bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microhomology-mediated end joining is the principal mediator of double-strand break repair during mitochondrial DNA lesions
Authors: Tadi Satish Kumar , Sebastian Robin , Dahal Sumedha , Babu Ravi K. , Choudhary Bibha , Raghavan Sathees C.
Published: November 2015

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletions are associated with various mitochondrial disorders. The deletions identified in humans are flanked by short, directly repeated mitochondrial DNA sequences; however, the mechanism of such DNA rearrangements has yet to be elucidated. In contrast to nuclear DNA (nDNA), mtDNA is more exposed to oxidative damage, which may result in double-strand breaks (DSBs). Although DSB repair in nDNA is well studied, repair mechanisms in mitochondria are not characterized. In the present study, we investigate the mechanisms of DSB repair in mitochondria using in vitro and ex vivo assays. Whereas classical NHEJ (C-NHEJ) is undetectable, microhomology-mediated alternative NHEJ efficiently repairs DSBs in mitochondria. Of interest, robust microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ) was observed with DNA substrates bearing 5-, 8-, 10-, 13-, 16-, 19-, and 22-nt microhomology. Furthermore, MMEJ efficiency was enhanced with an increase in the length of homology. Western blotting, immunoprecipitation, and protein inhibition assays suggest the involvement of CtIP, FEN1, MRE11, and PARP1 in mitochondrial MMEJ. Knockdown studies, in conjunction with other experiments, demonstrated that DNA ligase III, but not ligase IV or ligase I, is primarily responsible for the final sealing of DSBs during mitochondrial MMEJ. These observations highlight the central role of MMEJ in maintenance of mammalian mitochondrial genome integrity and is likely relevant for deletions observed in many human mitochondrial disorders.
Dynamic relocation of the TORC1–Gtr1/2–Ego1/2/3 complex is regulated by Gtr1 and Gtr2
Authors: Kira Shintaro , Kumano Yuri , Ukai Hirofumi , Takeda Eigo , Matsuura Akira , Noda Takeshi
Published: November 2015

TORC1 regulates cellular growth, metabolism, and autophagy by integrating various signals, including nutrient availability, through the small GTPases RagA/B/C/D in mammals and Gtr1/2 in budding yeast. Rag/Gtr is anchored to the lysosomal/vacuolar membrane by the scaffold protein complex Ragulator/Ego. Here we show that Ego consists of Ego1 and Ego3, and novel subunit Ego2. The ∆ego2 mutant exhibited only partial defects both in Gtr1-dependent TORC1 activation and Gtr1 localization on the vacuole. Ego1/2/3, Gtr1/2, and Tor1/Tco89 were colocalized on the vacuole and associated puncta. When Gtr1 was in its GTP-bound form and TORC1 was active, these proteins were preferentially localized on the vacuolar membrane, whereas when Gtr1 was in its GDP-bound form, they were mostly localized on the puncta. The localization of TORC1 to puncta was further facilitated by direct binding to Gtr2, which is involved in suppression of TORC1 activity. Thus regulation of TORC1 activity through Gtr1/Gtr2 is tightly coupled to the dynamic relocation of these proteins.
Phase 3 pharmacokinetics and safety study of a posaconazole tablet formulation in patients at risk for invasive fungal disease
Authors: Cornely Oliver A. , Duarte Rafael F. , Haider Shariq , Chandrasekar Pranatharthi , Helfgott David , Jiménez Javier López , Candoni Anna , Raad Issam , Laverdiere Michel , Langston Amelia , Kartsonis Nicholas , Van Iersel Marlou , Connelly Nancy , Waskin Hetty
Published: November 2015

This Phase 1B study showed that a single tablet of 300 mg of posaconazole, given once daily as prophylaxis to 210 patients at risk for invasive fungal disease, was as safe as that reported for posaconazole oral suspension and achieved steady-state >500 ng/mL for all but one patient.
CO luminosity function from Herschel-selected galaxies and the contribution of AGN
Authors: Vallini L. , Gruppioni C. , Pozzi F. , Vignali C. , Zamorani G.
Published: November 2015

We derive the carbon monoxide (CO) luminosity function (LF) for different rotational transitions [i.e. (1–0), (3–2), (5–4)] starting from the Herschel LF by Gruppioni et al. and using appropriate LCO–LIR conversions for different galaxy classes. Our predicted LFs fit the data so far available at z ≈ 0 and 2. We compare our results with those obtained by semi-analytical models (SAMs): while we find a good agreement over the whole range of luminosities at z ≈ 0, at z ≈ 1 and z ≈ 2, the tension between our LFs and SAMs in the faint and bright ends increases. We finally discuss the contribution of luminous active galactic nucleus (LX > 1044 erg s− 1) to the bright end of the CO LF concluding that they are too rare to reproduce the actual CO LF at z ≈ 2.
Intensive, Manual‐based Intervention for Pediatric Feeding Disorders
Authors: Sharp William G. , Stubbs Kathryn H. , Adams Heyward , Wells Brian M. , Lesack Roseanne S. , Criado Kristen K. , Simon Elizabeth L. , McCracken Courtney E. , West Leanne L. , Scahill Larry D.
Published: November 2015

Objectives:

The aim of this pilot study was to investigate feasibility and preliminary efficacy of an intensive, manual‐based behavioral feeding intervention for children with chronic food refusal and dependence on enteral feeding or oral nutritional formula supplementation.

Methods:

Twenty children ages 13 to 72 months (12 boys and 8 girls) meeting criteria for avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder were randomly assigned to receive treatment for 5 consecutive days in a day treatment program (n = 10) or waitlist (n = 10). A team of trained therapists implemented treatment under the guidance of a multidisciplinary team. Parent training was delivered to support generalization of treatment gains. We tracked parental attrition and attendance, as well as therapist fidelity. Primary outcome measures were bite acceptance, disruptions, and grams consumed during meals.

Results:

Caregivers reported high satisfaction and acceptability of the intervention. Three participants (1 intervention; 2 waitlist) dropped out of the study before endpoint. Of the expected 140 treatment meals for the intervention group, 137 (97.8%) were actually attended. The intervention group showed significantly greater improvements (P < 0.05) on all primary outcome measures (d = 1.03–2.11) compared with waitlist (d = −1.13–0.24). A 1‐month follow‐up suggested stability in treatment gains.

Conclusions:

Results from this pilot study corroborate evidence from single‐subject and nonrandomized studies on the positive effects of behavioral intervention. Findings support the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of this manual‐based approach to intervention. These results warrant a large‐scale randomized trial to test the safety and efficacy of this intervention.
Validation of a Nutritional Screening Tool for Ambulatory Use in Pediatrics
Authors: Rub Gal , Marderfeld Luba , Poraz Irit , Hartman Corina , Amsel Shlomo , Rosenbaum Israel , Pergamentzev‐Karpol Shiri , Monsonego‐Ornan Efrat , Shamir Raanan
Published: November 2015

Objectives:

To evaluate the use of Screening Tool for the Assessment of Malnutrition in Pediatrics (STAMP) in a primary health care clinic in the community and to assess the impact of its use on medical staff's awareness of nutritional status.

Methods:

STAMP scoring system was tested as is and with modifications in the ambulatory setting. Nutritional risk according to STAMP was compared with a detailed nutritional assessment performed by a registered dietitian. Recording of nutrition‐related data and anthropometric measurements in medical files were compared prior and post implementation.

Results:

Sixty children were included (31 girls, 52%), ages between 1 and 6 years, mean age 2.8 ± 1.5 (mean ± SD). STAMP scores yielded a fair agreement between STAMP and the dietitian's nutritional assessment: κ = 0.47 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.24–0.7), sensitivity of 47.62% (95% CI 28.34–67.63). Modified STAMP yielded more substantial agreement: κ = 0.57 (95% CI 0.35–0.79), sensitivity of 76.19% (95% CI 54.91–89.37), specificity of 82.05% (95% CI 67.33–91.02). The use of STAMP resulted in an increase in recording of appetite, dietary intake, and anthropometric measurements.

Conclusions:

Modification of the STAMP improved nutritional risk evaluation in community setting. The use of STAMP in a primary health care clinic raised clinician's awareness to nutritional status. Further work will identify whether this could be translated into lower malnutrition rates and better child care.
Double‐balloon Enteroscopy for Pediatric Patients
Authors: Yokoyama Koji , Yano Tomonori , Kumagai Hideki , Mizuta Koichi , Ono Shigeru , Imagawa Tomoyuki , Yamamoto Hironori , Yamagata Takanori
Published: November 2015

Objectives:

The safety and efficacy of double‐balloon enteroscopy (DBE) in pediatric patients has not been well documented. We aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of DBE in children, especially those under 10.

Methods:

We retrospectively analyzed our database of DBE procedures performed between September 2000 and September 2013. Procedures performed in pediatric patients (under 18) were selected from a total of 3980, including double‐balloon endoscopic retrograde cholangioscopy (DBERC).

Results:

Two hundred fifty‐seven DBE procedures were performed in 117 pediatric patients (median age 12.5 years). Antegrade (oral‐route) DBE was performed in 166 procedures including 104 DBERC procedures (lowest body weight 13.5 kg, youngest age 3 years), and retrograde (anal‐route) DBE in 91 (lowest body weight 12.0 kg, youngest age 2 years). The overall diagnostic yield for obscure gastrointestinal bleeding and abdominal pain was 58.8%. The purpose of DBERC was achieved in 76.9% of procedures. The overall complication rate in our series was 5.4% (1.9% with the DBERC cases removed); in patients under 10, it was 10.4% (7/67). No severe complications associated with enteroscope insertion and sedation were observed. Serum amylase levels tended to be elevated in patients who underwent oral‐route DBE.

Conclusions:

DBE is safe and feasible for diagnostic evaluation of small bowel disorders in pediatric patients, even those younger than 10 years. Special attention for possible complications must, however, be paid during therapeutic DBE procedures, including DBERC, especially for patients under 10.
Update on Performance in Tobacco Control: A Longitudinal Analysis of the Impact of Tobacco Control Policy and the US Adult Smoking Rate, 2011-2013
Authors: Mader Emily M. , Lapin Brittany , Cameron Brianna J. , Carr Thomas A. , Morley Christopher P.
Published: November 2015

Context:

Tobacco use remains the leading cause of preventable death in the United States. States and municipalities have instituted a variety of tobacco control measures (TCMs) to address the significant impact tobacco use has on population health. The American Lung Association annually grades state performance of tobacco control using the State of Tobacco Control grading framework.

Objective:

To gain an updated understanding of how recent efforts in tobacco control have impacted tobacco use across the United States, using yearly State of Tobacco Control TCM assessments.

Design:

The independent TCM variables of smoke-free air score, cessation score, excise tax, and percentage of recommended funding were selected from the American Lung Association State of Tobacco Control reports. Predictors of adult smoking rates were determined by a mixed-effects model.

Setting/Participants:

The 50 US states and District of Columbia.

Main Outcome Measure:

Adult smoking rate in each state from 2011 to 2013.

Results:

The average adult smoking rate decreased significantly from 2011 to 2013 (21.3% [SD: 3.5] to 19.3% [SD: 3.5],P= .016). All forms of TCMs varied widely in implementation levels across states. Excise taxes (β = −.812,P= .006) and smoke-free air regulations (β = −.057,P= .008) were significant, negative predictors of adult smoking. Cessation services (β = .015,P= .46) did not have a measurable effect on adult smoking.

Conclusion:

Tobacco control measures with the strongest influence on adult smoking include the state excise tax and state smoke-free air regulations. The lack of robust funding for tobacco cessation services across the majority of US states highlights an important shortfall in current tobacco control policy.
An evaluation of methods correcting for cell type heterogeneity in DNA methylation studies
Authors: McGregor Kevin , Bernatsky Sasha , Colmegna Ines , Hudson Marie , Pastinen Tomi , Labbe Aurélie , Greenwood Celia
Published: November 2015

Background

Many different methods exist to adjust for variability in cell-type mixture proportions when analysing DNA methylation studies. Here we present the result of an extensive simulation study, built on cell-separated DNA methylation profiles from Illumina Infinium 450K methylation data, to compare the performance of 8 methods including the most commonly-used approaches.

Results

We designed a rich multi-layered simulation containing a set of probes with true associations with either binary or continuous phenotypes, confounding by cell type, variability in means and standard deviations for population parameters, additional variability at the level of an individual cell-type-specific sample, and variability in the mixture proportions across samples. Performance varied quite substantially across methods and simulations. In particular, the false discovery rates (FDR) were sometimes unrealistically high, indicating limited ability to discriminate the true signals from those appearing significant through confounding. Methods that filtered probes had consequently poor power. QQ-plots of p-values across all tested probes showed that adjustments did not always improve the distribution. The same methods were used to examine associations between smoking and methylation data from a case-control study of colorectal cancer.

Conclusions

We recommend surrogate variable analysis for cell-type mixture adjustment since performance was stable under all our simulated scenarios.
Quantifying polygenic effects in genome-wide association studies using generalized estimating equations
Authors: Hecker Julian , Prokopenko Dmitry , Lange Christoph , Fier Heide Löhlein
Published: November 2015

1

Recently, LD Score regression1has been proposed as a computationally fast method to contrast confounding biases with polygenicity and to quantify their contribution to the inflation of test statistics in GWAS.

In this communication, we extend the LD Score regression approach by applying the generalized estimation equations (GEE) framework, which is capable of incorporating more external information from reference panels about the correlation structure of test statistics. We apply our GEE approach and LD Score regression to simulated and real data to compare their performance.

We show that our proposed methodology obtains more efficient estimates while preserving the robustness and desired properties of LD Score regression.
Characteristics of DNA methylation and gene expression in regulatory features on the Infinium 450k Beadchip
Authors: Martino David , Saffery Richard
Published: November 2015

Understanding the relationship between variations in DNA methylation and gene expression has been challenging. Evidence suggests the function of DNA methylation may vary with genomic context, and few consistent rules linking methylation to expression have been noted. For array-based studies, the content of current DNA methylation array platforms provide broad coverage of the genome but target only a fraction of the potentially methylated CG dinucleotides. A better understanding of the interplay between DNA methylation and gene expression is beneficial for users of these platforms, and may aid with candidate prioritization in epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS). To address this we examined the relationship between DNA methylation levels and gene expression in primary T-lymphocytes at discreet genomic regions around the transcriptional unit (Promoters, gene body, untranslated regions) and at CpG island-associated regions (islands, shores and shelves), stratifying by high and low expressed genes. As anticipated we found evidence that DNA methylation at CpG sites near promoter regions are tightly correlated with gene expression in both the stably expressed and developmentally regulated genes, however this is dependent on CpG density. DNA methylation within the gene body was not consistently associated with changes in gene expression. CpG islands and island shores exhibited strong correlations with gene expression, but this was not true for island shelves. We found these relationships were generally preserved at both dynamic and steady state genes, with some notable exceptions. In combination these insights may be useful for prioritising candidates identified in epigenome-wide association studies for subsequent functional studies.
Native sulfur/chlorine SAD phasing for serial femtosecond crystallography
Authors: Nakane Takanori , Song Changyong , Suzuki Mamoru , Nango Eriko , Kobayashi Jun , Masuda Tetsuya , Inoue Shigeyuki , Mizohata Eiichi , Nakatsu Toru , Tanaka Tomoyuki , Tanaka Rie , Shimamura Tatsuro , Tono Kensuke , Joti Yasumasa , Kameshima Takashi , Hatsui Takaki , Yabashi Makina , Nureki Osamu , Iwata So , Sugahara Michihiro
Published: November 2015

Serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) allows structures to be determined with minimal radiation damage. However, phasing native crystals in SFX is not very common. Here, the structure determination of native lysozyme from single-wavelength anomalous diffraction (SAD) by utilizing the anomalous signal of sulfur and chlorine at a wavelength of 1.77 Å is successfully demonstrated. This sulfur SAD method can be applied to a wide range of proteins, which will improve the determination of native crystal structures.
Atomic resolution crystal structure of Sapp2p, a secreted aspartic protease fromCandida parapsilosis
Authors: Dostál Jiří , Pecina Adam , Hrušková-Heidingsfeldová Olga , Marečková Lucie , Pichová Iva , Řezáčová Pavlina , Lepšík Martin , Brynda Jiří
Published: November 2015

The virulence of theCandidapathogens is enhanced by the production of secreted aspartic proteases, which therefore represent possible targets for drug design. Here, the crystal structure of the secreted aspartic protease Sapp2p fromCandida parapsilosiswas determined. Sapp2p was isolated from its natural source and crystallized in complex with pepstatin A, a classical aspartic protease inhibitor. The atomic resolution of 0.83 Å allowed the protonation states of the active-site residues to be inferred. A detailed comparison of the structure of Sapp2p with the structure of Sapp1p, the most abundantC. parapsilosissecreted aspartic protease, was performed. The analysis, which included advanced quantum-chemical interaction-energy calculations, uncovered molecular details that allowed the experimentally observed equipotent inhibition of both isoenzymes by pepstatin A to be rationalized.
Crystallographic insights into the structure–activity relationships of diazaborine enoyl-ACP reductase inhibitors
Authors: Jordan Cheryl A. , Sandoval Braddock A. , Serobyan Mkrtich V. , Gilling Damian H. , Groziak Michael P. , Xu H. Howard , Vey Jessica L.
Published: November 2015

Enoyl-ACP reductase, the last enzyme of the fatty-acid biosynthetic pathway, is the molecular target for several successful antibiotics such as the tuberculosis therapeutic isoniazid. It is currently under investigation as a narrow-spectrum antibiotic target for the treatment of several types of bacterial infections. The diazaborine family is a group of boron heterocycle-based synthetic antibacterial inhibitors known to target enoyl-ACP reductase. Development of this class of molecules has thus far focused solely on the sulfonyl-containing versions. Here, the requirement for the sulfonyl group in the diazaborine scaffold was investigated by examining several recently characterized enoyl-ACP reductase inhibitors that lack the sulfonyl group and exhibit additional variability in substitutions, size and flexibility. Biochemical studies are reported showing the inhibition ofEscherichia colienoyl-ACP reductase by four diazaborines, and the crystal structures of two of the inhibitors bound toE. colienoyl-ACP reductase solved to 2.07 and 2.11 Å resolution are reported. The results show that the sulfonyl group can be replaced with an amide or thioamide without disruption of the mode of inhibition of the molecule.
Beyond enforcement: what drives tax morale in Ghana?
Authors: Ibrahim Muazu , Musah Alhassan , Abdul-Hanan Abdallah
Published: November 2015

Purpose

– This paper aims to investigate the determinants of the motivation to pay tax in Ghana. Traditionally, raising tax morale to ensure compliance is often tied to the level of prevailing enforcement. But beyond enforcement, why do citizens pay tax?

Design/methodology/approach

– This paper relied on the sixth wave of the World Values Survey data in determining the drivers of tax morale. It used the probit model with different specifications to determine robustness of the results.

Findings

– The findings remain robust to model specification and show a non-linear relationship between age and tax morale. The level of education, marital status, patriotism, sector of employment, satisfaction with democracy and one’s “fear of God” do not matter in tax morale. The economic class of a personper seis also far from being a significant driver and that people are intrinsically motivated to pay tax once they are satisfied with their financial situation, have trust in the government as well as confidence in the parliament.

Originality/value

– In addition to being a pioneering micro-econometric work on the determinants of tax morale in Ghana, the main contribution of the study lies in its investigation of a non-linear relationship between age and tax morale in Ghana.
The social media leads to socialism
Authors: Gomez Farias Hannah , Paskor Ann , Block Walter E.
Published: November 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to trace the relationship between social media and socialism.

Design/methodology/approach

– The design of this paper is to articulate what is socialism and social media. We trace the relationship between the two based on quotations and citations between these two separate universes of discourse.

Findings

– Social media leads to socialism; this is the most unsophisticated understanding of economics, and pretty much anyone can take part in this mode of communication. The economically illiterate excoriate capitalism, but they fail, utterly, to distinguish between the crony capitalism, which really does exploit workers and the poor, from laissez-faire capitalism, which is the last best hope for humanity to prosper and even to survive.

Originality/value

– There is great originality in this paper because there is no other extant study that attempts to explain social media and socialism in terms of each other.
Education for integration: four pedagogical principles
Authors: Cook Ailsa , Harries John , Huby Guro
Published: November 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to consider how postgraduate education can contribute to the effective integration of health and social care through supporting public service managers to develop the skills required for collaborative working.

Design/methodology/approach

– Review of documentation from ten years of delivery of a part-time postgraduate programme for health and social care managers, critical reflection on the findings in light of relevant literature.

Findings

– The health and social care managers participating in this postgraduate programme report working across complex, shifting and hidden boundaries. Effective education for integration should: ground learning in experience; develop a shared language; be inter-professional and co-produced; and support skill development.

Originality/value

– This paper addresses a gap in the literature relating to the educational and development needs of health and social care managers leading collaborative working.
The marketisation and privatisation of children’s social work and child protection
Authors: Jones Ray
Published: November 2015

Purpose

– Whilst the government makes progress on opening up children’s social work, including child protection, to the market place and to private and commercial businesses, there has been little comment on the strengths and weaknesses, and the opportunities and threats, of the political policy direction being pursued. In particular, what are the implications for the integration and consolidation of services, which had been the “joined-up” services policy ambition of previous governments and, for health and social care services, remain the declared ambition of the current government? The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

– This paper considers the potential impact on children’s social work services and child protection from the government’s policy and regulatory changes which open up all children’s social work to the market place.

Findings

– Particular concerns are noted that the changes now being allowed and promoted will lead to greater fragmentation rather than integration.

Originality/value

– This is the first paper to reflect on the government’s push and preference for the unregulated market place it created in 2014 for children’s social work, including child protection.
Managing performance and learning through reflective practices
Authors: Saunila Minna , Tikkamäki Kati , Ukko Juhani
Published: November 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to study the role of performance management (PM) in the use of reflective work practices.

Design/methodology/approach

– The empirical evidence was collected during a one-year, action-oriented research project.

Findings

– According to the results, PM can support the use of reflective work practices by affecting and guiding the human behavior in an organization. In this study, five roles of PM are emphasized in order to support reflective practices at work: making reflective work practices visible, supporting reflective dialogue, creating a favorable measurement culture, clarifying the goals at all organizational levels and motivating employees to use reflective work practices by means of compensation and rewards.

Practical implications

– The results of the study can help professionals realize that reflective work practices may benefit organizational performance.

Originality/value

– There is limited research and discussion on how a PM process through the use of reflective practices contributes to human resource management (HRM) and organizational effectiveness. In addition, PM literature has neglected the potential of reflective work practices in achieving performance at different levels (individual, group and organization). Reflective work practices, where individuals learn from their own and from each other’s professional experiences, may be the most important source of professional development and improvement. This paper argues that PM can also support this type of learning, and thus guide and motivate people in attaining business goals.
Information and communication technology demands: outcomes and interventions
Authors: Stich Jean-François , Farley Samuel , Cooper Cary , Tarafdar Monideepa
Published: November 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to review four demands employees face when communicating through information and communication technologies (ICTs). The authors review the outcomes associated with each demand and discuss relevant interventions to provide a set of evidence-based recommendations.

Design/methodology/approach

– This paper reviews the following demands associated with ICTs: response expectations, constant availability, increased workload and poor communication. The authors draw upon empirical research to highlight outcomes and intervention strategies, before discussing implications for research and practice.

Findings

– The findings suggest that there are diverse outcomes associated with each demand. The outcomes were not inherently negative as evidence suggests that positive performance outcomes can arise from response expectations and constant availability, although they may be allied by health and well-being costs.

Practical implications

– A number of practical strategies are described to help organizations address computer-mediated communication demands, including tailored training, organizational policies and role modeling. The paper also outlines suggestions for future research on the dark side of IT use.

Originality/value

– This paper integrates four interrelated demands that employees can face when communicating through technology. The authors extend knowledge by analyzing interventions which enables a synthesis of implications for practice.
Informational injustice with respect to change and negative workplace emotions
Authors: De Clercq Dirk , Saridakis George
Published: November 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to examine the hitherto unexplored relationship between employees’ perceptions of informational injustice with respect to change and their negative workplace emotions, as well as how this relationship might be mitigated by structural and relational features of the organizational context.

Design/methodology/approach

– The paper draws on quantitative data collected through the 2011 Workplace Employment Relations Survey. The hypotheses are tested with ordered probit analysis using random effects.

Findings

– The findings show that informational injustice enhances the development of negative workplace emotions, yet this effect is attenuated at higher levels of job influence, reward interdependence, trust, and organizational commitment.

Research limitations/implications

– The findings contribute by identifying several contingencies that attenuate the harmful effect of informational injustice with respect to change on negative workplace emotions. The limitations of the study include the lack of data on change-specific outcomes and the reliance on the same respondents to assess the focal variables.

Practical implications

– The study suggests that organizations facing the challenge of sharing complete information about internal changes can counter the employee stress that comes with limited information provision by creating appropriate internal environments.

Originality/value

– The study adds to research on organizational change by providing a better understanding of an unexplored driver of negative workplace emotions (i.e. informational injustice with respect to change) and explicating when such informational injustice is more or less likely to enhance these emotions.
Involvement of opioid system in antidepressant‐like effect of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor inverse agonist AM‐251 after physical stress in mice
Authors: Ostadhadi Sattar , Haj‐Mirzaian Arya , Nikoui Vahid , Kordjazy Nastaran , Dehpour Ahmad‐Reza
Published: November 2015

Cannabinoid inverse agonists possess antidepressant‐like properties, but the mechanism of this action is unknown. Numerous studies have reported the interaction between opioid and cannabinoid pathways. In this study, acute foot‐shock stress was used in mice to investigate the involvement of the opioid pathway in the antidepressant‐like effect of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor inverse agonist AM‐251. Stress was induced by intermittent foot‐shock stimulation for 30 min. Then, using the forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST), the immobility time was measured. Results show that the immobility time was significantly prolonged in animals subjected to foot‐shock stress, compared with non‐stressed controls (P < 0.01). Also, the serum corticosterone level was significantly increased after stress induction (P < 0.001). Administration of AM‐251 (0.5 and 0.3 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.)), significantly decreased the immobility time of stressed mice in the FST (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively) and TST (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). The lowest dose of AM‐251 (0.1 mg/kg), naltrexone (0.3 mg/kg), and morphine (1.0 mg/kg) did not show any significant effect on stressed animals (P > 0.05). Co‐administration of AM‐251 with sub‐effective dose of naltrexone decreased the effective dose of this cannabinoid inverse agonist, to 0.1 mg/kg (P < 0.01). On the other hand, administration of the sub‐effective dose of morphine reversed the anti‐immobility effect of AM‐251 (0.5 mg/kg; P < 0.001). In conclusion, the present study for the first time reveals the possible role of opioid signalling in the antidepressant‐like properties of AM‐251 in a foot‐shock stress model.
The Weary Customer: Choosing Not to Choose Among Unfair ‘Choices’
Authors: Jeannot Gilles
Published: November 2015

Critics concerned with the effect of public utility companies' market practices have primarily focused on issues of disconnection and inequality. This article goes further, challenging the very premise on which the model is based: the principle of individual choice. The article focuses on the French gas, electricity and telephone sectors, developing two points. The first is the declining trust in public utility companies and a certain choice‐averseness. The second point addresses the experience of the ‘customer’, pressured to make the ‘right’ choice through manipulation and misinformation on the part of competing suppliers. Thus, instead of ‘active customers’ directing markets through their ‘choices’, what is seen is the disaffection or weariness of customers in the face of what they perceive as an unfair situation.
Rescuing from oblivion: social characteristics and career destinations of early British ‘sociology’ graduates, 1907–39
Authors: Husbands Christopher T.
Published: November 2015

Those students who were among the first sociology graduates in the UK barely feature in standard histories of the discipline, which all have an intellectual and institutional focus. This article remedies this neglect by researching the social backgrounds and later careers of sociology graduates from the London School of Economics and Political Science [LSE] and Bedford College for Women from the first such graduate in 1907 until those graduating in the 1930s. Data for this exercise were compiled from a variety of sources. The more important are: UK censuses, especially that of 1911; various civil registration records; archived student files; and, for the graduates who entered university teaching, issues of the Yearbook of the Universities of the Empire [later the Commonwealth Universities' Yearbook]. The dataset includes all identified graduates in the BSc(Econ), Special Subject Sociology, degree from 1907 to 1935 and all in the BA (Honours) in Sociology degree from 1925 to 1939. LSE sociology graduates tended to be older and to have more cosmopolitan backgrounds, with fathers more likely than for Bedford College graduates to come from commercial rather than professional backgrounds. Both institutions' graduates' careers tended to the Civil Service and local government. LSE graduates gravitated to education, especially to higher education if male, whilst those of Bedford College went into welfare work, countering a stereotype from some previous literature that especially women graduates were heavily constrained to follow careers in schoolteaching. The article also gives comparisons with the social‐class profile and career destinations of several cohorts of postwar sociology graduates, noting a number of similarities.
Development of a productive research culture in emergency medicine: Report of the outcomes of a research forum
Authors: Taylor David McD , Cohen Donna R , Epstein Joseph , Freeman Peter , Gosbell Andrew D , Judkins Simon , Mowatt Elizabeth JM , O'Reilly Gerard M , Vinen John
Published: November 2015

In recent years, the Australasian College for Emergency Medicine (ACEM) has increasingly focused on the need for high‐quality research in emergency medicine (EM). One important initiative was the establishment of the ACEM Foundation, which among other responsibilities, is required to support clinical research through the provision of research funding and other measures. In February 2015, the Foundation held a Research Forum that was attended by the leading EM researchers from Australasia. The Forum aimed to determine how a productive research culture could be developed within the ACEM. Nine key objectives were determined including that research should be a core business of the ACEM and a core activity of the EM workforce, and that EM research should be sustainable and adequately supported. This report describes the background and conduct of the Forum, its recommendations and the way in which they could be implemented.
Study on two genera, Yasumatsua Togashi and Aproceros Malaise (Hymenoptera: Argidae: Sterictiphorinae), from South Korea with description of a new species
Authors: Choi Jin‐Kyung , Lee Su‐Bin , Wei Meicai , Lee Jong‐Wook
Published: November 2015

Yasumatsusa Togashi, 1970 and Aproceros Malaise, 1931 are recorded for the first time from South Korea. A new species, Yasumatsua koreana Lee & Lee sp. nov., and newly recorded species, Aproceros pallidicornis (Mocsáry, 1909), are described. Photographs of the new species and a key to genera of Korean Sterictiphorinae are provided.
Exosome isolation from hemolymph of Korean rhinoceros beetle, Allomyrina dichotoma (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Authors: Kim Hong Geun , Kwon Kisang , Suh Hyun‐Woo , Lee Seokhyun , Park Kwan‐Ho , Kwon O‐Yu , Choi Ji‐Young
Published: November 2015

Exosomes are 30–150 nm vesicles that are secreted from a range of cells. Recently, exosomes have been the subject of considerable research because there is mounting awareness of their diverse functions, including a role in cell–cell communication and presenting pathogens for immune responses. Exosomes contain diverse nucleic acid and protein cargos, derived not only from the organism but also from pathogens, making them suitable for use in disease diagnosis. The Korean rhinoceros beetle, Allomyrina dichotoma (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), is commercially reared in Korea for the pet trade and is used in traditional medicine for liver‐related diseases. However, several insect diseases caused by bacteria, fungi and viruses have been reported in A. dichotoma mass‐rearing facilities. Identifying these diseases with accuracy and in a timely manner is of paramount importance. Such diagnosis can be accomplished by identifying the nucleic acid or amino acid fragments from these disease‐causing pathogens in the exosome of A. dichotoma. We isolated exosomes from the hemolymph of A. dichotoma and used them to analyze exosome RNA and proteins. We confirmed the isolation of exosomes through RNA profiling, protein analysis and Western blotting. Our research established a solid foundation for using insect exosome protein and RNA analyses for the accurate diagnosis of insect diseases. To our knowledge, this is the first report of exosome isolation from insect hemolymph.
Heterogeneity from increasing crop types: effect on carabid beetles
Authors: Do Yuno , Joo Gea‐Jae
Published: November 2015

We investigated the effect of crop type heterogeneity on carabid beetles in intensively managed agricultural landscapes. We compared different crops and habitat type configurations and compositions. In addition we assessed the effect of artificial fragmentation by paved roads and water channels in an agricultural landscape. Crop type heterogeneity negatively affected carabid assemblages. Spatial dissection by artificial structures had an even more negative effect on carabid diversity. The nested structure of the carabid assemblages among crop types was caused by a negative response to heterogeneity in the agricultural landscape. Even though crop types in an intensive agricultural landscape increased, the landscape may tend to fragment habitat. Although artificially fragmented habitats had more unstable carabid assemblages, heterogeneity from different crop types has also been shown to be a characteristic of fragmented landscapes. To produce a positive relationship between biodiversity and heterogeneity in an agricultural landscape, farming intensity should be reduced to allow for the conversion of highly productive lands into more natural habitats.
Mitogenome assembly from genomic multiplex libraries: comparison of strategies and novel mitogenomes for five species of frogs
Authors: Machado D. J. , Lyra M. L. , Grant T.
Published: November 2015

Next‐generation sequencing continues to revolutionize biodiversity studies by generating unprecedented amounts of DNA sequence data for comparative genomic analysis. However, these data are produced as millions or billions of short reads of variable quality that cannot be directly applied in comparative analyses, creating a demand for methods to facilitate assembly. We optimized an in silico strategy to efficiently reconstruct high‐quality mitochondrial genomes directly from genomic reads. We tested this strategy using sequences from five species of frogs: Hylodes meridionalis (Hylodidae), Hyloxalus yasuni (Dendrobatidae), Pristimantis fenestratus (Craugastoridae), and Melanophryniscus simplex and Rhinella sp. (Bufonidae). These are the first mitogenomes published for these species, the genera Hylodes, Hyloxalus, Pristimantis, Melanophryniscus and Rhinella, and the families Craugastoridae and Hylodidae. Sequences were generated using only half of one lane of a standard Illumina HiqSeq 2000 flow cell, resulting in fewer than eight million reads. We analysed the reads of Hylodes meridionalis using three different assembly strategies: (1) reference‐based (using bowtie2); (2) de novo (using abyss, soapdenovo2 and velvet); and (3) baiting and iterative mapping (using mira and mitobim). Mitogenomes were assembled exclusively with strategy 3, which we employed to assemble the remaining mitogenomes. Annotations were performed with mitos and confirmed by comparison with published amphibian mitochondria. In most cases, we recovered all 13 coding genes, 22 tRNAs, and two ribosomal subunit genes, with minor gene rearrangements. Our results show that few raw reads can be sufficient to generate high‐quality scaffolds, making any Illumina machine run using genomic multiplex libraries a potential source of data for organelle assemblies as by‐catch.
Accounting for genotype uncertainty in the estimation of allele frequencies in autopolyploids
Authors: Blischak Paul D. , Kubatko Laura S. , Wolfe Andrea D.
Published: November 2015

Despite the increasing opportunity to collect large‐scale data sets for population genomic analyses, the use of high‐throughput sequencing to study populations of polyploids has seen little application. This is due in large part to problems associated with determining allele copy number in the genotypes of polyploid individuals (allelic dosage uncertainty–ADU), which complicates the calculation of important quantities such as allele frequencies. Here, we describe a statistical model to estimate biallelic SNP frequencies in a population of autopolyploids using high‐throughput sequencing data in the form of read counts. We bridge the gap from data collection (using restriction enzyme based techniques [e.g. GBS, RADseq]) to allele frequency estimation in a unified inferential framework using a hierarchical Bayesian model to sum over genotype uncertainty. Simulated data sets were generated under various conditions for tetraploid, hexaploid and octoploid populations to evaluate the model's performance and to help guide the collection of empirical data. We also provide an implementation of our model in the R package polyfreqs and demonstrate its use with two example analyses that investigate (i) levels of expected and observed heterozygosity and (ii) model adequacy. Our simulations show that the number of individuals sampled from a population has a greater impact on estimation error than sequencing coverage. The example analyses also show that our model and software can be used to make inferences beyond the estimation of allele frequencies for autopolyploids by providing assessments of model adequacy and estimates of heterozygosity.
Rotational Angiography Based Three‐Dimensional Left Atrial Reconstruction: A New Approach for Transseptal Puncture
Authors: Koektuerk Buelent , Yorgun Hikmet , Koektuerk Oezlem , Turan Cem H. , Gorr Eduard , Horlitz Marc , Turan Ramazan G.
Published: November 2015

Aim

Rotational angiography is a well‐known method for the three‐dimensional (3‐D) reconstruction of left atrium and pulmonary veins during left‐sided atrial arrhythmia ablation procedures. In our study, we aimed to review our experience in transseptal puncture (TSP) using 3‐D rotational angiography.

Methods

We included a total of 271 patients who underwent atrial fibrillation ablation using cryoballoon. Rotational angiography was performed to get the three‐dimensional left atrial and pulmonary vein reconstructions using cardiac C‐arm computed tomography. The image reconstruction was made using the DynaCT Cardiac software (Siemens, Erlangen, Germany).

Results

The mean age of the study population was 61 ± 10 years. The indications for left atrial arrhythmia ablation were paroxysmal AF in 140 patients (52%) and persistent AF patients in 131 (48%) patients. The success rate of TSP using only rotational guidance was (264/271 patients, 97.4%). In the remaining seven patients, transesophageal guidance was used after the initial attempt due to thick interatrial septum in five patients and difficult TSP due to abnormal anatomy and mild pericardial effusion in the remaining two patients. Mean fluoroscopy dosage of the rotational angiography was 4896.4 ± 825.3 μGym2. The mean time beginning from femoral vein puncture to TSP was 12.3 ± 5.5 min.

Conclusion

TSP guided by rotational angiography is a safe and effective method. Our results indicate that integration of rotational angiographic images into the real‐time fluoroscopy can guide the TSP during the procedure.
Range‐weighted metrics of species and phylogenetic turnover can better resolve biogeographic transition zones
Authors: Laffan Shawn W. , Rosauer Dan F. , Di Virgilio Giovanni , Miller Joseph T. , González‐Orozco Carlos E. , Knerr Nunzio , Thornhill Andrew H. , Mishler Brent D.
Published: November 2015

Understanding changes of biodiversity across the landscape underlies biogeography and ecology and is important in land management and conservation.

Measures of species and phylogenetic turnover used to estimate the rate of change of assemblages between sets of locations are more often influenced by wide‐ranging taxa. Transition zones between regions that are associated with range‐restricted taxa can be obscured by wide‐ranging taxa that span them.

We present a set of new range‐weighted metrics of taxon and phylogenetic turnover, as modifications of conventional metrics, where the range‐restricted components of the assemblages are assigned greater weight in the calculations. We show how these metrics are derived from weighted endemism and phylogenetic endemism and demonstrate their properties using a continent‐wide data set of Australian Acacia.

The range‐weighted metrics result in better delineated transition zones between regions, in that the rate of turnover is steeper than with conventional turnover measures. These metrics provide important complementary information for the interpretation of spatial turnover patterns derived from conventional turnover metrics. Additionally, the phylogenetic variant incorporates information about phylogenetic relatedness while also not saturating at high values of turnover, thus remaining useful for comparisons over greater distances than conventional turnover metrics.