bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FULL-SCALE MOTIONS OF A LARGE HIGH-SPEED CATAMARAN: THE INFLUENCE OF WAVE ENVIRONMENT, SPEED AND RIDE CONTROL SYSTEM
Authors: Jacobi G , Thomas G , Davis M R , Holloway D S , Davidson G , Roberts T
Published: December 2021

To assess the behaviour of large high-speed catamarans in severe seas, extensive full-scale trials were conducted by the U.S. Navy on an INCAT Tasmania built vessel in the North Sea and North Atlantic region. Systematic testing was done for different speeds, sea states and ride control settings at different headings. Collected data has been used to characterise the ship’s motions and seakeeping performance with respect to wave environment, vessel speed and ride control system. Motion response amplitude operators were derived and compared with results from a two-dimensional Green function time-domain strip theory seakeeping prediction method. An increase of motion response with increasing vessel speed and a decrease with the vessel moving from head to beam seas was found. In higher sea states and headings ahead of beam seas an increasing influence of the centre bow on pitch motion damping was found. Significant motion RAO reduction was also found when the ride control system was active. Its effectiveness increased at higher speeds and contributed to heave and pitch motion RAO reduction. Predicted motion magnitudes with the time domain seakeeping code were consistent with the measured motion responses, but maximum heave was predicted at a rather higher frequency than was evident in the trials.
EXPERT SYSTEM FOR SHIP RECYCLING
Authors: Sivaprasad K , Nandakumar C G
Published: December 2021

Ship recycling has been considered as a low technology industry. It has been established that there are more than a dozen stake holders in ship recycling having their own interests and roles. Apart from this, most of the ship recycling activities are carried out with poor infrastructure support and without adhering to proper safety and environmental standards. A Knowledge-based support is the need of the hour for improving the status of ship recycling industry. Knowledgebase support in the form of a computer based expert system encompassing entire ship recycling activities is considered as a very useful step in this direction. This paper presents the need for a user friendly expert system for ship recycling process. Two important functions of the expert system have been presented, one for the Administrators, the stake holders at the helm of the ship recycling affairs and second one for the Users, who execute the actual dismantling have been presented.
TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY OF HYBRID PROPULSION SYSTEMS TO REDUCE EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF BULK CARRIERS
Authors: Dedes E K , Hudson D A , Turnock S R
Published: December 2021

The combination of a prime mover and an energy storage device for reduction of fuel consumption has successfully been used in the automotive industry. In the shipping industry, the potential use of a hybrid battery-diesel-electric propulsion system is investigated. The scope of this study is to suggest that in existing newly built vessels and in modern designs, such a combination can be achieved without significantly affecting the principal dimensions of the ship and the cargo capacity. This work considers structural arrangements of a bulk carrier fleet of all vessel types. Complete calculation of free, void and machinery spaces is performed. The energy requirements of each vessel size and the derived energy storage system are used to inform the installation and construction scenarios. Meanwhile, trim constraints are investigated and discussed. Installation and retrofitting issues affecting the housing compartments of the proposed system are investigated for the current ship designs. Results indicate that such an installation will fit in modern bulk carriers and that proper allocation of the weight may be used to improve the trim. Cargo capacity is affected by less than 1.0% and is dependent on the battery weight, the type of diesel generators and electric motor technology deployed.
MARINE REQUIREMENTS ELUCIDATION AND THE NATURE OF PRELIMINARY SHIP DESIGN
Authors: Andrews D
Published: December 2021

My thanks to the author for a fine paper. It is also an important one, at least in the area of naval whole ship procurement where the idea of ‘Requirements Engineering’ has been taken up by those ignorant of the process of successful ship design. It is notable that such mistakes do not appear to be made in commercial ship procurement, where the pressures of finance, time and more direct accountability seem to concentrate the mind against ill-thought-out fads.
MEASURED LOADING RESPONSE OF MODEL MOTION CONTROL STERN TABS
Authors: Bell J , Arnold T , Lavroff J , Davis M R
Published: December 2021

Active trim tabs are commonly used as part of the ride control systems of high-speed craft. This paper investigates the lift characteristics of rectangular stern tabs that are commonly fitted to INCAT wave-piercer catamarans. A test apparatus was developed to enable the testing of a model scale trim tab in a circulating water tunnel in the University of Tasmania hydraulics laboratory. The magnitude and location of the lift force produced by the tab were measured over a range of tab angles and flow velocities. From this the lift coefficient of the tab was calculated and the performance of the tab under varying conditions was analysed. The lift force produced by the tab was shown to increase with velocity and tab angle as expected, with the lift coefficient of the tab increasing linearly with tab angle and remaining relatively constant with increases in flow velocity. The magnitude of the measured lift coefficient was lower than had been previously estimated in shallow water tests and the force was found to act forward of the tab hinge, indicating that much of the lift force generated by the tab is due to the increased pressure on the underside of the hull forward of the tab.
VESSEL WAVE WAKE CHARACTERISATION USING WAVELET ANALYSIS
Authors: Robbins A , Thomas G , Amin W , Macfarlane G , Renilson M , Dand I
Published: December 2021

This work focuses on characterising vessel wave wake (wash) using wavelet analysis when a vessel is operating in the sub-critical and critical zone. Such characterisation complements other wash characteristics: Froude depth number, bow wave angle, solitons and decay coefficient. The examination of experimental results indicates that differences in characteristics with respect to water depth, Froude depth number, vessel displacement, hull form and soliton generation can be identified through wavelet analysis. The results demonstrate “proof of concept” that wavelet analysis is a powerful tool for characterising vessel wash and captures the effects of key operational and vessel changes.
COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS ANALYSIS OF NOx AND OTHER POLLUTANTS IN THE MAN B&W 7S50MC MARINE ENGINE AND EFFECT OF EGR AND WATER ADDITION
Authors: Lamas M I , Rodríguez C G , Aas H P
Published: December 2021

Marine engines represent a significant contribution to global emissions. In order to overcome this problem, a great attention was given to reduce their exhaust emissions in the last years, and marine engines have to adapt to regional, national and international restrictions. In this regard, the purpose of this paper is to develop a numerical model to study NOx (oxides of nitrogen) and other pollutants in engines. EGR and water addition were studied too as measures to reduce NOx. The main advantage of this study is that it provides a cheap and fast method to analyze emissions, contrary to experimental setups which are too expensive and laborious. Particularly, a commercial marine engine was analyzed and validated with experimental data. Results showed that increasing EGR and water addition leads to reduce NOx, but increase carbon monoxide and unburnt hydrocarbons due to an incomplete combustion.
WHEN IS WATER SHALLOW?
Authors: Robbins A , Thomas G , Macfarlane G , Dand I , Renilson M
Published: December 2021

A master of a vessel must at all times know where their vessel is operating. Traditionally this is only thought of in the geographical sense; however, there is a clear necessity, for safe vessel operations, that the master knows where their vessel is in the hydrodynamic sense. This knowledge is also of prime interest to designing naval architects and route planners alike. Water depth has profound effects on vessel performance and to know When is Water Shallow? is the key to successful vessel operation and wash mitigation. The authors propose a series of characterisations to aid the definition of shallow-water and hence provide greater operational understanding. These characterisations cover typical vessel performance indicators such as resistance, propulsion, manoeuvring, etc., but also wash-specific performance indicators such as wave angle, wave decay, soliton occurrence and spectral output.
RESISTANCE PREDICTION USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS FOR PRELIMINARY TRI-SWACH DESIGN
Authors: Carter Lt(N) A , Muk-Pavic E , McDonald T
Published: December 2021

Due to the novel hull form design, at present no standard series or full-scale data is publicly available to predict Tri- SWACH resistance during the preliminary ship design process. This work investigates the viability of using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to quickly predict total resistance for preliminary Tri-SWACH design.

An ANN was trained using total resistance experimental data obtained from model tests, which varied side hull arrangements. The results highlight strong correlation for model resistance prediction. A Tri-SWACH case study was then developed which had side hull geometric properties different to any previously used to train the ANN. The results, validated against CFD predictions, mimicked the resistance pattern generated by other model experimental data, providing confidence in the ANN’s ability to function as a resistance prediction tool.

This work demonstrates the viability of ANN to assess Tri-SWACH resistance as part of a preliminary design process. These results suggest that ANNs can be effective tools for assessing performance given relevant training data.
CHANGE OF STEEL’S YIELD STRESS OVER SHIP’S SERVICE LIFE AND ITS EFFECT ON THE FIRST YIELD HULL GIRDER BENDING MOMENT
Authors: Ivanov Lyuben D
Published: December 2021

The publication deals with the decrease of the yield and tensile stress of high tensile shipbuilding steel AH-32 over ship’s service life and its effect on the first yield bending moment as a representative of the hull girder capacity. An example is given for a sample 25K DWT (25 thousand tons deadweight) bulk carrier. The probability of failure is calculated as the probability of the total hull girder bending moment exceeding the first yield bending moment. The probabilistic distributions of yield and tensile stress are obtained from laboratory test of the specimen of AH-32 steel (corroded plates of a 20 year old ship). It is found that although the decrease of yield stress may not be great, the ￼increase of the probability of failure (i.e., the probability yield bending moment) could be substantial.
DELPHIN2: AN OVER ACTUATED AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLE FOR MANOEUVRING RESEARCH
Authors: Phillips A. B. , Steenson L , Rogers E , Turnock S. R. , Harris C , Furlong M
Published: December 2021

Delphin2 is a hover capable torpedo style Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV), developed at the University of Southampton to provide a test bed for research in marine robotics, primarily to enhance the manoeuvring capability of AUVs. This paper describes the mechanical design of the vehicle and its software architecture. The performance of the vehicle is presented as well as preliminary findings from the vehicle’s first fully autonomous video survey missions in Lough Erne, Northern Ireland. It is interesting to note that the low-cost of the vehicle and its development using a succession of MEng and PhD students has provided an excellent training environment for specialists in the growing area of marine autonomous vehicles.
CFD PREDICTION OF THE TRAJECTORY OF HOT EXHAUST FROM THE FUNNEL OF A NAVAL SHIP IN THE PRESENCE OF SHIP SUPERSTRUCTURE
Authors: Vijayakumar R , Singh S N , Seshadri V
Published: December 2021

The superstructure of a modern naval ship is fitted with multitude of sensors for electronic surveillance, weapon discharge, navigation, communication and varieties of deck handling equipment. Locating these electronic equipment/sensors and its integration on board is of paramount importance to achieve optimal operational performance of the naval vessel. Among the many problems in locating these sensors (like stability, EMC EMI etc.,), the presence of entrapped hot gases from the ship exhaust affects the functioning of these electronics. Hence the prediction of temperature profile and trajectories of the ship exhaust plume from the funnel around the superstructure during the design stage is a mandatory requirement for positioning the sensors on superstructure. This trajectory prediction is not amenable to theoretical analysis or empirical calculation procedures in the modern warship superstructure. Experimental and CFD studies conducted on ship superstructure are the only reliable tools that are available to estimate temperature field as well as to study the exhaust smoke superstructure interaction on ships. This paper presents the CFD simulation of the published results for two cases, namely hot jet in a cross flow and hot exhaust with a cross flow on a generic frigate. Simulations have been made using k-ɛ turbulence model with different values of turbulent Schmidt number. It has been observed that temperature field is predicted with reasonable accuracy with turbulent Schmidt number of 0.2.
A RAPID METHOD FOR RELIABILITY ANALYSIS OF COMPOSITE TOPHAT STIFFENED STRUCTURES USING A FIRST PRINCIPLES METHOD AND DESIGN RULES
Authors: Sobey A J , Blake J I R , Shenoi R A
Published: December 2021

Composite materials are increasingly being used within engineering, especially in low weight applications. A significant drawback that these materials exhibit is their variability. There is a growing trend towards stochastic analysis of marine structures and this is even more important for scenarios that have a high variability. To implement these new techniques it is important to be able to, rapidly and accurately, determine reliability during the design phase. Therefore, a reliability analysis, utilising a rapid implementation, has been performed on plates that have been designed using two different sets of design rules and a first principles method. The results show that whilst, under the limits investigated, the reliability of the design rules are slightly safer than those found using first principles; the sensitivity analysis shows that each of the design rules generates a different reaction from each variable, encouraging different types of structures through their idiosyncrasies. Furthermore the method shown allows a rapid analysis to be performed on complex composite structures in a relatively short time frame using either first principles methods or design rules.
EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF A PIER ON SHIP TRAJECTORIES IN CURRENTS
Authors: Luo W L , Guedes Soares C , Zou Z J
Published: December 2021

A study is presented of the effect of a pier on ship trajectories in currents. The current flow field around the pier is investigated. Experiments on ship manoeuvring and drift motion in the vicinity of a rectangular pier were carried out in a tank. Different current velocities and current angles were taken into account. The characteristics of the deviations of the ship trajectories from the initial course around the pier are investigated. Experimental findings indicate that the minimum required distance for safety navigation becomes larger with an increase of the current velocity. To obtain the details of continuous three-dimensional flow field around a pier, numerical simulation based on CFD calculations is conducted. The validity of the numerical simulation is demonstrated by comparison with experimental results.
QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT FOR COLLISIONS INVOLVING DOUBLE HULL OIL TANKERS
Authors: Youssef S A M , Ince S T , Kim Y S , Paik J K , Chang F , Kim M S
Published: December 2021

In recent decades, the safety of ships at sea has become a major concern of the global maritime industries. Ships are rarely subject to severe accidents during their life cycle. Collision is one of the most hazardous accidents, with potentially serious consequences such as the loss of human life, structural damage and environmental damage, especially if large tankers, LNG and/or nuclear-powered vessels are involved. This study presents a Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) for double hull oil tankers that have collided with different types of ships. The methodology used to perform the QRA is based on the International Maritime Organization’s (IMO) definition of a Formal Safety Assessment (FSA). Using probabilistic approaches, ship-ship collision scenarios are randomly selected to create a representative sample of all possible scenarios. The collision frequency is then calculated for each scenario. As this is a virtual experiment, the LS-DYNA nonlinear finite element method (NLFEM) is used to predict the structural consequences of each scenario selected. In addition, the environmental consequences are estimated by calculating the size of each scenario’s oil spill. To assess the economic consequences, the property and environmental damages are calculated in terms of monetary units. The total risk is then calculated as the sum of the resultant structural and environmental damages. Exceedance curves are established that can be used to define the collision design loads in association with various design criteria.
A REVIEW OF PRACTICAL METHODS FOR REDUCING UNDERWATER NOISE POLLUTION FROM LARGE COMMERCIAL VESSELS
Authors: Leaper R C , Renilson M R
Published: December 2021

The paper provides an interesting and rather complete overview of the reasons for reducing shipping noise and the possible ways to achieve this. It is in particular interesting to note that the majority of noise impact is probably caused by the noisiest 10% of ships, and that the ambient noise level in the oceans increased by around 20 dB compared to pre-industrial conditions.
STEPPING RESPONSE DURING CONSTRAINED AND UNCONSTRAINED STANDING IN MOVING ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: Duncan C A , Albert W J , Langlois R G , MacKinnon S N
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in human stepping response reaction between constrained and unconstrained standing while being exposed to simulated wave-induced platform motions. Twenty subjects (10 male and 10 female), with limited experience recreating or working in motion-rich environments, performed a constrained and an unconstrained standing task on a six-degrees-of-freedom motion bed while being exposed to two different simulated platform motion conditions. Stepping occurrence was greater during unconstrained standing than constrained standing during all three motion conditions. However, no significant differences in platform kinematics were found between stepping cases. These results suggest that stepping occurs more frequently than originally hypothesized. As such, stepping should not be considered as a last resource when all fixed-support options have been exhausted. This should be taken into consideration to ensure ecological validity when developing models to predict stepping occurrence.
PHOTOGRAMMETRY MEASUREMENTS OF INITIAL IMPERFECTIONS FOR THE ULTIMATE STRENGTH ASSESSMENT OF PLATES
Authors: Cubells A , Garbatov Y , Guedes Soares C
Published: December 2021

The objective of the present study is to develop a new approach to model the initial geometrical imperfections of ship plates by using Photogrammetry. Based on images, Photogrammetry is able to take measurements of the distortions of plates and to catch the dominant surface shape, including the deformations of the edges. Having this data, it is possible to generate faithful models of plate surface based on third order polynomial functions. Finally, the maximum load- carrying capacity of the plates is analysed by performing a nonlinear finite element analysis using a commercial finite element code. Three un-stiffened and four stiffened plates have been modelled and analysed. For each plate, two initial imperfection models have been generated one, based on photogrammetric measurements and the other, based on the trigonometric Fourier functions. Both models are subjected to the same uniaxial compressive load and boundary conditions in order to study the ultimate strength.
A NUMERICAL SIMULATION INVESTIGATION OF THE HYDRODYNAMIC MOTIONS OF A SHIP ADVANCING IN WAVES
Authors: Lo D C , Su D T , Lin J T
Published: December 2021

This study establishes a relationship diagram of the ship-wave interaction under a ship advancing in waves. A finite difference method based on volume of fluid (VOF) principles was used to simulate the hydrodynamic motions of a ship advancing in waves. A ship model was constructed using a computer aided design (CAD) tool. The computational fluid dynamic (CFD) technique was used to calculate the hydrodynamic motions effect of a ship sailing in waves at varying angles of incidence. This study investigates a number of significant related parameters, such as the speed of the ship model, the various wave incidence angles, the wave height, and the navigation time. A chart is also used to show the flow field, and changes in the six degrees of freedom motion and continually compare changes in the drag force.
Psychological Consequences of Coronavirus 2019 Pandemic in Fibromyalgia Patients: A Systematic Review Study
Authors: Bagheri Sheykhangafshe Farzin , Farahani Hojjatollah , Azadfallah Parviz
Published: December 2021

Context: Fibromyalgia is a debilitating syndrome characterized by scattered and multifaceted musculoskeletal pain, the presence of multiple and unstable points sensitive to pain, sleep disturbance, fatigue, and muscle inflexibility, which were damaged during mental health by the COVID-19 pandemic. In this regard, the present review study was conducted to investigate the psychological consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in patients with fibromyalgia. Data Sources: In this review study, published articles on the psychological consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in fibromyalgia patients in 2020 (February) and 2021 (July) were reviewed. To access relevant scientific documents, the keywords COVID-19, Chronic Pain, Fibromyalgia, Mental Health, Chronic Illness, and Psychological Anxiety in the titles and abstracts of articles published in reputable international scientific databases, such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, EMBASE, and PsycINFO, were searched and all related English-language articles were listed. Results: The studies showed that patients with fibromyalgia had high levels of depression, anxiety, stress, and fear during the COVID-19 pandemic. Variables such as age, gender, low level of education, sleep quality, marital status, financial status, and loneliness were associated with psychological distress and the exacerbation of symptoms in fibromyalgia patients. In contrast, social support and the use of effective coping strategies led to improved quality of life and mental health of patients. Conclusions: According to the results of studies, patients with chronic pain, including fibromyalgia patients during the COVID-19 pandemic, experienced problems in mental health, quality of life, social relationships, and sleep quality, which caused recurrence of the disease and increased anxiety and depression in them.
Brucellosis in Herat Province, Afghanistan: Epidemiological Status and Risk Factors
Authors: Abedi Farshid , Salguqie Frozan , Alemzadeh Effat
Published: December 2021

Background: Human brucellosis, also known as Malta fever, is an acute systemic zoonotic disease in several parts of the world. The most pathogenic Brucella specie is Brucella melitensis that occurs in the human population of all age groups and of both sexes. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate human Brucella infection in Afghanistan. Methods: The participants in this cross-sectional study were 44 patients diagnosed with Brucella infection during eight months and confirmed using Wright test by physicians of Iran Clinic Hospital. For data analysis, a statistical model was used through SPSS. Results: The most affected patients were female housewives (40.9%) and students (18.18%). The most frequent clinical manifestations were recurrent attacks of fever (95.34%), weight loss (81.39%), loss of appetite (79.06%), musculoskeletal pain (69.76%), boredom (67.44%), and lethargy (60.46%). A total of 41 (93.18%) patients mentioned the consumption of unpasteurized milk as the source of infection. Conclusions: The study results revealed that the main route of Brucella transmission in Afghanistan is the consumption of contaminated dairy products. The highest prevalence of brucellosis was observed among the young and middle-aged populations and housewives.
Insights into Background of Microbial Aggregations (Acinetobacter baumannii): A Century of Challenges
Authors: Shakib Nafiseh Hosseinzadeh , Motamedifar Mohammad , Sadeghi Asl Yeganeh
Published: December 2021

: In recent years, Acinetobacter baumannii has attracted the research community’s attention since they are turned into the leading cause of both community- and hospital-acquired infections. The emergence of MDR-A. baumannii strains threatens hospitalized patients since antibiotics fail to withdraw the bacterial infectious agents. Despite its worldwide distribution, health settings fail to combat limitations in therapeutic regions against A. baumannii. The capability of biofilm formation in A. baumannii strengthens their virulence and also survival. Understanding the fundamental virulence mechanisms beyond the microbial aggregations leads to exploring alternative drug targets such as signaling molecules and Quorum sensing systems to block bacterial communication and antimicrobial resistance. The significance of examining the biofilm's structural details and the relationship between Quorum sensing networks and related signaling molecules has been explicitly highlighted. Accordingly, this review study aimed to explain the general biofilm structure, the mechanisms beyond biofilm formation, quorum sensing system, and the generation of signaling molecules in A. baumannii.
Duas historiadoras e dois historiadores: o passado disciplinar romântico da historiografia brasileira nos anos 1970
Authors: Freire Diego José Fernandes
Published: December 2021

Objetiva-se analisar a construção de um passado disciplinar arquitetado por duas historiadoras da Universidade de São Paulo, Maria Odila Leite da Silva Dias e Maria de Lourdes Monaco Janotti. No início dos anos 1970, as duas acadêmicas escreveram suas teses de doutorado nas quais mobilizaram um passado oitocentista para temporalizar a historiografia brasileira, de modo que tais trabalhos serão aqui tomados como fontes de investigação. Como ocorreu essa temporalização pretérita? Partindo desta questão e analisando em conjunto aquelas duas produções, discute-se uma nacionalização e uma disciplinarização do passado da historiografia brasileira, destacando algumas questões de gênero relacionadas não só a estes dois pontos, como também no que toca a trajetória profissional das historiadoras.
Palavras-chave: historiografia brasileira; anos 1970; passado disciplinar.
Hvordan integreres teknologiforståelse i dansk?
Authors: Slot Marie Falkesgaard , Lorentzen Rasmus Fink , Hansen Thomas Illum
Published: December 2021

Artiklen undersøger med udgangspunkt i det igangværende Forsøg med teknologiforståelse (UVM, 2018-2021), hvordan forsøget på at integrere teknologiforståelse i dansk rammesættes i styredokumenter (Fælles Mål, læseplan og undervisningsvejledning) og didaktiseres i udvalgte undervisningsforløb. Det empiriske grundlag for artiklen er dokumentstudier af læreplaner og forløb. På et generelt niveau konkluderer undersøgelsen, at udfordringerne med at integrere dansk og teknologiforståelse hænger sammen med forskelle i såvel fagforståelser og begrebsbrug som i fagenes metoder og praksis. På et konkret niveau undersøges det via analyser af læreplaner og udvalgte forløb, hvordan danskfagets tekstbegreb og analysemetoder udfordres, når man bl.a. analyserer robotter som tekster, forsøger at navigere mellem forskellige måder at begrebsliggøre digital dannelse og myndiggørelse på samt beskæftiger sig med meget basale betingelser for produktion, brug og udveksling af data som del af en digital kommunikation.
Technology in the technology subject
Authors: Møller Jeppesen Mette , Henriksen Lars Bo
Published: December 2021

The Danish higher technical examination programme (HTX) is the only high school program in Denmark that specialises in technology and engineering. Central to the HTX curriculum are the profile subjects; technology and technical science. In this article, we take a closer look at these subjects, or more precisely, we examine the concept of technology embedded within them. The ministerial order regarding the subjects places the concept of technology within the ‘technology model’. We will examine the background for the model, its potential and limitations and the model's place in teaching through empirical findings from fieldwork in order to examine whether the technology model lives up to its described purpose. Overall, it can be argued that the model works but it can also be argued that the teachers should be aware of the model’s shortcomings and discuss these with students, so they obtain a more dynamic and dialectical understanding of technology.
Uoverensstemmende overensstemmelse
Authors: Dau Susanne , Hachmann Roland , Sehested Malte von
Published: December 2021

Teknologiforståelse i folkeskolen har delvist bestået af faglige udvik-leres udarbejdelse af faglige prototyper. Der har i forsøget ikke været undersøgt, hvilke epistemologiske og fagdidaktiske perspektiver disse prototypers forløbsbeskrivelser repræsenterer, hvorfor dette vil være artiklens afsæt. Artiklens undersøgelsesspørgsmål er: Hvilke epistemologiske og fagdidaktiske forståelser kan identificeres i udvalgte forløbsbeskrivelser rettet mod teknologiforståelsesfaglighed som selvstændig faglighed, og hvordan kommer disse til udtryk? Metodisk udvælges narrativer fra ind- til udskoling på bag-grund af en strukturel analyse. Den narrative fortolkning tager afsæt i Ricoeurs kritisk-hermeneutiske fortolkningsramme og består af en konﬁguration (mimesis 2) af de udvalgte præﬁgurerede (mimesis 1) narrativer. Tekststykker og plots identificeres og fortolkes med udgangspunkt undersøgelsesspørgsmålet. Fortolkningerne henter forklaringselementer fra styredokumenter og fokusgruppeinterviews med tekstforfattere af forløbsbeskrivelser sammenholdt med ele-menter fra den præsenterede teoretiske ramme. På baggrund af den konfigurative fortolkning diskuteres resultaternes skolefagsdidaktiske implikationer.
Teknologiforståelse på læreruddannelsen
Authors: Andersen Bjarke Lindsø , Nielsen Lone , Rehder Mads Middelboe , Andersen Lars Bo , Hjorth Mikkel , Jepsen Kaj Nedergaard , Petersen Niels Anders  Illemann
Published: December 2021

Artiklen tager afsæt i det tiltagende behov for kompetenceudvikling i teknologiforståelse på læreruddannelsen, og undersøger hvilke kultu-relle forudsætninger der er for kompetenceudvikling og faglige møder mellem teknologiforståelsesfagligheden og eksisterende undervis-nings- og grundfag, eksempliﬁceret ved hhv. dansk samt pædagogik og lærerfaglighed. Analysen beror på interviews med i alt 46 lærer-uddannere fra alle landets professionshøjskoler. Vi viser, hvordan forholdet mellem teknologiforståelse og eksisterende fagligheder både kan tage form som integrering, assimilering og separering, samt hvilke konsekvenser og implikationer der gør sig gældende i hvert tilfælde. Teoretisk trækker artiklen på metaforer fra akkulturationsteorien og eksempliﬁcerer og diskuterer konsekvenser ved faglig separation, assimilation og integration. Undersøgelsen er foretaget under sektor-projektet ‘Kompetenceløft for teknologiforståelse på Læreruddan-nelsen’ ﬁnansieret af Uddannelses- og Forskningsministeriet, som arbejder med udvikling af en bæredygtig model for gennemførsel af sammenhængende, dyb og praksisforandrende kompetenceudvikling af undervisere på læreruddannelsen.
Virksomhedsformer og teknologibegreber fra læseplan til praksis i og på tværs af tre fag
Authors: Nielsen Lone , Larsen Dorte Moeskær , Krossá Helle Kruse , Petersen Morten Rask
Published: December 2021

Formålet med denne artikel er at se på, hvorledes teknologiforståelse kommer til udtryk som en integreret del af fag både i styredokumenter for forsøgsfagligheden og i praksis gennem et multiple case studie, med fokus på fagene dansk, matematik og natur/teknologi i folkesko-lens mellemtrin. Casestudierne er lavet inden for rammen af et større projekt kaldet Børnene i robotbyen. Hver case indeholder undersøgel-ser af, hvorledes styredokumenter lægger op til arbejdet med teknolo-giforståelse integreret i fagene, og hvilket teknologiforståelsesbegreb der anvendes samt empiriske undersøgelser af, hvorledes dette ser ud i praksis. Resultaterne viser, at der i styredokumenter er en forholds-vis snæver og analytisk tilgang til teknologiforståelse, mens praksis er mere nuanceret. Dette diskuteres i forhold til og på tværs af de enkelte fag.
Teknologiforståelse for alle?
Authors: Riis Marianne , Hansen Jens Jørgen , Holmboe Peter
Published: December 2021

Erhvervsinformatik er et nyt grundfag, der er målrettet erhvervsskole-elevers behov for udvikling af teknologiforståelse. Forskning i erhvervsuddannelsers forståelse og anvendelse af (digital) teknologi er yderst sparsom i Danmark. Formålet med denne artikel er at under-søge undervisningsfaget Erhvervsinformatik i forhold til, hvordan fag-et tilgodeser erhvervsuddannelsernes særkende og de intentioner, der er med faget for på denne måde at bidrage med ny viden til feltet. Me-todisk baserer artiklen sig på en fagdidaktisk analyse af fagets lære-planer, der er analyseret i forhold til fagets identitet, indhold og intenderede praksis. Gennem analyserne viser vi, at Erhvervsinfor-matik tager højde for erhvervsuddannelsernes særkende og lever op til de intentioner, der er med faget i denne kontekst, men vi ﬁnder også anledning til at problematisere en række forhold. Afslutningsvist peger vi på behov for yderligere empirisk forskning med henblik på at opnå en dybere forståelse af undervisningsfaget Erhvervsinformatik, og måden hvorpå det realiseres i praksis.
Teknologiforståelse - en sammenhængende faglighed
Authors: Slot Marie Falkesgaard , Hachmann Roland , Hjorth Mikkel , Von Sehested Malte
Published: December 2021

Artiklen undersøger med udgangspunkt i 110 prototypeforløb fra Forsøg med teknologiforståelse i Folkeskolen om der er udviklet en sammenhængende faglighed og identiﬁcerer herunder sammenhænge og brudﬂader mellem ﬁre kompetenceområder i teknologiforståelse som et selvstændigt fag og som integreret i eksisterende skolefag. Undersøgelsen baseres på systematiske optællinger af didaktiske kategorier, der er knyttet til de 110. Dokumentstudiets tre hovedkonklusioner er 1) at det er vanskeligt at skabe en ny faglighed i eksisterende fag, stærk nok til, at udvikle et fagsprog og en integreret fagdidaktik 2) at prototyperne har skabt grobund for sammenhænge mellem de ﬁre kompetenceområder, men at udvælgelsen af indhold, som kan føre til almen dannelse ikke er udviklet, 3) at det nye fag og faglighed ikke kan udpeges som et STEM-fag, men at der ses konjunkturerne af et multidisciplinært fag, med naturvidenskabsfaglige, samfundsfaglige og humanistiske elementer, dog uden de centrale grundskolefaglige tilgange til især det computationelle fagområde.
"Har I Robotter til at male for jer?"
Authors: Buhl Mie , Skov Kirsten
Published: December 2021

Artiklen undersøger teknologiforståelses fagfornyende potentiale i billedkunstfaget, og hvordan en egentlig fagintegration er mulig. Undersøgelsen rammesættes af aktuel billed- og visuel kulturpæda-gogisk forskning, mens undersøgelsens analytiske perspektiv trækker på sociomateriel teori, som bidrager til at skubbe til traditionelle di-kotomier om mennesket som den handlende og teknologien som objekt for handlinger. Undersøgelsens empiriske materiale er seks didaktiske prototyper, som blev udviklet i det nationale Tekforsøg (2019-2021) rammesat af teknologiforståelsesfagets viden- og færdig-hedsmål om programmering i billedkunst for indskolingen. Analysen af prototyperne peger på nye æstetiske udtrykskvaliteter, som kan være potentielt fagfornyende. Artiklen argumenterer for, at en poten-tiel fagintegration alene vil kunne ske i det omfang, at programmering knyttes til computationel tænkning og digital myndiggørelse. Derved kan formålene bag både billedkunstfaglighed og teknologiforståelses-faglighed bidrage til skolens demokratiske formål imødekommes.
Krydsende teknologiforståelser i teori og praksis
Authors: Andersen Lars Bo
Published: December 2021

Der er mange forskellige faglige forståelser af teknologi i og omkring faget teknologiforståelse. Og den faglige diversitet risikerer at udfordre fagets sammenhængskraft. Denne artikel undersøger, hvordan henholdsvis en repræsentativ og en performativ ontologi giver for-skellige handlemuligheder i forhold til de forskellige perspektiver på teknologi. Med udgangspunkt i studier af videnskab og teknologi (STS) er det overordnede argument, at hvor en repræsentativ ontologi indby-der til et nulsumsspil mellem forståelser, der tillader en performativ ontologi i modsætning hertil at eksplicitere ordet teknologiforståelse som et fagligt begreb for den måde, hvorpå en given forståelse kommer til udtryk i en algoritme, brugspraksis, designproces, osv. Begrebet om enactment foreslås i den forbindelse som en måde at indfange forskel-lige teknologiforståelser, der både kan didaktiseres til undervisning i skolen og medvirke til udvikling af lærerfaglig teknologiforståelse på læreruddannelsen. Afslutningsvis diskuterer artiklen, hvordan faglige sammenblandinger og ﬂydende faggrænser kan danne udgangspunkt for en fremtidig fagdidaktik.
Architectural heritage of Eastern Russian railways
Authors: Glatolenkova Ekaterina , Ivanova Alina Pavlovna
Published: December 2021

This article covers the topic of museumification of railway architecture along the eastern sections of the former Great Siberian Railway located in the Russian Far East and Northeast China. Currently this is the lines of the Far Eastern Railway (part of Trans-Siberian Railway) and the Chinese lines of Binzhou and Binhai. Analysis is conducted on the museum objects that are diverse in their origin, but belonged to the large-scale railway construction of the late XIX – early XX centuries and played a significant role in the development of scarcely populated regions: 1) placed in former locomotive depots that are no longer used as intended; 2) new models based upon former passenger terminal buildings. The article reviews the experience of museumification of railway architecture not only in the Russian cities, but also the works of Chinese colleagues, employees of the center for conservation of Russian heritage in Harbin, on projects of which were reconstructed dozens of railway objects –along the former Chinese Eastern Railway. The authors believe it is important in light of the study of the problems of conservation of similar objects in the territory of Russia (Khabarovsk – Vladivostok, Ussuriysk – Grodekovo, etc.). A brief overview is given to utilization of the objects of railway architecture in the Russian Far East  (Khabarovsk, Vyazemsky) and People’s Republic of China (Harbin, Manchuria, Handaohezi, Buhedu, and Anyang). The article also describes the projects aimed preservation of the regional heritage of the turn of centuries, carried out by the students of Pacific National University in Khabarovsk.
Review of case law on notification of tax authorities on the controlled foreign companies
Authors: Melnikova Aleksandra
Published: December 2021

This article is dedicated to revelation and analysis of the gaps in legal regulation of profit taxation of controlled foreign companies (CFC) and notification of tax authorities on the controlled foreign companies via examining the available case law. The author determines six types of legal disputes that arise in the context of submission of participation notices in CFC, as well as CFC notices. Analysis is conducted on the methods of elimination of gaps in legislation of the Russian Federation on controlled foreign companies by introduction of point amendments to the current legislation on CFC. Settlement of legal disputes over interpretation of the Paragraph 7.1 of the Article 309.1 and Subparagraph 2 of the Paragraph 1 of the Article 25.13-1 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation requires supplementing the Article 25.14 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation with the Paragraph 3.2 of the following content: “The obligation on submitting the CFC notice does not depend on the financial results of CFC. The existence of tax exemption does not relieve of the duty to provide CFC notice”. The disputes often arise when the taxpayers default the submission period, and after receiving a request from the inspectorate, provide data for not only the companies listed in the request, but other companies as well. For avoiding any related disputes, it is recommended to supplement the Paragraph 2 of the Article 25.14 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation with the following content: “A revised notice cannot be submitted with regards to CFC, the information on which was not provided in the initial notice”. In order to minimize the actions of inspectorate “with unacceptable formalism”, it is recommended to supplement the Article 129.6 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation with the Paragraph 3 of the following content: “Submission of incomplete information or information containing technical or orthographic errors, which do not obstruct the identification of foreign company, are not considered a tax crime”.
The strategy of spatial development of inland water transport of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) in the current context
Authors: Egorova Tatiana , Delakhova Anna Mikhailovna
Published: December 2021

This article is prepared the framework of comprehensive analysis of the current state of transport and logistics system of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). Historically, water transport is the core element of the transport complex in the republic, which handles bulk cargo of interregional exchange to provide population with vital goods, and maintains the functionality of regional economy. Life sustenance of the Arctic zone and conduct of economic activity in the entire territory of the republic depends on the effective operation of inland water transport. The goal of this research lies in the analysis of the key components and objects of inland water transport in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia), as well as determination of the strategic directions of its development in changing conditions. The conducted analysis of the river basin of water transport in Yakutia, the state of infrastructure, and the age composition of transport fleet reveals the major problems of functionality of the water transport in the region. Improvement of the efficiency of inland water transport should be examined from the perspective of increasing the competitiveness of enterprises through implementation of the logistics approach towards rendering services and transportation management. The author comprehensively analyzes and assesses the cargo flows of inland water transport of the Sakha Republic and changes in the logistics of northern freight in the region. Research methodology leans on the general scientific methods of synthesis, generalization, systemic approach, and economic-statistical analysis.
On legal succession in reconciliation of criminal cases of private prosecution
Authors: Batchaeva Aminat Alkhazovna
Published: December 2021

The subject of this research is the criminal prosecution of cases established by the Part 2 of the Article 20 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, which is carried out in private capacity and significantly modifies the rights and responsibilities of the parties to criminal proceedings. Pursuant to the general rule, the state authorities and officials do not carry out private prosecution cases. In view of this, close attention is given the procedural activity of private prosecutor, who is vested the right in application of measures of state coercion, but entrusted with responsibility on formulating, proving, and pressing charges in court. Retrospective analysis of the Russian criminal procedure legislation reveals that modern legislation has no legal succession of the centuries-long experience of classifying a range of offences as cases of private prosecution. The author believes that the list of cases of private prosecution can be extended by taking into account the provisions of the Criminal Law and Practice Statute 1864, Regulations of Punishments Imposed by Justices of the Peace, which enables reconciliation of the parties and entails unconditional termination of proceedings in certain categories of minor offences. This would ensure the effective implementation of criminal proceedings, restoration of social and legal justice, and accessibility of justice to general public.
Vector of development of international legal regulation in the sphere of public-private partnership
Authors: Maslova Svetlana Valentinovna
Published: December 2021

The subject of this research is the prospects for the development of international legal regulation of public-private partnership. The question is raised on the diminishing role of the state in regulation of international and transboundary relations in the sphere of public-private partnership. The author indicates a quite noticeable replacement of traditional regulatory processes, the key role in which is played by the states, with informal processes of international rule-making, in which the lead is taken by non-state actors. It is substantiated that the absence of international convention on public-private partnership negatively affects the regulation of relations in the sphere of public-private partnership. Leaning on the domestic and foreign scientific literature, the author outlines the vector of development of international law in the sphere of public-private partnership, as well as substantiates the need for adopting the international framework convention on public-private partnership. Analysis is conducted on the special forms of interaction between international law and national law in the sphere of public-private partnership, as well as on correlation between international law and non-legal regulators of public-private partnership. The article describes the key aspects of the content of the international framework convention on public-private partnership. The novelty of consists in establishment of the vector of development of international legal regulation of public-private partnership. Based on the “clash” of private law and public law approaches towards regulation of international investment relations, the author substantiates the comprehensive approach towards regulation of public-private partnership.