bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Al Borde: inserção na realidade como lugar de aprendizagem
Authors: Gangotena Pascual , Barragán David , Borja Marialuisa , Benavides Esteban
Published: October 2022

Este ensaio apresenta uma coleção de cinco ações projetuais realizadas de maneira colaborativa pelo coletivo de arquitetos equatorianos Al Borde. Este coletivo busca estreitar a distância entre o ensino acadêmico e a prática construtiva, além de aproveitar ao máximo as condições locais como parte relevante do projeto a ser realizado. Essa postura tem como intuito empoderar pessoas e criar um ambiente real de ensino acadêmico, fugindo da prática simulada ainda comum ao meio universitário. O coletivo Al Borde acredita em ações socialmente engajadas, cujo resultado se expressa na forma de empoderamento e produz uma estética que nasce do território trabalhado conjuntamente.
Experiências itinerantes da primeira turma da Universidade Federal do Paraná (1975-1978)
Authors: Oliveira Alexandre Antonio , Corrêa Ronaldo De Oliveira
Published: October 2022

Este artigo tem por objetivo evidenciar as sociabilidades e circulações de discentes da primeira turma de Desenho Industrial e Comunicação Visual da Universidade Federal do Paraná, entre 1975 e 1978, sobre suas experiências formativas na cidade de Curitiba para uma reconstrução de circuitos e práticas de espaços na constituição de sujeitos a partir da história oral. Este trabalho faz parte da pesquisa de maiorabrangência, em andamento, sobre as memórias, experiências, sociabilidades e trajetórias de discentes da primeira turma (1975 a 1978) de comunicação visual e desenho industrial da Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR). Entendemos na pesquisa que a constituição dos sujeitos é um tema que abrange diversas áreas de investigação, que inclui os processos sociais de troca de valores e significados pautados pelas sociabilidades, trajetórias, práticas e saberes.
Projeto “Obesidade Infantil”: um problema muito além da balança
Authors: Cruz Pereira Raquel Leal Cunha , Amancio de Sousa Patrick Rafael , Guedes Durães Christine , Meirelles Mendonça do Amaral Vitória , Necyk Barbara , Antonio de Saboya Luiz
Published: October 2022

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de um projeto de design realizado em grupo para uma disciplina da graduação do 6º período do curso  da ESDI/UERJ, durante a pandemia de Covid-19. A pesquisa baseou-se nas informações da dissertação de Cruz (2016), “Obesidade infantil: o contexto social em interface com a produção científica brasileira”. A principal informação deste trabalho que deu procedimento ao projeto, foi a importância da alimentação balanceada e nutritiva para as crianças. Logo, o objetivo do projeto foi divulgar a pesquisa científica com uma linguagem acessível para o público de faixa etária entre 6 a 10 anos. O trabalho baseia-se em uma exposição hipotética para o Museu da Vida, instituição pertencente à Fiocruz, no Rio de Janeiro. Elaborado com o esforço colaborativo entre os estudantes, demonstrou o potencial do design em apontar caminhos possíveis para uma divulgação científica inclusiva e compreensível às menores faixas etárias em resposta a cenários complexos.
AUXÍLIO EMERGENCIAL NA JUSTIÇA FEDERAL DO CEARÁ: O TRÂMITE DAS AÇÕES JUDICIAIS PARA ACESSO AO BENEFÍCIO SOCIAL ATENDE AO PRINCÍPIO DA CELERIDADE PROCESSUAL?
Authors: De Andrade Mariana Dionísio , Santos Rayssa Cristina Santiago dos
Published: October 2022

O estudo responde ao seguinte problema de pesquisa: o tempo médio das decisões concessivas do Auxílio Emergencial nas ações da Justiça Federal do Ceará atende ao princípio da celeridade processual? A abordagem metodológica é quali-quanti e o estudo é descritivo-exploratório, com base em revisão de literatura e dados secundários disponibilizados pela Justiça Federal do Ceará. Conclui-se que o período transcorrido entre a distribuição e o cumprimento da decisão que concede acesso ao benefício social é de 47 dias, portanto, superior ao tempo médio indicado como ideal para atender a celeridade processual.
INCONVENCIONALIDADE DAS INVESTIGAÇÕES MILITARES NÃO CASTRENSES E A SUA AFERIÇÃO PELA POLÍCIA CIVIL
Authors: Moura Jorge Derick , Konno Junior Janio , Salomão Cambi Eduardo Augusto
Published: October 2022

O presente estudo visa analisar a convencionalidade das investigações relativas às infrações penais não castrenses realizadas pela Polícia Militar, em face a jurisprudência da CIDH. Assim, a partir do método dedutivo, lastreado na pesquisa bibliográfica, parte-se da análise acerca do controle de convencionalidade em si, para após se estabelecer quais são as atribuições destinadas à Polícia Civil e à Polícia Militar, assim como verificar se a primeira poderá realizar a aferição de convencionalidade. Ao final, com base na Convenção Americana de Direitos Humanos, defende-se a inconvencionalidade das investigações militares que não possuam como foco a apuração de infrações penais militares.
A EXCEÇÃO DE PRÉ-EXECUTIVIDADE EM SEDE DE EXECUÇÃO FISCAL A PARTIR DE UMA RELEITURA DA SÚMULA 393 DO STJ: uma reflexão sobre os limites cognitivos e a dilação probatória
Authors: Minami Marcos Youji , Peixoto Ravi
Published: October 2022

Este estudo faz uma crítica à redação do enunciado de súmula nº 393, do Superior Tribunal de Justiça. Eis a metodologia empregada: todos os precedentes que geraram o enunciado 393 foram analisados para se verificar se o texto da súmula é compatível com tais julgados. Além disso, artigos doutrinários e escritos sobre o art. 803, do CPC, foram consultados. Concluiu-se que a redação do enunciado 393 deve ser revista, pois é possível exceção de pré-executividade para qualquer matéria, desde que não haja necessidade de dilação probatória e, mesmo nesse aspecto, já se admitiu complementação probatória em sede de defesa atípica.
SISTEMA BRASILEIRO DE PRECEDENTES: PRINCIPAIS CARACTERÍSTICAS E DESAFIOS
Authors: Fux Luiz , Mendes Aluisio Gonçalves de Castro , Fux Rodrigo
Published: October 2022

Tendo em vista as relevantes modificações do sistema processual brasileiro, o presente trabalho procura indicar, de modo objetivo, algumas notas que devem ser ressaltadas sobre o “sistema brasileiro de precedentes” em uma comparação com o funcionamento do tradicional stare decisis de outros países oriundos da família de common law, e também da evolução da importância dos precedentes e da jurisprudência em outras nações com origem no sistema de civil law, ou romano-germânica. Após 6 (seis) anos da vigência do Código de Processo Civil de 2015, conquanto a experiência prática nos leva a festejá-lo, ainda é um trabalho em construção que precisa ser aprimorado e vem sendo desenvolvido pela doutrina e pelos tribunais brasileiros, sendo destacáveis as importantes contribuições do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF), do Superior Tribunal de Justiça (STJ) e do Conselho Nacional de Justiça (CNJ). A análise contará com a revisão da bibliografia relevante, bem como das decisões judiciais e normas aplicáveis.
Violência letal ocorrida no domicílio: análise segundo grupo etário, sexo e meio de perpetração [Lethal violence in the home: analysis by age group, sex and means used] [Violencia letal ocurrida en el hogar: análisis por grupo de edad, sexo y medios de perpetración]
Authors: Silva Vinicius Augusto Morais da , Fernandes Flávia Emília Cavalcante Valença , Melo Rosana Alves de
Published: October 2022

Objetivo: analisar os óbitos por agressões ocorridos no domicílio segundo o grupo etário, sexo e meio de perpetração da violência. Métodos: estudo transversal, com população foi composta pelos óbitos por agressão no domicílio. Foram incluídos os óbitos por agressões, cujo o local da ocorrência foi o domicílio no ano de 2018 em Pernambuco em ambos os sexos e em todas as faixas etárias. O período de coleta foi realizado entre outubro e novembro de 2022. Foi aplicada a análise não paramétrica por meio dos testes Mann Whitney e Kruskal Wallis. Resultados: evidenciou-se que os homens tiveram maior taxa mediana (0,28/100.000; p-valor = 0,001), sendo os objetos cortantes o principal meio utilizado para realizar o homicídio (0,39/100.000; p-valor = 0,006). Conclusão: deve-se haver um maior financiamento por parte do Estado e dos Municípios, além da formulação de políticas públicas de enfrentamento que promovam sociedades pacíficas.Objective: to examine deaths from aggression in the home, by age group, sex, and means of violence used. Methods: the population of this cross-sectional study comprised deaths by aggression at home, in 2018, in Pernambuco, in both sexes and in all age groups. Data were collected from October to November 2022 and subjected to nonparametric analysis using the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results: men returned a higher median rate (0.28/100,000; p-value = 0.001), and sharp objects were the main means used to carry out the homicide (0.39/100,000; p-value = 0.006). Conclusion: there should be more state and municipal funding and policymaking to promote peaceful societies.Objetivo: analizar las muertes por agresión ocurridas en el hogar según el grupo de edad, el género y el medio de perpetración de la violencia. Métodos: Estudio transversal junto a población compuesta por muertes por agresión en el propio hogar. Se incluyeron las muertes por agresiones, cuyo lugar de ocurrencia fue el hogar, en 2018, en Pernambuco, en ambos sexos y en todos los grupos de edad. El periodo de recolección se llevó a cabo entre octubre y noviembre de 2022. Se aplicó un análisis no paramétrico mediante las pruebas de Mann Whitney y Kruskal Wallis. Resultados: Se puso de manifiesto que los hombres tenían una tasa media más alta (0,28/100.000; valor p = 0,001), siendo los objetos punzantes el principal medio utilizado para matar (0,39/100.000; valor p = 0,006). Conclusión: Debe haber una mayor financiación por parte del Estado y los municipios, además de una formulación de políticas públicas que promuevan sociedades pacíficas.
Ingrained interests and path-dependency
Authors: Yang Guang , Yang Lixin
Published: October 2022

This study is a sociological exploration of changes and interrelationships between production systems, management systems and employment relations through a case study of a Chinese state-owned enterprise (SOE) which has undergone substantial restructuring and reforms in an agriculture-dominated region that has witnessed rapid industrialisation. It draws on data collected through qualitative interviews, focus group discussions and workplace observation and participation. The findings suggest that while market, efficiency and performance have become the dominant discourse in China’s SOEs, various organisational actors have reconstructed their identities, engaged in constant negotiations and continued formal and informal rules that supported their interests.
Gender inequality in the labour market of Ukraine
Authors: Klemparskyi Mykola M. , Pavlichenko Helena V. , Prokopiev Roman Ye. , Mohilevskyi Leonid V. , Burniagina Yuliia M.
Published: October 2022

Gender inequality is one of the fundamental manifestations of socio-economic differentiation of the population, leading to different opportunities for self-realisation for women and men in society. This makes it an important topic for analysis even though there may be different views on the matter. The labour market conditions that existed in Ukraine until the end of February 2022 exacerbated the problems of gender inequality in employment. These problems were manifested in unequal opportunities for women and men in public administration, education, employment, income and property. The research uses general and specific scientific methods – dialectical, historical, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction – to study the legislative frameworks governing gender equality in the European Union (EU) and Ukraine in determining the current state of women’s employment in Ukraine and Europe. In this context, the purpose of this article is to identify the features of gender inequality in the labour market of modern Ukraine, as well as to identify its causes and solutions.
Effect of specific surface on the activities of binary Zr-Zn-O catalysts in the reaction of ethanol conversion
Authors: Taghi Tahmina , Baghiyev Vagif
Published: October 2022

The activities of binary zirconium-zinc oxide catalysts in the reaction of ethanol conversion to acetone were studied. It has been established that with an increase in the reaction temperature, the yields of acetone, carbon dioxide, and acetaldehyde pass through a maximum. In contrast, the yield of ethylene increases over the entire temperature range studied. It was found that the dependences of the acetone yield and the ethanol conversion on the atomic ratio of zirconium to zinc have the form of a curve with two maxima. A maximal yield of acetone 58.2% was observed over catalyst Zr-Zn=8-2 at a temperature of 500°C. The specific surfaces of zirconium-zinc oxide catalysts have been studied. It has been established that the specific surface area of zirconium-zinc oxide catalysts varies in the ra.8 m2/g. The effect of the surface on the yields of ethanol conversion products has been studied. It has been shown that with an increase in the specific surface area of zirconium-zinc oxide catalysts, the yield of acetone passes through a maximum. In contrast, the yields of acetaldehyde, carbon dioxide, and ethylene practically do not change.
Optical fiber humidity sensor based on a hollow core fiber filled with BPQDs-PVA
Authors: Shao Min , Liu Bingkun , Wang Yanmei , Liu Yinggang , Qiao Xueguang
Published: October 2022

An optical fiber Fabry–Perot (FP) interferometric humidity sensor based on black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is proposed for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, and experimentally verified. The sensor is constructed by splicing a brief hollow core fiber (HCF) with a single-mode fiber (SMF) and filling the BPQDs-PVA compound into the HCF. When the proposed humidity sensor is placed in a humidity environment, BPQDs-PVA adsorbs water molecules in the air with increasing humidity, which changes the length of the FP cavity, as well as the refractive index of BPQDs-PVA, resulting in a spectral blueshift. The influence of the mixing ratio on humidity response properties has been experimentally investigated. A linear enhanced sensitivity of

−

0.7525

n
m

/

%

R
H

within the humidity range of 45-75 %RH has been achieved. The maximum instability is 0.07 %RH in a long-term stability test, whereas the response and recovery times are 1.44 and 1.48 s, respectively.
Flexible and simple telecentric camera calibration method
Authors: Duan Yu , Hu Pengyu , Deng Huiwen , Li Chuanxiang , Qu Xing , Zhang Guofeng , Yang Shuming
Published: October 2022

The measurement accuracy of telecentric imaging technique straightforwardly depends on the calibration of the telecentric camera. We present a flexible and simple calibration method based on a telecentric imaging model and orthogonality of rotation matrix. First, we use the orthogonality of rotation matrix to solve the magnification. Second, the external parameters are solved by the imaging model, and the ambiguity of sign is solved. Finally, we use the LM nonlinear optimization method to solve the distortion parameters. Experimental results show that the reprojection error is 0.7 pixels, which represents the actual dimension of 6.37 µm. In addition, the standard measuring block and real objects are measured, and the results verify the measurement accuracy and robustness of the proposed method.
Holistic and efficient calibration method for Mueller matrix imaging polarimeter with a high numerical aperture
Authors: Li Yuanhe , Li Yanqiu , Zhou Guodong , Yan Xu , Ning Tianlei , Liu Ke , Liu Lihui , Liu Aijun , Ma Ziyu
Published: October 2022

High-numerical aperture (

N
A

>

0.6

) Mueller matrix
imaging polarimeter (MMIP)
(high-NA MMIP) is urgently needed for higher resolution. Usually, the
working distance of high-NA MMIP is too short to perform in situ calibration by a usual reference sample,
such as polarizer and retarder plates. The polarization effects of the
substrate that attach the sample are never calibrated. So, the
resolution and accuracy of the MMIP is hard to further promote. In
this paper, a holistic and efficient calibration method is innovated
for high-NA MMIP. Two film polarizers and a film retarder as well as a
blank substrate are first adopted as the reference samples in
calibration. Different from the conventional eigenvalue calibration
method (ECM), the holistic calibration theory and process are
established. All polarimetric errors arising from the devices,
subsystems, and the substrate can be calibrated in one process. The
normalized measurement error is less than 0.0024 for NA 0.95 MMIP,
which is an order of magnitude lower than those of NA 0.1 and 0.2
MMIPs in publications. The excellent performance of calibrated high-NA
MMIP is demonstrated by tissue polarimetry with higher resolution,
accuracy, and more appropriate dynamic range.
Reconstruction of optical parameter fields in graded refractive index media based on laser beam deflection and attenuation measurement
Authors: Wei Linyang , Li Guojun , Guo Xin , Sun Shuangcheng
Published: October 2022

Graded refractive index media (GRIM) are widely applied as special functional materials in many practical engineering fields. Accurate knowledge of the optical parameters is key to using GRIM. In this study, simultaneous reconstruction of the refractive index and absorption coefficient fields of GRIM based on laser beam deflection and attenuation measurement is studied. A set of rays from the given positions along the given directions transits GRIM, and the deflection and attenuation of rays at the exit boundary are recorded as measurement information. A two-step reconstruction strategy is proposed to reconstruct the refractive index and absorption coefficient fields. First, the refractive index field is reconstructed from the ray deflection measurement information. Then, the ray trajectory can be obtained by the Runge–Kutta ray tracing technique based on the reconstructed refractive index field. Afterwards, the absorption coefficient field is reconstructed from the ray attenuation measurement according to the Bouguer law. The regularization technique based on the generalized Gaussian Markov random field model is employed to improve the reconstruction results. All test results show that the two-step reconstruction strategy is accurate and can be regarded as a promising reconstruction technique.
Statistical parameters of femtosecond laser pulse post-filament propagation on a 65  m air path with localized optical turbulence
Authors: Apeksimov Dmitry V. , Bulygin Andrey V. , Geints Yury E. , Kabanov Andrey M. , Khoroshaeva Elena E. , Petrov Aleksey V. , Oshlakov Victor K.
Published: October 2022

High-power femtosecond laser radiation propagates nonlinearly in air, exhibiting pulse self-focusing and strong multiphoton medium ionization, which leads to the spatial fragmentation of laser pulses into highly localized light channels commonly called filaments. Filaments are characterized by high optical intensity and reduced (even zero) angular spreading and can contain laser plasma or be plasmaless (postfilaments). The presence of optical turbulence on the propagation path dramatically changes pulse filamentation dynamics and in some cases causes pulse fragmentation enhancement and collapse arrest. For the first time, to the best of our knowledge, we experimentally and theoretically investigate the transverse profile of Ti:sapphire femtosecond laser radiation nonlinearly propagating a 65 m air path to the region of postfilament evolution after passing through an artificial localized air turbulence. We show that when a turbulence layer is placed before the filamentation region, the average number of high-intensity local fluence maxima (“hot points”) in the beam profile and their sizes grow as the turbulence strength increases, and then saturates at some levels. On the contrary, the deposition of a turbulence screen within the filamentation region has almost no effect on either the number or the average diameter of postfilaments.
Highly sensitive curvature fiber sensor based on an enhanced core diameter mismatch
Authors: Ma Yiwei , Zhao Min , Geng Tao , Yuan Libo
Published: October 2022

In this study, a curvature fiber sensor based on an enhanced core diameter mismatch is experimentally proposed and theoretically investigated. The structure is fabricated by splicing two types of step multimode and coreless fibers to excite the high-order cladding modes to improve the curvature sensitivity. Experimental results show that the highest curvature sensitivities of the structure reach -114.74 nm/m-1 in the Dip 1272 nm, -91.08 nm/m-1 in Dip 1408 nm, and -61.10 nm/m-1 in Dip 1644 nm in the measuring range of 0-0.49778 m-1. Meanwhile, the sensor’s temperature and strain responses were also tested, which shows little influence on the curvature measurement. Additionally, the proposed fiber sensor exhibits features of easy fabrication, simple structure, and high mechanical strength. This study proposes a device for curvature measurement with potential use in material mechanics and optical fiber sensor design.
High-precision magnetorheological finishing based on robot by measuring and compensating trajectory error
Authors: Cheng Runmu , Li Longxiang , Li Xingchang , Yang Bai , Luo Xiao , Xue Donglin , Zhang Xuejun
Published: October 2022

The 6-DOF industrial robot has wide application prospects in the field of optical manufacturing because of its high degrees of freedom, low cost, and high space utilisation. However, the low trajectory accuracy of robots will affect the manufacturing accuracy of optical components when the robots and magnetorheological finishing (MRF) are combined. In this study, aiming at the problem of the diversity of trajectory error sources of robot-MRF, a continuous high-precision spatial dynamic trajectory error measurement system was established to measure the trajectory error accurately, and a step-by-step and multistage iterations trajectory error compensation method based on spatial similarity was established to obtain a high-precision trajectory. The experimental results show that compared with the common model calibration method and general non-model calibration method, this trajectory error compensation method can achieve accurate compensation of the trajectory error of the robot-MRF, and the trajectory accuracy of the Z-axis is improved from PV > 0.2 mm to PV < 0.1 mm. Furthermore, the finishing accuracy of the plane mirror from 0.066λ to 0.016λ RMS and the finishing accuracy of the spherical mirror from 0.184λ RMS to 0.013λ RMS using the compensated robot-MRF prove that the robot-MRF has the ability of high-precision polishing. This promotes the application of industrial robots in the field of optical manufacturing and lays the foundation for intelligent optical manufacturing.
Two-dimensional vector bending sensor based on a hole-assisted three-core fiber coupler
Authors: Yang Jing , Zou Feng , Guan Chunying , Ye Peng , Gao Shan , Zhu Zheng , Li Ping , Shi Jinhui , Yang Jun , Yuan Libo
Published: October 2022

We demonstrate a two-dimensional vector bending sensor based on a hole-assisted three-core fiber (HATCF) coupler. The sensor is built by splicing a section of HATCF between two single-mode fibers (SMFs). The resonance couplings between the center core and the two suspended cores of the HATCF occur at different wavelengths. Two completely discrete resonance dips are observed. The bending response of the proposed sensor is investigated over a 360° range. The bending curvature and direction can be identified by interrogating the wavelengths of the two resonance dips, and a maximum curvature sensitivity of −50.62 nm/m−1 is achieved at 0° direction. Moreover temperature sensitivity of the sensor is less than −34.9 pm/°C.
Quantum-enhanced stimulated Raman scattering microscopy in a high-power regime
Authors: Xu Zicong , Oguchi Kenichi , Taguchi Yoshitaka , Takahashi Shun , Sano Yuki , Mizuguchi Takaha , Katoh Kazuhiro , Ozeki Yasuyuki
Published: October 2022

Quantum-enhanced stimulated Raman scattering (QESRS) microscopy is expected to realize molecular vibrational imaging with sub-shot-noise sensitivity, so that weak signals buried in the laser shot noise can be uncovered. Nevertheless, the sensitivity of previous QESRS did not exceed that of state-of-the-art stimulated Raman scattering (SOA-SRS) microscopes mainly because of the low optical power (3 mW) of amplitude squeezed light [Nature 594, 201 (2021)10.1038/s41586-021-03528-w]. Here, we present QESRS based on quantum-enhanced balanced detection (QE-BD). This method allows us to operate QESRS in a high-power regime (>30 mW) that is comparable to SOA-SRS microscopes, at the expense of 3 dB sensitivity drawback due to balanced detection. We demonstrate QESRS imaging with 2.89 dB noise reduction compared with classical balanced detection scheme. The present demonstration confirms that QESRS with QE-BD can work in the high-power regime, and paves the way for breaking the sensitivity of SOA-SRS microscopes.
Research and Industry News
Authors: Cartlidge Edwin , Daukantas Patricia , Kim Meeri , Michaud Sarah , Kwon Karen , Lanford Hannah , Wills Stewart , Kirkland Alessia
Published: October 2022

Associative learning / Birefringent art / Ultrathin probe /
Nanomotors / Two-qubit gate / Lasers and the eye / Better lidar / Lumentum
/ Fraunhofer / Silicon photonics / Steadier satellites
The Quest for Noninvasive Glucose Monitoring
Authors: Kim Meeri
Published: October 2022

Countless research groups have tried to invent a noninvasive
glucose sensor and ultimately failed. Can a new generation of optics
technologies provide a path to success?
Are synchronous chats a silver lining of emergency remote instruction? Text-based chatting is disproportionately favored by women in a non-majors introductory biology course
Authors: Robnett Rachael D. , Ballen Cissy J. , Fagbodun Sheritta , Lane Kelly , McCoy Sophie J. , Robinson Lecia , Weems Ebony I. , Cotner Sehoya
Published: October 2022

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a reimagining of many aspects of higher education, including how instructors interact with their students and how they encourage student participation. Text-based chatting during synchronous remote instruction is a simple form of student-student and student-instructor interaction. The importance of student participation has been documented, as have clear disparities in participation between those well-represented and those under-represented in science disciplines. Thus, we conducted an investigation into who is texting, what students are texting, and how these texts align with course content. We focused on two sections of a large-enrollment, introductory biology class offered remotely during Fall 2020. Using an analysis of in-class chatting, in combination with student survey responses, we find that text-based chatting suggests not only a high level of student engagement, but a type of participation that is disproportionately favored by women. Given the multiple lines of evidence indicating that women typically under-participate in their science courses, any vehicle that counters this trend merits further exploration. We conclude with suggestions for further research, and ideas for carrying forward text-based chatting in the post-COVID-19, in-person classroom.
Experiences and attitudes related to newborn feeding in central Uganda: A qualitative study
Authors: Sewannonda Andrew , Medel-Herrero Alvaro , Nankabirwa Victoria , Flaherman Valerie J.
Published: October 2022

Objective

Adequate infant nutrition is a critical cornerstone of population health, yet adherence to recommended breastfeeding practices is low in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, including Uganda. This study aims to describe local attitudes, experiences and beliefs related to nutrition in early infancy in Central Uganda

Design

We conducted 5 focus group discussions and 12 key informant interviews to gather information on local attitudes, experiences and beliefs related to feeding in early infancy.

Setting

Urban areas of Central Uganda.

Participants

Parents and healthcare and public health professionals.

Results

Participants reported numerous concerns related to infant health including inadequate infant weight, premature birth, diarrhea, fever, gastrointestinal infection and malnutrition. Awareness of the infant health benefits of exclusive breastfeeding was prevalent but experienced as in balance with maternal factors that might lead to supplementation, including employment demands, physical appearance, pain, poverty and maternal health and malnutrition. Breastfeeding was highly valued, but use of unsafe breast milk supplements was common, including cow’s milk, black tea, glucose water, fruit juice, millet, maize, rice, potatoes, soy, sorghum, egg yolk, fish and ghee. Expression of breast milk was viewed as not consonant with local culture.

Conclusions

Participants were aware of the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding but described multiple barriers to achieving it. Supplementation with unsafe breastmilk supplements was considered to be more culturally consonant than milk expression and was reported to be the only affordable potential breast milk substitute for many families.
High numbers of COVID-19 patients transit through non-COVID wards, and associated healthcare workers have high infection rates: An observational cross-sectional study
Authors: Nallamilli Susanna , Patel Tejus , Buazon April , Vidler Jennifer , Norton Sam , Atta Mustafa , Galloway James , Bowcock Stella
Published: October 2022

Infection risk is high in healthcare workers working with COVID-19 patients but the risk in non-COVID clinical environments is less clear. We measured infection rates early in the pandemic by SARS-CoV-2 antibody and/or a positive PCR test in 1118 HCWs within various hospital environments with particular focus on non-COVID clinical areas. Infection risk on non-COVID wards was estimated through the surrogate metric of numbers of patients transferred from a non-COVID to a COVID ward. Staff infection rates increased with likelihood of COVID exposure and suggested high risk in non-COVID clinical areas (non patient-facing 23.2% versus patient-facing in either non-COVID environments 31.5% or COVID wards 44%). High numbers of patients admitted to COVID wards had initially been admitted to designated non-COVID wards (22–48% at peak). Infection risk was high during a pandemic in all clinical environments and non-COVID designation may provide false reassurance. Our findings support the need for common personal protective equipment standards in all clinical areas, irrespective of COVID/non-COVID designation.
Is stock market development sensitive to macroeconomic indicators? A fresh evidence using ARDL bounds testing approach
Authors: Omar Abdullah Bin , Ali Anis , Mouneer Salma , Kouser Robina , Al-Faryan Mamdouh Abdulaziz Saleh
Published: October 2022

Over the past decades, emerging stock markets have started to significantly contribute to economic growth through mobilizing long-term capital by pooling funds, facilitating savings and investments into profitable projects and improving corporate governance structure. A plethora of empirical studies is devoted to investigate the determinants of different capital markets but due to highly controversial and inconclusive findings about macroeconomic determinants, this study contributes to the body of existing literature by empirically investigating the macroeconomic forces that drive the stock market development of Pakistan from 1980 to 2019. By applying Ng-Perron and Zivot-Andrews unit root tests (to determine the integrating orders of variables) and Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach, our results confirm cointegration among variables and exhibit the significant positive impact of economic growth and banking sector development on stock market development and negative affect of inflation, foreign direct investment and trade openness on it in long run. At the same time, the short run results show a significant relationship of economic growth, inflation and foreign direct investment with stock market development. Our study has some important policy implications.
Phytase dose-dependent response of kidney inositol phosphate levels in poultry
Authors: Sprigg Colleen , Whitfield Hayley , Burton Emily , Scholey Dawn , Bedford Michael R. , Brearley Charles A.
Published: October 2022

Phytases, enzymes that degrade phytate present in feedstuffs, are widely added to the diets of monogastric animals. Many studies have correlated phytase addition with improved animal productivity and a subset of these have sought to correlate animal performance with phytase-mediated generation of inositol phosphates in different parts of the gastro-intestinal tract or with release of inositol or of phosphate, the absorbable products of phytate degradation. Remarkably, the effect of dietary phytase on tissue inositol phosphates has not been studied. The objective of this study was to determine effect of phytase supplementation on liver and kidney myo-inositol and myo-inositol phosphates in broiler chickens. For this, methods were developed to measure inositol phosphates in chicken tissues. The study comprised wheat/soy-based diets containing one of three levels of phytase (0, 500 and 6,000 FTU/kg of modified E. coli 6-phytase). Diets were provided to broilers for 21 D and on day 21 digesta were collected from the gizzard and ileum. Liver and kidney tissue were harvested. Myo-inositol and inositol phosphates were measured in diet, digesta, liver and kidney. Gizzard and ileal content inositol was increased progressively, and total inositol phosphates reduced progressively, by phytase supplementation. The predominant higher inositol phosphates detected in tissues, D-and/or L-Ins(3,4,5,6)P4 and Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P5, differed from those (D-and/or L-Ins(1,2,3,4)P4, D-and/or L-Ins(1,2,5,6)P4, Ins(1,2,3,4,6)P5, D-and/or L-Ins(1,2,3,4,5)P5 and D-and/or L-Ins(1,2,4,5,6)P5) generated from phytate (InsP6) degradation by E. coli 6-phytase or endogenous feed phytase, suggesting tissue inositol phosphates are not the result of direct absorption. Kidney inositol phosphates were reduced progressively by phytase supplementation. These data suggest that tissue inositol phosphate concentrations can be influenced by dietary phytase inclusion rate and that such effects are tissue specific, though the consequences for physiology of such changes have yet to be elucidated.
Considerations for partnering with Ryan White Case Managers to create equitable opportunities for people with HIV to participate in research
Authors: Lockhart Elizabeth , Turner DeAnne , Galea Jerome T. , Marhefka Stephanie L.
Published: October 2022

Many research studies focus on recruitment from one or few HIV clinics or internet-engaged populations, but this may result in inequitable representation of people with HIV (PWH), across the rural/urban/suburban continuum. Ryan White Case Managers (RWCM) meet regularly with PWH, potentially positioning them as partners in gathering research-related data from diverse groups of low-income, marginalized, PWH. Yet, data collection in partnership with RWCM, particularly over large geographic areas, has been under-explored. We partnered with RWCM and their organizations throughout Florida to administer a 10-item technology use and willingness survey to clients living with HIV; RWCMs provided process-oriented feedback. Among 382 approached RWCM, 71% completed human subjects and survey administration training; 48% gathered data on 10 predetermined survey administration days; and 68% administered at least one survey during the entire period for survey administration. Altogether, 1,268 client surveys were completed, 2.7% by rural participants. Stigma, privacy concerns, and disinterest reportedly inhibited client participation; competing obligations, policies, and narrow recruitment windows prevented some RWCM from offering the survey to clients. Research should further explore strategies and best practices to ensure equitable access to participate in research among PWH.
The relationship of mRNA with protein expression in CD8+ T cells associates with gene class and gene characteristics
Authors: Nicolet Benoît P. , Wolkers Monika C.
Published: October 2022

T cells are key players in our defence against infections and malignancies. When T cells differentiate or become activated, they undergo substantial alterations in gene expression. Even though RNA expression levels are now well documented throughout different stages of T cells, it is not well understood how mRNA expression translates into the protein landscape. By combining paired RNA sequencing and mass spectrometry data of primary human CD8+ T cells, we report that mRNA expression is a poor proxy for the overall protein output, irrespective of the differentiation or activation status. Yet, gene class stratification revealed a function-specific correlation of mRNA with protein expression. This gene class-specific expression pattern associated with differences in gene characteristics such as sequence conservation and untranslated region (UTR) lengths. In addition, the presence of AU-rich elements in the 3’UTR associated with alterations in mRNA and protein abundance T cell activation dependent, gene class-specific manner. In conclusion, our study highlights the role of gene characteristics as a determinant for gene expression in T cells.
The relationship between hot flashes and fatty acid binding protein 2 in postmenopausal women
Authors: Chen Ting-Yu , Huang Wan-Yu , Liu Ko-Hung , Kor Chew-Teng , Chao Yi-Chun , Wu Hung-Ming
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Hot flashes, the most bothering symptom of menopause, are linked to a metabolic inflammation. Due to estrogen deficiency in menopause, dysbiosis is observed. The intestinal barrier affects the interaction of microbiota in healthy or unhealthy individuals. This study investigates the relationship between hot flashes and gut permeability in postmenopausal women.

Participants and design

In this cross-sectional study, we divided 289 women, aged 40–65 years, into four groups based on their hot-flash severity: HF0: never experienced hot flashes; HFm: mild hot flashes; HFM: moderate hot flashes; HFS: severe hot flashes. The measured variables included the clinical parameters; hot flashes experience; fasting plasma levels of zonulin, fatty acid binding protein 2 (FABP2), endotoxin, and cytokines/chemokines. We used multiple linear regression analysis to evaluate the relationship between hot flashes and the previously mentioned gut barrier proteins.

Settings

The study was performed in a hospital medical center.

Results

The hot flashes had a positive tendency toward increased levels of circulating FABP2 (P-trend = 0.001), endotoxin (P-trend = 0.031), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (P-trend = 0.033), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) (P-trend = 0.017), and interferon-inducible protein-10 (IP10) (P-trend = 0.021). Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed significant correlations of FABP2 with endotoxin, TNF-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, IP10, and hs-CRP in the 289 postmenopausal women included in this study. Linear regression analysis revealed that hot-flash severity had significant assoiciations with FABP2 (P-trend = 0.002), but not with zonulin. After adjusting for body mass index, age, and menopause duration, multivariate linear regression analysis revealed the differences between HFs (% difference (95% confidence interval), 22.36 (8.04, 38.59), P = 0.01) and HF0 groups in terms of FABP2 levels.

Conclusions

This study shows that hot flashes are significantly associated with FABP2 levels in postmenopausal women. It suggests that severe hot flashes are linked to an increase in intestinal barrier permeability and low-grade systemic inflammation.
Fetal malposition in labour and health outcomes for women and their newborn infants: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Barrowclough Jennifer , Kool Bridget , Crowther Caroline
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Occiput-posterior (OP) or occiput-transverse (OT) fetal malposition has a prevalence of 33–58% in the first-stage of labour with 12–22% persisting until delivery. Malposition is associated with significant maternal and neonatal morbidity. Most previous studies report the incidence and adverse maternal and fetal outcomes of persistent fetal malposition in the second stage of labour and do not include outcomes that may be present in the first stage of labour.

Aims

To assess the incidence and health outcomes for women and their newborn infants of a fetal malposition in the first or second stage of labour.

Materials and methods

A retrospective cohort study of 738 maternity records (randomly selected) from a tertiary hospital in New Zealand. Maternal and neonatal characteristics are described. Outcomes for women with a fetus in an OP or OT position in labour are compared to those for women with a fetus in an occiput-anterior position (OA).

Results

499 (68%) women had an OP/OT positioned fetus and 239 (32%) had an OA positioned fetus on vaginal examination in labour. Women had similar characteristics except a body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 was more common in the OP/OT group. Fetal malposition appears to be more likely in women with a right-sided fetal occiput. Three quarters of OP/OT fetuses rotated anteriorly by birth. Fetal malposition compared to no malposition was associated with oxytocin augmentation, epidural use, a longer first stage of labour, fewer normal vaginal births, and more caesarean sections. Fetal malposition during labour was not associated with adverse neonatal outcomes.

Conclusion

Interventions such as maternal posture in the first and second stage of labour could potentially reduce the incidence of malposition and improve health outcomes for mothers.
Fostering innovation: Experimental evidence on the effectiveness of behavioral interventions
Authors: Matthewes Elisa , Nassar Anis , Zihlmann Christian
Published: October 2022

We experimentally investigate an intervention that ought to motivate innovative behavior by changing risk perceptions. Participants run a virtual lemonade stand and face a trade-off between exploiting a known strategy and exploring untested approaches. Innovation through testing new approaches comes along with a risk of failure because participants are compensated based on the profits generated by their virtual business. We test whether we can draw attention away from this risk by implementing a salience mechanism, which ought to focus participants on the input rather than the outcome of the innovative process. However, we find that this intervention is not effective in motivating innovative behavior—rather, it jeopardizes innovation. We discuss potential behavioral channels and encourage further research of risk salience as a tool to foster innovation. Our pre-registered study highlights the importance of evaluating interventions before implementation, as even carefully designed interventions may turn out to be ineffective or even backfire.
Reductions in bacterial viability stimulate the production of Extra-intestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) cytoplasm-carrying Extracellular Vesicles (EVs)
Authors: Jiang Min , Wang Zhongxing , Xia Fufang , Wen Zhe , Chen Rui , Zhu Dongyu , Wang Min , Zhuge Xiangkai , Dai Jianjun
Published: October 2022

Extra-intestinal PathogenicEscherichia coli(ExPEC) is defined as an extra-intestinal foodborne pathogen, and several dominant sequence types (STs) ExPEC isolates are highly virulent, with zoonotic potential. Bacteria extracellular vesicles (EVs) carry specific subsets of molecular cargo, which affect various biological processes in bacteria and host. The mechanisms of EVs formation in ExPEC remains to be elucidated. Here, the purified EVs of ExPEC strains of different STs were isolated with ultracentrifugation processes. A comparative analysis of the strain proteomes showed that cytoplasmic proteins accounted for a relatively high proportion of the proteins among ExPEC EVs. The proportion of cytoplasm-carrying vesicles in ExPEC EVs was calculated with a simple green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression method. The RecA/LexA-dependent SOS response is a critical mediator of generation of cytoplasm-carrying EVs. The SOS response activates the expression of prophage-associated endolysins, Epel1, Epel2.1, and Epel2.2, which triggered cell lysis, increasing the production of ExPEC cytoplasm-carrying EVs. The repressor LexA controlled directly the expression of these endolysins by binding to the SOS boxes in the endolysin promoter regions. Reducing bacterial viability stimulated the production of ExPEC EVs, especially cytoplasm-carrying EVs. The imbalance in cell division caused by exposure to H2O2, the deletion offtsKgenes, or t6A synthesis defects activated the RecA/LexA-dependent SOS response, inducing the expression of endolysins, and thus increasing the proportion of cytoplasm-carrying EVs in the total ExPEC EVs. Antibiotics, which decreased bacterial viability, also increase the production of ExPEC cytoplasm-carrying EVs through the SOS response. Changes in the proportion of cytoplasm-carrying EVs affected the total DNA content of ExPEC EVs. When macrophages are exposed to a higher proportion of cytoplasm-carrying vesicles, ExPEC EVs were more cytotoxic to macrophages, accompanied with more-severe mitochondrial disruption and a higher level of induced intrinsic apoptosis. In summary, we offered comprehensive insight into the proteome analysis of ExPEC EVs. This study demonstrated the novel formation mechanisms ofE.colicytoplasm-carrying EVs.
GEOPROCESSAMENTO APLICADO À GEOGRAFIA DA SAÚDE: ANÁLISE DOS ÓBITOS POR COVID-19 NA ÁREA URBANA DE SANTA MARIA/RS, EM 2020
Authors: Rizzatti Maurício , Batista Natália Lampert , Spode Pedro Leonardo Cezar , Faria Rivaldo Mauro de
Published: October 2022

A Cartografia e o Geoprocessamento são fundamentais para a compressão de dados espaciais, além do entendimento das distribuições de fenômenos que ocorrem no espaço. Questões epidemiológicas e de saúde, por esse viés, podem ser estudadas com muita propriedade e profundidade a partir dessas áreas do conhecimento. Dessa maneira, este trabalho tem como objetivo geral analisar a distribuição espacial dos óbitos por COVID-19, na escala intraurbana de Santa Maria, RS, no ano de 2020, por meio de ferramentas de Geoprocessamento. Observou-se que o comportamento espacial dos óbitos por COVID-19 se deu nos bairros de maior população e circulação de pessoas, além disso, a partir do mês de setembro de 2020, percebeu-se uma generalização dos óbitos por todas as regiões da cidade. Portanto, a metodologia e discussão apresentadas neste trabalho permitiram uma compreensão da dinâmica do novo Coronavírus na escala urbana de Santa Maria, RS, com informações disponibilizadas pela Vigilância Epidemiológica do município.