bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hacia la utopía concreta: crítica y prospección para la Ciudad Puerto de Antofagasta, Chile
Authors: Vergara-Perucich Jose Francisco , Texido Zlatar Alberto
Published: January 2019

El Puerto de Antofagasta es una infraestructura urbana ha sido foco de diversos problemas socio-espaciales históricos en la ciudad, generando una constante fricción entre sus funciones productivas (asociadas al acopio de material tóxico para la salud humana) y la creciente vida urbana en la llamada capital mundial del cobre. A partir de un conjunto de antecedentes y experiencias que antes han intentado transformar la relación del puerto con la ciudad, el presente artículo explora cómo dichas ideas pueden ser reaplicadas al contexto actual. La investigación posee una virtud procedimental al introducir el método de la utopía concreta (Lefebvre, 1970) para para organizar y sistematizar propuestas de diseño urbano, junto a abrir el debate sobre el rol del puerto de Antofagasta y como resolver sus conflictos desde las disciplinas urbanísticas, necesitando para ello, de transformaciones institucionales que empoderen el accionar de nivel local.
Extracción en movimiento: circulación del capital, poder estatal y urbanización logística en el norte minero de Chile
Authors: Arboleda Martín
Published: January 2019

A partir del caso de las ciudades portuarias del norte de Chile, este artículo analiza las implicaciones territoriales y sociopolíticas del giro logístico en las industrias extractivas. La adopción de imperativos de flujo, velocidad y conectividad por parte de la gran minería, ha dado origen a una modalidad de organización urbano-territorial donde la gobernanza del movimiento de los minerales asume un rol cada vez más relevante frente a los espacios de extracción individualmente considerados. Este proceso de urbanización logística ha hecho posible el desarrollo de un corredor transpacífico de infraestructuras que une múltiples depósitos minerales en las zonas cordilleranas de Chile con ciudades manufactureras y portuarias en el este asiático. A través de una lectura materialista del Estado, se afirma que los flujos metabólicos de este complejo sistema socioecológico son mediados por tendencias simultáneas y contrapuestas hacia la internacionalización y la concentración de la autoridad política del estado liberal tardío.
Material biobasado compuesto por el micelio de hongos descomponedores de madera y residuos agroindustriales
Authors: Rodríguez Sebastián
Published: January 2019

La presente investigación se enmarca en la exploración y experimentación de un nuevo material biobasado, compuesto a partir de la utilización del micelio de hongos descomponedores de madera y subproductos de la industria agrícola. En Chile se han registrado más de 3.000 especies de hongos (Mujica y Vergara, 1980), de las cuales sólo se ha descrito un 10%. La geografía local y el clima favorecen el desarrollo de los hongos en Chile, siendo la zona central y sur las que poseen las variables necesarias para la vida de éstos. Para el desarrollo de la investigación se colectaron, identificaron y propagaron hongos descomponedores de madera del género basidiomicetos, en particular se trabajó con las especies Pleorotus ostreatus y Trametes versicolor. A partir de este desarrollo se pretende obtener una tipología de posibles materiales biobasados. Por otro lado, la industria agroindustrial genera una enorme cantidad de residuos. Según odepa en el periodo 2015/2016 el residuo del cultivo de cereales correspondió a 2.1 millones de toneladas (odepa, 2016). Se evaluaron y caracterizaron las propiedades físicas y mecánicas del material. En base a lo anterior se investigan posibles áreas del diseño donde se pudiese proyectar y desarrollar el uso de este material biobasado.
Balcão único para os 'primeiros a tocar o sino' em acordos globais de leniência
Authors: Mendes Dany Rafael Fonseca , Constantino Michel , Herrera Gabriel Paes
Published: January 2019

Neste trabalho, assumindo os benefícios sociais relativos à defesa da concorrência, serão inicialmente expostos os problemas causados pela conduta de acordos ilegais entre “concorrentes” de mercado (cartéis). Em consequência dessa conduta socialmente indesejada, o tratamento destinado por diferentes países em programas de leniência será apresentado, incluindo-se, nesses programas, uma solução que vem ganhando força no combate aos cartéis mundo afora: a senha para o primeiro denunciante. Mais à frente, após a explicação da lógica que, na elaboração desses acordos de anistia, há por trás da leniência, o presente estudo cuidará de seu problema fundamental, ou seja, o excesso de jurisdições para acordos de leniência – que, em âmbito mundial, gera ineficiências ao sistema de defesa da concorrência. Como uma possível solução para esse excesso de jurisdições cuidando dos mesmos acordos, esta pesquisa abordará a proposta de um “balcão único para os primeiros a tocar o sino”, ou seja, a sugestão de se criar um sistema global de distribuição de senhas unificadas para acordos de leniência que, porventura, envolvam diversos países.
Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio: considerações sobre a influência do ENEM na produção do currículo de História
Authors: Santos Jean Mac Cole Tavares , Silva Francisco José Balduino da , Souza Francisco das Chagas Silva
Published: January 2019

O presente estudo tem por finalidade analisar a produção acadêmica em torno da influência do Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (ENEM) nos currículos escolares do Ensino Médio no que diz respeito à disciplina História. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica realizada no Banco de Teses e Dissertações da CAPES. O trabalho estrutura-se em três partes. A primeira traz um recorte histórico do ENEM de 1998 a 2016, a segunda trata de um levantamento quantitativo das teses e dissertações sobre o ENEM, e, por fim, uma análise de oito trabalhos que discutiram as implicações do ENEM no processo de ressignificação do currículo de História para o Ensino Médio.
O movimento B Corp: significados, potencialidades e desafios
Authors: Rodrigues Juliana , Comini Graziella Maria
Published: January 2019

As Empresas B (B Corps) vêm ganhando atenção na busca por articulações capazes de criar um elo entre o lucro e o interesse socioambiental. Este estudo qualitativo e interpretativo buscou compreender melhor este movimento empresarial, envolvendo um conjunto de 12 entrevistas para mapear seus significados a partir da percepção dos atores envolvidos, no Brasil e Estados Unidos. Percebe-se que a certificação pode ser considerada uma evolução dos mecanismos de prestação de contas ao incluir as etapas de confirmação, compromisso legal e identificação. O posicionamento ideológico e a atração de investidores de impacto são os principais motivadores para a certificação, percebida como uma forma de conferir legitimidade ao diferencial socioambiental das empresas. A percepção de ser uma marca pouco conhecida e de falta de benefícios práticos figura entre as principais fragilidades compensadas pelo fato de pertencer a uma comunidade que partilha dos mesmos valores e o potencial de networking e parcerias.
Employees’ Satisfaction of Government Organization in Tangail City, Bangladesh
Authors: Hossen Sayed Mohibul , Hossain Md. Takrib , Rana Md. Masud , Ismail Mohd Tahir
Published: January 2019

Employees' satisfaction is directly related to their commitment, citizenship behavior, turnover, absenteeism, dedication and performance. Job satisfaction is important to attract and retain talent workforce. Organization can ensure a competitive advantage over the key rivals through confirming the satisfaction of employees towards job. Organization need to meet the expectations of employees’ which shall ensure their job satisfaction. The purpose of the study is to measure the job satisfaction in government employees of Tangail district. Primary data was used in the study and the sample size of the study was 80. The study revealed the key facets of job satisfaction in government sector of Bangladesh. Factors including salary of employees, performance appraisal system, promotional strategies, employee’s relationship with management and other co- employees, training and development program, work burden, influence of higher authority and working hours are found important for improving job satisfaction of govt. employees in Tangail city. Increase in level of these factors improves overall satisfaction of employees which is identified by using statistical technique.
Fountain Codes and Linear Filtring to Mitigate Pilot Contamination Issue in Massive MiMo
Authors: Benzid Djedjiga , Kadoch Miche
Published: January 2019

The fifth generation of cellular mobile (5G) is a future technology to meet growing capacity of users. For this prupose 5G will use advanced technologies. Very large multi- input multi- output or massive MiMo (m-MiMo) is considered as one of the promising technology. Nevertheless, the performance of m-MiMo is limited by pilot contamination issue. In fact, to mitigate pilot contamination issues in massive multi-input multi-output (m-MiMo), we proposed in previous work a new scheme where Raptor decoded symbols are used to estimate channel with Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) technique. The main benefit of this method is that the receiver does not need a transmitted pilot symbols to evaluate the channel, which allows saving power at transmission. The results showed that the MMSE scheme achieved the ideal case of the perfect channel. In this precedent paper, the MMSE detector and raptor code are used for their robustness among other schemes of linear detectors, and corrector codes, nevertheless, in case of m-MiMO, it was shown that all linear detectors work optimally. For this purpose, we include in this present article an additional linear filter to enhance the prior study, in which two supplementary detectors are considered, namely Zero Forcing (ZF) and Maximum Ratio Compression (MRC). The objective of this paper is to determine the ideal filtering technique and the robustness fountain code to address pilot contamination problem. In fact, the simulation results show that the ZF can attain the same ideal performance as the MMSE with raptor decoded symbols while MRC achieved lower performance compared to the other two shemes. 
Perturbed smoothing approach to the lower order exact penalty functions for nonlinear inequality constrained optimization
Authors: Nguyen Binh Thanh , Bai Yanqin , Yan Xin , Yang Touna
Published: January 2019

In this paper, we propose two new smoothing approximation to the lower order exact penalty functions for nonlinear optimization problems with inequality constraints. Error estimations between smoothed penalty function and nonsmooth penalty function are investigated. By using these new smooth penalty functions, a nonlinear optimization problem with inequality constraints is converted into a sequence of minimizations of continuously differentiable function. Then based on each of the smoothed penalty functions, we develop an algorithm respectively to finding an approximate optimal solution of the original constrained optimization problem and prove the convergence of the proposed algorithms. The effectiveness of the smoothed penalty functions is illustrated through three examples, which show that the algorithm seems efficient.
Towards an API for User Attention Prediction in Mobile Notification Overload
Authors: Dias da Silva Alberto Vianna , Vieira Vaninha
Published: January 2019

Mobile device users receive a lot of notifications per day. Some important notifications may be lost because of notification overloading. For some user, losing a notification can generate serious problems. This work proposes an Application Programming Interface (API) that uses context-awareness and machine learning to predict user attention to support mobile application developers and increases the chances of a important notification to be attended.
A Framework for Automatic Topic Segmentation in Video Lectures
Authors: Soares Eduardo R. , Barrére Eduardo
Published: January 2019

Nowadays, video lectures are a very popular way to transmit knowledge, and because of that, there are many repositories with a large catalog of those videos on web. Despite all benefits that this high availability of video lectures brings, some problems also emerge from this scenario. One of these problems is that, it is very difficult find relevant content associate with those videos. Many times, students must to watch the entire video lecture to find the point of interest and, sometimes, these points are not found. For that reason, the proposal of this master’s project is to investigate and propose a novel framework based on early fusion of low and high-level audio features enriched with external knowledge from open databases for automatic topic segmentation in video lectures. We have performed preliminary experiments in two sets of video lectures using the current state of our work. The obtained results were very satisfactory, which evidences the potential of our proposal.
WALO: Ferramenta para Gerenciamento de Mídias Sociais
Authors: Santos Marília G. , Souza Antonio C.S. , Macedo Márcio C.F.
Published: January 2019

Social media is a very important tool for businesses, especially those that depend on marketing strategies for greater brand recognition. In addition, social media helps enrich the customer experience and reduce marketing expenses. Social media management allows companies to get information that refl ects the overall consumer sentiment of their brand or their products, quickly and securely. However, such management is not an easy task, since the large amount of existing social media requires a lot of eff ort from professionals to deal with all the information that infl uences these social media. Therefore, a reasonable need is identifi ed in creating a specifi c tool to manage social media at once. In this article, we propose WALO, a new open source tool that allows professionals to use diff erent social media simultaneously, providing a new way for these professionals to interact with their clients through a chatbot.
VideoViz - Uma proposta de ferramenta de visualização de logs de interação em players de vídeo
Authors: Damasceno André Luiz de B. , Guedes Álan L.V. , Colcher Sergio , Barbosa Simone D.J. , Rabêlo Dilson J.L. , Monier Elza B.
Published: January 2019

The usage of technologies for content authoring, storage, distribution and presentation supported the arise of Virtual Learning Environments (VLEs) such as Moodle and MOOCs (e.g., Udacity, Coursera, EdX). All students’ interaction in these environments can be stored in logs. For instance, video is one of the resources has a greater focus on VLEs. In this paper, we present a state-of-the-art overview of interaction analysis on video players. We noticed that teachers would like to know how and when students interact with videos. In order to fill this gap, we propose VideoViz, a tool to analyse logs from interaction on video players.
RDA and Rare Books Cataloging, Part 2
Authors: Burns Mary
Published: January 2019

Catalogers using Descriptive Cataloging of Rare Materials: Books (DCRM(B)) were challenged when the Library of Congress (LC) adopted Resource Description and Access (RDA). DCRM(B) is based on AACR2, which is organized according to International Standard Bibliographic Description (ISBD) areas. RDA is based on FRBR. As of this writing, the RBMS Bibliographic Standards Committee intends to finish an initial version of RBMS Policy Statements for the RDA Toolkit. This paper discusses the creation process of three catalog records for the same rare book developed according to DCRM(B), the PCC-RDA-BSR with rare materials provisions, and RDA with exceptions for early printed resources.
Book Review: Reengineering the Library: Issues in Electronic Resources Management
Authors: Gates Lynn E.
Published: January 2019

Over the last ten years electronic resources (e-resources) have exploded, becoming a larger and more substantial part of library collections. As Stachokas writes in the introduction, “Libraries are reengineering in terms of their professional skills, organizational structures, collections, systems, tools and assessment in order to provide users with a greater number and more types of electronic resources” (xi). This reengineering is vital as processes used for purchasing and preparing print and other physical materials for use are no longer adequate to handle the increased volume of e-resources acquired by libraries. Reengineering the Library is written for academic library practitioners, and there are several chapters that will be of particular interest to those new to the field of electronic resource management.
A autonomia da escola na perspectiva da gestão democrática: entre o preposto e o existente no interior de uma escola pública de Belo Horizonte/MG
Authors: Silva Barbosa José Márcio , Cardoso Coelho Fernando Alvarenga
Published: January 2019

Neste texto tem-se como objetivo compreender até que ponto a autonomia da escola pode contribuir para o enfrentamento das situações concretas relativas à gestão da escola pública ultrapassando o discurso generalizante que termina por constituir contemplativamente na construção da gestão democrática. Utilizou-se como procedimento metodológico a pesquisa qualitativa de cunho bibliográfica, análise documental e estudo de caso, utilizando para coleta de dados entrevista semiestruturada aplicada a um gestor de escola pública da rede estadual de ensino. Fortalecer o compromisso do gestor escolar e de professores para a construção da gestão democrática e para autonomia nuclear nas tomadas de decisões da escola continua a ser um bom caminho a percorrer.Palavras-chave: autonomia da escola; gestão democrática; práticas de gestão escolar.
Práticas de gestão: um estudo de caso na Escola Municipal Santos Anjos/RS
Authors: Thums Angela , Fritsch Rosangela
Published: January 2019

Este artigo resulta de uma pesquisa sobre gestão escolar com foco na reflexão sobre práticas que vêm sendo adotadas à luz de políticas educacionais. Buscou-se compreender quais variáveis têm contribuído para que a Escola Municipal Santos Anjos venha atingindo Ideb acima das metas projetadas. Configura-se numa pesquisa qualitativa, com a coleta de dados sendo feita por meio de observação, entrevistas e documentos submetidos à análise de conteúdo. Como resultado algumas variáveis emergiram como significativas influenciando e contribuindo para a qualidade do ensino na escola estudada: cultura da comunidade, cultura da escola e as práticas da gestão.Palavras-chave: gestão escolar; cultura da escola e da comunidade; indicadores de qualidade.
INVESTIGATION OF EFFECTS OF HEAT RELEASE IN ELECTROCHEMICAL SYSTEMS AND THEIR USE IN TECHNOLOGIES FOR PRODUCTION OF ENERGY-INTENSIVE SOURCES FOR AIRCRAFT
Authors: Shalimov Yuri N. , Shuklin Igor K. , Parfenyuk Vladimir I. , Korolkov Vladimir I. , Russu Alexander V. , Kudryash Vladlen I.
Published: January 2019

The search for new, more energy-intensive types of fuel for the operation of the power plants of aircraft is the most important task in aviation. The unique fuel that has no analogues is hydrogen. The paper attempts to substantiate the technology of metal hydride hydrogen storage in electrochemical systems based on aluminum and its alloys as the most affordable materials from fossil metals, since the traditional methods based on the use of cylinders and cryostats are not effective in transport systems. It is shown that the volumetric storage of hydrogen in the porous structure of metals with the formation of hydrides on atomic bond defects is maximally suitable for the implementation of the system, eliminating the excessive pressure and the low temperatures. The porous structure of the material provides both a high degree of availability of the electrolyte solution to the electrode for the accumulation of hydrides in the entire volume of the metal, and not only on its surface, but also the conditions for the realization of the reduction effect that excludes the explosive nature of hydrogen extraction. The problem of increasing the temperature in the reaction zone, which sometimes causes a slowdown in the rate of certain stages of the electrochemical process, is considered. Using the example of galvanic chrome plating, it has been established that an increase in the temperature inhibits the process of the reducing of the metallic chromium. Therefore, the detailed account of the thermal effects in the electrochemical system allows us to determine the mechanism of the processes. The work revealed that the thermal effects arising at the cathode determine the kinetics of the hydrogen reduction processes during the formation of a hydride. And the thermal effects at the anode determine the kinetics of the formation of a porous structure in the metal. The authors proposed to use the principle of action associated with the transition to the technologies of the volumetric storage of hydrogen in a solid-phase system based on a metal hydride compound for the formation of a new class of aircraft - diaplan.
Comparative study of off-clamp, laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (OCLPN) and conventional hilar control, laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (HCLPN) for renal tumors: One-year follow-up results of renal function change
Authors: Kang Su Hwan , Rhew Hyun Yul , Kim Taek Sang
Published: January 2019

We designed the study to compare the oncologic and renal function outcomes of off-clamp, laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (OCLPN) and conventional laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (HCLPN) for renal tumors. Methods Between March 2008 and July 2015, 114 patients who underwent laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) of a renal neoplasm were studied. We performed LPN without hilar clamp on 40 patients (OCLPN, Group 1), and conventional LPN with hilar control and renorrhaphy on another 40 patients (HCLPN, Group 2). We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of each patient's age, sex, R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry score (RNS), operation time, complications, hospitalization period, tumor size, positive resection margin, histologic classification of tumor, pathologic stage, Fuhrman grade, estimated blood loss (EBL), warm ischemic time (WIT), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) before and one year after surgery. Results There were no significant differences in age, sex, preoperative eGFR, EBL, surgical (anesthesia) time, and tumor size between the two groups. The mean eGFR was not significantly different between the OCLPN and HCLPN groups 1 month (95 and 86.2 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively; P = 0.106), 6 months (92.9 and 83.6 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively; P = 0.151) and 12 months (93.8 and 84.7 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively; P = 0.077) postoperatively. The change in eGFR after one year was 3.9% in the OCLPN group and −7.9% in the HCLPN group. Conclusions OCLPN was superior to HCLPN in preserving renal function one year after surgery, and there was no statistically significant difference in tumor treatment results.
Inspiring and ethical mentorship in STEM: A meeting highlighting need for engagement, incentives, and accountability
Authors: Ruiz Juan Pablo , Gurel Pinar , Olds William H , Bankston Adriana , McDowell Gary S
Published: January 2019

Academic research institutes have a responsibility to train the next generation of scientists in safe, inclusive environments. However, recent data has shown an increasingly worrying trend of early career researchers (ECRs), particularly underrepresented minorities (URMs), struggling to gain academic independence in STEM fields. While hypercompetition, lack of research funds, and scarce independent research opportunities are systemic sources of this problem, research shows that inadequate mentoring and toxic cultures are major contributors to attrition rates. To address the state of mentoring in STEM, and to discuss further actions to take to improve STEM mentoring, early-career researchers organized a meeting at UMD-College Park on academic mentoring. The talks and workshops, which included students, postdocs, and experts in both STEM and mentoring fields, focused on culturally aware mentoring, hypercompetition, mental health, ethical behavior, and advocacy. Here, we provide an overview of the mentoring landscape experienced by ECRs and describe available resources and further actions for the academic community to join with to improve mentoring practices.
Categorizing Cognition
Authors: Halford Graeme S. , Wilson William H. , Andrews Glenda , Phillips Steven
Published: January 2019

A proposal for a categorization of cognition based on core properties of the constituent processes that integrates theory and empirical findings across domains.

All sciences need ways to classify the phenomena they investigate; chemistry has the periodic table and biology a taxonomic system for classifying life forms. These classification schemes depend on conceptual coherence, demonstrated correspondences across paradigms. This conceptual coherence has proved elusive in psychology, although recent advances have brought the field to the point at which it is possible to define the type of classificatory system needed. This book proposes a categorization of cognition based on core properties of constituent processes, recognizing correspondences between cognitive processes with similar underlying structure but different surface properties. These correspondences are verified mathematically and shown not to be merely coincidental.

The proposed formulation leads to general principles that transcend domains and paradigms and facilitate the interpretation of empirical findings. It covers human and nonhuman cognition and human cognition in all age ranges. Just as the periodic table classifies elements and not compounds, this system classifies relatively basic versions of cognitive tasks but allows for complexity. The book shows that a more integrated, coherent account of cognition would have many benefits. It would reduce the conceptual fragmentation of psychology; offer defined criteria by which to categorize new empirical results; and lead to fruitful hypotheses for the acquisition of higher cognition.
This Is Why We Can't Have Nice Things
Authors: Phillips Whitney
Published: January 2019

Why the troll problem is actually a culture problem: how online trolling fits comfortably within today's media landscape.

Internet trolls live to upset as many people as possible, using all the technical and psychological tools at their disposal. They gleefully whip the media into a frenzy over a fake teen drug crisis; they post offensive messages on Facebook memorial pages, traumatizing grief-stricken friends and family; they use unabashedly racist language and images. They take pleasure in ruining a complete stranger's day and find amusement in their victim's anguish. In short, trolling is the obstacle to a kinder, gentler Internet. To quote a famous Internet meme, trolling is why we can't have nice things online. Or at least that's what we have been led to believe. In this provocative book, Whitney Phillips argues that trolling, widely condemned as obscene and deviant, actually fits comfortably within the contemporary media landscape. Trolling may be obscene, but, Phillips argues, it isn't all that deviant. Trolls' actions are born of and fueled by culturally sanctioned impulses—which are just as damaging as the trolls' most disruptive behaviors.

Phillips describes, for example, the relationship between trolling and sensationalist corporate media—pointing out that for trolls, exploitation is a leisure activity; for media, it's a business strategy. She shows how trolls, “the grimacing poster children for a socially networked world,” align with social media. And she documents how trolls, in addition to parroting media tropes, also offer a grotesque pantomime of dominant cultural tropes, including gendered notions of dominance and success and an ideology of entitlement. We don't just have a trolling problem, Phillips argues; we have a culture problem. This Is Why We Can't Have Nice Things isn't only about trolls; it's about a culture in which trolls thrive.
The Not-Two
Authors: Chiesa Lorenzo
Published: January 2019

A philosophical examination of the treatment of logic and God in Lacan's later psychoanalytic theory.

In The Not-Two, Lorenzo Chiesa examines the treatment of logic and God in Lacan's later work. Chiesa draws for the most part from Lacan's Seminars of the early 1970s, as they revolve around the axiom “There is no sexual relationship.” Chiesa provides both a close reading of Lacan's effort to formalize sexual difference as incompleteness and an assessment of its broader implications for philosophical realism and materialism.

Chiesa argues that “There is no sexual relationship” is for Lacan empirically and historically circumscribed by psychoanalysis, yet self-evident in our everyday lives. Lacan believed that we have sex because we love, and that love is a desire to be One in face of the absence of the sexual relationship. Love presupposes a real “not-two.” The not-two condenses the idea that our love and sex lives are dictated by the impossibility of fusing man's contradictory being with the heteros of woman as a fundamentally uncountable Other. Sexual liaisons are sustained by a transcendental logic, the so-called phallic function that attempts to overcome this impossibility.

Chiesa also focuses on Lacan's critical dialogue with modern science and formal logic, as well as his dismantling of sexuality as considered by mainstream biological discourse. Developing a new logic of sexuation based on incompleteness requires the relinquishing of any alleged logos of life and any teleological evolution.

For Lacan, the truth of incompleteness as approached psychoanalytically through sexuality would allow us to go further in debunking traditional onto-theology and replace it with a “para-ontology” yet to be developed. Given the truth of incompleteness, Chiesa asks, can we think such a truth in itself without turning incompleteness into another truth about truth, that is, into yet another figure of God as absolute being?
Of Remixology
Authors: Gunkel David J.
Published: January 2019

A new theory of moral and aesthetic value for the age of remix, going beyond the usual debates over originality and appropriation.

Remix—or the practice of recombining preexisting content—has proliferated across media both digital and analog. Fans celebrate it as a revolutionary new creative practice; critics characterize it as a lazy and cheap (and often illegal) recycling of other people's work. In Of Remixology, David Gunkel argues that to understand remix, we need to change the terms of the debate. The two sides of the remix controversy, Gunkel contends, share certain underlying values—originality, innovation, artistic integrity. And each side seeks to protect these values from the threat that is represented by the other. In reevaluating these shared philosophical assumptions, Gunkel not only provides a new way to understand remix, he also offers an innovative theory of moral and aesthetic value for the twenty-first century.

In a section called “Premix,” Gunkel examines the terminology of remix (including “collage,” “sample,” “bootleg,” and “mashup”) and its material preconditions, the technology of recording. In “Remix,” he takes on the distinction between original and copy; makes a case for repetition; and considers the question of authorship in a world of seemingly endless recompiled and repurposed content. Finally, in “Postmix,” Gunkel outlines a new theory of moral and aesthetic value that can accommodate remix and its cultural significance, remixing—or reconfiguring and recombining—traditional philosophical approaches in the process.
Frankenstein
Authors: Shelley Mary
Published: January 2019

The original 1818 text of Mary Shelley's classic novel, with annotations and essays highlighting its scientific, ethical, and cautionary aspects.

Mary Shelley's Frankenstein has endured in the popular imagination for two hundred years. Begun as a ghost story by an intellectually and socially precocious eighteen-year-old author during a cold and rainy summer on the shores of Lake Geneva, the dramatic tale of Victor Frankenstein and his stitched-together creature can be read as the ultimate parable of scientific hubris. Victor, “the modern Prometheus,” tried to do what he perhaps should have left to Nature: create life. Although the novel is most often discussed in literary-historical terms—as a seminal example of romanticism or as a groundbreaking early work of science fiction—Mary Shelley was keenly aware of contemporary scientific developments and incorporated them into her story. In our era of synthetic biology, artificial intelligence, robotics, and climate engineering, this edition of Frankenstein will resonate forcefully for readers with a background or interest in science and engineering, and anyone intrigued by the fundamental questions of creativity and responsibility.

This edition of Frankenstein pairs the original 1818 version of the manuscript—meticulously line-edited and amended by Charles E. Robinson, one of the world's preeminent authorities on the text—with annotations and essays by leading scholars exploring the social and ethical aspects of scientific creativity raised by this remarkable story. The result is a unique and accessible edition of one of the most thought-provoking and influential novels ever written.

The open access edition of this book was made possible by generous funding from Knowledge Unlatched.

Essays by Elizabeth Bear, Cory Doctorow, Heather E. Douglas, Josephine Johnston, Kate MacCord, Jane Maienschein, Anne K. Mellor, Alfred Nordmann
Activity-Centered Design
Authors: Gay Geraldine , Hembrooke Helene
Published: January 2019

An examination of the shift to context-based human-computer interaction design practice, illuminated by the concepts of Activity Theory and related methods.

The shift in the practice of human-computer interaction (HCI) Design from user-centered to context-based design marks a significant change in focus. With context-based design, designers start not with a preconceived idea of what users should do, but with an understanding of what users actually do. Context-based design focuses on the situation in which the technology will be used—the activities relating to it and their social contexts. Designers must also realize that introduction of the technology itself changes the situation; in order to design workable systems, the design process must become flexible and adaptive. In Activity-Centered Design, Geri Gay and Helene Hembrooke argue that it is time to develop new models for HCI design that support not only research and development but also investigations into the context and motivation of user behavior.Gay and Hembrooke examine the ongoing interaction of computer systems use, design practice, and design evaluation, using the concepts of activity theory and related methods as a theoretical framework. Among the topics they discuss are the reciprocal relationship between the tool and the task, how activities shape the requirements of particular tools and how the application of the tools begins to reshape the activity; differing needs and expectations of participants when new technology is introduced, examining in particular the integration of wireless handheld devices into museums and learning environments; and the effect of the layout of the computing space on movement, function, and social interaction. Gay and Hembrooke then apply their findings on the use of technology in everyday contexts to inform future HCI design practice.
How to Go Digital
Authors: MIT Sloan Management Review
Published: January 2019

Advice on how companies can succeed in the new digital business environment.

The most important skills a leader needs to succeed in a digital environment are not technical in nature but managerial—strategic vision, forward-looking perspective, change-oriented mindset. A company's digital transformation does not involve abandoning widget-making for app developing or pursuing “disruption” at the cost of stability. Rather, it is about adopting business processes and practices that position organizations to compete effectively in the digital environment. More important than technology implementation are strategy, talent management, organizational structure, and leadership aligned for the digital world. How to Go Digital offers advice from management experts on how to steer your company into the digital future.

The book will put you on the right strategic path, with articles from MIT Sloan Management Review on developing a digital strategy, reframing growth for a digital world, monetizing data, and generating sustainable value from social media. Talent acquisition and retention are addressed, with articles on HR analytics, data translators, and enabling employees to become brand ambassadors outside of the office. Operational makeovers are discussed in terms of sales, services, new technologies, and innovation.

Contributors Allan Alter, Stephen J. Andriole, Bart Baesens, Gloria Barczak, Cynthia M. Beath, Alpheus Bingham, Didier Bonnet, Chris Brady, Joseph Byrum, Marina Candi, Manuel Cebrian, Marie-Cécile Cervellon, Simon Chadwick, Sophie De Winne, Mike Forde, Gerald C. Kane, Rahul Kapoor, David Kiron, Thomas Klueter, Mary C. Lacity, Rikard Lindgren, Pamela Lirio, Tucker J. Marion, Lars Mathiassen, Pete Maulik, Paul Michelman, Narendra Mulani, Pierre Nanterme, Doug Palmer, Alex “Sandy” Pentland, Anh Nguyen Phillips, Frank T. Piller, Iyad Rahwan, Deborah L. Roberts, Jeanne W. Ross, Ina M. Sebastian, Luc Sels, James E. Short, Fredrik Svahn, Steve Todd, Leslie P. Willcocks, H. James Wilson, Barbara H. Wixom
What Is Thought?
Authors: Baum Eric B.
Published: January 2019

In What Is Thought? Eric Baum proposes a computational explanation of thought. Just as Erwin Schrodinger in his classic 1944 work What Is Life? argued ten years before the discovery of DNA that life must be explainable at a fundamental level by physics and chemistry, Baum contends that the present-day inability of computer science to explain thought and meaning is no reason to doubt there can be such an explanation. Baum argues that the complexity of mind is the outcome of evolution, which has built thought processes that act unlike the standard algorithms of computer science and that to understand the mind we need to understand these thought processes and the evolutionary process that produced them in computational terms.

Baum proposes that underlying mind is a complex but compact program that corresponds to the underlying structure of the world. He argues further that the mind is essentially programmed by DNA. We learn more rapidly than computer scientists have so far been able to explain because the DNA code has programmed the mind to deal only with meaningful possibilities. Thus the mind understands by exploiting semantics, or meaning, for the purposes of computation; constraints are built in so that although there are myriad possibilities, only a few make sense. Evolution discovered corresponding subroutines or shortcuts to speed up its processes and to construct creatures whose survival depends on making the right choice quickly. Baum argues that the structure and nature of thought, meaning, sensation, and consciousness therefore arise naturally from the evolution of programs that exploit the compact structure of the world.

Bradford Books imprint
Red Prometheus
Authors: Augustine Dolores L.
Published: January 2019

This analysis of the relationship between science and totalitarian rule in one of the most technically advanced countries in the East bloc examines professional autonomy under dictatorship and the place of technology in Communist ideology.

In Cold War-era East Germany, the German tradition of science-based technology merged with a socialist system that made technological progress central to its ideology. Technology became an important part of East German socialist identity—crucial to how Communists saw their system and how citizens saw their state. In Red Prometheus, Dolores Augustine examines the relationship between a dictatorial system and the scientific and engineering communities in East Germany from the end of the Second World War through the 1980s.

Drawing on newly opened archives and extensive interviews, Augustine looks in detail at individual scientists' interactions with the East German system, examining the effectiveness of their resistance against the party's totalitarian impulses. She explains why many German scientists and engineers who were deported to the Soviet Union after World War II returned to East Germany rather than defecting to the capitalist West, traces scientists' attempts to hold on to some aspects of professional autonomy, and describes challenges to their professional identity on the factory floor. Augustine examines the quality of science and technology produced under Communist rule, looking at failed research projects and clashing cultures of innovation. She looks at technological myth-building in science fiction and propaganda. She explores individual career strategies, including the role played by gender in high-tech professions, and the ways that both enterprises and individuals responded to increasing state and party control of research during the 1980s. We cannot understand the economic choices made by East Germany, Augustine argues, unless we understand the cultural values reflected in the East German belief in technology as indispensable to progress and industrial development.
The Configuration Space Method for Kinematic Design of Mechanisms
Authors: Sacks Elisha , Joskowicz Leo
Published: January 2019

A novel algorithmic approach to mechanism design based on a geometric representation of kinematic function called configuration space partitions.

This book presents the configuration space method for computer-aided design of mechanisms with changing part contacts. Configuration space is a complete and compact geometric representation of part motions and part interactions that supports the core mechanism design tasks of analysis, synthesis, and tolerancing. It is the first general algorithmic treatment of the kinematics of higher pairs with changing contacts. It will help designers detect and correct design flaws and unexpected kinematic behaviors, as demonstrated in the book's four case studies taken from industry. After presenting the configuration space framework and algorithms for mechanism kinematics, the authors describe algorithms for kinematic analysis, tolerancing, and synthesis based on configuration spaces. The case studies follow, illustrating the application of the configuration space method to the analysis and design of automotive, micro-mechanical, and optical mechanisms. Appendixes offer a catalog of higher-pair mechanisms and a description of HIPAIR, an open source C++ mechanical design system that implements some of the configuration space methods described in the book, including configuration space visualization and kinematic simulation. HIPAIR comes with an interactive graphical user interface and many sample mechanism input files. The Configuration Space Method for Kinematic Design of Mechanisms will be a valuable resource for students, researchers, and engineers in mechanical engineering, computer science, and robotics.
Greening Berlin
Authors: Lachmund Jens
Published: January 2019

How plant and animal species conservation became part of urban planning in Berlin, and how the science of ecology contributed to this change.

Although nature conservation has traditionally focused on the countryside, issues of biodiversity protection also appear on the political agendas of many cities. One of the emblematic examples of this now worldwide trend has been the German city of Berlin, where, since the 1970s, urban planning has been complemented by a systematic policy of “biotope protection”—at first only in the walled city island of West Berlin, but subsequently across the whole of the reunified capital. In Greening Berlin, Jens Lachmund uses the example of Berlin to examine the scientific and political dynamics that produced this change.

After describing a tradition of urban greening in Berlin that began in the late nineteenth century, Lachmund details the practices of urban ecology and nature preservation that emerged in West Berlin after World War II and have continued in post-unification Berlin. He tells how ecologists and naturalists created an ecological understanding of urban space on which later nature-conservation policy was based. Lachmund argues that scientific change in ecology and the new politics of nature mutually shaped or “co-produced” each other under locally specific conditions in Berlin. He shows how the practices of ecologists coalesced with administrative practices to form an institutionally embedded and politically consequential “nature regime.”

Lachmund's study sheds light not only on the changing place of nature in the modern city but also on the political use of science in environmental conflicts, showing the mutual formation of science, politics, and nature in an urban context.
Producing Power
Authors: Schmid Sonja D.
Published: January 2019

An examination of how the technical choices, social hierarchies, economic structures, and political dynamics shaped the Soviet nuclear industry leading up to Chernobyl.

The Chernobyl disaster has been variously ascribed to human error, reactor design flaws, and industry mismanagement. Six former Chernobyl employees were convicted of criminal negligence; they defended themselves by pointing to reactor design issues. Other observers blamed the Soviet style of ideologically driven economic and industrial management. In Producing Power, Sonja Schmid draws on interviews with veterans of the Soviet nuclear industry and extensive research in Russian archives as she examines these alternate accounts. Rather than pursue one “definitive” explanation, she investigates how each of these narratives makes sense in its own way and demonstrates that each implies adherence to a particular set of ideas—about high-risk technologies, human-machine interactions, organizational methods for ensuring safety and productivity, and even about the legitimacy of the Soviet state. She also shows how these attitudes shaped, and were shaped by, the Soviet nuclear industry from its very beginnings.

Schmid explains that Soviet experts established nuclear power as a driving force of social, not just technical, progress. She examines the Soviet nuclear industry's dual origins in weapons and electrification programs, and she traces the emergence of nuclear power experts as a professional community. Schmid also fundamentally reassesses the design choices for nuclear power reactors in the shadow of the Cold War's arms race.

Schmid's account helps us understand how and why a complex sociotechnical system broke down. Chernobyl, while unique and specific to the Soviet experience, can also provide valuable lessons for contemporary nuclear projects.