bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Challenges to medication adherence with intranasal corticosteroid irrigations
Authors: Gutierrez Jorge A. , Shannon Christian M. , Chapurin Nikita , Schlosser Rodney J. , Soler Zachary M.
Published: June 2023

Background

The purpose of this study was to investigate real‐world adherence to intranasal corticosteroid irrigations using pharmacy data and assess factors associated with low adherence.

Methods

Patients undergoing treatment with corticosteroid irrigations for any diagnosis during a 2‐year period were prospectively recruited. Subjects completed a one‐time set of questionnaires including the Barriers to Care Questionnaire (BCQ), 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22), and a questionnaire assessing their experience with corticosteroid irrigations. Pharmacy data was used to calculate the medication possession ratio (MPR), a measure of medication adherence graded from 0 to 1.

Results

Seventy‐one patients were enrolled. Patient diagnoses included chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) without nasal polyps (n = 37), CRS with nasal polyps (n = 24), or a non‐CRS diagnosis, most commonly chronic rhinitis (n = 10). The MPR for the overall group was 0.44 ± 0.33. Just 9.9% of patients had a perfect MPR of 1. Despite low MPR, only 19.7% of patients reported problems taking the medication when directly asked. Lower education resulted in lower MPR (unstandardized B = 0.065, p = 0.046). Increasing BCQ score, indicating higher barriers to care, was associated with lower MPR (unstandardized B = −0.010, p = 0.033). The lower the MPR, the worse the patient SNOT‐22 scores (unstandardized B = −15.980, p = 0.036).

Conclusion

Adherence to corticosteroid irrigations was low and patients underreported issues with their medication. Education and barriers to care were associated with lower adherence, which, in turn, was associated with worse sinonasal quality of life.
Design Principles for Maximizing Hole Utilization of Semiconductor Quantum Wires toward Efficient Photocatalysis
Authors: Zhang Chong , Shao Zhen‐Chao , Zhang Xiao‐Long , Liu Guo‐Qiang , Zhang Yu‐Zhuo , Wu Liang , Liu Cheng‐Yuan , Pan Yang , Su Fu‐Hai , Gao Min‐Rui , Li Yi , Yu Shu‐Hong
Published: June 2023

Maximizing hole‐transfer kinetics—usually a rate‐determining step in semiconductor‐based artificial photosynthesis—is pivotal for simultaneously enabling high‐efficiency solar hydrogen production and hole utilization. However, this remains elusive yet as efforts are largely focused on optimizing the electron‐involved half‐reactions only by empirically employing sacrificial electron donors (SEDs) to consume the wasted holes. Using high‐quality ZnSe quantum wires as models, we show that how hole‐transfer processes in different SEDs affect their photocatalytic performances. We found that larger driving forces of SEDs monotonically enhance hole‐transfer rates and photocatalytic performances by almost three orders of magnitude, a result conforming well with the Auger‐assisted hole‐transfer model in quantum‐confined systems. Intriguingly, further loading Pt cocatalyts can yield either an Auger‐assisted model or a Marcus inverted region for electron transfer, depending on the competing hole‐transfer kinetics in SEDs.
Directly Imaging and Regulating the Nanoscale Inhomogeneity of S‐Vacancies in Molybdenum Disulfide Monolayer during Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Ma Junjie , Wang Zixiao , Jiang Bo , Wang Wei , Wang Hui
Published: June 2023

The study of electron transfer event on two‐dimensional (2D) layered transition metal dichalcogenides has attracted tremendous attentions attributing to their promising applications in electrochemical devices. Herein, we demonstrate an opto‐electrochemical strategy to directly map and regulate electron transfer event on molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) monolayer by combining bright field (BF) imaging technique with electrochemical modulation. The heterogeneity of electrochemical activity on MoS2 monolayer down to nanoscale is resolved spatiotemporally. The thermodynamics of MoS2 monolayer is measured during electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution, and the Arrhenius correlations are obtained. We validate that the defect generation engineered by oxygen plasma bombardment dramatically enhances the local electrochemical activity of MoS2 monolayer, which can be attributed to point defects of S‐vacancies as evidenced. Furthermore, by comparing the difference of electron transfer event on MoS2 with various layers, the interlayer coupling effect is uncovered. This study represents a facile method to image the heterogeneity of electrochemical properties for nanomaterials with atomic thickness and regulate the local activity within the plane by extrinsic factors. It also has potential applications in the design and evaluation of high‐performance layered electrochemical systems down to nanoscale.
Mo−Ni‐based Heterojunction with Fine‐customized d‐Band Centers for Hydrogen Production Coupled with Benzylamine Electrooxidation in Low Alkaline Medium
Authors: Li Yue , Jiao Yanqing , Yan Haijing , Yang Ganceng , Liu Yue , Tian Chungui , Wu Aiping , Fu Honggang
Published: June 2023

Benzylamine electrooxidation reaction (BAOR) is a promising route to produce value‐added, easy‐separated benzonitrile, and effectively hoist H2 production. However, achieving excellent performance in low alkaline medium is a huge challenge. The performance is intimately correlated with effective coupling of HER and BAOR, which can be achieved by manipulating the d‐electron structure of catalyst to regulate the active species from water. Herein, we constructed a biphasic Mo0.8Ni0.2N−Ni3N heterojunction for enhanced bifunctional performance toward HER coupled with BAOR by customizing the d‐band centers. Experimental and theoretical calculations indicate that charge transfer in the heterojunction causes the upshift of the d‐band centers, which one side facilitates to decrease water activation energy and optimize H* adsorption on Mo0.8Ni0.2N for promoting HER activity, the other side favors to more easily produce and adsorb OH* from water for forming NiOOH on Ni3N and optimizing adsorption energy of benzylamine, thus catalyzing BAOR effectively. Accordingly, it shows an industrial current density of 220 mA cm−2 at 1.59 V and high Faradaic efficiencies (>99 %) for H2 production and converting benzylamine to benzonitrile in 0.1 M KOH/0.5 M Na2SO4. This work guides the design of excellent bifunctional electrocatalysts for the scalable production of green hydrogen and value‐added products.
Assessing the Productivity of the Direct Conversion of Methane‐to‐Methanol over Copper‐Exchanged Zeolite Omega (MAZ) via Oxygen Looping
Authors: Wieser Johannes , Knorpp Amy J. , Stoian Dragos C. , Rzepka Przemyslaw , Newton Mark A. , van Bokhoven Jeroen A.
Published: June 2023

The methane‐to‐methanol (MtM) conversion via the oxygen looping approach using copper‐exchanged zeolites has been extensively studied over the last decade. While a lot of research has focussed on maximizing yield and selectivity, little has been directed toward productivity—a metric far more meaningful for evaluating industrial potential. Using copper‐exchanged zeolite omega (Cu‐omega), a material highly active and selective for the MtM conversion using the isothermal oxygen looping approach, we show that this material exhibits unprecedented potential for industrial valorization. In doing so, we also present a novel methodology combining operando XAS and mass spectrometry for the screening of materials for the MtM conversion in oxygen looping mode.
Induced‐Fit‐Identification in a Rigid Metal‐Organic Framework for ppm‐Level CO2 Removal and Ultra‐Pure CO Enrichment
Authors: Hu Peng , Hu Jialang , Zhu Min , Xiong Chao , Krishna Rajamani , Zhao Dan , Ji Hongbing
Published: June 2023

Removing CO2 from crude syngas via physical adsorption is an effective method to yield eligible syngas. However, the bottleneck in trapping ppm‐level CO2 and improving CO purity at higher working temperatures are major challenges. Here we report a thermoresponsive metal–organic framework (1 a‐apz), assembled by rigid Mg2(dobdc) (1 a) and aminopyrazine (apz), which not only affords an ultra‐high CO2 capacity (145.0/197.6 cm3 g−1 (0.01/0.1 bar) at 298 K) but also produces ultra‐pure CO (purity ≥99.99 %) at a practical ambient temperature (TA). Several characterization results, including variable‐temperature tests, in situ high‐resolution synchrotron X‐ray diffraction (HR‐SXRD), and simulations, explicitly unravel that the excellent property is attributed to the induced‐fit‐identification in 1 a‐apz that comprises self‐adaption of apz, multiple binding sites, and complementary electrostatic potential (ESP). Breakthrough tests suggest that 1 a‐apz can remove CO2 from 1/99 CO2/CO mixtures at practical 348 K, yielding 70.5 L kg−1 of CO with ultra‐high purity of ≥99.99 %. The excellent separation performance is also revealed by separating crude syngas that contains quinary mixtures of H2/N2/CH4/CO/CO2 (46/18.3/2.4/32.3/1, v/v/v/v/v).
Inter‐Metal Interaction of Dual‐Atom Catalysts in Heterogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Chen Yang , Lin Jian , Pan Qin , Liu Xu , Ma Tianyi , Wang Xiaodong
Published: June 2023

Dual‐atom catalysts (DACs) have been a new frontier in heterogeneous catalysis due to their unique intrinsic properties. The synergy between dual atoms provides flexible active sites, promising to enhance performance and even catalyze more complex reactions. However, precisely regulating active site structure and uncovering dual‐atom metal interaction remain grand challenges. In this review, we clarify the significance of the inter‐metal interaction of DACs based on the understanding of active center structures. Three diatomic configurations are elaborated, including isolated dual single‐atom, N/O‐bridged dual‐atom, and direct dual‐metal bonding interaction. Subsequently, the up‐to‐date progress in heterogeneous oxidation reactions, hydrogenation/dehydrogenation reactions, electrocatalytic reactions, and photocatalytic reactions are summarized. The structure‐activity relationship between DACs and catalytic performance is then discussed at an atomic level. Finally, the challenges and future directions to engineer the structure of DACs are discussed. This review will offer new prospects for the rational design of efficient DACs toward heterogeneous catalysis.
Degradation kinetics of epoxidized soybean oil
Authors: Barreto J. V. M. , Albuquerque A. K. C. , Ries Andreas , Wellen R. M. R.
Published: June 2023

This work deals with the degradation kinetics of epoxidized soybean oil, whereas the weight loss of epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) cured with methyl tetrahydrophthalic anhydride (MTHPA) as hardener and 2,4,6‐tris (dimethylaminomethyl) phenol (DEH 35) as catalyst displayed two main regions in the thermogravimetry (TG) plots. Nevertheless, deconvolution of the weight loss plots presented three or more events depending on the composition and experimental parameters. Increase the MTHPA addition led to a decrease in the activation energy (AE) for curing which conducted to an increased AE during the degradation. Friedman's isoconversional model exhibits proper R2 for the curing kinetics, but lower R2 values for lower anhydride contents during the degradation kinetics analyses. Kissinger‐Akahira‐Sunose (KAS) and Ozawa‐Flynn‐Wall (OFW) models displayed the best R2 during the kinetics evaluation, whereas the degradation mechanisms fitted reasonably with Avrami‐Erofeev (An) and nth‐order autocatalytic (Cn) during the first and second weight loss regions. Microstructural analyzes and in‐depth investigations into the thermal degradation mechanism of ESO suggest two possible pathways, that is, production of carbonic groups through heterolytic scission, and formation of electrically stable groups with saturated carbon bonds.
A MOF‐derived Bimetallic Co‐catalyst for Promoting Visible‐light Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution on NH2‐MIL‐125
Authors: Wang Mengmin , Zhang Yijun , Zhang Yang , Ning Wenxin , Liu Peng Fei
Published: June 2023

In order to construct noble metal‐free co‐catalysts to facilitate the transport and separation of photocatalyst carriers, herein, a MOF‐based derived bimetallic NiCu0.2 co‐catalyst was loaded on NH2‐MIL‐125(Ti). The obtained NiCu0.2/NH2‐MIL‐125 exhibited a photocatalytic activity of 161.4 μmol g−1 h−1 for hydrogen evolution, 12.6 times higher than that of the Ni/NH2‐MIL‐125 and even slightly better than Pt/NH2‐MIL‐125. The work expands the development pathway of cost‐effective and highly active bimetallic co‐catalysts for photocatalytic H2 evolution.
Continuous drainage for the treatment of gastric cancer with pericardial metastasis and cardiac tamponade: A case report
Authors: Hirai Tadayuki , Omi Wataru , Nakagawa Yoichiro , Shinjo Yusuke , Okabe Yoshitaka , Kato Chieko , Saeki Takahiro , Sakagami Satoru
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical Message

Signet‐ring cell gastric carcinomas presenting as pericardial effusion early in diagnosis are rare and associated with high mortality and a poor prognosis. There are two interesting aspects of this case: primary gastric carcinoma presenting as cardiac tamponade and the metastatic behavior of gastric signet‐ring cell carcinoma.

This report describes an 83‐year‐old man diagnosed to have cardiac tamponade due to massive pericardial effusion. A cytological analysis of the pericardial effusion disclosed adenocarcinoma. The patient was treated with continuous pericardial drainage and the amount of pericardial effusion decreased.
Exploring the impact of exercise and essential amino acid plus cholecalciferol supplementation on physical fitness and body composition in multiple sclerosis: A case study
Authors: Ispoglou Theocharis , Ferentinos Panagiotis , Prokopidis Konstantinos , Blake Cameron , Aldrich Luke , Elia Antonis , Lees Matthew , Hind Karen
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical Message

In MS patients, especially those frail or malnourished, combining home‐based exercise twice weekly with essential amino acids and vitamin D may improve body composition, strength, and physical performance, enabling long‐term functional improvements.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with reduced bone and muscle strength and function. We aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a 24‐week intervention in a 57‐year‐old frail female with MS. The participant completed a 2×/week exercise intervention and ingested 2×/day a supplement containing 7.5 g essential amino acids and 500 IU cholecalciferol. Body composition, 6‐m gait speed (GS), handgrip strength (HGS), 30‐sec arm‐curl test (30ACT), 6‐min walking test (6MWT), 30‐sec chair‐stand test (30CST), and plasma concentrations of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3], insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1), and amino acids were assessed at baseline, and at Weeks 12 and 24. Plasma 25(OH)D3 increased from 23.2 to 41.3 ng/mL and IGF‐1 from 131.6 to 140.7 ng/mL from baseline to post‐intervention. BMI, total lean tissue mass (LTM), fat mass, bone mineral content, and the sum of 17 amino acids increased by 3.8, 1.0, 3.5, 0.2, and 19%, respectively, at Week 24. There were clinically significant increases in regional LTM (6.9% arms and 6.3% legs) and large increases in GS (67.3%), dominant HGS (31.5%), non‐dominant HGS (11.8%), dominant 30ACT (100%), non‐dominant 30ACT (116.7%), 6MWT (125.6%), and 30CST (44.4%). The current intervention was effective in improving components of physical fitness and body composition in a female with MS.
Disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis in a kidney transplant recipient
Authors: Amiri Rezvan , Farrokhnia Mehrdad , Mousavi Mehdiabadi Fatemeh
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical Message

In this case of disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis in our immunosuppressive patient who was a refractor to treatment with intra‐lesion Glucantime® and systemic L‐AmB, considering the good clinical response to oral miltefosine, this drug might be the best treatment option.

Diagnosis and treatment of leishmaniasis are challenging in immunosuppressed patients. Here, we report a 46‐year‐old male renal transplant recipient with disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis presenting with multiple lesions on the face and upper extremities 15 years after transplant with a challenging course of treatment with meglumine antimoniate, liposomal amphotericin B, and miltefosine.
Disseminated fungal infection in a patient receiving zanubrutinib
Authors: Walsh Madalyn , Xu Alice , Ballas Zuhair , Sanchez Rolando
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical Message

We report a case of fatal disseminated aspergillosis in the setting of administration of zanubrutinib, a second‐generation Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor thought to have a lower rate of immunosuppression‐related side effects.
Interaction of Water with Ceria Thin Film
Authors: Zhou Qin , Akber Humaira , Zhao Aidi , Yang Fan , Liu Zhi
Published: June 2023

Water interaction with ceria is a fundamental process underpinning catalytic reactions such as water‐gas‐shift and water electrolysis. This review summarizes the investigations of water interactions with the ceria low‐index surfaces [(111), (100), and (110)]. The first part introduces: (a) The atomic structures of the stoichiometric CeO2 and reduced CeOx (x=1.5∼2) thin films, including the characteristics of oxygen vacancies; (b) The anisotropic migration mechanisms of oxygen vacancies and the locations of the entangled polarons in the reduced ceria. The second part reviews water‘s adsorption, desorption, dissociation, and redox properties on the ceria low‐index surfaces studied by DFT, TPD, XPS, RPES, TEM, and SPM methods. The impacts of water coverage, ceria film thickness, strain effect, dopant effect, face stability, and solid‐liquid interface on the interaction between water and ceria are also discussed. At last, this review sheds some light on the future directions and challenges in this topic.
DNA Windmill Probe for Multiplexed mRNA Detection and Cell Type Discrimination
Authors: Zhao Yu , Li Zhihao , Li Bo , Wang Chunyan
Published: June 2023

Accurate cancer diagnosis especially early diagnosis is of great importance for prompt therapy and elevated survival rate. mRNAs are widely used as biomarkers for cancer identification and treatment. mRNA expression levels are highly associated with cancer stage and malignant progression. Nevertheless, single type mRNA detection is insufficient and unreliable. Herein, we developed a DNA nano‐windmill probe for in situ multiplexed mRNAs detection and imaging in this paper. The probe is designed to simultaneously target four types of mRNA through wind blades. Importantly, recognition of targets is independent from each other, which further facilitate cell type discrimination. The probe can specifically distinguish cancer cell lines from normal cells. In addition, it can identify changes in mRNA expression levels in living cells. The current strategy enriches the toolbox for improving the accuracy of cancer diagnosis and therapeutic solutions.
Double Dynamic Structural Change Enabling Tricolor Chromism by the Realization of Apparent Two‐Electron Transfer to Skip the Open‐Shell State
Authors: Harimoto Takashi , Sugai Yuka , Sugawara Kazuma , Suzuki Takanori , Ishigaki Yusuke
Published: June 2023

Most redox systems generally cannot avoid the involvement of open‐shell species upon generating multiply charged species, which often reduces reversibility in multi‐color electrochromic systems. In this study, we newly synthesized octakis(aminophenyl)‐substituted pentacenebisquinodimethane (BQD) derivatives and their hybrids with alkoxyphenyl analogues. Thanks to apparent two‐electron transfer accompanied by double dramatic changes in the structure of the arylated quinodimethane skeleton, the dicationic and tetracationic states were generated and isolated quantitatively because of the negligible steady‐state concentration of intermediary open‐shell species such as monocation or trication radicals. When two electrophores with different donating abilities are attached to the BQD skeleton, a dicationic state with a different color can be isolated in addition to the neutral and tetracationic states. For these tetracations, an interchromophore interaction induces a red‐shift of the NIR absorptions, thus realizing tricolor UV/Vis/NIR electrochromic behavior involving only closed‐shell states.
Design and Synthesis of BODIPY‐Hetero[5]helicenes as Heavy‐Atom‐Free Triplet Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer
Authors: Koli Mrunesh , Gupta Sonali , Chakraborty Saikat , Ghosh Ayan , Ghosh Rajib , Wadawale A. P. , Ghanty Tapan K. , Patro Birija S. , Mula Soumyaditya
Published: June 2023

Designing heavy‐atom‐free triplet photosensitizers (PSs) is a challenge for the efficient photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer. Helicenes are twisted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with an efficient intersystem crossing (ISC) that is proportional to their twisting angle. But their difficult syntheses and weak absorption profile in the visible spectral region restrict their use as heavy‐atom‐free triplet PSs for PDT. On the other hand, boron‐containing PAHs, BODIPYs are highly recognized for their outstanding optical properties. However, planar BODIPY dyes has low ISC and thus they are not very effective as PDT agents. We have designed and synthesized fused compounds containing both BODIPY and hetero[5]helicene structures to develop red‐shifted chromophores with efficient ISC. One of the pyrrole units of the BODIPY core was also replaced by a thiazole unit to further enhance the triplet conversion. All the fused compounds have helical structure, and their twisting angles are also increased by substitutions at the boron centre. The helical structures of the BODIPY‐hetero[5]helicenes were confirmed by X‐ray crystallography and DFT structure optimization. The designed BODIPY‐hetero[5]helicenes showed superior optical properties and high ISC with respect to [5]helicene. Interestingly their ISC efficiencies increase proportionally with their twisting angles. This is the first report on the relationship between the twisting angle and the ISC efficiency in twisted BODIPY‐based compounds. Theoretical calculations showed that energy gap of the S1 and T1 states decreases in BODIPY‐hetero[5]helicene as compared to planar BODIPY. This enhances the ISC rate in BODIPY‐hetero[5]helicene, which is responsible for their high generation of singlet oxygen. Finally, their potential applications as PDT agents were investigated, and one BODIPY‐hetero[5]helicene showed efficient cancer cell killing upon photo‐exposure. This new design strategy will be very useful for the future development of heavy‐atom‐free PDT agents.
Macroporous Hydrogels Prepared By Ice Templating: Developments And Challenges†
Authors: Chen Di , Yang Biru , Yang Chen , Wu Jingjun , Zhao Qian
Published: June 2023

Comprehensive Summary

Macroporous hydrogels are water‐swollen polymer networks with porous structures beyond the mesh size. They provide high specific surface areas and hieratical mass transfer channels which are desired for emerging applications including cell culturing, bio‐separation, and drug delivery. A variety of approaches have been developed to fabricate macroporous hydrogels, including gas foaming, porogen templating, phase separation, 3D printing, etc. Alternatively, ice templating utilizes the crystallization of water as the porogenation mechanism which doesn't need the leaching of porogens. The porous structures can be easily manipulated by controlling the morphology of ice (size, orientation, etc.) upon freezing. In addition, mechanical properties of obtained porous hydrogels are commonly better than those of other macroporous hydrogels since the pore walls are made up of concentrated polymers through the freezing step. These three characteristics, that is, the green process, the highly tunable morphology, and the enhanced mechanical strength make the ice templating a superior porogenation method. This review expects to give an overview on macroporous hydrogels prepared by the ice templating, namely, cryogels. Recent progresses on emerging cryo‐porogenation methods are introduced. Fundamental understanding concerning the behavior of the polymer chains during the formation of ice is proposed. Future opportunities on the application of cryogels are prospected.
Hippocampal CA3 inhibitory neurons receive extensive noncanonical synaptic inputs from CA1 and subicular complex
Authors: Lin Xiaoxiao , Cyrus Neeyaz , Avila Brenda , Holmes Todd C. , Xu Xiangmin
Published: June 2023

Hippocampal CA3 is traditionally conceptualized as a brain region within a unidirectional feedforward trisynaptic pathway that links major hippocampal subregions. Recent genomic and viral tracing studies indicate that the anatomical connectivity of CA3 and the trisynaptic pathway is more complex than initially expected and suggests that there may be cell type–specific input gradients throughout the three‐dimensional hippocampal structure. In several recent studies using multiple viral tracing approaches, we describe subdivisions of the subiculum complex and ventral hippocampal CA1 that show significant back projections to CA1 and CA3 excitatory neurons. These novel connections form “noncanonical” circuits that run in the opposite direction relative to the well‐characterized feedforward pathway. Diverse subtypes of GABAergic inhibitory neurons participate within the trisynaptic pathway. In the present study, we have applied monosynaptic retrograde viral tracing to examine noncanonical synaptic inputs from CA1 and subicular complex to the inhibitory neuron in hippocampal CA3. We quantitatively mapped synaptic inputs to CA3 inhibitory neurons to understand how they are connected within and beyond the hippocampus formation. Major brain regions that provide typical inputs to CA3 inhibitory neurons include the medial septum, the dentate gyrus, the entorhinal cortex, and CA3. Noncanonical inputs from ventral CA1 and subicular complex to CA3 inhibitory neurons follow a proximodistal topographic gradient with regard to CA3 subregions. We find novel noncanonical circuit connections between inhibitory CA3 neurons and ventral CA1, subiculum complex, and other brain regions. These results provide a new anatomical connectivity basis to further study the function of CA3 inhibitory neurons.
Influence of needle design and irrigation depth in the presence of vapor lock: A computational fluid dynamics analysis in human oval roots with apical ramification
Authors: Loroño G. , Zaldívar J. M. R. , Arias A. , Dorado S. , Jimenez‐Octavio J. R.
Published: June 2023

This paper aims to study the removal of a vapor lock located in the apical ramification of an oval distal root of a human mandibular molar, simulating different needles and irrigation depths with computational fluid dynamic. A geometric reconstruction of the micro‐CT of the molar shaped up to a WaveOne Gold Medium instrument was used. A vapor lock located in the apical 2 mm was incorporated. Geometries with positive pressure needles (side‐vented [SV], flat or front‐vented [FV] and notched [N]) and the EndoVac microcannula (MiC) were created to run the simulations. Irrigation key parameters (flow pattern, irrigant velocity, apical pressure, wall shear stress) and vapor lock removal were compared among the different simulations. Each needle behaved differently that is, FV removed the vapor lock from one ramification and had the highest apical pressure and shear stress values; SV removed the vapor lock in the main root canal but not in the ramification and reached the lowest apical pressure from the positive pressure needles; N was not able to completely remove the vapor lock and showed low apical pressure and shear stress; MiC removed the vapor lock from one ramification, had negative apical pressure and the lowest maximum shear stress. The main conclusion is that none of the needles showed complete removal of vapor lock. MiC, N, and FV were able to partially remove the vapor lock from one out of the three ramifications. However, SV needle was the only simulation that showed high shear stress with low apical pressure.
Gut microbiome influences incidence and outcomes of breast cancer by regulating levels and activity of steroid hormones in women
Authors: Chapadgaonkar Shilpa S. , Bajpai Srashti S. , Godbole Mukul S.
Published: June 2023

Background

Breast cancer, the leading cancer type in women worldwide, is affected by reproductive and nonreproductive factors. Estrogen and progesterone influence the incidence and progression of breast cancer. The microbiome of the gut, a complex organ that plays a vital role in digestion and homeostasis, enhances availability of estrogen and progesterone in the host. Thus, an altered gut microbiome may influence the hormone‐induced breast cancer incidence. This review describes the current understanding of the roles of gut microbiome in influencing the incidence and progression of breast cancer, with an emphasis on the microbiome‐induced metabolism of estrogen and progesterone.

Recent Findings

Microbiome has been recognized as a promising hallmark of cancer. Next‐generation sequencing technologies have aided in rapid identification of components of the gut microbiome that are capable of metabolizing estrogen and progesterone. Moreover, studies have indicated a wider role of the gut microbiome in metabolizing chemotherapeutic and hormonal therapy agents and reducing their efficacy in patients with breast cancer, with a predominant effect in postmenopausal women.

Conclusion

The gut microbiome and variations in its composition significantly alter the incidence and therapy outcomes of patients with breast cancer. Thus, a healthy and diverse microbiome is required for better response to anticancer therapies. Finally, the review emphasizes the requirement of studies to elucidate mechanisms that may aid in improving the gut microbiome composition, and hence, survival outcomes of patients with breast cancer.
Validity of steady Prandtl layer expansions
Authors: Guo Yan , Iyer Sameer
Published: June 2023

Let the viscosity for the 2D steady Navier‐Stokes equations in the region and with no slip boundary conditions at . For , we justify the validity of the steady Prandtl layer expansion for scaled Prandtl layers, including the celebrated Blasius boundary layer. Our uniform estimates in ε are achieved through a fixed‐point scheme:
for solving the Navier‐Stokes equations, where are the tangential and normal velocities at , DNS stands for of the vorticity equation for the normal velocity v, and the compatibility ODE for at .
Pharmacokinetics and Bioequivalence of Mirogabalin Orally Disintegrating Tablets and Conventional Tablets in Healthy Japanese Participants
Authors: Toyama Kaoru , Eto Takashi , Suzuki Kanae , Shinohara Sayaka , Yoshiba Satoshi , Yoshihara Kazutaka , Ishizuka Hitoshi
Published: June 2023

This single‐center, randomized, open‐label, single‐dose, 2‐group, 2‐stage crossover trial evaluated the bioequivalence of 15 mg of mirogabalin as orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) with conventional mirogabalin tablets in healthy Japanese men. The trial involved two studies: in Study 1, the ODT formulation was taken without water, and in Study 2, the ODT formulation was taken with water. The conventional tablet was taken with water in both studies. We investigated the pharmacokinetic parameters and bioequivalence of the 2 formulations, including the maximum plasma concentration and the area under the plasma concentration‐time curve up to the last quantifiable time. The plasma concentrations of mirogabalin were determined by a validated liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method. A total of 72 participants were enrolled and completed the trial. The geometric least‐squares mean ratios of maximum plasma concentration of the ODT formulation to the conventional formulation were within the prespecified bioequivalence range of 0.80–1.25 (Study 1, 0.995; Study 2, 1.009), as was the area under the plasma concentration‐time curve up to the last quantifiable time (Study 1, 1.023; Study 2, 1.035). No serious adverse events were observed. In conclusion, mirogabalin 15‐mg ODTs, either with or without water, were bioequivalent to conventional 15‐mg tablets.
Synergistically Regulating the Electronic Structure of CoS by Cation and Anion Dual‐Doping for Efficient Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Jiang Ling , Gu Mingzheng , Wang Hao , Huang Xiaomin , Gao An , Sun Ping , Liu Xudong , Zhang Xiaojun
Published: June 2023

Precisely regulating the electronic construction of the reactive center is an essential method to improve the electrocatalysis, but achieving efficient multifunctional characteristics remains a challenge. Herein, CoS sample dual‐doped by Cu and F atoms, as bifunctional electrocatalyst, is designed and synthesized for water electrolysis. According to the experimental results, Cu atom doping can perform primary electronic adjustment and obtain bifunctional properties, and then the electronic structure is adjusted for the second time to achieve an optimal state by introducing F atom. Meanwhile, this dual‐doping strategy will result in lattice distortion and expose more active sites. As expected, dual‐doped Cu−F−CoS show the brilliant electrocatalytic activity, revealing ultralow overpotentials (59 mV for HER, 213 mV for OER) at 10 mA cm−2 in alkaline electrolyte. Besides, it also exhibits distinguished water electrolysis activity with cell voltage as low as 1.52 V at 10 mA cm−2. Our work can provide an atomic‐level perception for adjusting the electronic construction of reactive sites by means of dual‐doping engineering and put forward a contributing path for the electrocatalysts with multifunctional designing.
PD1hi CD200hi CD4+ exhausted T cell increase immunotherapy resistance and tumour progression by promoting epithelial–mesenchymal transition in bladder cancer
Authors: Wu Chun , Duan Lianhui , Li Hongmu , Liu Xuefei , Cai Taonong , Yang Yang , Yin Yuting , Chang Wuguang , Zhong Leqi , Zhang Lin , Cheng Yixin , Qin Haide , Wen Zhesheng , Wang Huiyun , Mai Shijuan
Published: June 2023

Background

Bladder cancer (BLCA) is one of the most diagnosed cancers in humans worldwide. Recently, immunotherapy has become a main treatment option for BC. However, most BLCA patients do not respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors or relapse after immunotherapy. Therefore, it is very important to identify novel biomarkers for the prediction of immunotherapy response in B patients.

Methods

Pancancer single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) data were used to identify the clusters of CD4+ T cells in the tumour microenvironment (TME). The clinical significance of key CD4+ T‐cell clusters was evaluated based on the survival data of two independent immunotherapy bladder cancer (BLCA) cohorts. We also investigated the function of key clusters of CD4+ T cell in the TME of BC cells in vitro.

Results

This study identified two novel exhausted CD4+ T‐cell subpopulations with the expression of PD1hi CD200hi or PD1hi CD200low in BC patients. Moreover, BLCA patients with a high level of PD1hi CD200hi CD4+ exhausted T cell showed immunotherapy resistance. Cell function analysis demonstrated that PD1hi CD200hi CD4+ exhausted T cell can promote epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and angiogenesis in BLCA cells. In addition, PD1hi CD200hi CD4+ exhausted T cells were shown to communicate with malignant BLCA cells through the GAS6–AXL axis. Finally, we also found that GAS6 expression is upregulated in B cells by METTL3‐mediated m6A modification.

Conclusions

PD1hi CD200hi CD4+ exhausted T cell may serve as a novel biomarker for poor prognosis and immunotherapy resistance in B. Targeted inhibitors of PD1hi CD200hi CD4+ exhausted T cells may help improve the efficacy of immunotherapy.
A Delphi study exploring the barriers to dyslexia diagnosis and support: A parent's perspective
Authors: Harding Sophie , Chauhan‐Sims Maya , Oxley Emily , Nash Hannah M.
Published: June 2023

The Rose Report (Rose, Independent review of the primary curriculum (England); 2009) outlined a set of recommendations for the management of dyslexia in the United Kingdom after a range of issues were found. Despite these recommendations, recent reports indicate that issues are still prevalent in the diagnosis process and support offered for dyslexic children. The Delphi method was employed to gain parental consensus as to the most significant barriers to diagnosis and delivery of support for children with dyslexia, as well as solutions to overcoming these barriers. Parents of primary school children with dyslexia were recruited for the study and were presented with a three round iterative questionnaire surrounding their experience of their child's dyslexia management. Parents' experiences of their child's diagnosis were explored to provide a first‐hand account of the diagnosis procedure. Two overarching issues were identified: parents perceive that teachers have a lack of training around dyslexia, both initially and from continued professional development, and parents believe there is insufficient funding for dyslexia in schools and local authorities. Overall, the study indicated that better guidance is needed to ensure that reform and spending leads to tangible change in the identification of dyslexia and provision of support for children with dyslexia in primary education in the United Kingdom.
Toward freshwater plant diversity surveys with eDNA barcoding and metabarcoding
Authors: Espinosa Prieto Armando , Beisel Jean‐Nicolas , Verschuren Pieternel , Hardion Laurent
Published: June 2023

Providing reliable, cost‐effective data on species distribution is critical to ensuring biodiversity conservation. However, many species may go unrecorded by conventional surveys, especially in aquatic environments. Environmental DNA (eDNA) barcoding and metabarcoding are alternative approaches that could complete biodiversity estimates based on species observations. While eDNA surveys are being standardized for some animal groups (e.g., fish and amphibians), research on eDNA approaches for freshwater plant communities is just starting to bear fruit. Here, we synthesized the 22 studies that used eDNA barcoding and metabarcoding to survey plant biodiversity in freshwater systems. We present evidence that contemporary aquatic plants (macrophytes) and terrestrial plants can be detected in water and surficial sediment eDNA from lakes and rivers. The phenology (e.g., senescence) of the target taxa strongly influences species detection. The main application of eDNA barcoding targets the monitoring of invasive macrophytes, and barcoding assays are available for 14 taxa. The metabarcoding approach shows a range of applications: the detection of rare macrophytes, catchment‐scale floristic inventories, and sediment fingerprinting. Barcodes on the plastid genome (cpDNA) are preferred for both approaches: matK and trnH‐psbA for barcoding, trnL, and rbcL for metabarcoding. The intergenic transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) from the nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) was used for designing eDNA barcoding assays on five invasive macrophytes. In contrast, only three metabarcoding studies used the ITS1 or IST2 with newly designed primers. However, metabarcoding applications should routinely use a multi‐locus approach, combining cpDNA and nrDNA barcodes. Barcode combinations and existing primers need further testing on eDNA samples. We recommend using local barcode reference databases (BRDs), ideally self‐made, to circumvent taxonomic gaps and heterogeneous sequences in public BRDs. Finally, new technologies and developments like droplet digital PCR and hybridisation capture offer new perspectives for eDNA‐based biodiversity monitoring approaches.
Heterointerface Engineering‐Induced Oxygen Defects for the Manganese Dissolution Inhibition in Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries
Authors: Qu Wentao , Cai Yong , Chen Baohui , Zhang Ming
Published: June 2023

Manganese‐based material is a prospective cathode material for aqueous zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) by virtue of its high theoretical capacity, high operating voltage, and low price. However, the manganese dissolution during the electrochemical reaction causes its electrochemical cycling stability to be undesirable. In this work, heterointerface engineering‐induced oxygen defects are introduced into heterostructure MnO2 (δa‐MnO2) by in situ electrochemical activation to inhibit manganese dissolution for aqueous zinc ion batteries. Meanwhile, the heterointerface between the disordered amorphous and the crystalline MnO2 of δa‐MnO2 is decisive for the formation of oxygen defects. And the experimental results indicate that the manganese dissolution of δa‐MnO2 is considerably inhibited during the charge/discharge cycle. Theoretical analysis indicates that the oxygen defect regulates the electronic and band structure and the Mn‐O bonding state of the electrode material, thereby promoting electron transport kinetics as well as inhibiting Mn dissolution. Consequently, the capacity of δa‐MnO2 does not degrade after 100 cycles at a current density of 0.5 A g−1 and also 91% capacity retention after 500 cycles at 1 A g−1. This study provides a promising insight into the development of high‐performance manganese‐based cathode materials through a facile and low‐cost strategy.
Forging C−S Bonds on the Azetidine Ring by Continuous Flow Photochemical Addition of Thiols and Disulfides to Azetines
Authors: Colella Marco , Gelato Yuri , Andresini Michael , Graziano Elena , Vilé Gianvito , Degennaro Leonardo , Luisi Renzo
Published: June 2023

A strategy for anti‐Markovnikov hydroalkyl/aryl thiolation and disulfidation of 2‐azetines under continuous flow conditions has been developed. Thiyl radicals are generated from thiols or disulfides and subsequently propagate into the azetine unsaturation to forge the C−S bond and shape a secondary radical intermediate. This carbon‐centered radical chain transfers to another thiol via hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) or another disulfide to regenerate the key thiyl radical intermediates. The use of flow technology ensures efficient irradiation of the reaction mixture leading to extremely fast, robust, and scalable protocols. Furthermore, ethyl acetate was adopted as an environmentally responsible solvent.
Aza‐Michael Reaction: A Decade Later – Is the Research Over?
Authors: Yu. Rulev Alexander
Published: June 2023

The 1,4‐conjugated addition of nitrogen centered nucleophiles to electron‐deficient alkenes, historically called the aza‐Michael addition, is one of the most significant and widely used reactions in modern synthetic organic chemistry. In the last decade, great progress has been made in this field namely in the development of various catalytic systems. Fundamental advances involve the use of transition metal catalysts, organocatalysts, enzymes, ionic liquids, Brønsted and Lewis acids and bases. This Review aims to critically analyze the results of research into the reactions of aliphatic and aromatic amines with Michael acceptors.
Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Direct Substitution of Alcohols in Aqueous Media
Authors: Ma Xiantao , Yan Xiaoyu , Yu Jing
Published: June 2023

The direct use of alcohols as the much greener and more sustainable alkylated reagents in substitution reactions is one of the emerging areas in green chemisty. However, owing to the poor leaving character of OH group, the direct substitution of alcohols is not an easy thing. Transition metal (TM) catalysis such as Pd‐catalyzed allylic/benzyl substitution and Ir‐catalyzed borrowing hydrogen provides efficient protocols for the direct substitution of alcohols, however, an organic solvent and servely anhydrous conditions are generally required. In recent decade, TM‐catalyzed direct substitution of alcohols in aqueous media was developed as a much greener alternative. In this review, the recent develpoments of this area are summarized. The activation mechanism of alcohols in aqueous reactions are emphatically discussed.
QoS‐aware web service recommendation via exploring the users' personalized diversity preferences
Authors: Kang Guosheng , Liang Bowen , Ding Linghang , Liu Jianxun , Cao Buqing , Kang Yun
Published: June 2023

With the popularity and wide adoption of SOA (service‐oriented architecture), a massive amount of Web services emerge on the Internet. It is difficult for users to find the desired services from a large number of services. Thus, service recommendation becomes an effective means to improve the efficiency of using service. Considering that the users' QoS (quality of service) preferences are often unknown or uncertain, the recent QoS‐aware service recommendation methods recommend QoS‐diversified services for users to increase the probability of fulfillment of the service list with a limited number of services on users' potential QoS preferences. However, the existing QoS‐diversified service recommendation methods recommend services with a uniform diversity degree for different users, while the diversified preference requirements are not considered. To this end, this article proposes a service diversity adjustment algorithm, which selects more diversified services outside of the original service recommendation list to replace the services in the present recommendation list to approximate the QoS diversity preference of the active user. In this way, the probability of meeting the user's potential QoS preference requirements is improved. Comprehensive experimental results show that the proposed approach can not only provide personalized and diversified services but also ensure the overall accuracy of the recommendation results.
The effect of propolis extract as a valuable natural additive on the quality characteristics of toast bread
Authors: Hosseini Khabbazi Saba , Mansouripour Samar , Saremnezhad Solmaz
Published: June 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ethanolic propolis extract (EPE) as a natural antimicrobial and antioxidant agent on the physicochemical, microbial, and sensory characteristics of toast bread, as well as phenol content and antioxidant activity. In this regard, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5% of EPE were used in the bread doughs and the quality characteristics of the breads were assessed. The bread with 0.5% EPE showed the highest phenolic content (24.02 mgGAE/g.d.m) and antioxidant activity (59.03%). These amounts were 12.96 mgGAE/g and 16.45% higher than those of the control (without EPE), respectively (p < .05). The hardness, fracturability, and chewiness of the bread samples were influenced by the levels of EPE on the third and fifth days of storage. EPE decreased the L* and a* of bread samples, but an increasing trend was observed in the b*, chroma, and browning index by elevating the levels of propolis. Propolis extract showed an inhibitory effect on mold growth in samples. The bread with 0.5% of EPE had the lowest mold count after 5 days of storage which was not significant compared to the first day. There was no significant difference in sensory evaluation between the overall acceptance of bread samples. Therefore, EPE has the potential to be used as a natural additive with antimicrobial and antioxidant characteristics in toast bread.
Design and construction of Map Kabao Tunnel, longest rail tunnel in Thailand
Authors: Morya Phichet , Chansutham Tassawat , Phienwej Noppadol , Chanrungautai Sirisin , Inkoom Pratuang , Jongpradit Pornkasem
Published: June 2023

Map Kabao Tunnel is a significant part of the track doubling project for the railway line connecting Bangkok to Northeast Thailand. The 5.2 km‐long twin‐tube tunnel makes is the longest railway tunnel in Thailand. The conventional tunnelling method was used to excavate the tunnel through complex geological conditions consisting of thrusted and folded carbonate and clastic sedimentary rocks. While encountering a few incidents of tunnelling difficulties caused by the poor quality of the rock mass attributed to weathering, sheared discontinuities, and karst features, the construction of the tunnel was ultimately successful and was completed in 2023. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the lessons learned from the design and construction of this mountain rail tunnel project.