bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Race/Ethnicity and Relationship Stereotypes in Child Sex Abuse Cases
Authors: Livingston Tyler N. , Rerick Peter O. , Davis Deborah
Published: August 2022

Child sex abuse (CSA) is a specific category of crime for which the presumption of guilt may be particularly high, especially for defendant categories stereotypically associated with the crime. The current study utilized survey methodology to examine the magnitude of the presumption of guilt for CSA, as well as stereotypes associating perpetrator race and relationship to the victim with likelihood of CSA. Participants ( N = 220) indicated the percentage of CSA allegations they believed to be true, and rank-ordered racial and relationship categories they believed most likely to commit CSA. Female (77%) and male (71%) participants believed most CSA allegations were true. White men and stepfathers were ranked as the most likely perpetrators compared to Hispanic men, Black men, other male relatives, neighbors, and others. These data suggest that alleged perpetrators of CSA are particularly likely to be perceived negatively, especially if they possess stereotypical racial and relational characteristics.
Alienation in Pandemic-Induced Telework in the Public Sector
Authors: Doberstein Carey , Charbonneau Étienne
Published: August 2022

Most of our knowledge of the benefits and costs of telework are based on self-selected workers who have worked remotely part-time. Full-time, pandemic-induced mass telework may present benefits and costs that differ from what was understood in the prior context. Informed by conservation of resources (COR) theory, this study examines the effect of pandemic-induced remote working on work alienation in the public sector with two Canadian surveys: a panel of teleworking public servants ( n = 605), and a representative sample of teleworking Canadians in public and private sectors ( n = 1001). Teleworkers who fit the “conscientious” personality profile were less alienated in their new teleworker status, and by contrast “extroverts” were more alienated than before the pandemic. We then examine the types of organizational adaptations that lower alienation, and find that more autonomy, avoiding micromanagement and promoting communication among employees is most promising.
Lessons Learned in Implementing an Aging Research Training Program for Underrepresented Minority Students
Authors: Levkoff Sue , McCollum Quentin , Armstrong Alissa Richmond , Wilson Betty L. , McRell Amanda Stafford , Cavanagh Nicole , Spencer Mindi , Webber Kristina , Bright Chandler , Chen Hongtu , Singh Narendra , Miller Maggi , Farkas Csilla , Liles Karina , Bagasra Omar , Ariyo Oluwole
Published: August 2022

This brief report provides an overview of lessons learned through evaluation of the first five years of the NIA-funded South Carolina-Advancing Diversity in Aging Research (SC-ADAR) undergraduate program, whose goal is to increase the number of qualified underrepresented minority (URM) students who pursue scientific graduate studies in programs focusing on medicine, science, technology, engineering, and mathematics and aging. Partnering with five Historically Black Colleges and Universities in South Carolina, we implemented a research training approach that included two consecutive summers of research training in a University of South Carolina faculty laboratory, as part of a comprehensive 24-month research education program. In addition to the mentored research experience in a laboratory, students had coursework in the biology of aging and social gerontology, with additional workshops tailored to emergent student needs including basic academic skills development, work-life management skills, reflective social experiences, and enhanced support in the transition from undergraduate to graduate school. We provide an overview of lessons learned throughout the early program period, and a description of the iterative changes we made in the program in response to this learning, all of which have been incorporated into the existing SC-ADAR program.
Implications of identity in global mission
Authors: Franklin Kirk J.
Published: August 2022

The question explored is what it means to be an insider in a global mission structure and how this affects decision-making power for all participants, especially ones from the majority world. This study discovers how one organization, Wycliffe International, navigated through this issue in its relationship with what were called National Bible Translation Organizations. In doing so it had to challenge the status quo of how international mission structures operated. The newer movements faced the issue of agency and identity in the wider mission landscape. Much of this was set upon the backdrop of a 1970s moratorium debate when Kenyan church leader John Gatũ called for changes to how Western missions were operating in Africa. The outcomes of this study are instructional for leaders and organizations developing ministry relationships in global mission today.
Financial Capital and the Parliamentary Coup in Brazil: Division, Reunification, and Crisis of Hegemony
Authors: Valle André Flores Penha
Published: August 2022

The political action of financial capital and its class fractions in 2015–2016 resulted in the overthrow of President Dilma Rousseff and her replacement by Michel Temer's interim government. Financial capital at the time was made up of the internal banking bourgeoisie, involving the large national commercial banks, and the associated financial bourgeoisie, involving nonbank financial institutions operating in the capital market. Examination of the relationship between financial capital and other bourgeois fractions in this context disputes the hypotheses of a bourgeois united front and of a convergence around rentism to demonstrate that the Brazilian bourgeoisie did not constitute a political front that overthrew the government as a bloc.

A ação política do capital financeiro e suas frações de classe em 2015-2016 resultou na derrubada da presidente Dilma Rousseff e sua substituição pelo governo interino de Michel Temer. O capital financeiro da época era constituído pela burguesia bancária interna, envolvendo os grandes bancos comerciais nacionais bem como a burguesia financeira associada, abrangendo as instituições financeiras não bancárias que atuavam no mercado de capitais. Uma investigação sobre a relação entre capital financeiro e outras frações burguesas nesse contexto contesta as hipóteses de uma frente única burguesa e de uma convergência em torno do rentismo para demonstrar que a burguesia brasileira não constituiu uma frente política que derrubou o governo como bloco.
A post-processing algorithm based on factor graph optimization for autonomous underwater vehicle integrated navigation
Authors: Ma Xiao-Shuang , Liu Xi-Xiang , Li Chen-Long , Sheng Guang-Run
Published: August 2022

Aiming at the requirements of offline high-precision navigation and positioning in the mapping of ocean floor, survey, and other fields for autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV)integrated navigation system, a post-processing algorithm based on factor graph optimization is proposed in this paper. First, the factor graph model is established by the factor graph formulation to address the asynchronous and heterogeneous problem of multi-source information fusion. Then the equivalent inertial measurement unit (IMU) factor is introduced to replace several consecutive IMU factors between two adjacent measurements to further aid high-rate navigation solutions. Second the forward and backward message passing processes are performed independently using the sum-product algorithm in the factor graph model. Finally, the optimal navigation solution is obtained by weighted smoothing the results of the forward and backward message passing processes. Simulation results show this algorithm proposed in this paper provides more accurate navigation accuracy and smoothness, especially in the case of signals loss or sensors fault. Compared with the federal Kalman filtering method, the horizontal positioning errors of the un-simplified factor graph, the simplified factor graph, and the factor graph optimization are improved by about 30%, 34%, and 80%, respectively. The semi-physical environment results also clearly verify the reliability and effectiveness of the proposed method, and its horizontal positioning accuracies are kept within −2∼2 m.
Framing post-disaster collective action as ‘good news’: Possibilities and tensions
Authors: Carlton Sally , Nissen Sylvia , Wong Jennifer HK
Published: August 2022

This article examines the development and implications of positive news media coverage of a crisis volunteer group across a decade of disaster responses. We investigate the case of the Student Volunteer Army in Aotearoa New Zealand, a group that has been positioned as a potential blueprint for youth-led disaster response. Drawing on in-depth interviews and news media sources, we trace how a distinct framing of the group as ‘good news’ consolidated across successive disasters, initially in media reporting and then through active cultivation by the group. The findings demonstrate the potential for positive media coverage of disaster volunteerism to assist people’s recovery and provide crisis volunteer groups with important leverage to further their operational abilities and challenge exclusionary power structures in post-disaster environments. However, our analysis also warns that simplifying accounts of post-disaster collective action to create ‘good news’ can produce internal tensions within crisis volunteer groups and reinforce the hierarchies and inequities that characterize disaster response.
Articulating the social: Expressive domination and Dewey’s epistemic argument for democracy
Authors: Serrano-Zamora Just
Published: August 2022

This paper aims at providing an epistemic defense of democracy based on John Dewey’s idea that democracies do not only find problems and provide solutions to them but they also articulate problems. According to this view, when citizens inquire about collective issues, they also partially shape them. This view contrasts with the standard account of democracy’s epistemic defense, according to which democracy’s is good at tracking and finding solutions that are independent of political will-formation and decision-making. It is also less vulnerable to the criticisms that have been raised against the standard account. To show this, the paper develops a theory of expressive domination and argues that problem-articulation works best when it is inclusive and domination-free. It also shows that democratic conflict represents a fundamental element for problem-articulation.
A Scoping Review of the Causes and Consequences of Fraud in Sport
Authors: Vanwersch Lucie , Willem Annick , Constandt Bram , Hardyns Wim
Published: August 2022

This study provides a structured overview of the literature published between 2010 and 2020 on the causes and consequences of fraud in sport using a systematic search strategy. Our results show that the current literature on this phenomenon is mostly focused on football as a specific type of sport, and on competition manipulation as a specific type of fraud. Guided by the routine activity theory, we observed that motivated offenders, suitable targets, and the lack of capable guardians render sport vulnerable for fraud in general, and for competition manipulation, corruption, financial fraud, and human trafficking in particular. The consequences of fraud in sport are mostly financial, through a diminution in the public's trust combined with a decrease in attendance and spectatorship to sport events. The phenomenon of fraud in sport remains strongly under-researched through empirical designs, and an interdisciplinary approach is required to tackle its complex nature and scope.
Family and child health centre characteristics associated with exposure to universal language and literacy promotion
Authors: Fäldt AE , Durbeej N , Fabian HM
Published: August 2022

Aims: This study investigated which specific socio-demographic characteristics of the family and child health service centre are associated with parents receiving a video guide. The video guide, intended to be offered universally, aimed at promoting language and literacy development. Methods: The video guide included language and literacy activities and was offered through child healthcare centres to all visiting families. Cross-sectional data were collected during three years through parental self-reported questionnaires when the children were three years old, and families of 2512 children were included. Results: In 60% of the families, none of the parents reported receiving the video guide, and in 84%, none of the parents reported that they had watched the video guide. Most of the parents who watched the video guide reported having tried the presented activities. Socio-demographic characteristics associated with parents having received the video guide were: being married or cohabiting, having a university education, or if the mother was native-born. The child's age when the video guide was initially offered and the child's birth order were also factors associated with parents having received the video guide. Conclusions: The results indicate that few parents overall received the video guide. Socio-economically advantaged parents seemed to have received the video guide to a higher extent.
Network Effects Research: A Systematic Review of Theoretical Mechanisms and Measures
Authors: Medina Alejandra , Siciliano Michael D. , Wang Weijie , Hu Qian
Published: August 2022

This article contributes to the network effectiveness literature by identifying the theoretical mechanisms and network measures scholars in public administration and policy use to draw inferences between network structures and network effects. We conducted a systematic review of empirical network effects research in 40 public administration and policy journals from 1998 to 2019. We reviewed and coded 89 articles and described the main social theories used in the network effectiveness literature and the associated mechanisms that translate network structures to network effects. We also explain how scholars operationalize those theoretical mechanisms through network measures. Overall, our findings reflect that there is limited use of social theories for the explanation of network effects and in some cases, inconsistent use of network measures associated with theories. Moreover, we identify several challenges confronting network effects research. These challenges include the difficulty of isolating specific mechanisms related to a particular social theory, the use of network structures both as a mechanism and as a measure, and the lack of data to examine network dynamics and coevolution.
Magnetic resonance imaging thicknesses and apparent diffusion coefficient values of the endometrium and junction zone in women of reproductive age
Authors: Liubing Chen , Ting Song , Xi Peng , Yonglu Chen , Yi Liu , Jun Yang Yong , Liuqing Chen
Published: August 2022

Background

The endometrium and uterine junction zone often change throughout the menstrual cycle. Some pathological conditions may appear normal in uterine imaging, which will lead to missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis.

Purpose

To evaluate the changes in the thickness and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of the endometrium and uterine junction zone throughout the menstrual cycle in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of women of reproductive age.

Material and Methods

Data were collected from 40 healthy women of reproductive age with regular menstrual cycles from January 2017 to April 2018. They underwent four total MRI sessions during the menstrual, proliferation, and early and late secretive phases. The main MRI sequences were T2-weighted (T2W) volume isotropic turbo spin echo acquisition (VISTA) spectral attenuated inversion recovery (SPAIR) and diffusion-weighted imaging (b = 0, 600, 800, 1000 s/mm2), which were used to measure the thicknesses and ADC values of endometrium and uterine junction zone.

Results

First, the endometrium was thinnest during the menstrual phase and thickest in the late secretive phase. Second, the uterine junction zone was thinnest in the late secretive phase and thickest in the menstrual phase. Third, the ADC values of the endometrium were lowest in the menstrual phase and peaked in the early secretive phase. Finally, the ADC values of the uterine junction zone were lowest in the menstrual phase and peaked in the late secretive phase.

Conclusion

The endometrium and uterine junction zone showed cyclic changes. Radiologists should consider these changes in the thickness and ADC values when analyzing MRI images of the uterus.
CCNB1 and CCNB2 involvement in the pathogenesis of psoriasis: a bioinformatics study
Authors: Li An-hai , Chen Yong-qing , Chen Yu-qian , Song Yun , Li Ding
Published: August 2022

Objective

The cell cycle-related proteins cyclin B1 (CCNB1) and cyclin B2 (CCNB2) are potentially involved in the underlying mechanisms of psoriasis. The present study aimed to explore this possibility using bioinformatics approaches.

Methods

CCNB1 and CCNB2 protein levels were evaluated in 14 psoriasis patients and five healthy controls by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and their mRNA levels were evaluated using data from four publicly available datasets (GSE53552, GSE41664, GSE14905, and GSE13355). Comparison of high- and low-expressing groups were performed to reveal CCNB1- and CCNB2-related differentially expressed genes, which were then assessed based on gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses. Correlation analyses between CCNB1 and CCNB2 levels and immune infiltration, as well as typical targets of psoriasis, were also performed.

Results

Overall, 12 CCNB1 and CCNB2 common immune-related targets potentially involved in psoriasis were identified. These could regulate the cell cycle of through multiple pathways. In addition, CCNB1 and CCNB2 were found to potentially support the release of key molecular targets of psoriasis through the regulation of mast cell activation and macrophage polarization.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that CCNB1 and CCNB2 may represent valuable molecular biomarkers of psoriasis, contributing to its onset and progression.
Prognostic significance of TG/HDL-C and non-HDL-C/HDL-C ratios in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: a retrospective study
Authors: Kong Lingxin , Zhao Qingtao , Han Zhaohui , Xue Wenfei , Hu Zhonghui , Niu Zhancong , Duan Guochen
Published: August 2022

Objective

Lung cancer is a malignancy with high a mortality rate that threatens human health. This study is aimed to explore the correlation among the triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein ratio (TG/HDL-C), non-high-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein ratio (non-HDL-C/HDL-C) and survival of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) undergoing video-associated thoracic surgery (VATS).

Methods

This retrospective study analyzed 284 patients with NSCLC who underwent VATS at Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China. The time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve was used to determine the optimal cutoff value and evaluate the area under the curve. Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses were performed to determine the prognostic effect.

Results

The median overall survival (OS) was 46 months. Patients with low TG/HDL-C and low non-HDL-C/HDL-C had a longer OS. The low non-HDL-C/HDL-C group showed a longer mean survival time (59.00 vs. 52.35 months). Multivariate analysis revealed that TG/HDL-C and non-HDL-C/HDL-C were significantly correlated with OS.

Conclusions

TG/HDL-C and non-HDL-C/HDL-C are associated with the prognosis of patients with NSCLC who received VATS. Preoperative serum TG/HDL-C and non-HDL-C/HDL-C may be effective independent prognostic factors for predicting the outcomes of patients with NSCLC.
Moving Toward Gender-Equitable Transportation in Post-COVID-19 Urban South Asia
Authors: Shah Sonal , Rajiv Rithvika Madhummal , Lokre Abhijit
Published: August 2022

This research examines the impacts of COVID-19 on the mobility of resource-poor women and its linkage with livelihoods in urban South Asia, and how gender-responsive transport measures could be adopted. The study, conducted in Delhi between October 2020 and May 2021, used a mixed methods, multi-stakeholder, and reflexive approach. A literature review was conducted on the gender and mobility context in Delhi, India. Quantitative data were collected through surveys with resource-poor women, while qualitative research methods consisted of in-depth interviews with them. Different stakeholders were engaged through round tables and key informant interviews before and after data collection to share the findings and recommendations. The sample survey (n = 800) revealed that only 1.8% of working resource-poor women have access to a personal vehicle, making them dependent on public transport. While 81% of their trips are by bus, 57% of their peak hour trips are by paratransit, despite free travel on buses. Only 10% of the sample have access to a smart phone, which restricts their access to digital initiatives based on smart phone applications. The women expressed concerns such as poor bus frequencies and buses not stopping for them under the free ride scheme. These were consistent with issues faced before the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings highlight the need for targeted strategies for resource-poor women to achieve equity in gender-responsive transport. These include a multimodal subsidy, short messaging service to obtain real-time information, increased awareness on filing complaints, and an effective grievance redressal system.
One and Many Asian America: Intra-Asian Ethnic Boundaries and Intermarriage
Authors: Lee Jess
Published: August 2022

As a racialized pan-ethnic group, Asian Americans exhibit ethnically heterogeneous structural and cultural characteristics, but such heterogeneity and its implications for Asian Americans’ pan-ethnic groupness were seldom explored empirically. Using the American Community Survey and the 2016 National Asian American Survey datasets, this paper examines intra-Asian symbolic and socioeconomic boundaries and boundary processes captured in Asian interethnic marriage. I find prominent intra-Asian boundaries distinguishing exceptionally disadvantaged refugee-origin Southeast Asians, yet intra-Asian marriages still occur across these boundaries. This mismatch between intra-Asian boundaries and marriage patterns reflects loose and often unstable interpretations of ethnic similarities and differences. Together, my findings reveal Asian Americans’ contextually salient interpretations of ethnic heterogeneity behind intra-Asian boundary processes, which further reinforce the socially constructed notion of Asian Americans as a racialized group.
Examining the Impact of Federal Specific Learning Disability Inclusionary Criteria on Multidisciplinary Team Decision Making When Using Response to Intervention
Authors: Hunter Drew , Boneshefski Michael , Kovaleski Joseph F. , Runge Timothy J.
Published: August 2022

There are still many unanswered questions regarding the application of response to intervention (RTI) to making eligibility decisions for specific learning disabilities (SLD). Both U.S. federal regulations and research support that students identified with SLD using RTI should be deficient in both level of academic functioning and rate of growth in response to scientifically based instruction. To date, there is little research examining whether these eligibility criteria are predictive in identifying students with SLD by evaluation teams in schools. Two studies conducted in different U.S. states examined if level of academic performance and rate of improvement (ROI) using curriculum-based measurement in reading (CBM-R) predicted student eligibility for special education. Logistic regression results indicated that level of performance predicted special education eligibility across sites and that ROI did not. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
From Bureaucrats to Entrepreneurs to Networkers, Advocates, and Empaths: Reappraising Human Resources Management Ideals and Practices in Public Administration
Authors: Schnell Sabina , Gerard Catherine
Published: August 2022

This article assesses how changing paradigms of public administration have been reflected in public sector human resources management over time. It finds that large-scale reform acts, such as the Pendleton Act or the Civil Service Reform Act and the National Performance Review reflected the “ideals” of the rule-following bureaucrat of the Old Public Administration (OPA) and of the result-seeking entrepreneur of New Public Management (NPM). However, the advocate, empath, and networker of New Public Administration (NPA) and New Public Service (NPS) has not been pursued through similarly encompassing reform efforts. While gradual changes such as a more representative bureaucracy and increased collaborative governance have paved the way for a deeper integration of NPA and NPS values into human resource policy and practice, more efforts are needed to promote advocates, empaths, and networkers as the core of the “new” public service. We conclude by making some tentative suggestions in this direction.
What do thought leaders make us think about journalism? A boundary-work analysis of newspaper commentary articles
Authors: Duffy Andrew , Prahl Andrew , Lim Clara Hui Min
Published: August 2022

As “boundary objects,” thought-leader articles show some characteristics of journalism but are not considered journalism in its pure sense. Yet this peripheral format occupies a critical place in the media canon and thought-leader articles have value for news organization and audience alike. Given an ongoing demand for content and a declining tendency to pay for it, thought-leader articles have a secure place. But even as they help journalism to overcome one (economic) obstacle, they raise another in the form of questions about their content: Who has a voice? Who is held to account? What agendas are pursued? How are events and topics framed? What are the values of the writer? And who benefits from having a voice, pursuing an agendum and setting the frames of the discussion? When asked of regular reporting, these questions have helped define journalism’s boundaries; when asked of thought-leader articles, the answers similarly reveal what sits inside journalism’s field. This article investigates what thought-leader articles indicate about the boundaries of journalism, through their conformity or otherwise to traditional values and roles.
Lung Ultrasonographic Signs in Pulmonary Disease – A Video Review
Authors: Dugar Siddharth , Fox Steven , Koratala Abhilash , Moghekar Ajit , Mehta Atul C.
Published: August 2022

Lung ultrasound (US) is a well-established imaging tool in the inpatient and critical care setting. It has proven its worth in the rapid bedside diagnosis of a variety of conditions pertaining to the lungs and the thorax. Lung US was initially introduced as a bedside imaging tool to evaluate the size and characteristics of pleural effusion. Over the years, the field of lung ultrasonography has rapidly expanded introducing nuances in image interpretation. Numerous primary and secondary signs have been described in the literature to identify both normal and abnormal findings. The primary signs can help narrow the list of differential diagnoses, whereas the addition of secondary signs help create an imaging pattern facilitating the confirmation of diagnosis or recognition of the underlying disease process. These wide variety of signs and patterns can present a challenge to the learning of lung ultrasonography, particularly to a novice user. We sought to compile a comprehensive list of these findings to serve as a useful resource to aid effortless adoption of lung ultrasonography in clinical practice. In this review, we narrate the evolution of lung US, describe common protocols applied in performance of the lung US, and illustrate a comprehensive list of common lung US signs and patterns along with their differential diagnosis and clinical utility.
Influence of Maternal Body Fat on Levels of Insulin, Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1, and Obestatin
Authors: Badillo-Suárez Pilar A. , Rodríguez-Cruz Maricela , Bernabe-García Mariela , Villa-Morales Judith , Iglesias-Rodríguez Ricardo , Canizales-Quinteros Samuel , Carmona-Sierra Fairt V.
Published: August 2022

Background:

Insulin, insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1), and obestatin in human milk originate from the circulation. There is also limited knowledge about the influence of body fat on the levels of these hormones in human milk.

Research Aim:

To determine (1) the influence of body fat on levels of insulin, IGF-1, and obestatin in human milk and serum/plasma during the postpartum period; (2) the changes in the levels of these hormones in human milk and serum/plasma postpartum; and (3) the presence of IGF-1 mRNA in human milk.

Methods:

In this prospective, longitudinal, observational cohort study, levels of insulin, IGF-1, and obestatin were measured up to 30 days postpartum in milk and serum/plasma of 58 participants with adequate (≤ 32%) or excess (> 32%) total body fat determined by electrical bioimpedance. Student’s t test and repeated-measures analysis of variance were used to evaluate the differences between groups. Pearson’s test was used to analyze the associations.

Results:

The milk from participants with excess body fat had higher insulin and IGF-1 levels and lower obestatin levels than that of participants with adequate body fat at 3–7, 14–15, and 30 days postpartum (adjusted p < .001). The levels of insulin, IGF-1, and obestatin were significantly higher in human milk than in serum/plasma ( p < .05) and correlated with maternal body fat ( p < .001).

Conclusions:

Maternal body fat was associated with elevated insulin and IGF-1 levels and decreased obestatin levels in human milk up to 30 days postpartum.
Hygrothermal aging effects on tribological and mechanical behaviors of mollusc shell-reinforcement UHMWPE biocomposites
Authors: Sidia Besma , Bensalah Walid
Published: August 2022

The effect of hygrothermal aging on the tribological and mechanical behaviors of UHMWPE biocomposites reinforced with different weight fractions of mollusc shell (MS) particles was investigated. The developed MS-UHMWPE biocomposites samples were subjected to accelerated hygrothermal aging in Ringer’s solution at 80°C. The results showed that hygrothermal aging increases the tribological behavior of these biocomposites. The effect of hygrothermal aging on the wear resistance depends on the reinforcement rate of the MS particles. The mechanical properties of the MS-UHMWPE biocomposite were affected by hygrothermal aging as well as by the weight content of the added MS particles. The modulus of elasticity increased with increasing MS particle content for all tested materials. A scenario of the wear mechanism of aged biocomposites will be proposed.
Switching From Corporate to Nonprofit Work: Career Transitions of Commercially Imprinted Managers
Authors: Niendorf Elisabeth , Kreutzer Karin , Diehl Marjo-Riitta
Published: August 2022

Despite an increasing number of executives who transition from for-profit to not-for-profit organizations, our understanding of how commercially imprinted managers navigate the new setting remains limited. We collected data in the form of biographical interviews and observations with managers who had previously held a leading position in a commercial company and moved to work for a not-for-profit organization. We offer a typology of three responses that commercially imprinted managers used and identify conditions related to individuals’ biographies that facilitate the use of such responses, including social sector engagement, hybridity in previous job positions, international exposure, volunteering, and a diverse network.
A New History of Crime and Law in 20th century Nigeria
Authors: Somotan Titilola Halimat
Published: August 2022

Historians have focused on the origin of the Nigeria-Biafran War (1967–70) and the conflict's impact on Nigeria's local and international policies. But no study has adequately interrogated the Biafran legal system. In his groundbreaking monograph, A History of the Republic of Biafra: Law, Crime, and the State in the Nigerian Civil War, Samuel Fury Childs Daly examines how armed robbery and fraud increased during the war and in postwar Nigeria. Drawing on court records, diplomatic records, and oral interviews, the author argues that Biafran citizens and state representatives broke the law to survive economic and political hardships. Many forged documents to avoid conscription into the army or impersonated soldiers to procure food. In some cases, individuals committed crime for self-aggrandizement or vengeance. Daly asserts that Nigeria’s experience with crime, especially fraudulent acts like advance-fee fraud, can be traced to the criminal behaviors that exploded during and after the war. In other words, the illegal acts undertaken by ordinary people in Biafra to cope with unemployment and poverty became part of everyday life in postwar Nigeria. A History of the Republic of Biafra contributes to histories of law, military, postcolonial states in Africa, and the Nigerian Civil War.
Passionate, motivated and creative yet not starting up: A moderated-moderation approach with entrepreneurship education and fear of failure as moderators
Authors: Thoudam Prabha , Anwar Imran , Bino Ermal , Thoudam Maebeama , Chanu Ahanthem Malemnganbi , Saleem Imran
Published: August 2022

This research attempts to measure the direct and moderated influence of entrepreneurial passion (EP), motivation (EM) and creativity (EC) on intention (EI) while being moderated by entrepreneurship education (EE). This study also instrumentalizes the conditional interaction effect of fear of failure on the moderated paths. A data sample of 1090 business students from five Indian universities was subjected to screening and cleaning before establishing the measurement model and testing the hypotheses using structural equation modelling and Process Macro. EP, EM and EC were found to affect EI directly, while EE also moderated these links. Fear of failure was also found to be conditioning the moderated paths such that the positive moderation effect of EE on direct paths between EP, EM, EC and EI was stronger when students perceived no fear of failure. The study advances the existing literature on the moderating role of entrepreneurship education by recognizing the conditional interaction effect (moderated-moderation) of fear of failure on the moderating effects of entrepreneurship education. The authors also provide valuable suggestions for practice.
Heat and mass transfer of unsteady mixed convection flow of Casson fluid within the porous media under the influence of magnetic field over a nonlinear stretching sheet
Authors: Ashraf Samina , Mushtaq Muhammad , Jabeen Kanwal , Farid Saadia , Muntazir Rana Muhammad Akram
Published: August 2022

Numerical outcomes for the steady and unsteady flow situations are investigated for the mixed convection flow of Casson nanofluid caused by the motion of a nonlinear stretching sheet in porous media with chemical reaction and magnetic effects. In the present study, the impact of convective boundary conditions on the thermal and concentration profiles as well as in the presence of Brownian motion and thermophoresis effects on the flow field are also examined. Highly non-linear and coupled partial differential equations (PDEs) are transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by using suitable similarity transformations and subsequently portray numerical and graphical results with the help of bvp4c tool using MATLAB. The validity of numerical results are compared and checked with previously published results in the literature. For deliberating the physical nature of the investigation, graphical and tabulated results are provided. The Casson parameter helps to reduce the intensity of the skin friction, while Casson fluid has a converse impact on velocity and temperature field, but parallel results are seen in the case of concentration and temperature profile. The impacts for the magnetic parameter on velocity and temperature is revealed more effective than nanoparticle concentration. The impact of thermal and concentration buoyancy parameter on velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are observed and found that velocity profile increases with slight increase in thermal buoyancy parameter but decreases the other two profiles.
A general mathematical modeling and finite element analysis of a strain wave gear possessing a double-circular-arc-with-a-common-tangent profile
Authors: Cheng Yun-Hao , Chen Yi-Cheng
Published: August 2022

In this study, the characteristics of a strain wave gear (SWG) with a double-circular-arc with a common tangent (DCACT) profile were simulated using two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis (FEA). First, theoretically generated tooth profiles for the flexible spline (FS) and circular spline (CS) of an SWG were developed according to the theory of gearing. An automated mesh-generating computer program was developed in Visual C++ to establish 2D and 3D finite element models of the SWG based on its derived geometry. An FEA was then performed to explore the meshing characteristics, including the stress distribution, torsional angle, torsional stiffness, and number of engaged teeth, of the SWG. Continuous meshing of multiple tooth pairs between the FS and CS from the 2D FEA verified the conjugation of tooth profiles. The coning effect on the FS during assembly of the SWG was also predicted and discussed from the 3D FEA results. The 3D FEA produced more accurate and practical results than the 2D FEA did. Additionally, 3D FEAs of a modified (with longitudinal crowning) and unmodified (without longitudinal crowning) FS were performed and compared. Finally, a 3D FEA of a modified FS was successfully conducted to predict cyclic contact stress, root stress, and transmission error.
Optimization of process parameters for direct energy deposition of 15Cr5Ni precipitation hardened stainless steel for aircraft parts repair and maintenance
Authors: Pandey Susheel , Srivastava Rajeev , Narain Rakesh , Vinod AR
Published: August 2022

In the aerospace industry, regular maintenance and repair consume maximum cost and time. Direct energy deposition is an effective cutting edge repairing technology used in aircraft parts. This paper projected direct energy deposition as an important cladding technology. And as a cladding material, the acceptability of 15Cr5Ni precipitation-hardened steel is evaluated through single-layer deposition over 304 L stainless steel via direct energy deposition. 15Cr5Ni steel is a high-strength alloy mainly used for jigs, fasteners, and landing gears in the aerospace industry. Optimization of process parameters, that is, laser power, scan speed, and powder feed rate, is performed using response surface methodology through a prediction model along with a validation test. The microstructural investigation of clad cross-section and surface morphology followed by four-dimensional X-ray microscopy reveals an improved clad quality with minimized porosity and defects. A relative error of less than 5% has been found between the prediction model and experimental values, which validate the significance of optimized process parameters toward improving the clad quality for aircraft part repairing purposes.
A fast computational method of the aerodynamic performance of fan and booster with inlet distortion
Authors: Tao Qitian , Jin Hailiang , Liu Xiaohua , Zhu Zhongyu
Published: August 2022

A fast computational method of the aerodynamic characteristics of fan and booster with inlet distortion is developed in this paper. This method is based on a time-marching throughflow model, and the governing equations are circumferentially averaged Navier-Stokes equations. A model of distributed inviscid blade force and viscid blade force is adopted to reproduce the flow deflection and loss. The deviation angle and loss parameters are interpolated from a database which is extracted from 3-D simulation results of compressor with uniform inlet. After a validation case is performed, the aerodynamical performances of a multistage fan and booster with inlet radial and circumferential distortion are computed. The results show the predictive ability of this method, and the acceptable computational time cost indicates the future application potential of this method during the design stage of a new turbomachinery.
Performance comparison between glass and basalt fibre-reinforced composites for an automotive seat backrest
Authors: Messana Alessandro , Belo Teles Victor Hugo , Airale Andrea Giancarlo , Carello Massimiliana
Published: August 2022

In recent years, the automotive industry has been developing lightweight components in order to comply with stricter fuel consumption regulations. In fact, car mass reduction plays an important role in reducing fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. Composite materials are very promising solutions because of their potential to reduce mass by replacing traditional steel components, while ensuring safety requirements and structure reliability. However, they might present some issues in terms of sustainability and cost. This paper presents a methodology developed to carry out safety tests on a virtual automotive seat and then assess the structural practicability of using a more sustainable material, the Basalt Reinforced-Fibre Polymer (BFRP), as a replacement of the original material, the Glass Reinforced-Fibre Polymer (GFRP). The starting point of this study was the mechanical characterisation of both traditional and green composites. Then, the composite material formulation MAT-58 was optimised to correlate the simulated and experimental results. Finally, static and energy absorption simulation tests were performed according to the ECE R17 regulation. The seat model was compliant with the safety requirements in all cases studied, and both composites presented a similar structural performance.
Deep multi-task network based on sparse feature learning for tool wear prediction
Authors: He Jianliang , Yin Chen , He Yan , Pan Yi , Wang Yulin
Published: August 2022

Tool wear monitoring plays a key role in the machining industry to increase productivity and reduce downtime. The Data-driven monitoring techniques have been successfully applied in the tool wear prediction in recent years. However, the terrible environment and the varying machining parameters make the data quality and the distribution complex, which limits the performance of data-driven prediction models. How to build a model for different data distribution under different working conditions adaptively is an important research topic. To solve this problem, this paper proposed a new deep multi-task network based on sparse feature learning for tool wear prediction. By introducing the L21 norm and F-norm regularization term to the network loss function, the model can capture the tool wear characteristic sparsely from the input frequency spectrum. Experiment results on a machine tool show that the proposed method has a significant performance improvement in terms of predictive accuracy and numerical stability.
Elevated apoptosis and abnormal apoptosis signaling of regulatory T cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Li Mingfang , Luo Li , Wu Yi , Song Zhiqiang , Ni Bing , Hao Fei , Luo Na
Published: August 2022

In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), immune tolerance is influenced by defects in naturally occurring T cells (Tregs). To investigate the apoptosis rate of Tregs and their suppressive activity in patients with SLE and then to recognize the genes and signaling pathways that cause Treg apoptosis. FACS was used to assess the frequency and apoptosis rates of Tregs in 48 SLE patients and 28 normal controls (NCs). Coculture of Tregs with CD4+CD25−CD127dim/− T cells was used to assess the suppressive activity of Tregs. Microarray analysis was used to generate unstimulated Tregs gene expression profiles from very high activity patients with SLE and NCs. Real-time PCR was used to confirm differential gene expression. In patients with SLE, the frequency of Tregs was substantially reduced compared to Tregs from NCs. Furthermore, Tregs from SLE patients had an elevated rate of apoptosis and a lower suppressing ability than Tregs from NCs. Tregs apoptosis was negatively associated with the total count of Tregs and positively related to disease activity. Unstimulated Tregs gene expression profiles from patients with recent-onset SLE revealed a biological response that can cause apoptosis, partially triggered by stress, DNA damage, and cytokine stimulation. The discovery of pathway-specific expression signatures is a significant step forward in understanding how Tregs defects contribute to the pathogenesis of SLE. Our findings may contribute to the development of new strategies for treating SLE based on abnormal Tregs apoptosis and restoring immune homeostasis in patients with SLE.
The role of ideological dimensions in shaping acceptance of facial recognition technology and reactions to algorithm bias
Authors: Peng Yilang
Published: August 2022

Facial recognition technology has been introduced into various aspects of social life, yet it has raised concerns over its infringement of civil liberties and biases against minorities. This study investigates how three ideological dimensions—social dominance orientation, right-wing authoritarianism, and libertarianism—shape facial recognition acceptance. First, two surveys of crowdsourced workers ( N = 891 and 587) demonstrated that the acceptance of facial recognition applications is positively associated with right-wing authoritarianism and negatively with libertarianism, whereas social dominance orientation shows little influence. Second, an experiment ( N = 496) exposed participants to information about demographic biases in facial recognition applications. This message produced more opposition to facial recognition and this effect largely was not moderated by the three ideological dimensions. In summary, individuals’ endorsement of various ideologies predicts their acceptance of facial recognition technology, but messages about algorithm biases in facial recognition can still shape their attitudes regardless of the preexisting ideologies.