bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A method of water resources accounting based on deep clustering and attention mechanism under the background of integration of public health data and environmental economy
Authors: Zhou Shiya
Published: September 2023

Water resource accounting constitutes a fundamental approach for implementing sophisticated management of basin water resources. The quality of water plays a pivotal role in determining the liabilities associated with these resources. Evaluating the quality of water facilitates the computation of water resource liabilities during the accounting process. Traditional accounting methods rely on manual sorting and data analysis, which necessitate significant human effort. In order to address this issue, we leverage the remarkable feature extraction capabilities of convolutional operations to construct neural networks. Moreover, we introduce the self-attention mechanism module to propose an unsupervised deep clustering method. This method offers assistance in accounting tasks by automatically classifying the debt levels of water resources in distinct regions, thereby facilitating comprehensive water resource accounting. The methodology presented in this article underwent verification using three datasets: the United States Postal Service (USPS), Heterogeneity Human Activity Recognition (HHAR), and Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). The evaluation of Accuracy rate (ACC), Normalized Mutual Information (NMI), and Adjusted Rand Index (ARI) metrics yielded favorable results, surpassing those of K-means clustering, hierarchical clustering, and Density-based constraint extension (DCE). Specifically, the mean values of the evaluation metrics across the three datasets were 0.8474, 0.7582, and 0.7295, respectively.
Mycorrhizal inoculation enhanced tillering in field grown wheat, nutritional enrichment and soil properties
Authors: Akbar Muhammad , Chohan Safeer A. , Yasin Nasim A. , Ahmad Aqeel , Akram Waheed , Nazir Abdul
Published: September 2023

To meet food security, commercial fertilizers are available to boost wheat yield, but there are serious ill effects associated with these fertilizers. Amongst various organic alternatives, inoculating crop fields with mycorrhizal species is the most promising option. Although, mycorrhizae are known to enhance wheat yield, but how the mycorrhizae influence different yield and quality parameters of wheat, is not clear. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate the influence of indigenous mycorrhizal species on the growth of wheat, its nutritional status and soil properties, in repeated set of field experiments. In total 11 species of mycorrhizae were isolated from the experimental sites withClaroideoglomus,being the most dominant one. Five different treatments were employed during the present study, keeping plot size for each replicate as 6 × 2 m. Introduction of consortia of mycorrhizae displayed a significant increase in number of tillers/plant (49.5%), dry biomass (17.4%), grain yield (21.2%) and hay weight (16.7%). However, there was non-significant effect of mycorrhizal inoculation on 1,000 grains weight. Moreover, protein contents were increased to 24.2%. Zinc, iron, phosphorus and potassium concentrations were also increased to 24%, 21%, 30.9% and 14.8%, respectively, in wheat grains. Enhancement effects were also noted on soil fertility such as soil organic carbon % age, available phosphorus and potassium were increased up to 64.7%, 35.8% and 23.9%, respectively. Herein, we concluded that mycorrhizal introduction in wheat fields significantly increased tillering in wheat and this increased tillering resulted in overall increase in wheat biomass/yield. Mycorrhizae also enhanced nutritional attributes of wheat grains as well as soil fertility. The use of mycorrhizae will help to reduce our dependance on synthetic fertilizers in sustainable agriculture.
Evaluación de los aspectos agronómicos, medioambientales, comerciales y económicos para el establecimiento de un proyecto citrícola y efecto de la arquitectura de la planta sobre la decisión de plantación de un huerto citrícola
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Ovalle Vergara Benjamín
Published: September 2023

Este proyecto analiza en un predio ubicado en Melipilla, Región Metropolitana, las diferentes variables agronómicas tales como clima, suelo, topografía, recursos hídricos y aspectos medio ambientales para el establecimiento de un huerto de limonero cv. Benjamín Andes y naranjo cv. Cara Cara. Adicionalmente se analiza la situación de Chile y sus competidores, en la producción de estas especies; con el propósito de contextualizar la oferta potencial. Considerando lo aspectos mencionados, se propone un diseño de huerto óptimo para lograr altos estándares productivos y eficiencia en costos. Lo anterior es evaluado mediante flujo de caja libre y rentabilidad. Adicionalmente y en línea con lo mencionado, se continua con la tercera temporada de evaluación respecto a la incidencia de la arquitectura de las plantas en la distribución y captura de radiación PAR para distintas orientaciones de hileras; con el propósito de optimizar tanto el diseño de huerto como la formación y poda de las plantas para lograr frutos de calidad y alto rendimiento productivo. Para esto se realizan mediciones de la radiación PAR en hileras de mandarino cv. W. Murcott con 4 tratamientos de poda y en 2 sectores con distintas orientaciones ubicados en el predio Agrícola Los Paltos, Región Metropolitana.
An Indigenous Ocean: Pacific Essays
Authors: Salesa Damon
Published: September 2023

The Pacific’s ‘Indigenous times’ are not just smaller sections of larger histories, but dimensions of their own. Histories of our Pacific world are richly rendered in these essays by Damon Salesa. From the first Indigenous civilisations that flourished in Oceania to the colonial encounters of the nineteenth century, and on to the complex contemporary relationships between New Zealand and the Pacific, Salesa offers new perspectives on this vast ocean – its people, its cultures, its pasts and its future. Spanning a wide range of topics, from race and migration to Pacific studies and empire, these essays demonstrate Salesa’s remarkable scholarship. Bridging the gap between academic disciplines and cultural traditions, Salesa locates Pacific peoples always at the centre of their stories. An Indigenous Ocean is a pivotal contribution to understanding the history and culture of Oceania.
Comparison of Preoperative Acupressure, Incentive Spirometry, and Nebulisation with Lignocaine in Reducing Fentany-induced Cough: A Randomised Controlled Study
Authors: Kumar Nidhi , Jindal Parul , Pandey Anupama , Dubey Ajay
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Fentanyl bolus during induction often leads to cough. It is usually benign, but in some cases, it can be explosive and life-threatening. The incidence of Fentany-induced Cough (FIC) varies from 18% to 65%. Aim: To compare the effect of acupressure, incentive spirometry, and nebulisation with lignocaine on the incidence and severity of FIC. Materials and Methods: This single blind randomised controlled study was conducted in Department of Anaesthesia, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, HIMS, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India over a period of nine months from May 2019 to February 2020. Four hundred patients, aged 18-60 years, of either sex, scheduled for elective surgery, were randomly assigned to four groups: acupressure group (A), incentive spirometry group (S), nebulisation with lignocaine group (N), and control group (C). All patients received undiluted fentanyl at a dose of 2 mcg/kg over five seconds. Episodes of cough within 60 seconds of fentanyl administration were classified as FIC, and the severity was graded based on the number of coughs (mild: 1-2, moderate: 3-4, severe: 5 or more). The time of onset of FIC was recorded. Hemodynamic changes and adverse effects due to fentanyl injection and the procedure were noted. The Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. Results: There were no differences among the four groups in terms of patients’ characteristics and a American Society of Anaesthesiologist (ASA) status. The incidence of FIC was higher in Group C (37%) compared to Group A (8%), S (12%), and N (10%), which was statistically significant (p-value<0.001). There was no significant difference in the incidence of FIC between Groups A, S, and N. Severe cough were observed in nine patients in the control group, one patient in the nebulisation and spirometry group, and none in the acupressure group. Conclusion: Non pharmacological methods such as acupressure and incentive spirometry were equally effective in reducing the incidence of FIC as the pharmacological methods and are more cost effective.
Significance of Rate-Pressure Product and Duke Treadmill Score in Predicting Disease Severity in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Shaveen EV , Jayaprakash K , Sudhakumary V , Madhavan Suresh , Bastian Cicy , Jayaprakash VL
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Exercise electrocardiography is a well-established and cost-effective investigation for evaluating Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). The Rate-pressure Product (RPP), which is the product of maximal Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) and peak Heart Rate (HR) during exercise, is a widely accepted parameter reflecting cardiac work and evaluating ventricular function. The use of Duke Treadmill Score (DTS) improves the diagnostic accuracy of exercise-induced ST-segment depression and has been observed to provide independent prognostic information. It has been shown that DTS provides information about the complexity of coronary artery lesions assessed by invasive coronary artery testing. Aim: To determine the significance of RPP and DTS in predicting the severity and complexity of angiographic lesions in patients with Stable Ischemic Heart Disease (SIHD) and a positive Treadmill Test (TMT). Materials and Methods: This study involved 100 consecutive patients with a positive TMT but no prior history of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) who underwent coronary angiography at Government Medical College, Kottayam, Kerala, India, between March 2018 and March 2019 after obtaining ethical clearance from the Institutional Review Board. The DTS and RPP were calculated for these patients. All patients then underwent coronary angiography, and their SYNTAX scores were calculated. Correlation analysis was performed to assess the relationship between DTS, RPP, and SYNTAX score using Spearman's correlation coefficient. The Kruskall-Wallis test was used to compare risk factors among groups. Results: A total of 100 patients were evaluated, ranging in age from 40 to 74 years with an average age of 57 years. The average SYNTAX score was 15, ranging from 2 to 56. The average Duke TMT score was -5.2, ranging from 6 to -22. There was a significant negative correlation between DTS and angiographic severity determined by SYNTAX score (r=-0.702, p=0.001). The average RPP was 22174, ranging from 14000 to 37620. The study showed a significant negative correlation between RPP and SYNTAX score (r=-0.201, p=0.04). Diabetic patients had a significantly higher SYNTAX score compared to non-diabetics (r=-0.602, p=0.013). Additionally, a significant negative correlation was observed between the Metabolic Equivalents (METs) attained, duration of exercise, and the SYNTAX score. Conclusion: DTS and RPP derived from the exercise treadmill test have a significant negative correlation with the severity and complexity of CAD as determined by the SYNTAX score in coronary angiography.
Association of Adiponectin-Leptin Ratio and HOMA-IR in Obese Patients with and without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Saini Mandeep Singh , Kaur Jaskiran , Sabharwal Ravjit Kaur , Kukreja Sahiba , Kaur Jaswinder , Samal Indira R
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Obesity is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality due to associated risk factors, including Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Obese and diabetic patients have lower amounts of adiponectin. Leptin, a hormone released by adipocytes that controls hunger, is crucial in the emergence of obesity. Furthermore, it has been claimed that the Adiponectin/ Leptin Ratio (ALR) correlates with Insulin Resistance (IR) better than adiponectin or leptin alone. Aim: To evaluate adiponectin, leptin, and Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) in obese subjects with and without T2DM and compare the variations, if any, from the normal subjects. Materials and Methods: This hospital-based, cross-sectional study was carried out at Sri Guru Ram Das (SGRD) University of Health Sciences, Amritsar, and Punjab Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Jalandhar from January 2020 to December 2022. A total of 125 subjects of either gender aged above 18 years, visiting the medicine Outpatient Department (OPD) of PIMS, Jalandhar, were included in the study. Among them, 25 healthy volunteers served as controls. Serum levels of Adiponectin, Leptin, and Insulin were estimated using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. The data obtained were statistically analysed using one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test (with Bonferroni post-hoc). Results: A total of 125 participants were analysed in the present study, with 50 being obese with T2DM (mean age: 50.22±8.6 years), 50 being obese without T2DM (mean age: 46.9±9.8 years), and 25 being non obese non diabetic individuals (controls) (mean age: 42.8±9.09 years). A higher number of females 78 (62.4%) reported to the OPD compared to males 47 (37.6%). Although no statistical significance was found, there was a considerable decrease in adiponectin levels in obese and obese with T2DM subjects. Moreover, the leptin levels and HOMA-IR were increased in obese and obese with T2DM subjects compared to the control subjects. Conclusion: ALR may be used as a clinical marker for assessing the morbidity due to obesity and in T2DM subjects. Moreover, lifestyle modifications can be targeted to prevent IR.
Ultrasonographic Assessment of Ovarian Volume: A Cross-sectional Study to Evaluate Ovarian Reserve and Its Impact on Reproductive Potential
Authors: Arya Aruna , Tomar Sushma , Aggarwal Nikhil , Kumar Sukriti , Pandey Amita , Manik Punita , Diwan Rakesh Kumar
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Ovarian Reserve (OR) serves as an important indicator of a female’s reproductive potential and remaining reproductive lifespan. With the societal shift towards delayed marriages and increased career focus among women, there is a growing need to understand the impact of age on fertility and the role of assisted reproductive techniques. Aim: To evaluate the volume of both left and right ovaries in asymptomatic females using ultrasonographic measurement of various morphometric parameters. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, in association with the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Department of Radiodiagnosis, King George’s Medical University, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India, from September 2016 to June 2017. Total 100 non pregnant females aged 19-49 years were included in the study. Ultrasonography was used to measure the Longitudinal Length (LL), Transverse Diameter (TD), and Anteroposterior Diameter (APD) of both ovaries (right and left). The volume of each ovary was calculated using the formula: 0.523×LL×TD×APD. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 24.0 was used to assess the maximum, minimum, and mean±Standard Deviation (SD) for all the morphometric parameters of the right and left ovaries. A paired t-test was used to compare these morphometric parameters, and a p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean±SD age of the study participants was 34.06±9.35 years. The mean±SD of LL, TD, APD, and volume for the right ovary were 3.12±0.29 cm, 2.37±0.24 cm, 1.76±0.19 cm, and 6.78±1.08 cm³, respectively. The mean±SD of LL, TD, APD, and volume for the left ovary were 3.08±0.45 cm, 2.32±0.25 cm, 1.76±0.18 cm, and 6.61±1.06 cm³, respectively. A comparison between these morphometric parameters of the right and left ovaries did not reveal any statistically significant differences. Conclusion: The use of sonography is rapidly increasing nowadays in the field of gynaecology and reproductive medicine, and ovarian parameters are of great importance in diagnosing ovarian abnormalities in adolescents, PCOS, and ovarian cancer. In the field of reproductive medicine, ultrasound is helpful in serial follicular monitoring of females on ovulogens to assess their ovarian reserve.
EXAMPLES OF ERRORS AND AMBIGUITITES IN THE EGiB, GESUT AND BDOT500 REGULATIONS FROM 2013/2015 AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE INFORMATION EXCHANGE PROCESS IN THE “GML” FORMAT
Authors: Jacek Derwisz
Published: September 2023

The regulations on the EGiB, GESUT and BDOT500 geodetic databases published in 2013 and 2015 contained a significant number of errors, which significantly hindered the process of updating the National Geodetic and Cartographic Resource, lowered the quality of cartographic materials and extended the time of performing geodetic works. The article presents some errors and their impact on the quality and content of cartographic materials. From 2021, new regulations in this area have been in force, but to a large extent they duplicate the errors and shortcomings of the regulations described in the article.
Antecedents of the Adoption of Cryptocurrency Investment in an Emerging Market: The Role of Behavioural Bias
Authors: Sachitra Vilani , Rajapaksha Saduni
Published: September 2023

Cryptocurrencies have become a popular discussion in the global economy as an increasing number of people adopt these despites their recent conception. As a result, governments worldwide are racing to incorporate assets into their legal frameworks. While Sri Lanka does not have a legal framework for such assets, there is a growing base for cryptocurrency investors in the country. This study analyzes the antecedents that drive Sri Lankan investors towards cryptocurrency investments and the influence of commonly known behavioral biases among these investors to examine the validity of behavioral finance theories in cryptocurrency markets. A structured questionnaire was distributed on social media platforms, which yielded 158 responses. Descriptive analysis was used to evaluate the demographic characteristics of the respondents, and PLS-SEM was used to examine the path model analysis of associations among the study variables. The findings suggest that the majority of respondents are males under 35 years of age with high educational qualifications, and that technical, economic, social, and personal factors are their main adoption motivators. The analysis of behavioral biases suggests that heuristic-driven and frame-dependent biases influence cryptocurrency adoption decisions. As a highly discussed topic in today’s world, there is a lack of studies focusing on the adoption motivators and behavioral biases of cryptocurrency investors. These findings provide valuable insights and enrich the existing knowledge in the domain of cryptocurrency, as this study is a pioneering endeavor focusing on behavioral biases in cryptocurrency markets.
Estimation of Missing Value in Sudoku Square Design
Authors: Shehu A.  , Dauran, N. S.  , Usman, A. G.
Published: September 2023

Missing values or missing data occur in experiments as a result of several reasons, these reasons could be natural or it happened due to failure on the part of experimenter. When missing value occurred it causes biasness to the analysis and failure in the efficiency. The study considered the Sudoku square design of order   where row-blocks and column-blocks are equal, rows and columns are equal with one missing value. The missing value is estimated by comparing the missing value in respect to Latin square of order and also in respect to randomized block design, the estimator for the missing value is derived and numerical illustration is given to show how the estimator is used to obtain the estimate of a missing value when  and  in a squared Sudoku design.
Publication Trends, Research Landscape, and Scientific Developments on Electric Vehicles Safety Research (2006–2021)
Authors: Ubana Dodeye , Ubana Kokei
Published: September 2023

Electric vehicles (EVs) are vehicles or automobiles that utilise a single or several electric-based motors, battery packs and collector systems for propulsion. With the paradigm shift to green electricity, EVs are considered major technological innovations that could mitigate GHG emissions from transportation. Despite their potential, EVs have numerous problems ranging from thermal runaways and electric shocks to fire and explosions. Therefore, electric vehicle safety (EVS) has become an important research area with over 5,000 publications to date. Based on data from the Elsevier Scopus database, the PRISMA technique was used to critically examine the research landscape and scientific developments in EVS research from 2006 to 2021. The results revealed 220 published documents comprising conference papers, articles, reviews, and book chapters. Research landscape analysis revealed that Zhenpo Wang, Ming H. Lu and Ming U. Jen are the most prolific authors, whereas the largest funding organisation is the National Natural Science Foundation (NSFC) of China. The findings indicate that EVS research/researchers have received significant financial support and non-monetary resources, which has resulted in numerous scientific developments and published documents over the years. For example, the improvements in the safety and efficiency of Li-ion batteries, along with tackling operational problems such as thermal runaway, electric shock, explosions, and other risks associated with battery damage, are under examination. In conclusion, the study shows that the research impact and scientific developments on EVS research will continue to grow, especially with growing calls to reduce fossil fuel-based energy dependence and GHG emissions from transportation.
Functional Properties of Acetylation-modified Starches of Three Purple Maize Cultivars from Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Cisse Mariame , Koffi Djary Michel , Akaffou Flavie Aya
Published: September 2023

Acetylation is one of the most used chemical modifications to improve the functional properties of starches. This allows the esterification of native starches by introducing acetyl groups into their structure. The objective of this study was to enhance the value of purple corn from Côte d'Ivoire. Some functional properties and enzymatic digestibility of acetylated and native starches of three cultivars of this maize have been determined. To this end, these maize were harvested in Katiola, a town on the Ivory Coast. The results showed that purple corn starch was modified using 10.2% acetic anhydride. Acetylated starches showed a degree of substitution and an acetyl content between 0.1 and 0.15% and 2.6 to 3.91% respectively. Acetylation increased clarity, swelling and solubility. This increase could contribute to the production of ice cream, frozen fruit, bakery products and sauces. This has also resulted in reductions in demotion trends compared to the corresponding native starches. Concerning the lowest gelling concentration, acetylated starches have recorded low values (1; 2 and 4%) which are very interesting in the food industries for infant foods. For enzymatic digestibility, the starch that has been digested much more quickly in the acetylated form is dark violet (ADP). Overall, these acetylated starches can be recommended in several food industries.
Enhancing Growth and Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties through Foliar Application of Micronutrients under Field Condition
Authors: Rawat Deepak Kumar , Verma C. B. , Prajapati Sunil Kumar , Prasad Janki , Kumar Pushpendra , Prajapati Bimlesh Kumar , Singh Budhesh Pratap
Published: September 2023

Extensively, it is imperative to address the pervasive issue of nutrient deficiencies among humans and animals in numerous underdeveloped regions. To tackle this challenge, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of foliar applications of Zinc, Boron, and Iron on the growth, yield attributes, and overall yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) varieties during the Rabi seasons of both 2018-19 and 2019-20. The field experiment was meticulously designed using a Split Plot Design, wherein three distinct chickpea varieties (V1-KGD-1168, V2-Radhey, and V3-KWR-108) were assigned to the main plots. The subplots were dedicated to seven micronutrient treatment combinations, namely (M1-Control), (M2-Zinc @ 0.5%), (M3-Boron @ 0.2%), (M4-Iron @ 0.1%), (M5-Zinc @ 0.5% + Boron @ 0.2%), (M6-Zinc @ 0.5% + Iron @ 0.1%), and (M7: Zinc @ 0.5% + Boron @ 0.2% + Iron @ 0.1%). Consequently, a total of 21 treatment combinations were meticulously replicated three times. The findings of the experiment unveiled that the Radhey variety significantly influenced various parameters, including plant height, the number of branches per plant, fresh plant weight, 100-seed weight (17.21, 17.25g), seed yield (2118, 2228 kg ha-1), gross return (112396, 113628 INR ha-1), net return (83154, 83616 INR ha-1), and the benefit-to-cost ratio (B: C ratio) (2.84, 2.79) of chickpea for both the years 2018-19 and 2019-20, respectively. Regarding the micronutrient treatments, the foliar application of Zinc @ 0.5% + Boron @ 0.2% + Iron @ 0.1% exhibited a notably positive impact on plant height, the number of branches per plant, fresh plant weight, 100-seed weight (16.94, 16.97g), seed yield (2162, 2276 kg ha-1), gross return (114634, 116076 INR ha-1), net return (85041, 85712 INR ha-1), and B: C ratio (2.87, 2.82) of chickpea during both the years 2018-19 and 2019-20, respectively. Based on these compelling results, farmers are strongly advised to cultivate the Radhey variety of chickpea while implementing foliar applications of Zinc @ 0.5% + Boron @ 0.2% + Iron @ 0.1% for enhanced growth and higher yields.
Assessing the Knowledge and Attitude of Farmers towards Climate Change in Kishanganj District, Bihar, India
Authors: Singh H. K. , Singh Pavan , Prakash Niraj , Singh Rajeev , Christopher Kevin
Published: September 2023

Climate change is viewed as the main problem of agriculture development in India. High dependence on agriculture and allied sectors makes the Indian state of Bihar vulnerable to climate change. Farmers' perceptions of climate change and their preferences for adaptation strategies must be understood in order to improve policies for addressing the issues that climate brings to farmers. Therefore, the main aim of the present study was to understand farmer’s perception of awareness of the climate change and their perception towards coping mechanism for changing climate. A total of 240 respondents were selected using purposive sampling in the % villages of Kishanganj district from March to May 2023. A descriptive research design was used in the study. Data was collected through face to face interview method using a semi structured interview schedule and analyzed using suitable statistical tools and techniques. It was found that the majority of farmers had a medium level of socio-economic characteristics. From the study result it was found that farmers were aware of about the climate change. Farmers agreed that the peak time of seasons has changed and there is a change in the onset of monsoon. Farmers exhibited resilience to changing climate through various local adaptation practices such as Switch to timely weather forecasting information, Climate-resilient practices, etc. The findings will help to refine and enrich the knowledge among the stakeholders to provide an effective framework for decisions and policy making.
Influence of Organic Manures and Organic Sprays on Productivity and Economics of Summer Greengram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]
Authors: Bhargavi K. , Sumathi V. , Reddy G. Krishna , Umamahesh V.
Published: September 2023

A field experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of organic fertilizers and organic sprays on the productivity and economic parameters of summer greengram (Vigna radiata) cultivation. The experiment was designed as a split-plot design with three replications. The primary plots encompassed four organic fertilizer treatments: Control (M1), Farm yard manure (M2), Vermicompost (M3), and Poultry manure (M4). The sub-plots included three organic spray treatments: Control (S1), Panchagavya (S2), and Jeevamrutha (S3).

The results of the experiment revealed that the combination of poultry manure as the organic fertilizer in conjunction with the application of Panchagavya spray had the most significant impact on both seed yield (779 kg ha-1) and haulm yield (1909 kg ha-1) for summer greengram cultivation. Furthermore, this specific combination demonstrated notably higher gross returns (₹48,648 ha-1), net returns (₹30,125 ha-1), and a favourable B C ratio of 2.60.
Breeding Value of Quality Protein Maize Inbreds
Authors: Hemavathy A. Thanga , Kavitha S. , Duraisamy Kavithamani , Sakila M. , Geetha V. Vijaya , Dhanushkodi V.
Published: September 2023

The cultivar with high and positive breeding value can be used as a good parent for breeding of traits in hybridization programs because they can better transfer the desirable characteristics to the progeny in each case. To obtain the breeding value present investigation was carried out in maize with 33 inbreds of maize and seven inbreds of QPM lines to assess the breeding value of maize  progenies for the better selection. The progeny values ranged from 62.04 (UMI 48 x CO 1) to 126.26 (CML 145 x CO 1). The breeding value ranged from 0.17 (UMI 48 x CO 1) to 0.39 (CML 145 x CO 1). CML 145 x CO 1 had high breeding value (0.39) with high progeny mean. UMI 48 x CO 1 had low breeding value (-0.17) with low progeny mean (90.80). The parent CML 145 was the superior most both for  perse  mean (P38=126.26) as well as for its hybrid progeny mean (C2= 168).
An Estimate of Certain Chelated, Non-Chelated Zinc Sources and Levels on Zinc Use Efficiency, Availability and Yield of Rice Grown in Texturally Different Soils
Authors: Sriramachandrasekharan M. V.  , Muthukumararaja T. , Senthilvalavan P.
Published: September 2023

This study was planned to estimate the performance of three zinc fertilizers [Zn sulfate heptahydrate (non-chelated), Zn- EDTA and Zn-humate (chelated)] at four levels (0, 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 mg kg-1) on zinc use efficiency, availability and crop productivity with rice. Field trials were conducted in clay loam and sandy clay loam textured soils using factorial randomized block design (FRBD) with three replications. Data recorded on yield, Zn uptake, DTPA-Zn, Zn uptake efficiency (ZnUPE), Zn utilization efficiency (ZnUTE), Zn use efficiency (ZnUE), fertilizer Zn uptake efficiency (FZnUPE), fertilizer Zn utilization efficiency (FZnUTE) and fertilizer Zn use efficiency (FZnUE). Among sources, Zn- EDTA recorded the highest grain (5307, 5545 kg ha-1) and straw (6691, 6913 kg ha-1) yield, Zn uptake and DTPA-Zn in both soils, respectively. Among Zn levels, invariably of  zinc sources  the highest grain (5556, 5771 kg ha-1) and straw (7029, 7120 kg ha-1) yield obtained with 5 mg kg-1 Zn, while 7.5 mg kg-1 Zn registered the highest zinc uptake and DTPA- Zn both in clay loam and sandy clay loam soil, respectively. Our results identified that increased Zn levels increased ZnUPE, ZnUTE, and ZnUE. Addition of 2.5 mg kg-1 Zn recorded the highest FZnUPE and FZnUE, while 5.0 mg kg-1 Zn recorded the highest FZnUTE invariably of soil textures. Amongst the sources, Zn humate recorded higher ZnUE and its components. The study concluded that chelated zinc sources performed well than non-chelated (Zn sulphate heptahydrate), and Zn EDTA was more effective than Zn humate in both experimental soils.
Evaluation of ASTM D 1143/D 1143M-07 and Chinese Code JGJ 106-2014 for Pile Load Testing using Finite Element Method
Authors: Lim Aswin , Sukiwan Octavianus Arvin
Published: September 2023

Pile foundation is a structural element utilized to transmit structural load into the soil mass. During design processes, many empirical equations used to estimate axial pile capacity, and a pile load test is conducted to validate the design. In Indonesia, it is common to adopt ASTM D 1143/D 1143M-07 for pile testing. Chinese Code JGJ 106-2014 is another viable option, which has gained popularity recently. This study investigated the load–settlement curves obtained using both codes. The analyses were simulated using the Mohr–Coulomb and the Hardening Soil models. The Hardening Soil model yielded more reasonable load–settlement and load–excess pore water pressure curves than the Mohr–Coulomb model. The reason due to the Mohr–Coulomb model unable to capture the non-linear behavior of soil properly. Furthermore, the results showed that ASTM D 1143/D 1143M-07 and JGJ 106-2014 yielded comparable results. Hence, both methods could be substituted each other.
Seismic Performance of Precast Concrete Special Moment Frames with Hybrid Connection System in Five and Ten Story Buildings
Authors: Chandra Jimmy , V.N. Lokito , J.A. Tambuna
Published: September 2023

Precast concrete has been widely implemented in various construction projects due to shorter construction duration and consistent quality. In a previous study, Solberg et al. (2008) conducted an experiment on hybrid beam-column connections with Damage Avoidance Design concept to improve the seismic performance of precast concrete special moment frames. The objective of this study is to further evaluate the seismic performance of precast concrete special moment frames with the hybrid beam-column connections in five and ten story buildings. The evaluation was done through non-linear dynamic time history analysis using OpenSees. The analysis results show that precast concrete frame buildings exhibit insignificant difference in maximum interstory drift ratios and roof displacements as compared to conventional concrete frame buildings. However, with significantly smaller residual displacements which indicates less structural damage, precast concrete frame buildings could be preferred in the long run as they require less structural repairs after a strong earthquake event.
Risk of Multiple Primary Cancers in Patients With Merkel Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Eid Edward , Maloney Nolan J. , Cai Zhuo Ran , Zaba Lisa C. , Kibbi Nour , John Esther M. , Linos Eleni
Published: September 2023

Importance

The risk of subsequent primary cancers after a diagnosis of cutaneous Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is not well established.

Objective

To evaluate the risk of subsequent primary cancers after the diagnosis of a first primary cutaneous MCC.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study analyzed data from 17 registries of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2019. In all, 6146 patients diagnosed with a first primary cutaneous MCC were identified.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was the relative and absolute risks of subsequent primary cancers after the diagnosis of a first primary MCC, which were calculated using the standardized incidence ratio (SIR; ratio of observed to expected cases of subsequent cancer) and the excess risk (difference between observed and expected cases of subsequent cancer divided by the person-years at risk), respectively. Data were analyzed between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2019.

Results

Of 6146 patients with a first primary MCC diagnosed at a median (IQR) age of 76 (66-83) years, 3713 (60.4%) were men, and the predominant race and ethnicity was non-Hispanic White (5491 individuals [89.3%]). Of these patients, 725 (11.8%) developed subsequent primary cancers, with an SIR of 1.28 (95% CI, 1.19-1.38) and excess risk of 57.25 per 10 000 person-years. For solid tumors after MCC, risk was elevated for cutaneous melanoma (SIR, 2.36 [95% CI, 1.85-2.97]; excess risk, 15.27 per 10 000 person-years) and papillary thyroid carcinoma (SIR, 5.26 [95% CI, 3.25-8.04]; excess risk, 6.16 per 10 000 person-years). For hematologic cancers after MCC, risk was increased for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (SIR, 2.62 [95% CI, 2.04-3.32]; excess risk, 15.48 per 10 000 person-years).

Conclusions and Relevance

This cohort study found that patients with MCC had an increased risk of subsequently developing solid and hematologic cancers. This increased risk may be associated with increased surveillance, treatment-related factors, or shared etiologies of the other cancers with MCC. Further studies exploring possible common etiological factors shared between MCC and other primary cancers are warranted.
Rethinking Palliative Care in Psychiatry
Authors: Chan Kwok Ying , Yap Desmond Y. H. , Singh Harry Gill Harinder
Published: September 2023

This Viewpoint describes specific issues related to severe mental illnesses for palliative care.
Work-Life Integration for Academic Surgeons
Authors: White Rebekah R.
Published: September 2023

This Viewpoint discusses the time surgeons spend juggling work and life responsibilities by presenting a brief survey of academic surgeons who tracked their time use for 1 week.
Assessing the truthfulness of security and defence news in Central and Eastern Europe: The role of cognitive style and the promise of epistemic sophistication
Authors: Mustață Marinel‐Adi , Răpan Ivona , Dumitrescu Lucian , Dobreva Hristina , Dimov Petko , Lis Andrzej , Révayová Eva , Marineanu Vasile , Buluc Ruxandra , Olariu Cosmin , Lucinescu Alexandru , Buță Cosmin
Published: September 2023

In this study, we sought to determine whether findings associating cognitive style with news evaluation can be generalized within a Central and Eastern European (CEE) context. We examined the relevance of actively open‐minded thinking, need for cognition, analyticity, and dogmatism in determining the truthfulness of security and defence news headlines. Drawing from a sample of 500 participants from Bulgaria, Poland, Romania, and Slovakia, our results align closely with effect sizes documented in mainstream literature concerning belief in fake news (BFN). In contrast, none of the tested cognitive style measures predicted belief in real news (BRN), and the cognitive reflection test yielded no usable results. The study also explored the utility of a new measure: epistemic sophistication. Our findings were moderately promising for the multiplicism subscale in predicting both BFN and BRN.
I will keep your memory! Reasons for remembering lost loved ones
Authors: Pociunaite Justina , Wolf Tabea
Published: September 2023

Remembering the lost loved one is an integral part of bereavement process. While we know from prior research that memories in general are used for specific reasons (e.g., for identity processes or within social relationships), it is unclear for what reasons people remember their lost loved ones. Based on previous literature, we assumed that memory emotionality and bereavement reaction are associated with why people reminisce about their lost loved ones. In total, 100 adults reported up to 10 of their most important memories about a lost loved one and rated them regarding emotional valence, intensity and different types of memory use. Participants also rated their feelings of grief and personal growth post‐loss. Findings demonstrate that memories about lost loved ones are used in ways considered adaptive and maladaptive. Importantly, the reasons for remembering lost loved ones are strongly associated with emotional qualities of memories and the individual bereavement reaction.
Designing Reflective Hybrid Counter Electrode for Fiber Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cell with Record Efficiency
Authors: Zhu Zhengfeng , Lin Zhengmeng , Gu Yu , Song Jiatian , Kang Xinyue , Jiang Hongyu , Peng Huisheng
Published: September 2023

Fiber solar cells can be woven into textiles to effectively supply electricity for wearables and have attracted increasing interests in the past decade. However, achieving high power conversion efficiencies in real‐world applications remains a significant challenge for power supply textiles. Here a unique hybrid counter electrode made from metal current collector fiber with high electrical conductivity, aligned carbon nanotube sheet with high electrocatalytic property, and porous titanium dioxide/poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) film with high light reflectance is designed. For the resulting fiber dye‐sensitized solar cell, a rapid charge collection and transport are achieved, and the unique advantage of absorbing light from all directions is effectively realized, producing a record power conversion efficiency of 12.52%. The power conversion efficiency varies below 10% after bending, twisting, or pressing for 1000 cycles. These fiber dye‐sensitized solar cells are further integrated with fiber batteries as power systems for a smart bracelet, demonstrating the effective power solution for wearables.
Localized Exciton Anatomy and BandGap Energy Modulation in 1D MoS2 Nanostructures
Authors: van der Lippe Stijn , Brokkelkamp Abel , Rojo Juan , Conesa‐Boj Sonia
Published: September 2023

This study presents an in‐depth investigation of the electronic properties and bandgap energy distribution in 1D molybdenum disulfide (1D‐MoS2) nanostructures. Through a combination of high‐angle annular dark‐field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF‐STEM) and electron energy‐loss spectroscopy (EELS), it reveals significant differences between 1D‐MoS2 nanostructures and their 2D counterparts, shedding light on their localized exciton behavior and their bandgap energy modulation within the nanostructures. Excitonic peaks at around 2 and 3 eV appear localized at the ends or along the sides of the 1D‐MoS2 nanostructures, while the plasmonic resonance at 8.3 eV retains its inner‐region localization. It demonstrates the spatial dependence of the bandgap energy, with the central region exhibiting a bandgap of approximately 1.2 eV, consistent with bulk MoS2, while regions characterized by curvature‐induced local strain fields exhibit instead a noticeable reduction. The findings provide valuable insights into the intricate relationship between excitonic behavior and bandgap sensitivity in 1D‐MoS2 nanostructures, streamlining the design and optimization of nanophotonic and optoelectronic devices.
Flexible and Transformable Ceramic Aerogels via a Fire‐Reborn Strategy for Thermal Superinsulation in Extreme Conditions
Authors: Cheng Yingying , Ma Bingjie , Hu Peiying , Zhang Junxiong , Hu Dongmei , Wang Jin
Published: September 2023

Effective thermal superinsulation in extremely high temperatures (EHT) is crucial for aerospace, industrial, and civilization activities. However, current strategies relying on ceramic materials face limitations due to their high thermal conductivity and brittleness in specific conditions. In this study, a feasible and scalable method for synthesizing a flexible, lightweight, and transformable fire‐reborn silica‐alumina hybrid ceramic aerogel (FR‐SACA) is presented, which is achieved by rearranging silica aerogel microparticles and Al2O3 ceramic fibers using a self‐sacrifice polymer, resulting in a bio‐inspired bird nest structured FR‐SACA. The SACA exhibits exceptional properties, including an ultra‐low density of 0.01 g cm−3, a low thermal conductivity of 0.029 W m−1 K−1, and a reversible compression of up to 80%. Notably, a 20 mm‐thick FR‐SACA demonstrates a remarkable temperature reduction of 1179.6 °C when exposed directly to a 1300 °C flame, suggesting its potential as a thermal superinsulation material in EHT environments. Furthermore, the transformability of SACA enables in situ fabrication on surfaces with diverse heteromorphic structures, such as flat, bent, and angled shapes, thereby providing thermal superinsulation for various constructions. The Phoenix Nirvana process opens up new possibilities for synthesizing ceramic aerogels with desirable flexibility and adaptive properties, facilitating effective thermal management under extreme conditions.
Biotoxicity of Halide Perovskites in Mice
Authors: Li Guixiang , Liu Yong‐Tao , Yang Feng , Li Meng , Zhang Zuhong , Pascual Jorge , Wang Zhao‐Kui , Wei Shi‐Zhe , Zhao Xin‐Yuan , Liu Hai‐Rui , Zhao Jin‐Bo , Lin Chieh‐Ting , Li Jun‐Ming , Li Zhe , Abate Antonio , Cantone Irene
Published: September 2023

Halide perovskites are crystalline semiconductors with exceptional optoelectronic properties, rapidly developing toward large‐scale applications. Lead (II) (Pb2+) is the core element used to prepare halide perovskites. Pb2+ can displace key 2+ elements, including calcium, zinc and iron, that regulate vital physiological functions. Sn2+ can replace Pb2+ within the perovskite structure and, if accidentally dispersed in the environment, it readily oxidizes to Sn4+, which is compatible with physiological functions and thus potentially safe. The 3+ salt bismuth (III) (Bi3+) is also potentially safe for the same reason and useful to prepare double perovskites. Here, this work studies the biotoxicity of Pb, Sn, and Bi perovskites in mice for the first time. This work analyses histopathology and growth of mice directly exposed to perovskites and investigate the development of their offspring generation. This study provides the screening of organs and key physiological functions targeted by perovskite exposure to design specific studies in mammalians.
High‐Contrast Switching of Light Enabled by Zero Diffraction
Authors: Henkel Andreas , Schumacher Sven Oliver , Meudt Maik , Knoth Christopher , Buchmüller Maximilian , Görrn Patrick
Published: September 2023

Diffraction allows to change the direction of light. Therefore, controlling the diffraction efficiency with high contrast enables controlling the pathway of light within optical systems. However, a high contrast requires that the diffraction efficiency is tunable close to zero. Probably the most prominent example for zero diffraction in a waveguide grating is a bound state in the continuum (BIC). Herein, zero diffraction of two plane waves under symmetric incidence to a leaky symmetric waveguide grating is found. The phenomenon not only occurs at singular spectral positions but on continuous curves in the energy–momentum space. The relative phase of the two waves enables large contrast control over diffraction in a wide spectral range. The practical meaning of this finding for local switching is demonstrated. Light is trapped into a nonlinear optical waveguide and detrapped at a desired position with electric control. A switching contrast exceeding 1000 is experimentally shown.
Exosomes Derived from M2 Microglial Cells Modulated by 1070‐nm Light Improve Cognition in an Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model
Authors: Chen Chengwei , Bao Yuting , Xing Lu , Jiang Chengyong , Guo Yu , Tong Shuangmei , Zhang Jiayi , Chen Liang , Mao Ying
Published: September 2023

Near‐infrared photobiomodulation has been identified as a potential strategy for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the mechanisms underlying this therapeutic effect remain poorly characterize. Herein, it is illustrate that 1070‐nm light induces the morphological alteration of microglia from an M1 to M2 phenotype that secretes exosomes, which alleviates the β‐amyloid burden to improve cognitive function by ameliorating neuroinflammation and promoting neuronal dendritic spine plasticity. The results show that 4 J cm−21070‐nm light at a 10‐Hz frequency prompts microglia with an M1 inflammatory type to switch to an M2 anti‐inflammatory type. This induces secretion of M2 microglial‐derived exosomes containing miR‐7670‐3p, which targets activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) during endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Moreover, it is found that miR‐7670‐3p reduces ATF6 expression to further ameliorate ER stress, thus attenuating the inflammatory response and protecting dendritic spine integrity of neurons in the cortex and hippocampus of 5xFAD mice, ultimately leading to improvements in cognitive function. This study highlights the critical role of exosomes derive from 1070‐nm light‐modulated microglia in treating AD mice, which may provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of AD with the use of near‐infrared photobiomodulation.