bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Model Analysis on Particles Size Distribution of Beryllium Powder
Authors: He Li Jun , Xu De Mei , Hu Nan , Li Ting Ting , Zhong Jing Ming , Wang Zhan Hong , Sun Ben Shuang , Kang Hui Ling , Wan Shuo
Published: December 2012

A physics model was established for describing the particle size distribution of beryllium (Be) powder produced by impact attrition milling. In this model, two factors were considered: the first, the distribution of existing state of particles with different original kinetic energy should obey the Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics after impacted, it was that, being at higher energy level made big particles unstable, which were easy to be fractured into smaller pieces in impact attrition process, this influencing factor described as the negative exponential of particles size; the second, the tendency to remain low surface energy needed particles should keep big volume as much as possible, this effect defined as the cube of particles size. The actual particle size distribution of Be powder was resulted from the competition between these two factors. Calculating result from the model was in good agreement with data from measurement.
Effect of Sintering Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of WC-16TiC-xTaC-9Co Cemented Carbides
Authors: Zhang Chong Cai , Wang Quan
Published: December 2012

In this paper, the WC-16TiC-xTaC-9Co and Co are mixed together preparing for WC, (W, Ti, Ta) C. By high-energy ball milling, the powder is cold isostatic pressed and vacuum sintered by 1410°C, 1430°Cand 1450°C.The physical properties and the micrographs of samples are detected. The main conclusions are as following: sintered samples have the best comprehensive performance at 1450°C, the density of the sample is 99.7% and the actual density is 10.91g/cm3. The hardness is 92.8 HRA and the transverse rupture strength (TRS) is 1100MPa. The grain size grows up obviously with the high temperature. The average grain size of WC is 0.7μm and the average size of (W, Ti, Ta)C is 3μm.
Multi-Fractal Behaviors in Grain Size Distribution of Low Silica Sinter
Authors: Zhang Yu Zhu , Liu Qing , Zhang Qing Jun , Liu Jin Gang , Mo Wen Ling , Li Yuan Liang
Published: December 2012

Multi-fractal theory is used to detect fractal behaviors embedded in grain size distribution ofsinter with low SiO2. Impacts of SiO2, basicity, and MgO on structures of sinter ore are measured quantitatively by means of fractal dimension dm, d(1) and multi-fractal strength Δd. Increase of SiO2 induces decrease of fractal dimension and multi-fractal strength. While proper levels of carbon, basicity, and MgO lead to minimum values of fractal dimension and multi-fractal strength. This kind of quantitative measurement of structures in sinter ore can help us to investigate the relation of mechanical properties and structures in a quantitative way.
Comparison Analysis of Aircraft Aluminum Alloy Corrosion Damage Forecasting Method
Authors: Liu Zhi Guo , Mu Zhi Tao , Cai Zeng Jie
Published: December 2012

Three different analysis methods was put forward to carried out aircraft aluminum alloy structure corrosion damage forecasting,and comparison analysis of different method which included basic forecasting caculation principle and forecasting accuracy and forecasting extensionality also was discussed.The forecasting calculation result shows that the prediction accuracy of neural net and time series method is higher than the data fitting method,and the prediction extensionality of time series method is the best among the three method which discussed.
Microstructure and High Temperature Mechanical Properties of Mg-1Si-1Y Alloy
Authors: Ma Ying , Zhang Zhong Ming , Lv Zhen Lin , Xu Chun Jie
Published: December 2012

Mg-1Si alloy doped with 1%Y was prepared by in-situ reaction synthesis. The effect of hot extrusion on the microstructure and elevated-temperature mechanical properties of the alloy was studied. The microstructures were analyzed by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry. The results show that as-cast Mg-1Si-1Y alloy consists of dendritic α-Mg phase, eutectic needle-like Mg2Si phase and Mg24+xY5 phase precipitated from α-Mg, Mg2Si can be modified and refined by yttrium, and α-Mg grains can be refined by dynamic recrystallization occurred in hot extrusion process. The tensile strength and elongation of the alloy at ambient temperature are improved prominently by hot extrusion. The tensile strength and elongation of the extruded alloy is 185.3MPa and 24.3% at 120°C. The improved elevated-temperature properties of the alloy are ascribed to the fine-grained strengthening and dispersion strengthening from Mg2Si and Mg24+xY5 particles.
Numerical Simulation of Equal Channel Angular Pressing for Multi-Pass in Different Routes
Authors: Zhao Xiao Lian , Chen Na , Zhao Ning Ning
Published: December 2012

In order to investigate the effect of continued equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) with different routes and passes on the homogeneity of structure, the process of continued ECAP for pure aluminum bar was simulated by DEFORM-3D software. It obtains the load-stroke curves for different passes, distribution of effective stress and effective strain in different routes after the sample is extruded eight passes by ECAP in routes A, BC and C. The results show that the uniformity of the sample is improved with the increase of passes. The microstructure of specimen which is extruded in route BC is the most uniform, but it is the worst in route A.
Multi-Field Coupled Analysis on Preparation Process of CZ Crystal
Authors: Ren Ke Liang , Zhao Song Qing , Yang Qiao Di , Guo Dong Xu
Published: December 2012

To consider the high energy consumption and the key components are easy to damage in CZ crystal furnace, in this paper, a multi-field coupled analysis on temperature and flow field has been carried out by using FEM software ANSYS, and the APDL language of ANSYS is used to implement the parametric model design for CZ crystal furnace. In addition, the abilities of APDL to make dynamic model modification, control calculation procedure and extract the result are exploited to simulate the preparation process of CZ crystal and get the temperature and flow field. The results can be used for guiding the producing process of CZ crystal.
Characterization of Stress Concentration Degree Based on 2-Dementional Magnetic Memory Signals
Authors: Wang Hui Peng , Dong Li Hong , Dong Shi Yun , Xue Nan , Xu Bin Shi
Published: December 2012

To explore a way to characterize fatigue damage degree of ferromagnetic materials by metal magnetic memory testing (MMMT), tension-compression fatigue test of specimens with different stress concentration factors made of 45% C steel were carried out. Both normal and tangential component of magnetic memory signals, Hp(y) and Hp(x), of specimens under different fatigue cycles were measured by EMS-2003 and RM-1 magnetic memory testing apparatus respectively. The results show that, the gradient variation of Hp(y) signals during the fatigue test is similar to each other, but the gradient value is different due to the different stress concentration factors. And so is the relative peak value of Hp(x) signals. Both gradient of Hp(y) and relative peak value of Hp(x) can be used to distinguish the stress concentration degree of specimens.
Process Optimization Based on Artificial Neural Network of Plant Oli to Preparing Biodiesel
Authors: Wang Chang Mei , Wu Shao Bing , Zhang Wu Di , Chen Yu Bao , Yin Fang , Liu Shi Qing , Liu Jing , Zhao Xing Ling
Published: December 2012

In order to obtain the optimal technological conditions of preparing biodiesel, artificial neural network was used to study the biodiesel processing model on transesterification method based on the single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment. The results of experiment indicated that we used the back propagation BP algorithm of artificial neural network to set the network prediction model based on the orthogonal test data can forecast the biodiesel conversion rate under different reaction conditions more accurately.The optimal conditions were obtained from this network model as follows: Molar ratio of methanol to oil was 6:1, the catalyst was 1.0% (w/w, based on oil), reaction temperature and reaction time was 65°Cand 2.5h respectively. Under the optimal conditions, the prediction conversion rate was 96.019%, the testing conversion rate was 96.83% and the relative error was 0.84% compared with predicted value. Therefore, the network model could reflect the inherent law of sample.
Synthesis of High Solid Content Acrylic-Polyurethane Hybrid Emulsions with Low Viscosity
Authors: Zheng Zhao Xiang , Liu Shu Fang , Lin Wei Bin , Guo Xiao Ting , He Yan Fen , Li Xiao
Published: December 2012

The emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) with butyl acrylate (BA) using aqueous polyurethane dispersion as seed was undertaken to prepare acrylic-polyurethane (PUA) hybrid emulsions with high solid content. The concentrations of the anionic groups were varied by adding different amount of dimethylolpropionic acid (DMPA). The emulsions with a similar bimodal particle size distribution (PSD) were obtained. The viscosity of the emulsions is about 350 mPa.s while the solid content is about 55%.
Microstructure Evolution of Al/Fe Liquid/Solid Interface
Authors: Jiang Shu Ying , Li Shi Chun
Published: December 2012

The liquid/solid composite technology has wide range of applications in the preparation of Fe-Al composite materials and structures. The diffusion-reaction zone (DRZ) formed in the liquid/solid interface has a great influence on their properties. The Al-Fe diffusion couple was prepared by using the insert technology and treated at 700°C-900°C. The microstructure evolution and growth mechanism of the DRZ in the Al/Fe liquid /solid interface were investigated. The result shows that the microstructure of Al/Fe liquid/solid diffusion couple after heat treatment (HT) is (Al+FeAl3)/FeAl3/Fe2Al5/Fe; Fe2Al5 is the only new phase during the heat preservation process, FeAl3 is formed by desolventizing during the cooling process. The growth of the Fe2Al5 is controlled by the chemical reaction of the Al atoms and Fe atoms before the Fe2Al5 continuous single-phase layer is formed; Once the continuous Fe2Al5 single-phase layer is formed, the growth of the Fe2Al5 mainly depends on the diffusion of Al atoms in the solid phase Fe2Al5 layer, and the reaction occurs in the solid/solid interface of the Fe2Al5 layer and iron. Precipitate is not found in the iron while the needlelike and strip FeAl3 precipitates appear in the aluminum; the density and size of the FeAl3 precipitates decrease gradually from the vicinity of interface to the distant.
Study of Using Internal Thread Whirling in Machining Titanium Dental Implant
Authors: Cheng E. Hsung , Tsai Tung Lin , Lin Ming Jer , Wu Xian Ru , Yeh Nan Ming , Pan Bo Wei , Chen Yi Chin , Kuo Shien Nan
Published: December 2012

Swiss-type lathe is the machine tool of choice in machining titanium dental implants. It is able to do turning, drilling, and milling in a single setup. One of the more challenging processes is the internal threading at one end of the dental implants. Threading in titanium at as little as M1.4 and as deep as 6mm possesses certain difficulties in terms of chips disposal, BUE, tool wear, and tool breakage. The study focuses on internal threading whirling. A new method of applying cutting fluid jet has been tested. The experiments have been done by using the Swiss-type lathe, Star SR-20R.
Effect of Specific Ions in Preparing Water on Viscosity of Polyacrylamide Solution
Authors: Feng Shi De , Yuan Dan Dan , Sui Xin , Dong Jing , Ma Shu Qing , Wu Hong Jun , Wang Bao Hui
Published: December 2012

Served as polymer flooding for the enhanced oil recovery, partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (PAM) has widely been employed for the oil production. The PAM solution prepared by the ground clean water was characterized with a higher viscosity in the early years while one, made by the oilfield produced water in the existence of complicated constituents, features a worse viscosity in the recent operation. In the practical opinion, the viscosity is an important indicator of the polymer flooding. The high viscosity of aqueous PAM solution has being pursued for a goal of the successful operation. For the reason, this research objective could be set toward seeking the causes of the viscosity degradation. In this paper, specific ions in the preparing water on effects of the PAM viscosity were identified and evaluated by the analysis of produced water quality used by the operation of preparation in Daqing oilfield. Effects of the specific ions on PAM viscosity were investigated in the lab test for understanding and controlling the viscosity. The results show that the dominant specific ions were found out to consist of the divalent cation (Ca2+and Mg2+), trivalent cation (Al3+), divalent ferrous ion (Fe2+) and divalent sulfide ion (S2-) by means of the data and related chemical theory. Much notable viscosity degradation of PAM solutions was observed in the degree-viscosity curves as the role of most of the specific ion factors. Totally, the retention rate of the viscosity was obviously lowered with the extension of the specific ion by degrees. By the results, the mechanism of the viscosity degradation was briefly proposed and discussed. These data can be provided and suitably specified for the benefit of polymer flooding production.
Physical Simulation on Forging Method with Horizontal V-Shaped Anvil
Authors: Zhang Yong Jun , Liu Zhu Bai , Han Jing Tao
Published: December 2012

The forging method with horizontal V – shaped anvil is introduced to control fibrous tissue flow direction through changing shape of anvil, its working face is composed of four projecting cone, it can realize no transverse tensile stress forging. For this, in the paper qualitative physical simulation was carried out. The results show that there was no crack between the hole and the pin in deformation zone of rectangular billet by horizontal V – shaped anvil forging method, therefore, the authors think that there no transverse tensile stress in deformation zone of billet in the forging process of horizontal V – shaped anvil.
Experimental Research of Al2O3 Micro-Particles Production by Supercritical Hydrolysis
Authors: Zhang Yan Jie , Wang Xue Yong , Yang Yan Fang
Published: December 2012

Because of the excellent specialties of intensity, rigidity, heat-durability, corrosion proof and wide uses in many fields, Al2O3 has a promising future. Supercritical hydrolysis is a new method to produce Al2O3 micro-particles whose average diameter is 537nm. The resulting samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Particle-size Analyzer. Its product is the high purity α-Al2O3 which is characterized by the features of the small particle size, the well developed dispersion, and the fine concentricity. The influences of process parameters, including pressure, temperature，total flux and ratio of branch flux, on particle size were investigated at the same time. The results indicated that the particle size has a significant increasing trend with an increase in the pressure and temperature; however, it decreased with an increase in the total flux, while it decreased slightly with an increase in the ratio of branch flux.
FEM Simulation on Extrusion of Magnesium Alloys
Authors: Chen Guo Ping , Deng Jun , Zhu Shui Wen
Published: December 2012

Extrusion of magnesium billets is associated with large deformations, high strain rates and high temperatures, which results in computationally challenging problems in process simulation. A simulation was carried out using the finite element software ABAQUS. The computed model was rotational symmetric and built up by meshing. Computed parameters including material characteristics and process conditions (billet temperature. reduction ratio, and ram speed) were taken into consideration. The distributions of temperature were different comparing the transient-state extrusion with the steady-state extrusion. The extrusion simulation was the reliable predictions of strain rate, effective strains, effective stresses and metal flow velocity in an AZ31 billet during direct extrusion.
Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of 2-(2-Nitroethenly)thiophene from 2-Thiophenecarboxaldehyde and Nitromethane
Authors: Xing Jun De , Liu Zhi , Zhang Zhao Yu , Jia Xiao Fei
Published: December 2012

2-(2-Nitroethenly)thiophene can be obtained from 2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde and nitromethane under Knoevenagel condensation conditions. We used beta-alanine as a catalyst and microwave irradiation as the energy source. Different reaction condition, such as beta-alanine consumption and reaction time were studied. The results indicate that the application of microwave irradiation increases the yield of desired compound. beta-Alanine-catalyzed activation of 2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde provides an efficient access to 2-(2-nitroethenly)thiophene with reusability of the catalyst.
Research on Machining Accuracy in Milling Ti6Al4V Thin-Walled Component with Paraffin Reinforcement
Authors: Gao Biao , Sun Jie , Li Jian Feng
Published: December 2012

According to the technical problems such as low stiffness vibration and dimension error in milling Ti6Al4V thin-walled component, the manufacturing with paraffin reinforcement is studied. Firstly, paraffin formula for milling thin-walled component is researched. Secondly, applying the finite element method (FEM) to predict the deformation of machining with paraffin reinforcement and the corresponding milling experiments is done to check the the validity of the model. Finally, the influences of machining accuracy about different paraffin formulas for the same component are obtained. This study supplies support for the research of paraffin formula which are based on reducing the distortion of workpiece.
The Analysis of the Influence of Perforating Parameters on the Strength Security of Perforation String
Authors: Xu Fei , Li Ming Fei , Dou Yi Hua , Zhang Fu Xiang , Yang Xiang Tong
Published: December 2012

Perforating parameters, such as charge density, charge quantity and shooting density, are the important factors that affect the strength security of perforation string. Finding out the relationship between this two and understanding the regularity has the guiding significance to avoid the perforating accidents. Based on the research about the strength security of perforation string at the moment of perforating, taking a perforated completion gas well as an example, by changing the perforating parameters and conducting the contrastive analysis and research, then gets the regularity understanding about the influence of the perforating parameters on the strength security of perforation string:When the charge density is more than 1.9g/m3, the amplification of peak pressure will slow down ,and the influence of charge density will decrease; When the charge quantity is more than 40 gram, the amplification of the peak pressure on the packer and the peak stress of tubing will slow down ,and the influence of charge quantity will decrease; When the shooting density is more than 20 hole/m, the amplification of peak will slow down, and the influence of shooting density will decrease.
Ignition Temperature and Stable Combustion Temperature of the In Situ Combustion Process
Authors: Qu Da Zi , Liu Yong Jian , Xu Ke Ming , Dong Long , Liu Wei Wei
Published: December 2012

The paper focuses on the high-temperature oxidation of a crude oil in a forward in-situ combustion process. The reaction conforms to Arrhenius prescription. Based on Semenov’s definition of ignition, equations for calculating the ignition temperature and stable combustion temperature are derived from the heat balance of the high-temperature oxidation. With previous experimental data, an average empirical parameter of the equations is calculated and two predictive equations are got. It’s concluded from the equations that these two temperatures of the reaction are only dependent on crude properties, and other factors in the reservoir have little influence on them.
Copper-Based Mixed Oxides Catalyst of Water-Gas Shift Reaction for Fuel Cells: The Role of Alkali Charge
Authors: Zhi Ke Duan , Liu Quan Sheng , He Run Xia , Wu Fang , Zhang Ya Gang , Yang Li
Published: December 2012

The effects of alkali charge on the activity and stability of copper-based mixed oxides catalyst for the water-gas shift reaction (WGSR) were investigated. Activity tests showed that the copper-based mixed oxides catalyst while the 2[NaOH]/[Cu2++Mn2+] is above 1.2 displayed higher activity and better stability than that of others catalysts. The BET , XRD and TPR results revealed that the Cu-Mn catalyst while the 2[NaOH]/[Cu2++Mn2+] is above 1.2 led to higher surface area, a more stable catalyst structure and suitable reduction performance, in turn leading to better catalytic behavior for the Cu-Mn catalyst.
Preparation of Aluminum Composite Ceramic Membrane by Inorganic Precursor Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Liu Shu Heng , Guo Lin Lin , Wang Qian Ping
Published: December 2012

Al2O3-SiO2-ZrO2 composite sol was prepared with aluminum nitrate, zirconium oxy-chloride, etc as precursors, by which Al2O3-SiO2-ZrO2 composite ceramic microfiltration membrane was achieved. Stable boehmite sol can be obtained by adding Al(NO3)3 into ammonia but not the reverse. The stability of the composite sol depends on the ratio of Si/Zr. The aperture of the composite membrane can be micron level. It has good effect on sewage treatment.
Enhancement of Explosion Energy and Mechanical Strength of Energetic Material by Aluminum Fibre
Authors: Liao Xue Yan , Shi Fu Qiang , Shen Zhao Wu , Jiang Yao Gang , Gong Zhi Gang
Published: December 2012

In order to enforce explosion energy and mechanical strength of energetic material. we use physics and chemistry property of aluminum fire to improve the performance of energetic material. Before explosion the physics property of mechanical property can reinforce the mechanical strength; when explosion the reaction heat of aluminum can increase the energy of explosive. The air blast experimental results indicated that Al fibre can increase the energy of energetic material.. And the same time mechanical strength experimental results indicated that aluminum can enhance the strength of energetic material.
Wear Analysis of Silicon Nitride (Si3N4) Cutting Tool in Dry Machining of T6061 Aluminium Alloy
Authors: Ariff Tasnim Firdaus , Shafie Nurul Syamira , Zahir Zamzahariah Mahamad
Published: December 2012

Dry machining is an eco-friendly machining process and its importance in the manufacturing industries should be taken seriously. Machining without the use of any cutting fluid is becoming increasingly more popular due to concerns regarding the safety of the environment and reducing cost. Dry and wet turning of T6061 aluminium alloy was performed on a lathe by using Silicon Nitride (Si3N4) inserts as the cutting tool. Tool wear behaviour of Si3N4 cutting tool were studied with the aim of finding the optimum cutting conditions for both dry and wet machining. Machining was performed at four different cutting speeds; 292, 388, 518 and 689 m/min using two different cutting parameters (feed rate, f = 0.2 mm/rev, depth of cut, d = 0.1 mm and f = 0.4 mm/rev, d = 0.2 mm). Material removal rate (MRR) was also obtained and the temperature at the tool-chip interface were measured using an infrared (IR) thermometer as to see the effect of temperature rise during machining. Dry machining with smaller cutting parameters resulted in lower wear rates by 37 to 48% for all four cutting speeds. Nevertheless, reduction of wear rate by 38 to 57% was found from wet machining. The optimum cutting speed for both dry and wet machining of T6061 aluminium alloy using Si3N4 cutting tool was found to be 518 m/min for both cutting parameters. However, the optimum cutting parameters are apparently with the feed rate of 0.4 mm/rev and depth of cut of 0.2 mm. At the optimum cutting speed, the tool tip temperature for dry machining was higher than wet machining by 40 and 51% for f = 0.2 mm/rev and f = 0.4 mm/rev respectively. Dry machining of T6061 Aluminium alloy can be more suitable particularly at higher cutting speed with interrupted cutting operations.
Preparation of PCL/PVP/Ag Nanofiber Membranes by Electrospinning Method
Authors: Jia Yong Tang , Wu Cui , Dong Feng Chun , Huang Gang , Zeng Xian Hua
Published: December 2012

The composite nanofiber membranes of poly (ε-caprolactone)/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PCL/PVP) containing silver nanoparticles were prepared by electrospinning method. The morphology of composite nanofibers was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The silver nanoparticles on the electrospun fibers were characterized by X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The contact angle and water uptake of PCL/PVP/Ag nanofiber membranes were measured. The SEM photos indicated that the average diameter of the fibers was significantly decreased with the addition of silver nanoparticles. The X-Ray images showed that Ag nanoparticles were distributed on the surface of nanofiber membranes. When the PVP mole ratio was higher than 15%, the nanofiber membranes showed good hydrophilic property. The PCL/PVP/Ag nanofiber membranes could be applied to prepare wound dressing.
Interpretation of the Early Hydration Procedure of Standard Cement Materials by Electrodeless Resistivity Method
Authors: Liu Yu Tai , Xing Feng , Dong Bi Qin
Published: December 2012

In this paper, the early hydration procedure of standard cement materials is tested and analysized with electrodeless resistivity method. The experimental results show that for standard cement material, the early hydration procedure can be divided into 4 stages: dissolution period, setting period, acceleration period and deceleration period, respectively. Moreover, the characteristic point according the experimental data can be defined to determined stage in the hydration procedure, and be related with the key parameters for cement materials in hydration procedure, such as water/cement ratio. The electrodeless resistivity method can be used to predict the hydration behavior, especially early hydration behavior of cement as a new measurement technology.
Application of Magnesia-Phosphate Cement for Chromia/Alumina Castables
Authors: Zhao Jing Ming , Hwang Kyu Hong , Lee Jong Kook , Kim Min Cheal
Published: December 2012

Refractory castables containing calcium aluminate cement (CAC) are widely used in a range of furnace lining applications in the iron and steel, cement, glass, ceramic, and petrochemical industries. However, magnesia-phosphate cement (MPC) based material could be a new types of cement material, with many advantages such as rapid hydration, high early strength and circumstance suitability, which has very important value and wide application. In this study, MPC was used at Chromia/Alumina castable as binder addition instead of conventional calcium aluminate cement. Meanwhile, it also explains the relationship between the micro-mechanism and performance by micro methods such as SEM. The results shows that MPC based castables have good corrosion resistance, interface adhesiveness and abrasion resistance.
Seismic Vulnerability of Existing RC Buildings and Influence of the Decoupling of the Effective Masonry Panels from the Structural Frames
Authors: de Angelis Fabio , Cancellara Donato
Published: December 2012

In the present work we discuss on the seismic vulnerability of reinforced concrete existing buildings. In particular we consider a reinforced concrete building originally designed for only gravitational loads and located in a zone recently defined at seismic risk. According to the Italian seismic code NTC 2008 a displacement based approach is adopted and the N2-method is considered for the nonlinear seismic analysis. In the analysis all the masonry infill panels in effective interaction with the structural frame are considered for the nonlinear modeling of the structure. The influence of the effective masonry infills on the seismic response of the structure is analyzed and it is discussed how the effect of the masonry infills irregularly located within the building can give rise to a worsening of the seismic performance of the structure. It is shown that in the present case a not uniform positioning of the masonry infills within the building can give rise to a fragile structural behavior in the collapse mechanism. Furthermore a comparative analysis is performed by considering both the structure with the effective masonry infills and the bare structural frame. For these two structures a pushover analysis is performed, the relative capacity curves are derived and it is shown that fragile collapse mechanisms can occur depending on the irregular positioning of the effective masonry infills. Accordingly it is discussed how in the present case a decoupling of the effective masonry infills from the structural frame can give rise to a smoother response of the capacity curves. For the examined case of an obsolete building with irregular positioning of the masonry panels, the choice of decoupling the effective masonry panels from the structural frame may facilitate the retrofitting strategies for the achievement of the proper safety factors at the examined limit states.
Analysis of Waterproof Bonding Layer in Permeable Asphalt Pavement
Authors: Tian Xiao Ge , Liu Ying
Published: December 2012

Waterproof bonding layer is an important component for permeable asphalt pavement. BISAR was used to analysis the interfacial stress under different conditions, and the rules of the tensile zone, the maximal tensile stress, the maximal interfacial shear stress and the corresponding point were obtained, which should be considered in selecting the WBL materials.
Continuous Belt Mucking Technology of China Railway Tunnel Construction
Authors: Sun Ya Ting , Mei Zhi Rong , Zhang Jun Wei
Published: December 2012

The conventional mucking system of tunnel construction in China has a series of deficiencies and stubborn problems. Tunnel mucking technologies matched with different tunnel construction methods have been analyzed systematically and the continuous belt mucking methodology which is appropriated with drilling-blasting method was presented. The continuous belt mucking technology includes mucking scheme design and mucking equipment configuration. Compared with the conventional mucking methods, the comprehensive benefit can be fully demonstrated by the new continuous belt mucking system. On the other hand, the predominance on environmental protection of the continuous belt mucking technoloty matches up with the conservation policy. The technology would be widely applied in long tunnels and tunnels embedded in frozen ground and located in bitter cold plateau. The economic benifis and contribution to society of continuous belt mucking technology would be remarkable.
An Experimental Investigation of the Dynamic Mechanical Behaviors of Hollow Spheres Filled Syntactic Foam
Authors: Yu Ming , Zhu Ping
Published: December 2012

Dynamic mechanical behaviors are critical to the engineering applications of hollow spheres filled syntactic foams. The potential of such composites cannot be fully realized unless the effects of strain rate on their mechanical properties are fully understood. In this study, both the compressive and the tensile behaviors of an epoxy syntactic foam filled by ceramic microspheres were experimentally investigated over the strain rate range from 0.001 to 2000 s-1. The compressive and tensile tests at high strain rates were carried out by means of split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) and split Hopkinson tensile bar (SHTB), respectively. The stress-strain responses and failure mechanisms were examined quantitatively and qualitatively. The experimental results indicate that both the compressive and the tensile behaviors of syntactic foam are highly sensitive to strain rate. Moreover, a comparison of the stress-strain curves suggests that the compressive and tensile behaviors are dominated by different failure mechanisms, which consequently lead to distinct effects of strain rate on the compressive and tensile behaviors of syntactic foam.
Influential Factors and Structural Reliability
Authors: Abu Eusuf Muhammad , Al Hasan Abdullah
Published: December 2012

This study focuses on the influential factors that enhance the reliability and versatility of structure throughout the life span. The factors are considered on the basis of the need for assessment of state of –art- structural analysis and design. Through investigation the researcher found that there are two most influential factors are repeatedly influencing the life of structure. The two factors are structural elements and loading patterns. Structural elements are identified on the basis of structure height, span, bays, percentage of shear wall, ratio of structural and non- structural panels to total number of panels and type of frame. The loading pattern investigated on the serviceability limit of structural components.
FEM Analysis on a New Type of Anti-Tension Device
Authors: Shen Chao Yong , Huang Xiang Yun , Zhou Min Hui
Published: December 2012

A new type of anti-tension device was put forward. One specimen on three utlimate working conditions was analyzed by FEM. The research results showed that there was large eccentricity between the upper steel frame and the lower steel frame in the horizontal plane, the maximum bearing capacity of the device would decrease to some extent, especially in two direction eccentricity condition. In the Sap2000 program, the characteristic of the device met with that of Hook element, some parameters of the model had been identified. Hook element could model this device when it was on the elastic stage.
Test and FEM Analysis on a New Type of Anti-Wind Device
Authors: Shen Chao Yong , Ma Yu Hong , Zhou Min Hui
Published: December 2012

A new type of anti-wind device was put forward. 1/4 scale model about it had been tested and analyzed by FEM. Comparison of FEM, design calculation results with test results also had been done.Test and FEM results show the intermediate section will be the most weakness part, no matter that it is on the condition of in-plane load or out-plane load. During the stage of anti-wind design, it is safe for the FEM, design calculation results in which the standard strength of material is used, but at the stage of seismic design, the ultimate strength of anti-wind device should be considered in order to assure the anti-wind device to damage while earthquake happens.
The Preparation of CaZrO3 Coating Ultra-Fine Nickel Powders via Chemical Deposition
Authors: Xu Rui , Zheng Jin , Fan Cui , Gao Yuan Yuan
Published: December 2012

Aiming at flexible oxidation in the MLCC production, the surface modification of the ultrafine nickel powders has been carried out to coat Ni powders with CaZrO3 by using chemical precipitation method. CaZrO3-coated composite ultrafine nickel powders have been synthesized in methanol-water solvent by both precipitation agents solution and zirconium-calcium solution dripped into the Ni-particle-dispersed methanol solution at the meantime. Composite nickel powders obtained under the optimum conditions were characterized, It was approved that those composite nickel powders still possessed good dispersion, the resistance to oxidation and shrinkage were improved greatly.
Shear Wall Construction in Buildings: A Conceptual Framework on the Aspect of Analysis and Design
Authors: Eusuf Muhammad Abu , Rashid Khairuddin Abdur , Noor Wira Mohd. , Al Hasan Abdullah
Published: December 2012

This study describes the analysis and design process of shear wall construction, which is applied in various types of building construction. Shear walls resist lateral forces viz. earthquake force and wind force for high-rise structure and gravity load for all type of structure. Besides, Buildings with cast-in-situ reinforced concrete shear walls are widely used in earthquake-prone area and regions in the world. Research methods were confined to library research and employed software for analysis. The analytical accuracy of complex shear wall system have always been of concern to the civil and structural Engineering system. The software of this system is performed on the platform of modelling and then, the system models are usually idealized as line elements instead of continuum elements. Single walls are modelled as cantilevers and walls with openings are modelled as pier/ spandrel systems. In order to find the stiffness, the simple systems models can provide reasonable results. It has always been accepted that a scale based model in the FEM is exact and justifiable.
Constitutive Behavior of Salt Rock Coupled of Creep Deformation and Damage Development
Authors: Ren Zhong Jun
Published: December 2012

Making use of internal variables and a proper generalized time scale to describe the irreversible deformation history of salt rock, a constitutive model coupled of creep deformation and damage development of salt rock is formulated. A creep correlated function is defined to describe the effect of loading time on creep deformation of salt rock, and a fourth order damage tensor is introduced to formulate the anisotropic development of material damage. The creep experiments of salt rock under triaxial compression are simulated by the proposed constitutive model. The good agreement between the calculated and experimental results shows the proposed constitutive model can well describe the creep behavior of salt rock.
Elastic Seismic Response of Steel-Concrete Composite Frames with Partial Interaction
Authors: Duan Jin Xi , Shen Z.
Published: December 2012

The finite element formulations of steel-concrete composite (SCC) beams considering interlayer slip with end shear restraint is established. Elastic seismic response of SCC frame structures under different shear connection stiffness and slip boundary conditions are examined. The influences of the shear connection stiffness and the slip boundary condition on elastic seismic response are analyzed. With the shear connection stiffness increasing, the free vibration frequencies increase and the seismic responses decrease. The natural vibration properties of SCC frame structures and seismic responses are also significantly affected by the slip boundary condition, and it should be properly imposed on all composite beams in seismic response analysis.
Fractured Reservoir Blocking Dosage Calculation Method
Authors: Wang Shuo Liang , Liao Yang Ming , Xie Huang Chang
Published: December 2012

Fractured reservoir development process are often faced with the angle wells flooded serious and side wells don’t get the effect of water injection. In order to increase the water flooding sweep efficiency. Profile control plugging is a measure that is frequently used. Traditional plugging program design does not take into account the fluid loss, Program design of the blocking agent dosage is always small, the result is not satisfactory. In this paper, the classic percolation theory is used, seepage equation of the fracture system and matrix system is established, the blocking agent Filtrate analytical solution that considers the different reservoir properties and different blocking agent performance is obtained, that can be used to guide the design of profile control water plugging program and can calculate the best blocking agent dosage. Through the actual implementation of the effect, the proposed method can be more substantial increase in the effect of plugging.
Experimental Study on Capability of EPS Beads-Mixed Lightweight Soil
Authors: Qi Su , Liu Shu Hao , Zhang Ye , Xu Guang Li
Published: December 2012

At present, system research on performance of the physics, deformation, strength and other properties of light mixed soil already exists in China, but the study on permeability is just in the initial stage and the system study on permeability of EPS beads-mixed lightweight soil is lack of, therefore, it is necessary to study the permeability of EPS beads-mixed lightweight soil. This article draw some reliable conclusions which include the permeability of EPS beads-mixed lightweight soil decreases with the increasing of curing age and cement ratio, and decreasing of EPS beads ratio and particle size and the cement ratio has quadratic polynomial function relationship when EPS beads ratio has linear relationship, by analyzing the effects of curing age, cement ratio, EPS beads ratio and particle size. The paper proposes multiple linear regression equation, considering the relationship of lightweight soil permeability between EPS particles and cement ratio. These will do good to the application of the practice engineering.
Influence of Si3N4 Addition on the Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Unfired A12O3-C Slide Plate
Authors: Ai Li , Wei Jun Cong , Ji Xiu Mei , Tu Jun Bo
Published: December 2012

The effects of Si3N4 addition on the room temperature physical properties and hot modulus of rupture(HMOR) of unfired A12O3-C slide plate were investigated by using tabular corundum and reactive alumina as starting materials, aluminium powder and silicon powder as antioxidation agents, phenolic resin as binder. The phase composition and microstructure was characterized by X-Ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and EDAX. The results showed that with addition of Si3N4, the compactness of A12O3-C slide plate decreased, the room temperature strength deduced. Due to formed cylindrical sialon as a binder phase, the hot modulus of rupture increased.
Effect of Admixtures Rich in Aluminium on Expansion due to Alkali-Silica Reaction
Authors: Feng Xiao Xin , Jia Yuan , Hu Chen Guang
Published: December 2012

The effects of Al2O3 and Al(OH)3 on expansion due to alkali-silica reaction (ASR) were tested by using Accelerated Mortar Bar Test and through prolonging the curing age, and the ffect was compared with silicon fume and fly ash. The results show that ASR can be inhibited effectively by proper content of silicious admixtures within 14 days, but can not in long term, while it can be inhibited by proper content of Al2O3 and Al(OH)3 not only within 14 days but also in long term. The composite of silicious admixtures and aluminous admixtures has synergetic effect on inhibiting ASR, and there exists a value of Al2O3/SiO2 with which ASR is suppressed best. For the composite, ASR is suppressed mainly by silicious admixtures in early age and mainly by aluminous admixtures in long term.
Application Performance of Aminosulphonic Acid-Based Superplasticizer
Authors: He Feng Wei , Lui Tong , Zhang Ya Qin
Published: December 2012

The effects of aminosulphonic acid-based Superplasticizer(ASP)on the fluidity of cement paste and harden perfomance and mechanical performance of fresh concrete are studied.The water reducing rate, adaptation to cements and compatibility with naphthalene-based water reducer of ASP are tested. Teating results indicated that in comparison with naphthalene-based water reducer, ASP has the characteristics of low cost, highly effective water reducing ability and the ability restraining slump loss, and also has excellent adaptation to cements and good compatibility with naphthalene-based water reducer.
Performance and Microstructure of TiN/Cu EDM Electrodes
Authors: Zhang Jing Jing , Jiang Kai Yong , Yan Jie , Wang Fei , Wang Xiao Wei
Published: December 2012

This paper is to explore the feasibility of TiN/Cu-based composite materials as electrical discharge machining (EDM) electrodes.The tool wear ratio (TWR) of EDM electrode directly reflects the machining precision. To reduce the tool wear ratio(TWR) of Cu electrode in the EDM processing, Inorganic mixture of different content of ceramic materials TiN powder and Cu powder are prepared , then pressed and sintered into EDM electrodes.Experimental results show that: in the six batchs of experiments, the tool wear ratio (TWR) of 35%TiN/Cu electrode is the least, which is about 4.98%, much less than that of commercial copper electrode . The microstructures of the TiN/Cu electrodes after electrical discharge machining (EDM) as well are analyzed in this paper.
Discussion on Anchor Structures’ Deterioration Analysis Parameter Caused by Reinforcement Corrosion under Erosion Environment Condition
Authors: Ding Wan Tao , Liu Jin Hui , Li Shu Cai
Published: December 2012

Because of long-term chloride erosion and alternate drying-wetting effect, anchorage support structure of underground engineering is liable to reinforced corrosion and its strength is decreased. According to previous research theory and test results, reinforced corrosion to deteriorate load-bearing role of anchorage support structure system is studied by means of numerical analysis FLAC3D and idea of finite element strength reduction. The results are as follows: (1) losses in the anchor structural performance in underground engineering with corroded reinforcements are caused by three factors: losses in the effective cross-sectional area of anchoring body, losses in the mechanical performance of reinforcing bars and losses in the bond performance of anchoring body. (2) Based on reinforcement mechanical model in FLAC3D, deterioration of mechanical performance of anchor structures caused in underground engineering was analyzed due to reinforcement corrosion. And according to idea of finite element strength reduction and results of laboratory test, deterioration analysis parameter caused by corrosion can be reduced accordingly. The research results can provide the theory support to analyze corrosion deterioration of anchor structure in underground engineering using numerical simulation.
Research on the Model Reconstruction and Rapid Prototyping of Lumbar
Authors: Cheng Xue Jin , Zhu Yu Fu , Xu Pei , Li Sen Lin
Published: December 2012

Apply the rapid prototyping in the 3D reconstruction of solid model of lumbar. By separating the original CT image data according to threshold value, filling and repairing the hole and generated the STL file of lumbar, using Geomagic and UG NX software to complete the model of intervertebral disc and assembly of lumbar. Finally, the model was manufactured through FDM Vantage i rapid prototyping machine.
A New Design Method with CAD Software for Fruit Packaging Machinery
Authors: Duan Hua Wei , Li Xiao Dong , Gong Xiu Duan
Published: December 2012

Based on equations of gas diffusion equilibrium, a new design method, along with a CAD software package, was developed to improve the efficiency of fruit packaging design. Take guava fruit as a case study, the method we developed was used to calculate unknown pack parameters and simulate the dynamic change of in-pack gas concentrations. When the ratio of headspace and fruit volume was 2.5:1, it expended about 200 h before the equilibrium gas exchange was created. However, in the case of 0.3:1 ratio, it needed only 30 h to obtain the equilibrium state. Simulation results are useful for achieving high quality of package design, especially in the case of long transport distance or long-time storage.
UG-CAM Point Processing with NC Machining Simulation Software of Integrated Application
Authors: Xie Fan , Liu Ying , Liu Zhan Dong , Sharifa Mgambo
Published: December 2012

As the world-famous, powerful and the most representative CAM software technology, UG has the most abundant processing strategy of the NC processing, design, programming software. Taking a general hole CNC processing technology as an example, UG programming operation skills and programming operation process are discussed, processing function of the point-to-point operation is used to complete general hole processing. Through UG – CAM, NC machining program is generated into simulation system for processing simulation, and eventually NC simulation processing and NC program are generated.
Optimization Design of Towbarless Aircraft Tractor Frame Based on ANSYS Workbench
Authors: Wang Li Wen , Wang Qiang , Zhang Wei
Published: December 2012

The 3-D frame model of towbarless aircraft tractor was established with the UG software, and then transferred into ANSYS Workbench to conduct the finite element static analysis to check the bending strength of the frame on maximum load working conditions. Using topology optimization module, original design of frame was optimized in accordance with the calculation result. It shows that the strength of optimized frame meet the design requirements, while the weight of optimized frame is reduced by 8%.