bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of heuristics selection for cooperative behaviour
Authors: Cardoso Felipe Maciel , Gracia-Lázaro Carlos , Moreno Yamir
Published: November 2020

Situations involving cooperative behaviour are widespread among animals and humans alike. Game theory and evolutionary dynamics have provided the theoretical and computational grounds to understand what are the mechanisms that allow for such cooperation. Studies in this area usually take into consideration different behavioural strategies and investigate how they can be fixed in the population under evolving rules. However, how those strategies emerged from basic evolutionary mechanisms continues to be not fully understood. To address this issue, here we study the emergence of cooperative strategies through a model of heuristics selection based on evolutionary algorithms. In the proposed model, agents interact with other players according to a heuristic specified by their genetic code and reproduce—at a longer time scale—proportionally to their fitness. We show that the system can evolve to cooperative regimes for low mutation rates through heuristics selection while increasing the mutation decreases the level of cooperation. Our analysis of possible strategies shows that reciprocity and punishment are the main ingredients for cooperation to emerge, and the emerging heuristics would likely cooperate in one-shot interactions. Additionally, we show that if in addition to behavioural rules, genetic relatedness is included, then kinship plays a relevant role, changing emerging strategies significantly. Our results illustrate that our evolutionary heuristics model is a generic and powerful tool to study the evolution of cooperative behaviour.
Photoemission from the gas phase using soft x-ray fs pulses: an investigation of the space-charge effects
Authors: Verna Adriano , Stefani Giovanni , Offi Francesco , Gejo Tatsuo , Tanaka Yoshihito , Tanaka Kenta , Nishie Tatsuru , Nagaya Kiyonobu , Niozu Akinobu , Yamamura Ryosuke , Suenaga Taiga , Takahashi Osamu , Fujise Hikaru , Togashi Tadashi , Yabashi Makina , Oura Masaki
Published: November 2020

An experimental and computational investigation of the space-charge effects occurring in ultrafast photoelectron spectroscopy from the gas phase is presented. The target sample CF3I is excited by ultrashort (100 fs) far-ultraviolet radiation pulses produced by a free-electron laser. The modification of the energy distribution of the photoelectrons, i.e. the shift and broadening of the spectral structures, is monitored as a function of the pulse intensity. The experimental results are compared with computational simulations which employ a Barnes–Hut algorithm to calculate the effect of individual Coulomb forces acting among the particles. In the presented model, a survey spectrum acquired at low radiation fluence is used to determine the initial energy distribution of the electrons after the photoemission event. The spectrum modified by the space-charge effects is then reproduced by N-body calculations that simulate the dynamics of the photoelectrons subject to the individual mutual Coulomb repulsion and to the attractive force of the positive ions. The employed numerical method accounts for the space-charge effects on the energy distribution and allows to reproduce the complete photoelectron spectrum and not just a specific photoemission structure. The simulations also provide information on the time evolution of the space-charge effects on the picosecond scale. Differences with the case of photoemission from solid samples are highlighted and discussed. The presented simulation procedure, although it omits the analysis of angular distribution, constitutes an effective simplified model that allows to predict and account for space-charge effects on the photoelectron energy spectrum in time-resolved photoemission experiments with high-intensity pulsed sources.
Mathematical analysis of heat and mass transfer in a Maxwell fluid with double stratification
Authors: Ahmad Shafiq , Khan Muhammad Naveed , Nadeem Sohail
Published: November 2020

The objective of the present research is to study the effects of variable thermal conductivity on the three-dimensional steady flow of Maxwell nanofluid in the presence of heat generation/absorption and double stratification. The theory of Cattaneo-Christov is used instead of the law of Fourier because the law of Fourier has parabolic equations and move at infinite speed in space. By using adequate transformation, the nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) are transformed into a set of ordinary equations (ODEs). The set of equations are solved numerically by adopting the bvp4c Matlab technique. The effects of different evolving parameters on axial velocity, temperature, and concentration are described in graphs. It is perceived that thermal and concentration stratification parameters result in the reduction of temperature and concentration distribution. Further, the heat generation parameter enhances the temperature distribution.
Plasma performance improvement with favourable B
t relative to unfavourable B
t in RF-heated H-mode plasmas in EAST
Authors: Lin X. , Yang Q.Q. , Xu G.S. , Huang J. , Gong X.Z. , Wang L. , Qian J.P. , Zhang B. , Garofalo A.M. , Chen R. , Jia G.Z. , Ye Y. , Lu Z.Y. , Chen L. , Zang Q. , Liu H.Q. , Li M.H. , Wang Y.M. , He L. , Xu J.C. , Yu Y.W. , Lin S.Y. , Duan Y.M. , EAST team the
Published: November 2020

Significant improvement of plasma performance in high-confinement mode (H-mode) discharges with favourable toroidal field B
t, i.e. the ion ∇B drift towards the primary X-point, has been widely observed in the EAST tokamak with pure radio-frequency heating in contrast to that with the unfavourable B
t. Statistical analysis indicates that plasma in the favourable B
t has higher core electron temperature, similar core ion temperature and relatively steeper pedestal density compared with that in the unfavourable B
t. The improvement in plasma performance is mainly contributed by the increase of core electron temperature in the favourable B
t. Further analysis indicates that the plasma with favourable B
t has much lower density and recycling in the scrape-off layer (SOL). Lower SOL density and recycling benefit the mitigation of parametric instability activity of lower hybrid wave (LHW), and thus facilitate the increase of core electron temperature in the favourable B
t. The performance improvement in the favourable B
t demonstrates to be more evident with high LHW power. Divertor local E
r × B drift which can increase the backflow particles from the divertor region to the upstream region could be partly responsible for the much higher SOL plasma density in unfavourable B
t. These findings could facilitate the application of LHW power on future large fusion devices, such as the China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor, to achieve high-performance steady-state operation.
Radiation asymmetry and MHD destabilization during the thermal quench after impurity shattered pellet injection
Authors: Hu D. , Nardon E. , Hoelzl M. , Wieschollek F. , Lehnen M. , Huijsmans G.T.A. , van Vugt D. C. , Kim S.-H. , contributors JET , team JOREK
Published: November 2020

The radiation response and the MHD destabilization during the thermal quench after a mixed species shattered pellet injection with impurity species neon and argon are investigated via 3D non-linear MHD simulation using the JOREK code. Both the n = 0 global current profile contraction and the local helical cooling at each rational surface caused by the pellet fragments are found to be responsible for MHD destabilization after the injection. Significant current driven mode growth is observed as the fragments cross low order rational surfaces, resulting in rapidly inward propagating stochastic magnetic field, ultimately causing the core temperature collapse. The thermal quench (TQ) is triggered as the fragments arrive on the q = 1 or q = 2 surface depending on the exact q profile and thus mode structure. When injecting from a single toroidal location, strong radiation asymmetry is found before and during the TQ as a result of the unrelaxed impurity density profile along the field line and asymmetric outward heat flux. Such asymmetry gradually relaxes over the course of the TQ, and is entirely eliminated by the end of it. Simulation results indicate that the aforementioned asymmetric radiation behavior could be significantly mitigated by injection from toroidally opposite locations, provided that the time delay between the two injectors is shorter than 1 ms. It is also found that the MHD response are sensitive to the relative timing and injection configuration in these multiple injection cases.
First International Conference for Pure and Applied Sciences (ISCPS), Faculty of Science, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq
Authors: Obaid Ahmed J. , Al-Rafaei Mohamed , Salaeh Hasson Haider , Abas Hussain Luay Abdual , Hamad Bassma H. , Ahmed Hiba A.
Published: November 2020

The ISCPS Proceedings volume contains the written versions of the contributions presented during the First International Conference for Pure and Applied Sciences (ISCPS), it had been held at Faculty of Science, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq(http://sci.uokufa.edu.iq/), at 13 and 14 July 2020, ISCPS also hosted a session from 3rd Creativity and Innovation Forum which it’s had been held at University of Babylon. The Conference provided a forum for discussion and sharing between lecturers, researchers, academics, practitioners, communities, and Information technology specialists, from universities, research institutes, corporations, industries, the government, and the general public in terms of Pure and Applied Sciences in the aspect of Biology, Chemistry, Geology, Physics, and Mathematics. The conference has been a great opportunity for participants coming from UK, Turkey, Egypt, Lebanon, Qatar, Algeria, Syria, Iran, India, Pakistan, Malaysia, Palestine, Senegal, Morocco, and Many other Countries to present and discuss topics in their respective research areas.

List of Conference Chairs, Editorial Committee, Organizing Committee (Faculty of Science, University of Kufa), Scientific Committee (Faculty of Science, University of Kufa), Invited Speakers, Organizing Institutions and Sponsors are available in this pdf.
Molecular Study and Antibiotic susceptibility patterns of some Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Genes (ESBL) of Klebsiella pneumpniae in Urinary Tract Infections
Authors: Al-Hashimy Ashwak B. , Al-Musawy Weam K.
Published: November 2020

The present study included the collection of 121 samples from MSU for investigating the presence of K.pneumoniae in UTIs, the samples have been collected from Al-Shaheed Mohammed Baqir AL-Hakeem hospital and private laboratories in Baghdad province. The study was carried out through March 2019 to the beginning of June 2019. The samples were identified based on the morphological and microscopically characteristics of the colonies when they were culturing on number of culture media as well as biochemical tests, molecular identification were also used as a final diagnostic test for isolates that were positive as they belong to K.pneumoniae bacteria during previous tests based on the blaTEM, blaSHV and blaCTX-M genes which has specific sequences for K.pneumoniae bacteria as a detection gene and also consider as virulence factor so it have a synonyms mechanism to antibiotic resistance. The results of the final diagnosis showed that 38 isolates belong to target bacteria, The examination of the sensitivity of all bacterial isolates was done for selected 38 isolation towards the 16 antibiotics by a Vitek2 compact ASTN system and the isolates were resistant for a number of antibiotics used such as; Amikacin (5.26%), Imepenem (5.26%), Ertapenem (7.89%), Meropenem (10.52%), Gentamicin (21.05%), Ciprofloxacin (26.32%), Cefoxitin (39.47%), Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (50%), Ceftriaxone (52.63%), Fosfomycin (55.26%), Piperacillin/Tazobactam (57.89%), Nitrofurantoin (57.89%), Ceftazidime (65.79%), Cefuroxime (71.05%), Cefixime (73.68%) and Ampicillin (100%). The presence of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase genes in 38 K.pneumoniae isolates were 65.8 % of the ESBL genotypes expressed blaSHV genes followed by 52.6 % blaTEM and 42.1 % for blaCTX-M.
RP – HPLC method for the determination of removal phenol as a pollutant in aqueous solution
Authors: Saeed Ahmed Mahdi , Ibrahim Dheyaa H. , Al–Latief Hind A.W.A.
Published: November 2020

An efficient, rapid, sensitive, and reproducible methods for the removal phenol determination of in aqueous solution was developed. UV- Spectroscopy methods and reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP - HPLC) were used. The phenol removal from the aqueous solution was carried out by prepared activated carbons (ACs) from the wheat plant waste as a natural material. The remains phenol was determined using RP – HPLC and UV- Spectroscopy. The elution was done using a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile (ACN): water in the ratio of 10:90 on HPLC Shimadzu LC–20 A, Japan and Phenomenex C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5μm). The separation was monitored for 15 min at 270 nm using a UV-visible detector and 1.5 ml/min flow rate. UV-VIS spectrophotometric measurement for quantitative of phenol was carried out at 272.6 nm. The optimum conditions such as the composition of the mobile phase, flow rate, temperature, size, time and pH were studied. The obtained results revealed that the values of R2 are (0.9996 and 0.9991), the detection limit (0.02 and 0.01), the quantitative limit (0. 066 and 0.033), the linear ranges (0.2 – 25 and 0.1 – 30) μg / mL for UV and HPLC respectively. The removal percentages of phenol using the treated wheat plant waste were found 98.76 and 98.85 using UV and HPLC measurements respectively. Compared to the other methods, the current method is rapid, simple and economical for the removal and determination of phenol in aqueous solution.
Study the Daily Behavior of Rainfall over Iraq
Authors: Hmood Abd Donia Qassim , Abdulkareem Asraa Khtan
Published: November 2020

Through statistical analysis and determine the date and place of daily rainfall for the study area, which included ten stations from Iraq (2007-2016) It turned out that the behavior of daily rainfall varied significantly from Extreme values reached (89 mm) in Baghdad to min. (0.2mm) in Samawah, Although most of the months of rainy season did not record any rain. Baghdad, Mosul, Khanken and Kirkuk are most variable stations of rain with SD (4). The reason for the change in the amount of daily rain and the difference in distribution between the months of the rainy season is due to the nature of the atmospheric depression where very severe cases it results from the deepening of the atmospheric low surface pressure In this study, it was found that the daily rains of Iraq are not only varying in amount but also a different in Persisting with (1-4and more) days where In March all stations have max. Frequency persisting one day but persisting two days was in January while December persisting three days but persisting four days and more recorded in December. This is due to the nature of the atmospheric depression where very severe cases it results from the Atmospheric depression deepened from the upper atmosphere.
Impact of Ozone gas on Air Temperature Change in Iraq and Some Surrounding Countries
Authors: Al-Jaf Swma J. , Al-Taai Osama T.
Published: November 2020

Iraq faces one of the Middle East’s most climate-changing countries, facing many environmental challenges, the most important of which is rising temperatures above normal. The effect of chemical compounds on ozone gas and depletion leads to an increase in the ozone hole and consequently more sunlight reaches the atmosphere. The aim of this research is to study the effect of O3 and its effect on the rate of temperature. The data were obtained from satellites recorded by the European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF). This study selects Iraq and adjacent areas from latitude 27 to 37 °N and longitude from 39 to 50 °E for years (2003-2016), where we studied the behavior of O3 gas concentration and its relationship to air temperature change. Due to the use of correlation coefficient between 3 O and temperature, it was found that the relationship was negative in most of the study stations because the weight gas is fluctuating gas, wherein Sulaymaniyah (Iraq) - 0.5, and in Mosul (Iraq) - 0.3, and in Baghdad station -0.2, while a positive relationship in the southern stations in Basrah station +0.4 and in Nasiriah station +0.3, As in adjacent regions were also positive in Jubail (K.S.A) +0.6, and negative in other neighbor regions.
Ground Water Hydrochemical Assessment at Rifai-Nasiriya district, Thi Qar Governorate- South Iraq
Authors: Al-Dabbas Moutaz A. , Mhajej Kareem G. , Kadum Weam H.
Published: November 2020

The climate parameters (rainfall, Number of rainy days and temperature) data for the period from 1941 to 2009 for Nasiriya were investigated. The output reflect minimizing the numbers of rainy days and means yearly precipitation in the Nasiriya station, with the maximizing the yearly mean temperature. The chemical properties of sixteen samples of the shallow groundwater of the Quaternary sediments at Rifai-Nasiriya district are examined. Groundwater analysis indicates that the values of pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and total dissolved solids (TDS) are in the range of (6.9 to 7.8), (1645 to 68509) µS/cm, and (1158 to 47956) mg/l respectively. The results of groundwater analyses show brackish to salty water classes and indicate slightly mineralized to mineralized water. The groundwater is of two catigories Sulphate group with three families (Na - SO4) and (Mg - SO4), while the second is Chloride group having two families, (Ca- Cl) and (Na - Cl). The evaporation and dissolution of the evaporate rocks (gypsum and anhydrite) are the main factors affecting the groundwater as well as the weathering of the carbonate rocks. The water is not good because of the high salinity for any usage.
Adsorption of safranin dye from their aqueous solutions by using CA and Nano FeO/CA
Authors: Abdul Hussain Amna Faris , Halboos Mohanad H.
Published: November 2020

The safranin dye adsorption from the surface of Nano Iron oxide, using UV-visible spectroscopy device. The effect of temperature within the range )328-298) Kelvin. In the adsorption, process of safranin dye was investigated. The results showed that the adsorption increased with increasing temperature, i.e. the reaction is endothermic (adsorption and absorption).Dye removal was (R% = 97.691) at acid medium. This study indicated the susceptibility of Nano Iron oxide (Nano FeO/CA) in removing safranin dye with a high efficiency of aqueous solution. The material Nano FeO / CA had a better adsorption capacity than CA at concentration of (5) ppm of the dye and was (1.910 mg / g).
THE EFFECTS OF SOME ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON THE ENTEROBACTER GROUP
Authors: Al-Haidarey M. J. , Zwain K. A.
Published: November 2020

In nature, E. coli takes place in different forms, separate from commensal to human or animal hosts pathogenies. Though E. coli genetics, physiology, and biochemistry have been extremely elaborated, there is not recognize in passing how they behave in natural habitats. Such an environment has been separated in a primary that is animal-human host-related, while the secondary is non-host-related habitat.. Thus, this study comes to investigate how its survival in different concentrations of different environmental variables and assess the potential effects of some environmental factors (salinity, sulfates, and chloride) on the enterobacter group. API20E kit and VITEK®2 GN were used to identification of studied bacteria. We identified five strains of enterobacter bacteria and one mix-bacteria to test the hypothesis of the current study and using normal saline for preparing serial dilutions. The results showed that the increase of salinity could affect studied bacteria significantly (p-value <0.01), also the increasing of sulfate (as NaSO4) was leading to significantly inhibited of bacterial growth at > 600 mg/L sulfates (p-value <0.01), while the concentration in-between 400-500 mg/L was worked positively with all of the studied bacteria, moreover there were negative effects of different concentrations of chloride (P-value < 0.01), except Var.2 was increased with adding 2gm/L of chloride.
Purification of Leucine aminopeptidase and its correlation with biochemical parameters in sera of subclinical hypothyroidism and hypothyroidism
Authors: Husseini Huda. H. , Shafeeq Noorhan Khalid
Published: November 2020

The aim of this study purification of Leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) from hypothyroidism patients sera and its relation to thyroid hormones, lipid peroxidation levels of subclinical hypothyroidism and hypothyroidism patients, blood samples were collected from (50) healthy subject and (100) patients, consisted of fifty with hypothyroidism and fifty with subclinical hypothyroidism.. The purification is done by addition of ammonium sulfate, dialysis, anion- exchange chromatography and size-exclusion chromatography. FT3, FT4, TSH, LAP, peroxynitrite, malondialdehyde were determined. Results showed the precipitate and concentrated protein appeared five peaks in ion exchange column, LAP activity located in the first and second protein peak, also, results showed single peak for both first and second peaks after eluted in gel filtration chromatography following steps by using SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. From current study, it is concluded hypothyroidism (LAP) have two isoenzymes, also, concluded a highly significant increase in LAP, MDA and peroxynitrite levels in the subclinical hypothyroidism and hypothyroidism patients when compared to the healthy subject, and their correlation with FT3, FT4, TSH in the patient group, when compared by the control group that indicate these parameters could be play an effect role in these diseases.
Non Destructive Testing For Detection abnormal Object in The X-Ray Images
Authors: Fadel Noor. , Al-Hameed W. , Ahmed Mohammed Kassim
Published: November 2020

The clarification of weaknesses or defects detection in radiographs image is very important especially in medical science and non-destructive testing centers. The pressing need appears to develop the capabilities that serve image processing in several aspects to achieve the desired results and obtain useful information as possible from images. Therefore, it is very important to know the appropriate methods for image processing, especially with poor context radiographs images to improve their clarity and facilitate the interpretation process. In addition to providing important visual information that difficulty of obtaining from its sources noise-free. This research aims to detect non- normal objects that exist in the X-ray image efficiently through the adoption of digital image processing methods. By using the median filter addition to the morphological processes and obtaining satisfactory results. Where the accuracy of the proposed model reached 86.25 and the proposed model was applied to 80 casting images.
The effect voltage Device of x-ray on radiation doses and image quality
Authors: Alhamd M. W. , Abbood Nazar Ali
Published: November 2020

The X-ray tube generates diagnostic X-rays, and these rays can penetrate the human body and to different dimensions depending on the energy of the rays. These rays meet absorption and scattering inside the body, and whatever comes out of them is used for radiological examination purposes. Radiation exposure accompanies some of the potential risks, so it requires knowing the amount of radiation dose for the total exposed (man. Sv), as well as the equivalent effective dose for the organ or tissue in the body, and multiplied by the value determined by the risk factor, thus determining the amount of radiation risk or the rate of infection Radiative damage. The surface entry dose values measured by the German-born Dosimax mobile device are closer to the reference values, because the sensitive size of this meter is a material equivalent to living tissue, which is exposed to X-rays, so the reading value of the dose in the air is not the same as in the case of the ionization chamber (Unfors) is Swedish in origin, but rather the dose of live tissue which is an approach to the dose of patients. The amount of fluctuation in the measuring voltages of the device (C) is 11.3% which is higher than the specified values, and also the standard deviation in the measurement is more than 5%, that is, the device does not meet the quality assurance specifications (QA), while the two devices (F, E) are The volatility value is 3.89% and 4.6%, respectively, which is less than the limits set for this fluctuation of 10%, and the standard deviation values are less than 5%.
Structural behavior of DC sputtered zinc oxide (ZnO) Thin films
Authors: Shaker Abbas Sabah , Khadayeir Abdalhussain A.
Published: November 2020

In this paper znO thin film, has been deposited using DC sputtering technique, then the thin film has been characterized by XRD, the results showed that the strongest peak was at 36.4137 degree, FWHM was at 0.1779 degree, lattice constant was 2.46537 A° and the average grain size was 49.10 nm. AFM analysis showed that the increasing of pressure sputtering to increase of roughness average from (6.53 to 8.32) nm, root mean square from (7.67 to 9.63) nm but ten points height decreased from (28.6 to 16.6) at 3*10−3, 6*10−3and 9*10−3 mbar respectively.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Polyaniline Nano-fibers as H2S Gas Sensor
Authors: Akber Hassan J. , Ibrahim Isam M. , Razeg Khalid H.
Published: November 2020

A simple hydrothermal method of synthesis of Polyaniline Nano-fibers was presented. Thin films from PANI have been deposited via spin-coating technique on silicon substrate. The structural, morphological, optical and sensitive properties were Studied for prepared thin films. The XRD results exhibit that the prepared films show crystalline nature of polyaniline Nano-Fibers and that the crystallite size, evaluated by the Scherer formula, is about 30.1 nm. The FE-SEM image of Polyaniline proved that the film prepared have Nano fiber like structure. The optical measurements proved that the optical energy gap was found to be 2.88 eV. The H2S sensing properties of thin films were measured for various operating temperatures, The best sensitivity of 7.32% was observed when operating at a working temperature of 150 °C, also the fast response time and recovery time behavior have been achieved.
Estimate parameters of Pareto distribution for censored data type one
Authors: Al-Bderi Hind Jawad Kadhim
Published: November 2020

This paper intends to estimate the unlabeled two parameters for generalized Pareto distribution model depend on censored samples of singly type one; employing the maximum likelihood estimator method to obtain the derivation of the point estimators for all unlabeled parameters depending on iterative techniques, as Newton – Raphson method, then to derive rank set sampling method. Applying all these methods to estimate related probability functions; death density function, cumulative distribution function, survival function and hazard function (rate function). When examining the numerical results for probability survival function by employing mean squares error measure and mean absolute percentage measure, this may lead to work on the best method in modeling a set of real data; and this Maximum likelihood estimator method for real censored type I sample.
Cubic Curves Over the Finite Field of Order Twenty Seven
Authors: Naji Sadeq Hamdallah , Abdulkareem Emad Bakr
Published: November 2020

A cubic curve is a non-singular projective plane cubic curve. An (k; 3)-arc is a set of points no four are collinear but some three are linear. Most of the cubic curve can be regarded as an arc of degree three. In this paper, the projectively inequivalent cubic curves have been classified over the finite field of order twenty-seven with respect to its inflexions points and determined if they are complete or incomplete as arcs of degree three. Also the size of the largest arc of degree three that can be constructed form each incomplete cubic curve are given. The main conclusion that can be drawn is that, over F
27, the largest an arc of degree three can be constructed depending on the cubic curve is 38; that is, 38 ≤ m
3(2,27) ≤ 55.
Robust variable selection in sliced inverse regression using Tukey’s biweight criterion and ball covariance
Authors: Alkenani Ali
Published: November 2020

The shrinkage sliced inverse (SSIR) is a variable selection method under the settings of sufficient dimension reduction (SDR) theory. The SSIR merges the ideas of Lasso shrinkage and sliced inverse regression (SIR) to obtain sparse and accurate solutions. However, the dependency of SSIR on squared loss function and classical estimates for location and dispersion measures make it very sensitive to outliers. In this paper, a robust variable selection method based on SSIR, which is called RSSIR, is proposed. The squared loss is replaced by Tukey’s biweight criterion. Also, the classical estimates of the mean and covariance matrix are replaced with the median and ball covariance, which are robust measures for location and dispersion, respectively. In both the response and covariates, the proposed RSSIR is resistant to outliers. In addition, a robust version of the residual information criterion (RIC) is proposed to select the regularisation parameter. Depending on the results of simulations and real data analysis, very reliable results are achieved through RSSIR. In the presence of outliers, the performance of RSSIR is significantly better than the performance of SSIR and other existing methods.
On Third-Order Differential Subordination Results for Univalent Analytic Functions Involving An Operator
Authors: Atshan Waggas Galib , Battor Ali Hussein , Abaas Abeer Farhan
Published: November 2020

In this paper, by making use An operator, suitable classes of admissible functions are investigated and the properties of third-order differential subordination are obtained.
Determination of PAHs Concentration in Some Types of Phoenix Dactylifera L. Samples from Al-Diwaniyah Markets by Using Soxhlet and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy Technique
Authors: Walli Hazim A. , Kadhim Muqdad I. , Shihad Arshed A. Ali , Karam Faiq F.
Published: November 2020

The concentration of poly aromatic hydrocarbons in three types of Phoenix Dactylifera L fruits (Iraqi, Iranian, Saudi) which are all collected from Iraq-Al-Diwaniyah city have been investigated. The PAHs levels in our samples were estimation by using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). The technique of GC-MS was used for determination of ten of prior sixteen of carcinogenic PAHs compounds that are globally approved. The data indicated that thereare four PAHs in Iraqi dates, where fluorene was the highest level of these compounds with concentration of 124.509 μg/mL followed by Acenaphthylene, Naphththalene, andAnthracene with concentration about 16.227 μg/mL, 15.850 μg/mL, and 3.035 μg/mL respectively. While the Saudi dates found that there are five types of PAHs with different concentrations, where the highest concentration is for Naphththalene with concentration about 269.491 μg/mL followed by Acenaphthylene, Phenanthrene, Anthracene and Pyrene with levels of 23.670 μg/mL, 8.340 μg/mL, 1.761μg/mL and 0.543 μg/mL respectively.
PVC Films Performance Stabilized By Dibutyltin (IV) Complex For Sustainable Environment
Authors: Khalaf Majid , Fadhil Zeyad , Al-Mashhadani Mohammed H. , Abdallh Mustafa , Bufaroosha Muna , Majeed Alabbas , Salih Nadia , Yousif Emad
Published: November 2020

A new tin(IV) complex was synthesized to inhibit the effect of UV light on PVC films. The new dibutyl tin(IV) complex coordinated to captopril as a ligand (Bu2SnL2) were used as additive to reduce the deterioration of PVC films under irradiation of UV light. Tin (IV) complex efficiency was examined under accelerated UV irradiation conditions for 300h at ambient temperature. The shifts in the FTIR index of hydroxyl, carbonyl and carbine, in addition to changes in weight, viscosity and surface morphology was used to evaluate the performance of the new complex as a photostabilizer for PVC films.
A new hybrid CGM for unconstrained optimization problems
Authors: Wasi H A , Shiker Mushtak A K
Published: November 2020

In this work, a hybrid CGM (conjugate gradient method) has been suggested to solve the unconstrained optimization problems by combining a (Polak– Ribiére–Polyak) method with (Fletcher-Reeves) method. The suggested method has the sufficient descent property under the suggestion of a suitable line search and appropriate conditions. The global convergence is construct for this method. The numerical results display that this method is better than the other method comparing with.
Advanced Oxidation Process as a type of photo catalytic removal of Maxilon blue dye (GRL) using
Authors: Aljeboree Aseel M. , Abdulrazzak Firas H. , Alkaim Ayad F. , Hussein Falah H.
Published: November 2020

Removal of toxic textile Maxilon blue (GRL) dye from aqueous solution via utilizing TiO2 under UV irradiation. the maximum wavelength of GRL dye at 590 nm, The process of photo degradation was carry out in aqueous solutions having the dye in the presence of TiO2 (Degussa p – 25) upon UV irradiation (high pressure mercury lamp Radium 125 W). The phot catalytic process utilized the photo produced holes at the surface of TiO2 and (OH) at the solution bulk as oxidizing species of the GRL. several factor effecting the phot catalytic degradation method like primary concentration GRL, mass of TiO2 and, intensity light was studied. Data obtained revealed that the GRL percentage % is inversely proportional to its conc., The photcatalytic decomposition of dye GRL was utmost efficient in the solution at lesser primary conc., and greater intensity light.
Regional Boundary Asymptotic Gradient reduced order observer
Authors: Al-Saphory Raheam A. , Al-Shaya Ahlam Y. , Rekkab Soraya
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the notion of regional boundary asymptotic gradient reduced order observer (Γ*AGRO-observer) in distributed parameter systems. More precisely, we explore and discuss the existing of this approach in which estimates a considered sub-region Γ* for the considered domain boundary. Thus, we show that the approach is enables to build the unknown part of the state gradient when the output function gives part of information about the region state. Furthermore, the characterization of this notion depend on regional boundary gradient strategic sensors (RBG-strategic sensors) concept in order that regional boundary asymptotic gradient reduced order observability (Γ*AGRO-observability) to be achieved and analyzed. Finally, an application is presented to various situations of strategic sensors for internal case.
Diversity of Avian Fauna of Al-Dalmaj Wetlands and the surrounding terrestrial areas, Iraq
Authors: Salim Mudhafar A. , Abed Salwan Ali , Jabbar Mohammed T. , Harbi Zaman S. , Yassir Wameedh S. , Al-Saffah Safidden M. , Alabd-Alrahman Hayder A.
Published: November 2020

Dalmaj area, or Hor Ad-Dalmaj wetlands, is considered as one of the Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) and Important Bird Areas (IBAs) in Iraq and the Middle East region due to various ecological values and richness in species and habitat diversity. Dalmaj area includes wide spectrum of habitats that ranges of wetlands: open-water lake, reed-beds marsh, marsh margins, mudflats, and the open lake; in addition to the terrestrial habitats that include the arid lands, shrub-lands, and the desert and semi-desert areas. This wide range of habitats in Dalmaj and the surrounding areas have enriched the avifauna and bird diversity. Based on the results of intensive field surveys that extended over more than a decade (in addition to some observations back to 30 years made by MS) important observations were made on the numbers of the species and their counts in addition to their distribution within the study area where considerable numbers of resident and migrant bird species were observed. This includes 261 of the resident and migrant bird species (breeding and non-breeding) have been recorded in Dalmaj wetlands and the surrounding areas. Such a level of richness in bird diversity, that exceeds 60% of the Iraqi bird checklist, illustrates the necessity of taking the required measures to protect the biodiversity in general and the birds and their habitats in particular in this important hotspot on the national, regional, and global levels. The process of watching the birds and their habitats in Dalmaj along more than a decade have included long-term capacity-building activities that ended in creating solid, capable national team. The team of the Iraqi Organization for Conservation of nature (IOCN) has contributed in quite extensive surveys in Dalmaj area during the field work. The results of the 30-years surveys presented by this paper represent the most comprehensive work on the avifauna of Dalmaj area and in Iraq as well. The team is confident that this work would contribute positively to the conservation effort in Dalmaj area.
The effectiveness of silver and silica nanoparticles on productivity and adult emergence of T.castaneum and C. maculatus
Authors: Annon Mohammed R. , Jafar Fatima S.
Published: November 2020

Silver and silica nanoparticles and Nerium oleander (neem) leaves extract were used in different concentrations on the adults of Callosobruchus maculatus (cowpea seed beetle) and Tribolium castaneum (flour beetle) to detect their activity on productivity (number of eggs) and adult emergence.
Investigation of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α among patients infected with Proteus mirabilis in UTI Cases
Authors: D’asheesh Tha’ir Abid , Jabbar Al-Kaabi Hayder Kamil , Hmood Al-Khalidi Baheeja A.
Published: November 2020

Aims: In human Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) consider one of the most common bacterial infections, the purpose of this research was to assess the association between Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) level in P. mirabilis UTI cases. Methodology: 160 samples of urine and blood were gotten from persons Suffer UTI, their age reached to (10-60) years, in addition to 100 samples of urine and blood from Healthy persons as a control group. All urine samples were inoculated by sterile loop immediately on blood agar plate and MacConkey agar plate and incubated aerobically at 37°C for 24 hr. Colony Forming Units (CFUs) method was used for growing single and pure bacterial colonies for target bacteria. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kit was used for detection level of human cytokines (IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α) in inpatient and control groups. Results: The result showed that 62.5% of samples were positive for P. mirabilis. The level of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α considerably were high inpatient which reached to (312.189±0.916, 272.417±8.699 and 93.908±0.912)respectively, compared with control group (75.416±0.721, 77.978±0.932 and 51.777±0.556) respectively. There were important connotations between age, gender and placement and P. mirabilis infection. Conclusion: Target cytokines piece a critical role in UTI especially in acute phase. Also, there were substantial variances in age group, gender, and residency regarding infected with P. mirabilis and there are important relationships between IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α in the patients infected with P. mirabilis.
Using of particle swarm optimization (PSO) to addressed reliability allocation of complex network
Authors: Abdullah Ghazi , Haddi Hassan Zahir Abdul
Published: November 2020

This paper focuses on the reliability of complex system that has been measured as a complex system using minimal paths. The reliability of this system has been assigned to research the possible approaches of the assignment reliability values based on reducing the total cost of this method. The results originally included:

(i) Three cost functions were used to measure the cost of the complex system: First, the exponential behavior model with the feasibility factor model. Second, the exponential behavior model. Third, the logarithm model.

(ii) The reliability of every component of the system was calculated using Particle Swarm algorithm to solve the problems of optimizing the given reliability of the complex system.
The Effect of Diyala Tributary on Ecological Factors of Tigris River
Authors: Nashaat Muhanned R. , Muftin Fatema Sh. , Abbas Enaam K. , Ali Eman H.
Published: November 2020

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of the Diyala Tributary on the physical – chemical factors of the Tigris River. A water sample was collected monthly from five sites. Site 1 was located on the Tigris River before joining the Diyala with Tigris River, site 2 was located on Diyala River, site 3 was located on the Tigris River after 500m from joining area of Tigris with Diyala River, Finally site 4&5 was located 3, 5 Km of site 3 respectively downstream Tigris River. The results of this study illustrated that the variations in the values of turbidity and the total suspended solids in the Tigris River and Diyala Tributary were not sharp, whereas there was clear effect of Diyala Tributary by raising the values of the electrical conductivity, salinity, TDS, BOD5, total hardness, bicarbonate, sulphate of the Tigris River. Also there was an increase in the phosphate and nitrate concentrations with depletion of dissolved oxygen at site 2 which located on Diyala Tributary that affected on Tigris River significantly.
Microplastic Contamination of Surface Sediment of Euphrates River, Iraq: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Kadhum Safaa A. , Abed Salwan Ali , Ewaid Salam Hussein , Al-Ansari Nadhir , Naji Abolfazl
Published: November 2020

Microplastics pollutants in sediment have been notified in freshwater and estuaries from different countries. However, microplastics abundance, distribution, and polymer types in surface sediment from Euphrates River were reported for the first time. Microplastics were found in all sediment sites along the river, and abundance ranging from 29.6 to 120.0 particles/kg dry, with an average 86.7 particles/kg dry. Fiber particles were the most predominant form (57.1%), followed by films (29.6.2%) and fragments (13.1%). The polymers identified using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) which was dominantly polyethylene (44.1%), polyethylene terephthalate (35.0%) and nylon (20.2%). It is clear that the microplastics levels in sediment from Euphrates river were polluted and these data will be useful for manage and rehabilitation the Iraqi rivers to reduce possible microplastics pollution.
The impact of the formation conditions and properties of the water treatment plants sludge on its usage in the ceramic bricks production
Authors: Orlov A A , Belkanova M Yu , Lymar R K
Published: November 2020

Water treatment plants (WTP) sludge can be used in the construction industry. However, the composition and properties of WTP sludge are determined by the quality of water in the water source and the water treatment technology. At the same time, the technology for the manufacture of construction products requires a consistent quality of raw materials and reproducible characteristics of the finished products. In this paper, we studied the impact of a modifying add from WTP sludge on the properties of the clay composition and ceramic bricks. We used the WTP sludge formed in the fall and winter periods in the city of Chelyabinsk. The air-dry WTP sludge was introduced into the clay composition in an amount of 5-10% by mass. It is shown that the characteristics of the ceramic fragment are independent of the sludge collection season. It was found that the modifying add allows us to reduce the ceramics baking temperature by 50 °C without worsening the material baking index. The introduction of a 10% WTP sludge add helps to reduce the tendency of the air-dried brick to crack formation and accelerates the drying mode.
Peculiarities of hardening of an astringent system based on orthophosphoric acid and serpentine with an admixture of magnesite
Authors: Orlov A A , Chernykh T N , Zimich V V
Published: November 2020

The paper considers peculiarities of hardening of the non-burnt binder system – orthophosphoric acid – natural serpentine with an admixture of magnesite and brucite. The samples were hardened according to the regime: pre-soaking (55 °C, 40 minutes), which ensures the preservation of the viscous-plastic state of the composition during the carbon dioxide evolution, followed by isothermal aging (80 °C, 24 hours). Strength increases with raising the amount of reacted serpentine and decreases with raising the volume of the released gas. The presence of trisubstituted magnesium phosphate, responsible for the strength, was established. In the solidified system, amorphous silica and unreacted serpentine, brucite and magnesite were found. The strength can be controlled by changing the specific surface of serpentine and the ratio between orthophosphoric acid and serpentine. It is possible to obtain a stone with strength of up to 40 MPa on the basis of serpentine and orthophosphoric acid after 1 day of hardening, with a specific surface of serpentine 4000 cm2/g and an amount of orthophosphoric acid of 25 % of the mass of serpentine.
Improvement of fire protection of wood board and textile materials for premises with a massive stay of people
Authors: Vachnina T N , Susoeva I V , Titunin A A
Published: November 2020

In premises with a massive stay of people according to the standards, materials with reduced combustibility should be used. Cellulose containing materials are fire hazardous. The article presents the results of a study of indicators of materials with combustion retardants for rooms with people staying – textile fabrics, chipboards. The effect of flame retardant additives on the weight loss of samples of wood boards under fire exposure was studied. The influence of the type and duration of impregnation to reduce the combustibility and drying temperature of the impregnated textile materials on the time of their flame burning is investigated.
The Structure and Properties of Hardened Cement Paste with Modifiers
Authors: Trofimov B Ya , Mahmudov A M
Published: November 2020

Currently, the durability of concrete is normalized by indirect indicators-the quality of the materials used, reinforcement and additives, the properties of the concrete mixture and its degree of compaction when molding reinforced concrete structures, the duration and parameters of concrete care. Regulatory documents, depending on the operating environment, regulate the maximum allowable value of W/C, the minimum allowable consumption of cement and the class of concrete for compressive strength. The main structural element of concrete is cement stone, the products of cement hydration provide its adhesive and cohesive properties and form a concrete conglomerate. Low basic calcium hydrosilicates form a cement gel-the densest and most durable component of cement stone. Modification of cement stone with water-reducing additives and microsilicon contributes to the formation of hydrosilicate phases in the form of an uncrystallized gel, a weakly crystallized gel-like C-S-H (I) phase with a ratio of C/S=1,1-1,3, and individual inclusions of calcium hydroxide are observed.