bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of the Brazilian version of the Mini-Addenbrooke Cognitive Examination (M-ACE BR) to screen for cognitive impairment in older adults
Authors: Okada-Oliveira Maira , Carthery-Goulart Maria Teresa , César-Freitas Karolina Gouveia , Nitrini Ricardo , Brucki Sonia Maria Dozzi
Published: August 2024

Background Age is the most important risk factor for develop dementia, and the recommendation is that older adults are cognitively tested to detect impairment in the initial stage for adequate treatment. The demand for the care of these older adults is great, drawing attention to the need for rapid tests, with good accuracy and simple application to identify cognitive impairment.

Objective To develop and validate the Brazilian Mini-Addenbrooke Cognitive Examination (M-ACE BR) as a short screening test for cognitive impairment in older adults.

Methods The M-ACE BR was developed using the Mokken scaling analysis in 352 participants (cognitively unimpaired [CU] = 232, cognitive impairment no dementia [CIND] = 82; and dementia = 38) and validated in an independent sample of 117 participants (CU = 25; CIND = 88; and dementia = 4).

Results The Mokken scaling analysis derived 9 items (spatial orientation, anterograde memory, retrograde memory, delayed recall, recognition [name and address], letter verbal fluency, repetition of 4 words, naming of 10 items, and comprehension) with a maximum score of 51 points and an average duration time of 7 minutes. The cut-off score ≤ 43/51 for CIND had a sensitivity of 59.09% and a specificity of 80%. For a screening test in which sensitivity is prioritized for further investigation, we suggest using a cutoff of ≤ 47 (sensitivity 85.23% and specificity 24%), maintaining a good positive predictive value (79.8%).

Conclusion The M-ACE BR is a brief and adequate instrument to detect cognitive impairment in older Brazilian adults. However, screening for CIND and for different educational levels should be further explored.
High prevalence of intracranial arterial stenosis among acute ischemic stroke patients in a Brazilian center: a transcranial color-coded duplex sonography study
Authors: Rocha Letícia Januzi de Almeida , Zotin Maria Clara Zanon , Santos Renata da Silva Almeida , Libardi Milena Carvalho , Camilo Millene Rodrigues , Barreira Clara Monteiro Antunes , Pinto Pedro Telles Cougo , Mazim Suleimy Cristina , Abud Daniel Giansante , Pontes Neto Octavio Marques
Published: August 2024

Background There is limited data available regarding the prevalence of intracranial arterial stenosis (ICAS) among acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients in Brazil and Latin America.

Objective The present study sought to investigate the frequency and predictors of ICAS among patients with AIS or transient ischemic attack (TIA) in a Brazilian center, with transcranial color-coded duplex sonography (TCCS) technique.

Methods Consecutive AIS and TIA patients, admitted to an academic public comprehensive stroke center in Brazil from February to December 2014, evaluated by TCCS were prospectively selected. Vascular narrowings > 50% were considered as ICAS, based on ultrasound criteria previously defined in the literature.

Results We assessed 170 consecutive patients with AIS or TIA, of whom 27 (15.9%) were excluded due to an inadequate transtemporal acoustic bone window. We confirmed ICAS in 55 patients (38.5%). The most common location was the proximal segment of the middle cerebral artery (28.2%), followed by the vertebral (15.4%), posterior cerebral (13.6%), terminal internal carotid (9.1%) and basilar (8.2%) arteries. On multivariate models adjusting for potential confounders, systolic blood pressure (OR: 1.03, 95%CI: 1.01–1.04; p = 0.008) was independently associated with ICAS.

Conclusion We found significant ICAS in approximately ⅓ of patients admitted with symptoms of AIS or TIA in a public tertiary academic stroke center in Brazil. The TCCS is an accessible and noninvasive technique that can be used to investigate the presence of moderate and severe ICAS, especially in patients who cannot be exposed to more invasive exams, such as the use of intravenous contrast agents.
Enhanced Curculigoside and Phenolic Compounds Elevate Antioxidant Activity in C. orchioides Gaertn In Vitro Under Exogenous Augmentation with Elicitors Salicylic Acid (SA) and Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000
Authors: Khyahrii Aloysius Sani , Shetty Seema , Kushalan Sharanya , Hegde Smitha
Published: August 2024

Introduction Curculigo orchioides Gaertn, an endangered medicinal plant, possesses a bioactive compound known as curculigoside (phenolic glycoside) in addition to other phenolic compounds. Curculigoside has multifunctional pharmacological properties including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. Advances in plant tissue culture provide us with tools for the in vitro propagation of medicinal plants in addition to a well-founded system to enhance pharmacologically bioactive compounds through the use of elicitors.

Objective The study evaluates the effect of exogenous application of salicylic acid (SA) and polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG 6000) to in vitro cultures of C. orchioides for enhanced curculigoside, phenolic compounds production followed by an increase in antioxidant activity (AA).

Method Eight-week-old subcultured plants grown in one-fourth strength Murashige and Skoog media were subjected to elicitors treatment. SA (10, 100, and 1,000 ppm) and a PEG 6000 (1,000, 5,000, and 10,000 ppm) were used as elicitors for a period of 1, 2, and 4 weeks. Plants without treatment were considered as control. The treated plants were subjected to 80% acetone solvent for efficient phenolic extract preparation. High-performance liquid chromatography was used for the analysis of curculigoside content (CC), and total phenolic content (TPC) was determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu colorimetric method. AA was evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay.

Results SA treatment increased CC, TPC, and biological activity of AA properties compared to the control, with the maximum value observed at 10 ppm treatment after week 1 elicitation. CC, TPC, and AA gradually decreased after week 2 elicitation, and the lowest values were observed after week 4 elicitation. In the PEG 6000 treatment, 10,000 ppm elicited the highest CC and TPC, with the maximum AA observed after week 2 elicitation. The treatment also elicited higher CC, TPC, and AA in both the 1st and 4th weeks compared to the control.

Conclusion SA and PEG 6000 successfully enhanced CC, TPC, and improved AA in C. orchioides in vitro. The study also offers insightful information for the neutraceutical, cosmeceutical, and pharmaceutical industries about how to potentially manipulate medicinal plants in vitro to increase the synthesis of bioactive compounds.
Contributions to the isothermal compressibility coefficient of water near the temperature of 42 °C
Authors: Bulavin Leonid A. , Rudnikov Yevgenii G. , Chalyi Alexander V.
Published: August 2024

Using modern databases, the behavior of the isothermal compressibility coefficient −(∂V/∂P)T = VβT of water in the liquid state near its specific temperature of θ = 42.2 ± 0.2 °C was analyzed. The applicability of the principle of corresponding states in a wide range of thermodynamic parameters of water has been confirmed, excluding the area of water anomalies. The following anomalies of the physical–chemical properties of water were observed: (a) the temperature of θ = 42.2 ± 0.2 °C was found at which the entropy contribution to the isothermal compressibility coefficient of water changed its sign and became positive below this temperature; (b) the temperature of θ = 28.8 ± 0.2 °C was found at which the energy contribution to the isothermal compressibility coefficient of water changed its sign and became negative below this temperature; and (c) the temperature of θ = 17.6 ± 0.2 °C was found at which the energy and entropy contributions to the isothermal compressibility coefficient of water were equal. The entropy contribution to the isothermal compressibility coefficient, according to the two-structure model of water, can be associated with the existence of an “expanded” low-density water structure of hydrogen bonds, the role of which increases with decreasing temperature. We associate the energy contribution to the isothermal compressibility coefficient with the “collapsed” high-density water structure of hydrogen bonds, the role of which in the field of thermodynamic anomalies of water decreases as the temperature decreases.
Electrical control of superconducting spin valves using ferromagnetic helices
Authors: Salamone Tancredi , Hugdal Henning G. , Amundsen Morten , Jacobsen Sol H.
Published: August 2024

The geometrical properties of a helical ferromagnet are shown theoretically to control the critical temperature of a proximity-coupled superconductor. Using the Usadel equation for diffusive spin transport, we provide self-consistent analysis of how curvature and torsion modulate the proximity effect. When the helix is attached to a piezoelectric actuator, the pitch of the helix—and hence the superconducting transition—can be controlled electrically.
Chiral separation of enantiomorphic objects by rotation in a fluid
Authors: Kimura Ryoma , Kimura Tsunehisa , Furusawa Kazuya
Published: August 2024

Right- and left-handed propellers translate in opposite directions when rotated in the same direction. The same phenomenon may occur with enantiomorphic objects. In this paper, enantiomorphic octahedrons and tetrahedrons were fabricated using a 3D printer and rotated in a liquid medium. The rotation axis was determined by solving an eigenvalue problem for the shape tensor that hydrodynamically characterizes the shape of these polyhedrons. The model exhibited propeller-like motion, indicating the possibility of separating enantiomorphic objects.
Gas dynamic virtual nozzle induced flow of viscoelastic fluids
Authors: Baghel Kuldeep , Zahra  , Lee Jinkee
Published: August 2024

We fabricated a gas dynamic virtual nozzle using a three-dimensional (3D) printer to produce a jet of viscoelastic fluid. Aqueous alginate with concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% served as the dispersed phase, air as the continuous phase, and a high-speed camera for flow visualization. Viscosity and relaxation time measurements indicated that the zero shear rate viscosities of aqueous alginates were 0.055, 0.2, and 1.2 Pas, with relaxation times of 0.15, 0.79, and 2.3  ms for concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%, respectively. The emphasis was on understanding the effects of shear-thinning, alginate concentrations, and elasticity on regimes, jet size, and intact jet length. Analytical solutions and scaling laws were derived and compared with experimental data and literature. For Newtonian and laminar flow, we demonstrated the linear dependency of jet diameter on the Reynolds number through the derived scaling law. The measured jet diameter for non-Newtonian fluids significantly deviates from water due to their viscoelastic nature. At 0.5 psi, the dimensionless diameter differences were nearly 42% and 37% for flow rates of 5 and 15 μl/s, respectively. The peak intact jet length, observed at 0.5 psi, was nearly 60% higher for 0.5% aqueous alginate than for water. Using the Buckingham π theorem, we identified nondimensional groups and developed correlations to predict jet diameter across a wide range of viscosities, relaxation times, and operating conditions.
Investigating the temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy of Se/Bi2Te3 thin films and its enhanced photoresponse for optoelectronic applications
Authors: Das Subhashree , Supriya Swikruti , Alagarasan Devarajan , Ganesan Rajamanickam , Naik Ramakanta
Published: August 2024

The 2D Bi2Te3 narrow bandgap semiconductor is an outstanding applicant for optoelectronics and thermoelectric devices. The doping of Se into Bi2Te3 makes metal-double chalcogenide more important. In the current investigation, the Se diffusion into the Bi2Te3 film by thermal annealing at different temperatures is probed through a temperature-dependent Raman study along with other characterizations. Upon annealing, the Se/Bi2Te3 films of ∼810 nm thickness resulted in significant changes to their structural, electronic, and optical behavior. The existence of a rhombohedral Bi2Te3 phase was confirmed by structural investigation. The improvement in crystallinity and decrease in lattice strain modified the optical behavior of the films. The morphology analysis showed a slight aggregation at the higher annealed stage. The uniform and homogeneous dispersal and the composition of elements in the film were verified through surface mapping and compositional analysis. The optical investigation revealed a drop in absorbance with increased transmittance. The direct optical bandgap increased from 0.53 ± 0.002 to 0.77 ± 0.002 eV, showing a blue shift. The non-linear refractive index decreased from 3.72 to 1.85 × 10−16 m2/W upon annealing. The temperature-dependent Raman analysis demonstrated a thermally induced significant vibrational change in the material with specific additional peaks at higher annealing. Such findings can be employed as a phase change material at very high temperatures. The obtained findings are very useful for optoelectronic applications. Surface wettability shows a reduction in hydrophilicity, thus inching toward a hydrophobic one with an increase in annealing temperatures. The enhancement in the photocurrent with the increment in the annealing temperature is more suitable for photovoltaic applications.
An arbitrary wavelength tuning technique of microcavity lasers in a wide band range
Authors: Zhao Yan , Zhai Yurun , Zhang Fumin
Published: August 2024

In this paper, a Raman laser is proposed based on a high-Q silica microcavity, and arbitrary wavelength tuning is realized by fine and coarse tuning. The mechanical tuning range is extended to 5.5 GHz by designing the geometry of the microcavity. Axial discrete tuning in a wideband range is achieved by coupling different transverse modes. The wavelength of the Raman laser is tuned arbitrary in a range of 38.6 nm with the tuning accuracy about 50 MHz. This study extends the application of microcavity Raman laser to the field of tunable lasers and high dynamic range sensors.
Role of trapezoidal defects in enhancing the yellow luminescence of high-Al content n-type AlGaN films
Authors: Sun Zhaolan , Huang Yujie , Yang Jing , Liu Zongshun , Duan Lihong , Hou Yufei , Liang Feng , Zhao Degang
Published: August 2024

We have studied the origin of the yellow luminescence of high-Al content n-type AlGaN films. We found that the intensity of the yellow luminescence (YL) band was closely related to the Al/Ga vacancy defects and Si doping, suggesting that the enhancement of the YL band in n-type AlGaN should be ascribed to the donor–acceptor pair transitions from donor impurities such as Si doping to Al/Ga vacancy acceptors in n-type AlGaN films. It is found that the trapezoidal defects formed during the epitaxial growth process may produce a lot of Ga/Al vacancy defects, thus enhancing the yellow band luminescence. By increasing the pressure of the AlN nucleation layer, the formation of trapezoidal defects can be suppressed.
Tomographic particle image velocimetry investigation on flow characteristics and pressure–velocity relation of a near-field tip vortex
Authors: Zhao Hang , Tu Han , Xu Ke-Wei , She Wen-Xuan , Gao Qi , Zhang Guo-Ping , Cao Yan-Tao , Peng Xiao-Xing , Shao Xue-Ming
Published: August 2024

The non-cavitating tip vortex in the near field of an elliptical hydrofoil is studied utilizing tomographic particle image velocimetry. Both the instantaneous and time-averaged flow fields are analyzed to elucidate the flow characteristics of the near-field tip vortex. The tip vortex is mainly formed on the suction side of hydrofoil and exhibits a tube-like shape. The turbulence intensity is at a relatively high level around the hydrofoil tip due to the roll-up process of the separated shear layers from the pressure side. With increasing angle of attack, the initiating position of the tip vortex moves upstream along the hydrofoil outline. In the near field, the axial flow within the tip vortex manifests a jet-like profile at higher angles of attack (α≥10°), and the majority of the vorticity is contained within the vortex core. A special position is identified during the streamwise evolution of the tip vortex, where the vortex circulation reaches its local maximum for the first time and the tip vortex cavitation is more prone to incept. In the vicinity of this crucial position, the pressure–velocity relation is derived along the vortex centerline by combining the three-dimensional measured velocity fields with the governing equations. It is revealed that the mean static pressure is directly related to the local mean axial velocity, adhering to the form of Bernoulli's equation. Conversely, corresponding pressure fluctuation depends on both the mean and fluctuating parts of the local axial velocity.
Informing the management of the post-COVID condition: insights from the Western Australian experience comparing those who tested positive and negative to early COVID-19 strains
Authors: Grove Kristen , Cavalheri Vinicius , Chih HuiJun , Natarajan Varsha , Harrold Meg , Mohd Sheeraz , Hurn Elizabeth , Van der Lee Lisa , Maiorana Andrew , Tearne Jessica , Watson Carol , Pearce Jane , Jacques Angela , White Ann , Vicary Caitlin , Roffman Caroline , Synnott Emma-Leigh , Suttie Ian , Lin Ivan , Larsson Jade , Naylor Louise , Woodhouse Linda , Elliott Mercedes , Gittings Paul , Winship Peta , Timms Robyn , Wulff Sheldon , Hebden-Todd Tracy , Edgar Dale W.
Published: August 2024

Objective This study aimed to compare the relative physical recovery and symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection between groups confirmed positive or negative to early strains of COVID-19. Methods A prospective, longitudinal cohort study compared outcomes of metropolitan adults polymerase chain reaction-tested for COVID-19 between March and November 2020 in Western Australia. Control matching was attempted: inpatients (gender, age) and ambulatory clinic (gender, age, asthma, chronic pulmonary disease). One-year follow-up involved three repeated measures: physical function (grip strength and 1-min sit-to-stand) and patient-reported outcomes (Fatigue Severity Scale, modified Medical Research Council dyspnoea scale and Euroqol-5D-5L). Results Three hundred and forty-four participants were recruited (154 COVID+, age 54 ± 18 years, 75 females [49%]); 190 COVID−, age 52 ± 16 years, 67 females [35%]) prior to national vaccination roll-out. No between-group differences in physical function measures were evident at any time point. Fatigue (OR 6.62, 95% CI 2.74–15.97) and dyspnoea (OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.14–4.30) were higher in the COVID+ group at second assessment (T2). On Euroqol-5D-5L, no between-group differences were evident in the physical function domains of self-care, mobility or usual activities at any time point. However, COVID+ participants were less likely to report an absence of anxiety or depression symptoms at T2 (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.19–0.89). Conclusions Neither statistical nor clinically meaningful differences in physical function were evident between COVID+ and COVID− participants to 12-months after acute illness. Symptoms of fatigue, dyspnoea, anxiety or depression were more prevalent in the COVID+ group til ~8 months after illness with between-group differences no longer evident at 1 year.
UCE-based phylogenomics of the lepidopteran endoparasitoid wasp subfamily Rogadinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) unveils a new Neotropical tribe
Authors: Shimbori Eduardo M. , Castañeda-Osorio Rubén , Jasso-Martínez Jovana M. , Penteado-Dias Angélica M. , Gadelha Sian S. , Brady Seán G. , Quicke Donald L. J. , Kula Robert R. , Zaldívar-Riverón Alejandro
Published: August 2024

During the past two decades, the phylogenetic relationships and higher-level classification of the subfamily Rogadinae have received relevant contributions based on Sanger, mitogenome and genome-wide nuclear DNA sequence data. These studies have helped to update the circumscription and tribal classification of this subfamily, with six tribes currently recognised (Aleiodini, Betylobraconini, Clinocentrini, Rogadini, Stiropiini and Yeliconini). The tribal relationships within Rogadinae, however, are yet to be fully resolved, including the status of tribe Facitorini, previously regarded as betylobraconine, with respect to the members of Yeliconini. We conducted a phylogenomic analysis among the tribes of Rogadinae based on genomic ultraconserved element (UCE) data and extensive taxon sampling including three undescribed genera of uncertain tribal placement. Our almost fully supported estimate of phylogeny confirmed the basal position of Rogadini within the subfamily and a Facitorini clade (Yeliconini + Aleiodini) that led us to propose the former group as a valid rogadine tribe (Facitorini stat. res.). Stiropiini, however, was recovered for the first time as sister to the remaining rogadine tribes except Rogadini, and Clinocentrini as sister to a clade with Betylobraconini + the three undescribed genera. The relationships recovered and morphological examination of the material included led us to place the latter three new genera and recently described genus Gondwanocentrus within a new rogadine tribe, Gondwanocentrini Shimbori & Zaldívar-Riverón trib. nov. We described these genera (Ghibli Shimbori & Zaldívar-Riverón gen. nov., Racionais Shimbori & Zaldívar-Riverón gen. nov. and Soraya Shimbori gen. nov.) with two or three new species each (G. miyazakii Shimbori & Zaldívar-Riverón sp. nov., G. totoro Shimbori & Zaldívar-Riverón sp. nov., R. brunus Shimbori & Zaldívar-Riverón sp. nov., R. kaelejay Shimbori & Zaldívar-Riverón sp. nov., R. superstes Shimbori & Zaldívar-Riverón sp. nov., S. alencarae Shimbori sp. nov. and S. venus Shimbori & Zaldívar-Riverón sp. nov.). A new species of Facitorini, Jannya pasargadae Gadelha & Shimbori sp. nov., is also described. Our newly proposed classification expands the number of tribes and genera within Rogadinae to 8 and 66 respectively. ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:51951C78-069A-4D8B-B5F0-7EBD4D9D21CE
Availability of phosphorus and nitrogen from modified mono-ammonium phosphate (MAP) fertiliser compounds
Authors: McLachlan Jonathan W. , English Peter W. , Flavel Richard J. , Guppy Chris N.
Published: August 2024

Moderating nutrient release to match plant requirements more closely can improve nutrient use efficiency. The formation of lower-solubility ammonium salts may be a simple and cost-effective way to slow the release of nitrogen (N) from fertiliser sources. Several modified mono-ammonium phosphate (MAP) fertiliser compounds were prepared by adding magnesium silicate to regular MAP fertiliser and reconstituting the granules. This process results in the formation of schertelite that may potentially slow the release of both N and phosphate to soil solution. These modified MAP fertiliser compounds include more citrate-soluble N and phosphorus (P) than standard MAP fertiliser. The fertiliser compounds were added to a P-responsive soil and barley plants were grown for 5 weeks to investigate shoot yield responses to nutrient availability of the modified MAP fertiliser compounds. Reverse dilution tracing techniques were also used to compare the fertiliser solubility and P availability of the modified MAP fertiliser compounds with regular MAP fertiliser. Barley (Hordeum vulgare) plants recovered P equally and efficiently over 5 weeks of growth in the P-responsive soil, suggesting that the fertiliser compounds were sufficiently soluble to meet plant requirements and that phosphate release was not slowed by the formation of schertelite. However, shoot yields were generally lower when the barley plants were grown with the modified MAP fertiliser compounds compared to standard MAP fertiliser. This reduced growth was likely due to decreased N availability through a slower release of N, thus further research is warranted to determine the potential for these products to improve N use efficiency.
Large-pore connexin hemichannels function like molecule transporters independent of ion conduction
Authors: Gaete Pablo S. , Kumar Deepak , Fernandez Cynthia I. , Valdez Capuccino Juan M. , Bhatt Aashish , Jiang Wenjuan , Lin Yi-Chun , Liu Yu , Harris Andrew L. , Luo Yun L. , Contreras Jorge E.
Published: August 2024

Connexin hemichannels were identified as the first members of the eukaryotic large-pore channel family that mediate permeation of both atomic ions and small molecules between the intracellular and extracellular environments. The conventional view is that their pore is a large passive conduit through which both ions and molecules diffuse in a similar manner. In stark contrast to this notion, we demonstrate that the permeation of ions and of molecules in connexin hemichannels can be uncoupled and differentially regulated. We find that human connexin mutations that produce pathologies and were previously thought to be loss-of-function mutations due to the lack of ionic currents are still capable of mediating the passive transport of molecules with kinetics close to those of wild-type channels. This molecular transport displays saturability in the micromolar range, selectivity, and competitive inhibition, properties that are tuned by specific interactions between the permeating molecules and the N-terminal domain that lies within the pore—a general feature of large-pore channels. We propose that connexin hemichannels and, likely, other large-pore channels, are hybrid channel/transporter-like proteins that might switch between these two modes to promote selective ion conduction or autocrine/paracrine molecular signaling in health and disease processes.
Lung-specific supramolecular nanoparticles for efficient delivery of therapeutic proteins and genome editing nucleases
Authors: Liu Ji , Zheng Qizhen , Yao Rui , Wang Ming
Published: August 2024

Protein therapeutics play a critical role in treating a large variety of diseases, ranging from infections to genetic disorders. However, their delivery to target tissues beyond the liver, such as the lungs, remains a great challenge. Here, we report a universally applicable strategy for lung-targeted protein delivery by engineering
L
ung-Specific
S
upramolecular
N
ano
p
articles (LSNPs). These nanoparticles are designed through the hierarchical self-assembly of metal-organic polyhedra (MOP), featuring a customized surface chemistry that enables protein encapsulation and specific lung affinity after intravenous administration. Our design of LSNPs not only addresses the hurdles of cell membrane impermeability of protein and nonspecific tissue distribution of protein delivery, but also shows exceptional versatility in delivering various proteins, including those vital for anti-inflammatory and CRISPR-based genome editing to the lung, and across multiple animal species, including mice, rabbits, and dogs. Notably, the delivery of antimicrobial proteins using LSNPs effectively alleviates acute bacterial pneumonia, demonstrating a significant therapeutic potential. Our strategy not only surmounts the obstacles of tissue-specific protein delivery but also paves the way for targeted treatments in genetic disorders and combating antibiotic resistance, offering a versatile solution for precision protein therapy.
Transplanted Brazilian Portuguese in Japan
Authors: Matsumoto Kazuko , Okumura Akiko , Matsuda Kenjiro
Published: August 2024

This paper explores an emerging Brazilian Portuguese koiné spoken among Brazilian-dominant Latin American
immigrants in Japan’s Greater Tokyo Area. It examines Strong-R (onset /r/) realizations by 79 speakers in the context of dialect
and language contact within the diasporic setting. The results highlight (a) levelling and focussing towards [h] as a result of
koineization and (b) early stages of the adoption of [ɸ], a xenolectal feature, resulting from contact with Japanese. The external
and internal motivations for change towards [h] are identified as local and supralocal levelling
and drift. The transition to [ɸ], and its linguistic and social embedding, are discussed in terms of acquisition order, the
structure of the Japanese kana syllabary, and speakers’ social networks. The conclusion emphasizes the importance
for koiné genesis of input dialects, ongoing language change in the homeland, the social meaning of variants in both
pre- and post-contact societies, and speakers’ social networks and mobilities.
The syntactic and semantic promenade of the Spanish absolute construction along the Communicative
Continuum
Authors: Molenaers Marie
Published: August 2024

This paper investigates the diachronically changing syntactic and semantic status of the Spanish Absolute
Construction (AC) on the Communicative Continuum (Koch & Oesterreicher 1990 [2011])
in a corpus of 15th- to 18th-century translations from Latin. Previous research has already demonstrated that the 15th-century
preclassical Spanish AC evolved from a highly formal past participial Latin calque in the realm of Communicative Distance to an
entrenched gerundial absolute in the 18th century, positioned slightly further from the Communicative Distance pole (Del Rey Quesada 2018, 2021, Molenaers 2023).
This study highlights that, besides the altering predicate, other characteristics enhanced the AC’s progression along the
Continuum, including one syntactic (non-augmentation) and two semantic (non-adverbial, coreferential) factors. By means of clause
linkage (Raible 1992, 2001), a development
is traced to a syntactically less dense and semantically less complex gerundial AC, which displays a high frequency of the three
outlined features. Complementary analyses grounded in a functional-pragmatic theory of subordination (Cristofaro 2003) have revealed a moderate widening of the innovative AC’s clausal status beyond strict
subordination. Two language-internal evolutions, the case switch from ablative to nominative in the transition from Latin to
Spanish and priming with the gerundial unaugmented free adjunct (FA), are identified as the driving forces behind the Spanish AC’s
syntactic and semantic promenade beyond the extremes of Communicative Distance.
Nesprin-2 coordinates opposing microtubule motors during nuclear migration in neurons
Authors: Zhou Chuying , Wu You Kure , Ishidate Fumiyoshi , Fujiwara Takahiro K. , Kengaku Mineko
Published: August 2024

Nuclear migration is critical for the proper positioning of neurons in the developing brain. It is known that bidirectional microtubule motors are required for nuclear transport, yet the mechanism of the coordination of opposing motors is still under debate. Using mouse cerebellar granule cells, we demonstrate that Nesprin-2 serves as a nucleus-motor adaptor, coordinating the interplay of kinesin-1 and dynein. Nesprin-2 recruits dynein–dynactin–BicD2 independently of the nearby kinesin-binding LEWD motif. Both motor binding sites are required to rescue nuclear migration defects caused by the loss of function of Nesprin-2. In an intracellular cargo transport assay, the Nesprin-2 fragment encompassing the motor binding sites generates persistent movements toward both microtubule minus and plus ends. Nesprin-2 drives bidirectional cargo movements over a prolonged period along perinuclear microtubules, which advance during the migration of neurons. We propose that Nesprin-2 keeps the nucleus mobile by coordinating opposing motors, enabling continuous nuclear transport along advancing microtubules in migrating cells.
Precise orbit determination of integrated BDS-3 and LEO satellites with ambiguity fixing under regional ground stations
Authors: Lai Wen , Huang Guanwen , Wang Le , Qin Zhiwei , Li Run , Xie Shichao , She Haonan
Published: August 2024

The ambiguity resolution (AR) significantly enhances the accuracy of precise orbit determination (POD). There have been numerous studies of different forms of POD: double-difference (DD), single-difference (SD), and un-differenced (UD) AR methods for global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) or low earth orbit (LEO). However, challenges persist in the integrated POD (IPOD) of the GNSS and LEO at regional ground stations. These challenges include the frequent selection of dual receiver-satellite pairs in DD methods, and time-varying hardware biases in LEO receivers for UD methods. In addition, the SD AR method has not been explored in IPOD, resulting in unfixed ambiguities. In this study, we investigated the feasibility and performance enhancement of AR in the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) and LEO IPOD under regional ground stations using simulated ground and onboard observations. First, we introduce AR models applicable to BDS and LEO IPOD and analyze the applicability of different AR models for IPOD under regional ground stations. We designed a study to utilize SD ambiguity, which eliminates the time-varying hardware bias of the LEO receiver end, to estimate the uncalibrated phase delay (UPD) of the satellite end. Furthermore, we designed the BDS-3 and LEO constellations with 24 regional ground stations in China and simulated seven days of observations. Subsequently, the narrow-lane (NL) UPD quality and AR performance were analyzed, and a solution with satisfactory stability and residual distribution was obtained, enabling the implementation of SD AR. The daily fixed rate for wide-lane ambiguities exceeded 99%, while for NL ambiguities it surpasses 86%. After fixing ambiguities, the BDS-3 orbit’s along-track and cross-track components significantly improved. Simultaneously, LEO orbit solutions improved by over 20% in all three directions. Overall, the UPD estimation model using SD ambiguities yielded satisfactory UPD results, enabling AR and significantly enhancing the orbit accuracy of GNSS and LEO.
TSMDA: intelligent fault diagnosis of rolling bearing with two stage multi-source domain adaptation
Authors: Zhang Qianqian , Lv Zhongwei , Hao Caiyun , Yan Haitao , Jia Yingzhi , Chen Yang , Fan Qiuxia
Published: August 2024

Fault diagnosis plays a critical role in ensuring the safe operation of machinery. Multi-source domain adaptation (DA) leverages rich fault knowledge from source domains to enhance diagnostic performance on unlabeled target domains. However, most existing methods only align marginal distributions, neglecting inter-class relationships, which results in decreased performance under variable working conditions and small samples. To overcome these limitations, two stage multi-source domain adaptation (TSMDA) has been proposed for bearing fault diagnosis. Specifically, wavelet packet decomposition is applied to analyze fault information from signals. For small sample datasets, Diffusion is used to augment the dataset and serve as the source domain. Next, multi-scale features are extracted, and mutual information is computed to prevent the negative transfer. DA is divided into two stages. Firstly, multikernel maximum mean discrepancy is used to align the marginal distributions of the multi-source and target domains. Secondly, the target domain is split into subdomains based on the calculated pseudo-labels. Conditional distributions are aligned by minimizing the distance from samples to the center of the non-corresponding domain. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by extensive experiments on two public datasets and one experimental dataset. The results demonstrate that TSMDA has high and stable diagnostic performance and provides an effective method for practical fault diagnosis.
Novel stochastic embedded solitons with quadratic nonlinear susceptibility in the presence of multiplicative noise
Authors: Zayed Elsayed M E , Saad Basel M M , Arnous Ahmed H , Yildirim Yakup
Published: August 2024

This paper addresses the modeling of optical systems with stochastic quadratic nonlinearity for the first time, a novel and challenging research area within nonlinear optics. By incorporating multiplicative white noise and quadratic nonlinear susceptibility, the study presents an innovative approach to recovering optical solutions. Leveraging the

G
′

G

-expansion method and extended Kudryashov’s method, new stochastic exact solutions are derived, encompassing bright, dark, singular, and trigonometric solitons. Graphical representations aid in understanding these solutions’ characteristics. Insights into the stochastic nature of optical solutions under various conditions are provided, offering valuable contributions to nonlinear optics and potential applications in telecommunications and materials science.
Thermally stable photosensing using poly(methyl methacrylate)-coated MoS2 phototransistor for improved imaging reliability
Authors: Park Jaewan , Park Sungmin , Hong Seongin
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we report thermally stable photosensing using MoS2 phototransistor with a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) coating. The increase in the OFF current of the PMMA-coated MoS2 phototransistor degraded to less than 87.72% of that of the pristine MoS2 phototransistor under harsh temperature conditions (250 °C). PMMA coating on the pristine MoS2 phototransistor improved the photosensitivity and drain current stability as a function of time by 315.71% at 250 °C and 91.26% under intense negative bias temperature illumination stress (NBTIS) test (V
gs = −30 V, V
ds = 10 V, λ
ex = 638 nm, P
inc = 1.0 mW, and T = 250 °C), respectively. This simple and useful method provides valuable insight for improving the reliability of photodetectors and image sensor systems under harsh temperature.
Investigation of a cascaded piezoelectric transducer with cone horn for multi-mode power ultrasound application
Authors: Li Guo , Lei Ming , Zhang Xiaoli , Zeng Yan , Tang Shaojie , Shi Jianxu , Hu Liqing
Published: August 2024

To meet the ultrasonic application requirement of high power intensity and large mechanical displacement, a new theoretical method is used to study the multi-mode characteristic of the cascaded piezoelectric transducer with cone horn in this paper. Based on equivalent circuit and Kirchhoff’s law to obtain the frequency equation and vibration velocity expression of the transducer, then the resonance frequency and effective electromechanical coupling coefficient can be calculated, the velocity amplification ratio can be obtained in the meantime. This method is distinguish from traditional theoretical analysis, which avoids complex transformation of the multi-excitation sources in cascaded structure, and can calculate more performance parameters. The relationships between these performance parameters and the excitation position of the piezoelectric stack, the length and output end radius of the cone horn are analyzed and compared with the numerical simulation, and the optimized parameters of the transducer size are given. A transducer is manufactured for experimental test, the results show that the experimental value is in good agreement with theoretical calculation and finite element simulation. This work is expected to be used in the optimal analysis of the multi-mode transducer in high power ultrasonic field.
Effect of InP/ZnS quantum dots aggregation on the kinetics of birefringence recorded in thin azopolymer composite films
Authors: Stoilova A , Dimov D , Trifonova Y , Mateev G , Lilova V , Nazarova D , Nedelchev L
Published: August 2024

The article describes the preparation of new thin film composite materials based on the azopolymer (poly[1-[4-(3-carboxy-4-hydroxyphenylazo)benzenesulfonamido]-1,2-ethanediyl, sodium salt]) doped with three different concentration of InP/ZnS quantum dots with size of 7.5 nm. Clusters of aggregated InP/ZnS were microscopically observed in the fabricated composite samples. Birefringence (Δn) was induced in the films at two different wavelengths of the pump laser (355 nm and 444 nm) and the obtained higher values of Δnmax for the samples doped with quantum dots up to 2 wt% in comparison to the non-doped film and the sample with the highest nanocrystals concentration are discussed, based on the measured fluorescence spectra, in terms of possible local energy transfer between the azobenzene chromophores and the InP/ZnS quantum dots.
Galactic dynamics in the presence of scalaron: a perspective from f(R) gravity
Authors: Mohan Gayatri , Dev Goswami Umananda
Published: August 2024

We consider f(R) modified gravity theory incorporating the chameleon mechanism to address galactic dynamics. By employing the metric formalism and utilizing a conformal transformation, we simplify the field equations and describe the extra degree of freedom f

R
via a scalar field (scalaron) with chameleonic behavior. A recently proposed f(R) model is analyzed to illustrate this behavior effectively. Subsequently, the rotational velocity equation including the scalaron’s contribution is derived for a test particle in a static, spherically symmetric spacetime. Then we generate rotation curves and fit them to observational data of thirty seven galaxies using two fitting parameters, M
0 and r

c
, the total mass and core radius of a galaxy respectively.
A four-element metasurface loaded high gain MIMO antenna for X-band applications
Authors: Sundaravadivel P , Rajesh Kumar D , Prithivirajan V , Anish Pon Yamini K
Published: August 2024

This research presents a novel four-port metamaterial-backed Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna system designed for X-band applications. Each modified circular-shaped antenna element is meticulously printed on a 1.6 mm thick FR4 substrate, resonating within the 9.2 to 9.9 GHz frequency range, encompassing a significant portion of the X-band spectrum. To enhance overall gain, a tilted square-shaped 4 × 4-unit cell is strategically printed on the ground plane of the substrate. The proposed MIMO antenna achieves a maximum gain of up to 8 dBi across the operating spectrum, coupled with an impressive radiation efficiency of up to 80%. Fabrication of the designed antenna is performed, and comprehensive parameter measurements validate its performance, exhibiting a close correlation with simulated results. Essential MIMO parameters such as ECC (<0.01), TARC (>10 dB), CCL (<0.3), and diversity gain are calculated to affirm the antenna’s proficiency further. The results show that the proposed antenna could be a suitable contender for X-band applications.
On the Vegard’s law compliance for CsxFA(1-x)PbI3 perovskite thin films
Authors: Torres-Herrera D Mateus , Ramírez-Iturbe Olaf , Nava-Sánchez Rosa , Morales-Acevedo Arturo
Published: August 2024

Perovskite-based solar cells (PSCs) have demonstrated remarkable high power conversion efficiency in recent years. However, the use of mono-organic cations (such as Methylammonium or Formamidinium) limits the potential for large-scale development due to potential degradation under environmental conditions. The incorporation of multi-cations has emerged as a strategy to enhance both performance and stability. The cesium (Cs) cation represents a solid alternative for partial substitution of Formamidinium. However, the initial concentration of precursors in the solution is often reported without establishing the final concentration of the cation present in the thin films. Herein, the incorporation of Cs cations into the FAPbI3 structure to produce a CsxFA(1-x)PbI3 perovskite with different values of x using a one-step spin coating process is demonstrated. Assessing the structural and optical properties, it is demonstrated that CsxFA(1-x)PbI3 films behave according to Vegard’s law for values of x between 0 and 0.66. In particular, CsxFA(1-x)PbI3, with an x concentration of 0.33 exhibits a cubic lattice parameter of 6.28 Å, lower than that for FAPbI3 but higher than that for CsPbI3. This concentration showed stability of the dark phase under ambient conditions for extended periods. In addition, this material has a bandgap of 1.5 eV, making it suitable for use in solar cells.
Label-free biochemical sensor for hydrogen peroxide detection enabled by a misaligned square coreless fiber
Authors: Liu Xiao , Feng Qianying , Wu Jixuan , Song Binbin , Sun Hanchao , Wang Jifang
Published: August 2024

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a common chemical substance that is widely used in many industries. Within a certain concentration range, hydrogen peroxide is hazardous and toxic. Therefore, it is crucial to accurately determine the concentration of hydrogen peroxide for safety and diagnostic purposes. Herein, a label-free biochemical sensor is proposed and experimentally demonstrated for highly efficient H2O2 detection. The biosensor is based on a misaligned square coreless fiber, which is fabricated using ultrasonic vibrational cutting technology. The surface of the square coreless fiber is functionalized with catalytic enzymes through covalent bonding, allowing for the accurate detection of H2O2 concentration. The experimental results show that label-free biochemical sensor exhibits a sensitivity of 0.0083 nm μM−1 within the H2O2 concentration range of 0–800 μM. A low limit of detection of 7.95 × 10−4 mol L−1 is also obtained during the detection of H2O2 solution. Furthermore, the developed optical sensor provides a biochemical platform for determining enzyme-catalyzed reactions and can be applied in the fields of food safety, health monitoring, and environmental protection.
Electromagnetic effects on solitons propagation of the (3+1)-dimensional extended Zakharov-Kuznetsov dynamical model with applications
Authors: Shehzad Khurrem , Wang Jun , Arshad Muhammad , Ghamkhar Madiha
Published: August 2024

This paper investigates wave solutions and electromagnetic wave phenomena governed by the (3+1)-dimensional extended Zakharov-Kuznetsov equation (EZKE) utilizing the Sardar sub-equation method. With a focus on electromagnetic wave generation and propagation, we rigorously analyze fundamental properties, soliton solutions, and dynamic behaviors of the EZKE. Through this analytical technique, we unravel the complex interplay among various wave types, including solitary waves and electromagnetic structures, elucidating their formation mechanisms and interaction dynamics. Furthermore, we delve into the stability characteristics of the EZKE, enhancing our understanding of its mathematical and physical implications. Our findings not only contribute to theoretical insights into nonlinear wave phenomena in (3+1)-dimensional space but also hold practical significance in plasma physics, nonlinear optics, and electromagnetic wave propagation. This study advances the development of innovative wave manipulation and control techniques, with applications ranging from plasma confinement in fusion devices to the design of advanced photonic devices for telecommunications and sensing purposes.
A molecular dynamics study on mechanical performance and deformation mechanisms in nanotwinned NiCo-based alloys with nano-precipitates under high temperatures
Authors: Yu 于 Zihao 子皓 , Wang 王 Hongyu 鸿宇 , Sun 孙 Ligang 李刚 , Li 李 Zhihui 志辉 , Zhu 朱 Linli 林利
Published: August 2024

Molecular dynamics simulations are performed to investigate the mechanical behavior of nanotwinned NiCo-based alloys containing coherent L12 nano-precipitates at different temperatures, as well as the interactions between the dislocations and nano-precipitates within the nanotwins. The simulation results demonstrate that both the yield stress and flow stress in the nanotwinned NiCo-based alloys with nano-precipitates decrease as the temperature rises, because the higher temperatures lead to the generation of more defects during yielding and lower dislocation density during plastic deformation. Moreover, the coherent L12 phase exhibits excellent thermal stability, which enables the hinderance of dislocation motion at elevated temperatures via the wrapping and cutting mechanisms of dislocations. The synergistic effect of nanotwins and nano-precipitates results in more significant strengthening behavior in the nanotwinned NiCo-based alloys under high temperatures. In addition, the high-temperature mechanical behavior of nanotwinned NiCo-based alloys with nano-precipitates is sensitive to the size and volume fraction of the microstructures. These findings could be helpful for the design of nanotwins and nano-precipitates to improve the high-temperature mechanical properties of NiCo-based alloys.