bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Employee perception of managers’ attitudes towards older workers is associated with risk of loss of paid work before state pension age: prospective cohort study with register follow-up
Authors: Meng Annette , Sundstrup Emil , Andersen Lars L.
Published: August 2022

It is increasingly urgent to retain older workers in the workforce. In the present study, we analysed the prospective associations between employees’ perceptions of their managers’ attitudes towards older workers, and of having experienced age discrimination in the labour market with the risk of loss of paid work before the state pension age. Questionnaire data from 10,320 currently employed workers aged 50 + on perceptions of managers’ attitudes towards older workers and perceived age discrimination were collected at baseline in the SeniorWorkingLife study. Data on labour market affiliation were obtained from national registers at baseline and two-year follow-up. Results show that the perception of negative attitudes was prospectively associated with an increased risk of loss of paid work for three of the five negative attitudes “older workers create conflicts, their qualifications are outdated, and they cannot keep up with the pace and development”. Perception of positive attitudes was prospectively associated with a reduced risk of loss of paid work. The perception of age discrimination was prospectively associated with an increased risk of loss of paid work. The results strengthen existing evidence on associations between ageism and labour market attachment, by applying a longitudinal design and including actual change in labour market participation. However, some negative attitudes may be more detrimental to the older workers’ labour market participation. Employees’ positive perceptions of managers’ attitudes reduced the risk. Good relations between employees and managers appear to be important for retaining older workers in the labour market.
Hydrocarbon Identification and Bedding Fracture Detection in Shale Gas Reservoirs Based on a Novel Seismic Dispersion Attribute Inversion Method
Authors: Guo Zhiqi , Zhang Xiaodong , Liu Cai , Liu Xiwu , Liu Yuwei
Published: August 2022

Prediction of hydrocarbon enrichment and natural fractures is significant for sweet spot characterization in shale gas reservoirs. However, it is difficult to estimate reservoir properties using conventional seismic techniques based on elastic and isotropic assumptions. Considering that the viscoelastic anisotropic model better represents organic shale, we propose a new seismic inversion method to improve shale gas characterization by incorporating the anisotropic reflectivity theory in the frequency-dependent inversion scheme. The computed P-wave velocity dispersion attribute DP evaluates the hydrocarbon enrichment by estimating the inelastic properties of shale associated with organic materials. The inverted anisotropic dispersion attribute Dε detects the development intensity of bedding fractures using frequency-dependent anisotropy owing to wave-induced fluid flow in parallel fractures. Synthetic tests indicate that DP can robustly estimate shale attenuation and Dε is sensitive to the frequency-dependent anisotropy of shale. The results are validated by reservoir properties measured in gas-producing boreholes and rock physical modeling analysis, supporting the applicability of the dispersion attributes for hydrocarbon identification and bedding fracture detection. The predicted hydrocarbon enrichment and the development of bedding fractures correlate with the structural characteristics of the shale formation. The depth-related shale properties can be described by improving the geological understanding of the study area. Finally, favorable areas with high hydrocarbon enrichment and extensive development of bedding fractures are identified by simultaneously considering high DP and Dε anomalies, providing essential information for predicting potential shale gas reservoirs.

Article Highlights

A novel seismic inversion method for anisotropy dispersion attributes is proposed

P-wave velocity dispersion attribute is used to identify hydrocarbon enrichment in shale

Anisotropic dispersion attribute is used to detect bedding fractures in shale
Income taxation and equity: new dominance criteria with a microsimulation application
Authors: Brunori Paolo , Palmisano Flaviana , Peragine Vito
Published: August 2022

This paper addresses the problem of the normative evaluation of income tax systems and income tax reforms. While most of the existing criteria, framed in the utilitarian tradition, are uniquely based on information about individual incomes, this paper, building upon the opportunity egalitarian theory, proposes new equity criteria which take into account also the socio-economic characteristics of individuals. Suitable dominance conditions that can be used to rank alternative tax systems are derived by means of an axiomatic approach. Moreover, the theoretical results are used to assess the redistributive effects of an hypothetical tax reform in Romania through a microsimulation analysis.
Predicting self-exclusion among online gamblers: An empirical real-world study
Authors: Hopfgartner Niklas , Auer Michael , Griffiths Mark D. , Helic Denis
Published: August 2022

Protecting gamblers from problematic gambling behavior is a major concern for clinicians, researchers, and gambling regulators. Most gambling operators offer a range of so-called responsible gambling tools to help players better understand and control their gambling behavior. One such tool is voluntary self-exclusion, which allows players to block themselves from gambling for a self-selected period. Using player tracking data from three online gambling platforms operating across six countries, this study empirically investigated the factors that led players to self-exclude. Specifically, the study tested (i) which behavioral features led to future self-exclusion, and (ii) whether monetary gambling intensity features (i.e., amount of stakes, losses, and deposits) additionally improved the prediction. A total of 25,720 online gamblers (13% female; mean age = 39.9 years) were analyzed, of whom 414 (1.61%) had a future self-exclusion. Results showed that higher odds of future self-exclusion across countries was associated with a (i) higher number of previous voluntary limit changes and self-exclusions, (ii) higher number of different payment methods for deposits, (iii) higher average number of deposits per session, and (iv) higher number of different types of games played. In five out of six countries, none of the monetary gambling intensity features appeared to affect the odds of future self-exclusion given the inclusion of the aforementioned behavioral variables. Finally, the study examined whether the identified behavioral variables could be used by machine learning algorithms to predict future self-exclusions and generalize to gambling populations of other countries and operators. Overall, machine learning algorithms were able to generalize to other countries in predicting future self-exclusions.
Reviving tradition-bound products: a case of value co-creation using rhetorical history
Authors: Ishizuka Chikako , Kuo-Che Tseng , Kishi Yasuyuki
Published: August 2022

This study explores the value co-creation framework to revive tradition-bound products using rhetorical history and service-dominant logic. This framework shows the effects of using historical significance to enable value co-creation in a new ecosystem by engaging consumers and local communities without eliminating their traditions. Existing studies merely discuss the methodology of a rhetorical emphasis on the authenticity of traditional industrial firms’ history to attract customers. This study explains the motivation to engage in value co-creation to transform tradition-bound businesses. Through these processes, businesses’ boundaries are thawed, and the customer becomes the advocate and thus, the driver of reviving tradition-bound products.
Global changes in chromatin accessibility and transcription in growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma
Authors: Wang Meng , Ji Chenxing , Zhang Yichao , Zhang Zhiqiang , Zhang Yu , Guo Huiping , Qiao Nidan , Zhou Xiang , Cao Xiaoyun , Ye Zhen , Yu Yifei , Melnikov Vladimir , Gong Wei , He Min , Zhang Zhaoyun , Zhao Yao , Wang Xuelong , Wei Gang , Ye Zhao
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma (GHPA) is an insidious disease with persistent hypersecretion of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1, causing increased morbidity and mortality. Previous studies have investigated the transcription of GHPA. However, the gene regulatory landscape has not been fully characterized. The objective of our study was to unravel the changes in chromatin accessibility and transcription in GHPA.

Methods

Six patients diagnosed with GHPA in the Department of Neurosurgery at Huashan Hospital were enrolled in our study. Primary pituitary adenoma tissues and adjacent normal pituitary specimens with no morphologic abnormalities from these six patients were obtained at surgery. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq) were applied to investigate the underlying relationship between gene expression and chromatin accessibility changes in GHPA.

Results

Totally, 1528 differential expression genes (DEGs) were identified by transcriptomics analyses, including 725 up-regulated and 803 down-regulated. Further, we obtained 64 significantly DEGs including 10 DEGs were elevated and 54 DEGs were negligibly expressed in tumors tissues. The up-regulated DEGs were mainly involved in terms related to synapse formation, nervous system development and secretory pathway. In parallel, 3916 increased and 2895 decreased chromatin-accessible regions were mapped by ATAC-seq. Additionally, the chromatin accessible changes were frequently located adjacent to transcription factor CTCF and Rfx2 binding site.

Conclusions

Our results are the first to demonstrate the landscape of chromatin accessibility in GHPA, which may contribute to illustrate the underlying transcriptional regulation mechanism of this disease.
Renin and electrolytes indicate the mineralocorticoid activity of fludrocortisone: a 6 year study in primary adrenal insufficiency
Authors: Ceccato F. , Torchio M. , Tizianel I. , Peleg Falb M. , Barbot M. , Sabbadin C. , Betterle C. , Scaroni C.
Published: August 2022

Context

Fludrocortisone (FC) is the mineralocorticoid (MC) replacement treatment for patients with primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI).

Objective

To explore the dose of FC treatment and its relationship with glucocorticoid therapy, sodium, potassium, renin and clinical parameters.

Setting

Monocentric cohort.

Patients

Data of 193 patients with PAI (130 autoimmune) were collected during baseline (T0), intermediate (T1) and last follow-up visit (T2, respectively, after a mean of 38 and 72 months).

Main outcome measure

Utility of endocrine and clinical parameters to titrate FC dose.

Results

FC dose (50–75 μg/daily) was stable in the follow-up in half patients. The MC activity of FC was dose-dependent: we observed a reduced but significant positive linear correlation between FC dose and sodium (r = 0.132) and negative linear correlation between FC and potassium (r = − 0.162) or renin (r = − 0.131, all p < 0.01). An overall reduction in the FC dose was observed at T2 in the group with longer follow-up (> 60 months, p < 0.05). Higher doses of FC were observed in patients with low-normal renin, especially in autoimmune PAI (86 vs 65 μg/daily, p < 0.05). On the contrary, reduced sodium and increased potassium levels were observed in patients with high renin at T2. The number of cardiovascular events (15 in the whole cohort) was similar in patients sorted by renin levels or FC dose.

Conclusions

Renin and electrolytes can indicate the MC activity of FC treatment: they should be routinely evaluated and used to titrate its dose that can be reduced in the long-term follow-up.
Listening to the Post-script: Intersections Between Improvisation and Indeterminacy in Music and Education
Authors: Wilson Stephanie
Published: August 2022

This article begins by exploring how current educational research describes the role of improvisation in education. Drawing on Biesta’s (2017) discussion of the purpose of the educational task, it then argues for a broader consideration of the role of improvisation in education and its potential to positively disrupt traditional linear timescapes. While discussions of improvisation in education often reference jazz music, this study explores a broader range of indeterminate musical forms to gain different insights. Specifically, it translates Stern’s (1988) Table of Transformational and Musical Hierarchies into a framework for education to support educators in considering the role of improvisation in their design and teaching practice. The adapted conceptual model incorporates the dimensions of complex learning environments described by the Activity-Centred Analysis and Design (ACAD) framework as discussed by Goodyear and Carvalho (2014), and in the process, surfaces the temporal aspects of the ACAD framework for closer examination. The model highlights several factors that take on a more significant role in highly indeterminate educational forms such as silence, absence, openings, and rupture. It also provides an opportunity to reflect on ways in which technology contributes to enabling or constraining improvisational processes in postdigital education. The study contributes to research on the intersection between sound and education, and to making the sonic dimension of education one of more ‘intentional concern’ as described by Ford and Sasaki (2021).
Leveraging on non-causal reasoning techniques for enhancing the cognitive management of highly automated vehicles
Authors: Panagiotopoulos Ilias , Dimitrakopoulos George
Published: August 2022

Highly Automated Vehicles (HAVs) are expected to improve the performance of terrestrial transportations by providing safe and efficient travel experience to drivers and passengers. As HAVs will be equipped with different driving automation levels, they should be capable to dynamically adapt their Level of Autonomy (LoA), in order to tackle sudden and recurrent changes in their environment (i.e., inclement weather, complex terrain, unexpected on-road obstacles, etc.). In this respect, HAVs should be able to respond not only on causal reasoning effects, which depend on present and past inputs from the external driving environment, but also on non-causal reasoning situations depending on future states associated with the external driving scene. On the other hand, driver’s personal preferences and profile characteristics should be assessed and managed properly, in order to enhance travel experience. In the light of the above, the present paper aims to tackle these challenges on how cognitive computing enables HAVs to operate each time in the best available LoA by responding quickly to changing environment situations and driver’s preferences. On this basis, an in-vehicle cognitive functionality is introduced, which collects data from various sources (sensor and driver layers), intelligently processing it to the decision-making layer, and finally, selecting the optimal LoA by integrating previous knowledge and experience. The overall approach includes the identification and utilization of a hybrid (data-driven and event-driven) algorithmic process towards reaching intelligent and proactive decisions. An indicative discrete event simulation analysis showcases the efficiency of the developed approach in proactively adapting the vehicle’s LoA.
EDS1 modules as two-tiered receptor complexes for TIR-catalyzed signaling molecules to activate plant immunity
Authors: Li Jia , Tao Xiaorong
Published: August 2022

Plant intracellular nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptors with an N-terminal Toll/Interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain detect pathogen effectors to produce TIR-catalyzed signaling molecules for activation of plant immunity. Plant immune signaling by TIR-containing NLR (TNL) proteins converges on Enhanced Disease Susceptibility 1 (EDS1) and its direct partners Phytoalexin Deficient 4 (PAD4) or Senescence-Associated Gene 101 (SAG101). TNL signaling also require helper NLRs N requirement gene 1 (NRG1) and activated disease resistance 1 (ADR1). In two recent remarkable papers published in Science, the authors show that the TIR-containing proteins catalyze and produce two types of signaling molecules, ADPr-ATP/diADPR and pRib-AMP/ADP. Importantly, they demonstrate that EDS1-SAG101 and EDS1-PAD4 modules are the receptor complexes for ADPr-ATP/diADPRp and Rib-AMP/ADP, respectively, which allosterically promote EDS1-SAG101 interaction with NRG1 and EDS1-PAD4 interaction with ADR1. Thus, two different small molecules catalyzed by TIR-containing proteins selectively activate the downstream two distinct branches of EDS1-mediated immune signalings. These breakthrough studies significantly advance our understanding of TNL downstream signaling pathway.
Legalizing Illegal Mass Surveillance: A Transnational Perspective on Canada’s Legislative Response to the Expansion of Security Intelligence
Authors: Ogasawara Midori
Published: August 2022

This article offers a transnational perspective on Canada’s legislative response to globally expanded national security intelligence activities in the War on Terror since 2001. I situate Canada’s new legislation against the backdrop of US and Japanese legislative responses and analyze the transition, including Bill C-13 (2014), Bill C-44 (2015), Bill C-51 (2015), and Bill C-59 (2019). I argue that the thrust of this legislative trend has been the active legalization of previously illegal surveillance activities by security intelligence agencies, rather than passive ineffectiveness in restricting state mass surveillance enabled by information and communication technologies. The transition is in synch with a global legislative trend that lowers the legal standards of privacy and personal data protection and weakens checks and balances in democratic governance. As a result, mass surveillance has increasingly undermined and regulated the rule of law, not vice versa.
The idea of Europe in football
Authors: de Witte Floris , Zglinski Jan
Published: August 2022

The article explores the Europeanisation of football, focusing on two dimensions of this process: its affective and regulatory dimension. Developments such as the creation of pan-European club competitions and growing cross-border movement of players mean that ‘Europe’ plays an ever more important role in football on an affective level. The same is true on a regulatory level, where EU law and policy have come to impact on various aspects of football, ranging from transfer rules, to club financing, to the sale of broadcasting rights. We argue that only by examining the interaction between these two dimensions can we truly understand what is ‘European’ about football. The article shows that there continues to be strong support in football for the cultural elements of the European Sport Model, including a commitment to local identity, sporting merit and solidarity. By contrast, its governance aspects are increasingly coming under pressure, as the recent European Super League saga illustrates. Our findings suggest that the EU can – and should – do more to improve regulatory standards in football and push for a greater representation of fans and other stakeholders that have currently no, or limited, voice in the football pyramid.
Coding for the 99 per cent? Principles and the preconditions of capital minting
Authors: Leone Candida
Published: August 2022

Martijn Hesselink proposes a ‘Progressive code of European Private Law’, which would seek to tame the ‘legal steroids’ that private law modules and savvy crafting by well-paid lawyers currently offer to to global capitalism. The present comment engages with one of the core characters of the proposed code, namely that it should ‘consist of fundamental principles (not detailed rules)’. Rather than taking up the impossible task of suggesting (or speculating) what the principles should be, the paper aims to further operationalise certain aspects of what they should – or should not – do. To this aim, the role of principles is assessed in relation to attempts to ‘code for the 99 per cent’. Hence, the paper revisits certain mechanisms of so-called weaker party protection or social law through Katharina Pistor’s coding analytics (priority, durability, universality, convertibility). Private law principles and their legacy are part of the resistance, or backlash, against social coding. The paper concludes that a code of principles that aims to be progressive in the sense Hesselink highlights should consider at least two requirements: first, principles should be expressly formulated in such a way that they do not stand in the way of progressive detailed rules; second, they need to broaden the private legal imagination. It is on this account that ‘any amount of regulatory private law could not achieve what a (constitutionalised) code of private law principles could accomplish’.
Pathways to interpersonal justice in European private law: top-down or bottom-up?
Authors: Cherednychenko Olha O.
Published: August 2022

Katharina Pistor’s recent work has revealed a deep justice deficit in private law, raising fundamental questions about how it could be reduced. While Pistor favours piecemeal bottom-up solutions to instances of injustice, Martijn Hesselink proposes a more radical top-down strategy – the adoption of a progressive European code of private law. This article explores the top-down and bottom-up pathways to justice in private law, focussing on the role of interpersonal justice as justice between substantively free and equal persons in European private law. It shows that although concerns about a balance of the competing interests of private parties pervade many of its areas, they do not take central stage in European private law. The substantive private autonomy embodied in national private law systems, the regulated private autonomy enshrined in EU secondary private law and the unregulated private autonomy with an interstate element underpinning EU free movement law sit uneasily together. It is argued that in order to enhance the role of interpersonal justice in the internal market and develop a more coherent European private law, the current bottom-up pathway thereto could be complemented by a more top-down roadmap towards the EU principles of private law justice.
How EU law politicises markets and creates spaces for progressive coding
Authors: Tagiuri Giacomo
Published: August 2022

This comment starts from a reading of Katharina Pistor’s The Code of Capital, together with Martijn Hesselink’s proposal for a progressive European code of private law in this issue. I emphasise how Pistor brings to legal debates a renewed awareness about markets as historically contextual and legally structured socio-legal configurations where hierarchies are pervasive. This awareness points at a path for action, which I understand as a project of market democratisation. I see Hesselink’s proposal as contributing to this project. However, I offer a tweak to his argument by drawing on a pool of normative and empirical sensitivities developed by literature on governance and democratic experimentalism. On my reading, Hesselink’s progressive code would be difficult to realise through democratic deliberation in the public sphere alone. The project would have better prospects for success if it relied on iterative destabilisation and redesign of existing market arrangements through platforms that allow for their contestation, the voicing of both popular and expert input in their redesign, and the monitoring of the new solutions. Thus understood, a progressive European code may rely on institutions and processes available in European Union (EU) law which create spaces for contestation of existing dominant assemblages of the modules of capital as well as their progressive rearticulation.
The paths to a progressive European code of private law
Authors: Fabre-Magnan Muriel
Published: August 2022

Debate on Martijn W Hesselink’s article: Reconstituting the code of capital: could a progressive European code of private law help us reduce inequality and regain democratic control?
Chinese Entrepreneurs, the Party-State, and Gender: Women Succeed in Business without the CCP
Authors: Chen Minglu , Goldsmith Benjamin E. , Ratcliff Shaun
Published: August 2022

In this article, we take a gender perspective to explore the relationship between private entrepreneurs’ business success and their Chinese Communist Party (CCP) membership. We theorize that, due to male-dominated CCP-business networks, female entrepreneurs are not able to leverage CCP membership into greater business success. Observable implications of this are that women will experience little or no business advantage from Party membership, while men will experience a significant advantage. The independence of women's business success from Party connections allows the possibility that women have carved out an area of autonomy from the party-state. Using a series of national entrepreneur surveys collected between 2002 and 2012, we assess the degree of empirical support for our expectations. We show that the CCP does appear to function as an exclusive “boys’ club” in terms of profitable patronage or networks, while the most successful women tend not to be Party members. The surveys also provide some evidence consistent with a CCP effort to recruit successful female entrepreneurs in order to curtail their autonomy. Our findings suggest non-CCP female entrepreneurs are a significant but generally overlooked socio-economic group with considerable potential autonomy.
A note relating to the birth date of Captain Francis Rawdon Moira Crozier R.N., F.R.S., F.R.A.S.
Authors: Long Alison
Published: August 2022

Prior to 2009, it had been generally accepted that Captain Crozier was born in September 1796 and most likely on the 17th of that month. Further research, published in this Journal, then suggested that upon a fresh scrutiny of the evidence the alternative date of 16 August 1796 was more probable. This note proposes that whilst the date of 16 August was of significance to Captain Crozier, that significance was other than natal and furthermore that alternative evidence, namely a letter dated 20 March 1810 from his father to the 3rd Marquess of Downshire, records his date of birth as being 17 October 1796.
Hybrid MoM-circuit models to analyze the radiated susceptibility of multiconductor shielded cables within complex structures
Authors: Bouzidi Zahra , Saih Mohamed , Rouijaa Hicham , El Idrissi Abdelaziz , Ghammaz Abdelilah
Published: August 2022

This paper presents an analysis of the radiated susceptibility of multiconductor shielded cables within complex structures following a hybrid method using moments (MoM) circuit models. The MoM code was used to compute the currents on the shielding induced by an external electromagnetic field and incorporated into a circuit model. The proposed method can be employed for nonlinear loads. The method was tested on two cases: coaxial shielded cables inside a cavity and a car with complex wiring, including a coaxial cable, a twinax cable (a cable with two parallel wires), and a triaxial cable (a cable with three parallel wires), all of which are excited by an incident plane wave. The proposed method provides high accuracy and significant speed gain, and its results are in good agreement with those obtained in other studies.
Satellite Observed Land Surface Greening in Summer Controlled by the Precipitation Frequency Rather Than Its Total Over Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Liu Ying , Wu Chaoyang , Jassal Rachhpal S. , Wang Xiaoyue , Shang Rong
Published: August 2022

Land surface greening has substantially changed the carbon sequestration and hydrological processes over Tibetan Plateau (TP). Previous studies have revealed that the increased total precipitation (Ptotal) is the main driver of the enhanced peak growth in TP. However, the role of precipitation pattern, especially the frequency of precipitation (Pfreq, number of rainy days [>0.1 mm]), has not been well analyzed. We used time series of satellite‐derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to investigate the effect of Pfreq in controlling the peak growth (the maximum of the NDVI [NDVImax]) of different vegetation types in TP for the period of 1982–2015. We found that the widespread greening trend with Ptotal disappeared when Pfreq was introduced as a controlling variable, and that Pfreq alone contributed more than Ptotal to the increase of NDVImax. The underlying mechanism for the higher contribution of Pfreq than Ptotal to NDVImax is that increased Pfreq significantly improved soil moisture, reduced daytime temperature while increased nighttime temperature, thereby alleviating summer drought. Our results highlight the importance of Pfreq in interpreting the variation of peak growth, and these effects might be better represented in ecosystem models by considering Pfreq rather than Ptotal alone with future climate change.
Sign of Observed California Temperature Trends Depends on Data Set Homogenization: Implications for Weighting and Downscaling
Authors: Charn Alexander B. , O’Brien Travis A. , Risser Mark D. , Longmate Julia M. , Feldman Daniel R.
Published: August 2022

Because downscaling methods can yield substantially different projections of future climate, it is imperative to constrain these projections with information from existing observations, while also recognizing observational uncertainty. California is a natural test case to develop observational constraints on future projections given prior studies that have purportedly found contrasting spatial patterns in late‐20th‐century trends of summertime daily‐maximum temperature: cooling along the coast and warming inland. Revisiting this claim, we find that coastal cooling is largely confined to non‐homogenized temperature records while homogenized observations show either non‐significant cooling or warming trends throughout the state. This finding has implications for weighting historical and future climate simulations downscaled using localized constructed analogs. Failure to consider out‐of‐sample skill results in weighted and unweighted Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 temperature trend estimates differing by 2 K/century or more in California. However, weighted mean estimates that properly account for trend uncertainty do not differ significantly from the unweighted mean.
When Eastern India Oscillated Between Desert Versus Savannah‐Dominated Vegetation
Authors: Zorzi Coralie , Desprat Stéphanie , Clément Charlotte , Thirumalai Kaustubh , Oliviera Dulce , Anupama Krishnamurthy , Prasad Srinivasan , Martinez Philippe
Published: August 2022

During the last glacial period, the tropical hydrological cycle exhibited large variability across orbital and millennial timescales. However, the response of the Indian summer monsoon (ISM), its related impact on terrestrial ecosystems, and associated forcing mechanisms remain controversial. Here we present a marine record of pollen‐inferred vegetation changes suggesting that eastern India shifted from woody‐savanna mosaics during Marine Isotopic Stage 3 to grasslands during the Last Glacial Maximum resulting from large‐scale drying. Our data shows that ISM maximum is in phase with obliquity and precession maxima suggesting a dominant role of the Indian Ocean interhemispheric temperature gradient on glacial ISM variability. Persistent and abrupt dryland expansions of varying magnitude suggest rapid‐scale onset of aridity during Heinrich Stadial events and during the Toba eruption. We propose that the amplitude of ISM drought events are initiated by high latitude and volcanic forcings, although modulated by precession.
Spatiotemporal Controls on the Delivery of Dissolved Organic Matter to Streams Following a Wildfire
Authors: Roebuck Jesse Alan , Bladon Kevin D. , Donahue David , Graham Emily B. , Grieger Samantha , Morgenstern Karl , Norwood Matthew J. , Wampler Katie A. , Erkert Lisa , Renteria Lupita , Danczak Robert , Fricke Susan , Myers‐Pigg Allison N.
Published: August 2022

Warmer and drier climate has contributed to increased occurrence of large, high severity wildfires in the Pacific Northwest, drawing concerns for water quality and ecosystem recovery. While nutrient fluxes generally increase post‐fire, the composition of organic matter (OM) transported to streams immediately following a fire is poorly constrained, yet can play an integral role in downstream water quality and biogeochemistry. Here, we quantified the spatiotemporal patterns of dissolved OM (DOM) chemistry for five streams burned by wildfires in Oregon, USA in 2020. We sampled over a 24 hr storm event 1 month after the fire revealing DOM dynamics were temporally variable, but spatially linked with burn severity. Specifically, nitrogen and aromatic character of DOM increased in streams burned at greater severity. Our results suggest spatially distinct gradients of burn severity impact DOM dynamics immediately following fire activity and highlight a key gap in our knowledge of post‐fire DOM transport to streams.
The Entropic Braiding Index (eBI): A Robust Metric to Account for the Diversity of Channel Scales in Multi‐Thread Rivers
Authors: Tejedor Alejandro , Schwenk Jon , Kleinhans Maarten , Limaye Ajay B. , Vulis Lawrence , Carling Paul , Kantz Holger , Foufoula‐Georgiou Efi
Published: August 2022

The Braiding Index (BI), defined as the average count of intercepted channels per cross‐section, is a widely used metric for characterizing multi‐thread river systems. However, it does not account for the diversity of channels (e.g., in terms of water discharge) within different cross‐sections, omitting important information related to system complexity. Here we present a modification of BI, the Entropic Braiding Index (eBI), which augments the information content in BI by using Shannon Entropy to encode the diversity of channels in each cross section. eBI is interpreted as the number of “effective channels” per cross‐section, allowing a direct comparison with the traditional BI. We demonstrate the potential of the ratio BI/eBI to quantify channel disparity, differentiate types of multi‐thread systems (braided vs. anastomosed), and assess the effect of discharge variability, such as seasonal flooding, on river cross‐section stability.
Remote Observations of Aeolian Saltation
Authors: Cohn Nicholas , Dickhudt Patrick , Brodie Katherine
Published: August 2022

Field measurements of aeolian sediment transport during major storm events are challenging in coastal settings due to the common coincidence of high winds with elevated water levels that can cover beaches. This work demonstrates a new application of lidar to remotely measure properties of wind‐blown sand transport at high spatial resolution. A data set of spatially continuous saltation heights was remotely developed from rapid (7.1 Hz) lidar scanning along a two‐dimensional transect across a beach during wind speeds of between 3.1 and 15.8 m/s associated with the passing of Tropical Storm Isaias. Outputs from the lidar demonstrate the ability to remotely observe the threshold velocity for the initiation of motion for sand transport and show that the upper limit of the saltation layer rises with increasing wind speed.
The Structure and Microstructure of Rising‐Tone Chorus With Frequencies Crossing at f ∼ 0.5 fce
Authors: Chen Rui , Tsurutani Bruce T. , Gao Xinliang , Lu Quanming , Chen Huayue , Lakhina Gurbax S. , Hajra Rajkumar
Published: August 2022

Intense, midnight‐to‐dawn sector, near‐equatorial, chorus rising tones which cross frequencies of have been analyzed to determine their structures and possible substructures. Upper band () chorus and “gap” () chorus are examined in detail for the first time. It is found that upper band chorus and gap chorus are composed of the same structure as lower band () chorus: they are composed of short‐duration subelements, which are monochromatic with . These findings have strong implications for the chorus element generation mechanism. Following Kennel and Petschek (1966, https://doi.org/10.1029/JZ071i001p00001) the overall chorus riser is most likely generated by anisotropic ( > 1) ∼10–100 keV substorm‐injected electrons. Assuming cyclotron resonance, the upper band chorus is generated by the low energy portion of the electron spectrum. The often‐present gap at is related to Landau/cyclotron damping. This however is not the end of the story. There is another type of two‐frequency chorus (called Type 2) for which the lower band is not well connected to the upper band. A Type 2 chorus reported previously by Fu et al. (2014, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JA020364) has also been studied in detail. Both the lower band and upper band are composed of subelements which are monochromatic. Such a similar fine structure for the different type of chorus may imply a similar generation mechanism, for which the difference between them is just the energy range of resonant energetic electrons. One mechanism discussed here, generation by phase bunched electrons, will be tested in the near future.
The Interdecadal Change of the Relationship Between North Indian Ocean SST and Tropical North Atlantic SST
Authors: Yu Tiantian , Feng Juan , Chen Wen , Chen Shangfeng
Published: August 2022

The summertime North Indian Ocean (NIO) and tropical North Atlantic (TNA) sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies exert important impacts on atmospheric circulation and climate variation. Little attention is paid on the interdecadal change of NIO–TNA SST connection. This study reveals that the NIO–TNA SST relationship experiences an obvious interdecadal change around the early 2000s. The NIO and TNA SST correlation is positive and significant before the early 2000s, while this connection becomes weak and insignificant after that. This interdecadal change is closely associated with the changes in the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) intensity. During 1980–2001, strong ENSO forces a sustained SST warming in the southwest Indian Ocean, which further warms the summertime NIO via inducing antisymmetric circulation and reducing the upward surface latent heat flux. Meanwhile, strong ENSO forces a summertime TNA warming via arousing the Pacific North American (PNA) teleconnection. The PNA weakens the TNA trade winds, then reduces the upward surface heat flux and consequently warms the TNA. Thus, NIO and TNA SST connection is established via ENSO events during 1980–2001. In contrast, during 2002–2020, the summertime NIO SST anomaly is still related to ENSO. However, the connection between the TNA SST anomaly and ENSO is interrupted due to the weak ENSO intensity. Such weak ENSO yields a much weaker PNA teleconnection, which is inefficient to generate the TNA warming. Further analysis shows that the TNA warming during 2002–2020 is generated mainly by the negative North Atlantic Oscillation. Therefore, the connection between NIO and TNA SST anomalies collapses under the weak ENSO condition.
Missed ferroelectricity in methylammonium lead iodide
Authors: Tong Wen-Yi , Zhao Jin-Zhu , Ghosez Philippe
Published: August 2022

Methylammonium lead iodide, as related organometal halide perovskites, emerged recently as a particularly attractive material for photovoltaic applications. The origin of its appealing properties is sometimes assigned to its potential ferroelectric character, which remains however a topic of intense debate. Here, we rationalize from first-principles calculations how the spatial arrangement of methylammonium polar molecules is progressively constrained by the subtle interplay between their tendency to bond with the inorganic framework and the appearance of iodine octahedra rotations inherent to the perovskite structure. The disordered tetragonal phase observed at room temperature is paraelectric. We show that it should a priori become ferroelectric but that iodine octahedra rotations drive the system toward an antipolar orthorhombic ground state, making it a missed ferroelectric.
Experimental demonstration of optical stochastic cooling
Authors: Jarvis J. , Lebedev V. , Romanov A. , Broemmelsiek D. , Carlson K. , Chattopadhyay S. , Dick A. , Edstrom D. , Lobach I. , Nagaitsev S. , Piekarz H. , Piot P. , Ruan J. , Santucci J. , Stancari G. , Valishev A.
Published: August 2022

Particle accelerators and storage rings have been transformative instruments of discovery, and, for many applications, innovations in particle-beam cooling have been a principal driver of that success1. Stochastic cooling (SC), one of the most important conceptual and technological advances in this area2–6, cools a beam through granular sampling and correction of its phase-space structure, thus bearing resemblance to a ‘Maxwell’s demon’. The extension of SC from the microwave regime up to optical frequencies and bandwidths has long been pursued, as it could increase the achievable cooling rates by three to four orders of magnitude and provide a powerful tool for future accelerators. First proposed nearly 30 years ago, optical stochastic cooling (OSC) replaces the conventional microwave elements of SC with optical-frequency analogues and is, in principle, compatible with any species of charged-particle beam7,8. Here we describe a demonstration of OSC in a proof-of-principle experiment at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory’s Integrable Optics Test Accelerator9,10. The experiment used 100-MeV electrons and a non-amplified configuration of OSC with a radiation wavelength of 950 nm, and achieved strong, simultaneous cooling of the beam in all degrees of freedom. This realization of SC at optical frequencies serves as a foundation for more advanced experiments with high-gain optical amplification, and advances opportunities for future operational OSC systems with potential benefit to a broad user community in the accelerator-based sciences.
Sufficient conditions for rapid range expansion of a boreal conifer
Authors: Dial Roman J. , Maher Colin T. , Hewitt Rebecca E. , Sullivan Patrick F.
Published: August 2022

Unprecedented modern rates of warming are expected to advance boreal forest into Arctic tundra1, thereby reducing albedo2–4, altering carbon cycling4and further changing climate1–4, yet the patterns and processes of this biome shift remain unclear5. Climate warming, required for previous boreal advances6–17, is not sufficient by itself for modern range expansion of conifers forming forest–tundra ecotones5,12–15,17–20. No high-latitude population of conifers, the dominant North American Arctic treeline taxon, has previously been documented5advancing at rates following the last glacial maximum (LGM)6–8. Here we describe a population of white spruce (Picea glauca) advancing at post-LGM rates7across an Arctic basin distant from established treelines and provide evidence of mechanisms sustaining the advance. The population doubles each decade, with exponential radial growth in the main stems of individual trees correlating positively with July air temperature. Lateral branches in adults and terminal leaders in large juveniles grow almost twice as fast as those at established treelines. We conclude that surpassing temperature thresholds1,6–17, together with winter winds facilitating long-distance dispersal, deeper snowpack and increased soil nutrient availability promoting recruitment and growth, provides sufficient conditions for boreal forest advance. These observations enable forecast modelling with important insights into the environmental conditions converting tundra into forest.
Global dataset of species-specific inland recreational fisheries harvest for consumption
Authors: Embke Holly S. , Nyboer Elizabeth A. , Robertson Ashley M. , Arlinghaus Robert , Akintola Shehu L. , Atessahin Tuncay , Badr Laamiri Mohamed , Baigun Claudio , Basher Zeenatul , Beard T. Douglas , Boros Gergely , Bower Shannon D. , Cooke Steven J. , Cowx Ian G. , Franco Adolfo , Gaspar-Dillanes Ma. Teresa , Granada Vladimir Puentes , Hart Robert John , Heinsohn Carlos R. , Jalabert Vincent , Kapusta Andrzej , Krajč Tibor , Koehn John D. , Lopes Gonçalo , Lyach Roman , Magqina Terence , Milardi Marco , Nattabi Juliet , Nyaboke Hilda , Phang Sui , Potts Warren M. , Ribeiro Filipe , Mercado-Silva Norman , Sreenivasan Naren , Thorpe Andy , Treer Tomislav , Ustups Didzis , Weyl Olaf L. F. , Wood Louisa E. , Zengin Mustafa , Lynch Abigail J.
Published: August 2022

Inland recreational fisheries, found in lakes, rivers, and other landlocked waters, are important to livelihoods, nutrition, leisure, and other societal ecosystem services worldwide. Although recreationally-caught fish are frequently harvested and consumed by fishers, their contribution to food and nutrition has not been adequately quantified due to lack of data, poor monitoring, and under-reporting, especially in developing countries. Beyond limited global harvest estimates, few have explored species-specific harvest patterns, although this variability has implications for fisheries management and food security. Given the continued growth of the recreational fishery sector, understanding inland recreational fish harvest and consumption rates represents a critical knowledge gap. Based on a comprehensive literature search and expert knowledge review, we quantified multiple aspects of global inland recreational fisheries for 81 countries spanning ~192 species. For each country, we assembled recreational fishing participation rate and estimated species-specific harvest and consumption rate. This dataset provides a foundation for future assessments, including understanding nutritional and economic contributions of inland recreational fisheries.
Intelligent yield estimation for tomato crop using SegNet with VGG19 architecture
Authors: Maheswari Prabhakar , Raja Purushothamman , Hoang Vinh Truong
Published: August 2022

Yield estimation (YE) of the crop is one of the main tasks in fruit management and marketing. Based on the results of YE, the farmers can make a better decision on the harvesting period, prevention strategies for crop disease, subsequent follow-up for cultivation practice, etc. In the current scenario, crop YE is performed manually, which has many limitations such as the requirement of experts for the bigger fields, subjective decisions and a more time-consuming process. To overcome these issues, an intelligent YE system was proposed which detects, localizes and counts the number of tomatoes in the field using SegNet with VGG19 (a deep learning-based semantic segmentation architecture). The dataset of 672 images was given as an input to the SegNet with VGG19 architecture for training. It extracts features corresponding to the tomato in each layer and detection was performed based on the feature score. The results were compared against the other semantic segmentation architectures such as U-Net and SegNet with VGG16. The proposed method performed better and unveiled reasonable results. For testing the trained model, a case study was conducted in the real tomato field at Manapparai village, Trichy, India. The proposed method portrayed the test precision, recall and F1-score values of 89.7%, 72.55% and 80.22%, respectively along with reasonable localization capability for tomatoes.