bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Associations between the intake of single and multiple dietary vitamins and depression risk among populations with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Yu Chunli , Liu Kun , Yao Weiguo , Tang Dingzhong
Published: February 2025

Background

The effects of multivitamin exposure on depression among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have not been thoroughly explored. This study aimed to explore the effects of individual vitamin intakes and the joint effect of the intake of multiple vitamins (including vitamins A, B1, B2, B6, B12, C, D, E, and K) on depression risk in participants with CKD.

Methods

A total of 3,123 participants with CKD (weighted n = 25,186,480) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database from 2007 to 2014 were included. Weighted multivariate logistic regression models were utilized to analyze the associations of individual dietary vitamin intakes with depression risk. Additionally, Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression were performed to evaluate the joint effect of the intake of the nine vitamins on depression risk.

Results

The overall prevalence of depression was approximately 11.3% in the study participants. In the fully adjusted model, high intakes of vitamin A (OR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.40–0.74), vitamin B1 (OR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.48–0.95), vitamin B6 (OR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.49–0.99), vitamin D (OR: 0.67. 95% CI: 0.48–0.94), and vitamin K (OR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.44–0.85) were associated with a reduced likelihood of depression. BKMR and WQS regression showed that the joint effect of the intake of the nine dietary vitamins had a significant negative effect on depression, with vitamin A intake being the largest contributor in the two models. Lastly, WQS regression reflected the total mixed exposure effect of the nine vitamins (OR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.69–0.99).

Conclusion

High intakes of vitamins A, B1, B6, D, and K are associated with low depression risk in patients with CKD. Furthermore, co-exposure to the nine dietary vitamins is a crucial factor contributing to low depression risk in this population.
The association between eight complete blood count-derived inflammatory markers and muscle health
Authors: Zhang Jingyuan , Wang Yuqi , Liu Heng , Lei Zhuolin , Cheng Shouquan , Cao Hong
Published: February 2025

Background

Most studies have evaluated sarcopenia and muscle health solely based on muscle mass. This study comprehensively examined the associations between eight inflammatory indicators and muscle mass and strength, with the aim of identifying an indicator capable of evaluating muscle health across multiple dimensions.

Methods

This study included 10,440 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2011–2018) and 5,384 participants from NHANES (2011–2014). Multivariate logistic regression, smooth curve fitting, restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis, subgroup analysis, and Spearman's correlation were used to comprehensively assess the associations between the eight inflammatory indicators and muscle mass and strength. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to compare the predictive abilities of the different indices for low muscle mass and muscle strength. Additionally, NHANES data were cross-validated with data from 554 patients at our hospital to evaluate the ability of the systemic immune inflammatory index (SII) to distinguish between low muscle mass and strength.

Results

After controlling for all potential confounding factors, multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that apart from the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and derived NLR (dNLR), the neutrophil-to-monocyte-plus-lymphocyte ratio (NMLR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), SII, systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), and pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV) were significantly negatively correlated with muscle mass and strength. However, NMLR and NLR were significantly associated with changes in muscle mass only in Q4 (P < 0.05). In the stratified analysis by body mass index (BMI), only the SII, NLR, and NMLR were unaffected by BMI. In the cross-validation, the predictive performance of the SII for low muscle mass [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.699, 0.677, and 0.685] and low muscle strength (AUC = 0.857, 0.849, and 0.840) demonstrated a good reference value. RCS and smooth curve fitting analyses indicated that most inflammatory markers were linearly correlated with muscle health (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Compared with other inflammatory markers (e.g., PIV and dNLR), the SII demonstrated a more robust predictive ability, was less influence by covariates, and exhibited high generalization performance in internal and external validation. SII may be crucial in identifying “hidden sarcopenia” and the early stages of muscle functional decline.
The possible effects of chili peppers on ADHD in relation to the gut microbiota
Authors: Li Yinyue , Feng Jing , Ding GuangYao , Deng Lin , He Ying , Zhang Qiongqiong , Wang Jianhui , Chen Xia
Published: February 2025

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder, which is characterized by inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity. Although the etiology and pathogenesis of ADHD are not fully understood, existing studies have shown that it may be related to genetic factors, environmental factors, abnormal brain development, and psychosocial factors. In recent years, with the concept of microbioa-gut-brain axis (MGBA), more and more studies have begun to pay attention to the effect of gut microbiota on ADHD. Dietary structure can significantly change the diversity and abundance of gut microbiota. Therefore, dietary supplements or food additives to regulate gut microbiota have become one of the potential ways to treat ADHD. Peppers, as an important dietary component, have potential value in regulating gut microbiota. Among them, capsaicin (8-methyl N-vanillyl-6-noneamide, CAP), as a key active component of peppers, has been shown to have potential therapeutic effects on central nervous system (CNS) diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy, and depression. In addition, much attention has been paid to the beneficial effects of CAP on gut microbiota. Chili peppers contain not only CAP, but also rich in vitamin C and fatty acids, all of which may ameliorate ADHD by modulating the gut microbiota. This finding not only provides a potential treatment for ADHD, but also provides a new perspective to expand the research and clinical treatment of ADHD pathogenesis. Although current research on the potential therapeutic effects of chili peppers on ADHD is still at an early stage and requires further verification through larger-scale and more rigorous controlled studies, its potential clinical value cannot be ignored.
Efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab in patients with advanced endometrial cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Pan Biqiong , Lai Xiaojun , Lu Jiefang , Bao Xiaoyan , Fan Zengke , Sun Jie
Published: February 2025

Objective

This meta-analysis evaluated pembrolizumab monotherapy and combination therapy’s efficacy and safety in recurrent or advanced endometrial cancer (EC).

Methods

We utilized PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases to identify clinical trials that were used to search literature from July 2013 to July 2023 to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab in patients with advanced EC. Eight studies with 2,742 patients were included. Outcomes were progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), complete remission (CR), and adverse events (AEs); a subgroup analysis was carried out based on combination treatment regimens. Quality assessment of the included studies was conducted using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool, the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS), and the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist.

Results

Pembrolizumab reduced progression risk [hazard ratio (HR): 0.53; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.44, 0.63; p < 0.00001] and death risk when combined with lenvatinib (HR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.59, 0.76; p < 0.00001). Pembrolizumab monotherapy and lenvatinib combination achieved higher ORR (OR: 3.61; 95% CI: 2.12, 6.13; p < 0.00001) and CR rates (OR: 2.7; 95% CI: 1.59, 4.57; p < 0.05) than controls. Single-arm studies: 8% CR and 4% PR in pembrolizumab-treated patients. Pooled AE incidence: 86%, with 43% grade 3/4. Two randomized controlled trials (RCTs) found that the pembrolizumab group had a higher incidence of grade 3 or 4 AEs compared to the control group (OR: 2.23; 95% CI: 1.23, 4.04; p = 0.008).

Conclusion

Pembrolizumab monotherapy or combination significantly improves survival in recurrent or advanced EC and has manageable toxicity albeit with a relatively high incidence of treatment-related AEs.
The prognostic utility of the ratio of lymphocyte to monocyte in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mei Pingping , Huang Li , Lin Lu , Chen Yan , Guo Xiutian
Published: February 2025

Background

Although advancements in treatment have resulted in improved overall outcomes for patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer, the prognosis remains unfavorable for individuals with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). The association between lymphocyte/monocyte ratio (LMR) and clinical outcomes in mCRC patients is a subject of controversy. To systematically evaluate the correlation between LMR and prognostic factors in individuals with mCRC, we conducted this meta-analysis.

Methods

The databases PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched for all relevant studies from their inception until October 26, 2024. Study selection was conducted based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The primary outcomes of interest included prognosis measures such as overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), disease-free survival (DFS), and cancer-specific survival (CSS) in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Random-effects models or fixed-effects models were used to determine the pooled risk ratio (HR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) for each outcome indicator. Additionally, the pooled odds ratio (OR) and its corresponding 95% CI were calculated for LMR and clinicopathological characteristics.

Results

Fourteen studies involving 3,089 patients were included in the analysis. The pooled analysis found that high LMR was correlated with better OS (HR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.49-0.62, p<0.00001), PFS (HR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.57-0.81, p<0.0001) and CSS(HR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.32-0.95, p=0.03),The prognostic value of high LMR values for DFS(HR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.78-1.12, p=0.46) in patients with metastatic rectal cancer was not found to be significant. We performed subgroup analyses based on study characteristics to confirm the robustness of our findings. Further clinicopathological analysis showed no significant difference between patients with elevated LMR and those without elevated LMR.

Conclusions

In conclusion, the results demonstrate a robust correlation between elevated LMR levels and a favorable prognosis in terms of overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and cancer-specific survival (CSS) among patients diagnosed with metastatic colorectal cancer. However, further high-quality prospective studies are warranted to validate our findings since the majority of current investigations have relied on retrospective study designs.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42024496467, identifier CRD42024496467.
Case report: Successful treatment of hyperbaric oxygen for radiation-induced hemorrhagic cystitis in a 95-year-old patient with bladder cancer
Authors: Lin Li , He Man , Zeng Yanyan , Ni Xiaoxiao , Guo Yequn , Xie Xiaojuan , Sun Lingling , Huang Huai
Published: February 2025

Background

Severe radiation-induced hemorrhagic cystitis (RHC) may ultimately require radical cystectomy. High-quality clinical evidence exists regarding the impact of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) on RHC. However, there is a lack of reported data addressing the applicability of HBOT in very elderly patients (over 90 years old) with severe bleeding necessitating multiple blood transfusions.

Case presentation

The patient is a 95-year-old male who suffered from severe hematuria due to RHC after 33 sessions of radiotherapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (T2N0M0, stage: II). After a series of subsequent therapies that failed to control the hematuria, the patient received 196 HBOTs between 11 October 2022 and 23 October 2023. Following a progressively adjusted HBOT protocol, the patient’s hematuria (urine red blood cell (RBC) count showed 210,859 RBC/μL at maximum) was effectively controlled, and his symptoms subsequently resolved after 69 HBOTs. After the 196th HBOT, pelvic MRI revealed a reduction in the size of the lesion on the left posterior wall of the bladder compared to prior assessments. This reduction was suggestive of diminished intravesical hematoma. As of 26 October 2023, it is noteworthy that the patient’s hemoglobin level has restored to the pre-hematuria level (106 g/L) with no need for blood transfusions for 8 consecutive months. Moreover, there was no recurrence of hematuria during the follow-up period. To the best of our knowledge, this report represents the first documented case of hematuria resolution in a patient over 90 years old with severe RHC.

Conclusion

This case represents the first documented instance of successful hematuria resolution in a patient over 90 years of age with severe RHC. The positive therapeutic outcome achieved with personal protocol (1.4-1.6 ATA) in this 95-year-old patient, expands hyperbaric oxygen pressure options for elderly patients. Moreover, it also records a comprehensive dataset, including the time of the patient’s recurrence of hematuria and the subsequent trend of hematuria control, which contributes valuable evidence to the research on HBOT for the repair of bladder mucosal tissue.
Risk factors for motor decline following parasagittal and falx meningioma resection in the middle third
Authors: Guo Chengxuan , Xue Yafei , Li Yang , Tian Qilong , Qu Yan , Cai Qing
Published: February 2025

Objective

The resection of parasagittal and falx meningiomas in the middle third superior sagittal sinus (SSS) is associated with a high risk of postoperative motor deficits. This study discusses the risk factors affecting postoperative motor decline and recovery of motor function after follow-up.

Methods

The results of a single-institution retrospective cohort study of parasagittal and falx meningioma resection in the middle third between 2016 and 2023 were reviewed, and parameters were screened as potential predictors. Variables of interest included postoperative motor decline and outcome after follow-up. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify risk factors.

Results

Among 87 patients who underwent resection of parasagittal (63.2%) or falx (36.8%) middle third meningiomas, 14.9% (13/87) experienced postoperative motor decline. Among the 36 patients (41.4%) with preoperative motor deficits, 66.3% improved, 17.0% unchanged, and 16.7% (6/36) worsened following surgery. Among the 51 patients without preoperative motor deficits, 13.7% (7/51) developed new weakness. The predictors of postoperative motor decline were major venous involvement (p = 0.022), falx meningioma (p = 0.031), loss of the brain-tumor interface (p=0.033) and WHO grade II-III (p = 0.032).

Conclusions

The resection of parasagittal and falx meningiomas in the middle third carries a high rate of postoperative morbidity and deserves perioperative planning. Alternative surgical strategies, such as preserving the brain-tumor arachnoid interface and minority residual tumors, may prevent motor decline in a subset of high-risk patients.
Comparison of Al[18F]-NOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT and [18F]-FDG PET/CT in a patient with lung cancer and pulmonary tuberculosis: a case report and literature review
Authors: Qin Jingjie , Yu Jinming , Wei Yuchun
Published: February 2025

Background

The coexistence of lung cancer and pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) makes differential diagnosis even more complicated. The purpose of the study is to explore superiority of [18F]-NOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT in distinguishing TB from malignant lesions and accurately detecting inflammatory lymph nodes than [18F]-FDG PET/CT.

Case summary

Herein, we described a case report of a patient with both lung cancer and tuberculosis underwent [18F]-FDG and Al[18F]-NOTA-FAPI-04 positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) to determine staging. Additionally, a literature review was conducted to discuss the potential clinical applications of FAPI PET/CT. We reported a 70-year-old man with newly diagnosed lung squamous cell carcinoma underwent [18F]-FDG and Al[18F]-NOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT to determine staging. The avid uptake of [18F]-FDG in old pulmonary TB and the right hilar inflammatory lymph nodes (<1 cm) were not found on Al [18F]-NOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT. After 2 months of follow-up, the small lymph node was finally confirmed to be inflammatory.

Conclusion

Al[18F]-NOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT may perform better in distinguishing TB from malignancy and may offer greater specificity than [18F]-FDG PET/CT for the diagnosis inflammatory lymph nodes.
Addressing the rising colorectal cancer burden in the older adult: examining modifiable risk and protective factors for comprehensive prevention strategies
Authors: He Ke‐Jie , Liu Zhejun , Gong Guoyu
Published: February 2025

Background

Colorectal cancer is one of the most prevalent and deadly cancer types worldwide. Emerging evidence suggests that high body mass index (BMI) is a significant risk factor for colorectal cancer, particularly among the older adult population. This comprehensive analysis aims to explore the complex epidemiological patterns of colorectal cancer, with a focus on the association between high BMI and disease burden in the older adult.

Methods

The study leveraged data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study to examine the temporal trends, regional disparities, and the interplay of age, period, and cohort factors in shaping the global colorectal cancer landscape. Epidemiological techniques, including age-period-cohort modeling and joinpoint regression analysis, were employed to provide insights into the potential drivers of the evolving disease burden while controlling for relevant confounding factors.

Results

The analysis revealed significant geographical disparities in the burden of colorectal cancer among the older adult population. Countries like Uruguay, Monaco, Croatia, Hungary, and Poland exhibited higher mortality and disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) rates, while regions like Bangladesh, Nepal, and much of Africa had relatively lower disease burden. These regional differences are likely attributable to variations in healthcare systems, access to screening and early detection programs, as well as differences in lifestyle behaviors and risk factor prevalence.

Conclusion

The strong association between high BMI and colorectal cancer risk, particularly in the older adult population and among men, emphasizes the importance of comprehensive obesity management strategies as part of comprehensive cancer control efforts. Targeted interventions, such as community-based weight management programs and enhanced screening initiatives in high-risk regions, could help mitigate the disproportionate burden of colorectal cancer observed in countries like Monaco, Croatia, and Hungary. Ongoing research and multifaceted public health interventions are crucial to address the growing global burden of colorectal cancer and mitigate the disproportionate impact on vulnerable populations. Strengthening healthcare systems, improving access to quality cancer care, and promoting lifestyle modifications to reduce obesity and other modifiable risk factors should be prioritized to effectively combat this pressing public health challenge.
Long term survival of advanced hepatoid adenocarcinoma of lung secondary to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a case report
Authors: Wang Xiaoli , Wei Nan , Yang Huizhen , Wang Xiaoyan , Zhang Xiaoju , Zhang Qianqian
Published: February 2025

Background

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)-producing hepatoid adenocarcinoma of lung (HAL) is a rare type of lung cancer, with its characteristics being not yet fully clarified. We recently encountered a case of HAL combined with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), which has never been reported.

Case presentation

A 66-year-old man consulted our hospital with a chief complaint of cough. Chest computed tomography (CT) revealed multiple nodules measuring from 8mm to 20mm in diameter located in bilateral lung, along with an enlarged left hilar lymph node. CT-guided percutaneous lung biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of AFP-producing primary HAL combined with IPF. Systemic treatment according to guidelines for advanced non-small cell lung cancer resulted in a long-term survival.

Conclusions

This case report documents the first occurrence and prognosis of AFP-producing HAL in a patient with IPF. The long-term survival brought by the diagnosis and treatment model in our case may provide significant prognostic value for this rare condition.
Fractionated robotic radiosurgery for unfavorable nonfunctioning pituitary macroadenoma: 5-year outcomes from a single institution protocol
Authors: Bhatnagar Akrita , Marin Monica Pernia , Lischalk Jonathan W. , Koh Min Ji , Agazzi Siviero , Suy Simeng , Harris Brent T. , Sharma Susmeeta T. , Aulisi Edward , Anaizi Amjad , Khattab Mohamed H. , Jean Walter C. , Collins Sean P. , Collins Brian T.
Published: February 2025

Objective

Nonfunctioning macroadenoma is a commonly diagnosed pituitary tumor. Resection is the favored treatment, with radiosurgery often utilized for residual or progressing disease. Long-term outcomes are established in the literature for single-fraction frame-based radiosurgery, but mature outcomes are lacking for fractionated frameless radiosurgery. We report our institution’s 5-year efficacy and toxicity results for unfavorable nonfunctioning pituitary macroadenoma patients treated with 5-fraction robotic radiosurgery.

Methods

Between 2010 and 2020, patients who completed 5-fraction robotic radiosurgery for the treatment of unfavorable nonfunctioning pituitary macroadenomas were included. A tumor was considered unfavorable if the gross tumor volume (GTV) was larger than 5 cc or if it closely approached a critical structure (optic apparatus, brainstem, or pituitary gland). Local control was calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method.

Results

Twenty predominantly female patients (60%), ages 21–77 (median: 53 years), were included in this study. All underwent primary resection at the time of diagnosis. The indication for radiosurgery was tumor progression (n = 14, 70%) or residual tumor after subtotal resection (n = 6, 30%). Eighty-five percent of patients treated with radiosurgery (n = 17) had cavernous sinus involvement. Median GTV was 3.4 cm3 (range: 0.3–20.8 cm3), and 40% of the tumors had suprasellar extension. A mean dose of 28.8 Gy (range: 25–30 Gy) was delivered to a median isodose line of 80% (range: 75%–89%). The median optic chiasm maximum point dose was 21.8 Gy (range: 12.0–25.0 Gy). Acute toxicity was minimal with eight patients (40%) developing short-lived headaches and one patient (5%) developing a brief ipsilateral sixth nerve palsy. There was no late radiation-induced neurologic or optic dysfunction identified in this cohort. At a median follow-up of 5 years, local control was 94%. There was one in-field failure pathologically confirmed following surgery for pituitary hemorrhage and two radiographically confirmed out-of-field failures in patients with larger tumors (>20 cc).

Conclusions

The treatment of unfavorable nonfunctioning pituitary macroadenoma with 5-fraction robotic radiosurgery provides excellent local control to date, with acceptable toxicity. However, tumors with GTVs greater than 20 cc may still require conventionally fractionated treatment with a margin to optimize local control.
AR and YAP crosstalk: impacts on therapeutic strategies in prostate cancer
Authors: Zheng Guansong , Yan Zhaojie , Zou Junrong , Zou Xiaofeng , Chai Keqiang , Zhang Guoxi
Published: February 2025

Prostate cancer ranks as one of the most common types of cancer affecting men worldwide, and its progression is shaped by a diverse array of influencing factors. The AR signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer. While existing anti-androgen treatments show initial efficacy, they ultimately do not succeed in halting the advancement to CRPC. Recent studies have identified alterations in the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway within prostate cancer, highlighting intricate crosstalk with the AR signaling pathway. In this review, we examine the interactions and underlying mechanisms between AR and YAP, the key molecules in these two signaling pathways. AR regulates the stability and function of YAP by modulating its transcription, translation, and phosphorylation status, while YAP exerts both promotional and inhibitory regulatory effects on AR. Based on these findings, this paper investigates their significant roles in the onset, progression, and therapeutic resistance of prostate cancer, and discusses the clinical potential of YAP in prostate cancer treatment.
Effects of celastrol on the heart and liver galaninergic system expression in a mouse model of Western-type diet-induced obesity and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and steatohepatitis
Authors: Canová Nikolina , Šípková Jana , Arora Mahak , Pavlíková Zuzana , Kučera Tomáš , Šeda Ondřej , Šopin Tijana , Vacík Tomáš , Slanař Ondřej
Published: February 2025

Background

The complexity of the galaninergic system is still not fully understood, especially under specific pre-existing comorbidities related to metabolic dysfunction. A plant-derived triterpenoid celastrol was demonstrated to exert a complex effect on the galaninergic system and to have hepatoprotective and anti-obesity properties. However, the exact molecular mechanisms responsible for these effects remain unclear. Specifically, there are no data on the impact of celastrol on the heart and liver galaninergic system. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of celastrol on the galaninergic system expression in the heart and liver of mice suffering from diet-induced obesity and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and steatohepatitis (MASLD/MASH).

Methods

The male mice C57BL/6J were fed a Western-type high-fat diet for 16 and 20 weeks to induce obesity and MASLD/MASH. Celastrol was administered along with a specific diet for the last 4 weeks to evaluate its impact on the progression of these conditions. Moreover, the inhibitor of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1/2 (SREBP1/2), fatostatin, was also tested to compare its influence on the galaninergic system with celastrol.

Results

The study demonstrates that celastrol treatment was safe and led to a reduction in food and energy intake, body fat and liver weights, and MASLD-to-MASH progression and improved glucose tolerance, serum biochemistry markers, and hepatic lipid peroxidation in mice. Quantitative gene expression originally showed significant regulation of galanin and all three of its receptors (GalR1/2/3) in the heart ventricles and only GalR2 in the liver of obese mice. Celastrol influenced the gene expression of galanin receptors: it downregulated Galr1 in the heart and upregulated Galr2 in the liver and Galr3 in the heart ventricles, potentially affecting energy metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Fatostatin suppressed gene expression of all the detected members of the galaninergic system in the heart ventricles, depicting the role of SREBP in this process.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that celastrol may beneficially modulate the galaninergic system under obesity and MASLD-to-MASH progression, indicating its potential as a therapeutic agent for disorders associated with metabolic dysfunction.
Gallic acid protects intervertebral disc cells from ferroptosis and alleviates intervertebral disc degeneration by regulating key factors of oxidative stress
Authors: Zhu Zaishi , Huang Zeling , Zhang Chaofeng , Xu Bo , Chen Hua , Pei Shuai , Zhang Baofei , Jie Lishi , Shi Xiaoqing , Liu Yujiang , Li Yuwei , Shen Xiaofeng
Published: February 2025

Background

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a chronic degenerative disease and one of the main causes of low back pain (LBP). Currently, there is no effective treatment. Ferroptosis is a cell-regulated process that depends on iron deposition and lipid peroxidation. Inhibiting ferroptosis in nucleus pulposus cells is considered a potential strategy for the treatment of IDD. Gallic acid (GA) is naturally present in a variety of plants and has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and analgesic effects. It has been shown to alleviate ferroptosis. However, the role of GA in IDD ferroptosis remains unclear.

Methods

This study explored the pathological mechanism of GA in IDD in relation to ferroptosis: (1) to identify ferroptosis-related targets for GA treatment of IDD using network pharmacology and molecular docking technology, (2) to evaluate the therapeutic effect of GA in an IDD rat model and changes in ferroptosis-related targets, (3) to investigate the changes of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation products in NP cells after GA intervention, and (4) to study the changes of ferroptosis-related proteins and iron ions in cells and mitochondria after GA intervention.

Results

Experimental results confirmed that GA can treat IDD by reducing the degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) and pathological changes in IDD. GA can also mitigate ferroptosis by reducing oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in rat nucleus pulposus (NP) cells.

Conclusion

The alleviation of disc degeneration ferroptosis by GA may be closely associated with the key ferroptosis proteins P53 and NRF2.
Evidence construction of Silibinin capsules against alcoholic liver disease based on a meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Wang Yan , Yang Wenmin , Yang Yuan , Liu Xingning , Peng Lanfen , Huang Qi , Fan Kongli , Hu Rui , Yi Jinyu , Zhong Xin , Li Jing , Sun Jialing , Zhou Xiaozhou
Published: February 2025

Background

In recent years, the incidence of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) has rapidly increased worldwide, becoming a significant health issue. Silibinin capsules have shown potential in treating ALD, but clinical evidence is still insufficient. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Silibinin capsules in the treatment of ALD.

Methods

The study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024509676). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included from six databases, covering the period from database inception to 30 December 2023. Primary outcomes included liver function indicators such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), total bilirubin (TBIL), lipid indicators including triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TC), coagulation indicators including prothrombin time (PT), liver fibrosis indicator (PC-III), and Effective Rate. Analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.4.1 and STATA 14.0.

Results

In 15 RCTs involving 1,221 patients, compared to the non-Silibinin group, Silibinin capsules showed significant efficacy in terms of liver function, lipid levels, and effective rate in patients with ALD. Detailed parameters were as follows: ALT [SMD = −1.16, 95% CI (−1.84, −0.47)], AST [SMD = −1.56, 95% CI (−2.18, −0.95)], GGT [SMD = −1.48, 95% CI (−2.09, −0.87)], TBIL [SMD = −1.14, 95% CI (−2.16, −0.13)], TG [SMD = −1.29, 95% CI (−1.93, −0.66)], TC [SMD = −1.11, 95% CI (−1.61, −0.61)], PT [SMD = −0.01, 95% CI (−0.29, 0.26)], PC-III [SMD = −1.94, 95% CI (−3.04, −0.84)], and Effective Rate [OR = 3.60, 95% CI (2.28, 5.70)]. Importantly, Silibinin capsules exhibited a favorable safety profile, with only mild gastrointestinal reactions and reports of insomnia as adverse events.

Conclusion

This review reveals the clinical efficacy and safety of Silibinin capsules in the treatment of ALD, and confirms that the drug is an effective adjuvant therapy to alleviate ALD. At present, the mechanism of action of this drug for ALD is still unclear, and we expect more experimental studies to prove the clinical value of Silibinin capsules.

Systematic Review Registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=509676.
A compact and stable diagnostic system for major species concentration and temperature in the combustion flow field by Raman scattering
Authors: Wang Ke , Zhang Zhenrong , Wang Sheng , Wang Yamin , Liu Yangyang , Wu Haolong , Shao Jun , Ye Jingfeng , Cai Jianghuai
Published: February 2025

A compact and stable diagnostic system is established using Raman scattering to measure parameters such as major species concentration and temperature in the combustion flow field. Despite an engine’s huge vibration, the prototype works stably and has an uncertainty level below 5%. A standard Hencken burner validates the results. From our perspective, the prototype represents a novel practical application of mature Raman spectroscopy technology, warranting interaction with engineering experts in relevant fields. The background and signal are distinguished with the half-wave plate. The orthogonality and angle between excitation and signal contribute to a good signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The compactness of the device is fully considered. The device exhibits good resistance to adverse environments. The system’s temperature is minimally affected by external conditions, and it has good vibration resistance features. The temporal resolution of a single pulse of the device is 10 ns. The spatial resolution is 3 mm × 0.2 mm × 0.2 mm with one-dimension measurement available.
Water and nitrogen regulation strategy for wolfberry farmland based on nitrogen balance in the Yellow River irrigation districts of Gansu Province, China
Authors: Yin Minhua , Tian Rongrong , Ling Yi , Yang Yuqing , Ma Yanlin , Kang Yanxia , Qi Guangping , Wang Jinghai
Published: February 2025

Agricultural production frequently encounters challenges, including soil nitrogen pollution and imbalances resulting from improper irrigation and fertilization practices. This study focuses on wolfberry farmland, analyzing the effects of four irrigation levels [full irrigation (W0, 75%−85% θf), mild water deficit (W1, 65%−75% θf), moderate water deficit (W2, 55%−65% θf), and severe water deficit (W3, 45%−55% θf)] and four nitrogen application levels [no nitrogen application (N0, 0 kg·ha−1), low nitrogen application (N1, 150 kg·ha−1), medium nitrogen application (N2, 300 kg·ha−1), and high nitrogen application (N3, 450 kg·ha−1)] on nitrogen uptake by wolfberry plants, soil nitrogen loss, plant-soil nitrogen balance, and nitrogen use efficiency. The results indicate that: (1) Plant dry matter yield (1338.90−2893.52 kg·ha−1), fruit yield (1368.19−2623.09 kg·ha−1), plant nitrogen uptake (28.32−96.89 kg·ha−1) and fruit nitrogen uptake (23.53−63.56 kg·ha−1) all increased with higher irrigation and nitrogen application levels, following the trend W1 > W0 > W2 > W3 and N2 > N3 > N1 > N0. Compared with the other treatments, W1N2 treatment increased by 4.37%−116.11%, 6.36%−91.72%, 15.23%−242.16% and 10.86%−170.13%, respectively. (2) Soil NO3−–N content initially decreased, then increased, and ultimately decreased again with increasing soil depth, demonstrating inconsistent trends in response to changes in irrigation and nitrogen application. The highest residual soil NO3−–N at the end of the wolfberry growth period was recorded in the W0N3 treatment, measuring 186.17 kg·ha−1. In contrast, the lowest level was observed under the W3N0 treatment at 90.13 kg·ha−1, which was reduced by 12.25%−51.59% compared with other treatments. (3) The soil N2O flux (28.50–433.41 ug·m−2·h−1) and total emissions (0.40–1.67 kg·ha−1) increased with increased irrigation and nitrogen application. (4) The W1N1 treatment showed the highest nitrogen productivity (14.29 kg·kg−1), absorption efficiency (0.85 kg·kg−1), and recovery efficiency (27.14%), outperformed other treatments by 0.64–10.94 kg·kg−1, 0.10−0.65 kg·kg−1, and 2.52–18.80%, respectively. Overall, a combination of 392.40 mm of irrigation and 150 kg·ha−1 of nitrogen represented the optimal strategy for efficient and sustainable wolfberry production in the Yellow River irrigation districts of Gansu and similar regions.
Machine vision-based detection of key traits in shiitake mushroom caps
Authors: Zhao Jiuxiao , Zheng Wengang , Wei Yibo , Zhao Qian , Dong Jing , Zhang Xin , Wang Mingfei
Published: February 2025

This study puts forward a machine vision-based prediction method to solve the problem regarding the measurement of traits in shiitake mushroom caps during the shiitake mushroom breeding process. It enables precise phenotyping through accurate image acquisition and analysis. In practical applications, this method improves the breeding process by rapidly and non-invasively assessing key traits such as the size and color of shiitake mushroom caps, which helps in efficiently screening strains and reducing human errors. Firstly, an edge detection model was established. This model is called KL-Dexined. It achieved an per-image best threshold (OIS) rate of 93.5%. Also, it reached an Optimal Dynamic Stabilization (ODS) rate of 96.3%. Moreover, its Average Precision (AP) was 97.1%. Secondly, the edge information detected by KL-Dexined was mapped onto the original image of shiitake mushroom caps, and using the OpenCV model,11 phenotypic key features including shiitake mushroom caps area, perimeter, and external rectangular length were obtained. Experimental results demonstrated that the R² between predicted values and true values was 0.97 with an RMSE as low as 0.049. After conducting correlation analysis between phenotypic features and shiitake mushroom caps weight, four most correlated phenotypic features were identified: Area, Perimeter, External rectangular width, and Long axis; they were divided into four groups based on their correlation rankings. Finally,M3 group using GWO_SVM algorithm achieved optimal performance among six mainstream machine learning models tested with an R²value of 0.97 and RMSE only at 0.038 when comparing predicted values with true values. Hence, this study provided guidance for predicting key traits in shiitake mushroom caps.
Correlational research on college students’ physical exercise behavior, academic engagement, and self-efficacy
Authors: Gao Wei , Chen Jiaxin , Tu Zhi , Li Ming
Published: February 2025

Objective

This study aims to investigate the current status of physical exercise behavior, academic engagement, and self-efficacy among non-physical education college students. Additionally, it sought to analyze the relationships between these factors in order to explore the potential impact of physical exercise on learning and self-efficacy.

Methods

To examine the current status and relationships between physical exercise behavior, academic engagement, and self-efficacy, this study used the Physical Activity Rating Scale (PARS-3), the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES), and the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GESE) as research tools. A stratified random sampling method was employed, and non-physical education college students were selected as participants. A total of 1,596 valid questionnaires were analyzed. The data were processed using SPSS 26.0, AMOS 26.0, and Excel 2010, with statistical analyses including one-way ANOVA, correlation analysis, regression analysis, and mediation effect testing.

Results

Physical exercise behavior among non-physical education students showed significant positive correlations with academic engagement (r = 0.207, p < 0.01) and self-efficacy (r = 0.218, p < 0.01). Academic engagement was also strongly positively correlated with self-efficacy (r = 0.811, p < 0.01). The partial mediating effect of physical exercise on academic engagement was significant, with the mediation ratio of ab/c = 84.7%.

Conclusion

Physical exercise behavior significantly predicts academic engagement, and a positive predictive relationship exists between physical exercise and self-efficacy. Additionally, self-efficacy plays a significant role in predicting academic engagement. Self-efficacy partially mediates the relationship between physical exercise behavior and academic engagement.
The influence of parental burnout on middle school students’ academic achievement: moderated mediation effect
Authors: Peng Lingyi , Chen Huohong , Peng Jinhai , Liang Wei , Li Mengfang , Fu Weifeng
Published: February 2025

Introduction

This study investigates the influence of parental burnout on the academic achievement of middle school students, as well as the mediating role of academic self-efficacy and the moderating role of middle school students’ gender and parental gender.

Methods

Utilizing a parent-child matched-pair design, a questionnaire survey was conducted with 738 middle school students and their parents (either fathers or mothers).

Results

The findings revealed that: (1) parental burnout significantly and negatively predicted middle school students’ academic achievement; (2) academic self-efficacy partially mediated the relationship between parental burnout and middle school students’ academic achievement; and (3) the gender of middle school students moderated the initial segment of this mediating effect, while parental gender did not significantly moderate the relationship, indicating that the significant negative predictive effect of parental burnout on academic self-efficacy was evident only among female middle students.

Discussion

These results not only enhance our understanding of the mechanisms and conditions under which parental burnout impacts middle school students’ academic achievement, but also have important implications for improving middle school students’ academic self-efficacy and overall academic performance.
Effects of migrant workers’ health capital on their returning home intentions: evidence from China
Authors: Li Haitao , Li Haibo , Xiang Hao
Published: February 2025

Background

The health problems and migration problems of China’s huge migrant workers are related to the implementation effect of new-type urbanization and rural revitalization strategy. A thorough examination of the effect of migrant workers’ health on their returning home intentions and its mechanism is imperative.

Objectives

This study aims to understand the influence of migrant workers’ health capital (HC) in their returning home intentions (RHI). For this, using capital theory, this study developed an empirical model to probe the impact of Chinese migrant workers’ health on their RHI and analyze the paths that this influence may follow to form the RHI of migrant workers.

Methods

A theoretical model was established from the perspective of capital to study the relationship between health and migrant workers’ migration. A probit model was used to probe the impact of Chinese migrant workers’ HC on their RHI, and propensity score matching (PSM), replacing the explained variable (REV), and transforming the model (TM) were used for the robustness test. Stepwise coefficient test (SCT) and Sobel test (ST) were used to analyze the mediating effects of economic capital (EC) and social capital (SC) in the relationship of HC affecting RHI. Data were collected from a sample of 810 migrant workers from three provinces located in eastern, central, and western China using a survey questionnaire.

Results

Migrant workers’ HC had a significant and negative impact on their RHI, and mental health (MH) had a greater impact on migrant workers’ RHI than physical health (PH). There is regional heterogeneity in the effect of HC on the RHI of migrant workers in China. In addition, economic capital (EC) mediated indirectly the relationship between HC and RHI, while the mediating role of social capital in the relationship between HC and RHI was not significant.

Conclusion

Migrant workers’ HC is an important factor affecting the formation of their RHI, in which EC plays an intermediary role. This study extends and deepens our understanding of HC and helps to understand the role of health in shaping RHI from the perspective of capital, and the finding confirms the validity of the “salmon bias effect” hypothesis in the Chinese context. These findings can also help local government pay more attention to returning migrant workers’ HC.
Internet usage and environmental governance satisfaction in China: environmental pollution perception as a mediator
Authors: Huang Xiaorui
Published: February 2025

Background

Public perception and satisfaction with environmental governance are essential for evaluating the effectiveness of national environmental policies and advancing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN-SDGs). However, the role of Internet usage in shaping these perceptions and satisfaction levels remains underexplored. This study examines the influence of different types of Internet use on residents' satisfaction with local environmental governance, with a particular focus on the mediating role of perceived environmental pollution.

Methods

Data were retrieved from 3,046 respondents who participated in the 2021 Chinese Social Survey (CSS). Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression and mediation effect models were employed to analyze the relationships between Internet use, perceived environmental pollution, and satisfaction with environmental governance.

Results

Frequent Internet use for browsing news (β = 0.019, SE = 0.006) and studying (β = 0.020, SE = 0.006) is positively associated with greater satisfaction with environmental governance. However, environmental pollution perception functions as a suppressing mediator in the association of Internet use for news browsing (effect = −0.004, SE = 0.001) and studying (effect = −0.004, SE = 0.001), with environmental governance satisfaction (EGS).

Conclusions

This study is the first to apply expectancy-disconfirmation theory to explore public satisfaction with environmental governance. The findings provide novel insights into the role of Internet usage in shaping perceptions of environmental management and offer practical recommendation for leveraging digital engagement to enhance EGS among the public.
Risk factors of stroke-related sarcopenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yan Huan , Li Juan , Xian Lihong , Li Yujie , Li Simin , Wen Qinghua
Published: February 2025

Background

The presence of sarcopenia at the time of stroke may deteriorate the rehabilitation and functional outcomes. There is no consensus on the factors associated with stroke-related sarcopenia because previous studies produced inconsistent and disputed results. Therefore, we screened the possible risk factors by meta-analysis.

Methods

Studies published before March 2024 on risk factors with stroke-related sarcopenia were searched through PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wan Fang, CBM, and VIP library databases. Two researchers independently screened the articles to extract the information and to evaluate their quality. Meta-analysis was then performed using Revman 5.4 software to determine the significant risk factors for patients with stroke-related sarcopenia.

Results

A total of 14 studies (n = 3,113) were selected to determine the following factors that were statistically significant in patients with stroke-related sarcopenia: Age (OR = 1.04; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.06; P < 0.0001), tube feeding (OR = 3.98; 95% CI: 2.12, 7.47; P < 0.0001), pre-stroke sarcopenia (OR = 1.84; 95% CI: 1.39, 2.43; P < 0.0001), atrial fibrillation (OR = 1.53; 95% CI: 1.15, 2.02; P = 0.003), NIHSS score (OR = 1.48; 95% CI: 1.21, 1.81; P = 0.0001), and osteoporosis (OR = 1.801; 95% CI: 58, 2.04; P < 0.00001). BMI (P = 0.71), FOIS (P = 0.80), time since stroke (P = 0.34), and calf circumference reduction (P = 0.48) were not identified as risk or protective factors after stroke (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Our results identified various risk factors for stroke-related sarcopenia which should be considered and studied by healthcare organizations and professionals to improve the health of stroke patients.

Systematic Review Registration

PROSPERO, Identifier CRD42024545757.