bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The functional specificity of ERECTA-family receptors in Arabidopsis stomatal development is ensured by molecular chaperones in the endoplasmic reticulum
Authors: Yang Ke-Zhen , Zuo Chao-Ran , Leng Ya-Jun , Yue Jun-Ling , Liu Hui-Chao , Fan Zhi-Bin , Xue Xue-Yi , Dong Juan , Chen Li-Qun , Le Jie
Published: September 2022

Stomata are epidermal pores that control gas exchange between plants and the atmosphere. In Arabidopsis, the ERECTA family (ERECTAf) receptors, including ERECTA, ERECTA-LIKE 1 (ERL1) and ERL2, redundantly play pivotal roles in enforcing the ‘one-cell-spacing’ rule. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that the functional specificities of receptors are likely associated with their differential subcellular dynamics. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident chaperone complex SDF2-ERdj3B-BiP functions in many aspects of plant development. We employed pharmacological treatments combined with cell biological and biochemical approaches to demonstrate that the abundance of ERECTA was reduced in the erdj3b-1 mutant, but the localization and dynamics of ERECTA were not noticeably affected. By contrast, the erdj3b mutation caused the retention of ERL1/ERL2 in the ER. Furthermore, we found that the function of SDF2-ERdj3B-BiP is implicated with the distinct roles of ERECTAf receptors. Our findings establish that the ERECTAf receptor-mediated signaling in stomatal development is ensured by the activities of the ER quality control system, which preferentially maintains the protein abundance of ERECTA and proper subcellular dynamics of ERL1/ERL2, prior to the receptors reaching their destination – the plasma membrane – to execute their functions.
Revision of the genus Bourciera Pfeiffer, 1852 (Gastropoda: Helicinidae), with the description of six new species from Ecuador and Peru
Authors: Roosen Marijn , Dorado Carles
Published: September 2022

A revision of all known Bourciera Pfeiffer, 1852 species is provided and six species are described as new to science: Bourciera amazonensis sp. nov., Bourciera curvidigitata sp. nov., Bourciera distincta sp. nov., Bourciera imbaburensis sp. nov., Bourciera intermedia sp. nov. and Bourciera ovata sp. nov. Based on new material and observations the status of B. viridissima Miller, 1879 is clarified and the first photographs of this species are presented. In addition to these, new locality data is reported for most species, the first record of Bourciera from Colombia is provided and the known distribution of the genus is extended far into the Amazon.
The study of the effect of reward on cognitive mechanisms of decision processing in patients with schizophrenia and chronic cannabis users
Authors: Φίς Σάιμον
Published: September 2022

Η χρόνια χρήση κάνναβης και η σχιζοφρένεια πιστεύεται ότι επηρεάζουν τη διεργασία ανταμοιβής. Ενώ έχουν μελετηθεί και για τις δύο περιπτώσεις οι συμπεριφορικές και νευρικές επιδράσεις στη διεργασία κινήτρων, δεν έχει μελετηθεί η αλληλεπίδρασή τους, αν και η χρόνια χρήση κάνναβης είναι συνήθης στους ασθενείς με σχιζοφρένεια. Στην παρούσα μελέτη ογδόντα εννέα συμμετέχοντες χωρισμένοι σε τέσσερις ομάδες (χρόνιοι χρήστες κάνναβης και μη χρήστες καθώς και ασθενείς με σχιζοφρένεια χρήστες κάνναβης και μη χρήστες) εκτέλεσαν ένα έργο λήψης απόφασης ανάμεσα σε δυο επιλογές, αφού είχαν προηγηθεί σήματα της αναμενόμενης ανταμοιβής (υψηλή/χαμηλή ανταμοιβή/τιμωρία ή ουδέτερο), ενώ παράλληλαυποβάλλονταν σε σάρωση εγκεφαλικής δραστηριότητας με τη χρήση Λειτουργικού Μαγνητικού Συντονισμού (fMRI). Η αναμονή ανταμοιβής και τιμωρίας είχε ως αποτέλεσμα την ενεργοποίηση περιοχών ενδιαφέροντος, όπως του θαλάμου, των βασικών γαγγλίων, της αμυγδαλής και του φλοιού της νήσου. Η χρόνια χρήση κάνναβης και η σχιζοφρένεια είχαν αντίθετα αποτελέσματα αναφορικά με την ευαισθησία αναμονής ανταμοιβής. Ειδικότερα, οι χρήστες του δείγματος και οι ασθενείς μη χρήστες  παρουσίασαν ταχύτερη συμπεριφορική απόκριση και αυξημένη δραστηριότητα στον πρόσθιο/οπίσθιο φλοιό της νήσου στα σήματα υψηλής αναμενόμενης ανταμοιβής και τιμωρίας σε σύγκριση με το δείγμα μη χρηστών και ασθενών χρηστών. Το ίδιο μοτίβο αλληλεπίδρασης παρατηρήθηκε στην ενεργοποίηση του δεξιού θαλάμου όσον αφορά στα σήματα ανταμοιβής έναντι των σημάτων τιμωρίας. Η μελέτη αυτή παρείχε αποδείξεις για την αλληλεπίδραση της χρόνιας χρήσης κάνναβης και σχιζοφρένειας στη διεργασία ανταμοιβής και τιμωρίας και αναδεικνύει την ανάγκη περαιτέρω μελλοντικής έρευνας λόγω της σπουδαιότητας αυτής της αλληλεπίδρασης στην παθοφυσιολογία αυτών των καταστάσεων και των κλινικών συνεπειών τους.
Digital Democracy and Disinformation: The European Approach to Disinformation on Social Media in the Case of 2019 European Parliament Elections
Authors: Fusiek Dawid Aristotelis , Stougiannou Angeliki Elli , Efthymiou-Egleton Theoharris William
Published: September 2022

This policy paper offers a brief overview of the hazards for digital democracy stemming from AI and digital tools and how the EU tackled online disinformation social media ahead of the 2019 European Parliament elections. The advent and introduction of social media into the political sphere has had a profound and substantial effect on Europe’s electoral processes affecting both voting behavior and the underlying factors that influence it. Whereas malicious actors often participating in disinformation have led to growing calls for reforms, this phenomenon has been most pronounced in the 2019 European parliament elections which saw an unprecedented reliance on digital media within the political process. Specifically, the European actors faced negative stemming from the scale of the vote and the algorithms and the attention-based business models used by the social media platforms. To meet these challenges, the EU not only employed legal and social means (e.g., the 2019 Action Plan Against Disinformation) but also created new initiatives focused on tackling disinformation (e.g., the Rapid Alert System). Notably, in an unprecedented manner, the EU also included the private sector in the process. As the paper argues, although its limitations, AI is an important tool for aiding the democratic process and tackling disinformation; however, a self-regulating approach favors the success of these endeavors.
Ειδικές ανάγκες # δυσκολίες μάθησης: Ορισμοί και τάσεις
Authors: Τραγουλιά Ελένη
Published: September 2022

Στο παρόν άρθρο γίνεται μια σύντομη αναφορά στους λόγους που υιοθετείται ο όρος δυσκολίες μάθησης αντί του αντίστοιχου ‘ειδικές ανάγκες’ για να περιγράψει τόσο τις ανάγκες όσο και τις δυσκολίες τις οποίες αντιμετωπίζουν οι μαθητές/τριες, που χαρακτηρίζονται ως μαθητές με ειδικές ανάγκες. Στόχος του άρθρου  είναι να αναδομήσει τις υπάρχουσες αντιλήψεις που έχουν παγιωθεί μέσα από τη χρήση του όρου ‘ειδικές ανάγκες. Προτείνεται η χρήση του όρου ‘δυσκολίες μάθησης’ με στόχο  τη δόμηση αντιλήψεων και στάσεων, που θα είναι  κοινωνικά και εκπαιδευτικά προσανατολισμένες για την αποτελεσματική διδασκαλία και μάθηση των μαθητών/τριών με δυσκολίες μάθησης.
Διδάσκοντας ιστορία σε παιδιά με μέτρια νοητική υστέρηση: Η περίπτωση των άθλων του Ηρακλή – Μελέτη περίπτωσης
Authors: Κοτσακιαχίδου Παρασκευή
Published: September 2022

Σε αυτήν την εργασία παρουσιάζεται μια μελέτη περίπτωσης με θέμα μια εναλλακτική προσέγγιση διδασκαλίας της ιστορίας σε έναν μαθητή με μέτρια νοητική υστέρηση. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, γίνεται παρουσίαση ενός εγχειρήματος να διευκολυνθεί η εκμάθηση της ιστορίας από έναν μαθητή της Δ’ Δημοτικού (έντεκα ετών). Ο μαθητής διαγνώστηκε με μέτρια νοητική υστέρηση και ορισμένες κινητικές δυσκολίες. Το γενικό θέμα της διδασκαλίας ήταν η μυθολογία, ενώ ο μαθητής είχε εκφράσει την προτίμηση του στους άθλους του Ηρακλή.  Κατά τη διάρκεια της παρέμβασης χρησιμοποιηθήκαν αφηγηματικές τεχνικές, ο ηλεκτρονικός υπολογιστής και αξιοποιήθηκαν δραστηριότητες αισθητικής αγωγής. Η επιλογή αυτή είχε δύο στόχους – αφενός να διευκολύνει τη διδασκαλία και τη μάθηση και αφετέρου να υποστηρίξει και να ενισχύσει τη μνήμη και την αυτοπεποίθηση του μαθητή. Συμπερασματικά, παρατηρήθηκε πως η χρήση των τεχνικών αυτών είχε ως αποτέλεσμα τόσο τη δημιουργία ενός αισθήματος ικανοποίησης από τον μαθητή, όσο και την ενίσχυση της αντίληψης και τη συγκράτηση πληροφοριών στη μνήμη του, έστω και προσωρινά.
An observational cross-sectional study on breast cancer patients’ knowledge of their disease: A likely cause of depression and anxiety
Authors: Peixoto Marta , Póvoa Sara , Mariano Mónica , Broco Sofia , Madeira Pedro , Pêgo António , Carvalho Teresa , Pazos Isabel , Sousa Gabriela
Published: September 2022

Background: This study aimed to assess breast cancer awareness among patients undergoing active treatment for breast cancer at Day Hospital, assess their quality of life (QoL), and explore the association between minor knowledge of the disease and higher levels of anxiety.

Methods: This prospective observational study included patients with breast cancer undergoing active treatment at the Instituto Português de Oncologia Coimbra. The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QLQ-C30, QLQ-INFO25, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were completed, and demographic and clinical data were collected and processed using SPSSÒ.

Results: In total, 188 patients with breast cancer were included. A vast majority had a positive perception of their QoL, with a higher average value compared to “cognitive functioning” (c=77.22±22.53), “social functioning” (76.86±25.41), and “physical functioning” (75.67±17.24). Regarding the information received, an overall “score” below the “cut-off line” (47.96±14.40) was observed. When evaluating “satisfaction” in isolation, the average value for “satisfaction with the information received” was 53.55±23.99, and patients perceived that the information received was beneficial to them (67.38±23.87) and did not wish to have received less information (99.47±7.29). With decreased functionality, higher levels of depression and anxiety were observed (p<0.0001). Regarding “information related to illness and anxiety/depression”, it was noted that as satisfaction with information decreased, patients tended to have higher levels of anxiety/depression (p<0.013).

Conclusions: It is necessary to create dedicated spaces for information and clinical clarification, with regular assessments of patients’ perceptions. The information provided must be reinforced through written or digital support, or brochures.
The state of the art of the electronic bill of lading
Authors: Petronilho Francisco , Fonseca Hugo , Zúquete André
Published: September 2022

Background: The shipping industry is widely regarded as a slow adapting industry, for any innovation to be made there needs to be a real demand. One of these innovations is the electronic Bill of Lading. The need for an alternative to the expensive and slow traditional Bill of Lading has been rising since the beginning of the century. Now the digital revolution naturally introduced the electronic Bill of Lading, but its unclear legal status and different regulations in different countries make it hard to establish a worldwide solution. Nevertheless, there has been progress and the current focus on standardization along with the many advantages of blockchain technology may take it a step closer to a worldwide adoption.

Methods: This paper aims to provide information about the most relevant providers of electronic bills of lading, with a clear focus on the underlying technology, in order to make a grounded analysis about each technological solution individually and in general.

Results and Conclusions: The information presented was gathered by searching existing literature and public information from the technology providers, focusing on the technology and avoiding law matters.
Latin Accentual Clausula as Exemplified in 14th-Century Prose Texts by Dante and Boccaccio
Authors: Mikkel Annika
Published: September 2022

This paper studies 14th-century Latin prose rhythm as exemplified by Dante and Boccaccio. The texts observed in this analysis are samples from De Monarchia, De vulgari eloquentia, Quaestio de aqua et terra and Epistole by Dante and De mulieribus claris and De casibus virorum illustrium by Boccaccio. In ancient rhetoric, rhythmical units were used at the ends of sentences and clauses in prose texts. These units were called clausulae, and the rhythm of classical prose was based on the quantity of syllables. Medieval Latin prose rhythm, however, was based on word stress and was called cursus. The aim of this paper is to study what kinds of cursus occur in the given text samples and their frequency. The research method used in this paper is comparative-statistical analysis. The distribution of cursus in these samples is also analysed by chapters and different types of cursus are distinguished.
Regenerative potential of biphasic calcium phosphate and enamel matrix derivatives in the treatment of isolated interproximal intrabony defects: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Pal Pritish Chandra , Bali Ashish , Boyapati Ramanarayana , Show Sangita , Tejaswi Kanikanti Siva , Khandelwal Sourabh
Published: September 2022

Background: The combined use of biomaterials for regeneration may have great biological relevance. This study aimed to compare the regenerative potential of biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) alone and with growth factor enamel matrix derivatives (EMDs) for the regeneration of intrabony defects at 1 year.Methods: This randomized controlled trial included 40 sites in 29 patients with stage II/III periodontitis and 2/3 wall intrabony defects that were treated with BCP alone (control group) or a combination of BCP and EMD (test group). BCP alloplastic bone grafts provide better bio-absorbability and accelerate bone formation. EMDs are commercially available amelogenins. Mean values and standard deviations were calculated for the following parameters: plaque index (PI), papillary bleeding index (PBI), vertical probing pocket depth (V-PPD), vertical clinical attachment level (V-CAL), and radiographic defect depth (RDD). Student paired and unpaired t-tests were used to compare the data from baseline to 12 months for each group and between the groups, respectively. The results were considered statistically significant at p<0.05.Results: At 12 months, the PI and PBI scores of the control and test groups were not significantly different (p>0.05). The mean V-PPD difference, V-CAL gain, and RDD difference were statistically significant in both groups at 12 months (p<0.001 for all parameters). Intergroup comparisons showed that the mean V-PPD reduction (2.13±1.35 mm), V-CAL gain (2.53±1.2 mm), and RDD fill (1.33±1.0 mm) were statistically significant between the groups at 12 months (p<0.001 for all parameters).Conclusion: BCP and EMDs combination is a promising modality for the regeneration of intrabony defects.
La Segunda República. Elecciones y partidos políticos en Sevilla y provincia
Authors: Gómez Salvago José
Published: September 2022

PALABRAS CLAVE Partidos políticos; resultados electorales; Estatuto de Autonomía de Andalucía; 14 de abril de 1931; anarquismo sevillano; partido socialista; derechas sevillanas; circunscripción electoral de Sevilla; opinión pública; candidaturas electorales; Editorial Universidad de Sevilla. CÓMO CITAR ESTE TÍTULO Gómez Salvago, José ([1986] 2022): La Segunda República. Elecciones y partidos políticos en Sevilla y provincia. Sevilla: Editorial Universidad de Sevilla (Colección Derecho, nº. 47). CompartirCompartir Añadir a favoritos Versión para impresión Autor/es: Gómez Salvago, José Prologada por el profesor Clavero Arévalo, esta monografía ofrece un estudio de los acontecimientos ocurridos en Sevilla durante la II República que influyeron en los resultados de las elecciones: datos electorales, condiciones socioeconómicas, partidos políticos, estructuras y estamentos de poder Para ello, se parte de unos antecedentes previos: la violencia laboral en la ciudad y provincia desde 1917, los enfrentamientos previos al 14 de abril, los incendios de centros monárquicos y religiosos, la situación del anarquismo andaluz, la actividad del partido republicano de Martínez Barrio y la importancia del partido socialista en Sevilla. Partiendo de fuentes documentales, se analizan pormenorizadamente las cuatro elecciones de la República, así como la evolución del Estatuto de Autonomía de Andalucía que se estaba elaborando en esos momentos.
ADyC. Arte, Diseño y Comunicación (2021)
Authors: Mancera Martínez Manuel Fernando
Published: September 2022

Esta publicación, coordinada por el profesor Manuel Fernando Mancera Martínez, da continuidad a una serie de ediciones previas que reúne los trabajos de diseño realizados por alumnos de la Facultad de Bellas Artes de la Universidad de Sevilla; de esta manera, se favorece una formación real dentro del ámbito creativo en el sector a partir de un esquema consolidado de aprendizaje basado en la construcción de diseños en torno a un tema propuesto, que deviene en la difusión de retículas aplicables a distintos nichos de mercado laboral dentro del ámbito de las Bellas Artes. En esta ocasión, se ha elegido como motivo la figura de Alfonso X, coincidiendo con los actos conmemorativos del VIII centenario de su nacimiento. Esta nueva propuesta ADyC engloba una visión diferente sobre el personaje histórico a partir de diversos recursos que desarrollan mapings y skins aplicables a una mercadotecnia cada vez más demandada por la sociedad y por el ámbito empresarial.
Winner Takes All? The Blockbuster Effect on Crowdfunding Platforms
Authors: Wang Zhiyi , Yang Lusi , Hahn Jungpil
Published: September 2022

Blockbuster projects on crowdfunding platforms are those that have achieved outstanding and exceptional performance. Regarding the impact of blockbuster projects on crowdfunding platforms, there are two plausible yet opposing predictions: they may exhibit both a negative effect by monopolizing backer attention and resources and a positive effect by increasing the activeness of backer side. This tension could be further complicated, considering that blockbusters are inherently heterogeneous. Drawing on the cross-side network effects literature and integrating insights from the unique features of crowdfunding, we develop a theoretical framework highlighting the multidimensional view of blockbuster effects: blockbuster projects have an overall positive effect on the performance of concurrent projects (overall effect), and such positive effect is stronger for related blockbusters (local effect) and blockbusters emerging before the focal project (temporal effect). With data from a leading crowdfunding platform, the empirical analyses largely support our proposed framework. Using off-platform data and backer data, we unveil the mechanism driving the blockbuster effects: blockbusters increase the popularity of the platform, whereby backers participating in the blockbusters tend to develop positive impressions and heightened expectations, so that they are likely to participate in other concurrent projects. Our findings have important implications for project creators and platform operators.
HPV immunisation: Moving toward a single dose?
Authors: Lepkowska Dorothy
Published: September 2022

New recommendations from the Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation may lead to changes in the HPV immunisation schedule, Dorothy Lepkowska explains
Support group for a bullied schoolchild: A case study
Authors: Kvarme Lisbeth Gravdal , Heitman Ann Jeanette , Valla Lisbeth
Published: September 2022

Bullying among schoolchildren has long-term consequences for children's health. Support groups could be an effective method against this. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of the children, mothers, and school nurse regarding bullying and support groups.

This study is a qualitative exploratory design case study, with interviews of the participants. Individual interviews were conducted with the bullied child, two mothers and the school nurse and focus group interviews were had with seven boys in the support group. The bullied boy coped better after receiving help from the support group, his family and the school nurse. We found that working together as a team is important to prevent bullying, and the school nurse reported being happy to have the support group as a tool.
Biomarkers for early detection and predicting outcomes in acute kidney injury
Authors: Cottam Daniel , Azzopardi Giada , Forni Lui G
Published: September 2022

The current diagnosis of acute kidney injury relies on the measurement of serum creatinine levels and urine output. However, both measures are subject to considerable limitations; for example, change in serum creatinine levels ideally requires a knowledge of baseline function that is often not available. Furthermore, creatinine levels are influenced by many factors including diet, drug therapy, muscle mass, gender and ethnicity, which may lead to underestimation of the extent of renal dysfunction. Similarly, urine output lacks both specificity and sensitivity as a marker of acute kidney injury given that oliguria may be an appropriate physiological response to a multitude of stressors and that output may be maintained until significant renal damage has already occurred.

Given the well-documented consequences of acute kidney injury and the considerable burden associated with its development, much attention has focused on early identification of patients at high risk to try and improve outcomes. Many studies have focused on the identification of candidate molecules that may enable the early detection of individuals at risk of developing acute kidney injury, including constitutive proteins associated with kidney damage, as well as molecules upregulated in response to injury, non-renal products that may be filtered, reabsorbed or secreted by the kidney, and markers of renal stress. Such biomarkers may also aid stratification for adverse events, such as the need for kidney replacement therapy or progression to chronic kidney disease and end-stage kidney disease. This article discusses some of these novel biomarkers and assesses the role they may have in the understanding, management, diagnosis and prognostication of acute kidney injury.
Breaking bad news: a clinical skill for postgraduate exams
Authors: Pilkington Isobel , Graziadei Vivien , Furey Joseph , Farrar Mark
Published: September 2022

Breaking bad news is a challenging station in postgraduate exams. Candidates can struggle if they have not practised delivering sensitive information in a professional and empathetic way. Limited experience of using this clinical skill as a junior doctor often compounds candidates' uncertainty in exams. A clear structure is essential for examination success. The most commonly used is the SPIKES framework, the elements of which are Setting, Perception, Invitation, Knowledge, Emotions and Strategy. This is a stepwise approach that allows candidates to break bad news in a structured way. This is beneficial in clinical practice, but is also invaluable in postgraduate exams, which often have prescriptive marking schemes. This article highlights the key topics and pitfalls that candidates may encounter and suggests tips for success in exams.
Antioxidant Activity of Ethanolic Onion Skin Extracts Produced by Microwave Assisted and Conventional Extraction Methods
Authors: Parmar Anjali , Immanuel Genitha
Published: September 2022

This experiment focused on determination of antioxidant activity of onion skin (OS), extracted by three techniques i.e. Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE), Soxhlet and Maceration with three different ethanol (EtOH) concentrations. Total Phenolic Content (TPC) and Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) were estimated by Folin-ciocaltteu method and Aluminium Chloride method respectively. Antioxidant activity (AOA) was assessed by Diphenyl Picryl Hydrazyl (DPPH) method and Half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value was recoded. The maximum TPC and TFC were found as 519.25 mg/g gallic acid equivalent (GAE) and 120.975 mg/g Quercetin equivalent (QE) respectively, using 90% EtOH concentration with microwave at 300W. EtOH (90%) OS extracts showed the highest free radical scavenging activity with power of 400W of 86.980% with an IC50 value of 38.516µg/ml. In all of assay, 90% EtOH OS extracts with MAE showed higher TPC, TFC and antioxidant activity, suggesting that MAE is a suitable method for extraction of antioxidant component from OS.
Increasing age does not influence hip-specific functional outcome or health-related quality of life following total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Clement Nick D. , Smith Karen M. , Baron Y. J. , McColm Heidi , Deehan David J. , Holland James
Published: September 2022

Aims

The primary aim of our study was to assess the influence of age on hip-specific outcome following total hip arthroplasty (THA). Secondary aims were to assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and level of activity according to age.

Methods

A prospective cohort study was conducted. All patients were fitted with an Exeter stem with a 32 mm head on highly cross-linked polyethylene (X3RimFit) cemented acetabulum. Patients were recruited into three age groups: < 65 years, 65 to 74 years, and ≥ 75 years, and assessed preoperatively and at three, 12, 24, and 60 months postoperatively. Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Harris Hip Score (HHS), and Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS), were used to assess hip-specific outcome. EuroQol five-dimension five-level questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L) and 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36) scores were used to assess HRQoL. The Lower Extremity Activity Scale (LEAS) and Timed Up and Go (TUG) were used to assess level of activity.

Results

There were no significant (p > 0.05) differences in the WOMAC scores, HSS, HOOS, or EQ-5D-5L at any postoperative timepoint between the age groups. Patients aged ≥ 75 years had significantly lower physical function (p ≤ 0.010) and physical role (p ≤ 0.047) SF-36 scores at 12, 24, and 60 months, but were equal to that expect of an age-matched population. No differences according to age were observed for the other six domains of the SF-36 (p > 0.060). The ≥ 75 years group had a lower LEAS (p < 0.001) and longer TUG test times (p ≤ 0.032) compared to the < 65 years group, but older age groups had significant (p < 0.001) improvement relative to their preoperative baseline measures.

Conclusion

Age did not influence postoperative hip-specific outcome or HRQoL (according to the EQ-5D) following THA. Despite a significant improvement, older patients had lower postoperative activity levels compared to younger patients, but this may be reflective of the overall physical effect of ageing. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(9):692–700.
Editorial - V.38 ,nº 115 (2022)
Authors: G&R Editoria
Published: September 2022

Editorial G&R -v.38,n115
Editorial
Authors: Bhat Anil K.
Published: September 2022

Science is a way of equipping yourself with the tools to interpret what happens in front of you.” — Neil de Grasse Tyson Scientific research has always been an arduous task, involving patient and meticulous search on the library shelves and internet sources for past literature, doing thought-provoking experiments, documenting their productive results, writing and publishing reports. All this demands efficient use of time with a well-planned program, which includes close monitoring and supervision of projects, writing proposals, and scientific reports, while avoiding errors, quoting the correct citations, connecting networks, and searching for relevant journals for publication. How do we all plan for this challenging task? Mercifully there are numerous online tools for the novice to help them organize their documents, search and cite literature, communicate and connect with professional contemporaries, and even more. An array of options are available, although the right tools yielding the best results may often be difficult to find. Here are a few options which I feel may be useful for our members. • Project management tools like Trello and GanttPRO help manage project progress utilizing hierarchical listing that includes scheduling activities, formulating action plans, setting deadlines, resource allocation, establishing completion deadlines, and viewing progress. • Innovative grammar check tools are now a ‘must have’ aid, detecting spelling, sentence and punctuation errors and correcting grammatical flaws. Grammarly and Trinka AI are two popular grammar checker tools available for researchers, which enhance the quality of language in the manuscript. • EndNote and Mendeley have used reference management tools for correct citation and linking references in scientific articles. • The bane of plagiarism can now be managed with numerous plagiarism checker tools such as Turnitin and Duplichecker. There are currently many journal finder tools, like Elsevier journal finder, which help send our article to the right and appropriate journal and save our precious time. • Progress in research is vitally dependent on sharing individual scientific work for which exchange of ideas and connection between researchers. A great help encouraging collaborative effort is to connect through scientific, social networks sites like ResearchGate. These forums promote and publicize the research done in the scientific community and establish links between teams across continents. Many of these sites have a free trial version, which researchers, in the beginning, can use. We congratulate our contributors to this edition and hope for more contributions from all our members as we finally move away from this pandemic. Have a great academic feast at KOACON 2022. Sincerely Dr Anil K. Bhat Editor in Chief, JKOA Associate Dean, Professor and Head Department of Hand surgery Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, MAHE
Management of Late Presented Perthes Disease
Authors: Singh Kumar Amerendra , Shah Hitesh
Published: September 2022

A child with Perthes disease presents at or after an advanced stage of advanced fragmentation is considered a late presentation. The maximum femoral head deformation happens at the stage of advanced fragmentation. Preventive strategies are needed if the child presents before the advanced stage of fragmentation. The corrective strategies are deliberated if the child presents as a late presenter. The natural history of late presented Perthes is poorer than early presentation. Clinical features, investigation, various prognostic factors, management options and decision making of late presented Perthes disease have been revealed. Keywords: Late presented Perthes disease, Hinge abduction, Severe collapse, Extrusion, Poor prognosis
Calcaneal Intraosseous Lipoma: A Case Report
Authors: Raju G Bharath , V N Ravish , Kumar Naveen , Gowda B M Bharath
Published: September 2022

Background: This case report is presented to increase awareness among clinicians about the existence of this rare cause of calcaneal pain. Intraosseous lipoma is a rare, benign primary tumour occurring in the bone We report a 40-year-old lady who presented with the history of one week old trauma with pain in the lateral aspect of right ankle which was clinically diagnosed to be right lateral collateral ligament sprain. The radiographs of the right ankle and heel incidentally revealed a lytic lesion. The patient had no symptoms persisting to foot and heel. MRI of right foot was suggestive of calcaneal stage 2 intra osseous lipoma. In view of the subchondral location of the lesion, prophylactically the lesion was treated with curettage and bone grafting to prevent the pathological fracture. The post-operative radiographs demonstrated continued remodelling and healing of the graft site. The patient was followed up on an OPD basis and made a full recovery with good patient compliance. Even though this tumour is rare, there is a need for physicians to recognize its radiological findings and offer the appropriate treatment options. It is also important for primary care physicians to be aware that there are other causes of heel pain than the common suspects. Keywords: Intraosseous lipoma, Heel pain, Lytic lesion, Benign primary tumour
Closed-loop experimental optimization of tunable lenses
Authors: Lopez-de-Haro Angel G. , Barcala Xoana , Martinez-Ibarburu Ivan , Marrakchi Yassine , Gambra Enrique , Rodriguez-Lopez Victor , Sawides Lucie , Dorronsoro Carlos
Published: September 2022

Tunable lenses (TLs) are optical devices that can change their optical power in response to an electrical signal. In many applications, they are often pushed to or beyond their temporal limits. Fast periodic and/or abrupt variations of the optical power induce undesired distortions in their transient response and produce a decrease in their performance. A low-cost focimetry system, along with a custom closed-loop iterative optimization algorithm, was developed to (1) characterize a TL’s response at high speed and (2) optimize their performance in realistic TL working conditions. A significant lens performance improvement was found in about 23 iterations with a decrease in the area under the error curve and an improved effective time. Applying the closed-loop optimization algorithm in a depth scanning experiment enhanced the image quality. Quantitatively, the image quality was evaluated using the structural similarity index metric that improves in individual frames, on average, from 0.345 to 0.895.
Pitfalls in the spectral measurements of polarization-altering metasurfaces
Authors: Wang Hsiang-Chu , Martin Olivier J. F.
Published: September 2022

The optical characterization of metasurfaces and nanostructures that alter the polarization of light is tricky and can lead to unphysical results, such as reflectance beyond unity. We track the origin of such pitfalls to the response of some typical optical components used in a commercial microscope or a custom-made setup. In particular, the beam splitter and some mirrors have different responses for both polarizations and can produce wrong results. A simple procedure is described to correct these erroneous results, based on the optical characterization of the different components in the optical setup. With this procedure, the experimental results match the numerical simulations perfectly. The methodology described here is simple and will enable the accurate spectral measurements of nanostructures and metasurfaces that alter the polarization of the incoming light.
Research on the rapid assembly algorithm of the wireless ultraviolet cooperative UAV formation
Authors: Zhao Taifei , Rong Kaixin , Zhang Gang
Published: September 2022

Aiming at the problem that the strong electromagnetic interference environment restricts the communication of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV) formation, which affects the rapid assembly of the UAV formation, a wireless ultraviolet cooperative UAV formation rapid assembly algorithm is proposed to realize the fixed-point assembly of the UAV formation in the airspace. First, the Ultraviolet(UV) light beacon model is used to realize the information interaction of the UAV formation. secondly, the UV four-node positioning algorithm is used to realize the three-dimensional positioning of the UAV formation. Combined with the method, the UAV formation can reach a consensus speed when assembling. The simulation results show that when there are more than 6 reference nodes, the three-dimensional space positioning accuracy can reach 96%. The assembly algorithm can realize the fixed-point assembly of the UAV formation, and can maintain the circular motion trajectory after the assembly is completed.
Ultrafast formation of quantized interlayer vibrations in Bi2Se3 by photoinduced strain waves
Authors: Park Tae Gwan , Oh Eon-Taek , Kim Sungwon , Ou Yunbo , Moodera Jagadeesh , Kim Hyunjung , Rotermund Fabian
Published: September 2022

This study comprehensively investigated the coherent lattice dynamics in Bi2Se3 by ultrafast optical pump–probe spectroscopy with tunable near-infrared probe pulses. Sample-thickness- and probe-wavelength-dependent experiments revealed the key role of Bi2Se3 optical property in the generation and detection of photoinduced strain waves, whose confinement initiated coherent interlayer vibrations. Furthermore, the frequency and lifetime of the interlayer vibrations could be quantitatively explained with a modified linear chain and an acoustic mismatch model considering elastic coupling at sample–substrate interfaces. The results of this work provide insights for analyzing and interpreting, through ultrafast optical spectroscopy, nanomechanical interactions in layered materials.
Full-space beam scanning based on transmission reflection switchable quadratic phase metasurface
Authors: Zhang Haochen , Zhang Xu , Ma Xiaoliang , Pu Mingbo , Huang Cheng , Zhang Zuojun , Wang Yanxun , Guo Yinghui , Luo Jun , Luo Xiangang
Published: September 2022

Beam scanning based on metasurfaces is widely discussed in recent years owing to its high integration, lightweight, and low cost. However, most of the reported beam scanning metasurfaces operate in either transmission or reflection mode. Here, we propose a full-space beam scanning metasurface based on transmission reflection switchable meta-atom and the quadratic phase distribution. As a validation, a metasurface array with 400 units (20 × 20) was experimentally demonstrated. Beam scanning of ± 35 ° was achieved in both transmission mode and reflection mode. A larger scanning angle (± 45 °) was further verified simulatively with a 900-units (30 × 30) array. The method provides an avenue for expanding the space of electromagnetic wave manipulation and may have great potential in wireless communication and radar detection.
Watt-level gigahertz femtosecond fiber laser system at 920 nm
Authors: Zhang Jing , Wen Junpeng , Wang Yafei , Wang Wenlong , Lin Wei , Wei Xiaoming , Yang Zhongmin
Published: September 2022

We demonstrate a watt-level femtosecond fiber laser system at 0.9 µm with a repetition rate of >1 GHz, which is the highest value reported so far for a fundamental mode-locked fiber laser. The fiber laser system is seeded by a fundamental mode-locked fiber laser constructed with a home-made highly Nd3+-doped fiber. After external amplification and pulse compression, an output power of 1.75 W and a pulse duration of 309 fs are obtained. This compact fiber laser system is expected to be a promising laser source for biological applications, particularly two-photon excitation microscopy.
Modified Klyshko method for an analog detector calibration
Authors: Prudkovskii P. A. , Safronenkov D. A. , Kitaeva G. Kh.
Published: September 2022

We extend the absolute quantum efficiency (QE) calibration method, previously used only for photon counters, to analog detectors with a high dispersion of single-photon responses. Our approach is demonstrated on a reference-free measurement of a photomultiplier tube (PMT) cathode QE with 4% relative uncertainty. It involves not only measuring the biphoton field correlation function, but also a special approximation of the distribution of detector readings in order to determine the average number of photoelectrons and the average charge corresponding to a single photoelectron. Results of the calibration were verified in an independent experiment; the numbers of incident photons detected by the PMT and a single-photon counter are in good agreement.
Elevated phosphorylation of EGFR in NSCLC due to mutations in PTPRH
Authors: Swiatnicki Matthew R. , Rennhack Jonathan P. , Ortiz Mylena M. O. , Hollern Daniel P. , Perry Ashlee V. , Kubiak Rachel , Riveria Riveria Sarai M. , O’Reilly Sandra , Andrechek Eran R.
Published: September 2022

The role of EGFR in lung cancer is well described with numerous activating mutations that result in phosphorylation and tyrosine kinase inhibitors that target EGFR. While the role of the EGFR kinase in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is appreciated, control of EGFR signaling pathways through dephosphorylation by phosphatases is not as clear. Through whole genome sequencing we have uncovered conserved V483M Ptprh mutations in PyMT induced tumors. Profiling the downstream events of Ptprh mutant tumors revealed AKT activation, suggesting a key target of PTPRH was EGFR tyrosine 1197. Given the role of EGFR in lung cancer, we explored TCGA data which revealed that a subset of PTPRH mutant tumors shared gene expression profiles with EGFR mutant tumors, but that EGFR mutations and PTPRH mutations were mutually exclusive. Generation of a PTPRH knockout NSCLC cell line resulted in Y1197 phosphorylation of EGFR, and a rescue with expression of wild type PTPRH returned EGFR phosphorylation to parental line values while rescue with catalytically dead PTPRH did not. A dose response curve illustrated that two human NSCLC lines with naturally occurring PTPRH mutations responded to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibition. Osimertinib treatment of these tumors resulted in a reduction of tumor volume relative to vehicle controls. PTPRH mutation resulted in nuclear pEGFR as seen in immunohistochemistry, suggesting that there may also be a role for EGFR as a transcriptional co-factor. Together these data suggest mutations in PTPRH in NSCLC is inhibitory to PTPRH function, resulting in aberrant EGFR activity and ultimately may result in clinically actionable alterations using existing therapies.
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of Anopheles mosquito control through insecticide treated nets and community-based health programs to prevent malaria in East Sumba Island, Indonesia
Authors: Bandzuh John T. , Ernst Kacey C. , Gunn Jayleen K. L. , Pandarangga Salmon , Yowi Linda Rambu Kuba , Hobgen Sarah , Cavanaugh Kerry R. , Kalaway Rambu Yetti , Kalunga Norlina Rambu Jola , Killa Maklon Felipus , Ara Umbu Ho , Uejio Christopher K. , Hayden Mary H.
Published: September 2022

With an estimated 241 million human cases and 627,000 deaths in 2020, malaria remains a significant and ongoing global health challenge. This study employs a qualitative approach to investigate knowledge, attitudes, and practices surrounding mosquito control and prevention methods in East Sumba Regency, Indonesia. While malaria is under control in much of Indonesia, transmission in Sumba Island remains high, with incidence as high as 500 per 1000 population in some areas. A qualitative study was undertaken to explore use of insecticide treated nets, (ITNs), traditional Sumbanese mosquito control methods, and the role of women, integrated health service posts, (posyandu) and community-based health workers (kaders) in combatting malaria and controlling mosquitoes. Focus group discussions (n = 7) were conducted in East Sumba Island stratified by urban/rural location and level of malaria transmission. Key informant interviews (n = 14) were conducted with religious leaders, health workers, and women’s group leaders. Results indicate that environmental conditions, such as high temperatures, were common deterrents to regular ITN use. Furthermore, our results suggest that community embedded health workers, kaders, and health service posts, posyandu, play an important role in information dissemination related to mosquitoes and mosquito-borne diseases as well as the distribution and use of ITNs in East Sumba Island. The role of the posyandu and kaders could be expanded to improve malaria prevention by integration with educational campaigns, aiding ITN distributions, and malaria diagnosis and treatment. This study is the first to examine mosquito-borne disease-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices in East Sumba Island, Indonesia. Results could improve mosquito control and malaria prevention by providing insights into local knowledge of Anopheles mosquitoes and malaria as well. Tailoring mosquito control and malaria prevention strategies around local knowledge and perceptions is likely to be more acceptable and sustainable.
Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of influenza virus infection in hospitalized children with acute respiratory infections in Sri Lanka
Authors: Rafeek Rukshan A. M. , Divarathna Maduja V. M. , Morel Adrian J. , Noordeen Faseeha
Published: September 2022

Influenza viruses (Inf-V) are an important cause of acute respiratory infection (ARI) in children. This study was undertaken to describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of Inf-V infections in a sample of hospitalized children with ARI. Nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPA) from 500 children between 1 month to 5 years old with symptoms of ARI were collected at the Teaching Hospital Kegalle Sri Lanka From May 2016 to June 2018, NPAs were tested for influenza A (Inf-A) and B (Inf-B) viruses, human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV), human parainfluenza virus (hPIV) 1–3 using an immunofluorescence assay. The Inf-V were then subtyped using a multiplex RT-PCR. Inf-V were detected in 10.75% (54/502) of the hospitalized children with ARI and in that 5.57% (28/502) were positive for Inf-A and 5.17% (26/502) were positive for Inf-B. Of the 54 Inf-V positive children, 33 were aged between 6 and 20 months. Of the 28 children infected with Inf-A, 15 had uncharacterized lower respiratory infection, 7 had bronchopneumonia and 6 had bronchiolitis. Of the 26 children infected with Inf-B, 11 had uncharacterized lower respiratory infection, 10 had bronchiolitis, and 4 had bronchopneumonia. Inf-B circulated throughout the year with a few peaks, one in June and then in August followed by November to December in 2016 and one in April 2017 and January 2018. Inf-A circulated throughout the year with a major peak in March to April 2017 and July 2018. ARI was more common in boys compared to girls. Majority of the children infected with Inf-V were diagnosed with uncharacterized lower respiratory infection and mild to moderate bronchiolitis. Inf-V infections were prevalent throughout the year in the study area of Sri Lanka with variations in the type of the circulating virus.
Transcriptional regulation of Acsl1 by CHREBP and NF-kappa B in macrophages during hyperglycemia and inflammation
Authors: Thevkar-Nagesh Prashanth , Habault Justine , Voisin Maud , Ruff Sophie E. , Ha Susan , Ruoff Rachel , Chen Xi , Rawal Shruti , Zahr Tarik , Szabo Gyongyi , Rogatsky Inez , Fisher Edward A. , Garabedian Michael J.
Published: September 2022

Acyl-CoA synthetase 1 (ACSL1) is an enzyme that converts fatty acids to acyl-CoA-derivatives for lipid catabolism and lipid synthesis in general and can provide substrates for the production of mediators of inflammation in monocytes and macrophages. Acsl1 expression is increased by hyperglycemia and inflammatory stimuli in monocytes and macrophages, and promotes the pro-atherosclerotic effects of diabetes in mice. Yet, surprisingly little is known about the mechanisms underlying Acsl1 transcriptional regulation. Here we demonstrate that the glucose-sensing transcription factor, Carbohydrate Response Element Binding Protein (CHREBP), is a regulator of the expression of Acsl1 mRNA by high glucose in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). In addition, we show that inflammatory stimulation of BMDMs with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) increases Acsl1 mRNA via the transcription factor, NF-kappa B. LPS treatment also increases ACSL1 protein abundance and localization to membranes where it can exert its activity. Using an Acsl1 reporter gene containing the promoter and an upstream regulatory region, which has multiple conserved CHREBP and NF-kappa B (p65/RELA) binding sites, we found increased Acsl1 promoter activity upon CHREBP and p65/RELA expression. We also show that CHREBP and p65/RELA occupy the Acsl1 promoter in BMDMs. In primary human monocytes cultured in high glucose versus normal glucose, ACSL1 mRNA expression was elevated by high glucose and further enhanced by LPS treatment. Our findings demonstrate that CHREBP and NF-kappa B control Acsl1 expression under hyperglycemic and inflammatory conditions.