bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic Characteristics of Native Genotypes Belonging to Koeleria genus
Authors: KOYUNCU Rabiya , AVCI Mehmet Ali
Published: August 2021

Some plant species belonging to the Koeleria genus have many features that make it an ideal grass with low maintenance costs. Their slow growth habit, tolerance to drought and extreme environmental conditions, and their wide natural distribution make them strong candidates for development as grass and forage. In this study, observations and measurements were carried out in 2019-2020 to determine phenotypic characteristics in 53 genotypes selected according to their superior characteristics from Koeleria genotypes collected from the natural flora of Turkey. In Koeleria genotypes; Quality (1-9 scale), seasonal color change (1-9 scale), leaf texture (1-9 scale), density (1-9 scale), plant height (cm), leaf width (cm), leaf length ( cm), leaf area (cm²), growing type in autumn (1-9 scale), plant diameter (cm), spring regrowth time (1-9 scale), panicle formation tendency (1-9 scale), panicle height (cm ), last internode length (cm), seed yield (g) mean values were 6.90, 4.13, 4.01, 4.73, 52.11, 0.21, 16.15, 3.42, 3.60, 46.33, 6.54, 5.37, 7.69, 16.88, 4.7, respectively. Correlation analysis table was created among the phenotypic traits examined and it was found that the traits were significantly effective on each other. Positive correlations between some of these will allow for multi-featured selection in variety improvement. In addition, in the dendrogram created as a result of the cluster analysis, the genotypes are divided into 2 main and 2 subgroups in each main group. This analysis provides ease of selection according to the characteristics focused on these groups for synthetic variety breeding and future breeding studies. As a result of this study, the superior Koeleria genotypes that can be used in breeding studies will be determined.
Goods and Services Tax: Benefits and its Impact on Indian Economy
Authors: Ahmad Jamil
Published: August 2021

The Goods and Services Tax, or GST, took effect on July 1, 2017. The new tax system was designed to replace all current indirect taxes with a single, comprehensive tax. The Products and Services Tax (GST) is a consumption tax imposed on goods and services depending on their final destination (Bhushan Satya). Simply said, GST is a single tax that applies to the delivery of goods and services from the producer to the end user. In a nutshell, it's a tax imposed solely on value addition, with input tax credits transferred to successive stages of value addition, implying that the ultimate tax burden would fall on the end user of products or services.

The anticipated advantages of implementing the GST are that it would decrease the cascading impact of taxes, i.e. it will eliminate tax on tax. It was also anticipated to stimulate demand for products and the elimination of a number of indirect taxes such as VAT, CST, Service tax, CAD, SAD, and Excise, among others, which would help to improve the Indian economy in the long term.

This paper tries to highlight the cost and benefits bear by the economy due to implementation of the GST. The paper also tries to find out the expected rate of growth of economy after the GST. Finally, the study tries to conclude that how it would be disrupted and benefits the economy in the long run.
Unintended Consequences: Reconsidering the Effects of UN Peacekeeping on State-sponsored Violence
Authors: Nomikos William George
Published: August 2021

This essay challenges theoretical and empirical arguments about peacebuilding effectiveness that put the state at the center of United Nations peace operations. We argue that state-centric UN peacebuilding operations inadvertently incentivize local-level violence in post-conflict zones. We demonstrate that when the UN supports central governments it unintentionally empowers non-professionalized militaries, paramilitaries, and warlords to settle local scores. Armed violence against civilians in turn triggers a vicious cycle of reprisals and counter-reprisals. As an alternative to state-centric peacebuilding operations that incentivize local violence, we suggest that the UN should shift strategic resources away from central governments and toward UN policing, support of traditional and religious authorities, and the training of local security institutions.
Dampak Penerapan Belajar Dari Rumah (BDR) Bagi Siswa, Guru, dan Orang Tua Siswa
Authors: Nurmiati
Published: August 2021

Saat ini dunia dilanda pandemik, penyakit covid-19 telah memporak porandakan dunia tak terkecuali Indonesia. Covid-19 masuk ke Indonesia mulai Maret 2020.Hal ini berdampak pada semua aspek kehidupan kita,yaitu aspek ekonomi, sosial bahkan pada aspek pendidikan. Bagaimana sikap pemerintah menghadapi pandemik ini? Pemerintah sudah melakukan berbagai upaya untuk pencegahan penyebaran virus tersebut. Mulai dari penutupanpasar, tempat wisata, sampai melarang anak-anak bersekolah dan diganti dengan belajar dari rumah (BDR). Dalam menyikapi pandemi tersebut menteri pendidikan dan kebudayaan (mendikbud),Nadiem Makarim, mengeluarkan surat edaran Mendikbud RI No. 3 Tahun 2020 Tanggal 09 Maret 2020 Tentang 18 Instruksi Pencegahan Virus Corona di Satuan Pendidikan. Instruksi ini berisi himbauan untuk melakukan tindakan pencegahan perkembangan dan penyebaran virus tersebut di lingkungan pendidikan. Tak lama kemudian mendikbud mengeluarkan surat edaran yang berisi himbauan kepada kepala provinsi untuk memberlakukan pembelajaran secara daring atau belajar dari rumah (BDR). Pembelajaran daring ini ditujukanuntuk siswa, guru maupun mahasiswa. Menindak lanjuti himbauan dari Mendikbud tersebut, semua guru memberlakukan sistem Belajar Dari Rumah (BDR) . BDR merupakan sebuah proses pembelajaran yang dilakukan oleh siswa dan guru di rumah masing-masing. Dengan BDR ini, diharapkan akan memutus rantai penyebaran penyakit Covid-19. Selama BDR siswa dihimbau untuk tetap melakukan semua aktivitas di rumah dan menerapkan perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat. Dengan tetap beraktivitas dari rumah, siswa otomatis akan menjaga jarak dengan orang lain (physical distancing) dan menghindari kerumunan orang (social distancing). Penerapan pembelajaran online yang mengutamakan pembelajaran secara mandiri di rumah memerlukan sarana dan prasarana komputer dan jaringan internet yang memadai. Selain itu juga harus didukung dengan metode pembelajaran, sumber belajar berupa buku dan sumber belajar lainnya serta peran aktif orang tua di rumah. Dengan keterbatasan sarana dan prasarana, latar belakang kemampuan guru,kondisi keluarga siswa dan kondisi geografis SDN 010 Salutabang, pelaksanaan BDR online ini tetap mengalami hambatan dan tantangan.
TRIK DAN TIPS MENINGKATKAN MUTU PENDIDIKAN DI ERA INDUSTRI 4.0 DALAM MEWUJUDKAN PERGURUAN TINGGI YANG TRANSFORMATIF
Authors: Sapalakkai Rini Sumanti
Published: August 2021

Tujuan dalam penulisan artikel ini adalah melihat signifikasi tentang koontribusi dosen dalam meningkatkan mutu pendidikan di era digital. Secara empiris, penulis mengamati bahwa masih ditemukan beberapa perguruan tinggi yang mengalami kesulitan dalam menghadapi era industri 4.0. Hal ini terbukti dalam pelaksanakan pendidikan di era digital dan pandemi. Berdasarkan persoalan tersebut, maka melalui tulisan ini, penulis hendak menjelaskan langkah-langkah penting dalam mengatasi berbagai problem tersebut. Metode yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif, penulis mengkaji trik dan tips dalam meningkatkan mutu pendidikan di era industri 4.0. Proses analisis yang dilakukan oleh penulis adalah menggunakan berbagai sumber pustaka maupun elektronik yang terpercaya untuk mendukung analisis penulis. Hasil penelitian menemukan beberapa indikator penting, yakni tenaga pendidik/dosen bersahabat dengan teknologi, kemampuan dalam literasi dan kemampuan dalam mempublikasikan karya ilmiah serta kreatif dan inovatif. Dengan temuan seperti ini, maka penulis berkeyakinan bahwa tantangan yang dihadapai oleh perguruan tinggi saat ini dapat teratasi dengan baik sesuai dengan sistem yang telah diterapkan di perguruan tinggi.
MAKALAH PERMASALAHAN AKTUAL PENDIDIKAN DAN PENANGGULANGANNYA
Authors: RATNASARI
Published: August 2021

Pendidikan mempunyai tugas menyiapkan sumber daya manusia untuk pembangunan. Derap langkah pembangunan selalu diupayakan seirama dengan tuntutan zaman. Perkembangan zaman selalu memunculkan tantangan-tantangan baru, yang sebagiannya sering tidak dapat diramalkan sebelumnya. Sebagai konsekuensi logis, pendidikan selalu dihadapkan pada masalah-masalah baru. Masalah yang dihadapi dunia pendidikan itu demikian luas, pertama karena sifat sasarannya yaitu manusia sebagai makhluk misteri, kedua karena usaha pendidikan harus mengantisipasi ke hari depan yang tidak segenap seginya terjangkau oleh daya ramal manusia. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya rumusan-rumusan masalah-masalah pokok yang dapat dijadikan pendidik dalam mengemban tugasnya.
How Should We Promote Transient Diversity in Science?
Authors: O'Connor Cailin , Wu Jingyi
Published: August 2021

Diversity of practice is widely recognized as crucial to scientific progress. If all scientists perform the same tests in their research, they might miss important insights that other tests would yield. If all scientists adhere to the same theories, they might fail to explore other options which, in turn, might be superior. But the mechanisms that lead to this sort of diversity can also generate epistemic harms when scientific communities fail to reach swift consensus on successful theories. In this paper, we draw on extant literature using network models to investigate diversity in science. We evaluate different mechanisms from the modeling literature that can promote transient diversity of practice, keeping in mind ethical and practical constraints posed by real epistemic communities. We ask: what are the best ways to promote the right amount of diversity of practice in such communities?
Reliability and Convergence of Approach/Avoidance Bias Assessment Tasks in the Food Consumption Domain
Authors: Basanovic Julian , Dondzilo Laura , Rudaizky Daniel , Van Bockstaele Bram
Published: August 2021

Theories of motivation posit that people will more readily approach positive or appetitive stimuli while they are more likely to avoid negative or aversive stimuli. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the relationship between biases in approach and avoidance behaviours for food cues and food craving and consumption behaviour. Two paradigms commonly employed by research to investigate this relationship are the Approach Avoidance Task (AAT) and the Stimulus Response Compatibility Task (SRCT). However, it is yet to be determined whether the measures yielded by these tasks reflect the same processes operating in the food craving and consumption domain. The purpose of the present study will be to address whether the AAT and SRCT paradigms provide internally reliable and convergent measures in their assessment of approach/avoidance bias to healthy and unhealthy food stimuli, and whether measures of approach/avoidance biases to healthy and unhealthy food yielded by the AAT and SRCT paradigms demonstrate comparable associations with individual differences in food craving and eating behaviour. The study will require participants to complete an SRCT, and two task variants of the AAT, and an estimate of participants’ approach bias towards unhealthy food relative to healthy food will be computed from each. Analyses will determine the internal reliability of each of the approach bias scores, the degree to which the approach bias scores show convergent validity, and the degree to which the approach bias scores from each task are concurrently associated with individual differences in food craving and eating behaviour.
The classical mean negative asynchrony in sensorimotor synchronization is not universal in humans. A cross-cultural study.
Authors: lagarde julien
Published: August 2021

The present study examines to what extent cultural background determines sensorimotor synchronization in humans. The direct comparison of Indian and French students, without particular experience in music or dance, or sport, was motivated by the hypothesis that musical exposure to different musical styles causes a variation in basic synchronization to sound function. At first rate limits of this capacity was sought, using a parametric design increasing the sound periodic frequency up to synchronization breakdown. No robust effect was found in that respect. However, another unpredicted change of the so-called negative mean asynchrony was found. Negative mean asynchrony is defined as the anticipation of movement with respect to sound, of about 40ms. The negative mean asynchrony simply disappears in Indians' participants. This result is very intriguing as negative mean asynchrony was considered ubiquitous for decades, and an invariant hallmark of human timing function. Revision of theoretical modelling of sensorimotor synchronization may be required to account to the found variation.
The Impact of Experienced and Expressed Emotion on Legal Factfinding
Authors: Salerno Jessica
Published: August 2021

Judges and jurors are asked to comb through horrific evidence of accidents and crimes when choosing verdicts and punishment. These factfinders are likely to experience and express intense emotions as a result. A review of social, cognitive, moral, and legal psychological science illuminates how experienced and expressed emotions in legal settings can unconsciously bias even the most well-intentioned, diligent factfinder’s decision-making processes in prejudicial ways. Experiencing negative emotions creates motivation to blame and punish—instigating blame validation processes to justify guilty/liability verdicts and harsher punishments. The review also examines how emotion expression can impugn legal actors’ credibility when it violates factfinders’ (often unrealistic) expectations for appropriate emotion in legal contexts. It considers misguided and promising interventions to help factfinders regulate emotional responses, advocating limiting emotional evidence as much as possible and, when not possible, helping factfinders reframe how they think about it and remain aware of their potential biases.
Infection of gastrointestinal parasites among slaughtered cattle (Bos taurus) in Modern Abattoir, Minna, Niger State
Authors:   Departmentof Biological Sciences, Admiralty University of Nigeria, Ibusa/Ogwashi – Uku, Delta State, Nigeria., Eke S. S. , Kamaldeen I. K. ,   Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria., Omalu I. C. J. ,   Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria., Nwokocha F. A. ,   Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria., Otuu C. A. ,   Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria., Udeh E. O. ,   Centre for Integrated Health Programs, Wuse 2, FCT Abuja, Nigeria., Ocha I. M. ,   Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria., Ismail A. ,   Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria., Ogunniyi M. T. ,   Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria.
Published: August 2021

Livestock and their products are the major source of animal protein. They also play a crucial role in the economy of most nations including Nigeria. In Nigeria, animals are mostly managed by extensive system and this predisposes them to gastrointestinal parasites. This study is aimed at determining the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of cattle slaughtered in Minna Abattoir. A total of two hundred and seventeen (217) faecal samples were collected and analyzed for the presence of gastrointestinal parasites using saturated sodium chloride flotation and sedimentation techniques. An overall prevalence rate of 169 (77.88%) of gastrointestinal parasites were recorded. Among the selected cattle breeds sampled, a prevalence rate of 114 (67.45%) for white Fulani, 30 (17.75%) for Sokoto Gudali and 25 (14.79%) for red Bororo were obtained. Seven (7) gastrointestinal parasites detected were Strongyloides spp, Trichuris spp, Haemonchus spp, Eimeria spp, Taenia spp, Moniezia spp and Fasciola spp. Haemonchus spp had the highest rate of infection 69 (40.82%) followed by Strongyloides spp 22 (13.04%) while the one with the least prevalence was Eimeria spp 12 (7.10%). It was observed that female ruminants were more infected (53.84%) than their male counterpart (46.15%). The older also had higher infection rate (50.29%) than the younger ones (49.72%). There was no significant difference (p>0.05) on the infection rate in relation to gender and age. It is paramount to use appropriate management systems and rational use of drugs to solve this health problem
Coconut water enhances immunity of cockerels before and after vaccination against Newcastle disease virus
Authors:   Department of Animal Health and Production Technology, Oyo State College of Agriculture Technology, Igboora, Oyo State, Nigeria, Bello I. I. , Abdullah A. A. ,   Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Scien, University of Gadarif, Gadarif- Sudan., Adelakun O. D. ,   Department of Animal Health and Production Technology, Oyo State College of Agriculture Technology, Igboora, Oyo State, Nigeria; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, Agbato O. A. ,   Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, Moor Plantation, Ibadan, Okunrinkoya B. A. ,   Department of Animal Health and Production Technology, Federal College of Agricultural Produce Technology, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria
Published: August 2021

Coconut water contains cytokinins and lauric acid which have potentials to enhance immune response. Poor immune response after vaccination is a common problem in poultry industry. Due to this challenge, this experimental study was carried out to evaluate the effects of coconut water on cell mediated and humoral immunity in cockerel chicks. Seventy five day-old cockerel chicks were randomly divided into three groups (A, B and C) and each group contained 25 birds. Group A (control) received ordinary water for 32 days while birds in group B received 100 ml of coconut water/1 L of water for 32 days. Group C received 100 mL of coconut water/1 L of water till day 19 of age and ordinary water from day 20 to day 32 of age. The birds were vaccinated against Newcastle disease (NDV) on day 20. Blood samples were collected on day 19 and 32 to evaluate the leukogram, antibody titer against NDV, total proteins and cytokines. Intestinal samples were also collected for immunoglobulin A analysis following the euthanasia of the birds. Means ± SD of the parameters were calculated and compared for significance differences using one-way ANOVA (p<0.05). A significantly lower total protein and globulin levels were recorded in groups B and C on day 19. Contrarily, there was an increase in total protein and globulin levels in groups B and C, and an increase in monocytes count in group B on day 32. The serum levels of gamma interferon, interleukin 2 and Newcastle disease antibody titre increased significantly in groups B and C on day 32. Immunoglobulin G and A concentrations were not significantly different across the three groups on day 32. These results showed that coconut water supplementation before and after vaccination improved immune response to Newcastle disease vaccine.
Preliminary data on preservation of the cultural layer of the Middle Paleolithic site of Sukhaya Mechetka (excavation 1)
Authors:   Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Larionova Alisa
Published: August 2021

The Sukhaya Mechetka Middle Paleolithic site which was excavated over a wide area (around 650 m2) is one of few Eastern European sites where 3D fixation of every find was done. The study is focused on estimation of cultural layer preservation in the excavation 1. This yielded possibility to define zones of different production activities within homogeneous horizons. The analysis of archaeostratigraphy demonstrated homogeneity of the most parts of cultural horizon. While its thickness usually varies from 5 to 35 cm in few cases it reaches 105 cm. It is suggested that most areas with disturbed cultural horizons are associated with a shift of control point or related near the ravine zone. This article presents preliminary results, research will continue. The archaeostratigraphy analysis for excavation 2, refitting data analysis, field documentation from the personal archive of S.N. Zamyatnin, quantitative and qualitative analysis of the composition of finds within different zones of the site will allow a more detailed understanding the problem posed.
On the application of the averaged correlation matrix in craniometry
Authors:   Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (the Kunstkamera) of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Shirobokov Ivan
Published: August 2021

The article presents an averaged correlation matrix for 20 craniometric features, calculated for 24 male Eurasian samples. In some cases, correlation matrices calculated for different samples vary significantly; however, the fluctuations in the coefficients are usually random. Most correlation coefficients between craniometric traits have low positive values. The Mantel test, often used to compare matrices, produces incorrect results, since it is insensitive to the relationship between the value of the correlation coefficient and its stability: the lower the value of the correlation coefficient, the higher its random variability. At the same time, averaged correlation matrix based on individual data is similar to the averaged correlation matrices based on worldwide data used by Russian anthropologists at present. The usefullness of averaged correlation matrices for intergroup comparisons has been tested. It was also shown that the use of the averaged matrix for calculating the Mahalanobis distances produces results comparable to the calculations based on individual data. The analyzed samples can represent populations both from the local settlements and territorial communities. That was confirmed by the results of a series of tests for the Eastern European cranial samples, which were not used in the calculation of the averaged matrix. In conclusion some biases in the analysis of correlation coefficients caused by false ideas about their properties are considered.
Brine sludge waste from a Chlor-alkali industry: characterization and its application for non-structural and structural construction materials
Authors: Izidoro Juliana De Carvalho , Fungaro Denise Alves , Viviani Luciana Cristina , Silva Rogério Da Costa
Published: August 2021

Brine sludge (BS) is an industrial waste generated in large amounts by the Chlor-alkali industry and, usually disposed into industrial landfills. Because BS contains several chemical compounds, also presents a potential environmental impact. The feasibility of the utilization of brine sludge wastes for the preparation of value-added materials was investigated. The characterization of two brine sludge samples was performed in terms of chemical and physical composition, particle size distribution, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermal analysis (DTA/TG). Elements like Ca, Si, Na, Mg, Al, Cl, and Fe were identified in the samples. The XRD results confirmed the crystalline nature of compounds and indicated that the main compounds in brine sludge samples were calcium carbonate, sodium chloride, magnesium hydroxide, and quartz. FTIR showed the presence of varying functional groups like carbonate, siloxane, and hydroxide. The two brine sludge samples can be considered as a fine powder with the mean diameter (d50) of 4.984 µm and 24.574 µm, for the BS from Santo André and Cubatão, respectively. The results indicated that the brine sludge samples presented favorable characteristics to use limestone ﬁller and binder alternative to Portland cement in the nonstructural construction materials. The incorporation of brine sludge in geopolymeric materials is another possible use in sustainable construction material products. The production of value-added products from brine sludge will be an important contribution towards sustainable development adopted by the Chlor-alkali industry.
Pronóstico de los pacientes hospitalizados por Covid-19 que utilizaban inhibidores de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina o antagonistas del receptor de angiotensina II
Authors: Sprockel Díaz John Jaime , Martínez Luis Oswaldo , Araque Edna Carolina , Diaztagle Juan José , Chaves Walter Gabriel
Published: August 2021

Introducción: existe controversia acerca de la seguridad del uso de inhibidores de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina (iECA) o antagonistas de los receptores de angiotensina II (ARA II) en pacientes con COVID-19, debido a que la ECA-2 sirve de entrada del virus a la célula. Objetivo: evaluar la asociación del antecedente del uso de iECA o ARA II con el ingreso a UCI o la muerte intrahospitalaria. Metodología: cohorte prospectiva multicéntrica que incluyó pacientes adultos hospitalizados por coronavirus COVID-19 en tres hospitales de Bogotá, Colombia, entre abril y noviembre 2020. Se realizó un análisis univariado evaluando la asociación de los iECA y ARA II con el ingreso a UCI o la muerte intrahospitalaria. Resultados: se incluyeron 592 pacientes de los cuales 225 (38.0%) cursaban con hipertensión arterial, 108 (18.2%) diabetes y 50 (8.4%) enfermedad cardiovascular crónica, 160 (27.0%) ingresaron a UCI y 107 (18.1%) fallecieron, 32% tenía el antecedente de uso de iECA o ARA II. En el análisis univariado no se obtuvo ninguna asociación con ingreso a UCI o muerte intrahospitalaria, uso de inhibidores de la ECA OR= 1.017 (IC95% 0.887 - 1.152, p=0.800), OR=1.072 (0.952 - 1.19, p=0.968) respectivamente; uso de ARA II OR= 0.998 (IC95% 0.913-1.086, p=0.968), OR=1.045 (IC95% 0.969 - 1.122, p=0.235), respectivamente.   Conclusiones: el antecedente del uso de los iECA o ARA II no se asoció con el ingreso a UCI o la muerte intrahospitalaria en pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19.
MODERN CONSTRUCTION AND RECONDITIONING OF THE HIGHWAYS IN LVIV DISTRICT AS THE MAIN FACTOR OF TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Lviv National Stepan Gzhytsky University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Perih Tetiana
Published: August 2021

In the process of overcoming the consequences of COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine and in the whole world, we should expect streaming tourists flow retrieval and for some time more prioritised will be domestic tourism. It will greatly contribute acceleration of tourism restorationand improvement of tourist’s condition and concomitant infrastructure, including highways. This article develops researches about influence of transport infrastructure on tourism development in Ukraine. The subject of a research is Lviv district. It is one of the most attractivedistricts in Ukraine. The purpose of research is to analyse modern construction and reconditio-ning of the highways in Lviv district in context of promising development of tourism in the region. The basis of information for article was statistical materials, «Ukravtodor» data and literary sources. Method of literature, statistical and cartographic analysis was used.From the beginning of 2015, it was found that the amount of construction and reconditioning of the highways for period from 2015 to 2020 has been increased, in general, 685 km of highways were repaired. Because of that transport accessibility to some famous tourists places and resorts such as: Zolochyv, Nemyriv, Skole, Slavsk, Truskavets etc. significantly had been increased. Same improvement we may observe for transport joining Lviv district with others districts of Ukraine such as Zakarpattya (Uzgorod, Mukacheve, mountain and plain resorts), Ivano-Frankivsk (Bukovel resort, Ivano-Frankivsk, Rogatyn, Yaremche), Ternopil district (regional centre), also there is improvement of highways conditions near the board of Republic of Poland. The finances for reconstructions emerged after governments experiment in 2015 of financing transport infrastructure from unscheduled customer revenues, state program «The great reconstruction» in 2020 as well as the credit of Republic of Poland for repair if boarder roads. The main task in 2021 is to start construct northern bypass way around Lviv. All those measures must significantly accelerate first of all domestic tourism in Western Ukraine.Keywords: tourism, resorts, highways reconstruction, region, transport infrastructure, financing, accessibility.
Implementation of the meta-subject approach in the process of foreign language training of future teachers at a pedagogical university
Authors:   Pavlodar pedagogical university, Kabbassova A.
Published: August 2021

A future teacher who speaks foreign language is in more demand by school today than ever before. Pedagogical universities change their activities to meet the school educational system’s requirements. The need of English for future teachers is determined by the necessity of subject activity. In the process of teaching the teacher not only stimulates the mastering of the basics of science, but also creates the opportunity to develop learning skills, critically realize their experience of foreign language usage. First and second year students, while learning foreign language, improve their speaking skills, learn to use the best way to build their learning activity. The goal of the next step of professional training is to master teaching methods, which will let the students use their foreign language knowledge. Teaching English on the basis of meta-subject approach principles will allow to solve these problems. The article is devoted to the analysis of solving the problems of foreign language education of future teachers. The author suggests using the meta-subject potential of a foreign language as a general strategy of foreign language education. The experimental pedagogical work carried out at the Pavlodar Pedagogical University allows us to draw a conclusion about the effectiveness of the proposed ideas.
Геймификацияланған бағдарламалық құралдар мен платформаларды талдау
Authors: Токжигитова А.Н.
Published: August 2021

Мақалада оқыту үрдісінде «геймификация» ұғымын нақтылау қажеттілігі жəне осы ұғымның ерекшеліктері мен принциптерін ескере отырып, геймификацияланған бағдарламалық құралдарға талдау жасалған. Оқытуды геймификациялау мүмкіндігі бар бағдарламалық құралдардың барлық түрлері топтарға бөлінеді: ойын платформалары, білім беру квесттері, оқытуды басқару қызметтері жəне ойын құрастырушы сайттар. Əр топ аясында шетелдік жəне отандық білім беру ортасында кең таралған платформалар қарастырылған. Қазіргі білім беру ортасында оқыту сапасын жақсарту үшін цифрлық ойындарды қолдануға деген қызығушылықтың артуы байқалады, бұл мемлекет, қоғам жəне білім беру талаптары аясында оқу үрдісін геймификациялау мүмкіндігі бар бағдарламалық құралдарды талдау бойынша ұсынылған зерттеудің өзектілігін анықтайды. Коронавирустық пандемия кезінде цифрлық құралдарды пайдалану білім алушылардың өміріндегі күнделікті қажеттілік болып табылды. Геймификацияланған бағдарламалық құралдар білім беру мақсаттарына жетуді жеңілдетеді, көрнекіліктің арқасында геймификация жеке білім алушының мүмкіндіктерін, ойлау түрін, логикалық қабілеттерін көрсетеді. Мақалада бірнеше ойын платформалары мен білім беру квесттері талданды, олардың негізінде болашақта оқыту үрдісінде геймификациялау əдістемесі жетілдірілетін болады. Зерттеу əдістемесі психологиялық-педагогикалық, əдістемелік жəне техникалық бағыттағы ақпараттық дереккөздерді зерттеуді, ғылыми қоғамдастық таныған шетелдік жəне отандық авторлардың цифрлық білім беру ойындарын талдауды талап етеді.
Hubungan Motivasi Kerja dan Disiplin Kerja dengan Kinerja Pegawai di Dinas Pendidikan Kabupaten Mojokerto
Authors: Sembodo Sigit Priyo
Published: August 2021

An organization of good governance should have the motivation of employees with high job of work and discipline. If employees work well in accordance with the ability and motivation work influenced by their skills and responsible for his job as a form of discipline work and an organization that will be able to more developed ease the achievement of the purpose of the organization. The purpose of this study are (1) the correlation between work motivation with employee performance, (2) the correlation between work discipline with employee performance, (3) the correlation between work motivation and work discipline with the performance of employees in educational department of mojokerto.A method in this research was used a quantitative approach. The techniques to take data collection here is closed questionnaires and Data processing techniques uses correlation product moment test and multiple correlation with the significant level of 5% to know is there any relationship between the variables or not. The result showed that (1) it is proved that there is correlation between work motivation and performance of employees with a correlation coefficient of 0.792, (2) there is a correlation between the work discipline with employee performance with a correlation coefficient of 0.981, (3) there is a correlation between work motivation and work discipline with the employee's performance with a correlation coefficient of 0.981. Based on the analysis of the data above it can be concluded that there are correlation between work motivation and work discipline with the employees performance in educational department of mojokerto.
Penilaian Pengetahuan Penugasan Dalam Pembelajaran di Sekolah
Authors: Jeprianto Jeprianto , Ubabuddin Ubabuddin , Herwani Herwani
Published: August 2021

Penilaian pengetahuan merupakan penilaian untuk mengukur kemampuan siswa yang meliputi pengetahuan faktual, konseptual, prosedural, dan metakognitif serta kecakapan berpikir tingkat rendah hingga tinggi. Penugasan adalah pemberian tugas kepada siswa untuk mengukur atau memfasilitasi siswa memperoleh atau meningkatkan pengetahuan. Penugasan yang berfungsi untuk penilaian dilakukan setelah proses pembelajaran Sedangkan penugasan sebagai metode penugasan bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan yang diberikan sebelum atau selama proses pembelajaran (assessment for learning). Tugas dapat dikerjakan baik secara individu maupun kelompok sesuai karakteristik tugas yang diberikan, yang dilakukan di sekolah, di rumah, dan di luar sekolah. Pada prinsipnya, penilaian melalui pendekatan penugasan adalah menilai hasil (produk) dari penugasan tersebut ada beberapa faktor yang harus diperhatikan dalam penilaian pengetahuan penugasan: 1) perencanaan penugasan, 2) pelaksanaan penugasan, 3) acuan kualitas tugas, 4) instrumen, dan 5) hasil penilain penugasan.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Multimedia Menggunakan Macromedia Flash dalam Fiqih Islam Materi Pokok Sholat dan Zakat
Authors: Alim Said Nur
Published: August 2021

The development of science and technology increasingly encourages reform efforts in the use of technological results in the learning process. Teachers are required to be able to use these tools in accordance with the developments and demands of the times. And it is a must for teachers to be able to master technology in order to achieve the expected learning objectives, the problems in this study are: (1) how to develop multimedia-based learning media using Macromedia Flash in Fiqh learning the subject matter of Prayer and Zakat? (2) how is the effectiveness of multimedia-based learning media using Macromedia Flash in Fiqh learning the subject matter of Prayer and Zakat? The development was carried out using the Research and Development (R&D) method with several stages, namely: analyzing potential and papers, gathering information, product design, design validation, design revision, product testing, product revision, product usage trials. The results of the design validation stages, product trials and usage trials are used to improve the developed products for maximum results. Based on the trials that have been carried out, the results are as follows: a) pre-test and post-test with an initial average of 54.57 and an increase after learning with a final score of 86.85, thus the post-test average of 32.28 can be categorized in good criteria. b) Based on the practical analysis conducted in the field, some teachers and students gave a positive response to the developed product. The effectiveness of learning using Macromedia Flash, The increase in the average value of pre-test and post-test that has been carried out by respondents from one lesson, there is an increase of 32,285714286 from 54,571428571 to 86.857142857, There is a positive response of students to the development of media using Macromedia flash i.e. 79% of students categorize very well, 13% of students categorize good and 8% of students categorize enough.
The most important animal pest is the possibility of transmitting or reservoirs the Corona virus
Authors: Desoky Abd El-Aleem
Published: August 2021

Although the bat has unique characteristics compared to other mammals, but it currently enjoys a poor reputation, especially after being linked to being the source of the Corona virus, as international researchers recently published a large-scale research, which is the largest of its kind, about corona viruses in the bat, If this hypothesis is correct, then the Corona virus will be added to other dangerous viruses carried by the bat bird. The bird had caused, years ago, the spread of viruses such as “SARS” and “MERS”, because the bat can carry different viruses without getting sick. The bat is a "reservoir for viruses" that have caused a number of diseases and epidemics in Africa, Malaysia, Bangladesh and Australia. It is not limited to the mentioned viruses, as the bat carries an "Ebola" infection, and the "rabies" virus also carries. Other mammals. It is possible that other animal pests such as rodents may be related to reservoiror transmitting the Corona virus.
Why to ignore alternative therapies in human population?
Authors: Murad Shah
Published: August 2021

After having a meal, cholesterol is digested and absorbed in small intestine then the metabolism and storage occurred in the liver. The cholesterol may be secreted by the liver whenever the requirement of cholesterol is needed by the body. Cholesterol is not present in the food which is derived from the plants. We in this study have compared hypolipidemic effects of Fenugreek, Curcuma longa, and Lemon. Study was conducted at Jinnah Hospital Lahore-Pakistan from January 2016 to May 2016. Ninety hyperlipidemic patients of age group 19 to 70 were included in the study. Exclusion criteria were diabetic, alcoholic additives, hypertensive patients and those whose kidney or liver functions were impaired. Consent was taken from all participants. Their base line lipid profile was taken in biochemistry laboratory of the hospital. They were divided in three groups i.e. 30 patients in each group. Group-I was advised to take 500 mg of Curcuma longa (haldi) mixed in fresh milk without cream, thrice daily for two months. Group-II patients were advised to take 100 grams of Fenugreek leaves mixed with salad in each meal (thrice daily) for the period of two months. Group-III patients were advised to take 40 ml of fresh lemon juice mixed with 40 ml mineral water thrice daily for two months. They all were advised not to take heavy meal rich with any type of fat like junk food etc. One hour daily brisk walk was advised to all participants. 15 days follow up visit was scheduled for them. After two months their lipid profile was re-determined. When results were compiled and statistically analyzed by applying paired ‘t’ test, it revealed that Curcuma longa decreased total cholesterol, TG, LDL cholesterol 16.10, 20.01, and 17.59 mg/dl respectively. Fenugreek decreased total cholesterol, TGs, and LDL cholesterol 14.70, 17.33, and 17.06 mg/dl respectively. Lemon in two months therapy decreased total cholesterol, TGs, and LDL cholesterol 15.45, 10.13, and 11.97 mg/dl respectively. None of the above mentioned herbs raised HDL cholesterol significantly. It was concluded from this research work that Curcuma longa, Fenugreek leaves and Lemon are mild to moderately effective hypolipidemic herbs to lower total plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL cholesterol but have no potential to raise HDL cholesterol when analyzed.
A new species of grassflies of the genus Lasiosina Becker from Turkey (Diptera: Chloropidae)
Authors: Nartshuk E.P.
Published: August 2021

Lasiosina devitata sp. n. is described from Turkey. Specimens were reared from stem of Lepidium latifolium (Brassicaceae). This is the first record of the feeding of Lasiosina larvae on dicotyledon plant. Some characters are added to the description of species of the L. nigriantennata group based on examination of type specimens.
COVID-19’a Yakalanma Kaygısı İle Fiziksel Aktiviteye Katılım Motivasyonu Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi
Authors: YAVUZ Gönül , KUTLU Zeynep , PİŞKİN Necdet Eray , İBİŞ Serkan , AKA Hasan , AKTUĞ Zait Burak
Published: August 2021

Tüm dünyayı kısa sürede etkisi altına alan COVID-19 salgını insanların yaşam tarzlarında birçok değişikliğe neden olmuştur. Bu süreçte immün sistemin geliştirilmesi ve psikolojik iyi oluşun sağlanmasında fiziksel aktivitenin büyük bir önemi olmasına karşın, fiziksel aktiviteye katılım esnasında bu hastalığa yakalanma kaygısı insanları tedirgin etmiştir. Bu düşünce ile yapılan çalışmada COVID-19’a yakalanma kaygısı ile fiziksel aktiviteye katılım motivasyonları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmaya farklı branşlardan 250 sporcu (kadın = 142, erkek = 108) gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Katılımcılara ‘’sporcuların yeni tip koronavirüse (COVID-19) yakalanma kaygısı ölçeği’’ ile, ‘’fiziksel aktiviteye katılım motivasyon ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Fiziksel aktiviteye katılım motivasyon kategorilendirilmesine göre katılımcıların COVID-19’a yakalanma kaygıları arasındaki farkı belirlemede One-Way Anova testi, bu ölçekler arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemede Pearson Korelasyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, fiziksel aktiviteye katılım motivasyonu arttıkça, COVID-19’a yakalanma kaygısının da arttığı belirlenmiştir.
Civil Military Cooperation (CIMIC) in Cyber Security Domain: Analyzing Pakistan's Prospects
Authors: Anwar Syeda Sundus , Yamin Tughral
Published: August 2021

A clear lack of Civil-Military Cooperation is evident in the field of national cybersecurity policy. For a country such as Pakistan with fractious political, cultural, and diverse ethnic identities and ideological characteristics, an unguarded cyber domain can add to the existing rifts. In light of these challenges, Pakistan needs to create a national cybersecurity policy and strategy incorporating both civil and military concerns. The aim of this research paper is to find out a conceptual framework of Civil-Military Cooperation (CIMIC) in the realm of cybersecurity. This study has used open-ended semistructured interviews to find out the way forward and the hindrances in civil-military cooperation to create a robust national cybersecurity regime. For an effective national cybersecurity policy, synergy has to be created between the civil and military sectors. The military should not only have the necessary cybersecurity expertise, but it should also organize cyber-drills incorporating all stakeholders.
Legal relations peculiarities as a subject of legal regulation in the complex law branch
Authors: Dobroboh Lyudmyla
Published: August 2021

The article deals with theoretical study of the selection of specific features of legal relations of complex lawbranches on the example of environmental law. Today, the subject of legal regulation in this area is public relations for environmental protection and rational use of natural resources in order to ensure the quality of the environment in the interests of present and future generations.
Informatics Engineering Students’ Competence in English: Formative and Summative Assessment
Authors: Idayani Andi
Published: August 2021

Assessment is the ways of teachers/lecturers gather data about their teaching and their students’ learning. In order to grapple with what seems to be an over use of testing, educators should frame their view of testing as assessment and that assessment is information. In relation to this, the researcher interested in conducting a study which is focus on assessing Informatics Engineering students’ competence in English. The researcher used descriptive research. The population of the reaserch was the informatics Engineering students which total students was 160 students at the second semester. Purposive sampling used in this study in order to focus the finding which the number of sample was 40 students. This study used formative and summative assessment in assessing students’ comptence in English. Following that, the data was collected during teaching and learning process in form of observation, documentation, and test. After that, the data was analyzed by using statistical in term of norm-references and criterion-references. Based on the result of this study, it could be concluded that the formative assessment format mostly designed in speaking and listening test format and summative assessment was applied all in English skills format since the lecturer consider that it is beneficial for students to master the particular skills as the requirements for applying into their careers.
Occupational injuries and patient lift usage among physical rehabilitation therapists
Authors: McCrory Bernadette , Ma Jiahui , Irons Sonya L. , Burnfield Judith M.
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND: Physical therapists (PTs) and physical therapist assistants (PTAs) are at high risk for work-related musculoskeletal pain and discomfort. OBJECTIVE: Determine the prevalence and exposure risk factors for work-related injuries (WRIs) among rehabilitation PTs and PTAs. METHODS: A cross-sectional research survey was conducted among 170 PTs and 67 PTAs at 51 free-standing rehabilitation hospitals and rehabilitation units embedded in general hospitals in the Midwestern states of Iowa, Kansas, Missouri and Nebraska. The prevalence of WRIs and significant risk factors for developing WRIs were determined for PTs and PTAs. RESULTS: The 1-year prevalence of WRIs among PTs and PTAs working in physical rehabilitation was 29.5%. Multifaceted causes were identified including frequently bending/twisting, over-exerting force during patient handling activities, inadequate lifting devices, and lack of ongoing training for mechanical lifting device usage. CONCLUSIONS: Equipment usage barriers point to a critical need for technology creation, research, and education to advance worker safety while simultaneously enhancing patient outcomes.