bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Glutaraldehyde-Crosslinked Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Polyvinyl Alcohol Film as an Adsorbent for Methylene Blue
Authors: Siswanta Dwi , Wahyuni Rizky , Mudasir Mudasir
Published: April 2020

The glutaraldehyde (GA)-crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film had been synthesized and used as a methylene blue adsorbent. The films were prepared using a solution casting technique and characterized using FTIR spectrophotometer, SEM. Adsorption studies include pH, contact time, methylene blue initial concentration. Furthermore, the desorption study of films was carried out using NaCl, HCl and distilled water. The results of FTIR characterization showed similarities between the spectra of CMC-PVA-GA films with their component materials. The SEM image of CMC-PVA-GA films showed a non-porous surface. In the adsorption study, GA-crosslinked CMC-PVA films (1:2 w/w) exhibited the largest adsorption capacity of methylene blue at optimum conditions for adsorption at pH 7, contact time 200 min, methylene blue concentration of 200 mg L–1 which was 194 mg g–1. Methylene blue adsorption kinetic followed the pseudo second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. The desorption studies show that adsorption takes place through an ion exchange mechanism.
Quantum Simulations of Preferable H2O Dissociation Pathway on the Ru-Alloyed Pt(111) Surface Based on Density Functional Theory
Authors: Reynaldi Victor , Cahyanto Wahyu Tri , Abdullatif Farzand
Published: April 2020

Reaction pathways for a water molecule dissociation (H2Oads) to form hydroxyl (OHads) and hydrogen (Hads) on the Ru-alloyed Pt(111) surface were computationally modelled on the basis of density functional theory (DFT). The aim of this study was to evaluate whether or not such a reaction can take place and to determine the most probable route for this reaction. To get the answer, we calculated the potential energy surfaces (PES) of the proposed reaction pathways. From the results of the PES scan, we then obtained the most preferential pathway for H2O dissociation, i.e., the reaction route with an activation energy of 0.72 eV. This activation energy value is lower than the value of pure Pt (111), the surface at which H2O dissociation can occur in the real system. Thus, it can be said that water splitting may be easier when catalyzing Ru-alloyed surfaces compared to pure Pt catalysts.
Experimental Study of Rare Earth Element Enrichment from Indonesian Coal Fly Ash: Alkaline Leaching
Authors: Rosita Widya , Bendiyasa I Made , Perdana Indra , Anggara Ferian
Published: April 2020

Rare Earth Element plus Yttrium (REY) is an critical element in green technology and consumer goods. Due to its limited supply, it is necessary to look for alternative sources of REY which one of the potential candidates is coal fly ash. Two samples of coal fly ash which originated from Indonesia were leached in an alkaline solution in order to remove Si and increase REY content. Samples were collected from pulverized coal power plant in East Java (sample T) and West Java (sample I). Leaching conditions were studied including concentration of NaOH, ratio of volume of liquid (L) to weight of solid (S) and leaching time. It was found that the optimum condition was reached at NaOH concentration of 8M, L/S ratio (10 mL: 1 g) and leaching time of 120 min. At this condition, percent removal of Si and REY enrichment were respectively 56.22% and 30% for sample I, and 33.75% and 24% for sample T.
Characterization of Electrode with Various of Pt-Ru/C Catalyst Loading and the Performance Test of Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA) in Passive Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC)
Authors: Yulianti Dwi Hawa , Rohendi Dedi , Syarif Nirwan , Rachmat Addy
Published: April 2020

Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA) is the most important component in fuel cell devices. Electrodes composing MEA greatly determine the performance and durability of its application in passive Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC). Fabrication and characterization of electrodes with various loading Pt-Ru/C catalysts and their application to DMFC have been carried out. The XRD characterization results indicate the presence of C atoms which are indicated by the appearance of peaks at angles 2θ = 25°-30°. In areas, 44.4° and 45.1° indicate the presence of Ru even with low intensity and platinum in the area of 54.67°, 39.86°, 54.736°, 39.88°, and 68.3°. The highest ECSA value and electrical conductivity and low resistance showed the best catalytic activity possessed by electrodes with the loading of Pt-Ru/C catalyst 10 mg/cm2. MEA with a catalyst loading of 8 mg/cm2 is known to have a fairly large initial voltage before the load is given based on the results of Open Circuit Voltage (OCV) measurements. The MEA performance was observed based on I-V and I-P performance tests using the SMART2 WonAtech Fuel Cell Test Station on passive DMFC stacks with 3 M methanol as fuel. The best MEA shown in MEA with catalyst loading is 10 mg/cm2 because it can maintain and achieve a voltage and power density that is quite higher than other MEAs in each load increase in the form of current density.
TGF-β and IL-15 Synergize through MAPK Pathways to Drive the Conversion of Human NK Cells to an Innate Lymphoid Cell 1–like Phenotype
Authors: Hawke Lindsey G. , Mitchell Brandon Z. , Ormiston Mark L.
Published: April 2020

Circulating NK cells are known to convert to a type 1 innate lymphoid cell (ILC1)–like phenotype in response to TGF-β exposure. However, the precise cellular changes defining this process as well as the downstream signaling pathways guiding it remain poorly defined, particularly in humans. We used mass cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF) to model this phenotypic shift in vitro and identify a synergistic activity of TGF-β and IL-15 in this cellular conversion. CyTOF profiling identified substantial heterogeneity in the propensity of NK cells to adopt an ILC1-like phenotype in culture, characterized by the step-wise acquisition of various markers, including CD69, CD9, CD103, and CD49a. Activating and inhibitory receptors, including NKG2A, NKG2D, KIR2DL1, KIR3DL1, NKp30, NKp44, and NKp46, were all found to be upregulated exclusively on the cellular subsets that converted most readily in response to TGF-β. An assessment of downstream TGF-β signaling identified TAK1-mediated activation of p38 MAPK as the critical pathway driving conversion. IL-15 enhanced TGF-β–mediated conversion through Ras:RAC1 signaling as well as via the activation of MEK/ERK. Interestingly, the adoption of an ILC1-like phenotype was independent of the effect of IL-15 or TGF-β on mTOR, as the culture of NK cells in the presence of mTOR inhibitors, such as rapamycin or torin1, had minimal impact on the degree of conversion. In conclusion, we have used in vitro human culture systems and CyTOF to define the conversion of circulating NK cells to an ILC1-like phenotype and have clarified the pathways responsible for this process.
Non-steroidal anti-flammatory drugs in domestic animals: I. Their classification, mechanism of action and pharmacological effects
Authors: Swan G. E.
Published: April 2020

A large number of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, of different chemical groups are available for veterinary use. These drugs act mainly by inhibiting the. formation of endoperoxides (prostaglandins and thromboxanes) through the inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase in the eicosanoid pathway. A wide range of pharmacological effects, including analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects occur as a result of this inhibition. The classification, mechanism of action and pharmacological effects of these drugs are reviewed.
Molluscum contagiosum in three horses
Authors: Lange Lucia , Marett Sally , Maree Charlotte , Gerdes Truuske
Published: April 2020

Suspected molluscum contagiosum was diagnosed in 3 horses in the Chingola district of Zambia. The horses were found to be suffering from a slow progressive skin disease with lesions on the chest, shoulders, inner and lateral aspects of the fore- and hindlimbs, the face, fetlocks, pasterns and on the lateral surfaces of the body, The lesions varied from 4 to 20mm in diameter, were hairless but covered by soft keratin projections which, when removed, left a raw elevated base tightly adherent to the epidermis. These lesions bled profusely when the animals were groomed. Older lesions were well circumscribed, raised above the surface, devoid of hair and after removal of grey-white keratin flakes, had a depigmented waxy appearance. Microscopically cyto-plasmic inclusions containing many pox virions were found. Attempts at culturing the virus were unsuccessful.
SİYASİ PARTİLERDE YANDAŞLARIN LİDERLİK BEKLENTİLERİNİ ETKİLEYEN SOSYAL FAKTÖRLER
Authors: ÖZGÜL Bülent
Published: April 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı, siyasi partilerle çeşitli şekillerde ilişki kuran yandaşların, ne tür liderlik beklentilerine sahip olduklarını ve bu beklentilerin hangi faktörlerden, ne ölçüde etkilendiklerini açıklamaktır. Siyasi liderlik, bir siyasi hareketin ya da partinin ulaşmaya çalıştığı amaçlar için yandaş kazanmak ve kazanılan yandaşları hedefe ulaşmak için organize ve motive ederek yönetme ve yöneltme eylemidir. Siyasi lider de, örgütünü ve yandaşlarını ya önceden belirlenmiş hedeflere ya da bizzat kendi ürettiği hedeflere ulaşmak için yönlendiren ve peşinden sürükleyen kişidir. Siyaset bilimi alanında yapılan çalışmaların birçoğunun merkezinde siyasi liderlik bulunmaktadır. Siyasi liderlik üzerine yapılan çalışmalar, siyasette gücün kaynağına bağlı olarak, siyasi liderliğin ne tür özelliklere sahip olması üzerine yoğunlaşmışlardır. Son yıllarda giderek artan biçimde, insanların siyasi tercihlerini yaparken ideolojiden, program ve tüzüklerden ziyade somut siyasi ürünler olarak görünen lider, vaatler, adaylar gibi unsurlara baktıkları görülmektedir. Bunların içerisinde özellikle de siyasi lider, insanların tercihlerini, eğilimlerini, tutumlarını etkileyen unsurların arasında daha çok öne çıkmaktadır. Türkiye örneğinde, yandaşların sosyal özelliklerinin, siyasi liderlik beklentileri üzerinde etki eden faktörler oldukları tespit edilmiş, liderliğin sadece lider odaklı bir süreç olmadığı, izleyici ve şartların da önemli ölçüde etki sahibi olduğu görülmüştür.
Sala de referência ideal para as crianças e para as profissionais da educação
Authors: Evangelista Ariadne De Sousa
Published: April 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo principal compreender os anseios e as idealizações das crianças e dos profissionais, em relação ao espaço da sala de referência, na Educação Infantil. A pesquisa, de abordagem qualitativa, envolveu discussões sobre espaço, ambiente e lugar, com ênfase na Educação Infantil. Enquadrou-se nas características do estudo de caso e teve como campo de investigação uma sala de pré-escola II de uma instituição pública em Presidente Prudente (SP). Os sujeitos foram dezoito crianças e três profissionais que atuavam na instituição. O procedimento de recolha de dados foi a observação do espaço, com registro escrito e fotográfico, e a seleção visual. As conclusões apontaram que os anseios das crianças divergem em alguns aspectos dos educadores. Constata-se, também, que as profissionais têm conhecimentos alinhados às concepções apontadas por teóricos que estudam a organização do espaço das instituições de Educação Infantil, porém, esses saberes são pouco materializados na prática.
Estereotipos de género en educación infantil: un estudio de caso desde la perspectiva sociocultural
Authors: García-Prieto Itzciar , Arriazu-Muñoz Rubén
Published: April 2020

Os estereótipos de gênero são um estigma sociocultural que é transmitido de geração em geração desde a mais tenra idade. O objetivo desta investigação é analisar em que medida os estereótipos de género afetam a educação na primeira infância. A fim de enfrentar esta tarefa, começamos com um projeto multimétodo que foi concretizado em um estudo de caso no CEI Maracas que inclui 15 crianças entre 3 e 7 anos de idade. As técnicas de coleta de dados baseiam-se na observação direta e sistematizada de quatro ferramentas qualitativas, triangulando seus dados. Um dos resultados mais relevantes desta investigação mostra o papel eficaz desempenhado pelos estereótipos de gênero na fase da infância quando se começa a jogar. Nesse sentido, pode-se afirmar que as atribuições estereotipadas de gênero em meninos e meninas estão muito presentes na sala das crianças analisadas, especialmente naquelas com mais de três anos de idade.
Linking global terrestrial CO2 fluxes and environmental drivers using OCO-2 and a geostatistical inverse model
Authors: Chen Zichong , Liu Junjie , Henze Daven K. , Huntzinger Deborah N. , Wells Kelley C. , Miller Scot M.
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Observations from the OCO-2 satellite, launched in July 2014, have been used to estimate CO2 fluxes in many regions of the globe and provide new insight on the global carbon cycle. A challenge now is to not only estimate fluxes using satellite observations but also to understand how these fluxes are connected to variations in environmental conditions. In this study, we specifically evaluate the capabilities and limitations of utilizing current OCO-2 observations to infer connections between CO2 fluxes and underlying environmental variables. To do so, we adapt geostatistical inverse modeling to satellite-based applications and evaluate a case study for year 2016 using OCO-2. One unique aspect of the geostatistical approach is that we can use estimates of environmental and meteorological variables to help estimate CO2 fluxes in place of a traditional prior flux model. We are able to quantify the relationships between CO2 fluxes and a few environmental variables across global biomes; we find that a simple combination of air temperature, daily precipitation, and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) can describe almost 90 % of the variability in CO2 fluxes as seen through OCO-2 observations. PAR is an adept predictor of fluxes across mid-to-high latitudes, whereas a combined set of air temperature and precipitation shows strong explanatory power across tropical biomes. However, we are unable to quantify relationships with additional environmental variables because many variables are correlated or colinear when passed through an atmospheric model and averaged across a total atmospheric column. Overall, we estimate a global net biospheric flux of −1.73 ± 0.53 GtC in year 2016, in close agreement with recent inverse modeling studies using OCO-2 retrievals as observational constraints.
ArduiTaM: accurate and inexpensive NMR auto tune and match system
Authors: Jouda Mazin , Torres Delgado Saraí M. , Jouzdani Mehrdad Alinaghian , Mager Dario , Korvink Jan G.
Published: April 2020

Abstract. We introduce a low complexity, low cost, yet sufficiently accurate automatic tune and match system for NMR and MRI applications. The ArduiTaM builds upon an Arduino Uno embedded system that drives a commercial frequency synthesizer chip to perform a frequency sweep around the Larmor frequency. The generated low power signal is fed to the NMR coil, after which the reflected waves are detected using a directional coupler, and amplified. The signal shape is then extracted by means of an envelope detector and passed on to the Arduino, which performs a dip search while continuously generating actuator control patterns to adjust the tune and match capacitors. The process stops once the signal dip reaches the Larmor frequency. The ArduiTaM works readily with any spectrometer frequency in the range from 1 T to 23 T. The speed of ArduiTaM is mainly limited by the clock of the Arduino, and the capacitor actuation mechanism. The Arduino can easily be replaced by a higher speed micro controller, and varactors can replace stepper-motor controlled variable capacitors. The ArduiTaM is made available in open source, so it is easily duplicated.
Mass, nutrients and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) lateral transports off northwest Africa during fall 2002 and spring 2003
Authors: Burgoa Nadia , Machín Francisco , Marrero-Díaz Ángeles , Rodríguez-Santana Ángel , Martínez-Marrero Antonio , Arístegui Javier , Duarte Carlos Manuel
Published: April 2020

Abstract. The circulation patterns and the impact of the lateral export of nutrients and organic matter off NW Africa are examined by applying an inverse model to two hydrographic datasets gathered in fall 2002 and spring 2003. These estimates show significant changes in the circulation patterns at central levels from fall to spring, particularly in the southern boundary of the domain related to zonal shifts of the Cape Verde Frontal Zone. Southward transports at the surface and central levels at 26∘ N are 5.6±1.9 Sv in fall and increase to 6.7±1.6 Sv in spring; westward transports at 26∘ W are 6.0±1.8 Sv in fall and weaken to 4.0±1.8 Sv in spring. At 21∘ N a remarkable temporal variability is obtained, with a northward mass transport of 4.4±1.5 Sv in fall and a southward transport of 5.2±1.6 Sv in spring. At intermediate levels important spatiotemporal differences are also observed, and it must be highlighted that a northward net mass transport of 2.0±1.9 Sv is obtained in fall at both the south and north transects. The variability in the circulation patterns is also reflected in lateral transports of inorganic nutrients (SiO2, NO3, PO4) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Hence, in fall the area acts as a sink of inorganic nutrients and a source of DOC, while in spring it reverses to a source of inorganic nutrients and a sink of DOC. A comparison between nutrient fluxes from both in situ observations and numerical modeling output is finally addressed.
Estimation of phytoplankton pigments from ocean-color satellite observations in the Senegalo–Mauritanian region by using an advanced neural classifier
Authors: Yala Khalil , Niang N'Dèye , Brajard Julien , Mejia Carlos , Ouattara Mory , El Hourany Roy , Crépon Michel , Thiria Sylvie
Published: April 2020

Abstract. We processed daily ocean-color satellite observations to construct a monthly
climatology of phytoplankton pigment concentrations in the Senegalo–Mauritanian region. Our proposed new method primarily consists of associating, in well-identified clusters, similar pixels in terms of
ocean-color parameters and in situ pigment concentrations taken from a
global ocean database. The association is carried out using a new self-organizing map (2S-SOM). Its major advantage is allowing the specificity of the optical properties of the water to be taken into account
by adding specific
weights to the different ocean-color parameters and the in situ
measurements. In the retrieval phase, the pigment concentration of a pixel
is estimated by taking the pigment concentration values associated with the
2S-SOM cluster presenting the ocean-color satellite spectral measurements that are the closest to those of the pixel under study according to some
distance. The method was validated by using a cross-validation procedure. We
focused our study on the fucoxanthin concentration, which is related to the
abundance of diatoms. We showed that the fucoxanthin starts to develop in
December, presents its maximum intensity in March when the upwelling
intensity is maximum, extends up to the coast of Guinea in April and begins
to decrease in May. The results are in agreement with previous observations
and recent in situ measurements. The method is very general and can be
applied in every oceanic region.
Review article: How does glacier discharge affect marine biogeochemistry and primary production in the Arctic?
Authors: Hopwood Mark J. , Carroll Dustin , Dunse Thorben , Hodson Andy , Holding Johnna M. , Iriarte José L. , Ribeiro Sofia , Achterberg Eric P. , Cantoni Carolina , Carlson Daniel F. , Chierici Melissa , Clarke Jennifer S. , Cozzi Stefano , Fransson Agneta , Juul-Pedersen Thomas , Winding Mie H. S. , Meire Lorenz
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Freshwater discharge from glaciers is increasing across the Arctic in
response to anthropogenic climate change, which raises questions about the
potential downstream effects in the marine environment. Whilst a combination
of long-term monitoring programmes and intensive Arctic field campaigns have
improved our knowledge of glacier–ocean interactions in recent years,
especially with respect to fjord/ocean circulation, there are extensive
knowledge gaps concerning how glaciers affect marine biogeochemistry and
productivity. Following two cross-cutting disciplinary International Arctic
Science Committee (IASC) workshops addressing the importance of glaciers
for the marine ecosystem, here we review the state of the art concerning
how freshwater discharge affects the marine environment with a specific
focus on marine biogeochemistry and biological productivity. Using a series
of Arctic case studies (Nuup Kangerlua/Godthåbsfjord, Kongsfjorden,
Kangerluarsuup Sermia/Bowdoin Fjord, Young Sound and Sermilik Fjord), the
interconnected effects of freshwater discharge on fjord–shelf exchange,
nutrient availability, the carbonate system, the carbon cycle and the
microbial food web are investigated. Key findings are that whether the effect
of glacier discharge on marine primary production is positive or negative
is highly dependent on a combination of factors. These include glacier type
(marine- or land-terminating), fjord–glacier geometry and the limiting
resource(s) for phytoplankton growth in a specific spatio-temporal region
(light, macronutrients or micronutrients). Arctic glacier fjords therefore
often exhibit distinct discharge–productivity relationships, and multiple
case-studies must be considered in order to understand the net effects of
glacier discharge on Arctic marine ecosystems.
¿Cómo pensar el cuerpo al margen de la idea de sujeto corporal? ‘Mera presencia’ y ‘claro del ser’ en ‘Zollikoner Seminare’ de Heidegger
Authors: Johnson Felipe
Published: April 2020

. Este artículo se propone discutir las dificultades que pertenecen al ejercicio de pensarnos en cuanto corporales. Guía de estas reflexiones son los índices heideggerianos sobre la corporalidad humana realizados en Zollikoner Seminare. Dichos seminarios advierten que la actual experiencia de nuestro cuerpo, pese a poder ser estimada como inmediata, se halla mediada por nuestros propios supuestos epocales y se enraiza ya en el pensar ontológico de Occidente. Así, este artículo intentará examinar las aporías filosóficas de tal mediación histórico-epocal, exponiendo la reflexión heideggeriana del cuerpo desde el claro del ser (Lichtung) como una respuesta a la idea tradicional de subjetividad fundada en la noción de “mera presencia” (Vorhandenheit).
Contrahegemonías antirrepresivas. Un estudio de caso de la protesta en Barcelona (2011-2015)
Authors: Camps Calvet Clara , Di Nella Dino
Published: April 2020

El 15-M y los movimientos sociales que se fortalecieron gracias a la fuerza que tuvo este movimiento (los movimientos sociales contra los desahucios, contra la reforma laboral, contra la austeridad y contra los retrocesos de los derechos de las mujeres) han sido una reacción contra la gestión neoliberal de una crisis en cuya génesis también se encontraba el neoliberalismo. Ante estos conflictos, el Estado desarrolló un arsenal policial, judicial y legislativo para reprimir la protesta. La apertura de un nuevo marco de referencia mediante la acción colectiva de los movimientos sociales supuso una reconceptualización del término “democracia” como garantía de derechos sociales y libertades, y supuso, a la vez, la reclamación de autogestión y de participación de la ciudadanía en la vida política. Este nuevo marco se convertiría en oportunidad política de los movimientos sociales para cuestionar la actuación del sistema punitivo estatal. Así, el estudio de la antirrepresión en Cataluña demuestra que la represión frente a la protesta ha servido para hacer evidentes los límites del Estado de Derecho. Si los movimientos sociales han conseguido desenmascarar las relaciones de poder reales, la represión de la protesta, en el caso catalán, ha servido como oportunidad para abrir un debate social —que también ha llegado a las instituciones— sobre el garantismo penal. Se argumenta que estas contrahegemonías antirrepresivas, aunque limitadas ante un Estado penal creciente, han supuesto un reto para el sistema punitivo estatal.
La "geometría variable": los gobiernos minoritarios de España en perspectiva espacial
Authors: Garrido Antonio , Martínez María Antonia , Mora Alberto
Published: April 2020

Este artículo desarrolla, en el caso de España, el análisis de un tipo específico de gobiernos minoritarios, los de carácter sustantivo, desde una perspectiva espacial, con la pretensión de estudiar, el origen, viabilidad y formación de este tipo de gabinetes, así como las condiciones políticas necesarias para su estabilidad y efectividad. Asimismo, estudia los distintos subtipos de gobiernos minoritarios sustantivos, la variante más interesante de los gabinetes minoritarios, desarrollando la distinción entre gobiernos minoritarios de “geometría variable” y de “geometría estable”. Esta conceptualización permite mostrar que los partidos centrales son más capaces de constituir y estabilizar gobiernos minoritarios, tanto formales como sustantivos y, especialmente, dar viabilidad a los gobiernos de “geometría variable”. Los casos de los gobiernos minoritarios sustantivos españoles, desde 2004 a 2019, son analizados desde esta perspectiva, con especial atención a los gabinetes de José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero y Mariano Rajoy. El estudio, además, explora las condiciones políticas para el desarrollo de gobiernos minoritarios de “geometría variable” y algunos de sus elementos característicos, como el desarrollo de las “estrategias de empaquetado” o los cambios dinámicos en las alianzas y en los partidos de apoyo de este tipo de gabinetes.
Las medidas fiscales para favorecer el emprendimiento por las cooperativas
Authors: Atxabal Rada Alberto
Published: April 2020

La normativa tributaria ha adoptado en los últimos años una serie de medidas destinadas a favorecer e impulsar el emprendimiento, que se recogen en las normativas de los principales impuestos directos. Asimismo, entre los emprendedores, y entre los emprendedores sociales debemos situar a las cooperativas, sin duda. En este sentido, las sociedades cooperativas son acreedoras de las medidas fiscales que favorecen el emprendimiento, como cualquier otro emprendedor. Este trabajo se centra en el análisis y crítica de las normas fiscales que promueven el emprendimiento y, a su vez, resultan de aplicación a las cooperativas, o en su caso, no les son aplicables a estas últimas sin que se vislumbre una razón que justifique su omisión. Estudiaremos, por consiguiente, las medidas fiscales que favorecen el emprendimiento promovido por las cooperativas previstas en la normativa tributaria española, y nos centraremos en el análisis de los principales impuestos directos, es decir, el Impuesto sobre Sociedades y el Impuesto sobre la Renta de las Personas Físicas, por tratarse de los dos impuestos que recogen la mayoría de los incentivos fiscales al emprendimiento en la legislación española. Esta última matización nos obliga a dedicar un apartado propio a las reglas fiscales adoptadas en el País Vasco, que difieren parcialmente de la regulación de territorio común. Así, observamos que el tratamiento fiscal del emprendimiento, cuando lo lleva a cabo una cooperativa, es más generoso en la regulación foral que en la normativa de territorio común, si bien en ambas normativas existen reglas fiscales que impulsan el emprendimiento y que no resultan aplicables a las cooperativas sin una justificación aceptable.
Parental Financial Support and Students Motivation in Learning
Authors: Moneva Jerald C. , Pestano Raisha Fe L. , Vertulfo Ria M.
Published: April 2020

The capacity of the parents to provide financially the needs of the students in their studies is referred to as parental financial support. While motivation is the personal drive or will of a person to do a task without the influence of other people. A checklist survey questionnaire was used to assess the parental financial support and motivation of students in learning. The data gathered were treated through weighted mean and chi-square. In which, it revealed that students were more motivated when they are financially supported by their parents when it comes to educational purposes. Therefore, it shows that there is a significant association between parental financial support and students’ motivation in learning.
Evidenciação da responsabilidade social corporativa nos estudos sobre relato integrado: uma revisão estruturada da literatura
Authors: Ribeiro Cíntia De Melo de Albuquerque , Vieira Neto Julio , Cosenza José Paulo , Zotes Luis Perez
Published: April 2020

Atualmente, as empresas são cobradas cada vez mais a disseminar comunicados prestando contas de seu papel social e ambiental baseado no conceito de sustentabilidade. O Relato Integrado (RI) apresenta uma proposta de incorporação de dados financeiros e não financeiros relevantes sobre as atividades empresariais, integrando voluntariamente as preocupações sociais e ambientais às atividades operacionais e à tomada de decisões das empresas. Nesse sentido, este artigo tem como objetivo analisar o desenvolvimento da Responsabilidade Social Corporativa (RSC) na produção científica internacional sobre RI nas perspectivas da plataforma teórica, paradigmas de pesquisa, metodologias de investigação utilizadas e processo contábil. Para tanto, realizou-se uma revisão na base indexadora Scopus, pertinente à produção científica sobre o tema. Na análise dos dados consideram-se 52 artigos, publicados em revistas acadêmicas, no período de 2010 a junho de 2019, aplicando-se revisão estruturada da literatura para levantamento dos dados e utilizando a análise bibliométrica para tratamento e exame do seu conteúdo. Os resultados do estudo evidenciam a pouca ênfase dada à questão social e ambiental nas pesquisas acadêmicas sobre Relato Integrado, principalmente no que tange ao reconhecimento, classificação, mensuração e divulgação de eventos dessa natureza nesse tipo de relatório. O desafio está em desenvolver redes de pesquisa fortes e atuantes, com pesquisadores de diferentes áreas atuando de forma interdisciplinar na investigação de questões sociais, ambientais e de sustentabilidade em pesquisas de RI. Uma rede, apenas, foi identificada com duas publicações, revelando o pouco interesse no estudo de elementos que associem as práticas de RSC no processo de adoção e divulgação do RI pelas empresas. Também é importante que haja maior integração entre acadêmicos e profissionais, para que os resultados das pesquisas tenham resultados efetivos e práticos.
Determination of Digital Citizenship Levels of University Students at Sakarya University Turkey
Authors: Yildiz Ezgi Pelin , Alkan Ayse , Cengel Metin
Published: April 2020

When digital transactions such as official transactions, banking transactions, communication, education, production, shopping are carried out in digital environment, the concept of digital citizenship has emerged. Digital citizenship; it is the person who has the ability to use information technologies appropriately and correctly in areas such as official transactions, social communication, education, and production. As technology improves, problems with its use increases exponentially. So technological behavior or technological citizenship it is clear that the behavior, values, ethical rules and awareness should be created. In this study in order to detection this awareness; it is aimed to determine the digital citizenship levels of university students. For this purpose, 253 students studied in various departments of the Hendek Vocational High School of Technical Sciences in Sakarya university. The research was carried out with the relational scanning model from the quantitative research method. “Digital Citizenship Scale for Youth” was developed by Kus, Gunes, Basarmak and Yakar (2017) the researcher as a data collection tool with permission. The scale has 49 items, the total variance of the scale was determined that the scale had 8-factor structure and was found to be 49,70%. Related dimensions are communication, jus and responsibility, critical thinking, participation, security, digital skills, ethics and commerce. In the analysis of the data, non-parametric tests were used in addition to the percentage, frequency and standard deviation values. As a result; students were revealed to be aware of digital citizenship’s sub-dimension.
Structural Analysis of Kevlar Fabric Treated with Oxygen Plasma
Authors: Targino Talita Galvão , Dantas da Cunha Rayane , de Medeiros Neto João Freire , da Cunha Ricardo Alex Dantas , de Carvalho Costa Thércio Henrique , Feitor Michelle Cequeira
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this work was to study the effects of low-pressure oxygen plasma treatment on the surface characteristics of kevlar fabric. For comparison purposes, samples treated with oxygenated plasma were prepared and characterised under different experimental conditions, i.e. a treatment time variation of 10, 30 and 60 minutes under a constant pressure of 4 mBar, using a pulsed current source. We analysed the effects of chemical and physical changes to the surface of the material aiming at improved hydrophilicity attributed to the formation of roughness on the surface of fibres, thus obtaining optimal parameters for future works. Changes in the chemical composition of the surface as well as in the superficial roughness of fibres before and after treatment were determined by FTIR, TGA, XRD and wettability testing. SEM was used as a complementary technique to monitor the changes triggered by the procedures using oxygen plasma.
Street homelessness – on the other side of the mirror
Authors: Ilecki Paweł
Published: April 2020

The article is devoted to the problems of street homelessness and a different perception of this phenomenon in the environment of "non-homeless people" and homeless people. The author presents a peculiar ritual of transition from "normal" life into a crisis of homelessness. The study involved 22 homeless people and was conducted in the form of free interview and graphic mapping of the "world map" modeled on the Maslow's pyramid of needs with particular emphasis on basic needs. The implementation of these needs as well as higher-order needs is carried out in an alternative way, different from the ones adopted in social norms.
Selected issues of homelessness in the criminological aspect
Authors: Przygoda Daniel
Published: April 2020

The article presents the issue of homelessness in the criminological aspect. The author presents the relationship between homelessness and crime. The study indicates also factors contributing to homelessness. Homeless people commit crimes, but they are also often victims. The article also presents a historical perspective to clarify applicable legal solutions.
Kontrollen des grenzüberschreitenden Wirtschaftsverkehrs an den EU-Außengrenzen im Lichte des Brexit – Rechtsrahmen und Gestaltungsspielräume
Authors: Schäper Philipp
Published: April 2020

Mit dem Austritt des Vereinigten Königreichs aus der Europäischen Union droht die Einführung von Grenzkontrollen, was weitreichende Folgen für den grenzüberschreitenden Wirtschaftsverkehr hätte. Auf der irischen Insel würden Grenzkontrollen zudem den fragilen Frieden gefährden. Der Beitrag beleuchtet den geltenden Rechtsrahmen für Personen- und Warenkontrollen an den EU-Außengrenzen und lotet Gestaltungsspielräume aus, um etwaige Kontrollen an der Grenze zu Drittstaaten auf ein absolutes Minimum zu reduzieren. Neben der Frage, ob Grenzkontrollen überhaupt primärrechtlich geboten sind, werden mögliche Erleichterungen und Vereinfachungen im Schengener Grenzkodex (SGK) sowie im Unionszollkodex (UZK) aufgezeigt. Im Hinblick auf die besondere Situation auf der irischen Insel wird schließlich das zum Austrittsabkommen gehörende (überarbeitete) Nordirlandprotokoll untersucht.
Disruptive Verwaltung: Alles eine Frage des (Projekt-) Managements?
Authors: Schäfer Edwin , Schmid Andres
Published: April 2020

Die Forderungen nach einer disruptiven Evolution der öffentlichen Verwaltung werden vor allem im Kontext der Digitalisierung lauter. In der Praxis lassen sich entsprechende Entwicklungen kaum erkennen. Das Projekt CashBA der Bundesagentur für Arbeit (BA) ist ein Beispiel für ein neues Denken und das infrage stellen von herkömmlichen Vorgehensweisen und eingetretenen Verwaltungspfaden. Das Projekt ist evolutionär zu einem disruptiven Projektergebnis gekommen und mit dem ersten Platz des eGovernment-Awards in der Kategorie „Bestes Modernisierungsprojekt“ im Jahr 2019 prämiert worden. In seinem Verlauf stieß es auf inner- und außerorganisatorische Widerstände. Es mussten viele Herausforderungen bewältigt werden. Das Projekt bekam große mediale Aufmerksamkeit und wurde von der Öffentlichkeit kritisch begleitet. Es stellt sich mithin die Frage: Wie konnte es zu diesem Projekterfolg kommen?
Die unbürokratische Behörde und die Entbürokratisierung von Einzelorganisationen
Authors: Bernhardt Hans-Claas
Published: April 2020

In contrast to previous specialist literature, the focus is not on simplifying administration across the board, but rather on reducing the bureaucracy of individual organizations (authorities, companies) under the given circumstances. In the first part, scientists, consultants and managers are given an overview of the characteristics by which an "unbureaucratic" authority can be recognised. This catalogue of characteristics is condensed into a "bureaucracy barometer", which can be used for organisational bureaucracy diagnoses of authorities and companies. In the second part, methods are shown how an organization can master the change process of de-bureaucratization.
Melchioris Cani Relectio de sacramentis in genere
Authors: Hogenmüller Boris
Published: April 2020

The third volume of the "Opera omnia Melchioris Cani" covers Cano's first "Relectio de sacramentis in genere". Melchor Cano held this important lecture in the early summer of 1547 as a professor at the University of Salamanca, as a ceremonial lecture at the end of the academic year. The subject itself offers a highly interesting example of sacramental theology, which was widely discussed in the 16th century, in particular at the Council of Trent. First printed in 1550, the lecture was intensively studied until the 19th century.

In addition to a general introduction to the author and the topic, a text-critical Latin edition including a German translation is offered here for the first time.
Hypothetical Consent and Political Obligation
Authors: King Chris ,   Southwestern Philosophical Society
Published: April 2020

Hypothetical Consent Situations are widely employed in normative argument as if they help to justify normative claims or to explain normative facts. Historically, however, there is plenty of suspicion about them. In this light, there is a tendency to prefer theories of political obligation that do not depend upon hypothetical consent to explain political obligations – those that appeal, for instance, a general moral principle (like a natural duty) or to actual consent. This paper makes no full-throated defense of hypothetical consent. But it does try to identify more carefully than is usually done what sorts of cases they represent and to show that at least two concerns about them are unwarranted.
The short-legged Andean cosmetids revisited: the genus Libitia Simon, 1879 with description of two new species (Opiliones, Cosmetidae)
Authors: Medrano Miguel , Ázara Ludson Neves de , Kury Adriano Brilhante
Published: April 2020

The old genus Libitia Simon, 1879 of small Andean harvestmen is revisited. The monotypic genus Libitiella Roewer, 1947 is herein considered a junior subjective synonym of Libitia. Accordingly, Libitiella bipunctata (Sørensen, 1932) is restored to the combination Libitia bipunctata. The species Libitia cordata and Libitia bipunctata comb. nov. are redescribed and the new species Libitia gandalf sp. nov. and Libitia iguaque sp. nov. are herein described from Cordillera Oriental of Colombian Andes (Chingaza Natural Park and Iguaque Natural Park, respectively). The species Gonyleptes multimaculatus Wood 1869, currently under the synonymy of L. cordata, is revalidated and transferred to Paecilaemella Roewer, 1925 forming Paecilaemella multimaculata comb. nov., and the species Cynorta itacoaiensis H. Soares, 1970 is herein considered a junior subjective synonym of it. In addition, the second current species of the genus, Libitia fusca (Simon, 1879), is transferred to Metalibitia. Libitia is diagnosed based in genital and external morphology, an identification key of the four species and distribution maps are offered.
El mantenimiento del entramado viario romano en época medieval en La Rioja. Algunos casos de estudio
Authors: Calonge Miranda Adrián
Published: April 2020

Con la caída política del Imperio Romano de Occidente en el año 476, su entramado viario siguió en servicio y constituyó una de las principales bases económicas y militares de los diferentes poderes que fueron surgiendo. Tomando como ejemplo el valle medio del Ebro (La Rioja y las provincias de Burgos y Álava), se van a estudiar tres calzadas de origen romano que siguieron en uso durante la Edad Media. Así mismo, con el estudio del patrón de asentamiento de las iglesias, las fortalezas con centros religiosos y el hábitat en cuevas, se va a reforzar la tesis de la pervivencia de las calzadas romanas en la región. Para ello se han utilizado fuentes documentales medievales e información procedente de la arqueología.AbstractSince the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476, its network of roadways remained in service and became one of the main economic and military pillars of the different powers that were born of it. Focussing on the geographical area of the Middle Ebro valley (La Rioja and part of the provinces of Burgos and Alava) we will study three roadways of Roman origin that continued in use throughout the Middle Ages. By studying the settlement pattern of churches, fortresses with religious centres, and cave dwellings, we may strengthen the theory of the survival of Roman roadways in the region. For this purpose, medieval documentary sources and data provided by archeology will be used.
Influencia de las redes nobiliarias en la expansión cristiana del siglo XII. El caso de Soria = The Influence of Aristocratic Networks on the Christian Expansion of the Twelfth Century. The Case of Soria
Authors: Soriano Calvo Gilberto
Published: April 2020

La gran expansión territorial protagonizada por Alfonso I de Aragón y Pamplona atrajo a muchos nobles, que trataron de beneficiarse mediante la obtención de botín o la concesión de tenencias para ellos o sus familiares. Entregar en tenencia un territorio permitía a los reyes afrontar los problemas endémicos que suponía poblar un término, lo que se veía agravado por la escasa demografía y el gran coste económico de la defensa. Por ello, los reyes de Aragón y Pamplona acudieron a la entrega de territorios a nobles para que éstos se encargaran de poblarlos y defenderlos; es lo que se conoce como «tenencias», una institución que suponía una serie de derechos y obligaciones para quien las recibía, reservándose la propiedad del territorio el rey, y que permitía la extensión de la influencia de una determinada familia o linaje. Casi desde la aparición del reino de Aragón los barones pamploneses constituyeron un foco de gran influencia cerca de los reyes y trataron de expandirla mediante matrimonios y la obtención de determinadas tenencias. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo estudiar el fenómeno a través del caso concreto de la familia navarra Lehet y su relación con los dos primeros señores de Soria, Íñigo López y Fortún López.Abstract The great territorial expansion carried out by Alfonso I of Aragon and Pamplona attracted many nobles, who tried to benefit from it by obtaining booty or land grants for them or their relatives. Offering land tenure was a way for kings to deal with the endemic problems derived from the need to populate a given territory, which was in turn aggravated by weak demographic numbers and a high cost of defence. Hence, the kings of Aragon and Pamplona used the concession of land grants to nobles so that they would guarantee establishing a settlement and defending it: this is what is known as tenure (tenencias), an institution that stipulates a series of rights and obligations for those who received them, while the king maintained the property of the domain and allowed for the increased influence of a certain family or lineage. Virtually since the origin of the kingdom of Aragon, the barons of Pamplona formed a circle of great influence around the kings and tried to extend it through marriages and increasing certain land holdings. This phenomenon will be examined through the specific case studies of the Lehet family of Navarre and their relationship with the first two lords of Soria, Íñigo López and Fortún López.
Las ʿaqīda-s entre los musulmanes castellanos y aragoneses de época mudéjar y morisca: las ʿaqīda-s de Ibn Abī Zayd Al-Qayrawānī (s. X), Ibn Tūmart (s. XII) e Isa de Jebir (s. XV) = The ʿaḳīda-s among Castilian and Aragonese Muslims of the Mudejar and Moorish Period: The ʿaḳīda-s of Ibn Abī Zayd Al-Qayrawānī (10th Century), Ibn Tūmart (12th Century) and Isa De Jebir (15th Century)
Authors: Casassas Canals Xavier
Published: April 2020

En el presente trabajo analizamos el contenido y la forma de las tres ʿaqīda-s (formulaciones de los principios de la creencia islámica) más difundidas entre los musulmanes castellanos y aragoneses de época mudéjar y morisca. Este análisis nos permite, entre otras cosas, mostrar la influencia de dos corrientes teológico-jurídicas islámicas diferentes entre los musulmanes españoles. Corrientes que se diferencian, especialmente, en el papel que otorgan a la razón para alcanzar una fe asentada sobre fundamentos sólidos. AbstractIn this paper we analyse the content and form of the three ʿaḳīda-s (formulations of the principles of Islamic belief) most widespread among the Castilian and Aragonese Muslims of the Mudejar and Moorish periods. This analysis allows us, among other things, to show the influence of two different Islamic theological-legal currents among Spanish Muslims. These currents differ, especially, in the role they give to reason in order to acquire a faith based on solid principles.
Reseña de: Ladero Quesada, Miguel Ángel, Ciudades de la España medieval. Introducción a su estudio
Authors: Coronado Schwindt Gisela
Published: April 2020

Reseña de: Ladero Quesada, Miguel Ángel, Ciudades de la España medieval. Introducción a su estudio. Madrid, Dykinson, 2019, 233 pp. ISBN 978-84-1324-288-0.
An efficient implementation of the Chinese Remainder Theorem in minimally redundant Residue Number System
Authors: Selianinau Mikhail
Published: April 2020

The Chinese Remainder Theorem (CRT) widely used in many modern computer applications. This paper presents an efficient approach to the calculation of the rank of a number, a principal positional characteristic used in the Residue Number System (RNS). The proposed method does not use large modulo addition operations compared to a straightforward implementation of the CRT algorithm. The rank of a number is equal to a sum of an inexact rank and a two-valued correction factor that only takes on the values 0 or 1. We propose a minimally redundant RNS, which provides low computational complexity of the rank calculation. The effectiveness of the novel method is analyzed concerning conventional non-redundant RNS. Owing to the extension of the residue code, by adding the extra residue modulo 2, the complexity of rank calculation goes down from \(O(k^2)\) to \(O(k)\), where \(k\) equals the number of residues in non-redundant RNS.