bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparación de dos protocolos de superovulación en donantes de embriones Braford
Authors: Yostar E. J. , Mujica I. F. , Stahringer R. C. , Capellari A.
Published: December 2021

La transferencia embrionaria es el proceso de colectar embriones (EMB) de una determinada hembra donante (DN) y transferirlos a otras receptoras para continuar la gestación. Los tratamientos superovulatorios (TS) se caracterizan por provocar respuestas muy variables por lo cual es imposible estimar el número de EMB que se recupera por DN. En base a la problemática referida a la gran variabilidad que presentan los TS, como así también basado en un ensayo preliminar, se propone comenzar la super ovulación (SPO) el día 3 después de sincronizar la nueva onda folicular. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la respuesta a dos TS en DN de la región Noreste Argentino. Se trabajó con 60 DN Braford de 5 cabañas asignadas aleatoriamente a dos TS (T1: n=30 y T2: n=30), en cada programa de colectas se trabajó con 12 DN. En T1 la SPO comenzó el día 3 (considerando día 0 al momento de la colocación de dispositivo de progesterona y 17 p estradiol) acortando de esta manera todo el tratamiento y concluyendo con la colecta de EMB el día 14 y no el 15 como en T2. Las variables analizadas fueron: estructuras totales subdivididas en: EMB transferibles, degenerados y ovocitos sin fertilizar. El número de EMB transferibles logrado fue de 7±1,19 y 6±0,98; EMB degenerados de 1±0,32 y 1±0,24 y ovocitos sin fertilizar de 3±0,86 y 7±0,83 en T1 y T2, respectivamente. La prueba de independencia arrojó evidencia estadísticamente significativa para declarar la asociación entre los tratamientos y las estructuras recuperadas en la colecta, con una frecuencia de 62% de EMB transferibles en T1 y 44% en T2 (p<0,0001). Se concluye que si bien el uso anticipado de hormona folículo-estimulante (FSH) en los TS no permitió mejorar la respuesta superovulatoria, puede ser utilizado estratégicamente sin afectar la producción de embriones.
Tolerancia al ejercicio submáximo en caninos obesos y braquiocefálicos en gran altura
Authors: Vera V. , Quiroz M. A. , Vargas P. A.
Published: December 2021

La prueba de marcha de 6 minutos (PM6M) se realizó para medir la tolerancia al ejercicio submáximo en pacientes con ciertas condiciones de salud y en la que se evalúan parámetros fisiológicos y distancia recorrida. Como parte del examen clínico, se realizó un estudio experimental de tipo transversal incluyendo tres grupos de animales: Grupo 1: braquiocefálicos, Grupo 2: obesos, Grupo 3: controles. Antes de comenzar se midieron las frecuencias cardiaca y respiratoria en cada individuo. Luego caminaron por seis minutos en un recorrido de 30 metros. Al final, los pacientes fueron reevaluados y se estableció la distancia recorrida (grupo 1: 349 +/- 65 m; grupo 2: 341 +/- 96 m; grupo 3: 414 +/- 65 m (p<0.05). Frecuencia cardiaca en reposo: grupo 1: 98 +/- 15 lpm, grupo 3: 84 +/- 11 lpm (p<0.05). No hubo diferencias entre grupos 1 y 2. Frecuencia cardiaca al final del recorrido: grupo 1: 112 +/- 12 lpm, grupo 2: 105 +/- 18 lpm, grupo 3: 88 +/- 11 lpm (p=0.001). Frecuencia respiratoria: no hubo diferencias entre los 3 grupos antes de comenzar la prueba, pero sí al final del recorrido: grupo 1: 50 +/- 11 rpm con incremento de 15 +/- 7.7 rpm al finalizar el recorrido, grupo 2: 54 +/- 11 rpm con incremento de 18 +/- 7 rpm al finalizar el recorrido y grupo 3: 39 +/- 8.2 rpm con incremento de 5.8 +/- 4.4 rpm al finalizar el recorrido (p<0.05 grupo 1 y 2 vs. 3). Braquiocefálicos y obesos no presentaron diferencias en las variables evaluadas y esto sugiere que los sistemas cardiovascular y respiratorio parecen estar sometidos a condiciones fisiopatológicas similares durante el ejercicio. Ello abre una puerta en la investigación sobre los efectos de la obesidad en caninos.
Comportamiento de la técnica ELISA de competición en el diagnóstico de anemia infecciosa equina (AIE)
Authors: Sandrigo G. , Martínez D. E. , Cipolini M. F. , Storani C. A. , Espasandin A. G.
Published: December 2021

La AIE es una enfermedad causada por un virus específico de los équidos, capaz de inducir una considerable morbilidad y mortalidad. Además, los animales infectados permanecerán en esa condición por el resto de su vida. El objetivo fue evaluar el comportamiento de la técnica de ELISAc en comparación con la IDGA (inmunodifusión en gel de agar) para el diagnóstico serológico de AIE en equinos provenientes de zonas endémicas del nordeste argentino. El trabajo se realizó con 94 muestras de equinos de diferentes establecimientos del nordeste argentino, zona en la cual la enfermedad es endémica. Se llevó a cabo el diagnóstico por medio de la técnica de IDGA y luego por la técnica de ELISAc de competencia. Se llevó a cabo el análisis de característica operativa del receptor y de concordancia (ROC). Se obtuvieron 66 resultados negativos y 28 positivos en cada una de las técnicas. Las concordancias entre la técnica de ELISAc comparándola con la de referencia IDGA con un nivel de confianza del 95%, arrojó un coeficiente Kappa de 0,89. El análisis ROC entre IDGA y ELISAc reveló que con una sensibilidad (Se) del 100% y una especificidad (Sp) del 95,45%, de las 28 muestras positivas para IDGA, 26 resultaron positivas para ELISAc. El área bajo la curva (AUC) obtenido fue de 0,997 y el índice de Youden fue de 0,95, demostrando que es una técnica eficaz para el diagnóstico de AIE en las condiciones evaluadas, teniendo en cuenta ello y sabiendo la importancia que tiene contar con un diagnostico efectivo y rápido para mejorar las situaciones contra la lucha de esta enfermedad, siendo de gran importancia poder incorporar la pericia en la rutina diaria, principalmente como técnica screening para esta enfermedad.
Efecto de dos diluyentes sobre la tasa de preñez por inseminación artificial laparoscopica en ovinos
Authors: Cely L. D. , Jaramillo C. X. , Fonseca M. J.
Published: December 2021

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar dos diluyentes comerciales para el congelamiento de semen ovino y determinar su efecto en la tasa de preñez al ser utilizados en inseminación artificial laparoscópica. El semen utilizado fue de un carnero Dorper adulto, cuyo eyaculado fue dividido en dos: una alícuota fue diluida con un diluyente comercial con base de lecitina de soya y la otra con un diluyente con base de yema de huevo. El semen fue criopreservado (100 x 106 espermatozoides móviles) y cada tipo de dilución fue utilizado para inseminar 15 ovejas. Las hembras fueron sincronizadas con esponjas intravaginales e inseminadas vía laparoscó- pica. El diagnóstico de preñez por ecografía se hizo a los 60 días del servicio. Los resultados indicaron una tasa de preñez de 85% con semen diluido en base de lecitina de soya y 78% con yema de huevo, no habiendo diferencias significativas entre tratamientos. Se concluye que la tasa de preñez obtenida con los dos diluyentes utilizados es similar, por lo cual ambos ofrecen los mismos beneficios a la hora de implementarlos en un programa reproductivo para la especie ovina, mediante inseminación artificial laparoscópica.
Neosporosis en caninos y bovinos
Authors: Pérez D. C. , Rojas O. J.
Published: December 2021

La neosporosis es una enfermedad que puede afectar a una amplia gama de huéspedes entre ellos caninos, bovinos, ovinos, caprinos, búfalos, ciervos, equinos y especies carnívoras, incluidos géneros silvestres. Dicha enfermedad es causada por Neospora caninum, parásito protozoario (coccidio) que genera un quiste de tejido intracelular perteneciente a la familia Sarcocystidae. Los caninos son los huéspedes definitivos y los hospedadores intermedios más comunes son los bovinos. El ciclo de vida de N. caninum se caracteriza por ser hete- roxeno facultativo complejo, que involucra un hospedador cánido definitivo, donde ocurre la replicación sexual y una gama de hospedadores intermediarios donde tiene lugar la replica- ción asexual. Después de pasar estas fases el canino elimina ooquistes a través de las heces contaminando así el alimento del ganado y por ende infectando al mismo. La transmisión vertical es la principal vía de contagio de los bóvidos tanto domésticos como silvestres. El signo característico de la neosporosis de las vacas es el aborto. En terneros y cachorros puede causar daños neurológicos.
Descripción de un caso clínico de Leishmaniasis canina
Authors: Cabrera A. M. , Betancourt D. A. , Carrillo N. G.
Published: December 2021

La leishmaniasis es una enfermedad parasítica ocasionada por un protozoario del género Leishmania, propagada a través de la picadura de insectos contagiados de la familia Phlebotomidae. Conforme menciona la Organización Mundial de la Salud, se cree que su incidencia aumenta conforme pasan los años. La afección es de tipo zoonótica. La patología y epidemiología de leishmaniasis puede mostrarse dependiendo de la especie del parásito, de las tipologías ecológicas de las zonas en donde se transmite y de la exposición anterior y presente ante el parásito. Por ello se presentará una forma visceral conocida como kala azar teniendo una alta mortalidad al no tratarla, ya que posee la capacidad de provocar brotes que conlleven a la muerte, caracterizada por la presencia de sucesos anormales de pirexia, disminución de peso, anemia y hepato-esplenomegalia. Una de las formas más frecuentes es la leishmaniasis cutánea, que provoca úlceras a nivel de la piel, las que son causantes de incapacidad grave; la leishmaniasis mucocutánea induce la pérdida parcial o total de las mucosas del área de la nariz, boca y garganta. Se han hallado casos de leishmaniasis en la mayoría de los países, tanto en regiones subtropicales como tropicales o de climas mediterráneos, ya que la presencia de la familia Phlebotomidae es alta. Con relación a los diagnósticos empleados para la identificación de leishmaniasis, se aplican técnicas morfológicas o técnicas de detección antigénica.
Review of the Kriging Technique Applications to Groundwater Quality
Authors: Azawi Hayat , Saleh May Samir
Published: December 2021

Kriging, a geostatistical technique, has been used for many years to evaluate groundwater quality. The best estimation data for unsampled points were determined by using this method depending on measured variables for an area. The groundwater contaminants assessment worldwide was found through many kriging methods. The present paper shows a review of the most known methods of kriging that were used in estimating and mapping the groundwater quality. Indicator kriging, simple kriging, cokriging, ordinary kriging, disjunctive kriging and lognormal kriging are the most used techniques. In addition, the concept of the disjunctive kriging method was explained in this work to be easily understood.
My mind is not the universe – where/what is the universe?
Authors: Yu Xiaoyang
Published: December 2021

In order to describe my findings/conclusions systematically, a new semantic system (i.e., a new language) has to be intentionally defined by the present article. Humans are limited in what they know by the technical limitation of their cortical language network. The conventionally-called “physical/objective reality” around my conventionally-called “physical/objective body” is actually a geometric mathematical model (being generated/mathematically-modeled by my brain) – it's actually a subset/component/part/element of my brain’s mind/consciousness. A reality is a situation model (SM). Our universe is an autonomous objective parallel computing automaton (aka state machine) which evolves by itself automatically/unintentionally – wave-particle duality and Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle can be explained under this SM of my brain. Each elementary particle (as a building block of our universe) is an autonomous mathematical entity itself (i.e., a thing in itself). Our universe has the same nature as a Game of Life system – both are autonomous objective parallel-computing automata. If we are happy to accept randomness, then it is obviously possible that all other worlds in the many-worlds interpretation do not exist objectively. The conventionally-called “space” does not exist objectively. “Time” and “matter” are not physical. Consciousness is the subjective-form (aka quale) of the mathematical models (of the objective universe) which are intracorporeally/subjectively used by the control logic of a Turing machine’s program directly-fatedly. A Turing machine’s consciousness or deliberate decisions/choices should not be able to actually/objectively change/control/drive the (autonomous or directly-fated) worldline of any elementary particle within this world. Besides the Schrodinger equation (or another mathematical equation/function which is yet to be discovered) which is a valid/correct/factual causality of our universe, every other causality (of our universe) is either invalid/incorrect/counterfactual or can be proved by deductive inference based on the Schrodinger equation (or the aforementioned yet-to-be-discovered mathematical equation/function) only. Consciousness plays no causal role (“epiphenomenalism”), or in other words, any cognitive/behavioural activity can in principle be carried out without consciousness (“conscious inessentialism”). If the “loop quantum gravity” theory is correct, then time/space does not actually/objectively exist in the objective-evolution of the objective universe, or in other words, we should not use the subjective/mental concept of “time”, “state” or “space” to describe/imagine the objective-evolution of our universe.
DAMPAK PEMBELAJARAN DARING DENGAN MEMBENTUK KELOMPOK PADA SETIAP PERTEMUANNYA
Authors: Ariyani Vina
Published: December 2021

Seperti yang sudah diketahui bahwa saat ini metode pendidikan yang banyak digunakan adalah student center, di mana student center ini memusatkan pembelajaran pada peserta didiknya. Dengan inovasi pembentukan kelompok pada saat belajar daring dan memberikan arahan agar peserta didik memahami materi yang akan dilombakan menurut saya akan manambah minat belajar peserta didik, terlebih lagi peserta didik nantinya akan mendapatkan poin disetiap pertanyaan yang berhasil mereka jawab. Maka dengan metode kelompok ini diharapkan peserta didik dapat lebih semangat untuk memahami materi pembelajaran dan memenangkan lomba tersebut.
Resume filsafat dakwah syekh yusuf al makassari
Authors: IKSAN MUHAMMAD
Published: December 2021

Pesan dakwah Syekh Yusuf Al-Makassari mencerminkan nilai-nilai Islam yang damai dan toleran terhadap kelompok agama lain sehingga jauh dari kesan anarkis dan ekstrim (Ansori, 2018). Seminar ini bertujuan untuk mengekplorasi kekayaan metode dan pesan dakwah Syekh Yusuf Al-Makassari yang moderat, damai dan toleran terhadap pemeluk agama lainnya serta memberi kesempatan yang sama pada setiap ras dan suku bangsa.
PENGGEMBALAAN YANG EFEKTIF BAGI GENERASI MILENIAL DI ERA SOCIETY 5.0
Authors: GULTOM JONI MANUMPAK PARULIAN
Published: December 2021

The results of the Barna Institute stated that 57% of children aged 18-29 years did not regularly worship. While a survey from Number Research in the age range of 15-18 years, adolescents who do not usually worship are 7.7%. That increased to 10.2% at the age of 19-22 years and reached 13.7% at this age of 23-25 years. Their level of concern for God and worship decreased drastically. The local church lost its way of shepherding them. Shepherd stewardship did not develop linearly with the development of social media. How should shepherd be? What strategies are used be in face-to-face pastoral care and virtual spaces? This paper aims to restore the quality of pastoring function and bridge the logical church pastoring caretaker with the virtual world. The research method used is a qualitative method with literature study and observation. This research hoped to maximize the shepherding and discipleship of millennial children. So that millennial children experience spiritual growth, remain committed to shepherding, and contribute to local and virtual services on an ongoing basis
Filsafat Dakwah Syaikh Yusuf Al-Makassary
Authors: Badar Nurmin
Published: December 2021

Ringkasan ini berisi tentang Filsafat Dakwah Syekh Yusuf Al-Makassary yang berjudul Agama dan Bayang-Bayang Etis Syaikh Yusuf Al-Makassari. Buku ini merupakan hasil penelitian yang dilatarbelakangi oleh kerisauan penulis terhadap krisis keindonesiaan pasca- reformasi, yang berakibat pada rapuhnya kondisi sosial, ekonomi, dan politik, serta krisis moralitas yang melanda sebagian besar masyarakat Indonesia.
Resensi Buku: Kisah Para Rasul (Emil Balliet)
Authors: Leonarfan
Published: December 2021

MenelusurikembaliisikitabparaRasuldenganseksamabukuiniadalamrangkumankomplit dariisikitabpararasulmulaidariYesusterangkat,menampakkandiripadamuridmurid,turun,nyaRohKudus,pelayananparaMuridsertapenderitaanpenganiayaanyangmereka terimakarenapemberitaaninjil.Keberanianparamuridmuridpundalambukuinidijelaskan yangawalnyamerekaadalahseorangtidakterpelajardanhanyaorangorangbiasanamun beranimemberitakaninjilKristus,mujisatdantandatandayangmerekalakukanjuga dijelaskanulangdalambukuiniuntuklebimemperluaspengertianparapembaca,kutipan perjanjianLamajugadipakasepertinubuatannubuatanMesiasyangakandatang,dosapara bangsaisrael,dankaryapenebusanKristussebagaijaminankeselamatanbagidosaumat manusiainiadalahcarayangdipakaiolehparamuriddalammemberitakanmenguatkan argumenyangmerekasampaikandengantujuanmemberipenguatanimankepercayaanpara murid..
Is it now time to remove that question mark?
Authors: Vuong Quan-Hoang
Published: December 2021

Now, looking back at the title of this short piece, I cannot refrain from laughing at the question mark (?) right after the word “question mark”. It is a question about another 10-year-old question.
Filsafat Dakwah Syaikh Yusuf Al-Makassary
Authors: Mursalin Muflih
Published: December 2021

Ringkasan ini berisi tentang Filsafat Dakwah Syekh Yusuf Al-Makassary yang berjudul Agama dan Bayang-Bayang Etis Syaikh Yusuf Al-Makassari. Buku ini merupakan hasil penelitian yang dilatarbelakangi oleh kerisauan penulis terhadap krisis keindonesiaan pasca- reformasi, yang berakibat pada rapuhnya kondisi sosial, ekonomi, dan politik, serta krisis moralitas yang melanda sebagian besar masyarakat Indonesia.
rangkuman filsafat dakwah syekh yusuf al makassary
Authors: Alwi Nur Fadillah
Published: December 2021

Keinginan Syaikh Yusuf untuk belajar patut dijadikan teladan. Meskipun derajat ilmunya sudah tinggi, Syaikh Yusuf tidak berhenti menuntut ilmu. Jika terjadi penyimpangan, Syaikh Yusuf tidak segan-segan untuk menyampaikan pandangan atau kritiknya, meşkipun, misalnya, di lingkungan istana, tempat ia dibesarkan. Syaikh Yusuf langsung menemui raja dan berdialog dengan tujuan untuk mengingatkan raja. Jika raja tidak mengikuti pendapatnya, Syaikh Yusuf meminta izin untuk hijrah dengan ulasan unluk memperdalam ilmu (Mustari Mustafa, 2011:30).
Hal-hal yang dapat merasa akidah
Authors: Salmawati  , FADHILAH AISYAH , KURNIA
Published: December 2021

Makalah ini membahas tentang hal-hal yang dapat merusak akidah
RINGKASAN FILSAFAT DAKWAH SYAIKH YUSUF AL-MAKASSARY
Authors: Tiasi Jalus Yusnia
Published: December 2021

Penulisan ringkasan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan memahami tentang bagaimana biografi dari Syaikh Yusuf Al-Makassary beserta karya-karyanya dan tokoh-tokoh yang berpengaruh didalamnya. Kemudian, kita juga dapat mengetahui apa saja basic pemikiran etika religius, pesan etis dalam karya, dan refleksi teoretis etika religious dari Syaikh Yusuf Al-Makassary. Untuk memudahkan dalam memahami isi buku ini, maka dibuatlah ringkasan yang diambil langsung dari isi buku tersebut.
Arti Pentingnya Toleransi Antar Agama Dalam Persatuan Dan Kesatuan Bangsa Indonesia
Authors: Agustina Nine Wahyu
Published: December 2021

Toleransi Beragama adalah sikap untuk saling menerima dan keterbukaan terhadap adanya umat dengan agama yang beragama. tidak peduli terhadap agama apa yang dianut, setiap orang selayaknya dapat saling menghargai satu dengan yang lain. Tujuan dari toleransi beragama yaitu untuk membuat suasana atau situasi yang harmonis serta meningkatkan persatuan dan kesatuan Bangsa indonesia merupakan Negara Multicultural dengan berbagai keragaman antara lain: suku,ras,bahasa dan juga agama. keberagaman ini merupakan asset bangsa indonesia yang harus dijaga dan dirawat bersama . keberagaman dalam beragama merupakan sebuah kenyataan yang tidak dapat dihindari. sehingga setiap umat beragama mempunyai kewajiban untuk mengakui sekaligus menghormati agama lain tanpa membedaka-bedakan ,seperti makna "semboyan Bhineka Tunggal Ika yaitu berbeda-beda tetapi tetap satu jua.
Ringkasan Filsafat Dakwah Syekh Yusuf Al-Makassary
Authors: Alvin
Published: December 2021

Didalam resume ini dijelaskan karya_karya Syaikh Yusuf Al_makassary dan tokoh-tokoh yang berpengaruh terhadap karya karya beliau.selain itu didalam resume ini juga membahas tentang basis etika relegius Syaikh Yusuf Al_makassary mulai dari Hakikat, makrifat Tarekat dan syari,at Di resume ini juga membahas tentang biografi Syaikh Yusuf Al_makassary mulai dari masa kelahiran Syaikh Yusuf Al_makassary , pendidikan sampai pada masa kepribadianya.
Kesehatan ibu nifas
Authors: atira Nurul
Published: December 2021

Kesehatan reproduksi pada wanita merupakan persoalan tentang seksualitas dan reproduksi yang terkait dengan pelayanan pemeriksaan kehamilan, proses persalinan, dan pengobatan pasca persalinan. Angka kematian ibu dan angka kematian bayi merupakan indikator kesehatan reproduksi di mana di Indonesia masih tinggi dibandingkan dengan negara lainnya
PSIKODRAMA TERAPI
Authors: Lopuhaa Freeska Anjelly
Published: December 2021

Tujuan dari psikodrama ini adalah membantu seorang remaja atau sekelompok remaja untuk mengatasi permasalahan pribadi dengan menggunakan permainan peran, drama, atau terapi tindakan. Lewat cara-cara ini remaja dibantu untuk mengungkapkan perasaan-perasaan tentang konflik, kemarahan, agresi, perasaan bersalah, dan kesedihan. Psikodrama pada dasarnya adalah melakukan aksi (pertunjukan drama) dengan dorongan jiwa. Maka bisa didefinisikan bahwa psikodrama adalah ilmu yang mengeksplor suatu masalah dengan metode drama.
e-Quantum leap on a data highway: Planning for electric minibus taxis in sub-Saharan Africa's paratransit system
Authors: Booysen MJ , Abraham Chris , Ndibatya Innocent , Rix Arnold
Published: December 2021

Minibus taxis are ubiquitous in the developing cities of the Global South. This versatile, and somewhat chaotic public transport system is now faced with the need to move to renewable energy. But the looming roll-out of electric vehicles poses a threat to the already fragile electrical grids of African cities. This chapter evaluates the energy requirements of decarbonisation and evaluates two types of data, passenger-based and vehicle-based, from research in South Africa that has modelled these taxis. Using these two data capture methods, we assess the energy requirements and charging opportunities for electric minibus paratransit in three African cities and compare the results of the two methods to assess their suitability for planning minibus taxi electrification.
From Individual Cognitive Maps to a Collective Cognitive Map: Prescriptive Guidelines and Measurement of Factors that Could Distort the Mapping Process
Authors: Cheng You , Chrastil Liz
Published: December 2021

In the collective navigation scenario of a trio exploring in a foreign city, we propose a theoretical piece, which is a prescriptive guideline describing rational ways that can enable the trio to form a collective cognitive map. The guidelines center around three stages of exploration: the initial gathering of information, coming together to plan a route in the new city, and executing the exploration plan. Depending on the desires and goals of the group, they might explore together for some or all of the time, splitting up only when their individual goals diverge. The guidelines suggest an optimal plan for these different possibilities. We propose that a collective cognitive map is formed and improved during the entire cognitive navigation process as demonstrated by the trio drawing sketch maps, creating place maps, and revising other people’s place maps. However, multiple factors could distort the navigation process at various points in the proposed prescriptive guidelines. These factors include individual differences (e.g., personal navigation ability, navigation anxiety, and sex), group dynamics (e.g., leaders and followers, group strategies), and the impact of the environment (e.g., language, culture, safety, and spatiality). We describe a thought experiment for testing collective navigation, including the measurement of these factors and the corresponding possible distortions in the collective map caused by these factors. Finally, we discuss future research directions, including using virtual environments and commercial applications. By utilizing our model, people can be flexible in resolving conflicting information during goal planning while still navigating efficiently.
Digital Pitfalls: The Politics of Digitalization in Bangladesh
Authors: Aziz Abdul
Published: December 2021

The state-led investment in digital infrastructure under the ruling party’s political agenda of “Digital Bangladesh” has given rise to scholarly and policy debates, especially around issues of digital surveillance and media censorship. Such concerns have intensified during the COVID-19 pandemic. This article analyzes contemporary Bangladesh in the context of emerging trends related to the digitalization of society. In particular, I employ the concept of “digital pitfalls” to explore the state’s use of surveillance and the politics of fear to limit freedom of expression and silence critical voices in the digital age.
Equality, Reciprocity, or Need? Mitigating Ethnocentric Bias in Policy Evaluation with Distributive Fairness
Authors: Findor Andrej , Hruška Matej , Hlatky Roman , Hrustič Tomáš , Bošeľová Zuzana
Published: December 2021

The literature on welfare chauvinism shows that ethnocentrism reduces support for outgroup redistribution. To limit bias, scholarship suggests framing policies universally or addressing beneficiary deservingness. However, policies to support disadvantaged groups and ensure equity cannot always be framed in universal terms. Moreover, dominant groups often hold minoritized groups to a deservingness double standard. Thus, we ask: what are effective ways of mollifying ethnocentric bias in policy evaluation? We argue that principles of distributive justice -- normative justifications for who should get what and why -- can reduce ethnocentric bias. We test through three experiments in Slovakia and with the Roma as the outgroup. Frames using the distributive principle of reciprocity reduce ethnocentric bias amongst majorities; conversely, frames centered around the principle of need garner minority support. Given salient anti-Roma prejudice, we consider our findings a floor. For less stigmatized outgroups, reciprocity frames may bolster support for redistributive policies even further.
Work Hours Instability and Child Poverty: Response of the Safety-Net Programs
Authors: Cai Julie Y.
Published: December 2021

Despite established links among persistent unemployment, low wages, and children’s economic wellbeing, social scientists have yet to document how variability in work hours is linked to child poverty. Our knowledge of the safety net’s heterogeneous responses to work-hour instability is also limited. This is of critical importance for scholars and policymakers. Using nationally representative data collected every four months, this paper examines how intra-year work hour volatility is related to child poverty, measured through both the official poverty measure (OPM) and the supplemental poverty measure (SPM). It further assesses varying degrees of buffering effects of cash, in-kind benefits, and tax transfers on income in the context of work hour volatility. Results indicate that more than one in four households (26%) facing the greatest volatility lived under the poverty line. Black and Hispanic children, as well as those living with unpartnered single mothers, faced substantially higher variability in household market hours worked. Hispanic children experienced not only greater volatility in their caregivers’ work hours, but also higher poverty level, even after taking government programs into account. In-kind benefits are more effective in buffering household income declines resulting from unstable work hours, followed by tax transfers and cash benefits. The effectiveness of near-cash benefits is particularly salient among Black children and children of single mothers. These results provide new evidence to inform policy discussions surrounding the best ways to help socioeconomically disadvantaged families to retain benefits and smooth their income in the face of frequent variation in work hours and, thus, earnings.
Assessment of clinico-radiological and biochemical markers of rickets: A hospital based prospective follow up study
Authors: Kumar Sanjay , Jyoti Abha , Chaurasiya Tushar , Kumar Rajesh , Khan Nadeem Ashraf
Published: December 2021

Background: Rickets is a disorder of defective mineralization due to deficiency of calcium and vitamin D and is more prevalent amongst the developing nations. Rickets has been ranked amongst the five most prevalent diseases in children of developing countries. The diagnosis of rickets is based on clinical features, biochemical studies and radiological signs and confirmed by response to treatment.
Aims and Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical, radiological and biochemical markers of the rickets by measuring the markers at the time of presentation, at 6 weekly intervals and after completion of treatment with standard regimen for rickets.
Materials and Methods: 101 cases of nutritional rickets in age group 6 month to 18 years were allocated to receive combination therapy of calcium and vitamin-D according to their age and weight during a study period of 24 weeks. Radiographs (wrist and knee) and biochemical parameters (serum calcium, inorganic phosphate, alkaline phosphatase [ALP], and Vitamin-D), as well as clinical features, were evaluated at presentation, 6, 12, 18, and 24 weeks and response of treatment and markers were assessed at subsequent interval. clinical, radiological, biochemical parameters were evaluated statistically with Chi-square test for qualitative and 2 or more different variables by ANOVAs respectively. A P<0.05 was considered statistically significant analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21.0.
Results: At presentation, the mean dietary intake of calcium was low in all cases (6.11±0.78 mg/dl). Mean vitamin-D level was (23.05±8.14 ng/ml) indicative of vitamin-D deficiency. At the end of treatment (i.e., 24 weeks) clinical, radiological, and biochemical evidence of healing was observed. Normal serum ALP and complete radiological healing at 12 weeks was observed in 75% of subjects with the improvement of all markers.
Conclusion: Children with rickets having low dietary calcium intake and low serum Vitamin-D levels have maximum number of markers at presentation. After intervention of combination regimen of calcium and Vitamin-D, remarkable improvement in clinical, radiological, and biochemical markers was found.
Trends of variation of the laboratory parameters during the course of COVID-19 Illness
Authors: Goyal Anjali , Gadara Chandni , Patel Heta , Antani Misha , Suthar Nilay
Published: December 2021

Background: The coronavirus pandemic which had its origin in the Wuhan China has been spreading across the globe with far reaching complications and a variable clinical course. A variation of the laboratory parameters during the disease course remains a constant parameter to monitor the disease course and progression. Since the laboratory parameters are standardized globally, these may also act as uniform guidelines for the patients monitoring and treatment.
Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to serial charting of the laboratory parameters in the recovered and expired patients of COVID-19 and to determine an associated prognostic significance.
Materials and Methods: A retrospective observational study from the laboratory and medical records was conducted on the patients admitted from March 17, 2020, to May 31, 2020, at the tertiary care center dedicated to the treatment of RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 positive patients.
Results: The group of parameters showing a poor prognosis include a rising WBC count, high neutrophilic percentage, low lymphocyte percentage (<10) an NLR > 15, low lymphocyte monocyte ratio < 3, rising blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine levels, and serum electrolyte levels. The liver function tests variation reflecting a poor metabolic activity of the liver, namely, a low serum albumin and albumin globulin ratio, rising SGOT levels, and total bilirubin levels. A highly significant variation in the acute phase reactants showing an exponential rise such as the serum lactate dehydrogenase levels, serum ferritin, fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, and IL 6 levels an increased level of D Dimer (>3) and a prolongation of the APTT.
Conclusion: The variation of the laboratory parameters acts as a fair marker for the disease progression. Since the disease shows a variable progression with a sudden worsening of the clinical symptoms, a comprehensive monitoring of the laboratory parameters serves to diagnose and treat the disease progression.
Occurrence of COVID-19 in Kolkata slums during second surge
Authors: Mukhopadhyay J
Published: December 2021

Background: The clobber of COVID-19 brought a coup-de-grace to humanity in this modern era. New-norms of COVID-19 prevention although appear promising yet often adjunct with non-congruent compliance. The WHO has advocated house-to-house case-linked study to acquire facts on epidemiological and transmissibility traits of COVID-19 in low-income communities. Kolkata experienced the first wave of COVID-19 till November 20, expected second splatter in March 21.
Aims and Objectives: Thinking through a probable upswing of COVID-19 in Kolkata, it was felt prudent to study the occurrence of COVID-19 among residents of two different slums inter-alia study allied factors, if any.
Materials and Methods: The study was carried out in two different slums having 395 and 428 members, respectively, in South Kolkata from March 21 to August 21. Sanction was obtained from administrative authority as well from each individual. Questionnaire containing personal details, awareness, and observance of personal protective measures (PPM) on COVID-19 were sent to members through e-mode; those demurred, contacted in-person under new-norm. Data assembled was coded, tabulated and analyzed. Details of COVID-19 (RT-PCR+ve) cases confirmed by Government/private hospitals were incorporated as and when surfaced.
Results: Communities studied had comparable socio-demographic attributes including education, employment, and economic stand. About 93% of subjects from each slum knew most of the facets of PPM and stated practiced the same. Occurrence rates of COVID-19 were 15.2 and 16.2 per 1000 people of respective communities during study tenure. Majority of indisposed were smoker male (92%) from the lowest SES (53.8%), educated to primary/middle school (46%), and worked as vegetable seller (53.8%). All afflicted stated followed PPM except social distancing (77%) and sanitizer use (53.8%). All affected were smokers/quid-users and shared tobacco sticks/hand-smothered quid for mutual use regularly. The study unveiled unequivocal heterogeneity of COVID-19 transmission in Kolkata slums because of certain unattended socio-graphics besides optimistic reflective of PPM awareness/observance. PPM proffers protection no doubt but its effective role necessitates consistent conformity in the background of certain contextual considerations.
Conclusion: Further research in urban slums is contemplated to enhance the present effort to extricate facts that may lend a hand in COVID-19 prevention tomorrow.
Role of magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosis and grading of perianal fistulas
Authors: Saurabh S Kakani  , Dahiphale Devidas B , Padiya Saurabh G , Dugad Vimal G , Pole Shivaji M , Poddar Tanushree A
Published: December 2021

Background: Fistula-in-ano can be defined as a hollow tract or cavity which is lined by granulation tissue. In case of fistula-in-ano, one end of this fistula opens in the anal canal whereas the other end is located in perianal area. Fistula-in-ano can considerably affect quality of life of an individual because of perianal discharge of blood and pus. Imaging of these fistulas is an important part of management and MR imaging is important in assessing relationship between the fistulous tract and sphincter muscles. Moreover, MR imaging can reliably demonstrate transmural inflammation, secondary tracts/ramifications, and abscesses which cannot be diagnosed on the basis of conventional fistulography.
Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate role of MRI in diagnosis and grading of perianal fistulae.
Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective observational study, in which 60 patients with fistula-in-ano were included on the basis of a predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. MR imaging of patients was done by 1.5 T MRI machine. Before MR imaging normal saline was injected in the fistulous tract from secondary/external opening, that is, opening around perianal area. Three plane images were obtained in all the cases. T1W, T2W, and STIR image sequences were obtained parallel to pelvic diaphragm. Coronal cuts were imaged parallel to anal canal. FAT suppressed T1W and T2W images in all cases. Type and grade of fistula were determined in all the cases. P < 0.05 was taken as statistically significant.
Results: Out of total 60 patients, there were 46 (76.66%) males and 14 (23.33%) were females with a M:F ratio of 1:0.30. The mean age of male and female patients was found to be 41.93±8.96 years and 44.04±7.46 years, respectively. The most common type of fistula was found to be trans-sphincteric fistula which was seen in 31 (51.6%) cases followed by intersphencteric fistula 22 (36.6%). Extrasphincteric and suprasphincteric fistulae were relatively uncommon and were seen in 4 (6.66%) and 3 (5%) cases, respectively. MRI was accurate in diagnosis of the tract with position of internal opening and any abscess cavity or secondary tract in 23 patients. Therefore, the diagnostic accuracy of MRI was found to be 95.4%.
Conclusion: MRI is an excellent tool in assessment of perianal fistula. It not only helps in precisely locating fistulous tract but also can demonstrate relationship between the fistulous tract and sphincter muscles. Moreover, it can very well demonstrate transmural inflammation, secondary tracts/ramifications, and abscesses which cannot be assessed by conventional fistulograms.
A comparative study of propofol based total intravenous anesthesia and sevoflurane based volatile induction and maintenance anesthesia on post-operative recovery profile in elective tonsillectomy
Authors: Ahmed Sarfaraz , Siddique Athar , Malshetwar Kalyani , Nagbhire Nitesh , S. D. Yennawar
Published: December 2021

Background: Tonsillectomies are common surgeries in day-to-day surgery practice particularly in pediatric age group. Recent trend is to conduct tonsillectomy surgery on a day care basis. It is important to use the best anesthetic option with the least recovery time to reduce the hospital stay of patient.
Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to compare recovery profile and side effects of Sevoflurane and Propofol as an anesthetic agent for tonsillectomy.
Materials and Methods: A total of 60 patients undergoing elective tonsillectomy were selected for the study. Each patient was randomly allocated to either the propofol (Group P) or the sevoflurane group (Group S). Time of surgery (From start to end of surgery), time of anesthesia (From the start of induction to end of surgery), time between the end of anesthesia and the spontaneous eye opening, and time between the end of anesthesia and the following of verbal commands. Time to extubation, time between the end of anesthesia, and the orientation to his or her name and the incidence of post-operative nausea and vomiting were compared in both the groups.
Results: The eye opening in Group P patients was found to be 8.9+1.21 min and that in Group S was 6.6+1.25 which was found to be statistically significant. The following of verbal commands in Group P was found to occur at 10.13+1.28 min, while that in Group S was found to be at 7.63+1.25 min, which was statistically significant. The time for extubation in Group P was found to be 11.17+1.29 min, while that in Group S was found to be 8.67+1.24 min, which was statistically significant. The duration for complete orientation in Group P was found to be 12.2+1.27 min, while that in Group S was found to be 9.43+1.04 min, which came out to be statistically significant. Hemodynamic parameters were found to be comparable in both the groups with no statistically significant difference in between then at any point of time (P>0.05).
Conclusion: Sevoflurane is a useful alternative to propofol in providing anesthesia where rapid emergence and recovery of cognitive functions are desired.
The science of “smell” and the noble for “hugs:” making “sense?”
Authors: Dhar Ruby , Kumar Arun , Karmakar Subhradip
Published: December 2021

David Julius and Ardem Patapoutian were jointly awarded the 2021 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine for their discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch. It was a phenomenal moment for the scientific community, more for the discovery that forms the basic fabric of our everyday life—ever imagined how life would have been without feeling the aroma around? Or even the dangers of accidentally touching a heated object. Dr Julius and Dr Patapoutian, independently discovered key mechanisms of how living organisms sense heat, cold, and touch. The journey started when Dr Julius, at the University of California, San Francisco, used a key ingredient in hot chili peppers to identify a protein in nerve cells that respond to these stimuli. Using capsaicin, the pungent component of chili peppers, he provided fundamental insights into mechanisms of pain. Then using a meticulous cDNA library-based functional screening from sensory neurons to search for the gene(s) that could confer capsaicin sensitivity, Dr Julius identified for the first time a novel ion channel (now called transient receptor potential [TRP] vanilloid 1) belonging to the family of TRP ion channels associated with the pain sensitivity. A painful exercise indeed!
While Prof Julius was exploring the oceans and skies to hunt for sensory pain pathways, quite independently, Dr Patapoutian of Scripps Research Institute La Jolla, California, was searching for a similar thing that seemed to bother him equally. How do we sense touches? After all, there are so many emotions packaged in this small five-letter word, touch. The mother’s touch is the first sensation that every single of us always cherishes. Dr Patapoutian research is centered around finding candidate genes in a mechanosensitive cell line that could respond to mechanical stimuli. After a thorough search, the team identified two mechanically-activated ion channels, PIEZO1 and PIEZO2, representing an entirely novel class of mechanical sensors-based ion channels.
What is fascinating is the idea that discovery of the smell and touch receptor stretches far beyond just touch and temperature sensations only. Mutations in other TRP channels are involved in neurodegenerative disorders and skeletal dysplasia, while mutations in PIEZO channels help control critical functions such as respiration and blood pressure regulation.
So now, the mysterious world surrounding us looks more transparent and clearer. The molecular landscape is defined with precision. We now have a chemical entity behind all these emotions and intuition. The warm hug that makes our day is now millions of ions crisscrossing the ion channels. There is a different side to this too. How will the world look if everything is defined as a chemical entity? Won’t we lose the charm? After all, so much within the subtleness remains charmful when wrapped within the veil of ignorance. Knowing too much about something steals the show.
Learning Strategies Applied by University Students in Distance Learning
Authors: Zormanova Lucie
Published: December 2021

This review study aims to provide an overview of previous research on learning strategies used by students studying in a distance-learning form. The basic sources for research were the Web of Science, Research, Gate and Google Scholar databases. We also proceeded with a subsequent search based on frequent citations, using the Internet search engine Google.In accordance with the aim of this study, we sought answers to the following research questions in the analysis:1. Which learning strategies are most frequently used by students studying in a distance-learning form?2. In connection with which factors influencing distance-learning outcomes are learning strategies examined?3. Which research methods are used to study distance-learning strategies?We came to the following conclusions: In distance learning, it is necessary to help students develop their autonomous learning competence, knowledge of diverse learning strategies and reflective use of learning strategies, and increase the repertoire of reading strategies used by students. For some distance-learning students, however, the use of diverse learning strategies poses an issue; adult distance-learning students use only a fairly limited repertoire of learning strategies. Adult students use only those learning strategies which have worked for them in the past and are therefore convinced of their effectiveness. The most frequently used learning strategies for distance-learning students are retelling the text in their own words, with which students check whether they have understood the text sufficiently, compilation of an overview of information based on the read text, and the use of mnemonics.In connection with the factors influencing distance-learning outcomes, research has shown that there is a relationship between the degree of cognitive development and the use of a broader repertoire of learning strategies. It was found that the effectiveness of learning in self-directed learning and the use of a wider repertoire of learning strategies are closely related to students’ mood, selfconfidence, self-assurance, and perseverance. In this study of learning strategies, quantitative and qualitative research methods are applied. However, mixed method research design is the most commonly used approach.
Muzyka na peryferiach uwagi. Od "musique d’ameublement" do audiomarketingu
Authors: Makomaska Sylwia
Published: December 2021

The book is an attempt to obtain the interdisciplinary insight into the musical culture of the 20th and 21st centuries through the prism of "acoustic wallpaper". The author indicates the connections between functional concepts, in which background music is an instrument of social influence (Muzak and audiomarketing), and artistic concepts (Erik Satie and musique d'ameublement, Brian Eno and ambient music) intended to create a neutral background filling the public space. She deals with the issues of acoustic engineering in the public space, combining three basic research perspectives: musicological, psychological and marketing, taking into account theoretical, historical and empirical approaches.