bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Machining Parameters in Rotary EDM Process Using Copper Tungsten Electrode
Authors: Chandramouli Suddala , Eswaraiah Kesha
Published: November 2015

Electrical Discharge Machining is a thermo-electric process and one of the advanced methods of machining. Most publications on the EDM process are directed towards non-rotational tools, but rotation of the tool provides a good flushing in the machining zone. In this study, the optimal setting of the process parameters on Rotary Electric Discharge machining (REDM) was determined. The important process parameters that have been selected are peak current, pulse on time, pulse off time and rotational speed of tool with output response as Material Removal Rate (MRR).Taguchi experimental design (L27 orthogonal array) was used to formulate the experimental layout and experiments were conducted on Hardened stainless steel machined with copper tungsten electrode. ANOVA method was used with the help of MINITAB 17 software to analysis the influence of input process parameters on the MRR using Rotary Electric Discharge Machining. The input parameters were optimized in order to obtain maximum MRR, The results of the present work revealed that proper selection of input parameters will play a significant role on MRR.
Optimization of Machining Parameters of Valve Steel SUH03 (X45CrSiMo10-2) Using Gray Based Taguchi Method
Authors: Yazhini B. , Rajeswari S. , Sivasakthivel
Published: November 2015

This paper embarks the machining parameters of Turning by optimization using Taguchi’s approach. The optimization is very essential in order to obtain the expected surface quality. The results of cutting parameters of optimization is seen in the Surface Roughness, Tool wear and MRR of the material. The L18 Orthogonal array has been chosen for the optimization of Valve Steel SUH03.The uncoated carbide inserts were used and the four parameters Speed, Feed, Depth of Cut and Nose Radius has been taken as input parameters. The Signal to Noise ratio and Analysis of Variance software has been analyzed using Minitab software through which the optimal cutting parameters of the best surface roughness, tool wear and MRR has been obtained. The final results have been compared by the Gray relational analysis to find the optimum machining conditions of all the parameters.
Review of Composite Machining and Related Optimization Techniques
Authors: Thamizharasan M.M. , Nithiya Sandhiya Y.J. , Sekar K.S. Vijay
Published: November 2015

This paper provides an inclusive review of literature, mostly from the past decade, on optimization techniques of composite materials machining, both conventional and non-conventional process. Composite materials are continually replacing conventional materials due to their excellent corrosion resistance, higher strength to weight ratio, but the machining of composites is a challenging process. Experimental trials notwithstanding, researchers have also used various optimization techniques such as Taguchi method, Genetic Algorithm, Simulated Algorithm, Response Surface Method, and Fuzzy Logic with ANOVA etc., to identify the optimal parameters for the machining processes. Also predictive modeling techniques such as Artificial Neural Networks and Finite Element Methods have also been employed as an optimization tools for studying the composite machining process. It was found that Taguchi method is the most preferred technique in the optimization studies.
Effect of Nano TiO2/Clay on the Erosive Wear Behavior of Basalt-Epoxy Hybrid Composites at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Mahesha C.R. , Shivarudraiah  , Rajesh Chandra C. , Suprabha R.
Published: November 2015

Materials added to the matrix help improving operating properties of a composite. In the last few years, nanofiller /polymer composite have been widely investigated because of their outstanding multifunctional properties. In order to improve the erosive wear resistance of composite, an attempt was made to use nanoTiO2 and nanoclay as filler for the basalt reinforced epoxy composite (BE). The impact velocity, filler concentration and temperature are the parameters used for the study. The composites were fabricated using vacuum assisted resin infusion technique (VARI) technique. The fabricated composite specimens were tested by using erosive wear test rig as per ASTM G76 under normal incidence. The result shows that the erosion rate increases with increase in temperature and impact velocity. However, nanoTiO2-filled BE composite exhibits lower erosion rate as compared to Nanoclay filled and unfilled composite. The morphology of eroded surfaces was examined by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Multiple Performance Characteristics Optimization for AA8011 on Friction Stir Welding by RSM Based DEA
Authors: Palani K. , Elanchezhian C.
Published: November 2015

In this investigation, the optimization of the multiple responses of Vickers hardness, Impact strength with notched and Un-notched conditions of the process parameters of rotational speed, tool tilt angle and feed rate with the straight cam profiled tool is considered. The three factors, five level rotatable central composite design are selected to optimize the responses of friction stir welded AA 8011 aluminium alloys. The highest relative efficiency is found using the data envelopment analysis to predict the optimum parameters. It reveals that at the rotational speed of 680 RPM, the tool tilt angle of 85 degrees and the feed rate of 24 mm/min the good weld quality can be achieved.
Weld Properties of Low Carbon Steel Using Shielded Metal Arc Welding
Authors: Singh Amandeep , Grover Neel Kanth
Published: November 2015

Welding is basic part of the most modern assembly and manufacturing operations. Shielded metal Arc Welding process has hard facing and fabrication job application due to low cost electrode, increasing alloy transfer efficiency and low dilution with substrate without losing production capacity. SMAW electrode is coated with metal mixture called flux, which on decompose produce gases to restrict weld contamination, generating deoxidizers to disinfect the weld. The choice of electrode for SMAW lies on a number of factors, like weld material, welding direction and the preferred weld properties. The present paper investigate the microstructure and hardness properties of the Low carbon steel pipe welded using shielded metal arc welding with different electrode combinations.
Analysis of Surface Roughness in Drilling of Fly Ash Filled Carbon Fibre Reinforced Composites
Authors: Rajmohan T. , Mohan K. , Mahalingam Venkatraman , Bajpai Satendra Kumar
Published: November 2015

Carbon fibre reinforced plastic (CFRP) composite materials has unique mechanical and functional properties due to the combination of its constituent materials that possesses desirable properties. The present paper focuses on analysis of surface roughness in drilling of fly ash filled carbon fibre reinforced composites produced through compression moulding route. Experiments are conducted on a radial drilling machine using Taguchi’s experimental design. Drilling test is carried out using coated HSS drill of 6 and 10 mm diameter. The effect of drill diameter, wt % of fly ash, spindle speed and the feed rate are investigated on surface roughness. The relative significance of the various parameters has been found using ANOVA.
An Innovation into Reuse of Risers for Energy Conservation in Metal Casting
Authors: Selvaraj J. , Sai Dileep Koneru , Thenarasu M. , Vinayak M.
Published: November 2015

In conventional casting, the riser is separated from the casting and remelted for further use. If the riser can be configured to house a product, it can save energy for separately melting in making that product. In present work the separated riser is used as a raw material for another product without subjecting it to melting. A green sand mould consisting of a cubical pattern and LM 4 grade aluminium metal were used for the experiment. The riser used was designed to embody a cylindrical rod of 3.5 cm diameter. For the product given out by the riser used in this research energy saving to the tune of 23.5 % could be achieved. If this is extended to annual production of 98,593,122 tons of castings in the world, the cumulative energy savings amount to 17840 GWh, minimizing 7671200000 tons of CO2 per year. Hence such innovations can be explored more deeply for industrial implementation.
Effect of Current and Deep Cryogenic Treated EDM Electrodes on Surface Roughness of AISI D3 Steel
Authors: Sharma Ajay , Grover Neel Kanth , Singh Amandeep
Published: November 2015

The paper present the effect of current flow and Deep Cryogenic Treatment (DCT) on the Surface Roughness (SR) of AISI D3 steel machined using EDM. The EDM tool is modified using deep cryogenic treatment to obtain positive results. Cryogenic treatment is a add on process over conventional heat treatment processes which converts retained austenite to martensite along with formation of nano sized carbide. The treatment enhance the properties of materials like wear resistance, hardness, dimensional stability, thermal conductivity and tool consumption rate which are recognized as a important factors in industries. The results show that increase in current level enhance the surface roughness, while deep cryogenic treated electrodes produces less surface roughness as compared to that of non-cryogenic treated electrodes.
Examination on Surface Roughness in EDM of Aluminium 6061 Reinforced with 5% SiC Using Design Experiments
Authors: Bharanikumar S. , Arul S.
Published: November 2015

This paper presents a prediction and evaluation of surface roughness based on Taguchi’s method and the analysis of variance (ANOVA). The experiments were conducted on aluminium 6061 reinforced with 5% SiC to study the surface roughness under various cutting conditions. The objective was to establish a correlation between current, pulse on time flushing pressure with the surface roughness in the metal matrix composite (MMC). The correlation was obtained by multi-variable linear regression and compared with the experimental results.
Investigation of Friction Using Non-Newtonian Lubricant Model in Hydrostatic Extrusion of Tungsten Alloy
Authors: Tomar Pankaj
Published: November 2015

Friction at die/billet interface is a complex phenomenon affected by various operating and process parameters in metal forming industries. In presence of lubricating layer at the interfacial contact friction effect is reduced and enhances tool life and surface quality of product. The lubricant viscosity is strongly dependent on pressure and temperature during deformation of hard material and an accurate prediction of lubricants viscosity leads to realistic results in the work zone. Therefore, the paper incorporates numerical simulation of friction at the die/billet interface in hydrostatic extrusion of tungsten alloy 93W for three different lubricants whose rheology is represented by a Non-Newtonian friction model. The billet heating effect is incorporated in the investigation and results show that the co-efficient of friction varies in a range (0.058 to 0.062) along the work zone for various lubricating conditions in hydrostatic extrusion process.
Numerical Simulation of Al 6062 Alloy Deformation Behavior Using Equal Channel Angular Extrusion Process with Different Die Angles
Authors: Lavanya Aitha , Janaki Ramulu Perumalla , Sreekanth Kumar G. , Ramya Sree P. , Battacharya Sirish , Guptha Daya Sindhu
Published: November 2015

The equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) is one of the most important methods used for bulk metal forming. In which die angles are the most importent parameter. This paper attempts to determine the effect of different die angles during ECAE process for 6062 aluminum alloy deformation. Numerical simulations are performed for ECAE process on cylindrical billet of 6062 aluminum alloy at a constant frictional coefficient (μ) of 0.08 and punch speed of 15 mm/sec. Die has made with inner corner angles of (φ) =105°, 115°, 125°and 135° by fixing the outer corner angle (ψ) of 6°, punch is designed with a radii (R) of 4.75mm and height of 50mm. From the simulation results, tha data has been obtained in the form of load stroke behavior, and energy consumend during the punch stoke. It is observed that the maximum load and more energy consumption during the process is noted for lower angle.
Performance Evaluation of Cryogenically Treated Tungsten Carbide Insert on Face Milling of Grey Cast Iron
Authors: Padmakumar Muthuswamy , Dinakaran D. , Ravikumar Solomon G. , Sekar K.S. Vijay
Published: November 2015

The objective of this study is to evaluate the wear progression of cryogenically treated and untreated tungsten carbide inserts during face milling of Grey Cast Iron which is a commonly used material in machine tool beds and automotive components due to low cost, high vibration damping capability, and easiness of manufacturing. Commercially available uncoated Tungsten Carbide insert with around 6% Cobalt (Co) content were selected for the study and flank wear and nose wear were taken as the performance evaluation criteria. The results show that the cryogenically treated samples have better wear resistance than the untreated inserts which could be ascribed to the martensitic phase transformation of Co from α-Co (FCC) to ε-Co (HCP) during the cryogenic treatment.
Performance Test of Cryogenically Treated and Coated Tungsten Carbide Cutting Inserts
Authors: Deepthi Y.P. , Marimuthu K. Prakash , Ravi Kiran K. Raghavendra
Published: November 2015

Production cost is dependent on the life of the Tool. Because of enormous heat generation during the material removal process, life of the tool decreases. Tool life will be enhanced by cryogenic treatment which minimises the temperature at tool tip interface. Taguchi technique was employed to get optimum number of experiments for turning white cast iron after the cryogenic treatment and before cryogenic treatment. The correlation between four main factors such as speed, feed, depth of cut, tool condition and responses such as surface roughness, tool tip temperature were analysed. Mathematical model was formulated for tool tip temperature, and surface roughness. The error for the mathematically formulated model was observed to be less than 5%.The present work indicates that cryogenically treated tool have better surface finish . From the anova analysis it is inferred that tool tip temperature and surface roughness substantially reduced while using cryogenically treated tool. It was observed that cutting forces was more influenced by cutting speed of the tool followed by tool condition. Hardness of the tool insert showed improvement because of coatings.
Process Optimization for Pore Defect in Casting – A Review
Authors: Kannan P. , Balasubramanian K , Rajeswari N.
Published: November 2015

The most common and serious defect in casting is porosity, which is the result of two phenomena namely, insufficient feeding and hydrogen precipitation during solidification. Formation of porosity defect in aluminum alloy is a complex process. Researchers have modeled the pore formation using analytical solution, criteria function and heat transfer simulations. Each model has its own advantages and disadvantages. This paper review the various papers which deals the models based on orthogonal array, Niyama criteria and GA/ANN.
Simulation of Shock Wave Assisted Free and Shape Forming of Metallic Plates in a Shock Tube
Authors: Kalasagarreddi Kottakota , Sobhan Prem Sai Koppuravuri , Gundu Vinay Kumar , Nagaraja S.R.
Published: November 2015

Due to their complexity, certain engineering problems like finding shock strength, Mach number etc. and the interaction of shock wave with a structure in free and restricted metal forming techniques cannot be achieved in a single experimentation, these can be obtained only through a number of trials and that leads to increase in cost and time. In such cases both cost and time can be reduced by adopting numerical simulations. In this projectcommercial software ANSYS is used to simulate the propagation shock wave through a shock tube, free and shape forming of metallic plates subjected to this shock wave. Shock Mach numbers up to 2.12 have been generated by varying the driver to driven pressure ratios. Thin copper plates of diameter 60mm and thickness of 0.5mm and 0.3mm are subjected to shock wave loadingin order to form into dies.These dies,madeof structural steel are modelled with pre-defined shapes. The plate peakoverpressures ranging from 9 to 20bar have been generated.The midpoint deflection, Von Mises stress and strain are calculated for free forming copper plates. The simulated results are compared with the experimental values available in literature. The simulated results match well with the experimental values.
Parametric Optimization of Age Hardenable Aluminum Alloys Using TGRA Coupled with PCA
Authors: Vijayan D. , Seshagiri Rao V.
Published: November 2015

We investigated multi objective optimization on age hardenable aluminum alloys (AA2024 and AA6061) using Taguchi based grey relational analysis (TGRA). We considered three significant process parameters such as rotational speed, welding speed, and axial force and evaluated the welding responses such as ultimate tensile strength and tensile elongation of fabricated weld specimens. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to estimate accurate weighting quality characteristics of each response in TGRA. Optimized process parameters were 1700rpm rotational speed, 60mm/min welding speed and 6kN axial force. Results of this approach will be useful in controlling the process parameters effectively.
Effect of Nanoparticles in Reinforced Metal Matrix Composite on the Machinability Characteristics - A Review
Authors: Nandakumar A. , Dinakaran D.
Published: November 2015

Metal Matrix nanoComposites (MMNC) refer to materials consisting of a ductile metal or alloy matrix in which some nanosized reinforcement materials is implanted. These materials combine metal and ceramic features, i.e., ductility and toughness with high strength. Thus, metal matrix nanocomposites are suitable for production of materials with high strength in shear/compression processes and high service temperature capabilities. Both Metal Matrix Composite (MMC) and Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMC) with Carbon nanoTubes (CNT) nanocomposites hold promise, but also pose challenges for real success. In the present paper deals an inclusive review of literature in effect of nanoparticles in reinforced metal matrix composites on the machinability characteristics of the composite materials.
Springback Studies on Different Grades of Steel Sheets
Authors: Saikiran Reddy Peddabavi , Janaki Ramulu Perumalla , Durga Srinivas Anupoju , Viswa Teja Yalangi , Pavani Siddanthi
Published: November 2015

Steel and its alloys have a wide range of applications in many industries like automobile, defense, architecture, chemical etc. In the present work, spring back analysis has done on three different grades of steel (SS202, SS309 and MS2016) sheet materials are considered. An experimental setup has been developed for spring back by the design and fabrication die. Spring back behavior is noted in all the three sheets in three rolling directions 0 ̊, 45 ̊ and 90 ̊. Results showed that spring back is noted in all the sheets with an angle of order 1-10 ̊.The load displacement behavior also seen for all the experiments.
A Very Efficient Class of HOC Schemes for the One-Dimensional Euler Equations of Gas Dynamics
Authors: Gogoi Bidyut B.
Published: November 2015

This manuscript introduces a class of higher order compact schemes for the solution of one dimensional (1-D) Euler equations of gas dynamics. These schemes are fourth order accurate in space and second or lower order accurate in time, depending on a weighted average parameter μ. The robustness and efficiency of our proposed schemes have been validated by applying them to three different shock-tube problems of gas dynamics, including the famous SOD shock-tube problem. Later on, the 1-D convergent-divergent nozzle problem (De laval nozzle problem) is also considered and numerical simulations are performed. In all the cases, our computed numerical solutions are found to be in excellent match with the exact solutions or available results in the existing literature. Overall the schemes are found to be efficient and accurate.
Analysis of Two Fluid Four-Channel Heat Exchanger Using Finite Element Method
Authors: Veerabhadrappa Kavadiki , Dayanand Dhanush , Dayanand Darshan , Vinayakaraddy  , Seetharamu K.N. , Hegde Preadeep
Published: November 2015

The development of heat exchangers from two streams to multi-stream passage arrangement becomes a key problem for heat exchanger design. In this paper, a new design is developed for multi-stream (four-channel) heat exchanger. Multi-channel heat exchangers are extensively used in refrigeration and air conditioning, chemical industries, milk pasteurization, cryogenics industries and energy-recovery applications due to their higher heat transfer rates. The focus of this study is to determine the performance of four-channel counter flow heat exchanger. The hot and cold fluids are assumed to recirculate and exchange heat between them. Finite element model of the heat exchanger is developed based on the detailed geometry and the specific working conditions with the help of which effectiveness of the four-channel heat exchanger is computed. Non-Dimensional parameters are introduced which makes the analysis more versatile. The effectiveness is computed for different values of NTU and heat capacity ratio.
Coupled Field Transient Thermo - Structural Analysis of Inhibited Sintering Process
Authors: Deepak Kumar K. , Prasanth N. , Arunkumar P. , Balasubramanian Esakki , Abilash A.
Published: November 2015

Proliferation in the use of digital data in manufacturing led to a new industrial revolution by virtue of which user groups and researchers from multiple industrial enterprises have introduced Rapid Prototyping (RP) into their product development processes. This paper presents a coupled field thermos-structural analysis of new RP process namely, Selective Inhibition Sintering Process (SISP) for the evaluation on the effect of temperature in various polymer materials. The present study provides information of the requirement of heat source to achieve effective sintering phenomenon. The structured Finite Element (FE) model with a dimension of 30 X 30 X 1.5 mm is considered for the analysis where in different heat quantity is applied in an iterative manner to examine the sintering temperature. Based on the simulation results, for each polymer, required amount of heat to observe sintering characteristics is evaluated. The effect of applied heat on the examination of structural aspects of polymer materials including thermal stress, distortion and displacement is carried out. The simulation results affirms that the polymer materials are within in the safe structural and thermal limit and the selection of low cost heat source will be useful for the development of cost-effective SISP system.
Effect of Geometrical Parameters on Flow Mal-Distribution in a Wavy Microchannel
Authors: Satheeshkumar M. , Thansekhar M.R. , Anbumeenakshi C. , Suresh S.
Published: November 2015

Microchannels are of current interest for use in heat exchangers, where very high heat transfer performance is desired. Microchannels provide very high heat transfer coefficients because of their small hydraulic diameters. In this study, a numerical investigation of fluid flow in microchannels with varying hydraulic diameters is presented. Six channels with wavy shape are considered. Header is the major part in the microchannel, which supplies fluid into different channels. A CFD model was created to simulate the fluid flow in the header and microchannels. In this work, five different shapes of the header were considered namely circular, frustum conical, rectangular, triangular and trapezoidal. The results from these simulations are presented, and it is observed that the flow distribution is significantly affected by geometrical properties of the channel and the header.
Enhancement of Heat Transfer of Rectangular Saw Tooth Shaped Micro Channel Heat Sink with Water Nano Fluid/Aluminium Oxide
Authors: Marimuthu M. Vijay Anand , Venkatraman B. , Kandhasamy S.
Published: November 2015

This paper investigates the performance and characteristics of saw tooth shape micro channel in the theoretical level. If the conduct area of the nano fluid increases the heat transfer also increases. The performance curve has drawn Reynolds number against nusselt number, heat transfer co efficient. Pressure drop plays an important role in this device. If pressure drop is high the heat transfer increases. The result in this experiment shows clearly that the heat transfer is optimized.
Enhancement of Thermo-Oxidative Stability of Vegetable Oil Based Lubricant via Chemical Modification Techniques
Authors: Arumugam S. , Sriram G. , Hemanth Sai Kumar Chowdary A. , Subramanya Sai Janga
Published: November 2015

The rising demand for environmentally acceptable lubricant has led researchers to look to vegetable oils as an alternative to petroleum based lubricants. Vegetable oils have radically distinctive properties owing to their unique chemical structure which have greater ability to lubricate and have higher biodegradability. In spite of advantages, they are limited to inadequate thermo-oxidative stability and poor low-temperature properties which hinder their utilization. In the present study in order to produce a bio lubricant with good thermo-oxidative stability, rapeseed oil was subjected to two different chemical modification techniques viz., epoxidation method and successive transesterification method. The thermo-oxidative stability of formulated oil was analysed using Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA). TGA analysis divulges that the thermo-oxidative stability of rapeseed oil was greatly improved with the epoxidation method in comparison with the successive transesterification method.
Modeling and Simulation Assessment of Solar Photovoltaic/Thermal Hybrid Liquid System Using TRNSYS
Authors: Geetha R. , Vijayalakshmi M.M. , Natarajan E.
Published: November 2015

The PV/T hybrid system is a combined system consisting of PV panel behind which heat exchanger with fins are embedded. The PV/T system consists of PV panels with a battery bank, inverter etc., and the thermal system consists of a hot water storage tank, pump and differential thermostats. In the present work, the modeling and simulation of a Solar Photovoltaic/Thermal (PV/T) hybrid system is carried out for 5 kWp using TRNSYS for electrical energy and thermal energy for domestic hot water applications. The prominent parameters used for determining the electrical efficiency, thermal efficiency, overall thermal efficiency, electrical thermal efficiency and exergy efficiency are the solar radiation, voltage, current, ambient temperature, mass flow rate of water, area of the PV module etc. The simulated results of the Solar PV/T hybrid system are analyzed for the optimum water flow rate of 25 kg/hr. The electrical efficiency, thermal efficiency, overall thermal efficiency, equivalent thermal efficiency, exergy efficiency are found to be 10%, 34%, 60%, 35% and 13% respectively. The average tank temperature is found to be 50°C.
Numerical Analysis of Natural Convective Heat Transfer over a Vertical Cylinder Using External Fins
Authors: Panigrahi Anwesha , Mishra D.P. , Kumar Deepak
Published: November 2015

The present numerical study deals with the natural convection heat transfer on the surface of a vertical cylinder with external longitudinal fins. The aim of the study was to determine the effects of geometric parameters like fin height, fin number and fin shape on the heat transfer and thus obtain the optimum parameters that will maximize the rate of heat transfer have been discussed. The numerical investigation consists of an aluminium cylinder of length 1m and diameter 0.07m with air as the working fluid. It has been seen from the numerical investigation that the heat transfer increases with fin height. It is also observed that there exists optimum fin number for maximum heat transfer. Keeping the fin number, fin height and volume fixed, it was found that the heat transfer is maximum for rectangular shaped fin.
Numerical Analysis on Hollow Cylindrical Pin Fins - Natural Convection
Authors: Shreehari E. , Sanjay S. , Venkatesan M.
Published: November 2015

In most of the engineering applications unnecessary heat is produced. Fins are extended surface which are used to enhance heat transfer rate from a surface by increasing the area exposed to convection. The addition of fin increases the surface area and this forms an economical solution for increasing the efficiency and the performance of the device. In the present study a comparative analysis is made between an array of hollow pin fins in upward facing and sideward facing arrangement under natural convection. The model is numerically investigated using commercial CFD code ANSYS FLUENT©. The fin outer diameter (12mm) and fin height (50mm) are kept constant. The parameters varied are the internal diameter of the fins and the heat laod. The results show that the sideward fins have lower base plate temperature as expected due to buoyancy effects. However hot spots are identified in the case of sideward facing fins which will affect the heat transfer characteristics when compared to upward facing hollow cylindrical pin fins.
Numerical Analysis on the Dynamic Behaviour of Fluidized Bed Reactor
Authors: Suhaile P.M. , Rupesh S. , Muraleedharan C. , Arun P.
Published: November 2015

A gas-solid multiphase flow is simulated using CFD to investigate the fluid dynamics of a fluidized bed reactor. The simulation is based on Euler-Euler two fluid model where Kinetic Theory of Granular Flow is used for predicting the solid phase transport properties. The simulation procedure is validated by reproducing and comparing hydrodynamic parameters with those available in the literature. The effect of different turbulence models on bed fluid dynamics is analyzed and k-ε RNG per-phase model is found to have better prediction accuracy compared to other models. The minimum fluidization velocity, granular temperature, bed expansion, particle velocity and volume fraction are determined by the model.
Numerical Investigation of Natural Convection in a Square Enclosure with a Baffle Mounted on Vertical Wall
Authors: Nagasubramanian N. , Thansekhar M.R. , Venkatesan M. , Ramanathan K.
Published: November 2015

Results from numerical investigation of laminar natural convection inside a differentially heated square enclosure with a thin baffle attached to the cold wall are reported. The effect of the baffles on the flow and temperature fields were analyzed for baffle lengths equal to 20, 35 and 50 percent of the width of the enclosure, attached at three locations for Ra = 104, 105, 106 and Pr = 0.707. The presence of a baffle on the cold right wall affects the strength of the clockwise rotating primary vortex. Reduced flow and heat transfer are observed. Longer the baffle more pronounced the effect on the flow field. Secondary convection cells are seen between the baffle and the bottom wall for certain cases. Reduction in average Nusselt Number is observed on the cold wall with the baffle than the hot wall.
Waste Heat Recovery from Castings and Scrap Preheating by Recovered Heat Using an Intermediate Heat Transfer Medium
Authors: Selvaraj J. , Thenarasu M. , Aravind S. , Ashok P.
Published: November 2015

Energy conservation is a major topic of concern since our energy sources are exhausting exponentially. This paper focuses on waste heat recovery using which scrap preheating is done in metal castings using sand molds. During solidification of molten metal, most of the heat is lost to the sand. The proposal is to prepare the sand mould with aluminium shots surrounding the mold cavity. These shots absorb some of the heat from the solidifying metal in the mold cavity. The heated shots are separated from the mold and they are allowed to transfer their heat energy to the metal scrap by conduction. The experiments indicate that at least 6.4% of heat recovery is achievable. This will be instrumental in reducing the enormous amount of energy spent to melt the metal considering the fact that casting is the most widely used manufacturing process globally.
Review on Thermal Conductivity of Fabrics
Authors: Abitha M. , Roshanara  , Subramaniam V.
Published: November 2015

This review gives an idea of thermal conductivity and its dependent on several factor.
Mechanical Characterization of Low Cost Natural Fiber Particles Reinforced with Polymer Composites
Authors: Annamalai Manikandan , Rajkumar R.
Published: November 2015

In the present decade, the center of concentration is on the growth of making polymer composites using agro wastes materials as reinforcements for recyclable composites. The objective of this work is to generate and investigate the mechanical properties of an eco-friendly low cost natural fiber reinforced polymer composite. Cotton Shell (CS) particles are less expensive natural fiber material which can be used as a filler material with Epoxy resin matrices. The filler material was integrated with Epoxy matrix in 0, 5, 10 and 15 weight %. Compression molding technique was used to prepare composites of Epoxy and CS. X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) examination of the fibers revealed the existence of cellulose and lignin. Mechanical properties like Tensile, Impact and Hardness were examined. Results showed that the Tensile strength was increased with augment in particle loading and the impact strength decreases with the adding up of particle materials. Also it was observed that the hardness values are increasing with the increase in particle content.
Automobile Emission Reduction with Wet-Scrubber Technology
Authors: Selvaraj J. , Nitin Kumar S. , Ananda Raj R. , Raj Santhosh B.S.
Published: November 2015

Increasing automobile emission is becoming a major problem to our environment. The available solutions like catalytic convertors, exhaust gas recirculation are costly and energy intensive. This paper examines the viability of the wet scrubber technology to reduce pollutants in the exhaust gas of the engine. This technology is already being used to reduce pollutants in static applications but not in the automobile sector. It passes the exhaust through a suitable solvent which dissolves some of the pollutants. But the problem in using these scrubbers for automobile emission control is their large size and requirement of external source of energy. In this paper a method to modify the wet scrubber technology to suit the automobile industry has been discussed and its effectiveness has been studied. This paper focuses on proving that the wet scrubber technology can be effectively used for treating automobile exhaust gas. It has been experimentally confirmed that the amount of pollutants in the exhaust could be reduced by 10% by using a wet scrubber.
Comparison of Physicochemical Properties of Simarouba Glauca, Dairy Scum and Karanja Biodiesel of Various Blends with Diesel
Authors: Arun S.B. , Suresh R.
Published: November 2015

Day by day depletion of liquid fossil fuels creates necessity to find out an alternative liquid fuel like biodiesel. Rapid growth in transportation, industrialization and civilization from time to time causes increase in requirement of fuel and energy. This paper deals with the production of biodiesel from Simarouba Glauca, Dairy scum and Karanja oil by transesterification process using calcium oxide as a heterogeneous catalyst and methanol as the alcohol. Biodiesels are blended with diesel in different proportions and tested the physicochemical properties such as viscosity, flash point and density for each blended biodiesel. The important properties of biodiesel such as cloud point, pour point, ash content and carbon residue are tested and compared with other biodiesels.
Effect of Exhaust Gas Recirculation on Emissions of a Diesel Engine Fuelled with Castor Seed Biodiesel
Authors: Bhaskar Pavan Bharadwaja , Srihari S.
Published: November 2015

In this study the effect on exhaust gases of a diesel engine fuelled by biodiesel and coupling Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) has been done. EGR is a pre-treatment technique to trim down NOx from diesel engines as it is expected to reduce the flame temperature and the oxygen concentration in the combustion chamber. Fossil fuels so-called biodiesel is picked as the blending fuel. Existence of oxygen in Biodiesel aids complete combustion and anticipated to reduce CO and HC emissions. Exhaust Gas Recirculation technique can capably reduce the amount of NOx. EGR may tend to increase the CO and HC emissions, biodiesel which has higher oxygen content is blended to diesel so that it may compensate CO and HC emissions. The performance and emission characteristics of EGR along with biodiesel in a diesel engine are discussed.
Experimental Studies on Diesel Engine with Piston Crown Modification Using an Optimum Alternative Fuel
Authors: Kiran Theja Akkaraju H. , Subbarao Rayapati
Published: November 2015

The drawbacks associated with bio-fuels can be minimized by making modifications to combustion chamber. Modification of combustion chamber is achieved by providing an air gap in between the crown and the body of the piston with the top crown made of low thermal conductivity material. Experimentation is carried on a diesel engine with brass as piston crown material and karanja as test fuel, which is found to be a better alternative fuel based on the tests carried out prior to modification. Investigations are carried out on the performance of the engine with modified combustion chamber consisting of air gap insulated piston with 2 mm air gap with brass crown when fuelled with karanja oil. Comparative studies are made between the two configurations of engine with and without modification at an injection timing of 29o bTDC. Performance, heat balance and emission plots are made with respect to brake power. Fuel consumption increased with modification. The mechanical and volumetric efficiencies are similar in both the cases. Indicated and brake thermal efficiencies got reduced with modification. But, it is good to see that HC and CO emissions are showing positive trend. Thus, the present investigation hints the possibility of improvements while making piston modification and providing air gap insulation.
Mechanical Properties of Hot Extruded Al (Mg)-MnO2 Composites
Authors: Ghanaraja S. , Dileep Kumar D.J. , Ravikumar K.S. , Madhusudan B.M.
Published: November 2015

Many of our modern technologies require materials with unusual combinations of properties that cannot be met by the conventional metal alloys, ceramics and polymeric materials. This is especially true for materials that are needed for aerospace, underwater and transportation applications. An economical way of producing metal matrix composite (MMC) is the incorporation of the particles into the liquid metal and casting. The objective of this work is to reinforce Al 1100-Mg alloy with different wt% of MnO2 (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12) was added by melt stirring method and Hot Extrusion is carried out. Microstructural Studies using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Mechanical property like hardness and tensile properties have been investigated for extruded base alloy and composites.
Generation of Electricity from the Waste Heat of an IC Engine Using Thermo Electric Device
Authors: Ellappan R. , Manoj Karan J. , Nandu Narayanan K.
Published: November 2015

Electricity is very vital in our day to day life. The motive of our journal is to generate electricity from the from the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine by the principle of Seebeck effect.Exhaust gases from an automobile bring out the excess heat generated which would be very high.The idea is to convert this exhaust heat to another form of energy i.e., electricity with the help of thermoelectric devices like thermocouples, thermopiles, Peltier device. The voltage generated by the thermocouple is very small and many thermocouples are required to make a practical thermoelectric generator. If a loop is made from wires using two dissimilar metals, a voltage will appear between the junctions of the wires if one junction is hotter than the other. Such a loop made with dissimilar metals is known as a thermocouple and the phenomenon is named the Seebeck effect. A semi conductor thermocouple device named Peltier device is used to convert the exhaust heat generated from an automobile into electricity.
Modeling the Spray Characteristics of Biodiesel
Authors: Jayamurugan M. , Rajkumar S.
Published: November 2015

Biodiesel is considered as one most of the promising alternate fuels for the diesel engines without any major engine modifications due to its similar properties that of diesel. However, it is imperative to study the fuel spray behavior and its effective distribution inside the engine which affect combustion and emission characteristics. Hence, a model will be a useful tool in analyzing the spray characteristics of different biodiesel fuels. Therefore, in this paper a numerical modeling is pursued to analyse the spray characteristics namely spray penetration, spray angle, and atomization of biodiesel. This model is likely to be useful for biodiesel combustion modeling.
Study on Rheological Characteristics and Molecular Interaction Properties of Annona Squamosa (Custard Apple) Seed Biodiesel
Authors: Venkata Koteswara Rao G. , Venkata Raman K. , Samudrala Saikiran , Sudheer Chowdry R. , Padmanaban R.
Published: November 2015

The consequential use of biodiesel as a source of renewable energy sustained a rapid growth over the past few years due to its major advantages like biodegradability, higher lubricity, low toxicity and low CO2 emissions. Generally, transesterification is used for the production of biodiesel by employing base catalysis. Here, this Biodiesel is prepared from Annona Squamosa (Custard apple) seed oil with methanol by using potassium hydroxide as a catalyst which is further tested in Compression Ignition (C.I) engines. In the present study, an attempt has been made to analyze the acoustical studies on various blend compositions of Biodiesel with conventional diesel in the ratios 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% by determining relative viscosity, ultrasonic velocity and density at 303K. From these experimental data, various molecular interaction parameters like adiabatic compressibility, viscous relaxation time, inter molecular free length, specific acoustical impedance are calculated and the results are discussed in the light of solute-solvent interaction.
Automation in Spillcut Marking
Authors: Gurumurthy Sathyavel , Thakur Surya Kamal , Mohan Sachin
Published: November 2015

The project involves elimination of rejection of H-engines during testing by improved methods of automation in spill cut using pneumatics which control the injection timing and is subsequently used at a later state in the engine assembly to set the valve timing. Improper injection timing leads to excess smoke. The new method which we have opted reduces man power, time consumption and the fuel wastage an optimum level which increases the productivity of the engine.
Finite Element Analysis of Leaf Spring with Comparative Study Using Alternative Materials
Authors: Veerapaneni Anil Kumar , Ramakrishna Reddy P. , Raghavender V. , Amala A.
Published: November 2015

Leaf Springs find its applications in most of the automobiles, In this paper a Finite element Analysis was done on a leaf spring model. The results were verified using the analytical values. Two different alternative materials were used to replace the steel. A comparative study was done on how the results change with the input parameters and also with the usage of alternative materials.
Finite Element Analysis of Active Magnetic Bearing with Different Leg Shapes
Authors: Sathiya Moorthy R. , Mohamed Siddhique A.
Published: November 2015

High speed machining technology is an important trend of advanced manufacturing engineering because of its accuracy. Spindle used in high speed machinery are capable of operating at high speed. As the spindle rotates at high speed, heat is generated in the contact area between the bearings and spindle. This heat generation leads thermal deformation and results in inaccuracy during machining. To avoid the heat generation non-contact bearing like active magnetic bearing (AMB) has been used. The main limitation in active magnetic bearing is its large size. In view of this, an attempt has been made to design and analysis of active magnetic bearing to reduce size complexity. In this paper we have mainly focused on the leg geometry effect and size of the active magnetic bearing. ANSYS workbench tool is used to analyse the flux density in pole area and calculate the maximum load carrying capacity of the bearing.
A Review on Composite Materials with Ferrous, CNT and Powder Metallurgy
Authors: Parswajinan Chakravarthi , Vijaya Ramnath B. , Vetrivel M. , Ramanarayanan P. , Bharath S. , Ajay T. , Raghav Chander R.
Published: November 2015

Carbon nanotubes are the latest trends in the study of powder metallurgy and nanocomposites. This is due to the exceptional properties like superior mechanical and electrical properties, high Young’s modulus, high tensile strength, smaller diameters, high elongation and high chemical stability. CNT’s is an attractive reinforcement for metal matrix composites. CNT are now reinforced with many metal matrix composites like aluminium, iron, manganese, copper etc. with considerable change in density of the material. Due to high aspect ratio that facilitates their tubular structure and high strength the CNT’s are reinforced with ferrous powder by implying powder metallurgy process and the results have been recorded. Such recordings of the effects of CNT on Ferrous powders are reviewed in this paper.
Finite Element Model Development for Structural Integrity of Shafts with Circumferential and Arbitrary Oriented Cracks
Authors: Pramod R. , Shashi Kumar M.E. , Mohan Kumar S.
Published: November 2015

Tubular drive shafts are subjected to combined axial tension, torsional moment and bending moment. The structural integrity of the driveshaft is investigated by evaluating the change in strength, stiffness and the life of the driveshaft with the change in the crack length. A review of driveshaft failure analysis case histories identifies circumferential crack and arbitrarily oriented cracks to be critical. The singular stress field around a crack tip in a general shell structure is characterized by mixed mode membrane and bending stress intensity factors. Accurate determination of these stress intensity factors (less than 1%) are carried out by a subprogram named as 3MBSIF. The validation of Finite element model using ABAQUS and post processing subprogram 3MBSIF together is carried out using benchmarks, a set of standard test problems with known target solutions. Further SIFs are derived for cylindrical shell and the driveshaft under the action of bending moment. To quantify the change in the compliance of cylindrical shell and the driveshaft with change in crack lengths is studied by performing Modal Analysis. It was observed that the variation in frequency is higher for smaller crack angles.