bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functional anatomy and kinematics of the oral jaw system during terrestrial feeding in Periophthalmus barbarus
Authors: Michel Krijn B. , Adriaens Dominique , Aerts Peter , Dierick Manuel , Wassenbergh Sam Van
Published: May 2014

The Atlantic mudskipper, Periophthalmus barbarus, is an amphibious fish that successfully overcomes the numerous physical challenges of capturing prey in a terrestrial environment. However, it is unclear what changes in the morphology and function of the feeding apparatus contribute to the mudskipper's successful transition from aquatic to terrestrial capture of prey. In particular, how does the mudskipper achieve effective prehension of land‐based prey using its percomorph feeding apparatus? To address that question, we performed a morphological analysis of the feeding apparatus of P. barbarus based on microcomputed tomography scanning, histological sectioning, and dissections as well as a kinematic analysis based on high‐speed video and X‐ray video to quantify the movements of the oral jaw apparatus elements. Our results show that the neurocranium remains in a fixed position relative to the pectoral girdle as the fish pivots over its pectoral fins toward the prey. The premaxilla rotates dorsally and protrudes downward over the prey. The dentary is rotated ventrally over an angle of 120°, which is facilitated by an intramandibular joint. These motions of the neurocranium, premaxilla, and dentary reorient the mouth aperture so it is parallel to the substrate, thereby allowing the jaws to be placed over the prey. The prey is grabbed between the oral teeth or scooped into the mouth primarily via rapid closing motion of the lower jaw. This analysis of P. barbarus clarifies the morphological and kinematic characteristics required by fish to become successful terrestrial feeders at the environmental transition between water and land. J. Morphol. 275:1145–1160, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dendroclimatic reconstructions from multiple co‐occurring species: a case study from an old‐growth deciduous forest in Indiana, USA
Authors: Maxwell Justin T. , Harley Grant L. , Matheus Trevis J.
Published: May 2014

Tree‐ring‐based climate reconstructions are typically derived from either (1) a single species from one or multiple locations or (2) multiple species from multiple locations. Here, we investigate the ability of using multiple co‐occurring canopy‐dominant species from a single location for climate reconstructions based in the eastern United States. Using a variety of techniques, we first compare the climate signals of three canopy‐dominant species (Quercus rubra, Quercus alba, Liriodendron tulipifera) at an old‐growth forest in southern Indiana. We then determine if a composite time series of these co‐occurring species increases or decreases the reconstruction model skill. Climate–growth correlation analysis of the species reveals strong and consistent relationships with summer [June–August (JJA)] Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) during the period 1895–2012. We first use a split‐sample reconstruction technique to compare the performance of species reconstruction models. We then use a nested technique to build a composite chronology against which to compare the individual species chronologies. The composite chronology of all three species accounts for up to 38% of the mean variation in JJA PDSI, and verification statistics indicate robust statistical skill from 1870 to 2012. The composite chronology reconstruction also outperforms each individual species model, indicating that using multiple co‐occurring species increases reconstruction skill, at least from a single study site. Furthermore, model performance is improved by using nested reconstruction techniques, and implicates the potential ability to use multiple co‐occurring species across multiple locations in the eastern United States.
Optimizing the grain size distribution of allografts in bone impaction grafting
Authors: Putzer David , Coraça‐Huber Debora , Wurm Alexander , Schmoelz Werner , Nogler Michael
Published: May 2014

In bone impaction grafting, allografts in the form of bone chips are used for reconstruction of defects and to induce bone remodeling. Optimizing grain size distribution of this allograft material should help prevent implant subsidence by achieving higher primary stability of the graft. We evaluated the influence of grain size distribution on the mechanical stability of allograft material. Bone tissue was rinsed, and the grain size distribution of the allograft material was determined by performing a sieve analysis. Uniaxial compression tests were carried out before and after a standardized compaction procedure for samples with controlled grain size distribution and a control group. Allografts with controlled grain size distribution showed a yield limit almost twice as high as in the control group after a standardized compaction procedure. A better interlocking between bone particles was observed compared to the control group. Thus, grain size distribution has a major impact on the mechanical stability of bone grafts. By controlling the grain size distribution of allograft material, a tighter packing can be achieved and subsequently implant subsidence of implants could be avoided. © 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:1024–1029, 2014.
DNA barcoding detected improper labelling and supersession of crab food served by restaurants in India
Authors: Vartak Vivek Rohidas , Narasimmalu Rajendran , Annam Pavan Kumar , Singh Dhirendra P , Lakra Wazir S
Published: May 2014

BACKGROUND

Detection of improper labelling of raw and processed seafood is of global importance for reducing commercial fraud and enhancing food safety. Crabs are crustaceans with intricate morphological as well as genetic divergence among species and are popular as seafood in restaurants. Owing to the high number of crab species available, it can be difficult to identify those included in particular food dishes, thus increasing the chance of supersession. DNA barcoding is an advanced technology for detecting improper food labelling and has been used successfully to authenticate seafood.

RESULTS

This study identified 11 edible crab species from India by classical taxonomy and developed molecular barcodes with the cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene. These barcodes were used as reference barcodes for detecting any improper labelling of 50 restaurant crab samples. Neighbour‐joining tree analysis with COI barcodes showed distinct clusters of restaurant samples with respective reference species. The study demonstrated 100% improper labelling of restaurant samples to cover up acts of inferior crab supersession.

CONCLUSION

DNA barcoding successfully identified 11 edible crabs in accordance with classical taxonomy and discerned improper crab food labelling in restaurants of India. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Algae–bacteria association inferred by 16S rDNA similarity in established microalgae cultures
Authors: Schwenk Dagmar , Nohynek Liisa , Rischer Heiko
Published: May 2014

Forty cultivable, visually distinct bacterial cultures were isolated from four Baltic microalgal cultures Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Scenedesmus obliquus, Isochrysis sp., and Nitzschia microcephala, which have been maintained for several years in the laboratory. Bacterial isolates were characterized with respect to morphology, antibiotic susceptibility, and 16S ribosomal DNA sequence. A total of 17 unique bacterial strains, almost all belonging to one of three families, Rhodobacteraceae, Rhizobiaceae, and Erythrobacteraceae, were subsequently isolated. The majority of isolated bacteria belong to Rhodobacteraceae. Literature review revealed that close relatives of the bacteria isolated in this study are not only often found in marine environments associated with algae, but also in lakes, sediments, and soil. Some of them had been shown to interact with organisms in their surroundings. A Basic Local Alignment Search Tool study indicated that especially bacteria isolated from the Isochrysis sp. culture were highly similar to microalgae‐associated bacteria. Two of those isolates, I1 and I6, belong to the Cytophaga–Flavobacterium–Bacteroides phylum, members of which are known to occur in close communities with microalgae. An UniFrac analysis revealed that the bacterial community of Isochrysis sp. significantly differs from the other three communities.
In vivo dopaminergic and serotonergic dysfunction in DCTN1 gene mutation carriers
Authors: Felicio Andre C. , Dinelle Katherine , Agarwal Pankaj A. , McKenzie Jessamyn , Heffernan Nicole , Road Jeremy D. , Appel‐Cresswell Silke , Wszolek Zbigniew K. , Farrer Matthew J. , Schulzer Michael , Sossi Vesna , Stoessl A. Jon
Published: May 2014

Introduction

We used positron emission tomography (PET) to assess dopaminergic and serotonergic terminal density in three subjects carrying a mutation in the DCT1 gene, two clinically affected with Perry syndrome.

Methods

All subjects had brain imaging using 18F‐6‐fluoro‐l‐dopa (FDOPA, dopamine synthesis and storage), (+)‐11C‐dihydrotetrabenazine (DTBZ, vesicular monoamine transporter type 2), and 11C‐raclopride (RAC, dopamine D2/D3 receptors). One subject also underwent PET with 11C‐3‐amino‐4‐(2‐dimethylaminomethyl‐phenylsulfanyl)‐benzonitrile (DASB, serotonin transporter).

Results

FDOPA‐PET and DTBZ‐PET in the affected individuals showed a reduction of striatal tracer uptake. Also, RAC‐PET showed higher uptake in these area. DASB‐PET showed significant uptake changes in left orbitofrontal cortex, bilateral anterior insula, left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, left orbitofrontal cortex, left posterior cingulate cortex, left caudate, and left ventral striatum.

Conclusions

Our data showed evidence of both striatal dopaminergic and widespread cortical/subcortical serotonergic dysfunctions in individuals carrying a mutation in the DCTN1 gene. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Technical simplification of the supermicrosurgical side‐to‐end lymphaticovenular anastomosis using the parachute technique
Authors: Yamamoto Takumi , Chen Wei F. , Yamamoto Nana , Yoshimatsu Hidehiko , Tashiro Kensuke , Koshima Isao
Published: May 2014

Background

Supermicrosurgical side‐to‐end (S‐E) lymphaticovenular anastomosis (LVA) is the most favorable anastomotic configuration for the treatment of lymphedema because it creates antegrade and retrograde lymph flow while preserves the native lymph flow. However, it is technically demanding and its successful performance has been limited only to the experienced LVA surgeons. This study aimed to evaluate the applicability of parachute technique in S‐E LVA and its potential in decreasing the technical complexity of the procedure.

Methods

Between April 2010 and July 2011, S‐E LVAs were performed in 14 patients with bilateral lower limb lymphedema with either the conventional technique or the parachute technique. To exclude interoperator variability of LVAs, only limbs in which S‐E LVAs performed by one surgeon were included. Feasibility, anastomotic patency, operative times, and treatment efficacy of both techniques were retrospectively compared.

Results

Thirty‐seven S‐E LVAs were performed by the surgeon; 17 LVAs with parachute technique in seven limbs and 20 LVAs with the conventional technique in seven limbs. Both groups demonstrated 100% anastomotic patency. Time required to perform the S‐E anastomosis using the parachute technique was significantly shorter than when the conventional technique was used (8.6 ± 3.7 vs. 11.3 ± 3.1 minutes, P = 0.025). Both groups showed similar postoperative reduction in lymphedema indices (19.9 ± 8.2 vs. 18.9 ± 10.0, P = 0.841). Conclusions: The parachute technique simplifies the supermicrosurgical S‐E LVA while maintaining efficacy comparable to the conventional technique. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 35:129–134, 2015.
Adaptive registration of varying contrast‐weighted images for improved tissue characterization (ARCTIC): Application to T1 mapping
Authors: Roujol Sébastien , Foppa Murilo , Weingärtner Sebastian , Manning Warren J. , Nezafat Reza
Published: May 2014

Purpose

To propose and evaluate a novel nonrigid image registration approach for improved myocardial T1 mapping.

Methods

Myocardial motion is estimated as global affine motion refined by a novel local nonrigid motion estimation algorithm. A variational framework is proposed, which simultaneously estimates motion field and intensity variations, and uses an additional regularization term to constrain the deformation field using automatic feature tracking. The method was evaluated in 29 patients by measuring the DICE similarity coefficient and the myocardial boundary error in short axis and four chamber data. Each image series was visually assessed as “no motion” or “with motion.” Overall T1 map quality and motion artifacts were assessed in the 85 T1 maps acquired in short axis view using a 4‐point scale (1‐nondiagnostic/severe motion artifact, 4‐excellent/no motion artifact).

Results

Increased DICE similarity coefficient (0.78 ± 0.14 to 0.87 ± 0.03, P < 0.001), reduced myocardial boundary error (1.29 ± 0.72 mm to 0.84 ± 0.20 mm, P < 0.001), improved overall T1 map quality (2.86 ± 1.04 to 3.49 ± 0.77, P < 0.001), and reduced T1 map motion artifacts (2.51 ± 0.84 to 3.61 ± 0.64, P < 0.001) were obtained after motion correction of “with motion” data (∼56% of data).

Conclusions

The proposed nonrigid registration approach reduces the respiratory‐induced motion that occurs during breath‐hold T1 mapping, and significantly improves T1 map quality. Magn Reson Med 73:1469–1482, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
31P RINEPT MRSI and VBM reveal alterations in brain aging associated with major depression
Authors: Biedermann Sarah V. , Weber‐Fahr Wolfgang , Demirakca Traute , Tunc‐Skarka Nuran , Hoerst Mareen , Henn Fritz , Sartorius Alexander , Ende Gabriele
Published: May 2014

Purpose

Phosphomono‐ and diesters, the major components of the choline peak in 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy, are associated with membrane anabolic and catabolic mechanisms. With the refocused insensitive nuclei‐enhanced polarization transfer technique, these phospholipids are edited and enhanced in the 31P MR spectrum. In depressed patients, alterations of the choline peak and cerebral volume have been found, indicating a possible relation. Thus, combining MR phosphorous spectroscopy and volumetry in depressed patients seems to be a promising approach to detect underlying pathomechanisms.

Methods

Depressed in‐patients were either treated with antidepressive medication or with electroconvulsive therapy and compared to matched healthy controls. 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging was conducted before and after the treatment phases. A 3D MRI dataset for volumetry was acquired in a dedicated 1H head coil.

Results

Phosphocholine and phosphoethanolamine were increased in depressed patients. Though patients responded to the treatments, phospholipids were not significantly altered. An increased age‐related gray matter loss in fronto‐limbic regions along with an altered relation of phosphomonoesters/phosphodiesters with age were found in depressed patients.

Discussion

The findings of increased phosphomonoesthers and an age*group interaction for gray matter volumes need further research to define the role of phospholipids in major depression and possible associations to gray matter loss. Magn Reson Med 73:1390–1400, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Licht als kleinstes Reagenz und Werkzeug
Authors: Baumann Harald , Ernst Uwe , Goez Martin , Griesbeck Axel , Oelgemöller Michael , Oppenländer Thomas , Schlörholz Matthias , Strehmel Bernd
Published: May 2014

Grundlagenuntersuchungen zum Mechanismus kurzlebiger Zustände führen in der Photochemie zum Verständnis der Wirkprinzipien. Von diesen Erkenntnissen profitieren die industriellen Anwendungen.
Social Support and Self‐Esteem as Mediators Between Stress and Antepartum Depressive Symptoms in Rural Pregnant Women
Authors: Jesse D. Elizabeth , Kim Heejung , Herndon Cynthia
Published: May 2014

The purpose of this secondary analysis was to determine whether satisfaction with social support and self‐esteem mediated the relationship between antepartum stress and depressive symptoms in women attending prenatal clinics in a rural Southeastern community (N = 318). Path analysis with linear regression indicated that the relationship between antepartum stress and depressive symptoms was partially mediated by higher levels of the internal resources of satisfaction with social support and self‐esteem. Self‐esteem had a greater influence on the relationship between antepartum stress and depressive symptoms than did satisfaction with social support. These findings suggest further study to determine whether developing culturally tailored interventions that emphasize stress reduction activities in addition to enhancing self‐esteem and increasing satisfaction with social support can decrease the burden of antepartum depressive symptoms in rural low‐income women. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
EFFECTIVENESS OF THE FRIENDS FOR LIFE PROGRAM IN PORTUGUESE SCHOOLS: STUDY WITH A SAMPLE OF HIGHLY ANXIOUS CHILDREN
Authors: Pereira Ana Isabel , Marques Teresa , Russo Vanessa , Barros Luísa , Barrett P.
Published: May 2014

The FRIENDS for Life program is a cognitive–behavioral group program that targets anxiety in children. The main purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of the Portuguese version of the FRIENDS for Life Program, which was implemented in schools to reduce anxiety problems in a group of highly anxious children. The study used a quasi‐experimental research design with two groups of children, an intervention (n = 17) and a wait‐list control group (n = 21), aged 8 to 12 years old. The impact of the program in reducing anxiety symptoms as assessed by children and mothers was analyzed through the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders‐Revised (SCARED‐R). The results show a statistically significant post intervention effect on anxiety symptoms evaluated by the child, but not by the mother. The implications of these results for the prevention of anxiety disorders in Portuguese schools are discussed.
RELIABILITY AND STRUCTURAL VALIDITY OF THE TEACHER RATING SCALES OF EARLY ACADEMIC COMPETENCE
Authors: Reid Erin E. , Diperna James C. , Missall Kristen , Volpe Robert J.
Published: May 2014

Currently, there are few strengths‐based preschool rating scales that sample a wide array of behaviors believed to be essential for early academic success. The purpose of this study was to assess the factor structure of a new measure of early academic competence for at‐risk preschool populations. The Teacher Rating Scales of Early Academic Competence (TRS‐EAC) includes two broad scales (Early Academic Skills and Early Academic Enablers) and was completed by 60 teachers for 440 children enrolled in Head Start and public preschool classrooms. Evidence from two exploratory factor analyses supported a five‐factor solution for the Early Academic Skills Scale (Creative Thinking, Critical Thinking Skills, Numeracy, Early Literacy, and Comprehension) and a five‐factor solution for the Early Academic Enablers Scale (Approaches to Learning, Social and Emotional Competence, Fine Motor Skills, Gross Motor Skills, and Communication). TRS‐EAC scores also demonstrated good to excellent reliability and were related to children's performance on direct measures of early academic skills.
Photoluminescence blue shift of indium phosphide nanowire networks with aluminum oxide coating
Authors: Fryauf David M. , Zhang Junce , Norris Kate J. , Diaz Leon Juan J. , Oye Michael M. , Wei Min , Kobayashi Nobuhiko P.
Published: May 2014

This paper describes our finding that optical properties of semiconductor nanowires were modified by depositing a thin layer of metal oxide. Indium phosphide nanowires were grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition on silicon substrates with gold catalyst resulting in three‐dimensional nanowire networks, and optical properties were obtained from the collective nanowire networks. The networks were coated with an aluminum oxide thin film deposited by plasma‐enhanced atomic layer deposition. We studied the dependence of the peak wavelength of photoluminescence spectra on the thickness of the oxide coatings. A continuous blue shift in photoluminescence spectra was observed when the thickness of the oxide coating was increased. The observed blue shift is attributed to the Burstein–Moss effect due to increased carrier concentration in the nanowire cores caused by repulsion from intrinsic negative fixed charges located at the inner oxide surface. Samples were further characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and selective area diffractometry to better understand the physical mechanisms for the blue shift. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
2,5‐Dihydroxybenzoic acid salts for matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometric lipid analysis: Simplified spectra interpretation and insights into gas‐phase fragmentation
Authors: Jaskolla Thorsten W. , Onischke Kristin , Schiller Jürgen
Published: May 2014

RATIONALE

In the last decades the interest in lipids as important components of membranes has considerably increased. Nowadays, lipids are often routinely analyzed by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS). In this regard, many relevant aspects are so far unknown, e.g., gas‐phase stabilities, adduct formation and fragmentation. To fill this gap, MALDI matrix salts are presented which allow for simplified lipid analysis and elucidation of the underlying gas‐phase fragmentation mechanisms.

METHODS

MALDI‐TOF MS was used due to its beneficial properties for lipid investigations, e.g., high sensitivity, simple sample preparations, and a high tolerance to contaminants. The lipid hydrolysis, ionization and fragmentation properties of synthesized near neutral Na+ and NH4+ salts of the commonly used MALDI matrix 2,5‐dihydroxybenzoic acid were compared to that of DHB free acid itself as well as to base addition to DHB during dried‐droplet sample preparation.

RESULTS

Many lipid classes such as sterols, triacylglycerols, phosphatidylcholines and ‐ethanolamines undergo initial protonation with subsequent prompt partial up to quantitative fragmentation when analyzed with classical acidic matrices by MALDI‐TOF MS. Neutral matrix salts can prevent initial analyte fragmentation by suppression of analyte protonation. Additionally, intramolecular gas‐phase fragmentation reactions can be inhibited due to analyte stabilization by cation chelation. Base addition during sample preparation leads not only to in situ generation of matrix salts but also to analyte hydrolysis.

CONCLUSIONS

Neutral DHB salts avoid separation of lipid species into several ionization states when used as matrices in MALDI‐TOF MS. This allows for simplified lipid spectra interpretation. Due to the high cationization efficiency of DHB matrix salts, certain lipid classes become detectable which cannot be analyzed easily using standard acidic DHB. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sensitivity of whole wood stable carbon and oxygen isotope values to milling procedures
Authors: Riechelmann Dana F. C. , Maus Michael , Dindorf Willi , Schöne Bernd R. , Scholz Denis , Esper Jan
Published: May 2014

RATIONALE

Milling of wood samples is a widely applied preparation method for pooling tree‐rings from different trees or periods of several years for determination of δ13C and δ18O values. In this study, whole wood samples were milled using different procedures in order to evaluate potential effects of this preparation method on δ13C and δ18O values.

METHODS

Subsamples of a 5 cm3 wood piece of a single tree‐ring from a lowland white fir were used. The samples were milled with different setups: (i) two and three stainless‐steel balls, (ii) 3, 5 and 8 min milling time, and (iii) discontinuous and continuous milling. The δ13C values were measured using an elemental analyser connected to an IsoPrime mass spectrometer and δ18O values using a Thermo Scientific MAT 253 mass spectrometer and a TC/EA connected by a ConFlo IV.

RESULTS

The results show that varying the milling procedure does not alter the δ13C and δ18O values in comparison to non‐milled blank samples. For shorter milling times, an increased variance of δ18O values is recorded, probably caused by isotopic gradient between early‐ and latewood portions of the tree‐ring and thereby biasing the insufficiently homogenised samples. No overheating effects on the δ13C and δ18O values were detected.

CONCLUSIONS

Milling of wood samples for carbon and oxygen isotope analyses is an appropriate preparation method. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metabolite profiling of edible bird's nest using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry
Authors: Chua Yong Guan , Bloodworth Bosco Chen , Leong Lai Peng , Li Sam Fong Yau
Published: May 2014

RATIONALE

Edible bird's nest (EBN) is a renowned food item in the Chinese community due to the therapeutic effects claimed to be brought about by its consumption. However, very little scientific information has been revealed to support these claims. Thus, metabolite profiling was performed to identify the metabolites and to relate them to the medicinal properties of EBN. The study also aims to further extend the results to determine any possible differences when the EBNs are classified according to their coloration, countries or production sites.

METHODS

Extraction of the metabolites was performed via sonication of EBN with methanol and chloroform. Two analytical platforms, namely gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS), were utilized to detect the metabolites. This multi‐analytical platform would provide a comprehensive coverage of the metabolites in EBN. GC/MS analysis was conducted in scan mode from m/z 50–650. On the other hand, LC/MS analysis was operated in both positive and negative ion mode from m/z 150–1000.

RESULTS

Metabolites were identified and their relationships with the medicinal properties of EBN were deduced. Classification with chemometrics illustrates that EBNs could be differentiated according to their coloration, countries and production sites. This differentiation was due to the environment where the EBNs are produced. Furthermore, GC/MS was demonstrated to be more suitable for classification as the processing methods of the EBNs did not cause a significant variation in the metabolites detected by GC/MS.

CONCLUSIONS

The overall findings suggest that the novel approach of metabolite profiling offers new insights to understanding EBN and provided evidence to support the medicinal properties of EBN. In addition, the success of classification of EBNs with metabolite profiling combining with chemometrics represents a paradigm shift in the quality control of this food item. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mahalanobis distance similarity measure based distinguisher for template attack
Authors: Zhang Hailong , Zhou Yongbin , Feng Dengguo
Published: May 2014

Under the assumption that power leakages at different interesting points follow multivariate normal distribution, maximum likelihood principle (MLP) can be used as an efficient distinguisher for template attack (TA). Therefore, in key‐recovery, one uses MLP to recover the correct key. In pattern recognition, Mahalanobis distance similarity measure (MDSM) is usually used to measure the similarity of two vectors in terms of their distance. A merit of MDSM is that, when measuring the similarity of two vectors, one takes the cross correlation between different variables into consideration. In this paper, we investigate the application of MDSM as a distinguisher in TA. We will show that there exists a certain relationship between MLP‐based TA and MDSM‐based TA under the assumption that the covariance matrices of different templates are identical. However, in MDSM‐based TA, power leakages at different interesting points are not required to follow multivariate normal distribution. We perform practical experiments to evaluate the key‐recovery efficiency of MDSM‐based TA. Experimental results verify that, in the same attack scenario, the key‐recovery efficiency of MDSM‐based TA can be higher than that of MLP‐based TA. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Information‐based sample size re‐estimation in group sequential design for longitudinal trials
Authors: Zhou Jing , Adewale Adeniyi , Shentu Yue , Liu Jiajun , Anderson Keaven
Published: May 2014

Group sequential design has become more popular in clinical trials because it allows for trials to stop early for futility or efficacy to save time and resources. However, this approach is less well‐known for longitudinal analysis. We have observed repeated cases of studies with longitudinal data where there is an interest in early stopping for a lack of treatment effect or in adapting sample size to correct for inappropriate variance assumptions. We propose an information‐based group sequential design as a method to deal with both of these issues. Updating the sample size at each interim analysis makes it possible to maintain the target power while controlling the type I error rate. We will illustrate our strategy with examples and simulations and compare the results with those obtained using fixed design and group sequential design without sample size re‐estimation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling performances of concurrent big data applications
Authors: Castiglione Aniello , Gribaudo Marco , Iacono Mauro , Palmieri Francesco
Published: May 2014

Big Data applications are characterized by a non‐negligible number of complex parallel transactions on a huge amount of data that continuously varies, generally increasing over time. Because of the amount of needed resources, the ideal runtime scenario for these applications is based on complex cloud computing and storage infrastructures, providing a scalable degree of parallelism together with isolation between different applications and resource abstraction. However, such additional abstraction degree also introduces significant complexity in performance modeling and decision making. Potential concurrency of many applications on the same cloud infrastructure has to be evaluated, and, simultaneously, scalability of applications over time has to be studied through proper modeling practices, in order to predict the system behavior as the usage patterns evolve and the load increases. For this purpose, in this paper, we propose an analytic modeling technique based on the use of Markovian Agents and Mean Field Analysis that allows the effective description of different concurrent Big Data applications on a same, multi‐site cloud infrastructure, accounting for mutual interactions, in order to support the careful evaluation of several elements in terms of real costs/risks/benefits for correctly dimensioning and allocating the resources and verifying the existing service level agreements. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An edge model for the evaluation of wind power ramps characterization approaches
Authors: Bossavy Arthur , Girard Robin , Kariniotakis George
Published: May 2014

Wind power forecasting is a recognized means of facilitating large‐scale wind power integration into power systems. Recently, there has been focus on developing dedicated short‐term forecasting approaches for large and sharp wind power variations, so‐called ramps. Accurate forecasts of specific ramp characteristics (e.g., timing and probability of occurrence) are important, as related forecast errors may lead to potentially large power imbalances, with a high impact on the power system. Various works about ramps’ periodicity or predictability have led to the development of new characterization approaches. However, a thorough analysis of these approaches has not yet been carried out. Such an analysis is necessary to ensure the reliability of subsequent conclusions on ramps’ characteristics. In this paper, we propose a comprehensive framework for evaluating and comparing different characterization approaches of wind power ramps. As a first step, we introduce a theoretical model of a ramp inspired from edge‐detection literature. The proposed model incorporates some important aspects of the wind power production process so as to reflect its non‐stationary and bounded aspects, as well as the random nature of ramp occurrences. Then, we introduce adequate evaluation criteria from signal‐processing and statistical literature, in order to assess the ability of an approach for reliably estimating ramp characteristics (i.e., timing and intensity). On the basis of simulations from this model and using the evaluation criteria, we study the performance of different ramp detection filters and multi‐scale characterization approaches. Our results show that some practical choices in wind‐energy literature are inappropriate, while others, namely, from signal‐processing literature, are preferable. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling inborn errors of metabolism in zebrafish
Authors: Wager Kim , Mahmood Fahad , Russell Claire
Published: May 2014

The majority of human inborn errors of metabolism are fatal multisystem disorders that lack proper treatment and have a poorly understood mechanistic basis. Novel technologies are required to address this issue, and the use of zebrafish to model these diseases is an emerging field. Here we present the published zebrafish models of inborn metabolic diseases, discuss their validity, and review the novel mechanistic insights that they have provided. We also review the available methods for creating and studying zebrafish disease models, advantages and disadvantages of using this model organism, and successful examples of the use of zebrafish for drug discovery and development. Using a zebrafish to model inborn errors of metabolism in vivo, although still in its infancy, shows promise for a deeper understanding of disease pathomechanisms, onset, and progression, and also for the development of specific therapies.
One-stage hip reconstruction in children with cerebral palsy: Long-term results at skeletal maturity
Authors: Mallet Cindy , Ilharreborde B. , Presedo A. , Khairouni A. , Mazda K. , Penneçot G. F.
Published: May 2014

Purpose

Hip subluxation is common in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Surgery is indicated in case of pain or progressive increase of Reimers index on radiographs. Peri-iliac osteotomy combined with femoral osteotomy is one of the numerous operative techniques available, but results at skeletal maturity remain unclear. The purpose of this radiological study was to report the long-term results of this procedure.

Materials and methods

Twenty hips in 20 children were retrospectively evaluated at skeletal maturity. Mean age at surgery was 8.1 years and follow-up averaged 9.1 years. All patients underwent Dega acetabuloplasty, soft-tissue release and femoral-shortening varus derotation osteotomy without open reduction. Reimers index, acetabular angle (AA) and neck-shaft angle (NSA) were compared on preoperative, postoperative and latest follow-up radiographs.

Results

Dega osteotomy significantly improved the AA and the correction remained stable at maturity. The NSA significantly decreased postoperatively (153°–115°), but recurrence of the valgus deformity (130°) of the proximal femur was observed at maturity. Consequently, Reimers index followed the same evolution. No case of osteonecrosis was reported but one hip dislocated and one subluxated during follow-up.

Conclusion

Progressive recurrence of the valgus deformity of the proximal femur, attributable to adductors spasticity and gluteus medius weakness, led to a significant increase in the Reimers index. However, hip coverage remained >70 % at maturity in 90 % of the hips. This one-stage procedure without hip dislocation efficaciously corrected acetabulum dysplasia and successfully treated neurological hips in CP patients.

Level of evidence

IV: retrospective study.
Membrane rigidification functions upstream of the MEKK1‐MKK2‐MPK4 cascade during cold acclimation in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Furuya Tomoyuki , Matsuoka Daisuke , Nanmori Takashi
Published: May 2014

The MEKK1‐MKK2‐MPK4 cascade is activated during cold acclimation. However, little is known regarding the perception of low temperature. In this study, we demonstrate that treatment of Arabidopsis with a membrane rigidifier, DMSO, caused MPK4 activation concomitantly with MEKK1 and MKK2 phosphorylation, as well as the cold‐inducible gene COR15a expression. These processes are similar to the effects of cold treatment, whereas benzyl alcohol (BA), a membrane fluidizer, prevented such cold‐induced events. Moreover, the DMSO‐treated seedlings acquired freezing tolerance without cold acclimation. In contrast, the BA‐pretreated seedlings did not show freezing tolerance. These results suggest that membrane rigidification activates this MAPK cascade and contributes to the acquisition of freezing tolerance.
Plasmonic ELISA for the detection of gp120 at ultralow concentrations with the naked eye
Authors: Cecchin D. , de la Rica R. , Bain R. E. S. , Finnis M. W. , Stevens M. M. , Battaglia G.
Published: May 2014

The technique of plasmonic ELISA is successfully applied to detect the HIV protein gp120 at the ultralow concentration of 10 × 10−17 g mL−1.
Platinum nanocatalysts loaded on graphene oxide-dispersed carbon nanotubes with greatly enhanced peroxidase-like catalysis and electrocatalysis activities
Authors: Wang Hua , Li Shuai , Si Yanmei , Zhang Ning , Sun Zongzhao , Wu Hong , Lin Yuehe
Published: May 2014

Platinum nanocatalysts were loaded onto graphene oxide-dispersed carbon nanotubes forming GOCNT–Pt nanocomposites with enhanced peroxidase-like catalysis and electrocatalysis activities.
Impact of chain morphology on the lubricity of surface-grafted polysaccharides
Authors: Goren T. , Spencer N. D. , Crockett R.
Published: May 2014

The impact of brush-like structure and disorder on the lubricating ability of dextran chains at low and high loads has been investigated by means of AFM.
Bio-inspired HDPE-based dry adhesives and their layer-by-layer catechol modification on the surface for use in humid environments
Authors: Lin Y.-C. , Hsu Y.-N. , Chung Y.-C.
Published: May 2014

Nanopillared HDPE adhesives were partially modified with dopamine/catechol and hydrophobic chains on surfaces to increase their adhesion in humid environments.
A highly selective turn-off fluorescent probe for Cu(ii) based on a dansyl derivative and its application in living cell imaging
Authors: Huang Jiaguo , Liu Min , Ma Xiaoqian , Dong Qiong , Ye Bin , Wang Wei , Zeng Wenbin
Published: May 2014

A novel dansyl derivative (1) was designed and synthesized with high yield.
Deposition of Pd–Fe nanoparticles onto carbon spheres with controllable diameters and applied for CO catalytic oxidation
Authors: Han Weiliang , Tang Zhicheng , Zhang Peng , Lu Gongxuan
Published: May 2014

Deposition of Pd–Fe nanoparticles onto carbon spheres with controllable diameters and catalytic activity for CO oxidation.
High pressure and temperature optical flow cell for Near-Infra-Red spectroscopic analysis of gas mixtures
Authors: Norton C. G. , Suedmeyer J. , Oderkerk B. , Fieback T. M.
Published: May 2014

A new optical flow cell with a new optical arrangement adapted for high pressures and temperatures using glass fibres to connect light source, cell, and spectrometer has been developed, as part of a larger project comprising new methods for in situ analysis of bio and hydrogen gas mixtures in high pressure and temperature applications. The analysis is based on measurements of optical, thermo-physical, and electromagnetic properties in gas mixtures with newly developed high pressure property sensors, which are mounted in a new apparatus which can generate gas mixtures with up to six components with an uncertainty of composition of as little as 0.1 mol. %. Measurements of several pure components of natural gases and biogases to a pressure of 20 MPa were performed on two isotherms, and with binary mixtures of the same pure gases at pressures to 17.5 MPa. Thereby a new method of analyzing the obtained spectra based on the partial density of methane was investigated.
Topographically induced internal solitary waves in a pycnocline: Ultrasonic probes and stereo-correlation measurements
Authors: Dossmann Yvan , Paci Alexandre , Auclair Francis , Lepilliez Mathieu , Cid Emmanuel
Published: May 2014

Internal solitary waves (ISWs) are large amplitude stable waves propagating in regions of high density gradients such as the ocean pycnocline. Their dynamics has often been investigated in two-dimensional approaches, however, their three-dimensional evolution is still poorly known. Experiments have been conducted in the large stratified water tank of CNRM-GAME to study the generation of ISWs in two academic configurations inspired by oceanic regimes. First, ultrasonic probes are used to measure the interfacial displacement in the two configurations. In the primary generation case for which the two layers are of constant density, the generation of ISWs is investigated in two series of experiments with varying amplitude and forcing frequency. In the secondary generation case for which the lower layer is stratified, the generation of ISWs from the impact of an internal wave beam on the pycnocline and their subsequent dynamics is studied. The dynamics of ISWs in these two regimes accords well with analytical approaches and numerical simulations performed in analogous configurations. Then, recent developments of a stereo correlation technique are used to describe the three-dimensional structure of propagating ISWs. In the primary generation configuration, small transverse effects are observed in the course of the ISW propagation. In the secondary generation configuration, larger transverse structures are observed in the interfacial waves dynamics. The interaction between interfacial troughs and internal waves propagating in the lower stratified layer are a possible cause for the generation of these structures. The magnitude of these transverse structures is quantified with a nondimensional parameter in the two configurations. They are twice as large in the secondary generation case as in the primary generation case.
The SupraThermal Ion Monitor for space weather predictions
Authors: Allegrini F. , Desai M. I. , Livi S. , McComas D. J. , Ho G. C.
Published: May 2014

Measurement of suprathermal energy ions in the heliosphere has always been challenging because (1) these ions are situated in the energy regime only a few times higher than the solar wind plasma, where intensities are orders of magnitude higher and (2) ion energies are below or close to the threshold of state-of-art solid-state detectors. Suprathermal ions accelerated at coronal mass ejection-driven shocks propagate out ahead of the shocks. These shocks can cause geomagnetic storms in the Earth's magnetosphere that can affect spacecraft and ground-based power and communication systems. An instrument with sufficient sensitivity to measure these ions can be used to predict the arrival of the shocks and provide an advance warning for potentially geo-effective space weather. In this paper, we present a novel energy analyzer concept, the Suprathermal Ion Monitor (STIM) that is designed to measure suprathermal ions with high sensitivity. We show results from a laboratory prototype and demonstrate the feasibility of the concept. A list of key performances is given, as well as a discussion of various possible detectors at the back end. STIM is an ideal candidate for a future space weather monitor in orbit upstream of the near-earth environment, for example, around L1. A scaled-down version is suitable for a CubeSat mission. Such a platform allows proofing the concept and demonstrating its performance in the space environment.
Microwave magnetic dynamics in highly conducting magnetic nanostructures
Authors: Kostylev M. , Ding J. , Ivanov E. , Samarin S. , Adeyeye A. O.
Published: May 2014

We performed low-noise broadband microstrip ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) measurements of the resonant modes of an array of metallic ferromagnetic nanostripes. In addition to a strong signal of the fundamental mode, we observed up to five weak-amplitude peaks in the field-resolved FMR traces, depending on the frequency. These higher-order absorption peaks have been theoretically identified as due to resonant excitation of odd and even standing spin waves across the direction of confinement in array plane (i.e., across the stripe width). The theory we developed suggests that the odd modes become excited in the spatially uniform microwave field of the FMR setup due to the large conductivity of metals. This promotes excitation of large-amplitude eddy currents in the sample by the incident microwave magnetic field and ultimately results in excitation of these modes. Following this theory, we found that the eddy current contribution is present only for patterned materials and when the microwave magnetic field is incident on one surface of sample surface, as it is in the case of a microstrip FMR.
Average dynamics of a finite set of coupled phase oscillators
Authors: Dima Germán C. , Mindlin Gabriel B.
Published: May 2014

We study the solutions of a dynamical system describing the average activity of an infinitely large set of driven coupled excitable units. We compared their topological organization with that reconstructed from the numerical integration of finite sets. In this way, we present a strategy to establish the pertinence of approximating the dynamics of finite sets of coupled nonlinear units by the dynamics of its infinitely large surrogate.
Free vibrations of U-shaped atomic force microscope probes
Authors: Rezaei E. , Turner J. A.
Published: May 2014

Contact resonance atomic force microscope (AFM) methods have been used to quantify the elastic and viscoelastic properties of a variety of materials such as polymers, ceramics, biological materials, and metals with spatial resolution on the order of tens of nanometers. This approach involves measurement of the resonant frequencies of the AFM probe both for the free case and the case for which the tip is in contact with a sample. Vibration models of the probe and tip-sample contact models are then used to determine the sample properties from the frequency behavior and to create images of the sample properties. This work has been primarily focused on rectangular, single-beam probes for which the vibration models are relatively simple. Recently, U-shaped AFM probes have been developed to allow local heating of samples and the resonances of these probes are much more complex. In this article, a simplified analytical model of these U-shaped probes is described. This three beam model includes two beams clamped at one end and connected with a perpendicular cross beam at the other end. The beams are assumed only to bend in flexure and twist but their coupling allows a wide range of possible dynamic behavior. Results are presented for the first ten modes and the mode shapes are shown to have complex coupling between the flexure and twisting of the beams, particularly for the higher modes. All resonant frequency results are in good agreement with finite element results for the three probe designs and two values of thickness considered (all wavenumbers are within 3.0%). This work is anticipated to allow U-shaped probes to be used eventually for quantitative measurements of sample material properties during heating using a contact resonance approach.