bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Decadal Change in Seroprevalence of Chikungunya Virus Infection in Pune City, India
Authors: Tomar Shilpa Jagatram , Alagarasu Kalichamy , More Ashwini , Nadkarni Manasi , Bachal Rupali , Bote Minal , Patil Jayashri , Venkatesh Vasanthy , Parashar Deepti , Tandale Babasaheb Vishwanath
Published: May 2022

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an arthropod-borne virus capable of causing large outbreaks. We aimed to determine the decadal change in the extent of chikungunya virus infection from 2009 to 2019. We implemented a prospective cross-sectional survey in Pune City using a 30-cluster approach with probability-proportion-to-size (PPS) sampling, with blood samples collected from 1654 participants in early 2019. The study also included an additional 799 blood samples from an earlier serosurvey in late 2009. The samples were tested by an in-house anti-CHIKV IgG ELISA assay. The overall seroprevalence in 2019 was 53.2% (95% CI 50.7–55.6) as against 8.5% (95% CI 6.5–10.4) in 2009. A fivefold increase in seroprevalence was observed in a decade (p < 0.00001). The seroprevalence increased significantly with age; however, it did not differ between genders. Modeling of age-stratified seroprevalence data from 2019 coincided with a recent outbreak in 2016 followed by the low-level circulation. The mean estimated force of infection during the outbreak was 35.8% (95% CI 2.9–41.2), and it was 1.2% after the outbreak. To conclude, the study reports a fivefold increase in the seroprevalence of chikungunya infection over a decade in Pune City. The modeling approach considering intermittent outbreaks with continuous low-level circulation was a better fit and coincided with a recent outbreak reported in 2016. Community engagement and effective vector control measures are needed to avert future chikungunya outbreaks.
SARS-CoV-2 Envelope (E) Protein Binds and Activates TLR2 Pathway: A Novel Molecular Target for COVID-19 Interventions
Authors: Planès Rémi , Bert Jean-Baptiste , Tairi Sofiane , BenMohamed Lbachir , Bahraoui Elmostafa
Published: May 2022

This paper presents a molecular characterization of the interaction between the SARS-CoV-2 envelope (E) protein and TLR2. We demonstrated that the E protein, both as a recombinant soluble protein and as a native membrane protein associated with SARS-CoV-2 viral particles, interacts physically with the TLR2 receptor in a specific and dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, we showed that the specific interaction with the TLR2 pathway activates the NF-κB transcription factor and stimulates the production of the CXCL8 inflammatory chemokine. In agreement with the importance of NF-κB in the TLR signaling pathway, we showed that the chemical inhibition of this transcription factor leads to significant inhibition of CXCL8 production, while the blockade of the P38 and ERK1/2 MAP kinases only results in partial CXCL8 inhibition. Overall, our findings propose the envelope (E) protein as a novel molecular target for COVID-19 interventions: either (i) by exploring the therapeutic effect of anti-E blocking/neutralizing antibodies in symptomatic COVID-19 patients, or (ii) as a promising non-spike SARS-CoV-2 antigen candidate for inclusion in the development of next-generation prophylactic vaccines against COVID-19 infection and disease.
Molecular Characterization and Pathogenesis of H6N6 Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses Isolated from Mallard Ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) in South Korea
Authors: Durairaj Kaliannan , Trinh Thuy-Tien Thi , Yun Su-Yeon , Yeo Seon-Ju , Sung Haan-Woo , Park Hyun
Published: May 2022

The subtype H6N6 has been identified worldwide following the increasing frequency of avian influenza viruses (AIVs). These AIVs also have the ability to bind to human-like receptors, thereby increasing the risk of animal-human transmission. In September 2019, an H6N6 avian influenza virus—KNU2019-48 (A/Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos)/South Korea/KNU 2019-48/2019(H6N6))—was isolated from Anas platyrhynchos in South Korea. Phylogenetic analysis results revealed that the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of this strain belongs to the Korean lineage, whereas the neuraminidase (NA) and polymerase basic protein 1 (PB1) genes belong to the Chinese lineage. Outstanding internal proteins such as PB2, polymerase acidic protein, nucleoprotein, matrix protein, and non-structural protein belong to the Vietnamese lineage. Additionally, a monobasic amino acid (PRIETR↓GLF) at the HA cleavage site; non-deletion of the stalk region (residue 59–69) in the NA gene; and E627 in the PB2 gene indicate that the KNU2019-48 isolate is a typical low-pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) virus. The nucleotide sequence similarity analysis of HA revealed that the highest homology (97.18%) of this isolate is to that of A/duck/Jiangxi/01.14 NCJD125-P/2015(H6N6), and the amino acid sequence of NA (97.38%) is closely related to that of A/duck/Fujian/10.11_FZHX1045-C/2016 (H6N6). An in vitro analysis of the KNU2019-48 virus shows a virus titer of not more than 2.8 Log10 TCID 50/mL until 72 h post-infection, whereas in the lungs, the virus is detected at 3 dpi (days post-infection). The isolated KNU2019-48 (H6N6) strain is the first reported AIV in Korea, and the H6 subtype virus has co-circulated in China, Vietnam, and Korea for half a decade. Overall, our study demonstrates that Korean H6N6 strain PB1-S375N, PA-A404S, and S409N mutations are infectious in humans and might contribute to the enhanced pathogenicity of this strain. Therefore, we emphasize the importance of continuous and intensive surveillance of the H6N6 virus not only in Korea but also worldwide.
PRRSV Induces HMGB1 Phosphorylation at Threonine-51 Residue to Enhance Its Secretion
Authors: Wang Rong , Zhang Jingyi , Fu Yu , Jia Linying , Zhang Yali , Bai Liang , Wang Weirong , Cheng Daxin , Liu Enqi
Published: May 2022

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) induces secretion of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) to mediate inflammatory response that is involved in the pulmonary injury of infected pigs. Our previous study indicates that protein kinase C-delta (PKC-delta) is essential for HMGB1 secretion in PRRSV-infected cells. However, the underlying mechanism in HMGB1 secretion induced by PRRSV infection is still unclear. Here, we discovered that the phosphorylation level of HMGB1 in threonine residues increased in PRRSV-infected cells. A site-directed mutagenesis study showed that HMGB1 phosphorylation at threonine-51 was associated with HMGB1 secretion induced by PRRSV infection. Co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) of HMGB1 failed to precipitate PKC-delta, but interestingly, mass spectrometry analysis of the HMGB1 co-IP product showed that PRRSV infection enhanced HMGB1 binding to ribosomal protein S3 (RPS3), which has various extra-ribosomal functions. The silencing of RPS3 by siRNA blocked HMGB1 secretion induced by PRRSV infection. Moreover, the phosphorylation of HMGB1 at threonine-51 was correlated with the interaction between HMGB1 and RPS3. In vivo, PRRSV infection also increased RPS3 levels and nuclear accumulation in pulmonary alveolar macrophages. These results demonstrate that PRRSV may induce HMGB1 phosphorylation at threonine-51 and increase its interaction with RPS3 to enhance HMGB1 secretion. This finding provides insights into the pathogenesis of PRRSV infection.
Relationships between Physico-Chemical Parameters and Taxonomic Structure of Benthic Macroinvertebrate Assemblages in Streams of West Cameroon
Authors: Kengne Fotsing Joséphine , Foto Menbohan Samuel , Meyer Albin , Leprêtre Alain , Usseglio-Polatera Philippe
Published: May 2022

Tropical rivers are strongly influenced by stormwaters, pollutants and agro-pastoral activities. These systems are no longer able to maintain their native biota. Therefore, it seems important to understand how biological assemblages are driven by environmental gradients at different spatial scales. However, information on the relationships between the distribution of aquatic macroinvertebrates and environmental variables remains scarce in Cameroon. To improve our knowledge on the drivers of such distributions, a study was carried out at 11 contrasted sites from three catchments located in West Cameroon. This study aimed at understanding the spatio-temporal variations of 19 taxonomic metrics calculated for the benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages of these sites sampled during 13 months, concurrently with physico-chemical analyses of water quality. Two hundred and twelve taxa were caught. Diptera(rf-S), Shannon-Wiener diversity, 1–GOLD, total richness, Pielou evenness and Heteroptera(rf-S) revealed their high ability to respond to anthropogenic pressures or disturbances. Conductivity, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, nitrates, total hardness and alkalinity were identified as the main physico-chemical drivers of the taxonomic structure of benthic assemblages. These results will allow further exploration of the implementation of a tool for monitoring the ecological quality of West Cameroon rivers.
Metallic Iron for Water Remediation: Plenty of Room for Collaboration and Convergence to Advance the Science
Authors: Xiao Minhui , Hu Rui , Ndé-Tchoupé Arnaud Igor , Gwenzi Willis , Noubactep Chicgoua
Published: May 2022

Scientific collaboration among various geographically scattered research groups on the broad topic of “metallic iron (Fe0) for water remediation” has evolved greatly over the past three decades. This collaboration has involved different kinds of research partners, including researchers from the same organization and domestic researchers from non-academic organizations as well as international partners. The present analysis of recent publications by some leading scientists shows that after a decade of frank collaboration in search of ways to improve the efficiency of Fe0/H2O systems, the research community has divided itself into two schools of thought since about 2007. Since then, progress in knowledge has stagnated. The first school maintains that Fe0 is a reducing agent for some relevant contaminants. The second school argues that Fe0 in-situ generates flocculants (iron hydroxides) for contaminant scavenging and reducing species (e.g., FeII, H2, and Fe3O4), but reductive transformation is not a relevant contaminant removal mechanism. The problem encountered in assessing the validity of the views of both schools arises from the quantitative dominance of the supporters of the first school, who mostly ignore the second school in their presentations. The net result is that the various derivations of the original Fe0 remediation technology may be collectively flawed by the same mistake. While recognizing that the whole research community strives for the success of a very promising but unestablished technology, annual review articles are suggested as an ingredient for successful collaboration.
Combining Precision Viticulture Technologies and Economic Indices to Sustainable Water Use Management
Authors: Finco Adele , Bentivoglio Deborah , Chiaraluce Giulia , Alberi Matteo , Chiarelli Enrico , Maino Andrea , Mantovani Fabio , Montuschi Michele , Raptis Kassandra Giulia Cristina , Semenza Filippo , Strati Virginia , Vurro Filippo , Marchetti Edoardo , Bettelli Manuele , Janni Michela , Anceschi Emiliano , Sportolaro Carlo , Bucci Giorgia
Published: May 2022

The scarcity of water due to climate change is endangering worldwide the production, quality, and economic viability of growing wine grapes. One of the main mitigation measures to be adopted in the viticulture sector will be an adequate irrigation strategy. Irrigation involves an increasing demand for water, a natural limited resource with increasing availability problems for the foreseeable future. Therefore, the development of a precision irrigation system, which is able to manage the efficient use of water and to monitor the crop water stress, is an important research topic for viticulture. This paper, through the analysis of a case study, aims to describe the prototype of a software platform that integrates data coming from different innovative remote and proximal sensors to monitor the hydric stress status of the vineyard. In addition, by using a cost analysis of grape cultivation and implementing economic indices, this study examines the conditions by which irrigation strategies may be economically justified, helping the decision-making process. By combining different sensors, the platform makes it possible to assess the spatial and temporal variability of water in vineyards. In addition, the output data of the platforming, matched with the economic indices, support the decision-making process for winemakers to optimize and schedule water use under water-scarce conditions.
Prediction of Snowmelt Days Using Binary Logistic Regression in the Umbria-Marche Apennines (Central Italy)
Authors: Gentilucci Matteo , Pambianchi Gilberto
Published: May 2022

Snow cover in a mountain area is a physical parameter that induces quite rapid changes in the landscape, from a geomorphological point of view. In particular, snowmelt plays a crucial role in the assessment of avalanche risk, so it is essential to know the days when snowmelt is expected, in order to prepare operational alert levels. Moreover, melting of the snow cover has a direct effect on the recharge of the water table, as well as on the regulation of the vegetative cycle of mountain plants. Therefore, a study on snowmelt, its persistence on the ground, and the height of the snow cover in the Umbria-Marche Apennines in central Italy is of great interest, since this is an area that is extremely poorly sampled and analysed. This study was conducted on the basis of four mountain weather stations equipped with a recently installed sonar-based snow depth gauge, so that a relatively short period, 2010–2020, was evaluated. A trend analysis revealed non-significant decreases in snow cover height and snow persistence time, in contrast to the significant increasing trend of mean temperature, while parameters such as relative humidity and wind speed did not appear to have a dominant trend. Further analysis showed relationships between snowmelt and the climatic parameters considered, leading to the definition of a mathematical model developed using the binary logistic regression technique, and having a predictive power of 82.6% in the case of days with snowmelt on the ground. The aim of this study was to be a first step towards models aimed at preventing avalanche risk, hydrological risk, and plant species adaptation, as well as providing a more complete definition of the climate of the study area.
Hydrogeochemical and Isotopic Characteristics of the Hot Springs in the Litang Fault Zone, Southeast Qinghai–Tibet Plateau
Authors: Zhou Rui , Zhou Xiaocheng , Li Ying , He Miao , Li Jingchao , Dong Jinyuan , Tian Jiao , Li Kaiyue , Yan Yucong , Ouyang Shupei , Liu Fengli , Luo Zhixin
Published: May 2022

Based on the observation of the geochemical characteristics of 19 hot springs in the Litang Fault Zone (LFZ) from 2010 to 2019, the major elements, trace elements, and stable isotopes were investigated, and a conceptual model of ground fluid circulation in the LFZ was established. The main hydrochemical type of hot spring water samples is HCO3−-Na+. The δ2H values range from −157.6‰ to −123.4‰ and δ18O values range from −24.5‰ to −15.4‰. The hot spring water in the Litang fault zone is mainly recharged by infiltrating precipitation, with a recharge elevation of 4062~6018 m. Hydrochemical types of Litang hot springs are mainly controlled by the circulation of groundwater in a deep fault system, and are related to the rock lithology of thermal reservoir and water–rock reaction areas. Hot springs in the Litang fault zone attribute to three different heat sources, belonging to three geothermal systems. The flow direction of groundwater in the LFZ is roughly from northwest to southeast along the Litang fault. The deeper the circulation depth of hot spring water on the fault, the higher the thermal reservoir temperature and the stronger the seismic activity of the segment, which is closely related to the increase in pore fluid pressure, rock weakening, and deep fluid upwelling. This study is helpful for further study on regional hydrogeological environments and provides a scientific basis for revealing geothermal fluid movement in fault zones.
Effects of Closing Times and Laws on Water Hammer in a Ball Valve Pipeline
Authors: Han Yong , Shi Weidong , Xu Hong , Wang Jiabin , Zhou Ling
Published: May 2022

Water hammers seriously endanger the stability and safety of pipeline transportation systems, and its protection mechanism has been a hotspot for research. In order to study the change of water hammer pressure caused by the ball valve under different closing laws, the computational fluid dynamics method was used to perform transient numerical simulation of the ball valve under different closing times and closing laws. The results show that the faster the valve closing speed in the early stage, the greater the water hammer pressure. The vortex core motion and pressure vibration were affected by the closing law. Extending the valve closing time can effectively reduce the maximum water hammer pressure. These findings could provide reference for water hammer protection during the closing process of the pipeline system with the ball valve.
Estimating the Best Exponent and the Best Combination of the Exponent and Topographic Factor of the Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation under the Hydro-Climatic Conditions of Ethiopia
Authors: Tsige Manaye Getu , Malcherek Andreas , Seleshi Yilma
Published: May 2022

The effect of the topographic factor of the Modified Universal Soil Equation (MUSLE) on soil erosion and sediment yield is not clear. Except for the coefficient, soil erodibility, cover, and conservation practice factors of the MUSLE, an individual effect of the exponents and topographic factors of the MUSLE on soil erosion and sediment yield can be seen by applying the model at different watersheds. A primary objective of this paper is to estimate the best exponents and topographic factors of the MUSLE under the hydro-climatic conditions of Ethiopia. For the sake of the calibration procedure, the main factors of the MUSLE that directly affect the soil erosion process, such as cover, conservation practice, soil erodibility, and topographic factors, are estimated based on past experiences from the literature and comparative approaches, whereas the parameters that do not directly affect the erosion process or that have no direct physical meaning (i.e., coefficient a and exponent b) are estimated through calibration. We verified that the best exponent of the MUSLE is 1 irrespective of the topographic factor, which results in the maximum performance of the MUSLE (i.e., approximately 100%). The best exponent that corresponds to the best equation of the topographic factor is 0.57; in this case, the performance of the model is greater than or equal to 80% for all watersheds under our consideration. We expect the same for other watersheds of Ethiopia, while for other exponents and topographic factors, the performance of the model decreases. Therefore, for the conditions of Ethiopia, the original exponent of the MUSLE is changed from 0.56 to 0.57, and the best equations of the topographic factor are provided in this paper.
Electrode Microbial Communities Associated with Electron Donor Source Types in a Bioelectrochemical System Treating Azo-Dye Wastewater
Authors: Guo Zechong , Zhang Lu , Cui Min-Hua , Wang Aijie
Published: May 2022

Bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) have been acknowledged to be an efficient technology for refractory pollution treatment. An electron donor is as an indispensable element of BES, and domestic wastewater (DW) has been proved as a cost-efficient and accessible alternative option to expensive carbon sources (such as acetate and glucose), yet its effect on microbial community evolution has not been thoroughly revealed. In this study, the electrode microbial communities from BESs treating azo dye wastewater fed by DW (RDW), acetate (RAc), and glucose (RGlu) were systematically revealed based on 16S rRNA Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform. It was found that there were significant differences between three groups in microbial community structures. Desulfovibrio, Acinetobacter, and Klebsiella were identified as the predominant bacterial genera in RDW, RAc, and RGlu, respectively. Methanosaeta, the most enriched methanogen in all reactors, had a relative lower abundance in RDW. Microbial communities in RAc and RGlu were sensitive to electrode polarity while RDW was sensitive to electrode position. Compared with pure substrates, DW increased the diversity of microbial community and, thus, may enhance the stability of electrode biofilm. This study provides an insight into the microbial response mechanism to the electron donors and provides engineering implications for the development of BES.
Numerical Analysis of Motion Characteristics of Sliding or Rolling and Saltation of Sediment Particles under Turbulent Flow
Authors: Zhang Bangwen , Deng Anjun , Wang Dangwei , Shi Yang , Dong Xianyong
Published: May 2022

The processes of sediment particle movement were studied through numerical simulation using a coupled method with focus on discussing the characteristics of sliding or rolling and saltation sediment particles, respectively. Turbulent flow was simulated using large eddy simulation (LES). The sediment particle was simulated using the combined finite-discrete element method (FDEM). The interaction forces of turbulent flow and sediment particle were calculated using the immersed boundary method (IBM). It indicated that the collisions of saltating particle with low concentration increase the saltation length and flight time. In response, sediment particle velocity also increases. The particle angular velocity is largest at the takeoff moment, and decreases gradually in the saltation progress. The drag and lift forces near the bed are large, and away from the bed decrease and trend to be a stable value, gradually. From the relative magnitudes of the drag and lift forces, the lift force plays a more important role than the drag force in the sediment saltation. The relative magnitudes of drag and lift forces influence the incident and takeoff angles. The sediment transport rate calculated based on the characteristics of saltation sediment particles is overestimated, ignoring the effect of sliding or rolling sediment particles and inter-particle collisions.
Novel Water-Soluble Poly(terephthalic-co-glycerol-g-fumaric acid) Copolymer Nanoparticles Harnessed as Pore Formers for Polyethersulfone Membrane Modification: Permeability–Selectivity Tradeoff Manipulation
Authors: Rashid Khalid T. , Alayan Haiyam M. , Mahdi Alyaa E. , AL-Baiati Mohammad N. , Majdi Hasan Sh. , Salih Issam K. , Ali Jamal M. , Alsalhy Qusay F.
Published: May 2022

This work presents poly(terephthalic-co-glycerol-g-fumaric acid) (TGF) as a novel water-soluble polymeric nano-additive for the modification of a polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membrane. The TGF was harnessed as a pore former, aiming to improve the membrane surface porosity and hydrophilicity. Modified membranes were characterized to observe the influence of varying the TGF content on their hydrophilicity, porosity, morphological structure, and composition, as well as their entire performance. The results disclosed that porosity and hydrophilicity of the modified membrane prepared using 4 wt.% TGF content recorded an enhancement by 24% and 38%, respectively. Herein, the lower contact angle was mainly a reflection of the improved porosity, but not of the hydrophilic nature of water-soluble TGF. Furthermore, upon increasing the TGF content in the polymeric matrix, a more porous structure with longer finger-like micropores was formed. Moreover, a sponge-like layer clearly appeared near the bottom surface. Nevertheless, at optimum TGF content (4%), a clear enhancement in the water flux and BSA retention was witnessed by values of 298 LMH and 97%, respectively. These results demonstrate that the obtained permeation and separation behavior of the PES/TGF membrane could stand as a promising choice for water and wastewater treatment applications.
Isolation and Characterization of Lytic Bacteriophages Specific for Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli
Authors: Al-Mohammadi Abdul-Raouf , El-Didamony Gamal , Abd El Moneem Mohamed S. , Elshorbagy Ibrahim M. , Askora Ahmed , Enan Gamal
Published: May 2022

In this study, two lytic bacteriophages designated as vB_CjP and vB_CcM were isolated and evaluated for their ability to combat multidrug-resistant bacteria Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli, respectively. A morphological analysis of these phages by transmission electron microscopy revealed that the vB-CjP bacteriophage had a mean head dimension of 66.6 ± 2.1 nm and a short non-contractile tail and belongs to the Podoviridae family, whereas vB_CcM had a mean head dimension of 80 ± 3.2 nm, a contractile tail, and a length calculated to be 60 ± 2.5 nm and belongs to the Myoviridae family. The results of the host range assay showed that vB_CjP could infect 5 of 10 C. jejuni isolates, whereas vB_CcM could infect 4 of 10 C. coli isolates. Both phages were thermostable and did not lose their infectivity and ability to lyse their host following exposure to 60 °C for 10 min; furthermore, phage particles were relatively stable within a pH range of 6–8. A one-step growth curve indicated that the phages produced estimated burst sizes of 110 and 120 PFU per infected cell with latent periods of 10 and 15 min, for vB-CjP and vB-CcM, respectively. The lytic activity of these phages against planktonic Campylobacter showed that these phages were able to control the growth of Campylobacter in vitro. These results suggest that these phages have a high potential for phage applications and can reduce significantly the counts of Campylobacter spp. The lytic activity of vB-CjP and vB-CcM phages at different (MOIs) against multidrug resistance Campylobacter strains was evaluated. The bacterial growth was slightly delayed by both phages, and the highest efficiency of both phages was observed when MOI = 1 was applied.
A Review of Youth Mental Health Curricula in Peer-Reviewed Studies Addressing Access, Equity, and Belonging
Authors: Lobenstein Monica , Park-Mroch Jennifer , Crowley Lana , Bean Coley , Voss Maren
Published: May 2022

The goal of this literature review was to identify evidence-based curricula that support youth mental health with special attention to inclusion of access, equity, and belonging (AEB). Four databases were searched for peer-reviewed articles published between 2010 and 2019 related to youth mental health curricula. A total of 1446 articles were identified, and 171 articles underwent a full-text review. Of the 61 curricula identified, 44% addressed AEB to some extent and 65% showed program effectiveness. Four programs were recommended (Sources of Strength, Teen Mental Health First Aid, Dynamic Mindfulness, and Youth Mental Health First Aid) and eight conditionally recommended.
Fad Diets: Professional Development Needs Among Nutrition Agents in Select Southern States
Authors: McAlister Abigail , Green Vicky , Camel Simone , Fontenot Mary , Pope Janet
Published: May 2022

Because FCS agents teach communities about dietary guidelines, it is important that they are aware of the latest nutrition research. This study assessed FCS agents’ knowledge of popular fad diets (low-carbohydrate, intermittent fasting, detoxes and cleanses) and their potential adverse effects, and its relationship among location, certifications, years of experience, professional association memberships, and education. Agents in Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, and Mississippi were emailed a survey. RDN, DTR, and CHES certifications had significant associations (p = 0.03) with knowledge of adverse effects of fad diets. Agents who hold these credentials may have more knowledge about adverse effects of fad diets.
A Needs Assessment Survey of Southern California Pest Management Professionals
Authors: Taravati Siavash
Published: May 2022

Pest Management Professionals were surveyed in training workshops/meetings in Southern California between 2015 and 2017 to understand their needs, challenges, and view of integrated pest management. The most encountered pests by pest control technicians were ants, cockroaches, rodents, spiders, termites, and bed bugs. The most challenging pest groups to control were bed bugs, cockroaches, ants, and rodents. The main challenges that professionals faced in doing their work were regulations, followed by managing pests, and customer-related problems. Most participants had a favorable view of IPM. However, they faced several challenges in implementing IPM, among which customer-related issues were the most common.
Transformative Partnerships: Expanding Extension’s Capacity to Support Texans with Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Crocker Andrew , Bradley Morgan , Vaughn Shelby , Stalvey Beth
Published: May 2022

New partnerships to reach new audiences are key to Extension’s future (Harder, 2019). But partnership is enhanced through shared decision-making, co-creation of content, and leveraging non-overlapping expertise and experience (Bertsch et al., 2020; Israilov & Cho, 2017; Ostrom, 1996). Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service partnering with the Texas Council for Developmental Disabilities provides a novel approach to using statewide presence to the benefit of a partner seeking to expand its footprint (Alford, 2014; Ostrom, 1996) and is, itself, an outcome (Voorberg et al., 2015). Additionally, Texans with disabilities benefit through greater access to the education and resources the partnership produces.
Extension and Tourism: Previous Efforts, Current Trends, and the Future
Authors: Arbogast Doug , Eades Daniel , Goetz Stephan , Pan Yuxuan
Published: May 2022

This study highlights the results of a national survey of Extension land-grant and sea grant professionals designed to better understand their involvement in state/regional tourism programming and their perceptions of tourism related opportunities and challenges. This study demonstrates the breadth and importance of Extension’s tourism programing and continued challenges including limited investment and commitment by state institutions and the larger CES for core tourism program offerings. Investments in tourism programing are recommended as a way for Extension to maintain its relevancy, and better engage and address the community and economic development needs of traditional and emerging audiences.
EFECTO DE LA DENSIDAD Y ALTURA DE CORTE EN EL RENDIMIENTO Y CALIDAD DEL FORRAJE DE MAÍZ
Authors: González-Castañeda Fernando , Peña-Ramos Alfonso , Núñez-Hernández Gregorio , Jiménez-González Carlos A.
Published: May 2022

En este trabajo se evaluó el efecto de la densidad de población y la altura de corte sobre el rendimiento y valor nutritivo del maíz para forraje. El experimento se realizó en el Campo Experimental “Pabellón”, en Aguascalientes, México, con el híbrido comercial Halcón sembrado a tres densidades: 60 mil, 80 mil y 100 mil plantas/ha, y tres alturas de corte: 15, 30 y 45 cm. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques al azar con tres repeticiones y arreglo en parcelas divididas, donde la parcela mayor fue la densidad y la parcela menor la altura de corte. No se encontró efecto significativo (P ≤ 0.05) de la densidad ni de la interacción densidad x altura de corte en las variables de estudio, excepto en porcentaje de materia seca. Al aumentar la altura de corte disminuyó (P ≤ 0.05) el rendimiento de forraje seco de 21.5 a 18.6 t ha-1, se incrementó el porcentaje de elote de 39.6 a 43.1 %, disminuyó el contenido de fibra detergente neutro de 45.8 a 43.4 % y el de fibra detergente ácido de 25.5 a 23.3 %, y se incrementó la digestibilidad de 74.9 a 80.1 % y la producción estimada de leche por tonelada de materia seca de 837 a 1009 kg. La producción de leche por hectárea no varió (P > 0.05) con la altura de corte y presentó una media de 18.6 t ha-1. Los resultados indican que al incrementar la altura de corte se mejora el valor nutricional del forraje de maíz sin efecto de la densidad de población entre 60 y 100 mil plantas/ha.
Las didascalias como huella e interrupción entre el texto dramático y la puesta en escena
Authors:   , Conde Laura Gabriela
Published: May 2022

Esta investigación se propone abordar el estudio de las didascalias/lo didascálico como entre del texto dramático y la puesta en escena: un problema no solo técnico, ni meramente textual, cuyo espesor antropológico, acontecimental, diferrante y restante, convoca una interrogación específicamente teórica, además de crítica e histórica, a partir de algunas de las principales constantes del pensamiento contemporáneo acerca del lenguaje y la subjetividad.
Actinomyces and Kartagener syndrome: Case report and literature review
Authors: Martinez Montalvo Carlos Mauricio
Published: May 2022

Kartagener syndrome, which is part of the subgroup of the primary ciliary dyskinesias, predisposes to recurrent respiratory tract infections due to Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The case of a patient with a diagnosis of Kartagener syndrome in whom colonization by Pseudomonas fluorescens and pneumonia complicated with empyema by Actinomyces spp is a rare association in the literature, which is described below.
Karakteristik Fisikokimia dan Penerimaan Konsumen terhadap Pempek Ikan Lele dengan Penambahan Puree Wortel
Authors: Rozalia Disna , Mismawati Andi , Irawan Irman , Diachanty Seftylia , Zuraida Ita
Published: May 2022

The addition of carrot puree in catfish pempek is one of the diversification of pempek products and to increase the nutritional value contained in pempek. This study aims to determine the proximate composition (protein content, fat content, ash content, moisture content, and carbohydrates), color, and consumer acceptance of catfish pempek with the addition of carrot puree. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments of concentration of catfish meat and carrot puree, namely: A0 (70% fish meat and 0% carrot puree), A1 (60% fish meat and 10% carrot puree), A2 (fish meat and 10% carrot puree), 50% and carrot puree 20%), and A3 (40% fish meat and 30% carrot puree) and each treatment was repeated 3 times. The results of this study showed that the addition of carrot puree had a significant effect (p<0.05) on the moisture content, ash content, fat content, protein content, and carbohydrate content of catfish pempek. The hedonic test showed that 40% catfish meat and 30% carrot puree (A3) were the best treatments for the appearance and texture specifications of pempek with values of 5.42 and 5.38 (somewhat like). The best treatment for the taste and odor parameters of pempek was obtained from the addition of 50% fish meat and 20% carrot puree (A2) with values of 5.98 and 5.40, respectively (slightly like to like).
Daun Mangrove Sonneratia alba sebagai Teh Fungsional
Authors: Mandang Maria Sherina Sharon , Sahambangun Dara Enjelia , Masinambou Charles Dotulong , Dotulong Verly
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this review is to explore the antioxidant capacity of Sonneratia alba mangrove leaves to be developed into functional tea. The data collection was done by collecting literature through various types of databases (big data) including Google Scholar, Microsoft Academic, DOAJ, BASE, and DIMENSION. Articles were limited to research and review papers published between 2016 to 2020 . The following keywords were used: mangrove, Sonneratia alba, functional tea, phytochemicals, IC 50 DPPH, and yields. The results obtained from a literature study revealed that the extended extraction time with boiling water on the mangrove material can increase the yield. Also, literature searches indicated that the extraction of S. alba young leaves for 40, 50 and 60 minutes with boiling water resulted in phenolic, flavonoid, terpenoid, steroid, tannin and alkaloid phytochemical compounds. The existence of these compounds denoted the presence of antioxidant properties in the extracts. Furthermore, previous studies signified a higher phenol content and IC50 DPPH in S. alba leaves. The data from collected articles suggested that young leaves of S. alba mangrove could be developed as functional tea, rich in antioxidants and resistance in high temperature.Tujuan penulisan artikel ini adalah menggali potensi antioksidan daun mangrove Sonneratia alba untuk dikembangkan menjadi teh fungsional. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan penelusuran literatur melalui berbagai jenis database (big data) diantaranya yaitu Google Scholar, Microsoft Academic, DOAJ, BASE, Crossref, dan DIMENSION. Penelusuran dipersempit pada artikel ilmiah dan hasil review jurnal yang terbit antara tahun 2016–2020. Kata kunci yang digunakan untuk pencarian adalah mangrove, Sonneratia alba, teh fungsional, fitokimia, IC50 DPPH, dan rendemen. Hasil studi pustaka menunjukkan bahwa semakin lama proses ekstraksi dengan air mendidih pada bahan sediaan dapat meningkatkan rendemen. Selanjutnya, daun muda mangrove S. alba yang diekstraksi 40, 50 dan 60 menit dengan air mendidih memiliki kandungan senyawa fitokimia jenis fenolik, flavonoid, terpenoid, steroid, tanin dan alkaloid. Keberadaan senyawa-senyawa tersebut membuktikan adanya potensi antioksidan pada suatu ekstrak. Bahkan, penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya juga membuktikan bahwa daun S. alba memiliki nilai total fenol dan IC50 DPPH yang tinggi. Data-data hasil penelusuran literatur tersebut secara umum memperlihatkan bahwa daun muda mangrove S. alba bisa dikembangkan menjadi teh fungsional kaya antioksidan dan tahan suhu tinggi.Key words: S. alba leaves, antioxidants, functional tea
MAPPING OF AVALANCHE HAZARD ALONG THE OSH-BISHKEK ROAD
Authors: Ismailov N.Y. , Chymyrov A.U.
Published: May 2022

This article describes in detail the new methodology and results of research on mapping and development of the avalanche hazard geodatabase of the Bishkek-Osh transport corridor. The Bishkek-Osh Road, connecting the northern and southern parts of the country, has a strategic role, but prone to various types of natural and man-made risks, the most frequent of which are avalanches. Reduction of the avalanche risk, which annually cause significant socio-economic losses, is possible with the application of new technologies, scientific and technological achievements. The research has used modern geoinformation technologies and methods for studying geographic, topographic, soil-geological, hydrometeorological, botanical and other objects on the most avalanche prone sections of the Bishkek-Osh Road. A geodatabase has been developed with digital maps of the area and avalanches based on the results of digitized paper maps and entering operational and statistical data on snow avalanches.
THEORY OF BUILDING AUTOMATED CONTROL SYSTEMS
Authors: Umetalieva Ch.T. , Temirbaeva N.Y. , Nurtaev B.N.
Published: May 2022

The task of collecting, processing and disseminating (exchanging) information stood at all stages of human development. For a long time, the main tools for solving it were the human brain, hearing and language. Storing information in computer memory gives a fundamentally new quality of dynamics, that is, the ability to quickly recover and use it directly in problems solved on a computer. Modern printing equipment, equipped with modern computers, allows, if necessary, to quickly present any selected information on paper. In the process of development of the administrative data management system, the need arose for an automated facility management system (ACS).
EFFICIENCY AND PRESSURE LOSS IN APPARATUS WITH SWIRLING FLOW
Authors: Baxodirova М.Т. , Kurbonov D. , Badаlov A.A. , Jurayev R.R. , Bekturdiyev G.K. , Mahamatjanov M.A.
Published: May 2022

An apparatus is proposed that operates on the principle of gas purification from dust in counter swirling flows. The principle of operation of a dust collecting apparatus with swirling flows of gas suspensions is described. A differential particle size distribution curve is given. Studies of the efficiency of capture and determination of pressure losses in apparatuses with swirling flows are given. The factors influencing the work and cleaning efficiency are revealed. the results of a numerical calculation of the efficiency of trapping particles of various diameters in the VZP-200 apparatus are presented. Comparison of the calculated and experimental results shows the practical acceptability of the accepted movement of the gas and solid phases in dust collectors with counter swirling flows. A method for calculating the pressure in apparatuses with swirling flows is considered depending on various materials.
SEISMOTECTONIC CONDITIONS OF THE 1910 GEORGIEV EARTHQUAKE WITH M=5.6
Authors: Abdrahmatov K.E. , Tilek kyzy Gulkaiyr
Published: May 2022

Many cities are built on or near active faults, which creates seismic hazards and risks to the urban population. This risk is exacerbated by the expansion of the city. In 1910, there was a notable earthquake northwest of Bishkek that affected the village of Georgievka, now Korday in Kazakhstan, on the border with Kyrgyzstan. This event, known as the St. George earthquake, was reported to have a magnitude of 5.6. Our research shows that it is not recommended to expand the capital of the Kyrgyz Republic north of the city center. In addition to unfavorable engineering and geological conditions, in particular, the high standing of the groundwater level, earthquakes with a magnitude of up to 6.5 can occur there. Such events can lead to both large financial losses and human casualties.
DAMPENING FACTOR FOR SEISMIC ISOLATION OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES
Authors: Apsemetov M.Ch. , Muktarov T.K. , Tonueva G.I. , Tashbaeva A.A.
Published: May 2022

The influense of the reducing coefficient to structure during swining is considered and the physical meaning of the reducing coefficient and logariphmic decrement is discovered in this work.
RESISTANCE OF BUILDINGS TO SEISMIC IMPACTS BASED ON THE THEORY OF LINEAR VIBRATIONS
Authors: Bolotbek T. , Abykaev J.B. , Alkadyrova E.A. , Karimov M.B. , Korgonbaev J.T.
Published: May 2022

The article discusses the theoretical foundations of seismic vibrations and their impact on the stability of buildings and structures, as well as on the bearing elements of building structures. Linear oscillations excited during earthquakes are described, design schemes of building structures and numerical models of both dynamic processes and inertial reactions developing in the body of structures are provided. Conclusions have been obtained that will improve the resistance of buildings and structures under the action of seismic forces.
EVALUATION OF THE BEARING CAPACITY OF A 12-METER TRUSS FROM LIGHT STEEL THIN-WALL PROFILES
Authors: Chernykh-Rashevsky I.A.
Published: May 2022

The purpose of the article is to determine the maximum bearing capacity, deformations and maximum deflections of rods from cold-formed truss profiles 12 m long. The truss had changes, the bracing profiles changed, and the steel grade changed, after which it was clear that their bearing capacity and deflection were changing. For static calculation, the SolidWorks Simulation program was used. All maximum values were identified. As a result, it was shown that with a change in the section of the profile and the highest grade of steel, the bearing capacity increases by 2.4 times, and the deflection at one load has a difference of 1 mm. The results obtained show that the developed truss provides the bearing capacity and deformability.
APPROXIMATION OF THE DYNAMICS OF THE INCIDENCE OF THE POPULATION OF KYRGYZSTAN DURING THE 2020 PANDEMIC USING A SMOOTH LOGISTIC FUNCTION
Authors: Abdyraimovа K.S. , Satybaev A.J. , Kantsyrev B.L.
Published: May 2022

This work takes into account the specificity of the picture of the incidence of Covid-19 in Kyrgyzstan. The data on morbidity published by the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Kyrgyz Republic on restrictive measures of the government in connection with the spread of infection are analyzed. The analysis is based on the application of the logistic S-function. A method of statistical analysis of dependence for the intensity of the incidence of Covid-19 in the Republic of Kyrgyzstan is proposed. The results of the approximation by the S-function and its parameters were obtained, which make it possible to model the intensity of morbidity as a function of time. A discussion of the results is presented.
SELECTING THE PARAMETRS SOIUTIONS OF LINEAR NON-CLASSISAL VOLTEPPA EQUATIONS OF THE FIRST KING
Authors: Asanov A. , Choyubekov S. M.
Published: May 2022

In many papers, various questions for integral equations have been investigated. In this paper, we have chosen a regularization parameter for solving the linear Volterra integral equation of the first kind.
The aim of the study is to construct a regularizing operator and choose a regularization parameter.
In the study, we have applied the concept of a derivative with respect to an increasing function, the regularization method according to M.M. Lavrentiev, methods of functional analysis, methods of transformation of equations, methods of integral and differential equations.
The parameter for regularization is selected. Regularizing operator according to M.M. Lavrentiev is constructed and a uniqueness theorem is proved.
The proposed methods can be used to study integral, integral-differential equations such as the Volterra integral equation of the first kind, as well as in the qualitative study of some applied processes in the field of physics, ecology, medicine, and the theory of complex systems control. They can be used in the further development of the theory of Volterra integral equations of the first kind. And also, when solving specific applied problems leading to equations of the first kind.
ALGORITHM FOR SOLUTIONS OF THE PROBLEM OF SEPARATION OF STATE VARIABLES OF A LINEAR DISCRETE CONTROLLED SYSTEM WITH A SMALL STEP
Authors: Ashirbaev B. Y. , Alymbaeva J.A.
Published: May 2022

When solving problems of optimal control of objects from various fields of science and technology, difficulties arise due to the high dimension of the models and the presence of several parameters. In this regard, it becomes necessary to carry out a complete separation of the state variables of the original system.
The article proposes an algorithm for solving the problem of separation of state variables for a linear discrete control system with a small step. An equivalent system obtained with a complete separation of state variables has all the properties of the original system. It consists of two low-order subsystems, the solutions of which are found independently, and they are connected only by the control function.
MODERN WELL CLEANING METHODS
Authors: Abdyldabekov К.Т. , Sydykov U.Zh. , Toktombaev K.K. , Sulaymanova A.K.
Published: May 2022

The article details the causes of silt around the well filter and how to remove them. To do this, 4 most optimal methods are used to clean sand and artesian wells from sand, silt and other small particles, as well as the phased work processes that are currently applicable in the Kyrgyz Republic.
ANALYSIS OF THE FINANCIAL STATUS OF COMMERCIAL BANKS
Authors: Abdyldaeva U.M.
Published: May 2022

This article reveals the need to study the financial position of the bank, the results of which can be used to justify the decisions of regulatory authorities. The financial position of commercial banks in Kyrgyzstan is being investigated, as the results of the financial position survey warn consumers against using unreliable banking services. The Bank strives to give an objective assessment of the current and future situation. Recent events in the world, especially the situation with the pandemic, require an analysis of the financial situation of commercial banks. In modern, more competitive conditions, bank employees and customers need reliable information about the financial condition of the bank, financial stability trends, liquidity and factors affecting its change. The effectiveness of commercial banks also depends on the ability to conduct business based on the analysis of information and comparison with other banks.