bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Comparison between Consumption and Production-based Zakat Distribution Programs for Poverty Alleviation and Income Inequality Reduction
Authors: Ayuniyyah Qurroh , Huq Pramanik Ataul , Md Saad Norma , Irwan Ariffin Muhammad
Published: June 2020

This study attempts to analyze the effect of consumption and production-based zakat distribution programs in eradicating poverty and reducing income inequality of the zakat beneficiaries by using the modification of the Center of Islamic Business and Economic Studies (abbreviated as CIBEST) model, Deciles method, Gini coefficient and Atkinson index. It takes the case study of 1,309 zakat beneficiaries managed by the National Zakat Board of Indonesia (abbreviated as BAZNAS) in three different cities and regencies including Bogor, Depok and Sukabumi. It suggests that the present zakat distribution programs conducted by BAZNAS can significantly alleviate poverty and reduce income inequality among zakat beneficiaries. It is observed that one year after receiving zakat programs, production-based programs have higher increase of the material and spiritual condition (represented by falah index) by 300 percentage points while households who obtained consumption-based programs rise by only 20 percentage points. It is also found that the Gini coefficient decreases by 0.017 points while Atkinson index falls by 0.042 points indicating that the income inequality among observed zakat beneficiaries are improved. This study has substantiated the role of zakat for poverty alleviation and income inequality reduction that can benefit development in general.

Keywords: Zakat Distribution Programs, Poverty, Income Inequality
Does Strategic Planning Matter in Enhancing Performance of Zakah Organization? Some Insights from Zakah Management in Indonesia
Authors: Awaliah Kasri Rahmatina , Iwani Surya Putri Niken
Published: June 2020

The paper aims to explore strategic planning practices of zakah organizations in Indonesia and their impacts on the organizational performance. It uses qualitative research approach with semi-structured interviews and a quantitative approach based on financial data from the organizations. The study found several interesting findings. First, from mission statement analysis, different zakah organizations seem to have different idealized views and focus on achieving either particular organizational characteristics or organizational targets/outcomes. Second, the strategic planning processes tend to follow the “by-design” and the “by-flow” strategies which are implemented in all zakah agencies regardless of its type. However, it is notable that only the non-government zakah agencies were flexible enough to run programs based on recommendation of the zakah payers. Third, in terms of performance, it is found that corporate zakah agency has the highest collection capacity, while the private zakah agency has the highest distributional capacity. Based on the findings, it is suggested that the zakah organizations should focus on their targets/outcomes and properly design their programs. It is also argued that all zakah agency has formulated sound mission statements and it is reflected well in the organizational capacity. This implies that there is a positive relationship between strategic planning and organizational performance.

 

Keywords: Zakat, Strategic Management, Zakah organization
Examining the Efficiency of Zakat Management: Indonesian Zakat Institutions Experiences
Authors: Al-Ayubi Solahuddin , . Ascarya , Possumah Bayu Taufiq
Published: June 2020

This study evaluates the efficiency of Indonesian Zakat Institutions (IZI), including technical, pure technical and scale efficiencies using a production approach. This study also examines the sources of inefficiency. By employing the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) technique, this study proposes a solution to improving the efficiency of IZI. The input variables of this study are the number of amil, the number of volunteers, the number of offices, socialization costs, personnel costs, and operational costs. The output variables of this study include the amount of zakat collected, the distribution of consumptive zakat, the distribution of productive zakat, the number of muzakki and the number of mustahiq. The results indicate that between 2010-2013 IZI Mass technical efficiency were higher than IZI Non-Mass on average. In 2014, IZI Non-Mass exceeded IZI Mass technical efficiency. IZI Mass pure technical efficiency had an upward trend during 2011-2013, but then declined during 2014-2016. However, IZI Non-Mass pure technical efficiency experienced an upward trend during 2011-2012,  then slightly decreased in 2013. Although the efficiency increased in 2014-2015, there was a subsequent decrease in 2016. After a period of fluctuation during 2011-2013, the scale efficiency of IZI Mass decreased in 2014 and stabilized in 2015-2016. Similarly, IZI Non-Mass fluctuated during 2011-2012, then stabilizing until 2016. The increasing problems of IZI Mass and IZI Non-Mass are the socialization costs, the number of volunteers, the amount of zakat collected, and the distribution of consumptive zakat, which cumulatively reduces the intermediation function of zakat institutions. IZI must resolve these issues to ameliorate the efficiency of zakat institutions.

 

Keywords: Indonesian Zakat Institutions, Efficiency, Technical Efficiency

JEL Classification Code: L31, D61
The Performance and Efficiency of Zakat Institutions in Jambi
Authors: Retnowati Desi
Published: June 2020

Zakat is the third pillar of Islam and has socio-economic impacts. In practice, zakat institutionshave limitations with regard totheir institutional and managerial aspects, which result in them not achiveing optimum performance and efficiency. This research aims to analyzethe performance and efficiency of zakat institutions in Jambi Province. This research measures the performance of zakat institutions through the institutional indicators of the National Zakat Index (NZI), and it measures theirefficiency using theData Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method. The samples used in this research are BAZNAS Jambi Province and LAZ RSIM. Based on the results of the performance analysis, BAZNAS Jambi hadan index value of 0.44, and LAZ RSIM hadan index value of 0.63,which classified the performance of the zakat institutionsas “fairly good”to“good.” Based on the results of the efficiency analysis, LAZ RSIM has reached the maximum level of 100% efficiency. BAZNAS Jambi Province is operating at56.1% efficiency. The average efficiency for the combined zakat institutions is 78.1%.

 

Keywords: performance, efficiency, national zakat index (NZI), data envelopment analysis (DEA)
Analysis of the Impact of Zakat, Infak, and Sadaqah Distribution on Poverty Alleviation Based on the CIBEST Model (Case Study: Jogokariyan Baitul Maal Mosque, Yogyakarta)
Authors: El Ayyubi Salahuddin , Eka Saputri Henni
Published: June 2020

The Special Region of Yogyakarta is one of the provinces with a high incidenceof poverty onJava Island. The number of mosques and the increase of zakat funds, infak, and sadaqaheach year is not sufficientto reduce the number of those in poverty. If the mosque is able tomanage the zakat, infak, and sadaqahfunds well, it can be predicted that the mosque would reduce poverty and increase the welfare of the community. This study aims to analyze the impact of zakat, infak, and sadaqah distribution in reducing poverty based on the Center for Islamic Business and Economic Studies (CIBEST) model (case study: Jogokariyan Baitul Maal Mosque, Yogyakarta). The results of the study indicate that there is an increase in welfare and a decrease in material poverty, spiritual poverty, and absolute poverty, as seen from changes in the Islamic CIBEST’s poverty indexes formustahik households.

Keywords: CIBEST Model, Jogokariyan Mosque, Poverty, ZIS
Enhancing the Zakat Framework of Maldives: A One Hundred Percent Muslim Country
Authors: Muneeza Aishath
Published: June 2020

Maldives is a one hundred percent Muslim nation where the zakat administrative function is entrusted to a government ministry, the Ministry of Islamic Affairs (MIA), which manages zakat al maal and zakat al-fitr. Since June 1, 2016, MIA has delegated the task of collecting zakat to the Maldives Inland Revenue Authority (MIRA). Maldives presently has no law dealing with zakat, so the Islamic Training and Research Institute (IRTI) has proposed a set of zakat laws that could be adopted by the country. The objective of this qualitative research is to discuss the zakat framework proposed by IRTI. There is limited literature available on the zakat framework in Maldives, so it is anticipated that this study will become the starting point for further research on this topic.
Exploring the Potential of Zakah for Supporting Realization of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Indonesia
Authors: Asmalia Sarah , Awaliah Kasri Rahmatina , Ahsan Abdillah
Published: June 2020

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is a universal call to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity; goals which are strongly in line with the objective of Islam (maqasid al shariah).  Despite of global acceptance of the concept, however, financing issues remain the biggest challenge for realizing the SDGs. Innovative financing through partnership with religious and other institutions, therefore, has been recommended. With this perspective, this study aims to explore the potential of zakah to support financing and realizing the goals in Indonesia. This is done by identifying factors that influence the intention of Muslims to pay zakah and exploring the SDGs’ clusters prioritized to be financed from the zakah funds.  The study collected primary data from 304 respondents living in Greater Jakarta area of Indonesia and utilized the Theory of Planned Behaviors (TPB) approach to frame the intentions. It also used descriptive statistics and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to analyze the data. The findings suggest that three TPB variables, namely attitudes, subjective norms and behavioral control, have a positive influence on the Muslims’ intention to pay zakat. Additionally, attitudes are influenced by religiosity, knowledge and trust to zakah organizations. Furthermore, of the five objective clusters’ in the SDGs, the people cluster (which includes objectives such as poverty reduction, education and health improvement) received the highest priority in the perceptions of the Muslims regarding the use of zakah for financing SDGs. The findings highlight the potential of zakah in supporting achievement of SDGs in Indonesia, something that might be useful for government, NGOs, zakah organizations and other zakah stakeholders.
A Review on Zakat Payments by Islamic Banks in Malaysia
Authors: Zuha Mohd Abbas Samsuwatd , Sulaiman Saliza , Abu Bakar Noorbijan
Published: June 2020

Zakat plays an important role in the economic development of the ummah. In line with Shariah requirements, the responsibility of paying zakat does not only lie in the Muslim individuals but also businesses, specifically Islamic banks. Islamic Banks exist to fulfil the financial (economic) needs of Muslims within the confines of the Islamic faith. This study aims to analyse the payment of zakat made by the Islamic Banks in Malaysia by firstly, examining the various methods adopted by the Islamic banks and secondly, comparing the existing method of zakat computation. A total of 16 Islamic banks are selected and the financial statements are reviewed from the year 2013 till 2017. The results of the study show that most of the Islamic banks adopted the two methods recommended by JAKIM and both methods show similar results. The results also show an underpayment of zakat by the selected Islamic bank. Further the study found that the detail computation of zakat is not disclosed in the financial statements and hence the study could not identify the adjustments for the zakat computation for all the Islamic banks.
A Subjective Poverty Approach as an Alternative Measurement in Identifying the Poor and Needy
Authors: Othman Azhana , Mohd Noor Abd Halim , Abdul Rasool Mohamed Saladin
Published: June 2020

Poverty can be measured directly (based on consumption) or indirectly (based on income).  Both direct and indirect poverty measurement are called objective poverty measurement. Nonetheless, these indicators are not enough capture the multiple aspects of poverty. Therefore, the alternative measure of poverty is needed.  Subjective poverty is an individual assessment of their own poverty status. The poor have their own understanding and interpretation of their socio-economic situation. Poverty could be analyzed in a more comprehensive and better dimension by combining objective and subjective measures in identifying the poor. The Millennium Development Goals Report (MDGR, 2015) designates that Malaysia has been successful eliminated objective poverty. Despite that, the issue of poverty still surfing especially the zakat authorities are experiencing increasing in the zakat applications categorized poor and needy each day. To avoid the situation where individuals are wrongly defined as poor or non-poor are to compile objective and subjective measures on poverty. The objectives of the study are to determine the criteria of subjective poor and to propose subjective poverty index (SPI) as an alternative poverty measurement. The empirical analysis was based of 507 zakat applicants of poor and needy in Melaka. The data was analysed using qualitative and quantitative methods in four phases of analysis.  The findings confirmed that subjective poverty index (SPI) is an initial effort to explain poverty in the perspective of the poor.
Missing Items in Zakat Distribution: A Case in Kelantan, Malaysia
Authors: Mohd Ali Ahmad Fahme , Ibrahim Mohd Faisol , Ab Aziz Muhammad Ridhwan
Published: June 2020

This study attempts to analyze missing items in current zakat distribution among the poor and needy zakat recipients in Kelantan. The study is motivated by few shortcomings of current zakat distribution as well as an increasing amount of expenditure annually on the two categories of zakat recipients, and yet the number of poor (fuqara) and needy (masakin) households is increasing. The current amount of zakat monthly distribution seems to raise some issues due to its weaknesses. This paper examines several missing elements in the current zakat distribution in Kelantan, Malaysia. The research was conducted through in-depth interviews with selected zakat recipients from a variety of socio-economic-cultural backgrounds in Kelantan, Malaysia. This study recommends that these items should be included in future zakat distribution in order to improve and strengthen the Muslims economy condition, and then, it would facilitate the poverty alleviation programs by the zakat department.

Keywords: Zakat Poverty Line, Had Kifayah, Poor and Needy, Kelantan, Malaysia
Zakat as a Pluridimensional Concept
Authors: Belabes Abderrazak
Published: June 2020

The aim of this study is to highlight the need to think zakāt as a pluridimensional concept. It cannot be studied in depth without a thought that contextualizes, connects and globalizes everything that its existence implies for actors who do not perceive it in the same way. This approach allows to face the error, illusion, uncertainty and risk that may arise from the feeling of sufficiency, which purports to exhaust the real from a specific point of view, especially that which comes from the financialism that perceives zakāt as a constituent of social finance. Hence the need for an eminently collective effort of reflection to provide everyone to refine his peculiar thought and to apprehend the phenomenon as a whole which shows the zakat, in its deepest essence beyond the legal aspect, as a means to create or maintain the social link.

Key-words: Zakat, Methodology, Pluridimensional concept, FinancialismJEL Classification: B41, B55, G23, Z13
Measuring Amil Happiness Using Psychological Approach: Evidence from Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Abdullah Zaki , Najmi Dinda Aisyah , Donna Duddy Roesmara
Published: June 2020

The implementation of Good Amil Governance as one of the important aspects of a standard of international zakat management, which is stated in Zakat Core Principles, requires an approach that is more than just amil competence and qualification aspects. The psychological perspective of amil also needs to be considered to obtain and maintain the best human resources. As a profession that is oriented towards social benefits, an amil has different working rhythm and consequences. This research aims to measure level of amil’s happiness in the workplace and further study its impact on amil productivity. The result shows that amil is a satisfying job. Further, the most blissful factor for amil is work motivation, while the most unhappy factor for amil is the career path, which seems to be less promising. In addition, the happiness level of amil has a positive relationship with his or her productivity level. Therefore, psychology condition of an amil should be considered in order to increase the performance of zakat institutions.
Zakat Management Information System: E-Service Quality and Its Impact on Zakat Collection in Indonesia
Authors: Swandaru Randi
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact and the electronic service quality of the national zakat management information system (SIMBA) on the national zakat collection. This paper uses a multiple regression analysis in its explorative attempt to illustrate the impact of SIMBA implementation on zakat collection in Indonesia. It shows that SIMBA is positive and significantly impact the national zakat collection as well as the human development index that is used as a proxy for the human resource management quality of zakat institutions. Nonetheless, the population is negative and significant to the zakat collection as endemic poverty and reluctance to pay zakat are indicated as the reasons. Moreover, this study has succeeded in adapting and conducting an e-service quality survey to zakat information system realm. All the tests prove that the instrument in this study has a high degree of reliability and validity. The results show that some of the demographic factors significantly impact the perceived performance of SIMBA. Multiple regression analysis that is conducted in this study shows that e-service quality dimension is positive and significant towards SIMBA’ overall quality, perceived value, and loyalty intention.  This study contributes to the zakat literature, especially in the impact of the national zakat information system, which is pivotal in enhancing zakat collection and poverty alleviation program funded by zakat.
આદિવાસી મદિલા ખેતમજૂરોની સ્થિતત- એક અભ્યાસ
Authors: Jain Lokesh
Published: June 2020

ખેતમજૂરી એવી આતિિક પ્રવતૃિ છે જેમાાં ગ્રામીણ લોકો સામાન્ય રીતે થિાનીય થતરે રોજગારી
મેળવીને ગજુ રાન ચલાવતા િોય છે. ખેતમજૂરી િળવી મેિનતવાળુ કામ છે તેિી આ કામમાાં
મદિલાઓ વધારે જોડાયેલી િોય છે. મદિલાઓ ગરીબીમાાંિી ઉપર આવવા માટે ખેતમજૂરીમાાં
જોડાતી િોય છેજ્યારે અમકુ મદિલાઓ એટલા માટે ખેત મજૂરી કરે છેકે તેઓ પોતાના કુટાંુબની
પાયાની રૂદરયાતો તસવાય એવી આવશ્યકતાઓ પણ સારી રીતેસતાં ોષવામા મિિરૂપ બની ાં શકે
જેિી તેમનો જીવનધોરણ ઉપર આવી શકે. એવાંુકિી શકાય છેકે ગ્રામીણ તવથતારમાાં ખેતમજૂરી
કરનાર મદિલાઓના બે વગો િોય છે એક જેના માટે ખેત મજૂરી અતનવાયય કે તવકલ્પરદિત
આવકોપાર્જનનો સાધન છેઅનેબીજા એવા કેજેના માટેતેઆવશ્યક છેપણ અતનવાયય નિીં. જેિી
પિલે ો વગય શોતષત િવા માટેવધુમજબરૂ િોય છેજ્યારે બીજો વગય શોષણ સામેમજબતૂ સ્થિતતમાાં
િોય છે. આ અભ્યાસ મદિલા ખેતમજૂરોની વથતસ્ુથિતત જાણવા માટેએક પાયલટ પ્રયોગ છે.
Health Professionals & Climate Change
Authors: Smith Richard
Published: June 2020

Far from being laggards in mitigating climate change, health professionals should be leaders. They have scientific training, which means they are better able than many to understand the science that underpins climate change. They are more trusted than any other group, particularly after the bravery they have shown in countering the pandemic, and they interact with millions of citizens every day. Then the threat to health and the positive benefits to health from a low carbon life is probably the best way for citizens to be motivated to act on climate change. In many countries, health workers outnumber and other groups of employees, and the actions they and their families take as individuals can have a sizeable impact—and they provide leadership by example. Finally, health professionals have global networks, and mitigating climate change demands global action.
New records and checklist of Chilocorini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) from China
Authors: Li Wenjing , Chen Bingxu , Huo Lizhi , Chen Xiaosheng , Wang Xingmin
Published: June 2020

China is one of the countries with the greatest species diversity of Chilocorini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), including nearly forty-five percent of the known genera and fourteen percent of all described species in this tribe. Recently, we discovered three species previously not recorded in China.

In this study, three speciesPriscibrumus uropygialis(Mulsant, 1853),Priscibrumus disjunctusCanepari, 1997 andBrumus octosignatus(Gebler, 1830) are documented for the first time in China.Brumus octosignatusis the first member of the genusBrumusMulsant, 1850 recorded in China. Detailed descriptions, illustrations and distributions of these three species are provided. A checklist of Chinese Chilocorini is also given.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy for brain and heart diseases by monitoring the effects of drugs
Authors: Kharina Valeriya I. , Berezhnova Tatiyana A.
Published: June 2020

Introduction: The study aims at analyzing the possibility of using a method of monitoring the action of drugs in re­al-time to assess the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy for brain and heart lesions.

Materials and methods: To assess the effect of drugs in the experiment and in the clinic, the temperature difference between the biologically active point and the intact skin zone was recorded every second for 2 minutes. The work involved experimental and clinical parts. The experimental study was performed on 81 rabbits. In the experiment, the effect of Meldonium was evaluated when treating doxorubicin cardiomyopathy and the effect of Cortexin – when treat­ing experimental brain ischemia. The clinical testing of the method involved 10 healthy volunteers and 20 patients of both sexes, diagnosed with acute cerebrovascular events of the ischemic-stroke type.

Results and discussions: An increase of some indicators of differential thermometry of the biologically active point by 60% or more on the 7th day of the treatment concerning the values obtained before the treatment is indicative of a high probability of pronounced positive dynamics in the treatment of doxorubicin cardiomyopathy. If on the 7th day of the treatment, some indicators of differential thermometry of biologically active point С7 to exceed by 20% or more the similar indicators before the treatment, a high probability of pronounced positive dynamics in the treatment of ischemic stroke can be inferred.

Conclusion: A safe, non-invasive method for monitoring the effects of drugs in real-time, which does not require any special training of a doctor, has been developed.
« Tu peux être en vie et déjà mort » : le quotidien ordinaire d’une personne atteinte de troubles psychiques au Sénégal
Authors: Petit Véronique
Published: June 2020

Cet article propose une ethnographie de la vie quotidienne d’une personne atteinte de troubles psychiques et de la manière dont l’aspect chronique de la maladie mentale affecte les dynamiques familiales au sein d’un espace domestique marqué par l’économie morale. La mise en intrigue de cette vie ordinaire à travers les discours révèle les positionnements, les attentes et les ajustements des acteurs les uns aux autres, avec les tensions, les violences symboliques et les émotions qu’ils impliquent.
“Extraordinary Conditions” and Experiments with Collaboration in “Zones of Social Abandonment”. Mental Health Care between Psychiatry and Prayer Camps in Rural Ghana
Authors: Draicchio Cecilia
Published: June 2020

Cet article analyse les articulations entre psychiatrie et guérison religieuse en s’intéressant aux expériences ordinaires de personnes atteintes de troubles mentaux dans une région rurale du Sud-Ouest du Ghana. En observant les « conditions extraordinaires » de la folie (εzεlε) et les expériences de collaboration entre praticiens dans la région de Nzema, cet article démontre que certains facteurs matériels et socio-économiques souvent négligés jouent pourtant un rôle central. C’est en particulier le cas des chaînes de produits psycho-pharmaceutiques, des pratiques de commerce informel et des mécanismes d’abandon social.
3. La concurrence, un rapport social conflictuel et socialisateur
Authors: Eloire Fabien
Published: June 2020

La concurrence, comprise comme une structure formelle pesant sur la formation des prix, est au cœur de la conception néoclassique du marché. Le philosophe et sociologue Georg Simmel en propose une définition sociologique. À sa suite, différents travaux de sociologie économique ont proposé une analyse des rapports sociaux concurrentiels sur les marchés. L’article en présente trois exemples : la concurrence au sein d’une interface, d’un champ et d’un réseau.
5. Politique de la concurrence et stratégie industrielle en Chine
Authors: Renard Mary-Françoise
Published: June 2020

Après vingt ans de réformes et d’ouverture à des mécanismes de marché, la Chine instaure une loi anti-monopole visant à réguler la concurrence. Elle sert aussi les intérêts de la Chine en matière de politique industrielle et l’évolution de la réglementation reflète l’évolution de ces intérêts.
7. Quels usages du droit dans la construction de la concurrence ? Actualités des réflexions en sociologie, économie et science politique
Authors: Bonnefon Hugues , Lambert Isaac , Pélisse Jérôme
Published: June 2020

Les réflexions présentées dans cet article sont issues d’une journée d’étude organisée au Centre de Sociologie des Organisations le 16 janvier 2020, intitulée : « Se faire concurrence : de quel droit ? ». Les interventions y ont analysé le droit comme un cadre, un instrument et un espace de luttes pour des opportunités d’échanges marchands. Après avoir évoqué combien la concurrence était construite socialement et comment une approche endogène des rapports entre droit et concurrence constitue une perspective originale, les contributions présentées interrogent une éventuelle économisation du droit de la concurrence et questionnent les manières dont le droit peut constituer une prise et un appui dans les rapports de concurrence.
Le compas dans l’œil : la « mécanique géométrique » de Viviani au chevet de la coupole de Brunelleschi
Authors: Dumas Primbault Simon
Published: June 2020

Être ingénieur à la cour des Médicis au xvii e  siècle requiert une discipline à la croisée de la mathématique, des arts picturaux et des arts mécaniques. Fondée sur l’héritage d’Alberti, Vinci et Vasari, l’ Accademia del disegno – reposant sur les trois piliers vasariens de la perspective linéaire, du clair-obscur et de la géométrie euclidienne – a donc été spécialement créée afin d’enseigner le dessin comme la pratique essentielle aux ingénieurs, architectes, mathématiciens, autant qu’aux peintres, décorateurs et scénographes florentins. Au début du xvii e  siècle, l’ Accademia opère la synthèse entre la mathématique, l’art et l’ingénierie à travers le concept et la pratique du disegno . À la mort de Galilée en 1642, Vincenzio Viviani (1622-1703), dernier disciple de l’astronome pisan, devient ingénieur de la cour. Chargé de l’inspection du Val d’Arno et des constructions architecturales toscanes, il doit produire des rapports d’expertise pour le corps d’ingénieurs de Florence. Chemin faisant, Viviani a laissé dans ses appunti de nombreux dessins et esquisses, réalisés à la sanguine, à l’encre, au crayon, pris sur le vif ou bien réalisés de mémoire. Je me propose de plonger dans l’archive personnelle de Viviani faite de paysages et de scènes de genre autant que de schémas techniques en envisageant la surface du papier comme un lieu de savoir et en insistant sur la matérialité de celui-ci comme révélatrice de gestes et de pratiques savantes et artistiques : l’observation minutieuse du réel, l’extraction des formes pertinentes, leur traduction dans un langage graphique adapté permettant l’émergence de la connaissance. Au sein d’une culture curiale qui ne fait pas de différence entre l’artiste peintre, l’ingénieur scénographe et le mathématicien dessinateur, le disegno se révèle être la compétence maîtresse d’une épistémologie pratique ancrée dans une culture visuelle qui brouille la frontière entre les figures modernes de l’artiste et du savant. En me tournant plus spécifiquement vers les schémas géométriques produits par Viviani à l’occasion de l’étude mécanique de la coupole de Brunelleschi à la fin du siècle, j’aimerais envisager le disegno comme une forme de mathématisation de la nature opposée, dans la pratique de la naissante physico-mathématique, à d’autres formes plus symboliques. Trahissant une tension à l’œuvre entre l’ingénieur et le physico-mathématicien, entre les arts mécaniques et les sciences, cette « mécanique géométrique » annonce les limites du disegno .
La géométrie descriptive par et pour les carrossiers : un exemple d’appropriation professionnelle d’un savoir mathématique au XIX e siècle
Authors: Preveraud Thomas
Published: June 2020

Au milieu du xix e  siècle, alors que des défis nouveaux s’imposent aux métiers de la carrosserie en raison de l’essor du commerce de la calèche et de l’industrialisation progressive de sa fabrication, le tracé géométrique des caisses des voitures hippomobiles est transformé et rationalisé, en France, par l’introduction des méthodes générales de la géométrie descriptive. La profession des carrossiers organise alors la formation mathématique de ses menuisiers qui dessinent, débitent et usinent au sein de ses ateliers, au moyen de cours dispensés à Paris, de revues professionnelles et d’un traité de géométrie descriptive. Ce nouveau discours mathématique produit par et pour une profession témoigne d’une appropriation d’un savoir théorique qui avait prospéré, au cours du siècle, loin des réalités vécues dans les ateliers de carrosserie, un nouveau discours qui essaime en Europe et de l’autre côté de l’Atlantique dans le dernier quart du xix e  siècle.
Civiliser les « indigènes » par le droit. Antoine Sohier et les revues juridiques coloniales (1925-1960)
Authors: Landmeters Romain , Tousignant Nathalie
Published: June 2020

L’idée de civiliser la population du Congo est concomitante de l’entreprise coloniale belge dès la première heure. Cette conception est d’ailleurs inhérente à l’imaginaire impérial depuis la fin du XIX e siècle. L’effort de civilisation de l’État indépendant du Congo (EIC) devient, avec la reprise en 1908 du Congo par la Belgique, le dénominateur commun du gouvernement belge, du monde de l’industrie et du commerce ainsi que des missionnaires. Au milieu de ces trois piliers du colonialisme « à la belge », la magistrature coloniale contribue également à l’œuvre civilisatrice. Par l’analyse textuelle de trois revues juridiques coloniales, cette contribution explore les usages des termes civiliser/civilisation/civilisé par les contributeurs, dont le principal le magistrat Antoine Sohier. Cette analyse met en évidence la construction d’un consensus autour d’une Civilisation unique, objectif à atteindre par les populations congolaises adhérant aux valeurs portées par la mission/action civilisatrice revendiquée par le projet colonial belge.
Qui gouverne les grandes entreprises de la défense ?
Authors: Faure Samuel B. H. , Joltreau Thibaut , Smith Andy
Published: June 2020

Cet article apporte une contribution sociologique à la comparaison des capitalismes en France et au Royaume-Uni. Pour ce faire, le rapport à l’État, l’internationalisation et la financiarisation des trajectoires professionnelles des dirigeants de grandes entreprises de l’industrie de la défense (Safran, Thales, BAe Systems et Rolls-Royce) sont interrogés. La controverse entre convergence et divergence des capitalismes nationaux de la défense est dépassée par le dévoilement d’une réalité contre-intuitive et inattendue, à savoir leur simultanéité. En même temps que les pratiques des dirigeants des grandes entreprises des deux côtés de la Manche sont plus structurées que jadis par l’internationalisation de leur formation et leur familiarité avec le monde financier, leur rapport à l’État demeure nettement différent.
Teaching Newly Licensed RNs to Build an Interprofessional Collaborative Practice
Authors: Rossler Kelly L. , Hardin Katherine
Published: June 2020

Background:

Recommendations for health care institutions to evaluate the effectiveness of nurse internship programs in facilitating the acquisition of an interprofessional collaborative practice exist. This pilot project explored the effectiveness of simulation-based education compared with online education on inter-professional socialization and collaboration among newly licensed RNs transitioning into medical-surgical practice.

Method:

An experimental repeated-measures design examined professional nursing practice attributes of values, attitudes, and behaviors along with interprofessional collaboration core competencies. Participants (
n
= 29) were randomized into either a control group (nurse internship with online interprofessional education) or an experimental group (nurse internship with simulation-based interprofessional education).

Results:

Changes in interprofessional role socialization and valuing occurred as measured by the Interprofessional Socialization and Valuing Scale. Interprofessional Collaborative Competency Attainment Survey data demonstrated a change in interprofessional collaboration.

Conclusion:

Findings support how educators in the health care setting can consider the integration of interprofessional education teaching methodologies into nurse internship programs.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs
. 2020;51(7):331–337.]
Actionability and Usability of a Fever Management Tool for Pediatric Caregivers
Authors: Edwards Courtney , Bolling-Walker Karen , Deupree Joy
Published: June 2020

Background:

Effective fever management in children relies on caregivers having adequate general and numerical literacy. Nationally, nine of 10 adults have difficulty understanding health information. Lack of understanding basic information about fever management is a primary reason given for nonurgent pediatric emergency department visits. The Assess-Communicate-Treat (A.C.T.) tool was created by nurses 18 years ago to help parents better understand fever management.

Method:

This article describes a quality improvement project that used an expert health care provider panel and parents who attended focus groups to reevaluate the A.C.T. tool. The
Simply Put
manual, Simple Measure of Gobbledygook readability formula (SMOG) tool, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL) readability test, and Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT-P) were used to evaluate the A.C.T. tool.

Results:

Following focus groups, 45 of 72 items on the A.C.T. tool were revised using a 4-point Likert scale. After revision, the tool rated 88% for understandability and 83% actionability using the PEMAT-P tool.

Conclusion:

Recognizing caregivers' health literacy needs is critical to optimizing health outcomes and reducing health care costs in the pediatric population.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs
. 2020;51(7):338–344.]
High-order energy stable schemes of incommensurate phase-field crystal model
Authors: Jiang Kai , Si Wei
Published: June 2020

This article focuses on the development of high-order energy stable schemes for the multi-length-scale incommensurate phase-field crystal model which is able to study the phase behavior of aperiodic structures. These high-order schemes based on the scalar auxiliary variable (SAV) and spectral deferred correction (SDC) approaches are suitable for the $ L^2 $ gradient flow equation, i.e., the Allen-Cahn dynamic equation. Concretely, we propose a second-order Crank-Nicolson (CN) scheme of the SAV system, prove the energy dissipation law, and give the error estimate in the almost periodic function sense. Moreover, we use the SDC method to improve the computational accuracy of the SAV/CN scheme. Numerical results demonstrate the advantages of high-order numerical methods in numerical computations and show the influence of length-scales on the formation of ordered structures.
Glasbeni arhiv starejših rokopisov v cerkvi sv. Danijela v Celju
Authors: Erjavec Jana
Published: June 2020

Prispevek predstavlja potek urejanja in evidentiranja glasbene zbirke starejših rokopisov iz arhiva Opatijsko-mestne župnije Celje (SI-Co) ter nekatere novosti o slogovni podobi ohranjene glasbe ter njenih najpomembnejših prepisovalcih. Napredek v tehnologiji ter izboljšani raziskovalni pogoji so spodbudili ponovno obravnavo, ki je razkrila zanimiv, večplasten potencial za prihodnje poglobljene raziskave, zlasti zaradi sledi, ki nakazujejo na raznolik izvor gradiva in namembnost repertoarja.
College in the County
Authors: Duffy-Comparone Emma , Aiello Brittnie
Published: June 2020

Jails often play second fiddle to prisons as sites of higher education programming and research. Jails house those sentenced to relatively short time periods and those held prior to trial. The result—a transient population with uncertain futures—makes for an unstable environment in which to teach and learn. However, jails touch many more lives than prisons and present unique opportunities for educators to intervene at crucial points in the life course. This chapter discusses the specifics of teaching and administering college courses in a county jail. First, this chapter makes the case for jails as important sites for higher education programs within the larger framework of mass incarceration. Second, the wide reach and local context of jails present unique opportunities for colleges and universities providing higher education programming. Finally, the authors provide a potential roadmap for teaching in jail by discussing unique concerns that require creative solutions.
Building a Local Network
Authors: Lewis Nancy , Regosin Elizabeth , Rocchio Rivka
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this chapter is to highlight the ongoing development and work of a local consortium of post-secondary educators, correctional administrators, and community members who aim to bring education programs to local prisons and jails. The authors contend that bringing post-secondary education programs to prison and preparing people who are incarcerated for successful transition to their home communities is a local responsibility as well as a grassroots endeavor. Although such a project necessitates careful attention to local conditions and resources, the authors have identified overarching strategies that can benefit any community thinking about similar projects. This chapter offers readers insight into identification of the need for such a consortium in their community, network-building strategies, and an overview of successes, challenges, and the path forward.
Coalition Building on Campus
Authors: Binnall James M. , Inglis Melissa
Published: June 2020

This chapter focuses on student organizations for those with criminal convictions. In particular, this chapter examines the challenges associated with creating and maintaining such organizations. Most pointedly, the authors offer advice and direction on how to navigate potential obstacles to forming student groups comprised of convicted students. To do so, this chapter will chronicle a failed organization and a successful organization, highlighting the potential benefits of formation, obstacles to formation, and methods for successfully overcoming barriers to formation. This chapter intends to serve as a guide for faculty and staff at universities seeking to expand the concept of inclusive education by establishing student organizations dedicated to the recruitment and advancement of students with criminal histories. In sum, this chapter is a process analysis informed by the perspectives of two faculty advisors to such student organizations from distinct cultural and political settings.
Community Partnership Through Transformative Justice
Authors: Arimoto Miyuki , Michaux Melissa Buis
Published: June 2020

In the Foreword to Gerard Robinson and Elizabeth English Smith's Education for Liberation volume on educational initiatives in prison, Newt Gingrich and Van Jones note that educational programs “do something powerful: they give hope and dignity to the incarcerated.” The authors wholeheartedly agree and while they recognize the importance of higher education programs that confer degrees and therefore credentials out in the free world, they find that education can be broadly understood in prison in ways that greatly enhance the hope and dignity of the incarcerated. In this chapter, they explore the creation of a Japanese-style healing garden at the Oregon State Penitentiary (OSP), a maximum security, 2,000-person male prison in Salem, Oregon. This prisoner-led initiative was a resounding success, despite all the odds against it, because it was animated by a philosophy of transformative justice that both prison administration and prisoners could believe in, and it embraced the need for meaningful and inclusive community partnerships.
The Use of Videoconferencing and Unprescribed Conversation for Listening Comprehension in L2 Spanish
Authors: Massery Laurie , Fuentes Claudio
Published: June 2020

The following research investigates the effect that unprescribed1 conversation with native speakers of the target language had on learners' L2 listening comprehension skills at the beginning (n=21) and advanced intermediate levels of Spanish (n=27). Treatment groups completed two-thirty-minute conversations with native speakers via videoconferencing throughout the semester, while the control groups carried out unilateral oral exams using the Canvas course management system. Data was collected using the Avant Stamp Test, an online testing program that is based on the national standards outlined by the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Language (i.e., ACTFL). The results of the study revealed that learners at the Intermediate I (InterI) level significantly improved as a result of the oral interactions, while the Intermediate II learners (InterII)—who possessed more developed grammatical and lexical skills, as well as overall experience in L2 than their Intermediate I level counterparts—did not significantly improve as a result of the treatment. Although many of the studies in this area of inquiry emphasize the need for guided instruction, explicit strategy and lexical recognition in aural development, it is argued here that unprescribed conversation with native speakers—a much less contrived and more authentic approach to aural acquisition—can also significantly improve listening ability in L2. Therefore, with the present study, the authors contribute to current literature in Second Language Acquisition that centers on aural development and the role of native speaker interaction in learners' auditory growth.
Establishing a “Standard Model” for CALL Instructional Design
Authors: Marek Michael W. , Wu Wen-chi Vivian
Published: June 2020

This article proposes a Standard Model of CALL, i.e., a compilation of fundamental theories and practices that should always be considered when creating an instructional design for the Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL). This proposed model is inspired by the standard model of physics which is the widely accepted understanding about how the fundamental particles and forces of the universe operate. The authors propose that the following concepts be considered the foundational components of the Standard Model of CALL which should shape the CALL context: (1) Reverse engineering of instructional requirements from outcome goals; (2) Instructional design based on affordances; (3) Constructivism embodied in student-centered active learning; (4) Communicative Language theory (CLT); (5) Authentic learning materials and experiences, (6) Incremental learning; (7) Task-Based Instructional Design; (8) Gamification; and (9) Long term use via curriculum integration. They collectively form a foundation and framework for common contextual elements that all CALL instructional design should consider.
Applying Belief Rule-Based Inference Methodology Using Evidential Reasoning Approach to Clinical Reporting System
Authors: Sharma Meenakshi , Aggarwal Himanshu
Published: June 2020

In the healthcare field, a critical issue is how to reason and represent uncertainties that present in clinical knowledge domain, signs, and symptoms to make the correct decisions. Although several researchers have developed various models of clinical modeling, many of them are incapable of handling uncertainties correctly. The paper provides the working details of rule-based inference methodology using evidence reasoning (RIMER) methodology applied to model the inference process and clinical guidelines. In RIMER, belief-degree are embedded in all possible consequences of the rule. It can handle uncertainties and provide a causal relationship between the rules. Traditional IF-THEN rules do not provide a causal relationship between antecedent and consequent attributes of the rule only provide that the rule is either 100% true or 100% false. Also, a case study is used to demonstrate that the results generated by the system using RIMER are more reliable in terms of accuracy and performance compared to results generated manually for a diabetes diagnosis.
Improving Disaster Response Plans With STECA
Authors: Kafoutis Georgios Charalampos E. , Dokas Ioannis M.
Published: June 2020

In order to have immediate and effective management of crises and emergencies, natural and technological disaster response plans are created. These plans define the elements of a system responsible to manage a disaster, their roles, and responsibilities together with their interactions. In some cases, however, the system which is formed based on these plans fails to perform as desired. This paper proposes the utilization of systems theoretic early concept analysis (STECA) as an effective approach to efficiently identify loopholes in existing disaster response plans. STECA was applied to the formal evacuation plan of Greece's Civil Protection Agency due to forest fires and identified thirty one loopholes that were validated against the official prosecutors' investigation reports of the 2018 “Mati” forest fire tragedy in Athens, Greece.
Preparing the Laboratory-to-Field Transition of a New Electronic Voting Mechanism
Authors: Vragov Roumen , Kumar Nanda
Published: June 2020

This article uses the design science approach and a semi-field experiment to explore the differences between a laboratory and an on-line version of an electronic voting mechanism that allows citizens to express their preference intensities as well as to be compensated in case their preferred alternative is not chosen. The authors find that participants in the online version of the mechanism vote less frequently for their preferred alternative than participants in the laboratory version. Even though this difference negatively affects the participants' income distribution, it does not have a major effect on total social value. The article proposes changes that can be made to the online version of the mechanism in order to achieve results as good as the ones achieved in the laboratory.