bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of wildfires in a sustainable future
Authors: Sharifi Ebrahim
Published: September 2022

Climate change and global warming have led to many risks and changes for the Earth, including the increase in natural fires, floods, air pollution, unusual seasons, etc. The increase in the trend of global warming may bring many countries underwater. For instance, the populous Asian nation of Bangladesh is most vulnerable to rising sea levels. It is estimated that a rise of just one meter in sea level is enough to submerge 30,000 square kilometres of the coastal areas of Bangladesh and displace 15 million people. Therefore, it is crucial to determine the effects of different factors on global warming and take possible actions to reduce the damage. Among various factors, natural fires are believed to be responsible for up to 20% of greenhouse gas production in the world. The source of 80% of fresh water in the United States is believed to be forest lands, which means the effect of natural fires can be disastrous not only for drinking water but also for aquatic habitats. In this paper, we present a survey on the impacts of forest fires on global warming.
Neural network based model for estimating cutting force during machining of Ti6Al4V alloy
Authors: Malagi R. R. , Barreto Rolvin , Chougula S. R.
Published: September 2022

The evolving technology has pushed machine learning techniques to replace human smartness. A machine learning model is capable of learning and replicating like our brain. This approach of data-driven model is implemented to predict the cutting force in machining of Ti6Al4V. Titanium alloys are commonly used in high strength applications due to their excellent properties. These same properties make the machining of the titanium alloy complicated. An attempt has been made for finding the cutting force under minimum quantity lubrication (MQL). MQL is a sustainable manufacturing-based lubrication system. Taguchi’s approach was used to attain a full factorial design for combination of different parameters. Accordingly, a neural network (NN) model was developed which was capable of predicting cutting forces based on the trained model. The proposed model could be implemented to find optimal parameters in shortest duration, thereby eliminating the need for experimental computations.
Review on current status and challenging issues of land subsidence in Iran
Authors: Sadjadi Seyed Jafar
Published: September 2022

Land subsidence in Iran is one of the environmental issues of recent years in Iran, which is mostly due to shortage of the groundwater resources. Iran is considered as the country with the most land subsidence. The amount of land subsidence in Iran is believed to be far more than the average of developed countries. Presently, over 300 plains of Iran are suffering from land subsidence and in some plains of Iran, the conditions have passed the subsidence and the ground has entered the critical stage of creating sinkholes. This paper presents an overview of the current status and challenging issues of land subsidence in Iran.
A Review on Prophylactic Regimen by Evaluation of Asymptomatic SARS CoV-II Carriers
Authors: P. Dhruv Ashwini , K. Patel Nilesh , B. Patel Ashok , Kumar J. Vyas Amit , I. Patel Ajay
Published: September 2022

The coronavirus disease 19(COVID-19) is a highly transmittable and pathogenic viral infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-II), which emerged in Wuhan, China and spread around the world. It is considered a relative of Severe Acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), The cause of COVID-19 is a beta coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2 that affects the lower respiratory tract and manifests as pneumonia in humans. The Asymptomatic carriers have become the current focus of global epidemic prevention and control efforts. These carriers of the virus display no clinical symptoms but are known to be contagious. As "silent spreaders", asymptomatic carriers warrant attention as a part of disease prevention and control. The comparable viral load in a group of asymptomatic carriers of COVID-19 was found to be higher than that of the symptomatic carriers. There are numerous micronutrients which are essential for immunocompetence, particularly Vitamin A, C, D, E, B, iron, selenium, and zinc. Immunonutrition refers to the modulation of the immune system through the modification of dietary nutrients. Vitamins A to E highlighted potentially beneficial roles in the fight against COVID-19 via antioxidant effects, immunomodulation, enhancing natural barriers, and local paracrine signaling. The present review provides a brief information on supplementation of Immunonutrients in form of vitamins which ultimately can act as prophylactic regimen for Asymptomatic carriers of SARS CoV-II virus.
An Overview on Mini Tablets
Authors: Kodag Shubhangi , Gaikwad Swaranjali , Mali Sunayana , Mali Audumbar
Published: September 2022

Mini Tablets are solid dosage forms with a diameter <= 3 mm and separated into subunits of conventional tablets. Production methods are similar to standard tablets, but the only difference is the use of multiple punches. They have advantageous for use in patients suffering from swallowing difficulty and receiving multiple drug treatment. They provide a more effective treatment by reducing the fluctuation in the drug’s release profile. At the same time, different release systems can be used together. In addition, Mini Tablets have a number of advantages over single unit dosage forms, and in recent years the prominence continues to increase. In the light of this information, the advantages and disadvantages of mini tablets, production equipment, formulation designs, different emission characteristics and evaluation criteria are emphasized in this compilation. Mini tablets represent a new trend in solid dosage form design, with the main goal of overcoming some therapeutic obstacles. Mini tablets are multiple unit dosage forms and are advantageous than pellets or any other oral dosage forms as they are easy to manufacture and stability problems are less.
Cecal Perforation: Gastrointestinal Menifestation of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Ishaq Aliya , Khan Muhammad Jamshaid Husain , Juma Farah Ibrahim Bakhit , Itu Lizica , Naureen Sameera , Kunal Nisha , Aminabdellatif Yasir , Awa Arfan Al , Abdulaziz Zaid
Published: September 2022

Background: Hematological malignancies present with gastrointestinal manifestations in the form of typhlitis, colitis and bowel perforation. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment of these entities is essential because they are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Case report: We present a case report of a young female patient who was diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and while being on induction chemotherapy started having fever, pneumonia, positive blood culture and was started for that on broad spectrum antibiotics after which she developed abdominal pain and loose motion and was found to have clostridial difficile a toxin positive in blood. Surgical consult was taken for non-settling abdominal pain. It was a challenging diagnosis as patient was having loose motion with positive clostridial difficile further more ct scan abdomen done with contrast showed only bowel thickening which was in favor of colitis along with ascites. She was initially managed conservatively and ascitic diagnostic tap also was done which showed serous fluid. However, her persistent abdominal pain which was not settling led her to go another ct scan abdomen after 3 days of initial ct scan and showed specks of free air around cecum based on which she was taken to operation theatre and was found to have big cecal perforation with fecal peritonitis, she ended up having right hemicolectomy and ileo transverse stoma formation. She had prolonged Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay but eventually recovered fully and was shifted to general ward where after wound healing was taken over by hematology department for continuation of her chemotherapy. Final histopathology of right hemicolectomy specimen showed focal marked mucosal ulcerations/erosions with patchy submucosal neutrophilic abscesses with fibrinosuppurative necrosis, and marked serositis with dense acute (fibrinopurulent) inflammation, all bowel layers mucosa, sub mucosa, muscularis and serosa showed neutrophilic infiltrates, there was no evidence of pseudomembranous colitis, granuloma or malignancy. Conclusion: Patients on chemotherapy for hematological malignancies are neutropenic and are at high risk of bowel ischemia and perforation emanating to there primary disease, immunocompromised status and direct and indirect side effects of chemotherapeutic agents. A high index of suspicion is needed to diagnose these cases accurately and treat accordingly to prevent mortality.
Global English: Neither a “Hydra” nor a “Tyrannosaurus Rex” or a “Red Herring” but an Ecology of Approaches Towards Social Justice
Authors: Finardi Kyria Rebeca
Published: September 2022

The aim of this paper is to reflect about the possibility of viewing Global English as an arena to use an ecology of approaches towards social justice. The discussion afforded here problematizes approaches that are purely recognition oriented, such as decolonial perspectives based on race, while also questioning the use of redistribution approaches based on class only and that do not consider critical perspectives. Drawing on the work of decolonial authors mainly from Latin America, four vignettes from the author’s experience are brought to illustrate the discussion. The argument advanced in the paper is that an ecology of approaches is needed to tackle recognition issues involved in language use but if the aim is to address redistribution, that is, social justice, language researchers have to incorporate new questions and perhaps approaches engaging to a much greater extent with the underlying causes of social injustice that correlates with the spread of English.
Research on Countermeasures of Improving Postgraduate Training Quality in Post-Epidemic Period in China
Authors: Gao Xin
Published: September 2022

Postgraduate education in China is at an essential stage of transformation from a big country to a powerful nation. Improving the quality of training is an inevitable choice to serve the strategic adjustment of the country, to cope with the changes of international competition and the law of things’ development. The epidemic’s impact has caused a more complicated external environment, which has a long-term effect on graduate education, which means that the improvement of graduate training quality in the post-epidemic period will have more practical significance. In the post-epidemic period, the “new normal” of postgraduate training will accelerate reconstruction. However, at present, problems such as insufficient international influence, involution, structural imbalance, and imperfect training mechanism of postgraduate education in China may restrict the improvement of training quality in the post-epidemic period. This paper suggests that the country, schools, graduate students, and teachers should take multiple measures to improve the quality of postgraduate training and help China’s high-quality development and reshape the international pattern.
Pharmacologic Enhancement of Rotator Cuff Repair: A Narrative Review
Authors: Vaysman Maksim , Alben Matthew , Todd Matthew , Ruotolo Charles
Published: September 2022

Introduction

As rotator cuff repairs (RCRs) are among the most common procedures in upper extremity orthopedics, healing augmentation using pharmacologic enhancement of the repaired rotator cuff muscle is of particular interest.

Objective

The purpose of this study is to review the current understanding of Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs), Doxycycline, Testosterone, Estrogen, Growth hormone/ IGF-1, Vitamin D, and Vitamin C as a means to mitigate deleterious effects and propagate factors that support healing following RCR.

Methods

A review of English language articles in PubMed and Medline was conducted in December of 2020. All articles describing the current understanding of the aforementioned therapies were reviewed. Studies were excluded if they were non-English or reported incomplete results.

Results

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP’s) are fundamental to the healing process after rotator cuff tears through a delicate balance of various proteases that can be modulated by doxycycline through inhibition. While testosterone has shown to induce replication and differentiation of the tendon stem-cells, estrogen agonists have been shown to decrease inflammation and muscle atrophy. Though growth hormone being associated with elevated collagen synthesis and decreased anoxic damage when present, clinical studies have shown inconclusive and adverse effects on rotator cuff healing. Patients with Vitamin D deficiency have shown to have increased fatty infiltration in rotator cuff muscle while Vitamin C functions as an antioxidant that increases collagen and fibroblast proliferation.

Conclusion

As manipulation of pharmacologic factors shows potential for enhancing healing following RCRs, future studies are needed to establish a viable augmentation strategy to improve patient outcomes
Pain Management and Telemedicine: A Look at the COVID Experience and Beyond
Authors: Hasoon Jamal , Urits Ivan , Viswanath Omar , Kaye Alan D.
Published: September 2022

COVID-19 caused a drastic change in clinical medicine around the globe. In the United States, telemedicine was rapidly adopted on a wide scale to minimize direct patient interaction and to reduce the spread of the COVID-19 virus. Telemedicine also went hand in hand with the rapid movement of working remotely. This has provided several challenges to chronic pain management clinics along with other subspecialties. Telemedicine has also opened opportunities for providing valuable care for patients with significant barriers to healthcare professionals. Given the benefits and downfalls of telemedicine, it is ultimately up to the provider who has an established patient-physician relationship and best understands the patient’s limitations and healthcare needs who can best determine which patient population telemedicine is appropriate for and how frequently it can be utilized for each individual patient.
Efecto de Dióxido de Cloro (gas) un método alternativo para tratar dermatitis micóticas en caninos
Authors: Aucay-Calle Jorge Fabián , Rubio-Arias Pablo
Published: September 2022

En la clínica veterinaria, los problemas de piel son la principal causa de la visita del paciente, en virtud que este órgano es un indicador de muchas afecciones locales o sistémicas. Dentro de las patologías presentes en la piel, se debe destacar a la dermatitis como la más común y es el resultado de muchos factores: infecciosos, metabólicos, anaeróbicos, alérgicos, atópicos, congénitos o incluso propios del medio ambiente o hábitat del animal. Las patologías más frecuentes son las infecciosas, entre ellas las micóticas, que se caracterizan por avanzar rápidamente, llegando a amenazar la vida del animal cuando no son tratadas de manera eficaz y a tiempo, de allí que se propusiera como objetivo de esta investigación, la de evaluar el uso de dióxido de cloro (ClO2) en gas, como tratamiento de dermatitis fúngicas en perros. Se seleccionaron 10 pacientes que asistieron a la consulta y que presentaban lesiones en piel, en la parte distal de las extremidades, que permitiera luego su introducción en una funda plástica, en donde entraría en contacto con el gas. Adicionalmente al tratamiento con el gas, se realizaron análisis hematológicos y bioquímicos pre y post-ensayo, para evaluar el estado de salud de los pacientes. Los resultados muestran que, solo en 3 de los 10 caninos sometidos al tratamiento con la forma gaseosa del dióxido de cloro (CDS) se mostraron signos de recesión de la micosis. Una recuperación que se aprecia de gran interes, más aún cuando se confirmó la ausencia del germen micótico que lo afectaba. A pesar de que solo un 30 % de los pacientes respondieron al tratamiento, CDS es un método potencial de terapia alternativa, sobre todo, en casos donde la resistencia medicamentosa se hace presente.
Detección de Helicobacter pylori mediante la técnica micro ELISA en muestras fecales en perros (Canis lupus familiaris)
Authors: Montaño-Gualán Yessenia Maricela , Campos-Murillo Nathalie del Consuelo , Castillo-Hidalgo Edy Paul
Published: September 2022

Helicobacteriosis es una enfermedad causada por Helycobacter pylori, que se caracteriza por producir inflamación de la mucosa gástrica, provocando gastritis, úlcera péptica o incluso cáncer gástrico. Como reservorio natural del H. pylori ha sido considerado el hombre, no obstante, diversos estudios han confirmado la presencia de bacterias espirales en perros y gatos. Dada la estrecha relación que existe entre mascotas y seres humanos, algunos investigadores apuestan a la posible transmisión zoonótica entre ellos. Para diagnosticar la presencia de H. pylori actualmente hay pruebas de inmunoensayos enzimáticos, no invasivos, prácticos, cómodos y de fácil aplicación. Debido a esta particularidad se realizó la presente investigación, cuyo objetivo fue el diagnóstico de la presencia de antígenos de H. pylori en heces fecales de perros que asistieron a consulta Veterinaria en la ciudad de Cuenca, Ecuador, mediante la técnica de micro ELISA. El análisis estadístico contempló pruebas estadísticas descriptivas y ji-cuadrado; se estudiaron algunos factores predisponentes que se midieron en la consulta veterinaria, tales como el sexo, la edad, tipo de alimentación, compañía de otro animal y el hábitat. Los resultados obtenidos indican que de los 92 pacientes evaluados solo 11 (12 %) de ellos resultaron positivos a la EIA Test Kit®. Estos hallazgos confirman que el H. pylori está ampliamente distribuido en perros. Entre los factores predisponentes estudiados, a excepción de la compañía entre perros y gatos, los demás factores analizados en esta investigación no afectaron la prevalencia de la enfermedad. El sexo aproximó diferencia al 6 %, destacando que la helicobacteriosis es más frecuente en hembras que en machos. Para concluir se confirma la existencia de H. pylori en perros, convirtiéndole por lo tanto en un posible ente de difusión de este germen en la población.
Comparación de la aplicación sistémica vs. local de Bleomicina en perros sometidos a electroquimioterapia
Authors: Salazar-Acuña Edison Gustavo , Castillo-Hidalgo Edy , Moran-Obando Wiliam
Published: September 2022

El objetivo del presente estudio fue comparar el efecto de la electroquimioterapia (EQT) más bleomicina local y sistémica, en perros con neoplasias de diferentes orígenes celulares, los cuales fueron atendidos en la Clínica Veterinaria “La Primavera” de la ciudad de Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador, para lo cual se contó con 10 pacientes caninos (Canis lupus familiaris). El diagnostico se realizó mediante histopatología y citología, el cálculo volumétrico del tumor se obtuvo mediante la fórmula para calcular el volumen tumoral [(a×b×c×(π/6)]. El tratamiento se basó en la administración de bleomicina 15 unidades internacionales por metro cuadrado (UI·m2) de superficie corporal, vía sistémica, e infiltración intratumoral de bleomicina a la dosis de 0,25 UI por centimetro cúbico (UI·cm3) de superficie tumoral, considerando la alta selectividad de la bleomicina por las células epiteliales y las características de vascularización tumoral, de forma posterior se aplicaron pulsos eléctricos con una intensidad de 1.000 voltios por centimetro cuadrado (V·cm2), utilizando diferentes tipos de electrodos. Veintiocho días (d) posteriores a la aplicación de la terapia se logró reducir en un 50 % las masas tumorales, logrando una respuesta objetiva al tratamiento aplicado.
Evaluación de dos diluyentes en la congelación de espermatozoides epididimarios de perros (Alcohol poli vinílico y Yema de huevo)
Authors: López-Zhindón Noelia , Dumas Mauricio , Samaniego Xavier , Galarza Diego , Argudo-Garzón Daniel
Published: September 2022

La yema de huevo (YH) es un componente común de los diluyentes de semen por su eficacia para proteger la membrana de los espermatozoides del choque de frío durante la criopreservación y además de ser rica en proteínas, vitaminas, antioxidantes y fosfolípidos. No obstante, la YH es un componente no definido y al mismo tiempo peligroso por el riego de transmisión de agentes patógenos, por esta razón, es necesario evaluar el uso de otros componentes que disminuyan este problema; una alternativa poco estudiada es alcohol poli vinílico (APV). Por lo que en esta investigación se evaluó el efecto del APV y la YH suplementados al diluyente TCG (tris, ácido cítrico, glucosa) sobre la criosupervivencia de espermatozoides epididimarios (EE) de perro. Para ello, se recuperaron EE mediante la técnica de flujo retrógrado en 15 perros adultos orquiectomizados para conformar cinco agrupaciones (4-6 muestras epididimarias / agrupación). Cada muestra agrupada se dividió en dos alícuotas, que posteriormente fueron diluidas y congeladas usando dos aditivos suplementados al diluyente TCG: APV al 1 % (peso/volumen –p/v– [TCG–APV] y yema de huevo al 20 % (volumen/volumen –v/v– [TCG–YH]. Posterior a la descongelación, se analizaron las anormalidades morfológicas, la vitalidad (eosina / nigrosina), la integridad de membrana plasmática (ioduro de propido), y las variables cinemáticas (sistema CASA, SCA-2018®). Los resultados demostraron que la vitalidad e integridad de la membrana plasmática fueron superiores (P<0,05) en muestras congeladas con TCG–YH, en comparación con aquellas muestras congeladas con TCG–APV. Asimismo, las muestras congeladas con TCG–YH obtuvieron valores post-descongelación más altos (P<0,05) de variable cinemáticas como la motilidad total y progresiva, velocidades promedio y rectilínea, índice de rectitud y frecuencia de batida de flagelo, en comparación con las muestras congeladas con TCG–APV. En conclusión, la adición YH al medio TCG fue efectiva en la congelación de EE de perro, ya que mejoró la vitalidad, integridad de membrana plasmática y la cinética espermática; sin embargo, la adición de 1 % de APV no mejoró la respuesta a la criopreservación.
Caso clínico: Paciente cardiaco restrictivo por linfoma pericárdico
Authors: Brocell-Villao Sebastián , Zúñiga-Cobos Estefanía
Published: September 2022

Paciente canino (Canis lupus familiaris) hembra esterilizada, de raza mestiza, de 8 años de edad, que fue atendido en el centro integral veterinario de la ciudad de Guayaquil, Ecuador, el primero de noviembre del año 2021 refiere cuadro clínico caracterizado por astenia, anorexia, temperatura evaluada en 39,5°C y disnea a medianos esfuerzos. Al examen físico se apreció mal estado general, decaída, piel pálida y seca, ruidos cardíacos hipofonéticos, abdomen distendido con signo de baloneo positivo. En la consulta se realizó un A-Fast (Focussed assessment with sonography in trauma) en el que se observó líquido libre en los 4 cuadrantes, al realizar una exploración ecográfica T-Fast (Thoraic Focussed assessment with sonography in trauma), se evidenció efusión pericárdica. En una consulta posterior, durante la pericardiocentesis a cargo del cardiólogo, quien extrajo 40 mililitros (mL) cuyo contenido fue analizado mediante citología, mostrando células monomórficas linfoblásticas con mitosis aberrantes que sugerían el diagnóstico de linfoma. En la ecocardiografía se halló una masa a nivel de la base del corazón (pared pericárdica visceral en contacto directo con el miocardio), la cual fue removida mediante cirugía y se envió muestra al laboratorio de patología, cuyo informe diagnóstico fue compatible con linfoma difuso de células intermedias grado II.
Detección de anticuerpos del SARS–CoV–2 en perros en contacto con humanos positivos COVID–19
Authors: Chiliquinga-Quinchiguano Roberto Danilo , Campos-Murillo Nathalie , Castillo-Hidalgo Edy
Published: September 2022

El objetivo del presente estudio fue detectar la presencia de anticuerpos IgG e IgM para el SARS-CoV-2 en mascotas que tuvieron contacto con humanos positivos a COVID–19 de la parroquia de Alangasí, perteneciente a la ciudad de Quito, Ecuador, durante el primer semestre 2022. Para ello se estudiaron 40 perros de distintas edades y sexo, que llegaron a consulta al centro veterinario RoChi-Vet, a los cuales se les realizó la respectiva historia clínica. Para el estudio de las Inmunoglobulinas y otros analitos hepáticos (TGP y TGO) se obtuvieron muestras sanguíneas mediante punción de la vena cefálica y llevadas en tubos con EDTA, las cuales fueron enviadas a laboratorios SERVILAB para determinar la presencia de Inmunoglobulinas (Ig), mediante el método de inmunofluorescencia, adicionalmente se determinó la integridad del hígado a través de un espectrofotómetro. Los datos obtenidos de Ig, TGP y TGO fueron cotejados con la historia clínica del paciente, y se analizó mediante estadística descriptiva, ji-cuadrado y correlación, los posibles efectos entre las variables estudiadas, mediante el paquete estadístico SAS. Los resultados obtenidos arrojaron que, de los valores de anticuerpos IgG e IgM, al menos 2 de los sueros dieron positivos para SARS–CoV–2, para una prevalencia en este estudio de 5 %; y adicionalmente los valores de TGP y TGO no fueron indicativo de alguna patología para la integridad del hígado, aunque se encontró 1 individuo con un valor ligeramente alto TGP y 4 con valores ligeramente inferiores a los normales para la misma transaminasa. El ANAVA indicó la ausencia de efecto (P>0,05) de la edad ni el sexo sobre la probabilidad de padecer o no el SARS–CoV–2; al igual de la no existencia de correlación entre los valores de Ig y las transaminasas evaluadas. Para finalizar se puede indicar, que a pesar de que se cuenta con herramientas sensibles para el diagnóstico del SARS–CoV–2 en perros, no hay evidencia que exista la probabilidad de transmisión y contagio desde el ser humano (propietario) a sus mascotas, y mucho menos de manera de contagio zoonótico inverso.
Writing for Freedom: Exile, Marginalisation and Oppositional Militancy in Reinaldo Arenas’s Before Night Falls
Authors: Sambuddha Ghosh
Published: September 2022

This paper tries to investigate the genre of the exilic autobiographical memoir as a form of liminal writing that inhabits in the interstices between the ‘real’ and the ‘fictive’. It offers a reading of Reinaldo Arenas’s autobiographical memoir Before Night Falls, written from exile in New York during the late 1980s and early 1990s, which offers a form of sustained literary resistance to the systematic discrimination against, and marginalisation of the homosexual in post-revolutionary Cuba of the Castro-regime. The paper argues that Arenas’s autobiographical memoir becomes one of the principal texts through which he advances his oppositional militancy to Cuban machismo, a patriarchal and gendered code of behaviour co-opted by the Revolution. It concludes by positing Arenas’s project as a counter-hegemonic and resistant one, which adapts certain features of the testimonio (testimonial narrative) to lay bare the state-sanctioned ostracism and penal measures adopted against the homosexual individual.
A Study of “Shared Teaching” and “Video Conferencing in Classrooms” as Techniques for Improving English Literature Learning Experience
Authors: Dr. Mustafa A.M. Zaid  , Dr. Sudeshna Chakravorty
Published: September 2022

Globalisation and the emergence of internet in all fields of human affairs have brought unprecedented changes in higher academics. Physical and political boundaries are now hardly any barrier in restricting access to knowledge or information. Learning is a social process, and it typically tries to enhance an individual’s knowledge and understanding through solo activities, as well as group and peer interaction. Thus, one of the key learning skills is that of communication. Through collaboration, learning becomes more effective. And for such collaborative learning, effective communication tools and channels are necessary pre-requisites. And in today’s world, the exponential importance of English as the most effective means of communication between people of different cultures and countries, cannot be denied. Internationalism in higher education has become the latest concern for universities across the world. And for the teaching and learning of English (both the language skill and its literature), this internationalism can only be an added advantage. Tools of ICT are often considered relevant only for facilitating the teaching and learning of science subjects. Technology is an important aspect of modern life. Science and technology contribute to human well-being in perceptible ways and thus our society likes investing in science and technology because they provide us with provisions for life. Literature provides us with visions, ideas and understanding that we can apply to our lives. However, literature does not bring about any quantitative change. Its impact is intangible and incalculable in terms of quantity. Humanities or literary discourse brings out qualitative changes that remain countless. A good poem or novel may not be able to provide material comforts, but they can inspire, motivate, heal and change the readers. Revolutions have been brought about because of the power of literature. Thus, the importance of studying literature will always be relevant for human beings. What needs to be kept in mind today, however, is that science and technology and humanities are complementary and scientific innovations like video conferencing and shared teaching, when used in Literature classrooms, only serve to increase the understanding of the prescribed texts for the students. This paper proposes to study two such innovative techniques of teaching English literature in Palestinian HEIs—shared teaching (where two teachers, one local and one preferably English share classes within the classroom) and video conference classes (where students can listen to teachers in distant locations, even overseas; and have exposure to other cultures and modes of teaching). The aim of this study is to see how these innovations improve the learning experience of Palestinian students opting to study English Literature in their B.A. courses. The analytical method will mostly be applied for completing this study.
Heed to Lead: A Key to Listening Skill
Authors: Dr. S. Vanitha
Published: September 2022

Abstract Listening is considered as an important part of communication skills. The listeners have to listen acutely to enhance their skills. When listening is done consciously the communication bond improves better among the communicators. In order to understand any language, one has to eavesdrop keenly. At first, when we came into the world we started listening and naturally developed our mother tongue. Likewise, to maintain good bond among our fellow human beings we have to lend our ears to their emotions. Stop incessant listening to electronic gadgets and social media and give importance to the conscious feelings of our people. Listening skills fabricates the rapport and encourages understanding of the fellow human beings by feelings and their point of views. When one regularly follows active listening, he/she can add information and kindle new ideas and solve problems. Altogether it helps to progress communication and provides solution to overcome obstacles in bonding language and life.
The Accord of Discord: Reflections on Private Lives in Peter Shaffer’s Five Finger Exercise
Authors: Dr. Vineet Maxwell David
Published: September 2022

Peter Shaffer holds a place of pivotal importance in Modern British Drama. The variety and complexities of life that Shaffer presents through his works, give us a good idea that he is a playwright who intends to further the representative nature of theatre as an agency of influence. The acute fidelity with which he perceives and deliberates upon life narratives remains a preserve in which the playwright influences his proficient talent to good use. He works upon aspects of human situations with a deep sense of purpose and understanding which bespeak of his merit as a playwright. Five Finger Exercise is a play by Peter Shaffer that stands as an important work in the formative years of his career as a playwright and contributes a notable standing to his oeuvre as a writer in the making. Paralleled in the reputation of the drama of the fifties with Look Back in Anger as a profound dramatic work, it is Peter Shaffer’s Five Finger Exercise that holds its ground as a work of incredible consequence about complexities of human ordeals. The ‘family’ and its private frontier remains a compelling subject for drama and it also seeks our renewed enquiry, one that is exemplified in the action of the play, Five Finger Exercise. The paper instils a vital seeking through an academic deliberation, accentuating a vigorous argument as to why it needs to recognised as an important work in English theatre history. It is the domain of the Harringtons’ family and their trials and turmoils that puts into question a consequential deliberation on beneath the surface reality of the family/domestic space. The paper also serves to explore the psychological and emotional dimensions of human behaviour and its treatment as part of the narrative which seeks to highlight Peter Shaffer’s perspicuity and his acumen as a writer.
Narrating History in Julian Barnes’s A History of the World in 10 ½ Chapters
Authors: Dr. Pradip Kumar Yadav
Published: September 2022

History, though it can be revived, rewritten and altered, always functions as a source of inspiriation and encouragement for the upcoming generations. Although it is prone to be distorted, contrived and re-interpreted by the following generations yet it constantly serves as a guiding light for future generations leading them in right direction without committing the mistakes which the human forefathers had mistakenly committed. History, an umbrella term, incorporates all the facets of traditions, myths and the past of a particular nation or many nations. Intermingling all these elements Julian Barnes’s chapter ‘Parenthesis’ in A History of the World in 10 ½ Chapters is embellished with various literary techniques  as narrating English history, tradition, myth and the past through postmodern narrative strategies. The novel shares many concepts and trends with postmodern skills of writing fiction. Incorporating  all the above elements A History of the World in 10 ½ Chapters rigidly confirms to the trend of postmodern fiction. This paper critically evaluates the half chapter entitled ‘Parenthesis’ from Barnes’s novel, A History of the World in 10 ½ Chapters.
Painful Landloss and Homeless Existence in Select Indigenous Novels
Authors: T. David Jeyaraj Franklin
Published: September 2022

Indigenous communities around the world have suffered in countless ways at the hands of the settler colonists and the mainstream communities. One of the major issues faced by these communities is loss of traditional lands. The natives were not only deprived of their access to their traditional lands but were also forcibly removed from there and later deprived of their rightful claim over these land parcels. The native understanding of land as a non-commodity that could never be bartered or traded contrasted directly with the European sense of land as a tradable commodity. The rate at which indigenous communities lost their lands is startling, especially in the first few decades of the twentieth century. Literary representations are one of the many ways the people tried to keep their memories of the lands intact for successive generations and the reading public. The present paper is an attempt to understand the painful reality of landloss as represented in four indigenous novels taken from different corners of the world.
Actualizing the Traits of Romanticism in the Poetic Expressions of John Keats
Authors: Dr. Rituraj Trivedi
Published: September 2022

In many ways, John Keats is the most romantic poet ever. Unlike classical poetry, which seeks to portray social experience, romantic poetry focuses on the total expression of the person. Various romantic poets include political or social commentary in their works. But Keats’ poetry is not a means of conveying any prophecy or message. His poetry is for the sake of poetry. There is no moral, political, or social significance to it. Thus, it is the truest poetry. According to Peter, “the addition of strangeness of beauty” is what gives literature its romantic element. Keats is most romantic in his straightforward quest for beauty, in everything else less so. Deity is beauty, and the truth is beauty in his eyes. His faith is beauty; thus, he will always find joy in things of beauty. He fully loses himself and his surroundings in his search for beauty. Romantic poetry describes the world of dreams rather than reality. In a realm of romance and beauty, the romantic poet looks for an escape from the harsh truths of reality. Insofar as he is the most escapist of all the poets, Keats is the most romantic. In his “Ode to a Nightingale”, the poet contrasts his own misery with the delight of the bird. The defining quality of Romantic poets is sensuality. Keats is primarily a sensualist poet.
Painting in Poetry and Poetry in Painting: Aesthetic Reflections in D.G. Rossetti
Authors: Dr. Dharmendra Kumar Singh
Published: September 2022

Bright eyed and bushy-tailed poems and paintings are very rare, so are their past masters who create them. The history of the world literature is often brimming with such rare authors as are the unparalleled amalgamator of paintings and writings. In this field, the names, which are counted highly with boundless esteem, are of William Blake, Lewis Carroll, Hans Christian Andersen, Elizabeth Bishop, Leo Tolstoy, Lorraine Hansberry, Victor Hugo, Sylvia Plath, George Sand, Jack Kerouac, Herman Hesse, Gunter Grass, Charles Bukowski, Henry Miller, William S. Burroughs, E.E. Cummings, Tennessee Williams, Carlo Levi, J.B. Priestley, and R.N. Tagore. Undisputedly, D.G. Rossetti is one such figure. When the world literature is deconstructed, two clusters of the authors appear on the literary landscape. The first cluster consists of those authors who are painters and writers as well. The painters who have painted the literary pieces of the authors fall into the second cluster. D.G. Rossetti somewhere stands in- between. He is painter (especially illustrator) as well author-poet. But the flabbergasting certitude is that his elite poetry is found in his pieces of mural, and his elite mural in his pieces of poesy. His all creations, be they paintings, or poems, fall in three categories. In the first faction fall such pieces of his poems as are only poems—without any illustration, in the second faction fall such pieces of his paintings as are without poems, while in the third faction fall such pieces of his paintings as are with poems, or with mythical illustrations, or on certain literary pieces. Nothing to say about these groups, but one thing is clear that all of them possess aesthetic reflections. Keeping this very fact in mind, the present article aims at exploring, analyzing, and presenting the three-dimensional view in Rossetti painting and poetry with the help of the textual analysis, visual methods, and descriptive and explorative approach.
Revisiting the Elements of Postmodernism in Salman Rushdie’s Shame
Authors: Dr. Anil Patil
Published: September 2022

Postmodern literature is thought to be typically anti-traditional and anti-foundationalist. It can be said that the major body of postmodern literature is thought to have started from the 1950s onwards. The major postmodern literary features are metafiction, self-reflexivity, intertextuality, writerly text, hybridity, magical realism, foreshadowing, irony, parody, anti-novel, anti-hero, fabulation, surfiction, hyperreality, use of language games etc. The prominent themes in postmodern literature are such as crisis of identity, cultural hybridity, experiences of migrants and their feeling of alienation, the general feeling of rootlessness. Postmodern fiction also emphasizes the disbelief in God as well as the disbelief in the conventional notions of the unified or coherent individual. Salman Rushdie has been studied and researched as a postcolonial writer as there are obvious postcolonial themes in his novels. But we can also study him as a postmodern writer. The paper makes an attempt to discuss the postmodern literary concept of meaningless of life as prevalent in Rushdie’s Shame and to put forth Rushdie as a postmodern writer.
Samuel Beckett’s Iconoclastic Deviation in the Implications of Language
Authors: Dr. Ashish Kumar Gupta
Published: September 2022

The goal of this research is to look into the effects of the language used in the study of silences and inexpressibility in the theatre of absurd plays especially in the oeuvre of Samuel Beckett. Consideration will be given to various aspects and qualities of this kind of drama, including things like silence, pause, repetitions, the lack of a narrative or plot, the lack of recognisable or definable decor, the unorthodox nature of the dialogue, and the focus on global and universal issues rather than current problems. There was a global sense of meaninglessness and nothingness as a result of the changing state of the world, particularly as a result of the destructive effects of the Second World War. This brought about a sense of despair and disenchantment with the values that were traditionally upheld.
Dramaturgy: Exploring the Elements of Shakespearean Tragedy with the Perspectives of R. Srinivasa Iyengar
Authors: Dr. Hitendra Nath Chaubey
Published: September 2022

R. Srinivasa Iyengar has presented his views on William Shakespeare’s art of dramaturgy in his noteworthy work; Shakespeare: His World and His Art. It was published in 1964 and was received enthusiastically by lovers of literature. The work has finally been divided by Iyengar into fifteen chapters. The purpose of present study is to discuss Iyengar’s view on Shakespeare’s tragedy in detail. His love for the Shakespeare’s artistic sense was cherished by his mother who was fond of literature specially of Shakespeare. He received a book Tales and Travels by Hugh Laurence as second prize when he was in fourth class (1916-1917). It was signed by the principal, K.C. Viraraghava Iyer and the family has still preserved it. Iyengar loved great literature and so, generally speaking there were no favorites as such in his literary world. But two names were very close to heart: William Shakespeare and Sri Aurobindo. His first encounter with Shakespeare was through reading Charles and Mary Lamb’s Tales from Shakespeare in1922. The impact of this first encounter with Shakespeare lasted through his life time. Such was his phenomenal memory that long after he gave up reading due to loss of vision, just a year prior to his passing away, he could name the character, act and scene from all the plays of Shakespeare when just a single line from any of the plays represented in The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations (1941) was read out to him. He loved teaching Shakespeare’s plays and had acquired an enormous amount of matter on the subject. It was natural that the approaching quarter centenary of the Bard of Avon galvanized him into action.
The Existential Predicament: Finding Meaning in a Meaningless World
Authors: Mr. Amirul Haque  , Dr. Aiman Reyaz
Published: September 2022

One of the key issues of Existentialism is taking complete responsibility of one’s life and one’s actions and making no excuses. It might be conceived of as a movement and not a sensibility. One can think of it in many different ways but the literature that has come out in the years when Existentialism first became popular just after the Second World War and ever since, it often has the connotation of being a particularly gloomy philosophy – one that is obsessed with the notions of anxiety and dread. However, the important thing to consider is that the researchers find Existentialism a very invigorating and positive minded philosophy. The purpose of this paper is to highlight all the major aspects of the philosophical outlook and especially the importance of human determination in making constructive changes in life.
Depiction of Plight and Subjugation of Dalit Women in Baby Kamble’s Prisons We Broke
Authors: Dr. Aarti Vishwakarma
Published: September 2022

Baby Kamble reflects on the subjugation and plight of Dalit women in her autobiography The Prisons We Broke. Kamble, while depicting her experiences of caste discrimination, also attempts to show how the women of the entire Mahar community face similar discrimination and, therefore, this autobiography is regarded as the testimony of the entire Mahar community. On the one hand, it talks about how Dalit women fall victim to exploitation and discrimination by the upper caste people; on the other hand, it projects how these women tolerate similar discrimination by the patriarchal norms within their own Mahar community. This autobiography is a Dalit narrative that has been written from a feminist perspective. It offers a realistic insight into the oppressive caste and patriarchal norms of our Indian society. Thus, through this paper, an attempt has been made to bring forth the subjugation of Dalit women as reflected in Baby Kamble’s autobiography The Prisons We Broke.
Financial and Psychosocial Entrapment in Aravind Adiga’s Selection Day
Authors: Saty Dev Prajapati
Published: September 2022

The present paper deals with Aravind Adiga’s fourth novel Selection Day based on extraordinary panorama of cricket game. Financial condition of the poor and bourgeois is responsible for their future planning, decision in studies and the way of life at the same time the struggle of middle and lower-class people ensnare them into psychosocial entrapments. Aravind Adiga’s Selection Day contains financial and psycho-social entrapment of Kumar Family. By the help of cricket game the writer aesthetically webs the themes of unexplored sexuality, unsatisfied desires and all the aspects of the struggle faced in the life of Radha and Manju. Eric Erikson has propounded the stages of psychosocial development, the protagonist of this novel endeavors to uplift his life therefore he passes throw these stages. His theory is adhered to Sigmund Freud’s theory of Psychoanalysis. Money minded father and psychologically traumatized sons are working day and night for golden future in the vast area of corrupt capitalist immoral society therefore this novel is a harsh criticism of money possessiveness of games and people’s different point of view regarding national glory.