bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effects of mixed intake of multi-nutrients on risk of mild cognitive impairment in an elderly Population in northern china: a machine learning approach
Authors: Gao Xian , Li Qingxia , Huang Xin , Sun Yan , Zhou Yutian , Zhu Huichen , Ma Yuxia
Published: December 2023

Background
Few studies have considered multi-nutrients as a mixture and their impact on Mild Cognitive Impairment(MCI). The aim of our study was to explore the health effects of mixed intake of multi-nutrients on MCI risk.
Methods
We measured dietary intake levels of fifteen nutrients in an elderly population in northern China who took part in the Community-based Cohort Study on Nervous System Diseases (CCSNSD) from 2018 to 2019. We analyzed associations between multi-nutrients and MCI by multiple logistic regression models. Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) was used to evaluate the combined association of multi-nutrients on MCI.
Results
Of the 612 individuals included in our final analysis. In the multivariate logistic regression model, the folate, vitamin E, vitamin B6, magnesium, diet fiber, and iron showed significant negative correlations with MCI, while only vitamin B6 was associated with MCI after additional adjustment for other levels of the nutrients (fourth vs. first quartile), (OR (95% CI): 0.514(0.283,0.933)). In the BKMR model, the overall effect of fifteen nutrients was significantly negatively associated with MCI when all the nutrients were at the sixtieth percentile or above, compared to at the fiftieth percentile. In the hierarchical variable selection analyses of the BKMR, the results showed that vitamin E and vitamin B6 may play an important protective role in MCI, whereas vitamin C showed a inverse relationship. Dietary fiber and iron showed a U-shaped relationship with MCI. The potential complicated two-way interactions was found among the multi-nutrients using bivariate intake-response functions.
Conclusion
Using improved analysis model, we found evidence of higher vitamin E, and vitamin B6 levels associated with lower MCI, whereas vitamin C had the opposite effect. The intake of iron and dietary fiber should be moderate. There are potentially complex interactions between nutrients.
Urinary Phthalate Metabolites Associated with Increased Prevalence of Gallstone Disease in U.S. Adults: Data from the NHANES Study
Authors: Jia Feng , Chang Yu , Li Yuguang , Li Fangqi , Chen Xinqiao , Liu Xiangliang , Li Wei , Cui Jiuwei
Published: December 2023

Background
Phthalate exposure has been hypothesized to influence cholesterol metabolism and gallstone pathogenesis, but previous studies are limited. We aimed to examine the associations between urinary phthalate metabolites and prevalence of gallstone disease in a nationally representative sample.
Methods
We analyzed data on 1,696 adults aged ≥ 6 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017–2018. Gallstone disease was defined based on self-reported physician-diagnosis. Exposure was measured by urinary concentrations of 10 phthalate metabolites. Weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) assessed metabolite mixtures in relation to gallstones.
Results
Elevated urinary concentrations of mono(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP), mono(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate (MCPP), mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP), and mono-carboxyoctyl phthalate (MCOP) were associated with 43–82% higher odds of gallstones compared to lower exposure groups. The WQS index exhibited a significant positive association with gallstone prevalence (OR: 1.49; 95%CI: 1.10, 2.02). BKMR identified exposure-response trends for MECPP, MCPP, and mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP).
Conclusion
Higher urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations were associated with increased gallstone risk. These novel findings suggest phthalate exposure may contribute to lithogenic pathogenesis. Future prospective and mechanistic research is warranted.
Altered Brain Functional Connectome Hierarchical Organization in HIV Patients
Authors: Liu# Jiaojiao , Xia Yunman , Wang# Xiaoyue , Wang Wei , Wang Yuanyuan , Liu Mingming , Xire Aili , Ma Juming , Xu Fan , Hou Chuanke , Jiang Xingyuan , Luo Haixia , Li Hongjun
Published: December 2023

Background
Research from the past has shown that the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can quickly enter the central nervous system after seroconversion, and that roughly 50% of HIV patients may experience neurological problems. Application of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) can systemically inhibit viral replication, partially restoring immune functions, but it is unable to entirely eradicate viral proteins in the brain. The influence of HIV on brain functioning and behavioral symptoms is still completely unknown, despite extensive research into the functional and anatomical abnormalities in the brainof HIV patients.
Methods
We gathered resting-state functional MRI data from 77 individuals (42 HIV patients (with behavioral data) and 35 healthy controls) from Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University. We identified a constrained primary-to-transmodal gradient and an extended sensorimotor-to-visual gradient using functional connectome gradient analysis.
Results
According to group comparison analysis, the HIV patients had higher sensorimotor-to-visual and sensorimotor-to-visual spatial variation in the posterior cingulate cortex and a lower gradient score of primary-to-transmodal in the middle frontal gyrus. These two abnormal functional gradients of HIV patients were related to individual decreased abstract/executive processing abilities (planning, reasoning, set switching, flexible thinking, and updating, etc.) and clinical symptoms (CD4), as well as topological efficiency of brain functional network.
Conclusion
When taken as a whole, our findings describe the failure of the brain's functional hierarchical architecture in HIV patients, offering a novel perspective on the neurological mechanisms driving the virus.
Predictive etiology of Long COVID oncogenesis through SARS-CoV-2 proteins and AKT1 molecular docking interactions
Authors: Nawaz Rabia , Qazi Mehreen , Ahad Ammara , Arif Muhammad Ali , Shahid Muhammad , Amin Irum , Ajmal Anum , Naz Aramish , Irshad Urooj , Mehmood Uqba , Idrees Muhammad
Published: December 2023

Background: In 2019, the world witnessed an outbreak of SARS-CoV-2, whose retention for two months or more leads to long COVID. Several long-term staying viruses cause oncogenesis. We intended to find any such potential with SARS-CoV-2. A rigorous systematic analysis of viral oncogenic pathways and long COVID was conducted. SARS-CoV-2 affects glutamatergic and Protein Tyrosine Kinases 1 signalling, leading to molecular interference. AKT1 protein was analyzed for predictive interaction studies with structural and non-structural viral proteins. Molecular docking simulations were also carried out.
Methods:Oncogenes were detected in SARS-CoV-2 protein sequence, using TAG database. AKT1 was selected as a high potential oncogenic factor and was modelled using SWISS-MODEL. Viral proteins structures were either downloaded from Protein Data Bank, otherwise modelled. Docking was performed using HDOCK server. Prediction of possible potential active sites was done using Protein Allosteric and Regulatory Site (PARS).
Results: AKT1 showed very strong interactive potential with all viral proteins with docking scores less than -200, envelope protein being the most potently reactive. PARS analysis showed that there might be more than one potential active site. All proteins cavities satisfied the requirement for flexibility p-value. NSP5 showed great structural conservation.
Conclusion: When SARS-CoV-2 stays in the body of infected person for extended time durations, it has a strong oncogenic potential. Given the host of cellular targets because of angiotensin-converting enzyme type-2 presence, any infected organ harboring the virus for longer terms might be at risk of developing cancer. We propose further molecular and case study investigations to assess this threat to full extent.
Rare Complications of Infective Endocarditis in Marfan Morphotype: Diagnosis of Multiple Mitral Valve Aneurysms and Aortic Root Abscess using Three- Dimensional Transesophageal Echocardiography
Authors: Boumaaz Meriem , Lahjouji Mohamed Reda , Faraj Raid , Mouine Najat , Asfalou Iliyasse , Benyass Aatif
Published: December 2023

Mitral valve aneurysm (MVA) is characterized by a saccular outpouching of the mitral leaflet, and it represents a rare condition typically associated with aortic valve endocarditis. Three-Dimensional Transesophageal Echocardiography (3D-TEE) serves as an effective tool for detecting the presence of MVA and its potential complications. In this report, we present a case involving a young man with striking images of bicuspid aortic valve endocarditis complicated by an aortic root abscess and multiple perforated mitral valve aneurysms, diagnosed using 3D TEE. This case suggests the uncommon coexistence of Marfan syndrome, bicuspid aortic valve, and infective endocarditis as a triple mechanism in the occurrence of MVA. It underscores the significance of early and accurate imaging diagnosis for facilitating prompt surgical intervention.
Partial Coherence Analysis for Vibration Signal and Noise Signal of Braking System of Hoist
Authors: Hao Xuedi , Ding Yaotian , Zhang Jiajin , Zhang Chenze , Liu Bing , Zhang Yixuan
Published: December 2023

In present study, the correlation between vibration signal and noise signal produced by disc brake of mine hoist was investigated. Based on the theory of geometry and motion similarity, the braking system was simplified and a brake test-bed was established in the laboratory. The data of 12 sets of vibration signals and 6 sets of noise signals at three rotational speeds were collected. The 1/3-octave analysis and the partial coherence analysis was used to identify noise sources under different working conditions. The test results showed that the noise source of the faulty brake was located at the brake flange seat and the noise source of the normal brake was located at the brake caliper, which laid a theoretical foundation for the further use of vibration and noise signals for the diagnosis of faults with insufficient disc brake braking force and the health management of mine hoists.
Eribulin induces micronuclei and enhances the nuclear localization of cGAS in triple-negative breast cancer cells
Authors: Yamada Hideyuki , Takada Mamoru , Ghone Dhaval , Yu Muhan , Nagashima Takeshi , Fujimoto Hiroshi , Sakakibara Junta , Hasegawa Yoshie , Takao Shintaro , Yamada Akimitsu , Narui Kazutaka , Ishikawa Takashi , Suzuki Aussie , Otsuka Masayuki
Published: December 2023

Eribulin (ERI), clinically utilized for locally advanced or metastatic breast tumors, has shown potential links to the immune system. Notably, the cGAS-STING pathway, a key component of innate immunity, has gained prominence. Yet, limited reports explore ERI's effects on the cGAS-STING pathway. Additionally, the nuclear presence of cGAS remains poorly understood. This study uniquely delves into ERI's impact on both the cytosolic cGAS-STING pathway and nuclear cGAS. ERI enhances nuclear localization of cGAS, resulting in hyper-activation of the cGAS-STING pathway in triple-negative breast cancer cells. Reduction of cGAS heightened both cell proliferation and ERI sensitivity. In clinical data using ERI in a neo-adjuvant setting, patients with low cGAS cases exhibited reduced likelihood of achieving pathological complete response after ERI treatment. These findings illuminate the potential of cGAS and IFNβ as predictive biomarkers for ERI sensitivity, providing valuable insights for personalized breast cancer treatment strategies.
Analysis of the impact of underlying diseases in the elderly on postoperative re-fractures after osteoporotic compression fractures
Authors: LI Qingwei , Bao QI , ，KONG Xiangqing , ，MENG Chunyang
Published: December 2023

Background
Postoperative refracture of osteoporotic compression fractures in the elderly due to underlying illnesses is a complicated matter involving several variables. A multidisciplinary approach involving orthopedics, geriatrics, endocrinology, and rehabilitation medicine is necessary for an investigation of these issues. investigating the impact of older patients' underlying medical conditions on the refracture of osteoporotic compression fractures following surgery.
Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted on 2383 patients between August 2013 and August 2023. 550 patients with comorbid geriatric underlying diseases were screened, 183 patients underwent refractories, and 367 patients were classified as non-refractories. The patients were then divided into two groups: those undergoing refractories and those not, and the underlying diseases of the patients in both groups were examined using ROC curves and unifactorial and multifactorial logistic regression analyses.
Results
Among the patients gathered, the frequency of re-fracture was 33.3%. A statistically significant difference was observed when re-fracture was linked to patients with long-term alcohol consumption, operated vertebrae ≤ 1, hypertension, COPD, diabetes mellitus, stroke sequelae, conservative treatment of coronary heart disease, trauma, mental abnormality, scoliosis, and chronic renal disease. Having hypertension decreased the risk of re-fracture (P = 0.018, OR = 0.548), while alcohol intake ≥ 10years (P = 0.003, OR = 2.165), mental abnormality (P < 0.001, OR = 4.093), scoliosis (P < 0.001, OR = 6.243), chronic kidney disease (P = 0.002, OR = 2.208), and traumatic injuries (P = 0.029, OR = 3.512) were the risk factors examined in a binary logistic regression analysis. The results of multiple linear stepwise regression analysis indicated that re-fracture was more influenced by scoliosis.
Conclusions
Hypertensive disorders were protective factors against the formation of re-fracture, while alcohol intake usage for more than ten years, psychological abnormalities, scoliosis, chronic kidney disease, and trauma were risk factors. Scoliosis had the highest influence on re-fracture.
Geostress-associated settlements of a raft-foundation building due to shield tunnelling in soft ground
Authors: Zhang Tianqi , Li Zhenkun , Wang Ruikun , Zheng Gang , Lei Huayang , Fan Qi
Published: December 2023

The stress state of the soil, i.e., geostress, may affect the settlements of a building induced by the tunneling, which, however, has not been well understood. In this study, 3D numerical analyses combined with in-situ measurements were performed to investigate the geostress-associated settlements of a raft-foundation building due to shield tunnelling in soft ground. Basically, two types of geostress fields were investigated: the first type of geostress field considered the effect of additional stress generated in the foundation soil (FAS) due to weight of building; while in the second type of geostress field, a sequential twin tunnelling process was presumed, and the effect of the additional soil stress induced by the first tunnel (TAS) on the building response to the second tunnel was considered. The results indicated that the presence of FAS may aggravate the stress release of the foundation soil during a shield tunnelling, and thus gave rise to a larger building settlement or inclination. In a sequential tunnelling process, the effect of TAS can be more complex: when the first tunnel lowered the stress of the foundation soil, the TAS effect of the first tunnel may help reduce the building settlements induced by the second tunnel; otherwise, it may aggravate the building settlements. In addition to the TAS effect, the sheltering effect was also found to play an important part in the sequential twin-tunnelling. Especially when the first tunnel was positioned between the building and the second tunnel, the building settlements induced by the second tunnel can be impeded.
Exchange graphs and Ext-quivers of hearts of tube categories
Authors: Chen Mingfa
Published: December 2023

In this paper we introduce the notion of pre-simple-minded collection (pre-SMC) of type A in the bounded derived categories Db (Tp) of tube categories Tp of rank p. This provides an effective approach to classify the hearts in Db (Tp). We then use this classification to prove the exchange graph of hearts in Db (Tp) is connnected. Further, we classify the Ext-quivers of hearts in Db (Tp). As an application, we show that the space of Bridgeland stability conditions on Db (Tp) is connected.
2020 Mathematics Subject Classification. 18E40, 18E10, 18G80, 16G20, 16G70, 16E35, 14F45.
Automatic segmentation and classification of frontal sinuses for sex determination from CBCT scans using a two-stage anatomy-guided attention network: A study of the South Korean population
Authors: Silva Renan Lucio Berbel , Yang Su , Kim Dael , Kim Jun Ho , Lim Sang-Heon , Han Jiyong , Kim Jun-Min , Kim Jo-Eun , Huh Kyung-Hoe , Lee Sam-Sun , Heo Min-Suk , Yi Won-Jin
Published: December 2023

Sex determination is essential for identifying unidentified individuals, particularly in forensic contexts. Traditional methods for sex determination involve manual measurements of skeletal features on CBCT scans. However, these manual measurements are labor-intensive, time-consuming, and error-prone. The purpose of this study was to automatically and accurately determine sex on a CBCT scan using a two-stage anatomy-guided attention network (SDetNet). SDetNet consisted of a 2D frontal sinus segmentation network (FSNet) and a 3D anatomy-guided attention network (SDNet). FSNet segmented frontal sinus regions in the CBCT images and extracted regions of interest (ROIs) near them. Then, the ROIs were fed into SDNet to predict sex accurately. To improve sex determination performance, we proposed multi-channel inputs (MSIs) and an anatomy-guided attention module (AGAM), which encouraged SDetNet to learn differences in the anatomical context of the frontal sinus between males and females. SDetNet showed superior sex determination performance in the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, accuracy, Brier score, and specificity compared with the other 3D CNNs. Moreover, the results of ablation studies showed a notable improvement in sex determination with the embedding of both MSI and AGAM. Consequently, SDetNet demonstrated automatic and accurate sex determination by learning the anatomical context information of the frontal sinus on CBCT scans.
EFFEC: The Efficient Edge-Caching System for Multimedia Communication
Authors: Malaioni Jofantus Ferdi , Bachtiar Moch. Aril , Baswara Muhammad Raihan , Yovita Leanna Vidya , Wibowo Tody Ariefianto , Hertiana Sofia Naning
Published: December 2023

The widespread use of social media with multimedia content and the development of sophisticated and interactive websites affect internet traffic growth. User requests for the same multimedia content cause an increase in the core network load. For this reason, an elegant solution is needed. Instead of supplying additional network capacity, we automatically put content closer to the user. Commonly, a proxy server is used only to monitor the data sent or for load-balancing purposes. However, in our research, proxy servers are exploited to keep the copies of content users request. So that, we not only take advantage of the monitoring and security functions on the proxy server but also take advantage of its ability to store data. We name our proposed system as EFFEC, the efficient edge-caching system that can be used for multimedia communication. This system allows the request for content not to be forwarded to the original server located further away from the user. This strategy provides an efficient communication system. We have successfully built the edge cache system for multimedia communication. The evaluation result shows that using edge caching methods by utilizing a proxy server offers significant improvements in increasing speed, reducing load on the server, and delays.
A Nomogram-Based Malignancy Risk Assessment Model for Breast Masses Upgraded from BI-RADS 1-3 in Mammography to Category 4 in Supplemental Ultrasound for Women with Dense Breasts
Authors: Li Cheng , Luo Yong , Jiang Yan , Wu Xumiao , Li Qi
Published: December 2023

Background
Mammography, the primary breast cancer screening method, exhibits high false-negative rates in women with dense breasts. Supplemental ultrasound increases cancer detection sensitivity but also raises the number of unnecessary biopsies due to its low positive predictive value (PPV).
Objective
This study aims to develop a predictive model for assessing the malignancy risk of breast masses initially categorized as BI-RADS 1–3 in mammography but upgraded to BI-RADS 4 in supplemental ultrasound in women with dense breasts. The aim was to enhance the PPV of supplemental ultrasound, thereby reducing unnecessary biopsies.
Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted to identify breast masses that met specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. These masses were then randomly divided into training and validation sets. Pathological, radiological, and clinical data of the breast masses were systematically collected. Using the LASSO algorithm, key variables were identified in the training set, which facilitated the development of a logistic regression model, along with a corresponding nomogram. The model’s efficacy was assessed in both the training and validation sets, using metrics such as sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), ROC curves, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis.
Results
Of the 11,051 women screened, 425 masses met the study criteria. The LASSO algorithm identified ultrasonic characteristics, such as mass size, shape, margin, calcifications, and vascularity as significant predictors. The model demonstrated high discriminative power, with AUCs of 0.908 and 0.882 for the training and validation sets, respectively, and robust calibration. The PPV in the training set increased significantly from 0.178 to 0.556 and in the validation set from 0.213 to 0.561. The model also showed high NPVs, sensitivity, and specificity.
Conclusion
The study successfully developed a predictive model and corresponding nomogram for evaluating malignancy risk in a specific subset of breast masses. Validated for accuracy and clinical utility, the model significantly improves the PPV of supplemental ultrasound, indicating a potential reduction in unnecessary biopsies. It represents a promising advance in personalized breast cancer screening for women with dense breasts.
A novel compound heterozygous PCDH15 variants may be associated with arRP in a Chinese pedigree
Authors: Yang Hong , Zhang Ya-juan , Zhu Li , Zheng Wei-yi , Shi Mei-yu , Zhao Hong-chao
Published: December 2023

Background
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a heterogeneous group of inherited retinal diseases. However, it is still not well understand about the relationship between PCDH15 mutations and RP.
Methods
In this study, we enrolled a Chinese autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (arRP) pedigree and identified the causative gene in the proband by targeted whole exome sequencing(WES).The mutations were validated in the family members by Sanger sequencing and co-segregation analysis.
Results
Novel compound heterozygous, deleterious missense variants of the PCDH15 gene, NM_001384140.1:c.4368 − 2147_4368-2131del and c.2505del(p.T836Lfs*6), were identified in the arRP pedigree, which co-segregated with the clinical RP phenotypes. The PCDH15 protein is highly conserved among species.
Conclusion
This is the first study to identify novel compound heterozygous mutations c.4368 − 2147_4368-2131del and c.2505del(p.T836Lfs*6) in the PCDH15 gene which might be disease-causing mutations, thereby extending the mutational spectra. All above findings will contribute to genetic counseling, molecular diagnosis and clinical management of arRP disease.
Using HD-EMG to Assess Motor Units in Vastus Lateralis with the Lokomat: A Pilot Study with Healthy and Stroke Individuals
Authors: Corvini Giovanni , Lorusso Matteo , Tagliamonte Nevio Luigi , Masciullo Marcella , Molinari Marco , Scivoletto Giorgio , Tamburella Federica , Moreno Juan C.
Published: December 2023

Background: Recent advancements in surface electromyography (EMG) technology have led to new solutions including multiple electrodes placed over a single muscle, indicated as High-Density EMG (HD-EMG). From this technology, by extracting the Motor Unit (MU) properties, more information can be obtained. Despite its growing research presence, HD-EMG has yet to gain widespread acceptance in routine clinical evaluations, particularly for the assessment of age-related variations and central nervous system disorders. This pilot study aims to evaluate the feasibility of using a portable HD-EMG system in daily clinical settings, in particular using the Lokomat, to study MU properties in both young and elderly healthy as well as stroke individuals.
Methods: In this pilot study, we recruited 9 participants: 3 Healthy Young (2 males, 1 female, 28.33 ± 6.80 years), 3 Healthy Elderly (2 males, 1 female, 58.66 ± 3.05 years) and 3 Chronic Stroke Survivors (2 males, 1 female, 59 ± 6.24 years). We asked participants to perform isometric sub-maximal contractions at three different force levels within the Lokomat, a widely used device in neurorehabilitation. A portable 64-channels High-Density EMG was used to acquire myoelectrical signals.
Results: Our findings suggest that while traditional EMG amplitude and spectral parameters fail to identify differences among healthy control groups, HD-EMG effectively can capture age-related variations through the analysis of Motor Unit properties, specifically in the number of extracted MUs.Moreover, in contrast to the simple parameters typically used by clinicians, distinct neuromuscular alterations associated with stroke were detected through MU property analysis when comparing stroke-affected individuals with healthy groups. Results highlight the possibility to explore specific neuromuscular changes with HD-EMG.
Conclusion: This pilot study shows the advantages of integrating HD-EMG into clinical test sessions with the Lokomat. Through the study of MU properties, HD-EMG provides valuable insights into muscle behavior, which could potentially advance our understanding of neuromuscular conditions and effectively optimize the rehabilitation treatments. We believe that further research should be performed in this direction to establish HD-EMG as a standard clinical diagnostic.
A Cross-Sectional Assessment of Food Supplement Practices and the Relationship Between Anxiety and Interest in Nutrition in Adults During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Özkan Gülin Öztürk , Canyolu Burcu Aksoy , Lanpir Aslı Devrim , Güzeldere Hatice Kübra Barcın , İltaç Havvanur Yoldaş , Güler Kübra Yıldız , Güneş Fatma Esra
Published: December 2023

Purpose
Food supplement usage increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to examine food supplement use and associated factors during the pandemic among adults.
Methods
This study was conducted between August -September 2021 in 3546 adults. A questionnaire containing a total of 39 questions was applied for socio-demographic characteristics, COVID-19 infection status, and food supplement use. The questionnaire also included the Depression and Anxiety Stress Scale consisting of 21 questions. Descriptive data was presented as mean and standard deviation and the Chi-square test was applied for comparison of categorical data. Multiple regression analyses and linear regression were applied for food supplement likelihood analysis.
Results
Food supplement usage was 37.1% during the pandemic. Participants with mild anxiety and moderate anxiety were less likely to use food supplements than individuals with extremely severe anxiety. It was observed that the most common food supplements used by adults during the pandemic were vitamin D, vitamin C, and multivitamins. It was observed that the likelihood of using vitamin C, vitamin D, multivitamins, omega-3, B group vitamins, and zinc supplements increased in individuals interested in nutrition during the pandemic. It was determined that the likelihood of using vitamin C, vitamin D, multivitamins, and B group vitamin supplements increased with upper anxiety levels.
Conclusion
Food supplement use increased among adults during COVID-19. In addition, the type of food supplement has also been affected by COVID-19. During the pandemic, the likelihood of food supplement use increased with the increase in anxiety levels.
Symmetry Breaking and Chiral Amplification in Prebiotic Ligation Reactions
Authors: Deng Min , Yu Jinhan , Blackmond Donna G.
Published: December 2023

A general rationalization of the single chirality of biological molecules, a signature of life, remains a challenging goal. 1 Research has commonly focused on initial symmetry breaking and subsequent enantioenrichment of monomeric building blocks – sugars and amino acids – that comprise the genetic polymers RNA, DNA, and peptides. If these building blocks are only partially enantioenriched, however, stalling of chain growth may result, whimsically termed in the case of nucleic acids as “the problem of original syn”.2 In studying a novel prebiotically plausible route to proteinogenic peptides reported by Powner,3-5 we discovered that the reaction favors the ligation of l monomers with d monomers. While this finding appears problematic for the prebiotic emergence of homochiral peptides, we demonstrate, paradoxically, that this heterochiral preference provides a mechanism for enantioenrichment in homochiral chains. Symmetry breaking, chiral amplification, and chirality transfer processes occur for all reactants and products in multicomponent competitive reactions even when only one of the molecules in the complex mixture is non-racemic. The low solubility of mixed heterochiral compounds acts as a further purification of the solution phase. Experimental data and kinetic modeling support this prebiotically plausible mechanism for the emergence of homochiral biological polymers.
Seismic vulnerability assessment of concrete-filled steel built-up column building
Authors: Tiwari Pramod , Jain Kranti
Published: December 2023

To check the effect of earthquake in composite material as concrete filled steel box (CFSB) column; mainly three combinations of the column-beam (Pre-existing RCC building, CFSB column-steel beam and CFSB column-RC beam) structure is compared. Using response spectrum analysis in numerical FE software, the seismic effect was examined for all three combinations. It is determined that the CFSB column-steel beam combination is appropriate for high seismic effect. The RCC building and the CFSB column-steel beam building have also undergone seismic fragility analyses. For seismic-resistant constructions, lateral load carrying capability and collapse prevention are improved when the time history and fundamental time period of response spectra match. The CFSB structures have a three-fold greater peak ground acceleration (PGA) tolerance than RCC buildings in an Incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) comparison, with the difference in damage propagation during operational (OP) phases being negligible. Therefore, it is determined that the building having CFSB column-steel beam combination is safe in comparison.
Application of Optical Genome Mapping in Complex Structural Chromosomal Rearrangements
Authors: Li Tao , Liu Shanquan , Lai Yi
Published: December 2023

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the applicability of optical genome mapping in chromosomal karyotype analysis. Optical genome mapping validation was conducted on three patients with complex structural hromosomal rearrangements previously identified through chromosomal G-banding karyotype analysis. The primary objective was to elucidate the breakpoints and patterns of chromosomal recombination.
Methods: A comprehensive analysis and validation were conducted on three patients utilizing various techniques, including chromosome G-banding karyotype Chromosome Microarray Analysis, and optical genome mapping.
Results: Combining with the results of optical genome mapping and G-banding karyotype, all three patients exhibited CCRs, with the following karyotype descriptions:
Patient 1: 46,XX,der(9)ins(9)(q34.3q21.1q21.1)inv(9)(q21.1q21.3);
Patient 2: 46,XY,inv(2)(p23q33),t(3;7)(q26.1;q35)inv(7)(q31.2q35);
Patient 3: 46,XY,t(1;4;11)(p21.3;q23;q25)inv(11)(p12q14.3)inv(11)(q14.3 q25).
Conclusion: Optical genome mapping (OGM) demonstrated superior resolution and sensitivity compared to traditional methods like G-banding karyotype. OGM proved valuable for validating the results obtained from karyotyping analysis, enhancing diagnostic accuracy.
Upregulation of GAT1 expression as a mechanism for cognitive improvement after mGluR5 activation in traumatic brain injury
Authors: Xu Peng , Zhao Xin , Wang Bin , Wang Handong
Published: December 2023

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) significantly contributes mortality and disability worldwidely. However, cognitive deficits often accompany post-TBI neurological impairments. The metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) is known to play a crucial role in cognitive-related disorders. Nevertheless, the specific impact of mGluR5 on cognitive impairment following TBI remains uncertain. In this study, we discovered that activating mGluR5 effectively mitigated cognitive impairment induced by Marmarou's weight-drop model of TBI and reduced the elevated levels of GABA content after TBI. Additionally, it was found that the activation of mGluR5 resulted in an upregulation of GABA transporter 1 (GAT1) expression, which had been downregulated after TBI in the brains of mice. Conversely, the inhibition of mGluR5 led to an upregulation of GAT1. And inhibiting GAT1 decreased the improvement of cognition after mGluR5 activation in Y-maze. Mechanistically, the activation of mGluR5 was found to decrease the level of RAB11A and upregulate the expression of p-ERK, CREB, and p-CREB after TBI. However, the inhibition of CREB reversed the decreased expression of RAB11A and the elevated expression of CREB, p-CREB, and GAT1. In summary, our research findings have shed light on the upregulation of active mGluR5 and its subsequent impact on GAT1 expression, resulting in a reduction of GABA levels and an improvement in cognitive impairment following TBI. Furthermore, we have identified the ERK/CREB/RAB11A pathway as a regulator of GAT1. These findings suggest that targeting mGluR5 may hold promise as a potential therapeutic strategy for enhancing cognition in individuals with TBI.
Twin support vector machine with two margin hyperplanes and weighted linear loss
Authors: Gong Rongfen , Chu Maoxiang , Liu Ling , Liu Liming
Published: December 2023

In this paper, we formulate a classification model based on twin support vector machine (TSVM), called twin margin distribution machine with equality constraints (ETMDM). The ETMDM determine two margin hyperplanes by solving two linear equations. The margin hyperplanes are used to replace the boundary hyperplanes in TSVM, resulting in the elimination of inequality constraints. Moreover, the margin hyperplanes investigate the margin distribution information of all samples by the margin mean and margin variance in large margin distribution machine (LDM). And the margin mean and margin variance are reconstructed by weighted linear loss and optimization scheme. The reconstructed margin distribution information can avoid suffering from the possible negative infinity problem and improve the computational efficiency. The experimental results on different types of datasets indicate that our ETMDM has excellent classification accuracy but with less computational time.
Disentangling the relationship of aboveground biomass, structure and tree diversity in a mixed Acacia plantation in Northern Vietnam
Authors: Doan Thi Nhat Minh , Manh Vu Van , Ruano Irene , Bravo Felipe
Published: December 2023

A diversification strategy of introducing two or more species is becoming increasingly prevalent in forest plantations previously dominated by single-species compositions. Improving productivity and enhancing other ecosystem services are the main reasons for this conversion. While mixing effects in temperate forests and plantations are well supported by empirical data, such information is scarce for tropical forest plantations. We analyzed the quantitative aboveground biomass - structure - tree diversity relationship in a tropical mixed-forest plantation in Northern Vietnam to gain insight into ecosystem service provision trade-offs. The study site was located in an abandoned Acacia mangium and Acacia auriculiformis (established in 2012) plantation in Northern Vietnam. A one-hectare permanent plot was installed in which all trees were identified individually by species, measured (diameter and height), and georeferenced. The descriptive analysis found that the study area contains 110.66 tons/ha of biomass in the aboveground tree compartments. The structural and species diversity analysis indicated high richness and high evenness compared to other forest plantations in the study area. A set of models was fitted and ranked to determine the relationship between aboveground biomass and structural and specific diversity. The results indicate that the Shannon index and height differentiation index were significant for both species while basal area was only significant for the Acacia mangium model. According to the model sensitivity analysis, aboveground biomass – and therefore carbon concentration – decrease as species diversity increases.
Gram-Negative Bacteria in Some Clinical Specimens and their Antibiotics Resistance Profiles, Sana’a, Yemen
Authors: Al-Ofairi Bashir Ahmed , Edrees Wadhah Hassan , Al-Jendy Ahmed Salem , Alrahabi Lutf Mohammed , Obad Khadija Naji
Published: December 2023

Background and Objective: Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) have emerged globally as significant public health problems owing to their high resistance to antibiotics, particularly in developing countries such as Yemen. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the antibiotic resistance profile of GNB isolated from clinical samples in Sana’a City, Yemen.
Methods: A total of 420 clinical samples, including vaginal swabs, urine, and pus, were collected from patients who attended some hospitals in Sana’a City, Yemen, in 2018. The collected specimens were examined according to standard microbiological methods, and the isolated bacteria were tested against some antibacterial agents using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar.
Results: Among 420 specimens, the prevalence of gram-negative bacteria infections was 49.76%. A high rate of GNB was reported among the age group of 41–50 years old (57.97%), female patients (52.19%), those who came from rural areas (60.0%), and those who were uneducated (86.56%). The vaginal specimens exhibited a higher prevalence of bacterial bacteria (60.42%), followed by urine (51.28%) and pus (35.0%). Escherichia coli accounted for the greatest proportion of bacteria recovered from the study's patients (36.62%),followed by Klebsiellapneumoniae (18.66%), Enterobacter sp. (12.32%), Acinetobacter sp. (10.92%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9.15%), Citrobacter sp. (6.34%), and Proteus mirabilis (5.99%). E. coliwas highly resistant to imipenem and enrofloxacin. Similarly, K. pneumoniaeand P. aeruginosa were highly resistant to imipenem and norfloxacin. About 62.86% of Enterobacter sp. isolates were resistant to imipenem. In addition, 83.33–78.97% of Acinetobacter sp. isolates were resistant to imipenem and meropenem. Citrobacter sp. had high resistance to norfloxacin. Additionally, over 50% of P. mirabilis isolates were resistant to ofloxacin, norfloxacin, cefuroxime, and ceftizoxime.
Conclusion: The conclusion is that there exists a significant proportion of GNB prevalence and antibacterial resistance among the study subjects. Therefore, multisectoral approach is needed for implementing effective strategies to reduce the transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria among the community.
Rewiring care delivery through Digital Therapeutics (DTx): a Machine Learning-Enhanced Assessment and Development (M-LEAD) framework
Authors: Carrera Alessandro , Manetti Stefania , Lettieri Emanuele
Published: December 2023

Background
Digital transformation has sparked profound change in the healthcare sector through the development of innovative digital technologies. Particular attention should be devoted to Digital Therapeutics, which offers an innovative approach to disease management and treatment. The result is a landscape in which care delivery is increasingly patient-centered, data-driven, and based on real-time information. These technological innovations can lead to better patient outcomes and support for healthcare professionals. Digital transformation can, moreover, support healthcare systems by offering powerful tools to cope with the ever-increasing demand for care in an environment with limited resources. As these digital technologies continue to evolve, the healthcare field must be ready to integrate them into processes to take advantage of their benefits. This study aims to develop a framework for the development and assessment of Digital Therapeutics.
Methods
The study was conducted relying on a mixed methodology. 338 studies about Digital Therapeutics resulting from a systematic literature review were analyzed using descriptive statistics through RStudio. The software allowed studies to be described according to 33 variables. Three machine learning algorithms (K-NN, decision trees, random forests) were applied to analyze variables and find patterns in the data. The results of these analytical analyses were summarized in a framework qualitatively tested and validated through expert opinion elicitation in the form of semi-structured interviews and focus groups.
Results
The research provides M-LEAD, a Machine Learning-Enhanced Assessment and Development framework that recommends best practices for developing and assessing Digital Therapeutics. The framework takes as input Digital Therapeutics characteristics, regulatory aspects, study purpose, and assessment domains. The framework produces as outputs recommendations to design the Digital Therapeutics study characteristics, particularly the sources of evidence, study type and randomization, enrolled patients, study duration, comparators and arms, and outcomes.
Conclusions
The proposed framework seizes an opportunity and contributes to filling a relevant gap in Digital Therapeutics product development and assessment. The framework constitutes the first step toward standardized guidelines for the development and assessment of Digital Therapeutics. The results of this study may support manufacturers and inform decision-makers of the relevant results of the Digital Therapeutics assessment.
miRNAs involved in neuropathic pain can be reliably measured in saliva
Authors: Sampath Kesava Kovanur , Papannarao Jayanthi Bellae , Roberts Etelini , Schwenke Daryl , Katare Rajesh
Published: December 2023

Background: miRNAs have been shown to be dysregulated in Neuropathic pain conditions such as diabetic painful neuropathy (DPN). While invasive techniques such as blood samples are routinely used to collect and analyse miRNAs, the use of non-invasive techniques such as salivary samples for analysing miRNAs involved in neuropathic pain has been minimal. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine if miRNAs involved in neuropathic pain can be measured reliably in salivary samples comprising of healthy European and Pacific population.
Methods: Participants were recruited via advertisements on notice boards, social media, word of mouth, and pamphlets. Saliva samples were collected from healthy European and Pacifica Participants. Samples were stored in -80ºC until analysis. Total RNA was extracted using miRNEasy kit (Qiagen) following manufacturer’s protocol and the concentration was measured using Nanodrop (Thermofisher).
Results: A total of 37 healthy participants (19 European and 18 Pacifica; age range: 22-57 years) were included in the study. Results showed that four different miRNAs (miR-16, miR-124, miR-132 and miR-134) that have been demonstrated to be associated with DPN were expressed and reliably measured in all the salivary samples.
Conclusion: all the miRNAs identified in our study have been shown to be involved in neuropathic pain and inflammation. Hence, further research is required in this area to investigate the feasibility of extracting and analysing these miRNAs in people with neuropathic pain.
Detection of Duffy Blood Group Genotypes and Submicroscopic Plasmodium Infections Using Molecular Diagnostic Assays in Febrile Malaria Patients.
Authors: Abagero Beka Raya , Rama Rei , Obeid Abdulghani , Tolossa Tirusew , Legese Fikerte , Lo Eugenia , Yewhalaw Delenasaw
Published: December 2023

Background
Malaria remains a severe parasitic disease, posing a significant threat to public health and hindering economic development in sub-Saharan Africa. Ethiopia, a malaria endemic country, is facing a resurgence of the disease with a steadily rising incidence. Conventional diagnostic methods, such asmicroscopy, have become less effective due to low parasite density, particularly among Duffy-negative human populations in Africa. To develop comprehensive control strategies, it is crucial to generate data on the distribution and clinical occurrence of Plasmodium vivax and P. falciparum infections in regions where the disease is prevalent. This study assessed Plasmodium infections and Duffy antigen genotypes in febrile patients in Ethiopia.
Methods
Three hundred febrile patients visiting four health facilities in Jimma town of southwestern Ethiopia were randomly selected during the malaria transmission season (Apr–Oct). Sociodemographic information was collected, and microscopic examination was performed for all study participants. Plasmodiumspecies and parasitemia as well as the Duffy genotype were assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for all samples. Data were analyzed using Fisher’s exact test and kappa statistics.
Results
The Plasmodium infection rate by qPCR was 16% (48/300) among febrile patients, of which 19 (39.6%) were P. vivax, 25 (52.1%) were P. falciparum, and 4 (8.3%) were mixed (P. vivax and P. falciparum) infections. Among the 48 qPCR-positive samples, 39 (13%) were negative by microscopy. The results of bivariate logistic regression analysis showed that agriculture-related occupation, relapse and recurrence were significantly associated withPlasmodium infection (P<0.001). Of the 300 febrile patients, 85 (28.3%) were Duffy negative, of whom two had P. vivax, six had P. falciparum, and one had mixed infections.Except for one patient with P. falciparum infection, Plasmodium infections in Duffy-negative individuals were all submicroscopic with low parasitemia.
Conclusions
The present study revealed a high prevalence of submicroscopic malaria infections. Plasmodium vivax infections in Duffy-negative individuals were not detected due to low parasitemia. Here, we recommend an improved molecular diagnostic tool to detect and characterize plasmodium infections, with the goal of quantifyingP. vivax infection in Duffy-negative individuals.