bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IDH2 mutation-induced histone and DNA hypermethylation is progressively reversed by small-molecule inhibition
Authors: Kernytsky Andrew , Wang Fang , Hansen Erica , Schalm Stefanie , Straley Kimberly , Gliser Camelia , Yang Hua , Travins Jeremy , Murray Stuart , Dorsch Marion , Agresta Sam , Schenkein David P. , Biller Scott A. , Su Shinsan M. , Liu Wei , Yen Katharine E.
Published: November 2014

Key Points

IDH2 R140Q expression in TF-1 cells can induce DNA and histone hypermethylation that mirrors human IDH2 mutant acute myeloid leukemia. The hypermethylation can be reversed on treatment with AGI-6780, an IDH2 mutant-specific small-molecule inhibitor.
Mutant WT1 is associated with DNA hypermethylation of PRC2 targets in AML and responds to EZH2 inhibition
Authors: Sinha Subarna , Thomas Daniel , Yu Linda , Gentles Andrew J. , Jung Namyoung , Corces-Zimmerman M. Ryan , Chan Steven M. , Reinisch Andreas , Feinberg Andrew P. , Dill David L. , Majeti Ravindra
Published: November 2014

Key Points

Boolean implications are a useful computational algorithm to mine mutation-specific methylation relationships in large cancer data sets. Mutant WT1 is associated with DNA hypermethylation of PRC2 targets in AML, and inhibition of EZH2 induces myeloid differentiation.
Phase 2 study of carfilzomib, thalidomide, and dexamethasone as induction/consolidation therapy for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma
Authors: Sonneveld Pieter , Asselbergs Emilie , Zweegman Sonja , van der Holt Bronno , Kersten Marie Jose , Vellenga Edo , van Marwijk-Kooy Marinus , Broyl Annemiek , de Weerdt Okke , Lonergan Sarah , Palumbo Antonio , Lokhorst Henk
Published: November 2014

Key Points

KTd is an effective induction and consolidation regimen for transplant-eligible MM patients. The KTd regimen is safe and well tolerated with a notable lack of peripheral neuropathy.
Platelet PI3Kβ and GSK3 regulate thrombus stability at a high shear rate
Authors: Laurent Pierre-Alexandre , Séverin Sonia , Hechler Béatrice , Vanhaesebroeck Bart , Payrastre Bernard , Gratacap Marie-Pierre
Published: November 2014

Key Points

A key role for platelet PI3Kβ, but not α, and for GSK3 in thrombus stability at a high shear rate. Risk of platelet emboli formation on PI3Kβ inhibition in vivo.
Structural and compositional evolution of FePt nanocubes in oganometallic synthesis
Authors: Zhang Changwang , Wang Hanbin , Mu Yuping , Zhang Jun , Wang Hao
Published: November 2014

In this study, the mechanisms for the formation of FePt nanocubes via pyrolysis of iron pentacarbonate [Fe(CO)5] and platinum(II) acetylacetonate [Pt(acac)2] were investigated. The time evolution of the structure, morphology, and composition of the FePt nanocubes was probed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) at different reaction stages. On the basis of the detailed characterization, we determined the following aspects of the reaction mechanism: (1) The FePt nanocubes are rapidly formed at 160°C to 180°C by the decomposition of the precursors, and the formation of the FePt nanocubes is dominated by the nucleation of Pt-rich species followed by a slow deposition process of Fe atoms. (2) A thin Fe atomic layer is present on the FePt nanocubes, which does not influence their phase transition into a fct structure. (3) The use of Fe(CO)5 is the key factor leading to the anisotropic growth of the FePt nanocubes, and the Fe(CO)5/Pt(acac)2 molar ratio not only determines the composition of the resulting FePt nanocubes but also affects their morphology and structures.
Engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum for growth and production of L-ornithine, L-lysine, and lycopene from hexuronic acids
Authors: Hadiati Atika , Krahn Irene , Lindner Steffen N , Wendisch Volker F
Published: November 2014

Background

Second-generation feedstocks such as lignocellulosic hydrolysates are more and more in the focus of sustainable biotechnological processes. Corynebacterium glutamicum, which is used in industrial amino acid production at a million-ton scale, has been engineered towards utilization of alternative carbon sources. As for other microorganisms, the focus has been set on the pentose sugars present in lignocellulosic hydrolysates. Utilization of the hexuronic acids D-galacturonic acid (abundant in pectin-rich waste streams such as peels and pulps) and D-glucuronic acid (a component of the side-chains of plant xylans) for growth and production with C. glutamicum has not yet been studied.

Results

Neither aldohexuronic acid supported growth of C. glutamicum as sole or combined carbon source, although its genome encodes a putative uronate isomerase sharing 28% identical amino acids with UxaC from Escherichia coli. Heterologous expression of the genes for both uptake and catabolism of D-galacturonic acid and D-glucuronic acid was required to enable growth of C. glutamicum with either aldohexuronic acid as the sole carbon source. When present in mixtures with glucose, the recombinant C. glutamicum strains co-utilized D-galacturonate with glucose and D-glucuronate with glucose, respectively. When transformed with the plasmid for uptake and catabolism of the aldohexuronates, model producer strains were able to grow with and produce from D-galacturonate or D-glucuronate as sole carbon source.

Conclusions

An easily transferable metabolic engineering strategy for access of C. glutamicum to aldohexuronates was developed and applied to growth and production of the amino acids L-lysine and L-ornithine as well as the terpene lycopene from D-galacturonate or D-glucuronate.
Measuring the Use of Examination Room Time in Oncology Clinics: A Novel Approach to Assessing Clinic Efficiency and Patient Flow
Authors: Hamel Lauren M. , Chapman Robert , Eggly Susan , Penner Louis A. , Tkatch Rifky , Vichich Jennifer , Albrecht Terrance L.
Published: November 2014

The authors results data can be used in the design of interventions that reduce patient wait times, increase efficient use of resources, and improve scheduling patterns.
Improving Outpatient Oncology Practice: Several Steps Into a Long Journey
Authors: Conti Rena M. , Bach Peter B.
Published: November 2014

Results of the recently reported United pilot indicate that more work is needed to create alternatives to the buy and bill system.
Aiming for Ideal Care: A Proposed Framework for Cancer Quality Improvement
Authors: McNiff Kristen K. , Jacobson Joseph O.
Published: November 2014

The authors review the advances made in oncology over the past 50 years and describe methods for closing the gap in care quality.
Home Medication Support for Childhood Cancer: Family-Centered Design and Testing
Authors: Walsh Kathleen E. , Biggins Colleen , Blasko Deb , Christiansen Steven M. , Fischer Shira H. , Keuker Christopher , Klugman Robert , Mazor Kathleen M.
Published: November 2014

The authors created and tested a stakeholder-designed, Web-based intervention to support home chemotherapy use, a tool which they say may prevent serious medication errors in a larger study.
Quality Improvement: An Assessment of Participation and Attitudes of Medical Oncologists
Authors: Lim Charles , Cheung Matthew C. , Franco Bryan , Dharmakulaseelan Laavanya , Chong Evan , Iyngarathasan Amesha , Singh Simron
Published: November 2014

Canadian medical oncologists face limitations to participating in QI initiatives as a result of lack of time, publication resources, and knowledge about ongoing initiatives. Improving networking opportunities and prioritizing QI at the institutional level can address this need.
Patients Prefer Chemotherapy on the Same Day As Their Medical Oncology Outpatient Appointment
Authors: Lau Peter K.H. , Watson Melanie J. , Hasani Arman
Published: November 2014

The authors conclude that morning delivery of chemotherapy was preferred. Meeting patients' expectations will present significant challenges to efficient service provision as caseloads increase.
Fifty Years of Tobacco Control: Is the Glass Half Full or Half Empty?
Authors: Steliga Matthew A. , Dresler Carolyn M.
Published: November 2014

While there is a great deal to celebrate, there is still a great amount of death, disability, and cost associated with the ongoing tobacco epidemic in our nation and throughout the world.
Kinetics and Correlation Analysis of Reactivity in the Oxidation of Some Alkyl Phenyl Sulfides by Benzimidazolium Dichromate
Authors: Pandey Dinesh , Kothari Seema
Published: November 2014

The oxidation of some alkyl phenyl sulfides by benzimidazolium dichromate (BIDC) in dimethyl sulfoxide, to the corresponding sulfoxides, is first order with respect to BIDC. Michaelis–Menten type kinetics was observed with respect to sulfide. Thermodynamic parameters for the complex formation and activation parameters for the decomposition of the complex were calculated. The reaction is proton-catalyzed and the order is less than one. It appears that the BIDCH+ is the active electrophile. An intermediate of composition sulfide–BIDC–H+ has been envisaged. The high value of negative entropy of activation suggests a cyclic transition state in the rate-determining step. The reaction exhibited negative polar reaction constants and a small degree of steric hindrance. The rate of oxidation of sulfide was determined in 19 organic solvents. An analysis of the solvent effect by Swain’s equation indicated that though both the anion and cation solvating powers of the solvent contribute to the observed solvent effect, the role of cation solvation is major. A mechanism involving the rate-determining oxygen atom transfer in complex, formed by a nucleophilic attack of sulfide-sulfur on BIDCH+ in a rapid pre-equilibrium, is suggested to give corresponding sulfoxide via. a cyclic transition state.
The Effect of Hydroxycinnamic Acids on Oxy-Radical Generating Iodide–Hydrogen Peroxide Reaction
Authors: Milenkovic Maja C , Potkonjak Nebojša I
Published: November 2014

The influence of hydroxycinnamic acids (HCA) on the oxy-radical generated system, potassium iodide/hydrogen peroxide, was investigated through the enhancement of triiodide (I3−) yield. Caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, and p-coumaric acid were used as typical representatives of HCA. A linear correlation, with positive slopes, was found between absorption maximum of I3− at 351 nm and HCA concentration in all cases. The magnitude of enhanced I3− production was found to increase in the following order: p-coumaric acid < chlorogenic acid ≤ caffeic acid. A reaction mechanism, which includes negative influence of oxygen-centered free radicals on the I3− yield, was proposed. The enhanced production of I3− by HCA is attributed to their radical scavenging activity. Supported by literature data, results obtained in this study have showed the correlation between radical scavenging activities of HCA and their ability to enhanced I3− generation.
The Rituals of Reformed Discipline: Managing Honor and Conflict in the Scottish Church of Rotterdam, 1643–1665
Authors: Catterall Douglas
Published: November 2014

Der Aufsatz untersucht die Spannungen, die sich aus der calvinistischen Kirchenzucht und deren Rituale der Wiedergutmachung und Versöhnung in der schottischen Kirche Rotterdam ergaben. Der Autor zeigt, daß die nach Rotterdam eingewanderten Schotten stark durch ihre Migration über Seewege geprägt waren. Daher fühlten sie sich weder der schottischen Gesellschaftsordnung noch der calvinistischen Kirche so verbunden, daß sie die Kirchenzucht ohne Widerstände akzeptierten. Die Gründung der schottischen calvinistischen Kirche in Rotterdam 1643 erfolgte also im Umfeld nicht-calvinistischer Migranten. Die Prädikanten und ältesten waren daher darauf angewiesen, unter den Migranten einen Konsens über die Ziele und Aufgaben der Kirche, insbesondere der Kirchenzucht, herzustellen. Dies erwies sich jedoch als unmöglich: Während es den Migranten bei der Kirchenzucht und der Beilegung von Konflikten vornehmlich um die Sicherung ihrer persönlichen Ehre ging, stellte das Konsistorium die auf göttlichem Frieden beruhende Einheit der Gemeinde in den Vordergrund. Langfristig traten an die Stelle der öffentlichen Rituale der Wiedergutmachung und Versöhnung vor der Gemeinde Rituale des Gewissens, die auf das Individuum abzielten und damit zugleich die Unverletzbarkeit der persönlichen Ehre gewährleisteten.
Reformierte Eliten im Preußenland: Religion, Politik und Loyalitäten in der Familie Dohna (1560–1660)
Authors: Bömelburg Hans-Jürgen
Published: November 2014

The archives of the Dohna family contain materials on the efforts at creating a “Second Reformation” in the Duchy of Prussia, where the early establishment of a Lutheran confessional foundation (the Corpus doctrinae pruthenicum| of 1567/68) and a solid ecclesiastical constitution prevented Calvinism from gaining a foothold. The Reformed creed found followers among the nobility through connections with the Reformed territories in the Holy Roman Empire, by close contact with Reformed theologians in royal Prussia, and by connections with the Calvinist church of the nobility in Poland and Lithuania. This network radiated into ducal Prussia, where the Dohnas became Calvinists. During the first three decades of the seventeenth century this led to a conflict between the Reformed party and the Lutheran majority among the theologians and the lower nobility. Drawing on the support of the Polish king, the Lutheran party succeeded between 1610 and 1620 in shutting out the Reformed officeholders by means of lawsuits and unequivocal oath formulas. The Reformed nobility were not helped by the connection they forged in 1613 with the equally Reformed territorial ruler because he had to take into account the Polish crown as well as ecclesiastical legal determinations in ducal Prussia.

The Dohnas, who stood close to the Calvinist “party of movement,” tried nevertheless to introduce elements of the Reformed faith or to engage men who were inclined toward the Reformed creed into the churches within their patronage. In this context, the Dohnas argued with the noble concepts of patronage held by the Lithuanian Radziwiłłs, who used their rights of patronage to introduce Calvinist pastors. Repeated conflicts arose with the Ko¨ nigsberg consistory and neighboring Lutheran pastors, in the course of which both sides adhered to their positions. On the level of religious symbolism, the Dohnas removed images of saints and programmatically transformed older works of art to conform to Calvinism.

The confessional disputes in the Duchy of Prussia are typologically similar to those in the Prussian cities (Elbing, Danzig, Thorn), except that in the former noble patronage and in the latter bourgeois patronage was contested. It is evident that in eastern Prussia, too, along with Lutheran confessionalization, numerous other religious influences were felt. Therefore, the region can be included more definitely than previously thought in the religious history of eastern central Europe.
Kulturwirkungen konfessioneller Erziehungsmodelle im 16. und 17. Jahrhundert: Zum Forschungskontext des Themenschwerpunkts
Authors: Ehrenpreis Stefan
Published: November 2014

Reformation and confessionalization are two important phases in the history of early modern education. In the Reformation period new educational concepts and curricula were introduced above all in higher education. In the age of confessionalization both Protestants and Catholics also sought to improve the lower school system. The discourse about education was dominated by classical concepts which were connected with general Christian ethics. New research perspectives include the different cultures of knowledge, of reading and of catechesis because these factors were as important for the general level of literacy as the public school system.
Calvinism, Literacy, and Reading Culture in the Early Modern Northern Netherlands: Towards a Reassessment
Authors: Frijhoff Willem
Published: November 2014

Im Gesamtbild der niederländischen Kultur des 17. Jahrhunderts sind Calvinismus und Lesekultur eng miteinander verknüpft. Der Protestantismus, insbesondere die Reformierte Kirche, gilt als wortbezogene und der Bibellektüre verpflichtete Konfession, die den hohen Grad der Alphabetisierung in der niederländischen Republik hervorgebracht habe. Auch dieser Beitrag geht von einer hohen kulturellen Wirkungskraft der frühneuzeitlichen Kirchen in der Republik aus, versucht diese aber in zweierlei Hinsicht zu differenzieren: Während Margaret Spufford den relativ hohen niederländischen Alphabetisierungsgrad vorwiegend auf die schon vorreformatorisch regen Handelsbeziehungen zurückführt, betont der Autor die spätmittelalterliche städtische Bürgerkultur und deren Lesekultur im Umkreis der Devotio Moderna. Auf dieser gemeinsamen Grundlage einer gesellschaftlich breiten Alphabetisierung haben sich dann im Anschluß an die Reformation mehrere unterschiedliche konfessionelle Lesekulturen ausdifferenziert. Bibellektüre wurde zum Kennzeichen der protestantischen Konfessionskultur, während die Katholiken eine stärker rituelle und visuelle Gruppenkultur ausbildeten.
Die Thorner Generalsynode von 1595
Authors: Sławinski Wojciech
Published: November 2014

This is a detailed analysis of the General Synod of the Polish Protestants in Toruń in 1595. The article discusses the following aspects of the synod: the participants of the synod; the synod’s aims and organization; the conflict about the Lord’s Supper; the case of the Lutheran pastor Paul Gericke from Poznan, who refused to agree to the synod’s decisions; the question of Trinitarianism; the canons of the Synod of Toruń ; political projects discussed at the synod; the participation of Orthodox churchmen; the role of the Prussian towns Gdańsk, Elbląg and Toruń .
Zur Auffindung der ältesten Augsburger Kirchenordnung von 1534 Mit einer Edition der Handschrift
Authors: Arend Sabine
Published: November 2014

In the city archive in Giengen on the Brenz, a manuscript was discovered that in all probability deals with the oldest known ecclesiastical ordinance of Augsburg. On the basis of other information, the text itself has long been regarded as lost. The ordinance encompasses regulations for the contraction of marriage, baptism, the Lord’s Supper, and also evening prayers. In its content, it stands in close relation to other ordinances governing evangelical church activity in Augsburg. On the basis of its internal structure and its visible connection to the Reformation in Strasbourg, Martin Bucer may be regarded as its intellectual father. The ordinance originated toward the end of 1534. It is thus two and a half years older than the July 1537 text that up until now has been regarded as the first ecclesiastical ordinance of Augsburg. The ordinance of 1534 does not, to be sure, contain any of the earliest Reformation mandates, but it is nevertheless the first comprehensive ordinance for the Augsburg churches. Together with the Strasbourg ecclesiastical ordinance of the same year, this text belongs to the phase of comprehensive reorganization of evangelical religious existence. Numerous upper German imperial cities undertook such restructuring in the aftermath of the 1530 imperial diet of Augsburg. This document belongs, therefore, to the important evidence of the creation of a Lutheran order in the upper German imperial cities.
Das Itinerar des Wolfgang Musculus (1536)
Authors: Reinhardt Henning
Published: November 2014

This is an edition of the itinerary which the Augsburg preacher Wolfgang Musculus (1497-1563) wrote during his trip to the Wittenberg Concord meeting in May of 1536. The introduction to the edition puts the itinerary into the context of Musculus’ biography (1), describes the autograph of the source (2), analyses the connections between Musculus’ itinerary and another report of the meeting in the Acta Wittenbergica| (3), offers a critique of the nineteenth-century edition of the itinerary by Theodor Kolde (4), introduces three other sources which, in addition to the itinerary, help to reconstruct the Wittenberg Concord meeting (5), and finally, explains the relevance of the new edition to Reformation history (6).
Religious Toleration and Confessional Identity: Catholics and Protestants in Seventeenth-Century Orange
Authors: Eurich S. Amanda
Published: November 2014

Nachdem im 16. Jahrhundert im Fürstentum Orange im wesentlichen die calvinistischen Eliten den Ton angaben, gelang es den Prinzen von Orange im Laufe des 17. Jahrhunderts zunehmend, die Bikonfessionalität des Territoriums durchzusetzen. Dies führte jedoch keineswegs zu Toleranz oder einer Annäherung der Konfessionen im Alltag. Vielmehr kultivierten Calvinisten und Katholiken Frömmigkeitspraktiken, die die Abgrenzung zwischen den Konfessionen verschärften. Insbesondere im Kontext der Armenfürsorge und der Abendmahls-/Eucharistiefeier wurde die konfessionelle Rivalität geschürt, so daß es auch zu Ausbrüchen von Gewalt kam. Zwischen 1660 und 1697 wurde die Konfessionalisierung der Gesellschaft durch die dreimalige Besetzung des Fürstentums durch Frankreich weiter vorangetrieben. Damit unterstreicht die Geschichte Oranges die Komplexität des Konfessionalisierungsprozesses, in dem gesellschaftliches Handeln einerseits und kirchliche sowie politische Institutionen andererseits ineinanderwirkten.
What is Post-Confessional Reformation History?
Authors: Benedict Philip
Published: November 2014

Obwohl an den neueren Überblickdarstellungen von James D. Tracy and Diarmaid MacCullough deutlich wird, das die Reformationshistoriographie im wesentlichen nicht mehr konfessionell determiniert ist, gibt es doch weiterhin eine konfessionell geprägte Geschichtsschreibung an den „theological seminaries“ sowie in der Täuferforschung. Dieser Pluralismus der Methoden ist einer durchgehend post-konfessionellen und säkularisierten Historiographie vorzuziehen, da er dazu beiträgt, neue Fragestellungen zu entwickeln. Statt das Ziel einer gänzlich säkularisierten Geschichtsschreibung anzustreben, sollten Historiker und Historikerinnen sich um eine post-nationale Reformationsgeschichtsschreibung bemühen sowie um den Erhalt ihres Faches als Teil des universitären Curriculums.
“Confusion” around the Magdeburg Confession and the Making of “Revolutionary Early Modern Resistance Theory”
Authors: Friedeburg Robert von
Published: November 2014

Der Beitrag antwortet auf den im Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte 96 (2005) erschienen Aufsatz von David M. Whitford über “From Speyer to Magdeburg: The Development and Maturation of a Hybrid Theory of Resistance to Tyranny”. Dabei werden einzelne Punkte der Argumentation diskutiert und kommentiert sowie am Schluß ein Forschungsausblick geboten. Besonderer Nachdruck wird dabei auf die mittelalterlichen und spätmittelalterlichen Hintergründe der Diskussionen der 1520er bis 1550er Jahre gelegt, ohne welche die gesamte Debatte zum Widerstandsrecht nicht verstanden werden kann.
Clerical Marriage and Territorial Reformation in Ernestine Saxony and the Diocese of Merseburg in 1522–1524
Authors: Plummer Marjorie Elisabeth
Published: November 2014

Anfang des Jahres 1522 erreichte die Debatte über die Priesterehe die Diözese Merseburg, als die beiden Pfarrer Johann Stumpf und Franz Klotzsch sich zur Heirat entschlossen. Stumpf und Klotzsch verteidigten ihr Handeln in mündlicher und schriftlicher Form vor den bischöflichen und herzoglichen Beamten, während andere Pfarrer sich entschieden gegen die Priesterehe aussprachen. Die durch Aktenmaterial gut belegten Fälle zeigen, wie sich die Reformation außerhalb Wittenbergs durchsetzten konnte. Insbesondere die Korrespondenz zwischen Friedrich dem Weisen und dem Bischof von Merseburg erhellt den reichspolitischen Umgang mit der erstarkenden Reformationsbewegung in den Jahren 1522-24. In der frühen Reformation war die Priesterehe ein in höchstem Maße öffentlicher und umstrittener Akt, der durch zahlreiche Interessen - theologische, rechtliche, gemeindliche und persönliche - bestimmt war.
Masculinity Restored: The Visual Shaping of St. John of the Cross
Authors: Wilson Christopher C.
Published: November 2014

Johannes vom Kreuz (1542-1591) war einer der ersten Ordensbrüder, den Teresa vonA´ vila für ihre Reformpläne des Karmeliterordens gewann. Das Ansehen, das er dadurch gewann, war aber nicht frei von Spannungen. Denn Teresa wurde bereits von ihren Zeitgenossen vorgeworfen, sie beherrsche und kontrolliere die Männer und kehre dadurch die Geschlechterhierarchie um. So wurde Johannes vom Kreuz einerseits verehrt wegen seiner Nähe zu Teresa, die rasch heiliggesprochen worden war und deren Bücher in den katholischen Ländern Europas weite Verbreitung fanden. Andererseits war es gerade die enge Beziehung zu der Heiligen, die das Ansehen Johannes’ vom Kreuz schwächte. Denn dadurch wurden die Autorität und Selbstbestimmung gemindert, die nach Ansicht der Zeit „Männlichkeit“ ausmachten. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurden in den Dekaden vor seiner Selig- (1674) und Heiligsprechung (1726) Kunstwerke in Auftrag gegeben, die Johannes als gleichberechtigten Reformer und geistlichen Berater Teresas zeigen.
Mitteilung der Redaktion
Authors: Schilling Heinz
Published: November 2014

This focal point presents the sermons and speeches which were given in Augsburg on 25 September 2005 to celebrate the 450th anniversary of the Religious Peace of Augsburg. The focal point is supplemented by an overview article, in which the celebrations and exhibitions which took place in Germany in 2005 are discussed.
Buchbesprechung – Diskussion / Review – Discussion: Rejoinder to Robert von Friedeburg
Authors: Whitford David M.
Published: November 2014

In seiner Antwort auf Robert von Friedeburg argumentiert David M. Whitford, von Friedeburg habe seinen Beitrag über “From Speyer to Magdeburg: The Development and Maturation of a Hybrid Theory of Resistance to Tyranny” im Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte 96 (2005) falsch interpretiert. Dies führe zu einer Verfälschung der Argumentation des Aufsatzes. Whitford beschäftigt sich mit zwei der Friedeburgschen Kritikpunkte, um zu zeigen, daß von Friedeburg seines Erachtens den Aufsatz nicht angemessen würdigt, um in eine inhaltliche Diskussion eintreten zu können.
Geschichte im Museum – Die Reformationsabteilung in der neuen Dauerausstellung des Deutschen Historischen Museums in Berlin
Authors: Müller Siegfried
Published: November 2014

On 2 July 2006, the German Historical Museum in Berlin opened its new permanent exhibition. This essay, from the point of view of a historian of museums, pursues the question of how the history of the Reformation is presented.
Eine neue Luther-Debatte: Anmerkungen nicht nur in eigener Sache
Authors: Leppin Volker
Published: November 2014

Volker Leppin’s biography of Luther has resulted in a lively discussion in German historiography. In this article, the author addresses some of the reviews of his book by explaining his view of the major points of contention. For example, he argues for a critical interpretation of Luther’s ego-documents, especially those of the older Luther who reflected on his earlier years, in particular the alleged “Reformation turning point.” Leppin regards the idea of the closeness of God as Luther’s leading theological concept, which the reformer developed further both in the medieval-mystic tradition as well as in his theology of justification. Thus, the transition from the Middle Ages to the early modern period is seen not as a break, but as a slow transformation which nevertheless also resulted in radically new developments, among others the concept of the priesthood of all believers.
Friedenstiften als kirchliche Praktik.
Authors: Hofheinz Marco
Published: November 2014

This article provides a contribution to the concept of a peace ethics which understands human peacemaking as a churchly practice accepting and joining in God's reconciling works. From a pacifist stance, the author argues that ecclesial ethics allows a forceful reframing of the just war tradition as it is developed in the largely unknown Reformed confessions of the l61 h century. A theological exploration of the peace church's pathos drives the author towards a rediscovery of the church's central worshiping practices, such as eucharist, as distinctively peacemaking practices. Following John Calvin's and Karl Barth's ethical account, the mode of peacemaking is defined as a hastening that waits.
Technik und Theologie. Was ist der Gegenstand einer theologischen Technikethik?
Authors: Schwarke Christian
Published: November 2014

The paper argues that the history of technology proves some common assumptions of the theological treatment of technology to be wrang. Therefore both the relation of technology to the Christian culture and the place of technology within Christian doctrine have to be reconsidered. As technology does not merely Substitute but supplements the existing the idea of the concursus divinus is a more adequate expression for a theological understanding of technology than the doctrine of creation. In terms of method the ethics of technology deals with the different perceptions of a given technique, which is tobe evaluated with respect to its many places in contemporary culture.
Glanz und Elend der Intimität
Authors: Berner Knut
Published: November 2014

Fora human being, intimacy is relevant for bis self-conception, bis relationships with others, with material objects and with god. Intimacy proves its glamour and its susceptibility to trouble in these four perceptional areas. The essay covers positive and negative aspects of some changes in perceptions of intimacy that result from social change and the introduction of new technologies. Theological ethics serves to limit and protect intimacy. At the same time, theological ethics has to emphasise and to substantiate the meaning of christian commandment of love beyond the human close-up range.
DOES PALM OIL VITAMIN E REDUCE THE RISK OF PREGNANCY INDUCED HYPERTENSION?
Authors: Mahdy Zaleha Abdullah , Siraj Harlina Halizah , Khaza'ai Huzwah , Mutalib Mohd Sokhini Abdul , Azwar Muhammad Hatta , Wahab Marianah Abdul , Dali Ahmad Zailani Hatta Md , Jaafar Rohana , Ismail Nor Azlin Mohd , Jamil Muhammad Abdul , Adeeb Nafisah
Published: November 2014

In view of the high anti-oxidative potential of tocotrienol, the role of the tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) of palm oil in preventing pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) was explored in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial in an urban teaching hospital. Healthy primigravidae were randomized to receive either oral TRF 100mg daily or placebo, from early second trimester until delivery. Out of 299 women, 151 were randomized into the TRF arm and 148 into the placebo arm. A total of 15 (5.0%) developed PIH. Although there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of PIH (4/151 or 2.6% in the TRF arm vs 11/148 or 7.4% in the placebo arm, p = 0.058) between the two arms, there was a tendency towards a lower incidence of PIH in the TRF arm compared to the placebo arm. With TRF supplementation, the relative risk (RR) of PIH was 0.36 (95% CI 0.12–1.09). In conclusion, although TRF from palm oil does not statistically significantly reduce the risk of development of PIH in the population studied, the 64% reduction in incidence of PIH is substantial. The findings warrant further clinical trials, particularly in high risk populations.
THERMO-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF NITI CLOSED COIL SPRINGS – FORCE DEGRADATION AND FORCE REGENERATION OVER TIME, VISCOUS PROPERTIES
Authors: Bezrouk Aleš , Balský Libor , Smutný Martin , Nosek Tomáš , Záhora Jiří , Hanuš Josef , Polma Richard
Published: November 2014

Introduction: The aim of this study was to find out the impact of degradation and regeneration of force over time at NiTi springs on the value and course of the final acting force and to verify the possibility of using these phenomena for a directed transition to the reverse plateau and its maintaining. Methods: Static and cyclic mechanical loadings were performed. At first unused springs were tested. Afterwards the springs were mechanically stabilized by stress cycling and finally tested again. The difference in shape of the working curves was assessed. For simulation and description of the force degradation the modified Voight model was used. Results: New springs, mainly those with large hysteresis, showed a significant stress-strain curve movement and shape changes during the cycling. The effect of the stress-strain curve course change disappeared fully in the stabilized springs. Multiple loading led to an overall decrease of force value during the measurement. The effect of force degradation and regeneration over time by simple static loading varies in the range of percentage of the nominal force in the plateau area. The transition between stress-strain curve phases caused by the degradation or regeneration of the force wasn’t observed in case of mechanically stabilized springs. Conclusions: Springs should be mechanically stabilized before their application. The degree of force degradation over time is insignificant for mechanically stabilized springs. Degradation or regeneration of force over time, mechanical stabilization or micromovements in the mouth don’t cause any transition between individual stress-strain curve phases.
A COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT RUBBER DAM SYSTEMS ON A DENTAL SIMULATOR
Authors: Kapitán Martin , Šustová Zdeňka , Ivančaková Romana , Suchánek Jakub
Published: November 2014

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that more recently developed rubber dam systems (OptraDam®Plus and OptiDam™) are faster and easier to handle, and that the quality of isolation is not decreased. The rubber dam systems were applied in standard conditions on a dental simulator in several model clinical situations. The time of preparation, application and removal were measured and the quality of isolation was evaluated. The median time of rubber dam placement was 51 s (Q1 = 38 s; Q3 = 79 s). The shortest median time of application was with OptiDam™ (42 s), followed by a conventional rubber dam (53 s), and finally the longest was with OptraDam®Plus (58 s). The median volume of fluid remaining in the isolated space after 5 minutes was 9.5 mL (Q1 = 8 mL; Q3 = 10 mL). The largest median volume of remaining water was with OptiDam™ (10 mL), followed by a conventional rubber dam (9.5 mL) and the least with OptraDam®Plus (8.5 mL). The afore-stated hypothesis about the advantages of modern rubber dam isolation systems was accepted for OptiDam™, but rejected for OptraDam®Plus. The results could contribute to decision-making concerning the choice of rubber dam system.
CELLULAR RESPONSES TO EGG-OIL (CHARISMON©)
Authors: Bereiter-Hahn Jürgen , Bernd August , Beschmann Heike , Eberle Irina , Kippenberger Stefan , Rossberg Maila , Strecker Valentina , Zöller Nadja
Published: November 2014

Egg-oil (Charismon©) is known for its beneficial action in wound healing and other skin irritancies and its antibacterial activity. The physiological basis for these actions has been investigated using cells in culture: HaCaT-cells (immortalized human keratinocytes), human endothelial cells in culture (HUVEC), peripheral blood mononuclear lymphocytes (PBML) and a full thickness human skin model (FTSM). Emphasis was on the influence of egg-oil on cell migration and IL-8 production in HaCaT cells, respiration, mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen (ROS) production and proliferation in HUVEC and HaCaT cells, cytokine and interleukin production in PBML and UV-light induced damage of FTSM. IL-8 production by HaCaT cells is stimulated by egg-oil whilst in phythemagglutinin-activated PBMLs production of the interleukins IL-2, IL-6, IL-10 and IFN-γ and TFN-α is reduced. ROS-production after H2O2stimulation first is enhanced but later on reduced. Respiration becomes activated due to partial uncoupling of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and proliferation of HaCaT and HUVEC is reduced. Recovery of human epidermis cells in FTSM after UV-irradiation is strongly supported by egg-oil. These results support the view that egg-oil acts through reduction of inflammatory processes and ROS production. Both these processes are equally important in cellular aging as in healing of chronic wounds.
RADIOIODINE TREATMENT OF GRAVES’ DISEASE – DOSE/RESPONSE ANALYSIS
Authors: Čepková Jitka , Horáček Jiří , Vižďa Jaroslav , Doležal Jiří
Published: November 2014

The clinical outcome of 153 Graves’ disease patients treated with a wide dose range of radioactive iodine-131 (RAI) was analyzed retrospectively. Six to nine months after the first dose of RAI 60 patients (39%) were hypothyroid (or rather thyroxine-substituted) and 26 (17%) were euthyroid, while 67 patients (44%) did not respond properly: in 32 (21%) their antithyroid drug (ATD) dose could be reduced but not withdrawn (partial response) and 35 (23%) remained hyperthyroid or the same dose of ATD was necessary (no response). The outcome did not correspond significantly to the administered activity of RAI (medians 259, 259, 222, and 259 MBq for hypothyroid, euthyroid, partial, and no response subgroups, respectively), or the activity retained in the gland at 24 h (medians 127, 105, 143, and 152 MBq). The effect was, however, clearly, and in a stepwise pattern, dependent on initial thyroid volume (17, 26, 33 and 35 ml, P < 0.001) or activity per gram tissue retained at 24 h (6.02, 4.95, 4.75, and 4.44 MBq/g, P = 0.002). Also, higher residual level of thyrotoxicosis at the time of RAI treatment was connected with worse outcome. The dose-dependency of outcome was further analyzed. When our sample was divided into tertiles, according to the adjusted dose, the same modest success rates (47%) were seen in the lower and middle tertiles. However, doses higher than 5.88 MBq/g (the upper tertile) resulted in success rate of 75%. Finer division into decils has shown a threshold-like increase in cure rate between the 7th and the 8th decil. In the first 7 decils (doses ≤ 6 MBq/g) the complete response rate was 45 to 50%, in the 8th decil (6.0 to 7.8~MBq/g) it rose to 80% and was not further increased with increasing dose. Direct comparison of higher (> 6 MBq/g, cure rate 80%) and lower (≤ 6 MBq/g, cure rate 46%) doses gave highly significant difference (P < 0.001). With our dosing range we found a dose-dependent clinical outcome that suggests an optimum delivered dose near 6.5 MBq/g, resulting in successful treatment of ca 80% patients.
Biology, detection, and clinical implications of circulating tumor cells
Authors: Joosse Simon A , Gorges Tobias M , Pantel Klaus
Published: November 2014

Cancer metastasis is the main cause of cancer‐related death, and dissemination of tumor cells through the blood circulation is an important intermediate step that also exemplifies the switch from localized to systemic disease. Early detection and characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is therefore important as a general strategy to monitor and prevent the development of overt metastatic disease. Furthermore, sequential analysis of CTCs can provide clinically relevant information on the effectiveness and progression of systemic therapies (e.g., chemo‐, hormonal, or targeted therapies with antibodies or small inhibitors). Although many advances have been made regarding the detection and molecular characterization of CTCs, several challenges still exist that limit the current use of this important diagnostic approach. In this review, we discuss the biology of tumor cell dissemination, technical advances, as well as the challenges and potential clinical implications of CTC detection and characterization.
Delayed presentation of late-onset cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea following dopamine agonist therapy for giant prolactinoma
Authors: Prague J K , Ward C L , Mustafa O G , Whitelaw B C , King A , Thomas N W , Gilbert J
Published: November 2014

Therapeutic shrinkage of prolactinomas with dopamine agonists achieves clinical benefit but can expose fistulae that have arisen as a result of bony erosion of the sella floor and anterior skull base by the invasive tumour, resulting in the potential development of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhoea, meningitis, and rarely pneumocephalus. Onset of symptoms is typically within 4 months of commencing therapy. The management is typically surgical repair via an endoscopic transnasal transsphenoidal approach. A 23-year-old man presented to the Emergency Department with acute left limb weakness and intermittent headaches. Visual fields were full to confrontation. Immediate computed tomography and subsequent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), demonstrated a 5 cm lobular/cystic mass invading the right cavernous sinus, displacing and compressing the midbrain, with destruction of the bony sella. He was referred to the regional pituitary multidisciplinary team (MDT). Serum prolactin was 159 455 mIU/l (7514.37 ng/ml) (normal ranges 100–410 mIU/l (4.72–19.34 ng/ml)). Cabergoline was commenced causing dramatic reduction in tumour size and resolution of neurological symptoms. Further dose titrations were required as the prolactin level plateaued and significant residual tumour remained. After 13 months of treatment, he developed continuous daily rhinorrhea, and on presenting to his general practitioner was referred to an otolaryngologist. When next seen in the routine regional pituitary clinic six-months later he was admitted for urgent surgical repair. Histology confirmed a prolactinoma with a low proliferation index of 2% (Ki-67 antibody). In view of partial cabergoline resistance he completed a course of conventional radiotherapy. Nine months after treatment the serum prolactin had fallen to 621 mIU/l, and 12 months after an MRI showed reduced tumour volume.

Learning points

CSF rhinorrhoea occurred 13 months after the initiation of cabergoline, suggesting a need for vigilance throughout therapy.

Dedicated bony imaging should be reviewed early in the patient pathway to assess the potential risk of CSF rhinorrhoea after initiation of dopamine agonist therapy.

There was a significant delay before this complication was brought to the attention of the regional pituitary MDT, with associated risk whilst left untreated. This demonstrates a need for patients and healthcare professionals to be educated about early recognition and management of this complication to facilitate timely and appropriate referral to the MDT for specialist advice and management. We changed our nurse-led patient education programme as a result of this case.

Having developed partial cabergoline resistance and CSF rhinorrhoea, an excellent therapeutic response was achieved with conventional radiotherapy after limited surgery.
An Epiallele at cly1 Affects the Expression of Floret Closing (Cleistogamy) in Barley
Authors: Wang Ning , Ning Shunzong , Wu Jianzhong , Tagiri Akemi , Komatsuda Takao
Published: November 2014

The swelling of the lodicule is responsible for floret opening in many grass species, allowing for pollen dispersal and cross-pollination. In barley, the closed floret habit (cleistogamy) is under the control of cly1, a gene that operates by inhibiting the development of the lodicule. In non-cleistogamous cultivars, cly1 mRNA is degraded by miR172-directed cleavage, allowing the lodicules to swell; however, in cultivars carrying the recessive allele cly1.b, a single-nucleotide substitution destroys the miR172 target site preventing mRNA cleavage. Barley cv. SV235 is cleistogamous; its cly1 coding sequence is identical to that of cly1.b, but its lodicules do develop, although insufficiently to produce a non-cleistogamous flower. In this cultivar, the downregulation of cly1 is unrelated to miR172-directed mRNA degradation, but rather is caused by an epiallele that represses transcription. Allelic relationships between known cly1 alleles were explored by the quantification of lodicule vascularization and an assessment of the response of the spike to the supply of exogenous auxin. The SV235 phenotype can be manipulated by a pre-anthesis application of 2,4-d, a feature that could be of interest in the context of hybrid barley grain production based on cleistogamy.
Is there correlation between cognition and functionality in severe dementia? The value of a performance-based ecological assessment for Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Wajman José R. , Oliveira Fabricio F. , Marin Sheilla M. C. , Schultz Rodrigo R. , Bertolucci Paulo H. F.
Published: November 2014

Objective Besides significant cognitive decline, patients in later stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) also present global functional impairment, usually reported by their caregivers. This study searched for preserved activities of daily living by investigating correlations among specific instruments for severe dementia with a performance-based functional scale. Method A sample of 95 moderate to severe AD patients and their caregivers underwent a neuropsychological battery consisting of screening tools, the Functional Assessment Staging Test (FAST), the Severe Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSEsev) and a performance-based ecological scale, the Performance Test of Activities of Daily Living (PADL). Results Consistent findings emerged from the comparisons among tests. PADL showed significant statistical correlation with MMSEsev (ρ<0.001), according to FAST subdivisions. Conclusion Upon suspicion of unreliable caregiver reports, ecological scales may be useful for disease staging. Variable degrees of functionality and cognition may be present even in later stages of AD, requiring proper assessment.
Antiepileptic drugs patterns in elderly inpatients in a Brazilian tertiary center, Salvador, Brazil
Authors: Assis Telma Rocha de , Nascimento Osvaldo J. M. , Costa Gersonita , Bacellar Aroldo
Published: November 2014

Epilepsy is very prevalent among elderly inpatients and treatment is far from ideal. Objective To analyze prescribing patterns of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) for hospitalized elderly with epilepsy, their relations with comorbidities and comedications. Method We assessed prescription regimen of elderly patients that were under AED use for treatment of epileptic seizures, during hospitalization. One hundred and nine patients were enrolled. AED regimen was categorized into two groups: Group 1 defined as appropriate (carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, valproic acid, gabapentin, clobazan and lamotrigine) and Group 2 as inappropriate (phenytoin and phenobarbital). Results We found 73.4% of patients used inappropriate AEDs (p<0.001). Monotherapy was prescribed for 71.6% of patients. The most common comorbidity was hypertension. Potentially proconvulsant drugs as comedications were used for nearly half of patients. Conclusion Inappropriate AED therapy was commonly prescribed regimen for elderly inpatients. Some recommendations are discussed for a better care of elderly inpatients with epilepsy.
Pigmentos fotossintéticos em azevém suscetível e resistente ao herbicida glyphosate
Authors: Kaspary Tiago Edu , Lamego Fabiane Pinto , Peruzzo Sabrina Tolotti , Pagliarini Isabel Bellinaso , Rigon Carlos Alberto Gonsiorkiewicz
Published: November 2014

O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar o teor de pigmentos fotossintéticos em biótipos de azevém (Lolium multiflorum) suscetíveis e resistentes ao glyphosate, por dois diferentes métodos, bem como, estabelecer uma correlação entre o índice de clorofila obtido pelo equipamento portátil e a metodologia clássica (clorofila extraível). Um experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação e laboratório da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus de Frederico Westphalen - RS - em esquema fatorial 2X4, em que o fator A equivaleu aos biótipos de azevém (resistente e suscetível a glyphosate) e o fator B a estádios de desenvolvimento das plantas (afilhamento, vegetativo I e II, e reprodutivo). O biótipo de azevém suscetível apresentou maiores teores de clorofila a, b, total e carotenoides, inferindo em um maior potencial competitivo frente ao biótipo resistente ao herbicida. A determinação do teor de clorofila pelo determinador portátil apresentou alta correlação com o método clássico de determinação de pigmentos fotossintéticos, podendo, assim, ser usado com precisão na avaliação deste, proporcionando economia de tempo bem como do uso de reagentes.