bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Direct and Indirect Domestic Violence on Dating Violence Victimization
Authors: You Sukkyung , Kwon Minkyung
Published: September 2022

This study investigated the relationship between domestic violence and dating violence victimization, and the mediating influence of the justification of dating violence among female Korean university students. The present study uses a cross-sectional survey ( N = 550) to examine three research questions. First, does exposure to domestic violence during childhood predict dating violence victimization later in life? Second, does justifying violence mediate the relationship between domestic violence experience and dating violence victimization? Third, does justifying violence show a difference depending on the sexes of the perpetrator in influencing victimization of violence? A series of structural equation modeling analyses were conducted. The results showed that witnessing interparental violence and experiencing child abuse directly influenced dating violence victimization. Second, the justification of violence mediated the relationship between witnessing interparental violence and dating violence victimization. Third, justifying male to female violence influenced dating violence victimization. The study’s findings emphasize the importance of the gender-specific justification of violence among young female adults. This study makes essential empirical and theoretical contributions. A more in-depth understanding of the justification of violence between their prior and present experiences of violence in different contexts would support victims to recover and prevent poly-victimization experiences. Significant implications for school counselors as well as practitioners are discussed.
Employability and school uniform policies: Projecting the employer’s gaze
Authors: Olsson Annabelle , Shanks Rachel
Published: September 2022

This article examines employability discourse within school uniform policies as a way to justify uniform. The uniform policy of every publicly funded secondary school in Scotland ( n = 357) was studied using content and discourse analysis. Employability discourse was grouped into three themes: School as preparation for work; school to replicate a work environment; and young people creating a good impression for employers. The rationale of the uniform is revealed as a technology through which the employer’s gaze is projected onto pupils.
Pentoxifylline Prevents Restenosis by Inhibiting Cell Proliferation via p38MAPK Pathway in Rat Vein Graft Model
Authors: Yangming-Fan  , Jianjun-Ge
Published: September 2022

Coronary artery bypass grafting remains the gold standard in the therapy of advanced-stage patients. But the vein grafts are prone to restenosis or failure. Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a methylxanthine derivative with a function of inhibiting cell proliferation. We thus applied PTX locally to the vein grafts to study its effect on the inhibition of graft restenosis using a rat vein graft model. Morphometric results showed a significant decrease in the thickness of vein grafts intimal and medial at day 28 after the bypass operation. Results from Western blot and immunohistochemistry showed that PTX also significantly reduced the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression, and phosphorylation of p38 in vein grafts. These results firstly discovered the positive role of PTX in preventing the vein grafts restenosis and the mechanism may be inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) proliferation via the p38MAPK pathway.
Analyzing GAVI the Vaccine Alliance as a Global Health Partnership Model: A Constructivist Analysis of the Global Health Crisis
Authors: Singh Sandeep , Bawa Jagmeet , Singh Bawa , Singh Balinder , Bika Shankar Lal
Published: September 2022

The ongoing debate on the conceptual underpinnings of constructivism and global health partnerships (GHPs) in global health studies has a dimension that deserves closer attention. This paper attempts to draw attention to a few aspects of the debate using Finnemore’s constructivist analysis. According to this study, global actors need to rethink their paradoxical notions of pandemic crisis survival in light of the growing demand for mobilizing diverse global health agents and the necessity of constructing complex GHPs to address challenges of international significance. A global response based on solidarity and multilateralism is the only way to effectively combat this pandemic. Against this backdrop, the article analyses this development through an ideational ontological case study of the GAVI, the Vaccine Alliance. This article contributes to the debate by explaining how the GAVI Alliance fostered global collaboration and can serve as a template for future GHPs.
The Voices of Stakeholders Involved in Precision Medicine: The Co-Design and Evaluation of Qualitative Indicators of Intervention Acceptability, Fidelity and Context in PRecISion Medicine for Children With Cancer in Australia
Authors: Smith James , Braithwaite Jeffrey , O’Brien Tracey A. , Smith Stephanie , Tyrrell Vanessa J. , Mould Emily V. A. , Long Janet C. , Rapport Frances
Published: September 2022

We report a novel approach of amalgamating implementation outcomes of acceptability and fidelity alongside context as a new way of qualitatively evaluating implementation outcomes and context of a precision medicine intervention. A rapid qualitative online proforma was co-designed with stakeholders and sent to a purposive sample of healthcare professionals involved in an early-phase clinical trial intervention. Data were analysed using Framework Analysis. A total of 24 out of 68 proformas were returned. Although some participants raised concerns about drug medication access issues, the main intervention was well accepted and understood across professional groups. Comprehension was enhanced through exposure to specialist multidisciplinary meeting arrangements. In conclusion, a rapid data collection tool and framework are now available to assess readily measurable, qualitative indicators of acceptability, fidelity of receipt and contextual fit within the dynamic precision medicine context.
Utilization of Palliative Care in Osteosarcoma: A National Cancer Database Review
Authors: McMahon Kevin M. , Eaton Vincent P. , Cichon Gregory J. , Griffin Julia B. , Dahl Mary E. , Silberstein Peter J. , McKillip Kathleen
Published: September 2022

Background: Osteosarcoma is the most common form of bone cancer, but the utilization of palliative care (PC) in patients with this cancer has not previously been investigated in the National Cancer Database (NCDB). Methods: Patients diagnosed with osteosarcoma (2004-2017) were identified within the NCDB. Cross tabulations with Chi-square analysis were performed to evaluate frequencies of palliative care use by patient, facility, and tumor characteristics. Multivariate logistic binary regression was performed to evaluate relationships between patient, treatment facility, and tumor characteristics and the use of palliative care. Results: A total of 7498 patients were analyzed with 2.8% of patients diagnosed having any form of palliative care utilization. Of this group, 53.37% received PC within the first 12 months after diagnosis. Of the 2.8% of patients receiving PC the most common forms of PC utilized were non-curative symptom-directed surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy, or a combination of these modalities (56.7%). Palliative care usage was increased in patients with greater tumor diameter, tumors in the bones of the midline, or stage IV tumors. Palliative care usage was decreased in patients living within 25-49 miles of their treatment facility, those living in pacific states, those with chondroblastic osteosarcoma, or those with private insurance. Conclusion: Palliative care use in patients with osteosarcoma increases with tumor stage, tumor size, or more proximal tumors, but overall utilization remains markedly low. Future studies should further define these patterns of care and help expand the utilization of PC.
Religion and Rehabilitation in Colombian and South African Prisons: A Human Flourishing Approach
Authors: Jang Sung Joon , Johnson Byron R. , Anderson Matthew Lee , Booyens Karen
Published: September 2022

This paper examines whether and how religion contributes to prisoner rehabilitation—conceptualized as a prosocial change in self-identity, existential belief, and character based on identity theories of criminal desistance, the “Good Lives Model” of offender rehabilitation, and the concept of human flourishing. For this study, we conducted a quasi-experimental study assessing a faith-based program, “The Prisoner's Journey” (TPJ). We hypothesized that participation in TPJ increased religiosity, which in turn contributed to rehabilitation, measured by identity transformation, a new sense of meaning and purpose in life, and virtue development. It was also hypothesized that prisoner rehabilitation enhanced emotional well-being and reduced the risk of interpersonal aggression. To test our hypotheses, we applied structural equation modeling to analyze data from 506 prisoners in Colombia and South Africa, who participated in pretest and posttest surveys. As hypothesized, we found that completion of TPJ increased religiosity, which in turn fostered motivation for identity change, the perception of meaning and purpose in life, and the virtues of forgiveness, accountability, and self-control. In addition, the increased perception of meaning and purpose in life and two virtues (forgiveness and self-control) decreased negative emotions and the risk of interpersonal aggression. The implications and limitations of our study are discussed.
Discerning Barth’s Legacy: Sorting the Good Conflicts From the Bad
Authors: Holmes Christopher R.J.
Published: September 2022

In dialogue with Christiane Tietz's engrossing biography, this review essay addresses the different conflicts that characterize Barth's life. I discuss what conflicts we should be grateful for and what conflicts we should regret. My main interest is in how the story of Barth's personal and private life intersects with the story of his extraordinary theological career. My working assumption in this review is that there is an indirect line between his theology and his adultery.
Development and Initial Validation of the Career Decision-Making Ambiguity Scale
Authors: Xu Hui
Published: September 2022

The dual-process theory of career decision-making (DTC) adds to the conversation about understanding and facilitating career decision-making from a more realistic and inclusive perspective and highlights the joint operation of decision ambiguity and ambiguity management strategies in career decision-making. However, a psychometrically sound measure of decision ambiguity is lacking. Thus, the current study used two samples of U.S. college students to develop and initially validate a measure of decision ambiguity (CDMA). Study 1 ( n = 195) developed the CDMA and found initial evidence for a unidimensional structure. Study 2 ( n = 271) cross-validated the unidimensional structure of the CDMA and supported the convergent, discriminant, concurrent, and incremental validities of the CDMA. Specifically, the results supported (1) the differential associations of the CDMA with need for information and with neuroticism/negative affectivity, lack of readiness, and interpersonal conflicts, (2) the positive association between the CDMA and choice/commitment anxiety, and (3) the incremental predictions of the CDMA for career decidedness, career certainty, and major satisfaction over and beyond need for information. Therefore, the current study offers a psychometrically sound measure of decision ambiguity, which has potential to facilitate the scientific inquiry and social justice application of the DTC.
Factors Influencing the Use of Domestic Violence Restraining Orders in Los Angeles
Authors: Shah Nilpa D. , Nguyen Grace , Wagman Jennifer A. , Glik Deborah C.
Published: September 2022

Domestic violence restraining orders (DVROs), although a widely used legal intervention in preventing future risk of intimate partner violence (IPV), there is a lack of documentation on the facilitators and barriers of utilization of DVROs among IPV survivors in Los Angeles County (LAC). We conducted 19 key informant interviews with various professionals working in domestic violence prevention in LAC. Factors such as survivors' motivation, ease of navigating the legal procedures, and availability of community resources facilitate the use of DVROs. Fear, ambivalence, structural barriers to access DVROs, and issues with the criminal justice system make it harder for survivors to obtain DVROs.
Multiple-Perpetrator and Solo-Offender Sexual Assaults Between Strangers: Differences and Predictive Variables
Authors: Gimenez-Salinas Framis Andrea , Perez Ramirez Meritxell , Gonzalez Alvarez Jose Luis , Soto Castro Juan Enrique
Published: September 2022

Multiple-perpetrator rape is an under-studied topic, but there has been a recent increase in studies on the differences between multiple-perpetrator sexual offenses and the ones perpetrated by solo offenders. This study aims to have a deeper understanding of the differences between multiple-perpetrator and solo-offender sexual assaults committed by strangers, from a sample of 400 sexual aggressions reported to the Spanish police in 2010. Differences were explored on variables related to characteristics of perpetrators, the assault (approach, control, maintenance, termination, and sexual behavior), and the victims. Data were obtained from police files on sexual assaults committed around the country. Significant differences found were similar to other studies conducted in other countries and proved that multiple perpetrator assaults committed by strangers are a different subtype. Additionally, four predictive variables of multiple-perpetrator rape were identified: older age (OR = 0.943, 95% CI = [0.92, 0.97]), alcohol or drug use (OR = 2.499, 95% CI = [1.50, 4.32]), non-Spanish nationals (OR = 1.980, 95% CI = [1.14, 3.45]), and use of violence to control the victim (OR = 2.465, 95% CI = [1.03, 5.90]). The cultural and leisure characteristics of Spanish society provide facilitating opportunities for multiple-perpetrator rapes and prevention strategies should be urgently addressed.
PeleC: An adaptive mesh refinement solver for compressible reacting flows
Authors: Henry de Frahan Marc T , Rood Jon S , Day Marc S , Sitaraman Hariswaran , Yellapantula Shashank , Perry Bruce A , Grout Ray W , Almgren Ann , Zhang Weiqun , Bell John B , Chen Jacqueline H
Published: September 2022

Reacting flow simulations for combustion applications require extensive computing capabilities. Leveraging the AMReX library, the Pele suite of combustion simulation tools targets the largest supercomputers available and future exascale machines. We introduce PeleC, the compressible solver in the Pele suite, and detail its capabilities, including complex geometry representation, chemistry integration, and discretization. We present a comparison of development efforts using both OpenACC and AMReX’s C++ performance portability framework for execution on multiple GPU architectures. We discuss relevant details that have allowed PeleC to achieve high performance and scalability. PeleC’s performance characteristics are measured through relevant simulations on multiple supercomputers. The success of PeleC’s design for exascale is exhibited through demonstration of a 160 billion cell simulation and weak scaling onto 100% of Summit, an NVIDIA-based GPU supercomputer at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Our results provide confidence that PeleC will enable future combustion science simulations with unprecedented fidelity.
Framing food tourism videos: What drives viewers’ attitudes and behaviors?
Authors: Chi Christina G. , Deng Demi Shenrui , Chi Oscar Hengxuan , Lin Hongxia
Published: September 2022

Despite the prevalence of food tourism-related short videos on social networking services, few studies have examined the effectiveness of such videos in promoting food tourism. This study aims to address this gap in literature via three experimental studies. Specifically, Study 1 reveals significantly different attitudes across participants who watch food tourism videos with different framing styles (information-focused, emotion-focused, and commercial-focused); and viewers’ attitudes significantly influence their video-sharing and destination visit intention. Study 2 suggests that information-focused and emotion-focused videos influence viewers’ attitude via distinct routes, that is, cognitive evaluations and aroused emotions, respectively. Study 3 finds that different locations and lengths of embedded commercial content in a video induce different levels of brand awareness. This study is amongst the first to uncover the effects of food tourism video framing styles on viewers’ attitudes and behaviors, unravel the underlying mechanism, and explore the most effective brand placement strategies in food tourism promotion.

Highlights

Information-focused video is the most effective in promoting food tourism. Information-focused video triggers cognitive evaluations. Placing commercial content in the middle or end of a video is more effective. Ten-second embedded commercial content is as persuasive as the traditional 15 seconds.
Clinical presentation and outcome in cats with aural squamous cell carcinoma: a review of 25 cases (2010–2021)
Authors: McGrath Alysha M , Chen Carolyn L , Abrams Brittany , Hixon Leah , Grimes Janet A , Viani Emily , McLoughlin Mary A , Tremolada Giovanni , Lapsley Janis , Selmic Laura E
Published: September 2022

Case series summary

Ear canal neoplasia is uncommon in cats. Ceruminous gland adenocarcinoma is the most frequently reported malignant neoplasm of the feline ear canal, and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common malignant neoplasm diagnosed in the feline middle ear. However, limited information exists on the outcome of cats diagnosed with SCC of the ear canal, middle or inner ear. Therefore, the objective of this study was to describe the outcome of cats diagnosed with SCC affecting these locations. Medical records were reviewed at multiple institutions to identify cats with a definitive diagnosis of SCC. Twenty-five cats were identified. Eleven cats were treated with surgery, eight with medical management, two with coarse fractionated radiation therapy, two with a combination of coarse fractionated radiation therapy and chemotherapy, one with a combination of surgery and coarse fractionated radiation therapy, one cat with systemic chemotherapy and one cat received no treatment following diagnosis. The median survival time of cats treated with surgery was 168 days vs 85 days ( P = 0.28) for those treated palliatively with either medical management, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of radiation therapy and chemotherapy.

Relevance and novel information

This case series documented that SCC of the ear canal, middle and/or internal ear is a locally aggressive tumor that carries an overall poor prognosis. The median survival time for cats treated with surgery was longer than that with any other modality, but this difference was not statistically significant.
Concurrent Intracranial Hypertension and Bilateral Optic Neuritis in a Patient With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Case Report
Authors: Srimanan Worapot , Panyakorn Somboon
Published: September 2022

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) involves dysregulation of the immune system, consequently affecting multiple organ systems, including the cardiovascular, neuropsychiatric, renal, and musculoskeletal systems. Optic neuritis and intracranial hypertension are conditions that rarely occur in SLE, and their coexistence has not been reported to date. Herein, we report the first case of a patient who was diagnosed with SLE complicated by concurrent intracranial hypertension and bilateral optic neuritis. An 11-year-old Thai girl had a low-grade fever, discoid rash, oral ulcer, chronic headache, and fluctuating diplopia. She experienced bilateral vision loss just before presentation. She was diagnosed with juvenile SLE. We believe that her headache, which was probably a symptom of optic disc edema, was due to intracranial hypertension. Furthermore, she exhibited vision loss and color vision deficit and was diagnosed with bilateral optic neuritis. Her condition improved on treatment with corticosteroids (intravenous pulse methylprednisolone for 3 days, followed by 1 mg/kg/day oral prednisolone tapered over 3 months). The occurrence of optic neuritis and intracranial hypertension during an active SLE inflammation and a rapid response to high-dose corticosteroids support the fact that SLE was the etiology of these neuropsychiatric conditions. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment in such cases can lead to favorable outcomes.
Remote Delivery of Service: A Survey of Occupational Therapists’ Perceptions
Authors: Almog Tehila , Gilboa Yafit
Published: September 2022

Background:

Telehealth has been declared an accepted method of occupational therapy (OT) service delivery and has been shown to be effective. However, studies done before the outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) show that most occupational therapists didn’t use it.

Aim:

The aim of this exploratory study was to examine the perceptions of occupational therapists regarding remote delivery of service following the COVID-19 outbreak.

Material and methods:

An online survey, including 11-item five-point Likert scale, and 2 open-ended questions were distributed to occupational therapists.

Results:

Responses were received from 245 Israeli occupational therapists. The majority of the participants (60%) strongly agreed that remote delivery allows an ecological and effective intervention, while 76% strongly agreed that an ideal treatment is one that would combine telehealth with in-person intervention. Qualitative findings indicated that the most significant advantage was providing care in the natural environment and improving accessibility to the service. The most salient barriers were limitations of the therapeutic relationship and threats on clinical reasoning.

Conclusion:

The study results highlight the complexity of telehealth. Findings indicate that overall occupational therapists perceive remote care as an effective and legitimate service delivery method that cannot be used as an alternative to in-person treatment. These findings can help in developing intervention programs for remote treatment, and their implementation.
Differences in Practice Patterns and Payments for Female and Male Dermatologists: A Canadian Population-Based Study Over 3 Decades
Authors: Georgakopoulos Jorge R. , Felfeli Tina , Canizares Mayilee , Jin Ya-Ping , Joseph Marissa , Yeung Jensen , Buys Yvonne M.
Published: September 2022

Background

Canada’s fee-for-service physician reimbursement system, where a set rate is provided for each service, suggests that a physician sex pay gap should not exist. However, recent evidence has questioned this presumption.

Objectives

To characterize trends in demographics and billing, overall and by sex, for dermatologists compared to other medical and surgical specialty groups in Ontario, Canada.

Methods

Using population-based data, analysis of physician billing and clinical activity from Ontario, Canada, over 27 years (1992-2018) was performed. Multilevel regression models were used to examine unadjusted and adjusted differences in payments between females and males over time, while controlling for age, distinct patients seen, patient visits, and full-time equivalent.

Results

A total of 22 389 physicians were included in the analyses, including 381 dermatologists. The proportion of female dermatologists increased from 32% in 1992 to 46% in 2018. Dermatologists’ median Ontario Health Insurance Plan (OHIP) payments were $415 340 (IQR: 285 630-566 580) in 1992 compared to $296 750 (IQR: 164 480-493 180) in 2018. Male dermatologists’ OHIP payments were 20% more than their female counterparts across the entire study period. After adjusting for practice volumes, there was no significant pay gap amongst female and male dermatologists ( P = .42); however, the sex pay gap remained significant for the other specialty groups ( P < .001). From 1992 to 2018, dermatologists on average saw 19% fewer distinct patients per year and 15% fewer visits per patient.

Conclusions

The overall sex pay gap within medical dermatology can be attributed to differences in practice patterns, whereas the sex pay gap remained significant in the other specialty groups.
Risk of nonmajor bleeding upon use of direct oral anticoagulants for preventing and treating venous thromboembolism: A network meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Jiana , Lv Meina , Jiang Shaojun , Wu Shuyi , Xu Wenlin , Qian Jiafen , Zeng Zhiwei , Chen Mingrong , Fang Zongwei , Zhang Jinhua
Published: September 2022

Introduction:

Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are associated with bleeding. Patients often stop taking DOACs due to nonmajor bleeding, which may lead to venous thromboembolism (VTE) recurrence. We aimed to determine the risk of nonmajor bleeding using different DOACs to prevent and treat VTE.

Methods:

PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were searched from inception until January 6, 2021. The incidence of clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding and minor bleeding was investigated. In frequentist-based network meta-analysis, we analyzed the odds ratio (OR) with 95% CI and the surface under the cumulative ranking curves (SUCRA).

Results:

Twenty-seven randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (involving 64,493 patients) were included. For preventing VTE, the risk for clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding was lowest for apixaban, followed by that for low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH), dabigatran, edoxaban, and rivaroxaban. The risk for minor bleeding was lowest for apixaban, followed by that for rivaroxaban, LMWH, dabigatran, and edoxaban. For treating VTE, the risk for clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding was also lowest for apixaban, followed by that for edoxaban, vitamin K antagonists (VKAs), and rivaroxaban. The risk for minor bleeding was lowest for apixaban, followed by that for rivaroxaban and VKAs.

Conclusions:

Regardless of whether it was used for preventing or treating VTE, apixaban had the lowest risk of nonmajor bleeding. This suggests that apixaban may have a lower risk of nonmajor bleeding than other anticoagulants and may help provide some clinical reference for choosing a more appropriate drug for the patient.
Are mindfulness groups more mindful face to face or online? A comparison of delivering a mindfulness based well-being group for parents of children with a chronic health condition
Authors: Portnoy Sara , Korchak Gina , Foxall Anna , Hurlston Rosie
Published: September 2022

Introduction and Aims

Mindfulness has been shown to be an effective group intervention for adults and children living with a range of medical conditions. Recently, research has also explored the impact of mindfulness interventions offered to parents of children with health conditions. Few studies have examined whether the mode of delivery (face-to-face vs online) has an impact on outcomes.

Methods

Four mindfulness based wellbeing courses for parents (MBWP) of children with a chronic medical condition were run (two face to face and two online). All parents ( N=37) completed the WHO Well-being Questionnaire and Neff Self-Compassion Scale Questionnaire-Short Form at the beginning and end of each course. Parents’ experience of the course was also explored using a semi-structured interview 6 weeks after completing the course, with their responses analysed using Thematic analysis.

Results

The groups had a statistically significant positive impact on both parent well-being and self-compassion and were equally effective face-to-face or online. All parents reported incorporating informal mindfulness practices into their day-to-day lives 6 weeks post-course The qualitative analysis highlighted improvements in present moment focus, kindness to self, and family relationships.

Discussion and Conclusion

Parents valued connecting with other parents of young people with both similar and different medical conditions, within both face-to-face and online groups, increasing the accessibility of MBWP.
Into the unknown: Empirical UBI trials as social Europe’s risk insurance
Authors: Afscharian Dominic , Muliavka Viktoriia , Ostrowski Marius S. , Siegel Lukáš
Published: September 2022

In this article, we conduct a case study of EU-level debates on universal basic income (UBI) trials, as part of which we examine core contributions in the Conference on the Future of Europe, the election manifestos produced by European party groups, as well as European Parliament debates since 2009. The results indicate that parties and politicians are far more hesitant than citizens to demand UBI, while also relying proportionally more on proposing trials rather than policies. Interpreting the results, we develop a conceptual framework designed to better understand how political decisionmakers at the EU level can deal with the uncertainties involved in European social policymaking. We argue that these actors face legal, political, and suitability risks when proposing policies that would integrate the EU’s social dimension. Unlike in national settings, the potential to pursue various strategies of risk reduction is limited at the EU level. However, we argue that empirical trials of social policies are particularly well-suited to insuring politicians at the EU level against risks. This insurance function is based not only on the scope of empirical trials to reduce uncertainties about policy outcomes, but also on the fact that they are inherently non-binding. By simply proposing empirical trials, actors can influence agendas, benefit from public demands, or reduce public pressure without having to take on the risks associated with implementing a fully-fledged policy proposal. We conclude that empirical trials can be understood as buffers against risks that might be used strategically by politicians, and which have the potential to break stalemates in the future development of a “Social Europe”.
Risk factors for substance use in Swedish adolescents: A study across substances and time points
Authors: Dennermalm Nicklas , Karlsson Patrik , Ekendahl Mats
Published: September 2022

Aim: The public health model for prevention of disease and disorder has been influential in informing interventions regarding substance use. While a number of risk factors within this model have been found to predict substance use, few studies have explored the associations across substances, at different time points and in the same individuals. The aim of this study was to test this model across legal and illegal substance use among adolescents, and to identify potential changes in associations over time. Methods: Data from two waves of a nationally representative cohort study among Swedish adolescents were used. Baseline data were collected in 2017 (9th grade) with a follow-up in 2019 (11th grade). Using modified Poisson regression analyses, we explored cross-sectional associations between factors from different domains and prevalence of cigarette use, binge-drinking and illegal drug use at both baseline and follow-up. Results: The results in part supported the public health model. Substance use was predicted by factors within the family, school and the individual/peer domain, but several associations were not statistically significant. The only consistent risk factors across substances and time points were lack of parental monitoring, truancy and minor criminal activities. Conclusion: Despite widely different prevalence rates across substances, some risk factors were consistently associated with adolescent substance use. Nonetheless, the findings challenge the assumption that risk factors are stable over adolescence. They suggest a need for flexible prevention interventions spanning across substances and legal boundaries of substances, but also over domains to reflect the heterogenous needs of adolescents.
‘¡Eso no se dice’!: Exploring the value of communication distortions in participatory planning
Authors: Kocsis Joanna
Published: September 2022

Plans and policies rely on knowledge about communities that is often made by actors outside of the community. Exclusion from the creation of knowledge is a function of exclusion from power. Marxists, feminist, decolonial and postmodernist theorists have documented how the knowledge of some subjects is disqualified based on their gender, race, socio-economic position or a range of other constructed differences. Often, several of these constructions intersect in one person’s life, compounding their exclusion in ways that are both relational and structural ( Crenshaw, 2017 ). Participatory planning approaches bring members of the community into contact with planning authorities in an effort to include their voices and interests in official plans. Essential to meaningful engagement in such a process is the participant’s ability to turn their ideas into change through the exercise of their agency. When that potential for transformation is missing, participation is tokenistic at best and dangerous at worst ( Cooke and Kothari, 2001 , Hickey and Mohan, 2004 ; Forester, 2020 ). When planners ask people whose agency is restricted by institutional and cultural forms of subjugation to talk about issues that adversely impact them, but over which they have little control, we can create exposures to internal and external risks that we are ill-equipped to mitigate. How can planners work towards social transformation without shifting the burden of speaking truth to power onto community members? One of the ways in which power and knowledge are related is through the complicated process of communication. Reflecting on power and communication in planning practice, this paper contemplates the question: when working with communities that have been historically excluded from the creation of knowledge about themselves, should planners strive for undistorted communication or should the distortion in communication be analysed for what it can tell us about agency and power, and opportunities for resistance and transformation?
Understanding democratic conflicts: The failures of agonistic theory
Authors: August Vincent
Published: September 2022

Western democracies experience profound conflicts that induce concerns about polarization and social cohesion. Yet although conflicts are a core feature of democracies, the forms, functions, and dynamics of democratic conflicts have rarely been subject of political theory. This paper aims at furthering our understanding of democratic conflicts. It analyzes the theory of conflict in Mouffe's agonistic pluralism, confronts it with sociological conflict theory, and presents concrete points of departure for a more comprehensive theory of democratic conflicts. The paper, thus, contributes to two lines of research: (1) Regarding agonistic theories, the paper shows that agonistic pluralism fails to provide a convincing theory of conflict since it underestimates the mechanisms and effects of conflict dynamics (e.g. intergroup cohesion, intragroup conflict, domination, and escalation) and fails to account for the variety of conflict interactions. Proponents of agonistic pluralism should therefore invest more into clarifying their core concept. (2) For a general account of democratic conflicts, the paper proposes to pursue interdisciplinary research on the cognitive concepts shaping conflict interactions, the linked practices of conflict regulation, and the processual dynamics of conflicts.
Humanitarianism, Egalitarianism, and Public Support for Political Compromise
Authors: Barker David C. , Carman Christopher J. , Bowler Shaun
Published: September 2022

Democratic policymaking requires compromise, but public support for it varies substantially. Scholars know relatively little about the psychology of such public attitudes. In this investigation, we consider the predictive capacities of humanitarianism (a commitment to helping those who are suffering) and egalitarianism (a commitment to treating people equally). Such altruistic values, we argue, foster concern for the common good and a cooperative vision of democratic policymaking — which, in turn, engender support for compromise. Moreover, we suggest that partisan differences in such values (with Democrats being more likely than Republicans to prioritize them, on average), help explain Democrats’ disproportionate support for compromise. Data from two nationally representative studies are consistent with this theoretical perspective, offering novel insights into the roots of political compromise, the reach of core values as political determinants, and the dynamics of partisan asymmetry.
Clinical Efficacy of a 3D Foot Scanner app for the Fitting of Therapeutic Footwear in Persons with Diabetes in Remission: A Randomized and Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: López-Moral Mateo , Molines-Barroso Raúl J. , García-Álvarez Yolanda , Álvaro-Afonso Francisco J. , García-Madrid Marta , Lázaro-Martínez José Luis
Published: September 2022

To evaluate the ability of high-risk patients with diabetes in remission to select proper therapeutic footwear (TF) and validate a novel 3D foot scanner app for selecting the proper fitting TF. We conducted a randomized and controlled clinical trial enrolling 30 patients with a previously healed diabetic foot ulcer carried out in a specialized diabetic foot unit between November 2021 and June 2022. All patients were recommended to TF with extra depth volume and rocker sole. The control group could acquire the TF size and model according to aesthetic preferences, while the experimental group had to acquire a specific size and model according to the result of a novel mobile app 3D feet scan. TF was recommended to change when the ill-fitting reasons were found, excessive length or tightness or compromise with toes. The primary outcome measure was the requirement of TF change after prescription because of ill-fitting. A total of seven patients required TF change, one of them (6.7%) in the experimental group and six patients (40%) in the control group (p = .031, 95% CI [0.011-1.04]). Reasons for ill-fitting were as follows: four patients due to excessive length and three patients due to toe compromise. The relative risk reduction for the need to change the TF via the foot scan compared to the control group was 83%, and the number needed to treat was 20. High-risk patients with diabetes tend to select TF with inadequate fitting (length or capacity), and they should be guided hand to hand to acquire proper TF.
Digital Cultural Heritage Inequality: Philippine Museums During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Perez Paul Jason , Escueta Julianna K. , Jequinto Paul Martin P.
Published: September 2022

Like many museums worldwide, Philippine museums moved their operations online when COVID-19 hit. However, studies showed that central to this move was digital heritage collection, which required time and resources spent years before the pandemic began. This paper re-examines the concept of openness of digital cultural heritage in Philippine museums. This paper tries to determine the state of openness of Philippine museums along with their perception of Open Heritage Data. Using the Open Heritage Data Model of Roued-Cunliffe, document analysis of eighty five museum websites was done. This was followed by semi-structured interviews of thirteen Philippine museums. A thematic analysis was done to answer the questions on openness and Open Heritage Data in Philippine museums. Philippine museums have minimal openness when it comes to physical, online, and data access levels. This can be explained by their cataloging practices, the effects of the pandemic on their institution, and their perception of Open Heritage Data. This lack of openness contributes to global inequality in digital cultural heritage.
Finds, Fragments, and Friendship: The Grace Crowfoot Collection at the Textile Research Centre, Leiden, and Its Value as Historical Record
Authors: O’Farrell Holly
Published: September 2022

This paper explores the Grace Mary Crowfoot collection of textile objects and letters found in the Textile Research Centre (TRC) in Leiden. Crowfoot, a textile archeologist worked mainly between North Africa and the Middle East, although her interests were far more expansive. Her collection in the TRC has largely gone unstudied. Including a variety of textile samples and related artifacts, along with letters between Crowfoot and her mentee Robert Charleston, the collection seems disparate, however I argue that we may garner much information from such a collection The paper questions how small, diverse collections can be useful for academic research. How can a small collection like the Crowfoot collection be used and how can it contribute to our understanding of the individual and wider society? This paper explores the opportunities and scope in analyzing smaller collections themselves as historical records.
Redefining Fatherhood in a Migratory Context: A Narrative Inquiry into the Experiences of African First-time Fathers in Belgium
Authors: Onyeze-Joe Chiemeka , O’Neill Sarah , Godin Isabelle
Published: September 2022

Many African fathers face practices in their host countries that conflict with the conceptions of fatherhood in their countries of origin. They deal with negative stereotypes, including notions of paternal irresponsibility when it comes to embracing child care. This article looks at how exposure to the Belgian norms of fatherhood may redefine the fatherhood practices of African first-time fathers residing in Belgium. Drawing on a qualitative narrative approach, this article explores the perceptions and experiences of African migrant fathers in Belgium and examines how they adapt to a different fathering culture. The findings show that while African first-time fathers acknowledged their primary role as providers, they also embraced new practices that transgress defined gender lines in African culture. In the absence of a larger family support network, respondents face the responsibility of providing prenatal and postnatal support and sharing in child care responsibilities. Findings also shed light on how African fathers with European partners engage in shared decision-making and negotiate on core African values such as male circumcision.
Nonlinear dynamics analysis of a gear system considering tooth contact temperature and dynamic wear
Authors: Yuan Zhe , Fan Fei , Bai Xiaotian
Published: September 2022

Increased temperature and surface wear of high-speed and heavy-load gears are inevitable. Thermal deformation and surface wear modify the position of the action line of the tooth surface and thus influence the dynamic characteristics of the gear mesh. In this study, the elastic modulus and tooth profile thermal deformation were calculated when the tooth contact temperature (TCT) increased. A dynamic wear calculation method was used to combine the dynamic mesh force and dynamic wear coefficient caused by the dynamic mesh force obtained in the nonlinear dynamics model with the quasi-static wear model to obtain the cumulative wear depth. The changed elastic modulus, the tooth profile thermal deformation and the wear depth are considered when calculating the mesh stiffness using the energy method. A nonlinear dynamics model was established by considering the effects of TCT and dynamic wear on the internal dynamic excitation of the gear transmission system. The effects of internal excitation variations such as mesh stiffness, STE and backlash on gear dynamics are analyzed, and the study showed their complex effects on gear dynamics. Comparing the bifurcation diagrams with or without considering TCT and dynamic wear reveals that the system enters chaos earlier after considering TCT and dynamic wear.
Internal defect identification method of TSV 3D packaging based on built-in integrated sensor
Authors: Nie Lei , Huang Yifan , Yin Yehan , Liu Mengran , Wu Lili , Yang Haoming
Published: September 2022

TSV (Through Silicon Via) is a key technology for three-dimensional (3D) packaging due to its unique vertical interconnection method. However, its particular manufacturing process of-ten leads to internal defects, such as gaps, bottom voids, filling missing, which are usually difficult to be detected by common means. In order to discover the internal defect of TSV packaging effectively, a novel non-destructive inspection method based on built-in integrated temperature sensor array is proposed. The relationship between temperature distribution and internal defect is dis-covered and then corresponding sensor array layout is designed. The simulation analysis shows that this kind of sensor array can recognize the internal TSV defect. And supervised machine learning is used to construct the classification model by which different defects can be found and classified with relatively high accuracy, and the classification accuracy rate can reach 95.625%. Experiments were conducted and the rationality of this built-in sensing array was verified. The research provides a non-destructive testing method for TSV internal defects based on bulit-in-integrated sensors, and verifies the feasibility of sensor arrangement through simulation, laying a foundation for the realization of later TSV design optimization.
Precise torques and sliding mode compensation for trajectory tracking of manipulator with uncertainty
Authors: Lyu Guizhi , Wang Peng , Li Guohong , Lu Feng , Dai Shenglong
Published: September 2022

The control based on dynamic model could improve the dynamic performance of manipulators and obtain better control effects than the control based on kinematic model. As manipulators are complex online multivariable systems, there are various uncertainties in different environments and working conditions. Accurate dynamic parameters are difficult to obtain in practical engineering applications. In this article, a controller is designed by combining the precise control torques obtained by the analytical dynamics method with the compensation control torques obtained by sliding mode method for trajectory tracking of the manipulator with bounded uncertainty. Precise control torques obtained from the Udwadia–Kalaba modeling method could be applied for the control of the ideal manipulator tracking the desired trajectory. Compensation control torques obtained from the sliding mode concept and the Lyapunov stability theory could be applied to compensate the uncertainties of parameters and external disturbances, thus enhancing the robustness of the system. By combining precise control torques with compensation control torques, the end point of the manipulator with uncertainty could track the end of the ideal manipulator and then track the desired trajectory. The simulation results of the three-link manipulator with uncertainty show that the control method can make the controlled target approach the desired trajectory in relatively small torque ranges and obtain high stability accuracy, and the chattering is effectively reduced at the stage of approaching the sliding mode surface.
Recommendations for Investigating the Cross-Category Effect Among Hispanic and Latino Populations
Authors: Rennels Jennifer L.
Published: September 2022

Individuals who are Hispanic or Latino make up a substantial portion of the U.S. and world population yet are vastly underrepresented as both participants and stimuli in the face-perception literature. Perceiving and recognizing faces are critical components of everyday social interactions, but cross-category effects (difficulty recognizing faces from other races or ethnicities) can hinder social interactions. Cross-category effects are the most commonly studied face-perception topic with these ethnic groups, but this empirical knowledge should be expanded via culturally relevant considerations. In this article, I describe (a) errors individuals display when categorizing target faces, (b) how social status influences identity and cross-category effects, (c) the potential impact of flexible and heterogeneous social identities on face processing, (d) a critical need for more developmental research, and (e) methodological expansions and generalizability concerns. Thus, I propose important directions for future studies to address these issues and advance knowledge in the field.