bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Au ion irradiation induces ultralow thermal conductivity in GaN
Authors: Yan Wujuan , Xue Yuanyuan , Zhou Wenjiang , Wang Yuxi , Guo Haichang , Yang Han , Yang Hongcai , Jiang Zhiyao , Ding Lili , Chen Wei , Shen Bo , Yang Xuelin , Song Bai
Published: July 2024

Gallium nitride (GaN) is widely considered as a crucial semiconductor for the nuclear industry and space explorations due to its superior radiation hardness. Despite extensive studies of the electronic and optical properties of irradiated GaN, the effects of particle irradiation on the thermal properties remain largely unexplored. Here, we begin with single-crystalline GaN and employ an accelerator equipped with heavy gold ions (Au2+) as the radiation source in order to imitate extreme environments and maximize lattice damages. Eight different irradiated samples are prepared with the fluence of Au2+ spanning four orders of magnitude from 1011 to 1015 cm−2. The thermal conductivity (κ) of the ion-affected regions is measured using the laser pump–probe technique of frequency-domain thermoreflectance. We find that κ decreased consistently and notably with increasing irradiation fluence and observe a transition from crystal to glass-like thermal transport. Remarkably, the room-temperature κ of the GaN sample with the highest Au2+ fluence of 1 × 1015 cm−2 reaches about 1 Wm−1 K−1, which is two orders of magnitude lower than the κ of pristine GaN and approaches the theoretical minimum. A Callaway-type model captures the phonon–point defect scattering in samples with relatively low ion fluences. At higher fluences, the increased defect types and densities, together with the formation of nitrogen bubbles, further suppress phonon transport. Our findings are instrumental in fundamentally understanding the impact of heavy-ion irradiation on thermal transport and may prove useful for the application of GaN-based devices in radiation-intense environments.
A ~40-kb flavi-like virus does not encode a known error-correcting mechanism
Authors: Petrone Mary E. , Grove Joe , Mélade Julien , Mifsud Jonathon C. O. , Parry Rhys H. , Marzinelli Ezequiel M. , Holmes Edward C.
Published: July 2024

It is commonly held that there is a fundamental relationship between genome size and error rate, manifest as a notional “error threshold” that sets an upper limit on genome sizes. The genome sizes of RNA viruses, which have intrinsically high mutation rates due to a lack of mechanisms for error correction, must therefore be small to avoid accumulating an excessive number of deleterious mutations that will ultimately lead to population extinction. The proposed exceptions to this evolutionary rule are RNA viruses from the order
Nidovirales
(such as coronaviruses) that encode error-correcting exonucleases, enabling them to reach genome lengths greater than 40 kb. The recent discovery of large-genome flavi-like viruses (
Flaviviridae
), which comprise genomes up to 27 kb in length yet seemingly do not encode exonuclease domains, has led to the proposal that a proofreading mechanism is required to facilitate the expansion of nonsegmented RNA virus genomes above 30 kb. Herein, we describe a ~40 kb flavi-like virus identified in a
Haliclona
sponge metatranscriptome that does not encode a known exonuclease. Structural analysis revealed that this virus may have instead captured cellular domains associated with nucleic acid metabolism that have not been previously found in RNA viruses. Phylogenetic inference placed this virus as a divergent pesti-like lineage, such that we have provisionally termed it “Maximus pesti-like virus.” This virus represents an instance of a flavi-like virus achieving a genome size comparable to that of the
Nidovirales
and demonstrates that RNA viruses have evolved multiple solutions to overcome the error threshold.
Viscosity of Al–Ni–Co–Nd(Sm) glass-forming melts at high temperatures
Authors: Rusanova A I , Rusanov B A , Beltyukov A L , Sidorov V E , Son L D
Published: July 2024

Obtaining amorphous alloys with good mechanical and anticorrosion properties is an important problem of modern condensed matter physics. Since the preparation of amorphous alloys involves casting them from liquid state, information on the properties of the melts is needed. Viscosity is one of the most informative structure-sensitive property of melts. In this paper viscosity of some glass-forming Al–Ni–Co–Nd(Sm) melts with different ratio of transition metals was studied using damped oscillation method in a wide temperature range up to 1550 K. Activation energies of the viscous flow were calculated from the experimental data. The hysteresis of viscosity temperature dependences during heating and subsequent cooling was found. It can be associated with a melt transition to a more homogeneous state. The repeated heating and cooling of the melts without crystallization lead to Arrhenius type of viscosity temperature dependences.
Structure and scaling of Kitaev chain across a quantum critical point in real space
Authors: He Yan , Chien Chih-Chun
Published: July 2024

The spatial Kibble–Zurek mechanism is applied to the Kitaev chain with inhomogeneous pairing interactions that vanish in half of the lattice and result in a quantum critical point separating the superfluid and normal-gas phases in real space. The weakly-interacting BCS theory predicts scaling behavior of the penetration of the pair wavefunction into the normal-gas region different from conventional power-law results due to the non-analytic dependence of the BCS order parameter on the interaction. The Bogoliubov–de Gennes (BdG) equation produces numerical results confirming the scaling behavior and hints complications in the strong-interaction regime. The limiting case of the step-function quench reveals the dominance of the BCS coherence length in absence of additional length scale. Furthermore, the energy spectrum and wavefunctions from the BdG equation show abundant in-gap states from the normal-gas region in addition to the topological edge states.
Transfer functions for QA
/QB
international regulatory limits for the safe transport of radioactive materials
Authors: Frosio Thomas , Thomas Samuel , Endres Janis , Eberhardt Holger , Louis Baptiste , Cabianca Tiberio , Brown Iain , Foster Matthew , Menaa Nabil , Bertreix Philippe
Published: July 2024

This paper presents a proposed revision of the International Atomic Energy Agency transport regulations, related to the A
1 and A
2 limit values used to determine the radioactive transport classification. Based on the ‘Q system’, a novel methodology was introduced to derive QA
and QB
values related to scenarios involving external exposure from a distant source. These values are key parameters that respectively represent the total effective dose and total equivalent dose to the skin, from all primary and secondary particles contributing to radiation exposure. The International Working Group (WG A
1/A
2) is established and associated with the TRANSSC Technical Expert Group on Radiation Protection. A review of the A
1 and A
2 values is performed in response to identified limitations within the existing Q system. The followed approach is based on Monte Carlo simulations that enabled the development of transfer functions aimed at reducing computational time and increasing the flexibility of dose evaluations for any radionuclide with known particle emission spectra. This method allows updating the QA
and QB
values to account for future data evolutions (decay data, fluence-to-dose conversion coefficients) and standardizing the calculation of regulation limits across all referenced radionuclides and scenarios related to external exposure. The transfer functions are established using three Monte Carlo simulation codes—FLUKA, Geant4, and MCNP—and address the previous limitations of the ‘Q system’, reflecting the latest International Commission for Radiation Protection recommendations and improvements in calculation techniques. The results of the WG show consistent agreement across the codes, with minor discrepancies observed at low primary energies due to statistical uncertainties and different handling of stopping power for electrons/positrons in the codes. This revised approach aligns with current standards and recommendations, ensuring that the radiological consequences of transport accidents are acceptable for the new A
1 and A
2 limits from a radiological protection perspective.
A dynamic object removing 3D reconstruction system based on multi-sensor fusion
Authors: Zhao Chenxi , Liu Zeliang , Pan Zihao , Yu Lei
Published: July 2024

Currently, one of the key technologies for autonomous navigation of unmanned mobile robots is SLAM, which faces many challenges in practical applications. These challenges include a lack of texture, deterioration in sensor performance, and interference from moving objects in dynamic outdoor environments, all of which have an impact on the mapping system. To address these issues, this paper proposes a framework for lidar, vision camera, and inertial navigation data, resulting in fusion and dynamic object removing. The system consists of three sub-modules: the Lidar-Inertial Module (LIM), the Visual-Inertial Module (VIM), and the Dynamic-Object-Removing Module (DORM). LIM and VIM assist each other, with lidar point clouds providing three-dimensional information for the global voxel map and the camera providing pixel-level color information. At the same time, the DORM performs synchronous dynamic object detection to remove dynamic objects from the global map. The system constructs a multi-sensor factor graph using the state and observation models, and the optimal solution is obtained using least squares. Furthermore, this paper employs triangle descriptors and bundle adjustment methods for loop closure detection in order to reduce accumulated errors and maintain consistency. Experimental results demonstrate that the system can perform clean state estimation, dynamic removing and scene reconstruction in a variety of complex scenarios.
Removing spikes in TianQin-1 inertial sensor data using machine learning method
Authors: Wang H M , Cai L , Shen Z Y , Zhou Z B
Published: July 2024

The spikes in the inertial sensor data have been found to impact on the retrieval of the non-gravitational signals and the evaluation of the inertial sensor performance. Removing the spikes in the inertial sensor is critical for studies of gravitational reference sensors in space-based gravitational wave detection missions and accelerometers in gravity satellite missions. Thanks to a long period of inertial sensor data without thruster spikes, we can conduct machine learning based on this data to remove spikes. In this paper, a machine learning model called bi-directional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) neural network was built based on the inertial sensor data of TianQin-1 (TQ-1) mission. We use the machine learning method to remove the spikes in the inertial sensor data. After removing the spikes in the inertial sensor data, acceleration noise is suppressed form 2.0 × 10

−
7

m s

−
2

Hz

−
1
/
2

to the 2.8 × 10

−
10

m s

−
2

Hz

−
1
/
2

at 0.1 Hz, which is far better than the existing methods, including the linear interpolation, data substitution and mean value of adjacent data.
A novel RUL prediction method for rolling bearings based on dynamic control chart and adaptive incremental filtering
Authors: Li Junxing , Wang Zhihua , Shen Lijuan
Published: July 2024

Degradation of rolling bearings typically consists of two stages: a stable stage (Stage I) characterized by stable fluctuations in the health indicator (HI), and a degradation stage (Stage II) where early damage leads to HI degradation, eventually reaching the failure threshold. Therefore, to achieve remaining useful life prediction for bearings, three aspects should be studied: (1) degradation modeling; (2) inter stage change point identification; (3) degradation state updating. Firstly, a two-stage degradation model is constructed by simultaneously considering inherent randomness, individual differences, and measurement errors. Then, a dynamic statistical process control (SPC) method is proposed to identify the change point from Stage I to Stage II. The SPC is designed to dynamically control limits based on the bearing’s condition monitoring data to prevent false alarms. An adaptive incremental filtering is proposed to update the degradation states by simultaneously considering the state increment and the dynamics of the system noise and measurement noise. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated on 16 004 bearing test data and XJTU-SY bearing data. Results show that the proposed method can accuracy identify the change point and improve the accuracy of the prediction result during stage II.
Simulation data-driven fault diagnosis method for metro traction motor bearings under small samples and missing fault samples
Authors: Bi Kailin , Liao Aihua , Hu Dingyu , Shi Wei , Liu Rongming , Sun Changjiang
Published: July 2024

Traction motor bearings are crucial for guaranteeing the safe operation of metro vehicles. However, in the metro traction motor bearing fault diagnosis, there are usually problems of small samples and missing fault samples, leading to inaccurate results. Therefore, a novel bearing fault diagnosis method utilizing a track-vehicle-bearing coupled dynamic model and the improved deep convolutional generative adversarial network-multiscale convolutional neural network with mixed attention (IDCG-MAMCNN) model is proposed in this paper. The IDCG-MAMCNN model combines an improved deep convolutional generative adversarial network (IDCGAN) with a multi-scale convolutional neural network with mixed attention (MA-MCNN). Specifically, simulation data is first provided by the coupled dynamic model to supplement missing fault samples. Secondly, the IDCGAN, along with a training method that involves pre-training models with simulation samples and fine-tuning models with experimental samples, is introduced to generate high-quality samples and augment experimental samples under small samples. Lastly, the MA-MCNN serves as the classification model, trained with the augmented dataset comprising experimental, simulation, and generated samples. The fault diagnosis performance of the proposed method is evaluated on the experimental samples of two bearing datasets under small samples and various conditions of missing fault samples. It has been demonstrated by the experimental results that the proposed method exhibits robust fault diagnosis performance and generates high-quality samples under small samples and missing fault samples. Furthermore, the proposed method showcases its adaptability to different operation speeds.
ERT image reconstruction using marker region segmentation method
Authors: Li Bo , Yang Daoye
Published: July 2024

Inspired by image region segmentation method, a marking region segmentation iterative method is proposed to reconstruct sparse binary images of electrical resistance tomography. The grayscale matrix of the iteration process is mapped to another linear space for segmentation processing, adding the watershed thresholding of marking regions. In the iteration process for estimating conductivity distribution, the target regions are separated to avoid excessive segmentation effects. By applying this method in conjunction with the Landweber iterative model to solve the inverse problem of resistivity tomography imaging, more accurate binary images can be obtained, and the method exhibits superior convergence properties in comparison to the Landweber algorithm. To verify the reconstruction effectiveness of LW-TDIS method, numerical simulations and static experiments are conducted for comparison with three other methods. The results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively reduces reconstruction artifacts, improves reconstruction quality, and achieves better reconstruction performance.
CMOS-compatible Hf0.5Zr0.5O2-based ferroelectric memory crosspoints fabricated with damascene process
Authors: Coffineau Dorian , Gariépy Nicolas , Manchon Benoit , Dawant Raphaël , Jaouad Abdelatif , Grondin Etienne , Ecoffey Serge , Alibart Fabien , Beilliard Yann , Ruediger Andreas , Drouin Dominique
Published: July 2024

We report the fabrication of Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO) based ferroelectric memory crosspoints using a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor-compatible damascene process. In this work, we compared 12 and 56 µm2 crosspoint devices with the 0.02 mm2 round devices commonly used as a benchmark. For all devices, a 9 nm thick ferroelectric thin film was deposited by plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition on planarized bottom electrodes. The wake-up appeared to be longer for the crosspoint memories compared to 0.02 mm2 benchmark, while all the devices reached a 2Pr value of ∼50 µC cm−2 after 105 cycles with 3 V/10 µs squared pulses. The crosspoints stand out for their superior endurance, which was increased by an order of magnitude. Nucleation limited switching experiments were performed, revealing a switching time <170 ns for our 12 and 56 µm2 devices, while it remained in the µs range for the larger round devices. The downscaled devices demonstrate notable advantages with a rise in endurance and switching speed.
Physics and common senses of sci-fi movies and anime as the source of informal learning
Authors: Risdianto Norma Sidik , Khofifaturrohmah Anis , Kurniawan Rifqi Arif , Pancaningrum Rischa , Mubarok Abu Khamid
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we discuss the depiction of physical phenomena in movies and anime and how they might impact informal learning. We found that, to some extent, the physics shown in these media is accurate, though there are some deviations and exaggerations. Additionally, we observed that the physics presented in these movies and anime is often quite advanced. This discussion can inspire curious viewers to learn more about physics after watching them, highlighting the importance of informal sources for education nowadays.
Dosimetry of microbeam radiotherapy by flexible hydrogenated amorphous silicon detectors
Authors: Large Matthew James , Kanxheri Keida , Posar Jessie , Aziz Saba , Bashiri Aishah , Calcagnile Lucio , Calvo Daniela , Caputo Domenico , Caricato Anna Paola , Catalano Roberto , Cirio Roberto , Cirrone Giuseppe Antonio Pablo , Croci Tommaso , Cuttone Giacomo , De Cesare Gianpiero , De Remigis Paolo , Dunand Sylvain , Fabi Michele , Frontini Luca , Grimani Catia , Guarrera Mariacristina , Ionica Maria , Lenta Francesca , Liberali Valentino , Lovecchio Nicola , Martino Maurizio , Maruccio Giuseppe , Mazza Giovanni , Menichelli Mauro , Monteduro Anna Grazia , Morozzi Arianna , Moscatelli Francesco , Nascetti Augusto , Pallotta Stefania , Passeri Daniele , Pedio Maddalena , Petringa Giada , Peverini Francesca , Placidi Pisana , Quarta Gianluca , Rizzato Silvia , Sabbatini Federico , Servoli Leonello , Stabile Alberto , Thomet Jonathan Emanuel , Tosti Luca , Villani Mattia , Wheadon Richard James , Wyrsch Nicolas , Zema Nicola , Petasecca Marco , Talamonti Cinzia
Published: July 2024

Objective. Detectors that can provide accurate dosimetry for microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) must possess intrinsic radiation hardness, a high dynamic range, and a micron-scale spatial resolution. In this work we characterize hydrogenated amorphous silicon detectors for MRT dosimetry, presenting a novel combination of flexible, ultra-thin and radiation-hard features. Approach. Two detectors are explored: an n-type/intrinsic/p-type planar diode (NIP) and an NIP with an additional charge selective layer (NIP + CSC). Results. The sensitivity of the NIP + CSC detector was greater than the NIP detector for all measurement conditions. At 1 V and 0 kGy under the 3T Cu–Cu synchrotron broadbeam, the NIP + CSC detector sensitivity of (7.76 ± 0.01) pC cGy−1 outperformed the NIP detector sensitivity of (3.55 ± 0.23) pC cGy−1 by 219%. The energy dependence of both detectors matches closely to the attenuation coefficient ratio of silicon against water. Radiation damage measurements of both detectors out to 40 kGy revealed a higher radiation tolerance in the NIP detector compared to the NIP + CSC (17.2% and 33.5% degradations, respectively). Percentage depth dose profiles matched the PTW microDiamond detector’s performance to within ±6% for all beam filtrations except in 3T Al–Al due to energy dependence. The 3T Cu–Cu microbeam field profile was reconstructed and returned microbeam width and peak-to-peak values of (51 ± 1) μm and (405 ± 5) μm, respectively. The peak-to-valley dose ratio was measured as a function of depth and agrees within error to the values obtained with the PTW microDiamond. X-ray beam induced charge mapping of the detector revealed minimal dose perturbations from extra-cameral materials. Significance. The detectors are comparable to commercially available dosimeters for quality assurance in MRT. With added benefits of being micron-sized and possessing a flexible water-equivalent substrate, these detectors are attractive candidates for quality assurance, in-vivo dosimetry and in-line beam monitoring for MRT and FLASH therapy.
Multi-modal fusion and feature enhancement U-Net coupling with stem cell niches proximity estimation for voxel-wise GBM recurrence prediction
*
Authors: Jiao Changzhe , Lao Yi , Zhang Wenwen , Braunstein Steve , Salans Mia , Villanueva-Meyer Javier , Hervey-Jumper Shawn L , Yang Bo , Morin Olivier , Valdes Gilmer , Fan Zhaoyang , Shiroishi Mark , Zada Gabriel , Sheng Ke , Yang Wensha
Published: July 2024

Objective. We aim to develop a Multi-modal Fusion and Feature Enhancement U-Net (MFFE U-Net) coupling with stem cell niche proximity estimation to improve voxel-wise Glioblastoma (GBM) recurrence prediction. Approach. 57 patients with pre- and post-surgery magnetic resonance (MR) scans were retrospectively solicited from 4 databases. Post-surgery MR scans included two months before the clinical diagnosis of recurrence and the day of the radiologicaly confirmed recurrence. The recurrences were manually annotated on the T1ce. The high-risk recurrence region was first determined. Then, a sparse multi-modal feature fusion U-Net was developed. The 50 patients from 3 databases were divided into 70% training, 10% validation, and 20% testing. 7 patients from the 4th institution were used as external testing with transfer learning. Model performance was evaluated by recall, precision, F1-score, and Hausdorff Distance at the 95% percentile (HD95). The proposed MFFE U-Net was compared to the support vector machine (SVM) model and two state-of-the-art neural networks. An ablation study was performed. Main results. The MFFE U-Net achieved a precision of 0.79 ± 0.08, a recall of 0.85 ± 0.11, and an F1-score of 0.82 ± 0.09. Statistically significant improvement was observed when comparing MFFE U-Net with proximity estimation couple SVM (SVMPE), mU-Net, and Deeplabv3. The HD95 was 2.75 ± 0.44 mm and 3.91 ± 0.83 mm for the 10 patients used in the model construction and 7 patients used for external testing, respectively. The ablation test showed that all five MR sequences contributed to the performance of the final model, with T1ce contributing the most. Convergence analysis, time efficiency analysis, and visualization of the intermediate results further discovered the characteristics of the proposed method. Significance. We present an advanced MFFE learning framework, MFFE U-Net, for effective voxel-wise GBM recurrence prediction. MFFE U-Net performs significantly better than the state-of-the-art networks and can potentially guide early RT intervention of the disease recurrence.
Plasma plume enhancement of a dual-anode vacuum arc thruster with magnetic nozzle
Authors: Qi Jiayun , Zhang Zhongkai , Zhang Zun , Ren Junxue , Wang Yibai , Wang Weizong , Tang Haibin
Published: July 2024

Vacuum arc thruster (VAT) is a type of pulsed electric propulsion device that generates thrust based on vacuum arc discharges, it has great candidate for micro-newton force applications in orbit. To improve both the thrust and longevity of the VAT, a novel dual-anode structure, comprising a central anode and a ring anode, was developed. We conducted an investigation into the plasma discharge and acceleration process within the influence of a magnetic nozzle. The dual-anode architecture resulted in a reduction in the initial plasma impedance, thereby enhancing ion current and velocity. Analysis of surface parameters during discharge revealed a synergistic mechanism between the two insulator-conducting films, enabling a co-cyclic distribution of energy and resistance fluctuations within the discharge. Consequently, the dual-anode setup demonstrated a lifespan extension of at least twofold. Comparative analyses of arc energy, plasma velocity, ion current, and thrust variations with magnetic field strength were conducted between the dual-anode and single-anode configurations under magnetic nozzle influence. Results showed that the dual-anode structure increased ion current and velocity when subjected to magnetic nozzle influence, resulting in a thrust increase of up to 303%. Additionally, we developed a theoretical model for the diffusion coefficient to elucidate the adaptive splitting phenomenon of the arc within the dual-anode structure under magnetic field influence. This model suggests that the dual-anode structure can achieve a more significant enhancement in beam current from the magnetic nozzle compared to the single-anode configuration.
A multi-stable rotational energy harvester for arbitrary bi-directional horizontal excitation at ultra-low frequencies for self-powered sensing
Authors: Masabi Sayed N , Fu Hailing , Flint James , Theodossiades Stephanos
Published: July 2024

A rotational multi-stable energy harvester has been presented in this paper for harnessing broadband ultra-low frequency vibrations. The novel design adopts a toroidal-shaped housing to contain a rolling sphere magnet which absorbs mechanical energy from bidirectional base excitations and performs continuous rotational movement to transfer the energy using electromagnetic transduction. Eight alternating tethering magnets are placed underneath its rolling path to induce multi-stable nonlinearity in the system, to capture low-frequency broadband vibrations. Electromagnetic transduction mechanism has been employed by mounting eight series connected coils aligned with the stable regions in the rolling path of the sphere magnet, aiming to achieve greater power generation due to optimized rate of change of magnetic flux. A theoretical model has been established to explore the multi-stable dynamics under varying low-frequency excitation up to 5 Hz and 3 g acceleration amplitudes. An experimental prototype has been fabricated and tested under low frequency excitation conditions. The harvester is capable of operating in intra-well, cross-well, and continuous rotation mode depending on the input excitation, and the validated physical device can generate a peak power of 5.78 mW with 1.4 Hz and 0.8 g sinusoidal base excitation when connected to a 405 Ω external load. The physical prototype is also employed as a part of a self-powered sensing node and it can power a temperature sensor to get readings every 13 s on average from human motion, successfully demonstrating its effectiveness in practical wireless sensing applications.
Metrological detection of entanglement generated by non-Gaussian operations
Authors: Barral David , Isoard Mathieu , Sorelli Giacomo , Gessner Manuel , Treps Nicolas , Walschaers Mattia
Published: July 2024

Entanglement and non-Gaussianity are physical resources that are essential for a large number of quantum-optics protocols. Non-Gaussian entanglement is indispensable for quantum-computing advantage and outperforms its Gaussian counterparts in a number of quantum-information protocols. The characterization of non-Gaussian entanglement is a critical matter as it is in general highly demanding in terms of resources. We propose a simple protocol based on the Fisher information for witnessing entanglement in an important class of non-Gaussian entangled states: photon-subtracted states. We demonstrate that our protocol is relevant for the detection of non-Gaussian entanglement generated by multiple photon-subtraction and that it is experimentally feasible through homodyne detection.
Mittag-Leffler function based security control for fractional-order complex network system subject to deception attacks via Observer-based AETS and its applications
Authors: Mubeen Tajudeen M , Perumal R , Kumar Thakur Ganesh , Priya Bandana
Published: July 2024

The goal of this paper is to investigate the security control for uncertain fractional-order delayed complex network systems under deception attacks using the Mittag-Leffler function and observer-based adaptive event-triggered scheme (AETS) with the fractional commensurate order in q ∈ (0, 1). The adaptive event-triggering scheme is used during the data transmission process from the sensors to the observer, where the triggering threshold can be dynamically modified to reduce resource waste. We make a novel model for the estimation error system that takes into account both the effects of the adaptive event-triggered scheme and the effects of deception attacks. A sufficient condition is obtained to guarantee the stochastic mean-square stability of the augmented error system using the Mittag-Leffler (M-L) functions and the Lyapunov functional method and by using the singular value decomposition (SVD) and linear matrix inequality (LMI) techniques, the co-design problem of desired observer and controller gains is found, and it is shown that the solution ensures the stability of a closed-loop uncertain fractional-order complex networked system. At the end of this study, two numerical examples and diesel engine system model are given to show that the above findings are correct.
The novel WASPAS method for roughness of bipolar fuzzy sets based bipolar fuzzy covering
Authors: Tufail Faiza , Shabir Muhammad
Published: July 2024

The research employs Covering-based Rough Set and Fuzzy Set theories to handle uncertainty in data analysis. However, when dealing with data uncertainty and bipolarity in various scenarios, the Bipolar Fuzzy Set (BFS) theory proves advantageous by simultaneously managing positive and negative information. Other sets, such as traditional fuzzy sets, often fail to capture this duality, leading to less comprehensive data analysis. This study pioneers a new methodology called the Theory of Roughness of Bipolar Fuzzy Sets, integrating Fuzzy Covering, Monotone Fuzzy Covering, and Bipolar Fuzzy Covering to propose an innovative decision-making approach. This novel concept undergoes comprehensive structural analysis. By incorporating the bipolar fuzzy covering based bipolar fuzzy rough set (

BFCBFRS

) model into conventional decision-making methods like the

WASPAS

technique, the research introduces a fresh perspective to address Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (

MCDM

) challenges. The efficacy of this extended method is evaluated by applying it to agricultural diagnosis, demonstrating its superiority over existing approaches through comparative analysis.
Transmission-type frequency selective surface with polarization modulation
Authors: Xu Honghui , Zhou Dongfang , Liu Qikun , Tang Min , Qian Hang
Published: July 2024

In this work, a transmission-type frequency selective surface (FSS) with polarization modulation is proposed. This design achieves cross-polarized transmission under both x- and y-polarized normal incidences, while supporting co-polarized transmission at a 45° incidence polarization angle. Consequently, the structure can serve as a polarization rotating FSS (PR-FSS) or a conventional bandpass FSS. The design consists of two fundamental units, corresponding to x- and y-polarized PR-FSS, arranged according to a specific group array paradigm. This arrangement preserves the cross-polarization transmission functionality of each unit. In addition, at a 45° polarization angle, the symmetry of the paradigm with respect to the electric field enables it to support co-polarized transmission. A prototype containing a 12 × 12 element array is constructed and tested. The measured results demonstrate good agreement with the simulation results.
The diffusion behaviour of coupled particle rings driven by self-propelled particles in a two-dimensional reflection channel
Authors: Cheng Zhiguo , Wang Bing
Published: July 2024

Investigated the diffusion behavior of self-propelled coupled particle rings in a two-dimensional channel considering particle collisions. The channel geometry and noise regulation play crucial roles in directing transport within the system. Observed a significant alteration in the diffusion behavior of the particle rings at specific stages of the collision process, accompanied by corresponding changes in the diffusion coefficient. As the modulation phase shift increases, the mean square displacement (MSD) of the particle rings displays periodic fluctuations. The binding force between the particle rings partially restricts the growth of the MSD. An increase in white noise intensity enhances the diffusion behavior. The impact of self-propulsion speed is influenced by the modulation parameters. The sign of the modulation parameter dictates the correlation of the self-propulsion speed. Furthermore, the number of particle rings in the channel introduces a complex effect on the diffusion behavior.
URS-YOLOv5s: object detection algorithm for UAV remote sensing images
Authors: Bi Lingyun , Deng Lixia , Lou Haitong , Zhang Hongyu , Lin Shoujun , Liu Xingchen , Wan Dapeng , Dong Jinshun , Liu Haiying
Published: July 2024

The application of UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) remote sensing and aerial photography technology is more and more widely. Aiming at the problem of object detection in remote sensing or aerial images, the paper proposes an object detection algorithm for UAV remote sensing images based on YOLOv5s, called URS-YOLOv5s (UAV Remote Sensing - YOLOv5s). Firstly, the paper designs Cross-Connected Dense Network (CCDNet), where each convolution layer is concatenated to the second convolution layer. Secondly, the paper designs Across-Path Fusion Network (APFNet), which the last feature fusion path is directly fused with the backbone network. It increases the location information and semantic information of deep features. Finally, the loss function of the original algorithm is replaced by EIoU (Focal and Efficient IoU), which makes the calculation method of the overall loss more appropriate. On AI-TOD and Visdrone2019 datasets, experiments show that the accuracy of URS-YOLOv5s on mAP@0.5 is 6.3% and 9% higher than YOLOv5s. In addition, compared with YOLOv3 and YOLOv5l which have good detection effect, URS-YOLOv5s has the characteristics of faster detection speed and lower computational cost. Meanwhile, URS-YOLOv5s is more suitable for deployment to mobile devices, such as drones with limited performance.
Healthy Horndeski cosmologies with torsion
Authors: Mironov S. , Valencia-Villegas M.
Published: July 2024

We show that the full Horndeski theory with both curvature and torsion can support nonsingular, stable and subluminal cosmological solutions at all times. Thus, with torsion, the usual No-Go theorem that holds in a curved spacetime is avoided. In particular, it is essential to include the nonminimal derivative couplings of the ℒ5 part of the Horndeski action (Gμν
∇
μ
∇
νϕ, and (∇2
ϕ)3). Without the latter a No-Go already impedes the eternal subluminality of nonsingular, stable cosmologies.
First constraints on non-minimally coupled Natural and Coleman-Weinberg inflation and massive neutrino self-interactions with Planck+BICEP/Keck
Authors: Bostan Nilay , Choudhury Shouvik Roy
Published: July 2024

In this work, for the first time in literature, we study the predictions of non-minimally coupled Natural and Coleman-Weinberg potentials in thens-rplane, and an extended ΛCDM model where we include non-standard self-interactions among massive neutrinos, mediated by a heavy scalar or vector boson. Constraints were derived using the Planck 2018 + BICEP/Keck 2018 datasets along with other data. For the inflationary potentials, we consider two different formulations in gravity that are non-minimally coupled to the scalar field of the inflaton:Metric and Palatini.We only consider the self-interaction to be present amongτ-neutrinos and only at moderate strengths. This is because strong interactions amongτ-neutrinos, or any strength self-interaction among electron- and muon-neutrinos, as well as any strength flavor-universal interactions, are strongly disfavoured from particle physics experiments. In terms of cosmological data, we use the latest public CMB datasets from Planck 2018 and BICEP/Keck 2018 collaborations, along with other data from CMB lensing, BAO, RSD, and SNe Ia luminosity distance measurements. We find that there are some situations where predictions from the inflationary models are ruled out at more than 2σby the minimal ΛCDM+rmodel, but they are allowed in the self-interacting neutrino scenario.
A gamma-ray study of galactic PeVatron candidates LHAASO J1825-1326 and LHAASO J1839-0545
Authors: Costa Rubens Jr. , Götz Debora B. , Anjos Rita C. , Stuani Pereira Luiz A. , Mello Alexandre J.T.S.
Published: July 2024

Recent studies by LHAASO have shown the presence of high-luminosity PeVatrons in our Galaxy. We examine two notable sources, each consisting of two pulsars, detected by LHAASO. We study gamma and
cosmic-ray emissions from the surroundings of these pulsars.
We used the Gammapy software to perform gamma-ray measurements from these sources in anticipation of future analyses to be carried out with the CTAO, which is now under development. Furthermore, the particle propagation throughout the Galaxy was simulated using the GALPROP software, accounting for emission from energy losses due to spin-down. As a result, we present the particle spectra generated during this propagation phase along with the corresponding gamma-ray emission.
The findings suggest that CTAO may have the capability to detect these sources and show that the data can be explained by gamma rays coming from a leptonic model.
Atomically self-healing of structural defects in monolayer WSe2
Authors: Li 李 Kangshu 康舒 , Li 李 Junxian 俊贤 , Han 韩 Xiaocang 小藏 , Zhou 周 Wu 武 , Zhao 赵 Xiaoxu 晓续
Published: July 2024

Minimizing disorder and defects is crucial for realizing the full potential of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) materials and improving device performance to desired properties. However, the methods in defect control currently face challenges with overly large operational areas and a lack of precision in targeting specific defects. Therefore, we propose a new method for the precise and universal defect healing of TMD materials, integrating real-time imaging with scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). This method employs electron beam irradiation to stimulate the diffusion migration of surface-adsorbed adatoms on TMD materials grown by low-temperature molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), and heal defects within the diffusion range. This approach covers defect repairs ranging from zero-dimensional vacancy defects to two-dimensional grain orientation alignment, demonstrating its universality in terms of the types of samples and defects. These findings offer insights into the use of atomic-level focused electron beams at appropriate voltages in STEM for defect healing, providing valuable experience for achieving atomic-level precise fabrication of TMD materials.
Magnetoresistance hysteresis in the superconducting state of kagome CsV3Sb5
Authors: Le 乐 Tian 天 , Liu 刘 Jinjin 锦锦 , Wang 王 Zhiwei 秩伟 , Lin 林 Xiao 效
Published: July 2024

The hysteresis of magnetoresistance observed in superconductors is of great interest due to its potential connection with unconventional superconductivity. In this study, we perform electrical transport measurements on kagome superconductor CsV3Sb5 nanoflakes and uncover unusual hysteretic behavior of magnetoresistance in the superconducting state. This hysteresis can be induced by applying either a large DC or AC current at temperatures (T) well below the superconducting transition temperature (T
c). As T approaches T
c, similar weak hysteresis is also detected by applying a small current. Various scenarios are discussed, with particular focus on the effects of vortex pinning and the presence of time-reversal-symmtery-breaking superconducting domains. Our findings support the latter, hinting at chiral superconductivity in kagome superconductors.
A simple model for two-proton radioactivity*
Authors: Jiang 蒋 Jie-Dong 杰栋 , Liu 刘 Xiao 潇 , Zhang 张 Dong-Meng 冬萌 , Li 李 Ming 明 , Wu 吴 Xi-Jun 喜军 , Li 李 Xiao-Hua 小华
Published: July 2024

In this work, considering the preformation factor of the emitted two protons in parent nucleus

and the effect of the parent nucleus deformation, based on the Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin approximation and Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization condition, we improve a simple phenomenological model proposed by Bayrak [J. Phys. G: 47, 025102 (2020)] to systematically study

radioactivity half-lives. This model contains two adjustable parameters

and

, which are related to the depth of nuclear potential and effect of deformation. The calculated results show that this model can effectively reproduce the experimental data with a corresponding root-mean-square (RMS) standard deviation of σ = 0.683. For comparison, we include the Gamow-like model (GLM) proposed by Liu et al. [Chin. Phys. C 45, 044110 (2021)], generalized liquid drop model (GLDM) proposed by Cui et al. [Phys. Rev. C 101, 014301 (2020)], effective liquid drop model (ELDM) proposed by M. Gonalves et al. [Phys. Lett. B 774, 14 (2017)], two-potential approach with Skyrme-Hartree-Fock (TPASHF) proposed by Pan et al. [Chin. Phys. C 45, 124104 (2021)], phenomenological model with a screened electrostatic barrier (SEB) propoesed by Zou et al. [Chin. Phys. C 45, 104101 (2021)], unified fission model (UFM) proposed by Xing et al. [Chin. Phys. C 45, 124105 (2021)], Coulomb and proximity potential model for deformed nuclei (CPPMDN) proposed by Santhosh [Phys. Rev. C 104, 064613 (2021)], two-parameter empirical formula proposed by Liu et al. [Chin. Phys. C 45, 024108 (2021)], and four-parameter empirical formula proposed by Sreeja et al. [Eur. Phys. J. A 55, 33 (2019)]. In addition, we use this model to predict the

radioactive half-lives of some possible potential nuclei whose

radioactivity are energetically allowed or observed but not yet quantified in NUBASE2020.
Nonlinear modeling of ELM mitigation with RMP on HL-2A
Authors: Wang L. , Hao G.Z. , Becoulet M. , Liu Y.Q. , Xu Y.H. , Li J.Q. , Zheng P.F. , Hu D. , Hu S.L. , Dong G.Q. , Wang S. , He X.X. , Sun T.F. , Huijsmans G.T.A. , Zhong W.L. ,   the JOREK Team
Published: July 2024

Nonlinear modeling of mitigation of the edge localized mode (ELM) with resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) is performed for the HL-2A tokamak, utilizing the three-dimensional (3D) magnetohydrodynamic code JOREK. Based on the 3D equilibrium established after application of the

n
=
1

(

n

is the toroidal mode number) RMP at

4.9

kAt

coil current with odd parity, ELM mitigation is successfully simulated consistent with the experimental result. Nonlinear simulations show strong mode coupling among toroidal Fourier harmonics, allowing redistribution of the magnetic energy such that the most unstable toroidal mode saturates at a lower level. This magnetic energy cascade offers an explanation of the RMP-induced ELM mitigation achieved in HL-2A. Detailed examination of the simulation results shows persistent resonant field screening even during the ELM mitigation phase. Finite plasma resistivity however does enable partial penetration of the resonant field thus modifying the edge magnetic topology and characteristics of the edge transport. Plasma radial profiles undergo pronounced changes around the pedestal region, when the magnetic energy of the most unstable toroidal mode reaches the maximum value. Systematic scans of the applied RMP coil current with the JOREK simulations find a threshold value of around

4.5

kAt

required for achieving the ELM mitigation on HL-2A.
Application of non-axisymmetric magnetic field for control of Alfvén eigenmodes in KSTAR
Authors: Kim Kimin , Kang Jisung , Rhee Tongnyeol , Kim Minho , Kim Junghee
Published: July 2024

We report an experimental examination of non-axisymmetric (3D) magnetic fields for the control of Alfvén eigenmodes (AEs) in KSTAR. Application of the phase-sweeping n = 1 3D magnetic field identifies the effective 3D field phase and threshold amplitude for suppression of toroidal AEs. Such observations indicate that at least two conditions on the 3D field phase and amplitude should be satisfied for the AE suppression. The phase window of AE suppression is largely resonant and thereby overlapped with that of mode locking, while the threshold of mode locking is slightly higher than that of AE suppression, which implies a narrow 3D configuration window for AE suppression. Numerical analyses on the AE stability and fast ion phase-space transport suggest that the key mechanism of the AE suppression is the reduction of the AE drive through redistribution of fast ion phase-space distribution by strong resonant interactions of the fast ions with the 3D magnetic field.
Broadband terahertz absorption and Q-switching behavior of 5-chloro-2-nitroaniline (5C2NA) crystals
Authors: Singh Anurag Kumar , C Yogeswari , Pramod Atheena , T C Sabari Girisun , Singh Guruvandra , Jewariya Mukesh , R Nagalakshmi
Published: July 2024

The growth of transparent 5-chloro-2-nitroaniline (5C2NA) crystals was achieved using the slow evaporation solution technique in this paper. The X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy analysis confirmed the crystal structure and molecular fingerprints of 5C2NA, respectively. UV–Vis and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy were employed to investigate the material’s band gap and ground state absorption, respectively. The thermogravimetric analysis indicates that the stability of the grown crystals was achieved at up to 211 °C. Dielectric measurements and Urbach plots suggest the presence of fewer defects in 5C2NA crystals. Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy was utilized to observe the variation of absorption coefficient and refractive index in the terahertz frequency regime. Nonlinear optical effects, such as saturable absorption (SA) and reverse saturable absorption (RSA), are pivotal in the development of all-optical logic gates. The transition between SA and RSA are crucial in optoelectronic applications. In this study, we investigate the 5C2NA crystal, revealing its ability to exhibit both SA and RSA under the Z-scan technique with varying pump intensities. Switching properties observed in 5C2NA can be harnessed for applications such as all-optical logic gates, rapid optical switching, optical limiting, mode storage, among others.