bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A influencia da prática do judô na postura de atletas do sexo masculino do estado do Paraná
Authors: Santos Saray Giovana dos
Published: January 2022

Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar se o tempo e o tipo de prática, bem como a técnica de preferência do Judô acarretam desvios posturais em judocas paranaenses adultos do sexo masculino, com 5 ou mais anos de prática. Participaram do estudo 37 sujeitos das cidades de Foz do Iguaçu, Cascavel, Maringá e Curitiba; faixa etária entre 18 e 54 anos, com tempo médio de prática de 14,1 anos. A coleta de dados foi realizada nos locais de treinamento dos respectivos sujeitos e como instrumento de medida utilizou-se uma ficha para avaliação postural; um tabuleiro quadriculado, uma ficha para medidas antropométricas, além de uma entrevista para identificação. Os dados foram analisados através de estatística descritiva e inferencial. Todas as hipótese foram testadas ao nível de significância de 0,05. Os resultados indicaram que a prática sistemática do Judô, caracterizada por programas específicos de prática unilateral, tempo prolongado de prática e treinamento de "tokui-waza", parece ter implicações negativas no desenvolvimento postural dos judocas.
Motricidade humana e esporte convencional questões para una antropologia da cultura física
Authors: Oro Ubirajara
Published: January 2022

Abordagens da motricidade humana vêm-se multiplicando e desen­volvendo em nosso meio, indicando um interesse crescente da socieda­de pela temática do movimento. os exercícios físicos, a ginástica, os jogos esportivos, os desportos e a dança são motivos evidentes de atenção e de ocupação do homem de hoje. entre outras, uma causa disso poderia ser o aparente reconhecimento da cultura física como ele­mento indispensável ao desenvolvimento humano equilibrado. nas con­dições de vida, propostas pela civilização, as atividades físicas não laborais superaram amplamente o critério de utilidade, fornecendo às pessoas perspectivas de autocultivo e de emancipação (neste particu­lar tem sido relevante a contribuição teórica e prática do esporte de lazer, Dieckert, 1978).
JUSTIFICATIVA E PLANIFICAÇÃO DO PROCESSO DE INICIAÇÃO ESPORTIVA NA FORMAÇÃO INFANTIL
Authors: Martiny Luis Eugênio , Sawitzki Rosalvo Luis
Published: January 2022

Este trabalho tem por finalidade apresentar uma justificativa dainiciação esportiva na formação infantil. O elemento central desta investigaçãoconsiste em proporcionar maior esclarecimento acerco do processo de ensinoaprendizagemdos esportes para as crianças. Para tanto, apresentamos algumasargüições sobre o conceito de iniciação esportiva, os motivos para se trabalharna formação infantil, bem como os conteúdos e momentos desse trabalho. Alémde apresentar essas justificativas, este ensaio faz o esforço de proporcionar umapossibilidade de planificação desse processo de iniciação e formação esportivadas crianças, sendo que tal planificação é orientada por princípios pedagógicose de vivência e formação humana.
Ruy Jornada Krebs: Vida e Obra de um Educador
Authors: Copetti Fernando , Valentini Nadia Cristina , Knackfuss Maria Irany , Medeiros Humberto Jefferson de , Ramalho Maria Helena da Silva
Published: January 2022

Este memorial tem como propósito narrar a vida e obra do Professor Ruy Jornada Krebs, um profissional dedicado à ao estudo do desenvolvimento humano e ao ensino, pesquisa e extensão na Educação Física brasileira. A formação acadêmica, as primeiras atividades profissionais e o ingresso e carreira universitária. Sua trajetória acadêmica no Centro de Educação Física e Desportos (CEFD) da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), a dedicação a Metodologia Globalizada e a Teoria Bioecológica do Desenvolvimento Humano, a aposentadoria e a mudança para a Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC) e sua continuidade produtiva na carreira são destacadas. No ano em que o CEFD completa 50 anos, a homenagem para um dos principais profissionais da Educação Física brasileira e por suas contribuições para com o CEFD.
DIAGNÓSTICO DA SITUAÇÃO DO IDOSO EM SANTA MARIA (RS) E SUA RELAÇÃO COM A FORMAÇÃO DE PROFISSIONAIS PELO CENTRO DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA E DESPORTO (CEFD) DA UFSM.
Authors: Dias José Francisco Silva
Published: January 2022

ESTE ESTUDO VISOU DIAGNOSTICAR A SITUAÇÃO DOS IDOSOS NA CIDADE DE SANTA MARIA (RS) E VERIFICAR A NÍVEL DE CURRÍCULO DO CEFD DA UFSM, SE O CURSO DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA POSSUI DISCIPLINAS QUE PRE­PAREM OS EGRESSOS, NO SENTIDO DE INSTRUMENTALIZÁ-LOS PARA ATUAREM COM A TERCEIRA IDADE. PARTICIPARAM DO ESTUDO 200 IDOSOS, DOS QUAIS, 40 ERAM ASILADOS, 60 PARTICIPAVAM DE GRUPOS DE CONVIVÊNCIA PARA IDOSOS E 100 ERAM IDOSOS QUE VIVEM COM SUAS FAMÍLIAS MAS NÃO PARTI­CIPAM DE OUTROS GRUPOS. OS INSTRUMENTOS DE COLETA DE DADOS FORAM: UM TESTE, PARA DIAGNOSTICAR A SITUAÇÃO DO IDOSO EM SANTA MARIA (RS) E UMA FICHA DO CURRÍCULO DO CURSO DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA DO CEFD DA UFSM. 0 PRIMEIRO INSTRUMENTO FOI UM QUESTIONÁRIO COM 56 QUESTÕES REFERENTES A 16 ASPECTOS DA VIDA DOS IDOSOS, A SABER: IDENTIFICA­ÇÃO, SAÚDE, FAMÍLIA, ECONÔMICO, ALIMENTAÇÃO, HABILITAÇÃO, TRABALHO, LAZER, RELACIONAMENTO SOCIAL, INSTRUÇÃO, PREVIDÊNCIA SOCIAL, PARTI­CIPAÇÃO POLÍTICA E TRABALHISTA, TRANSMISSÃO CULTURAL, RELACIONAMEN­TO COM OS MAIS JOVENS, RELACIONAMENTO SEXUAL E RELIGIÃO. PARA ANÁL_I_ SE DOS RESULTADOS FOI UTILIZADO A ESTATÍSTICA DESCRITIVA, E, VERI­FICOU-SE QUE A SITUAÇÃO DOS IDOSOS DE SANTA MARIA, (RS) DE UMA MA­NEIRA GERAL, DEIXA MUITO A DESEJAR EM CERTOS ASPECTOS. OS RESULTA­DOS EVIDENCIARAM QUE A SITUAÇÃO ESTÃ CRÍTICA NO QUE SE REFERE A SI­TUAÇÃO ECONÔMICO-FINANCEIRO E 0 NÍVEL DE INSTRUÇÃO DOS IDOSOS QUE FIZERAM PARTE DA INVESTIGAÇÃO, TORNA CADÍ VEZ MAIS DIFÍCIL A POSSI­BILIDADE DO VELHO SER UM ELEMENTO PARTICIPATIVO E FELIZ. QUANTO À ANÁLISE DAS DISCIPLINAS QUE FORMAM O CURRÍCULO DO CURSO DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA DO CEFD DA UFSM, CONSTATOU-SE NADA EXISTIR DE CONTEÚDOS QUE PROPORCIONEM AO ALUNO DO CURSO, CONHECIMENTOS SOBRE A TERCEIRA IDA­DE, QUE LHE OFEREÇA SUBSÍDIOS PARA O ATENDIMENTO AO IDOSO.
ESTUDO DA FLEXIBILIDADE DINÃHICA, ESTATICA E HISTA (3S) EH UNIVERSITÁRIOS DO SEXO MASCULINO
Authors: NUNES Volmar Geraldo
Published: January 2022

Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar qual método.i mais EFICIENTE PARA MELHORAR A FLEXIBILIDADE: MÉTODO DINAMICO,ESTÃTICO E MIST0-3S, A AMOSTRA FOI COMPOSTA POR 51 UNIVERSITÁRIOS, SEXO MASCU­LINO, MATRICULADOS EM PRATICA DESPORTIVA NA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE Pelotas-RS. Foram formados 3 grupos experimentais com 17_alunos em cada um: A_(método dinâmico), B (método estático) e C (método místo- 3S). 0 período experimental foi de 11 semanas, com 2 sessões sema­nais de 50 minutos. Utilizou-se o teste de sentar ealcançar de WELLS & DILLON (1952), modificado pela AAHPERD (1979), para medir a flexj_ bilidade de tronco-quadril. Verificou-se que: a) os resultados do PÓS-TESTE, SUBMETIDOS A ANALISE DE VARIANCIA NAO PARAMÉTRICA, REVE­LARAM DIFERENÇAS SIGNIFICATIVAS (P<: 0.005) ENTRE OS GRUPOS A, BeC; e pela Comparação Múltipla, ocorreram diferenças entre os grupos A E B; os grupos A e C e B e C não apresentaram diferenças; b)_ocorre RAM DIFERENÇAS SIGNIFICATIVAS ENTRE OS RESULTADOS DO PRÉ E PÓS-TES- TE DE CADA MÉTODO, E NA COMPARAÇÃO MÚLTIPLA, OS RESULTADOS FORAM SE MELHANTES NO TREINAMENTO DOS GRUPOS B E C, SENDO ESTES SUPERIORES AO DO GRUPO A, CONCLUIU-SE QUE HOUVE UM RESULTADO ALTAMENTE SIGNIFICA­TIVO NA MELHORIA DA FLEXIBILIDADE, CONTUDO, OS MÉTODOS ESTÁTICO E MISTO-3S APRESENTARAM RESULTADOS SEMELHANTES E MAIS EFICIENTES QUE O MÉTODO DINÂMICO.
REFLEXÕES E ANÁLISE CRÍTICA SOBRE AS PROPOSTAS DE PERFIL IDEAL E REAL DO PROFESSOR DE EDUCAÇÃO FlSICA
Authors: Munaro Claire Maria
Published: January 2022

Esta pesquisa é continuidade de um estudo realizado por oca- siao do curso de Mestrado, concluído em 1984, (MUNARO, 1984). Na oPORTUNIDADE CARACTERIZOU-SE O PERFIL IDEAL DO PROFESSOR DE EDUCAÇAO Física com o propósito de, em estudos posteriores, comparar com o perFIL REAL, OBJETIVANDO VERIFICAR AS DIVERGENCI AS EXISTENTES ENTRE OS MESMOS. Ao DEFINIRMOS O PERFIL IDEAL TIVEMOS COMO OBJET IVO DETERMI­NAR AS CARACTERÍSTICAS DO PROFESSOR DE EDUCAÇAO FÍSICA QUE SAO NECES SÁRIAS PARA UM DESEMPENHO PROFISSIONAL ADEQUADO. PARA ALCANÇAR ESTE OBJETIVO, UTILIZAMOS O MÉTODO DELPHI QUE CONSTITUI NA APLICAÇAO DE 3 QUESTIONÁRIOS COM OPROPÓSITO DE OBTER UM CONSENSO NAS OPINIOES DOS PROFESSORES QUANTO AS CARACTERÍSTICAS NECESSARIAS AOS PROFESSORES. Para caracterizar o perfil real reaplicamos o instrumento aos profesSORES, COMPARAMOS OS RESULTADOS DOS DOIS LEVANTAMENTOS E _DETECTAMOS UMA DICOTOMIA EM VÁRIOS INDICADORES DO PERFIL IDEAL QUE NAO SAO ATEN DIDOS PELO ATUAL CURRÍCULO, As PRINCIPAIS DIVERGENCI AS PODEM_SER SIN TETIZADAS EM: DEFICIENCIAS NA FORMAÇÃO PEDAGÓGICA, NA COMPETENCIA PO LÍTICA, NA CONSOLIDAÇAO DE UMA CONSCIÊNCIA CRÍTICA E NA PRODUÇÃO DE PESQUISAS, ENTRE OUTRAS.
Planos decenais de educação em municípios do interior paulista: análise do acompanhemnto e materialização das metas estruturantes
Authors: Nascimento Tatiane Oliveira Santos , Militão Silvio Cesar Nunes
Published: January 2022

Neste texto relata-se resultados de pesquisa que teve como objetivo analisar o processo de monitoramento e avaliação atinente à implantação dos planos municipais de educação em 16 municípios jurisdicionados a um polo interiorano da União Nacional dos Dirigentes Municipais de Educação. Metodologicamente valeu-se de pesquisa documental, bibliográfica e estudo exploratório com base nos dados trazidos pela plataforma PNE em movimento, com indicadores das metas estruturantes do Plano Nacional de Educação para a garantia à educação básica com qualidade. Os resultados evidenciam que, nos municípios sob exame, está havendo um movimento posterior à elaboração dos subplanos para sua efetiva materialização.
Brazilian Declaration of Judges on Water Justice of March 2018 as a source of soft environmental law
Authors: Ditsevich Yaroslava Borisovna , Kolobov Roman Yurievich
Published: January 2022

This article provides the results of research conducted within the framework of the concept of international legal protection of Lake Baikal on the outcome of environmental work of international non-governmental organizations in the sphere of protection and sustainable of water resources. Coverage is given on the activity of the World Water Council. Special attention is turned to the reflection of the main results of the World Water Forum, including the outcome of its activity in form of the Brazilian Declaration of Judges on Water Justice adopted in March 2018. Leaning on the results of the work with authentic text, the author examines 10 basic principles contained in the Brazilian Declaration of Judges on Water Justice, which a certain degree reflect the environmental priority in the consideration of civil, administrative and criminal cases related to the use and protection of waters, with the disclosure of their basic content. One of the proposals is the formation of the Expert Council on Lake Baikal that incorporates the academic staff of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, other representatives of scientific community who take part in preparation of assessment of the scientific validity of draft documents in the sphere of conservation of Lake Baikal that significantly affect then environmental activity in the Baikal Nature Reserve. A proposal is formulated on the inclusion into the current and newly developed programs for the advanced training of judges and prosecutors that imply the study of the key aspects of law enforcement practice in the sphere of environmental protection (considering the natural specificity of the region for the judges to implement their activity). Attention is given to the work of the International Water Resources Association and the results of the 16th World Water Congress held in Cancun (Mexico). The analyzed international experience is extrapolated to the problematic of conservation of the ecosystem of Lake Baikal.
Letter from the Editor
Authors: Humphrey Ashley A.
Published: January 2022

It is vital for women to share their experiences with others; it shrinks the distances among us, creating stronger bonds. It builds camaraderie and community. It is also vital for women to document and share their journey so others can see tangible progress and use it as a tool in their own right. So, here is my story, my confession, about being editorial liaison for the IJNS Special Issue on Women in Nuclear Security.
Dickens’s Supernumeraries
Authors: Steinlight Emily
Published: January 2022

This chapter begins with the exploration of how the Dickensian city novel works toward forging alternative modes of sociality out of the human surplus. It studies the political stakes of Charles Dickens's refusal to solve the problem his narratives so spectacularly create: the incapacity of all existing institutions — the state, the factory, the workhouse, the prison, and above all the family — to sustain the quantity of life they produce. Such sprawling serial novels as Bleak House, Little Dorrit, and Our Mutual Friend can consequently be read as intentionally failed experiments in population management. The chapter resists the new historicist tendency to equate Dickens's narrative techniques with surveillance and preventive policing, emphasizing instead how his fiction reveals power operating primarily through neglect rather than active intervention or the omnipresent gaze of the law. Ultimately, the chapter details how Dickens extends Bleak House's scope beyond the parameters set by British society. Rather than try to represent the unrepresented or count the uncounted, Bleak House reconstitutes its social world as a total always in excess of itself.
Conclusion
Authors: Steinlight Emily
Published: January 2022

This chapter looks at the advent of modernism — anticipated in Thomas Hardy's later novels — and how it marked a pivot point in the literary politics of the population at the end of the nineteenth century. It demonstrates how the biopolitical demand to regulate human numbers remained in force at the turn of the century. Modernism, to be sure, brings markedly different aesthetic and formal techniques to bear on the phenomena of mass life. The chapter suggests what happens to the concept of population and to the novel form at the century's end: both, in effect, are psychologized. And this psychological turn, oddly enough, makes the unconscious the site of political collectivity and of species-being. Ultimately, the chapter shows that the surplus of human material generated by fiction is never merely a tragic remnant of biological existence exiled from political space and bereft of meaning. The sheer excessiveness of the novel's subjects runs over the edges of any social body, state, empire, or valorizing structure that aims to encompass the species. In so doing, it makes the possibility of resistance immanent to fiction's biopolitical imagination.
Valley of Visions
Authors: Diehl Chad R.
Published: January 2022

This chapter recounts the story of how the diverse narratives of postatomic Nagasaki emerged out of the discordant visions and processes of reconstruction during the first two decades after the bombing. It examines the ramifications of the particular ways the narratives unfolded in Nagasaki. The story of that city's reconstruction shows the relationship between destruction, politics, religion, and memory that so often exists in societies recovering from traumatic events. The chapter also explains the reasons behind the use of “resurrecting” in the title to signify the subject and purpose of the book. Ultimately, the chapter sets out to see what happens when we shift the focus to Nagasaki, because it is surely time to write Nagasaki into the history of the atomic bombings and their aftermath.
Coexisting in the Valley of Death
Authors: Diehl Chad R.
Published: January 2022

This chapter narrates the presence of American soldiers in the daily life of Nagasaki residents. It details the reconstruction and revival of Nagasaki and how it began with the presence and the work of the occupation forces. In the early months of the occupation, both American occupying forces and Nagasaki residents discovered in each other common humanity that had been nearly erased by the ravages of war and the waves of propaganda, not to mention the atomic bombing. The chapter illustrates how they established a foundation that helped to bring about a successful reconstruction of the city. It looks into the cultural rapprochement between the United States and Japan and the importation of new cultural activities, combined with a renewed cultivation of preexisting international phenomena, to highlight the urban identity of the city as a site of international culture. The chapter highlights how the city as a whole experienced an unprecedented amount of engagement with and influence from a foreign culture, at least in the modern age.
Walls of Silence
Authors: Diehl Chad R.
Published: January 2022

This chapter recounts the difficult life of Nagasaki hibakusha during the first two postwar decades. It details the “dark era” from 1945 to 1957, when no national system of recognition, compensation, and medical benefits existed for the hibakusha of both cities. The chapter delves into the struggle of many hibakusha who chose to fight for political and social acknowledgment of their experience. It demonstrates how survivors and nonsurvivors alike came together and formed special-interest groups. The evolution of the activist groups was gradual and improvements in the lives of the hibakusha developed slowly over decades. The chapter then shifts to discuss the expansion of the political voice of the hibakusha and other activist groups from 1954 with the burgeoning of the anti-nuclear peace movement, achieving small but important victories along the way. Ultimately, the chapter examines the first medical relief law that passed in 1957. It also discusses how Nagasaki survivors turned to literature — testimony, narrative, and poetry — as their primary vehicle of memory activism, seeking to promote their narrative and resuscitate their collective experience in the popular memory of the bombings in both the city and the nation.
Ruins of Memory
Authors: Diehl Chad R.
Published: January 2022

This chapter highlights the concerns of some groups in Nagasaki on how to treat the ruins of the atomic past. It focuses on the Urakami Cathedral ruins which loomed large in discussions of reconstruction and urban identity through the late 1950s. The chapter looks at how the ruins linked the past to the present, but, in the case of a destructive event, also ensnared the present in a contested past. For activist groups, hibakusha, and other city residents, the ruins became the center of the commemoration of the bombing and a popular symbol within their atomic narrative, providing a shorthand reference for the human trauma of the bombing. The chapter also analyses Nagasaki's approach to modernizing its landscape and Hiroshima's approach to stay frozen in the traumatic, atomic moment. Ultimately, the chapter investigates how Hiroshima cultivated a milieu de mémoire (real environment of memory) in the first decades after the bombings, whereas Nagasaki failed to preserve its only lieu de mémoire (site of memory).
Revolution and Invasions
Authors: Wight David M.
Published: January 2022

This chapter studies how Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini regularly returned to Iranian grievances about the US petrodollar economy, US-led globalization, and US imperialism to inspire his political base. The Iranian Revolution and subsequent Iranian tensions with the United States also spurred a second oil shock from 1979 to 1981, eventually tripling the cost of oil. Yet while the Iranian Revolution constituted the greatest challenge to the US petrodollar order in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) to date, Khomeinism inadvertently reinforced and expanded petrodollar interdependence between the United States and the remaining Gulf monarchies. Despite concerns about the viability of its regime, the Carter administration determined the loss of an allied Saudi Arabia had to be prevented at all costs, or else the vital interests of the United States would be imperiled. To preserve this and other Arab alliances, the United States doubled down on petrodollar interdependence, particularly in the realm of arms, as the Carter administration abandoned the goal of arms transfer restraint and instead embarked on a surge of weapons sales to the MENA to improve the security of allied governments and reassure client regimes of the United States' commitment to them.
End of an Era
Authors: Wight David M.
Published: January 2022

This chapter discusses how, for secular Arab nationalists, Iranian Islamists, and Arab monarchists alike, the 1980s proved to be a decade of bitter disappointments, as petrodollar revenues were squandered in destructive wars and then became severely curtailed by a bottoming out of world oil prices. The optimism of the early 1970s within the Arab world and Iran had largely turned into anxiety or despair by the time the petrodollar era came to an end in the mid-1980s. Conversely, for the United States, the 1980s largely concluded as a decade of triumph, as many of the woes of the 1970s were largely contained, while US political and economic dominance over the Arab world rose to new levels and the Soviet empire endured global setbacks and then began to disintegrate. Yet in this moment of success, the US empire also sowed the seeds of resentments and future tragedies, including in Afghanistan, site of one of the clear Islamist victories of the decade, where some mujahedin began to strategize on how to roll back US imperialism in the Arab world. Ultimately, while the US-led petrodollar order stabilized aspects of US empire, it also enlarged realms of global instability that threatened the United States.
Performing Cripple in Theatrical Exchange
Authors: Williams Katherine Schaap
Published: January 2022

This chapter opens with the anecdote's claim that disability may be a kind of generative overplus. It focuses on one play in particular, the unattributed The Fair Maid of the Exchange (c. 1602, printed 1607), whose central character, Cripple, defies a concept of disability reducible to either commonplace impairment or wondrous difference. Distinguished by his “crutches” (1.1.107) and his “crooked habit” (4.1.31), Cripple works in his shop drawing patterns, moonlighting as a supplier of verse to would-be suitors, and reengineering the romantic preferences of the female characters. Unlike humorous figures of feigning in plays such as George Chapman's The Blind Beggar of Alexandria and John Fletcher and Philip Massinger's Beggars' Bush, Cripple is actually impaired and can work, the legal standard for distinguishing disability. The chapter argues that Cripple's character reveals disability as a fundamental inability to impersonate in a world that demands the transformation it claims to punish. It explores how Cripple's reproducibility gesture to unequal punishment for feigning, and demonstrates how mimetic representation blurs the distinction between seeming and being.
Introduction
Authors: Blasing Molly Thomasy
Published: January 2022

This chapter focuses on the “poetics of photography” or “photo-poetics,” that is, those elements of photographic processes and modes of photographic representation that give rise to new forms of lyric expression. It argues that the discussion of photography's poetics engages those aspects of photography that can become the essential creative material of poetry. This includes, for example, the ways that photographic motifs, photochemical metaphors, and the lexicon of photography are written into poetic texts that are not necessarily inspired by actual photographs or are not necessarily printed on the page alongside an accompanying photograph. The chapter then looks at how the poets featured in the book transform and create something new from their encounters with the camera age. Moved by their interactions and encounters with photography, the chapter reveals how they are challenged to expand the possibilities of poetic expression in new directions. These authors use poetic writing to deepen, enrich, and expand what photographic representation makes possible.
Coda
Authors: Blasing Molly Thomasy
Published: January 2022

This chapter offers some thoughts on the nature of Russian photo-poetics in the digital age. It ventures about how digital image making is making its way into the space of the Russian poetic imagination. The chapter's focus on poetry draws attention to a form of cultural production that speaks to long-standing anxieties about the threat visual culture poses to verbal culture. It argues that the struggle to understand the text–image relationship has a long and enduring history. The chapter then considers a poem by Kirill Medvedev, written in 1999, about the damaging illusion of preservation we perpetuate through constant acts of self documentation. It ultimately links Medvedev's central statement about the problem of photography with two 2019 poems by other writers that demonstrate what the author proposes is a new impulse in present-day poets to resist photography as a substitute for memory.
Conclusion
Authors: Park Seo Young
Published: January 2022

This chapter returns to Oksun's story, which opened the book in the prologue. It conveys the ethnographic challenge of analyzing the problem of speed: inasmuch as our critique of labor targets the abstracting force of speed, it is also hard to translate people's experiences and feelings without using the language of abstracting, alienating speed. The chapter then highlights narrative moments that exist within, are produced by, and respond to the problem of speed. It reiterates the author's argument that human practices to relate with and build attachment to others, commodities, and to work itself constitute the very dynamic of speed and accelerated, unceasing productivity. In doing so, the practices inevitably create a flow of life that is dense and messy and that simultaneously sustains and contradicts the speed of the market and the city.
The Lives of the Eight Dogs of the Satomi of Southern Fusa
Authors: Bakin Kyokutei
Published: January 2022

Illustrated

Inaugural Volume

Table of Contents

Chapter I:

Suemoto dies steadfast, leaving behind a moral;

A white dragon flies southward home, threading through the clouds1

Chapter II:

A gallant looses an arrow and kills a white horse;

A craven usurps two districts and approaches the scarlet gate...
A good general foils a plot and his soldiers learn benevolence;
Authors: Bakin Kyokutei
Published: January 2022

This chapter addresses how the messenger Yamashita Sakuzaemonnojō Sadakane had sent to Maro and Anzai returned to Takita. Sadakane gave his heart even more fully over to extravagance. He made merry all day and through the night, while ignoring the resentment of his officers and men. Meanwhile, the great Satomi army surrounded Takita Castle and began their relentless attack; the fortress was sturdy, however, the stronghold of several generations of Jin'yo, was not to be reduced in a single morning. For three days and nights they pressed the assault, but the castle's soldiers would not come forth to fight, and the attackers began to be fatigued; yet they continued their assault, albeit from a distance. In their frustration they called for a charge that would break through in a single thrust, but Yoshizane summoned them back. Eventually, the people within the castle had all risen up and brought the attackers within the gates; the castle then fell.
Kagetsura breaks his oath and lays siege to two castles;
Authors: Bakin Kyokutei
Published: January 2022

This chapter discusses how Anzai Kagetsura detained Yoshizane's emissary Kanamari Daisuke by deception. Dividing his army, he sent a great press of men by surprise against the two Satomi castles. Kagetsura personally led one company, some two thousand mounted men, against Takita Castle, which he surrounded so as to block all four of its gates and then assaulted both by day and by night without pause. He made Kabuto Toppei commander of the other company, a thousand mounted men, and caused them to surround Tōjō Castle, in which Horiuchi Sadayuki had shut himself. His goal, as he mounted his attack, was to “crush both castles with one blow.” Yoshizane then jokingly asked his dog, Yatsufusa, to sneak into the enemy camp and bite Kagetsura to death, promising Princess Fuse's hand in return. That night, to Yoshizane's surprise, Yatsufusa did bring the head of the enemy general, Kagetsura, taken as a trophy.
In a grotto on Mount To, a beast conceives a heart to know truth; Climbing upstream, a divine child speaks of future fate
Authors: Bakin Kyokutei
Published: January 2022

This chapter looks at how, upon leaving the manor at Takita, Princess Fuse had taken the eight scrolls of the Lotus Sutra, some paper, and an inkstone, and these she had with her yet. She spent every night reading the sutra by the light of the moon and Yatsufusa had begun to cock an ear to the sound of the sutra as it was read. Touched with gratitude, Princess Fuse redoubled her dedication to her sutra-reading, never shirking, while in the mornings she rubbed together the prayer beads to praying to Susaki. She then met a reaper-boy of twelve or thirteen, who told her she is pregnant. The boy explained that while her body has not been violated, nor does Yatsufusa now have lusts, Princess Fuse did yield herself to him when she accompanied him to the mountain — and when he thus took her, he thought of her in his heart as his wife. It is because of the love he bears for Princess Fuse that he found joy in listening to her read the sutras — and when Princess Fuse saw him thus submit, she had compassion for him, as her equal.
A French Writer Visits
Authors: Ferguson Gary
Published: January 2022

This chapter focuses on French essayist Michel de Montaigne, who is considered a logical point of departure since his account of same-sex relationships is by far the most well known today. It recounts the contended process of Montaigne's Journal de voyage as the abbé Prunis found much of its content distasteful. It also cites a passage in Journal de voyage concerning same-sex marriages in Rome that embarrassed Canon Guillaume-Vivien Leydet, just as parts of the manuscript had embarrassed the abbé Prunis. The chapter discusses Montaigne's anecdote that was intended to surprise and amuse the worldly, cultivated visitor in search of diverse customs and unusual happenings. It highlights the influence of Montaigne's Essais on his early free-thinking readers in the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
Introduction
Authors: Greenwood David Neal
Published: January 2022

This chapter focuses on Julian's recapitulatory overwriting of Constantine, in terms of both a religious metanarrative and a religious monumental construction, allowing us to see the shape of a deliberate plan unobscured by opportunistic maneuvers or actions of debatable intent. It follows the chronology of Julian's reign — organizing the material thematically. The chapter seeks to contribute to a new perspective on Julian and offer a foundation for future close analysis of his writings in light of his response to Christianization. It also delves into Julian's campaign in depth, producing both literary and material narratives of resurgent paganism. The emperor drew much more heavily from Christianity than has been appreciated, appropriating both Biblical texts and theological concepts. The chapter then jumps to review his formative experiences — beginning with the central event of his childhood.
The Problem of Constantius II
Authors: Greenwood David Neal
Published: January 2022

This chapter discusses the new Caesar's quandary: Julian's resentment and suspicion of his cousin Constantius II. It reviews his situation as the new Caesar and the threat if Constantius II were to produce a male heir. Avoiding his father's fate would mean that Julian would have to proactively deal with two challenges: the power of Constantius and the powerful memory of Constantine. The chapter also looks at how Julian laid the groundwork with military victories and administrative consolidation in Gaul. It then details Julian's personal network, and introduces two key personalities: Oribasius and Salutius. The chapter recounts why the first two orations of Julian's were not delivered to the imperial court of Constantius II. It then explores Julian's meteoric rise in his Gallic campaigns.
Constructing the Spatial Narrative in Constantinople
Authors: Greenwood David Neal
Published: January 2022

This chapter investigates how both Constantine and Julian used building works as a means to support their religious programs, with construction and demolition of churches and temples. It unveils the intentions of the two rulers — revealing that Julian's efforts were not mere coincidence but a direct attempt to reverse his hated uncle's Christianization. The chapter also examines the impact of the awareness of Constantine's demolishing and desecrating pagan sites and Constantius's later antipagan laws to Julian. It then highlights the three key places of Julian's program of construction: Constantinople, Antioch, and Jerusalem. The chapter looks at the evidence provided by a close contemporary concerning Julian's revival in order to understand how Julian restored pagan worship in the former city of Byzantium. It then elaborates on the restoration of the Jewish Temple in Jerusalem, and the introduction of the “pagan church” in Antioch.
Conclusion
Authors: Greenwood David Neal
Published: January 2022

This chapter unfolds Julian's anticipated pagan restoration. Focusing on his explicit actions in construction and Christological appropriation, the chapter looks at Julian's angry treatise, the Misopogon, and the Persian campaign. Julian's highly negative experience in Antioch eventually caused him to write a treatise interpreting his time in the city. The chapter also discusses Julian's appointment of a successor to govern Antioch when he left the city. The chapter assesses Julian's rejection of peace after the Persians volunteered to come to the negotiating table. It then argues that Julian's restoration campaign was comprehensive, with several facets operating simultaneously as he crafted a religious narrative and incorporated that in a material narrative of monumental and religious construction.
Cosme Road
Authors: Oh Youjeong
Published: January 2022

This chapter analyses a case in which Korean popular culture sells a place associated with the cosmetics industry. It examines a casual process in which Hallyu has indirectly but greatly accelerated the globalization process of Myeong-dong, one of the biggest commercial districts in Korea. The chapter then assesses how Myeong-dong has maintained its status as a symbolic place throughout its history, enabling its current reconfiguration as a destination for global tourists. Deciphering the triangular relations between Korean popular culture, Korean beauty ideals, and the cosmetics industry, the chapter presents detailed discussions about Myeong-dong's recent place reconfiguration associated with the projection of Hallyu desires and global flows. It ultimately argues that the multirealm global connections — the globalization of Korean pop culture, the construction of Korean beauty inspired by Hallyu, the global expansion of the Korean cosmetics industry, and the Hallyu-driven transnational tourism — complicate Myeong-dong's place meanings by turning the area into a site for the projection of Hallyu desires associated with capital accumulation.
Controlling the Local Police
Authors: Scoggins Suzanne E.
Published: January 2022

This chapter reviews police reports about capacity to respond to different types of crime, and in the process invokes a broader definition of coercive capacity. It emphasizes that discussions of coercive capacity typically focus on protest control and political policing, primarily because preventing regime-destabilizing protests is essential for state survival. To quantify and compare police response capacity across different areas of crime, the chapter details how officers described their own satisfaction with the way their station managed crime, then reveals a clear pattern: ministry control over protest is highly centralized and strong in terms of capacity, but control over many other types of crime is decentralized and weak. By grouping the types of control over frontline operations into three main patterns (decentralized, shared, and centralized), the chapter aims to better understand why they lead to different outcomes for protest and everyday crimes. It looks mainly at the central law enforcement agency's — in this case, the Ministry of Public Security's — degree of control over local-level protocols and procedures through rule formation, oversight, and implementation.
Rules
Authors: Barnhart Michael A.
Published: January 2022

This chapter explicates the functions of rules in simulation. It elaborates on its two central functions in any classroom simulation: the rules tell students what they are allowed to do from class to class, and they tell students what they need to do in order to win the simulation. The chapter argues that simulations do not have to feature wars, but they do need competition and victory conditions. Competition and victory give purpose; they also drive student motivation. Ultimately, the chapter looks at the three examples, Greenwich Village, Galileo, Stages of Power — none of them featuring simulated armed conflict — and investigates how they use rules to inform and induce student activities. It then examines Great Power Rivalries, which does the same thing, but uses different rules for different students.
Dirt
Authors: Erley Mieka
Published: January 2022

This chapter reveals how “dirty literature” and its critical response, the discourse of aesthetic pollution, emerged at moments when boundary formation in the literary system and crisis in agrarian life coincided. It studies Russian realism through that dirty lens, focusing first on the emergence of naturalism and realism between the 1840s and the 1880s, during the crisis of serfdom and the Great Reforms; and second on the formation of socialist realism in the early 1930s during the crisis of collectivization. The chapter discusses how Régine Robin highlighted the central role of the ambiguous term “realism” in drawing together the two polemical phases into a discursive complex that “endlessly reworks the same argumentative structures, the same polemical logics, the same discursive contours.” In these two periods, the chapter exposes how dirt, as a central material fact of peasant life and a symbol of systemic disorder, challenged aesthetic norms and expanded the critical potential of literature.
The Canadian Garrison Artillery Goes to War, 1914–1918
Authors: Sarty Roger
Published: January 2022

This chapter focuses on the garrison artillery branch of the Canadian Militia, which played a unique part in mobilization for the First World War. It cites the legislation that limited the Canadian Militia to home defense, a role in which the garrison artillery had a leading part for the protection of sea ports and which it fulfilled throughout the war. It also talks about the siege batteries of heavy howitzers for the Canadian Expeditionary Force (CEF), the organization created in August 1914 to raise contingents for overseas service. The chapter describes officers on the rolls of the militia garrison artillery units that mobilized in 1914, which succeeded in leadership roles throughout the whole of the war. It mentions that garrison gunners benefited from an identity as an elite group of technicians especially suited for warfare in the industrial age.
Moral Injury and Moral Repair in Crime and Punishment
Authors: Pederson Joshua
Published: January 2022

This chapter provides an extended reading of Fyodor Dostoevsky's Crime and Punishment, which remains perhaps the most sustained, focused meditation on the psychological aftereffects of a criminal act in all of world literature. It both explores Raskolnikov's psychology through the moral injury lens and argues that in the figure of Sonya, Dostoevsky gives us a character who models some of the best practices contemporary researchers suggest for the treatment of moral injury. It shows that for Raskolnikov and Dostoevsky, crime is accompanied by a “disease” that looks quite similar to moral injury. Indeed, the chapter asserts that Dostoevsky is a canny observer of abnormal psychology and that Crime and Punishment offers an accurate prefiguration of the sketches of moral injury introduced in Chapter 1. But Dostoevsky's insights do not end there, as the chapter shows.
“Signature Wound”
Authors: Pederson Joshua
Published: January 2022

This chapter looks at moral injury in the literatures of the recent U.S. wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. These literatures are explored in part because these wars have produced the bulk of recent moral injury research. Another reason is because of the claim that moral injury is these conflicts' “signature wound.” Accordingly, the chapter argues that moral injury — and especially the pain associated with witnessing others' ethical breaches — is a pervasive presence in works by Brian Turner, Kevin Powers, Phil Klay, and Roy Scranton. The chapter also argues that stateside civilians' ignorance of (or failure to witness to) these conflicts is a contributing cause of service members' moral injury — and that these authors ask readers to ponder their own complicity in the wars fought in their name.
The English Landscape Garden in America
Authors: Carso Kerry Dean
Published: January 2022

This chapter explains how follies represented genteel ambitions, and in larger estates, functioned as explicit indicators of wealth. In an English landscape garden, the designer revealed these buildings not all at once, but incrementally, training the plants and molding the landscape to maximize the delight in discovering the previously hidden treasure of a little temple ensconced in nature. These eye-catchers led the viewer through the landscape and provided respite, shade, and covering in case of rain. Viewers may have felt they were exploring with autonomy, but follies helped define the path through the landscape. While appearing natural, English landscapes were man-made, with trees pruned to maximize views and streams dammed to create artificial ponds.
Introduction
Authors: Ong Soon Keong
Published: January 2022

This chapter analyses the evolution of Xiamen and the undertakings of overseas Chinese in the treaty port after they returned. It unravels the reason why Xiamen did not develop into an industrial and trading center a la Shanghai after its opening as a treaty port, then explores how it facilitated the mass movement of people in and out of the country. By examining the development of Xiamen, the mobility and identity of the emigrants, and the intricate relationships between the two — the chapter narrates the reason for the emigrants' return to Xiamen, and how the foreign experience affected their views of and relationships with the city. The chapter also pushes the boundary of Chinese history beyond China to incorporate a transnational perspective — that is, paying attention to how processes and relationships that have transcended the borders of China shaped the history of Xiamen — and complicates the familiar narrative of Chinese history by demonstrating the subjectivity of the emigrants and including the contributions of these traditionally marginalized people to China. In a way, Xiamen forces us to examine Chinese history and modernity beyond the boundaries of geopolitical China.
Defining Xiamen
Authors: Ong Soon Keong
Published: January 2022

This chapter addresses the history and development of Xiamen. It presents a general overview of trade and migration through the port of Xiamen from the seventeenth to nineteenth centuries, culminating with its opening as a treaty port after the Opium War. The chapter then shifts to examine the interplay between trade and migration in South Fujian and the migration routes of the Fujianese before the mid-1800s. As the chapter shows, Xiamen and the Fujianese were well positioned to take advantage of the conditions and mechanisms that the treaty port era offered. The chapter then unveils how the continuation and expansion of migration through Xiamen deeply affected the port city's commercial activities and determined its development in ways that were unforeseen by the British.
The Supposed Self-Made Man and his Company
Authors: Yang Timothy M.
Published: January 2022

This chapter explores Hoshi Hajime's emergence as a so-called self-made man and the origins of his company. It examines how Hajime — with more than a little help from his extraordinarily influential friends — founded his company to take advantage of a climate that privileged Western medicines and emphasized the importance of medicinal self-sufficiency for Japan. The chapter contextualizes his early life story and his intellectual inspirations and globetrotting experiences amid the widespread changes occurring both inside and outside Japan at the turn of the twentieth century. Hoshi Pharmaceuticals followed a prosaic pattern of many successful companies in the early years of Japan's industrialization (and of companies throughout the world, then and now). Ultimately, the chapter unfolds how Hoshi Pharmaceuticals blurred the lines between state and industry and benefited from politicians' favoritism and largesse.
Medicinal Infrastructures and Medical Missionaries
Authors: Yang Timothy M.
Published: January 2022

This chapter analyzes how Hoshi Pharmaceuticals created spaces for medicinal consumption through its franchise distribution network and how it attempted to mold individual retailers into on-the-ground proselytizers of modern medicine. It elaborates on the discussion of patent medicine as consumer commodities and as vectors of a purportedly civilizing and democratic culture of self-medication. In the early twentieth century, drugstores were not simply places to buy medicines — they were contact zones for a variety of globally circulating goods and ideas. The chapter then investigates how companies like Hoshi helped lay the groundwork for a medicinal culture of self-care through an infrastructure of retailers. Hoshi Pharmaceuticals prized loyalty above all else, but this did not guarantee that its retailers would dutifully impart the company's prescribed messages.
Russia’s Peculiar Labor Market and the Fear of Social Explosion
Authors: Crowley Stephen
Published: January 2022

This chapter examines how and why Russia adapted to capitalism and deindustrialization through a labor market that avoided mass unemployment, relying instead on extremely flexible wages, and why that system has persisted through subsequent cycles of boom and bust. There are several explanations for the rise of what became known as Russia's labor market model: the legacy of socialist paternalism and the mentality of the working unit as a “labor collective”; the incentives privatization created for managers and new owners; the motivations of regional leaders as they sought to survive the crisis; and above all, the fear of many of a possible social explosion as Russia suffered through an economic decline worse than the Great Depression. While an explosion was avoided, Russia did experience a substantial strike wave, stemming in large part from a crisis of wage arrears. Deindustrialization did indeed take place but without mass unemployment or the closure of most large industrial enterprises. Almost as surprising was the persistence of Russia's model of labor market adjustment into the 2000s. This coincided with a more statist economic approach of the new Russian government.
Introduction
Authors: Verene Donald Phillip
Published: January 2022

This introductory chapter briefly considers the question of the relation of philosophy and rhetoric. Here, the chapter argues that particular sciences have their own methods and subject matters of investigation. Philosophy, through the principles of logic, may pursue thoughts concerning any subject whatever. Rhetoric, through its principles of persuasion, may speak on any subject whatever. Philosophy and rhetoric are both universal activities of the mind. The middle term between them is poetic, since poetry can imitate anything whatever. Poetry is drawn on by both philosophy and rhetoric because both employ images. Philosophy has no special subject matter. Its subject is what is and the whole of what is.