bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of phosphorus fertilizer on growth characteristics and dry matter production of Styloshantes guianensis
Authors: Latief M F , Nohong B , Nompo S
Published: June 2020

The aim of this research was to determine the effect of the level of phosphorus fertilizer on the growth and dry matter production Stylosanthes guianensis. This research aimed to know the effect of phosphorus fertilizer application on growth and dry matter production of stylo (Stylosanthes guianensis). This research is based on a completely randomized design with four treatments and four replicates to obtain 16 experimental units. The treatments of this research are P0 (control), P1 (0.75 g TSP/polybag), P2 (1.5 g TSP/polybag), P3 (2.25 g TSP/polybag). The parameters were plant height, number of leaf branches, number of branches plant, dry matter production, and the number of nodules. The results showed that the treatments have not significantly affected (P>0.05) plant height, number of stems, number of branches, and dry matter production, but it had a highly significant effect (P<0.01) on the number of nodules. However, P3 treatment was better to use than the other treatments.
Substitutions of fish meal with larvae meal black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) on the performance of female quail
Authors: Yusuf M , Purwanti S , Mujnisa A
Published: June 2020

BSF larvae meal contains protein which is very high so that it can be used as a protein source to replace fish meal. This study aims to determine how much the use of BSF larvae meal in substituting fish meal for consumption, weight gain and feed conversion in quails. This study used 200 7-day-old female quails that were kept for 6 weeks 42 days with an average initial weight of ± 23 grams. This study uses a completely randomized design (CRD), which consists of 4 treatments and 5 replications. Using experimental ration: P0 Ration without addition of BSF larvae meal; P1 = BSF larvae meal 3.183% (6.67% crude protein of fish meal); P2 = BSF larvae meal 6.370% (3.34% crude protein of fish meal); P3 = BSF larvae meal 9.565% (0% crude protein of fish meal). The parameters measured were the amount of consumption, weight gain, quail carried out every week during the study and feed conversion rate as an indicator of the efficiency of ration use. The results showed that ration consumption and weight gain and feed conversion did not significant affect (P> 0.05) meaning substitution of fish meal with BSF larvae meal until P3 could be carried out without negatively affecting the performance of quails.
Substitution of fish meal with black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) meal to eggs production and physical quality of quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) eggs
Authors: Suparman  , Purwanti S , Nahariah N
Published: June 2020

This study was aimed to identify the effect of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) meal addition to the quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) egg production and physical quality. The material used in this study was a 6-week-old female quail totaling 120 birds kept for seven weeks. This study employed an experimental method and a completely randomized design. The addition of BSFL meal consisted of four different treatments with five replications of each treatment, i.e. P0: Ration without addition BSFL meal; P1: 3.18% BSFL meal (6.67% fish meal crude protein); P2: 6.37% BSFL meal (3.34% fish meal crude protein); P3: 9.56% BSFL meal (0% fish meal crude protein). The observed variables were egg production and the physical quality of quail eggs. The results of the study indicated that BSFL meal addition in quail did not significantly affect (P >0.05) on egg weight, haugh unit, egg yolk index and egg yolk color. Conversely, the addition of BSFL meal significantly affected (P<0.05) on egg production and eggshell thickness. The egg production of treatment eggs P0 and P1 was significantly (P <0.05) higher than P2 and P3. Egg production of P0 and P1 was significantly higher (P<0.05) than P2 and P3. The eggshell thickness of P0, P1 and P2 were significantly higher (P<0.05) than P3. The addition of BSFL meal at the concentration of 9.56% substituting 100% fish meal in quail feed did not affect negatively the egg weight, haugh unit, yolk index, and yolk color.
Quality of crude protein and crude fibre wafer complete feed based on rice straw fermented with Effective Microorganism 4 (EM-4)
Authors: Ali N , Suhartina  , Muktiani A , Pangestu E
Published: June 2020

This study aimed to determine the quality crude protein and crude fibre content of complete rations in the form of wafers made from rice straw fermented with EM 4. This study was carry out at the Laboratory of Feed Technology and Industry, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Hasanuddin University for proximate analysis during two months period. This study was an experimental method and arranged using a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of four treatments at different composition and three replications. The treatments in the present study were T1 = 0% concentrate + 79% Fermented rice straw + 10% Bran + 10% Molasses + 1% Urea; T2 = 25% concentrate + 75% of T1, T3 = 50% concentrate + 50% of T1; and T4 = 75% concentrate + 25% of T1. The variables measured were dry matter, crude protein, and crude fibre. Data were calculated using analysis of variance and further and continued by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test for the differences in the treatments. The results of this study showed that the quality of protein content and crude fibre in the form of complete wafer feed could be improve by using rice straw that fermented with EM-4. The improved quality of the content were to increase the content of crude protein and reduced the content of crude fibre.
Potential study and utilization of red fruit peels (Pandanus conoideus lam) as feed additive for native chicken production
Authors: Saragih D T R , Syamsu J A , Purwanti S , Pakiding W
Published: June 2020

Application of the use of red fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lam) as a feed additive needs to be developed because it has antioxidant properties and as a preventive disease drug. The purpose of this review is to examine the use of red fruit peels as feed additives for native chickens. A literature study conducted by reviewing several journals with the results of the study showed that the use of red fruit peels in poultry is still limited to broilers. Red fruit has known properties as a cancer-preventing drug, hypertension, diabetes, and even HIV. Red fruit contains beta-carotene, tocopherol, oleic acid, and linoleic acid. It also contains unsaturated fatty acids, namely oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, decanoic, omega 3, and omega 9. Parts used only in fruit juice, oil, and red fruit pulp, while the skin has not been utilized. Thus, the use of red fruit peels in free-range chickens as feed additives will provide new treasures in science and prospects for local, regional, national, and even international sluggish poultry fields.
Effects of weight and storage duration of hatching eggs of Indonesian Local Chicken on several measures of internal quality and hatchability
Authors: Rahardja D P , Hakim M R , Empra T , Sahrul  , Savitri R D
Published: June 2020

Hatchability and some internal qualities of hatching eggs of Indonesian Local Chicken (ILC) were investigated from different egg weights and storage durations. A total of 950 eggs (including 120 eggs for internal quality measurements) were collected and selected from a flock of INC aged 55 – 60 weeks reared in the University Farm, during 3-week production not consecutively. The research was arranged as a 6 x 4 factorial based on a randomized completely block design, using 6 levels of egg storage duration of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 days, and 4 levels of egg weight (EW), 3 replication of unequal individual amount in each replication unit. Before storing, the eggs in each group were classified according to their weights: (1) ≥35 - <40; (2).! 40 -< 45; (3) ≥ 45 - <50 and (4) ≥ 50 - < 55gr. All eggs were sterilized using alcohol 70%, numbered and stored at room temperature 26-27°C with relative humidity 60-70%. The results indicated that the proportion of egg weight loss of lighter egg at different storage duration was mostly significantly higher (P<0.05) than the heavier one. During storage, as the proportion of EW, albumen decreased, yolk and shell slightly increased. Based on correlation coefficient analysis, irrespective of storage duration and egg weight groups, the results indicated that egg weight losses were more closely associated (P<0.05) with alteration in albumen weight than other traits. Hatchability of fertile eggs (%) of all ranges of EW were significantly decreased with longer storage time, and the heavier decreased more significant than that of the lighter one, particularly after 3 d storage. Hatchability of EW more than 40 g showed better at 2 d storage duration compared to that of 1 d storage. Hatchability of EW up to 45 g was significantly better compared to those of heavier EW. In conclusion, hatchability of hatching fertile egg of ILC can be maintained at a level higher than 75% up to 3 d storage duration, and then its decrease was markedly for the weight of the eggs heavier than 50 g.
The role of biotechnology in animal production
Authors: Said S , Agung P P , Putra W P B , Kaiin E M
Published: June 2020

Biotechnology in animal production is widely used to increase not only the number of population of livestock animals to meet the requirement for world demand of animal products but also for endangered species to enhance the propagation and sustaining the current levels of biodiversity and genetic diversity. Biotechnologies can affect efficiency of reproduction and therefore also selection programs (artificial insemination, embryo transfer, sexing, cloning and other related techniques), improve determination of genetic values of animal (genetic markers, candidate genes and other related techniques, and biotechnologies can transform artificially the genome at the DNA level such as genetic engineering, gene transfer, and related techniques. The objective of this study was to review the importance of the most common current biotechnologies on animal production and some results that have been implemented in Indonesia.
Assessment of organoleptic quality in fermented chicken egg whites at different times
Authors: Milawati R , Nahariah N , Yuliati F N , Hikmah H
Published: June 2020

Egg are livestock product derived from highly nutritious poultry and are needed by living things such as protein, fat, vitamins and minerals in sufficient quantities. Eggs are generally used as food in cake making or as side dishes. Egg processing has not been done much especially as a drink. New innovations are needed to increase the value of the benefits of eggs. One new innovation that can be done is by processing fermented eggs. The purpose of this study was to assess the organoleptic quality of fermented chicken eggs white at different fermentation times. The number of panelists in this study were 20 panelists in the category of semi-trained. The panelists’ criteria were to consume eggs, aged 20-23 years, and sex, male and female. The research treatment is the fermentation time (hours) is 0, 6, 12, 18 and 24. The parameters assessed were organoleptic quality including aroma, taste, thickness, preference, and color. This study showed that there was a change of aroma, taste, preference and color with increasing fermentation time, but the thickness does not change during the fermentation process. The results showed that fermented egg whites at different times could improve the aroma and taste of eggs. The thickness of the egg white does not change during the fermentation process. However, the resulting color is yellowish white and is preferred. The organoleptic quality value of egg white changes during the fermentation time and is optimal at 6 hours of fermentation.
The influence of Moringa leaf flour ratio with smoke flour and maturation time on performance Bali beef Pectoralis profundus muscle characteristics
Authors: Abustam E , Said M I , Nahariah  , Yusuf M
Published: June 2020

The use of moringa leaves and coconut shell liquid smoke in the form of flour as an antioxidant in Balinese beef has been carried out to see changes in the functional properties of fresh meat during aging. One of the roles of antioxidants is to inhibit protein oxidation in meat during cold storage. The combination of moringa leaf flour and smoked flour as an antioxidant is used in the form of marination in the muscles of Pectoralis profundus during maturation at a temperature of 2-5° C for eight days. Maturation will improve the functional properties of meat that have an impact on improving the quality of fresh meat. This study used six male Bali cattle aged three years old from the MBC (Maiwa Breeding Center) in Enrekang and slaughtered at the Faculty of Animal Science Hasanuddin University. Pectoralis profundus muscle was dissected from the carcass after rigor mortis. Antioxidants used are 100% Moringa leaf flour and 20% smoke flour concentration. The experimental design used was a complete design with a 3 x 5 factorial pattern where factor 1: ratio of moringa leaf flour: smoked flour: 25%: 75%, 75%: 25%, and 50%: 50%, factor 2: maturation time; 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 days. The parameters observed were pH, water holding capacity (WHC), shear force value of cooked meat (SFCM), and cooking loss (CL) after the meat was cooked at 80° C for 30 minutes. The results of the study showed the ratio of Moringa leaf flour: smoked flour produces the values of the four parameters more or less the same even though there was a tendency of the ratio of 75: 25% better. While the maturation time produced the lowest pH on the sixth day, the highest WHC, the lowest SFCM, and CL on the second day, it can be concluded that maturation time improved the functional properties of Bali beef while the ratio of moringa leaf flour to smoked flour has not been able to improve the functional properties of Bali Beef.
The effect of liquid smoke on the properties of Bali beef performance in the feed block during fattening
Authors: Abustam E , Yusuf M , Said M I , Nahariah N
Published: June 2020

This study aimed to improve the quality of Bali beef cattle through the application of liquid smoke technology as an antioxidant in the feed supplement fattening livestock groups in Tanete Riaja District, Barru Regency. The limitation of feed for a particular season in the maintenance of Bali cattle is the main problem to improve livestock performance, especially the quality of meat. Feeding in the form of Urea Coconut Water Liquid Smoke Multi-Nutrient Block (UCSMB) has been carried out in Bali cattle for 45 days of fattening. The study used 12 male Bali cattle aged 2-3 years through a completely randomized factorial 3 x 3 pattern where the first factor was the concentration of liquid smoke; 0, 10, and 20%, while the second factor is the length of maturation; 0, 7 and 14 days. Muscle Longissimus dorsi dissection after slaughter and was then observed the quality of meat regarding pH, shear force value, and organoleptic assessment, i.e., meat tenderness and juiciness. The results of the research showed that the quality of Bali beef increased with increasing concentration of liquid smoke in feed block and maturation times.
Performance of an-estrus postpartum Bali cattle by additional feed of multiple nutrient molasses based on Indigofera
Authors: Utamy R F , Ako A , Toleng A L , Yusuf M
Published: June 2020

This study utilized Urea Multiplenutrient Molasses Block (UMMB) based on 40% of Indigofera flour to determine daily gain and performance of postpartum Bali Cattle. The parameters of the study were daily gain, chest depth, body length, and withers height. The UMMB consisting of rice bran, urea, coconut cake meal, shrimp waste meal, molasses, mineral, Indigofera flour, salt, and cement as an adhesive. This study was divided into two paddocks where each paddock consisted of 10 head an-estrus postpartum Bali Cattle. Subsequently, each paddock was arranged by different treatment consisted of control (without any treatments) and additional feed supplement of UMMB. The mean values of each parameter were compared by T-Test. The result revealed that the additional feed supplement of UMMB had significant effect on average daily gain (0,8 kg head day ) compared to the control treatment (0.2 kg head day ). The treatments had significant effect on chest circumference (0.2 ± 0.05 vs 0.3 ± 0.02 cm head day ) and body length (0.04 ± 0.01 vs 0.14 ± 0.05 cm head day ). In contrary, neither control nor additional feed supplement had no significantly effect (P = 0.55) to shoulder height of postpartum Bali Cattle (0.13 ± 0.03 vs 0.18 ± 0.06 cm head day ). Daily gain of an-estrus post-partum Bali cattle tended to be high by feed supplement of UMMB. Therefore, UMMB was appropriate for ruminant diet as a feed supplement.
Supplementation of matoa (Pometia pinnata) leaf extract and alginate suppressed the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in pasteurized milk
Authors: Triana A , Maruddin F , Malaka R
Published: June 2020

The usage of natural additives in pasteurized milk processing allows enhancing the functionality of the product. In this matter, matoa (Pometia enhancing) and alginate become a precious ingredient that exerts antimicrobial properties against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. This present work aimed to investigate the proper level of matoa leaf extract and alginate showing the best inhibitory effects on the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Completely randomized design with factorial was arranged, consisting of 2 factors: matoa leaf extracts (0%, 0.1%, 0.15%, dan 0.20%) and alginate (0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, dan 0.3%). The experiment was performed by triplicate. As a result, the treatments showed a wide range of inhibition towards S. aureus and E. coli from 2.68 to 10.48 mm and from 3.15 to 12.34 mm, respectively. In this case, matoa leaf extract was believed capable of suppressing the growth of both bacteria, and the inhibition seemed to increase as more extract was added. Meanwhile, alginate showed the antibacterial effect on E. coli, but not S. aureus. The higher level of alginate also produced more suppressing effects on the growth of E. coli. However, no interaction effect was found between matoa leaf extract and alginate in reducing the population of S. aureus and E. coli. In short, the best inhibition was achieved in the use of the matoa leaf extract of 0.20% and alginate of 0.2-0.3%.
The effect of brown rice flour on the quality of dangke nuggets during cold storage
Authors: Hatta W , Abustam E , Arham
Published: June 2020

Brown rice contains anthocyanin, which has an antioxidant activity that can inhibit the oxidation process in food during storage. This research aimed to determine the effect of brown rice flour levels substituting dangke on the quality of dangke nuggets for 14 days of cold storage. This research used a completely randomized design factorial pattern with two factors, i.e. the levels of brown rice flour (0%, 10%, and 20%) and the storage duration in the refrigerator (0 days, 7 days, and 14 days). The parameters analyzed included antioxidant activity with free radical scavenging activity DPPH method, pH and TBA values of dangke nuggets. The results showed that the levels of brown rice flour and storage duration had a very significant effect (P<0.01) on antioxidant activity, pH and TBA values of the product. The interaction between the two factors had a very significant effect (P<0.01) on the antioxidant activity and the TBA value of the product. The increased level of brown rice flour increased antioxidant activity and pH value; however, it decreased TBA value. Meanwhile, the increased storage duration increased antioxidant activity but decreased pH and TBA values of the product. Dangke nuggets with 10% and 20% brown rice flour levels had the same antioxidant activity on the 7th and 14th day of storage, and the same TBA value on the 14th day of storage. Dangke nuggets with 10% brown rice flour level could effectively inhibit the oxidation process of the product during 14 days of storage at cold temperatures.
Total bacteria and pH changes of matoa leaf-pasteurized milk in refrigerator storage
Authors: Handayani F F , Malaka R , Maruddin F
Published: June 2020

This study aimed to determine the shelf life of pasteurized milk with the addition of matoa leaf extract over a certain period of time and at 4°C. The material used in this study was 0.1% matoa leaf extract which was added to pasteurized milk. This study used a completely randomized design with five treatments and three replications. The treatment storage consisted of P0 (0 day); P1 (3 days); P2 (6 days); P3 (9 days); P4 (12 days). The parameters measured were the Total Plate Count (TPC) and pH values. The results of this study showed that the addition of matoa leaf extract did not significantly influence the decrease in the number of bacteria during storage process. Conversely, the addition of matoa leaf extract significantly influenced the pH during the storage period.
The effect from different level of Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon Linn) leaf extract and storage duration on the quality of duck eggs
Authors: Mukhlisah A N , Abustam E , Maruddin F
Published: June 2020

Eggs are one of perishable food products and a very short shelf life. If the eggs are left in the opened air (room temperature), it is lasting only for about 10-14 days. After these days, the eggs undergo alteration of the damage such as evaporation of water content, foul smelling and changing taste. Efforts to overcome the damage, it is necessary to perform preservation. Preservation can be done by marinating. Marinating eggs can be conducted by soaking with various solutions such as lime water or vegetable tanners containing tannins. Melinjo leaves contain high levels of tannins 4.55% which are expected to be one of the vegetable tanning materials. The experiment was conducted in the Laboratory of Animal Technology. This study was used 176 duck eggs that were arranged using completely randomized design (CRD) of factorial pattern 4 x 4 with 3 replications, and consisting of 2 factors. The first factor was the levels of melinjo extract ( 0%, 30%, 40% and 50% ) and the second factor was storage duration (1, 14, 21 and 28 days, respectively ). The results of this study showed that higher levels of leaf melinjo extract, the Haugh unit (HU) value was increased and the depth of the air cavity was decreased. The longer of the storage duration, the lower of HU value of yolk index. On the other hand, the depth of air cavity, depreciation, were increased. In brief, Melinjo leaf extract (30%) can be used as a preservative of duck eggs.
Titratable acidity and pH changes of pasteurized milk by addition of Roselle flower extract in the refrigerator storage
Authors: Fauziah R , Malaka R , Yuliati F N
Published: June 2020

Pasteurized milk is milk that is heated below the boiling point in order to kill the pathogenic bacteria in the milk, but bacterial spores and certain bacteria have not been killed, resulting in the relatively short shelf life of pasteurized milk. One of the damages caused by bacteria is the increased acidity in pasteurized milk during storage. Roselle flower (Hibiscus
sabdariffa LINN) extract is expected to be one of the natural preservatives in pasteurized milk. This study was aimed to determine the effect of increasing the level of Roselle flower extract and storage time on pH and total acid titrated pasteurized milk. The research design used was a completely randomized design factorial pattern 3×4 with three replications. A factor was the level of Roselle extract 0%, 2% and 4%, while B factor was storage time consist of 0, 3, 6 and 9 days which was repeated three times. The parameters measured in this study were the pH value and total titrated acid. Based on the results of the study showed that the addition of Roselle flower extract level and storage time significantly affected the pH value and total titrated acid. As the level of Roselle extracts increased, the pH value decreased and the total acidity of pasteurized milk titrated increased. Prolonged storage caused a lower pH and increased the total titrated acid. The study concluded that pasteurized milk with the addition of Roselle flower extract had implications for decreasing pH and a smaller increase in total titrated acid during storage compared to pasteurized milk without Roselle flower extract.
Microbial qualities of rabbit meat fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum
Authors: Fadlilah A , Rosyidi D , Susilo A
Published: June 2020

Rabbit meat had been known as the high protein content of meat. Protein was derived from peptides that it was a bioactive component and potential for human health. The bioactive component of meat could be obtained by proteolysis. Fermentation was one of the methods for meat proteolysis. Lactobacillus (L.) plantarum is one of the microorganisms for meat fermentation. This study aimed to determine the effect of adding L. plantarum and fermentation time of rabbit meat on Total Plate Count (TPC), Acid Lactic Bacteria (LAB) total, Titratable acidity and pH. The method was an experimental using factorial randomized block design. The first factor was concentration of L. plantarum (0%, 6%, 8% and 10%) and the second factor was fermentation time of meat (12 hours, 18 hours and 24 hours). The results showed that L. plantarum concentration had no effect on LAB total and TPC, while fermentation time had a significant effect (P<0.01) on TPC and on LAB total (P <0.05). L. plantarum concentration and fermentation time had a significant effect (P <0.01) on titratable acidity, and on pH (P<0.05). As conclusion, the best rabbit meat fermented with L. plantarum concentration was 10% and the fermentation time was 18 hours.
A review of Encapsulated liquid smoke
Authors: Andy  , Abustam E , Malaka R , Purwanti S
Published: June 2020

Liquid smoke is the condensation result of wood pyrolysis. It contains lots of compounds formed by constituent pyrolysis process such as cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Lignin can be used to produce organic acids, phenols, carbonyl that become the compound of natural antibiotics, antioxidants, antibiotic, disinfectants, or as biopesticides and food preservation. Those compounds have different proportions such as type, wood moisture and pyrolysis temperature. Liquid smoke from wood can be used as natural antibiotics contains compounds that can be extracted such as phenol derivatives, which can inhibit microbes’ growth. There are many studies about raw materials of liquid smoke such as: rice husk, coconut shell, Meranti sawdust, corncob and cinnamon. Based on literature study, Liquid smoke from coconut shell has percentage phenol 2.24%, total acid 15.7% highest than other material. Followed by the lowest pH 1.41. It can be concluded liquid smoke from coconut shell can be used natural antibiotics in animals. Coconut shell liquid smoke as a natural antibiotic has limitation in distribution and susceptible to physical and chemical changes during storage. Therefore, it was necessary to developed encapsulation of coconut shell liquid smoke. The functional properties of liquid smoke microcapsules can be maintained by using chitosan and maltodextrin as encapsulant. The aims of this review are to understand coconut shell as the best raw material of liquid smoke, after being encapsulated that can be used as natural antibiotics in animals. Based on literature study, coconut shell liquid smoke encapsulated using maltodextrin-chitosan has pH (2.70 ± 0.08), total acid (2.70 ± 0.08%) and total phenol (4.40 ± 0.05%). The paper stresses the need for more studies on using of liquid smoke encapsulated of coconut shell as natural antibiotics in animals.
The activities of the integration of oil palm and cattle (ISAPI) by group of farmer and its development strategy in Lamandau district, Central Kalimantan Province
Authors: Utomo B N , Widjaja E
Published: June 2020

The sustainable cattle farming approach is integrated with plants and the most potential is the oil palm plantation industry, because the potential of feed resources is cheap and abundant available. The research activities carried out in the Farmer Group in Lamandau district after 3 years of introduction of oil palm-cattle integration (ISaPi) through the introduction of technology for making organic fertilizer and complete feed based on the oil palm plantation industry. The information was obtained from primary data through interviews with farmer groups and key informants from the Agriculture Service and PBS of Oil palm during the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and secondary data was obtained from study desks. Field survey was also conducted. Data were analyzed descriptively and SWOT. Lamandau Regency is ideal for developing ISaPi activities, because of the potential feed resources from the oil palm plantation industry, in the form of oil palm fronds, solid palm oil and palm kernel meal (BIS). Oil palm plantations in Lamandau District with an area of 175,480.46 ha if only 25% of ISaPi activities have the potential to develop livestock around 73,977 animals throughout the year, due to the supply of solid palm oil from 1 PKS, forage in the oil palm area and oil palm fronds. There are 10 farmer of groups and One individual that consistently applies ISaPi activities with various models of application adjusted to the availability of human resources, access to palm oil mills (PKS) and capital from each farmer group. The difference in the application of ISaPi is in the formulation of animal feed (solid palm only or complete feed) and the allotment of organic fertilizer that was produces. Increased productivity and income from the farming is a major factor in ISaPi’s activities keep it running. The strategy for developing of ISaPi activities in Lamandau District by taking into account existing of internal and external factors is to maximize the utilization of the potential of existing resources to increase farm productivity (palm, livestock and horticulture) and diversify farm income by applying technology that is already available and controlled by groups of farmer. With the application of technology, it will be able to increase the added value of products which it was produced. The limiting factors such as access to PKS, product marketing and capital were need support and commitment from related parties, especially the local government and this has been initiated by the local government.
Exploring SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms) of Myostatin gene in coding region in Bali cattle
Authors: Aliyya W L N , Noor R R , Jakaria
Published: June 2020

The gene MSTN is a member of the superfamily growth gene transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) that functions to suppress muscle growth. The purpose of this study was to analyze the polymorphisms of MSTN genes in the coding region (exon 1, 2, and 3) in Bali cattle kept at the Breeding Center for Bali cattle (BPTU-HPT) in Denpasar. The number of samples used was 52 heads male of Bali cattle aged 2-3 years. SNP identification was done by amplifying the coding region, exon 1, exon 2 and exon 3 MSTN genes using direct sequencing method. Analysis of MSTN gene sequences in Bali cattle was carried out by using the BioEdit and MEGA7 programs. The present study found a total of 18 SNP mutations namely point mutation that are 4 SNP (g.313 C>A, g.324 T>A, g.330 T>G, g.400 G>A) in exon 1, 1 SNP (g.2609 G>A) in exon 2, and 13 SNP (g.4821 C>A, g.4838 C>T, g.4842 A>C, g.4849 T>C, g.4868 C>A, g.4873 C>G, g.4900 T>G, 4905 C>G, g.4957 C>G, g.4959 C>A, g.4969 T>A, g.4974 T>C, g.5044 C>A) in exon 3. SNPs found in the MSTN gene in Bali cattle might be used as candidates for Marker Assisted Selection, especially in Bali cattle.
Cleavage ability of in vitro embryos of bali cattle based on different reproductive status of ovary at 48 hours after fertilization process
Authors: Hasbi H , Sonjaya H , Gustina S
Published: June 2020

This study aims to determine the ability of in vitro embryo cleavage of Bali cattle 48 hours after the fertilization process based on different ovarian reproductive status. Ovaries from abattoirs are grouped into four categories: ovaries without corpus luteum and dominant follicles (-CL and -FD), without corpus luteum and with dominant follicles (-CL and + FD), with corpus luteum and without dominant follicle (+ CL and -FD), and with corpus luteum and dominant follicles (+ CL and + FD). After that, oocytes are collected by slicing and only oocytes with a cytoplasmic are homongent and have compact cumulus cells used in the study. The selected oocytes are then matured in an incubator of 5% CO2, a temperature of 38.5 °C for 24 hours. After maturation, in vitro fertilization was carried out using fertilization media with a final concentration of spermatozoa 1.5 x 106 spermatozoa/ml. Oocytes 5-6 after fertilization were washed 3 times using CR1aa media then cultured in 5% CO2 incubator, temperature 38.5 °C for 48 hours. After 48 hours the culture was evaluated for the ability of embryo cleavage. The results showed that the number of embryos capable of cleave to stage 2 cells were not significantly different (P>0.05) in all treatments (1.64 ± 0.38% vs 8.00 ± 0.90% vs. 4.85 ± 0.96% vs. 8.22 ± 1.86%), while the number of embryos capable of cleave reached stage 4 cells (11.48 ± 0.82% vs 24.00 ± 2.64% vs. 24.27 ± 2.23% vs. 10.96 ± 0.69%), 8 cells (11.48 ± 1.15% vs 8.00 ± 1.07% vs. 26.21 ± 2.79 % vs 15.07 ± 1.40%), 16 cells (0.00 ± 0.00% vs 1.33 ± 0.38% vs. 4.85 ± 0.76% vs. 1.37 ± 0.38%), and the ability of embryos cleavage (24.59 ± 11.60% vs 41.33 ± 24.32% vs. 60.19 ± 22.45 % vs. 35.62 ± 10.83%) was significantly higher (P<0.05) in the ovaries with corpus luteum and without dominant follicles (+ CL and – FD). Conclusion, the ability of embryo division to reach 4 cells, 8 cells, and 16 cells after 48 hours culture was higher in the ovaries with corpus luteum and without dominant follicles (+ CL and – FD).
Conception rate of Bali cows inseminated with semen of the bull supplemented with Moringa Oleifera Leaf (MOL) powder block
Authors: Hasrin  , Toleng A L , Yusuf M , Sahiruddin  , Hasbi H
Published: June 2020

Lower conception rate of cows in the tropics might be affected by low quality of semen collected from bulls consumed low quality food. This study was conducted to evaluate the conception rate of Bali cows inseminated with semen of the bulls supplemented with Moringa oleifera leaf (MOL) powder blocks. There were 26 Bali cows 3-4 years of age, non-pregnant and having corpus luteum, used in this study. All animals were injected with 2 ml of PGF2α (juramate) to induce and to synchronize the estrous. They were divided into 2 groups, group 1 (G1, n=16) were inseminated with semen of bulls supplemented with MOL powder blocks. Group 2 (G0, n=10) were inseminated with commercially available semen. All cows were artificially inseminated 48 hours after the PGF injection. Pregnancy diagnosis were perfomed by rectal palpation 60 days after the insemination. The mean diffents between the two treatments were analyzed by chi-squared analysis. All animals in the two treatments came in oestrus after the PGF injection. Thirteen (13) out of 16 cows (81%) and 7 out of 10 cows (70%) detected in pregnant, respectively for G1 and G0. Although statistical analysis showed that there was not different between the two treatments (P>0.05), but economically, the treatment of G1 could increase 11 % of conception rate. It can be concluded that the supplementation of MOL powder block could increase the conception rate of Bali cows.
Efforts to improve reproductive efficiency in dairy heifers experiencing delayed puberty using heatsynch protocol
Authors: Fausiah A , Toleng A L , Yusuf M , Sahiruddin  , Ramadhanty D , Mansur M
Published: June 2020

The aim of this study was to find out the application of Heatsynch protocol in overcome the delayed puberty of dairy heifers that suffered from infertility. This study was conducted at small dairy farms in Sub-district of Cendana, Enrekang Regency, Indonesia. The study was conducted in two stages. In the first stage, a total of 50 dairy heifers were used to determine the percentage of heifers that experienced delay in puberty. In the second stage, 20 dairy heifers with delayed puberty were divided into two groups. The first group, 10 dairy heifers were treated with Heatsynch and the other 10 dairy heifers were used as negative control (without Heatsynch). For control positive, 10 dairy heifers that did not suffered from delayed puberty were used. In Heatsynch treated dairy heifers, GnRH were injected on day-0, followed by PGF2α, estradiol injections on day-7 and day-8, respectively, and inseminated artificially on day-9. The results of this study showed that the percentage of dairy heifers that experienced in delayed puberty was 44%. The mean age at first pregnant after treated with Heatsynch was 545 days, shorter than those heifers in control negative (644 days). The percentage of dairy heifers become pregnant after treating with Heatsynch was 80%, higher than those untreated delayed puberty heifers (50%). It can be concluded that the incidence of delayed puberty in dairy heifers was still high. Heatsynch protocol can be one way that can be used to overcome the problem of delayed puberty in dairy heifers and to improve reproductive efficiency.
The effectiveness of Heatsynch protocol in dairy cows with abnormalities of reproductive organ
Authors: Mansur M , Yusuf M , Toleng Latief A , Rahardja D P , Sahiruddin  , Ramadhanty D , Fausiah A
Published: June 2020

The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of abnormalities of reproductive organs, and to determine the effectiveness of Heatsynchprotocol in dairy cows that suffered from abnormalities of reproductive organs. This study was conducted in smallholder dairy farms in Panette, Cendana Sub-district, Enrekang Regency and the study was conducted in two stages. The first stage; a total of 77 dairy cows were used to determine the incidence of reproductive organs abnormalities. The second stage; a total of 20 dairy cows that suffered from reproductive organs abnormalities were divided into two groups. The first 10 dairy cows were treated with Heatsynch, and the other 10 dairy cows were used as a negative control (without Heatsynch treatment). For positive control, 10 dairy cows that did not suffered from abnormalities of reproduction organs were used. The results of this study showed that the incidence of reproductive organs abnormalities was 36.4% and the highest of abnormalities was uterine disorders at 26%. The percentage of cows suffered from reproductive organs abnormalities that became pregnant after treated with Heatsynch was 60%, while none cows become pregnant without treatment. The average interval from calving to pregnancy in Heatsynch group was 512 days, and in control negative cows, none become pregnant up to 557 days after calving. It can be concluded that the incidence of abnormalities of reproductive organs in dairy cattle was still high. The Heatsynchprotocol can improve the abnormalities of the reproductive organs in the dairy cows and improve reproductive efficiency by increase the pregnancy rate and shortening calving interval.
The optimum time of artificial insemination in Simmental cross cow
Authors: Firmiaty S , Idrus M , Amir M , Toleng A L
Published: June 2020

Artificial insemination (AI) conducted not at the optimum time might cause the low conception rate in beef cattle kept under extensive and semi extensive conditions. The aim of this research was to evaluate the optimum time of artificial insemination which shows a high conception rate in Simmental cross cows kept under semi extensive condition. There were 75 Simmental cross cows kept under semi extensive by farmers at Bone District, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. They were divided into 3 groups of 25 cows. Group 1 (G1) were inseminated 12 h after the onset of estrus, Group 2 (G2) were inseminated 24 h after the onset of estrus and Group 3 (G3) were inseminated 36 h after the onset of estrus. All cows inseminated using Simmental bulls frozen semen by 1 professional inseminator. The cows returned to estrus after the first AI was served for the second AI. The variables observed were conception rate (CR) and service per conception (S/C). The significant difference between the group was analyzed by chi-square analysis. Conception rate in G1 was significantly (P<0.05) lower (56%) compared to those in G2 (80%) and G3 (80%), respectively. A similar response was detected for S/C. Service per conception in the G1 group was significantly (P<0.05) higher (1.92) compared to those in G2 (1.28) and G3 (1.32), respectively. It can be concluded that optimum time for artificial insemination in Simmental cross breed cows was 24 h after the onset of estrus.
Isolation and characterization of collagen from local goat bone using pepsin hydrolysis
Authors: Rifqi  , Jamhari  , Erwanto Y
Published: June 2020

Goat bone is one of by-product which has not commonly used in Indonesia. Collagen is one of proteins which contained a bone which characterizing its uniq function. The purpose of experiment was to isolate and characterize collagen from local goat bone with pepsin enzymatic hydrolysis in various concentration. The experiment consisted of bone preparation, Isolating by leaching method, and the hydrolysis of collagen bone using pepsin enzyme in various concentration (0.1; 0.3; 0.5; and 1%). Variables observed were collagen yield, soluble protein, pH, Fourier Tansform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra, thermal stability using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and molecular weight using Sodium Dodesyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The results showed that soluble protein concentration of collagen solution was not affected by pepsin concentrations. The soluble protein of 0.1; 0.3; 0.5 and 1 % of enzym were 0.203±0,013; 0.244±0,045; 0.295±0,065; and 0.257±0,066 mg/ml for, respectively. The results of collagen yield was significant, and it were 7.12; 7.54; 13.3; dan 8.81 %. The results of pH showed significant, it was 6.37; 5.96; 6.88; 5.92. The FTIR spectra showed that all of the sample has not changed into gelatin. The thermal stability in DSC analysis showed that the collagen start to gelation at 56.72 to 57.40 °C and Tmax for each sample were 128.20; 189.32; 131.35; 124.43 °C, respectively. In conclusion, collagen could be isolated from goat bone using enzymatic treatment and showed the fine properties as well as collagen from skin.
Role and function of gelatin in the development of the food and non-food industry: A review
Authors: Said M I
Published: June 2020

Gelatin is a product of the partial hydrolysis of collagen in livestock. Gelatin has been used extensively in the food and non-food industries. Gelatin has a hydrocolloid form and plays an important role in influencing the properties of industrial products. Global gelatin demands is increasing every year along with the increasing human need for food and non-food industrial products. The properties of gelatin are influenced by the properties of collagen. Collagen is a derivative of fibrous protein which has an enormous role and benefit in forming gelatin molecules. Collagen is a long polypeptide chain that makes up about 50 to 1000 amino acid chains. The amino acid chain is dominated by the amino acids glycine, proline and hydroxyproline. Various studies related to the properties of gelatin produced from livestock and fish tissues have developed rapidly. Currently researchers have developed livestock and fish waste as an alternative source of gelatin. Alternative sources of gelatin have been widely published as an effort to find halal and hygienic sources of gelatin.
Potential development of poultry feather waste resources as raw material in industry: A review
Authors: Said M I
Published: June 2020

Feather waste is a type of livestock by-product which is quite abundant. Feather waste production is influenced by the amount of poultry slaughter. In Indonesia, the poultry population occupies the highest number compared to other livestock populations. The large amount of feather waste production will also trigger livestock waste production. Various attempts have been made by researchers and industry to process and utilize this waste. Increasing the added value of feather waste is expected to be able to contribute to reducing the rate of waste production. Feather waste has been widely used in the poultry industry as animal feeds ingredients. In addition, Feather waste has also been used as a medium in sports activities and furniture raw materials through the production of home industries. Currently, the development of research by scientists related to alternatives to the use of feather waste has been growing rapidly. Various challenges to reduce the production of feather waste have been carried out to create environmentally friendly products. The purpose of this review was aims to evaluate the development of the latest research technology related to the potential and use of poultry feather waste as raw material in the industrial field.
Population dynamic of red snapper (Lutjanus gibbus) at Alor waters East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia
Authors: Pakro A , Mallawa A , Sudirman  , Amir F
Published: June 2020

This study aims to analyze the population dynamics of red snapper in Alor waters, conducted from March 2018 to March 2019. Fish total length data is collected from red snapper fishermen twice a week using a stratified random method. Size structure, cohort numbers and average length of fish per cohort using Bhattacharya method, asymptotic length and growth rate using Ford and Walford methods, total mortality, capture and natural using linearized length converted catch curve using Pauly methods, exploitation rate and Y/R by Beverton and Holt methods. The results show that red snapper measuring 180-555 mm, male 220 - 555 mm, females 180 - 330 mm, consisting of four cohort, L∞ 594.25 mm, K 0.69 per year, F, M, and E are 0.84, 0.63 and 0.56 per year respectively, the actual Y/R and Y/R are optimal at 0.0773 and 0.0989 grams per recruitment. The conclusion that catches are dominated by young and pre-adult fish, population consists of four cohort, fish in the population quickly reach L∞, the ratio of F and M rate are greater than one (F/M> 1), high F rates cause high rate of E and impact on the recruitment process that is not optimal.
Characteristics of immunocompetence in Indonesian chickens
Authors: Al-Habib M F , Sumantri C , Murtini S , Gunawan A , Sartika T , Ulupi N
Published: June 2020

The concentration of IgY in the body is often associated with resistance to bacterial infections, whereas ND specific antibody titters are indicated as resistance to viral infections. The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics of IgY and ND titters in newly released chickens, and to compare them with native chickens spread in the community. This research used 286 IPB-D1 chickens, Jatiwangi Sentul chickens, and Sensi-1 chicken. IgY concentration were analyzed using the ELISA method, and ND titters were analyzed using the HI test. The results of the study showed high IgY concentrations were found in IPB-D1 chickens (10.10) and Sensi-1 chickens (10.63), while moderate IgY concentrations were found in jatiwangi sentul chickens (8.63). The results of ND titters showed that the chicken IPB-D1 (2.08) and Sensi-1 chicken (2.54) were higher than Sentul Jatiwangi chickens (0.70). It could be concluded that IPB-D1 chickens and Sensi-1 chickens are more resistant to disease infections than other chickens. The disease resistance selection program in Sentul Sensi-1 chickens, and the utilization of the heterosis effect through the crossing program in chickens IPB-D1 has been shown to increase good disease resistance indicators. Selection and crossbreeding programs in IPB-D1 and Sensi-1 chicken have been proven to increase resistance characteristics.