bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of Physico-Chemical Parameter of Soil Analysis in Buldana District
Authors: Wagh P. B.  , Deshpande A. D.  , Ingle S. R.
Published: January 2022

Soil is the system which supplies plant with available nutrients through the root. Physical and Chemical analysis of the soil are carried out to indicate the efficiency of soil for supplying plants with nutrients in available forms as well as identification of the factors affecting this efficiency in the soil. Therefore, besides perfect sampling in the field, soil samples must be properly prepared and analyzed in order to reach the correct evaluation of the soil nutritional status. Soil is the mixture of minerals, organic matter, gases and countless organisms that together support plant life. Soil is considered to be the "skin of the earth" with interfaces between the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere of Earth, and biosphere. Soil consists of a solid phase (minerals and organic matter) as well as a porous phase that holds gases and water. Accordingly, soils are often treated as a three-state system Soil is the end product of the influence of the climate, relief (elevation, orientation, and slope of terrain), organisms, and parent materials (original minerals) interacting over time. Soil continually undergoes development by way of numerous physical, chemical and biological processes, which include weathering with associated erosion. Most soils have a density between 1 and 2 gram per cubic centimeter.
Privileged Scaffold Chalcone: Synthesis, Characterization and Its Molecular Interactions with Addition of 3-phenyl-1- (3,4-dibromophenyl) prop-2-en-1-one in Mixed Solvents at Various Temperatures
Authors: Balaji A. Gop  , Sitaram K. Chavan
Published: January 2022

3-phenyl-1- (3,4-dibromophenyl) prop-2-en-1-one have been synthesized and characterized by M.P., Infrared spectroscopy, Thin Layer Chromatography, and H1 NMR and GCMS data. The ultrasonic velocity and refractive indices of mixed solvents 0-100% (by wt.) of 3-phenyl-1- (3,4-dibromophenyl) prop-2-en-1-one have been measured at three different temperatures 298, 303, and 308K. The experimental data obtained was used to calculate various parameters such as Molar volume (Vm), Free volume (Vf) , Acoustical impedance (Z), intermolecular free path length(Lf), adiabatic compressibility(), Rao’s molar sound velocity (Rm), Relative association (Ra) Molar refraction (Rm), Specific refraction (r) and Polarisability constant(a). These parameters are interpreted in terms of solute- solute and solute- solvent interaction and its effect on mixed solvent systems..
Systematic Studies of Phase Relation and Thermodynamic Stability of Ln-Rh-O System for Catalysis and Electrochemical Devices
Authors: Preeti Gupta  , Vinita
Published: January 2022

Ln-Rh-O systems show potential interest in different catalytic applications. Phase diagram of these systems revealed that only LnRhO3, an orthorhombic perovskite structure, has been found as stable ternary oxide. Employed solid-state electrochemical cell to determine the thermodynamic parameters of LnRhO3 compounds from their binary oxides Rh2O3 and Ln2O3. Calcia stabilized and yttria stabilized zirconia has been used as solid electrolytes in these cells. Ternary phase relation for Ln-Rh-O systems is established using isothermal equilibration technique. Phase diagram of few Ln-Rh-O systems are computed with the help of supplementary data for other binary phases (Ln-Rh) from the literature and thermodynamic data for LnRhO3 from experiment at high temperature. At 298.15 K, 〖∆H〗_f^0and S^0for LnRhO3are calculated from its constituting elements. Thermodynamic data has been used to compute an oxygen potential ‒ composition and three-dimensional chemical potential diagram for the system Ln-Rh-O.
Kinetic and Mechanistic study of Oxidative Transformation of Mandelic acid by Pyridiniumdichromate in DMF-Water Medium
Authors: Niharika Vyas  , Y. K. Mishra  , B. K. Dangarh
Published: January 2022

Oxidation of mandelic acid by Pyridinium dichromate was studied in the presence of perchloric acid in DMF-H2O medium at 40 ºC. The kinetics of the reaction was followed spectrophotometrically at λ max = 355 nm. The reaction is unit dependence on each of PDC, [H+] and [substrate]. Michaelis-Menten type kinetics was observed. The reactions were studied at different temperature [30, 35, 40, 45, 50 ºC] and activation parameters were computed.
Application of N-tert-butyl Isocyanodichloride in the Synthesis of New Derivatives of 1,3,4-Thiadiazolidines
Authors: Dr. N. A. Rashidi
Published: January 2022

N-tert-butyl isocyanodichlorides is one of the important reagents in the synthesis of nitrogen containing acyclic and heterocyclic compounds. N-tert-butyl isocyanodichlorides undergo nucleophilic substitution reactions involving the displacement of both the chlorine atoms and can be potentially useful in the synthesis of various different 5, 6 and 7 membered acyclic and heterocyclic compounds. Synthetic chemistry of N-aryl and alkyl isocyanodichloride with special reference to their utility as intermediates in the synthesis of nitrogen containing 5- membered heterocyclic compounds is explored here. The condensation reaction of N-tert-butyl isocyanodichloride with different substituted N-aryl thiosemicarbazide resulted in the synthesis of various different substituted 1,3,4-thiadiazolidine. In the present work attempts have been made to use N-tert-butyl isocyanodichloride in the synthesis of 5-membered heterocyclic compounds 1,3,4-thiadiazolidines namely 2-N-t-butylimino-3-γ-picolinoyl-5-p-arylimino-1,3,4-thadiazoles (IVa) and 2-arylimino-5-t-butylimino-1,3,4-thiadiazolidine (IVA) with different substituent and some by incorporating isoniazide in it’s structure in view of having more promising pharmacological and pathological activities. The structures of the synthesized compounds were established on the basis of chemical properties, IR and NMR spectral data. These compounds are expected to possess biological activities.
Hydrobiological Studies and Zooplankton Diversity of Sagar Talao District Bhandara Maharashtra
Authors: V. M. Mahajan  , S. W. Dafare  , P. P. Thakur
Published: January 2022

Air, water, land, flora and fauna are the natural resources of any ecosystem. Water is very important for existence of life. It is the medium, which gave birth to first primitive living molecules,as the living organisms found in water are reliable indicators of water quality. The distribution and diversity of zooplankton in aquatic ecosystem depends mainly on the physic-chemical properties of water. For the study of water quality, the limnological observation is needed. Most of the organisms are being extensively used as indicators of water pollution. The biological indicators provide a direct clue and quick information of the aquatic systems. In present study, the zooplankton of the Sagar Talao was studied for a period of one year with its physico chemical factors. In present study total of 09 species of zooplanktons belonging to Rotifera, Ostracoda Cladocera, Copepoda, were present..
Synthesis and Study of Thermal Degradation Process of 2,4-Dihydroxyacetophenone-Guanidine-Formaldehyde Copolymer
Authors: Preeti Mishra  , W. B. Gurnule  , D. M. Chafle
Published: January 2022

The resin DAPGF-III, in a molar ratio of 3: 1: 5 was made by heating in the presence of 2M hydrochloric acid for 5h by polycondensation of Guanidine hydrochloride and 2,4-Dihydroxyacetophenone in the presence of formaldehyde. The preliminary structure of the copolymer was evaluated by spectral methods such as elemental analysis, 1H-NMR, FTIR and UV-Visible techniques. The molecular weight of the copolymer was determined by non-aqueous conductivity titration performed by using alcoholic KOH. TGA analysis of the synthesized copolymer is carried out by non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis, where the sample is exposed to continuous temperature rise at a heating rate of 20°C / min in an air atmosphere and is used to study the rate, decomposition and thermal stability analysis of newly synthesized copolymer at which it was executed. Thermal parameters such as apparent entropy (ΔS), frequency factor (A), change in free energy (ΔG), and rate of reaction were determined according to the methods of Freeman Carroll (FC) and Sharp Wentworth (SW). The activation energy measured by the FC method was confirmed by the SW method.
Potential of Titanium Dioxide and its Application
Authors: R. R. Dubey  , W. B. Gurnule
Published: January 2022

Now a day’s metal and metal Oxides including titanium dioxide have been widely studied, due to their importance in recent medical therapies, catalysis, photocatalysis, antibacterial agent and also as nano paints. It is an inorganic compound with attractive physical and chemical characteristics based on the size, crystal phase and shape of particle. Utilization of titanium dioxide is natural amicable because of some electrical, optical and morphological properties,TiO2 nanoparticles were concentrated as photosensitizing specialist in the treatment of harmful growth just as in photodynamic inactivation of anti-microbial opposition microscopic organisms. TiO2 is also used to mineralized organic compound such as alcohol, carboxylic acid, phenolic derivatives using oxygen as primary oxidant.TiO2 has been also used as bleaching, opacifying agent and as U.V protector in cosmetics, paints and enamel.
Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Studies of a Copolymer and Its Composite
Authors: Yashpal Rathod  , Shyam Dafare  , Wasudeo Gurnule
Published: January 2022

8-hydroxyquinoline5-sulphonic acid and anthranilic acid with formaldehyde were used to prepare the new composite. Various characterisation techniques, such as elemental analysis, FTIR, UV–Visible, NMR (13C and 1H), and SEM, were used to examine the structure and characteristics of the copolymer and copolymer/carbon composite. Antimicrobial analysis was also used to look into the copolymers and composites. The disc diffusion method have been used to study the antimicrobial analysis. The copolymer and its composites possess antimicrobial activity for certain bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and fungi Aspergillusniger and Candida albicans. The surface morphology of the copolymer and its composites was established by SEM.
Synthesis and Characterization of Copolymer Derived from 2-Amino 6-Nitrobenzothiazole, Biuret and Formaldehyde and Their study as Ion Exchange Resin for Toxic Cationic Elements
Authors: Rahul K. Mohurle  , Wasudeo B. Gurnule  , Yashpal U. Rathod  , Ajay M. Ghatole
Published: January 2022

The condensation of 2-amino 6-nitrobenzothiazole and biuret with formaldehyde at molar ratios of 1:1:2 of the reacting monomers within the sight HCl as a catalyst yielded a copolymer as an ion exchange resin. Electronic spectra, FTIR spectra, and 1H NMR spectra were used to analyze the resin. The batch equilibrium method was used to investigate the ion-exchange characteristics of this resin for Cu 2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Co2+, and Pb2+ ions throughout a pH range of 2.0 to 6.0 and in fluids of varying ionic strengths. In the following order, the resin polymer demonstrated a better choosiness for removing these ions Pb2+> Cu2+ > Ni2+. The quantity of metal ion in use up by resin rises as the pH of the medium rises, according to analysis ratio of distribution as a function of pH. Scanning electron microscopy was used to analyze the surface morphology of the copolymer resin, which revealed the intermediate state among crystalline and amorphous nature. This research could be used to treat industrial waste water.
A Novel Comparative Study: Synthesis, Characterization, and Thermal Degradation Kinetics of a Copolymer and Its Composites with Activated Charcoal
Authors: Punam G. Gupta  , W. B. Gurnule  , R. H. Gupta
Published: January 2022

A novel composite was prepared by using a copolymer involving 2-amino 6-nitrobenzothiazole– formaldehyde copolymer and activated charcoal. Physicochemical analysis, elemental and spectrum analysis were used to characterize the produced copolymer and its composite. SEM and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to study the surface morphology and thermal stability of the copolymer and its composites, respectively. The composite produced better results, which could be attributed to the particle size, porous nature, and increased surface area. The thermal stability of the copolymer and its composite had been improved. The thermodynamic kinetic parameters activation energy, free energy, apparent entropy, frequency factor, and entropy change were also estimated from TG data using the Sharp-Wentworth and Freeman-Carroll methods, and the findings were found to be similar. First-order kinetics were used to decompose the copolymer and its composite. The copolymer and its composite decomposed using first-order kinetics.
Analysis of the Soil Properties of an Industrial Area in Latur
Authors: Vijaykumar More  , Abhay Bondge
Published: January 2022

In the present work, the physicochemical analysis and microbiological properties of soil in an industrial area of latur is carried out. The soil samples were collected from industrial area of latur. The parameters of soil analysis were pH, Alkalinity, Sulphate content, total solids, Organic matter and Microbial activity. The result of pH analysis revealed that the two samples from industrial area had noticeable pH variation from that of control. The alkalinity of the polluted samples was lesser than that of control. Sulphate content and total solids were high in polluted samples compared to control. Microbial activity is very low in acidic polluted samples, where in control it was very high. Due to the presence of heavy metals the total solid content of polluted soil was high. Due to the acidity of the polluted soils the organic matter and microbial activity were less.
Impact of TiO2 in Photolytic Degradation of Pesticides in Wastewater
Authors: Priyanka Gupta  , Gaurav Tamrakar
Published: January 2022

Removal by adsorption and photolytic degradation of organic pollutants from water are cost effective methods. But oxidation technologies are gaining interest as an eﬀective approach for wastewater treatment capable of degrading a diverse spectrum of organic contaminants. The present-day assessment targets to focus on recent advancements in photocatalytic degradation of insecticides and main organic pollution. Photocatalysis is a promising advanced oxidation generation to relieve water pollutants troubles.Titanium dioxide(TiO2) is the most popular photocatalyst due to its low price, nontoxicity, excessive oxidizing skills, and clean immobilization on various surfaces.The usage of TiO2-based photocatalysts indeed, most of the strategies, which hired robust catalysts, confirmed and exhibited successful degradation of the pesticides beneath various situations. We agree with this topic of research is extremely crucial and could keep growing in current years, achieving final suitable outcomes and locate extra applications in special fields of take a look at.
Functional Nanomaterials in Catalysis and Sensing Applications
Authors: Vinita  , Preeti Gupta
Published: January 2022

The role of nanomaterials is very important due to the fact that they possess large surface area to volume ratio, ease of functionalization, fast electron transfer kinetics, catalytic activity and biocompatibility and also selectivity and specificity. With the advent of nanotechnology, its application incatalysis and sensing is entering to a new era for the design of innovative sensors that can sense low level concentration of analyte by portable sensor device which was hardly possible earlier. Sensors have fascinated much consideration in the recent time because of potential applications of these devices in the clinical diagnosis, pharmaceuticals, environmental monitoring and food processing industries etc. The main focus of present paper is the investigations of metal nanomaterials such as silver, gold, platinum, palladium and carbon-based nanomaterials to develop efficient catalyst and sensors for early and accurate detection of biomolecules, drugs and pollutants. These materials showed enormous potential to use as active material for catalysis and sensing applications.
Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticle Zingiber Officinale Extract and their Antibacterial Activity
Authors: D. B. Dupare
Published: January 2022

A commercial accessible noble metal such as Silver exhibits essentially distinct chemical, physical and Biological properties. Today Nano size material have more because of more fascination increase its small size particle dimension, high surface area and quantum dot effect so it give it give wide scope of utilization in drug, catalytical Industry. In past decay, focus on their catalytic, optical and electromagnetic and magnetic application of silver Nano size material. We are utilized green route to synthesis silver Nano size material of Zingiber Officinale extract by using sohelate extraction methods and collected sample using vacuum rotavapour method and characterization for their application observe in different distinct field.
Preliminary Phytochemical Analysis of Sida angustifolia Mill., Plant Specimen from Malvaceae Family
Authors: Shyam W. Dafare  , Jagannath V. Gadpayale
Published: January 2022

The present research paper represents the preliminary phytochemical screening of the crude extract of Sida angustifolia Mill., plant belongs to the Malvaceae family exposed to find out the presence of various bioactive components. The specimen shows the occurrence of Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Phytosterols, Carbohydrate, Phenolic compounds and Tannins mostly while Glycosides, Saponins, Proteins and Free Amino Acids and Gums and mucilage in trace amount. The diversity of phytochemicals found suggests that Sida angustifolia Mill., could serve as a source of useful drugs for future.
PRACTICE CLASSES AS FACILITATING METHODOLOGY OF LEARNING PROCESS AT PHYSIC IN SCIENCE COURSE
Authors: Rodrigues Lopes Márcia , Das Graças Nascimento Amorim Adriany
Published: January 2022

Experimental activities as a facilitating agent in the teaching-learning process have been increasing presence in the science course. Therefore, this work aimed to show the importance of practice activities involving physics subjects such as mechanics and electrostatics in science courses. The main problems confronted by students are related to the types of methodological procedures, the lack of adequate knowledge in the introduction of the teaching of physics, the lack of professionals trained in the area, and focusing on only mathematical foundation and formulas memorization teaching. Because of this, classes aimlessly create fragmented insight concerning the science course. Enhance the importance of teaching physics and simultaneously defend the use of low-cost materials in experimental activities stimulate the student a thirst for knowledge and enhances the teaching-learning process in science. Thus, urging students' interest in materials handling and apply contextualization facilitates and improves knowledge construction, especially in understanding natural sciences contents.
ORGANIC SILICON IN THE PRODUCTION OF ITALIAN ZUCCHINI
Authors: Secco Araujo Mateus
Published: January 2022

The use of silicon in several crops has been shown to be beneficial because of its protection in the leaves, reducing the attack of pests and diseases, because of which there is a significant increase in the production of various crops. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the application of silicon drench with different application rates on the production of Italian zucchini plants of the Caserta grow crops conducted in an open environment. Different drenches of silicon were evaluated to prevent and reduce the incidence of pathogens, increasing productivity. The experiment was carried out in the garden of the Hospital São Roque in the city of Getúlio Vargas - RS, using the seeds of Italian zucchini of the Caserta grow crops, with different drenches of silicon. Weight, circumference and size of the fruits of zucchini were evaluated. Seed treatment with silicon, T3: Seed treatment with silicon + 1 silicon application via leaf (0.5L ha-1), T4: Seed treatment with silicon, T3: Seed treatment with silicon + 2 applications of foliar silicon (each application 0.25L ha-1), T5: 1 application of foliar silicon (0.5L ha-1) and T6: 2 applications of foliar silicon The response variables were submitted to the variation analysis and to the Duncan test at 5% of probability for the comparison of averages. the use of silicon in the treatment of seeds and a single foliar application, presented a reduction in fruit circumference, in relation to the plants that did not receive silicon application, being that these plants also presented a reduction in fruit length in relation to plants that received Si in the treatment of seeds and two foliar applications, with half a dose each.
BALLAST WATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVES ON BOARD SHIPS
Authors: Da Rocha Neto José Lucena , Muniz Santos Marcelo
Published: January 2022

Cases of bioinvasion in Brazil and abroad have been causing serious environmental and economic problems of great order. Cases such as the golden mussel, the zebra mussel, and the North Pacific star, among others, caused economic problems in the fishing activity, and in the industry, such as cases of clogging in coolers and maintenance in hydroelectric turbines. The cholera epidemic took place a long time ago, this was also due to the transport of ballast between continents. Onshore ballast water treatments are quite costly and require logistical support. Ballast water treatment on board despite having to change the project, and having physical space in the engine room seems to be an excellent alternative, there are already projects being manufactured, and these have already been approved by the IMO. There is also the alternative of reusing ballast water, through desalination by reverse osmosis, in which fresh water is obtained that can be used for other purposes. The present work aims to demonstrate the problems arising from bioinvasion, and ballast water treatment alternatives, and their advantages.
SHIP BALLAST WATER EXCHANGE METHODS ON BOARD SHIPS
Authors: Da Rocha Neto José Lucena , Muniz Santos Marcelo
Published: January 2022

The IMO established rules for ballast water exchange procedures to be carried out in oceanic regions. There are three known methods: - Sequential method; - Overflow or continuous flow method; - Brazilian dilution method. All three are not 100% efficient. It is known that they present structural problems to the ship, and even so they do not guarantee total effectiveness in the elimination of exotic species. In addition to these methods, other types of methods are already being tested at American Universities. The present work presents in-depth studies on ballast water exchange procedures.
AGRONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS AND PRODUCTIVITY OF SOYBEAN SUBMITTED TO DOSES OF NITROGEN FERTILIZATION AND INOCULATION WITH PANTOEA AGGLOMERANS STRAIN O4
Authors: Leopoldina Sousa Laura , Theo Gentil Kevin , Biotech Brasil Green
Published: January 2022

The soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) is a prominent crop in the world grain scenario, it is currently cultivated in practically all the Brazilian national territory. Brazil appears as the world's second largest producer of this grain. Soybean cultivation is still the crop that consumes the most fertilizers in Brazil, with Nitrogen being the most required nutrient in the plant. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of seed inoculation with Pantoea Agglomerans Strain O4 bacteria and their relationship with nitrogen doses on soybean development and yield. The experiment was carried out in the experimental area of the Center of Agrarian Sciences and Biodiversity (CCAB), Federal University of Cariri (UFCA), in Crato - CE, in a randomized block design, in a subdivided plot, with three replications, thus totaling 24 experimental plots. The plots were four nitrogen doses (0, 25, 50 and 100% of the recommended dose) and the subplots referring to the use of AzotoBarvar inoculant (with and without). The variables analyzed were: plant height, first pod insertion height, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, pod per plant mass, mass of 100 grains, grain mass per plant and productivity. The data were submitted to analysis of variance by the F test and the means of the Bavar factor compared by the Tukey test at 5% of probability. The statistical program Sisvar 5.3 was used for the statistical analysis. According to the analysis of variance none of the variables presented significant results, for the interaction Fertilizer*Barvar or for the AzotoBarvar and Fertilizer factors separately. According to the means test, however, it was observed better results for plant height, number of pods per plant, pod mass per plant, grain mass per plant and productivity in the presence of the inoculant.
USE OF HUMIC SUBSTANCES AND MICROORGANISMS IN JAPANESE CUCUMBER PRODUCTION
Authors: Grunewald Júnior Eumar , Biotech Brasil Green , Theo Gentil Kevin
Published: January 2022

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) is a crop of great economic and social importance within the vegetable agribusiness in Brazil, being consumed in all Brazilian regions. The use of microorganisms or substances that can positively influence the improvement of one or more plant characteristics is already a necessity in agriculture. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the vegetative development and production of the Japanese cucumber crop using products based on humic substances and nutrient-providing microorganisms. The use of 100, 50 and 0% of the recommended mineral fertilizer for the culture was tested, as well as a set of three products composed of microorganisms and a product based on Humic Substances, with two levels of fertilizer each (50% of the recommended mineral fertilizer and without mineral fertilizer). The use of products associated with 50% of the recommended mineral fertilization provided the achievement of production levels equal to or greater than those found when using 100% of the fertilization. For the variables of vegetative development, equal results were found for the treatments with the use of products associated with 50% of the fertilization and the treatment with 100% of the chemical fertilization recommended for the culture.
What Lies Beneath the Surface: A Ceramic Technology Approach to Iroquoian Pottery
Authors: Hawkins Alicia L. , Braun Gregory V. , St. John Amy , Lesage Louis , Petrus Joseph A.
Published: January 2022

High collared pottery rim sherds from sites designated as Huron-Wendat and St. Lawrence Iroquoian are analysed using a community of practice approach. Using several analytical methods on the same ceramic sherds, we aimed to determine the technological choices made by potters. We focused specifically on clay selection, temper selection and processing, preparation of the clay body and formation of the rim. Our findings demonstrate that for each step in the production process there are a range of practices represented within the study region. However, comparison with adjacent areas and earlier periods shows that there is consistency in technological choices that are specific to our study area. We argue that this is consistent with connections between the pottery making traditions in the Simcoe Uplands in Ontario and the St. Lawrence Valley areas. As traditions were maintained by people, so we envision connected communities across the study area.
Une archéologie sociale des Iroquoiens de Saint-Anicet, la question identitaire / A Social Archaeology of the Saint-Anicet Iroquoians: A Question of Identity
Authors: Chapdelaine Claude
Published: January 2022

The Saint-Anicet region has received continuous archaeological attention between 1992 and 2017, resulting in a large dataset on three village sites. The McDonald, Droulers, and Mailhot-Curran sites represent a local sequence covering the fourteenth to the sixteenth centuries. The material culture, specifically remains of longhouses, corn cultivation, and a rich ceramic assemblage, clearly indicates an Iroquoian identity. While the main goal of fieldwork was to build a social archaeology based on the extensive excavation of longhouses, fieldwork was guided by the conviction that Saint-Anicet Iroquoians were members of a distinct group, identified as St. Lawrence Iroquoians by archaeologists. This study will review the data and arguments supporting this specific cultural identity while problems linked to this identity building will be acknowledged.
Los salvadoreños evalúan los tres años de gobierno de Calderón
Authors: De Opinión Pública Instituto Universitario
Published: January 2022

A finales del mes de mayo de 1997, el IUDOP llevó a cabo una encuesta de opinión pública con una muestra de 1,217 adultos salvadoreños, representativa de la población de todo el país y con un margen de error de más-menos cuatro por ciento. El sondeo, realizado dentro de la serie de evaluaciones anuales sobre el gobierno, que realiza la Universidad Centroamericana "José Simeón Cañas", mostró que la mayor parte de los ciudadanos mantiene una visión negativa de la administración de Calderón Sol, a la cual califican con una nota promedio de 4.97 y le atribuyen la falta de solución de los problemas económicos y de seguridad pública.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 52, No. 584, 1997: 519-534.
En la mejor de las circunstancias:
Authors: Holiday David , Stanley William
Published: January 2022

El presente artículo se realizó entre 1992 y 1995. Expone las razones que motivaron a los protagonistas de El Salvador a negociar la paz y abandonar algunos de sus compromisos más importantes. En este sentido, analiza los problemas enfrentados por la Organización de las Naciones Unidas en su función dual, es decir, como verificadora, contraria a su papel previo como mediadora, y en el fortalecimiento institucional. Asi mismo se estudian las decisiones que tomó ONUSAL respecto a esta problemática. Los autores sostienen que la postura de las Naciones Unidas, que se basa en principios, generó resultados positivos para el fortalecimiento de la paz en El Salvador, y que la asociación de funciones de verificación y fortalecimiento institucional puede ser favorable si coincide desde el punto de vista político. Finalmente reconocen que los resultados obtenidos fueron determinados, en mayor medida, por las fuerzas políticas nacionales.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 52, No. 584, 1997: 549-573.
La universalidad de la reflexión ética mesoamericana
Authors: Corominas Jordi
Published: January 2022

El presente artículo plantea la interrogante, a partir de un contexto filosófico, de si se debe acceder a algún tipo de universalidad relevante para la reflexión ética, o si es preciso abandonar esta idea como un residuo laico de religiones universalistas. En este sentido, existen diversos planteamientos universalistas que no brindan un criterio absoluto, sino que proporcionan una serie de orientaciones. Por tanto, es preciso analizar la universalidad a partir de sus distintas dimensiones. La dimensión fáctica muestra que la actuación se rige por la intencionalidad; la dimensión racional de la moral permite crear nuevos esquemas intencionales, la modificación de actuaciones y la creación de nuevas; la dimensión protomoral que comprende los actos de sensación, afección y volición que conllevan un criterio para decidir sobre la bondad y la maldad. Por consiguiente, la universalidad ética encuentra su respuesta en una ética filosófica, entendida como filosofía primera. La ética primera puede acceder a una verdadera universalidad y es aprobatoria si reconoce el pluralismo en todos los ámbitos (económico, cultural, político, etc.).

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 52, No. 584, 1997: 575-598.
Tres años de gobierno de Armando Calderón Sol
Authors: González Luis Armando
Published: January 2022

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 52, No. 584, 1997: 599-602.
Mensaje presidencial ; Declaración conjunta México-El Salvador
Authors: Editor El
Published: January 2022

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

 

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 52, No. 584, 1997: 647-651.
The effectiveness of spinal manipulation versus spinal manipulation in conjunction with core stabilisation exercises in the treatment of mechanical low back pain
Authors:   , Boden Langley Nicholas
Published: January 2022

Low back pain is estimated to effect 60-90% of the world's population sometime during their lives while 20-30% of people suffer from low back pain at any given time (Cassidy and Burton, 1992:3). Locally, epidemiological studies into low back pain have revealed incidence rates of 57.6% amongst black South Africans (Van der Meulen, 1997) and between 70 and 80% amongst Indians and Coloureds (Docrat, 1999). The use of spinal manipulation with the emphasis on restoring joint mobility, has been proven to be one of the most effective and cost effective approaches in the management low back pain of a mechanical origin (Di Fabio, 1992). McMorland (2000), showed in a study of 199 patients, that spinal manipulation resulted in an average of 52.5% and 52.9% reduction in low back pain and disability respectively. Panjabi (1992:1) has postulated a theory of a 'neutral zone' around which the passive lumbar spine operates. He describes the neutral zone as a region of intervertebral motion around the neutral posture where little resistance is offered by the passive spinal column. It is, according to Panjabi (1992:1), possible for this neutral zone to increase with injury to the spinal column or with weakness of stabilising muscles, which could result in low back pain. The trunk muscles therefore have to be able to co-contract isometrically to control the neutral zone and protect the spinal tissue from excessive motion (Richardson et aI.1990). The transversus abdominis muscle and multifidus muscle have been identified as playing an important role in the complex synergistic interaction of the trunk (Norris, 1995). The above concept involving muscles attempting to maintain a neutral zone is commonly referred to as 'core stabilisation' (Norris, 1995).
The efficacy of a conservative chiropractic management approach in the treatment of symptomatic hallux abcuctovalqus (bunions)
Authors:   , Guiry Sioban
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of a conservative chiropractic management approach in the treatment of symptomatic hallux abductovalgus (bunions). The study was a prospective, randomised clinical trial involving sixty subjects, thirty in each group, which were selected from the general population. Group A received a conservative chiropractic management approach, encompassing progressive mobilization of the first metatarsophalangeal joint, used in conjunction with cryotherapy and adjustment of all other fixations found in the foot and ankle. Group B received a placebo treatment by means of de-tuned Action Potential Therapy administered to the involved foot. Each group received six treatments over a two-week period and attended a one-week follow up consultation for data collection. Objective assessment was performed by measuring the pressure pain threshold using a digital algometer. Subjective assessment was by means of the Numerical Rating Scale-101 (NRS-101) and the Foot Function Index (FFI). The Hallux-metatarsophalangeal-interphalangeal Scale (HAL) incorporated assessment of both objective and subjective measurements. Assessments were taken at the first, third, sixth and one week follow-up consultations, for all the subjective and objective data. Statistical analysis was completed under the supervision of Mr K. Thomas at . the Technikon Natal, at a 95% confidence interval. The parametric two-sampled paired t-test, the Friedman's test and the Dunn's post test were used to analyse the data within each group (intra-group analysis), whilst the parametric two-sampled unpaired t-test and the non-parametric Mann Whitney unpaired U-test were used to analyse the data between the two groups (inter-group analysis).
An assessment of two chiropractic management programmes with respect to frequency of treatment of migraine headaches
Authors:   , Whittle Mark Spencer
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the most beneficial chiropractic management programme with respect to frequency of treatments for migraine headaches. It was hypothesised that an intensive treatment programme would be most effective. Thirty four (34) patients were accepted into this single blind, randomised trial, however only thirty (30) patients were compliant. Only patients diagnosed with migraine were accepted. The sample group was drawn from a population of migraine sufferers from t.,hegreater Durban area, and they were randomly divided into the two treatment groups. Both treatment groups received chiropractic adjustments to fixations found in the cervical and thoracic spines, as well as soft tissue massage to the above-mentioned areas. The only difference was the treatment periods, where the intensive treatment group was treated nine times in three weeks and the conservative treatment group was treated nine times in nine weeks. Both groups were re-evaluated after a six week followup period. Only subjective measurements were taken, all tabulated weekly I by each patient in the headache diaries provided.
The value of therapeutic exercise in the management of chronic mechanical cervical spine conditions
Authors:   , Fourie Theo Manie
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this investigation was to compare the effectiveness of chiropractic manipulation alone to the use of chiropractic manipulation together with therapeutic exercise in the management of chronic mechanical cervical spine conditions. Measurements in terms of objective and subjective clinical findings, were to be used to substantiate or refute the use of auxiliary therapeutic exercise in these conditions. It was hypothesised that therapeutic exercise would be a valuable adjunct to the chiropractic management of chronic mechanical cervical spine conditions in terms of objective (flexibility) and subjective (pain and disability) clinical findings. Thirty consecutive subjects suffering from chronic neck pain were obtained from local advertising (radio and newspapers) and randomly placed into two groups for comparison. The 0. age group of subjects accepted ranged from 16 to 60 and included both sexes from any race, who had suffered from neck pain for six weeks or longer. Subjects were assessed to determine whether there were any contra-indications to manipulation or exercise. Treatment commenced for a month with both groups receiving spinal manipulative therapy and one group doing daily therapeutic exercises. The eROM goniometer, McGill Pain Questionnaire, Numerical Pain Rating Scale - 101 Questionnaire and the CMee Neck Disability Index were
El turismo rural y el desarrollo local sostenible desde la percepción de los pobladores de la parroquia Ingapirca
Authors: Alvarez Alvarado Ruth
Published: January 2022

En el presente trabajo investigativo se analizó el efecto que tiene el turismo rural como alternativa de desarrollo local sostenible en la parroquia Ingapirca desde la percepción de los pobladores. Esta investigación se desarrolló desde una perspectiva de estudio de caso cualitativo mediante la aplicación de una encuesta a los pobladores de la localidad y los turistas que visitan la zona. Según la investigación realizada existe una oferta turística importante y una planta turística necesaria para satisfacer las necesidades de los turistas y visitantes. Se identificó la demanda turística del año 2019 y 2020, la misma que ha sido considerable. Además, mediante las encuestas se pudo conocer la satisfacción del visitante y turista. A través del mismo método e instrumento de las encuestas se conoció la percepción de los pobladores de la localidad que trabajan en algún área relacionada al turismo, concluyendo que los sujetos consideran que el turismo no ha influido en el desarrollo de la parroquia, estiman que el turismo ha generado algunas plazas de empleo, y por ende les ha ayudado a generar algún ingreso. Sin embargo, los pobladores no están satisfechos porque consideran que se puede llegar a potenciar más el turismo rural en esta localidad.
Teologi Agama-Agama Menurut Pemikiran Lesslie Newbigin Dan Johan Herman Bavinck
Authors: Harianja Doni Herwanto
Published: January 2022

Artikel ini merupakan tinjauan perbandingan teologi agama-agama menurut pandangan Lesslie Newbigin dan Johan Herman Bavinck. Kendati kedua misionaris ini adalah misionaris yang berakar dalam tradisi teologi Reformed, keduanya memiliki pandangan yang berbeda dalam menganalisis teologi agama-agama. Newbigin dalam menganalisis agama-agama cenderung negatif, sehingga Newbigin menyatakan suatu dorongan yang bersifat mendesak untuk memberitakan Injil. Sedangkan Bavinck cenderung positif dalam menganalisis agama-agama dan tidak memberikan dorongan secara mendesak dalam mewartakan Injil. Di bagian akhir artikel ini, penulis memberikan kesimpulan bahwa pendapat dari masing-masing tokoh misionaris hendaknya direngkuh untuk mendapatkan pemahaman yang lebih utuh dan saling melengkapi dalam menganalisis teologi agama-agama.
Kritik Terhadap Pandangan Joel B. Green Mengenai Monism
Authors: Kurnia Pieter , Intan Benyamin
Published: January 2022

Green mengklaim monism jauh lebih konsisten dibandingkan pemisahan tubuh dan jiwa atau dikenal dengan dualistis. Green mengatakan manusia adalah manusia utuh dan tidak memiliki aspek metafisik. Segala aspek “metafisik” seperti keinginan, kehendak dan setiap keputusan terjadi karena dua hal. Pertama, adanya reaksi kimia di dalam otak atau akibat dari  konsep neuroscience dan kedua, aspek relasi  manusia. Green berusaha membuktikan hal tersebut dengan menggunakan teks-teks Alkitab dan pendekatan studi kata. Namun pandangan ini bermasalah karena menyebabkan identitas manusia hilang ketika mengalami kematian dan menjadi pribadi yang baru ketika dibangkitkan. Oleh sebab itu, artikel ini akan mengevaluasi klaim-klaim Green mengenai monism. Adapun evaluasi ini akan dikaji dan dibahas berdasarkan sudut pandang Reformed.
Legal, Regulatory and Technical Responses to Terrorism in the Aviation Industry in Kenya
Authors: Omweno Edna Nyatichi
Published: January 2022

The impact of terrorists’ acts against the civil aviation industry cannot be gainsaid. It exerts immense pressure on the national and human security of many nations. Regrettably, there has been a barrage of terrorist attacks against aircraft and airport installations since the dawn of powered passenger flight.  The study sought to examine the legal, regulatory and Technical responses to terrorism in the aviation industry in Kenya and employed the exploratory research design. Secondary data was collected from government publications, websites, internal records and reports, conference proceedings, research articles, and books, among others. The data collected were analysed thematically.  From the study finding, it is evident that aviation security became a challenge, especially in the 1960s following an increase in the number of terrorist attacks in the industry. ICAO’s legal, regulatory and technical responses through international conventions and protocols to address the challenge were reactionary in nature especially in the period before the 9/11 US attacks. A review of their ineffectiveness called for responses that were more proactive and preventive in nature, as a better solution in mitigating terrorism in the industry. This called for the need for cooperation among various security supporting agencies in many states’ aviation industries. Presently, there are extensive counterterrorism responses employed in Kenya. These include legal, regulatory, and technical multiagency responses frameworks. Based on the study findings, the study makes the following recommendations. First and foremost, there is a need to undertake training for security personnel to better implement the legal, regulatory, and technical responses. There should also be an effort to strengthen the capacities of agencies to better respond to terrorism threats in the aviation industry through legislation, training, and funding interventions.
PENINGKATKAN BACAAN NUN MATI/TANWIN MENGGUNAKAN METODE CARD SORT
Authors: KISMATUN KISMATUN
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this study was to improve the achievement of learning outcomes regarding reading nun mati or tanwin in class VII B of SMP Negeri 1 Limpung, Batang using the card short method. In fact, the majority of Muslims in Indonesia are still many who have not been able to read the Koran properly, including class VII B students of SMP Negeri 1 Limpung, where as many as 24 out of 36 students did not reach the minimum learning competency limit. This condition is caused by many factors, one of which is learning PAI which is not fun. Starting from the above background, this study seeks to improve learning outcomes by changing the learning process using short cards. In the end, this study found that the use of the Card Sort method in the learning process of the law of reading nun mati/tanwin can increase students’ motivation and learning outcomes. This is indicated by student learning outcomes that achieve the targeted indicators. This is evidenced by students who already understand the meaning, letters and at the same time provide examples of the law of reading nun mati/tanwin correctly, and have reached the classical completeness indicator, which is getting a score of 90. In Cycle II, there were 5 students who got a score 100 and only 2 students who have not completed.

ABSTRAKTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan tercapainya hasil pembelajaran mengenai bacaan nun mati atau tanwin di kelas VII B SMP Negeri 1 Limpung, Kabupaten Batang menggunakan metode card short atau seleksi kartu. Kenyataannya, mayoritas umat Islam di Indonesia masih banyak yang belum bisa membaca al-Quran dengan benar, termasuk siswa kelas VII B SMP Negeri 1 Limpung, di mana sebanyak 24 dari 36 siswa tidak mencapai batas minimal kompetensi pembelajaran. Kondisi tersebut disebabkan banyak faktor, di antaranya adalah pembelajaran PAI yang kurang menyenangkan. Bertolak dari latar belakang di atas, penelitian ini berusaha meningkatkan hasil pembelajaran dengan cara merubah proses pembelajaran menggunakan card short. Pada akhirnya, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa, penggunaan metode Card Sort dalam proses pembelajaran hukum bacaan nun mati/tanwin dapat meningkatkan motivasi dan hasil belajar peserta didik. Hal tersebut ditunjukkan oleh hasil belajar siswa yang mencapai indikator sesuai yang ditargetkan. Hal ini dibuktikan oleh peserta didik yang sudah memahami pengertian, huruf-huruf dan sekaligus memberikan contoh hukum bacaan nun mati/tanwin dengan benar, dan sudah mencapai indikator ketuntasan klasikal, yaitu mendapat nilai 90. Pada Siklus II, terdapat 5 peserta didik yang mendapat nilai 100 dan hanya 2 peserta didik yang belum tuntas.