bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications of Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion in Lung Transplantation: Potential Benefits and Inherent Limitations
Authors: Yu Jing , Zhang Nan , Zhang Zhiyuan , Li Yuping , Gao Jiameng , Chen Chang , Wen Zongmei
Published: December 2022

Ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP), a technique in which isolated lungs are continually ventilated and perfused at normothermic temperature, is emerging as a promising platform to optimize donor lung quality and increase the lung graft pool. Over the past few decades, the EVLP technique has become recognized as a significant achievement and gained much attention in the field of lung transplantation. EVLP has been demonstrated to be an effective platform for various targeted therapies to optimize donor lung function before transplantation. Additionally, some physical parameters during EVLP and biological markers in the EVLP perfusate can be used to evaluate graft function before transplantation and predict posttransplant outcomes. However, despite its advantages, the clinical practice of EVLP continuously encounters multiple challenges associated with both intrinsic and extrinsic limitations. It is of utmost importance to address the advantages and disadvantages of EVLP for its broader clinical usage. Here, the pros and cons of EVLP are comprehensively discussed, with a focus on its benefits and potential approaches for overcoming the remaining limitations. Directions for future research to fully explore the clinical potential of EVLP in lung transplantation are also discussed.
Capturing long-tailed individual tree diversity using an airborne multi-temporal hierarchical model
Authors: Weinstein Ben G. , Marconi Sergio , Graves Sarah J , Zare Alina , Singh Aditya , Bohlman Stephanie A , Magee Lukas , Johnson Daniel J. , Townsend Phillip A. , White Ethan P.
Published: December 2022

Measuring forest biodiversity using terrestrial surveys is expensive and can only capture common species abundance in large heterogeneous landscapes. In contrast, combining airborne imagery with computer vision can generate individual tree data at the scales of hundreds of thousands of trees. To train computer vision models, ground-based species labels are combined with airborne reflectance data. Due to the difficulty of finding rare species in a large landscape, the majority of classification models only include the most abundant species, leading to biased predictions at broad scales. Extending classification models to include rare species requires targeted data collection and algorithmic improvements to overcome large data imbalances between dominant and rare taxa. In addition, large landscapes often require multiple acquisition events, leading to significant within-species variation in reflectance spectra. Using a multi-temporal hierarchical model, we demonstrate the ability to include species predicted at less than 1% frequency in landscape without losing performance on the dominant species. The final model has over 75% accuracy for 14 species with improved rare species classification compared to a baseline deep learning model. After filtering out dead trees, we generate landscape species maps of individual crowns for over 670,000 individual trees at the Ordway Swisher Biological Station within the National Ecological Observatory Network. We estimate the relative abundance of the species within the landscape and provide three measures of uncertainty to generate a range of counts for each species. These maps provide the first estimates of canopy tree diversity within NEON sites to include rare species and provide a blueprint for capturing tree diversity using airborne computer vision at broad scales.
The nutrient-sensing GCN2 signaling pathway is essential for circadian clock function by regulating histone acetylation under amino acid starvation
Authors: Liu Xiaolan , Yang Yulin , Hu Yue , Wu Jingjing , Han Chuqiao , Gan Xihui , Lu Qiaojia , Qi Shaohua , Guo Jinhu , He Qun , Liu Yi , Liu Xiao
Published: December 2022

Circadian clocks are evolved to adapt to the daily environment changes under different conditions. The ability to maintain circadian clock functions in response to various stress and perturbations is important for organismal fitness. Here, we show that the nutrient sensing GCN2 signaling pathway is required for robust circadian clock function under amino acid starvation inNeurospora. The deletion of GCN2 pathway components disrupts rhythmic transcription of clock genefrqby suppressing WC complex binding at thefrqpromoter due to its reduced histone H3 acetylation levels. Under amino acid starvation, the activation of GCN2 kinase and its downstream transcription factor CPC-1 establish a proper chromatin state at thefrqpromoter by recruiting the histone acetyltransferase GCN-5. The arrhythmic phenotype of the GCN2 kinase mutants under amino acid starvation can be rescued by inhibiting histone deacetylation. Finally, genome-wide transcriptional analysis indicates that the GCN2 signaling pathway maintains robust rhythmic expression of metabolic genes under amino acid starvation. Together, these results uncover an essential role of GCN2 signaling pathway in maintaining robust circadian clock function in response to amino acid starvation and the importance of histone acetylation at thefrqlocus in rhythmic gene expression.
Resurrection of plant disease resistance proteins via helper NLR bioengineering
Authors: Contreras Mauricio P. , Pai Hsuan , Selvaraj Muniyandi , Toghani AmirAli , Lawson David M. , Tumtas Yasin , Duggan Cian , Yuen Enoch Lok Him , Stevenson Clare E. M. , Harant Adeline , Maqbool Abbas , Wu Chih-Hang , Bozkurt Tolga O. , Kamoun Sophien , Derevnina Lida
Published: December 2022

Parasites counteract host immunity by suppressing helper NLR proteins that function as central nodes in immune receptor networks. Understanding the mechanisms of immunosuppression can lead to strategies for bioengineering disease resistance. Here, we show that a cyst nematode virulence effector binds and inhibits oligomerization of the helper NLR protein NRC2 by physically preventing intramolecular rearrangements required for activation. A single amino acid polymorphism at the binding interface between NRC2 and the inhibitor is sufficient for this helper NLR to evade immune suppression, thereby restoring the activity of multiple disease resistance genes. This points to a novel strategy for resurrecting disease resistance in crop genomes.

One sentence summary

A helper NLR is mutated to evade inhibition by a parasite effector.
Mechanical forces across compartments coordinate cell shape and fate transitions to generate tissue architecture
Authors: Villeneuve Clémentine , Hashmi Ali , Ylivinkka Irene , Lawson-Keister Elizabeth , Miroshnikova Yekaterina A. , Pérez-González Carlos , Yadav Bhagwan , Zhang Tao , Vignjevic Danijela Matic , Mikkola Marja L. , Manning M. Lisa , Wickström Sara A.
Published: December 2022

Morphogenesis and cell state transitions must be coordinated in time and space to produce a functional tissue. An excellent paradigm to understand the coupling of these processes is mammalian hair follicle development, initiated by the formation of an epithelial invagination - termed placode – that coincides with the emergence of a designated hair follicle stem cell population. The mechanisms directing the deformation of the epithelium, cell state transitions, and physical compartmentalization of the placode are unknown. Here, we identify a key role for coordinated mechanical forces stemming from contractile, proliferative, and proteolytic activities across the epithelial and mesenchymal compartments in generating the placode structure. A ring of fibroblast cells gradually wraps around the placode cells to generate centripetal contractile forces, which in collaboration with polarized epithelial myosin activity promote elongation and local tissue thickening. These mechanical stresses further enhance and compartmentalize Sox9 expression to promote stem cell positioning. Subsequently, proteolytic remodeling locally softens the basement membrane to facilitate release of pressure on the placode, enabling localized cell divisions, tissue fluidification, and epithelial invagination into the underlying mesenchyme. Together, our experiments and modeling identify dynamic cell shape transformations and tissue-scale mechanical co-operation as key factors for orchestrating organ formation.
Consumer adoption of blockchain food traceability: effects of innovation-adoption characteristics, expertise in food traceability and blockchain technology, and segmentation
Authors: Wang Ou , Scrimgeour Frank
Published: December 2022

Purpose

This study explores the influence of the following factors on consumer adoption of blockchain food traceability (BFT): innovation-adoption characteristics, segmentation, expertise in food traceability, expertise in blockchain technology, food categorical preferences and perceived important features of BFT.

Design/methodology/approach

The data was collected via an online questionnaire with 1,401 participants in New Zealand. Exploratory factor analysis, structural equation modelling and segmentation analysis were undertaken.

Findings

Consumer adoption of blockchain food traceability was significantly influenced by two innovation-adoption characteristics – perceived incentives and perceived complexity, as well as their expertise in food traceability. Two consumer segments were identified: Conservatives (48%) and Pioneers (52%). Significant differences were found between these two segments in terms of gender, age, education, occupation, residential area and ethnicity. Consumers are more willing to use BFT for purchasing fresh, imported, staple and normal foods than for processed, domestic and upscale foods. Their perceived important specific features of BFT are product origin, food safety information, quality control, food safety information, hygienic condition and scarcity management.

Originality/value

This study contributes knowledge to address the current knowledge gap regarding consumer adoption of blockchain food traceability by using a large sample set. It is also the first study to recognise consumer segments for BFT; to provide information about consumers' important socio-demographic characteristics, food categorical preferences and perceived important features towards BFT; and to explore the influences of consumers' innovation-adoption characteristics, expertise in food traceability and expertise in blockchain technology on their adoption of blockchain food traceability.
Health promoting behaviors and associated factors among older adults: a narrative review
Authors: Rababa Mohammad , Al-Ali Nahla , Shaman Ayat
Published: December 2022

Purpose

This study aims to examine the recent literature on health-promoting behavior, health needs and associated factors among older adults.

Design/methodology/approach

An massive search of five databases involving documents in the past decade was commenced.

Findings

This review showed a significant relationship between older adults’ demographic characteristics (marital status, income, chronic disease, education level and smoking status) and health-promoting behaviors. This review showed that older adults with a high level of education, high income, chronic diseases and smoker and married older adults are associated with better health-promoting behaviors.

Originality/value

The result of the current review supports the Pender Health Promotion Model that individual personal characteristics can affect the level of engagement in health-promoting behaviors. Assessing the health-promoting behaviors of older adults can help in identifying their health needs.
The effect of subclinic thyroid pathologies on erythropoietine dose in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Onan Engin , Yasar Mehmet , Soysal Busra , Paydas Saime
Published: December 2022

Purpose

The effect of subclinical thyroid pathologies on erythropoietin (EPO) treatment has not been well defined. The aim of the study is to compare the frequency and dose of EPO administration in patients with subclinical thyroid pathology and euthyroid hemodialysis patients.

Methods

A cross‐sectional and retrospective study was conducted with 210 patients. Special conditions were excluded, a total of 191 patients were included. Patients were divided into three groups.

Results

The incidences of subclinical hypothyroidism, subclinical hyperthyroidism and euthyroidism were 10.5%, 3.1%, and 86.4%, respectively. Statistically significant difference was found between subclinical hypothyroid and euthyroid patients in terms of the number of patients using EPO (p = 0.0207), monthly total EPO doses (p = 0.003), and total monthly EPO doses per weight (p = 0.001).

Conclusion

The EPO dose required to achieve similar hemoglobin levels in hemodialysis patients was significantly higher in subclinical hypothyroid patients than in euthyroid patients.
What are the determinants of financial well‐being? A Bayesian LASSO approach
Authors: Lacombe Donald J. , Khatun Nasima
Published: December 2022

The financial well‐being (FWB) of individuals is a topic that is becoming increasingly important across a multitude of disciplines. In this study, we use the 2016 National Financial Well‐Being Survey administered by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau to assess the determinants of an individual's FWB. We identify 144 potential covariates that could explain variation in the FWB score of individuals. The statistical methodology of choice is the Bayesian LASSO, which is a covariate selection algorithm that also allows for the importance ranking of covariates. Out of the 144 potential covariates, we find that 26 have 95% credible intervals that do not contain zero. Broadly speaking, the results show that objective measures of financial competency and psychological and sociological factors contribute the bulk of the explanatory power that help explain an individual's FWB score.
Explore your brain: A randomized controlled trial into the effectiveness of a growth mindset intervention with psychosocial and psychophysiological components
Authors: Janssen Tieme W. P. , van Atteveldt Nienke
Published: December 2022

Background

Although past research demonstrated growth mindset interventions to improve school outcomes, effects were small. This may be due to the theoretical nature of psychosocial techniques (e.g., reading about brain plasticity), which may not be optimally convincing for students.

Aims

To address this issue and improve effectiveness, we developed a growth mindset intervention, which combined psychosocial and psychophysiological components. The latter adds a convincing experience of influencing one's own brain activity, using mobile electroencephalography (EEG) neurofeedback, emphasizing the controllable and malleable nature of one's brain.

Sample

In this randomized controlled trial (RCT), twenty high‐school classes (N = 439) were randomized to either the active control condition (no mindset messaging) or our newly developed growth mindset intervention condition (4 × 50 min).

Methods

School outcomes (pre, post, 1‐year follow‐up) were analysed with Linear Mixed Models (LMM: variable‐oriented) and Latent Transition Analysis (LTA: person‐oriented).

Results

LMM: students in the growth mindset intervention reported increased growth mindset directly after the intervention (post, d = .38) and at 1‐year follow‐up (d = .25) and demonstrated a protective effect against deterioration of math grades at 1‐year follow‐up (d = .36), compared to controls. LTA: we identified three mindset profiles (Fixed, Growth competitive, Growth non‐competitive), with more frequent transitions from fixed to one of the growth mindset profiles at 1‐year follow‐up for students in the growth mindset intervention compared to controls (OR 2.58–2.68).

Conclusions

Compared to previous studies, we found relatively large effects of our intervention on growth mindset and math grades, which may be attributable to synergetic effects of psychosocial and psychophysiological (neurofeedback) components. The person‐oriented approach demonstrated more holistic effects, involving multiple motivational constructs.
Addressing health inequalities in diabetes through research: Recommendations from DiabetesUK's 2022 health inequalities in diabetes workshop
Authors: Chan Jodie , Blane David , Choudhary Pratik , Chowdhury Tahseen A. , Goyal Aaliya , Hanif Wasim , Jacca Joyce , Mathur Rohini , Misra Shivani , Ocran Nana , Rutter Martin K. , Studley Ruth , Treweek Shaun , Valabhji Jonathan , Khunti Kamlesh
Published: December 2022

Aims

To develop a position statement which identifies research priorities to address health inequalities in diabetes and provides recommendations to researchers and research funders on how best to conduct research in these areas.

Methods

A two‐day research workshop was conducted bringing together research experts in diabetes, research experts in health inequalities, healthcare professionals and people living with diabetes.

Results

The following key areas were identified as needing increased focus:

How can we improve patient and public involvement and engagement to make diabetes research more inclusive of and relevant to diverse communities?

How can we improve research design so that the people who could benefit most are represented?

How can we use theories from implementation science to facilitate the uptake of research findings into routine practice to reach the populations with highest need?

How can we collate and evaluate local innovation projects and disseminate best practice around tackling health inequalities in diabetes?

How can we best collect and use data to address health inequalities in diabetes, including the harnessing of real‐world and routinely collected data?

How could research funders allocate funds to best address health inequalities in diabetes?

How do we ensure the research community is representative of the general population?

Conclusions

This position statement outlines recommendations to address the urgent need to tackle health inequalities in diabetes through research and calls on the diabetes research community to act upon these recommendations to ensure future research works to eliminate unfair and avoidable disparities in health.
Evolution and development of the mammalian jaw joint: Making a novel structure
Authors: Anthwal Neal , Tucker Abigail S.
Published: December 2022

A jaw joint between the squamosal and dentary is a defining feature of mammals and is referred to as the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in humans. Driven by changes in dentition and jaw musculature, this new joint evolved early in the mammalian ancestral lineage and permitted the transference of the ancestral jaw joint into the middle ear. The fossil record demonstrates the steps in the cynodont lineage that led to the acquisition of the TMJ, including the expansion of the dentary bone, formation of the coronoid process, and initial contact between the dentary and squamosal. From a developmental perspective, the components of the TMJ form through tissue interactions of muscle and skeletal elements, as well as through interaction between the jaw and the cranial base, with the signals involved in these interactions being both biomechanical and biochemical. In this review, we discuss the development of the TMJ in an evolutionary context. We describe the evolution of the TMJ in the fossil record and the development of the TMJ in embryonic development. We address the formation of key elements of the TMJ and how knowledge from developmental biology can inform our understanding of TMJ evolution.
Quantitative proteomic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid from patients with idiopathic facial nerve palsy
Authors: Masouris Ilias , Klein Matthias , Angele Barbara , Groß Birgit , Goswami Neha , Mashood Fathima , Gesell Salazar Manuela , Schubert Sören , Pfister Hans‐Walter , Koedel Uwe , Schmidt Frank
Published: December 2022

Background and purpose

Idiopathic facial palsy (IFP) accounts for over 60% of peripheral facial palsy (FP) cases. The cause of IFP remains to be determined. Possible etiologies are nerve swelling due to inflammation and/or viral infection. In this study, we applied an integrative mass spectrometry approach to identify possibly altered protein patterns in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of IFP patients.

Methods

We obtained CSF samples from 34 patients with FP. In four patients, varicella‐zoster virus was the cause (VZV‐FP). Among the 30 patients diagnosed with IFP, 17 had normal CSF parameters, five had slightly elevated CSF cell counts and normal or elevated CSF protein, and eight had normal CSF cell counts but elevated CSF protein. Five patients with primary headache served as controls. All samples were tested for viral pathogens by PCR and subjected to liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and bioinformatics analysis and multiplex cytokine/chemokine arrays.

Results

All CSF samples, except those from VZV‐FP patients, were negative for all tested pathogens. The protein composition of CSF samples from IFP patients with normal CSF was comparable to controls. IFP patients with elevated CSF protein showed dysregulated proteins involved in inflammatory pathways, findings which were similar to those in VZV‐FP patients. Multiplex analysis revealed similarly elevated cytokine levels in the CSF of IFP patients with elevated CSF protein and VZV‐FP.

Conclusions

Our study revealed a subgroup of IFP patients with elevated CSF protein that showed upregulated inflammatory pathways, suggesting an inflammatory/infectious cause. However, no evidence for an inflammatory cause was found in IFP patients with normal CSF.
Significant increase in natural disturbance impacts on European forests since 1950
Authors: Patacca Marco , Lindner Marcus , Lucas‐Borja Manuel Esteban , Cordonnier Thomas , Fidej Gal , Gardiner Barry , Hauf Ylva , Jasinevičius Gediminas , Labonne Sophie , Linkevičius Edgaras , Mahnken Mats , Milanovic Slobodan , Nabuurs Gert‐Jan , Nagel Thomas A. , Nikinmaa Laura , Panyatov Momchil , Bercak Roman , Seidl Rupert , Ostrogović Sever Masa Zorana , Socha Jaroslaw , Thom Dominik , Vuletic Dijana , Zudin Sergey , Schelhaas Mart‐Jan
Published: December 2022

Over the last decades, the natural disturbance is increasingly putting pressure on European forests. Shifts in disturbance regimes may compromise forest functioning and the continuous provisioning of ecosystem services to society, including their climate change mitigation potential. Although forests are central to many European policies, we lack the long‐term empirical data needed for thoroughly understanding disturbance dynamics, modeling them, and developing adaptive management strategies. Here, we present a unique database of >170,000 records of ground‐based natural disturbance observations in European forests from 1950 to 2019. Reported data confirm a significant increase in forest disturbance in 34 European countries, causing on an average of 43.8 million m3 of disturbed timber volume per year over the 70‐year study period. This value is likely a conservative estimate due to under‐reporting, especially of small‐scale disturbances. We used machine learning techniques for assessing the magnitude of unreported disturbances, which are estimated to be between 8.6 and 18.3 million m3/year. In the last 20 years, disturbances on average accounted for 16% of the mean annual harvest in Europe. Wind was the most important disturbance agent over the study period (46% of total damage), followed by fire (24%) and bark beetles (17%). Bark beetle disturbance doubled its share of the total damage in the last 20 years. Forest disturbances can profoundly impact ecosystem services (e.g., climate change mitigation), affect regional forest resource provisioning and consequently disrupt long‐term management planning objectives and timber markets. We conclude that adaptation to changing disturbance regimes must be placed at the core of the European forest management and policy debate. Furthermore, a coherent and homogeneous monitoring system of natural disturbances is urgently needed in Europe, to better observe and respond to the ongoing changes in forest disturbance regimes.
Characterization of the file‐specific heat‐treated ProTaper Ultimate rotary system
Authors: Martins Jorge N. R. , Silva Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal , Marques Duarte , Ajuz Natasha , Rito Pereira Mário , Pereira da Costa Rui , Braz Fernandes Francisco Manuel , Versiani Marco Aurélio
Published: December 2022

Aim

To compare design, metallurgy and mechanical performance of the ProTaper (PT) Ultimate system with instruments of similar dimensions from the ProGlider, PT Gold and PT Universal systems.

Methodology

New PT Ultimate instruments (n = 248) were compared with instruments of similar dimensions from ProGlider (n = 31), PT Gold (n = 155) and PT Universal (n = 155) systems regarding their number of spirals, helical angle, blade symmetry, tip geometry, surface finishing, nickel/titanium ratio, phase transformation temperatures and mechanical performance. One‐way anova and nonparametric Mood's median tests were used for statistical comparison (α = 5%).

Results

All instruments had symmetrical blades without radial lands or flat sides, similar surface finishing and an almost equiatomic nickel/titanium ratio, whilst the number of spirals, helical angles and the tip geometry were different. PT Ultimate instruments showed 3 distinct heat treatments that matched with the colour of their metal wire. Slider and ProGlider instruments had similar R‐phase start (Rs) and R‐phase finish (Rf) temperatures. SX, F1, F2, F3 and Shaper instruments showed equivalent heat treatments (Rs ~45.6°C and Rf ~28.3°C) that were similar to their PT Gold counterparts (Rs ~47.9°C and Rf ~28.2°C), but completely distinct to the PT Universal ones (Rs ~16.2°C and Rf ~−18.2°C). Amongst the PT Ultimate instruments, the lowest maximum torques were observed in the SX (0.44 N cm), Slider (0.45 N cm) and Shaper (0.60 N cm) instruments, whilst the highest was noted in the FXL (4.90 N cm). PT Ultimate Slider and ProGlider had similar torsional (~0.40 N cm) and bending loads (~145.0 gf) (p = 1.000), whilst the other PT Ultimate instruments showed statistically significantly lower maximum torque, higher angle of rotation and lower bending load (higher flexibility) than their counterparts of the PT Universal and PT Gold systems.

Conclusions

The PT Ultimate system comprises instruments with 3 distinct heat treatments that showed similar phase transformation temperatures to their heat‐treated analogues. PT Ultimate instruments presented lower torsional strength and superior flexibility than their counterparts, whilst maximum torque, angle of rotation and bending loads progressively increased with their sizes.
Ceramic tiles coated with Zr‐Ag co‐doped TiO2 thin film for indoor air purifying and antimicrobial applications
Authors: Taechasirivichai Kamonsasarat , Chiarakorn Siriluk , Chawengkijwanich Chamorn , Pongprayoon Thirawudh , Chuangchote Surawut
Published: December 2022

In this study, Zr‐Ag co‐doped TiO2 (ZAT) photocatalyst films having varied numbers of layers (1, 2, 3, and 4) have been developed to coat on ceramic tile substrates by sol‐gel spin coating technique. The specimens were tested to determine antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and the capability to degrade gaseous formaldehyde under visible light. X‐ray diffraction, ultraviolet and visible absorption spectroscopy, water contact angle, and scanning electron microscopy were applied to characterize the structural and morphological properties of the samples. The photocatalytic reactivity of the nanocomposite films was investigated by the decolorization of methylene blue (MB) dye under visible light irradiation. The results showed that the two‐layer ZAT photocatalyst film on ceramic tile exhibited the highest photocatalytic decolorization of MB, with 60.36% efficiency. The ZAT tile had formaldehyde degradation efficiency up to 32.74% within only 6 h under visible light irradiation, higher than that of the bare ceramic tile (4.90%). Additionally, the ZAT thin films could enhance anti‐E. coli activity and could be capable of degrading air pollution.
Peri‐implant crevicular fluid and serum levels of soluble ST2 in peri‐implant diseases: A pilot study
Authors: Ozgur Engin , Topcu Deniz Ilhan , Bayraktar Nilufer , Alptekin Nilgun Ozlem
Published: December 2022

Background and Objective

Soluble ST2 (sST2) is a current biomarker of cardiovascular disease. It is used to predict susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases and to analyze their prognosis. Serum sST2 level increases in inflammatory diseases such as periodontitis. However, the level of sST2 in peri‐implant diseases and crevicular fluid has not been investigated yet. Thus, the aim of this cross‐sectional study is to analyze the level of sST2 in peri‐implant health and diseases.

Methods

Sixty‐nine participants were divided into 3 groups as peri‐implant health (PH), peri‐implant mucositis (PM), and peri‐implantitis (P‐I). Peri‐implant crevicular fluid (PICF) and serum samples were collected from each participant. The levels of sST2 and IL‐6 in PICF and sST2, IL‐6, and CRP in serum were compared between the groups. Pocket depth (PD), modified bleeding index (mBI), modified plaque index (mPI), keratinized mucosa index (KTW), and gingival/mucosal recession (REC) were recorded as clinical parameters. Biomarkers in the serum and PICF were analyzed by ELISA kit.

Results

Sixty‐nine patients were included in the study. The differences in the following parameters were statistically significant between groups: age (p = .009), implant function time (p = .027), PD (p < .001), mBI (p < .001), mPI (p < .001), and KTW (p = .043). The PICF volume of P‐I and PM groups were statistically higher than PH (p < .001). The amount of sST2 in P‐I and PM groups were higher than PH (p = .043). Serum CRP was higher in the P‐I group than in other groups (p = .034). There were no significant differences in serum sST2 (p = .247) and IL‐6 (p = .110) levels between groups.

Conclusion

The PICF levels of sST2 were significantly higher in PM and P‐I groups compared to the healthy group. However, no significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of serum sST2 level.
Dismantling and reorganizingPseudomonas marginalissensu lato
Authors: Sawada Hiroyuki , Fujikawa Takashi , Satou Mamoru
Published: December 2022

Until recently, it had been a common practice in the field of plant disease control to identify bacterial strains with the following characteristics asPseudomonas marginalis: fluorescent; oxidase‐, potato soft rot‐ and arginine dihydrolase‐positive; soft rot‐causing (here referred to asP.marginalissensu lato). In contrast, as phylogenetic and genomic analyses have been introduced into the bacterial taxonomy, it became clear thatP.marginalissensu lato is heterogeneous, suggesting that it might be a species complex containing many cryptic species. Therefore, a preliminary survey was performed targeting theP.marginalissensu lato strains preserved in the NARO (National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Japan) Genebank to sort these into strains corresponding toP.marginalissensu stricto (i.e., strains that would be included in the same species range as the type strain ofP.marginalis) and strains that might not fit this category. Since then, attempts have been made to examine the taxonomic affiliations of the latter by using a polyphasic approach. As a result, some strains were proven to differ from any known species and are described as the following novel species:Pseudomonas kitaguniensis,Pseudomonas allii,Pseudomonas cyclaminis,Pseudomonas petroselini,Pseudomonas brassicae,Pseudomonas lactucae,Pseudomonas aegrilactucaeandPseudomonas morbosilactucae. In this article, the profiles of each of these novel species and a scheme for their identification are briefly introduced. In addition to the problem of cryptic species, reorganizingP.marginalissensu lato still faces various challenges, which we discuss.
Comparison of Pharmacokinetics of the GalNAc-Conjugated Antisense Oligonucleotide GSK3389404 in Participants with Chronic Hepatitis B Infection across the Asia-Pacific Region
Authors: Han Kelong , Ito Hiroshi , Elston Robert , Cremer Jennifer , Hood Steve , Paff Melanie , Theodore Dickens
Published: December 2022

GSK3389404, an N-acetyl galactosamine-conjugated antisense oligonucleotide (ASO), was in clinical development for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) treatment. Few studies have examined ASOs in Asian participants.
An Ultra-Sensitive
Comamonas thiooxidans
Biosensor for the Rapid Detection of Enzymatic Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Degradation
Authors: Dierkes Robert F. , Wypych Alan , Pérez-García Pablo , Danso Dominik , Chow Jennifer , Streit Wolfgang R.
Published: December 2022

Plastics and microplastics accumulate in all ecological niches. The construction of more sensitive biosensors allows to monitor and screen potential PET degradation in natural environments and industrial samples.
Herpes Simplex Virus 1-Induced Ferroptosis Contributes to Viral Encephalitis
Authors: Xu Xi-Qiu , Xu Tongran , Ji Wenting , Wang Chong , Ren Yujie , Xiong Xiaobei , Zhou Xi , Lin Shu-Hai , Xu Yi , Qiu Yang
Published: December 2022

Ferroptosis is a nonapoptotic form of programmed cell death that contributes to different neurological inflammatory diseases. However, whether HSV-1 induces ferroptosis in the CNS and the role of ferroptosis in viral pathogenesis remain unclear.
Salicylic Acid Treatment Alleviates the Heat Stress Response by Reducing the Intracellular ROS Level and Increasing the Cytosolic Trehalose Content in Pleurotus ostreatus
Authors: Zhang Guang , Yan Peng , Leng Doudou , Shang Li , Zhang Chaohui , Wu Zhongwei , Wang Zhenhe
Published: December 2022

Heat stress (HS) is a crucial environmental challenge for edible fungi. Salicylic acid (SA), a plant defense-related hormone, plays key roles in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses.
Cranial subdural migrating to lumbar subdural space in a toddler
Authors: Wassef Catherine , Almast Anmol , Ellika Shehanaz
Published: December 2022

Migrated spinal subdural haematoma (sSDH) is a significantly uncommon finding. This case involves a paediatric patient representing after cranial trauma with new abnormal gait and leg pain who was found to have a migrated sSDH. Literature review for reported cases of pathogenesis theories, causes and management was performed and summarised in this report. The authors concluded that new abnormal gait and leg pain in a paediatric patient with previous cranial trauma is an indication for spinal MRI if migrated subdural haematoma is suspected. Non-surgical management is generally tolerated, and steroids can be trialled for radiculopathy if clinically indicated.
Transforming global health education during the COVID-19 era: perspectives from a transnational collective of global health students and recent graduates
Authors: Krugman Daniel W , Manoj Malvikha , Nassereddine Ghiwa , Cipriano Gabriela , Battelli Francesca , Pillay Kimara , Othman Razan , Kim Kristina , Srivastava Siddharth , Lopez-Carmen Victor A , Jensen Anpotowin , Schor Marina
Published: December 2022

Inspired by the 2021 BMJ Global Health Editorial by Atkinset alon global health (GH) teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic, a group of GH students and recent graduates from around the world convened to discuss our experiences in GH education during multiple global crises. Through weekly meetings over the course of several months, we reflected on the impact the COVID-19 pandemic and broader systemic inequities and injustices in GH education and practice have had on us over the past 2 years. Despite our geographical and disciplinary diversity, our collective experience suggests that while the pandemic provided an opportunity for changing GH education, that opportunity was not seized by most of our institutions. In light of the mounting health crises that loom over our generation, emerging GH professionals have a unique role in critiquing, deconstructing and reconstructing GH education to better address the needs of our time. By using our experiences learning GH during the pandemic as an entry point, and by using this collective as an incubator for dialogue and re-imagination, we offer our insights outlining successes and barriers we have faced with GH and its education and training. Furthermore, we identify autonomous collectives as a potential viable alternative to encourage pluriversality of knowledge and action systems and to move beyond Western universalism that frames most of traditional academia.
Impact of rheumatoid arthritis and methotrexate on pregnancy outcomes: retrospective cohort study of the Italian Society for Rheumatology
Authors: Zanetti Anna , Zambon Antonella , Scirè Carlo Alberto , Bortoluzzi Alessandra
Published: December 2022

Objective

To evaluate the impact of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and methotrexate (MTX) on the probability of becoming pregnant, pregnancy losses, elective termination of pregnancy (TOP) and congenital malformations.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study on administrative healthcare databases was conducted. Three patients’ cohorts were enrolled among childbearing-age women. The first cohort included patients with RA starting MTX between July 2004 and December 2011. The second cohort included patients with RA without MTX treatment randomly selected from the same population (ratio 1:1). Finally, a cohort of subjects without RA was identified (ratio 1:4). Multivariate logistic regression models were implemented, ORs and 95% CI were reported.

Results

The two matched RA cohorts included 3564 patients with MTX and without MTX. The cohort without RA included 14 256 subjects. In the three cohorts, the proportion of women achieving pregnancy during follow-up was 6.3%, 9.1% and 11.9%, respectively. Congenital malformations were very rare in all cohorts. RA women treated with MTX at any time before conception showed significantly higher risks of pregnancy losses than non-RA women (OR (95% CI) 2.22 (1.40 to 3.45)). We observed a significant positive relationship between the exposure to MTX in the 3 months window before conception and increased risk of elective TOP (OR (95% CI) 4.77 (1.08 to 19.40)).

Conclusion

MTX-treated patients appeared to be the cohort with the highest risk of pregnancy losses. The positive association with elective TOP and exposure to MTX in the three months window before conception in patients with RA reinforces the need for adequate preconception counselling to avoid unplanned pregnancies.
Geological and geotechnical evaluation of the tunnel site of the Koto Hydropower Project, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Khan Nasar , Siddiqui Muhammad Ejaz , Ullah Naveed , Awais Muhammad , Khurshid Salman
Published: December 2022

Hydropower projects provide excellent opportunities to cope with rising energy demands; however, their geological and geotechnical evaluation is fundamental to ensure their long-term performance and stability. Thus, geological and geotechnical investigations were carried out to evaluate the feasibility of a tunnel (7 m diameter and 1880 m length) for the Koto Hydropower Project, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Five investigation boreholes with a cumulative depth of 145 m were drilled and samples were collected for qualitative observation and laboratory analyses. The geotechnical investigations include Lugeon and permeability tests to estimate the hydraulic conductivity of the associated rocks. In the boreholes, lithologies and discontinuities such as joints, fractures, veins and shear zones were identified. Lithological logging, rock quality designation and percentage core recovery were used to understand rock behaviour and strength. The rocks encountered are mainly gabbronorites and granodiorites with some amphibolites. The bedrock strength is designated as R4 (strong) with a minor amount of R3 (moderate), indicating suitability and feasibility for tunnel construction. The Main Mantle Thrust is the major tectonic feature, which is located towards the southern side of the study area; however, seismicity along it is not significant. The geological and geotechnical investigation indicated the suitability of the tunnel site for construction.
Connecting Libraries, Archives, and Museums
Authors: Rinaldo Constance , Rielinger Diane , Deveer Joseph , Castronovo Danielle
Published: December 2022

Over the last two decades, libraries and archives of natural history museums and botanical gardens in the US have spent major efforts to digitize their holdings. However, transporting these digitized resources from individual repositories to a wider community of researchers is challenging. Many of the primary resources are handwritten which limits their use and reuse because cursive writing and personal shorthand are difficult to decipher and the documents mostly lack machine-readable data. This article presents three case studies from the Harvard University Herbaria (HUH) Botany Libraries and the Harvard University Ernst Mayr Library and Archives (EMLA) of the Museum of Comparative Zoology (MCZ) that utilize crowd-sourcing, detailed access and discovery tools, and open access platforms to make handwritten materials more accessible to researchers by bridging content across collections held within and outside of Harvard University. The case studies show that different approaches can yield opportunities for mining data because transcription of handwritten documents and enhanced metadata allow searching previously unavailable words and phrases such as taxonomic names. Content contributed to the Biodiversity Heritage Library (BHL) and the tools and services available in the BHL were integral to the work. The end result shows how information held in natural history libraries and archives contributes to the expansion of scientific and cultural-historical knowledge by increasing access to previously unavailable historical scientific information through digitization, metadata enhancement, and transcription.
Deep Unsupervised Key Frame Extraction for Efficient Video Classification
Authors: Tang Hao , Ding Lei , Wu Songsong , Ren Bin , Sebe Nicu , Rota Paolo
Published: December 2022

Video processing and analysis have become an urgent task, as a huge amount of videos (e.g., YouTube, Hulu) are uploaded online every day. The extraction of representative key frames from videos is important in video processing and analysis since it greatly reduces computing resources and time. Although great progress has been made recently, large-scale video classification remains an open problem, as the existing methods have not well balanced the performance and efficiency simultaneously. To tackle this problem, this work presents an unsupervised method to retrieve the key frames, which combines the convolutional neural network and temporal segment density peaks clustering. The proposed temporal segment density peaks clustering is a generic and powerful framework, and it has two advantages compared with previous works. One is that it can calculate the number of key frames automatically. The other is that it can preserve the temporal information of the video. Thus, it improves the efficiency of video classification. Furthermore, a long short-term memory network is added on the top of the convolutional neural network to further elevate the performance of classification. Moreover, a weight fusion strategy of different input networks is presented to boost performance. By optimizing both video classification and key frame extraction simultaneously, we achieve better classification performance and higher efficiency. We evaluate our method on two popular datasets (i.e., HMDB51 and UCF101), and the experimental results consistently demonstrate that our strategy achieves competitive performance and efficiency compared with the state-of-the-art approaches.
A 5-Pathway Signature Predicts Prognosis Based on Immune-Derived lncRNAs in Patients with Breast Cancer
Authors: Liu Bo , Zhu Nian , Huo Huixia , Long Junqi , Ji Xinchan , Li Jinmeng , Zhuang Xujie , Wang Huina , Li Lujia , Chen Yuhaoran , Yang Wei , Zhao Shuangtao
Published: December 2022

Background. Currently, predictive models were not developed based on the signaling pathway signatures of immune-related lncRNAs in breast cancer (BRCA) patients. Methods. We selected unsupervised hierarchical clustering algorithm to classify patients with BRCA based on the significant immune-derived lncRNAs from the TCGA dataset. And different methods including ESTIMATE, ImmuneCellAI, and CIBERSORT were performed to evaluate the immune infiltration of tumor microenvironment. Using Lasso regression algorithm, we filtered the significant signaling pathways enriched by GSEA, GSVA, or PPI analysis to develop a prognostic model. And a nomogram integrated with clinical factors and significant pathways was constructed to predict the precise probability of overall survival (OS) of BRCA patients in the TCGA dataset (n = 1,098) and another two testing sets (n = 415). Results. BRCA patients were stratified into the PC (n = 571) and GC (n = 527) subgroup with significantly different prognosis with 550 immune-related lncRNAs in the TCGA dataset. Integrated analysis revealed different immune response, oncogenic signaling, and metabolic reprograming pathways between these two subgroups. And a 5-pathway signature could predict the prognosis of BRCA patients between these two subgroups independently in the TCGA dataset, which was confirmed in another two cohorts from the GEO dataset. In the TCGA dataset, 5-year OS rate was 78% (95% CI: 73–84) vs. 82% (95% CI: 77–87) for the PC and GC group (HR = 1.63 (95% CI: 1.17–2.28),

p
=
0.004

). The predictive power was similar in another two testing sets (HR > 1.20,

p
 
<
 
0.01

). Finally, a nomogram is developed for clinical application, which integrated this signature and age to accurately predict the survival probability in BRCA patients. Conclusion. This 5-pathway signature correlated with immune-derived lncRNAs was able to precisely predict the prognosis for patients with BRCA and provided a rich source characterizing immune-related lncRNAs and further informed strategies to target BRCA vulnerabilities.
Ulinastatin Alleviates Repetitive Ketamine Exposure-Evoked Cognitive Impairment in Adolescent Mice
Authors: Hong Yu , Meng Shiyu , Wang Shouping , Liu Ting , Liu Jiayi
Published: December 2022

Ketamine (KET) is widely used for induction and maintenance of anesthesia, and long-term use is required for treatment of depression patients. Repeated use of KET is associated with mood and memory disorders. Ulinastatin (UTI), a urinary trypsin inhibitor, has been widely undertaken as an anti-inflammatory drug and proved to have neuroprotective effects. The aim of this work was to determine whether prophylactic use of UTI could attenuate KET-induced cognitive impairment. It was found that repetitive KET anesthesia cause cognitive and emotional disorders in adolescent mice in WMZ and OFT test, while UTI pretreatment reversed the poor performance compared to the AK group, and the platform finding time and center crossing time were obviously short in the CK+UTI group (

P
<
0.05

). Our ELISA experiment results discovered that UTI pretreatment reduced the expression levels of IL-1β and IL-6 induced by CK anesthesia compared to AK (

P
<
0.05

). In addition, UTI pretreatment protected the cognitive function by restraining the expression levels of Tau protein, Tau phospho-396 protein, and Aβ protein in the CK group compared to the AK group in Western blotting (

P
<
0.05

). The results suggested that UTI could act as a new strategy to prevent the neurotoxicity of KET, revealing a significant neuroprotective effect of UTI.