bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Effectiveness of Hedging in the Indian Commodity Market: A Comparative Analysis of Constant and Dynamic Hedge Ratios Across Agricultural and Non-Agricultural Commodities
Authors: - Anagha Jose , - Nithin Jose
Published: July 2024

This paper delves into the effectiveness of hedging strategies within the Indian commodity market context, encompassing both constant and dynamic optimal hedge ratios. It scrutinizes the performance of hedging across agricultural and non-agricultural commodities, aiming to provide crucial insights into market dynamics for investors and policymakers. Utilizing a sample comprising 13 highly traded commodity futures contracts spanning various commodities such as gold, silver, copper, zinc, aluminium, nickel, lead, cardamom, Mentha oil, cotton, crude palm oil, crude oil, and natural gas, the study investigates hedging effectiveness from 2008 to 2024. Employing Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) and Constant Conditional Correlation Multivariate Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (CCC-MGARCH) models, the paper estimates constant hedge ratios and dynamic hedge ratios, respectively. The study shows that agricultural future contracts provide higher hedging effectiveness (30%) as compared to non-agricultural commodity futures (20%) Understanding the nuances of hedging effectiveness not only aids investors in making informed decisions but also facilitates the development of robust risk management strategies in the Indian commodity market.
Exploring Artifact and Their Correction Techniques in MRI Imaging
Authors: - Towqeer bashir , - Nahida bilal , - Mohsin ahmad mir
Published: July 2024

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a strong diagnostic tool utilized in modern medicine for non-invasive visualization of internal body structures. However, MRI images are susceptible to various artifacts that can distort the accuracy and reliability of diagnostic interpretations. This journal explores common artifacts encountered in MRI imaging and discusses corrective measures employed to mitigate their impact. By understanding the nature of these artifacts and implementing appropriate modification techniques, healthcare professionals can enhance the quality and diagnostic utility of MRI examinations
Knowledge and Atitude Towards the Forward Head Posture in Adults with High Computer Uses
Authors: - Tanvishri Malviya , - Shifa Zarra , - Monika Goyal , - Hansika Mewada , - Sonu Sharma , - Tusar Sharma , - Anjali Nikum , - Mahak Bariya , - Harshita Verma , - Sharvan Kumar , - Pushpa Singh , - Nafisha Rizvi , - Shivangi Singh , - Krishnbhan Lodhi , - Mohan Barde
Published: July 2024

Background: Forward head posture (FHP) is a prevalent issue among adults with high computer usage which leading to various musculoskeletal problems. Understanding the knowledge and attitudes toward FHP is essential for developing effective preventive measures
This study aims to assess the knowledge and attitudes toward FHP in adults aged 25-45 who use computers extensively
Deep Learning-Based Detection of Pituitary, Glioma, and Meningioma Tumors from Brain MRIs
Authors: - Brinda Roy Gupta
Published: July 2024

Brain tumors, specifically pituitary adenomas, gliomas, and meningiomas, pose a significant public health challenge, necessitating accurate and timely detection to facilitate effective treatment planning. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a widely adopted non-invasive imaging technique for diagnosing brain tumors. This research presents a novel methodology for detecting these tumors using MRI brain scan images. A comprehensive dataset comprising MRI scans obtained from patients diagnosed with various types of brain tumors, including pituitary adenomas, gliomas, and meningiomas, was utilized. A Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) was employed to discern between different types of brain tumors. The CNN-based model outperformed other classification algorithms, achieving an overall accuracy of 97%. This research significantly contributes to the advancement of a dependable and efficient approach for the early detection and classification of pituitary adenomas, gliomas, and meningiomas using MRI brain scan images, with potential implications for improved clinical decision-making, facilitating timely intervention, and ultimately enhancing patient outcomes in the field of neuro-oncology.
Effect of Mandala Colouring on Anxiety and Withdrawal Symptoms among Alcohol Dependent Patients
Authors: - Ardra B S , - Sreeja I
Published: July 2024

The present study was intended to assess the effect of mandala colouring on anxiety and withdrawal symptoms among alcohol dependent patients. The main objectives of the study were to assess the anxiety and withdrawal symptoms among alcohol dependent patients, to evaluate the effect of mandala colouring on anxiety and withdrawal symptoms and to find out the relationship between anxiety and withdrawal symptoms among alcohol dependent patients.
A Brief Review of Underutilized Foods
Authors: - Nisha Choudhary , - Dr. Vimla Dunkwal , - Rekha Yadav , - Dr. Shikatoli Wotsa
Published: July 2024

Present review article unveil the importance of underutilized foods. In this article, we have documented the uses of underutilized foods and summarized recent research into nutrient composition, health benefits and potentialities of underutilized foods. Underutilized plants with high nutritional and therapeutic potential and low input needs have been identified as a potential remedy for this concern. These foods are rich in carbohydrate, fat, protein, energy, vitamins, minerals & dietary fibers. They can be used as a cooling agent to lessen the adverse effects of strokes and treat a variety of illnesses, including scurvy, constipation, haemorrhage, leucorrhea, anemia, stomach discomfort and others. Additionally, value added product preparation through processing has the potential to generate employment.
Importance of Education for Sustainable Development in Samastipur District of Bihar, India
Authors: - Rahul Priyadarshi , - Anoop Kumar Singh
Published: July 2024

Education for Sustainable Development enables individuals to gain the knowledge, skills, attitudes, and values essential for shaping a sustainable future. It involves integrating key sustainable development topics into teaching and learning, such as climate change, disaster risk reduction, biodiversity, poverty alleviation, and sustainable consumption. Additionally, it necessitates participatory teaching and learning methods that inspire and empower learners to modify their behavior and take action for sustainable development. Consequently, Education for Sustainable Development fosters competencies like critical thinking, envisioning future scenarios, and making decisions collaboratively. Education is a vital instrument for achieving sustainability. Globally, people recognize that current economic development trends are unsustainable and that public awareness, education, and training are crucial for steering society toward sustainability. Beyond this, there is little consensus. People debate the definition of sustainable development and its feasibility. They hold diverse views on what sustainable societies will look like and how they will operate. These same individuals question why educators have not advanced education for sustainability (EFS) programs more rapidly. Creating Sustainable Communities in Samastipur through programs like Holistic Rural Development Program (HRDP) focuses on sustainable development.
nuevo marco europeo contra el abuso sexual de menores y su “incidencia” procesal
Authors: Aguilera Morales Marien
Published: July 2024

El abuso sexual de menores es un fenómeno delictivo tan aberrante como difícil de atajar, máxime cuando se produce en entornos digitales. En estos casos, ciertamente, la tecnología se alinea con el silencio de las víctimas, impidiendo detectar los propios hechos delictivos y, por lo mismo, su investigación y enjuiciamiento. Para revertir esta situación y, más allá, para incrementar la protección de los menores frente a la violencia sexual online y offline, se proyecta en la Unión Europea un nuevo marco normativo. Conforman este marco un Reglamento para prevenir y combatir los abusos sexuales de menores en línea y una versión refundida de la Directiva 2011/93/UE. El propósito de este trabajo es someter a análisis sendos textos a fin de determinar sus implicaciones procesales, que las tienen, aunque peculiares y más reducidas que lo que en principio cabría pensar.
GLOBAL RISK SPILLOVERS TO INTERNATIONAL EQUITY MARKETS: AN APPLICATION TO NON-PARAMETRIC CAUSALITY IN QUANTILES
Authors: Bibi Rukhsana , Abdullah Masood Muhammad , Raza Naveed
Published: July 2024

Purpose: This study examines the global risk spillover to International Equity Markets e.g., gold volatility index (GVX), crude oil volatility index (OVX), Volatility Index (VIX), Treasury Bills (TVX), Volatility of volatility index (VVIX), and Èconomic Ƥolicy Ưncertainty index (EPU).
Design/Methodology: Following non-parametric causality in quantiles method we utilize weekly data of Canada, Japan, the UK, and the USA from June 12, 2008, till September 29, 2018. The Granger causality in quantiles detects and quantifies both linear and non-linear causal effects between random variables.
Findings: Results of the study shows strong correlations between volatility of volatility index and stock markets. whereas weak correlation exist between Èconomic Ƥolicy Ưncertainity and stock markets. Increase in uncertainty indices cause a decline in equity stock markets. Uncertainty indices does not cause volatility in stock returns of TSX, TSE, LSE and NYSE. VVIX granger cause volatility of Japanese stock market returns. There is no evidence of risk spillover from uncertainty to international equity markets. uncertainty do not cause volatility in stock market returns of Canada, Japan, UK and USA.
Originality: The results provide important insights for asset allocation, investment portfolio, and risk management to minimize the effect of volatility spillovers. As financial spillover amplifies in the absence of monetary stabilization, both conventional and unconventional monetary easing can increase spillover. Thus, the study would also benefit the policymakers in devising monetary policies which mitigate the influence of risk spillovers to international equity markets. The findings of the study have important implications for market regulators.
THE EFFECTIVE WAYS AND TECHNIQUES OF LEARNING ENGLISH FOR PRIMARY LEARNERS
Authors: Uli Jangabayev Daniyar Jaras ,   Nukus Innovation Institute Student Of The Faculty Of Philology, Uzbekistan, Nurullaevna Jamalova Ummihabiba ,   Academic Supervisor, Nukus Innovation Institute Student Of The Faculty Of Philology, Uzbekistan
Published: July 2024

Through this article you will learn how to pronounce correctly in English and at the same time use techniques that will try to improve your pronunciation using the most difficult technologies.
TECHNIQUES TO PROTECT AGAINST CYBER ATTACKS
Authors: Kadhim Vinas Khalid ,   University of Karbala, College of Administration and Economics, Iraq
Published: July 2024

Strong cybersecurity measures are required in this digital era due to the high risk of cyber assaults on people, businesses, and governments. Protecting yourself from cyber threats is the focus of this study, which delves into preventative and reactive measures. To address security weaknesses proactively, it is recommended that advanced encryption technologies and multi-factor authentication (MFA) be implemented and frequent security audits conducted. Implementing intrusion detection and prevention systems (IDPS), real-time monitoring, and quick incident response protocols are all components of reactive methods. In addition, the article delves into how AI and ML improve cyber threat detection and response capabilities by predicting and fighting cyber threats. Users must have cybersecurity education and awareness because user mistakes are still a significant risk. To protect digital assets from the always-changing cyber threat landscape, this paper seeks to offer a broad overview of successful cybersecurity procedures by reviewing existing tactics and emerging developments.
Oxidative fluorination with Selectfluor: A convenient procedure for preparing hypervalent iodine(V) fluorides
Authors: Dearman Samuel M G , Li Xiang , Li Yang , Singh Kuldip , Stuart Alison M
Published: July 2024

The ability to investigate hypervalent iodine(V) fluorides has been limited primarily by their difficult preparation traditionally using harsh fluorinating reagents such as trifluoromethyl hypofluorite and bromine trifluoride. Here, we report a mild and efficient route using Selectfluor to deliver hypervalent iodine(V) fluorides in good isolated yields (72–90%). Stability studies revealed that bicyclic difluoro(aryl)-λ5-iodane 6 was much more stable in acetonitrile-d3 than in chloroform-d1, presumably due to acetonitrile coordinating to the iodine(V) centre and stabilising it via halogen bonding.
Manejo Quirúrgico de Fracturas del Metatarso, a Propósito de un Caso
Authors: Rosales Soto Edgar Fabricio , Pinos Reyes Byron Fabián , Uyaguari Guerra Félix Marcelo , Choez Chilan Reyna Rebeca , Diaz Rogel Walter Javier , Sánchez Valladolid Karen Selena
Published: July 2024

Las fracturas del metatarso tienen una alta prevalencia sin embargo se estudia muy poco las que se ocasionan en los metatarsos que no son el primero o quinto, ya que su fractura es poco usual, sim embargo se presenta el siguiente caso clínico de una paciente con fracturas múltiples de la cabeza desplazada del segundo, tercer y cuarto metatarso, a la cual se realiza el seguimiento del abordaje quirúrgico y su recuperación, discutiendo sobre si el abordaje quirúrgico fue satisfactorio cumpliendo el objetivo de restablecer la alineación adecuada de todos los metatarsiano.
Características clínico-patológicas y tipos de tratamiento en pacientes con cáncer de mama en el hospital general zona no. 1 imss Tlaxcala
Authors: Herrera Muñoz Rodrigo , Flores Morales Atieel , Seefoó Jarquín Patricia
Published: July 2024

Describir las características clínico-patológicas y tratamientos en pacientes con cáncer de mama de mayo 2022 a diciembre 2023, en el Hospital General Zona No. 1 IMSS, Tlaxcala. Estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo y transversal en el Hospital General de Zona Número 1 Tlaxcala del IMSS. La información se recabó de los expedientes del servicio de clínica de mama. Se analizaron 114 casos. La edad promedio al diagnóstico fue de 54.29 años, afectando principalmente a mujeres de 45 a 50 años. La mama izquierda fue la más afectada (51%), con mayor incidencia de tumores en el cuadrante superior externo (57%). El BI-RADS 5 fue el hallazgo más frecuente (64%). El tamaño tumoral T2 se observó en el 39% de los casos, sin compromiso ganglionar en el 43%, y con metástasis en el 7.89%. Las metástasis óseas fueron las más comunes, presentándose en 5 pacientes (4.39 %), El 60.4% fueron diagnosticados en etapas avanzadas. El Carcinoma Ductal Infiltrante fue el tipo histológico más común (78.95%), y el grado histológico 2 el más frecuente (57%). El subtipo molecular predominante fue Luminal B (38%). La mastectomía radical modificada se realizó en el 78% de las pacientes, y el 12% recibió quimioterapia neoadyuvante. El cáncer de mama en la población Tlaxcalteca derechohabiente del IMSS afecta principalmente a mujeres en edad económicamente activa y madres de familia, con alta incidencia en etapas avanzadas.
Plan de comunicación para la prevención de feminicidio en el Centro de Emergencia Mujer, Tumbes, 2022
Authors: Egusquiza Romero Melina Milena , Mejía Benavides Anibal , Iman Tineo Gloria Elizabeth , Mena Farfán Karl Vladimir , Dioses Urbina Sandra Maribel
Published: July 2024

El estudio: “Plan de comunicación para la prevención de feminicidio en el distrito de Zarumilla, Tumbes, 2022”, tiene como propósito identificar el nivel de conocimiento de las féminas sobre la variable “feminicidio”. El estudio tuvo como objetivo: “Elaborar un plan de comunicación para contribuir en la prevención del feminicidio en el distrito de Zarumilla”. Su metodología, por su finalidad es básica, de enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo descriptiva-propositiva, de diseño No experimental, de corte transversal; la muestra está conformada por 350 mujeres a quienes se administró un cuestionario. El resultado global de la variable señala que el 88% de las féminas tienen un conocimiento “Regular”, y el 7% es “Regular”; referente a las dimensiones, se concluye que el 72% de tienen un “Regular conocimiento” referente a la dimensión “centros de atención y derechos humanos”; asimismo, el 65% tienen conocimiento “Regular” en la dimensión “causas que conllevan al feminicidio”; y, por consiguiente, el 59% de mujeres tienen “Conocimiento Regular” en el “proceso de ayuda que brindan los establecimientos de protección”. Por lo tanto, los resultados justifican la necesidad de la elaboración del plan de comunicación para la prevención del feminicidio.
AVALIAÇÃO DA TAXA DE CORROSÃO DO AÇO INOXIDÁVEL AUSTENÍTICO COM ALTO TEOR DE NITROGÊNIO NA REGIÃO PLÁSTICA
Authors: Silveira Vinicius , Rodrigues José , Florez Fabio , Ferreira Elmo , Rodrigues Jean , Silva Eden
Published: July 2024

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar comportamento da resistência à corrosão na região plástica do aço inoxidável em meio fisiológico. Foram realizados ensaios eletroquímicos em amostras do aço inoxidável austenítico do tipo ISO 5832-9 utilizando-se uma célula eletroquímica convencional com três eletrodos imersos em solução eletrolítica 0,9% de NaCl conectada ao Potenciostato/Galvanostato AUTOLAB. A partir das curvas de polarização, utilizando-se o método da extrapolação das curvas de Tafel, obtiveram-se dois parâmetros também importantes que retratam a resistência à corrosão do material em estudo. Os ensaios realizados mostraram que todas as amostras nas condições de instabilidade plástica apresentaram baixa taxa de corrosão, comprovando a boa resistência a corrosão deste material mesmo dentro de regiões de instabilidade plástica.
FABRICAÇÃO DA LIGA DURALUMINIO AA2021 PROCESSADOS ATRAVÉS DE TÉCNICAS DE METALURGIA DO PÓ
Authors: Lott Michelle Maria Perez , Silva Clécio Vicente da , Bezerra Djailson Joaquim , Lira Heronilton Mendes de , Silva Inaldo Amorim da , Machado José Matheus da Costa , Lima Kamilla Rayssa Lucas de , silva Lourinaldo Chateaubriand Magalhães da , Freire Márcio Rolemberg , Muniz Max Breno Bezerra , Junior Moisés Euclides Da Silva , Araujo Filho Oscar Olimpio de
Published: July 2024

Objetivo: O presente estudo analisa o processamento da liga de alumínio formada pelo sistema Al-Cu, nomeada AA2021 via técnicas de metalurgia do pó (MP) utilizando a rota de compactação uniaxial a frio e sinterização por fase sólida. Métodos: Para isso foram utilizados pós elementares processados por moagem de alta energia pelos períodos de uma, duas e quatro horas. Deu-se início ao processo de fabricação da liga com a compressão uniaxial a frio dos pós moídos em etapa anterior, onde as amostras que passaram pela etapa de compressão foram submetidas a sinterização em um forno à vácuo. Em seguida, as amostras passaram por caraterização microestrutural através das técnicas de Microscopia Ótica (MO) e microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e espectroscopia de energia dispersiva (EDS). Já para avaliar e comparar a microdureza das amostras foi realizado o ensaio de microdureza Vickers. Resultados: Os resultados obtidos do ensaio de microdureza evidenciam que os corpos de prova sinterizados obtiveram um valor de dureza aceitável para a liga em estudo, apesar de apresentarem um elevado desvio padrão, que se justifica devido a elevada porosidade do material. Conclusão: De maneira geral a técnica de fabricação por MP produziu um material com boas características, e com dureza aceitável, para a liga estudada.
СЛУЧАИ АКТУАЛЬНЫХ СЕМАНТИЧЕСКИХ СДВИГОВ В БАЗИСНОЙ ЛЕКСИКЕ КАРАЧАЕВО-БАЛКАРСКОГО ЯЗЫКА
Authors: Айбазова Зухра Казимовна , Алжанбекова Зарема Калабзаровна
Published: July 2024

В данной статье исследуются несколько типов развития семантики в базисной лексике карачаево-балкарского языка в сравнении с другими тюркскими языками. Рассматриваются случаи семантических сдвигов, обусловленных природно-климатическими факторами, такие как переосмысление значений лексем ‘туман’, ‘облако’, ‘туча’ в черекском диалекте карачаево-балкарского языка, имеющее параллель с аналогичным явлением в тёлёсском говоре алтайского языка. Анализируются сдвиги на основе метонимических переносов в обозначениях концепта ‘маховое перо’, имеющие схожие траектории в кумыкском и крымскотатарском языках. Подробно разбирается случай паронимической аттракции между глаголами ‘плавать’ и ‘цедить’ с реконструкцией развития значений и звуковых форм через привлечение данных чувашского, тувинского и других родственных тюркскихязыков. Результаты исследования иллюстрируют динамику лексической семантики в карачаево-балкарском языке, а также выявляют потенциальные векторы семантической деривации в тюркских языках в целом. Полученные данные дополняют корпус эмпирических примеров лексико-семантических процессов в базисной лексике тюркского языкового ареала. Акцентируется важность продолжения подобных диалектологических исследований длясистематического наращивания эмпирической базы, что позволит расширить основаниядля теоретического осмысления закономерностей эволюции лексической семантики. В перспективе планируется продолжить исследование, промежуточной целью которого является семантическая и ономасиологическая реконструкция базисной лексики пракарачаевобалкарского языка
Performance Analysis of Deterministic Particle Swarm Optimization MPPT for a Standalone Photovoltaic System
Authors: Arunprasath Thanabalan  , Chanuri Charin  , Baharuddin Ismail  , Fatin Nadia Azman Fauzi  , Azirah Baharum
Published: July 2024

This paper presents a study of Deterministic Particle Swarm Optimization (DPSO) in maximum power point tracking. DPSO is applied to a standalone PV system with a boost converter. This method is implemented primary to solve the problem in conventional techniques such as Perturb and Observe (P&O) and Incremental Conductance (IC) in failure to detect optimum point under certain condition, fixed step-size and high steady-state oscillation. Deterministic method is applied to conventional Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and takes advantage over guiding the behaviour of the particles through experience. The velocity of the particle is predicted and evaluated until the optimum point is achieved. A standalone photovoltaic (PV) system is constructed with MATLAB Simulink and DPSO is deployed and tested by simulation. The effectiveness of DPSO is evaluated under uniform condition at standard test condition (STC), medium and low irradiance. The results show that the DPSO successfully converge at optimum point with low steady-state oscillation, and it has high efficiency.
Optimal Overcurrent Relay Solutions for Protection Coordination Using Metaheuristics Approaches with Penalty Function Method
Authors: Noor Zaihah Jamal  , Mohd Herwan Sulaiman  , Abdul Nasir  , Waheb A. Jabbar
Published: July 2024

This paper presents the development of overcurrent relay coordination (OCRC) problem formulation by implementing five well known metaheuristic algorithms that are Ant Lion Optimizer (ALO), Moth Flame Optimizer (MFO), Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO), Particles Swarm Optimizer (PSO) and Barnacles Matting Optimizer (BMO). The algorithms are assisted with penalty function method during the selection of new agents/ offsprings to confirm the generations that violated the constraints are superseded during the next generation selection. The OCRC is established by manipulating the current known as plus setting (PS) and time delay known as time multiplier setting (TMS) parameters. The optimized value of the TMS and PS will be selected using the algorithms to ensure the minimize result of the objective function. The algorithms are tested to three test systems which are IEEE 3 bus, 8 bus and 15 bus system to validate the efficiency and superiority of the proposed algorithms. The obtained results from those five algorithms are then compared. The simulation results show that MFO, BMO and GWO perform better objective function result and efficiently optimize the TMS and PS value of the OCRC problem without neglecting the inequality constraints.
A Comparative Study on Testing Optimization Techniques with Combinatorial Interaction Testing for Optimizing Software Product Line Testing
Authors: Nur Farrahin Maidin  , Sa’adah Hassan  , Salmi Baharom  , Abu Bakar Md. Sultan
Published: July 2024

A software product line (SPL) is a combination of software products that have similarities in features and functions. These combinations usually result in many feature combinations that challenge the testing process. The explosion of the combination of features can lead to exhaustive testing. This exhaustive testing will affect the time and cost for the product to be delivered to the market. This paper aims to identify the best algorithm and interaction strength to avoid exhausting testing and reduce the time and cost of the testing process. An experiment has been conducted on the most commonly used optimization algorithms in previous studies. The optimization algorithms we explored are the Genetic Algorithm, Cuckoo Search algorithm, Ant Colony algorithm, and Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm. Each algorithm has been tested with different combinatorial interaction strengths from two to six. This paper aims to get the best meta-heuristic algorithm and the optimum number of interaction strengths for optimizing the number of configurations in the SPL testing. Results show the best optimization algorithm is the Genetic Algorithm and the optimum interaction strength is t=5. This interaction strength achieves the optimum number of features combination that is sufficient for the testing process and thus can avoid the exhaustive testing in SPL testing. By using the best optimization algorithm with the optimum number of interaction strengths, the complexity of the SPL testing process could be reduced without prejudicing the quality of the software system itself.
Impact of luminous on Augmented Reality Response Time
Authors: Arthi D  , Sivakumari S
Published: July 2024

The goal of augmented reality is to combine elements of the actual environment with digitally created ones. In order to get realistic results, it is necessary to solve complex computer vision challenges. Some examples of these tasks include monitoring genuine 3D objects and assessing the lighting conditions of a scene. In this brief work, we explain how deep learning may be used to handle these two difficult problems in a way that is both accurate and reliable. As a potential solution to this issue, we have come up with the idea of feeding the network not only the currently active frame but also an estimate of the object's posture based on the preceding timestep in the sequence. Because of this, the network is able to repair any faults that occurred throughout the closed loop track ing process. The creation of a synthetic frame of the tracked item allows for the acquisition of the feedback, which may be thought of as an estimate of the current object posture. As a result, our approach requires a 3D rendering of something along with instruction of the tracking device using this model. We think we're the first to use deep machine learning for 6-degrees-of-freedom (DOF) dynamic tracking of items, but we can't be sure. In both cases, the latest developments are achieved by training deep convolution neural network models on massive data sets.
Leveraging Correlation and Clustering: An Exploration of Data Scientist Salaries
Authors: Agoeng Chandra , Miza Azmi Nurul Dini Faqriah , Mat Harun Hakimah , Abdullah Nurzulaikha , Mustafa Wan Azani , Ridzuan Fakhitah
Published: July 2024

Data science is a dynamic field with ever-evolving job descriptions and salary structures.  While data science offers high earning potential, the factors influencing data scientist salaries remain unclear. This lack of clarity makes it challenging for both employers to determine competitive compensation packages and for employees to understand how career choices like experience level and job title can impact their earning potential. Thus, this study aims to explore the interrelationship between related variables with salary. To achieve the objectives of this research, correlation analysis was employed to identify the strength and direction of linear relationships between these attributes in the dataset. Additionally, k-means clustering was utilized to group data scientists with similar characteristics, allowing for the exploration of potential salary segments within the data science field. It was found that there was a very strong correlation between employee residence and company location (r=0.90). There was a significant moderate positive correlation between salary with company location (r=0.46), residence (r=0.48) and experience level (r=0.41) respectively. Based on the clustering analysis, the group was divided into four different popular roles in data science salary group. Therefore, employers can leverage this knowledge to design the salary packages considering location and experience.
Application of the Canny Filter in Digital Steganography
Authors: Qasim Almaliki Alaa Jabbar , Abd Sajad Muhil , Lafta Inam Abdullah , Din Roshidi , Ghazali Osman , Almaliki Jabbar Qasim , Utama Sunariya
Published: July 2024

Substitution methods, LSB variants used in steganography on bitmap images, increase their effectiveness as the carrier images becomes noisier, that is, images with strong color variations between adjacent pixels reduce the human visual perceptibility threshold for detecting alterations. Sensitive information can thus be hidden with significantly greater efficacy and efficiency (in terms of perceptibility and quantity). Precisely for such effects, in a work on steganography prior to this, the necessary and used witness carriers were classified into four groups, according to their noise level, obtaining what was called Image Category [1]. However, quantifying such a property in an image with reasonable certainty, through analysis methods, turns out to be a costly task, requiring support tools, steganographic emulations, perceptibility measurements, previous experience, etc. In the context of the current R&D work on steganography, it was possible to similarly categorize any image, but without human intervention. This paper explains how this process was systematized, detecting noise level intervals that were assigned to the Image Category, which was done using Canny filters and subsequent weighting of the obtained image. Such a proposal brings a significant advantage when implementing substitution-based steganography systems.
Fabrication and Characterization of Rice Husk Ash Reinforced Aluminium Matrix Composite
Authors: Hasan Touhid , Wadud MA , Niaz Mahmudul Hasan , Uddin Md. Kutub , Islam Md Shariful
Published: July 2024

Aluminium matrix composites (AMCs) are renowned for their exceptional properties, including low density, high specific strength, high thermal conductivity, and abrasion resistance, making them ideal for advanced structural, automotive, and aerospace applications. However, the challenge of finding cost-effective and environmentally friendly reinforcement materials remains. Rice Husk Ash (RHA), an often-discarded by-product of rice milling, presents a viable solution. Its utilization in AMCs repurposes waste, reduces environmental impact, and offers an economically viable alternative to conventional reinforcements. This paper explores the use of RHA as a reinforcement in aluminium matrix composites, with varying concentrations of 3%, 6%, and 9% by weight prepared through sand casting. Tensile, compressive, impact, and hardness tests were conducted, and it was found that increasing the RHA content enhances the mechanical properties of the composites. Specifically, tensile strength increases by 10.57%, 16.83%, and 46.26%, and compressive strength by 17.17%, 27.81%, and 40.45% for 3%, 6%, and 9% RHA reinforcement, respectively, compared to base samples (pure aluminium). Significant improvements in Rockwell hardness and impact energy absorption were observed, with a maximum increase of 55.26% and 70.63% for the 9% RHA reinforcement. This study demonstrates the potential of RHA-reinforced AMCs to surpass the mechanical properties of pure aluminium, contributing to the circular economy by transforming rice husk waste into a valuable composite material for diverse structural applications.
Numerical Analysis of Combustion and Emission Characteristics of a Diesel Engine Fueled with 40Butanol/60Diesel Blended Fuel
Authors: Biswas Anik , Rahman Kazi Mostafijur
Published: July 2024

As the energy requirements of power producing systems increase, fossil fuels are becoming rare worldwide. Diesel engines are a common and efficient source of power generation. Nonetheless, several national and international bodies impose restrictions on diesel engine emissions for the environmental safety. So, to reduce the harmful diesel engine emissions, some steps should be followed which include lowering emissions and increasing performance. Butanol is a well-known biofuel which has comparatively lower emission characteristics and higher performance compared to diesel. Blending butanol with diesel can increase the performance and improve the emission characteristics of a diesel engine. A butanol/diesel blend (D60B40) is introduced to a single-cylinder, four-stroke, direct injection diesel engine. The combustion properties, and emissions are examined in this study using ANSYS Forte software. Effects of different SOI or start of injection (30, 26, 22, 18 degree BTDC) are checked. Results shows that early injection leads in greater temperatures, pressures, and heat release rates, which all contribute to a reduction in CO and UHC emissions but costs more NOx emissions. Combustion efficiency is 2.66% higher for 30 degree BTDC than 18 degree BTDC. Thermal efficiency shows 0.2% increase for 18 degree BTDC due to low wall heat transfer loss. NOx emission is 2.983 g/kWh for 30 degree BTDC where 18 degree BTDC had only 0.544 g/kWh. In order to reduce the NOx emission due to increasing blend ratio and advanced SOI, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is also investigated (0%, 10%, 20% & 30%) for D60B40 at 30 degree BTDC. At 30% EGR, the investigation reveals an improvement in emission characteristics, with NOx emission of 0.169 g/kWh which was about 90.5% lower than D100. The CO emission increases from 1.485 g/kWh to 5.345 g/kWh which is about 4 times more than 0% EGR. By using a higher butanol/diesel blend of D60B40 with early injection at 30 degree BTDC and EGR rate of 30%, it is feasible to satisfy the standards of many national and international organizations and improve combustion performance.
Texto para Discussão 3002
Authors: Caio Rodrigues Gomes Leite Caio Rodrigues Gomes Leite , Marinho Alexandre , Brandão Antonio Salazar Pessôa
Published: July 2024

Este trabalho realiza uma análise do crescimento da atividade agropecuária na região da Amazônia e do consequente aumento do desmatamento. Além disso, investiga-se se a diferença da produtividade da terra observada na agropecuária da região da Amazônia Legal (AM Legal) pode ser justificada pela baixa eficiência e, para isso, mediu-se a eficiência da agropecuária dos municípios da região comparativamente com os demais municípios do Brasil, além de ter-se utilizado o desmatamento como um output indesejável (undesirable output). Para tanto, utilizaram-se os dados do Censo Agropecuário do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), relativo a 2006, de 3.520 municípios do Brasil referentes a quinze variáveis: treze inputs (área de lavoura e pastagens, pessoal ocupado e os seguintes itens de dispêndios: adubos, agrotóxicos, corretivos do solo; sementes e mudas; sacarias e embalagens; medicamentos para animais; sal e rações; transporte; energia elétrica; e combustíveis); um output desejável (valor da produção); e um output indesejável (desmatamento). Empregou-se o modelo de programação matemática conhecido como análise envoltória de dados (data envelopment analysis – DEA), o modelo DEA com bad output, além da análise de fronteira estocástica (stochastic frontier analysis – SFA). Os resultados demonstraram que municípios com alto nível de desmatamento apresentam correlação positiva entre desmatamento e eficiência, o que indicaria que a eficiência se eleva quando o desmatamento aumenta, e vice-versa. Por sua vez, municípios com nível de desmatamento baixo revelam correlação negativa; tal fato mostra que aqueles que já não desmatam, ou desmatam pouco, apresentam menos incentivos para desmatar. Além disso, os municípios da AM Legal revelaram, em média, menor eficiência em relação aos demais municípios do país.
Empathetic and inclusive teaching via hybrid learning: Lessons from teaching staff
Authors: Menzies Laura , Tickle Matthew
Published: July 2024

Hybrid learning creates new opportunities for student learning, but also generates student anxiety due to the significant differences from the ‘standard’ method of teaching that most students are familiar with. This paper details the techniques used to teach in a more empathetic and inclusive manner during hybrid learning. Based on the authors’ experiences during the rapid switch to online teaching in higher education following the Covid-19 pandemic, the article highlights some of the successful techniques used to increase inclusivity and empathy within taught sessions. These techniques are split into those used before the taught sessions, those used during the sessions, and those used throughout the twelve weeks of teaching. The paper concludes that while these amendments create more work for teaching staff, we should all endeavour to utilize them to increase inclusivity and ensure a rich learning experience for all students.

This article was published open access under a CC BY licence:
https://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0
.
Open-book examination in analytical chemistry: A valuable approach that promotes inclusivity in education, as seen by students
Authors: West Harvey J. K. , Gillin Michael S. J. , de Viggiani Joe , Sedghi Gita , Luzyanin Konstantin V.
Published: July 2024

An open-book examination is a valuable approach that promotes inclusivity in education by placing greater emphasis on critical thinking, analysis, and the practical application of knowledge, rather than mere rote memorization. It enables students to consult the course materials, textbooks, and additional resources during the exam, thus creating an equitable platform for all learners. This brief communication delves into the students’ perception of open-book examinations within the realm of analytical chemistry, a subject taught as part of the undergraduate chemistry programme. Both surveys and individual interviews conducted by the researchers were used in a complementary way as methods for data collection. Thematic and content analysis of surveys and interview outcomes were subsequently undertaken. By exploring the viewpoints, we gained valuable insights into the advantages and challenges associated with implementing open-book assessments in this specific field.

This article was published open access under a CC BY licence:
https://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0
.
Inclusivity matters: Empowering practice teachers to foster intersectional understanding of gender and sexual diversity
Authors: Peng Sheng-Hsiang Lance
Published: July 2024

This reflective article explores the topic of gender and sexual diversity in secondary education through the lens of intersectionality. I facilitated a workshop with practice teachers enrolled in a secondary teacher training programme, focusing on the concept of intersectionality and its application in empowering young people. In this piece, I examine the insightful contributions of two attendees. One individual presented an artistic creation that questioned traditional notions of binary identity, while the other shared an anecdote highlighting the power of storytelling in addressing the challenges faced by adolescents regarding body image. By drawing upon these two responses, this article underscores the interplay of stigmas and discrimination encountered by gender and sexual diverse communities. It proposes a holistic approach that involves merging categorical boundaries and acknowledging power dynamics between various groups, thereby promoting inclusivity and facilitating the creation of tailored intervention strategies. I argue that integrating diverse understandings of gender and sexuality into teacher training curricula is possible through interactive workshops that utilize the concept of intersectionality to address the multifaceted challenges faced by adolescents. Ultimately, incorporating intersectionality is of utmost importance in establishing an inclusive educational atmosphere that recognizes and appreciates the diverse range of human experiences.

This article was published open access under a CC BY licence:
https://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0
.
Predictors of treatment failure following early antibiotic discontinuation in culture-negative, ventilator-associated pneumonia: an observational study
Authors: Huu Thien Le Bien , Mai Anh Tuan , Phan Megan D
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Early antibiotic discontinuation in clinically suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) may lead to infection relapse/recurrence and increase mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence and potential predictors of treatment failure with this approach.
Methodology: A retrospective observational study was conducted between September 2014 and November 2016 in a mixed intensive care unit. We included clinically suspected VAP patients whose quantitative sputum cultures from endotracheal aspirate were negative, allowing antibiotic discontinuation within 24 hours. Patients were monitored for signs and symptoms of recurrent VAP. Incidence and risk factors for treatment failure, defined as pneumonia recurrence, were determined using univariate logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.
Results: Forty-three patients met the inclusion criteria. The incidence of treatment failure among culture-negative VAP following early antibiotic discontinuation was 27.9% (12 patients). There were no significant differences in procalcitonin levels, leukocyte counts or body temperature between the two groups, except for the modified clinical pulmonary infection score (mCPIS) (5.42 ± 2.19 versus 3.9 ± 1.54, p = 0.014). Procalcitonin levels at VAP diagnosis and antibiotic cessation both showed low predictive capacity for treatment failure (AUC 0.56, CI 95% 0.36–0.76 and AUC 0.57, CI 95% 0.37–0.76, respectively). However, combining mCPIS with procalcitonin improved the predictive value for treatment failure (AUC 0.765, CI 95% 0.56–0.96).
Conclusions: Early antibiotic discontinuation may lead to a high incidence of treatment failure among culture-negative VAP patients. Procalcitonin alone should not guide antibiotic discontinuation decisions while combining mCPIS and procalcitonin enhances predictive accuracy for treatment failure.
Post-mortem diagnosis of human rabies in SARS-CoV-2 coinfected patient with minimally invasive autopsy in northeastern Brazil
Authors: Farias Luis Arthur BG , Sousa Marcos M , De Araujo Ruth Maria O , Maia Kelma M , De Azevedo Madalena Q , De Oliveira Caetano Nancy C , Cavalcante Karene F , Mello Liana P , De Sousa Larissa Leao F , Gadelha Sami de Andrade C , De Melo Deborah N , Carneiro Ana Karine B , Coelho Tânia Mara S , Neto Antônio Silva L , Abreu Francisco Edson B , Cavalcante Kellyn Kessiene de S , Costa Silvia F , De Goes Cavalcanti Luciano P , Perdigão Neto Lauro V
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Human rabies (HR) is a lethal zoonotic disease caused by lyssaviruses with increase in the number of cases post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
Methodology: We report a case of human rabies in a patient from a rural area of Ceará, northeastern Brazil in 2023, who was bitten by a white-tufted-ear marmoset (Callithrix jacchus jacchus). The patient was co-infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and was diagnosed by minimally invasive autopsy (MIA).
Results: MIA offers many advantages related to biosafety, and speed of sample acquisition; and markedly reduces disfigurement of the body compared with complete autopsy. It is a great alternative in COVID-19 patients.
Conclusions: New methods such as MIA are a promising tool for diagnosis, and have the potential to improve family cooperation and support rabies surveillance.
De quelle ESS relève TZCLD ? Une analyse à partir des dynamiques partenariales territoriales
Authors: Vatan Sylvain , Fretel Anne , Jany-Catrice Florence , Semenowicz Philippe
Published: July 2024

Cet article questionne la trajectoire des activités et partenariats noués entre l’entreprise à but d’emploi et les différents acteurs économiques sur le territoire d’une expérimentation TZCLD. En appui initial sur un fort tissu local d’acteurs du milieu associatif, de l’éducation populaire et de l’insertion par l’activité économique, les contraintes de l’expérimentation ont cependant reconfiguré les partenariats autour d’acteurs relevant de l’économie marchande, questionnant au passage l’utilité sociale des activités. L’article interroge ainsi le type d’ESS qui se construit dans la mise en œuvre locale de l’expérimentation.
Prendre soin, reprendre en main, ou lâcher prise : trois manières de surveiller la nuit carcérale
Authors: Le Mer Hadrien
Published: July 2024

L’un des enjeux principaux de la journée de travail du surveillant pénitentiaire consiste à déléguer le travail de réinsertion et de prise en charge de la vulnérabilité des personnes détenues à d’autres professionnels. La nuit, la prison se vide de ses différents intervenants et ce « sale boulot » s’impose aux seuls surveillants. Cette généralisation d’un « sale boulot » qui n’est plus délégable fait apparaitre une polarisation des attitudes de surveillance. La première, l’attitude statutaire, consiste à refuser le travail de réinsertion au profit d’une préservation de soi et de son sommeil. À l’opposé de ce désengagement professionnel, je distingue deux types de missionnariat. Le premier, le missionnariat sécuritaire, s’élabore contre l’idée d’une population pénale vulnérable et met en avant l’idée d’une dangerosité des personnes détenues qui profiteraient de la nuit pour s’épanouir dans l’illégalité. Le second, le missionnariat du soin, consiste à l’inverse à s’approprier le travail de réinsertion et de prise en charge de la vulnérabilité nocturne au profit d’un anoblissement moral de la mission professionnelle de surveillance. N’étant pas véritablement formés à la mission de réinsertion, les surveillants puisent dans des socialisations préalables pour parvenir à produire une réponse à la fragilité nocturne des personnes détenues et se situer préférentiellement dans l’une de ces trois attitudes. Je m’efforce d’analyser certaines des régularités observables entre passés sociaux des surveillants et attitudes de surveillance adoptées pendant la nuit.
Photovoice Project for a Family and Societal Nursing Course
Authors: Neiman Tammy
Published: July 2024

Background:

Aesthetic knowing requires an understanding of human experience while personal knowing requires self-reflection and awareness. Photovoice and arts-based learning utilizes different forms of art to elicit abstract and critical thinking and reflection skills in students.

Method:

A photovoice project was assigned to first-semester nursing students to think about and reflect on human experiences of patients, families, and themselves in the nursing role. Items on a course evaluation gauged how students felt the project contributed to their learning.

Results:

Many students appreciated the different approach to learning and liked the chance to be creative. The project also required students to review the contents of the course for a final presentation. The photovoice project contributes to the development of aesthetic and personal ways of knowing and helps students meet course objectives.

Conclusion:

The photovoice project is an effective and innovative way to develop aesthetic and personal knowing in nursing students.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2024;63(X):XXX–XXX.]