bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gut Microbiota in Patients with Different Metabolic Statuses: Moscow Study
Authors: Kashtanova Daria A. , Tkacheva Olga N. , Doudinskaya Ekaterina N. , Strazhesko Irina D. , Kotovskaya Yulia V. , Popenko Anna S. , Tyakht Alexander V. , Alexeev Dmitry G.
Published: September 2018

The aim of this paper was to study gut microbiota composition in patients with different metabolic statuses. Methods: 92 participants aged 25–76 years (26 of whom were men), with confirmed absence of cardiovascular and other chronic diseases (but with the possible presence of cardiovascular risk factors) were included. Carotid ultrasound examinations, 16S rRNA sequencing of stool samples and diet assessments were performed. Statistical analysis was performed using R programming language, 3.1.0. Results: Enterotyping yielded two clusters differentiated by alpha-diversity. Intima-media thickness was higher in the cluster with lower diversity (adj. p < 0.001). Obesity was associated with higher Serratia (adj. p = 0.003) and Prevotella (adj. p < 0.0003) in relative abundance. Abdominal obesity was associated with higher abundance of Serratia (adj. p = 0.004) and Prevotella (adj. p = 0.0008) and lower levels of Oscillospira (adj. p = 0.0005). Glucose metabolism disturbances were associated with higher Blautia (adj. p = 0.0007) and Serratia (adj. p = 0.003) prevalence. Arterial hypertension was associated with high Blautia levels (adj. p = 0.002). The Blautia genus strongly correlated with low resistant starch consumption (adj. p = 0.007). A combination of high-fat diet and elevated Blautia levels was very common for diabetes mellitus type 2 patients (adj. p = 0.0001). Conclusion: The results show that there is a relationship between metabolic changes and higher representation of opportunistic pathogens and low diversity of gut microbiota even in apparently healthy participants.
Density Functional Studies on Secondary Amides: Role of Steric Factors in Cis/Trans Isomerization
Authors: Thakkar Balmukund S. , Svendsen John Sigurd M. , Engh Richard A.
Published: September 2018

Cis/trans isomerization of amide bonds is a key step in a wide range of biological and synthetic processes. Occurring through C-N amide bond rotation, it also coincides with the activation of amides in enzymatic hydrolysis. In recently described QM studies of cis/trans isomerization in secondary amides using density functional methods, we highlighted that a peptidic prototype, such as glycylglycine methyl ester, can suitably represent the isomerization and complexities arising out of a larger molecular backbone, and can serve as the primary scaffold for model structures with different substitution patterns in order to assess and compare the steric effect of the substitution patterns. Here, we describe our theoretical assessment of such steric effects using tert-butyl as a representative bulky substitution. We analyze the geometries and relative stabilities of both trans and cis isomers, and effects on the cis/trans isomerization barrier. We also use the additivity principle to calculate absolute steric effects with a gradual increase in bulk. The study establishes that bulky substitutions significantly destabilize cis isomers and also increases the isomerization barrier, thereby synergistically hindering the cis/trans isomerization of secondary amides. These results provide a basis for the rationalization of kinetic and thermodynamic properties of peptides with potential applications in synthetic and medicinal chemistry.
Comparative Study of Volatile Compounds in the Fruit of Two Banana Cultivars at Different Ripening Stages
Authors: Zhu Xiaoyang , Li Qiumian , Li Jun , Luo Jun , Chen Weixin , Li Xueping
Published: September 2018

Aromatic compounds are important for fruit quality and can vary among fruit cultivars. Volatile compounds formed during the ripening of two banana cultivars, Brazilian and Fenjiao, were determined using headspace solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). These two cultivars exhibited different physiological characteristics during storage. Fenjiao fruit exhibited faster yellowing and softening, a higher respiration rate and greater ethylene production. Also, the soluble sugar content in Fenjiao fruit was much higher than in Brazilian fruit. In total, 62 and 59 volatile compounds were detected in Fenjiao and Brazilian fruits, respectively. The predominant volatile components isoamyl acetate, butanoic acid, 3-methyl-3-methylbutyl ester, hexanal, trans-2-hexenal and 1-hexanol varied during ripening stages. Moreover, esters were more abundant in Fenjiao, and propanoic acid 2-methylbutyl ester, and octanoic acid were only detected in Fenjiao. These compounds contribute to the unique flavors and aromas of the two cultivars.
Galvanic Replacement of Electrochemically Restructured Copper Electrodes with Gold and Its Electrocatalytic Activity for Nitrate Ion Reduction
Authors: Balkis Ali , Crawford Jessica , O’Mullane Anthony P.
Published: September 2018

The electrochemical formation of nanostructured materials is a cost effective route to creating substrates that can be employed in a variety of applications. In this work the surface of a copper electrode was electrochemically restructured in an alkaline solution containing ethanol as an additive to modify the surface morphology, and generate a Cu/Cu2O surface, which is known to be active for the electrocatalytic reduction of environmentally harmful nitrate ions. To increase the activity of the nanostructured surface it was decorated with gold prisms through a facile galvanic replacement approach to create an active Cu/Cu2O/Au layer. The surface was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, as well as electrochemical techniques. It was found that the presence of recalcitrant oxides, and Au was beneficial for the increased activity compared to unmodified copper and undecorated restructured copper and was consistent with the incipient hydrous oxide adatom mediator model of electrocatalysis. This approach to generating nanostructured metal/metal oxide surfaces that can be galvanically replaced to create these types of composites may have other applications in the area of electrocatalysis.
Friction Performance of Aged T-BFRP Composite for Bearing Applications
Authors: Nirmal Umar
Published: September 2018

The current work is an attempt to reduce friction coefficient of the treated betelnut fibre reinforced polyester (T-BFRP) composites by aging them in twelve different solutions with different kinematic viscosities. The test will be performed on a pin on disc (POD) wear test rig using different applied loads (5–30 N), different sliding distances (0–6.72 km) at sliding speed of 2.8 m/s subjected to a smooth stainless steel counterface (AISI-304). Different orientations of the fibre mats such as anti-parallel (AP) and parallel (P) orientations subjected to the rotating counterface will be considered. The worn surfaces were examined through optical microscopy imaging and it was found that the aged specimens had significantly lower damages as compared to neat polyester (NP) and the unaged samples. Besides, P-O samples revealed lower friction coefficients as compared to AP-O, i.e., reduction was about 24.71%. Interestingly, aging solutions with lower kinematic viscosities revealed lower friction coefficients of the aged T-BFRP composites when compared to the ones aged in higher kinematic viscosities.
Extraction of γ-Alumina from Low-Cost Kaolin
Authors: Ibrahim Khalil M. , Moumani Mohammad K. , Mohammad Salsabeela K.
Published: September 2018

A combined process is proposed for the utilization of local kaolin to produce alumina particles. The applied process is made in two stages: calcination at 700 °C with sodium chloride and leaching with sulfuric followed by hydrochloric acids. The optimal extraction efficiency can be obtained when the conditions are as follows: leaching temperature is at 140 °C, leaching time is 3 h 45 min and concentration of sulfuric acid is 40 wt.%. The results show that the purity of alumina reaches 79.28%, which is suitable for the production of aluminum metal. It is evident that this method of extraction of alumina from the kaolin ash is practical and feasible. The structural and morphological properties of the calcined microcrystalline powder was characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope (SEM).
An Aptamer-Based Biosensor for Direct, Label-Free Detection of Melamine in Raw Milk
Authors: Kaneko Naoto , Horii Katsunori , Akitomi Joe , Kato Shintaro , Shiratori Ikuo , Waga Iwao
Published: September 2018

Melamine, a nitrogen-rich compound, has been used as a food and milk additive to falsely increase the protein content. However, melamine is toxic, and high melamine levels in food or in milk can cause kidney and urinary problems, or even death. Hence, the detection of melamine in food and milk is desirable, for which numerous detection methods have been developed. Several methods have successfully detected melamine in raw milk; however, they require a sample preparation before the analyses. This study aimed to develop an aptamer-DNAzyme conjugated biosensor for label-free detection of melamine, in raw milk, without any sample preparation. An aptamer-DNAzyme conjugated biosensor was developed via screening using microarray analysis to identify the candidate aptamers followed by an optimization, to reduce the background noise and improve the aptamer properties, thereby, enhancing the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio of the screened biosensor. The developed biosensor was evaluated via colorimetric detection and tested with raw milk without any sample preparation, using N-methylmesoporphyrin IX for fluorescence detection. The biosensor displayed significantly higher signal intensity at 2 mM melamine (S/N ratio, 20.2), which was sufficient to detect melamine at high concentrations, in raw milk.
Polar Transversal Initial Alignment Algorithm for UUV with a Large Misalignment Angle
Authors: Yan Zheping , Wang Lu , Wang Tongda , Zhang Honghan , Yang Zewen
Published: September 2018

The conventional initial alignment algorithms are invalid in the polar region. This is caused by the rapid convergence of the Earth meridians in the high-latitude areas. However, the initial alignment algorithms are important for the accurate navigation of Unmanned Underwater Vehicles. The polar transversal initial alignment algorithm is proposed to overcome this problem. In the polar transversal initial alignment algorithm, the transversal geographic frame is chosen as the navigation frame. The polar region in the conventional frames is equivalent to the equatorial region in the transversal frames. Therefore, the polar transversal initial can be effectively applied in the polar region. According to the complex environment in the polar region, a large misalignment angle is considered in this paper. Based on the large misalignment angle condition, the non-linear dynamics models are established. In addition, the simplified unscented Kalman filter (UKF) is chosen to realize the data fusion. Two comparison simulations and an experiment are performed to verify the performance of the proposed algorithm. The simulation and experiment results indicate the validity of the proposed algorithm, especially when large misalignment angles occur.
Introduction to the Toxins Special Issue on “Novel Issues in Uremic Toxicity”
Authors: Vanholder Raymond
Published: September 2018

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Case Study of Heat Transfer during Artificial Ground Freezing with Groundwater Flow
Authors: Hu Rui , Liu Quan , Xing Yixuan
Published: September 2018

For the artificial ground freezing (AGF) projects in highly permeable formations, the effect of groundwater flow cannot be neglected. Based on the heat transfer and seepage theory in porous media with the finite element method, a fully coupled numerical model was established to simulate the changes of temperature field and groundwater flow field. Firstly, based on the classic analytical solution for the frozen temperature field, the model’s ability to solve phase change problems has been validated. In order to analyze the influences of different parameters on the closure time of the freezing wall, we performed the sensitivity analysis for three parameters of this numerical model. The analysis showed that, besides the head difference, the thermal conductivity of soil grain and pipe spacing are also the key factors that control the closure time of the frozen wall. Finally, a strengthening project of a metro tunnel with AGF method in South China was chosen as a field example. With the finite element software COMSOL Multiphysics® (Stockholm, Sweden), a three-dimensional (3D) numerical model was set up to simulate the change of frozen temperature field and groundwater flow field in the project area as well as the freezing process within 50 days. The simulation results show that the freezing wall appears in an asymmetrical shape with horizontal groundwater flow normal to the axial of the tunnel. Along the groundwater flow direction, freezing wall forms slowly and on the upstream side the thickness of the frozen wall is thinner than that on the downstream side. The actual pipe spacing has an important influence on the temperature field and closure time of the frozen wall. The larger the actual pipe spacing is, the slower the closing process will be. Besides this, the calculation for the average temperature of freezing body (not yet in the form of a wall) shows that the average temperature change of the freezing body coincides with that of the main frozen pipes with the same trend.
Removal of Antimony Species, Sb(III)/Sb(V), from Water by Using Iron Coagulants
Authors: Mitrakas Manassis , Mantha Zoi , Tzollas Nikos , Stylianou Stelios , Katsoyiannis Ioannis , Zouboulis Anastasios
Published: September 2018

Antimony (Sb) is classified as a toxic pollutant of high priority, because its effects on human health (toxicity) are similar to those of arsenic. However, unlike arsenic, the removal of antimony from polluted waters is still not well understood. In the present study the removal of common antimony species in water, namely, Sb(III) and Sb(V), was investigated by the addition of iron-based coagulants. The applied coagulants were Fe(II), Fe(III), and equimolar mixed Fe(II)/Fe(III) salts and the experiments were performed with realistic antimony concentrations in the range 10–100 μg/L, by using artificially polluted tap water solutions. Sb(III) removal by Fe(III) provided better adsorption capacity at a residual concentration equal to the drinking water regulation limit of 5 μg/L, that is, Q5 = 4.7 μg Sb(III)/mg Fe(III) at pH 7, which was much higher than the value achieved by the addition of Fe(II) salts, that is, Q5 = 0.45 μg Sb(III)/mg Fe(II), at the same pH value. Similarly, Sb(V) was more efficiently removed by Fe(III) addition, than by the other examined coagulants. However, Fe(III) uptake capacity for Sb(V) was found to be significantly lower, that is, Q5 = 1.82 μg Sb(V)/mg Fe(III), than the corresponding value for Sb(III). The obtained results can give a realistic overview of the efficiency of conventionally used iron-based coagulants and of their mixture for achieving Sb concentrations below the respective drinking water regulation limit and therefore, they can be subsequently applied for the designing of real-scale water treatment units.
Comparing Intended, Self-Reported, and Observed Behavior of Snorkelers in the Mombasa Marine Park and Reserve, Kenya
Authors: den Haring Sander D. , Sutton Stephen G.
Published: September 2018

Recreational marine resource use is conducted by a varied group of visitors. Regardless of how minimal this resource use is, or what intentions these visitors have, potentially damaging contacts with these resources are unavoidable. Management authorities need a clear understanding
of these contacts so that resource management can be conducted effectively. Traditional monitoring of visitors in the past has relied on self-reported behavior by visitors themselves. Self-reporting of behavior is not always accurate or reliable. This research article illustrates that even
though recreational marine visitors (snorkelers) in the Mombasa Marine Park and Reserve had intentions to not disturb the reef when they snorkel and indicated having positive attitudes about not disturbing the reef when they snorkel, they still created contacts with the reef. Furthermore,
their self-reported behavior did not correspond with their actual monitored behavior. Monitoring snorkeler behavior is time-consuming and is therefore paired with financial investment; however, this method is the most accurate method of gathering impact data to be used for management purposes.
When accurate data on snorkelers' behavior is necessary, in-water behavior monitoring should be used rather than self-reports.
Cytotoxicity of doxorubicin-conjugated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide]-modified γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles towards human tumor cells
Authors: Plichta Zdeněk , Kozak Yulia , Panchuk Rostyslav , Sokolova Viktoria , Epple Matthias , Kobylinska Lesya , Jendelová Pavla , Horák Daniel
Published: September 2018

Doxorubicin-conjugated magnetic nanoparticles containing hydrolyzable hydrazone bonds were developed using a non-toxic poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide] (PHPMA) coating, which ensured good colloidal stability in aqueous media and limited internalization by the cells, however, enabled adhesion to the cell surface. While the neat PHPMA-coated particles proved to be non-toxic, doxorubicin-conjugated particles exhibited enhanced cytotoxicity in both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant tumor cells compared to free doxorubicin. The newly developed doxorubicin-conjugated PHPMA-coated magnetic particles seem to be a promising magnetically targeted vehicle for anticancer drug delivery.
LIABILITY OF THE ENTITY CAPABLE OF DETECTING A DEFECT OF CONSTRUCTION WORKS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE U.S. AND THE REPUBLIC OF LITHUANIA
Authors: Mitkus Sigitas , White Nancy J.
Published: September 2018

The his research looks specifically into the potential legal liability of the entity capable of detecting construction defects: contractor, nonprofessional owner, professional owner, technical supervisor, designer and building inspector. In this study, the responsibility of each entity for construction defects is discussed and the corresponding documentation and statutory and case law are analyzed for the U.S., Lithuania, and some other countries for comparative purposes.
LAND PLOTS VALUATION IN LAND CONSOLIDATION IN SLOVAKIA: A NEED FOR A NEW APPROACH
Authors: Muchová Zlatica , Konc Ľubomír , Petrovič František
Published: September 2018

The spatial and functional rearrangement of a territory in the process of land consolidation (LC) requires the prior valuation of the land and comparison with the proposed state. This is one of the most difficult stages of the project. The official (information) price of agricultural land is at present determined on the basis of comparing the boundaries of land areas and spatial distribution of the soil-quality ecological units (SQEU). This procedure does not reflect the real value of land and leads to disagreements particularly with large differences in price levels in the neighborhood. Therefore, the authors suggest establishing pricing information using a multicriteria evaluation, into which enters SQEU (through a single price area for the projection unit) as well as the development factor and location factor. The methodological approaches and procedures for land valuation on agricultural land in the LC are illustrated by the example of the cadastral area of Skačany (in northwestern Slovakia). The authors argue that a new approach is more objective to the owners and simplifies the entire process in compliance with the criteria of proportionality.
THE EFFECT OF PUBLIC TARGET ON THE PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP (PPP) RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Liu Yong , Xu Yelin , Wang Ziyou
Published: September 2018

A growing importance of public-private partnership (PPP) in public housing projects has drawn much attention. This paper presents a theoretical analysis exploring the effect of the public target on the private’s optimal strategy in a PPP housing project. An option-based model is established to show that an increase in the proportion of public housing will delay the project development. It indicates that the government needs to consider the trade-off between the waiting time and the supply of public housing. On the other hand, due to the delay effect, the expected project value would rise because the private developer is willing to wait for a better environment in the presence of a rise in public housing. Both private and public sector can benefit from this accurate evaluation model and its implications.
Intralesional Neodymium YAG laser to Treat Complications of Polymethylmethacrylate
Authors: Goldman Alberto , Wollina Uwe
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND: Dermal fillers are widely used for facial and body contouring. Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is a permanent biphasic filler for soft tissue augmentation. In case of unwanted side effects, drug therapy and surgical excision have been commonly used with mixed results.
AIM: We report on a series of patients with adverse events to PMMA and an innovative minor invasive procedure to reduce disfigurement by nodules and lumps.
METHODS: We employed a subdermal, intralesional 1,064 nm neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd: YAG) laser in combination with suction using a blunt liposuction cannula of 2.0-2.5 mm of diameter.
RESULTS: For 12 years, a total of 81 consecutive subjects (79 females and 2 males) were treated. The average age of the patients was 43.7 years (range 26 to 76 years). Granulomas and lumps could be removed in a minor invasive procedure with tumescent anaesthesia. In a minority of cases, the procedure had to be repeated. The results were impressive and not adverse events related to intralesional laser therapy were observed, 86.4% of patients were satisfied.
CONCLUSION: The procedure should be used before or in combination with classical surgery to remove PMMA in case of adverse tissue reactions to PMMA.
The Model of Self Care Behaviour and the Relationship with Quality Of Life, Metabolic Control and Lipid Control of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Binjai City, Indonesia
Authors: Amelia Rina
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND: Diabetes is a type of chronic disease with exceptional medical care for a patient's lifetime, which ultimately requires lifestyle and behavioural adjustments to prevent complications to death. Patients with good self-care behaviour will cause diabetes to be controlled to avoid complications to death and make patients have a better quality of life.
AIM: This study aims (1) to determine the model of self-care behaviour in Type 2 diabetes patients in Binjai City (2) to analyse the effect of self-care behaviour on quality of life, metabolic control and lipid control of Type 2 diabetes patients in Binjai City.
METHODS: This type of research is survey-based and explanatory using a cross-sectional approach. The study population was Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients who remained patients in 8 primary health centres in Binjai City. The consecutive sampling yielded a sample size of 115 people. Data analysis method uses descriptive statistics and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using SPSS and Amos 16.0.
RESULTS: The results showed that all factors that build T2DM patient self-care behaviour were able to be predictors that shape the patient's self-care behaviour. The self-care behaviour model consists of knowledge, attitudes, communication, financing, family support, motivation, and self-efficacy. Motivation is the most significant predictor of its contribution to the self-care behaviour of Type 2 diabetes patients. Self-care behaviour was also known to be significantly related to the quality of life, metabolic control and lipid control of T2DM patients (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Self-care behaviour in T2DM patients can have a substantial and significant impact on quality of life, metabolic control and lipid control possessed by Type 2 Diabetes patients.
One generic synonym and one new species of Phlaeothripidae from India (Thysanoptera)
Authors: Tyagi Kaomud , Singha Devkant , Saha Goutam Kumar , Kumar Vikas
Published: September 2018

Haplothripsshivendraii Tyagi & Kumar, sp. n. is described from Rajasthan state of India. The monobasic Austro-oriental genus Dyothrips Kudô is formally synonymised with Haplothrips.
Two new species of the millipede genus Metonomastus Attems, 1937 from the Balkan Peninsula (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae)
Authors: Antić Dragan , Vagalinski Boyan , Stoev Pavel , Golovatch Sergei
Published: September 2018

In addition to the eleven previously known species of the Mediterranean genus Metonomastus, two more species are described: M.petrovisp. n., from the Rhodopi Mts. and Bunardzhik Hill in Bulgaria, and M.radjaisp. n., from the island of Mljet in Croatia. The relationships between the congeners and their distributions are briefly discussed. All 13 species of the genus are keyed.
New species of parasitic nasal mites infesting birds in Manitoba, Canada (Mesostigmata, Rhinonyssidae)
Authors: Knee Wayne
Published: September 2018

Mites (Acari, Acariformes, Parasitiformes) are one of the most diverse and abundant groups of arthropods associated with birds. Several families of mites have colonised the respiratory tract of birds, the Rhinonyssidae (Mesostigmata) being the most diverse. There are 66 species of rhinonyssids (59 named, seven undescribed species) reported from Canadian birds. Two new species of rhinonyssids were discovered while surveying nasal mites from birds in Manitoba, Canada, and are herein described asSternostomagallowayisp. n.from the horned lark (Eremophilaalpestris), andVitznyssusericisp. n.from the common nighthawk (Chordeilesminor).
Fêtes urbaines en Afrique
Authors: Martineau Jean-Luc
Published: September 2018

Au cours des années 1930, la visibité des oba yoruba dans le sud-ouest nigérian s’est considérablement accrue. Le colonisateur britannique souhaitait modifier leur rôle dans le système de gouvernement. Les conférences d’ oba , qui se tinrent à partir de 1937, ont constitué un moment clé de cette mutation. Les oba ont été contraints de renoncer à leur isolement local pour se donner à voir collégialement lors d’une fête annuelle sur la scène régionale yoruba. L’évolution du déroulement de cette cérémonie festive fut significative et constitutive de la mutation : moment de sociabilité au départ, les conférences devinrent des lieux d’éducation, vitrine des changements et des occasions de mobiliser les énergies. Ce rite auquel les oba s’attachèrent très vite finit par préparer le terrain à une évolution majeure qui caractérise la chefferie dans l’après-guerre : l’ Ooni d’Ife s’y est imposé en effet comme primus inter pares et élément structurant d’une identité yoruba unitaire en cours de construction.
Fêtes urbaines en Afrique
Authors: Dieng Mamadou Moustapha
Published: September 2018

Le Fanal est une fête typique des Quatre Communes de plein exercice du Sénégal, de Saint-Louis en particulier. La veille de Noël, les Signares, richement parées se rendaient à la messe de minuit précédées par de jeunes domestiques porteuses de lanternes vénitiennes ; ce sont ces petites lanternes qu’on appelait Fanals. Par la suite, les enfants serviteurs des métis eurent l’idée de fabriquer des lampions portatifs parrainés par leurs maîtres. L’ouvrage terminé était remis le 1 er janvier au parrain entouré d’amis et de membres de sa famille. Après avoir écouté avec attention et émotion les chansons composées en son honneur, le parrain remettait des pièces de monnaie et des cadeaux aux fêtards. Cette cérémonie fort appréciée par les métis leur permettait de faire étalage de leur richesse et de manifester leur puissance. Avec le déclin des métis amorcé à partir de la deuxième moitié du XIX e siècle, le Fanal sera récupéré par les riches négociants et les autorités politiques européennes. Les ouvrages confectionnés plus imposants et illuminés de l’intérieur par des chandelles figuraient, outre des maisons à étages et des moyens de locomotion (trains), des symboles de la présence française : Palais du gouverneur, pont Faidherbe, siège du Conseil général… A partir des années 1910, le Fanal devient un moyen de légitimation pour les élites africaines en quête de représentativité. La destination finale du Fanal n’est plus la maison du parrain mais la place Faidherbe où, à l’issue d’un défilé nocturne au rythme des percussions, est organisé un concours du plus bel ouvrage et de la plus belle chanson. Les débordements si fréquents entre tendances politiques rivales furent à l’origine de la suppression de la manifestation. Aujourd’hui le Fanal ne sort plus qu’à l’occasion de la visite d’un hôte de marque.
Fêtes urbaines en Afrique
Authors: Thioub Ibrahima , Benga Ndiouga Adrien
Published: September 2018

Dans les Quatre Communes de plein exercice du Sénégal (Saint-Louis, Gorée, Rufisque et Dakar), la culture de la fête a acquis une dimension sociale inédite, grâce au développement de la musique moderne, au lendemain de la deuxième guerre mondiale. L’élite de la jeunesse urbaine a participé à une féconde et dynamique production culturelle dans le domaine de la chanson et de la danse. Le contrôle de ces groupes de musique moderne n’a pas été une préoccupation centrale des pouvoirs coloniaux. De même, ces groupes de musique n’ont pas produit un discours subversif au regard des canons de l’ordre colonial. Quoique marqués par la culture française, ils observèrent une distanciation par rapport aussi bien aux langages, instruments et répertoires du terroir qu’à une culture coloniale triomphante dans son projet assimilationniste. En cela, les groupes de musique constitués par la jeunesse urbaine des Quatre Communes produisirent une identité, une modernité métisse, originale et inédite.
La mode est à la transformation : transformer, mimer ou innover ?
Authors: Taphanel Ludovic , Zerbib Romain
Published: September 2018

Depuis les travaux pionniers de Midler (1986) et d’Abrahamson (1991), les modes en management sont étudiées notamment du fait de leur impact sur la transformation des organisations. Cependant, la majorité des travaux de recherche consacrés à cette question investigue la notion de mode managériale en tant que phénomène de marché régi par une offre et une demande. Face à cette vision, de récents travaux émergent, notamment dans la lignée de ceux initiés par Rovik (2011), afin d’appréhender les dynamiques organisationnelles à l’œuvre lors de l’adoption d’une mode au sein d’une organisation. Cet article a pour objectif de faire l’état des lieux des connaissances accumulées sur ce sujet en embrassant ces deux perspectives. Cela nous permettra dans un second temps d’établir un agenda de recherche sur le thème de l’impact des modes en management sur la transformation des entreprises en distinguant notamment trois variables liées à la mode en question, que sont la dimension spatiale, la dimension de l’action et la dimension temporelle de la pratique à la mode.
Réalités et attentes des entreprises en matière de transformation : résultats d’une enquête exploratoire
Authors: Autissier David , Johnson Kevin , Metais-Wiersch Emily
Published: September 2018

Une enquête quantitative a été menée auprès de 18 grands groupes français sur leurs besoins en matière de gestion de la transformation. Si 75 % des entreprises interrogées ont une structure en charge de la transformation, 60 % sont en cours de construction. Cela permet d’avancer que les directions de la transformation sont au cœur des projets actuels des entreprises.
Entre différenciation et intégration, le déploiement du contrôle de gestion dans l’université
Authors: Ory Jean-Francis , Petitjean Jean-Luc , Côme Thierry
Published: September 2018

Dans un contexte où le contrôle de gestion contribue avec difficulté au pilotage, l’étude du cas de deux services universitaires montre que la prise en compte des parties prenantes est un facteur de réussite du déploiement de véritables outils de pilotage. Leur satisfaction constitue la même finalité des systèmes de contrôle des missions formation continue et développement durable de cette université, mais les voies empruntées pour leur mise en œuvre sont différentes. Le développement d’outils de contrôle ne peut donc pas être analysé de façon monolithique mais au travers des concepts de différenciation-intégration.
Le changement organisationnel responsable de quatre groupes implantés à Dakar : quels enseignements RSE ?
Authors: Bidi Georges , Feige Jimmy
Published: September 2018

L’étude menée dans quatre groupes implantés à Dakar (Sénégal) nous renseigne sur le changement organisationnel responsable mis en œuvre, avec mise en évidence des objectifs, acteurs et perspectives « responsables ». Les enseignements des entretiens menés auprès de responsables de groupes nous permettent de mettre en évidence des pratiques partagées par les différents groupes étudiés. Les actions citoyennes relatives à la santé et à l’éducation de la population – investissement dans le capital humain – constituent notamment des pratiques stratégiques communes aux différents groupes (contenu et contexte). Le processus de formalisation du changement organisationnel responsable dans les groupes étudiés est émergent.
L’impact de la digitalisation des organisations sur le rapport au travail : entre aliénation et émancipation
Authors: Brasseur Martine , Biaz Fatine
Published: September 2018

Depuis les années 2000, l’introduction massive des hautes technologies a profondément transformé les pratiques de management et les relations professionnelles au sein des organisations. Dans cet article, nous nous appuyons sur un travail de recension de la littérature pour étudier les effets de la digitalisation sur le rapport au travail. Nous approfondissons notre analyse en nous focalisant sur une population plus particulièrement impactée, celle des cadres. Nous questionnons le sens des dynamiques d’évolution impulsées. L’innovation technologique en ressort comme un facteur d’émancipation mais aussi comme une source potentielle d’aliénation. Elle ne garantit pas, en soi, le développement d’un progrès social et soulève un questionnement éthique.
Lacan spectateur : un point aveugle entre cinéma et psychanalyse
Authors: Hachemi Omar
Published: September 2018

Si l’importance de la psychanalyse lacanienne pour la théorie du cinéma au cours des années 1970 n’est plus à démontrer, la question du rôle qu’a pu jouer le cinéma dans le développement de la théorie lacanienne reste entière. Or, les allusions cinématographiques au fil des séminaires de Lacan, lorsqu’elles sont envisagées diachroniquement, participent d’une forte cohérence théorique autour des concepts de « réel » et « d’objet a ». Que ce soit en référence au « rictus de jouissance » de Dalio dans la Règle du jeu ou à « l’œil inerte » de la bête marine dans la scène finale de la Dolce Vita (la Douceur de vivre), Lacan cherche à mettre en évidence, par ces fulgurantes allusions filmiques, la présence d’un point aveugle qui, dans le système symbolique du film, fait rupture. Si bien que le cinéma se révèle particulièrement enclin à rendre compte du caractère disruptif de « l’objet a ». Le présent article vise à démontrer que les références au cinéma chez Lacan tendent non seulement à faire système, mais qu’elles permettent surtout d’éclairer, dans une perspective historique, les glissements précoces des concepts lacaniens vers la théorie cinématographique.
Tensions dans l’œuvre cinématographique de Jean Rouch entre représentation visionnaire d’une Afrique en mutation et restitution de l’imaginaire d’une Afrique traditionnelle
Authors: Papanicolaou Catherine
Published: September 2018

Jean Rouch a réalisé en Afrique de l’Ouest des films ethnographiques innovants et importants, principalement de la fin des années 1940 aux années 1970. Il existe un contraste évident – à la fois dans le sujet et dans le style – entre ses films sur une certaine jeunesse africaine dans la période précédant les indépendances et ses films plus traditionnellement ethnographiques dans le sillage de Griaule, plus intéressés par le « primitif » des sociétés traditionnelles comme par « la vérité profonde » présumée inscrite dans la cosmologie dogon. Ce dualisme qui reflète les transformations en cours de la discipline est une source de tension dans son corpus filmique. Dans les pas de Leiris et de Balandier, l’ethnologie française de l’après-guerre appréhendait en effet les changements rapides que l’Afrique connaissait et essayait de reconfigurer en conséquence ses propres fondations théoriques. Rouch s’est peut-être retrouvé en conflit avec ce nouveau paradigme au moment de filmer chez les Dogon, mais dans le même temps il montait des films qui donnaient des voix et une identité à ses personnages, dans une anticipation des « regards croisés » que revendique une certaine critique postmoderne. Dans les films qui se rapportent aux mouvements de sociétés, Rouch mêlait comme il lui convenait la fiction aux thèmes fondamentaux : la décolonisation, la modernisation, la politique, la sociologie des migrations de populations des zones rurales vers les villes. Les travaux de Balandier, notamment sa Sociologie des Brazzavilles noires, et les Maîtres fous, Moi un noir et Jaguar, entraient donc en résonance en offrant une approche plus dynamique de la culture africaine. Toutefois, la dichotomie repérable dans l’œuvre de Rouch, entre ses sujets traditionnels et ses sujets modernes, n’est pas une bizarrerie, mais une marque de fabrique qui reflète la singularité de son itinéraire inscrit dans un moment de reconfiguration de l’ethnologie française, et constitue une source de tension dans son œuvre qui ne peut qu’inviter à poursuivre et à approfondir sa contextualisation historique.
L’entrée du cinéma à l’Université : l’Association pour le Développement des Études Cinématographiques (1973-1977)
Authors: Gili Jean A.
Published: September 2018

Précédée par l'éphémère APPCCU (Association pour la promotion de la culture cinématographique dans l'université), créée en 1956, l'ADEC (Association pour le développement des études cinématographiques) voit le jour en 1973, et prend rapidement de l'importance car elle répond à un besoin. Depuis la fermeture de l'Institut de filmologie qui organisait des cours pluridisciplinaire à La Sorbonne concernant l'étude du cinéma, l'aspiration à la création de chaire de cinéma dans les universités se fait en effet sentir de plus en plus après 1968. Conscients de la nécessité de donner un minimum d'organisation à l'effervescence du milieu universitaire et surtout de constituer un groupe de pression, des enseignants décident alors de prendre des initiatives fédératives. Un premier colloque est organisé du 5 au 10 avril 1973 à l'Université de Nancy II sur le thème « Cinéma et enseignement supérieur ». C'est ce mouvement, ses acteurs et les engagements qu'il prend qu'étudie cet article fondé sur des sources encore jamais exploitées.
Santé et environnement : le changement des mentalités impuissant face au poids des lobbies ?
Authors: Bourdaire-Mignot Camille , Gründler Tatiana
Published: September 2018

États généraux de la bioéthique (rapport de synthèse du Comité consultatif national d’éthique) : neuvième et dernier billet*Alors que le troisième plan Santé-environnement 2015-2019 (PNSE3)1 touche à sa fin, le CCNE a souhaité introduire ce thème au sein des États généraux afin de penser la santé humaine par le prisme de l’environnement. Le lien entre crises écologiques et crises sanitaires est désormais établi, ce qui soulève des questions éthiques ne serait-ce que parce que « ce sont souvent les populations les plus pauvres qui subissent en premier lieu les conséquences des crises environnementales ou de l’appauvrissement des ressources naturelles ». Curieusement, ce thème n’a pas mobilisé (seulement 2 débats en région, à peine plus de 2 000 contributions sur le site web et une seule société savante auditionnée : la Fédération française de génétique humaine). Et c’est le scepticisme qui ressort des différentes contributions : si, pour l’immense majorité des participants, « les effets néfastes de certaines activités humaines sur l’environnement peuvent avoir des conséquences négatives sur la santé », le constat d’une relative impuissance face aux lobbies économiques et financiers est largement partagé et fait douter des résultats que l’on peut attendre d’une action portée par une réflexion éthique en la matière.
Experimental Research on Hydrogen Resistance Performance of Different Microstructure
Authors: Li Wen Bo , Wang Jing
Published: September 2018

The paper studies the effects of different microstructures on the hydrogen resistance properties. Four kinds of microstructures were obtained by using four kinds of heat treatment processes for 45 steel materials. The mechanical properties of different microstructure materials were obtained by Vickers hardness test and internal residual stress test. The relationships between hardness and depth of four kinds of microstructures were obtained by stratified microhardness test. Static hydrogen resistance property of different microstructures was obtained by using the stripping method. Results show that the H2S corrosion layer of different microstructures is basically the same, and the depth and hardness distribution of the hydrogen embrittlement layer are quite different. More pearlite, lead to the weakness of hydrogen resistance property; quenched and tempered sorbite after the hydrogen corrosion is better than ferrite + pearlite structure, martensite has a good resistance to hydrogen permeability. Finally, the relationships between microhardness and depth of the hydrogen embrittlement layer with different microstructures were fitted.
Properties of Low Water/Cement Ratio and High Compressive Strength Pervious Concrete
Authors: Chi Mao Chieh , Chang Jiang Jhy , Yeih Wei Chung
Published: September 2018

The purpose of this study is to discuss the properties of low water/cement ratio and high compressive strength pervious concrete. Two sizes of air-cooling electric arc furnace slag (EAFS), for the same size of 0.24 - 0.48 cm and 0.48 - 0.96 cm, were prepared as the coarse aggregates. Two water-to-cement ratios and three filled percentages (70, 80, and 90%) of voids by cement pastes were selected as variables. The unit weight, connected porosity, water permeability coefficient, compressive strength, and flexural strength of pervious concrete were conducted. Test results show that the pervious concrete with higher filled percentage of voids by cement paste has higher unit weight, compressive strength, and flexural strength and smaller connected porosity and water permeability coefficient. The lower the water/cement ratio and EAFS size, the superior the properties. At the water/cement ratio of 0.25, pervious concrete with EAFS size of 0.24 – 0.48 cm and 90% filled percentage of voids by cement pastes had the highest compressive strength of 35 MPa and flexural strength of 7 MPa.
Deformation Characteristics of the Sheet Metal in the Roll Gap for the Continuous Roll Forming Process
Authors: Wang Mi , Yang Shu Chen , Lu Guo Long
Published: September 2018

Continuous Roll Forming process (CRFP) is a newly developed technique applied to form 3D surface part with various transverse and longitudinal curvatures. In CRFP, the sheet metal is non-uniformly compressed in the roll gap between the upper and lower bendable rolls. The two bendable rolls rotate in opposite directions, and the sheet metal is bitten into the roll gap continuously. At the present, the deformation characteristics of the sheet metal in the deformation zoon (sheet metal between the upper and lower bendable roll) is discussed. The friction force in CRFP can be calculated according to the Coulomb friction law.
Investigation of the outcome of patients with hip fractures using vitamin D3
Authors: Behrouzi Ahmadreza , Hejazi Hojat , Kamali Alireza , Hadi Hoseinali
Published: September 2018

Hip fracture is one of the important health problems of human societies. The aim of this study was to investigate the outcome of patients with this fracture using vitamin D3. This double-blind clinical trial was performed on 100 patients with hip fractures who referred to Valiasr Hospital. All specimens were evaluated for vitamin D3. Group A have had vitamin D3 in the normal range and received a dose of 50,000 vitamin D3 as blouse. Group B included individuals with hip fractures that did not have normal vitamin D3 levels. In this group, individuals received a dose of 50,000 units vitamin D3 in the form of muscular blouse, and then 50,000 units of vitamin D3 were given orally each week up to 12 weeks after surgery. After surgery, both groups were examined clinically and radiologically for ulcer and fracture healing. Moreover, mortality was checked 2 weeks after surgery and each month until healing. There was no significant difference in radiographic examination in the two groups in the term of adhesion and fracture union (P < 0.05). The formation of the union in the clinical examination 4 and 8 weeks after treatment in two groups showed significant difference. The formation of union in clinical presentation 4 weeks and 8 weeks after treatment in two groups showed significant difference (P = 0.005; P = 0.036). The results showed that a group with low vitamin D, but with supplementation, had more fracture union after 4 and 8 weeks after starting treatment. Vitamin D supplementation could improve patients' condition 4 and 8 weeks after treatment.
Antibiotic resistance in patients suffering from nosocomial infections in Besat Hospital
Authors: Hormozi Sirous Faraji , Vasei Narges , Aminianfar Mohammad , Darvishi Mohammad , Saeedi Ali Asghar
Published: September 2018

This study was performed to determine the trend of antibiotic resistance of the causative organisms among the patients suffering from nosocomial infections in Besat Hospital since 2013 to 2015.In this observational study that was performed as a retrospective cohort, 935 consecutive patients with nosocomial infection were enrolled in Besat Hospital since 2013 to 2015. The trend of antibiotic resistance of the causative organisms among them was determined and contributing factors were assessed. The finding of this study revealed that type of microorganisms had significant variation (p = 0.024): while the gram-negative bacilli have shown an increased level of resistance, the gram positive cocci had less resistance. The antibiotic resistance was increased for ampicillin/sulbactam, piperacillin/tazoactam, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefepime, meropenem, gentamicin, amikacin, ciprofloxacine, levofloxacine, nitrofurantoin, and ampicilline. However, it was decreased for colistin. It may be concluded that antibiotic resistance has an increasing trend and that strategic measures of prevention are needed to reduce nosocomial infections.
EJTM3 is also covering Mobility and Medicine at large, an update
Authors: Carraro Ugo
Published: September 2018

Since the first 2018 issue, the European Journal of Translational Myology expanded its authorship and readership from the strict topics of biology, physiology, diagnostic, management and rehabilitation of skeletal muscle to the more clinically relevant fields of human mobility to those of general medicine. This third issue opens with a review on Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, a very complex medical problem, as its other names testify (Myalgic Encephalomyelitis or Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease). A more typical molecular myology original article follows (Increasing autophagy does not affect neurogenic muscle atrophy), but then several Rapid Reports cover different Medical Specialties fields, related or unrelated to neuromyology, mobility problems and their potential solutions. The Advisors of EJTM invite Authors to submit typescripts, taking into account that the journal is keen to publish high-level papers in the fields of Translational Myology, Mobility and Medicine at large.