bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A survey of outpatient Internal Medicine clinician perceptions of diagnostic error
Authors: Matulis John C. , Kok Susan N. , Dankbar Eugene C. , Majka Andrew J.
Published: January 2020

Background

Little is known about how practicing Internal Medicine (IM) clinicians perceive diagnostic error, and whether perceptions are in agreement with the published literature.

Methods

A 16-question survey was administered across two IM practices: one a referral practice providing care for patients traveling for a second opinion and the other a traditional community-based primary care practice. Our aim was to identify individual- and system-level factors contributing to diagnostic error (primary outcome) and conditions at greatest risk of diagnostic error (secondary outcome).

Results

Sixty-five of 125 clinicians surveyed (51%) responded. The most commonly perceived individual factors contributing to diagnostic error included atypical patient presentations (83%), failure to consider other diagnoses (63%) and inadequate follow-up of test results (53%). The most commonly cited system-level factors included cognitive burden created by the volume of data in the electronic health record (EHR) (68%), lack of time to think (64%) and systems that do not support collaboration (40%). Conditions felt to be at greatest risk of diagnostic error included cancer (46%), pulmonary embolism (43%) and infection (37%).

Conclusions

Inadequate clinician time and sub-optimal patient and test follow-up are perceived by IM clinicians to be persistent contributors to diagnostic error. Clinician perceptions of conditions at greatest risk of diagnostic error may differ from the published literature.
The chemical composition and antioxidant activity of essential oils and extracts of Dalbergia odorifera leaves
Authors: Ma Ruoke , Liu Heng , Shi Fujun , Fu Yunlin , Wei Penglian , Liu Zhigao
Published: January 2020

To analyze the chemical composition and evaluate the potential commercial value of Dalbergia odorifera leaves, the chemical component and content of the essential oils (EOs), fatty acids (FAs), polyphenols and flavonoids in the leaves of D. odorifera were studied. The composition of the EOs obtained by simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE) (at the yield of 0.092%) and hydro-distillation (HD) (at the yield of 0.050%) from D. odorifera leaves was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Seventy-six compounds were identified and the major compounds were phytol (22.5–24.3%), 4-vinylguaiacol (8.7–12.7%), dihydroedulan II (7.4–11.2%), γ-elemene (5.1–6.2%), cedrol (2.8–6.1%), coumaran (0.9–3.1%) and hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (2.5–2.7%). The FA yield extracted by ultrasound was 1.145% (w/w), and the most abundant FA components were palmitic acid (C16:0), oleic acid (C18:1) and linoleic acid (C18:2) in leaves. The results of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoli-ne-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS+) radical scavenging experiments demonstrated that the EOs and FAs possess strong antioxidant activity. The ethanol extract of the leaves had a high polyphenol content [16.00 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) g−1 dry weight (DW)] and flavonoid content [8.92 mg rutin equivalent (RE) g−1 DW]. This research has determined qualitatively and quantitatively the isoflavonoids (biochanin A, isoliquiritigenin, tectorigenin and genistein) by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS). The phytochemical analysis (EOs, FAs and flavonoids) of the extract showed that the D. odorifera leaf is a rich source of high bioactive compounds and might have the potential to be recommended for further cosmetics, food and pharmaceutical applications.
Septin architecture and function in budding yeast
Authors: Farkašovský Marian
Published: January 2020

The septins constitute a conserved family of guanosine phosphate-binding and filament-forming proteins widespread across eukaryotic species. Septins appear to have two principal functions. One is to form a cortical diffusion barrier, like the septin collar at the bud neck of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which prevents movement of membrane-associated proteins between the mother and daughter cells. The second is to serve as a polymeric scaffold for recruiting the proteins required for critical cellular processes to particular subcellular areas. In the last decade, structural information about the different levels of septin organization has appeared, but crucial structural determinants and factors responsible for septin assembly remain largely unknown. This review highlights recent findings on the architecture and function of septins and their remodeling with an emphasis on mitotically dividing budding yeasts.
Programmatic Access to FAIRified Digital Plant Genetic Resources
Authors: Ghaffar Mehmood , Schüler Danuta , König Patrick , Arend Daniel , Junker Astrid , Scholz Uwe , Lange Matthias
Published: January 2020

Genetic variance within the genotype of population and its mapping to phenotype variance in a systematic and high throughput manner is of interest for biodiversity and breeding research. Beside the established and efficient high throughput genotype technologies, phenotype capabilities got increased focus in the last decade. This results in an increasing amount of phenotype data from well scaling, automated sensor platform. Thus, data stewardship is a central component to make experimental data from multiple domains interoperable and re-usable. To ensure a standard and comprehensive sharing of scientific and experimental data among domain experts, FAIR data principles are utilized for machine read-ability and scale-ability. In this context, BrAPI consortium, provides a comprehensive and commonly agreed FAIRed guidelines to offer a BrAPI layered scientific data in a RESTful manner. This paper presents the concepts, best practices and implementations to meet these challenges. As one of the worlds leading plant research institutes it is of vital interest for the IPK-Gatersleben to transform legacy data infrastructures into a bio-digital resource center for plant genetics resources (PGR). This paper also demonstrates the benefits of integrated database back-ends, established data stewardship processes, and FAIR data exposition in a machine-readable, highly scalable programmatic interfaces.
Pivots of the Caribbean? Low-back vowels in eastern Caribbean English
Authors: Walker James A. , Meyerhoff Miriam
Published: January 2020

Resolving the convergence of low-back vowels in English constitutes a pivot with repercussions for the rest of the vowel system. We consider how speakers on an eastern Caribbean island co-opt the inherent variability of vowel systems to differentiate themselves. Examining the vowels of Bequia English (St. Vincent and the Grenadines) shows the main source of variation to lie in the position and duration of four low back vowels (cloth, lot, palm, thought), which do not act as the same pivot point for realignment of the vowel space as in North American English. The crucial distinction between transmission and diffusion lies at the heart of our findings: principles of language change derived from varieties characterized by transmission may differ from principles associated with histories of diffusion central to many contact and creole varieties.
Swimming behavior and performance of the marsh rat Holochilus vulpinus (Brants, 1827) (Cricetidae, Sigmodontinae)
Authors: Torres Julio , Santori Ricardo T. , Rocha-Barbosa Oscar , Candela Adriana M. , Pardiñas Ulyses F.J.
Published: January 2020

Semiaquatic habits evolved in several Sigmodontinae rodent species, but this issue remains poorly studied. The marsh rat Holochilus vulpinus (Brants, 1827) has been associated with palustrine wetland environments and exhibits several morphological traits related to the semiaquatic habit. However, its swimming behavior and the way its morphological specializations contribute to it have not been evaluated so far in this species. This note focuses on describing and quantifying the swimming behavior and swimming performance of H. vulpinus. In order to address these issues, five individuals of H. vulpinus, four adults and one subadult, were filmed while swimming and their performance was quantified. The obtained results indicate that the swimming mode is bipedal paddling, alternating the stroke of the hind feet. The quantitative indicators also qualify H. vulpinus as a good swimmer compared to other terrestrial and semiaquatic mammals.
On a new convergence in topological spaces
Authors: Ruan Xiao-jun , Xu Xiao-quan
Published: January 2020

In this paper, we introduce a new way-below relation in T0 topological spaces based on cuts and give the concepts of SI2-continuous spaces and weakly irreducible topologies. It is proved that a space is SI2-continuous if and only if its weakly irreducible topology is completely distributive under inclusion order. Finally, we introduce the concept of 𝓓-convergence and show that a space is SI2-continuous if and only if its 𝓓-convergence with respect to the topology τSI2(X) is topological. In general, a space is SI-continuous if and only if its 𝓓-convergence with respect to the topology τSI(X) is topological.
Crystal structure of 5H-dibenzo[c,f][1,5]oxabismocin-12 (7H)-yl acetate, C16H15O3Bi
Authors: Tan Nianyuan , Wu Shuisheng , Lan Donghui , Au Chak-Tong , Yi Bing
Published: January 2020

C16H15O3Bi, orthorhombic, Pna21 (no. 33), a = 17.277(3) Å, b = 4.7288(8) Å, c = 17.776(3) Å, V = 1452.3(4) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0292, wR(F
2) = 0.0678, T = 296 K.
Enhanced flexural properties of aramid fiber/epoxy composites by graphene oxide
Authors: Wu Yinqiu , Tang Bolin , Liu Kun , Zeng Xiaoling , Lu Jingjing , Zhang Tongtong , Shen Xiaojun
Published: January 2020

The reinforcing effect of graphene oxide (GO) in enhancing the flexural strength and flexural modulus of aramid fiber (AF)/epoxy composites were investigated with GO-AFs at a weight fraction of 0.1-0.7%. The flexural strength and flexural modulus of the composite reached 87.16 MPa and 1054.7 MPa, respectively, which were about 21.19% and 40.86% higher than those of the pure epoxy resin, respectively. In addition, the flexural properties and interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of composite reinforced by GO-AFs were much higher than the composites reinforced by AFs due to GO improved the interfacial bonding between the reinforcement material and matrix.
A complete overview of REEP1: old and new insights on its role in hereditary spastic paraplegia and neurodegeneration
Authors: Guglielmi Alessio
Published: January 2020

At the end of 19th century, Adolf von Strümpell and Sigmund Freud independently described the symptoms of a new pathology now known as hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). HSP is part of the group of genetic neurodegenerative diseases usually associated with slow progressive pyramidal syndrome, spasticity, weakness of the lower limbs, and distal-end degeneration of motor neuron long axons. Patients are typically characterized by gait symptoms (with or without other neurological disorders), which can appear both in young and adult ages depending on the different HSP forms. The disease prevalence is at 1.3–9.6 in 100 000 individuals in different areas of the world, making HSP part of the group of rare neurodegenerative diseases. Thus far, there are no specific clinical and paraclinical tests, and DNA analysis is still the only strategy to obtain a certain diagnosis. For these reasons, it is mandatory to extend the knowledge on genetic causes, pathology mechanism, and disease progression to give clinicians more tools to obtain early diagnosis, better therapeutic strategies, and examination tests. This review gives an overview of HSP pathologies and general insights to a specific HSP subtype called spastic paraplegia 31 (SPG31), which rises after mutation of REEP1 gene. In fact, recent findings discovered an interesting endoplasmic reticulum antistress function of REEP1 and a role of this protein in preventing τ accumulation in animal models. For this reason, this work tries to elucidate the main aspects of REEP1, which are described in the literature, to better understand its role in SPG31 HSP and other pathologies.
Die klassische Mechanik als Transformationstheorie
Authors: Tietz Horst
Published: January 2020

Die Hamiltonsche Theorie kann vollständig durch kanonische Transformationen beschrieben werden. Das ist nichts Neues, denn der Übergang zur Matrizenmechanik beruht hierauf. Dennoch scheint eine auf dieser Auffassung basierende Darstellung in der Literatur zu fehlen, obgleich sie in anschaulicher und elementarer Form möglich ist. Dies zu zeigen, wird hier versucht.
Water-Oxidation Electrocatalysis by Manganese Oxides: Syntheses, Electrode Preparations, Electrolytes and Two Fundamental Questions
Authors: Melder Jens , Bogdanoff Peter , Zaharieva Ivelina , Fiechter Sebastian , Dau Holger , Kurz Philipp
Published: January 2020

The efficient catalysis of the four-electron oxidation of water to molecular oxygen is a central challenge for the development of devices for the production of solar fuels. This is equally true for artificial leaf-type structures and electrolyzer systems. Inspired by the oxygen evolving complex of Photosystem II, the biological catalyst for this reaction, scientists around the globe have investigated the possibility to use manganese oxides (“MnOx”) for this task. This perspective article will look at selected examples from the last about 10 years of research in this field. At first, three aspects are addressed in detail which have emerged as crucial for the development of efficient electrocatalysts for the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER): (1) the structure and composition of the “MnOx” is of central importance for catalytic performance and it seems that amorphous, MnIII/IV oxides with layered or tunnelled structures are especially good choices; (2) the type of support material (e.g. conducting oxides or nanostructured carbon) as well as the methods used to immobilize the MnOx catalysts on them greatly influence OER overpotentials, current densities and long-term stabilities of the electrodes and (3) when operating MnOx-based water-oxidizing anodes in electrolyzers, it has often been observed that the electrocatalytic performance is also largely dependent on the electrolyte’s composition and pH and that a number of equilibria accompany the catalytic process, resulting in “adaptive changes” of the MnOx material over time. Overall, it thus has become clear over the last years that efficient and stable water-oxidation electrolysis by manganese oxides can only be achieved if at least four parameters are optimized in combination: the oxide catalyst itself, the immobilization method, the catalyst support and last but not least the composition of the electrolyte. Furthermore, these parameters are not only important for the electrode optimization process alone but must also be considered if different electrode types are to be compared with each other or with literature values from literature. Because, as without their consideration it is almost impossible to draw the right scientific conclusions. On the other hand, it currently seems unlikely that even carefully optimized MnOx anodes will ever reach the superb OER rates observed for iridium, ruthenium or nickel-iron oxide anodes in acidic or alkaline solutions, respectively. So at the end of the article, two fundamental questions will be addressed: (1) are there technical applications where MnOx materials could actually be the first choice as OER electrocatalysts? and (2) do the results from the last decade of intensive research in this field help to solve a puzzle already formulated in 2008: “Why did nature choose manganese to make oxygen?”.
The financial burden of imaging tests conducted in the emergency department of a teaching hospital: a brief report
Authors: Mirbaha Sahar , Forouzanfar Mohammadmehdi , Saberinia Amin , Salimi Amir , Kariman Hamid , Farmahini Farahani Mozhgan
Published: January 2020

Objective: Each imaging technique has a special application and usage, and should be used in the right situation. Physicians choose the type of imaging technique by considering the type of tissue and the benefits and disadvantages of the imaging method as well as its financial burden on the patient. The aim of this study was to estimate the cost of imaging tests performed in the emergency department (ED) of an educational hospital and determine their financial burden on both the patients and the healthcare system of the country. Methods: This retrospective descriptive cross-sectional single-center study was conducted in Shohadaye Tajrish, an educational hospital, during one year. The study population consisted of all patients who had undergone some type of imaging (CT scan, ultrasound, radiography, magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) in the ED. The information was collected using a predesigned checklist. The costs of a variety of imaging methods for patients referred to the ED were calculated using different types of accounting units and PACS system. Results: The number of patients who visited the ED of the studied hospital during a one year period was 63507. The total cost of performing different types of imaging methods in the studied center throughout the one-year target period was 44018695695 Rials (≃$US 423745) (59.27% of which was spent on CT scan, 16.09% on ultrasound, 13.75% on plain radiography and 10.87% on MRI). Conclusion: According to the collected data, the total cost of radiology was 44018695695 Rials. The highest cost was related to CT scan modality, and the lowest belonged to MRI.
Evaluation of clinical symptoms and sonographic characteristics of femoral trochlear cartilage in primary knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Abbasi Bita , Pezeshki-Rad Masoud , Amini Mozhdeh , Foroughian Mahdi , Sahebar Maryam , Nekooei Sirous , Akhvan Reza
Published: January 2020

Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the clinical symptoms and sonographic characteristics of femoral trochlear cartilage in patients with knee joint osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 94 patients with painful primary knee OA according to the American College of Rheumatology criteria with a visual analog scale pain score of 30 mm or more. Clinical features were evaluated by a rheumatologist according to the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) criteria, and a radiologist performed ultrasonography within a week. The thickness and echogenicity grade of three cartilage regions were evaluated. Other findings such as meniscal extrusion, effusion, and Baker’s cyst were recorded. Results: The average age of patients was 60 years. The linear regression model showed a significant association of grades II and III trochlear cartilage injury with the pain index, physical activity, and WOMAC overall index. However, there was no significant association between the trochlear cartilage thickness in these three regions and the WOMAC indexes (including pain, physical activity, and the overall index). There was also no significant association between Baker’s cyst and the WOMAC indexes, but a significant association was found between meniscal extrusion and the WOMAC index (P≤0.001). Conclusion: According to our study, the echogenicity grade determined by ultrasonography of femoral trochlear cartilage affects the clinical symptoms of patients including pain. These findings indicate the role of this diagnostic device in understanding changes due to the disease, and it can help physicians focus on the pathology in order to control clinical symptoms in patients.
Evaluating the diagnostic value of nitrite test in comparison with U/S results in patients with urinary tract infection symptoms: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Zamani Moghadam Hamid , Maleki Fatemeh , Ebrahimi Mohsen , Foroughian Mahdi
Published: January 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic value of nitrite test in comparison with urine culture (U/C) results in patients with Urinary tract infection (UTI) symptoms. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 203 patients with UTI symptoms. Middle urine sample was taken into sterile plastic containers, and simultaneously the urine sample and the nitrite test were done by the use of urine dipstick test. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 23. Results: The results of the urine culture test indicated that the highest excreted organisms in both sexes were E. coli (58.8%), Candida (17.6%), Klebsiella (8.8%), E. coli (MDR) (5.9%), Pseudomonas (2.9%), Enterococcus (2.9%) and Acinetobacter (2.9%). The results showed that there was a significant correlation between U/C and urine analysis (U/A) test results (P = 0.01), and in U/C positive results, U/A results were significantly positive for UTI. Other findings showed a significant relationship between the results of nitrite one and nitrite two tests (P = 0.001). There was a significant correlation between urinary, and nitrite1 levels (P = 0.04). Also, in this study, the sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic tests for U/A and nitrite 1 and 2 with U/C were calculated as the Golden Standard method. Conclusion: Overall, the results of this study showed that the negative nitrite test and urine dipstick test could be performed in emergency cases to prevent ectopic dysfunction and inadequate diagnosis. Also, it can reduce the unreasonable expenses for U/A.
Relationship between temperament and character personality dimensions among suicide attempters in an Iranian population
Authors: Shafiee-Kandjani Ali Reza , Amiri Shahrokh , Sarihi Nima , Hosseini Elham , Safikhanlou Salman , Jafarzadeh-Ghareziaaddin Mohsen
Published: January 2020

Objective: Two temperamental components that are mostly associated with suicide are high novelty seeking (NS) and high harm avoidance (HA). This study aimed to evaluate the temperament and character personality dimensions of self-poisoning in suicidal attempters in an Iranian population. Methods: A descriptive-analytic study was conducted with random sampling in which 77 self-poisoning patients and equal normal counterparts were selected. Cloninger’s Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and clinical interview were used as study procedures. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 18 using chi-square, MannWhitney U and regression. P values<0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Findings showed that people attempting suicide were significantly different from general population in terms of character and temperament. NS and HA yielded high scores in the suicide group, while reward dependence (RD), self-directedness (SD), cooperativeness (CO) and self-transcendence (ST) variables revealed significantly higher scores in the healthy group. No significant difference was observed among suicide attempters in terms of gender. Conclusion: The results confirm the difference between non-suicidal individuals and suicide attempters in terms of character and temperament in a way that suicidal patients have high harm-avoidance and introversion. In addition, the history of attempts and early alcohol consumption might be considered as suicide re-attempt predictors.
Efficacy of rescue blanket versus conventional blanket in terms of preventing accidental hypothermia during patient transfer by emergency medical service: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Saberian Peyman , Sadeghi Mostafa , Hasani-Sharamin Parisa , Modaber Maryam , Farhoud Amirreza , Aghili Mehrad
Published: January 2020

Objective: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of rescue blankets with conventional blankets in terms of preventing hypothermia in the pre-hospital setting. Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, patients older than 18 years old with Cold Discomfort Scale (CDS) > 2, and those who were transferred to the emergency department (ED) by emergency medical service entered the study. Patients were randomly divided into two groups based on the type of transfer. In this regard, one group was transferred with rescue blankets and the other group was transferred with conventional blankets. The tympanic temperature in patients and CDS were recorded before the use of blanket (primary) and at the time of arrival in the ED (secondary). Results: Finally, 161 patients with the mean age of 45.31±19.8 years were included (63.4% were male). Totally, 88 cases (54.7%) were transferred with rescue blankets and 73 cases (45.3%) with conventional blankets. The mean of the primary tympanic temperatures in the rescue and conventional blanket groups were 36.20±0.84°C and 36.34±0.65°C, respectively (P=0.23). The mean of the primary CDS in rescue and conventional blanket groups were 6.55±1.95 and 5.89±2.29, respectively (P=0.05). Also, the mean of the secondary tympanic temperatures in the rescue and conventional blanket groups were 36.59±0.47°C and 36.76±0.48 °C, respectively (P=0.03). Besides, the mean of the secondary CDS in the rescue and conventional blanket groups were 2.64±2.80 and 2.41±1.29, respectively (P=0.48). Conclusion: According to the results, there is no significant difference in the tympanic temperature and CDS of the patients transferred with the rescue blanket compared with the conventional blanket.
Effect of Multi-Ingredient Preworkout Supplementation on Repeated Sprint Performance in Recreationally Active Men and Women
Authors: Gonzalez Adam M. , Pinzone Anthony G. , Bram Jonathan , Salisbury Jillian L. , Lee Sean , Mangine Gerald T.
Published: January 2020

Gonzalez, AM, Pinzone, AG, Bram, J, Salisbury, JL, Lee, S, and Mangine, GT. Effect of multi-ingredient preworkout supplementation on repeated sprint performance in recreationally active men and women. J Strength Cond Res 34(4): 918–923, 2020—The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of acute supplementation of a multi-ingredient preworkout supplement (MIPS), containing a proprietary blend of ancient peat and apple extracts, creatine monohydrate, taurine, ribose, and magnesium, on sprint cycling performance. Seventeen recreationally active men and women (23.2 ± 5.9 years; 172.9 ± 14.3 cm; 82.4 ± 14.5 kg) underwent 2 testing sessions administered in a randomized, counterbalanced, double-blind fashion. Subjects were provided either MIPS or placebo (PL) one hour before performing a sprint cycling protocol, which consisted of ten 5-second “all-out” sprints interspersed by 55 seconds of unloaded pedaling. Average power (PAVG), peak power (PPK), average velocity (VAVG), and distance covered were recorded for each sprint. Separate linear mixed models revealed decrements (p < 0.05) compared to the first sprint in PAVG (75–229 W) and PPK (79–209 W) throughout all consecutive sprints after the initial sprint during PL. Likewise, diminished (p ≤ 0.029) VAVG (3.37–6.36 m·s−1) and distance covered (7.77–9.00 m) were noted after the third and fifth sprints, respectively, during PL. By contrast, during MIPS, only VAVG decreased (2.34–5.87 m·s−1, p ≤ 0.002) on consecutive sprints after the first sprint, whereas PAVG and PPK were maintained. In addition, a significant decrease (p = 0.045) in distance covered was only observed on the ninth sprint during MIPS. These data suggest that recreational athletes who consumed the MIPS formulation, one hour before a repeated sprinting session on a cycle ergometer, better maintained performance compared with PL.
Effects of an Acute Strength and Conditioning Training Session on Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry Results
Authors: Lytle Jason R. , Stanelle Sean T. , Kravits Danielle M. , Ellsworth Raychelle L. , Martin Steven E. , Green John S. , Crouse Stephen F.
Published: January 2020

Lytle, JR, Stanelle, ST, Kravits, DM, Ellsworth, RL, Martin, SE, Green, JS, and Crouse, SF. Effects of an acute strength and conditioning training session on dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry results. J Strength Cond Res 34(4): 901–904, 2020—The purpose of this study was to determine whether an athletic strength and conditioning (S&C) session will alter body composition estimates of a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan. Twenty-two strength-trained individuals (15 men, 7 women, 24 ± 2 years, 174.2 ± 8.5 cm, 83.5 ± 15.0 kg) volunteered to participate in the study. Each subject underwent 2 DXA scans, before and after completion of the S&C session, which consisted of upper- and lower-body resistance exercises and interval running. Subjects consumed a free-living meal before the first scan, after which only ad libitum water intake was consumed until completing the second scan. Results were analyzed through sex by time repeated-measures analysis of variance. If no interaction effect was observed, results were next analyzed through correlated t-test (α = 0.05). Significant sex by time interactions were observed for arm total and lean mass, as well as a significant main effect of time showing a decrease in arm lean mass after the S&C session. Values before and after the S&C session that resulted in significant differences via correlated t-test are displayed in Table 1. Results revealed a significant decrease in total mass, arm and leg percent fat, and trunk lean mass, and an increase in leg lean mass.
Centrifuge Modeling of the Impact of Local and Global Scour Erosion on the Monotonic Lateral Response of a Monopile in Sand
Authors: Li Q. , Prendergast L. J. , Askarinejad A. , Chortis G. , Gavin K.
Published: January 2020

The majority of offshore wind turbines are founded on large-diameter, open-ended steel monopiles. Monopiles must resist lateral loads and overturning moments because of environmental (wind and wave) actions, whereas vertical loads tend to be comparatively small. Recent developments in turbine sizes and increases in hub heights have resulted in pile diameters increasing rapidly, whereas the embedment length to diameter ratio (L/D) is reducing. Soil erosion around piles, termed scour, changes the soil strength and stiffness properties and affects the system’s load resistance characteristics. In practice, design scour depths of up to 1.3D are routinely assumed during the turbine lifetime; however, the impact on monopiles with low L/D is not yet fully understood. In this article, centrifuge tests are performed to assess the effect of scour on the performance of piles with low L/D. In particular, the effect of combined loads, scour type (global, local), and depth are considered. A loading system is developed that enables application of realistic load eccentricity and combined vertical, horizontal, and moment loading at the seabed level. An instrumented 1.8-m-diameter pile with L/D = 5 is used. A friction-reducing ball-type connection is designed to transfer lateral loads to the pile without inducing any rotational pile-head constraint, which is associated with loading rigs in tests of this nature. Results suggest that vertical and lateral load interaction is minimal. Scour has a significant impact on the lateral load-bearing capacity and stiffness of the pile, leads to increases in bending moment magnitude along the pile shaft, and lowers the location of peak pile bending moment. The response varies with scour type, with global scour resulting in larger moments than local scour. The size of the local scour hole is found to have a significant impact on the pile response, suggesting that scour hole width should be explicitly considered in design.
Calibration of Advanced Constitutive Model Using Optimization Techniques
Authors: Yeh Fu-Hsuan , Chuang Tsan-Shen , Tsai Fang-Jung , Ge Louis
Published: January 2020

Calibrating an advanced constitutive model is not a trivial task. Conventionally, a linear regression is used to calibrate a constitutive model using laboratory data; however, it is not sufficient to identify model parameters. Optimization methods can be used to calibrate the parameters of an advanced constitutive model. The optimization methods, including the DIRECT optimization algorithm, trust-region-reflective least squares, and genetic algorithms, are adopted in this article. The objective function is defined as the sum of the squared distances between laboratory data and model outputs with an appropriate weighting factor for suitable scaling. The use of the three optimization methods is illustrated by calibrating a modified fuzzy set plasticity model using laboratory data.
Effects of Waste Polyethylene on the Rheological Properties of Asphalt Binder
Authors: Ye Qunshan , Amirkhanian Serji , Li Jin , Chen Zixuan
Published: January 2020

Recycling of waste plastic is an issue of great concern worldwide because of its considerable quantity and growth. The effects of waste polyethylene (PE) on the rheological properties of asphalt binder were investigated in this research. Three types of PE were adopted to prepare modified binders with contents ranging from 2 to 6 %. A viscosity test, performance grade test, frequency sweep test, amplitude sweep test, and linear amplitude sweep test are conducted to study rheological properties of PE modified binders, compared with base binder and binders modified with styrene-butadiene-styrene and crumb rubber modifier. The test results indicated that the high temperature properties of asphalt binders could be effectively improved by the PE modifiers with different types and contents. The high temperature grade and rutting resistance factor of PE modified binder can be increased significantly when compared with the base binder. With the increased PE content, the complex modulus increased, whereas the phase angle values decreased in most test frequencies and shear strain, which implied that the usage of PE not only reinforced the viscosity of binders but also enhanced the elasticity. The fatigue properties of PE modified binders were improved, especially at the lower shear strain range. However, PE modifier had a negative effect for asphalt binder on low temperature property.
Uma breve visão geral dos últimos 10 anos das principais descobertas do Pleistoceno Superior no Velho Mundo: Homo Floresiensis, Neandertal, Denisovan
Authors: Neubauer Fernanda
Published: January 2020

Nos últimos dez anos, novos dados fósseis, arqueológicos e genéticos alteraram significativamente nossa compreensão sobre o povoamento do Velho Mundo no Pleistoceno Superior. Os pesquisadores há muito têm sido desafiados a definir o lugar da humanidade na evolução e a rastrear nossa filogenia. Diferenças na morfologia esquelética de fósseis de hominídeos muitas vezes levaram à nomeação de novas espécies distintas, mas descobertas genéticas recentes desafiaram a perspectiva tradicional, demonstrando que o DNA humano moderno contém genes herdados dos Neandertais e Denisovans, questionando assim seu status como uma espécie separada. A recente descoberta do Homo floresiensis da Ilha de Flores também levantou questões interessantes sobre a quantidade de diversidade genética e morfológica que estava presente durante o Pleistoceno Superior. Este artigo discute a natureza e as implicações da evidência em relação ao Homo floresiensis, Neandertais e Denisovans, e analisa brevemente as principais descobertas do Pleistoceno Superior nos últimos dez anos de pesquisa no Velho Mundo e sua importância para o estudo da evolução humana.
Abstract: In the last ten years, new fossil, archaeological, and genetic data have significantly altered our understanding of the peopling of the Old World in the Late Pleistocene. Scholars have long been challenged to define humanity’s place in evolution and to trace our phylogeny. Differences in the skeletal morphology of hominin fossils have often led to the naming of distinct new species, but recent genetic findings have challenged the traditional perspective by demonstrating that modern human DNA contains genes inherited from Neandertals and Denisovans, thus questioning their status as separate species. The recent discovery of Homo floresiensis from Flores Island has also raised interesting queries about how much genetic and morphological diversity was present during the Late Pleistocene. This article discusses the nature and implications of the evidence with respect to Homo floresiensis. Neandertals and Denisovans, and briefly reviews major Late Pleistocene discoveries from the last ten years of research in the Old World and their significance to the study of human evolution.
Quando os pescadores envelhecem: Identidade e idade avançada entre os construtores do Sambaqui Mar Virado, No Litoral Paulista
Authors: Martins de Alencar Soraya
Published: January 2020

A velhice não é um tema recorrente na arqueologia como nas outras disciplinas das ciências sociais e humanas, sendo mais frequentemente foco de atenção de pesquisas bioarqueológicas, com poucos estudos que investigam aspectos da identidade social, sobretudo no que se refere à questão produtiva. Os construtores de sambaquis se caracterizam como grupos de pescadores, caçadores coletores complexos, em que a organização social em torno da pesca pressupõe uma diferenciação por sexo e idade, onde os mais longevos são entendidos como atores passivos nessa atividade. O sítio Mar Virado, no litoral paulista, se destaca como um sambaqui insular e raso, particularidades que podem sugerir uma diversificação nas estratégias de pesca, que podem nos dizer como esse grupo etário interagia com essa atividade. As práticas funerárias podem elencar elementos sobre os objetos associados à essa atividade, em seus três componentes: os adornos que impactam na aparência física; os utilitários e os de caráter ritual. 
Abstract: The old age is not a common subject in archeology as in other social sciences and humanities disciplines, where is more often focus of bioarchaeological research, with few studies that investigate aspects of social identity, especially in concern to the productive question. The shell midden (sambaquis) builders are characterized as complex hunter-gatherer fishing groups, in which the social organization around the fishery presuppose differentiations by sex and age, where the elders are considered as passive actors in this activity. The Mar Virado site, in the coast of São Paulo State, stands out as an insular and flat sambaqui, particularities that may suggest a diversification in fishing strategies, which can tell us how this age group interacted with this activity. Funerary practices can list elements on the objects associated with this activity, in its three components: adornments that affect physical appearance, and the utilitarian and ritual characteristics objects.
Adubação fosfatada no desenvolvimento inicial de quinoa
Authors: Rodrigues Daniele Brandstetter , Almeida Andreia Da Silva , Konzen Luis Henrique , Reis Naiane De Almeida , Tunes Lilian Vanussa Madruga de
Published: January 2020

A espécie Chenopodium quinoa Willd., é pertencente à família Chenopodiaceae, e denomina-se pseudocereal por serem constituídos de carboidratos, lipídios, proteínas e fibras, sendo assim semelhante às características dos cereais, porém sem pertencer a mesma família botânica. Quanto à adubação sabe-se que a quinoa pode produzir, aproveitando-se de resíduos de outras culturas anteriormente cultivada, no entanto nota-se um expressivo incremento de rendimento tornando a correção do solo tanto em calagem quanto em adubação compensatória para o cultivo. Há baixa disponibilidade de fósforo (P) para as plantas cultivadas predominante dos solos brasileiros em função da sua grande adsorção à fase mineral. Assim com o presente trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar a resposta no desenvolvimento inicial, de crescentes doses de fósforo na cultura da quinoa. O experimento foi conduzido com a cultivar BRS Piabiru e os tratamentos foram constituídos de diferentes doses de fósforo (cinco doses do adubo fosfatado (superfosfato triplo) 0; 30,0; 60,0; 120,0; 240,0 kg ha-1 de P2O5). Após a colheita das plantas o material foi destinado para avaliação quanto à massa de matéria fresca, área foliar (folha), área foliar (caule) e massa de matéria seca.
El Mundo Hispano Sin Fronteras: uma proposta de curso Mooc Gamificado
Authors: Silva Guilmer Brito , Mercado Luis Paulo Leopoldo , Ortiz Delia Hilda
Published: January 2020

O Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) se apresenta como uma ferramenta valiosa na educação não formal, nas áreas de formação continuada e educação aberta, contribuindo para a democratização e disseminação de conhecimentos e favorecendo a aprendizagem. A construção de MOOC utilizando a gamificação por meio de um ambiente desafiador e motivante favorece ao maior engajamento dos participantes, colaborando com uma maior interação dos alunos com os materiais didáticos e atividades do curso. Este artigo relata aelaboração de cursos online abertos e massivos, utilizando a gamificação. Para isso, foi realizado um levantamento epistemológico sobre a temática dos MOOCs e da gamificação. Foi construído e ofertado um curso MOOC para o ensino de língua estrangeira (espanhol) visando a validação da proposta. Após a realização do curso e análise dos dados, concluiu-se que as aplicabilidades e potencialidades da gamificação são importantes para melhorar algumas fragilidades e especificidades de cursos MOOCs.
O Estado de Fluxo (Flow) na aprendizagem de alemão durante o uso da ferramenta Kahoot!: um olhar sobre o nível de desafio
Authors: Crespo Arthur Heredia , Rozenfeld Cibele Cecílio de Faria
Published: January 2020

O jogo como material didático para uso em processos educacionais não é algo novo, mas é a partir da percepção de seu potencial que ganha força, nos dias de hoje, o conceito de gamificação. O termo, derivado do inglês gamification,  foi cunhado em 2003 por Nick Pelling, que acreditava na riqueza da competição para envolver indivíduos nas mais variadas atividades cotidianas e, com isso, levá-los a obter um melhor rendimento. Nesse processo, Kapp (2012) reconhece a possibilidade de entrada dos alunos em Estado de Fluxo (Flow), que permite pleno envolvimento dos alunos com a atividade. Tomando tais conceitos como aporte teórico central, este trabalho apresenta o recorte de uma pesquisa de mestrado, que teve como objetivo analisar os elementos do Estado de Fluxo dos alunos durante o uso da ferramenta Kahoot! em sala de aula de alemão como língua estrangeira. Além disso, analisou-se, na pesquisa, os elementos de gamificação que caracterizam o funcionamento da ferramenta. O recorte para este trabalho recairá, porém, sobre o desafio, elemento relevante tanto para a gamificação quanto para constituição do Estado de Fluxo. Concluiu-se que os elementos que impactam no nível de desafio são, por exemplo, o papel do professor durante as atividades, questões linguísticas inseridas na atividade e a mecânica do jogo. Além disso, notou-se que os níveis de desafio variaram entre difícil, fácil e equilibrado.
Experiências de aprendizes de inglês da educação superior com o Kahoot: a colaboração e a multimodalidade em jogo
Authors: Tiraboschi Fernanda Franco , Sousa Laryssa Paulino De Queiroz , Figueiredo Francisco José Quaresmade , Lago Neuda Alves do
Published: January 2020

Neste texto, relatamos uma experiência de ensino-aprendizagem de língua inglesa com o uso do Kahoot, numa perspectiva que alia a pedagogia dos multiletramentos (COPE; KALANTZIS, 2000, 2009; KRESS, 2010; LEMKE, 2010; PAESANI; ALLEN; DUPUY, 2016; ROJO, 2012) à aprendizagem colaborativa (DONATO; MCCORMICK, 1994; FIGUEIREDO, 2005, 2006, 2015, 2019; LANTOLF; APPEL, 1994). Tal investigação se justifica pelo fato de que é preciso saber lidar com as constantes mudanças contemporâneas relativas às práticas multiculturais suscitadas pela globalização, bem como às linguagens multimodais proporcionadas pelos avanços tecnológicos. Este estudo de caso foi realizado em um contexto de educação superior com sete participantes que estavam cursando Letras-Inglês no primeiro semestre de 2018. Os dados apresentados provêm da descrição da atividade, das respostas dos participantes a questionários e das narrativas de aprendizagem escritas por eles. Como resultados destacam-se, principalmente, a promoção de práticas de leitura de textos multimodais e o desenvolvimento do diálogo colaborativo.
GABA-ergic Dynamics in Human Frontotemporal Networks Confirmed by Pharmaco-Magnetoencephalography
Authors: Adams Natalie E. , Hughes Laura E. , Phillips Holly N. , Shaw Alexander D. , Murley Alexander G. , Nesbitt David , Cope Thomas E. , Bevan-Jones W. Richard , Passamonti Luca , Rowe James B.
Published: January 2020

To bridge the gap between preclinical cellular models of disease andin vivoimaging of human cognitive network dynamics, there is a pressing need for informative biophysical models. Here we assess dynamic causal models (DCM) of cortical network responses, as generative models of magnetoencephalographic observations during an auditory oddball roving paradigm in healthy adults. This paradigm induces robust perturbations that permeate frontotemporal networks, including an evoked 'mismatch negativity' response and transiently induced oscillations. Here, we probe GABAergic influences in the networks using double-blind placebo-controlled randomized-crossover administration of the GABA reuptake inhibitor, tiagabine (oral, 10 mg) in healthy older adults. We demonstrate the facility of conductance-based neural mass mean-field models, incorporating local synaptic connectivity, to investigate laminar-specific and GABAergic mechanisms of the auditory response. The neuronal model accurately recapitulated the observed magnetoencephalographic data. Using parametric empirical Bayes for optimal model inversion across both drug sessions, we identify the effect of tiagabine on GABAergic modulation of deep pyramidal and interneuronal cell populations. We found a transition of the main GABAergic drug effects from auditory cortex in standard trials to prefrontal cortex in deviant trials. The successful integration of pharmaco- magnetoencephalography with dynamic causal models of frontotemporal networks provides a potential platform on which to evaluate the effects of disease and pharmacological interventions.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTUnderstanding human brain function and developing new treatments require good models of brain function. We tested a detailed generative model of cortical microcircuits that accurately reproduced human magnetoencephalography, to quantify network dynamics and connectivity in frontotemporal cortex. This approach identified the effect of a test drug (GABA-reuptake inhibitor, tiagabine) on neuronal function (GABA-ergic dynamics), opening the way for psychopharmacological studies in health and disease with the mechanistic precision afforded by generative models of the brain.
Geoeconomic Leverage of Natural Gas Resources in the Mediterranean
Authors: Mahdi Ahmed
Published: January 2020

This article examines the claim that Israel’s natural gas exports from its Mediterranean gas fields will give geopolitical leverage to Tel Aviv over the importing countries. Using the geoeconomic tradition of Klaus Knorr and others who wrote about applying leverage using economic resources to gain geopolitical advantage, it is argued that certain criteria have to be satisfied for economic influence attempts, and that Israel’s gas exports do not satisfy these criteria. They include the importer’s supply vulnerability, the supplier’s demand vulnerability, and the salience of energy as an issue between both countries. Israeli gas exports to Egypt are used as a case study.
Is there a Conflict between Security and Democracy in Morocco?
Authors: Morabety Ahmed El
Published: January 2020

This article explores the relationship between security and democracy in Morocco. It discusses the state’s behavior towards the popular uprisings, how it responds to the social movements demands, and how it manages the security unrests. Throughout, the discussion throws a light on the democratization process of the security sector, in particular, and on the trajectory of democratic transition in the kingdom, in general.