bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ten simple rules for a successful remote postdoc
Authors: Burgio Kevin R , McDonough MacKenzie Caitlin , Borrelle Stephanie B , Ernest S. K. Morgan , Gill Jacquelyn L , Ingeman Kurt E , Teffer Amy K , White Ethan P
Published: August 2019

Postdoctoral positions are temporary full-time positions typically taken between completion of a PhD and the start of a permanent position. Postdocs are expected to move for short-term positions which can often be problematic for early-career researchers, especially those from under-represented groups in STEM. However, the proliferation of computational research has changed how scientists can conduct science, opening the door to postdoctoral work being conducted remotely. Research activities primarily involving quantitative analysis, modeling, writing, and data collection can take place anywhere and therefore can all be conducted on a remote or semi-remote basis. We offer 10 simple rules for overcoming challenges and leveraging the unique opportunities presented by remote postdoc positions, derived from our experiences as either remote postdocs or the PIs who have mentored them. We believe that not only will these suggestions increase the desirability of remote postdoc positions whenever they are feasible, but that they also contain good practices for facilitating better communication both within labs more generally and in other long-distance collaborations.
Tratamento de sementes com ácido salicílico na tolerância do trigo ao flumioxazin
Authors: Gonçalves Felipe Augusto Reis , Melo Christiane Augusta Diniz , De Sousa Vitor Iago Pimenta , Vinhal Igor Raylson Ferreira , Pereira Gustavo Antonio Mendes , Reis Marcelo Rodrigues
Published: August 2019

O tratamento de sementes com protetores químicos é uma técnica que pode aumentar a tolerância de culturas a herbicidas, sendo já utilizada em culturas como o algodão e o arroz. Este estudo foi proposto para avaliar o efeito do tratamento de sementes com ácido salicílico sobre a tolerância do trigo ao flumioxazin. O delineamento adotado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Foi utilizado o arranjo fatorial 2 x 6, onde o primeiro fator correspondeu a ausência ou presença do tratamento de sementes com ácido salicílico e o segundo fator às doses de flumioxazin (0; 10; 20; 30; 40 e 50 g ha-1 i.a.) aplicadas em pré- emergência da cultura. Avaliações de fitointoxicação foram realizadas aos 7, 14, 21, 28 e 35 dias após a emergência. Aos 50 dias após a semeadura foi determinados o número de perfilhos por planta, altura de perfilhos férteis, matéria seca da parte aérea e da espigueta. O tratamento de sementes com ácido salicílico reduziu a intoxicação das plantas de trigo aos 7, 14 e 35 dias após a emergência. O número de perfilhos férteis não foi alterado pelos tratamentos. O aumento da dose de flumioxazin afetou negativamente as demais variáveis de crescimento avaliadas (matéria seca da parte aérea, altura de perfilhos férteis e matéria seca de espigueta), sendo que o ácido salicílico influenciou positivamente a matéria seca da espigueta. Conclui-se que o flumioxazin causa intoxicação e redução do crescimento do trigo e que o ácido salicílico é alternativa para atenuar o estresse causado pelo herbicida, aumentando a tolerância da cultura.
Determinação da dose de controle de Urochloa decumbens pela aplicação de glyphosate
Authors: Moraes Carolina Pucci de , Tropaldi Leandro , Brito Ivana Paula Ferraz Santos de , Carbonari Caio Antonio , Velini Edivaldo Domingues
Published: August 2019

A espécie Urochloa decumbens é uma importante planta daninha de culturas agrícolas devido à alta capacidade adaptativa e dificuldade de manejo. A presença dessas plantas em áreas de produção agrícola pode gerar problemas quando compete por água, luz e nutrientes, além de atuar como hospedeira de pragas e patógenos comuns à cultura e interferir na colheita. O trabalho objetivou avaliar doses de controle de plantas de U. decumbens pela aplicação de glyphosate. Foram realizados três experimentos, em casa de vegetação, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com seis repetições, contendo entre 50 e 80 plantas por repetição, e oito doses de glyphosate (0; 22,5; 45; 90; 180; 360; 720 e 1440 g ha-1 e.a.). Foram realizadas avaliações visuais de fitotoxicidade aos 0, 7, 14 e 21 dias após a aplicação, e coleta de oito plantas por vaso e por tratamento para determinação de massa seca em cada período avaliado. Para as curvas de resposta, considerou-se a massa seca total, somando todos os períodos coletados, além das plantas remanescentes nos vasos ao término dos experimentos. Plantas de U. decumbens tratadas com 180 g ha-1 e.a. de glyphosate reduziram a massa seca em relação à testemunha, demonstrando maior sensibilidade na aplicação de doses abaixo das recomendadas e utilizadas em campo. Pode-se concluir que a dose 80 g ha-1 e.a. de glyphosate controlou as plantas de U. decumbens, causando fitotoxicidade próxima a 100%, e as doses estimadas entre 30 e 62 g ha-1 e.a. de glyphosate foram capazes de reduzir 50% o crescimento das plantas
A deriva de glyphosate interfere no desenvolvimento e produtividade de arroz irrigado
Authors: Beck Mattheus , Pigatto Cassiano Salin , Ogoshi Claudio , Cereza Tiago Viegas , Zanon Alencar Junior , Ulguim André Da Rosa
Published: August 2019

Objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar os danos ao desenvolvimento e produtividade de cultivar de arroz irrigado de ciclo precoce (IRGA 430), ocasionados por deriva simulada de glyphosate. O experimento foi realizado a campo na Estação Experimental do Arroz – IRGA na safra 2016/17 e os tratamentos foram arranjados em esquema fatorial 3x2+1 cujo fator A constou da simulação de deriva de glyphosate nas doses de 135; 270 e 540g ha-1 e.a.; o fator B de duas doses de nitrogênio (N), sendo eles 90 e 121,5 kg ha-1 de N; mais testemunha sem aplicação de glyphosate e com aplicação de 90kg ha-1 de N. O aumento na dose de glyphosate resultou em maiores danos à cultura, como sintomas de fitotoxicidade, redução no número de panículas por área e no rendimento de grãos que foi de aproximadamente 60% na maior dose estudada. De acordo com o aumento da dose de glyphosate também ocorreu o prolongamento no número de dias entre a emergência da cultura até o estágio de desenvolvimento de antese (R4). A deriva simulada de glyphosate evidencia que o herbicida causa elevada fitotoxicidade a cultura, menor estatura as plantas e aumento do ciclo de desenvolvimento, interferindo negativamente na produtividade da cultura do arroz irrigado.
Seleção de espécies bioindicadoras para o herbicida indaziflam
Authors: Dias Roque Carvalho , Gomes Diego Munhoz , Anunciato Vitor Muller , Bianchi Leandro , Simões Plinio Saulo , Carbonari Caio Antonio , Velini Edivaldo Domingues
Published: August 2019

O herbicida indaziflam apresenta atividade residual no solo e pode se tornar problema para os cultivos agrícolas, pela possibilidade de carryover em culturas sucessoras. Assim, objetivou-se selecionar potenciais espécies bioindicadoras para presença de resíduos do indaziflam no solo. Foram realizados dois experimentos em casa de vegetação, utilizando vasos de polietileno de 0,00025 m3, ambos distribuídos no delineamento em blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. No primeiro experimento foram utilizadas onze espécies com potencial uso como bioindicadoras: arroz, aveia, beterraba, capim-braquiária, feijão, girassol, milho, pepino, soja, tomate e trigo submetidas à aplicação de sete doses de indaziflam (0; 6,25; 12,5; 25; 50; 75 e 100 g i.a. ha-1). em pré-emergência das culturas. No segundo experimento, cinco sub-doses (0; 0,3906; 0,7812; 1,5625 e 3,125 g i.a. ha-1) do indaziflam foram aplicadas nas espécies que não emergiram na menor dose ou concentração do herbicida no primeiro experimento. Foram avaliadas a fitointoxicação e altura de plantas (ALT) aos 3, 7, 14 e 21 dias após a emergência (DAE). Aos 21 DAE avaliou-se matéria seca de parte aérea (MSPA), de raiz (MSR) e total (MST). O aumento das doses de indaziflam provocou aumento dos sintomas de fitointoxicação e reduções nas variáveis ALT, MSPA, MSR e MST. Entre as espécies avaliadas, em monocotiledôneas na ordem: capim-braquiária, arroz, milho, trigo, aveia e em eudicotiledôneas: tomate, pepino, girassol, feijão, soja apresentam potencial para uso como bioindicadora em estudos com indaziflam. A beterraba apresentou ser extremamente sensível ao herbicida não emergindo em nenhuma das doses estudadas.
Espécies indicadoras de resíduos de saflufenacil em solos
Authors: Barcellos Júnior Lucas Heringer , Agazzi Luciane Renata , Pereira Gustavo Antonio Mendes , Silva Elisa Maria Gomes da , Piratoba Alba Rocio Aguilar , Souza Paulo Sérgio Ribeiro de , Silva Antonio Alberto da
Published: August 2019

Um dos métodos, eficientes e de baixo custo, para estimar a presença de herbicidas no solo é o biológico. Entretanto, antes de se utilizar este método é necessário identificar espécies que apresentam alta sensibilidade ao herbicida em estudo. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo selecionar espécies que apresentem alta sensibilidade ao saflufenacil para posteriores estudos da dinâmica desse herbicida no solo. Foram avaliadas a sensibilidade de sete espécies de plantas ao saflufenacil (Curcubita pepo, Beta vulgaris, Daucus carota, Citrullus lanatus, Cucumis sativus, Sorghum bicolor e Solanum lycopersicum). Para isso, estas espécies foram cultivadas em substrato inerte (areia lavada) tratado com doses crescentes do saflufenacil (0,0; 0,625; 1,25; 2,50; 5,0; 10,0 e 20,0 g ha-1). As espécies B. vulgaris, S. lycopersicum e S. bicolor foram as mais sensíveis ao saflufenacil. Dentre estas espécies, B. vulgaris é de fácil cultivo, crescimento rápido e permite rápida visualização dos sintomas de intoxicação. Concluiu-se que B. vulgaris pode ser considerada como indicadora da presença do saflufenacil na solução do solo para estudos da dinâmica desse herbicida em solos.
Seletividade de fomesafen aplicado em pré-emergência de diferentes cultivares de algodoeiro
Authors: Oliveira Neto Antonio Mendes de , Constantin Jamil , Oliveira Jr Rubem Silvério de , Guerra Naiara , Gemelli Alexandre
Published: August 2019

Sabe-se que existem diferenças entre as cultivares de algodoeiro em relação as injúrias causadas por herbicidas aplicados em pré-emergência. Desta forma, o trabalho foi conduzido, em casa de vegetação, com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de doses crescentes do herbicida fomesafen sobre o crescimento inicial de oito cultivares de algodoeiro. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado arranjado em esquema fatorial 8 x 6, com cinco repetições. Avaliou-se a resposta de oito cultivares de algodoeiro (DP 555 BG RR, FMT 705, FMT 701, FM 910, FM 966 LL, FM 993, IMA CD 6001 LL e IMA 8221) a seis doses do herbicida fomesafen (0, 125, 250, 375, 500 e 625 g ha-1 de ingrediente ativo - i.a.) em aplicação de pré-emergência, logo após a semeadura, que foi realizada a 3 cm de profundidade. O solo utilizado nos vasos foi um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico de classe textural franco-argilo-arenosa, pH de 5,9; 2,94% de MO, 320 g kg-1 de argila e 600 g kg-1 de areia. As variáveis avaliadas foram porcentagem de fitointoxicação aos 5, 10 e 20 dias após a aplicação, além da massa seca da parte aérea aos 30 dias após a aplicação. Concluiu-se que as cultivares de algodoeiro respondem de maneira diferente à aplicação do herbicida fomesafen em pré-emergência. A cultivar mais tolerante a este herbicida foi a FMT 705. As cultivares mais sensíveis foram IMA CD 6001 LL, FMT 701 e FM 993.
Summary of the Key Technologies for Metric Range Extension of Electric Vehicles
Authors: A. Nasirudeen Salami , Aminu M. A. , Haruna M. S. , Okafor E. N. C.
Published: August 2019

Electric vehicle is a sustainable development which is capable of transforming the transport sector. It is a sustainable alternative to internal combustion engine-based vehicle. Its technology is based on utilization of sustainable energy resources which are eco-friendly and replenishes in nature. Wide deployment of electric vehicle is expected to minimize the challenge of fossil fuel depletion and greenhouse emissions are expected to be reduced. However, despite all aforementioned advantages of the electric vehicle, its wide deployment faces some challenges including cost, size and range anxiety. Electric vehicles have limited range which is one of the major factors affecting its market penetration.  Researchers highlighted several strategies/methods of extending its driving range. Thus, this work presents a review of different strategies proposed on range extension of the electric vehicle. The strengths and weaknesses of some of the proposed methods are also presented in this work.
Contribution of Grain Marketing Cooperative to Members in Toke Kutaye District of West Shewa Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Abebe Workneh , Tilaye Daniel
Published: August 2019

Grain marketing cooperatives assist the members in ensuring food security. However, there was no adequate study that assessed the economic, social and financial benefits of cooperatives at the district. Hence, the objective of the study was to assess the contribution of grain marketing cooperatives to the members. A cross sectional survey was employed using 114 cooperative members. Systematic sampling technique was employed to identify the sample respondents. The data were collected using structured interview schedule, group discussion, key informant discussion and observation; and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, χ2 and partial budgeting. Partial budgeting result revealed that the members benefited because of their membership in grain marketing cooperatives The t-test and χ2 also revealed that market information, training, supply/provision of improved seed and size of livestock were significantly influencing the benefit of cooperatives to the members. Thus, cooperative promotion offices, research and NGOs need enhancing cooperatives through research and promotion activities on designing a system for value chain or market chain, selecting available service diversification; strengthening coordination and building the capacity of members for maintaining the quality of the production.
A Comparative Study of Discrete Dynamical System and Moving Average Model in Assessing and Predicting Availability of Clean Water
Authors: Razak Ayda Asyra Abdul , Mohamed Ali Dian Idayu , Yakzam Rosmalina Che , Dudin Nuratikah Amid , Misiran Masnita , Md. Yusof Zahayu
Published: August 2019

Many developing countries, Malaysia included, are constantly faced with problems in managing water resources as there is lack of integration and holistic approach with little participation from the general public and other stakeholders apart from the government. In this study, two quantitative models, which are the discrete dynamical system and moving average, is applied to obtain the forecast value of clean water in Malaysia’s river basin by using open source data with minimal cost of analysis. The findings suggested that moving average method is superior as it provides better accuracy in forecasting with small error rate. The method is easy to understand, used standard MS Excel in computing, and need only minimal requirement of the machine’s operating system. Continuous assessment to the quality level of clean water in Malaysia’s river basin should be strictly regulated to ensure the right course of action to manoeuvre effective countermeasure for this issue. Among the counter measures may be in a form of focused education towards specified target groups, regulatory exercises, as well as awareness campaigns that are more effectively arranged.
Application of Moringa oleifera Powder and Seeds to Remove Turbidity from Water
Authors: N. Silva Semirames Do , M. Moraes Suiane , P. Matos Joana D’arc , Wanderley Roberta de S. O. , R. Silva Luís P. F. , Barroso Antônio J. R. , P. Gomes Josivanda
Published: August 2019

Aims: The use of natural, on-site, low-cost coagulants can reduce problems related to the consumption of non-potable water and untreated wastewater discharges into receiving bodies. A natural solution for acting as a coagulant is the Moringa oleifera seed. The objective of this study is to analyze the efficiency of turbidity removal through the application of moringa seeds as a natural coagulant in three different retention times.

Methodology: The research was carried out at the Agricultural Products Storage Processing Laboratory of the Federal University of Campina Grande. The powder obtained after trituration of the seeds and the seed without bark was used. A jar test was used to test the application of the coagulant based on powder and moringa seeds. To obtain artificial water, 0.5 g of clay was added to the jars of the jar test. The Jar Test was connected to a rotation of 120 rpm for 30 minutes, then was turned off and kept at rest for 45, 53 and 61 minutes. Subsequently, approximately 50 mL of sample was collected from each pitcher for analysis of the turbidity parameter.

Results: The application of the seeds was more efficient than the powder. Sedimentation times influenced the removal of turbidity.

Conclusion: The turbidity values are outside of what is allowed by current Brazilian legislation.
In vitro Analysis of Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae and Comparative Study of Protein Profiling under Biotic Stress
Authors: Gaikwad P. N. , Autade R. H. , Ghorpade B. B. , Chavan R. S. , Ghane A. A. , Sarode D. K.
Published: August 2019

Bacterial blight of pomegranate caused by X. axonopodis pv. Punicae (XAP) assumed epidemic form and resulted in economic burden on farmers. In the current study the pathogen infected samples were collected and the isolated XAP was identity and confirmed through the morphological, biochemical characterization and Pathogenicity test. Bacterium was reisolated from infected plant to prove Koch’s postulates. Efficacy of different chemicals and oils were tested by disc diffusion assay and turbidometrically. Bronopol 3000 ppm (25.6±1.6 mm) and Clove oil (18.0±0.7 mm) formed highest zone of inhibition Turbidometri showed the highest O.D. (0.908 nm) by Copper oxy chloride and Neem oil showed maximum inhibition of growth with O.D. (0.842 nm). Biotic stress (pathogen) induced protein response was studies by using SDS-PAGE method after protein extraction from XAP, healthy P. granatum L. and infected P. granatum L. The protein band pattern showed the unique band no. 2 (Mol.Wt.66000 Da) in infected P. granatum L. as compared to the banding pattern of XAP and healthy P. granatum L. The over expressed protein due to biotic stress could be useful as a marker for detection of the disease at the early stage and for control of the diseases after knowing the biochemical significance of the protein.
Optimum Process Parameters for Activated Carbon Production from Rice Husk for Phenol Adsorption
Authors: Ositadinma Iheanacho Chamberlain , Tagbo Nwabanne Joseph , Elijah Onu Chijioke
Published: August 2019

Aim: The determination of optimum process parameters in the production of activated carbon from rice husk for the uptake of phenol from aqueous solution was the focus of this work.

Study Design: The optimization was designed using response surface methodology.

Methodology: Central composite design (CCD) was used to generate the design matrix and analyze the result obtained. Carbonization temperature, percentage acid concentration and carbonization time were the factors considered. Tetraoxophosphoric acid (H3PO4) was employed in the activation process. The surface area was determined using the Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) nitrogen adsorption method.

Results: The result indicated the optimum process conditions as carbonization temperature of 575ºC, time of 240 minutes and 45 percentage acid concentration. This gave 96.5% adsorption efficiency of phenol from aqueous solution. There was good agreement between the experimental values and the predicted values. The BET surface area of the activated carbon was 471.1 m2/s.

Conclusion: This work has optimized the process conditions for activated carbon production from rice husk for effective adsorption of phenol from wastewater.
Soil Chemical Property Variation under Different Conservation Agriculture Practices, in Bako Tibe District, West Shoa, Ethiopia
Authors: Terefe Regassa , Lemma Bekele
Published: August 2019

Conservation agriculture is claimed to be one of the solutions for the problems of poor agricultural productivity in sub-Saharan countries. The impact of conservation agriculture depends on environmental factors such as slope, vegetation, soil type, rain fall pattern and intended crops. This study was conducted from 2013 to 2014 with the objective of assessing the impact of conservation agriculture practices on soil chemical properties. Five main treatments were selected for the study: Monocropping (maize) without crop residue, Monocropping (maize) with crop residue, Crop rotation (maize and haricot bean) with crop residue, Intercropping (Haricot bean with maize) with crop residue and a grazing land as a control. A Randomized complete block design with four replications was used. A total of 40 composite soil samples (4 replication * 5 treatments * 2 soil depth) were collected and analysed for selected soil chemical properties. Results showed that soils in the study area were moderately acidic, and contained medium level of available phosphorus (AP) (7.33±0.58 mg/kg), but low concentration of total N (0.176±0.02%). Soil pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), C/N, and AP did not significantly differ (p=0.958, p=0.998, p=0.219, p=0.140 and 0.568) respectively, among the treatments following the four year of conservation agricutural practices. Thus, conservation agriculture has little effect on soil properties in short term, but it may take longer time to influence on different soil chemical properties in the study area.
Water Availabilities Associated with Natural Phosphate and Triple Superphosphate in Radish Cultivation
Authors: Bonfim-Silva Edna Maria , Beltrão Juliane de Souza , Paula Raphael Pereira França de , Roque Wellington Fava , Damasceno Ana Paula Alves Barreto , José Jefferson Vieira
Published: August 2019

Aims: The objective of this study was to evaluate the development of giant Crimson radish cultivated in a oxisol under phosphate fertilizer sources (natural phosphate, triple superphosphate, natural phosphate + triple superphosphate and control) associated with water availabilities (40, 80 and 120% of the field capacity).

Study Design: The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 4x3 factorial scheme, with 4 replications (48 units).

Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted in a greenhouse belonging to the Federal University of Mato Grosso, in the municipality of Rondonópolis (MT).

Methodology: The dystrophic Oxisol was used to fill the 1.5 dm3 pots. The irrigation management was in accordance with the methodology of the maximum water retention capacity, by the gravimetric method. Phosphate fertilization was applied before sowing using 265 mg dm-3 phosphorus, varying the source used, triple superphosphate and Bayovar Natural phosphate. After the emergence of the plants, the other nutrients were applied to the soil. The parameters related to vegetative development and after the harvest of radish were evaluated at 20 and 35 days after sowing.

Results: The parameters fresh mass of the aerial part, dry mass of the tubercle, dry mass of the aerial part, fresh mass of tubercle and length of tubercle had the highest values with the use of triple superphosphate, and for the field capacities of 80 and 120%. The highest harvest index (1.51) was found for the use of Natural phosphate in the field capacity of 120%. The water consumption by the plants was higher with the use of triple superphosphate and field capacity of 120% (6,425.25 L). The efficiency of water use was better with the application of triple Superphosphate and 40% of the field capacity (0.0547 g mL-1).

Conclusion: There was influence of both water availabilities and phosphate fertilization on the studied parameters. Triple superphosphate associated with 80% of the field capacity allowed the best productivity averages for radish.
Inventory Model for Three–parameter Weibull Deterioration and Partial Backlogging
Authors: Kaliraman Naresh Kumar
Published: August 2019

This paper develops an economic order quantity inventory model for time dependent three parameters Weibull deterioration. Partially backlogged shortages are considered. The demand rate is deterministic and time dependent. The rate of deterioration is time dependent. We have derived the most favorable order quantity model by minimizing the entire inventory cost. A numerical illustration has been carried out to evaluate the result of parameters on decision variables and the total average cost of the model. The research focus of this paper is to derive the optimum order quantity by minimizing the total inventory cost.
Fertilization with Silicon in Sweet Pepper Improved Plants Grown under Salt Stress
Authors: Souza Dias Márcio De , Marques Douglas José , Bianchini Hudson Carvalho
Published: August 2019

Aims: The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of calcium silicate on gaseous exchanges and production factors in the sweet pepper, cultivated under conditions of soil salinity induced by potassium fertilization, in protected cultivation.

Study Design: The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design in a 2 × 5 factorial scheme with five replications.

Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted in the sector of Olericultura and Experimentation of the course of Agronomy from October 12, 2018 to February 2019.

Methodology: The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design in a 2 × 5 factorial scheme (two sources of correction: calcareous and silicon and five increasing rates of KCl equivalent to 150, 300, 450, 600 and 700 kg ha-1 of K2O). Ten treatments with five replicates where each experimental unit consisted of a polyethylene pot, with a volume of 19 dm3. The electrical conductivity, the determination and quantification of silicon in soil and plant, liquid photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, transpiration, water use efficiency and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency were analyzed.

Results: With the increase of K2O in the soil there was a tendency of reduction in liquid photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, water use efficiency and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency in the presence and absence of calcium silicate. Higher rates of K2O (300, 450 and 600 kg ha-1) reduced the length and yield of sweet pepper fruits in the presence and absence of calcium silicate. The rate of 150 Kg K2O favored the growth of sweet pepper plants in the presence of calcium silicate.

Conclusion: It is concluded from the research that the dose of 300 kg ha-1 of K2O, in the presence of calcium silicate, provided the best results for the electrical conductivity of 2.76 dS m-1, silicon content in the soil of 5.70 mg kg-1, 14% silicon leaf content, improving photosynthetic rates, transpiration, water use efficiency and fruit production. The increase in salinity reduced fruit yield, in the presence and absence of Si.
Investigating the Impact of the Capital Market Operations on a Developing Economy: The Nigerian Experience (1983 – 2016)
Authors: Ikechukwu Nkwocha Callistus , Anyanwokoro Mike
Published: August 2019

This work is undertaken to investigate the impact of the capital market operation on a developing the economy with the Nigeria experience over the period 1983 to 2016. The study employed the parametric test of Pearson regression to describe and analyze the various indices of the study such as market capitalization, all share index, number of listed securities, number of listed companies and gross domestic product (GDP). The study found that the most significant component of the Nigerian Capital Market is the Market Capitalization and demonstrates a significant correlation with the Nigeria economy. The other variables tested show less than 0.05 correlations implying that individually they also have a significant impact on the GDP meaning that these components have no significant effect on Nigeria economy. Reasons for this are the relatively small size of the few companies listed on the market while most big companies are still owned and funded by the government. The study recommends a comprehensive review of capital market regulations and fresh government policies to encourage the listing of companies to enlarge the market size. This study is beneficial for exposing the relatively small size of the capital market and this tends to foster their inability to contribute meaningfully to economic development during the period.
Methylosome protein 50 associates with the purinergic receptor P2X5 and is involved in osteoclast maturation
Authors: Kim Hyunsoo , Walsh Matthew C. , Yu Jiyeon , Laskoski Paul , Takigawa Kei , Takegahara Noriko , Choi Yongwon
Published: August 2019

Purinergic signaling plays important roles in bone. P2X5, a member of ligand‐gated ion channel receptors, has been demonstrated to regulate osteoclast maturation. However, the molecular mechanism of P2X5‐mediated osteoclast regulation remains unclear. Here, we identified methylosome protein 50 (MEP50), a critical cofactor of the protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5), as a P2X5‐associating molecule. RNAi‐mediated knockdown of MEP50 results in decreased formation of mature osteoclasts. MEP50 associates with P2X5, and this association requires the C‐terminal intracellular region of P2X5. Additionally, impaired maturation of P2X5‐deficient osteoclasts could be restored by transduction of full‐length P2X5, but not a C‐terminal deletion mutant of P2X5. These results indicate that P2X5 associates with MEP50 and suggest a link between the PRMT5 complex and P2X5 signaling in osteoclast maturation.
What Have We Learned About the Course of Clinical Outcomes After Total Knee or Hip Arthroplasty?
Authors: Wieczorek Maud , Rotonda Christine , Guillemin Francis , Rat Anne-Christine
Published: August 2019

Objective

To review homogeneous subgroups with a distinct course of clinical outcomes, to review the course of clinical outcomes in the study population as a whole, where applicable, and to determine the patient characteristics associated with the distinct courses after total knee or hip arthroplasty.

Methods

MEDLINE and PsycInfo databases were searched for relevant studies. Selection criteria were patients ≥18 years old, patients at high risk of or diagnosed with knee or hip osteoarthritis, studies aiming to identify homogeneous subgroups with distinct trajectories or describe the mean change of clinical outcomes, and methodology and analysis designed to identify trajectories (longitudinal design and repeated measures).

Results

Of the 5,128 abstracts retrieved, 23 met inclusion criteria. Most studies (12 of 23) focused on the mean course of outcomes after knee arthroplasty, and the most frequent outcomes reported were pain and physical function. Statistical approaches used, the number of trajectories, and predictors identified were heterogeneous across studies. Strong evidence was found that female sex, a high body mass index, poor mental health, a high number of painful sites, high preoperative pain level, a low preoperative lower‐extremity functioning, and knee arthroplasty were predictors of bad evolution.

Conclusion

Few studies have used trajectory analysis to describe the course of clinical outcomes in homogeneous subgroups of patients. Yet this approach could lead to the identification of predictors of poor postsurgery outcomes that are specific to patients and thus to earlier identification of poor responders to total arthroplasty.
Composite Measures of Disease Activity in Psoriatic Arthritis: Comparative Instrument Performance Based on the Efficacy of Guselkumab in an Interventional Phase II Trial
Authors: Helliwell Philip S. , Deodhar Atul , Gottlieb Alice B. , Boehncke Wolf-Henning , Xu Xie L. , Xu Stephen , Wang Yuhua , Hsia Elizabeth C. , Gladman Dafna D. , Ritchlin Christopher T.
Published: August 2019

Objective

To assess performance of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) composite indices and evaluate guselkumab’s effect on achieving low disease activity or remission.

Methods

In this phase II trial, patients with active PsA (≥3 tender and ≥3 swollen joints, C‐reactive protein level ≥0.3 mg/dl, ≥3% body surface‐area with psoriasis involvement) were randomized 2:1 to subcutaneous guselkumab 100 mg (n = 100) or placebo (n = 49) at week 0, week 4, and every 8 weeks through week 44. At week 16, patients with <5% improvement in swollen and tender joints could early escape to open‐label ustekinumab. Patients continuing placebo crossed over to receive guselkumab 100 mg at weeks 24, 28, 36, and 44 (placebo to guselkumab). PsA composite indices (Psoriatic Arthritis Disease Activity Score [PASDAS], Group for Research and Assessment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis composite score [GRACE], modified Composite Psoriatic Disease Activity Index [mCPDAI], and Disease Activity in Psoriatic Arthritis [DAPSA]) were analyzed as secondary outcomes (last observation carried forward for missing/post–early escape data through week 24; observed data post–week 24). Instrument performance was assessed.

Results

Baseline PASDAS, GRACE, mCPDAI, and DAPSA scores indicated moderate‐to‐high disease activity. At week 24, mean changes in each of these composite indices showed significant improvement with guselkumab (–2.50, –2.73, –3.8, and –23.08, respectively) versus placebo (–0.49, 0.35, –0.8, and –4.98, respectively; P < 0.001 for all). Significantly more guselkumab‐treated patients achieved low/very low/remitted disease activity states according to PASDAS (very low + low 35% versus 4%; P < 0.001), GRACE (30% versus 2%; P < 0.001), mCPDAI (46% versus 10%; P < 0.001), and DAPSA (remission + low 40% versus 12%; P < 0.001). A total of 12% of guselkumab‐treated versus no placebo‐treated patients achieved DAPSA remission (P < 0.01). The PASDAS and GRACE instruments were more sensitive than the mCPDAI and DAPSA tools in detecting treatment effect. Residual skin disease and enthesitis were marginally more prominent in patients achieving DAPSA low disease activity versus other indices.

Conclusion

Guselkumab demonstrated efficacy in achieving low disease activity/remission based on all PsA composite indices assessed. Composite index use in PsA trials and the clinic requires careful consideration to optimize feasibility and instrument performance.
Defining Depression and Anxiety in Individuals With Rheumatic Diseases Using Administrative Health Databases: A Systematic Review
Authors: Howren Alyssa , Aviña‐Zubieta J. Antonio , Puyat Joseph H. , Esdaile John M. , Da Costa Deborah , De Vera Mary A.
Published: August 2019

Objective

To conduct a systematic review to describe how administrative health databases have been used to study depression and anxiety in patients with rheumatic diseases and to synthesize the case definitions that have been applied.

Methods

Search strategies to identify articles evaluating depression and anxiety among individuals with rheumatic diseases were employed in Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and PsycINFO. Studies included were those using administrative health data and reporting case definitions for depression and anxiety using International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes. We extracted information on study design and objectives, administrative health database, specific data sources (e.g., inpatient, pharmacy records), ICD codes, operational definitions, and validity of case definitions.

Results

Of the 36 studies included in this review, all studies assessed depression, and 13 studies (36.1%) evaluated anxiety. A number of specific ICD‐9/10 codes were consistently applied to identify depression and anxiety, but the overall combination of ICD codes and operational definitions varied across studies. Twenty‐four studies reported operational definitions, and 19 of these studies (79.2%) combined claims from more than 1 type of administrative data source (e.g., inpatient, outpatient). Validated case definitions were used by 6 studies (16.7%), with sensitivity estimates for depression and anxiety case definitions ranging from 33% to 74% and 42% to 76%, respectively.

Conclusion

We identified numerous case definitions used to evaluate depression and anxiety among individuals with rheumatic diseases within administrative health databases. Recommendations include using case definitions with demonstrated validity as well as operationalizing case definitions within multiple data sources.
Effect of a Nationwide Real‐Time Drug Utilization Review System on Duplicated Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drug Prescriptions in Korea
Authors: Jung Sun‐Young , Jang Eun Jin , Choi Seongmi , Im Seul Gi , Kim Dalho , Cho Soo‐Kyung , Kim Hyoungyoung , Sung Yoon‐Kyoung
Published: August 2019

Objective

Since January 2013, a nationwide drug utilization review (DUR) system for therapeutic duplication (TD) of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has been implemented in Korea. Our objective was to perform an interrupted time series study to assess changes in the pattern of NSAIDs use in knee osteoarthritis patients after implementation of the regulations.

Methods

We compared the prescribing patterns in 2012 and 2013 by means of an interrupted time series study, using the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database. TD was defined as use of concurrent NSAIDs either on the same or on different prescriptions for >3 days in a patient. Level change and trend change (with 95% confidence intervals [95% CIs]), and absolute and relative changes in the proportion of TDs, were estimated using segmented regression models. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to explore patient and provider characteristics associated with the TDs.

Results

Approximately 2.5 million patients were prescribed NSAIDs in both 2012 and 2013. The proportion of TDs before and after introduction of the DUR system was 7.4% and 5.6%, respectively. Overall, an absolute reduction of 89% and a relative reduction of 30% in TDs were observed. In the postregulation period, older patients, medical aid subscribers (odds ratio [OR] 1.87 [95% CI 1.84, 1.90]), and veterans (OR 3.28 [95% CI 3.10, 3.46]) were most likely to receive NSAID TDs.

Conclusion

The prescription of NSAID TDs decreased with the introduction of the nationwide DUR system. Continuous adherence to the DUR regulations and safety monitoring are needed, especially with the elderly, medical aid subscribers, and veterans.
Fingerprint‐Inspired Conducting Hierarchical Wrinkles for Energy‐Harvesting E‐Skin
Authors: Kang Hyungseok , Zhao Chunlin , Huang Jinrong , Ho Dong Hae , Megra Yonas Tsegaye , Suk Ji Won , Sun Jia , Wang Zhong Lin , Sun Qijun , Cho Jeong Ho
Published: August 2019

In the field of bionics, sophisticated and multifunctional electronic skins with a mechanosensing function that are inspired by nature are developed. Here, an energy‐harvesting electronic skin (energy‐E‐skin), i.e., a pressure sensor with energy‐harvesting functions is demonstrated, based on fingerprint‐inspired conducting hierarchical wrinkles. The conducting hierarchical wrinkles, fabricated via 2D stretching and subsequent Ar plasma treatment, are composed of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) wrinkles as the primary microstructure and embedded Ag nanowires (AgNWs) as the secondary nanostructure. The structure and resistance of the conducting hierarchical wrinkles are deterministically controlled by varying the stretching direction, Ar plasma power, and treatment time. This hierarchical‐wrinkle‐based conductor successfully harvests mechanical energy via contact electrification and electrostatic induction and also realizes self‐powered pressure sensing. The energy‐E‐skin delivers an average output power of 3.5 mW with an open‐circuit voltage of 300 V and a short‐circuit current of 35 µA; this power is sufficient to drive commercial light‐emitting diodes and portable electronic devices. The hierarchical‐wrinkle‐based conductor is also utilized as a self‐powered tactile pressure sensor with a sensitivity of 1.187 mV Pa‐1 in both contact‐separation mode and the single‐electrode mode. The proposed energy‐E‐skin has great potential for use as a next‐generation multifunctional artificial skin, self‐powered human–machine interface, wearable thin‐film power source, and so on.
A Review of Experimental and Computational Advances in Thermal Boundary Conductance and Nanoscale Thermal Transport across Solid Interfaces
Authors: Giri Ashutosh , Hopkins Patrick E.
Published: August 2019

Interfacial thermal resistance is the primary impediment to heat flow in materials and devices as characteristic lengths become comparable to the mean‐free paths of the energy carriers. This thermal boundary conductance across solid interfaces at the nanoscale can affect a plethora of applications. The recent experimental and computational advances that have led to significant atomistic insights into the nanoscopic thermal transport mechanisms at interfaces between various types of materials are summarized. The authors focus on discussions of works that have pushed the limits to interfacial heat transfer and drastically increased the understanding of thermal boundary conductance on the atomic and nanometer scales near solid/solid interfaces. Specifically, the role of localized interfacial modes on the energy conversion processes occurring at interfaces is emphasized in this review. The authors also focus on experiments and computational works that have challenged the traditionally used phonon gas models in interpreting the physical mechanisms driving interfacial energy transport. Finally, the authors discuss the future directions and avenues of research that can further the knowledge of heat transfer across systems with broken symmetries.
Gas Responsive Nanoswitch: Copper Oxide Composite for Highly Selective H2S Detection
Authors: Paul Andrej , Schwind Bertram , Weinberger Christian , Tiemann Michael , Wagner Thorsten
Published: August 2019

A nanocomposite material based on copper(II) oxide (CuO) and its utilization as a highly selective and stable gas‐responsive electrical switch for hydrogen sulphide (H2S) detection is presented. The material can be applied as a sensitive layer for H2S monitoring, e.g., in biogas gas plants. CuO nanoparticles are embedded in a rigid, nanoporous silica (SiO2) matrix to form an electrical percolating network of low conducting CuO and, upon exposure to H2S, highly conducting copper(II) sulphide (CuS) particles. By steric hindrance due to the silica pore walls, the structure of the network is maintained even though the reversible reaction of CuO to CuS is accompanied by significant volume expansion. The conducting state of the percolating network can be controlled by a variety of parameters, such as temperature, electrode layout, and network topology of the porous silica matrix. The latter means that this new type of sensing material has a structure‐encoded detection limit for H2S, which offers new application opportunities. The fabrication process of the mesoporous CuO@SiO2composite as well as the sensor design and characteristics are described in detail. In addition, theoretical modeling of the percolation effect by Monte‐Carlo simulations yields deeper insight into the underlying percolation mechanism and the observed response characteristics.
High‐Order Shift Current Induced Terahertz Emission from Inorganic Cesium Bromine Lead Perovskite Engendered by Two‐Photon Absorption
Authors: He Yuhang , Su Rui , Huang Yuanyuan , Zhou Yixuan , Zhao Qiyi , Khurgin Jacob B. , Xiong Qihua , Xu Xinlong
Published: August 2019

High‐order nonlinear optical phenomena are interesting from a fundamental point of view as they reveal intrinsic symmetries of the materials. Potentially they can also be used for practical optoelectronic applications. High‐order shift current is one of these phenomena, and yet it has never been detected in experiments, primarily due to the difficulty in conventional contact detection. In this work, the shift current due to the two‐photon absorption (TPA) from all‐inorganic perovskite CsPbBr3 is first observed by a contactless and nondestructive terahertz (THz) emission method. The results reveal that the THz emission is dominated by a high‐order shift current (fourth‐order nonlinear optical effect) with the below‐bandgap photon energy of femtosecond laser excitation. The high‐order shift current origins from the broken inversion symmetry induced by the dynamic stereochemical activity of the Pb2+ lone pair. A microscopic TPA‐assisted nonlinear optical model is presented to describe the photophysical process of the THz emission. The model matches well with the quadratic pump fluence and angular dependence of the THz emission. This work can not only open a new venue for the all‐inorganic perovskite‐based nonlinear optoelectronics and THz devices, but also afford a THz technology for the high‐order nonlinear effect analysis.
Low‐Energy Room‐Temperature Healing of Cellular Metals
Authors: Hsain Zakaria , Pikul James H.
Published: August 2019

Healing metallic materials involves high temperatures and large energy inputs. This work demonstrates rapid, effective, low‐energy, and room‐temperature healing of metallic materials by using electrochemistry and polymer‐coated cellular nickel to mimic the transport‐mediated healing of bone. The polymer coating enables selective healing only at the fracture site, electrochemical reactions transport metal ions from a metal source to fractured areas, and the cellular structure of the metal allows facile ion transport to healing sites and effective recovery of strength and toughness when the cellular metal is subjected to three types of damage (scission fracture, tensile failure, and plastic deformation). Using this strategy, samples fractured in tension and by scission recover 100% of their tensile strength in as little as 10 and 4 h of healing. The healing process is stochastic, thus a statistical method is used to quantify and predict the likelihood of achieving target healing strengths based on energy input. This electrochemistry‐based approach enables the first demonstration of room‐temperature healing of structural metallic materials and requires several orders of magnitude less energy than many previously reported metal healing techniques.
Distributed Biological Foundries for Global Health
Authors: Gomez‐Marquez Jose , Hamad‐Schifferli Kimberly
Published: August 2019

Historically, many industries such as manufacturing have undergone a trend away from centralized, large‐scale production toward a more distributed form. Currently, this same trend is witnessed in biological manufacturing and bioprocessing, with the rise of biological foundries where one can synthesize, grow, isolate, and purify a broad range of biologics. The adoption of distributed practices for biological processing has significant implications for healthcare, diagnostics, and therapies. This essay discusses the many diverse factors that have facilitated this growth, ranging from the establishment of available biological components, or “parts,” low‐cost programmable hardware, and others. Currently existing examples of distributed biological foundries are also identified, separating the discussion into those that are accessible only by elite users and the more recent emerging foundries that are more accessible to the general population. Taking lessons from other fields, it is argued that this trend toward distributed biological manufacturing is inevitable, so adapting to this trend is important for the progress of creating new therapeutics, sensors, diagnostics, and reagents for biomedical applications.