bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERANAN RASIO KEUANGAN SEBAGAI ALAT PREDIKSI TERHADAP KEGAGALAN BANK (BANK FAILURE)(Pada Bank-Bank Umum Swasta Nasional di Indonesia Tahun 1994-1997)
Authors: Mulyani Erly
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this research is to know the role of financial ratio as a prediction instrument of bank failure by testing the significant difference between the financial ratio average of failed with non failed hank and to test the financial ratio which can he used as prediction instrument of the bank failure for 3 and 2 years before the bank failure happened in the period of liquidations 1997 and 1999. The method used to analyze this research is t-test, Mann-Whitney test and logistic regression base on forward stepwise method. The variable of this research is 16 financial ratio which is Primary Ratio, Risk Assets Ratio, Capital Ratio, Capita! Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Gross of Profit Margin (GPM), Net Profit Margin (NPM), Return On Equity (Roe), Return On Assets (ROA), Return On Loan, Interest Margin, Quick Ratio, Cash Ratio, Statutory Reserve Requirement, Secondary Reserve Ratio, Loan To Deposit Ratio (LDR), Liquidity Risk. The results of this research indicate that (1) there are significant differences between the ratio financial average of failed with non .failed bank. (2) the financial ratio cannot be used as prediction instrument of the bank failure for 3 and 2 years before the bank failure happened in Indonesia.
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERPENGARUH TERHADAP EARNING MANAGEMENT PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK JAKARTA
Authors: Ratnawati Vince , Safitri Ailen
Published: September 2020

Purpose of this research is to obtain empirical evidence about reputation factor influence of auditor, number of board of directorses, leverage, and stock percentage yamg on the market to public at listing manufacturing business of Effect Jakarta. Variable at this research is earning management as variable dependent and reputation of auditor, number of board of directorses, leverage, stock percentage that is on the market to public is variable independent. Management income is measured by using accrual discretionary. Sampling in this research applies technique non probability sampling ( purposive sampling method) and based on criteria which had been spec field only 85 competent companies to be made sample. Result of this research indicates that influential significant to management of income, while board of directors amounts, leverage, and stock percentage that is on the market to public doesn't have an effect on significant to management of income. Finding in this research supports research result done by Veronica and Bacthiar (2004) and Kusumaning (2004)
PENDETEKSIAN EARNINGS MANAGEMENT UNDERPRICING, DAN PENGUKURAN KINERJA PERUSAHAAN YANG MELAKUKAN KEBIJAKAN INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERINGS (IPO) DI INDONESIA (Studi Empires Pada Perusahaan Di BEI)
Authors: Anita Anita , Anggraini Fivi
Published: September 2020

The purpose of research for to detect policy of earnings management to include of moment IPO, to detect phenomenon underpricing on first when share traded in market secunder, testing company performance pasta IPO and testing relation policy of earnings management, underpricing and company performance (finance performance and market performance). This research using secunder data from company executing IPO. Samples of this research using purposive sampling method As much 48 company conducting IPO in Indonesian Stock Exchange in research of during 6 year consisted of 3 year before HIO and 3 year after IPO, so that there is 288 unit analysis.Result from this research that mean, that company executing IPO of indication do policy of earnings management some year before moment IPO by playing component accruals, that company executing IPO experience of underpricing on first when share traded in market secunder, that company executing IPO experience of degradation of performance of finance and performance of market, and there is downhill tendency after IPO. The last if connected third the above phenomenon, in general the researcher cannot prove relation between policy earnings management, phenomenon underpricing, and the company market performance and finance performance conducting IPO.
PENGARUH KOMPLEKSITAS TUGAS DAN KOMPLEKSITAS SISTEM TERHADAP HUBUNGAN PARTISIPASI DAN KEPUASAN PEMAKAI DALAM PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI
Authors: Africo Deni , Rifa Dandes
Published: September 2020

This research aimed to exam the effect of task complexcity and system complexcity toward relationship between participation and user satisfaction in information system development. The research is done by all of Bank at Padang city, becouse the bank is kinds of industry that focus user system information now. The sample of this research is manager fungsional every Bank by using Purposive Sampling. The multiple regression  analysis is used to the hyphotesis testing. The results  showed that participation  has siqnificant effect toward user satisfaction. Beside that, the task complexcity also has siqnificant effect toward relationship between participation and user satisfaction in  information system development, but the system complexcity variable does not has effect toward relationship between participation and user satisfaction in information system development.
Application of Modified Flower Pollination Algorithm to Multiple Vehicle Routing Problems with Time Constraints
Authors: Suwannarongsri Supaporn
Published: September 2020

The aim of this research is to apply the modified flower pollination algorithm (MoFPA) to the multiplevehicle routing problems (MVRP) with the time constraints. As one of the latest enhanced versions of the originalflower pollination algorithm (FPA), the MoFPA utilizes the randomly switching probability for selection betweenlocal (self) and global (cross) pollinations in order to search for the better solutions and improve its searchperformance. In this paper, the MoFPA is applied to solve the MVRP problems with the time constraints basedon the modern optimization approach. Ten standard MVRP problems with the time constraints consisting ofapproximately 100–500 destinations are selected and solved by the MoFPA. Results obtained by the MoFPA arecompared with those obtained by original FPA, genetic algorithm (GA), tabu search (TS) and particle swarmoptimization (PSO). Results reveals that the MoFPA can provide optimal solutions of all ten selected MVRPproblems with shorter total distance than FPA, PSO, TS and GA, respectively. In addition, the execution timeconsumed by FPA and MoFPA are less than PSO, TS and GA, respectively.
Opettajan toimijuus muutoksessa – Yhteisopetusta pienin askelin
Authors: Takala Marjatta , Saarinen Minna
Published: September 2020

Tässä tutkimuksessa perehdytään opettajan toimijuuteen tilanteessa, jossa useampi opettaja opettaa yhdessä. Yhteisopetuksella tarkoitetaan tilannetta, jossa ainakin kaksi opettajaa yhdessä suunnittelee, toteuttaa ja arvioi opetusta, jokatoteutetaan pääasiassa samassa tilassa. Kun opetetaan yhdessä, saadaan luokkaan useamman opettajan osaaminen. Asiantuntijakeskustelujen kautta selvitetään, mitä pedagogit kertovat yhteisopetuksesta ja pohditaan, miten opettajan toimijuus toteutuu, kun opetetaan yhdessä. Tutkimuksemme tulosten mukaan yhteisopetus koetaan hyvänä, mutta sille löytyy selkeitä reunaehtoja. Eri ammattiryhmien (luokan-, aineen- ja erityisopettajien) kertomukset yhteisopettamisesta erosivat toisistaan. Koulutustaustasta riippumatta opettajat näkivät yhteisopetuksen yleensä omaa ammattitaitoa kehittävänä ja parhaassa tapauksessa opettajan perustyötä helpottavana tapana työskennellä. Osa opettajista koki sen lisäävän omaa toimijuutta, mutta osa taas kertoi yhteisopetuksen kapeuttavan toimijuutta. Yhteisopetuksen tekemisen tapaa venytettiin määritelmästä poiketen tarpeiden mukaan.
Direct medical costs of newly diagnosed cases of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Lithuania
Authors: Malakauskas Kęstutis , Floreskul Vilius , Štelemėkas Mindaugas , Ivanauskienė Rugilė
Published: September 2020

Background.Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an under-diagnosed, life-threatening lung disease, which ismainly caused by active smoking, and provokes significant financial burden for the health care sector.COPD is avoidable, therefore strong health policy decisions are crucial in prevention, and to support the policies the analysis of economic impact is an important component in order to illustrate the burden of disease to the society. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate annual direct medical costs of newly diagnosed COPD cases in Lithuania. Material and methods. A retrospective,bottom-up, incidence-based cost of illness study included all newly diagnosed COPD patients in Lithuania in 2015. Data was taken from the National Health Insurance Fund under the Ministry of Health (NHIF) database SVEIDRA, and included all cases coded as J44.0, J44.1, J44.8 or J44.9 (6870 cases in total). All costs were assessed from the perspective of health care and consisted of three broad categories: outpatient care related costs, hospital related inpatient care, and reimbursable prescription drugs. The estimated costs are given in 2015 prices and presented in Euros (€). Results. Total direct medical costs of new COPD cases were estimated to be €1,679,879 in 2015. Inpatient costs accounted for €928,054 or 55.2% of the total direct costs, pharmaceutical costs – €633,429 (37.7%), and the outpatient services took €118,396 or 7.1% of the total. The average of total direct costs per-patient was €244.5, and the highest cost was for per-hospitalized patient – €1,176.2. Conclusions. Inpatient services and pharmaceutical costswere the key drivers of directmedical cost of new COPD cases in Lithuania in 2015 accounting for more than half and third of all expenses, respectively.
Moral Issues Of Upbringing A Person In A Healthy Spirit
Authors: Mavlanovna Allayarova Marhabo
Published: September 2020

The scope of work in the field of education, which plays a key role in raising a healthy and harmoniously developed generation, is growing in our country. In this regard, one of the important conditions for achieving this task and forming young people as harmoniously developed people is their education in a healthy spirit. Only a nation brought up in a healthy spirit, having its own national spirituality and culture, can preserve itself as a people, a nation. An important task of state policy is the formation of a high moral and spiritual maturity, a perfect person, a healthy generation, and the preservation of the purity of the nation based on the education of a healthy spirit of youth. This article is devoted to the study and analysis of this task.
Role Of Ancient Written Sources In The Formation Of The Old Uzbek Literary Language
Authors: Nasrullaev Nematullo Hikmatullaevich
Published: September 2020

This article describes the role of ancient written sources in the emergence of the old Uzbek literary language. Our written heritage has an ancient and rich history, and its comprehensive study based on primary sources is more relevant today than ever. Regardless of how much the research carried out in this area to date has enriched the treasury of our linguistics, we still have a lot of work on the ancient Uzbek language and classical texts in this language.
Evidence for a multicomponent hierarchical representation of dual tasks
Authors: Hirsch Patricia , Roesch Clara , Koch Iring
Published: September 2020

Recent dual-task studies observed worse performance in task-pair switches than in task-pair repetitions and interpreted these task-pair switch costs as evidence that the identity of the two individual tasks performed within a dual task is jointly represented in a single mental representation, termed “task-pair set.” In the present study, we conducted two experiments to examine (a) whether task-pair switch costs are due to switching cues or/and task pairs and (b) at which time task-pair sets are activated during dual-task processing. In Experiment 1, we used two cues per task-pair and found typical dual-task interference, indicating that performance in the individual tasks performed within the dual task deteriorates as a function of increased temporal task overlap. Moreover, we observed cue switch costs, possibly reflecting perceptual cue priming. Importantly, there were also task-pair switch costs that occur even when controlling for cue switching. This suggests that task-pair switching per se produces a performance cost that cannot be reduced to costs of cue switching. In Experiment 2, we employed a go/no-go-like manipulation and observed task-pair switch costs after no-go trials where subjects prepared for a task-pair, but did not perform it. This indicates that task-pair sets are activated before performing a dual task. Together, the findings of the present study provide further evidence for a multicomponent hierarchical representation consisting of a task-pair set organized at a hierarchically higher level than the task sets of the individual tasks performed within a dual task.
Response time models separate single- and dual-process accounts of memory-based decisions
Authors: Kraemer Peter M. , Fontanesi Laura , Spektor Mikhail S. , Gluth Sebastian
Published: September 2020

Human decisions often deviate from economic rationality and are influenced by cognitive biases. One such bias is thememory biasaccording to which people prefer choice options they have a better memory of—even when the options’ utilities are comparatively low. Although this phenomenon is well supported empirically, its cognitive foundation remains elusive. Here we test two conceivable computational accounts of the memory bias against each other. On the one hand, a single-process account explains the memory bias by assuming a single biased evidence-accumulation process in favor of remembered options. On the contrary, a dual-process account posits that some decisions are driven by a purely memory-driven process and others by a utility-maximizing one. We show that both accounts are indistinguishable based on choices alone as they make similar predictions with respect to the memory bias. However, they make qualitatively different predictions about response times. We tested the qualitative and quantitative predictions of both accounts on behavioral data from a memory-based decision-making task. Our results show that a single-process account provides a better account of the data, both qualitatively and quantitatively. In addition to deepening our understanding of memory-based decision-making, our study provides an example of how to rigorously compare single- versus dual-process models using empirical data and hierarchical Bayesian parameter estimation methods.
AN OVERVIEW OF RFL LESSONS IN JAPAN
Authors: Вада О.М.
Published: September 2020

В этой статье рассказывается о мотивах изучения РКИ японскими студентами, выбравшими русский как второй иностранный, о национальных особенностях, которые приходится учитывать преподавателю на уроках, о задачах и целях, которые должен ставить перед собой педагог. Статья полностью основана на личном опыте автора, полученном в процессе преподавания РКИ в японской аудитории.

This article describes the reasons of studying Russian as a second foreign language by Japanese students, national character which should be taken into consideration by teachers of Russian, and also tells about the tasks and aims which each teacher should think of. This article is completely based on the personal experience the teacher has gotten at the classes with Japanese students.
Patient Demographics Associated with ARDS Incidence, Hospital Length of Stay and Mortality
Authors: Gilmore TW , Frilot CF
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a common finding among pediatric and adult patient populations [1]. ARDS-related mortality remains high and is associated with prolonged hospital Length of Stay (LOS) and multiple ventilator days. Studies have sought to predict whether certain risk factors can be associated with ARDS development and mortality. It remains to be established whether a strong association exists between ARDS patient demographic characteristics, hospital LOS and overall ARDS-related mortali [4]. Methods: A retrospective analysis of Electronic Health Record (EHR) data identified 595 adult subjects that received an ARDS diagnosis: ICD-9: 518.82, ICD-10: J96.00 or J80 annotation. The analysis spanned a 30-month period, evaluating subjects by age, gender, race, BMI, LOS, and mortality. Results: The majority of subjects were admitted through the Emergency Department (408: 68.6%) and were followed by Internal Medicine (137: 23%) or Trauma service (117: 19.7%). A significant portion of subjects expired (130: 21.8%), but a majority were discharged to home care (212: 35.6%). A binomial logistic regression was performed to identify whether a prevalence or risk ratio could be identified between subject demographics and either LOS or mortality. LOS in days was associated with an increased likelihood of mortality (1.055), and age at admission was associated with a reduction in the likelihood of mortality (0.986). Conclusions: No statistically significant predictor of mortality was identified among subject demographic variables. The findings did suggest that mortality in subjects was higher with longer hospital LOS, lower overall in younger subjects, and inversely related to BMI.
KRİTER AĞIRLIKLANDIRMA YÖNTEMLERİNDEN BWM VE FUCOM YÖNTEMLERİNİN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI VE BİR UYGULAMA
Authors: DEMİR Gülay , BİRCAN Hüdaverdi
Published: September 2020

Çok kriterli karar verme yöntemlerinde kriter
ağırlıklandırma aşaması nihai karar vermeyi etkilemektedir. Bu nedenle
çalışmanın amacı kriterlerin ağırlık katsayılarının belirlenmesinde kullanılan
Best Worst Method (BWM) ve Full Consistency Method (FUCOM) yöntemlerini
karşılaştırarak bir uygulama üstünde göstermektir. Her iki yöntemin hem ortak
yönleri hem de hesaplama adımlarında birbirlerinden farklılıkları
bulunmaktadır.  Önerilen yöntemleri
göstermek için kullanılan uygulamada ideal özel okul seçimini etkileyen
kriterler kullanılmıştır. Bu kriterlerin tespiti ve derecelerini belirlemek
için Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi üyeleri ile görüşülmüştür.
Bu kişilerin ortak görüşleri çalışmada karar verici olarak yer almaktadır. BWM
ile yapılan uygulama sonucunda ideal özel okul seçimini etkileyen kriterler içinde başarı durumu
0,2947 ağırlığı ile en önemli kriter olurken okulun vizyonu/misyonu 0,0212
ağırlığı ile en önemsiz kriter olmuştur. FUCOM ile yapılan uygulama sonucunda
ideal özel okul seçimini etkileyen kriterler içinde bütçe 0,317 ağırlığı ile en
önemli kriter olmuştur. Ağırlık katsayılarının nihai değerleri LINGO 17
yazılımı ile elde edilmiştir.
7.2. INDICATIVE TECHNOLOGICAL HORIZONS AND PROBABLE EFFECTS OF THEIR ACHIEVEMENTS FOR THE ECONOMY AND SOCIETY IN THE MEDIUM AND LONG-TERM PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Ламзин Р.М. , Кайль Я.Я.
Published: September 2020

В статье определяются характеристики технологических горизонтов обеспечения необходимой эффективности в деятельности органов публичного управления в регулировании социально-экономических отношений, которые реализуются на территории отдельных регионов. Указанные технологические горизонты определяются в качестве совокупности формирования необходимого уровня показателей в экономике региона и жизни населения соответствующей территории. Данные показатели рассматриваются на территории Южного федерального округа с определением средних показателей по восьми субъектам Российской Федерации. Положительные экономические эффекты выражаются устойчивыми тенденциями расширения и оптимального применения цифровых технологий в системе регионального публичного управления при поддержании непрерывных информационных коммуникаций между органами федерального государственного управления на уровне федеральных округов. Авторы приходят к выводу о том, что индикативные технологические горизонты выражаются рядом показателей развития электронно-цифровых технологий в системе публичного управления, что формирует положительные эффекты в обеспечении удовлетворения потребностей населения на основе ускоренного предоставления публичных услуг в электронном формате.

The article defines the characteristics of technological horizons to ensure the necessary efficiency in the activities of public administration in the regulation of socio-economic relations, which are implemented on the territory of individual regions. The indicated technological horizons are defined as the totality of the formation of the required level of indicators in the economy of the region and the life of the population of the corresponding territory. These indicators are considered in the Southern Federal District with the definition of average indicators for eight constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Positive economic effects are expressed by stable trends in the expansion and optimal use of digital technologies in the regional public administration system while maintaining continuous information communications between federal government bodies at the level of federal districts. The authors conclude that indicative technological horizons are determined by a number of indicators for the development of electronic digital technologies in the public administration system, which creates positive effects in ensuring the satisfaction of the needs of the population based on the accelerated provision of public services in electronic format.
5.6. QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT IN THE public sector: METHODICAL ASPECTS
Authors: Ткаченко Л.И.
Published: September 2020

В статье обоснована актуальность оценки качества управления государственными финансами с целью повышения эффективности их использования. Проанализировано развитие методики оценки качества финансового менеджмента главными администраторами средств федерального бюджета за период с 2008 по 2019 гг. Исследованы методические аспекты определения итоговой оценки качества финансового менеджмента. В частности, проанализирован расчет некоторых показателей операционной эффективности расходов бюджета и дана их интерпретация. Представлен авторский взгляд на расчет и интерпретацию проанализированных показателей.

The author in this article substantiates the relevance of assessing the quality of public financial management in order to increase the efficiency of use of public finance. The development of the methodology for assessing the quality of financial management by the chief administrators of the federal budget for the period from 2008 to 2019 is analyzed. Methodological aspects of determining the final assessment of the quality of financial management are investigated. In particular, it analyzes the calculation of some indicators of the operational efficiency of budget expenditures and gives their interpretation. The author's view on the calculation and interpretation of the analyzed indicators is presented.
9.4. Agent-based modelling of digital twin of a region: cluster-based approach
Authors: Бекларян Г.Л. , Акопов А.С.
Published: September 2020

В данной статье представлен новый кластерно-ориентированный подход к моделированию цифрового двойника региона, в основе которого – механизм взаимодействия агентов-индивидуумов и рабочих мест, создаваемых государством. Важной особенностью предлагаемой имитационной модели является принятие во внимание внутрирегиональных миграционных процессов, относящихся, в частности, к перераспределению трудовых ресурсов от периферии к центру и в обратном направлении в зависимости от уровня привлекательности соответствующих целевых кластеров: промышленного (центр) и сельскохозяйственных (периферия). В результате исследована динамика социально-экономической системы региона в зависимости от государственных инвестиций в создание и поддержку новых рабочих мест и др. Продемонстрировано, что в условиях преимущественного развития промышленного кластера и деградации сельскохозяйственных наблюдается падение численности населения (депопуляция) и уменьшение темпов роста валового регионального продукта в долгосрочной перспективе, обусловленное в основном внутренней миграцией населения в промышленный центр региона, характеризуемый существенными барьерами для создания семьи и рождения детей. И, напротив, стратегия сбалансированного развития промышленного и сельскохозяйственных кластеров позволяет существенно улучшить динамику макроэкономических характеристик региона.

This article presents a new cluster-based approach to modelling the ‘digital twin’ of a region, which is based on the interaction mechanism of agent-individuals and workplaces created by the government. The important feature of the proposed simulation is taking into account intra-regional migration processes, related, in particular, to the moving labour resources from the periphery to the regional center and back, depending on the level of attractiveness of corresponding target clusters: the industrial (center) and agricultural (periphery). As a result, it is investigated the dynamics of the regional socio-economic system depending on government expenditure to the creation and support of new workplaces etc. At the same time, it is demonstrated that in conditions of the prevailing development of the industrial cluster and degradation agricultural is observed decreasing the population size (a depopulation) and growth rates of the Gross Regional Product (GRP) in the long period due to the internal migration of the population to the regional industrial center that is characterized by significant barriers for creating a family and having children. In contrast, the strategy of balanced development of industrial and agricultural clusters can significantly improve the dynamics of the regional macroeconomic characteristics.
8.5. Problems of morality in the financial sphere
Authors: Морозов В.А.
Published: September 2020

В статье рассмотрены общие аспекты критики спекуляции в искажении рыночных цен и нанесения ущерба потребителям. Представлены некоторые преимущества спекуляции в принятии на себя рисков, а также дополнении информацией рынков и повышению их ликвидности. Раскрыты различия между спекуляцией, манипуляцией и раздуванием цен. Выявлены также различия между спекуляцией и излишней спекуляцией. Определено место спекуляции на рынке и ее социальная полезность в отличие от спекуляции других направлений: азартные игры, ценовая манипуляция и раздувание цен.

The article discusses the General aspects of criticism of speculation in distorting market prices and causing harm to consumers. There are some advantages of speculation in taking risks, as well as adding information to markets and increasing their liquidity. The differences between speculation, manipulation and "inflating" prices are revealed. There are also differences between speculation and excessive speculation. The place of speculation in the market and its social utility in contrast to speculation in other areas is determined: gambling, price manipulation and "inflating" prices.
4.3. EVALUATION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF THE ACTIVITY OF THE CONTROL AND ACCOUNTING BODIES OF THE YAMAL-NENETS AUTONOMOUS DISTRICT
Authors: Пашкова Т.А.
Published: September 2020

Для повышения эффективности деятельности контрольно-счетных органов (КСО) необходимо построить модель оценки эффективности деятельности органов внешнего муниципального финансового контроля, на основе которой можно будет определить пути совершенствования контрольной и экспертно-аналитической деятельности КСО муниципальных образований. Представлены результаты оценки эффективности деятельности муниципальных КСО Ямало-Ненецкого автономного округа с использованием метода оценки на основе N-мерной матрицы. Для повышения эффективности деятельности КСО муниципальных образований предложены стратегии повышения результативности, действенности, интенсивности, экономичности и динамичности контрольной и экспертно-аналитической деятельности.

Problem and purpose. To increase the efficiency of the control and accounting bodies, it is necessary to build a model for assessing the effectiveness of the external municipal financial control bodies, on the basis of which it will be possible to determine the ways to improve the control and expert-analytical activities of the control and accounting bodies of municipalities.
Methodology. The main methods were statistical and comparative analysis, expert questionnaire, synthesis and classification.
Results. The results of assessing the effectiveness of the activities of the municipal control and accounting bodies of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District using the assessment method based on the N-dimensional matrix are presented.
Conclusions. To improve the efficiency of the control and accounting bodies of municipal entities, strategies have been proposed to increase the effectiveness, efficiency, intensity, efficiency and dynamism of control and expert analytical activities.
NuSTAR Hard X-Ray Spectra of Radio Galaxies
Authors: Kang Jialai , Wang Junxian , Kang Wenyong
Published: September 2020

The Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) observatory, with its 3–78 keV broadband spectral coverage, enables the detection of the high-energy cutoff in a number of active galaxies, including several individual radio-loud ones. In this work, we present systematic and uniform analyses of 55 Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) spectra for a large sample of 28 radio galaxies, 20 of which are FR II galaxies. We perform spectral fitting to measure the high-energy cutoff E
cut, photon index Γ, reflection factor R, and Fe Kα line equivalent width (EW). Measurements of E
cut are given for 13 sources, and lower limits are given for the rest. We find that those E
cut nondetections could primarily be attributed to the obviously smaller net photon counts in their spectra. This indicates that the NuSTAR spectra of the majority of our sample are dominated by the thermal coronal emission, and the E
cut distribution of the sample is indistinguishable from that of a radio-quiet one in the literature. The flatter NuSTAR spectra we observed, comparing with radio-quiet sources, are thus unlikely due to jet contamination. The radio galaxies also show weaker X-ray reflection (both in R and Fe Kα line EW) compared with radio-quiet ones. Combining with the radio-quiet sample, we see a correlation between R and EW but with considerably large scatter. Notably, the radio-loud and -quiet sources appear to follow a common Γ–R correlation trend, supporting the outflowing corona model for both populations in which higher bulk outflowing velocity yields weaker reflection and flatter X-ray slope.
A Carbon-enhanced Lyman Limit System: Signature of the First Generation of Stars?
Authors: Zou Siwei , Petitjean Patrick , Noterdaeme Pasquier , Ledoux Cédric , Srianand Raghunathan , Jiang Linhua , Krogager Jens-Kristian
Published: September 2020

We present the study of a Lyman limit system (LLS) at z
abs = 1.5441 toward quasar J134122.50+185213.9 observed with VLT X-shooter. This is a very peculiar system with strong C i absorption seen associated with a neutral hydrogen column density of log N(H i) (cm−2) = 18.10, too small to shield the gas from any external UV flux. The low-ionization absorption lines exhibit a simple kinematic structure consistent with a single component. Using CLOUDY models to correct for ionization, we find that the ionization parameter of the gas is in the range −4.5 < log U < –4.2 and the gas density –1.5 < log n(H) (cm−3) < –1.2. The models suggest that carbon is overabundant relative to iron, [C/Fe] > +2.2 at [Fe/H] ∼–1.6. Such a metal abundance pattern is reminiscent of carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars detected in the Galaxy halo. Metal enrichment by the first generation of supernovae provide a plausible explanation for the inferred abundance pattern in this system.
A Solar Coronal Hole and Fast Solar Wind Turbulence Model and First-orbit Parker Solar Probe (PSP) Observations
Authors: Adhikari L. , Zank G. P. , Zhao L.-L.
Published: September 2020

We propose a turbulence-driven solar wind model for a fast solar wind flow in an open coronal hole where the solar wind flow and the magnetic field are highly aligned. We compare the numerical results of our model with Parker Solar Probe measurements of the fast solar wind flow and find good agreement between them. We find that (1) the majority quasi-2D turbulence is mainly responsible for coronal heating, raising the temperature to about

K within a few solar radii, which leads in turn to the acceleration of the solar wind; (2) the heating rate due to quasi-2D turbulence near the coronal base is larger than that due to nearly incompressible/slab turbulence; (3) the quasi-2D energy in forward-propagating modes decreases with increasing distance, while the nearly incompressible/slab energy in forward-propagating modes increases, reaching a peak value at ∼11.7

before decreasing with increasing heliocentric distance; (4) the correlation length increases with increasing distance from the coronal base; and (5) the variance of the density fluctuations decreases as a function of heliocentric distance.
Haze Formation in Warm H2-rich Exoplanet Atmospheres
Authors: He Chao , Hörst Sarah M. , Lewis Nikole K. , Yu Xinting , Moses Julianne I. , McGuiggan Patricia , Marley Mark S. , Kempton Eliza M.-R. , Morley Caroline V. , Valenti Jeff A. , Vuitton Véronique
Published: September 2020

New observing capabilities coming online over the next few years will provide opportunities for characterization of exoplanet atmospheres. However, clouds/hazes could be present in the atmospheres of many exoplanets, muting the amplitude of spectral features. We use laboratory simulations to explore photochemical haze formation in H2-rich exoplanet atmospheres at 800 K with metallicity either 100 or 1000 times solar. We find that haze particles are produced in both simulated atmospheres with small particle size (20–140 nm) and relatively low production rate (2.4 × 10−5 to 9.7 × 10−5 mg cm−3 hr−1), but the particle size and production rate is dependent on the initial gas mixtures and the energy sources used in the simulation experiments. The gas phase mass spectra show that complex chemical processes happen in these atmospheres and generate new gas products that can further react to form larger molecules and solid haze particles. Two H2-rich atmospheres with similar C/O ratios (∼0.5) yield different haze particle size, haze production rate, and gas products, suggesting that both the elemental abundances and their bonding environments in an atmosphere can significantly affect the photochemistry. There is no methane (CH4) in our initial gas mixtures, although CH4 is often believed to be required to generate organic hazes. However, haze production rates from our experiments with different initial gas mixtures indicate that CH4 is neither required to generate organic hazes nor necessary to promote the organic haze formation. The variety and relative yield of the gas products indicate that CO and N2 enrich chemical reactions in H2-rich atmospheres.
The ABCD/DwC Alignment Working Group: Presenting the results from the TDWG 2020 Workshop
Authors: Fichtmueller David , Güntsch Anton , Blum Stanley
Published: September 2020

ABCD (Access to Biological Collection Data, Holetschek et al. 2012) and DwC (Darwin Core, Wieczorek et al. 2012), are TDWG standards for documenting the occurrence of organisms in nature and/or collections, whether as specimens or observations (i.e., unit-level data), and are used for a wide range of applications. Since 2019, the working group has been investigating ways to enable a closer link and integration of these standards (Blum et al. 2019).

This presentation will summarize the results of the September 2020 workshop of the ABCD/DwC Alignment Working Group as part of the TDWG 2020 Virtual Conference Working Sessions Week. Prior to the workshop, we will have collected use cases for the application of the standards, which will have been analysed and discussed in the workshop itself. On this basis, smaller working groups will have been formed to address technical, organisational, and sociological aspects relevant for an alignment and future maintenance of ABCD and DwC.

The results of these working groups, as well as the general summary of the workshop and the planned next steps of the ABCD/DwC Alignment Working Group will be shown and discussed in this presentation.
Phtheochroa carpatiana sp. nov. (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae), the Carpathian representative of the Phtheochroa frigidana species-group
Authors: Kovács Zoltán , Kovács Sándor , Zlatkov Boyan , Huemer Peter
Published: September 2020

Phtheochroa carpatianasp. nov.is described from the Southern Carpathians (Romania). It is closely related to the other five members of theP. frigidanaspecies-group. Adults, male and female genitalia, and the habitat of the new species are described and figured, molecular data and some details of the biology are given. The species inhabits alpine meadows above 2100 m, the highest regions of the Southern Carpathians. Adults are on the wing from the end of June to the beginning of August.Phtheochroa carpatianademonstrates considerable intraspecific variation in some details of the vesica in the male genitalia.
Horisme exoletata (Herrich-Schäffer, 1838) in southern Italy and description of its larva (Geometridae, Larentiinae)
Authors: Scalercio Stefano , Catania Aldo
Published: September 2020

We report Horisme exoletata (Herrich-Schäffer, 1838) for the first time in Continental Europe: Italy, Calabria. This is a species previously considered endemic to Sicily and Malta, and an addition to the shared fauna of the Calabria and Sicily regions. We provide data concerning the biology of this species in Malta, illustrating the caterpillar for the first time.
An alternative tree method for calibration of the local volatility
Authors: Gong Wenxiu , Xu Zuoliang
Published: September 2020

In this paper, we combine the traditional binomial tree and trinomial tree to construct a new alternative tree pricing model, where the local volatility is a deterministic function of time. We then prove the convergence rates of the alternative tree method. The proposed model can price a wide range of derivatives efficiently and accurately. In addition, we research the optimization approach for the calibration of local volatility. The calibration problem can be transformed into a nonlinear unconstrained optimization problem by exterior penalty method. For the optimization problem, we use the quasi-Newton algorithm. Finally, we test our model by numerical examples and options data on the S & P 500 index. Numerical results confirm the excellent performance of the alternative tree pricing model.
Inmigración, lengua y rendimiento académico en España. Una revisión sistemática de la literatura
Authors: Álvarez-Sotomayor Alberto , Martínez-Cousinou Gloria
Published: September 2020

Desde los años noventa, han proliferado en España los trabajos que abordan las relaciones entre inmigración, dominio de la lengua escolar y rendimiento académico del alumnado con padres inmigrantes. En su mayoría defienden la hipótesis de la desventaja lingüística como clave para explicar su inferior rendimiento académico. Este artículo revisa esta literatura en el marco español, valorando sus contribuciones, limitaciones y lagunas. Pese a los avances, se concluye que la práctica ausencia de estudios que midan simultáneamente el dominio de la lengua escolar y el rendimiento académico imposibilita un conocimiento empírico riguroso de tal relación y, con ello, el contraste de dicha hipótesis. El tamaño de las muestras y de las submuestras de los grupos de origen y el adecuado control de determinadas variables relevantes son señalados como otros obstáculos a salvar en futuras investigaciones.
Water Availability Challenges in Low-Income Areas of Agbowo Community, Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Gbadegesin Tosin Kolajo , Olayide Olawale
Published: September 2020

Water is crucial to life. This has led to the inclusion of a specific water-related target in the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The study by World Health Organization (WHO) stated that about 663 million people worldwide have no adequate access to safe drinking water while UNICEF stated that about 65 million Nigerians have no access to safe water supplies. It is against this background that this study was conducted in Agbowo Community. The community has a high rate of economic poverty and poor living conditions. The study determined the gap between water supply and demand and enumerated physical and socio-economic variables that influence water availability. The study noted that a significant number of respondents expressed optimism despite the seriousness of the challenges and recommended massive remediation of the area as most of the water sources are contaminated by sewage.
Mouse 4T1 Breast Cancer Cell–Derived Exosomes Induce Proinflammatory Cytokine Production in Macrophages via miR-183
Authors: Guo Jian , Duan Zhaojun , Zhang Chen , Wang Wei , He Huiwen , Liu Yan , Wu Peng , Wang Shengnan , Song Mingcheng , Chen Huilin , Chen Chong , Si Qin , Xiang Rong , Luo Yunping
Published: September 2020

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a critical role in the tumor inflammatory microenvironment and facilitate tumor growth and metastasis. Most types of tumors aberrantly express microRNAs (miRNAs), which can be transferred between cells by exosomes and can regulate gene expression in recipient cells, but it remains unclear whether tumor-derived miRNAs are transferred by exosomes and regulate the TAM phenotype. We report that mouse 4T1 breast cancer cell–derived exosomes enhanced TAM expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α and that inhibition of 4T1-cell exosome secretion through short hairpin RNA–mediated Rab27a/b depletion repressed tumor growth and metastasis and markedly downregulated IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in a 4T1 breast tumor model. Furthermore, miRNA expression profiling revealed that three miRNAs (miR-100-5p, miR-183-5p, and miR-125b-1-3p) were considerably more abundant in 4T1 cell exosomes than in mouse bone marrow–derived macrophages, indicating potential exosome-mediated transfer of the miRNAs, and, notably, miR-183-5p was found to be transferred from 4T1 cells to macrophages through exosomes. Moreover, PPP2CA was verified as an miR-183-5p target gene, and PPP2CA downregulation enhanced NF-κB signaling and promoted macrophage expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Lastly, when miR-183-5p was downregulated in exosomes through miR-183-5p sponge expression in 4T1 cells, these 4T1-derived exosomes triggered diminished p65 phosphorylation and IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α secretion, and the miRNA downregulation also led to repression of tumor growth and metastasis in the 4T1 breast tumor model in vivo. Thus, miR-183-5p expressed in tumor cells was transferred to macrophages by exosomes and promoted the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines by inhibiting PPP2CA expression, which contributed to tumor progression in a breast cancer model.
Multiple Extra-Splanchnic Venous Thromboses—An Unusual Vascular Complication of Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Parmeshwar Ramesh Junare , Sanjay Chandnani , Udgirkar Suhas , Sujit Nair , Prasanta Debnath , Ammar Modi , Partha Debnath , Shubham Jain , Thanage Ravi , Pravin Rathi , Qais Contractor
Published: September 2020

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an acute inflammatory process of the pancreas with variable clinical presentations. Splanchnic venous thrombosis is a well-known vascular complication of AP and commonly present as thrombosis of the splanchnic venous system: splenic vein (SplV), portal vein (PV) and superior mesenteric vein (SMV), either separately or in combinations. Involvement of extra-splanchnic vessels is rare and associated with morbidity and mortality. Vascular complications are late phenomena and usually associated with local complications of AP, namely acute fluid collections, necrotizing pancreatitis and walled-off pancreatic necrosis. Pathogenesis of venous thrombosis is multifactorial in which pancreatic inflammation and systemic inflammatory response play a key role. At present, there are no consensus guidelines on treatment and use of anticoagulation for venous thrombosis in the setting of AP. Limited literature suggests the use of anticoagulation in presence of PV with or without SMV thrombosis and extrasplanchnic vessel involvement. Literature on extra-splanchnic vessels involvement in acute pancreatitis is sparse. Here we present two cases with multiple extra-splanchnic vessels involvement and their management.
A Simulation Study Assessing the Viability of Shifting the Location of Peak In-Cylinder Pressure in Motored Experiments
Authors: Sammut Gilbert , Pipitone Emiliano , Caruana Carl , Farrugia Mario
Published: September 2020

Hybrid powertrains utilize an engine to benefit from the power density of the liquid fuel to extend the range of the vehicle. On the other hand, the electric machine is used for; transient operation, for very low loads and where legislation prohibits any gaseous and particulate emissions. Consequently, the operating points of an engine nowadays shifted from its conventional, broad range of speed and load to a narrower operating range of high thermal efficiency. This requires a departure from conventional engine architecture, meaning that analytical models used to predict the behavior of the engines early in the design cycle are no longer always applicable. Friction models are an example of sub-models which struggle with previously unexplored engine architectures. The “pressurized motored” method has proven to be a simple experimental setup which allows a robust FMEP determination against which engine friction simulation can be fine-tuned. This is due to the elimination of the experimental variability introduced by combustion, whilst retaining the fired-like load on the cranktrain, as reported in SAE 2018-01-0121. It employs a “shunt pipe” recirculating air from the exhaust back into the intake, therefore requiring very little air supply demands. The temperature of the bulk gas was also maintained similar to that of a fired engine with the use of Argon as the working gas, reported in SAE 2019-01-0930. Mixtures of Argon-to-air were also used to investigate the effect of temperature on FMEP, published in SAE 2019-24-0141 and SAE 2020-01-1063. This leaves one pending criticism of the pressurized motoring method - that of having a relatively fixed location of peak pressure (≈1DegCA BTDC), when compared to a fired engine, which is around 10DegCA for CI and 20DegCA for SI. In this publication, a simulation investigation is performed to assess the viability and extent of an experimental modification to the pressurized motoring method, involving the use of small fuel injections to shift the location of peak pressure in the aim of replicating better the fired engine, whilst retaining the benefits of a motored setup.