bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the utility of Geometric Morphometrics to analyse prehistoric hand stencils
Authors: Fernández Navarro V. , Godinho R. M. , García Martínez D. , Garate Maidagan D.
Published: March 2024

Hand stencils are a remarkable graphic expression in Prehistoric rock art, dating back to 42 ka BP. Although these stencils provide direct impressions of the artists’ hands, the characterization of their biological profile (i.e., biological sex and age) is very challenging. Previous studies have attempted this analysis with traditional morphometrics (TM), whereas little research has been undertaken using Geometric Morphometrics (GM), a method widely used in other disciplines but only tentatively employed in rock art studies. However, the large variation in relative finger position in archaeological hands poses the question of whether these representations can be examined through GM, or, in contrast, if this creates an unmanageable error in the results. To address this issue, a 2D hand scans sample of 70 living individuals (F = 35; M = 35) has been collected in three standardized positions (n = 210) and digitized with 32 2D conventional landmarks. Results show that the intra-individual distance (mean Procrustes distance between Pos. 1–2 = 0.132; 2–3 = 0.191; 1–3 = 0.292) is larger than the inter-individual distance (mean in 1 = 0.122; 2 = 0.142; 3 = 0.165). Finally, it has been demonstrated that the relative finger positions, as well as the inclusion of all hand parts in the analysis, have an overshadowing effect on other variables potentially involved in the morphometric variability of the hand, such as biological sex.
VirtuousPocketome: a computational tool for screening protein–ligand complexes to identify similar binding sites
Authors: Pallante Lorenzo , Cannariato Marco , Androutsos Lampros , Zizzi Eric A. , Bompotas Agorakis , Hada Xhesika , Grasso Gianvito , Kalogeras Athanasios , Mavroudi Seferina , Di Benedetto Giacomo , Theofilatos Konstantinos , Deriu Marco A.
Published: March 2024

Protein residues within binding pockets play a critical role in determining the range of ligands that can interact with a protein, influencing its structure and function. Identifying structural similarities in proteins offers valuable insights into their function and activation mechanisms, aiding in predicting protein–ligand interactions, anticipating off-target effects, and facilitating the development of therapeutic agents. Numerous computational methods assessing global or local similarity in protein cavities have emerged, but their utilization is impeded by complexity, impractical automation for amino acid pattern searches, and an inability to evaluate the dynamics of scrutinized protein–ligand systems. Here, we present a general, automatic and unbiased computational pipeline, named VirtuousPocketome, aimed at screening huge databases of proteins for similar binding pockets starting from an interested protein–ligand complex. We demonstrate the pipeline's potential by exploring a recently-solved human bitter taste receptor, i.e. the TAS2R46, complexed with strychnine. We pinpointed 145 proteins sharing similar binding sites compared to the analysed bitter taste receptor and the enrichment analysis highlighted the related biological processes, molecular functions and cellular components. This work represents the foundation for future studies aimed at understanding the effective role of tastants outside the gustatory system: this could pave the way towards the rationalization of the diet as a supplement to standard pharmacological treatments and the design of novel tastants-inspired compounds to target other proteins involved in specific diseases or disorders. The proposed pipeline is publicly accessible, can be applied to any protein–ligand complex, and could be expanded to screen any database of protein structures.
Construction of environmental vibration prediction model for subway transportation based on machine learning algorithm and database technology
Authors: Zhou Xilong
Published: March 2024

Vibrations generated in the metro transport environment are mainly caused by, vibrations generated by the interaction between the metro and the track during operation. and the change of vibration factors will affect the normal operation of the subway. However, it is difficult to have a model that can achieve the characteristics of high accuracy, fast computing speed and wide range of use in the traditional metro rail transportation environment prediction. Therefore, this research uses database theory and machine learning algorithms to predict the vibration of subway transportation environment. The experimental results show that the average difference between the whole prediction value and the real value is 1.4 dB, of which the maximum difference error value is 0.29%, the maximum error difference is 8.2%, and the approximate value is 6.2 dB, and the four averages predicted in 40 m are relatively small as 1.6 dB, and the average error value of prediction ability between 40 and 100 m is 1.72 dB, and the experimental prediction value and real value are in good agreement. The agreement between the experimental prediction and the real value is very good. Therefore, the model is able to predict the vibration model of the subway transportation environment with a high degree of agreement and accuracy.
Uncovering the antifungal activities of wild apple-associated bacteria against two canker-causing fungi, Cytospora mali and C. parasitica
Authors: Bozorov Tohir A. , Toshmatov Zokir O. , Kahar Gulnaz , Muhammad Surayya M. , Liu Xiaojie , Zhang Daoyuan , Aytenov Ilkham S. , Turakulov Khurshid S.
Published: March 2024

Cytospora canker has become a devastating disease of apple species worldwide, and in severe cases, it may cause dieback of entire trees. The aim of this study was to characterize the diversity of cultivable bacteria from the wild apple microbiota and to determine their antifungal ability against the canker-causing pathogenic fungi Cytospora mali and C. parasitica. Five bacterial strains belonging to the species Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, B. atrophaeus, B. methylotrophicus, B. mojavensis, and Pseudomonas synxantha showed strong antagonistic effects against pathogenic fungi. Therefore, since the abovementioned Bacillus species produce known antifungal compounds, we characterized the antifungal compounds produced by Ps. synxantha. Bacteria grown on nutritional liquid medium were dehydrated, and the active compound from the crude extract was isolated and analysed via a range of chromatographic processes. High-performance liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses revealed a bioactive antifungal compound, phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) demonstrated that PCA inhibited mycelial growth, with a MIC of 10 mg mL−1. The results suggested that PCA could be used as a potential compound to control C. mali and C. malicola, and it is a potential alternative for postharvest control of canker disease.
Identification of membrane curvature sensing motifs essential for VPS37A phagophore recruitment and autophagosome closure
Authors: Ye Yansheng , Liang Xinwen , Wang Guifang , Bewley Maria C. , Hamamoto Kouta , Liu Xiaoming , Flanagan John M. , Wang Hong-Gang , Takahashi Yoshinori , Tian Fang
Published: March 2024

VPS37A, an ESCRT-I complex component, is required for recruiting a subset of ESCRT proteins to the phagophore for autophagosome closure. However, the mechanism by which VPS37A is targeted to the phagophore remains obscure. Here, we demonstrate that the VPS37A N-terminal domain exhibits selective interactions with highly curved membranes, mediated by two membrane-interacting motifs within the disordered regions surrounding its Ubiquitin E2 variant-like (UEVL) domain. Site-directed mutations of residues in these motifs disrupt ESCRT-I localization to the phagophore and result in defective phagophore closure and compromised autophagic flux in vivo, highlighting their essential role during autophagy. In conjunction with the UEVL domain, we postulate that these motifs guide a functional assembly of the ESCRT machinery at the highly curved tip of the phagophore for autophagosome closure. These results advance the notion that the distinctive membrane architecture of the cup-shaped phagophore spatially regulates autophagosome biogenesis.
Foundation model for cancer imaging biomarkers
Authors: Pai Suraj , Bontempi Dennis , Hadzic Ibrahim , Prudente Vasco , Sokač Mateo , Chaunzwa Tafadzwa L. , Bernatz Simon , Hosny Ahmed , Mak Raymond H. , Birkbak Nicolai J. , Aerts Hugo J. W. L.
Published: March 2024

Foundation models in deep learning are characterized by a single large-scale model trained on vast amounts of data serving as the foundation for various downstream tasks. Foundation models are generally trained using self-supervised learning and excel in reducing the demand for training samples in downstream applications. This is especially important in medicine, where large labelled datasets are often scarce. Here, we developed a foundation model for cancer imaging biomarker discovery by training a convolutional encoder through self-supervised learning using a comprehensive dataset of 11,467 radiographic lesions. The foundation model was evaluated in distinct and clinically relevant applications of cancer imaging-based biomarkers. We found that it facilitated better and more efficient learning of imaging biomarkers and yielded task-specific models that significantly outperformed conventional supervised and other state-of-the-art pretrained implementations on downstream tasks, especially when training dataset sizes were very limited. Furthermore, the foundation model was more stable to input variations and showed strong associations with underlying biology. Our results demonstrate the tremendous potential of foundation models in discovering new imaging biomarkers that may extend to other clinical use cases and can accelerate the widespread translation of imaging biomarkers into clinical settings.
Ammonium-rich bright areas on Ceres demonstrate complex chemical activity
Authors: De Sanctis Maria Cristina , Ammannito E. , Carrozzo F. G. , Ciarniello M. , De Angelis S. , Ferrari M. , Frigeri A. , Raponi A.
Published: March 2024

The dwarf planet Ceres has been proven to be a world with an extraordinary diversity of chemical species formed in aqueous environments. Dantu crater, being one of the largest and deepest impact craters on Ceres, offers valuable insights into the geological history and composition of this enigmatic world. Its particular position, within a topographic low, can be considered a window into the composition of Ceres’s subsurface. One of the intriguing aspects of Dantu is the presence of several bright areas called “faculae”. These bright materials, distributed unevenly on the Cerean surface, are believed to be residua from salty fluids, likely still circulating in the subsurface and capable to extrude onto the surface, as demonstrated by the identification of fresh hydrohalite (NaCl·2(H2O)) on the bright faculae in another exceptional crate, Occator. The detailed investigation of the Dantu’s faculae reveals the presence of at least two different “populations” of bright materials, compositionally distinct even if in close geographical proximity. These faculae appear different, white and yellow, in the color images (RGB: R = 0.917 μm, G = 0.653 μm, B = 0.438 μm) taken by the Dawn camera. The spectra show that the first population -white- is mainly composed of sodium carbonate, similar to other identified bright areas on Ceres; the second one -yellow- is likely dominated by ammonium-rich components. The spectra of the yellow faculae show specific and clear bands, associated to ammonium bearing phases, but the exact species producing such spectral features are not unambiguously identified. A potential candidate is ammonium bicarbonates, but we cannot exclude other compounds and combinations of different species. Other occurrences of these yellow faculae have been identified in a few other areas, even if less numerous and with a much smaller extent with respect to the Dantu crater. The discovery of a very bright component different from the carbonates and salts previously identified increases the variety and complexity of the salty aqueous solutions on Ceres, offering tantalizing clues about the potential for habitable environments and subsurface fluid reservoirs on this dwarf planet.
MemPrep, a new technology for isolating organellar membranes provides fingerprints of lipid bilayer stress
Authors: Reinhard John , Starke Leonhard , Klose Christian , Haberkant Per , Hammarén Henrik , Stein Frank , Klein Ofir , Berhorst Charlotte , Stumpf Heike , Sáenz James P , Hub Jochen , Schuldiner Maya , Ernst Robert
Published: March 2024

Biological membranes have a stunning ability to adapt their composition in response to physiological stress and metabolic challenges. Little is known how such perturbations affect individual organelles in eukaryotic cells. Pioneering work has provided insights into the subcellular distribution of lipids in the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae, but the composition of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane, which also crucially regulates lipid metabolism and the unfolded protein response, remains insufficiently characterized. Here, we describe a method for purifying organelle membranes from yeast, MemPrep. We demonstrate the purity of our ER membrane preparations by proteomics, and document the general utility of MemPrep by isolating vacuolar membranes. Quantitative lipidomics establishes the lipid composition of the ER and the vacuolar membrane. Our findings provide a baseline for studying membrane protein biogenesis and have important implications for understanding the role of lipids in regulating the unfolded protein response (UPR). The combined preparative and analytical MemPrep approach uncovers dynamic remodeling of ER membranes in stressed cells and establishes distinct molecular fingerprints of lipid bilayer stress.
Advancements in the development of fluorescent chemosensors based on CN bond isomerization/modulation mechanistic approaches
Authors: Tamrakar Arpna , Wani Manzoor Ahmad , Mishra Gargi , Srivastava Ankur , Pandey Rampal , Pandey Mrituanjay D.
Published: March 2024

The CN bond isomerization/modulation as a fluorescence signalling mechanism was explored by studying the photophysical properties of conformationally restricted molecules.
Unravelling the structure of CO2 in silica adsorbents: an NMR and computational perspective
Authors: Sardo Mariana , Morais Tiago , Soares Márcio , Vieira Ricardo , Ilkaeva Marina , Lourenço Mirtha A. O. , Marín-Montesinos Ildefonso , Mafra Luís
Published: March 2024

Recent advancements in the combined use of solid-state NMR-assisted methods and computational modeling strategies are highlighted to unravel gas adsorption mechanisms, and CO2 speciation in porous CO2-adsorbent silica materials at the atomic scale.
Theoretical insight into the doubly antiaromatic carbon allotrope cyclo[16]carbon
Authors: Li Hao , Parida Rakesh , Mukamel Shaul , Lee Jin Yong
Published: March 2024

C16 has a planar structure characterized by alternating long and short bonds with D8h, and its strong antiaromatic characteristic originates from the two perpendicular π systems.
Peanut supplementation affects compositions and functions of gut microbiome in Ugandan children
Authors: Wang Jia-Sheng , Xue Kathy , Li Zilin , Ssempebwa John , Wamuyu-Maina Gakenia , Musinguzi Geofrey , Rhoads Jamie , Hoisington Dave , Tang Lili
Published: March 2024

Childhood malnutrition remains a serious global health concern, particularly in low-income nations like Uganda.
Enhanced aromatics production through Fe and HZSM-5 catalytic lignin pyrolysis with magnetic field assistance
Authors: Yao Qing , Zhao Baofeng , Guan Haibin , Zhu Di , Wulan Bari , Sun Laizhi , Song Angang , Liu Qiaoling , Zhang Anguo , Han Shuyuan , Ji Xiang
Published: March 2024

A magnetic field enhanced the catalytic activity of Fe + HZSM-5, preventing the deactivation of the zeolite and facilitating BTEX production.
Efficient tuning of optoelectronic properties of 1,6- and 1,7-disubstituted perylene diimides: agreement between theory and experiment
Authors: Vinita Vinita , Guin Mridula , Durga Geeta
Published: March 2024

Both the 1,7- and 1,6-regioisomers of PDI may find applications in organic electronics as they exhibit similar yet unique properties, however, the purity of these regioisomers is crucial.
Synthesis of P,P-bidentate caged phosphines via tungsten pentacarbonyl-promoted cycloaddition reactions of 1-alkyl-1,2-diphospholes
Authors: Zagidullin Almaz A. , Ganushevich Yulia S. , Korchagin Denis V. , Lönnecke Peter , Hey-Hawkins Evamarie , Miluykov Vasili A.
Published: March 2024

Utilizing the W(CO)5 group as a promoter and [4+2] cycloaddition reactions, 1-alkyl-1,2-diphospholes were converted to P,P-bidentate phosphines.
Investigation of chain-length selection by the tenellin iterative highly-reducing polyketide synthase
Authors: Schmidt Katharina , Cox Russell J.
Published: March 2024

Engineering the substrate-binding-helix of the keto-reductase domain of TENS controls chain-length selectivity of the products.
Destructive effect of fluctuations on the performance of a Brownian gyrator
Authors: Viot Pascal , Argun Aykut , Volpe Giovanni , Imparato Alberto , Rondoni Lamberto , Oshanin Gleb
Published: March 2024

The Brownian gyrator is often called a minimal model of a nano-engine performing a rotational motion, because in non-equilibrium conditions its torque, specific angular momentum  and specific angular velocity  have non-zero mean values.
Enhancing oncolytic virus efficiency with methionine and N-(3-aminoprolil)methacrylamide modified acrylamide cationic block polymer
Authors: Chen Gong , Yuan Yuan , Li Ying , He Qianyuan , Qin Zizhen , Hu Han , Gao Congcong , Xu Zushun , Xu Qi , Gao Qinglei , Li Fei
Published: March 2024

Schematic illustration of the preparation of NAD/Ad complex and the working mechanism for cancer therapy.
Organic heterojunction charge-transfer chemical sensors
Authors: Courté Marc , Hoff Anderson , Welch Gregory C. , Kaake Loren G.
Published: March 2024

Chemical sensors based on blends of organic semiconductors with molecular sensitizers show exceptional sensitivity to amines by leveraging a charge transfer reaction.
Practical potential of suspension electrodes for enhanced limiting currents in electrochemical CO2 reduction
Authors: Ligthart Nathalie E. G. , Prats Vergel Gerard , Padding Johan T. , Vermaas David A.
Published: March 2024

Poor mass transfer in aqueous electrochemical CO2 reduction limits the achievable current density toward desired products. We introduce flowable suspension electrodes to spread the current over a larger volume and alleviate mass transfer limitations.
High performance and recyclable Ag/ZnO/PM substrate for the detection of organic pollutants
Authors: Shao Yixin , Cai Hongxin , Yan Lingling , Yu Hang , Hu Qiang , Chen Liang , Zong Haitao , Hou Xiufang
Published: March 2024

A sensitive and recyclable substrate was fabricated through in situ reduction of silver nanoparticles on zinc oxide nanorods.
Is azulene's local aromaticity and relative stability driven by the Glidewell–Lloyd rule?
Authors: Báez-Grez Rodrigo , Rios Ricardo Pino
Published: March 2024

The aromaticity pattern of azulene has been reexamined through the magnetic and delocalization criteria, and the results indicate that the aromaticity of azulene is governed by the Glidewell–Lloyd rule.
Voltage-induced modulation of the magnetic exchange in binuclear Fe(iii) complex deposited on Au(111) surface
Authors: Montenegro-Pohlhammer Nicolás , Cárdenas-Jirón Gloria , Calzado Carmen J.
Published: March 2024

We performed the first computational study focused on the deposition of a magnetically coupled binuclear complex over a metallic surface.
Visible light catalyzed arylsilylation of alkenes to construct silicon-containing 1,1-diaryl moieties
Authors: Cao Jia , Gao Liuzhou , Wang Guoqiang , Li Shuhua
Published: March 2024

We have developed an efficient photocatalyzed arylsilylation of alkenes, utilizing silylboranes and (hetero)aryl nitriles in the presence of base and photocatalyst.
Silane diamine copolymers: efficient synthesis, solvent absorption capacity, and limitations as coatings
Authors: Nguyen Thao T. , Sharma Anuja , Nguyen Tam Le Phuong , Trimble Michael A. , Seo Dong-Kyun , Trovitch Ryan J.
Published: March 2024

Turnover frequencies of up to 300 s−1 have been achieved for the Mn-based dehydrocoupling of silanes and diamines to yield crosslinked networks that absorb organic solvents and afford coatings.
Development of a Chelex-100 based three-step chromatographic procedure for nickel isotope analysis in geological samples
Authors: Yang Tao , Yu Huiyang , Zhu Zhiyong , Ding Rui , Wang Jin , Zhu Bi
Published: March 2024

User-friendly chromatographic procedures using Chelex-100 achieve high recovery and minimize procedural blanks in nickel isotope analysis.
Synthesis of diverse stable MOFs and their electro catalytic capabilities towards desulfurization, water splitting and various nitrophenol reduction reactions
Authors: Mahendran Manivannan , Mariappan Yazhmozhi , Thamizhselvan Rahul , Vembu Suryanarayanan
Published: March 2024

Metal–organic frameworks are a novel class of crystalline porous materials with enormous application potential, consisting of metal nodes and organic linkers.
Discovery of novel SOS1 inhibitors using machine learning
Authors: Duo Lihui , Chen Yi , Liu Qiupei , Ma Zhangyi , Farjudian Amin , Ho Wan Yong , Low Sze Shin , Ren Jianfeng , Hirst Jonathan D. , Xie Hua , Tang Bencan
Published: March 2024

Machine learning enabled ligand-based virtual screening is a valuable tool in discovering effective SOS1 inhibitors.
A dual strategy of Na+/vacancy disorder and high Na to construct a P2-type cathode for high-stability sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Geng Lei , Wu Lan , Tan Hongjie , Wang Meng , Liu Zhe , Mou Lianshan , Shang Yongjian , Yan De , Peng Shanglong
Published: March 2024

Experimental steps of the agar sol–gel method and the schematic structure of the cathode material.
Heme-substituted protein assembly bridged by synthetic porphyrin: achieving controlled configuration while maintaining rotational freedom
Authors: Inaba Hiroaki , Shisaka Yuma , Ariyasu Shinya , Sakakibara Erika , Ueda Garyo , Aiba Yuichiro , Shimizu Nobutaka , Sugimoto Hiroshi , Shoji Osami
Published: March 2024

Construction of a bevel-gear-like protein assembly using a synthetic porphyrin with defined flexibility.
Irreversible colorimetric bio-based curcumin bilayer membranes for smart food packaging temperature control applications
Authors: Pereira Ariane , Marques Maria A. , Alves Joaquim , Morais Maria , Figueira Joana , V. Pinto Joana , Moreira Felismina T. C.
Published: March 2024

Research into innovative food safety technologies has led to the development of smart packaging with embedded chemical sensors that can monitor food quality throughout the supply chain.
A highly durable catalyst system for hydrogen production from dimethyl ether
Authors: Stöber Robert , Seidl Franziska , Hoffmann Emanuel , Wasserscheid Peter , Schühle Patrick
Published: March 2024

This paper describes a highly stable and selective catalyst mixture of γ-Al2O3 and In2O3/ZrO2 for hydrogen production from dimethyl ether.
Active site exploration of core–corona structured bifunctional cobalt ferrite-containing nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes for rechargeable zinc–air battery application
Authors: Baskaran Shankar , Nazer E. A. Anook , Muthukrishnan Azhagumuthu
Published: March 2024

Synthesis of core–corona structured porous carbon materials from CoFe2O4 and ZIF-8 precursor and its application as air electrode in zinc–air batteries.
Steering droplets on substrates with plane-wave wettability patterns and deformations
Authors: Grawitter Josua , Stark Holger
Published: March 2024

Motivated by strategies for targeted microfluidic transport of droplets, we investigate how sessile droplets can be steered toward a preferred direction using travelling waves in substrate wettability or deformations of the substrate.
Molecular conformation: a key factor underlying the performances of heterojunction photocatalysts
Authors: Liang Wanyu , Jiang Ruyue , Tian Xiao , Zhang Hantang , Zhang Bowen , Lu Xiuqiang , Liu Jie , Jiang Lang , Hou Shifeng , Ai Shiyun
Published: March 2024

Besides energy level alignment, molecular conformation is demonstrated to be equally important to the photocatalytic performances of organic heterojunctions.
Reliability and Feasibility of Administering a Child Language Assessment via Telehealth
Authors: Campbell Deborah R. , Lawrence Jennella E. , Goldstein Howard
Published: March 2024

Purpose:

Despite the speed with which telehealth use advanced during the COVID-19 pandemic, evidence is needed to support the remote delivery of standardized assessments. This study investigated the reliability and feasibility of administering a standardized language assessment administered in real-world telehealth scenarios compared to in-person administration.

Method:

A total of 100 children between the ages of 3 and 12 years were administered one of three versions of the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals (CELF). Children were administered the CELF by the same licensed speech-language pathologists (SLPs) in person and using telehealth, with the order counterbalanced. Means for Core Language standard scores were compared between conditions and among devices. Descriptive statistics summarized the behavior and technology disruptions during administration as well as the results of parent and SLP telehealth perception surveys.

Results:

In-person and telehealth mean scores on all three versions of the CELF revealed no systematic differences of one condition under- or overestimating another. The incidence of child behavior disruptions was similar for both test administration conditions. Adaptations compensated for the rare technology disruptions. Despite no significant language score and behavior differences between testing conditions, parents reported they continued to prefer in-person assessments. SLP participants viewed telehealth overall positively but identified conditions in which they continued to prefer in-person delivery.

Conclusions:

This study provides evidence of minimal or no differences in scores and behavioral or technological disruptions between remote and in-person administration of the CELF core language assessments. SLP and parent participants' attitudes toward remote delivery of standardized tests appear to be evolving in a positive direction compared to previous studies.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.25292752
3sG: Three‐stage guidance for indoor human action recognition
Authors: Nan Hai , Ye Qilang , Yu Zitong , An Kang
Published: March 2024

Inference using skeleton to steer RGB videos is applicable to fine‐grained activities in indoor human action recognition (IHAR). However, existing methods that explore only spatial alignment are prone to bias, resulting in limited performance. The authors propose a Three‐stage Guidance (3sG) framework, leveraging skeleton knowledge to promote RGB in three stages. First, a soft shading image is proposed for alleviating background noise in videos, allowing the network to directly focus more on the motion region. Second, the authors propose to extract RGB frames of interest to reduce the computational effort. Furthermore, to explore more fully the complementary information between skeletons and RGB, the skeleton is coupled to the frame representation in a different spatial–temporal sharing pattern. Third, the global skeleton and skeleton‐guided RGB features are fed into the shared classifiers, which approximate the logit distributions of the two to enhance the performance in RGB unimodal. Finally, a fusion strategy that utilizes two learnable parameters to adaptively integrate the skeleton with the RGB is proposed. 3sG outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art results on the Toyota Smarthome dataset while it is more efficient than similar methods on the NTU RGB+D dataset.
X-ray-inferred kinematics of the core intracluster medium in Perseus-like clusters: Insights from the TNG-Cluster simulation
Authors: Truong Nhut , Pillepich Annalisa , Nelson Dylan , Zhuravleva Irina , Lee Wonki , Ayromlou Mohammadreza , Lehle Katrin
Published: March 2024

The intracluster medium (ICM) of galaxy clusters encodes the impact of the physical processes that shape these massive halos, including feedback from central supermassive black holes (SMBHs). In this study, we examine the gas thermodynamics, kinematics, and the effects of SMBH feedback on the core of Perseus-like galaxy clusters with a new simulation suite: TNG-Cluster. We first make a selection of simulated clusters similar to Perseus based on the total mass and inner ICM properties, such as their cool-core nature. We identify 30 Perseus-like systems among the 352 TNG-Cluster halos atz = 0. Many exhibit thermodynamical profiles and X-ray morphologies with disturbed features such as ripples, bubbles, and shock fronts that are qualitatively similar to X-ray observations of Perseus. To study observable gas motions, we generate XRISM mock X-ray observations and conduct a spectral analysis of the synthetic data. In agreement with existing Hitomi measurements, TNG-Cluster predicts subsonic gas turbulence in the central regions of Perseus-like clusters, with a typical line-of-sight velocity dispersion of 200 km s−1. This implies that turbulent pressure contributes < 10% to the dominant thermal pressure. In TNG-Cluster, such low (inferred) values of ICM velocity dispersion coexist with high-velocity outflows and bulk motions of relatively small amounts of super-virial hot gas, moving up to thousands of km s−1. However, detecting these outflows in observations may prove challenging due to their anisotropic nature and projection effects. Driven by SMBH feedback, such outflows are responsible for many morphological disturbances in the X-ray maps of cluster cores. They also increase both the inferred and intrinsic ICM velocity dispersion. This effect is somewhat stronger when velocity dispersion is measured from higher-energy lines.
Discovery of an extended horizontal branch in the Large Magellanic Cloud globular cluster NGC 1835
Authors: Giusti Camilla , Cadelano Mario , Ferraro Francesco R. , Lanzoni Barbara , Pallanca Cristina , Salaris Maurizio , Dalessandro Emanuele , Vesperini Enrico , Mucciarelli Alessio
Published: March 2024

We present a high-angular-resolution multi-wavelength study of the massive globular cluster NGC 1835 in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Thanks to a combination of optical and near-ultraviolet images acquired with the WFC3 on board the HST, we performed a detailed inspection of the stellar population in this stellar system, adopting a ‘UV-guided search’ to optimize the detection of relatively hot stars. This allowed us to discover a remarkably extended horizontal branch (HB): it spans more than 4.5 mag in both the optical and the near-ultraviolet bands, and its colour (temperature) ranges from the region redder than the instability strip up to effective temperatures of 30 000 K. This is the first time that such a feature has been detected in an extragalactic cluster, demonstrating that the physical conditions responsible for the formation of extended HBs are ubiquitous. The HB of NGC 1835 includes a remarkably large population of RR Lyrae (67 confirmed variables and 52 new candidates). The acquired dataset was also used to redetermine the cluster distance modulus, reddening, and absolute age: (m − M)0 = 18.58, E(B − V) = 0.08, and t = 12.5 Gyr.
Atmospheric entry and fragmentation of the small asteroid 2024 BX1: Bolide trajectory, orbit, dynamics, light curve, and spectrum
Authors: Spurný P. , Borovička J. , Shrbený L. , Hankey M. , Neubert R.
Published: March 2024

Asteroid 2024 BX1 was the eighth asteroid that was discovered shortly before colliding with the Earth. The associated bolide was recorded by dedicated instruments of the European Fireball Network and the AllSky7 network on 2024 January 21 at 0:32:38–44 UT. We report a comprehensive analysis of this instrumentally observed meteorite fall, which occurred as predicted west of Berlin, Germany. The atmospheric trajectory was quite steep, with an average slope to the Earth’s surface of 75°.6. The entry speed was 15.20 km s−1. The heliocentric orbit calculated from the bolide data agrees very well with the asteroid data. However, the bolide was fainter than expected for a reportedly meter-sized asteroid. The absolute magnitude reached −14.4, and the entry mass was estimated to be 140 kg. The recorded bolide spectrum was low in iron, based on which, the meteorite was expected to be rich in enstatite. The recovered meteorites, called Ribbeck, were classified as aubrites. The high albedo of enstatite (E-type) asteroids can explain the size discrepancy. The asteroid was likely smaller than 0.5 meter and should rather be called a meteoroid. During the atmospheric entry, the meteoroid severely fragmented into much smaller pieces already at a height of 55 km under an aerodynamic pressure of 0.12 MPa. The primary fragments then broke up again, most frequently at heights 39−29 km (0.9–2.2 MPa). Numerous small meteorites and up to four stones larger than 100 g were expected to land. Within a few days of publication of the location of the strewn field, dozens of meteorites were found in the area we had predicted.
Relaxation and optimal finiteness domain for degenerate quadratic functionals. One-dimensional case
Authors: De Cicco Virginia , Cassano Francesco Serra
Published: March 2024

The aim of this paper is the study, in the one-dimensional case, of the relaxation of a quadratic functional admitting a very degenerate weight w, which may not satisfy both the doubling condition and the classical Poincaré inequality. The main result deals with the relaxation on the greatest ambient space L0(Ω) of measurable functions endowed with the topology of convergence in measure w dx. Here w is an auxiliary weight fitting the degenerations of the original weight w. Also the relaxation w.r.t. the L2(Ω, w˜)-convergence is studied. The crucial tool of the proof is a Poincaré type inequality, involving the weights w and w, on the greatest finiteness domain Dw of the relaxed functionals.
Problem with gradual absorption in MSD/MSC calculations
Authors: Herman Michal , Kawano Toshihiko
Published: March 2024

Replacing classical exciton model with the better founded Multistep Direct (MSD) and Multistep Compound (MSC) mechanisms has been impeded by incapability of the latter models to describe central part of the neutron emission spectra at incident neutron energies of about 14 MeV and above. We have ascribed this deficiency to the decrease of absorption to the MSC mechanism resulting from the concept of gradual absorption. We were able to obtain very good reproduction of experimentally measured neutron spectra using MSD/MSC calculations when this option was turned off. Such treatment is, however, at odds with the fundamental distinction between MSD and MSC mechanisms that should proceed through the chain of open (P-space) and closed (Q-space) configurations respectively. By blocking gradual absorption we allow the first stage of MSC to be fully populated from the incident channel that at higher incident energies is impossible. We discuss various attempts of addressing the problem that, so far, remains open. In addition, we present an evidence for much tighter spin distribution of particle-hole states than normally assumed.
A multichannel algebraic scattering approach to astrophysical reactions
Authors: Fraser Paul , Amos Ken , Bertulani Carlos , Canton Luciano , Karataglidis Steven , Moss Robert , Murulane Khuliso
Published: March 2024

The investigation of many astrophysical processes is dependent upon an understanding of nuclear reaction rates. However, nuclear capture reactions of astrophysical interest occur at extremely low energies, taking place at the Gamow energy within the stellar environment. Hence, they are hard to study experimentally due to Coulomb repulsion. They may also involve compound resonances stemming from a delicate interplay of many quantum states in the colliding bodies. The multi-channel algebraic scattering (MCAS) method is one that addresses both of these challenges; it has a history of successfully modelling narrow compound resonance structures, incorporating as many channels as are important for a given problem, but is also proven in recreating the lowenergy, non-resonant elastic scattering cross sections needed for these astrophysics problems. We provide an overview of MCAS’ techniques of modelling elastic scattering reactions, how these may be extended to capture reactions, and current work in this area.
Due consideration of the breakup and direct reaction mechanisms within (d, p), (d, 2p), (d, xn2p), and (d, xn) reactions
Authors: Avrigeanu Marilena , Avrigeanu Vlad
Published: March 2024

Suitable account of available excitation-function of deuterons interaction with target nuclei components of candidates materials for the ITER fusion reactor, the European DEMO fusion reactor, and the IFMIF-DONES Irradiation Facility has been proved by consistent analysis of the reaction mechanisms involved in the complex deuteron-nucleus interaction. In this work the attention has been focused on the analysis of the deuteron activation cross sections related to the gas accumulation, (d, p), (d, 2p), (d, xn2p), and to the strong neutron emission, (d, xn), interaction processes of interest for the radiation damage and shielding design studies devoted to the structural materials selection. The key role of direct interactions, i.e., breakup, stripping and pick-up processes is stressed out by the comparison of data with theoretical and evaluation predictions.
A new experiment on 19F(p, α)16O reaction at low energies and the spectroscopy of 20Ne at large excitation energies
Authors: Redigolo Luigi , Lombardo Ivano , Dell’Aquila Daniele
Published: March 2024

In these proceedings, we present new data for the p + 19F reaction, obtained for the 19F(p, α0)16Ogs and 19F(p, απ)16O6.05 channels. The experiment was performed at the Singletron accelerator in Catania, with proton beam energies in the 1.1-1.3 and 1.6-1.7 MeV energy regions. This allowed us to provide new data for the απ channel around 1.3 MeV projectile energy and to shed light on the ambiguities existing between previous data sets in the absolute value and in the peak shape of a particular resonance, in the α0 channel, at around 1.6 MeV projectile energy.
Reversible Computations of One-Way Counter Automata
Authors: Kutrib Martin , Malcher Andreas
Published: March 2024

Deterministic one-way time-bounded multi-counter automata are studied with respect to their ability to perform reversible computations, which means that the automata are also backward deterministic and, thus, are able to uniquely step the computation back and forth. We study the computational capacity of such devices and obtain separation results between irreversible and reversiblek-counter automata for polynomial and superpolynomial time. For polynomial time and exponential time we obtain moreover infinite and tight hierarchies with respect to the number of counters. These hierarchies are shown with Kolmogorov complexity and incompressibility arguments. In this way, on passing we can prove these hierarchies also for ordinary counter automata. This improves the known hierarchies for ordinary counter automata in the sense that we consider here a weaker acceptance condition. Then, it turns out thatk+1 reversible counters are not better thankordinary counters and vice versa. Finally, almost all usually studied decidability questions turn out to be undecidable and not even semidecidable for reversible multi-counter automata, if at least two counters are provided. In case of reversible one-counter automata, it is possible to show that the inclusion problem is also not even semidecidable.
Optimized Schwarz waveform relaxation method for the incompressible Stokes problem
Authors: Bui Duc-Quang , Japhet Caroline , Omnes Pascal
Published: March 2024

We propose and analyse the optimized Schwarz waveform relaxation (OSWR) method for the unsteady incompressible Stokes equations. Well-posedness of the local subdomain problems with Robin boundary conditions is proved. Convergence of the velocity is shown through energy estimates; however, pressure converges only up to constant values in the subdomains, and an astute correction technique is proposed to recover these constants from the velocity. The convergence factor of the OSWR algorithm is obtained through a Fourier analysis, and allows to efficiently optimize the space-time Robin transmission conditions involved in the OSWR method. Then, numerical illustrations for the two-dimensional unsteady incompressible Stokes system are presented to illustrate the performance of the OSWR algorithm.
Implication des patients dans l’évaluation multisource : élaboration et évaluation d’un outil de rétroaction destiné aux résidents en médecine familiale
Authors: Dallé Lysiane , Gosselin Isabelle
Published: March 2024

Contexte : Le comité de compétences du programme de résidence de médecine familiale de l’Université de Montréal planifie l’introduction des patients dans l’évaluation multisource. Plusieurs études ont mis en lumière la valeur pédagogique de cette évaluation, mais les étudiants impliqués ont soulevé plusieurs enjeux liés à la rétroaction obtenue par les patients. Aucune étude ne s’est encore penchée sur la perspective des résidents en médecine familiale. Buts : Examiner les enjeux identifiés par nos résidents en médecine familiale face à l’utilisation d’une fiche de rétroaction conçue pour impliquer les patients dans l’évaluation multisource. Méthodes : Une fiche de rétroaction pour les patients a été testée durant trois mois par 13 résidents de médecine familiale dans trois cliniques du réseau de l’Université de Montréal. Nous avons ensuite tenu des groupes de discussion focalisée et avons procédé à une analyse thématique descriptive. Résultats : Un total de 30 patients ont rempli notre fiche de rétroaction (taux de réponse de 26 %). Les résidents ont jugé la rétroaction des patients pertinente. Les principaux risques soulevés étaient l’utilisation de l’évaluation à des fins de sanction et l’impact sur le lien thérapeutique. La principale barrière identifiée était la difficulté à recruter des patients. Une liste de 13 solutions a été proposée pour l’introduction des patients dans l’évaluation multisource. Conclusion : Les résultats permettront de peaufiner la fiche de rétroaction et faciliter son intégration dans le programme de résidence. La participation des patients à la formation des médecins de famille pourrait leur offrir une opportunité concrète d’améliorer la qualité des soins.
Reform of College English Vocabulary Teaching with the” Vocabulary Handout” as the Core from the Perspective of the Levels of Processing Theory
Authors: Shen Hao
Published: March 2024

Under the theoretical framework of Levels of Processing, this study designs and implements a university English vocabulary teaching model with the “Vocabulary Handout” at its core. This innovative vocabulary teaching model is driven by two testing sessions, selects vocabulary based on students’ recent learning needs, and applies the Levels of Processing Theory to conduct shallow processing, deep processing, and elaborative processing on target words. The scientific design and implementation of university English vocabulary instruction have positively influenced the teaching and learning of vocabulary in the university context.
Research on the Construction of Cultural Parks in the Jing-Jin-Ji Region Based on Foreign Models: A Study on the Development of Ice and Snow Tourism Routes
Authors: Wang Jingyi , Wang Yueyu , Xiang Jie , Liu Kejin
Published: March 2024

National cultural park is an innovative initiative for the protection and development of natural and cultural heritage resources in the new era, reflecting the core strategy of cultural heritage protection and development of representative cultural resources. It is not only an important carrier for the protection of natural and cultural heritage, but also a new model for promoting the development of cultural industry. Based on their own national conditions and experiences, countries have developed distinctive national park management models, including the native recreation value orientation of the United States, the sustainable club economy of Europe, the public supremacy of private ownership of land in the United Kingdom, and the synergistic community-neighborhood development of developing countries in Asia and Africa. In view of the heritage resources brought by the Beijing Winter Olympics, this study explores the idea of ice and snow tourism routes centered on Beijing, Yanqing and Zhangjiakou, and proposes the principles of sustainable development, mutual benefit and symbiosis, and public supremacy, which is committed to constructing a development model integrating culture, tourism and ecology.
Gender Disparities in Self-Presentation on WeChat Moments
Authors: Zhang Xinyuan
Published: March 2024

This study delved into the relationship between gender and self presentation in WeChat Moments, and analyzed gender patterns and differences through questionnaire data. Using Erving Goffman’s drama theory, self presentation in WeChat Moments is viewed as an online performance, in which users play their own roles and carefully manage their online image. WeChat Moments serve as an inclusive space where users of all genders can express themselves and participate in social networks. Research has found that regardless of gender, both male and female users actively participate in posting behavior on WeChat Moments. Although male posting frequency is slightly higher, this difference is not statistically significant. The survey also found that gender has no significant impact on the composition of personal social networks and unique content creation in WeChat Moments. This study provides important insights into the role of gender in social media usage and self presentation, enriching our understanding of digital social platforms.
Analyzing Kylie Cosmetics’ Marketing Strategies and Charting its Future Path
Authors: Feng Chutong
Published: March 2024

This investigation derives into evaluating the current marketing strategies of Kylie Cosmetic, one of the well-known celebrities originated cosmetic brands started in 2015 and now values over 1.7 billion US dollars. The brand first specialized in selling lipsticks and progressively developed other cosmetic products for expansion. The performances of Kylie Cosmetic are intimately associated with Kylie Jenner, a reality star with over hundred million followers on social media, and its effective use of social media marketing as the main channel of communication. However, Kylie Cosmetics has been gradually outcompeted by its competitors with declining sales while competitors doubled in years. This situation is more noticeable in recent years as the taste and preferences rapidly change in the cosmetic market. This research will explore opportunities and areas for improvement for Kylie Cosmetic to remain competitive in the highly intense cosmetic market by comparing the brand to its several top competitors, especially Fenty Beauty, a cosmetic brand that is highly similar to Kylie Cosmetic.