bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Meaningful in-training and end-of-training assessment: The need for implementing a continuous workplace-based formative assessment system in our training programs
Authors: Alam Laima , Alam Mafaza , Shafi Muhammad Najm ul Hasan , Khan Shaista , Khan Zahid Mehmood
Published: April 2022

Objectives: To analyze the systems and tools involved in assessment of skill procurement and demonstrating workplace skills in postgraduate medical training.

Methods: This cross-sectional survey was carried out by enrolling trainee doctors currently working in Medical, Surgical, Dental and Allied specialties of the country by sending a validated and piloted questionnaire through email. Data collection was done from 20th April to 20th May 2021. Data was analysed using SPSS v. 21.0.

Results: A total of 351 completed responses were received from 10 major cities of the country. Multiple aspects of entry-into-training, in-training and end-of-training evaluation showed poor correlation with the required training goals. A comparison of assessment for entry-into-supervised training (FCPS-I) versus independent practice (FCPS-II) showed a dismal situation regarding assessing affective skills like leadership, teamwork, coping with pressure and self-awareness. The concept of maintaining portfolios was completely alien to the trainees and the assessment tools used for demonstrating workplace skills were outdated. The lack of a continuous, periodic and balanced assessment (65%); detailed feedback (61.5%); fair exams (59%); variability in scoring system (58%) and professionalism of the examiners (57.5%) were the most frequently selected perceived flaws in the assessment system by the participants.

Conclusion: There are multiple lacunae regarding competency-based assessment systems in our training programs and a massive scope for improvement. Assessment systems should be implemented as continuous process of learning, self-reflection, feedback and revalidation throughout the training tenure at regular and multiple points.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.5.5921

How to cite this:Alam L, Alam M, Shafi MN, Khan S, Khan ZM. Meaningful in-training and end-of-training assessment: the need for implementing a continuous workplace-based formative assessment system in our training programs. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(5):---------.  doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.5.5921

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Effects of modified twin block appliance in growing Class II high angle cases: A cephalometric study
Authors: Jha Kanistika , Adhikari Manoj
Published: April 2022

Background: Class II malocclusions represent anteroposterior dysplasia usually resulting from mandibular retrusion. Along with a retropositioned mandible, it can be associated with either upward or backward jaw rotation. High angle cases are often associated with a short ramal height, steeper mandibular plane, and large gonial angle. Twin block is a commonly used myofunctional appliance that incorporates bite planes that direct the occlusal forces in a more favorable direction for correction of the retrognathic mandible. We aimed to evaluate skeletal, dental, and soft tissue changes following modified twin block appliance therapy in high-angle cases.

Methods: A cephalometric study was performed on 15 growing (10-14 years) high angle (Frankfort mandibular angle 28-35°) Class II Division I malocclusion patients undergoing twin block therapy. Skeletal, dental, and soft tissue changes were evaluated by cephalometric analysis using Dolphin software.

Results: Pre- and post-treatment changes in cephalograms were assessed by analysis of variance and paired t-test. Significant changes in the position of the mandible (angle between Sella-Nasion-Point B [SNB] increased by 3.9 degrees, P=0.02), Wits appraisal (decreased by 2.46 mm, P=0.04), maxillo-mandibular relationship (angle between Point A-Nasion-Point B [ANB] decreased by 3.73 degrees, P=0.02) were observed. Soft tissue changes like the nasolabial angle were also significant, increasing by 3.8 degrees (P=0.04) and lower lip relation to E-line (reduction in lower lip protrusion) by 2 mm (P=0.04). Vertical parameters showed non-significant changes, like the Frankfort mandibular angle (FMA) increased by 0.07 degrees, (P=0.67), the angle between Sella-Nasion and Gonion-Gnathion (SN-Go-Gn) increased by 0.33 degrees, (P=0.67), Y-axis increased by 0.2 degrees, (P=0.32). The upper incisor inclination decreased non-significantly from 5.60±1.24 to 4.20±0.86 degrees, (P=0.31) and lower incisor increased non-significantly from 100.13±2.23 to 101.80 ±1.37 degrees, (P=0.08).

Conclusions: Modified twin block appliance can be used to successfully treat Class II Division I high angle cases with good vertical control.
COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy among Iraqi general population between beliefs and barriers: An observational study
Authors: Shareef Laith G. , Fawzi Al-Hussainy Ali , Majeed Hameed Sajid
Published: April 2022

Background: Vaccine apprehension poses a serious threat to global health. While there has been a tremendous global effort to create a vaccine against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), little is known about its reception in  Iraq. Therefore, we sought to examine COVID-19 vaccine acceptance, hesitation, and related elements in the Iraqi population.

Methods: Between the 19th of May and the 22nd of September 2021, a descriptive, cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted employing a quantitative approach. Respondents from both sexes aged 18 years and above who live in Iraq and agreed to participate were included. An anonymized online structured questionnaire was designed based on data from prior research on vaccine  hesitation in general,  and COVID-19 vaccination reluctance specifically.

Results: A total of 1221 eligible participants from various regions in Iraq actively participated in the short web-based questionnaire. The overall acceptance rate of the COVID-19 vaccine was 56.2%, with a greater acceptance rate among younger male participants (p<0.05). Marital status had no significant association (p=0.834). Urbanization influenced the acceptance rate significantly (p=0.002). The barriers to receiving the COVID-19 vaccine were exemplified by the vaccine not being evaluated for a sufficient period in 51.4% of the responses, as well as concerns about future side effects in 76.6% of the responses and a lack of efficacy in 55.7% of the responses. The Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine received 39.6% preference and participants confidence, followed by the Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine at 18.1% and the Sinopharm vaccine at 14.6%.

Conclusions: COVID-19 vaccination apprehension was discovered in almost half of the study population. Lack of understanding about vaccination eligibility, anxiety about adverse events and vaccine efficacy, and distrust in the government were independently predictive of vaccine hesitation.
Preventable contributors to the neonatal healthcare-associated infections: a uni-center analytical study from South India.
Authors: Rani Usha , Lewis Leslie E. , Chawla Kiran , Naha Anup
Published: April 2022

Background: Globally, neonatal healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are known to cause high mortality. HAIs is a preventable condition related to the healthcare environment. The current study explored the contributors to neonatal HAIs in one of the largest tertiary care referral hospitals in South India.

Methods: Neonates from December 2016 to June 2018 were observed for the occurrence of healthcare-associated infections and compared with the matched control group. Various observations on neonatal demography, maternal contributors, and medical procedures were made and recorded to explore and analyse the contributors to neonatal HAIs. Univariate and multivariate analysis was carried out to find the contributors. The Odds ratio with 95% CI was also computed and reported.

Results: Bloodstream infection (83%) was prevalent among neonates; the maternal contributor was only preterm labor (Odds ratio of 11.93; 95% CI; 6.47-21.98; p<.05) to acquire HAIs. On univariate analysis, mechanical ventilation for > 3days duration, NIV for > five days, and PICC line insertion procedure were significant (p<0.05) contributors to neonatal HAIs. IV cannulation for more than three times in four consecutive days was found in 100(85%) neonates considered being associated with neonatal HAIs. On multivariate analysis, NIV, PICC line, preterm labor, and low birth weight were significant (p<0.05) contributors to neonatal HAIs.

Conclusion: The increased duration of invasive and non-invasive therapeutic devices and catheters contributes to neonatal HAIs. Neonates are acquiring bloodstream infections; low birth weight (LBW) neonates are more susceptible to acquiring HAIs.
‘Not finding causal effect’ is not ‘finding no causal effect’ of school closure on COVID-19
Authors: Endo Akira
Published: April 2022

In a paper recently published in Nature Medicine, Fukumoto et al. tried to assess the government-led school closure policy during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. They compared the reported incidence rates between municipalities that had and had not implemented school closure in selected periods from March–May 2020, where they matched for various potential confounders, and claimed that there was no causal effect on the incidence rates of COVID-19. However, the effective sample size (ESS) of their dataset had been substantially reduced in the process of matching due to imbalanced covariates between the treatment (i.e. with closure) and control (without closure) municipalities, which led to the wide uncertainty in the estimates. Despite the study title starting with "No causal effect of school closures", their results are insufficient to exclude the possibility of a strong mitigating effect of school closure on incidence of COVID-19. In this replication/reanalysis study, we showed that the confidence intervals of the effect estimates from Fukumoto et al. included a 100% relative reduction in COVID-19 incidence. Simulations of a hypothetical 50% or 80% mitigating effect hardly yielded statistical significance with the same study design and sample size. We also showed that matching of variables that had large influence on propensity scores (e.g. prefecture dummy variables) may have been incomplete.
Empowering trainees through understanding learning theory and changes in medical education
Authors: Singhal Parag , Craig Stephen , Boyd Grace , Sandhu Davinder
Published: April 2022

Background: Empowering trainees to think critically about decision making should result in the National Health Service (NHS) being more efficient and cost effective, thereby reducing the wastage of precious NHS resources on unnecessary investigations, treatment, and consequently putting patients at risk. There is a major shift from acquiring knowledge to critical analysis and synthesis of information for decision making. Trainees must understand how healthcare systems function and consequences of their decisions on budgets and patient care. Equally, faculty need to appreciate that their role is changing from information provider to facilitator of learning through feedback and supervision, role modelling, and innovator of learning approaches.

Methods: A survey of 100 postgraduate trainees from the Severn Deanery was conducted on SurveyMonkey in March 2020 and January 2021.  The survey consisted of eight questions focusing on trainee responses to participation in clinical decision-making in the inpatient setting. An additional question on communication with the patient was included in the second iteration.

Results: With a response rate of 80, only 35% of trainees had their findings regularly verified by the consultant. One third of trainees reported that decisions were made by the consultant without asking their opinion on investigations or management. It was unusual for trainees to have any interaction with patients on consultant ward rounds and to understand the rationale for the requested investigations.

Conclusion: The poor consultant trainee interaction represents a serious lost opportunity for experiential learning with real time feedback. Training programmes should support trainees being given opportunities to nurture analytical, problem-solving skills, dealing with uncertainty among other attributes of patient management. Trainees need to become competent through the art of critical thinking and develop a professional identity. Through this they develop confidence and competence leading to better patient outcomes, and prevention of the depletion of healthcare budgets.
A Comprehensive Survey on Energy Consumption Analysis for NoSQL
Authors: Shah Monika , Kothari Amit , Patel Samir
Published: April 2022

During the last few years, we are witnessing increasing development in the Internet of Things (IoT) and big data. To address increasing workload complexity with better performance and to handle scalability issues of such applications, non-relational (NoSQL) has started taking the place of relational databases. With increasing load, it is challenging to maintain NoSQL’s performance, scalability, and availability without expanding the capacity of hosts and power budget of computing resources. Future scaling of data center capabilities depends on the improvement of server power efficiency. Considering the rise of energy costs and environmental sustainability, we can not ignore this high energy consumption caused by NoSQL. Despite the increasing popularity and share of NoSQL in the software market, little is still known about its energy footprint. To the best of our knowledge, there are no comprehensive studies that analyze the energy consumption by various modules of NoSQL. This article, therefore, conducts a comprehensive survey on the energy consumption analysis of NoSQL. There are limited proposals to reduce the energy consumption of NoSQL. This paper also provides a brief description of these little efforts on reducing the energy consumption of NoSQL. Based on the review, this paper discusses the research scope and opportunities for researchers to improve the energy conservation of NoSQL systems.
The Development Tendencies of the Water Sewerage Structures in the Actual Rus-sian Conditions
Authors: Lomovcev D. , Kizimov M. , Potvorov A.
Published: April 2022

The article is based on analyses of the enterprises’ activity: JSC «Plastic» (Uzlovaya) and JSC «Tulagorvodokanal», in the sewerage sphere during 2017 – 2021. Their experience research revealed the capital assets obsolescence and the capital investment shortage in long-term period. The authors suggest the mechanism of the investment programmes development of the sewerage systems. It allows to accumulate the additional recourses for the capital assets enhancement.
the politicization of the educable child through aethereal power
Authors: Krönig Franz Kasper
Published: April 2022

The paper argues that a prevalent conception of power in the educational sciences is detrimental to pedagogy both as a field of practice and as a discipline and inept as a scientific concept from an epistemological standpoint. The designation of this power concept as ‘aethereal’ can provide the education theoretical discourses with a means to analyze and criticize positions and arguments that have undermined the autonomy of education since the establishment of Foucauldian thinking in the educational sciences. First, this article argues that the pedagogical notion of the educable child depends on the concepts of individuality, plasticity, and autonomy within the framework of a negative ontology. Second, it problematizes the effects of the substitution of these concepts in the postmodern power-critical educational sciences for pedagogy in general and the child as its key concept in particular. The politicized child is conceived of as subjugated, passive, vulnerable, and what is crucial: as a thing-like, i.e. pedagogically ineducable but only powerfully moldable identity. Third, it analyses the philosophical basis of this shift towards the politicization of the child by introducing the concept of ‘aethereal power’. The article concludes with a sociological reflection on the societal dimension of this fundamental transformation of education and hints at the emerging post-critical pedagogy as a possible remedy.
A aplicabilidade da teoria dos sistemas na fundamentação das decisões judiciais
Authors: Cabral Ana Luiza Novais , Ribeiro Sidiney Duarte , Cruz Álvaro Ricardo de Souza
Published: April 2022

ResumoA presente pesquisa vislumbra analisar a teoria dos sistemas desenvolvida por Niklas Luhmann apontando suas principais peculiaridades, trazendo conceitos como a diferenciação entre sistema e entorno, sentido, complexidade e a comunicação, conteúdos indispensáveis para a compreensão do modo de operar do sistema e de sua autopoiese. Para tanto, o trabalho se opera por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica com a metodologia qualitativa, de modo a verificar como a teoria dos sistemas está presente no modo de operar das decisões judiciais, haja vista que o direito é um subsistema que se mantém em constante evolução.Palavras-chave: Teoria dos sistemas; Sistema social; Decisão Judicial; Autopoiese dos sistemas. AbstractThis research aims to analyze the systems theory developed by Niklas Luhmann, pointing out its main peculiarities, bringing concepts such as the differentiation between system, surroundings, sense, complexity and communication, essential contents for understanding the system's operation and its autopoiesis. To this end, the work operates through a bibliographic review with qualitative methodology, in order to verify how the theory of systems is present in the way of operating judicial decisions, given that law is a subsystem that remains in constant evolution.Keywords: Systems theory; Social system; Judicial decision; Autopoiesis of systems.
Regularização fundiária plena: uma reinterpretação através da teoria do reconhecimento de Nancy Fraser / Full land regularization: a reinterpretation through Nancy Fraser's theory of recognition
Authors: Pagani Vitória Dal-Ri , Correia Arícia Fernandes
Published: April 2022

ResumoO presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar a regularização fundiária no Brasil à luz da teoria da justiça e do reconhecimento de Nancy Fraser, autora norte-americana. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, com abordagem teórica, por meio da análise de documentos legais e artigos científicos. Verificou-se que a efetivação da regularização fundiária plena viabiliza a redistribuição, com a concretização do direito de propriedade a minorias historicamente excluídas, e reconhecimento, com a implementação da regularização urbanística e sociocultural, o que lhes garante dignidade por melhorar a qualidade de vida e fomentar o diálogo com a comunidade. Em que pese este diálogo seja ainda emergente, nota-se a importância de sua implementação nas políticas públicas brasileiras. Este estudo contribui ao demonstrar o potencial da regularização fundiária plena na emancipação dos indivíduos, na promoção de inclusão social e efetivação do Direito à Cidade.Palavras-chave: Diálogo. Direito à Cidade. Reconhecimento. Regularização Fundiária Plena. Teoria da Justiça. AbstractThis article aims to relate the theory of justice and recognition by Nancy Fraser, an American author, with full land regularization in Brazil. A bibliographic search with an inductive method was carried out. It was found that the realization of full land regularization enables redistribution, with the realization of the right to property to historically excluded minorities, and recognition, with the implementation of urban and socio-cultural regularization, guaranteeing them dignity by improving the quality of life and promoting dialogue with the community. Although this dialogue is still emerging, we see the importance of its implementation in Brazilian public policies. This study contributed by demonstrating the potential of full land regularization in the emancipation of individuals, in promoting social inclusion and realizing the Right to the City.Keywords: Dialogue. Right to the City. Recognition. Full Land Regularization. Theory of Justice.
A Float Meter Based System for Self-Regulated Discharging and Feeding in a Laboratory Semi-CSTR for Anaerobic Digestion of Chicken Litter
Authors: Zhan Yuanhang , Xiao Yiting , Schrader Leland C. , Zhu Jun
Published: April 2022

Highlights

A float meter based system (FMBS) was designed for self-regulated discharging and feeding in an anaerobic semi-CSTR.

The accuracy and feasibility of the FMBS were determined for anaerobic digestion of chicken litter.

The FMBS had the advantages of much lower cost and better full working volume control than a digital accurate pump system (DAPS).

Abstract. Given the rapidly rising costs in building lab-scale reactors, efforts are needed to examine innovative designs of reactor systems to reduce the expenses of scientific research. In this study, a float meter based system (FMBS) was designed for self-regulated discharging and feeding to operate a semi-CSTR for anaerobic digestion of chicken litter (CL) with wheat straw (WS). The FMBS functioned properly in following a feeding, reaction (stirring), settling, and discharging cycle based on the hydraulic retention time (HRT). However, clogging in the feeding or discharging lines of the reactor might occur for co-digestion of CL and WS with high TS content (C/N = 20, TS = 6%). Compared with a digital accurate pump system (DAPS), the FMBS showed the advantages of low cost ($182 << $6000) and better control of the full working volume. The longest HRT that could be achieved in this study with an exchange liquid volume of 2 L in each operating cycle was 100.7 h. In all, the FMBS design could serve as a low-cost option for designing lab-scale, semi-CSTR for anaerobic digestion as well as other reactor configurations. Keywords: Anaerobic semi-CSTR, Feeding and discharging, Float meter, Self-regulated.
The diversity and distribution of Alpinia zerumbet clade in West Malesia
Authors: SETIAWAN EKA , ARDIYANI MARLINA , MIFTAHUDIN MIFTAHUDIN , POULSEN AXEL DALBERG , CHIKMAWATI TATIK
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Setiawan E, Ardiyani M, Miftahudin, Poulsen AD, Chikmawati T. 2022. The diversity and distribution of Alpinia Zerumbet  clade in West Malesia. Biodiversitas 23: 1734-1744. Alpinia belongs to the family Zingiberaceae and tribe Alpinioideae. One of the centres of Alpinia diversity is in Malesia, yet information regarding the taxon in this area is very limited. Furthermore, species richness and distribution in West Malesia have not been well documented particularly in respect of the taxonomical development following clade classification. The aim of the current paper is to study the morphological diversity and distribution of Alpinia Zerumbet clade in West Malesia to provide taxonomic information. Exploration was done in several locations in Java and Sumatra. Data were obtained from fresh and herbarium specimens preserved in three herbaria (BO, SING, BRUN), as well as digitally (L, E, and K). A total of 16 Alpinia species are placed in the clade of Zerumbet classified into a section, namely section Alpinia were recorded in West Malesia. They share several characters: i.e. absent or caducous secondary bracts, small or reduced lateral staminodes, and often having a petaloid and showy labellum. The highest diversity of Alpinia Zerumbet clade is recorded in the Philippines and Borneo (each has 7 species) and the lowest diversity is in Java (2 species). The most abundant habitat is in the lowlands and mountain rainforests. Most species of Alpinia Zerumbet clade are found in primary forest and secondary forest (Pinus or Agathis forest). A determination key was constructed based on information in the literature and direct observations of herbarium specimens.
Expression of heterosis, heterobeltiosis, and gene action in quantitative characters on soybean (Glycine max)
Authors: KRISNAWATI AYDA , ADIE MOCHAMMAD MUCHLISH
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Krisnawati A, Adie MM. 2022. Expression of heterosis, heterobeltiosis, and gene action in quantitative characters on soybean (Glycine max). Biodiversitas 23: 1745-1751. Most soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) varieties have been created by crossing two or more parental genotypes. The study aimed to quantify the value of heterosis, heterobeltiosis, the degree of dominance as well as the gene action of the agronomic characters of F1 plants derived from the four soybean cross combinations. All the parents and crosses were evaluated in the screen house of the Indonesian Legume and Tuber Crops Research Institute (Malang, East Java, Indonesia) during 2021. The estimation for mid-parent heterosis (hMP), high-parent heterosis or heterobeltiosis (hHP), degree of dominance, and gene action was done for sevenquantitative characters (plant height, number of branches, number of nodes, number of filled pods, number of empty pods, weight of 10 seeds, and seed yield). The performance of the quantitative characters differs among cross combinations. The estimated value of heterosis mid-parent (hMP) for F1 crosses from four parental combinations ranged from -61.20 to 27.57, heterobeltiosis (hHP) ranged from -71.17 to 9.84, and the degree of dominance ranged from -6.45 to 19.40. The crosses of Derap 1 × Gepak Kuning and Dering 1 × Gepak Kuning showed a positive hMP and hHP for seed yield character. Thus, these hybrids could be used to develop high-yielding varieties with desirable traits in soybean. Seed yield character in the cross of Derap 1 × Gepak Kuning exhibited the overdominance type of gene action, meanwhile, the Dering 1 × Gepak Kuning was incomplete dominance.
Half diallel of F1 tomato hybrid and its double cross-compatibility
Authors: FARID MUH , ANSHORI MUHAMMAD FUAD , RIDWAN IFAYANTI , DUNGGA NOVATY ENY , ERMIYANTI IRNA
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Farid M, Anhsori MF, Ridwan I, Dungga NE, Ermiyanti I. 2022. Half diallel of F1 tomato hybrid and its double cross-compatibility. Biodiversitas 23: 1813-1821. Breeding program for improvement of tomato fruit can be done through diallelic crosses genetic combinations. Therefore, genetic evaluation is needed to meet the breeding objective. This process can be combined with crosses between F1 to produce high diversity. However, evaluating the crosses' compatibility is required to increase the effectiveness of the assembly process. This study aimedto assess the half-diallel crosses of F1 tomatoes in the field and determine the most compatible pair cross combinationsin forming double and three-way F1 populations. This study was carried out in the Experimental Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University. The field evaluation was arranged ina randomized complete block design with ten genotypes, while the compatibility evaluationwas carried out using 6 F1 half diallel as the parents. The results showed that the Mawar and Chung varieties were better parents in the crossings. Furthermore, the results showed that F1 K/M (the best yield component), M/C (the best TDS and Lycopene traits), and BC/K (the genotype has good traits of yield component, TDS and Lycopene) were the best single F1 crosses that could be inherited to the F2 generation. In contrast, F1 K/M and F1 K/C crosses were the best male and female parents, respectively. The recommended double-crosses include K/C//BC/M, and BC/C//K/M, while for the F1 unbalanced three-way cross was K/C//K/M.
Short Communication: Sustainability of ecological dimension in peatland management in The Giam Siak Kecil Bukit Batu Landscape, Riau, Indonesia
Authors: ZULKARNAINI ZULKARNAINI , SUJIANTO SUJIANTO , WAWAN WAWAN
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Zulkarnaini, Sujianto, Wawan. 2022. Short Communication: Sustainability of ecological dimension in peatland management in The Giam Siak Kecil Bukit Batu Landscape, Riau, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 1822-1827. The Giam Siak Kecil-Bukit Batu (GSKBB) in Riau Province, Indonesia, is assigned as a biosphere reserve due to its importance in terms of biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services provision, particularly due to the existence of large tracts of peat swamp forest. However, GSKBB landscape is threatened by various anthropogenic activities of using peatland resources because such activities are often carried out in an exploitative and destructive manner. This study aims to analyze the sustainability of the ecological dimension in peatland management in the GSKBB landscape. Methodologically, the design of this research used a mixed approach by combining quantitative and qualitative methods to determine the sustainability of peatland management. Primary data was collected through field observations and in-depth interviews with key informants from the GSKBB Biosphere Reserve management board, local government, private companies, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and other local stakeholders. Computer programming RAPPEAT was used to analyze the sustainability index. The results of sustainability analysis of the ecological dimension of peatland management in the GSKBB landscape obtained a sustainability index of 46.5% or classified as less sustainable (<50). This value suggests that the condition of the peatland ecosystem is under pressure viewed from the ecological aspect. This is reinforced by the results of field observations which showed that the peatland ecosystem is experiencing damage and quality degradation such as land degradation, illegal logging, and land conversion. Leverage analysis obtained two attributes that are sensitive to the sustainability index of ecological dimension, namely land use (RMS = 3.84) and land conversion (RMS = 3.11). These two attributes indicate that the condition of the peatland ecosystem is strongly influenced by plantation activities in the area.
The growth of Paraserianthes falcataria at three different plant ages and soil thickness classes on reclamation sites of post-coal mining areas in East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: MULYADI MULYADI , RUHIYAT DADDY , AIPASSA MARLON IVANHOE , HARDWINANTO SIGIT
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Mulyadi, Ruhiyat D, Aipassa MI, Hardwinanto S. 2022. The growth of Paraserianthes falcataria at three different plant ages and soil thickness classes on reclamation sites of post-coal mining areas in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 1930-1937. Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria (L.) Nielsen syn. Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) Barneby & J.W. Grimes) is a fast-growing species commonly used for reclamation of post-coal mining areas in East Kalimantan. The study aimed to determine the impact of different thicknesses of topsoil applied at some reclamation sites after coal mining activities on the growth of P. falcataria. Three coal mining companies were chosen as study areas, i.e., PT Bukit Baiduri Energi (BBE), PT. Mahakam Sumber Jaya (MSJ), and PT. Kaltim Prima Coal (KPC). The regolith soil layer at the reclamation site had three thickness classes (0-10 cm, 0-30 cm, 0-100 cm), and the P. falcataria growing on reclamation had three ages, i.e.,< 2 yrs old (initial growth phase), 2-5 yrs old (tending phase), and > 5 yrs old (independent growth phase). The number of surviving plants, plant height, and plant stem’s diameter were recorded, and the data were analyzed using ANOVA and the least significant difference at 5% level. The results showed that no significant difference in the number of trees among different ages of P. falcataria plantation was found at MSJ. In contrast, at BBE and KPC the number of surviving trees decreased significantly with the increasing plant age. The growth of the plant (height, diameter) increased significantly along with plant age in all sites. The interaction between the top soiling thickness factor and plant age factor produced no different result in plant growth except for plant height at BBE. The P. falcataria plants had not been able to lower the surface soil density in the land reclamation area.
Variability total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of Curcuma zanthorrhiza and C. aeruginosa cultivated in three different locations in West Java, Indonesia
Authors: SURYANI SURYANI , AL ANSHORY ASMAUL CHUSNA , MARLIN MARLIN , ARTIKA I MADE , AMBARSARI LAKSMI , Nurcholis Waras
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Suryani, Al Anshory AC, Marlin, Artika IM, Ambarsari L, Nurcholis W. 2022. Variability total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of Curcuma zanthorrhiza and C. aeruginosa cultivated in three different locations in West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 1998-2003. Curcuma zanthorrhiza Roxb. and C. aeruginosa Roxb. are medicinal plants belonging to the Zingiberaceae family, which contained phenolic compounds. Phenolic is one of the antioxidant compounds. This study aimed to investigate variation on the total phenolic and antioxidant activity of three C. zanthorrhiza varieties and twenty C. aeruginosa genotypes cultivated in three different locations in West Java, Indonesia. Total phenolic content was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, whereas antioxidant activity was used spectrophotometry using DPPH method. The total phenolic content ranged from 2.403 to 7.539 mg GAE/ g DW) differed significantly among the C. zanthorrhiza and C. aeruginosa varieties/genotypes, with the highest concentration found in the Cursina 3 variety of C. zanthorrhiza in Cianjur. The antioxidant activity ranged from 2.443 to 14.960 µmol TE/g DW, with the maximum activity identified in the Cursina 2 variety of C. zanthorrhiza in the Bogor location. G1, G6, G13, and G16 were identified as stable genotypes for phenolic antioxidant production. Three C. zanthorrhiza cultivars demonstrated higher total phenolic content and antioxidant activity than all C. aeruginosa genotypes in all planting areas. C. zanthorrhiza cultivars are the most promising source of phenolic content and antioxidant activity and are thus recommended for mass plantation at suitable locations in West Java, Indonesia to maximize potential.
Genetic parameters for resin production of Pinus merkusii progeny test collected from three landraces in Banyumas Barat Forest District, Indonesia
Authors: NUGRAHANTO GUNAWAN , NA’IEM MOHAMMAD , INDRIOKO SAPTO , FARIDAH ENY , WIDIYATNO WIDIYATNO , ABDILLAH ERLANGGA
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Nugrahanto G, Na’iem M, Indrioko S, Faridah F, Widiyatno, Abdillah E. 2022. Genetic parameters for resin production of Pinus merkusii progeny test collected from three landraces in Banyumas Barat Forest District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 2010-2016. Pinus merkusii Jungh. et de Vriese is a native pine species in Indonesia that is used in the production of essential and economically valued products, such as wood and resin. The resin productivity can be increased significantly via breeding programs. The objective of this study is to analyze the genetic parameters of resin productivity based on the progeny performance in three landrace seeds sources, namely, Sumedang seedling seed orchards (SSOs), Jember SSO, and East Java seed source. The drilling method was used for tapping trees, and then resin production was measured individually. Additional data on height, diameter, and branch-free height were also collected. Based on family variance component analysis data of resin production, it was noted that Sumedang SSO, Jember SSO, and East Java seed sources have relatively high genetic variations of 4.48%, 15.77%, and 3.80%, respectively. These values were then followed by a moderate family heritability value for all of them (0.451-0.551). A high value of individual heritability estimates was obtained for Jember SSO (0.658), and moderate values were found for Sumedang SSO (0.182) and East Java seed sources (0.158), respectively. The estimated genetic gains were calculated for resin production using selection intensity levels at 10%, 25%, and 50%. The result indicated that the Jember SSO landrace obtained the highest genetic gains at 17.55%, 12.73%, and 7.99%, for the above-mentioned intensity levels, respectively. In contrast, the lowest one was found in the Sumedang SSO landrace.
Phylogeography of Aplocheilus panchax in Indonesia, with special focus on the Bangka Island population
Authors: Mustikasari Diah , Nuryanto Agus , Suryaningsih Suhestri
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Mustikasari D, Nuryanto A, Suryaningsih S. 2022. Phylogeography of Aplocheilus panchax in Indonesia, with special focus on the Bangka Island population. Biodiversitas 23: 2035-2046. Previous studies divided Blue panchax, Aplocheilus panchax into three different clades, namely West (W), Central (C), and East (E) clades. Blue panchax populations from Indonesia belong to the Central and East clades. However, that study did not include blue panchax samples from pits with harsh conditions in Bangka Island, Indonesia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the phylogeography of blue panchax in Indonesia with a special focus on the Bangka Island population using the cytochrome c oxidase 1 (COI) gene. The results showed that genetic distance within Bangka Island population was less than 2%, while genetic distances between Bangka population and other populations were ranged from 103.87% to 122.10%. There was also a clear genetic gap between the Bangka and other populations, with the minimum gap was 101.94%. Furthermore, the seventy-nine sequences analyzed resulted 28 haplotypes with genetic variability of 0.221 for nucleotide diversity (p), 0.923 for Haplotype diversity (Hd), 68.028 for Fu’s Fs-test, 2.00 (P < 0.02) for Fu and Li’s D-test, and 2.365 (P < 0.02) for Fu and Li’s F-test; and 1.927 for Tajima's D test (0.10 > P > 0.05). The Bangka population of Aplocheilus panchax established a distinct clade from the Western (W), Eastern (E), and Central (C) clades. Molecular data established that the population on Bangka Island is a novel clade for Indonesia and a global blue panchax phylogeographic.
Diversity, domination and behavior of mosquitoes in filariasis endemic area of Bogor District, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Nirwan Muhammad , Hadi Upik Kesumawati , Soviana Susi , Satrija Fadjar , Setiyaningsih Surachmi
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Nirwan M, Hadi UK, Soviana S, Satrija F, Setiyaningsih S. 2022. Diversity, domination and behavior of mosquitoes in filariasis endemic area of Bogor District, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 2093-2100. A study on the diversity, dominance and behavior of mosquitoes was done in the two filariasis endemic areas in Bogor District, West Java, Indonesia. The objectives of this study were to determine the diversity, dominance and behavior of mosquitoes and their importance as vectors of filariasis in two endemic areas in Bogor District, namely Tamansari Village (rural) and Cimanggis Village (urban). This research was carried out from September 2019 to February 2020. Mosquitoes were collected from 6.00 pm to 6.00 am, twice a month in each village, by using the bare leg collection technique. The collected mosquitoes were identified and analyzed. Filaria detection was carried out by dissecting technique and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The result indicated eight (8) species of mosquitoes in the rural area (Tamansari village), i.e., Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti, Cx. vishnui, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Armigeres kesseli, Ar. subalbatus, Ae. albopictus, Mansonia annulata. On the other hand, there were six (6) species found in the urban area (Cimanggis village), i.e., Cx. quinquefasciatus, Ae. aegypti, Ar. kesseli, Ar. subalbatus, Cx. vishnui, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and Cx. quinquefasciatus were found to be the most dominant in Tamansari village (90.46) and also in Cimanggis Village (95.67). Based on the analysis showed that the mosquito diversity index was low in both the Tamansari village (H’: 0.444) and the Cimanggis village (H’: 0.238). In general, mosquito-biting behavior prefers to suck blood indoors (anthropophilic) with a peak density in the range of 23.00-04.00. The results of filarial detection using dissecting technique and PCR methods against mosquitoes caught in Tamansari Village and Cimanggis Village did not find any L3 larvae and microfilariae in the examined mosquitoes. Culex quinquefasciatus was found to be very potential as the main vector for the spread of filariasis both in rural and urban areas of endemic filariasis of Bogor District, Indonesia.
The role of urban green space design to support bird community in the urban ecosystem
Authors: PRIHANDI DANA RISQY , NURVIANTO SANDY
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Prihandi DR, Nurvianto S. 2022. The role of urban green space design to support bird community in the urban ecosystem. Biodiversitas 23: 2137-2145. The increase in human population due to urbanization causes the expansion of urban areas that threatens forest lands to be lost and makes a serious threat to its biodiversity. Along with changes in the landscape due to urbanization, open green space is an alternative solution to maintaining biological diversity in urban areas. However, various types of open green spaces were developed following certain objectives of landscape management that potentially have different effects on biodiversity. This research aimed to identify the role of various open green spaces designs on bird biodiversity. Birds can be a good indicator of environmental quality because birds are a type of animal that can move in different habitat types and habitat areas and are often used as an indicator of habitat quality in urban areas. Bird observation was conducted using the point count method, while the environmental conditions were recorded using the nested and protocol sampling method. Those data were collected in five different open green spaces of Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Province. Species diversity shows the diversity of species in a bird community in a certain area using the Shanon-Wiener index. Bird communities were also analyzed using rarefaction analysis. This analysis was used to standardize the species abundance in each type of green open space to estimate the ideal species richness of open green space from the different number of samples. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the value of diversity, richness, and relative abundance of bird species among five different types of open green space. We used Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) to visualize the bird's response toward environmental gradients. Generalized Linear Model (GLM) was employed to determine the effect of the environmental factors on the diversity of bird species. The result showed that different types of urban green spaces have different richness and relative abundance of bird species. We found 5925 individual birds from 40 species in five different types of open green spaces. The garden was the type of open green space with the highest bird species diversity. Of the many variables taken, the slope and the number of vehicles per minute affected the diversity of species. Those two variables were also negatively correlated with the diversity of bird species in the five types of open green spaces. The number of vehicles causes noise and pollution, which causes a decrease in bird populations. Flat slopes can also help birds get food, such as seeds on a flat surface. Creating more gardens for public and private spaces becomes an alternative solution to enhance bird diversity in the urban area.
The potency of selected ethnomedicinal plants from East Kalimantan, Indonesia as antidiabetic agents and free-radical scavengers
Authors: RAMADHAN RICO , PHUWAPRAISIRISAN PREECHA , AMIRTA RUDIANTO , DARMAWAN MUHAMMAD FADIL BAGAS , UL-HAQ KAUTSAR , KUSUMA IRAWAN WIJAYA , SUWITO HERY , ABDULGANI NURLITA , MUKHDLOR AHMAD , SAPARWADI SAPARWADI
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Ramadhan R, Phuwapraisirisan P, Amirta R, Darmawan MFB, Ul-Haq K, Kusuma IW, Suwito H, Abdulgani N, Mukhdlor A, Saparwadi. 2022. The potency of selected ethnomedicinal plants from East Kalimantan, Indonesia as antidiabetic agents and free-radical scavengers. Biodiversitas 23: 2225-2231. Ten ethnomedicinal plant extracts from East Kalimantan flora, traditionally used to treat blood sugar levels and other diabetes-related diseases, were examined in vitro for their antidiabetic and free radical scavenging activities by inhibiting rat alpha-glucosidase and several free radicals such as DPPH, ABTS, and Nitric oxide respectively. Out of the ten plant species investigated for their antidiabetic activity against maltase and sucrase rat alpha-glucosidase, three exhibited the strongest ?-glucosidaseinhibitory activity with maltose as a substrate, namely extracts of Garcinia nervosa, Syzygium caudatilimbum, and Shorea balangeran with IC50 values of 0.046; 0.037; 0.045 mg/mL. Meanwhile, quercetin as a positive control appeared to have a comparable IC50value. Furthermore, among the ten extracts, Syzygium caudatilimbum, Shorea balangeran, and Ixora javanica showed good inhibition against sucrase rat alpha-glucosidase. Moreover, the antioxidant test showed that the ten methanol extracts of plants from East Kalimantan have an antioxidant activity indicated by IC50values. The present study confirms that the ethnopharmacological use of selected plants from East Kalimantan might have potential as an antidiabetic and natural antioxidant.
Use of geotechnologies for morphometric analysis of experimental basin in the semiarid region to support hydrological simulation
Authors: Chagas Aline Maria Soares das , Montenegro Abelardo Antônio de , Farias Carolyne Wanessa Lins de Andrade , Lins Frederico Abraão Costa , Silva José Raliuson Inácio
Published: April 2022

The morphometric characteristics help to regulate the hydrological processes of a basin. The understanding of these characteristics is essential for an adequate planning of water resources. The aim of this study was to analyze the sensitivity of the hydrological simulation to different pixel thresholds for the generation of the drainage network and to perform a detailed morphometric characterization of the sub-basin upstream of a fluviometric section (SBSF) installed in the experimental basin of the Jatobá stream, semiarid region of Pernambuco. The following thresholds were considered: 264, 132, 66, 55 and 44 pixels, corresponding to scenarios 1 to 5, respectively. The morphometric analyses were performed through hydrological modeling and the use of mathematical equations, where 25 morphometric indices were evaluated. The results indicated that scenarios 3, 4 and 5 adequately represented the hydrological processes. The physical parameters indicate that the basin has an elongated shape, with a low tendency for flood peaks under normal conditions of climatic events. Although the SBSF presents a low average slope, it was verified the existence of regions with high slopes, favoring the surface runoff, which requires the adoption of conservationist practices and the maintenance of native vegetation.