bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Leptin in Obesity Management: Current and Herbal Treatment
Authors: T. Galatage Sunil , N. Gurav Sakshi , R. Moladi Mahadevi , R. Podjale Tejal , B. Tejam Nikita , S. Manjappa Arehalli , S. Kumbhar Popat , V. Nikade Supriya , S. Chopade Swapnil , A. Desai Sujit , N. Kalebere Shweta , G. Killedar Suresh
Published: July 2022

Obesity is an excessive accumulation of fat in the body associated with numerous complications such as development of hypertension, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), dyslipidemia, sleep apnea, and respiratory disorders; and ultimately life-threatening cardiovascular disease (CVD), stroke, certain types of cancer and osteoarthritis. In 2016, more than 1.9 billion adults aged 18 years and older were overweight. Of these, over 650 million adults were obese, that is over 39% of men and 40% of women were overweight. Rapid rise in obesity cases in both developed and developing countries and people suffering from it needs rapid and complete cure form it without any side effects. Herbal medicine has been used for the treatment of disease for more than 2000 years, and it has proven efficacy. Many studies have confirmed that herbal medicines are effective in the treatment of obesity. Various plants from different families and several phytochemical constituents are responsible for the anti-obesity activity such as fenugreek cinnamon, cardamom, ginger, etc. Present work mainly cover herbal species having leptin-stimulating potential for weight management, importance of leptin, its mechanism of action, current and herbal treatment for effective weight management.
Adaptace škály Sense of National Coherence
Authors: Šípová Ivana , Zubková Anna , Tušl Martin
Published: July 2022

Cílem tohoto příspěvku je nahlédnout na Sense of Coherence v současných podmínkách pandemie Covid-19, jejíž zvládání je do určité míry národním tématem. Antonovského smysl pro koherenci (Sense of Coherence, SOC) je považován za jednu z hlavních koncepcí psychické odolnosti. Tento koncept sloužil jako inspirace pro vytvoření teorie národní koherence – Sense of National Coherence (SONC), kterou se rozumí způsob, jakým lidé nahlíží na svůj národ v kontextu srozumitelnosti, smysluplnosti a ovladatelnosti, což jsou tří dimenze konceptu Sense of Coherence. Původní verze dotazníku SONC byla vytvořená na izraelském vzorku, kde se vysoký SONC ukázal jako potenciální bariéra při smiřovaní palestinsko-izraelského konfliktu. Data byla sbíraná před a po válce v Gaze. Původní verzi z angličtiny jsme převedli do českého jazyka a administrovali v čase třetí vlny pandemie Covid-19 na vzorku 499 respondentů. Příspěvek na konferenci představí základní psychometrické charakteristiky dotazníku a srovnání s původní izraelskou verzí. SONC je sebeposuzovací nástroj, který se skládá z 8 položek a využívá sedmi bodovou Likertovou škálu, jejíž verbalizace je vždy přizpůsobená znění položky. Konfirmační faktorová analýza potvrdila jednodimenzionální strukturu modelu (α = 0.693, ω = 0.711). Průměrný skór SONC byl 3.6 (SD = 0.82). Korelační analýza poukazuje na statisticky významný vztah mezi hladinami SONC a rokem narození (r = -0.305, p < 0.01). Dotazník má v tuto chvíli využití především v komparativních studiích sledujících faktory duševního zdraví v kontextu pandemie Covid-19 v různých populacích.
Fighting “The Ghosts of the Past”. Communism and Lustration as Key Topics of the First Romanian Electoral Debate (May 17, 1990) – A Review of Context and Discourse –
Authors: Cârstea Andreea ,   Zeta Books
Published: July 2022

The general perception regarding the political discourse produced in Romania after 1989 is that the actors (politicians, media, and the public) prioritized a number of themes, which, in spite of their circumstantial dimensions, tended to become strongly established topics. From this perspective, transitional politics became a discursive locus for a number of issues, the actors repeatedly returning to the same ‘well‑worn roads’. Using as corpus samples of discourse from the first electoral campaign post‑1989, the study analyses if and how the controversial theme of the recent historical legacies became a crucial topic during that interval, investigating the main approaches used by the actors and discussing whether or not these settled the frame of interpretation for the following interval. The paper draws on critical and historical discourse analysis, interpreting discourse as both text and context, language and action, discursive event and social situation. It represents an analysis of a topic that, over the years, has become a thematic keystone in political discourse.
Representations of the Soviet Period and Its Traces in the Works of Contemporary Artists from the Baltic States
Authors: Purlyte Gabija ,   Zeta Books
Published: July 2022

This paper examines how Soviet and post‑Soviet history is presented and reflected upon in select works of contemporary artists from Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. As the contemporary art scenes of these newly independent states developed and joined the global contemporary art circuit, a number of Baltic artists have participated in the recent “historiographic turn” in art. Through the analysis of examples, we look at four approaches employed by these artists when tackling the subject of history seen through personal narratives; history told from the point of view of ethnic/linguistic minorities; a focus on women’s experiences; and a debate on the preservation, removal, and building of commemorative monuments. This paper aims to show how these artists integrate reflections of the Soviet and post‑Soviet experience into the building of complex, inclusive, positive post‑Soviet identities.
Ungrounded Payoffs: A Tale of Perfect Love and Hate
Authors: Cresto Eleonora ,   Journal of Philosophy Inc.
Published: July 2022

I explore a game-theoretic analysis of social interactions in which each agent’s well-being depends crucially on the well-being of another agent. As a result of this, payoffs are interdependent and cannot be fixed, and hence the overall assessment of strategies becomes ungrounded. A paradigmatic example of this general phenomenon occurs when both players are ‘reflective altruists’, in a sense to be explained. I argue that ungroundedness cannot be captured by standard games with incomplete information, but that it requires the concept of an underspecified game; underspecified games have radically underdetermined matrices. Players locked in ungroundedness will be assumed to engage simultaneously in an implicit second-order game in which they try to coordinate their first-order matrices. If they fail to coordinate, their first-order interaction cannot be recast as a game in the first place.
Bispectral index-guided propofol sedation during endoscopic ultrasonography
Authors: Okamoto Ayana , Kamata Ken , Miyata Takeshi , Yoshikawa Tomoe , Ishikawa Rei , Yamazaki Tomohiro , Nakai Atsushi , Omoto Shunsuke , Minaga Kosuke , Yamao Kentaro , Takenaka Mamoru , Chiba Yasutaka , Sakurai Toshiharu , Nishida Naoshi , Kitano Masayuki , Kudo Masatoshi
Published: July 2022

Background/Aims: Bispectral index (BIS) monitors process and display electroencephalographic data are used to assess the depth of anesthesia. This study retrospectively evaluated the usefulness of BIS monitoring during endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS).Methods: This study included 725 consecutive patients who underwent EUS under sedation with propofol. BIS monitoring was used in 364 patients and was not used in 361. The following parameters were evaluated: (1) median dose of propofol; (2) respiratory and circulatory depression; (3) occurrence of body movements; (4) awakening score >8 at the time; and (5) awakening score 2 hours after leaving the endoscopy room.Results: The BIS group received a significantly lower median dose of propofol than the non-BIS group (159.2 mg vs. 167.5 mg; p=0.015) in all age groups. For patients aged ≥75 years, the reduction in heart rate was significantly lower in the BIS group than in the non-BIS group (1.2% vs. 9.1%; p=0.023). Moreover, the occurrence of body movements was markedly lower in the BIS group than in the non-BIS group (8.5% vs. 39.4%; p<0.001).Conclusions: During EUS examination, BIS monitoring is useful for maintaining a constant depth of anesthesia, especially in patients 75 years of age or older.
The Ukrainian Opera Diva in Vilnius at the Start of the Twentieth Century. In memory of the 150th birth anniversary of Solomiya Krushelnytska (1872–1952)
Authors: Bakutytė Vida
Published: July 2022

The object of the article is the tours of Solomiya Krushelnytska (Соломія Крушельницька, 1872–1952), one of the most outstanding Ukrainian opera singers of the twentieth century, in Vilnius on 10 February and 21–22 March 1901. Not only Lithuanian but also Ukrainian, Polish, and Russian historiographies fail to reflect this significant fact in the history of musical culture of Lithuania. The concert of the world-renowned Ukrainian opera prima donna and her participation in two performances of an Italian opera troupe in Vilnius were important events in the cultural life of the city. They were warmly welcomed by the public of Vilnius and received glowing reviews. The acquaintance with the singer of extraordinary talent was a new and significant experience for the admirers of operatic art in Vilnius. The aim of this article is to publish the results of an in-depth analysis providing an opportunity to find out the circumstances of the tours of the world-acclaimed soloist in Vilnius. It also seeks to present a precise sequence of events that accompanied her visits and their reception in the city, as well as evaluate the artistic importance of her performances for the residents of Vilnius. At the same time, the article intends to fill the gap in the research on this particular theme and to enrich the material provided in the publications of the biographers of Solomiya Krushelnytska with her “Vilnius page”.
Atypically located incidental appendicitis during laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Doğan Yüksel
Published: July 2022

Appendicitis is the most common surgical emergency. It classically presents with periumbilical pain that localizes to the right lower quadrant and nausea, vomiting, anorexia, and fever. Acute appendicitis may result from an obstructing faecolith or some other mechanical blockage. However, appendicitis presenting with rare and misleading right upper quadrant pain may result in an initial false-negative diagnosis by the physician and even result in negative findings on computed tomography (CT) or ultrasound, increasing the risk of perforation/abscess formation and prolonged hospital stay. This report presents a case of atypical appendicitis during laparoscopic cholecystectomy where the correct diagnosis was not initially considered. Unusual localization was documented several times, otherwise known as classical localization of the appendix. Findings of acute appendicitis varied according to the localization of the appendix. The most common position was the retrocaecal region (65-70%). Other localizations were paraileal, postileal, promontoric, pelvic, subcaecal, paracolic and retrocaecal. These conditions were important to recognise, given that they may need additional specific management. This case report study showed atypical located incidental appendicitis during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Contested Language and the Study of Later Life
Authors: Oh June , Hess Linda M. , Henderson Julia
Published: July 2022

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Desde el recuerdo, el arte y el sentimiento: María Escribano (1954-2002), veinte años después
Authors: Piñero Gil Carmen Cecilia
Published: July 2022

En este año de 2022 se cumplen veinte años de la muerte de la compositora española María Escribano (1954-2002). La entrevista que más abajo transcribimos fue realizada el 15 de junio de 1999, durante una soleada mañana madrileña, en la casa de esta singular creadora.
Francisco José López Salgueiro y el archivo de la casa abandonada
Authors: Glocer Silvia
Published: July 2022

Francisco José López Salgueiro (1872-1967) nació en España y desde comienzos del siglo XX vivió el resto de su vida en Argentina. Durante algunas décadas en la ciudad de Dolores, provincia de Buenos Aires y luego en la ciudad de Buenos Aires. Fue compositor, pianista y profesor de música, pero su vida no ha sido aún estudiada en profundidad. Este es un primer artículo musicológico sobre este músico. Parte de su archivo musical fue rescatado de una casa abandonada en la ciudad de Dolores por Diego Sachella, guionista, amante de la música y vecino de esa ciudad. A partir del encuentro con Diego y con este material he tratado de reconstruir la historia y trayectoria de López Salgueiro y ubicarla en el contexto cultural de la Argentina de las primeras décadas del siglo pasado. Incluyo en este artículo un catálogo de su obra construido a partir de las obras que he tenido a la vista más las que aparecen en diversas fuentes.
Un cortège de muses au service de l’oeuvre de Gustave Flaubert et de la musique
Authors: Castanet Pierre Albert
Published: July 2022

A l"occasion du bi-centenaire de la naissance de Gustave Flaubert (1821-1880), Pierre Albert Castanet a désiré pointer les rapports existant entre le romancier français et la musique savante (opéra, musique de film, pièce électroacoustique…). Dans ce contexte, de Madame Bovary à Salammbô, de La Tentation de saint Antoine à Hérodias… le musicologue évoque les partitions de compositeurs plus ou moins connus : Jules Massenet, Ernest Reyer, Darius Milhaud, Emmanuel Bondeville, Michel Chion, Isabelle Aboulker…
Una composición musical a partir de una improvisación: Fundamentación hermenéutica- Experiencia heurística de creación
Authors: Mandolini Ricardo
Published: July 2022

Una composición musical a través de la improvisación. Fundamentación hermenéutica – Experiencia heurística de la creación, es un artículo experimental nacido de una realización musical pedagógica desarrollada en 1986 en el curso de Creación Musical de Ricardo Mandolini, en la licenciatura del Departamento de Estudios Musicales de la Universidad de Lille III, Francia.
Con el nacimiento de la disciplina musicológica Heurística Musical, parte de la formación du Master del CEAC (Centre de Recherches des Arts Contemporains) de la Universidad de Lille, el modelo de esta experiencia fue reflexionado e interpretado a la luz de diversas contribuciones teóricas de filósofos y psicólogos. Estas reflexiones constituyen la primera parte del artículo; los escritos de Baumgarten, Winnicott, Straus, Ehrenzweig, Adorno y Morin son presentados aquí, sin respetar un orden cronológico sino su pertinencia gradualmente creciente para cernir el sujeto.
La exégesis e interpretación de los textos abre camino a la segunda parte del trabajo, que contiene el “libro de bitácora” de una experiencia de creación. De ella el lector será testigo desde su nacimiento hasta su culminación. Se trata de una improvisación vocal que se desarrolla y se transforma en una composición musical. El instrumento metodológico utilizado aquí es una semiología evolutiva que nace y se desarrolla con la música, permitiendo realizar una tomografía, instante por instante, del camino recorrido.
El propósito principal de este artículo es demostrar la manera compleja como la teoría y la práctica interactúan en un proceso de creación.
Współpraca doradców z firmami rodzinnymi w procesie sukcesji. Perspektywa doradców
Authors:   Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego, Wojtyra-Perlejewska Marta
Published: July 2022

Monografia dotyczy współpracy właścicieli firm rodzinnych z doradcami w procesie sukcesji. Autorka przedstawia w niej dotychczasowy dorobek naukowy podejmujący temat doradztwa organizacyjnego, specyfiki firm rodzinnych oraz doradztwa skierowanego do właścicieli tych firm. Dokonuje również przeglądu literatury w zakresie sukcesji międzypokoleniowej oraz stanowiącej dla niej równorzędną opcję wyboru sukcesji zewnętrznej, która najczęściej rozumiana jest jako sprzedaż firmy rodzinnej. Ważną częścią monografii jest prezentacja wyników badań własnych. Umożliwiły one przybliżenie roli doradców w procesie sukcesji wewnętrznej i zewnętrznej, jak również wskazanie czynników sprzyjających odgrywaniu tej roli i utrudniających je, a także współpracę zewnętrznych ekspertów z nestorami. Ponadto przeprowadzone badania pozwoliły na opracowanie modelu współpracy tych dwóch aktorów w procesie sukcesji. Książka zainteresuje zarówno początkujących doradców, którzy znajdą w niej wskazówki dotyczące przebiegu współpracy z właścicielami firm rodzinnych, jaki i wykwalifikowanych doradców, którzy będą mieli szansę porównać swoje doświadczenia z wynikami badań, co może ich zainspirować do przemyślenia swojego podejścia do procesu doradczego. Właściciele firm rodzinnych zyskają natomiast wiedzę, która ułatwi im zmierzenie się z wyzwaniem, jakim jest sukcesja. Wydanie publikacji zostało dofinansowane ze środków Ministerstwa Edukacji i Nauki przyznanych w ramach programu „Doskonała nauka” na podstawie umowy nr 51512
Prediction of Road Accident Risk for Vehicle Fleet Based on Statistically Processed Tire Wear Model
Authors: PEČELIŪNAS Robertas , ŽURAULIS Vidas , DROŹDZIEL Paweł , PUKALSKAS Saugirdas
Published: July 2022

The goal of the paper is to investigate the impact of tire tread depth on road accident risk and to develop an accident rate prediction model. The state of 4288 vehicle tires using tread depth gauge was inspected and processed statistically. The tread depth of the most worn tire from each vehicle was registered for further analy-sis. Based on the collected data, a statistical tire tread depth model for an insurance company vehicle fleet had been developed. The conformity of the gamma distribu-tion to the data was verified upon applying the Pearson compatibility criterion. The paper provides the histo-grams of the frequencies of tire tread depths and the theoretical curves of the distribution density. The prob-ability of the accident risk depending on the tire tread depth (adaptive risk index) was calculated applying the formed distributions and risk index dependence on the tire tread depth for the inspected vehicle fleet. Accord-ing to the developed prediction model, an upgrade of the regulation for the minimum allowed tire tread depth by 2 mm (up to 3.6 mm) could reduce road accident risk (caused by poor adhesion to road surface) to 19.3% for the chosen vehicle fleet. Such models are useful for road safety experts, insurance companies and accident cost evaluation specialists by predicting expenses related to insurance events.
Time Differential Pricing Model of Urban Rail Transit Considering Passenger Exchange Coefficient
Authors: ZHANG Qiushi , QI Jing , MA Yongtian , ZHAO Jiaxiang , FANG Jianjun
Published: July 2022

Passenger exchange coefficient is a significant factor which has great impact on the pricing model of urban rail transit. This paper introduces passenger exchange coefficient into a bi-level programming model with time differential pricing for urban rail transit by analysing variation regularity of passenger flow characteristics. Meanwhile, exchange cost coefficient is also considered as a restrictive factor in the pricing model. The improved particle swarm optimisation algorithm (IPSO) was ap-plied to solve the model, and simulation results show that the proposed improved pricing model can effectively re-alise stratification of fares for different time periods with different routes. Taking Line 2 and Line 8 of the Beijing rail transit network as an example, the simulation result shows that passenger flows of Line 2 and Line 8 in peak hours decreased by 9.94% and 19.48% and therefore increased by 32.23% and 44.96% in off-peak hours, re-spectively. The case study reveals that dispersing pas-senger flows by means of fare adjustment can effectively drop peak load and increase off-peak load. The time dif-ferential pricing model of urban rail transit proposed in this paper has great influences on dispersing passenger flow and ensures safety operation of urban rail transit. It is also a valuable reference for other metropolitan rail transit operating companies.
Controllable characteristics of interface states in one-dimensional inverted symmetric photonic structures
Authors: Dai Mei-Qin , Zhang Qing-Yue , Zhao Qiu-Ling , Wang Mao-Rong , Wang Xia ,   College of Mathematics and Physics, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China,   Shandong Advanced Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies Engineering Laboratory, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China
Published: July 2022

Using the transfer matrix method, the tunable characteristics of the interface state generated by one-dimensional photonic structure with inversion symmetry are studied, and the samples are prepared by electron beam evaporation technology for experimental verification. According to the different inversion symmetry centers of unit cell, the inverted symmetric layered photonic structures are divided into two types i.e. PCI and PCII. The calculation results show that for the combined structure composed of PCI and PCII, there is an interface state at a characteristic frequency where the sum of the imaginary parts of the surface impedance of PCI and PCII is equal to zero, and this frequency of the interface state is independent of the number of unit cells. On this basis, if a PCI structure is added to form PCI + PCII + PCI photonic structure, two interface states will be generated in the same band gap, and changing the unit cell number in each or part of of individual PCI and PCII structures, the frequencies of two interface states can be regulated. The experimental results show that the regulation of interface state by controlling unit cell number is feasible, which provides a more flexible idea for designing the extremely narrow-band filters and multi-channel filters to meet different application requirements.
Quantum scattering of fermion by gravitational field with Kerr metric
Authors: Guo Jia-Ming , Xue Xun ,   School of Physics and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China,   Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
Published: July 2022

Neutrinoless double beta decay has not been observed so far, and its existence cannot be disproved. Therefore the question whether neutrinos are Majorana particles is still inconclusive. In this paper, we hope to investigate the possibility of distinguishing neutrino fermion types by gravitational fields from the perspective of gravitational scattering of fermions. The Levi-Civita connection is decomposed according to the parity transformation. Under the perturbation therory of gravitational field to fermion quantum scattering and weak gravitational approximation, it is found that the difference between Dirac and Majorana fermion quantum scattering matrix elements of general metric gravitational field comes from similar vector parts under parity transformation; the scattering of the gravitational field on the Kerr metric confirms that the difference in scattering among different types of fermions is related to the angular momentum of the Kerr gravitational source, whose scattering matrix elements are proportional to the square of the product of the mass of the gravitational source and the angular momentum. The above results provide another possible way to distinguish fermion types by gravitational fields.
Evolution mechanism of double-layer heavy gas column interface with sinusoidal disturbance induced by convergent shock wave
Authors: Dang Zi-Han , Zheng Chun , Zhang Huan-Hao , Chen Zhi-Hua ,   National Key Laboratory of Transient Physics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China,   School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
Published: July 2022

Based on Navier-Stokes equations, combining the fifth-order weighted essentially non-oscillatory scheme with the adaptive structured grid refinement technique, the interactions between converging shock and annular SF6 layers with different initial perturbation amplitudes and thickness are numerically investigated. The evolution mechanism of shock structure and interface are revealed in detail, and the variations of the circulation, mixing rate and turbulent kinetic energy are quantitatively analyzed. The dynamic mode decomposition method is used to analyze the dynamic characteristics of the vorticity. The results show that in the case with large initial perturbation amplitude, the transmitted shock wave forms Mach reflection structures both inside and outside of the inner interface of SF6 layer, and multiple shock focusing phenomena occur in the center. After the transmitted shock wave penetrates the outer interface, the circulation increases faster, and the “spike” and “bubble” structure on inner interface develop faster, so that the amplitude of the inner and outer interfaces and the gas mixing rate increase. As for the case with larger thickness of the gas layer, the phase of the transmitted shock wave changes inside the layer, which forms “bubble” at the crest of the inner interface and “spike” at the trough. When the thickness of the gas layer decreases, the crest of the inner interface does not move inside after being impacted, and “spike” and “bubble” are generated in the late stage. The dynamic modes show that the main structure of vorticity and the exchange of positive and negative vorticity on the main structure are determined by the modes with weak growth and low frequency, but the modes with weak growth and high frequency determine rapid exchange of positive and negative vorticity at the interface in the cases with weak coupling effect.
Prevalence of HPV genotypes and assessment of their clinical relevance in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma in a northeastern state of Brazil—a retrospective study
Authors: Brito Charlles , Cossetti Rachel D. , de Souza Diego Agra , Catanha Marcos , de Matos Monteiro Pablo , Vidal Flavia Castello Branco
Published: July 2022

Background

A high prevalence and incidence of head and neck tumors make Brazil the country with the third-highest number of cases of these malignant neoplasms. The main risk factors are smoking and alcohol consumption; however, cases related to the human papillomavirus (HPV) have tripled in number, demonstrating a changing disease profile. Studies have reported the prevalence of HPV in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) to vary between 8% and 83%. The role of HPV as an important causative factor in LSCC remains unclear.

Methods

This retrospective study included 82 patients with LSCC diagnosed between 2014 and 2019 at two oncology hospitals in São Luís, Brazil. Sociodemographic and clinical data, and the histopathologic characteristics of the tumors, were collected directly from medical records. Genetic material was extracted from paraffin-embedded samples using nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and automated sequencing for HPV detection and genotyping. The results by social and clinicopathologic variables were then compared using the chi-squared test and multivariate analysis.

Results

Sociodemographic analysesdemonstrated that most patients were men (87.8%), brown-skinned (75.6%), and resident in the state capital (53.7%). They generally had a poor education status (53.7%), having only an elementary school education (completed/incomplete), and 51.2% were self-employed in occupations such as farming or fishing. Smoking and alcohol consumption habits were observed in approximately half the patients. With respect to clinical characteristics, 39% of patients exhibited T1/T2 staging, 51.2% had no distant metastasis, and 30.5% had lymph node invasion. HPV DNA was detected in half the samples (50%), with the high oncogenic type 16 being the most prevalent. There was no significant relationship observed between the economic, educational, occupational with the HPV LSCC in the presented data, although multivariate analysis demonstrated that HPV DNA was more likely to be present in T3–T4 tumors (p = 0.002).
La fecundidad teológica del pensamiento de Michel de Certeau. Exploraciones en el contexto de la Iglesia chilena
Authors:   Instituto de Teología y Estudios Religiosos (ITER). Universidad Alberto Hurtado. Chile, Álvarez Carlos
Published: July 2022

El presente artículo explora la fecundidad del pensamiento de Michel de Certeau, en el contexto actual del cristianismo y de la Iglesia Católica en Chile. Luego de analizar la peculiaridad de su modo de comprender la teología, con una atención clara a la cultura y a los lenguajes cotidianos, analizamos la pertinencia eclesiológica de su reflexión sobre La fábula mística, en cuanto pensamiento de la crisis. Dicha reflexión nos incita a hacer un trabajo de duelo de los vestigios de cristiandad vía, entre otros, el reconocimiento de la podredumbre institucional. Este trabajo de duelo nos permite asumir un nuevo modo de posicionarnos como cristianos en la sociedad, sin pretensión de hegemonías, viviendo un estilo cristiano marcado por la hospitalidad.
Comparative Evaluation of Three Diagnostic Tools for the Detection of Hepatitis C Virus among High-risk Individuals in a Tertiary Care Centre of Northeast India
Authors: Singh Rajkumar Manojkumar , Huidrom Smeeta , Dutta Shanta , Sadhukhan Provash Chandra , Singh Khumukcham Lokeshwar
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has posed a major public health problem globally. Since majority of HCV infected patients are asymptomatic, diagnosis of HCV infection is mainly based on the detection of anti-HCV antibodies by the Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) or Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) and HCV Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) by real time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) of serum or plasma samples. Aim: To assess the performance of RDT and 4th generation ELISA against real time reverse transcriptase PCR for the detection of HCV. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out in the Virology Section, Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Medical Sciences (JNIMS), Imphal, Manipur, India, for a period of two years from June 2019 to May 2021. The study included 3,254 plasma samples from suspected cases of HCV monoinfection, and HCV/HIV co-infection. The plasma samples were subjected to anti-HCV antibodies by RDT (SD BIOLINE, South Korea) and 4th generation ELISA (Monolisa™ HCV Ag-Ab ULTRA, BioRad, France), and HCV RNA by real time PCR. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics, and performance of the assays was evaluated by using Cohen kappa test (κ) and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: PCR is considered as the gold standard test. HCV was detected by RDT in 453 (13.92%), ELISA in 413 (12.69%) and RT-PCR in 367 (11.28%) samples. The present study demonstrated sensitivity of 97.55% and specificity of 96.71% with Positive Predictive Value (PPV) of 79.03% by HCV-RDT. The 4th generation ELISA showed high sensitivity of 99.46% and specificity of 98.34%. Using ROC curve, the area under the curve was 81% for ELISA with diagnostic accuracy of 98.46%. Conclusion: 4th generation ELISA is more sensitive and specific than RDT for the detection of HCV infection. Confirmatory HCV-RNA assay could be performed to clear doubts related to false-positive and false-negative findings of the primary screening assays.
Quality Evaluation of Garri Produced from Cassava Mash and Soybean Flour
Authors: Okoye J. I. , Ihiasota N. U. , Egbujie A. E.
Published: July 2022

This study was designed specifically to evaluate the chemical composition, functional and sensory properties of garri samples prepared from blends of grated cassava mash and soybean flour. The grated cassava mash and soybean flour were blended in the ratios of 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40 and 50:50, respectively and used to produce soy-garri samples. The samples of soy-garri produced were evaluated for chemical composition, functional and sensory properties using standard methods. The moisture, crude protein, ash, crude fibre and fat contents of the soy-garri samples increased significantly (p<0.05) with increased substitution of soybean flour from 7.19 - 8.92%, 2.64 – 15.10%, 1.25 – 2.64%, 1.65 – 2.82% and 2.37 – 4.32%, while the carbohydrate, energy and cyanide contents decreased from 84.90 – 66.20%, 371.49 – 364.08 KJ/100g and 24.05 – 8.12%, respectively. The mineral content of the samples showed that the calcium, potassium, magnesium, zinc and iron contents of the products ranged from 1.16 – 14.32mg/100g, 3.35 – 18.71mg/100g, 1.17 – 16.37mg/100g, 12.17 – 35.73mg/100g, 1.25 – 12.62mg/100g and 1.61 – 3.90mg/100g, respectively. The control (100% cassava garri) and the sample produced from 50% grated cassava mash and 50% soybean flour had the least and highest values for all the minerals evaluated. The vitamin content of the samples also revealed that the thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, ascorbic acid, vitamin A and vitamin E contents of the products increased significantly (p<0.05) with increased substitution of soybean flour in the samples. The control (100% cassava garri) had the least values for all the vitamins evaluated. The functional properties of the samples also showed significant (p<0.05) increases in bulk density, water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity and solubility index with increased substitution of soybean flour in the products with the exception of swelling and gelation capacities which had least values, respectively. The sensory properties of the samples showed that the control sample was the most acceptable to the panelists and also differed significantly (p<0.05) from the other samples in colour, texture, taste and flavour. Although, the control sample was scored highest in all the parameters evaluated, it recorded least values in nutrient contents and some functional properties compared to the substituted samples. The study, therefore, showed that soybean flour could be used to improve the nutrient contents, bulk density, water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity and solubility index of soy-garri samples.
Serum Levels of Some Nutritional, Hepatic and Renal Markers in Third Trimester Pregnant Women
Authors: Oyediran Oyewale Thomas , Oladiti Rashidat Abidemi , Joseph Gregory Uchechukwu , Iyanda Ayobola Abolape
Published: July 2022

Purpose: Nutritional status, before and during pregnancy, is a strong determinant of health outcomes in the mother and newborn, and can affect the foetal structure, physiology and metabolism. Maternal health, hepato-renal function, as well as calcium and magnesium levels during pregnancy are closely related, and have a great effect on the infant health outcome. The study was aimed at assessing serum levels of some nutritional parameters (total protein, albumin, calcium and magnesium), hepatic (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase) and renal (urea, creatinine) biomarkers and relate them with neonatal birth weight.

Methods/Participants: Forty pregnant women in the third trimester (29 weeks to term) attending antenatal clinics for the first time, at two maternity centres within Osogbo metropolis were recruited as test participants. Forty age-matched, non-pregnant women served as control. Serum obtained from 5 mL of blood was used for the analyses. Inductive Computerized Plasma Emission Spectrometry was used for elemental study. Standard photometric methods were used to assay hepatic and renal parameters. Some pregnancy outcomes were also determined. Data were analyzed using Student’s t test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. P≤ 0.05 was considered significant.

Results: It was revealed that at third trimester some nutritional parameters (total protein, albumin, iron, calcium) were significantly decreased while renal biomarkers and alkaline phosphatase showed significant increase compared with control. Low birth weight but no still birth was observed.

Conclusion: The significant decrease in levels of albumin and some nutritional parameters suggests inadequate nutrient intake of protein and minerals or confirms increased demand commonly linked with pregnancy; and may be a possible cause of low birth weight.
Response of Different Biofertilizers and Zinc Levels on Growth and Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Sasank Sudarsanam Sai , Dawson Joy
Published: July 2022

The study aims to highlights the effect of different biofertilizers and zinc levels on growth and yield of maize (Zea mays. L). The study was conducted during Rabi 2021 at crop Research farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj, (U.P), India. The soil of this experimental plot was sandy loam in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.1), in low organic carbon (0.36%), available N (171.48 kg/ha), available P (15.2kg/ha), available K (232.5 kg/ha). This experiment was performed in Randomised Block Design with nine treatments each replicated thrice on the basis of one-year experimentation. The treatments which are T1: Azospirillum+ZnSo4 10 kg/ha, T2: Azospirillium­+0.1% ZnSo4, T3: Azospirillum+0.2% ZnSo4, T4: Azotobacter + ZnSo4 10 kg/ha, T5: Azotobacter + 0.1% ZnSo4, T6: Azotobacter + 0.2% ZnSo4, T7: Azotobacter + Azospirillum + ZnSo4 10 kg/ha, T8: Azotobacter + Azospirillum + 0.1% ZnSo4, T9: Azotobacter + Azospirillum + 0.2% ZnSo4. The results showed that application of Azotobacter + Azospirillum + 0.2% ZnSo4 was recorded significantly higher Plant height (195.29 cm), Plant dry weight (183.65 g/plant), Whereas significantly highest crop growth rate (5.31 g/m2/day) was recorded with the treatment Azospirillum + ZnSo4 10 kg/ha. Significantly maximum Cobs/plant (2.60), Cob length (27.17 cm), Rows/cob (15.19), Grains/cob (30.16), weight of grains/cob (140.88 g), seed index (230.66), Cob yield (6.33 t/ha), Stover yield (14.30 t/ha), Harvest index (30.67%), Gross returns (Rs.107553.00/ha), Net returns (Rs.71570.00/ha) and Benefit cost ratio (1.99) were obtained with application of Azotobacter + Azospirillum + 0.2% ZnSo4 as compared to other treatments.
Effect of Foliar Application of Plant Growth Regulators on Growth, Yield and Fruit Quality of Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Thunb.)
Authors: Raj Sindam Sanjeev , Singh Devi , Deepanshu .
Published: July 2022

The present investigation entitled “Effect of foliar application of Plant Growth Regulators on Growth, Yield and Fruit Quality of Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus T.)” was conducted at Horticulture Research farm, Department of Horticulture, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj during Zaid season 2021 on watermelon with plant growth regulators viz., NAA (45,60ppm) GA3 (25,50 ppm) and Control (water spray). The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) consisting of 10 treatments with 3 replications. The results concluded that in variety TMWH-2786 with treatments T5(GA3@50ppm) performed superior in the following parameters viz., days to germination (6-7 days) survival percentage (99.5%),  vine length (5.77 m), days to the appearance of the first pistillate flower in 50% of plants (44.7 days), days to first harvest (93.73 days), fruit size in longitudinal shape (28.6 cm), maximum fruit weight (2.26 kg), number of marketable fruits per plant (2.11 fruits), maximum yield per hectare (31.78 tons), fruit diameter (30 cm) and TSS (10.5 ͦ Brix) was recorded.
A Bahia e a Costa da Mina no alvorecer da Segunda Escravidão (c. 1810-1831)
Authors: Silva Júnior Carlos Francisco da
Published: July 2022

Este artigo investiga as relações entre a Bahia e a Costa da Mina no alvorecer da Segunda Escravidão (c. 1810-1831). Apesar do foco historiográfico no Sudeste e no tráfico para a África Centro-Ocidental, a região do Golfo do Benim, na África Ocidental, continuou um importante mercado negreiro atlântico. A partir de 1815, os traficantes baianos desenvolveram estratégias para burlar a repressão antitráfico inglesa. Ao mesmo tempo, os portos africanos de embarque se organizaram para suprir a demanda baiana por cativos. Discute-se a participação de africanos libertos no comércio atlântico ilegal. Embora sua participação seja mais visível a partir da década de 1830, eles já compunham a tripulação das embarcações negreiras como pequenos negociantes e utilizando redes comerciais transoceânicas. Ao fim, reavalia-se números de africanos traficados da Costa da Mina por navios baianos.
Perfil das Bases de Dados Científicas e Tecnológicas Utilizadas por Pesquisadores Brasileiros em Estudos nas áreas de Ciências da Vida
Authors: Santos Jânio Rodrigo , Rocha Angela Machado
Published: July 2022

Entre as atividades realizadas pelos Núcleos de Inovação Tecnológica, a busca por informações científicas e patentárias são consideradas essenciais e fornecem elementos importantes para subsidiar a tomada de decisão em Institutos de Ciência e Tecnologia. Poucos trabalhos encontrados na literatura apresentam orientações de quais bases científicas e tecnológicas são mais indicadas para a realização de estudos nas áreas e nas subáreas inerentes às ciências médicas e biológicas. Portanto, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo mapear as principais bases científicas e tecnológicas que podem ser utilizadas em estudos nas áreas de Ciências da Vida. Tais ferramentas foram identificadas por meio de leitura de campos de título, resumo e metodologia de trabalhos publicados pelas revistas Cadernos de Prospecção, Geintec e pelo CEE. Os resultados indicaram que Espacenet, INPI, Patentscope, USPTO e WoS foram as bases mais utilizadas na realização dos estudos, sugerindo sua utilização na recuperação de documentos das áreas acima especificadas.
RNA polymerase efficiently transcribes through DNA‐scaffolded, cooperative bacteriophage repressor complexes
Authors: Lu Yue , Voros Zsuzsanna , Borjas Gustavo , Hendrickson Cristin , Shearwin Keith , Dunlap David , Finzi Laura
Published: July 2022

DNA can act as a scaffold for the cooperative binding of protein oligomers. For example, the phage 186 CI repressor forms a wheel of seven dimers wrapped in DNA with specific binding sites, while phage λ CI repressor dimers bind to two well‐separated sets of operators, forming a DNA loop. Atomic force microscopy was used to measure transcription elongation by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase (RNAP) through these protein complexes. 186 CI, or λ CI, bound along unlooped DNA negligibly interfered with transcription by RNAP. Wrapped and looped topologies induced by these scaffolded, cooperatively bound repressor oligomers did not form significantly better roadblocks to transcription. Thus, despite binding with high affinity, these repressors are not effective roadblocks to transcription.
Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell‐Derived Exosomes Attenuate Myocardial Infarction Injury via miR‐24‐3p‐Promoted M2 Macrophage Polarization
Authors: Zhu Feng , Chen Yihuan , Li Jingjing , Yang Ziying , Lin Yang , Jiang Boxuan , Shao Lianbo , Hu Shengshou , Shen Zhenya
Published: July 2022

Exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UMSC‐Exos) have shown encouraging effects in regulating inflammation and attenuating myocardial injury. Macrophages are regulated dynamically in response to environmental cues. However, the underlying mechanisms by which UMSC‐Exos regulate macrophage polarization are still not well understood. Herein, it is aimed to explore the effects of UMSC‐Exos on macrophage polarization and their roles in cardiac repair after myocardial infarction (MI). These results show that UMSC‐Exos improve cardiac function by increasing M2 macrophage polarization and reducing excessive inflammation. RNA‐sequencing results identify Plcb3 as a key gene involved in UMSC‐Exo‐facilitated M2 macrophage polarization. Further bioinformatic analysis identifies exosomal miR‐24‐3p as a potential effector mediating Plcb3 downregulation in macrophages. Increasing miR‐24‐3p expression in macrophages effectively enhances M2 macrophage polarization by suppressing Plcb3 expression and NF‐κB pathway activation in the inflammatory environment. Furthermore, reducing miR‐24‐3p expression in UMSC‐Exos attenuates the effects of UMSC‐Exos on M2 macrophage polarization. This study demonstrates that the cardiac therapeutic effects of UMSC‐Exos are at least partially through promoting M2 macrophage polarization in an inflammatory microenvironment. Mechanistically, exosomal miR‐24‐3p is found to inhibit Plcb3 expression and NF‐κB pathway activation to promote M2 macrophage polarization.
Optimizing eRF1 to Enable the Genetic Encoding of Three Distinct Noncanonical Amino Acids in Mammalian Cells
Authors: Shi Ningning , Tong Le , Lin Haishuang , Zheng Zhetao , Zhang Haoran , Dong Liangzhen , Yang Yuelin , Shen Yuxuan , Xia Qing
Published: July 2022

Site‐specific incorporation of distinct noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs) into proteins via genetic code expansion in mammalian cells represents a new avenue for protein engineering. Reassigning three TAGs with the same ncAA in mammalian cells has previously been achieved using translational machinery. However, simultaneous recoding of three nonsense codons with distinct ncAAs in mammalian cells remains a challenge due to low incorporation efficiencies. Here, three optimized aaRS/tRNA pairs (i.e., the E. coli‐derived tyrosyl (EcTyr)/tRNAUUA, E. coli‐derived leucyl (EcLeu)/tRNACUA, and Methanosarcina mazei pyrrolysyl (MmPyl)/tRNAUCA pairs) are screened for ncAA incorporation. Furthermore, introduced combinations of eukaryotic release factor 1 (eRF1) mutants (E55R, E55D, N129D, and Y125F) significantly improve the encoding efficiency of the three premature stop codons’ sites from 0.78% to 11.6%. Thus, site‐specific incorporation of three distinct ncAAs into a single protein is achieved in this study. This work markedly expands the potential for multiple site‐specific protein modifications within mammalian cells, thereby facilitating new in vivo applications.
Effective Passivation with Size‐Matched Alkyldiammonium Iodide for High‐Performance Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Sanwan , Guan Xinyu , Xiao Wenshan , Chen Rui , Zhou Jing , Ren Fumeng , Wang Jianan , Chen Weitao , Li Sibo , Qiu Longbin , Zhao Yan , Liu Zonghao , Chen Wei
Published: July 2022

Organic ammonium salts have been widely used for defect passivation to suppress nonradiative charge recombination in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, they are prone to form undesirable in‐plane favored 2D perovskites with poor charge transport capability that hamper device performance. Herein, the defects passivation role of alkyldiammonium including 1.6‐hexamethylenediamine dihydriodide (HDAI2), 1,3‐propanediamine dihydriodide (PDAI2), and 1.4‐butanediamine dihydriodide (BDAI2) for formamidinium‐cesium perovskite is systematically investigated. With help of density functional theory (DFT) calculations, BDA with suitable size can synergistically passivate two defect sites on perovskite surfaces, showing the best defect passivation effect among the above three alkyldiammonium salts. Perovskite films based on BDAI2 modification are found to keep the 3D perovskite phase with considerably reduced trap‐state density, and enhanced carrier extraction. As a result, the BDAI2‐modified devices deliver impressive efficiencies of 23.1% and 20.9% for inverted PSCs on the rigid and flexible substrates, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding encapsulated rigid devices maintain 92% of the initial efficiency after operating under continuous 1‐sun illumination with the maximum power point tracking for 1000 h. Furthermore, the mechanical flexibility of the BDAI2‐modified flexible device is also improved due to the release of residual stress.