bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of overestimation of fractional flow reserve by adenosine on anatomical–functional mismatch
Authors: Matsumoto Hidenari , Masaki Ryota , Higuchi Satoshi , Tanaka Hideaki , Kondo Seita , Tsujita Hiroaki , Shinke Toshiro
Published: September 2022

Adenosine occasionally results in overestimation of fractional flow reserve (FFR) values, compared with other hyperemic stimuli. We aimed to elucidate the association of overestimation of FFR by adenosine with anatomically significant but functionally non-significant lesions (anatomical–functional mismatch) and its influence on reclassification of functional significance. Distal-to-aortic pressure ratio (Pd/Pa) was measured using adenosine (Pd/PaADN) and papaverine (Pd/PaPAP) in 326 patients (326 vessels). The overestimation of FFR was calculated as Pd/PaADN–Pd/PaPAP. The anatomical–functional mismatch was defined as diameter stenosis > 50% and Pd/PaADN > 0.80. Reclassification was indicated by Pd/PaADN > 0.80 and Pd/PaPAP ≤ 0.80. The mismatch (n = 72) had a greater overestimation of FFR than the non-mismatch (n = 99): median 0.02 (interquartile range 0.01–0.05) versus 0.01 (0.00–0.04), p = 0.014. Multivariable analysis identified the overestimation of FFR (p = 0.003), minimal luminal diameter (p = 0.001), and non-left anterior descending artery (LAD) location (p < 0.001) as determinants of the mismatch. Reclassification was indicated in 29% of the mismatch and was more frequent in the LAD than in the non-LAD (52% vs. 20%, p = 0.005). The overestimation of FFR is an independent determinant of anatomical−functional mismatch. Anatomical−functional mismatch, specifically in the LAD, may suggest a false-negative result.
Exploring the role of octanol-water partition coefficient and Henry’s law constant in predicting the lipid-water partition coefficients of organic chemicals
Authors: Khawar Muhammad Irfan , Mahmood Azhar , Nabi Deedar
Published: September 2022

Partition coefficients for storage lipid-water (logKlw) and phospholipid-water (logKpw) phases are key parameters to understand the bioaccumulation and toxicity of organic contaminants. However, the published experimental databases of these properties are dwarfs and current estimation approaches are cumbersome. Here, we present partition models that exploit the correlations of logKlw, and of logKpw with the linear combinations of the octanol-water partition coefficient (logKow) and the dimensionless Henry’s law constant (air–water partition coefficient, logKaw). The calibrated partition models successfully describe the variations in logKlw data (n = 305, R2 = 0.971, root-mean-square-error (rmse) = 0.375), and in logKpw data (n = 131, R2 = 0.953, rmse = 0.413). With the inputs of logKow and logKaw estimated from the U.S. EPA’s EPI Suite, our models of logKlw and logKpw have exhibited rmse = 0.52 with respect to experimental values indicating suitability of these models for inclusion in the EPI Suite. Our models perform similar to or better than the previously reported models such as one parameter partition models, Abraham solvation models, and models based on quantum-chemical calculations. Taken together, our models are robust, easy-to-use, and provide insight into variations of logKlw and logKpw in terms of hydrophobicity and volatility trait of chemicals.
Hierarchical spindle structures of Li+-doped ZnO for a high performance humidity sensor
Authors: Zhang Meng , Chen Qingqing , Zhang Jingjing , Li Guodong , Xu Sailong , Yang Lan , Guo Ying
Published: September 2022

Li+-doped ZnO hierarchical spindle structures have been prepared on FTO conductive glass via a simple hydrothermal synthesis. The sensing performance of the sensor based on Li+-doped ZnO was improved by controlling the Li+ doping concentration.
Siloxane-containing derivatives of benzoic acid: chemical transformation of the carboxyl group
Authors: Goncharova Irina K. , Ulianova Eva A. , Novikov Roman A. , Volodin Alexander D. , Korlyukov Alexander A. , Arzumanyan Ashot V.
Published: September 2022

This research presents a scalable method for chemical transformation of Si-containing derivatives of benzoic acid to a wide range of corresponding esters, thioesters, amides,etc.Some of them form HOF-like structures in the crystalline state.
Tracking the solid-state incorporation of Sn into the framework of dealuminated zeolite beta, and consequences for catalyst design
Authors: Navar Ricardo , Tarantino Giulia , Beynon Owain T. , Padovan Daniele , Botti Luca , Gibson Emma K. , Wells Peter P. , Owens Alun , Kondrat Simon A. , Logsdail Andrew J. , Hammond Ceri
Published: September 2022

In situ spectroscopy, kinetic studies and computational simulations are combined to study the synthesis of Sn-Beta by solid state incorporation, revealing which parameters influence successful preparation of the catalyst.
Hybrid patterning of metal nanowire/polymer composites based on selective photocuring-and-transfer and kirigami cutting techniques for stretchable circuit application
Authors: Kang Dong-Joo , Kim Jong-Man
Published: September 2022

A new strategy for the preparation of conductive-nanocomposite-based stretchable circuit boards based on a synergistic hybridization of a selective photocuring-and-transfer technique and kirigami-inspired mechanical cutting process is presented.
Weaving a magnificent world: 1D fibrous electrodes and devices for stretchable and wearable electronics
Authors: Zhang Wenxiao , Miao Jinlei , Zuo Xingwei , Zhang Xueji , Qu Lijun
Published: September 2022

One-dimensional fibrous electronics has become one of the most important building blocks for weaving flexible and stretchable electronic devices, which holds great potential in practical wearable applications to weave a magnificent world.
A Two-Stage Support Vector Machine and SqueezeNet System for Range-Angle and Range-Speed Estimation in a Cluttered Environment of Automotive MIMO Radar Systems
Authors: Benyahia Zakaria , Hefnawi Mostafa , Aboulfatah Mohamed , Abdelmounim Hassan , Gadi Taoufiq
Published: September 2022

This paper proposes a two-stage deep-learning approach for frequency modulated continuous waveform multiple‐input multiple‐output (FMCW MIMO) radar embedded in cluttered and jammed environments. The first stage uses the support vector machine (SVM) as a feature extractor that discriminates targets from clutters and jammers. In the second stage, the angle, range, and Doppler estimations of the extracted targets are treated by the SqueezeNet deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) as a multilabel classification problem. The performance of the proposed hybrid SVM-SqueezeNet method is very close to the one achieved by the SqueezeNet only but with the advantage of identifying the type of targets and reducing the training time required by the SqueezeNet.
Design of flower-shaped high-efficiency compact UWB antenna
Authors: Bembarka Aicha , Setti Larbi , Tribak Abdelwahed , Tizyi Hafid
Published: September 2022

The present paper describes a novel planar antenna based on the fractal structure designed for Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) applications. The antenna exceeds the UWB band by covering the frequency range between 7.36 and 19.57 GHz with S11 < -10 dB (the fractional bandwidth is 90.68 %) which involves four applications, the C-band (4-8 GHz), the X-band (8-12 GHz), the Ku-band (12-18 GHz) and the K-band (18-26.5 GHz). The low-cost Rogers RO4003C substrate is employed to print the proposed antenna in a small dimension of 12 x 16.9 x 0.81 mm3. This antenna is invented from the shape of a flower with three elliptical leaves. The antenna simulated radiation efficiency is greater than 97 % with an omnidirectional radiation pattern in the E-plane and a bidirectional radiation pattern in the H-plane, across the entire bandwidth. The maximum realized gain of the proposed antenna is about 5.25 dBi. Therefore, the obtained results demonstrated that the flower-shaped antenna is a good candidate for practical UWB 5G applications.
Silicon Die Transient Thermal Peak Prediction Approach
Authors: Oukaira Aziz , Benelhaouare Amrou Zyad , Amirkhani Dariush , Zbitou Jamal , Lakhssassi Ahmed
Published: September 2022

It is well known that Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) are good platforms for implementing embedded systems because of their configurable nature. However, the temperature of FPGAs is becoming a serious concern. Improvements in manufacturing technology led to increased logic density in integrated circuits as well as higher clock frequencies. As logic density increases, so do power density, which in turn increases the temperature, FPGAs follow the same path. A prediction of the thermal state of the Altera Cyclone V System-on-Chip (SoC) is presented in this work. The prediction study employs a numerical technique called Finite Element Method (FEM), which is a discretization method to approximate the real solution of the Partial Differential Equation (PDE) for heat transfer around the board's critical sources. The DE1 5CSEMA5F31C6N board was simulated using the COMSOL Multiphysics® tool for predicting thermal peaks during 13 hours of normal operation. Using the NISA tool, we obtained very similar results to those previously obtained with a margin of error of 2 %. As a result, a Verilog code implementation that describes the same approach used by the last two simulation tools is uploaded to the FPGA to verify the results of these simulations. This paper provides a more accurate vision of the level of operating stability of our FPGA board, which are currently the most important source for prototyping and designing the world's largest systems.
A framework for recommending tourist attractions using deep learning and association rule mining-based methods
Authors: Jeong Hanjo
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Many of tourism recommendation researches are based on the user rating and review data on the tourism platforms, and these approaches might be only suitable for a discrete recommendation for the tourist attractions. It is because each rating and review data on the platforms is created for a tourist place, not for multiple places on a travel itinerary. A travel blog data often contains information about the multiple places on a travel itinerary, but it is difficult to analyse the data compared to the rating and review data since it is like a text document having longer text than the review. In this paper, we introduce a framework consisting of a deep learning-based tourist-attraction extraction method from the blog text and an association rule mining-based recommendation method to recommend a list of tourist attractions that might be favourable to visit together in a travel itinerary.
A comparative study of Machine learning Algorithms on the UNSW-NB 15 Dataset
Authors: Tahri Rachid , Jarrar Abdessamad , Lasbahani Abdellatif , Balouki Youssef
Published: September 2022

The world has experienced a radical change due to the internet. Internet became a crucial element in our daily life, therefore, the security of our DATA could be threatened at any time. This safety is handled using systems to detect network intrusion called Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS). Machine learning techniques are being implemented to improve these systems. In order to enhance the performance of IDS, different classification algorithms are applied to detect various types of attacks. Choosing a good one for building IDS is not an easy task. The best method is to test the performance of the different classification algorithms. Nevertheless, most researchers have focused on the confusion matrix as measurements of classification performance. Therefore, many papers use this matrix to present a detailed comparison with the dataset, data preprocessing, feature selection technique, algorithms classification and performance evaluation. The goal of this paper is to present a comparison of application of different Machine Learning algorithms used to build and improve intrusion detection systems in terms of confusion matrix, accuracy, recall, precision, FAR, specificity and sensitivity using the UNSW-NB15 Dataset. Furthermore, we introduce some lesson learnt to shoot more researchers in their future works.
New control scheme of on-load tap changer for voltage regulation in active distribution systems using Fuzzy logic
Authors: Maataoui Yassir , Boutfarjoute Omar , Chekenbah Hamid , Lasri Rafik
Published: September 2022

This research presents a new voltage regulation philosophy that enhances the voltage magnitude in a power distribution network where distributed generation (DG) is prevalent. Voltage regulation in power distribution networks relies heavily on the On-Load Tap-Changer (OLTC) installed in power transformers. Since it was designed for networks without DG, the OLTC's current voltage regulation scheme uses a fixed reference voltage and hence cannot regulate voltage in a distribution network. Therefore, the proposed novel system-based Fuzzy logic will compute a new set point voltage that the OLTC must follow to mitigate the undesirable DG impact on the voltage profile. The suggested system is evaluated on Morocco's MATLAB/Simulink-built 20kV distribution network.
Folgeschäden durch Beatmung in Bauchlage bei COVID-19 und
ihre Relevanz für die Frührehabilitation – eine
retrospektive Kohortenstudie
Authors: Elmer Nancy , Liebl Max Emanuel , Brehm Katharina , Schwedtke Christine , Drebinger Daniel , Pille Christian , Reißhauer Anett
Published: September 2022

Hintergrund Die Bauchlagerung („proning“) als Teil der
Behandlungsstrategie bei Patient:innen mit Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
(ARDS) hat durch die COVID-19-Pandemie massiv an Bedeutung gewonnen. Neben den
positiven Effekten der BL sind Nebenwirkungen bekannt, insbesondere Druckulcera
(DU) und periphere Nervenläsionen (pNL).

Methoden In dieser retrospektiven Kohortenstudie wurden
COVID-19-ARDS-Patient:innen, die supportiv in BL therapiert und im
Behandlungsverlauf auf die Frührehabilitation übernommen wurden,
auf das Vorliegen von DU und pNL hin untersucht. Es wurden potenzielle
Risikofaktoren für das Entstehen von DU und pNL und der Einfluss von DU
und pNL auf den Rehabilitationserfolg explorativ analysiert.

Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden 52 Patient:innen in die Studie eingeschlossen.
Von ihnen boten 10 (19,2%) das klinische Bild einer pNL und 41
(78,8%) wiesen bei Übernahme Bauchlagerungs-typische ventrale DU
auf. Patient:innen mit pNL hatten signifikant häufiger einen Diabetes
mellitus als Vorerkrankung, für die Entstehung von DU gab es keine
Risikofaktoren. Bei Übernahme waren Patient:innen mit pNL im
Durchschnitt weniger mobil und weniger selbstständig als Patient:innen
ohne pNL, während zum Zeitpunkt der Entlassung keine signifikanten
Unterschiede in Mobilität und ADL-Fähigkeit mehr vorlagen.
Patient:innen mit pNL benötigten signifikant mehr Hilfsmittel bei
Entlassung. DU sind häufig, v. a. im
Gesicht-/Halsbereich (56,1%).

Schlussfolgerungen Nebenwirkungen der Bauchlagerung wie DU und pNL sind
zum Zeitpunkt der Übernahme in die Frührehabilitation
häufig. Während die Mobilität zum
Übernahmezeitpunkt durch das Vorliegen einer pNL deutlicher
eingeschränkt ist, besteht dieser Unterschied nicht mehr zum
Entlasszeitpunkt.
Delivery of Radioiodine Ablation in a Patient with End-Stage Renal Disease
Authors: Bussey Andrew T. , Tin Aung , Hoye Neil , Richardson Mark
Published: September 2022

This case presents a pragmatic approach to the management of a radioiodine remnant ablation patient on hemodialysis which required no pretherapeutic dosimetric measurements. Pretreatment radiation dose modeling was performed using literature values for radioiodine hemodialysis extraction efficacies to determine a safe treatment regimen including adjustment of the administered activity and hemodialysis frequency. The pretreatment modeling was subsequently verified using external and blood radiation monitoring during treatment.
Outcomes and Associated Complications of Cranioplasty following Craniectomy in Brunei Darussalam
Authors: Shie Caroline S.M. , Antony Dawn , Thien Ady
Published: September 2022

Objective Cranioplasty, commonly performed after decompressive craniectomy, is associated with significant complications. We aim to characterize the outcomes and complications post cranioplasty performed in Brunei Darussalam.

Methods and Materials We conducted a nationwide retrospective study of the patients who underwent cranioplasty. Patients who underwent cranioplasty by the Neurosurgical Department from January 2014 to June 2019 were included. Patients were excluded if they did not have a minimum of 30-days follow-up or the initial cranioplasty was performed elsewhere. Outcomes including complications post cranioplasty and 30-day and 1-year failure rates were assessed. All statistical analyses were performed with SPSS version 20 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, New York, USA). The χ2 test, Student's t-test, and the Mann–Whitney U test were performed for nominal, normally, and non-normally distributed variables, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess predictors for complications and cranioplasty failure.

Results Seventy-seven patients with a median age of 48 (interquartile range, 37–61) years were included. Most cranioplasties used autologous bone (70/77, 90.9%). Infection and overall complication rates were 3.9% and 15.6%, respectively. Cranioplasty failure (defined as removal or revision of cranioplasty) rate was 9.1%. Previous cranial site infection post craniectomy was associated with cranioplasty failure (odds ratio: 12.2, 95% confidence interval [1.3, 114.0], p=0.028).

Conclusions Cranioplasty is generally associated with significant complications, including reoperation for implant failure. We highlighted that autologous bone cranioplasties can be performed with an acceptable low rate of infection, making it a viable first option for implant material.
Surgical Outcomes of Full-Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy in the Early Adoption Phase
Authors: Imoto Ryoji , Umakoshi Michiari , Yunoki Masatoshi , Tatano Masaki , Hirashita Koji , Yoshino Kimihiro , Nishimura Yasuhiko
Published: September 2022

Background We adopted full-endoscopic lumbar discectomy (FELD) in 2019 with the assistance of the Japanese Society for Minimally Invasive and Endoscopic Techniques of Spinal Neurosurgery (JASMETS). This study analyzed short-term outcomes in our initial FELD cases and compared them with microdiscectomy cases performed during the same period.

Methods FELD was performed in 21 patients over a period of 2 years and 6 months (15 men and 6 women; mean age, 57.0±17.0 years). The transforaminal approach was performed in 8 patients, the posterolateral approach in 3, and the interlaminar approach in 10. During the same period, microdiscectomy was performed in 30 patients. Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) and visual analog scale (VAS) scores, operation time, blood loss volume, complications, and incidence of lumbar disc herniation recurrence were compared between the groups.

Results Preoperative VAS and JOA scores did not significantly differ between the FELD and microdiscectomy groups. JOA and VAS scores significantly improved in both groups after surgery. Operation time and incidence of recurrence rate did not differ.

Conclusion Spine surgeons who adopt FELD can achieve good surgical outcomes similar to those of microdiscectomy, even in the early period. Participation in JASMETS seminars and training and proctoring by a certified endoscopic spine surgeon were instrumental in our experience.
A Historical Perspective on the Reversal of Anticoagulants
Authors: Salter Brittany , Crowther Mark
Published: September 2022

There has been a landmark shift in the last several decades in the management and prevention of thromboembolic events. From the discovery of parenteral and oral agents requiring frequent monitoring as early as 1914, to the development of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) that do not require monitoring or dose adjustment in the late 20th century, great advances have been achieved. Despite the advent of these newer agents, bleeding continues to be a key complication, affecting 2 to 4% of DOAC-treated patients per year. Bleeding is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Although specific reversal agents for DOACs have lagged the release of these agents, idarucizumab and andexanet alfa are now available as antagonists. However, the efficacy of these reversal agents is uncertain, and complications, including thrombosis, have not been adequately explored. As such, guidelines continue to advise the use of nonspecific prohemostatic agents for patients requiring reversal of the anticoagulant effect of these drugs. As the indications for DOACs and the overall prevalence of their use expand, there is an unmet need for further studies to determine the efficacy of specific compared with nonspecific pro-hemostatic reversal agents. In this review, we will discuss the evidence behind specific and nonspecific reversal agents for both parenteral and oral anticoagulants.
Rotational Thromboelastometry Predicts Transfusion Requirements in Total Joint Arthroplasties
Authors: Tsantes Andreas G. , Papadopoulos Dimitrios V. , Roustemis Anastasios G. , Trikoupis Ioannis G. , Piovani Daniele , Tsante Konstantina A. , Mantzios Petros G. , Mavrogenis Andreas F. , Sokou Rozeta , Kokoris Styliani I. , Kriebardis Anastasios G. , Papagelopoulos Panayiotis J. , Bonovas Stefanos , Tsantes Argirios E.
Published: September 2022

The frequency of red blood cell (RBC) transfusions is high in total joint arthroplasties, and the hemorrhagic risk is associated with both surgery- and patient-related factors. This study aims to assess the ability of rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) to identify patients at high risk for transfusion and excessive bleeding. A prospective observational study was conducted including 206 patients who underwent total knee or hip arthroplasties. Assessment of the coagulation status was performed preoperatively and immediately postoperatively using ROTEM analysis and conventional coagulation tests. The number of RBC transfusions and the postoperative hemoglobin drop were recorded. ROTEM findings were compared between transfused and nontransfused patients, and also between patients with and without excessive bleeding. Higher values of postoperative FIBTEM maximum clot firmness (MCF) were associated with lower risks of transfusion (odds ration [OR]: 0.66, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.57–0.78, p<0.001) and excessive bleeding (OR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.36–0.94, p=0.028). A postoperative FIBTEM MCF value ≤10mm had 80.1% (95% CI: 73.1–85.9%) sensitivity with 75.5% (95% CI: 60.4–87.1%) specificity to predict transfusion requirements, and 70.5% (95% CI: 63.6–76.8%) sensitivity with 88.8% (95% CI: 51.7–99.7%) specificity to predict excessive bleeding. The estimated average probability of transfusion in patients with FIBTEM MCF values of 0 to 4mm is 86.3%. ROTEM assay demonstrated high predictive ability for transfusion and excessive bleeding. Identification of patients at risk for transfusion could allow blood banks to ensure adequate blood supply, while also more intense blood-salvaging strategies could be implemented in these patients.
Investigating a Signal of Acquired Hemophilia Associated with COVID-19 Vaccination: A Systematic Case Review
Authors: Franchini Massimo , Cappello Emiliano , Valdiserra Giulia , Bonaso Marco , Moretti Ugo , Focosi Daniele , Tuccori Marco
Published: September 2022

Acquired hemophilia A (AHA), a rare but life-threatening disorder, most commonly occurs in older people and during pregnancy. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination campaign, an unexpected number of newly diagnosed AHA patients have been identified in clinical practice that were temporally related to COVID-19 vaccination. We present the result of a signal detection analysis aimed at exploring a possible association between COVID-19 immunization and occurrence of AHA. A disproportionality analysis on the World Health Organization (WHO) database was performed to investigate the presence of a signal of risk for AHA associated with COVID-19 vaccines. Reports of AHA associated with any COVID-19 vaccine included in the WHO database were then integrated with those available on the Food and Drug Administration Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System and those published in the medical literature. The WHO database included 146 reports of AHA. The information component (IC) was significant for the association of AHA with all COVID-19 vaccines (IC025: 1.1) and with the vaccine product BNT162b2 (IC025: 1.6). After duplicate exclusion, 96 unique cases of AHA following COVID-19 vaccines have been reviewed. Median time to diagnosis was 18 days and 40% of cases documented the occurrence after the second dose. Overall, in 57% of the investigated cases, a preexisting condition predisposing to AHA was excluded. About 22% of cases occurred in subjects with age ≤65 years and there was no case associated with pregnancy. Mortality was 11%. Although we cannot exclude that the unexpected frequency of AHA diagnosis can be explained by a detection bias, the signal for COVID-19 vaccine-related AHA is robust and deserves further investigations.
Generating Anti-TIGIT and CD155 Monoclonal Antibodies for Tumor Immunotherapy
Authors: Duan Yu-Hang , Bian Yan-lin , Zhu Jian-Wei
Published: September 2022

Many studies have confirmed that the human poliovirus receptor (PVR; CD155) is related to tumor cell migration, invasion, and thus tumor progression. A PVR receptor binds its ligand T cell Ig and the ITIM domain (TIGIT) to inhibit the function of T and NK cells, thereby allowing tumors to evade immune surveillance. In this study, two IgG1 monoclonal antibodies, anti-CD155 and anti-TIGIT, were expressed by the mammalian transient transfection system, then, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, antibody-binding affinity, and antitumor efficacy were evaluated subsequently in vitro. In this work, protein A affinity chromatography was used for antibodies' purification. Analysis methods included Western blot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and flow cytometry. Our data suggested that both the two monoclonal antibodies have a purity of higher than 90%, and bound tightly to the antigen with dissociation constant (K
d) and 50% effective concentrations (EC50) below micromolar range. Most notably, these antibodies promote antitumor activity of immune cells in vitro. Therefore, our study laid down the foundation for subsequent in vivo experiments for further evaluation.
Social Determinants of Health and Risk of Stillbirth in the United States
Authors: Adams April , Dongarwar Deepa , Shay Lena , Baroni Mariana , Williams Eunique , Ehieze Priscilla , Wilson Rhanna , Awoseyi Alexia , Salihu Hamisu M.
Published: September 2022

Objective Our aim was to evaluate the impact of social determinants of health (SDoH) risk factors on stillbirth among pregnancy-related hospitalizations in the United States.

Study Design We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of delivery-related hospital discharges using annualized data (2016–2017) from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project's Nationwide Inpatient Sample. The International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision ICD-10-CM codes were used to select women with singleton stillbirth. Z-codes were utilized to identify SDoH risk factors and their subtypes. The association between SDoH risk factors and stillbirth was assessed using survey logistic regression models.

Results We analyzed 8,148,646 hospitalizations, out of which 91,140 were related to stillbirth hospitalizations, yielding a stillbirth incidence of 1.1%. An increased incidence was observed for non-Hispanic (NH) Blacks (1.7%) when compared with NH Whites (1.0%). The incidence of stillbirth was greater in hospitalizations associated with SDoH risk factors compared with those without risk factors [2.0% vs. 1.1% (p <0.001)]. Among patients with SDoH risk factors, the rate of stillbirth was highest in those designated as NH other (3.0%). Mothers that presented with SDoH risk factors had a 60% greater risk of stillbirth compared with those without (odds ratio [OR] = 1.61 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.33–1.95], p < 0.001). The SDoH issues that showed the most significant risk for stillbirth were: occupational risk (OR = 7.05 [95% CI: 3.54–9.58], p < 0.001), upbringing (OR = 1.87 [95% CI: 1.23–2.82], p < 0.001), and primary support group and family (OR = 5.45 [95% 3.84–7.76], p < 0.001).

Conclusion We found pregnancies bearing SDoH risk factors to be associated with a 60% elevated risk for stillbirth. Future studies should target a variety of risk reduction strategies aimed at modifiable SDoH risk factors that can be widely implemented at both the population health level as well as in the direct clinical setting.

Key Points
One Hundred Years of Congenital Fibrinogen Disorders
Authors: Casini Alessandro , Moerloose Philippe de , Neerman-Arbez Marguerite
Published: September 2022

Congenital fibrinogen disorders encompass a broad range of fibrinogen defects characterized by a wide molecular and clinical spectrum. From the first clinical description of afibrinogenemia in 1920, many major achievements have contributed to a better understanding of these complex disorders. The finding of causative mutations in all three fibrinogen genes has contributed to reveal the molecular mechanisms involved in biosynthesis of the fibrinogen molecule and to clarify the basic processes of fibrin polymerization and fibrinolysis. The compilation of abundant cases with detailed genetic, biological, and clinical features has enabled the classification of congenital fibrinogen disorders into several types and subtypes. Thus, the recent classification of congenital fibrinogen disorder is based not only on the clottable and antigenic fibrinogen levels but also on the patient's clinical phenotype and genotype. Fibrinogen supplementation is the cornerstone of bleeding management in fibrinogen disorders. Since the discovery of blood fractionation, the method of production of fibrinogen concentrate has been progressively modified to significantly improve purity and safety. Nevertheless, the availability of such products is still limited to a few countries and the optimal threshold of fibrinogen to target is still not established. In this review, we describe the major advances that have characterized 100 years of congenital fibrinogen disorders, focusing on afibrinogenemia and dysfibrinogenemia.
Esophageal Perforation into the Pericardium in a 3-Year-Old Child with Esophageal Stricture: A Rare Complication Following Esophageal Dilatation
Authors: Nasser Abdulrahman , Nassir Raif , Awan Muhammad Younas , AlShawa Mohammad Anas , Habib Zakaria
Published: September 2022

Perforation of the esophagus during dilatation is a rare complication that might cause mortality. We present the report of a 3-year-old girl who was diagnosed with B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia at 17 months of age. She experienced a complicated clinical course after chemotherapy was initiated, which included mucositis and acute pericarditis. She later developed an acquired esophageal stricture and tracheoesophageal fistula, which were managed with resection and primary anastomosis when she was in remission. Postoperatively, the patient developed a leak, which was treated conservatively. She subsequently developed a stricture that was treated successfully. On the fourth dilatation attempt and after she was sent home, she presented with persistent vomiting and low-grade fever and became vitally unstable on the same day, after stabilization, upper gastroenterology contrast revealed contrast filling the pericardium. She was managed conservatively with close observation and serial echocardiograms and then discharged home on day 18 in good condition after complete resolution of the pericardial effusion.
Boundary-free spin torque nano-oscillators based on ferrimagnetic skyrmions
Authors: Shen Laichuan , Zhou Yan , Shen Ka
Published: September 2022

Skyrmion-based spin torque nano-oscillators have great potential as microwave signal generators in communication technology. In this work, we propose a spin torque nano-oscillator based on ferrimagnetic skyrmions, where the current-induced force can be easily balanced by the controllable Magnus force due to the ferrimagnetic nature, resulting in a stable motion around the edge of the area with applied current. The direction of such a motion is switchable by tuning the ferrimagnet across the compensation point. The oscillation frequency is found to rely on the magnetization and can exceed 1.5 GHz around the angular momentum compensation point. In contrast to previous proposals based on ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic skyrmions, our ferrimagnetic nano-oscillator does not require a shaped magnetic working layer, thus suggesting that the ferrimagnet could be a potential platform for building oscillator arrays and studying interaction between them.
Simulating the low-temperature, metastable electrochromism of Photosystem I: Applications to Thermosynechococcus vulcanus and Chroococcidiopsis thermalis
Authors: Langley J. , Purchase R. , Viola S. , Fantuzzi A. , Davis G. A. , Shen Jian-Ren , Rutherford A. W. , Krausz E. , Cox N.
Published: September 2022

Low-temperature, metastable electrochromism has been used as a tool to assign pigments in Photosystem I (PS I) from Thermosynechococcus vulcanus and both the white light and far-red light (FRL) forms of Chroococcidiopsis thermalis. We find that a minimum of seven pigments is required to satisfactorily model the electrochromism of PS I. Using our model, we provide a short list of candidates for the chlorophyll f pigment in FRL C. thermalis that absorbs at 756 nm, whose identity, to date, has proven to be controversial. Specifically, we propose the linker pigments A40 and B39 and two antenna pigments A26 and B24 as defined by crystal structure 1JB0. The pros and cons of these assignments are discussed, and we propose further experiments to better understand the functioning of FRL C. thermalis.
Fine adjustments of thermo-vibrations between residues surrounding the active center in protein using dual artificial intelligence approaches and computer simulations
Authors: Nishiyama Katsuhiko
Published: September 2022

Adjustments of thermo-vibrations in proteins should be anticipated to provide novel helpful understanding of its properties. R111 and Q112 in the strand structure between the two domains of papain were repeatedly replaced to increase the thermo-vibration between residues surrounding its active center. This occurs due to collaborative activities composed of selections by deep neural network, verification by molecular dynamics simulations, and trainings of deep neural network by the verification results. The three replacements (R111Y-Q112K, R111C-Q112N, and R111W-Q112E) were found to increase the thermo-vibration and were expected to attain higher-temperature characteristics while at a normal temperature. The decision tree highlighted aromatic carbon and oxygen atoms in the 111th amino acid and carbon and nitrogen atoms in the 112th amino acid as influential factors. These atoms should be kept in mind to effectively carry out the collaborative activities.
Structure and dynamics of a 1,4-polybutadiene melt in an alumina nanopore: A molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Tannoury L. , Solar M. , Paul W.
Published: September 2022

We present results of molecular dynamics simulations of a chemically realistic model of 1,4-polybutadiene confined in a cylindrical alumina nanopore of diameter 10 nm. The simulations are done at three different temperatures above the glass transition temperature Tg. We investigate the density layering across the nanopore as well as the orientational ordering in the polymer melt, brought about by the confinement, on both the segmental and chain scales. For the chain scale ordering, the magnitude and orientation of the axes of the gyration tensor ellipsoid of single chains are studied and are found to prefer to align parallel to the pore axis. Even though double bonds near the wall are preferentially oriented along the pore walls, studying the nematic order parameter indicates that there is no nematic ordering at the melt–wall interface. As for the dynamics in the melt, we focus here on the mean-square-displacement of the monomers for several layers across the nanopore as well as the movement of the chain center of mass both of which display a slowing down of the dynamics in the layer at the wall. We also show the strong adsorption of the monomers to the pore wall at lower temperatures.
Negative corona discharge mechanism in C4F7N–CO2 and C4F7N–N2 mixtures
Authors: Gao Qingqing , Wang Xiaohua , Adamiak Kazimierz , Qi Xiangcheng , Yang Aijun , Liu Dingxin , Niu Chunping , Zhang Jiawei
Published: September 2022

Due to their good dielectric properties and low global warming potential, C4F7N–CO2 and C4F7N–N2 mixtures have shown promising potential to replace SF6 in high voltage gas insulated equipment. However, during manufacturing, installation, and transportation of power equipment, burs and metal particles can be inevitably left inside, and they can cause corona discharge. Fundamental investigation of the corona discharge mechanism is essential to monitor partial discharge signals in environmentally friendly power equipment. This paper applies the fluid model to investigate the discharge mechanism of C4F7N–CO2 and C4F7N–N2 mixtures in negative point-plane corona discharge. A 2D axisymmetric model combines the drift-diffusion equations for electrons, positive ions, and negative ions and Poisson’s equation to study the process of dynamics. The gas is a mixture of C4F7N (5%, 7%, or 13%) and CO2 or N2 (95%, 93%, or 87%). The rise time of the first discharge pulse in C4F7N–CO2 and C4F7N–N2 mixtures is about 0.1 ns. The interval time between the first and the second pulse in the 5% C4F7N–95%CO2 mixture is about 1.5 times longer than that in the 5% C4F7N–95% N2 mixture. When the C4F7N content is 7% and 13%, the interval time between the first and second pulses in C4F7N–CO2 mixtures is about 2 and 3 times longer than those in C4F7N–N2 mixtures, respectively. The suppression regions in C4F7N–CO2 mixtures are larger than those in corresponding C4F7N–N2 mixtures. The total number of electrons, positive ions, and negative ions in C4F7N–CO2 mixtures is higher than that in C4F7N–N2 mixtures, while the reduced electric field in C4F7N–CO2 mixtures is smaller than that in C4F7N–N2 mixtures.
First-principles study of detrimental iodine vacancy in lead halide perovskite under strain and electron injection
Authors: Xu Xin , Wu Zhenyuan , Zhao Zebin , Lu Zhengli , Gao Yujia , Huang Xi , Huang Jiawei , Zhang Zheyu , Cai Yating , Qu Yating , Cui Ni , Xie Weiguang , Shi Tingting , Liu Pengyi
Published: September 2022

Vacancy defects are universally regarded to be the main defect that limits the photoelectric conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells. In perovskite, iodine vacancy dominates the defect proportion due to its low formation energy. However, the defect property of iodine vacancy (VI) is still in dispute. Ideally, the VI defect is considered to be a shallow level defect near conduction band minimum, meaning that it does not act as a Shockley–Read–Hall (SRH) nonradiative recombination center. Herein, we find a direct correlation between compressive strain and VI defect behavior. The compressive strain along the lattice vector b/c direction will drive the VI defect from shallow level to deep level defect, which is related to the formation of Pb-dimer. In addition, the influence of extra electrons is also considered during the structural evolution of VI, which is often observed in the experiments. Therefore, we find that the elimination of compressive strain and extra electrons can be of great significance for improving the photoelectric performance of perovskite solar cells. Our work reveals the defect properties of VI from shallow level one to the SRH recombination center and the inherent physics mechanism of defect evolution under external factors, which provides a strategy to control device defects and eliminate recombination losses.
Efficient and improved prediction of the band offsets at semiconductor heterojunctions from meta-GGA density functionals: A benchmark study
Authors: Ghosh Arghya , Jana Subrata , Rauch Tomáš , Tran Fabien , Marques Miguel A. L. , Botti Silvana , Constantin Lucian A. , Niranjan Manish K. , Samal Prasanjit
Published: September 2022

Accurate theoretical prediction of the band offsets at interfaces of semiconductor heterostructures can often be quite challenging. Although density functional theory has been reasonably successful to carry out such calculations, efficient, accurate semilocal functionals are desirable to reduce the computational cost. In general, the semilocal functionals based on the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) significantly underestimate the bulk bandgaps. This, in turn, results in inaccurate estimates of the band offsets at the heterointerfaces. In this paper, we investigate the performance of several advanced meta-GGA functionals in the computational prediction of band offsets at semiconductor heterojunctions. In particular, we investigate the performance of r2SCAN (two times revised strongly constrained and appropriately normed functional), rMGGAC (revised semilocal functional based on cuspless hydrogen model and Pauli kinetic energy density functional), mTASK (modified Aschebrock and Kümmel meta-GGA functional), and local modified Becke–Johnson exchange-correlation functionals. Our results strongly suggest that these meta-GGA functionals for supercell calculations perform quite well, especially, when compared to computationally more demanding GW calculations. We also present band offsets calculated using ionization potentials and electron affinities, as well as band alignment via the branch point energies. Overall, our study shows that the aforementioned meta-GGA functionals can be used within the density functional theory framework to estimate the band offsets in semiconductor heterostructures with predictive accuracy.
Are we overlooking the obvious? Addressing social determinants of health that contribute to perinatal depression
Authors: Simhi Meital , Yoselis Aviva
Published: September 2022

Mental health disorders among women during the perinatal period are common and cause significant morbidity, yet precise reasons why some women develop depression during this period, and others do not, are, as yet, unknown. Pregnancy may burden populations of women differently, and sociological variables, such as finances, social position, interpersonal resources; and extreme events, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic for example, may be as significant as biological determinants. However, current treatment for depression remains focused on the individual woman as the main agent for change. Incorporating a systems-wide approach to diagnosing and treating perinatal depression by addressing structural and systemic determinants may be a more effective way to treat this illness. In this paper, we explore social determinants of health and their correlation with clinical depression in the antenatal period. We also investigate broader, society-wide interventions that may reduce this significant morbidity among women of reproductive age, in both developed and developing nations.
The country toad and the city toad: comparing morphology of invasive cane toads (Rhinella marina) from rural and urban environments
Authors: Komine Hirotaka , Yasumiba Kiyomi , Schwarzkopf Lin
Published: September 2022

Urbanization is a principal driver of global biodiversity loss. Although many studies have examined the impacts of urbanization on biodiversity, we are only beginning to study urbanization as an evolutionary force. Urban environments are hotspots for invasive species, but most previous studies have focused on phenotypic changes in native species responding to urbanization. Quantifying the phenotypic responses of invasive species to urbanization may help reveal mechanisms promoting invasion. There are, however, few studies investigating the phenotypic response of invasive species to urbanization. We compared morphological traits of invasive cane toads (Rhinella marina) between urban and rural areas in three cities in north-eastern Australia using generalized linear mixed models. We found that the parotoid glands, which are the major anti-predator defence of toads were smaller in urban than in rural populations. The tibiofibula length of males in urban populations was longer than those in rural populations, but females showed opposite trends, suggesting potential effects of urbanization on sexual dimorphism. These results demonstrate that urbanization drives morphological changes in invasive toads, suggesting they may adapt to urban environments rapidly.
Phenotypic and functional characteristics of highly differentiated CD57+NKG2C+ NK cells in HIV-1-infected individuals
Authors: Kristensen Anne B , Wragg Kathleen M , Vanderven Hillary A , Lee Wen Shi , Silvers Julie , Kent Helen E , Grant Michael D , Kelleher Anthony D , Juno Jennifer A , Kent Stephen J , Parsons Matthew S
Published: September 2022

Natural killer (NK) cells are important anti-viral effector cells. The function and phenotype of the NK cells that constitute an individual’s NK cell repertoire can be influenced by ongoing or previous viral infections. Indeed, infection with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) drives the expansion of a highly differentiated NK cell population characterized by expression of CD57 and the activating NKG2C receptor. This NK cell population has also been noted to occur in HIV-1-infected individuals. We evaluated the NK cells of HIV-1-infected and HIV-1-uninfected individuals to determine the relative frequency of highly differentiated CD57+NKG2C+ NK cells and characterize these cells for their receptor expression and responsiveness to diverse stimuli. Highly differentiated CD57+NKG2C+ NK cells occurred at higher frequencies in HCMV-infected donors relative to HCMV-uninfected donors and were dramatically expanded in HIV-1/HCMV co-infected donors. The expanded CD57+NKG2C+ NK cell population in HIV-1-infected donors remained stable following antiretroviral therapy. CD57+NKG2C+ NK cells derived from HIV-1-infected individuals were robustly activated by antibody-dependent stimuli that contained anti-HIV-1 antibodies or therapeutic anti-CD20 antibody, and these NK cells mediated cytolysis through NKG2C. Lastly, CD57+NKG2C+ NK cells from HIV-1-infected donors were characterized by reduced expression of the inhibitory NKG2A receptor. The abundance of highly functional CD57+NKG2C+ NK cells in HIV-1-infected individuals raises the possibility that these NK cells could play a role in HIV-1 pathogenesis or serve as effector cells for therapeutic/cure strategies.