bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aspects and optimization of the mixture for high performance concrete
Authors: Jerabek Jan , Marcalikova Zuzana , Pavka Premysl
Published: July 2024

High-performance concrete is currently receiving a lot of attention in research due to its properties and wide range of uses. This paper is focused on HPC, where the optimization of the mixture is specifically addressed regarding the technological solution of construction. The first reference variant uses an approach that is suitable for processing at a concrete plant. An alternative solution is intended for the processing of dry concrete mixture, which can be bagged and the concrete itself produced at the construction site. The paper deals with the comparison of two HPC based on the same input and quantity of raw materials except for the superplasticizer. The purpose is to determine the HPC behaviour and properties of a reference mixture with conventional liquid superplasticizers and a mixture using powdered superplasticizer. The experimental program includes tests of the mechanical properties of compressive strength and flexural strength, where growth was monitored during the first 28 days, split tensile strength and velocity of ultrasound wave. Attention is also paid to fresh mixture tests. Although in the long term the mechanical properties of tested materials were very similar, the difference was determined during the first few days and weeks of hardening, when in mixture using powdered superplasticizer strength characteristics were increasing noticeably slower than in case of referential mixture.
The influence of the use of recycled rubber in concrete on its selected properties
Authors: Gandel Radoslav , Jerabek Jan , Varak Jaromir
Published: July 2024

The paper deals with the area of the use of recycled materials with regard to the potential of sustainable development of the construction industry. The need for recycling and new solutions in materials engineering is constantly growing. Potential sources of recycled raw materials also include rubber recyclate, where two mixtures with different proportions of recycled rubber are compared within the proposed experimental program. The researched mixtures reflect the need for local resources, which also reflects the needs of the circular economy. The experimental program is focused on typical mechanical properties, which are supplemented by specialized tests. Among the results of the experimental program is that with significant proportions of rubber granulate, not only the mechanical properties are affected, but also the durability is significantly affected with regard to the action of the external environment.
Surface modification of alkali-activated materials regarding durability
Authors: Prochazka Lukas , Brazdova Adela
Published: July 2024

This paper deals with the possibility of applying a surface modification coating to hybrid alkali-activated materials based on granulated blast-furnace slag activated with disodium metasilicate anhydrous with partial replacement of silica fly ash and cement by-pass dust in the amounts of 15% and 15%. The selected coatings (epoxy and synthetic) were applied in two series - the first, deposited in the water after demolding, and the second, wrapped in foil. The strength of the materials, the thickness of the coating and the effect of scaling resistance were monitored in the experiment. The compressive strength of this mixture was around 68 MPa and the flexural strength was around 6.5 MPa after 28 days of curing. For the tensile strengths of the prepared composites, slightly higher strengths were obtained for the samples deposited in the plastic foil, with the strengths of both series being around 2.4 MPa. For the scaling resistance, the lowest weight losses were achieved for the specimens coated with synthetic coating, which is valid for both deposition methods.
Exploring Supervised Machine Learning Techniques for Detecting Credit Card Fraud: An Investigative Review
Authors: Patel Amit , Patel Manish , Patel Pankaj
Published: July 2024

Given the current situation of the economy, credit card use has increased significantly. Users can make significant cash payments with these cards without carrying a lot of cash on them. They have simplified the process of conducting cashless transactions and enabled consumers to make payments of any kind with greater ease. While there are many benefits to using this electronic payment method, there are also some risks. In tandem with the expansion of the consumer base. A specific person’s credit card information may be unlawfully acquired and used in fraudulent purchases. To tackle this issue, certain machine learning methods may be applied to gather information. This research offers a comparative analysis of many supervised learning method for identifying real from fake transactions. In this article, we have covered a variety of techniques for spotting credit card fraud.
Harnessing Twitter: Sentiment Analysis for Predicting Election Outcomes in India
Authors: Patel Sanjay B. , Dharwa Jyotendra , Patel Chandrakant D.
Published: July 2024

This paper explores the potential of Twitter, a popular social media platform, as a tool for predicting election outcomes. Sentiment analysis has emerged as a powerful tool for predicting election outcomes, with numerous studies showcasing its effectiveness in various countries. For instance, research has utilized sentiment analysis to forecast election results in nations like the USA, India, Pakistan and other countries, demonstrating the utility of social media data in gauging public opinion and predicting electoral results [1]. Elections in India are always considered important events that most people look forward to the rapid growth of social media in the past has provided end users with powerful tools to share their ideas. Twitter, which is one such platform, provides daily updates on political events through various hashtags and trends. People react to political events and give their opinions. Our approach is to collect tweets from top political parties contesting the Gujarat Assembly Elections 2022, and then calculate sentiment scores. The database includes a variety of recent and well-liked tweets about a specific political party. Party tweets are generated with specific keywords like “BJP”, “AAP”,“Congress” and so on. In the context of India, Twitter sentiment analysis tools and classification have been used to predict the outcomes of state assembly elections, underscoring the potential of social media data in forecasting electoral results within the country [2]. We used standard machine learning algorithms like VADER sentiment analyzer on Random Forest and Decision Tree for our classification and testing data to classify tweets as positive and negative. As a result, this work uses sentiment analysis to evaluate tweets gathered from Twitter and forecast election outcomes. This work shows the growing influence of social media on politics and the feasibility of using such platforms for predictive analysis. The findings of this study could provide valuable insights for political parties, policymakers, and researchers interested in the intersection of social media and politics. Random Forest and Decision Tree models performed well in predicting election outcomes based on sentiment analysis on Twitter data with 89% and 86% respectively.
Advancing Sustainable Urban Development in India through Energy-Efficient HVAC Solutions for Viksit Bharat 2047 Mission
Authors: Patel Kaushik K. , Patel Piyush R.
Published: July 2024

This research paper explores the pivotal role of energy-efficient Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems in propelling sustainable urban development within the framework of India’s ambitious Viksit Bharat 2047 mission. By examining the intersection of sustainable urbanization and HVAC technology, this study aims to elucidate how innovative HVAC solutions can contribute to the realization of Viksit Bharat’s vision for environmentally conscious and resilient urban environments by the year 2047. [12] Through a comprehensive analysis of best practices, technological advancements, and policy interventions, this paper offers insights into the transformative potential of energy-efficient HVAC systems in fostering sustainable growth, enhancing indoor comfort, and mitigating environmental impacts in India’s rapidly evolving urban landscape.
Artificial Intelligence based Intrusion Detection System – A Detailed Survey
Authors: Sharma Vishwas , Shah Dharmesh , Sharma Sachin , Gautam Sunil
Published: July 2024

The Internet and communications have rapidly expanded, leading to a significant rise in data generation and heterogeneity. Intrusion detection systems play a crucial role in ensuring the security and integrity of computer systems. These systems have been developed by researchers, academicians, and practitioners to effectively detect and mitigate network attacks. Intrusion detection systems are designed to analyze network traffic and compare it with a baseline of normal behavior, allowing them to identify any deviations or inconsistencies that may indicate an intrusion. Furthermore, the cooperative and distributed architecture of intrusion detection systems enables them to effectively detect attacks and protect the network from unauthorized access. Additionally, to enhance the performance of intrusion detection systems, techniques such as resampling the dataset and utilizing classifier ensemble are used to improve the classification accuracy. Moreover, intrusion detection systems have been integrated with intrusion response systems to ensure a timely and effective response to detected attacks. AI-based Intrusion Detection Systems have emerged as a crucial tool in ensuring network security and combating cyber threats. These systems utilize artificial intelligence algorithms to analyze network traffic, identify patterns of malicious activity, and detect potential cyber-attacks. They have proven to be highly effective in improving the detection accuracy, reducing false alarms, and even detecting previously unknown types of attacks. In summary, the development of accurate and efficient intrusion detection systems is crucial for ensuring network security. In today’s rapidly changing world, the significance of accurate intrusion detection systems cannot be overstated.
Low Latency Device to Device Communications for Sustainable Development
Authors: Makhija Deven , Bera Rabindranath , Dhar Sourav
Published: July 2024

The 5G device to device (D2D) communication is being given impetus as technology for achieving sustainable development goals (SDG) in various fields like health, smart city, education, infrastructure and clean energy. The low latency device to device communications are key enablers for achieving the goals and objectives promulgated as SDG. Network virtualisation, software defined networks, beamforming, artificial intelligence and cognitive methods are facilitating roll out of applications enabling achievement of SDG. The interference mitigation, efficient resource allocation, energy efficiency, mobility management, Quality of Service, scalability, standardisation and interoperability are few challenges being addressed to facilitate implementation of technology and its applications. In this paper existing work on D2D communications, its applications and research challenges has been reviewed. The impetus to D2D and mission critical communications by 3GPP frameworks and releases has been summarized. The SDG applications and research challenges have been analysed to highlight its implications on roll out of technology to achieve the SDG objectives and goals. These SDG applications and technology have the prospective to transform varied fields of health, education, infrastructure and industry for achieving goals.
Les objectifs et les principales indications de la physiothérapie
Authors: Carbrera Gonzalez Joaquim
Published: July 2024

La physiothérapie vétérinaire est une discipline qui connaît un développement très important, pour son champ d’application et l’évolution des soins prodigués aux animaux de compagnie.

Les différents tissus : muscle, os, cartilage, ligaments et tendons, suivent un schéma général de récupération très similaire, mais avec des temps de récupération et des particularités propres à chacun.

La physiothérapie vétérinaire a de nombreuses applications : tout d’abord, une finalité thérapeutique dans le cas de nombreuses affections qui peuvent ainsi être soit traitées, soit améliorées : problèmes orthopédiques (dysplasie de hanche, dysplasie de coude, fractures, malformations, ...), neurologiques (hernie discale, troubles de l’équilibre, ...), dégénératifs (ostéoarthrose, ...), surpoids et obésité, ...

Elle peut également avoir un rôle préventif pour limiter ou éviter l’apparition de symptômes en phase débutante de ces maladies. Elle a enfin, un rôle important lorsqu’il s’agit de l’entraînement d’un chien de sport ou d’un chien de travail.

Elle peut permettre, entre autres, de diminuer la douleur, d’augmenter la mobilité, de récupérer la sensibilité, d’augmenter la force musculaire, de récupérer l’équilibre ou de diminuer les contractures.

D’un point de vue légal, il y a deux éléments à prendre en compte : premièrement, seul un vétérinaire diplômé est habilité à exercer la physiothérapie vétérinaire ; en deuxième lieu, suite à l’effet antalgique de certaines procédures, elles peuvent être considérée comme dopage lors d’une compétition sportive.
L’épilepsie structurelle chez le furet et les oiseaux
Authors: Boussarie Didier
Published: July 2024

L’épilepsie structurelle est rare chez le furet, par rapport aux crises hypoglycémiques dues dans la grande majorité des cas à un insulinome. Elle peut avoir une origine environnementale, traumatique, congénitale et virale représentée par le Coronavirus systémique, le virus de la maladie de Carré et le parvovirus de la maladie aléoutienne. L’épilepsie structurelle est également rare chez les oiseaux et il convient d’en rechercher les causes qui peuvent être très variées : traumatique, bactérienne, virale, parasitaire, tumorale et congénitale.
Zugang für alle? – Gerechtigkeit
Authors: Bracher Gaby
Published: July 2024

Die meisten Therapeut*innen wünschen sich Gerechtigkeit, sowohl für sich selbst als auch für ihre Patient*innen. Wenn Forderungen danach Gehör finden sollen und man Maßnahmen umsetzen möchte, muss man den Begriff allerdings in seiner Anwendung schärfen. Als Teil einer Gesellschaft haben wir alle die Möglichkeit, für das einzustehen, was uns als gerecht erscheint. Denn der Kampf wird nicht ausschließlich auf dem großen politischen Parkett geführt, sondern auch in unser aller Alltag.
Tradition trifft Wissenschaft – Update Akupunktur
Authors: Usichenko Taras
Published: July 2024

Die Therapie mithilfe dünner Nadeln beruht auf 3000 Jahren Erfahrung. Sie wurde in China entwickelt und erfreut sich in Europa immer größerer Beliebtheit. Ihr werden stark schmerzlindernde Qualitäten zugeschrieben.
„Ein Entwurf, der äußerst mutlos daherkommt“ – Novellierung des Berufsgesetzes
Authors: Czernik Claudia
Published: July 2024

Im Februar 2024 kam ein Vorabentwurf für ein mögliches Gesetz zur Reform der Berufe in der Physiotherapie an die Öffentlichkeit. Das „Bündnis Therapieberufe an die Hochschulen“ wird seitdem nicht müde, Kritik am Entwurf zu üben und erforderliche Anpassungen anzumahnen.
Von der unteren Extremität lernen – Update laterale Epikondylopathie
Authors: Loewe Chris , Reuter Sven
Published: July 2024

Während es für chronische Tendinopathien der unteren Extremität etablierte Behandlungsprogramme gibt, sind die Empfehlungen für jene am Ellenbogen deutlich weniger eindeutig – ein Evidenzupdate.
Profile und Merkmale psychiatrischer Pflegefachpersonen in der
gemeindenahen Gesundheitsversorgung von Menschen mit psychischen Erkrankungen –
Integratives Review und thematische Framework Analyse
Authors: Scheydt Stefan , Hegedüs Anna
Published: July 2024

Ziel Exploration der spezifischen Tätigkeitsfelder von Community Mental
Health Nurses (CMHNs) innerhalb verschiedener CMHN-Rollen und
Versorgungskontexte.

Methoden Systematische Literaturrecherche in CINAHL, PubMed/Medline,
Google und Google Scholar, ergänzt durch eine Suche in verschiedenen
Verlagsdatenbanken. Die Analyse und Synthese der Daten erfolgte in Anlehnung an
die Methode der Framework Analyse.

Ergebnisse Es wurden zwei Rollenprofile von CMHNs identifiziert, die
unterschiedliche Funktionen in der ambulanten Versorgung von psychisch kranken
Menschen beschreiben: (A) Primary Care CMHN und (B) Specialized Care CMHN. Für
jedes Rollenprofil werden kontextuelle Faktoren und spezifische Rolleninhalte
beschrieben und im Hinblick auf Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede analysiert.

Schlussfolgerungen Die beschriebenen Rollenprofile können als Vorlage für
die Entwicklung von Curricula im Bereich CMHN dienen. Hier ist es wichtig, den
nationalen Kontext sowie den vorherrschenden und zukünftigen psychosozialen
Versorgungsbedarf zu berücksichtigen.
Die moderne TARE 2023 – von der Palliativversorgung zur kurativen Behandlungsalternative
Authors: Gebauer Bernhard , Collettini Federico , Pfob Christian Helmut , Lapa Constantin
Published: July 2024

Die selektive interne Radiotherapie (SIRT) oder transarterielle Radioembolisation (TARE) ist eine Behandlungsalternative beim hepatozellulären Karzinom (HCC) oder hepatisch metastasierten kolorektalen Karzinom (mCRC) und ist mittlerweile in vielen Leitlinien verankert. Der Artikel fasst die aktuellen Leitlinien zur SIRT/TARE beim HCC bzw. mCRC zusammen.
Thiourea/NCBSI/HCl System: Telescoping Alkyl Halide to Alkyl Sulfonyl Chloride by Recyclable N-Chloro-N-(phenylsulfonyl)benzene Sulfonamide (NCBSI)
Authors: Chaturbhuj Ganesh U. , Gaikwad Shweta S.
Published: July 2024

A convenient and efficient method to synthesize diverse alkyl sulfonyl chlorides through N-chloro-N-(phenylsulfonyl)benzene sulfonamide (NCBSI)-mediated oxidative chlorosulfonation of S-alkyl isothiouronium salts obtained from alkyl chlorides is presented. Synthesizing structurally diverse alkyl sulfonyl chloride in moderate to excellent yields up to 98% from alkyl halide was achieved via easy formation of S-alkyl isothiouronium salts using inexpensive thiourea. The mild reaction conditions and broad substrate scope make this method attractive for alkylsulfonyl chloride syntheses.
Phosphazene-Catalyzed Cascade Esterification/Stereoselective Aza-Michael Addition of Chiral β-Trifluoromethyl-α,β-unsaturated N-Acylated Oxazolidin-2-ones
Authors: Soorukram Darunee , Racochote Sasirome , Kuhakarn Chutima , Leowanawat Pawaret , Reutrakul Vichai
Published: July 2024

Upon treatment of chiral β-trifluoromethyl-α,β-unsaturated N-acylated oxazolidin-2-ones with a range of alcohols using phosphazene base as a catalyst, the unexpected cascade esterification/stereoselective aza-Michael addition was observed. The reactions proceeded with high diastereoselectivities (up to >99:1) to give a series of enantioenriched aza-Michael addition products in good to high yields. The structure and stereochemistry of the representative aza-Michael adduct were confirmed by X-ray crystal structure analysis. The plausible mechanism was proposed on the basis of the experimental results.The synthetic transformations of chiral aza-Michael addition products were also demonstrated highlighting the synthetic application of the present work.
Assessing the Quality of Life in Hydrocephalic Children: A Study from Tertiary Care Hospitals in Pakistan
Authors: Khan Arshad , Akbar Neelam , Abbas Sameen , Mushtaq Saima , Ahmad Nafees , Khan Amjad
Published: July 2024

Background Hydrocephalus is a neurological disease with higher prevalence in the pediatric population, often managed by placing a shunt. This hollow tube drains excess cerebrospinal fluid from the brain to other body parts, resulting in several complications, including neurological and psychometric manifestations and a compromised quality of life (QoL). This study aimed to evaluate QoL in patients with hydrocephalus shunt placement within the pediatric population.

Methods This prospective observational study was conducted in two major Pakistani tertiary care hospitals. A total of 100 subjects were enrolled, of which 52 were found eligible. A validated questionnaire, Hydrocephalus Outcome Questionnaire, was used to evaluate patients' QoL.

Results This study included pediatric patients with a mean age of 6.54 years and a standard deviation of ± 2.64. The male-to-female ratio was 27:25; 2% of patients had congenital or tumor-induced hydrocephalus, while cases of meningitis, encephalocele, and encephalitis accounted for 8, 4, and 2%, respectively. Myelomeningocele had the highest prevalence at 16%. The overall health scores range from 0.39 to 0.51. Social, cognitive, and physical health scores have mean values of 0.54, 0.50, and 0.48, respectively. The minimum physical health score is 0.17, indicating the most significant impact of hydrocephalus on physical function.

Conclusion This study highlights variations in hydrocephalus severity among pediatric patients, impacting their overall QoL, primarily physical and behavioral functioning. Worse health outcomes were associated with frequent seizures, prolonged hospital stays for diagnosis and treatment, shunt infections, increased number of shunt catheters, and longer travel distances to medical facilities.
Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Bicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes
Authors: Dong Jianyang , Xue Dong , Liao Huijuan
Published: July 2024

In the past three years, bicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes and their structural analogues have emerged as useful bioisosteres of meta-substituted (hetero)arenes. To meet the increasing demand for bicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes, chemists have developed a plethora of novel methods for their synthesis. In this short review, we assess the research progress on their synthesis and functionalization, considering both the scope and mechanistic aspects. In addition, we discuss the posed challenges and the outlook for the identification of new reaction manifolds to access novel functionalized bicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes.

1 Introduction

2 Synthesis of Bicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes (BCHeps)

3 Synthesis of 3-Azabicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes (3-Aza-BCHeps)

4 Conclusion and Outlook
N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Reassembly of Dibenzyl Ethers: Facile Access to α-Hydroxy Ketones
Authors: Ju Lei , Wang Teng , Yu Xinhong , Li Zheyao , Bao Ruipeng , Lin Xinbo
Published: July 2024

A novel one-pot cascade process of oxidation-initiated, N-heterocyclic carbene catalyzed, reintegration of dibenzyl ethers has been developed for the first time. This protocol allows straightforward access to α-hydroxy ketones from dibenzyl ethers. It is noteworthy that the present method is the first attempt to synthesize benzoin from dibenzyl ether.
Pd-Catalyzed Transfer Hydrogenation of Alkenes Using Tetrahydroxydiboron as the Sole Hydrogen Donor
Authors: Stokes Benjamin J. , Yaghoubi Mahshid , Reyes Isabella C.
Published: July 2024

Tetrahydroxydiboron-mediated catalytic transfer hydrogenations have typically involved co-additives that, like tetrahydroxydiboron itself, are H atom donors. Herein we report an alkene transfer hydrogenation method with tetrahydroxydiboron as the sole source of H atoms. The reaction uses Pd(OAc)2 as a convenient putative colloid pre-catalyst, and cyclic monoethers are competent solvents. Highly efficient alkene deuteration is demonstrated using tetradeuteroxydiboron.
Zinc Carbenoid-Promoted Methylene Insertion in Saturated Heterocycles: Mechanistic Insights and Reactivity Profiles
Authors: Nakamura Hiroyuki , Tsuda Masato
Published: July 2024

The ring expansion of saturated heterocycles through methylene insertion into N–O bonds using a zinc carbenoid is described. This transformation is applied to 1,2-oxazetidines and 1,2-oxazolidines, while N-tosylated 1,2-oxazinane affords a ring-opened product. Density functional theory calculations suggest a stepwise reaction mechanism of the ring expansion and elucidate the origins of the different reactivities observed.
Establishing H Angle Hard Tissue and H Angle Soft Tissue Norms in Skeletal Class I Malay Adult Females and the Correlation between the H Angles and Visual Perception of Laypersons
Authors: Cheong Joo Ming , A. Halim Nur Adlina , Mohammad Norsyamimi , Sivagnanam Mangaiyarkarasi , Mohd Ibrahim Mohamad Shafiq
Published: July 2024

Objectives This study aimed to establish the cephalometric norms of H angle soft tissue and H angle hard tissue of Malaysian Malay adult females, and to evaluate the correlation between H angles and visual perception in skeletal Class I Malay adult females.

Materials and Methods Eighty-five lateral cephalograms of skeletal Class I (mean ANB value = 3.15 ± 0.77) Malaysian Malay female patients aged 20 to 40 years (mean age = 28.6 ± 5.86 degrees) taken from October 2017 to December 2021 were measured for H angle soft tissue and H angle hard tissue. Twenty silhouettes were then converted from cephalometric films and were rated according to facial convexity/concavity by 20 laypersons, with re-evaluation after 2 weeks for intra- and interexaminer reliabilities.

Results The means of the H angle soft tissue and H angle hard tissue were 15.75 ± 4.16 degrees and 11.64 ± 4.71 degrees, respectively. The intraexaminer reliability test for visual perception ranged from −0.89 to 0.99 indicating poor to excellent reliability, whereas the interexaminer reliability test was 0.82 indicating good reliability. A highly statistically significant association between the H angle soft tissue and H angle hard tissue (r = 0.938; p < 0.01) was found. There was no correlation between H angles and visual perception.

Conclusion The cephalometric norms of H angle hard tissue and H angle soft tissue in the Malaysian Malay female population were established: 11.64 degrees (±4.71 degrees) and 15.75 degrees (±4.16 degrees), respectively. There was a strong correlation between H angle soft tissue and H angle hard tissue among skeletal Class I Malay adult females. There was no correlation between H angles and the visual perception of laypersons.
Preosteoblast Adhesion and Viability Study of Freeze-Dried Bovine Bone Block Scaffold Coated with Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell Secretome
Authors: Putri Arum Nur Kartika , Kamadjaja David Buntoro , Rizqiawan Andra , Amir Muhammad Subhan , Sumarta Ni Putu Mira , Paramita Dewi Kartikawati
Published: July 2024

Objectives Combining a three-dimensional scaffold with growth factors before implantation is one method used to increase scaffold bioactivity in bone tissue engineering. The mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)–conditioned medium (CM), called secretome, contains many proteins and growth factors required for tissue repair and growth. This study evaluated the bioactivity of a bovine bone scaffold combined with the secretome of human umbilical cord MSCs (hUC-MSCs) by analyzing MC3T3-E1 cell adhesion and viability on the scaffold.

Materials and Methods This in vitro laboratory study evaluated the effect of hUC-MSC secretome applied to bovine bone scaffolds processed using various techniques on MC3T3-E1 cell adhesion and viability. The three experimental groups included deproteinized bovine bone mineral–secretome (DBBM-CM), freeze-dried bovine bone–secretome (FDBB-CM), and decellularized FDBB-CM, whereas the control group was treated with DBBM alone. The cell adhesion test was performed using the centrifugation method after 6 and 24 hours, whereas the cell viability test was conducted using the trypan blue exclusion method after 24, 48, and 72 hours. Cell attachment was visualized after 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining and viewed under inverted fluorescence microscopy.

Stastical Analysis Statistical analyses were performed using one-way analysis of variance, followed by a post hoc test in cases of significant differences.

Results Statistical analyses showed significantly greater adhesion of the preosteoblasts to the FDBB-CM scaffold at 6 hours (p = 0.002). The results of the adhesion test at 24 hours and the viability tests at all observation times showed no significant differences (p > 0.05). This study found that the average MC3T3-E1 cell adhesions and viabilities were highest for the FDBB-CM and DBBM-CM scaffolds. DBBM scaffolds with the secretome had better cell adhesion and viability than those without the secretome.

Conclusion The addition of MSC secretome increased bovine bone scaffold bioactivity especially in DBBM and FDBB scaffolds.
Evaluation of Microstrain in the Regions Surrounding Morse Taper and External Hexagon Implants
Authors: Moreno André Luiz de Melo , Campaner Marcio , de Moraes Melo Neto Clóvis Lamartine , Moreno Nathaly Vilene de Araújo , dos Santos Daniela Micheline , Goiato Marcelo Coelho
Published: July 2024

Objective The aim of this study was to compare the Morse taper (MT) + titanium base (Ti-Base) abutment with the external hexagon (EH) + Ti-Base abutment by using the strain gauge method in the mesial, distal, and apical–buccal areas around these types of implants.

Materials and Methods This study investigated two groups, MT and EH, each comprising five polyurethane samples with a dental implant (3.75 × 11.5 mm) in the area of artificial tooth 15. The strain gauges were glued to the mesial, distal, and apical–buccal polyurethane areas of all samples in relation to the implant. Ti-Base nonangled abutments were installed on the implants in each group. Ten identical zirconia crowns were constructed by scanning and milling and were subsequently cemented onto the Ti-base abutments with calcium hydroxide cement. Then, an axial load of 100 N was applied to the occlusal region of the zirconia crowns, and strain gauge measurements were taken.

Statistical Analysis Strain gauge data were assessed by a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with “implant connection” and “strain gauge position” factors, followed by the Bonferroni test (p < 0.05).

Results The MT group showed significantly lower microstrain values in the mesial and apical strain gauges compared to the EH group.

Conclusion The MT group exhibited less microstrain in the mesial and apical areas of the polyurethane samples near the implant. Consequently, the MT connection was considered more biomechanically advantageous.
Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Injection of Platelet-Rich Plasma in Treatment of Sports-Related Meniscal Injuries
Authors: Raju Prabakar Singh , Sriraghavan Makesh Ram , Jayaraman Pazhani , Balasubramaniam Bheeshma , Karuppiah Karthik Shanmugavel , Kumararaja Poornima
Published: July 2024

Purpose Meniscal injuries are a common occurrence in sports-related activities, often leading to pain, reduced joint function, and impaired athletic performance. This study aimed to evaluate the role of ultrasound-guided intra-articular platelet-rich plasma (PRP)-rich fluid injection which was obtained through serial centrifugation in the treatment of meniscal injuries resulting from sports activities.

Materials and Methods A prospective study was conducted involving 54 cases with grade I, II, and III meniscal injuries, aged 18 and 43 years. PRP-rich fluid was prepared by subjecting autologous blood samples to a two-step centrifugation process. Patients were assessed pretreatment and at regular intervals posttreatment.

Results Patients reported reduced pain and improved joint functionality following treatment. Average age of the patients was 34.4 years, and average follow-up period was 275.1 days. It is noteworthy that no cases of bilateral meniscal injuries were identified; indicating that the focus was primarily on single knee injuries. Predominance of grade II injuries suggests that the PRP intervention might be particularly effective in addressing more severe meniscal tears.

Conclusion The results of our study provide compelling evidence for the positive impact of PRP augmentation in meniscus repair. Our findings indicate that PRP therapy has the potential to bring about substantial benefits for individuals with meniscus tears of the knee, particularly in terms of pain relief and enhanced functional capabilities.
Neurotrauma and Cerebrospinal Fluid in Homer's Poems
Authors: Borroto Carlos Enrique Hernández , Hernández Orquidia Reyes de , Plana Yuri Medrano
Published: July 2024

Homer's Iliad, from the 8th century BC, remains the oldest record of Greek medicine and a unique source of surgical history. The Odyssey, also authored by Homer, narrates several medically significant events. Among the 148 war traumas described in the Iliad, over a quarter occurred in the craniocervical region. Studies on the Odyssey report at least 11 craniocervical traumas, 9 of which prove fatal. Is there any indication of the presence of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the cases described by Homer, considering its last mention was 800 years prior in the Egyptian surgical papyrus of Edwin Smith? A passage in the Iliad suggests that the “tears” Homer mentions in the eyes of Eumelos, resulting from trauma, might be due to CSF oculorrhea secondary to a skull base fracture. In Odyssey Book IX, when the Cyclops strikes the heads of two sailors, and fluid and cranial contents emerge, it can be inferred that the poet was aware of fluid in the head (CSF), as there is no mention of blood. It is proposed that 800 years after the writing of the Edwin Smith papyrus, Homer probably provides the second human observation of CSF associated with traumatic situations involving direct head blows.
Stress-testing the international poverty line and the official global poverty statistics
Authors: Moatsos Michail , Lazopoulos Achillefs
Published: July 2024

We investigate the current method of derivation of the international poverty line used for monitoring SDG 1 in two key directions: (a) we ask whether the official method used by the World Bank is fit for the purpose of measuring extreme poverty and if their method is defensibly valid both internally and externally; and (b) we ask whether the resulting statistics perform acceptably well in terms of accuracy and precision. Using comparative analysis, error accounting methods, and minimization criteria, on key poverty indicators, our investigation gathers compelling evidence that leans towards a negative answer to both questions. We conclude that the adoption of alternative methods for monitoring global poverty should be considered in an official capacity with urgency.
Methods for measuring career readiness of high school students: based on multidimensional item response theory and text mining
Authors: Wang Peng , Zheng Yuanxin , Zhang Mingzhu , Yin Kexin , Geng Fei , Zheng Fangxiao , Ma Junchi , Wu Xiaojie
Published: July 2024

In contemporary society, career readiness holds paramount significance for individual life, exerting a direct influence on initial employment, job satisfaction, and the sense of career identity. Framed within multidimensional item response theory and text mining, this study embarks on exploring assessment methodologies for high school students’ career readiness by revising the “Career Readiness Questionnaire – Adolescent Version” and employing text mining techniques. Study One collected 1261 valid data points through cluster sampling. With the aid of Bayesian multivariate item response theory parameter estimation procedures and R language, the career readiness measurement tool was revised, yielding a concise scale that aligns with psychometric requirements. The research findings indicated that the concept of “career readiness” is more suitable for the multidimensional graded response model than for the bifactor model. The dataset’s discrimination parameters fell within the range of [1.59, 3.84], the difficulty parameters fell between [−2.91, 2.24], and the peak values of the maximum information functions fell within [0.24, 2.35]. After six items with the lowest peaks were removed (Items 4, 5, 6, 31, 32, and 33), the remaining 30 items composed the Chinese concise version “Career Readiness Questionnaire – Adolescent Version,” with discrimination parameters ranging from [1.45, 3.38], difficulty parameters between [−3.31, 1.76], and maximum information function peaks within [0.50, 2.64]. Building upon the effective participants from Study One, Study Two matched questionnaire data with textual information, resulting in 1012 valid participants. Leveraging text mining, a machine learning model was constructed to predict high school students’ career readiness based on essay texts. The results of Study 2 prove that the revised lexicon was more accurate in feature extraction. Building upon this, the machine learning model for essay text demonstrated excellent performance in predicting career readiness, with random forest outperforming the other algorithms. This study provides a novel approach for schools and parents to comprehend the state of career readiness among high school students, offering a convenient and effective tool for educational activities related to students’ career development.
Adapting existing transistor designs for mass-produced quantum computing devices
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: July 2024

With a few modifications, large-scale industrial fabs could provide low-cost, reliable devices for quantum computing.
Tunable plasmonic tweezers based on nanocavity array structure for multi-site nanoscale particles trapping
Authors: Yan Xiaoya , Shi Hongyan , Jia Pengxue , Sun Xiudong
Published: July 2024

The ability of plasmonic optical tweezers based on metal nanostructure to stably trap and dynamically manipulate nanoscale objects at low laser power has been widely used in the fields of nanotechnology and life sciences. In particular, their plasmonic nanocavity structure can improve the local field intensity and trap depth by confining electromagnetic fields to subwavelength volumes. In this paper, the R6G dye molecules with 10−6 M were successfully trapped by using the Ag@Polydimethylsiloxane nanocavity array structure, and a R6G micro-ring was formed under the combined action of plasmonic optical force and thermophoresis. Subsequently, the theoretical investigation revealed that the trapping performance can be flexibly adjusted by changing the structural parameters of the conical nanocavity unit, and it can provide a stable potential well for polystyrene particles of RNP = 14 nm when the cavity depth is 140 nm. In addition, it is found that multiple trapping sites can be activated simultaneously in the laser irradiation area by investigating the trapping properties of the hexagonal conical nanocavity array structure. This multi-site stable trapping platform makes it possible to analyze multiple target particles contemporaneously.
Tailoring lyotropic liquid crystals for skin barrier penetration: Exploring composition and structure–function relationships
Authors: Priya Sakshi , Desai Vaibhavi Meghraj , Singhvi Gautam
Published: July 2024

Lyotropic liquid crystals (LLCs) have garnered attention as a promising nanocarrier delivery system for enhancing skin permeation owing to their unique structural properties, such as improved drug loading and controlled drug release and versatility. LLCs are greatly explored for topical drug delivery owing to their strong bio-adhesive nature and structural similarity to the biological membranes when applied topically, which improves skin retention and permeation of the drugs. This review explores the functionality of structural design, especially the optimization of micellar systems, hexagonal and lamellar phases, and bicontinuous cubic and sponge phases, to achieve efficient skin permeation of therapeutic loaded LLCs. Furthermore, customization of surfactant to achieve skin compatibility and permeation is explored along with incorporating molecular modifications, functionalization, and the influence of surfactant hydrophilic–lipophilic balance. Additionally, the review illuminates the impact of LLCs curvature and the engineering of ordered and disordered phases for optimal drug release. Emerging advanced techniques such as surface modification with various ligands, stimuli-responsive LLCs for on-demand drug release, and combination therapies with multifunctional LLCs for synergistic effects that can promote targeted and site-specific drug delivery have also been discussed. The detailed findings have been discussed in this review with appropriate case studies. Challenges and future perspectives in designing and formulating LLCs for skin permeation are addressed to ignite future research. The knowledge and advancements presented in this review pave the way for developing next-generation LLCs-based systems, enabling enhanced permeation through the skin and opening new possibilities in the treatment of various dermatological conditions.
Generation of the vortex terahertz radiation by the interaction of two-color Laguerre–Gaussian laser with plasmas in the presence of a static magnetic field
Authors: Zhang De-Sheng , Hong Xue-Ren , Zhang Xiao-Bo , Tang Rong-An , Xie Bai-Song
Published: July 2024

The generation of vortex terahertz (THz) radiation by the interaction of a two-color Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) laser with plasmas under an external magnetic field is investigated theoretically and numerically. It is found that the vortex THz radiation with good monoenergetic properties can be generated successfully, and the orbital angular momentum of the LG lasers can be transferred to the radiation. In this scheme, the external magnetic field can not only enhance the intensity but can also break the spatial distribution symmetry of the vortex THz radiation. With the increase in the initial plasma density, the intensity of the vortex THz radiation increases significantly before reaching saturation and the spatial period of the radiation decreases, which indicates the monoenergetic peak of the vortex THz radiation can be well controlled through the initial plasma density. The relevant conclusions are verified by two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations.
Quantum states generation and manipulation in a programmable silicon-photonic four-qubit system with high-fidelity and purity
Authors: Lee Jong-Moo , Park Jiho , Bang Jeongho , Sohn Young-Ik , Baldazzi Alessio , Sanna Matteo , Azzini Stefano , Pavesi Lorenzo
Published: July 2024

We present a programmable silicon photonic four-qubit integrated circuit for the generation and manipulation of diverse quantum states. The silicon photonic chip integrates photon-pair sources, pump-reducing filters, wavelength-division-multiplexing filters, Mach–Zehnder interferometer switches, and single-qubit arbitrary gates, enabling versatile state preparation and tomography. We measure Hong–Ou–Mandel interference with an impressive 98% visibility using four-photon coincidence, laying the foundation for high-purity qubits. Our analysis involves estimating the fidelity and purity of distinct quantum states through maximum-likelihood estimation applied to tomographic measurements. In our experimental results, we showcase the following achievements: a heralded single qubit achieving 98.2% fidelity and 98.3% purity, a Bell state reaching 95.2% fidelity and 94.8% purity, and a four-qubit system with two simultaneous Bell states exhibiting 87.4% fidelity and 84.6% purity. Finally, a four-qubit Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) state demonstrates 85.4% fidelity and 81.7% purity. In addition, we certify the entanglement of the four-photon GHZ state through Bell’s inequality violations and a negative entanglement witness.
Impact of microplastic pollution on breaking waves
Authors: Bergfreund Jotam , Wobill Ciatta , Evers Frederic M. , Hohermuth Benjamin , Bertsch Pascal , Lebreton Laurent , Windhab Erich J. , Fischer Peter
Published: July 2024

Anthropogenic plastic waste heavily pollutes global water systems. In particular, micron-sized plastic debris can have severe repercussions for the ocean flora and fauna. Microplastics may also affect physical processes such as wave breaking, which are critical for air–sea interaction and albedo. Nevertheless, the effects of micron-sized plastic debris on geophysical processes are widely unexplored. Herein, we investigate the effect of microplastic collected from the North Pacific and a surfactant mimicking surface active materials present in the ocean on the stability of foam generated by breaking wave experiments. We found that microplastic particles increase foam stability. In particular, an increased foam height was found in a column foaming setup, while an increased foam area was observed in a laboratory-scale breaking wave channel. We propose that microplastic particles assemble at the air–water interface of foam bubbles, form aggregates, presumably decrease the liquid drainage in the liquid film, and thus change the lifetime of the liquid film and the bubble. The effect of surfactants is generally larger due to their higher surface activity but still in a range where synergistic effects can be observed. Our results suggest that microplastic could influence oceanic processes essential for air–sea interaction, sea spray formation, and albedo.
Efficient deep reinforcement learning strategies for active flow control based on physics-informed neural networks
Authors: Hu Wulong , Jiang Zhangze , Xu Mingyang , Hu Hanyu
Published: July 2024

Reducing the reliance on intrusive flow probes is a critical task in active flow control based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL). Although a scarcity of flow data captured by probes adversely impacts the control proficiency of the DRL agent, leading to suboptimal flow modulation, minimizing the use of redundant probes significantly reduces the overall implementation costs, making the control strategy more economically viable. In this paper, we propose an active flow control method based on physics-informed DRL. This method integrates a physics-informed neural network into the DRL framework, harnessing the inherent physical characteristics of the flow field using strategically placed probes. We analyze the impact of probe placement, probe quantity, and DRL agent sampling strategies on the fidelity of flow predictions and the efficacy of flow control. Using the wake control of a two-dimensional cylinder flow with a Reynolds number of 100 as a case study, we position a specific number of flow probes within the flow field to gather pertinent information. When benchmarked against traditional DRL techniques, the results are unequivocal: in terms of training efficiency, physics-informed DRL reduces the training cycle by up to 30 rounds. Furthermore, by decreasing the number of flow probes in the flow field from 164 to just 4, the physics-based DRL achieves superior drag reduction through more precise control. Notably, compared to traditional DRL control, the drag reduction effect is enhanced by a significant 6%.
Improvement for modeling the damping of the wake oscillator based on the Van der Pol scheme
Authors: Liu Zhigang , Jin Chuan , Li Sunwei , Li Wei , Wang Jiayao
Published: July 2024

Given the importance of risers and umbilical cables in the exploitation of deep-sea resources, the vortex induced vibration (VIV) of long flexible cylinders has been systematically studied, and it is acknowledged that the wake oscillator is a satisfactory tool in practically predicting the VIV for offshore engineering applications. Based on the conventional wake oscillator with different damping term formulations, the present study systematically explores the influences of the coefficients and the maximum order of a polynomial damping term within the Van der Pol type wake oscillator. More specifically, the coefficients of the second-order polynomial are adjusted to vary inside a reasonable range, and the polynomial order is increased from the conventional specification of 2–4, 6, and 8. The vibrations of the flexible cylinder predicted by the revised wake oscillator are compared to the measurements taken from an experiment reported in the literature. The comparison indicates that increasing polynomial coefficients generally reduce VIV dominant mode numbers. In addition, increasing the polynomial order aligns the dominant mode more closely with experimental data, although this effect diminishes when the polynomial order exceeds 4. It is argued that the gradual change in phase differences along the cylinder induced by increasing either polynomial coefficient or maximum order could be the reason. The present study sheds light into the mechanism for the damping effect observed in hydrodynamic forces observed in VIVs and lays the foundation for suggesting an optimal formulation of the damping terms as 0.45q2+0.6q−0.3 compared to the conventional formulation of 0.3q2−0.3.