bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Presepsi Peserta Diklat Penilaian Pembelajaran terhadap Pemanfaatan Aplikasi Class123 untuk Penilaian Sikap
Authors: Prilianti Ratna
Published: July 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengukur presepsi peserta diklat terhadap kebermanfaatan dan kemudahan penggunaan Class123 iuntuk penilaian sikap. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitan deskriptif dengan metode survai. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Balai Pendidikan dan Pelatihan Keagamaan Semarang khususnya pada kegiatan Diklat Teknis Fungsional Penilaian Pembelajaran. Jumlah peserta diklat sebanyak 35 orang guru yang mendeskripsikan persepsi mereka tentang pemanfaatan aplikasi Class123 untuk menilai sikap. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan presepsi peserta diklat terhadap kemudahan penggunaan Class123 dimana dalam rentang 51,43% - 62,86% orang responden menyatakan sangat setuju pada butir angket 1 dan ke-3. Presepsi peseta diklat terhadap manfaat Aplikasi Class123 menunjukkan hasil responden menyatakan sangat setuju sebanyak 60%-91,43% responden pada butir angket pernyataan ke-4 dan pernyataan ke-1.

Kata Kunci:
PENGARUH LMS SCHOOLOGY TERHADAP PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR PESERTA MATA DIKLAT MATERI PENGEMBANGAN PROFESI PENGAWAS
Authors: Yanto Wida Wido
Published: July 2020

This research was based on the teaching and learning process now in the world of education which most of it still tends to be done conventionally. In the future, information and communication technology has an important role in learning, namely as learning content or learning media. The purpose of this study is to describe the ifluence of LMS Schoology on improving the learning outcomes of Training participants at the Supervisor Vocational Development Material PKP V Surabaya Religious Training Center 2020. Problem formulation: Is there any significant and positive influence on the use of LMS Schoology on Improving the learning outcomes of Training participants at the Supervisor Vocational Development Material? This research was conducted using a pre-experimental one group pretest-postets research method with regression analysis. Regression analysis was used to find out how much influence the independent variable had on the increase in the dependent variable. The results showed that after the teaching and learning process carried out with the LMS Schoology application the learning outcomes of the training participants increased. Empirical test results indicated the magnitude of the percentage of influence of the independent variables on the dependent variable of 77.4%. T test results showed the t value of 11.333 and p-value (Sig) of 0.000 which is below alpha 5%.  was rejected, meaning that there was a significant and positive influence between LMS Schoology on improving the learning outcomes of training participants.
THE WATER MITES OF THE GENUS HYDRODROMA (ACARI, HYDRACHNIDIA, HYDRODROMIDAE) IN EUROPE AND AFRICA
Authors: Gerecke Reinhard
Published: July 2020

Neotypes are designated for Hydrodroma despiciens (Müller, 1776) and H. pilosa Besseling, 1940, lectotypes for H. torrenticola (Walter, 1908) and H. capensis (K. Viets, 1914). Diagnostic features and morphological variability of these two species, as well as of H. torrenticola and H. perreptans, are discussed. New morphological details are presented for H. trigonometrica Walter, 1928, H. ocellata Walter & Bader, 1952 (here considered a species incerta), H. liberiensis Cook, 1966 and H. reinhardi Pešić, 2002. After revision of museum collections, numerous older identifications are corrected. Concerning material from Europe, a high degree of confusion is found between H. despiciens, H. torrenticola and H. pilosa. For H. despiciens, all records from Africa, as well as species identifications from Wisconsin (U.S.A) and Argentina are rejected. This species, formerly considered cosmopolitan, is actually ascertained only from the European continent. Hydrodroma pilosa is recorded for the first time from Africa (Algeria). Most published records of H. capensis refer to other, in several cases probably undescribed species; recognized material derives exclusively from the terra typica in the African Cape Province. An identification key is given for the species known from Europe and Africa.
THREE NEW ASSASSIN BUG RECORDS (HEMIPTERA: HETEROPTERA: REDUVIIDAE) FOR THE BALKAN PENINSULA
Authors: Simov Nikolay , Gradinarov Denis , Davranoglou Leonidas-Romanos
Published: July 2020

This paper gives records of three assassin bug species (Heteroptera: Reduviiidae) new for the Balkan Peninsula.
FIRST RECORD OF THE GENUS CHARINUS SIMON, 1892 FROM MARTINIQUE, LESSER ANTILLES, WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES (AMBLYPYGI: CHARINIDAE)
Authors: Teruel Rolando , Coulis Mathieu
Published: July 2020

The genus Charinus Simon, 1892 is herein recorded for the first time from the Lesser Antillean island of Martinique (a French Overseas Territory), on the basis of two species. One of them occurs in the karstic hill of the southern part of the island and is herein described, supported by a thorough photographic complement. It is compared in detail  to all its morphologically closest Antillean relatives and a brief supplementary comment is given on the high-rank taxonomy of the order.
SATELLITE MONITORING OF THE BLACK SEA ECOLOGICAL RISK AREAS
Authors: Lavrova Olga Yu. , Mityagina Marina I. , Kostianoy Andrey G. , Strochkov Mikhail A.
Published: July 2020

Results of multiyear monitoring of zones of persistent ecological risk in the Black Sea are presented. These ones are most affected by oil pollution, raised concentration of suspended particulate matter and harmful algae bloom. Studies are based on satellite remote sensing data obtained over the Black Sea from 2000 to 2017 from radar sensors ERS-2 SAR, Envisat ASAR, Sentinel -1A, -B, Radarsat 2, TerraSAR-X; visible and infrared data from Envisat  MERIS, Landsat-5 TM, Landsat-7 ETM+, Landsat-8 OLI,  MSI Sentinel-2A and Terra/Aqua Modis. An analysis of radar data indicated areas most affected by ship spills of bilge waters. Greatest polluted area were found along the main ship routes, near biggest ports and at sites of anchor positions.It is necessary to separate anthropogenic oil pollution and oil-containing slicks caused by natural hydrocarbon seeps including mud volcanoes, natural gas and oil outflows from the sea bottom, and gas hydrates. The geographical distribution of these slicks is defined by their permanent locations that well correlate with locations of natural hydrocarbon seeps from the sea bottom in this region.Areas characterized by increased concentration of suspended particulate matter were revealed at maps compiled from Envisat MERIS, MSI Sentinel-2A data and Landsat colour composites. Among the most notable ones are river plume zones, first of all, those of the Danube River and mountain rivers of Georgia. Results of satellite data processing were used for detecting impacts of various natural factors, such as precipitation, rivers flows, wind-driven water circulation and vortex activity, on suspended matter proliferation. Mapping of zones of maximum propagation of suspended solids in different seasons was performed for the examined areas. Eutrophication has recently become a very important problem worldwide. It is true also for the Black Sea, especially for its western part.
A GEOMETRIC MORPHOMETRIC APPROACH TO THE ANALYSIS OF THE SHAPE VARIABILITY OF THE HAPTORAL ATTACHMENT STRUCTURES OF LIGOPHORUS SPECIES (PLATYHELMINTHES: MONOGENEA)
Authors: Lyakh Anton , Dmitrieva Evgenija , Popyuk Maryana , Shikhat Olga , Melnik Alexandr
Published: July 2020

The taxonomy of Ligophorus Euzet & Suriano, 1977, like the most of monopisthocotylean monogeneans, relies heavily on the morphology of sclerites of the posterior attachment organ (haptor). Geometric morphometric approach is used to analyse variability and compare the shapes of haptoral structures of these monogeneans. We outline the shapes of the sclerities by cubic Bezier curves and store results in SVG files. Every SVG outline is reduced to a set of harmonics of Elliptic Fourier transform using ElFourier program. Harmonics are the sequence of unique numbers that describe the shape of structures and are invariant to their sizes, rotation, and orientation. They allow reconstructing source outline images, finding their average form, analyzing variability and comparing shapes in combination with other numerical data like dimensions. We use that approach to investigate intra- and interspecific variability of 400 haptoral structures of seven representatives of Ligophorus, parasitising four mullet species from the Black Sea, and to discriminate these monogeneans. This method is perspective for the creation of semiautomatic key for identification of helminthes, which are mainly distinguished by the shape and dimensions of the attachment organs. The obtained results and method prospects are discussed.
HEAVY METALS INFLUENCE ON THE CTENOPHORES MNEMIOPSIS LEIDYI AND BEROE OVATA BIOLUMINESCENCE
Authors: Mashukova Olga , Tokarev Yuriy , Skuratovskaya Ekaterina
Published: July 2020

Investigations were conducted in the Department of biophysical ecology of Kovalevsky IMBR of RAS in September - October of 2013 and 2015. The body length of the gathered for experiments ctenophores was 35 – 40 mm. Characteristics of the ctenophores light emission were studied under the mechanical and chemical stimulations, with the usage of laboratory complex “Svet”. The following HM salts: Cu2S04, ZnCl2, PbCl2 and HgCl2 in different concentrations were used in our experiments. The just-caught samples, contained in the clean marine water were used as a control. The exposition time was 1, 3 and 24 hours under the temperature of 21 ± 2°C. The investigations results have shown considerable variability of the ctenophore luminosity characteristics in dependence of metal concentration and exposition duration. It was stated that minimal concentrations of cooper, zinc and mercury stimulates ctenophores bioluminescence and the high ones inhibit. The alien ctenophore luminescence inhibition was registered under the lead activity under all investigated concentrations. We can place investigated metals as following: Zn < Cu < Hg < Pb, according to the force of the toxic influence on the ctenophore bioluminescence. Thus, alien ctenophore bioluminescence parameters can serve as a sensitive express-indicator of the resistance degree to the heavy metals impact and be the expressive index of the marine environment regional pollution.
ATMOSPHERIC DISTURBANCES IN THE AIRFLOW AROUND MOUNTAINS AND THE PROBLEM OF FLIGHT SAFETY IN THE MOUNTAINS OF THE REPUBLIC OF ADYGEYA
Authors: Bedanokov Murat K. , Berzegova Roza B. , Kuizheva Saida K.
Published: July 2020

This article considers airflow around mountain systems as a meso-scale atmospheric phenomenon. It presents a non-linear stationary dimensional theoretical model of the airflow of the North-West Caucasus Mountains, taking into account characteristics of a real mountain terrain. The article further discusses the results of the calculations of the speed field of the airflow and general regularities of the origin and the scale of the rotary-wave deformation of the airflow over the mountains. The calculation results have shown that for the model scenario I at wind speed U=15 m/s the disturbances are the most intense over the ridge crests, where they are characterized by the zone with rotors. The total length of the rotor zone downwind is more than the length of its nucleus and is close enough in value to the extent of the lee part of the terrain (downwind from the main top). The area of maximum amplitudes is located in the windward side of the rotor zone. These amplitudes are several times higher than the maximum height of the mountains. For the model scenario II (U=19 m/s) wave disturbances slightly increased in length downwind, but minimally changed in amplitude. The rotary zone changed and moved downstream. The model scenario III (U=22 m/s) is accompanied by sharp transformation of the rotor zone. Closed vortices disappear; there is no purely vertical and backward motion. The flow over the mountain greatly smoothed, and the rotor area completely disappeared. Flight safety indicators over the mountains of the Republic of Adygeya for two types of aircrafts (light-engine and speed) were calculated on the basis of the obtained data. In certain conditions, flights for both high-speed and single-engine aircrafts can be considered dangerous
ASSESSMENT OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY POTENTIAL IN THE REPUBLIC OF ADYGEYA
Authors: Kiseleva Sofya V. , Korinevich Lenina A. , Lebedev Sergey A.
Published: July 2020

The paper presents assessment of the renewable energy potential in the Republic of Adygeya. The territory of the Republic of Adygeya, thanks to its geographical location, natural characteristics, economic specialization, has significant gross and technical potentials of renewable energy resources. It is the most preferable region for the development of solar energy. The gross potential of solar energy for the territory of the Republic of Adygeya is 1.3 billion TOE (Tons of Oil Equivalent) and the technical potential is 6.4 million TOE for the production of heat and 0.5 billion TOE for electricity production. The gross potential of wind energy in the Republic of Adygeya is 1862 billion kWh/yr, or 633 million TOE per year. The gross potential of hydraulic energy of small rivers is 7–9.65 billion kWh and the technical potential is 2.2–3.15 billion kWh. The analysis of geothermal conditions on the territory close to Maykop confirmed the possibility of the usage of thermal water for the city’s public and industrial heat supply.
CLIMATE CHANGES OF THE TEMPERATURE OF THE SURFACE AND LEVEL OF THE BLACK SEA BY THE DATA OF REMOTE SENSING AT THE COAST OF THE KRASNODAR KRAI AND THE REPUBLIC OF ABKHAZIA
Authors: Lebedev Sergey A. , Kostianoy Andrey G. , Bedanokov Murat K. , Akhsalba Asida K. , Berzegova Roza B. , Kravchenko Pavel N.
Published: July 2020

Climate changes in the Black Sea basin and its water area are reflected in changes in the main parameters of the sea state: sea level and sea surface temperature (SST). To study these changes, satellite altimetry and radiometry data were used that allow analyzing the spatial-temporal variability of the interannual rate of change of these parameters over a long time interval. To study the spatial-temporal variability of the rate of SST climatic variability used remote sensing data for two intervals in 1982–2015 and 1993–2015. The results of the study showed that over the time interval 1982–2015 that the SST near the coast of the Krasnodar Krai increase at an average rate of 0.079±0.005°C/yr, and the coast of the Republic of Abkhazia at a rate of 0.072±0.002°C/yr. At the same time, the growth rate of SST decreased from the Kerch Strait (0.082° C/yr) to Adler(0.076 °C/yr), and along the coast of the Republic of Abkhazia decreased from Adler (0.076°C/yr) to Ochamchire (0.071°C/yr). In the shorter time interval of 1993-2015, which coincided with the time interval for the study of the rate of measurement of the Black Sea level, the rate of change in SST also decreased in the direction from the Kerch Strait to the border with Georgia. The results showed that for the time interval of 1993–2015. Sea level off the coast of the Krasnodar Krai increase at an average rate of 0.29±0.03 cm/yr, and the coast of the Republic of Abkhazia – at a rate of 0.27±0.02 cm/yr. The rate of increase in the level of the Black Sea increased from the Kerch Strait (0.28 cm/yr) to Adler (0.31 cm/yr), and along the coast of the Republic of Abkhazia, on the contrary – decreased from Adler (0.31 cm/yr) Up to Ochamchira (0.24 cm/yr).
CLIMATE VARIABILITY OF EXTREME AIR TEMPERATURE EVENTS IN THE EASTERN BLACK SEA
Authors: Kostianoy Andrey G. , Serykh Ilya V. , Ekba Yanvarby A. , Kravchenko Pavel N.
Published: July 2020

Based on the results of re-analyzes, climatic changes in air temperature in the eastern part of the Black Sea over the period 1950-2015 were studied. For the regions of the coasts of the Krasnodar Territory and Abkhazia, the results of re-analyzes are compared. Based on this comparison, the NCEP/NCAR re-analysis was selected, the results of which are closest to the other data sources studied for the selected region. According to the NCEP/NCAR re-analysis, climatic changes in the amplitude, frequency and duration of extreme temperature phenomena in the regions of the coasts of the Krasnodar Territory and Abkhazia over the period 1950-2015 were investigated. The analysis showed an increase in temperature since the mid-1970s, which accelerated in the late 1990s. Acceleration of temperature growth is accompanied by an increase in its interannual variability. The increase in air temperature and interannual variability is accompanied by an increase in the amplitude, number and duration of extreme events with anomalies of the positive sign. Interannual variability of extreme air temperature events characteristics is quite different for the neighbouring Krasnodar Territory and Abkhazia.
THE IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC PRECIPITATION (RAINFALLS) ON THE SEA-SURFACE MICROLAYER IN THE SEVASTOPOL COASTAL WATERS (CRIMEA, THE BLACK SEA)
Authors: Smyrnova Ludmila , Katunina Elena , Rjabinin Anatoly , Anninskaja Iren
Published: July 2020

The results of determination of some hydrochemical characteristics and the diversity of microbiota in rain-water and sea-surface microlayer from the Sevastopol bays are presented. The connection between the level of rainfall contamination by surfactants and their accumulation into sea-surface microlayer has been established. In rain-water pH values varied from 4,2 to 8.2. As a result, the pH value and salinity in sea-surface microlayer decreased by 11–15% after storm and prolonged rains. Seasonal concentration variability of dissolved in rain-water Sr, Se, La, Nd, As, Sb, Mo, Ni, Mg, I, and Fe associated with the direction of the prevailing rainy winds. Potentially pathogenic micromycetes (genera Penicillium, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Phoma) get into the surface microlayer and marine environment with the rain water. Cyanophyta (genera Synechococcus, Microcystis) and Clorophyta (genus Closterium) were capable to grow both in rain-water with salinity 0.0–0.7‰, and in sea-surface microlayer (range of salinities 17.0−20.5 ‰).
THE ECOLOGICAL CONDITION OF COASTAL WATERS OFF THE HERACLES PENINSULA (CRIMEA, THE BLACK SEA)
Authors: Chelyadina Natalya S. , Popov Mark A. , Lisitskaya Elena V. , Pospelova Natalya V. , Popovichev Vladimir N.
Published: July 2020

The results of the long-term monitoring of coastal waters off the Heracles Peninsula (Crimea, the Black Sea) are presented. The abiotic and biotic parameters, indicating the ecological condition of the coastal zone, have been studied. The following parameters have been measured by standard methods: water temperature, illuminance, concentration of particulate matter, organic matter, primary production, intensity of biotic reproduction of particulate matter, phytoplankton and meroplankton species diversity, abundance, and biomass, as well as shell morphometrics and sex ratio in mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis Lam. It has been found that upwelling water circulation is typical for the coastal waters off the Heracles Peninsula. The mean annual sea surface temperature over the study period 2000-2016 proved to be 2.7°С higher than that in the early 20th century. The maximum values of phytoplankton primary production are associated with inner waters of coves and with increased Twater and Еmax values. A reduction in phytoplankton and meroplankton diversity and a dominance of eurybiontic species have been recorded from the waters subject to anthropogenic impacts. The most pronounced shift of sex ratio toward predominance of M. galloprovincialis males and a high mussel Н/L shell index are observed in waters with increased technogenic load. The taxonomic structure of phytoplankton and meroplankton, sex ratio, and morphometric parameters of bivalves are the sensitive tools of ecological monitoring to assess the condition of the surrounding aquatic environment.
MICROPHYTOBENTHOS DIATOMS OF THE BLACK SEA: BIODIVERSITY AND ECOLOGY
Authors: Ryabushko Larisa I. , Balycheva Daria S. , Ryabushko Vitaly I.
Published: July 2020

The results of original studies (1987–2016) of the floristic composition of diatoms of natural and anthropogenic substrates in different regions of the Black Sea at depths of 0–53 m are summarized. 350 taxa of Bacillariophyta were identified, 77% from them are benthic, 57% – marine, 29% – boreal and 25% – boreal-tropical. In the epilithon, 140 taxa were found, in the epiphyton of macrophytes – 254, the epizoon of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis Lam. – 154, on the skin of dolphins – 10 and in the periphyton of anthropogenic substrates – 194. The Сzekonowsky-Sörensen coefficient of species similarity depending on the ecotope varied from 54 to 64%. In both ecotopes of epizoon and periphyton 28 species were common. The maximum values of abundance (N), biomass (B) and the Shannon index of species diversity (H) of diatoms in all ecotopes were observed in the winter-spring season: epilithon – N =416•103 cells•cm-2, B=0.4 mg•cm-2,Н = 1,89; epiphyton – N=366.3•103 cells•cm-2,B=0.82 mg•cm-2, Н=3.03; epizoon – N=179.3•103 cells•cm-2, B=0,54 mg•cm-2, Н=3.81; periphyton at exposure of experimental plates from 1 to 13 months – N =2180.8•103 cells•cm-2, B=0.543 mg•cm-2, H=0.97–3.67 and with monthly exposure – N=1229•103 cells•cm-2, B=0.35 mg•cm-2, H=1.1–3.5. The questions of similarity and dissimilarity of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of microphytobenthos diatoms in different ecotopes and areas of the Black Sea are discussed.
FIRST RECORDS OF MICROLAIMUS TENUISPICULUM DE MAN, 1922 (NEMATODA: MICROLAIMIDAE) FROM THE BLACK SEA
Authors: Revkova Tatiana N.
Published: July 2020

First detection of free-living nematodes Microlaimus tenuispiculum de Man, 1922 from the Black Sea is marked. Species is found off the coast of Crimea and on the NW shelf of the Black Sea (in areas of Zernov’s Phyllophora Field and submarine Dnieper Canyon) at depths from 5 to 190 m on different types of sediment (sandy-silt, dense silt clay and silt with hydrogen sulphide). Description with illustrations of M. tenuispiculum is given. The Black Sea specimens differs by the shorter tail (c = 7.3–9.1 vs c = 6–7.5), shorter esophagus (b = 6.9–8.2 vs b = 6–6.9) and the presence of somatic setae.
Cossidae (Lepidoptera) of the Caspian Sea northern islands
Authors: Yakovlev Roman V.
Published: July 2020

This article gives new records of Cossidae (Lepidoptera) from the three islands of north-western part of the Caspian Sea (belonging to the territory of Russia) and from the group of islands Tyulen’i (Kazakhstan).
The Festival of Kromong Mountain as a Glorification of the Value of the Natural, Social, Economic, and Cultural Arts in Cirebon, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: . Jaeni
Published: July 2020

The Mountain Kromong Festival was conceived by researchers as an annual activity aimed at communicating art in realizing cultural engineering in a society that was contaminated with industrial culture. This festival is held right in the Gempol District of Cirebon , West Java, Indonesia to reassemble the cultural traditions of the mountain/huma community, which so far have covered the lives of industrial communities. Maintaining this form of festival is tantamount to maintaining value, so the value of the Mountain Kromong festival is always directed at the value of environmental glorification, both natural, social, economic, and cultural arts. The method used by researchers through participatory research stages, focus group discussions, revitalizing cultural arts, packaging festivals, and festival performances. The results of a series of research work on the Cirebon mountain kromong festival became a model of a mountain festival different from other mountain-themed festivals. The cultural closeness of all Mount Kromong festival materials is sourced from the local community, both artistic and aesthetic related matters. The entire series of festivals that have been running for two years, resulting in a cultural movement that is contained in Mountain Kromon performing art. Mountain Festival kromong increasingly in development right in the economic empowerment through the development of arts and culture-based tourism.
Perspective: Poor metabolic health is a major issue for increased COVID-19 mortality in BAME groups
Authors: Malhotra Aseem , Kamepalli Ravi Kumar , Bamrah J.S.
Published: July 2020

Editorial Note
Type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension are the most common comorbidities in patients with coronavirus infections. Emerging evidence demonstrates an important direct metabolic and endocrine mechanistic link to the viral disease process. Metabolic syndrome (METS) is a common denominator to these comorbidities and includes insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia, central obesity and hypertension, which are risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. In 2017, it was estimated that METS affected 20% of the North American population, 25% of the European population and approximately 15% of the Chinese population. In this scenario, the relationship between METS and its comorbidities that aggravate the COVID-19 prognosis cannot be ignored. Also, its presence in different ethnicities and continents places METS as an important risk factor for COVID-19. The authors offer their scientific and epidemiological perspective on this emerging association and urge an international awareness of its devastating consequences among certain populations. This article welcomes debate among scientists, policymakers and wider community leaders. The authors urge clinicians to encourage thorough metabolic control for all patients at risk of COVID-19. (a,b) The Physician welcomes contributions from interested scientists, policymakers and patient representative organisations to continue this discourse.
EVALUATION OF THE RECENT HIGH-DEGREE COMBINED GLOBAL GRAVITY-FIELD MODELS FOR GEOID MODELLING OVER KENYA
Authors: Odera Patroba Achola
Published: July 2020

This study carries out an evaluation of the recent high-degree combined global gravity-field models
(EGM2008, EIGEN-6C4, GECO and SGG-UGM-1) over Kenya. The evaluation is conducted using observed geoid undulations (18 data points,
mainly in Nairobi area) and free-air gravity anomalies (8,690 data points, covering the whole country). All the four models
are applied at full spherical harmonic degree expansion. The standard deviations of the differences between observed and GGMs
implied geoid undulations at 18 GPS/levelling points over Nairobi area are ±11.62, ±11.48, ±12.51 and ±11.75 cm for EGM2008,
EIGEN-6C4, GECO and SGG-UGM-1, respectively. On the other hand, standard deviations of the differences between observed and GGMs
implied free-air gravity anomalies at 8,690 data points over Kenya are ±10.11, ±10.03, ±10.19 and ±10.00 mGal for EGM2008,
EIGEN-6C4, GECO and SGG-UGM-1, respectively. These results indicate that the recent high-degree global gravity-field models
generally perform at the same level over Kenya. However, EIGEN6C4 performs slightly better than EGM2008, GECO and SGG-UGM-1,
considering the independent check provided by GPS/levelling data (admittedly over a small area). These results further indicate
a good prospect for the development of a precise gravimetric geoid model over Kenya using EIGEN-6C4 by integrating local
terrestrial gravity data in a removecompute-restore scheme.
PROGNOSTIC EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF RESTRICTED HORIZON VISIBILITY ON THE ACCURACY OF POSITION (COORDINATES) OBTAINED WITH GNSS BASED ON EMPIRICAL DATA
Authors: Yanchuk Oleksandr , Shulgan Roman
Published: July 2020

In this research, the practical check of regression equation to calculate the prognostic root mean square error (RMSE) of
the final point position of the base line in relation to the initial one has been executed. For the investigation, experimental data from three
satellite receivers within two days on 5 points have been used. According to the received results, the regression equation to calculate the RMSE
of spatial, planned and height position of the final point of the base line in relation to the initial value has been made. These equations allow
executing the prognostic evaluation of accuracy for conducting satellite calculations based on data about available obstacles. The dependencies
received for the duration of observations sessions for 1 hour, the vectors with the length of 4 km, and the coefficient value of openness from
5.17 to 10.31 have been presented.
Galactic Center IRS 13E: Colliding Stellar Winds or an Intermediate-mass Black Hole?
Authors: Zhu Zhenlin , Li Zhiyuan , Ciurlo Anna , Morris Mark R. , Zhang Mengfei , Do Tuan , Ghez Andrea M.
Published: July 2020

A small cluster of massive stars residing in the Galactic center, collectively known as IRS 13E, is of special interest due to its close proximity to the central supermassive black hole Sgr A* and the possibility that an embedded intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH) binds its member stars. It has been suggested that colliding winds from two member stars, both classified as Wolf–Rayet type, are responsible for the observed X-ray, infrared, and radio emission from IRS 13E. We have conducted an in-depth study of the X-ray spatial, temporal, and spectral properties of IRS 13E, based on 5.6 Ms of ultradeep Chandra observations obtained over 20 years. These X-ray observations show no significant evidence for source variability. We have also explored the kinematics of the cluster members, using Keck near-infrared imaging and spectroscopic data on a 14 yr baseline that considerably improve the accuracy of the stars’ proper motions. The observations are interpreted using three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations of colliding winds tailored to match the physical conditions of IRS 13E, leading us to conclude that the observed X-ray spectrum and morphology can be well explained by the colliding wind scenario, in the meantime offering no support for the presence of a putative IMBH. An IMBH more massive than a few 103 M⊙ is also strongly disfavored by the stellar kinematics.
The Streamer Blowout Origin of a Flux Rope and Energetic Particle Event Observed by Parker Solar Probe at 0.5 au
Authors: Lario D. , Balmaceda L. , Alzate N. , Mays M. L. , Richardson I. G. , Allen R. C. , Florido-Llinas M. , Nieves-Chinchilla T. , Koval A. , Lugaz N. , Jian L. K. , Arge C. N. , Macneice P. J. , Odstrcil D. , Morgan H. , Szabo A. , Desai M. I. , Whittlesey P. L. , Stevens M. L. , Ho G. C. , Luhmann J. G.
Published: July 2020

The distribution of spacecraft in the inner heliosphere during 2019 March enabled comprehensive observations of an interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) that encountered Parker Solar Probe (PSP) at 0.547 au from the Sun. This ICME originated as a slow (∼311 km s−1) streamer blowout (SBO) on the Sun as measured by the white-light coronagraphs on board the Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory-A and the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory. Despite its low initial speed, the passage of the ICME at PSP was preceded by an anisotropic, energetic (≲100 keV/n) ion enhancement and by two interplanetary shocks. The ICME was embedded between slow (∼300 km s−1) solar wind and a following, relatively high-speed (∼500 km s−1), stream that most likely was responsible for the unexpectedly short (based on the SBO speed) ICME transit time of less than ∼56 hr between the Sun and PSP, and for the formation of the preceding shocks. By assuming a graduated cylindrical shell (GCS) model for the SBO that expands self-similarly with time, we estimate the propagation direction and morphology of the SBO near the Sun. We reconstruct the flux-rope structure of the in situ ICME assuming an elliptic-cylindrical topology and compare it with the portion of the 3D flux-rope GCS morphology intercepted by PSP. ADAPT-WSA-ENLIL-Cone magnetohydrodynamic simulations are used to illustrate the ICME propagation in a structured background solar wind and estimate the time when PSP established magnetic connection with the compressed region that formed in front of the ICME. This time is consistent with the arrival at PSP of energetic particles accelerated upstream of the ICME.
User Identification Based on the Dynamic Features Extracted from Handwriting on Touchscreen Devices
Authors: Al-Showarah Suleyman , Alzyadat Wael , Alhroob Aysh , Al-Assam Hisham
Published: July 2020

Abstract - This research presents a methodology for user identification using ten English words written by a finger on smartphone and mini-tablet. This research considers three features, namely Signature Precision (SP), Finger Pressure (FP), and Movement Time (MT) that were extracted from each of ten English words using dynamic time warping. The features are then used individually and combined for the purpose of user identification based on the Euclidean distance and the k-nearest neighbor classifier. We concluded that the best identification accuracy results from the combinations of (SP and FP) features with an average accuracies of 74.55% and 69% were achieved on small smartphone and Mini-tablet respectively using a dataset of 42 users.
Editorial for Special Issue: Education for Sustainability in a Time of Crises
Authors: Rosenberg Eureta
Published: July 2020

Please refer to the editorial in the PDF situated to the right of this section.
Personalized Rehabilitation Recognition Model upon ANFIS
Authors: Kan Yao-Chiang , Kuo Yu-Chieh , Lin Hsueh-Chun
Published: July 2020

This study applied the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) to design a recognition model of personalized rehabilitation. In the model, the user may take a wearable sensor and follow the assigned joint-relax exercise to measure the motions of the upper limbs. The sensor that is embedded with the chips of accelerometer, gyroscope, and inclinometer produced the sample datasets due to the exercise schedule of physiotherapy assignment. All motion samples were labeled by arbitrary numbers, which can be identified to the specific motion, for the data training process. A Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) was initially designed by the steps of data pre-processing, featuring, fuzzifying, and ruling Fuzzy logics according to the sample datasets. The FIS was then trained by the ANFIS for optimization by tuning parameters of the features. In testing, the accomplished FIS could recognize the motion features by the defuzzifier that infers the label corresponding to the motion. As a result, the average recognition rate was higher than 90% when the testing motions followed the sampling schedule of the physiotherapy assignment. The model can be applied in the ubiquitous healthcare measurement for health services. The professionals can assess whether the subject obeyed the assigned program or not based on detail motions of the exercise. This approach can be enabled on the trackable interface for the physiatrists to screen the motions of routine rehabilitation.
The Autonomous Shopping-Guide Robot in Cashier-Less Convenience Stores
Authors: Lin Po-Han , Lin Cheng-Yi , Hung Chen-Ting , Chen Jen-Jee , Liang Jia-Ming
Published: July 2020

In recent years, several cashier-less convenience stores have appeared, including Amazon’s. A store without cashiers will become a trend in the near future. To substitute the employee in traditional stores, this research proposes and designs an autonomous shopping cart robot to guide customers’ purchase according to the requested shopping list to enhance their shopping experience. The core techniques of the system are the autonomous driving robot, the traffic control center for robots and the dynamic route planning algorithm. The robot is a self-propelled vehicle developed by ROS (Robot Operating System), in which we achieve the automatic driving via image recognition, April tag identification and driving direction guidance from the path planning and traffic control services. This enables the robot to lead customers to find their commodities following the preplanned route. In conjunction with the vocal service, the robot can notify the customer when arriving at each commodity, he or she plans to buy. We also design a light APP for customers to easily set up and manage their shopping list, call for the robotic shopping cart’s help, and interact with the shopping cart robot. To enhance the shopping experience of customers, we design the dynamic route planning genetic algorithm to dynamically plan the shopping route according to the customer’s request and the traffic condition. Experiments show that our genetic algorithm can provide the most stable performance and always get efficient shopping route planning in a limited time compared to other methods.
The Emergence and Growth Path of Shanzhai Firms
Authors: Shay Jason , Shieh Peter , Tsai Ming-Piao , Cheng Hsiang-Jui
Published: July 2020

Shanzhai refers to a set of dynamic strategies for firms to grow out of counterfeiting. Shanzhai firms have traditionally been perceived as counterfeiters from the emerging economies producing cheap and low-quality products. This trend has changed in recent years when Shanzhai firms have grown into market leaders and have introduced leading technologies and applications. This paper focuses on the growth of Shanzhai firms by exploring how Shanzhai firms and Shanzhai industries emerged. We further investigate the context that supports the emergence of Shanzhai firms into market leaders. We leverage two case studies using the growth path of two market leaders in their respective industries to illustrate the two paths leading to the emergence of Shanzhai firms. We attempt to show that although Shanzhai firms start out with low legitimacy, these firms grow their legitimacy over time by building their core competitiveness in their respective industries.
Ultra-Violet Treatment for Fermenting Low-Salt Soya Sauce
Authors: Ferng Sophia , Wu I-Hui , Li Ang-Yen , Hsu Cheng-Kuang , Chiou Robin Yih-Yuan , Ting Ching-Hua
Published: July 2020

Low-salt soya sauce has become a market trend due to consumers' demand for a low sodium diet life. In tradition, a low-salt soya sauce (with salt concentration below 14.4%) is made from a high-salt one (18% salt concentration) through diluting or reducing the sodium content. The post processing deteriorates the quality of the soya sauce produce as some specific, beneficial chemical components are inevitably removed. In production of a native-born low-salt soya sauce, a key problem encountered is possible microbial contamination that easily develops in a low salt environment. In this study, we evaluated the effect of ultra-violet (UVC 254nm) irradiation on soya mash of 12% salt concentration fermented at 35°C. The ultra-violet treatment could effectively prevent the soya mash from microbial contamination.
Applications of Membrane Hydrocyclone Recovery of Silicon Carbide Powder
Authors: Tsai Yen-Cheng , Hsu Chen-Yang , Wu Rome-Ming
Published: July 2020

This work investigated the possibility of using membrane hydrocyclone as a separator to recover the silicon carbide powder. The weight percentage of silicon carbide powder is 62.9%. Classifying these powders by a 2.5 cm-diameter hydrocyclone that equips membrane tube in the center position, overflow and underflow are obtained. The results of the primary separation show that the overflow and underflow are about half of the proportion of solid, but silicon carbide powder content in the overflow is higher. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the recovery of silicon carbide powder contained in the overflow.
Effect of Acceleration on Wrap Faced Reinforced Soil Retaining Wall on Soft Clay by Performing Shaking Table Test
Authors: Hore Ripon , Chakraborty Sudipta , Shuvon Ayaz Mahmud , Ansary Mehedi Ahmed
Published: July 2020

This research incorporates shaking table testing of scale wrap faced soil wall models to evaluate the seismic response of embankment. Currently the seismic designs of highway or railway embankment rely on little or no empirical data for calibrating numerical simulations. This research is working towards filling that empirical data gap. The specific purpose of the study was to evaluate the seismic response of constructed embankment model regarding the different input base accelerations with fixed frequency. A series of one-dimensional (1D) shaking table tests (0.05g, 0.1g, 0.15g and 0.2g), were performed on a 0.4 meters high wrap faced reinforced-soil wall model. Additionally, it was placed over 0.3 meters high soft clayey foundation. Predominantly, the influence of the base acceleration on the seismic response was studied in this paper. The physical models were subjected to harmonic sinusoidal input motions at a fixed frequency of 1 Hz, in order to assess the seismic behavior. The effects of parameters such as acceleration amplitudes and surcharge pressures on the seismic response of the model walls were considered. The relative density of the backfill material was kept fixed at 60%. The results of this study reveal that input accelerations and surcharge load had significant influence on the model wall, pore water pressure, and changes along the elevation. Acceleration response advances with the increase in base acceleration, so the difference being more perceptible at higher elevations. The pore water pressures were found to be high for high base shaking and low surcharge pressures at higher elevations. The results obtained from this study are helpful in understanding the relative performance of reinforced soil retaining wall under different test conditions resting on soft clay.
Natural Nanoporous Filter Material as a New High-Efficiency Natural Adsorbent to Remove Textile Dyes
Authors: Kuo Chin-Ya , Liu Hsiao-Han
Published: July 2020

The objective of this paper is to perform the innovation design of removing most textile dyes that are harmful to the environment and might induce cancer. However, many methodologies had been developed for various chemical and physical processes to remove different dyes, such as ozone oxidation, electrochemical methods, chemical coagulation, hypochlorite oxidation, and adsorption to remove dyes from wastewater. A novel nanoporous filter methodology and mathematic simulations for adsorption were established as an effective medium for removing dyes from wastewater which was compared to other expensive treatments. The different concentrations of the dye liquid are used as a tester, and the different concentrations of nanoporous adsorbent were added in a uniform distribution and were tested with different time courses and under different temperatures. The final readings were measured by a spectrophotometer and fit into a mathematic model. The result indicates that this nanoporous and natural adsorbents are very good at cleaning the dyes in this system. The fit-in mathematic models could be applied in these tests which can be used in the industrial conditions for a low cost without secondary dye pollutions.
Analysis of Association between Caesarean Delivery and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Using Machine Learning
Authors: Nisana Siddegowda Prema  , Mullur Puttabuddi Pushpalatha
Published: July 2020

The study aims to analyze the association between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and other risk factors of cesarean delivery using machine learning (ML). The dataset used for the analysis is from the pregnancy risk assessment survey (PRAMS), considered in two scenarios, i.e., all the data is taken, and all the data of the women who developed GDM. Further, the data is developed in two groups Data-I and Data-II by considering multiparous and primiparous women details, respectively. The correlation analysis and major classification algorithms are applied to the data. It is founded that the top risk factors for the first time cesarean delivery are the age, height, weight, race of the women, presence of hypertension and gestational diabetes mellitus. The major risk factor for repeated cesarean delivery is the previous cesarean delivery. The presence of GDM is also one of the risk factors for cesarean delivery.
The Relationship Between Initial Hematocrit and Base Excess For Signs Of Hemorrhagic Shock In Patients With Blunt Abdominal Trauma
Authors: Akhsan Alfie Barkah , Usman Nurhayat , Rudiman Reno
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Trauma abdominal and pelvic part of the largest causes of death and, if diagnosed early, the deaths could have been prevented. By increasing the capacity for early detection and prompt and appropriate action, will produce a satisfactory outcome. In patients with bleeding, hemodilution appear within a few minutes to obtain a decrease in hematocrit. BE decline is the result of pyruvic acid metabolism occurring anaerobic tissue hypoperfusion due to bleeding unresolved. There is a strong correlation between the decrease in hematocrit and BE with shock because of intra-abdominal haemorrhage. To analyze the relationship between decreased hematocrit and BE in bleeding patients we investigated the relationship between the initial value of hematocrit and BE against any signs of shock because of intra-abdominal hemorrhage in patients with blunt abdominal trauma.

Methods: cross-sectional of the 34 subjects. The research data obtained from history taking, physical examination, investigation, and medical records. Conducted a comparative analysis of Kruskal-Wallis. Test for normality by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. A p value <0.05 indicates a significant relationship between variables. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 19.

Result: It was found an average increase in the pulse (P) frequency with decreasing hematocrit (Ht) is 92.67 ± 6.43x / min for group Ht> 40%, 95.5 ± 16.52x / min for group Ht 37-40%, and 112.89 ± 19.23x / min for group Ht <37%. Obtained an average increase of P frequency with decreasing Base Excess (BE) is 88.0 ± 0x / min for groups BE> 2, 92.33 ± 7.84x / min for BE Group 2 - (- 2), and 112.81 ± 19.22x / min for groups BE < -2. This means that there is a significant relationship between hematocrit decrease with increased of P frequency as one of the signs of hemorrhagic shock with p value = 0.046 and significant correlation between the decrease in BE with increased P frequency as one of the signs of hemorrhagic shock with p value = 0.028.

Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between the value of the initial hematocrit and BE with signs of hemorrhagic shock due to intra-abdominal hemorrhage in patients with blunt abdominal trauma.
Evaluation of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Gallstone Pancreatitis
Authors: Ayudyasari Wulan , Philippi Bennardus , Poniman Taslim , Saunar Rofi Yuldi
Published: July 2020

Introduction.  Acute pancreatitis is a major health problem due to the serious complication and mortality. Annual incidence of acute pancreatitis vary from under 10 to 40 per 100.000 person per year. Gallstone and biliary sludge contributes about 30-65% of the cause of acute pancreatitis and usually diagnosed as biliary or gallstone pancreatitis. There is still no data concerning the prevalence, diagnosis and management of gallstone pancreatitis in Indonesia.

Methods. The objective of this study is to know the prevalence and characteristic of diagnosis and management of gallstone pancreatitis in some hospitals in Jakarta. This is a descriptive cross sectional study using the data from medical record of acute pancreatitis and gallstone pancreatitis patients in Cipto Mangunkusumo, Fatmawati, and St Carolus Hospital in 2008-2012. 

Results. There were 154 acute pancreatitis patients with only 22 (14,2%) patients diagnosed as having gallstone pancreatitis and 24 (15,5%) patients that met the criteria of gallstone pancreatitis but were not diagnosed as having one. On average, gallstone pancreatitis were diagnosed on the fifth day of hospitalization. Among 46 gallstone pancreatitis patients, only 6 (13%) patients had severity assessment. The most frequent examination used to explore the causes was abdominal ultrasound, performed in 37 (80,4%) patients.One (2,2%) patient had biliary sepsis and underwent internal drainage on day 15th. Only 10 (21,7%) patients underwent cholecystectomy. Three (8,3%) patients died, all before having cholecystectomy. Two (5,6%) patients that had not undergone cholecystectomy got readmitted to the hospital due to recurrent acute pancreatitis and pancreatic pseudocyst.

Conclusion. From this study we can conclude that the diagnosis and management of gallstone pancreatitis still remain a challenge in Jakarta.