bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Autophagy as a decisive process for cell death
Authors: Jung Seonghee , Jeong Hyeonjeong , Yu Seong-Woon
Published: June 2020

Autophagy is an intracellular catabolic pathway in which cellular constituents are engulfed by autophagosomes and degraded upon autophagosome fusion with lysosomes. Autophagy serves as a major cytoprotective process by maintaining cellular homeostasis and recycling cytoplasmic contents. However, emerging evidence suggests that autophagy is a primary mechanism of cell death (autophagic cell death, ACD) and implicates ACD in several aspects of mammalian physiology, including tumor suppression and psychological disorders. However, little is known about the physiological roles and molecular mechanisms of ACD. In this review, we document examples of ACD and discuss recent progress in our understanding of its molecular mechanisms.
Identification of the SRC-family tyrosine kinase HCK as a therapeutic target in mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Lantermans Hildo C. , Minderman Marthe , Kuil Annemieke , Kersten Marie-José , Pals Steven T. , Spaargaren Marcel
Published: June 2020

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtype arising from naïve B cells. Although novel therapeutics have improved patient prognosis, drug resistance remains a key problem. Here, we show that the SRC-family tyrosine kinase hematopoietic cell kinase (HCK), which is primarily expressed in the hematopoietic lineage but not in mature B cells, is aberrantly expressed in MCL, and that high expression of HCK is associated with inferior prognosis of MCL patients. HCK expression is controlled by the toll-like receptor (TLR) adaptor protein MYD88 and can be enhanced by TLR agonists in MCL cell lines and primary MCL. In line with this, primary MCL with high HCK expression are enriched for a TLR-signaling pathway gene set. Silencing of HCK expression results in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Furthermore, HCK controls integrin-mediated adhesion of MCL cells to extracellular matrix and stromal cells. Taken together, our data indicate that TLR/MYD88-controlled aberrant expression of HCK plays a critical role in MCL proliferation and survival as well as in retention of the malignant cells in the growth- and survival-supporting lymphoid organ microenvironment, thereby contributing to lymphomagenesis. These novel insights provide a strong rationale for therapeutic targeting of HCK in MCL.
Amyloid-beta modulates the association between neurofilament light chain and brain atrophy in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Kang Min Su , Aliaga Arturo Aliaga , Shin Monica , Mathotaarachchi Sulantha , Benedet Andrea L. , Pascoal Tharick A. , Therriault Joseph , Chamoun Mira , Savard Melissa , Devenyi Gabriel A. , Mathieu Axel , Chakravarty M. Mallar , Sandelius Åsa , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Soucy Jean-Paul , Cuello A. Claudio , Massarweh Gassan , Gauthier Serge , Rosa-Neto Pedro ,   Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: June 2020

Neurofilament light chain (NFL) measurement has been gaining strong support as a clinically useful neuronal injury biomarker for various neurodegenerative conditions. However, in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), its reflection on regional neuronal injury in the context of amyloid pathology remains unclear. This study included 83 cognitively normal (CN), 160 mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 73 AD subjects who were further classified based on amyloid-beta (Aβ) status as positive or negative (Aβ+ vs Aβ−). In addition, 13 rats (5 wild type and 8 McGill-R-Thy1-APP transgenic (Tg)) were examined. In the clinical study, reduced precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex and hippocampal grey matter density were significantly associated with increased NFL concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or plasma in MCI Aβ+ and AD Aβ+. Moreover, AD Aβ+ showed a significant association between the reduced grey matter density in the AD-vulnerable regions and increased NFL concentrations in CSF or plasma. Congruently, Tg rats recapitulated and validated the association between CSF NFL and grey matter density in the parietotemporal cortex, entorhinal cortex, and hippocampus in the presence of amyloid pathology. In conclusion, reduced grey matter density and elevated NFL concentrations in CSF and plasma are associated in AD-vulnerable regions in the presence of amyloid positivity in the AD clinical spectrum and amyloid Tg rat model. These findings further support the NFL as a neuronal injury biomarker in the research framework of AD biomarker classification and for the evaluation of therapeutic efficacy in clinical trials.
Antibiotic prophylaxis for implant placement: a systematic review of effects on reduction of implant failure
Authors: Kim Andy , Abdelhay Nancy , Levin Liran , Walters John D. , Gibson Monica P.
Published: June 2020

Introduction Despite excellent reviews in the past several years, the use of antibiotics as prophylaxis for implant placement remains controversial.

Aim To assess the literature on the efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics prescribed prior to and immediately following implant surgery (PIFS).

Outcomes Whether administration of antibiotics reduced implant failure and post-operative complications.

Design Databases searched were PubMed and Medline via Ovid (1946 to February 2018), Cochrane Library (Wiley) and Google Scholar.

Materials and methods Quality assessment, meta-analysis with a forest plot and incorporated assessment of heterogeneity. A two-tailed paired t-test was performed, analysing differences in mean failure rates between groups.

Results Fourteen publications were collected; 5,334 implants were placed with pre-operative antibiotics, 82 implants with antibiotics PIFS and 3,862 placed with no antibiotics. The overall risk ratio (RR) was 0.47 (95% CI 0.39-0.58), with the implant failure rates significantly affected by pre-operative intervention (Z = 7.00, P <0.00001). The number needed to treat (NNT) was 35 (95% CI 26.3-48.2). The difference between mean failure rates was statistically significant (P = 0.0335).

Conclusion Administering prophylactic antibiotics reduced the risk of implant failures. Further investigations are recommended to establish a standardised protocol for the proper use of antibiotic regimen.
Large-scale metabolic interaction network of the mouse and human gut microbiota
Authors: Lim Roktaek , Cabatbat Josephine Jill T. , Martin Thomas L. P. , Kim Haneul , Kim Seunghyeon , Sung Jaeyun , Ghim Cheol-Min , Kim Pan-Jun
Published: June 2020

The role of our gut microbiota in health and disease is largely attributed to the collective metabolic activities of the inhabitant microbes. A system-level framework of the microbial community structure, mediated through metabolite transport, would provide important insights into the complex microbe-microbe and host-microbe chemical interactions. This framework, if adaptable to both mouse and human systems, would be useful for mechanistic interpretations of the vast amounts of experimental data from gut microbiomes in murine animal models, whether humanized or not. Here, we constructed a literature-curated, interspecies network of the mammalian gut microbiota for mouse and human hosts, called NJC19. This network is an extensive data resource, encompassing 838 microbial species (766 bacteria, 53 archaea, and 19 eukaryotes) and 6 host cell types, interacting through 8,224 small-molecule transport and macromolecule degradation events. Moreover, we compiled 912 negative associations between organisms and metabolic compounds that are not transportable or degradable by those organisms. Our network may facilitate experimental and computational endeavors for the mechanistic investigations of host-associated microbial communities.
CONY: A Bayesian procedure for detecting copy number variations from sequencing read depths
Authors: Wei Yu-Chung , Huang Guan-Hua
Published: June 2020

Copy number variations (CNVs) are genomic structural mutations consisting of abnormal numbers of fragment copies. Next-generation sequencing of read-depth signals mirrors these variants. Some tools used to predict CNVs by depth have been published, but most of these tools can be applied to only a specific data type due to modeling limitations. We develop a tool for copy number variation detection by a Bayesian procedure, i.e., CONY, that adopts a Bayesian hierarchical model and an efficient reversible-jump Markov chain Monte Carlo inference algorithm for whole genome sequencing of read-depth data. CONY can be applied not only to individual samples for estimating the absolute number of copies but also to case-control pairs for detecting patient-specific variations. We evaluate the performance of CONY and compare CONY with competing approaches through simulations and by using experimental data from the 1000 Genomes Project. CONY outperforms the other methods in terms of accuracy in both single-sample and paired-samples analyses. In addition, CONY performs well regardless of whether the data coverage is high or low. CONY is useful for detecting both absolute and relative CNVs from read-depth data sequences. The package is available at https://github.com/weiyuchung/CONY.
Noise-induced switching from a symmetry-protected shallow metastable state
Authors: Tadokoro Yukihiro , Tanaka Hiroya , Dykman M. I.
Published: June 2020

We consider escape from a metastable state of a nonlinear oscillator driven close to triple its eigenfrequency. The oscillator can have three stable states of period-3 vibrations and a zero-amplitude state. Because of the symmetry of period-tripling, the zero-amplitude state remains stable as the driving increases. However, it becomes shallow in the sense that the rate of escape from this state exponentially increases, while the system still lacks detailed balance. We find the escape rate and show how it scales with the parameters of the oscillator and the driving. The results facilitate using nanomechanical, Josephson-junction based, and other mesoscopic vibrational systems for studying, in a well-controlled setting, the rates of rare events in systems lacking detailed balance. They also describe how fluctuations spontaneously break the time-translation symmetry of a driven oscillator.
The seed water content as a time-independent physiological trait during germination in wild tree species such as Ceiba aesculifolia
Authors: Gómez-Maqueo Ximena , Soriano Diana , Velázquez-Rosas Noé , Alvarado-López Sandra , Jiménez-Durán Karina , Garciadiego María del Mar , Gamboa-deBuen Alicia
Published: June 2020

Seeds constitute a key physiological stage in plants life cycle. During seed germination, there is a spatial-temporal imbibition pattern that correlates with described physiological processes. However, only the moment of testa rupture has been described as a critical, discrete stage. Could a specific relative water content (RWC) value reflect a physiological stage useful for comparisons between seed batches? We tracked seed-by-seed imbibition during germination to homogenize sampling and selected a transcriptomic approach to analyse the physiological transitions that occur in seed batches collected in different years and with contrasting phenotypic responses to a priming treatment. The seed RWC reflected the transcriptional transitions that occur during germination, regardless of imbibition time or collection year, and revealed a set of biological processes that occur in the dry seed and during early germination are associated with the phenotypic response to priming. As climate shifts, so do the timing of developmental events important for determining organismal fitness, and poses another challenge to the comprehension of molecular and physiological processes driving the interaction between organisms and environment. In this study, we demonstrate that the use of physiological traits, specific to a particular developmental stage, is a reliable time-independent approach.
Substrate Channeling via a Transient Protein-Protein Complex: The case of D-Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase and L-Lactate Dehydrogenase
Authors: Svedružić Željko M. , Odorčić Ivica , Chang Christopher H. , Svedružić Draženka
Published: June 2020

Substrate channeling studies have frequently failed to provide conclusive results due to poor understanding of this subtle phenomenon. We analyzed the mechanism of NADH-channeling from D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) to L-lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) using enzymes from different cells. Enzyme kinetics studies showed that LDH activity with free NADH and GAPDH-NADH complex always take place in parallel. The channeling is observed only in assays that mimic cytosolic conditions where free NADH concentration is negligible and the GAPDH-NADH complex is dominant. Molecular dynamics and protein-protein interaction studies showed that LDH and GAPDH can form a leaky channeling complex only at the limiting NADH concentrations. Surface calculations showed that positive electric field between the NAD(H) binding sites on LDH and GAPDH tetramers can merge in the LDH-GAPDH complex. NAD(H)-channeling within the LDH-GAPDH complex can be an extension of NAD(H)-channeling within each tetramer. In the case of a transient LDH-(GAPDH-NADH) complex, the relative contribution from the channeled and the diffusive paths depends on the overlap between the off-rates for the LDH-(GAPDH-NADH) complex and the GAPDH-NADH complex. Molecular evolution or metabolic engineering protocols can exploit substrate channeling for metabolic flux control by fine-tuning substrate-binding affinity for the key enzymes in the competing reaction paths.
Hydroxamic acid derivatives as HDAC1, HDAC6 and HDAC8 inhibitors with antiproliferative activity in cancer cell lines
Authors: Sixto-López Yudibeth , Gómez-Vidal José Antonio , de Pedro Nuria , Bello Martiniano , Rosales-Hernández Martha Cecilia , Correa-Basurto José
Published: June 2020

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) belong to a family of enzymes that remove acetyl groups from the ɛ-amino of histone and nonhistone proteins. Additionally, HDACs participate in the genesis and development of cancer diseases as promising therapeutic targets to treat cancer. Therefore, in this work, we designed and evaluated a set of hydroxamic acid derivatives that contain a hydrophobic moiety as antiproliferative HDAC inhibitors. For the chemical structure design, in silico tools (molecular docking, molecular dynamic (MD) simulations, ADME/Tox properties were used to target Zn2+ atoms and HDAC hydrophobic cavities. The most promising compounds were assayed in different cancer cell lines, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), pancreatic cancer (MIA PaCa-2), breast cancer (MCF-7 and HCC1954), renal cancer (RCC4-VHL and RCC4-VA) and neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y). Molecular docking and MD simulations coupled to the MMGBSA approach showed that the target compounds have affinity for HDAC1, HDAC6 and HDAC8. Of all the compounds evaluated, YSL-109 showed the best activity against hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2 cell line, IC50 = 3.39 µM), breast cancer (MCF-7 cell line, IC50 = 3.41 µM; HCC1954 cell line, IC50 = 3.41 µM) and neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y cell line, IC50 = 6.42 µM). In vitro inhibition assays of compound YSL-109 against the HDACs showed IC50 values of 259.439 µM for HDAC1, 0.537 nM for HDAC6 and 2.24 µM for HDAC8.
Prevalence of cervical anterior and posterior spondylolisthesis and its association with degenerative cervical myelopathy in a general population
Authors: Murakami Kimihide , Nagata Keiji , Hashizume Hiroshi , Oka Hiroyuki , Muraki Shigeyuki , Ishimoto Yuyu , Yoshida Munehito , Tanaka Sakae , Minamide Akihito , Nakagawa Yukihiro , Yoshimura Noriko , Yamada Hiroshi
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of cervical spondylolisthesis according to age and vertebral level and its association with degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM). This study included 959 participants (319 men and 640 women; mean age, 66.4 years) in the Wakayama Spine Study from 2008 to 2010. The outcome measures were cervical spinal canal (CSC) diameter at C5 level on plain radiographs, the degree of cervical spondylosis using the Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grade, cervical cord compression on sagittal T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, and physical signs related to DCM. The prevalence of cervical anterior and posterior spondylolisthesis was investigated in men and women by age. In addition, logistic regression analysis determined the association between CSC diameter, posterior spondylolisthesis, and clinical DCM after overall adjustment for age, sex, and body mass index. The prevalence of anterior spondylolisthesis was 6.0% in men and 6.3% in women, and that of posterior spondylolisthesis was 13.2% and 8.9%, respectively. In addition, posterior spondylolisthesis prevalence increased with age in both sexes. Logistic regression analysis revealed that developmental canal stenosis (≤13 mm) and cervical posterior spondylolisthesis are independent significant predictive factors for DCM. The prevalence of degenerative cervical posterior spondylolisthesis was increasing with age and more frequent in men than in women. Narrow canal and degenerative cervical posterior spondylolisthesis on X-ray may be useful in predicting or diagnosing DCM.
Development of Label-Free Impedimetric Immunosensors for IKZF1 and IKZF3 Femtomolar Detection for Monitoring Multiple Myeloma Patients Treated with Lenalidomide
Authors: Abdulkarim Haya , Zourob Mohammed , Siaj Mohamed
Published: June 2020

Lenalidomide is an immunomodulatory drug (IMiD) used to treat multiple myeloma (MM) patients. Lenalidomide destroys MM cells by inducing ubiquitination and the consequent degradation of Ikaros family zinc finger proteins 1 and 3 (IKZF1 and IKZF3). High expression of IKZF1 and IKZF3 in MM results in less sensitivity to lenalidomide treatment and possible cytotoxic effect. Therefore, detecting the expression of IKZF1 and IKZF3 proteins is of utmost importance in the treatment of MM. Here, we report the fabrication of a novel label-free electrochemical immunosensor for the rapid detection and quantification of IKZF1 and IKZF3 using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Gold electrodes were used to fabricate the immunosensors by immobilizing IKZF1 and IKZF3 specific antibodies using cysteamine and PDITC crosslinkers. The immunosensors were able to detect IKZF1 and IKZF3 protein levels with respective low detection limits of 0.68 and 0.97 pg/ml (11.8 and 16.7 fM). Furthermore, the immunosensors’ successful application in human serum and their high selectivity and sensitivity enables their possible application in other biofluids as simple point-of-care devices for monitoring multiple myeloma patients treated with lenalidomide, to prevent the drug’s cytotoxicity and minimize its side effects.
Immobilization of FGF on Poly(xylitol dodecanedioic Acid) Polymer for Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Firoozi Negar , Kang Yunqing
Published: June 2020

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) plays a vital role in the repair and regeneration of most tissues. However, its low stability, short half-life, and rapid inactivation by enzymes in physiological conditions affect their clinical applications. Therefore, to increase the effectiveness of growth factors and to improve tissue regeneration, we developed an elastic polymeric material poly(xylitol dodecanedioic acid) (PXDDA) and loaded FGF on the PXDDA for sustained drug delivery. In this study, we used a simple dopamine coating method to load FGF on the surface of PXDDA polymeric films. The polydopamine-coated FGF-loaded PXDDA samples were then characterized using FTIR and XRD. The in vitro drug release profile of FGF from PXDDA film and cell growth behavior were measured. Results showed that the polydopamine layer coated on the surface of the PXDDA film enhanced the immobilization of FGF and controlled its sustained release. Human fibroblast cells attachment and proliferation on FGF-immobilized PXDDA films were much higher than the other groups without coatings or FGF loading. Based on our results, the surface modification procedure with immobilizing growth factors shows excellent application potential in tissue regeneration.
Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) determination of cantharidin in biological specimens and application to postmortem interval estimation in cantharidin poisoning
Authors: Zhang Youyou , Liu Liang , Ren Liang
Published: June 2020

A rapid, sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the determination and quantification of cantharidin in rats liver and kidney. After grinding with methanol, the supernatant was determined by LC-MS/MS using an Thermo Accucore C18 column (100 mm×2.1 mm, 2.6 μm) with a gradient elution of 0.1% formic acid and 0.1% acetonitrile, and in the subsequent analysis using selected reaction monitoring mode, three ion transitions were monitored for analyte. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.741 ng/ml and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 2.471 ng/ml. Good linearity (R2 = 0.9998) was observed for the analyte over the linear range (5–400 ng/ml). The LC-MS/MS method was applied to the analysis of rats liver and kidney in different postmortem intervals (6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 168 h after death) after a single dose (4 mg/kg) of cantharidin administration by gavage. At 72 h after death, the cantharidin concentration in livers and kidneys were significantly higher than that in other postmortem intervals. Linear regression equations between postmortem interval and lg postmortem cantharidin concentration in rats liver and kidney were Y = 0.007455*X + 1.332(R2 = 0.863) and Y = 0.002689*X + 1.433 (R2 = 0.115) respectively. The animal experiment demonstrated LC-MS/MS method can be used to determine the postmortem cantharidin concentration in rats liver and kidney and the determination of cantharidin in the rats liver after death has potential value for postmortem interval estimation in cantharidin poisoning.
Clay minerals as a source of cadmium to estuaries
Authors: Hao Weiduo , Kashiwabara Teruhiko , Jin Rong , Takahashi Yoshio , Gingras Murray , Alessi Daniel S. , Konhauser Kurt O.
Published: June 2020

Given the high surface reactivity of clay minerals, it is assumed that flocculation will lead to metal accumulation in marginal marine settings. However, the degree of metal sorption to clays is impacted by solution pH and ionic strength, and it remains unknown whether riverine clays indeed serve as a metal sink once they encounter seawater where pH and ionic strength markedly increase. Here, we conducted cadmium (Cd) adsorption experiments to three types of common clay minerals – kaolinite, illite and montmorillonite. We found that 20–30% of Cd from illite and montmorillonite surfaces were desorbed when transitioning from freshwater to seawater pH and ionic strength conditions, while kaolinite showed no discernible differences. Synchrotron X-ray adsorption spectroscopy confirmed that Cd release corresponded to a change in bonding from outer- to inner-sphere complexes when clays encountered seawater pH and ionic strength conditions. If other trace nutrients (such as Cu, Zn, Co) adsorbed onto riverine clay minerals behave in a similar manner to Cd, we speculate that their desorption in marginal marine settings should exert a significant impact on the productivity of the biosphere.
Abscisic acid enriched fig extract promotes insulin sensitivity by decreasing systemic inflammation and activating LANCL2 in skeletal muscle
Authors: Leber Andrew , Hontecillas Raquel , Tubau-Juni Nuria , Zoccoli-Rodriguez Victoria , Goodpaster Bret , Bassaganya-Riera Josep
Published: June 2020

Abscisic acid is a phytohormone found in fruits and vegetables and is endogenously produced in mammals. In humans and mice, lanthionine synthetase C-like 2 (LANCL2) has been characterized as the natural receptor for ABA. Herein, we characterize the efficacy of a fig fruit extract of ABA in promoting glycemic control. This ABA-enriched extract, at 0.125 µg ABA/kg body weight, improves glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and fasting blood glucose in diet-induced obesity (DIO) and db/db mouse models. In addition to decreasing systemic inflammation and providing glycemic control without increasing insulin, ABA extract modulates the metabolic activity of muscle. ABA increases expression of important glycogen synthase, glucose, fatty acid and mitochondrial metabolism genes and increases direct measures of fatty acid oxidation, glucose oxidation and metabolic flexibility in soleus muscle cells from ABA-treated mice with DIO. Glycolytic and mitochondrial ATP production were increased in ABA-treated human myotubes. Further, ABA synergized with insulin to dramatically increase the rate of glycogen synthesis. The loss of LANCL2 in skeletal muscle abrogated the effect of ABA extract in the DIO model and increased fasting blood glucose levels. This data further supports the clinical development of ABA in the treatment of pre-diabetes, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome.
Effect of nitrogen (N) deposition on soil-N processes: a holistic approach
Authors: Verma Preeti , Sagar R.
Published: June 2020

Nitrogen (N) deposition is a serious environmental issue for soil fertility and human wellbeing. Studies on various terrestrial ecosystems yielded fragmented information on soil-N status (microbial biomass- and mineral-N) and dynamics (N-mineralization and -leaching) whereas the holistic view on this issue is relatively unknown. A complete understanding of soil-N status and dynamics in response to N deposition is essential for sustainable management of ecosystem structure and function as needed for human wellbeing. Therefore, we conducted an experiment in the N-limited tropical grassland to explore the question whether N-deposition weakens the soil-N status and dynamics; if yes, then what could be the optimum amount of deposited N and the related controlling mechanism? We undertook a 3-year (2013–2016) experimental N fertilization (control, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 kg N ha−1 year−1) study (using urea as a source of N deposition). The data from a total of 72, 1 × 1 m plots (six treatments with 12 replicates) were collected and properly analysed with statistical software. N deposition caused significant differences in the parameters of soil-N status and dynamics. The responses of microbial biomass-N, N-mineralization, and mineral-N to the N deposition were quadratic (maximum values were in N90) whereas N-leaching showed a linear response. Compared to control, N deposition (30–150 kg N) consistently enhanced (29–96%) leaching of N. As a mechanism, acidification induced aluminium toxicity, carbon to nitrogen ratio and litter decomposition governed the soil-N status and dynamics. N deposition over and above 90 kg ha−1 year−1 resulted in a negative feedback to soil N transformation and availability. Hence, N deposition below 90 kg ha−1 year−1 could be a limit for the sustainable functioning of the tropical or similar grasslands.
Validation of bifurcation DEFINITION criteria and comparison of stenting strategies in true left main bifurcation lesions
Authors: Wang Juan , Guan Changdong , Chen Jue , Dou Kefei , Tang Yida , Yang Weixian , Shi Yanpu , Hu Fenghuan , Song Lei , Yuan Jiansong , Cui Jingang , Zhang Min , Hou Shuang , Wu Yongjian , Yang Yuejin , Qiao Shubin , Xu Bo
Published: June 2020

There are controversies on optimal stenting strategy regarding true left main (LM) bifurcation lesions. The present study compared 1- and 2-stenting strategy for patients with true LM bifurcation lesions as differentiated by DEFINITION criteria. 928 patients with true LM bifurcation lesions (Medina 1,1,1 or 0,1,1) treated with DES were enrolled consecutively. 297 (32.0%) patients were identified as complex LM bifurcation, and 631 (68.0%) patients into simple LM bifurcation group according to DEFINTION criteria. Patients in complex vs. simple LM bifurcation group had significantly higher major adverse cardiac event (MACE, including cardiac death, myocardial infarction [MI] and ischemia-driven target vessel revascularization) rate at 30 days (7.8% vs. 4.0%, p = 0.01), 1 year (10.3% vs. 6.4%, p = 0.04), and numerically at 3 years (14.2% vs. 10.1%, p = 0.07), which was mainly driven by increased MI. Moreover, patients in the 2-stent strategy group had strong trend towards lower incidence of cardiac death in both complex LM bifurcation group (2.0% vs. 5.9%, p = 0.08) and simple LM bifurcation group (1.9% vs. 4.5%, p = 0.07). In conclusion, the complex bifurcation lesion criteria established in DEFINITION study was able to risk-stratify LM bifurcation patients. Two-stent technique yielded numerically lower 3-year cardiac mortality regardless of LM bifurcation complexity.
Machine learning analysis identifies genes differentiating triple negative breast cancers
Authors: Kothari Charu , Osseni Mazid Abiodoun , Agbo Lynda , Ouellette Geneviève , Déraspe Maxime , Laviolette François , Corbeil Jacques , Lambert Jean-Philippe , Diorio Caroline , Durocher Francine
Published: June 2020

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most aggressive form of breast cancer (BC) with the highest mortality due to high rate of relapse, resistance, and lack of an effective treatment. Various molecular approaches have been used to target TNBC but with little success. Here, using machine learning algorithms, we analyzed the available BC data from the Cancer Genome Atlas Network (TCGA) and have identified two potential genes, TBC1D9 (TBC1 domain family member 9) and MFGE8 (Milk Fat Globule-EGF Factor 8 Protein), that could successfully differentiate TNBC from non-TNBC, irrespective of their heterogeneity. TBC1D9 is under-expressed in TNBC as compared to non-TNBC patients, while MFGE8 is over-expressed. Overexpression of TBC1D9 has a better prognosis whereas overexpression of MFGE8 correlates with a poor prognosis. Protein–protein interaction analysis by affinity purification mass spectrometry (AP-MS) and proximity biotinylation (BioID) experiments identified a role for TBC1D9 in maintaining cellular integrity, whereas MFGE8 would be involved in various tumor survival processes. These promising genes could serve as biomarkers for TNBC and deserve further investigation as they have the potential to be developed as therapeutic targets for TNBC.
Three dimensional printed degradable and conductive polymer scaffolds promote chondrogenic differentiation of chondroprogenitor cells
Authors: Prasopthum Aruna , Deng Zexing , Khan Ilyas M. , Yin Zhanhai , Guo Baolin , Yang Jing
Published: June 2020

We report a conductive and biodegradable 3D printed polymer scaffold that promotes chondrogenic differentiation of chondroprogenitor cells. The conductive material consists of tetraniline-b-polycaprolactone-b-tetraaniline and polycaprolactone.
Intense electrochemiluminescence from an organic microcrystal accelerated H2O2-free luminol system for microRNA detection
Authors: Wang Li , Jiang Ming-Hui , Chai Ya-Qin , Yuan Ruo , Zhuo Ying
Published: June 2020

The 9,10-diphenylanthracene microcrystals (DPA MCs) was developed as a novel coreactant accelerator for H2O2-free luminol system, which was attributed to the efficiently catalysis towards dissolved O2 for more reactive oxygen species generation.
Bilirubin analogues as model compounds for exciton coupling
Authors: Lyskov Igor , Anda André , Wong Yee X. , Tilley Andrew J. , Hall Christopher R. , Thia Joel , Russo Salvy P. , Wong Wallace W. H. , Cole Jared H. , Smith Trevor A.
Published: June 2020

A series of phycobilin analogues have been investigated in terms of coupled excitonic systems.
Surface decoration of phosphorene nanoribbons with 4d transition metal atoms for spintronics
Authors: Fu Xiao-Xiao , Niu Yue , Hao Ze-Wen , Dong Mi-Mi , Wang Chuan-Kui
Published: June 2020

The recent production of phosphorene nanoribbons provides a platform for designing phosphorene-based high-speed electronic devices.
Shape-controlled synthesis of the metal–organic framework MIL-125 towards a highly enhanced catalytic performance for the oxidative desulfurization of 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene
Authors: Yang Pei , Huang Yang , Zhang Zong-Wen , Li Na , Fan Yang
Published: June 2020

Nanoscale MIL-125 crystals with truncated octahedral shape and dominantly exposed {101} facets were synthesized by the coordination modulation method, and they exhibit remarkably enhanced catalytic activity towards the oxidative desulfurization of 4,6-DMDBT.
Trophic transfer of CuO NPs from sediment to worms (Tubifex tubifex) to fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus): a comparative study of dissolved Cu and NPs enriched with a stable isotope tracer (65Cu)
Authors: Lammel Tobias , Thit Amalie , Cui Xianjin , Mouneyrac Catherine , Baun Anders , Valsami-Jones Eugenia , Sturve Joachim , Selck Henriette
Published: June 2020

This study used stable isotope-labeled copper oxide nanoparticles (65CuO NPs) to determine their trophic transfer potential from sediment to worms to fish at environmentally realistic exposure doses and compared to dissolved Cu (65CuCl2).
Design rules for environmental biodegradability of phenylalanine alkyl ester linked ionic liquids
Authors: Suk Morten , Haiß Annette , Westphal Janin , Jordan Andrew , Kellett Andrew , Kapitanov Illia V. , Karpichev Yevgen , Gathergood Nicholas , Kümmerer Klaus
Published: June 2020

In this study, the impact of the length of the alkyl chain and cationic head group on the environmental biodegradability of l-phenylalanine ester derived ILs was systematically studied.
Correction: Syngas production by bi-reforming methane on an Ni–K-promoted catalyst using hydrotalcites and filamentous carbon as a support material
Authors: Cunha Adelino F. , Morales-Torres Sergio , Pastrana-Martínez Luisa M. , Martins António A. , Mata Teresa M. , Caetano Nídia S. , Loureiro José M.
Published: June 2020

Correction for ‘Syngas production by bi-reforming methane on an Ni–K-promoted catalyst using hydrotalcites and filamentous carbon as a support material’ by Adelino F. Cunha et al., RSC Adv., 2020, 10, 21158–21173, DOI: 10.1039/D0RA03264F.
Polyethylene oxide enhances the ductility and toughness of polylactic acid: the role of mesophase
Authors: Wang Zhen , Zhang Chuang , Zhang Zhen , Chen Xin , Wang Xiaohui , Wen Mingjie , Chen Bin , Cao Wei , Liu Chuntai
Published: June 2020

Mechanical mechanism for PEO-enhanced ductility and toughness of PLA.
Orthotopic‐filtering‐based hierarchical fault diagnosis algorithm for linear recursive models
Authors: Wang Ziyun , Xu Guixiang , Wang Yan , Park Ju H. , Ji Zhicheng
Published: June 2020

An orthotopic‐filtering‐based hierarchical fault diagnosis algorithm is proposed for complex systems with multiple fault types. The given algorithm uses an orthotopic method to describe a feasible parameter set and detects whether a fault occurs by determining whether the feasible parameter set is empty. Then the hierarchical clustering method is applied to analyse the fault library. The clustering result is used as the prior knowledge for fault diagnosis analysis, and a discriminant analysis is conducted layer by layer. Finally, a model‐matching method is applied to realise the fault identification. However, if the fault type is not included in the fault library, the fault type is then added to the fault library. Therefore, when the fault diagnosis is performed again, the fault library is re‐hierarchically clustered. The analysis on the false alarm rate and the missing detection rate of the fault diagnosis algorithm are also studied. Finally, the fault diagnosis of a buck circuit is taken as an example to demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method by analysing the fault diagnosis results.
Isolieren wir Keime oder Patienten? Isolationsmaßnahmen unter der Lupe
Authors: Haeberle Helene A.
Published: June 2020

Isolationsmaßnahmen zur Prävention der Übertragung multiresistenter Erreger (MRE) gehören in Anbetracht der steigenden Resistenzentwicklung auf Intensivstationen mittlerweile zur Routine. Noch wichtiger sind allerdings Basishygiene und der verantwortungsvolle Umgang mit antiinfektiven Therapien. Dieser Beitrag widmet sich den verschiedenen Präventionsmaßnahmen, die nur in Kombination effektiv und zielführend sind.
Der onkologische Patient: relevante Aspekte für die Anästhesie
Authors: Ohnesorge Johanna , Weigand Markus A.
Published: June 2020

Onkologische Operationen stellen einen Großteil der chirurgischen Eingriffe dar. Daher ist es für die anästhesiologische Tätigkeit unabdingbar, Kenntnisse über Nebenwirkungen und spezielle Risiken onkologischer Therapiekonzepte zu erwerben. Dieser Artikel bietet eine praxisnahe Grundlage für Anästhesisten in der Betreuung onkologischer Patienten und stellt Chemo- und Immuntherapeutika und deren anästhesierelevante Nebenwirkungen vor.
Zirkulierende und disseminierte Tumorzellen beim Mammakarzinom
Authors: Banys-Paluchowski Malgorzata , Fehm Tanja , Janni Wolfgang , Solomayer Erich-Franz , Hartkopf Andreas
Published: June 2020

Die hämatogene Dissemination vereinzelter Tumorzellen aus dem Primärtumor ist ein weitverbreitetes Phänomen bei den meisten soliden Malignomen. Beim Mammakarzinom weisen zirkulierende Tumorzellen (ZTZ) im peripheren Blut und disseminierte Tumorzellen (DTZ) im Knochenmark auf eine schlechte klinische Prognose hin, sowohl im Frühstadium als auch bei der metastasierten Erkrankung. Darüber hinaus ist der Nachweis von ZTZ/DTZ auch mit kürzeren rezidivfreien Intervallen assoziiert. Zahlreiche Studien haben gezeigt, dass sich diese Zellen hinsichtlich ihres Hormon- und HER2-Rezeptor-Status von den Tumorzellen des Primärtumors unterscheiden, und es wurde die Hypothese aufgestellt, dass einige von ihnen in Wirklichkeit Tumorstammzellen sein könnten. Vor Kurzem wurde anlässlich des 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer-Symposiums die erste positive Studie über ZTZ-basierende Therapien vorgestellt, die zeigte, dass der Nachweis von ZTZ die Wahl der Behandlungsmethode beim metastasierten HR-positiven HER2-negativen Mammakarzinom beeinflussen kann. In diesem Übersichtsartikel stellen wir den aktuellen Stand zum Nachweis der Tumorzelldissemination vor und diskutieren die Implikationen für künftige Studien.
Monitoring Matches and Small-sided Games in Elite Young Soccer Players
Authors: Darbellay Jonas , Meylan César Marius Philippe , Malatesta Davide
Published: June 2020

The aim of this study was to compare the distances at various intensity in matches and small-sided games in elite-young soccer players using the metabolic power approach and running speed methods through fixed and individual speed zones. The second aim was to investigate the difference in high intensity external workload (% of total distances covered > 16 km/h or > 20 W/kg) between matches and small-sided games. Global positioning system data from 14 elite-youth players were analyzed during 13 matches and two types of small sided-games. Five intensity zones were used to compare the running distances between the metabolic power approach and the classic performance analysis. Metabolic power recorded more distances covered at high intensity than the running speed methods for every playing situations, except for the zone 5 of fixed speed (> 19 km/h) in matches (P<0.05). Smaller differences of external workload at high intensity were found when using the metabolic power approach compared to the traditional performance analysis. Our results highlight that the traditional analysis underestimates the athlete’s high intensity efforts. The metabolic power approach seems more relevant to monitor matches and training situations but also to compare matches to small-sided games in elite-young soccer players.
3 Fachleute – 3 Behandlungsmethoden
Authors: Brenke Rainer , Chrubasik-Hausmann Sigrun , Roemer Franziska
Published: June 2020

Fußpilz
Wie sinnvoll ist der Einsatz von oralen Antidiabetika bei älteren Patienten?
Authors: Friedl Alexander
Published: June 2020

Die Möglichkeiten einer medikamentösen Diabetestherapie sind heutzutage größer denn je. Eine breite Auswahl oraler Antidiabetika mit jeweils unterschiedlichen Eigenschaften steht zur Verfügung. Zudem stehen verschiedene Insuline und GLP-1-Analoga zur Injektion bereit. Entsprechend dieser Vielfalt gibt es oft sehr verschiedene Argumente für oder gegen ein bestimmtes Therapieprinzip. Dies trifft insbesondere auch auf ältere Menschen mit Diabetes mellitus zu, da bei diesen die jeweiligen Umstände oft sehr unterschiedlich sind. Die Auswahl einer Diabetestherapie sollte möglichst auf der Grundlage rationaler Argumente erfolgen. Im Zentrum steht dabei immer der jeweilige Mensch mit seinen individuellen Gegebenheiten. Dazu ist es wichtig, die Charakteristika der Behandlungsoptionen gut zu kennen, um so im Einzelfall die am besten geeignete Möglichkeit auswählen zu können.
Ethik in einer technisierten Medizin
Authors: Gleditsch Jochen
Published: June 2020

Die technischen Entwicklungen in der Medizin haben die diagnostischen und therapeutischen Optionen auf vielfältige Weise erweitert und bereichert. Sie bergen allerdings die Gefahr einer Entfremdung zwischen Arzt und Patient. Dem empathischen Kontakt zwischen Arzt und Patient, am besten „hands-on“, kommt nach wie vor eine enorme Bedeutung zu. Dies zeigt sich besonders offensichtlich als Herausforderung für den Arzt im Angesicht des Todes. Ein empathischer Kontakt kann nur entstehen, wenn der Patient nicht nur rational-analytisch, sondern auch intuitiv-ganzheitlich wahrgenommen wird: mit der Öffnung für eine transzendenzoffene Sicht des Lebens im Sinne eines integralen Bewusstseins.
Hydrosonographic Assessment of the Effect of Two Different Suture
Materials on Healing of the Uterine Scar after Cesarean Delivery: A Prospective
Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Sevket Osman , Takmaz Taha , Ozcan Pinar , Halici Belfin Nur Arici , Islek Sevde Havva
Published: June 2020

Purpose This study aimed to compare the effects of two different suture
materials, monofilament synthetic absorbable sutures versus multifilament
synthetic absorbable sutures, on healing the uterine scar after a cesarean
delivery.

Methods A total of 95 women between the ages of 18 and 40 who had
undergone a primary cesarean section (CS) after the 38th week of
gestation. In Group I (n=48), continuous double-layer unlocked closure
of the low transverse uterine incision was performed using monofilament
synthetic absorbable sutures. In Group II (n=47), continuous
double-layer unlocked closure of the low transverse uterine incision was
performed using multifilament synthetic absorbable sutures. Six months after the
operation, the integrity of the cesarean scar at the uterine incision site was
assessed using hydrosonography. The healing ratio and the thickness of the
residual myometrium covering the defect were calculated as markers of uterine
scar healing.

Results No statistically significant differences were observed between
the groups with regard to the preoperative hemoglobin concentrations, the change
in the hemoglobin concentrations, operating time, and the number of
intraoperative additional hemostatic uterine sutures. Mean thickness of the
residual myometrium covering the defect was thicker in the monofilament suture
group in comparison to the multifilament suture group (7.76±2.11 vs.
5.96±1.69, respectively; p<0.01). The mean healing ratio was
significantly higher in the monofilament suture group in comparison to the
multifilament suture group (0.76±0.13 vs. 0.60±0.12,
respectively; p<0.01)

Conclusion Continuous double-layer unlocked closure of the uterine
incision at cesarean delivery using monofilament synthetic absorbable sutures
decreases the risk of CS scar defect.
Epidemiology of Injuries in Elite Female Futsal Players: A
Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Lago-Fuentes Carlos , Jiménez-Loaisa Alejandro , Padrón-Cabo Alexis , Calvo Marcos Mecías , García-Pinillos Felipe , Rey Ezequiel
Published: June 2020

Injuries are one of the worst case scenarios for an athlete and a team. The aim
of this study was to analyze the injury incidence, characteristics and burden
among a cohort of elite female futsal players. A prospective cohort study was
designed over a season. Eighty-nine players from seven elite female futsal teams
were monitored during the whole season. Eight different variables were recorded
when an injury happened, as well as exposure time. A total of 90 injuries were
recorded so that 54 out of 89 players (60.6%) sustained an injury. The
overall injury incidence was 5 injuries per 1000 h of futsal play exposure.
Moderate injuries were the most frequent (1.7 injuries per 1000 h of futsal play
exposure). The quadriceps and ankle were the regions where most injuries
occurred. Contact injuries were more common during matches than training, and
usually happened at the end of the season. Elite female futsal players are
exposed to a substantial injury risk, especially on ankle and quadriceps with
moderate severity, occurring at the end of the sessions, especially during
matches. These results highlight the need of new preventive strategies to reduce
the high injury incidence in female futsal players.
Evidenz für TCM/Akupunktur bei SARS-CoV-2-Infektionen
Authors: Fleckenstein Johannes , Füzeki Eszter , Banzer Winfried
Published: June 2020

Derzeit existiert keine spezifische Therapie zur Prävention und Behandlung von SARS-CoV-2-Infektionen, weder in der konventionellen westlichen noch in der Traditionellen Chinesischen Medizin. Die aktuelle Studienlage zur Anwendung der chinesischen Arzneitherapie bei SARS-CoV-2-Infektionen beruht überwiegend auf klinischen Beobachtungen und entspricht einem niedrigen Evidenzniveau (IV) mit Empfehlungsgrad C. Somit wäre ein additiver Einsatzchinesischer Arzneimittel zur Symptombesserung zwar zu rechtfertigen, dies jedoch nur unter konsequenter Einhaltung etablierter Erstmaßnahmen mit konventionellen Methoden der Intensiv- und Notfallmedizin und weiterer Verfahren der klassischen Medizin.
Indikationen für chinesische Arzneimitteltherapie bei Covid-19-Erkrankungen
Authors: Thede Christian
Published: June 2020

In Reaktion auf den massiven Ausbruch von Covid-19-Erkrankungen in der Region Wuhan wurde von staatlicher Seite bereits Ende Januar 2020 eine Expertenkommission namhafter chinesischer TCM-Fachleute berufen. Nach der Sichtung einer größeren Anzahl von Patienten in Wuhan wurdenTherapieprotokolle für verschiedene Krankheitsstadien formuliert, die in den „Guidance for Corona Virus Disease 2019“ des Generalbüros der Nationalen Hygiene und Gesundheitskommission und des Büros der staatlichen Verwaltung für traditionelle chinesische Medizin aufgenommen wurden.
5.2.30 Product Subclass 30: Stannoles
Authors: Ramirez y Medina I.-M. , Kipke W. , Makow J. , Staubitz A.
Published: June 2020

This chapter gives an overview of different methods for the synthesis of classical stannoles and related compounds such as ring-fused stannoles and stannoles containing further heteroatoms. It represents a review of the literature from 1959 to 2019.
32.3.4.2 1-Nitrogen-Functionalized 2-Haloalkenes (Update 2020)
Authors: Tong M. L. , Kunz K. , Jaschinski M. , Holzschneider K. , Celik I. E. , Kirsch S. F.
Published: June 2020

This chapter is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis contribution (Section 32.3.4) describing general synthetic methods to access 1-nitrogen-functionalized 2-haloalkenes. It puts a new focus on recent synthetic developments for this rather broad class of compounds, covering the literature from 2008 until 2018. The contents are broadly categorized by discussing methods of synthesis first, followed by specific reactivities. The synthetic methods section is arranged according to the number of substituents attached to the alkene core. Due to the vast number of examples in the literature, the current overview represents a selection of methods. In particular, when describing reactivities with 1-nitrogen-functionalized 2-haloalkenes, only archetypical examples are shown, while explicit variants are omitted.
Combined surface-sensitive microscopies analyze tissue damaged by neural devices
Authors: Mandel Savannah
Published: June 2020

Combination of time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray photoemission electron microscopy offers accurate characterization of biological tissue after contact with implantable neural devices.
Plasma polymerization approach incorporates TEMPO organic radicals into thin film coatings
Authors: Liebendorfer Adam
Published: June 2020

Coupling multiple forms of mass spectrometry with electron spin resonance shows path forward for using the unique molecule on a larger scale.