bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrating Crowd-donating and Islamic Crowd-investing to Achieve SDG#2 towards a Zero Hunger Society in the Post-crisis of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Purnamasari Ike , Kassim Salina
Published: June 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic, which hit humankind in late 2019, has immensely affected food-insecure people who are susceptible to chronic hunger. Hundreds of millions of people have already been suffering from hunger and malnutrition even before the virus hit. This has motivated various groups from the society to donate for the provision of food to those below the poverty line. In this regard, crowd-donating has a high potential to assist the affected communities, which will promote the prospect of Islamic crowd-investing in realizing the efforts of increasing food supplies that may reduce hunger. The purposes of this research are, first, to integration the potentials of crowd-donating and Islamic crowd-investing in realising a hunger-free society, and second, to develop the concept of a “one-stop-centre staple food solution” for supporting food sustainability. Systematic literature review research method is used in this study, specifically to review the potentials of crowd-donating and Islamic crowd-investing in reducing the impact of hunger on the society. This research delivers the concept of providing staple food for food insecure families through crowd-donating, and provides a conceptual overview of establishing a “one-stop-centre staple food solution” through Islamic crowd-investing to supply staple food and enable cheap transactions for people who are prone to hunger. It is hoped that the findings of this study may provide input as the basis for policy makers to create a hunger-free society through potential crowd-donating and Islamic crowd-investing, particularly for handling such a crisis during the current pandemic.
Pandemic Crisis: Malaysian Takāful Market
Authors: Mahadi Nur Farhah , Ismail Azman
Published: June 2021

With the progressive number of COVID-19 cases, this pandemic has adversely impacted the Takāful market in different forms containing liquidity impact, financial market volatility and solvency capital. This study describes the Malaysian takāful and insurance market throughout the COVID-19 crisis as well as its response to alleviate the burden faced by policyholders/ certificate holders of life insurance and family takāful plans from the economic and Sharīʽah point of views. Qualitative approach is applied in this study to collect information, documents and data accordingly concerning to the topic discussed. The data will be explored using qualitative content, narrative, and discourse analysis to deliver its results and discussion. By understanding the precarious scenario of the Malaysian takāful and insurance market during the COVID-19 pandemic, we can further enhance the support to the regulator who has taken the initiative to direct the insurance and takāful industry to initiate adequate response to facilitate policyholders/ certificate holders during the outbreaks and decide what the best way forward would be as aligned with Maqāṣid al-Sharīʽah. This will ensure its positive impact in the Takāful market, not only to nurture sustainability in our ecosystem, stabilize the socio-economic but to safeguard policyholders/certificate holders accordingly so they could withstand pre, present and post pernicious outbreaks and pandemics. This study inspires Takāful practitioners, policyholders/ certificate holders, academicians, and the society to recognise the importance of takaful industry and it’s preventive measures to avoid takāful loss in this swift spread of COVID-19 comprising catastrophic reserves by takāful operators to mitigate adverse catastrophic risks to human life, and building a more humanising takāful which is in tandem with Maqāṣid al-Sharīʽah that attracts more potential policyholders/ certificate holders.
Notas sobre a fala masculina e feminina entre os Apyãwa-Tapirapé
Authors: Koxamaxowoo Tapirapé  , Cruz Mônica Cidele
Published: June 2021

Neste trabalho, apresento a pesquisa sobre a fala masculina e feminina que foi realizada na Aldeia Tapi’itãwa, Terra Indígena Urubu Branco, Município de Confresa-MT. Atualmente a população é de aproximadamente 1.000 pessoas, distribuídas em sete aldeias: Tapi’itãwa, Myryxitãwa e Tapiparanytãwa que pertencem ao município de Confresa-MT, Towajaatãwa, Wiriaotãwa e Inataotãwa, que abrangem o município de Porto Alegre do Norte-MT e Akara’ytãwa, pertencente ao município de Santa Terezinha-MT.  Tenho me preocupado com a fala masculina e feminina, porque vejo que muitas jovens mulheres não estão empregando a fala feminina como era antes, sendo substituída pela fala dos homens, como por exemplo: Ari (fala do homem), a’i (fala da mulher). O meu maior objetivo é de voltar algumas falas das mulheres para própria fala delas, de não falar mais a fala dos homens. É importante explicar que o meu povo Apyãwa apresenta algumas diferenças entre as falas masculina e feminina, e é esta a parte fundamental que vou descrever em minha pesquisa: a diferença de falas entre os homens Apyãwa e as mulheres Apyãwa.Dessa forma, estarei aprofundando o meu estudo, especificamente, em relação Ã s falas dos homens e das mulheres, fundamento importante para cada sexo, no uso do dia-a-dia.
história do contado pelos Akuntsú: ocupação territorial e perdas populacionais
Authors: Aragon Carolina , Algayer Altair
Published: June 2021

Este artigo descreve o histórico de ocupação territorial e as perdas populacionais relatadas pelos monolíngues Akuntsú. Um povo que sofreu inúmeras perseguições e testemunharam a morte de seus parentes com a chegada das frentes de expansão nacional no estado de Rondônia. Hoje vivem em proteção, devido ao contato feito pela Funai em 1995, quando, então, com suas terras interditadas, conseguiram dar continuidade aos seus processos culturais e atividades cotidianas. Consideramos, assim, neste artigo, relatos de diferentes histórias contadas, principalmente, pelos integrantes mais velhos do grupo: Konibú, já falecido, e sua esposa Pugapia. Atualmente, o povo está reduzido a três pessoas, as quais são memórias vivas de uma história de massacre, perseguições e fugas que aconteceram no estado de Rondônia nas décadas de 80 e 90.
Anselme et Descartes, Deux Arguments Logico-Théologiques
Authors: Vidal-Rosset Joseph
Published: June 2021

Ce texte est une version profondément remaniée d’une conférence donnée sur ce sujet en février 2018 lors de la journée d’études Ã  Nancy, dans le cadre des Archives Vuillemin, et en mai 2018, Ã  l’Université de Brasilia. Contrairement Ã  ce que j’ai affirmée dans ces conférences ainsi que dans une publication précédente, la formalisation de l’argument de Descartes (que je développe ici en déduction naturelle) montre que la logique minimale ne suffit pas Ã  traduire l’argument de Descartes; la logique intuitionniste est requise pour que cet argument soit valide. Si la traduction de l’argument d’Anselme que je donne pour commencer contredit l’analyse et les conclusions de Vuillemin sur ce sujet, en revanche, l’interprétation que Vuillemin fait du système de Descartes comme philosophie intuitionniste est confirmée par la formalisation qui suit. Enfin, le pluralisme philosophique propre Ã  l’esprit de la classification de Vuillemin est aussi éclairé par la conclusion de cet article.
Masculino, feminino ou neutro? A prática tradutória e as questões de gênero
Authors: Pimenta Ticiano Jardim , Figueiredo Maria Flávia
Published: June 2021

A atividade tradutória existe desde os primórdios das civilizações e, nessa prática, os tradutores sempre enfrentaram situações adversas no campo da tomada de decisão. As escolhas feitas por esses profissionais, seja no momento da tradução de simples textos, seja durante a produção de versões de documentos oficiais, são fundamentais nos processos de comunicação humana. Com a ascensão de movimentos sociais que emergiram a partir da década de 1960 e que, grosso modo, questionam a perspectiva binária da sexualidade humana, o tradutor enfrenta percalços no tocante Ã  tradução de denominações relativas a gênero nas línguas. Este artigo parte do pressuposto que, em muitas línguas (como no português), o sexo biológico não fundamenta o escopo do gênero como uma categoria linguística; já, em outras (como o inglês), o sexo é fator predominante na sua marcação. Nesse contexto,  tem-se como objetivo levantar pontos de vista sobre as dificuldades existentes na tradução de textos de língua inglesa para portuguesa (ou vice-versa) no que tange a problemática de gênero. Valendo-se de uma metodologia exploratória-comparativa e de um arcabouço teórico fundamentado em teorias sobre tradução e relativas a gênero, espera-se que este texto forneça subsídios para aqueles que se lançam aos desafios da prática tradutória.
Structural Organization of the English Cooking Recipes Dating Back to the Second Half of the 19th Century
Authors:   Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008 Russia, Saetgaraeva L.R. , Gilazetdinova G.Kh. ,   Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008 Russia
Published: June 2021

The compositional characteristics of the English cooking recipes dating back to the second half of the 19th century were analyzed in detail using the Book of Household Management compiled by Isabella Mary Beeton (also known as Mrs Beeton), a famous Englishwoman, and published in 1861. Owing to the growing interest in the gastronomic discourse, this research is of particular relevance – although the language of cooking is rich, its specifics and evolution have been still understudied. It was found that the soup recipes from the book under consideration have such structural elements as titles, ingredients list, main bodies, and, in some cases, optional elements. All of these elements were described. A classification of the obligatory and optional elements was introduced. All recipe parts (in accordance with P.P. Burkova’s classification) were divided into introductory (title, list of ingredients), instructive (recipe body), and concluding blocks (time and money required for cooking, seasonality of ingredients, number of portions, information about the history of a particular ingredient). It was concluded that the structure of the English cooking recipes of the second half of the 19th century is stereotyped, which can be explained by the author’s ambition to make it easy for young and unskilled housewives to master the art of culinary and housekeeping.
Names of Horse Coat Colors in the Bashkir Language: Genesis, Development, and Semantics
Authors:   Order of the Badge of Honour Institute of History, Language, and Literature, Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450054 Russia, Muratova R.T.
Published: June 2021

The names of mixed horse coat colors in the Bashkir language were analyzed in etymological, comparative-historical, and lexical-semantic aspects. Based on the results of the analysis, the following color names were identified as the most common ones: qola ‘dun’, saptar ‘skewbald’, burtä ‘dark bay’, turï ‘bay’, burїl ‘roan’, kir ‘bay with yellowish markings’, buð/kük ‘gray’, ala ‘piebald’, sïbar ‘motley’. The above color names are mainly independent lexemes meaning exclusively the colors of horse coats (except for buð, kük, ala, sïbar). The lexemes qola, turï, buð, kük, ala, and sїbar go back to the Proto-Turkic language. The color names burïl, saptar, and kir are the Mongolian borrowings. The word bürtӓ is confined to a particular geographic area. The names qola, turï, buð, ala, and sїbar were detected in the ancient Turkic written monuments, which confirms their long history of active use in the language of the Turks.
The Ancient Past and Fiction, or about the Construction of Worlds by Humanities Scholars: A Review of Books
Authors:   Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008 Russia, Martynov D.E.
Published: June 2021

This paper reviews three novels by different modern authors, all published in 2020 and applying to the realities of Ancient Rome. Marik Lerner’s science fiction novel “Practical Ufology” fits within the subliterary genre of “accidental travel”, and any background information from the Roman-Byzantine life is not very appropriate in the adventure text. The new novel “The Triumphant” by Olga Eliseeva, a professional historian, can be labeled as a form of the “science novel” genre, because it has numerous references and “anchors” that only an educated person is able to understand. The main canvas of O. Eliseeva’s novel is a synthesis of the personalities and actions of Julius Caesar and Constantine the Great, so the writer used the motif of the fantasy world, in which the Roman Republic and Rome are replaced by Latium and Eternal City with the Nazarenes (i.e., Christians) playing an important role in its future. The trilogy “Divine World” by Boris Tolchinsky, a professional politologist, is the most radical inversion of the reality with its own alternative history. The world of the Amorian Empire is a synthesis of the ancient Mediterranean and the ancient Egyptian civilizations. These texts can be considered as “imperial literature” tied to the post-Soviet realities and projects aimed to find a better future.
ДЕСТРУКТИВНИЙ ВПЛИВ БОЙОВОГО СТРЕСУ НА ЕМОЦІЙНУ СФЕРУ ОСОБИСТОСТІ ВІЙСЬКОВОГО
Authors: Лящ Оксана , Яцюк Марія
Published: June 2021

Мета. Мета статті полягає у встановленні деструктивного впливу бойового стресу на емоційну сферу військового.

Методи. Відповідно до мети дослідження використаний контент-аналіз бесіди, методика на визначення рівня стресу Л. Рідера, PHQ-9 шкала самооцінки депресії, шкала тривожності Тейлор, методи математичної статистики.

Результати. В статті розглянуто проблему впливу бойового стресу на емоційну сферу військових. Зазначено, що основною реакцією військовослужбовця на бойові події є бойовий стрес, відмінною особливістю якого є наявність стрес-факторів бойової обстановки. Уточнено, що бойовий стрес розуміється як багаторівневий процес адаптаційної активності людського організму в умовах бойової обстановки, що супроводжується актуалізацією механізмів реактивної саморегуляції і закріпленням специфічних пристосувальних психофізіологічних змін. Результати дослідження вказують на те, що негативні психічні стани, які виникають у військовослужбовців у період виконання небезпечних для здоров’я і життя завдань, після повернення з зони бойових дій проявляються у загостренні почуття честі, гідності та справедливості, зростанні реакцій некерованої агресивності, тривоги, конфліктності, що різко ускладнюють процес реадаптації демобілізованих військових та безумовно вимагають проведення психологічної корекції. Отримані результати дослідження свідчать про те, що тривалі психотравмуючі фактори бойової обстановки деструктивно впливають на емоційну сферу військових, а в силу особистісних особливостей, у багатьох демобілізованих порушується регуляція поведінки, а також морально-етична та когнітивна сфери.

Висновки. Встановлено, що у формуванні деструктивних наслідків вагому роль відіграють конфліктні переживання в системі цінностей та смислів професійної діяльності військовослужбовця, які актуалізуються в ситуації загрози життю та здоров’ю особистості. За допомогою точної оцінки та прогнозу впливу бойового стресу на особистість військового з’являється можливість командирам частин та підрозділів спрогнозувати виникнення деструктивних психічних станів, а також динаміки поведінки особового складу в екстремальних умовах та адекватно реагувати на зміни в обстановці.
Peril Elements of Infection Severity, Disease Non-Improvement, Case Fatality and Management of Sars-Cov-2 in Sargodha Region Pakistan
Authors:   Associate Professor of Medicine, Sargodha Medical College Sargodha Pakistan, Nazir Amar
Published: June 2021

Background: Corona virus is +ve stranded RNA virus pervasive in most of the atmospheres and towards the end of year 2019 it originated a pandemic as emerging microorganism which started in Wuhan city of China causing mild respiratory illness to severe acute hypoxemic respiratory distress syndrome in humans causing lot of deaths. Thanks to Almighty ALLAH that its virulence has been decreased in recent past in Pakistan due to better government planning and preventive measures. Objective: To manage moderate to severe COVID- 19 patients with pneumonias in HDU/ attached wards with central oxygen supply and to observe peril elements of infection severity, non-improvement and case fatality. Study Design: Descriptive, cross sectional, multicenter and heterogenous study of fifty COVID positive patients. Settings: High Dependency Unit & Isolation (Pulmonology ward) District Head Quarter Hospital Sargodha & Niazi Teaching Hospital (OPD), Sargodha Pakistan. Duration: From 15 May 2020 to 30 June 2020. Methodology: Fifty COVID- 19 patients over eighteen years of age presented with moderate to severe illness were enrolled for management in this study. Patients having +ve RT- PCR test (nasopharyngeal swab) for COVID-19/ CT chest with pneumonias, pyrexia, cough, tachypnoea with or without confusion, coma, dehydration, fits, low oxygen saturation, feeding difficulties, myocardial or renal injuries, raised liver enzymes, dysfunctional coagulation, expeditious disease advancement with respiratory failure (ARDS) were included in this study for management. Results: Every patient was admitted for moderate to severe COVID 19 pneumonias, tachypnoea etc. Eleven patients needed high flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) humidified oxygen or noninvasive ventilation (NIV) and non-rebreather mask and two patients required invasive ventilation, 24 patients (48%) patients had diabetes mellitus with complications, 8 patients (16%) had chronic obstructive airway disease (COAD) or asthma on steroids and hypertension with complications was diagnosed in 6 (12%) patients as well. As a whole two critically ill (one old aged diabetic) patients died over one and a half month of study period. Conclusion: COVID-19 can be a fatal disease especially in patients with old age, chronic illnesses (diabetes, COAD, hypertension and chronic renal failure etc.), immunocompromised states, early detection with management is of great value. This study interprets that early usage of NIV (CPAP and HFNO) diminishes respiratory failure symptoms, worsening of disease and the need for invasive ventilation.
Motorized Two-Wheeler Accidents; A leading Cause of Death and Disabilities: Autopsy Based Study in Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors:   Demonstrator Forensic Medicine, CMH institute of Medical Sciences, (CIMS) Multan Pakistan, Ali Filza , Ahmed Mushtaq ,   Associate Professor & HOD, Forensic Medicine, Nishtar Medical University, Multan Pakistan
Published: June 2021

Background: More than half of all road traffic deaths in the world occur among vulnerable road users including pedestrians, motorcyclists and cyclists whereas; motorcyclists contribute almost one fourth of the death toll of road traffic crashes. Implementation of suitable strategies to address the issues of road traffic crashes is much difficult without information, absolute value of the problem, patterns and risks of injuries & death. Objective: To determine the different patterns, severity and distribution of injuries & their frequency in motorized two wheelers accidents. Study Design: Cross-sectional Study. Settings: Study was conducted in the department of Forensic Medicine at Nishtar Medical University, Multan Pakistan. Duration: One year from January 01, 2018 to December 31, 2018. Methodology: Total 167 cases died of road traffic accidents brought for autopsy and of those, 104 cases were reported to be died of motorcycle accidents involving both riders & pillion riders. The data of victim’s age, gender, site and pattern of injuries were obtained through detailed examination of the hospital record, autopsy reports and police inquest. The injuries over head, neck & thoraco abdominal region were given due consideration being dangerous to life. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 20. Results: Of the total 104 cases died in motorcycle accidents; 99 (95.20%) were males & 5 (4.80%) female. Riders died in 81 (77.89%) cases & pillion riders 23 (22.11%). The age group between 21-40 years involved 67 (64.42%) cases; maximum injuries were observed on Head/Face affecting 84 (80.8%) cases while on thorax 26 (25%) cases, Neck/Spine 12 (11.5%), pelvis 14 (13.4%) and abdominal area sustained injuries in 8 (7.6%) cases. As regard pattern of injuries; abrasions were found in 48 (31%) cases, lacerations 38 (24%), contusions 14 (9%) while fractures were observed in 56 (36%) cases. Among fatal injuries, 74 (71%) were found on Head, 7 (6.7%) over cervical spines, 3 (2.8%) on limbs whereas fatal injuries on thorax & Abdomino-pelvic areas were found 6 (9.6%) in each category. Of the total 81 riders, fractures of skull were observed in 59 (73%) cases and of 23 pillion riders, 16 (69.5%) got fracture of skull. Conclusion: Male riders of motorcycles belonging to age range 21-40 years were more prone to fatal injuries i.e., fractures of skull, neck, spine & Abdomino-thoracic injuries. Abrasions, contusions and lacerations were the most common type of injuries. Helmet legislation needs to be supported by strong enforcement and social marketing campaigns. Reducing the incidence by strict implementation of traffic rules and safety education via electronic & print media is need of the day.
Positive Predictive Value of MRI in the Diagnosis of Intra-Abdominal Undescended Testes Taking Laparoscopic Findings as Gold Standard
Authors:   Post Graduate Resident, Department of Paediatric Radiology, Children Hospital & Institute of Child Health, Lahore Pakistan, Jehangir Aasia , Goraya Amber ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Paediatric Radiology, Children Hospital & Institute of Child Health, Lahore Pakistan, Qureshi Abid Ali ,   Professor, Department of Paediatric Radiology, Children Hospital & Institute of Child Health, Lahore Pakistan
Published: June 2021

Background: Cryptorchidism also known as undescended testis, is a birth defect in male babies with higher frequency in preterm infants, leading infertility and other genital problems. In its treatment, diagnosis has a vital role. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the positive predictive value of MRI in the diagnosis of intra-abdominal undescended testes taking laparoscopic findings as gold standard. Study Design: It was a cross-sectional survey. Settings: Research was conducted at Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Children Hospital & Institute of Child Health Lahore Pakistan. Duration: Six months from June 23, 2018 to December 22, 2018. Methodology: This study involved 68 boys aged between 2 to 15 years presenting with undescended testes. Intra-abdominal undescended testes were diagnosed on MRI and was later confirmed on laparoscopic findings which were taken as gold standard and diagnosis of MRI was judged accordingly as true positive or false positive. A written informed consent was obtained from parents of every patient. Results: The age of the children ranged from 2 years to 15 years with a mean of 8.1±3.5 years. Majority (n=53, 77.9%) of the children had right while 15 (22.1%) children had left undescended testes. Diagnosis of intra-abdominal testes was confirmed in 64 (94.1%) patients on laparoscopy. Thus, there were 64 true positive and 4 false positive cases. It yielded a positive predictive value of 94.1% for MRI in predicting intra-abdominal undescended testes taking laparoscopy as gold standard. Similar positive predictive value was noted across various age and anatomical side groups. Conclusion: The positive predictive value of MRI was found to be 94.1% in predicting intra-abdominal undescended testes taking laparoscopic findings as gold standard regardless of patient’s age and anatomical side which along with its non-invasive and radiation free nature advocates its preferred use in future practice.
Clinicopathological Variants of Breast Cancer in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Pakistan
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Surgery, Fauji Foundation Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, ul Haq Raja Najam
Published: June 2021

Background: Breast cancer is a growing phenomenon among females which has ever-lasting ramifications on the patient as well as the family. The only way of subjugating breast cancer is through an efficient and effective screening and subsequent treatment process. Objective: This study aimed at identifying the different clinicopathological patterns of breast cancer and the age group most frequently targeted by CA breast. Study Design: A prospective study. Settings: Fauji Foundation Hospital (FFH), Rawalpindi and Foundation University Medical College (FUMC) Pakistan. Duration: Six months from January 2018 to June 2018. Methodology: This study included 224 female patients, irrespective of their nationality by convenience sampling, who underwent any kind of breast surgery. The patients were evaluated according to their age, side of breast involved, site of lump in the breast, histopathology report and type of lesion (inflammatory, benign or malignant). The data was entered and analyzed using IBM SPSS version 25. Results: Our study sample of 224 individuals was found to have about 23 different histopathological variants of breast cancer. Invasive ductal carcinoma was found in almost all age groups and it was also the most common variant (80.8%), followed by invasive lobular carcinoma (4%). Majority of the cases were recorded in the elderly age bracket from 55 to 65 years. Right breast was found to be involved in 53.6% of the cases whereas left breast involvement was at 44.2%. 5 patients had lesions in both of their breasts. Upper outer quadrant was affected in 88% females followed by upper inner quadrant (6.7%). All four quadrants were involved in only 3 patients. Conclusion: This study concluded that invasive ductal carcinoma is the commonest clinical as well as pathological type of CA breast. 181 females out of a total of 224 had invasive ductal carcinoma. Therefore, this particular breast cancer type merits our special attention. Our study further concluded that most of the breast pathologies were found in elderly females aged between 55 and 65 years.
The Effect of Growth Assets, Earning Per Share, Leverage, Return on Investment, Yield Dividend on Share Return of Go-Public Banking Companies, 2012 – 2017
Authors: Hidayati N , Hartono MAB
Published: June 2021

In the investment sector, there is a familiar topic to discuss, there are various kinds of views and theories related to investment. Investments can be made through various means and media. One form of investment that is commonly carried out is through the media of shares in a company. When investing, investors expect a return on that investment. The yield in the form of shares is dividend income and an increase in the value of the shares if the shares are marketed on the stock exchange floor.  The calculation of the increase in share prices depends on the performance of a company in generating profits in its operational activities. One way to evaluate company activities in making a profit is by analyzing the company's financial ratios. In this study, the author wants to describe the return of a banking stock to the variables of financial ratio analysis whether it will give a significant influence on the company's stock returns. The purpose of this research is to describe to users, the impacts and effects that need to be considered for investing in order to get the expected results.  Based on the results of data testing and discussion of research results on the effect of asset growth, earning per share, leverage, Return on Investment, and dividend yield on stock returns in banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, asset growth does not significantly affect stocks return, earning per share has a significant effect on stock returns, leverage has no significant effect on stock returns, Return on Investment has no significant effect on stock returns, the dividend yield has an insignificant effect on stock returns.
The Optimal Wheat Futures Hedge at the Euronext Paris from a Farmer’s Perspective
Authors: Vollmer Teresa , Von Cramon-Taubadel Stephan
Published: June 2021

Futures contracts are extensively used by commercial market participants to hedge commodities against the risk of adverse price fluctuations. But although farmers have faced increased volatility in commodity prices in recent years, only very few of them actively use hedging as a risk management instrument. In this article we analyze the hedging potential of the Euronext milling wheat futures market for German farmers based on the estimation of optimal static as well as optimal dynamic hedge ratios. We find that both hedging approximately one year and half a year before harvesting leads to a reduction in the variance of returns compared with unhedged portfolios. But this risk minimization is achieved at the cost of lower returns on average. In addition we find that margin calls might be one of the reasons why so few farmers hedge since they cause liquidity problems especially in marketing years with unanticipated price shocks.
Citizens’ Attitudes towards Greening as Part of Common Agricultural Policy: Results of a Panel Survey
Authors: Beer Lara , Heise Heinke
Published: June 2021

Modern agriculture is increasingly in the focus of the critical public regarding its too low environmental sustainability. The so-called Greening was introduced as an additional policy tool into the current Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) for providing incentives for more environmental protection. The Greening is expected to contribute to the implementation of a more environmental and climate friendly land management. To socially and politically justify support programmes for environmental protection, it is important to identify citizens’ attitudes towards such programmes. So far, only studies regarding citizens’ attitudes towards the GAP in general exist but no studies regarding environmental measures such as pillar 2 measures or Greening exist. To close this research gap, this paper seeks to analyse German citizens’ attitudes towards the Greening with the help of a cluster analysis. Our analysis of a panel-data set with 499 participants shows that citizens support the Greening in total. However, attitudes diverge regarding remuneration of environmental benefits as well as tightening Greening requirements.
Beyond Cost Minimisation: Farmers’ Perspectives on the Adoption of GM Fodder in Sweden
Authors: Fischer Klara , Hess Sebastian
Published: June 2021

Swedish farmers were surveyed about their perceptions of genetically modified (GM) feed. Livestock in the EU are frequently given feed containing imported genetically modified (GM) crops, with GM fodder often being cheaper for farmers. However, there is also a growing market for ‘GM-free’ animal-based products. While public concerns about GMOs have been studied extensively, less is known about farmers’ views. The limited literature on farmers and GMOs tends to focus on the economic factors influencing their adoption. The present study contributes the perspective of farmers as members of the general public, thus including a broader set of factors known to be relevant for the public perception of GMOs. The results indicated that farmers were worried about: i) unforeseen consequences for the environment, ii) un­foreseen consequences for human and animal health, and iii) the dominance of multinational companies. Farmers who could expect their farm businesses to benefit from existing GMOs were more positive, whereas those who were unlikely to experience any benefits or who could expect their farm business to be adversely affected were more negative. Nevertheless, adherence to a broader set of positive or negative values suggests that Swedish farmers’ perspectives on GMOs go further than pure considerations of farm management.
STRATEGIC APPROACHES TO CROSS-CULTURAL AVAILABILITY FORMATION OF TRANSLATORS: THEORY AND PRACTICE
Authors:   V.O. Sukhomlynskyi Mykolaiv National University, Ukraine, Solodka Anzhelika , Moroz Tetiana ,   V.O. Sukhomlynskyi Mykolaiv National University, Ukraine
Published: June 2021

Understanding the fact, that modern education has to become international, leads to improving ability of young people to evaluate the effects of other human positions, different cultures. This research deals with one of the most perspective trends – the formation of availability of students to interact cross-culturally. It can be understood as applied scientific and educational activity. The availability to interact cross-culturally is defined as a multidimensional construct reflecting individual ability to respond to the differences positively and interact efficiently with the others from a variety of backgrounds. The authors present conceptual approaches (dialogic, contextual, axiological, facilitation and practical) to cross-cultural education of students-translators as methodological tool aimed at providing a fundamental and holistic understanding of personality development in cross-cultural interaction, foundations and mechanisms of its implementation. The availability to interact across cultures is determined by the following components: productive interaction, positive interaction, ability to cultural transformation, multi subjective interaction. The authors stress, that in the process of cross-cultural interaction its participants need to achieve compliance (compatibility) to a new cultural environment. Ability to cultural transformation and adaptation serves the criteria of availability for cross-cultural interaction. It has been determined that a translator ("cultural mediator") is not inherent characteristic, but it is acquired in the real world of interaction and in activities in educational process of high school. It was revealed the dependence of personal efficiency in different cultures from the character and forms of interaction of translator that should promote individual development in cross-cultural context. This aim can be reached in the process of education before the contacts with another culture. For this purpose some practical activates were proposed. The method of interactive modeling is aimed at conscious reproduction of various individual and group situations of cross-cultural communication. The method of stimulation is aimed to create artificially a specific situation of intercultural communication and to predict possible options and outcomes, based on different points of view and aspects. With the use of the method of problem situations students are involved into situations, in which intellectual-ethical issues transform into emotional. Effective communication in translation requires more than mastering grammar and vocabulary of a language. It is the process that requires also knowledge of culture. Culture becomes an important part of the language teaching process. Obtaining cross-cultural competence, translators have a key to successful professional activity.
LINGUISTIC ABILITIES FOR MASTERING FOREIGN LANGUAGES IN STUDENT TRANSLATORS WITHIN SIOP MODEL
Authors:   V.O. Sukhomlynskyi Mykolaiv National University, Ukraine, Yefymenko Tetiana , Maistrenko Viktoria ,   V.O. Sukhomlynskyi Mykolaiv National University, Ukraine
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the paper is to identify linguistic abilities to master foreign languages in students-translators. This research was conducted based on the methods and methodology of observation, comparison, analysis, functional and descriptive methods. In order to solve this problem, the achievements of linguistics, sociolinguistics, psychology, psycholinguistics, methods of teaching foreign languages were analyzed, as the study of the phenomenon of linguistics ability is based on them. Linguistic ability includes some specific abilities such as foreign language ability, language guessing, language intuition and communication skills. The result is the formation of a linguistic personality, in particular, the bilingual personality of the translator in a dialogue that has the ability and skills to use the language in all its manifestations in different situations of intercultural communication; the ability to understand and assimilate someone else's way of life and behavior in order to break ingrained stereotypes; skills to expand the individual picture of the world by involving in the "language picture of the world" speakers of the studied language. Value/originality. The development of language abilities is possible on the basis of individualization, differentiation of the learning process and increasing motivation for learning a language. It is necessary to clarify that the presence of communication skills, linguistic intuition and ability to languages is absolutely not enough for a full-fledged foreign language communication, and even more so for characterizing a secondary linguistic personality, in fact, its development is the leading goal of teaching a foreign language for translation students. Linguistic giftedness and ability for languages are only a prerequisite for the formation of intercultural competence and the development of a secondary linguistic personality.
ORGANIZATION OF INDEPENDENT COGNITIVE ACTIVITY OF STUDENTS IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE CLASSES
Authors:   V.O. Sukhomlynskyi Mykolaiv National University, Ukraine, Zaskalieta Svitlana
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this article is to analyze the domestic and European experience in organizing the cognitive activity of students in foreign language classes, to identify its main ways of activation. The main direction of development of modern humanitarian education in Ukraine is to increase the level of higher education to European. Entering the European educational space. Ensuring the quality of education, modernization of its content, development and implementation of educational innovations and information technologies, creating conditions for training a specialist suitable for effective implementation of innovative tasks of the appropriate level of professional activity is an urgent task facing higher education institutions. One of the priority areas of education reform is the need to achieve a qualitatively new level in the study of foreign languages. Unlike other subjects, a foreign language is a whole field of knowledge, as it reveals to a person the treasury of a foreign language culture, new lifestyles. Ukraine's integration into the world community requires perfect command of foreign languages. The article highlights the current problems of modernization of higher education and identifying ways to enhance the independent cognitive activity of students in foreign language classes. Particular attention is paid to the characteristics of the most effective methods of teaching English in higher education. As a result of theoretical analysis and experience of work of university teachers on new educational and methodical complexes the aspects which remained out of attention of scientific researches are revealed. These include the methodological potential of the organization of independent cognitive activity of students, as well as the use of interdisciplinary links in foreign language classes. The realization of this idea is impossible without the development and implementation of appropriate learning technologies. Among the approaches, the author singles out the introduction of an interdisciplinary approach.
Assessment of post-operative pain with use of rotary and conventional root canal instruments in single and multiple visit root canal treatment
Authors: Sheenam Markan  , Gurvanit Kaur Lehl
Published: June 2021

Aim: To compare the post-operative pain after the use of rotary and conventional root canal instruments in single and multiple visit root canal treatment Materials and Method: 168 patients requiring Root Canal Treatment [RCT] in maxillary and mandibular 1st molar were involved in the study. On the basis of vitality and radiographic features two groups were made, multiple visit (Group A n=72), single visit (Group B n=96). Then the patients were randomly divided into 4 subgroups. Subgroup I n=36 (multiple visit conventional RCT), Subgroup II n=36 (multiple visit rotary RCT), Subgroup III n=48 (single visit Conventional RCT) and Subgroup IV n=48 (single visit rotary RCT). In subgroup I & Subgroup III Canal preparation was done with stainless steel K files in step back manner. In subgroup II & Subgroup IV, rotary Protaper Next was used. Irrigation was done with 3 % NaOCl and Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) alternatively followed by obturation. The postobturation pain was recorded at 6hr, 12hr, 24hr, 1 week using visual analogue scale. Statistical Analysis was done using Tukey HSD Post Hoc Test and ANOVA Test. Results: Within 24 hours there was statistically significant difference between the groups (p< 0.05) but after 7 days no statistically significant difference was there (p>0.05). Conclusion: Patients in the groups either in single and multiple visit experience less postobturation pain if the canal preparation was done with the rotary files at all the time intervals (6hrs, 12hrs, 24hrs ) but after 7 days no statistical difference was found.
PÓS MODERNIDADE, PÓS-ESTRUTURALISMO E EDUCAÇÃO: REFLEXÕES SOBRE ESTA RELAÇÃO NO CURRÍCULO E NO COTIDIANO ESCOLAR
Authors: Piassa Zuleika Aparecida Claro , Araújo Renata Miranda de
Published: June 2021

A finalidade deste artigo é analisar criticamente o impacto da pós-modernidade no cotidiano escolar, atentando para o principal conceito que se produziu decorrente da busca por alternativas à racionalidade moderna: a diferença. A partir de uma pesquisa bibliográfica em obras de autores como Peters (2000), Heller e Ferrer (2002), Rouanet (1987 e 1993) dentre outros, tomou-se como ponto de partida uma diferenciação entre pós-modernidade e pós-estrutralismo, uma vez que vários autores os utilizam como sinônimos, mas não são, embora tenham em comum a crítica e busca pela ruptura com a modernidade e seus elementos epistêmicos fundantes, principalmente a essencialidade racional e o universalismo. Em seguida analisamos a diferença como principal conceito forjados pelo Pós-estruturalismo e que se tornou a base epistemológica e ética da elaboração desta ruptura no campo social, de forma geral, e de forma específica na educação via currículo escolar. No último segmento do texto, analisamos o que chamamos de “cenas do cotidiano”, no sentido de estabelecer uma relação crítica entre o conceito de diferença e seu impacto no currículo escolar em movimento. Tomando o currículo enquanto um processo de sistematização da formação escolar que possui uma dimensão teórica e outra empírica e imanente. Consideramos que apesar de anos de discussão sobre o conceito de diferença e sua relação com o currículo escolar, o campo da educação ainda tem uma compreensão bastante superficial deste conceito.
FILOSOFIA DA EDUCAÇÃO: A OPOSIÇÃO ENTRE ANALÍTICOS E CONTINENTAL
Authors: Filho Amador C. Batista , Ferreira Alvaro Emídio
Published: June 2021

O presente texto analisa a oposição bastante conhecida no século XX, entre os filósofos analíticos e continentais no campo da Educação. Assim, inicialmente é esclarecido de modo breve “o que é a filosofia” e também qual a natureza peculiar da filosofia da educação. Na sequência, se compara as tendências fundamentais da filosofia da educação. Para tanto, a obra de Bagdan Suchodolski é confrontada com a revolução romântica e que está na base oposição entre os filósofos analíticos e continentais. Finalmente, a separação “geográfica” e “cultural” que está na origem do pensamento filosófico contemporâneo é ampliada com o propósito de incluir as querelas pós-modernistas no campo da Educação.
Mustikka- ja puolukkasatojen vuotuisen vaihtelun ja talteenoton tarkastelua valtakunnallisesti ja Itä-Suomen alueella
Authors: Turtiainen Marjut
Published: June 2021

Suomessa on seurattu vuosittain 1990-luvulta lähtien tärkeimpien luonnonmarjalajiemme satoja Metsäntutkimuslaitoksen (nyk. Luonnonvarakeskus) toteuttaman ns. MASI-inventoinnin avulla. Inventointiverkosto on supistunut alkuperäisestä eikä kata tasaisesti maan kaikkia osia. Aiemmassa tutkimuksessa on hyödynnetty vuosien 1997-2008 MASI-aineistoa, kun on arvioitu mustikan ja puolukan valtakunnallisia keskisatoja (kg/ha). Niiden perusteella on kalibroitu keskinkertaisen satovuoden kokonaissadot runsaille ja heikoille satovuosille. Tässä tutkimuksessa analysoin MASI-aineistosta laskettujen valtakunnallisten keskisatojen aikasarjaa vuosina 1997-2018 ja arvioin molempien marjalajien keskisadot Itä-Suomelle vuosina 2001-2018. Kvantitatiivisilla ja kvalitatiivisilla aineistoilla tarkastelin arvioitujen keskisatojen luotettavuutta kiinnittäen huomiota erityisesti Itä-Suomen arvioihin. Itä-Suomen vuotuisista puolukan keskisadoista puolet osoittautui kalibroinnin kannalta epäluotettaviksi; mustikalla vastaavia tapauksia oli vain kolme. Siten Itä-Suomen puolukan kokonaissatoa ei ole mielekästä kalibroida nykyisen alueellisen MASI-aineiston perusteella. Seuraavaksi kalibroin mustikan ja puolukan valtakunnalliset kokonaissadot ja erikseen mustikan Itä-Suomen kokonaissadon vuodelle 2011 sekä arvioin alustavat talteenottoasteet vuonna 2011. Suomalaiset ja thaimaalaiset poimivat 9 % valtakunnallisesta mustikan ja 10 % puolukan kokonaissadosta. Itä-Suomessa mustikan alustava talteenottoaste oli 14 %. Vuosina 1997-2018 mustikan valtakunnalliset kokonaissadot vaihtelivat samansuuruisesti kuin 1997-2008, mutta puolukkasadoissa oli vaihtelua hieman enemmän kuin kymmenen vuotta lyhyemmällä ajanjaksolla. Tutkimus osoitti paitsi aineiston koon, myös tulosten luotettavuustarkastelujen merkityksellisyyden, ja siksi mahdollisissa jatkotutkimuksissa kannattaisi myös käyttää monimenetelmätutkimusta. Erityisesti laadullisten aineistojen hyödyntämiseen tulisi panostaa vielä tätä tutkimusta enemmän.
Pemberian Mini House (Destilator) Air laut kepada masyarakat Pantai Setokok, Batam, Guna membantu dalam penyediaan stok air bersih (Air Tawar), dan mendukung Parawisata
Authors: Lubis Muhammad Zainuddin , Rokhayati Yeni , Supardianto Supardianto , Irianto Danar , Anurogo Wenang , Budiana Budiana , Chayati Siti Noor , Puspita Widya Rika , Sibagariang Swono , Purba Jhon Hericson , Resda Dodi Prima , Hakim Rahman , Ghazali Muhammad
Published: June 2021

Water destilator merupakan alat yang digunakan untuk menyuling air laut menjadi air tawar. Konsepnya sederhana dan serupa dengan siklus hidrologi, yaitu dengan menguapkan air laut dengan cara dipanaskan, yang kemudian uap air tersebut diembunkan dan dikumpulkan ke dalam suatu wadah penampung sehingga didapatkan air tawar. Sumber panas yang dipergunakan berasal dari energi yang beragam: minyak, gas, listrik, tenaga matahari dan lainnya, namun dikarenakan menerapkan konsep ramah lingkungan alat ini hanya mengandalkan cahaya matahari sebagai energinya. Alat destilator ini adalah alternatif sederhana yang ekonomis dan dapat digunakan dalam skala rumah tangga serta ramah lingkungan. Alat ini merupakan pengganti sistem destilasi pabrik dengan harga yang relatif mahal dan masih sulit dijangkau oleh penduduk Indonesia. Jenis teknologi tersebut cukup sulit karena teknologinya rumit dan membutuhkan investasi dan estimasi dana yang tinggi dalam skala rumah tangga. Destilasi dapat terjadi dengan memanfaatkan potensi alam yaitu sinar matahari menggantikan bahan bakar minyak dan gas alam untuk mengubah fase uap air laut. Karena suhu yang diperlukan untuk mengubah fase air laut menjadi uap tidak terlalu besar (dibawah 100oC) atau di bawah satu tekanan atmosfir (1 atm), maka pemanfaatan energi matahari adalah solusi alternatif yang dipilih sesuai dengan kondisi Indonesia yang terletak pada daerah katulistiwa dan beriklim tropis mempunyai jumlah sinar matahari yang cukup.
DEVELOPMENT OF DIHAPLOID MAIZE LINES: GUIDELINES
Authors:   N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, KHATEFOV E.B. , ASADOVA G. M. ,   N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources
Published: June 2021

These guidelines recommend the technique based on haploinductors for the development of dihaploid (DH) maize lines. The recommendations will make it possible to master this method and produce maize lines with 100% homozygosity in two years. An algorithm is shown for all stages of the work: from the hybridization of source material with a haploinductor, to the testing of DH maize lines. The guidelines are of practical value and addressed to geneticists, plant breeders, seed producers, and doctoral and undergraduate students.