bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hardware Optimization for Effective Switching Power Reduction during Data Compression in GOLOMB Rice Coding
Authors: Sakthivel R , Chintamaneni Vijayalakshmi , Tenali Suman , Vanitha M. , Elkamchouchi Dalia H. , Alqahtani Malak S. , Soufiene Ben Othman , Abbas Mohamed
Published: May 2023

Loss-less data compression becomes the need of the hour for effective data compression and computation in VLSI test vector generation and testing in addition to hardware AI/ML computations. Golomb code is one of the effective technique for lossless data compression and it becomes valid only when the divisor can be expressed as power of two. This work aims to increase compression ratio by further encoding the unary part of the Golomb Rice (GR) code so as to decrease the amount of bits used, it mainly focuses on optimizing the hardware for encoding side. The algorithm was developed and coded in Verilog and simulated using Modelsim. This code was then synthesised in Cadence Encounter RTL Synthesiser. The modifications carried out show around 6% to 19% reduction in bits used for a linearly distributed data set. Worst-case delays have been reduced by 3% to 8%. Area reduction varies from 22% to 36% for different methods. Simulation for Power consumption shows nearly 7% reduction in switching power. This ideally suggest the usage of Golomb Rice coding technique for test vector compression and data computation for multiple data types, which should ideally have a geometrical distribution.
Tourette-like syndrome secondary to Kleefstra syndrome 1 with a de novo microdeletion in the EHMT1 gene
Authors: Niu Mengyue , Zhan Shikun , Sun Bomin , Liu Jun , Wu Yiwen
Published: May 2023

Background
Gills de la Tourette syndrome (TS) is a childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorder manifested by motor and vocal tics. Kleefstra syndrome 1 (KS1), a rare genetic disorder, is caused by haploinsufficiency of the EHMT1 gene and characterized by intellectual disability (ID), childhood hypotonia, and distinctive facial features. Tourette-like syndrome in KS1 has rarely been reported.
Case presentation:
Here we describe a 7-year-old girl presenting involuntary motor and vocal tics, intellectual disability, childhood hypotonia, and dysmorphic craniofacial appearances, as well as comorbidities including attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and self-injurious behavior (SIB). The patient’s CNV-seq testing revealed a de novo 320-kb deletion in the 9q34.3 region encompassing the EHMT1 gene.
Conclusions
This is the first case reporting Tourette-like syndrome secondary to Kleefstra syndrome 1 with a de novo microdeletion in the EHMT1 gene. Our case suggests TS with ID and facial anomalies indicate a genetic cause and broadens the phenotypic and genotypic spectrum of both TS and KS1.
Tracking circulating PD-L1 positive cells to monitor the outcome of patients with gastric cancer receiving anti-HER2 plus anti-PD1 therapy
Authors: Chong Xiaoyi , Li Yanyan , Lu Jialin , Feng Xujiao , Li Yilin , Zhang Xiaotian
Published: May 2023

Dual blockade of (Human epidermal receptor)HER2 and (Programme death receptor 1 /Programme death receaptor ligand 1)PD-1/PD-L1 is the most promising regimen for HER2-positive patients with gastric cancer (GC); PD-L1 combined positive score, rather than HER2 status, indicates potential benefit. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating endothelial cells (CECs) derived from the tumor microenvironment provide platforms for the dynamic evaluation of PD-L1 expression. Whether PD-L1 positive CTCs/CECs (PD-L1+CTCs/CECs) can serve as biomarkers for evaluating the efficacy of combination therapy remains unknown. Therefore, this study investigated PD-L1 expression and heterogeneous karyotypic features of CTCs/CECs and their involvement in the clinical response to treatment in 72 patients with advanced GC by applying a pre-established surface molecule-independent subtraction enrichment (SE)-iFISH strategy. In the captured PD-L1 positive cells, there were 42.80% and 57.20% of CTCs and CECs, respectively. PD-L1+ CTCs were pre-therapeutically detected in 0% (0/11) of HER2-negative patients and 14.75% (9/61) of HER2-positive patients. The presence of baseline PD-L1+CTCs was relevant to inferior prognosis (mPFS: 14.40 months vs 5.00 months, P = 0.065); post-treatment PD-L1+ CECs were associated with longer irPFS(immunotherapeutic related PFS) (mPFS:15.57 months vs 6.73months, P = 0.053). Further dynamic karyotype-based profiling of PD-L1+ CTCs/CECs indicated that multiploidy and triploidy were the dominant subtypes of baseline PD-L1+ CTCs, and that triploidy was specifically associated with therapeutic resistance. Intratherapeutically-detected multiploid PD-L1+ CECs demonstrated a superior clinical response; triploidy and tetraploidy contributed to acquired resistance. The karyotypic features of PD-L1+CTCs/CECs should be dynamically profiled in patients with GC treated with anti-HER2 plus anti-PD-1 therapy.
Vegetation significance of broadleaved woody phytoliths in the mid-subtropical zone of China
Authors: Liu Lidan , Liu Hengyu , Liu Hongyan
Published: May 2023

To evaluate the reliability of broadleaved phytoliths for distinguishing different forest types in the mid-subtropical zone of China, we analyzed the phytolith assemblages of 50 broadleaved woody plants and 31 surface soil samples from three forest vegetation types (evergreen broadleaved forest, evergreen/deciduous broadleaved mixed forest, deciduous broadleaved forest). The results showed that the phytolith production and phytolith morphology of different broadleaved woody plants were significantly different. Evergreen broadleaved and deciduous broadleaved woody plants could be clearly distinguished according to their phytolith assemblages, providing a reliable basis for reconstructing forest vegetation. Eight broadleaved woody phytolith morphotypes were identified in the surface soil of the different forest types, accounting for ~ 5% of total phytoliths, and the broadleaved woody phytolith assemblages in the surface soil under different forest types were also different. We propose a phytolith index (B/S, defined as the ratio of broadleaved woody phytoliths to Gramineae short-cell phytoliths) to semi-quantitatively distinguish different forest types. B/S values in the surface soils of the different forest types are as follows. Evergreen broadleaved forest: < 0.03; evergreen/deciduous broadleaved mixed forest: 0.03–0.04; deciduous broadleaved forest > 0.04. Overall, our results support the use of broadleaved woody phytoliths and their indices in the surface soil of the mid-subtropical zone of China to distinguish different forest types, and they provide a useful reference for phytolith-based forest vegetation reconstruction in this region.
ox-LDL induces coronary microvascular dysfunction via endoplasmic reticulum stress in HCMECs: the protection of propionate
Authors: Hong Dan , Tang Wen , Fu Xiao , Xu Qin
Published: May 2023

Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is an important pathogenesis of various cardiovascular diseases. Lower endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation leads to reduced endothelium-derived relaxing factor nitric oxide (NO) generation, causing and accelerating CMD. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) has been shown to reduce NO production in umbilical vein endothelial cells. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) damages endothelial cell function. But the relationship between ox-LDL and coronary microcirculation has not been assessed. Short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) is fermentation products of the gut microbiome, could improve endothelial-dependent vasodilation in human adipose arterioles, the effect of SCFA on coronary microcirculation is unclear. In this study, we found ox-LDL stimulated expression of ER chaperone GRP78, and further activated downstream PERK/eIF2a, IRE1/ JNK and ATF6 signaling pathways, resulting in a decrease in eNOS phosphorylation and NO production in human cardiac microvascular endothelial. Furthermore, SCFA-propionate can inhibit ox-LDL-induced eNOS phosphorylation reduction, raise NO production, the mechanism is related to the inhibition of ER stress and downstream signaling pathways PERK/eIF2a, IRE1/JNK, and ATF6. In summary, we demonstrate that ox-LDL induced CMD by activating ER stress, propionate can effectively counteract the adverse effects of ox-LDL and protect coronary microcirculation function via inhibiting ER stress.
Influence of pH and fabric cationisation on functional properties of natural dyed cotton using extract from used tea bag
Authors: Hossain Tanvir , Das Shohag Chandra , Akhtarujjaman Md. , Uddin Mohammad Abbas , Bedoura Sultana
Published: May 2023

The study focuses on the eco-friendly dyeing of cotton fabric by extracts from used tea bag without any metal mordant and also on investigating the effect of pH and fabric cationization on the properties of that dyed cotton. Coloured liquor was collected from leftover tea bags using water in boiling. Prior to dyeing, the cotton fabric was cationised with 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (CHPTAC) at different percentage, followed by dyeing with tea liquor at different concentrations and different pH. The colour fastness and colorimetric properties (CIELab, CIELch, ΔE and K/S) of dyed cotton fabrics were then investigated. UV-Vis spectroscopy was used to calcualte exhaustion and fixation percentages. FTIR analysis was also carried out. The best results were obtained for pH 13. At pH 13, the highest exhaustion percentage was 88.6% for cationised fabric with cationiser concentration 55 g/L whereas it was 0.75% for non-cationised fabric and 3.6% for mordanted (KAI(SO₄)₂.12H₂O) fabric. Also, the colour fastness to washing, rubbing and perspiration of cationised fabric were excellent (4–5) than those of non-cationised fabric; nevertheless, the former has lower light fastness. Their higher washing and rubbing fastness were attempted to explain within the framework of density functional theory (DFT) by their considerably strong interaction between theaflavins, one of the main colouring components of tea dye and cationised cellulose monomer. All findings from this study explicitly demonstrate the significance of pH and fabric cationisation on dyeing and the functional properties of dyed fabric.
Improvement of common bean crops after inoculating plants with Alternaria solani IA300, Could Alternaria act like mycorrhiza on common bean crops?
Authors: Herrera Mayra Denise , Salas-Muñoz Silvia , Reveles-Torres Luis Roberto , Mauricio-Castillo Jorge Armando , Salazar-Badillo Fatima Berenice
Published: May 2023

Although the study of plant–rhizosphere microorganism associations has become an important knowledge resource to achieve sustainable agriculture, little has been achieved to replace chemical fertilization since most of these studies have been carried out under controlled conditions and not in experimental fields. In this study, we evaluated the effect of inoculating plants of two common bean cultivars at the vegetative and reproductive stages of the crop cycle with Alternaria solani native strain IA300 under field conditions. The results showed that A. solani is capable of increasing the production of common bean cultivars, which is reflected over different in the vegetative and reproductive analyzed: foliar area, plant length (cm), fresh weight (g), dry weight (g), number of leaves, flowers, seedpod, and seed yield; which leave for consideration that Alternaria solaninative strain IA300 may be considered a growth-promoting microorganism under field conditions. In summary, results showed that Alternaria inoculation effects on foliar area are cultivar bean dependent
Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and humoral immune responses to mRNA vaccines among people who use drugs - In the light of tailored mitigating strategies
Authors: Wüsthoff Linda , Lund-Johansen Fridtjof , Henriksen Kathleen , Wildendahl Gull , Jacobsen Jon-Aksel , Gomes Leni , Anjum Hina Sarwar , Barlinn Regine , Bakken-Kran Anne-Marte , Munthe Ludvig Andre , Vaage John T.
Published: May 2023

Background
People who use drugs (PWUD) have increased risk of acquiring SARS-CoV-2 and having severe courses of COVID-19. However, during the first wave of the pandemic, surprisingly few PWUD tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in Oslo.
Aims: To investigate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2, the antibody responses to virus infections and SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, and the vaccination rate among PWUD compared to the general population.
Methods:
Design: A prospective cohort study.
Setting: Data was collected from residents at six institutions for homeless PWUD and users of a low-threshold clinic for opioid agonist treatment.
Data was collected at baseline (N=99) and follow-up (N=25) and consisted of questionnaires and blood samples. Data on vaccination was collected from the National Vaccine Register.
Serologic methods included detection of antibodies to different virus proteins, detection of neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, and antibodies to Spike-FL, receptor-binding domain of the Spike protein and nucleocapsid from SARS-CoV-2.
Results
Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 were detected in 4/99 samples from PWUD in the months before vaccines were available. The corresponding frequency for population-based screening was 2.8%. The levels of serum antibodies to seasonal coronaviruses and EBV in PWUD, were also similar to those measured in population-based screening.
The levels of binding and neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 measured in samples obtained from PWUD (N=25) after the second vaccine dose were comparable to those observed in healthy controls. Concerning humoral immune responses to COVID-19 vaccination, there was no difference between PWUD and healthy individuals.
Eighty-four and eighty-nine per cent had received at least one dose of corona vaccine among PWUD and the general population, respectively.
Conclusion
Results showed that PWUD did not have increased seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and did not have increased serum antibodies to seasonal coronaviruses and EBV. Vaccine responses were not different from controls demonstrating that vaccination is a viable strategy to confer protection against SARS-CoV-2 in PWUD
Ozone and laser effects on dentin hypersensitivity treatment: a clinical study
Authors: D’Amario Maurizio , Carlo Mariachiara Di , Jahjah Ali , Mauro Stefania , Natale Salvatore , Capogreco Mario
Published: May 2023

Objectives Evaluate and compare the clinical efficacy of diode laser and gas ozone in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity (DHS) of non-carious-cervical lesion.
Materials and methods 88 teeth from 44 patients with moderate DHS were randomised into two groups according to a split-mouth design. In the diode laser group, the operator at first applicated the fluoride and potassium nitrate gel and then irradiated the superficial dentine exposed with 808 wavelength, incremental power from 0,2 to 0,6 W, with 20 seconds of interval. In the gas ozone group, the operator applicated, using a silicon cup, a high dose of ozone (32 g/m3) for 30 seconds. The subjects underwent a first evaluation of the dentin sensitivity level (T0), directly after treatment (T1), after 3 months (T2), and after 6 months (T3), with a cold air blast challenge and tactile stimuli. The pain severity was quantified according to the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Statistical analysis was performed using Wilcoxon and Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons (p=0.05).
Results A significant decrease of DHS were observed in both groups immediately, after 3 and 6 months of the therapy. After 6 months from the therapy, the sensitivity values in the teeth treated with gas ozone remain statistically lower than those treated with diode lasers (p=0.00026).
Conclusion Laser diode and gas ozone are both efficient as dentin sensitivity treatment. Ozone maintains an invariable effectiveness after 6 months.
Clinical relevance Laser diode and gas ozone can be recommended to reduce dentinal hypersensitivities.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05853523
Investigate asymmetry financial and technology development impacts on income inequality: Sub-Saharan African’s quest for economic growth
Authors: Li Zaiyang , Lunku Hassan Swedy
Published: May 2023

Financial and technology development have the capability to increase output and/or productivity, innovations, and technology requires huge capital investment, and the cost of implementing new technology in developing countries is the challenge. This paper examines the impact of financial and technology development on income inequality in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries from 1995 to 2020. While financial and technological advancements have the potential to boost economic growth, implementing new technology requires significant capital investment and can be a challenge in developing countries. Additionally, equal distribution of the benefits of financial and technological progress is not guaranteed. To account for nonlinearities in the relationship between financial and technological development on income inequality, the paper uses a nonlinear panel ARDL model that allows for heterogeneity within countries. The results show that in the long run, financial and technology development have a significant positive impact on income inequality in SSA countries. However, the impact of positive technology on income inequality is negative, while both positive and negative financial shocks have a positive impact on income inequality. The results of this paper have important implications for policymakers and development practitioners in sub-Saharan Africa, where income inequality remains a significant challenge.
Novel Method for Reversal of Hartmann’s procedure Using Magnetic Compression Anastomosis
Authors: Nakashima Keigo , Ohdaira Hironori , Kamada Teppei , Fuse Yoshinobu , Takahashi Junji , Nakaseko Yuichi , Suzuki Norihiko , Yoshida Masashi , Yamanouchi Eigoro , Suzuki Yutaka
Published: May 2023

Hartmann’s procedure is a useful surgical procedure for emergent cases, such as colonic perforation. With the increased use of this procedure, a new problem has emerged for surviving patients. Reversal of Hartmann’s procedure is reported to have high mortality and morbidity rates, and often becomes a permanent stoma even if it is ideally reversible. Herein, we developed a new Hartmann’s reversal method using magnetic compression anastomosis to improve the rate of reversal. During Hartmann’s procedure, the serosa of the residual rectal stump and oral side of the stoma were sutured together. By this suture, intervention of other organs can be prevented between the both colon. After magnetic compression anastomosis was completed at the same site, reversal of Hartmann’s procedure was performed. Anastomosis was not required during the surgery; we were only required to excise the oral side of the stoma. As the operation becomes simpler, it is thought that it can be performed more safely and reliably. Hartmann’s reversal using magnetic compression anastomosis is beneficial for decreasing the permanent stoma rate.
The factors impacting on Gleason score upgrading in Prostate cancer
Authors: Huang Tzu-Heng , Li Wei‑Ming , Ke Hung‑Lung , Li Ching‑Chia , Wu Wen‑Jeng , Yeh Hsin‑Chih , Lee Hsiang Ying
Published: May 2023

Background: This study aims to investigate the factors contributing to the discrepancy in between biopsy Gleason score and radical prostatectomy Gleason score in patients diagnosed with prostate cancer.
Methods: A total of 341 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy from 2011/04 to 2020/12 were identified. We only include patients with initial Gleason score of 6 after biopsy and enrolled 102 patients. Preoperative clinical variables and pathological variables were assessed to clarify the association with post-surgical Gleason score upgrading. The optimal cut-off points for significant continuous variables were then identified by obtaining the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve.
Results: Upgrading was observed in 63 patients and non-upgrading in 39 patients. In the multiple variables assessed, smaller prostate volume (PV) (p value=0.0007), prostate specific antigen density (PSAD) (p value=0.0055), positive surgical margins (p value=0.0062) and pathological perineural invasion (p value=0.0038) were significant predictors of Gleason score upgrading. To further explore preclinical variables, a cut-off value for PV (38ml, p value=0.0017) and PSAD(0.26ng/ml2, p value=0.0013) were identified to be associated with Gleason score upgrading
Conclusions: Smaller PV and elevated PSAD are associated with increased risk of Gleason score upgrading. The inverse relationship between PV and Gleason score upgrading might reflect the low androgenicity response of the prostate stroma.
Astaxanthin binding affinity to DNA: Studied by fluorescence, surface plasmon resonance and molecular docking methods
Authors: Ranjbary Farideh , Fathi Farzaneh , Maleki Somaiyeh
Published: May 2023

Astaxanthin (Ax), as a novel food supplement, a pink-red pigment, belongs to the carotenoid family. The study of DNA interactions with various drugs is very important for estimating the mechanism of interaction and developing new drugs. The purpose of this study is to investigate the binding affinity of Ax to double strand (ds) DNA evaluated by using a fluorescence spectroscopy, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and docking approaches. The fluorescence results shown that Ax can quench the intensity amount of DNA fluorescence via a static quenching way. In the SPR method, DNA molecules were attached on a gold sensor surface. Using different amounts of ds DNA, the kinetic values KD, KA, and Ka were calculated. The obtained finding confirm that the binding of Ax to DNA has an exothermic and spontaneous mechanism. Also, thermodynamic studies were carried out using fluorescence analysis at four different temperatures, and the resulted negative data for ΔH and ΔS displayed that the main binding strength in the interaction of Ax to DNA was hydrogen bonding. Molecular docking results confirmed that the side chains of Ax interact specifically with base pairs and the DNA backbone.
Early detection of Aspergillus spp. from lower respiratory tract is associated with higher mortality in viral CAP: A multicenter prospective cohort study in China
Authors: Yin Lu , Zhang Ying , Ni Wentao , Zheng Yali , Luo Qiongzhen , Zhao Lili , Xu Yu , Gao Zhancheng
Published: May 2023

Purpose:Community-acquire pneumonia (CAP) is one of the leading causes of death among adults worldwide and one of the world's most burdened diseases. Previous studies have suggested that viral pneumonia, especially severe influenza virus pneumonia, tends to be superinfected with Aspergillus. But the clinical features and prognostics in viral CAP patients with detection of Aspergillus in the early onset of the disease were unclear.
Methods: We conducted a multicenter prospective observational cohort study in China of CAP patients. Adult patients with CAP in 6 hospitals from January 2017 to October 2018 were enrolled. Lower respiratory tract specimens (including sputum and alveolar lavage fluid) were collected within 72 hours after admission. Molecular biology techniques were used to conduct comprehensive pathogenic testing on collected specimens, including bacteria, atypical pathogens, viruses and fungi. A unified electronic medical record website system was used to collect patient clinical data.
Results:A total of 382 adult CAP patients were enrolled. The positive rate of virus was 38% (145/382), and Aspergillus was 11.0% (16/145) in viral CAP. The mortality of Aspergillus-positive patients (25%, 4/16) was significantly higher than that of Aspergillus-negative patients (5.4%, 7/129) in viral CAP (P=0.021). In multivariable Logistic regression models, positive Aspergillus at admission significantly increased the mortality of viral CAP [OR (95%CI) =5.81 (1.48, 22.73), P=0.011]. The lymphocyte count in Aspergillus-positive patients was significantly lower than that of Aspergillus-negative patients (P=0.047).
Conclusion:The positive detection results of Aspergillus from lower respiratory tract were associated with higher mortality in viral CAP.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03093220. Registered retrospectively on 28 March 2017.
Association of triglyceride-glucose index trajectory and frailty in urban older residents: evidence from the 10-year follow-up in a cohort study
Authors: Yuan Yin , Chen Simiao , Lin Chunjin , Huang Xiaoming , Lin Siyang , Huang Feng , Zhu Pengli
Published: May 2023

Background Frailty is an age-related geriatric syndrome that leads to a series of clinically negative events. A better understanding of the factors associated with frailty assists in preventing its progression. The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, a simple alternative index of insulin resistance, has not yet been proven to be associated with frailty. The present study aimed to investigate the association between the TyG index and its trajectory with frailty from a cross-sectional, retrospective and prospective level based on an ongoing cohort.
Methods This longitudinal study included 1,866 older residents from the “Fujian prospective aging cohort” (ChiCTR 2000032949). The TyG index was calculated as ln [fasting triglyceride (mg/dL) ╳ fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)/2] and group-based trajectory model (GBTM) was applied to identify the trajectory of TyG index. The association between different trajectory groups of TyG index with frailty risk were estimated using multinomial logistic regression analysis.
Results In the cross-sectional analysis, the highest quartile of the TyG index was associated with an increased risk of frailty (TyG index Q4 vs. Q1, OR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.00–2.25, P = 0.048). Restricted cubic splines demonstrated an increasing trend for TyG index and frailty risk. During a follow-up of ten years, three distinct trajectories of the TyG index were identified: low-stable (n=697, 38.3%), moderate-stable (n=910, 50.0%) and high-stable (n=214, 11.7%). Compared with those in the stable-low group of TyG index trajectory, the ORs (95% CI) of prefrailty and frailty risk were 1.79 (95% CI 1.11–2.88) and 2.17 (95% CI 1.01–3.88) for the high-stable group, respectively (P=0.017 and P=0.038). In the subgroup analysis, the association of the high-stable trajectory of TyG and frailty status were only observed in subjects with BMI ≥24kg/m2. Prospectively, the highest quartile of the TyG index was associated with a 2.09-fold significantly increased risk of one-year ADL/IADL decline (P = 0.045).
Conclusions The present study suggests a potential role for a high and sustainable level of TyG index in the risk of frailty. The trajectories of the TyG index can help to identify older individuals at a higher risk of frailty who deserve primitive preventive and therapeutic approaches.
Semaphorin 3C enhances putative cancer stemness and accelerates peritoneal dissemination in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Tomizawa Satoshi , Takano Shigetsugu , Eto Ryotaro , Takayashiki Tsukasa , Kuboki Satoshi , Ohtsuka Masayuki
Published: May 2023

Purpose
Semaphorins, axon guidance cues in neuronal network formation, have been implicated in cancer progression. We previously identified semaphorin 3C (SEMA3C) as a secreted protein overexpressed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We, therefore, hypothesized that SEMA3C supports PDAC progression. In this study, we aimed to investigate the clinical features of SEMA3C, especially its association with chemo-resistance and peritoneal dissemination.
Methods
In resected PDAC tissues, we assessed the relationship between SEMA3C expression and clinicopathological features by immunohistochemistry. In vitro studies, we have shown invasion assay, pancreatosphere formation assay, colony formation assay, cytotoxicity assay, and activation of SEMA3C downstream targets (c-Met, Akt, mTOR). In vivo, we performed a preclinical trial to confirm the efficacy of SEMA3C shRNA knockdown and Gemcitabine and nab-Paclitaxel (GnP) in an orthotopic transplantation mouse model and in peritoneal dissemination mouse model.
Results
In resected PDAC tissues, SEMA3C expression correlated with invasion and peritoneal dissemination after surgery. SEMA3C promoted cell invasion, self-renewal, and colony formation in vitro. We further demonstrated that SEMA3C knockdown increased Gem-induced cytotoxicity by suppressing the activation of the Akt/mTOR pathway via the c-Met receptor. Combination therapy with SEMA3C knockdown and GnP reduced tumor growth and peritoneal dissemination.
Conclusions
SEMA3C enhances peritoneal dissemination by regulating putative cancer stemness and Gem resistance and activates phosphorylation of the Akt/mTOR pathway via c-Met. Our findings provide a new avenue for therapeutic strategies in regulating peritoneal dissemination during PDAC progression.
Toeless and Reversible DNA Strand Displacement based on Hoogsteen-bond Triplex
Authors: Qin Yang , Li Jiangtian , Zhang Xuehao , wang Kaixuan , Zhang Heao , Huang Feiyang , Wang Limei , Li Longjie , Xiao Xianjin
Published: May 2023

Strand displacement reaction is a crucial component in the assembly of diverse DNA-based nanodevices, with the toehold-mediated strand displacement reaction representing the prevailing strategy. However, the single-stranded Watson-Crick sticky region that serves as the trigger for strand displacement can also cause leakage reactions by introducing crosstalk in complex DNA circuits. Here, we proposed the toeless and reversible DNA strand displacement reaction based on the Hoogsteen-bond triplex, which is compatible with most of the existing DNA circuits. We demonstrated that our proposed reaction can occur at pH 5 and can be reversed at pH 9. We also observed an approximately linear relationship between the degree of reaction and pH within the range of pH 5–6, providing the potential for precise regulation of the reaction. Meanwhile, by altering the sequence orientation, we have demonstrated that our proposed reaction can be initiated or regulated through the same toeless mechanism without the requirement for protonation in low pH conditions. Based on the proposed reaction principle, we further constructed a variety of DNA nanodevices, including two types of DNA logic gates that rely on pH = 5/pH = 9 changes for initiating and reversing: the AND gate and the OR gate. We also successfully constructed a DNA Walker based on our proposed reaction modes, which can move along a given track after the introduction of a programmable DNA sequence and complete a cycle after 4 steps. Our findings suggest that this innovative approach will have broad utility in the development of DNA circuits, molecular sensors, and other complex biological systems.
Study of computational model for closing comfort of automotive door system considering work done by components
Authors: Liu Zhiguo , chen xin , Lan Haitao , sun gang , deng guohui , li Tieji
Published: May 2023

Due to the complicated influences of the car door system, the closing comfort is difficult to evaluate in the design of the car door system. In order to solve the problem and increase the development efficiency, based on the work of the whole process and the law of energy conservation, this paper models the power and resistance work under the closing conditions of the door system, and focuses on the construction of the work by door gravity, door limiter, sealing force of the seal, air resistance inside the seal and air resistance inside the vehicle in particular, and designs a computational model of the door closing comfort. The use of the model will effectively guide the development of door system parameterization.
Enigma of the Olyutorskii Earthquake Resolved by SAR interferometry
Authors: Mikhailov Valentin O. , Timoshkina E. P. , Diament M. , Smirnov V. B.
Published: May 2023

The Mw 7.6 Olyutorskii earthquake of April 20, 2006, struck the southern edge of the Koryak Highland, in a region of great complexity at the junction of the North American, Eurasian, and Pacific plates. This seismic event was notable for several remarkable features. Firstly, it had an unexpectedly large magnitude, leading to a reassessment of the seismic hazard in the Northern Kamchatka region. Secondly, the GCMT focal mechanism solution showed two nodal planes corresponding to nearly thrusting displacements on a 40-510 dipping rupture plane. However, geological field studies conducted in the epicentral area allow to map at the surface three primary segments of a120 km long rupture zone. The central segment showed predominant right-lateral strike-slip displacements, while the NE and SW segments exhibited mostly thrusts steeply dipping SE with smaller strike-slip components.
Thirdly, aftershocks were recorded in an area extending over 200 km southwestward from the surface ruptures mapped in the field, with an intense activity observed in a vast area 75 km to the NW from the surface ruptures. Fourthly, although the ruptures found during fieldwork were dipping to the SE, most aftershocks occurred NW of them, with their depth decreasing in the NW direction.
SAR interferometry resolved this apparent discrepancy between seismological and field-geology data, indicating that the primary displacements occurred northwest from the central and southwest segments of the ruptures at the earth's surface.
We present in our study a new rupture model based on SAR, GPS, and field geology data. The model consists of a major blind thrust extending NW and three rear subvertical ruptures that reached the earth's surface and were mapped during the field survey. Additionally, models of the main Мw6.6 aftershocks that occurred on April 29, 2006, and May 22, 2006, are presented.
Our new model reconciles all collected data, with a direction of movements on the major thrust agreeing with the rotation of the previously suggested Beringia microplate around a pole situated in the North of the Chukotka peninsula.
Genome analysis and safety assessment of Achromobacter marplatensis strain YKS2 strain isolated from the rumen of Yaks in China
Authors: Li Dapeng , Han Songwei , Zhang kang , Zhang Hong , Chen Fubing , Wang Lei , Liu Qin , Guo Zhiting , Zhang Jingyan , Li Jianxi
Published: May 2023

Achromobacter marplatensis strain YKS2 isolated from the Yak rumen has a feature of producing cellulose. This study aims to analyze the genome and safety of strainYKS2 in vivo considering its future research and application prospects. The genome of strain YKS2 was sequenced and used for genomic in silico studies. The administration of strain YKS2 with three doses was carried out on mice for 3 days of oral and 7 days of clinical observation tests. The BW, FI, organ indices, gut microbiota, and histological appearances of organs & intestines, along with hematological parameters and serum biochemistry were measured on mice. The chromosome size of strain YKS2 was 5 918 133 bp with GC content of 89.82%. The strain was component of 6 058 coding genes and had multiple functional genes, but no plasmids. The mice in all groups were alive, with good mental states and functional activities. Compared with the control group, there was no significant difference in the three dose groups on BW, FI, hematological parameters (WBC, LYM, etc.) and serum biochemistry (ALB, ALT, etc.). No abnormalities were observed in main visceral organs, intestinal tissue and V/C value in groups. However the IEL number of duodenum and gut microbiota diversity (Shannon index) in the high-dose group was significantly higher than in the control group (p < 0.05). Besides, the low dose of strain YKS2 also significantly affected the bacterial abundance of firmicutes, actinobacteria and desulphurizing bacteroidetes at the phylum. There was no significant effect at genus levels in groups. In a word, the study provided the genome and potential functional genes of strain YKS2, which is beneficial to understand the features of the A. marplatensis strain, and proved train YKS2 without acute toxicity to mice. However, a long-term feeding toxicity experiment in vivo should be performed to further ensure its potential application value strain in the animal industry.
Success of Caries and Periapical Infection Diagnoses on Panoramic images: Artificial Intelligence vs Junior and Specialist Dentists
Authors: Güneç Hüseyin Gürkan
Published: May 2023

Objectives The aim of this study is to evaluate the success rate of radiological diagnoses regarding caries and periapical infection, comparing an artificial intelligence application against junior dentists, based on the valid determinations by specialist dentists.Methods In the initial stage of the study, 2 specialist dentists evaluated the presence of caries and periapical lesions on 500 digital panoramic radiographs, and the detection time was recorded in seconds. In the second stage, 3 junior dentists and an artificial intelligence application performed diagnoses on the same panoramic radiographs, and the diagnostic results and durations were recorded in seconds.Results The artificial intelligence and the three junior dentists, respectively, detected dental caries at an SEN of 0.907,0.889,0.491,0.907; a SPEC of 0.760,0.740,0.454,0.769660; a PPV of 0.693,0.470,0.155,0.666; an NPV of 0.505,0.415,0.275,0.367 and an F1-score of 0.786,0.615,0.236,0.768. The artificial intelligence and the three junior dentists respectively detected periapical lesions at an SEN of 0.973,0.962,0.758,0.958; a SPEC of 0.629,0.421,0.404,0.621; a PPV of 0.861,0.651,0.312,0.648; an NPV of 0.689,0.673,0.278,0.546 and an F1-score of 0.914,0.777,0.442,0.773.Conclusion The artificial intelligence application gave more accurate results, especially in detecting periapical lesions. On the other hand, in caries detection, the underdiagnosis rate was high for both artificial intelligence and junior dentists. Regarding the evaluation time needed, artificial intelligence performed faster, on average.
Artificial Intelligence-enabled Electrocardiography Detects Osteoporosis with chest X-ray and identifies the mortality events
Authors: Tsai Dung-Jang , Lin Chin , Lin Chin-Sheng , Lee Chia-Cheng , Wang Chih-Hung , Fang Wen-Hui
Published: May 2023

SUMMARY
A deep learning model was developed to identify osteoporosis from chest X-ray features with high accuracy in internal and external validation. It has significant prognostic implications, identifying individuals at higher risk of all-cause mortality. This AI-enabled chest X-ray strategy may function as an early detection screening tool for osteoporosis.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to develop a deep learning model (DLM) to identify osteoporosis via chest X-ray features and investigate the performance and clinical implications.
METHOD
This study collected 48,353 CXRs with the corresponding T score according to DXA from the academic medical center. Among these, 35,633 CXRs were used to identify CXR-OP. Another 12,720 CXRs were used to validate the performance, which was evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Furthermore, CXR-OP was tested to assess the long-term risks of mortality, which were evaluated by Kaplan‒Meier survival analysis and the Cox proportional hazards model.
RESULTS
The DLM utilizing CXR achieved AUCs of 0.930 and 0.892 during internal and external validation, respectively. The group that underwent DXA with CXR-OP had a higher risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 2.59, 95% CI: 1.83–3.67), and those classified as CXR-OP in the group without DXA also had higher all-cause mortality (HR: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.61–1.72) in the internal validation set. The external validation set produced similar results.
CONCLUSION
Our DLM uses chest X-rays for early detection of osteoporosis, aiding physicians to identify those at risk. It has significant prognostic implications, improving life quality and reducing mortality. AI-enabled CXR strategy may serve as a screening tool.
Improving Hierarchical Ecosystem Structures and Multicriteria Evaluations for Current Land Ecosystem Classification
Authors: Zhang Yan , West Neil E. , Hua Xu Jian
Published: May 2023

Background
Ecosystem classification provides a systematic means to organize landscape resources for the purposes of environmental management and planning. The ecosystem classification attempts to capture earth processes over large geographic areas that produce persistent ecosystem patterns on the landscape. Past studies included the hierarchical ecosystem classification in the 300 Dry Domain of the United States and the 100 Polar Domain of Canada. In this paper, the land ecosystem classification (LEC) was developed and simplified as the structure level of organization with the hierarchical system and global ecoregions examined by using hierarchical theory and Multicriteria Evaluations.
Results
The generalized real-world components model relates the classification and level structure as a function of climate, landform, parent material, hydroregime, soil, ecological site, and fauna. Top Domain verification provided physical links and comparison bases for developing mapping ecosystems at continental and global scales. The focal levels were the main national and regional ecosystem classification components. The bottom level and its component were objectively defined by the related ecological site or vegetation stand.
Conclusions
The real-world component model was used to implement the analysis. Once the dimension of the ecosystem classification was significantly reduced to less than ten levels, the component effect ranks and importance ranks demonstrated the comprehension of the level of organizational structures and the land ecosystem classification. Furthermore, the Real-World Component Model quantitatively assessed the component effect and importance features. The component effect values Wi of the ecosystem hierarchies exhibited a significant relationship with the component importance values Vi (R2 = 0.8025, P < 0.01).
Ein Orakelfragment der erythraeischen Sibylle – Untersuchungen zur paganen und jüdisch-christlichen Sibyllentradition
Authors: Fischer Jens
Published: May 2023

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Aktif Güç Filtresi ile Akım Harmonikleri, Reaktif Güç Kompanzasyonu ve Etkili Güç Akışı için Geliştirilmiş Bir Kontrol Yöntemi
Authors: ÇELİK Doğan
Published: May 2023

İndüktörler, kapasitörler, transformatörler, doğrultucular, kesintisiz güç kaynakları, elektrikli makineleri ve flüoresan lambalar gibi çeşitli konut yükleri, güç faktörünün bozulmasına ve harmoniklere neden olmaktadırlar. Elektrik güç sistemlerine bağlı reaktif yükler, ana şebekedeki akım/güç kalitesini ve güç faktörünü azaltan reaktif güç üretmektedirler. Bu nedenle, istikrarlı ve güvenilir bir elektrik şebekesi için yeterli reaktif güç sağlanması gerekir. Bu bağlamda, bu makalede üç fazlı şönt aktif güç filtresi (ŞAGF) ile farklı yüklerin harmonik etkilerinin ortadan kaldırılması, reaktif güç kompanzasyonun ve etkili bir şekilde reaktif güç akışını sağlanması için geliştirilmiş bir kontrol yöntemi önerilmiştir. Önerilen kontrol yönteminin performans sonuçları, dirençli-kapasitif doğrusal yük (D-KDY), dirençli-endüktif doğrusal yük (D-EDY), doğrusal olmayan yük (DOY) ve yüksek endüktif DOY gibi kapsamlı durum çalışmaları altında incelenmiş ve geleneksel kontrol yöntemi ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Önerilen kontrol yöntemi ile yüksek bir güç faktörü sağlamak için ana şebekeden güç çekmeden ŞAGF yeterli reaktif güç sağlamaktadır. Çeşitli durum çalışmaları, önerilen kontrol yöntemi şebeke akımı ve gerilimi arasındaki faz uyumsuzluğunu azaltabileceğini ve şebeke akımı harmoniklerini azaltabileceğini göstermektedir. Farklı yük grupları etkisi altında, önerilen kontrol yöntemi ile yaklaşık 0.99 güç faktörü değeri elde edilirken geleneksel kontrol yöntemi ile 0.79 ve 0.81 gibi daha düşük güç faktörü değerleri elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca önerilen kontrol yöntemi ile farklı harmonik yüklerin etkisi ortadan kaldırılarak akım harmoniklerinin THB’ si %1.0 seviyesinin altına düşürülmüştür.
Substantiation of the optimum screen brightness parameters of the interactive panel to reduce the risk of general and visual fatigue of schoolchildren
Authors:   National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, 2 Lomonosovskii Ave., bldg 1, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation, Ayzyatova M.V. , Aleksandrova I.E. ,   National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, 2 Lomonosovskii Ave., bldg 1, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation, Lashneva I.P. ,   National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, 2 Lomonosovskii Ave., bldg 1, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation, Kurgansky A.M ,   National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, 2 Lomonosovskii Ave., bldg 1, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
Published: May 2023

The digital transformation of modern education contributes to the active introduction of interactive panels (IP) into the educational process, replacing traditional chalkboards. Minimizing possible risk factors when using an IP also requires considering the visual characteristics of its screen. At present, there are no results of such studies in the scientific literature. The purpose of this work was to substantiate the optimal range of IP screen brightness when it is used in the classroom to prevent general and visual fatigue of schoolchildren. We analysed research articles describing studies in visual hygiene, lighting engineering, display technologies, etc. Our study involved measuring brightness and pulsation coefficient of a working IP screen. Ranges of IP screen brightness that could produce harmful effects on children's health have been empirically established. With the help of a specially designed questionnaire, complaints of students attending the 4th grade of secondary schools were studied to identify general and visual fatigue, as well as factors caused by the IP and negatively affecting the respondents’ well-being. The relative risk values are calculated, namely a probability that these complaints would occur in schoolchildren, depending on parameters of IP screen brightness. The optimal range of IP screen brightness is justified for a working mode that significantly reduces the probability of students complaining about general and visual fatigue. Monitoring and correction of IP screen brightness mode during classes will reduce the risks of students' health disorders. It is necessary to continue research to substantiate the optimal visual characteristics of the IP screen based on investigating indicators describing the functional state of the child's body.