bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kitseha: mídia indígena e eleições presidenciais de 2018 no Alto Xingu
Authors: Pedro Thomaz Marcondes , Carvalho Veronica Monachini de
Published: January 2023

O artigo analisa o processo de produção e circulação do videoclipe da música Kitseha, uma criação coletiva entre os autores do artigo e um grupo de jovens Kalapalo realizada na aldeia Aiha do povo Kalapalo (Território Indígena do Xingu, MT - Brasil). O vídeo foi feito como parte de uma estratégia para os Kalapalo se posicionarem durante as eleições presidenciais de 2018. Ao exibir o vídeo para a comunidade, um conflito geracional se instaurou. No entanto, o contexto eleitoral, o encontro com diferentes alteridades, a capacidade reflexiva das mídias indígenas e aspectos sociocosmológicos operaram para que a comunidade decidisse divulgar o vídeo. Partimos da hipótese de que esse processo, impulsionado pela capacidade de assimilação de diferenças dos povos ameríndios, fez com que elementos não indígenas passassem a transitar nas bordas da categoria nativa tradicional, atualizando a forma como os Kalapalo se representam.
O desenfeitiçamento em Bocage sem distrações conceituais
Authors: Favret-Saada Jeanne , Vieira Suzane de Alencar
Published: January 2023

Gostaria, portanto, de compartilhar com vocês minha experiência - uma etnografia praticada em meu próprio país - para questionar noções que vocês comumente usam, como "cultura" ou "tradição", ou para examinar a questão dos "marcadores simbólicos" da função de desenfeitiçador, que, segundo a teoria antropológica, seriam indispensáveis. Este exercício nos levará a realizar o trabalho comparativo que vocês esperam de mim e a questionar as posições a partir das quais falamos dos outros como antropólogos. Termino com a noção de "crença", termo que, de minha parte, bani do meu vocabulário porque evoca a adesão dos outros a certas ontologias, deixando na sombra aquilo a que nós mesmos aderimos como, por exemplo, uma concepção particular de ser humano. Examinarei a forma como são apresentados em minha etnografia em Bocage, em primeiro lugar, o conceito de tradição em sua relação com o conceito de território; em seguida, a suposta necessidade de "marcadores simbólicos" para a função do desenfeitiçador; e, por fim, o conceito de cultura, que nos fará reconsiderar o uso da noção de crença na antropologia e talvez na medicina.
Ações Afirmativas e Políticas Reparatórias: Avanços e Desafios
Authors: Dias Luciana de Oliveira
Published: January 2023

Ao apresentar as políticas de ações afirmativas e a atuação da Comissão de Heteroidentificação na Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), buscamos alcançar neste ensaio algumas reflexões críticas sobre o racismo estrutural e institucional que lança mão de dispositivos de racialidade para assegurar privilégios de raça no acesso à universidade e na sociedade como um todo. Ainda que possam ser identificados avanços consideráveis na aplicação das políticas reparatórias nas universidades, os desafios postos ainda são grandes devido à capacidade de atualização e de sofisticação do racismo à brasileira.
Avanços e desafios do primeiro quinquênio das Ações Afirmativas do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Antropologia Social da Universidade de São Paulo
Authors: Amparo Amanda Gabriela Jesus , Oliveira Felipe Gabriel , Almeida Neto Joaquim Pereira de , Barbosa Marina Oliveira
Published: January 2023

O artigo apresenta um quadro das iniciativas realizadas no âmbito da política de ações afirmativas no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Antropologia Social da Universidade de São Paulo (PPGAS/USP) desde 2017. O texto retoma as principais ações institucionais e estudantis realizadas nos últimos 5 anos e apresenta, em maiores detalhes, os resultados obtidos pela 1ª Pesquisa CoPAF, um estudo sobre a forma como discentes e docentes têm encarado a política de ações afirmativas. Por fim, o artigo apresenta e discute avanços e alguns desafios que ainda precisam ser enfrentados para garantir a continuidade e o amadurecimento institucional e político das ações afirmativas do PPGAS/USP e a projeção de uma maior democratização da pós-graduação na instituição.
Complete Sudden Recanalization: There Is Hope Beyond the First Pass Effect
Authors: Requena Manuel , García‐Tornel Álvaro , Rodríguez Isabel , Olivé‐Gadea Marta , De Dios Marta , Rodrigo‐Gisbert Marc , Rivera Eila , Muchada Marian , Piñana Carlos , Boned Sandra , Gramegna Laura Ludovica , Rubiera Marta , Hernández David , Molina Carlos , Ribo Marc , Tomasello Alejandro
Published: January 2023

Background

In the endovascular treatment of stroke, achieving complete recanalization in a minimum number of attempts is the main procedural objective. We aimed to explore the effect of the per pass recanalization pattern in patients with final complete recanalization.

Methods

We analyzed all patients admitted in our center from 2014 to 2022 with a terminal internal carotid artery or M1‐middle cerebral artery occlusion who received endovascular treatment and achieved complete recanalization (expanded thrombolysis in cerebral infarction 2c–3) in our center. Complete sudden recanalization (cSR) was considered when expanded thrombolysis in cerebral infarction improved from 0–1 to 2c–3 in a single pass as opposed to complete progressive recanalization when partial recanalization (2a or 2b) was observed after interim passes.

Results

Among the 400 included patients with final complete recanalization, 301 (75%) showed a cSR pattern. There were no differences in baseline demographic characteristics between patients with cSR and complete progressive recanalization, including intravenous tissue plasminogen activator treatment (42.2% versus 44.4%;
P
=0.69). The rate of terminal carotid artery occlusion (28.6% versus 44.4%;
P
=0.003), median number of passes (1 [interquartile range 1—2] versus 2 [2–3];
P
<0.001), and time from puncture to recanalization (27 [interquartile range 18–43] versus 46 [34–66] minutes;
P
<0.001) were lower in cSR group. At 90 days cSR was an independent predictor of good functional outcome (57.8% versus 44.4%, adjusted odds ratio 1.72 [CI 95% 1.03–2.88];
P
=0.038). The rate of favorable outcome did not decrease with additional passes as long as cSR was observed (cSR after pass 1: 57.6%, after pass 2: 55.6%, after >2 passes: 63.6%;
P
=0.825).

Conclusion

Among stroke patients with a large vessel occlusion, the cSR pattern predicted favorable outcome independently of the number of thrombectomy passes.
Hotspots: On the Usefulness of a New Category
Authors: Petersen Anders Klostergaard
Published: January 2023

Does it make sense to introduce the notion of hotspot as a heuristically valuable category in the study of religion? In the first part of the article, I argue for the value of the notion by teasing the term apart into semiotic categories. Over and against the customary sacred–profane binary, which in my view does not represent a dichotomy but two opposite poles on a continuum, the hotspot model has the advantage of presenting itself in both temporal and spatial terms. Moreover, it includes the intermediary stages, signified by the distinction between lukewarm and lukecold locations and periods. Furthermore, I supplement this model with the Weberian typology of the different forms of authority needed in order to be able to differentiate between different types of hotspots. In the second part of the article, I try to demonstrate the value of the model by applying it to a variety of cases in the history of religions. Finally, I present reflections on the evolutionary origin of hotspots as a bridge between the two main parts holding that, to explain any phenomenon in the phenomenology of religion, it is urgent to find the evolutionary building blocks for it.
“Each of Our Springs Has Lost Its Miraculous Power”
Authors: Baunvig Katrine Frøkjær
Published: January 2023

This article seeks to apply Marianne Qvortrup Fibiger’s theoretical concept of a “religious hotspot” to the case of representations of the French Catholic shrine of Lourdes in Danish (Protestant or post-Protestant) public media from 1858 to 1914. While suggesting that hotspots could be seen as centers in wider interest spheres, I seek to demonstrate the push and pull effects of the hotspot of Lourdes, moving from the local level of the Pyrenees to the national level of France and, further, to the broader Catholic and freethinking-intellectual worlds before I finally arrive at relatively distant Denmark. Here, the development of the representations of Lourdes from 1858 to 1914 mirrors public representations of “the fantastic” and of religiosity as such in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Beginning with disdain, the Lourdes representations end in nostalgic fascination – in a longing for the enchanted hotspot no longer available (that is, no longer deemed plausible) in Denmark at the opening of the twentieth century. Further, this case helps evaluate the dynamics of exoticism that I propose to be an integral part of religious hotspots per se; in addition, it helps tweak out the commercial nature intrinsic to religious hotspots.
Performative Animism
Authors: Enstedt Daniel , Moberg Jessica
Published: January 2023

In this article we suggest a shift to a performative perspective on animism. After identifying problems with essentialism, agency, and the object/subject dichotomy in previous animism studies, we engage with posthumanist theorists and bring in perspectives from new materialism and ritual studies. From the perspectives we suggest, performative animism exists in a variety of contexts, which should be acknowledged even when studying “religion.” Performative animism also allows us to explore normative modern, technological, secular animism, which most take for granted and which is even at times naturalized. Finally, we suggest that the concept “performative animism” can be used as an analytical tool in religious studies and that it has potential to overcome the shortcomings of the concept “religion” itself.
Two new species of Hohenbuehelia (Pleurotaceae) from China
Authors: QI LIANGLIANG , GE YUPENG , LI LIYING , QIN YANCHUN , ZENG HUI , LANG NING , LI YU
Published: January 2023

Only two species of Hohenbuehelia, a globally distributed genus, are present in subtropical and tropical areas of China. Here, we describe and illustrate two additional subtropical species of Hohenbuehelia from Guangxi Province. Hohenbuehelia longzhousis can be differentiated from similar Hohenbuehelia species by its large size and its flesh- to pale-flesh-surfaced basidiomata, whereas H. cepistipes can be distinguished by its unique sturdy, thick stipe, an undulating to wavy margin of pileus. On the basis of morphology, the two species are distinct from all other species in the genus, which is a conclusion also strongly supported by the results of a phylogenetic analysis. Images of the original habitats and microstructures of the two new species are presented, and a revised taxonomic key for Chinese Hohenbuehelia is provided.
Tainia epiphytica sp. nov. (Orchidaceae), a new species from North East India
Authors: SARKAR SHUVADIP , AGRAWALA DINESH KUMAR , CHAKRABORTY SAYAK , MAITY DEBABRATA , ODYUO NRIPEMO
Published: January 2023

A new species of Tainia, Tainia epiphytica sp.nov. (Orchidaceae) is described and illustrated based on specimens from Mizoram and Nagaland, North-East India. Morphologically, the new species is similar to Tainia bicornis, Tainia dunnii and Tainia latifolia but differs in many attributes which are discussed here. An updated key for all the species of Tainia found in India is provided for easy identification.
A new Miconia (Melastomataceae) from Cusuco National Park, Honduras
Authors: ALMEDA FRANK , PACIFICO RICARDO
Published: January 2023

Miconia kellyana is described as a new species that is known only from a limited area of montane tropical forest in Cusuco National Park in northwestern Honduras. Line drawings, field photographs, a distribution map, a recommended conservation assessment, and a discussion of morphologically similar species are provided. This species can be recognized by its 5-plinerved leaves with secondary veins diverging from the midvein above the blade base, cauline internode indumentum consisting of simple spreading trichomes, stalked-stellate trichomes, and apically bifid trichomes 0.5–1 mm long, conspicuous external calyx teeth that exceed the calyx lobes in length and largely conceal them, hypanthia with yellowish mostly simple trichomes sparingly intermixed with apically bifid and stalked-stellate trichomes 1–1.5 mm long that completely conceal the surface at anthesis, and isometric and isomorphic stamens with a connective that is prolonged ventro-basally above the filament insertion into a bilobulate ventral appendage less than 0.25 mm long. The new species is compared with M. chinantlana, M. globulifera, and M. tixixensis. All of these related species occur only in adjacent areas of neighboring Guatemala and/or a few southern states of Mexico.
Ophiopogon sclerophyllus, a new species of Ophiopogon (Asparagaceae) from Guangxi, China
Authors: NONG DONG-XIN , LÜ HUI-ZHEN , HUANG XUE-YAN , HUANG BAO-YOU
Published: January 2023

Ophiopogon sclerophyllus is described and illustrated as a new species from northwestern Guangxi, China. The new species can be distinguished from other Ophiopogon species by its roots with fusiform or oblong tubercles near middle or tip, thickly leathery leaf blade, widely opening flowers with recurved perianth segments. The relationships among O. sclerophyllus, O. pseudotonkinensis and O. petraeus are shortly discussed.
A note on the identity of the spikenard (Nardostachys jatamansi, Caprifoliaceae) based on DNA sequence data
Authors: AGRAWAL ARPITA , DEVI MANISHA , DHIMAN KIRAN , DKHAR JEREMY
Published: January 2023

N/A
A Model for the Tropical Cyclone Wind Field Response to Idealized Landfall
Authors: Chen Jie , Chavas Daniel R.
Published: January 2023

The impacts of a tropical cyclone after landfall depend not only on storm intensity but also on the size and structure of the wind field. Hence, a simple predictive model for the wind field after landfall has significant potential value. This work tests existing theory for wind structure and size over the ocean against idealized axisymmetric landfall experiments in which the surface beneath a mature storm is instantaneously dried and roughened individually or simultaneously. Structure theory captures the response of the low-level wind field to different types of idealized landfalls, given the intensity and size response. Storm size, modeled to follow the ratio of simulated time-dependent storm intensity to the Coriolis parameter , can generally predict the transient response of the storm gale wind radii r34kt to inland surface forcings, particularly for at least moderate surface roughening regardless of the level of drying. Given knowledge of the intensity evolution, the above results combine to yield a theoretical model that can predict the full tangential wind field response to idealized landfalls.

Significance Statement

A theoretical model that can predict the time-dependent wind field structure of landfalling tropical cyclones (TCs) with a small number of physical, observable input parameters is essential for mitigating hazards and allocating public resources. This work provides a first-order prediction of storm size and structure after landfall, which can be combined with existing intensity predictions to form a simple model describing the inland wind field evolution. Results show its potential utility for modeling idealized inland TC wind fields.
The Impacts of Interannual Climate Variability on the Declining Trend in Terrestrial Water Storage over the Tigris–Euphrates River Basin
Authors: Chang Li-Ling , Niu Guo-Yue
Published: January 2023

The Tigris–Euphrates dryland river basin has experienced a declining trend in terrestrial water storage (TWS) from April 2002 to June 2017. Using satellite observations and a process-based land surface model, we find that climate variations and direct human interventions explain ∼61% (−0.57 mm month−1) and ∼39% (−0.36 mm month−1) of the negative trend, respectively. We further disaggregate the effects of climate variations and find that interannual climate variability contributes substantially (−0.27 mm month−1) to the negative TWS trend, slightly greater than the decadal climate change (−0.25 mm month−1). Interannual climate variability affects TWS mainly through the nonlinear relationship between monthly TWS dynamics and aridity. Slow recovery of TWS during short wetting periods does not compensate for rapid depletion of TWS through transpiration during prolonged drying periods. Despite enhanced water stress, the dryland ecosystems show slightly enhanced resilience to water stress through greater partitioning of evapotranspiration into transpiration and weak surface “greening” effects. However, the dryland ecosystems are vulnerable to drought impacts. The basin shows straining ecosystem functioning after experiencing a severe drought event. In addition, after the onset of the drought, the dryland ecosystem becomes more sensitive to variations in climate conditions.

Significance Statement

The purpose of the research is to better understand climate impacts on terrestrial water storage over dryland regions with declining water storage. In our study, we disaggregate three components of climate impacts, namely, decadal climate change, interannual variability, and intra-annual variability. We then use observational datasets and a process-based model to quantify their individual effects on water storage. We find that interannual variability is the most significant climatic contributor to the declining water storage, mainly caused by prolonged drought periods and corresponding quick drying rates due to plant transpiration. We also find that the dryland ecosystem is sensitive and vulnerable to severe drought events. This study is important because 1) it provides a framework to investigate climate impacts on water fluxes and storages, 2) it highlights the importance of vegetation dynamics on dryland hydrology, and 3) it emphasizes the negative impacts of extreme hydroclimatological events on ecosystem functioning.
Land–Atmosphere Feedbacks Weaken the Cooling Effect of Soil Organic Matter Property toward Deep Soil on the Eastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Sun Jing , Yang Kun , Lu Hui , Zhou Xu , Li Xin , Chen Yingying , Guo Weidong , Wright Jonathon S.
Published: January 2023

Soil organic matter (SOM) is enriched on the eastern Tibetan Plateau, but its effects on the hydrothermal state of the coupled land–atmosphere system remain unclear. This study comprehensively investigates these effects during summer from multiple perspectives based on regional climate modeling, land surface modeling, and observations. Using a regional climate model, we show that accounting for SOM effects lowers cold and wet biases in simulations of this region. SOM increases 2-m air temperature, decreases 2-m specific/relative humidity, and reduces precipitation in coupled simulations. Inclusion of SOM also warms the shallow soil while cooling the deep soil, which may help to preserve frozen soil in this region. This cooling effect is captured by both observations and offline land surface simulations, but it is overestimated in the offline simulations due to no feedback from the atmosphere compared to the coupled ones. Including SOM in coupled climate models could therefore not only imrove their representations of atmospheric energy and water cycles, but also help to simulate the past, present, and future evolution of frozen soil with increased confidence and reliability. Note that these findings are from one regional climate model and do not apply to wetlands.

Significance Statement

The eastern Tibetan Plateau is rich in soil organic matter (SOM), which increases the amount of water the soil can hold while decreasing the rate at which heat moves through it. Although SOM is expected to preserve frozen soil by insulating it from atmospheric warming, researchers have not yet tested the effects of coupled land–atmosphere interactions on this relationship. Using a regional climate model, we show that SOM typically warms and dries the near-surface air, warms the shallow soil, and cools the deep soil by modifying both soil properties and energy exchanges at the land–atmosphere interface. The results suggest that the cooling effect of SOM on deep soil is overestimated when atmospheric feedbacks are excluded.
Real-Time Flood Forecasting via Parameter Regionalization and Blending Nowcasts with NWP Forecasts over the Jiao River, China
Authors: Liu Li , Gu Haiting , Xu Yue-Ping , Zheng Chaohao , Zhou Peng
Published: January 2023

Supertyphoon rainstorms are apposite examples to evaluate the utility of multisource precipitation products in monitoring and forecasting short-duration heavy rainfall and the resulting intense floods. In this study, the record-breaking floods induced by Typhoon Lekima in Jiao River, China, were retrospectively forecasted. The Xinanjiang (XAJ) model was calibrated based on parameter regionalization derived from SOM+k-means clustering. Via XAJ, the performance of the currently prevailing atmosphere reanalysis (CLDASv2 and CMA-CMORP), quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) (IMERG-ER and PERSIANN-CCS), and quantitative precipitation forecasts (QPFs) (GRAPES_MESO, ECMWF, and GFS) in monitoring and forecasting Lekima rainfall and flood was comprehensively evaluated. A three-component blended ensemble was proposed, by blending QPE nowcasts with the weighted ensemble of QPFs through a transition of the regional GRAPES_MESO, and compared with two conventional two-component blending methods. The results indicated that the parameter regionalization enabled an explicit consideration of the spatial heterogeneity of basin attributes as well as meteorology, resulting in a minimum NSE of 0.81. CLDASv2 and CMA-CMORPH provided superior spatiotemporal accuracy with a structural similarity index up to 0.75 and NSE > 0.9 for the flood simulation. PERSIANN-CCS rainfall and the driven flood were seriously underestimated by 70% and 80%, respectively. The real-time application of QPFs during the Lekima flood provided encouraging results with a lead time of 40 h. The three-component blended ensemble method resulted in more stable and accurate flood forecasts, especially for the flood peak on 9 August, which was improved by 80%. Our results are expected to present support for real-time flood preparation and mitigation with practical significance.
Effect of carbon nanofibre orientation on fatigue properties of carbon fibre-reinforced polymers
Authors: Mrzljak Selim , Zanghellini Benjamin , Gerdes Lars , Helwing Ramon , Schuller Reinhard , Sinn Gerhard , Lichtenegger Helga , Walther Frank , Rennhofer Harald
Published: January 2023

Nano-reinforcements in carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) have proven to enhance the mechanical properties considering quasi-static, as well as fatigue load and, are a promising option with regard to CFRP performance optimisation. While general knowledge about the nanofiller content and its influence in CFRP is well documented, the use of alignment techniques for a specific orientation of the nano-reinforcements is still insufficiently studied. In this work, the influence of oriented carbon nanofibres (CNF) on the mechanical properties of bidirectional CFRP is investigated. CFRP was produced CNF-reinforced with and without orientation using a hot press, where an electric field was applied during curing. The laminates were characterised with respect to dispersion quality, pore volume, quasi-static properties (tensile and bending tests) and dynamic properties (fatigue tests). Electrical resistance measurement was applied together with digital image correlation and in situ computed tomography to generate knowledge about the fatigue-related damage evolution and evaluate the sensors for viable use of condition monitoring. Results show that the orientation of CNF has a significant impact on both quasi-static and fatigue properties, increasing the strength while reducing and slowing down the introduced damage. Orientation of nanofillers thus shows large optimization potential of mechanical properties of CFRP components.
Equity in Active and Shared Transportation: An Investigation of Barriers and Individual and Contextual Factors
Authors: Pan Meiyu (Melrose) , Ryan Alyssa
Published: January 2023

To achieve the goal of encouraging more people to use sustainable modes of transportation, thereby reducing carbon emissions, it is necessary to understand the equitable distribution of active and shared transportation among demographic groups. This study investigated which individual and contextual factors influence perceptions of barriers to public transit, micromobility, and carpool. A non-parametric method (extreme gradient boosting decision tree) was employed to accurately model these relationships and rank the importance of the factors. To enhance model interpretability, Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) was employed to explain the model outcome. Three metropolitan U.S. regions—Greater Los Angeles, Greater Houston, and Virginia and Washington D.C.—were selected as the application regions for this developed methodology. Based on the findings, it was found that people who drive for most of their trips are more inclined to perceive the reliability of public transit as unsatisfactory and have a lack of familiarity with micromobility. Women are more prone to perceive public transit as unsafe, uncomfortable, and inaccessible, and minority groups are least likely to be unsatisfied with public transit, suggesting that they might be more willing to endure inadequate transportation service. Thus, ensuring that these groups feel that they have the right and ability to speak up about their experience and concerns is critical. This research provides insights for transportation agencies to develop equitable improvement and communication strategies for active and shared transportation systems, which is imperative for the widespread adoption of sustainable modes for all people regardless of demographic characteristics.
Modeling and stability analysis of car-following behavior for connected vehicles by considering driver characteristic
Authors: Wang Wenjie , Ma Minghui , Liang Shidong , Xiao Jiacheng , Yuan Naitong
Published: January 2023

Research of car-following behavior is very important to alleviate traffic congestion and ensure traffic safety. To describe the car-following behavior of connected vehicles and restore the real driving environment, this paper presents an improved car-following model for connected vehicles by considering driver characteristic and speed information of multiple vehicles, which reflects the interaction between adjacent connected vehicles and the influence of driver characteristic on the stability of car-following. The linear stability analysis and nonlinear stability analysis prove that the improved model is effective and can promote the stability of traffic flow more than other models. In addition, the numerical simulations show that the new model performs better in eliminating disturbances than other models. Finally, the parameters of proposed model are calibrated based on NGSIM data. The results show that the new model performs well in car-following process, keeping a safe distance from the leader vehicle without sudden acceleration and deceleration. The new model also can predict the acceleration behavior of the leader vehicle after emergency brake. In summary, the model proposed in this paper can be used as active safety technology to prevent collision accidents, or as a user-defined function or model in the traffic simulation software, or as car-following strategy in driverless algorithms.
Effects and mechanism of pilot diesel injection strategies on combustion and emissions of natural gas engine
Authors: Binyang Wu , Puze Yang , Yinmi Luo , Zhi Jia
Published: January 2023

The research objectives of pilot diesel injection (PDI) ignition natural gas technology include high efficiency, clean combustion, and low pilot diesel mass. This study is based on a single-cylinder thermodynamic engine, combined with the CONVERGE simulation model and CHEMKIN chemical reaction kinetics model. The effects and mechanisms of various PDI strategies on the mixture equivalent ratio, temperature, and characteristics of combustion and emissions were investigated. The experimental results showed that the best PDI mass was 8 mg/cycle. The thermal atmosphere and activity in the cylinder were improved with an increase in PDI mass from 2 to 8 mg/cycle, which stabilized the mixture combustion. Further, the effects of different pilot injection timing (PIT) on combustion and emissions were investigated via experiments and simulation by controlling the operating conditions and maintaining a constant PDI total mass. The results show that the diesel had a single low-temperature reaction path when the PIT was close to the top dead center, whereas the PIT at the early stage of the compression stroke (CS) changed the chemical reaction path and accelerated the transformation of CH3 to CH2O, accumulating numerous active groups and accelerating the combustion rate, which is difficult to control the ignition phase. The reaction path of the double PDI strategy was similar to that of the PIT at the early CS stage, and its combustion is closed to premixed combustion; however, the accumulation of active groups was relatively small, and the combustion rate was relatively slow because the ignition phase was controlled by the second PDI, making the combustion phase easy to control. Finally, with the double PDI strategy that had the advantages of efficient combustion and avoidance of knock, the gross indicated thermal efficiency reached 49.3% that involved a −60°crank angle (CA) after top dead center (ATDC) first injection and −4°CA ATDC second injection.
Contactless Real-Time Heart Rate Predicts the Performance of Elite Athletes: Evidence From Tokyo 2020 Olympic Archery Competition
Authors: Lu Yunfeng , Zhong Songfa
Published: January 2023

It is widely recognized that psychological stress impairs performance for elite athletes, yet direct evidence is scarce when it comes to high-stakes competition because measuring real-time psychological stress without interference is often challenging. Contactless real-time heart rate—a technology-enabled biomarker of stress—was measured and broadcast on TV during the 2020 Tokyo Olympics archery competition for the first time in sports. Here we examined whether the real-time heart rate of 122 adult archers predicted their performance in this unique setting. We found that higher heart rate—which indicates an increase in psychological stress—is associated with lower scores, correlation coefficient r(2096) = −.076, p < .001, and the observation is robust after we controlled for fixed effects at the individual and match level. Our results provide the first direct evidence in support of the detrimental effect of psychological stress measured by a real-time biomarker in a high-stakes competitive setting.
Thymol co-administration abrogates hexachlorobenzene-induced reproductive toxicities in male rats
Authors: Tijani Abiola S , Farombi Ebenezer O , Olori David O
Published: January 2023

This present study was designed to investigate ameliorating potential of thymol (THY) on hexachlorobenzene (HBC)-induced epididymal and testicular toxicities in adult male rats. Forty adult male rats were orally treated by gavage daily for 28 consecutive days and divided into four groups; control group administered with corn oil, HBC-treated group (16 mg/kg b. wt), thymol-treated group (30 mg/kg b. wt), and HBC + THY-treated group. The results revealed that HBC exposure caused a significant decrease in the body weight change, organ weights, sperm functional parameters, serum testosterone level with widespread histological abnormalities. Furthermore, HBC-treated rats showed increased in the serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), epididymal and testicular myeloperoxidase activity, tumor necrosis-α, interleukin-1β level and caspase-3 activity, induced oxidative damage as evidenced by elevated malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (RONS) levels and significant reduction in antioxidant enzyme activities and reduced glutathione (GSH). However, co-treatment of THY with HBC alleviated the HBC-induced epididymal and testicular toxicities. Our findings revealed that HBC acts as a reproductive toxicant in rats and thymol could be a potential remedial agent for HBC-induced reproductive toxicity.
Newly Emerging Concepts in Blood Vessel Growth: Recent Discovery of Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Their Function in Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Tepper Oren M. , Sealove Brett A. , Murayama Toshinori , Asahara Takayuki
Published: January 2023

It has recently been established that bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are recruited to the systemic circulation and, in response to various cytokines, pharmacologic agents, and/or tissue ischemia, incorporate into sites of new blood vessel growth (neovascularization). These findings have changed our understanding of adult neovascularization by demonstrating that both preexisting endothelial cells and EPCs contribute to blood vessel formation during adult life. The following review article highlights the discovery of EPCs, their relationship to various clinical diseases, and their therapeutic potential for augmenting blood vessel formation.
Anemia prevalence time trends and disparities in the US population: examination of NHANES 1999–2020
Authors: Hwang Yunjoo , Ahuja Kripa R , Haque Syed M , Jones George F , Naseer Adan , Shechter Oren , Siddiqui Simrah , Qayyum Rehan
Published: January 2023

While a rising prevalence of anemia in the United States was reported in older studies, recent data are lacking. To estimate the prevalence and time trends of anemia in the United States and to examine how these estimates differ by gender, age, race, and household income to poverty threshold ratio (HIPR), we used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 1999 to 2020. The presence of anemia was determined using the World Health Organization criteria. Survey-weighted raw and adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) were determined using generalized linear models for the overall population and by gender, age, race, and HIPR. In addition, an interaction between gender and race was explored. Complete data on anemia, age, gender, and race were available on 87,554 participants (mean age = 34.6 years, women = 49.8%, Whites = 37.3%). Anemia prevalence increased from 4.03% during the 1999–2000 survey cycle to 6.49% during 2017–2020. In adjusted analyses, anemia prevalence was higher in >65 than in 26–45 years old (PR = 2.14, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.95, 2.35), in Blacks than Whites (PR = 3.97, 95% CI = 3.63, 4.35), in women than men (PR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.83, 2.13), and in those with HIPR ≤ 1 than >4 (PR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.61, 0.75). Gender modified the relationship between anemia and race; when compared to their male counterparts, Black, Hispanic, and other women had higher anemia prevalence than White women (all interaction p values <0.05). The anemia prevalence in the United States has risen from 1999 to 2020 and remains high among the elderly, minorities, and women. The difference in anemia prevalence between men and women is larger in non-Whites.
Listening with ‘Big Ears’: Accountability in cross-cultural music education research with Indigenous partners
Authors: Prest Anita
Published: January 2023

In this theoretical article, I examine various conceptions of focused listening—including those held by specific First Nations communities—to determine how each conception might offer insights for listening while conducting cross-cultural music education research. First, I discuss the notion of “Big Ears,” as it is understood by the jazz community. Then, I turn to scholars from various First Nations in British Columbia to learn about their conceptions of listening. I outline decolonial listening strategies as proposed by Indigenous Arts scholar Dylan Robinson, before learning about the role of listening from a settler-Canadian who formally Witnessed the testimonies of Indigenous residential school survivors over a period of years while working for the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. I examine the writings of music education researchers who have proposed listening as an important strategy in cross-cultural/intercultural pedagogy and research, albeit in different circumstances and for different reasons. Finally, I describe/reflect on my process of learning to listen cross-culturally as a settler-Canadian music education researcher engaged in community-based participatory research (CBPR) over the course of three studies, and list some of the ongoing questions I have. I conclude by proposing a revised understanding of Listening with “Big Ears” as one possible way for non-Indigenous researchers using a CBPR approach to enhance their application of Indigenist research methodology, especially in demonstrating their accountability to Indigenous co-researchers, participants, and communities, as they engage collaboratively in music education research.
“You just earned 10 points!”: Gaming and grinding in academia
Authors: Butler Nick , Spoelstra Sverre
Published: January 2023

This short paper explores the gamification of an online academic conference. At the conference, digital gamification was meant to stimulate increased levels of participation among attendees. Instead, it resulted in a series of unintended consequences. Precisely because it was all too easy to score points and ascend the virtual leaderboard by means of machine-like grinding, the “Conference Challenge” posed a moral dilemma for its players: each participant had to determine for themselves where the border lay between playing the game and gaming the system. We use this case to raise questions about the ethics of game-playing in an academic context. In particular, we suggest that the Conference Challenge is a distorted reflection of what’s already happening in the broader “publication game” in the university.
Providing visual analytics guidance through decision support
Authors: Han Wenkai , Schulz Hans-Jörg
Published: January 2023

Guidance in visual analytics aims to support users in accomplishing their analytical goals and generating insights. Different approaches for guidance are widely adopted in many tools and frameworks for various purposes – from helping to focus on relevant data subspaces to selecting suitable visualization techniques. With each of these different purposes come specific considerations on how to provide the needed guidance. In this paper, we propose a generic method for making these considerations by framing the guidance problem as a decision problem and applying decision making theory and models toward its solution. This method passes through three stages: (1) identifying decision points; (2) deriving and evaluating alternatives; (3) visualizing the resulting alternatives to support users in comparing them and making their choice. Our method is realized as a set of practical worksheets and illustrated by applying it to a use case of providing guidance among different clustering methods. Finally, we compare our method with existing guidance frameworks to relate and delineate the respective goals and contributions of each.
Relationship and Gender Equity Measurement Among Gender-Inclusive Young Women and Non-Binary Youth in British Columbia (RE-IMAGYN BC): Planning a Youth-Led, Community-Based, Qualitative Research Study
Authors: Closson Kalysha , Nemutambwe Tadiwa , Osborne Zoë , Lee Gem Y. , Hangle Colby , Stephenson Sadie , Magagula Patience , Leonce Ivan , Raj Anita , Nicholson Valerie , Kaida Angela
Published: January 2023

Gender-based power dynamics within intimate relationships such as controlling behaviours are driven by inequitable gender norms that perpetuate intimate partner violence (IPV). Yet, the ways in which we understand and measure gender-based power dynamics focus on the relationships of monogamous, cisgender, white, heterosexual women. This paper outlines our process of planning and implementing a qualitative, youth-led, community-based research (CBR) study exploring how diverse youth with intersecting identities perceive existing measures of gender equity and understand gender equity based on their own relationships. Between August-November 2022, we used purposive sampling to recruit 30 gender-inclusive young women and non-binary youth aged 17–29 with diverse identities, who live in British Columbia (BC), and have recent experience in a non-heterosexual and/or non-monogamous relationship (within prior 12 months). Using CBR methods, we hired and trained three Youth Research Associates (YRAs) and convened a 10-member Youth Advisory Committee (YAC) comprised of youth aged 19–28 years with queer, trans, and/or non-monogamous identities and experiences to consult on all aspects of our study. YRAs conducted cognitive interviews using an interview guide co-developed and piloted in partnership with the YAC and YRAs. Cognitive interviews explored youth perceptions of gender equity and two gender equity measures widely used in health research today. Interview data will be analyzed collaboratively using intersectional descriptive and thematic analysis. Results from our CBR study will be used to make recommendations to advance gender equity measurement to be more inclusive of and applicable to a diversity of youth relationships, experiences, and identities.
Limiting Misleading ideas about the History of Grounded Theory Methodology
Authors: Niasse Ndiaga
Published: January 2023

Since its inception in the sociological field more than fifty years, Grounded Theory Methodology (GTM) has been extended to a range of research areas but there still be confusions and misconceptions about its history and methodological principles. This paper attempts to provide a full theoretical overview of the history of GTM and allows limiting misconceptions about the methodology itself. Drawing upon social sciences perspectives, the paper begins by briefly shedding the light on two major related concepts: Grounded Theory (GT) and Grounded Theory Methodology (GTM). It continues by defining what GTM really means and outlines the reasons behind The Discovery of grounded theory and further focuses on the big split that gave birth to three schools of Grounded Theory Methodology: Glaserian, Straussian and Constructivist GTM.
Unpacking “the West”: Divergence and Asymmetry in Chinese Public Attitudes Towards Europe and the United States
Authors: Liu Adam Y. , Li Xiaojun , Fang Songying
Published: January 2023

Recent public opinion polls conducted in Europe and the United States show increasingly negative views of China. Does the Chinese public hold similar views of “the West”? Conducting a two-wave survey in China, we found great divergence and asymmetries in Chinese public perceptions. First, Chinese views of European countries and the US diverge sharply, despite these countries being typically grouped together as “the West” in mainstream English and Chinese discourses; the Chinese viewed the US much more negatively than Europe. Second, whereas the Chinese reciprocated American antipathy, there was an asymmetry in public perceptions between China and Europe, with the Chinese expressing much greater favourability towards European countries than the other way around, though the degree of favourability still varied by country. Analyses of respondent attributes also yielded insights that both confirm and challenge some of the conventional wisdom regarding age, education, and party membership in Chinese public opinion.
State Institutions as Building Blocks of China's Infrastructures of Memory – The Case of Intangible Heritage
Authors: Maags Christina
Published: January 2023

The past is continuously reinterpreted to serve the interests of the present. Over the last two centuries of turbulent Chinese history, the past has been redefined through narratives and categorisations. How does the party-state manage the diversity and complexity of China's past, and what implications does this have for state–society relations in China? Based on a case study of China's adoption of the Intangible Cultural Heritage Convention, this article argues that the Chinese party-state creates “infrastructures of memory,” which enable it to actively manage China's diverse past through selective institutionalisation. This process creates a “cognitive map” of tangible and rationalised relations and boundaries between vernacular memories as interpreted by the state. Although this map is to shape and direct Chinese collective memory and identity, it also sparks contestation among members of the populace who seek to preserve vernacular and multiple memories of their socio-cultural past.
Racial-Religious Decoupling in the University: Investigating Religious Students’ Perceptions of Institutional Commitment to Diversity
Authors: Nojan Saugher
Published: January 2023

Muslims face racism based on their racialized religious identities, yet few address their experiences through critical race theory or campus racial climate. This paper addresses how religious students rate institutional commitments to campus diversity when considering racial and religious respect. This study examines undergraduate experience surveys across nine campuses and a Muslim student photovoice project through a mixed-methods design. I argue that racial and religious respect derived from interpersonal, discursive, and material sources influence Muslim students’ perceptions of institutional commitment to diversity. I introduce racial-religious decoupling to refer to how the separation of race and religion as distinct social experiences hinders campus commitments to diversity, equity, and inclusion for addressing anti-Muslim racism and intersections of race and religion. This study uses critical race theory to demonstrate how hegemonic Whiteness embedded in higher education includes Christian normativity, which racializes non-Christians as outsiders who have to justify their needs and resources for their communities.
Resveratrol ameliorates bisphenol A-induced testicular toxicity in adult male rats: a stereological and functional study
Authors: Bordbar Hossein , Yahyavi Seyedeh-Saeedeh , Noorafshan Ali , Aliabadi Elham , Naseh Maryam
Published: January 2023

Background

Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the most widely used synthetic chemicals worldwide. BPA as an endocrine disruptor affects the reproductive systems through estrogenic and antiandrogenic proprieties. Resveratrol (RES) as a natural polyphenol and potent antioxidant exhibits protective effects against reproductive toxicity by inhibiting of oxidative stress. 48 male rats were divided into eight groups (n=6), including CONTROL, OLIVE OIL (0.5 ml/ day), Carboxy methylcellulose (CMC) (1 ml of 10 g/l), RES (100mg/kg/day), low dose of BPA (25 mg/kg/day), high dose of BPA (50 mg/kg/day), low dose of BPA + RES, and high dose of BPA + RES. All treatments were done orally per day for 56 days. At the end of the 8th week, blood samples were collected for hormone assays. Then, the sperm parameters were analyzed, and the left testis was removed for stereological study.

Results

We showed a significant decrease in sperm parameters in the low and high doses of BPA groups compared to control groups (P<0.05). The volume of testicular components as well as the diameter and length of seminiferous tubules significantly reduced (11-64 %), and the total number of the testicular cell types decreased (34-67 %) on average in the low and high doses of BPA groups. Moreover, serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone hormones concentration showed a significant reduction in both doses of BPA groups (P<0.01). Nonetheless, treatment with RES could ameliorate all the above-mentioned changes in the low and high doses of BPA groups (P<0.05).

Conclusions

RES could prevent BPA-induced testicular structural changes and sperm quality via improving gonadotropin hormones and testosterone levels.