bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimizing Between-Session Reliability for Quadriceps Peak Torque and Rate of Torque Development Measures
Authors: Grindstaff Terry L. , Palimenio Marcus R. , Franco Matthew , Anderson Dillon , Bagwell Jennifer J. , Katsavelis Dimitrios
Published: October 2018

Grindstaff, TL, Palimenio, MR, Franco, M, Anderson, D, Bagwell, JJ, and Katsavelis, D. Optimizing between-session reliability for quadriceps peak torque and rate of torque development measures. J Strength Cond Res 33(7): 1840–1847, 2019—Quadriceps peak torque and rate of torque development (RTD) have relevance for athletic performance and recovery after knee injury. The number of repetitions performed to determine RTD varies between studies, and the associated measurement error has not been established. The purpose of this study was to determine the number of repetitions necessary to optimize the between-session reliability for isometric quadriceps peak torque and RTD measures and to quantify estimates of measurement error. Twenty participants (age = 21.7 ± 1.7 years, height = 172.5 ± 16.0 cm, body mass = 76.0 ± 15.5 kg, and Tegner = 7.1 ± 1.2) volunteered for this study. Quadriceps isometric peak torque and RTD (50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 ms, and maximum torque) were obtained during 2 testing sessions. Between-session reliability was determined using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC2,k), using the minimal detectable change (MDC) and coefficient of variation (CoV) to quantify measurement error. Between-session reliability was best maximized by using the average of the 3 repetitions with the highest peak torque. Reliability was good for quadriceps peak torque (ICC2,3 = 0.98; MDC = 51.1 N·m; CoV = 38.0%) and ranged from moderate to good for quadriceps RTD measures (ICC2,3 = 0.61 to 0.91; MDC = 264.8 to 738.3 N·m·s−1; CoV = 38.1–57.9%). Measures of late RTD were less variable and more reliable than early RTD and average RTD measures. These results provide confidence when measuring between-session changes for late RTD measures, but changes in early RTD may be more difficult to distinguish from measurement error. Methods should be used to minimize variability between repetitions and sessions.
Pacing Profiles of Olympic and IAAF World Championship Long-Distance Runners
Authors: Filipas Luca , La Torre Antonio , Hanley Brian
Published: October 2018

Filipas, L, La Torre, A, and Hanley, B. Pacing profiles of Olympic and International Association of Athletics Federations World Championship long-distance runners. J Strength Cond Res 35(4): 1134–1140, 2021—The aim of this study was to analyze the pacing profiles of Olympic and International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) World Championship long-distance finalists, including the relationship with their recent best times. The times for each 1,000-m split were obtained for 394 men and women in 5,000- and 10,000-m finals at 5 championships. Athletes' best times from the previous 32 months were also obtained. Similar pacing profiles were used by athletes grouped by finishing position in 5,000-m races. Women adopted a more even pacing behavior, highlighting a possible sex-based difference over this distance. Pacing behavior over 10,000 m was more similar between men and women compared with over 5,000 m. The main difference between men and women was that in the men's 10,000 m, as in the men's 5,000 m, more athletes were able to follow the leading group until the final stages. There were large or very large correlations between athletes' best times from the previous 32 months and their result; the fastest finishers also ran closer to their previous 32 months' best times. Despite differences in pacing behavior between events, long-distance runners should nonetheless stay close to the front from the beginning to win a medal.
Theory and Application of the Internal Leakage Detection of Open-Circuit Hydraulic Systems Based on Active Hydraulic Test Technology
Authors: Chenggang Yang , Jingyi Zhao , Hao Sun , Lixuan Yang , Ruixin Zhang
Published: October 2018

With the rapid development of hydraulic technology, hydraulic systems have become more complex, and the detection of internal leakage is becoming more and more difficult. A fast and accurate approach is required to detect the internal leakage of a hydraulic system. This article describes the theory and application of the internal leakage detection of open-circuit hydraulic systems based on Active Hydraulic Test Technology. The theory of Active Hydraulic Test Technology is introduced, a leakage model and an online detection model of an open-circuit hydraulic system are established, and the total leakage of the hydraulic system is theoretically analyzed. A theoretical analysis of the leakage test method for the main control oil circuit and branch components is also conducted. Through applied research on a hydraulic system of a 1,250-ton forging machine, the effectiveness of the method for detecting the internal leakage fault of a complex hydraulic system is verified.
Investigation on Microwave Heating Technology for Rutting Maintenance in Asphalt Pavement
Authors: Wu Shuyin , Yang Jun , Yang Ruochong , Zhu Jipeng , Liu Song
Published: October 2018

As one of the major diseases of asphalt pavement, rutting has become an important research topic. The current treatment method of rutting generally requires the milling of asphalt layers and construction of a new overlay, which is time-consuming and costly. Microwave heating is a promising technology for asphalt pavement maintenance. This research aimed to introduce microwave heating into the in situ rutting rehabilitation. The effects of microwaves on the aging of asphalt and mechanical properties of asphalt mixtures were discussed. The mechanism and effects of microwave maintenance were explored at the macroscopic and microscopic scale with the British Pendulum Test, X-ray Computed Tomography, Asphalt Extraction Test, and Discrete Element Method. The experiments showed that the microwaves have little negative effect on the performance of asphalt and asphalt mixtures. The analysis of the formation process of rutting showed that asphalt or asphalt cement shows bottom-up migration while the coarse aggregates move down. Overall, the research indicates that the general effect of microwave maintenance is an improvement in the rutting resistance of asphalt pavement, suggesting that rutting maintenance using microwave heating is feasible in practice.
A Compensation Method for Spiral Error of Pipeline Bending Strain In-Line Inspection
Authors: Liu Shucong , Zheng Dezhi , Dai Mengxi , Chen Pengchao
Published: October 2018

The in-line inspection tool with an inertia measurement unit (IMU tool) is used to measure the centerline coordinate and bending strain for the oil and gas pipeline. In order to prevent the partial wear during inspection, the tool is used to install the supporting wheel at a regular angle to rotate circumferentially. However, the spiral errors are produced during the course of inspection and thus affect the accuracy of centerline and bending strain. To improve the inspection precision and reduce the incidences of spiral error, this article presents a spiral error compensation method not only to improve the inspection precision of centerline mapping, but also to calibrate and compensate for the bending strain of pipeline. The field pull through test was carried out in a section of oil pipeline, and the results showed that the spiral error could practically be eliminated, with the maximum repetition error reducing from 0.17 to 0.06 m, and the precision of pipeline bending strain descending effectively from 0.04 to 0.02 %. The proposed method proved to be effective for improving the inspection accuracy of pipeline displacement and strain inspection.
Modified Prototypes of Rotary Arm–Type Test System Using a Small Ball Probe for Determination of Cooling Characteristics of Quenchants
Authors: Arimoto Kyozo , Shimaoka Mitsuyoshi , Ikuta Fumiaki
Published: October 2018

Performances of quenchants have been enhanced and maintained based on their cooling characteristics as determined by specific test systems. A rotary arm–type test system with a small ball probe has been developed for this purpose by making prototypes. The unique concept, derived mainly from a circular motion of a small ball probe in quenchants, was proposed by Tawara in 1941. The prototypes have been realized by current heating, measuring, and mechatronic techniques. The material used for the probe has changed from nickel alloy to platinum to resolve the discoloration and thermal aging problems on the probe surface. The performance of the prototypes has been verified by systematic tests using specific quenchants under some cooling conditions.
Editor's Welcome
Authors: Radice Martha
Published: October 2018

Martha Radice, Editor-in-Chief, sums up the recent changes to The Journal for Undergraduate Ethnography and presents the new issue.
The effect of obesity and dietary habits on oxidative stress in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Authors: Giannakou Maria , Saltiki Katerina , Mantzou Emily , Loukari Eleni , Philippou Georgios , Terzidis Konstantinos , Stavrianos Charalampos , Kyprianou Miltiades , Psaltopoulou Theodora , Karatzi Kalliopi , Alevizaki Maria
Published: October 2018

Objective

Increased oxidative stress has been described in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT). The aim of the present study was to investigate whether high oxidative stress is further influenced by obesity and dietary habits in euthyroid women with HT.

Methods

Two hundred eighteen consecutive euthyroid women with HT were studied and separated in two groups; 102 with thyroxine replacement and 114 without. For the evaluation of oxidative stress, total lipid peroxide levels in serum (TOS) were measured and recoded as ‘high TOS’ vs ‘medium/low TOS’. The type of food and consumption frequency were recorded. Two binary variables were considered; normal vs low fruit consumption and daily vs sporadic vegetable consumption.

Results

‘High TOS’ was more frequent in women under thyroxine replacement (31.4% vs 14.7%, OR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.4–5.2). The prevalence of ‘high TOS’ was higher among overweight/obese women compared to women with normal BMI (30.4% vs 12.5%, OR = 3.1, 95% CI: 1.5–6.4). Low fruit consumption was associated with increased ‘high TOS’ prevalence (30.6% vs 12.9%, OR = 3.0, 95% CI: 1.4–6.2). Sporadic vegetable consumption was associated with increased ‘high TOS’ prevalence compared to daily consumption (29.9% vs 13.5%, OR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.3–5.7). The examined risk factors were independent and additive in their effect on TOS. At least three risk factors had to be concomitantly present for the likelihood of ‘high TOS’ to be significantly elevated.

Conclusions

Oxidative stress is increased in women with HT under thyroxine replacement. Nevertheless, normal BMI, daily fruit and vegetable consumption, all contribute in maintaining oxidative stress at low levels.
Strain-specific metastatic phenotypes in pheochromocytoma allograft mice
Authors: Ullrich Martin , Liers Josephine , Peitzsch Mirko , Feldmann Anja , Bergmann Ralf , Sommer Ulrich , Richter Susan , Bornstein Stefan R , Bachmann Michael , Eisenhofer Graeme , Ziegler Christian G , Pietzsch Jens
Published: October 2018

Somatostatin receptor-targeting endoradiotherapy offers potential for treating metastatic pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas, an approach likely to benefit from combination radiosensitization therapy. To provide reliable preclinicalin vivomodels of metastatic disease, this study characterized the metastatic spread of luciferase-expressing mouse pheochromocytoma (MPC) cells in mouse strains with different immunologic conditions. Bioluminescence imaging showed that, in contrast to subcutaneous non-metastatic engraftment of luciferase-expressing MPC cells in NMRI-nude mice, intravenous cell injection provided only suboptimal metastatic spread in both NMRI-nude mice and hairless SCID (SHO) mice. Treatment of NMRI-nude mice with anti-Asialo GM1 serum enhanced metastatic spread due to substantial depletion of natural killer (NK) cells. However, reproducible metastatic spread was only observed in NK cell-defective SCID/beige mice and in hairless immunocompetent SKH1 mice bearing disseminated or liver metastases, respectively. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry of urine samples showed that subcutaneous and metastasized tumor models exhibit comparable renal monoamine excretion profiles characterized by increasing urinary dopamine, 3-methoxytyramine, norepinephrine and normetanephrine. Metastases-related epinephrine and metanephrine were only detectable in SCID/beige mice. Positron emission tomography and immunohistochemistry revealed that all metastases maintained somatostatin receptor-specific radiotracer uptake and immunoreactivity, respectively. In conclusion, we demonstrate that intravenous injection of luciferase-expressing MPC cells into SCID/beige and SKH1 mice provides reproducible and clinically relevant spread of catecholamine-producing and somatostatin receptor-positive metastases. These standardized preclinical models allow for precise monitoring of disease progression and should facilitate further investigations on theranostic approaches against metastatic pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas.
Hypothalamic PDE3B deficiency alters body weight and glucose homeostasis in mouse
Authors: Sahu Maitrayee , Anamthathmakula Prashanth , Sahu Abhiram
Published: October 2018

Pharmacological studies have suggested hypothalamic phosphodiesterase-3B to mediate leptin and insulin action in regulation of energy homeostasis. Whereas Pde3b-null mice show altered energy homeostasis, it is unknown whether this is due to ablation of Pde3b in the hypothalamus. Thus, to address the functional significance of hypothalamic phosphodiesterase-3B, we used Pde3b
flox/flox
and Nkx2.1-Cre mice to generate Pde3b
Nkx2.1KD mice that showed 50% reduction of phosphodiesterase-3B in the hypothalamus. To determine the effect of partial ablation of phosphodiesterase-3B in the hypothalamus on energy and glucose homeostasis, males and females were subjected to either a low- or high-fat diet for 19–21 weeks. Only female but not male Pde3b
Nkx2.1KD mice on the low-fat diet showed increased body weight from 13 weeks onward with increased food intake, decreased fat pad weights and hypoleptinemia. Glucose tolerance was improved in high-fat diet-fed male Pde3b
Nkx2.1KD mice in association with decreased phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase-1 and glucose-6-phosphatase mRNA levels in the liver. Also, insulin sensitivity was increased in male Pde3b
Nkx2.1KD mice on the low-fat diet. Changes in body weight or in glucose homeostasis were not associated with any alteration in hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin, neuropepide Y and agouti-related peptide mRNA levels. These results suggest that partial loss of phosphodiesterase-3B in the hypothalamus produces a sex-specific response in body weight and glucose homeostasis, and support a role, at least in part, for hypothalamic phosphodiesterase-3B in regulation of energy and glucose homeostasis in mice.
Quimera: a simulation platform based on the code Geant4 for dose evaluation in radiotherapy
Authors: Holanda de Oliveira Alex Cristóvão , Vieira Jose Wilson , Lima Fernando Roberto de Andrade
Published: October 2018

This work describes the development and validation of a simulation platform, called Quimera, based on the Monte Carlo (MC) code Geant4 for dose evaluation in radiotherapy. Quimera consists of two MC applications (qMATphantoms and qNCTphantoms) for dose evaluation from a phase-space and a graphical user interface (qGUI). qMATphantoms is aimed for modeling of physical phantoms used in quality control. NCT phantoms are built from computed tomography (CT) images of patient or physical phantom using a conversion method of CT numbers (NCT). qGUI has the function of creating or editing input files, running the MC applications and ana-lyzing results. MC applications were validated by comparison of dose distributions, whose results were in agreement with the quality assurance standards. qGUI is a differential concerning other Geant4 applications for radiotherapy and can be used for dose distribution analysis from other MC applications. Quimera can be used for research, simple treatment planning and quality assurance in photon beam radiotherapy
Antecedents of Obesity Among Children Born Extremely Preterm
Authors: Wood Charles T. , Linthavong Olivia , Perrin Eliana M. , Leviton Alan , Allred Elizabeth N. , Kuban Karl C.K. , O’Shea T. Michael ,   on behalf of the ELGAN Study Investigators
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND:

Childhood obesity is a pervasive public health problem with risk factors such as maternal prepregnancy BMI and rapid infant weight gain. Although catch-up weight gain promotes more favorable neurodevelopment among infants born preterm, it is not clear whether faster weight gain early in life, or other correlates of preterm birth, are associated with later obesity in this population.

METHODS:

We used prospective data from the multicenter, observational Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborn Study. Among 1506 eligible individuals in the initial cohort, 1198 were eligible for follow-up at 10 years of age. We examined BMI in 871 children (58% of the cohort; 74% of survivors) and analyzed relationships between antecedents and overweight or obesity at 10 years of age. A time-oriented approach to multinomial multivariable regression enabled us to calculate odds of overweight and obesity associated with pre- and postnatal antecedents.

RESULTS:

Prepregnancy maternal BMI ≥25 and top quartile infant weight gain in the first year were associated with increased risk of both overweight and obesity at 10 years of age. Single marital status was a risk factor for later child obesity and exposure to tobacco smoke was a risk factor for later child overweight.

CONCLUSIONS:

The risk profiles for overweight and obesity at 10 years of age among children born extremely preterm appear to be similar to the risk profiles of overweight and obesity among children born at term.
Tra beatitudine ed im-potere: note sull’avvenire del biopolitico (Deleuze vs Derrida)
Authors: Lembo Pietro
Published: October 2018

partendo dal pensiero foucaultiano, ed in particolare dalla tesi secondo cui la rottura epistemologica tra sovranità e biopolitica avrebbe svelato la consustanzialità tra potere e vita, il presente contributo intende rintracciare nelle filosofie francesi della differenza, ossia nel pensiero di Deleuze e di Derrida, due filosofie della vita che, nel pensare il nesso tra vita e potere in modo antitetico, risultano imprescindibili qualora si voglia riflettere circa l’avvenire della bipolitica.
A Atualidade da Criminologia Crítica: Pensamento Criminológico, Controle Social e Violência Institucional
Authors: De Carvalho Salo
Published: October 2018

O ensaio discute e afirma a atualidade da Criminologia Crítica a partir da identificação de sua emergência na Escola de Frankfurt e, em consequência, dos vínculos entre a constituição do saber criminológico crítico e a crítica das violências institucionais. Ao apresentar as diferenças entre as teorias tradicional e crítica, aponta as relações entre razão jurídica e razão instrumental e direciona o enfoque aos autores do círculo externo da Escola de Frankfurt que enfrentaram a questão penal (Rusche, Kirchheimer, Neumann e Fromm). Ao final, projeta formas de atuação do saber crítico nos campos da Criminologia e do Direito Penal.
Biopolítica e Biocapitalismo: implicações da violência do controle
Authors: Amaral Augusto Jobim do
Published: October 2018

Como fundamento da constituição de uma crítica política do presente, frente a estratégias biopolíticas do capital que dispõem a vida tanto como sujeito quanto objeto da política, necessário sempre atentar para suas metamorfoses e reconfigurações. Os dispositivos de poder neoliberal, em especial que se exercem sobre a população, a vida e os vivos e que penetram todas as esferas da existência, mobilizando-as inteiramente, ademais, transformam-nas em cativas do medo e da solidão, cenário frutífero para a proliferação de tecnologias de controle. O biocapitalismo, portanto, para além de uma dinâmica econômica, pontua a amálgama de técnicas soberanas, disciplinares e securitárias de controle, investindo para a totalidade da sociedade como forma de auto-exploração e de expansão imaterial da produção.
Apresentação
Authors: Leite de Castro Fabio Caprio , Zapata Maximiliano
Published: October 2018

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Experiência formativa: crítica e paradoxo
Authors: Hermann Nadja
Published: October 2018

O artigo analisa a crítica social de Adorno, apontando os laços entre formação, sujeito e condições sociais e os efeitos para a educação (Bildung). A despeito da tradição neo-humanista e idealista e das certezas emancipatórias, a formação mostra sua face ilusória. É justamente em relação às questões educativas que o pensamento crítico de Adorno mais revela sua atualidade e potência para mostrar os paradoxos da própria educação. De tal crítica - apesar do paradoxo - decorrem determinadas exigências expressas numa dimensão ético-política e numa dimensão estética para a experiência formativa, cuja potência pode romper com o caráter meramente adaptativo da educação.
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotypes in Hungary
Authors: Sárközi Rita , Makrai László , Fodor László
Published: October 2018

A total of 255 Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolates were collected from 634 lung samples representing 70 swine herds in Hungary between January 2012 and June 2016. On the basis of the indirect haemagglutination test 77 independent strains were included in the evaluation after the elimination of duplicate or multiple serotypes from the same herd. In the case of 7 herds strains of two different serotypes were identified. Fourteen Hungarian A. pleuropneumoniae isolates from the culture collection of the Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, isolated before 2012, were also included in the evaluation (one each from 12 herds and two each from two herds, where two serotypes occurred). Out of the altogether 91 A. pleuropneumoniae strains 72 strains belonged to biotype I and 19 strains could be allocated to biotype II. In Hungary, the most common serotypes were serotype 2 (39.5%), 13 (15.4%), 8 (8.8%) and 16 (8.8%), but serotypes 9 (5.5%), 11 (3.3%) and 12 (3.3%) were also isolated. Twelve strains (13.2%) were untypable.
Data on the epidemiology and pathology of anatipestifer disease in Hungary (2010–2014)
Authors: Gyuris Éva , Nemes Csaba , Magyar Tibor
Published: October 2018

Anatipestifer disease is a contagious disease caused by Riemerella anatipestifer, affecting primarily ducks, geese and turkeys, and characterised by listlessness, diarrhoea, sneezing, nasal discharge, and nervous signs. Sporadically, it occurs in a wide range of other domesticated and wild birds as well. The incidence and characteristics of the disease seen in the three main host species are summarised based on birds submitted for routine laboratory investigation in Hungary over the period 2010–2014. The infection was diagnosed in a higher percentage in geese (9.9%) and ducks (7.5%). It occurred in 5-day-old to 17-week-old geese and 3- to 6.5-week-old ducks, respectively. The pathological lesions were comparable in these two species: enlarged spleen, serofibrinous pericarditis, perihepatitis, airsacculitis, catarrhal enteritis, subcutaneous oedema and hyperaemia over the cranium, mucopurulent exudate in the nasal cavity and occasionally pneumonia, conjunctivitis, purulent arthritis and caseous salpingitis. In some cases, R. anatipestifer produced only secondary lesions, which complicated other diseases such as circovirus infection, mycotoxicosis, mycoplasmosis, or Derzsy’s disease. In turkeys, the disease occurred rarely (0.5%) and at an older age (12 to 19 weeks). The lesions most frequently seen were purulent osteomyelitis of the cranium and seropurulent meningitis. Purulent osteomyelitis in the cranium caused by R. anatipestifer infection had not been reported in turkeys previously. To various extents, other local lesions such as serofibrinous pericarditis, airsacculitis, arthritis, and in one case septicaemia were also observed. The high incidence of the disease in waterfowl underlines the importance of appropriate treatment and prevention that should be based on accurate diagnosis and antimicrobial susceptibility testing, proper biosecurity and vaccination with regard to the serotype(s) present on the farm.
Effect of dietary cereal type, crude protein and butyrate supplementation on metabolic parameters of broilers
Authors: Petrilla Janka , Mátis Gábor , Kulcsár Anna , Talapka Petra , Bíró Enikő , Mackei Máté , Fébel Hedvig , Neogrády Zsuzsanna
Published: October 2018

This study investigates the metabolic effects of maize- or wheat-based diets with normal (NP) and lowered (LP) dietary crude protein level [the latter supplemented with limiting amino acids and sodium (n-)butyrate at 1.5 g/kg diet] at different phases of broiler fattening. Blood samples of Ross 308 broilers were tested at the age of 1, 3 and 6 weeks. Total protein (TP) concentration increased in wheat-based and decreased in LP groups in week 3, while butyrate reduced albumin/TP ratio in week 1. Uric acid level was elevated by wheat-based diet in week 1 and by wheat-based diet and butyrate in week 3, but decreased in LP groups in weeks 3 and 6. Aspartate aminotransferase activity was increased by wheat-based diet in week 3, and creatine kinase activity was intensified by LP in weeks 3 and 6. Blood glucose level decreased in wheat-based groups in week 3; however, triglyceride concentration was augmented in the same groups in week 3. No change of glucagon-like peptide 1, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and insulin concentration was observed. In conclusion, an age-dependent responsiveness of broilers to dietary factors was found, dietary cereal type was a potent modulator of metabolism, and a low crude protein diet supplemented with limiting amino acids might have a beneficial impact on the growth of chickens.
Description of Henneguya jaczoi sp. n. (myxosporea, myxobolidae) from Perca fluviatilis (L.) (pisces, percidae) with some remarks on the systematics of Henneguya spp. of european fishes
Authors: Székely Csaba , Borzák Réka , Molnár Kálmán
Published: October 2018

A new Henneguya species, H. jaczoi sp. n., is described from perch (Perca fluviatilis) from Lake Balaton, Hungary. This species infects the palatal region of the fish, forming large plasmodia in the thickened caudal part of the buccal cavity and at the dorsal ends of the cartilaginous gill arches. The species differs from the gill-dwelling Henneguya species of perch and pike (Esox lucius) both morphologically and in molecular aspects. The authors conclude that the type species H. psorospermica Thélohan is a specific parasite of pike, while the species forming plasmodia in the gills of perch corresponds to H. texta Cohn, which was hitherto regarded as a synonym of H. psorospermica. Besides the above-mentioned species, H. creplini was frequently found in pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) and Volga pikeperch (Sander volgensis), but no Henneguya infection has been recorded in ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernua), which is a common percid fish of the lake and is known to be the type host species for H. creplini.
Is twin pregnancy, calving and pregnancy loss predictable by serum pregnancy-specific protein b (pspb) concentration 28–35 days after ai in dairy cows?
Authors: Szelényi Zoltán , Balogh Orsolya Gabriella , Lopez-Gatius Fernando , Garcia-Ispierto Irina , Krikó Eszter , Gábor György
Published: October 2018

Double ovulation occurs more frequently in multiparous cows with high milk production than in primiparous cows and the rate of twin pregnancy/calving is increasing worldwide. Diagnosis of twin pregnancy is possible by ultrasound at the time of early pregnancy examination [28–34 days after artificial insemination (AI)]. Pregnancy proteins are also well-known indicators of gestation. The risk of pregnancy loss during the first trimester of gestation for cows carrying twins is three to nine times higher than for cows carrying singletons. Pregnancy-specific protein B (PSPB) is a good indicator not only of pregnancy but also of pregnancy loss. The aims of this study were (a) to collect calving data in some Hungarian Holstein-Friesian herds (n = 7,300) to compare PSPB serum concentrations (measured 29–35 days post insemination) in twin- and singleton-calving cows (Trial 1), and (b) to check the predictive value of PSPB serum concentration for twin pregnancy and pregnancy loss in high-producing Spanish Holstein-Friesian cows (n = 98; Trial 2). Our results showed almost 7% twin calving rate. Although hormonal treatments are commonly believed to be major causes of twin pregnancies, our data do not support this hypothesis. The only exception is the single PGF injection, which significantly increased twin calving. No effect of milk production on the risk of twin pregnancy was found, and twin pregnancy increased with parity. The AI bull, the bull’s sire, the bull’s grandfather and the cow’s father also affected twin calving (P ≤ 0.02). We found much higher frequency of twin calving in cows diagnosed pregnant with higher than 3 ng/ml serum PSPB concentrations at 29–35 days after insemination. In Trial 2, non-significant but well-marked differences were found in PSPB serum concentration between singleton- and twin-pregnant cow samples (2.1 and 2.9 ng/ml) at different bleeding times. Probably the small size of the study population and the effects of milk production on PSPB values may explain this lack of significance.
Cytological and bacteriological sampling from filters used for embryo recovery to evaluate the uterine status of donor mares
Authors: Pérez-Marín Carlos Carmelo , Vizuete Guillermo , Borge Carmen , Galisteo Juan Jose
Published: October 2018

While testing for uterine bacterial infection is usually performed prior to artificial insemination (AI), samples taken during or after embryo flushing are generally not assessed either in subfertile and old mares or in fertile mares, even though knowledge of the status of the uterine environment in which the embryo is to develop would help to predict the outcome of embryo transfer programmes. The presence of bacteria and inflammatory cells in the liquid retained in the filter after uterine flushing in donors was determined at the moment of embryo recovery. Primarily, a group of mares (n = 8) displaying evident clinical signs of endometritis was selected to evaluate the cytological and bacteriological findings in filters after uterine flushing and in uterine cotton swabs. Two uterine samples (for cytological and bacterial evaluation) were taken with cotton swabs and, subsequently, the uterus was flushed and the efflux was also subjected to bacteriological and cytological analysis. Later, a group of donors (n = 20) was also involved to evaluate the presence of bacteria and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). After embryo flushing and collection, the efflux retained in the filter was evaluated by cytology and bacteriology. A sterile cotton swab was then scrubbed on the filter mesh, and a bacterial culture was performed. The embryo recovery rate was 30% (n = 6);Escherichia coliwas isolated in one efflux sample collected from embryo-productive flushings, while the other five samples were negative by culture. Bacterial growth (not considered as contamination) was observed in a total of three samples, although no inflammatory cells were detected. Bacteria were isolated in endometrial samples collected after embryo flushing in donor mares, although inflammatory cells were never present in the uterus of mares from which embryos were recovered. In the absence of clinical signs, cytological and/or bacteriological samplings are not very useful for estimating the success of embryo recovery in donor mares, but evaluation of the filter and efflux after uterine flushing in donors may provide valuable information regarding uterine status at embryo collection.
Adenoviruses of the most ancient primate lineages support the theory on virus−host co-evolution
Authors: Podgorski Iva I. , Pantó Laura , Földes Katalin , de Winter Iris , Jánoska Máté , Sós Endre , Chenet Baptiste , Harrach Balázs , Benkő Mária
Published: October 2018

The scarcity or complete lack of information on the adenoviruses (AdVs) occurring in the most ancient non-human primates resulted in the initiation of a study for exploring their abundance and diversity in prosimians and New World monkeys (NWMs). In order to assess the variability of these AdVs and the possible signs of the hypothesised virus−host co-evolution, samples from almost every family of NWMs and prosimians were screened for the presence of AdVs. A PCRscreening of 171 faecal or organ samples from live or dead, captive or wild-living prosimians and NWMs was performed. The PCR products from the gene of the IVa2 protein were sequenced and used in phylogeny calculations. The presence of 10 and 15 new AdVs in seven and ten different species of prosimians and NWMs was revealed, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the tentative novel AdVs cluster into two separate groups, which form the most basal branches among the primate AdVs, and therefore support the theory on the co-evolution of primate AdVs with their hosts. This is the first report that provides a comprehensive overview of the AdVs occurring in prosimians and NWMs, and the first insight into the evolutionary relationships among AdVs from all major primate groups.
New contexts for the transmission of sacred knowledge: A case study from the Carpathian Mountains
Authors: Iliescu Laurra Jiga
Published: October 2018

This paper inquires about the social reasons and epistemological consequences of sacred knowledge (charms) outside its “original setting”, toward an archive of folklore or to a new age journal. Some local specificities of relationships between knowledge and power are explored through multiple contextualisations of an interview we conducted with a former shepherd and healer in the Carpathian Mountains, Romania.
Migration and pentecostalism in a mendicant Roma community in Eastern Moldavia
Authors: Peti Lehel
Published: October 2018

The study analyzes the changes in the religious and social life of a Roma Pentecostal community in an ethnically mixed village, and the relationship between migration practices and conversion to Pentecostalism. In the first part of the study, the author presents the Roma community and outlines the circumstances under which Pentecostalism emerged among them. Thereafter, the two types of migration practiced by the Roma will be presented: migration focused mainly on northern European countries, based on panhandling, and migration aimed at longer term residence in the countries of Western Europe. The analysis points to the importance of foreign migration-related income in the changing situation of the Roma, as well as the role of the Pentecostal religion in the modernization changes that began in the Roma community.
Ioan Halmaghi and the “wondrous craft” of the Păscălie. Bibliomancy and the calculation systems of eastern chronology at the end of the eighteenth century
Authors: Cosma Valer Simion
Published: October 2018

Along with 19th-century folklore material, church documents from the 18th and 19th centuries emphasize the Păscălia as a book used in bibliomancy. In this study, I aim to explore the originally allowed and designated functions of this writing, and to provide an explanation for why this book was associated with the world of bibliomancy in both folklore and in the officially sanctioned culture of the Uniate clergy from Transylvania. Furthermore, by focusing on the specific case of the Uniate vicar Ioan Halmaghi, who was educated in Roman-Catholic institutions, I set out to explore the attitude of the elite clergy toward this text, and to highlight how a corpus of pre-modern and un-Western knowledge was simply ejected into the sphere of magic and superstition.
Prevalence of VIM- and GIM-producing Acinetobacter baumannii from patients with severe urinary tract infection
Authors: Girija Smiline AS , Jayaseelan Vijayashree Priyadharsini , Arumugam Paramasivam
Published: October 2018

Carbapenems are administered as the final drug of choice for treating complicated nosocomial infections caused by multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains. It is currently a worldwide issue that metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) as carbapenem-hydrolyzing enzymes are one of the major drug resistance mechanisms. This investigation is thus aimed to assess the prevalence and characterize the MBL-producing strains of A. baumannii both by phenotypic assays and by genotypic characterization. A total of 73 isolates of A. baumannii were phenotypically and genotypically characterized from patients (N = 1,000) with severe urinary tract infection. Tested strains were subjected to double disc synergy testing (DDST) by Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method with imipenem (IMP) and IMP/EDTA combination discs. Plasmid DNA was molecularly screened for MBL-encoding blaIMP, blaVIM, blaGIM, and blaNDM genes by PCR for the genetic relatedness of the MBL genes with carbapenem resistance. Carbapenem resistance profile showed 100%, 45%, and 49% non-susceptibility against imipenem, doripenem, and meropenem, respectively. Altogether 42.46% (n = 31) of the isolates showed MBL production upon double disc phenotypic test with IMP and IMP/EDTA discs. The blaVIM and blaGIM were detected in 34.24% (n = 25) and 16.43% (n = 12) of the isolates, respectively, while the co-occurrence of blaVIM and blaGIM was 2.73% among the isolates. DDST-positive isolates showed 21.19% and 9.58% strains positive for blaVIM and blaGIM, respectively, whereas 1.36% of the strains for both genes. None of the strains yielded blaIMP and blaNDM genes. The findings of this study showed prevalence of carbapenem resistance among A. baumannii from urine samples and the frequency of blaVIMand blaGIM.
High rate of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae detected from hospital equipments in Iran
Authors: Moghadampour Mehdi , Salari-Jazi Azhar , Faghri Jamshid
Published: October 2018

The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence, antibiogram, and related genes of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) among hospital environment samples. A total of 250 samples were taken from different surfaces and medical devices of three hospitals in Isfahan, Iran. All samples were cultured and K. pneumoniae strains were identified by conventional microbiological methods and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Antibiogram of isolates was performed by disk diffusion method and production of carbapenemases and metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) was confirmed using modified Hodge test and E-test, respectively. Molecular detection of the related genes was carried out by PCR. Overall, 37 (14.8%) K. pneumoniae strains were isolated, of which 34 (91.9%) strains were resistant to carbapenems. Twenty-eight (82.4%) isolates were positive for carbapenemases and seven (20.6%) isolates were phenotypically MBL producers. The results of PCR showed that the prevalence of blaOXA-48, blaNDM, blaIMP, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, blaTEM, and class 1 integron among CRKP isolates was 70.6%, 52.9%, 2.9%, 100%, 82.4%, 55.9%, and 76.5%, respectively. However, blaKPC, blaGES, blaIMI, blaVIM, and class 2 integron were not detected in any of the isolates. This study showed that the environment of our hospitals is contaminated with CRKP and it emphasizes the importance of using standard methods for infection control.
Species differentiation in annual Persicaria based on different markers
Authors: Mosaferi S. , Sheidai M. , Keshavarzi M. , Noormohammadi Z.
Published: October 2018

Persicariawith 70–100 species in the world is distributed in temperate regions of both hemispheres. It has 11 species in Iran growing in moist areas and margins of rivers. Through hybridisation, plasticity and existence of overlapping habitats, species identification shows difficulty. In this study, we aimed to investigate karyotype characters and morphological features, evaluate genetic variability within and among species studied and examine species relationship using ISSR data. Nine annual taxa ofPersicariawere gathered from different localities in Iran and used for studies. Our studies showed that combination of karyological, morphological and molecular data can delimit species studied. Based on karyological results, three chromosome counts (P. hydropiper(2n= 2x= 20),P. maculosa(2n= 2x= 22),P. orientalis(2n= 2x= 22)) were the first reports for the Flora of Iran. Analyses of morphological characters showed diagnostic features among taxa. STRUCTURE and AMOVA analyses showed high intraspecific genetic diversity. Our results suggested that phenotypic plasticity and hybridisation may cause genetic diversity withinPersicariaspecies.
Statistical evaluations of morphological and anatomical characteristics of Dracocephalum thymiflorum (Lamiaceae) populations in Iran
Authors: Sheidai M. , Koohdar F.
Published: October 2018

Dracocephalum (dragonhead) with about 60 to 70 species is mostly annual or perennial herbs or subshrubs. These species have medicinal values including anticancer, antioxidant, ant hypoxic and immune modulator activities. Dracocephalum thymiflorum grows in limited areas in Iran and forms few local populations and is extensively used by locals. We have no information on anatomical and morphological features of these medicinal species in the country. Clustering and PCA ordination of the studied populations based on morphological and anatomical data separated some of these populations from the others suggesting the existence 2 varieties within this species.
двух бродячих словах восточного происхождения в древнерусском языке
Authors: Agyagási Klára
Published: October 2018

The author presents a historical-etymological analysis of two Russian words – kunžut ‘sesame’ and xamovnik ‘weaver’. According to her argumentation, Russian kunžut has Tokharian origin, it was borrowed from Tokharian A by Old Uygur before the 12th century. From Old Uygur, it was intermediated by Middle Mongol and Middle Kipchak to Russian. Xam, the stem of xamovnik is preserved in one of the Old Novgorodian birk barch letter from the beginning of the 14th century. It was borrowed from the Cantonese dialect of the Chinese language by West Old Turkic, and a West Old Turkic form was borrowed by Old Russian.
Тенденции использования венгерской орфографии в русинском языке
Authors: Лявинец-Угрин Марианна
Published: October 2018

One characteristic feature of the vocabulary of Rusyn language which makes it different from the vocabulary of other East Slavic languages is the presence of Hungarian loanwords in it. From the middle of the 19th to the early 20th century, certain Rusyn authors wrote their Rusyn works using the Latin alphabet based on the Hungarian orthography. The paper is devoted to this phenomenon which remained almost unnoticed by the researchers.
Srpsko-mađarski dvojezični stručni rečnici
Authors: Urkom Aleksander
Published: October 2018

Serbian–Hungarian lexicography has been developing from the late 19th century. The scope of its activities includes over one hundred dictionaries, among which professional ones are especially interesting. Their number is smaller because general dictionaries take over their task to register the professional vocabulary. In this paper, the author presents the most important Serbian–Hungarian and Hungarian–Serbian professional dictionaries, their concept, and the prospects of drawing up new technical dictionaries.
Сопоставительный анализ взглядов Н. И. Костомарова и П. А. Кулиша об исторической роли и эпохе Богдана Хмельницкого
Authors: Варга Беата
Published: October 2018

N. Kostomarov’s views in the second half of the 19th century reflected the ambitions of the Ukrainian bourgeois-noble national circles that fought for the national autonomy of Ukraine within the framework of the Russian Empire. P. Kulish had slightly different views from those of Kostomarov: he called Khmelnytsky a selfish politician whose actions were only guided by his egotistic purposes. We can interpret Kulish’s work as a strong criticism of and attack on the democratic Ukrainian national movement that from the middle of the 19th century “discovered” and idealized Khmelnytsky and his movement.
Диахронное изменение параметра EPP в русском языке (на основе анализа текста Суздальской летописи по Лаврентьевскому списку)
Authors: Györfi Beáta
Published: October 2018

The classification of present-day Russian according to the Extended Projection Principle (EPP) has been a widely discussed issue in the theory of minimalism. The investigation of Old Russian texts suggests that the realization of the EPP requirement differed in Old Russian and has been subject to parametric variation. In the present study, the author tries to shed light on this change by looking at the relative position of S and V, and the ways the EPP is fulfilled in them.
On the registration of pseudo-Anglicisms in modern Russian lexicography
Authors: Janurik Szabolcs
Published: October 2018

The aim of the present paper is to analyze how pseudo-English loanwords are registered in modern lexicography. This is a rather new and quickly developing research field in European linguistics, however, in Russia, it has received hardly any attention so far. These lexical items are usually treated as real English borrowings in Russian dictionaries, despite the fact that they are not used in the source language in the form they are presented by lexicographers. It is also pointed out in the paper that some pseudo-Anglicisms have been transferred into Russian through one of the main intermediary languages of Europe (French or German).
The appearance of the quebi taboo method with a reflection on using bihui to examine Chinese sources
Authors: Sun Jianqiang
Published: October 2018

Although it has been traditionally accepted that quebi 缺筆, one of the name taboo (bihui 避諱) methods, appeared in Tang Gaozong’s reign (649 – 683), a number of unexamined examples attest that quebi may have appeared in Tang Taizong’s reign (626 – 649). This advancement enhances the usage of bihui to conduct research and urges us to rethink the 7th-century development of bihui.
Optimization of conjugated linoleic acid production from safflower oil and purification by low temperature crystallization
Authors: Erinç H. , Isler I. H.
Published: October 2018

The first objective of this study was to reveal the effect of temperature and time on the production of CLA isomers from safflower oil. For this purpose, CLA production was conducted at different temperatures (80–240 °C) and over different time durations (1–10 h). Alkali isomerisation gave a total conversion of 87.8% under the optimal conditions of 240 °C and 8 h (for maximum beneficial isomers), and produced 41.0% trans-10, cis-12, 40.4% cis-9, trans-11, and 6.4% undesirable CLA isomers. The second aim of this study was to determine the effect of temperature and solvents on the purification of CLA isomers. To achieve this, CLA solutions containing different solvents (acetone, methanol, and petroleum ether) were crystallized at several temperatures (0 to –85 °C). It was determined that although the highest CLA purities (94%) were obtained at –55 °C using acetone as the solvent with a yield of 38.1%, the highest yield (89.6%) was determined using petroleum ether at –85 °C with a purity of 88.1%. This paper presents methods to utilize safflower oil and low temperature crystallization process to inexpensively obtain beneficial CLA.