bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Birth of Archaeal Cells: Molecular Phylogenetic Analyses of G1P Dehydrogenase, G3P Dehydrogenases, and Glycerol Kinase Suggest Derived Features of Archaeal Membranes Having G1P Polar Lipids
Authors: Yokobori Shin-ichi , Nakajima Yoshiki , Akanuma Satoshi , Yamagishi Akihiko
Published: September 2016

Bacteria and Eukarya have cell membranes withsn-glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P), whereas archaeal membranes containsn-glycerol-1-phosphate (G1P). Determining the time at which cells with either G3P-lipid membranes or G1P-lipid membranes appeared is important for understanding the early evolution of terrestrial life. To clarify this issue, we reconstructed molecular phylogenetic trees of G1PDH (G1P dehydrogenase; EgsA/AraM) which is responsible for G1P synthesis and G3PDHs (G3P dehydrogenase; GpsA and GlpA/GlpD) and glycerol kinase (GlpK) which is responsible for G3P synthesis. Together with the distribution of these protein-encoding genes among archaeal and bacterial groups, our phylogenetic analyses suggested that GlpA/GlpD in the Commonote (the last universal common ancestor of all extant life with a cellular form,Commonote commonote) acquired EgsA (G1PDH) from the archaeal common ancestor (Commonote archaea) and acquired GpsA and GlpK from a bacterial common ancestor (Commonote bacteria). In our scenario based on this study, the Commonote probably possessed a G3P-lipid membrane synthesized enzymatically, after which the archaeal lineage acquired G1PDH followed by the replacement of a G3P-lipid membrane with a G1P-lipid membrane.
Neuroprotective Effects of the Herbal Formula B401 in Both Cell and Mouse Models of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Hsu Chih-Hsiang , Wang Sheue-Er , Lin Ching-Lung , Hsiao Chun-Jen , Sheu Shuenn-Jyi , Wu Chung-Hsin
Published: September 2016

In this study, we have reported the herbal formula B401 that has neuroprotective effects via multifunction, multitarget characteristics. It is possible that the herbal formula B401 may also provide new insights for AD. Here, we studied protective effects in the Tet‐On Aβ42‐GFP SH‐SY5Y cell model and the APP/PS1/Tau triple transgenic mouse model by the herbal formula B401. In in vitro experiments, we showed that the herbal formula B401 treatment effectively reduces glutamate‐induced excitotoxicity and acetylcholinesterase activity in Tet‐On Aβ42‐GFP SH‐SY5Y cells. In in vivo experiments, we found that oral B401 treatment effectively ameliorates neurocognitive dysfunctions of 3× Tg‐AD mice via motor and cognitive behavior tests. By using magnetic resonance imaging, moorFLPI instruments, and chemiluminescence methods, we reported that oral B401 treatment effectively alleviates brain atrophy, improves subcutaneous blood flow, and reduces blood ROS in 3× Tg‐AD mice. As observed from results of immunohistochemistry staining and western blotting, we found that oral B401 treatment significantly enhances expressions of neuroprotective proteins, while reducing expressions of AD derived proteins such as amyloid beta, phosphorylated Tau, neurofibrillary tangles, and 3‐nitrotyrosine in the brain of 3× Tg‐AD mice. Thus, the herbal formula B401 may have the potential to be developed into optimum TCM for AD patients.
Polyanionic Biopolymers for the Delivery of Pt(II) Cationic Antiproliferative Complexes
Authors: Ravera Mauro , Gabano Elisabetta , Zanellato Ilaria , Perin Elena , Arrais Aldo , Osella Domenico
Published: September 2016

Phenanthriplatin, that is, (SP-4-3)-diamminechlorido(phenanthridine)platinum(II) nitrate, an effective antitumor cationic Pt(II) complex, was loaded on negatively charged dextran sulfate (DS) as a model vector for drug deliveryviaelectrostatic interactions. The free complex and the corresponding conjugate withDSwere tested on two standard human tumor cell lines, namely, ovarian A2780 and colon HCT 116, and on several malignant pleural mesothelioma cell lines (namely, epithelioid BR95, mixed/biphasic MG06, sarcomatoid MM98, and sarcomatoid cisplatin-resistant MM98R). Thein vitroresults suggest that the conjugate releases the active metabolite phenanthriplatin with a biphasic fashion. In these experimental conditions, the conjugate is slightly less active than free phenanthriplatin; but both exhibited antiproliferative potency higher than the reference metallodrug cisplatin and were able to overcome the acquired cisplatin chemoresistance in MM98R cells.
Single Top and Higgs Associated Production in the MinimalB-LModel at the LHC
Authors: Yang Bingfang , Liu Zhiyong , Han Jinzhong , Yang Guang
Published: September 2016

We study the single top production in association with a Higgs boson in theU(1)B-Lextension of the Standard Model at the LHC. We calculate the production cross sections of the processespp→thX  (h=H1,H2;  X=j,b,W)in this model. We further study the observability of the processpp→tH2jthroughpp→t(→qq-′b)H2(→4l)jand find that it is still challenging for the 14 TeV LHC with high luminosity to detect this signal.
Enhancing Stability of Thin-Walled Short Steel Channel Using CFRP under Eccentric Compression
Authors: Tang Hongyuan , Wang Canjun , Wang Ruijiao
Published: September 2016

This paper presents the experimental and analytical results of eccentrically loaded short cold-formed thin-wall steel channels strengthened with transversely oriented carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) strips around their web and flange. Seven specimens, each 750 mm long, were fabricated; the main parameters were the number of CFRP plies (one or two) and the space between the CFRP strips (50, 100, or 150 mm). The application of the CFRP strips results in increases in ultimate load capacity and, with the exception of the most heavily reinforced (2 plies at 50 and 100 mm), local buckling was observed prior to global buckling. To extend and better understand the experimental work, a companion analytical study was conducted. Comparisons between experimental observations and computed results show that the analyses provided good correlation to actual behavior. In addition, the numerical results explained the observed phenomenon that flange local buckling was constrained to regions between the CFRP strips.
A New Proof of Concept in Bacterial Reduction: Antimicrobial Action of Violet-Blue Light (405 nm) in Ex Vivo Stored Plasma
Authors: Maclean Michelle , Anderson John G. , MacGregor Scott J. , White Tracy , Atreya Chintamani D.
Published: September 2016

Bacterial contamination of injectable stored biological fluids such as blood plasma and platelet concentrates preserved in plasma at room temperature is a major health risk. Current pathogen reduction technologies (PRT) rely on the use of chemicals and/or ultraviolet light, which affects product quality and can be associated with adverse events in recipients. 405 nm violet-blue light is antibacterial without the use of photosensitizers and can be applied at levels safe for human exposure, making it of potential interest for decontamination of biological fluids such as plasma. As a pilot study to test whether 405 nm light is capable of inactivating bacteria in biological fluids, rabbit plasma and human plasma were seeded with bacteria and treated with a 405 nm light emitting diode (LED) exposure system (patent pending). Inactivation was achieved in all tested samples, ranging from low volumes to prebagged plasma. 99.9% reduction of low density bacterial populations (≤103 CFU mL−1), selected to represent typical “natural” contamination levels, was achieved using doses of 144 Jcm−2. The penetrability of 405 nm light, permitting decontamination of prebagged plasma, and the nonrequirement for photosensitizing agents provide a new proof of concept in bacterial reduction in biological fluids, especially injectable fluids relevant to transfusion medicine.
Unusual Case of a Proptosed Eye: Isolated Right Maxillary Neurofibroma
Authors: Yap Darren , Fox Hannah , Addams-Williams Julia
Published: September 2016

Neurofibroma is a slow growing benign tumour of the peripheral nerve sheath which is frequently associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 (Prakash et al., 2014). Isolated solitary occurrence of neurofibroma in the maxillary sinus is rare with only 29 reported cases in the literature. We present a rare case of a 70-year-old gentleman who was referred to ENT with a right maxillary sinus neurofibroma with extension into the right inferior orbit. He has significant proptosis, ptosis, and limitation in abduction of the right eye. He has a complicated past history of multiple neurofibromas which were completely excised. Craniofacial MRI shows a large mass filling the right maxillary antrum extending anteriorly into subcutaneous tissue towards nasal ala and posterolaterally into inferior temporal fossa and superiorly into orbit and cavernous sinus involvement. Biopsy of the right maxillary mass revealed cellular spindle cell tumour with wavy collagen bundles within myxoid stroma which is consistent with a neurofibroma. Patient’s case was discussed in the skull-base MDT and he has been referred to a specialist center for surgical removal of the neurofibroma with reconstructive surgery. Despite the rarity of this disease, otorhinolaryngologist should consider a possibility of neurofibroma of the paranasal sinuses.
Compatibility and Conjugacy on Partial Arrays
Authors: Vijayachitra S. , Sasikala K.
Published: September 2016

Research in combinatorics on words goes back a century. Berstel and Boasson introduced the partial words in the context of gene comparison. Alignment of two genes can be viewed as a construction of two partial words that are said to be compatible. In this paper, we examine to which extent the fundamental properties of partial words such as compatbility and conjugacy remain true for partial arrays. This paper studies a relaxation of the compatibility relation calledk-compability. It also studiesk-conjugacy of partial arrays.
Tracking Control Based on Control Allocation with an Innovative Control Effector Aircraft Application
Authors: Dong Chaoyang , Lu Yao , Wang Qing
Published: September 2016

This paper proposes a control allocation method for the tracking control problem of a class of morphing aircraft with special actuators which are different from the conventional actuation surfaces. This design of actuators can bring about some potential advantages to the flight vehicles; however, due to the integral constraints, the desired control cannot be performed accurately; therefore, it leads to undesirable tracking errors, so influencing the performance of the system. Because the system could be control allocated, based on the designed cost function that describes the tracking errors, the cuckoo search algorithm (CSA) is introduced to search for the optimum solution within the calculated actuator execution commands that are equivalent to the desired commands. Several improvement measures are proposed for boosting the efficiency of the CSA and ensuring reasonable solutions. Simulation results show that the proposed control allocation method is necessary and effective, and the improvement measures are helpful in obtaining the optimum solution.
Exercise Therapy for Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Superior Efficacy of Activity Monitors over Pedometers
Authors: Miyauchi Masaaki , Toyoda Masao , Kaneyama Noriko , Miyatake Han , Tanaka Eitaro , Kimura Moritsugu , Umezono Tomoya , Fukagawa Masafumi
Published: September 2016

We compared the efficacy of activity monitor (which displays exercise intensity and number of steps) versus that of pedometer in exercise therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes. The study subjects were divided into the activity monitor group (n=92) and pedometer group (n=95). The primary goal was improvement in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). The exercise target was set at 8,000 steps/day and 20 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise (≥3.5 metabolic equivalents). The activity monitor is equipped with a triple-axis accelerometer sensor capable of measuring medium-intensity walking duration, number of steps, walking distance, calorie consumption, and total calorie consumption. The pedometer counts the number of steps. Blood samples for laboratory tests were obtained during the visits. The first examination was conducted at the start of the study and repeated at 2 and 6 months. A significant difference in the decrease in HbA1c level was observed between the two groups at 2 months. The results suggest that the use of activity level monitor that displays information on exercise intensity, in addition to the number of steps, is useful in exercise therapy as it enhances the concept of exercise therapy and promotes lowering of HbA1c in diabetic patients.
Chinese Herbal Medicine for Postpartum Depression: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Li Yongle , Chen Zijie , Yu Ning , Yao Keyu , Che Yiwen , Xi Yupeng , Zhai Shuangqing
Published: September 2016

Background. Postpartum depression (PPD) does great harm to women following childbirth. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature to assess the efficacy and safety of CHM for the treatment of PPD. Methods. Published or ongoing registered trials were searched for from the inception of the various databases to December 31, 2015. Data extraction and methodology assessment were conducted independently by two researchers. RevMan 5.3 software was used to analyze the data. Results. Forty‐seven registered clinical trials (RCTs) were identified and reviewed. The results showed CHM alone or in combination with routine treatments could reduce HAMD score, EPDS score, incidence of adverse events, TESS, and SERS. CHM combined with routine treatment was more effective in increasing serum estradiol levels and reducing progesterone levels than routine treatment alone. Meanwhile, pooled data revealed that MRLQS combined with routine treatments or MRLQS plus MSHS combined with routine treatments were more effective than other therapeutic methods in TCM. MRLQS plus MSHS alone was found to be an effective alternative when compared to routine treatments. Conclusions. This review suggested that CHM was safe and effective in the treatment of PPD. However, this could not be proven conclusively. To ensure evidence‐based clinical practice, more rigorously designed trials are warranted.
Lineament Length and Density Analyses Based on the Segment Tracing Algorithm: A Case Study of the Gaosong Field in Gejiu Tin Mine, China
Authors: Ni Chunzhong , Zhang Shitao , Liu Chunxue , Yan Yongfeng , Li Yujian
Published: September 2016

This study used the Segment Tracing Algorithm (STA) to extract lineaments from remotely sensed images. A computer program was then written to calculate the lineament densities and lengths. In Gaosong field, 3,233 lineaments were extracted based on a 200 m × 200 m grid size. The results indicate that most lineaments lengths are between 30 m and 50 m, and the number of lineaments within each cell ranges from 1 to 6. Areas with high distributions exist on both sides of the central region. According to the contour map of lineament length, the maximum lineament length is 380 m, and the minimum length is 30 m. The contours mainly extend in two directions, including NE and NW trends. This is consistent with the prominent NE and NW strike faults that prevail in the mining area. The results are similar to those obtained in the Machishui ore block, which has become a mine production area. High values of lineament length and density in the contour map of Gaosong field may be associated with hydrothermal tin mineralization in the study area. The results of this study potentially provide a new approach to mineral exploration in the early stage of geological prospecting.
A Simple and Quick Method for the Determination of Pesticides in Environmental Water by HF-LPME-GC/MS
Authors: Menezes Helvécio C. , Paulo Breno P. , Paiva Maria José N. , Cardeal Zenilda L.
Published: September 2016

This paper describes a simple and quick method for sampling and also for carrying out the preconcentration of pesticides in environmental water matrices using two-phased hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction (HF-LPME). Factors such as extraction mode, time, solvents, agitation, and salt addition were investigated in order to validate the LPME method. The following conditions were selected: 6 cm of polypropylene hollow fiber, ethyl octanoate as an acceptor phase, and extraction during 30 min under stirring at 200 rpm. The optimized method showed good linearity in the range of 0.14 to 200.00 μg L−1; the determination coefficient (R2) was in the range of 0.9807–0.9990. The LOD ranged from 0.04 μg L−1to 0.44 μg L−1, and LOQ ranged from 0.14 μg L−1to 1.69 μg L−1. The recovery ranged from 85.17% to 114.73%. The method was applied to the analyses of pesticides in three environmental water samples (a spring and few streams) collected in a rural area from the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Syndrome of Reduced Sensitivity to Thyroid Hormones: Two Case Reports and a Literature Review
Authors: Anyfantakis Anastasios , Anyfantakis Dimitrios , Vourliotaki Irene
Published: September 2016

Resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH) is an extremely rare dominantly inherited condition of impaired tissue responsiveness to thyroid hormone (TH). Most patients with RTH have mutations in the gene that encodes theβisoform of the receptor of thyroid hormone (THR-βgene). Mutant receptors are unable to activate or repress target genes. The majority of them are asymptomatic or rarely have hypo- or hyperthyroidism. RTH is suspected by the finding of persistent elevation of serum levels of free T3 (FT3) and free T4 (FT4) and nonsuppressed TSH. We present two cases of RTH diagnosed after total thyroidectomy. The first patient was initially diagnosed with primary hyperthyroidism due to toxic multinodular goiter. The second patient had undergone thyroidectomy for multinodular goiter 16 years before diagnosis of RTH. After thyroidectomy, although on relatively high doses of levothyroxine, both of them presented with the laboratory findings of RTH. Genetic analysis revealed RTH.
Poor Outcomes in Hepatic Amyloidosis: A Report of 2 Cases
Authors: Yim Brandon , Kertowidjojo Elizabeth , Zhang Yue , Patel Pruthvi
Published: September 2016

Hepatic amyloidosis is a rare disease entity that results from insoluble amyloid protein deposition in the liver. The disease often presents with vague, nonspecific clinical features. Currently, there is little literature describing treatment outcomes for biopsy-proven hepatic amyloidosis and current treatment guidelines recommend that patients enroll in a clinical trial due to insufficient evidence to suggest an optimal treatment regimen. Here, we present two cases of hepatic amyloidosis at an academic medical center and describe their presentation, treatment, and outcomes. These cases highlight the poor outcomes and difficult management of hepatic amyloidosis. Further understanding and investigation of this rare disease are warranted.
PPARγin Bacterial Infections: A Friend or Foe?
Authors: Reddy Aravind T. , Lakshmi Sowmya P. , Reddy Raju C.
Published: September 2016

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ(PPARγ) is now recognized as an important modulator of leukocyte inflammatory responses and function. Its immunoregulatory function has been studied in a variety of contexts, including bacterial infections of the lungs and central nervous system, sepsis, and conditions such as chronic granulomatous disease. Although it is generally believed that PPARγactivation is beneficial for the host during bacterial infections via its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties, PPARγagonists have also been shown to dampen the host immune response and in some cases exacerbate infection by promoting leukocyte apoptosis and interfering with leukocyte migration and infiltration. In this review we discuss the role of PPARγand its activation during bacterial infections, with focus on the potential of PPARγagonists and perhaps antagonists as novel therapeutic modalities. We conclude that adjustment in the dosage and timing of PPARγagonist administration, based on the competence of host antimicrobial defenses and the extent of inflammatory response and tissue injury, is critical for achieving the essential balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory effects on the immune system.
Improved Distributed Model Predictive Control with Control Planning Set
Authors: Chen Wei
Published: September 2016

We focus on distributed model predictive control algorithm. Each distributed model predictive controller communicates with the others in order to compute the control sequence. But there are not enough communication resources to exchange information between the subsystems because of the limited communication network. This paper presents an improved distributed model predictive control scheme with control planning set. Control planning set algorithm approximates the future control sequences by designed planning set, which can reduce the exchange information among the controllers and can also decrease the distributed MPC controller calculation demand without degrading the whole system performance much. The stability and system performance analysis for distributed model predictive control are given. Simulations of the four-tank control problem and multirobot multitarget tracking problem are illustrated to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm.
Recurrence of Dysplastic Nevi Is Strongly Associated with Extension of the Lesions to the Lateral Margins and into the Deep Margins through the Hair Follicles in the Original Shave Removal Specimens
Authors: Maghari Amin
Published: September 2016

Melanocytic nevi, including dysplastic or atypical nevi (DN), can recur or persist following shave removal procedures, and recurrence may resemble melanoma, both clinically and histologically (pseudomelanoma). Recurrence may originate from proliferation of the remaining neoplastic melanocytes following incomplete removal. The present study determines the rate and etiology of this event. A cross-sectional analysis of 110 excision specimens showing histological recurrence was performed, and these specimens were compared to the slides of the original shave specimens showing mildly atypical DN. In the second portion of the study, a retrospective review of 167 cases with biopsy-proven mildly atypical DN which were followed up for at least two years was conducted to determine the rate of recurrence/persistence. When followed up for two years, DN, with positive shave margins, defined by extension or very close extension (≤0.2 mm) of the lesions to the lateral margins and into the deep margins through the hair follicles in the shave removal specimens, have a higher probability of recurrence than DN with negative (or clear) margins (odds ratio (OR) = 158; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 36.62–683;P<0.001). The overall rate of histologically confirmed recurrence/persistence was approximately 10%.
Hyperglycemia Induced by Glucokinase Deficiency Accelerates Atherosclerosis Development and Impairs Lesion Regression in Combined Heterozygous Glucokinase and the Apolipoprotein E-Knockout Mice
Authors: Adingupu Damilola D. , Heinonen Suvi E. , Andréasson Anne-Christine , Brusberg Mikael , Ahnmark Andrea , Behrendt Margareta , Leighton Brendan , Jönsson-Rylander Ann-Cathrine
Published: September 2016

Aim. Models combining diabetes and atherosclerosis are important in evaluating the cardiovascular (CV) effects and safety of antidiabetes drugs in the development of treatments targeting CV complications. Our aim was to evaluate if crossing the heterozygous glucokinase knockout mouse (GK+/−) and hyperlipidemic mouse deficient in apolipoprotein E (ApoE−/−) will generate a disease model exhibiting a diabetic and macrovascular phenotype.Methods. The effects of defective glucokinase on the glucose metabolism and on the progression and regression of atherosclerosis on high-fat diets were studied in both genders of GK+/−ApoE−/−and ApoE−/−mice. Coronary vascular function of the female GK+/−ApoE−/−and ApoE−/−mice was also investigated.Results. GK+/−ApoE−/−mice show a stable hyperglycemia which was increased on Western diet. In oral glucose tolerance test, GK+/−ApoE−/−mice showed significant glucose intolerance and impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Plasma lipids were comparable with ApoE−/−mice; nevertheless the GK+/−ApoE−/−mice showed slightly increased atherosclerosis development.Conclusions. The GK+/−ApoE−/−mice showed a stable and reproducible hyperglycemia, accelerated atherosclerotic lesion progression, and no lesion regression after lipid lowering. This novel model provides a promising tool for drug discovery, enabling the evaluation of compound effects against both diabetic and cardiovascular endpoints simultaneously in one animal model.
Structural and Antioxidant Properties of Compounds Obtained from Fe2+Chelation by Juglone and Two of Its Derivatives: DFT, QTAIM, and NBO Studies
Authors: Tamafo Fouegue Aymard Didier , Ghogomu Julius Numbonui , Bikélé Mama Désiré , Nkungli Nyiang Kennet , Younang Elie
Published: September 2016

The chelating ability of juglone and two of its derivatives towards Fe2+ion and the antioxidant activity (AOA) of the resulting chelates and complexes (in the presence of H2O and CH3OH as ligands) in gas phase is reported via bond dissociation enthalpy, ionization potential, proton dissociation enthalpy, proton affinity, and electron transfer enthalpy. The DFT/B3LYP level of theory associated with the 6-31+G(d,p) and 6-31G(d) Pople-style basis sets on the atoms of the ligands and the central Fe(II), respectively, was used. Negative chelation free energies obtained revealed that juglone derivatives possessing the O-H substituent (L2) have the greatest ability to chelate Fe2+ion. Apart from1B, thermodynamic descriptors of the AOA showed that the direct hydrogen atom transfer is the preferred mechanism of the studied molecules. NBO analysis showed that the Fe-ligand bonds are all formed through metal to ligand charge transfer. QTAIM studies revealed that among all the Fe-ligand bonds, the O1-Fe bond of1Ais purely covalent. The aforementioned results show that the ligands can be used to fight against Fe(II) toxicity, thus preserving human health, and fight against the deterioration of industrial products. In addition, most of the complexes studied have shown a better AOA than their corresponding ligands.
The Predictive Validity of a Two-Step Selection Process to Medical Schools
Authors: Kennet-Cohen Tamar , Turvall Elliot , Saar Yonatan , Oren Carmel
Published: September 2016

Background. A two-step selection process, consisting of cognitive and noncognitive measures, is common in medical school admissions. Objective. To estimate the validity of this process in predicting academic performance, taking into account the complex and pervasive effect of range restriction in this context. Methods. The estimation of the validity of the two-step process included a sequential correction for range restriction and an estimation of the predictive validity of the process in its entirety. Data were collected from 1,002 undergraduate students from four cohorts (2006/07–2009/10) at three medical schools in Israel. Results. The predictive validity of the composite of the cognitive measures with respect to Year 1 performance was high, resulting entirely from the predictive validity of the admission test (a standard measure of ability). The predictive validity of the noncognitive measure was moderate. The predictive validity of the process in its entirety was high, its value dependent on the weights given to the cognitive and noncognitive measures. Conclusion. A cognitive admission test has a high predictive validity with respect to Year 1 performance. The addition of a noncognitive measure in the second step does not markedly diminish the predictive validity of the selection process with respect to academic achievement.
Wind Structure of a Subtropical Squall Line in China: Results from Dual-Doppler Radar Data
Authors: Zhou Haiguang
Published: September 2016

A subtropical squall line moved from Guangxi to Guangdong province in South China on 23-24 April 2007, which resulted in gale and heavy precipitation. The three-dimensional (3D) wind field of the squall line in its mature period was retrieved by Guangzhou-Shenzhen dual-Doppler data. The 3D conceptual model of this squall line was proposed. On the horizontal plane, the storm-relative front-to-rear inflow prevailed at the lower altitudes of the leading edge. The rear-to-front cold inflow in the stratiform region was observed below 3 km height, which enhanced the convergence in the convective region. At the middle altitudes of the squall line, the front-to-rear horizontal flow prevailed. Strong updrafts were observed at the lower and middle altitudes of the leading edge. Some convergence centers were located at the lower altitudes of the convective region. Furthermore, the storm-relative flow in the vertical cross-section perpendicular to the squall line was revealed. The front-to-rear warm flow extended from the surface to 7.5 km altitude at the leading edge. Above it, part of the front-to-rear inflow blew upward and then forward, and the other part of the inflow blew backward. The descending rear-to-front cold flow was only seen below 3 km height in the stratiform region.
Dietary Chitosan Supplementation Increases Microbial Diversity and Attenuates the Severity ofCitrobacter rodentiumInfection in Mice
Authors: Guan Guiping , Wang Hongbing , Chen Shuai , Liu Gang , Xiong Xia , Tan Bie , Duraipandiyan Veeramuthu , Al-Dhabi Naif Abdullah , Fang Jun
Published: September 2016

C57BL/6 mice were tested in order to investigate the effects of dietary chitosan (COS) supplements on intestinal microflora and resistance toCitrobacter rodentiuminfection. The findings reveal that, after consuming a 300 mg/kg COS diet for 14 days, microflora became more diverse as a result of the supplement. Mice receiving COS exhibited an increase in the percentage of Bacteroidetes phylum and a decrease in the percentage of Firmicutes phylum. AfterCitrobacter rodentiuminfection, the histopathology scores indicated that COS feeding resulted in less severe colitis. IL-6 and TNF-αwere significantly lower in colon from COS-feeding mice than those in the control group. Furthermore, mice in COS group were also found to experience inhibited activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in the colonic tissue. Overall, the findings revealed that adding 300 mg/kg COS to the diet changed the composition of the intestinal microflora of mice, resulting in suppressed NF-κB activation and less production of TNF-αand IL-6; and these changes led to better control of inflammation and resolution of infection withC. rodentium.
Role of Oxidative Stress in the Neurocognitive Dysfunction of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome
Authors: Zhou Li , Chen Ping , Peng Yating , Ouyang Ruoyun
Published: September 2016

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by chronic nocturnal intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentations. Neurocognitive dysfunction, a significant and extraordinary complication of OSAS, influences patients’ career, family, and social life and reduces quality of life to some extent. Previous researches revealed that repetitive hypoxia and reoxygenation caused mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction, overactivated NADPH oxidase, xanthine oxidase, and uncoupling nitric oxide synthase, induced an imbalance between prooxidants and antioxidants, and then got rise to a series of oxidative stress (OS) responses, such as protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation, and DNA oxidation along with inflammatory reaction. OS in brain could trigger neuron injury especially in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex regions. Those two regions are fairly susceptible to hypoxia and oxidative stress production which could consequently result in cognitive dysfunction. Apart from continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), antioxidant may be a promising therapeutic method to improve partially reversible neurocognitive function. Understanding the role that OS played in the cognitive deficits is crucial for future research and therapeutic strategy development. In this paper, recent important literature concerning the relationship between oxidative stress and cognitive impairment in OSAS will be summarized and the results can provide a rewarding overview for future breakthrough in this field.
The Added Value of Circulating Tumor Cell Enumeration to Standard Markers in Assessing Prognosis in a Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Population
Authors: Heller Glenn , Fizazi Karim , McCormack Robert , Molina Arturo , MacLean David , Webb Iain J. , Saad Fred , de Bono Johann S. , Scher Howard I.
Published: September 2016

Purpose: Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is a heterogeneous disease for which better prognostic models for survival are needed. We examined the added value of circulating tumor cell (CTC) enumeration relative to common prognostic laboratory measures from patients with CRPC.

Methods: Utility of CTC enumeration as a baseline and postbaseline prognostic biomarker was examined using data from two prospective randomized registration-directed trials (COU-AA-301 and ELM-PC4) within statistical models used to estimate risk for survival. Discrimination and calibration were used to measure model predictive accuracy and the added value for CTC enumeration in the context of a Cox model containing albumin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), PSA, hemoglobin, and alkaline phosphatase (ALK). Discrimination quantifies how accurately a risk model predicts short-term versus long-term survivors. Calibration measures the closeness of actual survival time to the predicted survival time.

Results: Adding CTC enumeration to a model containing albumin, LDH, PSA, hemoglobin, and ALK (“ALPHA”) improved its discriminatory power. The weighted c-index for ALPHA without CTCs was 0.72 (SE, 0.02) versus 0.75 (SE, 0.02) for ALPHA + CTCs. The increase in discrimination was restricted to the lower-risk cohort. In terms of calibration, adding CTCs produced a more accurate model-based prediction of patient survival. The absolute prediction error for ALPHA was 3.95 months (SE, 0.28) versus 3.75 months (SE, 0.22) for ALPHA + CTCs.

Conclusions: Addition of CTC enumeration to standard measures provides more accurate assessment of patient risk in terms of baseline and postbaseline prognosis in the mCRPC population. Clin Cancer Res; 23(8); 1967–73. ©2016 AACR.
A Novel Compound ARN-3236 Inhibits Salt-Inducible Kinase 2 and Sensitizes Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines and Xenografts to Paclitaxel
Authors: Zhou Jinhua , Alfraidi Albandri , Zhang Shu , Santiago-O'Farrill Janice M. , Yerramreddy Reddy Venkata Krishna , Alsaadi Abdulkhaliq , Ahmed Ahmed A. , Yang Hailing , Liu Jinsong , Mao Weiqun , Wang Yan , Takemori Hiroshi , Vankayalapati Hariprasad , Lu Zhen , Bast Robert C.
Published: September 2016

Purpose: Salt-inducible kinase 2 (SIK2) is a centrosome kinase required for mitotic spindle formation and a potential target for ovarian cancer therapy. Here, we examine the effects of a novel small-molecule SIK2 inhibitor, ARN-3236, on sensitivity to paclitaxel in ovarian cancer.

Experimental Design: SIK2 expression was determined in ovarian cancer tissue samples and cell lines. ARN-3236 was tested for its efficiency to inhibit growth and enhance paclitaxel sensitivity in cultures and xenografts of ovarian cancer cell lines. SIK2 siRNA and ARN-3236 were compared for their ability to produce nuclear–centrosome dissociation, inhibit centrosome splitting, block mitotic progression, induce tetraploidy, trigger apoptotic cell death, and reduce AKT/survivin signaling.

Results: SIK2 is overexpressed in approximately 30% of high-grade serous ovarian cancers. ARN-3236 inhibited the growth of 10 ovarian cancer cell lines at an IC50 of 0.8 to 2.6 μmol/L, where the IC50 of ARN-3236 was inversely correlated with endogenous SIK2 expression (Pearson r = −0.642, P = 0.03). ARN-3236 enhanced sensitivity to paclitaxel in 8 of 10 cell lines, as well as in SKOv3ip (P = 0.028) and OVCAR8 xenografts. In at least three cell lines, a synergistic interaction was observed. ARN-3236 uncoupled the centrosome from the nucleus in interphase, blocked centrosome separation in mitosis, caused prometaphase arrest, and induced apoptotic cell death and tetraploidy. ARN-3236 also inhibited AKT phosphorylation and attenuated survivin expression.

Conclusions: ARN-3236 is the first orally available inhibitor of SIK2 to be evaluated against ovarian cancer in preclinical models and shows promise in inhibiting ovarian cancer growth and enhancing paclitaxel chemosensitivity. Clin Cancer Res; 23(8); 1945–54. ©2016 AACR.
Ibrutinib Inhibits ERBB Receptor Tyrosine Kinases and HER2-Amplified Breast Cancer Cell Growth
Authors: Chen Jun , Kinoshita Taisei , Sukbuntherng Juthamas , Chang Betty Y. , Elias Laurence
Published: September 2016

Ibrutinib is a potent, small-molecule Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor developed for the treatment of B-cell malignancies. Ibrutinib covalently binds to Cys481 in the ATP-binding domain of BTK. This cysteine residue is conserved among 9 other tyrosine kinases, including HER2 and EGFR, which can be targeted. Screening large panels of cell lines demonstrated that ibrutinib was growth inhibitory against some solid tumor cells, including those inhibited by other HER2/EGFR inhibitors. Among sensitive cell lines, breast cancer lines with HER2 overexpression were most potently inhibited by ibrutinib (<100 nmol/L); in addition, the IC50s were lower than that of lapatinib and dacomitinib. Inhibition of cell growth by ibrutinib coincided with downregulation of phosphorylation on HER2 and EGFR and their downstream targets, AKT and ERK. Irreversible inhibition of HER2 and EGFR in breast cancer cells was established after 30-minute incubation above 100 nmol/L or following 2-hour incubation at lower concentrations. Furthermore, ibrutinib inhibited recombinant HER2 and EGFR activity that was resistant to dialysis and rapid dilution, suggesting an irreversible interaction. The dual activity toward TEC family (BTK and ITK) and ERBB family kinases was unique to ibrutinib, as ERBB inhibitors do not inhibit or covalently bind BTK or ITK. Xenograft studies with HER2+ MDA-MB-453 and BT-474 cells in mice in conjunction with determination of pharmacokinetics demonstrated significant exposure-dependent inhibition of growth and key signaling molecules at levels that are clinically achievable. Ibrutinib's unique dual spectrum of activity against both TEC family and ERBB kinases suggests broader applications of ibrutinib in oncology. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(12); 2835–44. ©2016 AACR.
Positioning Children in Developmental Analyses of Cultural Conflicts
Authors: Lawrence Jeanette A.
Published: September 2016

In this commentary on intervention studies in times and situations of war, violence and cultural conflict, I focus on the need to appropriately position children in specific situations. This involves acknowledging their presence and their rights, recognizing their participation, and incorporating their activities with the sociocultural and ecological environments. To theoretically position children in cultural conflict, I draw on Gottlieb's [1991] concept of “coaction” to analyze relations between agentic children and culture in a system of coactions. I propose the coacting system as an appropriate unit of analysis for understanding children's development and as a basis for intervention and policy following violence and cultural conflict. The papers in this special issue demand that developmental science attend to children's presence, participation, and activities as the basis for intervention and research.
Influence of R-CHOP Therapy on Immune System Restoration in Patients with B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Ito Kaori , Okamoto Masataka , Inaguma Yoko , Okamoto Akinao , Ando Maiko , Ando Yosuke , Tsuge Masahiro , Tomono Ayana , Kakumae Yukiko , Hayashi Takahiro , Yamada Shigeki , Emi Nobuhiko
Published: September 2016

Objective: To assess the immunosuppressive effect of R-CHOP in patients with B-cell lymphoma at 2 years. Methods: Parameters of humoral and cell-mediated immunity were assessed in 89 patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma or follicular lymphoma before and after 6-8 cycles of R-CHOP-14 or R-CHOP-21 regimen. Results: Data on pre- and posttreatment serum IgG (sIgG) levels were available for all 89 patients, while the corresponding data on serum CD20+, CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ lymphocyte counts were available in only 43. Median sIgG levels significantly decreased from 1,221 mg/dl (baseline) to 733 mg/dl (after chemotherapy) (p < 0.001). Although CD20+ and CD4+ cell counts decreased (p < 0.001), no significant effect of chemotherapy on CD3+ and CD8+ cell counts was observed. CD20+ cell counts were restored to baseline levels at the 12-month follow-up. sIgG levels and CD4+ cell counts were not completely restored at 24 months, indicating a sustained immunosuppressive effect of R-CHOP in these patients. The incidence of infections over the 2-year period was 16.3-23.6%. Conclusion: The immunosuppressive effect of R-CHOP in newly diagnosed cases of B-cell lymphoma tends to persist for >2 years, although sIgG levels were restored more quickly than CD4+ cell counts.
The Process of Retinal Vascularization after Anti-VEGF Treatment in Retinopathy of Prematurity: A Comparison Study between Ranibizumab and Bevacizumab
Authors: Alyamaç Sukgen Emine , Çömez Aysegül , Koçluk Yusuf , Cevher Selim
Published: September 2016

Purpose: To compare the effects on the process of retinal vascularization of intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) and intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) in the treatment of severe retinopathy of prematurity. Methods: The present study is a bi-centered retrospective study. While 44 eyes of 22 patients in group 1 were applied 0.625 mg bevacizumab, 46 eyes of 23 patients in group 2 were applied 0.25 mg ranibizumab. Retinal vascularization was evaluated clinically. Results: The mean time for completion of vascularization was found to be postmenstrual 55.93 ± 4.13 weeks in group 1 and 56.30 ± 4.30 weeks in group 2. There were signiﬁcant differences in the recurrence prevalence between the two groups. The prevalence of recurrence was found to be significantly higher in the ranibizumab group than in the bevacizumab group (p = 0.023). Conclusions: The study showed that after IVR or IVB treatment, vascularization could be completed with delay; there were no differences in this delay time between the ranibizumab and bevacizumab groups. Besides, avascular areas may remain in the peripheral retina, and additional treatment may be necessary after IVB or IVR treatment. When the treatment was applied as monotherapy, more recurrence was observed in the ranibizumab group.
ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНО-АНАЛІТИЧНОЇ СИСТЕМИ „ФАРМЕКСПЕРТ СЕРВІС” ДЛЯ АНАЛІЗУ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ
Authors: Prytula R. L. , Drozdova A. O. , Shmatenko O. P. , Zahoriy V. A. , Davtian L. L. , Volokh D. S. , Korytniuk R. S. , Tsurkan О. О. , Maletska Z. V.
Published: September 2016

The article aduces the main stages of pharmacoeconomic calculations to establish the size of the labour costs of employees’ pharmacies military medical service. To determine the cost-effectiveness of implementing IAS "FES", we used a methodical approach to evaluateg the use of new technological processes.
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ НОВІТНІХ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ ДЛЯ АВТОМАТИЗАЦІЇ ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ВМІСТУ АЦЕТИЛХОЛІНУ БІОЛОГІЧНИМ МЕТОДОМ
Authors: Pelykh V. Ye. , Usynskyi R. S.
Published: September 2016

A new method of acetylcholine content in tissues measuring by biological method, allowing greatly decrease amount of factors that influence test accuracy, as well as time spent by automatization of greater part of test with using of new information technologies.
ЕВОЛЮЦІЯ УЗАГАЛЬНЕННЯ, ОБРОБЛЕННЯ ТА ПЕРЕДАВАННЯ ЗНАНЬ У МЕДИЦИНІ ТА БІОЛОГІЇ
Authors: Mintser O. P. , Vatlitsov D. V.
Published: September 2016

The philosophy of modern scientific cognition has set for researchers the tasks of comparing disparate data to solve real practical problems, and the main peculiarity of these processes is transdisciplinarity. The aim was to compile the basic processes of scientific inquiry and its representation in educational technology. Publications were selected for relevance by the search query in the search engine Academy Google. Were used the content analysis and collocate analysis. It was offered a universal system of multydiscipline knowledge compilation that will be the basis of all relevant knowledge and combines the possibility to actualization for adjustment under the existing requirements. This model is multi-layered and supports the principles of «spiral of knowledge» but with the modification on the spatial mapping, better to call it a «spiral surface of knowledge». It was formulate the model of transdisciplinar knowledge in all fields of fundamental and applied science, which will be the basis of formulation threedesciplinar descriptors for unifying understanding of information. It creates a set of 27 basic concepts that unite 28 descriptors in cubes of information and formed a hierarchical structure. The mathematical description of this model will form the basic principles of true transdisciplinarity.
ФІЗІОЛОГІЧНІ МЕХАНІЗМИ ДІЇ ПОЛІХРОМАТИЧНОГО ПОЛЯРИЗОВАНОГО СВІТЛА ПРИ УШКОДЖЕННЯХ ШКІРИ ВИСОКОЮ ТЕМПЕРАТУРОЮ
Authors: Gulyar S. O. , Strelchenko Yu. I. , Jelskyj V. M.
Published: September 2016

We developed a valid experimental model of dosed burn to study the influence of polarized light on burns, obtained from open flame, with a possibility of their basic parameters regulation. In the article there are characterized the expression and peculiarities of inflammation reaction process, development and dynamics of granulation growth and the process of burn wound epithelization. We observed polarized light positive influence on burn wound regeneration and speed of its healing. In particular, we singled out: derma depth alteration restriction and secondary alteration of skin tissues and sub muscles, activation of mechanisms, that restrict inflammation, fibroblasts proliferation increase, formation of granulations and neo-angiogenesis, stimulation of proliferation, keratinocytes' migration and wound surface epithelialization under the influence of polarized light. We singled out expressed antinociceptive, anti-stress and adaptive-stimulating effects of polarized light on central nervous system functional state at burns.
ИНФОРМАЦИОННАЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ РАСЧЕТА ИНТЕГРАЛЬНЫХ ОЦЕНОК ИНДИВИДУАЛЬНОГО И ОБЩЕСТВЕННОГО ЗДОРОВ’Я
Authors: Antomonov M. Yu. , Rusakova L. Т. , Pashinskaya S. L. , Voloshchuk Е. I.
Published: September 2016

Analysis of complex parameters (indices) which are used in medicine and ecology has been performed. It has been shown that there are numerous variants of mathematical structures used to describe the individual and public health. They are formed from the individual parameters using various formulas. Information technologies for calculating complex indicators and integrative health assessments have been proposed. The verification of this technology was implemented.
ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ КОНСТРУКТОРА ТЕКСТОВЫХ ГРАФ ДЛЯ ИНФОРМАТИЗАЦИИ ИНСТРУМЕНТАЛЬНЫХ ОБСЛЕДОВАНИЙ
Authors: Bolgov M. Yu. , Yanchij I. R. , Taraschenko Yu. N. , Kobrynskaya N. Ya. , Lygina А. М.
Published: September 2016

To work effectively with text data of instrumental examinations the original menu designer proposed. For the analysis of textual data of instrumental examinations, a mechanism of automatic alignment of nominations offered. Using the proposed approach can significantly reduce the time and improve physician performance and analysis of large data sets.
ОЦІНКА ЯКОСТІ ЖИТТЯ ХВОРИХ НА ОСТЕОАРТРОЗ З КОМОРБІДНОЮ ПАТОЛОГІЄЮ
Authors: Bondar M. B. , Strogonova Т. V.
Published: September 2016

The validity of MOS SF-36 for assesing quality of life of patients who suffer from osteoarthritis with comorbid pathology was evaluated.
ПІДХОДИ ДО ФОРМУВАННЯ АРХІТЕКТУРИ ТЕЛЕМЕДИЧНИХ МЕРЕЖ
Authors: Golubchykov M. V. , Ostashko V. G. , Kovalenko О. S.
Published: September 2016

The theses presented the main provisions of formation of regional telemedicine network architecture.
ІНФОРМАЦІЙНА МОДЕЛЬ СИСТЕМИ УПРАВЛІННЯ ЯКІСТЮ
Authors: Gorachuk V. V.
Published: September 2016

Author developed information model quality management system for health care. The used analysis of the structure and content of a national standard ISO 9001: 2009.