bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Développement global et territorialité dans l'estuaire de la Seine (Global development and territories in the Seine estuary)
Authors: Lecoquierre Bruno
Published: June 2015

Résumé. - L'avenir du port du Havre a donné lieu à un vaste débat public qui a permis, entre autres apports, de réintégrer le port dans son estuaire et de poser ainsi le problème du développement économique dans la perspective d'un développement durable, plus respectueux des ressources et parmi celles-ci de l'espace estuarien. Seule une approche globale devrait permettre de progresser dans la voie tracée par un débat qui n'a cependant pas mobilisé de manière égale tous les protagonistes.
Problèmes environnementaux et territoires estuariens : l'estuaire de la Loire (Problems of environment and estuarian territories : the estuary of the Loire)
Authors: Fattal Paul , Guineberteau Thierry
Published: June 2015

Résumé. - L'estuaire de la Loire constitue par définition un espace naturel complexe et spécifique. L'eau - sous toutes ses formes - est l'élément fondateur de cette entité estuarienne et le fil conducteur d'une grande partie des problèmes posés dans l'estuaire. Nous avons volontairement pris le parti de ne pas traiter la multiplicité des mutations environnementales. En restant au «fil de l'eau», les impacts des extractions de granulats, de la création d'un bassin de marée, des rectifications successives en aval de l'estuaire et de la proximité des zones urbanisées ou industrielles sont les principales interventions successives en aval de l'estuaire et de la proximité des zones urbanisées ou industrielles analysées au travers de quelques exemples. Ces évolutions sont liées à des mutations de l'ensemble estuarien et appellent en cela une perception et une gestion spécifiques. Délaisser l'approche sectorielle au profit d'une approche globale pose nécessairement la question des territoires - et donc des pouvoirs - adaptés à cette gestion. Tous les territoires qui ont été créés ou qui sont en voie d'émergence sur l'estuaire de la Loire cherchent à prendre en compte cette donne environnementale. Les tentatives passées et actuelles d'approche territoriale globale de l'entité estuarienne demeurent confrontées à la permanence d'opposition spatiales fortes.
Des outils pour une gestion intégrée de la zone côtière : réflexions à partir de l'exemple Seychellois (Tools for a better integrated coastal zone management)
Authors: Cazes-Duvat Virginie
Published: June 2015

Abstract. - Over the last decades, increasing human densities and environmental degradations led to severe coastal problems. Resulting from numerous natural and human factors, they require global and integrated methods. The aim of this paper is to propose two management tools which were tested on the main- island of Seychelles (Mahe) : a method of beach rating and a coastal vulnerability index.
2 000 problèmes pour Port 2000 (2000 problems for Port 2000)
Authors: Vigarié André
Published: June 2015

Abstract. - Port 2000 is an important physical and economical planning project whose reason is in the national and local necessities to participate in the strong development of the world container trade. Port of Le Havre Authority (PAH) is not able to decide by itself : it needs a governmental decision and financial commitments. Since 1973, PAH had drown the plans for a new large équipement, south of its actual localisation, in a part of the Seine estuary ; there was the alone possibility. But all sorts of interests are mingled ; so after a quarter of century, the projet is decided, but not completely organised. There will be a new large harbour for four to height mega-carriers as it has been suggested. But the main difficulties come from the ecologist currents : in this built estuary, hydrology and sedimento- logy will change, with consequences on fishing, seaside resorts of the "Côte fleurie" of Calvados country, etc. ; and numerous other difficulties are to be taken in account.
Les ports de commerce, l'environnement et la gestion intégrée du littoral (Ports of trade, the environment and integrated management of the coast)
Authors: Marcadon Jacques
Published: June 2015

Abstract. - The activities and the development of any port has negativ impacts upon the environment, its growth depends on surveys proceeding in a regulation framework ; it must improve a politic of management of the risks and the pollutions. The paper argue how difficult it is to measure the impact of the development projects with the example of the method of the pluricriteria grid.
Montagne et géomorphologie : de la tectonique aux risques (Mountain and geomorphology : from tectonics to natural hazards and risks)
Authors: Fort Monique
Published: June 2015

Abstract. - In active mountains, there is a dynamic equilibrium between relief uplift (a result of tectonics and isostatic compensation), river downcutting and slope adjustment by large-scale mass wasting. With the help of new methods of analysis, geomorphologists must both understand the geodynamic processes and participate to a well-thought-out and long-term oriented management of these often threatening environments.
La gestion de l'eau : à la croisée des politiques publiques et des territoires (Water management, between public policies and territories)
Authors: Larrue Corinne
Published: June 2015

Abstract. - Water management rely upon ad-hoc level of governance i.e. on water basin authorities the territory of which overpasses institutional limits. The paper presents first of all an historical development of the setting up of these new ad hoc authorities and then presents an analysis of their functioning at local level.
Conquête de l'eau, mutations paysagères et recompositions sociales en milieu rural : le cas des Monegros (Espagne) (Water management, landscapes alterations and social reorganizations in rural areas : the example of the Monegros (Spain))
Authors: Clarimont Sylvie
Published: June 2015

Résumen. - Mientras se cuestiona el modelo agrícola productivista, las políticas de ordenación del territorio rural tienden cada vez más a adoptar medidas de protección de algunos paisajes. Sin embargo, estas nuevas medidas no siempre son consensuales. Puede occurir que, a nivel local, aparezcan tensiones. Así es en Monegros, territorio situado en la depresión central de Aragon, en la margen izquierda del Ebro. Antano dedicado al pastoreo extensivo y a la agricultura de secano, el territorio monegrino es hoy dia una zona de regadio. El Estado tuvo un pápel fundamental en la transformation de estas tierras áridas. A lo largo del siglo XX, siguiendo las ideas regeneracionistas del aragonés J. Costa (1845-1911) se ha invertido mucho en los Monegros para « convertir el desierto en vergel ».

Consensual durante muchos anos, la politica de puesta en regadio de los Monegros empieza a ser debatida. Se emprenden medidas de rehabilitación de los paisajes esteparios antes muy despreciados asi como se elaboran proyectos de recuperación del patrimonio hidráulico traditional.
Urbanisation et inondations : de l'opposition à la réconciliation (Urbanization and floods : from opposition to reconciliation)
Authors: Dégardin Francis
Published: June 2015

Abstract. - The valleys have always attracted the towns and these ones have invaded them. This trend got one summit during the Trente Glorieuses period in France, towns exploding over the flood zones, with the no-risk illusion. From 1980 nevertheless, after several critical floods, a new attitude got up to take a profit from the flood zones in the urban development according to the natural functions of the streams. This new approach, both technical and prescriptive, is based on the ecological current.
Eau et intercommunalité dans la région Nord-Pas-de-Calais : état d'avancement des SAGE à travers l'exemple du SAGE de la Canche (Water and «intercommunalité » in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais région : the example of the SAGE of the Canche river)
Authors: scarwell Helga-Jane , Laganier Richard
Published: June 2015

Abstract. - Since a long time, flood and water management has been essentially turn onto a fight against hazard and water pollution. Now, these technical measurements are complemented by tools to prevent and control occupation of the territory and the society vulnerability (PPR and SAGE for examples). In another way, the public institutions want to associate in this territory project all the private and public actors of the local scene of risk. In that way, how floods and water management could be appropriate by all the actors, through the catchment governance ? actors of the local scene of risk. In that way, how floods and water management could be appropriate by all the actors, through the catchment governance ?
Les frontières africaines : nouvelles significations, nouveaux enjeux (African frontiers : new significance, new stakes)
Authors: Bennafla Karine
Published: June 2015

Abstract. - In this article, we study the evolution of the concept of boundary, which is usually defined as a line limiting the sovereignty domain of a state. The state boundary has nowadays multiple and unlocated aspects. It has changed in terms of materialization and meaning because disruptions in the transports domain, states privatization and because of the enforcement of other boundaries (supranational and interior). Despite those changes, the spatial frames, inherited from colonial history, endures. No alternative territory that might undermines or replaces them can be observed, especially nearby border zones either boosted by transnational trade or military unstable. One can witness the territories internal reorganizations that proove an adaptation of the states and maintain the national territories perpetuity : states spatial frame remain while key-locations are changing.
Une nouvelle géographie politique de l'Afrique australe ? (A new geopolitical context for Southern Africa ?)
Authors: Gervais-Lambony Philippe
Published: June 2015

Résumé. - Le texte analyse les changements récents de la géographie politique de l'Afrique australe. Depuis la fin de la Guerre Froide d'une part, de l'apartheid d'autre part, l'Afrique australe connaît des changements politiques et économiques considérables. Mais, l'intégration régionale que l'on pouvait attendre semble marquer le pas, notamment parce que la politique sud-africaine n'en fait pas une priorité absolue. De fait, ce qui prime aujourd'hui dans les relations entre Etats, ce sont les intérêts économiques et non plus les liens de nature politique. En conséquence, l'Afrique du Sud renforce ses liens régionaux quand elle y a intérêt mais préfère dans beaucoup de domaines mener sa politique à une échelle continentale ou mondiale et non plus régionale.
Quelles réponses à l'afflux de réfugiés ? L'exemple zambien (What solutions to the refugee problem ? The example of Zambia)
Authors: Lassailly-Jacob Véronique
Published: June 2015

Résumé. - En Afrique, des mouvements massifs de réfugiés se produisent sur de courtes distances vers les zones frontalières des pays limitrophes. Si les pays d'accueil lancent des cris d'alarme pour solliciter l'aide internationale — les réfugiés étant toujours perçus comme un fardeau à partager - il semble que ces afflux n'aient pas que des répercussions négatives et soient parfois utilisés comme source de développement. Cet article tente d'expliquer pourquoi la Zambie a toujours adopté une politique d'asile extrêmement généreuse malgré les risques de déstabilisation que cela a entraînés. Parmi les avantages tirés de cet accueil, citons le regroupement des réfugiés en sites agricoles qui permet à cet Etat peu peuplé et très urbanisé de bénéficier à la fois de la force de travail des réfugiés pour nourrir les villes et des investissements de la communauté internationale pour aménager le territoire.
Mutations de l'espace urbain à Shanghai : une mégapole entre ville globale et culture locale ? (Urban space changes in Shanghai : a megapole between global city and local culture ?)
Authors: Baudon Laurence
Published: June 2015

Abstract. - Chinese government plans to transform Shanghai into a so-called global city. In order to turn the city into a central market place of international capitalism, they lead an unprecedented urban metamorphosis that crumbles the traditional city patchwork, bringing about a stereotyped idea of modernity. However, some old space uses interweave with the new imposed style. It gives rise to a twofold city, where the geographical divide exemplifies the social divide of the insiders from the outsiders. It suggests a parallel development of social and spatial structures which becomes the very challenge of urbanism : global culture and local social practices have to mingle together.
Processus de confort et modernisation de l'habitat à Shanghai dans les années 90 (Comfort process and modernization of habitat in Shanghai in the 90')
Authors: Laurans Valérie
Published: June 2015

Résumé. - Dans le cadre de l'ouverture du marché immobilier, de quelle façon le bien-être des habitants est-il pris en considération par la politique de développement du logement à Shanghai ? Quel rôle joue-t-il dans le projet de modernisation de la ville ? Selon quels critères la notion de confort est-elle évaluée ? Quelles mesures sont adoptées afin d'en permettre la standardisation ? La possibilité d'accéder à la propriété du logement donne-t-elle naissance à de nouvelles stratégies de confort ?
Wuxi et Suzhou : comparaison de l'organisation de deux villes «moyennes» en Chine de l'Est et évolution (Wuxi et Suzhou : comparison of the organisation of two "average" cities in east China and evolution)
Authors: Vallette Anne
Published: June 2015

Abstract. - The urban development of Chinese cities is very fast in the last 50 years. Its consequence is an rapid consumption of rural lands all around. An urban intensification and restructuring is the other side of the development of these cities. Wuxi and Suzhou, mid-size cities at the Chinese scale are nevertheless millionaire in population. Their analysis allows us to see the extent of this nationwide growth.
Les enseignements de 15 ans de thèses de climatologie (1986-2000) (15 years of thesis of climatology, 1986-2000)
Authors: Vigneau Jean-Pierre
Published: June 2015

Abstract. - From 1985 to 2000, about 150 Thesis (Ph.D) dealing with Climatology have been attended by Geographers in France. Prepared in few research teams, subjects did not follow closely scientific advances. Strangers outnumbered national authors, and if examined areas extend all over the world, (North)Africa hold the first position.
Ambiguïtés tropicales (Tropical ambiguities)
Authors: Lamarre Denis
Published: June 2015

Résumé. - Des «ambiguïtés tropicales» apparaissent en discutant de notions convenues, telles que la zone climatique intertropicale (qui met la géographie physique dans l'embarras) ou les Tropiques humides (issus de la géographie humaine). La Chine du sud, région de transition entre climats tropical et tempéré, sert d'exemple pour un aperçu de «géographie climatique», méthode fondée sur le concept de potentiel climatique.
APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES MARKET FOR CONTROLLING RISKS OF COMMODITY PRICES / IŠVESTINIŲ FINANSINIŲ PRIEMONIŲ TAIKYMAS ŽALIAVŲ KAINŲ RIZIKAI VALDYTI
Authors: Drazdauskienė Rasuolė , Stasytytė Viktorija
Published: June 2015

The issue of raw milk procurement cost level and fluctuation which inhibits strengthening negotiating positions of dairy product fabricants and probability of them staying competitive in the European Union, is examined. Scientific literature that analyzes risks of staple prices is overviewed in the article. The paper provides statistical data representing the situation of Lithuania in contrast with European Union rates. Global usage of prospective transactions and their possible influence on price regulation are analyzed. After examining statistical data and academic literature, conclusions are provided. Nagrinėjama žaliavinio pieno supirkimo kainų lygio ir svyravimo problema, neleidžianti stiprinti pieno gamintojų derybinių pozicijų ir išlikti konkurencingiems Europos Sąjungos kontekste. Apžvelgta mokslinė literatūra, nagrinėjanti žaliavų kainų riziką. Pateikti statistiniai duomenys, parodantys Lietuvos situaciją lyginant su Europos Sąjungos rodikliais. Atlikta ateities sandorių panaudojimo pasaulyje analizė. Nustatyta galima ateities sandorių įtaka kainų reguliavimui. Išnagrinėjus statistinius duomenis ir mokslinę literatūrą pateiktos išvados.
ANALYSIS OF LITHUANIAN DIRECT INVESTMENT INTO EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES / LIETUVOS TIESIOGINIŲ INVESTICIJŲ EUROPOS SĄJUNGOS ŠALYSE ANALIZĖ
Authors: Zigmantavičiūtė Evelina , Miečinskienė Algita
Published: June 2015

In this paper the valuation of macroeconomic factors influencing the Lithuanian direct investment into European Union was conducted. The problem of this paper is the different chosen macroeconomic factors influencing foreign direct investment. The object of this paper is Lithuanian direct investment. The methods of this paper include: comparative literature analysis, correlation regression analysis, paired regression analysis. After conducting a research of dependency of Lithuanian direct investment to EU countries from price changes, government sector income, gross domestic product, inflation, jobless rate results, it is found that gross domestic product and government sector income have the most influence on the changes of Lithuanian direct investment.
Straipsnyje atliekamas makroekonominių veiksnių, darančių įtaką Lietuvos tiesioginėms investicijoms Europos Sąjungos šalyse, vertinimas. Straipsnio problema yra skirtingai parenkami makroekonominiai veiksniai, darantys įtaką tiesioginės užsienio investicijos. Straipsnio objektas – Lietuvos tiesioginės investicijos. Straipsnio metodai: sisteminė literatūros analizė, koreliacinė regresinė analizė, porinė regresinė analizė. Atlikus Lietuvos tiesioginių investicijų į ES šalis priklausomybės nuo kainų pokyčių, valdžios sektoriaus pajamų, bendro vidaus produkto, infliacijos, bedarbių skaičiaus tyrimą, paaiškėjo, kad Lietuvos tiesioginių investicijų kitimui didžiausią įtaką daro bendrojo vidaus produkto ir valdžios sektoriaus pajamų kitimai.
A RESEARCH OF PROVISIONS OF THE LITHUANIAN YOUTH MIGRATION / LIETUVOS JAUNIMO MIGRACINIŲ NUOSTATŲ TYRIMAS
Authors: Siniavskaitė Edita , Andriušaitienė Daiva
Published: June 2015

Young people are a very important part of society, on whom the country and people’s welfare depends. Unfortunately, emigration of young people is notable every year because of the present economic, social and financial situations. In the year 2013 because of emigration Lithuania has lost 17.6 thousand of young people of the country‘s population between ages of 14–29 years. Because of youth emigration Lithuania has confronted with social, demographic problems. Our homeland is losing population yearly, rapid aging of the populations noticeable, age structure of the deformations going also birth rates are decreasing because of youth migration, brain drains noticeable. Number of well educated, diligent young people is decreasing, as a result Lithuania often lacks good specialists and there is nobody to replace them. Purpose of this article is to find out what are the reasons for the emigration of young people and to answer the question why young people are emigrating from Lithuania and what would encourage them to stay in their homeland. This article consists of three parts. The first part has dealt with the theoretical aspects of migration, in the second part the article examines the concept of migration of the population, its causes, factors and consequences. The third part of the article carried out the provisions of Lithuanian youth migration study using literature and statistical data. The article ends with conclusions and recommendations. Jaunimas yra labai svarbi visuomenės dalis, nuo kurios priklauso šalies ateitis, tačiau dėl susiklosčiusios ekonominės, socialinės, finansinės padėties kiekvienais metais pastebima jaunimo emigracija. Jau 2013 metais Lietuva neteko17,6 tūkst. jaunų, 14–29 metų amžiaus, šalies gyventojų. Lietuva dėl jaunimo emigracijos susiduria su socialinėmis, demografinėmis problemomis. Tėvynėje kiekvienais metais mažėja gyventojų skaičius, pastebimas spartus gyventojų senėjimas, vyksta amžiaus struktūros deformacija, dėl jaunų žmonių emigracijos mažėja gimstamumas, pastebimas protų nutekėjimas, mažėja jaunų išsilavinusių darbingo amžiaus žmonių, neretai trūksta gerų specialistų. Šio straipsnio tikslas yra išsiaiškinti, kokios yra jaunimo emigracijos priežastys, ir atsakyti į klausimą, kodėl jaunimas emigruoja iš Lietuvos ir kas skatintų juos pasilikti tėvynėje. Šis straipsnis susideda iš trijų dalių: pirmoje straipsnio dalyje nagrinėjami teoriniai migracijos aspektai, antroje dalyje analizuojamos gyventojų migracijos priežastys, veiksniai ir pasekmės. Trečioje dalyje pristatomi Lietuvos jaunimo migracinių nuostatų tyrimai, atlikti remiantis moksliniais literatūros šaltiniais ir statistiniais duomenimis. Straipsnio pabaigoje pateikiamos išvados ir pasiūlymai.
First record of Neoempheria Osten Sacken (Diptera, Mycetophilidae) biology in the Neotropical region, with associations between its larvae and fungi
Authors: Oliveira Sarah , Albertoni Fabiano , Borkent Christopher , Amorim Dalton
Published: June 2015

Members of the family Mycetophilidae (Diptera) have life cycles that are typically associated with fungus. Their biology is relatively well known in the Palaearctic, though other regions are poorly known, and there are no associations recorded between mycetophilid immatures and fungi in the Neotropical region. Here we report the first association between a mycetophilid—Neoempheria puncticoxa Edwards—and fungi in this region. Immatures of N. puncticoxa were collected on fungi and some were reared in the laboratory until adult emergence. The immature stages and adult of N. puncticoxa are described and re-described respectively, and high resolution images and illustrations of the habitus, wings, thorax, male and female terminalia, immatures, and in situ specimens are given.

We report the first association between Mycetophilidae and fungi in the Neotropical region.
La figure de Karl Barth dans le Destin de la Métaphysique
Authors: de Gelis Olric
Published: June 2015

Cette étude veut faire honneur au commentaire puissant que G. Siewerth réserve à la théologie de K. Barth dans son ouvrage Das Schicksal der Metaphysik (1959 ; 1987). Tout en se laissant interroger par la question posée par le thomiste sur l’absence d’une ontologie spéculative chez Barth, elle tente de dégager les lignes de forces d’une autre ontologie, implicitement en vigueur dans la Kirchliche Dogmatik barthienne, et met en lumière le rôle fondamental qu’elle semble y jouer. En s’efforçant d’occuper le lieu où se pose la question de l’être, ce travail tâche ainsi de jeter des ponts entre deux factions de la théologie qui semblent de prime abord condamnées à l’incompréhension réciproque.
Analysis of Choroidal Thickness Using Spectral-Domain OCT in Children With Unilateral Amblyopia
Authors: Kara Ozgur , Altintas Ozgul , Karaman Suleyman , Emre Esra , Caglar Yusuf
Published: June 2015

Purpose:

To compare the subfoveal, parafoveal, and peripapillary choroidal thickness in amblyopic eyes with those of fellow and control eyes.

Methods:

This institutional study involved 114 eyes from 38 patients with unilateral amblyopia and 19 healthy children, aged 6 to 17 years. The cause of amblyopia was identified as hyperopic anisometropia in 17 cases and strabismus in 21 cases. All patients underwent central macular thickness (CMT) and choroidal thickness measurement at seven retinal sites with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). Statistical analysis was performed to compare the CMT and choroidal thickness of amblyopic and fellow eyes with control eyes.

Results:

Average CMT was 248.31 ± 24.18 µm in amblyopic eyes, 249.76 ± 26.08 µm in fellow eyes, and 243.65 ± 31.96 µm in controls (
P
= .604). Average subfoveal choroidal thickness was 394.15 ± 71.03 µm in amblyopic eyes, 356.07 ± 79.93 µm in fellow eyes, and 319.44 ± 87.29 µm in controls (
P
= .000). The choroidal thickness of the subfoveal area and at 750-µm intervals temporal and nasal to the fovea was significantly thicker in amblyopic eyes than in controls (
P
< .05). The choroidal thickness was significantly thicker in amblyopic eyes than in fellow eyes only at 750 µm nasal to the fovea. Type and depth of amblyopia did not differ significantly between foveal or parafoveal choroidal thickness (
P
> .05). There was a significant negative correlation between the nasal peripapillary choroidal thickness and the axial length in the amblyopic eyes (
r
= −0.37,
P
= .022). The choroidal thickness in the peripapillary area was not significantly different in the three groups (
P
> .05).

Conclusions:

This study demonstrated that choroidal thickness can be measured by spectral-domain OCT in children with amblyopia. Subfoveal choroidal thickness in amblyopic eyes was significantly thicker than in control eyes. The amblyopic process may involve the choroid, but not the macula. However, further evaluation is needed.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2015;52(3):159–166.]
Developmental Changes of Normal Pupil Size and Reactivity in Children
Authors: Brown Jacob T. , Connelly Mark , Nickols Caitlin , Neville Kathleen A.
Published: June 2015

Purpose:

The goal of this study was to establish normative values for measurements of quantitative pupillometry in children.

Methods:

Quantitative pupillometry measurements were obtained from children between 1 and 18 years of age being seen for either a well child check or other outpatient appointment.

Results:

Maximum and minimum pupil size increased slightly with age; however, the correlation was weak (
r
= 0.29 and 0.19, respectively). Similarly weak correlations with age also were observed for maximum constriction velocity (
r
= −0.29) and dilation velocity (
r
= 0.27). Maximum (5.56 vs 4.97 mm) and minimum (3.74 vs 3.40 mm) pupil sizes were significantly larger in whites than in African Americans.

Conclusions:

Pupil size and reactivity show little correlation with age and are therefore suitable for further exploration in using pupillometry as a biomarker across the pediatric age range. Differences in race should be taken into consideration when pupillometry is used in mixed populations.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus.
2015:52(3):147–151.]
Topographical variation in lipid content and morphological structure of the blubber in the striped dolphin
Authors: Gómez-Campos Encarna , Borrell Asunción , Correas Jordi , Aguilar Alex
Published: June 2015

We investigate stratification patterns and topographical variations in the blubber of the striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) to gain insights into its regionally-specific functions. We collected blubber from 10 stranded striped dolphins (5 females and 5 males) from the eastern coast of Spain in 2007-2009, at 11 body positions. Histological measurements (adipocyte number and area) and blubber lipid content were analysed for each position. Histological measurements revealed stratification of blubber into outer, middle, and inner layers. Both the adipocyte number and area were largest in the middle layer. The adipocyte number was higher in the outer than the inner layer, whereas the adipocyte area was higher in the inner than the outer layer. The ventral anterior position did not follow this pattern, likely due to its proximity to the acoustic blubber, which is known to have a different biochemical composition. The stratification in morphological blubber characteristics most likely reflects functional differences. The outer layer may provide structural support and act as a mechanical barrier with a minor role in energy storage. The middle layer may be responsible for thermoregulation, and the inner layer could be responsible for energy mobilization, which is favoured by its proximity to the body core and a higher vascularization. In addition, an increasing gradient from dorsal to ventral positions was observed in the mean number of adipocytes and lipid content, with the exception of the caudal region. Although both ventral and dorsal blubber can have insulator and buoyancy functions, the ventral blubber may mainly serve as an energy reserve.
Application of a multi-annual generalized depletion model to the assessment of a data-limited coastal fishery in the western Mediterranean
Authors: Maynou Francesc
Published: June 2015

A multi-annual generalized depletion model was applied to a coastal fishery in Vilanova i la Geltrú (western Mediterranean) to assess the exploitation status of striped red mullet (Mullus surmuletus) and cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis), two of the main target species of Mediterranean small-scale fisheries. It is shown that in data-limited stocks, which is often the case in small-scale fisheries, catch and effort data at high temporal frequency (day, week, month) complemented with biological information and a priori knowledge (mean body weight, natural mortality and period of recruitment to the fishery) can be effectively exploited to produce assessment results applicable to fisheries management. For the two species analysed, the assessment results showed that exploitation rates are high and vulnerable biomass has been decreasing over the last 14 years.
Making Enterprise Recorded Meetings Easy to Discover and Share
Authors: Pan Shimei , Topkara Mercan , Boston Jeff , Wood Steve , Lai Jennifer
Published: June 2015

The prevalence of social content sharing such as video and photo sharing has greatly enhanced information discovery and social interaction over the internet. This has inspired similar efforts within enterprise to encourage collaboration and expertise sharing. Moreover, enterprise web meeting tools increasingly become an important platform for knowledge workers to participate and collaborate remotely. Although these web meetings contain rich enterprise knowledge and are frequently recorded, they are rarely revisited and shared. To encourage enterprise knowledge sharing especially, to facilitate the discovery and sharing of enterprise meetings, we develop an end-to-end enterprise meeting service Agora that manages the full cycle of hosting and sharing recorded web meetings. Agora leverages the functionality of existing enterprise meeting hosting, video sharing and presentation sharing services to build a coherent meeting service. Agora was deployed as a cloud service in a global fortune 500 company which allows its customers to test new collaborative technologies.
Towards Fusion of Textual and Visual Modalities for Describing Audiovisual Documents
Authors: Fourati Manel , Jedidi Anis , Ben Hassin Hanen , Gargouri Faiez
Published: June 2015

Audiovisual documents provide a wide range of content description through more descriptors from different media types. Indeed, the extraction of these descriptions has received an increasing attention. But, the lack of semantic description always persists. In fact, this lack affects the retrieval process. To address this problem, this paper describes an automatic and semantic description of cinematic audiovisual documents. This description is based not only on the audiovisual flux in this post-production phase but also in the documentation in the pre-production phase by using textual and visual modalities. In this context, to extract content description, we find it is essential to extract texts superposed in the image. This process is mainly based on the neural network classifier. Moreover, an effective OCR (Tesseract) is adapted for texts recognition. Experiments results confirmed the interesting performance through two databases, namely, “ICDAR 2011” and our own created database from the Internet Movie Database Imdb.
Design and Manufacturing of Conical Vent Profile Disc Brake
Authors: Arasu S. , Krishnamoorthy A.
Published: June 2015

Braking system is one amongst the foremost vital contact mechanisms in an automobile. The braking potency in automobile depends on the desertion characteristics of the constraint assembly. The heat refusal from the system is proportional to the desertion of brake. This paper aims to bring out producing, testing of conical shape vent profile and studies of existing cooling vent profile heat refusal throughout the braking. This result reduces the thermal and structural stress on the brake plate. The prevailing vehicles brakes has been made from cylindrical vent profiles that in theory has lesser cooling potency because the direction of the air flow .The profile favor to increase the cooling potency by conical shape vent. The vent is reshaped in such some way that the face of the round shape vent is within the direction of air flow throughout vehicle motion that permits a lot of quantity of air to flow across the brake plate. This style changes results to extend the heat convey rate throughout the braking
Design Optimization of Spur and Helical Gear Pairs
Authors: Sudhagar S. , Raman V. Srinivasa
Published: June 2015

Gears are the most common of machine elements and due to that many studies have been conducted on optimum gear design. Gear optimization can be divided into two categories, namely, single gear pair or Gear train optimization. The problem of gear pairs design optimization is difficult to solve because it involves multiple objectives and large number of variables. Hence a trustworthy and resilient optimization technique will be more useful in obtaining an optimal solution for the problems. In the proposed work an effort has been made to optimize spur and helical gear pair design using LINGO and Meta heuristics algorithms like Real Coded Genetic Algorithm (RCGA), Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO).On applying the combined objective function factors like Power, Efficiency is maximized and the overall Weight, Centre distance has been minimized in the model. The performance of the proposed algorithms is validated through test problems and the comparative results are reported.
Thermal and Vibrational Analysis of Cubesat
Authors: Mahesh Babu T.S. , George Koshy Vivek , Bharath D.
Published: June 2015

There has been a recent increase in emphasis on small satellite because of their low cost, short development time’s relative simplicity, and cost efficiency. However, these satellites do have drawback. Their small size results in small surface areas which often translate into thermal and power constraint. A satellite basically any object that revolves around a planet in a circular or elliptical orbit path. nanosatellites are satellites that weigh less than 10Kg. These types of satellites are designed and developed to carry payloads that are much smaller and has a life span not more than 1 year generally. The below analysis is done on a Low Earth Orbiting Satellite.
Optimal Manufacturing Cost and Quality Loss by Reciprocal Exponential Cost-Tolerance Function
Authors: Kumar L. Ramesh , Padmanaban K.P.
Published: June 2015

Specific improvement of a quality of the product and its productivity improvement mainly depend on the designing and fixing of the tolerance of that product. This is done prior to the design stage of the product. Design of tolerance is based on its functional conditions only then its specification for each component in a mechanical system is developed. The finalized tolerance is printed as a drawing (blue print tolerance), inclusive of individual part details, fit and function parameter, critical parameter and design criteria.This paper reveals a new comprehensive and analytical method for fixing an optimal tolerance by worse case limit. This is done to reduce the manufacturing cost and to improve the quality loss of the product by using the expoentional cost function. An example illustrates the proposed model attached with solution method.
Conceptual Design of Iron Box Handles with Ergonomic Aspects
Authors: Balaji B. , Porchilamban S.
Published: June 2015

There is always a need for hand tools and hand operated products that are well designed. Designing a good handle is critical at work, especially when the product is operated for an extended period of time. This paper deals with the iron box used in the garment industry. Prolonged use of this product that is un ergonomically designed would create muscular pain in the wrist and shoulders. Here the handle of this conventional iron box is redesigned with a tilting angle that would minimize stress in the human wrist. Finally this is analysed using RULA (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment) tool in CATIA V5.
Finite Element Analysis and Simulation of Al 7075 Alloy Joints Produced by Friction Stir Welding
Authors: Ramesh R. , Roseline V. Anusha , V. Sivaraman , Mohan R.
Published: June 2015

The present work is mainly carried out to study the distribution of temperature in friction stir welded plate of Aluminium alloy. A 3-D finite element simulation model was developed to predict temperature distribution and residual stress in Friction Stir Welding (FSW) of Al 7075 alloy. The effect of angular velocity of tool, axial load and welding speed on the heat generated between the tool and plate to be welded was investigated. The simulations obtained were based on three factor five level central composite rotatable design. Second order polynomial equations for predicting the temperature was developed. Residual stresses for friction stir welded plates due to thermal cycles were predicted. The maximum temperature developed in friction stir welded plated increases with the increase of rotational speed of tool and axial load where as it decreases with increase in welding speed.
Fatigue Analysis of Forward Fuselage under Dynamic Conditions
Authors: Boniface V. Abraham , Rijul Raj A. Joseph
Published: June 2015

The fuselage is one of the main component in aircraft to carry payload and passenger. The fuselage enclosed with high weight structure. The fuselage is hollow tube which holds all parts of the airplane together. The shape of the fuselage based on the mission of the aircraft. A supersonic fighter plane will be having streamlined fuselage to reduce the drag force enclosed with high speed flight and similarly the shape vary depend on the velocity. The design of fuselage is very complicated for designers because it takes about 60% of total weight of the aircraft and the contribution of fuselage towards performance and the stability is very decent. This paper investigates the fatigue behavior of the fuselage under dynamic equilibrium state made of both aluminum alloy and Kevlar composite. Those results can be applied to optimize the fuselage structure thereby the better structure can be made.
Determination of Fracture Behavior under Biaxial Loading of Kevlar 149
Authors: Manigandan S.
Published: June 2015

The high crystalline fiber Kevlar 149 has a major industrial application and it is extensively used in aerospace industries due to its significant properties of ultra-high modulus, high strength, low density, high flame resistance. Kevlar 149 has an advantage over K 49, since it absorbs less moisture and has high compression strength [3]. In order to explore the vast application, this paper investigates the fracture response of the Kevlar material computationally, when they are subjected to biaxial loading in both tensile and compression. This loading is done to understand the response of the Kevlar how far they poor in compression and rich in tensile. The fiber induced with epoxy is to form as an effective reinforcement. Here the fiber taken as Kevlar 149 & K-49 and the epoxy resin. For easy understanding a sample of two flat plates is considered as a composite structure of standard size, which under goes the biaxial loading computationally using Abaqus/CAE. The pictorial data’s are taken from the post processing study and the data’s can be used to investigate the fracture mechanism of Kevlar 149 & K-49, under different types of strain loading. The output results of Kevlar 149 is compared with K-49 to analyze the behavior of fiber undergoes the biaxial loading both compressive and tensile and also the merits and effective utilization of K-149. It is suggested that this method can be applied to other type of composite materials.
Computational Investigation of High Velocity Ballistic Impact Test on Kevlar 149
Authors: Manigandan S.
Published: June 2015

The Kevlar is an organic high crystalline fiber belonging to the aromatic polyamide family extensively used for its strength. Kevlar fiber posses high cut resistance and flame resistance, hence they have a wide range of application in ballistic and defense [2]. This paper investigates how K-149 behaves mechanically under sudden high velocity impact, it also shows which types of Kevlar grade hold the maximum impact stiffness capacity. In addition it also predicts the stress induced on the specimen at the time of impact. The ballistic impact object considered as 9mm standard size bullet used in short gun. The assumed velocity for these cases is 650m/s. The specimens K-149 & k-49 taken to be rectangle with the standard size 50 mm x 50 mm. The computational analysis done on Kevlar 49 & 149 and the results have been compared with the help of the pictorial representation of post processing abaqus results and the best ballistic material can be chosen. This paper also provided the recommended research data to fill the technology gap in defense material science.
Wastage Reduction through Lean Manufacturing in Head Lamp Casing Manufacturing Process
Authors: Krishnan P.V. , Vijaya Ramnath B. , Maran K. , Kesavan R.
Published: June 2015

In Case Industry motorcycles models Head lamp casing is made up of Aluminium and it is manufactured by gravity pressure die casting (GDC) process. The rejections rate and cycle time are very high. These results in frequent line stoppage due to the shortage of Head lamp casing. Hence we have decided to proceed with some other process for the manufacturing of head lamp casing, since the existing GDC process has some limitations it cannot be improved further. To move with other process, we have studied sheet metal, in which our head lamp casing design is so complicated and process would be more tedious. Moreover aesthetics look of the head lamp casing will be affected. So we progressed with other die casting process. We have studied pressure die casting (PDC) process first, but in PDC, head lamp casing cannot be manufactured two halves, due to the size of our head lamp casing. Hence we proceeded with low pressure die casting (LPDC) process, in which sand cores are made and thru which Head lamp casing are manufactured. To move with LPDC process, the present supplier base is not feasible. Hence we decided to move with an alternate source for LPDC process. Three LPDC manufacturing suppliers were shortlisted. Among the three suppliers, based on the quality, cost and delivery time, one supplier is approved. Approved supplier is permitted for die making and manufacturing head lamp casing after the product and process audit. Once die manufacturing is completed, samples were taken and tried out at our end. The new LPDC head lamp casing is found ok and hence rejections at supplier end had minimised and rework at our end had eliminated. These results in eliminating the dispatch constraints and thus our motto of avoiding line stoppage due to the shortage of head lamp casing are eliminated.
Selection of Manufacturing Method Using Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Venkatraman K. , Vijaya Ramnath B. , Sarvesh R. , Rohit Prasanna C.
Published: June 2015

The selection of a manufacturing method for developing new products with optimal quality, minimal cost in the shortest time possible is a important phase of the industry. This paper uses artificial neural network to facilitate for product manufacturing method selection. Initially, general sorting is employed to select an initial product platform. Then using repertory grids method, designers contribute importance ratings to the design options. These ratings are employed to reduce the number of the derived design options, and thereby used as input data to a neural network. The neural network is then trained by using Levenberg-Marquart Algorithm in Mat lab software. The trained neural network is applied to classify the set of options into different patterns. The classification results can subsequently serve as base for the screening of preferred manufacturing options.
Tensile Properties of Natural Fiber Reinforced Polymers: An Overview
Authors: Arputhabalan Jeswin , Palanikumar K.
Published: June 2015

This paper deals with tensile properties of natural fiber reinforced polymer composites. Natural fibers have recently found increasing use in various fields as an alternative to synthetic fiber reinforced polymers. Due to this they have become attractive to engineers, researchers and scientists. Natural fibers are replacing conventional fibers such as glass, aramid and carbon due to their eco-friendly nature, lesser cost, good mechanical properties, better specific strength, bio-degradability and non-abrasive characteristics. The adhesion between the fibers and the matrix highly influence the tensile properties of both thermoset and thermoplastic natural fiber reinforced polymer composites. In order to enhance the tensile properties by improving the strength of fiber and matrix bond many chemical modifications are normally employed. In most cases the tensile strengths of natural fiber reinforced polymer composites are found to increase with higher fiber content, up to a maximum level and then drop, whereas the Young’s modulus continuously increases with increasing fiber loading. It has been experimentally found that tensile strength and Young’s modulus of reinforced composites increased with increase in fiber content [1].
Identification of Damage for a Single and Double Edge Cracks in a Laminated Composite Beam by Using Harmonic Analysis
Authors: Ramanamurthy E.V.V.
Published: June 2015

Composite structures are used in many critical engineering applications. In the recent times the research has been increased to identify the damage through the vibrational characteristics of the structure. There have been many theoretical and analytical studies on detection of damage involving analysis of the measured modal parameters, mainly the frequencies. The main objective of this paper is to use coupled response techniques for detecting damages in laminated composite cantilever beams with edge cracks using theoretical harmonic analysis. One method to observe the coupled modes is through the emergence of extra new peaks on a frequency response function plot that can be obtained by using standard vibration testing tools. An attempt has been made to develop a methodology by using coupled response measurements and this will happen to appear only when the structural member contains damage. Therefore, the coupled response can be used to monitor and it can be used to determine the damage existence. The frequency response plots are the only possible method to observe coupled response. The new resonance peaks are correlated to the coupled modes and the appearance of these peaks is the damage identification. The finite element analysis software application package ANSYS 12.0 has been used to obtain the new resonance peaks by using harmonic analysis of undamaged and damaged structures to enable comparisons that throw light on the presence of damages in the structure.
Processing and Mechanical Property Evaluation of Flax-Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites
Authors: Ramesh M. , Sudharsan P. , Palanikumar K.
Published: June 2015

In the fast developing world, the concern for the environmental pollution and the prevention of non-renewable and non-biodegradable resources has attracted researchers seeking to develop new eco-friendly materials and products based on sustainability principles. The fibers from the natural sources provide indisputable advantages over synthetic reinforcement materials such as low cost, low density, non-toxicity, comparable strength, and minimum waste disposal problems. In the present experimental study, flax and glass fibers reinforced epoxy composites are prepared and the mechanical properties of these composites are evaluated. The samples were subjected to the mechanical testing such as tensile, flexural and impact loading. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis is carried out to evaluate fiber matrix interfaces and analyze the structure of the fractured surfaces.