bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sublethal Enteroviral Infection Exacerbates Disease Progression in an ALS Mouse Model
Authors: Luo Honglin , Xue Yuan Chao , Liu Huitao , Mohamud Yasir , Bahreyni Amirhossein , Zhang Jingchun , Cashman Neil R
Published: July 2021

Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatalneurodegenerative disease of the motor neuron system associated with both genetic and environmental risk factors.Infection with enteroviruses, including poliovirus and coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), has been proposed as a possible causal/risk factor for ALSdue to the evidence that enteroviruses can target motor neurons and establish a persistent infection in the central nervous system (CNS), and recent findings that enteroviral infection-induced molecular and pathologicalphenotypes closely resembleALS. However, a causal relationship has not yet been affirmed.Methods:Wild-type C57BL/6J and SOD1G85R ALS mice were intracerebroventricularly infected with a sublethal dose of CVB3 or sham-infected. For a subset of mice, ribavirin (a broad-spectrum anti-RNA viral drug) was given subcutaneously during the acute and/or chronic stage of infection. Following viral infection, general activity and survival were monitored daily for up to week 60. Starting atweek 20 post-infection (PI), motor functions were measured weekly. Mouse brains and/or spinal cords were harvested at day 10 and week 60 PI for histopathological evaluation of neurotoxicity, immunohistochemical staining of viral protein, neuroinflammatory/immune and ALS pathology markers, and NanoString and RT-qPCR analysis of inflammatory gene expression.Results: We found that sublethal infection (mimicking chronic infection) of SOD1G85R ALS mice with CVB3 resulted inearly onset and progressive motor dysfunction, andshortened lifespan, while similar viral infection in C57BL/6J, the background strain of SOD1G85R mice, did not significantly affect motor function and mortality as compared to mock infection within the timeframe of the current study (60 weeksPI).Furthermore, we showed that CVB3 infection led to a significant increase in proinflammatory gene expression and immune cell infiltration and induced ALS-related pathologies (i.e., TDP-43 pathology and neuronal damage) in the CNS of both SOD1G85R and C57BL/6J mice. Finally, wediscovered that early (day 1) but not late (day 15) administration of ribavirincould rescue ALS-like neuropathology and symptoms induced by CVB3 infection.Conclusions: Our study identifies a new risk factor that contributes to early onset and accelerated progression of ALS and offers opportunities for the development of novel targeted therapies.
Environmentally Benign Rare Earth Pigments: Effect of Calcium Dopant and Tuning of Bandgaps for Different Color Hues
Authors: V Divya , Jayan Divya
Published: July 2021

Environmentally benign rare earth pigments having the general formula Ca0.1 Ln0.9 PO4 ( Ln = Y , Pr , mixed rare rearth oxides, RE and Di ) have been prepared by a traditional solid state route. The samples were characterized by X–ray diffraction diffraction, UV–vis Spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), particle size distribution, color coordinates determination, acid/alkali test, thermo gravimetric (TG) analysis and CIE–1976 L*a*b* color scales. Among the various lanthanide ions and calcium ion as dopant, the pigment composition shows various hues ranges from green to yellow. The coloring mechanism is based on the tuning of band gap by the dopant like calcium in various rare earth host lattice. The designed pigments consist of non–toxic elements and were further found to possess high thermal and chemical stability. The pigments were also found to be appropriate candidates for the coloration of polymer substrates.Thus, the present environmental friendly pigment powders may find potential alternative to the classical toxic inorganic pigments for various applications.
A Computational Study of B-Cell Epitopes of Macadamia (Macadamia Integrifolia) Allergens and Identification of its IgE Binding Residues
Authors: Verma Shivani
Published: July 2021

In contemporary research, biological computational tools have emerged to play a pivotal role in facilitating both cost and time-efficient research. One such domain is addressing the prevailing food allergy issues, where these computational tools have been proven of vital importance. The present study is done as part of an internship at Jozbiz technologies. In the present study, we discuss the identification of IgE(Immunoglobulin E) binding allergy-causing B-Cell epitopes of macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia) allergens, namely AMP23_MACIN, AMP1_MACIN, AMP21_MACIN, MATK_MACIN and 11S1_MACIN. Using seven web servers (ABCPred, ElliPro, BepiPred 1.0b, BcePred, BCPred, CBTOPE and Disco Tope 2.0) twenty-one epitopes and seventeen conformational epitopes were predicted in the present study. The predicted epitopes are analysed in terms of residues having hydrophilicity, polar nature and having exposed surfaces. The unavailable 3-d structure of proteins was developed by homology modelling. Cross-reactivity of Macadamia integrifolia with other food items has also been listed.
Are the Enrichment Nutrient Feasible to the Vermicomposting Efficiency For Water Hyacinth (E. Crassipes)?
Authors: Kotsubo Karolina , Júnior Irineu Bianchini , Santino Marcela Bianchessi da Cunha , Saulino Hugo Henrique Lanzi
Published: July 2021

In eutrophic environments, aquatic weeds reproduce quickly and occupy large areas, preventing multiple uses of water resources. The use of the biomass of these plants in vermicomposting represents a sustainable alternative. The enrichment of macrophyte biomass during vermicomposting was tested using inorganic NPK solution (1.75% and 3.5%) and organic solution (0.25 g/L and 0.5 g/L) to improve the quality of the compound. Biomass consumption increased as the experiment progressed, reaching the highest values at the end. The experiment without worms remained stable. The influence of E. fetida individuals the vermicomposting process of water hyacinth will depend nutrient addition. The additions improved subtly the compost quality and the consumption of biomass, besides its low-cost, easily obtained and applicable treatment. It does not have the necessary requirements for its use as a fertilizer. However, we suggest the use in association with other fertilizers, adding moisture and structuring to the soil.
The Crohn’s Disease and Proinflammatory Cytokines
Authors: Qteishat Ahmed Al , Kirov Kiril , Bokov Dmitry O.
Published: July 2021

The aim of the study was to examine the profile of the main proinflammatory cytokines in the serum of patients with Crohn's disease and establish their association with the severity and activity of the disease. A total of 61 patients (29 women (47.5%), 32 men (52.5%) aged from 18 to 40 years (mean age (30.42 ± 2.51) years) with the verified diagnosis of Crohn's disease in the active phase were examined. The control group consisted of 30 virtually healthy people (VHP) of corresponding age. Crohn's disease is characterized by reliable (p<0.05) increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines in blood compared to virtually healthy people: TNF-α – by 4.45 times (p<0.05), IL-1α – by 5.08 times (p<0.05), IL-6 – by 2.16 times (p<0.05), IL-8 – by 2.04 times (p<0.05), and IFN-γ – by 5.30 times (p<0.05), which can be due to the development of the active inflammatory process in the intestine and the systemic reaction of the body. The degree of increase in TNF-α and IFN-γ content, as well as the presence of direct correlations between the Best activity index and the content of these cytokines in the blood of the examined patients, confirm their leading role in the cascade of immune-inflammatory reactions during Crohn's disease.
Morphological Characteristics of the Infrapatellar Fat Pad
Authors: Edama Mutsuaki , Otsuki Tomofumi , Yokota Hirotake , Hrabayashi Ryo , Sekine Chie , Maruyama Sae , Kageyama Ikuo
Published: July 2021

Background: The purpose of this study was to clarify the morphological characteristics of the infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) in Japanese cadavers and to elucidate the relationship between morphological characteristics of the IFP and degeneration of the patellofemoral joint. Methods: This investigation examined 41 legs from 25 Japanese cadavers. Morphological measurement was performed by one examiner, and the proximal IFP, IFP body length, width, and IFP volume were measured. The morphological characteristics of IFP proximal were used to categorize three types of IFP: Type I, IFP proximal located on medial and lateral sides of the patella; Type II, IFP proximal only located medially; and Type III, absence of IFP proximal medially and laterally. Articular surfaces were graded as macroscopically intact or mildly altered (Grade I), moderately altered (if fissuring or fibrillation was observed; Grade II), or severely altered (if eburnation was present; Grade III). Results: Type I was identified in 36.6%, Type II in 48.8%, and Type III in 14.6%. IFP medial proximal was seen in 85%, IFP lateral proximal in 36.6%, and loop type was 2.4%. Grade II was significantly more frequent than Grades I or III in Type II, and Grade III was significantly more frequent than Grades I or II in Type III. In addition, IFP volume was significantly larger in Type I than in Types II or III. Conclusion: Causal relationships remain unclear, but the deformation of patellofemoral joint may be related to decreased IFP volume (atrophy).
Development of multivariable models to predict perinatal depression before and after delivery using patient reported survey responses at weeks 4-10 of pregnancy
Authors: Reps Jenna , Wilcox Marsha , McGee Beth Ann , Leonte Marie , Lacross Lauren , Wildenhaus Kevin
Published: July 2021

Background

Perinatal depression is estimated to affect ~ 12% of pregnancies and is linked to numerous negative outcomes. There is currently no model to predict perinatal depression at multiple time-points during and after pregnancy.
Methods

A prospective cohort design where 858 participants filled in a baseline self-reported survey at week 4–10 of pregnancy (that included social economics, health history, various psychiatric measures), with follow-up until 3 months after delivery. Our primary outcome was an Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Score (EPDS) score of 12 or more (a proxy for perinatal depression) assessed during each trimester and again at two time periods after delivery. Five gradient boosting machines were trained to predict the risk of having EPDS score > = 12 at each of the five follow-up periods. We investigated different predictor sets.
Results

We developed five prognostic models: PND-T1 (trimester 1), PND-T2 (trimester 2), PND-T3 (trimester 3), PND-A1 (after delivery 1) and PND-A2 (delayed onset after delivery) that calculate personalised risks while only requiring that women be asked 21 questions from 3 validated psychometric scales at weeks 4–10 of pregnancy. C-statistics ranged between 0.69 (0.65–0.73) and 0.77 (0.74–0.80). At 50% sensitivity the precision ranged between 30%-50% across the models, generally identifying groups of patients with double the average risk.
Conclusions

The five models can predict risk of perinatal depression within each trimester and in two post-natal periods using survey responses as early as week 4 of pregnancy. The models need to be externally validated and prospectively tested to ensure generalizability to any pregnant patient.
Heavy Metal Contamination in Forest Reserved Soils Crossed by Roads, its Ecological Risks, and their Effects on Tree Biomass Stocking Potential
Authors: Malunguja Gisandu , Thakur Bijay , Devi Ashalata
Published: July 2021

Metal contaminants such as Cadmium, Chromium, Nickel, and Lead are released and deposited in Reserved Forest soils as a result of heavily travelled roads. Their pollution interrupts the biogeochemical cycle in the natural environment, affecting plant productivity. However, this pollution's source, their ecological risks, and its effects on tree biomass productivity have yet to be examined. In order to examine this, an ecological study was conducted in two Assam Reserved Forests that are crossed by the National Highway (NH-15). Several ecological risk indices were used to assess potential ecological risks. Metal impacts on tree biomass stocks were predicted using regression analysis and Pearson's coefficient. The results showed that metal concentrations in soil samples collected near roads were much higher than those away from roads. However, the overall mean concentration was within the Indian guidelines. Indices of soil contaminations and pollutions ranged from mildly contaminated to highly contaminated and from low polluted to highly polluted soils. The Cd (88.97%), and Pb (52.61%) were revealed to be highly the main contaminating and sources of pollution and ecological danger in the surface soils. The strongest Pearson correlation coefficients between Cd-Cr (94%), Cd-Ni (74%), Cd-Pb (97%), Cr-Ni (88%), Cr-Pb (90%), and Ni-Pb (76%) suggest that metals are very comparable. While the strong negative relationships between tree biomass stock and metals, implying that metals are vital factors affecting tree biomass productivity. Thus, conservationists, ecologists, and policymakers must devise effective mitigation strategies for vehicular emission and car discharge caused by traffic passing through reserved forests.
How Adversarial attacks affect Deep Neural Networks Detecting COVID-19?
Authors: Gougeh Reza Amini
Published: July 2021

Considering the global crisis of Coronavirus infection (COVID-19), the essence of utilizing novel approaches to achieve quick and accurate diagnosing methods is required. Deep Neural Networks (DNN) showed outstanding capabilities in classifying various data types, including medical images, in order to build a practical automatic diagnosing system. Therefore, DNNs can help the healthcare system to reduce patients waiting time. However, despite acceptable accuracy and low false-negative rate of DNNs in medical image classification, they have shown vulnerabilities in terms of adversarial attacks. Such input can lead the model to misclassification. This paper investigated the effect of these attacks on five commonly used neural networks, including ResNet-18, ResNet-50, Wide ResNet-16-8 (WRN-16-8), VGG-19, and Inception v3. Four adversarial attacks, including Fast Gradient Sign Method (FGSM), Projected Gradient Descent (PGD), Carlini and Wagner (C&W), and Spatial Transformations Attack (ST), were used to complete this investigation. Average accuracy on test images was 96.7\% and decreased to 41.1%, 25.5%, 50.1%, and 56.3% in FGSM, PGD, C&W, and ST, respectively. Results are indicating that ResNet-50 and WRN-16-8 were generally less affected by attacks. Therefore using defence methods in these two models can enhance their performance encountering adversarial perturbations.
Hansische Umschau 2010
Authors: Henn (Bearb.) Volker
Published: July 2021

Vollständiger Rezensionsteil
Hansische Umschau 2012
Authors: Henn (Bearb.) Volker
Published: July 2021

Vollständiger Rezensionsteil
Hansische Umschau 2018
Authors: Jörn (Bearb.) Nils
Published: July 2021

Vollständiger Rezensionsteil
Tallinn's Balance of Trade in the 17th Century
Authors: Küng Enn
Published: July 2021

Der mittelalterliche Handel Tallinns (Reval) hatte Waren aus Nordwestrussland und Livland nach Westeuropa weitergeführt. Dabei ist die Handelsbilanz der Stadt im Ost-West-Handel als positiv eingeschätzt worden. Mit dem 1558 ausgebrochenen Russisch-Livländischen Krieg und der Eingliederung der Stadt in das Schwedische Reich lösten sich die Verbindungen zum russischen Markt auf. Tallinn wurde zum Ausfuhrhafen für die landwirtschaftlichen Produkte Estlands, Livlands und Finnlands, v. a. Getreide. Die Handelspartner Revals wechselten: Die Lübecker wurden von den Niederländern verdrängt. Vor diesem Hintergrund nimmt der vorliegende Artikel die Handelsbilanz von Tallinn im 17. Jh. in den Blick, ihre Entwicklung und die Frage, ob und inwiefern das Gleichgewicht der Ein- und Ausfuhr erzielt wurde. Die Datengrundlage stellen die dortigen Pfundzollbücher, die mit nur wenigen Lücken vorhanden sind. Aus diesen Büchern geht hervor, dass die positive Handelsbilanz des Mittelalters auch im 17. Jh. für Tallinn charakteristisch war. Während der Kriege am Anfang des 17. Jh.s war die Handelsbilanz Tallinns noch negativ, ab 1622/23 wurde sie aber positiv. Neue Rückschläge erlitt der Handel der Stadt wegen der Kriege Schwedens mit seinen Nachbarstaaten Russland, Polen und Dänemark in der Mitte des 17. Jh.s. Wegen der Missernten der ersten Hälfte der 1660er Jahre wurde die Getreideausfuhr aus Reval verboten. In der Mitte der 1690er Jahre war das Hinterland Tallinns ebenfalls von großen Miss-ernten betroffen, die Hunger mit sich brachten. In diesen Perioden sowie während des 1700 ausgebrochenen Großen Nordischen Krieges war die Handelsbilanz der Stadt negativ. Einer allgemein positiven Handelsbilanz sind also Kriege, Missernten und daraus folgende Getreideausfuhrverbote als zeitweise Störfaktoren des Handels gegenüberzustellen.
Durability Evaluation of Calcined Clay and Limestone Powder Blended Ternary Self-Compacting Concrete
Authors: Taku J.K. , Amartey Y.D. , Ejeh S.P. , Lawan A.
Published: July 2021

This research work investigates the durability-based properties of a ternary calcined clay and limestone powder blended Self Compacting Concrete by measuring the short- and long-term permeation properties using water absorption and sorptivity properties testing. Also, the variation of compressive strength with age was evaluated at 7, 14, 28 and 56 days, while the split tensile strength was determined at 7 and 28 days curing. The Mineralogy and morphology of the ternary SCC was evaluated using FT IR Spectroscopy, SEM imaging and EDS. The results obtained shows that the ternary SCC showed improved durability and strength properties with age with dense and improved microstructure.
Rheological Properties of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Javanbakht T. , Laurent S. , Stanicki D. , Salzmann I.
Published: July 2021

The present study focuses on the rheological properties of polyethylene glycol (PEG) modified, positively charged, and negatively charged superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) at different temperatures. We hypothesized that the surface properties of these nanoparticles in the water did not affect their rheological properties. These nanoparticles had not the same surface properties as SPIONs-PEG had not to charge on their surface whereas positively charged and negatively charged ones with amine and carboxyl groups as their surfaces had positive and negative surface charges, respectively. However, their rheological behaviors were not different from each other. The comparative rheological study of SPIONs revealed their pseudo-Newtonian behavior. The viscosity of SPIONs decreased with the increase in temperature. At low shear rates, the shear stress of SPIONs was independent of rate and increased with the increase of rate. Moreover, at high shear rates, the shear stress for PEG-SPIONs was more than those for positively charged and negatively charged SPIONs. These measurements also revealed that at high shear rates, the shear stress of samples decreased with the increase of temperature. The shear stress of samples decreased with the increase of shear strain and the temperature. We also observed that all the samples had the same amount of shear strain at each shear stress, which indicated the exact resistance of SPIONs to deformation. Furthermore, the shear modulus decreased with time for these nanoparticles. These results suggest that these nanoparticles are promising candidates with appropriate properties for fluid processing applications and drug vectors in biomedical applications.
Heat Transfer and Simulated Coronary Circulation System Optimization Algorithms for Real Power Loss Reduction
Authors: Kanagasabai L.
Published: July 2021

In this paper, the heat transfer optimization (HTO) algorithm and simulated coronary circulation system (SCCS) optimization algorithm has been designed for Real power loss reduction. In the projected HTO algorithm, every agent is measured as a cooling entity and surrounded by another agent, like where heat transfer will occur. Newton’s law of cooling temperature will be updated in the proposed HTO algorithm. Each value of the object is computed through the objective function. Then the objects are arranged in increasing order concerning the objective function value. This projected algorithm time “t” is linked with iteration number, and the value of “t” for every agent is computed. Then SCCS optimization algorithm is projected to solve the optimal reactive power dispatch problem. Actions of human heart veins or coronary artery development have been imitated to design the algorithm. In the projected algorithm candidate solution is made by considering the capillaries. Then the coronary development factor (CDF) will appraise the solution, and population space has been initiated arbitrarily. Then in the whole population, the most excellent solution will be taken as stem, and it will be the minimum value of the Coronary development factor. Then the stem crown production is called the divergence phase, and the other capillaries’ growth is known as the clip phase. Based on the arteries leader’s coronary development factor (CDF), the most excellent capillary leader’s (BCL) growth will be there. With and without L-index (voltage stability), HTO and SCCS algorithm’s validity are verified in IEEE 30 bus system. Power loss minimized, voltage deviation also reduced, and voltage stability index augmented.
Mathematical Model of the Tensioning in the Collet Clamping Mechanism with the Rotary Movable Input Link on Spindle Units
Authors: Prydalnyi B.I. , Sulym H.T.
Published: July 2021

Increasing machining productivity causes the cutting forces acting on tools or workpieces to grow and requires extra clamping forces for their fixation reliably. In the research, a mathematical model of the operation of the clamping mechanism for fixating cylindrical objects on the spindle of machine tools at the stage of tension is presented. The presented design of the mechanism contains screw gear and provides self-braking. Based on the calculation model, mathematical dependencies are developed to describe the relationship among the movements of the parts of the mechanism when clamping forces are growing. The presented analytical dependencies allow considering the stage of growing clamping forces separately when the conservative type of forces are prevailing in the mechanism’s operation. That stage of work when both types of forces of dissipative and potential characters exist is considered. The developed dependencies describe the position of parts of the clamping mechanism depending on the generalized coordinate. The angle of rotation of the input rotating link is used as the generalized coordinate. This fact allows calculating the position of the elements of the clamping mechanism of this type depending on time. Results of the research enhance understanding the pattern of the change in the interaction of the elements and forces that act in the mechanism during the final stage of clamping. The obtained mathematical dependencies are a precondition for the development of design methodology for mechanisms of this type.
Applying the Concepts of Efficiency and Effectiveness to Analyze the Influence of the Number of Passes in the Shell and Tubes Condenser Thermal Performance
Authors: Nogueira E.
Published: July 2021

The work analyzes the influence of the number of passes in a shell and tubes condenser heat exchanger, with an inlet pressure of R134a refrigerant in the shell equal to 1.2 MPa. The fluid that circulates in the tubes is water or water-based nanofluid with a fraction of aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3), and the methodology used subdivides the heat exchanger into three distinct regions: the overheated region, the saturated region, and the subcooled region. The main parameters used to analyze the thermal performance of the heat exchanger were efficiency and effectiveness. Efficiency in the superheated steam region is close to 1.0. There is scope for increasing thermal effectiveness, which can be improved with more significant passes in the tube. The saturated steam region process is efficient for lower mass flow rates of the fluid in the tube, but it is ineffective. However, it is highly effective for high mass flow rates. There is ample scope for increasing effectiveness in the subcooled region. Still, the fluid inlet temperature in the pipe and the work refrigerant pressure are the limiting factors for greater heat exchange in the subcooled region.
Preventive Improvement of Wastewater Treatment Efficiency
Authors: Shtepa V.N. , Chernysh Ye.Yu. , Danilov D.V.
Published: July 2021

This paper focuses on studying the effect of electrolytic water on wastewater decontamination processes, using model solutions and wastewater from the food-processing plant. The aqueous solutions under study were obtained by changing the redox potential (ORP), and pH of ordinary tap water using a pH corrector, which is a flow-through electrolyzer with a membrane separating the cathode and anode zones, and the solutions were obtained by adding to tap water a solution containing products of electrokinetic synthesis. Parameters that changed as a result of the study: ORP, TDS, pH. Solutions capable of almost complete inhibition of the vital activity and growth of microorganisms were obtained. Also, solutions were obtained that promoted their development, and when seeding them on a dense nutrient medium, there was continuous growth. Further research is advisable to detail the technical and economic indicators of water supply and sewerage schemes of municipal and industrial facilities with preventive water treatment processes.
Informational Technologies as a Tool for Local Level Sustainable Development Goals Implementation
Authors: Zharova Liubov V. , Khlobystov Ievgen V.
Published: July 2021

The research represents the interdisciplinary approach for sustainable development of local communities through the implementation latest innovative approaches and closing the gaps by modern technological possibilities. The paper proposes methodological approaches for informational and analytical support for decision-making on sustainable development of local territorial entities (for example, united territorial communities, BTSEE). It is emphasized that the climate change forecast must be implemented to local, territorial development strategies. The central hypothesis of this research is that the competitiveness and efficiency of economic development local communities can be reached in the framework of combating climate changes with the implementation of information technologies on all steps – from planning until realization. It emphasized that the climate change forecast must be implemented to local, territorial development strategies. The way of implementation is that the territorial development strategies take into account changes in the functional purpose of the territories and determine the directions of prospective activity, taking into account changes in agro-climatic and infrastructural conditions of development. For this purpose, it is proposed to create a complex of information and analytical support for the sustainable development of local, territorial entities. The permissible value of the reverse subsidy, according to our calculations, should be no more than 25 %. It was demonstrated that it is possible to enable the sustainable development of financially capable communities if a flexible, financially based approach is used to determine the reverse subsidy's amount. Implementing the proposed mechanisms for the sustainable development of the BTSEE involves active consultation with local leaders and government representatives in charge of government decentralization.
Renewable Energy Generation in the Energy Balance: the Forecast until 2035
Authors: Pimonenko Tetyana V. , Lyulyov Oleksii V. , Us Yana O. , Kwilinski Aleksy S. , Nazarenko Anastasiya P. , Myroshnychenko Yulia O.
Published: July 2021

This paper summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on developing national economic energy efficiency under optimizing renewable energy generations. This study aims to forecast renewable energy generation until 2035 under the current Ukrainian conditions. The relevance of this scientific issue is the urgency to combat the climate change consequences under economic development. A bibliometric analysis was conducted in the study frameworks to systemize the scientific treatises and indicate main research directions in energy investigation. The source of publications was the Scopus database. The VOSviewer software tools were applied to visualize the obtained results. In turn, to gain the research goal, the authors forecasted the primary energy generations from renewable sources using Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model. The study sample was the shares of primary energy from renewable sources in Ukraine. The data covers 1985-2019. The results of bibliometric analysis allowed identifying main directions in investigating the energy policy such as renewable energy development under climate change; bioenergy; reducing carbon emissions towards economic growth; energy security and policy; management in the energy sector; satisfaction of the energy demand and improving the energy conditions for consumers. In the empirical part of this study, the forecast findings showed the growing tendency in primary energy generation from renewable sources. However, the share of primary energy from renewable sources would increase by 1.16 times (3,62 %). Therefore, the authors concluded that the target of the Energy Strategy of Ukraine of 25 % the share of primary energy from renewable sources would not be gained until 2035. This study highlights the necessity to develop renewable energy in Ukraine. The obtained results could be the base for further investigations devoted to elaborating the energy policy towards developing energy efficiency and green development.
«Not a very convenient correspondent»: Lesia Ukrainka in the magazine «Zhyzn/Life» (1900–1901)
Authors: Georgiievska Viktoriia , Dubetska Oksana
Published: July 2021

The aim of this article is to trace the motives and ways of cooperation of Lesia Ukrainka in the St. Petersburg literary and political magazine «Zhyzn / Life», based primarily on her correspondence of this
time (1899–1901). The source analysis of the epistolary heritage of Lesia Ukrainka is used, it is based on the chronological and typological characteristics of the life and creative biography of the writer and
publicist; systematization of facts and statements related to the functioning of the magazine «Zhyzn / Life», its employees, the creative plans of Lesya Ukrainka. The main motives for Lesia Ukrainka’s
cooperation with the St. Petersburg monthly were the democratic direction of the magazine, the authority of the authors and employees of the magazine, the opportunity to be a principled reviewer and propagandist of Ukrainian and European literature, and material incentives.
Group health risk parameters in a heterogeneous cohort. Indirect assessment as per events taken in dynamics
Authors:   The Southern Urals Biophysics Institute of the RF Federal Medical and Biological Agency, 19 Ozerskoe drive, Ozersk, 456780, Russian Federation, Obesnyuk V.F.
Published: July 2021

The present work focuses on describing a procedure for assessing intensive and cumulative parameters of specific risk when observing cohorts under combined exposure to several external or internal factors. The research goal was to reveal how to use well-known heuristic-descriptive parameters accepted in remote consequences epidemiology for analyzing dynamics of countable events in a cohort; analysis should be performed on quite strict statistic-probabilistic grounds based on Bayesian approach to explaining conditional probabilities that such countable events might occur. The work doesn’t contain any new or previously unknown epidemiologic concept or parameters; despite that, it is not a simple literature review. It is the suggested procedure itself that is comparatively new as it combines techniques used to process conventional epidemiologic information and a correct metrological approach based on process description. The basic result is providing a reader with understanding that all basic descriptive epidemiologic parameters within cohort description framework turn out to be quantitatively interlinked in case they are considered as conditional group processes. It allows simultaneous inter-consistent assessment of annual risk parameters and Kaplan-Meier (Fleming-Harrington) and Nelson-Aalen cumulative parameters as well as other conditional risk parameters or their analogues. It is shown that when a basic descriptive characteristic of cumulative parameters is chosen as a measure for measurable long-term external exposure, it is only natural to apply such a concept as a dose of this risk factor which is surrogate in its essence. Operability of the procedure was confirmed with an example. The suggested procedure was proven to differ from its prototype that previously allowed achieving only substantially shifted estimates, up to ~100 % even in case an operation mode was normal. Application requires creating specific but quite available PC software.
Assessing risks caused by nickel-based nanomaterials: hazardous factor identification
Authors:   Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 2/14 Ustinsky lane, Moscow, 109240, Russian Federation, Gmoshinski I.V. , Khotimchenko S.A. ,   Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 2/14 Ustinsky lane, Moscow, 109240, Russian Federation,   I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 4 Bldg., 2 Bol'shaya Pirogovskaya Str., Moscow, 119435, Russian Federation
Published: July 2021

Nanoparticles of nickel (Ni) and its compounds attract a lot of attention bearing in mind their promising innovative properties allowing their use as catalysts, components in electrical appliances, electronic devices and photonic appliances, and materials used in producing medications, diagnostic preparations, and pesticides. Production volumes of these materials in their nano-form are likely to grow rapidly in the nearest future and it involves greater loads created by these nanomaterials on a human body. And we should remember that Ni and its compounds are highly toxic for humans even in their traditional disperse forms. Their toxicity induces oxidative stress, cellular membranes and mitochondria dysfunction, expression of nuclear transcription factors that are responsible for apoptosis, caspases, as well as proto-oncogenes. Leading role in toxicity of Ni-containing nanomaterials obviously belongs to ions of heavy Ni++ being emitted from them since this heavy metal has pro-oxidant properties and influences enzyme activity and gene expression. Cytotoxic effects produced by Ni-containing nanomaterials were revealed in Model experiments in vitro performed with suing cellular cultures that were morphologically and functionally similar to epithelial cells of respiratory and gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidneys, and nervous system; these materials were able to stimulate oxidant stress, influence expression of apoptosis proteins and nuclear transcription factors, induce apoptosis and necrosis. There are data indicating that Ni-containing nanomaterials can produce malignant transforming effects in vitro. All the above mentioned proves that nickel compounds in their nanoform are a new hazardous factor that requires assessing related risks for workers, consumer, and population in general. Our review focuses on analyzing literature sources on cytotoxicity of Ni-containing nanomaterials and their effects produced on molecular-genetic and cellular levels taken over a period starting from 2011.
Fluvoxamine and Amantadine: Central Nervous System Acting Drugs
Repositioned for COVID-19 as Early Intervention
Authors: Rejdak Konrad , Grieb Paweł
Published: July 2021

Background:

As the World faces unprecedented pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus,
repositioning of existing drugs to treatment of COVID-19 disease is urgently awaited, provided
that high quality scientific evidence supporting safety and efficacy in this new indication is gathered.
Efforts concerning drugs repositioning to COVID-19 were mostly focused on antiviral drugs,
or drugs targeting the late phase of the disease.

Methods:

Based on published research, the pharmacological activities of fluvoxamine and amantadine,
two well-known drugs widely used in clinical practice for psychiatric and neurological diseases,
respectively, have been reviewed, with a focus on their potential therapeutic importance in the
treatment of COVID-19.

Result:

Several preclinical and clinical reports were identified suggesting that these two drugs
might exert protective effects in the early phases of COVID-19.

Conclusion:

Preclinical and early clinical evidence are presented indicating that these drugs hold
promise to prevent COVID-19 progression when administered early during the course of infection.
Resistin and Cardiovascular Disease: A Review of the Current Literature Regarding Clinical and Pathological Relationships
Authors: Askin Lutfu , Abus Sabri , Tanriverdi Okan
Published: July 2021

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Serum resistin, mainly secreted by the bone marrow, monocytes, and macrophages, contributes to many processes, including endothelial dysfunction, Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell (VSMC) proliferation, and atherothrombosis demonstrating effects on the development of hypertension and Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). Previously published clinical studies have shown that plasma resistin levels are significantly associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors and adverse clinical outcomes associated with the condition. Resistin is associated with vascular smooth muscle cell dysfunction in vitro, most plausibly due to its relationship with oxidative stress in advanced atherosclerosis whereas in vivo studies have shown resistin to be associated with intimal hyperplasia. We aimed to summarize the role of resistin on cardiovascular disease (CVD), as we could not find any review focused on the role of resistin on CVD.
PROBLEMS OF LEGAL REGULATION OPERATIONAL AND INVESTIGATIVE ACTIVITIES IN THE EXECUTION OF NON-CUSTODIAL SENTENCES: ANALYSIS OF LEGISLATION AND PRACTICE
Authors:   S.A. Kutukov Academy of the Federal penitentiary service Russia, Kutukov S.A.
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the improvement of operational-search legislation in the field of organization of operational-search activities in the criminal Executive system, in particular, the grounds and conditions for conducting operational-search activities that restrict the constitutional rights of citizens, as well as their conduct in relation to those sentenced to non-custodial sentences. The main legal and organizational problem is the lack of legal grounds for conducting operational search activities that require court approval when conducting search work and, as a result, the inability to use the entire set of tools and methods for solving crimes, as well as an incorrect interpretation of article 18.1 of the criminal code of the Russian Federation.
ON THE QUESTION OF THE PLACE AND ROLE OF LEGAL EDUCATION IN THE FORMATION OF A POSITIVE LEGAL CONSCIOUSNESS OF YOUNG PEOPLE
Authors:   O. M. Guseinov Dagestan State University, Guseinov O. M. , Magomedov Sh. B. ,   Sh. B. Magomedov Dagestan State University, Guseinov G. O. ,   G. O. Guseinov Dagestan State Medical University
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the theoretical understanding of place and role of legal education in formation of personality's positive sense of justice as a factor determining the conscious attitude of the individual to the law, legislation and in General legal system, its intention to meet in real life the basic principles, regulations and requirements of law. At the same time, the formation of a positive legal consciousness of the individual is shown in the article as a complex process that can be achieved by coordinating the efforts of all the basic institutions of legal socialization, among which targeted legal education is considered by the authors as one of the leading means. It is concluded that positive legal awareness and legal behavior are ensured not only by legal education, but also by other social regulators, taking into account the correlation and interrelation of which can greatly help in determining the place and role of legal education of a person in the formation of his positive legal awareness.
CLASSIFICATION OF JUDGMENTS IN THE ARBITRATION PROCESS
Authors:   M.A. Magomedova Dagestan State University, Magomedova M.A.
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the classification of court decisions in the arbitration process. Based on the analysis of the opinions of scientists and judicial practice, the author comes to the conclusion that court decisions can be classified into different types on the following grounds: methods of defense; procedures for making a court decision; content; the time of the proceedings in which it was made, and the completeness of the response to the stated requirements. The article analyzes the norms of arbitration procedural legislation that contain requirements for a court decision, identifies problematic issues and suggests ways to solve them. It is proposed to legalize the interim decision on certain categories of cases and in the case of consideration of the case in separate court sessions in the arbitration process and to recognize the judicial decisions on challenging normative acts as lawmaking.
Communication and Sport: A Call to Action
Authors: Salgado Paulo
Published: July 2021

The economic influence of media has dramatically changed the world of sport, leading sports organisations to increase their focus on communication and assets like brands and reputation. The intent for a more strategic communication within the sports industry must consider a broader and more profound reflection of how the world of sports intertwines with communication and its interactive process of creation, selection, and retention of meaning (Weick, 1979). As a practice and as a business, the social role played by sports, and the singularities of sports organisations are central pieces for the comprehension of the strategic sports communication model presented in this paper. It aims at encouraging researchers to dive into the realm of sports communication.
Predicting Biologic Therapy Outcome of Patients With Spondyloarthritis: Joint Models for Longitudinal and Survival Analysis
Authors: Barata Carolina , Rodrigues Ana Maria , Canhão Helena , Vinga Susana , Carvalho Alexandra M
Published: July 2021

Background

Rheumatic diseases are one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide. Among them, spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a group of highly debilitating diseases, with an early onset age, which significantly impacts patients’ quality of life, health care systems, and society in general. Recent treatment options consist of using biologic therapies, and establishing the most beneficial option according to the patients’ characteristics is a challenge that needs to be overcome. Meanwhile, the emerging availability of electronic medical records has made necessary the development of methods that can extract insightful information while handling all the challenges of dealing with complex, real-world data.

Objective

The aim of this study was to achieve a better understanding of SpA patients’ therapy responses and identify the predictors that affect them, thereby enabling the prognosis of therapy success or failure.

Methods

A data mining approach based on joint models for the survival analysis of the biologic therapy failure is proposed, which considers the information of both baseline and time-varying variables extracted from the electronic medical records of SpA patients from the database, Reuma.pt.

Results

Our results show that being a male, starting biologic therapy at an older age, having a larger time interval between disease start and initiation of the first biologic drug, and being human leukocyte antigen (HLA)–B27 positive are indicators of a good prognosis for the biological drug survival; meanwhile, having disease onset or biologic therapy initiation occur in more recent years, a larger number of education years, and higher values of C-reactive protein or Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI) at baseline are all predictors of a greater risk of failure of the first biologic therapy.

Conclusions

Among this Portuguese subpopulation of SpA patients, those who were male, HLA-B27 positive, and with a later biologic therapy starting date or a larger time interval between disease start and initiation of the first biologic therapy showed longer therapy adherence. Joint models proved to be a valuable tool for the analysis of electronic medical records in the field of rheumatic diseases and may allow for the identification of potential predictors of biologic therapy failure.
Resuscitating Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Training in a Virtual Reality: Prospective Interventional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Perron Janaya Elizabeth , Coffey Michael Jonathon , Lovell-Simons Andrew , Dominguez Luis , King Mark E , Ooi Chee Y
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND

Simulation-based technologies are emerging to enhance medical education in the digital era. However, there is limited data for the use of virtual reality simulation in pediatric medical education. We developed Virtual Doc as a highly immersive virtual reality simulation to teach pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation skills to medical students.

OBJECTIVE

The primary objectives of this study were to evaluate participant satisfaction and perceived educational efficacy of Virtual Doc. The secondary aim of this study was to assess the game play features of Virtual Doc.

METHODS

We conducted a prospective closed beta-testing study at the University of New South Wales (Sydney, Australia) in 2018. All medical students from the 6-year undergraduate program were eligible to participate and were recruited through voluntary convenience sampling. Participants attended a 1-hour testing session and attempted at least one full resuscitation case using the virtual reality simulator. Following this, participants were asked to complete an anonymous postsession questionnaire. Responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

RESULTS

A total of 26 participants were recruited, consented to participate in this study, and attended a 1-hour in-person closed beta-testing session, and 88% (23/26) of participants completed the anonymous questionnaire and were included in this study. Regarding participant satisfaction, Virtual Doc was enjoyed by 91% (21/23) of participants, with 74% (17/23) intending to recommend the simulation to a colleague and 66% (15/23) intending to recommend the simulation to a friend. In assessment of the perceived educational value of Virtual Doc, 70% (16/23) of participants agreed they had an improved understanding of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and 78% (18/23) agreed that Virtual Doc will help prepare for and deal with real-life clinical scenarios. Furthermore, 91% (21/23) of participants agreed with the development of additional Virtual Doc cases as beneficial for learning. An evaluation of the game play features as our secondary objective revealed that 70% (16/23) of participants agreed with ease in understanding how to use Virtual Doc, and 74% (17/23) found the game play elements useful in understanding cardiopulmonary resuscitation. One-third (7/23, 30%) found it easy to work with the interactive elements. In addition, 74% (17/23) were interested in interacting with other students within the simulation.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study demonstrates a positive response regarding trainee satisfaction and perceived educational efficacy of Virtual Doc. The simulation was widely accepted by the majority of users and may have the potential to improve educational learning objectives.