bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sunflower‐Inspired Superhydrophobic Surface with Composite Structured Microcone Array for Anisotropy Liquid/Ice Manipulation
Authors: Yang Jiajun , Liu Guang , Zhang Kaiteng , Li Ping , Yan Haipeng , Yan Yu , Zheng Yingdong , Zhao Zehui , Zhang Liwen , Liu Xiaolin , Yang Guang , Chen Huawei
Published: August 2024

Precisely controlling the directional motion trajectories of droplets on anisotropic 3D functional surfaces has great application potential in self‐cleaning, drug delivery, and droplet power generation, but it also faces huge challenges. Herein, inspired by the microcone structure in the heart of sunflowers, a nanoneedle‐modified microcone array surface (NMAS) is reported. The surface is created using a combination of nanosecond laser direct engraving and electroforming and is subsequently fluorinated. Through programmable control of the laser spot, the geometric parameters and inclination angle of the microcone can be quickly and finely adjusted, thereby achieving precise control of the droplet bouncing trajectory. The results show that droplets can achieve programmable multiple bouncing behaviors on patterned functional surfaces, including gravity‐defying hopping and directional water transport. It is worth noting that this functional surface has delayed freezing and anti‐freezing effects. Furthermore, this functional surface has a wide range of potential applications, including surface self‐cleaning, droplet capture, and droplet‐based chemical microreactions, especially in the field of anti‐icing operations. This opens up a new way for the directional transport of droplets on biomimetic functional surfaces.
Electronic Structure Regulation by Fe Doped Ni‐Phosphides for Long‐term Overall Water Splitting at Large Current Density
Authors: Long Yanju , Jiang Pingping , Liao Peisen , Yang Chenyu , Li Suisheng , Xian Jiahui , Sun Yamei , Liu Qinghua , Li Guangqin
Published: August 2024

Acquiring a highly efficient electrocatalyst capable of sustaining prolonged operation under high current density is of paramount importance for the process of electrocatalytic water splitting. Herein, Fe‐doped phosphide (Fe‐Ni5P4) derived from the NiFc metal−organic framework (NiFc‐MOF) (Fc: 1,1′‐ferrocene dicarboxylate) shows high catalytic activity for overall water splitting (OWS). Fe‐Ni5P4||Fe‐Ni5P4 exhibits a low voltage of 1.72 V for OWS at 0.5 A cm−2 and permits stable operation for 2700 h in 1.0 m KOH. Remarkably, Fe‐Ni5P4||Fe‐Ni5P4 can sustain robust water splitting at an extra‐large current density of 1 A cm−2 for 1170 h even in alkaline seawater. Theoretical calculations confirm that Fe doping simultaneously reduces the reaction barriers of coupling and desorption (O*→OOH*, OOH*→O2
*) in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and regulates the adsorption strength of the intermediates (H2O*, H*) in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), enabling Fe‐Ni5P4 to possess excellent dual functional activity. This study offers a valuable reference for the advancement of highly durable electrocatalysts through the regulation derived from coordination frameworks, with significant implications for industrial applications and energy conversion technologies.
A Na‐Free Surface Enables “Three‐In‐One” Enhancement of Structural, Interfacial and Air Stability for Sodium‐Ion Battery Cathodes
Authors: Sun Guojie , Hao Youchen , Feng Lihua , Zhou Xiaochong , Tian Ziqi , Zhang Zhongcai , Zhang Xuan , Jiang Yinzhu
Published: August 2024

O3‐type layered oxides are regarded as one of the most promising cathode materials for sodium‐ion batteries. However, the multistep phase transitions, severe electrode/electrolyte parasitic reactions, and moisture sensitivity are challenging for their practical application because of the highly active Na+. Here, a Na‐free layer is built on the surface of NaNi1/3Mn1/3Fe1/3O2 (NMF111) via a leaching treatment and the subsequent surface reconstruction. Accordingly, both the structural degradation from bulk to surface and the overgrowth of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) are greatly ameliorated, which results in the improved capacity retention of modified NMF111 from 58.3% to 89.6% after 400 cycles at 1 C. Besides, the Na‐free surface with rock‐salt structure prevents the H+/Na+ exchange and then enables good reversibility and low polarization of the optimal NMF111 when exposed to wet air (50% RH) for 4 days. This work opens a new avenue for the comprehensive cyclability improvement of layered oxides via surface reconstruction.
Enhancing the Mn Redox Kinetics of LiMn0.5Fe0.5PO4 Cathodes Through a Synergistic Co‐Doping with Niobium and Magnesium for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Vanaphuti Panawan , Manthiram Arumugam
Published: August 2024

The concerns on the cost of lithium‐ion batteries have created enormous interest on LiFePO4 (LFP) and LiMn1‐xFexPO4 (LMFP) cathodes However, the inclusion of Mn into the olivine structure causes a non‐uniform atomic distribution of Fe and Mn, resulting in a lowering of reversible capacity and hindering their practical application. Herein, a co‐doping of LMFP with Nb and Mg is presented through a co‐precipitation reaction, followed by a spray‐drying process and calcination. It is found that LiNbO3 formed with the aliovalent Nb doping resides mainly on the surface, while the isovalent Mg2+ doping occurs into the bulk of the particle. Full cells assembled with the co‐doped LMFP cathode and graphite anode demonstrate superior cycling stability and specific capacity, while maintaining good tap density, compared to the undoped or mono‐doped (only with Nb or Mg). The co‐doped sample exhibits a capacity retention of 99% over 300 cycles at a C/2 rate. The superior performance stems from the enhanced ionic/electronic transport facilitated by Nb coating and the enhanced Mn2+/3+ redox kinetics resulting from bulk Mg doping. Altogether, this work reveals the importance of the synergistic effect of different dopants in enhancing the capacity and cycle stability of LMFP.
Self‐Supporting Hierarchical Carbon Network Loaded with NiW Nanoparticles for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Wang Xian , Qin Ze , Qian Jinjie , Chen Liyu , Shen Kui
Published: August 2024

Water splitting technology can convert renewable energies such as solar and wind into hydrogen energy, which is key to achieving a low‐carbon hydrogen economy cycle. However, Pt‐based catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are too expensive, thus it needs to develop efficient non‐noble metal catalysts as alternatives. Herein, Ni‐BDC‐loaded carbon cloth (CC) is co‐pyrolyzed with urea to obtain a composite structure of carbon nanotubes (CNT) and porous carbon (PC) embedded with W‐doped Ni nanoparticles on CC, resulting in NiW‐CNT/PC/CC. Benefiting from the synergistic effect between Ni and W, the high conductivity of CNT, and the high mass transfer rate of PC, NiW‐CNT/PC/CC exhibits excellent HER activity in KOH, which only requires a low overpotential of 45 mV to drive a current density of 10 mA cm−2 with stability exceeding 40 h. Simulation calculations confirm that the W doping in metal Ni can optimize its electronic structure by lowering the d‐band center and weakening hydrogen adsorption, thus reducing its HER barrier.
Asymmetrical Functionalization of Polarizable Interface Restructuring Molecules for Rapid and Longer Operative Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Son Chae Yeong , Kim Daehyun , Jun Seo‐Young , Park Haesun , Ryu Won‐Hee
Published: August 2024

Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) have been recognized as high‐energy storage alternatives; however, problematic surface reactions due to dendritic Li growth are major obstacles to their widespread utilization. Herein, a 3‐mercapto‐1‐propanesulfonic acid sodium salt (MPS) with asymmetrically functionalized thiol and sulfonate groups as polarizable interface‐restructuring molecules is proposed to achieve rapid and longer‐operating LMBs. Under a harsh condition of 5 mA cm−2, Li–Li symmetric cells employing MPS can be cycled over 1200 cycles, outperforming those employing other molecules symmetrically functionalized by thiol or sulfonate groups. The improved performance of the Li|V2O5 full cell is demonstrated by introducing MPS additives. MPS additives offer advantages by flattening the surface, reconfiguring Li nucleation and growth along the stable (110) plane, and forming a durable and conductive solid–electrolyte interface layer (SEI). This study suggests an effective way to develop a new class of electrolyte additives for LMBs by controlling engineering factors, such as functional groups and polarizable properties.
Unraveling the Mechanism of Covalent Organic Frameworks‐Based Functional Separators in High‐Energy Batteries
Authors: Li Wenjie , Hao Zhendong , Cao Shihai , Chen Silin , Wang Xue , Yin Huimin , Tao Xuewei , Dai Yuming , Cong Yuan , Ju Jia
Published: August 2024

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are promising porous materials due to their high specific surface area, adjustable structure, highly ordered nanochannels, and abundant functional groups, which brings about wide applications in the field of gas adsorption, hydrogen storage, optics, and so forth. In recent years, COFs have attracted considerable attention in electrochemical energy storage and conversion. Specifically, COF‐based functional separators are ideal candidates for addressing the ionic transport‐related issues in high‐energy batteries, such as dendritic formation and shuttle effect. Therefore, it is necessary to make a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of COFs in functional separators. In this review, the advantages, applications as well as synthesis of COFs are firstly presented. Then, the mechanism of COFs in functional separators for high‐energy batteries is summarized in detail, including pore channels regulating ionic transport, functional groups regulating ionic transport, adsorption effect, and catalytic effect. Finally, the application prospect of COFs‐based separators in high‐energy batteries is proposed. This review may provide new insights into the design of functional separators for advanced electrochemical energy storage and conversion systems.
Identifying college hazing precursors and related behaviors in secondary school settings
Authors: McCready Adam M. , Biddix J. Patrick , Feuer Emily , Hopkins B. Elliot
Published: August 2024

While often positioned as a higher education challenge, hazing is prevalent in the secondary environment and is often linked to college hazing victimization and perpetration. This article reviews foundational studies of secondary education hazing, peer violence, and bullying, as these related activities are frequently linked in secondary education research. The article closes with recommendations for research and hazing prevention at the secondary school level.
OntoCPS4PMS: Ontology modeling for collaborative cyber‐physical threat defense in power monitoring system
Authors: Teng Jing , Yang Ruge , Wang Tian , Du Junzhe , Sheng Quan Z.
Published: August 2024

Given the deep interconnection between information and physical aspects of power systems, escalating cyber‐attacks pose significant threats to both grid information systems and electrical equipment. The context highlights the importance of risk perception and defense mechanisms in information and functional security for Power Monitoring System (PMS). To address this, we introduce an innovative ontology framework designed for comprehensive cyber‐physical security in PMS (OntoCPS4PMS). OntoCPS4PMS identifies risks from cross‐domain attacks and supports a collaborative defense strategy. It offers a multifaceted assessment method for PMS security events, considering vulnerabilities, cyber‐attack impacts, and physical domain risks. Through simulated PMS attack scenarios, we validate the framework's effectiveness in dynamic cyber‐physical security analysis. The results demonstrate OntoCPS4PMS's ability to trace attacks, locate affected equipment, and recommend mitigation measures, confirming its utility in enhancing PMS security and decision‐making.
Artificial intelligence in urology: a technology with transformative potential
Authors: Ananthapadmanabhan Shravankrishna , Wang Henry , Shanmugasundaram Ramesh , Khadra Mohamed , Thangasamy Isaac
Published: August 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) is experiencing a period of rapid growth in capabilities and interest. The ability of AI to change the current landscape of health care is particularly relevant for urology – a field historically receptive to embracing innovative technologies. The authors consider its potential for improvements in clinical practice, as well as ethical considerations.
The evolution of frailty assessment using inertial measurement sensor‐based gait parameter measurements: A detailed analysis
Authors: Amjad Arslan , Qaiser Shahzad , Błaszczyszyn Monika , Szczęsna Agnieszka
Published: August 2024

Frailty is a significant issue in geriatric health, may cause adverse effects such as falls, delirium, weight loss, or physical decline. Over time, various methods have been developed for measuring frailty, including clinical judgment, the frailty index, the clinical frailty scale, and the comprehensive geriatric assessment. These traditional frailty assessment approaches rely on healthcare professionals, which can lead to inaccuracy and require frequent clinic visits, making it burdensome for elderly patients. This review paper explores the latest trends in frailty assessment by measuring gait parameters using wearable sensors, specifically the inertial measurement unit (IMU). The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive overview of objective methods for evaluating and quantifying frailty. We focus on the application of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques to IMU gait data, highlighting key aspects of recent publications such as algorithms, sensor types, sample sizes, and performance evaluations. By examining the strengths and challenges of each technique, this review aims to guide future studies on utilizing cost‐effective and portable devices integrated with clinical data. This integration can help to propose optimized IMU gait parameters or ML models to detect early‐stage frailty. This advances the emerging trend of intelligent, individualized, and efficient healthcare systems for older adults.

This article is categorized under:

Application Areas > Health Care

Technologies > Machine Learning

Technologies > Artificial Intelligence
Heart of Language: Teamwork as Sociogenesis
Authors: Vogt Tom Caldwell
Published: August 2024

Inspired by my experiences as a graduate student in the Santa Barbara UC Links program some years ago, I created a new program in Augsburg, Germany. As part of my bilingual ‘Media & Learning Communities/Medien & Lerngemeinschaft’ seminar, the ‘English Media Club’ project connects University of Augsburg faculty, undergraduate students, international Erasmus+ (visiting) students, and local school age children in Augsburg, Germany. In this chapter I describe the crucial, multi-level teamwork of such a Uni-After School partnership, with a focus on language-learning processes, building on John Dewey’s claim that “The heart of language…is the establishment of cooperation in an activity in which there are partners, and in which the activity of each is modified and regulated by partnership” (Dewey, 1925/1958, p. 179). Such a ‘learning communities’ approach to language, living, and learning has, in fact, profound implications for language learners, affording optimal possibilities for young people as active participants in vibrant, intercultural, technologically enhanced learning communities. In particular, I look up-close at the planning, filming, editing, and presenting of our case study film, ‘Dark Dreams’ where teamwork and social creativity flourished on a daily basis.
Correlation function of thin-shell operators
Authors: Chen Bin , Liu Yuefeng , Yu Boyang
Published: August 2024

Abstract

In this study, we explore the correlation functions of thin-shell operators, represented semiclassically by a homogeneous, thin interface of dust particles. Employing the monodromy method, we successfully compute the contribution from the Virasoro vacuum block and present the monodromy equation in a closed form without assuming the probe limit. Although an analytical solution to the monodromy equation remains difficult, we demonstrate that it is perturbatively solvable within specific limits, including the probe limit, the heavy-shell limit, and the early-time limit. Moreover, we compare our results with gravitational calculations and find precise agreement. We strengthen our findings by proving that the thermal correlation functions in gravity, after an inverse Laplace transformation, satisfy the field theory’s monodromy equation. Additionally, we identify an infinite series of unphysical solutions to the monodromy equation and discuss their potential geometrical duals.
Risk factors for malalignment after intramedullary nail treatment of distal tibia fractures with associated fibula fractures
Authors: Chaudhry Yash P. , Gutierrez-Naranjo Jose M. , Raad Micheal , Ghanem Diane , Salazar Luis M. , Goodrum Jason T. , Luksameearunothai Kitchai , Zelle Boris A. , Hasenboehler Erik A.
Published: August 2024

Purpose

Malalignment of distal tibia fractures can lead to malunion/nonunion or alter the limb mechanical axis which may cause arthritis. Proposed methods to decrease malalignment include fibular fixation or multiplanar interlocking screws, however these remain controversial. This study aimed to identify factors associated with malalignment in distal tibial fractures with associated fibular shaft fractures.

Methods

A retrospective review was performed of distal tibia fractures with associated fibular shaft fractures treated with intramedullary nailing at two level one trauma centers between 2015 and 2019. Cases involving malalignment (> 5° of deviation from anatomic axis on either coronal/sagittal axis) on final follow-up (minimum three months postoperatively) were compared to those without malalignment with regard to demographics, fracture characteristics, intraoperative characteristics, and complications.

Results

The rate of malalignment was 13%. On multivariate analysis, multiplanar distal interlocking screw fixation (odds ratio [OR], 0.18; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.03–0.92) was associated with a decreased rate of final malalignment, while nail diameter > 10 mm was associated with a higher rate (OR, 4.05; 95% CI 1.25–13.11). Fibular fixation was not associated with malalignment.

Conclusion

Multiplanar distal interlocking screws may protect against malalignment. Fibula fixation does not appear associated with a decreased rate of malalignment in distal tibia fractures treated with intramedullary nails.

Level of Evidence

III.
Monophyly and re-definition of the Indo-Pacific scorpionfish genus Parascorpaena Bleeker 1876 (Scorpaenidae)
Authors: Cabebe-Barnuevo Roxanne , Mochizuki Kentaro , Motomura Hiroyuki
Published: August 2024

A review of the validity of morphological traits defining the scorpionfish genus Parascorpaena Bleeker 1876 resulted in the re-identification of Parascorpaena bandanensis (Bleeker 1851) as Sebastapistes strongia (Cuvier 1829), reducing the number of valid species of Parascorpaena from nine to eight. A modified definition of Parascorpaena, based on morphological characters observed among the valid species, includes: usually complete lateral line, continuing onto the caudal-fin base; second to fifth or sixth pectoral-fin rays branched; usually two or three suborbital spines; body covered with cycloid scales; lower jaw slightly shorter than upper jaw; palatine teeth present; villiform teeth on upper jaw; distinct posterior lacrimal ridge instead of a developed spine; simple anterior and posterior lacrimal spines without additional spinous points; and a posterior lacrimal spine (PLS) oriented strongly forward, with smaller specimens exhibiting ventral orientation with anterior curvature, and those smaller than 20 mm standard length with the PLS oriented postero-ventrally. A concatenated phylogenetic tree constructed using mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI), 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (16S rRNA), and recombination activating gene 1 (RAG1) markers, demonstrated the monophyletic nature of Parascorpaena. In addition, molecular analysis placed Parascorpaena closer to a group represented by Sebastapistes mauritiana (Cuvier 1829) within the paraphyletic Sebastapistes Gill in Streets 1877.
Integrative single-cell and bulk transcriptome analyses identify a distinct pro-tumor macrophage signature that has a major prognostic impact on glioblastomas
Authors: Li Peilin , Su Guolei , Cui Yinglin
Published: August 2024

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly heterogeneous disease with poor clinical outcomes. To comprehensively dissect the molecular landscape of GBM and heterogeneous macrophage clusters in the progression of GBM, this study integrates single-cell and bulk transcriptome data to recognize a distinct pro-tumor macrophage cluster significantly associated with the prognosis of GBM and develop a GBM prognostic signature to facilitate prior subtypes. Leveraging glioma single-cell sequencing data, we identified a novel pro-tumor macrophage subgroup, marked by S100A9, which might interact with endothelial cells to facilitate tumor progression via angiogenesis. To further benefit clinical application, a prognostic signature was established with the genes associated with pro-tumor macrophages. Patients classified within the high-risk group characterized with enrichment in functions related to tumor progression, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition and hypoxia, displays elevated mutations in the TERT promoter region, reduced methylation in the MGMT promoter region, poorer prognoses, and diminished responses to temozolomide therapy, thus effectively discriminating between the prognostic outcomes of GBM patients. Our research sheds light on the intricate microenvironment of gliomas and identifies potential molecular targets for the development of novel therapeutic approaches.
Nest-site selection of Eurasian Curlew (Numenius arquata) in the centre of its European range: adaptation to local macrohabitat factors
Authors: Obłoza Przemysław , Krupiński Dominik , Kasprzykowski Zbigniew
Published: August 2024

The most important cause of the declining numbers of wading birds is a combination of habitat loss and degradation, as well as low productivity due to predation. Knowledge of the habitat requirements of this endangered group of species is critical for maintaining and restoring suitable breeding habitats. The aim of this paper is to characterize those habitat components of the Eurasian Curlew (Numenius arquata) which determine its choice of nesting site. This study was undertaken in three sites in Poland, the most important breeding areas of this species in this country. Our results showed that macrohabitat factors affect curlew nest-site selection in different ways. The most important ones were distance to a forest edge, the percentage cover of managed farmland in the vicinity and the number of farmland plots close to the nest. Other habitat components, such as distance to scattered trees, distance to roads and soil category, were of lesser importance and could be treated as localized. This study is a contribution to the knowledge of the Eurasian Curlew’s nest-site selection in farmland grasslands, which may have implications for its conservation.
Influencer-Centered Accounts of Manipulation
Authors: Werner Micha H.
Published: August 2024

Advances in science and technology have added to our insights into the vulnerabilities of human agency as well as to the methods of exploiting them. This has raised the stakes for efforts to clarify the concept and ethics of manipulation. Among these efforts, Robert Noggle’s influencer-centered account of manipulation has been most significant. He defines manipulative acts as those whereby an agent intentionally influences a recipient’s attitudes so that they do not conform as closely as they otherwise would to the pertinent norms and ideals endorsed by the influencer. This provides a relatively simple and in many ways clear definition of manipulation. It sidesteps thorny debates about autonomy, freedom, or practical rationality. It also promises to reveal a conceptual parallel between manipulating and lying, and thus to explain why manipulation is pro tanto wrong. In one respect, however, the account remains ambiguous: It remains unclear whether, and to what extent, it requires that influencers’ beliefs about what is ideal for their recipients to be grounded in some effort on the part of the influencer to identify with or take on the role of her recipient. This paper explains this ambiguity. It argues that influencer-centrism cannot remain indifferent to the validity of an agent’s beliefs about the ideal state of the recipient and provide an identification requirement that would render the whole account plausible and sufficiently determinate.
Assessment of cranial reconstruction utilizing various implant materials: finite element study
Authors: Shash Yomna H.
Published: August 2024

The human head can sometimes experience impact loads that result in skull fractures or other injuries, leading to the need for a craniectomy. Cranioplasty is a procedure that involves replacing the removed portion with either autologous bone or alloplastic material. While titanium has traditionally been the preferred material for cranial implants due to its excellent properties and biocompatibility, its limitations have prompted the search for alternative materials. This research aimed to explore alternative materials to titanium for cranial implants in order to address the limitations of titanium implants and improve the performance of the cranioplasty process. A 3D model of a defective skull was reconstructed with a cranial implant, and the implant was simulated using various stiff and soft materials (such as alumina, zirconia, hydroxyapatite, zirconia-reinforced PMMA, and PMMA) as alternatives to titanium under 2000N impact forces. Alumina and zirconia implants were found to reduce stresses and strains on the skull and brain compared to titanium implants. However, PMMA implants showed potential for causing skull damage under current loading conditions. Additionally, PMMA and hydroxyapatite implants were prone to fracture. Despite these findings, none of the implants exceeded the limits for tensile and compressive stresses and strains on the brain. Zirconia-reinforced PMMA implants were also shown to reduce stresses and strains on the skull and brain compared to PMMA implants. Alumina and zirconia show promise as alternatives to titanium for the production of cranial implants. The use of alternative implant materials to titanium has the potential to enhance the success of cranial reconstruction by overcoming the limitations associated with titanium implants.

Graphical Abstract
Internet and Gambling: Insights from Australia’s NBN Rollout
Authors: Ackermann Klaus , Awaworyi Churchill Sefa , Munyanyi Musharavati Ephraim
Published: August 2024

Gambling is a well-known leisure activity that leads to significant consequences when consumed excessively. We provide an analysis of the impact of access to faster and more reliable internet connection on gambling. We rely on variations in the rollout of Australia’s largest infrastructure project, National Broadband Network (NBN) installation, to measure internet speed at the postcode level. Using gambling data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey, we find that access to high-speed internet is associated with a decline in gambling proxied by the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI). However, a closer look at the various forms of gambling show that internet speed is associated with an increase in online-based gambling activities, which constitute a relatively small proportion of gambling activities that Australians participate in. In contrast, internet speed is associated with a decline in venue-based gambling activities, which constitute a large proportion of gambling activities that occur in Australia, and therefore explains the overall negative effect on gambling. We find that social capital and cognitive functioning are channels through which internet speed influences gambling.
Comparison of flexibility models for the multibody simulation of compliant mechanisms
Authors: Sorgonà Orazio , Cirelli Marco , Giannini Oliviero , Verotti Matteo
Published: August 2024

This paper presents a comparison among different flexibility models of elastic elements to be implemented in multibody simulations of compliant mechanisms. In addition to finite-element analysis and a pseudo-rigid body model, a novel matrix-based approach, called the Displaced Compliance Matrix Method, is proposed as a further flexibility model to take into account geometric nonlinearities. According to the proposed formulation, the representation of the elastic elements is obtained by resorting to the ellipse of elasticity theory, which guarantees the definition of the compliance matrices in diagonal form. The ellipse of elasticity is also implemented to predict the linear response of the compliant mechanism. Multibody simulations are performed on compliant systems with open-loop and closed-loop kinematic chains, subject to different load conditions. Beams with uniform cross-section and initially curved axis are considered as flexible elements. For each flexibility model, accuracies of displacements and rotations, and computational time, are evaluated and compared. The numerical results have been also compared to the data obtained through a set of experimental tests.
Occurrence, serotypes and virulence characteristics of Shiga toxin-producing and Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates from dairy cattle in South Africa
Authors: Olawole Alaba S. , Malahlela Mogaugedi N. , Fonkui Thierry Y. , Marufu Munyaradzi C. , Cenci-Goga Beniamino T. , Grispoldi Luca , Etter Eric M. C. , Tagwireyi Whatmore M. , Karama Musafiri
Published: August 2024

Shiga toxin-producing and Enteropathogenic Escherichiacoli are foodborne pathogens commonly associated with diarrheal disease in humans. This study investigated the presence of STEC and EPEC in 771 dairy cattle fecal samples which were collected from 5 abattoirs and 9 dairy farms in South Africa. STEC and EPEC were detected, isolated and identified using culture and PCR. Furthermore, 339 STEC and 136 EPEC isolates were characterized by serotype and major virulence genes including stx1, stx2, eaeA and hlyA and the presence of eaeA and bfpA in EPEC. PCR screening of bacterial sweeps which were grown from fecal samples revealed that 42.2% and 23.3% were STEC and EPEC positive, respectively. PCR serotyping of 339 STEC and 136 EPEC isolates revealed 53 different STEC and 19 EPEC serotypes, respectively. The three most frequent STEC serotypes were O82:H8, OgX18:H2, and O157:H7. Only 10% of the isolates were classified as “Top 7” STEC serotypes: O26:H2, 0.3%; O26:H11, 3.2%; O103:H8, 0.6%; and O157:H7, 5.9%. The three most frequent EPEC serotypes were O10:H2, OgN9:H28, and O26:H11. The distribution of major virulence genes among the 339 STEC isolates was as follows: stx1, 72.9%; stx2, 85.7%; eaeA, 13.6% and hlyA, 69.9%. All the 136 EPEC isolates were eaeA-positive but bfpA-negative, while 46.5% carried hlyA. This study revealed that dairy cattle are a major reservoir of STEC and EPEC in South Africa. Further comparative studies of cattle and human STEC and EPEC isolates will be needed to determine the role played by dairy cattle STEC and EPEC in the occurrence of foodborne disease in humans.Please kindly check and confirm the country and city name in affiliation [6].This affiliation is correct.Please kindly check and confirm the affiliationsConfirmed. All Affiliations are accurate
Distinguishing sets of strong recurrence from van der Corput sets
Authors: Mountakis Andreas
Published: August 2024

Sets of recurrence, which were introduced by Furstenberg, and van der Corput sets, which were introduced by Kamae and Mendés France, as well as variants thereof, are important classes of sets in Ergodic Theory. In this paper, we construct a set of strong recurrence which is not a van der Corput set. In particular, this shows that the class of enhanced van der Corput sets is a proper subclass of sets of strong recurrence. This answers some questions asked by Bergelson and Lesigne.
On uncommon systems of equations
Authors: Kamčev Nina , Liebenau Anita , Morrison Natasha
Published: August 2024

A linear system L over $$\mathbb{F}_{q}$$

F

q

is common if the number of monochromatic solutions to L = 0 in any two-colouring of $$\mathbb{F}_{q}^{n}$$

F

q

n

is asymptotically at least the expected number of monochromatic solutions in a random two-colouring of $$\mathbb{F}_{q}^{n}$$

F

q

n

. Motivated by existing results for specific systems (such as Schur triples and arithmetic progressions), as well as extensive research on common and Sidorenko graphs, Saad and Wolf recently initiated the systematic study of common systems of linear equations.

Building upon earlier work of Cameron, Cilleruelo and Serra, as well as Saad and Wolf, common linear equations have recently been fully characterised by Fox, Pham and Zhao, who asked about common systems of equations. In this paper we move towards a classification of common systems of two or more linear equations. In particular we prove that any system containing an arithmetic progression of length four is uncommon, resolving a question of Saad and Wolf. This follows from a more general result which allows us to deduce the uncommonness of a general system from certain properties of one- or two-equation subsystems.
Accident or abuse? Differential diagnosis of contact burns from radiators/heaters in children
Authors: Amadasi A. , Schönfeld C. , Etzold S.
Published: August 2024

Contact burns in children are not uncommon and are often due to accidental contact. Medico-legal assessment is of paramount importance in these contexts to identify cases of abuse. In three cases of burns caused by contact with radiators or a portable heater -two accidental and one deliberate- thorough medico-legal assessment, combined with on-site event reconstruction, enabled accurate diagnoses. Accidental burns displayed a ‘pattern’ compatible with the incandescent instrument but were more irregular, with different depths and in different parts of the body. In contrast, intentional burns were uniform in depth, distribution and localisation, inconsistent with accidental events. In this context, the on-site inspection and direct evaluation of the objects involved were crucial in the medico-legal assessment. These are indispensable elements for a thorough analysis and abuse recognition.
Structural credit risk models with stochastic default barriers and jump clustering using Hawkes jump-diffusion processes
Authors: Pasricha Puneet , Selvamuthu Dharmaraja , Tardelli Paola
Published: August 2024

This paper derives a closed-form expression for the default probability and the default correlation of firms under a structural model of credit risk. Specifically, the underlying firms are assumed to have the value process driven by a Hawkes jump-diffusion model with the continuous parts of the trajectories being driven by correlated Brownian motions, while the jumps being driven by Hawkes processes having general structure of the exciting functions. The proposed framework takes into account the numerically observed facts about the default, i.e., clustering and unexpectedness. Furthermore, the default barriers are assumed to be stochastic in nature and modeled as stochastic processes, affected by common factors reflecting the systematic risk. A sensitivity analysis of default probability and correlation is conducted to investigate the impact of jump risk, clustering, and stochastic default barriers. These numerical studies demonstrate that jump clustering increases the default probability but reduces the correlation of defaults.
KG-CFSA: a comprehensive approach for analyzing multi-source heterogeneous social network knowledge graph
Authors: Akinnubi Abiola , Alassad Mustafa , Amure Ridwan , Agarwal Nitin
Published: August 2024

Analyzing opinions, extracting and modeling information, and performing network analysis in online information studies are challenging tasks with multi-source social network data. This complexity arises from the difficulty in harnessing data across various platforms and the absence of a unified data modeling approach. Although social network analysis has used a multiplex approach to study complex networks, no previous work has integrated data from multiple social networks, knowledge graph fusion, and contextual focal structure analysis (CFSA) for an online study. This study has developed a multi-source graph model and applied a Cartesian merge to model relations across multiple documents, entities, and topics. We improved the information modeled with third-party data sources such as WikiData and DiffBot. This approach has created a multiplex network instance for CFSA detection, incorporating topic-topic, entity-entity, and document-document models. We applied this method to a dataset from the Indo-Pacific region and identified 40,000 unique focal sets of influential topics, entities, and documents. The top sets discussed economics, elections, and policies such as the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework, Ekonomi baru, #NKRIHargaMati, #IndonesiaJaya, and the Xinjiang Supply Chain. Our model tracks information spread across multiple social media platforms and enhances the visibility of vital information using various relationships. The results underscore the effectiveness of KG-CFSA in contextualizing large-scale information from multiple sources.
Computing the Mittag-Leffler function of a matrix argument
Authors: Cardoso João R.
Published: August 2024

It is well-known that the two-parameter Mittag-Leffler (ML) function plays a key role in Fractional Calculus. In this paper, we address the problem of computing this function, when its argument is a square matrix. Effective methods for solving this problem involve the computation of higher order derivatives or require the use of mixed precision arithmetic. In this paper, we provide an alternative method that is derivative-free and works entirely using IEEE standard double precision arithmetic. If certain conditions are satisfied, our method uses a Taylor series representation for the ML function; if not, it switches to a Schur-Parlett technique that will be combined with the Cauchy integral formula. A detailed discussion on the choice of a convenient contour is included. Theoretical and numerical issues regarding the performance of the proposed algorithm are discussed. A set of numerical experiments shows that our novel approach is competitive with the state-of-the-art method for IEEE double precision arithmetic, in terms of accuracy and CPU time. For matrices whose Schur decomposition has large blocks with clustered eigenvalues, our method far outperforms the other. Since our method does not require the efficient computation of higher order derivatives, it has the additional advantage of being easily extended to other matrix functions (e.g., special functions).
Die Nutzung von Transferstrategien beim Transfer von physikalischen Konzepten zum Thema Energie in Zusammenhang mit kontextorientiertem Unterricht und situationalem Interesse
Authors: Gysin Daniel , Bollmann Stella , Brovelli Dorothee
Published: August 2024

Die Fähigkeit der Anwendung von im Unterricht gelernten Konzepten ist ein grundlegendes Ziel des Physikunterrichts. Beim Transfer ihres Wissens wenden Schüler*innen Strategien an. Die vorgestellte Studie hat zum Ziel, affektive Faktoren wie das situationale Interesse und die Kontextorientierung im vorangegangenen Unterricht in Zusammenhang mit der Anwendung von Transferstrategien beim Transfer von physikalischen Konzepten aus dem Themenbereich der Energie zu untersuchen. Weiter wird der Einsatz von Transferstrategien beim Lösen einer physikalischen Transferaufgabe von Lernenden in unterschiedlichen Schulstufen und Schulniveaus verglichen. Es zeigt sich, dass sich beim Vergleich zwischen den Schulniveaus keine nennenswerten Unterschiede bei der Anwendung von Transferstrategien ergeben. Hinsichtlich der Schulstufen sind lediglich vereinzelte Unterschiede bei zwei der fünf Transferstrategien signifikant. Ein Strukturgleichungsmodell zur Modellierung der Zusammenhänge des Interesses, der Kontextorientierung und der Nutzung von Transferstrategien macht darüber hinaus jedoch sichtbar, dass die wahrgenommene Kontextorientierung im Unterricht in vier von fünf Fällen einen positiven Effekt auf die Nutzung von Transferstrategien aufweist (namentlich auf die Strategien Einnehmen einer Subjektperspektive, Analogien Schule, Analogien Freizeit und Schlüsse ziehen). Weiter konnte der aus der Literatur bekannte positive Effekt der Kontextorientierung auf das (situationale) Interesse repliziert werden. Das situationale Interesse wiederum hat keinen direkten Zusammenhang mit vier der fünf Transferstrategien und weist sogar eine negative Korrelation (Kovarianz) mit der Strategie Nachdenken über den Lösungsprozess auf.
The upside of the COVID-19 pandemic on the practice of radiology in resource-poor settings
Authors: Brakohiapa Edmund Kwakye , Ohene-Botwe Benard
Published: August 2024

Despite the devastating global impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, it brought notable benefits to the practice and study of radiology and radiography in resource-poor communities like Ghana. The pandemic necessitated the adoption of remote work and online learning, overcoming previous barriers such as high costs and poor connectivity. Applications like Zoom and Teams facilitated free access to international webinars and conferences, significantly reducing the financial burden of acquiring knowledge. This period also heightened the recognition of radiologists and radiographers, leading to increased prioritisation and investment in their departments by political leaders, including plans for new hospitals with advanced radiological equipment. Additionally, the pandemic provoked research collaborations and educational advancements, equipping radiologists and radiographers with new skills to handle future health crises. Improved hygiene protocols and infection control measures were implemented, reducing the risk of disease transmission. Enhanced internet services enabled radiologists to offer remote image interpretation services, improving healthcare accessibility across regions. International support ensured a steady supply of medical consumables, further enhancing safety. Overall, the pandemic accelerated technological adoption, increased professional recognition, improved safety protocols, and fostered international collaboration, significantly advancing the field of radiology in Ghana.
Theory and Practice in Neuroscience Modelling of Thought: An Interview with Edvard I. Moser
Authors: Moser Edvard I. , Furstenberg Ariel
Published: August 2024

This interview with Professor Edvard I. Moser, a renowned Nobel Laureate in physiology or Medicine, serves as an extension of his lecture delivered at the workshop on “Physics modelling of thought” held in January 2023 in Berlin. The workshop was dedicated to examining the various physics-based approaches to the modelling of thought and its underlying brain mechanisms. Stimulated by his talk, we formulated several questions on the challenges encountered in the experimental testing of theoretical ideas and intuitions, how computational tools have brought about conceptual transformation, as well as the problem of modelling complex systems, and the philosophical grounding of experimental work.
A Viable World in the Anthropocene: Living Together in the Common Home of Planet Earth
Authors: Scheffran Jürgen , Schürmann Eberhard , Weber Roland , Newfields Tim
Published: August 2024

As the world's population continues to surge, the earth's ecological limits are being stretched. Some of the major threats to habitability stem from the pursuit of perpetual economic growth, and power struggles among nations, leading to ecological and social destruction and ongoing crises. A shift toward wiser earth management could enhance habitability through collective strategies within a global political framework. Key components include adopting renewable energy, limiting ecological footprints, fostering clean prosperity, and promoting peaceful coexistence among nations. Our survival hinges on embracing cooperative security and transitioning toward a collective approach to governance, redirecting resources from militarization toward protection of the global commons. This necessitates international collaboration and democratic participation across temporal and spatial scales, facilitated by a UN-led framework. We believe science should play a crucial role in developing common strategies for a viable world, contingent upon decision-makers prioritizing global cooperation over narrow short-term self-interest. Scientists and policymakers can work together, creating more viable futures through international cooperation and a move away from violence. Moreover, citizens have an important role to play by changing their lifestyles and supporting measures mentioned in this paper.
Perceptions of cognitive workload measurement using multimodal sensors in surgery
Authors: Naik Ravi , Fehervari Matyas , Ali Rayyan , Hazell George , Kutaiman Tarek , Singh Rananjay , Vijayanarasimhan Rakshith , Mylonas George , Ashrafian Hutan , Darzi Ara
Published: August 2024

Background

The study of cognitive load management in surgery has led to identification of objective cognitive workload (CWL) correlates offering the potential to improve patient safety, enhance surgeon performance and their long-term well-being. Sensors have been used in isolation within surgery to measure physiological changes of the surgeon to infer CWL. More recently however, the use of multimodal sensors (MMS) has been explored to improve the reliability of CWL measurement. Despite the emergence of this technology, the behavioural intention of future users of MMS is not well understood. The aim of this study is to explore the perceptions of CWL measurement using MMS in surgery and secondly, to develop a model of acceptance amongst a cohort of future users.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey of medical students in the United Kingdom was undertaken by means of an online questionnaire based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model, using performance expectancy (PE), effort expectancy (EE), social influence (SI), facilitating conditions (FC) and behavioural intention (BI) as latent constructs. A purposive sampling method was undertaken over a period of nine months. Results were analysed using structural equation modelling.

Results

There were 232 responses with 138 fully completed responses used for final data analysis. Weighted averages of all item responses demonstrated positive responses to all questionnaire statements. Students strongly agreed to ‘Technology used to measure my mental workload would be useful to me’ (42.8%), ‘I would use the system if it was comfortable to wear’ (53.6%) and ‘I would like to know that the technology is reliable before using it’ (68.8%). Pathway co-efficients were 0.444 for PE → BI (p =  < 0.001), 0.221 for EE → BI (p =  < 0.001), 0.096 for SI → BI (p = 0.186) and 0.142 for FC → BI (p = 0.094).

Conclusion

This study demonstrates an overall positive perception of CWL measurement using MMS. Although social influences and facilitating conditions demonstrate a positive influence on the behavioural intention of students, performance and effort expectancy are significant constructs to consider, namely the comfort and reliability of multimodal sensors. Findings from this study can be used to guide future development of emerging MMS systems that can be used to reduce human error, improve training and patient safety.