bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MENGAMATI INDONESIANIS: DARI ANTROPOLOGI BUDAYA, POLITIK KOLONIAL HINGGA HEGEMONI DAN PENGENDALIAN WACANA MODERN
Authors: Amin Syaifullah , Murtaufiq Sudarto
Published: May 2021

Ilmu Antropologi Budaya muncul sebagai cabang ilmiah baru pada paruh kedua abad ke-19. Antropologi Budaya kemudian datang dengan anggapan-anggapan tertentu mengenai kebudayaan-kebudayaan bangsa yang saling tumpang tindih di dunia. Generasi pertama Antropologi Budaya memperkenalkan teori evolusi kebudayaan yang dibawa oleh G.A. Wilken. Teori ini menganggap bahwa kebudayaan manusia akan berkembang dari tingkat-tingkat kebudayaan rendah menuju tingkat kebudayaan tinggi karena terdorong oleh suatu kekuatan intern kebudayaan rendah tersebut.Dalam proses evolusinya masing-masing bangsa akan mengalami tingkatan-tingkatan tertentu. Hingga sekarang teori ini masih meyakini bahwa hanya Amerika Serikat dan Eropa Barat-lah yang telah mencapai suatu bentuk kebudayaan tingkat tinggi, sedangkan bangsa-bangsa lainnya hanyalah sedikit â€“atau bahkan sama sekali belumâ€“ beranjak dari kebudayaan awalnya, yakni semenjak manusia pertama kali muncul di muka bumi. Banyak pengamat dan sarjana-sarjana kebudayaan yang menganut teori evolusi ini meyakini bahwa bentuk kebudayaan Eropa Barat dan Amerika Serikat sekarang ini adalah titik akhir dari evolusi kebudayaan umat manusia. Di mana bangsa-bangsa lain sedang menuju ke arah proses terakhir dan kesempurnaan tersebut.
JEJAK SYIAH DALAM KESENIAN TABOT BENGKULU; SUATU TELAAH SEJARAH
Authors: Maryani Lesi
Published: May 2021

Islam Nusantara is the one of many various Islamic paradigm in this world. This islamic expression tends on values and cultural structures of tradition that existed in Nusantara. One of the best way to study that case depicts in Tabot of City of Bengkulu. This cultural product is the result of the struggle of Islam and local culture. This celebration was held to remember the death of Sayyidina Husein, grandson of Muhammad SAW who died in Karbala. Shia sect is the one of the islamic sect that flourished in Indonesia. In itâ€™s development, Shia element also adds many Islamic ritual in Nusantara. Nusantaraâ€™s Shia is not the same as the one in the middle east. In this archipelago, Shia melt in the general islamic view that called Ahlussunnah wal Jamaah. That phenomena can be seen in tabot celebration, where people are in it doet not have the Shia
NILAI-NILAI PENDIDIKAN ISLAM YANG TERKANDUNG DALAM IBADAH SHALAT BERJAMAâ€™AH SANTRI USIA REMAJA DI YAYASAN AL-HIKMAH MUSTHOPA PLERED - PURWAKARTA
Authors: Bahri Saiful , Hayaturrohman Hayaturrohman , Mustaqim Mustaqim
Published: May 2021

Dalam shalat berjamaâ€™ah banyak nilai-nilai pendidikan Islam yang berorientasi terhadap kesuksesan seseorang dalam berikhtiar untuk kehidupan duniawinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan praktek shalat berjamaâ€™ah dan nilai-nilai pendidikan Islam yang terkandung dalam ibadah shalat berjamaâ€™ah santri usia remaja di Yayasan Al-Hikmah Mustofa Plered Purwakarta. Jenis penelitian ini deskripstif kualitatif. Dengan teknik pengumpulan berupa teknik observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian di Yayasan Al-Hikmah Mustofa Plered Purwakarta shalat berjamaâ€™ah dapat membentuk santri yang berakhlak, baik Akhlak terhadap Allah, akhlak terhadap manusia, maupun akhlak terhadap alam/lingkungan. Adapun faktor pendukung dalam pelaksanaan shalat berjamaâ€™ah  diantaranya adanya dukungan yang baik dari orangtua, keteladanan yang baik dari guru, dan sikap semangat dari santri serta tanbih yang di tetapkan oleh Yayasan. Sedangkan faktor penghambatnya adalah lemahnya kesadaran santri akan manfaat dari melaksanakan shalat berjamaâ€™ah
PENGARUH MEDIA SOSIAL TERHADAP AKHLAK SISWA
Authors: Setiawan Dede , Rahman Arif , Ramadhan Irfan
Published: May 2021

Perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan, teknologi dan informasi semakin pesat dan masyarakat tidak dapat dipisahkan dari penggunaan internet. Seiring sejalan dengan perkembangan internet, perkembangan sosial media pun merambat luas di masyarakat. Perkembangan internet dan sosial media yang begitu pesat ini, membawa dampak yang cukup signifikan bagi seluruh masyarakat di seluruh belahan dunia, tidak terkecuali para siswa. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menununjukan bahwa penggunaan media sosial memberikan dampak yang signifikan dengan berupa pengaruh negative dan positif, untuk meminimalisir dampak negative perlu adanya coching method dari pendidik dan control keluarga sehingga tidak berdampak kepada pembentukan akhlak
BATAS MINIMAL MAHAR
Authors: Cumeda Cumeda
Published: May 2021

Mahar adalah pemberian wajib berupa uang atau barang dari seorang pria kepada wanita dengan sebab pernikahan atau hubungan seksual sebagai lambang kesungguhan dan tanggungjawab. Para ulama fiqh sepakat bahwa tidak ada batas maksimal mahar, tetapi mereka berbeda pendapat mengenai batas minimal mahar. Mazhab Hanafi berpendapat bahwa batas minimal mahar adalah 10 (sepuluh) dirham, sementara mazhab Syafiâ€™i berpendapat mahar itu tidak ada batas minimalnya, bahkan ditegaskan bahwa apapun yang berharga atau dapat dijadikan harga bagi sesuatu atau upah boleh dijadikan mahar, yang penting dalam mahar itu adalah kerelaan istri.  Penelitian dalam ini termasuk penelitian kepustakaan dan bersifat deskriptif-komparatif yang berupaya membandingkan dan menelusuri dasar hukum dan argumentasi antara pendapat fiqh Mazhab Hanafi dan Mazhab Syafiâ€™i tentang batas minimal mahar.  Pendapat Mazhab Hanafi yang menyatakan batas minimal mahar adalah sepuluh dirham berdasarkan hadits riwayat Imam Ad-Daraquthniy setelah dilakukan penelitian sederhana adalah hadits dhaâ€™if. Sementara Mazhab Syafiâ€™i yang menyatakan bahwa mahar itu tidak dibatasi dengan nominal tertentu, tetapi segala sesuatu yang bernilai meskipun kecil sah dan dapat dijadikan mahar berargumen dengan hadits riwayat Imam Malik, Imam Syafiâ€™i, Imam Bukhariy, Imam Muslim, Imam Abu Dawud dan Imam Tirmidzi.
MANAJEMEN PROMOSI BMT SYAHIDA IKALUIN DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEANGGOTAAN PRODUK SIMPANAN SYAHIDA
Authors: Lesatari Ririn Indah
Published: May 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui manajemen marketing dan strategi promosi BMT SYAHIDA IKALUIN dalam hal peningkatan jumlah anggota melalui produk simpanan syahida. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa strategi yang dilakukan oleh BMT SYAHIDA IKALUIN adalah dengan cara segmentasi pasar yaitu melihat kebutuhan masyarakat ketika sudah ditemukan apa yang dibutuhkan oleh masyarakat lalu BMT mengeluarkan produk yang dapat memenuhi kebutuhan tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis deskriptif kualitatif, yaitu prosedur penelitian yang menggunakan data atau lebih cenderung menggunakan analisis dengan pendekatan induktif.
A PRODUÇÃO PARA AUTOCONSUMO NA AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR: UMA QUESTÃO DE LIBERDADE ALIMENTAR
Authors: Preschlak Fiorese Josiane Gracieli , Plein Clerio
Published: May 2021

A produo de autoconsumo uma prtica clssica de reproduo social da agricultura familiar, sendo que este tipo de produo desempenha funes importantes no meio rural contempornea, apesar das profundas transformaes ocorridas com o passar dos anos. No Brasil a produo de autoconsumo est presente na maioria dos estabelecimentos agropecurios, sendo mais prevalente em propriedades familiares. A produo de alimentos para autoconsumo prevalente na agricultura familiar, sendo que a intensidade, a forma e os motivos pela qual praticada peculiar de cada local e grupo de indivduos, contudo possvel identificar que ambos os segmentos possuem ideias compartilhadas. Portanto, entende-se que a produo para autoconsumo na agricultura familiar possui diversos significados (biolgico; ambiental; poltico; social; cultural; econmico e tico), ou seja, trata-se de uma questo de liberdade alimentar. Palavras-chave: Autoconsumo. Agricultura Familiar. Liberdade Alimentar.
EDUCAÇÃO CORPORATIVA E SUA IMPORTÂNCIA NAS FÁBRICAS DE SOFTWARE DO SUDOESTE DO PARANÁ
Authors: Thiesen Ana Paula
Published: May 2021

A falta de capacitação profissional no atual cenário do mercado de trabalho é uma grande preocupação encontrada junto a todos os gestores que buscam crescimento junto a empresa e diante aos seus demais concorrentes e com isso a proposta de métodos de educação corporativa acabam sendo uma forma econômica e lucrativa de se gerar tais profissionais. Este estudo tem como objetivo elencar e mostrar de forma clara quais são os métodos de implementação das universidades corporativas, bem como os níveis de satisfação encontrado em algumas empresas onde os métodos já foram devidamente aplicados e estão em funcionamento
MULHER E A PSIQUIATRIA NO SÉCULO XIX
Authors: Taveira Adriana Do Val Alves , Rodrigues Juliana , Levandoski Daisa Maria
Published: May 2021

A partir de estudos sobre as formas de poder estruturado no Estado Moderno, controlador de alguns grupos da sociedade é que o presente artigo foi concebido. A pesquisa originária deste artigo aborda a construção dos saberes psiquiátricos sobre o corpo feminino e como este processo definiu espaços para as mulheres no século XIX. Neste contexto, o organismo da mulher visto das mais diferentes maneiras, passa a ser estudado pela medicina principalmente pela área psiquiátrica. Duas obras de grande contribuição histórico-filosóficas foram primordiais para o presente estudo. Em primeiro lugar,a obra História das mulheres no Brasil, organizado por Mary Del Priore , e, em segundo, História da sexualidade I e II, de Foucault. A partir da análise sobre essas e outras indicadas nas Referências deste trabalho, constatou-se váriosdados que demonstram a sujeição da mulher aos limites de sua sexualidade, tais conhecimentos ainda refletem nos dias de hoje como ideias construídas e fixadas como verdades ao longo dos anos. O objetivo da pesquisa consiste na discussão de tais influências buscando assim entender as relações de gênero ainda demarcadas na sociedade atual, que se utiliza desse dispositivo biológico como condição de dominação social e opressão.
CONTROLE QUÍMICO DE DIGITARIA INSULARIS COM HERBICIDA COMBINADO A DIFERENTES ADJUVANTES
Authors: Menegasso Gustavo Dias , Schweig Luis Augusto , Lourenço Edneia Santos de Oliveira
Published: May 2021

O controle de plantas daninhas é uma prática importante para a obtenção de altos rendimentos em culturas agrícolas. O período de entressafra é favorável para a multiplicação de espécies de Digitaria insularis, que é considerado uma planta de difícil controle, o onde se verifica a seleção e a resistência dessas plantas nas lavouras. Existe um número limitado de princípios ativos registrados no Brasil para o controle de Digitaria insularis. Clethodim é um herbicida sistêmico com alta eficiência, que pode ser utilizado no manejo de D. insularis. Para aumentar a eficiência deste herbicida são utilizados adjuvantes específicos que atuam de diversas formas na calda de pulverização. Dessa forma, o presente estudo tem com objetivo avaliar o controle químico da espécie D. insularis com o herbicida clethodim combinado à diferentes adjuvantes. O experimento foi conduzido em condições de campo, no município de São Miguel do Iguaçu-PR em 2018. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados (DBC), em esquema fatorial composto por 6 doses do adjuvante Li700® e 2 doses do adjuvante Lanzar®, misturados a dose de 0,45 L ha-1 do herbicida clethodim. As avaliações de eficácia agronômica foram efetuadas aos 7, 14  e 21 dias após a aplicação (DAA), empregando-se a escala percentual de controle. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à ANOVA adotando o software Assistat® , sendo as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de significância e também por análise de regressão linear. Os resultados mostraram que o clethodim teve eficiência de controle classificada como boa (de 80 a 89% de controle), patamar obtido com a combinação da maior concentração do adjuvante Li700®. Enquanto o adjuvante Lanzar® não diferiu quanto à concentração na calda de pulverização. Sugere-se adotar estratégias para maximizar a eficiência de controle dessa planta daninha, visando garantir que esta planta não continue a desenvolver-se, provocando danos aos cultivos agrícolas.
ATIVIDADE ANTIBACTERIANA DE EXTRATO AQUOSO DA CASCA DE NOZ-PECÃ [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) C. Koch]
Authors: Moura Alexandre Carvalho de , Benvegnú Dalila Moter , Brito Gleisy Coser de , Soares Izabel Aparecida
Published: May 2021

A crescente incidência de doenças infecciosas, causadas pelo surgimento de microrganismos multirresistentes às medicações alopáticas, provoca pesquisadores a buscar terapias antimicrobianas alternativas, como a utilização de extratos vegetais. O presente trabalho visou avaliar o potencial antibacteriano do extrato aquoso da casca de noz-pecã [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) C. Koch] sobre bactérias, uma vez que são escassos estudos quanto sua atividade antimicrobiana. O extrato vegetal bruto das cascas de C. illinoensis foi avaliado sobre os microrganismos por meio dos métodos de Determinação da Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM), e Difusão em Poço (DP). Verificou-se que o extrato apresentou atividade bactericida para todas as cepas testadas nas concentrações de 15% (v/v) e 20% (v/v), com exceção da bactéria Staphylococcus aureus, cujo efeito foi bacteriostático a 15% (v/v). O potencial do extrato aquoso na terapêutica de doenças infecciosas é evidenciado e incentiva novos estudos que busquem testar sobre outros microrganismos, assim como seus possíveis mecanismos de ação.
FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE PARA A INCLUSÃO ESCOLAR: SINGULARIDADES EXPRESSAS PELOS EGRESSOS DOS CURSOS DE LICENCIATURAS DA UFRGS
Authors: Milone Julian De Camargo , Traversini Clarice Salete
Published: May 2021

O presente estudo objetiva analisar potencialidades e fragilidades da formação dos egressos da UFRGS para a docência com alunos de inclusão escolar. Seleciona-se como lentes teóricas as noções de formação para a docência escolar e os processos de (in)exclusão na perspectiva da formação e exercício da docência. Para tanto, aplicou-se um questionário a licenciados das 15 licenciaturas da UFRGS, entre 2012/1 e 2016/2, totalizando 1655 egressos e obtendo-se o retorno de 29,8%. Os resultados mostram que, embora classifiquem de forma positiva a sua formação para a docência, avaliam como insuficiente a sua formação para a inclusão escolar e ressaltam a importância de mais atividades práticas durante a formação. Conclui-se que, ainda que sejam oferecidas poucas disciplinas destinadas ao estudo dos processos inclusivos, os egressos idealizam o seu curso como suficiente para a completude da sua formação docente.
A FORMAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL INTEGRADA NO IFPR - CAMPUS CASCAVEL-PR: QUE FORMAÇÃO?
Authors: Skrowonski Daniela , Zanella José Luiz
Published: May 2021

Esse estudo investiga a formação profissional integrada ao ensino médio desenvolvida pelos Institutos Federais de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia, com campo de pesquisa restrito ao IFPR - Campus Cascavel-PR. O objetivo consiste em analisar a proposta de educação profissional integrada ao ensino médio do referido Instituto, verificando se a mesma apresenta direcionamento para uma formação politécnica/tecnológica. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, entrevistas semiestruturadas e questionário, sendo estes últimos aplicados no Campus Cascavel. Como sujeitos envolvidos nas entrevistas, destacam-se os servidores do campus, especificamente a gestão, a equipe pedagógica e os docentes, além de discentes formandos, que responderam um questionário. Com base no estudo realizado, constatamos que mesmo diante de alguns desafios, como a falta de formação continuada, de recursos financeiros e de infraestrutura física, a educação profissional integrada ao ensino médio do IFPR - Campus Cascavel representa um caminho inicial para a formação politécnica/tecnológica, indo além das exigências do mercado, comprometendo-se com a formação integral do sujeito.Palavras-chave: Institutos Federais, Educação Profissional Integrada ao Ensino Médio, Formação politécnica/tecnológica.
DETERMINAÇÃO DO PERFIL BIOQUÍMICO DE RATOS SUBMETIDOS A ACUPUNTURA E LASER ACUPUNTURA NOS PONTOS ZUSANLI E YINTANG
Authors: Coelho Iara Alves , Valente Caroline , Cerutti Murilo Luiz
Published: May 2021

Terapias complementares, como acupuntura e laser acupuntura, têm se destacado na prática médica devido as recomendações da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), uma vez que essas terapias apresentam efeitos orgânicos positivos. Objetivo comparar acupuntura e laser acupuntura nos acupontos E36 (Zusanli) e EX3 (Yintang) no perfil lipídico e glicêmico em ratos em jejum e sem jejum, bem como nos níveis séricos de cortisona. Ratos Wistar foram divididos em dois grupos (com jejum e sem jejum) e mantidos em biotério com ciclo claro-escuro (12-12 horas), temperatura controlada (22 ± 2 ° C) e livre acesso à água e comida. Os animais permaneceram no laboratório de bioquímica por um período de 1 h para aclimatação. Verificou-se que a laser acupuntura no grupo sem jejum houve aumento significativo nos níveis de colesterol total (CT, 32%) em relação ao controle e acupuntura, HDL-colesterol (HDL-c, 78%) e glicose (18%) apenas ao controle; no grupo com jejum  a terapia com laser acupuntura foi observado um aumento significativo no CT e no HDL-c (38 e 39%, respectivamente) e uma diminuição significativa nos níveis séricos de cortisol (30%), todos em relação ao controle. O presente estudo demonstrou respostas significativas com o tratamento a laser nos acupontos E36 (Zusanli) e EX3 (Yintang), quando comparados aos grupos acupuntura e controle. Os presentes achados reforçam a hipótese de que as terapias complementares têm efeitos significativos que podem beneficiar o paciente e devem, portanto, ser estimuladas sempre que possível.
IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DE HORTA MEDICINAL: UMA ALTERNATIVA PARA AULAS PRÁTICAS NA ESCOLA DO CAMPO.
Authors: Arruda Gisele , Yabushita Rigoti Letícia , Valente Caroline
Published: May 2021

A utilização de metodologias diversificadas nas aulas de biologia e ciências podem estar ligadas ao enriquecimento intelectual dos alunos, devido à sua participação nas atividades práticas. Nesse contexto, o trabalho pretende destacar a contribuição do professor de biologia frente à implementação de hortas medicinais como alternativa para as aulas práticas desenvolvidas na escola do campo. Para tal fim, foi implementado uma horta de plantas medicinais em uma escola do município de Salto do Lontra-PR, como forma de colaborar no desenvolvimento educacional dos alunos da escola do campo. A pesquisa será de campo do tipo levantamento de dados, com metodologia exploratório ou descritiva e abordagem qualitativa. A implementação da horta medicinal mostrou que 100% dos alunos e professores afirmaram que aulas práticas, como o da horta medicinal, trazem um melhor aprendizado, destacando assim um aprimoramento da relação teoria e prática, pois os alunos puderam aprender e executar atividades práticas relacionadas com o conteúdo teórico.
PROFESSORA ONDINA PEREIRA FOLDA (1923 – 2017): ITINERÁRIOS DE UMA EDUCADORA EM LARANJEIRAS DO SUL -PR.
Authors: Lemiechek Lucimara
Published: May 2021

Situado no campo da História da Educação, este artigo relata a trajetória pessoal e profissional de Ondina Pereira Folda (1923 – 2017) destacando seu papel na área educacional de Laranjeiras do Sul-PR entre as décadas de 1940 a 1980. Em meados do século XX o isolamento da região, causado pela falta de estradas e incipientes meios de comunicação, agravava a precariedade de oportunidades educacionais e oferta de políticas públicas. O objetivo deste trabalho é retratar os desafios pessoais e coletivos que a tornaram uma das mais relevantes educadoras do município numa perspectiva que ultrapassa as fronteiras da sala de aula e transcendem o fazer pedagógico. A metodologia utilizada é a revisão bibliográfica e análise de entrevistas e fontes documentais. Conclui-se que o apurado senso crítico e sensibilidade aos problemas sociais alicerçaram suas ações buscando a melhoria nas condições das escolas, ampliação da oferta educacional, formação adequada aos docentes e incentivo a atividades formativas para além dos espaços escolares.
O QUE PENSA UM GRUPO DE LICENCIADOS SOBRE A PRÁTICA DA EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL NO CONTEXTO ESCOLAR?
Authors: Ozelame Diego Machado , Gallon Mônica Da Silva , Da Rocha Filho João Bernardes
Published: May 2021

Este artigo aborda ações relacionadas à Educação Ambiental (EA) no entendimento de um grupo de licenciados ingressantes em um programa de pós-graduação na área de ensino de Ciências e Matemática sobre a prática docente. O objetivo foi identificar as concepções dos licenciados sobre o tema. Utilizou-se um questionário para a coleta dos dados, cujas respostas compuseram o corpus de análise desse estudo. O processamento dos dados foi realizado por meio da Análise Textual Discursiva. Diante da análise dos dados, constatou-se que os docentes estão inclinados a uma abordagem conservadora, evidenciadas pela maneira fragmentada que pensam sobre a temática, refletindo em suas ações pedagógicas. Diante da discussão produzida, entendemos que o enfrentamento destes obstáculos é possível mediante uma mudança na forma como o professor compreende e dimensiona o problema da EA, uma vez que reflete na sua prática pedagógica. Concluiu-se que a ação mais efetiva é ressignificar o entendimento dos professores em relação a EA.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Castanha Andre Paulo
Published: May 2021

Síntese dos artigos
Analysis of nortriptyline's prophylaxis on hemodialysis headache patients - a pilot study
Authors: Lima Bruna Mendonça , Santos Paulo Sergio Faro , Jesus Alan Chester Feitosa de
Published: May 2021

Background: Headache is the most common neurological symptom of patients on hemodialysis treatment. However, this condition is usually treated only after the pain has already begun. Objective: Determine the efficacy and tolerability of nortriptyline as a prophylactic treatment for patients diagnosed with hemodialysis headache. Methods: This study is an open and a prospective clinical trial. Twelve patients with hemodialysis headache were studied in this trial. They were asked to take nortriptyline (25 mg per day) during three months as a prophylaxis for their headaches. Weekly interviews were made to register eventual headaches. Additionally, other clinical features were analyzed such as the intensity of pain, its location, side effects of the drug and use of abortive medications. Results: There was a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the intensity as well as frequency of pain. The duration of the episodes also decreased. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that nortriptyline 25 mg is capable of reducing not only the frequency, but also the intensity of the pain in the hemodialysis headache. However, further studies are necessary.
Who’s the greatest of them all?
Authors: Ducheyne Steffen
Published: May 2021

Who’s the greatest of them all? A non-technical explication of Newton’s method in the Principia accompanied by some philosophical reflections

In this essay, I seek to explicate the methodology which Newton used in the Principia in a non-technical way. Close attention will be paid to some important results in Books I and III of the Principia and to Newton’s argument for universal gravitation. Based on their discussion, Newton’s key inferential strategies will be brought to the fore. In addition, it will be explained how Newton’s methodology differed from a standard hypothetico-deductive method.
Hoe Galileo Galilei de valwet ontdekte, en het verschil dat dit maakt
Authors: Van Dyck Maarten
Published: May 2021

How Galileo Galilei discovered the law of fall, and the difference that this makes

Galileo’s law of fall is one of the crucial building blocks of classical mechanics. The question how this law was discovered has often been a topic of debate. This article offers a reconstruction of the developments within Galileo’s research that led to the discovery of the law. This reconstruction is offered to make a philosophical point regarding the epistemic status of experimental results: Galileo’s experiments can offer sufficient justification for the acceptance of the law of fall only because of their place in a broad research programme.
Hoe zeker is Heisenbergs onzekerheidsprincipe?
Authors: Peijnenburg Jeanne , Atkinson David
Published: May 2021

How certain is Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle?

Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle is at the heart of the orthodox or Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics. We first sketch the history that led up to the formulation of the principle. Then we recall that there are in fact two uncertainty principles, both dating from 1927, one by Werner Heisenberg and one by Earle Kennard. Finally, we explain that recent work in physics gives reason to believe that the principle of Heisenberg is invalid, while that of Kennard still stands.
Positieve jeugdontwikkelingsbenadering in jongerencentra en jeugdclubs
Authors: Faché Willy
Published: May 2021

Positive youth development outcomes of youth centers. International literature study.

This article is about open access youth centers. Because these centers focus on the age group 14-25, a target group that is in the transition from child to adulthood, they must seek to maximize positive developmental outcomes for youth. After discussing the positive developmental approach, we describe how open access youth centers realize youth development in the world. This article is based on an analysis of Dutch, English, French and German language studies on the outcomes, objectives and functions of youth centers in Europe, USA, Canada and Australia. The positive development outcomes, which I found in the literature, have been brought together in fifteen functions. The aim of this article is to give inspiration for improvement and innovation of youth work practice in Flanders.
Innovation of Training Methods to Meet the Needs of University Students under “Learning Citizen” Model
Authors:   Ho Chi Minh City University of Culture, 51 Quoc Huong Street, Thao Dien Ward, District 2, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam., Quoc Hoan Dr. Tran
Published: May 2021

After reflecting on the situation, the paper focuses on analyzing the innovation of higher education methods to meet learners’ needs under the “learning citizen” model in the context of approaching the Fourth Industrial Revolution, with many opportunities and challenges. The paper identifies that higher education innovation to meet learners’ needs under the “learning citizen” model is an effective way to take care of people’s spiritual and material life, which is an important contribution to build a learning society.
Developing a Multi-stage Assessment Framework to measure e-skills level of community development workers in South Africa
Authors:   , Fasasi Ridwan Opeyemi
Published: May 2021

Community Development service practitioners in South Africa have been increasingly burdened with a broader range of responsibilities. Using ICT proficiently could enhance their productivity. The use of ICT is prevalent in almost every organization, therefore, it can also serve as a major factor in providing flexibility of service to communities, but only if the practitioners possess adequate skills in retrieving, presenting and disseminating valuable and adequate information within the workplace to the parties involved. Training interventions are however not always successful and their impact need to be measured. This study focussed on developing a Multi-Stage assessment model to measure the impact of an ICT training intervention, to provide evidence of the effectivity of the training. A syllabus was developed, based on the European e-Competence Framework for ICT Users - Part 1 (CEN, 2013) and contextualized to suit the work environment of Community Development Workers (CDWs) from KwaZulu-Natal, training material was created and a Learning Management System was used to deliver the training. A self-assessment questionnaire was used to determine the pre-training skills level of the CDWs, 189 CDWs from KwaZulu-Natal were trained and a second questionnaire was used to measure the impact of the training. Results were analysed using Item Response Theory, which provided a way to measure not only overall competency but responses to specific items. Classical Test Theory measuring frequencies and averages were also use and the two sets of responses were compared. The training was found to be effective. Recommendations towards the development of a Multi-Stage assessment model are made.
PLANNING THE FUNCTIONAL POSITIONS WITHIN THE SPORTS ENTITY: MODEL AND ANALYSIS
Authors: Cires Victoria , Ghiletchi Vlada
Published: May 2021

The human resources are the only ones resources able to produce and reproduce all the other resources available to a sports organization, although the material and financial ones are important. The jobs’ analysis is the process that determines the tasks, the activities specific to a position and the type of persons recommended for its occupation, involving a common effort by the specialist in human resources, hierarchical chief and employee, being necessary to provide us exact information regarding the job and to justify the staff decisions. The productivity in all sports organizations is influenced by how they interact and combine the human resources in order to use the other resources of the management system. Factors such as preparation, age, job experience and the level of formal education play a role in establishing the person compatibility with a certain organization. The process of assurance of human resources suitable for a sports structure is an engaging process and slightly subjective. In order to assure the human resources that cover both managerial positions, as well as the execution ones, the managers follow the next sequentially steps: recruitment; selection; training and improvement; evaluation. There is a reciprocal interdependence between the management and execution positions established by the nature of relations that exists between the decision centers of the sports organization and its effective centers.
THE INTERNET AND LINGUISTICS: INTERACTION AND NEW PROSPECTS OF CORPUS RESEARCH
Authors: Stepanova Iryna , Nykyporets Svitlana
Published: May 2021

An effort to analyse the linguistic research of the Internet discourse is made in the article. The authors believe that the creation of linguistic corpora of the Ukrainian language at the present stage is not systemic. The authors also consider prospects and possible approaches to the Internet text space by means of Corpus Linguistics – a fairly new field of linguistics, closely related to computational and cognitive linguistics.
ПОТІК ВТРАЧЕНИХ ВИМОГ У ДВОКАНАЛЬНІЙ СИСТЕМІ МАСОВОГО ОБСЛУГОВУВАННЯ ПРИ МАЛІЙ ІНТЕНСИВНОСТІ ВХІДНОГО ПОТОКУ
Authors: Літвін Наталя
Published: May 2021

У роботі досліджено потік втрачених вимог у двоканальній системі масового обслуговування типу M/Gi/2/0 при малій інтенсивності вхідного пуассонівського потоку.Фазовий простір станів розширений до фазового простору полумарковських станів. Аналіз системи виконано за допомогою алгоритму фазового укрупнення.
WHY FINANCE & BANKING SECTOR NEED BIG DATA?
Authors: Asgarova Bahar , Sattarova Gulshan
Published: May 2021

Have you ever thought of the amount of data you create each day? Every message you send, every credit card transaction, even every web page you open… They all collect a total of 2.5 quintillion bytes of data produced daily by the global population. This offers endless opportunities to leverage this data for the most forward-thinking businesses in many areas, and the banking industry is no exception While digital banking is used by almost half of the world's adult population, financial institutions have enough data at their disposal to rethink the way they work, becoming more efficient, more customer-focused, and ultimately more profitable.
Metabolic syndrome and risk of colorectal adenoma and colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis
Authors: El Herrag Salah Eddine , Traoré Youssouf , Khaled Méghit Boumediène
Published: May 2021

Background: Growing evidence suggests that metabolic syndrome (MetS) could be linked with the incidence of colorectal adenoma and cancer (CRA and CRC). Aims: Conducting a meta-analysis to assess the association of MetS with both CRA and CRC. Methods and Material: Relevant studies were identified by systematically searching PubMed database for articles published in the last ten years. A random effect analysis model and Mantel-Haenszel statistical method were used to obtain pooled risk ratios (RRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for dichotomous data. The analyses were assessed for heterogeneity and publication bias. Results: 35 studies were included in the meta-analysis involving approximately 1300000 participants. A significant high risk for CRA was observed among patients with MetS compared to those without (RR = 1.43; 95% CI = 1.31, 1.57). The pooled RRs of CRC were 1.46 (95% CI = 1.36, 1.56). The risk estimates varied according to the type of the study (cohorts and non-cohorts), gender (men and women), MetS definition (NCEP-ATPIII, IDF, harmonized and others), populations (Asia, Europe, and the USA), and cancer location (colon and rectum). Conclusions: MetS is associated with an increased risk of CRA and CRC. The risk was higher for advanced adenomas. Taking into consideration MetS patients in the secondary prevention programs and the management of this condition in the aim of the primary prevention is highly recommended.
Keywords: Metabolic syndrome, colorectal cancer, colorectal adenoma, incidence, meta-analysis.
Atmospheric tomography using the Nordic Meteor Radar Clusterand Chilean Observation Network De Meteor Radars: networkdetails and 3DVAR retrieval
Authors: Stober Gunter , Kozlovsky Alexander , Liu Alan , Qiao Zishun , Tsutsumi Masaki , Hall Chris , Nozawa Satonori , Lester Mark , Belova Evgenia , Kero Johan , Espy Patrick J. , Hibbons Robert E. , Mitchell Nicholas
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Ground-based remote sensing of atmospheric parameters is often limited to single station observations of vertical profiles at a certain geographic location. This can be a limiting factor to investigating gravity wave dynamics. In this study we present a new retrieval algorithm for multi-static meteor radar networks to obtain tomographic 3D wind fields within a pre-defined domain area. The algorithm is part of the Agile Software for Gravity wAve Regional Dynamics (ASGARD) called 3DVAR, and based on the optimal estimation technique and Bayesian statistics. The performance of the 3DVAR retrieval is demonstrated using two meteor radar networks, the Nordic Meteor Radar Cluster and the Chilean Observation Network De MeteOr Radars (CONDOR). The optimal estimation implementation provides a statistically sound solution and additional diagnostics from the averaging kernels and measurement response. We present initial scientific results such as body forces of breaking gravity waves leading to two counter-rotating vortices and horizontal wavelength spectra indicating a transition between the vortical κ−3 and divergent κ−5/3 mode at scales of 80–120 km. In addition, we have performed a keogram analysis over extended periods to reflect the latitudinal and temporal impact of a minor sudden stratospheric warming in December 2019. Finally, we demonstrate the applicability of the 3DVAR algorithm to perform large-scale retrievals to derive meteorological wind maps covering a latitude region from Svalbard, north of the European Arctic mainland, to mid-Norway.
Evaluation of Multi-variate Time Series Clustering for Imputation of Air Pollution Data
Authors: Alahamade Wedad , Lake Iain , Reeves Claire E. , De La Iglesia Beatriz
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Air pollution is one of the world's leading risk factors for death, with 6.5 million deaths per year worldwide attributed to air pollution-related diseases. Understanding the behaviour of certain pollutants through air quality assessment can produce improvements in air quality management that will translate to health and economic benefits. However problems with missing data and uncertainty hinder that assessment. We are motivated by the need to enhance the air pollution data available. We focus on the problem of missing air pollutant concentration data either because a limited set of pollutants is measured at a monitoring site or because an instrument is not operating, so a particular pollutant is not measured for a period of time. In our previous work, we have proposed models which can impute a whole missing time series to enhance air quality monitoring. Some of these models are based on a Multivariate Time Series (MVTS) clustering method. Here, we apply our method to real data and show how different graphical and statistical model evaluation functions enable us to select the imputation model that produces the most plausible imputations. We then compare the Daily Air Quality Index (DAQI) values obtained after imputation with observed values incorporating missing data. Our results show that using an ensemble model that aggregates the spatial similarity obtained by the geographical correlation between monitoring stations and the fused temporal similarity between pollutants concentrations produced very good imputation results. Furthermore, the analysis enhances understanding of the different pollutant behaviours, and of the characteristics of different stations according to their environmental type.
Afforestation impact on soil temperature in regional climate model simulations over Europe
Authors: Sofiadis Giannis , Katragkou Eleni , Davin Edouard L. , Rechid Diana , de Noblet-Ducoudre Nathalie , Breil Marcus , Cardoso Rita M. , Hoffmann Peter , Jach Lisa , Meier Ronny , Mooney Priscilla , Soares Pedro M. M. , Strada Susanna , Tolle Merja H. , Warrach Sagi Kirsten
Published: May 2021

Abstract. In the context of the first phase of the Euro-CORDEX Flagship Plot Study (FPS) Land Use and Climate Across Scales (LUCAS), we investigate the afforestation impact on the seasonal cycle of soil temperature over the European continent with an ensemble of ten regional climate models (RCMs). For this purpose, each ensemble member performed two idealized land cover experiments in which Europe is covered either by forests or grasslands. The multi-model mean exhibits a reduction of the annual amplitude of soil temperature (AAST) over all European regions, although this not a robust feature among the models. In Mediterranean, the simulated AAST response to afforestation is between −4 K and +2 K while in Scandinavia the inter-model spread ranges from −7 K to +1 K. We then examine the role of changes in the annual amplitude of ground heat flux (AAGHF) and summer soil moisture content (SMC) in determining the effect of afforestation on AAST response. In contrast with the diverging results in AAST, all the models consistently indicate a widespread AAGHF decrease and summer SMC decline due to afforestation. The AAGHF changes effectively explain the largest part of the inter-model variance in AAST response in most regions, while the changes in summer SMC determine the sign of AAST response within a group of three simulations sharing the same land surface model. Finally, we pair FLUXNET sites to compare the simulated results with observation-based evidence of the impact of forest on soil temperature. In line with models, observations indicate a summer ground cooling in forested areas compared to open lands. The vast majority of models agree with the sign of the observed reduction in AAST, although with a large variation in the magnitude of changes. Overall, we aspire to emphasize the effects of afforestation on soil temperature profile with this study, given that changes in the seasonal cycle of soil temperature potentially perturb crucial biochemical processes. Such perturbations can be of societal relevance as afforestation is proposed as a climate change mitigation strategy.
Investigation on the size effect in micro end milling considering the cutting edge radius and the workpiece material
Authors: Li Yang , Cheng Xiang , Zheng Guangming , Liu Huanbao
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Previous research has found that the peripheral and end cutting edges of the
cutter had different cutting mechanisms in the micro end cutting process
considering the size effect. This investigation is a further study on this
point considering the cutting edge radius of the cutter and the material of
the workpiece based on the methods of finite element simulation and the micro
end cutting experiment. This study adopts a combination of simulation
and experiment research methods and the cutting edge radius and the workpiece
material as two variables. Considering the cutting mechanisms of the
peripheral cutting edge and the end cutting edge are different, the
peripheral cutting edge and the end cutting edge are studied respectively.
Meanwhile, the minimum undeformed chip thickness (MUCT) value is determined in three ways, chip morphology,
cutting force, and surface roughness, so the final result obtained by
comparing three kinds of results has a very important reference value. Not
only are the chip morphology obtained by finite element simulation and the
surface roughness obtained by the micro end cutting experiment used to
identify the MUCT value, but also the
cutting force. The simulation and
experimental results show that the cutting force can be used to identify the
MUCT value for the peripheral cutting edge, but it cannot be used for the
end cutting edge. The MUCT value increases with the increase of the
cutting edge radius, no matter which process it is. The material property
has some effects on the MUCT value; even the cutting parameters and the
cutting edge radius remain unchanged for the peripheral cutting edge.
However, the material property has no effect on the MUCT value for the end
cutting edge. In this study, the influence of important variables on MUCT is
studied as much as possible to reflect a real application
situation.
Using neural networks to improve simulations in the gray zone
Authors: Kriegmair Raphael , Ruckstuhl Yvonne , Rasp Stephan , Craig George
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Machine learning represents a potential method to cope with the gray zone problem of representing motions in dynamical systems on scales comparable to the model resolution. Here we explore the possibility of using a neural network to directly learn the error caused by unresolved scales. We use a modified shallow water model which includes highly nonlinear processes mimicking atmospheric convection. To create the training dataset we run the model in a high and a low-resolution setup and compare the difference after one low resolution time step starting from the same initial conditions, thereby obtaining an exact target. The neural network is able to learn a large portion of the difference when evaluated offline on a validation set. When coupled to the low-resolution model, we find large forecast improvements up to one day on average. After this, the accumulated error due to the mass conservation violation of the neural network starts to dominate and deteriorates the forecast. This deterioration can effectively be delayed by adding a penalty term to the loss function used to train the ANN to conserve mass in a weak sense. This study reinforces the need to include physical constraints in neural network parameterizations.
Seismic noise variability as an indicator of urban mobility during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Santiago metropolitan region, Chile
Authors: Ojeda Javier , Ruiz Sergio
Published: May 2021

Abstract. On 3 March 2020, the first case of COVID-19 was confirmed in Chile. Since then, the Ministry of Health has imposed mobility restrictions, a global policy implemented to mitigate the propagation of the virus. The national seismic network operating throughout Chile provides an opportunity to monitor the ambient seismic noise (ASN) and determine the effectiveness of public policies imposed to reduce urban mobility in the major cities. Herein, we analyse temporal variations in high-frequency ASN recorded by broadband and strong-motion instruments deployed throughout the main cities of Chile. We focus on the capital, Santiago, a city with more than 7 million inhabitants because it is seismically well instrumented and has high levels of urban mobility due to worker commutes inside the region. We observed strong similarities between anthropogenic seismic noise and human mobility indicators, as shown in the difference between urban and rural amplitudes, long-term variations, and variability due to the COVID-19 outbreak. The same results are observed in other cities such as Iquique, La Serena, and Concepción. Our findings suggest that the initially implemented public health policies and the early end to confinement in mid-April 2020 in the metropolitan region caused an increase in mobility and virus transmission, where the peak in anthropogenic seismic noise coincides with the peak of the effective reproductive number from confirmed positive cases of COVID-19. These results confirm that seismic networks are capable of recording the urban mobility of population within cities, and we show that continuous monitoring of ASN can quantify urban mobility. Finally, we suggest that real-time changes in ASN amplitudes should be considered part of public health policy in further protocols in Santiago and other high-density cities of the world, as has been useful during the recent pandemic.
Marine forearc structure of eastern Java and its role in the 1994 Java tsunami earthquake
Authors: Xia Yueyang , Geersen Jacob , Klaeschen Dirk , Ma Bo , Lange Dietrich , Riedel Michael , Schnabel Michael , Kopp Heidrun
Published: May 2021

Abstract. We resolve a previously unrecognized shallow subducting seamount from a re-processed multichannel seismic depth image crossing the 1994 M7.8 Java tsunami earthquake slip area. Seamount subduction is related to the uplift of the overriding plate by lateral shortening and vertical thickening, causing pronounced back-thrusting at the landward slope of the forearc high and the formation of splay faults branching off the landward flank of the subducting seamount. The location of the seamount in relation to the 1994 earthquake hypocentre and its co-seismic slip model suggests that the seamount acted as a seismic barrier to the up-dip co-seismic rupture propagation of this moderate size earthquake. The wrapping of the co-seismic slip contours around the seamount indicates that it diverted rupture propagation, documenting the control of forearc structures on seismic rupture.
Enhancement of snow albedo reduction and radiative forcing due to coated black carbon in snow
Authors: Pu Wei , Shi Tenglong , Cui Jiecan , Chen Yang , Zhou Yue , Wang Xin
Published: May 2021

Abstract. When black carbon (BC) is mixed internally with other atmospheric particles, the BC light absorption effect is enhanced. This study explicitly resolved the optical properties of coated BC in snow based on the core / shell Mie theory and the Snow, Ice, and Aerosol Radiative (SNICAR) model. Our results indicated that the BC coating effect enhances the reduction in snow albedo by a factor ranging from 1.1–1.8 for a nonabsorbing shell and 1.1–1.3 for an absorbing shell, depending on the BC concentration, snow grain radius, and core / shell ratio. We developed parameterizations of the BC coating effect for application to climate models, which provides a convenient way to accurately estimate the climate impact of BC in snow. Finally, based on a comprehensive set of in situ measurements across the Northern Hemisphere, we determined that the contribution of the BC coating effect to snow light absorption exceeds that of dust over northern China. Notably, high enhancements of snow albedo reduction due to the BC coating effect were found in the Arctic and Tibetan Plateau, suggesting a greater contribution of BC to the retreat of Arctic sea ice and Tibetan glaciers.