bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vaginosis bacteriana, comportamiento sexual, higiene genital y estrés en embarazadas: estudio de casos y controles (Medellín, Colombia)
Authors: Tamayo-Acevedo Lucia S. , Guevara-Romero Edwin C. , Álvarez-Osorio Liliana P.
Published: December 2019

Introducción: la vaginosis bacteriana es una infección frecuente, de etiología desconocida, que involucra cambios en el microambiente vaginal y favorece durante el embarazo las infecciones ascendentes en el canal vaginal, el útero y anexos, acarreando complicaciones como el parto prematuro. Objetivo: establecer la asociación de la vaginosis bacteriana con factores socioeconómicos, prácticas sexuales, higiene genital y estrés psicológico en embarazadas menores de 26 años (Medellín, Colombia). Materiales y métodos: se estudiaron 90 casos y 217 controles. Se tuvieron en cuenta la presencia de tres de cinco criterios de Amsel para el diagnóstico de vaginosis bacteriana. Resultados: el 51,7% de los casos estaban en el segundo trimestre del embarazo y el 57,7% de controles en el tercero. La distribución de las variables de estudio fue similar entre ambos grupos. La vaginosis bacteriana se asoció inversamente con la candidiasis (razón de disparidad: 10,9; intervalo de confianza del 95%: 3,1-38,5), el segundo trimestre del embarazo (razón de disparidad: 0,51; intervalo de confianza del 95%: 0,30–0,85), el inicio de las relaciones sexuales antes de los 15 años (razón de disparidad: 0,83; intervalo de confianza del 95%: 0,70-0,97) y, después de ajustar por edad, al estrés y la tricomoniasis. El nivel de estrés fue mayor en los controles. Conclusiones: la vaginosis bacteriana se asoció con la ausencia de candidiasis, el segundo trimestre del embarazo y el inicio de las relaciones sexuales antes de los 15 años, pero no con las demás variables en estudio, lo que evidencia la discrepancia con las asociaciones reportadas en la literatura.
Tosferina: una mirada epidemiológica, clínica y del laboratorio
Authors: Rúa-Correa Andrés F. , Arias-Bolívar Javier L. , Orozco-Yepes Paula A. , Pinto-Mejía Jeison , Sánchez Isaura P.
Published: December 2019

La tosferina es una enfermedad aguda bacteriana, causada por Bordetella pertussis, que afecta el tracto respiratorio superior, produciendo fuertes accesos de tos, asfixia y cianosis. Otros microorganismos pueden producir un cuadro similar a la tosferina, conocido como síndrome coqueluchoide, el cual es su principal diagnóstico diferencial. La enfermedad se presenta en su mayoría en lactantes menores, especialmente los que no están adecuadamente inmunizados y están en contacto con adolescentes y adultos, potenciales reservorios de la enfermedad. Actualmente se realiza el diagnóstico mediante criterios clínicos y microbiológicos, que permiten clasificar al paciente en caso probable o confirmado. En cuanto al tratamiento el manejo estándar de la enfermedad incluye antibióticos tipo macrólidos. Dependiendo de la severidad del cuadro se implementa tratamiento de soporte con oxígeno, corticoides, vasodilatadores pulmonares y sedantes. La mejor forma de prevención es una alta cobertura de vacunación cumpliendo los esquemas propuestos. La protección inducida por la vacuna alcanza entre 70%-85% de los títulos de anticuerpos, los cuales disminuyen entre los 4-7 años posvacunación, lo que hace imprescindible la implementación de una dosis de refuerzo a los 18 meses y 5 años. En Colombia todavía falta el establecimiento de otras opciones a edades más avanzadas, previniendo que la persona joven y adulta sea el reservorio de la enfermedad. En general, los hallazgos y avances en el estudio de la tosferina evidencian que es una entidad clínica con un aumento significativo en su incidencia en la población pediátrica, a pesar de que se cree que está totalmente controlada.
Brote de pseudofungemia por Fusarium spp. en una unidad oncológica infantil
Authors: Tamayo-Vélez Marisol , Atehortúa-Muñoz Santiago L. , Echeverri-Toro Lina M.
Published: December 2019

Introducción: dentro del comportamiento microbiológico de una unidad oncológica pediátrica en Medellín, Colombia, se detectó una presentación inusual de casos de fungemia por Fusarium spp. en un corto periodo. Objetivo: describir un brote hospitalario causado por Fusarium spp. en pacientes pediátricos hospitalizados en una unidad oncológica en Medellín, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo sobre un brote hospitalario por Fusarium spp. aislado en sangre de cinco pacientes pediátricos hospitalizados en una unidad de oncología en Medellín, Colombia, entre diciembre de 2012 y febrero de 2013. Resultados: cuatro de los cinco pacientes con hemocultivos positivos para Fusarium spp. tenían acceso venoso central y en tres de ellos el único hemocultivo positivo fue tomado a través de una de las vías del catéter. Dado lo anterior, sumado a que no había correlación con los hallazgos clínicos, tres pacientes se consideraron casos de pseudofungemias y no se les administró tratamiento antifúngico. Dentro de las hipótesis planteadas sobre la causa del brote se confirmó la contaminación del ambiente con el hongo debido a un sistema de ventilación ineficiente. Conclusiones: en la mayoría de los casos del brote Fusarium spp. se consideró contaminante de los dispositivos intravasculares y se asoció a dificultades en el control ambiental de las habitaciones.
Menjelajah Kultur Majapahit, Mencari â€œIdentitasâ€ Seni Rupa Kontemporer Jawa Timur
Authors: Bramantijo Bramantijo
Published: December 2019

The identity of Indonesian art is loaded with political contents in the interests of harmony. Indentity becomesthe differentiator and positioning in artwords. East Java gets the fortunes to be the locus of Majapahit and heritage ofthe Majapahit culture, but the atmosphere of contemporary art gives artists of freedom to explore the variety oftraditional cultures in various loci and make as identity. The sole recognition of a culture by a group community is nolonger relevant. The other way, it occurs the ability of artists to discover the characteristics of traditional cultures and topresent it typically as a differentiator with other artists.
REVITALISASI KEARIFAN LOKAL SUNDA
Authors: Sumardjo Jakob
Published: December 2019

In Sundanese culture, local wisdom is the middle sineger (sineger tengah) or middle siger (siger tengah) a middleground that is moderate. The excavation of local Sundanese wisdom means finding a rational pattern or basicphilosophy that is suitable for living in this area. In other areas where the situation is similar it is possible to find abasic philosophy which is more or less the same. Foreign local wisdom which enters the local wisdom of Sundanese tendsto conform not the other way around. Times will always change but Sundanese become another Sundanese of its ownkinds. The outward form can change, but the structure and pattern of building the meaning of life tend to remain workgenetically unnoticed because since childhood has been investigated by the older generation in the same pattern. Therevitalization of Sundanese culture is necessary or not depending on its actuality to solve the present problems.
HISTORIOGRAFI GLOBALISASI BATIK MASA KOLONIAL DAN TANTANGAN GLOBAL ERA KONTEMPORER
Authors: Adisasmito Nuning Damayanti
Published: December 2019

With regard to the long history of the creation of Batik Indonesia and its development, batik technique becomesone that is recognized as the world cultural heritage. UNESCO on October 2 , 2009 recognized belonging of Batik to the nation of Indonesia which became world heritage, then October 2nd  at once also celebrated as National Batik Day. This is the work of many parties and government support. Batik is a product of indigenous culture of Indonesia, especially made by the people of Java Island, but now scattered centers of batik industry almost throughout theIndonesian archipelago, not only in Pekalongan, Solo, Yogyakarta, Madura, Tasikmalaya, Cirebon, Garut. This fact adds to the rich variety of Batik Nusantara.
AN ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS READING FINAL EXAMINATION BY USING ITEM ANALYSIS PROGRAM ON ELEVENTH GRADE OF SMA NEGERI 8 MEDAN
Authors: Manalu Dewi , Sipayung Kammer Tuahman , Lestari Febrika Dwi
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of the reading final examination in SMA N8 Medan grade eleventh in terms of reliability, level difficulty, discrimination power and level of distractor. This research is qualitative-quantitative research. The subject of research are the grade XI of SMA N8 Medan. Data is analyzed by ANATES program version 4.0.9. The analysis shows that: (1) items of multiple choice question that can be said as valid are 14 items ( 56%), while the invalid items amounted to 11 items ( 44%). (2) Items mutiple choice question can said as reliable because it equal 0,90 so it can said reliable. (3) items of multiple choice questions that categorized easy are 3 items (12%), satisfactory category 7 ( 28%) difficult category 2 (8%) and the other calculate categorized very easy 3 items (12%) and very difficult 3 (12%). (4) items of multiple choice questions that categorized poor are 12 items (48%),average category are 2 items (8%), good items category 1 items (4%) and excellent items are 8 items (32%).
Análisis de los tipos de acoso y discriminación recogidos en los códigos de conducta de las empresas cotizadas en la Bolsa española en el mercado continuo a 31-12-2015
Authors: Verona Martel María Concepción , De León Santana Sara
Published: December 2019

En este trabajo se analizan los diferentes tipos de acoso y discriminación recogidos en los códigos éticos de las empresas cotizadas en la Bolsa española a 31-12-2015. Los resultados muestran que las empresas incluyen una amplia variedad de tipos de acoso y discriminación en su código de conducta, entre los que destaca el rechazo a la discriminación por razón de sexo. Asimismo, el análisis por sectores pone de manifiesto que en todos los sectores no se da la misma importancia a los diferentes tipos de acoso y discriminación.

Abstract

In this paper we analyze the different types of harassment and discrimination included in the ethical codes of companies listed on the Spanish Stock Exchange on 12/31/2015. The results show that companies include a wide variety of types of harassment and discrimination in their code of conduct, among which the rejection of discrimination based on sex stands out. Likewise, the analysis by sectors shows that in all sectors, the different types of harassment and discrimination are not given the same importance.
Evaluación del Desempeño de los Recursos Federales del Ramo 33, destinados a los Municipios del Río, Sonora, en el ejercicio 2018
Authors: Andrade Espinoza Abraham
Published: December 2019

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objeto evaluar el desempeño de los Recursos Federales del Ramo 33, de los Municipios del Río, Sonora del ejercicio 2018, en base al Presupuesto basado en Resultados y el Sistema de Evaluación del Desempeño con la finalidad de medir el impacto que tienen los recursos del Ramo 33, destinados a los diferentes Municipios del Río de Sonora, analizando que se hayan ejercido de forma eficaz, eficiente y económicamente, alineándose con el Plan Nacional de Desarrollo en el cumplimiento de objetivos y metas de los programas otorgados.
Transparencia, rendición de cuenta y gobierno abierto en los Municipios de Sonora
Authors: Gámez Villegas Omar
Published: December 2019

El proceso de Transparencia, Rendición de Cuentas y Gobierno Abierto se ha incrementado en México, desde hace varios años ha tenido más atención y recursos a nivel global. Es importante saber y conocer que es lo que está pasando en nuestros gobiernos. El tema de Transparencia, Rendición de Cuentas se ha concentrado en el ámbito del gobierno federal, descuidando la rendición de cuenta en los gobiernos Estatales y Municipales, es preocupante y preocupante ya que los municipios son los que presentan mayor descuido en el tema de transparencia. Este trabajo revisa el marco jurídico de Transparencia, Rendición de Cuenta, y Gobierno Abierto en los municipios de sonora, con el fin de cotejar los avances de un sistema que les dé a los ciudadanos un mecanismo para requerir cuentas a los gobernantes de cada municipio, y es de gran importancia la rendición de cuentas para la conciliación democrática de nuestro país.
Risk assessment for pesticide resistance in sugar beet pathogens, pests and weeds
Authors: Varrelmann Mark , Märländer Bernward
Published: December 2019

Resistance against pesticides in pathogens, pests and weeds has to be considered as a major threat to efficient agricultural production in general. This review compiles the basics of pesticide resistance development including important mechanisms, the factors and components of risk assessment and provides an overview of the most relevant sugar beet pathogens, pests and weeds as well as compounds currently used for their control that are threatened by resistance development. Only detailed knowledge about the pesticide mode of action, agronomic factors for its use, genetics/biology of target organisms and the resistance mechanism will enable to identify risks preferably before pesticide failure. The information assembled shall help to develop resistance management plans including tactics for specific prevention and management of resistance to maintain yield stability and allow sustainable intensification of sugar beet cultivation.
Merkblätter der Besten Verfügbaren Techniken – Prozess der Überarbeitung und Grenzwertsetzung
Authors: Schaper Albrecht
Published: December 2019

Mit der Verabschiedung der Europäischen Industrieemissions-Richtlinie 2010/75/EU (IE-RL) im Jahre 2010 haben die Beste-Verfügbare-Techniken (BVT)-Merkblätter eine umfassende Neubewertung erhalten. Die BVT-Merkblätter sind ein zentrales Steuerungselement der Anlagenzulassung in Europa geworden, an das sich alle Mitgliedstaaten der Europäischen Union halten müssen. Die Grundlagen dafür sind im Artikel 13 der IE-RL niedergelegt. Es erfolgt eine Festlegung wie die BVT-Merkblätter zu erstellen bzw. zu überarbeiten sind und wie die Schlussfolgerungen für Emissionen aus den betroffenen Anlagen zu erstellen sind.

Die Überarbeitung findet mit Hilfe eines Informationsaustausches zwischen den Mitgliedstaaten, den betreffenden Industriezweigen, Nichtregierungsorganisationen und der Kommission statt.

Als Ergebnis werden Festlegungen für zukünftig einzuhaltende Emissionsgrenzen im europäischen Gesetzblatt veröffentlicht.
Josephian cadastre as a source of geographic information on historical landscapes
Authors: Frajer Jindřich
Published: December 2019

The article deals with the potential of the Josephian Cadastre (1785–1790) to be the first modern cadastre in the territory of the Habsburg Monarchy for the purposes of the geographic research of historical landscapes. Although the cadastre is not equipped with maps, the Book of Fasí provides very detailed written information of each plot within the defined cadastral area. The case study focuses on the applicability of the Josephian Cadastre on the research of historical land use and the possibility of involving it as another time horizon in the LUCC Czechia database (1846–2010). We carried out a check of the borders defined in the Josephian Cadastre with the later Stabile Cadaster (1837–1843) and its maps using the retrogression method. It was ascertained that the cadastral areas did not correspond to each other and their homogenization was necessary for further comparison. Despite the fact that some areas were not surveyed in the Josephian Cadastre, this source can be used to acquire detailed data of land use in eight basic classes and to utilize them both in the research of landscape macrostructure – and for specific landscape elements, such as ponds, balks, hedgerows, rocks, and remnants of montane activities.
Opponents and successors of the Xanthian dynasty in Western Lycia: The Weχssere questions reconsidered
Authors: MÜSELER Wilhelm
Published: December 2019

In response to several recent studies published by
Koray Konuk, Diether Schürr and Frank Kolb the author assembles the extant
numismatic evidence of the early 4th century BC from Central and
Western Lycia in order to reconstruct the history of the Xanthos-Valley between
the end of the rule of Erbbina and the rise of Perikle and to establish the
sequence of the principal political agents during that period. He is defending
the traditional hypothesis that there were not less (but also not more) than
two rulers with the name Weχssere. The first one had been a contemporary of
Χeriga, who probably had taken the city of Xanthos from him. The second one,
who might actually have been a son or a relative of his elder namesake, invaded
the Xanthos-Valley from Central-Lycia bringing the reign of the tyrant Erbbina
to an end at the beginning of the 4th century BC. While the likewise attested
agents Aruwãtijesi and Ddẽñtimi were probably co-rulers or lieutenants, the
author holds that Waχssebllimi, Waχssepddimi and Uχssepddimi are possibly to be
seen as nothing else than composite name-forms used by the elder and the
younger Weχssere respectively. Furthermore, the author comes to the conclusion
that the numismatic material might point to a conflict between Mithrapata and Artumpara
in Western Lycia before both were finally defea­ted by Perikle.
New Readings from Oinoanda (SEG 44, 1200), Olbasa (SEG 48, 1536), and Maionia
Authors: MİLNER Nicholas
Published: December 2019

This article offers corrections to three
published inscriptions, from ancient Oinoanda (no. 1), Olbasa (no. 2), and
Maionia (no. 3). In no. 1, the name and patronymics of an athletic victor are
proposed to be Aurelius Aisimos, son of Aratos alias Hermaios, son of Thoas,
and he is acclaimed with the title pleistonikes, “multiple victor”
rather than hieronikes, “sacred victor”. In no. 2, the cognomen
of the dedicant of an inscribed altar for the Sebastoi is re-read as Protes. Finally, in no. 3, a confession
stele for a man cured of a broken leg, the syntax of the text is restored and
elucidated by the emendation of a single letter.
The Second Life of Inscriptions in Late Antique and Byzantine Asia Minor: Some Remarks on the Reuse of the Inscribed Material
Authors: PALLİS Georgios
Published: December 2019

Classical, Roman and Late antiquity inherited in the land of Asia Minor thousands of older Greek and Latin inscriptions on stone, of various content and purposes. With the collapse of the ancient world and the transition to the medieval period, this material lost its significance as conveyor of public and private texts and became incomprehensible to the viewers. In the meantime, contem­porary epigraphy followed a different orientation and acquired new values, in the service of Chris­tianity and the Eastern Roman imperial institutions. Fortifications, public infrastructure and churches predominate in the building activity in the re­gion during this long period. Taking place primarily at ancient cities and sites full of earlier ma­terial, architectural production extensively reused spolia of various kinds and periods. These spo­lia included many inscriptions, which were embedded –intact or reworked– in various structures. The walls of Ankara, the churches of Ephesus and other monuments are representative of this practice, which was later exercised by the Seljuks and the Ottoman Turks too.   The presence of inscribed spolia in Byzantine monuments of Asia Minor raises several questions about the attitude towards the written word in a society which was still using the same language, in a somehow changed form, but was sharing a different culture. Based on selected cases of reused epigraphic material from the Asia Minor, this article argues that inscriptions were treated mainly in practical terms. Being more or less incomprehensible by illiterate and literate Byzantines, in­scribed stones became raw building materials available to be recycled in fortifications, secular buildings and churches.
A New Inscribed Assos Sarcophagus from Alexandreia Troas and The Collegium of Shipwrights
Authors: ÖZHAN Tolga , YAMAN Hüseyin
Published: December 2019

This paper presents a new inscribed Assos-type sarcophagus found recently in a village close to the ancient city of Alexandreia Troas. A characteristic feature of the general decoration of Assos-type sarcophagi is the attention-grabbing shape of the large central panel positioned on each of the long sides of the sarcophagus. It is proposed that these large central panels may have been schematic representations of rectangular or round funerary altars. Accordingly, the depiction of the funerary altar on the sarcophagus is considered to be a new hybrid style of the practice in the necropolis of Assos of erecting a funerary altar along with the sarcophagus.  With this sarcophagus inscription dating to the third century AD, the presence of the professional association of shipwrights, which is known to have existed in a number of important harbour cities in the western part of the Roman Empire, is attested for the first time in the ancient city of Alexandreia Troas and Asia Minor in general. The epithet ἱερώτατος labelling the collegium suggests that the association may have gained a privileged position in the ancient city. The anonymous owner of the sarcophagus must have been associated with the collegium of shipwrights at Alexandreia Troas and, presumably, he was a shipwright.
Cross Site Scripting Attacks in Web-Based Applications
Authors: Aliga Aliga Paul , John-Otumu Adetokunbo MacGregor , Imhanhahimi Rebecca E , Akpe Atuegbelo Confidence
Published: December 2019

Web-based applications has turn out to be very prevalent due to the ubiquity of web browsers to deliver service oriented application on-demand to diverse client over the Internet and cross site scripting (XSS) attack is a foremost security risk that has continuously ravage the web applications over the years. This paper critically examines the concept of XSS and some recent approaches for detecting and preventing XSS attacks in terms of architectural framework, algorithm used, solution location, and so on. The techniques were analysed and results showed that most of the available recognition and avoidance solutions to XSS attacks are more on the client end than the server end because of the peculiar nature of web application vulnerability and they also lack support for self-learning ability in order to detect new XSS attacks. Few researchers as cited in this paper inculcated the self-learning ability to detect and prevent XSS attacks in their design architecture using artificial neural networks and soft computing approach; a lot of improvement is still needed to effectively and efficiently handle the web application security menace as recommended.
Prospects of the Nigeria Brewery Industry
Authors: Ugboya Paul A. , Odiamenhi Martins A.
Published: December 2019

This study analyses the economics and determinants of a brewery industry (Guinness Nigeria Limited) with a view of establishing the future of breweries in Nigeria. The specific objectives were to estimate the factors influencing products production and determine the viability of products manufactured by the company. Multiple regression and the ordinary least square techniques were used to analyse the long-term (2006 - 2015) annual time series data observed for the study. The results showed that the major determinant of Stout, Harp and Malt production is demanded. As a significant input, it positively influences product production. The observed values of regression coefficients (R2) are 0.99349 (for Stout), 0.90981 (for Harp), and 0.99498 (for Malt), which indicates that they are reliable for determining the future of Guinness Nigeria Ltd. The results also showed that logarithm of demand for Stout production (LstoutD) of 13.5277, LharpD of 21.8439 and LmaltD of 12.2653 were projected respectively up to the year 2025, an indication that brewery production in the state is viable and that future is bright.
Unavailability of K-out-of-N: G Systems with non-identical Components Based on Markov Model
Authors: Okubanjo Ayodeji Akinsoji , Akinyemi Olasunkami oriola , Oyetola Oluwadamilola Kehinde , Olaluwoye Olawale omopariola , Alao Olufemi Peter
Published: December 2019

The process industry has always been faced with the challenging tasks of determining the overall unavailability of safety instrumented systems (SISs). The unavailability of the safety instrumented system is quantified by considering the average probability of failure on demand. To mitigate these challenges, the IEC 61508 has established analytical formulas for estimating the average probability of failure on demand for K-out-of-N (KooN) architectures. However, these formulas are limited to the system with identical components and this limitation has not been addressed in many researches. Hence, this paper proposes an unavailability model based on Markov Model for different redundant system architectures with non-identical components and generalised formulas are established for non-identical k-out-of-n and n-out-of-n configurations. Furthermore, the proposed model incorporates undetected failure rate and evaluates its impact on the unavailability quantification of SIS. The accuracy of the proposed model is verified with the existing unavailability methods and it is shown that the proposed approach provides a sufficiently robust result for all system architectures.
Effects of Erratic and Epileptic Electric Power Supply in Nigerian Telecommunication Industry: Causes and Solutions
Authors: Agbeboaye C. , Akpojedje F. O. , Ogbe B. I.
Published: December 2019

The issue of erratic and epileptic power supply in Nigeria Electricity Company is as old as the country itself. This is not unconnected to some factors such as: inadequate power generated in the national grid, electric power losses in the distribution network, government instability and unstable power reform policies, to mention but a few. The effects of erratic and epileptic power supply have been a major challenge to every sector in Nigeria especially the telecommunication industry. The telecommunication industry plays a significant role in the growth and development of every nation. Hence, this paper aims at critically investigating the causes and effects of erratic and epileptic electric power supply in Nigerian telecommunication industry. More so, the paper suggested and recommended ways to curb and enhance the current erratic and epileptic power situation in the country in order to boost the productivity of telecommunication industry and other sectors as well.
Examining joint attention with the use of humanoid robots-A new approach to study fundamental mechanisms of social cognition
Authors: Chevalier Pauline , Kompatsiari Kyveli , Ciardo Francesca , Wykowska Agnieszka
Published: December 2019

This article reviews methods to investigate joint attention and highlights the benefits of new methodological approaches that make use of the most recent technological developments, such as humanoid robots for studying social cognition. After reviewing classical approaches that address joint attention mechanisms with the use of controlled screen-based stimuli, we describe recent accounts that have proposed the need for more natural and interactive experimental protocols. Although the recent approaches allow for more ecological validity, they often face the challenges of experimental control in more natural social interaction protocols. In this context, we propose that the use of humanoid robots in interactive protocols is a particularly promising avenue for targeting the mechanisms of joint attention. Using humanoid robots to interact with humans in naturalistic experimental setups has the advantage of both excellent experimental control and ecological validity. In clinical applications, it offers new techniques for both diagnosis and therapy, especially for children with autism spectrum disorder. The review concludes with indications for future research, in the domains of healthcare applications and human–robot interaction in general.
Phylogeny and species delimitation of Strobilomyces (Boletaceae), with an emphasis on the Asian species
Authors: Han L.H. , Wu G. , Horak E. , Halling R.E. , Xu J. , Ndolo E.S.T. , Sato H. , Fechner N. , Sharma Y.P. , Yang Z.L.
Published: December 2019

Strobilomyces is broadly distributed geographically and serves an important ecological function. However, it has been difficult to delimit species within the genus, primarily due to developmental variations and phenotypic plasticity. To elucidate phylogenetic relationships among
species within the genus and to understand its species diversity, especially in Asia, materials of the genus collected from five continents (Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, and North/Central America) were investigated. The phylogeny of Strobilomyces was reconstructed based on nucleotide
sequences of four genes coding for: the largest and the second largest subunits of the RNA polymerase II (RPB1 and RPB2); the translation elongation factor subunit 1-α (TEF1); and the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 3 (COX3). The combined results
based on molecular phylogenetics, morphological characters, host tree associations, and geographical distribution patterns support a new classification consisting of two sections, sect. Strobilomyces and sect. Echinati. Using the genealogical concordance phylogenetic species
recognition (GCPSR) approach, at least 33 phylogenetic species in Asia can be delimited, all of which are supported by morphological features, and five phylogenetic species remain to be described. The mountainous region of Southwest China is especially special, containing at least 21 species
and likely represents a centre of diversification. We further compared our specimens with the type specimens of 25 species of Strobilomyces. Our comparisons suggest that, there are a total of 31 distinct species, while S. sanmingensis, S. verruculosus, S. subnigricans,
and S. zangii/S. areolatus, are synonyms of S. mirandus, S. giganteus, S. alpinus and S. seminudus, respectively. Eight new species, namely, S. albidus, S. anthracinus, S. calidus, S. cingulatus, S. densisquamosus,
S. douformis, S. microreticulatus and S. pinophilus, are described. A dichotomous key to the Asian Strobilomyces species is provided.
EMPLOYERS’ POLICIES AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE PERFORMANCE OF OLDER EMPLOYEES IN LITHUANIA
Authors: Skučienė Daiva , Moskvina Julija
Published: December 2019

The ageing labour force is the one of the main challenges for the labour market in Lithuania. The working career of
older employees very much depends on the policies and attitude of employers. Thus, the aim of this paper is to analyse the policies
and attitudes of Lithuanian employers towards older employees. The data of Eurobarometer 76.2 in 2011 and the data of the
employers’ survey in Lithuania in 2014 were used for the implementation of the goal. The construction, trade, education, health
care and public administration sectors were selected on arbitrary basis. The respondents were surveyed by telephone. The sample
of the survey included 216 managers or staff managers. The employers in primary data of Eurobarometer 76.2 were defined as
general and middle managers. The data were analysed using the method of factor analysis. The secondary Eurostat data were used
for the analysis of socioeconomic context. The legal norms were analysed using national documents. The main findings of the
research reveal the general positive attitude of employers towards older workers in Lithuania. However, the existing workplace
practice gives little encouragement for prolonging the working career in older age due to obsolete cultural and legal norms.
The Canada–France Imaging Survey: Reconstructing the Milky Way Star Formation History from Its White Dwarf Population
Authors: Fantin Nicholas J. , Côté Patrick , McConnachie Alan W. , Bergeron Pierre , Cuillandre Jean-Charles , Gwyn Stephen D. J. , Ibata Rodrigo A. , Thomas Guillaume F. , Carlberg Raymond G. , Fabbro Sébastien , Haywood Misha , Lançon Ariane , Lewis Geraint F. , Malhan Khyati , Martin Nicolas F. , Navarro Julio F. , Scott Douglas , Starkenburg Else
Published: December 2019

As the remnants of stars with initial masses ≲8 M
⊙, white dwarfs contain valuable information on the formation histories of stellar populations. In this paper, we use deep, high-quality, u-band photometry from the Canada–France Imaging Survey, griz photometry from Pan-STARRS1, as well as proper motions from Gaia DR2, to select 25,156 white dwarf candidates over ∼4500 deg2 using a reduced proper motion diagram. We develop a new white dwarf population synthesis code that returns mock observations of the Galactic field white dwarf population for a given star formation history, while simultaneously taking into account the geometry of the Milky Way (MW), survey parameters, and selection effects. We use this model to derive the star formation histories of the thin disk, thick disk, and stellar halo. Our results show that the MW disk began forming stars (11.3 ± 0.5) Gyr ago, with a peak rate of (8.8 ± 1.4) M
⊙ yr −1 at (9.8 ± 0.4) Gyr, before a slow decline to a constant rate until the present day—consistent with recent results suggesting a merging event with a satellite galaxy. Studying the residuals between the data and best-fit model shows evidence for a slight increase in star formation over the past 3 Gyr. We fit the local fraction of helium-atmosphere white dwarfs to be (21 ± 3)%. Incorporating this methodology with data from future wide-field surveys such as the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, Euclid, The Cosmological Advanced Survey Telescope for Optical and ultraviolet Research, and the Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope should provide an unprecedented view into the formation of the MW at its earliest epoch through its white dwarfs.
Kinematics of the M87 Jet in the Collimation Zone: Gradual Acceleration and Velocity Stratification
Authors: Park Jongho , Hada Kazuhiro , Kino Motoki , Nakamura Masanori , Hodgson Jeffrey , Ro Hyunwook , Cui Yuzhu , Asada Keiichi , Algaba Juan-Carlos , Sawada-Satoh Satoko , Lee Sang-Sung , Cho Ilje , Shen Zhiqiang , Jiang Wu , Trippe Sascha , Niinuma Kotaro , Sohn Bong Won , Jung Taehyun , Zhao Guang-Yao , Wajima Kiyoaki , Tazaki Fumie , Honma Mareki , An Tao , Akiyama Kazunori , Byun Do-Young , Kim Jongsoo , Zhang Yingkang , Cheng Xiaopeng , Kobayashi Hideyuki , Shibata Katsunori M. , Lee Jee Won , Roh Duk-Gyoo , Oh Se-Jin , Yeom Jae-Hwan , Jung Dong-Kyu , Oh Chungsik , Kim Hyo-Ryoung , Hwang Ju-Yeon , Hagiwara Yoshiaki
Published: December 2019

We study the kinematics of the M87 jet using the first-year data of the KVN and VERA Array (KaVA) large program, which has densely monitored the jet at 22 and 43 GHz since 2016. We find that the apparent jet speeds generally increase from ≈0.3c at ≈0.5 mas from the jet base to ≈2.7c at ≈20 mas, indicating that the jet is accelerated from subluminal to superluminal speeds on these scales. We perform a complementary jet kinematic analysis by using archival Very Long Baseline Array monitoring data observed in 2005–2009 at 1.7 GHz and find that the jet is moving at relativistic speeds up to ≈5.8c at distances of 200–410 mas. We combine the two kinematic results and find that the jet is gradually accelerated over a broad distance range that coincides with the jet collimation zone, implying that conversion of Poynting flux to kinetic energy flux takes place. If the jet emission consists of a single streamline, the observed trend of jet acceleration (Γ ∝ z
0.16±0.01) is relatively slow compared to models of a highly magnetized jet. This indicates that Poynting flux conversion through the differential collimation of poloidal magnetic fields may be less efficient than expected. However, we find a nonnegligible dispersion in the observed speeds for a given jet distance, making it difficult to describe the jet velocity field with a single power-law acceleration function. We discuss the possibility that the jet emission consists of multiple streamlines following different acceleration profiles, resulting in jet velocity stratification.
First Season MWA Phase II Epoch of Reionization Power Spectrum Results at Redshift 7
Authors: Li W. , Pober J. C. , Barry N. , Hazelton B. J. , Morales M. F. , Trott C. M. , Lanman A. , Wilensky M. , Sullivan I. , Beardsley A. P. , Booler T. , Bowman J. D. , Byrne R. , Crosse B. , Emrich D. , Franzen T. M. O. , Hasegawa K. , Horsley L. , Johnston-Hollitt M. , Jacobs D. C. , Jordan C. H. , Joseph R. C. , Kaneuji T. , Kaplan D. L. , Kenney D. , Kubota K. , Line J. , Lynch C. , McKinley B. , Mitchell D. A. , Murray S. , Pallot D. , Pindor B. , Rahimi M. , Riding J. , Sleap G. , Steele K. , Takahashi K. , Tingay S. J. , Walker M. , Wayth R. B. , Webster R. L. , Williams A. , Wu C. , Wyithe J. S. B. , Yoshiura S. , Zheng Q.
Published: December 2019

The compact configuration of Phase II of the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) consists of both a redundant subarray and pseudo-random baselines, offering unique opportunities to perform sky-model and redundant interferometric calibration. The highly redundant hexagonal cores give improved power spectrum sensitivity. In this paper, we present the analysis of nearly 40 hr of data targeting one of the MWA’s epoch of reionization (EoR) fields observed in 2016. We use both improved analysis techniques presented in Barry et al. and several additional techniques developed for this work, including data quality control methods and interferometric calibration approaches. We show the EoR power spectrum limits at redshift 6.5, 6.8, and 7.1 based on our deep analysis on this 40 hr data set. These limits span a range in k-space of 0.18 h Mpc−1 < k < 1.6 h Mpc−1, with a lowest measurement of Δ2 ≤ 2.39 × 103 mK2 at k = 0.59 h Mpc−1 and z = 6.5.
Measuring and Modeling the Rate of Separator Reconnection between an Emerging and an Existing Active Region
Authors: McCarthy Marika I. , Longcope Dana W. , Malanushenko Anna , McKenzie David E.
Published: December 2019

Magnetic reconnection occurs when new flux emerges into the corona and becomes incorporated into the existing coronal field. A new active region (AR) emerging in the vicinity of an existing AR provides a convenient laboratory in which reconnection of this kind can be quantified. We use high time-cadence 171 Å data from Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO)/AIA, focused on new/old active region pair 11147/11149, to quantify reconnection. We identify new loops as brightenings within a strip of pixels between the regions. This strategy is premised on the assumption that the energy responsible for brightening a loop originates in magnetic reconnection. We catalog 301 loops observed in the 48 hr time period beginning with the emergence of AR 11149. The rate at which these loops appear between the two ARs is used to calculate the reconnection rate between them. We then fit these loops with magnetic field, solving for each loop’s field strength, geometry, and twist (via its proxy, coronal α). We find the rate of newly brightened flux overestimates the flux that could be undergoing reconnection. This excess can be explained by our finding that the interconnecting region is not at its lowest energy (constant-α) state; the extrapolations exhibit loop-to-loop variation in α. This flux overestimate may result from the slow emergence of AR 11149, which allows time for Taylor relaxation internal to the domain of the reconnected flux to bring the α distribution toward a single value, providing another mechanism for brightening loops after they are first created.
Radical left parties, counter-hegemony and the EU
Authors: Charalambous Giorgos
Published: December 2019

This essay considers the levels of support, the ideological-political spectrum and the electoral possibilities for European radical left parties, with reference to the social and political context of the 2019 European elections. At EU Parliament level this is mainly expressed through
the United European Left/Nordic Green Left (GUE/NGL) group. Reviewing the contours of the elections, the aim is to invite reflection on the short-term conjuncture and its effects on the radical left (e.g. the effects of Brexit, the rise in importance of environmental issues, the defeat of
Syriza), but also to historicise the dynamics internal to this political grouping. More long-term structural issues include both systemic mechanisms and the variation in national circumstances, both of which necessarily delimit socialist strategy. The overarching question concerns the prospects
for establishing an EU-wide counter-hegemony from the left.
Intravaginal administration of gelatine capsules containing freeze-dried autochthonous lactobacilli: a double-blind, randomised clinical trial of safety
Authors: De Gregorio P.R. , Maldonado N.C. , Pingitore E. Vera , Terraf M.C. Leccese , Tomás M.S. Juárez , de Ruiz C. Silva , Santos V. , Wiese B. , Bru E. , Paiz M.C. , Reina M.F. , Schujman D.E. , Nader-Macías M.E.F.
Published: December 2019

Vaginal lactobacilli (LAB) in probiotic formulas constitute a promising alternative for microbiome reconstitution and for the prevention and treatment of urogenital infections. A double-blind, randomised clinical trial was conducted to assess the safety of LAB-gelatine capsules vaginally administered to healthy sexually active women. Participants were randomised into three groups: intervention A: Lactobacillus reuteri CRL1324, Lactobacillus gasseri CRL1263 and CRL1307; intervention B: Lactobacillus rhamnosus CRL1332, L. gasseri CRL1256 and CRL1320; and intervention C: placebo. In a survey and clinical evaluation, participants received a blister with 7 capsules to be administered 1 per day. A second sampling and a new survey were conducted 3-10 days after completing application. Colposcopy was performed to assess adverse effects on vaginal-cervical mucosa. Vaginal swabs were taken for Gram staining to determine the Nugent score, and obtainment of viable-cell cultures to quantify cultivable lactic acid bacteria and pathogens. The main outcomes evaluated were overall satisfaction and secondary effects, including discomfort, urogenital infection, inflammatory response or other symptoms. No significant differences were found in Nugent score or in leukocyte numbers in vaginal samples either before or after the three interventions. However, a tendency to decrease in both the Nugent score and in leukocyte numbers was observed after interventions A and B, though not after C. A significant increase in cultivable lactobacilli was determined after LAB interventions. No severe adverse events were detected. LAB-containing capsules were well tolerated by subjects, so they could be proposed as an adequate alternative to restore vaginal lactobacilli in sexually active women.
Are the growth and survival ofAcheta domesticus comparable when reared onokara, waste vegetables and premium animal feed?
Authors: Quek X.T. , Liang L. , Tham H.H. , Yeo H. , Tan M.K. , Tan H.T.W.
Published: December 2019

The domesticated house cricket,Acheta domesticus(Linnaeus, 1758), has been lauded as a more sustainable protein source than traditional livestock to meet the ever-increasing demand for food. There is also a potential of using waste food, such asokara(soybean residue from the manufacture of soy milk and tofu) and waste vegetables which are commonly available in many parts of Southeast Asia, to feed these insects. Food wastage can be reduced while increasing the food supply if the crickets can grow and survive well on waste food. Thus, we investigated the viability of rearingA. domesticuson oligidic diets, specifically waste vegetables andokara, to optimise the use of waste food as feed to the crickets. We monitored cricket mortality and fresh weight of 32 individually housed crickets subjected to different diet treatments, every other day for 45 days. The crickets reared onBrassica rapa(xiao bai cai; XBC) andokaramixture did not grow and survive as well as those reared on the XBC and dog food mixture, contradicting our initial prediction thatokarais a suitable cricket feed, even though it has been considered one of the best oligidic diets. We also did not find any evidence that crickets reared on mixed diets of XBC andokarafood grew or survived better than single diets of XBC orokara. This showed thatokaracannot always replace premium animal feed to rearA. domesticuscrickets.
Resistance toFusarium head blight and mycotoxin accumulation among 129 wheat cultivars from different ecological regions in China
Authors: Yan Z. , Zhang H. , van der Lee T.A.J. , Waalwijk C. , van Diepeningen A.D. , Deng Y. , Feng J. , Liu T. , Chen W.
Published: December 2019

A total of 129 wheat cultivars collected from local breeders in four ecological regions in China was evaluated forFusarium head blight resistance after natural infection under epidemic conditions. The disease index was scored and seven toxins concentrations were determined by UPLC-MS/MS. The disease index ranged from 6.3 to 80.9% and a strong correlation was found between the regions from which the cultivars originate and disease index. The middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River Region showed the highest disease resistance, followed by the upper reaches of the Yangtze River Region. FHB resistance of cultivars from northern and southern Huanghuai Region was lowest and all cultivars in these regions are highly or moderately susceptible. Disease index was significantly correlated with toxin accumulation on nation scale, but no clear correlation was found within most ecological regions. The toxin accumulation was also not well correlated with resistant levels. As the incidence of FHB has increased dramatically over the last decade, improved FHB resistance in cultivars is urgently needed. We recommend that besides scoring for disease index also mycotoxin accumulation in cultivars is incorporated in breeding procedures and the evaluation of cultivars.
The Octogenarian Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Hilton Andrew I , Back Diane L , Espag Marius P , Briggs Timothy W R , Cannon Stephen R
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Sixty-five patients aged >80 years were compared to 65 patients aged between 60 and 70 years to assess total knee arthroplasty (TKA) outcome using the octogenarian postoperative Knee Society knee and function scores.

Knee Society knee scores showed excellent outcomes with no statistically significant difference in the younger cohort (preoperative score, P=.7156; 5-year score, P=.0677). Knee Society function scores also showed good outcomes with no statistically significant difference between the groups (preoperative score, P=.1147; 5-year score, P=A 348). Average length of stay increased by 3 days for octogenarians. Octogenarians had more pre-existing medical conditions and suffered more postoperative confusion. All but 1 patient rated the result as good/excellent. Patients maintained their independence for approximately 3.5 years before requiring more social input.

With careful preoperative planning and counseling, TKA is recommended for the octogenarian.
What's the Scoop with Grapefruit?
Authors: Sterling Emily S , Smith Kelly M
Published: December 2019

Grapefruit juice can affect multiple drugs; however, multiple options exist, which help minimize or avoid such interactions.
Histologic and Mechanical Evaluation of Impaction Grafting for Femoral Component Revision in a Goat Model
Authors: Malkani Arthur L , Voor Michael J , Hellman Edward J , Khalily Cyna , Capello William , Wang Mei , Bauer Thomas W , Crawford Charles H
Published: December 2019

abstract

A goat model of revision hip arthroplasty was used to examine the histology and mechanical performance of impaction grafting using two femoral stems varying in stem surface finish. There were no significant mechanical or qualitative histologic differences between smooth, tapered, polished stems and step-cut, grit-blasted stems. Allograft distribution, bone incorporation, and cement mantle thickness were not uniform within the femoral canal. Efforts to improve the impaction grafting technique may be more important than stem design.