bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wastewater influences nitrogen dynamics in a coastal catchment during a prolonged drought
Authors: Bruesewitz Denise A. , Hoellein Timothy J. , Mooney Rae F. , Gardner Wayne S. , Buskey Edward J.
Published: May 2017

Ecosystem function measurements can enhance our understanding of nitrogen (N) delivery in coastal catchments across river and estuary ecosystems. Here, we contrast patterns of N cycling and export in two rivers, one heavily influenced by wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), in a coastal catchment of south Texas. We measured N export from both rivers to the estuary over 2 yr that encompass a severe drought, along with detailed mechanisms of N cycling in river, tidal river, and two estuary sites during prolonged drought. WWTP nutrient inputs stimulated uptake of N, but denitrification resulting in permanent N removal accounted for only a small proportion of total uptake. During drought periods, WWTP N was the primary source of exported N to the estuary, minimizing the influence of episodic storm‐derived nutrients from the WWTP‐influenced river to the estuary. In the site without WWTP influence, the river exported very little N during drought, so storm‐derived nutrient pulses were important for delivering N loads to the estuary. Overall, N is processed from river to estuary, but sustained WWTP‐N loads and periodic floods alter the timing of N delivery and N processing. Research that incorporates empirical measurements of N fluxes from river to estuary can inform management needs in the face of multiple anthropogenic stressors such as demand for freshwater and eutrophication.
Biological cycling of volatile organic carbon by phytoplankton and bacterioplankton
Authors: Halsey Kimberly H. , Giovannoni Stephen J. , Graus Martin , Zhao Yanlin , Landry Zachary , Thrash J. Cameron , Vergin Kevin L. , de Gouw Joost
Published: May 2017

Acetaldehyde, methanol, acetone, and isoprene are important reactive volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the oceans that partition to the atmosphere in significant amounts. Reports of potentially high rates of VOC turnover in the North Atlantic suggested that both biotic and abiotic processes are involved. The biological basis for VOC cycling by ocean plankton is unknown, but is potentially important because of VOC contributions to carbon cycle budgets and atmospheric chemistry. We designed dynamic stripping chambers that coupled to a proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer to measure VOC production and consumption by cultured phytoplankton and bacterioplankton. The diatom, Thalassiosira pseudonana, produced acetaldehyde in a light‐dependent manner. Acetaldehyde was oxidized by the chemoheterotrophic bacterium, Pelagibacter, at rates that suggest that most acetaldehyde is recycled in the ocean before escaping to the atmosphere. These results show that field observations of acetaldehyde turnover reported previously could be explained by biological activity. Rates of production by phytoplankton cultures of methanol, acetone, and isoprene were also measured. These findings support the conclusion that VOCs are a conduit for carbon transfer directly from phytoplankton to bacterioplankton, with the remainder available for escape to the atmosphere.
Effect of Comonomers on Physical Properties and Cell Attachment to Silica‐Methacrylate/Acrylate Hybrids for Bone Substitution
Authors: Chung Justin J. , Sum Brian S. T. , Li Siwei , Stevens Molly M. , Georgiou Theoni K. , Jones Julian R.
Published: May 2017

Hybrids with a silica network covalently bonded to a polymer are promising materials for bone repair. Previous work on synthesizing methyl methacrylate (MMA) based copolymers by reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization gives high tailorability of mechanical properties since sophisticated polymer structures can be designed. However, more flexible hybrids would be beneficial. Here, n‐butyl methacrylate (BMA) and methyl acrylate (MA) based hybrids are produced. Unlike MMA, BMA and MA hybrids do not show plastic deformation, and BMA hybrid has strain to failure of 33%. Although the new hybrids are more flexible, preosteoblast cells do not adhere on their surfaces, due to higher hydrophobicity and lower stiffness. Comonomer choice is crucial for bone regenerative hybrids.

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Evolution of sensory neuropathy after initiation of antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Centner Chad M. , Little Francesca , Van Der Watt Johan J. , Vermaak John‐Randel , Dave Joel A. , Levitt Naomi S. , Heckmann Jeannine M.
Published: May 2017

Introduction

We studied the evolution of sensory neuropathy after antiretroviral therapy (ART) in human immunodeficiency virus–infected South Africans.

Methods

Enrolment commenced before ART with 6‐monthly follow‐ups for 24 months. Symptomatic distal sensory polyneuropathy (SDSP) was defined as one symptom and sign. Symptom/sign scores were compared between visits.

Results

We enrolled 184 participants. Pre‐ART, 16% had SDSP. After 18 months of ART, pain prevalence decreased in those with pre‐ART SDSP (odds ratio [OR], 0.09; 95% confidence interval [95%CI], 0.03‐0.29). Symptoms improved in 50% ever experiencing pain (mean improvement = 4.5 on 11‐point scale). Participants SDSP‐free pre‐ART developed SDSP at a rate of 18 per 100 person‐years. After 24 months (n = 102), 18% had SDSP. Stavudine (60% of cohort) did not predict incident SDSP, but associated with increased prevalence of reduced/absent reflexes at 18 months (OR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.08‐4.65).

Discussion

Painful symptoms improved during ART. Evolving sensory neuropathy was due to increasing small and large fiber dysfunction. Muscle Nerve 57: 371–379, 2018
Real‐life patterns of use, safety and effectiveness of sunitinib in first‐line therapy of metastatic renal cell carcinoma: the SANTORIN cohort study
Authors: Noize Pernelle , Grelaud Angela , Bay Jacques‐Olivier , Chevreau Christine , Gross‐Goupil Marine , Culine Stéphane , Ferrière Jean‐Marie , Moulin Flore , Robinson Philip , Balestra Aurelie , Lamarque Stéphanie , Bernard Marie‐Agnès , Lassalle Régis , Rouyer Magali , Droz‐Perroteau Cécile , Moore Nicholas , Fourrier‐Réglat Annie , Ravaud Alain
Published: June 2017

Purpose

To investigate sunitinib in the real‐life first‐line treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC).

Methods

SANTORIN is a French observational multicentre cohort. Patients initiating sunitinib in first‐line mRCC therapy were included (January 2008 to April 2010) and followed for 24 months. Data were collected from medical files. The outcomes were 24‐month overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS), response and safety.

Results

Three hundred two patients were included: median age, 64.8 years; male, 73.2%; clear cell mRCC, 83.1%; prior nephrectomy, 85.4%; >1 metastatic sites, 64.2%; brain metastases, 6.3%; ECOG‐PS ≥ 2, 9.9%. Median duration of first‐line therapy with sunitinib was 10.7 months. Initial sunitinib dose was 50 mg/day for 83.4% of patients; dose reduction occurred in 65.2%. Sunitinib was discontinued in 73.2% of the patients: for progression (61.1%), death (31.2%) or adverse events (6.8%). More than half (58.3%) had grade ≥3 adverse events, mainly hypertension (12.6%) and hand–foot syndrome (12.3%). The 24‐month OS and PFS rates [95%CI] were 49.5% [43.7;55.0] and 16.4% [12.5;20.9], respectively. Median OS was 23.6 months [20.2;–] and median PFS 8.4 months [7.6;9.9]. Overall best response rate was 31.1%.

Conclusions

Results from this large observational study suggest that effectiveness of sunitinib in first‐line mRCC as predicted by clinical trials is maintained in real‐life clinical practice. The expected benefit in poor‐prognosis patients that were not evaluated in the pivotal clinical trial remains; however, questionable and long‐term safety monitoring is still warranted. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical Importance of Monitoring Unbound Valproic Acid Concentration in Patients with Hypoalbuminemia
Authors: Doré Maxime , San Juan Adriana E. , Frenette Anne Julie , Williamson David
Published: June 2017

Study Objective

Because the pharmacokinetic evaluation of valproic acid (VPA) based on total drug concentration may be misleading in patients with hypoalbuminemia as a result of saturable protein binding and saturable metabolism, we sought to investigate the usefulness of therapeutic drug monitoring of unbound VPA concentration in a real‐world clinical context, with a focus on clinically significant neurologic adverse outcomes.

Design

Retrospective analysis.

Setting

Large academic tertiary care hospital in Montreal, Canada.

Patients

Forty‐one adults, hospitalized or followed as outpatients, for whom unbound VPA concentration testing was performed between January 1, 2008, and April 30, 2015. Patients were retrospectively identified by using the hospital's central laboratory database.

Measurements and Main Results

In the multiple linear regression analysis, the two variables that significantly predicted unbound VPA concentration were total VPA concentration (p<0.001) and albumin concentration (p<0.001). The correlation between total VPA concentration and the number of neurologic adverse symptoms was 0.187 (p=0.241), whereas the correlation between unbound VPA concentration and the number of neurologic adverse symptoms was 0.384 (p=0.013). The performance of total and unbound VPA concentrations in predicting the presence of at least one neurologic adverse symptom, as determined by the receiver operating characteristic curve, was 0.642 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.449–0.836, p=0.167) and 0.776 (95% CI 0.629–0.923, p=0.007), respectively.

Conclusion

This study showed that in the presence of hypoalbuminemia, high unbound VPA concentrations can be observed despite normal or low total VPA concentrations. It also demonstrated that high unbound VPA concentrations are associated with clinically significant neurologic adverse symptoms. Clinicians should be aware that unbound VPA concentration monitoring may be required in the presence of hypoalbuminemia.
Is salivary IgA level a potential biomarker for immunosuppression in HIV‐positive children? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Javed Fawad , Akram Zohaib , Binshabaib Munerah Saleh , ALHarthi Shatha Subhi , Kellesarian Sergio Varela , Vohra Fahim
Published: June 2017

The aim of this systematic review was to determine whether or not assessment of salivary secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) levels could be a potential biomarker for immunosuppression in HIV‐positive children. The Patient, Exposure, Comparative, Outcome question was “Is sIgA level a potential biomarker for immunosuppression in HIV‐positive children?” Electronic and manual literature searches were conducted in indexed databases (MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, ScienceDirect, and SCOPUS databases) up to and including June 2017. The primary outcome was total mean salivary levels of IgA among HIV seropositive and seronegative children (controls). The weighted mean differences (WMD) of outcomes and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for total mean salivary IgA levels were calculated using a random effect model. Six studies were included. Three studies showed significantly lower salivary IgA levels in HIV‐infected children compared with controls. Two studies showed comparable IgA levels in HIV infected and controls. One study showed significantly higher levels of salivary IgA in HIV‐infected children as compared to controls. Considering the total mean salivary IgA levels among HIV seropositive and seronegative children, a high degree of heterogeneity (Q value = 254.09, P < .0001, I2 = 98.82%) was noticed among both groups. The overall WMD was not significant (WMD = −1.18, 95% CI, −1.91 to −0.44, P = .39). Whether salivary IgA level is a potential biomarker for immunosuppression in HIV‐positive children remains debatable because of limited information available in the current literature. Further, high‐quality case‐control studies with larger sample size and more solid methodological aspects are required.
‐based optimal sparse sliding mode control for networked control systems
Authors: Argha Ahmadreza , Li Li , Su Steven W.
Published: May 2017

This paper is devoted to the problem of designing a sparsely distributed sliding mode control for networked systems. Indeed, this note uses a distributed sliding mode control framework by exploiting (some of) other subsystems' information to improve the performance of each local controller so that it can widen the applicability region of the given scheme. To do so, different from the traditional schemes in the literature, a novel approach is proposed to design the sliding surface, in which the level of required control effort is taken into account during the sliding surface design based on the
control. We then use this novel scheme to provide an innovative less‐complex procedure that explores sparse control networks to satisfy the underlying control objective. Besides, the proposed scheme to design the sliding surface makes it possible to avoid unbounded growth of control effort during the sparsification of the control network structure. Illustrative examples are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
7‐2: Design of Highly Reliable Depletion‐Mode a‐IGZO TFT Gate Driving Circuit for 31‐in. 8K4K 287‐ppi TFT‐LCD
Authors: Shi Long-Qiang , Chen Shu-Jhih , Chou Yi-Fang , Zeng Li-Mei , Zeng Mian , Wang Tian-Hong , Chen Ren-Lu , Liao Cong-Wei , Lv Xiao-Wen , Li Wen-Ying , Liu X , Lee Chia-Yu
Published: June 2017

In this paper, high reliable a‐IGZO TFT gate driving circuit was
designed. Series‐connected two‐transistor (STT) structure and
dual low‐voltage‐level power signal (Vss) were used to solve the
initial negative Vth of IGZO TFTs. Special pull‐down holding part
was designed for wider Vth shift window during panel operation.
The Vth shift margin of this proposed GOA design is from ‐5V to
+9V by using Eldo‐Spice simulation system. In addition, the pull‐up
control part could also play a role to pull the Q node voltage
down and it is helpful for narrow border design. Finally, a 31‐in.
8K4K 287‐ppi TFT‐LCD was successfully demonstrated based on
the study above.
7‐4: Invited Paper: Internal Compensation Type OLED Display Using High Mobility Oxide TFT
Authors: Jang Yong Ho , Kim Dae Hwan , Choi Wooseok , Kang Min-Gu , Chun Kwang Il , Jeon Jeyong , Ko Younghyun , Choi Uyhyun , Lee Seung Min , Bae Jong Uk , Park Kwon-shik , Yoon Soo Young , Kang In Byeong
Published: June 2017

An internal compensation type OLED display with high mobility
oxide TFT is presented. The pixel circuit for self‐compensation of
threshold voltage variation and the integrated gate drivers (GIP)
were fabricated using coplanar‐structure oxide TFTs on both
glass and PI substrates. The 5.5‐in. FHD display panels show
marked uniformity and durability to image sticking with
compensation. The circuits have sufficient stability during
operation at 60oC for over 1,000 hours.
11‐2: Invited Paper: Meta 2: Immersive Optical‐See‐Through Augmented Reality
Authors: Pulli Kari
Published: June 2017

We present Meta 2, a second‐generation immersive optical‐see‐through
AR system. Its design allows the user to see the virtual
contents within the surrounding real environment through a
freeform visor display. With its integrated sensor modules, Meta
2 can lock virtual objects within the real environment,
regardless of user’s head pose and movements. It also provides a
natural hand gesture input system, supporting hand‐eye
interaction with the virtual content. Meta 2’s optical engine uses
an off‐axis freeform visor that offers an unusually large, 90‐degree
FOV, providing a more immersive AR user experience.
29‐1: An Aerial Display: Passing through a Floating Image Formed by Retro‐Reflective Reimaging
Authors: Suginohara Hidetsugu , Kikuta Hayato , Nakamura Yoshitomo , Minami Koji , Yamamoto Hirotsugu
Published: June 2017

We have developed an aerial display that people can pass through a 56‐inches floating image as if they dive into it. We used a curved retro‐reflector so that a reflection image which overlapped with a floating image disappeared. Guide images help to focus viewer’s eyes on the blurred floating image.
16‐3: A Fast TFT Threshold Voltage Sensing Method Based on Iterative Feedback
Authors: Fu Jianhang , Hwang Taijiun , Liang Pengfei , Zeng Yuchao , Lu Poyen , Jou Mingjong , Wang Limin
Published: June 2017

In this paper, we present a fast TFT threshold voltage extraction
method adapting iterative feedback. Using this method we can
obtain relative TFT threshold voltage Vth of all pixels in the
AMOLED display. According the relative TFT threshold voltage,
we can compensate the driving data to significantly improve the
uniformity of AMOLED display.
17‐4: Ultra‐thin Chemically Strengthened Cover Glasses for Foldable Devices
Authors: Akiba Shusaku
Published: June 2017

Ultra‐thin chemically strengthened glasses showed enough
flexibility for foldable devices. Soda lime glass of 0.2 mm
manufactured by float process. Almino‐silicate glass of 0.07 mm
in thickness processed by HF slimming with 940 MPa and 14 µm
of DOL achieved 5.6 mm gap distance by two plate bending and
over 60,000 times of cyclic bending. Design guideline of chemical
strengthening for flexible cover applications is that CS should be
higher as possible for bending and impact strength and DOL may
be deeper considering DOL limitation and fragmentation
threshold for damage resistance.
39‐1: Invited Paper: Thick‐Shelled Quantum Dots for Display Applications
Authors: Chen Chih-Jung , Lien Jiun-Yi , Wang Sue-Lein , Chiang Ray-Kuang
Published: June 2017

Quantum dots (QDs) with highly pure emission color are superior to other fluorescent materials used in wide‐color‐gamut displays. To further improve the efficiency of these systems, in which QDs are pumped by the LED chips, QDs with properties such as high quantum yield, high activation‐light absorption, low self‐quenching, high photostability, and high thermal stability are desired. II‐VI QDs with thick shells (> 10 monolayers), which simultaneously reach small lattice strains and low band gap offset, endorse QDs to work in a thin and densely packed film at caustic operating conditions due to their low internal defects, large size, and “soft” or “smooth” potential well of confinement. Thick‐shelled QDs for both photoluminescent and electroluminescent applications can be prepared by multiple interfusions of different shell materials to ensure their performance.
42‐1: Development of Cu BCE‐Structure IGZO TFT for a High‐ppi 31‐in. 8K × 4K GOA LCD
Authors: Ge Shi-Min , Li Shan , Chen Shu-Jhih , Kong Xiang-Yong , Meng Yan-Hong , Shi Wen , Shi Long-Qiang , Wu Wei , Liu X , Gan Qi-Ming , Zhao Yang , Zhang CK , Chiu Chung-Yi , Lee Chia-Yu
Published: June 2017

The electrical characteristics of the BCE‐structure IGZO TFTs were studied. Through modifying the passivation layer and optimizing the selection of copper acid and PFA material, the TFTs exhibited good threshold voltage and reliability. Finally, a high performance 31‐inch 8K4K GOA LCD was demonstrated.
83‐3L: Late‐News Paper: A Novel High Reactive and High Reliable Monomer for Polymer‐Sustained Alignment Liquid Crystal Displays
Authors: Inoue Yuichi , Gushiken Marina , Sudo Go , Kosaka Shota , Hayashi Masanao , Shimizu Kenta , Takachi Manabu
Published: June 2017

The Polymer Sustained Alignment (PSA) technology is widely used for Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) TV application etc., because of its high transmittance, high contrast ratio and fast response. In this study, we have developed a novel high reactive and high reliable monomer for PSA. Also we found UV irradiation condition had a huge impact on Image Sticking issue, we propose the optimal UV condition for our new monomer too.
59‐4: A Study on Multi‐depth Head‐Up Display
Authors: Seo Jung Hoon , Yoon Chan Young , Oh Jae Ho , Kang Seok Bong , Yang Chiyoung , LEE Myung Rae , Han Young Hoon
Published: June 2017

This paper is a conceptual study of the multi‐depth head‐up display system using laser scanning PGU. First, aspheric mirror can make two‐depth virtual images, near and far, with different throw distance. Second, laser optic source have a focus free characteristic which can implement two images on the each screen with a single PGU. To resolve the loss of resolution and brightness difference from the two virtual images, we analyze optic parameters of PGU layout. We finally simulate the degree of matching virtual images with the road.
P‐18: Nitrogen‐Doped Amorphous InGaZnO Thin Film Transistors Capped with Molybdenum‐Doped ZnO Ultraviolet‐Shield Layers
Authors: Xie Haiting , Xu Jianeng , Zhang Lei , Liu Guochao , Zhou Yan , Dong Chengyuan
Published: June 2017

Nitrogen‐doped amorphous InGaZnO (a‐IGZO:N) and Molybdenum‐doped ZnO (MZO) were combined to prepare more stable thin film transistors (TFTs). The superior positive bias stress, negative bias stress, and negative bias illumination stress stabilities were observed for the a‐IGZO:N TFTs capped with MZO films, which might be due to the channel‐layer improvement by the nitrogen‐doping, the shield of ultraviolet‐lights by the MZO, and the good interface between the a‐IGZO:N and MZO.
P‐52: A Fibonacci‐Like Charge Pump and its Current Drive Capacity Enhancement for Display Driver ICs
Authors: Ding Dedong , Liu Binjie , Zhou Tianyu , Lin Hesheng , Zhang Min
Published: June 2017

In this work, a mixed‐Fibonacci charge pump scheme with gate drive enhancement is proposed to provide as high as 30 V output voltage for display driver integrated circuits (ICs). By generating a high supply voltage (<6.6 V) with a first voltage doubler charge pump, the subsequent Fibonacci charge pump engages more middle‐voltage (MV) power transistors and more MV control signals. This improves the current drive capacity by approximately 50%‐120%, and the power efficiency is optimized by approximately 10%. Alternatively, it saves about 50% of chip size compared with the traditional scheme. Based on a 0.11 μm 1.5 V/6 V/32 V process, the design is fabricated and the performance improvement is validated. The novel one can achieve a peak current drive capacity of 1.74 mA and its peak power efficiency is 74%.
P‐82: Optimization of Transmittance and Color Gamut of LCD by Big Data Strategy
Authors: Chen Dongchuan , Shao Xibin , Liao Yanping , Chen Ming , Bu Zhanchang , Zhang Zhenyu , Wang Fangyu , Qian Xueqiang
Published: June 2017

Since there are great numbers of combinations of BLU/LC/CF/ITO/OC for LCD, an automatic calculation system based on Big Data strategy, was established to acquire optimal transmittance and color gamut. Using this system, 102 million combinations were calculated and nearly 15% increase of transmittance compare to that by normal method was achieved, under same condition of color gamut (NTSC85%) for our recent 75″8K product.
P‐140: Lamination Technology for Flexible AMOLED
Authors: Hsu Tsi-Hsuan , Yu Kai-Yu , Lai Yen-Huei , Wang Wan-Tsang , Lin Yu-Hsin
Published: June 2017

The development of next generation display is toward to the form of novel curved display or flexible display to final users. Due to the characteristic of flexibility, the active matrix organic light‐emitted diode (AMOLED) is suitable to manufacture of these types of display. By laminating process, the AMOLED can be bonded onto the curvature glass to form a curved display or bonded onto the flexible substrate to form a flexible display. In this article, the technical trend and the development of lamination technology are demonstrated. Two types of laminator are showed, the roller type and air bag type, in which the former possess higher accuracy and lower tact time than air bag type. To meet the requirement of manufacture narrow border display and mass production, the equipment with high accuracy and low tact time are necessary. We also showed the method to laminate a curved display and showed the solution to overcome the problem beyond lamination.
P‐142: Influence of Illumination Level on Visual Fatigue and Lighting Preference for Different Age Groups in China
Authors: Zhong Xuefei , Tu Yan , Wang Baobao , Jin Kaiwen , Wang Ying , Teunissen Kees
Published: June 2017

The influence of illumination level on visual fatigue and lighting preference for young and elderly Chinese persons was studied while performing a paper reading task for 4 hours. Analysis of the subjective questionnaires and objective measurements showed that an illumination level ≥600lx is required for elderly and ≤600lx for young persons.
P‐198: Optically Clear Adhesives Enabling Foldable and Flexible OLED Displays
Authors: Campbell Christopher J. , Clapper Jason , Behling Ross E. , Erdogan Belma , Beagi Hollis Z. , Abrahamson Joel T. , Everaerts Albert I.
Published: June 2017

Flexible, foldable organic light emitting diode (OLED) displays have been conceptually demonstrated but not yet commercialized in a consumer electronics device. We will share progress and understanding of how 3MTM Optically Clear Adhesives (OCAs) can be used to laminate cover windows and touch sensors to enable active, dynamic folding of flexible OLED displays.
Non‐ignorable missingness in logistic regression
Authors: Wang Joanna J. J. , Bartlett Mark , Ryan Louise
Published: June 2017

Nonresponses and missing data are common in observational studies. Ignoring or inadequately handling missing data may lead to biased parameter estimation, incorrect standard errors and, as a consequence, incorrect statistical inference and conclusions. We present a strategy for modelling non‐ignorable missingness where the probability of nonresponse depends on the outcome. Using a simple case of logistic regression, we quantify the bias in regression estimates and show the observed likelihood is non‐identifiable under non‐ignorable missing data mechanism. We then adopt a selection model factorisation of the joint distribution as the basis for a sensitivity analysis to study changes in estimated parameters and the robustness of study conclusions against different assumptions. A Bayesian framework for model estimation is used as it provides a flexible approach for incorporating different missing data assumptions and conducting sensitivity analysis.

Using simulated data, we explore the performance of the Bayesian selection model in correcting for bias in a logistic regression. We then implement our strategy using survey data from the 45 and Up Study to investigate factors associated with worsening health from the baseline to follow‐up survey. Our findings have practical implications for the use of the 45 and Up Study data to answer important research questions relating to health and quality‐of‐life. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The digestion of complementary feeding starches in the young child
Authors: Lin Amy H.‐M. , Nichols Buford L.
Published: May 2017

Digestible glycemic carbohydrates are an important energy source to support the rapid growth and development of young children. The aim of this comprehensive review is to present up‐to‐date knowledge of starch digestion in the young child. Starchy foods are consumed uncooked (e.g., fruit or vegetable salad) or cooked (e.g., mashed potato), and in granule (insoluble) or gelatinized (soluble) forms. Various aspects of digestive enzymes in the young child are described, including pancreatic α‐amylase deficiency and the existence of salivary α‐amylase, milk α‐amylase, blood α‐amylase, and α‐glucosidases. The young child can digest starchy foods and absorb dietary glucose. Among the various sources of starches, rice maltodextrin is most digestible because of its unique structural characteristics. Common sources of complementary starches are also described. This review would benefit the food industry in designing complementary foods (also known as beikost), and also health providers, such as pediatricians and dietitians in understanding starch digestion and the difference between granule and gelatinized starch.
Local knowledge in climate adaptation research: moving knowledge frameworks from extraction to co‐production
Authors: Klenk Nicole , Fiume Anna , Meehan Katie , Gibbes Cerian
Published: May 2017

This review consists of a systematic assessment of climate change adaptation literature to elicit major trends, discourses, and patterns in how local knowledge is conceived. We report on conceptual and geographic trends within the literature, including the practice of assessing local knowledge against scientific benchmarks, and present results of a textual network analysis that illustrates overlap and co‐occurrence among different characterizations of local knowledge. In critically assessing the dominant trends we draw special attention to problems associated with the extraction of local knowledge without due consideration of how this process is embedded and inextricable from local contexts and sociotechnical orders. Drawing on theories of science and technology that examine the ontological politics of research practices, we propose a co‐productive path forward for local knowledge mobilization to inform adaptation decision‐making, which we argue facilitates the transformation of the institutional and governance arrangement of climate adaptation to provide greater flexibility and experimentalism in research and decision‐making. WIREs Clim Change 2017, 8:e475. doi: 10.1002/wcc.475

This article is categorized under:

Social Status of Climate Change Knowledge > Knowledge and Practice
Recent advances in the prediction of non‐CYP450‐mediated drug metabolism
Authors: Dixit Vaibhav A. , Lal L. Arun , Agrawal Simran R.
Published: June 2017

Computational models of drug metabolism prediction have focused mainly on cytochrome P450 enzymes, because drug–drug interactions, reactive metabolite formation, hepatotoxicity, idiosyncratic adverse drug interactions, and/or loss of efficacy of many drugs were the results of interactions with CYP450s. Metabolic regioselectivity and isoform specificity prediction models for CYP450‐catalyzed reactions have reached approximately 95% accuracy. Thus, a new drug candidate is less likely to show unexpected metabolic profile due to metabolism via CYP450 pathways. For such candidates, secondary metabolic Phase I and II enzymes are likely to play an expected (or unexpected) role in drug metabolism. The importance of flavin monooxygenases (FMOs), aldehyde and alcohol dehydrogenase, monoamine oxidase from the Phase I and UDP‐glucuronosyltransferase (UGT), sulfotransferase, glutathione S‐transferase, and methyltransferase from Phase II has increased and United States Food and Drug Administration guidelines on NDA have specific recommendations for in vitro and in vivo testing against these enzymes. Thus, there is an urgent requirement of reliable predictive models for drug metabolism catalyzed by these enzymes. In this review, we have classified drug metabolism prediction models (site of metabolism, isoform specificity, and kinetic parameter) for these enzymes into Phase I and II. When such models are unavailable, we discuss the Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR), pharmacophore, docking, dynamics, and reactivity studies performed for the prediction of substrates and inhibitors. Recently published models for FMO and UGT are discussed. The need for comprehensive, widely applicable, sequential primary and secondary metabolite prediction is highlighted. Potential difficulties and future prospectives in the development of such models are discussed. WIREs Comput Mol Sci 2017, 7:e1323. doi: 10.1002/wcms.1323

This article is categorized under:

Structure and Mechanism > Reaction Mechanisms and Catalysis

Computer and Information Science > Chemoinformatics

Software > Molecular Modeling
Properties, environmental fate and biodegradation of carbazole
Authors: Salam Lateef B. , Ilori Mathew O. , Amund Olukayode O.
Published: May 2017

The last two decades had witnessed extensive investigation on bacterial degradation of carbazole, an N-heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. Specifically, previous studies have reported the primary importance of angular dioxygenation, a novel type of oxygenation reaction, which facilitates mineralization of carbazole to intermediates of the TCA cycle. Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria are the predominant bacterial phyla implicated in this novel mode of dioxygenation, while anthranilic acid and catechol are the signature metabolites. Several studies have elucidated the degradative genes involved, the diversity of the car gene clusters and the unique organization of the car gene clusters in marine carbazole degraders. However, there is paucity of information regarding the environmental fate as well as industrial and medical importance of carbazole and its derivatives. In this review, attempt is made to harness this information to present a comprehensive outlook that not only focuses on carbazole biodegradation pathways, but also on its environmental fate as well as medical and industrial importance of carbazole and its derivatives.
Enzyme-mediated biodegradation of long-chain n-alkanes (C32 and C40) by thermophilic bacteria
Authors: Elumalai Punniyakotti , Parthipan Punniyakotti , Karthikeyan Obulisamy Parthiba , Rajasekar Aruliah
Published: May 2017

Removal of long-chain hydrocarbons and n-alkanes from oil-contaminated environments are mere important to reduce the ecological damages, while bio-augmentation is a very promising technology that requires highly efficient microbes. In present study, the efficiency of pure isolates, i.e., Geobacillus thermoparaffinivorans IR2, Geobacillus stearothermophillus IR4 and Bacillus licheniformis MN6 and mixed consortium on degradation of long-chain n-alkanes C32 and C40 was investigated by batch cultivation test. Biodegradation efficiencies were found high for C32 by mixed consortium (90%) than pure strains, while the pure strains were better in degradation of C40 than mixed consortium (87%). In contrast, the maximum alkane hydroxylase activities (161 µmol mg−1 protein) were recorded in mixed consortium system that had supplied with C40 as sole carbon source. Also, the alcohol dehydrogenase (71 µmol mg−1 protein) and lipase activity (57 µmol mg−1 protein) were found high. Along with the enzyme activities, the hydrophobicity natures of the bacterial strains were found to determine the degradation efficiency of the hydrocarbons. Thus, the study suggested that the hydrophobicity of the bacteria is a critical parameter to understand the biodegradation of n-alkanes.
In vitro regeneration of Drosera burmannii Vahl.: a carnivorous plant of north-east India
Authors: Yanthan J. Sureni , Kehie Mechuselie , Kumaria Suman , Tandon Pramod
Published: May 2017

An efficient in vitro regeneration protocol has been developed from shoot tips of Drosera burmannii Vahl., a carnivorous plant of north-east India. Various plant growth regulators were used to study their efficacy in the induction of multiple shoots and roots. Of the various treatments, the maximum number of shoots (28.8 ± 1.5) and roots (9.7 ± 0.6) was observed in one-fourth strength standard medium (MS with 50 mg/l citric acid and 10 mg/l ascorbic acid) supplemented with 4 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 4 mg/l α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) followed by 26.8 ± 1.4 shoots in one-fourth strength SM fortified with 4 mg/l kinetin (KN) and 4 mg/l NAA. The well-developed plantlets with shoots and roots were potted in small plastic glasses filled with a mixture of sand and farmyard manure (3:1); these plantlets when transferred to a glasshouse for hardening and acclimatization showed 90% survival.
Using a Near Infrared Device to Improve Successful Venous Access in Children with Special Health Care Needs
Authors: Barreras JoAnn , Chang Todd P.
Published: May 2017

Background: Children with special health care needs (CSHCN) are predicted to be at particular risk for difficult peripheral venous access (PVA). Near infrared (NIR) technology is a noninvasive method that reveals vessels that are otherwise not visible to the eye. Our primary objective was to determine whether PVA success improved with NIR when compared with traditional visualization/palpation, specifically in CSHCN.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of all patients requiring PVA insertions by the vascular access team at a 350-bed tertiary children's hospital from July 2013 until June 2014 were included. Independent variables included age, gender, ethnicity, CSHCN status and modality used (NIR, ultrasound guidance, transillumination, or none). The primary outcome was subjective difficulty, PVA success, and number of attempts required. The effect of NIR and CSHCN was analyzed using χ2 test.

Results: Data were gathered on 7896 PVA placements in children. Out of these, 6071 children were deemed to have special health care needs. CSHCN had subjectively difficult access 88% of the time compared with non-CSHCN at 74.7% (P < 0.0001). CSHCN status lowered intravenous access success rates from 91.4% to 87.5% (P < 0.0001). The use of NIR significantly increased intravenous access success rates when compared with visualization or palpation (26% vs 19.6%; P < 0.0001). Modality had a statistically significant effect on the number of attempts (P < 0.0001), but only a slight clinical significance (NIR, up to 1–4 attempts and ultrasound or transillumination combined, 1–6 attempts).

Conclusions: NIR decreases the number of attempts and improve overall success rates in acquiring PVA in CSHCN. Further studies on maximizing PVA success in this patient population are warranted.
Post-communist democracy vs. totalitarianism: Contrasting patterns of need satisfaction and societal frustration
Authors: Klicperova-Baker Martina , Koštál Jaroslav
Published: May 2017

Frustration/satisfaction under the post-Communist democracy and under the pre-1989 Communist authoritarianism were studied in the Czech Republic in 2008 using a nationwide sample of 1093 respondents and an original Societal Frustration inventory. The patterns of frustration were contrastingly opposite: The past was dominated by the memory of oppression, of curtailed self-actualization yet fulfilled basic needs. In contrast, current democracy allowed for free self-actualization but the intensity of the current frustrations has exceeded the past frustrating memories. Main current complaints included a) general insecurity, lack of fulfillment of basic needs; b) corruption, low political culture, decline of civility (rudeness, envy, and ethnic intolerance). The results and their discussion help to explain the psychology of Communism, post-Communism, transition, and democratic consolidation.
P.031 Waiting times for assessment and epilepsy surgery at the epilepsy program of the University of Saskatchewan
Authors: Funes B , Tellez-Zenteno J , Hernandez-Ronquillo L , Wu A
Published: June 2017

Background: Epilepsy surgery remains one of the most underused of all current medical interventions. It is estimated that less than 1% of patients with drug-resistant epilepsy are referred to specialized centers. The average delay from onset of seizures to surgical procedures is between 10 to 20 years Methods: In this study we describe the waiting times from the diagnosis of epilepsy to the assessment and epilepsy surgery at the epilepsy center of the University of Saskatchewan (SEP) Results: We included 70 patients assessed in the epilepy program between 2007 and 2015. Mean age of patients was 42.2+13. The time from the diagnosis of epilepsy to the referral was 16 years. The times for the for assesment and testing were the following: to the first consult with the epileptologist was 208 months, to the neuropsychological test was 201 months, to the video-EEG telemetry 219 months, to the first consult to neurosurgery 227 months and finally to the epilepsy surgery was 238 months. Conclusions: This study shows that patients with complex epilepsy in Canada are waiting significant time to be properly diagnosed and treated. Our study shows similar waiting times to otehrdeveloped countries suggesting a global problem in the reference of patients to epilepsy programs.
P.040 Moncton brain tumour tissue biorepository: diagnostic and therapeutic initiatives for glioma research in New Brunswick
Authors: Charest V , Dao T , Morin P , Whitlock P , Charest D
Published: June 2017

Background: Improving diagnostic and therapeutic tools associated with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), an aggressive brain tumour, is crucial as average patient survival remains slightly over a year. Challenges include early diagnosis and acquired drug resistance. Improving these challenges notably require a multidisciplinary team and a dedicated brain tumour specimen collection initiative. We hypothesize that implementing such an approach in Moncton would provide significant benefits to GBM patients and researchers in New Brunswick. Methods: A Brain Tumour Tissue Repository was instigated to collect and preserve primary tumour specimens. Storage of circulating samples from patients undergoing temozolomide (TMZ) therapy was also performed. In parallel, molecular leads were investigated in different GBM models to identify therapeutic targets. Results: Collection of 7 primary specimens was accomplished in 2016. Over 15 primary samples are housed in the tumour biorepository to date with circulating samples collected from 3 patients. Additionally, numerous deregulated non-coding RNAs were identified by qRT-PCR in GBM models and shown to be modulated following TMZ treatment warranting further investigation. Conclusions: Overall, these results provide novel therapeutic leads for GBMs and, most importantly, highlight the instigation of a New Brunswick-based brain tumor biorepository which will undoubtedly strengthen brain tumour research in the Maritimes.
P.041 Adult craniopharyngioma: case series, systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Dandurand C , Sepehry AA , Asadi Lari MH , Akagami R , Gooderham PA
Published: June 2017

Background: The optimal therapeutic approach for adult craniopharyngioma remains controversial. Some advocate for gross total resection (GTR), while others support subtotal resection followed by adjuvant radiotherapy (STR + XRT). Methods: MEDLINE (1946 to July 1st 2016) and EMBASE (1980 to June 30th 2016) were systematically reviewed. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline was followed. At our institution, from 1975 to 2013, 33 patients were treated with initial surgical resection for adult onset craniopharyngioma. 22 patients were included in the present case series. Results: Eligible studies (n=21) were identified from the literature in addition to a case series of our institutional experience. Three groups were available for analysis: GTR, STR + XRT, and STR. The rates of recurrence were 17 %, 27 % and 45%, respectively. This differs from childhood population. The difference in risk of recurrence after GTR vs. STR + XRT did not reach significance (OR: 0.63, 95% confidence interval: 0.33-1.24, P=0.18). This maybe because of low pooled sample size (n=99) who underwent STR+XRT. Conclusions: This is the first and largest meta-analysis examining rate of recurrence in adult craniopharyngioma. Thus, when safe and feasible, a goal of gross total resection should be favored. Each patient should be considered on a case-by-case basis.
P.056 Intracranial hemorrhage as initial presentation of sagittal sinus thrombosis: review of 3 cases
Authors: Chu JY
Published: June 2017

Background: Intracranial hemorrhage due to sagittal sinus thrombosis is an unusal inital clinical presentation and a series of 3 cases is presented. Methods: A retrospective study of stroke patients seen at the William Osler Health System between 2014 -2016. Results: 1: 43 y.o. female presented with headaches and right hemiparesis. CT and MRI/MRV showed L. parietal intra-cerebral hemorrhage and sagittal and transverse sinus thrombosis. She was treated with IV heparin and subsequent oral Warfarin but developed symptomatic left subdural hematoma which was successfully evacuated. Hypercoagulable workup was negative. Subsequent MRI/MRV showed resolution of her sinus thrombosis and received asparin only since. 2: 45 y.o. male presented with generalized seizure 10 days following a motor vehicle accident. Initial CT showed focal right frontal subarachnoid hemorrhage and subsequent MRI/MRV confirmed extensive sagittal sinus thrombosis. He was treated with IV heparin and subsequent Warfarin without any complications. 3: 32 y.o. male presented with generalized seizure. CT and MRI/MRV confirmed a large right temporal lobe intra-cerebral hemorrhage and extensive right transverse sinus and straight sinus thrombosis. He was successfully treated with IV heparin followed by oral Warfarin. Conclusions: Despite intracranial hemorrhage in patients with cerebral sinus venous thrombosis, they could be managed successfully with anticoagulation therapy and with careful clinical and neuro-imaging monitoring.
P.079 Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging metallic susceptibility artifacts post cardiac surgery in children
Authors: Alanezi A , Campbell C , Andrade A
Published: June 2017

Background: Metallic susceptibility artifact (MSA) on brain MRI has been described rarely in adult population as an incidental finding in patients undergone cardiac surgery, catheterization or prosthetic heart valve, but has not been described before in the pediatric population. Here we present two pediatric cases with MSA on brain MRI post-cardiac surgery. Case Series:Patient1: 13-month-old girl with Transposition of great arteries, aortic coarctation and multiple VSDs, who twice had open heart surgery requiring cardiac bypass. She presented with bilateral lower extremity paralysis secondary to spinal cord embolic infarction, Brain MRI showed an incidental finding of hundreds of diffuse foci of brain MSA. Patient2: 5-year-old boy with Trisomy21, Atrial-ventricular septal defect repaired at age one year. His brain MRI showed incidental finding of multiple, widespread foci of MSA during investigation for gait disturbance. Discussion: Here we present two pediatric patients post-cardiac surgery, found to have multiple scattered MSA in cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres and brain stem. Presumably, these are secondary to metallic microthrombi during cardiac surgery, however, neither had prosthetic material. Metallic microthrombi may be related to cardio-pulmonary bypass. Pediatric cardiac surgery patients should be studied, to understand the significance of these lesions and further distinguish the cause and association of these findings.
P.084 Single-centre follow-up of TYRX Antibiotic Envelope for neuromodulation unit implantation
Authors: Ahmed S , Waterhouse K , Vitali A
Published: June 2017

Background: Studies have placed the rate of infection associated with neuromodulation units to be up to 20%. We present our experience with the TYRX absorbable antibiotic envelope. Our length of follow-up adds to the body of evidence around the use of antibiotic envelops. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients referred to our center for either new implantation or revision of neuromodulation units between July 2014 and September 2016. Consecutive cases were included for analysis. We included a control group of consecutive patients with neuromodulation units placed immediately prior to our experience with the TYRX envelopes for comparison Results: Between July 2014 and September 2016, 76 patients had 81 instances of neuromodulation unit insertion. All patients received the TYRX antibiotic envelope. There were no incidences of infection involving antibiotic envelope-containing implants over an average follow-up period of 11 months. In 77 consecutive cases of neuromodulation unit implantation prior to usage of the antibiotic pouch, there were 4 instances of infection (5.2%). Conclusions: Our single center experience demonstrates a significant drop in the rate of infections with the use of an antibiotic envelope for neuromodulation unit implantation. We consider the routine use of the envelope to be a cost-effective method of infection avoidance.