bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Irreversibility as thermodynamic time
Authors: Hwang Charles C.
Published: April 2021

In Newtonian mechanics, time and space are perceived as absolute entities. In Einstein’s relativity theory, time is frame dependent. Time is also affected by gravitational field and as the field varies in space, time also varies throughout space. In the present article, the thermodynamic-based time is investigated. In macroscopic view of thermodynamics, energy is conserved in every system or process. On the other hand, exergy (availability) is not conserved and can be destroyed, and “irreversibility” is generated. Since each thermodynamic system may generate different amounts of irreversibility, this quantity is system dependent. The present article investigates the characteristics of entity irreversibility. (1) It is found that the entity behaves in the similar manner as the clock time in the standard configuration of inertial frames under Lorentz transformation. (2) It is also found that the entity is affected by gravity fields in the similar manner as the clock time. We have demonstrated that, like clock time, irreversibility is frame dependent, and affected by gravity in the similar manner as the clock time. For these reasons, we propose to call theirreversibilityof the system as the thermodynamic time. The time’s arrow is automatically satisfied, since irreversibility generation always proceeds in one direction (toward future). Based on the strength of the findings (1) and (2), a possible application of the irreversibility is an interpretation and management of the aging of biological systems. It is shown by other authors that entropy generation (equivalent to irreversibility) is a parameter for the human life span. Our sensation of time flow may be attributed to the flow of availability and destruction of it through the living system.
Algebraic computational methods for solving three nonlinear vital models fractional in mathematical physics
Authors: Gepreel Khaled A. , Mahdy Amr M. S.
Published: April 2021

This research paper uses a direct algebraic computational scheme to construct the Jacobi elliptic solutions based on the conformal fractional derivatives for nonlinear partial fractional differential equations (NPFDEs). Three vital models in mathematical physics [the space-time fractional coupled Hirota Satsuma KdV equations, the space-time fractional symmetric regularized long wave (SRLW equation), and the space-time fractional coupled Sakharov–Kuznetsov (S–K) equations] are investigated through the direct algebraic method for more explanation of their novel characterizes. This approach is an easy and powerful way to find elliptical Jacobi solutions to NPFDEs. The hyperbolic function solutions and trigonometric functions where the modulus and, respectively, are degenerated by Jacobi elliptic solutions. In this style, we get many different kinds of traveling wave solutions such as rational wave traveling solutions, periodic, soliton solutions, and Jacobi elliptic solutions to nonlinear evolution equations in mathematical physics. With the suggested method, we were fit to find much explicit wave solutions of nonlinear integral differential equations next converting them into a differential equation. We do the 3D and 2D figures to define the kinds of outcome solutions. This style is moving, reliable, powerful, and easy for solving more difficult nonlinear physics mathematically.
Microparticles: Reliable Markers of Thrombosis
Authors: Chopra Shelly
Published: April 2021

Microparticles are vesicles that bud off cells in response to extracellular stimulation or apoptosis. They play an important role in the regulation of physiological and pathological pathways such as clot formation and the progression of thrombotic disease by influencing the expression of critical proteins and cofactors. The following Critical Review evaluates research findings on the potential significance of microparticles as indicators of thrombotic risk.
Beyond the headlines and into the health of Syrian refugees
Authors: Fong Emily , Kilan Alexandra , Halawa Sara , Zhu Annie
Published: April 2021

Beyond the headlines and into the health of Syrian refugees
The implications of antimalarial overprescription
Authors: Kaur Dhaliwal Jasneet
Published: April 2021

The implications of antimalarial overprescription
MedBulletin
Authors: Rayner Daniel , Sadeghian Shadi
Published: April 2021

MedBulletin
Is There a Limit to Human Life Expectancy?
Authors: Levesque Alexander Ryan
Published: April 2021

The analysis and prediction of life expectancy trends hold an important role in many aspects of our society. On a macro level, governments rely on life expectancy data to make decisions about public welfare programs, health care, retirement age, and pension programs. On an individual level, many people take life expectancy data into account when planning their retirements and making decisions about their future. Currently, two main schools of thought dominate the debate on the trajectory of life expectancy trends. The Olshansky School argues that global human life expectancy is reaching its absolute limit and predicts that a worldwide plateau in life expectancy will soon be reached. The Vaupel School, however, believes that such a plateau is nowhere in sight, and that humans possess no biological barrier that will prevent life expectancy from increasing indefinitely. In this commentary, I build upon the evidence generated by the Vaupel School by introducing socioeconomic factors into the debate and I argue that with consistent  improvements to medical technology and general prosperity we will not encounter a biological limit to human life expectancy in our lifetimes.
Variable Branching Characteristics of Peripheral Taste Neurons Indicates Differential Convergence
Authors: Huang Tao , Ohman Lisa C. , Clements Anna V. , Whiddon Zachary D. , Krimm Robin F.
Published: April 2021

Taste neurons are functionally and molecularly diverse, but their morphologic diversity remains completely unexplored. Using sparse cell genetic labeling, we provide the first reconstructions of peripheral taste neurons. The branching characteristics across 96 taste neurons show surprising diversity in their complexities. Individual neurons had 1–17 separate arbors entering between one and seven taste buds, 18 of these neurons also innervated non-taste epithelia. Axon branching characteristics are similar in gustatory neurons from male and female mice. Cluster analysis separated the neurons into four groups according to branch complexity. The primary difference between clusters was the amount of the nerve fiber within the taste bud available to contact taste-transducing cells. Consistently, we found that the maximum number of taste-transducing cells capable of providing convergent input onto individual gustatory neurons varied with a range of 1–22 taste-transducing cells. Differences in branching characteristics across neurons indicate that some neurons likely receive input from a larger number of taste-transducing cells than other neurons (differential convergence). By dividing neurons into two groups based on the type of taste-transducing cell most contacted, we found that neurons contacting primarily sour transducing cells were more heavily branched than those contacting primarily sweet/bitter/umami transducing cells. This suggests that neuron morphologies may differ across functional taste quality. However, the considerable remaining variability within each group also suggests differential convergence within each functional taste quality. Each possibility has functional implications for the system.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTaste neurons are considered relay cells, communicating information from taste-transducing cells to the brain, without variation in morphology. By reconstructing peripheral taste neuron morphologies for the first time, we found that some peripheral gustatory neurons are simply branched, and can receive input from only a few taste-transducing cells. Other taste neurons are heavily branched, contacting many more taste-transducing cells than simply branched neurons. Based on the type of taste-transducing cell contacted, branching characteristics are predicted to differ across (and within) quality types (sweet/bitter/umami vs sour). Therefore, functional differences between neurons likely depends on the number of taste-transducing cells providing input and not just the type of cell providing input.
EFFECT OF UV-C TREATMENT ON MICROBIAL POPULATION AND BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS OF ORANGE JUICE USING MODIFIED REACTOR BASED ON DEAN VORTEX FLOW
Authors: BARUT GÖK Sıla
Published: April 2021

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of UV-C treatment using a modified UV-C reactor based on Dean vortex flow. Parameters taken into account were total aerobic bacteria count and yeast and mould counts, antioxidant capacity, total phenolic content, 5-HMF content, furan formation and sensory attributes. A UV-C treatment with 68.75 mJ/cm2 led to 2.21-log CFU/ml and 1.13-log CFU/ml reduction of TMAB and YM count, respectively. DPPH radical scavenging activity and total phenolic content of UV-C treated orange juice significantly decreased. However, UV-C induced reduction of HMF was observed. UV-C treatment would be a beneficial method to eliminate or decrease the HMF content if HMF were present in the juice as a consequences of obtained results. pH and °Brix remained constant after UV-C treatment. No furan formation was detected and no significant change observed in the quality attributes in regards to appearance and colour.
Українські еліти: конфлікт між «кочубеїзмом» і «мазепинством» (спроба філософсько-світоглядного аналізу)
Authors: Грабовська І.
Published: April 2021

Розглянуто проблему вибору українських еліт крізь призму понять «кочубеїзму»/«мазепинства» в історичній ретроспективі та перспективі існування незалежної самостійної української держави. Під «мазепинством» у сучасному українському соціогуманітарному дискурсі мається на увазі рух за виборення свободи для України, позбавлення української держави будь-яких форм колоніальної та неоколоніальної залежності. У філософському плані ця проблема розглядається якнайширше як питання співвідношення Добра і Зла для власної Батьківщини і народу. Поняття «кочубеїзм» («кочубеївщина») вживається для означення схильності до національної зради та самозради, сервілізм, ментальна настанова до рабства та підкорення чужим володарям. «Кочубеївщина» розглядалась Є. Маланюком як найгірший прояв малоросійства. Під малоросійством Є. Маланюк розумів «завжди поразку, ганьбу», програш, меншовартість особистості і нації в цілому. Конфлікт між ідейними та світоглядними установками «кочубеїзму»/«мазепинства» є непримиренним. Проте робота із носіями цих ідей та світоглядних установок при певних умовах може привести як до позитивного для України як самостійної держави результату, так і до негативного. Зроблено висновок щодо необхідності рішучого вибору українством не лише європейськості, але і українськості задля збереження України та перемоги у боротьбі за власну свободу і незалежність.
Прояви антисемитизму у вищих навчальних закладах УСРР (1920–1930 рр.)
Authors: Рябченко О. Л. , Гончарова О. С.
Published: April 2021

Досліджено форми та найпоширеніші прояви антисемітизму у вищих навчальних закладах УСРР. Здійснено аналіз лексики, яка використовувалась для характеристики антисемітських настроїв та боротьби з ними. Дослідження проводиться в методологічних рамках історії повсякденності і побудовано на зведеннях і оглядах ОГПУ, протоколах партійних і комсомольських зборів, матеріалах періодики і его-документах. Зазначено, що перші десятиліття радянської влади в Україні характеризуються різким спалахом антисемітських настроїв. Цей феномен пов’язується із такою специфічною рисою антисемітизму як укоріненість його у глибинах масової свідомості. Тому і в перші радянські десятиліття, і сьогодні люди схильні обвинувачувати євреїв у економічних труднощах чи своїх невдачах. Виділяються дві форми антисемітизму: активно-свідомий і несвідомий. Аналізуються найпоширеніші його прояви: образливі вислови у повсякденному спілкуванні; звинувачення євреїв у труднощах, які переживали у ті часи усі громадяни; розповсюдження чуток про привілеї, які ніби існують для євреїв; питання про введення відсоткової норми для євреїв при вступі до інститутів; розповсюдження анекдотів, листівок та антисемітських віршів; побиття євреїв. Оскільки антисемітизм вважався одним із проявів контрреволюційної пропаганди та загострення класової боротьби у радянському суспільстві, то хуліганські вчинки за традицією кваліфікувалися як результат «засміченості» вищих навчальних закладів «класово-ворожими елементами».
Enteroparasitosis en escolares, problema de salud pública. Intervención desde el Sistema Nacional Integrado de Salud de Uruguay
Authors: Da Rosa Alvarez Walner Daniel , Acuña Ana María , Giachetto Gustavo , Durán Elena , Cancel María José , Gutiérrez Stella Gutiérrez , Picheli Elena
Published: April 2021

Objetivos Generar un modelo de intervención en promoción de salud, desde el Sistema Nacional Integrado de Salud (SNIS) de Uruguay, con promotores escolares de salud, recursos web y abordaje desde los centros educativos a la comunidad.Materiales y Métodos Estudio descriptivo transversal, de base poblacional, mediante un muestreo aleatorio, no agrupado, durante los meses de abril y diciembre de 2016. Se llevó a cabo una capacitación para escolares en promoción de salud, encuesta poblacional, herramientas web, exámenes parasitológicos y georreferenciación.Resultados Se observaron prevalencias de giardiasis, del 14% (IC95%: 11-17) (6,5 a 22%); y oxiurosis 26% (IC95: 22-30) (20 a 44%). Se visualizaron 45 conglomerados de geohelmintiasis (HTS), la mayoría en zonas con asentamientos poblacionales carentes de servicios básicos.Conclusiones La existencia de sectores poblacionales vulnerables con índices de contaminación fecal intradomiciliaria y ambientales hace necesario que el SNIS realice de forma sistemática actividades de promoción de salud que puedan aportar datos relevantes para intervenciones gubernamentales intersectoriales y para mejorar la salud de estos sectores desprotegidos.
COVID-19 y sus imaginarios socioculturales en Latinoamérica: una herramienta para la salud pública
Authors: Gómez González Maria del Pilar , Chávez Díaz Alexis , Macias Alejandra Sierra
Published: April 2021

Objetivo Identificar el contenido y organización de las representaciones sociales que tiene la población urbana de tres ciudades de América Latina sobre el COVID-19.Materiales y Métodos Estudio cualitativo hecho desde la antropología cognitiva a través del análisis estructural de las representaciones sociales. Se utilizaron técnicas de listados libres y comparación de pares de febrero a abril de 2020 en Pereira (Colombia), en la zona metropolitana de Guadalajara (México) y en León (también en México). Participaron 97 personas de ambos sexos (97 en la primera fase y 71 en la segunda), mayores de edad y que su ocupación o profesión no tuvieran relación con el área de salud; se realizó muestreo no probabilístico-propositivo.Resultados El imaginario sociocultural está asociado con términos como contagio y pandemia, con énfasis en los términos relacionados con la prevención de la enfermedad.Conclusiones Los saberes de la población sobre el COVID-19 privilegian aspectos clínicos y epidemiológicos, así como las medidas de contención y mitigación.
A preliminary investigation of the molten salt mediated synthesis of Gd2TiO5 ‘stuffed’ pyrochlore
Authors: Austin D. A. , Cole M. , Stennett M. C. , Corkhill C. L. , Hyatt N. C.
Published: April 2021

Refractory ‘stuffed’ pyrochlores such as Gd2TiO5 are of interest for nuclear applications, including as matrices for actinide disposition and as neutron absorbers in control rods. Here, we report the results of a preliminary comparative investigation of the synthesis of Gd2TiO5 by molten salt and conventional solid-state synthesis. We show that synthesis of Gd2TiO5 proceeds from the pyrochlore phase Gd2Ti2O7 which is first formed as a kinetic product. Molten salt synthesis afforded single phase Gd2TiO5 at 1300 °C in 2 h, via a template growth mechanism, and is effective for the synthesis of these refractory materials. This work demonstrates molten salt mediated synthesis of ‘stuffed’ pyrochlore for the first time.

Graphic abstract
Analysis of the stability of the computational algorithm to a change in the geometric parameters of cylindrical shell structures
Authors: Bakusov P. A , Semenov A. A
Published: April 2021

This study deals with testing sustainability of a computational algorithm to a change in geometric parameters of cylindrical shell structures. A change in geometry implies the replacement of one type of a cylindrical shell (elliptic, hyperbolic, parabolic) with another so that the quantitative change (the difference in elevations) in the area under consideration is minimal. On the one hand, this test allows to assessing the correctness of the algorithm itself and is relevant for algorithms that use both numerical methods and symbolic calculations. On the other hand, it allows to evaluating the possibility of simplifying calculations by approximating a complex surface with a simpler one both in understanding the surface definition itself and in expressing its basic characteristics such as Lame coefficients and main curvatures. A mathematical model of deformations of shell structures based on the hypotheses of Timoshenko (Mindlin - Reisner) are used in the work. The model takes into account transverse shifts, geometric nonlinearity and orthotropy of the material, and its written in the form of a functional of the total potential strain energy. The calculation algorithm is built on the basis of the Ritz method to reduce the variational problem of the minimum functional to the solution of a system of nonlinear algebraic equations, and on the method of continuing the solution with the best parameter for its solution. All calculations were carried out in dimensionless parameters. Three types of cylindrical panels are calculated, and critical loads of buckling and deflection fields at subcritical and supercritical moments are obtained. It is shown that for the considered class of problems the previously proposed mathematical model and computational algorithm are resistant to changes in the geometry of the structure.
Influence of preliminary thermal aging on the residual interlayer strength and staging of damage accumulation in structural carbon plastic
Authors: Lobanov D. S , Lunegova E. M , Mugatarov A. I
Published: April 2021

Aging of composites is a pervasive problem that leads to mechanical properties degradation, reduced design life of a structure and premature accidental failure. The work is devoted to an experimental study of the preliminary temperature aging effect on the residual mechanical properties of structural CFRP. The joint use of test systems and systems for registration and analysis of acoustic emission signals was applied. The Short Beam Shear Test of CFRP specimens were carried out using the short beam method. The tests were carried out on universal electromechanical systems Instron 5882 and Instron 5965 in accordance with the recommendations of ASTM D2344. In the process of loading the samples were continuously recorded by using the acoustic emission signals system AMSY-6. A piezoelectric sensor with a frequency range of 300-800 kHz was used. The test and diagnostic systems were synchronized during the tests. In the course of the work the values of the interlayer shear strength were determined for the samples of CFRP. Typical types of the sample destruction are illustrated. When analyzing the change in the mechanical properties of the carbon fiber reinforced plastic from a temperature increase the critical values of temperatures were established in which a sharp decline in the strength and elastic characteristics of materials occurs due to an active destruction of the binder. The graphs of the energy parameter dependence and frequency characteristics of acoustic emission signals on time have been constructed and analyzed. The estimate of the processes of damage accumulation in composites is carried out. The change of the damage accumulation mechanisms was illustrated. The obtained results illustrate the effect of elevated temperatures and the duration of their impact on the mechanical behavior of structural CFRP specimens during the static tests for the interlayer shear.
Constitutive relations for materials with strain state dependent properties
Authors: Lomakin E. V , Tishin P. V
Published: April 2021

Many materials demonstrate a dependence of mechanical properties on the type of stressed or deformed states. This is most noticeable in the dependence of the processes of shear and bulk deformation. Such materials include rocks, structural graphite, concrete, some grades of steel, cast iron, and aluminum. The main properties of these materials are an absence of a "single curve" relationship between the intensity of stresses and the intensity of deformations. Under shear conditions, bulk deformations can occur. Such materials can be described by constitutive equations that depend on the parameter of the type of a stress state, which is the ratio of the first invariant of the stress tensor to the stress intensity. Thus, these defining relations give the dependence of the strain tensor components on the stress tensor components. Such defining relations can be quite cumbersome, and therefore do not allow an analytical treatment to obtain defining relations that give the dependence of the components of the stress tensor on the components of the strain tensor. The paper proposes the constitutive relations obtained from the analysis of test results of various materials, which properties depend on the type of deformed state. Conditions are derived for material constants that ensure the uniqueness of the solution of boundary value problems. Based on experimental data obtained under the conditions of the proportional loading of various rocks: limestone and talcochlorite, as well as the results of mechanical tests of several grades of concrete, the constants of the mathematical model are determined. The results of the experimental studies are compared with theoretical dependencies predicted by the model. The limited applicability of the proposed constitutive relations is established.
The analysis of flutter characteristics based on generalized parameters of eigen modes of vibrations
Authors: Barinova K. I , Dolgopolov A. V , Orlova O. A , Pronin M. A
Published: April 2021

Flutter numerical analysis of a dynamically scaled model (DSM) of a high aspect ratio wing was performed using experimentally obtained generalized parameters of eigen modes of vibrations. The DSM is made of polymer composite materials and is designed for aeroelastic studies in a high-speed wind tunnel. As a result of the analysis, safe operation conditions (flutter limits) of the DSM were determined. The input data to develop the flutter mathematical model are DSM modal test results, i.e. eigen frequencies, mode shapes, modal damping coefficients, and generalized masses obtained from the experiment. The known methods to determine generalized masses have experimental errors. In this work some of the most practical methods to get generalized masses are used: mechanical loading, quadrature component addition and the complex power method. Errors of the above methods were analyzed, and the most reliable methods were selected for flutter analysis. Comparison was made between the flutter analysis using generalized parameters and a pure theoretical one based on developing the mathematical model from the DSM design specifications. According to the design specifications, the mathematical model utilizes the beam-like schematization of the wing. The analysis was performed for Mach numbers from 0.2 to 0.8 and relative air densities of 0.5, 1, 1.5. Comparison of the two methods showed the difference in critical flutter dynamic pressure no more than 6%, which indicates good prospects of the flutter analysis based on generalized parameters of eigen modes.
Social and technical readiness for a telehealth assessment service for adults with complex wheelchair needs: A national survey of stakeholders
Authors: Graham Fiona , Bowland Pauline , Wallace Sally , Taylor William J. , Jones Bernadette , Maggo Jasjot , Grainger Rebecca
Published: April 2021

Wheelchairs can significantly improve quality of life for those who need them, yet access to physiotherapists or occupationaltherapists specialising in wheelchair and seating assessment can be difficult, especially for Māori. This paper reports on a national online survey that was undertaken as phase 1 of a mixed methods study of key stakeholders of the perceived social and technical requirements of a telehealth wheelchair assessment service for people with complex mobility needs. Key stakeholders included wheelchair users and their families, specialist and non-specialist assessors, technicians, and service managers. Responses (n = 114) indicated perceived shortcomings with current in-person assessment. Telehealth assessment was anticipated to improve service quality, particularly the timeliness of services (52/92, 57%) and prioritisation of the urgency of assessment (71/92, 77%). Preferences were for use of existing software rather than bespoke systems. Training in conducting assessment via telehealth was considered essential by most assessors (29/41, 71%). Internet connectivity was in place for most wheelchair users (43/47, 92%) but was inadequate for 29% (14/49) of assessors (pre-COVID-19). Mäori wheelchair users largely had infrastrucuture in place for telehealth assessment (10/11, 91%) and held positive expectations of it. Telehealth wheelchair and seating assessment is anticipated to improve the quality of care for wheelchair users with complex needs. Upgraded technical capability of public health services and robust training in conducting assessment via telehealth will be critical to successful uptake of this service. Specific needs for Māori wheelchair users warrant further investigation.
Життєвий цикл організації системи тривожної сигналізації
Authors: Шишак А. В. , Пупена О. М.
Published: April 2021

Автоматизована система керування технологічним процесом передбачає наявність функцій тривожної сигналізації, які виконують надзвичайно важливу роль. Від ефективності роботи підсистеми тривожної сигналізації залежить передусім безпека людей, виробництва та функціонування автоматизованої системи керування технологічним процесом в цілому. В Україні розробленню, впровадженню та експлуатації систем тривожної сигналізації приділяється недостатньо уваги. Тому це дослідження присвячено передусім трактуванню сучасного стандарту ISA-18.2 «Management of Alarm Systems for the Process Industries», який є визнаною хорошою інженерною практикою та покликаний забезпечити безпеку, якість та продуктивність технологічних процесів. Даній тематиці присвячено дві публікації. У першій вже опублікованій статті розкриваються основні сутності та положення, на яких базуються механізми організації системи тривожної сигналізації. Ця стаття присвячена роз'ясненню та аналізу робочих процесів життєвого циклу організації, які стандарт передбачає для розроблення, впровадження та експлуатації системи тривожної сигналізації. Організація функціонування системи тривожної сигналізації – це неперервна діяльність, усі робочі процеси якої розділені на десять стадій життєвого циклу, що вказують на функціональний аспект робіт, обов’язкових або рекомендованих до виконання. До них належать означення, документування, проектування, експлуатація, моніторинг та обслуговування систем тривожної сигналізації. Представлення системи через призму життєвого циклу організації її роботи дозволяє систематизувати уявлення розробників/користувачів про процеси, які відбуваються навколо системи за рахунок стадійного структурування вимог та рекомендацій.
Синтез двоконтурної автоматичної системи регулювання з диференціюванням сигналу з проміжної точки
Authors: Новіков П. В. , Штіфзон О. В. , Шило Я. А.
Published: April 2021

У статті розглянуто застосування сучасної методики налаштування двоконтурних автоматичних систем регулювання (ДАСР) з введенням диференціатора в проміжній точці. Мета статті полягає в аналізі існуючих методик налаштування ДАСР, дослідженні сучасної методики налаштування на прикладі теплоенергетичного об’єкта, а також порівнянні її з класичною методикою. На основі проведеного аналізу для налаштування системи регулювання температурного режиму прямоточного котлоагрегату обрано методику, запропоновану Свириденко В.П. Проведено процедуру ідентифікації контурів регулювання. Отримано моделі температурних контурів вода-парового тракту пиловугільного прямоточного котлоагрегату, наведено перехідні характеристики інерційної і проміжної ділянок. Здійснено розрахунок ДАСР за класичною методикою, а також для порівняння розрахована одноконтурана система регулювання. Результати комп’ютерного моделювання системи регулювання температурного режиму водо-парового тракту свідчать, що класична методика налаштування диференціатора не забезпечує необхідної якості перехідних процесів, наявна велика коливальність, що не допустимо для даного теплоенергетичного об’єкту. Для цього ж об’єкта проведений розрахунок за методикою Свириденка В.П. Отримані перехідні процеси мають більший ступінь затухання в середньому на 30%. За результатами дослідження можна зробити висновок, що запропонована методика налаштування ДАСР в порівнянні з класичною методикою краще підходить для налаштування об’єктів, до яких відносяться прямоточні котлоагрегати. Розглянута методика є відносно простою з точки зору її використання, має чітко сформульовані критерії та підкріплена повним набором розрахункових формул. Визначено недоліки даної методики і наведені рекомендації для її подальшого удосконалення.
Імплементація сервісних інновацій в організацію діяльності закладів ресторанного господарства
Authors: Новічкова Т.П. П. , Лебеденко Т. Є. , Новічков В. К.
Published: April 2021

Інноваційна діяльність спрямована на створення нового або зміну наявного продукту, на вдос-коналювання наявних послуг, освоєння нових ринків, впровадження передових інформаційних техно-логій і сучасних форм організаційно-управлінської діяльності. Вони стають визначальними чинникамидля конкурентоспроможності підприємств та активізації обмінів з іншими секторами економіки, з нимпов’язаними. Проведене дослідження дало змогу проаналізувати діяльність ресторану «Щастя ПалеРояль», визначити його головних конкурентів та розробити концепцію розвитку ресторану. Для цьогобуло запропоновано ввести професію сомельє (винного та хлібного. Складено концептуальне менюхлібобулочних виробів, яке має різні види хліба, що пасуватимуть для різних страв в основному менюзакладу. Реалізація зазначених напрямків розвитку інноваційної діяльності створить умови для роз-ширення переліку надаваних послуг, посилить конкурентні позиції та переваги підприємств.
Identification and Assessment of Country Risks for the Development of Convergent Technologies
Authors: Buyanova Marina
Published: April 2021

The speed of emergence and development of new technologies is so high that it becomes more and more difficult to predict their impact on economy and society. At the same time, new technologies do not develop in isolation; they interact and actively influence each other, generating synergistic effects, which actualizes the need for scientific knowledge of the consequences, as well as the conditions and factors for the emergence of risks and methods of managing them. The aim of the work is to substantiate a theoretical and methodological approach to identifying and assessing the risks of the development of convergent technologies and their consequences in life. The research is based on the methodology of dialectical, system and evolutionary and institutional approaches to the study of the risks of the development of social and economic systems, the theory of factors of production, economic development, and the economic mechanism. This paper examines the conditions and social and economic prerequisites for the new industrial revolution in Russia, as well as the risks that arise in this process. The author carries out the analysis of constructive and destructive economic and social consequences of NBIC technologies rapidly developing in all countries of the world. In conclusion, the author proposes priority directions of the regulation of social and economic processes in the country, ensuring competitive, sustainable and safe development.
Performance Analysis of Regional Budgetary Policy
Authors: Borsch Lyudmila , Gerasimova Svetlana
Published: April 2021

The article examines the actual scientific and practical problem of budgetary regional policy, the formation and use of a consolidated budget as an effective mechanism for allocating the budget to the municipal territories of the region. The effectiveness of the regional budget policy is influenced by the monetary policy of the central bank, which performs an important function of managing the monetary sphere, using tools and methods that affect socio-economic development with the use of complex processes of influencing the processes of reproduction, which determines the relevance of this study. The aim of the study is to develop tools, use them in budgetary policy in the formation of a consolidated budget, ensure economic development and social standards of the population. The novelty of the research is the application of a synthesis of systemic and institutional approaches based on the specifics of budget policy and the mechanisms of their formation. As a result of the study, an analysis of the formation of a consolidated budget and its use was carried out, using tools and mechanisms of influence, through which adjustments are made to maintain macroeconomic equilibrium and effective development based on their own laws that arise within the economic system. Reproduction processes occur within the economic system and form a complex system of economic development, which is subordinated to the influence of methods and tools, acquiring a new architecture in the management system. Through the provision of development processes, new approaches are being built and created, strengthening competitive advantages in the economic system of regional development. The region is strengthening its position and is able to compete in the market, meet consumer demand, influence the development of the domestic market, ensuring the socio-economic development of the region. Dominant use of budget methods of direct and indirect incentives comprehensively ensures the socio-economic development of the region. The research was carried out on the basis of indicators of the Republic of Crimea, which are in the public domain.
Determining the utility of minimum F-wave latency alterations in the electrodiagnosis of ulnar neuropathy at the elbow
Authors: TUNÇ Abdulkadir , GÜZEL Vildan , TEKEŞİN Aysel , ŞENGÜL Yıldızhan
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT Background: Ulnar neuropathy at the elbow (UNE) is the second most common entrapment neuropathy. There is little information about the application of F-wave studies for evaluation of UNE. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of minimum F-wave (F-min) latency alterations by comparing this with nerve conduction analyses in UNE-suspected patients. Methods: Ninety-four UNE-suspected patients were admitted to this study. Sensory and motor nerve conduction and F-wave analyses on the median and ulnar nerves were performed on both upper extremities. Results: A total of 188 upper extremities of 94 patients were examined. Their mean age was 41.4±12.9 years, and 69 patients were female (73.4%). The mean ulnar-nerve across-elbow motor conduction velocity (MCV) in the affected arms was significantly slower than the velocity in healthy arms. The mean ulnar-nerve F-min latencies were significantly longer in the affected arms. Fifty-one patients were electrophysiologically diagnosed as presenting UNE (54.2%). Significantly slower mean ulnar-nerve across-elbow MCV, longer mean ulnar-nerve F-min latency and longer distal onset latency were detected in UNE-positive arms. Lastly, patients who were symptomatic but had normal nerve conduction were evaluated separately. Only the mean ulnar F-min latency was significantly longer in this group, compared with the healthy arms. Conclusion: Our study confirmed the utility of F-min latency measurements in the electrodiagnosis of UNE. F-wave latency differences can help in making an early diagnosis to provide better treatment options.
Post-stroke aphasia in famous writers: when Neurology left geniuses speechless
Authors: VITTURI Bruno Kusznir , GAGLIARDI Rubens José
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT Aphasia is a frequent and devastating stroke complication that does not spare even great writers. In these cases, not only one of the highest cognitive functions is suddenly lost but also the act of bringing beauty into the world. Herein, we discuss the case of three writers who had to abandon their art compulsorily due to a cerebrovascular disease: Charles Baudelaire, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Stendhal. They were magnificent writers, united by excellence in literature and an inevitable destiny that restricted their art to just a few words. They are also examples of the proximity of Neurology to Art, History, and Literature.
“Migrânea” and “enxaqueca”: not opposite, but complementary words
Authors: KOWACS Fernando , ROESLER Célia Aparecida de Paula , SILVA-NÉTO Raimundo Pereira
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT In this opinion paper, the authors discuss historical and etymological aspects of the term “migrânea” and refute the most common criticisms regarding its adoption by the Brazilian Headache Society in the official translation of the International Classification of Headache Disorders.
Repercussões do abuso sexual vivenciado na infância e adolescência: revisão integrativa
Authors: Cruz Moniky Araújo da , Gomes Nadirlene Pereira , Campos Luana Moura , Estrela Fernanda Matheus , Whitaker Maria Carolina Ortiz , Lírio Josinete Gonçalves dos Santos
Published: April 2021

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é identificar as repercussões do abuso sexual experienciado na infância e na adolescência. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura realizada no mês de setembro de 2018, a partir da base de dados da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. Para busca, associou-se os seguintes descritores: Abuso Sexual de Crianças e Adolescentes and (Adultos Sobreviventes de Abuso Sexual or Desenvolvimento Infantil), considerando como critérios de inclusão: artigos originais; disponíveis completos; publicados no período de 2013 a setembro de 2018; nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol. Após a leitura dos títulos e dos resumos, selecionou-se 16 artigos, os quais foram lidos na íntegra e organizados através de uma tabela. Os estudos evidenciaram que pessoas que experienciam abuso sexual na infância e na adolescência apresentam repercussões de ordem psicológica, física, sexual e social, as quais perduram por toda vida. O estudo oferece subsídios para alertar profissionais de saúde quanto à necessidade de investigarem sinais e sintomas sugestivos de abuso sexual, visto que experienciar tal agravo traz inúmeras repercussões para vida das vítimas.
Mortalidade infantil e gênero no Brasil: uma investigação usando dados em painel
Authors: Alves Taytiellen Fernandes , Coelho Alexandre Bragança
Published: April 2021

Resumo Diversos estudos indicam que a mortalidade para crianças do sexo masculino é maior do que a do feminino no Brasil. Estudos recentes também têm mostrado uma redução na sobremortalidade infantil masculina nos últimos anos. Entretanto, pouco se sabe sobre quais fatores estão associados a esse fenômeno. Como os bebês do sexo masculino são, em geral, mais frágeis, uma hipótese é de que melhorias no nível de renda e cuidados com a saúde pré e pós-natal tenham um impacto maior na redução da mortalidade infantil masculina. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste artigo foi analisar como esses fatores afetam a mortalidade no Brasil. Para a estimação do modelo, utilizaram-se dados estaduais do Brasil do período de 1996 a 2014. Os resultados indicam que a renda média, o baixo peso ao nascer, o número de consultas de pré-natal e a taxa de fecundidade são importantes fatores associados à mortalidade infantil no país. De modo geral, o impacto dessas variáveis é maior na mortalidade de crianças do sexo masculino, evidenciando que a maior fragilidade dessas crianças exige maior cuidado de pais e autoridades de saúde. Além disso, outros estudos podem analisar a importância do aleitamento materno sobre a mortalidade infantil e gênero no Brasil, de forma a verificar o impacto da amamentação na redução dos óbitos infantis.
Consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados e fatores associados em uma amostra de base escolar pública no Sul do Brasil
Authors: Andretta Vitória , Siviero Josiane , Mendes Karina Giane , Motter Fabiane Raquel , Theodoro Heloísa
Published: April 2021

Resumo O estudo tem por objetivo analisar o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados relacionando com fatores sociodemográficos, comportamentais e nutricionais em escolares da rede municipal de ensino de Caxias do Sul-RS. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, com 1.309 escolares na faixa etária entre 6 e 16 anos. O consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados foi obtido por meio de um questionário de acordo com o autorrelato do escolar. Utilizou-se um questionário pré-testado para avaliar as características do escolar e dos familiares. Utilizou-se a regressão de Poisson para análise do desfecho e fatores associados por meio de um modelo hierárquico. Considerou-se estatisticamente significtivos resultados com valor p ≤ 0,05. Resultados: Identificou-se elevada prevalência de consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados entre os escolares (69,7%). Após análise ajustada, maiores prevalências de consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados foram associadas a comprar/levar lanche para escola e realizar lanches. Já o aconselhamento nutricional foi associado à proteção em relação ao consumo destes alimentos. Conclusão: Fazem-se necessárias ações de educação nutricional para escolares e responsáveis a fim de reduzir o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados pelos escolares principalmente nos lanches.
Formulários de notificação de reações adversas a medicamento nos sistemas de farmacovigilância do Brasil e outros doze países latino-americanos: análise comparativa
Authors: Mota Daniel Marques , Vigo Álvaro , Kuchenbecker Ricardo de Souza
Published: April 2021

Resumo Avaliou-se os formulários de notificação de suspeitas de reações adversas a medicamentos (RAM) do sistema de farmacovigilância do Brasil e outros doze países latino-americanos. O estudo foi composto por três etapas. Na primeira, os formulários foram pontuados em relação à presença de itens essenciais para compor uma notificação de RAM. Na segunda, as variáveis dos formulários foram quantificadas e classificadas, quanto à razoabilidade em contribuírem para a avaliação de causalidade. Na última etapa, recorreu-se à análise de agrupamento hierárquico para identificar os formulários similares. O formulário da Venezuela obteve a maior pontuação (18 pontos). A mediana das variáveis nos formulários dos países foi de 41 [26 (Guatemala) a 95 (Brasil)]. A maioria das variáveis dos formulários foram classificadas como vitais e a maior parte contribui como fator de explicação alternativo para a avaliação de causalidade. Quatro agrupamentos foram identificados (1, 2, 3 e 4). Os formulários do Brasil e da Bolívia formaram dois grupos distintos, 1 e 3 respectivamente. Há necessidade de modificação dos formulários dos países ou até mesmo exclusão de variáveis, tornando-os mais adequados ao processo de avaliação da causalidade das RAM.
O efeito da municipalização no sistema hospitalar brasileiro: os hospitais de pequeno porte
Authors: Carpanez Luciana Reis , Malik Ana Maria
Published: April 2021

Resumo A atenção hospitalar tem sido responsável por parte do aumento de custos em saúde. Países adequaram suas políticas para o setor hospitalar, concentrando a atenção em centros de maior porte, após estudos dos anos 1990 demonstrarem que hospitais menores de 200 leitos apresentam redução da eficiência. Em 2017 existiam no Brasil 6.787 hospitais, sendo 62,3% deles com menos de 50 leitos. O presente estudo avaliou a Política Nacional para os Hospitais de Pequeno Porte (PNHPP), publicada em 2004, e seu impacto no setor hospitalar brasileiro. A adesão à PNHPP ocorreu em 12 dos 27 estados brasileiros. Na ausência de diretrizes que privilegiassem a integralidade das ações, com hospitais inseridos em uma rede, a municipalização gerou a pulverização da atenção hospitalar. Este foi o modo encontrado pelos gestores municipais para o atendimento às necessidades de saúde. Houve aumento dos hospitais municipais, com redução de porte, chegando à média de 50 leitos/hospital. A reversão desse cenário envolve ações que passam por políticas indutoras de qualificação da atenção hospitalar até o entendimento de que as quase 5.000 unidades hospitalares de pequeno porte existentes no país configuram um amplo conjunto a ser estudado em profundidade, subdividindo-o em grupos menores, com vocações distintas.
Padrões espaciais e temporais da mortalidade de motociclistas em estado do nordeste brasileiro no século XXI
Authors: Souza Carlos Dornels Freire de , Machado Michael Ferreira , Quirino Túlio Romério Lopes , Leal Thiago Cavalcanti , Paiva João Paulo Silva de , Magalhães Ana Paula Nogueira de , Santos Victor Santana , Magalhães Mônica Avelar Figueiredo Mafra , Mariano Renato de Souza , Silva Rafael Rodrigues da , Yamashita Miyuki
Published: April 2021

Resumo Este trabalho objetivou analisar a tendência e a distribuição espacial da mortalidade de motociclistas em acidentes de transporte no estado de Alagoas. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico referente a todos os óbitos decorrentes de acidentes motociclísticos no estado no período 2001-2015. Os dados de mortalidade foram obtidos do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM). As taxas de mortalidade foram calculadas e estratificadas por sexo. Para a análise de tendência, foi empregado o modelo de regressão por pontos de inflexão. Calculou-se a Variação Percentual Anual (VPA). Significância de 5%. Para a análise espacial, aplicou-se modelagem bayesiana empírica local, estatística de Moran e estatística de varredura espacial. Foram registrados 1.458 óbitos de motociclistas no período estudado, sendo 91,3% homens. Três comportamentos temporais foram observados nessa população: crescimento (2001-2005), padrão estacionário (2005-2013) e declínio a partir de 2013. As maiores taxas foram observadas no agreste e sertão. Cinco aglomerados espaciais foram evidenciados no que se refere à mortalidade geral e masculina, todos situados no agreste e sertão alagoanos. A modelagem mostrou redução da mortalidade a partir de 2013 e a análise espacial evidenciou que o problema é mais grave no interior do estado.
Relevância dos periódicos de saúde coletiva em informar a pesquisa, a educação, os serviços de saúde e a cidadania
Authors: Goldbaum Moisés , Antunes José Leopoldo Ferreira , Camargo Júnior Kenneth Rochel
Published: April 2021

Resumo Esse texto apresenta de modo sintético, as discussões do grupo de trabalho de mesmo nome, realizadas durante a conferência internacional comemorativa dos vinte anos do Programa SciELO. O objetivo é informar o meio profissional da saúde coletiva sobre problemas crônicos das publicações científicas no Brasil – financiamento, classificação das revistas, impacto dos trabalhos publicados, entre outros.