bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
URBAN LANDSCAPE ASSESSMENT
Authors: Capilla Vicente Collado , Gabaldón Sonia Gómez-Pardo
Published: July 2018

URBAN LANDSCAPE ASSESSMENT Vicente Collado Capilla1 and Sonia Gómez-Pardo Gabaldón21Servicio de Infraestructura Verde y Paisaje. Generalitat Valenciana. Ciutat Administrativa 9 D'Octubre-Torre 1, C/ Castán Tobeñas 77, 46018 Valencia; 2Servicio Territorial de Urbanismo. Provincia de Valencia. Generalitat Valenciana. Prop I, C/ Gregorio Gea, nº 27, 46009 Valencia. E-mail: vcc.arq@gmail.com sgpg.sgpg@gmail.com  Key words: urban_landscape, streetcape, landscape_value, andscape_assessment, landscape_preferences. The urban landscape assesment as an important element in the quality of life and the sustainable development of the city constitutes an incipient field of investigation from a new perspective that adds meanings and values. An analysis of the different methodological developments and national and international experiences in the assessment of these landscapes will highlight its importance as a strategic element to improve the quality of the city. It starts from the concept of assessment as a system where tangible and intangible values ​​are considered by the population and the experts. These include among other formal, economic, environmental, social, cultural issues (…) and the relationships between them. Consideration of the opinions of experts from different points of view such as urbanism and architecture but also environment, economy, geography, history, archeology, sociology, social assistance, etc. Together with the preferences expressed by the population regarding the spaces they inhabit on a daily basis and their aspirations, strengthen the sense of belonging and the identity of the place as key elements in the perception of the urban landscapes that allows to contribute new qualities, integration criteria and ​​contemporary values to any type of intervention. These are strategies and intervention procedures that start from the complexity of the city as a system and incorporate the perception that citizens have or will have of their immediate environment.  References: Czynska Klara and Pawel Rubinowicz (2015). ´Visual protection Surface method: Cityscape values in context of tall buildings´. SSS10 Proceedings of the 10 th International Space Syntax Symposium. Paquette Sylvain (2008). Guide de gestion des paysages au Québec. Université de Montréal Pallasmaa, Juhani (2005). The Eyes of the Skin. Architecture and the Senses. New York: John Wiley. Ministry of Environment and Energy The National Forest and Nature Agency (1997). International Survey of Architectural Values in the Environment. Denmark . The Landscape Institute and Institute of Environmental Management & Assessment (2013). Guidelines for Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment. Third Edition, London: Routledge.
Urban form in special geographical conditions: a case study in Kenting National Park
Authors: Chen Chih-Hung , Chuang Chun-Ya
Published: July 2018

Urban form in special geographical conditions: a case study in Kenting National Park. Chih-Hung Chen¹, Chun-Ya Chuang¹ ¹Department of Urban Planning, National Cheng Kung University E-mail: chihhungchen@mail.ncku.edu.tw Keywords: Kenting National Park, special geographical conditions, Historico-Geographical approach, morphotope Conference topics and scale: City transformations     Since the land surface is heterogeneous, the natural landscape as an essential element in contemporary morphological studies becomes the initial factor in the formation of a settlement. Moreover, the interaction with natural landscape, built form and the boundary matrix can illuminate ecological perspective on the form of the city. (Scheer, 2016) To understand the urban form under special geographical conditions, a case study is conducted in Kenting National Park, which is a tropical area with rich landscape such as moutains, lakes and rivers, plains, basins, and surrounded by seas. An analytical approach based on Historico-Geographical approach (Kropf, 2009; Oliveira, 2016) is applied in this paper. After identifying the scope of 42 settlements, there are three outer shape types such as compact, scattered, linear. Then, three kinds of morphotopes (Conzen, 1988) can mainly be figured out by comparing the combination between streets, buildings and plots: i) Detached, duplex houses on small plots along the access road; ii) Attached buildings on small plots along the main road; iii) Villas or hotels on large plots along the main road. Finally, the relationship between the larger plan units (Conzen, 1960) and the geographical conditions shows that the homogeneous configuration of plan units corresponds to the certain landscape. On the other hand, this article seeks to find out the impacts and changes caused by special geographical conditions in consequence of the landscape affects not only the formation of urban form but the evolution because its influence on socio-economic conditions.     References Conzen, M. R. G. (1960) Alnwick, Northumberland: A study in Town-plan Analysis (Institute of British Geographers, London). Conzen, M.R.G. (1988) ‘Morphogenesis, morphological regions, and secular human agency in the historic townscape, as exemplified by Ludlow’, in Urban Historical Geography. Recent progress in Britain and Germany, 253-272. Kropf, K. (2009) ‘Aspects of urban form’, Urban morphology 13(2), 105-20. Oliveira, V. (2016) Urban Morphology (Springer International Publishing, Switzerland), 102-111. Scheer, B. C. (2016) ‘The epistemology of urban morphology’, Urban Morphology 20, 5-17.
Study of morphological structures of historical centres as a basic toll for understanding the new conditions of social habitat. Quito, Siracusa and Suzhou
Authors: Rosero Veronica , Gritti Andrea , Dall'Asta Juan Carlos , Porreca Riccardo , Rocchio Daniele , Tagliabue Franco
Published: July 2018

In the age of globalization, architecture (through an identity crisis) is directly connected with the loss of progressive recognition of morphological studies of city and territory, in a gradual replacement with real-time views of phenomena and urban facts. The satellite gaze finally flattens the interpretation ability of living spaces that were the prerogative of the morphological studies.   The actual complexity of cities and territories escapes from the architect's eyes as they increase their technical capability to know details. The season of great renovations and methodological studies that had powered the 1960s, 70s and 80s seems hopelessly distant. Studies on social, economic, and environmental components of the cities and territories (infrastructure, public space, environmental networks) are so proliferated without actually being supported by adequate interpretations of their physical-spatial dynamics. The result: a substantial failure of architectural design to express human habitat visions.   It is imperative a theoretical and practical effort to pick up the threads of an interrupted conversation, and return where these studies have expressed their richest potential: the historical centers, the places with most dense and rich heritage. Historical centers of cities like Quito, Siracusa and Suzhou have settled and stratified the morphological structures of several different settlement patterns. As a result, architecture has demonstrated an ability of description and interpretation. Reflecting on how this goal was reached in these cities (by means much less powerful than the current) settlement will be able to bid the morphological component of urban and regional studies and architecture project as a fundamental tool for understanding the human habitat.
Stages of territorial configuration in the non-planned occupation of the Huerta de Murcia, 1929-2015.
Authors: Ros Marcos , García Fernando Miguel
Published: July 2018

The “Huerta de Murcia” is an agricultural area of about 10,000 Ha in size, originated in the ninth century, and linked to an extensive network of canals dependent from Segura River. Such system provides a much divided and fragmented agrarian morphology, around the city of Murcia, in the southeast of Spain, basically dedicated to the agriculture. The city of Murcia has experimented an important growth in the last five decades, substituting hundreds of hectares of agrarian land, into urban. But even more important than this, the periurban area has suffered along the past 90 years a periurbanization process, caused by the unscheduled appearance of buildings. Most of them have emerged in the last 4 decades, whose use is mainly family housing and holyday homes, and have not been planned by standard planning procedures. This causes a spontaneous phenomenon of dispersed territory occupation. The paper shows, through an analysis methodology based on orto-photographical series and cadastral data, the existence of different stages along the studied period (1929-2015). These stages are substantially different each other in two ways: the patterns and zones affected by this process, on one hand, and the intensity of this process, which vary along each studied period, on the other hand. The analyses of these patterns, as well as a proposed classification, and the quantification of the process in each period, are the subjects of the paper, which allows authors to set appropriate relations between the city of Murcia and its periurban territory, to afford the globalization age.
Agro-Urban Landscape: the case study of Monteruscello-Naples
Authors: Como Alessandra , Smeragliuolo Perrotta Luisa , Vece Carlo
Published: July 2018

If the morphology and the studies on the urban form are closely related to the social aspects and are responsibility of architects and policy makers, the issue becomes even more complicated if we're talking about cities with a high number of buildings under public ownership or urban fragments with important dimensions. In Italy there is a very rare case of recent foundation that is the neighborhood Monteruscello in the city of Pozzuoli. Built in the 80s to face the bradisism events that had made uninhabitable other city areas, Monteruscello today, for its dimension, can be considered a "city in the city" where the 90% of the buildings are under public ownership. The neighborhood's project is designed by Agostino Renna who had built Monteruscello through analogical composition with fragments of spatial references of other places and cities. The architect has put in the neighborhood - mainly made up of rural areas - its urban model adapting it to the specific geography of places. During the years the neighborhood has never built an own identity becoming one of the most degraded areas of the city. The paper deals with the issue of urban form and morphology today starting from the study of Monteruscello - as imagined by its creator through the critical issues that underlie its design - and through an experimental design of a new agro-urban landscape for the neighborhood that involves three hectares of public green spaces - now abandoned - turning them into agricultural lands to urban use and growth resource. References Renna, A. (ed.) (1980) L’illusione e i cristalli : immagini di architettura per una terra di provincia (Clear, Roma) Giglia, A. (1997) Crisi e ricostruzione di uno spazio urbano : dopo il bradisismo a Pozzuoli : una ricerca antropologica su Monteruscello (Guerini, Milano) Capozzi, R. (ed.) (2016) Agostino Renna : la forma della città (Clean, Napoli) Pagano, L. (ed) (2012) Agostino Renna : rimontaggio di un pensiero sulla conoscenza dell’architettura : antologia di scritti e progetti 1964-1988 (Clean, Napoli)
Historic urban fabric as basis for further urban renewal: later 20th century public urban interventions in Ciutat Vella, Valencia
Authors: Mifsut García César Damián
Published: July 2018

Valencian old town –locally called Ciutat Vella- suffered a huge transformation along 20th century. In was almost the whole city in 1900, and became less than 5% of the urban area in 2000. There was not only a process of architectural replacement, but a complete series of plans trying to update the historic spaces. There were three specific stages for those town planning proposals, made by public administrations but not always as public execution. The first group was developed at the beginning of the century following hygienic principles, with public both planning and execution. A second group, in the middle of that time, collected a series of punctual urban corrections and a huge new urban axis -Avenida del Oeste-; all these specially built by private investors. The third, final group of interventions occurred after Bologna protections principles, and the specific treatment of degraded areas into city centre. In this last, the most recent interventions can be studied the hard influence of previous urban fabric in the process of creating new urban spaces. Both historic slots’ and blocks’ geometry provide the definition for further street sections; but, in the other hand, those new street edges must be geometrically balanced with the possibility of construction of the new buildings behind them: structural geometries and functional measures must be attended. So, in this paper a series of clarifying samples are shown about the processes of public urban renewal implementation built in Valencia along the last third of 20th century.
The project “DiverCity – intercultural urban perception”
Authors: Lehmann Katharina
Published: July 2018

The project "DiverCity" observes spatial diversity in cities from an intersectional point of view and analyzesdifferent forms of urban life with an interdisciplinary approach. The main reason for this research is given by raising sociocultural coexistences living together in urban spaces; a subject that occupies the man from the beginning of his settlements, actually since the early development of cities. In spite of the social changes that are produced within modern urban lifes, the debate about social life very often seems more a matter rooted in politics than in everyday life itself. Societies generate solutions and create its own concept of coexistence, very since allowing joint relationships between different spheres and social groups. But how is this actually done? These dynamics are precisely the main object of investigation in the "DiverCity" project.   It therefore focuses its study on socio-cultural minorities and their perception of urban space. This is basically examined in two cities of different dimensions, a small and larger city in Germany, Lüneburg and Hamburg. The investigated minority groups are Muslims, people with disabilities, homeless people and homosexuals. Using empirical social research methods, especially based on semi-structured interviews and participant observation, the urban and spatial perception of the mentioned groups was examined and compared to each other. The presentation shows the first results of the analyzes carried out in Hamburg and Lüneburg as well as the planned extension of the project and its realization in Argentina.
Can our cities be planned? Does the function follow the form?. The New York experience
Authors: Peñín Ibáñez Alberto , Peñín Llobell Alberto
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT: Do we need urban planning? For a better future, for a better territorial integration, for attending collective demands? New York is at the other side of the usual answer. Manhattan is an example of the versatility of a single pattern, drawn on a paper over a territory with very different features. When it comes to reality, it uniforms it, and fills it with progressive, unattended and renewed demands, with no more plan than the one that is demanded by an efficient economic system. Its urban plan (?) has just attended, quickly, private demands, giving flexibility to ground uses and GFAs, with no more worries than its functionality. As the only stable issue, as simple and clear as possible, has been the link between urban space and territory through a universal but fixed pattern. It allows free deals between developers and authority, respecting very few regulations, to enable changes, constructions, knocking offs and rehabilitations far from the European style urban plans. Which is its future in a democratic and free society? A government based constantly and with transparency on assemblies, not in a Plan, that can assure equal treatments and fair deals of the initiatives towards the community? Some of the proposals accepted in Manhattan, where the urban shape at its simplest stage of a horizontal pattern unchanged in its 200 years of existence, show us the success and failures of this system. Adapted from the beginning to a traded world, it has no bad urban nor social conscience. This frame match perfectly the precapitalism of its founders with the demands of a contemporary globalized society.
Making the Most of Daylight in Town Planning
Authors: Sundborg Bengt
Published: July 2018

Making the most of daylight in town planning is one of the important ingredients in the attempts for the sustainable city. Exactly 150 years ago Ildefons Cerdà presented his great work “Teoría General de la Urbanización” including methods for taking care of sunlight. However, with modern software, the possibilities to do comprehensive preparations are much better. This paper presents an urban typology considering daylight with basic geometric forms, shapes and patterns. Later this will be elaborated more in detail. The research includes three steps; choosing typical alternatives for settlements and designing some new principle urban solutions, calculations and evaluations of the alternatives considering especially energy saving.  The quality and the quantity of daylight are dependent of the geometry of the urban spaces.  That means the volumes for the buildings as well as the empty spaces in between. The accessibility for diffuse daylight from the sky and for direct rays from the sun is measurable by computer calculations where the sun angles and the skylight from the hemisphere are simulated. Relevant parameters are height, width and length. In a settlement with a high urban density it is more difficult to distribute daylight than in a settlement with low density. However the economy for exploitations is also worse with lower density. Therefore the comparisons between different settlements are with the same density. The orientation of the settlements according to the compass is of crucial importance looking to the direct sunlight and the shadows. How the local environment with parks, water, mountains and specific landmarks in the surroundings also affects the daylight distribution is included.References (100 words) Dubois, M.-C., Gentile, N., Amorim, C., Osterhaus, W., Stoffer, S.,Jakobiak, R., Geisler-Moroder, D., Matusiak, B., Onarheim, F. M., Tetri, E. (2016) Performance Evaluation of Lighting and Daylighting Retrofits: Results from IEA SHC Task 50. (Energy Procedia. vol. 91). Littefair, P. J. (2011) Site layout planning for daylight and sunlight: a guide to good practice (BRE, Building Research Establishment, IHS BRE Press, Watford). Rode, P., Keim, C., Robazza, G., Viejo, P. and Schofield, J. (2014) Cities and energy: urban morphology and heat energy demand (LSE, London School of Economics, Cities and EIFER, European Institute for Energy Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, London).
Understanding ISIS's Destruction of Antiquities as a Rejection of Nationalism
Authors: Jones Christopher W.
Published: July 2018

This article argues that the campaign of antiquities destruction waged by the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) should be understood in the context of the group's rejection of the nation-state. The Ba'athist regimes of Iraq and Syria used archaeology not only as a tool to promote national unity but also as an ideological narrative to portray their states as continual recapitulations of their pasts. As a result, the pre-Islamic past came to be associated with secular nationalism. Since the secular state demands obedience to secular law, ISIS views it as idolatrous as it demands allegiance apart from God. The group considers the secular sacralization of antiquities in support of nationalism to be an aspect of this form of idolatry that justifies their destruction. Future efforts at cultural heritage preservation in the region will need to take into account the decline of Arab nationalist movements which once supported them.
Why are verbal nouns more verbal than finite verbs? New insights into the interpretation of the P200 verbal signature
Authors: Blaszczak Joanna , Czypionka Anna , Klimek-Jankowska Dorota
Published: July 2018

Traditionally, languages are assumed to minimally manifest a distinction between nouns and verbs. This assumption has occasionally been debated in the theoretical linguistic literature, in particular in the context of challenging verbal noun constructions that simultaneously manifest nominal and verbal features. From a psycholinguistic perspective, one of the most promising diagnostic criteria for determining whether a given word belongs to the category NOUN or VERB is an event-related brain potential (ERP) component, P200, whose amplitude is larger for verbs than for nouns. So far, a challenge for the interpretation of the P200 has been whether this component reflects verbal (e.g., action) semantics, lexical category or verb-related morphological operation. In the present study we report an ERP experiment whose goal was to contribute to a better understanding of the nature of the “verbal” P200 component by monitoring the comprehension of Polish morphologically related finite verbs, converbs, and verbal nouns. Thereby, we manipulated the syntactic category and morphological complexity of the critical words while keeping their semantics identical. The results show that finite verbs engender a smaller amplitude of the P200 component than less prototypical “verbs” such as verbal nouns and converbs. Based on this observation, we argue that the P200 component reflects the brain activation triggered by the demands of verb-related morphological integration processes performed on the verbal base of derived forms.
Determination of the Perceptions of Sports Managers About Sport Concept: A Metaphor Analysis Study
Authors: Kurtipek Serkan , Sonmezoglu Ugur
Published: July 2018

The aim of this research is to determine the perceptions of sport managers in Turkey on the concept of sport by means of metaphors. 74 sport managers participated in the research. Phenomenology, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the research. Content analysis method was used for the data analysis. Evaluation of the data showed that sports managers produced a total of 50 metaphors. These metaphors produced were collected in 6 different categories. As a result, it was determined that sport managers expressed the concept of sport by means of metaphors in a very rich and diverse perspective. Therefore, the metaphors determined in this study may lead the sport managers and candidates responsible for the administration of sports services and activities in terms of offering a different perspective on the practice of sport management.
A DISTRIBUTED METHOD FOR TRANSIENT SIMULATIONS THAT DYNAMICALLY CONSIDERS SUPPLEMENTARY RESULTS FROM AUTONOMOUS SOFTWARE AGENTS
Authors: Jüttner Matthias , Grabmaier Sebastian , Rohloff Jonas , Vögeli Desirée , Rucker Wolfgang , Göhner Peter , Weyrich Michael
Published: July 2018

Based on autonomous software agents capable of calculating individual numerical field problems, a distributed method for solving transient field problems is presented. The software agents are running on distributed resources connected via a network and represent a dynamic calculation environment. Communication and data exchange between multiple agents enables their collaboration and allows decisions based on distributed overall knowledge. As unique characteristics, no central unit influences the solution process at any time. The presented simulation example and its evaluated calculation process proves the method to benefit from redundant resources.
TOOLS FOR COMPARING THE RESULTS OF THE WORK OF SORTING ALGORITHMS
Authors: Gumeniuk Larysa , Lotysh Vladimir , Gumeniuk Pavlo
Published: July 2018

The program implementation of sorting algorithms is obtained. The program realization of complex for comparison of sorting algorithms is obtained. Using the obtained tools, an analysis of algorithms for sorting by speed was performed depending on the number of members of the data array.
MODIFIED, COMPLEMENTED TAXONOMY OF FAULTS IN FAULT-TOLERANT REAL-TIME SYSTEMS
Authors: Mosorov Volodymyr , Panskyi Taras , Biedron Sebastian
Published: July 2018

This paper presents the main definitions relating to dependability. Basic definitions including reliability, security, maintainability, etc. are described first. They are then supplemented by additional definitions, which address to the threats of dependability (faults, errors, failures). Overlapping dependability standards, renumbering and integration can cause uncertainty when using of a certain definition. For this purpose, authors present complemented fault taxonomy for fault-tolerant real-time systems to eliminate inconsistencies and to unify existing fault taxonomies.
ANALYSIS MEDICAL AND STEREOSCOPIC IMAGES BY E-MEDICUS SYSTEM
Authors: Rymarczyk Tomasz
Published: July 2018

In this work, there were implemented methods to analyze and segmentation medical images by using different kind of algorithms. The solution shows the architecture of the system collecting and analyzing data. There was tried to develop an algorithm for level set method applied to piecewise constant image segmentation. These algorithms are needed to identify arbitrary number of phases for the segmentation problem. With the use of modern algorithms, it can obtain a quicker diagnosis and automatically marking areas of the interest region in medical images.
ANALYSIS OF METROLOGICAL PROPERTIES FIBER BRAGG GRATINGS WITH A CONSTANT AND VARIABLE PERIOD
Authors: Zieliński Tomasz , Kisała Piotr
Published: July 2018

The paper presents periodic structures in terms of metrological properties in the distinction for a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) with a constant and changeable period. The process of their formation and characteristics as well as applications in many areas have been described. On the basis of the literature, the results of research and measurements of measurable quantities such as temperature and stress made by periodic structures applied
to the fiber of the optical fiber are presented. Analysis of the presented measurements allowed to mark the ranges and accuracy of measurements of individual applications.
Ochrona przyrody w lasach miejskich Poznania
Authors: Wajchman-Świtalska Sandra , Jaszczak Roman
Published: July 2018

The aim of this paper is to present the specificity of nature conservation in the area of urban forests on the example of the city of Poznań. The article presents the basic legal acts in force in Poland which relate to the nature conservation. The authors present recommendations concerning the nature protection within the urban forests that are currently in force in Poznań.
Model gospodarowania populacją jelenia europejskiego Cervus elaphus L. w Wolińskim Parku Narodowym i na Wyspie Wolin
Authors: Mohr Adam , Przybylski Antoni , Zimnicka – Pluskota Małgorzata , Spieczyński Damian
Published: July 2018

The paper presents the current methods of management and environmental conditions of the functioning of red deer population on the Wolin Island. The inventory carried out in 2014 using the drive census method revealed the prevalence of stags in the population (0.86 hinds/1stag) and the population density of 225 individuals/1,000 hectares of the forest, whereas harvest conducted in this season showed merely 22 individuals/1,000 hectares. In the analysed seasons before the inventory, harvest was also low (about 10% of the probable actual state) and despite harvesting mainly hinds, it did not curb the population growth. In the years 2006 – 2014, the yearly harvest in the largest hunting district fluctuated within the range of 14.5 to 60.5, x̅=27.0 individuals/1,000 hectares (n=9), while in the remaining four smaller population management units, the average yearly harvest amounted to only 0.2 to 9.8 individuals/1,000 hectares (n=9). The realized rate of population growth determined by the method of summer deer observation in 2015 amounted to 42.2% of the hinds number. Applying the simulation of the model population meeting the parameters indicated in the inventory, the researchers calculated and proposed the optimal indicators of harvesting individual age and sex groups. The proposed model of hunting monitoring and management assumes optimization of environmental conditions, structure and size of the actual population within the next 10 years.
O členství občanů jiných členských států Evropské unie v českých politických stranách
Authors: Skalka Tibor
Published: July 2018

Článek komplexně analyzuje otázku členství unijních občanů v českých politických stranách v kontextu zákona č. 424/1991 Sb., o sdružování v politických stranách a v politických hnutích. Autor opouští většinový názor, že členy tuzemských politických stran mohou být jen státní občané České republiky, a na základě rozboru platné právní úpravy a rozhodných okolností dokládá, že nic nebrání tomu, aby se o členství v českých politických stranách mohli ucházet i občané jiných členských státu Evropské unie.
Ukládání správních trestů za účinnosti nové právní úpravy (nejen na příkladu přitěžujících a polehčujících okolností)
Authors: Jílková Nikola
Published: July 2018

Pro veřejnou správu, v podmínkách právního státu, je nezbytné zajistit relativně volně určenou obsahovou stánku jejího výkonu, aby mohla pružně zajišťovat realizaci moci exekutivní. K zajištění jejího chodu je veřejná správa nadána mj. oprávněním trestat (rozhodovat o vině a trestu za správní delikty) a s tímto souvisí uvážení správního orgánu o spravedlivém a přiměřeném správním trestu, tedy o volbě jeho druhu a výměry. Vedle zásady zákonnosti je jedním ze stěžejních principů při správním uvážení princip přiměřenosti, který dává rámec správním orgánům při stanovování druhu a výměry správních trestů. Autorka se proto věnuje v textu tomuto principu, neboť dává limity správním orgánům v jejich správním uvážení.Mezi základní kritéria napomáhající ukládat přiměřený správní trest vedle určení povahy a závažnosti přestupku a zohlednění absence společného řízení o přestupku neodmyslitelně patří polehčující a přitěžující okolnosti  působící jako vodítko pro správné a spravedlivé určení správního trestu. Autorka nejdříve poukáže na aktuální postavení správního trestání v ČR a v této souvislosti se zaměří na problematiku ukládání správních trestů a roli přitěžujících a polehčujících okolností nejen dle zákona č. 250/2016 Sb., o odpovědnosti za přestupky a řízení o nich, ale i v judikatuře správních soudů. Tento příspěvek si neklade za cíl suplovat roli komentářů k přestupkovému zákonu. Zejména z důvodu rozsahu se proto nevěnuje každé jednotlivé okolnosti zvlášť, ale spíše se snaží poukázat na některé další závěry vyplývající z odborné literatury, nebo z judikatury.
“Lagom Jurisdiction” – What Viking Drinking Ettiquette Can Teach Us about Internet Jurisdiction and Google France
Authors: Svantesson Dan
Published: July 2018

The law of Internet jurisdiction is facing a crisis. While there is widespread and growing recognition that we cannot anchor Internet jurisdiction in the outdated, typically overstated, and often misunderstood, territoriality principle, few realistic alternatives have been advanced so far.This article seeks to provide an insight into the conceptual mess that is the international law on jurisdiction; focusing specifically on the concepts of sovereignty and jurisdiction, with limited attention also given to the impact of comity, and international human rights law. These issues are studied through the lens of the so-called Google France case that comes before the CJEU in 2018. The article argues that we may usefully turn to the Swedish “lagom” concept – which allegedly stems from Viking era drinking etiquette – as a guiding principle for how we approach Internet jurisdiction.
Privacy in Public Space: Conceptual and Regulatory Challenges. Timan, T.; Newell, B. C.; Koops, B.-J. (eds.)
Authors: Míšek Jakub
Published: July 2018

Timan, T.; Newell, B. C.; Koops, B.-J. (eds.). (2017) Privacy in Public Space: Conceptual and Regulatory Challenges. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, 315 p.
Murdoch’s Morality
Authors: Duran Jane ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: July 2018

This paper argues that Murdoch’s views possess a structured ontology. As some of her critics note, her philosophical stance is one that must be gleaned from close readings of both her novels and her more straightforward essays. Given the complexities of her novels, the addition of her other work makes for a challenging task, but one that the reader can use. Murdoch’s work is valuable for the range of moral options it displays.
External Figure (Schêma) and Homonymy in Aristotle
Authors: De Ribera-Martin Ignacio ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: July 2018

According to Aristotle’s homonymy principle, when we use a common name to refer to wholes and parts that lack the capacity to carry out the function (ergon) signified by the name, we are using the name in a homonymous way. For example, pictures and statues of a man, or a dead eye, are called “man” and “eye” only homonymously because they cannot carry out their proper function, i.e., to live and to see. This principle serves well Aristotle’s purposes in natural philosophy, for it avoids a reduction of the essence of living bodies and their parts to their material composition and shape. This principle, however, leaves unexplained why we still use those names in common language, despite their homonymy. Using Aristotle’s own comments on homonymy, I will examine the role played by external figure (schêma), for it explains why such homonyms are not accidental. In fact, they are correct forms of linguistic usage in non-philosophical contexts.
Epistemic Environmentalism
Authors: Ryan Shane ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: July 2018

I motivate and develop a normative framework for undertaking work in applied epistemology. I set out the framework, which I call epistemic environmentalism, explaining the role of social epistemology and epistemic value theory in the framework. Next, I explain the environmentalist terminology that is employed and its usefulness. In the second part of the paper, I make the case for a specific epistemic environmentalist proposal. I argue that dishonest testimony by experts and certain institutional testifiers should be liable to the sanction of inclusion on a register of epistemic polluters. In doing so, I explain the special role that experts and the relevant institutional testifiers play in the epistemic environment and how the proposal is justified on the basis of that special role.
A gestão democrática do ensino público na gangorra dos acontecimentos político-ideológicos no Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Mousquer Maria Elizabete Londero
Published: July 2018

O artigo apresenta extrato de uma pesquisa que objetiva compreender as mudanças na gestão da educação na rede estadual de ensino do RS, no momento em que se encaminha uma reforma na educação pública, incluindo alterações no processo de gestão. Pretende-se identificar os significados desta proposta para a democracia no ensino público, partindo do questionamento que persiste a longo tempo sobre a função da gestão democrática. O trabalho ancora-se na abordagem qualitativa de pesquisa, através da análise de material elaborado pela Secretaria da Educação e o impacto deste nos sujeitos escolares. .Palavras-chave: gestão democrática, ensino público, política de Estado, participação.
Avaliação e autorregulação da aprendizagem
Authors: Frison Lourdes Maria Bragagnolo
Published: July 2018

Este artigo busca compreender a autorregulação da aprendizagem conceituada como o processo em que os sujeitos estabelecem metas que interagem com suas expectativas e desenvolvem estratégias para alcançá-las, criando condições para que a aprendizagem efetive-se. A avaliação articulada à autorregulação da aprendizagem assume novo significado pelo qual os sujeitos adquirem, por si e com a ajuda do outro, conhecimentos que os permitem rever o caminho percorrido e os possibilitem desenvolver o autoconhecimento e o conhecimento dos que o rodeiam.Palavras-chave: avaliação, autorregulação, aprendizagem.
A educação na era da responsabilidade e da ética: desafios a um futuro mais digno
Authors: Sayão Sandro Cozza
Published: July 2018

Vivemos em tempos de redefinições. Antigas verdades e certezas no campo da ética e da moral, não mais sustentam nossas esperanças e não mais acalentam nosso sonho de um mundo mais justo e desenvolvido. As muitas guerras, fratricídios e genocídios, o stress e a violência urbana, a destruição ambiental e moral em meio a um mundo em que as coisas estão ao alcance das mãos, são exemplos claros de que precisamos mudar profundamente nosso modo ver, sentir e agir. Vivemos em tempos onde a cada dia nos damos conta de que não é possível prosseguir com a forma desrespeitosa, espoliativa e egoísta que vem ameaçando a vida como um todo. Em resposta a tudo isso, a educação tornar-se, aos poucos, instância critica de promoção de um novo modo de ser, mais do que transmissora de dados e costumes antigos que em muitos casos estão atrelados à violência. Nisso ultrapassa o papel de gestora cognitiva de um aprendizado linear e simplista de conhecimentos, para se fazer espaço de abertura, discussão, troca e relação. Este texto trata exatamente dessa nova configuração da educação e de seu alinhamento com a ética e com uma possibilidade alternativa de leitura do humano, isso como forma de se concretizar a perspectiva de um modo de ser mais justo à vida como um todo.Palavras-chave: ética, educação, sentido do humano, Levinas.
Estudio comparado de la educación de calle en Francia y en España
Authors: Salamanca García Lorenzo Antonio
Published: July 2018

En el presente artículo se hace un estudio comparado entre el trabajo de educación de calle en Francia y España. Tras una breve introducción, se describe, por un lado, la formación de los-as agentes educativos-as y, por otro, la intervención o praxis llevada a cabo en ambos países. Finalmente, se extraen algunas conclusiones que pudieran contribuir a mejorar la educación de calle en España.
The Foundations of American Imperial Education
Authors: Goodenow Ronald K.
Published: July 2018

Se presenta la evolución de la educación en el imperio estadounidense, comenzando con las colonias en los territorios obtenidos de España a principios del siglo XX, pasando por la ocupación estadounidense de Alemania y Japón después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial y luego durante la Guerra Fría y los períodos posteriores a la Guerra Fría. Mediante una selección de ejemplos se discutirán los fundamentos básicos del imperialismo educativo estadounidense, incluyendo los valores e ideales, los intercambios internacionales, la filantropía, la educación en determinados países musulmanes, la educación empresarial y la colaboración entre los aspectos del hard power y el soft power del imperialismo. Se señala dónde esta colaboración ha fallado o ha llevado a resultados catastróficos. Se observa que los cambios principales corresponden a cambios en las actitudes públicas, políticas y populares de los Estados Unidos. Se brindan conclusiones sobre la forma y los cambios en el imperialismo educativo. Se verá que gran parte de lo que se observa es una «mezcla» de política y aspectos prácticos que producen una combinación de resultados.
Comparing Colonial Education Discourses in the French and Portuguese african Empires: an essay on hybridization.
Authors: Madeira Ana Isabel
Published: July 2018

Este ensayo analiza la retórica educativa portuguesa, francesa y británica destacando las relaciones entre la administración colonial y las estructuras centrales del poder, señalando las ambigüedades y ambivalencias que atraviesan las diferentes estructuras de la autoridad imperial, es decir, los discursos sobre el gobierno, la civilización y la educación del colonizado. El estudio propone ir más allá de una visión «tradicional» del cambio educativo, es decir, un concepto basado en el análisis de influencias, fuerzas o relaciones de causa-efecto sobre el aspecto político de la educación. En contraste con las perspectivas que consideran las colonias como identidades culturales homogéneas, como extensiones de las ideas y prácticas metropolitanas, tiendo a enfatizar las relaciones simbióticas que se desarrollaron entre los imperios y la metrópoli. Esta posición contradice la representación del colonialismo como un proceso coherente y consistente, y define el escenario colonial como un contexto de conflicto entre colonizador y colonizado, en el que las ideas y prácticas sobre los procesos asociados a la civilización de los africanos están abiertos a la negociación y reestructuración de diferente tipos. Abordar el cambio educativo desde una perspectiva comparada también significa analizar cómo se conocieron y difundieron los discursos sobre la educación colonial, a nivel transnacional, y también cómo estos discursos fueron aceptados como norma y, por lo tanto, transformados en estrategias locales y programas concretos de acción. Esa perspectiva facilita la comprensión de los discursos sobre educación que atravesaron el espacio colonial, los cuales produjeron disparidades internas en relación a los procesos de expansión escolar, a los modelos pedagógicos y a la organización curricular, contradiciendo el concepto de política educativa así como la implementación local de programas producidos en la metrópoli europea.
Algunas aproximaciones a las paradojas de la comunicación turística De lo global a lo local, de la marca a la empresa
Authors: Bouzon Arlette , Bermejo-Berros Jesús , Marty Stéphanie
Published: July 2018

Comunicación turística, publicidad, marketing turístico, comunicación multicanal, marca. Abstract This article carries out an analysis of some of the paradoxes presented today in the tourist communication. Along the 20th century, tourist communication has moved between contradictory forces that have pushed the way to make tourism advertising to the side of the global or to the side of the local, depending on the dominant conceptions and the context at any given time. At first, it is remembered the profound influence exercised by the Unique Selling Proposition (UPS) which contributed to a certain standardization of the market, with undifferentiated products and a global advertising. At the same time, the shortcomings identified on this universal advertising way, have highlighted the need to also take into consideration the local and particular aspects, therefore adapted products and more segmented and differentiated communications. On the other hand, the emergence of multi-channel communication in response to technological advances and economic crisis, has not solved this paradox that continues today. This oscillation between the global and the local has not yet led to an integrated tourism communication model, which is able to overcome the contradictions and paradoxes in that axis. This situation is joined by a second paradox that concerns the relationship between the brand and the company in the short and in the long term. The market development, influenced by economic difficulties and numerous business changes in the tourism sector, has made businesses primarily to pay attention to the economics of short-term, seeking profitability and survival of the company. With it, the marketing efforts necessary to build the brand image which contribute to its long-term stability have been neglected. As in the first paradox, in this second one, effective formulas that take into account both aspects have neither been found nowadays. Therefore, the effectiveness of the tourist communication in the future depends on being able to integrate these paradoxical dimensions in integrated systems.
Modelo de transferencia del valor y la experiencia para el turista deportivo
Authors: Aragonés Jericó Cristina , Küster Boluda Inés , Vila López Natalia
Published: July 2018

The aim of this research is to propose a theoretical model based on the behaviour of the sports tourist and sports sponsorship theories. After a thorough analysis of the issue, this model gathers the transfer of value and experience between the event and the sponsor, as well as the previous behaviour of the visitor of a major sporting event.
Reef growth and limestone erosion
Authors: Blakeway David
Published: July 2018

Because the shapes and forms of many coral reefs resemble karst (erosion landforms created by dissolution of limestone), it is widely believed that those reefs have grown on karst foundations, and that Holocene growth perpetuates the underlying topography. However, this concept has become difficult to reconcile with the increasing amount of seismic and coring evidence demonstrating that several karst-like reef features are entirely constructional. Here I use cellular automata simulations to show that coral reefs resemble karst limestones not because they are built on karst foundations, but because reef growth and limestone erosion are fundamentally the same process, running in opposite directions. Coral reef landscapes resemble karst because they are in fact inverse karst—the basic spectrum of reef growth forms mirrors the basic spectrum of limestone erosion forms. In both growth and erosion, the development of form is a self-organized process emerging from local-scale interactions. The essential morphological control in both cases is slope stability, which depends on the composition of each system: coral type in reefs and lithology (rock type) in limestones. Solid, well-cemented reefs and limestones, which can maintain steep slopes without collapsing, produce nodular reefs and tower karst respectively, whereas unconsolidated, friable reefs and limestones, which frequently collapse, produce cellular reefs and cone karst. The growth forms produced in the model should theoretically apply to all modular skeleton-building organisms growing in a fluid medium, and may therefore provide useful templates in the search for extraterrestrial life. While none of the model forms can be considered unequivocally diagnostic of life, because all could conceivably arise through inanimate crystallization, the model’s seemingly accurate rendition of biogenic carbonate morphology on earth suggests that it may provide a useful foundation for evaluating and exploring the range of macroscale self-organized biogenic structures that could arise on other planets.
Incorporating Inertia in Mode Choice and Influential Factors of Car Stickiness: Implications for Shifts to Public Transit
Authors: Gao Kun , Sun Lijun
Published: July 2018

To explore efficient strategies of adjusting travel mode structure and support scientific implements of public transit system, this paper investigated travelers’ mode choice behavior in a multimodal network incorporating inertia in utility specifications. Comprehensive stated preference surveys considering four modes and four key decisive variables were designed, and face-to-face investigations were conducted to collect reliable data in Shanghai. The discrete choice technique considering mode-specific inertias was employed for modeling. The influencing factors of car stickiness were particularly explored. The results show that there are significant and mode-specific inertias in travelers’ choices of travel mode. The inertia of car users shifting to other modes is considerably large compared to inertias of public transit users. Travel time reliability and crowdedness in public transit are identified to be crucial factors influencing car users’ willingness to use public transit. Demographic attributes (age, income, education level and gender), spatial context features (commuting duration) and the regime of flexible work time are found to be significant influential variables of car stickiness. Moreover, direct and cross elasticity analyses were executed to show practical implications of shifting car users to public transit. The results provide serviceable support for transport planning and strategy making.