bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influences of Iqbal’s Purview of Khudi on Individuals’ Psycho-Socio-Emotional Development
Authors:   Department of Professional Psychology, Bahria University, Islamabad Campus, Amin Rizwana , Khakwani Fatimah , Mehmood Sara ,   Department of Applied Psychology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan
Published: June 2022

The ever-changing paradigms of today’s modern world, pertaining to the study of man have much-caused chaos and confusion in the minds of the masses affecting their social, emotional, psychological, and spiritual development. This situation warrants the introduction of Iqbal’s philosophy about selfhood (Khudi), which provides holistic and all- encompassing solutions for today’s man. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to highlight the social, emotional, psychological, and spiritual teachings of Iqbal’s poetry and provide help in the personal and social development in today’s dilemma. For data analysis content analysis approach has been used. Relevant themes have been generated from Iqbal’s poems and sayings. Findings reveal that within the Iqbalian preview, character building has much to do with perseverance and patience for controlling emotions. Manipulation of feelings guiding to virtuous morals would also lead one to have a mystically and mentally healthy life. The findings of the study also highlight that Iqbal’s ideas on social, emotional, psychological, and spiritual development are much in line with the spirit of Islamic teachings. Moreover, his idea on man is more dynamic in nature and can yield positive effects when applied in the fields of education, motivation, human capital development. Keywords: Psychological, Social, Emotional, Spiritual, Development, Iqbal
Archaeo-Tourism and Heritage Management A Case Study of Taxila Valley
Authors:   Department of Archaeology, Hazara University Mansehra, Khan Owais , Ullah Shakir ,   Department of Archaeology, Hazara University Mansehra, Khan Abdul Qayum ,   Department of Archaeology, Hazara University Mansehra
Published: June 2022

Taxila is the most famous World Heritage site in Pakistan. It is facing different problems from its executive departments as well as there are issues of tourists visits in the adjoining areas of Taxila. It is crucial to analyze the current situation and solve the problems at the management level and save “World Heritage Site.” New strategies are designed to regulate further, the data and the implementation plans. The findings of present research are based on effective management plans for the development of heritage sites. The study has given guidelines to the department of heritage and tourism as how to manage tourism effectively to decrease the damage done to these sites after the tourists’ visits. The tourists from Pakistan and abroad mostly pay a visit to cultural heritage sites of Taxila, as a result, the places suffer from irrecoverable damages. Keywords: Archaea-Tourism, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Taxila valley, World Heritage
Bilingualism in Pakistani Fiction: The Analysis of Twilight in Delhi by Ahmed Ali
Authors:   Southern Federal University, Russia, Marryum Taliya , Ahmad Irfan ,   Southern Federal University, Russia, Xuanyu Xing ,   Confucius Institute Punjab University, Pakistan
Published: June 2022

This research aims to find code-switching occurrences in Twilight in Delhi written by Pakistani English postcolonial writer Ahmed Ali. He uses many Urdu terms and expressions in his narrative to keep alive Eastern culture and traditions that would otherwise lose their essence if translated into English. In this way, he reconstitutes English language in his work. The frequency of Urdu words is recorded, and the data obtained is analyzed on semantic, phonological and syntactic grounds. The writer also tries to experiment with the form and brings creativity, and in doing so, he applies English structure on Urdu terms and introduced a new vocabulary. The deliberate use of code-switching in the novel shows that language is no one’s property neither someone’s hegemony. Keywords: Bilingualism, Code-switching, Pakistani English, Post-colonialism
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Cooperative Script Dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Membaca Intensif Siswa
Authors: Ndruru Mastawati , Harefa Trisman , Harefa Noveri Amal Jaya
Published: June 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan kemampuan siswa membaca intensif dengan menerapkan model Cooperative Script. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Penelitian Tindakan Kelas dengan prosedur pelaksanaannya adalah (1). perencanaan, (2). tindakan, (3). observasi, dan (4). refleksi. Kegiatan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas ini dilaksanakan dua siklus dengan menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data, lembar observasi dan lembar penilaian. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII-D yang berjumlah 33 orang dengan jumlah laki-laki 18 orang dan jumlah perempuan 15 orang. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, peningkatan hasil kemampuan siswa membaca intensif dengan menggunakan model cooperative script pada siklus I dengan nilai terendah 49 dan nilai tertinggi 75,69 dengan nilai rata-rata 59,03. Sedangkan, siklus II nilai terendah 76,69 dan nilai tertinggi 90 dengan nilai rata-rata 81,74. Hasil observasi peneliti siklus I pertemuan pertama 56,94% dan pertemuan kedua sebesar 70,83%. Sedangkan hasil observasi peneliti siklus II pertemuan pertama sebesar 77,33% dan pertemuan kedua sebesar 90,27%. Hasil observasi siswa siklus I pertemuan pertama sebesar 51,51% dan pertemuan kedua 70,83% sedangkan pada siklus II pertemuan pertama sebesar 91,28% dan pertemuan kedua 94,69%.
PERAN PELATIHAN TIK MTS TERHADAP HASIL TES AKHIR PEMBELAJARAN
Authors: Nurdin Saeful
Published: June 2022

Pelatihan Di Tempat Kerja (PDWK) TIK MTs merupakan program pelatihan sebagai media pengetahuan dan keterampilan yang digunakan dalam menyampaikan informasi atau pesan dalam bentuk yang interaktif. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui peran teknologi informasi komunikasi, metode yang digunakan yaitu metode kuantitatif deskriptif. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Wilayah Kerja Kemenag Kota Bekasi dan Kemenag Kabupaten Ciamis, sampel penelitian adalah 60 orang guru bidang studi pada Madrasah Tsanawiyah yang berada di lingkungan Kemenag Provinsi Jawa Barat. dari hasil analisis didapat nilai signifikasi lebih kecil dari 0,05 yaitu 0,027 < 0,05, maka kelompok data PDWK TIK MTs Kota Bekasi dengan PDWK TIK MTs Kabupaten Ciamis memiliki varian yang berbeda antara. Analisis uji t tes  didapat nilai signifikasi t hitung adalah 0,378 dan t tabel 2,002, dimana t hitung lebih kecil dari t tabel maka dapat disimpulkan tidak ada perbedaan rata-rata nilai tes pada PDWK TIK di Kemenag Kota Bekasi dengan rata-rata nilai tes pada PDWK TIK di Kemenag Kabupaten Ciamis.
Childhood Glaucoma and Medical Treatment: An Up to Date
Authors: Greco Antonio , Giuseppe Leto Marco , Greco Andrea , Merli Riccardo , Salvatore Vaiano Agostino
Published: June 2022

Successful treatment of paediatric glaucoma presents many challenges, with IOP control as the first but not the only priority. In paediatric cases medical therapy may play different roles: it could be an important resource for preparing patients for surgical intervention through clearing cornea, it may help control IOP post-operatively or it may be the initial and often the mainstay pillar for clinical management. Besides inadequate IOP reduction, multiple factors conspire against the success of long term medical therapy in paediatric glaucoma: the difficulties with long term adherence, more than in adults, adequate ascertainment of drug-induced side effects and potential adverse systemic effect of protracted therapy among others. Many medications are available for glaucoma management but many of them still carry a warning that “safety and efficacy in paediatric patients have not been established”. An “Up to date” of medical options for childhood glaucoma is the core aim of this chapter, hoping it could be useful for the daily clinical decision process.
Network Reconfiguration and Reactive Power Compensation Dispatch in Smart Distribution Systems
Authors: Tovar Ramírez Ulises , Tovar Hernández José Horacio , Gutiérrez Alcaraz Guillermo
Published: June 2022

A significant challenge is to design strategies to minimize electrical losses in smart distribution systems while observing voltage and feeder loading constraints. Unfortunately, few studies have solved the problem of simultaneously coordinating already installed capacitors banks with network reconfiguration problems. This book chapter presents two methodologies for solving the reconfiguration and reactive power compensation dispatch. Both methodologies are formulated as two-stage solve reconfiguration and reactive power compensation problems with the characteristic of having acceptable computational efficiency and loss reduction close to the optimal solution. In the first stage, network reconfiguration is carried out to discriminate radial configurations that do not satisfy voltage and overload restrictions. In the second stage, a reactive power compensation dispatch is applied to each feasible network configuration by connecting capacitor blocks successively until all available reactive capacity has been used or until a specified loss tolerance has been reached. Finally, switching each capacitor block is carried out using voltage linear sensitivities related to shunt reactive compensation to make a relatively low computational work during the process.
Present and Future Perspective of Soybean Cultivation
Authors: Nakamori Toshihiro
Published: June 2022

Soybeans have been cultivated as a traditional crop since ancient times in Japan, China, and other parts of Asia. Soybeans, as a source of protein, are rich in essential amino acids, but also contain a variety of functional and nutritional components. Their processed and fermented products support the maintenance of human health. Recently, new soybeans varieties containing superior nutritional components have been cultivated, and growing interest in plant-based foods has led to the establishment of new food products including dairy products such as butter and cream.
South African E-Toll Consultation SAGA: Corporate Governance Lessons for Public Consultation in Mega-Projects
Authors: Khatleli Nthatisi
Published: June 2022

Mega-projects have unfortunately gained a bad name the world over. The electronic-tolling project in Johannesburg called the GFIP (Gauteng Freeway Improvement Project) is one such project. The perfunctory consultation initiative in an environment where the legislation is not robust and the corporate governance is still fledging led to opportunistic behaviours characterised by malicious compliance. The take home lesson especially in these high dollar projects is to be prescriptive on the consultation process that is backed by a well-thought-out legal framework. The scrutiny of documents and interviewing all the stakeholders was insightful and instructive even to other jurisdictions. Notably that a shallow and limited consultation drive is counter-productive. For a consultation drive to yield desired results it has to be deliberate, aggressive and tailor-made to suit contextual exigencies.
Bioactive Ingredients in Functional Foods: Current Status and Future Trends
Authors: Hosseini Fatemeh , Reza Sanjabi Mohammad , Kazemi Mehran , Ghaemian Nasim
Published: June 2022

Bioactive ingredients (BI) bestow various health-promoting outcomes on consumers, including treating or preventing diabetes, obesity, cancer, coronary heart diseases, and so on. Several BI have been found in nature, such as flavonoids, carotenoids, polyphenols, curcumin, phytosterols, probiotics, bioactive peptide, minerals, and nano-bio minerals, which can be incorporated into foodstuffs to improve their nutritional values. The foods containing BI are considered functional food. This review shed light on the health benefits of various BI for consumers. Due to the growing rate of population and surging demands for healthy foods in the future, it is pivotal to use affordable natural sources of BI to provide functional foods for a vast majority of people. Thus, in this review article, some potent by-products are addressed as alternative sources of BI.
Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke
Authors: Spagnolo Francesca , Pinto Vincenza , Maria Rini Augusto
Published: June 2022

Atrial fibrillation (AF) represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality in adults, especially for its strong association with thromboembolism and stroke. In this chapter, we aim to provide an overview on this cardiac arrhythmia, addressing several important questions. Particularly, we faced the possible mechanisms leading to an increased risk of embolism in AF, emphasizing how Virchow’s triad for thrombogenesis is unable to fully explain this risk. Disentangling the risk of stroke caused by AF and by other associated vascular conditions is extremely challenging, and risk stratification of patients with AF into those at high and low risk of thromboembolism has become a crucial determinant of optimal antithrombotic prophylaxis. Moreover, we discuss the typical clinical and radiological characteristics of cardioembolic strokes, addressing acute, time-dependent reperfusional therapies in case of ischemic stroke. The role of anticoagulation in AF is also fully analyzed; the benefit of oral anticoagulation generally outweighs the risk of bleeding in AF patients, and a variety of scoring systems have been developed to improve clinical decision-making when initiating anticoagulation. With their predictable pharmacokinetic profiles, wide therapeutic windows, fewer drug–drug and drug-food interactions, and the non-vitamin K antagonist (VKA) oral anticoagulants (NOACs) have changed the landscape of thromboprophylaxis for AF patients, offering the opportunity to use effective anticoagulants without the need for intensive therapeutic drug monitoring.
Physical Activity, Fitness, and Cognitive Function in Children and Adolescents
Authors: M. Castelli Darla
Published: June 2022

From the playground to youth sports, the benefits of physical activity for children and adolescents are primarily known. Less understood is how participation influences cognitive function at different stages of development. This chapter aims to summarize the literature on child and adolescent physical activity, fitness, and cognitive performance by translating empirical research to school and community settings. The specific effects of physical activity vary by intensity, mode, volume, and domain. This review suggested that physical activity and fitness were positively associated with higher cognitive function. Children who are aerobically fit and regularly physically activite are faster, more accurate responders and tend to do better in school. Participation in light to vigorous intensity physical activity cognitively benefits children. Additional benefits come from cognitively demanding (e.g., team sports) and vigorously intense (e.g., jumping rope) activities. Because benefit varies by physical fitness component and physical activity type, it is recommended that preschool children participate in an assortment of movements for 3 h a day, working up to 60 min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity by age 6. Comprehensive approaches across multiple settings, offering opportunities to participate in physical activity, have the most significant potential for enhancing cognitive health among children and adolescents.
The Mechanisms of Bacterial Biofilm Inhibition and Eradication: The Search for Alternative Antibiofilm Agents
Authors: Menkem Elisabeth Zeuko’O
Published: June 2022

Biofilms are a community of microorganisms with accretions of their extracellular matrix that attach both to biological or non-biological surfaces, conferring a significant and incompletely understood mode of growth for bacteria. Biofilm formation represents a protected mode of growth of bacteria that allows cells to survive in hostile environments, facilitating the colonization of new areas. This biofilm formation appears to be produced by microorganisms to resist drug action, causing them to become resistant. Therefore, the search for alternative agents is necessary to counteract and reduce this production, creating suitable drugs against these biofilms. Natural products from medicinal plants possess an array of secondary metabolites and bioactive compounds that could have bioactive potentials that inhibit and eradicate biofilms.
Application of Transmission Electron Microscopy to Detect Changes in Pancreas Physiology
Authors: Skelin Klemen Maša , Dolenšek Jurij , Valladolid-Acebes Ismael , Stožer Andraž , Lipovšek Saška
Published: June 2022

Insulin resistance in key target organs and beta cell dysfunction due to gluco- and lipotoxicity, are the two main factors driving type 2 diabetes mellitus pathogenesis. Recently, it has been suggested that ectopic fat deposition in the pancreas, named non-alcoholic fatty pancreas disease, occurs in metabolic syndrome, and may play an etiological role in islet dysfunction and damage the exocrine pancreas, increasing its susceptibility to pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. In this chapter, we present transmission electron microscopy (TEM) as a valuable method to detect early changes in the ultrastructure of pancreatic cells during the development of the metabolic syndrome in mice fed with a western diet (WD). Mice fed with a WD develop pathological ultrastructural alterations in the exocrine and endocrine cells. We demonstrate how to use image segmentation methods and ultrastructural morphometry to analyze and quantify structural changes in cellular organelles and evaluate the presence of lipid droplets, autophagic structures, and vacuolization. Since ultrastructural lesions can be detected early during the progression of the metabolic syndrome, are in many aspects subtle, and by far precede cell apoptosis, necrosis, fat infiltration, and overt functional changes, TEM is not only a suitable but probably the crucial method for detecting early pancreas dysfunction.
Performance and Emission Characteristics of Hydrogenation Derived Renewable Diesel as Diesel Engine Fuel
Authors: Awogbemi Omojola , Vandi Von Kallon Daramy , Pelemo Josiah
Published: June 2022

Growing anxieties about the continued depletion of fossil fuel reserves, improving the performance of diesel engines, and mandates to reduce greenhouse gas emissions have made the search for alternative fuels for diesel engines more imperative. Hydrogenation Derived Renewable Diesel (HDRD) is recognized as a sustainable, reliable, and cost-effective alternative to petroleum-based diesel (PBD) fuel for compression ignition (CI) engines. This may be because the physicochemical properties of HDRD are similar to that of PBD fuel. The current effort examines the performance and emission characteristics of HDRD in unmodified CI engines. Performance emissions characteristics such as power, torque, brake specific fuel consumption, thermal efficiency, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, particulate matter, and exhaust gas temperature were interrogated and compared with that of PBD fuel in a CI engine. The outcome of the study shows that HDRD is better than biodiesel and a sustainable replacement for PDB fuel to achieve improved performance and reduced emissions of CI engines. Going forward, more investigations are needed to further simplify the preparation and democratize the utilization of HDRD as CI fuels for various applications.
The Impact of Fetal Echocardiography on the Prognosis of Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Giovanna Russo Maria , Fratta Fiorella , Giudicepietro Antonia , Morelli Carmela , Del Gaizo Fortuna , di Pietto Laura , De Marco Marina , Spinelli Barrile Ludovica , De Fazio Federica
Published: June 2022

Congenital heart disease (CHD) represents the group of the most common malformations detected both prenatally and after birth. Although progress in the management and treatments of CHD, it still remains a significant cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. However, the recent improvement in the diagnosis and therapy of CHD represents one of the most important successes of cardiac surgery and medical treatment. Accordingly, in the last twenty years, the number of patients with CHD who have reached adulthood has increased significantly and even surpass the number of affected pediatric patients, due to the extraordinary progress in the diagnostic, clinical, and surgical technologies. In particular, the ultrasound study of the fetal heart allows a diagnosis of CHD in the prenatal period, significantly improves perinatal outcomes in infants with critical CHD, and enables a reduction in stillbirth.
MIMO PID Control Retuning Using the Closed-Loop Frequency Response
Authors: Paula V. de A. Aguiar Anna , Acioli Júnior George , R. Barros Péricles
Published: June 2022

Proportional integral derivative (PID) controllers are the most used in practice for regulatory control. This is due to the good performance achieved by this controller for a variety of processes. However, about 60% have performance issue. This problem can be more evident in multivariable processes, due to the coupling between the loops. One way to improve performance is to retune the parameters. Thus, in this article, a PID control retune technique is presented. Frequency domain data are used to compute gain increments. Identification of the parametric model of the process is not necessary. The method can be applied to multivariable processes with time delay, integrative dynamics, and nonminimum phase zeros. Simulation results and the effectiveness of the method are discussed.
Situating normality: the interrelation of lived and represented normality
Authors: Wehrle Maren ,   Chiasmi International
Published: June 2022

In this paper, I will investigate the potential of what I term Merleau-Ponty’s ‘situated phenomenology’ for an investigation of normality from within and from without. First, I will argue that the concept of situation in the Phenomenology of Perception demarcates Merleau-Ponty’s turn from a mere epistemological to a concrete critical phenomenology. Second, I will apply Merleau-Ponty’s concept of situation as being situated and as being in situation to an investigation of normality. In doing so, I endeavor to differentiate between lived and represented normality, a difference which in turn corresponds to an operative (immanent) and established (external) normativity. A situated account of normality thereby combines a phenomenological and a genealogical perspective. My aim is to provide a toolkit to investigate the intertwinement of represented and lived normality, that is, of being situated and being in situation.
De la coexistence humaine à l’histoire ouverte. Sur la productivité de la praxis intersubjective et de la dialectique de l’institution chez Merleau-Ponty de 1945 à 1955
Authors: Dru Aurélien ,   Chiasmi International
Published: June 2022

We examine here the evolution of Merleau-Ponty’s philosophy of history from Humanism and Terror to the 1955 course on “Institution in Personal and Public History” in order to explain what makes it “ambiguous.” This evolution is explained by the desire to understand history according to intersubjective praxis and the dialectical scheme of historical institution. The articulation of these two levels allows Merleau-Ponty to develop a philosophy of historical productivity, that is, a conception of history as a practical process that is open, unfinished, and continually “instituting” by virtue of the always revived and entangled taking up of human actions. Therefore, the more general challenge is to define the specificity of a thought of history that unfolds from the permanent and central concern for the achievement of human coexistence.
Du rêve comme passivité : Merleau-ponty entre Sartre et Binswanger
Authors: Andreini Giulia ,   Chiasmi International
Published: June 2022

Always rich in heterogeneous suggestions, Merleau-Pontian reflection does not fail to address the status of oneiric experience, which is as complex as it is neglected or even trivialized in phenomenological studies. Although it is sometimes taken into consideration, notably in Sartrean analyses, this is only to reconduct it to the activity of the imagining consciousness. This contribution thus proposes to bring out the innovative character of Merleau-Ponty’ dream framework. After outlining the Sartrean considerations, Merleau-Ponty’s positions are briefly presented. Ultimately at stake is showing to what extent the advancement of a sincerely new conception of the dream, together with the rejection of the Sartrean positions, can only take place through reading the work of Ludwig Binswanger. Binswanger’s analyses of oneiric space allow an original approach to dreaming as an authentic experience that reveals a primary spatiality and a more originary mode of existence, thereby testifying to a form of passivity inherent in consciousness. Dreaming thus becomes fundamental for understanding our being-in-the-world in general and, consequently, also for understanding wakefulness.
Bearing witness beyond colonial epistemologies: Silvia Rivera Cusicanqui’s critical phenomenology of deep silence
Authors: Ferrari Martina ,   Chiasmi International
Published: June 2022

This paper is one in a series of attempts on my part to think through one of the central challenges left to us by Merleau-Ponty’s sudden death in 1961: if we understand the turn, in his later writings, toward an ontology of the flesh as “a radical rethinking of the experience of belonging from within, [as] a phenomenology of being-of-the-world” (Landes 2020, 141), how are we to bear witness to such an experience? What modalities are called forth to do justice to this belonging? The task accrues existential and ethical weight when, at stake in our analyses, are historical and social structures like coloniality that normalize experience, perception, and sense-making while marginalizing others. It is my contention, in this article, that when the phenomenological inquiry becomes critical the question of modality becomes ethically central; how we bear witness to experiences of marginalization and the operations of power that produce them matters in that it risks reifying the same normative structures that predicate the oppression of many. With these questions and considerations in mind, in this article, I return to silence and propose that the mobilization of what I call “deep silences” can be a powerful tool for a critical phenomenology that bears witness without capitulating to the imperative of transparency norming the modern/colonial world system. Deep silence, in fact, designates signifying practices that do not primarily operate within the bounds of logocentrism and speech as the foundational principles of meaning, or that rely upon conceptual, analytical, and instrumental thinking, mobilizing instead the somatic, affective, and sensual dimensions of existence. In this article, I am primary concerned with the sense-making effected by the aesthetic as an instance of deep silence. Specifically, I focus on the image- and ritual-centered photographic documentaries of Silvia Rivera Cusicanqui, which, I suggest, challenge the hegemonic normativity of modern/colonial aesthetics, introducing the reader to other sensibilities wherein the distinction between theory and practice has no purchase and the multiplicity of creative expressions is recognized.
Profound Disability, Equality and the Boundaries of Inclusion
Authors: Vorhaus John ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: June 2022

The sub-title of a recent book on “belonging” for people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD) is “Pushing the boundaries of inclusion.” One aim of this paper is to establish where at least one of these boundaries lies. Enabling profoundly disabled people to be together with others is often inspired by the ideal that anybody and everybody can be fully included in their relationships with others. This inclusive ideal can take the form of relational equality—including people with PIMD as equals in our relationships with them. I explore the scope and limits of relational equality, and where, as with some profoundly disabled people, equality is out of reach, I look at two relational alternatives.
The Project Pursuit Argument for Self-Ownership and Private Property
Authors: Wendt Fabian ,   Department of Philosophy, Florida State University
Published: June 2022

The article argues that persons should be conceived as self-owners and entitled to acquire private property within justifiable property conventions because they should be able to live as project pursuers. This is the ‘project pursuit argument’. It leads to a conception of self-ownership that is stringent, but weaker than standard libertarian notions of self-ownership, and to an understanding of private property as a convention that has to meet a sufficientarian threshold in order to be justifiable.
Neurorrealidad: si no me lo creo, no lo veo
Authors:   Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Baztán Edu
Published: June 2022

Por primera vez en la historia de la humanidad podemos ver cómo funciona el cerebro humano, y observar a tiempo real su actividad. Todo esto gracias a tecnologías de neuroimagen no invasivas, como los escáneres fMRI, que nos permiten detectar las áreas activas del cerebro de manera visual. Cuando atribuimos funciones específicas a cada una de estas regiones y observamos cuáles se activan (por ejemplo, el hipocampo, el córtex prefrontal, la amígdala…), establecemos una relación de causalidad de las unas con las otras.
Repensando la distribución urbana de mercancías para la era del e-commerce
Authors:   Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Castillo Cristian , Viu Roig Marta , Álvarez-Palau Eduard J.
Published: June 2022

El crecimiento exponencial del e-commerce, impulsado en parte por la pandemia y los nuevos hábitos de consumo de los compradores, ha puesto de manifiesto la necesidad de repensar el modelo actual de la distribución urbana de mercancías (DUM). Cuantas más compras online se generan, más entregas a domicilio se requieren, con sus implicaciones sobre los costes operativos, el tráfico, el estacionamiento y la contaminación. La logística urbana, y en particular la última milla, se ha vuelto uno de los principales focos de atención de las administraciones públicas y de los operadores logísticos para minimizar estas externalidades. Sin embargo, todavía queda un largo camino para poder optimizar los nuevos procesos logísticos en los requerimientos del nuevo canal de distribución. Las administraciones deben empezar a tomar medidas y lo deben hacer de la mano de los operadores logísticos y la ciudadanía. Hace falta que estas acciones se lleven a cabo rápidamente y de forma consensuada con todas las partes implicadas, pues solo así se podrá definir un modelo de logística urbana sostenible y que tenga continuidad en el tiempo.
Sistemas multiaeropuerto, un equilibrio difícil
Authors:   Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Trapote-Barreira César , Suau-Sanchez Pere
Published: June 2022

Los aeropuertos son fuente de prosperidad económica, pero los aeropuertos principales de muchas ciudades están llegando al límite de su capacidad. Frente a las dificultades de expandirlos, el desarrollo de sistemas multiaeropuerto puede ser un mecanismo para adaptarse a la presión de la demanda. Sin embargo, los sistemas multiaeropuerto son difíciles de desarrollar, ya que no existe una tipología clara y dependen de particularidades locales. Por otro lado, y seguramente sea lo más relevante, las aerolíneas tienen pocos incentivos para operar en aeropuertos secundarios. En un mercado liberalizado, las aerolíneas siempre tenderán a concentrar su actividad en el aeropuerto principal. En este artículo presentamos estos principios básicos de funcionamiento que hacen de los sistemas multiaeropuerto un equilibrio difícil, aunque interesante de tratar de conseguir.
El reto de los accesos a Barcelona
Authors:   Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Jiménez Roig Cristina , Ortiz Miguel Albert
Published: June 2022

Pese al elevado número de viajeros en el sistema de transporte público metropolitano, los ritmos de crecimiento de la demanda no han sido suficientes para reducir el uso del vehículo privado en los principales accesos a la ciudad, que siguen mostrando patrones de insostenibilidad con una presencia del vehículo privado demasiado elevada. Los meses de pandemia, con la actividad a media marcha, hicieron olvidar las retenciones que antes eran rutinarias. Pero la recuperación progresiva de la actividad y de la movilidad metropolitana, el posible efecto llamada del levantamiento de los peajes y las políticas de movilidad que reducen la capacidad viaria dentro de la ciudad han traído de nuevo la congestión viaria a nuestro imaginario, con la consecuente empeoramiento de los niveles de contaminación atmosférica.
Electromagnetic coupling modeling and accuracy verification of non-parallel cable structure
Authors: Liu Qiang , Zhou Hai-Jing , Dong Zhi-Wei ,   Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100094, China,   Graduate School of China Academy of Engineering Physics, Beijing 100088, China
Published: June 2022

Owing to the random bundling of the cable bundle, the different conductors within the cable present non-parallel distribution structural features. Such a structural feature leads to different cross-sectional structures at different positions along the line. The variations of spacing between different conductors and the height from the ground can lead the distribution parameters to change. This requires that when solving the electromagnetic coupling of the cable bundle, the cable bundle should be divided into multiple grid segments along the line, and the distribution parameters should be calculated according to the cross-sectional geometry information at different grid segment positions.

On the basis of the integration of the transmission line model and the distributed parameter model, the distribution parameters of different mesh segments are calculated according to the cross-sectional structure of different mesh segments of the cable in this paper. When the parameters are brought into the transmission line model, an electromagnetic coupling model suitable for non-parallel cable structures is established. In order to verify the accuracy of the model, a unit cable structure from real cable with non-parallel distribution characteristics is designed. The calculation results from the proposed model are compared with the calculation results from the full-wave algorithm and the experimental results, showing they are in good agreement with each other.

In order to understand the influence of the cable non-parallel structure characteristics on the response of electromagnetic coupling to cable, the comparison of electromagnetic coupling response results between the parallel cable and non-parallel cable structures are made and analyzed, showing that the non-parallel structure characteristics of the cable have a significant effect on the electromagnetic coupling. It is confirmed that the influence of the non-parallel cable structure characteristics must be considered in the electromagnetic coupling simulation of the real cable.
Wireless power transfer supported device-to-device multicast energy cooperative transmission scheme
Authors: Zeng Min , Luo Ying , Jiang Hong ,   School of Information Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China,   Robot Technology Used for Special Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Mianyang 621010, China
Published: June 2022

The cluster heads (CHs) will face the contradiction between the lack of available energy and the demand of high energy consumption in energy harvesting-supported device-to-device multicast communications (EH-D2MD). Wireless power transfer (WPT) technology is a possible way to address the above contradiction. The members of a device-to-device (D2D) multicast cluster can transfer part of their available energy to the CH by WPT and jointly undertake contents unloading. As a result, the transmission robustness of the multicast cluster can be improved. Therefore, a transmission scheme with energy cooperation (EC) is designed on the premise of cellular spectrum reusing. The EC scheme designs elaborately the energy harvesting, energy cooperation and data transmission of the spectrum reusing process. To realize the EC scheme, this work is to maximize the transmission rate of a multicast cluster and give the joint optimal solution of multi-domain resources including spectrum resource allocation, cooperative time factor planning, and power control. The rate maximization problem is a typical non-convex mixed integer non-linear programming (non-convex MINLP) problem. To investigate the performance of EH-D2MD communication scenario, a convex approximate lower-bound algorithm is proposed, which can transfer the non-convex problem into convex MINLP and can give a joint solution. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm obtains a lower-bound solution of the rate maximization problem in comparison with the exhausted searching method. Furthermore, compared with the scheme without energy cooperation, the established EC transmission scheme can increase the transmission rate of D2MD by more than 45% and enhance the robustness of EH-D2MD.
Coherent blue light enhancement via repumping laser in cesium vapor
Authors: Huang Wen-Yi , Yang Bao-Dong , Fan Jian , Wang Jun-Min , Zhou Hai-Tao ,   College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China,   State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices and Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China,   Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
Published: June 2022

We demonstrate the generation of coherent and collimated blue light (CBL) based on cesium (Cs) 6S1/2(F = 4)→6P3/2(F' = 5)→6D5/2(F'' = 6)→7P3/2(F' = 5)→6S1/2(F = 4) diamond-type atomic system in a heated vapor cell. Two infrared pumping lasers with wavelengths at 852 nm (6S1/2→6P3/2) and 917 nm (6P3/2→6D5/2), provide step-wise excitation to the 6D5/2 excited state, and induce strong two-photon coherence between the 6S1/2 state and 6D5/2 state. The atoms undergo a double cascade accompanied with the amplified spontaneous emission at 15.1 μm via the 7P3/2 intermediate excited state, and produce a beam of 455 nm (7P3/2→6S1/2) CBL with highly spatiotemporal coherence through a parametric four-wave mixing process. We investigate the influence of experimental parameters such as polarization combination of the two pumping lasers, and their power, and the temperature of Cs vapor cell on the CBL. Especially, we add a beam of 894 nm laser operating at the 6S1/2(F = 3) →6P1/2 transition as repumping laser, which can pump atoms back to the 6S1/2(F = 4) state from the 6S1/2(F = 3) state, thus significantly improving the power of CBL. This technique of the CBL enhancement via optical pumping is also useful for the other alkali metal atoms.
Influence of thermal lens effect on second harmonic process in semi-monolithic cavity scheme
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Li , Wang Qing-Wei , Yao Wen-Xiu , Shi Shao-Ping , Zheng Li-Ang , Tian Long , Wang Ya-Jun , Chen Li-Rong , Li Wei , Zheng Yao-Hui ,   State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics,  Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China,   Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
Published: June 2022

Second harmonic generation (SHG) is an effective way to generate short wavelength laser with high power. The SHG is accompanied with the absorptions of fundamental waves and harmonic waves, which converts a fraction of the two waves deposit energy into heat, causing a temperature gradient along the radial direction of the periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate (PPKTP) crystal. The inhomogeneous temperature distribution causes thermal lensing in the crystal. The thermal lensing effect will deform the spatial mode of the SHG cavity and result in the mode-mismatching of the fundamental wave to the SHG cavity, and therefore the conversion efficiency of SHG process is reduced. Moreover, with the increase of injected fundamental wave power, the influence caused by thermal lens becomes more and more serious. In order to obtain a high-efficiency frequency conversion, it is necessary to take the measure to minimize the effect caused by thermal lensing. In this paper, we report on a high efficiency generation of green laser at 532 nm by external cavity SHG process with a semi-monolithic standing cavity. The influences of thermal lens effect on the optimal conversion efficiency in different semi-monolithic cavities are theoretically analyzed. The variations of conversion efficiency with the pump power in “plane-concave” semi-monolithic cavity based on parallel crystal and also in “concave-concave” semi-monolithic cavity based on concave crystal are quantitatively analyzed. In experiments, two types of cavity structures are built to measure the variation of frequency doubling conversion efficiency with pump power. For the “plane-concave” semi-monolithic cavity, the maximum green laser power of 747 mW is obtained and the corresponding conversion efficiency reaches 93.4%±3%, with 800 mW infrared laser injected. For the “concave-concave” semi-monolithic cavity, the maximum green laser power of 529 mW is obtained and the corresponding conversion efficiency is 88.2% ± 3%, with 600 mW infrared laser injected. The results show that the thermal lens affects the optimal conversion efficiency more seriously in “concave-concave” semi-monolithic cavity than in “plane-concave” semi-monolithic cavity. Furthermore, the influence of thermal lens effect turns higher and higher with the increase of the loss in the cavity. It is obvious that the “plane-concave” semi-monolithic cavity is more suitable for the SHG process and has many potential applications in quantum optics and cold atom physics and provides a guidance for future research on high-efficiency SHG process.
Research on sentiment classification for netizens based on the BERT-BiLSTM-TextCNN model
Authors: Jiang Xuchu , Song Chao , Xu Yucheng , Li Ying , Peng Yili
Published: June 2022

Sentiment analysis of netizens’ comments can accurately grasp the psychology of netizens and reduce the risks brought by online public opinion. However, there is currently no effective method to solve the problems of short text, open word range, and sometimes reversed word order in comments. To better solve the above problems, this article proposes a hybrid model of sentiment classification, which is based on bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT), bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) and a text convolution neural network (TextCNN) (BERT-BiLSTM-TextCNN). The experimental results show that (1) the hybrid model proposed in this article can better combine the advantages of BiLSTM and TextCNN; it not only captures local correlation while retaining context information but also has high accuracy and stability. (2) The BERT-BiLSTM-TextCNN model can extract important emotional information more flexibly in text and achieve multiclass classification tasks of emotions more accurately. The innovations of this study are as follows: (1) the use of BERT to generate word vectors has the advantages of more prior information and a full combination of contextual semantics; (2) the BiLSTM model, as a bidirectional context mechanism model, can obtain contextual information well; and (3) the TextCNN model can obtain important features well in the problem of text classification, and the combined effect of the three modules can significantly improve the accuracy of emotional multilabel classification.
DeephageTP: a convolutional neural network framework for identifying phage-specific proteins from metagenomic sequencing data
Authors: Chu Yunmeng , Guo Shun , Cui Dachao , Fu Xiongfei , Ma Yingfei
Published: June 2022

Bacteriophages (phages) are the most abundant and diverse biological entity on Earth. Due to the lack of universal gene markers and database representatives, there about 50–90% of genes of phages are unable to assign functions. This makes it a challenge to identify phage genomes and annotate functions of phage genes efficiently by homology search on a large scale, especially for newly phages. Portal (portal protein), TerL (large terminase subunit protein), and TerS (small terminase subunit protein) are three specific proteins of Caudovirales phage. Here, we developed a CNN (convolutional neural network)-based framework, DeephageTP, to identify the three specific proteins from metagenomic data. The framework takes one-hot encoding data of original protein sequences as the input and automatically extracts predictive features in the process of modeling. To overcome the false positive problem, a cutoff-loss-value strategy is introduced based on the distributions of the loss values of protein sequences within the same category. The proposed model with a set of cutoff-loss-values demonstrates high performance in terms of Precision in identifying TerL and Portal sequences (94% and 90%, respectively) from the mimic metagenomic dataset. Finally, we tested the efficacy of the framework using three real metagenomic datasets, and the results shown that compared to the conventional alignment-based methods, our proposed framework had a particular advantage in identifying the novel phage-specific protein sequences of portal and TerL with remote homology to their counterparts in the training datasets. In summary, our study for the first time develops a CNN-based framework for identifying the phage-specific protein sequences with high complexity and low conservation, and this framework will help us find novel phages in metagenomic sequencing data. The DeephageTP is available at https://github.com/chuym726/DeephageTP.
Estrategias de intensificación y de atenuación en la conversación coloquial de jóvenes chilenos
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Montecino S. Lésmer Antonio
Published: June 2022

Este estudio1 pretende, desde una perspectiva pragmática y crítica, mostrar, por una parte, cómo un grupo de hablantes chilenos utiliza estas estrategias discursivas para argumentar, cuestionar y emitir juicios de valor que comprometen su sistema de creencias respecto de la institución y de los grupos a los que están afiliados y, por otra, discutir sus efectos, considerando que todo acto de habla implica una amenaza y que, en consecuencia, se constituye en un acto de poder. Los intensificadores y los atenuadores son recursos discursivos que, en la conversación coloquial, se vinculan al concepto de fuerza argumentativa y configuran estrategias para que el YO refuerce y haga valer su intención de habla en forma cooperativa y cortés o, en ocasiones, mitigue lo expresado con el fin de mantener el equilibrio de la interacción. Para sustentar empíricamente el estudio, utilizo el corpus de interacciones verbales entre jóvenes universitarios, recolectado para la realización del proyecto núcleo “La interacción verbal de estudiantes universitarios de Chile y de Argentina” del programa “El español de Chile y de Argentina” (ECLAR), que reúne a académicos de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile y de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina.
EL FENÓMENO DE FOCALIZACIÓN EN EL HABLA PÚBLICA DE CHILE
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Burdach Rudloff Ana María , Poblete Vallejos Mario ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Published: June 2022

El objetivo de este estudio es describir el comportamiento de los procedimientos de focalización de mayor recurrencia en el discurso de habla pública de Chile. Con este fin, se ha analizado una muestra del corpus del proyecto Fondecyt Nº 1030953, correspondiente a hablantes hombres y mujeres, pertenecientes a tres grupos etarios, provenientes de las zonas Norte, Centro, Sur, Región Metropolitana y Valparaíso. Se rastreó el corpus buscando los recursos que utilizan los hablantes para poner en relieve o enfatizar determinados segmentos de sus mensajes, de acuerdo con las categorías propuestas por Gutiérrez (1997). Los resultados revelan que los procedimientos más empleados son el orden, las estructuras sintácticas especiales y los focalizadores presuposicionales.