bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Institutional structures and individual stories: experiences from the front lines of Indigenous educational development in higher education
Authors: Raffoul Jessica , Ward Jennifer , Calvez Stryker , Kartolo Arief , Haque Aisha , Holmes Trevor , Attas Robin , Kechego Jaimie , Kustra Erika , Mooney Julie
Published: April 2022

Since the release of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) of Canada’s Calls to Action in 2015, many post-secondary institutions have hired educational developers (EDs) to support instructors in the Indigenization of curricula and pedagogy. Drawing from a Canada-wide study, and best practices identified in the literature, this article explores the experiences of educational developers EDs in these roles, and proposes strategies for how institutions of higher education can better foster transformative change and practices inclusive of First Peoples in Canada.
Socio-Environmental Determinants and Human Health Exposures in Arid and Semi-Arid Zones of Iran—Narrative Review
Authors: Kalankesh Laleh R. , Rodriguez-Couto Susana , Alami Ali , Khosravan Shahla , Meshki Mehdi , Ahmadov Elshan , Mohammadpour Ali , Bahri Narjes
Published: April 2022

Lifestyle is different in arid and semi-arid zones. However, where people are born and live have a lasting influence on their social and environmental exposure. This review focuses on the, various dimensions of environmental health imbalance inequality especially in significant environmental sources such as (ie, air, water, soil) among provinces that creates a big health gap in the center, East and the Southeast of Iran. Thus, the population of the arid and semi-arid zones of Iran is facing respiratory, cardiovascular, cancer and infection diseases linked to environmental problems such as chemical and microbial pollution due to air pollution and unsafe water sources, respectively. The prevalence of certain types of cancer such as skin, stomach, bladder, prostate and colorectal cancer together with some respiratory and cardiovascular diseases in arid and semiarid zones such as Kerman, Yazd, etc., has been reported in comparison with other provinces frequently. These impacts have effects on multiple levels of health security in those zones. Based on these concerns, we propose key questions that should guide research in the context of the socio environmental science to support science-based management actions in Iran and other similar semi-arid areas worldwide.
Preferences for single-party versus multi-party governments
Authors: Bowler Shaun , Freebourn Justin , Teten Paul , Donovan Todd , Vowles Jack
Published: April 2022

The literature on comparative political institutions highlights a tradeoff between majoritarian/plurality and proportional/consensus models of democracy. The former arrangement is said to enhance having governing parties held accountable. The latter is said to promote representation of a range of views, with a coalition of multiple parties governing. A tradeoff may be that the representativeness of multi-party coalitions can make it difficult for voters to hold government accountable, while single-party governments that facilitate accountability might fail to represent a range of parties in government. The ability of voters to respond to such differences is, however, subject to some skepticism given that the public opinion literature finds serious limits on a person’s ability to know basic facts about political institutions, let alone have preferences for governments that reflect democratic norms of accountability and representativeness. We assess public preferences for single versus multi-party governments and find evidence of systematic preferences that suggests people may link democratic norms of accountability and representativeness to the governmental system that promotes the respective norm. Preferences are also associated with the party system that people are familiar with.
Physical activity opportunities for secondary school students: International best practices for whole-of-school physical activity programs
Authors: McMullen Jaimie M. , Kallio Jouni , Tammelin Tuija H.
Published: April 2022

The World Health Organization ([WHO], 2018 ) encourages schools to engage with a multi-component, whole-of-school approach to physical activity promotion. However, little evidence exists describing the practices of schools that successfully promote a physically active school culture. The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the best practices of “active” secondary schools. Three schools, each in a different country (i.e. the United States, Finland, and Ireland), were identified as sites for investigation based on the presence of nationally established whole-of-school physical activity initiatives. Data were collected in one secondary school in each country and were generated from several sources including semi-structured interviews with stakeholders, field notes, three days of on-site observation, and artifact collection. Inductive analysis using open and axial coding was conducted ( Corbin and Strauss, 2008 ). Three common themes related to best practices were evident at each site: an established school-based leader, support from the school community, and many available physical activity opportunities. Successful school-based physical activity promotion is possible if there is a motivated physical activity champion and if their promotion efforts are supported. These schools created multiple physical activity opportunities for students and have developed a strong physical activity culture.
“I’m an adult now”: Health risk behaviors and identifying as an adult
Authors: Culatta Elizabeth , Clay-Warner Jody
Published: April 2022

Is identifying as an adult associated with lower rates of participation in risky behaviors? This study focuses on how identity affects health behaviors for young adults. We use an original sample of over 500 18- to 29-year-olds in the United States to explore how self-identification as an adult is associated with three clusters of health risk behaviors: substance use, risky sexual behavior, and risky driving behavior. Consistent with our predictions, we find that viewing oneself as an adult is associated with lower levels of participation in each of the health risk behavior outcomes.
A scoping review of the Choice and Partnership Approach in child and adolescent mental health services
Authors: Pajer Kathleen , Pastrana Carlos , Gardner William , Sivakumar Aditi , York Ann
Published: April 2022

Child and adolescent mental health (CAMH) problems are prevalent and inefficient mental health (MH) care systems can contribute to poor outcomes. The Choice and Partnership Approach (CAPA) is a MH care delivery model aiming to provide efficient, high-quality care. Although widely used, no CAPA research review exists. We conducted a scoping review to fill this gap. Medline, Embase, and PsycINFO databases were searched from inception to June 2021. Grey Matters and Google were used to search the grey literature. We identified 5322 records. Removal of duplicates left 4720 documents, which were successively screened and data extracted by pairs of co-authors. The final dataset comprised six published and three non-published studies, conducted primarily at CAMH sites in England, Scotland, Australia, or Canada. Each study had multiple research objectives, which we summarized into seven categories. Positive outcomes were reported for most objectives, but attributing causality to CAPA was hampered by research methodology. Observational designs were used in all studies and approaches to analyzing data varied considerably. Research gaps included the lack of healthcare economics studies of CAPA and no assessment of facilitators and barriers. Current research on CAPA provides intriguing findings meriting further investigation. We suggest strategies to improve future studies.
Strength-constrained simultaneous optimization of topology and fiber orientation of fiber-reinforced composite structures for additive manufacturing
Authors: Ma Guowei , Yang Wenwei , Wang Li
Published: April 2022

Additive manufacturing (AM) enables flexible fabrication of lightweight fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) structures with topological optimized geometries and fiber orientations. However, premature failure may occur if the manufactured FRC structure is not properly designed against stress distribution. The present study develops a strength-constrained optimization algorithm by considering the 3D printed filament embedded with fiber to be orthotropic material. The Tsai–Wu criterion is incorporated in the topological and fiber orientation optimization process. The element density and the fiber angle are formulated as design variables to simultaneously optimize the distribution of matrix and fiber. Meanwhile, both design variables are filtered to prevent checkerboard patterns of matrix elements and to ensure the continuity of fiber angle. A P-norm approach combined with an adaptive normalization scheme is employed to achieve the global strength constraint and reduce the difference between the P-norm value and the actual maximum Tsai–Wu value. Sensitivity analysis of objective function and strength-constraint conditions with respect to design variables is carried out and it serves as a basis for the method of moving asymptotes. Topological optimization of three typical numerical examples under different loading conditions are conducted and the effectiveness of the proposed method is validated. 73.7% decrease in maximum Tsai–Wu value of the optimized L-shaped beam as well as a slight increase (∼0.2%) in compliance are obtained in comparison with the compliance-based design result.
A prediction model of emission characteristics of oil particles induced by milling process: Emission rate and size distribution
Authors: Wang Fei , Li Zhenhai , Wang Xin , Yang Yang
Published: April 2022

The use of metalworking fluids (MWFs) in the milling process can cause emissions of a large amount of oil particles, which can induce respiratory and immune system diseases of workers. This work examined the emission characteristics of oil particles caused by the milling process. A closed test chamber containing a real milling machine was built. The emission rates of oil particles in various sizes using five kinds of MWFs were measured, and the influence of the rotation speed of the spindle in the milling machine and the physical properties of MWFs on the oil particle emission characteristics was analysed. In addition, a prediction model of emission rate and size distribution of oil particles was introduced. Based on the measured data of oil particle emission rates in each size, the morphological particle size, distribution index and atomization coefficient in the prediction model are fitted. The deviation between the predicted and measured values of the emission rates is about 5%, which confirms the accuracy of the model. The prediction model is helpful for pollution control and ventilation strategy formulation in typical machining plants.
The dilemma after an unforeseen aortic arch anomalies at thoracoscopic repair of esophageal atresia: Is curtailing surgery still a necessity?
Authors: Seleim Hamed M. , Wishahy Ahmed M.K. , Magdy Basma , Elseoudi Mohamed , Zakaria Rania H. , Kaddah Sherif N. , Elbarbary Mohamed M.
Published: April 2022

Background and objective:

There are several forms of relevant epi-aortic branching anomalies, and perhaps that is why different views as to the best approach have been reported. To help resolve this dilemma, we examined the unforeseen arch anomalies found at thoracoscopic repair of esophageal atresia and the outcomes.

Methods:

In a retrospective cohort, all consecutive patients who were thoracoscopically approached for esophageal atresia over a 5-year period with unforeseen aortic/epi-aortic branching were identified and grouped. Thoracoscopic views, operative interventions, and outcomes were studied.

Results:

A total of 121 neonates were thoracoscopically approached for EA, of whom 18 cases with aberrant aortic architecture were selected. Four (3%) cases were diagnosed on a preoperative echocardiography as a right-sided aortic arch, whereas unforeseen anomalous anatomies were reported in 14 cases (11.6%): left aortic arch with an aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA) (n = 10), right-sided aortic arch with an aberrant left subclavian artery (ALSA) (n = 3), and mirror-image right arch (n = 1). Single postoperative mortality was reported among the group with left arch and ARSA (10%), whereas all the cases with right arch and ALSA died.

Conclusions:

In all, 11.6% of the studied series exhibited unexpected aberrant aortic architecture, with higher complication rates in comparison to the typical thoracoscopic repairs. For EA with left aortic arch and ARSA, the primary esophageal surgery could safely be completed. Meanwhile, curtailing surgery—after ligating the TEF—to get advanced imaging is still advised for both groups with the right arch due to the significant existence of vascular rings.
Is it better to strike a balance? How exposure to congruent and incongruent opinion climates on social networking sites impacts users’ processing and selection of information
Authors: Cargnino Manuel , Neubaum German
Published: April 2022

The growing significance of social networking sites (SNSs) as venues for political exchanges between citizens raises questions on the consequences of their use. This pre-registered experiment ( N = 704) aexamined to what extent a gradual variation of congruence between users’ opinions and the opinion climate they encounter on SNSs affect their strength of opinion and selective exposure. No effects were found from the level of congruence on selective exposure, while exploratory analyses suggested that exposure to overly congruent opinion climates can lead to marginally stronger opinions. Building on research into political social identities which suggests polarizing effects of the latter, interaction effects of users’ ideological identities and exposure to opinions on SNS were additionally investigated. However, the present work found no indication that effects of congruence are modulated by identity salience. Taken together, findings of this study suggest that socially divisive effects of like-minded or non-like-minded opinion climates conveyed by SNS may be limited.
The relationship between humanitarian NGO communication and user engagement on Twitter
Authors: Dimitrova Daniela , Heidenreich Tobias , Georgiev Teodor Antonio
Published: April 2022

One of the few actors whose mission is to provide support and advocacy for refugee communities with limited access to information and services are humanitarian non-governmental organizations (NGOs). This study examines the narratives produced by the leading humanitarian NGOs on one of the most popular social media platforms today—namely, Twitter. The study investigates which narratives are most popular among global NGOs and whether the way they frame the refugee issue is related to Twitter engagement. The findings contribute to scholarship on online communication and user engagement, and also inform humanitarian NGO practices and policy discussions regarding media and migration.
The ILO World Employment Program research agenda on development and migration
Authors: Jensen Jill
Published: April 2022

The International Labour Organization (ILO) seeks to build consensus for a ‘fair migration agenda’ while linking development goals with the rights of migrant workers across national borders. Since the main drivers of international migration are employment-related, this is a topic of extreme concern for the readers of this special issue. Given the differences between nations and regions – between labor sending and labor receiving countries – promoting such an agenda is complicated, and ILO labor standards apply almost exclusively to workers crossing international borders. Nations aim to provide opportunities for their citizens, and international movement, in the words of an ILO specialist in migration from years ago, remains a second-best option compared to securing decent work at home. The challenge is how to nurture opportunities in countries that lack the resources and capital but have ample numbers looking for remunerative work. This article evaluates an historical example of attention to both development and migration in the 1970s and 1980s. Linking the dynamics of domestic migration, economic growth, and the structure of labor markets in poorer nations, I evaluate two important concepts that stemmed from research of this era: surplus labor and basic human needs. Through review of historical documents, including archival material and a multiplicity of reports, papers, and strategy guidelines, I seek to describe ILO projects and proposals meant to deal, simultaneously, with poverty, migration, and development.
Liquid biopsy markers for early diagnosis of brain metastasis patients with breast cancer by metabolomics
Authors: Özer Özge , Nemutlu Emirhan , Reçber Tuba , Eylem Cemil Can , Aktas Burak Yasin , Kır Sedef , Kars Ayse , Aksoy Sercan
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and is the second most common cause of cancer related mortality. Metabolomics, the identification of small metabolites, is a technique for determining the amount of these metabolites. Objectives: This study aimed to identify markers for the early diagnosis of brain metastasis by metabolomic methods in breast cancer patients. Methods: A total of 88 breast cancer patients with distant metastases were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups according to their metastasis status: patients with brain metastases and distant metastases without any brain metastases. Liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-qTOF-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis methods were used for metabolomic analyses. Results: 33 of them, 88 patients had brain metastasis, and 55 patients had distant metastases without brain metastasis. A total of 72 and 35 metabolites were identified by the GC-MS and LC-qTOF-MS analysis, respectively. 47 of them were found to be significantly different in patients with brain metastasis. The pathway analysis, performed with significantly altered metabolites, showed that aminoacyl tRNA biosynthesis, valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism pathways significantly altered in patients with brain metastasis. Predictive accuracies for have identifying the brain metastasis were performed with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, and the model with fifteen metabolites has 96.9% accuracy. Conclusions: While these results should be supported by prospective studies, these data are promising for early detection of brain metastasis with markers in liquid biopsy samples.
The social thickening of market futures: Exploring the discursive work of drone visioneers
Authors: Bajde Domen , Nøjgaard Mikkel , Kuruoglu Alev Pinar
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we theorize the “social thickening” of market futures—the process through which imagined market futures take on social and moral significance and gel into shared visions of desirable social futures. Market studies have produced valuable insights into the role of representations and expectations in the constitution of future markets. However, extant research has been primarily concerned with the ways in which narratives of future markets affect the predictive and calculative capacities of market actors faced with uncertainty. In contrast, this paper draws attention to the social and normative aspects of discursive market future-making. Inspired by work on socio-technical imaginaries (STIs) and visioneering, we investigate how market visioneers such as consultancies, focal industry players, and mainstream media contribute to the “social thickening” of market futures in the context of commercial drones. Based on a qualitative analysis of a corpus of texts (consultancy reports, news media articles, and promotional videos), we uncover four discursive techniques of visioneering through which market futures are socially thickened: presencing, prospecting, problematizing, and entwining futures. Our study extends current theorizing of discursive market making and opens avenues for future research of market visioneering.
Acceptance and coverage of fast invitation methods to in-the-moment surveys
Authors: Ochoa Carlos , Revilla Melanie
Published: April 2022

When asking survey participants about past events, respondents might not properly recall the requested information. Surveying participants right when an event of interest occurs should reduce these recall errors.

Such “in-the-moment surveys” are used nowadays but only in very specific occasions. Online panels that ask their members to share their online behaviors (metered panels) offer a new opportunity to use in-the-moment surveys whenever an online event of interest is detected.

Previous research shows that the willingness to participate in in-the-moment surveys is notably high in metered panels, but even panellists willing to participate may fail to do so if they do not see the invitation in time. Very little is known about how participants perceive the different invitation methods available.

A survey of members of a metered panel in Spain reveals that invitation methods deployed on smartphones get higher levels of acceptance and coverage, and are perceived as fastest. Moreover, offering several invitation methods on different devices would maximize the opportunities to participate in time, making them more feasible.
Care home practitioners’ perceptions of the barriers and facilitators for using off-the-shelf gaming technology with people with dementia
Authors: Hicks Ben , Karim Anomita , Jones Erin , Burgin Malcolm , Cutler Clare , Tang Wen , Thomas Sarah , Nyman Samuel R
Published: April 2022

Background: Off-the-shelf digital gaming technology has been shown to support the well-being of people with dementia. Yet, to date, it is rarely adopted within dementia care practice, particularly within care homes. Drawing on a descriptive, qualitative approach, this is the first study that has sought to explore care home practitioners’ perceptions of the barriers and facilitators for using gaming technology within their workplace. Method: Data were collected across eight focus groups in the south of England with a total of 39 care home workers. These were analysed inductively following the 6-stage thematic process as outlined by Braun and Clarke (2006). Findings: Three themes, constructed from the data suggested, the care environment, staff knowledge and skills for inclusive gaming, and staff perceptions about capabilities (their own and those of people with dementia) inhibited or facilitated the use of gaming technology in care homes. The findings were interpreted through a combination of the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation and Behaviour model and the Theoretical Domains Framework to provide theory-based insights into the mechanisms for supporting behaviour change and implementation within the care home context. Conclusions: We argue for the need to target wider institutional barriers alongside providing inclusive training for care staff on incorporating gaming technology within their person-centred care approaches. Through these mechanisms, they can be provided with the capabilities, opportunities and motivation to integrate gaming technology within their practice, and thus facilitate the process of culture change within care homes.
The trajectory of the right to the city in Recife, Brazil: From belonging towards inclusion
Authors: da Silva Sven , de Vries Pieter
Published: April 2022

In 1967, Henri Lefebvre developed the Right to the City (RTC) as ‘a cry and demand’ for ‘a transformed and renewed right to urban life’. In Brazil, the RTC was institutionalised in the City Statute in 2001. We examine the trajectory of the RTC in Recife, Brazil, through the lens of Alain Badiou’s set-theoretical ontology of inconsistency, which argues that there is a fundamental disjunction between belonging and inclusion. The articulation between belonging and inclusion produces four different arenas of power and categories of being in the city that we develop as a heuristic framework for analysing the trajectory of participation in Recife, where the struggle for the RTC resulted in a system of popular participation. This system operated under the precept that ‘everyone who lives and works here belongs here’, in opposition to urban capital’s drive to include everything and everyone in the market. However, the RTC was captured within a discourse of participation and inclusivity (what we denominate the ‘RTC for All’) becoming an element in a post-political fantasy, resulting in the decay of popular participation. Nevertheless, we argue that the emancipatory and revolutionary potentiality of the RTC, as advocated by Lefebvre, remains powerful as long as the disjuncture between people’s desire for belonging and capital’s drive for inclusion is foregrounded.
Codesign of dynamic collision avoidance and trajectory tracking for autonomous surface vessels with nonlinear model predictive control
Authors: Zheng Jian , Hu Jiayin , Li Yun
Published: April 2022

In this paper, a predictive control scheme for dynamic collision avoidance and formation trajectory tracking of autonomous surface vessels (ASVs) was designed. First, a trajectory-tracking nonlinear controller for ASVs was developed in the framework of model predictive control (MPC). Next, to realize leader-follower formation control, a graph topology approach was proposed to maintain a balanced distance between the leader and followers. Then, a set of nonlinear dynamic collision avoidance constraints based on the time to closest point of approach (TCPA) and distance to closest point of approach (DCPA) models was applied as control constraints. Specifically, the ship collision risk index (CRI) was proposed as a collision avoidance constraint for the controller. Simulation studies with various collision avoidance scenarios and predictive horizons were conducted using the dynamic CyberShip II model. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed codesign scheme for formation tracking control and dynamic collision avoidance. Additionally, the simulation results show that the calculation time of the system was greatly reduced when using a trigger function, with an average calculation time of approximately 0.251 s.
A CNN-integrated percussion method for detection of FRP–concrete interfacial damage with FEM reconstruction
Authors: Kong Qingzhao , Ji Keyan , Gu Jiaxuan , Chen Lin , Yuan Cheng
Published: April 2022

Reinforced concrete (RC) structures are commonly strengthened using externally bonded fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets. The bond between the FRP and concrete is a crucial factor affecting the strengthening effect, and debonding along the FRP–concrete interface is usually accompanied by the fracture of the underlying concrete. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the interface damage of FRP-to-concrete joints and conduct mechanical analysis. However, debonding is invisible damage that occurs inside the underlying FRP layer, which makes damage detection more difficult. To this end, this study fuses a percussion method with a deep learning framework to address the detection of such invisible lesions. Meanwhile, the visualization study provides guidance for later maintenance work. To further illustrate the hazard of the identified lesions, three-dimensional reconstruction for finite element modeling (FEM) with detected damage information based on percussion is proposed to elucidate the mechanical degradation caused by the fracture of underlying concrete. Lastly, the results of this study demonstrate that the detection, visualization, and FEM reconstruction of FRP–concrete interface damage using percussion signals has considerable application potential and is worthy of further study.
Yacek’s Transformative Classroom in the contemporary K-12 system
Authors: Morgan Hannah
Published: April 2022

In his theory of educational transformation, Douglas Yacek outlines the possibility of aspiration as an educational model. In Yacek’s aspirational model, students undergo an awakening, acknowledge their ethical distance, recognize their ethical difference, and then make a resolution to change. After providing the theoretical background in conversation with other theories of transformation, Yacek offers the reader practical tools to actualize the aspirational classroom. This review proceeds to raise questions regarding the applicability of aspirational theory in a contemporary classroom, explicating additional barriers to the project and offering areas where additional research and problem-solving may be necessary.
The Transformative Classroom: Philosophical Foundations and Practical Applications
Authors: Bill Merrifield
Published: April 2022

Douglas Yacek delivers a careful critique of contemporary models of transformative education and presents his own model of the aspiration in The Transformative Classroom. This article examines Yacek's arguments and highlights the need to include the complexities of collectivism and cultural identity in contemporary discussion about educational transformation.
Motivational aspects of transformative education
Authors: Schroeder-Strong Mark
Published: April 2022

Douglas Yacek’s Transformative Education is critiqued according to how well various transformative education practices reflect current motivational theories. The conversion, emancipation, reconstruction, and aspirational strategies are set against popular theories of motivation in education: Deci and Ryan’s Self-Determination Theory, Carol Dweck’s Growth Mindset Theory, and Abraham Maslow’s Human Needs Theory. Overall, the aspirational approach is found to be more consistent with motivational theory, and future directions for the aspirational approach are discussed.
The Standards of Practice for Health Promotion in Higher Education: Critical Wording, Content, and Significance to the Field
Authors: Menefee Sarah E. I. , Entsuah Padma R. , Czachowski Alicia K. , Nevers Joleen M. , Matson Emily A.
Published: April 2022

The Standards of Practice for Health Promotion in Higher Education (Standards of Practice), is a guiding document for the field of Health Promotion. This article, written by Standards of Practice revision authors, highlights important wording, content, and structure within the current edition of the document. By understanding the importance and rationale of these elements, readers will understand how the Standards of Practice illustrates current and future trends in the field.
A detailed investigation of N95 respirator sterilization with dry heat, hydrogen peroxide, and ionizing radiation
Authors: Kumar Amit , Joshi Shailesh , Venkatesan Subramanian , Balasubramanian Venkatraman
Published: April 2022

In the present ongoing pandemic, the N95 respirator is an essential protective barrier to suppress the spread of the SARS-Cov-2 virus and protect the frontline worker from exposure. The N95 respirators are meant for single usage; however, they can be used after sterilization, considering the economy and shortfall in availability. At this juncture, the performance of the respirator after various types of sterilization and usage condition is required to be analyzed in detail. With this motto, this work has proceeded. The respirator’s filtration efficiency (FE), breathing resistance, and quality factor are evaluated for two face velocities (5.8 ± 0.2 and 26.4 ± 0.9 cm/s). Sterilization techniques used here are dry air oven heating at 70–80 ± 3°C for 30 and 60 min, gamma irradiation for cumulative dose 15 and 25 kGy, and soaking in liquid hydrogen peroxide for 30 min. The filtration performance and electrostatic surface charge density are used to determine the facemask’s efficacy after sterilization. The respirator’s physical, chemical, and morphological degradation were investigated using materials area density, microscopic analyses, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, EPR, and TGA analyses. The highest reduction in filtration efficiency is 29.36 ± 0.49–36.08 ± 1.78% after irradiation due to a reduction in the charge density (71–133%) of the respirator layers. However, the FE does not reduce significantly (0.39 ± 0.52 to −2.46 ± 0.60) for dry air heat and H2O2 sterilization despite a change in charge density (0.4–53%), but there is no direct correlation with FE. Electrostatic charge measurement of the filtration layer is a crucial indicator of FE degradation. Hence, dry air heat and H2O2 soaking are found to be the most suitable sterilization methods. No significant degradation was observed on the physical, chemical, and morphological properties of respirators layers after sterilization.
High Versus Low Frequency Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation On Chronic Venous Lower Limb Ulceration Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Elfahl Ahmed M. , Abd El Baky Amal M. , Yousef Mohamed T. , Elgohary Hany M.
Published: April 2022

The major objective of the current paper is to trace and investigate which method is more effective whether the high or the low Transcutaneous electric Nerve Stimulations (TENS) on venous ulcers. A single-blinded, randomized, and controlled trial was done successfully. Sixty venous ulcer patients were divided randomly into three groups; Group (A): control group, Group(B): High-TENS group, and Group(C): Low-TENS group. Group (A), contains twenty participants who received routine medical care and dressing. As for group (B), includes twenty participants who obtained high-frequency TENS; Frequency (80-120) HZ, Intensity (15 - 30 amp), Pulse duration 250 Micro sec, 60 min per session with routine medical care and dressing. The third group (c) L-TENS, encompasses twenty participants who received low-frequency TENS (1-5) HZ; Intensity (30 −80 amp), Pulse duration 250 Micro sec, 60 min per session with routine medical care and dressing. All the participants were examined before and after two months of intervention; four weeks (post1), then after eight weeks (post2). Participants were examined by using (image j) to measure the ulcer area. Saline was used for measuring the ulcer volume, and a visual analog scale was adopted to evaluate pain. After drawing a comparison among the three groups after four weeks and after eight weeks of treatment, a statistically significant decrease (P <0.05) in wound surface area, wound volume, and pain in favor of L-TENS was noticed. It has been found that L- TENS is more effective than H -TENS and is highly recommended in the treatment protocol for such debilitating conditions.
Polysaccharides Produced by the Mushroom Trametes robiniophila Murr Boosts the Sensitivity of Hepatoma Cells to Oxaliplatin via the miR-224-5p/ABCB1/P-gp Axis
Authors: Gou Yudong , Zheng Xia , Li Wenming , Deng Hongyu , Qin Shukui
Published: April 2022

Aim:

To investigate the mechanisms employed by PS-T (polysaccharides of Trametes, PS-T), the main active ingredient of Huaier granules, to improve the susceptibility of hepatoma cells to oxaliplatin (OXA).

Methods:

Cell proliferation in response to PS-T was determined both in vitro and in vivo. The effects of PS-T on miRNAs were analyzed with the use of a microarray. MiRNAs were screened under specific conditions (P < .05, logFoldChange > ABS [1.5]) and further silenced or overexpressed by liposome transfection. Levels of ABCB1 mRNA and P-gp were detected by qRT-PCR and western blot analysis, respectively. A dual fluorescence assay was performed to determine whether miRNA directly targets ABCB1.

Results:

PS-T enhanced the inhibitory effect of OXA in human hepatoma cells and xenografts. Among 5 up-regulated miRNAs, overexpression of only miR-224-5p inhibited the expression of ABCB1 mRNA and P-gp, while silencing of miR-224-5p had an opposite effect. Moreover, miR-224-5p can directly target the 3′-UTR of ABCB1.

Conclusion:

PS-T increases the sensitivity of human hepatoma cells to OXA via the miR-224-5p/ABCB1/P-gp axis.
Zeroing in on Phenotypes While Also Broadening Our Understanding of KCNT1-Related Epilepsy
Authors: Joshi Charuta
Published: April 2022

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Self-Efficacy for Managing Injury After Distal Radius Fracture: A Mixed Methods Exploration
Authors: Stern Brocha Z. , Howe Tsu-Hsin , Njelesani Janet
Published: April 2022

Self-efficacy for managing injury may contribute to variation in clients’ support needs after distal radius fracture (DRF). This study aimed to (a) explore associations between self-efficacy for managing injury and self-reported health and (b) compare qualitative descriptions of the self-management process and outcome between high and low self-efficacy groups. In this cross-sectional convergent mixed methods study, 31 adults aged 45 to 72 with a unilateral DRF completed patient-reported outcome measures and a semi-structured interview 2 to 4 weeks after discontinuing full-time wrist immobilization. Higher self-efficacy was moderately associated with better physical, mental, and social health. The High-Self-Efficacy group described self-directed behaviors to manage injury sequelae and more confidence in their ability to use their injured hand. They also described less disruptive physical and emotional symptoms and fewer participation restrictions compared with the Low-Self-Efficacy group. Findings suggest that occupational therapy practitioners should assess and address self-efficacy for managing DRF sequelae to support recovery.
Mask of the Translator: Walter Benjamin and Metal Gear Solid’s Difficult Relationship with Localization
Authors: McLoughlin John
Published: April 2022

Jeremy Blaustein’s liberal translation of Metal Gear Solid (1998) was a critical creative intercession which helped facilitate the successful localization and positive reception – in the west – of a crucial early project in the development of 3d games. It can also be seen as an unacceptable liberty taken with a carefully produced script, one which too often puts the needs of a western ear ahead of faithfulness to the original. Walter Benjamin’s essay ‘The Task of the Translator’ and its inheritors in translation studies offer a definition of translation and its utility with which one can justify such a creative intervention as a necessary continuation in the life cycle of the original work and an honest interpretation of the game’s paratextual environment; in the localization of Metal Gear Solid Blaustein performed the task of the translator as Benjamin conceived it.
International Regulatory Standards for the Qualitative Measurement of Deep Brain Stimulation in Clinical Research
Authors: Stevens I. , Gilbert F.
Published: April 2022

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has progressed to become a promising treatment modality for neurologic and psychiatric disorders like epilepsy and major depressive disorder due to its growing personalization. Despite evidence pointing to the benefits of DBS if tested on these personalized qualitative metrics, rather than randomized-control trial quantitative standards, the evaluation of these novel devices appears to be based on the latter. This study surveyed the presence of this trend in the national regulatory guidelines of the prominent DBS researching countries. It was found that two governing bodies, in the European Union and Australia, acknowledged the option for qualitative measures. These findings support further development of national regulatory guidelines, so the neuroscientific community developing these neurotechnologies can better understand the impact their treatments have on patients.
BASE: Pragmatic Injury Prevention for Practitioners
Authors: Barton Benjamin K. , Pugliese Brian J.
Published: April 2022

Unintentional injury remains a leading health problem in developed nations, making injury prevention imperative. Practitioners are primary stakeholders in the injury prevention process but rarely can devote significant time to complicated prevention efforts. Furthermore, theory-based approaches to support injury prevention are less common than atheoretical approaches. We propose a simple method for injury prevention grounded in concepts found in antecedent models. Barriers, attitudes, social context, and environmental factors (or BASE) are suggested as a simple injury prevention model practitioners can follow when working with patients. We present each component of BASE and offer examples of how the approach can be applied to risk factors associated with several types of injury risk behavior.
Treatment of inadvertent cervical arterial catheterization: Single-center experience
Authors: Wang Liang , Bai Jun , Jin Jie , Zhi Kangkang , Nie Shaojie , Qu Lefeng
Published: April 2022

Objectives

Inadvertent arterial catheterization can occur during transjugular central venous catheter insertion and should be promptly treated to prevent serious consequences. Although many treatment modalities are available, no exist guidelines regarding the selection of treatment. We aimed to describe our experience with the treatment of 11 patients who underwent inadvertent cervical arterial catheterization and propose an algorithm for the selection of treatment methods.

Methods

We retrospectively identified all patients who were treated for inadvertent arterial catheterization at our center between January 2016 and March 2021. We reviewed patient profiles, images, treatment methods, and follow-up data.

Results

Eleven patients were included (eight men and three women, age: 36–73 years). Ten catheter misplacements were in the right common carotid artery. The remaining catheter was inserted into the right subclavian artery after penetrating the right common carotid artery. Two catheters were 5-Fr and nine catheters were 11.5-Fr. Two patients underwent manual compressions, three underwent open surgery, three underwent stent-graft repairs, and four underwent Perclose Proglide closure. Clinical success was achieved in all 11 patients. Primary technical success was achieved in 10 patients. In one patient, unsuccessful manual compression was followed by successful stent-graft repair; the manual compression failed to prevent bleeding, possibly because of the long-term oral administration of aspirin for coronary heart disease. The mean follow-up was 5.4 months (range, 1–12 months). The overall mortality rate was zero, and no vascular or neurological events occurred.

Conclusions

The existing data show that the current protocol for the treatment of inadvertent cervical arterial catheterization at our center is safe and effective. However, the data are insufficient and require further clinical validation.
Cannabis use in patients with insomnia and sleep disorders: Retrospective chart review
Authors: Vaillancourt Régis , Gallagher Shannon , Cameron Jameason D. , Dhalla Rahim
Published: April 2022

Background:

Medical cannabis has been increasingly used in Canada after being sanctioned by Health Canada in 2001. Insomnia and sleep disorders are among the most common conditions for which patients report using cannabis. Current research shows cannabis may have a beneficial effect in sleep disorders and may improve patient-reported sleep scores.

Methods:

A retrospective chart review was conducted at Hybrid Pharm community pharmacy in Ottawa, Ontario, and included patients who were interested in, or already using, medical cannabis for sleep disorders. A qualitative, exploratory approach was taken to evaluate the descriptive efficacy and safety of medical cannabis when prescribed for insomnia or comorbid conditions. The comprehensive data collection also involved investigating the impact of cannabis on other medication used for insomnia.

Results:

A total of 38 patients were identified as having adequate follow-up documentation to assess the impact of medical cannabis. At time of data collection, 15 patients (39%) were able to reduce or completely discontinue a prescription medication indicated for sleep. On follow-up, 27 patients (71%) reported a subjective improvement in their sleep or related condition. Only 8 patients (21%) reported any adverse effects from medical cannabis use, and these were manageable and did not require discontinuation of cannabis.

Conclusion:

This study highlights the importance of a pharmacist’s role in the management of cannabis-based therapy, including ongoing supportive care, follow-up and medication management. Can Pharm J (Ott) 2022;155:xx-xx.
Stress Levels and Coping Strategies of Families of Adults With Intellectual Disability and Challenging Behaviours During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Qatar
Authors: El Tahir Mohamed , Elhusein Bushra , Elamin Hassan , Rustom Hesham , Reagu Shuja , Bedhiaf Hanan , Abdirahman Salwa , Alabdulla Majid
Published: April 2022

This study investigated the perceived stress levels and coping strategies of caregivers of adults with intellectual disability and challenging behaviours during the COVID-19 pandemic in Qatar. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from June 7 to September 7, 2020 for caregivers of adults diagnosed with intellectual disability and challenging behaviours. Perceived stress levels and coping strategies were assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale and Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced inventory. Results showed moderate to high perceived stress levels in most caregivers (69%). The most frequent coping strategy was religion, followed by acceptance and active coping. Substance use and self-blame were less frequently used. The study revealed that emotional support, informational support and venting coping strategies were significant predictors of perceived stress levels. Restrictions on physical activity and social mobility caused by pandemic-related lockdowns have placed tremendous pressure on caregivers. Appropriate supportive measures should be implemented for the caregivers.
Thinking about neither death nor poverty affects delay discounting, but episodic foresight does: Three replications of the effects of priming on time preferences
Authors: Tunney Richard J , Raybould Jodie N
Published: April 2022

We outline three attempts to replicate experiments that reported priming effects on time preferences measured by delay discounting. Experiment 1 tested the claim that images of poverty prime impulsive choice in people from less affluent backgrounds compared with people from more affluent backgrounds. Experiment 2 tested the claim that mortality salience—thinking about death—primes people to place more value on the future than people who thought about dental surgery. Experiment 3 tested the claim that an episodic foresight manipulation primes greater discounting than no episodic foresight. Experiments 1 and 2 failed to replicate the effects of priming on discount rates. Experiment 3 was a successful and very close replication of the effect of episodic foresight on discount rates.