bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Visual representation of knowledge about the clinical signs of lysosomal storage diseases
Authors:   Federal Research Center “Computer Science and Control”, Russian Academy of Sciences, Titova E. V.
Published: October 2020

The article discusses the representation of information on lysosomal storage diseases to support the process of diagnostic decisions in childhood. This hereditary pathology refers to rare (orphan) diseases that are difficult to recognize and without timely appropriate therapy has a negative effect on the quality and expectancy of life. The article analyzes information sources for 16 nosological units from this group. Using the methods of knowledge engineering, information about the identified clinical manifestations is represented in the form of visual portraits (mind map) for diagnostics diseases and improvement qualification of pediatricians.
The Correlation between Students’ Ethnic Identity and Self-Presentation in Interpersonal Communication in Different Cultural Groups
Authors: Казаренков В.И. , Карнелович М.М.
Published: October 2020

Проблема межкультурного взаимодействия приобретает особую актуальность в связи с процессом интернационализации высшего образования. В ситуации межличностного взаимодействия студенты — представители разных культур являются субъектами самопрезентации их этнической идентичности.
В связи с высокой прикладной значимостью проблемы эффективного и толерантного взаимодействия студентов в условиях поликультурной образовательной среды была выдвинута и подвергнута эмпирической проверке гипотеза о связи этнической идентичности и самопрезентации студентов, являющихся представителями разных культурных групп — русской, белорусской, туркменской и индийской.
Цель работы — эмпирически выявить специфические особенности взаимосвязи типа этнической идентичности и тактик самопрезентации у студентов разных культурных групп в межличностном взаимодействии.
В исследовании определены содержание и направленность связи между типами этнической идентичности — позитивной, нигилистичной, индифферентной, фанатичной, эгоистичной — с защитными и ассертивными стратегиями самопредъявления студентов.
Предлагается обзор программы тренинга самопрезентации, направленного на коррекцию неадаптивных способов самопредъявления и формирование эффективных стратегий самопрезентации студентов в межличностном взаимодействии с представителями иных культурных групп.
Результаты исследования представляют интерес для специалистов в области кросс-культурной коммуникации, этнической психологии и психологии личности.

The issue of intercultural communication is gaining relevance because of the process of higher education internationalization. In situations of interpersonal communication, students, representatives of different cultures, define themselves and their ethnic identity.
The investigation of students’ efficient and tolerant interaction in the conditions of multicultural learning environments enables the authors of the research to put forward a hypothesis that students’ ethnic identity is closely related to their self-presentation in multicultural groups (Russian, Belorussian, Turkmen, and Indian).
The aim of the research is to empirically single out some specific peculiarities of students’ ethnic identity and self-presentation strategies in interpersonal communication.
The research defines the content and the interconnection between ethnic identity — positive, nihilist, indifferent, fanatical, selfish — and protective and assertive strategies of students’ self-presentation.
The article presents an overview of a self-presentation training course aimed at the correction of nonadaptive means of self-presentation and the formation of efficient strategies of self-presentation in interpersonal communication with representatives of other cultural groups.
The results of the research may be useful for specialists in the sphere of cross-cultural communication, ethnic psychology and personal psychology.
Social Determinants and Models of Efficient Socialization of Orphaned or Abandoned Children, Orphanage Leavers, in the European Union and in the USA
Authors: Шильцова Ю.В.
Published: October 2020

В статье рассмотрена актуальная проблема современного общества — эффективная социализация детей-сирот и детей, оставшихся без попечительства родителей. Указаны основные детерминанты эффективной социализации сирот — выпускников интернатов и детских домов и представлен аналитический обзор моделей работы с ними в странах Европейского союза и США.
Описан опыт различных стран по поиску наиболее эффективных путей помощи сиротам при подготовке их к самостоятельной жизни, в частности особенности их социализации в приемных и фостерных семьях, детских деревнях, «деревнях-SOS», «семейных домах», а также у принимающих опекунов и религиозных организаций.
Ознакомление с опытом работы разных стран, анализ и обобщение разных моделей устройства детей-сирот и детей, оставшихся без попечения родителей, призваны помочь определить современные тенденции в работе по защите прав таких детей и использовать этот опыт для совершенствования стратегий социальной политики нашей страны в вопросах социальной защиты сирот, а также интеграции ресурсов разных составляющих современного общества и объединения усилий в реализации международных программ по их эффективной социализации в современных условиях.

The article focuses on a relevant issue of modern society, namely the efficient socialization of orphaned children and children left without parental care. The article discusses the major determinants of orphanage leavers’ efficient socialization. It analyzes the strategies employed to work with such children in the European Union and in the USA.
The article describes the experiences of different countries in searching for effective strategies of preparing orphaned and abandoned children to independent life through socialization in foster family homes, in children’s villages, in SOS children’s villages, in foster homes, in foster homes provided by religious organizations.
The analysis of experiences of different countries, the generalization of various care strategies focusing on orphaned and abandoned children enables one to improve strategies of Russian social policy aimed at providing social protection to orphaned children and abandoned children, to integrate various resources available to modern communities, and to unite efforts for the implementation of international programs aimed at effective socialization in modern conditions.
The Negative RT-PCR Test is Enough to Rule Out Covıd-19 in Cancer Patients or Not? Covıd-19 or Not?
Authors: Esen SA , Bal O , Algın E , Acıkgoz Y , Dirikoc M , Ucar G , Damgacı L , Ergun Y , Esen I , Bodur H , Uncu D
Published: October 2020

At the end of 2019, a new coronavirus pneumonia turned into an epidemic in China and then spread to other countries around the world. This disease was identified as the COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) disease. SARS-CoV-2 RNA is detected by Reverse-Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). A positive test for SARS-CoV-2 may confirm the diagnosis of COVID-19, but the results of false negativity and false positivity can be confusing. This article describes the negative COVID-19 RNA RT-PCR test results of four cancer patients with symptoms/clinical findings suggestive of COVID-19 and also computed tomography findings consistent with viral pneumonia.
UNIVERSITY STARTUPS. CONCEPT OF DEVELOPMENT OF BUSINESS INCUBATORS AND ACCELERATORS IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Uralov A. A. , Gushchina A. A.
Published: October 2020

Происходящая цифровая трансформация, рождение новых рынков, современные технологические тренды и вызовы, ими определяемые, усиливают запрос на выработку системных инструментов и подходов в сфере стартапов. Одним из ключевых сегментов российской экосистемы стартапов являются «стартапы вуза». Многие эксперты определяют вузы как пространство возможностей для появления высокотехнологичных предпринимателей, как источник молодежного предпринимательства. Рабочей группой на федеральном уровне прорабатывалась дорожная карта студенческого технологического предпринимательства. Один из подходов которой – «стартап как диплом» — начал пилотно внедряться рядом высших учебных заведений, получив поддержку на уровне Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации. В монографии «Стартапы университета. Концепция развития бизнес-инкубаторов и акселераторов в высших учебных заведениях Российской Федерации» авторы структурированно и концентрированно представили «основные принципы» в основе формирования работающего стартап-сектора вузов, когда вуз выступает в роли инвестора через предоставление сервисной и ресурсной поддержки инновационным и высокотехнологичным проектам для их коммерческой успешности. Книга обозначена как «концепция», так как формирует пространство терминов, понятий, подходов, механизмов для выстраивания системной работы по созданию и развитию стартап-проектов в университетской среде.
Assessing Anas’ Methodology of Undercover Investigative Journalism in the Light of the Doctrine of Free Will
Authors: Boaheng Isaac
Published: October 2020

Corruption is a major problem in the world but more so in Africa. Different efforts have been put in place to curb this social problem but corruption still persists. In Ghana, investigative journalist Anas Aremeyaw Anas has joined the fight against corruption and has made various revelations that have helped the government and the general populace in one way or the other. Anas’ methodology has however attracted various comments from the general public concerning how ethical this approach could be. This article aims at assessing the investigative journalism methodology used by Ghanaian undercover investigative journalist Anas Aremeyaw Anas in the light of the doctrine of free will to determine if this methodology is a breach of free will or not. Analyzing data extracted from articles, books, and others, the paper concludes that the choice of Anas’ victims to involve themselves in corrupt practices is done out of their own free will and hence they are fully responsible for their decisions.
The Separation and Hα Contrasts of Massive Accreting Planets in the Gaps of Transitional Disks: Predicted Hα Protoplanet Yields for Adaptive Optics Surveys
Authors: Close Laird M.
Published: October 2020

We present a massive accreting gap planet model that ensures large gaps in transitional disks are kept dust free by the scattering action of three coplanar quasi-circular planets in a 1:2:4 mean motion resonance (MMR). This model uses the constraint of the observed gap size, and the dust-free nature of the gap, to determine within ∼10% the possible orbits for three massive planets in an MMR. Calculated orbits are consistent with the observed orbits and Hα emission (the brightest line to observe these planets) for LkCa 15 b, PDS 70 b, and PDS 70 c within observational errors. Moreover, the model suggests that the scarcity of detected Hα planets is likely a selection effect of the current limitations of non-coronagraphic, low (<10%) Strehl, Hα imaging with adaptive optics (AO) systems used in past Hα surveys. We predict that as higher Strehl AO systems (with high-performance custom coronagraphs; like the 6.5 m Magellan Telescope MagAO-X system) are utilized at Hα, the number of detected gap planets will substantially increase by more than tenfold. For example, we show that >25 ± 5 new Hα “gap planets” are potentially discoverable by a survey of the best 19 transitional disks with MagAO-X. Detections of these accreting protoplanets will significantly improve our understanding of planet formation, planet growth and accretion, solar system architectures, and planet–disk interactions.
Mitigation of LEO Satellite Brightness and Trail Effects on the Rubin Observatory LSST
Authors: Tyson J. Anthony , Ivezić Željko , Bradshaw Andrew , Rawls Meredith L. , Xin Bo , Yoachim Peter , Parejko John , Greene Jared , Sholl Michael , Abbott Timothy M. C. , Polin Daniel
Published: October 2020

We report studies on the mitigation of optical effects of bright low-Earth-orbit (LEO) satellites on Vera C. Rubin Observatory and its Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST). These include options for pointing the telescope to avoid satellites, laboratory investigations of bright trails on the Rubin Observatory LSST camera sensors, algorithms for correcting image artifacts caused by bright trails, experiments on darkening SpaceX Starlink satellites, and ground-based follow-up observations. The original Starlink v0.9 satellites are g ∼ 4.5 mag, and the initial experiment “DarkSat” is g ∼ 6.1 mag. Future Starlink darkening plans may reach g ∼ 7 mag, a brightness level that enables nonlinear image artifact correction to well below background noise. However, the satellite trails will still exist at a signal-to-noise ratio ∼ 100, generating systematic errors that may impact data analysis and limit some science. For the Rubin Observatory 8.4 m mirror and a satellite at 550 km, the full width at half maximum of the trail is about 3″ as the result of an out-of-focus effect, which helps avoid saturation by decreasing the peak surface brightness of the trail. For 48,000 LEOsats of apparent magnitude 4.5, about 1% of pixels in LSST nautical twilight images would need to be masked.
Interaction of Magnetic Fields with a Vortex Tube at Solar Subgranular Scale
Authors: Fischer C. E. , Vigeesh G. , Lindner P. , Borrero J. M. , Calvo F. , Steiner O.
Published: October 2020

Using high-resolution spectropolarimetric data recorded with the Swedish 1 m Solar Telescope, we have identified several instances of granular lanes traveling into granules. These are believed to be the observational signature of underlying tubes of vortical flow with their axis oriented parallel to the solar surface. Associated with these horizontal vortex tubes, we detect in some cases a significant signal in linear polarization, located at the trailing dark edge of the granular lane. The linear polarization appears at a later stage of the granular lane development, and is flanked by patches of circular polarization. Stokes inversions show that the elongated patch of linear polarization signal arises from the horizontal magnetic field aligned with the granular lane. We analyze snapshots of a magnetohydrodynamic numerical simulation and find cases in which the horizontal vortex tube of the granular lane redistributes and transports the magnetic field to the solar surface causing a polarimetric signature similar to what is observed. We thus witness a mechanism capable of transporting magnetic flux to the solar surface within granules. This mechanism is probably an important component of the small-scale dynamo supposedly acting at the solar surface and generating the quiet-Sun magnetic field.
Prognostic impact of Additional Chromosomal Abnormalities in Egyptian Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients
Authors: ElNahass Yasser H. , Assem Magda M. , Saber Magdy M. , Abdalla Sarah K. , Mahmoud Hossam K. , ElRefaey Fatma A.
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND: Emergence of additional chromosomal abnormalities (ACAs) in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is associated with disease progression to advanced phases and reflects the genetic instability of CML.
AIM: Is to evaluate the frequency of ACAs in chronic phase (CP) and advanced disease (AP) CML patients and study their impact on patient’s outcome, overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS).
RESULTS: The studied group (n = 73) included 31 males (43%) and 42 females (57%). Median age of patients at diagnosis was 37 years (17–76). Median TLC was 208×109/L (2.1–784.2), median Hb was 9.4 g/dL (5.7–13), and median platelets count was 290.5×109/L (13–1271). We identified 32 patients (44%) with ACAs. ACAs emergence was significantly associated with advanced phases of CML (13/21, 62%) compared to CP (19/52, 36%) (p = 0.048). ACAs were associated with lower median OS and EFS in CP compared to AP (38 vs. 120 ms) and (58.3 vs. 77 ms) (p = 0.026 and p = 0.065, respectively). Early molecular responders (6/17, 35%) at 3 months, and 6 months (10/26, 38%) developed ACAs less than nonoptimal responders. Disease phase, hepatomegaly and bone marrow eosinophilia were significant predictors of OS (p < 0.001, p = 0.02, p = 0.04, respectively).
CONCLUSION: Early identification of ACAs in Ph+ metaphases at diagnosis and during therapy predicts CML outcome. ACAs emergence occurred at a higher frequency and at a younger age in our CML patients and are related to inferior EFS and OS.
A Semi-quantitative Approach Development for Risk-based Inspection in a Petrochemical Plant
Authors: Eskandari Davood , Charkhand Hossein , Gholami Abdollah
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND: Recently, oil and gas industries have focused on risk-based methods to specifically compile inspection, maintenance, and management strategies worldwide.
AIM: The provided method in this study is a management tool to recognize and then prioritize the equipment’s risks and, consequently, propose an inspection plan based on these risks. In fact, it is a risk analysis aspect of an inspection plan for industrial equipment.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study is performed on de-ethanizer unit, considering variety of process equipment including distillation tower, exchanger, pressure vessel, drum, and related piping. To initiate the study, first, the risk-based inspection (RBI) team formed, then all required data were gathered and 22 equipment were identified based on the method.
RESULTS: After RBI be performed and risks are estimated, 13.6% of equipment rated on high risk, 63.63% rated on medium risk, and 22.72% rated on low-risk classification. Based on specific risk criteria for equipment, we determined new parameters as inspection level and type of inspection and finally integrated them. As one of the obtained results, the overhaul maintenance of the unit was postponed to a later time and for equipment that should inspect before this year, reduction risk strategy and advance none distractive test defined, and their inspection time also postpone to 2015 from 2012 to 2013.
CONCLUSION: This decision results in saving a shutdown cost, inspection cost, reduction of failure, and increasing of equipment reliability factor. The result of this study will be helpful to assist similar industries improving their risk management plans.
Workplace Stretching Exercise toward Reduction Job Burnout among Workers Pt. X International, Indonesia
Authors: Wahyu Atjo , Stang Stang , Russeng Syamsiar , Salmah Andi Ummu , Dahlan Nur Alam , Mallongi Anwar , Restu Muhammad
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND: Occupational safety and health are health sciences that are applied through work and the work environment to obtain the highest degree of health both physically, mentally, and socially through preventive and curative efforts in the workplace. The emergence of work fatigue in workers is evidence of a decrease in bodily functions caused by both individual factors and the work environment so that precautions are needed.
AIM: This study aimed to see the effect of workplace stretching exercise on work fatigue in workers at PT. X International, Indonesia.
METHODS: This study used a quasi-experimental study with one group pre-test and post-test design. Respondents were 30 people selected by purposive sampling and met the study inclusion criteria. The provision of workplace stretching exercises was carried out for 15 working days and is given every 10 am after workers work for 2 h.
RESULTS: The mean of work fatigue before intervention (pre-test) is 454.8133 and the average work fatigue after an intervention (post-test) is 321.9133 so that there are differences in the average work fatigue before and after the intervention.
CONCLUSION: Workplace stretching exercise intervention affects reducing work fatigue in production workers of PT. X International Indonesia.
Polymerase Chain Reaction Multiplication for the Detection of Bacterial Isolates Causing Neonatal Sepsis
Authors: Suryani Utari Hartati , Rezano Andri , Sribudiani Yunia
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND: Neonatal sepsis is a clinical syndrome caused by the presence of bacteria in the blood accompanied by symptoms and systemic signs of infection that occurs in the first 4 weeks of life after birth. The process of identifying pathogenic microorganisms is essential in determining the clinical condition in neonatal sepsis.
AIM: The study was aimed to develop a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method to identify bacterial isolates that cause neonatal sepsis in Indonesia with the main target of optimization of an initial design and PCR optimization.
METHODS: This research is an explorative in vitro study for the optimization of an initial design and PCR methods for the detection of the main bacteria that cause sepsis neonatorum in Indonesia, namely, bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The study was conducted at the Biomolecular Laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.
RESULTS: Sequencing carried out and continued with Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) sequencing results, it appears that the PCR product that has been produced conforms with the optimization targets that were previously set when doing the primer design. The level of homology found in all four species based on the results of BLAST in a sequence is as follows: K. pneumoniae 94%, P. aeruginosa 99%, E. cloacae 100%, and E. coli 100%.
CONCLUSION: PCR multiplex method using design primers and conventional PCR analysis methods (using agarose gel) can be used to detect four species of bacteria that cause neonatal sepsis, namely, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, E. cloacae, and E. coli.
First record of the subfamily Epitraninae from Saudi Arabia (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Chalcididae), with the description of three new species
Authors: Gadallah Neveen S. , Soliman Ahmed M. , Al Dhafer Hathal M.
Published: October 2020

The monotypic subfamily Epitraninae Burks, 1936 (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea, Chalcididae) is reported for the first time in Saudi Arabia. SevenEpitranusspecies are recorded in the Southwestern and Central regions of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, of which three species are new:E. delvareiSoliman & Gadallah,sp. nov.(female & male),E. similisGadallah & Soliman,sp. nov.(male), andE. subinopsSoliman & Gadallah,sp. nov.(female), are described and illustrated. Four new records,E. clavatus(Fabricius),E. hamonicomplex,E. inopsSteffan, andE. torymoides(Risbec), are also reported. An illustrated key to species is provided.
Les voies institutionnelles du dialogue eurolatino-américain, 1964-1979
Authors: Henry-Ducos Clémentine
Published: October 2020

Entre 1964 et 1979, les Communautés européennes (Communauté économique européenne et Communauté européenne du charbon et de l’acier) commencent à établir des liens avec des groupements de pays en Asie, au Moyen-Orient et surtout en Amérique latine. L’objectif est de comprendre comment ont émergé les relations entre les Communautés européennes et les pays (ou groupements régionaux) d’Amérique latine, malgré un contexte politique complexe de part et d’autre de l’Atlantique, et comment un dialogue interrégional s’est mis en place dans les années 1970.
Les expériences combattantes en Afghanistan comme objet d’histoire orale
Authors: Maillot Gauthier
Published: October 2020

Une importante partie des régiments d’infanterie de l’armée de Terre a été projetée en Afghanistan dans le cadre de l’opération Pamir entre 2001 et 2014. Cet engagement des plus intenses laisse des traces sur ces hommes. Il s’agit de mieux comprendre comment l’historien peut analyser ces traces et les utiliser comme des sources.
Quand les Français s’engagent pour la Pologne. Retour sur un aspect central des relations franco-polonaises dans la première moitié du XX e siècle
Authors: Desurmont Kevin
Published: October 2020

L’engagement polonophile français est un fait central pour appréhender les relations franco-polonaises au xx e  siècle. Marqué par le tournant de la renaissance de la Pologne en 1918, il ne cesse au cours du xx e  siècle, et au gré des contextes, de se réinventer en innovant ou en puisant dans une histoire déjà riche de la polonophilie française. Le présent article met en lumière l’évolution complexe de cet engagement en s’intéressant à ses acteurs et à ses manifestations des années 1910 aux années 1960.
De l’engagement français en Tchécoslovaquie. L’exemple de l’association Jan Hus dans les années 1980
Authors: Derouet Ninon
Published: October 2020

Dans les années 1980, pour continuer à faire vivre une université libre malgré la censure que les autorités tchécoslovaques imposent, des intellectuels tchèques dispensent des leçons de philosophie privées dans leurs appartements. Alertés par leur situation, quelques Français fondent l’association Jan Hus en 1981 afin de les soutenir. Ainsi, ils se rendent régulièrement en Tchécoslovaquie pour participer aux séminaires, mais aussi pour soutenir matériellement leurs collègues. Cet article vise à éclairer l’engagement de ces Français pour une cause à l’époque méconnue.
L’artiste équatorien (1925-1963). Rencontres, destinations, circulations et expériences artistiques
Authors: Villacrés Morales Rafaela
Published: October 2020

L’analyse se concentre sur la figure de l’artiste au-delà de son rôle créatif et artistique. Il cherche à comprendre en quoi l’artiste participe activement aux débats contemporains et quelles décisions il prend. À travers l’étude de plusieurs exemples d’artistes équatoriens, on entend reconstituer les flux, les réseaux et les échanges produits lors des voyages à l’étranger notamment aux États-Unis et en Europe. On cherche ainsi à comprendre l’importance et les effets de ces circulations à l’échelle nationale et individuelle.
« La Bolivar-mania ». Pénétration culturelle et appropriation française d’une figure de l’émancipation hispano-américaine dans la société de Louis XVIII
Authors: Revillot Quentin
Published: October 2020

Alors que la France est depuis 1815 une monarchie bourbonienne, l’opposition libérale se saisit de la guerre d’indépendance hispano-américaine. Guerre de libération, elle est appropriée par les libéraux et la société bourgeoise parisienne qui y voient un lien avec la situation française. Simon Bolivar, devenu président du Venezuela en 1819, fit l’objet d’une attention toute particulière : une « Bolivar-mania » qui laissa son empreinte dans les mémoires.
Gouverner les colons en Nouvelle Russie. Théories et pratiques de l’administration coloniale dans le sud de l’Empire tsariste (1803-1814)
Authors: Lavenant Meryl
Published: October 2020

Au début du xix e  siècle, un Français, le duc de Richelieu, devient gouverneur-général d’une région récemment intégrée à l’Empire russe : la Nouvelle Russie. Dans cet espace, il cherche, avec le responsable de l’administration coloniale, Samouil Kontenius, à mettre en œuvre une politique de peuplement de la région, en établissant des colonies agricoles de colons étrangers.
Morfología del cráneo de Inia geoffrensis humboldtiana Pilleri & Gihr, 1977 (Cetacea: Iniidae): un análisis morfométrico y taxonómico
Authors: Cañizales Israel
Published: October 2020

La morfología y anatomía de las dos subespecies actuales de Inia geoffrensis (Blainville, 1817) son muy similares. Debido a esto varios investigadores han evaluado la validez taxonómica de éstas. Con el fin de proporcionar información adicional para aclarar esta situación, se analizó la forma, el aspecto externo y las proporciones en 20 cráneos del delfín del río Orinoco, Inia geoffrensis humboldtiana Pilleri & Gihr, 1977. Para el análisis morfométrico, se seleccionaron 28 caracteres anatómicos más el recuento del número de alvéolos dentales. Todos los valores obtenidos en este estudio fueron analizados y comparados utilizando estadística univariada y multivariada con los datos publicados de Inia geoffrensis geoffrensis (Blainville, 1817). Tanto la “forma” como el “tamaño” del cráneo son componentes importantes de la diferenciación morfológica entre I. g. humboldtiana e I. g. geoffrensis. El análisis de la morfología craneal permitió identificar 10 caracteres que diferencian a I. g. humboldtiana de las demás subespecies y especies del género. Los análisis univariantes y multivariantes demostraron claras diferencias en la morfología craneal. La región facial concentra el 45,46% de esta variación y la región del cráneo presenta el 54,54%. 60,00% de las variables relacionadas directamente con la función de alimentación, en I. g. humboldtiana son más pequeñas que en I. g. geoffrensis. Mientras que el 24,00% de las variables asociadas a la configuración del cráneo presentan valores medios más altos. Para evaluar la diferenciación de cada subespecie se utilizó el análisis discriminante. El porcentaje de clasificación correcta por funciones discriminantes fue del 62,16%. La variación obtenida en este estudio permite sugerir que en I. g. humboldtiana las variables craneales han sido modificadas posiblemente como respuesta a presiones selectivas de tipo ambiental y ecológico. A pesar de cierta superposición, los resultados revelan suficientes pruebas para afirmar que las subespecies geoffrensis y humboldtiana son manifiestamente diferentes. Por lo tanto, y con base en las diferencias morfológicas y genéticas que existen entre estos taxones, se recomienda que el Inia del Orinoco sea considerado como una especie distinta o independiente.
Chatbot Kim: A Digital Tutor on AI. How Advanced Dialog Design Creates Better Conversational Learning Experiences
Authors: Kowald Cäcilie , Bruns Beate
Published: October 2020

Conversational user interfaces, aka chatbots, offer new ways of interaction that can be used not only for task-led applications, but also for learning itself. Still, most conversational learning applications offer a predominantly one-directional dialog – either bot-led, with the user only confirming, or user-led, with the bot answering questions, but not going beyond. In contrast to these common approaches, learnbot Kim by time4you [1] not only conveys information, but wraps it in an equally entertaining and instructive chat, combining pre-defined dialog turns with a flexible dialog management. This article explains the design decisions made during the dialog development process and the underlying reasons. After having read this text, you will have a better idea of how dialog in conversational learning can be modeled to allow for a more natural conversational experience.
Babbel Language Learning Podcasts
Authors: Sporn Zachary , Chanter Julia , Meehan Daniel
Published: October 2020

Winner of the 2020 IELA E-Learning Award in the category Mobile Learning, Babbel’s slate of language learning podcasts provide innovative audio learning experiences, designed and hosted by linguistic experts. This article describes the pedagogical method and expertise behind Babbel's podcasts along with some best practices for creating effective audio-based learning experiences.
María Laffitte: La resistencia desde el pensamiento feminista
Authors: Barrera López Begoña
Published: October 2020

La escritora María Laffitte desarrolló una amplia obra dedicada a cuestionar lo “femenino” desde nuevas perspectivas teóricas que escapasen a la normativa de género imperante durante el régimen franquista. Durante cuatro décadas, Laffitte desarrolló un pensamiento singular fruto de la convergencia entre importantes corrientes filosóficas de su tiempo y su propia experiencia vital.
El potencial político del gesto: Una introducción a ZAJ a través de sus propuestas
Authors: Luna Delgado Diego
Published: October 2020

El grupo artístico español ZAJ, activo entre 1964 y 1996, es hoy un ejemplo paradigmático de la manera en que fue posible el desarrollo de ciertas formas de resistencia política contra los estrictos y represivos parámetros culturales del franquismo. Una breve aproximación a los novedosos espacios intermedios de expresión que el colectivo desarrollase (música de acción, arte postal, derivas urbanas, etc.) revela el potencial político de un arte basado en el desmantelamiento de las fronteras formales y conceptuales.
Resistencias de una variedad lingüística en peligro: estructura, usos y representaciones del criollo limonense (Costa Rica)
Authors: Dudreuil Lucie
Published: October 2020

Hoy en día el Atlas Unesco de las lenguas del mundo en peligro clasifica el inglés criollo limonense hablado en Costa Rica como “lengua seriamente en peligro”. Una de las peculiaridades de este código es que su lengua lexificadora es el inglés en un país hispanohablante. A partir de finales del siglo XIX los hablantes de esta variedad lingüística mixta, calificada en este artículo de “rizomática”, desarrollaron estrategias de resistencia conscientes o inconscientes en un contexto sociohistórico más o menos favorable. Este acercamiento teórico sacado del pensamiento de los filósofos franceses Gilles Deleuze et Félix Guattari permite ahondar el estudio de la resistencia lingüística saliendo de la oposición binaria entre lengua dominante y lengua dominada y preguntarse si las propuestas poéticas que surgen en inglés criollo limonense a partir de finales del siglo XX no serían nuevas manifestaciones de esta resistencia lingüística: una vía posible para perpetuar el uso de esta variedad en peligro de extinción.
The Challenge of Building Communities About PBL Supervision
Authors: Hüttel Hans , Gnaur Dorina
Published: October 2020

Problem-based learning (PBL) is central to the degree programmes at Aalborg University (AAU), but if one is a member of the teaching faculty with a degree from another institution, it is unlikely that one is familiar with PBL. In this chapter, the authors describe the development of an ongoing experiences with PBL Exchange, a web-based platform whose goal is to facilitate the transfer and development of knowledge and skills within PBL project supervision by means of a web-based crowdsourcing approach that makes it easy to exchange and discuss one's specific problems and experience with project supervision. The goal was to build a new community of practice from a network of practice, but this has turned out to be difficult. The authors discuss and analyze their experiences and suggest technical and social developments that may be able to facilitate the creation of community of practice.
Vocational Education Paradigm Transformation Through Information Technology
Authors: Zhao Jingyuan
Published: October 2020

The advancement in information technology has transformed the world. There has been a tremendous impact of information technology on contemporary vocational education. This chapter highlights the impact of information technology on vocational education paradigm in China. In general, education paradigm has gone through three stages: empirical imitation education, computer-aided education, and data-driven education. China's vocational education is experiencing a transformation of paradigm from teaching support to learning support. This work is focused on how to construct a learning support paradigm in China's vocational education system through information technology. The Open University of China creating an innovative approach to learning support paradigm is discussed and three key elements of strategy for constructing a learning support paradigm of vocational education through information technology are presented in the chapter.
A educação do campo no contexto da luta do movimento social
Authors: Silva André Luiz Batista da
Published: October 2020

O artigo que se apresenta resulta de pesquisa de doutoramento, concluída em 2018, e tem como objetivo expor a análise acerca da Educação do Campo no contexto das lutas do Movimento Nacional da Educação do Campo. Assim, analisam-se documentos produzidos pelo Movimento Nacional da Educação do Campo desde o Primeiro e Segundo Encontro Nacional das Educadoras e Educadores na Reforma Agrária – ENERA (1997; 2015) -, depois pelas duas Conferências Nacionais da Educação do Campo – CNEC (1998; 2004) – e pelos Fóruns Nacionais da Educação do Campo – FONEC (2010; 2012; 2014; 2016; 2017; 2018 e 2019). No que se refere à Educação do Campo tem-se como fundamento os escritos e pesquisas de Caldart (2010; 2012), Frigotto (2010), Souza (2010; 2016) e Munarim (2008).
Padre Vitor
Authors: Fonseca Marcus Vinícius
Published: October 2020

Este artigo apresenta aspectos relacionados à vida de ‘Padre Vitor’, um indivíduo negro que nasceu livre, em 1827, no sul de Minas Gerais, onde teve destacada atuação como padre e professor. Após a sua morte, em 1905, iniciou-se um movimento de culto a sua imagem dando origem a um processo de canonização. Sua canonização segue avançando e junto com ela vai se afirmando sua imagem como um ex-escravo que atingiu a santidade. Escravidão e santidade são aspectos contraditórios dentro da trajetória de ‘Padre Vitor’. Abordamos essa contradição retratando-o fora da perspectiva representada pela ideia de escravo e santo, ou seja, procuramos recuperar seu processo de formação e atuação tratando-o como um ser humano que agiu a partir das condições e possibilidades inscritas no Brasil, do século XIX.
Las colonias escolares en Barcelona (1930-1932)
Authors: Fernández Antón Estefanía , Sonlleva Velasco Miriam
Published: October 2020

En 1930, las colonias escolares tenían la finalidad de mejorar las condiciones de la infancia más desfavorecida y de transmitir comportamientos y valores de género. Las investigaciones que tratan de desvelar esta realidad no son muy abundantes, siendo su función proyectar una nueva perspectiva de la educación a partir de 1930. Así pues este trabajo analiza las memorias de las colonias escolares, del Ajuntament de Barcelona, publicadas entre 1930 y 1932. Tomando como fuente referencial la iconografía, hemos constatado cómo las instantáneas ilustran diferencias entre niños y niñas, en relación con la representación corporal en el espacio, las actividades realizadas a lo largo de la experiencia y la vestimenta de los menores. Estos aspectos nos llevan a afirmar que a la vez que las colonias escolares mejoraban la salud de los colonos y las colonas afianzaban ciertos aprendizajes y comportamientos sexistas que reforzaban el ideal de la mujer como protagonista suprema del hogar y del hombre como representante del espacio público.
The Use of Composite Polymeric Materials to Increase the Effectiveness of Ship Ventilation Systems
Authors: Ngo Gia Viet
Published: October 2020

The article presented the use of composite polymeric materials to increase the effectiveness of ship ventilation systems in the process of its machining. As the result of the research, the author considered that, it is important to evaluate and anticipate all possible factors (technical, technological, ergonomic, environmental) associated with the negative impact of excessive production waste generation (chips and dust) in the workplace at the design stages of technological processes for machining parts made of composite materials. The research results determined the possibility of using composite polymer materials for manufacturing the structures of ship ventilation systems, as well as other ship systems.
Rheological Aspects of Multilayered Thick-Wall Polymeric Pipes under the Influence of Internal Pressure
Authors: Yazyev Serdar B. , Litvinov Stepan , Dudnik Anastasia E. , Doronkina Irina G.
Published: October 2020

Rheologic of a polymer pipe from cyclic temperature and internal pressure in one-dimensional and two-dimensional formulations is considered. The resulting equations of the finite element method allow one to calculate both single-layer and multilayer thick-walled pipes taking into account creep. In the calculation, the temperature dependences of the elastic and rheological parameters of polymer pipes were used. The effect of variable thermal conditions on the VAT of a PVC pipe is investigated. It has been established that under unsteady thermal conditions, stresses can occur significantly higher than in a stationary temperature field. This is explained by the fact that polymers have a component of deformation that is lagging in phase from stresses (highly elastic deformation).
Introduction of Nanoscale Porous Aromatic Frameworks in PTMSP Matrix
Authors: Bakhtin Danila , Kulikov Leonid , Malakhov Alexander , Bazhenov Stepan D.
Published: October 2020

Samples of nanoscale nano-PAF-10 and nano-PAF-24 porous aromatic framework-like polymeric materials were synthesized using the Suzuki reaction in a microemulsion. Monomers were tetrakis-(p-bromophenyl)methane and 1,4-phenylenediboronic acid. The main idea of the approach is to use 1,4-phenylenediboronic acid not only as a direct participant in the reaction, but also as a surfactant, which allows to stabilize the drops of the emulsion. Using this procedure, samples of PAF-like polymers were synthesized from the mixture, containing the mixture of tetrakis(p-bromophenyl)methane and 1,4-phenylenediboronic acid in ratio from 1:2 to 1:6; the reaction was conducted from 10 to 24 hours. The resulting materials were characterized by IR spectroscopy, NMR spectroscop. To estimate the particle size of the obtained materials, transmission electron microscopy was used. The object of the study were polymers, that were synthesized in 10-hour and 24-hour reactions. The particle size in the first material was in the range of 3-10 nm, in the second - from 30 to 100 nm.
The Effect of Inorganic Fillers on the Polyaniline Synthesis
Authors: Pugacheva Tatyana A. , Kurbatov Vladimir G. , Indeikin Eugene A.
Published: October 2020

The kinetics of the synthesis of polyaniline in the presence of inorganic fillers was studied. It is shown that the acid-base surface properties of the inorganic filler affect the polymerization time. The introduction of a filler in the reaction mass containing aniline leads to a decrease in the induction period of oxidative polymerization. The decrease in the induction period is due to the fact that aniline is adsorbed on the surface of the filler. This leads to the fact that polyaniline is formed as a thin layer on the surface of the carrier. With a further increase in the content of inorganic filler, the time of the induction period increases. This is due to the fact that the surface of talc has a basic character. The use of mica as an inorganic filler leads to a decrease in the induction period of polymerization in the entire range of the carrier content studied.
Effect of Annealing on Proton Conductivity of Aquivion-Like Proton-Exchange Membrane
Authors: Mugtasimova Kamila R. , Melnikov Alexey P. , Galitskaya Elena A. , Ryzhkin Ivan A. , Ivanov Dimitri A. , Sinitsyn Vitaly V.
Published: October 2020

Proton-conducting membranes were fabricated from a new short-side chain ionomer Inion (Russian analogue of Aquivion) by solution casting method. A series of temperature treatment experiments was conducted to show that annealing of Inion membranes at the temperature range from 160 °C to 170 °C leads to a significant increase of specific proton conductivity to values even higher than those of commercial membrane Nafion NR212. An explanation of this fact can be given by considering the membranes’ proton transport mechanism and water behavior models in nanopores. Matching the proton conductivity mechanism of the membranes, which is realized in nanostructured channels with the diameter of about several nanometers according to the Grotthuss proton hopping mechanism, and the model of water and ice states in nanopores leads to the comprehensive understanding for the further optimization of the membranes to achieve high transport characteristic. For example, it can be improved by increasing the number of side-chain branches of the polymer.
Development of Approaches for Producing Polymeric Composite Materials with Higher Strength
Authors: Moskalyuk Olga A. , Tsobkallo Ekaterina S. , Yudin Vladimir E.
Published: October 2020

In laboratory conditions, oriented polypropylene composite materials containing various concentrations of anisotropic carbon nanoparticles (nanofibers, nanotubes) were obtained. The change in the mechanical properties of oriented composites is determined. Based on structural studies, it was shown that the increase in strength in oriented composites is associated with the formation of a more perfect supramolecular structure of the polymer matrix due to the introduction of low concentrations of nanofillers.
Research of Structure and Properties of Rubber Mixtures with Adhesion Additives on the Basis of Carbamide
Authors: Shishkina Nelly N. , Samuilov Yakov D. , Zakirova Larisa Yuryevna
Published: October 2020

The effect of new adhesion promoters on the bond strength of rubber compounds with rubber cord based on synthetic isoprene rubber SKI-3, as well as on the structure of their vulcanizates, is investigated. The synthesized additives were taken as adhesion promoters: 2,4-diphenylcarbamidotoluene (DPKT); 2-isocyanatophenylcarbamidotoluene (IPCT) and the industrial promoter is Manobond 680C. Tests were conducted to determine the adhesion strength to the metal cord and the density of the cross-linking of the obtained rubber compounds by the dosage of additives. It is determined that the maximum value of adhesion had mixture containing 1.2 parts by weight of 2-isocyanato-phenylcarbamidotoluene and Manobond 680C. It was found that the introduction of additives DPCT and IPCT leads to the formation of additional cross-links in the vulcanizates. Rubbers containing additives in an amount of 0.4-1.2 parts by weight have the highest density of crosslinking. The studies made it possible to hypothesize the relationship between the particle size and the electrokinetic potential of blocked urea-based isocyanates with the strength of brass-metal cord-rubber bonding. The results obtained indicate that the greater the electrokinetic potential of the synthesized additives and the lower the average particle size, the better the additive is distributed in the rubber compound and affects the formation of the adhesive layer at the brass-metal cord-rubber interface.
Preparation of Fine Porous Ultrafiltration Membranes from Polyacrylonitrile
Authors: Yushkin Alexey A. , Balynin Alexey V. , Efimov Mikhail E. , Karpacheva Galina , Volkov Alexey V.
Published: October 2020

PAN membranes were prepared from mixture of good and weak solvents by two different methods. Immersion precipitation method with and without volatile component evaporation used for membrane preparation. From analysis of Hansen solubility parameters DMSO chosen as good solvent and acetone chosen as weak solvent. The effect of volatile weak solvent investigated on pore size and filtration performance. By evaporation of acetone, it was possible to increase polymer concentration on casting solution and obtain smaller pore size in comparison to membrane prepared from DMSO. Membranes prepared from DMSO/acetone without solvent evaporation had even lower pore size and higher filtration performances. It was shown, that presence of acetone creates more pronounced effect on pore size than increase of polymer concentration. As a result membranes with pore size 3.7 nm obtained from Acetone/DMSO mixture with composition 50:50 and polymer concentration 50 % by immersion precipitation Resulted membranes have permeance 23 kg/m2·h·bar and retention of Lysozime 99 %.
Kinetic Features of Isophorone Diisocyanate and Oligoesterdiols Reaction under Waterborne Polyurethane Synthesis Conditions and the Preparation of the Polymer Dispersions
Authors: Karpov Sergei V. , Dzhalmukhanova Aygul S. , Chernyayev Dmitry A. , Lodygina Vera P. , Komratova Victoria V. , Badamshina Elmira R.
Published: October 2020

Kinetics of urethane formation from isophorone diisocyanate and polycaprolactone diol and poly(butylene adipate) in acetone was studied by IR spectroscopy. It was found that poly(butylene adipate) is the most reactive oligoesterdiol, with the reaction being both non-catalyzed and catalyzed by dibutyltin dilaurate. It was shown that the cycloaliphatic group of isophorone diisocyanate is an order of magnitude more active than the aliphatic one in catalytic reactions of isophorone diisocyanate with investigated oligoesterdiols. Furthermore, waterborne polyurethanes based on the studied oligoesterdiols were synthesized and characterized by DLS, DSC, and TGA methods.