bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coordinated Development of Urban Intelligent Transportation Data System and Supply Chain Management
Authors: Chen Qian
Published: May 2022

With the development of the urban economy, the number of people using various means of transportation is also increasing, resulting in a huge workload of the traffic data system and prone to errors. Supply chain management can formulate a reasonable production plan according to the comprehensive information data generated by the supply chain management system, such as market demand analysis, purchasing demand analysis, and supplier assessment and evaluation. Therefore, this paper proposes the coordinated development of urban intelligent transportation data system and supply chain management, so as to improve the overall efficiency of the logistics system and the level of customer service. This paper aims to study the importance and advantages of the coordinated development of urban intelligent transportation data system and supply chain management. As can be seen from the data in Table 2, the percentage of people using a car increased by 18.2% in 2015, and by 2020, the percentage of people using a car increased by 36.9%. As shown in Figure 10, the traditional urban traffic data management system has the disadvantages of large amount of data and various and complex data types. Among them, the percentage of large amount of data is between 70% and 75%, and the percentage of diverse and complex data is between 62% and 68%. It can be seen that the number of people using cars is increasing, resulting in an increasing workload for the transportation system. On this basis, the intelligent traffic data system should be used to solve this problem and the coordinated development of the intelligent traffic data system and supply chain management can achieve a win-win situation.
Muscle Energy Technique plus Neurac Method in Stroke Patients with Hemiplegia Complicated by Diabetes Mellitus and Assessment of Quality of Life
Authors: Wang Jingyan , Wang Shuang , Wu Hongmei , Dong Shuxin , Zhang Baojun
Published: May 2022

Objective. To analyze the role of muscle energy technique (MET) plus Neurac method in stroke patients with hemiplegia complicated by diabetes mellitus and the impact on quality of life. Methods. From January 2021 to December 2021, 100 stroke patients with hemiplegia complicated by diabetes mellitus treated in our institution and assessed for eligibility were recruited and randomly assigned (1 : 3) via the random sampling method to either the conventional rehabilitation group or the experimental group. The patients in the experimental group were randomized (1 : 1 : 1) into either the MET group (receives MET), the Neurac group (receives Neurac), or the joint group (receives MET plus Neurac). The primary endpoint is the clinical efficacy, and the second endpoint is the quality of life. Results. The eligible patients had similar pretreatment Barthel index scores, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores, Berg balance scale (BBS) scores, Tinetti scores, Fugl-Meyer scores, and quality of life (QoL) scores (

P
>
0.05

). The treatment herein achieved significant improvements in Barthel index scores, VAS scores (

2.71
±
0.28

), BBS scores, Tinetti scores, Fugl-Meyer scores, and QoL scores (

99.67
±
10.62

), and MET plus Neurac method obtained the best results versus both the conventional rehabilitation and monotherapy of either MET or Neurac (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. Neurac method plus MET improves the independent mobility of stroke patients with hemiplegia and diabetes, relieves pain, enhances balance and stability, mitigates limb dysfunction, and boosts patients’ quality of life, so it is worthy of clinical application.
Research on Cultivation of Innovative Talents in Colleges and Universities Based on Fuzzy Evaluation Model
Authors: Tang Zhe
Published: May 2022

Since the 21st century, the main goal of talent training in China has gradually changed from cultivating compound talents to cultivating high-quality talents with typical innovative spirit and innovative ability. In order to give full play to the value of human resources in college and university function and improve the level of human resource management, this paper used the analytic hierarchy process, fuzzy evaluation model constructed, and the education and management of data analysis, together with the present situation of university human resources development and management, and explored the effective ways to optimize the human resource management in colleges and universities, college should shift from understanding, putting forward to optimize the structure, clear management responsibility, and improve the incentive mechanism and other innovative ideas.
The Influence of Figures in Warning Signs at the Manual Toll Station on the Lane Change Timing of Drivers in the Context of Virtual Reality of High‐Proportion ETC Vehicles
Authors: Zhi Su , Qunjie Peng , Chaolun Wang , Wang Xiang , Chen Ling
Published: May 2022

The increase of ETC (electronic toll collection system) vehicles on expressways has changed the proportion of ETC/MTC (manual toll collection system) lanes at toll stations. Based on a driving simulator, three toll gate lane warning sign schemes (scheme for present situation, MTC guidance scheme, and arrow + MTC guidance scheme) were proposed in this study. Driving simulation experiments were conducted to study the influence of figures in warning signs at the manual toll station on the lane change timing of drivers. It was found that the addition of arrows to the warning signs can significantly shorten the response time and guide the driver to make lane change decisions earlier to reduce the congestion between MTC vehicles and the mainline ETC vehicles at the toll plaza, thereby improving the traffic capacity and safety.
Perioperative Nursing Management of Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Ovarian Cystectomy Guided by Ultrasound Imaging under Intelligent Algorithm
Authors: Lin Shuanghong , Zhao Yi , Lei Dan , Mei Qiongfang , Fang Honggui , Wang Li
Published: May 2022

This study was aimed at exploring the application value of ultrasonic imaging-guided laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy after denoising by intelligent algorithms in perioperative nursing intervention of patients. In this study, convolutional downsampling was introduced to the UNet model, based on which the residual structure and Recon module were added to improve the UNet denoising model, which was applied to 100 patients who underwent ultrasound imaging-guided laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy. The patients were grouped into a control group receiving conventional nursing and an experimental group receiving perioperative nursing management. The various experimental indicators were comprehensively evaluated. The results revealed that after denoising using the improved UNet model, the ultrasound image showed no unnecessary interference noise, and the image clarity was significantly improved. In the experimental group, the operation time was

55.45
±
6.13

days, the intraoperative blood loss was

71.52
±
9.87

days, the postoperative exhaust time was

1.9
±
0.73

days, the time to get out of bed was

1.2
±
0.85

days, the complication rate was 8%, the hospitalization time was

7.3
±
2.6

days, and the nursing satisfaction rate reached 98%. All above aspects were significantly better than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (

P
<
0.05

). In short, the improved UNet denoising model can effectively eliminate the interference noise in ultrasound and restore high-quality ultrasound images. Perioperative nursing intervention can accelerate the recovery speed of patients, reduce the complication rate, and shorten the length of stay in hospital. Therefore, it was worthy of being widely used in clinical nursing.
The Cultivation Strategy of Children’s Football and Sports Core Literacy under the Background of Big Data and Internet of Things
Authors: Liu Hongbing , Ma Ning
Published: May 2022

Improving children’s physical and mental health is the main guarantee for quality education in my country, and it is also a key aspect to promote the all-round development of children and adolescents. Football is one of the most influential sports in the world today. It is a perfect fusion of speed, strength, endurance, skills, tactics, and teamwork spirit. The development level of football can reflect the overall physical condition of a country and the overall competitive level of the team to a certain extent. After a long period of great depression and recession in Chinese football, the national sports and education departments have gradually put the focus of their work on football, and school football education has also emerged to meet the needs of the development of the times. This paper mainly conducts in-depth research on the cultivation strategies of Chinese children’s football science core quality under the background of big data and the Internet of Things. This paper uses a questionnaire survey to obtain the research data. All the questionnaires are about the current situation of the cultivation of the core literacy of children’s football sports under the background of big data. Reliability analysis was carried out, and the analysis results showed that the questionnaire survey was effective. The current situation of cultivating the core quality of Chinese children’s football discipline has been studied, and through the survey, it is concluded that we should pay more attention to the cultivation of the core qualities of football disciplines. This paper conducts a questionnaire survey on the cultivation of children’s football literacy in the context of big data and the Internet of Things and then based on the findings of the questionnaire survey finds problems and provides targeted training strategies to improve children’s football literacy.
Use of Radiation Circuits for Diagnosis of Melanoma Skin Cancer in Images of Skin Lesions Using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Al-Azzawi Waleed Khalid , Chenchamma G. , Hamad Abdulsattar Abdullah , Alshudukhi Jalawi , Alhamazani Khalid Twarish , Meraf Zelalem
Published: May 2022

Melanoma skin cancer is a fatal illness. However, most melanomas can be treated with minimal surgery if found early. In this regard, the addition of image analysis techniques that automate skin cancer diagnosis would support and increase dermatologists’ diagnosis accuracy. As a result, enhanced melanoma detection can benefit patients who are showing indicators of the disease. Convolutional neural networks can learn from features hierarchically. Since the implementation of a neural network requires a large volume of images to achieve high accuracy rates, an insufficient number of skin cancer images represent an additional challenge in the detection of skin lesions; the current work aims to develop an intelligent system that allows, based on the analysis of images of skin lesions and contextual information of the patient, to accurately determine if it represents a case of melanoma‐type skin cancer. The TensorFlow library was used to execute models in the constructed app. The Mobilenet V2 model was used with a collection of 305 pictures retrieved from the Internet. Diagnoses included melanoma, plaque and psoriatic skin conditions, and Kaposi’s sarcoma and atopic dermatitis. There were two separate machines used to conduct the application tests. There was more than 75% acceptable performance in predicting Kaposi’s sarcoma‐like illnesses for melanoma‐like lesions, as well as plaque psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, respectively. Despite the low amount of images used in training, the constructed mobile application performed well.
Mechanical Properties of Ramie/Hemp Hybrid Composites Influenced by Stacking Arrangement and NaOH Treatment
Authors: Refaai Mohamad Reda A. , Narayanasamy Stalin , Das V. Chittaranjan , Prasad D. V. S. S. S. V. , Nalini N. , Thanappan Subash
Published: May 2022

This research is aimed at seeing how different stacking sequences and chemical treatments impact the mechanical characteristics of ramie–hemp composites. Hand-lay-up procedures were used to create a blend of woven ramie and hemp fibers. The woven ramie was treated with a diluted 6% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution to compare the mechanical properties of preserved and unpreserved ramie hybrid composites. According to the findings, the tensile properties of hybrid composites are better in three-layer composites than in four-layer composites. Hemp-based hybrid composites outperform other hybrid composites in terms of mechanical properties. Hybrid composites that have been treated have better tensile and flexural properties than hybrid composites that have not been treated. The sample H/R/H/R was found to have the best impact characteristics. This research is part of a more extensive investigation of hybrid composite’s application in high-velocity impact applications.
Effect of Water on Mechanical Properties of Coal Measures Mudstone Using Nanoindentation
Authors: Li Wenshuai , Jiang Bangyou , Gu Shitan
Published: May 2022

Mudstone rich in clay minerals exhibits an obvious water-induced weakening effect, and the mechanical properties of mudstone are significantly affected by the groundwater. To investigate the effect of water on mechanical characteristics of mudstone at microscale, a series of uniaxial compression and nanoindentation tests were conducted on mudstone specimens at different moisture contents. Microscale measurements are upscaled to estimate the corresponding magnitudes at the macroscale using the Mori-Tanaka method. The results showed that the indentation modulus varied significantly, from as low as 0.2 GPa to a quite high value of 125 GPa, indicating a strongly heterogeneous distribution of mudstone. The water illustrated a significant effect on the microscale mechanical properties of water-sensitivity minerals like clay minerals. The water-sensitivity minerals occupied the highest proportion of the mudstone and were believed to play an important role in the mechanical properties of mudstone. For water-bearing specimens, the comparison with elastic modulus data obtained from common method indicated similar values as those predicted by homogenization method. The results of this study indicated that nanoindentation technique is a feasible experimental technique to assess the macroscale mechanical properties of rock materials.
Experimental and Numerical Studies of the Film Cooling Effectiveness Downstream of a Curved Diffusion Film Cooling Hole
Authors: Yang Fan , Taslim Mohammad E.
Published: May 2022

Film cooling technology is a commonly used method for thermal protection of gas turbines’ hot sections. A new, shaped, film cooling hole is proposed in this study. The geometry is made of a straight-through cylindrical feed hole at an inclination angle of 30° followed by an expansion section. The expansion section is created by the rotation of the same circular hole on the inclination plane about an axis normal to that plane which passes through the center of the feed hole exit area. This shape was designed to decrease the deteriorating effects of kidney vortices by proper distribution of the coolant flow emerging from the hole exit area. Cases with four rotation angles (7°, 14°, 17.5°, and 21°) were studied both experimentally and numerically and for the blowing ratios of 0.5, 1, and 2.0. For comparisons, the commonly used 7°-7°-7° diffusion hole geometry was also tested under otherwise identical conditions. For data collection, the pressure-sensitive paint (PSP) technique was used to measure the film cooling effectiveness. Streamwise- and spanwise-averaged film effectiveness results were obtained to compare the performance of different geometries. The main conclusions were that the case of 21° rotation angle produced the highest film effectiveness and outperformed the 7°-7°-7° diffusion hole geometry.
Novel Passive Islanding Detection Technique by Monitoring Reverse Power at PCC
Authors: Usman Muhammad , Raza Safdar , Munir Hafiz Mudassir , Riaz Mughees , Bukhari Syed Sabir Hussain , Ro Jong-Suk
Published: May 2022

Power System of the age has included remarkable contribution of distributed energy resources (DERs). This inclusion has opened new era of research and studies. Islanding detection has become one of the important events in power system that is to be detected precisely. This study introduces a single-parameter-based passive technique for islanding detection which has zero nondetection zone without involvement of any signal processing tool. The proposed technique is tested for various islanding and nonislanding events. The simulation results prove that the suggested technique detects islanding event accurately and it is capable of distinguishing islanding and nonislanding events by an economical and simpler method.
Clonal Hematopoiesis Is Associated with Increased Risk of Severe Neurotoxicity in Axicabtagene Ciloleucel Therapy of Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Saini Neeraj Y. , Swoboda David M. , Greenbaum Uri , Ma Junsheng , Patel Romil D. , Devashish Kartik , Das Kaberi , Tanner Mark R. , Strati Paolo , Nair Ranjit , Fayad Luis , Ahmed Sairah , Lee Hun Ju , Iyer Swaminathan P. , Steiner Raphael , Jain Nitin , Nastoupil Loretta , Loghavi Sanam , Tang Guilin , Bassett Roland L. , Jain Preetesh , Wang Michael , Westin Jason R. , Green Michael R. , Sallman David A. , Padron Eric , Davila Marco L. , Locke Frederick L. , Champlin Richard E. , Garcia-Manero Guillermo , Shpall Elizabeth J. , Kebriaei Partow , Flowers Christopher R. , Jain Michael D. , Wang Feng , Futreal Andrew P. , Gillis Nancy , Neelapu Sattva S. , Takahashi Koichi
Published: May 2022

To explore the role of clonal hematopoiesis (CH) in chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy outcomes, we performed targeted deep sequencing on buffy coats collected during the 21 days before lymphodepleting chemotherapy from 114 large B-cell lymphoma patients treated with anti-CD19 CAR T cells. We detected CH in 42 (36.8%) pretreatment samples, most frequently in PPM1D (19/114) and TP53 (13/114) genes. Grade ≥3 immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) incidence was higher in CH-positive patients than CH-negative patients (45.2% vs. 25.0%, P = 0.038). Higher toxicities with CH were primarily associated with DNMT3A, TET2, and ASXL1 genes (DTA mutations). Grade ≥3 ICANS (58.9% vs. 25%, P = 0.02) and ≥3 cytokine release syndrome (17.7% vs. 4.2%, P = 0.08) incidences were higher in DTA-positive than in CH-negative patients. The estimated 24-month cumulative incidence of therapy-related myeloid neoplasms after CAR T-cell therapy was higher in CH-positive than CH-negative patients [19% (95% CI, 5.5–38.7) vs. 4.2% (95% CI, 0.3–18.4), P = 0.028].

Significance:

Our study reveals that CH mutations, especially those associated with inflammation (DNMT3A, TET2, and ASXL1), are associated with severe-grade neurotoxicities in lymphoma patients receiving anti-CD19 CAR T-cell therapy. Further studies to investigate the mechanisms and interventions to improve toxicities in the context of CH are warranted.

See related content by Uslu and June, p. 382.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 369
Awareness of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Disability: Pilot Study for Elderly Requiring Care and Caregivers
Authors: Suzuki Yukiko , Sudo Takayuki , Mochizuki Hideki
Published: May 2022

Aim: We aimed to investigate differences in the awareness of instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) disability between elderly patients with and without dementia requiring care. Methods: We assessed 25 elderly individuals requiring care and their primary caregivers using the Lawton IADL scale, with score differences between the patients and their caregivers representing the level of impaired awareness of IADL disability. Results: Among the participants, 80% exhibited impaired awareness of IADL disability. In terms of total score on the Lawton scale, there was no between-group difference in the occurrence of impaired awareness of IADL disability (p = 0.274, φ = 0.31). Contrastingly, regarding the subitems of the Lawton scale, the dementia group had a significantly higher number of participants with impaired awareness of responsibility for their own medications than the nondementia group (p = 0.030, φ = 0.47). Further, there were no significant between-group differences in the ability to use telephone, shopping, mode of transportation, or ability to handle finances. Conclusions: It is important for caregivers to notice the emergence of impaired awareness among the elderly as soon as possible to ensure early diagnosis and treatment. The results of this study suggest the need for caregivers to take care of the elderly patients with the perspective that they may develop impaired awareness of responsibility for their own medications.
HautTief Multidisciplinary Educational Program for Patients with Psoriasis or Atopic Dermatitis: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Sahin Ugur , Reeve Kelly , Tochtermann Giulia , Kilanowski Kamilla , Navarini Alexander , Imhof Laurence , Held Ulrike , Hofbauer Günther F.L.
Published: May 2022

Background: Improving health-related quality of life (HRQoL), disease severity, and treatment adherence through patient education is an increasingly important, yet relatively new area in dermatology. This randomized controlled trial aims to contribute to this growing area of research by exploring the effects of a 9-week educational program for patients with chronic skin diseases. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of a multidisciplinary educational program on HRQoL and disease severity in patients with psoriasis or atopic dermatitis (AD). Methods: Sixty-four patients with diagnosed psoriasis or AD were recruited from University Hospital Zurich and randomized (1:1) to the intervention or control group. To assess HRQoL, the following self-reported questionnaires were used: Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), Skindex-29, EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D), RAND 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) to measure depression symptoms. Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) and the Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) were used to capture disease extent. These scores were assessed at four study visits, which were performed at baseline and 3, 6, and 9 months after the start of the program. Results: At month 6, an improvement of at least 25% in BDI was recorded in 15 (68.2%) of 22 patients in the intervention group and 6 (27.3%) of 22 patients in the control group (difference 40.9%, p = 0.016). 53.3% (16 of 30) of patients achieved an improvement in one subdomain of the SF-36 score (role limitations due to emotional problems) at 6-month follow-up, compared with 23.1% (6 of 26) of those not attending the educational program (difference 30.2%; p = 0.042). No significant differences in DLQI, Skindex-29, EQ-5D, PASI, and EASI between both groups at the three time points were found. Conclusion: An educational program may improve HRQoL and depression status of patients with psoriasis or AD.
Immune-Nutritional Status as a Novel Prognostic Predictor of Bell’s Palsy
Authors: Yamamoto Kengo , Kurioka Takaomi , Ohki Motofumi , Ohashi Kentaro , Harada Yuki , Asako Yukiko , Sano Hajime , Yamashita Taku
Published: May 2022

Introduction: The prognosis of Bell’s palsy, idiopathic facial nerve palsy (FNP), is usually predicted by electroneuronography in subacute phase. However, it would be ideal to establish a reliable and objective examination applicable in acute phase to predict the prognosis of FNP. Immune-nutritional status (INS) calculated from peripheral blood examination is recently reported as the prognostic factor in various disease. However, the validity of INS as the prognostic factor in Bell’s palsy is not well known. Thus, we conducted a retrospective study to investigate the usefulness of INS as prognostic predictors of Bell’s palsy. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 79 patients with Bell’s palsy and divided into two groups as “complete recovery” and “incomplete recovery” groups. Clinical features such as severity of FNP and INS, including neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR), prognostic nutritional index (PNI), and controlling nutrition status (CONUT) score, were assessed. Results: In univariate analysis, statistically significant differences were observed in clinical score of facial movement, NLR, LMR, PNI, and CONUT score at the initial examination between the two groups (p < 0.05). Furthermore, in multivariate analysis, statistically significant differences were also observed in facial movement score and PNI at the initial examination (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Immune and nutritional condition play important roles in the pathogenesis of Bell’s palsy, suggesting that INS would be one of the useful prognostic factors in Bell’s palsy.
Scleral Buckling Alone or in Combination with Pars Plana Vitrectomy for Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Repair: A Meta-Analysis of 7,212 Eyes
Authors: Nichani Prem A.H. , Dhoot Arjan S. , Popovic Marko M. , Eshtiaghi Arshia , Mihalache Andrew , Sayal Aman P. , Yu Hannah J. , Wykoff Charles C. , Kertes Peter J. , Muni Rajeev H.
Published: May 2022

Purpose: The efficacy and safety of scleral buckling (SB) versus combination SB and pars plana vitrectomy (SB + PPV) for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) repair remains unclear. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to identify comparative studies published from Jan 2000–Jun 2021 that reported on the efficacy and/or safety following SB and SB + PPV for RRD repair. Final best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) represented the primary endpoint, while reattachment rates and ocular adverse events were secondary endpoints. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed, and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results: Across 18 studies, 3912 SB and 3300 SB + PPV eyes were included. Final BCVA was nonsignificantly different between SB and SB + PPV (20/38 vs. 20/66 Snellen; WMD = −0.11 LogMAR; 95% CI: [–0.29, 0.07]; p = 0.23). Primary reattachment rate was similar between procedures (p = 0.74); however, SB alone achieved a significantly higher final reattachment rate (97.40% vs. 93.86%; RR = 1.03; 95% CI: [1.00, 1.06]; p = 0.04). Compared to SB + PPV, SB alone had a significantly lower risk of postoperative macular edema (RR = 0.69; 95% CI: [0.47, 1.00]; p = 0.05) and cataract formation (RR = 0.34; 95% CI: [0.12, 0.96]; p = 0.04). The incidence of macular hole, epiretinal membrane, residual subretinal fluid, proliferative vitreoretinopathy, elevated intraocular pressure, and extraocular muscle dysfunction were similar between SB and SB + PPV. Conclusions: There was no significant difference in final BCVA between SB + PPV and SB alone in RRD. SB alone offers a slightly higher final reattachment rate along with a reduced risk of macular edema and cataract. Primary reattachment rate and the incidence of other complications were similar between the two procedures.
“¿Ella sabe comer?” Comida, construcción de la persona y relaciones étnico-sociales en los Andes de Conchucos, Perú
Authors: Venturoli Sofia
Published: May 2022

En las comunidades campesinas de la provincia de Huari, Ancash, Perú, los platos de comida, los principales ingredientes y la forma de cocinarlos construyen un sistema semiótico que enuncia una jerarquía social construida sobre la base de categorías étnicas. Lo que una persona come, de donde proceden los alimentos que asume, y que ofrece en almuerzos colectivos, vehiculan su identidad étnico-social. Así mismo, las categorías étnicas están inscritas en el espacio regional, el lugar de origen rastrea la identidad étnica según dinámicas que se despliegan también a nivel nacional y que remontan a procesos históricos. Sin embargo, veremos cómo esas dinámicas pueden ser fluidas y móviles produciendo espacios de negociaciones de nuevas posiciones étnico-sociales.
Covid-19 no Brasil em 2020: impacto nas mortes por câncer e doenças cardiovasculares
Authors: Jardim Beatriz Cordeiro , Migowski Arn , Corrêa Flávia de Miranda , Azevedo e Silva Gulnar
Published: May 2022

OBJETIVO Analisar o impacto da pandemia de covid-19 sobre a mortalidade por câncer e por doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) como causa básica e comorbidade no Brasil e em suas regiões em 2020. MÉTODOS Foram utilizadas as bases de dados de 2019 e 2020 do Sistema de Informações de Mortalidade (SIM), analisando os óbitos ocorridos entre março e dezembro de cada ano que tiveram o câncer e as DCV como causa básica ou como comorbidade. Também foram analisados os óbitos por covid-19 em 2020. Para o cálculo da Razão de Mortalidade Padronizada (RMP) e estimativa do excesso de mortes, os dados de 2019 foram considerados como padrão. RESULTADOS Entre março e dezembro de 2020 ocorreram no Brasil 181.377 mortes por câncer e 291.375 mortes por doenças cardiovasculares, indicando redução de 9,7% e de 8,8%, respectivamente, em relação ao mesmo período do ano anterior. O padrão foi mantido nas cinco regiões brasileiras, com menor variação para o câncer (-8,4% na Região Sul a -10,9% na Região Centro-Oeste). Para as DCV houve uma maior variação, de -2,2% na Região Norte até -10,5 nas regiões Sudeste e Sul. No mesmo período de 2020, essas enfermidades foram classificadas como comorbidade em 18.133 óbitos por câncer e 188.204 óbitos por doenças cardiovasculares, indicando um excesso proporcional, se comparado aos dados de 2019, de 82,1% e 77,9%, respectivamente. Esse excesso foi mais expressivo na Região Norte, com razão de 2,5 entre mortes observadas e esperadas, para as duas condições estudadas. CONCLUSÕES O excesso de óbitos por câncer e DCV como comorbidade em 2020 pode indicar que a covid-19 teve um importante impacto entre pacientes portadores dessas condições.
Saline Versus Balanced Crystalloids for Adults With Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Subgroup Analysis of the SMART Trial
Authors: Mistry Akshitkumar M. , Magarik Jordan A. , Feldman Michael J. , Wang Li , Lindsell Christopher J. , Fusco Matthew R. , Chitale Rohan V. , Bernard Gordon R. , Self Wesley H. , Rice Todd W. , Hughes Christopher G. , Mistry Eva A. , Semler Matthew W.
Published: May 2022

Background

Whether the composition of intravenous crystalloid solutions affects outcomes in adults with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) remains unknown. Therefore, we determined whether the use of saline is associated with a lower risk of disability and death in patients with aSAH compared with balanced crystalloids.

Methods

We conducted a post hoc subgroup analysis of SMART (Isotonic
S
olutions and
M
ajor
A
dverse
R
enal Events
T
rial), a pragmatic, unblinded, cluster‐randomized, multiple‐crossover clinical trial that enrolled 15 802 adults between June 2015 and April 2017. We compared IV administration of saline to balanced crystalloids in consecutively enrolled patients with aSAH aged 18 years or older whose ruptured aneurysm was procedurally secured at a single academic center in the United States. The primary outcome was the score on the modified Rankin scale (range, 0 [no symptoms]–6 [death]) at 90 days obtained from a prospective institutional stroke registry. Secondary outcome included death by 90 days. Logistic or proportional odds regression models were used to test for between‐group differences adjusted for age, hypertension, aSAH grade, and procedure type.

Results

Of the 79 patients with aSAH procedurally treated during the Isotonic Solutions and Major Adverse Renal Events Trial study period, 78 were enrolled (median age, 58 years; interquartile range, 49–64.5; 64% female), with 41 (53%) assigned to saline and 37 (47%) to balanced crystalloids. Plasma‐Lyte was the primary balanced crystalloid used. Among 72 patients with 90‐day modified Rankin scale assessment, the adjusted common odds ratio, for the modified Rankin scale was 0.68 (95% CI, 0.28–1.63;
P
=0.39), with values <1.0 favoring saline. By 90 days, 2/39 patients (5%) in the saline group and 9/35 (26%) in the balanced‐crystalloids group had died (adjusted common odds ratio, 0.06; 95% CI, 0.00–0.50;
P
=0.02).

Conclusions

Among procedurally treated patients with aSAH, the risk of disability or death at 90 days did not significantly differ between saline and balanced crystalloids. Death occurred less frequently with saline than balanced crystalloids.
Topographical Analysis of Aneurysm Wall Enhancement With 3‐Dimensional Mapping
Authors: Raghuram Ashrita , Varon Alberto , Sanchez Sebastian , Ishii Daizo , Wu Chaorong , Magnotta Vincent A. , Hasan David M. , Koscik Timothy R. , Samaniego Edgar A.
Published: May 2022

Background

Aneurysm wall enhancement has been identified as a potential biomarker for aneurysm instability. Enhancement has been determined by different approaches on 2‐dimensional multiplanar views. This study describes a new method to quantify enhancement through 3‐dimensional (3D) heatmaps and histograms.

Methods

A custom algorithm was developed using orthogonal probes extending from the aneurysm lumen into the wall to create 3D heatmaps and histograms of wall enhancement on 7T magnetic resonance imaging. Three quantitative metrics for general, specific, and focal wall enhancement were generated from the histograms.

Results

Thirty‐two aneurysms were analyzed and classified based on 3D heatmaps and histograms. Larger aneurysms were more enhancing (Spearman
r
=0.472;
P
=0.006) and had more heterogeneous enhancement (Spearman
r
=0.557;
P
<0.001) than smaller aneurysms. Patterns of enhancement differed between saccular, fusiform, and thrombosed aneurysms. Fusiform aneurysms were larger (
P
=0.015) and had more heterogenous enhancement compared with saccular aneurysms. Fusiform aneurysms had more areas of focal enhancement (
P
<0.001) and right‐skewed histograms (
P
=0.003).

Conclusion

The 3D analysis of aneurysm wall enhancement provides topographic data of the entire aneurysm wall. New metrics developed based on this method show that large and fusiform aneurysms have heterogenous enhancement.
Premature Deindustrialization Risk in Asian Latecomer Developing Economies
Authors: Taguchi Hiroyuki , Tsukada Yuta
Published: May 2022

This study examines the risk of premature deindustrialization in latecomer developing countries in Asia, focusing on their manufacturing output ratio. Diverging from the literature that treats Asian economies as a group with comparative advantages in manufacturing, this empirical analysis adopts the latecomer index to demonstrate downward shifts in the latecomers’ manufacturing–income relationship, implying a premature deindustrialization risk. Furthermore, it shows that the risk is higher for manufacturing trade-deficit countries (compared with trade-surplus countries) and for South Asian countries (compared with Southeast Asian countries). Therefore, Asian economies should improve their logistics performance for greater global value chain participation to avoid premature deindustrialization.
Full-Span Log-Linear Model and Fast Learning Algorithm
Authors: Takabatake Kazuya , Akaho Shotaro
Published: May 2022

The full-span log-linear (FSLL) model introduced in this letter is considered an nth order Boltzmann machine, where n is the number of all variables in the target system. Let X=(X0,…,Xn-1) be finite discrete random variables that can take |X|=|X0|…|Xn-1| different values. The FSLL model has |X|-1 parameters and can represent arbitrary positive distributions of X. The FSLL model is a highest-order Boltzmann machine; nevertheless, we can compute the dual parameter of the model distribution, which plays important roles in exponential families in O(|X|log|X|) time. Furthermore, using properties of the dual parameters of the FSLL model, we can construct an efficient learning algorithm. The FSLL model is limited to small probabilistic models up to |X|≈225; however, in this problem domain, the FSLL model flexibly fits various true distributions underlying the training data without any hyperparameter tuning. The experiments showed that the FSLL successfully learned six training data sets such that |X|=220 within 1 minute with a laptop PC.
Attack on crypsis: Molecular and morphological study of Dendrodoris Ehrenberg, 1831 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Nudibranchia) from the Mediterranean Sea and Northern Atlantic Ocean reinstates Dendrodoris temarana Pruvot-Fol, 1953
Authors: GALIÀ-CAMPS CARLES , CERVERA JUAN LUCAS , VALDÉS ÁNGEL , BALLESTEROS MANUEL
Published: May 2022

The genus Dendrodoris is ascribed to the family Dendrodorididae, whose members are characterized lacking spicules in the dorsum as well as a radula, one of the most important taxonomic traits to distinguish and define nudibranch species. The absence of this taxonomic character makes difficult to delineate species based on morphologic traits, and consequently, several cryptic species may remain unreported resulting in a potential underestimation of the real diversity of the genus. Species delimitation analyses based on molecular data constitute an important tool to unveil cryptic species, especially when morphology may be misleading. However, for the genus Dendrodoris, only two molecular studies have been performed to date, both based on Indo-pacific species and the molecular marker COI. In the present study, we performed a multilocus approach using the molecular markers COI, 16S and H3 based on 47 Dendrodoris specimens from the North Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. As a result, we detected monophyly for five of the previously accepted species plus the presence of an unidentified one. Using morphological and anatomical data from 14 additional individuals and a review of the literature, we verified this unidentified species is the previously synonymized species Dendrodoris temarana Pruvot-Fol, 1953, and we redescribe it morphologically (chromatic pattern, gills, rhinophores and anal papilla), anatomically (neural, circulatory, digestive and reproductive systems), and biologically herein. D. temarana is differentiated by its chromatic pattern, previously thought to be intraspecific variation of D. grandiflora (Rapp, 1827), D. limbata (Cuvier, 1804) and D. herytra Valdés & Ortea in Valdés, Ortea, Avila & Ballesteros, 1996, and therefore it is considered a pseudocryptic species. This study increases the number of valid species in the North Atlantic and Mediterranean to nine and confirms the importance of integrative taxonomic approaches to resolve the identification of cryptic species in complex groups.
Contributions to the knowledge of Ceroys (Miroceroys) Piza, 1936 (Phasmatodea: Heteronemiidae): two new mossy stick insects from the Atlantic Forest of Brazil
Authors: CRISPINO EDGAR B. , GHIROTTO VICTOR M. , ENGELKING PHILLIP W.
Published: May 2022

Several lineages of stick insects (Phasmatodea) are poorly studied, especially in the Neotropics. Recently, Brazilian stick insects have been subject of significant research and, among them, the Heteronemiidae, although several genera remain to be explored. Pygirhynchini is an Heteronemiidae lineage currently containing four genera, of which three occur in Brazil: Ceroys, Canuleius and Pygirhynchus. The former is subdivided in Ceroys (Ceroys) and Ceroys (Miroceroys) based on ornamentation variations absence or presence of a spine on the scapus. We describe two new species, Ceroys (Miroceroys) cancelloae sp. nov. and Ceroys (Miroceroys) indicattii sp. nov. based on both sexes and eggs. The new species inhabit submontane, ombrophilous Atlantic Forest in Southeast Brazil and can be differentiated from other Ceroys (Miroceroys) by conspicuous features of external morphology of adults and eggs. We also briefly describe and illustrate nymphal stages of C. cancelloae sp. nov. and present notes on the biology of both species, and a distribution map for the genus, increasing the scarce knowledge of the natural history of phasmids in Brazil.
Snowpack driven streamflow predictability under future climate: contrasting changes across two western Canadian river basins
Authors: Shrestha Rajesh R. , Dibike Yonas B. , Bonsal Barrie R.
Published: May 2022

Anthropogenic climate change induced snowpack loss is affecting streamflow predictability, as it becomes less dependent on the initial snowpack conditions and more dependent on meteorological forecasts. We assess future changes to seasonal streamflow predictability over two large river basins, Liard and Athabasca in western Canada, by approximating streamflow response from the variable infiltration capacity (VIC) hydrologic model with the Bayesian regularized neutral network (BRNN) machine learning emulator. We employ the BRNN emulator in a test-bed ensemble streamflow prediction system by treating VIC simulated snow water equivalent (SWE) as a known predictor, and precipitation and temperature from GCMs as ensemble forecasts, thereby isolating the effect of SWE on streamflow predictability. We assess warm-season mean and maximum flow predictability over 2041-2070 and 2071-2100 future periods against 1981-2010 historical period. The results indicate contrasting patterns of change, with the predictive skills for mean flow generally declining for the two basins, and marginally increasing or decreasing for the headwater subbasins. The predictive skill for maximum flow declines for the relatively warmer Athabasca basin, and improves for the colder Liard basin and headwater subbasins. While the decreasing skill for the Athabasca is attributable to substantial loss in SWE, the improvement for the Liard and headwaters can be attributed to an earlier maximum flow timing that reduces the forecast horizon and offsets the effect of SWE loss. Overall, while the future change in SWE does affect the streamflow prediction skill, the loss of SWE alone is not a sufficient condition for the reduction in streamflow predictability.
Seasonality of the Mesoscale Inverse Cascade as Inferred from Global Scale-Dependent Eddy Energy Observations
Authors: Steinberg Jacob M. , Cole Sylvia T. , Drushka Kyla , Abernathey Ryan P.
Published: May 2022

Oceanic mesoscale motions including eddies, meanders, fronts, and filaments comprise a dominant fraction of oceanic kinetic energy and contribute to the redistribution of tracers in the ocean such as heat, salt, and nutrients. This reservoir of mesoscale energy is regulated by the conversion of potential energy and transfers of kinetic energy across spatial scales. Whether and under what circumstances mesoscale turbulence precipitates forward or inverse cascades, and the rates of these cascades, remain difficult to directly observe and quantify despite their impacts on physical and biological processes. Here we use global observations to investigate the seasonality of surface kinetic energy and upper-ocean potential energy. We apply spatial filters to along-track satellite measurements of sea surface height to diagnose surface eddy kinetic energy across 60–300-km scales. A geographic and scale-dependent seasonal cycle appears throughout much of the midlatitudes, with eddy kinetic energy at scales less than 60 km peaking 1–4 months before that at 60–300-km scales. Spatial patterns in this lag align with geographic regions where an Argo-derived estimate of the conversion of potential to kinetic energy is seasonally varying. In midlatitudes, the conversion rate peaks 0–2 months prior to kinetic energy at scales less than 60 km. The consistent geographic patterns between the seasonality of potential energy conversion and kinetic energy across spatial scale provide observational evidence for the inverse cascade and demonstrate that some component of it is seasonally modulated. Implications for mesoscale parameterizations and numerical modeling are discussed.

Significance Statement

This study investigates the seasonality of upper-ocean potential and kinetic energy in the context of an inverse cascade, consisting of energy transfers to and through the mesoscale. Observations show a scale-dependent cycle in kinetic energy that coincides with temporal variability in mixed layer potential energy and progresses seasonally from smaller to larger scales. This pattern appears dominant over large regions of the ocean. Results are relevant to ocean and climate models, where a large fraction of ocean energy is often parameterized. A customizable code repository and dataset are provided to enable comparisons of model-based resolved and unresolved kinetic energy to observational equivalents. Implications result for a range of processes including mixed layer stratification and vertical structure of ocean currents.
Confidence and Communication Preferences on Weather Forecasts among University Students in Spain
Authors: Gómez Igor , Valor Enric , Molina Sergio , Niclòs Raquel , Caselles Vicente
Published: May 2022

Weather forecasts affect many persons’ lives and are used by the general public on a daily basis. However, they are not perfect, and there is an uncertainty associated with the current weather forecasts; users should be aware of this uncertainty. Previous research analyzes the perceptions, uses, and interpretations of uncertainty of Spanish undergraduate students. This study continues with this research line, but we investigate the degree of confidence and communication preferences of students enrolled in three meteorology-related subjects taught at two universities in Spain. We evaluated to what extent students trust in the current weather forecasts and analyzed how students are aware of the uncertainty associated with the forecasts considering different lead times. In addition, we assessed how students value the forecast of several weather elements as well as the students’ preferences for deterministic versus nondeterministic forecasts under two weather situations, with different degree of complexity in the forecast communication. A Google Form questionnaire was developed to address these issues. The survey was conducted in 2018/19, and 101 participants anonymously filled out the survey. Participants were enrolled in three different subjects taught in the degree in marine sciences at the University of Alicante and the degrees in environmental sciences and physics at the University of Valencia. Results show that students have a well-formed opinion of weather forecasts, both for confidence and in relation to the trend found in the current weather forecasts toward less accurate forecasts for larger lead times. For students’ preferences for deterministic versus nondeterministic forecasts, a significant majority of participants prefer weather forecasts that incorporate some uncertainty; a minority prefer single-valued (deterministic) forecasts. In comparing our results with those found in previous studies in different countries and contexts, similar outcomes are observed in general, but some differences are highlighted as well.