bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bone and Inflammatory Responses to Training in Female Rowers over an Olympic Year
Authors: KURGAN NIGEL , LOGAN-SPRENGER HEATHER , FALK BAREKET , KLENTROU PANAGIOTA
Published: April 2018

Introduction/Purpose

To examine whether fluctuations in training load during an Olympic year lead to changes in bone mineral densities and factors that regulate bone (sclerostin, osteoprotegerin and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand), energy metabolism (insulin-like growth factor-1 and leptin), and inflammation (tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin 6) in elite heavyweight female rowers.

Methods

Blood samples were drawn from 15 female heavyweight rowers (27.0 ± 0.8 yr, 80.9 ± 1.3 kg, 179.4 ± 1.4 cm) at baseline (T1—45 wk before Olympic Games) and after 7, 9, 20, 25, and 42 wk (T1–6, respectively). Ongoing nutritional counseling was provided. Total weekly training load was recorded over the week before each time point. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry at T1 and T6.

Results

Total BMD increased significantly before to after training (+0.02 g·cm−2), but was below the least significant change (±0.04 g·cm−2). Osteoprotegerin, insulin-like growth factor-1, and leptin remained stable across all time points. Fluctuations in training load (high vs low) were accompanied by parallel changes in tumor necrosis factor-α (2.1 ± 0.2 vs 1.5 ± 0.2 pg·mL−1), interleukin 6 (1.2 ± 0.08 vs 0.8 ± 0.09 pg·mL−1), and sclerostin (high: 993 ± 109 vs low: 741 ± 104 pg·mL−1).

Conclusions

In this population of young female athletes with suitable energy availability, sclerostin and inflammation markers responded to fluctuations in training load, whereas BMD and bone mineral content were stable during the season, suggesting that training load periodization is not harmful for the bone health in athletes.
Comparison of plasma malondialdehyde and glutathione levels between low calorie high protein diet to standard protein in obese individuals with weight cycling – a randomised trial
Authors: Prasetya Septian Ika , Jutamulia Joan , Paranoan Adventia Natali , Witjaksono Fiastuti , Mudjihartini Ninik
Published: April 2018

Background: Increasing BMI increases the risk of developing cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Oxidative stress is believed to be the underlying mechanism. A significant proportion of people who have previously succeeded in reducing body weight acquire subsequent weight gain (weight cycling). The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of low calorie diets, either with high or standard protein on plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels in obese people with a history of weight cycling.

Methods: A clinical trial was conducted in a worker’s health centre in Jakarta. Participants were assigned to a caloric restriction diet, with two different intervention groups; a high protein/HP group (22-30% of total caloric intake from protein) and a standard protein/SP group (12-20% protein). The diet programme was applied for 8 weeks with daily reminders and weekly counselling. 61 participants were recruited. 54 participants completed the programme but only 15 subjects had their MDA and GSH level measured pre- and post-treatment. Plasma MDA and GSH levels were measured according to Will’s method and Ellman’s method, respectively.

Results: The mean changes of MDA levels after completing the diet programme in the HP and SP group were 0.031 + 0.124 and -0.034 + 0.363 nmol/ml plasma, respectively. Meanwhile, the mean changes of GSH levels in the HP and SP group were -0.059 + 0.1673 and -0.034 + 0.363 µg/ml plasma, respectively. No statistical significance were found between the mean difference of plasma MDA and GSH level changes among both groups. 

Conclusions: Changes in MDA and GSH levels after high protein or standard protein low-calorie diet intervention for 8 weeks were not significantly different. Protein proportion in the low calorie diet does not affect the change in oxidative stress state for obese individuals with weight cycling.

Trial registration number: NCT03374150
Comparison of body composition changes between low calorie high protein diet to standard protein in obese individuals with weight cycling – a randomised trial
Authors: Jutamulia Joan , Paranoan Adventia Natali , Prasetya Septian Ika , Mudjihartini Ninik , Witjaksono Fiastuti
Published: April 2018

Background:The world prevalence of obesity in adult population in 2014 was nearly 13% while in Indonesia, it has reached 32.9% in the same year. Obesity is an established risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. A large proportion of people who had succeeded to reduce body weight failed to maintain it (weight cycling). Studies were inconclusive about the best composition in the diet for such people. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the body composition changes resulted from low calorie high protein and standard protein diet programme in obese people with history of weight cycling.

Methods:This is an open-randomized clinical trial of weight loss program as a part of a larger study researching the effect of low calorie high protein diet to body composition, oxidative stress, inflammation marker and metabolic syndrome in obese with weight cycling. A total of 61 adult obese men and women with history of weight cycling were recruited. Subjects were assigned to low calorie diet and were randomly distributed into two intervention groups, namely high protein group (22-30 % of total calories intake) and standard protein group (12-20%). Anthropometry and body composition data were taken at baseline and at the end of the study. Subjects were followed up to 8 weeks with daily reminder and weekly counselling.

Results:Fourty five participants completed the study. There were significant reductions in in body weight and body mass index (BMI), fat mass, fat mass percentage, muscle mass, and gain in muscle mass percentage occurred in both groups (Standard protein: P<0.001; High protein: P<0.001 for all variables except for fat mass P= 0,001) with no difference between group (P>0.05).

Conclusion:Calories deficit with either high protein or standard protein for 8 weeks brought about significant reduction in body composition
Case Report: Suspicions of metastasis in a patient with transitional cell carcinoma were revealed to be spinal tuberculosis
Authors: Eilami Owrang , Jahanbin Shahla , Nikbakht Gordafarin , Azarifar Faezeh , Jokar Saeid
Published: April 2018

Background: Infection withMycobacterium tuberculosis(TB) is one of the major causes of mortality in developing countries. TB is primarily a lung disease, but can affect almost every organ of the body. Skeletal TB involves the bones or joints. In this report, we will introduce a patient with a medical history of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder that presented with spinal tuberculosis (Pott's disease).

Case Report:The patient was a 74-year-old man with medical history of TCC of the bladder who had come to hospital due to severe weakness and sprains of lower extremities. Other symptoms noted by the patient included anorexia, weight loss (of 5 kg), and night sweats, but he did not complain of fever, coughs or respiratory symptoms. The lab data were as follows: WBC, 16/9*103; ESR, 88 mm/hr; CRP, 78mg/dl. Radiology findings revealed degenerative process in the L2-L3 lumbar vertebrae and disk. PCR and sample tissue culture results showed the presence ofMycobacterium tuberculosis.

Conclusion:In the lesions of the lumbar vertebrae, even if there is another underlying disease, spinal TB should also be considered as a possibility. Furthermore, in patients with any type of cancer, any other organ conflict is not considered as metastasis, and tissue sampling should be provided because a change in the type of disease can influence prognosis.
Features of the socio-psychological climate in service collectives of law enforcement bodies
Authors: Лункин Алексей , Lunkin Aleksey
Published: April 2018

The article analyzes and evaluates the results of a comprehensive socio - psychological study in order to identify psychological information that is relevant to the management of the service team. Results of socio - psychological research are considered solely for the purpose of increasing the efficiency of operational and official activities and optimizing moral and psychological support. Discussion of the conducted empirical research allowed to assess the state of the socio-psychological climate in the team, the moral and psychological state of personnel, identify factors that adversely affect the results of operational and service activities and socio-psychological processes, the specifics of interpersonal relations in the team, as well as the opinion of personnel on leaders.
Motivational Socio-Psychological Training as a method of professional training of heads of law enforcement bodies
Authors: Вахнина Виктория , Vahnina Viktoriya , Симон Дмитрий , Simon Dmitriy
Published: April 2018

Professional motivation is a system-forming factor in realizing the social and managerial functions of the activity of heads of internal affairs bodies. It is formed in the process of professional formation of personality, including not only the experience of professional activity, but also the stage of training. Professional motivation is understood as those professionally important psychological components and features of the motivational sphere of the individual, which are the internal prerequisite for the success of the formation of professionalism, professional growth of the head of the internal affairs body. Motivational socio-psychological training is one of the main methods for the development of personal motivation and one of the main methods of professional training of heads of internal affairs bodies. It forms in the individual a more realistic view of his competence and the associated stability of his assessments of achievements.
Handling properties of a superabsorbent dressing in the management of patients with moderate-to-very high exuding wounds
Authors: Münter Karl-Christian , De Lange Stefanie , Eberlein Thomas , Andriessen Anneke , Abel Martin
Published: April 2018

Objective:

Exudate control is an important aspect of wound management in both acute and chronic wounds. Exudate can be an indicator of the wound bed condition, specifically inflammation and infection. This study aimed to evaluate the performance, in terms of usability, handling properties, exudate management, user satisfaction and patient comfort, in daily clinical practice, of a superabsorbent dressing, Vliwasorb Pro (Lohmann & Rauscher), suitable for the management of moderate-to-very high exudate levels.

Method:

The user test was conducted between September 2016 and July 2017, with clinicians from different specialisms in 55 centres across Germany. Both the dressing and user test were supplied by the sponsor. The superabsorbent dressing was used for at least three dressing changes, with frequency dependent on the patient and wound condition.

Results:

A total of 55 clinicians recruited 171 patients with various wound types. The clinicians rated dressing application as ‘easy’ for 163 (95.3%) of the patients. The dressing was rated as easy to remove (168 (98.3%) and, according to clinicians, did not soil patients' clothing in 165 (97.1%) of cases. The dressing demonstrated a ‘good absorbent capacity’, as noted by clinicians in 167 (98.2%) of cases. Clinicians also commented that the dressing reduced foul odour, maceration and improved periwound skin condition.

Conclusion:

The evaluated dressing was easy to use, comfortable and reliable for patients with moderate-to-very high exuding wounds. In view of these results, superabsorbent dressings seem to be interesting for both clinicians and patients. Clinical studies are required to confirm these results.
Pressure ulcer prevalence and perceptions on prevention: a hospital-wide survey of health professionals
Authors: Wong Alison L. , Walia Gurjot S. , Bello Ricardo , Aquino Carla S. , Sacks Justin M.
Published: April 2018

Objective:

Hospital-acquired pressure ulcers (HAPUs) remain a problem despite numerous prevention initiatives. To understand why, it is necessary to know health professionals' perceptions regarding the importance of prevention, and the usability of current initiatives. We hypothesised that positive perceptions of existing initiatives would not be correlated with low HAPU prevalence, and that health professionals would perceive the initiatives to have a low usability.

Method:

A two-part, online survey was developed and distributed electronically to nurses, in-training physicians and attending physicians, across all inpatient and perioperative departments of an academic hospital. Part one of the survey was the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Staff Attitude Scale on beliefs regarding PU prevention; part two was additional questions on the usability of existing preventative initiatives. The results of the survey were compared with quarterly HAPU prevalence data by hospital unit.

Results:

In total, 839 health professionals completed the survey (579 nurses, 131 residents, 119 attending physicians). The mean score for the AHRQ survey was 42.5 (≥40 denoting positive perceptions). There was a moderate correlation between AHRQ scores and prevalence of HAPUs (r=–0.60, p=0.402). For usability, repositioning was felt to be the most effective intervention (mean: 4.54, standard deviation (SD): 0.64), while educational posters were felt to be the least effective (mean: 3.31, SD: 0.99). Respondents generally rated satisfaction much lower, with no single initiative significantly better than the others (range: 3.21–3.79). Perceived effectiveness and satisfaction were all positively correlated.

Conclusion:

High HAPU prevalence, despite position perceptions, suggests that prevention methods are not as effective as thought, or they are not being used as widely as they should. Further research should take advantage of positive attitudes by prospectively investigating the usability of novel interventions.
Continuing Professional Development: Reflecting on our own professional values and behaviours as paramedics
Authors: Donaghy John
Published: April 2018

Overview

Professional values and behaviours of paramedics often influence our clinical performance, as well as our ability to actively and professionally interact with colleagues, patients and the multi-professional healthcare team. This short CPD article explores how our behaviour, and that of colleagues, inform and shape our interactions with people whose values may differ from our own ( Clompus and Albarran, 2016 ).
Dental clinical academic training: what and why?
Authors: Barber Sophy
Published: April 2018

Following concerns about decreasing numbers of young dentists pursuing a career in academia, significant efforts have been made to provide an integrated clinical and academic training pathway. This article describes how academic training has been streamlined to fit with specialist training, and highlights some of the potential benefits and barriers to academic training.
Artificial Intelligence vs Real Stupidity
Authors: Knotareal
Published: April 2018

Why dentists and physicians need to work more closely together when it comes to managing patients on bisphosphonates.
Lipopolysaccharide Prompts Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Rats’ Testicular Tissue
Authors: Halawa Amal A , A El-Adl Mohamed , Hamed Mohamed F , Balboula Ahmed Z , Elmetwally Mohammed A
Published: April 2018

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a component of the outer membrane of gram negative bacteria. LPS challenging allows switching transcription of proinflammatory cytokines on via over stimulation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) signaling pathway with subsequent pathogenic inflammatory response. We investigated the possible reproductive toxicity of LPS in male Wister albino rats. Oxidative stress markers, antioxidant status and caspase-3 activity were analyzed in testicular tissues of rats exposed to either saline or LPS (4 mg/kg BW, ip; 0.18 of the LD50). The samples were collected at 6 h and 72 h after injection of LPS. A significant reduction in testicular reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) was observed at 72 h compared to control group. Total antioxidant capacity was decreased at 6 h with additional significant reduction at 72 h. Catalase activity was reduced significantly at both 6 and 72 h. Malondialdehyde (MDA) was increased (P ≤ 0.05) in LPS injected rats without variation between 6 and 72 h. A significant increase in nitric oxide (NO) was observed at 72 h after injection. A time-dependent increase in LPS-treated groups was observed in the concentration of caspase-3.Histopathological analysis revealed degenerative changes and necrosis of seminiferous tubules after 6 h with further accumulation of eosinophilic edematous transudate in its lumen after 72 h. In conclusion, by increasing time of exposure, LPS induced lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, reduced testicular antioxidant capacity and encouraged testicular apoptosis which could be possible mechanisms for impairment of testicular function.
Leistungsklassen und Geschlechtertests
Authors: Heckemeyer Karolin
Published: April 2018

Der Sport ist bis heute eine Sphäre männlicher Dominanz und heteronormativer Geschlechtervorstellungen. Das zeigt die anhaltende Debatte über Geschlechtertests im Leistungssport ebenso wie die deutliche Unterrepräsentanz von Sportlerinnen in den Medien. Aus einer praxistheoretischen Perspektive zeigt Karolin Heckemeyer, wie sich diese heteronormativ-hierarchische Ordnung in Bestimmungen internationaler Sportorganisationen und in Auseinandersetzungen von Athletinnen mit den Regeln des Sports (re-)produziert und legitimiert. Die Leistungsklasse Geschlecht erweist sich dabei als eine Struktur, die es für zukünftige Visionen eines geschlechterinklusiven Sports kritisch zu hinterfragen gilt.
Hinter der glitzernden Fassade
Authors: Safiyev Rail
Published: April 2018

Das Beispiel Aserbaidschans belegt die starke Beständigkeit eines Willkürregimes - insbesondere, wenn es von Wirtschaftswachstum und Wohlstandssteigerung in Verbindung mit überraschenden Erdöleinnahmen geprägt ist. Rail Safiyevs Studie zeigt einen Staat mit ausgeprägter Steuerungsfunktion, der auf fester Eigenlogik, Organisationsstärke und höchster Loyalität zur Herrschaft basiert, dessen Machtstrukturen aber von informalen Mitteln durchdrungen sind. Diese Herrschaft der Informalität gewinnt nicht allein auf der Ebene der politischen Institutionen an Durchsetzungskraft, sondern wird in alltäglichen Machtkämpfen ausgetragen und verhandelt.
Erfahrung und Engagement
Authors: Unrau Christine
Published: April 2018

»Eine andere Welt ist möglich« - so lautet das Credo der Globalisierungskritik, die sich als Gegenbewegung zur neoliberalen Umgestaltung der Welt formiert hat. Darin liegt ein Appell zum politischen Engagement und eine Kritik am Rückzug ins Private, Gemütliche und Überschaubare. Doch auf welcher Erfahrungsbasis beruht dieser Appell? Welche Rolle spielt etwa die Erfahrung der Empörung für die Motivation politischen Handelns? Und lässt sich aus universalem Mitleid ein neues Ethos für eine globalisierte Welt ableiten? Christine Unrau geht diesen Fragen anhand eines mehrdimensionalen Erfahrungsbegriffs nach, der neben Vernunft auch Spiritualität, Emotionalität und Kreativität miteinbezieht.
Paulianesthes fouquei sp. nov., the second species of the endemic genus from Madagascar (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Tentyriini)
Authors: Schawaller Wolfgang , Fricke Roman
Published: April 2018

The tenebrionid tribe Tentyriini (without Epitragini) was known from Madagascar only from three endemic and so far monotypic genera (Nothrocerus Fairmaire, 1891, Rhomaleus Chatanay, 1915, and Paulianesthes Koch, 1962). New collections prove the presence of a second species of Paulianesthes in southwestern Madagascar, being described in the present paper. Paulianesthes fouquei sp. nov. was found by pitfall traps on sandy soil in a small piece of forest with grazing cattle and sheep.
Taxonomic changes within Imatidiini and Hybosispini (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae)
Authors: Sekerka Lukáš
Published: April 2018

Type specimens of various taxa of Imatidiini and Hybosispini were examined to verify their identity. The following taxonomic changes are proposed based on these comparisons. New combinations: Cephaloleia apertura (Staines, 2013) comb. nov. (from Aslamidium Borowiec, 1984), Cephaloleia jataiensis (Pic, 1923) comb. nov. (from Xenispa Baly, 1859), Pseudimatidium bicoloricornis (Pic, 1926) comb. nov. (from Windsorispa Sekerka, 2014), Xanthispa miniacea (Blanchard, 1843) comb. nov. (from Homalispa Baly, 1859), Xenispa aeneipennis (Baly, 1859) comb. nov. (from Cephaloleia Chevrolat, 1836), Xenispa gilvipes (Uhmann, 1930) comb. nov. (from Cephaloleia), Hybosispa claripes (Pic, 1923) comb. nov. (from Solenispa Weise, 1905), Hybosispa delectabilis (Staines, 1996) comb. nov. (from Cephaloleia), Hybosispa sulciceps (Baly, 1885) comb. nov. (from Cephaloleia), and Hybosispa truncatipennis (Baly, 1869) comb. nov. (from Cephaloleia). New synonyms: Cephaloleia impressa Uhmann, 1930 = Demothispa clermonti Pic, 1934 syn. nov.; Xenispa atra (Pic, 1926) = Cephaloleia cyanea Staines, 1996, syn. nov. Change in status: Cephaloleia fernandoi (Bondar, 1940) stat. restit. is removed from synonymy with C. opaca Baly, 1859. The monotypic genus Serratispa Staines, 2002 assign. nov. is transferred from Sceloenoplini to Imatidiini based on morphological characters. Three species are described: Cephaloleia fouquei sp. nov. from Bolivia and Peru, C. renei sp. nov. from Ecuador, and Xenispa fouquei sp. nov. from Venezuela. Keys to Cephaloleia basalis Weise, 1910 species-group, Venezuelan species of Xenispa Baly, 1859, and species of Hybosispa Weise, 1905 are proposed to simplify identifi cation of respective taxa. Most of the taxa discussed herein are provided with colour photographs.
Eotrechus fuscus sp. nov. from Northeastern India with a key to Indian species (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerridae)
Authors: Basu Srimoyee , Chandra Kailash , Venkatesan Thiruvengadam
Published: April 2018

Eotrechus fuscus sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerridae: Eotrechinae) is described from Sikkim, Himalaya, India and compared with all known congeners. The male genitalia study was undertaken to confirm validity of this species. Eotrechus longipes Andersen, 1982 is recorded from Sikkim for the first time. A key to all known Indian species is also provided. With the addition of this new species, a total of six species of this genus are currently reported from India.
A new species of Anthocoris from Iran (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Anthocoridae)
Authors: Moulet Pierre , Ghahari Hassan , Ostovan Hadi
Published: April 2018

Anthocoris kmenti sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) is described from Mazandaran province (northern Iran). The species was collected on Rubus idaeus (Linnaeus) (Rosaceae), and confirmed as the predator of Pealius setosus Danzig, 1964 (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae).
A review of the genus Cryptopleurum from China (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)
Authors: Jia Fenglong , Zhang Ruijuan
Published: April 2018

Species of the genus Cryptopleurum Mulsant, 1844 (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Sphaeridiinae: Megasternini) occurring in China are revised. Five species are reported, three of which are reported from China for the first time: C. coomani d’Orchymont, 1926 from Guangdong, C. sulcatum Motschulsky, 1863 from Hainan and Yunnan, and C. ferrugineum Motschulsky, 1863 from Guangdong. Cryptopleurum minutum (Fabricius, 1775) is reported for the first time from Qinghai and Gansu, C. subtile Sharp, 1884 from Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Hubei, Hunan, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanghai, Shanxi and Yunnan. Diagnosis of each species and a key to all Chinese species of Cryptopleurum are provided.
Lisubatrus dongzhiweii gen. et sp. nov. from the Gaoligong Mountains, China (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae)
Authors: Yin Zi-Wei
Published: April 2018

A new genus and species of the subfamily Pselaphinae, Lisubatrus dongzhiweii gen. et sp. nov., is described from the Gaoligong Mountains, southwestern China. Lisubatrus is assigned to the tribe Batrisini, subtribe Batrisina, and placed in a group of genera related to Dendrolasiophilus Nomura, 2010. Members of this group share the characteristic cephalic setose tufts, and have the aedeagus with a large basal capsule, and a well-developed dorsal lobe. Important diagnostic features of Lisubatrus are illustrated, and an identification key to distinguish Lisubatrus from the allied genera is given.
Assessment Literacy of Secondary EFL Teachers: Evidence from a Regional EFL Test
Authors: Zhang Cong , Yan Xun
Published: April 2018

This study investigated the assessment skills of secondary EFL teachers through analyzing the quality of test items on a municipal English examination for eighth graders in a city located in northern China. Data included students’answers to test items as well as a post-test questionnaire and teachers’ responses to semi-structured interviews. It was found that overall, the test functioned satisfactorily, with most items moderately easy yet discriminating, and high internal consistency and strong correlations among subscale scores. However, item analysis and content review of the test identified some items with incorrect or multiple keys, which may result from a combination of EFL teachers’ inadequate language proficiency and their attempts to write attractive distractors.
The cross-correlation function of complications of linear recurrent sequences
Authors: Bugrov Aleksey D.
Published: April 2018

The paper is concerned with complications of linear recurrent sequences over the field GF(q) and the ring GR(qn
, pn
) with interconnected recurrent relations. The cross-correlation function between cycles of given sequences is estimated.
Synthesis and characterization of (4-arm-star-PMMA)/PMMA-g-SiO2 hybrid nanocomposites
Authors: Tham Do Quang , Hoang Thai , Giang Nguyen Vu , Kim Dung Nguyen Thi , Chung Ildoo
Published: April 2018

This study provides a route to prepare 4-arm star poly(methyl methacrylate) (4sPMMA)/PMMA grafted SiO2 (PMMA-g-SiO2) hybrid nanocomposites that can be used as 3D printing material and filler for dental materials. First, 4sPMMA was synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization with low metal catalyst concentration. Modified colloidal silica nanoparticles (MCSPs) were synthesized by grafting 3-methoxypropyl trimethoxysilane (MPS) onto the surface of colloidal silica nanoparticles (CSPs) and then dispersed in the solution of methyl methacrylate monomer in dioxane. The mixture of 4sPMMA and MCSPs solutions was degassed and replaced in an oil bath at 70–75°C; the reaction was continued with α,α′-azobis(isobutyronitrile) as an initiator for 24 h to form 4sPMMA/PMMA-g-SiO2 hybrid nanocomposites. Viscosity measurement showed that viscosity of the hybrid was increased with increasing MPS loading used in modification of CSPs, which verified that PMMA had been grafted onto MCSPs. Fourier transform infrared spectra of the hybrid nanocomposites demonstrated the strong molecular interaction between MCSPs and polymer matrix, and 1H NMR spectra confirmed the formation of PMMA-g-SiO2. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images revealed that MCSPs were well dispersed in polymer matrix with the size of about 20–30 nm. Thermal stability of the hybrid nanocomposites was improved compared with PMMA made from free radical polymerization.
Basic pituitary-ovarian hormones and ultrasound parameters of uterine appendages in full-term and preterm neonate girls
Authors: Artymuk Natalia , Yelgina Svetlana I. , Nikulina Elena
Published: April 2018

Objective

To determine the basic pituitary-ovarian hormones and ultrasound parameters of uterine appendages in full-term and preterm newborn girls.

Materials and methods

One hundred full-term and premature newborn girls (58 and 42, respectively) were studied with clinical, instrumental, laboratory (enzyme immunoassay) and statistical methods.

Results

Statistically significant differences in the pituitary-ovarian hormones and ultrasound parameters of uterine appendages in preterm neonate girls compared to full-term girls were defined. The pituitary hormone levels (follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormone levels) were higher in preterm newborn girls [0.15 (0.06–0.53) and 0.06 (0.05–0.08) (p = 0.0001); 0.03 (0.00–0.23) and 0.00 (0.00–0.03), (p = 0.003)]; the ovarian hormone levels (estradiol, anti-Müllerian hormone and inhibin В levels) were lower [0.44 (0.25–0.85) and 1.55 (1.06–1.84) (p = 0.0001); 2.73 (2.12–3.65) and 3.66 (2.59–5.0), (p = 0.026), 60.81 (37.19–128.80) and 104.75 (54.35–159.18), (p = 0.019), respectively]. Ultrasound investigation showed that the ovarian reserve in preterm neonates was smaller compared to the full-term neonates [38.48 (22.01–56.49) and 102.47 (85.36–111.37), (p = 0.0001); 36.95 (25.21–70.59) and 108.05 (91.74–116.44), (p = 0.0001), respectively (p = 0.0001)]. The number of antral follicles in the slice was also statistically significantly smaller [2 – in the right ovary, 1 – in the left ovary, vs. 4 and 4, respectively (p = 0.0001)].

Conclusion

Premature neonates have different pituitary-ovarian hormones and ovarian size compared to full-term babies.
A critical review of integrated grass weed management in Ireland
Authors: Byrne R. , Spink J. , Freckleton R. , Neve P. , Barth S.
Published: April 2018

Grass weeds affect arable crops throughout the world, inflicting yield penalties, reducing crop quality and taking available nutrients away from the growing crop. Recently in Ireland, the presence of herbicide resistance in grass weeds has been noted. In order to preserve the sustainability of crop production in Ireland, an integrated pest management approach must be implemented. How this applies to control grass weeds was the focus of this review. Here we examined the state of current research into grass weed biology and the nature of herbicide resistance, identifying gaps in research in the Irish context. We identified a number of cultural grass weed control techniques, as being relevant to the Irish mode of crop production. Crop rotation, cultivation techniques, manipulation of sowing dates and increased crop competition were recognised as useful strategies. Combining these strategies to provide effective grass weed control may be key to reduce dependence on herbicides.
Using photovoice in adolescent health research: a case-study of the Well-being of Adolescents in Vulnerable Environments (WAVE) Study in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Olumide Adesola O. , Adebayo Emmanuel S. , Ojengbede Oladosu A.
Published: April 2018

Photovoice is a participatory action research method in which people are given cameras and asked to take pictures of specific issues within their community. It is often used among marginalised populations. This method helps people capture specific issues within their community using photographs, critically discuss these issues within a group and present their findings to inform policies within their community. Photovoice has been used in developed countries and among adult participants; however, the extent to which it has been used in developing countries and among adolescent participants is yet to be extensively reported. In this paper, we describe the use of photovoice among male and female adolescents aged 15–19 years who participated in the qualitative phase (phase I) of the Well-being of Adolescents in Vulnerable Environments (WAVE) study in Ibadan, Nigeria. The main study was conducted among adolescents residing in disadvantaged communities within five global cities (Baltimore, USA; Ibadan, Nigeria; Johannesburg, South Africa; New Delhi, India and Shanghai, China). Our findings revealed that adolescents in Ibadan were very eager to participate, remained fully engaged throughout the process and the data obtained were rich and detailed. Some challenges encountered with using this method were that younger adolescents had a tendency to attain saturation when taking pictures much earlier than older adolescents; however, they equally discussed the pictures taken enthusiastically. Overall, our findings affirm that photovoice as a data collection method can be successfully used in research among adolescents in developing countries like Nigeria.
Influenza vaccination challenges in an at-risk student population: considerations for health services
Authors: Murray Adelaide R. , Caron Rosemary M.
Published: April 2018

Background:

The American College Health Association’s, National College Health Assessment (ACHA’s NCHA) estimates 46.1% of college students reported being vaccinated in the last year.

Objective:

1) To understand the college student’s knowledge, attitude, and beliefs in regards to influenza vaccination; 2) To establish recommendations in a population where high risk transmission does not consistently translate into high vaccination rates.

Methods:

Utilizing the health belief model (HBM), a cross-sectional study of college student perspectives of influenza vaccination was conducted.

Results:

Student beliefs regarding vaccination-associated illness and the importance of vaccination did influence vaccination behavior. However, student perceptions of being at risk for the flu and the lack of barriers to vaccination were not found to be significant indicators of vaccination behavior.

Conclusion:

For this particular population, vaccination promotion efforts may be most effectively targeted in the sophomore and junior years. Findings of this study inform efforts among University Health Services regarding seasonal flu prevention and vaccination on the college campus.
Environmental perceptions and its associations with physical fitness and body composition in adolescents: longitudinal results from the LabMed Physical Activity Study
Authors: Oliveira André , Lopes Luis , Abreu Sandra , Moreira Carla , Silva Pedro , Agostinis-Sobrinho César , Oliveira-Santos José , Mota Jorge , Santos Rute
Published: April 2018

Background

The environmental correlates have been extensively studied in the last years, but most associations with physical fitness (PF) and body composition have been cross-sectional in nature.

Objective

This study aimed to determine if adolescents’ environmental perceptions associated with PF and body composition in a 2-year follow-up.

Subjects

Participants were 583 adolescents aged 12–18 years (299 girls) from the LabMed Physical Activity Study.

Methods

PF and body composition were assessed with the protocols of the ALPHA health-related fitness battery and environmental perceptions with the ALPHA environmental questionnaire. Linear regression models were used to determine the associations between environmental perceptions at baseline and PF and anthropometric measures at follow-up.

Results

Results showed that perceptions of distant facilities at baseline were associated with lower fitness at follow-up in boys. Also, boys’ lower study environment perceptions at baseline were associated with higher body composition at follow-up. Positive perceptions of a pleasant environment at baseline were associated with better fitness at follow-up in boys. Additionally, girls’ positive bike lanes availability and esthetics perceptions at baseline were associated with better body composition at follow-up.

Conclusion

Positive environmental perceptions at baseline are associated with better PF and body composition at follow-up.
The Disciplines of Geography: Constructing Space in the Ancient World
Authors: Konstantopoulos Gina
Published: April 2018

This article serves as introduction to a special double issue of the journal, comprised of seven articles that center on the theme of space and place in the ancient world. The essays examine the ways in which borders, frontiers, and the lands beyond them were created, defined, and maintained in the ancient world. They consider such themes within the context of the Old Assyrian period, the Hittite empire, and the Neo-Assyrian empire, as well as within the broader scope of Biblical texts and the Graeco-Roman world. As we only see evidence of a documented, physical, and thus fixed map in the later stages of Mesopotamian history, the ancient world primarily conceived of space through mental maps rather than physical ones. Thus, while the societies of the ancient Near East integrated knowledge gained by actual contact with distant lands into their world view, it was also informed by the literary conceptions of those same spaces. These mental maps were unsurprisingly prone to shifting over time, changing as the social conceptions of the world itself, its border and frontiers, the lands that lay beyond them and how those places might be defined, also changed. These papers question the intersection of concrete and fantastical, or real and imagined, that existed in both the ancient and pre-modern world, where distant locations become elaborately embroidered by fantastical constructions, despite the concrete connections of travel, trade, and even military enterprise.
Anti-inflammatory and insulin secretory activity in experimental type-2 diabetic rats treated orally with magnesium
Authors: Ige Abayomi Oluwatosin , Ajayi Olanrewaju Amos , Adewoye Eunice Olufunke
Published: April 2018

Background

Diabetes mellitus causes low-grade chronic inflammation which leads to the development of long-term complications. Oral magnesium (Mg) intake amongst other effects was reported to reduce the levels of inflammatory markers. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory and insulin secretory activities in experimental type-2 diabetic rats (n=32) orally treated with Mg.

Methods

Experimental type-2 diabetic rats were induced with high fat diet and alloxan (50 mg/kg, single i.p.) for over 10 weeks prior to the experimental procedures. Male Wistar rats were divided into 4 equal groups: control, untreated experimental diabetics, and experimental diabetics treated orally with either metformin (Met) (250 mg/kg), or Mg (250 mg/kg), respectively, for 14 days. The blood glucose (BG) levels were monitored before experimental induction of diabetes and thereafter on days 1, 7, 10, and 14, respectively. Serum insulin, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and lipid profile were assessed using laboratory kits while pancreatic beta cell function (BCF) and insulin resistance were estimated using homeostasis model assessment equations.

Results

Significant increase in the BG level was observed in all experimental diabetic groups on day 1 compared to controls. On day 14, BG, BCF, triglyceride, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein levels were increased while the high-density lipoprotein level was reduced in untreated diabetics compared to other groups. Insulin and insulin resistance were increased in all groups compared to control. Serum insulin and IL-6 were reduced while CRP was elevated in diabetic treated groups (Met and Mg) compared to untreated diabetics.

Conclusions

This study shows a hypoglycemic, lipid regulatory, insulin stimulatory, and anti-inflammatory effect of oral Mg treatment in experimental type-2 diabetic rats.
Comparative hypoglycemic potentials and phytochemical profiles of 12 common leafy culinary vegetables consumed in Nsukka, Southeastern Nigeria
Authors: Aba Patrick Emeka , Udechukwu Ifeanyi Ronald
Published: April 2018

Background

Metabolic disease like diabetes mellitus is on the increase in developing countries due to lack of access to orthodox medicine owing to its high cost. Health benefits of culinary vegetables cannot be overemphasized. This study therefore aims to profile the hypoglycaemic potentials of 12 common leafy vegetables consumed in Nsukka, Southeastern Nigeria and advise diabetic patients accordingly.

Methods

A total of 75 albino Wistar rats assigned to 15 groups of five rats per group were used for the study. Diabetes was induced in groups 1–14 rats by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan monohydrate (160 mg/kg), and rats in group 15 were not made diabetic. Groups 1–12 rats were treated with aqueous extracts of the vegetables (200 mg/kg), and group 13 rats received glibenclamide at 2 mg/kg and served as standard control. Rats in groups 14 and 15 received distilled water (10 mL/kg) to serve as negative and normal controls, respectively. The fasting blood glucose (FBG) values of the rats were determined 3, 6 and 24 h post-treatment. Phytochemical studies on the vegetables were also carried out.

Results

Results revealed that the hypoglycaemic activities of Gongronema latifolium, Pterocarpus santalinoides, Ocimum gratissimum, Pterocarpus mildbraedii and Vernonia amygdalina were comparable (p>0.05) to that obtained for glibenclamide (standard anti-diabetic drug) while Gnetum africanum and Piper guineense did not show significant hypoglycaemic activities. Phytochemicals such as flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, glycosides, and terpenes were present in the vegetables.

Conclusions

It was concluded that the vegetables possess hypoglycaemic activities at different capacities with G. latifolium being the most potent.
Autonomic responses during acute myocardial infarction in the rat model: implications for arrhythmogenesis
Authors: Kolettis Theofilos M. , Kontonika Marianthi , Lekkas Panagiotis , Vlahos Antonios P. , Baltogiannis Giannis G. , Gatzoulis Konstantinos A. , Chrousos George P.
Published: April 2018

Background

Autonomic responses participate in the pathophysiology of acute myocardial infarction, but their precise time course remains unclear. Here, we investigated the autonomic activity and ventricular tachyarrhythmias in conscious, unrestrained rats post-infarction.

Methods

The left coronary artery was ligated in 12 Wistar rats, and six rats were sham operated, followed by 24-h electrocardiographic recording via implanted telemetry transmitters. Sympathetic activity was assessed by detrended fluctuation analysis and vagal activity by time- and frequency-domain analysis of heart rate variability. The duration of the ventricular tachyarrhythmias was measured, and voluntary motion served as a marker of heart failure.

Results

In sham-operated rats, heart rate and sympathetic activity remained low, whereas vagal activity rose progressively after the fourth hour. Post-ligation, medium-sized antero-septal necrosis was observed, reaching ~20% of the left ventricular volume; tachyarrhythmias were frequent, displaying a bimodal curve, and motion counts were low. Vagal activity decreased early post-ligation, coinciding with a high incidence of tachyarrhythmias, but tended to rise subsequently in rats with higher motion counts. Sympathetic activity increased after the third hour, along with a second tachyarrhythmia peak, and remained elevated throughout the 24-h period.

Conclusions

Vagal withdrawal, followed by gradual sympathetic activation, may participate in arrhythmogenesis during acute myocardial infarction.
Pasireotide in the treatment of neuroendocrine tumors: a review of the literature
Authors: Vitale Giovanni , Dicitore Alessandra , Sciammarella Concetta , Di Molfetta Sergio , Rubino Manila , Faggiano Antongiulio , Colao Annamaria
Published: April 2018

Somatostatin analogs have an important role in the medical therapy of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Octreotide and lanreotide, both somatostatin analogs binding with high affinity for the somatostatin receptor (SSTR)2, can control symptoms in functional NETs. In addition, these compounds, because of their antiproliferative effects, can stabilize growth of well-differentiated NETs. Pasireotide is a novel multireceptor-targeted somatostatin analog with high affinity for SSTR1, 2, 3, and 5. This review provides an overview of the state of the art of pasireotide in the treatment of NETs, with the aim of addressing clinical relevance and future perspectives for this molecule in the management of NETs.
Neurobehavioral Outcomes 11 Years After Neonatal Caffeine Therapy for Apnea of Prematurity
Authors: Mürner-Lavanchy Ines M. , Doyle Lex W. , Schmidt Barbara , Roberts Robin S. , Asztalos Elizabeth V. , Costantini Lorrie , Davis Peter G. , Dewey Deborah , D’Ilario Judy , Grunau Ruth E. , Moddemann Diane , Nelson Harvey , Ohlsson Arne , Solimano Alfonso , Tin Win , Anderson Peter J. ,   for the Caffeine for Apnea of Prematurity (CAP) Trial Group
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Caffeine is effective in the treatment of apnea of prematurity. Although caffeine therapy has a benefit on gross motor skills in school-aged children, effects on neurobehavioral outcomes are not fully understood. We aimed to investigate effects of neonatal caffeine therapy in very low birth weight (500–1250 g) infants on neurobehavioral outcomes in 11-year-old participants of the Caffeine for Apnea of Prematurity trial.

METHODS:

Thirteen academic hospitals in Canada, Australia, Great Britain, and Sweden participated in this part of the 11-year follow-up of the double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Measures of general intelligence, attention, executive function, visuomotor integration and perception, and behavior were obtained in up to 870 children. The effects of caffeine therapy were assessed by using regression models.

RESULTS:

Neurobehavioral outcomes were generally similar for both the caffeine and placebo group. The caffeine group performed better than the placebo group in fine motor coordination (mean difference [MD] = 2.9; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.7 to 5.1; P = .01), visuomotor integration (MD = 1.8; 95% CI: 0.0 to 3.7; P < .05), visual perception (MD = 2.0; 95% CI: 0.3 to 3.8; P = .02), and visuospatial organization (MD = 1.2; 95% CI: 0.4 to 2.0; P = .003).

CONCLUSIONS:

Neonatal caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity improved visuomotor, visuoperceptual, and visuospatial abilities at age 11 years. General intelligence, attention, and behavior were not adversely affected by caffeine, which highlights the long-term safety of caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity in very low birth weight neonates.
Queer identities in materials science and engineering
Authors: Bowman Keith J. , Madsen Lynnette D.
Published: April 2018

What does queer mean? And how does identifying as queer affect one’s day-to-day life in the arena of materials science and engineering (MSE)? Although when I was growing up, “queer” was treated as an offensive term, queer has been adopted by a growing number of folks who do not conform to traditional societal conventions.1This encompasses lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender, non-binary, intersex, asexual or other broadly related groups (LGBTQ+), and any similarly aligned subpopulations of humanity that can be broadly defined as gender and sexual minorities (GSM).2–4Identity is an important attribute that has been tied to the effectiveness of efforts to broaden participation in science5and engineering.6,7Identity is important because our sense of self is derived from others, as are the social constructs that establish hierarchies on what is desirable or normal.8If we associate success in a particular career path with a particular identity (e.g., heterosexual, cis-gender, white male), and our identity is other than that, we may carry an extra burden in achieving success in that career path.9And, as we all have multiple identities (race, ethnicity, gender, religion) based upon various aspects of our backgrounds, it is evident that personal identities that coincide with the norms of a particular professional role are the easiest. The impacts of identity on self-efficacy are inherent to both imposter syndrome10and stereotype threat.11
MÉTODO DE ALFABETIZAÇÃO GLOBAL DE CONTOS E O PAPEL DA LEITURA COMO RENOVAÇÃO DAS PRÁTICAS E MODERNIDADE PEDAGÓGICA (1918-1938)
Authors: Veloso Geisa Magela , Paiva Aparecida , Veiga Cynthia Greive
Published: April 2018

RESUMO: O artigo tem por objetivo identificar representações sobre o método de alfabetização global de contos, analisando o papel da leitura no processo de renovação das práticas de ensino e na instauração da modernidade. Tomando o jornal Gazeta do Norte como fonte documental, constatou-se que a cidade de Montes Claros - MG fez adesão à Reforma Francisco Campos (1927-1928), que impôs o método global de contos para alfabetizar com base na compreensão dos textos e não apenas na memorização de unidades linguísticas. Os discursos disseminados ainda indicam que o ensino da leitura deveria possibilitar a pesquisa, a reflexão e o uso da linguagem em diferentes situações comunicativas.