bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Data from Antidepressant Use and Lung Cancer Risk and Survival: A Meta-analysis of Observational Studies
Authors: Lee Eunkyung , Park Yongho , Li David , Rodriguez-Fuguet Alice , Wang Xiaochuan , Zhang Wen Cai
Published: June 2023

Recent preclinical studies have linked antidepressants (AD) to their potential anticancer effects in multiple cancers, but the impact on lung cancer remains unclear. This meta-analysis examined the associations between ADs and lung cancer incidence and survival. The Web of Science, Medline, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases were searched to identify eligible studies published by June 2022. We conducted a meta-analysis using a random-effects model to compare the pooled risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) in those treated with or without ADs. Heterogeneity was examined using Cochran Q test and inconsistency I2 statistics. The methodologic quality of the selected studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for observational studies. Our analysis, including 11 publications involving 1,200,885 participants, showed that AD use increased lung cancer risk by 11% (RR = 1.11; 95% CI = 1.02–1.20; I2 = 65.03%; n = 6) but was not associated with overall survival (RR = 1.04; 95% CI = 0.75–1.45; I2 = 83.40%; n = 4). One study examined cancer-specific survival. Subgroup analysis showed that serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) were associated with an increased lung cancer risk by 38% (RR = 1.38; 95% CI = 1.07–1.78; n = 2). The quality of selected studies was good (n = 5) to fair (n = 6). Our data analysis suggests that SNRIs were associated with an elevated risk of lung cancer, raising concerns regarding the use of AD treatment in patients vulnerable to lung cancer. The effects of ADs—particularly SNRIs—and their interplay with cigarette use and lung cancer risk in vulnerable patients merits further study.
Significance:
In this meta-analysis of 11 observational studies, we found evidence of a statistically significant association between the use of certain ADs and lung cancer risk. This effect merits further study, particularly as it relates to known environmental and behavioral drivers of lung cancer risk, such as air pollution and cigarette smoke.
New records of Basilia Miranda-Ribeiro, 1903 (Diptera: Hippoboscoidea: Nycteribiidae) from Colombia
Authors: Wolff Marta , Cogollo-Arias Jesús Antonio , Cardona-Duque Juliana , Henao-Sepulveda Carolina , Solari Sergio
Published: June 2023

The Nycteribiidae is a group of ectoparasitic and hematophagous flies associated with bats and barely known in Colombia. The revision of previously collected material and additional fieldwork through various regions in Colombia let us to identify various fly species and their associated bats. Particularly, this is the first record of the species Basilia tiptoni Guimarães, 1966, for Colombia, collected on the bat Gardnerycteris keenani (Handley, 1960) (Mammalia: Chiroptera), from the Antioquia and Sucre departments. Additionally, and as a new geographic and host record, the species Basilia ferrisi Schuurmans Stekhoven, Jr., 1931 was found on the bat Eptesicus brasiliensis (Desmarest, 1819) from the Sucre department.
Contaminant Metals as Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Authors: Lamas Gervasio A. , Bhatnagar Aruni , Jones Miranda R. , Mann Koren K. , Nasir Khurram , Tellez‐Plaza Maria , Ujueta Francisco , Navas‐Acien Ana ,   the American Heart Association Council on Epidemiology and Prevention; Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; Council on Lifestyle and Cardiometabolic Health; Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease; and Council on the Kidney in Cardiovascular Disease
Published: June 2023

Exposure to environmental pollutants is linked to increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Beyond the extensive evidence for particulate air pollution, accumulating evidence supports that exposure to nonessential metals such as lead, cadmium, and arsenic is a significant contributor to cardiovascular disease worldwide. Humans are exposed to metals through air, water, soil, and food and extensive industrial and public use. Contaminant metals interfere with critical intracellular reactions and functions leading to oxidative stress and chronic inflammation that result in endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, epigenetic dysregulation, dyslipidemia, and changes in myocardial excitation and contractile function. Lead, cadmium, and arsenic have been linked to subclinical atherosclerosis, coronary artery stenosis, and calcification as well as to increased risk of ischemic heart disease and stroke, left ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure, and peripheral artery disease. Epidemiological studies show that exposure to lead, cadmium, or arsenic is associated with cardiovascular death mostly attributable to ischemic heart disease. Public health measures reducing metal exposure are associated with reductions in cardiovascular disease death. Populations of color and low socioeconomic means are more commonly exposed to metals and therefore at greater risk of metal‐induced cardiovascular disease. Together with strengthening public health measures to prevent metal exposures, development of more sensitive and selective measurement modalities, clinical monitoring of metal exposures, and the development of metal chelation therapies could further diminish the burden of cardiovascular disease attributable to metal exposure.
A new species of parasitic isopod (Bopyroidea: Ionidae) infesting burrowing shrimp (Axiidea: Callianassidae) in the tropical eastern Pacific
Authors: HERNÁEZ PATRICIO , VILLEGAS-CASTRO ERICK , BOYKO CHRISTOPHER B.
Published: June 2023

A new species of parasitic isopod in the genus Ione Latreille, 1818, infesting the branchial chamber of the intertidal burrowing shrimp Neotrypaea tabogensis (Sakai, 2005) is described on the basis of material collected on the Pacific coast of Costa Rica. Diagnostic features of the new species include: (1) body shape of female asymmetrical with slight left distortion, pereon segments distinct; (2) head of female not fused with first pereomere, posterior margin nearly straight; (3) antenna of female composed of five articles; (4) posterior lamella of barbula of female with two tapered lobes on each side; (5) body of male elongated, clearly segmented dorsally; (6) head of male completely separated from the first pereomere; and (7) maxillipeds absent in male. This is the seventh valid species in the genus Ione and the first record of this genus from the tropical eastern Pacific. A key for identification of species of Ione is also provided.
Global Temperature Projections from a Statistical Energy Balance Model Using Multiple Sources of Historical Data
Authors: Bennedsen Mikkel , Hillebrand Eric , Zhou Lykke Jingying
Published: June 2023

This paper estimates a two-component energy balance model as a linear state-space system (EBM-SS model) using historical data. It is a joint model for the temperature in the mixed layer, the temperature in the deep ocean layer, and radiative forcing. The EBM-SS model allows for the modeling of nonstationarity in forcing and the incorporation of multiple data sources for the unobserved processes. We estimate the EBM-SS model using historical datasets at the global level for the period 1955–2020 by maximum likelihood. We show in the empirical estimation and in simulations that using multiple data sources for the unobserved processes reduces parameter estimation uncertainty. When fitting the EBM-SS model to six observational global mean surface temperature (GMST) anomaly series, the GMST projections under representative concentration pathway scenarios are comparable to those from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project models. The results show that a simple statistical climate model estimated on the historical period can produce GMST projections compatible with output from large-scale Earth system models.

Significance Statement

We develop a statistical model to understand Earth’s energy balance and how it impacts temperature across the planet’s surface and deep oceans. Unlike previous approaches, ours is fully statistical. This means that we use maximum likelihood to calculate the estimates and evaluate the level of uncertainty in the model’s parameters. By applying the model to historical data from 1955 to 2020, we are able to make predictions about the average global surface temperature that are consistent with those from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. Our findings support current predictions about global temperatures using a straightforward statistical climate model, grounded in historical data.
Geostrophic and Mesoscale Eddy Contributions to the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation Decline under CO2 Increase in the GFDL CM2-O Model Suite
Authors: Fortin Anne-Sophie , Dufour Carolina O. , Merlis Timothy M. , Msadek Rym
Published: June 2023

The pattern and magnitude of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) in response to an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration greatly differ across climate models in particular due to differences in the representation of oceanic processes. Here, we investigate the response of the AMOC to an idealized climate change scenario, along with the drivers of this response, in the three configurations of a coupled climate model suite with varying resolutions in the ocean (1°, 0.25°, 0.10°). In response to the CO2 increase, the AMOC shows a reduction of similar magnitude in the low and high resolutions, while a muted response is found in the medium resolution. A decomposition of the AMOC into its geostrophic and residual components reveals that most of the AMOC reduction is due to a weakening of the geostrophic streamfunction driven by temperature anomalies, partly opposed by a strengthening of the geostrophic streamfunction driven by salinity anomalies. Changes in the AMOC due to the mesoscale eddy streamfunction contribute to 13% and 17% of the AMOC decline in the low and high resolutions, respectively, but induce very little change in the medium resolution. The similar response of the AMOC strength in the low and high resolutions hides important differences in the contribution and pattern of the geostrophic and eddy streamfunctions. The lack of sensitivity of the medium resolution to the CO2 forcing is due to a weak connection between the deep water formation regions in the northern subpolar gyre and the Deep Western Boundary Current.

Significance Statement

The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) is a major system of ocean currents in the Atlantic that contributes to shaping the climate at regional and global scales, notably through the transport of heat from the low to the high latitudes. A major slowdown of the AMOC over the twenty-first century is predicted by current climate models in response to increasing greenhouse gases. Yet, the magnitude and timing of this slowdown are uncertain. The purpose of this study is to investigate the expected weakening of the AMOC using state-of-the-art numerical climate models that include higher resolutions than typically used in climate change assessments. Our results provide insights into the mechanisms driving the weakening of the AMOC and into differences arising from model resolutions.
Changing Storm Temporal Patterns with Increasing Temperatures across Australia
Authors: Visser Johan B. , Wasko Conrad , Sharma Ashish , Nathan Rory
Published: June 2023

It is well known that as a consequence of climate change, higher temperatures are causing extreme precipitation events to intensify, leading to greater flooding. However, the relationship between temperature and the temporal distribution of precipitation within storms is not well understood, with limited research focus on precipitation event loading or where the bulk of the precipitation occurs within the storm duration. Here, we investigate the relationship between temperature and the temporal pattern of precipitation, with a focus on event loading. Historical trend analyses based on station observations reveal that precipitation events have become increasingly front loaded (i.e., a greater percentage of precipitation falling earlier in the storm) across Australia over the past six decades. This increased frontal loading of precipitation events coincides with increasing trends in representative storm temperatures, with higher temperatures associated with a greater proportion of short-duration convective events. Linking these precipitation events with the representative storm temperatures shows that precipitation events become more front loaded with increasing temperature across nearly all event durations and intensities, with the emphasis on shorter duration (<6 h) events in the tropics. There is a clear systematic shift toward more front-loaded temporal patterns of precipitation with increasing temperature, coupled with intensification of embedded bursts. These results have implications for potentially increased flooding, with hydrological applications needing to account for nonstationarity in the temporal pattern of precipitation.

Significance Statement

To date, there is very little understanding of how temporal patterns of precipitation events change with increasing temperatures. Here, we investigate the relationship between temperature and the temporal pattern of precipitation events with a focus on the timing of when the bulk of precipitation occurs (termed event loading). Our results indicate a clear systematic shift toward more front-loaded temporal patterns of precipitation with increasing temperature, coupled with intensification of embedded bursts. Greater shifts in temporal patterns of precipitation are observed for shorter-duration precipitation events, particularly in the tropics. The impact of changing temporal patterns of precipitation on flood estimation will require careful examination due to the risk of increased flood peaks.
Sensitivity of Antarctic Shelf Waters and Abyssal Overturning to Local Winds
Authors: Morrison Adele K. , Huneke Wilma G. C. , Neme Julia , Spence Paul , Hogg Andrew McC. , England Matthew H. , Griffies Stephen M.
Published: June 2023

Winds around the Antarctic continental margin are known to exert a strong control on the local ocean stratification and circulation. However, past work has largely focused on the ocean response to changing winds in limited regional sectors and the circumpolar dynamical response to polar wind change remains uncertain. In this work, we use a high-resolution global ocean–sea ice model to investigate how dense shelf water formation and the temperature of continental shelf waters respond to changes in the zonal and meridional components of the polar surface winds. Increasing the zonal easterly wind component drives an enhanced southward Ekman transport in the surface layer, raising sea level over the continental shelf and deepening coastal isopycnals. The downward isopycnal movement cools the continental shelf, as colder surface waters replace warmer waters below. However, in this model the zonal easterly winds do not impact the strength of the abyssal overturning circulation, in contrast to past idealized model studies. Instead, increasing the meridional wind speed strengthens the abyssal overturning circulation via a sea ice advection mechanism. Enhanced offshore meridional wind speed increases the northward export of sea ice, resulting in decreased sea ice thickness over the continental shelf. The reduction in sea ice coverage leads to increased air–sea heat loss, sea ice formation, brine rejection, dense shelf water formation, and abyssal overturning circulation. Increasing the meridional winds causes warming at depth over most of the continental shelf, due to a heat advection feedback associated with the enhanced overturning circulation.
Volcanic Imprints in Last-Millennium Land Summer Temperatures in the Circum–North Atlantic Area
Authors: Wang Feng , Arseneault Dominique , Boucher Étienne , Gennaretti Fabio , Lapointe Francois , Yu Shulong , Francus Pierre
Published: June 2023

Summer cooling is one of the most direct consequences of explosive volcanic eruptions that can affect ecosystems and human societies. Recent studies revealed a multiyear cooling impact on hemispheric and global summer temperatures after tropical eruptions, yet the volcanic responses appear to vary on regional scales. Here, we revisit volcano-induced summer cooling in eastern Canada and northern and central Europe by applying superposed epoch analysis on CMIP6-PMIP4 simulations and millennial temperature reconstructions based on tree-ring density. We then examine potential causes modulating region-specific volcanic impact. While confirming that, on average, tropical eruptions over the last millennium have induced a longer cooling (>4 yr) than eruptions from extratropical Northern Hemisphere in all three North Atlantic regions, we show that the peak magnitude of cooling is stronger in eastern Canada. We also find that the detected volcanic temperature anomalies can be strongly affected by the selection and number of volcanic events and nonvolcanic signals embedded in the climate time series. This study highlights the risks of using highly noisy proxy records to investigate volcanic impacts, especially in regions with strong unforced climate variability. The CMIP6-PMIP4 simulations generally agree with the three reconstructions on the average response to tropical eruptions, but their performance is poorer regarding the production of significant cooling after extratropical eruptions. Our results further suggest that the particular sensitivity to tropical eruptions in eastern Canada is likely related to increased sea ice surrounding Quebec–Labrador associated with the positive Arctic Oscillation and North Atlantic Oscillation formed during the first posteruption winter.
Ethnic Disparities in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Outcomes and Processes of Care in Patients With and Without Standard Modifiable Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Weight Nicholas , Moledina Saadiq , Sun Louise , Kragholm Kristian , Freeman Phillip , Diaz-Arocutipa Carlos , Dafaalla Mohamed , Gulati Martha , Mamas Mamas A.
Published: June 2023

Trials suggest patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) without ‘standard modifiable cardiovascular risk factors’ (SMuRFs) have poorer outcomes, but the role of ethnicity has not been investigated. We analyzed 118,177 STEMI patients using the Myocardial Ischaemia National Audit Project (MINAP) registry. Clinical characteristics and outcomes were analyzed using hierarchical logistic regression models; patients with ≥1 SMuRF (n = 88,055) were compared with ‘SMuRFless’ patients (n = 30,122), with subgroup analysis comparing outcomes of White and Ethnic minority patients. SMuRFless patients had higher incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) (odds ratio, OR: 1.09, 95% CI 1.02–1.16) and in-hospital mortality (OR: 1.09, 95% CI 1.01–1.18) after adjusting for demographics, Killip classification, cardiac arrest, and comorbidities. When additionally adjusting for invasive coronary angiography (ICA) and revascularisation (percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafts surgery (CABG)), results for in-hospital mortality were no longer significant (OR 1.05, 95% CI .97–1.13). There were no significant differences in outcomes according to ethnicity. Ethnic minority patients were more likely to undergo revascularisation with ≥1 SMuRF (88 vs 80%, P < .001) or SMuRFless (87 vs 77%, P < .001. Ethnic minority patients were more likely undergo ICA and revascularisation regardless of SMuRF status.
An international examination of the role of normative and cultural contexts on attitudinal support for intimate partner violence against wives
Authors: Hayes Brittany E , Pinchevsky Gillian M
Published: June 2023

This study analyzes World Values Survey data ( individual N = 63,307; country N = 53) to examine individual and national factors that shape attitudinal support toward men’s physical violence against their wives. We assess how the national context conditions direct individual-level effects. Greater national support toward this form of intimate partner violence exerts a positive effect on individuals’ supportive intimate partner violence attitudes. Cultural orientations affect supportive intimate partner violence attitudes, but the direction depends on whether they are measured at the individual (negative effect) or national level (positive effect). Cross-level interactions reveal that national context moderates individual-level effects between cultural orientation and egalitarian gender attitudes with intimate partner violence supportive attitudes.
Cyborg Enhancements: Sergius Bulgakov and His Sophiological Perspective
Authors: Sisto Walter N.
Published: June 2023

Although Bulgakov did not write about cyborg ethics, his thesis that humankind is the hypostasis of the creaturely Sophia provides a dynamic framework to assess the morality of technological alterations to the human body. As the hypostasis of the creaturely Sophia, the human person has limitless possibilities, including miracle-working. And thus, Jesus Christ’s miracles reflect capacities that God intends for all human persons, with the greatest miracle being the resurrection of the body. Bulgakov’s thought on miracles offers both a defense of cybernetic modifications and a norm for their limits. This article resources Bulgakov’s sophiology to provide an Eastern Christian perspective on cybernetic enhancement technologies. It also engages Bulgakov’s sophiology with current scholarship on cybernetic enhancement technologies.
Characteristics of acid attacks involving children in India
Authors: Kaur Navpreet , Byard Roger W
Published: June 2023

Aim: To examine the characteristics of acid attack survivors who were aged ≤16 years at the time of the assault. Methods: Case files from the Chhanv and the Laxmi Foundations in India were accessioned for cases of acid attacks involving children and adolescents (≤16 years). Details of the age, sex, reason for the attack, injuries sustained and possible outcomes were recorded. Results: Ten cases were identified that involved eight girls (aged 3–16 years) and two boys (12 and 14 years). The head and neck were the primary targets in all cases. The primary reasons for the attacks involving adolescent girls were punishment for refusing sexual advances from older males and family violence/child abuse. The two male victims were assaulted as part of property dispute and gang violence. Penalties varied greatly with prison sentences (when handed down) ranging from <1 year to 10 years. Conclusion: The number of cases of paediatric acid attacks appear small, with motivations for the attacks including responses to spurned sexual advances, domestic violence/child abuse, criminal gang activities and ostensibly at random. Nongovernment organisations are vital in the rehabilitation of victims. It is of concern that dissemination on social networks and publicity through the media may lead to an increase in number of cases.
Medically assisted suicide in Italy: Recent legal developments on a controversial topic
Authors: Cecchi Rossana , Sassani Matilde , Romolo Francesco Saverio , Rovito Alfredo , Montisci Massimo , Masotti Vittoria , Sannella Alessandra
Published: June 2023

On 16th June 2022, the first case of lawful ‘medically assisted suicide’ took place on Italian soil. This event is a result of decade-long debates on informed consent and end-of-life care stimulated by medical jurisprudence. The authors first retrace the crucial moments that allowed this to happen and underline the problems still to be solved. The cases of DJ Fabo, Davide Trentin, Mario and Fabio Ridolfi are discussed, signalling how they influenced the path implemented by Italian jurisprudence.
Separation performance of hydrocyclone oil removal device influenced by oil droplet trajectory and oil drop characteristics
Authors: Yang Mingjun , Jiang Rui , Wu Xinyuan , Yue Yingchun
Published: June 2023

Cyclone separation is an effective method for the treatment of oily wastewater from offshore oil production platforms. There is a lack of research on the impact of dispersion on the separation efficiency of current liquid–liquid separation hydrocyclones. A numerical simulation method was used to study the effect of the oil droplet characteristic parameters on the separation efficiency of a hydrocyclone oil removal device. An analysis of the trajectory of oil droplets revealed the oil removal mechanism of the hydrocyclone oil removal device: under the guidance of tangential velocity, the oil–water mixed fluid in the equipment generates different centrifugal forces due to the density difference, so oil and water adopt different flow paths to flow out. The effects of the particle diameter, velocity, and concentration of the inlet oil droplet on the separation efficiency were investigated. The droplet size had a positive effect on the separation efficiency, the oil concentration had a negative effect on the separation efficiency, and the speed of the oil drop was directly proportional to the separation efficiency within a certain range. These studies improved the basis for the efficient application of hydrocyclone oil removal devices.
Knowledge-based and data-driven behavioral modeling techniques in engagement simulation
Authors: Zhu Zhi , Wang Tao , Sarjoughian Hessam , Wang Weiping , Zhao Yuehua
Published: June 2023

As knowledge and data increase in scale and complexity, it is more difficult to apply these two key assets to achieve optimal effectiveness in engagement simulation. The aim of this study was to investigate the techniques of knowledge and data integration with respect to the development of smart agents to predict accurate behaviors in tactical engagements. To reduce the complexity of combat behavior representation, with respect to the functions, we represented subject matter expert operational knowledge by proposing multiple levels of cascaded hierarchical structure, namely, the function decision tree, to increase the readability and maintainability of the behavioral model. For decision points in a behavioral model, smart agents can be trained based on data samples collected from rounds of constructive simulations which provide validated physical models and tactical principles. As a proof of concept, we constructed a simulation testbed of multi-warhead ballistic missile penetration, which generated 129,600 constructive simulations over a total of 84 h. Thereafter, we selected 5817 data samples (i.e. ~4.5% of the simulations) using an operational metric of total rewards exceeding 100. The data samples are used to train an artificial neural network and then this network is used to develop a deep reinforcement learning agent. The results revealed that the training process iterated nearly 17,000 epochs until the policy loss decreased to an acceptable low value. The smart agent increased the ratio of ballistic missile target hits by 18.96%, a significant increase when compared with the traditional rule-based behavioral model.
Meeting at the crossroads: How then will we proceed?
Authors: Bailey Emma G.
Published: June 2023

In this presidential address delivered at the Annual Meeting of The Association for Humanist Sociology in 2010, the reality of Ciudad Juarez as a crossroad is explored. The audience is asked to consider the role the U.S. has had in the formation of the poverty and violence of the city and to hear the story of a Centro Mujeres Tonantzin, a group of women who have created hope in the midst of their reality.
Situating #MeToo: a comparative analysis of the movement in Catalonia and Portugal
Authors: Roqueta-Fernàndez Marta , Caldeira Sofia P
Published: June 2023

Since its re-emergence in 2017, the #MeToo movement has been adopted across the globe. #MeToo has a transnational dimension, transcending its initial US context and placing international issues alongside national concerns. This article aims to contextualize and situate #MeToo, providing a critical review of the movement in two local contexts – Catalonia (Spain) and Portugal. The analysis is grounded on empirical observations on social media, drawing as well on previous scholarship on the topic produced both internationally and in the contexts of study, and on the engagement with relevant national media sources. By focusing on national expressions of #MeToo in Portugal and Catalonia, this article explores how #MeToo took shape in (and was shaped by) the local contexts and existing feminist practices. It presents the different temporalities and dynamics of the movement in these two contexts, exploring the roles of both social media and traditional press in the local developments of #MeToo, and also briefly exploring the local legislative implications of the movement. This article thus presents #MeToo as common and easily recognisable frame used in local contexts to approach different issues of sexual and gendered violence, yet flexible enough to allow for national specificities.
Information seeking behavior of medical students in Sri Lanka
Authors: Marasinghe MPLR , Kasturiratne KTAA , Chandratilake MN
Published: June 2023

Information seeking behavior involves identifying needs, searching approaches and the use of information. This study aims to explore the information seeking behavior of medical students in Sri Lanka. A qualitative study, using focus group discussions, was conducted with 85 final year medical students of four universities in Sri Lanka. 47 of the participants were males and their average age was 26 years. All focus group discussions were audio-recorded and the records were transcribed verbatim. A thematic analysis of content was carried out. The themes identified varied from conceptualization of information seeking behaviour to needs, strategies, barriers, and facilitators. Students use limited sources of information in classroom-based learning and they confine mainly to material provided by teachers, i.e., teacher-directed behavior. This was primarily driven by exam orientation and the belief about in learning. They seek information from external sources, e.g., internet, while they learn in the clinical environment, i.e., self-directed behaviour, as they face more uncertainty in such settings. Web sources used ranged from informal, e.g., Wikipedia, to standard, e.g., PubMed, sources. Although the participants were millennials some tend to prefer printed material which gives them a higher sense of ‘confidence’. The role of a traditional library seems to be of weaning off with smartphones and tablets gaining popularity . The primary orientation of information seeking is academic needs. Learning environment and its level of intellectual challenge sophisticates the process; teachers and teaching play a vital role in widening the scope of information seeking.
Food bank practices, local development and the potential of community wealth building and universal basic services in the UK
Authors: Lee Richard Philip , Graham Pamela Louise , Croft Emma , Hackett Katie L
Published: June 2023

In the UK, the proliferation of voluntary and community organisations (VCOs) providing emergency food aid has been the subject of critical scrutiny. Analysis has called for further work to understand and act upon the diverse practices taking place within and across food banks. We consider how co-ordinators of food banks in the county of Northumberland have responded to interlocking crises and rising demand, and how they reflect upon their practices. We embed their views and experiences within a critical, contextualised analysis of a core tension: how to provide food in a minimally stigmatising manner, while simultaneously arguing and acting for the end of such activities. We consider the implications of such tensions for approaches to local development, focusing on two key elements of a ‘transformative social innovation’ approach: system innovation and narratives of change. We argue that without significant change in, and challenges to, these ‘shades of change’, enacting (empowering) transformative social innovation in relation to food insecurity will be difficult. In doing so, we consider the potential of community wealth building (CWB) and universal basic services (UBS) to enable innovative change in social and system practices and enhance social infrastructure.
Canine thyroid carcinomas: A review with emphasis on comparing the compact subtype of follicular thyroid carcinomas and medullary thyroid carcinomas
Authors: Athey Jillian M. , Vieson Miranda D. , Bailey Keith , Rudmann Dan , Baumgartner Wes A. , Selting Kim A.
Published: June 2023

Canine thyroid carcinomas are relatively common malignant endocrine neoplasms in dogs derived from either thyroid follicular cells (forming follicular thyroid carcinomas) or medullary cells (parafollicular, C-cells; forming medullary thyroid carcinomas). Older and recent clinical studies often fail to discriminate between compact cellular (solid) follicular thyroid carcinomas and medullary thyroid carcinomas, which may skew conclusions. The compact subtype of follicular thyroid carcinomas appears to be the least differentiated subtype of follicular thyroid carcinomas and needs to be differentiated from medullary thyroid carcinomas. This review includes information on the signalment, presentation, etiopathogenesis, classification, histologic and immunohistochemical diagnosis, clinical management, and biochemical and genetic derangements of canine follicular and medullary carcinomas, and their correlates with human medicine.
Students’ project for instrumentation and automation of a manually operated torsion testing machine with educational purposes
Authors: de Oliveira Filho Wagner Rossi , de Faria Geraldo Lúcio , Rocha Ronilson , de Araújo Sidney Cardoso
Published: June 2023

From the pedagogical point of view, a very interesting initiative for engineering schools is to engage their students in design, renovation, or maintenance projects of laboratory equipment. It allows engineering students to work on real projects, with all the difficulties that arise in field testing, and to gain hands-on experience from the confrontation of practical situations and challenges, which presents positive outcomes regarding learning objectives and program appreciation. This article presents an engineering project developed by students for instrumentation and automation of an old manually operated torsion testing machine, for execution of accurate mechanical tests and reliable physical replications of real-world industrial processes on laboratory scale. An electrical resistive furnace is incorporated into the torsion testing machine to also allow hot torsion tests with controlled temperature. In addition to students’ skills development, this project yields a completely functional instrumented and automated torsion testing machine, with a controlled temperature electrical furnace and other features that have been used in Bachelor, Master, and Doctoral projects, laboratory classes, and new research.
Concerning distributive labour: Exploring the pragmatics of globalised interdependence
Authors: Eyre Ben
Published: June 2023

The promotion of smallholder dairy farming in Rungwe District, Tanzania has been enormously successful, with the vast majority of households now in possession of productive dairy cows. This article compares supposedly traditional loans with self-help groups directly established by non-governmental organisations (NGOs) that both reveal ‘big’ recipients rather than distributors of resources, and that those carrying out development activities often benefit most from them. Rather than advocating a moral judgement, the article suggests the value of thinking with and against the concept of distributive labour to explain the pragmatics of interdependent relations that are key to doing development. Detachment between beneficiary and donor is essential, and mediates salutary claims that distributive labour is a means to advocate for shared values about the distribution of wealth across the globe.
Taking the spatialization of heterodox economics to the next level. States, cities and money
Authors: Klink Jeroen
Published: June 2023

In this note, I argue that the search for a better articulation between financial geography and heterodox economics can benefit from an explicit focus on the relations between states, cities and money. After illustrating some important insights derived from the cross-fertilization between financial geography and monetary heterodox economics, I discuss how the specific inclusion of cities in midlevel theories, which articulate broader economic and geographical thinking on money and space with empirical work on urban restructuring, allows this research agenda to both gain conceptual strength and potential political impact.
Toward Automated Field Ballast Condition Evaluation: Development of a Ballast Scanning Vehicle
Authors: Luo Jiayi , Ding Kelin , Huang Haohang , Hart John M. , Qamhia Issam I. A. , Tutumluer Erol , Thompson Hugh , Sussmann Theodore R.
Published: June 2023

Ballast plays an essential role in the response of a railroad track to repeated loading. Ballast degradation may lead to poor drainage, lateral instability, and excessive settlement. Extreme levels of ballast degradation may cause service interruptions and safety concerns. Therefore, ballast condition evaluation is of great importance in ensuring safe and efficient operations. Current state-of-the-practice evaluation methods are heavily dependent on visual inspection, field sampling, and laboratory testing, which are subjective and labor-intensive. Meanwhile, existing inspection systems for railroads have not been customized for conducting in-depth evaluation of the ballast layer, including determination of the level of fouling and aggregate size and shape characteristics. For this reason, there is an urgent need for the development of a novel, vison-based ballast scanning platform. This paper introduces the ballast scanning vehicle (BSV), an automated platform that acquires high-quality images, videos, and 3-D height maps of ballast from plan and profile views of cut sections and trenches. The BSV is capable of performing data analysis and generating accurate and comprehensive evaluations of ballast conditions through geotechnical analyses. The essential design components, prototyping, and development stages are described. Further, preliminary data collected from testing on two in-service railroad tracks behind a shoulder ballast cleaner are presented to validate the functions of the BSV. The fully developed BSV serves as a data collection device for ballast evaluation and provides continuous and high-quality images for a deep learning-based computer vision algorithm for field ballast condition evaluation and geotechnical analyses.
Relationship Between Attitudes Toward and Perceptions of Gender Roles and Equality and the Gender Gap in Bicycle Use Across European Countries
Authors: Prati Gabriele
Published: June 2023

Various factors have been proposed to explain gender differences in bicycle use. The aim of the current research was to investigate the relationship between attitudes and perceptions of gender roles and equality and the gender gap in bicycle use across the member states of the European Union. Data from Eurobarometer surveys on bicycle use as well as on attitudes and perceptions of gender roles and equality were aggregated at the country level. Bayesian correlation analyses showed that perceptions of general gender stereotypes, attitudes toward legal measures to ensure parity between men and women in politics, and perception of the gender pay gap were associated with the gender gap in bicycle use. The gender gap in bicycle use was not related to perceptions of gender and stereotypes associated with politics (except for one indicator). Bayesian regression analyses controlling for country-level differences in pro-cycling conditions and economic activity (gross domestic product per capita in purchasing power standards) confirmed the relationships, although the relative adequacy of the alternative hypothesis against the null hypothesis (Bayes factor) did change in some cases. The present findings suggest that the gender gap in bicycle use relates not only to structural gender inequality, but also to attitudes, perceptions, and norms about gender.
Use of Publicly Obtained Data in Sports Medicine Research: A Systematic Review and Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Inclan Paul M. , Kuhn Andrew W. , Troyer Stockton C. , Solomon Gary S. , Matava Matthew J.
Published: June 2023

Background:

Publicly obtained data (POD) have recently been utilized frequently by sports medicine researchers to describe injury patterns, risk factors, and outcomes in elite athletes. The relative ease of this type of research that is based solely on internet and media sources has resulted in a near exponential increase in the number of these POD studies.

Purpose:

To systematically review the sports medicine literature for studies based solely on POD.

Study Design:

Systematic review and bibliometric analysis; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A systematic review of POD studies published since 2000 was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Studies of interest were those relying on publicly available injury reports or online media for data acquisition in collegiate, semiprofessional, and professional athletes.

Results:

There were 209 POD studies published between 2000 and 2022, with 173 (82.8%) of these studies published after 2016. Studies were published most frequently on athletes participating in North American professional leagues: National Football League (n = 69 [28.4%]), Major League Baseball (n = 56 [23.0%]), National Basketball Association (n = 37 [15.2%]), and National Hockey League (n = 33 [13.6%]). The most common injuries assessed were head injuries/concussions (n = 43 [21.1%]), anterior cruciate ligament injuries (n = 33 [16.2%]), and ulnar collateral ligament injuries (n = 23 [11.3%]). One-quarter of the studies (n = 53 [25.4%]) reported only 1 POD source, and 1 study (0.5%) reported no source. Additionally, 65 studies (31.1%) listed nonspecific POD resources or solely cited previous literature to describe the POD search methodology and data acquisition.

Conclusion:

POD studies are exponentially increasing in number, particularly across major North American professional sports leagues, with significant variability in the injury of interest, search methodology, and number of data sources. The accuracy of the conclusions reached based on the POD methodology appears highly variable. Given the potential impact of these publications as both contributors to current knowledge and drivers of future research, the sports medicine community should be aware of the inherent biases and limitations of POD injury studies.
Effect of Lower Extremity Torsion on Clinical Outcomes After Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction and Tibial Tubercle Transfer for Recurrent Patellofemoral Instability
Authors: Qiao Yi , Ye Zipeng , Zhang Xiuyuan , Xu Xiaoyu , Xu Caiqi , Li Yuehua , Zhao Song , Zhao Jinzhong
Published: June 2023

Background:

Increased femoral torsion (FT) or tibial torsion (TT) has been suggested to be a potential risk factor for recurrent patellofemoral instability. However, the influence of increased FT or TT on the postoperative clinical outcomes of recurrent patellofemoral instability has rarely been investigated.

Purpose:

To assess the effect of increased FT or TT on postoperative results in patients with recurrent patellofemoral instability after combined medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction (MPFLR) and tibial tubercle transfer, along with the influence of other risk factors.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Out of 91 patients, the study’s analyses included 86 patients with recurrent patellofemoral instability who were treated with MPFLR and tibial tubercle transfer and enrolled between April 2020 and January 2021. FT and TT were assessed using preoperative computed tomography images. According to the torsion value of FT or TT, patients were categorized into 3 groups for each of FT and TT: group A (<20°), group B (20°-30°), and group C (>30°). Patellar height, femoral trochlear dysplasia, and the tibial tuberosity–trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance were also assessed. Patient-reported outcome scores (Tegner, Kujala, International Knee Documentation Committee [IKDC], Lysholm, and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score [KOOS]) were evaluated pre- and postoperatively. Clinical failure of MPFLR was recorded. Subgroup analysis was conducted to evaluate the effect of increased FT or TT on the postoperative outcomes.

Results:

A total of 86 patients were enrolled with a median follow-up time of 25 months. At the final follow-up, all functional scores improved significantly. Patella alta, high-grade trochlear dysplasia, and increased TT-TG distance did not have any significant effect on the postoperative functional scores. Regarding FT, subgroup analysis indicated that all functional scores of group C were lower than those of groups A and B except the KOOS knee-related Quality of Life score. For TT, group C had lower scores than group A for all functional outcomes except Tegner and KOOS Quality of Life and lower scores than group B for Kujala, IKDC, KOOS (Symptoms and Sport and Recreation subscales), Tegner, and Lysholm scores. The comparison between group A and group B, whether for FT or TT, revealed no significant differences.

Conclusion:

For patients with recurrent patellofemoral instability, increased lower extremity torsion (FT or TT >30°) was associated with inferior postoperative clinical outcomes after combined MPFLR and tibial tubercle transfer.
Tibial Slope on Conventional Lateral Radiographs in Anterior Cruciate Ligament–Injured and Intact Knees: Mean Value and Outliers
Authors: Weiler Andreas , Berndt Rosa , Wagner Michael , Scheffler Sven , Schatka Imke , Gwinner Clemens
Published: June 2023

Background:

An increased tibial slope (TS) has been identified as a risk factor for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and graft failure after ACL reconstruction. However, different imaging modalities are used to determine the TS, resulting in divergent values. Consequently, no reference values and no consensus on thresholds can be reached, which in turn is mandatory for indicating correction osteotomies when facing outlier TS.

Purpose:

To determine the mean values of the TS and the incidence of their outliers in large cohorts of patients with ACL-injured and noninjured knees and to determine the feasibility of measuring TS on conventional lateral radiographs (CLRs).

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence 3.

Methods:

TS of ACL-injured knees (n = 1000, group A) and ACL-intact knees (n = 1000, group B) was measured by 3 experienced examiners. Medial TS was measured on CLRs using the technique of Dejour and Bonnin. Patients with radiographs with poor image quality, osteoarthritis, previous osteotomies, or nondigital radiographs were excluded. The intra- and interrater reliability was calculated using the intraclass correlation coefficient.

Results:

The mean TS was significantly higher in group A than in group B (10.04°± 3° [range, 2°-22°] vs 9.02°± 2.9° [range, 1°-18°], respectively; P < .001). Significantly more participants in group A had TS larger than 12° (≥12°, 32.2% vs 19.8%, P < .001; ≥13°, 20.9% vs 11.1%, P < .001; ≥14°, 13.5% vs 5.7%, P < .001; ≥15°, 8% vs 2.7%, P < .001; ≥16°, 3.7% vs 1.4%, P = .0005), respectively. In contrast, significantly more participatns in group B had TS 8° or less (≤8°, 32.1% vs 42.7%, P < .001; ≤7°, 20% vs 30.9%, P < .001; ≤6°, 12.4% vs 19.8%, P < .001; ≤5°, 6.6% vs 12%, P = .0003; ≤4°, 2.8% vs 5.3%, P = .0045). The intraclass correlation coefficient revealed a good to excellent reliability throughout measurements.

Conclusion:

Median values for the TS were 9° for uninjured and 10° for ACL-injured knees on CLRs. Notwithstanding its statistical significance, this finding might be negligible in clinical practice. However, a significantly larger number of outliers were found in the ACL-injured group exceeding a TS of 12° and demonstrating an incremental proportion with increasing TS, serving as a potential threshold for correction osteotomy. Furthermore, CLRs in the largest cohort to date exhibited high reproducibility, proving the feasibility of CLRs as a routine measurement for TS.