bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pelaksanaan metode pengajaran variatif Pada pembelajaran Al Quran MAN 1 Tanjung jabung timur Kabupaten tanjab timur
Authors: Nuraiha Nuraiha
Published: October 2020

Pendidikan Islam dalam konteks dinamika sosial kultur masyarakat merupakan bidang kajian yang sangat luas. Tetapi, di sini pendidikan diletakkan dalam konteks yang bersifat makro, yaitu pendidikan Islam tidak mungkin mengisolir diri dari perkembangan dan perubahan masyarakat dan memiliki kemampuan proyektif dalam menangkap kecenderungan-kecenderungan yang akan terjadi di masa depan. Persoalan yang muncul kemudian, bagaimana seharusnya pendidikan Islam memposisikan dan memerankan dirinya dalam setiap perubahan yang sedang dan akan terjadi. Berkaitan dengan problema tersebut di atas, serta melihat kondisi real perubahan sosial yang diakibatkan oleh kemajuan iptek, budaya, pendidikan, dan media massa.Kemajuan tersebut secara sistematis sangat berpengaruh pada ide, norma, perilaku, hubungan sosial dan kelembagaan. Alat pendidikan Islam yaitu segala sesuatu yang dapat digunakan untuk mencapai tujuan pendidikan Islam dengan demikian maka alat ini mencakup apa saja yang dapat digunakan termasuk di dalamnya metode pendidikan Islam. Metode dan alat pedidikan Islam yaitu cara dan segala apa sajayang dapat digunakan untuk menuntun atau membimbing anak dalam masa pertumbuhannyaagar kelak menjadi manusia yang berkepribadian muslim yang diridhoi oleh Allah SWT. Oleh karena itu metodedan alat pendidikan ini harus searah dengn Al-Quran dan As-sunnah atau dengan kata lain tidak bertentangan dengan Al-Quran dan As-sunnah.
PEMBELAJARAN PROGRESIF (Inovasi Baru bagi Masyarakat Multikultural)
Authors: Aziz Aziz
Published: October 2020

Sejalan dengan pesan progresif wahyu dan kesadaran sosial, konsep iqra’ setali dengan kebutuhan kebebasan berpikir yang fundamental untuk merekonstruksi tradisi manusia dalam sebuah bangsa menuju civic cultur (berbudaya sipil). Maka, idea of progress, yaitu ide yang membela gagasan kemajuan yang merupakan salah satu syarat prinsipil dalam wacana mutakhir, adalah penting untuk membangun mentalitas pendidikan khususnya pembelajaran.

Melalui landasan berpikir dan mentalitas yang berbasis wahyu, maka konsepsi apapun akan mencerminkan nuansa potensial yang tidak utopia, namun dapat diterima dengan akal sehat dan kebudayaan yang bersandarkan pada ide ketuhanan secara esensial, bukan formal. Hal ini dikarenakan al-Qur’an adalah teks yang terbentuk dari hasil proses dialog antara Allah sebagai sumber, dan proses sosial sebagai penerima dan calon pengguna.
Implementasi Kebijakan Pengawasan Pelaksana Penempatan Tenaga Kerja Indonesia Swasta (PPTKIS) di Dinas Tenaga Kerja dan Transmigrasi Provinsi Banten (Studi Pada Kabupaten Serang)
Authors: Suganda Nia , Nugroho Arif , Mulyasih Rahmi
Published: October 2020

This study aims to find out how the Implementation of the Implementation Policy for the Implementation of Private Indonesian Manpower Placement (PPTKIS) in the Banten Province Manpower and Transmigration Office (Study in Serang District) and what are the supporting and inhibiting factors in supervising the Supervision of the Implementation of Private Indonesian Manpower Placement ( PPTKIS) in the Banten Province Manpower and Transmigration Office (Study in Serang District). In this study using descriptive qualitative. With the research location in the Banten Province Manpower and Transmigration Office in Serang District Supervision, data collection techniques used interviews, observation, and documentation. This study uses the widodo theory (2018) 4 (four) public policy supervision factors, namely: (1) Actors controlling the implementation of policies, (2) Standard operating control procedures, (3) Financial resources and equipment, (4) Scheduling of Control Implementation. From the results of research using Widodo's theory (2018) Supervision on PPTKIS has not been running optimally because there is no synergy between internal control and external control actors, the agency also has no control schedule, the socialization is quite good but there are still complaints from the community. .
Human papillomavirus infection predicts better survival rate in patients with an oropharyngeal cancer
Authors: Kędzierawski Piotr , Huruk-Kuchinka Anna , Radowicz-Chil Agnieszka , Mężyk Ryszard , Rugała Zdzisława , Sadowski Jacek
Published: October 2020

Introduction

Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common malignant tumour occurring in the head and neck region. It is now understood that (human papillomavirus (HPV)- positive and HPV-negative diseases are two very different clinical entities associated with different outcomes. We decided to assess p16 expression status in patients with oropharyngeal cancer and retrospectively evaluate the outcomes of the treatment.

Material and methods

The evaluated group consisted of 98 consecutive patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx treated in a combined way in Holycross Cancer Centre in Kielce in 2006–2014. For all patients p16 status was assessed based on the biological material. In 51 patients HPV infection was diagnosed. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to produce survival curves using the log-rank test and the Cox proportional hazard model was used to determine the risk factors. The following risk factors were included: HPV status (positive, negative), sex, age, smoking, histopathological grade of the tumour, clinical stage, and systemic therapy application. For HPV-positive and HPV-negative patients independent analyses were done including aforementioned factors, excluding HPV status.

Results

The observation time for HPV-positive patients was significantly longer (p = 0.0008). Fifty-eight patients died, 40 patients are alive. Number of deaths in HPV-negative patients was statistically significantly higher (p = 0.0222). A statistically significant difference in the disease-free survival probability and overall survival probability between HPV-positive and HPV-negative patients was found (p = 0.0045 and p = 0.0037 respectively). For disease-free survival a statistically significant factor of the risk of recurrence was HPV infection (p = 0.0169). For HPV-positive patients, age (p = 0.0199) and smoking (p = 0.0353) were statistically significant risk factors of recurrence. For HPV-negative patients significant risk factors of recurrence were clinical stage (p = 0.0114) and systemic therapy application (p = 0.0271). For overall survival for the entire group statistically significant risk factors were absence of HPV infection (p = 0.0123), male sex (p = 0.0426), and age (p = 0.0311). For HPV-positive patients, age (p = 0.0096) and smoking (p = 0.0387) were statistically significant risk factors of death. For HPV-negative patients significant risk factors of death were clinical stage (p = 0.0120) and systemic therapy application (p = 0.0460).

Conclusions

Our data show that HPV infection is a predictor of better disease-free and overall survival in patients with oropharyngeal cancer. For HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer patients weekly given cisplatin with concurrent radiotherapy can be an alternative to three weekly given cisplatin considering effectiveness and early toxicity.
Application of machine learning techniques for regional bias correction of snow water equivalent estimates in Ontario, Canada
Authors: King Fraser , Erler Andre R. , Frey Steven K. , Fletcher Christopher G.
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Snow is a critical contributor to Ontario's water-energy budget, with impacts on water resource management and flood forecasting. Snow water equivalent (SWE) describes the amount of water stored in a snowpack and is important in deriving estimates of snowmelt. However, only a limited number of sparsely distributed snow survey sites (n=383) exist throughout Ontario. The SNOw Data Assimilation System (SNODAS) is a daily, 1 km gridded SWE product that provides uniform spatial coverage across this region; however, we show here that SWE estimates from SNODAS display a strong positive mean bias of 50 % (16 mm SWE) when compared to in situ observations from 2011 to 2018. This study evaluates multiple statistical techniques of varying complexity, including simple subtraction, linear regression and machine learning methods to bias-correct SNODAS SWE estimates using absolute mean bias and RMSE as evaluation criteria. Results show that the random forest (RF) algorithm is most effective at reducing bias in SNODAS SWE, with an absolute mean bias of 0.2 mm and RMSE of 3.64 mm when compared with in situ observations. Other methods, such as mean bias subtraction and linear regression, are somewhat effective at bias reduction; however, only the RF method captures the nonlinearity in the bias and its interannual variability. Applying the RF model to the full spatio-temporal domain shows that the SWE bias is largest before 2015, during the spring melt period, north of 44.5∘ N and east (downwind) of the Great Lakes. As an independent validation, we also compare estimated snowmelt volumes with observed hydrographs and demonstrate that uncorrected SNODAS SWE is associated with unrealistically large volumes at the time of the spring freshet, while bias-corrected SWE values are highly consistent with observed discharge volumes.
Subjectivity and change in process of supervision
Authors: Vatne Bente , Søndenå Kari
Published: October 2020

Supervising texts with a bachelor thesis as its outcome, has been prioritized in the Norwegian Early Childhood Teacher Education. The focus has been on recruiting enough supervisors, and on qualifying supervisors. There has not been a similar focus on the bachelor texts as such, and on questions concerning what kind of function these texts should have in professional education. From a Bakhtinian dialogic perspective we value variation and change in student subjectivity as a fruitful, rather than a problematic means of enhancing quality. The current study has two main research questions: (1) what typologies of subjectivity can be identified in student’s bachelor texts, and (2) what typologies of subjectivity are given priority and how these priorities respond to the possibility of change. Concerning the first question, students’ legitimations have been identified as typologies of uncomplicated and complex subjectivity. As for the second question we observed that individual voices in bachelor students’ texts were not given equal status compared with more powerful generic voices that represent sameness. The latter voices are interpreted as articulated intentions in the national curriculum for the Early Childhood Education and Care, and in local curricula. An important insight from this study is that changes in subjectivity is tightly connected to sameness for all bachelor students and educational cannons. Student subjectivity seems to be fixed and finished and in status of adjustment to universal claims. Such insight generates new questions concerning the space for students’ lived experience, emotions and creativity in higher education.
Transform
Authors: Fisher Jeremy , O'Sullivan Jane , Pender Anne
Published: October 2020

In a cultural context of rapid change, the pressure is on to transform bodies, material possessions, and the environment, simply to keep up. Self-improvement, home renovation, behaviour modification, makeovers, extreme or otherwise are sold as essential components of a responsible, fully functioning, and appropriately aspirational member of society. Transformation may involve the pursuit of something quite new, or take the form of a nostalgic restitution of an earlier state. It may be the result of an intense, life-changing experience. Whatever form it takes, to transform is to be driven by a desire for something better. Transformation is a kind of alchemy or metamorphosis, but there is no secrecy here, or intimations of magic. Rather, the change is quite public, a cause for celebration, and the process itself laid bare as a source of fascination. For the gods in Ovid’s Metamorphoses, transformation was doled out to mortals as punishment for greed, narcissism, and other such flaws and misdeeds. In pantomime, the transformation, or disclosing scene, had the lead actors transform into the players for the comic harlequinade while in full view of the audience. The concept of Renaissance self-fashioning, as discussed by Stephen Greenblatt (Renaissance Self-Fashioning: From More to Shakespeare, 1980), details how selected sixteenth-century “gentlemen” decisively transformed their subjectivity in an early process of identity formation. Today, like the robots (“Transformers”) in the film of the same name (Dir. Michael Bay, 2007), proponents of popular culture have many means by which to transform themselves, and the world. This issue of M/C Journal presents a selection of critical essays that investigate the impetus to transform, its current and historical manifestations in a reflexive process of self-fashioning and manufacturing, and various links to a cultural will to modify or control “the natural.” The invited essay from Jane Goodall offers a framing discussion of historical and current manifestations, or transformations, of Lewis Carroll’s Red Queen. The essay raises questions of identity, and focuses on transformation as potentially disruptive of the order of nature, social hierarchies, and the laws of destiny. In her interrogation of the interaction of the Red Queen and the mirror, Goodall illustrates the tradition of self-fashioning, and the role of myth and fantasy in charting its history. Her essay introduces the concerns of the shorter articles that comprise this issue.
Alternativas de tratamento para reconstrução de osso frontal: uma série de casos
Authors: Pereira Santana Daiana Cristina , Meza Lasso Daniel Maurício , Moraes Salviano Victor Hugo , Freitas de Assis Adriano
Published: October 2020

Objetivo: este artigo se propõe a discutir as diferentes modalidades de tratamento de fraturas de osso frontal, demonstradas em uma série de casos clínicos. Relato de casos: três pacientes de gênero variado e com diferentes etiologias de trauma, foram submetidos à cranioplastia, devido a fraturas das corticais externa e interna do osso frontal (além de fixação de outras fraturas de face, em dois dos casos). Nessa série, são apresentados tratamentos com uso de prótese customizada de polimetilmetacrilato, idealizada sobre um protótipo, reconstrução da bossa frontal a partir de telas de titânio e ainda redução óssea com fixação por meio de placas e parafusos. Em todos os casos apresentados, os resultados estéticos e funcionais foram satisfatórios. Considerações finais: baseado no que foi discutido, entendemos que o planejamento deve ser realizado de forma individual e a decisão por qualquer técnica vai depender da gravidade e da extensão da fratura. Para tanto, é necessária uma avaliação criteriosa do caso em questão.
Polímeros Termoplásticos como Amortecedores Estruturais Passivos
Authors: Fruet Gustavo , Miguel Letícia Fleck Fadel , Riera Jorge Daniel
Published: October 2020

O principal objetivo do trabalho é contribuir tecnicamente com base na utilização de Polímeros Termoplásticos no projeto e na avaliação do seu desempenho como sistemas de amortecedores estruturais passivos. Uma breve revisão sobre tipos e propriedades de materiais visco-elásticos é apresentada inicialmente. Foram obtidas experimentalmente as propriedades de uma poliamida (PA) julgada como sendo uma opção apropriada para utilização em amortecedores estruturais passivos. Posteriormente são apresentados o dimensionamento, construção e análise de amortecedores construídos com materiais poliméricos. O desempenho de um protótipo de amortecedor é analisado sob a ação de cargas harmônicas. A efetividade do amortecedor é ilustrada através da análise de uma torre metálica treliçada com e sem amortecedores inseridos. Os resultados mostram que os polímeros termoplásticos podem ser usados com sucesso no projeto de sistemas passivos de dissipação de energia em estruturas.
Caracterización Clínico-Epidemiológica de pacientes perinatalmente expuestos al VIH en el Hospital Nacional Mario Catarino Rivas
Authors: Vidal Bautista Dania Mabel , Erazo Karen , Chevez Patricia
Published: October 2020

Antecedentes: En los países con escasos recursos, la infección por VIH infantil tiene dimensiones alarmantes. Más del 90% de los niños que viven con VIH en los países en desarrollo se infectaron por transmisión de madre a hijo durante el embarazo, parto o lactancia. Con el fin de reducir el número de niños infectados por el VIH, se ha enfatizado en los programas de prevención de la transmisión vertical, encontrándose una reducción de la transmisión del virus, actualmente menos del 1% en niños de bajo riesgo. Objetivo: Caracterizar clínica y epidemiológicamente a los pacientes perinatalmente expuestos al VIH atendidos en el Hospital Nacional Mario Catarino Rivas enero 2018 - junio del 2019. Pacientes y Métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, observacional, descriptivo; se realizó la revisión de 42 expedientes clínicos, se aplicó un cuestionario de 23 preguntas abiertas y cerradas, evaluando variables clínicas y epidemiológicas. Resultados: el 85% de las madres conocían el diagnostico de ser VIH positivo, 66% diagnosticadas previo al embarazo, 80% en tratamiento con ARV, 26% con carga viral no detectable, 78% finalizo su embarazo vía cesárea, 53% fueron categorizados como alto riesgo, 85% recibió terapia ARV por 4 semanas, incidencia de VIH fue de 4.7%, 2 de los 42 pacientes,19% están perdidos en seguimiento, 88% recibió profilaxis con TMP-SMX.Conclusiones: El diagnóstico precoz de VIH en la infancia mediante la realización de pruebas de VIH favorece al inicio temprano de tratamiento antirretroviral con un pronóstico de vida más favorable.
Vegetative propagation of mate from shoot cuttings induced by coppicing of selected plants
Authors: Gazzana Denise , Pimentel Nathalia , Lohmann Gabriele Tais , Maculan Luciane Grendene , Bisognin Dilson Antônio
Published: October 2020

Mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil) is an arboreal species of great economic and socio-environmental importance, which presents difficulties in the adventitious rooting process. The rhizogenic competence of vegetative propagules of mate can be attained by coppicing, but the factors that influence the success of this technique have not yet been elucidated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the stock plant, time of shoot collection, treatment with indolebutyric acid (IBA) and diameter of vegetative propagules in the adventitious rooting of cuttings from shoots induced by coppicing of selected adult plants of mate. Shoots produced from coppiced 13SM01 and 13SM05 stock plants were collected at different times of the year to prepare single-bud cuttings. The cuttings were measured as their diameter in the central portion and treated with 0 and 3000 mg L-1 of IBA. After 60 days, cuttings were evaluated to determine survival and rooting percentages, number of roots, and length of the three largest roots. A completely randomized design was used in a 4 × 2 × 2 × 13 (collection times x stock plants x IBA treatment x diameter classes) factorial scheme with 15 replications. Competence for adventitious rooting was highest for stock plant 13SM05. Cuttings collected in November and February had the highest rooting percentages, without the need of IBA treatment. Cuttings from 13SM01 and 13SM05 with diameters smaller than 0.636 cm (classes 1 to 6) and smaller than 0.712 cm (classes 1 to 7), respectively, had the highest rooting percentages and differed significantly from cuttings with larger diameters. Thus, the results of the present study indicate that stock plants, time of shoot collection, and diameter of vegetative propagules influence adventitious rooting competence of mate cuttings from coppicing adult plants. Rooting of mate cuttings with lower rhizogenic competence is influenced by the application of 3000 mg L-1 of IBA.
Metamitron in the chemical thinning of ‘PS 10711’ peach trees
Authors: Farias Roseli de Mello , Barreto Caroline Farias , Zandoná Renan Ricardo , Hellwig Cristiano Geremias , Martins Carlos Roberto , Malgarim Marcelo Barbosa , Marodin Gilmar Arduino Bettio
Published: October 2020

Chemical thinning of fruits may be an alternative practice to hand thinning. Hand thinning must be performed in a short time during the fruiting stage, but lack of manpower and the onerous costs of the operation make it increasingly difficult to employ it at the right time and at the ideal intensity. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of different concentrations of metamitron as a chemical thinner on ‘PS 10711’ peach trees. The experiment was carried out during two harvests in an orchard in the municipality of Eldorado do Sul, in the Central Depression region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Treatments consisted of the application of metamitron at the concentrations of 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg L-1; hand thinning; and no thinning. The fruits were thinned chemically and by hand 40 days after the peach trees were in full bloom. Fruit abscission, fruit set, number of fruits, production per tree and fruit quality were evaluated. Metamitron has a thinning effect on the peaches of cultivar PS 10711. The metamitron concentrations of 100 and 200 mg L-1 result in less fruit abscission as compared with hand thinning. The thinning effect of metamitron alters production per tree, but does not interfere with fruit quality.
Seismic hazard analysis and design loads
Authors: Berrill J. B.
Published: October 2020

This article briefly reviews the seismic design load and zoning scheme proposed by the NZNSEE Bridge Study Group and discusses subsequent work in improving the underlying estimates of New Zealand seismic hazard. The loading scheme, published in 1980, was based on contemporary knowledge of seismic hazard in New Zealand and was innovative in its format which was chosen to give the designer flexibility in selecting the degree of ductility built into the structure, and the return period of the design motions. Difficulty in estimating the design spectra for the NZNSEE study prompted a number of research projects at Canterbury University directed towards a thorough analysis of seismic hazard in New Zealand, expressed directly in terms of acceleration response spectra. These studies, together with complementary work by the SANZ Relative Earthquake Risk Subcommittee are described and discussed.
Soil-Surface Straw Influences Micrometeorological Conditions Affecting Canola Mortality During Nighttime Frosts
Authors: Kovaleski Samuel , Heldwein Arno B. , Dalmago Genei A. , Gouvêa Jorge A. de , Cunha Gilberto R. da , Fochesatto Elizandro
Published: October 2020

Our objective was to measure alterations in the micrometeorological conditions surrounding canola seedlings during frost periods, and to quantify seedling mortality as a function of straw distribution on the ground surface. The data was acquired from 15 frosts in 2014. We used four treatments, comprising ground surface without straw (SWS), ground surface entirely straw-covered (SEC), sowing line without straw (SLW), and soil with preexisting surface straw (SES), over three experiments. Net radiation (NR), soil heat flux (G), air (Ta), leaf (Lf), rosette (Tr), and surface temperature (Ts), and plant mortality were evaluated. NR was higher in the SEC treatment and lower in the SLW treatment, whereas G was higher on straw-covered ground; Ts and Ta were lower in the SEC than in the other treatments during the most intense frosts. On 06/19, Tr in the SEC and SLW treatments was -0.66 °C and 0.42 °C, respectively; on 08/14, Lf was -3.62 °C and -2.88 °C in the SEC and SLW treatments, respectively. Plant mortality due to the frost on 06/19 was 30% in the SEC treatment, but 0% in the SLW treatment; the frost of 08/14 caused 33.8% mortality in the SEC treatment and 1.25% in the SLW treatment. This therefore showed that removing straw from the sowing line improved the microclimate around the plants, thus reducing canola mortality at the beginning of the growth cycle, which is when frost events most frequently occur.
The Test of all Ratitas
Authors:   Crossref, Stark Jon
Published: October 2020

Podría comprarme unos caramelos… pero mejor no, porque me dolerá la barriga. Podría comprarme unos alfileres… no tampoco, porque me podría pincharme… ¡Ya sé! Me compraré una cinta de seda y haré con ella unos lacitos. Y así lo hizo la ratita. Con su lazo en la cabeza y su lazo en la colita la ratita salió al balcón para que todos la vieran. Entonces apareció por ahí un burro: - Buenos días ratita, qué guapa estás. - Muchas gracias señor burro - dijo la ratita con voz presumida - ¿Te quieres casar conmigo? - Depende. ¿Cómo harás por las noches? - ¡Hiooo, hiooo! - Uy no no, que me asustarás El burro se fue triste y cabizbajo y en ese momento llegó un gallo. - Buenos días ratita. Hoy estás especialmente guapa, tanto que te tengo que pedir que te cases conmigo. ¿Aceptarás?
Alleviating Poverty in Malta: Changing Minds through Education
Authors: Demanuele Montebello Theresa
Published: October 2020

Education plays an important role in minimizing the risk of a person falling into poverty. Studies have shown that persons who pursue an education to post-secondary and tertiary level are considered to be less at risk of poverty. Studies also show that the impact of education and the risk of poverty may also be generational. Individuals born in families with a lower educational level are more likely to be at risk of poverty. Research has shown that children who experience poverty very early in life may tend to have issues with achieving a complete education. This may have a ripple effect since education effects employability; that, in turn, plays an important role to address the importance of improving the financial capability of the individual and his family. This research aims to indicate strategies that may be drawn up in order to address the important role of education in eradicating poverty. A holistic approach which offers the right content, structure, and facilities is important in order to guarantee a sound basis on which more educational building blocks may be built by the individual during the educational path that the person decides to follow. Changing minds of professionals involved in planning and devising educational reforms and strategies, together with providing the most adequate support for inclusive education, key skills tutoring, and mentoring, will ensure more success stories. All these strategies will concurrently help in different ways to address the issue of financial capability of an individual and his family, and thus alleviate poverty.
Superação de dormência de sementes e desenvolvimento de mudas de jatobazeiro em substratos alternativos
Authors: Carvalho Patrícia Rodrigues Maffud , Silva César Antônio da , Reis Luís Léssi dos , Maffud Janaina Rodrigues
Published: October 2020

The propagation of the jatoba (Hymenaea courbarilL.) by seeds is highly promising in the recovery of degraded areas. Thus, the present research aimed to compare methods forjatoba plant seeds dormancy overcomingand to evaluate the development of seedlings of this species in alternative substrates. In the first experiment, in screened nursery, a completely randomized design was used, with four replications and seven seed treatments: scarification with sandpaper(SS), SS and immersion in water for 24 h, SS and immersion in water for 48 h, intact seed, seed immersed in water for 48 h and seed immersed in water for 96 h. The seedlings that emergency were counted every other days, from 13 to 51days after sowing, quantifying the emergence percentage, the emergence speed index and the emergence average time.The second experiment, in greenhouse,was composed ofthree replicates, in randomized blocks, being seven substrates were used:commercial substrate (CS); 40% SC + 60% forest humus (FH); 40% SC + 60% charcoal rice husk (CRH); 40% SC + 60% bovine manure (BM); 40% CRH + 60% BM; 40% CRH + 60% FH; e 40% FH + 60% BM. At 50, 70 and 120 days after sowing were evaluated the parameters: seedlingheight, leafsnumber, stem diameter, fresh matterand dry matter of aerial partand roots, and leaf area.At 120 DAS, the chlorophyll index was also evaluated. The scarification with sandpaper and immersion of seeds in water for 24 hours presented a greater emergence (96.4% and IVE = 0.697).The mixture containing 40% FHand 60% BMresulted seedlings with a larger leaf area, chlorophyll index and roots and aerial part dry matter, at 120 days after sowing.
Deep learning for early performance prediction of introductory programming students: a comparative and explanatory study
Authors: Pereira Filipe Dwan , Fonseca Samuel C. , Oliveira Elaine H. T. , Oliveira David B. F. , Cristea Alexandra I. , Carvalho Leandro S. G.
Published: October 2020

Introductory programming may be complex for many students. Moreover, there is a high failure and dropout rate in these courses. A potential way to tackle this problem is to predict student performance at an early stage, as it facilitates human-AI collaboration towards prescriptive analytics, where the instructors/monitors will be told how to intervene and support students - where early intervention is crucial. However, the literature states that there is no reliable predictor yet for programming students’ performance, since even large-scale analysis of multiple features have resulted in only limited predictive power. Notice that Deep Learning (DL) can provide high-quality results for huge amount of data and complex problems. In this sense, we employed DL for early prediction of students’ performance using data collected in the very first two weeks from introductory programming courses offered for a total of 2058 students during 6 semesters (longitudinal study). We compared our results with the state-of-the-art, an Evolutionary Algorithm (EA) that automatic creates and optimises machine learning pipelines. Our DL model achieved an average accuracy of 82.5%, which is statistically superior to the model constructed and optimised by the EA (p-value << 0.05 even with Bonferroni correction). In addition, we also adapted the DL model in a stacking ensemble for continuous prediction purposes. As a result, our regression model explained ~62% of the final grade variance. In closing, we also provide results on the interpretation of our regression model to understand the leading factors of success and failure in introductory programming.
Preventing Brain Drain: Kazakhstan’s Presidential “Bolashak” Scholarship and Government Regulations of Intellectual Migration
Authors: Bokayev Baurzhan , Torebekova Zulfiya , Davletbayeva Zhuldyz
Published: October 2020

This article considers the Republic of Kazakhstan's internal intellectual migration within the scope of the Bolashak International Scholarship Program which aims to train highly-killed specialists at the best universities in the world.  The analysis covers mechanisms of public investment in training of highly-qualified specialists, regulatory measures to promote employment opportunities nationally and the geographical scope of internal-intellectual migration of Bolashak graduates.  A survey of Bolashak graduates assesses the country’s labour market capacity and detects factors affecting migration among Kazakh youth.
The study showed that most graduates of the Bolashak program want to contribute to the development of the country, but they are not satisfied with the level of wages in Kazakhstan. Migratory moods were noted only among graduates aged 23-28 years, while older graduates aged 29 to 35 still preferred to stay at home. Moreover, among the first group of graduates, the priority was given to the standard of living in the country of destination rather than professional opportunities. Graduates from the second group were more interested in career prospects rather than in the standard of living in the country of destination.
This research was funded by the Science Committee of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Grant No. АР05136246).
Inflammation and Ovulation
Authors: Pant Pankaj , R. Chitme Havagiray
Published: October 2020

The ovulation is a complex physiological process which is very commonly affected in patients with PCOS. Understanding inflammatory process involved in ovulation is important with respect to its onset, diagnosis and treatment. There are multiple inflammatory factors are associated with ovulation however anovulation and contraception have not been therapeutically explored in context with inflammatory process. Therefore, this chapter is written to help readers to understand the basics of inflammation in ovulation and role of inflammatory mediators in ovulation. This chapter also describes genetic and molecular aspects linked to ovulation.
COVID‐19 in Neonates: A Review
Authors: Saeedi Maryam , Sangsari Razieh , Mirnia Kayvan
Published: October 2020

: Neonates are vulnerable to COVID-19 infection. Its estimated rate in this age group is unknown. There is a robust transmission of COVID-19 from human-to-human. The result of all COVID-19 PCR tests on the amniotic fluid, placenta, cord, and breast milk was negative. The nasopharyngeal swab test of COVID-19 PCR in 56% of neonates was positive. 46.6% of neonates were asymptomatic, and in the others, the most common symptoms were: shortness of breath, tachypnea, cough, apnea, temperature instability, tachycardia. The possibility of vertical transmission (maternal-fetal) of COVID-19 is unknown. Because the most infected neonates with COVID-19 are asymptomatic, the transmission of the disease to other family members is very likely.
The Natural Part of Political Justice in Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics
Authors: Berry Matthew ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2020

Scholars have advanced many different interpretations of Aristotle’s discussion of “the naturally just” in the Nicomachean Ethics. Most of these interpretations, however, pay insufficient attention to the context into which Aristotle introduces the concept, and in particular to Aristotle’s discussion of political justice, of which “the naturally just” is only a part. This paper seeks to recover that context and to offer a new interpretation of “the naturally just” as the part of political justice that is derived from the nature of republican politics, rather than from the agreement of fellow citizens.
Hermeneutical Justice in Fricker, Dotson, and Arendt
Authors: Ferguson Magnus ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2020

I propose that Hannah Arendt’s hermeneutical philosophy can make important contributions to ongoing debates in the study of epistemic injustice. Building on Kristie Dotson’s concern that Miranda Fricker’s formulation of hermeneutical injustice is needlessly restrictive, I argue that Arendt’s concept of ‘thinking’ challenges us to imagine a form of hermeneutical virtue that is rigorously self-critical. The self-destructive tendency of Arendtian thinking may help to guard against the specific danger that Dotson identifies - namely, that an overly rigid approach to hermeneutical injustice and hermeneutical virtue can itself generate situations of epistemic injustice. Despite important differences that emerge, it is productive to bring together Fricker’s concept of hermeneutical virtue and Arendt’s concept of self-undermining thinking in order to reveal the ways in which these two corrective strategies might enrich and pose important challenges for the other.
A importância dos inventários do programa GHG Protocol para a gestão das emissões ambientais: estudo de caso do Maranhão
Authors: Melo Vanessa Silva , Sinfrônio Francisco Sávio Mendes
Published: October 2020

Estudos acadêmicos correlatos demonstram a importância da divulgação de inventários ou relatórios com informações ambientais e despertam para a questão da qualidade dessas informações com relação à robustez e credibilidade do relatório. Assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo examinar os perfis dos inventários de emissões de GEE do registro público do Programa GHG Protocol elaborados pelas empresas localizadas no Maranhão, e avalia a significância desses documentos em prestar informações claras sobre a eficácia das ações ambientais frente ao quadro das mudanças climáticas. Para tanto, este se baseia numa abordagem qualitativa, com o emprego de pesquisa do tipo descritiva e a utilização de procedimentos bibliográfico e documental, por meio de análise de conteúdo de dados secundários. A análise das evidências foi desenvolvida com base nas informações contidas nos inventários de emissões disponibilizados pelo programa GHG Protocol das empresas notadas por A, B, C, D, E, F e G juntamente com outras informações de seus desempenhos ambientais disponíveis nos sites das empresas analisadas. O resultado do estudo indica que os inventários avaliados não apresentaram uma análise crítica, bem como foram identificadas oportunidades de melhoria na clareza das ações que estão ou foram implantadas para a redução dos GEE, na divulgação dos inventários e na efetivação da ferramenta como instrumento de gestão das emissões.
Assessment of stability of the enclosing rocks of Kupol Deposit based on the analysis of their fundamental physical and mechanical properties (Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Anadyr District)
Authors: Dashko Regina Eduardovna , Romanov Ivan Sergeevich
Published: October 2020

The object of this research is the examination of stability of volcanogenic-sedimentary and effusive rocks in the mine workings of Kupol Deposit. The subject of this research is the analysis and assessment of the physical and mechanical properties of these rocks in the solid, considering the intensity of fracturing and the degree of their water content, using the indicators developed by Professor N. S. Bulychev and Professor G. L. Fisenko. The data acquired in real assessment of the state of rock mass prove the choice of applied ground support at Kupol mine. Research methodology is based on the analysis of structural-tectonic peculiarities of Kupol deposit, which defines the high degree of disintegration of complex set of rocks and dictates the need for development of staging approach towards characterization rock stability in mines – from the samples to the full array. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that this work is first to implement phasic approach towards evaluation of stability of the rocks in Kupol mine for transition from the results of laboratory studies of rock samples to assessment of their actual behavior during the exploration of the deposit in severe mining, geological and hydrogeological conditions. It is noted that the Deposit is associated with the volcano-tectonic depression of the Okhotsk-Chukotka volcanic belt, complicated by younger volcanogenic tectonic activity, and is located in the zone of the Middle Kayemraveemsky fault of 1st level of latitudinal outstretch. Analysis is conducted on the implemented system of field development in complex mining and geological conditions.
Social dysfunctions of philosophy in modern society
Authors: Popkova Natal'ya Vladimirovna
Published: October 2020

This article reviews the current content of social functions of the philosophy. The popularity of philosophy, which used to be considered one of the leading areas of culture and provided ideological grounds for social movements, is diminishing in technogenic society. The social functions previously fulfilled by philosophy no longer align with the societal interests. Science and politics do not challenge philosophy with the global questions, to which it has always sought answers. An assumption is made that one of the causes for the current decline of interest in philosophy is its social dysfunctions: along with the yielding benefits, philosophy can also be counterproductive. The research methodology contains articulation and discussion of the problems, comparative and situational analysis, structuring of concepts, cultural-historical comparisons, typological constructs, and generalizations. As a result, the author determines the two social dysfunctions of philosophy that may be the cause for its current unpopularity. Socio-axiological dysfunction impairs the foundations of social order, criticizing the fundamental worldview principles of culture. Hypercritical dysfunction disorientates the person by multiplicity of philosophical doctrines, and impedes selecting their own worldview principles, demonstrating the refutability of any opinion. It is concluded that philosophy could be more actively involved in humanization of the society, if leans towards neutralization of these dysfunctions and improvement of the narrative form of philosophical research.
Comunicación del liderazgo y la autoridad en redes sociales. El caso de lady Amelia Windsor en Instagram
Authors: El Habchi Mahir Zineb , Padilla Castillo Graciela
Published: October 2020

Purpose: Demonstrate that social networks are a new source of leadership, power and authority, through the study of Lady Amelia Windsor’s Instagram account.

Design / Methodology / Approach: Diachronic, quantitative and qualitative study of a corpus of 119 posts on Instagram, from May 2019 to May 2020.

Results: 84 % of posts include at least one promoted product or service. In no case is it explicit that it is a promotion. 32 % of sponsorships are fashion brands and 21 % are luxury fashion brands. The average number of likes per post is 2,385 and 38 comments per post. Only 0.046 % of followers leave a comment. She has not responded to any comments.

Limitations / implications: Although influencers have many followers, having a high number of followers does not always entail being an influencer. Interacting with followers helps strengthen the bond between the influencer, as a leader, and his/her community. The difference between a leader and Lady Amelia Windsor is that the leader attracts by his/her charismatic personality, while she is followed as an aspiration to live the lifestyle that she has.

Originality / Contribution: Some celebrities, famous and powerful, try to find on Instagram the influence, leadership and authority that they do not have in real life.
Research, development and capacity building for food and nutrition security in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: I. O. Jideani Afam
Published: October 2020

This paper focuses on research, development, and capacity building in relation to food and nutrition security (FNS) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). It looks at human capacity, education, teaching and learning, women empowerment, research, innovation and technology, research, indigenous knowledge (IK), institutional aspects, infrastructure, information and communication technologies (ICT), policies and finance. Professional bodies exist in many countries and the extent to which they engage in FNS awareness creation differs. Food and nutrition insecurity continues to affect people in Africa’s 54 nations where the population is expected to double by 2050 with the expected doubling of food production to keep pace with population growth. Within the continent there is a substantial number of human capacity professionals who are global leaders in food, nutrition and related professions. Some research organisations in the continent directly or indirectly benefit from grants administered by developed economies but a challenge exists with brain drain and ageing of qualified and experienced experts. Increasing educational need, coupled with the growing population necessitates attention to ensuring a sustained supply of highly trained, adequately equipped and qualified professionals in the relevant fields of food and nutrition sciences. Higher educational institutions exist in especially those that fall within the 500 in world universities ranking. Research activities take place in the continent along with the translation of research outputs into commercialisable products. Research towards transforming agriculture for improved livelihoods is taking place in different parts of the continent. Education, governance, gender and rural development are the key challenges. Income growth and the impacts of climate change on food production have contributed to food insecurity. ICTs can play an important role for FNS. Strengthening research, development, capacity building and industry cooperation are critical for FNS in Africa.
Algorithms Are Not Enough
Authors: Roitblat Herbert L.
Published: October 2020

Why a new approach is needed in the quest for general artificial intelligence.

Since the inception of artificial intelligence, we have been warned about the imminent arrival of computational systems that can replicate human thought processes. Before we know it, computers will become so intelligent that humans will be lucky to be kept as pets. And yet, although artificial intelligence has become increasingly sophisticated—with such achievements as driverless cars and humanless chess-playing—computer science has not yet created general artificial intelligence. In Algorithms Are Not Enough, Herbert Roitblat explains how artificial general intelligence may be possible and why a robopocalypse is neither imminent nor likely.

Existing artificial intelligence, Roitblat shows, has been limited to solving path problems, in which the entire problem consists of navigating a path of choices—finding specific solutions to well-structured problems. Human problem-solving, on the other hand, includes problems that consist of ill-structured situations, including the design of problem-solving paths themselves. These are insight problems, and insight is an essential part of intelligence that has not been addressed by computer science. Roitblat draws on cognitive science, including psychology, philosophy, and history, to identify the essential features of intelligence needed to achieve general artificial intelligence.

Roitblat describes current computational approaches to intelligence, including the Turing Test, machine learning, and neural networks. He identifies building blocks of natural intelligence, including perception, analogy, ambiguity, common sense, and creativity. General intelligence can create new representations to solve new problems, but current computational intelligence cannot. The human brain, like the computer, uses algorithms; but general intelligence, he argues, is more than algorithmic processes.
Cytotoxic T cells swarm by homotypic chemokine signalling
Authors: Galeano Niño Jorge Luis , Pageon Sophie V , Tay Szun S , Colakoglu Feyza , Kempe Daryan , Hywood Jack , Mazalo Jessica K , Cremasco James , Govendir Matt A , Dagley Laura F , Hsu Kenneth , Rizzetto Simone , Zieba Jerzy , Rice Gregory , Prior Victoria , O'Neill Geraldine M , Williams Richard J , Nisbet David R , Kramer Belinda , Webb Andrew I , Luciani Fabio , Read Mark N , Biro Maté
Published: October 2020

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are thought to arrive at target sites either via random search or following signals by other leukocytes. Here, we reveal independent emergent behaviour in CTL populations attacking tumour masses. Primary murine CTLs coordinate their migration in a process reminiscent of the swarming observed in neutrophils. CTLs engaging cognate targets accelerate the recruitment of distant T cells through long-range homotypic signalling, in part mediated via the diffusion of chemokines CCL3 and CCL4. Newly arriving CTLs augment the chemotactic signal, further accelerating mass recruitment in a positive feedback loop. Activated effector human T cells and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells similarly employ intra-population signalling to drive rapid convergence. Thus, CTLs recognising a cognate target can induce a localised mass response by amplifying the direct recruitment of additional T cells independently of other leukocytes.