bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Better Future for Home-Cared Elderly Patients
Authors: Edirisinghe Ruwini
Published: December 2019

The need for innovative technologies that monitor and assist the independent living of elderly people in their homes is growing. The socio-economic benefits by utilizing such solutions are shared between many parties including the elderly people, support services and caregivers, and the medical system. This chapter proposes a wearable smart clothing-based monitoring system for home cared elderly patients. The development of the prototype smart cloth, which currently senses and alerts about body temperature, is discussed in this chapter. The proposed system is expected to provide a more dignified life for the elderly home cared patients by maintaining their independence and privacy while saving public and private money.
The Role of Crowdsourcing in the Healthcare Industry
Authors: Sen Kabir C.
Published: December 2019

Crowdsourcing has a role to play in solving healthcare-based problems as it can tap into a vast pool of global medical knowledge. This chapter first categorizes the various problems in the healthcare industry. It then describes the differences in various medical traditions in solving medical problems. The chapter also discusses the challenges in identifying the ideal medical solution. It notes the various types of obstacles to adopting effective healthcare solutions and suggests crowdsourcing solutions that could build up an impetus for bringing about positive change. Finally, the chapter emphasizes the potential of crowdsourcing to disrupt old ideas and introduce new ones as well as make a significant improvement in the social quality for different population groups.
Fast Track to Reduce Patient Lead Time
Authors: Silva Thais Gabriel Pincigher , e Senna de Castro Carolina Mendes , Assad Daniel Bouzon Nagem , Vasconcelos Ana Carolina , Spiegel Thais
Published: December 2019

Patient lead time in emergency units is a critical factor for quality of care and patient safety. The objective of the chapter is a public emergency care hospital of a Brazilian city, important for its localization in the second more populated area of the city. Green risk patients constitute more than half of attendances and represent the largest volume of out-of-goal attendances in the hospital. Considering this analysis, it was conducted the process modelling in order to understand patient pathway and the main related problems. A list of undesirable effects was subsequently composed, allowing the construction of the current reality tree (CRT). With the root causes identified, the literature suggested fast track as an alternative to reduce the average waiting time in queue until the medical care. The method used for testing scenarios of fast track was discrete events simulation.
Predictive Analytics to Support Clinical Decision Making
Authors: Wickramasinghe Nilmini
Published: December 2019

A key activity in healthcare is clinical decision making. This decision making typically has to be made rapidly and often without complete information. Moreover, the consequences of these decisions could be far reaching including the difference between life or death. Today analytics can assist in clinical decision making as the following chapter highlights. However, to gain the most from any type of analytics, it is first necessary to fully understand the dynamics around the clinical decision making process.
Potential Anti-Diabetic Effect of Camel Milk
Authors: Agrawal Rajendra Prasad , Agrawal Ritvik , Faris Mo'ez Al-Islam Ezzat , Ghazzawi Hadeel Ali
Published: December 2019

Based on empirical observations regarding the low prevalence of diabetes mellitus in population drinking regularly camel milk, camel scientists have investigated and assessed the effect of regular camel milk consumption on glycaemic status of diabetic patients and animal models. All the experiments' results concluded to the reduction of blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin. The hypothesis of high quantity of natural insulin in camel milk was proposed, but the quantities reported in the literature could not explain by itself the beneficial effect of camel milk consumption. It is stated that the lack of coagulum formation of camel milk the stomach was supposed to act as an effective vehicle (under internal nanoparticles) to take the milk insulin unchanged throughout the digestive tract and absorbed in the intestine. Other proteins in higher concentrations in camel milk than in other milk could interact with insulin receptor and contribute by their antioxidant and inti-inflammatory effect to regeneration of beta-cells in pancreas.
Effects of Industrial Processing Methods on Camel Milk Composition, Nutritional Value, and Health Properties
Authors: Metwalli Ali Ahmed , Hailu Yonas
Published: December 2019

Camel milk has a comparable gross composition with other milk sources including bovine milk with some minor differences in the molecular properties of proteins and fat. The limited amount of β-Lg and κ-Casein(CN) are involved in heat denaturation via formation of disulfide bridges in cow milk; their absence in camel milk result in different responses for heat treatment at different scale. Furthermore, differences between camel milk proteins compared to other milk resulted poor coagulation and reduce stability during processing of dairy products such as yogurt and cheese. The effect of different thermal processing methods on camel milk were discussed; however, high pressure processing (HPP) study on processing effect on camel milk is an area of research for more confirmation in-depth study. The industrial processing methods were found to effect important camel milk properties, nutritional values, and health properties compared to other animals including limiting bioactive proteins such as immunoglobulin, lactoferrin, lysozyme, and vitamins. This effect depends on the type of heat treatment applied.
SÍNDROME DE DOWN: IRMÃOS FAZEM DIFERENÇA NA QUALIDADE DE VIDA DOS PAIS?
Authors: Ronca Roberta Pasqualucci , Rocha Marina Monzani , Pozzi Denise Campos , Cymrot Raquel , Blascovi-Assis Silvana Maria
Published: December 2019

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar e discutir a influência da presença de irmãos com desenvolvimento típico na qualidade de vida (QV) de pais de adolescentes com síndrome de Down (SD). Tratou-se de um estudo qualitativo, transversal, descritivo e exploratório. A amostra foi formada por 25 famílias representadas por um cuidador, com filhos em idade entre dez e 19 anos. Essas famílias foram divididas em dois grupos: a) grupo de pais com filhos únicos com SD (GSDU) e b) grupo de pais com filhos com SD e outro (os) filho (os) com desenvolvimento típico (GSDI). Os participantes responderam à entrevista semiestruturada, cujo roteiro focalizava temas como o planejamento familiar, presença do irmão na família, relações entre os irmãos (para GSDI), o futuro do filho com SD e aspectos referentes aos sentimentos dos pais diante do nascimento do filho e da notícia. Os dados foram coletados em um único encontro, individualmente, com duração aproximada de 30 minutos. Os resultados evidenciam que a presença de irmãos com desenvolvimento típico pode mudar a estrutura e a dinâmica familiar, porém, não de forma a influenciar a melhor QV, já que os relatos de ambos os grupos foram muito parecidos.
SAÚDE MENTAL E REDUÇÃO DE DANOS NA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA: CONCEPÇÕES E AÇÕES
Authors: Lima Aluísio Ferreira de , Oliveira Pedro Renan Santos de , Lima Stephanie Caroline Ferreira de
Published: December 2019

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar as concepções e ações de saúde mental dos trabalhadores dos Núcleos de Atenção em Saúde da Família (NASF) da cidade de Fortaleza-Ceará, sobretudo as intervenções realizadas nos casos problemáticos de crack, álcool e outras drogas na Atenção Primária em Saúde (APS). Para tanto, fez-se uso de entrevista semiestruturada, composta por cinco partes: 1) perfil profissional dos entrevistados; 2) concepções morais; 3) conhecimentos sobre drogas; 4) ações de Redução de Danos (RD); 5) percepções do entrevistador. Os dados foram submetidos a uma análise descritiva por meio do software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), v. 20. Os resultados assinalaram a coexistência de concepções morais e tradicionais, orientadoras e mantenedoras de modelos moral e médico, que dificultam a adoção de uma atuação voltada para a RD e faz com que estes profissionais assumam posicionamentos que descaracterizam e impeçam o desenvolvimento de ações de RD nos serviços.
MÁQUINA E REALIDADE: CIBERNÉTICA, AUTOPOIESE E PRODUÇÃO DE SUBJETIVIDADE EM FÉLIX GUATTARI
Authors: Simonini Eduardo , Romagnoli Roberta Carvalho
Published: December 2019

O presente artigo tem como objetivo abordar o conceito de máquina e a consequente apropriação do mesmo nas discussões sobre a subjetividade. É um estudo teórico na interface entre psicologia, filosofia, física e biologia. Nesse sentido, ele se inicia apresentando que, na modernidade, a analogia à máquina foi estendida à compreensão do universo como sendo um relógio preciso e geometricamente previsível em seu funcionar. E se, até o século XVIII, a vida, o corpo e o cosmos foram significados, pela ciência emergente, como uma máquina mecânica (de movimento calculável em sua previsibilidade), no século XIX estes passaram igualmente a serem compreendidos como uma máquina térmica, com seus desdobramentos na física da termodinâmica e na cibernética. No final do século XX, a partir dos trabalhos dos biólogos Francisco Varela e Humberto Maturana, o conceito de máquina autopoiética ganhou relevância nos estudos sobre a vida e sobre a cognição, sendo este apropriado por Félix Guattari no desenvolvimento de seu conceito de produção de subjetividade e suas problematizações em torno dos processos de subjetivação.  Assim, o conceito de máquina saiu das limitações de uma leitura mecânica e termodinâmica da realidade, para uma abordagem existencial, processual e inventiva da subjetividade.
Hover Performance of Corotating and Counterrotating Coaxial Rotors
Authors: Uehara Daiju , Sirohi Jayant , Bhagwat Mahendra J.
Published: December 2019

Hover testing was performed on a 2-m-diameter coaxial corotating (stacked) rotor system to investigate the effect of azimuthal spacing, or index angle, on performance. Individual rotor thrust and power measurements were performed as a function of the index angles. It was found that
the contributions of individual rotors to the total stacked rotor performance were remarkably dependent on the index angle. For an index angle of 10°, that is, when the lower rotor trails the upper rotor by 10°, a nearly 3.6% increase in total system power loading was observed compared
to that for an index angle of –10°. Numerical calculations using the U.S. Army's Rotorcraft Comprehensive Analysis System (RCAS) were used to better understand this behavior in terms of self-induced and interference power constituents. For the coaxial, counterrotating (CCR) rotor,
the upper rotor performance was close to that of an isolated two-bladed rotor. The lower rotor operating in the wake of the upper rotor showed a relatively poor performance, requiring 70% more induced power than the upper rotor. The improvement in performance for a CCR rotor results from a
larger thrust share and better performance of the upper rotor as compared to the lower rotor.
Blood contamination, a problem or a lucky chance to analyze non-invasively myokines in mouth fluids?
Authors: Ravara Barbara
Published: December 2019

The use of saliva in clinical studies are increasing to identify methods less invasive than blood sampling in search for systemic changes of biomarkers related to physical activity, aging, late aging and rehabilitation. The consensus is that the diagnostic value of whole saliva is compromised by the presence of blood, but we are looking at the contamination as a major opportunity for non-invasive analyses of serological biomarkers. The aim of this preliminary study was to evaluate the presence of serum in mouth fluids of healthy seniors and the eventual changes after a modest trauma, i.e., tooth brushing. Seven heathy persons, aged more than 65 years, drooling saliva in a test tube provided the fluids for the analyses. After low speed centrifugation, small aliquots of supernatants were frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80° until use. Aliquots were thawed and used for quantification by the Lowry method of total proteins and by colorimetric ELISA of serum albumin, fibrinogen and lysozyme. Hemoglobin content was quantified by Spectrophotometry. Adjustment of saliva dilution, after a preliminary test, increased the homogeneity of the analytes’ content determined by colorimetric ELISA. The control reference to judge the quantity of serum in saliva was a pool of sera from age-matched healthy persons. Saliva collected from the seven healthy elderly person before and after tooth-and-gum, brushing presented measurable amount of the analytes, including fibrinogen, a minor component of the pooled sera. Tooth brushing did not induced statistically significant difference in analytes’ contents, suggesting that a measurable blood contamination is a frequent event in elderly persons. In conclusion, fibrinogen analysis in saliva is a promising approach to quantify serological biomarkers by a non-invasive procedure that will increase acceptability and frequency of analyses during follow-up in aging and rehabilitation.
Description of an Established, Fee-for-Service, Office-Based, Pharmacist-Managed Pharmacogenomics Practice
Authors: Schuh Michael J. , Crosby Sheena
Published: December 2019

OBJECTIVE: To describe an established, pharmacist-managed, fee-for-service, office-based pharmacogenomics (PGx) practice.
 SETTING: Multi-specialty, academic, tertiary care medical clinic and hospital.
 PRACTICE DESCRIPTION: Physician office-based
PGx fee-for-service (FFS) pharmacist practice. Patients seen are complex and most are older adults.
 INNOVATION: Established service in a new area of ambulatory practice that is financially self-sustaining. Patients who received PGx testing were seen within the medication
therapy management polypharmacy practice since 2015, with the PGx practice becoming official in 2018.
 MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Growth of practice, evaluated by referred patient consults ordered per month by providers.
 RESULTS: Because of insufficient third-party
payment for PGx services, the practice was developed as a selfpay, FFS practice and growing because of patient and provider demand.
 CONCLUSION: It is quite possible pharmacists in greater numbers can expand PGx services into ambulatory and inpatient areas they may have never
otherwise entered now that PGx has grown in use and relevance. PGx presents additional opportunities and service lines for pharmacists to practice how they were trained and assist them in collaborative integration onto the medical team.
Risk Factors for Nontyphi Salmonella Bacteremia Over 10 Years in Fort-de-France, Martinique, West Indies
Authors: Buteux Arnaud , Nacher Mathieu , Merat Célia , Nguyen Duc , Roze Benoit , Cabié André , Olive Claude
Published: December 2019

Nontyphoidal Salmonella infections can result in bacteremia. This study was undertaken to determine the predictive factors for bacteremia in children aged less than 16 years. Medical data were collected for every child with positive nontyphoidal Salmonella cultures in blood or stools at the University hospital of Martinique, French West Indies, between January 2005 and December 2015. Among 454 patients, 333 were included; 156 cases had confirmed bacteremia, and 177 were included as control group with nontyphoidal Salmonella only isolated in stools. Age at diagnosis, delay before consulting, prematurity, immunosuppression, or hyperthermic seizures were not significantly associated with bacteremia. C-reactive protein was higher in cases of bacteremia (P = 0.01); however, after adjusting to the threshold of 30 mg/L, there was no longer any difference. There were also significant relations for electrolytes such as hyponatremia (odds ratio (OR) = 2.08 [95% CI = 1.31–3.95]; P < 0.01), high urea level (OR = 0.53 [95% CI = 0.32–0.88], P < 0.01). The infecting serotype was the most discriminant risk factor (P < 10−4). Among 28 serotypes isolated between 2005 and 2015, Salmonella panama was the most common serotype: 122 strains (78.2%) were isolated from bacteremic patients versus 60 (33.9%) from nonbacteremic patients (P < 10−4). Salmonella panama was the most important risk factor for bacteremia (OR = 7.37 [95% CI = 3.18–17.1], P < 10−4) even after multivariate analysis (OR = 13.09 [95% CI = 5.42–31.59], P < 10−4). After adjusting for bacteremia, S. panama was associated with a significantly higher body temperature than other Salmonella: 39°C (standard deviation [SD] = 0.92) versus 38.2°C [SD = 1.1], linear regression P < 10−3. Children with Salmonella serotype panama infection were at higher risk of bacteremia than children infected with other Salmonella serotypes.
Effectiveness and Safety of Amphotericin B Deoxycholate, Amphotericin B Colloidal Dispersion, and Liposomal Amphotericin B as Third-Line Treatments for Cutaneous and Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Rodríguez Galvis María Claudia , Pérez Franco Jairo Enrique , Casas Vargas Mirian Yolanda , Ordoñez Rubiano María Fernanda
Published: December 2019

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL) are endemic diseases in America, especially in some countries such as Colombia. Among the therapeutic options is amphotericin B (AB). Nevertheless, its lipid-associated formulations have better safety profiles and effectiveness in other diseases, so far with no comparative studies in CL or MCL. We conducted a retrospective descriptive study describing the effectiveness and adverse effects of AB deoxycholate (ABD), AB colloidal dispersion (ABCD), and liposomal AB (LAB) as third-line treatments for CL and MCL. The effectiveness of LAB (88.5%) was greater than those of ABCD (66.6%) and ABD (80.8%). There were also fewer adverse effects in the LAB group (46.2%) than in the ABD (96.1%) and ABCD (80.9%) groups. LAB is an alternative for the treatment of CL and MCL in patients with therapeutic failure to first- and second-line drugs; findings suggest it might be less toxic and more effective than ABD and ABCD.
Performance of Ultrasensitive Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Detecting Asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Yeung Shunmay , McGregor David , James Nicola , Kheang Soy Ty , Kim Saorin , Khim Nimol , Ly Po , Sovannaroth Siv , Witkowski Benoit
Published: December 2019

Proposed interventions for eliminating drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria include the targeting of asymptomatic carriers through screening and treatment. We report on the diagnostic performance of the recently developed ultrasensitive rapid diagnostic test (uRDT) compared with screening with conventional RDTs (cRDT) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) under field conditions in Cambodia in a total of 2,729 individuals. The P. falciparum positivity by quantitative PCR (qPCR) was 3.8% (26/678) in those screened during active case detection and 0.5% (10/2,051) in the cross-sectional survey. Compared with qPCR, the sensitivity of the uRDTs was 53.8% (95% CI: 33.4–73.4%) when used in active case detection and 60.0% (95% CI: 26.2–87.8%) in the cross-sectional survey. The uRDTs did not show a significant improvement in diagnostic performance over cRDTs when used for active case detection and for a malaria prevalence survey in the context of this low-transmission setting.
Organic aerosol source apportionment in Zurich using an extractive electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (EESI-TOF-MS) – Part 1: Biogenic influences and day–night chemistry in summer
Authors: Stefenelli Giulia , Pospisilova Veronika , Lopez-Hilfiker Felipe D. , Daellenbach Kaspar R. , Hüglin Christoph , Tong Yandong , Baltensperger Urs , Prévôt André S. H. , Slowik Jay G.
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Improving the understanding of the health and climate impacts of aerosols remains challenging and is restricted by the limitations of current
measurement techniques. Detailed investigation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA), which is typically the dominating fraction of the organic aerosol (OA), requires instrumentation capable of real-time, in situ measurements of molecular composition. In this study, we present the first ambient measurements by a novel extractive electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (EESI-TOF-MS). The EESI-TOF-MS was deployed along with a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) during summer 2016 at an urban location (Zurich, Switzerland). Positive matrix factorization (PMF), implemented within the Multilinear Engine (ME-2), was applied to the data from both instruments to quantify the primary and secondary contributions to OA. From the EESI-TOF-MS analysis, a six-factor solution was selected as the most representative and interpretable solution for the investigated dataset, including two primary and four secondary factors. The primary factors are dominated by cooking and cigarette smoke signatures while the secondary factors are discriminated according to their daytime (two factors) and night-time (two factors) chemistry. All four factors showed strong influence by biogenic emissions but exhibited significant day–night differences. Factors dominating during daytime showed predominantly ions characteristic of monoterpene and sesquiterpene oxidation while the night-time factors included less oxygenated terpene oxidation products, as well as organonitrates which were likely derived from NO3 radical oxidation of monoterpenes. Overall, the signal measured by the EESI-TOF-MS and AMS showed a good correlation. Further, the two instruments were in excellent agreement in terms of both the mass contribution apportioned to the sum of POA and SOA factors and the total SOA signal. However, while the oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA) factors separated by AMS analysis exhibited a flat diurnal pattern, the EESI-TOF-MS factors illustrated significant chemical variation throughout the day. The captured variability, inaccessible from AMS PMF analysis, was shown to be consistent with the variations in the physiochemical processes influencing chemical composition and SOA formation. The improved source separation and interpretability of EESI-TOF-MS results suggest it to be a promising approach to source apportionment and atmospheric composition research.
Seawater Analysis by Ambient Mass Spectrometry-Based Seaomics and Implications on Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation
Authors: Zabalegui Nicolás , Manzi Malena , Depoorter Antoine , Hayeck Nathalie , Roveretto Marie , Li Chunlin , van Pinxteren Manuela , Herrmann Hartmut , George Christian , Monge María Eugenia
Published: December 2019

Abstract. A transmission mode-direct analysis in real time-quadrupole time of flight-mass spectrometry (TM-DART-QTOF-MS)-based analytical method coupled to multivariate statistical analysis was developed to interrogate lipophilic compounds in seawater samples without the need of desalinization. An untargeted metabolomics approach addressed here as seaomics was successfully implemented to discriminate sea surface microlayer (SML) from underlying water (ULW) samples (n = 22, 10 paired samples) collected during a field campaign at the Cape Verde islands in September–October 2017. A panel of 11 ionic species detected in all samples allowed sample class discrimination by means of supervised multivariate statistical models. Tentative identification of these species suggest that saturated fatty acids, peptides, fatty alcohols, halogenated compounds, and oxygenated boron-containing organic compounds may be involved in water-air transfer processes and in photochemical reactions at the water-air interface of the ocean. A subset of SML samples (n = 5) were subject to on-site experiments during the campaign using a lab-to-the-field approach to test their secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation potency. Results from these experiments and the analytical seaomics strategy provide a proof of concept that organic compounds play a key role in aerosol formation processes at the water/air interface.
Distinct microbial composition and functions in an underground high-temperature hot spring at different depths
Authors: Bai Shijie , Peng Xiaotong
Published: December 2019

Abstract. The microbial diversity and functions of three high-temperature neutral hot springs water samples at different depths (0 m, 19 m and 58 m) were investigated based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing and a functional gene array (GeoChip 5.0). The results revealed that the bacterial communities were distinct at different depths in the hot springs. Additionally, in response to the depths, bacterial/archaeal community compositions exhibited shifts over the depth profiles. Aquificae, Alpha-proteobacteria, and Deinococcus-Thermus were the dominating phyla at 0 m, 19 m, and 58 m, respectively. Hydrogenobacter, Sphingobium, and Thermus were the most abundant genera at 0 m, 19 m, and 58 m, respectively. The phylum Thaumarchaeota was the most abundant member of the archaeal community in the samples at different hot spring depths. Functional results of the microbial communities indicated that microbial metabolic functions were mainly related to sulfur, nitrogen cycling, and hydrogen oxidation. In summary, our results demonstrated that distinct microbial communities and functions were found at different depths of hot springs in a very limited area. These findings will provide new insights into the deep-subsurface biosphere associated with terrestrial hot springs.
A comparative assessment of the uncertainties of global surface ocean CO2 estimates using a machine-learning ensemble (CSIR-ML6 version 2019a) – have we hit the wall?
Authors: Gregor Luke , Lebehot Alice D. , Kok Schalk , Scheel Monteiro Pedro M.
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Over the last decade, advanced statistical inference and
machine learning have been used to fill the gaps in sparse surface ocean
CO2 measurements (Rödenbeck et al., 2015). The estimates from these
methods have been used to constrain seasonal, interannual and decadal
variability in sea–air CO2 fluxes and the drivers of these changes
(Landschützer et al., 2015, 2016; Gregor et al., 2018). However, it is
also becoming clear that these methods are converging towards a common bias
and root mean square error (RMSE) boundary: “the wall”, which suggests that pCO2 estimates are now limited
by both data gaps and scale-sensitive observations. Here, we analyse this
problem by introducing a new gap-filling method, an ensemble average of six
machine-learning models (CSIR-ML6 version 2019a, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research – Machine Learning ensemble with Six members), where each model is
constructed with a two-step clustering-regression approach. The ensemble
average is then statistically compared to well-established methods. The
ensemble average, CSIR-ML6, has an RMSE of 17.16 µatm and bias of
0.89 µatm when compared to a test dataset kept separate from training procedures. However, when validating our estimates with independent datasets, we find that our method improves only incrementally on other gap-filling methods. We investigate the differences between the methods to
understand the extent of the limitations of gap-filling estimates of
pCO2. We show that disagreement between methods in the South Atlantic,
southeastern Pacific and parts of the Southern Ocean is too large to
interpret the interannual variability with confidence. We conclude that
improvements in surface ocean pCO2 estimates will likely be incremental
with the optimisation of gap-filling methods by (1) the inclusion of
additional clustering and regression variables (e.g. eddy kinetic energy), (2) increasing the sampling resolution and (3) successfully incorporating
pCO2 estimates from alternate platforms (e.g. floats, gliders) into existing
machine-learning approaches.
PALEO-PGEM v1.0: a statistical emulator of Pliocene–Pleistocene climate
Authors: Holden Philip B. , Edwards Neil R. , Rangel Thiago F. , Pereira Elisa B. , Tran Giang T. , Wilkinson Richard D.
Published: December 2019

Abstract. We describe the development of the “Paleoclimate PLASIM-GENIE (Planet Simulator–Grid-Enabled Integrated Earth system model) emulator” PALEO-PGEM and its application to derive a downscaled
high-resolution spatio-temporal description of the climate of the last 5×106 years. The 5×106-year time frame is interesting for a range of
paleo-environmental questions, not least because it encompasses the
evolution of humans. However, the choice of time frame was primarily
pragmatic; tectonic changes can be neglected to first order, so that it is
reasonable to consider climate forcing restricted to the Earth's orbital
configuration, ice-sheet state, and the concentration of atmosphere CO2.
The approach uses the Gaussian process emulation of the singular value
decomposition of ensembles of the intermediate-complexity atmosphere–ocean
GCM (general circulation model) PLASIM-GENIE. Spatial fields of bioclimatic variables of surface air
temperature (warmest and coolest seasons) and precipitation (wettest and
driest seasons) are emulated at 1000-year intervals, driven by time series
of scalar boundary-condition forcing (CO2, orbit, and ice volume) and
assuming the climate is in quasi-equilibrium. Paleoclimate anomalies at
climate model resolution are interpolated onto the observed modern
climatology to produce a high-resolution spatio-temporal paleoclimate
reconstruction of the Pliocene–Pleistocene.
Depth is relative: the importance of depth for transparent exopolymer particles in the near-surface environment
Authors: Robinson Tiera-Brandy , Stolle Christian , Wurl Oliver
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Transparent exopolymer particles (TEPs) are a major source for both
organic matter (OM) and carbon transfer in the ocean and into the
atmosphere. Consequently, understanding the vertical distribution of TEPs and
the processes which impact their movement is important in understanding the
OM and carbon pools on a larger scale. Additionally, most studies looking at
the vertical profile of TEPs have focused on large depth scales from 5 to
1000 m and have omitted the near-surface environment. Results from a
study of TEP enrichment in the sea surface microlayer (SML) in different
regions (tropical, temperate) has shown that, while there is a correlation
between TEP concentration and primary production (PP) on larger or seasonal
scales, such relationships break down on shorter timescales and spatial scales.
Using a novel small-scale vertical sampler, the vertical distribution of TEPs
within the uppermost 2 m was investigated. For two regions with a total
of 20 depth profiles, a maximum variance of TEP concentration of
1.39×106 µg XG eq2 L−2 between depths and a minimum
variance of 6×102 µg XG eq2 L−2 was found. This
shows that the vertical distribution of TEPs was both heterogeneous and
homogeneous at times. Results from the enrichment of TEPs and Chl a between
different regions have shown TEP enrichment in the SML to be greater in
oligotrophic waters, when both Chl a and TEP concentrations were low,
suggesting the importance of abiotic sources for the enrichment of TEPs in
the SML. However, considering multiple additional parameters that were
sampled, it is clear that no single parameter could be used as a proxy for
TEP heterogeneity. Other probable biochemical drivers of TEP transport are
discussed.
A review and evaluation of the methodology for digitising 2D fracture networks and topographic lineaments in GIS
Authors: Palamakumbura Romesh , Krabbendam Maarten , Whitbread Katie , Arnhardt Christian
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Understanding the impact of fracture networks on rock mass properties is an essential part of a wide range of fields in geosciences, from understanding permeability of groundwater aquifers and hydrocarbon reservoirs to erodibility properties and slope stability of rock masses for geotechnical engineering. However, gathering high quality, oriented-fracture datasets in the field can be difficult and time consuming, for example due to constraints on time or access (e.g. cliffs). Therefore, a method for obtaining accurate, quantitative fracture data from photographs is a significant benefit. In this paper we describe and evaluate the method for generating a series of digital fracture traces in GIS-environment, in which spatial analysis of a fracture network can be carried out. The method is not meant to replace the gathering of data in the field, but to be used in conjunction, and is well suited where fieldwork time is limited, or where the section cannot be accessed directly. The basis of the method is the generation of the vector dataset (shapefile) of a fracture network from a georeferenced photograph of an outcrop in a GIS environment. From that shapefile, key parameters such as fracture density and orientation can be calculated. Furthermore, in the GIS-environment more complex spatial calculations and graphical plots can be carried out such as heat maps of fracture density. There are a number of advantages to using a digital method for gathering fracture data including: time efficiency, generating large fracture network datasets, flexibility during data gathering and consistency of data.
Transformaciones geodemográficas en la Costa Blanca (Alicante): Relación entre segregación residencial de la población extranjera y precio de la vivienda
Authors: Cutillas Orgilés Ernesto
Published: December 2019

En este artículo se describen las transformaciones recientes en la composición de la población extranjera residente en la Costa Blanca y su diferenciación residencial. Se realiza un análisis temporal de quince años y se utilizan diferentes fuentes para caracterizar a distinta escala geográfica los patrones de localización y segregación de los extranjeros según las principales nacionalidades y el precio medio por metro cuadrado de la vivienda. Se consideran los municipios de Torrevieja y Benidorm como modelos de referencia en cuanto a la existencia de diferentes tipologías urbanas y por la presión inmobiliaria que han registrado en los últimos años. Los resultados manifiestan que a escala provincial existe una ligera relación positiva entre precios elevados de la vivienda y presencia de población extranjera. A escala inframunicipal la diferenciación residencial de los extranjeros se asocia más con la disponibilidad de una oferta más numerosa de viviendas que con el precio de venta.
Análisis de la distribución territorial de los alojamientos rurales y convencionales en los núcleos rurales de Extremadura
Authors: Rengifo Gallego Juan Ignacio , Sánchez Martín José Manuel
Published: December 2019

Extremadura cuenta con 388 municipios, distribuidos entre las provincias de Badajoz (165) y Cáceres (223). Por la mayor parte de estos municipios se ha ido implantando una red de alojamientos rurales a partir del año 1992, fecha en la que se publicó el primer Decreto que regulaba esta tipología de alojamientos. En la actualidad, la normativa establece que los alojamientos rurales pueden ubicarse en aquellos municipios que no sobrepasen los 10.000 habitantes. Este límite posibilita que dichos alojamientos se puedan implantar en el 96,6% de los municipios de Extremadura. Teniendo en cuenta estas premisas, este artículo tiene como objetivo medir y analizar la distribución de los alojamientos rurales, en comparación con los convencionales, en estos municipios. Los resultados muestran una realidad en la que hay divergencias entre los dos bloques de municipios establecidos en el trabajo: los de menos de 2.000 habitantes y los que tienen entre 2.000 y 10.000 habitantes.
Comparing the Effectiveness and Engagement of Comics to 3D Animation in Teaching Advances in Nanomedicine
Authors: Gao Angela W. , Maizels Evelyn T. , Brennan Kevin M. , Thaxton C. Shad , McMahon Kaylin , Young Christine D.
Published: December 2019

Translating new discoveries into viable therapies is dependent upon communication between scientists and medical professionals, especially in the emerging field of nanomedicine. Understanding of mechanisms on the cellular and molecular scale is commonly facilitated using 3D animation. However, this project sought to validate the knowledge transfer of complex biomedical information in nanomedicine using an alternative medium, the comic book. This medium has been effective for science communication but remains largely untested in medical education. In order to explore the differences in knowledge gain, engagement, and preference between comics and 3D animations, a comic book about a synthetic high-density lipoprotein gold nanoparticle’s apoptotic effects on lymphoma cells was created and compared to a 3D animation with identical content. Thirty-five individuals consisting of medical students, physicians, graduate students, and research scientists in the biomedical sciences were randomly shown the comic or the animation following a pretest. A posttest and preferences survey was conducted afterward. Results indicated that both the comic and animation were similarly effective at increasing knowledge about the HDL AuNP mechanism of action and had a similar level of engagement.
Creating an Interactive Algorithm for Improved Management of Micrognathic and Retrognathic Infants
Authors: Rakes Lauren , Schwengel Deborah , Walsh Jonathan , Rini David
Published: December 2019

Infants born with micrognathia face risk of injury whenanesthesia is required, due to facial anomalies that causeairway obstruction and difficult intubation. Lack of trainingresources prevent physicians from acquiring theexperience necessary to adequately care for thesepatients. A web application was created to teach andreinforce the recommended techniques for intubation onmicrognathic infants in order to contribute to their safetyinside and outside the operating room. A uniqueinteractive algorithm within the application allows theuser to learn about micrognathic infant airwaymanagement through text, illustration, 3D models, andanimation.
An Interactive Platform to Enhance Knowledge and Understanding of Ovarian Neoplasm: A Pilot Media Program to Standardize Clerkship Education
Authors: Pecora Christina , Andrews Bill , Hryeniuk Alexa , Latif Erin
Published: December 2019

Clinical clerkships at Augusta University vary in level of student’s exposure to patients due to geographical locations of clerkships. Standardizing clerkship material will lead to more accurate patient diagnoses and treatment. This project describes the development of a pilot e-learning module to enhance clerkship experience through standardization of the media.
You Can’t Hide Behind a Line - 1989 AMI Presidential Address
Authors: Demarest Robert
Published: December 2019

There are fundamental truths with which we must not lose touch. We need to articulate them on occasions. So, I will be talking about fundamental things today. You need not agree with all that I say. You may argue with my definitions. You may want to substitute, or add, retract, or even object to some of my thoughts. But think about them you must. For what I will be talking about is the very fiber and substance of our field.   - Robert J. Demarest
Medical Photography: Practices of Graduate Students at Makerere University
Authors: Bamusonighe Apollo Peter , Tumusiime Gerald , Lukiza Paul , Ochieng Joseph
Published: December 2019

Medical photography is a specialized genre of photography concerned with taking photographs beneficial to medical practice. This study aimed at establishing medical photography practices among graduate students at Makerere University. Results suggest most graduate students first encountered medical photographs in class (68.1%), a few took their own medical photographs (13.5%), using mainly the mobile phone (81.6%) and the majority of the photographs were taken by their colleagues(66%).
Publisher's Comment
Authors: Schnitz Gary
Published: December 2019

This Publisher's Comment provides an overview of the content for issue 43-1 of the Journal of Biocommunication. This publication represents our first issue of 2019, and it is our sixth issue designed for our new mixed publishing format.Journal Management Board for the JBC
Professional Clinical Photography to Assist Patients with Pectus Carinatum
Authors: Yeats John A.
Published: December 2019

A photographic clinical role has been realized in our institution in the care of patients with Pectus Carinatum. A series of clinical photographs along with 3D imaging are now presented by our photographers to each patient in clinic to demonstrate changes over time in the size and shape of their chest wall defects associated with this condition. This interaction has increased patient compliance for treatment and subsequently reinforces the relevance and importance of clinical photographers in patient care.
Development of an Interactive Patient Education Tool for Genetic Testing in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Hung Maurita , Corrin Michael , Wall Shelley , Hoang Ny
Published: December 2019

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a prevalence of 1 in 68 children. The cause of the disorder is unknown, but research suggests that it involves a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Due to recent advances in sequencing technology, next generation sequencing is being incorporated into clinical practices, enabling researchers to obtain genetic data from ASD patients and elucidate the genetic variants that contribute to the disorder. Ultimately, this may lead to earlier diagnoses and interventions for future generations. The integration of next generation sequencing into clinical practices also benefits patients, because it can be used to identify other fatal genetic disorders associated with ASD and to advise parents on recurrence risk. Despite the benefits of genetic testing in the ASD field, there remain two communication gaps between families of patients affected by ASD and genetic counselors. First, there are few patient education resources on why patients with ASD should get genetic testing, resulting in a lack of awareness. The second communication gap is the challenge of explaining complex genomic results to families of patients who choose to undergo genetic testing. This master’s research project aims to bridge both communication gaps through the implementation of an interactive web-based resource. With the use of visual analogies and storytelling techniques, the tool will aid in knowledge translation and improve society’s understanding of genetic testing in the field of ASD.
Integrative Modeling and Visualization of Exosomes
Authors: Jimenez Julia , Autin Ludovic , De Cáceres Inmaculada Ibáñez , Goodsell David S.
Published: December 2019

Information from proteomics, microscopy, and structural biology are integrated to create structural models of exosomes, small vesicles released from cells. Three visualization methods are employed and compared: 2D painting of a cross section using traditional media, manual creation of a cross section using the mesoscale 2.5D digital painting software cellPAINT, and generation of a 3D atomic model using the mesoscale modeling program cellPACK.
25 Years Ago in the JBPA/JBP
Authors: St. John Merrill Thomas
Published: December 2019

In this column, we look back at the content and imagery foundin the Journal of the Biological Photographic Association(JBPA), later renamed the Journal of Biological Photography(JBP). This column examines important articles from 25 yearsago. In doing so, we gain some insight into the legacyphotography techniques of that time.
Examining the Relationship of Work-Family Conflict and Turnover Intentions of Oregon CTE Teachers
Authors: Claflin Kellie , Sorensen Tyson J. , Velez J. , Stewart Josh
Published: December 2019

CTE has been identified as a critical need area and therefore retention of secondary CTE teachers is of great importance. This study explored turnover intentions and work-family conflict of CTE teachers in Oregon. Teachers reported higher work interference with family (WIF) than family
interference with work (FIW), but also reported moderately low turnover intentions. FIW was significantly higher in male teachers than females. Teachers reported intentions for leaving: (a) to move to an administrative position, (b) for personal reasons such as health, (c) to change teaching
subject areas, and (d) for a more desirable job opportunity. WIF was a significant predictor of turnover intentions among the CTE teachers. The implications are discussed and recommendations for research and practice are explored.
Parents’ Role in Supporting, Brokering or Impeding Their Children’s Connected Learning and Media Literacy
Authors: Livingstone Sonia , Blum-Ross Alicia
Published: December 2019

How do parents and carers approach the task of bringing up their children in the digital age? What is their vision of their children’s future and that of the wider society? Most importantly, how are parental expectations, and expectations of parents, designed into learning opportunities for children, if at all? In this article, our focus is on how children gain media literacy in a range of non-formal sites including after school clubs, digital media learning courses, makerspaces and, of course, the home.
Who Gets to Play? Disability, Open Literacy, Gaming
Authors: Ellis Katie , Kao Kai-Ti
Published: December 2019

Video games are an expanding area of popular culture spanning traditional age, gender and socioeconomic divides and appealing to a diverse market. People with disability represent a significant but under researched gaming demographic (Beeston et al., 2018). While this group represent a large portion of the gaming population, inaccessible interfaces and consoles may prevent people with disability from playing games. Despite this, research dating back to 2008 suggests 92% of gamers with disability continue to play games despite these obstacles. This paper aims to put the topic of gamers with disabilities on the agenda for Open Literacies.

The paper brings into dialogue research and conceptions of disability and digital media (especially the work of Gerard Goggin, Meryl Alper, Katie Ellis and Elizabeth Ellcessor) with accounts of gamers with disability, and how we might understand digital access as a cultural practice (for instance, the work of Foley & Ferri). This theoretical synthesis leads us to draw attention to the alternative ways in which games can be played and the impacts this has for the disability community.

A secondary aim of the paper is to consider the contexts in which disability appears in gaming in popular culture and everyday life. For example, therapeutic and educational contexts dominate while recreation is considered less important. The paper concludes with reflections about the ways disabled gamers engage in open literacy to bring accessibility to the forefront and change the rules of the game.
Las “fake news” y los peligros para la gestión de la comunicación en las organizaciones
Authors: Cristancho Andrea
Published: December 2019

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

Realidad Empresarial No. 8, 2019: 8
edTPA and Accountability: Strategies for Mentoring Teacher Candidates
Authors: Savage Shari L.
Published: December 2019

This article examines and discusses 7 years of data collection and personal experience implementing and navigating the teacher candidate assessment called edTPA (educational Teacher Performance Assessment). Visual arts education has its own discipline-specific assessment, whose development and implementation is not without controversy in our field. The challenges we face as art educators teaching in education prep programs need to be made transparent as data-driven accountability policies continue to grow, impacting curricular and programmatic values. Practical strategies for teacher prep programs in edTPA early adoption or piloting phases are shared and discussed.