bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análisis del marco regulatorio de bonos de carbono y los derechos indígenas en países andinos
Authors: Jaimes-Becerra Jesús Ramón , Villegas-Solís Jenny Marlene , García-Quezada Génesis Andrea , Campaña-Chaglla Jimena Alexandra
Published: February 2025

RESUMENEste estudio presenta un análisis comparativo del marco regulatorio y la implementación de bonos de carbono en los países miembros de la Comunidad Andina de Naciones, CAN (Colombia, Perú, Ecuador y Bolivia). La investigación identifica patrones distintivos en las normativas de cada país miembro. A través del análisis de hechos sociales (juicios, consultas populares y protestas), se identifican desafíos comunes, especialmente en lo referente a la consulta previa a pueblos indígenas. El estudio concluye que, a pesar de las diferentes aproximaciones nacionales, existe un potencial significativo para la cooperación regional y la armonización de estándares, mientras se respetan los derechos humanos. Se recomienda el desarrollo de protocolos comunes y la implementación de sistemas transparentes de registro y seguimiento. Esta investigación contribuye a la comprensión de las dinámicas regionales en el desarrollo de mercados de carbono, facilitando una participación más efectiva en los mismos.
PELATIHAN PENYUSUNAN LAPORAN KEUANGAN UMKM SESUAI SAK EMKM USAHA MIKRO KECIL DAN MENENGAH (UMKM) DI KELURAHAN SIALANG MUNGGU
Authors: Arini Arini , Budiman Andi Zahran , Maulana Restu Agung , Siagian Elizabeth , Putri Aprilia Milanda , Ramadani Ummi Fadhilah , Situmorang Oktavyandi , Rizky Muhammad , Franciscus Petra , Kaisah Nur , Febryanti . P Putri Feby , Juniyanti Indah , Lina Nike , Simamora Feronika Br. , Manalu Erawati , Sinaga Triani Angelika
Published: February 2025

Abstract: Kelurahan Sialang Munggu memiliki 40 pelaku usaha yang berpotensi, di antara beberapa sudah aktif di tingkat provinsi. Hal ini menunjuukan potensi yang signifikan untuk pengembangan bisnis di wilayah tersebut. Pelaku usaha UMKM memiliki tingkat pemahaman yang rendah terhadap laporan keuangan sesuai dengan SAK-EMKM, dimana selama proses menjalan usahanya, para pelaku masih mencampur adukkan antara keuangan usaha dengan keuangan rumah tangga, jadi belum ada pemisahan pencatatan, sehingga tingkat keuntungan usaha belum dapat dilihat. Sebagai tindak lanjutnya, solusi yang ditawarkan yaitu Tim PPK Ormawa HMJ Manajemen Universitas Lancang Kuning akan memberikan pelatihan penyusunan laporan keuangan sederhana sesuai SAK EMKM menggunakan Persamaan Dasar Akuntansi, Laporan Laba Rugi,Laporan Perubahan Modal, Laporan Neraca, dan Laporan Arus Kas. Kegiatan pengabdian dilaksanakan menggunakan metode ceramah, pelatihan dan diskusi/tanya jawab. Prosedur kerja kegiatan pengabdian dilakukan melalui tahapan antara lain tahap identifikasi, tahap persiapan, tahap pelaksanaan, tahap monitoring dan evaluasi, tahap pelaporan dan publikasi. Program kegiatan diselenggarakan pada hari Sabtu tanggal 14 September 2024. Pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian di Ruang LPM Kelurahan Sialang Munggu. Kegiatan tersebut dilaksanakan selama 1 hari dari pukul 13.00 sampai dengan pukul 15.30 WIB. Peserta pengabdian sangat antusias dengan mengikuti kegiatan pelatihan. Peserta pengabdian merasa sangat terbantu dengan adanya kegiatan pelatihan tersebut.
Comparative assessment of acute toxicity, wound healing and local irritant effects of dental products in in vivo experiments
Authors: Sakanyan M.G. , Kosyreva T.F. , Samoilova M.V.
Published: February 2025

Studies have been carried out to determine the pharmacological activity of new topical dental products containing betulin in in vivo experiments. The parameters of acute toxicity of dental products were determined using the Kerber method, the wound healing effect was studied on a thermal burn model. As a result of the experiments conducted, it was found that when studying the acute toxicity of dental products for topical use, it was not possible to establish LD50 indicators, since the doses of the studied drugs into the stomach of mice did not cause the death of animals. In accordance with the classification of toxicity of chemicals according to GOST 12.1.007-76, dental products for topical use are low-toxic substances. Dental products on the thermal burn model have a significantly pronounced wound healing effect. When the studied drugs were administered, no local irritant effect or manifestations of allergic reactions were observed.
Gênero e Lazer
Authors: Fernandes Adriano Carlos Nunes , Stoppa Edmur Antonio , Uvinha Ricardo Ricci
Published: February 2025

Os estereótipos de gênero e sexualidade podem influenciar as percepções e expectativas das pessoas em relação aos corpos e comportamentos de gêneros dissidentes, inclusive nos usos e representações destes nos espaços de lazer. Partindo do entendimento do lazer como um direito de todes, questiona-se de que forma esses corpos estereotipados são representados e discutidos nos estudos de lazer. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste artigo é investigar o panorama das pesquisas de lazer que abordem/discutam a dissidência de gêneros, sobretudo não-binares, quanto a representação de seus corpos e usos dos espaços de lazer. Trata-se de um estudo de natureza qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória, com perspectiva multimetodológica, aliando a análise bibliográfica a partir da produção dos principais periódicos internacionais do lazer (classificação A) e a revisão narrativa dos resultados, com análise inspirada pelo paradigma da complexidade. Desvela-se que a inexpressiva produção sobre as temáticas demonstra uma escassez das discussões de corpos para além da perspectiva do binarismo. Concomitantemente indica a relevância e possibilidades para a produção científica de um campo complexo e com expressivo ineditismo sobretudo pelas lentes dos estudos queers.
A Study on Korean reflexives for Korean Language education
Authors: Kwak Jisook , Yi Seon-ung
Published: February 2025

This study started from the problem that Korean learners frequently make errors in using Korean reflexives and have difficulty using them. Based on the premise that the usage patterns of Korean reflexives and their antecedents in the native speaker’s corpus should be well reflected in Korean language textbooks in order to facilitate education on the syntactic and semantic characteristics of reflexives, this study examined the syntactic combination patterns of reflexives/antecedents in the Korean corpus and compared them with the patterns of reflexives/antecedents presented in Korean language textbooks to suggest directions for improving Korean language textbooks and to provide meaningful data for teaching Korean reflexives.
Innovations in HPV Vaccination Strategies: Bridging the Gap in Cervical Cancer Prevention
Authors: S Manasa, H. , Mahadevaswamy R. K. , N Renukadevi, D.
Published: February 2025

Cervical cancer remains a global health challenge, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Despite advancements in prevention and treatment, limited HPV vaccine coverage hampers cervical cancer elimination efforts. The HPV vaccine, recommended since 2006, has shown high efficacy, preventing up to 90% of HPV-related cancers. Recent innovations, such as single-dose vaccines, aim to enhance accessibility and affordability. This review highlights advancements in HPV vaccination strategies, focusing on equitable access, vaccine efficacy, and the path toward achieving the World Health Organization’s goal of cervical cancer elimination.
XIX Simposio CEA de Control Inteligente. Libro de Actas
Authors: Sierra García Jesús Enrique , Peñacoba Yagüe Mario , Cabrera Santana Pedro Jesús
Published: February 2025

Al igual que en las ediciones anteriores, el XIX Simposio CEA de Control Inteligente ha tratado de mantener los objetivos propuestos por el Grupo Temático de CEA y desarrollar unas jornadas de convivencia en las que se han desarrollado actividades científicas de investigación, de formación de doctores, de relaciones con la industria y, por supuesto, actividades culturales y de relaciones sociales de todos los miembros que formamos esta comunidad científica. Este año, el lugar elegido para la celebración del Simposio ha sido la ciudad de Burgos y le ha correspondido la organización al área de Ingeniería de Sistemas y Automática. Durante los últimos años el control inteligente está demostrando ser una herramienta esencial para contribuir a solucionar los grandes retos que se nos van a plantear en el futuro. En estas actas se presentan soluciones de control inteligente aplicadas en energía, robótica, producción y docencia.
A Hybrid Deep Learning Model Combining AgresNet, YOLO, and CNN for Lung Tumor Segmentation and Classification
Authors: P. Princy Magdaline , T.R. Ganesh Babu , R. Praveena , R. Khowshalya
Published: February 2025

Lung cancer is a malicious tumor that originates in the respiratory tissues when the cells lining the airways of the lungs proliferate and expand uncontrollably. While computed tomography (CT) scans are capable of illuminating problematic areas, they are not proficient at independently diagnosing lung tumors. The task of accurately determining the nodule distribution within the lung CT scans through automatic identification is challenging. As a consequence, the delineation of lung CT images facilitates the identification and classification of lung tumors. This study involved the acquisition of 1097 lung CT image datasets from the Iraq-Oncology Teaching Hospital/National Centre for Cancer Diseases (IQ-OTH/NCCD). In the initial stage of the work, lung CT images are segmented to find malignancies utilizing the U-Net and Attention Gate Residual U-Net (AGRes U-Net) algorithms. The Intersection over Union (IoU) and binary focal loss metrics are applied to evaluate the segmented lung images. AGRes U-Net achieves 97% greater accuracy than the standard U-Net architecture, as determined by performance evaluation. Subsequently, a YOLOv5 network is implemented to annotate the segmented lung CT images with lesions. Thus, the segmented lung CT outputs are labelled for tumors by the YOLOv5 network are fed into the VGG-19 architecture. With an accuracy of 94.8%, this VGG-19 framework distinguishes the lung tumors as normal, benign, and malignant. To compare the performance of the segmented lung output to that of the classified output by means of a convolutional neural network (CNN), the labelled lung CT images are fed as input to a CNN model in the second phase of the work. In conjunction with the Adaptive Moment Estimation (Adam) optimizer, the CNN model is implemented. The Adam optimizer demonstrates a 98% accuracy rate for the classified tumor outputs. The study illustrates that the accuracy of AGResU-Net segmentation for lung cancer detection and classification, at 97%, is nearly equivalent to that of the CNN model, which achieves 98% accuracy.
Confrontation, the Legacy of Crawford, and Important Unanswered Questions
Authors: Rothstein Paul , Coleman Ronald
Published: February 2025

The right to confront has a long history. In the United States, the Confrontation Clause provides: “In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right . . . to be confronted with the witnesses against him[.]” One of the most troublesome areas of Confrontation Clause jurisprudence has been the Clause’s application to “hearsay statements offered against a criminal defendant pursuant to a hearsay exception or exemption[.]” The Supreme Court’s confrontation analysis in this situation once hinged on the statement’s reliability, with the traditional hearsay rule and its exceptions and exemptions as a guide. But in Crawford v. Washington, the Court considered the right’s historical background and concluded that the analysis should instead be focused on testimoniality: unless the declarant currently testifies, “[w]here testimonial evidence is at issue, . . . the Sixth Amendment demands what the common law required: unavailability and a prior opportunity for cross-examination.” Crawford intentionally eschewed defining “testimonial,” perhaps because it would have been challenging to anticipate the consequences of its testimonial approach in various circumstances without specific context. Subsequent cases have sought to interpret Crawford and further define “testimonial,” but many unanswered questions remain. The purpose of this article is to highlight certain important such questions.
Crawford at 20: An Introduction to the Symposium
Authors: Friedman Richard
Published: February 2025

The twentieth anniversary of Crawford v. Washington provides an ideal opportunity to reflect on the right of a criminal defendant to be confronted with the witnesses against him – on its origins and recent developments, current issues that it presents, paths that it may take, and other changes that it may generate. I am grateful to the Journal of Law Reform for organizing this symposium and to all the participants for having made it a success. In Section 1 of this introductory essay, I offer some comments on the origins, scope, and purpose of the confrontation right. Section 2 discusses the impact of Crawford and Section 3 indicates significant wrong turns that I believe the Supreme Court has made since issuing that transformative decision. Section 4 comments in particular on the oft-litigated topic of forensic lab reports. Section 5 shows how, even beyond the range of the Confrontation Clause of the Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution, confrontation concerns may raise due-process issues. Finally, Section 6 discusses how Crawford might lead to a dramatic loosening and reshaping of American hearsay law.
Crawford and the Common Law Criminal Trial
Authors: Kry Robert
Published: February 2025

Three weeks after the Supreme Court decided Crawford v. Washington, Justice Scalia delivered the keynote address at the annual meeting of the American Society of International Law. Justice Scalia expounded on his views of when United States courts should and should not rely on foreign law. He urged that courts interpreting a treaty should look to how foreign courts construe the same instrument, on the reasonable assumption that treaty partners would want to strive for a consistent interpretation. By contrast, he took a dim view of relying on modern foreign law to interpret the U.S. Constitution, as the Court has done a number of times when deciding whether a punishment was cruel or unusual under the Eighth Amendment. Justice Scalia did not believe we have nothing to learn from foreign legal systems. He noted that he himself had taught comparative law before taking the bench. But as he pointed out, the Framers wrote much of the Constitution the way they did precisely because they believed the American way of doing things was better. As the Justice put it: “If there was any thought absolutely foreign to the founders of our country, surely it was the notion that we Americans should be governed the way Europeans are. And nothing has changed. I dare say that few of us here would want our life or liberty subject to the disposition of French or Italian criminal justice—not because those systems are unjust, but because we think ours is better.” That philosophy frames my remarks today. To understand the Confrontation Clause, I contend, we should discern not just what the Framers were striving for, but also what they were reacting against. The Framers sought to preserve a distinctly English institution: the common law criminal trial. And they sought to protect that institution against the civil law traditions of Continental Europe. In Justice Scalia’s terms, the Framers may not have believed those continental systems were unjust, but they certainly thought ours was better.
Crawford and Criminal Justice
Authors: Ortman William
Published: February 2025

This essay reflects on whether Crawford v. Washington, now in its third decade of life, matters to criminal justice. For all the talk of Crawford as “revolutionary,” that is, has it made any real difference to the world of crime and punishment? I’ve confronted the question before. In a 2021 essay, I argued that Crawford probably has modest real-world effects.3 Crawford articulated a right that criminal defendants can exercise only at trial. In an adjudicatory system bereft of trials, trial rights don’t count for much. They impact plea outcomes only when they confer bargaining power sufficient to offset prosecutors’ prodigious leverage. The post-Crawford confrontation right might do that occasionally, I contended, but it’s unlikely that it does so generally. In this essay, I revise and extend those remarks. I extend them by elaborating on my view of Crawford’s practical consequences. I revise them by recognizing that Supreme Court decisions can matter in other ways. Crawford matters to criminal justice because the Court radically departed from the jurisprudential framework that’s dominated its criminal adjudication work for generations, which centers the imperative of swiftly processing cases through America’s courts. To be sure, system maintenance isn’t the official logic of constitutional criminal procedure. For the public and parts of the legal profession, the Court touts an adjudicative process that’s careful and deliberate. But for criminal justice professionals, it endorses doctrinal workarounds of constitutional rights that it worries are too inconvenient. Even if the workarounds aren’t exactly the procedures touted in law-day celebrations, they are, in the Court’s eyes, close enough. But not in Crawford. In Crawford, the Court embraced inconvenient proceduralism in criminal adjudication. Crawford’s legacy in the criminal procedure realm (as distinct from its contributions to constitutional theory or evidence) lies in its proof of concept for a jurisprudence that treats the rights of the accused as meaningful constraints rather than as nuisances to elude. Crawford may not affect the resolution of many criminal cases, but it provides conceptual grounding for changes that would. This essay proceeds in three parts. Part I further explains why Crawford probably does not directly or indirectly impact outcomes in all that many criminal cases. Part II contrasts Crawford with the Court’s usual approach to criminal adjudication cases, which I label the “jurisprudence of close enough.” Finally, Part III considers the value and appeal of Crawford’s stand for inconvenience in criminal adjudication.
Laser and plasma surfacing of powder produced by electro-erosive dispersing method
Authors: Zadorozhny R.N. , Kudryashova E.Yu. , Romanov I.V.
Published: February 2025

The application of laser and plasma surfacing for restoration and strengthening of equipment parts for processing and food production of the agro-industrial complex is considered. The work was carried out on the basis of the Nano-Center Shared Use Center of the Federal State Budgetary Institution FNATS VIM, Tekhprogress LLC, Technological Systems of Protective Coatings LLC. Steel powder grade 08X13 was used, obtained by EED. The samples were made of steel grade 10Х18Н9Л. The following equipment was also used in the work: laser welding machine Sharmark Welder; plasma spraying installation type TSZP-P-3A; metallographic microscope OLYMPUS GX51; microhardness tester series ZHVµ from Indentec Hardness Machines Ltd. Recycled powder material was applied to steel samples using laser and plasma cladding. Next, the structure of the resulting coatings, as well as microhardness, was examined under a microscope. As a result of research, it was found that plasma surfacing is the more preferable method for restoring parts made of alloy steels.
RETHINKING GENDER IN HISTORY: PHILOSOPHICAL AND SOCIAL DIMENSIONS
Authors: Komilov Abror Kuvondikovich
Published: February 2025

This article examines the role of gender history in shaping social and cultural transformations, focusing on the contributions of feminist theorists and historians in revising historical narratives. It explores the works of Joan Kelly and other scholars who analyzed gender roles, social structures, and women's participation in historical processes. The study delves into the ideological and methodological approaches of gender history, highlighting its impact on social justice, moral philosophy, and historiography. By analyzing the intersections of gender, power, and historical identity, the paper emphasizes the necessity of integrating gender perspectives into mainstream historical research. Additionally, the evolution of masculinity and femininity in different historical contexts is examined, revealing the broader implications of gender studies for understanding societal development.
KEY WORDS: gender history, feminist theory, social transformation, historiography, gender roles, women’s rights, masculinity, femininity, patriarchy, enlightenment, social justice, philosophy of gender, historical identity, microhistory, biographical analysis.
Projekt powierzchni kina
Authors: Lippit Akira Mizuta
Published: February 2025

Autor analizuje kwestię powierzchni: powierzchni kina i ekranu, przestrzeni, która wydaje się płaska, a jednocześnie ukrywa i odsłania dziwną głębię. Przyglądając się pierwszym filmom braci Lumière i innym wczesnym produkcjom, a także wykorzystując sformułowaną przez Toma Gunninga metaforę „absorpcji” i „połykania”, autor próbuje opisać szczególny moment kolizji pomiędzy widzem a energią filmu. Gest, w którym to zderzenie się dokonuje, przypomina połykanie. Lippit postrzega kino jako rzeczywistość dwustronną, gdzie powierzchnia stanowi granicę pomiędzy tym, co wewnętrzne, a tym, co zewnętrzne. W ten sposób otrzymujemy fascynującą psychologię (a może raczej psychoanalizę) kina i jego ruchu. Wczesne kino jest tu bardzo ważnym, a zapomnianym śladem.

Tekst jest tłumaczeniem rozdziału Cinema Surface Design z książki Akiry Mizuty Lippita Atomic Light (Shadow Optics), University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis 2005. © 2005 by The University of Minnesota Press.

Ze względu na ograniczenia praw autorskich artykuł jest dostępny tylko w wydaniu papierowym.
Samotność na ekranie. Filmowe życie obrazów Edwarda Hoppera
Authors: Pokora Maria
Published: February 2025

Twórczość Edwarda Hoppera doskonale oddaje specyfikę obustronnych relacji malarstwa i filmu. Z jednej strony malarz zapożyczał i przekładał na swoje płótna filmowe środki wyrazu, zbliżając tym samym swoje prace do zatrzymanych kadrów. Z drugiej zaś sztuka Hoppera wpłynęła na styl filmowania wielu reżyserów (do jego twórczości otwarcie odwołują się m. in.: Alfred Hitchcock, Jim Jarmusch, Wim Wenders, Francis Ford Coppola oraz Todd Haynes). Specyficzny świat płócien Hoppera dostrzec można w filmach przedstawiających dawną Amerykę z jej lokalną architekturą, obyczajowością i mieszkańcami lub - zawężając kategorię gatunkową - w scenerii oraz przesłaniu kina drogi. W artykule omówione zostały trzy filmy: Droga do Zatracenia Sama Mendesa, Ostatni seans filmowy Petera Bogdanovicha i Co się wydarzyło w Madison County Clinta Eastwooda. Każdy z nich wchodzi w dialogową relację z płótnami malarza, choć nie wszystkie są świadomymi odwołaniami do jego sztuki. W analizowanych filmach doszukać się możno typowo Hopperowskich motywów (wyludnione krajobrazy, klaustrofobiczne puste miasta z wymarłymi ulicami, sklepami, nocnymi barami i sklepami) oraz bohaterów (osamotnione postaci z twarzami pozbawionymi wyrazu, zastygłe w bezruchu). Obok podobieństw ikonograficznych, istotna jest także zbieżność tematyki, spleenu i wyobcowania postaci, pustki i jałowości życia w metropoliach lub miasteczkach.
The Level of Special and General Education Teachers’ Knowledge and Practice of Mnemonic Strategies and Its Impact on Educating Kuwaiti Students with Special Needs
Authors:   Kuwait University,  Kuwait, Al-Shammari Zaid
Published: February 2025

This study seeks to assess the level of special and general education teachers’ knowledge and practice of mnemonic strategies, and its impact on educating students with special needs in public education schools in Kuwait; and whether it differs according to the demographic variables. A sample of 161 female teachers from the public elementary education schools selected. A questionnaire of 18 items distributed into three categories (Special and general education teachers’ knowledge of mnemonic strategies, practice of mnemonic strategies, and its impact in improving the education of students with special education needs) was developed. Results showed the level of special and general education teachers’ knowledge and practice of the mnemonic strategies on educating students with special needs was high, and there were statistically significant differences to the practice and its impact of mnemonic strategies in favor of general education teachers with academic qualification specialized in curricula and teaching methods. Some recommendations were provided to directing the Kuwait ministry of education to prepare professional development programs for teachers with a special education qualification to gain and enhance the knowledge and skills necessary of mnemonic strategies to successfully practice during the education process of students with special needs in general education schools in Kuwait.

Keywords: Mnemonic, special education, general education, students with special needs, Kuwait.
Obstacles of Applying Response to Intervention Model Principles According to International Reading Association in Elementary Level.
Authors:   King Saud University,  Saudi Arabia, Alqafari Shehana
Published: February 2025

The current study aimed to identify the obstacles of applying the Response to Intervention Model principles according to the International Reading Association from the point of view of primary school literacy teachers in Al Taif City. In addition, the study examined the difference among the sample answers based on the school level and gender variables. The researcher used a descriptive survey approach and designed a questionnaire for this purpose, the questionnaire covered four main topics: teaching and experience, responsive teaching and differentiation, evaluation, and teamwork and school administration. The sample included (258) literacy teachers from the elementary school level participated. The results found that the overall level of obstacles was moderate. But the “teamwork and school administration” principle came first as an obstacle of applying the Response to Intervention Model, while the “responsive teaching and differentiation” principle was the last obstacle of applying the Response to Intervention Model. There are also significant differences for the school level variable in favor of the higher grades. The study provided a number of recommendations to correctly activate the Response to Intervention Model and apply its main principles in Saudi Schools.

Keywords: Response to Intervantion, Reading, Elemantary, Obstacles, International Reading Association.
مفهوم مجهول الحال عند الحافظ أبي الحسن ابن القطان 628(هـ)
Authors: Al-Ansari Dr. Abdul Bari bin Hammad
Published: February 2025

Praise be to Allah alone, and peace and blessings be upon the one after whom there is no prophet, our Prophet Muhammad, and upon his family and his companions.
This research focuses on a term commonly used among researchers in the Sciences of Hadith and the Science of Criticism and Praise, specifically the term “majhul al-haal” (unknown status). It is limited to the usage of the term by the Al-Hafiz Abu al-Hasan ibn al-Qattan (may Allah have mercy on him), who was one of the prominent scholars of hadith of his time, whose speech concerning applying the term “unknown” and its terminologies was numerous, and who applied the description of “unknown” and other similar terminologies to a significant number of narrators.
The research examines the narrators described by this term, clarifies what Abu al-Hasan ibn al- Qattan meant by the term “unknown status” when applying it to them, and clarifies the difference between his intent and that of other scholars of hadith. It includes a detailed study of examples of these narrators and the most likely state of their status.
The research consists of an introduction, a preface, two main sections, a conclusion, as well as a bibliography.
The introduction covers: the importance of the research, the reasons for choosing it as a topic, the problem it addresses, its scope, previous studies concerning the topic, and the methodology followed.
The preface contains two sub-sections: the first of which provides a brief biography of Abu al- Hasan ibn al-Qattan and an introduction to his book Bayaan al-Waham wal-Eehaam. The second sub-section discusses the term “unknown” as used both linguistically and technically.
The first section discusses: issues pertaining to being classed as “unknown” according to Ibn al- Qattan.
The second section covers: the concept of “unknown status” according to Abu al-Hasan ibn al- Qattan.
The research concludes that Abu al-Hasan ibn al-Qattan (may Allah have mercy on him) views that the term “unknown status” refers to a narrator from whom only one person has narrated, and it is not known whether others have narrated from him. However, the description may be extended to include narrators from whom multiple people have narrated, as the key criterion for describing someone as “unknown” is the lack of praise or criticism, rather than the number of narrators being of great significance according to him.
And Allah knows best. May Allah send peace and blessings upon our Prophet Muhammad, and upon his family and companions.
Keywords: Unknown narrators, Ibn al-Qattan, unknown, unknown status.
أثر التخريج في اكتساب الملكة الحديثية
Authors: LATRACH Dr. MOHAMMED IBEN ABDELLAH
Published: February 2025

This research studies the impact of hadith criticism (takhrij) in developing the hadith mastery of students of the Sunnah and its sciences, enabling them to follow the correct paths for acquiring the ability to authenticate hadiths and evaluate them, accepting or rejecting them. The ultimate goal of mastering the principles of hadith science is to be able to apply these principles, skillfully correcting or weakening individual hadiths. Anyone who has studied and practiced this science,
and who has engaged with its works, realizes that the practice of takhrij and the constant engagement with its collections are among the most important ways to develop hadith mastery.
Keywords: Takhrij – Hadith Mastery – Critical Methodology – Internal Approaches – Hadith Terminology
Holografía y Matemática
Authors: Gonzalez Gonzalez Rodrigo , González Valenzuela Amy Gabriela
Published: February 2025

El objetivo general de este escrito es analizar matemáticamente el proceso físico de reproducción de un holograma de transmisión, con el fin de contrastar resultados directamente observables respecto a aproximaciones obtenidas de forma teórica. Por una parte, al observar un holograma se localiza sobre este una región en la que se reproduce fielmente un objeto tridimensional impreso con una técnica fotográfica especial llamada holografía. Por otra parte, al aplicar un modelo matemático simple para describir este hecho, por medio de la conocida ecuación de onda clásica —con solución dada en forma de Kirchhoff, la cual se analiza con un método asintótico de análisis complejo— se obtiene un resultado aproximado que permite realizar una conclusión congruente sobre este proceso particular.
Modeling the renewable energy development in Türkiye with optimization
Authors: Tekbıyık-Ersoy Neyre
Published: February 2025

Due to increasing electricity consumption in Türkiye, energy supply had to increase significantly in the last few decades. As Türkiye has been highly dependent on energy imports, this had an effect on country’s economy. However, especially in the last two decades, Türkiye increased the utilization of renewables. This can significantly improve the energy security and the economy of the country. This paper investigates the development of renewable energy in Türkiye and aims to determine the main drivers behind the significant development recorded in the last decades. In order to do that, past data have been analyzed and a constrained optimization problem has been constructed. This optimization problem aims to minimize the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) between the real and estimated renewable electricity capacity levels in Türkiye. In order to analyze the effect of increasing the number of modeling parameters, this paper considers three cases with different number of modeling parameters. The results in each case reveal the optimum weights and the modeling parameters that should be preferred for modeling the installed renewable energy capacity in Türkiye. The results of the proposed approach, called Mean Absolute Error based OPTimization (MAEOPT), are also compared with that of multiple linear regression (MLR). The obtained MAE values for the best six models reported in this paper (three for MAEOPT and three for MLR) are less than 5%, which indicates an excellent performance. The results also indicate the superiority of MAEOPT over MLR, in terms of MAE and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE).
Assessment tools and factors associated with relapse among patients with alcohol use disorders: A narrative review
Authors: Lu Hongqiang , Shen Xinhua , Hu Beibei , Zhou Liping
Published: February 2025

Alcohol is a highly addictive substance, and long-term alcohol consumption can lead to mental disorders. Many patients with alcohol use disorders (AUDs) often relapse shortly after receiving treatment following a brief period of abstinence. Identifying the factors influencing relapse is crucial for follow-up treatment and nursing. At present, academic research on AUD and relapse primarily focuses on summarizing clinical symptoms and drug and non-drug treatment methods, with limited analysis of the factors that contribute to relapse. This paper reviews the current understanding of AUD and relapse, along with the assessment tools used, and examines the factors influencing relapse. The aims are to identify key relapse factors in patients with AUD after abstinence and to provide guidance for relevant research, as well as for developing individualized treatment and care plans.
A Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Models for Obesity Prediction
Authors: Airlangga Gregorius
Published: February 2025

Obesity is a global health challenge with significant implications for public health systems and individual well-being. Predictive modeling using machine learning (ML) offers a powerful approach to identify individuals at risk of obesity and inform early intervention strategies. This study evaluates the performance of ten ML models, including Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machines, Decision Trees, K-Nearest Neighbors, Naive Bayes, Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, AdaBoost, XGBoost, and LightGBM, in predicting obesity using a publicly available dataset. A rigorous preprocessing pipeline, incorporating missing value handling, categorical encoding, normalization, and outlier detection, was applied to ensure data quality and compatibility with ML algorithms. Performance metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score were evaluated using 10-fold stratified cross-validation. Among the models, LightGBM demonstrated the highest test accuracy (99.19%) and F1-score (99.20%), outperforming Gradient Boosting and Random Forest, which also showed competitive results. The study highlights the superior predictive capabilities of ensemble methods while underscoring the trade-offs between model complexity and interpretability. Logistic Regression provided a strong baseline, demonstrating the importance of preprocessing, but was outperformed by advanced ensemble techniques. This research contributes to the growing field of ML-driven healthcare solutions, offering valuable insights into the strengths and limitations of various predictive models. The findings support the integration of advanced ML techniques in public health systems and pave the way for future research on hybrid and explainable models for obesity prediction and management.
Pengaruh Kompetensi Manajerial Dan Konflik Organisasi Terhadap Kinerja Guru
Authors: Hidayatullah Syarif , Prasetyo Muhammad Anggung Manumanoso
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh kompetensi manajerial dan konflik organisasi terhadap kinerja guru. Penelitian berjenis kuantitatif dengan teknik analisis jalur. Penelitian berjenis kuantitatif dengan teknik analisis jalur. Penelitian dilakukan pada Madrasah Aliyah Swasta di Kota Lhokseumawe. Dalam hal ini  sampel diambil dari MAS dengan akreditasi A. Argumentasi penentuan sampel berdasarkan MAS terakreditasi A mewakili madrasah swasta lain di kota Lhokseumawe. Hasil penelitian menemukan adanya pengaruh positif dan signifikan kompetensi manajerial dan konflik organisasi terhadap kinerja guru MAS di Kota Lhokseumawe. Pengaruh kompetensi manajerial terhadap kinerja dengan p value 0,000 < 0.005. Terkait dengan keterlibatan konflik organisasi dalam peningkatan kinerja guru di antara subskala kompetensi manajerial kepala madrasah. Namun, menurut analisis data, hambatan kritis terhadap praktik konflik organisasi dapat memoderasi hubungan antara kompetensi manajerial dan kinerja guru madrasah. Penelitian ini memiliki arti penting bagi pertumbuhan model pengelolaan konflik organisasi sebagai stimulus peningkatan kinerja guru madrasah. Identifikasi terhadap variabel lain yang mempengaruhi kinerja guru selain variabel kompetensi manajerial dan konflik organisasi diantaranya standar kompetensi kepemimpinan, budaya madrasah, kebijakan pemerintah. Penelitian berimplikasi secara akademik sebagai referensi teori konflik organisasi. Sedangkan penelitian berimplikasi secara social bahwa konflik organisasi terjadi pada setiap madrasah yang harus disikapi secara positif agar bersifat konstruktif terhadap kemajuan madrasah.
Pomegranate Extracts as a Natural Denture Cleanser: A Promising Alternative to Sodium Bicarbonate for Inhibiting Candida albicans
Authors: Wijaya Cindy Denhara , Sumitro  , Annisa Rizqi Ramadhani Sitio  , Fitriah Khairani Harahap
Published: February 2025

Background: Denture stomatitis, caused primarily by Candida albicans overgrowth, is a common oral health issue among denture wearers. Maintaining denture hygiene is crucial for prevention. This study investigated the efficacy of red pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel and fruit extracts as natural denture cleansers compared to sodium bicarbonate, a standard denture cleansing agent.
Methods: Heat-cured acrylic resin plates were fabricated and contaminated with C. albicans. Samples were divided into four groups and soaked for 8 hours in: 75% pomegranate peel extract, 75% pomegranate fruit extract, 5% sodium bicarbonate solution (positive control), and aquadest (negative control). C. albicans colony counts were performed using the spread plate technique and colony counter. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests.
Results: Both pomegranate peel and fruit extracts significantly reduced C. albicans growth compared to the negative control (p<0.05). The peel extract showed comparable efficacy to sodium bicarbonate (p>0.05), while the fruit extract demonstrated slightly lower but still substantial antifungal activity.
Conclusion: Red pomegranate peel and fruit extracts hold promise as natural denture cleansers for inhibiting C. albicans and potentially preventing denture stomatitis. Further research is warranted to evaluate their long-term effects on denture materials and clinical efficacy.
METHOD OF IDENTIFYING AND ANALYSING THE DEVELOPMENT OF VERBAL COMPETENCES IN PRIMARY-COURSE STUDENTS OF THE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY
Authors:   Samara State Technical University, Chekanushkina E.N. , Marchenkova L.A.
Published: February 2025

Subject of the article: Formation of verbal competences of students of the technical university. Object of the article:
Analysis of the development of verbal competence of first-year students of the technical university. Objective of the work:
determination of the level of development of students' verbal competences in the process of their professional training
at the university. Results of the work: the analysis of the research shows that the majority of students of the technical
university have an insufficient level of development of verbal competences, which complicates their communication both
in the educational and professional environment. The main problems are poor proficiency in professional vocabulary,
poor structuring of oral statements, as well as the inability to effectively express their thoughts and ideas [6]. Scope: the
results of the work can be used in the field of higher education for the development and implementation of new training
programs aimed at training future specialists, as well as in assessing the quality of education and the effectiveness of
educational programs, allowing to optimize the learning processes and increase the competitiveness of graduates. Conclusion: as a result of the study, the material was obtained, the analysis of which allowed us to conclude that for initialyear students of technical specialties, an average level of verbal competence is characteristic, which in turn requires the
development of an adequate model for the formation of speech skills of future engineers during their studies at the university.
Open abdomen: do we really know what we do? Update according to the latest international guidelines.
Authors: Santidrián Zurbano M , Ibañez Rubio M , Ercoreca Tejada S , Mohamed Chairi NH , Villar del Moral JM
Published: February 2025

El abdomen abierto es una estrategia quirúrgica cada vez más empleada, sobre todo en cirugía de control de daños. Sin embargo, sus indicaciones y manejo no están estandarizados, existiendo multitud de variables en su aplicación. El objetivo del presente artículo es recopilar las recomendaciones dadas tanto por la World Society for Emergency Surgery(WSES) como por el resto de literatura actual sobre las indicaciones, el manejo, el cierre temporal y definitivo, las complicaciones y el seguimiento del abdomen abierto. La utilización de la técnica del abdomen abierto debe ser multidisciplinar y estar orientada a su cierre precoz. En ello influirá la indicación para el abdomen abierto y la técnica de cierre abdominal temporal utilizada. Siempre que se pueda está indicado el cierre primario simple. La terapia de presión negativa con tracción fascial continua debería ser la técnica elegida para el cierre temporal.
Complications associated with advanced vesicular neoplasm: giant cholecystocolonic fistula with secondary pneumoperitoneum.
Authors: Díaz Ríos P , Ercoreca Tejada S , Mohamed Chairi MH , Santidrian Zurbano M , Villar Del Moral JM
Published: February 2025

La neoplasia de vesícula biliar es una patología maligna rara, aunque representa casi el 50% de todos los cánceres de vías biliares. El estadio avanzado en el momento del diagnóstico hace que el cáncer de vesícula biliar presente un mal pronóstico. La causa más frecuente de fístula colecistocolónica (FCC) es la colelitiasis crónica, siendo excepcionales los casos a consecuencia de una enfermedad maligna.

Se presenta el caso de una paciente con diagnóstico reciente de neoplasia vesicular avanzada que desarrolla una FCC como complicación.
Laparoscopic resolution of gallstone ileus
Authors: Chinelli J , Fierro M , Rodríguez G
Published: February 2025

Introducción: El íleo biliar es una causa infrecuente de obstrucción intestinal, predominando en pacientes añosos.

Caso: Paciente de sexo femenino de 81 años, portadora de una oclusión intestinal, siendo el diagnóstico imagenológico de íleo biliar. Se realizó la enterolitotomía laparoscópica sin incidentes, con buena evolución postoperatoria.

Discusión: El ileo biliar supone un reto diagnóstico y terapéutico. Existen diversas opciones tácticas, dentro de las cuales la enterolitotomía sola resulta adecuada en la mayoría de los casos, no siendo necesario actuar en forma diferida sobre la fístula colecisto-duodenal. La resolución laparoscópica se reporta en un 10% de los casos.

Conclusión: El abordaje laparoscópico es desafiante, aunque seguro y factible si es llevado a cabo por equipos entrenados.
Post-Pandemic Inflation Dynamics: a Comparative Study of the Fiscal Theory in the Czech Republic and France
Authors: Makovský Petr , Descubes Irena , Hřebík František
Published: February 2025

Background: In the post-2021 era, Central Europe grapples with enduringly high inflation rates, challenging the effectiveness of conventional monetary policy tools. Objective: This study aimed to shed light on these complex dynamics, offering insights into the effectiveness of fiscal strategies in an environment where conventional monetary policies appear increasingly inadequate.
Methods: The Fiscal Theory of Inflation offers a straightforward model to examine the financial exchanges between governments and the public within a two-day economic setting. The framework explains the recurring patterns in government borrowing, taxation, and public expenditure, highlighting their impact on inflation and presents the focal point of this study.
Results: Utilizing empirical survey data primarily from the Czech Republic and France, sourced from the Czech Statistical Office, the Czech National Bank, Banque de France, and INSEE, this study engages with the Fiscal Theory of Prices to elucidate these phenomena. Central to this analysis is the Fiscal Theory of Inflation, which argues that unanticipated inflation results in the devaluation of nominal treasury bonds, prompting a corresponding adjustment either in expected primary surpluses or the discount factor. This adjustment is crucial to ensure alignment between the total government debt's actual value and these surpluses' present value.
Recommendation: The study aims to provide insights into these intricate dynamics, offering implications for the efficacy of fiscal strategies in an environment where conventional monetary policies increasingly prove inadequate.
Practical relevance: This paper explores the implications of these persistent inflationary trends, focusing on the imperative of government debt recovery, as recognized by the newly elected government in the autumn of 2021. This research is helpful for any economist who opposes inflation measurement, targeting, or, most importantly, the belief that money grows on trees, allowing the government to fund public expenditures that many view as crucial.
Originality/value: The paper is original, based on the ideas of J.H. Cohrane. The paper is an empirical test of the so-called fiscal theory on the example of France and the Czech Republic.
SUPRASEGMENTAL FEATURES OF PRONUNCIATION
Authors: Sarmiento Morelyn , Senarillos Christian , Seguerra Rowena , Kamille Sister Laiza , Lou Labor Cherry , Lagat Grace Marie , Shane Royo Sweet Nova , N. Saldivar John Mark
Published: February 2025

This quantitative study utilized a descriptive research design that examined the suprasegmental skills, specifically pitch and stress, of the 41 Grade 12 students at a public school in Misamis Occidental. A researcher-made survey questionnaire was utilized, and the researchers adopted two reading materials from two different studies to measure the proficiency level in terms of pitch and stress of the respondents. The statistical tools used to treat the data were frequency and percentage distribution, mean, and independent t-test. The results revealed that the respondents were aged 17 to 20, almost evenly distributed between middle and late adolescence, comprising 51.22% males and 48.78% females, all belonging to the poor cluster, with 82.93% earning less than ₱9,520. Also, they are not competent when it comes to their proficiency level in terms of pitch and less competent in terms of stress. Lastly, there was no significant difference in the proficiency level in terms of pitch and stress when respondents are grouped according to age, gender, and SES (income). The researchers recommended incorporating targeted interventions, such as interactive pronunciation exercises and tailored instructional materials, to enhance suprasegmental proficiency in ESL/EFL classrooms. These interventions can contribute to more effective language learning experiences for Grade 12 HUMSS students, addressing the identified low proficiency levels in pitch and word stress.