bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Direct Somatic Embryogenesis: A Highly Efficient Protocol for In Vitro Regeneration of Habanero Pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.)
Authors: López-Puc Guadalupe , Canto-Flick Adriana , Barredo-Pool Felipe , Zapata-Castillo Patricia , Montalvo-Peniche María del C. , Barahona-Pérez Felipe , Santana-Buzzy Nancy , Iglesias-Andreu Lourdes
Published: March 2019

To induce somatic embryogenesis in habanero pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.), the cultivar BVll-03, belonging to the red type, was used. Different explants were evaluated, as were different culture media, the composition of which varied in the content of plant growth regulators. Results showed the formation of somatic embryos from cotyledons, zygotic embryos, germinated zygotic embryos, hypocotyls, and cotyledonary leaves. Explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 2,4-D (9.05 μm). The somatic embryos always formed directly from the explant, without callus formation, and the greatest efficiency was obtained when segments of hypocotyls were cultured, obtaining 175 ± 20 somatic embryos per explant. Only the somatic embryos obtained on Murashige and Skoog medium containing 2,4-D (9.05 μm) and treated with abscisic acid (ABA) (1.89 μm) before their transfer to the germination media (Murashige and Skoog + 1.1 μm GA3) emitted their radicule and expanded their cotyledonary leaves (60%), whereas the remaining embryos did not achieve germination because of different causes (abnormalities, delayed development). Not only is this protocol of somatic embryogenesis the first to be reported for this species (C. chinense Jacq.), but it is also the most efficient reported so far, within the Capsicum genus.
Efficacy of Colchicine and Trifluralin in Creating In Vitro Autotetraploid Gaura lindheimeri Engelm. and Gray
Authors: Pietsch Grace M. , Anderson Neil O.
Published: March 2019

Gaura lindheimeri is a diploid herbaceous perennial species native to Texas and Louisiana and winter hardy only to USDA hardiness zone 5. A potential source of winter hardiness is G. coccinea Pursh., a polyploid widely distributed in North America; of particular interest are autotetraploid populations of G. coccinea from Minnesota. To facilitate interspecific hybridization, a tetraploid G. lindheimeri would be advantageous. Two G. lindheimeri genotypes, MN selections 443-1 and 01G-02, were treated with two different antimitotic agents at two concentrations, trifluralin—15 and 30 μm and colchicine—0.25 and 1.25 mm, along with appropriate controls, to determine the frequency of chromosome doubling. Two-node stem sections were treated for 12, 24, or 48 h and then rooted and grown to flowering. Pollen diameter was measured as an indicator of chromosome doubling in cell layer LII, and morphologic characteristics (days to flower, flower size, plant height, inflorescence height, and plant width) were recorded for all plants. Chromosome doubling was not observed in any plant treated with trifluralin. Based on pollen diameter, genotype 443–1 only had chromosome doubling in the colchicine 1.25 mm concentration when treated for 12 h. All durations of colchicine at 1.25 mm were successful for genotype 01G-02 as well as a small percent treated with colchicine at 0.25 mm treated for 48 h. Autotetraploid plants (2n = 4x = 28) had larger flowers in both genotypes, and autotetraploid derivatives of genotype 01G-02 flowered earlier and were taller than diploid plants. Conformation changes from three-lobed to four-lobed pollen grains were observed when pollen diameter approached that expected of 2n pollen. Visual screening of pollen for conformation changes can quickly determine if chromosome doubling in cell layer LII has occurred. With the autotetraploid G. lindheimeri derived from colchicine application, crosses can be performed with autotetraploid G. coccinea to introgress cold tolerance. Additional breeding can also be done at the tetraploid level to develop new autotetraploid cultivars of G. lindheimeri.
Effects of Ammonium Nitrogen on Lettuce Grown on Pumice in a Closed Hydroponic System
Authors: Savvas D. , Passam H.C. , Olympios C. , Nasi E. , Moustaka E. , Mantzos N. , Barouchas P.
Published: March 2019

Two successive lettuce crops were grown in spring 2005 in a completely closed hydroponic system. The ratio of ammonium to total nitrogen (Nr) in the fresh nutrient solution (FNS) introduced into the closed system to compensate for plant uptake was 0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 on a molar basis. In all Nr treatments, the concentrations of total N, K, Ca, Mg, P, and micronutrients in the FNS were identical, but that of SO42– increased as Nr increased, to compensate electrochemically for the enhanced NH4+ and decreased NO3– supply. The highest fresh and dry weights per plant were attained with the highest ammonium supply (Nr = 0.3) but, even when no NH4+ was included in the FNS as an N source, the plants were healthy without apparent nutritional disorders. The ammonium concentration in the drainage solution dropped to nearly zero in all treatments some days after the initiation of recycling, which implies a preferential uptake of NH4-N over NO3-N. The root zone pH, as indicated by the values measured in the drainage solution, decreased slightly as Nr increased, and ranged from 6.5 to 8.0 in all treatments. The leaf K, Ca, Mg, and Fe concentrations were not influenced, whereas those of P, Mn, Zn, and Cu were enhanced by the increasing NH4+ supply. The increased ammonium supply did not enhance the utilization of N in plant metabolism, although it reduced the nitrate concentration of the internal leaves in the early spring experiment. The leaf micronutrient concentrations were clearly more than critical levels even when NO3– was the sole N source for lettuce, whereas the P concentration approached the lowest critical level when Nr was 0 or 0.1. The stimulation of lettuce growth as Nr was increased to 0.3 may be a consequence of enhanced P uptake resulting from better control of pH in the root zone.
Nutrient Release from Controlled-release Fertilizers in a Neutral-pH Substrate in an Outdoor Environment: I. Leachate Electrical Conductivity, pH, and Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Concentrations
Authors: Newman Julie P. , Albano Joseph P. , Merhaut Donald J. , Blythe Eugene K.
Published: March 2019

Release characteristics of four different polymer-coated fertilizers (Multicote, Nutricote, Osmocote, and Polyon) were studied over a 47-week period in a simulated outdoor, containerized plant production system. The 2.4-L containers, filled with high-fertility, neutral-pH substrate, were placed on benches outdoors to simulate the environmental conditions often used for sun-tolerant, woody perennials grown in the southwestern United States. Container leachates were collected weekly and monitored for electrical conductivity, pH, and concentrations of NH4+N, NO3–N, total P, and total K. Concentrations of most nutrients in leachates were relatively high, but fluctuated frequently during the first third of the study period, and then gradually decreased and stabilized during the last 27 weeks. Osmocote often resulted in greater NH4+ and total inorganic N concentrations in leachates than other fertilizers during weeks 1 through 5, whereas Multicote produced higher NH4+ in leachates than most of the other fertilizer types during weeks 9 through 12. Overall, total P concentrations were greater with Multicote during a third of the experimental period, especially when compared with Osmocote and Polyon. Differences were also observed among treatments for leachate concentrations of K, with Polyon and Multicote fertilizers producing greater K concentrations in leachates compared with Osmocote during several weeks throughout the experimental period. Leachate concentrations of NO3–N and P from all fertilizer types were usually high, especially from week 5 through week 30.
Nutrient Release from Controlled-release Fertilizers in a Neutral-pH Substrate in an Outdoor Environment: II. Leachate Calcium, Magnesium, Iron, Manganese, Zinc, Copper, and Molybdenum Concentrations
Authors: Albano Joseph P. , Merhaut Donald J. , Blythe Eugene K. , Newman Julie P.
Published: March 2019

Nutrient release characteristics of four different controlled-release fertilizers (Osmocote, Nutricote, Polyon, and Multicote) were monitored during an 11-month period in a simulated outdoor nursery production facility. Although no plants were used in the experiment, fertilization rates, irrigation regimes, and cultural practices simulated those typically used to produce fast-growing, high-nutrient-requiring containerized woody ornamentals. Fertilizer prill release characteristics were monitored through analyses of leachates, which were collected weekly. Concentrations of Mg, Mn, Zn, Cu, and Mo were relatively high during the first 5 to 10 weeks of the experiment, then declined and usually stabilized during the remainder of the study. However, Mn and Zn displayed erratic increases in concentrations several times throughout the study. Calcium concentrations did not increase until the fifth week, rapidly peaked to about 300 mg·L–1, and then decreased and leveled off to ≈80 to 100 mg·L–1 during the remainder of the study. Several significant differences were observed between treatments. The Osmocote treatment had significantly greater Ca and Mg concentrations in the leachate than the other fertilizer types during the last 6 weeks of the study, whereas the Nutricote treatment often had significantly greater Fe concentrations than leachates from other treatments, especially during the last 26 to 35 weeks of the study, and significantly greater Zn concentrations than the other CRFs during the last 21 weeks of the study. Based upon U.S. Environmental Protection Agency guidelines, concentrations of Fe were often more than the allowable limit of 0.3 mg·L–1 with all fertilizer types, but especially with Nutricote. Concentrations of Mn and Cu also exceeded federal guidelines, particularly during the first several weeks of the study.
Comparison of Growth and Alkalinity-induced Responses in Two Cultivars of Hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.)
Authors: Valdez-Aguilar Luis Alonso , Reed David William
Published: March 2019

Response to alkalinity was evaluated in two hibiscus cultivars, Bimini Breeze and Carolina Breeze, grown in a soilless growing medium and in hydroponic culture. For soilless growing medium, plants were potted in a sphagnum peat–perlite-based substrate and irrigated with solutions containing 0 to 10 mm NaHCO3 for 12 weeks. In hydroponic culture, bare-rooted plants were transferred to a 9-L tray containing a Hoagland's nutrient solution prepared with NaHCO3 at the concentrations previously indicated. In soilless growing medium, shoot dry weight was minimally affected by NaHCO3 concentration for `Bimini Breeze', but `Carolina Breeze' exhibited a significant decrease in shoot mass with increasing NaHCO3 concentration. In hydroponic culture, increasing concentration of NaHCO3 induced a decrease in shoot and root mass in both cultivars, but root mass decrease was more pronounced in `Bimini Breeze'. In soilless growing medium, increasing the concentration of NaHCO3 caused an increase in growing medium pH. The pH increase was less pronounced for `Bimini Breeze' than for `Carolina Breeze', indicating a higher capacity for root zone acidification by `Bimini Breeze'. Newly developed leaves of both cultivars showed increasing chlorosis with increasing NaHCO3 concentration. However, `Bimini Breeze' was more tolerant because, according to regression models, 5.7 mm NaHCO3 would be required to reduce chlorophyll levels by 10%, compared with 2.2 mm for `Carolina Breeze', when grown in soilless medium. Fe reductase activity decreased when `Carolina Breeze' plants were grown in 5 mm NaHCO3. However, in `Bimini Breeze', Fe reductase activity was enhanced. These observations indicate that the increased tolerance of `Bimini Breeze' to increasing alkalinity is the result of enhanced Fe reductase activity and increased acidification of the root zone.
Improvement in Growth, Yield, and Fruit Quality of Three Red Sweet Pepper Cultivars by Foliar Application of Humic and Salicylic Acids
Authors: Ibrahim Abdullah , Abdel-Razzak Hesham , Wahb-Allah Mahmoud , Alenazi Mekhled , Alsadon Abdullah , Dewir Yaser Hassan
Published: March 2019

The present study reports on the effect of humic and salicylic acids on the growth, yield, and fruit quality of three red sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) cultivars: Barbero, Ferrari, and Imperio. The plants were grown in a greenhouse and the leaves were treated with humic or salicylic acids at 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 g·L−1 at 20, 40, and 60 days after transplanting. Foliar application of humic or salicylic acids significantly increased vegetative growth, fruit yield, and quality of the three cultivars as compared with the control plants. However, salicylic acid treatment proved more effective than humic acid treatment. Red sweet pepper plants of all three cultivars sprayed with 1.5 g·L−1 salicylic acid showed the greatest vegetative growth; fruit yield components, such as fruit number, diameter, and fresh and dry weights; and fruit quality traits, such as vitamin C content, total soluble solid content, titratable acidity, and total sugar content, than the plants in all other treatments. There were significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) among cultivars in response to humic and salicylic acid foliar application; ‘Ferrari’ showed significantly higher yield and productivity than ‘Barbero’ or ‘Imperio’. ‘Ferrari’ plants sprayed with 1.5 g·L−1 salicylic acid showed the highest fruit weight (202.41 g) and flesh thickness (68 mm), both of which are preferred by consumers, and therefore, have increased market value. This treatment also increased total yield by 27.7% (16.03 t·ha−1), 15.9% (12.38 t·ha−1), and 17.9% (11.88 t·ha−1) in ‘Barbero’, ‘Ferrari’, and ‘Imperio’, respectively. Therefore, salicylic acid foliar application is recommended for enhancing fruit yield and quality of greenhouse-grown red sweet pepper.
Investment strategy performance under tracking error constraints
Authors: Evans Carig , van Vuuren Gary
Published: March 2019

Recent (2018) evidence identifies the increased need for active managers to facilitate the exploitation of investment opportunities found in inefficient markets. Typically, active portfolios are subject to tracking error (TE) constraints. The risk-return relationship of such constrained portfolios is described by an ellipse in mean-variance space, known as the constant TE frontier. Although previous work assessed the performance of active portfolio strategies on the efficient frontier, this article uses several performance indicators to evaluate the outperformance of six active portfolio strategies over the benchmark – subject to various TE constraints – on the constant TE frontier.
The reaction of the financial market on the auditor report: an empirical study on service companies listed in Amman Stock Exchange (ASE)
Authors: Naife Al-Othman Leqaa
Published: March 2019

Auditing has a very important role in the economic life and the auditor’s report is considered as the end of accounting information system in the enterprise, where it gives full and thorough summary of information content. So, this study aims to identify the existence level and form of financial market reaction on the auditor report by defining the change impact of the external auditor’s opinion on the stock prices of service companies listed in Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) in the period 2010–2017. The study population consists of all the 37 service companies listed in ASE, in which the audit report type has changed from unqualified to qualified and vice versa, where the number of observations was 48 – 32 from unqualified to qualified and 16 from qualified to unqualified. The results showed that there is statistically significant difference of stock prices after changing the report type from unqualified to qualified, where its prices declined as a result of this change, while there weren’t any statistical differences of stock prices as a result of changing the report type from qualified to unqualified. So, companies must pay more attention to the auditor report issued on its behalf, and work at its best to keep this report unqualified.
Obtaining and Analysis of Marker-free Oil Plants Camelina sativa (L.) Expressing Gene for Antimicrobial Peptide Cecropin P1
Authors: Furs O.V. , Pigoleva S.V. , Dyachenko O.V. , Aripovskii A.V. , Buryanov Ya.I. , Shevchuk T.V.
Published: March 2019

The marker-free transgenic Camelina sativa (L.) plants carrying a synthetic gene for cecropin P1, an antimicrobial peptide, under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S RNA promoter have been obtained and analyzed. The plants were transformed by the agrobacterial binary vector free of selection genes of antibiotic and herbicide resistance. Screening of the marker-free transformants was performed by measuring the antibacterial activity of cecropin P1 and by enzyme immunoassay. The obtained plants exhibited increased resistance to the infection by the Erwinia carotovora bacteria, Fusarium graminearum fungi, and to oxidative stress during infection. The analysis of the fatty acid composition of seed oil showed an increased amount of α-linolenic acid in the transgenic camelina lines as compared to unmodified plants. The obtained results indicate that the gene for cecropin P1 can be included in the integral antistress plant protective system. Camelina sativa, cecropin Р1, agrobacterium-mediated transformation, marker-free transgenic plants, fatty acid compositions, microbial phytopathogenes, oxidative stress, resistance, cecropin P1. The work was financially supported by State job № 0101-2014-0046, № РК 01201352439 and with the partial financial support the Russian Fund for Basic Investigation, Grants № 18-08-00752, № 16-04-00623.
Variation in GFP Gene Expression in Arabidopsis thaliana Monoclonal Cell Lines
Authors: Sidorchuk Yu.V. , Fomenkov A.A. , Kuznetsov V.V. , Mursalimov S.R. , Zagorskaya A.A. , Uvarova E.A. , Belavin P.A. , Deineko E.V.
Published: March 2019

A set of transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana monoclonal cell lines has been created by selecting individual cells (cell aggregates) with random GFP gene integration events after the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The yield of the recombinant GFP ranged from 0.07 to 2.37% of the total soluble protein. Three lines with the highest, about 2% of the total soluble protein, accumulation of the target GFP protein were isolated. Areas of T-DNA insertions into the plant genome for 12 monoclonal cell lines were determined. The variation in this characteristic among 21 examined cell lines can serve as a reference for A. thaliana CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing aimed at the increase in the yield of recombinant proteins in plant expression systems. The lines with the highest level of the recombinant protein accumulation are of interest for the further identification and detailed characteristics of the sites for the transgene integration. These sites can be used as targets for the gene integration during the creation of lines for the production of recombinant proteins. Arabidopsis thaliana, cell suspension culture, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, gene expression, green fluorescent protein. The work was performed under project no. 17-14-01099 of the Russian Science Foundation.
Method for Obtaining Daedaleopsis confragosa K-1326 Extracts with Antitumor Activity
Authors: Teplyakova T.V. , Vyazovaya E.A. , Danilenko E.D.
Published: March 2019

A method for extraction and fractionation of proteins and polysaccharides from the biomass of the basidial fungus Daedaleopsis confragosa K-1326, having antitumor activity, shown on the epidermoid carcinoma cell line A431 and the cells of melanoma В16, has been developed. This method allows for reproducible production of series of preparations and can be used to obtain preparations from other basidiomycetes. The results obtained in this work show the promising prospects for the development and use of drugs from basidiomycetes for treatment of cancer. Basidiomycetes, Daedaleopsis confragosa, antitumor activity, fractionation, extraction The work was performed under the State Assignment «Development of preventive and therapeutic drugs based on basidiomycetes for the prevention and treatment of influenza with pandemic potential».
Complex Bfr-O-Antigen of Francisella tularensis Outer Membranes: Production, Characteristics and Potential Use
Authors: Volokh O.A. , Krasnov Ya.M. , Polunina Т.А. , Avdeeva N.G. , Samokhvalova Yu.I. , Badanin D.V. , Kireev M.N. , Germanchuk V.G. , Nikiforov A.K.
Published: March 2019

A method for the isolation of a complex antigen of protein-carbohydrate nature from outer membranes of the vaccine strain Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica 15 NIIEG cells and its detailed characteristics have been described. A protein of bacterioferritin (Bfr) and O-antigen were identified in the antigenic complex. It was shown that the obtained complex antigen is non-toxic, harmless, has high immunogenic activity and protects white mice in the subcutaneous infection with a virulent strain of F. tularensis subsp. holarctica 503/840. This antigen was shown to occur in the tularemia microbe regardless of the subspecies and presence of a capsule. The high antigenic and immunobiological activity of the Bfr-O-antigen complex provides the prerequisites for its further use as a component in the development of preventive and diagnostic drugs against the tularemia infection. Francisella tularensis, antigens, outer membrane proteins, immunogenicity, lipopoly saccharide, O-antigen. Authors would like to thank to the staff of the Institute «Microbe»: laboratory of molecular diagnostics I.V. Terekhova for providing us with the monoclonal antibodies, laboratories for genomic and proteomic analysis N.V. Kotova for her excellent technical assistance.
Aktywna obserwacja raka gruczołu krokowego w oparciu o doniesienia z konferencji ESTRO nr 35 w Turynie.
Authors: Burchardt Wojciech
Published: March 2019

Rak gruczołu krokowego(RGK) dotyczy coraz większej liczby mężczyzn w Polsce.  Zwiększenie dostępności do  badania stężenia antygenu sterczowego (PSA) i większa świadomość społeczeństwa doprowadziła do wykrywania  choroby  u pacjentów bezobjawowych we wczesnym stadium. Skutkiem wczesnego wykrycia RGK jest możliwość zastosowania wielu opcji terapeutycznych. Jednakże u części chorych z RGK wprowadzenie leczenia  nie wydłuży życia i nie poprawi jego jakości, a nawet ją obniży ze względu na skutki uboczne.  Grupa chorych o niskim zaawansowaniu  największy zysk terapeutyczny odnosi z aktywnej obserwacji (AO).AO to postępowanie oparte na monitorowaniu zaawansowania klinicznego, biochemicznego i histopatologicznego w celu uniknięcia leczenia lub jego odroczenia. Mimo wielu zalet i bezpieczeństwa, jest nadal bardzo rzadko stosowana w Polsce.  Celem pracy jest przedstawienie doniesień z konferencji Europejskiego Towarzystwa Radioterapii Onkologicznej ( ESTRO ) w Turynie w 2016 roku na temat AO. W trakcie konferencji omówiono  postępowanie AO z punktu widzenia patologa , radiologa i onkologa. Podsumowując , AO jest postępowaniem bezpiecznym, obarczonym niskim ryzykiem skutków ubocznych,a także ekonomicznie uzasadnionym u dobrze dobranych chorych.
Początki medycyny nuklearnej w Europie. The development of Nuclear Medicine in Europe.
Authors: Pietrzak Agata Karolina , Nadolny Filip , Cholewiński Witold
Published: March 2019

Artykuł przedstawia początki Medycyny Nuklearnej jako jednej najintensywniej ewoluujących dziedzin medycyny, fizyki, chemii oraz inżynierii medycznej. Europejska medycyna nuklearna, ze względu na podłoże historyczne i polityczne, mające duży wpływ na kształtowanie się wszystkich gałęzi nauki na kontynencie, należy bez wątpienia do jednego  najciekawszych wątków w medycynie światowej. Złożoność genezy i ewolucji medycyny nuklearnej stanowi doskonały przykład kreatywności europejskich badaczy.This article describes Nuclear Medicine as one of most intensively developing medical, physical, chemical and engineering field of science. European Nuclear Medicine as undoubtedly one of most interesting topics in the medical world, deserves closer attention because of its complex historical and political origin which had great influence on establishing the branch of science on the continent.
„Wokół radioterapii miednicy - sprawozdanie z ESTRO 35 w Turynie” „Focus on the pelvic region – report of the conference ESTRO 35 in Turin”
Authors: Czajka Elżbieta
Published: March 2019

Realizując panel wystąpień ustnych „Focus on the pelvic region” podczas konferencji ESTRO 35 poruszono trzy tematy związane z leczeniem nowotworów regionu miednicy: śledzeniu ruchomości prostaty z użyciem złotych markerów GoldAnchor, wpływie wypełnienia pęcherza moczowego na napromienianie narządów miednicy oraz ewaluacji narzędzia internetowego Treatmentchoice, służącego do wspólnego podejmowania decyzji terapeutycznej w raku gruczołu krokowego. Niniejsza praca ma za zadanie przybliżenie czytelnikowi tematyki poruszanej podczas konferencji oraz zwrócenie uwagi na różnorodność wyzwań, jakie stawia przed zespołem terapeutycznym radioterapia narządów miednicy. During the „Focus on the pelvic region” panel on ESTRO 35 conference three topics were discussed : tracking prostate movement with GoldAnchor fiducials, effect of bladder filling on the radiotherapy of the pelvic region and evaluation of Decision Aid Tool for prostate cancer – Treatmentchoice. This work is intended to bring the reader closer to the subject matter of the conference and to highlight the variety of challenges that the pelvic radiotherapy team is facing.
Obrazowanie radioizotopowe w onkologii pediatrycznej – przegląd metod
Authors: Radzińska Paulina , Zając Roksana , Pietrzak Agata Karolina , Wiecheć Katarzyna , Żurawski Jakub , Cholewiński Witold
Published: March 2019

StreszczenieDo najczęstszych chorób onkologicznych występujących u pacjentów pediatrycznych należą: białaczki, chłoniaki, nowotwory złośliwe ośrodkowego układu nerwowego (OUN) oraz neuroblastoma. Częste zachorowania oraz ograniczona czułość i swoistość konwencjonalnych metod obrazowych sugeruje konieczność rozszerzenia postępowania diagnostycznego wobec tej szczególnej grupy chorych o procedury wysokospecjalistyczne, wśród których przydatne wydają się być badania radioizotopowe.AbstractThe most common malignancies observed in paediatric patients are leukemia, lymphoma, central nervous system (CNS) malignant neoplasms and neuroblastoma. Increasing number of new cases of the diseases and limited sensitivity and specificity of the conventional imaging methods in this important and susceptible group of patients suggest the necessity to include the advanced imaging procedures into clinical management, among which radioisotope examinations seem to be valuable.
Mammografia 3D z tomosyntezą. Kontrola jakości – regulacje prawne i metodyka pomiaru średniej dawki gruczołowej.
Authors: Matuszewski Krzysztof , Romański Piotr
Published: March 2019

Mammografia 3D z tomosyntezą jest efektem rozwoju technologii w obrazowaniu na przestrzeni ostatnich kilku dekad. Nieodłącznym skutkiem tego rozwoju jest wzrost wartości diagnostycznej badań a tym samym wzrost wykrywalności nowotworów piersi. Jednym z elementów warunkujących utrzymanie wysokiej czułości mammografii jest kontrola jakości urządzeń stosowanych w mammografii z tomosyntezą. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest zwrócenie uwagi na regulacje prawne dotyczące kontroli jakości urządzeń stosowanych w mammografii 3D z tomosyntezą oraz opis metodologii pomiaru średniej dawki gruczołowej.
Emerging Research Paradigm for Infant Drug Exposure Through Breast Milk
Authors: Ito Shinya
Published: March 2019

Background:

Information on drug secretion into milk is insufficient due to the exclusion of lactating
women from clinical trials and drug development processes. As a result, non-adherence to the necessary drug
therapy and discontinuation of breastfeeding occur, even if the predicted level of infant exposure is low. In contrast,
inadvertent infant exposure to drugs in breast milk continues to happen due to lack of rational risk assessment,
resulting in serious toxicity cases including death. This problem is multifactorial, but one of the key elements
is the lack of pharmacokinetic information on drug secretion into milk and resultant infant exposure levels,
the first line of evidence for risk assessment.

Methods:

Basic PK principles in drug excretion into milk were explained. The literature was scanned to identify
approaches for PK data acquisition in this challenging field.

Results:

This review describes the feasibility to develop such approaches, and the knowledge gaps that still exist.
A combination of population pharmacokinetics approach (to estimate averages and variations of drug concentration
profiles in milk) and physiologically-based pharmacokinetics modeling of infants (to predict the population
profiles of infant drug exposure levels) appears useful.

Conclusions:

In order to facilitate participant enrollment and PK data acquisition in a timely manner, networks of
investigators become crucial.
Antioxidant Properties of Synthesis Nanometallic Pd-Ni@2- Mercaptoethanol as Effective Catalyst for Suzuki-Miyaura Reactions
Authors: Said Khemais , Mesni Ali , Salem Ridha B.
Published: March 2019

The palladium-catalyzed Suzuki coupling reaction is one of the most effcient strategies for
constructing a carbon-carbon bond. In recent years, bimetallic catalysts have become candidates for
the Suzuki coupling reaction. In this work, Pd-Ni@2-Mercaptoethanol nanoparticles were synthesized
for the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of arylboronic acids with aryl bromides, in the N,Ndimethylformamide/
water mixture catalyzed by Pd-Ni: A simple and efficient reaction performed in a
solvent, without a ligand, and in open air. We found that the Suzuki-Miyaura reactions are remarkably fast
(5 min), with high yields and the products are highly pure. The Pd-Ni@2-Mercaptoetanol nanoparticles
have a narrow size distribution with a mean crystallite size of 10 nm. Radical scavenging activities of
the complexes have been evaluated by using DPPH, DMPD+ and ABTS+ assays. IC50 values (µg/ml) of
the complexes and standards on DPPH, DMPD+ and ABTS+ respectively following the sequences.
Current Status of Used Protocols for Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation: A Focus on Insulin Producing, Osteoblast-Like and Neural Cells
Authors: Rajabi Hadi , Hosseini Vahid , Rahimzadeh Sevda , Seyfizadeh Nayer , Aslani Somayeh , Abhari Alireza
Published: March 2019

:

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted a great deal of interest in the field of regenerative
medicine because of their ability to differentiate into mesodermal derivatives and even other germ
layers. The main requirement for better differentiation of MSCs into desired cell lineage is relied on pure
population of these cells. During the past years, significant progresses have been developed for the identification
of MSCs by introducing new markers or different combination of markers. Currently, direct in
vitro differentiation protocols using standard media supplemented with specific growth factors generating
osteoblast, insulin producing and neuron cells from MSCs show some key characteristic in in vivo counterparts.
However, these efforts should be continued to achieve high amount of fully differentiated cells
which have high capacity to be used in cell based therapies and drug screening. This review focuses on
common culture based differentiation strategies used for osteoblast, insulin producing cells and neural
cells generation from MSCs highlighting important findings and trends in this exciting area.
Modelling Deaths Associated with Road Traffic Accidents and other Factors on Great North Road in Zambia between the Years 2010 and 2016 Using Poisson Models
Authors: Fisa Ronald , Nakazwe Chola , Michelo Charles , Musonda Patrick
Published: March 2019

Background:

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 1.24 million people die annually on the world’s roads, with 20-50 million sustaining non-fatal injuries. More than 85% (1.05 million) of the global deaths due to injuries occur in the developing world. Road traffic deaths and injuries are a major but neglected public health challenge that requires concerted efforts for effective and sustainable prevention. The objectives of the study were to estimate the incidence rate of death from RTAs, to determine factors associated with serious and fatal Road Traffic Accidents (RTAs) and to determine which of the poisson models fit the count data better.

Methods:

Data was collected from Zambia Police (ZP), Traffic Division on accidents that occurred on the Great North Road (GNR) highway between Lusaka and Kapiri-Mposhi in Zambia from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2016. Results from standard Poisson regression were compared to those obtained using the Negative Binomial (NB), Zero-Truncated Negative Binomial (ZTNB) and the Zero-Truncated Poisson (ZTP) regression models. Diagnostic tests were used to determine the best fit model. The data was analysed using STATA software, version 14.0 SE (Stata Corporation, College Station, TX, USA).

Results:

A total of 1, 023 RTAs were analysed in which 1, 212 people died. Of these deaths, 82 (7%) were Juveniles and 1, 130 (93%) were adults. Cause of accident such as pedestrians crossing the road accounted for 30% (310/1,023) while 29% (295/1,023) were as a result of driver’s excessive speed. The study revealed that driving in the early hours of the day (1AM-6AM) as compared to driving in the night (7PM-12AM) had a significant increase in the incidence rate of death from RTAs, Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR) of 2.1, (95% CI={1.01-4.41}), p-value=0.048. Results further showed that public transport as compared to private transport had an increased incidence rate of death from RTAs (IRR=5.65, 95% CI={2.97-10.73}), p-value<0.0001. The two competing models were the ZTP and the ZTNB. The ZTP had AIC=1304.55, BIC= 1336.55, whereas the ZTNB had AIC=742.25 and BIC=819.69. This indicated that the ZTNB with smaller AIC and BIC was the best fit model for the data.

Conclusion:

There is a reduced incidence of dying if one is using a private vehicle as compared to a public vehicle. Driving in the early hours of the day (1AM and 6AM) had an increased incidence of death from RTAs. This study suggests that when dealing with counts in which there are a few zeros observed such as in serious and fatal RTAs, ZTNB fits the data well as compared to other models.
The Determinants of Delayed Diagnosis and Treatment Among Malaria Patients in Myanmar: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Than Myo Min , Min Myo , Aung Pyae Linn
Published: March 2019

Background:

This cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the determining factors for delayed diagnosis and treatment among malaria patients in Myanmar.

Methods:

The sample comprised 220 respondents diagnosed with malaria last year, living in the upper, middle, and lower part of Myanmar. In 2017, data were collected through interviews and analyzed using percentage, mean, standard deviation, and the chi-square test.

Results:

The results affirmed that most of the respondents were in the working age group and of low educational level. They also had poor knowledge and perception of malaria, and more than half of the respondents visited health centers or volunteered for their first treatment of choice. Most respondents received little social support for malaria. There were significant associations between age, sex, education, marital status, occupation, and delayed diagnosis and treatment (p < 0.05). Knowledge and perceptions of malaria, health-seeking behavior, and low social support on malaria services were also significantly associated with delayed malaria diagnosis and treatment (p < 0.05).

Conclusion:

According to the findings, appropriate strengthening of cooperation and collaborations among different sectors upon diagnosis, coverage of treatment services, interventions to increase community awareness, effective communication, behavioral changes, and improved capability of the village health volunteers are evidently needed.
Overexpression of microRNA-21 in the Serum of Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Savari Batool , Boozarpour Sohrab , Tahmasebi-Birgani Maryam , Sabouri Hossein , Hosseini Seyed Mohammad
Published: March 2019

Background:

Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in women worldwide.
So it seems that there's a good chance of recovery if it's detected in its early stages even before the
appearances of symptoms. Recent studies have shown that miRNAs play an important role during
cancer progression. These transcripts can be tracked in liquid samples to reveal if cancer exists, for
earlier treatment. MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) has been shown to be a key regulator of carcinogenesis,
and breast tumor is no exception.

Objective:

The present study was aimed to track the miR-21 expression level in serum of the breast
cancer patients in comparison with that of normal counterparts.

Methods:

Comparative real-time polymerase chain reaction was applied to determine the levels of
expression of miR-21 in the serum samples of 57 participants from which, 42 were the patients with
breast cancer including pre-surgery patients (n = 30) and post-surgery patients (n = 12), and the others
were the healthy controls (n = 15).

Results:

MiR-21 was significantly over expressed in the serum of breast cancer patients as compared
with healthy controls (P = 0.002). A significant decrease was also observed following tumor resection
(P < 0.0001). Moreover, it was found that miR-21 overexpression level was significantly associated
with tumor grade (P = 0.004).

Conclusion:

These findings suggest that miR-21 has the potential to be used as a novel breast cancer
biomarker for early detection and prognosis, although further experiments are needed.
Displacement: translation and rotation. Differences and Similarities in the Discrete and Continuous Models
Authors: Lámer Géza
Published: March 2019

The motion (displacement) of the Euclidean space can be decomposed into translation and rotation. The two kinds of motion of the Euclidean space based on two structures of the Euclidean space: The first one is the topological structure, the second one is the idea of distance. The motion is such a (topological) map, that the distance of any two points remains the same. The bounded and closed domain of the Euclidean space is taken as a model of the rigid body. The bounded and closed domain of the Euclidean space is also taken as a model of the deformable solid body. The map – i.e. the displacement field – of the deformable solid body is continuous, but is not (necessarily) motion; the size and the shape of body can change. The material has atomic-molecular structure. In compliance with it, the material can be comprehended as a discrete system. In this case the elements of the material, as an atom, molecule, grain, can be comprehended as either material point, or rigid body. In the first case the kinematical freedom is the translation, in the latter case the translation and the rotation. In the paper we analyse how the kinematical behaviour of the discrete and continuous mechanical system can be characterise by translation and rotation. In the discrete system the two motions are independent variable. At the same time they characterise the movement of the body different way. For instance homogeneous local translation gives the global translation, but the homogeneous local rotation does not give the global rotation. To realise global rotation in a discrete system on one hand global rotation of the position of the discrete elements, on the other hand homogeneous local rotations of the discrete elements in harmony with global rotation are required. In the continuous system the two kinds of movement cannot be interpreted: a point cannot rotate, a rotation of surrounding of a point or direction can be interpreted. The kinematical characteristics, as the displacement (practically this is equal to translation) of (neighbourhood of) point, the rotation of surrounding of that point and the rotation of a direction went through that point are not independent variables: the translation of a point determines the rotation of the surrounding of that point as well as the rotation of a direction went through that point. With accordance this statement the displacement (practically translation) (field) as the only kinematical variable can be interpreted in the continuous medium.
The Measurement of The Three Components of The Cutting Force During The Turning Process
Authors: Nemes Csaba , Javorek Lubomir , Bodzás Sándor , Pálinkás Sándor
Published: March 2019

We carried out the measurement of the three components of the cutting force as a function of the modification of the depth of cut during the longitudinal turning process. The results show that if we increase the depth of cut, all three components of the cutting force shows increasing tendency, regardless of how much the cutting speed and feed speed were performed during the measurements [1] [2] [3] [4].
The effect of the excess Titanium content on the microstructure of Al – Si foundry alloys
Authors: Bubenkó Marianna , Fegyverneki György , Molnár Dániel , Tokár Mónika
Published: March 2019

Grain refining is an important technological step for the nucleus growth of the melt, in order to increase the number of nuclei, to improve mechanical properties (tensile strength, yield strength, hardness, elongation), feeding conditions and to decrease the tendency of hot tearing and the degree of sintering. [1][2] The aim of the experiments was the determination of the grain refining effects of titanium (Ti) addition in the form of AlTi5B1 master alloy to the examined alloys (AlSi7MgCu0.5 – AC 42 000, AlSi9Cu3Fe0.5 – 46 500; AlSi9Cu1 – AC 46 400). The results prove that the addition of small amount of master alloy has a favourable effect on the foundry practice.
Flexibility analysis of inventory cost model with ergonomics
Authors: Korkulu Sezen , Bona Krisztina
Published: March 2019

The economic and environmental sustainability issues in supply chain management have integrated by many researchers in the past decades. The ergonomics as a social aspect of sustainability had received a little attention by researchers. Therefore, the aim of the paper is analyzing the flexibility of developed inventory cost model with relaxation allowance and endurance time as a social aspect of sustainability. The effects of distance, unit weight of item and total number of items on relaxation allowance, the total cost of logistics operation and the EOQ model were investigated. The analyzed mathematical model was a single operator-single material model which covered transportation of fixed amount of raw materials from storage plant to production plant by manual material handling with simple cart and picking, storing, pushing and pushing back with empty cart for manual handling of the products. The different parameter values applied for analysis such as total amount of handled items (Q) changes between 500 pcs to 2750 pcs, unit weight of item (w) changes between 0.1 kg to 1 kg, distance of movement by manual material handling for picking and storing motions (d1) changes between 2 m to 3 m and the distance between the storing equipment and the supermarket of the production line for pushing motion (d2) changes between 15 m to 20 m. The results of the analysis indicated that the longer the distance of movement for all motions leads to decrease in savings of the model compared to EOQ model. The increase in unit weight of item is increase the savings obtained from application of our model and decrease the optimal lot size. There was no specific change on savings or optimal lot size as the total amount of handled item is increase. The compared results indicated that an increase in d1 and d2 lead to an increase in optimal lot size and increase in total cost of the model. Consequently, the analysis has shown that a decrease in lot size would be the better way to improve both ergonomic conditions and total cost of production in any different parameter values. Finally, the analysis of the inventory model with ergonomics were proved that this model is suitable for different industrial practices.
Application of Rexroth Controlling for Inverted Pendulum
Authors: Rónai László , Szabó Tamás
Published: March 2019

This paper deals with the control of an inverted pendulum. Balancing techniques are used in great many controlling problems. The inverted pendulum problem is often used as a benchmark. The theoretical background is well-known and easy to treat. A commercially available Rexroth axis controller and a CKK compact module are used to control the input of the system, which is usually applied in industrial fields. A test bench has been designed and built. A PLC based program has been developed to swing up the pendulum from the rest location to inverted position and LQR controller is designed to balance the system.
Frequency Domain Analysis of Tractor Tyre Enveloping Properties
Authors: Stojic Boris
Published: March 2019

Main source of vibration excitation for off-road vehicles are ground profile undulations. Most unprepared terrains are characterized by wavelength of unevenness that is of the order of magnitude of the contact length between tire and ground, so that, due to its shape and elasticity, tire actually behaves as geometric low-pass filter transforming real road profile geometry into effective vehicle vibration excitation. Since this effective profile represents real vehicle excitation, it is of interest to study this filtering behaviour in more depth. In this work, investigation of this kind of tire response has been studied for agricultural tractor tire rolling quasistatically over singular road obstacle. Frequency analysis of road excitation and tyre response was carried out in order to obtain their spectra and frequency response function magnitude of the tyre as filter was obtained by dividing input by output spectra. Final assessment of frequency response function magnitude was obtained by averaging instances obtained for different dimensions of input obstacles.
Improving of geometric precision in the manufacture of circular holes using technology WEDM
Authors: Straka Luboslav , Dittrich Gabriel
Published: March 2019

WEDM technology is among the final technology. It is characterized by the high quality of the machined surface. Therefore, a small geometric deviation from the desired shape, position, orientation or run out may have a significant impact on the functionality of the finished component. Its range is largely influenced by the accuracy of the applied electroerosion device, the precision of the workpiece and tool setting, the machining method, but also the combination of each other and the adjustment of all process parameters. They result in the final quality of the machined surface not only in terms of roughness parameters but also in terms of geometric precision of the machined surface. The aim of the paper was to describe the possibilities of improving the geometrical accuracy of WEDM with thin brass electrodes. At the same time, it contributes to an existing database of knowledge that defines the influence of selected aspects on the geometrical accuracy of the machined area in the production of circular openings.
The possibilities of Additive Manufacturing in medical use
Authors: Szabó Dániel
Published: March 2019

Additive Manufacturing has been invented in 1981 at the University of Texas, and to this day it has grown to be the most versatile and promising manufacturing technology in the market, both the industry and health care system has noticed this. Additive Bio-Manufacturing (ABM) techniques, which can be used in health care, are highly in demand, and researches have been going on to make these technologies safer and even more versatile. For more utilization and versatility, special attention is required to develop new materials which can help in increasing the service life, bioactivity, cell growth along with the desired mechanical properties, and to find the right manufacturing parameters for creating optimal products. The aim of this review is to present the available main Additive Manufacturing technologies, and particularly the biomedical usability of Additive Manufacturing.