bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Cleansing the Heart” in Contemporary China: A Historical Evaluation of the Psychologization of the Book of Changes
Authors: Sgorbati Matteo
Published: January 2025

This article examines the contemporary therapeutic use of the Yijing (the Book of Changes), a foundational text in Chinese divination and thought, from a global historical perspective. While Carl Jung viewed the Yijing as a tool to access the unconscious and treat neurosis, in China his ideas evolved into a means of reviving ancient teachings on the heart xin (heart) and reaffirming traditions of etiquette as alternatives to Western psychological models. My analysis focuses on the call for a “sinicization” ( Zhongguohua) of Jungian psychology by China’s first fully trained analytical psychologist, Shen Heyong, and his students. This article argues that recovering spiritual and moral ideals of xixin (cleansing the heart) in the Yijing through the lens of analytical psychology informs a therapeutic approach that, while sidestepping the psychologization of subjectivity, supports cosmological and ethical notions of the self in China and beyond.
Perceived benefits and tourist willingness to pay more in national forest parks: The moderating roles of ecocentrism, collectivism, and power distance
Authors: Zhou Bin , Wang Yuxin , Huang Songshan (Sam) , Qiao Guanghui
Published: January 2025

Based on social exchange theory and value–belief–norm theory, this study examines the effects of perceived benefits on tourists’ willingness to pay more (WTPM) in a national forest park in China, and the moderation roles of ecocentrism, collectivism, and power distance in these effects. The analyses on a sample of 556 tourists visiting Qiandao Lake National Forest Park showed that relaxation benefits and health benefits had a positive effect on tourists’ WTPM. In addition, collectivism and power distance positively moderated the effect of relaxation benefits on tourists’ WTPM; collectivism moderated the effect of health benefits on tourists’ WTPM. The research contributes to an enriched understanding of tourists’ WTPM in nature-based tourist attractions. Insightful management implications are provided for forest park destinations to better understand and manage tourist perceptions and behaviors.
Sociology of Everyday Life in the Past and Future Uses of the Mass Observation Project: Methodology, Materiality and Personal Life
Authors: Balmer Andrew , Hodgson James , Holmes Helen , May Vanessa , Pattrick Kirsty
Published: January 2025

This article, celebrating the 30th anniversary of Sociological Research Online, explores the sociological uses of the Mass Observation Project (MOP) for the study of everyday life. Mass Observation has been entangled with British sociology since the growth of the movement in the early 20th century, but has found most use as an archive for historians. After a hiatus in the mid-20th century, MO was renewed in the 1980s, with a new panel of respondents, as the Mass Observation Project. Directives for MOP started to come from sociologists in the 1990s, and following a series of digitisation efforts, the MOP has found increasing use in contemporary sociology. The article reviews some of the ways in which MOP has been written about in Sociological Research Online. It explores thinking on qualitative methodology and the particularities of mass observation data; material culture in and of the archive; and family and personal life. We explore and reflect upon the disconnection between publishing on mass observation as a methodology, and using mass observation data to explore sociological themes, arguing for a more synthetic approach that understands the value of the archive’s nature in understanding sociological issues. We conceptualise this as ‘dual materiality’ and conclude by posing some questions about the sociological futures of Mass Observation.
Embracing emotions: A case study of Latin American paternalistic leadership in a German MNC
Authors: Chenet Ugarte Tuzienka , Barmeyer Christoph
Published: January 2025

Leadership studies have predominantly relied on Western-centric concepts and models, often neglecting the particularities of context-specific leadership approaches. This imbalance highlights the need for more contextualised and culturally sensitive research to deepen our understanding of leadership practices in intercultural contexts. Therefore, this study adopts a contextualised and culturally sensitive approach that emphasises specific nuances and variations in paternalistic leadership practices. Building on this perspective, we propose an understanding of Paternalistic Leadership (PL) that goes beyond a simplistic dyad, recognising the cultural specificities that shape a ‘hybrid’ form of PL, characterised by a humanistic and a person-oriented dimension that prioritises building interpersonal relationships and fostering emotional bonds, as found in Latin American societies. We also explore its adoption outside its traditional cultural contexts, particularly in intercultural settings, an area that has rarely been explored in Cross-Cultural Management (CCM) and leadership research. To address this gap, we conducted a qualitative case study with a female leader from Chile and her multicultural team in a German multinational corporation (MNC). Our findings suggest that this ‘hybrid’ form of PL was embraced, as it was both adopted by the leader and accepted by the followers through leadership practices and behaviours characterised by emotional engagement, a balanced approach between control and care, and the leader’s multicultural experiences. Furthermore, we offer insights into how leaders from non-Western cultures navigate leadership in Western MNCs.
Match performance analysis on the Chinese football association super league: A systematic review
Authors: Wang Zhaoyang , Fang Zuoming , Dai Ruochen , Niu Zunqi , Liu Hongyou
Published: January 2025

Founded in the year of 2004, the 20-year-old Chinese Football Association Super League (CSL) serves as a representative of the development of Asian football. Research focused on match performance within the CSL has gained momentum in recent years. This study provides a systematic review of match performance analysis in the CSL, detailing the analytical methods, core topics, major findings, and current research trends. Following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses), a structured search was conducted in the Web of Science (WOS), PubMed and Scopus databases using targeted keyword combinations, initially identifying 184 studies. After thorough screening, 45 studies were included in the review. These studies were classified into three categories: descriptive analyses, comparative analyses, and predictive analyses. Findings reveal that comparative and predictive analyses are dominant, while descriptive analysis remains essential for data contextualisation. Technical and physical performance analyses are the main research topics to date. Observations suggest the CSL is evolving toward a high-intensity style, with foreign players and substitutes playing pivotal roles. Contextual and environmental factors have been shown to substantially impact match performance. Future research will likely trend towards standardised definitions, speed zones and data, expanding studies on contextual and environmental factors with an emphasis on tactical analysis, goalkeeper performance, set-piece situations, and distinct phases of play.
Early surgical intervention for Parsonage–Turner Syndrome after COVID-19 infection results in improved outcomes
Authors: Chim Harvey
Published: January 2025

Parsonage–Turner Syndrome after COVID-19 infection or vaccination is rare. Motor, sensory deficits and neuropathic pain may result from inflammation and compression around the brachial plexus. Early surgical intervention in patients with significant motor deficits may result in improved outcomes.
Guiding organizations in the digital era: Tools and metrics for success
Authors: Fantozzi Italo C , Olhager Jan , Johnsson Charlotta , Schiraldi Massimiliano M
Published: January 2025

This study develops a strategic framework to guide the adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies across various business sectors. Using a mixed-methods approach, the research combines an extensive literature review with empirical investigations, including case studies and surveys with industry practitioners. The framework integrates advanced digital technologies, such as artificial intelligence and immersive solutions, and provides specific indicators to measure adoption progress. Key findings highlight critical business areas benefiting from digital transformation, such as production, operations management, and IT, showcasing improvements in resource management, operational efficiency, and innovation capabilities. The study’s originality lies in its comprehensive and actionable framework, validated through empirical data and aligned with international standards, offering practical tools for businesses navigating digital transformation.
The effect of caregiver opinion leaders to increase demand for evidence-based practices for youth anxiety: A cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Crane Margaret E. , Atkins Marc S. , Becker Sara J. , Purtle Jonathan , Dysart Gillian C. , Keller Sydney , Brauer Olivia , Tiwari Sirina E. , Olino Thomas M. , Baez Lara , Lestino John , Kendall Philip C.
Published: January 2025

Background

Dissemination initiatives have the potential to increase consumer knowledge of and engagement with evidence-based treatments (e.g., cognitive behavioral therapy [CBT]). Opinion leaders (OLs) have been used in public health campaigns, but have not been examined for the dissemination of mental health treatments. This study uses the Theory of Planned Behavior to test the dissemination strategy of involving an OL in an educational presentation to increase caregiver demand for CBT for youth anxiety.

Method

Participants ( N = 262; 92% female; 69% White, 82% non-Hispanic) were caregivers who registered for a virtual presentation on youth anxiety treatment through their child's school. Schools within 1.5-hr drive of Philadelphia, PA were cluster-randomized ( k = 25; two-arm prospective randomization) to the OL condition (presented by a clinical researcher and local caregiver OL; n = 119 participants) or the researcher-only condition ( n = 143 participants). Presentations occurred from May 2021 to May 2022. Measures were completed pre- and post-presentation and at 3-month follow-up.

Results

Relative to the researcher co-presenter, participants rated the OL as significantly more relatable, familiar, similar, and understanding of their community, but less credible than the researcher co-presenter. In both conditions, there was a significant pre-post increase in participants’ knowledge of, attitudes about, subjective norms related to, and intention of seeking CBT for youth anxiety, but not stigma. Presentation conditions did not differ in change on these measures, or on rates of seeking youth anxiety CBT at follow-up.

Conclusions

Although involvement of a caregiver OL did not increase caregiver demand for evidence-based treatment for youth anxiety, the outreach presentation was associated with increases in knowledge of, attitudes about, subjective norms related to, and intention to seek CBT for youth anxiety. Involving OLs in researcher-delivered dissemination efforts may not be necessary for all consumer audiences, but may be beneficial for engendering a sense of relatability, similarity, and connection with disseminators.
Deciphering the complex clonal heterogeneity of polycythemia vera and the response to interferon alpha
Authors: Kalmer Milena , Grasshoff Martin , Maié Tiago , Pannen Kristina , Toledo Marcelo A.S. , Vieri Margherita , Olschok Kathrin , Lemanzyk Rebecca , Lazarevic Jelena , Junge Baerbel , Baumeister Julian , Galauner Angela , Chapal-Ilani Noa , Bar Dror , Colin Elia , Cheng Mingobo , Schifflers Joelle , Kricheldorf Kim , Schemionek Mirle , Brümmendorf Tim Henrik , Weiskirchen Ralf , Shlush Liran , Zenke Martin , Chatain Nicolas , Costa Ivan G , Koschmieder Steffen
Published: January 2025

Interferon alpha (IFNa) is approved for the therapy of patients (pts) with polycythemia vera (PV), a subtype of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). Some pts achieve molecular responses (MR), but clonal factors sensitizing for MR remain elusive. We integrated colony formation and differentiation assays with single-cell RNA seq and genotyping in PV-derived cells vs. healthy controls (HC) to dissect how IFNa targets diseased clones during erythroid differentiation. IFNa significantly decreased colony growth in MPN and HC, with variable transcriptional responses observed in individual colonies. scRNAseq of colonies demonstrated more mature erythroid PV-derived colonies compared with HC. JAK2V617F-mutant cells exhibited upregulated STAT5A, heme, and G2M checkpoint pathways compared to JAK2WT cells from the same pts. Subgroup analysis revealed that IFNa significantly decreased immature erythrocytic cells in PV (basophilic erythroblasts p<0.05; polychromatic erythroblasts p<0.05) but not in HC. CD71-/CD235a+ cells from HC (p<0.05) but not from PV pts were inhibited by IFNa, and number of reticulocytes was less affected in PV. Robust IFNa responses persisted throughout differentiation, leading to significant apoptosis in PV. Apoptotic cells displayed downregulation of ribosomal genes. This link between apoptosis and ribosomal genes was corroborated through analysis of mitochondrial variants demonstrating IFNa-induced eradication of specific clones, characterized by elevated expression of ribosomal genes. Our findings indicate that PV-derived clones either undergo apoptosis or pass through differentiation, overall reducing cycling mutant cells over long-term treatment. Further, the significance of ribosomal genes and clonal prerequisites in IFNa's therapeutic mechanism is underscored, shedding light on the intricate dynamics of IFNa treatment in PV.
Efficacy and safety of dapsone in adult primary immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Larue Marion , Moulis Guillaume , Rueter Manuela , Audia Sylvain , Terriou Louis , Viallard Jean-François , Pan-Petesch Brigitte , Royer Bruno , Bonnotte Bernard , Galicier Lionel , Lambotte Olivier , Lefrere Francois Y , Cheze Stéphane , Ebbo Mikael , Duong Tu-Anh , Boutin Emmanuelle , Languille Laetitia , Mahevas Matthieu , Godeau Bertrand , Canoui-Poitrine Florence , Michel Marc
Published: January 2025

To assess efficacy and safety of dapsone in adult immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), a multicenter randomized controlled trial (RCT) and a real-word study cohort were performed. Participants were adults with primary ITP, transient response to corticosteroids ± intravenous immunoglobulin, and a platelet count ≤ 30x109/L (or ≤ 50x109/L with bleeding). Patients in the RCT were randomized in arm A (prednisone x3weeks+dapsone for 12 months) or arm B (prednisone alone). The observational study involved dapsone initiation at 100 mg/d with standard follow-up. The primary endpoint was the response rate (platelet count >30x109/L and ≥2×baseline) at 52 weeks, with the response rate at 24 weeks and adverse events as secondary endpoints. The RCT enrolled 93 patients (54.8% female), median age 48.5 years (46 in arm A, 47 in arm B). In the intention-to-treat analysis, 78.3% of patients in group A discontinued dapsone after a median of 4.6 weeks due to adverse events (66.7%) or lack of efficacy (33.3%). The response rate at week 52 was 21.7% (95% CI:10.9%-36.4%) in group A versus 8.5% (95% CI:2.7%-18.6%) in group B (p=0.17). The observational study, which was conducted after the end of the RCT, included 46 patients (52.2% female), median age 50.7 years. Adverse events occurred in 30.4%, leading to discontinuation of dapsone in 23.9%, and 13.6% (95% CI: 5.2%-27.4%) met the primary efficacy endpoint. Results from both studies showed an unfavorable risk-benefit ratio for the use of dapsone in adult primary ITP and suggest that, whenever available, second-line options should be used. NCT02627417, NCT02877706
Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with self-locking standalone cage for the treatment of cervical degenerative disc disease in patients over 80 years
Authors: Zhou Jian , Hu An’nan , Zhou Xiaogang , Dong Jian
Published: January 2025

Background

The need for anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) for cervical degenerative disc disease (CDDD) will probably grow dramatically in the geriatric population. However, ACDF with self-locking standalone cages in patients over 80 years has not yet been investigated. This study aimed to assess the clinical and radiographic results in patients over 80 years treated by ACDF with self-locking standalone cages.

Methods

Between January 2018 and December 2019, patients with CDDD treated with ACDF were retrospectively stratified into two groups: the older group (≥ 80 years) and the younger group (< 65 years). The data collected included the demographics, preoperative comorbidities, intraoperative parameters, length of hospital stay, complications, clinical scores, and radiological parameters.

Results

A total of 123 patients were included in the study. The mean follow-up duration was 28.3 ± 2.4 months. The hospital stay was 5.3 ± 0.6 days and 3.8 ± 0.4 days, respectively, for the older and younger groups. Postoperative complication rate was found higher in the older group than that of the young group without significance. All the patient-reported outcome parameters had significant improvement at the final follow-up. The two groups had no significant differences in terms of the excellent and reasonable rates, fusion rate, and the C2–C7 Cobb angle.

Conclusions

Although a slightly higher incidence of complications, poorer recovery rate, and more extended hospital stay were found, without significant differences, satisfactory clinical and radiographic results were obtained in the older patients. The self-locking standalone cage is a safe and viable option for patients over 80 years who suffer from CDDD.

Level of evidence Level IV.
The potential of Curcuma longa L. bioactive compounds as RSK inhibitors for the treatment of prostate cancer: in silico study
Authors: Elekofehinti Olusola Olalekan , Taiwo Foluso Adeola , Akinjiyan Moses Orimoloye , Adetoyi Ifeoluwa Rachael , Ayodeji Folasade Oluwatobiloba , Oluwatuyi Adedotun Olayemi , Akintoye Oluwapelumi Nifesimi , Kehinde Idayat Oyinkansola , Adedapo Bolanle Esther , Iwaloye Opeyemi
Published: January 2025

Background

The second most seen malignancy occurrence among males is prostate cancer. The p90 ribosomal s6 kinase (RSK) has attracted increased attention due to its overexpression in cancer cells, especially prostate cancer cells. Significant progress has been made recently to develop RSK inhibitors to treat prostate cancer, but these efforts have shown limited success.

Methods

Molecular docking and other computational analysis procedures using the Schrodinger suite were used to predict in silico the ability of bioactive compounds from turmeric (Curcuma longa) to bind effectively to RSK as potent inhibitors. Forty-three (43) selected compounds from turmeric were screened against RSK. After the molecular and induced-fit docking, the hit compounds were later subjected to ADMET, MMGBSA, and QSAR analyses using the Schrödinger suite.

Results

Five bioactive compounds may be possible lead drugs for the treatment of prostate cancer because they have the lowest binding energies, ranging from − 9.0 kcal/mol to − 11.00 kcal/mol, and have better pharmacokinetic qualities than the standard drugs docetaxel, enzalutamide, and abiraterone. The ligand and receptor had induced fit scores of − 8.511, − 6.977, − 8.671, − 9.548, and − 8.287 for 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 8-hydroxyl-ar-turmeron, bisdemethoxycurcumin, Curcumin II, and demethoxycurcumin, respectively. These hit compounds after ADMET prediction do not violate Lipinski's rule of five.

Conclusion

The work suggested that turmeric phytocompounds are effective RSK inhibitors for prostate cancer treatment. Further in vivo and in vitro investigations can confirm these findings.
Mortality in the families of children during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from a repeated cross-sectional study of children in the United States
Authors: Chua Kao-Ping , Conti Rena M. , Becker Nora V.
Published: January 2025

Background

Modeling studies suggest that hundreds of thousands of U.S. children have lost caregivers since the COVID-19 pandemic began. However, few studies have directly evaluated changes in mortality in the families of U.S. children using patient-level data, characterized adult decedents and their surviving children, or accounted for the loss of the adult siblings of children.

Methods

We conducted a repeated cross-sectional analysis using Optum’s De-identified Clinformatics® Data Mart, a national claims database that includes privately insured children and families across the U.S. We identified families of children aged 0–17 years enrolled in a family plan during each month in 2016–2021. Among these families, we calculated the proportion with ≥ 1 death of an adult family member aged ≥ 18 years enrolled in the plan, including young adult dependents aged 18–25 years. We used descriptive statistics to assess the age and sex of adult decedents and their surviving children. Moreover, we calculated the proportion of adult decedents who were the siblings of children.

Results

From January 2016 through February 2020, the median monthly proportion of families with ≥ 1 adult death was 0.000076 (7.6 per 100,000 families). This rose to 12.1 per 100,000 families in December 2020, fell below the pre-pandemic median during March-July 2021, and exceeded this median for most months during August-December 2021. Among adult decedents, 63.8% were male and mean age was 44.8 (11.4) years. Among surviving children, 59.5% were adolescents aged 12–17 years. Among adult decedents, 4.8% were the siblings of children.

Conclusions

During the pandemic, the proportion of privately insured children experiencing the loss of an adult family members varied over time, with the highest rates occurring at the end of 2020 and the second half of 2021. Some children lost adult siblings, suggesting that screening for child bereavement should include all family members, not just parents/guardians.
Exploring variation in the six-month review for stroke survivors: a national survey of current practice in England
Authors: Holmes Rich , Ackerley Suzanne , Fisher Rebecca J , Connell Louise A
Published: January 2025

Background

The Six-Month Review (6MR) was introduced in the United Kingdom to provide a holistic, systematic review of the ongoing needs faced by stroke survivors. However, a theoretical underpinning regarding how it should work is lacking, potentially leading to wide variation in service provision. This study aimed to understand the current degree of variation in 6MR delivery across England and explore the potential driving factors.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted via an online survey distributed to 6MR services within England. Data were collected over 12 weeks in 2023. Descriptive statistics were used to demonstrate the degree of variation in service delivery, and associations were explored between features of the 6MR service and contextual factors.

Results

Ninety-two responses were received, representing approximately 53% of 6MR services in England. Wide variation was observed in relation to service structure, content and processes, and in how outcomes, experience and effectiveness are measured. A number of significant associations were observed between features of the 6MR and contextual factors, most commonly, in relation to the provider organisation.

Conclusions

This study highlights the degree of variation in 6MR delivery across England. The provider organisation may be a driving factor for this variation that warrants further investigation. Future research should focus on understanding how, and under what circumstances, the 6MR works so that its effectiveness can be evaluated and best practice established.
The impact of universal mental health screening on stigma in primary schools
Authors: Songco Annabel , Francis Deanna A. , McDermott Emma A. , Lim Chloe Y. S. , Allsop Abigail , Croguennec Joseph , Sicouri Gemma , Mackinnon Andrew , Hudson Jennifer L.
Published: January 2025

Background

Primary school students struggling with mental health are less likely than high school students to access mental health care, due to barriers such as mental health stigma and low mental health literacy among children and parents. The near universal reach of schools offers a potential avenue to increase access to mental health care through early identification. The potential risks of this approach also need to be understood. This study monitored the impact of universal screening for mental health symptoms on stigma and mental health outcomes for primary school students.

Methods

Across 6 primary schools, a cluster randomised controlled trial allocated schools to one of two conditions. Conditions varied based on the order and frequency of symptom and stigma questionnaires. A sample of 798 children (8 to 13 years; Mage = 10.29) completed assessments at baseline, 6-week, and 12-week follow-ups.

Results

Significant time-by-group interaction effects were present, indicating differing changes in mental health stigma between groups. Follow-up analyses of subscales showed significant time-by-group interaction effects for concerns around self-stigma and secrecy, but not for public stigma. The frequency and presentation order of the questionnaires impacted on mental health stigma. Initially, children reporting on mental health symptoms before stigma, reported heightened stigma, but over time, those receiving more frequent presentations of the symptom check experienced an overall stigma reduction, contrasting with an increase in the comparison group.

Conclusion

The frequency and presentation order of mental health symptom assessments impact children’s reports of mental health stigma, underscoring the importance of screening context. Potential screening harms, such as exacerbating self-stigma and secrecy, warrant consideration. Addressing stigma-related barriers is crucial for enhancing mental health care access for children in schools.

Trial registration Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12622001114730) https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=384472 Date of trial registration: 12th August 2022.
MRI-based deep learning radiomics to differentiate dual-phenotype hepatocellular carcinoma from HCC and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a multicenter study
Authors: Wu Qian , Zhang Tao , Xu Fan , Cao Lixiu , Gu Wenhao , Zhu Wenjing , Fan Yanfen , Wang Ximing , Hu Chunhong , Yu Yixing
Published: January 2025

Objectives

To develop and validate radiomics and deep learning models based on contrast-enhanced MRI (CE-MRI) for differentiating dual-phenotype hepatocellular carcinoma (DPHCC) from HCC and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC).

Methods

Our study consisted of 381 patients from four centers with 138 HCCs, 122 DPHCCs, and 121 ICCs (244 for training and 62 for internal tests, centers 1 and 2; 75 for external tests, centers 3 and 4). Radiomics, deep transfer learning (DTL), and fusion models based on CE-MRI were established for differential diagnosis, respectively, and their diagnostic performances were compared using the confusion matrix and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC).

Results

The radiomics model demonstrated competent diagnostic performance, with a macro-AUC exceeding 0.9, and both accuracy and F1-score above 0.75 in the internal and external validation sets. Notably, the vgg19-combined model outperformed the radiomics and other DTL models. The fusion model based on vgg19 further improved diagnostic performance, achieving a macro-AUC of 0.990 (95% CI: 0.965–1.000), an accuracy of 0.935, and an F1-score of 0.937 in the internal test set. In the external test set, it similarly performed well, with a macro-AUC of 0.988 (95% CI: 0.964–1.000), accuracy of 0.875, and an F1-score of 0.885.

Conclusions

Both the radiomics and the DTL models were able to differentiate DPHCC from HCC and ICC before surgery. The fusion models showed better diagnostic accuracy, which has important value in clinical application.

Critical relevance statement

MRI-based deep learning radiomics were able to differentiate DPHCC from HCC and ICC preoperatively, aiding clinicians in the identification and targeted treatment of these malignant hepatic tumors.

Key Points

Fusion models may yield an incremental value over radiomics models in differential diagnosis.

Radiomics and deep learning effectively differentiate the three types of malignant hepatic tumors.

The fusion models may enhance clinical decision-making for malignant hepatic tumors.

Graphical Abstract
Thermal insulation of military boots using a thermal foot manikin in cold environments
Authors: Lee Minhee , Stenkina Maria , Yeo Yongheon , Lee Joo-Young
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this study was to investigate the thermal insulation of military boots using a thermal foot manikin, and to examine environmental and technical factors to determine their thermal insulation. Three Korean and four US military boots were chosen along with four occupational boots. All measurements were conducted at air temperatures of 21, 0, and − 5 °C with an airflow of < 0.15 m s−1. The following two calculations of thermal insulation were compared: (1) a method using values obtained from all nine zones of the foot manikin [entire-zone method], and (2) a method using values from only zones covered by the boot [partial-zone method]. The results showed that the total insulation (I
T) of the 11 protective boots ranged from 0.9 to 1.2 clo per boot and no differences in thermal insulation across the three air temperatures were found. Thermal insulation had a significant and strong relationship with the thickness of the boot layer (r = 0.905, P < 0.001), whereas there was no relationship between the thermal insulation and the boot mass. The thermal insulation of military boots was 81% explained by the thickness of the boot layer alone, and 94% by both the thickness of the boot layer and boot mass (P < 0.001). Thermal insulation based on the partial-zone method was 26% greater than the values using the entire zone method. We proposed design strategies for military boots according to zonal power consumption.
Advancing cancer therapy with custom-built alternating electric field devices
Authors: Jobson Isobel , Vo Nguyen T. N. , Kujawinski Edward , Denning Chris , Stolnik Snow , Chauhan Veeren M. , Rawson Frankie
Published: January 2025

Background

In glioblastoma (GBM) therapy research, tumour treating fields by the company Novocure™, have shown promise for increasing patient overall survival. When used with the chemotherapeutic agent temozolomide, they extend median survival by five months. However, there is a space to design alternative systems that will be amenable for wider use in current research. Therefore, we sought to establish a custom-built alternating electric field device to investigate the effect of electrode design on the responsiveness of cancer cells to this therapy.

Methods

A 96-well microtiter plate modified with an electrode array was fabricated to investigate its application as an in vitro alternating electric field device. This was initially performed with patient-derived GCE 31 and GIN 31 cell lines found in the core and invasive margin of the GBM tumour, respectively. We sought to establish the effect of the application of low-intensity (3 V/ cm) electric fields with an application duration of 4—48 h, using intermediate frequency (300 kHz) alternating currents (AC). To demonstrate that electric fields were entering the cell, GCE 31 and GIN 31 cells were treated with the inorganic, non-conductive zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NP), previously demonstrated to enhance the efficacy of TTFs. After a 4-h exposure to NP, cells were then exposed to alternating electric fields or currents and their metabolic activity was assessed. To better understand how the position and morphology of cells can affect cell therapy responsiveness to alternating electric fields or currents, GBM results were compared to those from the semi-adherent brain tumour cell line, D425.

Results

Contrary to previous findings, there was no significant difference between the GIN 31 and GCE 31 cells exposed to alternating electric fields or currents treated with or without NP compared to cells untreated and unstimulated. D425 cells exposed to alternating electric fields exhibited a pronounced metabolic increase (1.8-fold), while those exposed to alternating electric currents with or without ZnO had a reduced metabolism relative to the untreated control.

Conclusions

The initial hypothesis for the lack of effect of electrical stimulation on the adherent cells was that, due to only a single pair of electrodes being used, the proportion of cells that were in the correct orientation for electric field effects was limited. However, the dramatic shift in cell behaviour of the semi-adherent cells shows that cell morphology plays an important role in the responsiveness of cancer cells to AC electric fields. This study highlights the lack of understanding of the complex mechanisms by which electric fields exert effects on cancer cells. We propose that, for the therapy to be enhanced for patients, research should first focus on the underlying mechanisms of action, specifically on how individual cancer cell types respond to this therapy.
You Don't Bring Me Flowers
Authors: Cappell Kathryn
Published: January 2025

Dr Cappell discusses the difficulty in protecting oncology patients without taking away things that bring them joy.
Navigating Disagreements on Health Information: How Patients With Cancer Perceive Health Care Providers' Approaches to Discussing Patient-Identified Information
Authors: Fridman Ilona , Smith Cambray , Barrett Amy , Johnson Skyler , Bhowmick Amrita , Hayes Sara , Elston Lafata Jennifer
Published: January 2025

PURPOSE

Although publicly available cancer-related information online and offline could help patients make informed decisions, it also poses challenges due to prevalent misinformation. Patients need proper provider guidance to ensure they use valid and relevant information in decisions. We identify effective communication approaches for providers when (1) discussing patient-identified information and (2) disagreeing with it.

METHODS

From June to August 2023, people living with cancer were reached via online communities and asked first about their actual experiences discussing patient-identified information with their providers. Respondents were then randomly assigned into an experiment with three hypothetical scenarios where providers disagreed with patient-identified information. Provider responses included (1) dismissal, (2) explanation, and (3) explanation with relationship-building elements. Pearson correlation and multivariable analysis of variance were used to evaluate differences in patient perceptions.

RESULTS

One hundred seventy-five respondents completed the survey. Mean age: 53 years; 45% female; and 88% White, 10% Black, and 2% others. Forty-six percent held Bachelor's degrees or higher, 11% lived rurally, 36% reported financial difficulties, and 46% rated their health as good/excellent. Between 31% and 37% of respondents reported their provider used communication approaches that negatively correlated with discussion outcomes. The approaches included avoidance of such conversations due to limited time, discouragement of future information searches, or judgmental comments. In the experiment, respondents randomly assigned to receive relationship-building elements were significantly more comfortable sharing information, felt more satisfied, respected, and trusted their provider's opinion more than those receiving the dismissal scenario. The explanation scenario was not perceived differently compared with the dismissal scenario.

CONCLUSION

More than a third of respondents reported negative communication when sharing patient-identified information with their provider. Provider prioritization of relationship-building alongside explanations could foster trust and facilitate open information exchange, supporting informed decisions.
Growth Hormone Increase Induced by Oral Administration of Melatonin in a Young Woman With Sleep Disturbances
Authors: Di Vincenzo Angelo , Zabeo Eva , Purificati Chiara , Rossato Marco
Published: January 2025

Growth hormone (GH) secretion by the pituitary is regulated by stimulatory and inhibitory pathways such as growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) and somatostatin, respectively, being also modulated by different neurotransmitters acting at the hypothalamic/pituitary level. The pineal gland hormone melatonin regulates GH secretion in many mammals, including humans, although its role in modulating GH secretion has been debated. We describe the case of a young woman chronically taking melatonin for sleep disturbances, referring to her general practitioner for flushing that appeared just after starting melatonin intake. Laboratory findings showed elevated plasma levels of GH and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). She did not show clinical features resembling acromegaly. The evaluation of pituitary and pituitary end organ hormones showed normal plasma levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), estradiol, free thyroid hormones, cortisol, and prolactin. Urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid levels were normal. One month after melatonin withdrawal, her plasma levels of GH, together with IGF-1, completely normalized. An oral glucose suppression test showed a normal response of GH secretion, further excluding an autonomous secretion. Physicians should be aware of the possible interference of melatonin on GH secretion to prevent misleading diagnosis of autonomous secretion thus avoiding valueless and costly clinical investigations.
An Appetite for Flames in the Japanese Art World during the 1980s
Authors: Winther-Tamaki Bert
Published: January 2025

A rash of fire-centered artistic practices—whether featuring live flames and smoke or charred wood and ash—were among the most sensational phenomena sponsored by institutions of contemporary art in Japan in the 1980s. This “fire art” flourished in an affluent period for Japan that was frequently termed the economic bubble due to skyrocketing real-estate prices which proved unsustainable when the bubble burst in the early 1990s. This economy also spurred sharp increases in energy consumption and the production of greenhouse gases leading to global warming. The Tokyo-centered art world was interlaced with transnational currents, and artists visiting from overseas helped satiate its appetite for artistic flames. The five Japanese and non-Japanese artists studied in this article had very different reasons for igniting fires, and the expressive sensibilities of their burnings ranged from the grim specter of an incinerated sarcophagus to the dazzling mountaintop explosion of gunpowder. Nonetheless, collectively their works may be assessed as a unique genre of fire art that was both critical and symptomatic of the promethean Japanese contributions to the Great Acceleration.
Out-of-Pocket Expenditure (OOPE) on Selected Surgeries in the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department incurred by Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY), Private Health Insurance and Uninsured Patients in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Karnataka state of India.
Authors: Kamath Sagarika , Sankar Acharya Siddhartha , Brand Helmut , Salins Prajwal , Verma Reena , Sumit Dr. Kumar , Prabhu Dr. Vidya , kamath rajesh
Published: January 2025

Introduction OOPE for healthcare services is a major concern within the Indian healthcare system. 30% of the population remains uninsured despite increasing health insurance coverage. For obstetrics and gynaecology (OBG) patients financial obstacles like OOPE can delay access to health care, evaluating spending patterns can inform policies to enhance accessibility, affordability and equitable health. Methodology A retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary care teaching hospital in Karnataka state of India to analyze OOPE for 905 OBG patients who underwent Cesarean Section(C-Section), Laparoscopic Hysterectomy, Laparoscopic Cystectomy, Laparoscopic Myomectomy and Laparoscopic Assisted Vaginal Hysterectomy (LAVH). These were the top five most performed obstetrics and gynecology surgeries in the tertiary care teaching hospital between January 2023 and July 2023. Data was collected across AB-PMJAY, private health insurance, uninsured patients and analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, median) and the Shapiro-Wilk test for data normality. Results The study analyzed OOPE across 905 OBG patients. Findings show AB-PMJAY provided full coverage with zero OOPE for all surgeries. Though private health insurance reduced OOPE compared to uninsured patients under private health insurance still faced significant financial burden. Variations existed in minimum and maximum OOPE and percentage of OOPE across different private insurances. All the uninsured patients incurred 100% OOPE, with a median OOPE of Rs. 33,257 (405.67 USD) to Rs. 57,053 (695.76 USD) and a mean OOPE of Rs. 39,848 (485.95 USD) to Rs. 60,687 (740 USD) across the surgeries. Discussion Findings of the study show that AB-PMJAY is highly effective in reducing OOPE and enhancing financial risk protection for OBG patients. Patients covered by private health insurance incurred less OOPE, yet the burden remained considerable. High OOPE rates for uninsured patients (100%) and private health insurance (38.15%) compared to 0% OOPE in AB-PMJAY emphasizes the need for the continued expansion of AB-PMJAY.
Forecasting in vivo pharmacokinetics of metformin HCl floating beads using Gastroplus® PBPK
Authors: Mahmood Sura Zuhair , Yousif Nora Zawar , Mohsin Mohamed Masar Basim
Published: January 2025

Background Diabetes mellitus type II is expected to impact large number of population worldwide. Among the available theraputic options, Metformin hydrochloride is a key medication, particularly for those who cannot effectively manage the condition through changes in diet and lifestyle alone. This research aimed to formulate floating Metformin HCl beads and developed a physiological based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model by using Gastroplus® software to predict their in vivo parameters from in vitro release study. Methods Sodium alginate-based MH floating beads were prepared by dissolving different concentrations of sodium alginate in deionized water, incorporating MH (1 g) and calcium carbonate (1.5 mg) as a gas-forming agent, and mixing at 200 rpm. The air-free dispersion, achieved through 30 minutes of sonication, was dropped into a 5% w/v calcium chloride solution containing 5% v/v isopropyl alcohol via a syringe for cross-linking and bead formation. Beads were cured in the solution for 30 minutes to enhance mechanical strength, then filtered, washed, and air-dried for 24 hours, ensuring uniformity and stability for controlled drug delivery and the prepared beads wereevaluated for their entrapment efficiency %, morphology, floating property and in vitro releasUltimately, using Gastroplus® software, to predict the pharmacokinetic profile of in vitro release results. Results Entrapment efficiency exhibited acceptable values and the beads were smooth rounded in shape for all formulations. The beads remained afloat during the release study; the release study revealed that F1 to F5 showed asymptotic slow-release, while F6 and F7 gave shorter release times. The prediction of absorption indicated highest MH absorption was in jejunum, then duodenum. Conclusion The prepared Beads had promising pharmacokinetic parameters and C max was close to MH modified released tablet.
Mapping out the scenarios of ocean energy scale-up based on the development of offshore wind
Authors: Pillet Anne-Caroline , Lehner Benjamin , Stark Simon , van der Zant Hinne
Published: January 2025

Background Our oceans remain one of the last untapped large sources of renewable energy. The predictability and reliability of marine energy technologies could contribute significantly to the global energy transition. By 2022, marine energy, and in particular wave and tidal energy have reached a pre-commercial phase in their development. Methods This study investigates the potential progression of the wave and tidal energy sector in the next three decades based on the offshore wind sector in the past three decades. Two different models were developed from the yearly capacity increase of offshore wind in Europe and applied to the wave and tidal energy sector. Results According to both models, the 40 GW 2050 target for marine energy set by the European Commission in 2020 could be reached if European coastal countries, including countries associated to the EU-27, adopt supportive policies for both technologies immediately. A sensitivity analysis shows further that a small delay right now will have tremendous negative impacts on fulfilling the EU goals and the contribution of marine energy to the energy transition. Conclusions The ocean energy sector shows a strong growth potential and is capable of supporting the European and global climate targets substantially by 2050. Lessons learned from the offshore wind sector can help scope and support the growth of marine energy technologies.
Il corpo come manifestazione del dolore: dallo stupro alla ‘‘defemminilizzazione’’.
Authors: Gaia di Cosmo Aurora
Published: January 2025

Il presente articolo, facendo luce sul duplice
significato del corpo femminile come
testimonianza del dolore fisico dello stupro
(nel caso di Modesta ne L’arte della gioia) e
come punto di forza per la l’emancipazione
del genere femminile, intende dimostrare
come per Goliarda raggiungere l’uguaglianza
dei sessi non è possibile, se non rinunciando
alla componente fondamentale della
corporalità, cioè la sfera sessuale, che segna,
secondo l’autrice, la loro totale sottomissione
agli uomini.
Code and Data Repository for Non-monotonicity of Branching Rules with Respect to Linear Relaxations
Authors: Shah Prachi , Dey Santanu S. , Molinaro Marco
Published: January 2025

The goal of this software is to computationally ascertain how common it is for the strong branching rule to exhibit non-monotonicity in practice. We do so by applying cover cuts on randomly generated multi-dimensional knapsacks as well as by considering cuts applied by SCIP on MIPLIB 2017 benchmark set. Our main insight from these experiments is that if the gap closed by cuts is small, change in tree size is difficult to predict, and often increases, possibly due to inherent non-monotonicity. However, when a sufficiently large gap is closed, a significant decrease in tree size may be expected.
Medication management in older adults: selecting antidepressants
Authors: Khozam Yvette , Nazarko Linda
Published: January 2025

Medication management in older adults presents unique challenges due to age-related physiological changes and increased comorbidities. This case study explores the selection of an appropriate antidepressant for an elderly male with multiple comorbid conditions and a recent episode of severe hyponatraemia likely caused by syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). Considering the patient's history of intolerance to mirtazapine and the risk of hyponatraemia with SSRIs, mianserin is recommended. A comprehensive monitoring and management plan is outlined to address hyponatraemia, falls risk, diabetes management, hypertension and chronic kidney disease.