bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Daily tea drinking is not associated with newly diagnosed non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Chinese adults: the Tianjin chronic low-grade systemic inflammation and health cohort study
Authors: Xia Yang , Wang Xuena , Zhang Shunmin , Zhang Qing , Liu Li , Meng Ge , Wu Hongmei , Bao Xue , Gu Yeqing , Sun Shaomei , Wang Xing , Zhou Ming , Jia Qiyu , Song Kun , Wu Qijun , Niu Kaijun , Zhao Yuhong
Published: November 2019

Background

Previous studies have reported that tea extract supplementation has potential benefits on the risk factors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, no study has investigated the direct effect of daily tea consumption on the prevalence of NAFLD in the general population. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the associations between tea consumption and the prevalence of newly diagnosed NAFLD among Chinese adults.

Methods

The present cross-sectional study was based on the Tianjin Chronic Low-grade Systemic Inflammation and Health Cohort Study. In total, 19,350 participants were enrolled in the analyses. Tea consumption was assessed via a self-administered food frequency questionnaire. NAFLD was diagnosed via liver ultrasonography and no history of heavy alcohol intake. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the associations between tea consumption and the prevalence of NAFLD.

Results

Consumption of green tea, oolong tea, and black tea were positively associated with the prevalence of newly diagnosed NAFLD before adjustments. Compared with the participants who never drink tea, the odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of newly diagnosed NAFLD in the highest categories (≥ 1 cup/day) of green tea, oolong tea, black tea, and jasmine tea were 1.48 (1.33, 1.65), 1.50 (1.33, 1.68), and 1.28 (1.13, 1.46), and 1.36 (1.20, 1.54) before adjustments, respectively. However, no significant association was found between tea consumption and the prevalence of NAFLD after adjusting for socio-demographic, behavioural, anthropometric, dietary, and clinical confounding factors.

Conclusion

There is no significant association between daily tea drinking and newly-diagnosed NAFLD in general Chinese adults.
Three-dimensional kinematic change of hindfoot during full weightbearing in standing: an analysis using upright computed tomography and 3D-3D surface registration
Authors: Kaneda Kazuya , Harato Kengo , Oki Satoshi , Ota Tomohiko , Yamada Yoshitake , Yamada Minoru , Matsumoto Morio , Nakamura Masaya , Nagura Takeo , Jinzaki Masahiro
Published: November 2019

Background

Weightbearing of the hindfoot affects positional changes of the ankle joint and subtalar joint (ankle-joint complex [AJC]). However, it is difficult to assess the kinematic changes in the hindfoot in a natural full weightbearing condition using conventional CT or cone beam computed tomography (CT) due to limitations of acquiring foot images under a physiological weightbearing condition using those imaging modalities. Analysis of AJC kinematics using fluoroscopy and 2D-3D registration technique requires data on the number of steps and amount of time to build and match the bones. This study aimed to analyze the effect of full weightbearing on hindfoot motion when standing using upright CT and 3D-3D surface registration.

Methods

Forty-eight AJCs of 24 asymptomatic volunteers (13 women, 11 men) were examined under no weightbearing, 50% weightbearing, and single leg full weightbearing conditions while standing. The CT images were acquired from the distal femur to the whole foot using a 320-row upright CT scanner. The condition of each weightbearing stance was measured using a pressure mat. Bone-to-bone rotations of the talus relative to the tibia and calcaneus relative to the talus were evaluated using the surface registration technique. Image quality of the CT and intra- and interobserver reliabilities of the rotation angle were also evaluated.

Results

All CT images were excellent or good quality and the intra- and interobserver correlation coefficients for the angle were 0.996 and 0.995, respectively. The motion of the ankle joint and subtalar joint under 50% and 100% weightbearing were as follows (in degrees); the talus plantarflexed (5.1 ± 4.5 and 6.8 ± 4.8), inverted (1.3 ± 1.4 and 2.0 ± 1.6), and internally rotated (2.4 ± 4.2 and 4.3 ± 4.6) relative to the tibia, and the calcaneus dorsiflexed (2.8 ± 1.4 and 3.8 ± 1.7), everted (5.3 ± 2.6 and 8.0 ± 3.6), and externally rotated (3.0 ± 2.0 and 4.1 ± 2.4) relative to the talus, respectively.

Conclusions

The effect of weightbearing was clearly identified using an upright CT and the 3D-3D registration technique. Three-dimensional kinematics under static full weightbearing were opposite between the ankle and subtalar joints on their respective axes.
An overview of systematic reviews of economic evaluations of pharmacy-based public health interventions: addressing methodological challenges
Authors: Costa Suzete , Cary Maria , Helling Dennis K. , Pereira João , Mateus Céu
Published: November 2019

Background

Pharmacy interventions are a subset of public health interventions and its research is usually performed within the scope of a trial. The economic evaluation of pharmacy interventions requires certain considerations which have some similarities to those of public health interventions and to economic evaluations alongside trials. The objective of this research is to perform an overview of systematic reviews of economic evaluations of pharmacy services and triangulate results with recommendations for economic evaluations of both public health interventions and alongside trials.

Methods

(1) Exploratory review of recommendations on the economic evaluation of public health interventions, (2) exploratory review of recommendations for conducting economic evaluations alongside trials, (3) overview of systematic reviews of economic evaluations of pharmacy interventions (protocol registered with PROSPERO 2016 outlining information sources, inclusion criteria, appraisal of reviews and synthesis methods).

Results

Fourteen systematic reviews containing 75 index publications were included. Reviews reported favorable economic findings for 71% of studies with full economic evaluations. The types of economic analysis are diverse. Two critical quality domains are absent from most reviews. Key findings include the following: certain types of risk of bias, wider scope of study designs, and most economic quality criteria met but some issues unresolved or unclear. Triangulation revealed additional gaps. Limitations include choice of critical quality domains and potential biases in the overview process.

Conclusions

Economic evaluations of pharmacy-based public health interventions seem to follow most economic quality criteria, but there are still some issues in certain key areas to improve. These findings may assist in improving the design of pilot trials of economic evaluations in pharmacy, leading to robust evidence for payers. Based on the findings, we propose a methodological approach for the economic evaluation of pharmacy-based public health interventions.

Systematic review registration

PROSPEROCRD42016032768
An overview of systematic reviews of complementary and alternative therapies for infantile colic
Authors: Perry Rachel , Leach Verity , Penfold Chris , Davies Philippa
Published: November 2019

Background

Infantile colic is a distressing condition characterised by excessive crying in the first few months of life. The aim of this research was to update the synthesis of evidence of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) research literature on infantile colic and establish what evidence is currently available.

Methods

Medline, Embase and AMED (via Ovid), Web of Science and Central via Cochrane library were searched from their inception to September 2018. Google Scholar and OpenGrey were searched for grey literature and PROSPERO for ongoing reviews. Published systematic reviews that included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of infants aged up to 1 year, diagnosed with infantile colic using standard diagnostic criteria, were eligible. Reviews of RCTs that assessed the effectiveness of any individual CAM therapy were included. Three reviewers were involved in data extraction and quality assessment using the AMSTAR-2 scale and risk of bias using the ROBIS tool.

Results

Sixteen systematic reviews were identified. Probiotics, fennel extract and spinal manipulation show promise to alleviate symptoms of colic, although some concerns remain. Acupuncture and soy are currently not recommended. The majority of the reviews were assessed as having high or unclear risk of bias and low confidence in the findings.

Conclusion

There is clearly a need for larger and more methodologically sound RCTs to be conducted on the effectiveness of some CAM therapies for IC. Particular focus on probiotics in non-breastfed infants is pertinent.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO: CRD42018092966.
Functional recovery with peripheral nerve block versus general anesthesia for upper limb surgery: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Héroux Jennifer , Belley-Côté Emilie , Echavé Pablo , Loignon Marie-Josée , Bessette Pierre-Olivier , Patenaude Nicolas , Baillargeon Jean-Patrice , D’Aragon Frédérick
Published: November 2019

Background

Peripheral nerve block is a single injection that inhibits the transmission of peripheral nerve impulses to the central nervous system. The inhibition of the nociceptive impulse may decrease the occurrence of muscle spasm following mobilization postoperatively. This mechanism may contribute to a better functional recovery following upper limb surgery. This systematic review will investigate the impact of peripheral nerve block on functional recovery after an upper limb surgery.

Methods

We will search studies comparing peripheral nerve block to general anesthesia for upper limb surgery in the following databases: CENTRAL, MEDLINE (Ovid), CINAHL, EMBASE, and Scopus. In duplicate, independent reviewers will assess eligibility, evaluate risk of bias, and abstract data on type of peripheral nerve block and functional outcome. Where possible, we will pool results using a random effects model. For each outcome, we will assess the quality of evidence using GRADE methodology.

Discussion

We aim to summarize the available evidence comparing functional recovery with peripheral nerve block versus general anesthesia for upper limb surgery. These data will inform the design of a trial on the topic.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO CRD42018116298
Incidence, deaths, and lifetime costs of injury among American Indians and Alaska Natives
Authors: Honeycutt Amanda A. , Khavjou Olga , Neuwahl Simon J. , King Grant A. , Anderson Meredith , Lorden Andrea , Reed Michael
Published: November 2019

Background

In the United States, the mortality burden of injury is higher among American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/AN) than any other racial/ethnic group, and injury contributes to considerable medical costs, years of potential life lost (YPLL), and productivity loss among AI/AN.

This study assessed the economic burden of injuries for AI/AN who are eligible for services through Indian Health Service, analyzing direct medical costs of injury for Indian Health Service’s users and years of potential life lost (YPLL) and the value of productivity losses from injury deaths for AI/AN in the Indian Health Service population.

Methods

Injury-related lifetime medical costs were estimated for Indian Health Service users with medically treated injuries using data from the 2011–2015 National Data Warehouse. Productivity costs and YPLL were estimated using data on injury-related deaths among AI/AN in Indian Health Service’s 2008–2010 service population. Costs were reported in 2017 U.S. dollars.

Results

The total estimated costs of injuries per year, including injuries among Indian Health Service users and productivity losses from injury-related deaths, were estimated at $4.5 billion. Lifetime medical costs to treat annual injuries among Indian Health Service users were estimated at $549 million, with the largest share ($131 million) going toward falls, the most frequent injury cause. Total estimated YPLL from AI/AN injury deaths in Indian Health Service’s service population were 106,400. YPLL from injury deaths for men (74,000) were 2.2 times YPLL for women (33,000). Productivity losses from all injury-related deaths were $3.9 billion per year. The highest combined lifetime medical and mortality costs were for motor vehicle/traffic injuries, with an estimated cost of $1.6 billion per year.

Conclusions

Findings suggest that targeted injury prevention efforts by Indian Health Service likely contributed to lower rates of injury among AI/AN, particularly for motor vehicle/traffic injuries. However, because of remaining disparities in injury-related outcomes between AI/AN and all races in the United States, Indian Health Service should continue to monitor changes in injury incidence and costs over time, evaluate the impacts of previous injury prevention investments on current incidence and costs, and identify additional injury prevention investment needs.
A novel method for internal fixation of basal fifth metatarsal fracture in athletes: a cadaveric study of the F.E.R.I. technique (Fifth metatarsal, Extra-portal, Rigid, Innovative)
Authors: D’Hooghe Pieter , Caravelli Silvio , Massimi Simone , Calder James , Dzendrowskyj Peter , Zaffagnini Stefano
Published: November 2019

Purpose

One of the main problems of Kirschner wire fixation of fifth metatarsal base fractures (in combination with a tension band wiring technique) seems to be hardware intolerance and several studies in athletes also report failure after isolated fixation with a screw only. These reports prompted us to look at new materials and a novel technique through fixation with an intramedullary screw combined with a high-resistance suture via the presented F.E.R.I. (Fifth metatarsal, Extra-portal, Rigid, Innovative) technique.

Methods

This cadaveric study describes F.E.R.I. technique. On a cadaver, through two mini portals, a full reduction and solid internal fixation with an intramedullary screw and suture cerclage with Fiberwire of a fifth metatarsal base fracture is achieved. In this article, the cadaveric study and proposed surgical technique are explained and illustrated step by step.

Results

The presented internal fixation F.E.R.I. technique is indicated in acute proximal fractures, stress fractures or non-union of metatarsal 5 (Zone 2–3 by Lawrence and Botte) and it resulted feasible and stable during manual stress test. The authors intend to study this technique in the clinical setting in the near future.

Conclusions

Fifth metatarsal base fractures gain specific interest when occurring in athletes. In this group of patients, internal fixation is often required to obtain a satisfactory outcome and time to return to play. The aim of the presented cadaveric study is to illustrate an innovative concept of internal fixation, named F.E.R.I.
Work as creativity. Mosaic of observations, quotes, conclusions
Authors: Харченко Вера , Kharchenko Vera
Published: November 2019

Reveals a variety of secrets to improve the quality of work, self-education, relationships. They are taken from literary texts, family genealogies, oral histories, folklore manuals, journalistic notes and casual observations. The book aims to be more attentive to what life offers in its not always scientific forms. Addressed to a wide range of readers.
"Changing the guard": personnel reserve of Central Asian elite communities
Authors: Осинина Дарья , Osinina Darya
Published: November 2019

Central Asia is a region included in the circle of geopolitical interests of Russia, the importance of which is due to the long period of joint statehood. However, over the years of independence, the Central Asian States have significantly diversified their foreign policy guidelines: China, the United States, Turkey, and European States have "come" to the region. The interest of external players in the Central Asian republics increased after the transit of power in Kazakhstan started in March 2019. In the context of the above, Russia, as well as other players in the region, it is important to understand with whom it will work in the near future, who will become or has already become part of the political and economic elite, what are the ideological orientations of the young generation of the elite community of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan.
Accordingly, in the light of the intensification of political processes in the region, the analysis of the personnel reserve of the Central Asian elite communities, its composition, resource potential and worldview becomes particularly relevant.
For students and teachers, as well as all those interested in the problems of international relations.
Team Management: Understanding Conflict
Authors: Belova O. , Kozhevnikova L. , Lukyanova Tatyana
Published: November 2019

The article analyzes the conceptual and terminological problems of modern Russian management in the fi eld of team building. Based on a study of a fairly wide range of sources, the authors concluded that the diff erence in understanding the essence of the concept “team” is an obstacle to the development of effective use of the idea of team management. The article identifi es three main types of use of command ideas in modern practice: a team as a form of work organization, a team as a form of corporate culture, and a team as a private form of team work. The proposed classifi cation allows you to make more efficient organizational processes, to form the correct expectations of the staff and optimize the technology of implementing the principles of team management.
Innovative Personnel-Technology As an Effective Tool of Management Interaction
Authors: Basova E.
Published: November 2019

Coaching is considered as an innovative personnel-technology aimed at improving and increasing the efficiency of managerial competencies at all levels of interaction. The author developed the stages of implementation of coaching in the company using the GROW model; determined the eff ectiveness of coaching using various forms of implementation; identifi ed the conditions for the development of coaching in the Russian practice and its limiting factors.
Treatment and Valorization of Leachates from Controlled Landfills by Composting the Fermentable Fraction of Household and Assimilated Waste
Authors: Bahloul Abdelmejid , Charkaoui Hicham , Benbouya Mustapha , El Ass Khalid , Kitane Said , El Hajjaji Souad , El Midaoui Azzeddine
Published: November 2019

Leachate generated by urban waste is one of the significant constraints of landfill management. Because of their pollutant load, it poses a threat to the environment and human health. It is, therefore, imperative to contribute to its elimination. This work consists in proposing a reliable and feasible solution based on an integrated research and development approach that respects the concept of 3R (reduction, recycling and reuse). The solution is to use leachate instead of water in the composting process of the organic fraction of household waste. A platform was built on the site of the Mohammedia landfill, located near the city of Rabat, the Moroccan capital, to conduct an experimental study on 30 tons of household and similar waste (HAW). The sorting operation allowed to separate the fermentable fraction of 58.26%. Leachate stored on-site was used for composting. The results found that the composting process caused the consumption of about 8.1 m3 of leachate and the production of 5.85 tons of compost at 9% moisture.
Transformation of residual biomass into adsorbent materials: Applications to treatment of liquid effluents
Authors: Glissi Samia , Tarbaoui Meriem , Makouki Laila , Legrouri Khadija , Hannache Hassan , Fenineche Noureddine , Oumam Mina
Published: November 2019

In this work, some adsorbent materials were prepared from residual biomass, which constitutes a real hazard for the environment and human health. So, in order to valorize this vegetal resource, a process of transformation was studied. The residual biomass was turned into adsorbent materials under the effect of chemical activation with phosphoric acid which allows the development of a large pore in the activated materials. The optimization of the conditions for the elaboration of our adsorbents was realized by experimental design by evaluating some parameters (percentage of phosphoric acid, temperature and time of activation) and their effects on the responses (capacity of adsorption of methylene blue, adsorbent yield), these parameters were selected after a screening study. The activation of our residual biomass was effected with 60% of phosphoric acid in 225Â°C while 115 min. The studied biomass was characterized by different physic-chemical methods (Differential Thermal Analysis /Thermogravimetric Analysis (DTA/TGA), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Raman and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)); the results of characterization show the presence of the excellent textural and structural properties. The application of the best adsorbent in the removal of textile dyes (methylene blue) from aqueous solutions was studied. The impact of various parameters such as contact time, pH and concentration on the removal was evaluated by batch method. The adsorption isotherms were studied using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Langmuir isotherm provided the best fit to the equilibrium data with a correlation coefficient equal to 0.998. This result shows the presence of monolayer adsorption. The experiments demonstrated that the removal of methylene blue followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The correlation coefficient is consistent and equal to unity, and the experimental qe value (44.17) was agreed with the calculated qe value (45.45) of pseudo-second-order then the value of pseudo-first-order which confirm a chemisorption process. The obtained results revealed that the elaborated material is an effective adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue.
Synthesis of amide-spacered dimers of ursolic and oleanolic acid
Authors: Hoenke Sophie , Wiengarn Isabell , Serbian Immo , Al-Harrasi Ahmed , Csuk René
Published: November 2019

Transdermal therapeutic systems can release drug substances slowly and in a controlled manner from a drug depot. To provide a slow-release form of ursolic and oleanolic acid amide-spacered dimers were synthesized from the parent acids and diamines of variable chain lengths. These dimers were assayed in sulforhodamine B (SRB) assays for their cytotoxicity since as a pre-requisite for their use in slow-release forms these substances must not exert any unfavorable side-effects such as cytotoxicity. As a result of long term incubation up to 96 hours, none of these compounds showed any significant cytotoxicity in sulforhodamine B assays.
Unexpected cytotoxicity of a triisopropylsilylated syringaldehyde derived cinnamic acid amide
Authors: Weber Björn A , Wolfram Ratna Kancana , Hoenke Sophie , Fischer Lucie , Al-Harrasi Ahmed , Csuk René
Published: November 2019

A small series of substituted cinnamic acid amides was prepared and screened for their cytotoxic activity. As a rather astonishing and unprecedented result, compound 5 holding a triisopropylsilyl (TIPS) protecting group at position 4 of the aromatic ring was highly cytotoxic (EC50 = 3.2 mM for HT29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells) while analogs with a methoxy or hydroxyl group at this position were of low cytotoxicity or not cytotoxic at all.
Organic Semiconductivity and Photovoltaism: Concepts and applications
Authors: Hamham Soufiyan , Cherqaoui Abdelouahed , Belaaouad Said , Naimi Youssef
Published: November 2019

This work has for the objective, the theoretical explanation of the semi-conduction mechanisms as well as the photovoltaism in molecular organic materials by the creation of excitons and the transfer of Ï€ electrons of a donor (P3HT) to an acceptor (PCBM). In focusing on the broad technological applications of the molecular optoelectronic phenomena, this will provide the capital importance of the molecular electronic as a scientific and technical revolution which extends from the energy, has medicine up to the areas confusing nanotechnology and quantum electronics.
PROTÉGER LA VEUVE ET L’ORPHELIN
Authors: Armani Sabine
Published: November 2019

L’étude a pour but de montrer que l’inscription de Cabeça Boa, récemment publiée, s’inscrit dans une série de témoignages dans la péninsule Ibérique et au-delà, qui permettent de repérer une triade de parents (le neveu, son oncle et sa mère), identifiée par les anthropologues comme l’ « atome de parenté », nécessaire à la reproduction de toute société. Dans certaines circonstances familiales, comme le décès prématuré d’un père, l’oncle maternel (auunculus) pouvait être amené à tenir une place particulière dont l’épigraphie funéraire nous renvoie plus facilement l’écho, sans que l’on ait besoin de conclure à la prépondérance de la branche maternelle sur la branche paternelle.
DA CAPITAL DA LUSITÂNIA A BRACARA AUGUSTA PELA SERRA DA ESTRELA
Authors: Mantas Vasco Gil
Published: November 2019

Os resultados recentes da investigação sobre a rede viária romana no interior da Lusitânia sugerem nova análise sobre o itinerário Mérida-Braga, em especial na sua relação com a Serra da Estrela. A construção da ponte de Alcântara contribuiu para alterar um esquema viário em que o principal acesso à Serra se fazia a partir da via Emerita-Asturica, situando-se a ponte no cenário de promoção das civitates da região como factor determinante do desenvolvimento de uma densa rede viária centrada no eixo Mérida-Alcântara-Braga.
LATINIDAD, ONOMÁSTICA E INTEGRACIÓN JURÍDICA EN EL INTERIOR DE LUSITANIA
Authors: Martín Enrique Paredes
Published: November 2019

Proponemos en estas páginas un estudio acerca de la realidad social, jurídica e institucional reflejada en un epígrafe procedente de Teixoso (Covilhã, Castelo Branco). Esta inscripción nos permitirá acercarnos a los medios de adaptación de las élites indígenas lusitanas a los modelos institucionales romanos extendidos gracias a la latinización flavia, que tendrían por resultado la conformación de unas nuevas élites locales de tipo municipal en esta zona centro-norte de la antigua provincia Ulterior Lusitania. Así, veremos a través de este testimonio cómo desde un punto de vista jurídico y administrativo el ius Latii sancionó y garantizó la adaptación de las élites peregrinas a una nueva realidad constitucional, manteniendo a la vez un amplio respeto por la tradición preexistente
Excessive proliferation of new dinoflagellate generic names: the case of Torquentidium (Ceratoperidiniaceae, Dinophyceae)
Authors: Gomez Fernando
Published: November 2019

New genera of unarmoured dinoflagellates represented by a single or very few species have largely increased in the last two decades. An example is the new genus name
Torquentidium H.H. Shin, Z. Li, K.W. Lee & Matsuoka 2019 (Shin
et al.,
Eur. J. Phycol. 54: 249-262) recently proposed for species that were transferred into
Pseliodinium in 2018. The SSU- and LSU rRNA gene sequences of the type species of
Pseliodinium and
Torquentidium only differed by 0.3% and 2%, respectively, and they clustered together as a monophyletic group with high support. Based on these tree topologies and/or the sequence divergences, each dinoflagellate species would be classified in its own genus. The morphological character proposed to distinguish
Pseliodinium and
Torquentidium is that the cingulum encircled the cell 1 and 1.5 times, respectively. This kind of arbitrary numeric morphometric character, proposed one century ago, is currently considered invalid for the generic split of unarmoured dinoflagellates. For example,
Polykrikos geminatum (with ~1.5 cingular turns) clusters between species of
Polykrikos (1 turn). Within the Ceratoperidiniaceae, the arrangement of the amphiesmal vesicles in apical structure complex was used for distinction at the genus level (i.e.,
Kirithra), while this character is identical for
Pseliodinium and
Torquentidium. For the first time, an unarmoured dinoflagellate genus contains species with smooth cell covering (
T. convolutum,
T. helix) and species with longitudinal striae (
T. pirum). However, the original description as
Gymnodinium pirum in 1895 erroneously illustrated two distinct species, and since then nobody has ever reported surface markings in
T. pirum. The morphological and molecular criteria used for the split of
Torquentidium from
Pseliodinium are unsupported, contributing to the excessive proliferation of monotypic genera.
Torquentidium pirum and
T. convolutum are synonyms, and
Torquentidium is a superfluous generic name and junior synonym of
Pseliodinium.
Los epígrafes delatores
Authors: Butti Enrique , Welschen Fabricio
Published: November 2019

En el presente artículo se indagará en la operatividad y los alcances que tienen los epígrafes en algunos de los cuentos del escritor estadounidense Edgar Allan Poe. De este modo, se focalizará en aquellos cuentos en los que los epígrafes operan en función de anticipar el desenlace de la trama así comotambién en aquellos otros en los que estos paratextos direccionalizan la lectura hacia una determinada interpretación
Prólogo convivial para Roberto Fernández Retamar
Authors: Crolla Adriana
Published: November 2019

«Prólogo convivial para Roberto Fernández Retamar». El hilo de la fábula. Revista anual del Centro de Estudios Comparados (19), 221–224.
Una introducción a la historia del conocimiento
Authors: Levrand Norma E.
Published: November 2019

trad. M.G. Ubaldini

Buenos Aires: Siglo VeintiunoEditores, 2017.
La teoría de las relaciones internacionales en la encrucijada: entre el tercer y el cuarto debate
Authors: Calduch Cervera Rafael
Published: November 2019

El tercer debate teórico en las relaciones internacionales entre los positivistas, especialmente los neorrealistas, y los autores críticos postpositivistas, trató de ser superado por el constructivismo. Sin embargo, en este debate se ignoraron las aportaciones de la corriente científica y del internacionalismo sociológico, que han demostrado un mayor rigor metodológico y amplitud explicativa de los temas dominantes en la sociedad internacional. Por ese motivo se plantea la necesidad de abrir el cuarto debate para lograr que esta ciencia siga siendo progresiva evitando así el riesgo de su irrelevancia a largo plazo.
El liberalismo en la teoría de relaciones internacionales: su presencia en la Escuela Española
Authors: Abad Quintanal Gracia
Published: November 2019

El liberalismo, una de las primeras aproximaciones teóricas al estudio de las Relaciones Internacionales tiene, por esa razón, una larga trayectoria a lo largo de la cual se ha subdividido en diferentes aproximaciones.En el caso español resulta interesante constatar cómo son prácticamente inexistentes autores que se reclamen como cultivadores del liberalismo, en buena medida por la evolución del estudio de la disciplina en España, muy diferente de la que se produce en el contexto anglosajón. Sin embargo es innegable la existencia de coincidencias con distintas corrientes liberales tanto en el enfoque como en las cuestiones estudiadas por algunos académicos españoles.Por lo demás, cabe destacar que la Escuela Española de Relaciones Internacionales ha sido en muchas ocasiones pionera tanto en términos metodológicos como en la inclusión de algunas cuestiones en el objeto de estudio de las relaciones internacionales.
Los estudios críticos en las relaciones internacionales en España
Authors: Caballero Sergio
Published: November 2019

En este trabajo se aborda el estado de los estudios críticos en la disciplina de relaciones internacionales en España. Después de explicar las especificidades teóricas y razón de ser de su surgimiento en el marco de los debates académicos dentro de la disciplina, se entra con mayor profundidad en la naturaleza y desafíos abordados por estos estudios críticos. A continuación, se presenta un mapa de autores y temáticas para entender la actual agenda de investigación de los estudios críticos circunscrito a la academia española. Se cierra el documento con los desafíos y potencialidades derivados de la eclosión de estos estudios en las universidades españolas.
La Agenda 2030 en Iberoamérica: visión y misión desde el ámbito local
Authors: López Pagán Juana
Published: November 2019

Los Gobiernos locales y las asociaciones que los representan han participado activamente en el diseño de la nueva Agenda 2030 de Desarrollo Sostenible y de la Nueva Agenda Urbana (NAU). Ambas agendas muestran la importancia que ostentan los Gobiernos locales y regionales para garantizar una implementación efectiva de los objetivos propuestos. El caso de Iberoamérica es especialmente relevante. La consecución de dichas agendas internacionales necesita de un nuevo enfoque de colaboración de gobernanza abierta multinivel, en el cual el diálogo y la complementariedad de los diferentes niveles de Gobierno (central, regional y local) sea constante y constructivo y donde las interacciones entre el sector público, el sector privado, la academia, la sociedad civil y la propia ciudadanía sean regulares y fluidas. En este sentido, tres de los ODS son considerados particularmente relevantes: el ODS 11, que hace referencia a las ciudades sostenibles, el ODS 16, que aboga por la creación de instituciones eficaces, responsables e inclusivas y el ODS 17, que llama a la creación y revitalización de alianzas entre los mencionados actores para alcanzar los objetivos de manera eficaz.
De Hispania a la crisis económica: pasado y presente de la imagen de España en el exterior
Authors: Martínez Romera José Pablo
Published: November 2019

Aunque la Hispania romana ya proyectaba retazos conductuales propios, la imagen de España se consolidó a mediados del pasado milenio en torno a una serie de rasgos propios de la potencia hegemónica que llegó a ser en aquella época. Desde entonces, su imagen siempre ha girado en torno a dos arquetipos básicos y antagónicos, el ilustrado y el romántico, lo que ha generado percepciones intensas y contradictorias. No obstante, a finales del siglo XX, la imagen ya era homologable a la del resto de países occidentales. En los primeros años del siglo XXI, la imagen de España ha estado notablemente influenciada por la crisis económica, aunque siempre ha permanecido entre los veinte países con una mejor reputación. La valoración de España es especialmente elevada en ámbitos relacionados con el entretenimiento y la cultura, y más baja en aquellos vinculados a la economía y la tecnología.
Pemodelan Peningkatan Kualitas Air Sungai melalui Variasi Debit Suplesi
Authors: Rezagama Arya , Sarminingsih Anik , Rahmadani Ajeng Yasinta , Aini Afifah Nadya
Published: November 2019

Kualitas air sungai sangat dipengaruhi oleh besarnya debit yang mengalir serta kondisi kualitas air pada kawasan hulu. Sungai Pepe merupakan saluran penggelontor kota Surakarta yang diharapkan dapat difungsikan menjadi area wisata. Namun kualitas air Sungai tersebut termasuk dalam golongan IV atau tidak sesuai dengan peruntukannya. Limbah domestik dan industri UKM yang masuk ke sungai serta rendahnya baseflow sungai menjadi penyebabnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memodelkan kualitas air Sungai Pepe dengan melakukan variasi suplesi debit dari Sungai Anyar sehingga kualitas air Sungai Pepe menjadi lebih baik. Simulasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan model Qual2Kw. Pengukuran kualitas air eksisting dilakukan pada 6 titik pengambilan sampel. Variasi debit suplesi yang digunakan meliputi kondisi eksisting, suplesi 0,5 m3/s dan 1 m3/s. Debit suplesi ke Sungai Pepe Hilir dapat di atur melalui pintu air di Sungai Anyar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas air secara umum menjadi lebih baik sepanjang ruas sungai. Parameter DO dan COD membaik menunjukkan kemampuan areasi yang membaik akibat hidrodinamika aliran sungai. Adanya pencampuran limbah tekstil pada anak sungai masih menjadi parameter yang dominan dalam penurunan kualitas air sungai.
Ultramatricial algebras over commutative chain semirings and application to MV-algebras
Authors: Di Nola Antonio , Lenzi Giacomo , Nam Tran Giang
Published: November 2019

In this paper, we give a complete description of strongly projective semimodules over a semiring which is a finite direct product of matrix semirings over commutative chain semirings. We then classify ultramatricial algebras over commutative chain semirings by their ordered

SK
0

{\mathrm{SK}_{0}}

-groups. Consequently, we get that there is a one-one correspondence between isomorphism classes of ultramatricial algebras A whose

SK
0

⁢

(
A
)

{\mathrm{SK}_{0}(A)}

is lattice-ordered over a given commutative chain semiring and isomorphism classes of countable MV-algebras.
Signal Processing Criteria Based on Electro-Optic Filters for Fiber Optic Access Transceiver Systems
Authors: Amiri IS , Rashed Ahmed Nabih Zaki
Published: November 2019

The study outlines the different types of electro-optic filters that are used in fiber optic access transceiver systems. These filters are classified into the electrical filter in the receiver side and optical filters are located between fiber optic and transmitter. The optical filters are, namely, Fabry Perot, Gaussian, and Bessel filters. While electrical filters that are namely low pass Bessel, low pass Gaussian, and low pass squared raised cosine roll-off filters. The study emphasizes the important criteria in the employment of electro-optic filters in this system for signal fast processing. The Fabry Perot optical filters in addition to low pass squared raised cosine roll-off filters are clarified the best-obtained results in the comparison with other proposed filters.
Revision des Internationalen Einheitensystems (SI)
Authors: Bosse Harald
Published: November 2019

Aufgrund der im bisherigen Internationalen Einheitensystem (SI) vorhandenen Limitierungen durch Materialabhängigkeiten der Definitionen einiger Basiseinheiten wurde eine Revision des SI vorgeschlagen und verabschiedet, die am 20. Mai 2019 in Kraft trat. Diese folgt dem Beispiel der Definition der Längeneinheit von 1983, nämlich der Definition einer Einheit durch die Festlegung des numerischen Wertes einer Naturkonstanten – ohne Unsicherheit. Im Fall der Längeneinheit war dies der Wert der Lichtgeschwindigkeit im Vakuum:

c
=
299

792

458

m
/
s

c=299\hspace{0.1667em}792\hspace{0.1667em}458\hspace{0.1667em}\text{m}/\text{s}

. Im Beitrag wird kurz auf die Hintergründe der Revision des SI eingegangen. Insbesondere wird aufgezeigt, wie Fortschritte in der Präzisionsfertigung und der dimensionellen Präzisionsmetrologie es ermöglichten, eine für die Revision hinreichende Übereinstimmung verschiedener Experimente mit den geforderten Messunsicherheiten für die definierenden Konstanten h,

N

A

{N_{A}}

, k und e zu erreichen. Das neue SI bietet ein höheres Maß an Konsistenz in den Definitionen sowie an Flexibilität in der Realisierung und Weitergabe der Einheiten mit größtmöglicher Kontinuität zum bisherigen SI. Es wird zudem auf die Überarbeitung der mise en pratique für den Meter im Rahmen der Revision des SI eingegangen, welche das kristalline Silicium-Gitter als sekundäre Realisierung des Meters für Messungen im Nanometerbereich beinhaltet.
Chronic subdural hematoma (CSH) is still an important clinical problem. Analysis of 700 consecutive patients
Authors: Kotwica Zbigniew , Saracen Agnieszka , Dziuba Ireneusz
Published: November 2019

Background

Chronic subdural hematoma (CSH) is still an important neurosurgical problem and the number of patients increases despite the progress in early diagnosis of cerebral lesions.

Methodology

We analyzed a group of 700 consecutive patients treated in neurosurgical departments for CSH. Clinical state on admission was evaluated according to the Markwalder scale, all patients had CT studies and were operated using craniotomy or burr holes with closed system drainage techniques.

Results

More than 50% had extensive intracranial bleeding, almost half of the patients were treated with oral anticoagulants. The patients with extensive fresh bleeding were in significantly worse states on admission and were treated by craniotomy and external capsulectomy (42%). All the others had burr holes and closed system drainage of the subdural space. Results of treatment were acceptable, 2% died, and 1.5% remained vegetative, due to massive hemorrhage and severe neurological deficits on admission.

Conclusions

Despite a progress in diagnosis, CSH still remains an often cause of severe intracranial complications. The rising number of occurrences of this lesion is strictly connected with a wide use of oral anticoagulants. Surgical removal of CSH still remains the best type of treatment for such lesions.
Jesus as Healer: Etymologizing of Proper Names in Luke-Acts
Authors: Reece Steve
Published: November 2019

The author of Luke-Acts embraces the time-honored literary tradition, both Hebrew and Greek, of attaching thematic significance to the etymologies of proper names. The fact that these are sometimes false etymologies based on a homophone in a different language – e. g., the festival name Pascha = “suffering,” the place name Gaza = “treasure,” the personal name Jesus = “healer” – is in accord with the methods of this etymological practice. Luke’s false etymological association of the Hebrew name Jesus (Yeshua/Joshua – transliterated into Greek as Ἰησοῦς) with the Greek words for “healing” (ἴασις) and “to heal” (infinitive ἰῆσθαι), as bizarre as it may strike the modern philologist, serves as an implicit leitmotif that runs through the entirety of Luke-Acts (Luke 9,42; 14,3–4; 22,51; Acts 4,30; 9,34; 17,18).
Auf der Spur einer „Grundsatzrede“ vor der Bergpredigt
Authors: Baasland Ernst
Published: November 2019

The thesis of an Inaugural Speech is widely accepted. To neglect its existence will substantially weaken the “two-source theory”. The exact content, the genre and rhetoric of the speech have, however, not been investigated sufficiently. Is Luke’s Sermon on the Plain in fact identical with the historical Inaugural Speech? Do also parts of the Q-material in Matthew’s Sermon on the Mount originate from this speech? A new approach is to differentiate four groups of traditions in the Sermon on the Mount: a. the Inaugural Speech = common material in Luke and Matthew; b. the Q material in the Sermon on the Mount; c. “The triple-tradition”; d. the “Sondergut” in Matthew and Luke. A precise and comprehensive reconstruction of the Inaugural Speech as such is hardly possible, but the genre and the rhetorical outline of the Speech can to a large extent be reconstructed. The parallels in Mark, the Gospel of Thomas and particularly in the Epistle of James and in Justin’s Apology can also illuminate the genre and text behind Matthew and Luke. Reconstructions often have an element of speculation. Due to the existence of the Sermon on the Mount in Matthew and the Sermon on the Plain in Luke a reconstruction is necessary, possible and fruitful – at least if we take the parallels, the genre and the composition into account.
Decline and Ascension. Paul’s Apostolic Self-Definition in 2Cor 12,1–10
Authors: Nassauer Gudrun
Published: November 2019

There is considerable scholarly uneasiness concerning the interpretation of Paul’s ecstatic journey to heaven (2Cor 12,1–10) as a genuine element of the “fool’s speech” (2Cor 11,16–12,13). Unlike the passages wherein Paul describes his weaknesses, little importance is attached to this heavenly ascent. The present study analyses both the argumentative function of the heavenly ascent within the context of the “fool’s speech” and its transformative function with regards to Paul’s addressees. They both culminate in a changing of perspective: It is this view from above, achieved by means of his heavenly ascent, which allows Paul (and his readers) to understand his earthly existence in weakness as the very space wherein he receives a relational experience and revelation of Christ.
An Index of Mediatisation: Comparing Interest Groups’ Political Communication Behaviour
Authors: Weiler Florian
Published: November 2019

This article investigates the political communication behaviour of interest groups. First, by proposing indices to capture the degree to which mass media have become central for political communication (media logic of communication), and the degree to which conventional strategies aimed at politicians directly govern groups’ communication behaviour (political logic of communication). Based on these two indices, the article then proposes an overall index of mediatisation. Second, the article tests three hypotheses regarding the use of the media logic, the political logic, and the mediatisation of interest groups, and finds that group type, resources, and the level of competition all play a role for how strongly interest groups are mediatized. Thus, this article contributes to the scarce empirical research on mediatisation by a) proposing a way to operationalise this concept which can be adjusted using a different set of variables, but can also be applied for different political actors, and b) by showing the usefulness of the constructed indices in an empirical example for Swiss and German interest groups.
Politikwissenschaft, Humanismus und politische Anthropologie. Plädoyer für eine Renaissance klassischen politischen Denkens
Authors: Wintersteiger Mario
Published: November 2019

Der Beitrag zeigt, wie eine politiktheoretische Renaissance (im Sinne einer Reintegration klassischer, humanistischer Ansätze) dazu beitragen könnte, die zeitgenössische Politikwissenschaft von ihren blinden Flecken zu befreien. Ausgehend von einer Diagnose verbreiteter Mangelerscheinungen wird versucht, die Gräben zwischen natur- und kulturwissenschaftlichen Perspektiven zu überbrücken. Das Feld der politischen Anthropologie, das die Schnittstelle zwischen klassischer politischer Philosophie und Naturforschung darstellt, gilt als Fundament für die Brücke, auf der sich Humanismus und politikwissenschaftlicher Mainstream wieder annähern könnten. Eine besondere Rolle spielen jene Ansätze der antiken Philosophie, die Natur und Kultur des Menschen gleichermaßen thematisieren. Deren Anthropologie erweist sich als anschlussfähig an einen zeitgenössischen Wissensstand.
Tobacco and Marijuana Use Among US College and Noncollege Young Adults, 2002–2016
Authors: Odani Satomi , Soura Biesse D. , Tynan Michael A. , Lavinghouze Rene , King Brian A. , Agaku Israel
Published: November 2019

OBJECTIVES:

To assess trends and behavioral patterns of marijuana and cigarette and/or cigar (ie, smoked tobacco) use among 18- to 22-year-old US young adults who were in or not in college.

METHODS:

Data were from the 2002–2016 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Past-30-day and past-12-month use of marijuana and smoked tobacco were assessed by college enrollment status. χ2 tests were used to examine within- and between-group differences. Trends were assessed by using logistic regression and relative percentage change (RPC).

RESULTS:

Among both college and noncollege individuals during 2002 to 2016, exclusive marijuana use increased (faster increase among college students; RPC = 166.6 vs 133.7), whereas exclusive smoked tobacco use decreased (faster decrease among college students; RPC = −47.4 vs −43.2). In 2016, 51.6% of noncollege and 46.8% of college individuals reported past-12-month usage of marijuana and/or smoked tobacco products (P < .05). Exclusive marijuana use was higher among college than noncollege individuals, both for past-30-day (11.5% vs 8.6%) and past-12-month use (14.6% vs 10.8%). Exclusive smoked tobacco use was higher among noncollege than college individuals, both for past-30-day (17.7% vs 10.4%) and past-12-month (17.4% vs 12.2%) use (P < .05).

CONCLUSIONS:

Exclusive marijuana use is increasing among young adults overall, whereas exclusive smoked tobacco use is decreasing: faster rates are seen among college students. Exclusive marijuana use is higher among college students, whereas exclusive smoked tobacco use is higher among noncollege individuals. Surveillance of tobacco and marijuana use among young people is important as the policy landscape for these products evolves.