bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN LEGO UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KREATIVITAS ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: Kartini Kartini , Susilawati Indria
Published: June 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) pengaruh kreativitas anak usia dini pada pembelajaran sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan media lego, (2) Pengaruh kreativitas antara kelompok anak yang diajarkan dengan media lego dan media konvensional di TK Global Melawi. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuasi eksperimen dengan desain pretest-postest control group design. Teknik observasi digunakan untuk mengetahui kreativitas anak. Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji t-test. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) ada pengaruh kreativitas anak usia dini pada pembelajaran sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan media lego (Balok, (2) ada pengaruh yang signifikan mengenai kreativitas anak kelompok eksperimen dengan kelompok kontrol. Prolehan mean kreativitas eksperimen lebih besar dari pada mean kelompok kontrol yaitu 37,00 > 31,17. Hasil uji-t dan posttest kemampuan kreativitas kelompok kontrol dan eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa nilai t-tabel dengan derajat bebas (df) 34 dengan taraf signifikansi α = 0,05 adalah sebesar 2,032. Nilai t-hitung 3,389 > t-tabel 2,032 dan nilai p-value 0.000 < taraf signifikansi 0,005Kata Kunci. : Pengaruh, Media Lego, Kreativitas
Da modernidade em Luc Ferry à pós-modernidade de Vattimo: as diferentes concepções de niilismo
Authors: Ferreira Douglas Willian
Published: June 2019

O referido trabalho pretende estabelecer uma interpretação acerca da modernidade e da passagem dessa à pós-modernidade a partir da filosofia de dois autores contemporâneos, a saber, o filósofo francês Luc Ferry e o filósofo italiano Gianni Vattimo. Notar-se-á que entre os autores, apesar de alguns poucos pontos em comum, prevalece divergência de pontos de vista e de compreensão dos acontecimentos históricos, políticos e sociais que marcaram a sociedade moderna e, posteriormente, a pós-modernidade. A chave de leitura será o conceito de niilismo, que em Ferry ganha uma conotação de força e de manutenção de verdades fortes, o que caracteriza, segundo ele, a modernidade; enquanto que, em Vattimo esse niilismo é o enfraquecimento dessas estruturas modernas e a garantia da pós-modernidade enquanto um momento de superação das verdades metafísicas. Diante desse cenário, analisaremos os limites da proposta de Ferry que se apega a uma crítica do niilismo realizada por Nietzsche, desconsiderando, contudo, a afirmação que o anunciador da morte de Deus faz de um niilismo ativo.
Sociedade moderna: ciência e sentido em Eric Weil
Authors: Soares Daniel Benevides
Published: June 2019

A sociedade moderna weiliana se caracteriza entre outras coisas pela sua sua concepção de ciência. Ambas fundadas no princípio do cálculo eficaz, a compreensão de seu funcionamento e de suas limitações caminham juntas. Assim, analisar a sociedade moderna contempla uma discussão da instância que funciona como sua autoconsciência: a concepção de ciência que lhe é própria, as ciências sociais, cuja matriz é a ciência da natureza. Ciência e sociedade moderna são compreendidas no âmbito da categoria weiliana da condição. Aqui não existe apelo a um princípio incondicionado. Desse modo, a questão do sentido não pode ser feita. Não se trata com isso de renunciar às conquistas da ciência moderna. Na visão de Weil, entretanto, deve-se reconhecer que a questão do sentido pode ser feita adequadamente. Isso porque ela deve ser posta pela filosofia. Nosso objetivo no presente trabalho é discutir a relação entre sociedade moderna, ciência moderna e o sentido. Isso porque se existe uma ciência de uma sociedade eficaz também existe uma ciência do sentido: essa é a filosofia.
Sociedade de consumidores e o desinteresse pela esfera pública: escravização invisível e a política instrumental em Hannah Arendt
Authors: Silva Kelly Janaína Souza da
Published: June 2019

Erigir o aumento da riqueza e da abundância como um objetivo primordial para a vita activa já se desenhava como premissa axiomática da economia política clássica, além do sonho idealizado dos pobres e despossuídos. Havia, no entanto, certa esperança utópica de que, ao viver em uma sociedade com maior abastança, as pessoas cidadãs buscariam mais plenamente o desenvolvimento de apropriada abstenção consciente do trabalho e do consumo em seu tempo livre, ou seja: que isento da dor e do esforço de trabalhar e consumir, o animal laborans tornar-se-ia produtivo para si próprio, nutrindo-se de atividades “superiores”. No entanto, de quanto mais horas vagas dispõe o laborans, maiores são seus apetites de consumo e, sobretudo, uma sociedade abundante expõe devidamente a falácia do raciocínio anterior, uma vez que tudo pode ser reificado e comercializado. Esse artigo pretende analisar o fenômeno da sociedade de consumo contemporânea como engrenagem do ciclo vital, descrevendo de que modo, presas em seus próprios processos de trabalho e consumo, as pessoas cidadãs desfrutam apenas de uma política instrumental. Essa alienação promove a vitória do animal laborans sobre o zoon politikon.
A política no fim da idade média e sua influência no renascimento: entre o “De regno – ad regem cypri”, de São Tomás, e “Il principe”, de Maquiavel
Authors: Aguiar José Arlindo
Published: June 2019

O presente artigo pretende esboçar um paralelo entre duas obras da filosofia política: o opúsculo inacabado “Do reino ou do governo dos príncipes ao Rei de Chipre” de São Tomás de Aquino, e o conhecido “O Príncipe” de Nicolau Maquiavel. O cotejo dos textos permite aproximações diretas entre dois momentos filosóficos distantes através da temática similar, pelo tratamento filosófico da tradição clássica, e pela sutileza do argumento que relaciona o bem comum com o privado, nas relações políticas. A análise divide-se em duas partes temáticas: a definição de governante, e, as características de seu ofício. Em Tomás, articula-se a influência da política aristotélica com o modo como a finalidade privada do governante se estabelece numa hierarquia dos fins, justificadora do governo e direcionada ao bem comum. Em Maquiavel se observa uma recepção diferente do pensamento antigo, ligado à retórica romana, e uma hierarquia própria dos fins, que se direciona, de modo semelhante ao tomasiano, para o bem comum, mas com um tratamento diferente quanto a como esse bem público se relaciona com o bem privado, tanto do governante, quanto do povo que lhe é sujeito. Desta comparação conclui-se por uma necessidade de estabelecer a complexidade da filosofia política na passagem da idade média para o renascimento que afaste a ideia de uma ruptura total, e permita entender como a idade moderna partilha, em continuidade, elementos medievais e os desenvolve muito mais do que os abandona.
O pluralismo cultural dos imaginários sociais modernos segundo Charles Taylor
Authors: Junior Joel Francisco Decothé , Weschenfelder Kelvin Felipe
Published: June 2019

Charles Taylor, ao refletir sobre o pano de fundo histórico-cultural da modernidade ocidental, estabelece a tarefa hermenêutica de fazer uma releitura das múltiplas facetas dos imaginários sociais modernos. Esses imaginários acabam sendo diversificados em uma pluralidade triádica e constitutiva de múltiplas formas culturais. Assim, conforme assevera o filósofo canadense, temos a esfera da moderna faceta social que está sob a égide da economia. De modo que essa é entrelaçada com a face estrutural da modernidade como esfera pública. Por fim, e, sem menos importância, encontramos o autogoverno do povo em seu aspecto nuclear de soberania democrática. Então, neste texto, nutrimos a intencionalidade de acompanharmos o pensamento de Taylor, em sua reconstrução delineadora deste tipo de pluralismo, que examina sobre as fontes, ideias e práticas democráticas articuladas a partir destas facetas constitutivas e articuladoras dos imaginários sociais modernos.
A fala e a escrita na concepção de linguagem de Rousseau
Authors: Arco Júnior Mauro Dela Bandera
Published: June 2019

A história da linguagem adquire ao longo do Ensaio sobre a origem das línguas o andamento de uma queda acelerada na corrupção. Há uma língua primitiva que se degenera e se altera: um processo de formação e uma deformação. À medida que Rousseau identifica em suas reflexões – seja na origem seja na estrutura – música e linguagem, a perda de força expressiva que se verifica nas línguas acomete também a música e estas duas corrupções caminham juntas, de modo que ambas se afastam da língua musicada ou da palavra cantada do início. A corrupção da música e das línguas corresponde ao apagamento de sua potência expressiva e refere-se a uma autonomização da harmonia artificial, ao aumento das consoantes, das articulações, da racionalidade, da prática da escrita, bem como ao desenvolvimento histórico, político, econômico e social. Todos estes processos devem ser levados em consideração numa análise sobre as línguas e a linguagem. Todavia, é possível isolar metodologicamente cada um deles. Dito isto, propomos neste artigo investigar o papel da escrita no processo de corrupção e degeneração das línguas.
Synthesis of cellulose graft ionic liquid using silanization reaction
Authors: THACH Ut Dong , Do Thi Lan Nhi , Do Ngoc Lan Anh , Do Minh Huy
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Ionic liquids (ILs) have attached many attentions due to their interesting physicochemical properties. However, ionic liquids have several disadvantages including high viscosity, difficult to purify, separate and recycle, and expensive. Therefore, supported ionic liquids (SIL) have been developed to overcome these problems. SIL based on cellulose material was conventionally synthesized by silanization reaction between ionic liquid trialkoxyl silane and hydroxyl groups on the surface of cellulose. However, low reactivity of cellulose hydroxyl groups causes the low efficiency of silanization reaction. With the aim to resolve these problems and improve the reactivity of cellulose silanization reaction, cellulose graft ionic liquid was synthesized and characterized.

Methods: Cellulose graft ionic liquid (CL-IL) material was synthesized by silanization reaction. The influence of reaction condition such as IL/CL (w/w) ratio, base catalyst (NH3) and agent coupling tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) on silanization reaction was investigated. The modified CL-IL materials were characterized using FT-IR, TGA, SEM. The ion exchange properties were evaluated via batch adsorption studies to evidence the efficiency of silanization reaction of cellulose.

Results: The study indicated that adding TEOS with NH3 catalyst could significantly increase the number of imidazolium groups grafted on cellulose about 75% compared to the conventional approach. CL-IL material is an efficient anion exchange materials displaying fast kinetic adsorption and high capacity adsorption of MO up to 1.4 mmol g-1.

Conclusion: High-efficiency of cellulose silanization was obtained by using coupling agent TEOS and base catalyst. Therefore, the silanization reaction can be used for synthesis divers of functional cellulose materials. This approach can be aimed for the design of cheaper and high-performance materials for catalysis, polymer composite and adsorption in water treatment and depollution of industrial wastewater.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA PENGETAHUAN GIZI DAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR DENGAN KREATIVITAS SISWA DALAM MENGOLAH MAKANAN
Authors: Hastowati Sri Kawuryan
Published: June 2019

// Â The objective of the research is to study correlation between knowledge of nutrition and learning motivation with student creativity in a food process. The research carried out at Public Senior Vocational School (SMKN) in Jakarta, with 90 respondents selected by using cluster random sampling. The research concludes that there are positive correlation between knowledge of nutrition with student creativity in a food process, with ry1 = .728 and 1 499.4316.91Ë† XY ï€«ï€½ , and there is a positive correlation between learning motivation withÂ  student creativity in a food process, with ry2 =.863Â  and Y Ë† =25.021+ 1.516X2. Furthermore, there is a positive correlation between those two independent variables with student creativity in a food process, with Ry.12 = .971 and =5.354+1.559X1+ 1.543X2.// //
财政扶持嘎查村集体经济发展试点工作调研报告
Authors: 任 凤蛟
Published: June 2019

按照《内蒙古自治区财政厅关于开展扶持嘎查村集体经济发展调研的函》(内财基便函[2018]12号)的要求,为了深入调研我区近年来扶持嘎查村集体经济发展试点工作总体情况,进一步发现问题、总结经验,扎实推动工作开展。基层财政管理处于2018年7月赴呼伦贝尔市、通辽市、锡林郭勒盟、阿拉善盟、巴彦淖尔市等5个盟市、15个旗县区,通过召开座谈会、实地查看项目点等方式开展调研工作。
浅谈葡萄栽培管理技术
Authors: 李 利平 , 张 英 , 秦 胜波
Published: June 2019

葡萄在我省市多个地区都有种植,是农民增收致富的重要途径之一,大部分地区的葡萄种植存在技术上的问题,本文从葡萄栽培技术和管理技术两方面入手,分析葡萄增产、提质的方式方法,为我国葡萄种植水平提高尽微薄之力。
浅析眉山特色农业气象服务的现状和发展
Authors: 喻 良洲 , 黄 莉
Published: June 2019

随着社会经济的发展,传统的气象服务已不适应农业新形势发展的要求,眉山创新农业气象服务方式方法,发展特色农业气象服务。本文对眉山特色农业气象服务的现状做了简要描述,分析了存在的问题,并对眉山特色农业气象服务的未来发展做了一些展望。
林下养鸡“公司+农户”产业化 推动企业与农户双赢
Authors: 侯 韶毅 , 庞 宏志 , 陈 德桢 , 钟 江钊 , 唐 第深
Published: June 2019

广西玉林市是广西农业产业化示范基地,尤其是畜牧业在全区处在领先地位,目前全市生猪、家禽两大主导产业均已走上规模化养殖的路子,其中养鸡规模约占广西的1/4,养猪规模约占广西的1/5。在玉林市养殖业中普遍采取“公司+农户”、“公司+基地+合作社”、“公司+协会+农户”等生产经营模式,但大多数还是“公司+农户”模式,这些模式非常符合广西特色农业产业化的发展方向。因此,在各级农业龙头企业的示范带动下,玉林市养殖业的产业化水平不断提高,形成了农户、企业与市场联结严密的生产体系和较为完整的“养—产—售—加”产业链。近年来,养殖企业将企业发展和农民脱贫致富、履行社会责任紧密结合,充分利用“公司+农户”林下养鸡产业化扶贫养殖模式,使贫困农民基本实现了年年增收、脱贫致富的目标,走出了一条企业发展、农民增收、企业与农户合作共赢的道路。近年来,笔者对这一模式进行调研,认为这是一个值得巩固完善和进一步推广的产业化发展模式。
植物保护技术在生态农业中的有效运用
Authors: 陆 漫 , 陈 俊宇
Published: June 2019

21世纪以后,绿色生态农业成为我国农业领域发展的主题,而植保技术的有效渗透,则推动了生态农业的向前发展。本文主要对植物保护技术在生态农业中的有效运用进行了论述,以供参考。
招虎山森林公园总体规划摘要
Authors: 李 士江 , 张 学峰 , 姜 建成 , 赵 燕 , 张 靖 , 王 森林 , 赵 青 , 吕 常笑
Published: June 2019

山东省海阳市招虎山森林公园具有优美的自然景观和人文景观,文章从公园性质、指导思想、规划原则、功能分区、主要景点、布局特点、宣传营销、绿化配置、道路系统和用地指标诸多方面,对公园的总体规划进行了介绍。
农机在农业发展中的地位作用及发展前景解析
Authors: 高 兆崧
Published: June 2019

农业作为我国重要的经济产业,随着社会经济的快速发展,其生产方式也应该进行逐步的调整和完善。农业机械的广泛应用对农业发展带来了助力。本文将对农机在农业发展中的地位作用及发展前景进行解析,以供参考。
林业资源现状与林业造林分析
Authors: 陈 艳华
Published: June 2019

随着市场经济的发展,我国的社会经济也得到了不断地提升,在不断发展的经济当中我国的林业行业已经成为经济发展中的重要支撑部分。我国的林业产业的体量已经到达千亿元人民币的级别。对于林业资源的有效开发和利用对于整体的林业产业的发展有着重大的指导意义,对于进一步促进林业市场合理有效发展有重大意义。文章分析了我国林业资源的现状并分析林业造林技术的发展方向,希望能给我国的林业发展的进一步更好更快发展做出一份贡献。
林业造林方法在实际造林营林工作中的应用分析
Authors: 李 雪峰
Published: June 2019

可持续发展和植树造林一直是我国提倡的国策,但是近年来环境污染不断加剧,环境问题日益严峻,近年来由于环境问题我国的森林覆盖率不断降低。本文建立在我国林业资源的现状的基础上,讨论造林方法在实际中营林造林的应用状况。并提出了改革的方向和可行的措施,旨在解决我国的严峻的树木和环境问题,促进环境友好,林业向环境和效益两个发向发展,促进我国的经济发展,加强人民的生活水平。
刍议林业经济可持续发展中的营林造林工作研究
Authors: 周 果加
Published: June 2019

我国的国民经济已经发现了很大的进步,人们对于经济和环境的平衡发展也开始越来越重视,目前对林业的发展有更高的要求,在真正的层次上实现对营林造林质量的保障,同时也对林业的经营管理方面提出了要求。我国的生态经济社会的构建受到了林业经济最直接的影响,因此在这个层面上对林业经济的重要性分析就显得尤为重要。本篇文章主要对林业经济的可持续发展过程中,营林造林工作的开展以及注意事项进行了简单的分析和探讨。
简析稻麦秸秆机械化还田技术的应用和建议
Authors: 刘 号 , 李 莉
Published: June 2019

当前,秸秆综合利用技术的类型日益增多,并取得了较为理想的效果。为了促进秸秆机械化还田的健康发展,需研究新型技术,最大限度的发挥出秸秆机械化还田的价值。而积极推广并应用秸秆机械化还田技术,可达到增产增收的目的。
徐海鸡生产技术规程
Authors: 张 孝庆 , 蒋 向君 , 单 玉平 , 柳 丽 , 李 军
Published: June 2019

本规程规定了徐海鸡生产的场内外环境要求、引种、管理原则、饲养方式和管理制度、防疫、废弃物处理、生产记录。本规程适用于徐海鸡的生产。
浅析加强畜牧兽医队伍建设促进畜牧业大发展
Authors: 范 承志
Published: June 2019

随着农业产业结构调整的不断深入,畜牧业在农业产业结构中的比重越来越大,所占地位也越来越突出。畜牧业已成为全县农民增收致富的重要渠道。随着农村畜牧业产值比重的大幅提高,农村畜牧兽医队伍对畜禽生产的重要性越来越突出,但目前农村畜牧生产、疫病防控等方面还存在诸多困难,严重制约着畜牧生产力的充分发挥,为此加强畜牧兽医队伍建设具有十分重要的意义。现针对存在问题提出相应的解决措施。
农学专业现代农业生物技术课程教学改革探析
Authors: 孟 凡亮
Published: June 2019

对于农学专业学生来讲,正确了解作物遗传规律和生长发育特征,能够使其具备较高种子检验与栽培耕作等能力。现阶段,生物技术在诸多农业生产领域中均得到有效运用,如种子鉴定或品质改良,需要加大农学专业学生现代农作物生物技术课程教学力度,以此扩宽学生知识面。本文首先进行农学专业现代化农业生物技术课程的分析,其次进行教学问题的阐述,最后对其教学改革进行深入研究,全面提升其教学质量。
水稻虫害发生与防治策略
Authors: 何 冬晨
Published: June 2019

水稻是我国主要的粮食型作物之一,是人们赖以生存的物质资源,各地的人们都十分喜欢吃大米。因此,我国水稻的产品和品质一直是人们普遍关心的问题。最近几年,随着我国农业结构不断得到调整,水稻种植面积逐渐增大。在水稻生长过程中可能遇到各类病虫害,及时发现并控制病虫害对水稻的伤害,对于水稻的产量和质量有非常重要的作用。本文主要针对水稻病虫害发生趋势及防治技术展开深入研究。
Estado bucodental de adultos mayores institucionalizados mediante un programa público en Villavicencio, durante el primer semestre de 2014
Authors: Rodas Avellaneda Claudia Patricia , Angarita Diaz Maria del Pilar , Nemocon Ramirez Luis Francisco , Pinzón Castro Luis Alexys , Robayo Herrera Yenny Tatiana , González Sánchez Rocio del Pilar
Published: June 2019

Introducción. El proceso de envejecimiento implica cambios fisiológicos que, junto con otros factores, pueden derivar en enfermedades que incluyen las de cavidad oral. La caries, la enfermedad periodontal y las lesiones de la mucosa son las más frecuentes y su presencia condiciona en gran medida la calidad de vida del adulto mayor.Objetivo. Determinar el estado de salud bucodental de personas mayores institucionalizadas mediante un programa público de Villavicencio, en tres hogares geriátricos.Métodos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de adultos mayores donde se recolectó información personal (datos e historia clínica) y se aplicaron los índices (COP-D, Silness y Löe modificado, CPITN y GOHAI). Además, se recolectó información sobre manifestaciones en tejidos blandos y valoración del edentulismo.Resultados. El 48,5% de la población era totalmente edéndula y el 51,5% aún conservaban dientes, pero con un promedio de pérdida de 18 (± 7,2) dientes. De esta población, el 85,7% de los adultos mayores presentaron caries, el 74,1% presentó un factor de riesgo alto en el índice de placa bacteriana y gingival, el 33,3% presentaban enfermedad periodontal. Además, se detectó que el 19% de la población presentaba alguna lesión en la mucosa y que el 76,5% tenía una baja percepción de la calidad de vida relacionada con su salud bucal. Conclusión: mediante la utilización de diferentes índices e instrumentos de valoración, se logró conocer el estado bucodental de adultos mayores institucionalizados bajo un programa público. Los resultados indican la necesidad de implementar estrategias y tratamientos que contribuyan a mejorar la salud oral de esta población vulnerable.
Adaptación transcultural de mensajes de texto para autocuidado en gestantes
Authors: Vélez Álvarez Consuelo , Jaramillo Ángel Claudia Patricia , García Ramírez Jorge Alejandro , Barrera Valencia Camilo
Published: June 2019

El objetivo de este trabajo fue adaptar transculturalmente mensajes de texto dirigidos a gestantes y sus acompañantes para dar herramientas a la academia en los procesos educativos. Se realizó adaptación transcultural en 4 fases: la primera partió de la revisión de textos traducidos al español por los docentes investigadores; luego se procedió a la revisión por parte de expertos; la tercera fase se articuló a partir de grupos focales con gestantes y acompañantes, y finalmente la elaboración de nuevos mensajes de acuerdo con guías y normas de atención en salud.En total, fueron revisados 170 mensajes en la primera fase: los expertos revisaron 107 dirigidos a gestantes, 37 a acompañantes, 18 sobre manejo de recién nacido, sobre estos se hicieron ajustes. El resultado de los grupos focales consolidó el proceso de claridad de los mensajes. El artículo propone una metodología para la adaptación transcultural que permite a la academia obtener mensajes que las gestantes requieren para fortalecer su autocuidado.
Caracterización de la cámara anterior con la Pentacam HR en los pacientes atendidos en la Clínica de la Universidad Santo Tomás
Authors: Peñaloza Silva Mayra Alejandra , Gómez Hilarión Adriana , Gómez Gómez Mayelín , Martínez Izquierdo Álvaro Ernesto
Published: June 2019

Caracterizar la cámara anterior de 1140 exámenes de topografía con la Pentacam HR clasificando el ángulo, profundidad y volumen. Métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo retrospectivo.Los criterios de inclusión fueron: hombres, mujeres y exámenes con especificación de la calidad correcta y reproducible. Resultados: mediana de la profundidad de la cámara anterior: en mujeres 2.98 mm y hombres 3.07 mm, mediana del ángulo de la cámara anterior: mujeres de 37.4° y hombres 39.7° y mediana del volumen de la cámara anterior: mujeres 160 mm3 y hombres 171 mm3; las tres variables con diferencias estadísticamente significativas por sexo.
MONITOREO DE LA FOTODEGRADACIÓN BAJO IRRADIACIÓN ULTRAVIOLETA DE a-TOCOFEROL MEDIANTE ESPECTROSCOPÍA DE ABSORCIÓN ÓPTICA
Authors: Tiburcio Moreno José Antonio , Echevarria Lorenzo , Diaz Carlos , Hernandez Florencio , Alvarado-Gil Juan José
Published: June 2019

En este trabajo se presenta un estudio sobre el proceso de fotodegradación de a-Tocoferol bajo irradiación ultravioleta, para dos diferentes longitudes de onda. Los resultados muestran que los espectros de absorbancia de la molécula en estudio. En su forma, químicamente pura, muestran un decrecimiento en sus picos de absorción y siguen una cinética de primer orden, la cual difiere de su versión comercial (dl-a-tocoferol). En esta forma, esta investigación es de importancia para las aplicaciones y el monitoreo de la presencia de a-tocoferol durante los procesos de almacenamiento y encapsulación.
MODELO DE DATA WAREHOUSE CON APLICACION DE INTELIGENCIA DE NEGOCIOS PARA LAS PYMES
Authors: Sánchez Espinoza Javier Concepción , Canelo Sotelo César Aldo
Published: June 2019

La propuesta consistió en crear un modelo para diseño de una base de datos multidimensional aplicando Inteligencia de Negocios para que las PYMES la utilicen, de manera que cuando se hagan las consultas, estas sean eficientes, es decir menor tiempo de respuesta con optimización de almacenamiento en pocos pasos. Por naturaleza en las PYMES no han tenido referencia de uso en el Perú. Se construyó primero un modelo de entidad relación se pasó al modelo multidimensional, con la herramienta MS-SQL Server 2012, se implemento el modelo usando su suite Business Intelligence. Se contó con distintos niveles de agregación donde se recurrió a la jerarquía, que nos permitió agregar la información a distintos niveles. El nivel de detalle con el que se construyó el modelo dependió de las interrogantes que se respondió a partir del mismo. Se construyó normalmente al máximo nivel de detalle, por la buena explotación de la información. Los resultados han sido mostrados con un ejemplo de consolidado de la información de varias tablas, donde ha sido hecho para que los responsables tomen decisiones inmediatas. Con este modelo se dio a conocer la ventaja que tiene con otros productos desarrollados para el uso de los usuarios finales y no pueden ser modificados por los analistas. El estudio concluyó con un prototipo que pueden ser usado en las Pymes en general por los procesos comunes que tienen.
OPTIMIZACIÓN DE RUTA CORTA USANDO ALGORITMO GENÉTICO GENERACIONAL
Authors: Huarote Zavala Raúl , Vega Luján Yensi , Aradiel Castañeda Hilario , Valverde Flores Jhony
Published: June 2019

El presente artículo de investigación tiene como objetivo utilizar algoritmo genético generacional, propio de la inteligencia artificial, donde se aprovecha el proceso evolutivo para optimizar el recorrido de los n puntos o nodos, a un coste de computador menor. Una de las ventajas de este método evolutivo es que no compiten todos contra todos, sinoque se crea y procesa una porción de la población total, con el objetivo de encontrar la posible mejor ruta, o también llamada búsqueda local. Se ha considerado para el método de la ruleta, cruce por intercambio de 2 puntos, mutación por intercambio y método de parada de acuerdo a la cantidad de generaciones. En un computador de regular característica selogró implementar el algoritmo genético generacional en lenguaje Matlab 8.3, tomando como ejemplo las distancias de cada ciudad. Se obtuvieron como resultados para n puntos o nodos, en cada evaluación, las posibles mejores rutas basándose en el modelo evolutivo. Las pruebas realizadas desde 100 hasta 1000 ciudades resultaron en tiempos de 3,2006 s y 27,924  s, respectivamente. De acuerdo al conjunto de pruebas, demuestra un incremento de manera polinómica de nivel 2; por lo que esta investigación se centra en el incremento de los dos métodos de parada a una secuencia lineal.
MEJORAMIENTO DE LA VIDA ÚTIL (Shelf life) DE LA BEBIDA TRADICIONAL PERUANA EMOLIENTE
Authors: De Florio Ramírez Enrique Alfonso , Lanchipa Bergamini Liliana del Carmen , Matos Peñas Mario Alberto
Published: June 2019

En la presente investigación se estudió el mejoramiento de la vida útil del emoliente peruano, cuya materia prima estuvo constituida por los siguientes ingredientes: cola de caballo (Equisetum giganteun) (14,9%), boldo (Peumus boldus) (0,6%), flor de arena (Tiquilia paromychiodes) (1,1%), grama (Elymus repens) (0,4%), uña de gato (Uncaria tomentosa) (6,5%), linaza (Linum usitatissimum) (29,7%), cebada tostada (Hordemu vulgare) (46,8%). Estos fueron sometidos a cocción por espacio de 3 horas, seguidamente se adicionó el edulcorante natural estevia (Stevia rebaudiana bertoni) y se baj ó el pH a 4,2. Más adelante, se envasó en botellas de 300 mi y se expuso a una pasteurización de 90° centígrados por un periodo de 15 minutos; al término del cual, las muestras fueron colocadas en un ambiente sin luz y a temperatura constante de 22° centígrados. Con el objetivo de determinar la vida útil de este emoliente se utilizó la evaluación sensorial mediante un panel semi entrenado, que estuvo integrado por 11 estudiantes del quinto año de la ESIA-UNBG; durante 10 sesiones (15 semanas) se registraron los datos correspondientes y aplicando métodos estadísticos, se estimó la vida útil en 114 días.
EVALUACIÓN DE ENZIMAS CELULOLÍTICAS BACTERIANAS AISLADAS DE LAS FUENTES TERMALES DE CALIENTES (CANDARAVE-TACNA)
Authors: Ninaja Zegarra Freddy Eddinson , Castillo Cotrina Daladier Miguel , Castellanos Cabrera Roberto
Published: June 2019

Se recolectó muestras de agua y sedimento de ocho fuentes termales de Calientes (Candarave-Tacna). Las cuales fueron incubadas a 50°C por 48 horas en medio de cultivo carboximetilcelulosa (CMC). Posteriormente, se seleccionaron las cepas con mayores halos de hidrólisis y se rotularon con el código GCB-13 y GCC-13 para someterlas a tres tratamientos de temperatura: 45°C, 50°C y 55°C. Las cepas GCB-13 y GCC-13 son bacterias Gram (+) que forman colonias blancas de 4,9 y 9,2 mm y cremas de 2,5 y 10,3 mm respectivamente. La identificación molecular de cada una de estas cepas corresponde, en el mismo orden, a Bacillus sp y Paenibacillus sp. Cada 24 horas fue monitoreada la producción de proteínas totales y azúcares reductores hasta las 96 horas. Finalmente, se llegó a los siguientes resultados: Con respecto a la producción de proteínas totales de la cepa GCB-13, no se presentó diferencias significativas a 45°C, 50°C y 55°C; caso contrario a la producción de azúcares reductores donde sí se determinó una mayor productividad a 45 °C y 50 °C. Por otro lado, la cepa GCC-13 no reveló diferencias significativas en la producción de proteínas totales y azúcares reductores; en consecuencia, para este caso en particular, se concluye que existe un rango más amplio de acción.
Potensi Endapan Pasir Besi di Daerah Grabag dan Sekitarnya Berdasarkan Data Geomagnet
Authors: Junursyah G.M. Lucki , Rahmat Wanda
Published: June 2019

The potential of iron sand in Grabag area and its surrounding, Central Java Province, is not fully known yet because it is covered by thick alluvium, so that mining activities are done unmanaged without seeing the effect of environmental damage caused. This study uses reduction to the pole and upward continuation processing and analysis for Geomagnetic data in order to spread of lateral magnetic anomalies (map) and forward modelling for vertical magnetic anomalies (2D cross-sections). Based on the dispersion of magnetic anomaly, it is known that iron sand potential in the research area is located on old alluvium deposits with depth around 60 m and young coast alluvium sedimentation with depth around of 20 m, forming a lens as sand dump or river bank, followed by lane of ancient river flow pattern with thickness reaching ±10 m. The potential area is estimated to reach 26,329,188 m² with the calculation of hypothetical reserves reaching 69,575 Ton on the southwest and 5,880, 213 Ton in the northwest of the research area. The results of this study are expected to be used as reference for further research, so that it can menage iron sand mining activities more regularly and not caused environmental damaged.Keywords: Geomagnetic, Iron Sand, Alluvium.
Perkembangan Fasies Sedimen Formasi Mamberamo Berumur Miosen Akhir-Pliosen di Cekungan Papua Utara
Authors: Mamengko David Victor , B.Sendjadja Yoga , Mulyana Budi , Panggabean Hermes , Haryanto Iyan , Lelono Eko Budi , Musu Juwita Trivianty , Panuju Panuju
Published: June 2019

North Papua Basin is a fore arc basin located in northern coastal of Papua Island. This basin filled by Middle-Upper Miocene turbidite sediment and overlied by Upper Miocene – Quarternary clastic sediment. Upper Miocene – Quaternary clastic sediments (Mamberamo Formation) composed by interbedding conglomerate, sandstone and shale as molasses deposit. A detailed stratigraphic study was performed to identify facies and its association of the Mamberamo Formation to that give a new perspective on the characteristics and development of facies succession of Lower Mamberamo Formation. Result  shows that the Lower Mamberamo Formation consists of three facies: A) cross bedding sandstone (subtidal), B) heterolothic silty shale (intra-tidal), C) carbonaceous shale (supra-tidal) deposited on Late Miocen to Plio-Pleistocene during centra range orogeny (syn-orogeny) as molasses deposits.Keywords: Fore arc basin, North Papua Basin, Mamberamo Formation, molasse deposits.
Analisis Multi Raster SRTM, Radarsat dan Landsat untuk Karakterisisasi Morfo-struktur dari Geometri Sesar di Daerah Binuang, Kalimantan Selatan
Authors: Jamal Jamal , Sulaksana Nana , Sukiyah Emi , Andriana Sendjaja Yoga
Published: June 2019

The Binuang area and its surroundings are genetically structural landforms which characterized by cuesta ridge line with curve lineaments pattern on northeast-southwest direction. Geomorphological approach were carried out to determine structural geometry of geological surface using qualitative and quantitative approach on multiple map analysis of remote sensing data. The result of quantitative analysis on elevation data are used to classify heights, slope shape and steepness, lineaments, drainage, and slope aspect. Optical images were classified to determine lithological pattern and boundaries through analysis of band ratios, decorrelation stretch, principal component, and spatial enhancement. The research area are classified into eight class of structural landforms, depicting deformations that occured in western flank of Meratus Mountains. The surface pattern indicates the influence of compressional stress, shown by fold belt with longitudinal characteristic and fault-bounded anticlines on northeast-southwest axis. The formation of main structure pattern on research area was compared with that on strike-slip fault analog model. The resulting correlation factor, R=0.932, shows that both of them are highly correlated. In conclusion, surface structure can possibly form another variation of thrusted mountain belt, such as thrust-dominated restraining bends.Keywords: landsat, SRTM, morphostructure, morphometry, rhomboidal pattern, Meratus.
Tipe Magmatik Batuan Beku Formasi Gabon di Tinggian Karangbolong, Kebumen
Authors: Ansori Chusni , A Wardhani Fitriany
Published: June 2019

Karangbolong High located in Java Southern Mountain range is dominated by volcanic rocks of Gabon Formation in the form of volcanic breccia, some intrusion bodies and lavas. Research on the type of magma at Karangbolong high has never been done. This activity is intended to know the distribution, change the type of magma and tectonic position.This research includes field sampling and laboratory work which includes petrographic analysis using polarization microscope and geochemistry analysis 4 litho ICP-WRA for major element and ICP-WRA4B2 for trace elements and REE. Results of geochemistry analysis are.plot in Total Alkali Silica (TAS) diagrams, AFM diagram , SiO2 vs FeO(t) / MgO diagram, SiO2 Vs K2O and the spider diagram.for trace elements and REE.Most of the igneous rocks at Karangbolong Region are andesite pyroxene, basaltic andesite and slightly basalt olivine. To the northward, igneous rocks are tend to more acid as reflected by the increase of SiO2, Na2O and K2O and the decreasing of MgO and Fe2O3 content. The affinity of the magma in the northern part is mostly Calc-Alkaline series (KR-18, KR-28, KR-6, KR-23) and slightly Island Arc Tholeiite as intrusion and lava at southern part (KR-33 and KR- 17). The tectonic position of rock formation resides in Island Arc Plate Margin. The Calk-alkaline magma is enriched with the light rare earth elements (LREE) compared to the Tholeiite magma, while trace element Sr, K, Rb, Ba, and Th strongly enriched in.Keywords : Karangbolong High, igneous rock, magmatic type, tectonic position
Dryobalanoxylon sp. : Silicified Fossil Wood from Lebak Regency, Banten Province, Indonesia
Authors: Oktariani Hanny , Winantris Winantris , Hamzah Amir
Published: June 2019

Abstract- Two fossil wood were discovered from  Sindangsari Village, Sajira District, Lebak Regency, Banten Province, Indonesia. They were preserved within tuffaceous rocks of the Genteng Formation in Early Pliocene age in littoral to terrestrial environment deposition. To identify mineral composition of the silicified wood, XRD analyser method was applied. Result of XRD analyses shows that both of fossil wood are Dryobalanoxylon sp. consist of quartz mineral with d value is 3.358 Å and 3.350 Å Keywords : Dryobalanoxylon, Early Pliocene, Genteng Formation, Quartz
Yrittäjyyttä akatemiaan!
Authors: Laalo Hanna , Jauhiainen Arto
Published: June 2019

Yrittäjyys on viime vuosikymmenten korkeakoulupoliittisissa mullistuksissa tunnistettu yliopistojen tehtäväksi ja niiden toimintaa ohjaavaksi periaatteeksi. Artikkelissa keskitytään ylikansallisena koulutuspoliittisena virtauksena liikkuvan yrittäjyysdiskurssin kansallisiin ja paikallisiin sovelluksiin. Siinä analysoidaan yliopistokoulutusta ohjaavien sidosryhmien ja yrittäjyysyliopistoksi profiloituneen esimerkkiyliopiston neuvottelua yrittäjyyden huomioimisesta suomalaisessa yliopistokoulutuksessa. Analyysi havainnollistaa, kuinka yrittäjyyttä edistävä poliittinen kielenkäyttö puuttuu yliopistoväen ”vääränlaiseen” asennoitumiseen ja vaatii korkeakoulutuksen roolin ja rakenteen uudelleen suuntaamista haastaen suomalaista akateemista traditiota.
Yrittäjyyden edistämisen kiperät ja kriittiset kysymykset yliopistoissa
Authors: Hytti Ulla
Published: June 2019

Sivistysyliopisto ja yrittäjyysyliopisto eivät ole vastakkaisia tavoitteita. Yrittäjyyden edistäminen yliopistoissa kestävästi edellyttää yliopistotoimijoilta kriittisyyttä ja refleksiivisyyttä.

Näkökulmateksti perustuu Suomen Akatemian projektiin numero 295 960.
Yli punaisen virran
Authors: Viren Eetu
Published: June 2019

Nykyajan yrittäjä on yksinyrittäjä, joka tavoittelee vapautta, mahdollisuutta tehdä työnsä kunnolla ja järjestää elämänsä itsenäisesti. Työn tekeminen muun kuin taloudellisen hyödyn vuoksi ajaa kuitenkin yrittäjän taloudellisesti tukalaan tilanteeseen. Prekaarin yrittäjätyöläisen auttaa pinteestä vain se, että muutetaan kollektiivisesti yhteiskunnallisen toiminnan ehtoja ja valtasuhteita.
FAKTOR PREDISPOSISI DAN PRESIPITASI BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEKAMBUHAN PASIEN GANGGUAN JIWA DI PUSKESMAS PEGANG PANTI PASAMAN TAHUN 2017
Authors: Ovari Isna , Ikhwan Muhammad
Published: June 2019

Mental disorder is syndrome or pattern of behavior or psikologik one is enought meaningful clinic and typical pertaining to asymptom or disruption in one or morefunction the importance of man. A recurrence disease usually caused by the it relapse patients treatment. Research aimsto understand what is the relationship betweeen factors predisposing, precipitation by relapse mental disorder patients in Kenagarian Pegang Baru Panti Pasaman.  Research has done April in 2017, a design study descriptive shaped analytic with and the number of respondents the 55. The  statistic used is chi square on the meaning 0,05. The result showed more  than half of respondents mental disorder the faktor predisposing dominate the 65,5 %. And the  more than  half of respondents mental disorder the faktor precipitation that is not dominant 52,7 %. More than half of  respondents mental disorder experienced a recurrence namely 52,7%. So conclusion of this research is there was a correlation between factors predisposing by a relapseiomental disorder patients with the p = 0,036. And there was a correlation factors precipitation by a relapse mental disorder patients with the p = 0,042. Based on the results of abovein suggest to nurses mental health in community to do home visit who regular and give routine activity for patients to a recurrence diseases could continue to sent down.
HUBUNGAN KARAKTERISTIK PERAWAT DENGAN PEMAHAMAN PENERAPAN RESUSITASI JANTUNG PARU (RJP) DI RUANGAN IGD DAN ICU RSUD DR. ACHMAD MOCHTAR BUKITTINGGI TAHUN 2017
Authors: Yuliano Aldo , Herlindawati Misye , Suryati Ida
Published: June 2019

Cases of coronary heart disease are increasing in developed and developing countries and it is estimated that by 2020 cases of coronary heart disease have reached 82 million cases. More than 60% of coronary heart disease burden globally occurs in developing countries. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship Understanding Application Characteristics Nurse With Cardiac Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) in the ER and ICU hospital room Dr.Achmad Mochtar Bukittinggi Year 2017. This research method used descriptive analytic study designs Correlation approach, then the data is processed by using Chi Square test. The sample in this study as many as 33 people responden. Obtained statistical test p value = 0.014 (p <α), it can be concluded the Relationship Age Nurse With Application Understanding Cardiac Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR), the value of p value = 0.003 (p <α ), It can be concluded that there is a relationship of Nurses education with the understanding of Implementation of Pulmonary Heart Resuscitation (RJP), obtained p value = 0,031 (p <α) it can be concluded the existence of work relationship Nurses With Understanding Implementation of Pulmonary Heart Resuscitation (RJP) value = 0.010 (p <α), it can be concluded their tenure gender relations nurse With Application understanding Cardiac Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR). Suggestion in this research is The result of this research can be picture in improving health service especially in application of Lung Heart Resuscitation (RJP).
ANALISIS LAMA WAKTU PELAYANAN LABORATORIUM DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM DAERAH PASAMAN BARAT
Authors: Rosita Betti , Khairani Ulfa
Published: June 2019

Hospital laboratory services is one of the activities in hospitals that support quality health services. One indicator of the success of health services in the field of clinical pathology laboratory services is the waiting time for laboratory services. The standard set for laboratory service outcome waiting time is ≤ 140 minutes for blood chemistry and routine blood. This research analyzed the service time of outpatient laboratory that conducted hematology and clinical chemistry examination in the laboratory of Pasaman Barat Hospital. This research is a type of descriptive analytic research that is quantitative and supported by qualitative using cross sectional approach. The result of the research showed that laboratory service time at RSUD Pasaman Barat fulfilled the standard (≤ 140 minutes) for hematology examination 33.94 minutes, clinical chemistry 83.92 minutes, hematology and clinical chemistry 98 minutes. Based on the results of this study, the stages that contribute to the length of time laboratory services for hematological examination lies in the pre analytical stage, for clinical chemistry examination is located at the analytical stage, as well as for hematology and clinical chemistry examination lies in the analytic stage as well as the factors that affect the length of time laboratory services are human resources that is in the ability of officers and infrastructure facilities
HUBUNGAN MEKANISME KOPING DENGAN RESIKO TERJADINYA DEPRESI PADA KORBAN PASCA BENCANA KEBAKARAN TOKO DI PASAR ATAS KOTA BUKITTINGGI TAHUN 2018
Authors: Yunere Falerisiska , Sari Yuli Permata , Tusadiah Halimah
Published: June 2019

From the Word Health Organization data (WHO, 2016) shows that the number of people with mental disorders in Indonesia at this time is reaching about 236 million people with the category of mild mental disorder 6% of the population and 0.17% suffer from severe mental disorders, 14.3% experiencing disruption of the stove. 60 million people are exposed to bipolar, and 47.5 million people are affected by dementia and the incidence of depression is quite high almost more than 350 million people of the world suffer from depression and is a disease with the 4th rank in the world.The purpose of this study is to know how the Relationship Mechanism Koping With Risk of Depression in the Post Disaster Fire Disaster in pasar atas kota Bukittinggi  Year 2018. This research method using descriptive analytic method with cross sectional design approach, then data processed by using Chi Square test. The sample in this research is 123 respondents. Based on the result of the research, it was found that more than half (64) 52,0% of post-disaster victims of shop fire in the city of Bukittinggi using mammaptif coping mechanism, and from the research also got result that more than half of 87 (70,0%) people are at risk of depression.The result of statistic test is obtained p value of valeu = 0,004 and OR= 0,282 (p <α) that there is a Relationship Mechanism Koping With Risk of Depression in Post Disaster Fire Disaster in pasar atas kotaBukittinggi Year 2018. So in this study can be concluded that there is a relationship between coping mechanism with the risk of depression. From this research is suggested for further researcher to know about the factors related to coping mechanism with risk of depression with more population.
Coleridge's Humour in The Watchman
Authors: Norman Daniel
Published: June 2019

This essay seeks to challenge Coleridge's (and some subsequent critics') retrospective accounts of the glib naivety of The Watchman's humour, by arguing that his jokes reveal a careful and considered approach to the dissemination of his ideas. It identifies several types of humour employed within the work, examining both the articles Coleridge himself contributed, and the manner in which he arranged the contributions of others. Such an examination is only possible in full view of the contemporary periodical context, to which Coleridge is quite clearly responding. By adapting, and at times undermining, the forms of humour popular amongst the readerships of other periodicals, Coleridge's own jokes reveal his pervasive attention to his relationship with his audience. The Watchman consistently wrong-foots its reader with its subtle and provocative wit, and in so doing it displays a conception of the function and purpose of humour that Coleridge would gradually refine in the years to come.
The Harvard Manuscript of Keats's ‘On First Looking into Chapman's Homer’, Joseph Severn, Leigh Hunt, and its Transmission into Print
Authors: Barnard John
Published: June 2019

The recent discovery that Harvard's manuscript of ‘On First Looking into Chapman's Homer’ was in Joseph Severn's possession at his death questions the usual assumption that it was probably the manuscript Keats sent to Cowden Clarke. It further prompts a fresh consideration of the sonnet's manuscript circulation and Leigh Hunt's role in its transmission into print
Scrapped Sentiment: Letitia Landon and Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap-Book, 1832–1837
Authors: Cope Jonas
Published: June 2019

This essay examines several ‘companion poems’ that Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) wrote for the literary annual Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap-Book between 1832 and 1838. Each of these poems was designed to ‘complement’ the visual content of an engraving with which the poem was paired. Most of the poems are written in the first person. The ‘I’ that speaks each one seems motivated by a particular set of ideological allegiances that clash with the apparent ideological allegiances of other ‘I's. No attempt is made to account for the discrepancies. I argue that the companion poems ultimately showcase the unsettling resemblance between moral convictions and commodities. The net effect is that the annual implies – in the words of Dickens's villainous character James Harthouse – that ‘any set of ideas will do just as much good as any other set, and just as much harm as any other set’.
Role of Vitamin D Status in Diabetic Patients with Renal Disease
Authors: Gembillo Guido , Cernaro Valeria , Salvo Antonino , Siligato Rossella , Laudani Alfredo , Buemi Michele , Santoro Domenico
Published: June 2019

Diabetes mellitus (DM) poses a major public health problem worldwide, with ever-increasing incidence and prevalence in recent years. The Institute for Alternative Futures (IAF) expects that the total number of people with type 1 and type 2 DM in the United States will increase by 54%, from 19,629,000 to 54,913,000 people, between 2015 and 2030. Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) affects about one-third of patients with DM and currently ranks as the first cause of end-stage kidney disease in the Western world. The complexity of interactions of Vitamin D is directly related with progressive long-term changes implicated in the worsening of renal function. These changes result in a dysregulation of the vitamin D-dependent pathways. Various studies demonstrated a pivotal role of Vitamin D supplementation in regression of albuminuria and glomerulosclerosis, contrasting the increase of glomerular basement membrane thickening and podocyte effacement, with better renal and cardiovascular outcomes. The homeostasis and regulation of the nephron’s function are absolutely dependent from the cross-talk between endothelium and podocytes. Even if growing evidence proves that vitamin D may have antiproteinuric, anti-inflammatory and renoprotective effects in patients with DN, it is still worth investigating these aspects with both more in vitro studies and randomized controlled trials in larger patient series and with adequate follow-up to confirm the effects of long-term vitamin D analogue supplementation in DN and to evaluate the effectiveness of this therapy and the appropriate dosage.
Comparison of the Phytochemical Composition of Serenoa repens Extracts by a Multiplexed Metabolomic Approach
Authors: Marti Guillaume , Joulia Philippe , Amiel Aurélien , Fabre Bernard , David Bruno , Fabre Nicolas , Fiorini-Puybaret Christel
Published: June 2019

Phytochemical extracts are highly complex chemical mixtures. In the context of an increasing demand for phytopharmaceuticals, assessment of the phytochemical equivalence of extraction procedures is of utmost importance. Compared to routine analytical methods, comprehensive metabolite profiling has pushed forward the concept of phytochemical equivalence. In this study, an untargeted metabolomic approach was used to cross-compare four marketed extracts from Serenoa repens obtained with three different extraction processes: ethanolic, hexanic and sCO2 (supercritical carbon dioxide). Our approach involved a biphasic extraction of native compounds followed by liquid chromatography coupled to a high-resolution mass spectrometry based metabolomic workflow. Our results showed significant differences in the contents of major and minor compounds according to the extraction solvent used. The analyses showed that ethanolic extracts were supplemented in phosphoglycerides and polyphenols, hexanic extracts had higher amounts of free fatty acids and minor compounds, and sCO2 samples contained more glycerides. The discriminant model in this study could predict the extraction solvent used in commercial samples and highlighted the specific biomarkers of each process. This metabolomic survey allowed the authors to assess the phytochemical content of extracts and finished products of S. repens and unequivocally established that sCO2, hexanic and ethanolic extracts are not chemically equivalent and are therefore unlikely to be pharmacologically equivalent.