bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Employing the ability and inability to restrict the grammatical rule
Authors: Anwar Waead Dalian
Published: November 2023

The intensity of intelligence, the power of prudence, and the possession of thepenetrating mind of the barriers of form, enabled the master of grammar to reachbeyond the grammatical structures, uncover their philosophy and bring out their role,which can only be achieved by dealing with phenomena in the problems that transformthe recipient and his understanding of the text, The disclosure of these things is notachieved as quickly as we expect, but requires a careful and careful reading. Itunderstands the purpose of the grammatical purposes, in its completeness andcompleteness, so that it will be able to embark on these pioneering scripts.After realizing this, the characterization of these phenomena becomes achievable, asdemonstrated by the fact that the grammatical view led to the determination of how toemploy (the ability and lack thereof) by the grammarians to solve many of theproblems caused by similarities and rapprochement in matters. The path of the(possible and not) to convey the precise meanings and clarifications Sunni to the mindof the recipient, without the possibility of leakage of possibilities or confusion to theminds and minds, and grammarians to this access to what they want to reach is toachieve understanding understanding and understanding, and make the amount of whatthey desire.
The Importance of Fairy Tales in Children’s Literature: A study in D. M. Larson’s Beauty Is a Beast
Authors: Hussein Marwa Sami
Published: November 2023

Children are the future of every nation. They arecurious by their nature and enjoy “make-believe”. They havetheir own imaginary world where they can be other personsby pretending, exploring a variety of imaginative behaviours,and inventing imaginary companions. Such imaginary worldmay be created either by watching cartoons and movies or byattending plays for children, or listening to stories especiallybefore going to sleep. They even ask to repeat the same storyagain and again if they like it. Among the adorable kind ofstories that children, and even some adults, like are fairy tales.These stories teach them moral lessons, show them the goodand evil, help them to be creative, successful, and intelligent.They may create their own stories. Moreover, fairy talesdevelop children’s imagination, and by this developmentnations arise.
Verbs Related to Day and Night, the Sun and the Moon in the Scenes of Doomsday in the Glorious Qur'an
Authors: Hamad Salim Qaddouri , Khalaf Hasan Sami
Published: November 2023

The sun and the moon are two great signs of Almighty God's greatness Whocreated the great universe. This paper is a linguistic study of the verbsrelated tonight and day, the sun and the moon in the Glorious Qur'an and inthe scenes of doomsday as they recurred in the Qur'an to warn humanbeings of what will happen in that frightful day. In these expressions thesemantic devices, sound and sense unite together toexpress the frightfulnessof doomsday. The paper studies some of the concerned verbs trying toexplore their meanings in the outstanding dictionaries, such as 'come','gather', 'eclipse' and 'split'.
What is true is the return on a multi-fundamentalist and the grammarians and its impact on the meaning
Authors: Hussein Abdul Razzaq Ali
Published: November 2023

This research dealt with a number of issues that the grammarianshad not mention, because of the lack of its sources. They did notdifferentiate in others, but rather dealt with them in general withoutmentioning the sub-issues related to them. Those issues had attractedthe interesting of some grammarians who set rules for those issues.So they have some grammatical issues that we cannot find at othergrammarians, and other matters they have explained them in detail,that no one of the grammarians dealt with only the fundamentalist ofthem. These issues were analyzed, using the sayings of grammariansand scholars of jurisprudence from the opinions and rules.
The Influence of the Glorious Qur'an on Abi Nu'as's Poetry
Authors: Alewi Najla' Adul-Husein
Published: November 2023

The Glorious Qur'an is the speech og Almighty God.This paper is a studyof the influence of the Glorious Qur'an on Abu Nu'as's poetry. He was chosenfrom the Abasyd poets for his love of wine till he was cold 'the poet of wine'.The paper begins with an introductory section on te influence of the Qur'anon Arabic language in general, then it gives a brief biography of the poet andhow he came under the influence of the glorious Qur'an.
Depending on Hadith in Abu Bakr Al-Anbari's Book: The Masculine and Feminine
Authors: Taha Tayseer Sabbar
Published: November 2023

This research is an attempt to highlight the attitude of the Kufian linguists todepending on the Prophet's Hadith, and to show how they use it in reasoningwhat they want to highlight and win. The research sheds light on animportant issue, namely the return of the Kufi language to the Prophet'sHadith and the Prophet's Without verifying what is relevant to his presence,and whether this issue is at the heart of the linguistic work or not.
Transgression in the Theory of Textual Linguistics: Doctor Ahmad Mohammad Abdul-Radhi's Theory of the Science of Speech
Authors: Sarhat Sa'ad Rif'at
Published: November 2023

This paper deals with an important topic of thecontemporary textual linguistics and its associations on ArabicSyntax. It tries to rid the theoretical discourse of the textuallinguistics of its condemnation of the linguistic heritage. Thepaper focuses first on transgression for being a pivotal issue inwhich the textual linguistics established its two mostimportant theoretical approaches, namely (transgression of thesentence limits). The study, then, deals with the Arabian reactionfacing these two approaches. The re-action started atthe hands of Dr. Ahmad Mohammad Abdul-Radhi in his bookTowards the Text: between Originality and Modernism, wherehe argues that Arabic syntax should be the syntax of speechrather than the sentence, through a view which aims at givingsyntax its due of importance and in this concern he is againstthe label of transgression.
The Psychological Dimension in the Poems Sheikh Nuri Sheikh Salih
Authors: Mohammad Izzu-Din Sabir , Ali Peston Adi
Published: November 2023

This paper attempts to explore te psychogical dimension inthe poems of Sheikh Nuri Sheikh Salleh. The paper consists of anintroduction, two chapters and a conclusion. The first part deals withconcepts and terms of psychology. The second part deals with therelationship of poetry to psychology. The third part deals with history ofthe psychological dimension. The fourth and final part talks aboutFreud’s analytical theory.The second chapter deals with the foundationsof psychological analysis in the notice of ( Sheikh Nuri Sheikh Salleh)in theory and practice based on several psychological concepts like(Optimism, Pessimism , Alienation , Depression , Fear , Narcissism anddeath). In conclusion, the main findings of the research were presented
Homosexuality as a Psychological Problem in "Am I a Feminist or a Womanist" by Staceyann Chinn
Authors: Hussein Zainab Salahaddin
Published: November 2023

Recently, homosexuality has become a very widespread phenomenon in the world even in the eastern Islamic societies though it is considered a forbidden behavior. It is, therefore, necessary to search behind this problem. The current paper aims at exploring the socio-political aspect of poetry as related to the LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender) community. The analysis will be conducted through the poem "A Feminist or a Womanist" by Stacey Ann Chinn which is actually a warning against such approaches. Namely, she does so by developing the poem over an imaginary conversation with another woman who is asking her about her lesbianism. So, as she is being asked in a manner that she finds offensive, she replies to the imaginary conversation partner that she is not asking the right questions. She considered that the issue is not about being lesbian but about being a woman. She basically projects the idea that the problem is in
A Socio-Pragmatic Analysis of Address Forms with Reference to their Realizations in Iraqi Arabic
Authors: Ali Maysoon kadhim
Published: November 2023

Address Forms deal with theories of addressing. Every language has built a system to mark the relationship between people, in which it can be referred to as the addresser and the addressee. Different systems in different languages must be studied. The Iraqi Arabic language differentiates itself by a particular system that may consist of pronouns, nouns and verbs. This study tries to show the types and the strategies that build the Iraqi Arabic language system of addressing. Moreover, address forms may vary as a result of different factors as age, status and gender. This point needs also to be investigated. The current study aims at investigating the Iraqi Arabic system of addressing, that is, its types, strategies and structures, and investigating the effects of gender, age and status on the use of address forms in Iraqi Arabic language. This study is limited to study the Iraqi Arabic language system of addressing. It is
The Effect of Juncture on Accurate Interpretation
Authors: Shihab Omer A. , Abdurrahman Israa B. , Abdurrahman Rand K.
Published: November 2023

This study tackles a new aspect that relates phonology and interpretation. It indicates that juncture may cause misunderstanding and therefore mistranslation. The significant problem is in relation to interpretation as it may not be accurate because the translators do not have good knowledge of certain phonological phenomena, and this causes phonological ambiguity leading to wrong translation. Thus, the translator cannot catch the idea of the utterance. The study depends on real test that is applied to students of fourth year in Tikrit university/ college of Arts/ Translation Department, to investigate the percentage of mistakes of
Reading Autism as a Family Challenge in Deanna Jent's Falling
Authors: Abdulrazaq Alaa' Muzahem
Published: November 2023

It is quite evident that autism is a problem children suffer from recently in real life. As such for its significant abundance, it has been presented in many literary works especially in drama. Such a case is particularly dealt with by playwrights who suffered from such a phenomenon in their own families as in the present case of Deana Jent. Jent presents autism as an urgent issue that hurts children in her play Falling. This paper sheds light on how children are ostracized by the society and the latter's negligence and lack of awareness which produces outcast children. In addition, this paper raises awareness, through exploring this issue inside theatre, on how such children should be treated. The American Psychiatric Association adopts many approaches to handle this case such as; Applied Theater Research and Autism Network (ARTRAN) which cites the theater to combat this disorder. Using theatre to get the communication in autism has been gaining popularity as it is an active means to overcome a lot of autism's disabilities . Theatre helps autistic teens understand how actions and words can influence in different social
Adjectival Phrases in English and Kurdish A Contrastive Study
Authors: Abbas Abbas Mustafa
Published: November 2023

This research is an attempt to show the similarities and differences of adjectival phrases in both English and Kurdish languages and to present how the two languages are rich in using adjectival phrases. English and Kurdish adjectives have some similar and different properties which affect language learning/teaching and translation. Adjectival phrases in both languages have the same syntactic and predicative functions. Moreover, in both languages superlative adjectives are dealt with morphologically.Throughout this contrastive study, we will be able to recognize the mistakes and differentiate between the adjectival phrases in these two languages. As a result, researchers will know how to use adjectival phrases correctly without any confusion.This study is of four sections. The first one deals with a brief
The Adverse Effect of the Scientific Quest for Knowledge in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein
Authors: Mohammed Shaiman
Published: November 2023

This paper discusses knowledge and how its adverse effect appears upon human beings in Mary Shelley's novel Frankenstein. The she novelist shows that knowledge may have another ugly face, especially, when its use comes to destroy the world. The study starts with the introduction which presents, in brief, the meaning of science fiction and writing in this subject since the novel itself is a science fiction novel. Next is an overview about the novel , the circumstances of writing the novel , and the main ideas that Shelley has discussed in her Frankenstein. The second part of the paper analyzes some selected texts which show the quest for knowledge and its dangerous impact upon the world by exceeding the limits of life and death . Finally , the conclusion sums up the final result of the study as far as the subject is concerned.
RELATION OF ARAB SOCIETY TO RUSSIAN CLASSICAL LITERATURE
Authors: Ahmed Abbas Abdulrazzaq
Published: November 2023

The scientific article examines the attitude of the Arab society to the Russian classical literature. In particular, special attention is paid to the consideration of the works of Arab critics devoted to the analysis of works by L.N. Tolstoy, F.M. Dostoevsky, M. Gorky and A.P. Chekhov. At the end of the article conclusions are drawn about the peculiarities of Arabs' perception of Russian literature.
Modern Perspectives of Assimilation Analysis in Arabic with Reference to English
Authors: Abdurrahman Ruqaiya Burhanuddin
Published: November 2023

Assimilation is a phonological process where there is a change of one sound into another due to the effect of neighboring sound(s). It is one of the most important types of sound change. So in rapid, as well in slow speech, sounds tend to assimilate others in order to maintain a continuous flow of speech. This paper is focused on systematic classification of assimilatory processes found in connected speech in Arabic with reference to English. It represents a complex typology of assimilation based on 10 different analytical perspectives resulting almost in 40 types of assimilation. In addition to that, it is used as a tool for analyzing other connected speech phenomena of other languages.
Contextual authority in Al-Semalali's Linguistic Justifications in his explanations of Nadm il-Majradiah on Sentences
Authors: Al-tarkawi Adnan Jumaa Auda Ismaeel
Published: November 2023

The importance of this research stems from the principle of interestin the heritage of the Arabic language, especially in the late ages,which was a link between the outstanding masterpieces of clasicalliterature with the eleventh century AH. The essence of the attentionis based on two prominent scholars, the first is Imam Ibn al-Majradi,known for his great efforts in language and for his poem "Nadhm ul-Mijradiyah". The second is (Ybork) or (Ibork) nicknamed Al-Semalali, who explained this poem with extensive commentaries thathelp the reader to understand what is meant by the original text. Thispaper, therefore, is an attempt to shed light on the linguistic thinkingof that era, through examining this work and to attract the attention tothe western countries of the Arab Homelend, to encourage researchers,to do further studies related to the scholars of Arabic language.
Rebellion and Innovation in Abi- Nawas' Poetry
Authors: Al-Obeid Abdul-Salam Hazim Mohammad Ali
Published: November 2023

Abu Nawas is an Abbasid poet whose life and poetry were differentfrom those of his contemporaries. As a child, he lived a hard life, beingborn for an Iraqi father and Persian mother. His poetry was like hislife, being a reflection and internal and psychological rebellion. Hewas known as "the poet of wine" because he devoted much of hispoetry to drink. However, he wrote on many other poetic topics suchas satire, love, elegies, and hunting. Abu Nawas rebelled against thetraditional love-opening in classical poems and rejected the tribalpride. He also innovated the use of poetic image depending mainly onmetaphor. He also employed new poetic techniques, unfamiliar themesand succeeded in his rebellion to be followed by numerous poets. Thepaper concludes that Abu Nawas was a true rebellious poet who putdown new bases for poetic innovation in the first Abbasid Age.
Trauma in Drama: Relieving Suppression in Contemporary Monodramas of Heather Raffo’s Nine Parts of Desire and Doug Wright's I Am My Own Wife
Authors: Sulaiman Nahidh Falih
Published: November 2023

Significantly, human life is reflected in literary works that covered thesuffering and painful moments. In literature, the spiritual wounds arefunctioned to illustrate trauma and its effect on self-confidence.Through acting situations, trauma is connected dramatically withflashback and yesteryears images of self-destruction. Particularly, thewounded self is analyzed through social and political perspectives inwhich that self is examined and healed by the therapeuticunderstanding that literature provides. Widely, this genre is given aspace in theatres to illustrate the stormy life of real and imaginativecharacters who deeply discuss the traumatic effect and the foreshadowbonds to the experiences of the past.In monodramas, playwrights put into consideration the influence ofplace and events in the reformulation of the self. Therapeutically, theconcept of trauma draws attention to the role of place and the subjectmatter which are dealt with metaphorically by characters. The variant
A'isha's Speech in Defence of her Father
Authors: Altaif Muhammad Alwan
Published: November 2023

This research is a study of the narrator of the speech, Zaki al-Din Abu Mohammed Abdul Adhim bin Abdul Qawi bin Abdullah al-Muntheri. The importance of this manuscript comes from the importance of her statement, her eloquence and her position in the house of prophecy and the importance of the defended person, the successor of the Messenger of Allah, Abu Bakr al-Siddiq. The linguistic importance of this speech lies in its eloquence, the well-chosen words with deep meanings in defense and glorification of her father against his attackers. The paper is divided into two parts: The first part is subdivided into two sections; the first one is devoted to Al-Munthiri's career, his importance, his Shekhs and students and his works.The second section deals with the importance of the manscript, its description and my job as an editor. The second Part deals with the editing of the text and the statement of the meanings of the problematic vocabulary items in it. It ends with the conclusion which sums up the results of the study.
Sublime Love in M. Mezyed’s Eros Sings in My Memory: A Critical Study
Authors: Mal-Allah Abdul-Settar Abdul-Latif
Published: November 2023

This critical study deals with the Sublime Love in MunirMezyed's Collectoin: Eros Sings in My Memory (ESMM) (2014)through 'metaphors of Love' employed. It starts with 'theSublime' in terms of Longinus; and then traces it throughout thepoet's 'created' mythopoeia which, from the outset, blends theClassic 'Eros', and the 'Oriental gods of Creation' together; outof such a 'blending', a 'New Eros' presides over the Ex NihiloPre-Creation 'Chaos'. To achieve its aim, the study excavateshow 'metaphors' of Love are accommodated to the poet's finalmessage in denying contemporary violence and incongruitiesfrom meeting with his 'Habibti'. So, it embarks on I.A. Richard'sview of 'Metaphor' as a starting-point before 'following-up', inESMM, 'metaphors of Love' to pin down where the poet'smythopoeia, Sublimity of Love and the relevant metaphors runside by side. Thus, the Study lists the Semantic domains themetaphors of Love 'derive' from in order to have a panoramic
A Stylistic Study of Rupert Brooke’s poem “Blue Evening”
Authors: Abdulla Kazhaw Jafar , Salih Salar Mahmud Muhamad
Published: November 2023

Stylistics is a linguistic description and analysis of the language ofliterary texts and discourses, and this paper aims to explore RupertBrooke’s (1887- 1915) poem “Blue Evening” from the perspective ofstylistic analysis which is performed by inspecting graph logical,phonological, morphological, and literary analysis.This study provides a new insight to the readers to visualize RupertBrooke’s Poetry in a new stylistic scrutinizing. This analysis is helpfulin interpreting the underlying meanings of the poem. It is also helpfulto analyze the structure and style of Rupert Brooke's poetry and histhemes. It obviously brings to surface what the poet really wants toconvey. The paper utilizes an MLA style of documentation, and it endsup with the conclusions and works cited.
Disillusionment in Evelyn Waugh’s Men at Arms
Authors: Mohammad Khamis Khalaf
Published: November 2023

This paper aims at exploring the leitmotif of, disillusionment in themilitary life of, the protagonist, Guy Crouchback, in Men at ArmsWaugh’s first volume of a war trilogy, Sword of Honour, which isbased on his own experience of the Second World War. It is agrotesque black comedy on the scheme of a chivalric illusion,associated with severe loss of old battles and a series of anticlimacticmilitary defeats where the British-Indian troops fought against theTurks in 1915-1916 at Kut-al-Imara, a small town in the south of Iraq.
Semantic Deviation in the Holy Quran: Security Ayas as a Model
Authors: Hamdi Wasan Abdalsatar
Published: November 2023

This study deals with the phenomenon of semantic deviation in the Holy Quran with the security ayas (verses) as a model. It applies the pragmatic stylistic approach pointing out the most frequently used types of deviation in the Qur'anic verses, concentrating on the semantic and rhetoric role style dealing highlighting eloquence and denotation role. The study reaches at the following conclusions:1- The semantic deviation is considered one of the most significant stylistic phenomena in modern criticism and existed in our rhetorical heritage under different names such as expansion or extension.2- The main function of semantic deviation is present in the surprise it makes that excites the receiver and attraccts his attention to look for the secrets of this phenomenon and it
BILINGUALISM AND MANAGEMENT OF LANGUAGE LEARNING: BETWEEN USAGE-BASED THEORY AND LINGUISTIC TRANSFER THEORY
Authors: Bouanani Mostafa
Published: November 2023

Taking into account the dimensions of language learning as well as the contexts, which adapt to their forms of dependence in communication or in the promotion of ways of acquiring knowledge, extends to include all cognitive pathways that the learner can activate in the processes of the possession of all the linguistic knowledge for one or more languages.It seems that taking language learning into account according to linguistic pluralism and the cultural diversity, which characterizes certain contexts, leads us to seek the limits of the interaction between the cultural aspect structuring linguistic specificity and the cognitive requirement, in which we understand the constants of the regularity of its elements and their mental functioning. This could be of great importance in our reflection on "bilingualism", and the cognitive strategies that bilinguals activate to manage the variances and / or similarities characterizing the two linguistic systems and the methods of treatment and representation (implicit or explicit) activated in their possession.In this work, we will move away from any treatment of "bilingualism" with a social and political orientation, and we will not adopt an
Utilization of Simile in Faraj Yaseen's The Father's Post
Authors: Habeeb Ali Yaseen
Published: November 2023

This paper adopts the descriptive analytic method to analyse thetype of simile used in Faraj Yaseen's collection of short stories: TheFather's Post and how he utilized the elements of the surroundingenvironment –by using simile—to paint an effective portrait whichparticipated in conveying and illuminating the meaning of his work.He employed human nature, as well as spatial, universal and animalnature to draw his similes believing that such similes can be employedto what normal language cannot render explicitly because violates thelogic of familiar language and this violation –undoubtedly—createswonder and defamiliarization because simile is part of the total imagerelated to wonder tales and it forms, at the same time, one of itsdistinctive stylistic features and this sematic aspect is able to dismantlethe elements of reality and then rearrange them in a new effectiveimage.
Substitution in Some Quranic Texts with Reference to their Realizations in English. A Syntactic and Lexical Study.
Authors: Alwan Rasha Hussein
Published: November 2023

The study deals with the relation of substitution, which is one of theconstructional linguistic ties that contribute in textual cohesion byforming a textual net which helps interpreting and understanding thetext. Substitution works at grammatical and lexical levels to achievetextual cohesion. Understanding the substituted items is achieved byreturning to the previous ones. The problem is represented in findingsubstitutional expressions in the Qur'an texts and identifying theirtypes as it is not an easy task for those who are not specialized withArabic and Qur'anic studies as well as revealing to which extent theycan achieve textual cohesion inside surah to avoid redundancy whichresulted from repetition. This study aims at finding the role ofsubstitution in the Qur'anic textual tying and achieving textual unity inorder to enable readers to read the Glorious Qur'an and to facilitate itsunderstanding for native and non-native speakers or readers andfinding out the Qur'anic miracles, styles and systems through cohesivedevices as well as knowing the way of textual building and cohesion.The study depends on two hypotheses which are: 1- substitution is aprominent device in cohesion which works at the grammatical and
The Implementation of Co-teaching Model in English Department at College of Basic Education: Teachers’ and Students’ Perspectives
Authors: Zahawi Qismat Mohammed
Published: November 2023

In spite of the growing interest in co-teaching in teacher educationprograms, there is a paucity of research on its use and effectiveness inthe Kurdish context. This paper aims to address this gap byinvestigating Kurdish EFL teachers’ and students’ perspectives towardimplementing co-teaching model in English department in theacademic year 2019-2020. To achieve this aim, a focus groupinterview with 5 teachers was carried out to elicit the required data. Asfor the students’ perspectives, a questionnaire was used to obtain thedata. The data was analysed quantitatively. The study revealed thatKurdish EFL teachers had appositive perspectives toward co-teachingmodel; furthermore, the teachers also showed approving perspectivestoward implementing co-teaching in their department. Hence, coteachingmodel can be regarded a promising pedagogical practice forfuture use.
Reasons of Syntactical Disagreement: An Introspective Study
Authors: Hussein Basim Salih
Published: November 2023

This paper examines the controversial disagreement among schools of Arabic syntax; according to which, the syntactic components and rules classified and investigated thoroughly. The research tries to answer the following questions: What is meant by controversial disagreement on syntax? And what are the reasons behind it? What is the true nature of syntax schools? What are their types? What are the negative and positive impacts of that controversial disagreement? The paper traces back the controversial disagreement on Arabic syntax and defines its advantages. There are several previous studies dealing with this question, however; this research paper examines the linguistic and terminological aspects of that disagreement among schools of Basrah, Kufa, Baghdad, Andalusia, and Egypt. Despite their disagreement, the syntax schools have one aim: serving the syntax and keeping it flawless. Through this paper, it is attempted to present all these aspects. It concludes and confirms that disagreement on syntax among grammarians is a normal issue, which confirms the fact that syntax is flawlessness. Thus, one can say that having different viewpoints does not necessarily harm syntax; however, it makes it more solid and flawless. Furthermore, the disagreement among the syntax schools has positive and negative impacts in enriching Arabic syntax.
The Problem of Cognitive Criticism in Modern Arabic Critical Discourse
Authors: Al-Hiyani Mahmud Khudhair Khalf
Published: November 2023

The openness or transcendence between the humanities and its tendency at the present time to care for knowledge in all its forms represents an exceptional case produced by the great revolution of globalization that worked to represent a new dominant culture that transcended the geographical borders of different countries, cultures, and nationalities, which in turn led to the subject of culture and related to the negative and positive sides. It is a major topic in most human sciences, and on this basis of the frequent relations between the cultures of peoples, new concepts and terms such as margin, center, femininity, masculinity, colonial discourse and beyond, and an intellectual, authority, and cultural criticism in all its forms, starting from the moment when the modern critical discourse approaches the creative text in terms of discovery of contours, contexts that are contrived or distorted and included, and the role of the language or creative text in not transforming itself into a social, cultural, or political document, not only modern critical approaches
The Aesthetics of the Syntactic Unconsciousness: A Semiotic Reading in the Poetic Necessity
Authors: Ahmad Abdul-Jabbar Sa'ad
Published: November 2023

This paper is an attempt to re-read texts of poetic necessity from a new perspective depending on delving deeply into the syntactic structure and the extent of the syntactic unconscious directed by the formal restrictions of the poet and to explore the connotations of this attitude and relate them to their context and to reveal aesthetic aspects achieved according to them.
Animal Symbolism in Ibn Muqbil's Poetry
Authors: Husein Wisam So'ud , Khidhr Sirwan Jabbar
Published: November 2023

This critical study aims at showing the extent of the Arab poet'sinterest in animals and his attachment to them. It concentrates on thepoet's relation to animals in the Pre-Islamic and the early Islamicages when symbolism was a daring beginning for new poetic textscontaining consciousness, will and illumination to emply symbols inthat poetic epoch in which poet proved their existence against thechanging atmosphere. , therefore is divided into two sections: the firstdeals with the she-camel as symbol and the second is devoted to thesymbolism of other animals. The last part of the paper is theconclusion which gives a summary of the results of the study.
Parallel between the Structures in Tabarak and other Qur'anic Suras
Authors: Nseif Hasan Mustafa
Published: November 2023

This paper is a study of the parallel between some structures in Volume 29 (Tabarak) and other Suras of the Holy Qur'an. Parallel is a type of correspondence and symmetry based the proportion of the Qur'anic ayas and suras and the sign which reveals the secret behind this choice of parallel expressions and words in these ayas through the context and the structure of individual sentences to show the intentional meaning. The precision of this parallel and the choice of these expressions is an aspect of the Qu'anic miraculousness. Miraculousness is part of the Holy Qur'an's structure, context, expressions and meanings.
Religious Intetextuality in Jasim Mohammad Jasim's poetry
Authors: Latef Rushdi Talal
Published: November 2023

This paper deals with intertextuality as a critical literary phenomenon Known throughout history. Religious intertextuality in poetry is not out of this scope for this poet for he recollects texts from the past, applied the technique of intertextuality and presents them after endowing them with the spirit of modernism and making them open to the future according to a vision governed by poetic language, rich imagination, effective style and this is a revitalization of the religious heritage and a dialogue with it.This paper is only concerned with the texts with religious connotations in Jasim Mohammad Jasim's poetry in which he makes use of the Holy Qur'an, Hadith, Sufi doctrine and other religions. Some of the expressions with religious dimensions became material for his present texts as a source for enriching his poetic experience because they were rich with stories, teachings and moral lessons as well as their literary language of elevated style and accurate expressions. For these reasons they attracted the poet and tempted him to quote what enables him to come out with poetic texts of religious nature to satisfy readers, who long for the religious past, with literary, poetic art rich with feelings and emotions.
The Eloquence of the Tools of Attack and Defense in Surat Al-Feel
Authors: Khudair Mahmood Khalif , Aboush Thaker Abdul Latif
Published: November 2023

The tools of war in Surat Al-Feel functioned according to a struggle between man's strength and might, on the one hand, and the deadly, great and effective weapons that could be used by him and their destructive consequences that were evident in the use of the elephant to demolish the Kaaba and what the Qur’an provided for describing the requirements of defending the house of Almighty God, which is Represented in the bird of Ababeel. If we want to measure this with human capabilities and the laws of nature, it appears as a small bird that has no significant effect, but the miracle of Almighty God and His strategy in harnessing a small animal to defend and resolve the battle in His favour transforming the enemies into "an empty field of stalks and straw' (of which the cotn) has been eaten up. The bird, in contrast to the elephant’s enormity, strengthened the belief that God Almighty is capable of everything, for it is by his power that a miracle can occur that puts strength and will in the weakest of his creation.
Variety of Qur'anic Readings: Miraculous and Beneficial
Authors: Hawas Khalid Ahmad
Published: November 2023

This paper is divided into two parts: The first part is devoted to the miraculous aspect which is represented by:(1)-Concession and richness of meaning since the miraculous aspect is equal to the variety of Qur'anic vocabulary and Qur'anic verses and this is related to rhetorics which begins with the beauty of concession and ends with perfection of the miraculous aspect.(2)-Being void of contradiction despite the existence of variety and substitution among the readings because two readings my differ in pronouncing a word but this difference is a difference of variety rather than contradiction and this, of course, enriches the miraculous aspect of readings. The second part is devoted to the benefits that are represented by: (1) Applying the linguistic rules which were not known before the Qur'anic readings, such as assimilation and separation. (2) Knowing the accents which includes light sounds, easy pronunciation by substituting certain letters or the difference between one accent and another.
Rules of Appositive Classification in the Grammatical Heritage
Authors: Ghani Muna Adnan , Suleiman Mariam Ghassan
Published: November 2023

This paper deals with similarities in pronunciation and meaningamong appositives which were behind devoting an independentsection in all grammatical books to appositives, althougheach type of them has its own rules and signs. However, Thisdistinction did not prevent them from being classified under onesection with one basis that is agreement between main andsubordinate appositives as well as the existence of agreement insemantics related to definite and indefinite noun, plural, dual, singularand gender adjacent with little exception as in adjectives of cause .This paper, is therefore divided according to types of appositives intofour sections: Adjective, Affirmation, Apposition and Coupling.Each section explains aspects of agreement between the mainand subordinate appositives especially the semantic featuresspecifically related to each subordinate appositive. Due to thedomination of the structural aspect and the clarity of accord in pronunciation, this becomes the basis of classification of appositives in general or the sub-division of the types of each subordinate appositive in particular. This distinction of each partdid not prevent appositivesfrom being classified under one label namely the agreement betweenmain and subordinate appositives.Due to the dominance of the structural aspect and clarity ofaccord in pronunciation, it was the most clear basis and inthe classification of appositives.
Clitics in Kurdish Language
Authors: Taher Shahab Taeb
Published: November 2023

This study is a linguistic attempt to specify the clitics of Kurdish language and to make a distinction between the clitics and suffixes, especially with the inflectional suffixes. It also revises the previous works tackling the clitics in one way or another. The issue of the study is that many linguists have handled clitics, their work is not satisfactory because they regard many other things as clitics. The method used here is analytical and descriptive because the works have been described and their shortcomings have been critically analyzed. The scope of the study shows that it is limited to the level of morphology and syntax and the examples have been taken from central Kurdish. The study is divided into two parts; the first part is an entry for the clitics incorporating the definition, types, explication of clitics, their difference with the suffixes and the parts of speech regarded as clitics. The second part is devoted to the evaluation and revision of the previous works.
Prostration Utterances in the Glorious Qur'an; A linguistic Study
Authors: Salim Muzaina Awni
Published: November 2023

This simple research deals with utterances, and types of prostrationin the Glorious Qur’an .It denotes the linguistic and religiousmeanings indicated by those utterances with the help of Qura’nicverses and Prophet Mohammed’s traditions with breed propagationin addition to the poetry and prose .The researcher tries to joinbetween the voices of the word “prostrate” and its qualities withwhat it carries from multiple indications .They include the meaningof worship denoting the relationship between morphologicalderivations; verbal and nominal .The prostration in all its typescannot be done except for Allah . The worship of God should besuitable with the manner of the believers to Allah and the spiritualbenefits that Allah granted to his believers for their worship in lifeand in the hereafter. The research falls in four sections .The firstone presents an introduction. The second section deals withdefinition of prostration and its concepts and types .The third onedeals with the phonetic level, the morphological level and thesyntactic level .The fourth section which is the last one presentsconclusions followed by a list of references.
Prepositional Meaning in English and Kurdish
Authors: Abbas Abbas Mustafa , Sabir Paiman Hama Salih
Published: November 2023

This study which is entitled “Prepositional Meanings in English and Kurdish”, is a comparative study which investigates the construction of prepositional meanings in both English and Kurdish languages, and sheds light at the aspects of similarities and /or differences of these grammatical components.The aim of this paper is to demonstrate Prepositional Meanings in both English and Kurdish Languages, and clarify to which extent prepositional meanings share similarity and different aspects.To achieve the aims, the researchers try to define prepositions, categorize them and present their meanings in English and then in Kurdish depending on the available literature. As a result, a number of conclusions are arrived at which indicate that prepositional meanings share a number of similarities and differences in both languages. However, the aspects of similarity tends to be more than dissimilarity.
Slavery in Samuel Beckett's Waiting for Godot
Authors: Salim Taha Khalaf
Published: November 2023

Including two acts, Beckett's masterpiece Waiting for Godot is a tragicomedy through which the writer tries to throw much light on the problematic conditions of human beings. Although many studies have tackled this play, almost all of them are devoted to treat notions such as nihilism, existentialism, and life absurdity. However, no sufficient heed is donated to make concentration on one of the most important ideas stated in this play. It is of course slavery. The recent research represents an endeavour to illustrate the full extent to which this theme is dealt with in Waiting for Godot. The research also supplies the reader with a concise introduction that comprises some significant information about the play and its author. Followed by the endnotes and a bibliography, the conclusion occupies the termination to recapitulate that Beckett's play handles two types of bondage of which one is apparent and the other is not.
The Sensual Image in the New Poem: A Study of Sa'ad Al-Hamideen's Poetry
Authors: Yaseen Ibrahim Namis
Published: November 2023

AbstractEmotion is considered the major basis of the poetic sensibility and it comes at the apex of the activities of pictorial formulation in the new poem. This sensibility is based on words and expressions which are the basic material of poem. These words and expressions are regarded as the essence of poetic act. Their significance, therefore, lies in the style of forming the poem using the suitable vocabulary and the ability to stimulate, form and activate properly and there is no role for the word without this artistic, aesthetic part it plays.This paper is a study of the poet sa'ad al Hamadain's experiment. Al Hamadain is one of the most prominent modernist poets in the Arabian peninsula and the Arab Gulf. His experience is unique and distinctive because it is a live image of an unrecorded human reality. It is a popular, cultural folkloric document of a human and cultural reality which was marginalized for a long time . In al Hamadain's poetry, the sensational image is reflected in its different forms since he is regarded a sensational poet of a sublime type
The Mystical Religious Dimension in the Poetry of Adeeb Kamaluddin: A Study in the Fourth Volume of the Complete Poetical Works
Authors: الويس مولود مرعي
Published: November 2023

The poetry of the Iraqi poet Adeeb Kamaluddin is distinguished by tending towards a religious atmosphere of a mystical nature, but it is a modern mysticism that tries to invest the symbolic religious energies in the language to create a special qualitative poetic experience, and perhaps his experience with Arabic letters stands at the forefront of his poetic experiences in this field. This paper is an attempt to explore the layers of this experience in the fourth volume of the poet’s Complete Poetical Works as this volume is rich with a great creative experience in the mystical religious field. The study tries to select poems in which this vision is reflected at its best though all the poems tend to be similar in their structure at the level of language, image, structure and rhythm, and at the level of semiotics, symbol, expression and formation.
The Reasons for Neglecting some Taf'ilas (metrical feet) and Composing in other Metres
Authors: حسين مزهر صالح
Published: November 2023

It is rhythm that makes poetry different from prose. The poetic texts that had reached us from ancient times were composed following rhythms and rules which were different from those regulating the composition of poetry. This was in ancient times; but as for what distinguishes poetry today, it is external music, represented by metre and rhyme-scheme including equal syllables that are able to create a sort of effective rhythm that touches the human self. As for other non-human creatures (animals, for example), it is a wellknown fact that they are moved by music as what happens in the circus. A professor in an Iraqi university says thet he has heard a camel-herd singing to his camels "Huduho, huduhudo, huduho, huduhudo" and they moved their legs according to the pace of this rhythm. Though these words, in fact, were meaningless, they match the Taweel (long) metre consisting It is rhythm that makes poetry different from prose. The poetic texts that had reached us from ancient times were composed following rhythms and rules which were different from those regulating the composition of poetry. This was in ancient times; but as for what distinguishes poetry today, it is external music, represented by metre and rhyme-scheme including equal syllables that are able to create a sort of effective rhythm that touches the human self. As for other non-human creatures (animals, for example), it is a wellknown fact that they are moved by music as what happens in the circus. A professor in an Iraqi university says thet he has heard a camel-herd singing to his camels "Huduho, huduhudo, huduho, huduhudo" and they moved their legs according to the pace of this rhythm. Though these words, in fact, were meaningless, they match the Taweel (long) metre consisting of: fa'ulun-mafa'ilun-fa'ulun-mafa'ilun.As for the human self, the love of music does not need any proof.
TEACHING CULTURE
Authors: Sami Afraa Husam , Abdullah Elaf Subhi
Published: November 2023

The current study offers a foreword about the process of teaching culture and about the effective educational activities which can be used within the curriculum of the EFL. Particularly, this foreword introduces an approach to teach culture and language. The selected approach here induces students motivation and stimulate commitment which can assist cope absence of awareness of expressive intercultural as one of the EFL learning issues. The goal of the present work is to produce a milieu in which students can create their grasp of outputs, performs, and perspective of the foreign culture. Awareness of foreign language culture must be regarded as a prominent factor of English as a foreign language learning and teaching. So, to increase students’ learning, tutors need to contain the culture in teaching EFL. The process of teaching culture is deemed an essential skill in the teaching and learning of language.
Textual Coherence in Hazim A-Qurtaji’s Analysis of the Poem "Struggling with Love"
Authors: حسين حاتم كريم
Published: November 2023

The ancient Arab heritage contains many rhetorical, stylistic and aesthetic theories that help us analyze the text and prove its textuality. Therefore, this study aims to shed light on this importance through an Arab critic, Hazem Al-Qirtagani, who is known for his long experience in this field. He has enriched Arabic criticism and linguistics with the idea of textual coherence, and his book Minhaj al-Bulagha, and Siraj al-Odaba' was truly considered a lamp for those who wanted to study Arabic criticism and text linguistics. . He put forward an important theory for understanding the text in form and significance, through his talk about the formal and moral ties through which proportion and harmony are achieved within the text, and then confirmed this through Al-Mutanabbi’s poem, which begins wiyh: "I overcome longing in you..."