bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Una roca intrusiva en el corazón de Antioquia: Piedra en la III Bienal Internacional de Medellín (1972)
Authors: Rueda Fajardo Santiago
Published: July 2020

La segunda y tercera bienales internacionales de arte de Coltejer, celebradas en Medellín en 1970 y 1972, constituyen los más importantes eventos de arte de vanguardia de esa década en Colombia. La calidad y afluencia de los artistas internacionales invitados -nunca antes habían sido tantos ni de tan alta valía- no volverá a verse ni en esa década ni en la siguiente en Colombia hasta el actual mileno. Este texto sitúa los debates alrededor de la obra Piedra, de Carlos Ginzburg, presentada en la Bienal de 1972. Esta obra nos sirve como prisma para examinar las condiciones, logros y aciertos de estos eventos -cuya historia no ha sido contada- y los debates y fricciones que contribuyeron a su temprano fin.
Carta a los autores y convocatoria permanente
Authors: Gómez Moreno Pedro Pablo
Published: July 2020

De vez en cuando es necesario recordar a los investigadores y creadores, interesados en publicar en Estudios Artísticos, los términos generales de la política editorial que guía nuestras actividades de socialización de conocimientos sensibles producidos en los campos de las artes y las culturas.
The Impact of Audit Committees on the Realization of an Integration Relationship between Internal and External Audit when Conducting Audits. A Study on Public Shareholding Corporations
Authors: KHERSIAT Ola Mohammad
Published: July 2020

This study aims to investigate methods of achieving an integrating relationship between internal and external audit when conducting audit procedures in Jordanian public shareholding corporations, as well as investigate the impact of audit committees achieving such a relationship since an effective internal audit effective  the external auditor`s estimations regarding control risks. The study concludes that all aspects of the realization of an integration relation between internal and external audit have achieved a fair ratio exceeding 60%. Spearman test was used to show the nature of the relationship between the internal and external audit. The test results showed that the relationship between these methods is vulnerable in Jordanian public shareholding corporations, and that audit committees have no statistically significant impact on achieving an integrating relationship between internal and external audits  in conducting audit in Jordanian public shareholding corporations, since the ratio of audit committees interpretation (R2) which amounted to (.145) of the dependent variable difference ( achieving an integrating relationship between internal and external audit in conducting audit) is relatively low, and that the P- value derived for this relation amounted to (.615) which is more than (5%) .
Formation of Mass Media Law in the Post-Soviet Russia: Constitutional Foundations and Stages
Authors: PIRBUDAGOVA Diana Shamilyevna , OMAROVA Anzhelika Mikhailovna
Published: July 2020

Today, countries are developing new forms of interaction between state and mass media and expanding their regulatory frameworks. In several states, specific integrated institutes and legal sectors have been formed that regulate the legal status of mass media.

Since the early 1990s, the Russian Federation has been working on special rules governing the constitutional status of mass media. During this period, a comprehensive media institute formed in the framework of information law, which later transformed into mass media law. The evolution of this institute is of particular scientific interest, as Russia did not have any law on mass media until the end of the 20th century.
Problems of Implementation of the Constitutional Complaint in Ukraine and Ways to Resolve them
Authors: SHCHERBANYUK Oksana
Published: July 2020

The article explores the problems of implementation of the constitutional complaint in Ukraine and proposes ways of its solving. In terms of integration of Ukraine to the European Union there is a harmonization of the Ukrainian legislation to the European standards, so the analysis of foreign experience of functioning of institute of constitutional complaint is necessary to solve the problems in this area. Therefore, the main method in methodology of research of problems of implementation of constitutional complaints is comparative legal. As from 2016, Ukraine has introduced a normative model of individual constitutional complaint, which allowed physical persons and legal entities of private law to apply to the Constitutional Court of Ukraine for protection of violated constitutional rights, freedoms and legitimate interests. The article analyzes the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine clarifies the admissibility criteria of the constitutional complaint in Ukraine, the procedural filters and proposed solutions of problems to improve the protection of rights and lawful interests of persons. It is concluded that the mechanism of the submission and consideration of the constitutional complaint, the algorithm of selection (filtering) of the constitutional complaints needs significant improvement with consideration for the European experience. In our opinion, the legal effect of the constitutional-legal institution will be made only in connection with the introduction of a complete, not normative constitutional complaint, which will significantly increase the responsibility of subjects of law-making, law enforcement, protection of human rights and ensure the authority of the Constitution of Ukraine.
Ways to Improve the Competitiveness of Agricultural Production in Kazakhstan
Authors: TIREUOV Kanat M. , KERIMOVA Ukilyay K. , TUREKULOV Suleimen A.
Published: July 2020

Kazakhstan, which occupies the 9th place in the world and the 3rd place in the territory per capita, has great potential for the development of agriculture. There are 15 ha of land per inhabitant, including 1.3 ha of arable land. In recent years, gross agricultural output has exceeded 4.0 trillion tenge. The purpose of this study is to present the current state of agricultural activity in Kazakhstan and to search for effective ways to improve the quality and profitability of products manufactured by agricultural cooperatives. Improving the competitiveness of agricultural production in Kazakhstan can be achieved in several ways. As a result of the study, we presented the following methods: preserving resources, developing infrastructure, improving quality and expanding the range of products, improving sales quality and promoting products in the domestic and foreign markets, as well as introducing innovative technologies, as an extension of cooperation and integration.
Cross Border M&A’s in ASEAN and India: A Comparative Critique
Authors: TIWARI Avin , SHUKLA Gaurav , PANDEY Suesh Kumar
Published: July 2020

Cross-border merger and acquisitions (hereinafter, M&A’s) have increased exponentially in Asia since the mid-1990s due to the liberalization of the economy, the deregulation of the service sector, privatization of state-owned public enterprises, and the relaxation of regulatory controls over cross-border M&A's. ASEAN economies and India are significant players in the global arena for cross-border M&A's, and thus, their importance cannot be undermined. Cross-border M&A's have distinctive implications on the socio-economic scenario of a Nation, and most importantly, it impacts substantial change in legal dimensions, involving compliance requirements, acquisition procedures, and tax liabilities.

The present study is a doctrinal one; the primary objective being, a legislative frame analysis of select ASEAN countries and India with regards to cross-border M&A’s. The top five ASEAN countries, viz., Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand were selected on account of the cross-border trade volume over the past decade. The authors applied comparative and analytical methods to pursue the research inquiry. The second objective was to ascertain the vital macro-economic factors playing a decisive role in the outcome of cross-border M&A’s in the select region. Here the authors highlighted the relationship between certain macro-economic factors like trade openness, financial integration, increased inflation, increased GDP, etc. which positively impact M&As. The third and final objective was to analyze the trends of cross border M&A’s in the select region for the past decade, i.e. 2008 to 2018, as this period perfectly encapsulates a complete economic cycle from depression to boom alongside major legal developments in the field of cross-border M&A’s around the world. Furthermore, while undergoing the study, the authors highlighted certain risk factors in terms of competition, transaction, and people with regards to cross border M&A’s in the select region. Findings from the study indicated that ASEAN economies have little experience in framing and enforcing competition policies, hence, a suitable policy to reduce risk is the immediate need of the hour.
Problems of Social and Economic Optimization in Russia
Authors: TROSHIN Alexander , STOLYAROVA Vera , STOLYAROVA Zlata , SANDU Ivan , BOTASHEVA Lydmila
Published: July 2020

At the current stage of economic development, there is a lot of discussions about optimization policies, which have become widespread in both the industrial and sociocultural spheres. There are ambiguous positions on the justification of its application and various interpretations of the phenomenon itself, which balance in the corridor of polar opinions from categorically negative, to acceptable and necessary. Despite the fact that economic experts traditionally see optimization as a way to improve the efficiency of all management systems and, consequently, increase the competitiveness of the national economy, among the population the latest results of such a policy have been persistently rejected. Moreover, optimization is perceived by most people primitively, through simple cutback of the number of social institutions, merger of enterprises, monopoly threats that leads to job losses, on the one hand, and towards quality deterioration of goods and services, on the other hand. Meanwhile, optimization remains the key factor of the growth of the competitiveness of the economy in a global scale. Thus, it is necessary to investigate the phenomenon of optimization of the socio-economic sphere, to understand the reasons for the divergence of the concept itself and to analyze possible options for adapting the optimization strategy to modern Russian conditions.
Introduction: 5 years of ELEUK
Authors: Lallana Amparo , Hernández Martín Lourdes , Fuertes Gutiérrez Mara
Published: July 2020

We are delighted to be able to present to you this fifth anniversary volume which inaugurates a series of publications emanating from conferences organised by ELEUK, the Association for the Teaching of Spanish in Higher Education in the United Kingdom (www.eleuk.org). Nearly a decade ago, Spanish Language Teaching (SLT) was going from strength to strength across higher education; however, there were hardly any conferences or professional development events within the UK dedicated specifically to the teaching of Spanish. University colleagues and language professionals got together to launch a space from where to promote the teaching and learning of Spanish, foster research in SLT, provide opportunities for teacher development, facilitate collaboration among its members, and enhance subject expertise.
La correlación de tiempos en subjuntivo: el caso del periodismo escrito argentino y la interpretación de la discordancia temporal
Authors: García Negroni María Marta
Published: July 2020

Es sabido que el subjuntivo plantea serias dificultades para los estudiantes de español como lengua extranjera, sobre todo para aquellos que no poseen este modo en su lengua materna. Pero la complejidad del subjuntivo no se limita a los contextos en que puede aparecer. También se manifiesta en la cuestión de la concordancia temporal en oraciones subordinadas completivas en al menos algunas variedades regionales del español. En este trabajo, se considera el caso de la variedad argentina y se analizan empleos del presente de subjuntivo en contextos en los que, de acuerdo con las reglas de la concordancia temporal, debería haber aparecido el imperfecto. En un corpus constituido por textos periodísticos argentinos recientes, el análisis pone en evidencia que, en estos casos, el empleo discordante del presente de subjuntivo se interpreta como la huella del locutor, que muestra su posicionamiento subjetivo respecto del evento denotado por el verbo subordinado.
El uso del debate estructurado en clase como herramienta para desarrollar el pensamiento crítico en la clase de ELE
Authors: Acosta Lidia
Published: July 2020

Conseguir que el alumno de Español como Lengua Extranjera (ELE) pueda participar en una conversación más allá de la mera repetición de estructuras gramaticales previamente aprendidas y que a la vez pueda entender lo que le responden es uno de los objetivos últimos del profesor de ELE. Sin embargo, para poder lograrlo debemos asegurarnos desde el principio de que los aprendientes participan de forma activa en el proceso de aprendizaje, por ejemplo, a través de la cooperación y la comunicación. Sin embargo, los estudiantes sólo pueden llegar a ser usuarios competentes de la lengua si, además de usar la lengua y conocer su significado, son capaces de mostrar un pensamiento creativo y crítico a través de la misma. Por lo tanto, para poder participar de forma exitosa en una conversación, no se trata tan solo de disponer de mucha información, sino de poder discernir y tomar decisiones razonadas a través de un pensamiento crítico. En este artículo describo el uso del Debate Estructurado en Clase (DEC), entendido este como un tipo de debate en el que grupos de estudiantes discuten una pregunta preparada de antemano, como herramienta para ayudarlos a desarrollar su pensamiento crítico y aumentar la participación. Con esta actividad se persigue que antes de participar en un debate en clase, además de trabajar su expresión oral, los aprendientes obtengan los recursos necesarios para poder identificar la pregunta del debate, investigarla, analizarla, reflexionar sobre ella y llegar a conclusiones coherentes y razonadas.
Relevancia práctica de la nueva normativa sobre comportamientos desleales en las relaciones entre empresas en la cadena agroalimentaria: la Directiva (UE) 2019/633
Authors: Vázquez Ruano Trinidad , Latorre Ruiz Juan
Published: July 2020

The work we present addresses the new challenges that arise in the European framework regarding the agri-food chain, following the recent approval of Directive (EU) 2019/633 of 17 April on unfair trading practices in business-to-business relationships in the agricultural and food supply chain. The European Commission has dealt with small and medium-sized food and agricultural companies, producers and farmers in the food supply chain who represent a vulnerable sector in the agri-food supply chain. The new normative text aims to limit the possible unfair trading practices that are carried out in the supply chain and that involve the alteration of the equal opportunities of small and medium-sized food and agricultural companies, producers and farmers. Fundamentally due to the diverse negotiation capacity, in accordance with the proposals for the modernisation of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP).
Development of Graphic Symbol Cards for the Use of the Guardianship System for People with Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Chae Soojung , Mun Chaeyoung , Kim Jungin ,   Korean Society of Augmentative and Alternative Communication
Published: July 2020

Background and Objective: A book with simple sentences and pictures has been published to enable people with developmental disabilities to understand and use the guardianship system. But, there remains a limit to introducing the guardianship system to people with severe developmental disabilities in understanding the humanities. Thus, the purpose of this study was to support services that reflect the will of people with developmental disabilities in the process of filing appeals for guardianship by producing data on guardianship in an easy-to-use form. Method: A prior study is considered for extracting vocabulary necessary for graphic symbol cards development, and validity evaluation for the extracted 119 vocabularies was performed. Also, the validity of the graphic symbols were evaluated and the graphic symbols were verified. Results: The graphic symbol cards comprised 157 vocabularies in nine areas, and the validity of the vocabularies and the graphic symbols had shown high validity to the parties to people with developmental disabilities, parents, and experts. Conclusion: Developed graphic symbol cards are designed to enable people with developmental disabilities to understand and use the guardianship system, and to support their independent lives based on self-determination. In the future, research on the development of graphic symbol cards that reflect the characteristics and preferences of people with developmental disabilities should be continuously conducted.
GeoAAC, A Location-based Augmentative and Alternative Communication Mobile Application
Authors: Cho Hee , Hong Ki-Hyung ,   Korean Society of Augmentative and Alternative Communication
Published: July 2020

Background and Objective: Many AAC mobile applications have been developed to help people with communication disorders. However, the current AAC mobile applications are inconvenient. Users must select suitable communication boards manually for their current locations and situations. The purpose of this study was to design and develop a mobile application that automatically recommends appropriate communication boards for users’ current locations. Method: We designed an algorithm to recommend location-based communication boards. First, the algorithm finds the POI (point-of-interest) locations around the current users’ location, and then determines the location based boards of the retrieved POI locations and recommends the boards most suitable for users’ current location. Results: Based on the designed algorithm, we implemented a location-based AAC mobile application. In addition to the recommendation of location-based AAC boards, the mobile application supports the generation of customized location based boards and symbols for specific locations according to users’ needs. The mobile application also provides built-in location-based boards for the POI locations. Conclusion: In this study, we developed a location-based AAC mobile application. By using the application, users can be free from the overhead in selecting the appropriate communication board for a specific location. We expect that the application will enable more efficient interaction between people with communication disorders and others.
Biochemical biomarkers alterations in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: Ciaccio Marcello , Agnello Luisa
Published: July 2020

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a respiratory disease, which can evolve into multi-organ failure (MOF), leading to death. Several biochemical alterations have been described in COVID-19 patients. To date, many biomarkers reflecting the main pathophysiological characteristics of the disease have been identified and associated with the risk of developing severe disease. Lymphopenia represents the hallmark of the disease, and it can be detected since the early stage of infection. Increased levels of several inflammatory biomarkers, including c-reactive protein, have been found in COVID-19 patients and associated with an increased risk of severe disease, which is characterised by the so-called “cytokine storm”. Also, the increase of cardiac and liver dysfunction biomarkers has been associated with poor outcome. In this review, we provide an overview of the main biochemical characteristics of COVID-19 and the associated biomarkers alterations.
Assessment of Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Diamond-Like Carbon Coatings on the Ti13Nb13Zr Alloy
Authors: Piotrowska Katarzyna , Granek Arkadiusz , Madej Monika
Published: July 2020

The paper presents the results of tests on the geometric structure of the surface, hardness and tribological tests of coatings produced by the method of physical vapor deposition (PVD) on the Ti13Nb13Zr alloy. Hardness was determined using MCT3 from Anton Paar, by instrumental indentation. A diamond indenter with Berkovich geometry was used for the measurement.Model tribological tests were carried out in reciprocating motion under conditions of technically dry friction, friction with lubrication of synovial fluid and Ringer’s solution. The counter-sample in the tested friction nodes was a ball of Al2O3 with a diameter of 6 mm. Nanometer hardness measurements showed that as a result of the diamond-like carbon coating (DLC), the hardness increased by an 7-fold. The lowest friction coefficients among all tested friction nodes were obtained for the material combination Ti13Nb13Zr a-C:H - Al2O3 regardless of the conditions of testing. In the case of technically dry friction, the coefficient of friction decreased by 80%, synovial fluid by 70%, and in the case of Ringer’s solution by 88% compared to the results obtained for Ti13Nb13Zr.
Not So Vain After All: Hannah Arendt’s Reception of Ecclesiastes
Authors: Lasater Phillip Michael
Published: July 2020

Although Hannah Arendt only explicitly references the book of Ecclesiastes in order to contrast its views with her own, she and Qoheleth parallel each other on substantive issues. After showing how an influential translation of a key motif from Ecclesiastes led Arendt to misapprehend Qoheleth, this study unpacks their intellectual common ground on matters of affirming worldly life; the nature of action; and critical views of the human heart. Yet this third area which addresses human nature also highlights a divergence between them on how thinking relates to the problem of evil.
Designing Efficient Dyadic Operations for Cryptographic Applications
Authors: Banegas Gustavo , Barreto Paulo S. L. M. , Persichetti Edoardo , Santini Paolo
Published: July 2020

Cryptographic primitives from coding theory are some of the most promising candidates for NIST’s Post-Quantum Cryptography Standardization process. In this paper, we introduce a variety of techniques to improve operations on dyadic matrices, a particular type of symmetric matrices that appear in the automorphism group of certain linear codes. Besides the independent interest, these techniques find an immediate application in practice. In fact, one of the candidates for the Key Exchange functionality, called DAGS, makes use of quasi-dyadic matrices to provide compact keys for the scheme.
On finite dual Cayley graphs
Authors: Pan Jiangmin
Published: July 2020

A Cayley graphΓ\Gammaon a groupGis called adual Cayley graphonGif the left regular representation ofGis a subgroup of the automorphism group ofΓ\Gamma(note that the right regular representation ofGis always an automorphism group ofΓ\Gamma). In this article, we study finite dual Cayley graphs regarding identification, construction, transitivity and such graphs with automorphism groups as small as possible. A few problems worth further research are also proposed.
CT findings of severe novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A case report of Heilongjiang Province, China
Authors: Wang Ziao , Jiang Huijie , Jiang Hao , Zheng Ruoshui , Yi Ru
Published: July 2020

2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19, previously known as novel coronavirus pneumonia) was first discovered in December 2019 and spread widely in China and all over the world in 2020. The initial symptoms of most patients include fever, cough, and fatigue. Dyspnea may occur with the progress of the disease, and acute respiratory distress syndrome may occur in severe cases. The CT manifestations of this disease are mainly ground-glass opacity (GGO) in the lung, which may be accompanied by patchy consolidation, and fibrous changes may appear in the lung at the later stage of the disease. Combined with typical clinical and imaging findings and positive nucleic acid test results, the disease can be diagnosed. We report the first case of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Heilongjiang Province, China. The patient was seriously ill, who felt that he suffered from fever, fatigue, cough, and expectoration and sought medical treatment, with a history of contact with Wuhan. The leukocyte count was normal, and the lymphocyte count was decreased. CT imaging showed large GGO and partial patchy consolidation in both lungs. The patient recovered and was discharged after 26 days of treatment. This study is helpful for early diagnosis and timely clinical management by mastering the typical imaging of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19).
Moral psychology of sex robots: An experimental study − how pathogen disgust is associated with interhuman sex but not interandroid sex
Authors: Koverola Mika , Drosinou Marianna , Palomäki Jussi , Halonen Juho , Kunnari Anton , Repo Marko , Lehtonen Noora , Laakasuo Michael
Published: July 2020

The idea of sex with robots seems to fascinate the general public, raising both enthusiasm and revulsion. We ran two experimental studies (Ns = 172 and 260) where we compared people’s reactions to variants of stories about a person visiting a bordello. Our results show that paying for the services of a sex robot is condemned less harshly than paying for the services of a human sex worker, especially if the payer is married. We have for the first time experimentally confirmed that people are somewhat unsure about whether using a sex robot while in a committed monogamous relationship should be considered as infidelity. We also shed light on the psychological factors influencing attitudes toward sex robots, including disgust sensitivity and interest in science fiction. Our results indicate that sex with a robot is indeed genuinely considered as sex, and a sex robot is genuinely seen as a robot; thus, we show that standard research methods on sexuality and robotics are also applicable in research on sex robotics.
Modelo optimizado para cabezales rectangulares apoyados sobre un grupo de pilotes: Parte 2) Diseño óptimo
Authors: Farias Montemayor Oscar Mario , Luévanos Rojas Arnulfo , López Chavarría Sandra , Medina Elizondo Manuel
Published: July 2020

La primera parte de esta investigación presenta un modelo optimizado para cabezales o zapatas rectangulares apoyadas sobre un grupo de pilotes para obtener la superficie mínima en planta (área óptima) que soporta una carga axial y dos momentos sobre el eje X y Y debido a una columna. La presente investigación muestra el diseño óptimo (costo mínimo) para cabezales. Este modelo considera que los cabezales son perfectamente rígidos y los pilotes están articulados en la unión de los cabezales con los pilotes y, por lo tanto, los pilotes transmiten solamente carga vertical. La metodología normalmente utilizada para obtener el diseño de los cabezales considera que todos los pilotes transmiten la misma carga vertical; esto funciona únicamente cuando la columna transmite carga axial y no momentos. Además, cinco tipos de cabezales apoyadas sobre un grupo formado por dos, tres, cuatro, cinco y seis pilotes se muestran para demostrar la precisión del modelo presentado en este documento.
Estadio clínico tardío de cáncer de mama en el estado de Jalisco: magnitud y variaciones espaciotemporales
Authors: Reyna Sevilla Antonio , Ramos Herrera Igor Martín , González Castañeda Miguel Ernesto , Cruz Ramos Alfonso
Published: July 2020

Los registros oficiales indican que, en Jalisco, México, el diagnóstico de cáncer de mama (Cama) en mujeres generalmente se realiza en fases avanzadas. Mediante datos georreferenciados de pacientes atendidas en un hospital de tercer nivel, se identificó la magnitud y variación espaciotemporal asociada a estadio clínico tardío (IIb, IIIa, IIIb, IIIc, IV) por municipio de residencia en el trienio 2013-2015. Los municipios Acatic, Atoyac y Zapotlanejo mostraron un incremento en la tasa estimada para este periodo, cuyo valor fue 44.6, 17.7 y 19.2 por cada cien mil mujeres mayores de 20 años, respectivamente. Además, el riesgo de estadio tardío se incrementó hasta cuatro veces según el municipio de residencia. Los resultados sugieren cuáles son los municipios donde se requiere mejorar la detección y diagnóstico de Cama, pero sobre todo garantizar un tratamiento oportuno para las mujeres que residen en los lugares de mayor riesgo, en apego a lineamientos establecidos en la NOM 041-SSA2-2011.
Degradabilidad y producción de metano in vitro del follaje de árboles y arbustos con potencial en la nutrición de rumiantes
Authors: Pérez-Can Genesis Ester , Tzec-Gamboa Magnolia , Albores-Moreno Samuel , Sanginés-García José , Aguilar-Urquizo Edgar , Chay-Canul Alfonso , Canul-Solis Jorge , Muñoz-Gonzalez Juan , Diaz-Echeverria Victor , Piñeiro-Vázquez Angel Trinidad
Published: July 2020

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar el valor nutritivo, la fermentación ruminal y la producción de metano in vitro del follaje de especies arbóreas y arbustivas con potencial forrajero como estrategias de alimentación en época de secas y mitigación de las emisiones de metano. El líquido ruminal fue extraído por medio de una sonda esofágica.   Se utilizó un diseño en bloques repetidos en el tiempo. El contenido de proteína cruda (PC) y fibra detergente neutro y acida fluctuaron de 6.14% a 21.78%, 44.34% a 77.43% y 16.12% a 49.53% de materia seca (MS). No se encontró diferencia en el volumen máximo de gas (p > 0.05). La degradabilidad fue diferente, observando la mejor en Tithonia diversifolia (760.40 g/kg de MS), Morus alba (800.66 g/kg de MS) y Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (800.16 g/kg de MS), mientras que la más baja fue Megatryrsus maximus (390.40 g/kg de MS y 287.40 g/kg de materia orgánica (MO)) (p < 0.05). No se observó diferencia en la producción de metano (CH4) (p > 0.05). Se concluye que L. leucocephala, P. piscipula, B. alicastrum y G. ulmifolia, T. diversifolia y M. alba tienen un alto potencial para ser incluidos en la dieta de rumiantes como fuentes de proteína en época de secas y estrategias para mitigar las emisiones de metano.
Exercise Benefits and Recommendations for the 6-Week Postpartum Period
Authors: Loewen Brandon , Collum Connor , Ryan Greg A.
Published: July 2020

The postpartum period is the stage after childbirth and is associated with many physical and psychological changes. Exercise has been shown to be beneficial for both the physical and psychological health of a new mother. Previous literature has examined the effect of both aerobic and resistance training in this period; however, there have been no clear guidelines and recommendations provided. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to review the benefits of exercise in the postpartum period, and to provide guidelines and a sample 6-week aerobic and resistance training program after exercise initiation after delivery and medical clearance. A video abstract describing this article can be found in Supplemental Digital Content 1 (see video, http://links.lww.com/SCJ/A295).
Association Between Physical Activity, Sleep Quality and Handgrip Strength in Medical Student
Authors: Amanah Salma Rizqi , Citrawati Mila
Published: July 2020

This study was conducted to determine the association between physical activity and sleep quality with handgrip muscles strength of medical students at Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jakarta. This study was an analytical observational with cross sectional design. The participants were 75 male students aged 18-22 years old. Random sampling was used for this study. Measurement of physical activity was carried out using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) and sleep quality using the Pitsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire. The strength of handgrip muscle was measured using Camry Handgrip Dynamometer. Result showed there was a significant association between physical activity with handgrip strength with significance value of p =0,000 (p <0,05) and sleep quality with p = 0,003 (p <0,05) using 95% CI. Multivariate test showed physical activity had more dominant association with handgrip strength with an OR score of 4,608 . Based on the result, it can be concluded student with good sleep quality and higher level of physical activity tend to have stronger handgrip muscle with physical activity as dominant factor.
Management of Endocrine Disease: Osteogenesis imperfecta: an update on clinical features and therapies
Authors: Marom Ronit , Rabenhorst Brien M , Morello Roy
Published: July 2020

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is an inherited skeletal dysplasia characterized by bone fragility and skeletal deformities. While the majority of cases are associated with pathogenic variants in COL1A1 and COL1A2, the genes encoding type I collagen, up to 25% of cases are associated with other genes that function within the collagen biosynthesis pathway or are involved in osteoblast differentiation and bone mineralization. Clinically, OI is heterogeneous in features and variable in severity. In addition to the skeletal findings, it can affect multiple systems including dental and craniofacial abnormalities, muscle weakness, hearing loss, respiratory and cardiovascular complications. A multi-disciplinary approach to care is recommended to address not only the fractures, reduced mobility, growth and bone pain but also other extra-skeletal manifestations. While bisphosphonates remain the mainstay of treatment in OI, new strategies are being explored, such as sclerostin inhibitory antibodies and TGF beta inhibition, to address not only the low bone mineral density but also the inherent bone fragility. Studies in animal models have expanded the understanding of pathomechanisms of OI and, along with ongoing clinical trials, will allow to develop better therapeutic approaches for these patients.
Modification of the atomic structure of liquid Al0.973Ni0.027 eutectic alloy by carbon nanotubes
Authors: Shtablavyi I. , Kovalskyi O. , Plechystyy V. , Pashko Yu. , Mudry S.
Published: July 2020

The short-range order structure of the liquid Al0.973Ni0.027 eutectic alloy and eutectic based composites with carbon nanotubes containing 5, 10 and 15% was investigated. The changes of the main structure parameters (interatomic distances, coordination numbers, cluster sizes) was analyzed depending on the nanotubes content and temperature of the composites. As a result of the addition of carbon nanotubes, the atomic structure contracting of the liquid Al0.973Ni0.027 eutectic was revealed.
Influence of vacuum annealing on the dispersion of thin double niobium-copper films deposited onto oxide materials
Authors: Gab I. I. , Stetsyuk T. V. , Shakhnin D. B.
Published: July 2020

The kinetics of dispersion of thin niobium-copper films deposited onto leucosapphire, alumina and zirconia ceramics and annealed in vacuum at temperatures up to 1100 °C with different exposition times at each temperature (from 5 up to 20 min) was studied. The double films consisted of two layers: the first metallization layer was 150 nm niobium nanofilm deposited onto the oxide surface, and the second copper layer 1,5 mm thick deposited over the first one as a solder was used for joining of metallized oxide samples. It was found that these films remain rather dense during heating up to 1050 °C; and after annealing at 1100 °C they decompose into individual fragments covering about 80% the area of the ceramic substrates even after annealing during 20 min. The kinetic curves for the dispersion of these films were plotted.
Marktmacht im Daten(schutz)recht
Authors: Paal Boris
Published: July 2020

Das Verhältnis von Datenschutz- und Kartellrecht ist – auch und gerade – in Bezug auf marktmächtige Unternehmen der Digitalökonomie („Internetgiganten“) mit guten Gründen ein hervorgehobener Befassungsgegenstand von Gesetzgebung und Rechtsprechung, Praxis und Forschung. Vornehmlich standen dabei bislang die Bedeutung und der Einfluss von datenschutzrechtlichen Regelungen für die Anwendung des Kartellrechts im Mittelpunkt. Der vorliegende Beitrag nimmt die umgekehrte Perspektive ein und untersucht, ob und inwieweit die kartellrechtlich grundierte Konzeption der unternehmensbezogenen Marktmacht (auch) im Datenschutzrecht Wirkungen entfalten kann. Zu diesem Zweck werden auch und gerade die für eine rechtmäßige Verarbeitung von personenbezogenen Daten maßgeblichen Erlaubnistatbestände aus Art. 6 der Datenschutz-Grundverordnung in den Blick zu nehmen sein.
La presencia guatemalteca en los Congresos anticomunistas latinoamericanos (1954-1980)
Authors: Vázquez Medeles Juan Carlos
Published: July 2020

Este trabajo presenta las diferentes reuniones, de carácter anticomunista, que iniciaron en mayo de 1954 en torno a la Confederación Interamericana de Defensa del Continente y los congresos realizados por la Confederación Anticomunista Latinoamericana. A la par, subrayo la participación guatemalteca, sus postulados ideológicos y algunas de sus acciones realizadas bajo estos contextos. A partir de la revisión hemerográfica, archivística y documental, se advierten dos momentos de estructuración de praxis políticas entre los militantes de estas agrupaciones que, en su lucha contra el comunismo, transitaron desde la disputa por obtener el poder político en las décadas de 1950 y 1960 hasta la implementación de estrategias contrainsurgentes en las décadas de 1970 y principios de 1980. Asimismo, destaco la figura de Mario Sandoval Alarcón (1923-2003) y su proceso de configuración como líder del anticomunismo, para mostrar los entrecruces y transferencias de conocimientos entre los miembros de estas ligas y los mecanismos utilizados en estas interconexiones.
Brechas en la mortalidad infantil según el nivel de instrucción de las madres. Provincias del Noroeste Argentino. Estimación indirecta a partir de los datos censales de 2010
Authors: Torres Victor Eduardo
Published: July 2020

Introducción: En este trabajo se propone identificar las brechas en la tasa de mortalidad infantil (TMI), según el nivel de instrucción de las madres en las seis provincias del noroeste argentino (NOA), una región que se caracteriza por poseer indicadores sociodemográficos rezagados respecto al total del país. Metodología: Para estimar las TMI según nivel de instrucción de las madres se emplea el método de Brass con la variante propuesta por Hill. Se utilizan los datos del censo argentino de 2010. Además, se simula el nivel actual de la mortalidad infantil de acuerdo con los indicadores obtenidos. Resultados: La brecha entre la TMI de las mujeres con bajo y alto nivel de instrucción es entre dos y tres veces mayor, mientras que es entre una y dos veces al comparar las de nivel medio con las de alto. Si estas brechas se aplican a las TMI oficiales del año 2017, más de 10 defunciones infantiles por cada mil nacidos vivos corresponderían a mujeres de nivel medio o bajo. Conclusiones: Existe una desigualdad en la mortalidad infantil en el NOA, de acuerdo con la educación de las madres. De esta realidad se no escapan otras regiones del país ni del mundo. Si bien las estadísticas vitales intentan relevar algunos determinantes sociales de la salud, particularmente el nivel educativo de las personas, esta fuente aún no permite su aprovechamiento en el diagnóstico y seguimiento de desigualdades. Los métodos indirectos pueden complementar, cuando no suplir estas deficiencias, aun considerando sus propias limitaciones.
Las inequidades de esperanza de vida según la provincia de nacimiento en Costa Rica entre 2013 y 2017
Authors: Fantin Romain , Barboza Solís Cristina
Published: July 2020

Introducción. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar si existen inequidades de esperanza de vida en Costa Rica, en función de la provincia de nacimiento y el sexo, entre 2013 y 2017. Se valora el rol de las muertes violentas (homicidios y accidentes de tránsito) en dichas inequidades. Metodología. Se calcularon la esperanza de vida bruta y teórica (sin las muertes violentas) entre 2013 y 2017 a partir de dos padrones electorales, del registro de nacimientos y del registro de defunciones. La población estudiada sumó más de 4 millones de personas y más de 93 000 defunciones durante el período de estudio. Resultados. Existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas de esperanza de vida, según la provincia de nacimiento en Costa Rica. La mayor diferencia fue hallada en los hombres al comparar la provincia de Limón (76.1 años) versus el resto de las provincias del país (entre 77.6 años en San José y 78.7 en Alajuela). Las muertes violentas permiten explicar parcialmente esta diferencia, sin embargo la asociación continúa siendo significativa una vez que se toma este factor en cuenta en el modelo. Para las mujeres, los resultados son relativamente similares en las siete provincias, con un mínimo de 82.6 años en Puntarenas y San José, y un máximo de 83.2 en Alajuela. Conclusión. Las inequidades de esperanza de vida según la provincia de nacimiento existen en Costa Rica, pero se concentran sobre todo en los hombres que nacieron en la provincia de Limón. La ausencia de relación clara entre el desarrollo de la provincia y la esperanza de vida, en particular en las mujeres, es interesante y merece mayor investigación.
Estrato sociodemográfico y patrones relacionados con la primera unión o la primera maternidad en México, 2018
Authors: Ortíz-Ávila Elsa
Published: July 2020

Introducción: Eventos como la primera unión o la primera maternidad son acontecimientos claves que marcan la transición a la vida adulta de las mujeres, por lo que el objetivo de este trabajo fue investigar las pautas de formación familiar de dos generaciones de mujeres en México, según el estrato sociodemográfico. Metodología: Para este estudio, se analizaron los datos de la Encuesta Nacional de la Dinámica Demográfica de 2018. Inicialmente, se estudia la intensidad y el calendario de los dos eventos mediante el análisis de supervivencia. Finalmente, para determinar si el estrato sociodemográfico está asociado a la ocurrencia del calendario de los dos eventos se ajusta un modelo de riesgos proporcionales de Cox. Resultados: Se observa que las mujeres nacidas entre 1984 y 1988, pertenecientes a los estratos sociodemográficos más bajos, tienen los mismos comportamientos demográficos que aquellas mujeres del mismo estrato que nacieron veinte años antes. Es importante señalar que las que pertenecen a los estratos más altos han postergado la entrada de estos dos eventos, tan importantes desde la perspectiva social y cultural de México. Conclusiones: Las pautas de los comportamientos demográficos relacionados con la formación de la familia en México ratifican que es un país con pautas culturales, sociales y familiares bien establecidas, que aún en las generaciones más jóvenes se siguen transmitiendo. Por lo que es de suma importancia seguir estudiando más afondo el tema de la estabilidad del calendario y la intensidad de la primera unión o la primera maternidad.
Biomarcadores de adiposidad y perfil lipídico en escolares costarricenses del distrito de San Juan de la Union, de la provincia de Cartago
Authors: Aguirre Raquel Arriola , Fernández Rojas Xinia , Gómez Salas Georgina
Published: July 2020

Introducción: Las alteraciones en las concentraciones plasmáticas de leptina y adiponectina son la causa de las alteraciones metabólicas en la infancia como, por ejemplo, resistencia a la insulina, glicemias elevadas y perfil lipídico alterado. El desequilibrio de estas adipoquinas es la consecuencia metabólica del exceso de tejido adiposo en el individuo. La obesidad infantil es un problema de salud pública en el mundo, al ser una condición predisponente para el desarrollo de exceso de peso en la adultez y, consecuentemente, de padecimientos crónicos como enfermedad cardiovascular, diabetes, síndrome metabólico, entre otras. De ahí la importancia de su detección en etapas tempranas de la vida para su prevención o tratamiento. Por tanto, el objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar el perfil lipídico y biomarcadores de adiposidad, con el fin de establecer la prevalencia de dislipidemias y riesgo de aterogenicidad en niños escolares del distrito de Tres Ríos, cantón de La Unión, provincia de Cartago. Metodología: Se determinó la concentración plasmática de leptina, adiponectina, insulina y lípidos de un grupo de 108 escolares del cantón de La Unión, Cartago, Costa Rica, con edades entre 6 y 10 años, a los cuales se les realizó la evaluación antropométrica y la determinación por duplicado de los biomarcadores. Resultados: Las concentraciones plasmáticas de colesterol total y triglicéridos se encontraban fuera del rango de normalidad en la población en estudio. El exceso de peso evidencia una relación significativa y positiva con las concentraciones plasmáticas de leptina e insulina. Condiciones como la edad y el sexo no afectaron el comportamiento de los indicadores estudiados. Conclusiones: El colesterol total, los triglicéridos, la leptina e insulina podrían constituirse en indicadores metabólicos para el monitoreo del riesgo de enfermedades crónicas en poblaciones pediátricas.
Análisis de la canasta básica alimentaria de Costa Rica: oportunidades desde la alimentación y nutrición
Authors: Hidalgo Víquez Cindy María , Andrade Pérez Laura , Rodríguez González Shirley , Dumani Echandi Marcela , Alvarado Molina Nadia , Cerdas Núñez Milena , Quirós Blanco Grettel
Published: July 2020

Introducción: La canasta básica alimentaria (CBA) es un conjunto de alimentos y bebidas, que se elabora a partir del consumo reportado por los costarricenses y considera tres criterios fundamentales: universalidad, aporte energético y porcentaje del gasto. Objetivo: Identificar la congruencia de la estructura de la CBA actual, con el derecho humano a la alimentación de la población costarricense. Metodología: A partir de la estructura de la CBA urbana actual, se compararon las cantidades de alimentos allí sugeridas con las recomendaciones de las Guías Alimentarias para Costa Rica. Se comparó el perfil de energía y nutrientes contra las recomendaciones dietéticas diarias. Se realizó una recreación de las cantidades de alimentos de la CBA para un día. Se realizaron modificaciones para una CBA sugerida con un mejor perfil nutricional y se costeó para comparar el costo de la CBA sugerida con la CBA actual. Resultados y discusión: Se incorporan en la CBA sugerida 21 alimentos, se eliminan seis, se aumenta la cantidad sugerida de dos y se disminuye la cantidad sugerida de uno. Se logra con ello aumentar el aporte de fibra dietética, calcio, magnesio, potasio, zinc, vitaminas C, E y K y reducir la cantidad de azúcar total, azúcar agregada, sodio y colesterol. Con estos cambios, el costo de la CBA sugerida se reduce ligeramente Conclusiones: Se necesita contemplar en la CBA otros aspectos nutricionales, además del aporte energético de los alimentos, como el aporte de los micronutrientes, los cuales son esenciales para la prevención y el tratamiento de enfermedades crónico-degenerativas, que son uno de los principales problemas de salud que aqueja la población en la actualidad. Por lo tanto, la CBA debe ser replanteada para ofrecer un mínimo alimentario congruente, de manera que se estimule y favorezca una alimentación balanceada, variada y adecuada para las necesidades nutricionales de la población en Costa Rica