bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: ERHALTUNGSSAETZE UND THERMODYNAMISCHE NEBENBEDINGUNGEN IN DER ELEKTROCHEMISCHEN KINETIK
Authors: LORENZ W.
Published: March 2016

Der Gültigkeitsbereich der elektrochemischen Kinetik läßt sich durch die Einbeziehung partieller Ladungsübergänge in die phänomenologische Reaktionsbeschreibung wesentlich erweitern.
ChemInform Abstract: PYROLYSIS OF HALODISILANES AND THE FORMATION AND INSERTION REACTIONS OF CHLOROSILYLENE AND FLUOROSILYLENE
Authors: JENKINS R. L. , VANDERWIELEN A. J. , RUIS S. P. , GIRD S. R. , RING M. A.
Published: March 2016

Die Pyrolyseuntersuchung der substituierten Disilane (I) bis (VI) zeigt, daß sich die Verbindungen in ein Silen und ein Silan zersetzen.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTRON TRANSFER BETWEEN SULFUR(IV) AND HEXAAQUOIRON(III) ION IN AQUEOUS PERCHLORATE SOLUTION, KINETICS AND MECHANISMS OF UNCATALYZED AND COPPER(II)‐CATALYZED REACTIONS
Authors: CARLYLE DAVID W. , ZECK OTTO F. JUN.
Published: March 2016

Die Oxidation von S(IV) durch Fe(III) läuft bei 25°C in wäßrigem sauren Perchloratmedium mit mäßiger Geschwindigkeit ab.
ChemInform Abstract: A SODIUM URANIUM BRONZE AND RELATED PHASES
Authors: GREAVES C. , CHEETHAM A. K. , FENDER B. E. F.
Published: March 2016

Von Na ‐, Ca2 ‐, Mg2 ‐ und In3 ‐Ionen treten nur die Na ‐Ionen in das Gitter ein und besetzen die Leerstellen des Gitters unter Bildung einer nichtmetallischen U‐ Bronze NaxUO3 (0 x 0,14).
ChemInform Abstract: SELECTIVITIES IN 1,2,3‐TRIAZOLIDE DISPLACEMENTS OF HALIDES AND ADDITIONS TO ALKYNES
Authors: TANAKA Y. , MILLER S. I.
Published: March 2016

Die Selektivität der Substitutionsreaktionen der Triazole (I) mit Chlorcarbonsäureestern wie z.B. (II) in Gegenwart z.B. von Na‐methylat in Äthanol bzw. DMF oder anderer entsprechender Systeme zu den Triazolen des Typs (II) und (III) wird untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: THE NATURE OF THE BASE‐INDUCED DECOMPOSITION OF THE P‐TOLUENESULFONYLHYDRAZONE OF TRICYCLO(3,2,1,0(3,6))OCTAN‐2‐ONE
Authors: FREEMAN P. K. , ZIEBARTH T. D. , MALLIKARJUNA RAO V. N.
Published: March 2016

Bei der Thermolyse des Tosylhydrazons (I) erhält man die beiden Kohlenwasserstoffe (II) und (III) sowie den Äther (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: MARINE NATURAL PRODUCTS OF THE ATLANTIC ZONE PART 6, BASE‐CATALYSED REARRANGEMENT OF TAONDIOL
Authors: GONZALEZ ANTONIO G. , ALVAREZ MIGUEL A. , DARIAS JOSE , MARTIN JULIO D.
Published: March 2016

Es wird gezeigt, daß beim Erhitzen von Taondiol (I) mit methanolischem KOH Isotaondiol, das C‐6a‐Methyl‐Epirnere von Taondiol (I) entsteht.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,5‐DIENES FROM ALLYLIC ALCOHOLS AND CARBONYL COMPOUNDS BY SUCCESSIVE CLAISEN REARRANGEMENT, WITTIG REACTION, AND COPE REARRANGEMENT, AN ATTEMPTED SYNTHESIS OF ′PROPYLURE′
Authors: COOKSON RICHARD C. , HUGHES NORMAN W.
Published: March 2016

Es wurden zunächst drei Vorversuche zur Darstellung des Sexualpheromons "Propylure" untemommen, um die Effizienz des angestrebten Syntheseweges zu testen.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐ARYLMETHYLENEINDOLIN‐3‐ONES, PHOTODIMERISATION TO CYCLOBUTANE DERIVATIVES
Authors: HOOPER MALCOLM , PITKETHLY WILLIAM N.
Published: March 2016

Die Bestrahlung des Indolinons (Ia) in Benzol, Tetrachlorkohlenstoff oder Methanol liefert das Cyclobutan‐Derivat (IIa).
ChemInform Abstract: CHROMIUM TRIOXIDE‐3,5‐DIMETHYLPYRAZOLE COMPLEX AS A REAGENT FOR OXIDATION OF ALCOHOLS TO CARBONYL COMPOUNDS
Authors: COREY E. J. , FLEET G. W. J.
Published: March 2016

3,5‐Dimethyl‐pyrazol (I) und Chromtrioxid (II) geben ein Addukt (III), das mit Alkoholen unter Komplexbildung, z.B. gemäß (IV), glatt in einer Oxidationsreaktion zu den entsprechenden Oxo‐Verbindungen reagiert.
ChemInform Abstract: HOMOGENEOUS SELECTIVE HYDROGENATION OF 1,3‐OR 1,4‐DIENES TO MONOENES BY (C5H5)2MOH2 AS CATALYST
Authors: NAKAMURA A. , OTSUKA S.
Published: March 2016

Das Cyclopentadienylmolybdänhydrid (I) stellt einen selektiven Katalysator zur Hydrierung von konjugierten cyclischen Dienen dar.
ChemInform Abstract: REDUCTIVE ELIMINATION OF BROMINE FROM 1,2‐DIBROMOALKANES
Authors: POSNER G. H. , TING J. S.
Published: March 2016

Die Reaktion der 1,2‐Dibrom‐alkane (I) mit Lithium‐dimethyl‐ oder ‐di‐n‐butyl‐cuprat(I) in Diäthyläther liefert die Alkene (II).
ChemInform Abstract: N‐NITROSATION BY NITRITE ION IN NEUTRAL AND BASIC MEDIUM
Authors: KEEFER L. K. , ROLLER P. P.
Published: March 2016

Die Nitrosierung von sekundären Aminen gelingt nicht nur in saurem Milieu, sondern auch unter neutralen bis schwach alkalischen Bedingungen (pH 6,4 ‐ 1 1) in Gegenwart von Formaldehyd.
ChemInform Abstract: EFFECT OF SUBSTITUENTS IN THE OXIDATIVE DECARBOXYLATION OF ALPHA,BETA‐UNSATURATED ACIDS, VINYL CATIONS BY OXIDATION OF VINYL RADICALS
Authors: DANIELI B. , RONCHETTI F. , RUSSO G.
Published: March 2016

Bei der oxidativen Decarboxylierung der Zimtsäuren (I) mit Bleitetraacetat bilden sich die Verbindungen (II) und (III).
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF LITHIUM TRIALKYLVINYLBORATES AND OXIRANES. A NOVEL SYNTHESIS OF 1,4‐DIOLS
Authors: UTIMOTO K. , UCHIDA K. , NOZAKI H.
Published: March 2016

Tributylbor (I) und Vinyllithium (II) geben das Addukt (III), das mit den Oxiranen (IVa) und (IVb) zu den Zwischenstufen (V) reagiert, die glatt über (VI) in die Diole (VII) übergehen.
ChemInform Abstract: DARST. VON ALLENDERIVATEN AUS ACETATEN VON PROPARGYLALKOHOLEN 3. MITT. RK. VON METHYLMAGNESIUMJODID MIT ALPHA,ALPHA′‐DIFUNKTIONELLEN ACETYLEN‐VERBINDUNGEN. SYNTH. VON ALPHA‐JODIERTEN ALPHA‐ALLENALKOHOLEN
Authors: BAUDOUY RENE , GORE JACQUES , ROUMESTANT MARIE‐LOUISE
Published: March 2016

Die aus den Acetylenen (Ia) über die Ag‐Acetylide (Ib) und die Ketone (Ic) erhältlichen Alkohole (IIa) reagieren mit Methylmagnesiumjodid zu den Allenalkoholen (III) und den Propargylalkoholen (IV), während die Acetate (IIb) bei der gleichen Reaktion neben (III) und seinem Acetat die Verbindungen (V) und (VI) geben.
ChemInform Abstract: 2,3‐DISUBSTITUIERTE ACROLEINE 1. MITT. SYNTHESE DURCH ANIONENAUSTAUSCHERHARZ‐KATALYSIERTE ALDEHYDKONDENSATION
Authors: COSSU‐JOUVE MICHELE , SAVON MARIE‐CHRISTINE , UCCIANI EUGENE
Published: March 2016

Von den Anionenaustauscherharzen Dowex 1, Dowex 3, Amberlite IRA 400, Amberlite IR 45 und Amberlite IR 4B eignet sich das letzte am besten als Katalysator für die Selbstkondensation von Heptanal (I).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESE SPERRIGER ALIPHATISCHER KETONE. RK. VON ORGANOLITHIUMVERBINDUNGEN MIT 4,4‐DIMETHYL‐DELTA(2)‐OXAZOLINEN. ADDITION VON ORGANOMETALLVERBINDUNGEN AN 4,4‐DIMETHYL‐DELTA(2)‐OXAZOLINIUMSALZE
Authors: LION C. , DUBOIS J. E.
Published: March 2016

Die aus den Säuren (I) mit dem Aminoalkohol (II) dargestellten Oxazoline (III) reagieren mit den Li‐Verbindungen (IV) nach Hydrolyse der intermediären Enamine (V) zu den Ketonen (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: NEW OLEFIN AND CARBON MONOXIDE INSERTION REACTIONS ON NICKEL CATALYSTS
Authors: CHIUSOLI GIAN PAOLO , COMETTI GIUSEPPE , BELLOTTI VITTORIO
Published: March 2016

Durch Reaktion der Allylchloride (I) mit Äthylen (II) und CO in Aceton/Wasser in Gegenwart von Ni(CO)4 im Autoklaven entstehen neben zahlreichen Nebenprodukten (auch Cyclopenten‐Derivaten) hauptsächlich die Carbonsäuren (III).
ChemInform Abstract: GAMMA‐KETOACID DERIVATIVES
Authors: WENKERT E. , MCPHERSON C. A. , SANCHEZ E. L. , WEBB R. L.
Published: March 2016

Der Cyclohexenyläther (I) liefert über die Cyclopropanderivate (III) die Cyclohexanone (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: ZUGANG ZU 1‐ACYL‐CYCLOPROPENEN, UEBERTRAGUNG VON METHYLEN AUF ACETYLENDERIVATE, ORGANOMETALLIERUNGS‐RK. VON CYCLOPROPENYL‐LITHIUM, PHOTOLYSE VON 3‐ACYL‐5,5‐DIMETHYL‐PYRAZOLENINEN
Authors: DUMONT CLAUDE , VIDAL MICHEL
Published: March 2016

Die Reaktion der Alkohole (I) mit Jodmethylen in Gegenwart von Zn‐Cu führt zur Übertragung von einem oder zwei Methylenen, wobei die Ketone (II) und die Enone (III) gebildet werden.
ChemInform Abstract: THE RH2(CO)4CL2 CATALYSED REARRANGEMENT OF 7‐OXANORBORNADIENES TO 6‐HYDROXYFULVENES
Authors: HOGEVEEN H. , MIDDELKOOP T. B.
Published: March 2016

Das Oxa‐norbornadien‐Derivat (I) reagiert mit dem Rhodium‐Katalysator (II) zum ‐ Acetylcyclopentadien (III?‐′IV).
ChemInform Abstract: RING EXPANSIONS AND CONTRACTIONS WITH DIAZONIUM BETAINES PART 1, SYNTHESIS OF KETONES BY RING EXPANSION OF METHYLENECYCLOALKANES WITH ARENESULFONYL AZIDES
Authors: WOHL R. A.
Published: March 2016

Methylencycloalkane (I) oder die isomeren Cycloalkene (II) reagieren mit den Sulfonylaziden (III) zu den Iminen (IV), die zu den Ketonen (V) verseift werden.
ChemInform Abstract: PYROLYSIS OF N,N,N‐TRIMETHYL‐3‐HOMOADAMANTYLAMMONIUM HYDROXIDE AND N,N‐DIMETHYL‐3‐AMINOHOMOADAMANTANE N‐OXIDE. EVIDENCE FOR BRIDGEHEAD HOMOADAMANTENE
Authors: ADAMS BENJAMIN L. , KOVACIC PETER
Published: March 2016

Bei der thermischen Zersetzung des Homoadamantanderivats (Ia) wird ein Gemisch der Verbindungen (IIa) (43%), (III) (1 1%), (IV) (5%) und (V) (0,3%) sowie ein Dimerengemisch (VI) erhalten; letzteres besteht aus 4 Komponenten mit Cyclobutan‐Struktur, deren Ramanspektren untersucht werden.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. VON ALPHA‐AMINOALDEHYDEN DURCH RED. VON ALPHA‐AMINOESTERN UND ALPHA‐AMINOAMIDEN
Authors: DUHAMEL LUCETTE , DUHAMEL PIERRE , SIRET PATRICE
Published: March 2016

Durch partielle LiAlH4‐Reduktion der Amide (I) in Diäthyläther bei ‐12°C und nachfolgend Hydrolyse der entstehenden Alkoholate lassen sich die Aminoaldehyde (II) darstellen; als Nebenprodukte entstehen meist entsprechende Aminoalkohole.
ChemInform Abstract: ALPHA‐SUBSTITUIERTE PHENYLACETANILIDE, HEMMUNG DER HILL‐REAKTION UND PHYTOTOXIZITAET
Authors: BORGNA P. , CALDERARA G. , PONCI R.
Published: March 2016

Durch Acylierung entsprechender Aniline werden die Anilide (I)‐(III) erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: NEW LOSSEN REARRANGEMENT PRECURSORS, THE RELATIVE RATES OF REARRANGEMENT OF NITROPHENYLBENZHYDROXAMATES IN AQUEOUS BASE
Authors: SWENSON J. S. , DAVIS A. M. , DEYO R. A. , GRAHAM B. W. , JAHN E. P. , MATTICE J. D.
Published: March 2016

Im Zusammenhang mit Untersuchungen über Austrittsgruppen bei der Lossenschen Umlagerung werden aus dem Benzhydroxamat (Ia) über die Alkaliverbindung (Ib) die O‐Äther (III) hergestellt und untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: THIOIMIDATES AND KETENE MERCAPTALS FROM KETENIMINES
Authors: BARKER M. W. , LAUDERDALE S. C. , WEST J. R.
Published: March 2016

Aus den Keteniminen (I) erhält man mit den Thioverbindungen (II) die Addukte (III) in siedendem Benzol, während um 170°C eine doppelte Reaktion zu den Ketendimercaptalen (IV) erfolgt unter Eliminierung von Amin (V).
ChemInform Abstract: UMSETZUNG VON 2,4‐DIOXO‐ UND 2‐OXO‐4‐THIOXO‐5,6‐BENZODIHYDRO‐1,3‐OXAZINEN MIT AMINEN
Authors: WAGNER G. , LEISTNER S.
Published: March 2016

Die Umsetzung der Dioxo‐benzodihydro‐oxazine (I) mit den Aminen (II) führt zu den Hanrstoffderivaten (III).
ChemInform Abstract: ATTEMPTED SYNTHESES OF TRANS‐15‐METHYL‐15,16‐DIHYDROPYRENE
Authors: BOEKELHEIDE V. , CHUNG HSIUNG TSAI CHUNG HSIUNG TSAI
Published: March 2016

2,6‐Bis‐brommethyl‐toluol (I) kondensiert mit dem Xylylendimercaptan (II) zum cyclischen Disulfid (III), das bei der Hofmann‐Eliminierung durch Behandlung mit Dimethoxymethan‐tetrafluoroborat und dann mit tert.‐Butylat über (IV) in (V) übergeht, das über (VI) letztlich das Pyren (VII) gibt.
ChemInform Abstract: ACYLATING AGENTS AS CATALYSTS IN THE SEMMLER‐WOLFF AROMATISATION
Authors: MANNERING G. C. , KEENE B. R. T.
Published: March 2016

Bei der Aromatisierung der Oximacetate von Tetralon‐l (I) in chlorwasserstoffgesättigtem Sulfolan bei 100°C bildet sich α‐Naphthylamin (II) in einer Ausbeute von 6,8‐3l%.
ChemInform Abstract: ZUR STRUKTUR VON NAPHTHYL‐ALKENON‐OXIMEN 11. MITT. UEBER UNGESAETTIGTE OXIME
Authors: UNTERHALT B. , PINDUR U.
Published: March 2016

1‐Naphthaldehyd (I) und 2‐Naphthaldehyd (V) kondensieren mit den Ketonen (II) in wäß?g alkalischer Lösung zu den ungesättigten Ketonen (III) und (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: EIN KONTINUIERLICHES VERFAHREN ZUR HERST. VON EPICHLORHYDRIN
Authors: KYAZIMOV SH. K. , RZAEVA A. S. , PONOMAREVA G. Z.
Published: March 2016

Die kombinierte Oxidation von Allylchlorid (I) und Acetaldehyd (II) mit Luftsauerstoff von Atmosphärendruck bei 120‐160°C in Dimethylphthalat als Lösungsmittel wird in einem Durchflußreaktor untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: AN ANOMALOUS REACTION OF METHADONE WITH CHLOROFORMATE ESTERS
Authors: CHATTERJIE N. , INTURRISI C. E.
Published: March 2016

Methadon (II) reagiert mit den Chlorkohlensäureestern (IIIa) und (IIIb) über die Zwischenstufen (IV) zum Eliminierungsprodukt (V), das allerdings nicht mit Methylamin zu (VI) umgesetzt werden konnte.
ChemInform Abstract: DIFFERENT OXIDATION PATHWAYS WITH VARIOUS MNO2 TYPES, ANOMALOUS REACTION WITH GIBBERELLIC ACID
Authors: KOBRINA N. S. , SEREBRYAKOV E. P. , KUCHEROV V. F. , ADAM G. , VOIGT B.
Published: March 2016

Die Oxidation der Titelverbindung (I) mit neutralem Mn‐dioxid in Aceton bei 20‐23°C liefert neben kleinen Mengen der Oxocarbonsäure (V) die Lactone (II), (III) und (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: ZUR AMINOMETHYLIERUNG VON ISOINDOLINDERIVATEN
Authors: ROTH H. J. , SCHWARZ D.
Published: March 2016

Die Dreikomponentenreaktion von Verbindungen (I), Formaldehyd und sekundären Aminen führt zu den N‐Aminomethyl‐Derivaten (II) und nicht zu O‐Mannichbasen.
ChemInform Abstract: SOME 2‐NITROTHIAZOLES
Authors: BORTHWICK ALAN D. , FOXTON MICHAEL W. , GRAY BRIAN V. , GREGORY GORDON I. , SEALE PETER W. , WARBURTON WILLAM K.
Published: March 2016

Aus dem Nitrothiazolcarbaldehydoxim (I) wird durch Dehydratisierung das Nitril (II) dargestellt, das über das Carboxamidoxim (III) in das Thiazolyloxadiazol (IV) übergeführt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND ACID‐CATALYZED BRIDGE CLEAVAGE REACTIONS OF 6‐CHLORO‐8‐OXABICYCLO(3,2,1)OCTA‐2,5‐DIENES, A NOVEL SYNTHETIC ROUTE TO 4,5‐BENZTROPONES
Authors: RANKEN P. F. , HARTY B. J. , KAPICAK L. , BATTISTE M. A.
Published: March 2016

Das Addukt aus Tetrachlorcylopropen (I) und Furan (II) liefert mit Lithiumaluminiumhydrid in siedendem Tetrahydrofuran das Chloroxabicyclooctadien (III).
ChemInform Abstract: DIE UNTERSUCHUNG VON LACTAMEN 24. MITT. DIE RK. VON L‐5‐CARBAETHOXY‐O‐AETHYLBUTYROLACTIM MIT ALPHA‐AMINO‐ALPHA‐CYANACETAMID UND DIE SYNTH. VON L‐4‐MERCAPTO‐6H,7,8‐DIHYDROPYRROLO(1,2‐E)PURINYL‐8‐CARBONSAEURE
Authors: GLUSHKOV R. G. , GRANIK V. G. , VOLSKOVA V. A. , CHERNOV V. A. , MINAKOVA S. M.
Published: March 2016

Aus den Pyrrolidonen (I) werden durch Behandlung mit Triäthyloxoniumfluoroborat (II) und Alkali die Lactimäther (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: NEUE ANORGANISCHE RINGSYSTEME 15. MITT. DIE SECHSGLIEDRIGEN RINGSYSTEME P(III)SI2N3, (P(V)SI2N3)(+) UND P(V)SI2N3
Authors: FALIUS H. H. , GIESEN K. P. , WANNAGAT U.
Published: March 2016

Reaktionen der aus dem Diaminodisilazan (I) und den Phosphinen (II) in Gegenwart von Triäthylamin synthetisierten, luft‐ und feuchtigkeitsempfindlichen Phosphadisilatriazacyclohexan‐Verbindungen (III) werden untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: DIE SYNTH. UND DIE BIOLOGISCHE AKTIVITAET FUENFGLIEDRIGER ORGANISCHER HETEROCYCLEN. 1‐OXO‐1‐ALKOXYPHOSPHOLENE‐(2) UND ‐(3)
Authors: ARBUZOV B. A. , VISEL' A. O. , GINIYATULLIN R. S. , STUDENTSOVA I. A. , GARAEV R. S. , POMAZANOV V. V.
Published: March 2016

Durch Umsetzung der l‐Oxo‐1‐chlorphospholene (I) und (IV) mit den Alkoholen (II) in Gegenwart von Triäthylamin werden die Derivate (III) und (V) synthetisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: ALPHA‐DIAZOMERCURIALS, SYNTHESIS AND PHOTOCHEMISTRY
Authors: VALENTY S. J. , SKELL P. S.
Published: March 2016

Aus den Organoquecksilberverbindungen (Ia) entstehen über die Äthoxy‐ bzw. Hydroxy‐Verbindungen (Ib) bzw. (Ic) die Organomercuri‐diazoverbindungen (III), z.B. (IIIa)‐(IIId), die anschließend der Photolyse unterworfen werden.
ChemInform Abstract: BEITRAEGE ZUR CHEMIE DER ALKYLVERBINDUNGEN VON UEBERGANGSMETALLEN 12. MITT. VERSUCHE ZUR GEWINNUNG VON BENZYLVERBINDUNGEN DES NICKELS, KOBALTS UND EISENS
Authors: JACOB K. , WISWEDEL I. , ZEINE T. , THIELE K.‐H.
Published: March 2016

Versuche zur Benzylierung von Ni‐, Co‐ und Fe‐halogeniden, Triaryl‐ und Trialkylphosphin‐Komplexen von Ni‐ und Co‐halogeniden, Bis‐[cyclooctadien]‐Ni und Tetrakis‐[triphenylphosphin]‐Ni mit verschiedenen Benzylierungsreagenzien wie Benzyl‐Mghalogeniden, Benzyl‐Li oder Benzylchlorid werden berichtet.
ChemInform Abstract: THE SELECTIVE TRIOXIDATION OF 1,2,4‐ AND 1,3,5‐TRIFERROCENYLBENZENE
Authors: PITTMAN C. U. , SASAKI Y. , WILEMON G.
Published: March 2016

Aus den Tris‐ferrocenyl‐benzolen (I) und (III) entstehen unter verschiedenen Bedingungen mit Dichlordicyanochinon aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Reaktionsgeschwindigkeiten, mit der Mono‐ und Dioxidationsprodukte weiterreagieren, lediglich die Tris‐Oxidationsprodukte (II) bzw. (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: MIXED LIGAND COMPLEXES OF COBALT(III)
Authors: DEY K. , DE R. L.
Published: March 2016

Die Gemischt‐Liganden‐Komplexe des Typs (I) und (II) werden durch Reaktion von zuvor oxidierten Co(II)‐Schiffschen‐Basen‐Komplexen mit den entsprechenden zweizähnigen Liganden dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION PATHS AND MECHANISMS IN THE CATALYTIC CYCLOADDITION OF ALLENE OVER NICKEL(0) TEMPLATE SYSTEMS
Authors: OTSUKA SEI , TANI KAZUHIDE , YAMAGATA TSUNEAKI
Published: March 2016

Allen (I) cyclooligomerisiert bei leichtem Erwärmen in Benzol in Gegenwart von Dicyclooctadien‐(1,5)‐Nickel(0) [Ni(cod)2] und eines Austauschliganden (Triphenylphosphin, Tri‐n‐butylphosphin, Tri‐o‐tolyl‐phosphit, bei ‐78°C zugesetzt) zu den Ver‐ ′ bindungen (II)‐(IV) (Gesamtausbeute 93‐100%), in Abwesenheit eines zusätzlichen Liganden aber zu dem Pentameren (IV) als einzigem Produkt (52%).
ChemInform Abstract: PALLADIUM(II) COMPLEXES WITH SULPHONIUM YLIDES
Authors: BRAVO PIERFRANCESCO , FRONZA GIOVANNI , GAUDIANO GIORGIO , TICOZZI CALIMERO
Published: March 2016

Die Ylide (I) reagieren mit dem Benzonitril‐Pd(II)‐Komplex (II) zu den Ylid‐Pd(II)‐ Komplexen (III), denen im kristallinen Zustand aufgrund von IR‐spektroskopischen und röntgenographischen Untersuchungen eine quadratisch‐planare d,l‐trans‐Struktur zuerkannt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: THE TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF (+‐)‐ALPHA‐ UND (+‐)‐BETA‐PINENE, A GENERAL ROUTE TO BICYCLO(3,1,1)HEPTANES
Authors: THOMAS M. T. , FALLIS A. G.
Published: March 2016

Aus Hagemanns Ester (I) erhält man das Dithioketal (IIa), das zu (IIb) und (IIc) reduziert und acetyliert und dann zu (III) verseift wird.
ChemInform Abstract: CYCLOSEYCHELLENE, A NEW TETRACYCLIC SESQUITERPENE FROM POGOSTEMON CABLIN
Authors: TERHUNE S. J. , HOGG J. W. , LAWRENCE B. M.
Published: March 2016

Cycloseychellen besitzt die Struktur (I).
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW GENERAL SYNTHESIS OF ISOPRENOID CHAINS EMPLOYING THE REACTION OF DIALKYLCUPRATES WITH BETA‐ACETOXY ALPHA,BETA‐UNSATURATED ESTERS
Authors: CASEY C. P. , MARTEN D. F.
Published: March 2016

Der Alkohol (Ia) wird in das Bromid (Ib) übergeführt, das mit dem Dianion (II) von Acetessigsäuremethylester den Ketocarbonsäureester (III) liefert.
ChemInform Abstract: REDUCTION OF STEROIDAL KETONES WITH AMINOIMINOMETHANESULPHINIC ACID
Authors: HERZ JOSEF E. , DE MARQUEZ LILIA ALBERT
Published: March 2016

5oz‐Cholestanon‐(3) und 3β‐Hydroxy‐Sa‐cholestanon‐(ö) werden mit Aminoiminomethansulfinsäure in NaOH/Äthanol unter Rückflußkochen und anschließender HC Hydrolyse an der Ketofunktion unter Bildung von α‐β‐Isomerengemischen der entsprechenden Alkohole reduziert.
ChemInform Abstract: NOVEL BETA‐EPOXIDATION OF CHOLESTEROL AND ITS ANALOGS WITH FERRIC ACETYLACETONATE AND HYDROGEN PEROXIDE
Authors: TOHMA M. , TOMITA T. , KIMURA M.
Published: March 2016

Cho1esterol(IIa) liefert mit Persäuren das Epoxid (I), während aus (IIa) oder seinem Acetat (IIb) mit Wasserstoffperoxid in Gegenwart von Acetylacetonat in Acetonitril isomere Epoxide (IIIa) und (IIIb) erhalten werden.
ChemInform Abstract: IMPROVED ALDEHYDE SYNTHESIS, PREPARATION OF 3ALPHA,7ALPHA,12ALPHA‐TRIACETOXY‐5BETA‐CHOLAN‐23‐AL WITH RUTHENIUM TETROXIDE IN NEUTRAL MEDIUM
Authors: SHALON Y. , ELLIOTT W. H.
Published: March 2016

Die Umsetzung des Steroid‐Carbonsäureesters (I) mit überschüssigem Pheny1magnesiumbromid und anschließende Reaktion des erhaltenen Tetrols mit Essigsäureanhydrid/Essigsäure ergeben das Diphenyl‐Derivat (II), das mit Rutheniumtetroxid in saurem , Medium zur Carbonsäure (III) und in neutralem Medium zum Aldehyd (IV) abgebaut wird.
ChemInform Abstract: PROTECTION OF THE PHOSPHORYL GROUP IN OLIGONUCLEOTIDES IN THE FORM OF A DIANILIDATE. DIANILIDOPHOSPHOCHLORIDATE AS PHOSPHORYLATING AGENT
Authors: SMRT J.
Published: March 2016

Die Verwendung von Dianilidophosphorochlorid (I) gestattet die Einführung der Dianilinophosphorylschutzgruppe bei Nucleotidsynthesen.
ChemInform Abstract: NEW METABOLIC PRODUCTS OF ASPERGILLUS FLAVUS PART 4, 4′‐HYDROXY‐ASPERENTIN AND 5′‐HYDROXY‐ASPERENTIN 8‐METHYL ETHER
Authors: GROVE JOHN FREDERICK
Published: March 2016

Einem früher als Nebenprodukt aus Aspergillus flavus isolierten Metaboliten wird die Struktur (I) zugeordnet.
ChemInform Abstract: (22S)‐HYDROXYVITAMIN D4
Authors: CRUMP DOUGLAS R. , WILLIAMS DUDLEY H. , PELC BOHUMIL
Published: March 2016

Das aus Ergosterinacetat und 3,5‐Dioxo‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,4‐triazolin erhaltene Addukt (I) wird zu dem Epoxid (II) oxidiert, dessen Reduktion zu dem Diol (IIIa) führt.
ChemInform Abstract: ALKANEDIAZOATES PART 13, SYNTHESIS OF AZOXYALKANES, L‐DIHYDROELAIOMYCIN (4‐METHOXY‐3‐(OCTYL‐ONN‐AZOXY)BUTAN‐2‐OL)
Authors: MOSS ROBERT A. , LEE THOMAS B. K.
Published: March 2016

Das aus L‐Threoninäthylesterhydrochlorid und Benzimidoäthylester erhaltene Oxazolin (Ia) wird mit LiAlH4 zu dem Alkohol (Ib) reduziert, dessen Tosylat (Ic) mit Na‐methylat in Methanol bei 52°C in den gewünschten Äther (Id) übergeführt wird; neben (Id) entsteht das Oxazol (II).
Hyperbolic model for the classical Navier‐Stokes equations
Authors: Abohadima Samir , Guaily Amr
Published: March 2016

A new formulation of the classical Navier‐Stokes equations is presented, which overcomes the equations' main disadvantage: being a mixed parabolic‐hyperbolic system. The new model is achieved by adopting the compressible codeformational time derivative in the stress‐strain constitutive relation, resulting in a consistency with the principle of material frame indifference. The main advantage of the new formulation is that the resulting system of equations is purely hyperbolic. The proposed formulation is used to model the benchmark problem of the shock/boundary layer/expansion fan interaction with an apparent degree of success.
Copper(I)‐Catalyzed 3‐Position Methylation of Coumarins by Using Di‐tert‐butyl Peroxide as the Methylation Reagents
Authors: Zhuang Huan , Zeng Runsheng , Zou Jianping
Published: March 2016

The copper‐catalyzed methylation of coumarin by using di‐tert‐butyl peroxide (DTBP) has been described. The reaction provides direct access to a wide range of 3‐methylcoumarins in moderate to good yields. In this procedure, it is noteworthy that DTBP was employed not only as the oxidant, but also as the methyl source.
Convenient Synthesis of Spiro[benzo[d]pyrrolo[2,1‐b]thiazole‐3,2′‐indenes] Derivatives via Three‐Component Reaction
Authors: Shen Guoliang , Sun Jing , Yan Chaoguo
Published: March 2016

The three‐component reaction of N‐phenacylbenzothiazolium bromides, aromatic aldehydes and indane‐1,3‐dione in ethanol at room temperature in the presence of triethylamine as base afforded functionalized spiro[benzo[d]pyrrolo[2,1‐b]thiazole‐3,2′‐indenes] in good yields and with high diastereoselectivity. The 1H NMR data and single crystal structure clearly indicated that the obtained spiro compounds predominately have one diastereoisomer.
Kenyan endemic bird species at home in novel ecosystem
Authors: Habel Jan Christian , Teucher Mike , Rödder Dennis , Bleicher Marie‐Therese , Dieckow Claudia , Wiese Anja , Fischer Christina
Published: March 2016

Riparian thickets of East Africa harbor a large number of endemic animal and plant species, but also provide important ecosystem services for the human being settling along streams. This creates a conflicting situation between nature conservation and land‐use activities. Today, most of this former pristine vegetation is highly degraded and became replaced by the invasive exoticLantana camarashrub species. In this study, we analyze the movement behavior and habitat use of a diverse range of riparian bird species and model the habitat availability of each of these species. We selected the following four riparian bird species: Bare‐eyed ThrushTurdus tephronotus, Rufous ChattererTurdoides rubiginosus, Zanzibar Sombre GreenbulAndropadus importunus insularis,and the Kenyan endemic Hinde′s BabblerTurdoides hindei. We collected telemetric data of 14 individuals during a 2 months radio‐tracking campaign along the Nzeeu River in southeast Kenya. We found that (1) all four species had similar home‐range sizes, all geographically restricted and nearby the river; (2) all species mainly use dense thicket, in particular the invasiveL. camara; (3) human settlements were avoided by the bird individuals observed; (4) the birds' movement, indicating foraging behavior, was comparatively slow within thickets, but significantly faster over open, agricultural areas; and (5) habitat suitability models underline the relevance ofL. camaraas suitable surrogate habitat for all understoreyed bird species, but also show that the clearance of thickets has led to a vanishing of large and interconnected thickets and thus might have negative effects on the population viability in the long run.
A further cost for the sicker sex? Evidence for male‐biased parasite‐induced vulnerability to predation
Authors: Stephenson Jessica F. , Kinsella Cormac , Cable Joanne , van Oosterhout Cock
Published: March 2016

Males are typically the sicker sex. Data from multiple taxa indicate that they are more likely to be infected with parasites, and are less “tolerant,” or less able to mitigate the fitness costs of a given infection, than females. One cost of infection for many animals is an increased probability of being captured by a predator. A clear, hitherto untested, prediction is therefore that this parasite‐induced vulnerability to predation is more pronounced among males than females. We tested this prediction in the sexually size dimorphic guppy, Poecilia reticulata, in which females are typically larger than males. We either sham or experimentally infected guppies with Gyrodactylus turnbulli, elicited their escape response using an established protocol and measured the distance they covered during 60 ms. To discriminate between the effects of body size and those of other inherent sex differences, we size‐matched fish across treatment groups. Infection with G. turnbulli reduced the distance covered during the escape response of small adults by 20.1%, whereas that of large fish was unaffected. This result implies that parasite‐induced vulnerability to predation is male‐biased in the wild: although there was no difference in escape response between our experimentally size‐matched groups of males and females, males are significantly smaller across natural guppy populations. These results are consistent with Bateman's principle for immunity: Natural selection for larger body sizes and longevity in females seems to have resulted in the evolution of increased infection tolerance. We discuss the potential implications of sex‐ and size‐biased parasite‐induced vulnerability to predation for the evolutionary ecology of this host–parasite interaction in natural communities.
Reactivity of the Donor‐Stabilized Guanidinatosilylene [ArNC(NMe2)­NAr]Si[N(SiMe3)2] (Ar = 2,6‐Diiso­propylphenyl)
Authors: Mück Felix M. , Baus Johannes A. , Ulmer Anna , Burschka Christian , Tacke Reinhold
Published: March 2016

To get more information about the reactivity profile of the donor‐stabilized guanidinatosilylene [ArNC(NMe2)NAr]Si[N(SiMe3)2] (1; Ar = 2,6‐diisopropylphenyl), a series of test reactions was studied. Thus, treatment of 1 with Me3SiN3, (PhO)2P(O)N3, PhC(O)Ph, Me–C≡C–C≡C–Me, Ph–C≡C–C≡C–Ph, CO2, CS2, ZnCl2, or ZnEt2 yielded the respective products 9–17, all of which were characterized by elemental analyses, NMR spectroscopic investigations in the solid state and in solution, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies. The formation of compounds 9–17 is based on oxidative addition reactions (for 9–15) or Lewis acid/base reactions (for 16 and 17). In most cases, these typical silylene reactions are coupled with additional reactivity facets, which are correlated with the guanidinato or bis(trimethylsilyl)amido ligand of 1. According to these studies, silylene 1 proved to be a very useful building block with high synthetic potential for the preparation of new silicon(IV) and silicon(II) compounds, with quite novel structural motifs.
Spondyloocular Syndrome: Novel Mutations in XYLT2 Gene and Expansion of the Phenotypic Spectrum
Authors: Taylan Fulya , Costantini Alice , Coles Nicole , Pekkinen Minna , Héon Elise , Şıklar Zeynep , Berberoğlu Merih , Kämpe Anders , Kıykım Ertuğrul , Grigelioniene Giedre , Tüysüz Beyhan , Mäkitie Outi
Published: March 2016

Spondyloocular syndrome is an autosomal-recessive disorder with spinal compression fractures, osteoporosis, and cataract. Mutations in XYLT2, encoding isoform of xylosyltransferase, were recently identified as the cause of the syndrome. We report on 4 patients, 2 unrelated patients and 2 siblings, with spondyloocular syndrome and novel mutations in XYLT2. Exome sequencing revealed a homozygous nonsense mutation, NM_022167.3(XYLT2): c.2188C>T, resulting in a premature stop codon (p.Arg730*) in a female patient. The patient presents visual impairment, generalized osteoporosis, short stature with short trunk, spinal compression fractures, and increased intervertebral disc space and hearing loss. We extended our XYLT2 analysis to a cohort of 22 patients with generalized osteoporosis, mostly from consanguineous families. In this cohort, we found by Sanger sequencing 2 siblings and 1 single patient who were homozygous for missense mutations in the XYLT2 gene (p.Arg563Gly and p.Leu605Pro). The patients had osteoporosis, compression fractures, cataracts, and hearing loss. Bisphosphonate treatment in 1 patient resulted in almost complete normalization of vertebral structures by adolescence, whereas treatment response in the others was variable. This report together with a previous study shows that mutations in the XYLT2 gene result in a variable phenotype dominated by spinal osteoporosis, cataract, and hearing loss. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Chemical and mechanical properties of snake fangs
Authors: Jansen van Vuuren Ludwig , Kieser Jules A. , Dickenson Michelle , Gordon Keith C. , Fraser‐Miller Sara J.
Published: March 2016

The composition of dental tissues and their interaction determines its mechanical properties. The mechanical properties and chemical composition of the teeth of extant reptiles are still poorly studied areas. As a preliminary study the fangs of four species of snakes and a human tooth were investigated through nanoindentation and Raman spectroscopy. The average elastic modulus values for the main body of the fangs ranged from 15.3 GPa to 24.6 GPa, and 19.1 GPa for the human dentine. Raman spectroscopy and principal component analysis (PCA) showed that snake fangs are similar in composition to human dentine, both of which comprised of hydroxyapatite and an organic matrix. The elastic modulus and hardness data were correlated to the Raman spectra using partial least squares regression (PLS). The spectral features which correlated with the elastic modulus would suggest that elastic modulus is dependent on the relative protein to mineral amounts in the tooth. The form of the phosphate and the relative levels of phosphate to organic components also appear to be governing factors for elastic modulus. The PLS of Raman spectra against the hardness gave very similar results. The small differences between snake fangs and human dentine appeared to be because of carbonate content, with higher levels of carbonate in the human tooth than the snake fangs.

Snake fangs should be able to withstand large lateral forces. Human dentine aids in dissipating imposed loads. This similarity in the chemical composition of the snake fangs and human dentine supported the findings of the similarities in mechanical properties, which may be attributed to the similar functional demands of these biocomposites. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integrodifferential equations with applications to a plate equation with memory
Authors: de Andrade Bruno , Viana Arlúcio
Published: March 2016

In this paper we study local existence, uniqueness, and continuous dependence of an abstract integrodifferential equation. We also present a result on unique continuation and a blow‐up alternative for mild solutions of the integrodifferential equation. Finally, we apply our results to an interesting strongly damped plate equation with memory.
Structural Hierarchy and Polymorphic Transformation in Shear‐Induced Shish‐Kebab of Stereocomplex Poly(Lactic Acid)
Authors: Xie Lan , Xu Huan , Li Zhong‐Ming , Hakkarainen Minna
Published: March 2016

The realization of hierarchical shish‐kebab structures for stereocomplex poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is achieved by the application of a shear flow (100 s–1 for 1 s) mimicking what can be expected during polymer processing. Compared to the normal shearing scenarios, this transient and strong shear flow enables the creation of dense shish precursors in time‐ and energy‐saving manner. The distribution of crystal form associated with the hierarchical structure is revealed by 2D Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy imaging, creating a unique visualization for both spatial resolution and polymorphism identification. Interestingly, in the shear stereocomplex chains are preferentially extended and crystallized as stable central cores with weak temperature dependence, whereas the development of lateral kebabs is defined by the distinct relation to the crystallization temperature. Below the melting point of homocrystals, both homo and stereocomplex crystallization are engaged in lamellar packing. Above that, exclusive stereocomplex crystals are organized into ordered lamellae. Combining the direct observations at multiscale, the ordered alignment of stereocomplex chains is recognized as the molecular origin of fibrillar extended chain bundles that constitute the central row‐nuclei. The proposed hypothesis affords elucidation of shish‐kebab formation and unique polymorphism in sheared stereocomplex PLA, which generates opportunities for engendering hierarchically structured PLA with improved performance.

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Multifunctional Hydrogels with Temperature, Ion, and Magnetocaloric Stimuli‐Responsive Performances
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Qiao , Yang Shengyang , Wang Cai‐Feng , Chen Li , Chen Su
Published: March 2016

In this work, multifunctional hydrogels with vivid color change and shrinking–swelling response to temperature, ion strength, and alternating magnetic field are fabricated via magnetic assembly. The hydrogels show gradual shift colors from yellowish green to green, cyan, blue, purple, and even reddish violet in response to temperature or ion strength. In the response process, the whole color modulation process is fully reversible and transferable along with a relative short response time. Especially, the magnetism and porous structure of the hybrid hydrogel enable it to be a potential carrier for hydrophobic molecules. Taking advantage of the magnetocaloric responsiveness, the dyed oil loaded hydrogel exhibits a controllable release behavior in each reversible shrinking–swelling cycle under an alternating magnetic field. This multi‐responsive hydrogel can hold promise for practical engineering applications, including sensors, displays, and controlled release.

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Synthesis of Copolymers by Living Carbanionic Alternating Copolymerization
Authors: Liu Kun , Ren Lei , He Qing , Xu Wei Jian
Published: March 2016

The synthesis and characterization of copolymers from styrene and 1,3‐pentadiene (two isomers) are reported. Styrene/1,3‐pentadiene (1:1) copolymerization with carbanion initiator yield living, well‐defined, alternating (r1 = 0.037, r2 = 0.056), and highly stereoregular copolymers with 90%–100% trans‐1,4 units, designed Mns and low ÐMs (1.07–1.17). The first‐order kinetic resolution and NMR spectra demonstrate that the copolymers obtained possess strictly alternating structure containing both 1,4‐ and 4,1‐enchaiments. Also a series of copolymers with varying degrees of alternation are synthesized from para‐alkyl substituted styrene derivatives and 1,3‐pentadiene. The degree of alternation is strongly dependent on the polarity of solvent, reaction temperature, type of trans‐cis isomer of 1,3‐pentadiene and para‐substituted group in styrene. The macro zwitterion forms (SPC) through the distribution of electronic charges from the donor (1,3‐pentadiene) to the acceptor (styrenes) are proposed to interpret the carbanion alternating copolymerization mechanism. Owing to the versatility of the carbanion‐initiating reaction, the present alternating strategy based on 1,3‐pentadiene (especially cis isomer) can serve as a powerful tool for precise control of polymer chain microstructure, architecture, and functionalities in one‐pot polymerization.

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The HigB/HigA toxin/antitoxin system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa influences the virulence factors pyochelin, pyocyanin, and biofilm formation
Authors: Wood Thammajun L. , Wood Thomas K.
Published: March 2016

Toxin/antitoxin (TA) systems are prevalent in most bacterial and archaeal genomes, and one of the emerging physiological roles of TA systems is to help regulate pathogenicity. Although TA systems have been studied in several model organisms, few studies have investigated the role of TA systems in pseudomonads. Here, we demonstrate that the previously uncharacterized proteins HigB (unannotated) and HigA (PA4674) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 form a type II TA system in which antitoxin HigA masks the RNase activity of toxin HigB through direct binding. Furthermore, toxin HigB reduces production of the virulence factors pyochelin, pyocyanin, swarming, and biofilm formation; hence, this system affects the pathogencity of this strain in a manner that has not been demonstrated previously for TA systems.
Fibrolamellar Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Mechanistic Distinction From Adult Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Riggle Kevin M. , Turnham Rigney , Scott John D. , Yeung Raymond S. , Riehle Kimberly J.
Published: March 2016

Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (FL‐HCC) has historically been classified as a rare subtype of HCC. However, unlike “classic” HCC, it occurs in children and young adults without underlying liver disease. The recent discovery of a deletion mutation in all FL‐HCCs represented a major advancement in understanding the pathogenesis of this disease. This deletion results in the fusion of the genes encoding a heat shock protein (DNAJB1) and the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A (PKA, PRKACA), and overexpression of PRKACA and enhanced cAMP‐dependent PKA activity. This review summarizes recent advancements in FL‐HCC pathogenesis and characteristics of the HSP40‐PKA C protein.
Persistent Multiyear Control of Relapsed T‐Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia With Successive Donor Lymphocyte Infusions: A Case Report
Authors: Huo Jeffrey S. , Symons Heather J. , Robey Nancy , Borowitz Michael J. , Schafer Eric S. , Chen Allen R.
Published: March 2016

There are few therapeutic options for patients with T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T‐ALL) who have recurrent disease after initial matched sibling hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. While a second hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) from a haploidentical donor offers the conceptual possibility of greater graft versus leukemia effect, there is minimal literature to describe the efficacy of this approach in recurrent pediatric T‐ALL. We present the case of a now 9‐year‐old female in whom second haploidentical HSCT, followed by successive donor lymphocyte infusions in response to minimal residual disease reemergence, has led to 3+ years of ongoing disease control without graft versus host disease and excellent quality of life.
Design concepts for diffusive holographic photopolymers
Authors: Kowalski Benjamin A. , McLeod Robert R.
Published: March 2016

Diffusive photopolymers are an area of intense recent materials development, spurred by interest in holographic data storage, display holography, and custom diffractive optical elements, among other applications. This review examines a range of photopolymer formulations of academic and commercial interest, and places their design strategies in context via quantitative analysis of the recording fidelity, maximum refractive index change and the degree to which they achieve this limit. Finally, this analysis is extended to estimate the scope of achievable future performance improvements. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 1021–1035.
A systematic review of inequalities in psychosocial outcomes for women with breast cancer according to residential location and Indigenous status in Australia
Authors: Youl PH , Dasgupta P , Youlden D , Aitken JF , Garvey G , Zorbas H , Chynoweth J , Wallington I , Baade PD
Published: March 2016

Background

The aim of this systematic review was to examine variations in psychosocial outcomes by residential location and Indigenous status in women diagnosed with breast cancer (BC) in Australia.

Methods

Systematic searches were undertaken using multiple databases covering articles between 1 January 1990 and 1 March 2015 focusing on adult women with BC in an Australian setting and measuring quality of life (QOL), psychological distress or psychosocial support.

Results

Thirteen quantitative and three qualitative articles were included. Two quantitative and one qualitative article were rated high quality, seven moderate and the remaining were low quality. No studies examining inequalities by Indigenous status were identified. Non‐metropolitan women were more likely to record lower QOL relating to breast cancer‐specific concerns and reported a lack of information and resources specific to their needs. Continuity of support, ongoing care and access to specialist and allied health professionals were major concerns for non‐metropolitan women. Non‐metropolitan women identified unmet needs in relation to travel, fear of cancer recurrence and lack of psychosocial support.

Conclusions

Overall, there was a lack of evidence relating to variations in psychosocial outcomes for women with BC according to residential status or Indigenous status. While the review identified some specific concerns for non‐metropolitan women with BC, it was limited by the lack of good quality studies using standardised measures.

Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of radial breathing mode of vibration of single‐walled carbon nanotubes via doublet mechanics
Authors: Fatahi‐Vajari Alireza , Imam Ali
Published: March 2016

This paper investigates the radial breathing mode (RBM) vibration of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) based on doublet mechanics (DM) with a length scale parameter. A second order partial differential equation that governs the RBM vibration of SWCNTs is derived. Using DM, the relation between natural frequency and length scale parameter is derived in the RBM mode of vibration. It is shown that the length scale parameter plays significant role in the RBM vibration response of SWCNTs. The length scale parameter decreases the natural frequency of vibration compared to the predictions of the classical continuum models. However, with increase in tube radius, the effect of the scale parameter on the natural frequency decreases. The results obtained herein are compared with the existing theoretical and experimental results and good agreement with the latter is observed.
Dynamic role authorization in multiparty conversations
Authors: Ghilezan Silvia , Jakšić Svetlana , Pantović Jovanka , Pérez Jorge A. , Vieira Hugo Torres
Published: March 2016

Protocols in distributed settings usually rely on the interaction of several parties and often identify the
roles
involved in communications. Roles may have a behavioral interpretation, as they do not necessarily correspond to sites or physical devices. Notions of
role authorization
thus become necessary to consider settings in which, e.g., different sites may be authorized to act on behalf of a single role, or in which one site may be authorized to act on behalf of different roles. This flexibility must be equipped with ways of controlling the roles that the different parties are authorized to represent, including the challenging case in which role authorizations are determined only at runtime. We present a typed framework for the analysis of multiparty interaction with dynamic role authorization and delegation. Building on previous work on conversation types with role assignment, our formal model is based on an extension of the

π

-calculus in which the basic resources are pairs channel-role, which denote the access right of interacting along a given channel representing the given role. To specify dynamic authorization control, our process model includes (1) a novel scoping construct for authorization domains, and (2) communication primitives for authorizations, which allow to pass around authorizations to act on a given channel. An authorization error then corresponds to an action involving a channel and a role not enclosed by an appropriate authorization scope. We introduce a typing discipline that ensures that processes never reduce to authorization errors, including when parties dynamically acquire authorizations.
On the formal analysis of Gaussian optical systems in HOL
Authors: Siddique Umair , Tahar Sofiène
Published: March 2016

Optics technology is being increasingly used in mainstream industrial and research domains such as terrestrial telescopes, biomedical imaging and optical communication. One of the most widely used modeling approaches for such systems is Gaussian optics, which describes light as a beam. In this paper, we propose to use higher-order-logic theorem proving for the analysis of Gaussian optical systems. In particular, we present the formalization of Gaussian beams and verify the corresponding properties such as beam transformation, beam waist radius and location. Consequently, we build formal reasoning support for the analysis of quasi-optical systems. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach, we present a case study about the receiver module of a real-world Atacama Pathfinder Experiment (APEX) telescope.
Measuring Implicit Sexual Response Biases to Nude Male and Female Pictures in Androphilic and Gynephilic Men
Authors: Timmins Liadh , Barnes-Holmes Dermot , Cullen Claire
Published: March 2016

Snowden, Wichter, and Gray (2008) demonstrated that an Implicit Association Test and a Priming Task both predicted the sexual orientation of gynephilic and androphilic men in terms of their attraction biases towards pictures of nude males and females. For both measures, relative bias scores were obtained, with no information on the separate response biases to each target gender. The present study sought to extend this research by assessing both relative and individual implicit biases using the Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP). An explicit measure screened for men with androphilic (n = 16) or gynephilic (n = 16) orientations on the dimensions of “sexual attraction,” “sexual behavior,” “sexual fantasies,” “hetero/gay lifestyle,” and “self identification.” The IRAP involved responding “True” or “False” to pictures of nude males and females as either attractive or unattractive. Participants were required to respond in a manner consistent with their reported sexual orientation for half of the IRAP’s test blocks and inconsistent for the other half. Response latencies were recorded and analyzed. The IRAP revealed a non-orthogonal pattern of biases across the two groups and had an excellent ability to predict sexual orientation with areas under the curves of 1.0 for the relative bias score and .94 and .95 for the bias scores for the male and female pictures, respectively. Correlations between the IRAP and explicit measures of sexual orientation were consistently high. The findings support the IRAP as a potentially valuable tool in the study of sexual preferences.