bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scientific Records in Sangam Literature
Authors: D Vijayarani
Published: November 2022

The Tamil language is more than 2,000 years old, age-old, and has dialects. The Tamil language has the nature of being a mother tongue and has the ability to mix with other languages. Classical literature, which encompasses all the characteristics, serves as a mirror of time that describes the life of man. Ancient Tamils did not explore science to the extent of exploring love and heroism, the gifts of fame and justice, which were two eyes in life. If the news is examined scientifically, one can learn the deep scientific knowledge of ancient Tamils. Tolkappiyam, one of the grammar books, looks at the distinctions between life and the five land distinctions, the measurement names mentioned by them, the characteristics of the planets, etc., with a scientific eye. It is also aimed at examining various scientific aspects of the solar system in the classical literature, such as the movements of the solar system, the calculations of the time, the observations on the disk, the rotation of the air, the rotation of the air, the space travel of the ancient Tamils, the use of aircraft, the knowledge of astronomy, etc.
The Agathinai Components in Thirukkural
Authors: S.L Helen Japa Rose
Published: November 2022

Based on the lives of the Sangam people, they created literature by distinguishing between love-genre literature and heroic-genre literature. The ambrosial Thirukkural, written by the world-famous Valluvar, is a universal holy verse and is a beacon to guide life and refresh literature that gives new meaning every time it is read. It is a book about life. Thirukkural is said to be suitable for all religions, all nations, and all times. In this book, Valluvar clearly explains the principles of the individual's life and how a mature man should be. Agam is a love feeling related to people's inner selves. Thinai is a discipline. So, love is an emotional discipline that can be called Agam. Kamathuppal (Love) is the third section of Thirukkural. This outlines the merits of the love-genre tradition. It has a literary flavour to it, and love reflects the lively character of chastity. It is Valluvar's 'Kamathuppal' that leads to the highest way of life, one-to-one. In this, the expression of love, commitment, and emotional values of the lovers are seen deliciously. Also, the characteristics, duties, and rights common to both sexes are explained. The agathinai components express love and pleasure. He has laid the foundation of love life in twenty-five chapters, divided into two parts: illicit courtship and chastity, which is the agam life. Ancient Tamils considered virtue as a way of life. If one lives a life of charity, one will get happiness. That pleasure is permanent. This article examines the agam components of domesticity as a virtue.
Latent Meat (Grammar) Techniques in Nedunalvaadai
Authors: P Senthilnathan
Published: November 2022

Sangam literature is the literature that can bring before our eyes the life stories of the Sangam people. The poets of the Sangam period used love genre literary techniques such as similes and metaphors to convey the love feeling as a cover-up in their poems. An implicit strategy is to make another object visible along with the apparent object. People who were in love expressed love and affection indirectly rather than directly expressing it. As far as Agam (Love Genre) literature is concerned, the techniques used to express love in the ethics of the Agam people are highly specialized. Agam People statements abound in Sangam literature. Sangam poets have created a separate space for Agam songs by respecting the love and feelings of the people. The people of Ancient Tamil transformed from an immoral life to a life of chastity. The morals of the Agam people are still the norm in people's lives today. Although the environment has changed from time to time, people still remember the messages of culture and tradition. Love and affection can be supportive of love genre literature. This research greatly supports exploring it through literary techniques such as symbolism, metaphor, and meat (grammar).
The Cirupancamulam (Didactic) Ideas from the point of view of the Theory of Literary Technology
Authors: J Jothilakshmi
Published: November 2022

The theme of this paper is that theories from the point of view of poetic structure should be sought to be examined in classical literature from a linguistic point of view. On that basis, it is a book that gives justice to the lives of the people through Cirupancamulam. When examining only one song, the foundation of this is the work of penetrating the secrets of creation by highlighting word count, word choice, and phonetic structure. The purpose of this article is to express the inherent aesthetic elements of the author in the language, rather than to confine itself to the understanding of the meaning of a verse. This article seeks to explore a lyrical way in Cirupancamulam using S.V. Shanmugam Sir's poetic structural elements.
The Doctrine of the King's Charity based on the Purananooru
Authors: D Akila
Published: November 2022

Scholars call a theory a concept (ideology). The theory is the nature of the principle. The principle that we have accepted in practical life. Its standard of living is that of one for one. Therefore, it is said that chastity is the life in which only a man and a woman live together through the ritual of marriage, which is a social event. Thus, principles are formed by the clarity of thought of each principle, by acceptance, and by the social standpoint. Wikipedia lists 21 categories as theoretical categories. Among the distinct theories of Tamil, there are four theories, namely: 1. The Theory of Consciousness, 2. The Theory of Equality, 3. The Theory of Proposition, and 4. The Theory of Epistemology. One of them is the fly theory. One of them is the doctrine of charity. Charity is a small help that is unexpectedly given to the poor in return. The people of the Sangam age believed that the only way the poor could accumulate wealth was to satisfy their hunger. Charity is different from a gift because it is an endowment. All other gifts have a tendency to expect benefits. The society of the Sangam age was changing from a tribal society to a property society. In Sangam literature, it can be seen that the chieftains of small lands associated with the hunting business enjoyed providing food mixed with meat, toddy, and clothing to the Panars, Koothars, Porunars, and Viraliyars who came to them. The kings of smaller lands and chieftains considered this kind of hospitality to be great. Among them, this article examines the way in which the charity trait occurs in the Puranananooru.
Assurance of Kapilar's Songs in Ainkurunooru
Authors: J Surya
Published: November 2022

It can be seen that many Sangam pieces of literature have a peculiarity that is not present in any of the literature of Tamil. The Tamil community is proud of the Sangam literature. The third hundred of the Ainkurunooru are Kurinjithinai songs. They were written by Kapilar. Apart from the Ainkurunooru, the number of Agam songs he sang is approximately 103. Of these, 97 songs are Kurinjithinai songs. They include the long song Kurinjipattu. That is why he was referred to as Kurinji Kapilar. It is also a book based on ainkurunooru ainthinai distinctions. These represent the grammatical characteristics of moral standing. Morality is the expression of a woman's illicit love of morality, i.e., the union of the minds of a man and a woman without the knowledge of others. The fact that the woman expresses her love for the man to her friend, her friend to the nurse, the nurse to the mother, and the mother to the father, as well as to the brothers, is the study of the best depiction of the state of righteousness in the Sangam age.
The Parable of Paalaikali
Authors: C Deepa
Published: November 2022

Poetry has a better place in form and content than other genres of literature. It gives life to the lifeless. Light, giving lightless messages as well. Poetry and literature should be rich in content, form, and techniques. Literature should infuse new interpretations and feelings into every study. Only then will it become special in the course of time. The beauty of the poem is that it conveys the meaning of the poem in particular. Words have two kinds of meanings. One is obvious. The other is reference material. Sengupta points out that the object of reference gives beauty to the poem rather than the obvious. Thus, there is a lot of literary elegance in the Paalaikali in the Kaliththokai. Among them, the article describes the elegance of the parable.
The Female-Centric Community as shown in the Songs of Muthin Mullai (a Part that Deals with the Valour of Women in Purathinai)
Authors: R Gandhimathi
Published: November 2022

The Purathinai literary tradition is not merely a literary tradition. It is also a social tradition of that period. On this basis, one of the disciplines of the Purathinai literary tradition, the Mullai of Muthin Mullai, has within itself a social life. Muthinmullai songs, which describe the valour of women, also record that it is the duty of women to save the family and society for the family. Through such records, the Muthin mullai songs show pieces of evidence to understand the primacy and supremacy of women's lives in society. The songs are used to explain how women are viewed and to confirm the social identities of women, referred to as a matrilineal society. This article also highlights the need to find more data on why the Tamil community was such a predominantly female community.
Features of the Personality Profile in Young People with a History of Suicidal Behavior
Authors: Бойко Е.О. , Ложникова Л.Е. , Зайцева О.Г.
Published: November 2022

С помощью клинико-психологического метода проведено комплексное исследование, которое позволило выявить особенности профиля личности 240 пациентов молодого возраста с суицидальным поведением в анамнезе, с различной нозологической принадлежностью с учетом диагностических критериев МКБ-10.

Using clinical and psychological method, a comprehensive study was carried out, which allowed identifying the features of the personality profile of 240 young patients with a history of suicidal behavior, with different nosological affiliation, taking into account the diagnostic criteria of ICD-10.
Professional Burnout in Resident Physicians Undergoing Internship in Emergency Inpatient Unit in Moscow and Interns in Grodno: Pre-Pandemic Data
Authors: Холмогорова А.Б. , Матюшкина Е.Я. , Бойко С.В. , Рой А.П.
Published: November 2022

В статье анализируются результаты исследования профессионального выгорания молодых врачей, проходящих обучение в ординатуре скоропомощного стационара Москвы и интернатурах скоропомощного стационара и университетской клиники Гродно. Выявлено, что профессиональное выгорание, проявляющееся эмоциональным истощением и деперсонификацией, тесно связано с ухудшением психического здоровья врачей обеих групп. Предикторами профессионального выгорания являются предписываемыйобществом перфекционизм и ощущение одиночества, вызванное сравнением себя с более успешными специалистами и фиксацией на собственной неуспешности. Опора на собственные высокие стандарты, которые молодые врачи устанавливают для себя и своей работы, усиливает ощущение собственной компетентности и снижает риск профессионального выгорания.

The article analyzes the results of the study of professional burnout of young doctors. Respondents undergo training in the residency of an emergency inpatient unit in Moscow and internship of an emergency inpatient unit and the university clinic in Grodno. It was revealed that professional burnout, manifested by emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, is closely related to the deterioration in the mental health in doctors of both groups. The predictors of professional burnout are perfectionism prescribed by society and a feeling of loneliness caused by comparing oneself with more successful specialists and fixing on one’s own failure. Relying on the high standards that young doctors set for themselves and their work enhances their sense of self-competence and reduces the risk of professional burnout.
ANALISIS PENERAPAN APLIKASI SISTEM KEUANGAN DESA MARO SEBO, JAMBI LUAR KOTA, MUARO JAMBI
Authors: Makhshushi Zakiyah  , Yessi Mauliyah  , Ahmad Hamdi
Published: November 2022

Since the reform era, the village government has the authority and independence to carry out village development in accordance with the needs of the community. So that the development gap between regions and poverty can be minimized. However, this needs to be supported by a system that can support the application of the principles of transparency and accountability in financial management. The presence of the Village Financial System (Siskeudes) application used by the Maro Sebo village government since 2017, has supported village fund financial management activities in accordance with Permendagri Number 20 of 2018. Starting from planning, implementation, administration, reporting, and accountability. The financial reporting process becomes faster, on time, more accountable
MANAJEMEN SUMBER DAYA INSANI DALAM MENGEMBANGKAN KSPPS BMT NU CABANG TANAH MERAH BANGKALAN
Authors: A. Muhyiddin Khotib  , Syarifuddin  , Chusnia Lailis Sholeh
Published: November 2022

Manajemen merupakan suatu kebutuhan yang tak terelakkan sebagai alat untuk memudahkan pencapaian tujuan manusia dalam organisasi, sebagai suatu sistem yang bersifat sosio-ekonomi-teknis dan aplikasinya bersifat bebas nilai serta hanya berorientasi pada pencapaian manfaat bendawi semata. Oleh karena itu agar lehih terarah, pembahasan penelitian ini terfokus  pada permasalahan tentang bagaimana Manajemen Sumber Daya Insani dalam Mengembangkan KSPPS BMT NU Cabang Tanah Merah Bangkalan. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif. Sumber data yang diambil dari data primer dan data sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan cara observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknis analisis data yang digunakan adalah data reduction (reduksi data), data displey (penyajian data), conslucion drawing (kesimpulan). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diperoleh bahwa Pengembangan  yang ada di BMT NU yaitu adanya proses pengembangan yang ada di BMT NU,  pelayanan antar jemput tabunganyang dilakukan dimana saja seperti halnya nasabah berada dipasar ataupun berada dimana saja maka pihak karyawan BMT NU yang akan menjemputnya oleh karna itu nasabah merasa beban yang ditanggung lebih ringan. Dan dibidang pelayanan ini ada job tersendiri.sedangka yang menjadi Faktor pendukung dan faktor penghambat  yaitu salah satu lembaga yang mempunyai daya saing dalam mengembangkan BMT NU, di dalam mengembangkan BMT NU, dengan adanya evaluasi setiap minggu dan faktor penghambat tidak sesuainya job yang sudah di tentukan oleh BMT NU.
MINAT BELI KONSUMEN DILIHAT DARI PERSPEKTIF KELENGKAPAN BARANG DAN TATA RUANG
Authors: Hidayan Nanda , Diana Mariya Ulfa
Published: November 2022

This study aims to find out (1) Does the completeness of goods affect consumer buying interest at the Ahsan Amal Supermarkets Salafiyah Syafi'iyah Islamic Boarding School Sukorejo Situbondo? (2) Does spatial planning affect consumer buying interest at the Ahsan Amal Supermarket, Salafiyah Syafi'iyah Islamic Boarding School Sukorejo Situbondo? (3) Does the completeness of goods and spatial planning have a simultaneous effect on consumer buying interest at the Ahsan Amal Supermarkets in the Salafiyah Syafi'iyah Islamic Boarding School Sukorejo Situbondo?. The sample used in this study were 80 people of Ahsan Amal supermarket. The method used in this research is multiple linear regression analysis. The data in this study were processed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS 23. The independent variables in this study were the completeness of goods (X1) and spatial planning (X2). The dependent variable in this study is consumer buying interest (Y). The results of this study indicate that the completeness of goods (X1) has a significant effect on consumer buying interest (Y), spatial planning (X2) has a significant effect on consumer buying interest (Y), and the completeness of goods (X1) and spatial planning (X2) significantly simultaneous to consumer buying interest (Y). While the value of the coefficient of determination in this study of 61.4% states that the variation of changes that occur in the consumer buying interest variable of 61.4% can be explained by variations in changes that occur in the variable of completeness of goods and spatial planning, while the remaining 38.6% can expressed by other factors not described in this study
EXPLORING THE SELAYARESE LANGUAGE TRANSFER ON STUDENTS' ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION
Authors: Amrah Arrahman Muh. Aswan
Published: November 2022

Indonesia consists of various tribes and possesses hundreds of distinctive native languages. Therefore, the influence of the native language on English pronunciation is seen as an obstacle for Indonesian EFL learners. In Second Language Acquisition (SLA) it is classified as language transfer. Selayarese language as one of the native languages existed in South Sulawesi Province also gave positive and negative transfer towards English pronunciation. It was verified through a qualitative case study employed towards 20 students from XI IPA 5 at SMAN 1 Selayar. Several methods were undergone to obtain the data namely questionnaires and students’ recording. The result of the study revealed that Selayarese language gave major negative transfer towards English vowel /æ/ and clusters /bl/. Moreover, Selayarese language gave minor negative transfer towards English long vowels /ɑ:/, /i:/, /u:/, /ɜ:/, /ɔ:/ and vowel /ɒ/, diphthongs /əʊ/, /aʊ/, /eə/, /ɪə/ and /ʊə/, also consonants /v/, /ð/, /ɵ/, /ʃ/ and /z/. besides that, Selayarese language also gave minor positive transfer towards; English vowels /ɛ/, /ʌ/, /ʊ/, /ɪ/ and /ɔ/, diphthongs /aɪ/ and /ɔɪ/ and also consonants /b/, /d/, /g/, /h/, /dʒ/, /k/, /l/, /m/, /n/, /p/, /ŋ/, /r/, /s/, /t/, /w/ and /j/.
Synergy and innovation of digital business solutions and “smart city” infrastructure
Authors: Levchaev P. A.
Published: November 2022

Currently, there is a rapid development of digital technologies that determine not only innovative trends in the development of economic entities, but also cause possible synergistic changes in the future. Digitalization of all spheres of the modern socio-economic system leads to the active introduction of innovative developments in our daily lives, but also determines the possible risks. The article uncovers the controversial issues of the digital economy, pays attention to the current state of digital technologies, economic principles and provisions of the formation and features, characteristics of the digital services economy, its capabilities, as well as makes forecasts of the development of digitalization processes in society.
PENGARUH PENGATURAN KERJA YANG FLEXIBEL, KESEIMBANGAN KEHIDUPAN KERJA DAN KETERIKATAN KARYAWAN TERHADAP LOYALITAS KERJA KARYAWAN PADA PERUSAHAAN PROPERTI DI KOTA KENDARI
Authors: VERA VERA VEBRIANTHY , Bakhtiar Abbas  , H. Mahmudin A. Sabilalo
Published: November 2022

This study aims to determine, analyze and prove that employee work loyalty at a property company in Kendari City is partially influenced by flexible work arrangements, work-life balance, employee engagement. The research design used quantitative research with a field survey approach, Data analysis used SEM based on Partial Least Square with the help of Smart PLS Software. 3. The results of the study show that: (1) Flexible work arrangements do not have a positive and significant effect on employee work loyalty meaning that every time there is an increase in indicators on flexible work arrangements it does not significantly affect employee work loyalty.(2) )Work-life balance has a positive and significant effect on employee work loyalty at a property company in Kendari City, meaning that every time there is a change an increase in indicators on work-life balance can affect employee work loyalty,. (3) Employee engagement does not have a positive and significant effect on employee loyalty, meaning that every time there is an increase in the indicators of employee engagement it does not significantly affect employee engagement. affect work loyalty.
Analisis Aplikasi Coating Pada Roller Track Cargo Compartment Pada Airbus 330-200/300
Authors: Vetho Tigelrito  , Freddy Franciscus  , Bismil Rabeta
Published: November 2022

Aircaft are the most popular means of transportation in the delivery of goods from one area to another. These things can be inaminate objects or living things. Goods transported to the cargo area can be a trigger for damage to the cargo area of the Airbus 330 aircraft, such as spilling fluid from the cargo packaging and the loading process or unloading cargo can cause corrosion in the cargo areaRoller track cargo compartment is one part of the aircraft that is susceptible to corrosion. In aircraft maintenance manual there is no step to apply coating application, where it is known that the coating is one of the protective coatings of a metal to overcome the attack from corrosion. The trial of coating application on the A330-200-200/300 roller track compartment roller track model was conducted for 1670 hours to determine the comparison of roller track corrosion rate values given the av15 adrox protective coating with roller tracks that were not given the av15 adrox protective coating. The test results obtained that the average value of corrosion rate of roller track models with coating coating layers is 0.1505 and without coating layer which is 0.4045 mmpy with coating usage efficiency of 62.7%. So it can be concluded that the application of coating on roller track cargo compartment is effective in inhibiting corrosion rate.
Alat Pendeteksi Penggunaan Masker menggunakan Raspberry Pi 3 B+
Authors: Dwi Rizki Lumintu  , Purwiyanto  , Novita Asma Ilahi
Published: November 2022

Penggunaan terapi cairan intravena membutuhkan pengawasan yang ketat. Oleh sebab itu, proses penggantian cairan intravena yang telah mencapai batas minimum harus dilakukan secara tepat dan cepat, sehingga tidak mengakibatkan keterlambatan penggantian cairan intravena. Rentang rata-rata suhu normal pada tempat pengukuran suhu aksila adalah 34,7-37,3°C. Suhu tubuh yang meningkat dari rentang suhu normal disebut demam, yang mana harus memerlukan penanganan cepat dan selalu terpantau perubahan suhunya. Sistem ini menggunakan dua Panel Monitoring Pasien dan satu Panel Monitoring Perawat yang masing-masing menggunakan Arduino Mega 2560 sebagai mikrokontrolernya, sensor suhu DS18B20 dan sensor load cell, serta NRF24L01+ sebagai modul komunikasi nirkabel. Masing-masing panel monitoring terdapat LED sebagai indikator saat suhu tubuh pasien melebihi 37,3°C dan volume cairan intravena dibawah 30ml. Sensor load cell membaca nilai volume dengan akurat, sedangkan sensor suhu DS18B20 memiliki persentase error sebesar 0,47-0,52%. Panel monitoring pasien dapat memonitoring secara real time dan mengirim data suhu, dan volume cairan intravena pasien ke panel monitoring perawat. Panel monitoring perawat dilengkapi dengan buzzer untuk alarm setiap pukul 08.00, 12.00, 17.00 dan 21.00 serta LED indikator volume dan suhu. Komunikasi nirkabel antara node sensor dengan node master dapat berkomunikasi dengan optimal pada rentang jarak 1 sampai 12 meter dengan dinding tembok sebagai penghalang.
Smart Trash with Web Integrated Volume Monitoring and Sorting System via MQTT Protocol
Authors: Maya Rahayu  , Muhammad Nurkholis Widlan  , Ashari  , Hutama Arif Bramantyo
Published: November 2022

The increasing human population makes each year its production increase significantly. People's ignorance to separate the types of waste has triggered various disasters. Many studies have aimed at tackling this problem, such as smart trash bins that can sort various types of organic and inorganic materials and detect waste. However, it can products with many functions are not all integrated into one product. Purpose of this research is to provide a product that can integrate various smart trash bin functions with a volume monitoring system and sorting metal, non-metal, and organic waste types monitored via the web using the MQTT Protocol. This research prototype consists of several devices, namely smart trash bin equipped with proximity sensors, capacitive proximity sensors, and infrared sensors. In addition, this system is equipped with an ultrasonic sensor to detect the height of the trash. The Wi-Fi module integrated this system with web applications and the MQTT protocol. Based on the test, the system has been running well since the sensor data collection test is 70%, the delay test from the sensor input to the actuator is 3.48 s, the ultrasonic sensor reading accuracy is 97.16%, and the throughput on the monitoring website is 5084.75 bytes/sec.
PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH SERBUK KAYU JATI SEBAGAI MATERIAL PENGISI PADA CAMPURAN ASPHALT TREATED BASE (ATB) DITINJAU DARI UJI MARSHALL
Authors: Muslimin  , Eding Iskak Imananto  , Munasih
Published: November 2022

Pondasi pada perkerasan jalan berperan sangat penting dalam konstruksi jalan karena sebagai titik tumpu untuk meneruskan dan menyebarkan beban ke bagian konstruksi di bawahnya. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan penambahan limbak serbuk kayu jati sebagai material pengisi pada campuran Asphalt Treated Base (ATB). Analisis pengujian benda uji meliputi analisis kekuatan agregat terhadap tumbukan, indeks kepipihan, angka angularitas, berat isi agregat, analisa saringan agregat halus dan kasar, berat jenis dan penyerapan agregat halus, berat jenis dan penyerapan agregat kasar serta keausan agregat menggunakan alat los angeles. Pengujian benda uji aspal meliputi pemeriksaan penetrasi bahan-bahan bitumen, pemeriksaan titik nyala dan bakar, pemeriksaan titik lembek aspal dan ter, daktilitas bahan bitumen, pemeriksaan berat jenis bitumen keras dan ter, serta penurunan berat minyak aspal. Pengujian Marshall meliputi pengujian stabilitas, flow, VIM, VMA, MQ, VFA, dan density. Berdasarkan hasil analisa, diperoleh hasil yaitu serbuk kayu jati dapat dikatakan layak dijadikan material pengisi pada campuran ATB. Nilai persentase kadar serbuk kayu optimum (SKO) pada campuran ATB adalah sebesar 0,27% pada kadar aspal optimum 5.35% dengan nilai parameter marshall test stabilitas SKO sebesar 1084,33 kg, flow 3,46mm, VIM 4,54%, VMA 16,71%, MQ 312kg/mm, dan VFA 72,81%.
ANALYSIS OF CAUSES DELAYS IN THE ROYAL RUNGKUT SURABAYA HOSPITAL PROJECT USING FTA METHOD
Authors: Setiawan Handika
Published: November 2022

Hospitals are one of the most strategic parts of the health field. This is none other than because a quality hospital is a service to create a healthy Indonesian society, in terms of physical and mental. Therefore, the construction of the Hospital building which is included in the development of this development is needed by the Royal Surabaya Hospital. But in reality, the development of development has been delayed since December 6, 2021, which can be seen through the S curve. In this study, researchers used a questionnaire that was distributed to respondents, namely the construction staff of the Royal Extension Hospital Surabaya to obtain data, then the data was processed using the fault tree analysis method to find out what caused the delay in the project. The results of this study found that the cause of the delay was caused by the owner's late payment to the contractor or related parties, the owner's delay in approving and making changes to the design, lack of supervision of the design, damage and effectiveness of the use of heavy equipment, and lack of construction materials. It can be concluded that the cause of the occurrence of delays is due to 4 factors.
PREPRATION OF NEW NATIONAL MEDIA FOR CULTIVATION AND EFFECT OF SOME ENVIROMENTAL FACTORS ON GROWTH RATE OF OYSTER MUSHROOM
Authors: & et al. Chechan
Published: November 2022

This study was carried out to devise a local nutrient media for primary mycelium growth of two species of fungi belonging to the genus oyster mushroom Pleurotu snamed Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus eryngii using tissue culture or mycelium inoculation for reproduction and production. Different natural material was used for this purpose involved Cumin, onion, oatmeal, banana peel, date seeds, garlic, alfalfa, flowers of palm pollenin a concentration ranged from 10 to 40 g/ L.  The study was also focused on the effect of physical factors as temperatures and pH on growth rate of fungal mycelium. The results shown that the media prepared from cummins and onion powders have achieved best growth rate for the studied fungi   Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus eryngii  which was 1.42 cm/ day in comparison with PDA where the growth rate was 0.71 cm/day. The best concentration of preparation of these medium was 20 g/L. The optimum pH could be adopted in the preparation of primary mycelium from two fungi was 6.5 which achieved the highest growth rate of 1.42 cm / day. While The optimum temperature for the development of this fungus was 25 C and a fungal growth rate 1.42cm/day.
STABILITY ANALYSIS IN EQULIBRIUM OF THE DEMAND AND SUPPLY FOR WHEAT CROP IN IRAQ DURING THE PERIOD 1971-2013USING COBWEB MODEL
Authors: & AL-HIYALI AL-DAAMI
Published: November 2022

The wheat crop consider one of the main important crops in the world, and it is occupied the first order in importance, it is one of the winter grains crop in Iraq, and the Iraqi family cannot leave it because its nutritional gains besides its economic importance. The agricultural policies those follow by the government are influence positively or negatively on the agricultural production; therefore we should focus on evaluating these consequences. The  study aims estimating the demand and supply functions for the wheat crop in Iraq and  analyzing the stability in equilibrium  system of  the demand and supply for the crop during the period (1971-2013), besides evaluating consequences of  the agricultural pricing policy in the short and long run by using the cobweb Equilibrium Model (CEM). the study depends  on many variables in the equilibrium analysis model those contributing in knowing influence of  the governmental policies, repressed by the consumed quantities of wheat, supplying quantities, prices of wheat,  the national income in fixed prices, the population and prices of the inputs (price of the fertilizer), in both of them we using the double logarithmic model to represent the relationship between the dependent  variable and the  independent variables, the study reached to that  the satisfaction obtained from the wheat consumption was high because decreasing of the income elasticity which was (0.004), furthermore the  positive signal it indicate that the wheat is normal and necessary good, the results show that the satiated obtained from the  wheat consumption was high, the results of the function of supply show that response of the farmer to the changing  in prices was weak, and this indicate weakness in performance of the locally  governmental pricing policy, and concerning with price of the fertilizer, the results show that the farmers do not using this input economically and about results of the an equilibrium analysis they came to support the results in the first analysis,  the results of the coefficients in the long run came stable with results of the short run, while  results of the stability of the equilibrium show that role of pricing policy causing un equilibrium in the demand and supply system of  the wheat (then equilibrium  unstable) while the system was relatively stable in the long run, and the national income, population were have positive influence in increasing the demand quantities, the study reached to set of recommendations at the end of the search.
ORGANIC MATTER ADDITION AND ZINC STATUS IN CALCAROUS SOIL OF IRAQ
Authors: & et al. Rasheed
Published: November 2022

The current investigation was conducted at 2014-2015 to determine the influence of levels and periods of addition of organic matter on Zinc availability in Iraqi calcareous soil. Experiments were conducted as a field experiment in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) using four replicates. Wheat, Al-Rasheed variety was used as a test crop. The entire field was equally dived in two divisions. One of the two divisions was cultivated to wheat and the second was left uncropped. Effect of five levels of organic matter as a peat namely 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 ton ha-1 were determined. Soils were analyzed to determine its physical and chemical characteristics. Soil samples were collected after 3, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 days for determining essential parameters and indicators that reflect the effect of the level of compost addition on Zinc availability. DTPA- Zn after 3, 30, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days are the least at 20-30 cm depth and the greatest at 0-10 cm depth. DTPA- Zn increased with increase of the level of OM addition. DTPA-Zn 90 days after addition in uncropped soil at 25 ton OM ha-1 addition was 1.55, 1.02 and 0.36 mg kg-1 Zn at 0-10, 10-20, 20-30 cm depths and it was 1.40, 1.05 and 0.78 mg kg-1 Zn at the same soil depths, for cropped soil, respectively. DTPA extractable Zn as affected by time of addition, over the entire period of addition, was higher in cropped soil than that in uncropped soil at 50 ton OM ha-1 addition level. DTPA- Zn in both cropped and uncropped soil was found to increase linearly with the time after addition.
EFFECT OF DEFFERENT LEVELS OF TURMERIC SUPPLEMENTATION WITH DIET ON HUMORAL IMMUNE RESPONSE TO NEWCASTLE AND INFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE VIRUS AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF SOME INTERNAL ORGAN OF BROILER CHICKENS
Authors: M. Shihab I.
Published: November 2022

In this study, evaluated the effect of turmeric dietary addition on immune response against the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and Infectious bursal disease (IBDV). and histopathological changes in some internal  organs was evaluated in 42 day old broiler chicks. ninety-six Ross broiler chicks were reared from 1  to 42 days old and divided randomly into four groups, Feed and drinking water were offered ad libitum.  Group1 (G1) received turmeric (0.2%), while group2 (G2) received turmeric (0.4%), Group3 (G3) received turmeric (0.6 %) and group4 (G4) was the control positive received basal diet . At the end of the trial  five birds from each treatment were slaughtered  for assessment of  histological section, take same of organ (liver , spleen , and bursa of Fabricius) at 42 day.  Results of ELISA test titer revealed differences among various treatment groups at the end of the experiment. mean ELISA test values of G2 revealed a higher significant at (P< 0.05) in antibody titers  in comparsion with  other groups and control. specimen from liver ,spleen and bursa of fabricius were dissected out for histopathological examination and results of microscopic section showed increase in immune response of  G2 chicken : of microscopic sections of G2 histopathological changes in the  liver tissue revaled mamefisted by  focal mononuclear cells aggregation and proliferation of kupffers cells and slight congestion of blood sinusoids  and congestion of portal bloob vessels with few infiltration of inflammatory cells .The intrahepatic bile ductless exhibited dilation and hyperplasia of their epithelial linings with slight per portal fibrosis compared with G1,G3 which showed no clear histopathological changes. The microscopic examination of the spleen  revaled  range from mild (G1 and G3) to moderate hyperplasia of lymphoid follicles in (G2) . histopathological changes in the bursa of  fabricius  were characterized by moderate follicular hypertrophy  especially in G2 as compared with other treated group's and control .
IMMUNOMODULATORY OF Bifidobacterium breve AND INHIBITORY EFFECT OF BIFIDOBREVICIN -LHM ON Streptococcus agalactiae AND ITS β-HEMOLYSIN
Authors: H. Mahdi L.
Published: November 2022

The objective of this research was production, purification and characterization of  Bifidobrevicin-LHM from  Bifidobacterium breve isolated  from women breast Colostrum. The antibacterial activity of crude and purified Bifidobrevicin-LHM on Streptococcus.agalactiae were assayed, also investigated their effect on β-hemolysin activity which is purified from S.agalactiae in vitro .We developed an untried mouse model of acute S.agalactae pneumonia, biochemical, histopathological, microbiological, innate and specific immune response were determined. Purified and  crude Bifidobrevicin-LHM exhibited bactericidal  action against S.agalactiae isolates and its  β-hemolysin activity in vitro. Oral and Intranasal administration of B. breve post infection leading to  significantly increase S.agalactae clearance rates in lung and blood, reduce the BAL albumin concentration,lung injury and Lactate dehydrogenase activity, enhanced production of Interleukein 10,IL-4 and high level of BAL -anti S.agalactiae IGg compared with control P<0.05 .To our knowledge the present research is the first report on purification and characterization of bacteriocin produced by B.breve exhibiting inhibitory  activity on  S.agalactiae  and its β-hemolysin. Bifidobrevicin-LHM can inhibit virulence in S.agalactiae is an alternative select for therapy, taking into consideration that orally and intranasally administered.B. breve stimulate both the specific and innate immune response in the respiratory tract. These end results recommend that specific immunomodulatory properties of B. breve should be characterized when developing clinical application
EVALUATION PERFORMANCE GENOTYPES OF BREAD WHEAT TO YIELD, YIELD COMPONENTS, BIOLOGICAL YIELD AND HARVEST INDEX
Authors: & Dhahi Baktash
Published: November 2022

A field experiments were carried out at Abu- Graib Research Station- Agricultural Research Office- Ministry of Agriculture, during the season 2014- 2015 to investigate the performance of 225 pure lines of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), which at sixth generation after crossing among local and exotic genotypes (produced from 2008 to 2014)  with their parents. The experiment was conducted using Simple Lattice Design with three replications. The objective of this experiment to evaluate those genotypes for yield and its components. The results were revealed highly significant differences among genotypes in all studied traits. The genotype 99 gave higher number of spikes plant-1 (44.8 spike), genotype 186 superior in grains number spike-1 (82 grain), a higher weight of grain (49.5g) produced by genotype 17 and a higher  weight of grains plant-1 (82.8g) produced by genotype 99. The genotypes 149 and 189 gave higher biological yield (90g) plant-1, but the higher percentage of harvest index (46.2%) achieved at genotype 75.
DETECTION OF THE SEASONAL VARIATIONS OF POTATO SALES IN WHOLESALE MARKETS OF BAGHDAD PROVINCE DURING THE PERIOD (2010-2015) AND FORECASTING BY USING SEASONAL TIME SERIES MODELS(SARIMA)
Authors: & Al-Ani Alhiyali
Published: November 2022

This research was aimed to detect the seasonal phenomenon of the monthly sales of potato crop in Baghdad for the period (January 2010 - December 2015), using the krusskle - Wallis method. The research also aimed to determine the shape of the time series of the monthly sales of the potato crop whether to follow additive or multiplicative model. The problem of the research is presence of the seasonal phenomenon in the monthly sales of the potato crop, which will be reflected in one way or another on the short-term planning process. According to the results obtained, the monthly sales of the potato crop were predicted at 60 observations for the period January 2016 - December 2020, where the results were consistent with those in the original time series. We conclude from the results obtained that the monthly sale of the potato crop contains seasonal variations and confirms the nature of the pattern that the potato crop has been affected by the season to a large extent. This research was concluded that there was an increase in sales of potato crop during specific months of the year. This is confirmed by the results of the research, which will be reflected in one way or another on the low prices in the months of high sales according to the law of supply and demand. The research included recommendations such as preventing import at peak time (peak season of production) and the need to work on the development of laws and legislation to protect local agricultural products. The research also recommended the imposition of taxes and customs duties on imported agricultural products and not to allow entry into Iraq during the peak season of production.
MEAT PRODUCTION BY STEERS OF DIFFERENT GEOTYPES
Authors: &  et al. Velmatov
Published: November 2022

The objective of this study to investigate  meat production by steers of different genotypes. In order to study the productivity of Simmental and black and white Simmental x Holstein cross bred, steers, six groups of bull-calves with 15 animals each, were formed. The first group consisted of Simmental steers, the second group (3/8) blooded, the third group (1/2) blooded, the fourth group (5/8) blooded, the fifth group (3/4) blooded  and the sixth group (7/8)  blooded Holstein steers respectively. Under the same conditions of feeding and maintenance purebred Simmental animals grow more intensively. At 18-months of age they exceed (3/8) Holstein blooded bull calves by 6.2 kg, half blooded by 16.5 kg, (5/8) blooded by 18.4 kg, (3/4) blooded by 25 kg  and (7/8) blooded by 35.2 kg (Р <0,001). The slaughter  weight of Simmental bulls surpass their counterparts by 7.4-24.8 kg. Significant differences were observed (p < 0.001) between Simmental and crossed bull-calves having in their genotype 75.0-87.5% of Holsteins blood were observed. The same level of reliability (P <0.01) was indicated in the mass of internal fat and slaughtered yield. The specific gravity of flesh in bull calves carcass of all studied groups varied within the limits of 78.7-80.6%.The mass of the flesh of Simmental bulls was higher than  hybrid animals by 4.0-12.0 kg.The fat content in meat of Simmental bull calves is 9.10%, that is 1,86-2,31% more  than hybrid steers. Concerning to the protein content, the crossed bulls exceeded the Simmental ones by 0.10-0.39%.
MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS AND COMPARISON STUDY TO THE RED PALM WEEVIL RHYNCOPHOROUS FERRUGINEUS (OLIVIER, 1790) IN BASRAH PROVINCE - IRAQ
Authors: &  Aletby Al-Saad
Published: November 2022

The Red Palm Weevil (RPW) Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) is well-known as serious insect pest of date palm and other palm species. The pest was firstly recorded in Iraq in 2015. This study was confirmed the identification of this pest using molecular diagnostic (PCR and sequence analysis) and investigate the genetic relationship by comparison of the sequences with other recorded copies worldwide. The results confirmed the identity of the R. ferrugineus (Olivier) molecularly. Ten copies of mitochondrial COI gene of Iraqi samples (MF092880.1- MF092889.1) were firstly registered in National Center of Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The sequences comparison of Iraqi sample genes with worldwide genes showed high similarity with Chinese and Mediterranean COI copies especially the Tunisian one, which may assumes that they were descended from the same origin. The study concluded that the invention of this insect to Iraq could be occurred directly from farms in border area between Iraq and Kuwait or by infested offshoot that imported from other countries.
DETERMINATION THE OPTIMUM CONDITIONS OF LACCASE PRODUCTION FROM LOCAL ISOLATE OF STREPTOMYCES SP. USING SOLID STATE FERMINTATION
Authors: &  et al. Hussein
Published: November 2022

Six different bacterial and fungal isolates included Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp., Candida sp., Klaveromyces sp.,  Aspergillus sp. and Streptomyces sp. were tested to produce laccase enzyme by using submerged fermentation, Streptomyces sp., Candida sp., and Pseudomonas sp. were chosen as being the heaviest in terms of enzyme production, and were tested for laccase production by solid state fermentation using different supports such as a solid media including sawdust with 0.06% xylene, sawdust and bran mixture (2:1) with 0.06% xylene. By using a combination of sawdust and bran (2:1), the productivity of laccase produced from Streptomyces sp., Candida and Pseudomonas sp. reached 177.8, 144.3 and 103.46 U. g-1 respectively. Streptomyces sp., isolate was chosen for laccase production. Optimum conditions for laccase production was determined from the selected isolate Streptomyces sp. by using an amalgamation of sawdust and bran (2:1) in pH 5.5 and the medium was incubated at 30oC for 14 days. This specific activity for laccase enzyme reached 1315 U.mg-1. The maximum removal efficiency of textile dyes such as (yellow, red and black) by crude laccase was reached 87%, 43% and 74% respectively after a period of 3 hours.
GENOTYPING AND HEMOLYTIC CHARACTERIZATION OF PATHOGENIC BACTERIA FROM SOME RAW AND COOKED FOODS
Authors: Allaith S. A.
Published: November 2022

This study aimed to identify pathogenic bacteria in contaminated food from cafeterias and restaurants at the University of Kerbala. Thirty-nine bacterial samples were collected from various foods, such as salads, falafel, and meat products (burger, kebab, and shawarma), before cooking. Bacteria were serially diluted, isolated on selective media, and identified based on biochemical characteristics, and 16S rDNA sequencing. Hemolysin production, seen in most bacteria from raw food samples, was determined using blood agar. Genomic DNA was extracted from all bacterial samples, and their 16S rDNA were analyzed through PCR, gene sequencing, and phylogenetic tree construction. Twenty-seven genetic variants representing both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria were identified. Most of the bacterial isolates produced α or β hemolysin and are likely important causes of food poisoning. These results highlight the need for strict quality control in the cafeterias and restaurants at the university, improving the public’s awareness of food safety issues, and possible routine medical examination of those who handle food at these locations.
VALUE CHAIAN OF WHEAT CROP IN BAGHDAD PROVINCE/IRAQ AN APPLIED STUDY FOR YEAR 2017
Authors: AL- FALLUJI S.J.
Published: November 2022

Wheat is one of the most important strategic crops that have an important role in people's life and food security. Therefore, the research depends on the methodology value chain analyses to discuss and follow the most important determinants and problems facing wheat value chains in Iraq, as well as analyzing the costs and revenues for a different series of the chains, and then calculate the profits and value added in each of its chain .The results showed that the achieved profits by the producers of the wheat crop was 384258 dinar / dunum, while the value by weight was 371263.9 dinar / ton, The added value of the wheat producers and the marketing chain when the grain is delivered by  (local wholesalers) was 212000.8 ID / ton, while the added value for crop producers and the marketing chain was 347000.8 dinar / ton when the crop is delivered by government Grain Stores , this represents a significant difference between the values by 135000 dinars that representing 39% of the total added value, while the added value of local traders was 88000 dinar / ton for first class grain and 48000 dinar / ton to second class grain . Also research identified many problems and obstacles that face the value chain of wheat , which have negative and reflective effects on the wheat production cycle and the added value, which were cleared by the questionnaire. These include: high costs of automation and fields preparation for cultivation , which is equal 52% of the total variable costs. As well as the high costs of production requirements included: fertilizers, seeds, fuel, oil , electricity, and control materials. Etc.), which was 22%, 8.1%, 7.6% and 5.4%, respectively, and inadequate quantities that received from the state, in addition the marketing which suffers from many problems and obstacles and boring routine and inefficiency of its operating systems which has lost confidence in the direct dealings between farmers and management of state stores, Finally the research included several conclusions and recommendations to the relevant authorities for solving the problems and obstacles in the value chains of the wheat crop in Iraq to increase the competitiveness of this crop in the local and regional market.