bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mapping Crustal Shear Wave Velocity Structure and Radial Anisotropy Beneath West Antarctica Using Seismic Ambient Noise
Authors: O'Donnell J. P. , Brisbourne A. M. , Stuart G. W. , Dunham C. K. , Yang Y. , Nield G. A. , Whitehouse P. L. , Nyblade A. A. , Wiens D. A. , Anandakrishnan S. , Aster R. C. , Huerta A. D. , Lloyd A. J. , Wilson T. , Winberry J. P.
Published: October 2019

Using 8‐ to 25‐s‐period Rayleigh and Love wave phase velocity dispersion data extracted from seismic ambient noise, we (i) model the 3‐D shear wave velocity structure of the West Antarctic crust and (ii) map variations in crustal radial anisotropy. Enhanced regional resolution is offered by the UK Antarctic Seismic Network. In the West Antarctic Rift System (WARS), a ridge of crust ∼26–30 km thick extending south from Marie Byrd Land separates domains of more extended crust (∼22 km thick) in the Ross and Amundsen Sea Embayments, suggesting along‐strike variability in the Cenozoic evolution of the WARS. The southern margin of the WARS is defined along the southern Transantarctic Mountains and Haag‐Ellsworth Whitmore Mountains (HEW) block by a sharp crustal thickness gradient. Crust ∼35–40 km is modeled beneath the Haag Nunataks‐Ellsworth Mountains, decreasing to ∼30–32 km thick beneath the Whitmore Mountains, reflecting distinct structural domains within the composite HEW block. Our analysis suggests that the lower crust and potentially the middle crust is positively radially anisotropic (VSH>VSV) across West Antarctica. The strongest anisotropic signature is observed in the HEW block, emphasizing its unique provenance among West Antarctica's crustal units, and conceivably reflects a ∼13‐km‐thick metasedimentary succession atop Precambrian metamorphic basement. Positive radial anisotropy in the WARS crust is consistent with observations in extensional settings and likely reflects the lattice‐preferred orientation of minerals such as mica and amphibole by extensional deformation. Our observations support a contention that anisotropy may be ubiquitous in the continental crust.
Distinct Permafrost Conditions Across the Last Two Glacial Periods in Midlatitude North America
Authors: Batchelor Cameron J. , Orland Ian J. , Marcott Shaun A. , Slaughter Richard , Edwards R. Lawrence , Zhang Pu , Li Xianglei , Cheng Hai
Published: October 2019

During past glacial periods, extensive areas of North America were covered by permafrost. The timing and extent of these paleo‐permafrost conditions, however, remains ambiguous. Here we present a 250,000‐year record of speleothem growth from a midlatitude North American cave and report 141 U‐Th ages with hiatuses in growth that reflect the development of temporally continuous permafrost. Combined with U‐Th ages from other speleothem studies, we demonstrate that regional permafrost conditions occurred during both of the prior two glacial maxima but were markedly shorter in duration during the penultimate (Marine Isotope Stage 6, MIS 6) versus the last (MIS 2) glacial period. Notably, a network of sea surface temperatures indicates that mid‐ and low‐latitude temperatures were 0.9 °C ± 0.2 °C warmer during the culmination of MIS 6 versus MIS 2. Our results illustrate the importance of developing regional paleo‐permafrost records and highlight the sensitivity of permafrost conditions during glacial periods to relatively small differences in global‐scale temperature.
Effects of Model Resolution, Physics, and Coupling on Southern Hemisphere Storm Tracks in CESM1.3
Authors: Meehl Gerald A. , Yang Dongxia , Arblaster Julie M. , Bates Susan C. , Rosenbloom Nan , Neale Richard , Bacmeister Julio , Lauritzen Peter H. , Bryan Frank , Small Justin , Truesdale John , Hannay Cecile , Shields Christine , Strand Warren G. , Dennis John , Danabasoglu Gokhan
Published: October 2019

Two high‐resolution versions of a Coupled Earth System Model (CESM1.3: 0.25° atmosphere, 1° ocean; CESM1.1: 0.25° atmosphere, 0.1° ocean) are compared to the standard resolution CESM1.1 and CESM1.3 (1° atmosphere, 1° ocean). The CESM1.3 versions are documented, and the consequences of model resolution, air‐sea coupling, and physics in the atmospheric models are studied with regard to storm tracks in the Southern Hemisphere as represented by 850‐hPa eddy kinetic energy. Increasing the resolution from 1° to 0.25° in the atmosphere (same physics) coupled to the 1° ocean intensifies the strength of the storm tracks closer to observations. The 0.25° atmosphere with the older CESM1.1 physics coupled to the 0.1° ocean has fewer low clouds, warmer Southern Ocean sea surface temperatures, a weaker meridional temperature gradient, and a degraded storm track simulation compared to the 0.25° atmosphere with CESM1.3 physics coupled to the 1° ocean. Therefore, deficient physics in the atmospheric model can negate the gains attained by higher resolution in atmosphere and ocean.
Methane Hydrate Film Thickening in Porous Media
Authors: Lei Liang , Seol Yongkoo , Myshakin Evgeniy M.
Published: October 2019

Methane hydrate formation accompanied by upward migration of methane in sediments was studied. Methane hydrate film forms initially along the interface between the gas and surrounding pore fluid when methane reaches the hydrate stability zone. Subsequent film thickening and related mass transfer are critical but have not been studied previously. Experimental and theoretical studies were performed to investigate the film thickening and rate‐limiting mechanisms. Initial gas density affects the stability of the growing hydrate film, and mass transfer through hydrate film is proposed as a rate‐limiting step for hydrate growth.
Laboratory Experiments on Internal Solitary Waves in Ice‐Covered Waters
Authors: Carr Magda , Sutherland Peter , Haase Andrea , Evers Karl‐Ulrich , Fer Ilker , Jensen Atle , Kalisch Henrik , Berntsen Jarle , Părău Emilian , Thiem Øyvind , Davies Peter A.
Published: October 2019

Internal solitary waves (ISWs) propagating in a stably stratified two‐layer fluid in which the upper boundary condition changes from open water to ice are studied for grease, level, and nilas ice. The ISW‐induced current at the surface is capable of transporting the ice in the horizontal direction. In the level ice case, the transport speed of, relatively long ice floes, nondimensionalized by the wave speed is linearly dependent on the length of the ice floe nondimensionalized by the wave length. Measures of turbulent kinetic energy dissipation under the ice are comparable to those at the wave density interface. Moreover, in cases where the ice floe protrudes into the pycnocline, interaction with the ice edge can cause the ISW to break or even be destroyed by the process. The results suggest that interaction between ISWs and sea ice may be an important mechanism for dissipation of ISW energy in the Arctic Ocean.
Toroidal Mantle Flow Induced by Slab Subduction and Rollback Beneath the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis and Adjacent Areas
Authors: Liu Lin , Gao Stephen S. , Liu Kelly H. , Li Sanzhong , Tong Siyou , Kong Fansheng
Published: October 2019

A total of 431 well‐defined and 632 null shear–wave splitting measurements obtained from 115 broadband seismic stations located in the eastern Himalayan syntaxis and adjacent areas is largely inconsistent with predicted fast orientations by absolute plate motion models. Spatial coherency analysis of the splitting parameters suggests that the observed azimuthal anisotropy is mostly located in the upper asthenosphere or the transitional layer between the lithosphere and asthenosphere, and the disagreement between the fast orientations and regional tectonic fabrics suggests an insignificant lithospheric contribution to the observed anisotropy. The observations may be attributed to flow systems that are driven by the westward rollback of the Indian slab beneath the Indo‐Burma block and are modulated by a previously revealed gap between the northward and eastward subducting slabs of the Indian plate.
The Structure of Planetary Period Oscillations in Saturn's Equatorial Magnetosphere: Results From the Cassini Mission
Authors: Andrews D. J. , Cowley S. W. H. , Provan G. , Hunt G. J. , Hadid L. Z. , Morooka M. W. , Wahlund J.‐E.
Published: October 2019

Saturn's magnetospheric magnetic field, planetary radio emissions, plasma populations, and magnetospheric structure are all known to be modulated at periods close to the assumed rotation period of the planetary interior. These oscillations are readily apparent despite the high degree of axisymmetry in the internally produced magnetic field of the planet and have different rotation periods in the northern and southern hemispheres. In this paper we study the spatial structure of (near‐)planetary period magnetic field oscillations in Saturn's equatorial magnetosphere. Extending previous analyses of these phenomena, we include all suitable data from the entire Cassini mission during its orbital tour of the planet so as to be able to quantify both the amplitude and phase of these field oscillations throughout Saturn's equatorial plane, to distances of 30 planetary radii. We study the structure of these field oscillations in view of both independently rotating northern and southern systems, finding spatial variations in both magnetic fields and inferred currents flowing north‐south that are common to both systems. With the greatly expanded coverage of the equatorial plane achieved during the latter years of the mission, we are able to present a complete survey of dawn‐dusk and day‐night asymmetries in the structure of the oscillating fields and currents. We show that the general structure of the rotating currents is simpler than previously reported and that the relatively enhanced nightside equatorial fields and currents are due in part to related periodic vertical motion of Saturn's magnetotail current sheet.
Contribution of Bursty Bulk Flows to the Global Dipolarization of the Magnetotail During an Isolated Substorm
Authors: Merkin V. G. , Panov E. V. , Sorathia K. A. , Ukhorskiy A. Y.
Published: October 2019

This paper addresses the question of the contribution of azimuthally localized flow channels and magnetic field dipolarizations embedded in them in the global dipolarization of the inner magnetosphere during substorms. We employ the high‐resolution Lyon‐Fedder‐Mobarry global magnetosphere magnetohydrodynamic model and simulate an isolated substorm event, which was observed by the geostationary satellites and by the Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft. The results of our simulations reveal that plasma sheet flow channels (bursty bulk flows, BBFs) and elementary dipolarizations (dipolarization fronts, DFs) occur in the growth phase of the substorm but are rare and do not penetrate to the geosynchronous orbit. The substorm onset is characterized by an abrupt increase in the occurrence and intensity of BBFs/DFs, which penetrate well earthward of the geosynchronous orbit during the expansion phase. These azimuthally localized structures are solely responsible for the global (in terms of the magnetic local time) dipolarization of the inner magnetosphere toward the end of the substorm expansion. Comparison with the geostationary satellites and Magnetospheric Multiscale data shows that the properties of the BBFs/DFs in the simulation are similar to those observed, which gives credence to the above results. Additionally, the simulation reveals many previously observed signatures of BBFs and DFs, including overshoots and oscillations around their equilibrium position, strong rebounds and vortical tailward flows, and the corresponding plasma sheet expansion and thinning.
Electromagnetic Field in the Upper Ionosphere From ELF Ground‐Based Transmitter
Authors: Pilipenko V. A. , Parrot M. , Fedorov E. N. , Mazur N. G.
Published: October 2019

The feasibility of detection of electromagnetic response in the upper ionosphere to ground large‐scale extremely low frequency (ELF) transmitters (e.g., submarine communication systems) by low‐orbiting satellites is discussed. Several times when the DEMETER satellite (660 km) was in the vicinity of the ELF transmitter on the Kola Peninsula, the electric and magnetic sensors operating in a burst mode detected a narrowband 82‐Hz emission. The same emission associated with the ELF transmitter was observed by a ground‐based magnetometer. We modeled the rate of the ELF wave energy leakage into the upper ionosphere from an oscillating 82‐Hz linear current with an infinite length suspended above a high‐resistive ground. A realistic altitudinal profile of the plasma parameters has been reconstructed with the use of the IRI ionospheric model. The modeled amplitudes and polarization of electromagnetic response of the upper ionosphere are in reasonable agreement with the properties of emission recorded by the satellite.
The Effects of Phosphorus Cycle Dynamics on Carbon Sources and Sinks in the Amazon Region: A Modeling Study Using ELM v1
Authors: Yang Xiaojuan , Ricciuto Daniel M. , Thornton Peter E. , Shi Xiaoying , Xu Min , Hoffman Forrest , Norby Richard J.
Published: October 2019

Tropical forests play a crucial role in the global carbon cycle, accounting for one third of the global net primary productivity and containing about 25% of global vegetation biomass and soil carbon. This is particularly true for tropical forests in the Amazon region, as these comprise approximately 50% of the world's tropical forests. It is therefore important for us to understand and represent the processes that determine the fluxes and storage of carbon in these forests. In this study, we show that the implementation of phosphorus (P) cycle and P limitation in the version 1 of the Energy Exascale Earth System Model land model (ELM v1) improves simulated spatial pattern of wood productivity. The P‐enabled ELM v1 is able to capture the declining west‐to‐east gradient of productivity, consistent with field observations. We also show that by improving the representation of mortality processes using soils data, ELMv1 is able to reproduce the observed spatial pattern of above ground biomass. Our model simulations show that the consideration of P availability leads to a smaller carbon sink associated with CO2 fertilization effect and lower carbon emissions due to land use and land cover change. Our simulations suggest P limitation would significantly reduce the carbon sink associated with CO2 fertilization effects through the 21st century. We conclude that P cycle dynamics affect both sources and sinks of carbon in the Amazon region, and the effects of P limitation would become increasingly important as CO2 increases. Therefore, P limitation must be considered for projecting future carbon dynamics in tropical ecosystems.
An Evaluation of the Frequency Independence Assumption of Power System Coefficients Used in Geomagnetically Induced Current Estimates
Authors: Weigel R. S. , Cilliers P. J.
Published: October 2019

A common assumption used when estimating geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) in a power system given a time series of nearby direct measurements or indirect estimates of the horizontal geoelectric field components Ex(t) and Ey(t) on Earth's surface is that the system is resistive. That is, the approximation GIC(t)=aoEx(t)+boEy(t) (Model 1) is used, where ao and bo are frequency‐independent power system coefficients. A first test of this assumption is made using GIC measurements in a 187 kV transformer connected to a ∼100 km power line in Memanbetsu, Japan and geoelectric field measurements made at the Memanbetsu Magnetic Observatory ∼9 km away. A second model (Model 2) is obtained using a frequency domain generalization of Model 1: GIC(ω)=a(ω)Ex(ω)+b(ω)Ey(ω). The coefficients a(ω) and b(ω) are shown to be frequency‐dependent, and this model provides significantly better estimates of the measured GIC than Model 1. Based on results using a simulated geoelectric field, it is suggested that the measurement‐derived frequency dependence of the system coefficients may be explained by spatial variations in the spectrum of the geoelectric field over the spatial extent of the power system. It is also shown that further improvements over Model 2 can be made using frequency‐dependent models with the geomagnetic field as an input.
High levels of Daxx due to low cellular levels of HSP25 in murine cancer cells result in inefficient adenovirus replication
Authors: Han Zhezhu , Joo Yeonsoo , Lee Jihyun , Ko Suwan , Xu Rong , Oh Geun-Hyeok , Choi Soojin , Hong Jeong A. , Choi Hye Jin , Song Jae J.
Published: October 2019

When the adenoviral protein E1B55K binds death domain-associated protein (Daxx), the proteasome-dependent degradation of Daxx is initiated, and adenoviral replication is effectively maintained. Here, we show that the cellular levels of Daxx differ between human and mouse cancer cell lines. Specifically, we observed higher cellular Daxx levels and the diminished replication of oncolytic adenovirus in mouse cancer cell lines, suggesting that cellular Daxx levels limit the replication of oncolytic adenoviruses that lack E1B55K in murine cells. Indeed, the replication of oncolytic adenoviruses that lack E1B55K was significantly increased following infection with oncolytic adenovirus expressing Daxx-specific shRNA. Cellular Daxx levels were decreased in mouse cells expressing heat shock protein 25 (HSP25; homolog of human HSP27) following heat shock or stable transfection with HSP25-bearing plasmids. Furthermore, Daxx expression in murine cell lines was primarily regulated at the transcriptional level via HSP25-mediated inhibition of the nuclear translocation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (stat3) protein, which typically upregulates Daxx transcription. Conversely, human HSP27 enhanced stat3 activity to increase Daxx transcription. Interestingly, human Daxx, but not mouse Daxx, was degraded as normal by ubiquitin-dependent lysosomal degradation; however, HSP27 downregulation induced the ubiquitin-independent proteasomal degradation of Daxx.
Scale-invariant magnetic textures in the strongly correlated oxide NdNiO3
Authors: Li Jiarui , Pelliciari Jonathan , Mazzoli Claudio , Catalano Sara , Simmons Forrest , Sadowski Jerzy T. , Levitan Abraham , Gibert Marta , Carlson Erica , Triscone Jean-Marc , Wilkins Stuart , Comin Riccardo
Published: October 2019

Strongly correlated quantum solids are characterized by an inherently granular electronic fabric, with spatial patterns that can span multiple length scales in proximity to a critical point. Here, we use a resonant magnetic X-ray scattering nanoprobe with sub-100 nm spatial resolution to directly visualize the texture of antiferromagnetic domains in NdNiO3. Surprisingly, our measurements reveal a highly textured magnetic fabric, which we show to be robust and nonvolatile even after thermal erasure across its ordering temperature. The scale-free distribution of antiferromagnetic domains and its non-integral dimensionality point to a hitherto-unobserved magnetic fractal geometry in this system. These scale-invariant textures directly reflect the continuous nature of the magnetic transition and the proximity of this system to a critical point. The present study not only exposes the near-critical behavior in rare earth nickelates but also underscores the potential for X-ray scattering nanoprobes to image the multiscale signatures of criticality near a critical point.
What has changed in the outbreaking populations of the severe crop pest whitefly species in cassava in two decades?
Authors: Ally Hadija M. , Hamss Hajar El , Simiand Christophe , Maruthi M. N. , Colvin John , Omongo Christopher A. , Delatte Helene
Published: October 2019

High populations of African cassava whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) have been associated with epidemics of two viral diseases in Eastern Africa. We investigated population dynamics and genetic patterns by comparing whiteflies collected on cassava in 1997, during the first whitefly upsurges in Uganda, with collections made in 2017 from the same locations. Nuclear markers and mtCOI barcoding sequences were used on 662 samples. The composition of the SSA1 population changed significantly over the 20-year period with the SSA1-SG2 percentage increasing from 0.9 to 48.6%. SSA1-SG1 and SSA1-SG2 clearly interbreed, confirming that they are a single biological species called SSA1. The whitefly species composition changed: in 1997, SSA1, SSA2 and B. afer were present; in 2017, no SSA2 was found. These data and those of other publications do not support the ‘invader’ hypothesis. Our evidence shows that no new species or new population were found in 20 years, instead, the distribution of already present genetic clusters composing SSA1 species have changed over time and that this may be in response to several factors including the introduction of new cassava varieties or climate changes. The practical implications are that cassava genotypes possessing both whitefly and disease resistances are needed urgently.
Wire-like Pt on mesoporous Ti0.7W0.3O2 Nanomaterial with Compelling Electro-Activity for Effective Alcohol Electro-Oxidation
Authors: Pham Hau Quoc , Huynh Tai Thien , Mai Anh Tram Ngoc , Ngo Thang Manh , Bach Long Giang , Ho Van Thi Thanh
Published: October 2019

Finding out robust active and sustainable catalyst towards alcohol electro-oxidation reaction is major challenges for large-scale commercialization of direct alcohol fuel cells. Herein, a robust Pt nanowires (NWs)/Ti0.7W0.3O2 electrocatalyst, as the coherency of using non-carbon catalyst support and controlling the morphology and structure of the Pt nanocatalyst, was fabricated via an effortless chemical reduction reaction approach at room temperature without using surfactant/stabilizers or template to assemble an anodic electrocatalyst towards methanol electro-oxidation reaction (MOR) and ethanol electro-oxidation reaction (EOR). These observational results demonstrated that the Pt NWs/Ti0.7W0.3O2 electrocatalyst is an intriguing anodic electrocatalyst, which can alter the state-of-the-art Pt NPs/C catalyst. Compared with the conventional Pt NPs/C electrocatalyst, the Pt NWs/Ti0.7W0.3O2 electrocatalyst exhibited the lower onset potential (~0.1 V for MOR and ~0.2 for EOR), higher mass activity (~355.29 mA/mgPt for MOR and ~325.01 mA/mgPt for EOR) and much greater durability. The outperformance of the Pt NWs/Ti0.7W0.3O2 electrocatalyst is ascribable to the merits of the anisotropic one-dimensional Pt nanostructure and the mesoporous Ti0.7W0.3O2 support along with the synergistic effects between the Ti0.7W0.3O2 support and the Pt nanocatalyst. Furthermore, this approach may provide a promising catalytic platform for fuel cell technology and a variety of applications.
The effects of fine and coarse particulate matter on lung function among the elderly
Authors: Chen Chi-Hsien , Wu Chih-Da , Chiang Hung-Che , Chu Dachen , Lee Kang-Yun , Lin Wen-Yi , Yeh Jih-I , Tsai Kun-Wei , Guo Yue-Liang Leon
Published: October 2019

Impaired lung function is associated with morbidity and mortality in the elderly. However, there is a paucity of data regarding the long-term effects of particulate matter (PM) on lung function among the elderly. This study evaluated the exposure-response relationship between ambient PM and different lung function indices among the elderly in Taiwan. A cross-sectional survey of individuals aged ≥65 years was conducted in Taiwan from October 2015 to September 2016. Those who attended the annual health examination for the elderly in five hospitals of varying background PM concentrations were enrolled. The long-term (2015 annual mean concentration) exposure to air pollution was estimated by the Kriging method at the residence of each subject. The association between ambient PM exposure and lung function was evaluated by linear regression modeling, with adjustments for age, sex, height, weight, educational attainment, presence of asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, smoking status, season, and co-pollutants. There were 1241 subjects (mean age, 70.5 years). The mean residential PM2.5 and PM2.5–10 in 2015 was 26.02 and 18.01 μg/m3, respectively. After adjustments for confounders and co-pollutants, the FVC decrease was best associated with fine particles (PM2.5), whereas the FEV1, FEF25–75%, FEF25% and FEF50% decreases were best associated with coarse particles (PM2.5–10). An IQR (10 μg/m3) increase in PM2.5 decreased FVC by 106.38 ml (4.47%), while an IQR (7.29 μg/m3) increase in PM2.5–10 decreased FEV1 and FEF25–75% by 91.23 ml (4.85%) and 104.44 ml/s (5.58%), respectively. Among the Taiwanese elderly, long-term PM2.5 exposure mainly decreases the vital capacity of lung function. Moreover, PM2.5–10 has a stronger negative effect on the function of conductive airways than PM2.5.
Complete mitochondrial genomes from transcriptomes: assessing pros and cons of data mining for assembling new mitogenomes
Authors: Forni Giobbe , Puccio Guglielmo , Bourguignon Thomas , Evans Theodore , Mantovani Barbara , Rota-Stabelli Omar , Luchetti Andrea
Published: October 2019

Thousands of eukaryotes transcriptomes have been generated, mainly to investigate nuclear genes expression, and the amount of available data is constantly increasing. A neglected but promising use of this large amount of data is to assemble organelle genomes. To assess the reliability of this approach, we attempted to reconstruct complete mitochondrial genomes from RNA-Seq experiments ofReticulitermestermite species, for which transcriptomes and conspecific mitogenomes are available. We successfully assembled complete molecules, although a few gaps corresponding to tRNAs had to be filled manually. We also reconstructed, for the first time, the mitogenome ofReticulitermes banyulensis. The accuracy and completeness of mitogenomes reconstruction appeared independent from transcriptome size, read length and sequencing design (single/paired end), and using reference genomes from congeneric or intra-familial taxa did not significantly affect the assembly. Transcriptome-derived mitogenomes were found highly similar to the conspecific ones obtained from genome sequencing (nucleotide divergence ranging from 0% to 3.5%) and yielded a congruent phylogenetic tree. Reads from contaminants and nuclear transcripts, although slowing down the process, did not result in chimeric sequence reconstruction. We suggest that the described approach has the potential to increase the number of available mitogenomes by exploiting the rapidly increasing number of transcriptomes.
Weakly bound molecules as sensors of new gravitylike forces
Authors: Borkowski Mateusz , Buchachenko Alexei A. , Ciuryło Roman , Julienne Paul S. , Yamada Hirotaka , Kikuchi Yuu , Takasu Yosuke , Takahashi Yoshiro
Published: October 2019

Several extensions to the Standard Model of particle physics, including light dark matter candidates and unification theories predict deviations from Newton’s law of gravitation. For macroscopic distances, the inverse-square law of gravitation is well confirmed by astrophysical observations and laboratory experiments. At micrometer and shorter length scales, however, even the state-of-the-art constraints on deviations from gravitational interaction, whether provided by neutron scattering or precise measurements of forces between macroscopic bodies, are currently many orders of magnitude larger than gravity itself. Here we show that precision spectroscopy of weakly bound molecules can be used to constrain non-Newtonian interactions between atoms. A proof-of-principle demonstration using recent data from photoassociation spectroscopy of weakly bound Yb2 molecules yields constraints on these new interactions that are already close to state-of-the-art neutron scattering experiments. At the same time, with the development of the recently proposed optical molecular clocks, the neutron scattering constraints could be surpassed by at least two orders of magnitude.
Short-term effects of Vertical sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass on glucose homeostasis
Authors: Gudbrandsen Oddrun Anita , Dankel Simon Nitter , Skumsnes Lillian , Flølo Tone Nygaard , Folkestad Oddry Henriette , Nielsen Hans Jørgen , Våge Villy , Mohn Arne Christian , Nedrebø Bjørn Gunnar , Sagen Jørn V. , Fernø Johan , Mellgren Gunnar
Published: October 2019

The objective of this study was to compare the biochemical changes related to glucose tolerance and lipid metabolism in non-diabetic patients shortly after vertical sleeve gastrectomy (SG) or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Non-diabetic women and men with morbid obesity were studied the day before and six days after SG (N = 15) or RYGB (N = 16). Patients completed an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT; 75 g glucose) at both visits. SG and RYGB similarly improved fasting glucose homeostasis six days after surgery, with reduced glucose and insulin concentrations. The OGTT revealed differences between the two surgery groups that were not evident from the fasting serum concentrations. Postprandial (120 min) glucose and insulin concentrations were lower after RYGB but not after SG, whereas concentrations of glucagon-like peptide-1, peptide YY, glucagon and non-esterified fatty acids were elevated after both SG and RYGB. Fasting triacylglycerol concentration did not change after surgery, but concentrations of high density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein cholesterols were reduced in both surgery groups, with no differences between the groups. To conclude, RYGB induced a more pronounced improvement in postprandial glucose homeostasis relative to SG, possibly due to improved insulin sensitivity rather than augmented insulin concentration.
Tough and Functional Cross-linked Bioplastics from Sheep Wool Keratin
Authors: Fernández-d’Arlas Borja
Published: October 2019

Novel bioplastic films derived from wool keratins were prepared by protein solution in an alkaline mild oxidative method that splits disulphide (-S-S-) bonds. The native structure of the keratin macromolecules was partially modified upon extraction as revealed by the decrease of the β-sheet to α-helices/coils ratio but high molecular weight fractions (31, 22 and 13 KDa) was retained permitting film formation and plastic behaviour of films. Keratin films were plasticised with glycerol and sodium dodecyl sulphonic acid (SDS), which provided different hydrophobic character to bioplastics. Water content in the films depend on the relative humidity (RH), being able to absorb up to 35 wt% H2O at an ambient of 80% RH. Films were mechanically, thermally and optically analysed. The spectroscopic analyses revelled that these bioplastic films absorb UV light, what is interesting for packaging applications. Thermogravimetric and thermomechanical analysis revealed high stability of keratin macromolecules up to 200 °C with no inherent thermal transitions. Tough bioplastics (19 ± 4 MJ∙ m−3) were obtained after thermal cross-linking with glycerol and formaldehyde outperforming mechanical properties previously reported for protein films.
Time-dependent vibrational sum-frequency generation spectroscopy of the air-water interface
Authors: Ojha Deepak , Kaliannan Naveen Kumar , Kühne Thomas D.
Published: October 2019

Vibrational sum-frequency generation spectroscopy is a powerful method to study the microscopic structure and dynamics of interfacial systems. Here we demonstrate a simple computational approach to calculate the time-dependent, frequency-resolved vibrational sum-frequency generation spectrum (TD-vSFG) of the air-water interface. Using this approach, we show that at the air-water interface, the transition of water molecules with bonded OH modes to free OH modes occurs at a time scale of $$\sim$$
~
3 ps, whereas water molecules with free OH modes rapidly make a transition to a hydrogen-bonded state within $$\sim$$
~
2 ps. Furthermore, we also elucidate the origin of the observed differential dynamics based on the time-dependent evolution of water molecules in the different local solvent environments.
Porous ZnO modified silk sutures with dual light defined antibacterial, healing promotion and controlled self-degradation capabilities
Authors: Cao Fei , Zeng Bin , Zhu Yanglong , Yu Fen , Wang Manyu , Song Xiangwei , Cheng Xinyan , Chen Liming , Wang Xiaolei
Published: October 2019

Current sutures have disadvantages such as poor antibacterial activities, low healing effects, and a lack of self-degradation ability.
Synthesis, structures and cytotoxic effects in vitro of cis- and trans-[PtIVCl4(NHC)2] complexes and their PtII precursors
Authors: Rehm Tobias , Rothemund Matthias , Dietel Thomas , Kempe Rhett , Schobert Rainer
Published: October 2019

PhICl2 oxidises cis-/trans-[PtIICl2(NHC)2] complexes to stable, cancer-selective, cytotoxic cis-/trans-[PtIVCl4(NHC)2] complexes while H2O2 or NaOCl give [PtIVCl4−n(OH)n(NHC)2] complexes that decompose.
A water-stable zinc(ii)–organic framework as a multiresponsive luminescent sensor for toxic heavy metal cations, oxyanions and organochlorine pesticides in aqueous solution
Authors: Wang Xiao-Qing , Feng Dou-Dou , Tang Jing , Zhao Yu-Di , Li Jun , Yang Jie , Kim Chan Kyung , Su Feng
Published: October 2019

A water-stable metal–organic framework exhibits multiresponsive fluorescence sensing for Fe(iii), Cr(iii/vi), and Mn(vii) ions and the organochlorine pesticide 2,6-Dich-4-NA in aqueous solution.
Correction: Multi-color electrochromism from coordination nanosheets based on a terpyridine-Fe(ii) complex
Authors: Kuai Yu , Li Weijun , Dong Yujie , Wong Wai-Yeung , Yan Shuanma , Dai Yuyu , Zhang Cheng
Published: October 2019

Correction for ‘Multi-color electrochromism from coordination nanosheets based on a terpyridine-Fe(ii) complex’ by Yu Kuai et al., Dalton Trans., 2019, DOI: 10.1039/c9dt02980j.
Effect of supplementation of nicotinamide and sodium butyrate on the growth performance, liver mitochondrial function and gut microbiota of broilers at high stocking density
Authors: Wu Yuqin , Wang Youli , Yin Dafei , Wu Wei , Sun Xiaoying , Zhang Yuqing , Guo Xiaorui , Chen Jing , Yuan Jianmin
Published: October 2019

Dietary supplemental with nicotinamide and butyrate sodium improve mitochondrial function, antioxidant capacity, and gut microbiota.
Aerosol synthesis of thermally stable porous noble metals and alloys by using bi-functional templates
Authors: Odziomek Mateusz , Bahri Mounib , Boissiere Cedric , Sanchez Clement , Lassalle-Kaiser Benedikt , Zitolo Andrea , Ersen Ovidiu , Nowak Sophie , Tard Cedric , Giraud Marion , Faustini Marco , Peron Jennifer
Published: October 2019

Porous noble metal nanostructures providing high surface areas and large pore volumes are attractive for numerous applications, especially catalysis.
Self-assembly growth of a multiferroic topological nanoisland array
Authors: Ma Ji , Wang Jing , Zhou Hua , Zhang Qinghua , Liang Yuhan , Chen Mingfeng , Gu Lin , Xu Ben , Zhang Jinxing , Ma Jing , Nan Ce-Wen
Published: October 2019

A new growth mechanism for self-assembled ferroelectric topological nanoislands was developed by designing a wetting layer and tailoring the growth temperature.
Transformable nanoparticles triggered by cancer-associated fibroblasts for improving drug permeability and efficacy in desmoplastic tumors
Authors: Hou Lin , Chen Dandan , Hao Lisha , Tian Chunyu , Yan Yingshan , Zhu Ling , Zhang Huijuan , Zhang Yi , Zhang Zhenzhong
Published: October 2019

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are important barriers for nanoparticles (NPs) to deeply penetrate into tumors and severely limit the antitumor efficacy of nanomedicines.
Therapeutic applications of multifunctional nanozymes
Authors: Liu Xiaoli , Gao Yuan , Chandrawati Rona , Hosta-Rigau Leticia
Published: October 2019

This review summarizes novel applications of multifunctional nanozymes in various biomedical-related fields ranging from cancer diagnosis, cancer and antibacterial therapy to regenerative medicine.
Superhigh out-of-plane piezoelectricity, low thermal conductivity and photocatalytic abilities in ultrathin 2D van der Waals heterostructures of boron monophosphide and gallium nitride
Authors: Mohanta Manish Kumar , Rawat Ashima , Dimple Dimple , Jena Nityasagar , Ahammed Raihan , De Sarkar Abir
Published: October 2019

A stable 2D van der Waals (vdW) heterobilayer constituted by boron monophosphide (BP) and Gallium Nitride (GaN) monolayers for different kinds of energy conversion and nanoelectronics.
Benzochalcogendiazole-based conjugated molecules: investigating the effects of substituents and heteroatom juggling
Authors: Patel Heta A. , Bhanvadia Viraj J. , Mande Hemant M. , Zade Sanjio S. , Patel Arun L.
Published: October 2019

A range of benzochalcogendiazole-based small molecules are synthesized following various C–C coupling methodologies and studied for their photo-physical properties and structural aspects.
Decarboxylative cascade cyclization of α-keto acids with 2-cyano-3-arylaniline-derived acrylamides
Authors: Shang Jia-Qi , Wang Xiang-Xiang , Xin Yangchun , Li Yi , Zhou Bin , Li Ya-Min
Published: October 2019

An oxidative decarboxylative cascade cyclization of α-keto acids with 2-cyano-3-arylaniline-derived acrylamides delivering carbonyl-containing pyrido[4,3,2-gh]phenanthridines is presented.
Swelling and mechanical properties of thermoresponsive/hydrophilic conetworks with crosslinked domain structures prepared from various triblock precursors
Authors: Ida Shohei , Morimura Miki , Kitanaka Hironobu , Hirokawa Yoshitsugu , Kanaoka Shokyoku
Published: October 2019

Thermoresponsive conetworks with crosslinked domain structures were designed by the crosslinking of triblock polymers for responsive gel functioning without external water.
Controlled synthesis of flower-like cobalt phosphate microsheet arrays supported on Ni foam as a highly efficient 3D integrated anode for non-enzymatic glucose sensing
Authors: Wang Xue , Wang Mingzhu , Feng Shiya , He Daiping , Jiang Ping
Published: October 2019

CoPO MA/NF was synthesized in a controlled way and utilized as an efficient 3D integrated electrode for enzyme-free glucose sensing.
Lysosome-targeted iridium(iii) compounds with pyridine-triphenylamine Schiff base ligands: syntheses, antitumor applications and mechanisms
Authors: Chen Shujiao , Liu Xicheng , Ge Xingxing , Wang Qinghui , Xie Yaoqi , Hao Yingying , Zhang Ying , Zhang Lei , Shang Wenjing , Liu Zhe
Published: October 2019

Half-sandwiched iridium(iii) Schiff base complexes showed potential antitumor activity and could induce apoptosis through metastasis inhibition and lysosomal damage.
MnO2/ZnCo2O4 with binder-free arrays on nickel foam loaded with graphene as a high performance electrode for advanced asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Cong Wanjuan , Miao Rui , Tao Bairui , Miao Fengjuan
Published: October 2019

Schematic illustration of formation process of MnO2/ZnCo2O4/G/NF composite electrode.
Effect of the coexistence of albumin and H2O2on the corrosion of biomedical cobalt alloys in physiological saline
Authors: Xu Weichen , Zhang Binbin , Yang Lihui , Ni Qiancheng , Li Yantao , Yu Fei
Published: October 2019

Corrosion of biomedical Co alloys were firstly studied in the presence of both albumin and H2O2.
Confined toluene within InOF-1: CO2capture enhancement
Authors: Garrido-Olvera L. Pamela , Sanchez-Bautista Jonathan E. , Alvarado-Alvarado Daniel , Landeros-Rivera Bruno , Álvarez J. Raziel , Vargas Rubicelia , González-Zamora Eduardo , Balmaseda Jorge , Lara-García Hugo A. , Martínez Ana , Ibarra Ilich A.
Published: October 2019

The confinement of small amounts of toluene demonstrated an enhanced CO2capture for InOF-1 as a result of a bottleneck effect and synergistic interactions.
Cobalt sulfides/carbon nanohybrids: a novel biocatalyst for nonenzymatic glucose biofuel cells and biosensors
Authors: Li Zihan , Li Gangyong , Wu Zhongdong , Jiao Shuqiang , Hu Zongqian
Published: October 2019

Exploring high-performance electrocatalysts is of great importance in developing nonenzymatic biofuel cells.
The phase transfer effect of sulfur in lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Deng Ziyi , Sun Lei , Sun Yan , Luo Chunhui , Zhao Qiang , Yan Kangping
Published: October 2019

The insulating elemental sulfur in a Li–S battery could be reduced to high-grade polysulfides by low-grade polysulfides from the cathode, after which they could participate in the discharging process of the Li–S battery.
Development of a liquid crystal laser using a simple cubic liquid crystalline blue phase platform
Authors: Choi Hyeon-Joon , Bae Jae-Hyun , Bae Sangwok , Lee Jae-Jin , Nishikawa Hiroya , Araoka Fumito , Choi Suk-Won
Published: October 2019

A dye-doped polymer-stabilized simple cubic liquid crystalline blue phase (BPII) laser with wide operating-temperature ranges over 15 °C including room temperature was fabricated.
Two-dimensional UV spectroscopy: a new insight into the structure and dynamics of biomolecules
Authors: Borrego-Varillas R. , Nenov A. , Ganzer L. , Oriana A. , Manzoni C. , Tolomelli A. , Rivalta I. , Mukamel S. , Garavelli M. , Cerullo G.
Published: October 2019

Two-dimensional ultraviolet spectroscopy has the potential to deliver rich structural and dynamical information on biomolecules such as DNA and proteins.
Heterogeneous versus homogeneous crystal nucleation of hard spheres
Authors: Espinosa Jorge R. , Vega Carlos , Valeriani Chantal , Frenkel Daan , Sanz Eduardo
Published: October 2019

Heterogeneous nucleation at the cell walls may at least partly explain the reported discrepancy between experimental measurements and simulation estimates of the homogeneous nucleation rate.
Hydroxyl group modification improves the electrocatalytic ORR and OER activity of graphene supported single and bi-metal atomic catalysts (Ni, Co, and Fe)
Authors: Zhao Xiaomei , Liu Xia , Huang Baoyu , Wang Pu , Pei Yong
Published: October 2019

The overpotential (η) of the OER and ORR process over bare and hydroxylated catalysts.
Carbon fibre paper coated by a layered manganese oxide: a nano-structured electrocatalyst for water-oxidation with high activity over a very wide pH range
Authors: Melder Jens , Mebs Stefan , Heizmann Philipp A. , Lang Rebekka , Dau Holger , Kurz Philipp
Published: October 2019

Manganese oxide coated carbon fibre paper electrodes (MnOx/CFP) exhibit promising water oxidation activities and stabilities for applications in alkaline, neutral and even acidic electrolytes.
Performance-enhanced solar-blind photodetector based on a CH3NH3PbI3/β-Ga2O3 hybrid structure
Authors: Dong Linpeng , Pang Tiqiang , Yu Jiangang , Wang Yucheng , Zhu Wenguo , Zheng Huadan , Yu Jianhui , Jia Renxu , Chen Zhe
Published: October 2019

Solar-blind photodetectors have drawn great attention due to their excellent accuracy and precision ignoring the electromagnetic radiation interference from the sun.
Long non-coding RNA TUSC7 suppresses osteosarcoma by targeting miR-211
Authors: Cong Menglin , Jing Rui
Published: October 2019

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a critical role in regulating cancer progression and metastasis. LncRNA tumor suppressor candidate 7 (TUSC-7) was shown to be a tumor suppressor in osteosarcoma. However, the regulation mechanism of TUSC-7 in osteosarcoma is unknown. Bioinformatics analysis showed that TUSC7 specifically binds to miR-211. MiR-211 was up-regulated in osteosarcoma and negatively correlated with the expression of TUSC7. miR-211 expression was inhibited remarkably by TUSC7 overexpression and the reciprocal inhibition exists between TUSC7 and miR-211. RNA pull-down and luciferase reporter assays were used to validate the sequence-specific correlation between miR-211 and TUSC7. TUSC7 inhibited the proliferation, migration of osteosarcoma cells and promoted cellular apoptosis, which is largely mediated by miR-211. We conclude that the TUSC7 acted as a tumor suppressor gene, which is negatively regulated by miR-211. Our study could suggest a potentially novel therapeutic strategy against osteosarcoma.
Research-Based Updates in Swallowing and Communication Dysfunction in Parkinson Disease: Implications for Evaluation and Management
Authors: Broadfoot C. K. , Abur D. , Hoffmeister J. D. , Stepp C. E. , Ciucci M. R.
Published: October 2019

Purpose

Individuals with Parkinson disease (PD) present with complex and variable symptoms, with recent findings suggesting that the etiology of PD extends beyond the involvement of just the basal ganglia. These symptoms include significant impairments in the speech and swallowing domains, which can greatly affect quality of life and therefore require therapeutic attention. This research-based update reviews the neurophysiological basis for swallowing and speech changes in PD, the effectiveness of various types of treatments, and the implications for symptom evaluation and management.

Conclusion

The mechanisms responsible for swallowing and speech symptoms in PD remain largely unknown. Dopaminergic medication and deep brain stimulation do not provide consistent benefits for these symptoms, suggesting a nondopaminergic network is involved. Importantly, evidence suggests that symptoms of dysphagia and hypokinetic dysarthria may be early indications of PD, so it is critical to investigate the cause of these changes.
Optimisation for image salient object detection based on semantic‐aware clustering and CRF
Authors: Chen Junhao , Niu Yuzhe , Wu Jianbin , Chen Junrong
Published: October 2019

State‐of‐the‐art optimisation methods for salient object detection neglect that saliency maps of different images usually show different imperfections. Therefore, the saliency maps of some images cannot achieve effective optimisation. Based on the observation that the saliency maps of semantically similar images usually show similar imperfections, the authors propose an optimisation method for salient object detection based on semantic‐aware clustering and conditional random field (CRF), named CCRF. They first cluster the training images into some clusters using the image semantic features extracted by using a deep convolutional neural network model for image classification. Then for each cluster, they use a CRF to optimise the saliency maps generated by existing salient object detection methods. A grid search method is used to compute the optimal weights of the kernels of the CRF. The saliency maps of the testing images are optimised by the corresponding CRFs with the optimal weights. The experimental results with 13 typical salient object detection methods on four datasets show that the proposed CCRF algorithm can effectively improve the results of a variety of image salient object detection methods and outperforms the compared optimisation methods.
Drivingon GWB: energy‐efficiency‐driven route optimisation for EVs
Authors: Wang Hui , Cai Xuelian , Zhang Yao , Liu Anqi , Huang Pengfei , Li Changle
Published: October 2019

The promotion of electric vehicles (EVs) has been regarded as a way to significantly reduce carbon emissions and achieve energy saving. However, the limited cruising mileage of EVs seriously affects the experience of users. Therefore, from the perspective of optimisation, to achieve an optimal route planning for all EVs in a city level based on energy consumption analysis becomes a non‐trivial task. In this study, the authorsoptimise the route planning of EVs driving on green waveband (GWB) with the consideration of energy consumption. Specifically, by analysing the impact of parameters such as phase difference, velocity and green split, a GWB‐based energy consumption model is proposed to improve the energy efficiency of EVs in urban traffic scenarios. On the basis of the model, they then develop a multi‐objective route optimisation algorithm to implement a reliable route‐planning strategy. Using extensive simulations, the performance of their proposal is evaluated. Results show that the proposed energy consumption model can reduce energy consumption of EVs and shorten travel time of drivers. Furthermore, the proposed route‐planning strategy achieves a trade‐off between energy consumption and time cost, which provides feasible route advice for drivers.