bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mitochondria Transfer from Mesenchymal Stem Cells Confers Chemoresistance to Glioblastoma Stem Cells through Metabolic Rewiring
Authors: Nakhle Jean , Khattar Khattar , Özkan Tülin , Boughlita Adel , Abba Moussa Daouda , Darlix Amélie , Lorcy Frédérique , Rigau Valérie , Bauchet Luc , Gerbal-Chaloin Sabine , Daujat-Chavanieu Martine , Bellvert Floriant , Turchi Laurent , Virolle Thierry , Hugnot Jean-Philippe , Buisine Nicolas , Galloni Mireille , Dardalhon Valérie , Rodriguez Anne-Marie , Vignais Marie-Luce
Published: May 2023

Glioblastomas (GBM) are heterogeneous tumors with high metabolic plasticity. Their poor prognosis is linked to the presence of glioblastoma stem cells (GSC), which support resistance to therapy, notably to temozolomide (TMZ). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) recruitment to GBM contributes to GSC chemoresistance, by mechanisms still poorly understood. Here, we provide evidence that MSCs transfer mitochondria to GSCs through tunneling nanotubes, which enhances GSCs resistance to TMZ. More precisely, our metabolomics analyses reveal that MSC mitochondria induce GSCs metabolic reprograming, with a nutrient shift from glucose to glutamine, a rewiring of the tricarboxylic acid cycle from glutaminolysis to reductive carboxylation and increase in orotate turnover as well as in pyrimidine and purine synthesis. Metabolomics analysis of GBM patient tissues at relapse after TMZ treatment documents increased concentrations of AMP, CMP, GMP, and UMP nucleotides and thus corroborate our in vitro analyses. Finally, we provide a mechanism whereby mitochondrial transfer from MSCs to GSCs contributes to GBM resistance to TMZ therapy, by demonstrating that inhibition of orotate production by Brequinar (BRQ) restores TMZ sensitivity in GSCs with acquired mitochondria. Altogether, these results identify a mechanism for GBM resistance to TMZ and reveal a metabolic dependency of chemoresistant GBM following the acquisition of exogenous mitochondria, which opens therapeutic perspectives based on synthetic lethality between TMZ and BRQ.

Significance:

Mitochondria acquired from MSCs enhance the chemoresistance of GBMs. The discovery that they also generate metabolic vulnerability in GSCs paves the way for novel therapeutic approaches.
Intravenous Thrombolysis in Patients With White Matter Hyperintensities in the WAKE-UP Trial
Authors: Frey Benedikt M. , Shenas Farhad , Boutitie Florent , Cheng Bastian , Cho Tae-Hee , Ebinger Martin , Endres Matthias , Fiebach Jochen B. , Fiehler Jens , Galinovic Ivana , Barow Ewgenia , Königsberg Alina , Schlemm Eckhard , Pedraza Salvador , Lemmens Robin , Thijs Vincent , Muir Keith W. , Nighoghossian Norbert , Simonsen Claus Z. , Gerloff Christian , Thomalla Götz ,   on behalf of the WAKE-UP Investigators
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND:

White matter hyperintensities of presumed vascular origin (WMH) are the most prominent imaging feature of cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD). Previous studies suggest a link between cSVD burden and intracerebral hemorrhage and worse functional outcome after thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke. We aimed to determine the impact of WMH burden on efficacy and safety of thrombolysis in the MRI-based randomized controlled WAKE-UP trial of intravenous alteplase in unknown onset stroke.

METHODS:

The design of this post hoc study was an observational cohort design of a secondary analysis of a randomized trial. WMH volume was quantified on baseline fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images of patients randomized to either alteplase or placebo in the WAKE-UP trial. Excellent outcome was defined as score of 0-1 on the modified Rankin Scale after 90 days. Hemorrhagic transformation was assessed on follow-up imaging 24-36 hours after randomization. Treatment effect and safety were analyzed by fitting multivariable logistic regression models.

RESULTS:

Quality of scans was sufficient in 441 of 503 randomized patients to delineate WMH. Median age was 68 years, 151 patients were female, and 222 patients were assigned to receive alteplase. Median WMH volume was 11.4 mL. Independent from treatment, WMH burden was statistically significantly associated with worse functional outcome (odds ratio, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.57–0.92]), but not with higher chances of any hemorrhagic transformation (odds ratio, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.60–1.01]). There was no interaction of WMH burden and treatment group for the likelihood of excellent outcome (
P
=0.443) or any hemorrhagic transformation (
P
=0.151). In a subgroup of 166 patients with severe WMH, intravenous thrombolysis was associated with higher odds of excellent outcome (odds ratio, 2.40 [95% CI, 1.19–4.84]) with no significant increase in the rate of hemorrhagic transformation (odds ratio, 1.96 [95% CI, 0.80–4.81]).

CONCLUSIONS:

Although WMH burden is associated with worse functional outcome, there is no association with treatment effect or safety of intravenous thrombolysis in patients with ischemic stroke of unknown onset.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01525290.
The Development of Relational Reasoning: An Eyetracking Analysis of Strategy Use and Adaptation in Children and Adults Performing Matrix Completion
Authors: Niebaum Jesse , Munakata Yuko
Published: May 2023

Relational reasoning is a key component of fluid intelligence and an important predictor of academic achievement. Relational reasoning is commonly assessed using matrix completion tasks, in which participants see an incomplete matrix of items that vary on different dimensions and select a response that best completes the matrix based on the relations among items. Performance on such assessments increases dramatically across childhood into adulthood. However, despite widespread use, little is known about the strategies associated with good or poor matrix completion performance in childhood. This study examined the strategies children and adults use to solve matrix completion problems, how those strategies change with age, and whether children and adults adapt strategies to difficulty. We used eyetracking to infer matrix completion strategy use in 6- and 9-year-old children and adults. Across ages, scanning across matrix rows and columns predicted good overall performance, and quicker and higher rates of consulting potential answers predicted poor performance, indicating that optimal matrix completion strategies are similar across development. Indices of good strategy use increased across childhood. As problems increased in difficulty, children and adults increased their scanning of matrix rows and columns, and adults and 9-year-olds also shifted strategies to rely more on consulting potential answers. Adapting strategies to matrix difficulty, particularly increased scanning of rows and columns, was associated with good overall performance in both children and adults. These findings underscore the importance of both spontaneous and adaptive strategy use in individual differences in relational reasoning and its development.
Functional traits including interspecific sociality affect mobbing behaviour in a bird community of southern China
Authors: Jiang Demeng , Hua Fangyuan , Goodale Eben
Published: May 2023

Mobbing is a prevalent anti-predatory behaviour in birds where prey actively engage in harassing predators. Functional traits have been shown to affect prey species’ tendency to engage in mobbing, but empirical studies have largely neglected to assess the influence of some other potentially important functional traits, such as intraspecific and interspecific sociality, on mobbing or measured different aspects of the behaviour. In this study, we performed playback experiments that elicited mobbing responses from a forest bird community in southern China, to investigate the influence of body mass, foraging strata, as well as intra- and interspecific sociality, on the prevalence of mobbing, as well as the intensity of aggression and vocalness. We found that species with small body masses engaged in more frequent and intense mobbing behaviours. Notably, interspecific sociality was negatively associated with birds’ mobbing prevalence and tended to be negatively associated with vocalness.
Ficophagus annulatae n. sp. (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae), an associate of Ficus annulata in China
Authors: Zeng Yongsan , Zhang Dayuan , Giblin-Davis Robin M. , Roberts Joseph A.
Published: May 2023

A new species of the genus Ficophagus was recovered from the syconia of Ficus annulata from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan province, China. It is described herein as Ficophagus annulatae n. sp. and is characterised by possessing the combined characters of a short PUS (9-18 μm or 0.3-0.6 VBD long), an excretory pore (EP) located at the level between stylet basal knobs and metacorpus, presence of crustaformeria, amoeboid sperm, three pairs of subventral papillae on the male tail (one pair just adcloacal (P2), one pair halfway between cloacal aperture and tail terminus (P3), and one pair near tail tip (P4)), rounded male tail tip without mucron, absence of gubernaculum and bow-shaped spicule with indistinct rostrum. Ficophagus annulatae n. sp. was differentiated from other sequenced species by the partial small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene and D2-D3 expansion segments of the large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene. Phylogenetic analysis with the LSU D2-D3 expansion segment sequence suggested that F. annulatae n. sp. is clustered in the same highly supported monophyletic clade with F. benjamina, F. curtipes and F. microcarpus. It differs morphologically from these species in EP position, spicule and uterus morphology, and some morphometric characters.
Xochiquetzallia magnifolia (Asparagaceae, Brodiaeoideae), a new species from Oaxaca, Mexico
Authors: GARCÍA-MENDOZA ABISAÍ JOSUÉ , GUTIÉRREZ JORGE
Published: May 2023

A recent exploration in Mixteca Alta, state of Oaxaca, and the morphological review of herbarium specimens allowed the identification of a new species of Xochiquetzallia, genus recently segregated from the paraphyletic Dandya. The objective of this work is to describe and illustrate Xochiquetzallia magnifolia, which can be recognized by its leaf size, scape, floral morphology, number of flowers per umbel, and inclined style. Due to its limited occurrence area and known distribution in one locality, it is considered vulnerable (VU) according to the guidelines of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
Velascophyllum, a new replacement name for Velascoa Flores-Barragan & Ortega-Chavez (Ginkgoopsida)
Authors: DESHMUKH UMAKANT BHOOPATI
Published: May 2023

N/A
A new record of Vaucheria incurva (Vaucheriaceae, Xanthophyceae), an extremely rare species, with taxonomic remarks on other Vaucheriae having disintegrated gametangial walls
Authors: VISHNYAKOV VASILY S.
Published: May 2023

N/A
Inventory of chiton species (Polyplacophora) from the rocky intertidal of the Northern Gulf of California, with an illustrated taxonomic key
Authors: REYES-GÓMEZ ADRIANA , VARGAS-PONCE OFELIA , GALVÁN-VILLA CRISTIAN , BARRAGÁN JOSÉ SALGADO- , ESQUEDA-GONZÁLEZ MA. DEL CARMEN , RÍOS-JARA EDUARDO
Published: May 2023

This work presents an inventory of the Polyplacophora species registered in December 2019 in the intertidal environment of 10 sampling sites of the Northern Gulf of California, México. Fifteen species were obtained from a total of 33 species previously reported throughout the Gulf. Acanthochitona avicula, Ischnochiton guatemalensis, Lepidozona serrata, and Dendrochiton lirulatus are rare with only 1 to 3 specimens recorded of each species. Stenoplax mariposa and Lepidozona subtilis were the most abundant with 162 and 284 specimens, respectively. Acanthochitona avicula, I. guatemalensis, Lepidozona serrata, and Lepidochitona beanii are rare and each was only recorded at one sampling site. For a better recognition of these species, we provide a dichotomous identification key, which is complemented with high-resolution photographs and images obtained by scanning electron microscopy. In addition, habitat data and taxonomic comments are included to facilitate a better understanding of the habitat preferences, relationships and current taxonomic position of these species.
Revision of the Neotropical stick insect genus Ocnophila (Phasmatodea: Diapheromeridae) with a new species from Colombia
Authors: GHIROTTO VICTOR MORAIS , ENGELKING PHILLIP WATZKE , CRISPINO EDGAR BLOIS
Published: May 2023

The genus Ocnophila Brunner, 1907 is here redescribed with an emended diagnosis, containing three valid species from Venezuela and Colombia: Ocnophila integra Brunner, 1907 with Ocnophila signatior Brunner, 1907 syn. nov. as a new junior synonym, Ocnophila iphicla (Westwood, 1859) and Ocnophila serrata sp. nov. In addition to the description of the new species we redescribe O. integra and O. iphicla, also providing a description of the male genitalia for O. integra. For the other species previously contained in the genus, we synonymize Ocnophila brevifemur Brunner, 1907 syn. nov. and Ocnophila armata Brunner, 1907 syn. nov. under Pygirhynchus bispinosus (Redtenbacher, 1906), Ocnophila inaequalis Brunner, 1907 syn. nov. under Libethra venezuelica Brunner, 1907, and transfer the remaining species to other genera, resulting in the following new combinations: Agamemnon illegitimus (Brunner, 1907) comb. nov., A. poeyi (Bolívar, 1888) comb. nov., Canuleius nattereri (Brunner, 1907) comb. nov., C. pedestris (Brunner, 1907) comb. nov., Dyme acanthonota (Günther, 1930) comb. nov., D. borellii (Giglio-Tos, 1898) comb. nov., D. ramulus (Giglio-Tos, 1898) comb. nov., Exocnophila cornuta (Brunner, 1907) comb. nov., E. tuberculata (Brunner, 1907) comb. nov., Litosermyle inconspicua (Brunner, 1907) comb. nov., Lit. nana (Shelford, 1913) comb. nov., Lit. riveti (Shelford, 1913) comb. nov., Lit. submutica (Brunner, 1907) comb. nov., Libethra aculeata (Brunner, 1907) comb. nov., Libethroidea willemsei (Günther, 1935) comb. nov., Pygirhynchus fortior (Brunner, 1907) comb. nov., P. oryx (Westwood, 1859) comb. nov., P. scops (Kaup, 1871) comb. nov., Pseudosermyle meditans (Brunner, 1907) comb. nov., Sermyle aurita (Rehn, 1905) comb. nov., and S. ciliata (Brunner, 1907) comb. nov. Furthermore, Pygirhynchus carioca Piza, 1944 syn. nov. is synonymized under P. fortior comb. nov. We provide a description of the male and egg of Litosermyle Hebard, 1919, previously known only from females, through the illustration and redescription of Lit. inconspicua (Brunner, 1907) comb. nov. Finally, we include Dubiophasma Zompro, 2001, Exocnophila Zompro, 2001, Litosermyle, Ocnophila and Parocnophila Zompro, 1998 in Oreophoetini.
A new species of the Miniopterus australis species complex (Chiroptera: Miniopteridae) from the Western Ghats, India
Authors: SRINIVASULU BHARGAVI , SRINIVASULU ADITYA
Published: May 2023

The genus Miniopterus is highly diverse in cryptic species. Based on integrated approaches of morphometrics, echolocation call analysis, and molecular phylogenetics, we present evidence of a hitherto undescribed species, Srini’s Bent-winged bat Miniopterus srinii sp. nov.. The new species, found in the Western Ghats of southern Karnataka, India, closely resembles the Small Bent-winged bat Miniopterus pusillus, found elsewhere in Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu, India. Although it shows external similarity with Miniopterus pusillus sensu stricto from the Nicobar Islands, the new species is relatively larger and distinct in craniodental measurements and echolocation call parameters, despite slight overlaps. Importantly, Miniopterus srinii exhibits morphological convergence with Miniopterus pusillus as despite similarities in morphologies, there is a significant genetic distance of 10.84 ± 0.22%. The new cryptic species shares distribution with Miniopterus phillipsi and Miniopterus pusillus in the Western Ghats, further highlighting the need to study both the genus’ cryptic diversity, and the region’s conservation importance.
Atmospheric Pattern–Based Predictions of S2S Sea Level Anomalies for Two Selected U.S. Locations
Authors: Lee Cameron C. , Sheridan Scott C. , Dusek Gregory P. , Pirhalla Douglas E.
Published: May 2023

With climate change causing rising sea levels around the globe, multiple recent efforts in the United States have focused on the prediction of various meteorological factors that can lead to periods of anomalously high tides despite seemingly benign atmospheric conditions. As part of these efforts, this research explores monthly scale relationships between sea level variability and atmospheric circulation patterns and demonstrates two options for subseasonal to seasonal (S2S) predictions of anomalous sea levels using these patterns as inputs to artificial neural network (ANN) models. Results on the monthly scale are similar to previous research on the daily scale, with above-average sea levels and an increased risk of high-water events on days with anomalously low atmospheric pressure patterns and wind patterns leading to onshore or downwelling-producing wind stress. Some wind patterns show risks of high-water events to be over 6 times higher than baseline risk and exhibit an average water level anomaly of +94 mm above normal. In terms of forecasting, nonlinear autoregressive ANN models with exogenous input (NARX models) and pattern-based lagged ANN (PLANN) models show skill over postprocessed numerical forecast model output, and simple climatology. Damped-persistence forecasts and PLANN models show nearly the same skill in terms of predicting anomalous sea levels out to 9 months of lead time, with a slight edge to PLANN models, especially with regard to error statistics. This perspective on forecasting—using predefined circulation patterns along with ANN models—should aid in the real-time prediction of coastal flooding events, among other applications.
The Effects of Climate Change on Outdoor Recreation Participation in the United States: Projections for the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Willwerth Jacqueline , Sheahan Megan , Chan Nathan , Fant Charles , Martinich Jeremy , Kolian Michael
Published: May 2023

Climate change is expected to impact individuals’ recreation choices, as changing temperatures and precipitation patterns influence participation in outdoor recreation and alternative activities. This paper empirically investigates the relationship between weather and outdoor recreation using nationally representative data from the contiguous United States. We find that across most outdoor recreation activities, participation is lowest on the coldest days [<35°F (1.7°C)] and highest at moderately high temperatures [80°–90°F (27°–32°C)]. Notable exceptions to this trend include water sports and snow and ice sports, for which participation peaks at the highest and lowest temperatures, respectively. If individuals continue to respond to temperature changes the same way that they have in the recent past, in a future climate that has fewer cool days and more moderate and hot days, our model anticipates net participation across all outdoor recreation activities will increase by 88 million trips annually at 1°C of warming (CONUS) and by up to 401 million trips at 6°C of warming, valued between $3.2 and $15.6 billion in consumer surplus annually (2010 population). The increase in trips is driven by participation in water sports; excluding water sports from future projections decreases the consumer surplus gains by approximately 75% across all modeled degrees of warming. If individuals in northern regions respond to temperature like people in southern regions currently do (a proxy for adaptation), total outdoor recreation trips will increase by an additional 17% in comparison with no adaptation at 6°C of warming. This benefit is generally not seen at lower degrees of warming.

Significance Statement

We extend the extant literature in four key ways. First, we probe how impacts vary by region of the United States, revealing disparate impacts across geographies. Second, we analyze substitution patterns between alternative activity categories, which sheds light on the broader implications beyond participation in outdoor recreation. Third, we add depth to the future projection of climate impacts by considering how our projections might change under empirically informed scenarios of adaptation and acclimatization. Fourth, our analysis showcases one way in which climate change results in net benefits.
Pathologic Tumor Regression is Associated With Improved Survival in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Nicolais Laura M. , Caron Molly , Verdini Nicholas , Fitzgerald Timothy L.
Published: May 2023

Objectives

The advent of effective chemotherapy regimens has increased the use of neoadjuvant multiagent chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer. However, the effect of tumor downstaging with neoadjuvant treatment on survival is unclear.

Methods

Retrospective study included all resected patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy with FOLFIRINOX or gemcitabine/Abraxane. Downstaging was quantified using (1) difference between presenting AJCC clinical and final pathologic stage and (2) College of American Pathologists (CAP) Tumor Regression Grading Schema.

Results

Eighty-seven patients met inclusion criteria. FOLFIRINOX was the most common regimen, 63.2% vs 21.8%. Change in regimen occurred in 15% of patients. Downstaging based on a difference in AJCC stage group occurred in only 4.6%. In contrast, 45.2% were classified as downstaged by the CAP Tumor Regression of 0-2. Downstaging was similar for FOLFIRINOX gemcitabine/Abraxane (64.7 vs 53.6, P = .12) using the CAP criteria. On univariate analysis, treatment regimen (gemcitabine/Abraxane vs FOLFIRINOX, median survival 27 vs 29 mo; HR 1.57, P = .2) had similar survival. Downstaging by the AJCC stage was not associated with improved survival (HR 1.51, P = .4). However, there was a survival benefit for those downstaged by the CAP Tumor Regression Grading Schema, the median survival of 41 mo vs 25 mo; HR 3.05, P = .009. Improved survival 3.32 (1.35-8.16), P = .009) was maintained on multivariate analysis.

Conclusion

Survival is significantly improved in those downstaged, as assessed by the CAP Tumor Regression Schema. Downstaging is an important prognostic variable that can help with joint decision making for clinicians and patients.
Radioactive Seed Localization for Non-Breast Tissue Excision
Authors: Williams Andrew , Richmond Nathan , Thomay Alan A.
Published: May 2023

Lymph nodes are common basins for cancer recurrence; however, during surgery, lymphatic tissue is often indistinguishable from surrounding tissue making local excision difficult. Novel breast surgery techniques have utilized radioactive seed localization (RSL) to preoperatively tag tissue so it can be identified intraoperatively with a gamma probe. Our goal was to assess the use of RSL in non-breast tissues. This was a retrospective case series of non-breast cancer patients undergoing RSL. Overall, 42 patients met inclusion criteria. Pathology results indicated benign findings in 20 patients (47.62%), toxoplasma in 1 patient (2.38%), non-necrotizing granulomatous disease in 2 patients (4.76%), and malignant progression in 19 patients (45.24%). Two patients had non-lymphatic tissue removed: one in the abdominal wall and one in the lower lumbar region. Radioactive seed localization is an effective technique to localize and excise non-palpable lymph nodes and masses identified on imaging, highlighting its wide variety of uses in non-breast cancer cases
Traumatic Amputations Treated in US Emergency Departments: A Review of the NEISS Database
Authors: Sadoma Brittany R. , Sheets Nicholas W. , Plurad David S. , Dubina Emily D.
Published: May 2023

Background

Trauma is the second most common cause of limb loss in the United States (US), second only to vascular disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the demographics and commercial products associated with traumatic amputations in the United States.

Methods

The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) database was analyzed from 2012 to 2021 to identify patients presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) with the diagnosis of amputation. Additional variables included patient demographics, body part amputated, commercial products associated with amputation, and ED treatment disposition.

Results

A total of 7323 patients diagnosed with amputation were identified in the NEISS database. Amputations were most frequent in the 0-5 years age group, followed by 51-55 years. More males than females suffered an amputation during the study period (77% vs 22%). Most patients were Caucasian. Fingers were most frequently amputated (91%), followed by toes (5%). Most injuries occurred in the home (56%). The top commercial product behind these traumatic amputations was doors (18%), followed by bench or table saws (14%) and power lawn mowers (6%). Over 70% of patients were able to be treated and released from the ED, while 22% required hospitalization and 5% were transferred to another facility.

Discussion

Traumatic amputations can cause significant injuries. A better understanding of the incidence and mechanisms behind traumatic amputations may help with injury prevention. Pediatric patients had a high incidence of traumatic amputations, which warrants further research and dedication to injury prevention in this vulnerable group.
Optical Tomography of Polymeric Microsphere Layers Using Confocal Raman Microscopy
Authors: Syring Alina , Wang Zunhao , Wundrack Stefan , Stosch Rainer , Voss Tobias
Published: May 2023

In confocal Raman microscopy, depth profiling is a key application that enables analysis of the structural and chemical composition and size of three-dimensional (3D) transparent objects. However, the precise interpretation of a probed sample's Raman depth profile measurement can be significantly affected by both its size and surrounding objects. This study provides a more comprehensive understanding of the observed optical effects at the interface between polymer spheres and different substrates. Ray- and wave-optical simulations support our results. We derive a correction factor that, depending on the instrumental configuration, allows us to determine the nominal dimensions of the scanned objects more accurately from Raman depth profiles. Our studies support the need for careful consideration when employing depth profiling in confocal Raman microscopy for nondestructive, quantitative tomography of 3D objects.
Leadership to Elevate Design at Scale: balancing conflicting imperatives
Authors: Gemser Gerda , Calabretta Giulia , Quint Eric
Published: May 2023

Little is known about how design leaders foster design excellence “at scale” within large organizations. To bridge this gap, this article reports on interviews with 59 senior design leaders. Using a paradox perspective to frame the findings uncovers major challenges when leading design teams inside large organizations. It also identifies five pairs of opposing leadership behaviors that address these tensions and balance the overarching paradox of integrating design into the fabric of an organization while maintaining its distinctive character: being transformative yet affirmative; being directive yet accommodating; being proactive yet responsive; being intuitive yet systematic; and being holistic yet specific.
A Case Series of Infants 60 Days of Age or Younger With Human Parechovirus (PeV) Meningitis From a New York City Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Pellegrini Gerard , Dahan Nessy
Published: May 2023

Human parechovirus is a relatively lesser known virus that has recently spread across the United States, primarily affecting newborns and young infants. A particular strain of parechovirus, PeV-A3, has been found in the cerebrospinal fluid studies of many young patients in the spring and summer of 2022; however, short- and long-term neurologic effects of this virus are often not well known. We present a case series of 4 infants, 60 days of age or younger, found to have human parechovirus meningitis. Our retrospective study found that none of the 4 infants presented with any significant neurological findings, nor did they develop any specific neurologic signs or symptoms during their hospitalizations. Patients should continue to be monitored for long-term neurological and neurodevelopmental sequelae.
An Evaluation of the Clinical Tools Used to Monitor Illicit Methamphetamine Use Among Chronic Pain Patients: A Cross Sectional Retrospective Study
Authors: Schalk Danielle R. , Lewis Jamie L.
Published: May 2023

Purpose: Illicit drug use continues to be a concern for adults on opioid therapy for chronic pain. Prescribers use tools such as urine screening and confirmatory testing with mass spectrometry to monitor adherence to chronic opioid therapy contracts. Design: A cross sectional retrospective study was conducted using electronic medical records. Methods: Data was analyzed from 6558 urine samples of adult outpatients receiving opioid therapy at an urban pain specialty clinic who consented to urine drug tests. Results: From October 18, 2021, to October 21, 2022, 569 were positive amphetamine with immunoassay testing. 310 (54%) of those samples were absent amphetamine with or without methamphetamine while 259 (45.5%) were true positive amphetamine proven by confirmation testing. Analysis of confirmatory testing results identified 281 samples positive for amphetamine with or without methamphetamine. 71 samples confirmed positive for methamphetamine with or without amphetamine. 37 (52.1%) of those methamphetamine samples screened positive for amphetamine and 34 (47.9%) samples screened negative for amphetamine. 48 of the methamphetamine samples were sent for chiral confirmation testing. 45 (93.8%) samples were positive for D-methamphetamine while 3 (6.2%) samples were positive for L-methamphetamine. Only 5 (11.1%) of the 45 patients whose samples were positive for d-methamphetamine reported the use of illicit drugs before their urine sample was tested. Discussion: Confirmatory testing with mass spectrometry can detect illicit drugs, such as methamphetamine, with high sensitivity and specificity and should be used with all samples given the low sensitivity of screening immunoassay. It is of utmost importance that opioid pain medicine prescribers know the many possible interpretations of these results so that they are equipped to make appropriate clinical decisions to ensure the safety of the patient, prescriber, and practice.
Insurgency, Proxy, and Dependence: How Hezbollah's Ideology Prevails Over its Interest in its Relationship with Iran
Authors: Al-Aloosy Massaab
Published: May 2023

Patron states provide their proxies with support for a variety of reasons. To better understand the relationship between states and their proxies, it is important to deconstruct the different means of support. For instance, even after an armed group gains economic and military autonomy, ideological affiliation can be an important factor. The ideological convictions of individuals within an armed group serve as a compass for the actions of the larger group, especially in relations to the patron state. This is the case with Hezbollah. Today, the group has outgrown its dependence on Iran for military and economic support; nevertheless, it remains committed to the ideals of Iran's revolution.
From Mentally Doing to Actually Doing: A Meta-Analysis of Induced Positive Consumption Simulations
Authors: Ceylan Gizem , Diehl Kristin , Wood Wendy
Published: May 2023

Mental simulation is an important tool for managers who want consumers to imagine what life would be like if they engaged in positive consumption behaviors. However, research has found mixed effects of mental simulation on behavior. To understand this inconsistency, the authors conduct a meta-analysis to quantify the effect of different mental simulation prompts. This multivariate three-level meta-analysis of 237 effect sizes spanning four decades (1980–2020) and representing 40,705 respondents yields a positive but small effect of mental simulation on behavioral responses. Managers and researchers can amplify this effect by using dynamic visual inductions (e.g., augmented reality), inductions involving both visuals and verbal instructions, and repeated inductions spaced over time (e.g., weekly, akin to real-world marketing campaigns). Inducing simulations repeatedly but massed (e.g., using the same message at the same time across different platforms or retargeting ads) actually reduces subsequent behavioral performance. The authors explain the implications of these findings for theory and practice and identify novel avenues for research.
Success Is Not Final; Failure Is Not Fatal: How Failure Versus Success Messaging Leads to Preference for Masculine Brands
Authors: Jones Niusha , Kidwell Blair , Hamby Anne
Published: May 2023

Marketers commonly use ads that associate brands with success in persuasive communications. Yet, these ads may not be the most effective way to promote brands, particularly masculine brands. The current research examines when and why failure messaging can be an effective promotional approach. Across eight studies using both observational and experimental data from field and lab settings, the authors demonstrate that experiences of failure in achievement contexts, and ads that employ failure (vs. success) messaging, are more effective in promoting masculine but not feminine or neutral brands. An increase in consumers’ hostility mediates these effects. Feminine brands that employ aggressive branding cues (e.g., the color red) can also benefit from failure messaging. Additionally, the benefits of failure messaging are enhanced when people do (vs. do not) take responsibility for their failures, and this moderating effect is intensified (weakened) when failures are attributed to unstable (stable) causes. Finally, the consumption of masculine options was found to assist consumers in recovering from achievement failures.
Talk of shame: Conflict-related sexual violence and bilateral critique within the United Nations
Authors: Johansson Karin
Published: May 2023

Conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV) is an increasingly consequential crime to perpetrate – at least if we limit our view to reactions within multilateral institutions such as the United Nations (UN) Security Council. Turning to the state-led forum for human rights: the UN Universal Periodic Review (UPR), this study instead uncovers sparse and highly selective condemnation of CRSV. By extracting data on all bilateral shaming relating to sexual violence in the UPR since its inception in 2008, this article demonstrates that only 5% of all governments take the opportunity to condemn major sexual aggressors. The findings should adjust our expectations on the progress rate within the policy field of CRSV and advance our understanding of the challenges tainting international negotiations on the topic.
Caring is sharing: Why independent commissions in post-conflict societies have power-sharing arrangements
Authors: Walsh Dawn , Neudorfer Natascha S
Published: May 2023

The inclusion of conflict parties in independent commissions through power-sharing has been found to reduce the reoccurrence of conflict. Yet, the theoretical and empirical literature explaining why independent commissions include power-sharing is very limited. Previous publications have focused on in-depth case studies that explain how power-sharing prevents conflict recurrence in specific post-conflict societies but do not provide a general argument or widescale testing beyond individual case studies. This article provides a new systematic, general theoretical argument and novel empirical testing that explains why there is power-sharing on some commissions but not others. We argue that conflict parties adopt power-sharing provisions in independent commissions because doing so allows them to overcome significant credible commitments problems that are inherent to the ending of intrastate conflict. Using a new and comprehensive dataset, Independent Commissions in Post-Conflict Societies, which includes information on 580 commissions (1990–2016), this article applies a combination of decision trees and regression analysis to test our hypotheses. The findings indicate that power-sharing is adopted where credible commitment problems are acute and show that commissions working on political or security issues and those with monitoring or verification roles, or that work on the implementation of peace agreements, are more likely to include power-sharing arrangements.
Psychological Distress and Negative Emotions in Post-COVID Infection: A Comparative Study of the COVID and NO-COVID Young Patients
Authors: Ranieri Jessica , Guerra Federica , Cilli Eleonora , Martelli Alessandra , Capuani Anika , Di Giacomo Dina
Published: May 2023

According to the literature, mental health assumed urgent relevance, and several scholars are debating on the enduring of the neurological and psychiatric symptoms in post COVID patients. Our study aimed to investigate the emotional dimensions in young population to the COVID exposition: primary endpoint was to detect the psychological distress up to 3 months in post-COVID-19. A comparative study was conducted among young adults in Italy. We also assessed dysphoria, depression, anxiety, stress symptoms, pessimism, and positive personality traits. The participants were 140 Italian young aged 18–30 years (mean = 22.1, SD ± 2.65; 65.0% female). The sample was distinguished in two groups: COVID and NO-COVID groups. The results revealed that young who have been exposed to COVID-19 infection evidenced emotional vulnerability by higher psychological distress (depression, anxiety, stress), dysphoria signs (irritability, discontent, interpersonal resentment, and feelings of renunciation/surrender) then No COVID-19 infection young. Furthermore, COVID patients showed higher negative emotions about the expected life, uncertain for future, and loss of motivation (characterized no desires) than NO-COVID infection. In conclusion, the vulnerability of young exposed to COVID infection even in mild severity should be considered as emerging unmet need of mental health recovering: urgent health policy actions to boost the psychological, biological and social strategic pillar for young generation.
Characteristics of Public Health Registered Nurses and Advanced Practice Registered Nurses: Lessons Learned From the 2018 National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses
Authors: Choi Yongjin , Armstrong David P. , Moore Jean
Published: May 2023

Objectives:

Little research has compared the demographic and practice characteristics of registered nurses (RNs) who work in public health (PH RNs) with other RNs and advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) who work in public health (PH APRNs) with other APRNs. We examined differences in characteristics between PH RNs and other RNs and between PH APRNs and other APRNs.

Methods:

Using the 2018 National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses (N = 43 960), we examined demographic and practice characteristics, training needs, job satisfaction, and wages of PH RNs compared with other RNs and PH APRNs compared with other APRNs. We used independent sample t tests to determine significant differences between PH RNs and other RNs and between PH APRNs and other APRNs.

Results:

On average, PH RNs and PH APRNs earned significantly less than other RNs ($7082 difference) and APRNs ($16 362 difference) (both P < .001). However, their job satisfaction was comparable. PH RNs and PH APRNs were also significantly more likely than other RNs and APRNs to report the need for more training in social determinants of health (20 [ P < .001] and 9 [ P = .04] percentage points higher, respectively), working in medically underserved communities (25 and 23 percentage points higher, respectively [ P < .001 for both]), population-based health (23 and 20 percentage points higher, respectively [ P < .001 for both]), and mental health (13 and 8 percentage points higher, respectively [ P < .001 for both]).

Conclusions:

Efforts that expand public health infrastructure and workforce development must consider the value of a diverse public health nursing workforce to protect community health. Future studies should include more detailed analyses of PH RNs and PH APRNs and their roles.
Patient-Centered Care Through Nurse Practitioner–Led Integrated Behavioral Health: A Case Study
Authors: Weston Cindy , Wells-Beede Elizabeth , Salazar Alice , Poston Doris , Brown Sandra , Hare Martha , Page Robin
Published: May 2023

Integrated behavioral health can improve primary care and mental health outcomes. Access to behavioral health and primary care services in Texas is in crisis because of high uninsurance rates, regulatory restrictions, and lack of workforce. To address gaps in access to care, a partnership formed among a large local mental health authority in central Texas, a federally designated rural health clinic, and the Texas A&M University School of Nursing to create an interprofessional team-based health care delivery model led by nurse practitioners in rural and medically underserved areas of central Texas. Academic–practice partners identified 5 clinics for an integrated behavioral health care delivery model. From July 1, 2020, through December 31, 2021, a total of 3183 patient visits were completed. Patients were predominantly female (n = 1719, 54%) and Hispanic (n = 1750, 55%); 1050 (33%) were living at or below the federal poverty level; and 1400 (44%) were uninsured. The purpose of this case study was to describe the first year of implementation of the integrated health care delivery model, barriers to implementation, challenges to sustainability, and successes. We analyzed data from multiple sources, including meeting minutes and agendas, grant reports, direct observations of clinic flow, and interviews with clinic staff, and identified common qualitative themes (eg, challenges to integration, sustainability of integration, outcome successes). Results revealed implementation challenges with the electronic health record, service integration, low staffing levels during a global pandemic, and effective communication. We also examined 2 patient cases to illustrate the success of integrated behavioral health and highlighted lessons learned from the implementation process, including the need for a robust electronic health record and organizational flexibility.
MHD flow of nanofluid over moving slender needle with nanoparticles aggregation and viscous dissipation effects
Authors: Ali Bilal , Jubair Sidra , Fathima Dowlath , Akhter Afroza , Rafique Khadija , Mahmood Zafar
Published: May 2023

The study of boundary layer flows over an irregularly shaped needle with small horizontal and vertical dimensions is popular among academics because it seems to have a lot of uses in fields as different as bioinformatics, medicine, engineering, and aerodynamics. With nanoparticle aggregation, magnetohydrodynamics, and viscous dissipation all playing a role in the flow and heat transmission of an axisymmetric [Formula: see text] nanofluid via a moving thin needle, this article provides guidance on how to employ a boundary layer for this purpose. In this case, we utilized the similarity transformation to change the dimensional partial differential equation into the dimensionless ordinary differential equation. We utilize MATHEMATICA to include shooting using RK-IV methods after identifying the numerical issue. Several characteristics were measured, leading to the discovery of a broad variety of values for things like skin friction coefficients, Nusselt numbers, velocity profiles, and temperature distributions. Velocity profile decreases with increasing values of [Formula: see text] and increases against [Formula: see text] Temperature profiles enhances with increasing values of [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] The reduction in skin friction between a needle and a fluid can be observed when the values of M and [Formula: see text] are boosted. Furthermore, it was also noticed an increase in heat transfer on needle surface dramatically when [Formula: see text], and M were raised, whereas [Formula: see text] displayed the opposite effect. The findings of the current study are compared with prior findings for a particular instance in order to confirm the findings. Excellent agreement between the two sets of results is found.
Impact of green antioxidants on decreasing the aflatoxins percentage in peanut oil seed (Arachis hypogaea L.) during storage
Authors: Mohsen Esraa , El-Metwally Mohamed A , Ibrahim Amira A , Soliman Magda I
Published: May 2023

The present study conducted an experimental investigation to impede the degradation of peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) seeds and enhance their quality while being stored. The efficacy of eco-friendly chemicals such as ascorbic acid, salicylic acid, acetic acid, and propionic acid in seed preservation was evaluated over a period of six months. After a period of six months of storage in a greenhouse, an examination was conducted on peanut seeds that had undergone treatment. Rhizoctonia was observed after Cephalothorax, whereas Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Penicillium were the prevailing fungi throughout the storage period. The optimal outcomes were obtained from the conversion of acetic acid to propionic acid. The study observed a decline in seed oil, protein, carbohydrates, germination percentage, energy, index, length, vigour index, dead and rotten seeds, rotted seedlings, and surviving healthy seedlings, with an increase in storage duration ranging from zero to six months. The application of 100% propionic acid to peanut seeds throughout the storage duration resulted in decreased occurrences of deceased seeds, decaying seeds, and deteriorated seedlings. Peanut seeds that underwent treatment with green chemical agents of moderate and high intensity were found to be free of aflatoxin B1. The highest levels of chlorophylls a and b, carotenoids, and total phenols were observed in seeds stored in greenhouses and treated with 100% propionic acid and acetic acid extract. The application of propionic acid 100%, acetic acid 100%, salicylic acid 4 g/l and ascorbic acid 4 g/l proved to be the most effective treatments for peanut seeds, exhibiting the lowest total aflatoxin level of 0.40. The correlation coefficient between shoot fresh weight and shoot dry weight was found to be 0.99, whereas the correlation coefficient between root dry weight and shoot length was 0.67. The seed chemical analysis, seedling characteristics, and germination characteristics were subjected to clustering analysis, resulting in the formation of two distinct groups. The first group consisted of germination percentage and energy levels across all time points (0–6 months), while the second group consisted of the remaining characteristics. The findings of this research propose the utilisation of 100% propionic acid as a viable method for preserving peanut seeds and preventing their deterioration during storage. The application of 100% acetic acid has been found to be effective in enhancing the quality of seeds and minimising losses.
Association between neutrophil lymphocyte ratio and status of symptom control in children and adolescents with bronchial asthma
Authors: Radhapyari Lourembam , Verma Prashant Kumar , Kumar Vinod , Kumar Manish , Gupta Arvind Kumar , Bhat Nowneet Kumar
Published: May 2023

Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), an easy and readily available biomarker of systemic inflammation, has been less studied so far as a putative marker of asthma control. Our study aimed to assess its feasibility. A total of 90 asthmatic children, aged 5–18 years, diagnosed according to Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guidelines, were. Control status of asthma was assessed using the asthma control test (ACT) or childhood ACT and categorized as controlled group-1 (ACT > 19) and uncontrolled group-2 (ACT ≤ 19). The difference between mean values in both groups was analysed, finding a significant difference between children with and without a family history ( p = 0.004) and those with and without a need for admission ( p = 0.045). Also, a significant association was established between NLR and the type of severity of asthma ( p = 0.049), but none between NLR and age, gender, BMI, coexisting allergic rhinitis, or asthma exacerbation. Thus we found no significant association between NLR and symptom control status. However, NLR has the potential to be a putative marker of inflammation, although its relative status to CRP needs further studies.