.) diam type 321 stainless steel seamless tube in a power-generating turbine failed after 19,000 h in service. The tube was used to carry a mixture of approximately 25% steam and 75% hot air. Three fractured pieces and part of the tube containing the mating fracture surface were examined. Both fractographic and metallographic features revealed that the failure was by thermal fatigue caused by the presence of biaxial thermal stresses on the inner surface of the tube. It was recommended that the steam and air be thoroughly mixed prior to entering the tube to decrease the temperature fluctuations of the inner surface.
Failure of Grade J-55 Electric Resistance Welded Production Tubing
Authors: Billings Robert M.
Published: May 2019

Two failures of AP15A grade J-55 electric resistance welded (ERW) tubing in as our gas environment were investigated. The first failure occurred after 112 days of service. Replacement pipe failed 2 days later. Surface examination of the failed tubing indicated that fracture initiated at the outside surface. Metallographic analysis showed that the fracture originated in the upturned fibers adjacent to the ERW bond line. Cross sections of the weld were removed from three random locations in the test sample. At each location, the up turned fibers of the weld zone contained bands of hard-appearing microstructure. Hardness measurements confirmed these observations. The cracks followed these bands. It was concluded that the tubing failed from sulfide stress cracking, which resulted from bands of susceptible microstructure in the ERW zone. The banded microstructure in the pipe suggested that chemical segregation contributed to the hard areas. Postweld normalized heat treatment apparently did not sufficiently reduce the hardness of these areas.
Stress-Corrosion Cracking Caused by Residual Stresses in Chromium Silicon Alloy Steel Helical Compression Springs
Authors: Shields Leland E. , Clark Robert A. , Huet Roland
Published: May 2019

To samples of helical compression springs were returned to the manufacturer after failing in service well short of the component design life. Spring design specifications required conformance to SAE J157, “Oil Tempered Chromium Silicon Alloy Steel Wire and Springs.” Each spring was installed in a separate heavy truck engine in an application in which spring failure can cause total engine destruction. The springs were composed of chromium-silicon steel, with a hardness ranging from 50 to 54 HRC. Chemical composition and hardness were substantially within specification. Failure initiated from the spring inside coil surface. Examination of the fracture surface using scanning electron microscopy showed no evidence of fatigue. Final fracture occurred in torsion. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed high inner-diameter residual stresses, indicating inadequate stress relief from spring winding. It was concluded that failure initiation was caused by residual stress-driven stress-corrosion cracking, and it was recommended that the vendor provide more effective stress relief.
Fracture of Steam Pipes Removed From Service
Authors: Liaw P.K. , Saxena A. , Schaefer J.
Published: May 2019

Creep crack growth and fracture toughness tests were performed using test material machined from a seam welded ASTM A-155-66 class 1 (2.25Cr-1Mo) steel steam pipe that had been in service for 15 years. The fracture morphology was examined using SEM fractography. Dimpled fracture was found to be characteristic of fracture toughness specimens. Creep crack growth generally followed the fusion line region and was characterized as dimpled fracture mixed with cavities. These fracture morphologies were similar to those of an actual steam pipe. It was concluded that creep crack growth behavior was the prime failure mechanism of seam-welded steam pipes.
Failure of a Seat on a School Playground Swing Set
Authors: Leeser D.O.
Published: May 2019

The failure during use of a seat on a heavy-duty swing set at an elementary school was investigated. The seat contained a perforated reinforcing sheet metal (galvanized type 430 stainless steel) insert covered by an elastomeric material. Specimens of the reinforcing sheet from the failed seat were examined using SEM fractography, tensile and ductility tests, and spectrographic chemical analysis. The test results showed that the steel used did not meet the manufacturer's specifications for ductility (elongation). In addition, the small-diameter punched holes caused a stress concentration factor that aggravated the brittleness of the steel.