bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electromagnetic interaction between the closed superconducting coil and the moving permanent magnet: the state of the art
Authors: Li Chao , Li Gengyao , Xin Ying , Li Bin
Published: December 2024

Due to the excellent electrical conductivity, superconducting materials are playing an increasingly important role in high-field applications. Lots of superconducting applications rely on the electromagnetic interaction between the permanent magnet (PM) and superconductors in different forms of tapes, bulks and coils. Recently, an electromagnetic interaction between the closed superconducting coil (SC) and the moving PM has been researched with interest. This electromagnetic interaction can both induce and utilize the current in the closed SC, thus achieving the mutual conversion between mechanical and electromagnetic energy wirelessly. In this review, all recently published works about this electromagnetic interaction have been summarized, from aspects of interaction behaviors, mechanism, numerical models, key influence factors and applications. These studies have laid a solid foundation for the follow-up researches.
Feasibility analysis of partially insulated Nb3Sn EU DEMO toroidal field coil
Authors: Jang W , Giannini L , Bonifetto R , Lee J T , Choi K , Kim G , Yan Y , De Bastiani M , Zappatore A , Hahn S , Muzzi L , Corato V
Published: December 2024

The advent of no-insulation (NI) winding technique in high temperature superconducting magnets has marked a milestone, demonstrating enhanced thermal stability and mechanical integrity in various high-field applications. There have been reports on numerical and experimental results of the application of NI-class winding techniques to low temperature superconducting (LTS) magnets, showing improved thermal stability such as significant reduction of training, stable behavior during over-current operations, and even recovery after heater-fired quench as a result of current bypass near a hot spot. Thus, the NI approach might offer potential advantage to large scale LTS fusion magnet such as reduction of peak coil terminal voltage or decrease of the copper fraction within the conductor to achieve a more compact design. However, it is essential to firstly assess the potential risks associated with NI approach to large scale LTS fusion magnet to identify any critical barriers. This paper explores the feasibility of partially insulated Nb3Sn EU DEMO toroidal field (TF) coil over a wide range of contact resistivity through two distinct partial insulation winding schemes: (1) inter-turn NI and (2) inter-layer NI scheme. Our investigation encompasses electromagnetic, structural, and thermal-hydraulic analyses to evaluate current distribution, magnet charging time, stress distribution, and temperature rise within the winding pack during magnet charging. The analysis numerically confirms the existence of a feasible design space for a partially insulated TF coil, which enables stable charging and normal operation of the magnet.
Comment on ‘No circular birefringence exists in a chiral medium: an analysis of single-mode refraction’
Authors: Koufidis S F , Lakhtakia A , McCall M W
Published: December 2024

Recent claims by Hu and Li (2023 New J. Phys.
25 023007) that isotropic chiral mediums do not exhibit circular birefringence, asserting that both mutually orthogonal circularly polarized states propagate at the same phase velocity, are refuted. We showcase that the analysis is flawed because it incorrectly interprets the eigenstates supported by reciprocal bi-isotropic mediums.
Numerical solution of generalized time-fractional wave equation based on lattice Boltzmann method
Authors: Wu Fangfang , Tong Jia , Qu Shaobo , Wang Yingying
Published: December 2024

This paper proposes an effective lattice Boltzmann method for the generalized time-fractional wave equation in the Caputo sense. The Caputo derivative term is firstly treated through numerical differentiation and the application of the composite integration rule. Subsequently, the generalized time-fractional wave equation is approximated to align with the standard form. By appropriately selecting auxiliary distribution functions, the macroscopic equation is properly recovered using the Chapman-Enskog expansion technique. A series of numerical comparisons show that the proposed method agrees well with the analytical solution, surpassing the accuracy of previous models. The efficiency of the proposed lattice Boltzmann model is thus validated.
iRD-NN: an improved RainDrop-driven Neural Network model for cloud workload prediction
Authors: Miglani Neha , Diwaker Chander
Published: December 2024

The rapidly evolving landscape of the cloud computing necessitates development of an accurate workload prediction mechanism to ensure an efficient resource utilization, flexibility and minimal operational cost. However, the unforeseeable workload patterns in terms of sudden spikes in the upcoming requests, redundancy and prolixity in clients’ demands, often impedes the workload prediction accuracy. This paper introduces a novel and improved RainDrop-driven Neural Network (iRD-NN) workload prediction framework leveraging the Raindrop Optimization Algorithm to anticipate workload across successive prediction intervals. The proposed predictive model performs an iterative training on the historical data that further optimizes the workload traces for each prediction interval entailing an efficient balance between exploitation and exploration capabilities to attain quick convergence and enhanced prediction accuracy. The rigorous performance evaluation of proposed strategy has been done by utilizing the two benchmark data traces viz. Bitbrains and Google Cluster Dataset (GCD) over various prediction intervals. The results marked the substantial improvement in the predictive accuracy with iRD-NN outperforming other contemporary approaches, including, SVM, ARIMA, HHO and RNN-LSTM, attaining accuracy gains of 97.91%, 93.99%, 93.09% and 83.64%, respectively. Additionally, the proposed approach delivered a notable reduction in the error rate upto

1.6
×

10

−
2

accentuating its reliability and robustness. The results emphasized the model’s capability in augmenting resource allocation and operational competence in the cloud environment.
On novel Hexa-compound combination synchronization over nineteen n-dimensional category-B chaotic systems and electronic circuit schematic
Authors: Khattar Dinesh , Deo Naokant , Sirohi Mukul
Published: December 2024

Synchronization of chaotic models involving multiple drives and responses has numerous practical applications in cryptography and information processing. Existing research on synchronizing multiple chaotic systems is currently limited to twelve components. This study introduces a novel higher-order synchronization method, hexa compound combination, that synchronizes an assembly of nineteen n-dimensional chaotic models. Well-known synchronization methods, such as double compound, triple compound, and quad compound, serve as particular instances of this new strategy. Thus, our research significantly advances the understanding of multi-leveled chaos synchronization. In addition, we also present a non-uniformly conservative system classified into a rare category B, analyze its dynamic properties, and utilize it for achieving the proposed synchronization. Numerical results are provided through graphical representations to illustrate the efficacy of the new synchronization approach by comparing it with other techniques. Furthermore, we emulate the corresponding virtual schematic circuit of the newly designed system to evaluate its real-world applicability and utility.
Approximate analytic periodic solution of circular Sitnikov restricted four-body problem
Authors: Liu Weijia , Wu Baisheng
Published: December 2024

In this technical note, a high-precision approximate analytic periodic solution of the circular Sitnikov restricted four-body problem is constructed. In order to improve the accuracy, the governing differential equation is first converted into another form without using Taylor expansion. Then the approximate solution is established by combining the harmonic balance method and Newton’s method. Compared with the fourth-order approximate analytic solution obtained by using the Lindstedt-Poincaré method, only one Newton iteration can obtain higher precision, wider amplitude range, and shorter approximate analytic period and periodic solution expressions.
The scaling behaviour of localised and extended states in one-dimensional tight-binding models with disorder
Authors: Schaefer Luca , Drossel Barbara
Published: December 2024

We investigate two one-dimensional tight-binding models with disorder that have extended states at zero energy. We use exact and partial diagonalisation of the Hamiltonian to obtain the eigenmodes and the associated participation ratios, and the transfer-matrix method to determine the localisation length. The first model has no on-site disorder, but random couplings. While the participation ratio remains finite at zero energy, the localisation length diverges logarithmically as the energy goes to zero. We provide an intuitive derivation of this logarithmic divergence based on the weak coupling of the two sublattices. The second model has a conserved quantity as the row sums of the Hamiltonian are zero. This model can be represented as a harmonic chain with random couplings, or as a diffusion model on a lattice with random links. We find, in agreement with existing analytical calculations, that the number of system-spanning eigenmodes increases proportionally to the square root of the system size, and we related this power law to other power laws that characterise the scaling behaviour of the eigenmodes, the participation ratio, the localisation length, and their dependence on energy and system size. When disorder is so strong that the smallest hopping terms can be arbitrarily close to zero, all these power laws change, and we show a crossover between the two scaling regimes. All these results are explained by intuitive arguments based on scaling.
Theoretical investigation of elastic and optoelectronic properties of barium-based Halide perovskites KBaI3 and RbBaI3
Authors: Meziani Amel , Meradji Hocine , Ghemid Sebti
Published: December 2024

The objective of this study is to evaluate the structural, electronic, elastic, and optical characteristics of Ba-based halide perovskites KBaI3 and RbBaI3. Our investigation utilized the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave approach (FP-LAPW) with the PBE-GGA (Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof generalized gradient approximation). To calculate the electronic band structures, we employed the TB-mBJ (Tran–Blaha modified Becke–Johnson) potential. The structural parameters were found to be in reasonable agreement with available data. Both compounds exhibit an indirect band gap (R-Γ), with estimated band gap values of 5.019 eV for KBaI3 and 4.997 eV for RbBaI3 using the TB-mBJ potential. For the first time, the elastic properties, as well as the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric function and other optical constants of KBaI3 material have been determined. The predicted elastic constants indicate that both materials are mechanically stable. The Pugh ratio, Poisson’s ratio and Cauchy pressure values further suggest that the compounds are ductile. The optical properties, including the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric function, refractive index, extinction coefficient, absorption coefficient, and reflectivity, have been analyzed and discussed.
Platinum diselenide (PtSe2) mediated heterostructure based SPR sensor for the detection of formalin: a theoretical analysis
Authors: Kumar Rajeev , Agarwal Sajal , Pal Narendra , Pal Sarika , Prajapati Yogendra Kumar
Published: December 2024

Formalin adulteration and mixing is a serious problem in tropical countries because of its adverse impact on human health. In current study, SPR based sensor is designed and modelled analytically to achieve the maximum sensitivity with good selectivity. To achieve this, a heterostructure of (BP/PtSe2/BP) in SPR sensor has played significant role to enhance the sensor performance due to their better charge carrier confinement and high charge carrier transfer efficiency to metal interface. Analysed designs ensures the maximum sensitivity of 273.05 °/RIU and detection accuracy of 0.204 /°. Distribution of electric field is also estimated to analyse the field enhancement at the interfaces of several material layers. Penetration depth (PD) of 190.94 nm indicating distance between positions from peak field intensity to 37% strength of the maximum electric field intensity is achieved. The proposed sensor demonstrates the potential for detection of formalin in food industry.
Exploiting 4D non-degenerate chaotic system and adaptive diffusion based on the finite field for 3D model encryption
Authors: Lu Yang , Xie Xiaodong , Zhao Xiuming , Chai Xiuli , Gan Zhihua , Zhang Yiming
Published: December 2024

With the rise of meta-universe, the application of 3D models in various fields has garnered significant attention, for they may furnish more vivid and detailed representations. However, many problems lie in securing the transmission of 3D model data, as the tampered possibility increases while in transit. Therefore, protecting 3D model data is crucial. Meanwhile, existing chaotic systems have many drawbacks such as degeneracy, predictability, and initial value insensitivity, resulting in a high risk of attacks on 3D model encryption algorithms. This study proposes a 3D model encryption algorithm using a 4D non-degenerate chaotic system and adaptive diffusion based on the finite field. Firstly, a 4-dimensional (4D) non-degenerate chaotic system is designed for generating pseudorandom sequences. Compared to the classical 4D chaotic systems, our proposed chaotic system exhibits better chaotic performance in several aspects, such as Lyapunov exponents, NIST test, and initial value sensitivity. Further, the 3D data format of the 3D model is transformed into a 2D data format. Then, a rotation misalignment across rows and columns (RMARC) is presented to confuse the 2D coordinate data format and break the high correlation of the 2D coordinate values. Finally, the scrambled data is diffused within a finite field using the chaotic sequence to get the diffused 3D model. In addition, we have done many experiments to verify the encryption efficiency, security performance, and encryption quality. The experimental results show that the 3D encryption system performs well in these aspects.
Exact chirped solutions, stability analysis and chaotic behaviours of the perturbed nonlinear Schrödinger equation with anti-cubic nonlinearity and spatio-temporal dispersion
Authors: Xiang Qibin
Published: December 2024

The nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) has extensive applications in optical fiber communications. In nonlinear fibers, the study of chirped solitons is crucial for achieving long-distance high-speed optical communications. This paper investigates the perturbed NLSE with anti-cubic nonlinearity and spatio-temporal dispersion (STD), which can more accurately describe the effect of particle distance decay. First, I analyzed the qualitative characteristics of soliton solutions using dynamic system theory. Using the complete discrimination system for polynomial proposed by Liu, I obtained various new types of chirped soliton, including rational solutions, elliptic function solutions, singular solutions and so on. Then, I perform numerical simulations of special chirped solitons under given parameters to demonstrate their physical properties. Furthermore, I analyzed the energy of the soliton solution and established its stability conditions. Finally, I studied the chaotic behavior of the equation and found that different perturbation functions lead to significantly different chaotic characteristics, providing corresponding Lyapunov exponents and phase diagrams. These findings contribute to the practical applications of complex nonlinear systems and the development of optical fiber communications.
Optimal celestial bodies for dark matter detection
Authors: Leane Rebecca K. , Tong Joshua
Published: December 2024

A wide variety of celestial bodies have been considered as dark matter detectors. Which
stands the best chance of delivering the discovery of dark matter? Which is the most powerful dark
matter detector? We investigate a range of objects, including the Sun, Earth, Jupiter, Brown
Dwarfs, White Dwarfs, Neutron Stars, Stellar populations, and Exoplanets. We quantify how
different objects are optimal dark matter detectors in different regimes by deconstructing some of
the in-built assumptions in these search sensitivities, including observation potential and
particle model assumptions. We find new constraints and future sensitivities across a range of
dark matter annihilation final states. We quantify mediator properties leading to detectable
celestial-body energy injection or Standard Model fluxes, and show how different objects can be
expected to deliver corroborating signals. We discuss different search strategies, their
opportunities and limitations, and the interplay of regimes where different celestial objects are
optimal dark matter detectors. Deconstructing the assumptions of these searches leads us to point
out a new search using the Galactic center stellar population that can provide greater sensitivity
to the dark matter-nucleon scattering cross section than the Sun, despite being significantly
further away in our Galaxy.
Efficient compression of redshift-space distortion data for late-time modified gravity models
Authors: Toda Yo , Gómez-Valent Adrià , Koyama Kazuya
Published: December 2024

Current cosmological observations allow for deviations from the standard growth of
large-scale structures in the universe. These deviations could indicate modifications to General
Relativity on cosmological scales or suggest the dynamical nature of dark energy. It is important
to characterize these departures in a model-independent manner to understand their significance
objectively and explore their fundamental causes more generically across a wider spectrum of
theories and models. In this paper, we compress the information from redshift-space distortion
data into 2–3 parameters μ

i
, which control the ratio between the effective gravitational
coupling in Poisson's equation and Newton's constant in several redshift bins in the late
universe. We test the efficiency of this compression using mock final-year data from the Dark
Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) and considering three different models within the class of
effective field theories of dark energy. The constraints on the parameters of these models,
obtained from both the direct fit to the data and the projection of the compressed parameters onto
the parameters of the models, are fully consistent, demonstrating the method's good
performance. Then, we
apply it to current data and find hints of a suppressed matter growth in the universe at ∼
2.7σ C.L., in full accordance with previous works in the literature. Finally, we perform a
forecast with DESI data and show that the uncertainties on the parameters μ
1 at z < 1 and
μ
2 at 1 < z < 3 are expected to decrease by approximately 40% and 20%, respectively,
compared to those obtained with current data. Additionally, we project these forecasted
constraints onto the parameters of the aforesaid models.
Surface damage in tungsten induced by high heat flux helium irradiation at high temperatures across melting point
Authors: Wang Hanqing , Yuan Yue , Fu Baoqin , Greuner H. , Böswirth B. , Ren Mengchong , Nie Yufei , Zhang Peng , Cao Xingzhong , Lu Guang-Hong
Published: December 2024

Understanding the behavior of tungsten (W) surface damage under the synergistic effects of high heat flux (HHF) loading and helium (He) irradiation is essential for predicting material performance during off-normal operations in ITER. In this study, surface modifications occurring at high temperatures (>2200 K) up to the melting point were investigated by conducting experiments involving two campaigns of vertical displacement events like HHF He neutral beam pulse irradiation on polycrystalline W samples at the test facility Garching LArge DIvertor Sample. As the surface temperature of W increased due to irradiation (2253–3683 K), pinholes appeared on the surface, showing a trend of increasing size and decreasing number density, indicating severe lattice damage. Accordingly, we proposed a model for pinhole growth under high-temperature He irradiation based on thermal activation diffusion of He. The calculated activation energy for He diffusion in this process was found to be 0.51 eV, which is considerably higher than the results obtained from previous simulations (0.021–0.157 eV) (Zhou et al 2010 Nucl. Fusion
50 115010; Becquart and Domain 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett.
97 1–4; Shu et al 2013 Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 303 84–6; Fu et al 2021 J. Nucl. Mater.
543 152599). This suggests that extensive defects in the matrix have a significant impact on the diffusion of He in high-temperature environments, which is distinct from diffusion behavior at lower temperatures. However, as the surface temperature further increased beyond the melting point, the melting and re-solidification process nearly completely repaired almost all defects induced by He ion irradiation. The re-solidified grains were characterized by being intact, damage-free, and having lower residual stress. This study establishes a foundation for the quantitative analysis of helium migration mechanisms under high-temperature helium irradiation, which lays the foundation for understanding material structural damage behavior under off-normal operations for ITER.
Compatibility of pronounced detachment with improved confinement on HL-2A tokamak
Authors: Wu Ting , Xu Min , Wang Zhuo , Nie Lin , Wang Zhanhui , Gao Jinming , Chen Yihang , Zhu Yiren , Zhang Yi , Liu Liang , Li Dong , Zhang Kai , Ke Rui , He Xiaoxue , Yang Zengceng , Yu Xin , Wu Na , Huang Zhihui , Yi Kaiyang , Wang Weice , Yan Longwen , Li Yonggao , Long Ting , Wang Renxu , Tian Wenjing , Wang Zhe , Cai Laizhong , Yu Yi
Published: December 2024

This paper investigates the compatibility of pronounced detachment with improved confinement based on the NBI-heated HL-2A L-mode plasma with low-density. Through impurity seeding, radiation becomes higher at plasma edge and causes edge cooling after pronounced detachment. Turbulent transport is examined in detail by experiments and global integrated simulations. Ion dominant turbulent transport decreases at normalized minor radius

ρ
∈

[

0.1
,
0.4

]

,

and ion temperature increases at

ρ
∈

[

0
,
0.8

]

. Edge turbulence and turbulent transport through ion channels decrease significantly, which could result from reduced free energy source due to edge cooling. The reduced edge turbulent transport benefits to decrease the power entering the SOL/divertor. The decreased edge outward transport and increased core electron density and ion temperature make major contributions to the improved plasma confinement after pronounced detachment.
Numerical simulation of a helium plasma–material interaction experiment in GyM linear device through SOLPS-ITER and ERO2.0 codes
Authors: Mombelli F. , Alberti G. , Tonello E. , Tuccari C. , Uccello A. , Baumann C. , Bonnin X. , Romazanov J. , Passoni M. ,   the GyM team
Published: December 2024

In this paper, a numerical investigation of plasma–material interaction-relevant helium plasma experimental discharges in GyM linear device is presented, in which SOLPS-ITER and ERO2.0 codes are coupled for plasma background generation and material erosion investigation respectively, with the aim to support the interpretation and complement the available experimental dataset. On the plasma side, simulated profiles are validated against experimental data to provide a realistic plasma background, and the role of He metastable states is assessed for the first time in SOLPS simulations. On the material side, the erosion and deposition effects due to the introduction of the sample-holder in the simulation volume are investigated, now considering also the real stainless steel composition as wall material.
Characterization of Silicon Photomultiplier Photon Detection Efficiency at Liquid Nitrogen Temperature
Authors: Borden S. , Detwiler J.A. , Pettus W. , Ruof N.W.
Published: December 2024

The detection of individual photons at cryogenic
temperatures is of interest to many experiments searching for
physics beyond the Standard Model. Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs)
are often deployed in liquid argon or liquid xenon to detect
scintillation light either directly or after it has been
wavelength-shifted. Maximizing the photon detection efficiency (PDE)
of the SiPMs used in these experiments optimizes the sensitivity to
new physics; however, the PDEs of commercial SiPMs, although well
known at room temperature, are not well characterized at the
cryogenic temperatures at which many experiments operate them. Here
we present results from an experimental setup that measures the
photon detection efficiencies of silicon photomultipliers at liquid
nitrogen temperature, 77 K. Results from a KETEK PM3325-WB-D0 and a
Hamamatsu S13360-3050CS silicon photomultiplier — of R&D interest
to the LEGEND experiment — exhibit a decrease in photon detection
efficiency greater than 20% at liquid nitrogen temperature relative
to room temperature for 562 nm light.
Enhanced resistance to drug-induced liver injury using glycyrrhetinic acid modified-transferrin nanoparticles loading hepatocyte growth factor
Authors: Cui Xin , Wang Weilin , Cheng Yufeng , Li Shasha , Li Fei
Published: December 2024

(1) Background: drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a prevalent global health concern that necessitates urgent development of safe and effective treatment options for patients. Drug-carrying nanoparticles have garnered significant attention for disease treatments due to their capacity to enhance drug solubility, provide drug protection, and prolong release duration, thereby improving drug bioavailability and increasing therapeutic efficacy. In this study, we initially present a nanostructured carrier incorporating glycyrrhetinic acid and transferrin. The experiments prove that this carrier can achieve the targeted and prolonged delivery of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF); (2) Methods: HGF was loaded to the nanocarrier successfully with HGF modified glycyrrhetinic acid by ultrasound techniques, and subsequently characterized by particle size, zeta potential, drug loading capacity and encapsulation efficiency, morphology and release kinetics in vitro. The hepatoprotective effects were evaluated by cell proliferation, cellular uptake, apoptosis, ALT and AST levels in three-dimensional spherical liver injury cell models induced by paracetamol and rifampicin; (3) Results: the drug-carrying nanoparticles were synthesized successfully with favorable nanoparticle characteristics. The optimal dosage ratio was determined to be 42.47%. In vitro studies demonstrated that the nanoparticles released HGF continuously, thereby prolonging the action time and effectively protecting liver injury cell models from drug-induced hepatotoxicity. For the two kinds of DILI cell models, the capacity of the drug-carrying nanoparticles to enhance cellular proliferation was superior to that of HGF, magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate and their physical mixture. The results of cell uptake experiments showed that HepG2/C3A cells had a high uptake rate of the drug-carrying nanoparticles, especially evidenced by the enhanced fluorescence signal in the nucleus, indicating the targeted effect mediated by the drug-carrying nanoparticles. The results of flow cytometry, apoptosis, biochemical indexes and cytotoxicity tests exhibited consistency. All in all, the drug-carrying nanoparticles demonstrated a stronger protective effect; (4) Conclusions: the drug-carrying nanoparticles exhibits potential as a therapeutic agent with heptoprotective properties.
Emergence of superradiance in dissipative dipolar-coupled spin systems
Authors: Saha Saptarshi , Ibrahim Yeshma , Bhattacharyya Rangeet
Published: December 2024

In the superradiance phenomenon, a collection of non-interacting atoms exhibits collective dissipation due to interaction with a common radiation field, resulting in a non-monotonic decay profile. This work shows that the dissipative dipolar-coupled systems exhibit an identical collective dissipation aided by the nonsecular part of the dipolar coupling. We consider a simplified dipolar network where the dipolar interaction between the spin-pairs is assumed to be identical. For a suitable choice of the initial condition, the resulting dynamics requires dealing with a smaller subspace that helps extend the analysis to a larger spin network. To include the nonsecular dipolar relaxation, we use a fluctuation-regulated quantum master equation. Moreover, we find that for an ensemble of N spins, the maximum intensity of the radiation exhibits a nearly quadratic scaling (N
2), and the dipolar relaxation time follows an inverse square proportionality (

1

/

N
2

); these two observations help characterize the emergence of superradiance. Our results agree well with the standard results of pure spin superradiance observed experimentally in various systems.
Modeling the dynamical behavior of the passenger-taxi queue matching problem at traffic hubs
Authors: Yang Qiaoli , Li Jingjing , Wang Wenjun , Xu Meng
Published: December 2024

Taxis are one of the most important modes of transport in major passenger traffic hubs. Due to the inherent unpredictability of passenger arrivals and their strong correlation with passenger arrival times, it often results in excessively long passenger queues if a large number of passengers arrive suddenly, or excessively long taxi queues at the other end if a few passengers arrive during the non-burst period at the taxi stand in the traffic hubs. In particular, when a sudden arrival of a large number of passengers fails to evacuate in a short period of time, followed by another burst in passenger arrivals, the service performance of the system deteriorates dramatically. In order to quantitatively analyze the dynamical queueing behavior of the passenger-taxi matching problem at transport hubs against the background of many uncertain factors, we propose a double-input matching model based on queueing theory, which covers basic practical elements, including time-varying arrivals of passengers and taxis, a randomly matched number of passengers, a random matching time, and multiple waiting queues. We determine the steady-state condition of the system, derive the steady-state queue length probability distributions of passengers and taxis, and further obtain the overall average queueing performance metrics of passengers and taxis and the dynamic queueing metrics over time. Numerical simulations examine the impact of the stochastic arrival process of passengers over a long period of time on the dynamical performance metrics of the system. In particular, for continuous and discontinuous bursty arrivals of passengers over a period of time, we clarify how the long queues caused by bursty arrivals of passengers dissipate at subsequent times and also examine the impact of variations in passenger arrival rates during a specific time period on queueing performance throughout the system.
Cellular automata model for period-n synchronization: a new universality class
Authors: Joshi Divya D , Gade Prashant M
Published: December 2024

There are few known universality classes of absorbing phase transitions in one dimension and most models fall in the well-known directed percolation (DP) class. Synchronization is a transition to an absorbing state and this transition is often DP class. With local coupling, the transition is often to a fixed point state. Transitions to a periodic synchronized state are possible. We model those using a cellular automata model with states 1 to n. The rules are a) each site in state i changes to state i + 1 for i < n and 1 if i = n. b) After this update, it takes the value of either neighbour unless it is in state 1. With these rules, we observe a transition to synchronization with critical exponents different from those of DP for n > 2. For n = 2, a different exponent is observed.
A universal feature for the Higgs phenomenon in Anti de Sitter space
Authors: Porrati Massimo , Zaffaroni Alberto
Published: December 2024

In Anti de Sitter space both massive and massless high-spin particles can have consistent local interactions. Both can couple to conserved currents. In this paper we show that when the particles have spin one or greater, there exists a universal feature associated to the particle becoming massive: the currents possess a non-vanishing boundary flux.
Jointly correcting lens distortion of structured light systems
Authors: Liu Shu , Zhang Geyou , Lau Daniel L , Zhang Bo , Xu Bin , Liu Kai
Published: December 2024

In structured light illumination, lens distortions in both the camera and the projector compromise the accuracy of 3D reconstruction. Typically, existing methods separately compensate for camera and projector lens distortion. In this paper, we report a novel joint distortion model that analytically relates distorted 3D coordinate to its undistorted counterpart, thereby directly recovering distortion-free 3D coordinate from distorted one. First, we conduct a typical 3D scanning to have the distorted 3D coordinate. Second, we derive a set of linear equations of undistorted coordinate, whose coefficient matrix is represented by the distorted 3D coordinate and calibration parameters. Finally, we straightforwardly compute the corrected 3D coordinate using the least square method. Extensive experiments show that, compared with the distorted point cloud, our method effectively reduces the lens distortion of the system by a factor of 5  in root mean squared error, outperforming the existing methods in terms of accuracy.
Dynamic tunable multi-channel ultra-narrowband absorber based on hollowed-out trapezoidal Si–graphene–Au metasurface
Authors: Liu Jukun , Lu Zongnian , Dai Hongxiang , Ju Jiaqi , Zhao Hongwei , Cao Kaiqiang
Published: December 2024

Dynamic tunable metasurfaces are of great interest for their optical modulation properties. This study proposes a metasurface with a rectangular hole etched from a silicon square. By converting this rectangular hole into a trapezoid, we disrupt the symmetry, transforming the symmetry-protected bound states in the continuum (BICs) into a quasi-BIC state, achieving triple Fano resonances with a maximum Q factor of 1074. The results of the multipole analysis suggest resonance modes are toroidal dipole, electric quadrupole and magnetic dipole, respectively. A typical dielectric/dielectric/metal structure is then formed by adding an Au layer below the original structure. The polarized-light absorption of the metasurface is found to be unaffected by the angle of incident light. An analysis of the thickness of the Si is studied on the effect of absorption. Eventually, a single layer of graphene is incorporated at the bottom of the Si. The dynamic modulation of the three absorption peaks of the composite metasurface is achieved by controlling the bias voltage to alter the Fermi level E
f of graphene. The Si–graphene–Au structure has a sensitivity of 252.5 nm RIU−1 and the maximum performance value of 126.25 RIU−1 at E
f
= 1 eV. These results indicate that this composite metasurface has potential applications in the research of sensor direction.
Carrier-envelope phase-stable few-cycle pulses from two stage hybrid compression of a Yb:KGW amplifier
Authors: Khatri Dipendra , Truong Tran-Chau , Kincaid Chelsea , Lantigua Christopher , Chini Michael
Published: December 2024

Next-generation attosecond spectroscopies require high-repetition-rate driving lasers with few-cycle pulse duration, stable carrier-envelope phase (CEP), and ease of operation. Industrial-grade Yb-doped solid-state regenerative amplifiers perform very well at high repetition rates, but their relatively long pulse durations necessitate post-compression techniques with large compression factor to reach the few-cycle limit. Here, we demonstrate the two-stage hybrid nonlinear compression of 280 fs pulses from a Yb:KGW regenerative amplifier to 5.6 fs, 142 μJ, with an overall transmission efficiency of >70%. In the first stage, a gas filled multi-pass cell is used to compress the pulses down to 38 fs, while a second stage gas filled hollow-core fiber further compresses the pulses to below two optical cycles. We also demonstrate the stabilization of the CEP in the compressed pulse, with a measured root-mean-squared error of 423 mrad on a shot-to-shot basis.
Preparation of carbon quantum dots/fly ash/steel slag particle electrodes and their performance in rhodamine B removal
Authors: Chang Na , Li Yongsheng , He Jianxiang , Jiao Pengfei , Chen Yanxin
Published: December 2024

Fly ash and steel slag are industrial wastes, and their resourceful treatment has been challenging. This study generated fly ash/steel slag particle electrodes (FA/SS PEs) using fly ash and steel slag as raw materials. Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) fabricated from semi-coke were then loaded onto their surface to produce CQDs/FA/SS PEs. The samples were characterized by SEM, nitrogen adsorption, XRD, and electrochemical measurements. The results show that FA/SS PEs present a favorable electrocatalytic performance for rhodamine B (RhB) in the three-dimensional reaction system owing to their rich pore structures and an active component (Fe2O3), the other metal oxides in FA and SS become the backbone of FA/SS PEs during the preparation process. CQDs could promote the electrocatalytic performance of the FA/SS PEs due to their defect-rich surface and high specific surface area. The RhB degradation rate over CQDs/FA/SS PEs increased by approximately 10% compared to that over FA/SS PEs at a reaction time of 60 min, and it could reach 100% at pH 2 and a reaction time of 45 min over CQDs/FA/SS PEs. The RhB degradation process mainly involves a three-dimensional electrochemical-Fenton process over CQDs/FA/SS PEs, and CQDs/FA/SS PEs act as both the particle electrode of the three-dimensional reaction system and the catalyst for Fenton oxidation.
Strategy and experimental progress of the EXL-50U spherical torus in support of the EHL-2 project
Authors: SHI 石 Yuejiang 跃江 , SONG 宋 Xianming 显明 , GUO 郭 Dong 栋 , JIANG 姜 Xinchen 欣辰 , GU 顾 Xiang 翔 , DONG 董 Lili 力立 , WANG 王 Xueyun 雪韵 , SUN 孙 Tiantian 恬恬 , TAN 谭 Muzhi 沐芝 , CHEN 陈 Zhengyuan 正元 , YANG 杨 Guang 光 , YANG 杨 Danke 丹可 , XIE 谢 Huasheng 华生 , ZHAO 赵 Hanyue 寒月 , LIU 刘 Yong 勇 , TAO 陶 Renyi 仁义 , LI 李 Jia 佳 , LI 李 Songjian 松建 , GAO 高 Fan 凡 , ZHAO 赵 Yihang 毅航 , ZHANG 张 Yupeng 宇鹏 , ZHANG 张 Cong 聪 , HE 何 Hongda 宏达 , YANG 杨 Enwu 恩武 , YANG 杨 Yuanming 圆明 , WANG 王 Yu 宇 , SONG 宋 Shaodong 绍栋 , HAN 韩 Lei 磊 , XING 邢 Bo 博 , LI 李 Pengmin 鹏敏 , WANG 王 Zhenxing 振兴 , ZHOU 周 Peihai 培海 , LUO 罗 Wenwu 文武 , WANG 王 Yumin 嵎民 , LIU 刘 Bing 兵 , WU 吴 Chao 超 , ZHAO 赵 Xin 鑫 , LIANG 梁 Yunfeng 云峰 , DONG 董 Jiaqi 家齐 , YUAN 袁 Baoshan 保山 , PENG 彭 Y-K Martin 元凯 , LIU 刘 Minsheng 敏胜 , Team the EXL-50U
Published: December 2024

The EXL-50U is China’s first large spherical torus device with a toroidal field reaching 1 T. The major radius of the EXL-50U ranges from 0.6 m to 0.8 m, with an aspect ratio of 1.4−1.8. The goal of plasma current in the first experimental phase is 500 kA, and in the future second phase, the goal of plasma current is 1 MA. On the EXL-50U project, the ENN fusion team expeditiously accomplished a series of comprehensive tasks including physical and engineering design, main component construction installation, and system commissioning, all within a mere eighteen-month timeframe. In the experiments of 2024, the EXL-50U achieved a 500 kA limiter configuration discharge using ECRH (Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating) for non-inductive current start-up and a current ramp-up with the synergetic effect of ECRH and central solenoid (CS). Preliminary divertor configuration plasmas were also obtained under 200 kA plasma current. The core ion temperature of 1 keV was achieved with low-power NBI heating, and the energy confinement time of 30 ms was reached with Ohmic heating in the flat-top phase. The current and future experiments of EXL-50U will strongly support the physical design and operational scenarios of EHL-2 in the areas of current drive, high ion temperature exploration, energy transport and confinement, and hydrogen-boron physical characteristics. At the same time, the experience in the design, construction, and commissioning of the engineering, heating, and diagnostics systems on EXL-50U is also very beneficial for enhancing the feasibility of the engineering design for EHL-2.
Magnetohydrodynamic simulation study of impurity radiation-excited and driven tearing mode
Authors: Zu Yiming , Ma Zhiwei , Xu Yuchen
Published: December 2024

Tearing modes may play an important role in the density limit disruption. The Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) code CLT with impurity modules is used to study the tearing mode excited and driven by impurity radiation. The impurity radiation can lead to plasma contraction and local enhancement of the current density. When the locally enhanced region of the current density approaches to the resonance surface, the tearing mode can be excited, even if the tearing mode is stable in the initial equilibrium. Through a scan of the initial atomic number (Z) and impurity concentrations, it is found that impurities with different Z values exhibit similar behaviors in the radiation-driven tearing mode. The impurity radiation can drive tearing mode growth through temperature cooling near the resonance surface, and there exists a linear relationship between the temperature perturbation caused by impurity radiation and the linear growth rate of the tearing mode. Additionally, the impurity can promote the growth of magnetic islands through the radiation cooling inside the magnetic island, and there exists a correlation between the initial parameters of impurity and the width of the saturated magnetic island.
The role of natural resource rent, economic sustainability, and renewable energy consumption on greenhouse gas emissions: an asymmetric analysis
Authors: Shang Fei , Akhtar Rulia , Masud Muhammad Mehedi , Salahuddin Sarah
Published: December 2024

In the last twenty years, the extraction and utilisation of resources have markedly increased, resulting in environmental problems such as resource depletion, smog, and climate change. As industrialization continues to grow, research increasingly focuses on the relationship between natural resource depletion and CO2 emissions. So, this study aims to find out how natural resource rent (NRT), economic sustainability (ES), and renewable energy consumption (REC) affect Malaysia’s total greenhouse gas emissions (TGS) from 1990 to 2022. The nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) method was employed. We collected a total of 32 years of data from the World Bank based on availability. Based on the results, TGS will eventually benefit significantly from the increase in oil and mineral rent. But in the short run, a negative change in oil rent has significant positive effects, and a positive change in mineral rent has significant negative effects on total greenhouse gas emissions. There is also a positive change in natural gas, and coral rent has significant negative effects on TGS emissions in the long run. However, a negative change in oil rent has a significant negative impact on TGS emissions. It also found that consumption of renewable energy has a negative correlation with TGS emissions and economic sustainability has a positive relationship with TGS emissions. Malaysia should transition to renewable energy to mitigate GHG emissions by incentivising investments, diminishing fossil fuel subsidies, and implementing more stringent natural resource restrictions. Strengthened enforcement of environmental regulations, investment in cleaner technologies, and public knowledge of sustainability are essential.
Unlocking the potential of digital finance: a perspective based on the quality of corporate environmental information disclosure
Authors: Yu Xinxin , Yu Caihong , Zhao Yanjie , Peng Haosen , Yuan Renmiao , Feng Shuran
Published: December 2024

A pressing issue for both academia and industry is determining how to improve the quality of corporate environmental information disclosure. This study investigates the impact of digital finance on the quality of such disclosure, focusing on non-financial listed companies in China’s Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share markets from 2011 to 2022. The findings are as follows: First, digital finance and its sub-dimensions exert a significant positive influence on disclosure quality, a conclusion validated through a series of robustness checks. Second, a channel mechanism analysis reveals that digital finance enhances disclosure quality primarily by alleviating financing constraints and reducing agency costs, reflecting its effects on resource acquisition and corporate governance. Third, the positive influence of digital finance is more pronounced under weaker environmental regulation and lower public pressure for environmental accountability, suggesting that digital finance functions as an effective complement to existing environmental information supervision. This study contributes to the literature by elucidating the consequences of digital finance for corporate environmental information disclosure and extending the theoretical framework of digital finance in the context of green development.
Traffic stream characteristics at mid-block locations with un-controlled pedestrian crossings: a case study of Bengaluru city
Authors: Kannur Bhupati , Chore H S , Mathad Vinaykumar S
Published: December 2024

At un-signalized midblock locations, the haphazard and uncontrolled crossing of pedestrians affects the vehicular traffic on the road, its speed, flow and density. This also affects the level of service on the road. This article presents a case study to analyze the same. As a process of transportation system planning to identify the cause and to give short-term and long-term remedies for the safe movement of pedestrians without causing hindrance to the traffic stream a case study was carried out in a metropolitan city of Bengaluru (Karnataka). Six un-signalized midblock locations with different roadway conditions in the city were studied. Analysis through the ANOVA test shows that pedestrian crossing at such locations significantly affects the flow characteristics. The speeds of vehicles as well as traffic flow rate are found to reduce while vehicular density is found to increase. The effect on heavy vehicles (trucks, buses) is found to be insignificant. The stream speed reduction in the range of 7% to 44% is observed at the pedestrian crossing sections compared to the stream speeds at sections without pedestrian crossings of the same study locations. The capacity of the roadway under consideration decreases only if pedestrian crossings are significant (more than 7% of total traffic). The effect is, further, pronounced with an increase in the number of pedestrians crossing per unit time. Pedestrians crossing with baggage are found to have more effect as compared to those crossing the road stretches without baggage. The study highlights the importance of proper planning, design, construction and maintenance of pedestrian crossing facilities and barriers in the metropolitan city. A multi-criteria decision-making method (MCDM) called Vise Kriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) was adopted to prioritise the planning and improvement of the study locations based on different criteria to minimize the effect of such pedestrian crossings.