bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Military Accessories from the “Tursko Castle” Near Połaniec, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. A Contribution to Research on Mongolian and Mongolian-Ruthenian Raids on the Sandomierz Lands in the 13th Century
Authors: Florek Marek
Published: December 2024

The so-called Tursko Castle near Połaniec is the remnants of earth fortifications from the 17th century erected around an evangelical church. At the end of the 19th century it began to be associated with the Battle of Tursko, which took place during the first Mongolian raid in 1241. It was believed to be remains of a castle or stronghold located near the site of the battle, or the remnants of a Mongolian camp. At that time, no one knew where the clash had taken place. During a search for artefacts conducted within the perimeter of the castle in 2022–2023, a series of medieval military accessories were discovered. They included 12 tanged arrowheads and a fragment of a mace head. These artefacts should be associated with thirteenth-century Mongolian and Mongolian-Ruthenian raids on the Sandomierz lands.
Problems of the Continuation of Medieval Manufacturing Traditions in Modern Shoemaking Based on Archaeological Finds in Szczecin
Authors: Kowalska Anna B.
Published: December 2024

Research into modern leather footwear has only recently become a part of archaeology. In the case of Szczecin, a town on the Baltic coast in Western Pomerania, no comprehensive study on these types of finds has yet been compiled. This article discusses footwear dating to the period between the 16th and 19th centuries which has been uncovered duringarchaeological excavations in the Old Town in Szczecin, the issue of continuation of medieval shoemaking traditions as well as the issues of the methodology of studies and nomenclature used in Polish literature on the subject.
Economization of Self: Constructing a Female Neoliberal Subject in Eílís Ní Dhuibhne’s Fox, Swallow, Scarecrow
Authors: Radmilo Derado Sanja
Published: December 2024

The paper focuses on the interdisciplinary textual analysis of Eílís Ní Dhuibhne’s Fox, Swallow, Scarecrow which addresses the complex human condition under the absolute reign of capitalism in the context of the Irish transition toward a neoliberal state. By relying on new economic criticism, the paper argues that this novel represents some of the silenced and, at the same time, most destructive aspects of the Irish iteration of neoliberal capitalism and its predominantly fictional character in the 21st century. By zooming in on the protagonists’ constant search for self-actualization amid the Irish economic and real-estate boom, the narrative reveals the confusion and desire inherent in the neoliberal state of mind which thrives on constant striving for materialistic self-fulfilment. Although the neoliberal paradigm introduced into the Irish public discourse the belief that women are finally in a position to realize themselves as active subjects and to enjoy benefits they had been denied in the past, this process is presented here as incomplete. Namely, the paper shows that at the height of Irish economic prosperity, within the short-lived and superficial social idyll, the characters live in a new form of capitalist colonialism in which they still encounter strong, albeit radically shaken social taboos such as class differences, poverty, extramarital affairs and women’s financial dependency in a marriage. The paper argues that the female neoliberal subject ultimately fails to adhere to the neoliberal paradigm on her journey toward self-assertion. She creates her own counter-space through her attempts to balance her intimate desires with the expectations placed on her as a wife and a mother. Threatened by unforgiving societal pressures, constructed counter-space critiques the neoliberal expectations of self-empowerment, but also challenges the patriarchal structures and traditional roles still imposed on women in modern Ireland.
The politics of fear in Yussef El Guindi’s Back of the throat
Authors: Kirin Ivana
Published: December 2024

The events of September 11 and the ensuing ‘war on terror’ saw the rise of private and structural Islamophobia in the USA. Centuries-old essentialist myths and stereotypes have been used to perpetuate the image of Muslims and Arabs as the antithesis to the West, most often as could-be terrorists—a danger to both individual and national identity, values and even life itself. As Svendsen (2008), Furedi (2018), Ahmed (2014) and Bauman (2006) argue, whoever controls fear, controls the society. This paper examines the cultural and discursive strategies of disciplining through the reproduction of fear and safety narratives in Yussef El Guindi’s play Back of the Throat. It analyses the reciprocal effects culturally constructed fear has on both its subjects and objects. Finally, it describes the lived experiences of Arab/Muslim Americans in the aftermath of 9/11, in the climate of prejudice-driven fear that undermines their individual freedoms and civil rights.
Determining the stability of roll-back stretches in steep layers when unloading a coal rock massif
Authors: Chepiga Daria , Podkopaiev Serhii , Shashenko Oleksandr , Skobenko Oleksandr , Demchenko Oleksandr , Podkopayev Yevgen , Fedorchuk-Moroz Valentyna , Matsuk Zakhar , Shymchuk Oleksandr
Published: December 2024

The object of this study is the condition of side rocks in a coal rock massif with preparatory workings. The task solved was to ensure the stability of preparatory workings to improve the safety of miners' activities.
The bearing capacity of protective structures in the preparatory mining workings along the length of the excavation section in a coal mine was comparatively assessed.
The operational condition of the roll-back stretch, when using a protective technique that involves coal pillars, is provided for at their relative deformation e<0.25 and relative volume change dV<0.1. At a distance of l>50 m behind the cleaning pit, at e³0.6–0.8, there is a decrease in the load-bearing capacity of coal pillars and the destruction of the roof. The loss of cross-sectional area of the roll-back stretch is 50 %. Under such conditions, the level of a roof collapse threat is approaching a critical state. When using rolling bundles made of wooden sleepers at e>0.21 and dV>0.16, conditions are created around the preparatory workings at which the integrity of the roof is ensured through the gradual sealing of protective structures. At a distance l>60 m, the increase in lateral rock displacements reaches the minimum values DU=10 mm, and the loss of the cross-sectional area of the roll-back stretch is 30 %.
The kind of functional dependence between the length l (m) of the roll-back stretch with different protection techniques and the relative change in the volume dV of protective structures was experimentally determined. Such a dependence makes it possible to assess the bearing capacity of protective structures along the length of the excavation area in the zone of active influence of mountain pressure behind the cleaning pit.
The operational condition of roll-back stretches when using coal pillars is ensured within the limits of their deformation resource, which limits the use of this protection technique. To ensure the stability of preparatory workings, it is advisable to use rolled bundles made of wooden sleepers. After their compaction, the movement of side rocks is limited in the worked-out space of the excavation site
Improving the soil bin for studying rotary tools taking into account the kinematic features of interaction with the soil
Authors: Vetokhin Volodymyr , Popov Stanislav , Ryzhkova Tetiana , Negrebetskyi Igor , Leshchenko Serhii , Amosov Volodymyr , Machok Yurii , Petrenko Dmytro
Published: December 2024

The object of this study is experimental equipment in the form of a soil bin intended for scientific and educational investigation of rotary tools.
The task solved was to clarify the specificity of rotary tools operation and to design a small-sized soil bin taking into account this specificity. The data collected during experimental research and theoretical analysis confirmed the determining influence of the kinematic parameter on the indicators of interaction between the rotary tool and soil.
As a result of the research, a concept was proposed and a soil mini channel was designed, which makes it possible to investigate the process mechanics and to perform graphic modeling.
The result relates to the fact that the mediator of motion transmission during the experiments was a ground trough, and the drive belt is rearranged in engagement with pulleys of different diameters. This provides a different ratio of linear movement of the trough and rotation of the working body.
The peculiarity of the design is the combination of variable movable troughs and graphic screens with a stationary position of the rotor. The design provides simplicity and visibility of the assignment of different values of the kinematic parameter.
A special feature is the modularity of the structure. This makes it possible to conduct research with variable troughs with different soil composition and immediately acquire a graphic interpretation of the kinematic mode on the screen. This implementation of the soil mini bin simplifies the observation and recording of the result of interaction between the rotor and model environment.
The field of practical use is scientific research in the area of agricultural engineering. The data obtained can be used to improve existing tools. The research process is part of the educational process at the agricultural university
Devising a method for building an educational project team based on the analysis of competency matrix
Authors: Biloshchytskyi Andrii , Gladka Myroslava , Kuchanskyi Oleksandr , Andrashko Yurii , Faizullin Adil
Published: December 2024

The object of this study is the processes to form teams for educational projects. The issue addressed is the distribution of lecturers based on educational components, taking into account the complex set of functional requirements for the executors of specific educational projects. To successfully implement educational projects, it is proposed to build a reserve of personnel and form effective teams of performers who have the necessary competencies and experience in implementing international projects. A method for determining the individual competencies of executors of educational projects at institutions of higher education has been formalized. It is proposed to evaluate lecturers on the basis of their effectiveness in teaching educational components, which is measured by testing the level of assimilation of program results by students. As a result, a matrix of competences was constructed, containing the evaluations of performers, which helps the management of the institution to make decisions about the extension or termination of contracts with lecturers, as well as possible bonuses. A method for analyzing the matrix of competencies for the formation of an educational project team is to identify lecturers who have the necessary competencies to provide educational components. As a result of applying the method, a project team is formed, which is able to provide all the necessary competencies, taking into account the qualification requirements. The method helps determine the shortage of qualified personnel and the need for their development. The method was verified using an example of an educational project in Kazakhstan to form a team of lecturers that meets the qualification requirements of the educational program. The results show that even a minimum team of three people can provide all 16 competencies at an appropriate level, and the involvement of additional performers expands the possibilities of flexible distribution of responsibilities between them
Design of an intelligent module for detecting signs of information security threats and the emergence of unreliable data
Authors: Cherepanska Irina , Sazonov Artem , Kyrychuk Yuriy , Melnychuk Petro , Melnychuk Dmytro , Nazarenko Nataliia , Pryadko Volodymyr , Bakhman Serhii , Khraban Davyd
Published: December 2024

At the stage of production preparation, there is an urgent need for an automated system that would timely detect signs of threats to information security and the emergence of unreliable data. To solve this problem, an intelligent module capable of detecting such threats and unreliable and/or anomalous data has been designed. The proposed intelligent module is the state-of-art, original, and effective toolkit. It can be recommended for practical use as part of the well-known information and computer system for automated modeling of the system of automatic orientation of production objects at the stage of technological preparation of machine and instrument-building production. Its application makes it possible to increase information security and reliability of important production data at the stage of technological preparation of production, in particular, when modeling systems for automatic orientation of production objects. In addition, the use of the proposed intelligent module makes it possible to obtain a number of important social and economic effects. Some of these effects are manifested in the prevention or reduction of material, intellectual and time costs for saving and restoring information, etc.
Automated analysis of important production data regarding their reliability and abnormality is carried out by machine learning methods using a specially designed advanced variational autoencoder based on classification algorithms and using wavelet transformation.
The designed intelligent module for detecting signs of a threat to information security and the emergence of unreliable and/or anomalous data works in real time with a high accuracy of 97.53 %. It meets the requirements of modern production
Determining the influence of technological parameters of the laser processing of plastic cards edges on improving their wear resistance
Authors: Kyrychok Tetiana , Nazarenko Olena , Korotenko Olena , Klymenko Tetiana , Talimonova Nadiia
Published: December 2024

The object of this study is plastic cards for various purposes, which are a multilayer structure. The main factors affecting the wear of cards are environmental influences, storage and use conditions, and equipment for reading our personalized information. During the operation of plastic cards, the most common defects are peeling of the top protective layer and violation of the integrity of the card structure. An increase in the frequency of such operational defects may be caused at the production stage by the peculiarities of a die-cutting process.
The subject of the study is to determine the optimal technological parameters for laser processing of plastic cards in order to improve their quality characteristics, in particular, wear resistance. The process of card wear was simulated by exposure to chemical and mechanical factors. The study was conducted using a standard procedure. The new methodology includes a combination of classical tests: a combination of chemical and dynamic effects and the introduction of a washing test.
To solve the existing problem, it was proposed to improve the technological process by introducing laser edge processing of plastic cards after die-cutting. A set of experimental studies on resistance to transverse, longitudinal bending and twisting revealed that the wear resistance of cards after laser edge treatment increased by 12 % compared to untreated cards. It was established that for cards made of polyvinylidene chloride, processing with a CO2 laser with a power of 25.5 W and a diameter of the laser beam of 1.5 mm is the most rational. It has been confirmed that this laser processing technique makes it possible to strengthen the chemical bonds between the layers of the body of a plastic card
Devising a method for assessing the efficiency in managing logistics operations of motor transport enterprises
Authors: Vorkut Tatiana , Volynets Lyudmila
Published: December 2024

The object of this study is the logistics operations of a motor transport company. The task addressed is to improve the effectiveness of assessing the state of efficiency in managing logistics activities of motor vehicle enterprises, regardless of the level of hierarchy of the motor vehicle enterprise. Underlying the research is the game chaos algorithm (GCA) applied for assessing the state of efficiency in managing the logistics operations of motor transport enterprises. Evolving artificial neural networks are used to train GCA.
A comprehensive model for assessing the effectiveness of the operation of logistics activities of motor transport enterprises was built.
The model is proposed to be used in the operational management of logistics activities of motor transport enterprises. In addition, the model built allows for the following:
− assessing possible risks of disrupting the task of providing goods and services in organizations and organizational networks;
− determining the influence of performance evaluation indicators of the logistic support system in organizations and organizational networks on each other;
– establishing the influence of a group of indicators for evaluating the effectiveness of logistics support in organizations and organizational networks on a separate indicator.
The study also proposes a method for evaluating the effectiveness of managing logistics activities of motor transport enterprises. The originality of the method is that it makes it possible to avoid hitting the global and local optimum due to additional improved procedures based on the use of game chaos theory.
The simulation results showed an increase in the effectiveness of assessing the operational efficiency of the management of logistics activities of motor transport enterprises at the level of 14–16 % due to the use of additional improved procedures
Development of multifunctional polymer composites with high red mud content
Authors: Melnyk Liubov , Sviderskyy Valentin
Published: December 2024

Red mud (RM) is one of the large-scale by-products of alumina production, posing significant environmental challenges due to its high alkalinity, toxicity, and substantial accumulation volumes. The object of this study is polymer composite based on styrene-butadiene aqueous dispersion with RM and chamotte (Pa2) as fillers at high concentrations (up to 90 wt. %). The primary problem addressed in this research is finding effective ways to utilize RM as secondary raw material to enhance its recycling efficiency and create multifunctional materials with adjustable properties.
The study established that RM has an irregular plate-like structure with a high active surface area, which facilitates the formation of an open porous composite structure, while Pa2 forms a dense matrix due to its aluminosilicate content. Infrared spectral analysis confirmed the presence of functional groups (OH, Si–O, Al–O) that ensure the interaction of fillers with the polymer matrix. Thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated that RM and Pa2 exhibit similar behavior under heating. Mechanical tests revealed that RM-based composites exhibit high plasticity and energy absorption capacity, whereas Pa2-based composites are characterized by greater stiffness and strength (elastic modulus up to 129.8 MPa).
The results indicate that the choice of filler type and concentration effectively regulates composite properties. The proposed approach enables the recycling of industrial waste and the development of multifunctional materials suitable for use in construction, protective coatings, and the production of structural elements capable of withstanding significant loads
Optimization of image compression using artificial neural networks
Authors: Lytvyn Oleksandr , Kolos Nadiya
Published: December 2024

The object of research is artificial neural networks of adaptive resonance theory (ART). ART neural networks are classified by matching input data to one of the existing classes, provided that the data is sufficiently similar to the Class prototypes. Continuous and discrete adaptive resonance theory networks ART-1 and ART-2 work effectively in recognition systems, especially in conditions of high uncertainty, when it is necessary to identify a large number of different images.
The main problem that was solved in this study was to optimize the process of image compression using artificial neural networks, because image compression is widely used in many scientific and technical fields and becomes especially relevant when transmitting over narrow-band communication channels. A way to overcome these difficulties may be to select basic data for reconstruction from an open data set (Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology) – Fashion-MNIST. There are still unresolved issues related to the fact that lossy compression algorithms with increasing compression ratio usually generate artifacts that are clearly visible to the human eye.
A compression algorithm based on neural networks is described, which establishes a correspondence between the input and output spaces consisting of elements of the codebook and neurons. The proposed method uses a different approach (First Order), rather than a simple difference coding scheme (zero order), where the new code is calculated by subtracting the previous encoded block. The peak signal-to-noise ratio of PSNR and the root-mean-square error (MSE) of these algorithms is 24.7 DB with a compression ratio of 25.22.
The main area of practical use of the results obtained is improved image compression for processing large – volume video and photo materials without significant loss of quality
Power and emission estimation of plastic waste pyrolysis-derived fuel blends in internal combustion engines
Authors: Susilo Sugeng Hadi , Mashudi Imam , Santoso Santoso , Hardjito Agus , Pebrianti Dwi
Published: December 2024

Energy, especially from fossil fuels, is essential for everyday life, while plastic waste is an increasing environmental threat. Plastic waste disposal methods such as landfilling and burning cause pollution. Therefore, a process is needed that converts plastic waste into fuel. The object of the study is the engine performance. The problem to be solved is the relationship between the use of a mixture of fossil fuels and pyrolysis fuel on the performance of internal combustion engines.
This research uses a systematic data collection process to obtain accurate and reliable results. The necessary equipment, including a dynamometer and gas analyzer, was prepared, and the engine was warmed up to a stable operating temperature of 80 °C. The motorbike is then positioned on the dynamometer with the rear tires aligned and the front tires secured to prevent movement. Data collection was carried out at engine speeds of 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, and 6000 rpm, using three fuel mixtures: 10 % plastic pyrolysis fuel with 90 % RON 90, 20 % plastic pyrolysis fuel with 80 % 90 RON, and 30 % plastic pyrolysis fuel with 70 % RON 90. Each test was repeated three times, with the output power measured using a dynamometer and exhaust emissions (CO and HC levels) recorded using a gas analyzer. The test results show that the optimal fuel mixture to produce maximum engine power is a PE-RON 90 mixture with a ratio of 20:80, providing the best performance at medium to high engine speeds (3000–6000 rpm) with low CO emissions. The highest power output (1.05) occurs at 4000 rpm, while the PE-RON 90 30:70 alloy produces the best power performance at 6000 rpm (0.78 % CO). Additionally, the pyrolysis fuel blend significantly reduces CO and HC emissions, with the PE-RON 90 30:70 blend showing the lowest CO (0.78 % at 6000 rpm) and consistently reducing HC emissions across the rpm range
Development of a method for managing a group of unmanned aerial vehicles using a population algorithm
Authors: Alkhafaji Mohammed Jasim Abed , Kashkevich Svitlana , Shyshatskyi Andrii , Sova Oleg , Nalapko Oleksii , Buyalo Oleksiy , Yula Oleksandr , Shaposhnikova Olena , Matsyi Olha , Dvorskyi Mykola
Published: December 2024

The object of the study is a group of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The subject of the study is the decision-making process in management tasks using:
– an improved brown bear algorithm (BBA), which achieves the determination of the optimal UAV movement route based on the given optimization criterion (the probability of completing the flight task), described by complex multimodal functions;
– evolving artificial neural networks for deep learning of the multi-agent system knowledge base, by training both the parameters and the architecture of artificial neural networks.
The originality of the method lies in using additional improved procedures that allow:
– the initial BBA population and their initial position on the search plane are determined considering the degree of uncertainty in the data on the UAV group movement route;
– the initial speed of each BBA is considered, enabling the prioritization of searches in the respective search plane (height, latitude, and longitude);
– the suitability of the UAV group's flight route for performing the flight task is determined, considering a set of external factors, thereby reducing the decision search time;
– the universality of BBA food search strategies allows classifying a set of conditions and factors affecting the completion of the flight task.
This aids in identifying the most feasible movement options for the UAV group based on the defined optimization criterion for movement route. Modeling the operation of the proposed method has shown that the increase in decision-making efficiency reaches 15–18 %. The enhancement in the method's efficiency is achieved through additional procedures and ensuring the reliability of the decisions at a level of 0.9
Determination of the patterns of hypochlorous acid release from foamed sodium hypochlorite solutions into the air in an evaporator of special design
Authors: Murashevych Bohdan , Girenko Dmitry , Lebed Oleg , Maslak Hanna , Bilenkyi Emil
Published: December 2024

The disinfection of air in premises, especially in the presence of people, is an important element of the system for the prevention of infectious diseases. A promising solution for this is to fill the premises with an antimicrobial chemical agent that would quickly neutralize pathogens directly at the moment they enter the air. It is advisable to use hypochlorous acid HOCl as such an agent. But traditional methods of administering HOCl into the air by aerosolizing its solutions may be accompanied by a number of risks that can be prevented by using gaseous HOCl. Therefore, it is relevant to develop evaporation devices that would take into account the specifics of chlorine-active compounds and determine the influence of various factors on the release of gaseous HOCl from them into the air being treated. During the study, a design of a device was developed in which the transfer of HOCl into the air is carried out by contact of the latter with a foamed working solution of sodium hypochlorite NaOCl. The HOCl concentration in the treated air mainly depends on its concentration in the working solution, which, in turn, is determined by the pH of the solution and the total content of free chlorine in it. Additionally, the influence of the air and working solution temperatures, the volume of the working solution, the power of air flows and other technological factors on the air HOCl concentration was studied. When using an electrochemically generated approx. 1000 mg/l NaOCl solution with pH 8.50–8.60 at 20 °C, it is possible to maintain the total chlorine concentration in the air flow with a capacity of 50 m3/h at a level of about 0.30 mg/m3 for a long time. Simple design, multifunctionality and the fundamental possibility of combining the processes of electrochemical synthesis of HOCl and its immediate administering into the air open up broad prospects for using the developed installations for continuous disinfection of premises
Development of a method for automatic control of monitoring means for information protection objects
Authors: Herasymov Serhii , Yevseiev Serhii , Milevskyi Stanislav , Balitskyi Nazar , Zaika Viktor , Povaliaiev Serhii , Golovashych Sergii , Huk Oleksandr , Smirnov Anton , Rubel Kostiantyn
Published: December 2024

For the modern stage of science and technology development, the problem of information protection from unauthorized access is becoming relevant. The object of research is the process of monitoring information protection objects for timely detection and securing of leakage channels. The subject of research is ensuring automatic control of monitoring means for information protection objects.
The article presents the results of the development of a method for automatic control of information protection object monitoring means by improving the control process, taking into account the peculiarities of the potential threats impact. The advantage of this study is the involvement of artificial intelligence in monitoring information protection objects in order to timely detect new threats to leakage channels. The essence of the method is to use a cybernetic approach to the development of adaptive control systems for monitoring information protection objects. The structure of the modeling method is considered, the procedure for assessing the adequacy and accuracy of determining the parameters of monitoring information protection objects. Proposals for implementing a method for controlling information protection object monitoring means based on associative control devices are substantiated. Schemes for implementing an associative control device for determining the parameters of an information protection object are presented, and the results of the practical implementation of the proposed method are also presented. A feature of the study are the developed associative control devices that provide the accumulation of knowledge in the process of learning about the threats of information leakage to the object of protection. The results of the study allow to improve the quality of detecting threats of information leakage to the object of protection and take into account possible changes in the characteristics of promising information leakage channels
Tolerance Limits of Cruelty in the Philosophy of the 20th Century: The Possibility of an Ambivalent Interpretation
Authors: Borodina N. V. , Melnyk Y. M.
Published: December 2024

Purpose. The research explores the ambivalent interpretations of the tolerance limits of cruelty in 20th-century philosophy. Theoretical basis. The research is based on the concepts of Jean-Paul Sartre, Georges Bataille, and Albert Camus, who do not justify cruelty but demonstrate its potential legitimacy under certain circumstances. Originality. The authors have identified three main perspectives on tolerating cruelty, which form the foundation for an ambivalent interpretation. These perspectives include the justification of cruelty as necessary in the struggle for social justice (Sartre), the justification of cruelty towards oneself as a consequence of human rights and freedoms (Camus), and the justification of epistemological cruelty as a means to expand the boundaries of knowledge (Bataille). Conclusions. The ambivalent interpretation of cruelty, as exemplified by Bataille, Camus, and Sartre, blurs the tolerance limits of cruelty and creates opportunities for manipulations that may infringe upon people’s rights and freedoms. If Camus’s concept remains within the limits of respect for human dignity, then in Sartre’s interpretation, a person can be perceived as a tool for social struggle, and in Bataille – as an opportunity to gain a new ecstatic experience through cruel treatment of others.
Main Paradigms of the Concept of Evil in Western Anthropological and Psychological Studies
Authors: Popov V. Y. , Popova E. V.
Published: December 2024

Purpose. The authors aim to investigate the evolution of the paradigm shift of the concept of evil in Western philosophical and psychological thought. Theoretical basis is determined by the latest methodological approaches in studying the relationship between philosophical, psychological, and theological approaches to understanding the essence of evil and its manifestations. Originality. For the first time in Ukrainian philosophical literature, a systematization of the evolution of the concept of evil in the philosophical and psychological sciences has been carried out. Conclusions. Analyzing the main mythological, theological, philosophical, and psychological concepts of evil provides an opportunity to systematize them through the main five paradigms. The primordial paradigm can be considered dualistic, which retains its influence until our time. Evil is understood in it as the personification of natural disasters, diseases, human crimes, and a force opposing Good. Ancient philosophy and Christianity try to deprive evil of its ontological status: evil does not exist as such but is only a lack of Good. Based on this understanding, a privative paradigm was formed, which dominated the European philosophical and theological consciousness for more than a millennium. It became the basis for philosophical theodicy: the justification of the all-good God in the face of clearly existing evil. But at the end of the 18th century, it gave way to the dialectical-romantic paradigm, the most vivid representatives of which are Schelling, Hegel, and Nietzsche. The concept of evil is reinterpreted and considered as a necessary component of the world, which, along with good, belongs to a higher reality. The concept of evil receives a new understanding in the psychoanalysis of Freud, Jung, and Fromm: its source is determined by the human subconscious, and its external manifestation is aggression. A similar understanding of evil is inherent in many other psychological schools, some of which also conducted psychological experiments on the originally evil nature of man. However, such "experiments" are characteristic of the social practices of totalitarian regimes, based on which the concept of the "banality" of evil arises. The appearance of the latest postmodern paradigm of understanding evil is connected with the attempt of some thinkers to reject all previous concepts of evil and a kind of return to the oldest dualistic paradigm. It would seem that the fall of most totalitarian regimes and the expectation of the "end of history" did not give grounds for popularizing this paradigm. Still, the events of the early 20s of our century indicate the need for its actualization.
Bir Sürgün Anlatısı Kondurma Siyaseti
Authors: Doğan Muhittin
Published: December 2024

Etkili anlatıları bünyesinde taşıyan edebiyat, insana/hayata farklı açılardan
bakabilmeyi, onu sorgulamayı, hayatın uzağında değil de merkezinde olmayı öneren bir
yeniden kurgulamadır. Bilim dallarının ihmal ettiği insana dair önemli veriler, toplumu
yansıtan birer ayna görevi üstlenen edebi eserlerde çoğu zaman kendilerine yaşam alanları
bulabilir. Bu eserlerden bizden önceki toplumlarla ilgili veriler elde edebilir, yazarların
insan gerçeğini göz ardı etmeden oluşturdukları kurguları sayesinde hayata dair önemli
ayrıntılara ulaşılabiliriz.
Dönemindeki çoğu yazar gibi Kemal Tahir’in roman ve hikâyelerinin temel dayanağı,
dereceleri farklı olmakla birlikte içerisinden çıktığı toplum olur; sanatçı şahit olduğu
toplumsal olayları, kurmaca kahramanlar/olaylar üzerinden vermeye çalışır. Kurmaca
olmasına rağmen gerçeğin uzağına düşmeyen, içerisinde hayatın gerçeklerine çıkan bir
yolu her zaman barındıran metinler sayesinde sosyolojik okuma, diğer bilgi kaynaklarının
yanında edebî metinleri de inceleme alanlarının dışında tutmayarak -tıpkı Kondurma
Siyaseti adlı anlatıda olduğu gibi- insan gerçeğine ulaşmada daha avantajlı bir hale gelir.
Bu çalışmada Kemal Tahir’in Göl İnsanları kitabında bulunan ve Dersim’de yaşayan
Kürtlerin Rumeli’ye sürgünlerini konu edinen Kondurma Siyaseti adlı hikayesi yazıldığı
dönemin toplumsal şartları göz önünde bulundurularak sosyolojik okuma yöntemi ile
incelenmiş ve olayların geçtiği zamana ait toplumsal gerçeklere ulaşılmaya çalışılmıştır.
Yatırım Yeri Tahsisi Bağlamında Devlet Yardımları Kararlarının Tarihsel Gelişimi
Authors: Soyer Emre
Published: December 2024

Türkiye’deki teşvik politikası büyük ölçüde Yatırımlarda Devlet Yardımları Hakkında
Kararlar (YDYHK) aracılığıyla belirlenmektedir. Bu kararlar piyasa şartlarına ve ülke
ihtiyaçlarına göre şekillenmektedir. Öte yandan ülkemizdeki devlet yardımları paradigması,
uluslararası ilişkiler, siyaset ve ekonomik gelişmelerden bağımsız düşünülemeyecektir.
Özellikle Avrupa Birliği ile ilişkilerinin, teşvik politikaları ve mevzuat çalışmaları
üzerindeki etkisi yadsınamayacak niteliktedir. Toplumsal faydanın en yüksek düzeye
çıkarılması için kullanılan desteklerin adil sonuçlar doğurmasını sağlamak nazik bir
konudur. Genel geçer kabullerden ziyade her ülkenin kendine özgü yöntemleri bulmasını
gerektirir. Kimi durumda öngörülen destekler verimsiz ve adil olmayan sonuçlar doğurur.
Bu halde genelde devlet, özelde ise idare yapacağı iş ve işlemlerle bu destekleri gözden
geçirmesi gerekir. Bu doğrultuda aşağıda, teşvik politikalarında yaşanan gelişmeler
kronolojik olarak değerlendirilecektir. Yatırım yeri tahsisi uygulamaları bu kapsamda
sağlanan devlet yardımlarından biridir. Bu uygulama da zaman içinde değişim ve hatta
dönüşümler göstermiştir. Geçmişteki uygulamalarda yatırımlara bedelsiz yatırım yeri
tahsisi desteği sağlanırken artık bu yöntem kural olarak terk edilmiş ve avantajlı bedeller ile yatırım yeri tahsisi sürecine geçilmiştir. Böylece kamu malları idarenin uhdesinde
kalmaya devam etmekte, yatırımcı ilgili taşınmazı ülke ekonomisine katkısı oranında ve
belirlenen sürelerde kullanıp işletebilmektedir. Günümüzde YDYHK kapsamında yatırım
yeri tahsisleri 4706 sayılı Kanuna göre gerçekleştirilmekle birlikte, yatırım türüne,
sermaye tutarına göre birtakım farklılıklar ortaya çıkmaktadır.
Matematik ve Fen Bilimleri Öğretmen Adaylarının Temel STEM Beceri Düzeyi Algılarının İncelenmesi
Authors: Ateş Hüseyin , Saylan Kırmızıgül Aslı
Published: December 2024

Bu çalışma, Türkiye'de matematik ve fen bilgisi öğretmeni adaylarının temel STEM beceri düzeyi algılarını araştırmayı hedeflemektedir. Araştırma kesitsel tarama deseni ile yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada beşli Likert tipindeki 43 maddelik Temel STEM Beceri Düzeyi Algı Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Veriler, farklı üniversitelerdeki 445 öğretmen adayından toplanmıştır. Sonuçlar, öğretmen adaylarının temel STEM beceri düzeyi algılarının yüksek olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Fen bilgisi öğretmen adayları "Fen" boyutunda en yüksek ortalama puanı alırken, matematik öğretmen adayları "Matematik" boyutunda en yüksek ortalama puanı almıştır. Ayrıca, çalışma, cinsiyet, bölüm ve sınıf düzeyi gibi demografik değişkenlerin öğretmen adaylarının temel STEM beceri düzeyi algılarına etkisini incelemiştir. Ancak, sonuçlar bu değişkenlerin temel STEM beceri düzeyi algılarında anlamlı bir etkiye sahip olmadığını göstermiştir. Bu bulgular, öğretmen eğitim programları ve müfredat geliştirme için değerli bir kaynak olarak hizmet edebilir ve öğretmen adaylarının STEM derslerini etkili bir şekilde öğretmek için gerekli becerilere sahip olmalarının önemini vurgulayabilir.
Okullarda Hediye Alma Davranışının Etik Açıdan Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Aslan Hüseyin , Baydın Aslan Ayşe Hülya
Published: December 2024

Bu araştırma, okullarda öğretmen görüşleri doğrultusunda hediye alma davranışının etik açıdan değerlendirilmesi amacıyla hazırlanmıştır. Araştırma nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden olgubilimi deseninde yapılmıştır. Çalışma Samsun ili İlkadım ilçesine bağlı okul öncesi, ilkokul, ortaokul ve lise eğitim kurumlarında 2022-2023 Eğitim-Öğretim yılında görev yapmakta olan toplam 40 gönüllü öğretmenden oluşmaktadır. Her eğitim kademesinden toplam 10’ar öğretmen ile görüşme yapılmıştır. Öğretmenlere, “Hediye alıyor musunuz? Hediye alma davranışını nasıl değerlendiriyorsunuz? Hangi tür hediyeler kabul edilebilir sınırlar içindedir? Öğrenciden gelen hediye konusunda kendinizce bir ölçütünüz var mı? Varsa nedir? Veliden gelen hediye konusunda kendinizce bir ölçütünüz var mı? Varsa nedir? Hediyeleşmenin insan ilişkilerine yansıması nedir? Öğretmenler açısından bunu nasıl değerlendiriyorsunuz? soruları yöneltilmiştir. Yapılan çalışmadaki veriler betimsel analiz tekniği kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Öğretmenlerin çoğunun hediye alma davranışının insan ilişkilerini kuvvetlendirdiğini, maddi değerinden ziyade el emeği içeren manevi değeri olan hediyelerin özellikle alınabileceğini belirtmişlerdir.
Sanat Eğitimi Derslerinin Okul Uygulamalarındaki Yeterliğine Yönelik Sınıf Öğretmeni Adaylarının Görüşleri
Authors: Çay Ruhi
Published: December 2024

Bu araştırmada, sınıf öğretmenliği lisans programında yer alan sanat eğitimi derslerinin okul uygulamalarındaki yeterliğine yönelik sınıf öğretmeni adaylarının görüşlerini ortaya çıkarmak amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma nitel araştırma modeline göre tasarlanmıştır. Araştırmanın verilerini elde etmek amacıyla katılımcılar ile odak grup görüşmeleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Katılımcıların yaşları 21-24 arasında (ortalama yaş=22,35) değişmekte ve 18 kadın 2 erkekten oluşmaktadır. Verilerin analizinde içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sorularının her biri tema olarak belirlenmiş, temalar altında alt tema ve kodlar oluşturulmuştur. Araştırmada, özellikle görsel sanatlar eğitimi dersinin sekizinci yarıyılda verilmesinden dolayı sınıf öğretmeni adaylarının öğretmenlik uygulaması sürecinde ders planı hazırlama, sınıf yönetimi, konu bilgisi ve sanatsal uygulamalar noktasında bazı problemler yaşadıkları sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Cidades Pequenas e a Teoria dos Polos de Crescimento
Authors: Santos Vitória Alves dos , Rezende Wagner de Souza
Published: December 2024

This paper intends to reinterpret the Theory of Growth Poles, or Polarization Theory, formulated by François Perroux in the 1950s, to analyze the urban development of small cities. The theory suggests that the formation of urban centralities occurs heterogeneously at specific points in the territory, whose growth vectors are influenced by the actions of global socio-economic networks in local political arenas. These cities act as force fields that attract and stimulate growth in surrounding regions. This study aims to identify and analyze the effects of growth poles on the urban condition of small cities in the state of Goiás, Brazil, using criteria adapted from Perroux (1981) and reinterpreted for application in the context of cities located in southern Goiás. This is a theoretical work that, through a bibliographical review, presents a critical re-reading of the urban networks formed by city-regions, which we believe is relevant to the discussion on urban and regional planning in Brazil. The results of mapping the growth poles in the state of Goiás show social, cultural, political, and economic asymmetries in the territorial configurations. They reveal significant heterogeneity, indicating the need to redefine the criteria for their definition. This article aims to contribute to urban studies by identifying new agents influencing the territory, considering specific social, geographical, and economic contexts. The intention is to contribute to urban studies by listing new main agents influencing the territory, considering their contexts.
Potencial de contaminação das águas subterrâneas por necrochorume em Bragança – Pará
Authors: Santos Danielle Ivana Pereira dos , Roldão Antonio Jose Leal Nina , Caldas Marcos Ruben de Almeida , Gervasio Juliana
Published: December 2024

The objective of this research was to evaluate the potential for groundwater contamination by cemetery activity in Bragança, Pará, through geospatial analysis of the areas directly affected by the necropolises: Santa Rosa de Lima and Campo da Saudade. To prepare the geomorphological, pedological, relief, and altitude characterization of Bragança, we used free images from high-resolution satellites – Planet, Dove sensor and Alos Palsar, Alos sensor, which were processed in the ArcGis 10.5 software. Later, an on-site visit and photographic recording of the cemeteries were also conducted to check for non-compliance with current burial legislation. As the main results, it can be deduced that the current situation of the analyzed cemeteries is worrying, as they are in soils whose ability to retain trace elements (heavy metals) and humorous liquids is low, on minimum slopes and at inappropriate distances between graves and aquifers underground. Furthermore, it was observed that Bragantino cemeteries disagree with cemetery legislation, but there is an understanding that there are techniques and technologies for adaptation. It is believed that involving the population and pluralizing environmental and sanitation issues can support negotiations on how and when they will manage their burial activities to guarantee the perpetuity of the maximum quality of Bragança's water and soil resources.
Geoprocessamento como Ferramenta de Previsão de Ocorrência de Erosões Hídricas Lineares, a partir do Padrão de Concentração do Escoamento Superficial, em Escala de Encosta
Authors: Oliveira Ana Laura Pascucci de , Ruas Graziele , Furegatti Simone Andrea
Published: December 2024

Erosion in urban areas is influenced by the interaction between different natural factors and anthropogenic activity, such as intense urbanization and uncoordinated occupation of urban space, which can trigger and intensify erosion processes. The aim of this study was to identify runoff patterns using geoprocessing as a tool for predicting the occurrence of linear water erosion on an urban hillslope at the source of the Grama River in Bauru, São Paulo. The characteristics of the terrain (curvature, gradient and slope orientation) and the influence of urban occupation were assessed in order to gain a general understanding of the events occurring on the hillslope. Existing linear erosion feature surveying and the Concentrated Flow map were superimposed to analyze the compatibility between the runoff pattern and the locations where the features occur. Analysis of the results indicated that, in general, the flow lines lead to the points where the recorded erosion features occur.
O Descarte Urbano Proveniente da Construção Civil e sua Relação com a Saúde Pública
Authors: Bueno Laura Machado de Mello , Vaz Mariana Alves , Vaz Mariana Alves , Cerejo Lucas Nakamura
Published: December 2024

This study explores the link between the management of construction waste and the incidence of dengue in Campinas, highlighting the importance of sustainable practices and the role of public authorities. Between 2018 and 2021, the exemption from the onerous grant of the right to build indicated a possible increase in construction activity, coinciding with the growth of dengue cases, exacerbated by atypical climatic events and floods that created areas conducive to the proliferation of the Aedes aegypti mosquito. By analyzing data on issued permits, dengue case records, and rainfall, the study seeks to understand how urban and environmental dynamics affect public health. It emphasizes the need for an integrated approach that involves public policies, solid waste management techniques, and community awareness to discuss the risks of dengue proliferation in urban areas.