bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Direct evidence of terahertz emission arising from anomalous Hall effect
Authors: Mottamchetty Venkatesh , Rani Parul , Brucas Rimantas , Rydberg Anders , Svedlindh Peter , Gupta Rahul
Published: April 2023

A detailed understanding of the different mechanisms being responsible for terahertz (THz) emission in ferromagnetic (FM) materials will aid in designing efficient THz emitters. In this report, we present direct evidence of THz emission from single layer Co$$_{0.4}$$

0.4

Fe$$_{0.4}$$

0.4

B$$_{0.2}$$

0.2

(CoFeB) FM thin films. The dominant mechanism being responsible for the THz emission is the anomalous Hall effect (AHE), which is an effect of a net backflow current in the FM layer created by the spin polarized current reflected at the interfaces of the FM layer. The THz emission from the AHE-based CoFeB emitter is optimized by varying its thickness, orientation, and pump fluence of the laser beam. Results from electrical transport measurements show that skew scattering of charge carriers is responsible for the THz emission in the CoFeB AHE-based THz emitter.
CFD model to study PM$$_{\textrm{10}}$$ dispersion in large-scale open spaces
Authors: Fernández-Pacheco V. M. , Álvarez-Álvarez E. , Blanco-Marigorta E. , Ackermann T.
Published: April 2023

Air pollution has become a major concern in industrial or highly populated areas. Although legislation has been enacted to limit pollution levels, air quality monitoring still needs to be carried out by stations which are located at fixed points unable to provide the spatial evolution of pollutants. This research, focused on the city of Gijón (Asturias), includes a Computational Fluid Dynamics model capable of simulating the dispersion of pollutants in a large urban environment (12x18 km$$^{\textrm{2}}$$

2

). Different wind conditions were simulated with two sources of emission. The results show the influence of the terrain on the dispersion of pollutants in open spaces whilst simultaneously scrutinizing the origin of diffuse industrial pollution circulating over the city of Gijon. The simulation allows us to set limits in the areas with higher levels of contamination or to analyse the variations of particle concentration in height. Therefore, this research defines and validates a methodology to generate numerical models which grant us the opportunity to observe the spatial evolution of pollutants in large areas. This result endorses further use in other lines of research, such as the evaluation of corrective measures to improve air quality in highly polluted environments.
Prediction prolonged mechanical ventilation in trauma patients of the intensive care unit according to initial medical factors: a machine learning approach
Authors: Vali Mohebat , Paydar Shahram , Seif Mozhgan , Sabetian Golnar , Abujaber Ahmad , Ghaem Haleh
Published: April 2023

The goal of this study was to develop a predictive machine learning model to predict the risk of prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), with a focus on laboratory and Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) data. This retrospective cohort study included ICU patients admitted to Rajaei Hospital in Shiraz between 2016 and March 20, 2022. All adult patients requiring mechanical ventilation and seeking ICU admission had their data analyzed. Six models were created in this study using five machine learning models (PMV more than 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, and 23 days). Patients’ demographic characteristics, Apache II, laboratory information, ABG, and comorbidity were predictors. This study used Logistic regression (LR), artificial neural networks (ANN), support vector machines (SVM), random forest (RF), and C.5 decision tree (C.5 DT) to predict PMV. The study enrolled 1138 eligible patients, excluding brain-dead patients and those without mechanical ventilation or a tracheostomy. The model PMV > 14 days showed the best performance (Accuracy: 83.63–98.54). The essential ABG variables in our two optimal models (artificial neural network and decision tree) in the PMV > 14 models include FiO2, paCO2, and paO2. This study provides evidence that machine learning methods outperform traditional methods and offer a perspective for achieving a consensus definition of PMV. It also introduces ABG and laboratory information as the two most important variables for predicting PMV. Therefore, there is significant value in deploying such models in clinical practice and making them accessible to clinicians to support their decision-making.
ALS-linked TDP-43 mutations interfere with the recruitment of RNA recognition motifs to G-quadruplex RNA
Authors: Ishiguro Akira , Ishihama Akira
Published: April 2023

TDP-43 is a major pathological protein in sporadic and familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and mediates mRNA fate. TDP-43 dysfunction leads to causes progressive degeneration of motor neurons, the details of which remain elusive. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of RNA binding could enhance our understanding of this devastating disease. We observed the involvement of the glycine-rich (GR) region of TDP-43 in the initial recognition and binding of G-quadruplex (G4)-RNA in conjunction with its RNA recognition motifs (RRM). We performed a molecular dissection of these intramolecular RNA-binding modules in this study. We confirmed that the ALS-linked mutations in the GR region lead to alteration in the G4 structure. In contrast, amino acid substitutions in the GR region alter the protein structure but do not void the interaction with G4-RNA. Based on these observations, we concluded that the structural distortion of G4 caused by these mutations interferes with RRM recruitment and leads to TDP-43 dysfunction. This intramolecular organization between RRM and GR regions modulates the overall G4-binding properties.
Stabilization of a chaotic oscillator via a class of integral controllers under input saturation
Authors: Aguilar-López Ricardo , Mata-Machuca Juan L.
Published: April 2023

This work presents the straightforward design of an integral controller with an anti-windup structure to prevent undesirable behavior when actuator saturation is considered, and the proposed controller improves the performance of the closed-loop dynamics of a class of nonlinear oscillators. The proposed integral controller has an adaptive control gain, which includes the absolute value of the named control error to turn off the integral action when it is saturated. Closed-loop stability analysis is performed under the Lyapunov theory framework, where it can be concluded that the system behaves in an asymptotically stable way. The proposed methodology is successfully applied to a Rikitake-type oscillator, considering a single input-single output (SISO) structure for regulation and tracking trajectory purposes. For comparison, an equivalent fixed gain integral controller is also implemented to analyze the corresponding anti-windup properties of the proposed control structure. Numerical experiments are conducted, showing the superior performance of the proposed controller.
Bypassing misinformation without confrontation improves policy support as much as correcting it
Authors: Calabrese Christopher , Albarracín Dolores
Published: April 2023

Curbing the negative impact of misinformation is typically assumed to require correcting misconceptions. Conceivably, however, bypassing the misinformation through alternate beliefs of opposite implications may reduce the attitudinal impact of the misinformation. Three experiments, one preregistered with a sample representative of the United States population, examined the impact of (a) directly correcting prior misinformation offered in support of restricting Genetically Modified (GM) foods (i.e., the correction strategy) and (b) discussing information in support of GM foods (i.e., the bypassing strategy), compared to a misinformation-only control condition. Findings consistently revealed that bolstering beliefs with opposite implications is just as effective at reducing opposition to GM foods as is correcting misinformation about GM foods. Thus, bypassing should be added to our arsenal of methods to curb the impact of misinformation.
The uneven impact of climate change on drought with elevation in the Canary Islands
Authors: Carrillo Judit , Hernández-Barrera Sara , Expósito Francisco J. , Díaz Juan P. , González Albano , Pérez Juan C.
Published: April 2023

Climate models project an increase in drought and aridity in many regions in response to greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere. In areas with complex topography, such as the Canary Islands, elevation gradients may play an important role in future changes. Convection-permitting climate simulations driven by data from three global climate models included in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) have been performed for the Canary Islands. A significant increase in the duration and severity of drought is projected by the end of the twenty-first century (2070–2099), relative to the recent past (1980–2009), under intermediate and high emissions scenarios. In addition, the percentage of land affected by droughts, on average, would increase considerably, covering up to 96% in the higher elevations, in the business-as-usual scenario. These changes and the increase in aridity are more pronounced at higher altitudes due to a clear dependence of temperature rise as a function of elevation and a substantial decrease in precipitation.
Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) larvae are attracted by low-frequency noise simulating that of operating offshore wind farms
Authors: Cresci Alessandro , Zhang Guosong , Durif Caroline M. F. , Larsen Torkel , Shema Steven , Skiftesvik Anne Berit , Browman Howard I.
Published: April 2023

The number and size of offshore wind (OW) turbines is increasing rapidly. OW turbines produce continuous, low-frequency noise that could impact marine fish dispersing/migrating through the facilities. Any such impact would be relevant for larval stages, which have limited possibility to swim away from OW facilities. If directional movement of fish larvae at sea is impacted by low-frequency continuous sound is unknown. We observe the behavior of Atlantic cod larvae (N = 89) in response to low-frequency sound while they are drifting in a Norwegian fjord inside transparent drifting chambers. We transmit 100 Hz continuous sound in the fjord, in the intensity range of OW turbines’ operational noise, and measure the sound pressure and 3-D particle motion. Half of the larvae (N = 45) are exposed to low-frequency (100 Hz) continuous sound, while the other half (N = 44) are observed under the same conditions but without the sound. Exposure does not affect the routine and maximum swimming speeds or the turning behavior of the larvae. Control larvae orient to the northwest. In contrast, exposed larvae orient towards the source of low-frequency sound and particle motion. This provides a basis to assess how OW might impact dispersal in this species.
Tonian carbonaceous compressions indicate that Horodyskia is one of the oldest multicellular and coenocytic macro-organisms
Authors: Li Guangjin , Chen Lei , Pang Ke , Tang Qing , Wu Chengxi , Yuan Xunlai , Zhou Chuanming , Xiao Shuhai
Published: April 2023

Macrofossils with unambiguous biogenic origin and predating the one-billion-year-old multicellular fossils Bangiomorpha and Proterocladus interpreted as crown-group eukaryotes are quite rare. Horodyskia is one of these few macrofossils, and it extends from the early Mesoproterozoic Era to the terminal Ediacaran Period. The biological interpretation of this enigmatic fossil, however, has been a matter of controversy since its discovery in 1982, largely because there was no evidence for the preservation of organic walls. Here we report new carbonaceous compressions of Horodyskia from the Tonian successions (~950–720 Ma) in North China. The macrofossils herein with bona fide organic walls reinforce the biogenicity of Horodyskia. Aided by the new material, we reconstruct Horodyskia as a colonial organism composed of a chain of organic-walled vesicles that likely represent multinucleated (coenocytic) cells of early eukaryotes. Two species of Horodyskia are differentiated on the basis of vesicle sizes, and their co-existence in the Tonian assemblage provides a link between the Mesoproterozoic (H. moniliformis) and the Ediacaran (H. minor) species. Our study thus provides evidence that eukaryotes have acquired macroscopic size through the combination of coenocytism and colonial multicellularity at least ~1.48 Ga, and highlights an exceptionally long range and morphological stasis of this Proterozoic macrofossils.
Role of urban vegetation in air phytoremediation: differences between scientific research and environmental management perspectives
Authors: Gong Cheng , Xian Chaofan , Wu Tong , Liu Jingru , Ouyang Zhiyun
Published: April 2023

Air pollutant removal by urban vegetation is perceived to be a key ecosystem service for mitigating air pollution. However, the effectiveness of air phytoremediation in cities requires more synthesis to inform environmental management. A Bayesian meta-analysis approach was used to quantify the effectiveness of the removal of typical air pollutants—particle matter (PM), nitrogen oxide (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and ozone (O3)—by synthesizing global field measurement studies. The results revealed that urban vegetation can mitigate the growth of air pollutant concentrations, with reduction rates of 16.5~26.7% for PM, 13.9~36.2% for NOx, and 20.5~47.8% for SO2. However, they failed to significantly mitigate ground-level O3, corresponding to an increase of 5.1~25.9%. The variability in effect sizes was mainly influenced by the distance to nearest highway, ambient concentration, relative humidity, and green coverage. A questionnaire survey conducted in Shenzhen city (China) showed that most environmental managers supposed positive impacts of urban vegetation on all four air pollutants, which was at odds with our findings with respect to O3. This study can inform the lessening of discrepancies between scientific research and environmental managers’ perceptions on how to improve air phytoremediation for urban air pollution mitigation in China and elsewhere.
Morphological sensitivity of silver nanoparticles to the environment
Authors: Tarrat Nathalie , Loffreda David
Published: April 2023

Morphological competition between silver nanoparticles evolves under air exposure mainly due to temperature effects and interactions with surface contaminants.
Synergistic effects of extrinsic photoconduction and photogating in a short-wavelength ZrS3 infrared photodetector
Authors: Yu Yiye , Peng Meng , Zhong Fang , Wang Zhen , Ge Xun , Chen Hao , Guo Jiaxiang , Wang Yang , Chen Yue , Xu Tengfei , Zhao Tiange , He Ting , Zhang Kun , Wu Feng , Chen Changqing , Dai Jiangnan , Hu Weida
Published: April 2023

A zirconium trisulfide (ZrS3)-based infrared photodetector with the assistance of synergistic effects of extrinsic photoconduction and photogating shows wideband detection and enhanced responsivity.
Oxidative stress generated due to photocatalytic activity of biosynthesized selenium nanoparticles triggers cytoplasmic leakage leading to bacterial cell death
Authors: Sahoo Banishree , Leena Panigrahi Lipsa , Jena Sonali , Jha Suman , Arakha Manoranjan
Published: April 2023

The ROS generated at SeNPs interface put stress on bacterial cell membrane causing leakage of cytoplasmic contents leading to bacterial cell death.
Efficient dispersive solid-phase extraction of methylprednisolone from exhaled breath of COVID-19 patients
Authors: Sefid-Sefidehkhan Yasaman , Mokhtari Mehdi , Mahmoodpoor Ata , Vaez-Gharamaleki Yosra , Khoubnasabjafari Maryam , Afshar Moghaddam Mohammad Reza , Jouyban-Gharamaleki Vahid , Dastmalchi Siavoush , Rahimpour Elaheh , Jouyban Abolghasem
Published: April 2023

In the current study, bismuth ferrite nano-sorbent was synthesized and utilized as a sorbent for the dispersive solid-phase extraction of methylprednisolone from exhaled breath samples.
Solar cells sensitized by donor-linked concerted companion dyes
Authors: Luo Jiaxin , Wang Yuqing , Shi Shaojin , Wu Yuankun , Ma Taochun , Wang Leyao , Baryshnikov Glib , Wu Xinyan , Li Chengjie , Xie Yongshu
Published: April 2023

Donor-linked concerted companion dyes have been synthesized for fabricating solar cells. The results indicate that a longer linking chain is favorable for improving the proportion of double anchoring, resulting in superior photovoltaic performance.
The growing metaverse sector can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 10 Gt CO2e in the united states by 2050
Authors: Zhao Ning , You Fengqi
Published: April 2023

Metaverse sector growth supports energy conservation, boosts renewable energy penetration, lessens fossil fuel dependency, and reduces anthropogenic emissions, such as greenhouse gases and aerosol precursors, thereby aiding climate change mitigation.
Achieving 17.94% efficiency all-polymer solar cells by independently induced D/A orderly stacking
Authors: Wang Jianxiao , Han Chenyu , Wen Shuguang , Bi Fuzhen , Hu Zunyuan , Li Yonghai , Yang Chunming , Bao Xichang , Chu Junhao
Published: April 2023

Compatible polymer donor can effectively penetrate into D/A aggregations and independently optimize their orderly stacking to achieve highly efficient APSCs.
In situ TEM investigation of nucleation and crystallization of hybrid bismuth nanodiamonds
Authors: Ma Sihan , Li Yipeng , Cui Dewang , Yang Gang , Wang Lin , Ran Guang
Published: April 2023

In situ TEM dynamic observation of non-classical nucleation at heterogeneous interfaces further enriches the nucleation theory.
Diversity-oriented synthesis of chemically recyclable poly(sulfonamide ester)s through organocatalytic aziridine-based multicomponent polymerization
Authors: Fan Songjie , Zhu Peng , Ye Jingtong , Huang Huishan , Zhang Zhen , Dong Jinxiang
Published: April 2023

Multicomponent polymerization of bis(N-sulfonyl aziridine) with an alcohol and an anhydride allows the facile synthesis of diverse recyclable poly(sulfonamide ester)s.
Regio- and stereoselective oxidative conversion of alkynes to sulfenylated α,β-unsaturated carbonyls
Authors: Tang Meizhong , Wang Ye-Xin , Huang Shenlin , Xie Lan-Gui
Published: April 2023

An electrophilic sulfenylation promoted oxidation of alkynes is presented, providing the chemo-, regio- and stereoselective synthesis of α-sulfenylated α,β-unsaturated aldehydes.
CuI nanoparticle-immobilized on a hybrid material composed of IRMOF-3 and a sulfonamide-based porous organic polymer as an efficient nanocatalyst for one-pot synthesis of 2,4-diaryl-quinolines
Authors: Koosha Samaneh , Alavinia Sedigheh , Ghorbani-Vaghei Ramin
Published: April 2023

As a significant class of synthetic and natural products with multiple biological activities, quinolines are used in medical and electronic devices.
Prediction of zwitterion hydration and ion association properties using machine learning
Authors: Christiansen Daniel , Cheng Gang , Mehraeen Shafigh
Published: April 2023

Hydration and ion association data for a library of zwitterions was produced by molecular dynamics simulations. Machine learning was applied to reveal how chemical design influences target properties.
Self-powered optoelectronic artificial synapses based on a lead-free perovskite film for artificial visual perception systems
Authors: Zhao Pengfei , Cui Mingqing , Li Yanting , Lao Jie , Jiang Chunli , Luo Chunhua , Tian Bobo , Lin Hechun , Peng Hui , Duan Chun-Gang
Published: April 2023

We demonstrate a two-terminal and self-powered optoelectronic synaptic device based on a 2D lead-free perovskite, Cs3Bi2Br9. The fabricated device successfully mimics typical biological synaptic functions under programmed optical stimuli.
Characterisation of chaos in meteoroid streams
Authors: Courtot Ariane , Vaubaillon Jérémie , Fouchard Marc
Published: April 2023

Context. Dynamically linking a meteor shower with its parent body can be challenging. This is in part due to the limits of the tools available today (such as D-criteria) but is also due to the complex dynamics of meteoroid streams.

Aims. We choose a method to study chaos in meteoroid streams and apply it to the Geminid meteoroid stream.

Methods. We decided to draw chaos maps. Amongst the chaos indicators we studied, we show that the orthogonal fast Lyapunov indicator is particularly well suited to our problem. The maps are drawn for three bin sizes, ranging from 10−1 to 10−4 m.

Results. We show the influence of mean-motion resonances with the Earth and with Venus, which tend to trap the largest particles. The chaos maps present three distinct regimes in eccentricity, reflecting close encounters with the planets. We also study the effect of non-gravitational forces. We determine a first approximation of the particle size rlim needed to counterbalance the resonances with the diffusion due to the non-gravitational forces. We find that, for the Geminids, rlim lies in the range [3; 8] × 10−4 m. However, rlim depends on the orbital phase space.
Power-2 limb-darkening coefficients for the uvby, UBVRIJHK, SDSS ugriz, Gaia, Kepler, TESS, and CHEOPS photometric systems
Authors: Claret A. , Southworth J.
Published: April 2023

Context. The phenomenon of limb-darkening is relevant to many topics in astrophysics, including the analysis of light curves of eclipsing binaries, optical interferometry, measurement of stellar diameters, line profiles of rotating stars, gravitational microlensing, and transits of extrasolar planets

Aims. Multiple parametric limb-darkening laws have been presented, and there are many available sources of theoretical limb-darkening coefficients (LDCs) calculated using stellar model atmospheres. The power-2 limb-darkening law allows a very good representation of theoretically predicted intensity profiles, but few LDCs are available for this law from spherically symmetric model atmospheres. We therefore present such coefficients in this work.

Methods. We computed LDCs for the space missions Gαiα, Kepler, TESS, and CHEOPS and for the passbands uυby, UBVRIJHK, and SDSS ugriz, using the PHOENIX-COND spherical models. We adopted two methods to characterise the truncation point, which sets the limb of the star: the first (M1) uses the point where the derivative dI(r)/dr is at its maximum – where I(r) is the specific intensity as a function of the normalised radius r – corresponding to µcri, and the second (M2) uses the midpoint between the point µcri and the point located at µcri–1. The LDCs were computed adopting the Levenberg–Marquardt least-squares minimisation method, with a resolution of 900 equally spaced µ points, and covering 823 model atmospheres for a solar metallicity, effective temperatures of 2300–12000 K, log g values from 0.0 to 6.0, and microturbulent velocities of 2 km s−1. As our previous calculations of LDCs using spherical models included only 100 µ points, we also updated the calculations for the four-parameter law for the passbands listed above, and compared them with those from the power-2 law.

Results. Comparisons between the quality of the fits provided by the power-2 and four-parameter laws show that the latter presents a lower merit function, χ2, than the former for both cases (M1 and M2). This is important when choosing the best approach for a particular science goal.
Étude de la spéciation dans l’eau de mer de l’aluminium et du zinc libérés par la dissolution d’une anode galvanique
Authors: Levallois Alexandre , Nivelais Laureen , Basuyaux Olivier , Costil Katherine , Serpentini Antoine , Caplat Christelle
Published: April 2023

Parmi les sources anthropiques libérant des métaux dans l’environnement marin, le système de protection cathodique par anodique galvanique (GACP) est largement utilisé pour protéger contre la corrosion les structures métalliques immergées. Les anodes sont des alliages métalliques dont le composant principal est l’aluminium ou le zinc. Très peu d’études ont été réalisées pour étudier les effets biologiques potentiels des anodes. Dans le cadre d’une étude plus complète de mesures des effets biologiques associés à la dissolution d’une anode galvanique à base d’aluminium, cette étude propose de fournir des informations sur la spéciation de l’aluminium et du zinc qui sont les principaux constituants de l’anode utilisée en milieu marin. À partir d’un montage électrochimique accélérant la dissolution d’une anode et de la production d’eaux de mer enrichies par les métaux libérés, des échantillons d’eau ont été collectés dans le but d’analyser les formes dissoutes, labiles et particulaires des métaux. Les résultats montrent des différences de spéciation et de comportement entre l’aluminium et le zinc qui sont cependant soumis à des interactions fortes. Ils soulignent la formation d’agrégats colloïdaux enrichissant la fraction particulaire des deux métaux et la présence en plus ou moins grande quantité de leur fraction labile dans la fraction dissoute.
DEM study of the effect of different chute conditions on burden distribution during charging process blast furnace
Authors: Cheng Xiaoman , Cheng Shusen
Published: April 2023

Chute accidents frequently occur during blast furnace operation. Worn or even fractured chutes can seriously affect the movement of the charge, subsequently impacting the burden distribution in the blast furnace. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the influence of different types of chutes on burden distribution. In this paper, a model of a serial-hopper bell-less top system was established and the burden distribution through different chutes was calculated using EDM. The results of the calculations are as follows: wear liner reduces the average velocity of the charge at the chute outlet and the charge platform moves closer to the center of the blast furnace; the greater the fractured length, the greater the average velocity at the chute outlet and the easier it is for particles to accumulate in the center of the blast furnace; the velocity of the charge in the perforated chute is smaller than that the intact chute, and the hole size has limited effect on the velocity of the set position. Particle size and volume of blast furnace edge are reduced.
Consideration of long campaign based on analysis of 4038 m3 blast-furnace hearth core investigation
Authors: Jiang Zhe , Guo Tianyong , Hu Daichao , Xie Minghui , Liu Bingnan , Yao Shuo
Published: April 2023

In order to explore the erosion reason of the hearth sidewall built with high thermal conductivity and small hot-pressed graphite carbon bricks, the carbon brick samples were obtained by boring in different parts of the hearth sidewall. By the research on microcosmic structure, thermal conductivity, chemical composition of the carbon bricks, it was concluded that the high portion of large size pore leaded to poor properties of resistance to Zn permeation. And due to the formation of the weakened layer, the transfer system of lining was destroyed, which result in poor effect of titanium protecting and resistance to hot metal erosion. For the purpose of prolonging the campaign of BF hearth, the properties of resistance to hot metal erosion and the thermal conductivity of carbon brick should be matched well.
An observational study to assess the influence of karate training on auditory evoked potential
Authors: Bhattacharya Puneet , Chatterjee Sridip , Samiran Mondal , Dey Debasish
Published: April 2023

Regular martial art training has shown positive benefits in executive functioning and reaction time facilitation. However, influence of karate training on brain stem neurophysiology is an untouched area of research. This study investigates the impact of regular karate training on brain stem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) in male school going children. Thirty subjects were assessed and compared under two groups: 15 experienced male karate practitioners (9.5 ± 1.26 years); 15 age-gender matched active controls (10.6 ± 1.57 years). The latencies (L), inter peak latencies (IPL) and amplitude (A) of the auditory waves I–V generated in the brain stem region were measured. Significant differences resulted in the left ear latencies of wave I, wave II, and left and right ear of wave III; also, IPL of waves III–V of both ears and I–V of the right ear were significantly shorter in the karate practitioners. The shorter latencies are due to faster synaptic transmissions in the corresponding physiological neuro-generators of the brainstem auditory waves that connect cognitive and sensory signalling pathways. Karate practitioners showed better neural conduction and adaptation to auditory cues, which may have developed through regular training of self-defence not just as a martial art but as a mind body exercise.
Als Physiotherapie noch in der Praxis stattfand – Zukunftsvision ökologisch verantwortungsvolle Physiotherapie
Authors: Maric Filip
Published: April 2023

Durch die vielen sozialen, ökologischen und gesundheitlichen Krisen ist die Notwendigkeit eines transformativen Wandels im Gesundheitswesen und in der Gesellschaft unübersehbar. Dieses Thema behandelten auch Physiotherapie-Studierende der UiT The Arctic University of Norway und schrieben im Rahmen dessen Geschichten über Szenarien, wie eine sozial und ökologisch verantwortungsvollere Physiotherapie und Gesundheitsversorgung zukünftig aussehen könnten. Daraus entstanden bereits zwei Essaysammlungen mit den Titeln Physiopunk Vol 1 und Healthpunk Vol 2, woraus dieser Artikel entstammt.
Anstand und Berufsstand – Berufsethik im internationalen Vergleich
Authors: Sturm Andrea
Published: April 2023

Für ihre Promotion beschäftigte sich Andrea Sturm mit berufsethischen Herausforderungen in der internationalen Physiotherapie. In physiopraxis berichtet die Bildungs- und Erziehungswissenschaftlerin über die Entwicklung der Berufsethik und die Ergebnisse ihrer fünfjährigen Forschungsarbeit. Fazit: Weltweit am häufigsten beklagen Physiotherapeut*innen knappe Ressourcen und Zeitmangel, welche die Qualität ihrer Behandlung beeinträchtigen. Im deutschsprachigen Raum besteht zudem Reformbedarf beim Ethikunterricht in der Grundausbildung.
BRAF Landscape and Its Implications among Patients with Pediatric Low-Grade Gliomas: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature
Authors: Fouda Mohammed A.
Published: April 2023

Low-grade gliomas are the most common intracranial tumor in the pediatric population. Pediatric low-grade gliomas represent a heterogeneous group of tumors. Genetic alterations that result in upregulation of the MAPK/ERK pathway represent most of the genetic landscape of pediatric low-grade gliomas. BRAF-V600E mutant pediatric low-grade gliomas may represent a unique and aggressive subset of tumors that require targeted therapy especially if gross total resection is not feasible. Many patients with pediatric low-grade gliomas have demonstrated successful clinical and radiological responses to BRAF and/or MEK inhibitors. Given the high proportion of patients who fail to respond to the current standard chemotherapy and radiotherapy, these targeted therapies should be considered in future trials and further investigations. In this review of the literature, we summarize the molecular status of BRAF alterations among patients with pediatric low-grade gliomas and provide an update on previous and current BRAF and MEK inhibitors clinical trials.
Partial Scapholunate Interosseous Ligament Injuries: A Systematic Review of Treatment Options
Authors: Lameire Darius Luke , Khalik Hassaan Abdel , Paul Ryan Augustine , von Schroeder Herbert P. , Chan Andrea H. W.
Published: April 2023

Purpose This systematic review summarizes the existing evidence on treatment options and outcomes for partial scapholunate interosseous ligament (pSLIL) injuries.

Methods A systematic electronic search of Medline, Embase, and CINAHL was performed from inception through to February 13, 2022. All primary research articles addressing the treatment of pSLIL tears were eligible for inclusion regardless of timing of surgery, surgical technique, or rehabilitation. The PRISMA Checklist guided the reporting and data abstraction. Descriptive statistics and forest plots are presented.

Results A total of 14 studies with 342 patients were included for analysis. Treatments were categorized into four groups: electrothermal shrinkage (ES), arthroscopic capsuloplasty (AC), open capsulodesis (OC), and no treatment (NT). There were five studies in the ES group (N = 69, mean age = 34.3 ± 3.3 years), three studies in the AC group (N = 138, mean age = 32.2 ± 3.8 years), five studies in the OC group (N = 123, mean age of 30.7 ± 7.8 years), and one study in the NT group (N = 12, mean age = 43 years, range = 28–67 years). The average postintervention visual analog scale pain score for the ES group was 1.4 ± 0.5 (from 5.7 ± 1.8), for the AC group was 3.2 ± 1.3 (from 6.6 ± 0), for the OC group was 2.3 ± 2.1 (from 5.6 ± 1.6), and for the NT group was 3.2 (from 7.6). The wrist extension range of motion improved postoperatively for all intervention groups (ES = 66.3°–70.7°; AC = 67°–74.5°; and OC = 48.9°–63.5°), whereas it remained unchanged for the NT group (46°–45°). Grip strength also improved in all intervention groups (ES = 17.9–29.9 kg; AC = 24.0–32.2 kg; and OC = 15.8–26.6 kg), while the NT group remained unchanged (25–24 kg). The radiographic scapholunate gap improved postoperatively in all groups that reported pre- and postintervention (ES = 2.2–1.9 mm; OC = 2.5–1.8 mm) and slightly worsened in the NT group (2.5–2.7 mm). In the ES group, there were three complications (11.5%, no major complications), in the AC group there was one major complication (0.9%, complex regional pain syndrome [CRPS]), and in the OC group there were six complications (15.4%, four major complications—CRPS).

Conclusion All interventional treatment options (ES, AC, and OC) provided significant improvements in patient-reported pain, range of motion, grip strength, and radiographic parameters, with low complication rates. In comparison, no improvement in range of motion or grip strength was noted in the NT group. Therefore, surgical management of pSLIL injuries is an effective and relatively safe treatment option. Further studies comparing the outcomes of specific surgical treatments are warranted to further elucidate the optimal management option for pSLIL tears.

Level of Evidence Level III, systematic review of Level III–IV studies.
Factors Associated with Failure of Stepping-Down Treatment in Pediatric Asthma
Authors: Krobtrakulchai Wijittra
Published: April 2023

Background The international and Thai asthma guidelines recommend stepping-down controller treatment in patients whose asthma symptoms have been controlled and maintained for 3 months or longer. After stepping-down treatment, some patients experienced exacerbations and required emergency care. There is limited understanding of stepping-down treatment for asthmatic children. The goal of this study was to determine the failure rate and associated factors after stepping-down treatment in pediatric asthma.

Methods A retrospective study of electronic medical records of asthmatic patients aged between 3 and 15 years with controlled symptoms and indications for stepping-down treatment was conducted at Maharat Nakhon Ratchasima Hospital, a tertiary care center in Northeast Thailand, between January 2015 and December 2019.

Results Of the 110 asthmatic patients with well-controlled asthma who received stepping-down treatment, 90 patients were followed over 12 months. Failure of treatment within 12 months of follow-up was 37.8% (34 of 90). Patients who failed to stepping-down treatment had asthma onset at a younger age (p = 0.026) and less than 9 months duration of asthma stability before stepping-down (p = 0.049). In multivariate analysis, the factor associated with failed stepping-down treatment was the length of asthma stability of fewer than 9 months with an odds ratio of 4.8 (95% confidence interval: 1.02–22.47).

Conclusion Stepping-down treatment in well-controlled pediatric asthma resulted in a high failure rate. The author suggests initiating stepping-down treatment in patients whose duration of asthma stability is greater than 9 months may improve the rate of success.
Autosomal Recessively Inherited Glucose Transporter-1 Deficiency Syndrome with Acanthocytosis: A Case Report
Authors: Wanigasinghe Jithangi , Jayasundara Kasun , Jasinghe Eresha
Published: April 2023

Glucose transporter-1 deficiency syndrome (GLUT-1DS) is a rare, autosomal dominantly inherited disorder due to a heterozygous mutation in the gene solute channel 2A1 (SLC2A1).This gene encodes the glucose transporter protein-1. Autosomal recessive inheritance is extremely rare. Similarly, only very few reports are found in the literature of hematological manifestations in this syndrome. We report an autosomal recessively inherited GLUT-1DS, due to a de novo mutation, with the classical infantile presentation associated with concomitant acanthocytosis. In this case report, the second child born to consanguineous parents with initial refractory neonatal seizures and subsequent poorly controlled epilepsy and developmental regression is discussed. The most notable investigation findings supportive of his underlying diagnosis were very low cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) glucose and CSF lactate levels. His CSF:plasma glucose ratio was 1:7.6. He was anemic with a hemoglobin of 8.8 g/dL with his blood film showing marked acanthocytosis. His elder brother who also had refractory epilepsy and developmental regression had similar hypoglycorrhachia, low CSF:plasma glucose ratio, and mild anemia with acanthocytosis, and he died before establishment of a diagnosis. Our patient was diagnosed to have a novel mutation SLC2A1 c.184A > G p.(Thr62Ala), for which both parents were heterozygous, confirming autosomal recessive inheritance. Commencement of a ketogenic diet resulted in improvement of his seizures and slow gain in development. It also resulted in gradual disappearance of acanthocytes from his peripheral blood. This case describes a rare case of classical GLUT-1DS, autosomal recessively inherited, due to a novel mutation. The acanthocytosis in his blood smear is another rare association minimally reported in GLUT-1DS. The cause of his abnormal red blood cell morphology is unclear. It is possibly related to cation leakage reported in some rare mutations of the SLC2A1 gene needs reference.
Efficacy of Cannabidiol in Pediatric Patients: Postmarket Experience at a Single Center
Authors: Hovey Sara W. , Jacobson Jessica L.
Published: April 2023

The purpose of this research was to determine the postmarket efficacy and safety of cannabidiol in pediatric patients with Lennox–Gastaut's syndrome (LGS), Dravet's syndrome (DS), and other drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). This was a single-center, retrospective cohort study in pediatric patients who received prescription cannabidiol at a single center. The primary outcome was the reduction in seizure frequency of all seizure types as measured by the Engel outcome scale at 3 months after initiation of cannabidiol. Thirty-six patients were included. The most common outcome in all three groups was an Engel Class III outcome 3 months following initiation of cannabidiol. Most patients in all groups experienced some clinical benefit and only 33% of patients experienced no clinical benefit. The maximum tolerated dose of cannabidiol at 3 months ranged from 5 to 31 mg/kg/d with a median of 17.9, 13.2, and 18.0 mg/kg/d in the LGS, DS, and DRE (other) groups, respectively. Eight patients discontinued cannabidiol at 3 months and only two patients were hospitalized after initiation of therapy. Seventy-five percent of patients did not report any adverse side effects. Based on the Engel outcome scale utilized within this study, pediatric patients with LGS, DS, and DRE (other) may experience a worthwhile improvement in seizure frequency while on cannabidiol. Further studies are needed to determine the long-term efficacy and safety of cannabidiol and discern predictors of response to therapy.
47.1.2.3.3 Asymmetric π-Allyl Substitution Reactions
Authors: Jiang R. , Yang P. , You S.-L.
Published: April 2023

Asymmetric allylic substitution reactions catalyzed by transition-metal complexes, namely, the Tsuji–Trost-type reaction, can be used for constructing stereochemically defined carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom bonds. In this review, asymmetric allylic substitution reactions catalyzed by different transition-metal complexes, including those based on palladium, iridium, rhodium, and earth-abundant metals, are discussed. These reactions are categorized by the type of nucleophiles or transition-metal catalysts employed.
47.1.5.2.3 Synthesis of Alkenes via Hydrogenation of Alkynes and Allenes
Authors: Liu X. , Liu B. , Liu Q.
Published: April 2023

This review is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis contribution describing methods for the synthesis of alkenes by (transfer) hydrogenation of alkynes and allenes, with a focus on catalytic methods reported since 2010. Representative methodologies for the selective preparation of terminal alkenes and Z- or E-alkenes are summarized, with the discussion divided into methods based on heterogeneous or homogeneous catalysis; these sections are then subdivided into hydrogenation or transfer-hydrogenation processes.
47.1.5.7 Synthesis of Alkenes via Radical Addition Reactions
Authors: Chen P. , Liu G.
Published: April 2023

The functionalization of alkynes and allenes involving radical processes is an efficient strategy for the synthesis of functionalized alkenes, and has experienced rapid growth over the past ten years with the development of photocatalysis and transition-metal catalysis. This review focuses on alkene synthesis initiated by radical addition to alkynes or allenes, with a particular focus on intermolecular reactions. Various radical species, including those based on carbon or heteroatoms (Si, Ge, S, B, etc.), can successfully add to alkynes and allenes to generate vinyl radicals or allyl radicals; these can react further via an assortment of processes, such as traditional radical atom transfer, oxidation to cationic species, or trapping by metal catalysts, to give functionalized alkenes.
Evolution of the pseudogap and excess conductivity of YBa2Cu3O7–δ single crystals in the course of long-term aging
Authors: Solovjov A. L. , Bludova L. V. , Shytov M. V. , Kamchatnaya S. N. , Nazyrov Z. F. , Vovk R. V.
Published: April 2023

The temperature dependences of both fluctuation conductivity (FLC) σ′(T) and pseudogap (PG) Δ*(T) derived from measurements of resistivity ρ(T) of an optimally doped YBa2Cu3O7−δ single crystal subjected to long-term storage have been studied. The as-grown sample S1 exhibits characteristics typical of optimally doped YBa2Cu3O7−δ single crystals containing twins and twin boundaries. Analysis of both FLC and PG showed an unexpected improvement in all characteristics of the sample after 6 years of storage (sample S2), indicating that the effect of twin boundaries is somehow limited. After 17 years of storage, all characteristics of the sample changed dramatically, which indicates a strong influence of internal defects formed during the aging process. For the first time, the temperature dependences of both FLC and PG were obtained after 17 years of storage.
Lanthanide doping and external parameters in RBa2Cu3O7–δ superconductors: A brief review
Authors: Goulatis Ioannis , Chroneos Alexander
Published: April 2023

The invention of superconductivity was a major advance of solid state physics. In the present review, we briefly discuss the emergence of RBa2Cu3O7–δ (R are lanthanides). In the first part, we consider the impact of lanthanide doping and the intricacy of the praseodymium anomaly. In the second part, we discuss the impact of external parameters such as pressure and electron irradiation on the critical superconducting parameters. This brief review concludes with future perspectives of the field, considering recent advances.
Effect of pressure on the scattering of electrons by phonons in niobium triselenide at low temperatures
Authors: Biletskyi V. I. , Khadzhai G. Ya. , Kislitsa M. V. , Nazyrov Z. F. , Vovk R. V.
Published: April 2023

The paper analyzed the data on the temperature dependence in the region 4.2-300 K of the electrical resistance along the direction of the highest conductivity of the NbSe3 single crystal at different values of the uniaxial pressure perpendicular to the indicated direction. This pressure suppresses the charge density wave states without shifting their temperatures. In regions of metallic conductivity, the resistance can be approximated within the framework of the Bloch- Gruneisen-Wilson model. The Debye temperature decreases due to the size effect, which is stimulated by both cooling and pressure.
Investigation of the effect of silicon carbide nanoadditives on the structure and properties of microfine corundum during electroconsolidation
Authors: Nerubatskyi V. P. , Vovk R. V. , Gzik-Szumiata M. , Gevorkyan E. S.
Published: April 2023

The effect of nanodisperse powders on the microstructure and properties of corundum was studied. The microstructures of composites under different modes of electroconsolidation are considered. The phase composition and some mechanical properties of the composite materials obtained by the electrosintering method were determined. A comparative assessment of the properties is provided and recommendations are formulated for further improvement of the physical and mechanical properties of Al2O3–SiC composites, where silicon carbide nanopowders are used as additives.
New Spin on Tropical Cyclone Modeling
Authors: Ikenson Ben
Published: April 2023

Study introduces consideration of long-range tropical cyclone interaction with mainland using point spiral vortices modeling on a rotating sphere
Enhancement of Sapindus trifoliatus (soapnut) biodiesel yield, engine performance, and reduce emissions using Mg-doped CaO nanocatalyst
Authors: K Muninathan , M Venkata Ramanan
Published: April 2023

The use of biodiesel can reduce dependence on diesel, and the compression ignition (CI) engine's performance with biodiesel is substantially low but could be improved by emulsifying nano-additives. Biodiesel production and performance in CI engines using a homogeneous catalyst is less efficient, expensive, and time-consuming. In this research article, magnesium-doped calcium oxide (Mg–CaO), a novel heterogeneous nanocatalyst, was synthesized and then used to generate biodiesel from Sapindus trifoliatus seed oil. The catalyst surface characterization was analyzed using the surface imaging method, energy dispersive x-ray analysis, x-ray diffraction analysis, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Then, the nanocatalyst (30 ppm Mg–CaO) is emulsified in its nano form with the Sapindus trifoliatus biodiesel (STBD) at B25 (STB25% + diesel75%) blend and investigated in the CI engine. The highest yield of 91.75% of biodiesel was achieved at 58 °C, 73 min, 4% catalyst concentration (w/w), and 15:1 methanol:oil molar ratio. The performance results were obtained using STBD25, STBD25 blended with CaO nano-additives (STBD25 + 30 ppm CaO) and STBD25 blended with Mg-doped CaO nano-additives (STBD25 + 30ppm Mg–CaO) are compared to the baseline values obtained from diesel. From the comparison, it is revealed that STBD25 + 30ppm Mg–CaO has a greater influence on combustion, performance, and emission characteristics as follows: (i) in-cylinder pressure increased by 3.22%, 6.24%, and 9.02%, (ii) heat release rate increased by 1.68%, 16.69%, and 32.5%, (iii) brake thermal efficiency is found to be increased by 4.56%, 8.23%, and 11.79%, (iv) hydrocarbon (HC) decreased by 21.12%, 6.06%, and 11.43%, (v) carbon monoxide (CO) decreased by 0.04%, 0.01%, and 0.01%, and (vi) smoke decreased by 22.61%, 8.11%, and 14.25%, compared with diesel, STBD25 + 30 ppm CaO, and STBD25 at full load conditions. Oxides of nitrogen (NOx) released while using STBD25+Mg-doped CaO in CI engine were observed to decrease compared with STBD25 and STBD25+CaO (by 10.72% and 18.64%) and an increase compared with diesel (by 8.64%).