bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Class of Sparse Direct Broyden Method for Solving Sparse Nonlinear Equations
Authors: Cao Huiping , Han Jing
Published: July 2022

In our paper, we present a sparse quasi-Newton method, called the sparse direct Broyden method, for solving sparse nonlinear equations. The method can be seen as a Broyden-like method and is a least change update satisfying the sparsity condition and direct tangent condition simultaneously. The local and q-superlinear convergence is presented based on the bounded deterioration property and Dennis–Moré condition. By adopting a nonmonotone line search, we establish the global and superlinear convergence. Moreover, the unit step length is essentially accepted. Numerical results demonstrate that the sparse direct Broyden method is effective and competitive for large-scale nonlinear equations.
2D Discrete Hodge–Dirac Operator on the Torus
Authors: Sushch Volodymyr
Published: July 2022

We discuss a discretization of the de Rham–Hodge theory in the two-dimensional case based on a discrete exterior calculus framework. We present discrete analogues of the Hodge–Dirac and Laplace operators in which key geometric aspects of the continuum counterpart are captured. We provide and prove a discrete version of the Hodge decomposition theorem. The goal of this work is to develop a satisfactory discrete model of the de Rham–Hodge theory on manifolds that are homeomorphic to the torus. Special attention has been paid to discrete models on a combinatorial torus. In this particular case, we also define and calculate the cohomology groups.
Symmetry and Asymmetry of the Antegonial Notch
Authors: Mączka Grzegorz , Kulus Michał Jerzy , Grzelak Joanna , Dobrzyński Maciej , Staniowski Tomasz , Skośkiewicz-Malinowska Katarzyna , Dąbrowski Paweł
Published: July 2022

The symmetry of a human organism’s structure is an expression of the general law of development regarding organic life. Assessing the symmetry of the face and its individual components is one of the most important factors when it comes to the overall assessment of a patient’s stomatognathic system and is essential in the planning of orthodontic and prosthetic treatment. The aim of this study is to assess the symmetry of the occurrence and the measurement parameters of the pre-angular notch of the mandible. The study included computed tomography scans of 187 patients who all exhibited a visible pre-angular notch in the mandible. There was a noticeable and measurable asymmetry in the length of the angle of the notches as well as in the area of the notch angles. The differentiation of the right- and left-side measurements points to the existence of a fluctuating asymmetry. Other measurements which describe the pre-angular notch of the lower jaw do not show asymmetry.
Differential Antivenom and Small-Molecule Inhibition of Novel Coagulotoxic Variations in Atropoides, Cerrophidion, Metlapilcoatlus, and Porthidium American Viperid Snake Venoms
Authors: Jones Lee , Youngman Nicholas J. , Neri-Castro Edgar , Guadarrama-Martínez Alid , Lewin Matthew R. , Carter Rebecca , Frank Nathaniel , Fry Bryan G.
Published: July 2022

Within Neotropical pit-vipers, the Mexican/Central-American clade consisting of Atropoides, Cerrophidion, Metlapilcoatlus, and Porthidium is a wide-ranging, morphologically and ecologically diverse group of snakes. Despite their prevalence, little is known of the functional aspects of their venoms. This study aimed to fill the knowledge gap regarding coagulotoxic effects and to examine the potential of different therapeutic approaches. As a general trait, the venoms were shown to be anticoagulant but were underpinned by diverse biochemical actions. Pseudo-procoagulant activity (i.e., thrombin-like), characterized by the direct cleavage of fibrinogen to form weak fibrin clots, was evident for Atropoides picadoi, Cerrophidiontzotzilorum, Metlapilcoatlus mexicanus, M. nummifer, M. occiduus, M. olmec, and Porthidium porrasi. In contrast, other venoms cleaved fibrinogen in a destructive (non-clotting) manner, with C. godmani and C. wilsoni being the most potent. In addition to actions on fibrinogen, clotting enzymes were also inhibited. FXa was only weakly inhibited by most species, but Cerrophidion godmani and C. wilsoni were extremely strong in their inhibitory action. Other clotting enzymes were more widely inhibited by diverse species spanning the full taxonomical range, but in each case, there were species that had these traits notably amplified relatively to the others. C. godmani and C. wilsoni were the most potent amongst those that inhibited the formation of the prothrombinase complex and were also amongst the most potent inhibitors of Factor XIa. While most species displayed only low levels of thrombin inhibition, Porthidium dunni potently inhibited this clotting factor. The regional polyvalent antivenom produced by Instituto Picado Clodomiro was tested and was shown to be effective against the diverse anticoagulant pathophysiological effects. In contrast to the anticoagulant activities of the other species, Porthidium volcanicum was uniquely procoagulant through the activation of Factor VII and Factor XII. This viperid species is the first snake outside of the Oxyuranus/Pseudonaja elapid snake clade to be shown to activate FVII and the first snake venom of any kind to activate FXII. Interestingly, while small-molecule metalloprotease inhibitors prinomastat and marimastat demonstrated the ability to prevent the procoagulant toxicity of P. volcanicum, neither ICP antivenom nor inhibitor DMPS showed this effect. The extreme variation among the snakes here studied underscores how venom is a dynamic trait and how this can shape clinical outcomes and influence evolving treatment strategies.
Production of Satratoxin G and H Is Tightly Linked to Sporulation in Stachybotrys chartarum
Authors: Tribelhorn Katharina , Twarużek Magdalena , Soszczyńska Ewelina , Rau Jörg , Baschien Christiane , Straubinger Reinhard K. , Ebel Frank , Ulrich Sebastian
Published: July 2022

Stachybotrys chartarum is a toxigenic fungus that is frequently isolated from damp building materials or improperly stored forage. Macrocyclic trichothecenes and in particular satratoxins are the most potent mycotoxins known to be produced by this fungus. Exposure of humans or animals to these secondary metabolites can be associated with severe health problems. To assess the pathogenic potential of S. chartarum isolates, it is essential to cultivate them under conditions that reliably promote toxin production. Potato dextrose agar (PDA) was reported to be the optimal nutrition medium for satratoxin production. In this study, the growth of S. chartarum genotype S strains on PDA from two manufacturers led to divergent results, namely, well-grown and sporulating cultures with high satratoxin concentrations (20.8 ± 0.4 µg/cm2) versus cultures with sparse sporulation and low satratoxin production (0.3 ± 0.1 µg/cm2). This finding is important for any attempt to identify toxigenic S. chartarum isolates. Further experiments performed with the two media provided strong evidence for a link between satratoxin production and sporulation. A comparison of three-point and one-point cultures grown on the two types of PDA, furthermore, demonstrated an inter-colony communication that influences both sporulation and mycotoxin production of S. chartarum genotype S strains.
Performance of Cardiotropic rAAV Vectors Is Dependent on Production Method
Authors: Rao Renuka , Farraha Melad , Logan Grant J. , Igoor Sindhu , Kok Cindy Y. , Chong James J. H. , Alexander Ian E. , Kizana Eddy
Published: July 2022

Gene therapy is making significant impact on a modest, yet growing, number of human diseases. Justifiably, the preferred viral vector for clinical use is that based on recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV). There is a need to scale up rAAV vector production with the transition from pre-clinical models to human application. Standard production methods based on the adherent cell type (HEK293) are limited in scalability and other methods, such as those based on the baculovirus and non-adherent insect cell (Sf9) system, have been pursued as an alternative to increase rAAV production. In this study, we compare these two production methods for cardiotropic rAAVs. Transduction efficiency for both production methods was assessed in primary cardiomyocytes, human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs), and in mice following systemic delivery. We found that the rAAV produced by the traditional HEK293 method out-performed vector produced using the baculovirus/Sf9 system in vitro and in vivo. This finding provides a potential caveat for vector function when using the baculovirus/Sf9 production system and underscores the need for thorough assessment of vector performance when using diverse rAAV production methods.
Immunobiological Characteristics of the Attenuated African Swine Fever Virus Strain Katanga-350
Authors: Sereda Alexey D. , Vlasov Mikhail E. , Koltsova Galina S. , Morgunov Sergey Y. , Kudrjashov Dmitry A. , Sindryakova Irina P. , Kolbasova Olga L. , Lyska Valentina M. , Koltsov Andrei Y. , Zhivoderov Sergey P. , Pivova Elena Y. , Baluishev Vladimir M. , Gogin Andrey E. , Kolbasov Denis V.
Published: July 2022

The African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the cause of a recent pandemic that is threatening the global pig industry. The virus infects domestic and wild pigs and manifests with a variety of clinical symptoms, depending on the strain. No commercial vaccine is currently available to protect animals from this virus, but some attenuated and recombinant live vaccine candidates might be effective against the disease. This article describes the immunobiological characteristics of one such candidate—the laboratory-attenuated ASFV strain, Katanga-350—which belongs to genotype I. In this study, we assessed clinical signs and post-mortem changes, the levels of viremia and the presence of viral DNA caused by injection of ASF virus strains Katanga-350, Lisbon-57, and Stavropol 08/01. Intramuscular injection of this strain protected 80% of pigs from a virulent strain of the same genotype and seroimmunotype (Lisbon-57). At least 50% of the surviving pigs received protection from subsequent intramuscular infection with a heterologous (genotype II, seroimmunotype VIII) virulent strain (Stavropol 08/01). Virus-specific antibodies were detectable in serum and saliva samples between 8–78 days after the first inoculation of the Katanga-350 strain (the observational period). The results suggested that this strain could serve as a basis for the development of a recombinant vaccine against ASF viruses belonging to seroimmunotype I.
Ivermectin Inhibits the Replication of Usutu Virus In Vitro
Authors: Wald Maria Elisabeth , Claus Claudia , Konrath Andrea , Nieper Hermann , Muluneh Aemero , Schmidt Volker , Vahlenkamp Thomas Wilhelm , Sieg Michael
Published: July 2022

Usutu virus (USUV) is an emerging mosquito-borne arbovirus within the genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae. Similar to the closely related West Nile virus (WNV), USUV infections are capable of causing mass mortality in wild and captive birds, especially blackbirds. In the last few years, a massive spread of USUV was present in the avian population of Germany and other European countries. To date, no specific antiviral therapies are available. Nine different approved drugs were tested for their antiviral effects on the replication of USUV in vitro in a screening assay. Ivermectin was identified as a potent inhibitor of USUV replication in three cell types from different species, such as simian Vero CCL-81, human A549 and avian TME R. A 2- to 7-log10 reduction of the viral titer in the supernatant was detected at a non-cytotoxic concentration of 5 µM ivermectin dependent on the applied cell line. IC50 values of ivermectin against USUV lineage Africa 3 was found to be 0.55 µM in Vero CCL-81, 1.94 µM in A549 and 1.38 µM in TME-R cells. The antiviral efficacy was comparable between the USUV lineages Africa 2, Africa 3 and Europe 3. These findings show that ivermectin may be a candidate for further experimental and clinical studies addressing the treatment of USUV disease, especially in captive birds.
Pathogenicity and Pathotype Analysis of Henan Isolates of Marek’s Disease Virus Reveal Long-Term Circulation of Highly Virulent MDV Variant in China
Authors: Teng Man , Zheng Lu-Ping , Li Hui-Zhen , Ma Sheng-Ming , Zhu Zhi-Jian , Chai Shu-Jun , Yao Yongxiu , Nair Venugopal , Zhang Gai-Ping , Luo Jun
Published: July 2022

In recent years, outbreaks of Marek’s disease (MD) have been frequently reported in vaccinated chicken flocks in China. Herein, we have demonstrated that four Marek’s disease virus (MDV) isolates, HN502, HN302, HN304, and HN101, are all pathogenic and oncogenic to hosts. Outstandingly, the HN302 strain induced 100% MD incidence, 54.84% mortality, and 87.10% tumor incidence, together with extensive atrophy of immune organs. Pathotyping of HN302 was performed in comparison to a standard very virulent (vv) MDV strain Md5. We found that both CVI988 and HVT vaccines significantly reduced morbidity and mortality induced by HN302 or Md5 strains, but the protection indices (PIs) provided by these two vaccines against HN302 were significantly lower (27.03%) or lower (33.33%) than that against Md5, which showed PIs of 59.89% and 54.29%, respectively. These data suggested that HN302 possesses a significant higher virulence than Md5 and at least could be designated as a vvMDV strain. Together with our previous phylogenetic analysis on MDV-1 meq genes, we have presently suggested HN302 to be a typical highly virulent MDV variant belonging to an independent Chinese branch. To our knowledge, this is the first report to provide convincible evidence to identify a pathogenic MDV variant strain with a higher virulence than Md5 in China, which may have emerged and circulating in poultry farms in China for a long time and involved in the recent MD outbreaks.
Serum SARS-CoV-2 Antigens for the Determination of COVID-19 Severity
Authors: Favresse Julien , Bayart Jean-Louis , David Clara , Gillot Constant , Wieërs Grégoire , Roussel Gatien , Sondag Guillaume , Elsen Marc , Eucher Christine , Dogné Jean-Michel , Douxfils Jonathan
Published: July 2022

The diagnostic of SARS-CoV-2 infection relies on reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCRs) performed on nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs. Nevertheless, false-negative results can be obtained with inadequate sampling procedures, making the use of other biological matrices worthy of investigation. This study aims to evaluate the kinetics of serum N antigens in severe and non-severe patients and compare the clinical performance of serum antigenic assays with NP RT-PCR. Ninety patients were included in the study and monitored for several days. Disease severity was determined according to the WHO clinical progression scale. Serum N antigen levels were measured with a chemiluminescent assay (CLIA) and the Single Molecular Array (Simoa) assay. Viremia thresholds for severity were determined and proposed. In severe patients, the peak antigen response was observed 7 days after the onset of symptoms, followed by a decline. No real peak response was observed in non-severe patients. Severity thresholds for the Simoa and the CLIA provided positive likelihood ratios of 30.0 and 10.9 for the timeframe between day 2 and day 14, respectively. Sensitive detection of N antigens in serum may thus provide a valuable new marker for COVID-19 diagnosis and evaluation of disease severity. When assessed during the first 2 weeks since the onset of symptoms, it may help in identifying patients at risk of developing severe COVID-19 to optimize better intensive care utilization.
A Human and Rhesus Macaque Interferon-Stimulated Gene Screen Shows That Over-Expression of ARHGEF3/XPLN Inhibits Replication of Hepatitis C Virus and Other Flavivirids
Authors: Bamford Connor G. G. , Aranday-Cortes Elihu , Sanchez-Velazquez Ricardo , Mullan Catrina , Kohl Alain , Patel Arvind H. , Wilson Sam J. , McLauchlan John
Published: July 2022

Natural hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is restricted to humans, whereas other primates such as rhesus macaques are non-permissive for infection. To identify human and rhesus macaque genes that differ or share the ability to inhibit HCV replication, we conducted a medium-throughput screen of lentivirus-expressed host genes that disrupt replication of HCV subgenomic replicon RNA expressing secreted Gaussia luciferase. A combined total of >800 interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) were screened. Our findings confirmed established anti-HCV ISGs, such as IRF1, PKR and DDX60. Novel species–specific inhibitors were also identified and independently validated. Using a cell-based system that recapitulates productive HCV infection, we identified that over-expression of the ‘Rho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor 3’ gene (ARHGEF3) from both species inhibits full-length virus replication. Additionally, replication of two mosquito-borne flaviviruses, yellow fever virus (YFV) and Zika virus (ZIKV), were also reduced in cell lines over-expressing ARHGEF3 compared to controls. In conclusion, we ascribe novel antiviral activity to the cellular gene ARHGEF3 that inhibits replication of HCV and other important human viral pathogens belonging to the Flaviviridae, and which is conserved between humans and rhesus macaques.
The Virus-Induced Upregulation of the miR-183/96/182 Cluster and the FoxO Family Protein Members Are Not Required for Efficient Replication of HSV-1
Authors: Zubković Andreja , Žarak Ines , Ratkaj Ivana , Rokić Filip , Jekić Maja , Pribanić Matešić Marina , Lebrón Ricardo , Gómez-Martín Cristina , Lisnić Berislav , Lisnić Vanda Juranić , Jonjić Stipan , Pan Dongli , Vugrek Oliver , Hackenberg Michael , Jurak Igor
Published: July 2022

Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) expresses a large number of miRNAs, and their function is still not completely understood. In addition, HSV-1 has been found to deregulate host miRNAs, which adds to the complexity of the regulation of efficient virus replication. In this study, we comprehensively addressed the deregulation of host miRNAs by massive-parallel sequencing. We found that only miRNAs expressed from a single cluster, miR-183/96/182, are reproducibly deregulated during productive infection. These miRNAs are predicted to regulate a great number of potential targets involved in different cellular processes and have only 33 shared targets. Among these, members of the FoxO family of proteins were identified as potential targets for all three miRNAs. However, our study shows that the upregulated miRNAs do not affect the expression of FoxO proteins, moreover, these proteins were upregulated in HSV-1 infection. Furthermore, we show that the individual FoxO proteins are not required for efficient HSV-1 replication. Taken together, our results indicate a complex and redundant response of infected cells to the virus infection that is efficiently inhibited by the virus.
The Swine Erysipelas Vaccine SER-ME Effectively Protects Pigs against Challenge with the Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae M203/I257 SpaA-Type Variant
Authors: Morimoto Misako , Kato Atsushi , Nogami Kotoe , Akaike Yuta , Furusawa Takaaki , Kojima Hiroe , Sasakawa Chihiro
Published: July 2022

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae causes swine erysipelas (SE). Sporadic SE outbreaks in Japan are mostly caused by the E. rhusiopathiae serovar 1a variant featured by methionine (M) and isoleucine (I) at amino acid positions 203 and 257 of the surface protective antigen (Spa) A protein (M203/I257 SpaA-type). To determine if current vaccines are effective against infection with this variant in pigs, one representative inactivated vaccine, SER-ME (containing E. rhusiopathiae serovar 2a), was evaluated. All vaccinated pigs survived without any apparent clinical signs after lethal challenge with the Fujisawa reference strain or the variant. This indicates that the SER-ME vaccine effectively protects pigs against the infection of E. rhusiopathiae M203/I257 SpaA-type variant. Current vaccines in Japan, including SER-ME, suggest that outbreaks in Japan are unlikely caused by vaccine failure.
Recombinant Ehrlichia canis GP19 Protein as a Promising Vaccine Prototype Providing a Protective Immune Response in a Mouse Model
Authors: Nambooppha Boondarika , Rittipornlertrak Amarin , Muenthaisong Anucha , Koonyosying Pongpisid , Chomjit Paweena , Sangkakam Kanokwan , Tangtrongsup Sahatchai , Tiwananthagorn Saruda , Sthitmatee Nattawooti
Published: July 2022

The intracellular bacterium Ehrlichia canis is the causative pathogen of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME) in dogs. Despite its veterinary and medical importance, there is currently no available vaccine against this pathogen. In this study, the recombinant GP19 (rGP19) was produced and used as a recombinant vaccine prototype in a mouse model against experimental E. canis infection. The efficacy of the rGP19 vaccine prototype in the part of stimulating B and T cell responses and conferring protection in mice later challenged with E. canis pathogen were evaluated. The rGP19-specific antibody response was evaluated by ELISA after E. canis challenge exposure (on days 0, 7, and 14 post-challenge), and demonstrated significantly higher mean antibody levels in rGP19-immunized mice compared with adjuvant-immunized and naive mice. Significantly lower ehrlichial loads in blood, liver, and spleen DNA samples were detected in the immunized mice with rGP19 by qPCR. The up-regulation of IFNG and IL1 mRNA expression were observed in mice immunized with rGP19. In addition, this study detected IFN-γ-producing memory CD4+ T cells in the rGP19-immunized mice and later infected with E. canis on day 14 post-infection period using flow cytometry. The present study provided a piece of evidence that rGP19 may eliminate E. canis by manipulating Th1 and B cell roles and demonstrated a promising strategy in vaccine development against E. canis infection in the definitive host for further study.
Skin Barrier Reinforcement Effect Assessment of a Spot-on Based on Natural Ingredients in a Dog Model of Tape Stripping
Authors: Idée Adrien , Mosca Marion , Pin Didier
Published: July 2022

Skin barrier restoration is an important part of atopic dermatitis therapy. We investigated the effect of a spot-on containing plant-based essential fatty acids and essential oils on skin barrier parameters in a dog model of acute skin barrier disruption, using five healthy beagle dogs maintained in a laboratory setting. Four test sites on the dorsum and a control site on the abdomen were defined on each dog. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and skin surface hydration (SSH) were measured before and after tape stripping on the first day and then for three consecutive days, over four consecutive weeks. The spot-on was applied at the end of each of the first three weeks. The increase in TEWL after tape stripping was reduced after the spot-on application and reached control values in Weeks 3 and 4. SSH after tape stripping was reduced in Week 4 compared with the baseline. Thus, the ATOP 7® spot-on significantly reduced acute skin barrier impairment in a dog model. The use of this product should be further evaluated as a potential treatment for skin barrier defects such as canine atopic dermatitis.
The Feasibility of Monitoring Great Plains Playa Inundation with the Sentinel 2A/B Satellites for Ecological and Hydrological Applications
Authors: Tripp Hannah L. , Crosman Erik T. , Johnson James B. , Rogers William J. , Howell Nathan L.
Published: July 2022

Playas are ecologically and hydrologically important ephemeral wetlands found in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Urbanization, changes in agricultural land use and irrigation practices, and climate change all threaten playas. While variations in playa inundation on the Great Plains of North America have been previously analyzed by satellite using annual and decadal time scales, no study to our knowledge has monitored the Great Plains playa inundation area using sub-monthly time scales. Thousands of playas smaller than ~50 m in diameter, which were not previously identified by the Landsat satellite platform, can now be captured by higher resolution satellite data. In this preliminary study, we demonstrate monitoring spatial and temporal changes in the playa water inundation area on sub-monthly times scales between September 2018 and February 2019 over a region in West Texas, USA, using 10 m spatial resolution imagery from the Sentinel-2A/B satellites. We also demonstrate the feasibility and potential benefits of using the Sentinel-2A/B satellite retrievals, in combination with precipitation and evaporation data, to monitor playas for environmental, ecological, groundwater recharge, and hydrological applications.
Smart Sharing Plan: The Key to the Water Crisis
Authors: Zhang Qinyi , Fan Mengchao , Hui Jing , Huang Haochong , Li Zijian , Zheng Zhiyuan
Published: July 2022

Over the years, the Colorado River has become inadequate for development due to natural factors and human activities. The hydroelectric facilities in Lake Mead and Lake Powell are also not fully utilized. Downstream, Mexico is also involved in the competition for water. The resulting allocation of water and electricity resources and sustainable development are hanging over our heads and waiting to be solved. In this work, a simplified Penstock Dam model and a Distance Decay model are designed based on publicly available data, and a Multi-attribute Decision model for hydropower based on the Novel Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution method is proposed. In addition, an Improved Particle Swarm Optimization model is proposed by adding oscillation parameters. The Mexican equity problem is also explored. The theoretical results show that the average error of the Penstock Dam model is 3.2%. The minimum water elevation requirements for Lake Mead and Lake Powell are 950 ft and 3460 ft, respectively; they will not meet demand in 2026 and 2027 without action, and they will require the introduction of 3.69×1010 m3 and 2.08×109 m3 water in 2027 and 2028, respectively. The solution shows that the net profit for the United States is greatest when 38.6% of the additional water is used for general purposes, 47.5% is used for power generation, and the rest flows to Mexico. A final outlook on the sustainability of the Colorado River is provided.
Recovery of Macrobenthic Food Web on Rocky Shores Following the Hebei Spirit Oil Spill as Revealed by C and N Stable Isotopes
Authors: Park Hyun Je , Kim Changseong , Kang Chang-Keun
Published: July 2022

The impact of large-scale oil spills on organisms can lead to modifications of the food web structure. To assess the effects of the Hebei Spirit oil-spill accident on the trophic structure of the macrobenthic community on intertidal rocky shores along Taean Peninsula on the western coast of Republic of Korea 4 years after the Hebei Spirit oil spill, we analyzed carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios of macrobenthic consumers and their potential food sources in two heavily oil-impacted and one non-impacted sites. The results show no significant differences in isotopic ratios of feeding groups and their potential food sources between the polluted and reference sites, suggesting similar trophic structures given similar resource use by consumers. Similar isotopic niches and substantial overlap areas of feeding groups between the affected and reference sites suggest that the oil-impacted sites have re-achieved the trophic functions of the natural ecosystem. This study provides valuable information on the ecological processes of trophic recovery in coastal ecosystems impacted by oil spills.
For certain executive action in the Penal Code
Authors: Kuzmanova Nikoleta
Published: July 2022

Numerous changes in the Penal Code over the last 30 years, which have been made at different times and for different reasons, have led to significant casuistry in the linguistic description of the executive act. The replacement of legal terminology with words from the colloquial Bulgarian language created a normative paradox – describing one and the same prohibited behavior in one or different types of crimes through synonyms from the Bulgarian language. The adoption of legislative practice for the literal reproduction of terminology from international acts and acts of European Union’s law, which are subject to introduction into criminal law, has further aggravated this problem. Overcoming it is essential for the proper application of criminal law, as it has direct connection with the differentiation of the scope of the various forms of the act. In some cases it turns out impossible even though a significant volume of interpretive activity has been done. Moreover, the inconsistent use of the same descriptions of executive acts, in view of the differences in other constituent features, also leads to different meanings of the same term in the composition of different crimes. The present study focuses only on some of these cases, grouped by the basis of their common starting point for their criminal law content – “accept – receive – acquire”; “holds – stores – carry over – ships – transports” and “transports across the border – imports – exports”.
A Case-Law Analysis of The Commercial Enterprise of The Sole Proprietor and Its Co-Relation to The Matrimonial Community Property
Authors: Mateeva Ekaterina
Published: July 2022

The present research puts the focus upon the development of case law regarding one of the fundamental aspects of matrimonial property relations of the sole proprietor (SP) whenever the statutory regime of community of property is applicable, in particular the co-relation between the matrimonial community property and the commercial enterprise of the spouse – SP. The article focuses on case law development regarding the substantive legal requirements to cancel the effect of the presumption of joint contribution pursuant to art. 21, s. 1, 3 of the Family Code 2009 concerning property rights acquired by the SP during his or her marriage to be included into his or her commercial enterprise. Special regard is attributed to the shift in recent case-law since the entry into force of the present Family Code in 2009 on the origin of money used to acquire property rights, that become personal property of the spouse-SP pursuant to art. 22, s. 3 of the Family Code. Moreover, attention is being credited to the general purpose of the requirement to include property rights into the enterprise of the spouse-SP and its significance for the acquisition of personal property pursuant to art. 22, s. 3 of the Family Code.
Professor Nikola Saranov – the Teacher and the Long-lasted Oblivion
Authors: Vuchkov Veselin
Published: July 2022

The present study presents the professional career of one of the most famous lecturers in the Law Faculty of the Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridsky” till 1944 – namely Professor Nikola Saranov (1895–1974). Under detailed consideration is his professional career and the gradual way in which he has been established as a leading lecturer of the discipline Criminal court procedure. Professor Saranov has also introduced a lecture course in Criminal studies in Bulgaria. Following the coup d’etat of 9 September 1944 he has been gradually forced to quit his lecturing at the Law Faculty. In the study under consideration are documents in support of the consequences from this act, in particular monitoring and repressions on behalf of the State Security Service almost until the death of the professor in 1974. These activities of the repressive state machine are applied also to relatives and family members of the professor. Under consideration are also the various interests of Professor Saranov in different areas, including towards the short career of a judge of the national poet Ivan Vasov in the town of Bercovitsa in the period 1879–1880, with regard to which the professor issues a study in the Yearbook of the Law Faculty of the Sofia University in 1943.
Data Protection Requirement for a Successful European Citizen’s Initiative
Authors: Yocheva Katerina
Published: July 2022

Under consideration in the present article is the legal regulation of the data protection requirement with regard to European citizen’s initiatives (ECI). The legal regulation aims to guarantee that when organising and monitoring an ECI all the involved parties – organisers, Member States and the European commission–guarantee full data protection of the supporters to the given ECI. Regarding the review of Regulation (EU) 211/2011 there is reference to a technical study made in 2017, entitled Study on data requirements for the European Citizens’ Initiative. It was made with regard to one of the major issues of ECI that concerns the level and the variety of data provision in support of a given ECI.
In vitro basophil activation test for drug hypersensitivity diagnosis
Authors:   West Kazakhstan Medical University named after M. Ospanov, Aktobe, Republic of Kazakhstan, Isanguzhina Zh. Kh. , Shilmanova A. B. ,   West Kazakhstan Medical University named after M. Ospanov, Aktobe, Republic of Kazakhstan, Nurgaliev N. M. ,   West Kazakhstan Medical University named after M. Ospanov, Aktobe, Republic of Kazakhstan, Ismambetova G. K. ,   West Kazakhstan Medical University named after M. Ospanov, Aktobe, Republic of Kazakhstan, Pukhovikova N. N. ,   West Kazakhstan Medical University named after M. Ospanov, Aktobe, Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: July 2022

According to the definition of the World Health Organization, drug allergy is one of the types of adverse reactions to drugs, and is defined as any harmful or unintended reaction that occurs in doses used for prevention, diagnosis or treatment (Astakhova A. V., 2008). In accordance with the studies data, patients with an adverse drug reaction (ADR) account for approximately 6.5 % of all hospitalizations, and the incidence of fatal ADRs is 0.32 %. This explains why drug allergy is an important clinical problem (Kostyleva M. N., 2014, Verlan N. V., Rybalko M. V., 2013). Purpose of the study: to conduct a CAST (drug intolerance test) in children with a positive result on the Naranjo scale.
Antidepressant fluvoxamine in early recovery of patients after the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19
Authors:   FSBEI CPE RMACPE of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Maksimov M. L. ,   FSAEI HE Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Zvegintseva A. A. ,   KSMA — branch of the FSBEI CPE RMACPE of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Kazan;  SAHI Republican Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan
Published: July 2022

In the context of a decrease in the infection of the population with the novel coronavirus infection, as well as a decline in the severity of the course and mortality of COVID-19 patients, the management of patients after the infection remains relevant in the conditions of the so-called «long COVID» (post-COVID syndrome). Currently, the symptom complex of post-COVID syndrome most often includes tiredness, fatigue, pain (myalgia and arthralgia), decreased physical strength and endurance, decreased performance, quality of life, and daily activities. Common mental health problems include anxiety disorders, depression and emotional stress, among other symptoms. Pharmacotherapy of post-COVID syndrome may include anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs,neurocytoprotectors, antiaggregants and anticoagulants, vitamins, and psychotropic drugs. According to various researchers, fluvoxamine is a drug that can not only have its direct psychotropic effect and be used during the early rehabilitation of patients, but also be considered in the prevention and treatment of the novelcoronavirus infection as an antiviral drug, providing anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet and immunomodulatory eff ects.
Experience in implementation of electronic technologies for the room of immunoprophylaxis
Authors:   State Healthcare Institution “Olovyanninskaya Central District Hospital”, Trans-Baikal Territory, Olovyanninskiy district, Yasnogorsk, Russia, Pravda O.P.
Published: July 2022

The purpose of the introduction of innovative technology is to improve the system and optimize the workplaces of the vaccine prevention cabinet, which will lead to the optimization of the work of nursing staff, create maximum comfort and minimum time spent in the divisions of the medical organization. Results. The work of paramedical personnel was organized according to unified algorithms at all stages of the innovation project; developed training material on the implementation of the sof tware package; evaluating the ef fectiveness of electronic technologies. Conclusion. In connection with the introduction of a software package into the work of the immunoprophylaxis cabinet, the quality of work and labor productivity of nurses has improved.
About transformational socio-cultural processes in society
Authors:   Academy of Marketing and Social and Information Technologies,  Krasnodar, Petrov I.F. , Petrova S.I. ,   Academy of Marketing and Social and Information Technologies, Krasnodar
Published: July 2022

The article is devoted to the analysis of various concepts of the transformation of society, in which “social changes” are defined primarily as changes occurring in social systems, a certain continuum of time and space. An individual comes into contact with them both during his biological growth, and in an effort to rationalize his life difficulties or organize a social career. And although each of these moments is different from the others, they are united by a quantitative and qualitative paradigm: “occurrence, increase, decrease, repetition, development”. The transition to a more developed type of society occurs with the formation of market relations and the separation of the legal system from the religious one. Hence, some trends in the transformation processes taking place in the social system today are largely an attempt to solve modern problems. These changes manifest themselves in the following forms: formation, emergence, growth, decline, disappearance, transitional periods, transformation, etc. The direction of changes in social systems is also interpreted in different ways: cyclical, linear, etc.
Violence in Art: Essays in Aesthetics and Philosophy
Authors: Barlow Amy , Hollick Jay , Lake Mackenzie , Schwartzott Amy , Singh Pankaj , Priyanka Prachi , Tong Kin-long
Published: July 2022

In celebration of both academics and artists, this volume anthologizes essays and depictions dedicated to the theme of violence in art. Introducing industry leaders and scholars from the disciplines of art, humanities, and education, these essays make a unique contribution to the aesthetic and philosophical study of violence, with commentary accompanying several never-before-seen images. This collection spotlights both all-new artists and visionary illustrators who specialize in violence and horror.
ANÁLISIS EXPERIMENTAL DE FENÓMENOS FÍSICOS MEDIANTE VIDEO ANÁLISIS
Authors: Michelena César Gustavo , Rivera Gálvez Wilson Xavier , Alvaro Santiago
Published: July 2022

El trabajo desarrollado pretende dar a conocer a los estudiantes de primer nivel de las carreras de Ingeniería, Biología, Química y Medicina de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador sede Quito, el proceso de utilización del Tracker video análisis en la realización de prácticas de laboratorio de Física. El propósito de este trabajo se fundamenta en el concepto de utilización de herramientas tecnológicas para el aprendizaje, tal como sugiere la UNESCO. El método de investigación utilizado para el estudio de los movimientos se fundamenta en la observación y registro de la trayectoria de los cuerpos de prueba. Con los resultados obtenidos, se concluye que el estudio de los fenómenos físicos utilizando herramientas tecnológicas mejora el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje.

 

Palabras clave: Tracker video análisis, herramienta tecnológica, experimentación, movimiento, trayectoria.

 

Abstract

The present work aims to let the first year students of the engineering, biology, chemistry and medicine careers at the Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador (Quito’s branch) know about the process involving the use of the Tracker-video-analysis tool for physics’ laboratory practices. The aim of this work is based on the concept of the use of technological tools for learning, as suggested by UNESCO. The research methods used for the study of the laws of movements is based on the observation and recording of the trajectory of the test bodies. With the results obtained, it is concluded that the study of physical phenomena using technological tools improves the teaching-learning study process.

 

Keywords: Tracker video analysis, Technological tool, Experimentation, Movement, Trajectory.
India's Disaster Diplomacy towards Nepal in 2015
Authors: Ginanjar Wahyu Rozzaqi
Published: July 2022

Disaster is an inevitable thing for all human beings. Very often disasters occur in certain political contexts. Disaster diplomacy is an effort of a country to improve the quality of diplomacy with other countries by utilizing disasters to open new opportunities in terms of diplomatic context. This was done by India following the massive earthquake in Nepal in 2015. India has very specific concerns related to domestic conditions in Nepal. India's concern over Nepal's domestic conditions is generally related to the issue of the Madhes movement in the Tarai region. This became a concern to India because the Madhes movement has created instability in the Tarai region that has disrupted India's economic agenda in the South Asian region. Based on this, India then encouraged a number of diplomatic efforts in the context of creating reconciliation between the Madhes and Pahadi groups who were in conflict in Nepal. The earthquake in Nepal was used by India as a catalyst to support diplomatic efforts to create a more stable domestic condition in Nepal. This article then tries to discuss the form of disaster diplomacy carried out by India towards Nepal. Using the concept of disaster diplomacy from Ian Kelman, this article illustrates India's efforts to utilize the Nepal earthquake disaster as a catalyst to improve the quality of diplomacy towards Nepal as a whole in relation to the Madhes movement. This article discovers the fact that Indian disaster diplomacy met a contrary to what was expected outcome, following the growing conflict between Madhes and Pahadi groups after the 2015 Nepal earthquake.
Upaya Peluncutan Senjata Nuklir Korea Utara Oleh Amerika Serikat 2016 - 2019
Authors: Kusuma Muhammad Jody , Putri Sylvia Octa
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa upaya pelucutan senjata nuklir Korea Utara oleh Amerika Serikat. Program nuklir Korea Utara menjadi perhatian dari Amerika Serikat sejak keluar dari Perjanjian Non Proliferasi Nuklir / Non Proliferation Treaty (NPT) pada tahun 2003. Sejak keluarnya Korea Utara dari NPT, Amerika Serikat telah melakukan berbagai upaya untuk melakukan pelucutan senjata nuklir Korea Utara. Konsep security dilemma digunakan untuk menganalisa situasi dilema yangdimiliki oleh Amerika Serikat maupun Korea Utara dalam mengambil kebijakan.

Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif. Sebagian besar data didapatkan dari hasil studi kepustakaan baik dari buku, karya ilmiah dalam bentuk lain maupun penulusuran data online.

Dalam penelitian ini diperoleh data mengenai upaya Amerika Serikat dalam pelucutan senjata nuklir Korea Utara. Amerika Serikat menggunakan kebijakan Maximum Pressure and Engagement untuk melakukan pelucutan senjata nuklir Korea Utara. Dalam kebijakan tersebut terdapat upaya pressure berupa ancaman, sanksi dan provokasi militer dan juga upaya engagement yang terdiri dari perundingan antara Amerika Serikat dan Korea Utara.
Indonesian Foreign Policy Maintaining In Maritime Security Towards China’s New Silk Road
Authors: Butun Gizem , Yani Yanyan Mochamad , Bainus Arry
Published: July 2022

Indonesian Maritime Domain has overlapping area with one of the immense project which is China’s New Silk Road. Thus, with providing opportunities such as financial loans and infrastructure investment which are essential to realize the appealing policy of Joko Widodo’s, Global Maritime Fulcrum. However, this project  doesn’t  seem without  implications  for Indonesian Maritime Security given current unsolved problems, South China Sea Dispute, IUU fishing and Natuna island. Indonesian Foreign Policy has always been on one of the main policy which is Free and Active. Also, internal and external factors such as anti-Chinese sentiment and US-China rivalry have been determinative for Joko Widodo’s Policy as well. The researcher used the Qualitative research method with an explanatory approach in conducting the research and processing the data. The primary data document directly from ministries as an official statement and speech of leaders. Secondary data, written and visual sources such as scientific books or journals, archival sources, personal documents, internet sources, other official documents. This research concluded that Indonesian Foreign Policy is crucial in order to obtain benefits while reducing implications. Therefore, this research sought to establish how Indonesian Foreign Policy has been managing China’s New Silk Road to maintain Maritime Security of Indonesia.  

 Keywords : Foreign Policy, Maritime Security, Silk Road
Peran 88rising Dalam Membantu Artis Asia Memasuki Dunia Musik Global: Studi Kekuatan Perusahaan Transnasional
Authors: Hasanah Daniar Uswatun , Hulwatulqisthi Hulwatulqisthi , Nashrullah Muhammad Ariq
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini akan membahas mengenai peran 88rising sebagai transnational corporation yang bergerak di bidang musik dimana 88rising merupakan independent music labels yang membawa artis-artis Asia untuk memasuki kancah dunia musik global. Tujuan utama dari artikel ini adalah untuk memahami dan juga menjabarkan mengenai peran 88rising sebagai transnational corporation dalam membantu artis Asia memasuki kancah dunia musik global. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori globalisasi dan juga transnasionalisme dengan metode penelitian kualitatif. Pencarian data dilakukan dengan menggunakan observasi data sekunder yaitu yang bersumber dari buku, berita online, laporan serta artikel jurnal yang mendukung penelitian ini. Maka dari itu setelah melalui riset dan pembahasan yang penulis lakukan, ditemukan bahwa 88rising sebagai transnational corporation memiliki peran besar dalam membawa artis Asia memasuki kancah musik global. Hal ini merupakan suatu prestasi luar biasa mengingat 88rising merupakan independent music labels yang baru berdiri, dan juga bersaing dengan record label besar lainnya yang juga merupakan transnational corporation.