bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kreatif pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Kristen di masa pandemi melalui pemanfaatan discovery learning
Authors: Benyamin Priskila Issak , Tjalla Awaluddin , Suhendra Novia , Hardori Johni
Published: May 2022

During the Covid-19 pandemic, teachers in every school use online media such as using the ZOOM application, Google Meet, and Google Classroom to carry out the teaching and learning process. Pusaka Abadi Elementary School teachers, Teluk Gong, North Jakarta during the Covid 19 pandemic often used conventional models, but the results turned out to be less effective, this is because the online conventional model has many problems that students and teachers must face, namely: an unstable network. so that students can only hear little by little and in the end draw the wrong conclusions or become less than optimal, turn off the camera during teaching and learning so that it makes it difficult for teachers to monitor students whether the students are listening or while playing games or recreation as a result, making students' creative thinking skills decrease and results decreased student learning. The results of the research on the initial conditions showed that the material presented during the teaching and learning process in the school was about 50% of the children who caught the material. Then the researchers applied two cycles, namely cycle I and cycle II. The results of the first cycle by applying the discovery learning model showed the level of achievement increased to 85% from the initial conditions. Continued to apply cycle II and the results reached 100%. AbstrakMasa pandemi covid-19 mengharuskan guru-guru di setiap sekolah mengunakan media online seperti aplikasi Zoom Meeting, Google Meet dan Google Classrom untuk melakukan proses belajar mengajar. Perubahan media belajar dari ceramah ke tatap maya seharusnya diikuti dengan model belajar yang tepat.  Fakta sebaliknya terjadi di Sekolah Dasar Pusaka Abadi, Teluk Gong, Jakarta Utara. Proses belajar mengajar yang dilaksanakan masih mengunakan model belajar konvensional. Hal ini menyebabkan hasil belajar kurang efektif. Model belajar konvensional yang dilakukan dengan media online menimbulkan masalah yang harus siswa dan guru hadapi yaitu, jaringan yang kurang stabil sehingga siswa tidak dapat mendengarkan dengan baik sehingga ketika menarik kesimpulan, hasilnya kurang maksimal. Permasalahan ini menyebabkan daya berpikir kreatif siswa menurun. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian tindakan kelas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada kondisi awal materi yang di sampaikan pada saat proses belajar mengajar di dalam sekolah sekitar 50% anak yang menangkap materi. Kemudian peneliti menerapkan dua siklus yakni siklus I dan siklus II. Hasil siklus I dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran discovery learning menunjukkan tingkat ketercapaian meningkat menjadi 85% dari kondisi awal. Dilanjutkan menerapkan siklus II dan hasilnya mencapai 100%.
Mengembangkan moderasi beragama di kalangan generasi milenial melalui perspektif Perjanjian Baru
Authors: Tari Ezra
Published: May 2022

This writing is motivated by anxiety about interreligious conflicts that are still happening, driven by truth claims regarding the teachings of the holy book, assuming that their religion is the most correct. This is due to misunderstandings and differences of opinion. Exclusive attitudes and a lack of respect for the teachings of other religions still exist among religious people. The purpose of this paper is to provide insight to Christians regarding religious moderation from the perspective of the new covenant for the millennial generation so that Christians have a collective awareness of understanding their own religion. This view invites Christians to prioritize moderation. This paper aims to enlighten the thoughts of Christians, especially the millennial generation. The qualitative-descriptive method was used to analyze the various data obtained. Data analysis can be done through preparation and interpretation activities to draw conclusions. The results of the analysis provide solutions to the millennial generation as the driving force of religious moderation. The effort made is that this generation treats other people first. There are efforts to respect each other, not be exclusive and actively involved, and religious organizations and majority awareness to respect minorities.  AbstrakTulisan ini dilatarbelakangi pada keresahan terhadap konflik antaragama yang masih terjadi, didorong oleh klaim-klaim kebenaran mengenai ajaran kitab suci, menganggap agamanya yang paling benar. Hal ini disebabkan oleh kesalahpahaman dan perbedaan pandangan. Sikap Eksklusif dan kurang meng-hargai ajaran agama lain masih ada di antara umat beragama. Tujuan tulisan ini untuk memberikan wawasan kepada umat Kristiani mengenai moderasi beragama dalam perspektif perjanjian baru bagi generasi milenial, agar umat kristiani memiliki kesadaran kolektif dalam memahami agama sendiri. Pandangan tersebut mengajak orang Kristen lebih mengedepankan sikap moderat. Tulisan ini bertujuan mencerahkan pemikiran umat kristiani, pada khususnya generasi milenial. Metode kualitatif-deskriptif dipakai untuk menganalisis berbagai data yang didapatkan. Analisis data dapat dilakukan melalui kegiatan penyusunan dan penafsiran untuk menyusun kesimpulan. Hasil analisis memberikan solusi kepada generasi milenial sebagai motor penggerak moderasi beragama. Usaha yang dilakukan adalah generasi ini memperlakukan orang lain lebih dahulu diperlakukan. Ada upaya untuk saling menghargai satu sama lain, tidak bersifat eksklusif dan terlibat aktif dan organisasi keagamaan serta kesadaran mayoritas untuk menghargai minoritas.
Spiritualitas egaliter mengantisipasi eksklusivitas budaya di lingkungan gereja pada wilayah Sumba Timur: Refleksi teologis Filipi 2:1-8
Authors: Gultom Joni Manumpak Parulian , Pramini Pramini , Novalina Martina
Published: May 2022

The phenomenon of religious exclusivity does not only occur with other religions but in one religion. The phenomenon of religious exclusivity does not only occur between religious adherents but also between groups of people within the same religion. This phenomenon can be seen in the district of East Sumba, where there is still persecution of priests of different denominations, bullying related to the caste of the congregation, and pastors are higher than others, in local culture. This article provides an understanding of the spirituality of the church's egalitarianism in anticipating Sumba's socio-cultural institutions in placing equal values and rights of everyone in the eyes of God and others, according to Philippians 2:1-8. Research with a qualitative descriptive approach through a literature review found that churches in East Sumba Regency must be inclusive by opening themselves up to existing differences, not just doctrinal differences, but also ethnicity and caste egocentricity which must be minimized. The spirituality of the egalitarianism of the church is a divine value to continue to work on, through the existing local culture with the leaders of the people and the nobles (maramba), who sit together in divine leadership. Whole human development in the work of Christ's salvation is the focus of the church, with equal actions by leaders from any caste, open and providing equal opportunities for every believer in the local culture.  AbstrakFenomena eksklusivitas beragama bukan saja terjadi dengan agama lainnya tetapi dalam satu Fenomena eksklusivitas beragama bukan saja terjadi antarpemeluk agama, namun juga antarkelompok umat dalam satu agama. Fenomena ini dapat dilihat di daerah Kabupaten Sumba Timur, di mana masih terjadi persekusi terhadap pendeta yang berbeda denominasi, perundungan terkait kasta jemaat, bahwa pendeta lebih tinggi dari yang lain, dalam budaya lokal. Artikel ini memberikan pemahaman spiritualitas egalitarianisme gereja dalam mengantisipasi pranata sosial budaya Sumba dalam mendudukakn kesejajaran nilai dan hak setiap orang yang sama di mata Tuhan dan sesama, menurut Filipi 2:1-8. Penelitian dengan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif melalui kajian literatur menemukan bahwa gereja di Kabupaten Sumba Timur harus bersikap inklusif dengan membuka diri terhadap perbedaan yang ada, bukan sekadar perbedaan doktrin, tetapi juga egosentris sukuisme dan kasta yang harus diminimalisir. Spiritualitas egalitarianisme gereja menjadi nilai ilahi untuk terus dikerjakan, melalui budaya lokal yang ada dengan para pemimpin umat dan para bangsawan (maramba), yang duduk bersama dalam kepemimpinan Ilahi. Pembangunan manusia seutuhnya di dalam karya keselamatan Kristus menjadi fokus utama gereja, dengan tindakan kesetaraan para pemimpin dari kalangan kasta apa pun, terbuka dan memberi kesempatan yang sama untuk setiap orang percaya dalam lingkup budaya lokal.
Ucapan Yesus tentang “berbahagialah” dalam membangun spiritualitas moderasi beragama
Authors: Siagian Fereddy
Published: May 2022

Salah satu pola pengajaran Yesus yang paling populer adalah khotbah di bukit. Pemaknaan khotbah di bukit selama ini hanya dipandang pada tujuh ucapan bahagia, sementara ajaran Khotbah di Bukit sangat merefleksikan nilai-nilai moderasi dalam beragama. Artikel bertujuan untuk membangun sebuah konstruksi moderasi beragama dalam gereja dan komunitas iman melalui refleksi pengajaran Khotbah di Bukit.
Flexing in the lens of Christian education: Children's failure to stem the negative influence of the era of disruption or neglect of parents instilling early childhood character
Authors: Simatupang Ronny , Widiastuti Maria , Imeldawati Tiur
Published: May 2022

Flexing in the Lens of Christian Education: Children's Failure to Stem the Negative Influence of the Era of Disruption or Neglect of Parents Instilling Early Childhood Character?
Pharmaceutical Marketing: A Literature Review
Authors: Kalyani Rajput  , Dr. Rajesh Kumar Pandey
Published: May 2022

Marketing is the essence businesses and the business fraternity globally have accepted this norm of marketing the products effectively in order to achieve desired results. One of the premier and global Industry is Pharmaceutical Industry. It has a wide range of scope right from over the counter (OTC) products to life savings drugs to medical equipments. So much so that Medical Education at large includes a separate section as Pharmaceutical Education and this premium education experiences builds the base for Pharma Product manufacturing. Getting across these products to the Market requires essential skills and hence it signifies the efforts of Pharmaceutical Marketing. As against the Marketing of general product, Pharma Marketing involves further more essentialities as it belongs to the category of useful & needy products but not desired products as one never plans in general to buy a medicine or medical equipment unless prescribed or advised under medical care. This factor poses the massive challenge in the field of Pharmaceutical marketing.

The Review paper attempts to understand the essence & concept of Pharmaceutical Marketing. It further aims to massively review the existing literature on Pharmaceutical Marketing and present the inferences. This conceptual study is completed with the help of Secondary data. It encompasses the thoughts of authors & researchers who have contributed to the Pharmaceutical Marketing domain. The Review has been categorised into studies of Marketing Mix, Consumer Behaviour towards Pharma Products, Green Marketing approach and execution of Pharma Marketing. The Papers & literature reviewed have been selected on Author’s convenience & judgement, which may result in the limitation for study and the inferences presented may be indicative rather exhaustive.
PENERAPAN POSISI SEMI FOWLER TERHADAP KETIDAKEFEKTIFAN POLA NAFAS PADA PASIEN CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE (CHF)
Authors: mashruroh nurul
Published: May 2022

Latar Belakang :Congestive Heart Failure atau lebih sering dikenal dengan penyakit gagal jantung adalah penyakit sindrom klinis yang ditandai dengan sesak nafas saat istirahat atau saat aktivitas yang disebabkan oleh kelainan struktur atau fungsi jantung. Klien CHF dengan ketidakefektifan pola nafas perlu diberikan posisi semi fowler. Tujuan:diberikan posisi ini untuk menurunkan konsumsi oksigen dan meningkatkan ekspansi paru yang maksimal, sehingga ketidakefektifan pola nafas klien lebih optimal pada pasien CHF di RSUD Wates. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan menggunakan metode pendekatan studi kasus. Subjek dalam studi kasus ini adalah dua orang pasien yang terkena CHF dengan ketidakefektifan pola nafas. Intervensi semifowler position dilakukan dimana posisi kepala dan tubuh dinaikkan dengan 45°. Hasil:Penerapanposisi semi fowler (posisi duduk 45°) selama 3x24 jam sesuai dengan SOPmembantu mengurangi sesak nafas dan membantu mengoptimalkan RR padakliensehingga masalah ketidakefektifan pola nafas dapat teratasi.Kesimpulan:Intervensi pengaturan sudut posisi tidur secara bermakna dapat menghasilkan respirasi yang baik, sehingga bisa dipertimbangkan sebagai salah satu intervensi untuk mengoptimalkan ketidakefektifan polanafas
TUGAS METODOLOGI PENELITIAN ANALISIS JURNAL
Authors: Adetya Deva Auliya
Published: May 2022

TUGAS METODOLOGI PENELITIAN ANALISIS JURNAL
LITERATUR REVIEW: PENERAPAN TERAPI MUROTTAL AL-QUR’AN TERHADAP PENURUNAN INTENSITAS NYERI PADA KLIEN POST OPERASI
Authors: Dewi Indah Irnika
Published: May 2022

Latar Belakang : Tuberculosis (TB) merupakan suatu penyakit yang disebabkan oleh bakteriMycobacterium Tuberculosis masuk kedalam saluran pernafasan dan menyerang paru-paru sehinggapada bagian alveolus terdapat bintil-bintil atau peradangan pada dinding alveolus akan mengecil.Prevalensi TB paru berdasarkan diagnose dokter menurut provinsi 2013-2018 Indonesia menduduki0,4% dari seluruh jumlah populasi. Tujuan : untuk mengetahui penerapan batuk efektif dan fisioterapidada dalam mengurangi ketidakefektifan bersihan jalan nafas pada klien tuberculosis. Metode :penelitian yang digunakan dengan menganalisis artikel dan dilakukan penelusuran melalui googlescholar dengan menggunakan kata kunci “fisioterapi dada dan batuk efektif”, “fisioterapi dada dan batukefektif”+ “tuberculosis”, “penatalaksanaan batuk efektif dan fisioterapi dada”+ “tuberculosis”,“pengaruh batuk efektif dan fisioterapi dada”+ “tuberculosis”. Hasil : dari 5 jurnal didapatkan bahwaterjadi perubahan irama nafas, mampu mengeluarkan sekret, sesak nafas berkurang setelah dilakukanbatuk efektif dan fisioterapi dada. Kesimpulan : penerapan batuk efektif dan fisioterapi dada padapasien TB yang mengalami ketidakefektifan bersihan jalan nafas mampu mengurangi sesak nafas danmengeluarkan spuntum dan disarankan klien bisa untuk melakukan batuk efektif dan fisioterapi dadasecara mandiri.
Keseimbangan Pasar Uang dan Pasar Barang Dalam Ekonomi Makro Islam
Authors: Rasyid Andi Syahrul Ramadhan
Published: May 2022

Menurut teori yang dikemukakan oleh Keynes yang merupakan sebuah pengembangan teori klasik, menyatakan bahwa permintaan uang berdasarkan kepadamotif orang yang memegang uang. Teori klasik itu menyatakan bahwasannya pemengang uang merupakan sesuatu yang bertujuan untuk transaksi saja. Dalam ekonomi Islam, fungsi uang yang diakui hanya sebagai alat tukar, medium of exchange, unit of account. Uang itu sendiri tidak memberikan kegunaan/manfaat, akan tetapi fungsi uanglah yang memberikan kegunaan.
Kaitan Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia dengan Lingkungan
Authors: Ramadhona Syahri
Published: May 2022

Bahasa merupakan komponen penting untuk berkomunikasi. Dalam kegiatan sehari-hari, bahasa dijadikan sebagai sarana interaksi dengan lingkungan. Lingkungan dapat memengaruhi penggunaan bahasa seseorang. Dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia, lingkungan dapat memengaruhi kualitas belajar siswa. Lingkungan yang baik, akan menunjang keberhasilan belajar siswa. Guru sebagai tenaga pendidik memainkan peranan penting dalam kegiatan pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia dan mengaitkannya dengan lingkungan sekitar.
Metodologi Penelitian analisi jurnal Eka Aulia
Authors: Ramadhani Eka Aulia
Published: May 2022

Asma salah satu gangguan pada sistem pernapasan yang ditandai dengan sesak napas, batuk dan mengi. Salah satu penatalaksanaan yang bisa dilakukan pada pasien asma adalah dengan tindakan nonfarmakologis pursed lips breathing. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh pursed lips breathing dalam terhadap peningkatan Arus Puncak Ekspirasi (APE) pada pasien asma. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode quasi experiment pretest-posttest with control group. Jumlah subyek penelitian 20 orang yang dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok yaitu 10 kelompok intervensi dan 10 kelompok kontrol. Pengukuran APE menggunakan philips respironics peak flow meter. Data dianalisis dengan uji Mann-Whitney. Hasil penelitian terdapat peningkatan APE pasien asma. Diharapkan perawat mengaplikasikan pursed lips breathing sebagai intervensi keperawatan mandiri pasien asma. Peneliti selanjutnya dapat melakukan penelitian terkait pursed lips breathing pada pasien asma.
MENGURAI NILAI-NILAI MORAL DALAM SATUA SEBAGAI MEDIA PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DI ERA GLOBAL
Authors: Wiguna I Made Arsa
Published: May 2022

Abstrak Satua merupakan bagian tak terpisahkan dari tradisi sastra lisan yanghidup dan berkembang di Bali. Keberadaanya mengalami dinamika seiringperkembangan jaman. Satua dalam konteksnya terdahulu merupakan media bagiorangtua untuk menidurkan anak, namun di era global ini keberadaan satua sangatdirindukan tidak hanya untuk tujuan sebelumnya, lebih daripada itu sebagai mediauntuk menanamkan pendidikan karakter pada anak termasuk nilai-nilai moralyang terkandung di dalamnya. Satua tidak hanya mengandung nilai hiburan, adapula nilai-nilai moral, agama,dan kebudayaan yang ditampilkan secara implisitbaik melalui kisah dengan tokoh binatang maupun manusia. Sedemikianberharganya satua tersebut hingga sangat disayangkan jika satua tidakdimanfaatkan dengan baik sebagai media pendidikan karakter. Nilai tentangperbuatan baik dan buruk serta pahalanya menjadi topik sebagian besar satuasatuaBali. Nilai moral inilah yang dapat dijadikan teladan umat manusia untukmewujudkan karakter yang baik. Kata-kata kunci: Nilai-nilai Moral, Satua, Media Pendidikan Karakter, EraGlobal.
Tugas metodologis penelitian Nur hidayat
Authors: Apriyono Nur Hidayat
Published: May 2022

Latar belakang: Kebutuhan dasar pasien meliputi kebutuhan fisik, psikologis, sosial dan spiritual. Kebutuhan spiritual diberikan kepada pasien di ruang ICU melalui layanan perawatan spiritual. Perawatan spiritual merupakan suatu praktik dan prosedur yang dilakukan oleh perawat pada pasien untuk memenuhi kebutuhan spiritual pasien melalui doa, shalat, dzikir etc. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali persepsi perawat tentang kebutuhan spiritual pasien. Metode: Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan eksplorasi deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil: Analisa data kualitatif menggunakan NVivo Plus Dua Belas menghasilkan tema kebutuhan spiritual pasien yang terdiri dari dua kategori yaitu pemberian dan pemenuhan. Kesimpulan: Kebutuhan spiritual merupakan kebutuhan dasar yang dibutuhkan oleh pasien di ruang ICU.
TUGAS METODOLOGI PENELITIAN Woro Haryanti
Authors: HARYANTI WORO
Published: May 2022

Latar Belakang : Appendicitis adalah suatu kondisi di mana terjadi infeksi diumbai cacing. Dalamkasus ringan dapat sembuh tanpa perawatan, tetapi banyak kasus memerlukan laparotomi dengan menyingkirkan umbai cacing yang terinfeksi (Kowalak, 2011). Tujuan : untuk mengetahui pengaruh relaksasi nafas untuk mengatasi masalah keperawatan nyeri akut pada klien appendicitis. Metode :Desain penelitian ini adalah deskriptif, dalam bentuk studi kasus. Subyek dalam penelitian ini adalah dua orang klien yang mengalami appendicitis. Penelitian dilakukan pada Februari– Maret 2019. Hasil :Sebelum dilakukan tindakan relaksasi nafas dalam skala nyeri 6 dan 5, setelah dilakukan tindakan skala nyeri menjadi 3 dan 2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya penurunan skala nyeri sedang menjadi skala nyeri ringan. Kesimpulan : Teknik relaksasi nafas dapat menurunkan intensitas nyeri pada pasien appendicitis sehingga teknik nonfarmakologis ini sangat direkomendasikan.
Pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui pengelolaan wakaf produktif
Authors: Astuti Hepy Kusuma
Published: May 2022

Optimalisasi dalam pengelolaan Iembaga-lembaga ekonomi islam terutama wakaf di Indonesia harus segera dilakukan, sehingga peningkatan perekonomian umat dapat segera terwujud sebagaimana yang diharapkan, benda-benda wakaf yang tidak jelas status hukumnya dan tidak terurus secara baik perlu diatasi agar produktif dan bermanfaat. Apabila wakaf dikembangkan secara benar, maka akan memiliki nilai yang sangat strategis untuk meningkatkan perekonomian ummat dan lambat dan akan mengurangi kesenjangan antara kaum aghnia'dan kaum diu'afa . Manajemen pengelolaan wakaf menempati posisi teratas dan paling urgen dalam mengelola harta wakaf. Karena wakaf itu bermanfaat atau tidak, berkembang atau tidak tergantung pada pola pengelolaan. wakaf memiliki manfaat yang sangat besar terhadap masyarakat dalam membantu orang lain yang mendapatkan kesulitan, mencegah perselisihan dalam masyarakat, mendorong pembangunan di semua bidang ilmu, membantu masyarakat untuk mendapatkan kehidupan dan sarana yang lebih baik. Model-model yang dapat menggelola wakaf produktif yang efektif seperti model Pengelolaan Wakaf fix asset yang optimal untuk mensejahterakan rakyat dan model pengelolaan wakaf tunai yang optimal untuk mensejahterakan rakyat.
Reliability Of The Serial Reaction Time Task: If At First You Don't Succeed, Try Try Try Again
Authors: Oliveira Catia Margarida , Hayiou-Thomas Marianna E. , Henderson Lisa
Published: May 2022

Procedural memory is involved in the acquisition and control of skills and habits that underlie rule and procedural learning, including the acquisition of grammar and phonology. The Serial Reaction Time task (SRTT), commonly used to assess procedural learning, has been shown to have poor stability (test-retest reliability). We investigated factors that may affect the stability of the SRTT in adults. Experiment 1 examined whether the similarity of sequences learned in two sessions would impact stability: test-retest correlations were low regardless of sequence similarity (r < .25). Experiment 2 added a third session to examine whether individual differences in learning would stabilise with further training. There was a small (but nonsignificant) improvement in stability for later sessions (session 1-2: r = .43; session 2-3: r = .60). Stability of procedural learning on the SRTT remained suboptimal in all conditions, posing a serious obstacle to the use of this task as a sensitive predictor of individual differences and ultimately theoretical advance.
A Pre-Implementation Enhancement Strategy to Increase the Yield of Training and Consultation for School-Based Behavioral Preventive Practices: A Triple-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Zhang Yanchen , Cook Clayton , Azad Gazi F. , Larson Madeline , Merle James L. , Thayer Andrew Jordan , Pauls Alex , Lyon Aaron R.
Published: May 2022

Background: As the most common setting where youth access behavioral healthcare, the education sector frequently employs training and follow-up consultation as cornerstone implementation strategies to promote the implementation of evidence-based practices (EBPs). However, these strategies alone are not sufficient to promote desired implementation (e.g., intervention fidelity) and youth behavioral outcomes (e.g., mitigated externalizing behaviors). Theory-informed pragmatic pre-implementation enhancement strategies (PIES) are needed to prevent lackluster outcomes of training and consultation. Specifically, social-cognitive theory explicates principles that inform the design of PIES content and specify mechanisms of behavior change (e.g., "intentions to implement"; ITI) to target to increase providers' responsiveness to training and consultation. Methods: This triple-blind parallel randomized controlled trial preliminarily examined the efficacy of a pragmatic PIES based on social-cognitive theories (SC-PIES) to improve implementation and youth behavioral outcomes from universal preventive EBPs in the education sector. Teachers from a diverse urban district were recruited and randomly assigned to the treatment (SC-PIES; n treatment = 22) or active control condition (administrative meeting; n control = 21). Based on the condition assigned, teachers received the SC-PIES (or met with administrators) before EBP training. We assessed teachers' ITI, intervention fidelity, and youth behavioral outcome (academic engagement as an incompatible behavior to externalizing disorders) at baseline, immediately after training, and six weeks afterward. Results: A series of ANCOVAs detected sizeable effects of SC-PIES, where teachers who received SC-PIES demonstrated significantly larger improvement in their ITI, intervention fidelity, and youth behaviors as compared to the control. Conditional analyses indicated that teachers’ ITI partially mediated the effect of SC-PIES on intervention fidelity, which in turn led to improved youth behaviors. Conclusions: Findings suggest that theory-informed pragmatic PIES targeting providers' ITI can boost their responsiveness to implementation strategies, as reflected in improved implementation behaviors and youth behavioral outcomes. The results have implications for targeting motivational mechanisms of behavior change and situating preventive implementation strategies at the intersection between preparation and active implementation stages of an implementation process. Limitations and implications for research and practice are discussed and extended to general youth behavioral health settings. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT05240222. Registered on: 2/14/2022. Retrospectively registered. https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT05240222
Resource Use Efficiency (RUE) in Lentil Production in Terai and Inner Terai Regions of Nepal
Authors: Gautam Damodar , Dhakal Shiva Chandra , Kattel Rishi Ram , Khanal Narayan Prasad
Published: May 2022

A study was carried out to estimate and analyze the profitability and resource use efficiency of lentil grain and seed production in Nepal's terai and inner terai regions. Using a pre-tested questionnaire, primary data and information were collected from 300 lentil grain producing farmers, categorized by local seed users, improved seed users, and 100 seed producing farmers in Kailali, Dang, and Siraha districts. The study revealed that the B:C ratio in lentil seed production was higher (1.59) than in lentil grain production (1.41). The benefit in both grain and seed production realized by farmers was mainly due to increased prices rather than production. Return to scale was found to be increasing (1.016) in lentil grain production using local seed, but it was decreasing at a rate in lentil grain production using improved seed (0.854) and in lentil seed production (0.822). Analysis on resource use efficiency revealed that labor input is excessively overused, reflecting the Marginal Value Product of less than unity in lentil production. To get the maximum profit from lentil grain production using improved seed, input use in land preparation, threshing, and post-harvest should be increased while decreasing the amount of other inputs.
Multi-year Prediction of Rice Yield under the Changing Climatic Scenarios in Nepal Central Terai Using DSSAT Crop Model
Authors: Amgain Lal Prasad , Adhikari Sailesh , Pandit Samiksha
Published: May 2022

NASA-POWER derived weather data of Dumkauli in Nawalparasi (27.68˚ N, 84.13˚E) district in the Nepal central Terai for the past 33-years (1984/85-2017/18) were purposively downloaded and validated with recorded weather data of Department of Hydrology and Meteorology (DHM). The trend analysis for grain yield of rice in Nawalparasi was drawn with the historical data of the maximum and minimum temperatures and rainfall. Positive correlations between grain yields and minimum temperature and rainfall each showed an acceptable coefficient of determination (R2). The CSM-CERES-Rice embedded in DSSAT ver 4.7 was used for multi-year prediction of rice yield using both historically recorded and simulated climatic scenarios. The model simulated results closely agreed with the observed rice yield recorded by the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Development (MoALD) in Nepal. The correlation between precipitation and observed rice yield was 0.71 and the correlation between precipitation and observed and DSSAT simulated yield was 0.379. The multi-year predicted rice yield using historical weather data and the DSSAT rice model showed that rice yield could be sustained with the use of the current crop cultivars only for the upcoming few years. The climate index, mainly the rainfall index, was found to be more sensitive to rice production in the Nepal central Terai region. This study suggests for the development of new climate change ready rice cultivars to feed the increasingly growing Nepalese population.
Spray Forming Composite Combustion Chamber Structures
Authors: Vlcek J. , Huber H. , Kretschmer J. , Schenkel T. , Voggenreiter H.
Published: May 2022

Atmospheric Rheo-Spraying (ARS) using the HVOF process enables injection-molded structures and thick-film coatings from steels and from high-temperature Ni-based alloys with layer thicknesses down to the centimeter. The ARS process control is based on the thermal spraying of particles in the solid state at a maximum average speed of more than 600 m/s. The coating consolidation to porosity values below 1% occurs through the particle impact with high kinetic energy. Because of the low particle oxidation, the mechanical properties of the heat-treated injection-molded structures are comparable to those of forged alloys. In this paper, ARS injection molding is successfully implemented in combination with an innovative manufacturing technique in rocket engine technology to produce a model composite combustion chamber with a thermally sprayed internal pressure jacket. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Evaluation of Molybdenum-Based Silicides in a Combustion and Endothermic Environment
Authors: Castro R. G. , Vaidya R. U. , Ayala A. , Bartram B. D. , Gallegos D. E. , Kurek H. S.
Published: May 2022

This paper investigates the stability of molybdenum base silicides, which are located in combustion chambers and in an endothermic environment, for use in radiant tubes for heat treatment. The subject matter was plasma-sprayed molybdenum disilicide, pentamolybdenum trisilicide, hot-pressed molybdenum disilicide, and molybdenum disilicide composites containing SiC and silicon nitride reinforcements. Results of the investigation show that the oxidation resistance of plasma sprayed molybdenum disilicide can be detrimentally effected due to the silicon loss that occurs during the high temperature plasma spray process. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Vakuumplasmaspritzen hartmagnetischer Schichten auf Nd-Fe-B-Basis (Vacuum Plasma Spraying of Hard Magnetic Coatings Based on Neodymium-Iron-Boron)
Authors: Bach Fr.-W. , Duda T. , Unterberg W. , Rieger G. , Wecker J. , Rodewald W. , Sattler W.
Published: May 2022

Coatings with magnetic properties were produced by vaccum plasma spraying of different Nd-Fe-B powders onto stainless¬steel substrates. Microscopic examination of the coatings in a light microscope revealed a low porosity and a good bonding to the substrate. Scanning electron microscope examinations have shown different phases in these coatings. The magnetic properties of the coatings are also presented. Paper text in German.
Corrosion and Wear Resistance of WC Based Coatings with High Alloy Binders
Authors: Berget J. , Rogne T. , Solem T.
Published: May 2022

This paper examines WC based coatings with high-alloy binders with regard to their structure, corrosion behavior and wear. The coatings are compared to conventional coatings with respect to corrosion and wear. The coatings were made using HVOF spraying of various powders. All powders examined were produced by agglomeration/sintering, that is by agglomeration of metal particles with WC particles and subsequent sintering. Some powders have been made using pre-alloyed metal particles. The paper also examines a mixture of ceramic-metallic powder and purely metallic powder. Various methods are used to characterize the powders and coatings. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Untersuchungen zum Mineralgleitverschleiß von thermisch gespritzten Hartstoffschichten (Survey of Sliding Wear of Thermally Sprayed Hard-Coatings with Minerals)
Authors: Köhler A. , Adam D. , Männel P. , Stehr G.
Published: May 2022

A promising technique to increase the portions of hard metal and hence the wear resistance of components is the coating with more wear-resistant hard metals by thermal spraying. The development of suitable coatings includes the selection of substrates, preliminary treatment of substrates, selection of powders, spraying techniques, spraying parameters, coating and quality characterisation. Examined were variants of high velocity oxy-fuel flame spraying CDS (Continuous-Detonatio-Spraying), DJH (Diamond-Jet-Hybrid 2700) and the wear resistance with 3-body-wear. The results confirm that substrates coated by DJH hard metal (e.g. with WC 86 Co10 Cr4) in comparisation with uncoated substrates (16MnCr5, case-hardened, hardness 65 HRC) have a specific wear by 3-body-wear-test which is many times lower then without coating. Paper text in German.
Thermal Spray Deposition of Metallic and Ceramic Coating on Aluminium and Titanium Alloys using the PROTAL Process
Authors: Folio F. , Barbezat G. , Coddet C. , Montavon G. , Costil S. , Fréneaux O.
Published: May 2022

Surface preparation prior to thermal spraying is a key step in ensuring a good adhesion of the coating onto the part to be coated. This article discusses the effects of laser treatment conditions on the substrate topography and coating adhesion. It investigates the properties of various types of coating applied to aluminum and titanium substrates using the PROTAL process. The paper compares the results obtained from coating of substrates directly in the "machined" state with those of a classical process (degreasing and subsequent sandblasting using aluminum oxide before coating). The results show that the PROTAL process offers the potential to avoid degreasing and steel shot blasting in numerous coating systems even with critical material combinations. In addition, the economic aspects of the process are discussed. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Improvement of Coating Characteristics and End-Use Performance of Thermal Sprayed Coatings Through Posttreatments Like Hardening, Nitriding or Carburizing
Authors: Nestler M.C. , Spies H.-J. , Herrmann K.
Published: May 2022

This paper contributes to the broadening of knowledge about process combinations in connection with thermally sprayed coatings. It describes the influence of a later annealing, nitriding, and carburizing on different thermal sprayed coatings. The connection between the processes is determined and optimal process parameters is adjusted for both processes. The paper analyzes the coating characteristics and the alterations of the substrate. The results of the metallographic and X-ray analysis as well as of the wear and corrosion tests are discussed. Prospects for possible further applications are given. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Nitriding of Titanium Plate and Atmospheric Plasma Sprayed Titanium Coating using Nitrogen Plasma Jets Under a Low Pressure Environment
Authors: Andoh Y. , Tobe S. , Tahara H. , Yoshikawa T.
Published: May 2022

In this paper, as a basic study of the plasma jet process under a low pressure, the nitriding of titanium plates and atmospheric plasma sprayed titanium coatings are carried out using nitrogen and hydrogen added nitrogen plasma jets at 30Pa. The plasma torch used in this paper is equipped with a supersonic expansion nozzle to improve the acceleration efficiency of plasma jets. The effects of ambient pressures and supersonic expansion nozzles on transformation of plasma particles are examined from gas-dynamical viewpoints. It was observed that from the results, the supersonic plasma jet process under a low pressure was proved to have a high potential for nitriding. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Control of Jet Convergence in Wire Arc Spray Systems
Authors: Hussary N. , Schein J. , Heberlein J.
Published: May 2022

This paper aims to achieve improved control over the spray pattern in a wire arc torch by means of constructive measures to influence the flow dynamics. It focuses on evaluating different fluid dynamic designs of the spray torches with respect to the droplet trajectories and velocity distributions and the deposit distribution. First, the paper describes the approaches for novel nozzle designs including the addition of shrouds and the torch evaluation diagnostics, and then presents the results for four different nozzle arrangements. It is observed that the nozzle design and the placement of the wire tips within the nozzle have the greatest effect on the divergence of the spray pattern. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Thermisch gespritzte Schichtdicken-Normale für eine Kalibrierstelle – Anforderungen und Realisierung (Thermally Sprayed Layer Thickness Standards for Calibration - Requirements and Implementation)
Authors: Bürki H.R. , Siegmann S.
Published: May 2022

For quality control in the coating sector, coat thicknesses are measured either destructively or non-destructively. Many European and internationally applicable testing possibilities are available for this purpose, e.g. [1-13]. One common feature in all the procedures is the retraceability of the length or length differences measured using various methods to national or international units. In the range of the thin coats (< 10 µm), various coat standards exist today according to which, for example, device manufacturers or users can adjust their measuring devices. However, there are no such certifiable standards for the thick-coat range. The objective of this project was to manufacture standard coat thicknesses of approx. 50 - 1,000 µm using vacuum plasma spraying consisting of non-conductive, non-magnetic coats with the highest possible precision with regard to coat ho¬mogeneity and final-contour fabrication and then to certify them. This article describes the requirements concerning the material selection, spraying process and subsequent machining. Paper text in German.
Tensile Testing of HVOF-Sprayed Coatings
Authors: Varis T. , Korpiola K. , Jokinen P. , Auerkari P.
Published: May 2022

In this paper, the Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, and ultimate tensile strength of HVOF-sprayed NiCr (80/20) coating are evaluated by a uniaxial tensile test parallel to the coating plane. The effect of stand off distance is also considered. It is observed that, in the tensile test, the alloy NiCr (80/20) showed moduli of elasticity between 130 and 155 GPa and tensile strengths between 185 and 210 MPa. For the WC-CoCr alloy, the modulus of elasticity was between 185 and 210 MPa and the tensile strength was around 80 MPa. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Safe Working Practices with Thermal Spray Gases
Authors: Creffield G. , Cole M.
Published: May 2022

This paper informs about the potential dangers associated with the gases used in thermal spraying. These include fuel gases, oxygen, inert gases, and carbon dioxide. The paper addresses the following: flammability, explosion, oxygen enrichment and tolerance, asphyxiation, and low-temperature technology. It presents regulations and leaflets relating to the safe storage, handling, and use of gases with various supply options. Safe working techniques are recommended along with a brief description of the relevant safety equipment. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Möglichkeiten zur Verbesserung der Verschleißeigenschaften von Aluminium-Legierungen durch Plasma-Pulver-Schweißverfahren (Possibilities for Improving Wear-Properties of Aluminium-Alloys by Plasma Powder Welding Process)
Authors: Lugscheider E. , Langer G. , Schlimbach K. , Dilthey U. , Kabatnik L.
Published: May 2022

Aluminium alloys are extensively used materials which can be found in all kinds of industrial applications. They have distinctive advantages such as a high strength/weight ratio, an excellent workability and a good corrosion behaviour. However, aluminium alloys have wear resistance properties which limitate further use of these alloys. Plasma transferred arc surfacing (PTA) using the DCCP-technology (Direct Current Combined Polarity) was used for enhancing wear properties of different aluminium alloys (AlMgSi0.5, AlSi12) by the formation of an alloyed layer with added ceramics. Hardness of the base material could be increased by more than two times while the wear resistance of the modified aluminium alloy was about ten times higher compared to the base material. Paper text in German.
Rollennaht-Auftragschweißen – eine Alternative zum thermischen Spritzen hochbeanspruchter Oberflächen (Resistance Roller Seam Deposition Welding – An Alternative for Thermal Spraying of High Strained Surfaces)
Authors: Sitte G. , Keitel S.
Published: May 2022

Resistance seam surfacing is an economic alternative for thermal spraying especially for high abrasion wear on surfaces of simple geometry. First tests have shown that this process can also be used for producing wear protection layers on aluminium surfaces. The advantages of this process are very low energy costs, no danger for health, no loss of powder, a relatively low process temperature and a good quality of the layer. Paper text in German.
Fatigue Life of HVOF Tungsten Carbide Coated Aluminum and Hard Anodized Aluminum in Cyclic Bending and the Influence of Coating Residual Stresses
Authors: Wilson J.M. , Kim J. , Shadley J.R. , Rybicki E.F. , Emery W.A. , Somerville D.A. , Nuse J.D. , McGrann R.T.R. , Greving D.J.
Published: May 2022

One candidate alternative to chrome plating and hard anodizing is a tungsten carbide (WC) coating applied by the High Velocity Oxy-Fuel (HVOF) process. HVOF WC coatings are currently being evaluated in many service life tests, including fatigue. The purpose of this paper is to compare the fatigue life of HVOF WC coated specimens with the fatigue life of hard anodized and bare aluminum specimens. This work examines WC thermal spray coatings as candidates for replacement of hard chrome plating and hard anodizing in aircraft and helicopter applications such as landing gear. In fatigue testing, the results showed an expected fatigue deficit for hard anodizing as compared to bare aluminum. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Simulation of the Thermal Spray Process and Off-Line Programming
Authors: Bonnet R. , Bolot R. , Coddet C.
Published: May 2022

Thermal spraying is an efficient process for producing surface coatings that have improved corrosion and wear properties. In modern injection processes, robots are used, which enable higher productivity and piece quality. However, there are some difficulties with robot programming when the part geometry becomes very complex. In order to improve the robot programming procedure and accordingly increase the quality and economy of the process, a research program was set up in which the thermal spray process was simulated. The off-line simulation of the trajectories of the spray guns, the thickness distribution of the layer and the temperature distribution on the substrate were included. This paper presents the simulation procedure. It also presents some examples with numerical results that showed an improvement in the coating procedure. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Plasma Spraying of Silicates II
Authors: Neufuss K. , Ilavsky J. , Dubsky J. , Kolman B. , Chraska P.
Published: May 2022

Silicates represent a broad group of industrially important ceramic materials. The only silicate that is widely used for plasma spraying is zirconium silicate. Other silicates are generally not used, although they can offer interesting application properties. This paper presents results with other silicates: synthetic wollastonite, stoichiometric mullite, cordierite, and steatite. The input materials were produced in selected sizes from ceramic in industrial quality and applied with the water-stabilized plasma spray system PAL160 to form free-standing panels. The morphology of the microstructure, the thermal expansion, the bulk and filling densities, the open and closed porosity, the phase, and the chemical changes were evaluated. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Residual Stresses and Young’s Modulus of Alumina and Chromia Plasma Sprayed Deposits
Authors: Dubský J. , Kolman B. , Vyšohlíd M.
Published: May 2022

This paper aims to measure the residual stresses of plasma sprayed oxide ceramic deposits using the X-ray diffraction method and measure the Young’s Modulus in specially designed four-point bend test device. Aluminum oxide and chromium oxide coatings are made with a water stabilized plasma spray gun. The paper analyzes the microstructure and the phase composition. The X-ray diffraction method is used to determine residual stresses on the layer surfaces. The same method is used for the local measurement of surface tensions in a four-point bending device built into an X-ray diffractometer. This device also enables the force applied and the specimen deflection to be measured. Effective modules of elasticity are determined from the gradient from load to deflection during bending. The results of the tension measurements and the values calculated from the applied force are compared. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Thermisch gespritzte Schichten auf der Magnesiumlegierung AZ 91 zur Verbesserung der Korrosions- und Verschleißeigenschaften (Thermal Sprayed Coatings on the Magnesium Alloy AZ 91 for Improvement of Corrosion and Wear Resistance)
Authors: Weisheit A. , Lenz U. , Mordike B.L.
Published: May 2022

This paper reviews the results of thermal spraying on the magnesium alloy AZ 91. By plasma, arc and HVOF spraying various metal based alloys were used as coating materials. The layers were investigated with regard to microstructure, bonding and corrosion resistance. Paper text in German.
Nanostructured Hydroxyapatite Powders and Coatings
Authors: Shmyreva T. , Popov E. , Papyrin A. , Smith E.
Published: May 2022

In this paper, three goals are attacked, namely synthesis of nanostructured hydroxyapatite (HA) powder, obtaining HA phase constitution close to that of the bone hydroxyapatite, and preserving the initial HA composition and crystal structure in the sprayed coating. HA-aluminum composite coatings are produced using the cold gas dynamic spray method (CGDS). It is observed that the CGDS process enables the application of coatings without changing the phase composition of the HA, whereby the HA biocompatibility is retained. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Residual Stresses in HVOF-Sprayed Cr3C2/NiCr-Coatings
Authors: Han J.-J. , Knight R. , Schadler L.S.
Published: May 2022

In this paper, the residual stresses in high velocity oxy-fuel-sprayed chromium carbide/nickel-chromium coatings are measured using a bending technique "Almen" type measured. The influence of the most important spray parameters (including total gas flow rate, fuel-oxygen ratio, spray distance, thermal effects of the process, and particle speed) on the generation of internal stresses is examined. The influences of the process factors and material properties are studied, for example the "hammering" of the coating by impacting particles and the lack of conformity of the coefficient of thermal expansion of the coating/substrate. The results show that all residual stresses were caused by pressure and were very sensitive to the thermal effects of the process. Paper includes a German-language abstract.