bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Delimitação de unidades espaciais mínimas: uso do fluxo pendular de trabalho como primeiro passo para representação da rede urbana no Brasil
Authors: Galindo Ernesto Pereira
Published: January 2018

A adoção de uma delimitação espacial reflete de forma direta nos resultados da análise espacial. Na representação da rede urbana do Brasil, o desafio é justificar uma forma específica de delimitação que corresponda a um espaço de convívio comum e a partir dele num próximo passo analisar como estes espaços se comportam. O texto objetiva neste contexto apresentar e submeter a críticas e sugestões de estudiosos e especialistas uma proposta de critério de delimitação e seu consequente resultado, tomando como unidades espaciais iniciais a serem agregados os municípios. Não há qualquer pretensão de ser uma alternativa acabada e final, nem tampouco almeja desmerecer os critérios e resultados já existentes nos mais diversos e consagrados estudos de instituições tão reconhecidas como o IBGE, o Observatório das Metrópoles, os institutos de pesquisa estaduais e mesmo o próprio Ipea. O método pretende de forma simplificada utilizar apenas um dado para determinar delimitações que representem unidades espaciais mínimas. O dado utilizado foi o fluxo pendular diário intermunicipal a trabalho. Uma série de justificativas é apresentada no texto para a escolha deste dado em um método que pretende ser simples sem perder a representatividade da integração territorial.
The impact of smart board usage on class management
Authors: Karadag Mehmet , Koc Ahmet , Kalkan Umit
Published: January 2018

Recent technological developments have made access to information easy. Today, countries are giving shape to their educational policies by including information technologies in their education systems. One of the information technologies that are in wide use is smart boards. This research aims to determine the positive and negative impacts of smart board usage on class management. The difficulties teachers experience in class management, skills of teachers in terms of ensuring motivation in the class, their levels of using technologies, abilities to use computer and computer programs, and attitudes towards preparing and benefiting e-content are all taken into consideration. Based on the research findings, we concluded that smart board usage has a positive impact on in-class communication and makes the courses fun and entertaining. The students are said to be more careful and concentrated, and this makes it easier for teachers to manage the classroom while positively affecting time management. Keywords: Teachers, smart board, classroom management, technology, productivity.
Denominação: um percurso de sentidos entre espaços e sujeitos
Authors: Costa Greciely Cristina da
Published: January 2018

Investigamos o funcionamento discursivo da denominação, seu modo intervir na relação entre espaços e sujeitos como se fosse um vetor de significação, pelo qual transitam os sentidos de um para o outro. Analisamos certas relações que se estabelecem entre as denominações: bairro, favela e comunidade, na medida em que se alternam na referência a um mesmo espaço. O gesto de denominar, enunciando um ou outro nome, implica num processo de significação que coloca em cena a não-transparência da linguagem, seus equívocos.
A produção dos sentidos da nacionalidade: um estudo sobre práticas discursivas na Primeira República
Authors: Joanilho André Luiz , Joanilho Mariângela Peccioli Galli
Published: January 2018

Durante a Primeira República (1889-1930), práticas discursivas sobre a identidade nacional apareceram em profusão e podemos encontrá-las em jornais de grande circulação. As ideias sobre nacionalismo podem ser vistas em artigos e outros textos produzidos por educadores, médicos e jornalistas que refletem as ideias raciais geradas pela elite cultural do período. Positivismo, darwinismo social e liberalismo se misturam para formar práticas discursivas sobre o que é nacional e também sobre os indivíduos. O pequeno número de instituições educacionais permitiu a canalização dessas práticas em direção à sociedade, estabelecendo uma espécie de consenso do pensamento intelectual.
Retorno a/de Pêcheux: uma tomada de posição frente à discursividade e ao modo de ler o mundo politicamente
Authors: Rodrigues Eduardo Alves
Published: January 2018

ORLANDI, Eni (Org.). Análise de Discurso: Michel Pêcheux. Campinas, SP: Pontes, 2011. 315p.
A patrimonialização do cotidiano: desafio para as políticas públicas
Authors: Rodrigues Fabíola
Published: January 2018

Esse artigo tenciona discutir as escolhas técnicas e políticas envolvidas no processo de patrimonialização de bens de interesse cultural. Para tanto, o presente texto busca resgatar o processo de alargamento do conceito de patrimônio cultural na política de preservação adotada na cidade de Campinas, salientando o progressivo deslocamento da prática de proteção assentada no registro do patrimônio excepcional para o registro do patrimônio cotidiano.
Proposta de revisão epistemológica da teoria da arquitetura de John Ruskin
Authors: Amaral Claudio Silveira
Published: January 2018

A hipótese desta pesquisa é que o principal assunto tratado por John Ruskin é uma concepção de lógica e de razão que estrutura assuntos tais como, arquitetura, pintura, política econômica, religião e vários outros. Diferente da opinião de alguns historiadores da arquitetura moderna que analisaram a obra ruskiniana sobre arquitetura de forma isolada desvinculada dos demais assuntos, aqui ela será tratada interna a uma lógica e uma razão que estrutura todos estes assuntos. Pretende-se demonstrar que o objetivo de Ruskin não era constituir uma teoria da natureza, da pintura, da política econômica, ou mesmo da arquitetura, mas utilizar a mesma lógica de composição em todos estes temas.
Sentidos do/no corpo interpelado pelo câncer de mama
Authors: Saço Lívia Fabiana , Ferreira Eliana Lúcia
Published: January 2018

A presente pesquisa teve como objeto o discurso de mulheres acometidas pelo câncer de mama e objetivou compreender de que maneira o ser mulher interpelado pelo câncer de mama se significa e/ou é significado corporalmente. Foi desenvolvida através da perspectiva teórica da Análise de Discurso em sua vertente francesa e apresentou seu Corpus constituído por 27 entrevistadas que passaram pela cirurgia da mama para a retirada do tumor. Observamos que as discursividades sobre o corpo expresso pela mulher interpelada pelo câncer de mama mostram um discurso social, evidenciando as marcas dos limites, das ambiguidades e das contradições presentes no desenvolvimento da doença e na feminilidade do ser mulher. A passagem pela doença produz novas formas de significação, novas organizações do dizer, novos processos de identificação, outras modalidades de subjetivação.
Do digital às digitais no Sitio de Memoria (Córdoba, Argentina): (re) interpretações da história política na cidade em movimento
Authors: Araújo Angela de Aguiar , Brasil Luciana Leão
Published: January 2018

Para esta análise, são destacadas as “huellas” (representações gráficas de digitais presentes na fachada do museu Sitio de Memoria, em Córdoba, Argentina) que relembram pessoas desaparecidas durante os governos militares, no século XX. Mostrando para os pedestres fatos da história política da cidade, essas intervenções têm efeitos na narrativa urbana fazendo irromper o “corpo significante” da “cidade em movimento” em suas relações com os processos de identificação do sujeito urbano (ORLANDI, 2004).
O “progresso” e a significação da sociedade em alguns dos primeiros dicionários monolíngues brasileiros
Authors: Oliveira Rosimar Regina de
Published: January 2018

Neste estudo analisamos a palavra progresso e suas cognatas em três dicionários brasileiros publicados por volta de 1938 a 1967. Fundamentamo-nos em dois lugares de reflexão, a História das Ideias Linguísticas e a Semântica do Acontecimento e buscamos compreender a designação dessas palavras observando seus sentidos no acontecimento enunciativo, ao serem determinadas pelas predicações, nas definições lexicográficas, no movimento entre a paráfrase e polissemia.
Nomes de estados brasileiros em ruas e avenidas de Pontes e Lacerda: sentidos de urbanização do/no extremo oeste brasileiro
Authors: Deus Divino Alex Rocha de
Published: January 2018

Este texto busca analisar um conjunto de nomes do centro da cidade de Pontes e Lacerda – MT, cidade de faixa de fronteira Brasil/Bolívia e procura compreender como estes nomes significam uma história de urbanização. A partir de Guimarães (2005), os nomes e seu funcionamento semântico-enunciativo são pensados pela relação de enunciações. Nessa conjuntura, o conjunto de nomes tomado para análise passa a ser compreendido pelas relações enunciativas que circunscreve o processo sócio-histórico de ocupação e urbanização da cidade. Pela história de enunciações e pelo modo em que se dá a nomeação enquanto acontecimento de linguagem percebe-se a constituição de um pertencimento à territorialidade e à nacionalidade brasileira significado como memorável nos nomes de ruas e avenidas da cidade do extremo oeste do Brasil.
Subjetividade e discurso: a representação da língua (indígena e portuguesa) para professores Terena
Authors: Porto Alessandra Manoel , Guerra Vânia Maria Lescano
Published: January 2018

Este trabalho propõe analisar as representações de língua e linguagem no discurso de professores Terena, da Região Aquidauana (MS), enquanto mecanismos de controle e de defesa de uma etnia parcialmente bilíngue frente à sociedade hegemônica. Os procedimentos teóricos e metodológicos recorrem ao método genealógico foucaultiano (1987, 1990, 1992, 1997), às noções de identidade e subjetividade abordadas por Bauman (2005) e Guerra (2010) e às questões de língua discutidas por Cavalcanti e César (2007) e Coracini (2003, 2007), numa visão transdisciplinar permeada pelas relações de poder.
Daytime Lighting Assessment in Textile Factory Using Connected Windows in Slovakia; Case Study
Authors: Katunský Dušan , Dolníková Erika , Dolník Bystrík
Published: January 2018

The paper highlights the problems associated with daylight use in industrial facilities. In a case study of a multi-story textile factory, we report how to evaluate daylighting (as part of integral light) in production halls marked F and G. The post follows the article in the Buildings journal, where Hall E was evaluated (unilateral daylight). These two additional halls have large areas of 54 x 54 meters and are more than 5 meters high. The daylight is only on the side through the attached windows in envelope structures in the vertical position. In this paper we want to present two case studies of these two production halls in a textile factory in eastern part of Slovakia. These are halls that are illuminated by daylight from two sides through exterior peripheral walls that are against or next to each other. The results of case studies can be applied in similar production halls illuminated by a “double-sided” double (bilateral) daylight system. This means that they are illuminated by natural illumination through windows on two sides in a vertical position. Such a situation is typical for multi-storey buildings in industry. The proposed approximate calculation method for daylight factor can be used to predict daylight in similar spaces in other similar buildings.
Inexpensive Piezoelectric Elements for Nozzle Contact Detection and Build Platform Leveling in FFF 3D Printers
Authors: Simpson Michael , Khoury Simon
Published: January 2018

Inexpensive piezoelectric diaphragms can be used as sensors to facilitate both nozzle height setting and build platform leveling in FFF (Fused Filament Fabrication) 3D printers. Tests simulating nozzle contact are conducted to establish the available output and an output of greater than 8 Volts found at 20 ºC, a value which is readily detectable by simple electronic circuits. Tests are also conducted at a temperature of 80 ºC and, despite a reduction of greater than 80% in output voltage, this is still detectable. The reliability of piezoelectric diaphragms is investigated by mechanically stressing samples over 100,000 cycles at both 20 ºC and 80 ºC and little loss of output over the test duration is found. The development of a nozzle contact sensor using a single piezoelectric diaphragm is described.
Effect of Configuration of a Bulky Aluminum Initiator on the Structure of Copolymers of L,L-Lactide with Symmetric Comonomer Trimethylene Carbonate
Authors: Socka Marta , Szymanski Ryszard , Sosnowski Stanislaw , Duda Andrzej
Published: January 2018

The effect of configuration of an asymmetric bulky initiator 2,2’-[1,1’-binaphtyl-2,2’-diyl- bis-(nitrylomethilidyne)]diphenoxy aluminum isopropoxide (Ini) on structure of copolymer of asymmetric monomer L,L-lactide (Lac) with symmetric comonomer trimethylene carbonate (Tmc) was studied using polarimetry, dilatometry, SEC and 13C NMR. When the S-enantiomer of Ini was used the distribution in copolymer chains at the beginning of polymerization is statistical, with alternacy tendency, changing next through a gradient region to homoblocks of Tmc. When, however, R-Ini was used, the product formed was a gradient oligoblock one, with Tmc blocks prevailing at the beginning, changing to Lac blocks dominating at end part of chains. Initiation of copolymerization with the mixture of both initiator enantiomers (S:R = 6:94) gave multiblock copolymer, of similar features but shorter blocks. Analysis of copolymerization progress required complex analysis of dilatometric data, assuming different molar volume contraction coefficients for units located in different triads. Comonomer reactivity ratios of studied copolymerizations were determined.
Energy-Based Design Criterion of Dissipative Bracing Systems for Seismic Retrofit of Frame Structures
Authors: Terenzi Gloria
Published: January 2018

Direct sizing criteria represent useful tools in the design of dissipative bracing systems for the advanced seismic protection of existing frame structures, especially when incorporated dampers feature a markedly non-linear behaviour. An energy-based procedure is proposed herein to this aim, focusing attention on systems including fluid viscous devices. The procedure starts by assuming prefixed reduction factors of the most critical response parameters in current conditions, which are evaluated by means of a conventional elastic finite element analysis. Simple formulas relating the reduction factors to the equivalent viscous damping ratio of the dissipaters, ξeq, are proposed. These formulas allow calculating the ξeq values that guarantee the achievement of target factors. Finally, the energy dissipation capacity of the devices is deduced from ξeq, finalizing their sizing process. A detailed description of the procedure is presented in the article, by distinguishing the cases where the prevailing structural deficiencies are represented by poor strength of the constituting members, from the cases having excessive horizontal displacements. A demonstrative application to the retrofit design of a reinforced concrete gym building is then offered to explicate the steps of the sizing criterion in practice, as well as to evaluate the enhancement of seismic response capacities generated by the installation of the dissipative system.
Elevated Polyamines in Saliva of Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Asai Yasutsugu , Itoi Takao , Sugimoto Masahiro , Sofuni Atsushi , Tsuchiya Takayoshi , Tanaka Reina , Tonozuka Ryosuke , Honjo Mitsuyoshi , Mukai Shuntaro , Fujita Mitsuru , Yamamoto Kenjiro , Matsunami Yukitoshi , Kurosawa Takashi , Nagakawa Yuichi , Kaneko Miku , Ota Sana , Kawachi Shigeyuki , Shimazu Motohide , Soga Tomoyoshi , Tomita Masaru , Sunamura Makoto
Published: January 2018

Detection of pancreatic cancer (PC) at a resectable stage is still difficult because of the lack of accurate detection tests. The development of accurate biomarkers in low or non-invasive biofluids is essential to enable frequent tests, which would help increase the opportunity of PC detection in early stages. Polyamines have been reported as possible biomarkers in urine and saliva samples in various cancers. Here, we analyzed salivary metabolites, including polyamines, using capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. Salivary samples were collected from patients with PC (n=39), chronic pancreatitis (CP, n=14) and controls (C, n=26). Polyamines, such as spermine, N1-acetylspermidine, and N1-acetylspermine, showed a significant difference between PC and C, and the combination of four metabolites including N1-acetylspermidine showed high accuracy in discriminating PC from the other two groups. These data showed the potential of saliva as a screening test for PC.
Water Level Measurements from Drones
Authors: Ridolfi Elena , Manciola Piergiorgio
Published: January 2018

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are now filling in the gaps between spaceborne and ground-based observations and enhancing the spatial resolution and temporal coverage of data acquisition. In the realm of hydrological observations, UAVs have a key role to quantitatively characterize the surface flow allowing for remotely accessing the water body of interest. In this paper we propose a technology which uses a sensing platform encompassing a drone and a camera to determine the water level. The images acquired my means of the sensing platform are then analyzed using the Canny method to detect the edges of water level and of Ground Control Points (GCPs) used as reference points. The water level is then retrieved from images and compared to a benchmark value obtained by a traditional device. The method is tested at four locations in an artificial lake in central Italy. Results are encouraging as the overall mean error between estimated and true water level values is around 0.02 m. This technology is well suited to improve hydraulic modeling and thus provide a reliable support to flood mitigation strategies also in uneasy-to-access environments.
Two-Year Outcomes of Ab Interno Trabeculectomy with the Trabectome for Chinese Primary Open Angle Glaucoma: A Retrospective Multicenter Study
Authors: Dang Yalong , Wang Xiao , Cen Yujie , Hong Ying , Huang Ping , Loewen Nils , Zhang Chun
Published: January 2018

To evaluate the 2-year efficacy and safety of ab interno trabeculectomy with the Trabectome in Chinese primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients. This was a multicenter, retrospective study and included POAG patients with or without visually-significant cataracts. The primary outcome was intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction. Secondary outcomes included reduction of glaucoma medications, surgical complications, and success at 2-years. Success was defined as: 1) IOP < 21 mmHg and at least 20% IOP reduction from baseline after 3 months at any two consecutive visits, and 2) no additional glaucoma surgery required. A total of 42 patients were enrolled; thirteen had a history of failed glaucoma surgery. Twelve patients underwent Trabectome surgery combined with phacoemulsification while the remainder underwent Trabectome surgery alone. Overall, the mean preoperative IOP was 21.4±1.23 mmHg. The Trabectome lowered IOP to 18.5± 0.94 mmHg at 2 years (P<0.05). The number of glaucoma medications also decreased from a baseline of 2.0±0.9 to 1.2± 0.21 at 2 years (P=0.04). The overall success was 78%, with patients undergoing combined surgery having a higher success than those with Trabectome surgery alone (100% vs. 76%). No major complications were seen. The Trabectome appears to be an efficient and safe procedure in Chinese POAG patients in the long-term.
Sparsity Based Locality –Sensitive Discriminative Dictionary Learning for Video Semantic Analysis
Authors: Benuwa Ben-Bright , Zhan Yongzhao , Ghansah Benjamin , Ansah Ernest , Sarkodie Andriana
Published: January 2018

Dictionary Learning (DL) and Sparse Representation (SR) based Classifier have impacted greatly on the classification performance and has had good recognition rate on image data. In Video Semantic Analysis (VSA), the local structure of video data contains more vital discriminative information needed for classification. However, this has not been fully exploited by the current DL based approaches. Besides, similar coding findings are not being realized from video features with the same video category. Based on the issues stated afore, a novel learning algorithm, called Sparsity based Locality-Sensitive Discriminative Dictionary Learning(SLSDDL) for VSA is proposed in this paper. In the proposed algorithm, a discriminant loss function for the category based on sparse coding of the sparse coefficients is introduced into structure of Locality-Sensitive Dictionary Learning (LSDL) algorithm. Finally, the sparse coefficients for the testing video feature sample are solved by the optimized method of SLSDDL and the classification result for video semantic is obtained by minimizing the error between the original and reconstructed samples. The experiment results show that, the proposed SLSDDL significantly improves the performance of video semantic detection compared with the comparative state-of-the-art approaches. Moreover, the robustness to various diverse environments in video is also demonstrated, which proves the universality of the novel approach.
Integrating Solar Energy in Rome's Built Environment: A Perspective for Distributed Generation on Global Scale
Authors: Meneguzzo Francesco , Pecoraino Mario , Pagliaro Mario
Published: January 2018

Large-scale integration of solar energy technologies in Rome’s built environment epitomizes the needed general adoption of distributed generation via functionalization of buildings of all size and end use across the world, to become active energy generators and no longer energy users only. This paper identifies selected technology solutions and critical policy and educational initiatives to effectively achieve within the next decade (2018-2027) the widespread uptake of decentralized solar energy systems in the built environment on a global scale.
Using Urban Planners to Increase City Sustainability through the Development Process
Authors: Babarinde Jacob Adejare
Published: January 2018

This paper presents an experimental scenario aimed at bridging the gap between the cities we have and the cities we need, not only in the 21st century but also beyond, using the integrated tools of development control and holistic land development model to achieve a planner-led vision of city sustainability. Due to scathing criticisms against the development control system, the paper contends that planners as development approving officers and public interest specialists are better positioned than allied professionals to increase city sustainability through a holistic development process that benefits from the concept of strong sustainability posited by ecological economists. The paper adopts a seven-stage, 56-cell land development matrix (model) to simulate the development of the typical high-rise residential condominium in Ontario, supported with secondary data and the author’s ground experience as a planner and realtor with condominium customer service experience across Toronto and Mississauga cities between 2008 and 2017. Findings reveal that planners can seize the opportunity of being leaders of the development team to synergize the risks and value creation in land development that are key drivers of strong sustainability. The paper suggests some policy implications for averting disasters like fire hazards and terror attacks in high-rise residential buildings.
Construction of Maximally Multiqubit Entangled State by Using CNOT Gates
Authors: Zha Xinwei , Che Jun-ling
Published: January 2018

We propose a novel protocol to build a maximally entangled state based on controlled-not (CNOT) gates. In particular, we give detailed steps to construct maximally entangled state for 4-, 5-, and 6-qubit systems. The advantage of our method is the simple algebraic structure which can be realized via current experimental technology.
Understanding Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights Agreement: From Hard and Soft Law Perspective
Authors: Roisah Kholis
Published: January 2018

Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) Agree-ment interesting to be understood in the perspective of hard law and soft law. TRIPs Agreement justified as hard or soft law by identifying the norms in the TRIPs agreement. Parameter obligation of TRIPs agreement visible implementation and enforcement of agreement norm with full compliance to fourth of the IPR Convention for the State parties is an indicator of unconditional obligation. Parameters precision TRIPS agreement showed formulation of general obligation setting up the implementation of treaty obligations is regulated in detail and the use of ”shall” term in any norm, describe the imperative norm character and shown indicator as substantial limited of interpretation with the parties might not interpreted. Parameter delegation looked explicitly provision of implementation and enforcement agreement that put an obligation on national authorities of state parties through domestic law and its courts. Parameter obligation, precision as well as delegation showed as high indicator that the TRIPs agreement characterized as hard law.
Longest Ultra Slim Lateral in the World Drilled with Slim Mud Motor Technology in Kuwait Oil Company Fields SPE
Authors: Alkhaldy Meshal , Alsaadi Dhari , Al-Shuaibi Nawaf , Al-Saffar Maytham , Elafify Ibrahim , Alkubaish Yasser , Moustafa Shady , Mobasher Mohamed , Dalali Hamad Al , Saleh Rashad , Keot Chandan Jyoti , Jokhi Ayomarz Homi , Hasan Said
Published: January 2018

The objective is to increase the production/injection rate of the existing old sick vertical wells that are completed with 7" casing, by extending the reservoir exposure with converting those wells to horizontal producer/injector.

In the initial Field Development stage, many wells were drilled and completed with 7" casing up to the surface. Several of those old wells are lying inactive in North Kuwait which has one of the largest oil reservoirs in the country. In addition, of the limited surface locations in the field combined with the growing anti-collision challenges, feasibility studies were carried out for reviving such sick wells which can't be delivered via limited hole sections; accordingly, an innovative idea introduced to complete those wells with 3 7/8" or 4 1/8" Open Hole Completion. To address the required challenges, 2-7/8" PAC HT DP had been used along with 3 1/8" Motor.

Consequently, DP had to be spaced out every trip to maximize the WOB transfer and mitigate Buckling issues.

This paper provides an overview of 3 7/8" slim horizontal hole by taking the challenge to the next level by drilling the longest 3 7/8" horizontal slim hole in the world with a total footage of 4,565 ft. Total 7-runs had been performed to achieve this lateral length due to the limitation of BHA/LWD Battery life. Thirteen such wells have already been drilled consisting of 7 Injectors and 6 Producers. The Slim Wells are completed as an Injector with 5" seal assembly along with 4 ½" Tubing, or as a Producer with 3 ½" tubing and ESP. All wells (both Injectors and Producers) have yielded results commensurate to the potential of any new conventional horizontal well. Consequently, Slim Hole Horizontal wells were successfully drilled in Kuwait Oil Company fields. As such, the campaign of reviving the sick wells helped KOC to achieve higher return on investment in mature assets through minimizing top hole construction cost and time. The success has opened up new avenues for KOC.

Re-entry wells helped to achieve higher return on investment in mature assets through minimizing top hole construction cost and have been drilled at 1/3rd the cost of a new well. It also accelerates time to oil production from existing wells and has minimized the prevailing location constraints. KOC has launched an aggressive plan to complete more such sick wells.
11 ERD Wells Engineered to Deliver 50+ Field Records in Qarn Alam Cluster, Sultanate of Oman
Authors: El Hawy Ahmed , Picha Mahesh Shrichand , Soliman Fathy , Haeser Patrick A , Al Hadhrami Moosa , Al Kindi Adil , Eljenni Mounir , Habsi Is'Haq , Al Busaidi Ibrahim , Al Busaidi Adil Zahran , Bazara Magdi , Omara Ahmed Sadig
Published: January 2018

As conventional drilling learning curves mature from drilling simple vertical wells to deviated wells to complex multi-lateral horizontal wells, the boundaries needed to be broken to reach much deeper depths rather than consuming the time in drilling multiple shorter laterals.

Horizontal ERD wells in Qarn Alam cluster were planned to be drilled in four sections where the 17.5-in section is drilled vertically followed by a deviated 12.25-in section and continued by landing in 8.5-in section and finally the 6.125-in horizontal lateral.

Many attempts of performance improvement initiatives were executed over many years however there were always flaws and inconsistency in drilling performance delivery. As the need of ERD grew, a detailed offset wells analysis had to be performed where all the deficiencies and issues had to be pin pointed, RCA (Root Cause Analysis) had to be performed and plans for success had to be laid out.

From challenges achieving required dog legs in the top sections with increased risks of axial and lateral vibrations, to the difficulties faced in the landing section drilling through unconsolidated and reactive shales, to the difficulties transferring weight to the bit at deeper depths in the horizontal laterals drilling highly porous zones of sticky limestones resulting in severe torsional vibrations. A new approach of drilling had to be executed with a renovated set of drilling parameters envelopes, revised trajectory designs, re-engineered BHA designs, right choice of fit for purpose bits and effective real-time performance monitoring.
Development and Deployment of Next Generation High Pressure High Temperature Multistage Cementing Tool
Authors: Albassam M. , Al-Yami A. S. , Almalki B.
Published: January 2018

Differential Valves are used in multistage cementing tools to ensure having adequate cement placement and enhanced wellbore isolation. Multistage tools are recommended to use if the formation is unable to support the hydrostatic pressure of the cement column. In cases of lose circulation, multistage tools are used at designated depth to help placing cement all the way to surface.

There are two types of multistage tools: conventional ones that can withstand low-pressure rating and more recently developed high-pressure rating tools. The low-pressure rating tool is used to support cement placement and is not considered as mechanical barrier against high-pressure formations. The high-pressure tools were developed based on additional requirements to improve wellbore isolation in high-pressure gas wells.

The objective of this paper is to: Highlight the importance of multistage cementing tools and to de-risk their useProvide best practices to overcome common multistage tool issues

Potential malfunctions can be due to either mechanical components malfunction or improper operational practices. These can be further divided into 4 categories, which are: packer issues, opening/closing DV ports, and drilling practices such as encountering losses while cementing and finally improper running operational procedures. This paper includes intensive review of actual runs including frequency of multistage tool issues based on casing size.

Different mitigation plans are recommended for each potential issue and optimum drilling practices to overcome them. In addition, high-pressure multiage tools performance will be highlighted in improving wellbore isolation since their initial deployment 3 years ago.
Case Study for Curing Circulation Losses during Primary Cementing Operations Using Fiber Cement in Zubair Field/Iraq
Authors: Hussein Maher Falih , Eren Tuna , Rahman Ahmed , Ghidoni Carlo , Talib Basheer
Published: January 2018

The giant Iraqi Zubair oilfield is a hotspot for drilling activities. Many vertical and directional wells have been recently drilled in this oil field. Losing cement slurry into karstic facies of the Hartha formation is the main challenge on most wells. Achieving required top of cement behind the intermediate casing is a critical challenge because this casing is the main barrier against the corrosive sulfurous water of the underlying Um Er-Radhuma and Tayarat formations. In this field, in spite of the tremendous time and effort that have been spent to mitigate losses while drilling and before cementing, at least 55% of wells experience losses while cementing. Various conventional treatments have been implemented to bring cement to the surface in primary cementing operations, including one stage with lead and tail slurries and two stages with two cement slurries (lead and tail) for the second stage. Even when ample amount of extra excess of cement has been used for the second stage to compensate for the cement lost during first stage, there was still a need for top jobs subsequently after the cement job. Recently, the field applications of fiber cement have shown substantial success compared to the case of using only cement slurries as lost circulation material. This was confirmed by getting returns when displacing cement across the lost circulation zone (Hartha formation) in five out of six wells. The cement jobs of the six wells have been revised, and use of fiber cement has now become a standard practice for cementing the intermediate casing strings in this field. In addition to presenting six case studies in the use of fiber cement, this paper describes the previous efforts at solving the problem and the success criteria. This paper also discusses the mechanism and the properties of using fiber within cement slurries for curing lost circulation while cementing in fractured formations. Laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate the plugging efficiency and the magnitude of the developed compressive strength.
In-Situ Thermal Rheological Properties of Drilling Muds
Authors: Ettehadi Ali , Altun Gursat
Published: January 2018

Thermal rheological properties of three drilling fluids suggested for hot environments were experimentally investigated using both HTHP dynamic rheometer and classical viscometer. Two of them were polymer based muds commercially used in geothermal drilling, and the third one was sepiolite base mud prepared with specially mixing order in this study. Rheological measurements at six different shear rates were performed in a programmed temperature range of 100 to 500°F with 10°F increments at a 700 psi of pressure differential. Flow characteristics of sample muds in a given well geometry were also considered using a numerical application.

Two polymeric muds sampled from a geothermal field in Turkey exhibited very low viscosity with a low thermal viscosity variation interval at temperatures above 300°F. In contrary, the sepiolite mud demonstrated higher viscosity and kept its stability with increasing temperatures up to 500°F. Findings also indicated remarkable viscosity differences between the conventional viscometer and the dynamic HTHP rheometer. Hydraulic optimization in terms of circulation pressure losses, cutting transport, and surge and swab pressures were numerically modelled. Optimization results based on conventional viscometer measurements generated noticeable errors causing difficulties through drilling program. Numerical application revealed that the usage of improper viscosity values resulted in calculation of well design parameters beyond the safe drilling limits.

Through this study, it was revealed that sepiolite based muds could be good candidate for drilling hot and/or hostile wells such as deep oil and gas wells, geothermal wells, and drilling through high saline formations. As excessive temperature through wellbore can lead to serious well problems, selecting thermally stable mud with proper rheological properties to improve penetration rates, hole cleaning properties, and borehole integrity can clearly express the importance of this study.
Ultra-High-Strength Proppant: An Update on Deepwater Applications in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Saldungaray Pedro , Palisch Terry
Published: January 2018

With the advent of the development of lower Tertiary formations in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico, a gap in proppant technology was identified at the beginning of the decade. No existing conventional proppant could provide the required conductivity at the anticipated 15,000 psi (and higher) prevailing closure stress. To meet these challenges a new proppant was developed, with the goal of achieving twice the baseline conductivity of any conventional proppant at 20,000 psi.

Improvements in the manufacturing process lead to the required superior performance needed in extreme depth and stress environments. The shape of the new Ultra-High Stress Proppant (UHSP) is highly round and spherical with a mono-sized sieve distribution. At higher stresses, this means the UHSP will provide higher proppant pack porosity and ultimately more space to flow. In addition, the surface of the proppant is very smooth, leading to lower Beta, as well as reduced erosion potential. An extremely low internal pellet porosity evenly distributed in fine pores results in much stronger grains, with crush value of less than 2% at 20,000 psi for 20/40 mesh equivalent product. Additionally, the new proppant technology provides further advantages with increased durability and longevity, as well as significantly reduced erosion on downhole tools and equipment.

Further to the ultra-high stress applications the new manufacturing technique was applied to ores typically used to manufacture low density ceramics. The result is a proppant with equal or better conductivity than standard intermediate and high density ceramics leading to larger frac volume and better carrying capacity. This new low density ceramic can effectively replace the use of conventional ceramics from low to medium and high stress applications and in many cases reduce the costs associated with pumping these higher density proppants.

This paper will briefly review the manufacturing process and resulting step change advancements achieved by this new proppant, stressing on the technology adoption in the Gulf of Mexico illustrated with multiple case histories. This paper should be beneficial to all engineers and technologists currently working in fracturing applications from low to ultra-high stress, or other harsh conditions such as steam-flooding and geothermal applications.
Study on World Drilling Limit Envelope and Break its Limitations
Authors: Li Xin , Gao Deli , Wen Chang , Zhang Hui , Gu Yue
Published: January 2018

Why the world drilling limit envelope shows an irregular triangle as a whole and how to break its limitations? Many scholars have carried on the related researches, the authors also give theoretical reason, including the influence of borehole space, bearing capacity of drilled formation, mechanical factors and hydraulic factors. In this paper, the authors provide the effects of drill pipe tripping in/out and casing running on the world drilling limit envelope. Meanwhile, the drilling extended-reach limit optimization model is also established, its parameters include objective and subjective factors. The objective factors mainly refer to the formation factor; and subjective factors mainly include three types of parameters: drilling constraint parameters, wellbore design parameters and specific operating conditions. The subjective factors in the drilling extended-reach limit optimization model is mainly divided into the following three situations: the variation of drilling constraint parameters, the variation of wellbore design parameters, the drilling constraint parameters and the wellbore design parameters change simultaneously. In addition, the horizontal extended-reach well (ERW) is the well type which most frequently breaking world drilling record in recent years, and also the well type most likely to break the drilling world record in the future. Moreover, the concept of effective extended-reach limit is proposed. The borehole trajectory design is optimized using genetic algorithm, reducing the well's extension in non-reservoir formation and improving the effective extended-reach limit, so as to break the world drilling limit envelope. This work provides a practical tool for explaining why the world drilling limit envelope shows an irregular triangle and how to break the envelope's limitations, which is of great significance for the development of drilling engineering and improvement of economic benefits.
A Novel Multiphase Hydrodynamic Model for Kick Control in Real Time While Managed Pressure Drilling
Authors: Zhou H. , Fan H. , Wang H. , Niu X. , Wang G.
Published: January 2018

Managed pressure drilling (MPD) technique can stop and remove a kick without shut-in procedure while keeping the bottomhole pressure relatively constant while a kick was detected. But the key for a successful kick removal operation depend on accurate, real-time knowledge of wellbore hydraulics. Therefore, the transient multiphase flow calculation for MPD kick control should be developed for obtaining high-precision hydraulics.

Firstly, a real-time multiphase hydrodynamic model for kick control of MPD was proposed, in which the gas solubility in drilling fluids is take into account. Because of the well head pressure need to adjust in real-time during MPD, therefore the influence caused by real-time adjusting of WHP for gas migration and phase change was take into account too. And as a consequence there are more boundary conditions and dynamic parameters of this model than the traditional multiphase model. Secondly, the finite difference method was used to solve the proposed model, and then a comprehensive solution procedure is proposed, in which the different boundary conditional mode of MPD is considered, based on which the numerical solution of kick control for different MPD mode can be obtained easily. Moreover, a series of system calculation software were developed to predicted pit gain, flow patterns, circulating pressures, gas top, bottomhole hydraulics and the related control parameters for control the kick while MPD.

The proposed model has been verified with experimental data collected from scientific experimental well of SINOPEC, there is an excellent match between the calculated and measured data and the calculation accuracy is higher than 95%. Furthermore, this calculation software has been used for analyzing the MPD kick control during drilling shale gas horizontal wells of SINOPEC, and it runs smoothly with convenient operation. Therefore it can be seen this system can be applied to provide more convenient fast and precise dynamic parameters monitoring for control kick while MPD.

This paper established a novel real-time multiphase hydrodynamic model and a systematic calculate software, which has been verified with experimental data and applied in shale gas field. Through the field application, the results show that it can provide more accurate prediction of wellbore multiphase flow parameters. Therefore it can be seen that this novel method can be applied for MPD kick control to provide more precise dynamic parameters for kick control while MPD.
First Run In the GCC Of Hybrid Cable DTS And DHPG
Authors: Mutawa Ahmed Abdulla , ElBarbary Abdalla Youssef , Quintero Fernando , Awad Abdul Salam , Khaled Moutaz Faysal , Al-Mansi Mohammad Kamel
Published: January 2018

Permanent down Hole Gauges (PDHGs) are typically run in combination with Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) cable with Wellbore Segmentation using Swellable Packers. The interpretation of the signals of the DTS/PDHG is complex, but it provides the possibility to identify change in production / injection profile along the completion and changes to the composition of produced fluids. Permanent down Hole Gauges (PDHGs) is a system enables the user to measure the reservoir pressure and temperature at single fixed point on real time basis. Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) is a technology which provides the user with a technique to measure the temperature in a well (from the surface to the TD of the well) distributed along the fibre optic line at any time.

Several challenges were anticipated and measures were taken to minimize the risks of such implementation to ensure smooth deployment successfully.
Successful Installation of Multi Task Valves MTV with New Generation ICD in The Middle East Sandstone Reservoirs Simplifies Deployment's Operation and Optimizes Well Performance
Authors: Al-Arji Hamad Mohammed , Abu Faizal Syed , Suherdiana Hedy
Published: January 2018

Inflow Control Device (ICD) are deployed as a part of downhole completion across the horizontal section in consolidated or unconsolidated formations to overcome challenges posed by long horizontal drains like heel to toe effect and formation heterogeneities. The main objective of ICD completion is to delay water or gas breakthrough by enabling equalization of flux along the wellbore and promote oil by chocking back water in case of water breakthrough.

Recently, for the first time in sandstone fields, a new ICD generation combining three advanced features in one was successfully installed enabling simple and safe deployment of an optimum completion design for a long horizontal well. The new ICD is a combination of new hybrid ICD design, multi-tasking valve (MTV) and premium sand screen.

The new ICD generation incorporates a hybrid design in which the fluid flows in a labyrinth path to achieve optimum pressure drop. The new design makes the ICD highly density dependent and insensitive to viscosity while maintaining a larger flow area which makes is less prone to plugging and erosion compared to conventional ICDs. MTV, a delayed opening valves incorporated into the ICD allowing them to act as a pressure containing liner component. This enables a true flow through full circulation from the bottom of the completion assembly eliminating the need of inner string during deployment.

Having MTV feature in the ICD has made the deployment not only simple and safe but also saved considerable amount of rig operation time compared to conventional ICD screens by eliminating the need for inner string. Risk of low productivity of well due to screen plugging by mud solids in OBM was also reduced by achieving a higher annular velocity during deployment and pumping wellbore clean-up treatment fluid.

This paper will discuss the benefits of the new generation ICD on completion operation based on experience from the first deployment and highlight the operational cost saving by reducing the rig time. In addition, the impact of the new hybrid design on the well production performance will be discussed highlighting the post drilling benefits and how it would prolong the well life.