bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
3D integrated monolayer graphene–Si CMOS RF gas sensor platform
Authors: Mortazavi Zanjani Seyedeh Maryam , Holt Milo , Sadeghi Mir Mohammad , Rahimi Somayyeh , Akinwande Deji
Published: October 2017

Integration of a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) and monolayer graphene is a significant step toward realizing low-cost, low-power, heterogeneous nanoelectronic devices based on two-dimensional materials such as gas sensors capable of enabling future mobile sensor networks for the Internet of Things (IoT). But CMOS and post-CMOS process parameters such as temperature and material limits, and the low-power requirements of untethered sensors in general, pose considerable barriers to heterogeneous integration. We demonstrate the first monolithically integrated CMOS-monolayer graphene gas sensor, with a minimal number of post-CMOS processing steps, to realize a gas sensor platform that combines the superior gas sensitivity of monolayer graphene with the low power consumption and cost advantages of a silicon CMOS platform. Mature 0.18 µm CMOS technology provides the driving circuit for directly integrated graphene chemiresistive junctions in a radio frequency (RF) circuit platform. This work provides important advances in scalable and feasible RF gas sensors specifically, and toward monolithic heterogeneous graphene–CMOS integration generally.
MoS2/Pt nanocomposite-functionalized microneedle for real-time monitoring of hydrogen peroxide release from living cells
Authors: Zhou Jin-Xiu , Tang Li-Na , Yang Fan , Liang Feng-Xia , Wang Hua , Li Yu-Tao , Zhang Guo-Jun
Published: October 2017

MoS2/Pt nanocomposites functionalized acupuncture needle for real-time monitoring of H2O2release from living cells.
Synthesis and derivatisation of ceric tris(tert-butoxy)siloxides
Authors: Friedrich Jochen , Maichle-Mössmer Cäcilia , Anwander Reiner
Published: October 2017

Heteroleptic ceric Ce[OSi(OtBu)3]3Cl(thf) is straightforwardly obtained from cerous Ce[OSi(OtBu)3]3(thf)2and trityl chloride and gives access to the terminal siloxy/methoxy derivative Ce[OSi(OtBu)3]3(OCH3)(thf)2.
Particle formation and growth from oxalic acid, methanesulfonic acid, trimethylamine and water: a combined experimental and theoretical study
Authors: Arquero Kristine D. , Xu Jing , Gerber R. Benny , Finlayson-Pitts Barbara J.
Published: October 2017

A combined experimental-theoretical study on the effect of oxalic acid on particle formation and growth from the reaction of MSA with trimethylamine in the absence and presence of water.
Trimetallic PtAuNi alloy nanoparticles as an efficient electrocatalyst for the methanol electrooxidation reaction
Authors: Bhunia Kousik , Khilari Santimoy , Pradhan Debabrata
Published: October 2017

Solvothermally synthesized trimetallic alloy nanoparticle is demonstrated to show superior methanol electrooxidation activity than their bimetallic counterparts.
Controlled optical characteristics of lanthanide doped upconversion nanoparticles for emerging applications
Authors: Ge Xiaoqian , Liu Jinliang , Sun Lining
Published: October 2017

We highlight the recent advances of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) in the field of emerging applications, such as dye sensitized UCNPs, photogene regulation, anti-counterfeiting, and super-resolution imaging. Finally, we discuss the challenges and opportunities in the development of these new applications.
Monolithic perovskite/silicon-homojunction tandem solar cell with over 22% efficiency
Authors: Wu YiLiang , Yan Di , Peng Jun , Duong The , Wan Yimao , Phang Sieu Pheng , Shen Heping , Wu Nandi , Barugkin Chog , Fu Xiao , Surve Sachin , Grant Dale , Walter Daniel , White Thomas P. , Catchpole Kylie R. , Weber Klaus J.
Published: October 2017

An innovative design for a monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell, featuring a mesoscopic perovskite top subcell and a high-temperature tolerant homojunction c-Si bottom subcell.
A high-performance SERS-imprinted sensor doped with silver particles of different surface morphologies for selective detection of pyrethroids in rivers
Authors: Li Hongji , Wang Xiaonan , Wang Zirun , Jiang Jiaqi , Qiao Yu , Wei Maobin , Yan Yongsheng , Li Chunxiang
Published: October 2017

Ag-MIPs were prepared through a multistep procedure, in which MPS and LC were selected as the template molecules. These materials could selectively rebind the templates and could be detected using Raman spectroscopy.
Magnetization switching in high-density magnetic nanodots by a fine-tune sputtering process on a large-area diblock copolymer mask
Authors: Barrera G. , Celegato F. , Coïsson M. , Manzin A. , Ferrarese Lupi F. , Seguini G. , Boarino L. , Aprile G. , Perego M. , Tiberto P.
Published: October 2017

Magnetic properties and micromagnetic simulations of large-area arrays of Co nanodots obtained by a fine-tuned sputtering process on a diblock-copolymer mask.
An ultrahigh thermal conductive graphene flexible paper
Authors: Ding Jiheng , Zhao Hongran , Wang Qiaolei , Dou Huimin , Chen Hao , Yu Haibin
Published: October 2017

Preparation of ultrahigh thermal conductive graphene flexible paper based on ball milling-exfoliated graphene nanosheets.
Facile construction of fascinating trimetallic PdAuAg nanocages with exceptional ethylene glycol and glycerol oxidation activity
Authors: Xu Hui , Wang Jin , Yan Bo , Li Shumin , Wang Caiqin , Shiraishi Yukihide , Yang Ping , Du Yukou
Published: October 2017

A facile method combining seed mediated and galvanic replacement allows the preparation of fascinating trimetallic Pd–Au–Ag nanocage catalysts, which exhibit excellent electrocatalytic performances towards EGOR and GOR.
Oligonucleotide modifications enhance probe stability for single cell transcriptomein vivoanalysis (TIVA)
Authors: Yeldell S. B. , Ruble B. K. , Dmochowski I. J.
Published: October 2017

TranscriptomeIn VivoAnalysis (TIVA) probes capable of single cell mRNA isolation were generated with stabilizing oligonucleotide modifications, with the goal of enabling transcriptomic applications in a wide range of biological specimens.
Morphology control and enhancement of 1.5 μm emission in Ca2+/Ce3+ codoped NaGdF4:Yb3+, Er3+ submicrorods
Authors: Dai Jiangyun , Yang Chao , Zhang Hong , Zhang Hua , Feng Guoying , Zhou Shouhuan
Published: October 2017

Irregular NaGdF4:Yb/Er submicrocrystals converted into uniform submicrorods and the ∼1530 nm emission was enhanced via Ca2+/Ce3+ codoping.
Viscoelastic properties of supramolecular gemini-like surfactant solutions in the absence of inorganic salts
Authors: Xie Danhua , You Donghong , Ying Shaoming , Song Binglei , Tian Jinnian
Published: October 2017

A bola-type cation and a newly synthesized anionic surfactant together generate a supramolecular gemini-like structureviaelectrostatic interactions, which facilitates the formation of wormlike micelles.
Photoluminescent carbon dots derived from sugarcane molasses: synthesis, properties, and applications
Authors: Huang Gang , Chen Xing , Wang Cong , Zheng Hongyu , Huang Zuqiang , Chen Dong , Xie Haihui
Published: October 2017

Photoluminescent carbon dots derived from sugarcane molasses were investigatedviacellular imaging and sensing for Fe3+or sunset yellow. The underlying mechanism of fluorescence quenching in the C-dots/sunset yellow system was also studied.
Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-l-proline)-catalyzed Claisen–Schmidt and Knoevenagel condensations: unexpected enhanced catalytic activity of the polymer catalyst
Authors: Zhang Hao , Han Mengting , Chen Tian , Xu Lin , Yu Lei
Published: October 2017

The heterogeneous catalyst is more active than the homogeneous one! The abnormal phenomenon is probably caused by the polymer, which enriches the reactants around the reaction sites.
Dimeric alumatranes as catalysts for trimethylsilylcyanation reaction
Authors: Kim Yoseph , Lee Kang Mun , Kim So Han , Moon Jung Hee , Kim Youngjo
Published: October 2017

First structurally characterized dimeric alumatranes with tricyclic five-membered rings were determined by single-crystal X-ray analysis and DFT calculations. New alumatranes were used as catalysts for trimethylsilycyanation reaction of aldehydes.
Wettability of monolayer graphene/single-walled carbon nanotube hybrid films
Authors: Chi Xiannian , Zhang Jian , Nshimiyimana Jean Pierre , Hu Xiao , Wu Pei , Liu Siyu , Liu Jia , Chu Weiguo , Sun Lianfeng
Published: October 2017

This work presents a method for fabricating monolayer graphene/single-walled carbon nanotube hybrid films. We found that the wettability of monolayer graphene has a half-transparent behaviour.
Reentrant wetting transition in the spreading of cellular aggregates
Authors: Beaune Grégory , Duclos Guillaume , Khalifat Nada , Stirbat Tomita Vasilica , Vignjevic Danijela Matic , Brochard-Wyart Françoise
Published: October 2017

We study spreading on soft substrates of cellular aggregates using CT26 cells that produce an extracellular matrix (ECM).
One step fabrication of mesh-reinforced hierarchic perforated microporous honeycomb films with tunable filtering property
Authors: Kamei Jun , Yabu Hiroshi
Published: October 2017

A stretchable and tunable mesh-reinforced hierarchic perforated honeycomb filter with highly ordered micron sized pores was fabricated by using the breath figure method.
Energy efficiency of mobile soft robots
Authors: Shui Langquan , Zhu Liangliang , Yang Zhe , Liu Yilun , Chen Xi
Published: October 2017

The article presents a systematic framework to evaluate and improve the energy efficiency of mobile soft robots.
Hyperbranched polyglycerol derivatives exhibiting normal or abnormal thermoresponsive behaviours in water: facile preparation and investigation by turbidimetry and fluorescence techniques
Authors: Zhang Yao , Wang Rui-Cong , Liu Hua-Ji , Chen Yu
Published: October 2017

Hyperbranched polyglycerol derivatives exhibiting normal or abnormal thermoresponsive behaviours in water were prepared and investigated in detail.
Remarkable high-temperature Li-storage performance of few-layer graphene-anchored Fe3O4 nanocomposites as an anode
Authors: Huang Mingbao , Chen Caihong , Wu Songping , Tian Xiaodong
Published: October 2017

A strong oxidant-assisted ball-milling route was adopted to synthesize few-layer graphene-anchored Fe3O4 nanocomposites, delivering remarkable high-temperature Li-storage performance.
Are we underrating rare earths as an electrocatalyst? The effect of their substitution in palladium nanoparticles enhances the activity towards ethanol oxidation reaction
Authors: Sarma Saurav Ch. , Subbarao Udumula , Khulbe Yatish , Jana Rajkumar , Peter Sebastian C.
Published: October 2017

The promotional effects of rare earth metals are exploited in enhancing the activity and stability of Pd towards the ethanol oxidation reaction both experimentally and theoretically.
Lipid-based DNA/siRNA transfection agents disrupt neuronal bioenergetics and mitophagy
Authors: Napoli Eleonora , Liu Siming , Marsilio Ilaria , Zarbalis Konstantinos , Giulivi Cecilia
Published: October 2017

A multitude of natural and artificial compounds have been recognized to modulate autophagy, providing direct or, through associated pathways, indirect entry points to activation and inhibition. While these pharmacological tools are extremely useful in the study of autophagy, their abundance also suggests the potential presence of unidentified autophagic modulators that may interfere with experimental designs if applied unknowingly. Here, we report unanticipated effects on autophagy and bioenergetics in neuronal progenitor cells (NPCs) incubated with the widely used lipid-based transfection reagent lipofectamine (LF), which induced mitochondria depolarization followed by disruption of electron transport. When NPCs were exposed to LF for 5 h followed by 24, 48, and 72 h in LF-free media, an immediate increase in mitochondrial ROS production and nitrotyrosine formation was observed. These events were accompanied by disrupted mitophagy (accumulation of dysfunctional and damaged mitochondria, and of LC3II and p62), in an mTOR- and AMPK-independent manner, and despite the increased mitochondrial PINK1 (PTEN-inducible kinase 1) localization. Evidence supported a role for a p53-mediated abrogation of parkin translocation and/or abrogation of membrane fusion between autophagosome and lysosomes. While most of the outcomes were LF-specific, only two were shared by OptiMEM exposure (with no serum and reduced glucose levels) albeit at lower extents. Taken together, our findings show that the use of transfection reagents requires critical evaluation with respect to consequences for overall cellular health, particularly in experiments designed to address autophagy-inducing effects and/or energy stress.
Abdominal obesity and colorectal cancer risk: systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies
Authors: Dong Yunlong , Zhou Jiao , Zhu Yun , Luo Linhai , He Tao , Hu Hong , Liu Hao , Zhang Yingliang , Luo Dan , Xu Shuanglan , Xu Lifen , Liu Jianping , Zhang Jun , Teng Zhaowei
Published: October 2017

The association between abdominal obesity (as measured by waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)) and colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been fully quantified, and the magnitude of CRC risk associated with abdominal obesity is still unclear. A meta-analysis of prospective studies was performed to elucidate the CRC risk associated with abdominal obesity. Pubmed and Embase were searched for studies assessing the association between abdominal obesity and CRC risk. Relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were pooled using random-effects model of meta-analysis. Nineteen prospective cohort studies from eighteen publications were included in this meta-analysis. A total of 12,837 CRC cases were identified among 1,343,560 participants. Greater WC and WHR were significantly associated with increased risk of total colorectal cancer (WC: RR 1.42, 95% CI 1.30, 1.55; WHR: RR 1.39, 95% CI 1.25, 1.53), colon cancer (WC: RR 1.53, 95% CI 1.36, 1.72; WHR: 1.39, 95% CI 1.18, 1.63), and rectal cancer (WC: RR 1.20, 95% CI 1.03, 1.39; WHR: RR 1.22, 95% CI 1.05, 1.42). Subgroup analyses further identified the robustness of the association above. No obvious risk of publication bias was observed. In summary, abdominal obesity may play an important role in the development of CRC.
Inactivated Lactobacillus promotes protection against myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury through NF-κB pathway
Authors: Wang Ni , Song Genhong , Yang Yang , Yuan Weiwei , Qi Ming
Published: October 2017

Although restoration of blood flow to an ischemic organ is essential to prevent irreversible cellular injury, reperfusion may augment tissue injury in excess of that produced by ischemia alone. So this experiment was designed to study the protective effects and mechanism of inactivated Lactobacillus (Lac) on myocardial ischemia–reperfusion (I–R) injury (MIRI). MIRI rat models were established by ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery for ~30 min and then, reperfusion for 120 min and divided into control group, model group, and Lac (106, 107, and 108 cfu/kg) groups. At the end of the test, the creatine kinase (CK) activity, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were assayed by corresponding kits. The heart was obtained from rats and the myocardial infarction area was determined by TTC staining and myocardial endothelial cell apoptosis rate was determined by Tunel kit. Besides, A20, IκB, nuclear factor (NF)-κB, and nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) were also assayed by Western blot. When compared with model group, Lac obviously reduces MIRI in the rat by reducing myocardial infarction area and the apoptosis rate of endothelial cells; reduce the serum CK, LDH, and MDA content; increase the serum SOD activity; and suppress NF-κB signaling and NOS expression in the myocardial tissues. Lac pretreatment can inhibit lipid peroxidation and effectively improve MIRI caused by oxygen free radical through inhibiting NF-κB signaling.
Low expression of miR-30a-5p induced the proliferation and invasion of oral cancer via promoting the expression of FAP
Authors: Ruan Peng , Tao Zezhang , Tan Aili
Published: October 2017

The study aimed at investigating the effects of miR-30a-5p on the biological functions of oral cancer cells and figuring out the potential mechanism. We first verified the low expression of miR-30a-5p and high expression of FAP (Homo sapiens fibroblast activation protein α) in oral cancerous tissues and their negative correlation. Then, the target relationship between miR-30a-5p and FAP was validated by dual luciferase reporter assay and biotin-coupled miRNA pulldown assay. After transfection in Tca-8113 cells and SCC-15 cells, MTT, colony formation, Transwell, and wound healing assays were performed to investigate how miR-30a-5p and FAP adjusted propagation, invasiveness, and migration, respectively. Mounting evidence supported that miR-30a-5p directly targetted FAP and suppressed its expression in oral cavity cancer cells (OSCCs). By suppressing FAP expression, miR-30a-5p significantly inhibited cell propagation, migration, and invasion. Therefore, miR-30a-5p might be a new therapeutic target for oral cancer treatment.
Understanding a role for hypoxia in lesion formation and location in the deep and periventricular white matter in small vessel disease and multiple sclerosis
Authors: Martinez Sosa Santiago , Smith Kenneth J.
Published: October 2017

The deep and periventricular white matter is preferentially affected in several neurological disorders, including cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) and multiple sclerosis (MS), suggesting that common pathogenic mechanisms may be involved in this injury. Here we consider the potential pathogenic role of tissue hypoxia in lesion development, arising partly from the vascular anatomy of the affected white matter. Specifically, these regions are supplied by a sparse vasculature fed by long, narrow end arteries/arterioles that are vulnerable to oxygen desaturation if perfusion is reduced (as in SVD, MS and diabetes) or if the surrounding tissue is hypoxic (as in MS, at least). The oxygen crisis is exacerbated by a local preponderance of veins, as these can become highly desaturated ‘sinks’ for oxygen that deplete it from surrounding tissues. Additional haemodynamic deficiencies, including sluggish flow and impaired vasomotor reactivity and vessel compliance, further exacerbate oxygen insufficiency. The cells most vulnerable to hypoxic damage, including oligodendrocytes, die first, resulting in demyelination. Indeed, in preclinical models, demyelination is prevented if adequate oxygenation is maintained by raising inspired oxygen concentrations. In agreement with this interpretation, there is a predilection of lesions for the anterior and occipital horns of the lateral ventricles, namely regions located at arterial watersheds, or border zones, known to be especially susceptible to hypoperfusion and hypoxia. Finally, mitochondrial dysfunction due to genetic causes, as occurs in leucodystrophies or due to free radical damage, as occurs in MS, will compound any energy insufficiency resulting from hypoxia. Viewing lesion formation from the standpoint of tissue oxygenation not only reveals that lesion distribution is partly predictable, but may also inform new therapeutic strategies.
Self‐aligned graphene transistor
Authors: Zeng Rongzhou , Li Ping , Li Junhong , Liao Yongbo , Zhang Qingwei , Wang Gang
Published: October 2017

A novel self‐aligned (SA) graphene FET (GFET) with small access resistance is fabricated. Only one photolithography is needed to define the gate and high gate capacitive efficiency is obtained using a metal gate‐stack. In addition, damages to graphene resulting from the plasma are avoided. The cap metal layer is used as an etch stop layer and the etched stem metal layer is used as a support layer, which leads to the simplification of the fabrication process and the formation of the SA structure. Based on the same gate length (3 µm), the normalized Gm of GSA‐GFET is 8 times larger than the reported SA‐GFET. Compared with the non‐SA‐GFET, the contact resistance of the SA‐GFET is reduced by 50% and Gm is 3.2 times improved.
Noise‐robust HRRP target recognition method via sparse‐low‐rank representation
Authors: Li Long , Liu Zheng
Published: October 2017

A novel target recognition method is proposed for high‐range resolution profiles (HRRPs) of radar targets under low signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) conditions. This method achieves good recognition performance for noisy HRRPs with discriminative sparse‐low‐rank representation. The framework of this method is constructed based on sparse representation and low‐rank representation, which are applied to extract the local and global characteristics of target HRRPs. To guarantee the noise‐robust and highly discriminative features of the HRRPs, dictionary learning is adopted. In the training stage, a discriminative dictionary is produced based on hinge loss theory to improve the recognition performance. Denoising dictionary optimisation is implemented for noise suppression during the testing stage. Experimental results on measured HRRP data demonstrate that the proposed method can recover the original HRRPs and significantly improve the recognition performance for HRRP test samples under relatively low SNR conditions.
Determination of torque‐speed characteristic for a two‐speed elevator induction machine
Authors: Cheraghi Mohsen , Bayati Booin Mohammad , Mahmoudian Esfahani Mohammad , Derakhshani Mohammad Mehdi
Published: October 2017

Two‐speed elevator induction machines, because of their economic usage, are still widely used in residential applications of low‐ and medium‐height buildings. In this study, a three‐stage method is presented for achieving torque‐speed characteristic with an improving low‐speed braking curve. In designing a procedure, firstly, a rotor aluminium alloy is changed for reaching the maximum torque at start‐up. Secondly, a skew angle of rotor slots is calculated for reducing pulsating torque and smooth high‐speed performance and finally, an intermediate ring rotor is proposed in order to reduce the effects of skewing leakage at a low‐speed braking curve. The proposed approach for this purpose has been investigated with a finite‐element method, and several prototypes have been constructed for confirmation and validation of the presented approach. The accuracy of the proposed analysis is confirmed by experimental tests and laboratory measurements are applied on all prototypes
ATLASGAL – Ammonia observations towards the southern Galactic plane
Authors: Wienen M. , Wyrowski F. , Menten K. M. , Urquhart J. S. , Walmsley C. M. , Csengeri T. , Koribalski B. S. , Schuller F.
Published: October 2017

Context. The initial conditions of molecular clumps in which high-mass stars form are poorly understood. In particular, a more detailed study of the earliest evolutionary phases is needed. The APEX Telescope Large Area Survey of the whole inner Galactic disk at 870 μm, ATLASGAL, has therefore been conducted to discover high-mass star-forming regions at different evolutionary phases.

Aims. We derive properties such as velocities, rotational temperatures, column densities, and abundances of a large sample of southern ATLASGAL clumps in the fourth quadrant.

Methods. Using the Parkes telescope, we observed the NH3 (1, 1) to (3, 3) inversion transitions towards 354 dust clumps detected by ATLASGAL within a Galactic longitude range between 300° and 359° and a latitude within ± 1.5°. For a subsample of 289 sources, the N2H+ (1–0) line was measured with the Mopra telescope.

Results. We measured a median NH3 (1, 1) line width of ~ 2 km s-1, rotational temperatures from 12 to 28 K with a mean of 18 K, and source-averaged NH3 abundances from 1.6 × 10-6 to 10-8. For a subsample with detected NH3 (2, 2) hyperfine components, we found that the commonly used method to compute the (2, 2) optical depth from the (1, 1) optical depth and the (2, 2) to (1, 1) main beam brightness temperature ratio leads to an underestimation of the rotational temperature and column density. A larger median virial parameter of ~ 1 is determined using the broader N2H+ line width than is estimated from the NH3 line width of ~ 0.5 with a general trend of a decreasing virial parameter with increasing gas mass. We obtain a rising NH3 (1, 1)/N2H+ line-width ratio with increasing rotational temperature.

Conclusions. A comparison of NH3 line parameters of ATLASGAL clumps to cores in nearby molecular clouds reveals smaller velocity dispersions in low-mass than high-mass star-forming regions and a warmer surrounding of ATLASGAL clumps than the surrounding of low-mass cores. The NH3 (1, 1) inversion transition of 49% of the sources shows hyperfine structure anomalies. The intensity ratio of the outer hyperfine structure lines with a median of 1.27 ± 0.03 and a standard deviation of 0.45 is significantly higher than 1, while the intensity ratios of the inner satellites with a median of 0.9 ± 0.02 and standard deviation of 0.3 and the sum of the inner and outer hyperfine components with a median of 1.06 ± 0.02 and standard deviation of 0.37 are closer to 1.
Analysis of theSFR–M∗plane atz< 3: single fitting versus multi-Gaussian decomposition
Authors: Bisigello L. , Caputi K. I. , Grogin N. , Koekemoer A.
Published: October 2017

The analysis of galaxies on the star formation rate-stellar mass (SFR–M∗) plane is a powerful diagnostic for galaxy evolution at different cosmic times. We consider a sample of 24 463 galaxies from the CANDELS/GOODS-S survey to conduct a detailed analysis of theSFR–M∗relation at redshifts 0.5 ⩽z<3 over more than three dex in stellar mass. To obtain SFR estimates, we utilise mid- and far-IR photometry when available, and rest-UV fluxes for all the other galaxies. We perform our analysis in different redshift bins, with two different methods: 1) a linear regression fitting of all star-forming galaxies, defined as those with specific SFRs log 10(sSFR/ yr-1) > −9.8, similarly to what is typically done in the literature; 2) a multi-Gaussian decomposition to identify the galaxy main sequence (MS), the starburst sequence and the quenched galaxy cloud. We find that the MS slope becomes flatter when higher stellar mass cuts are adopted, and that the apparent slope change observed at high masses depends on the SFR estimation method. In addition, the multi-Gaussian decomposition reveals the presence of a starburst population which increases towards low stellar masses and high redshifts. We find that starbursts make up ~ 5% of all galaxies atz= 0.5−1.0, while they account for ~ 16% of galaxies at 2 <z< 3 with log10(M∗/M0) = 8.25–11.25. We conclude that the dissection of theSFR–M∗in multiple components over a wide range of stellar masses is necessary to understand the importance of the different modes of star formation through cosmic time.
Minimally Invasive Surgery for Resection of Parapharyngeal Space Tumors
Authors: Duek Irit , Sviri Gill , Billan Salem , Gil Ziv
Published: October 2017

Background Surgical removal of parapharyngeal space tumors (PPST) poses challenges due to the complex anatomy of the region. PPSTs are routinely resected by a transcervical approach using blind finger dissection. Large PPSTs or those located high at the skull base, often require transmandibular or infratemporal fossa approaches, associated with considerable morbidity.

Objective Here, we describe an approach for PPST removal that comprises transcervical endoscopic, with or without transoral robotic technique.

Materials and Methods We retrospectively studied the demographic, clinical, surgical, and outcome data of 11 consecutive patients who underwent PPST excision between June 2013 and July 2017 at our center. Patients either underwent a transcervical endoscopic procedure (n = 4), a transoral robotic procedure (n = 2) or a combination of the two procedures (n = 5).

Results Complete tumor excision was achieved in all cases, with no intra-, peri-, or postoperative complications. Final histopathologic findings demonstrated pleomorphic adenoma for seven patients, cavernous hemangioma for one patient, and malignant tumors for three patients. The average tumor size was 44.22 ± 31.9 cm3 (range: 7.5–111 cm3). At follow-up (range: 3–42 months), there was no evidence of recurrence.

Conclusions The approach described provides improved visualization and safe vascular control with minimum tumor stress, preventing the need for blind finger dissection, and allowing complete tumor removal while minimizing tumor spillage, nerve injury, and blood loss, maintaining excellent cosmetic and functional results. This approach could be utilized for the removal of large benign PPST, or small PPST located high.
Tight uniform continuity bounds for the quantum conditional mutual information, for the Holevo quantity, and for capacities of quantum channels
Authors: Shirokov M. E.
Published: October 2017

We start with Fannes’ type and Winter’s type tight (uniform) continuity bounds for the quantum conditional mutual information and their specifications for states of special types. Then we analyse continuity of the Holevo quantity with respect to nonequivalent metrics on the set of discrete ensembles of quantum states. We show that the Holevo quantity is continuous on the set of all ensembles of m states with respect to all the metrics if either m or the dimension of underlying Hilbert space is finite and obtain Fannes’ type tight continuity bounds for the Holevo quantity in this case. In the general case, conditions for local continuity of the Holevo quantity for discrete and continuous ensembles are found. Winter’s type tight continuity bound for the Holevo quantity under constraint on the average energy of ensembles is obtained and applied to the system of quantum oscillators. The above results are used to obtain tight and close-to-tight continuity bounds for basic capacities of finite-dimensional channels (significantly refining the Leung-Smith continuity bounds).
Convective heat transfer in non-uniformly heated corrugated slots
Authors: Abtahi Arman , Floryan J. M.
Published: October 2017

An analysis of heat transfer in non-uniformly heated corrugated slots has been carried out. A sinusoidal corrugation is placed at the lower plate that is exposed to heating consisting of uniform and sinusoidal components, while the upper smooth plate is kept isothermal. The phase difference ΩTL describes the shift between the heating and geometric non-uniformities. The analysis is limited to heating conditions that do not give rise to secondary motions. Depending on ΩTL, the conductive heat flow is directed either upwards, or downwards, or is eliminated. Its magnitude is smallest for the long-wavelength systems and largest for the short-wavelength systems, and it increases proportionally to the corrugation amplitude and heating intensity. The same heating creates horizontal temperature gradients that give rise to convection whose form depends on ΩTL. Convection consists of counter-rotating rolls with the size dictated by the system wavelength when the hot spots (points of maximum temperature) overlap either with the corrugation tips or with the corrugation bottoms. Thermal drift forms for all other values of ΩTL. The convective heat flow is always directed upwards, and it is the largest in systems with wavelengths comparable to the slot height. The magnitude of the overall heat flow increases proportionally to the heating intensity when conductive effects dominate and proportionally to the second power of the heating intensity when convection dominates. It also increases proportionally to the corrugation amplitude. The system characteristics are dictated by convection when the relative position of the heating and corrugation patterns eliminates conduction. Addition of the uniform heating component amplifies the above processes, while uniform cooling reduces them. The processes described above are qualitatively similar for all Prandtl numbers of practical interest with the magnitude of the convective heat flow increasing with Pr.
Representation of microstructural features and magnetic anisotropy of electrical steels in an energy-based vector hysteresis model
Authors: Jacques Kevin , Steentjes Simon , Henrotte François , Geuzaine Christophe , Hameyer Kay
Published: October 2017

This paper demonstrates how the statistical distribution of pinning fields in a ferromagnetic material can be identified systematically from standard magnetic measurements, Epstein frame or Single Sheet Tester (SST). The correlation between the pinning field distribution and microstructural parameters of the material is then analyzed.
High-dimensional neural network potentials for solvation: The case of protonated water clusters in helium
Authors: Schran Christoph , Uhl Felix , Behler Jörg , Marx Dominik
Published: October 2017

The design of accurate helium-solute interaction potentials for the simulation of chemically complex molecules solvated in superfluid helium has long been a cumbersome task due to the rather weak but strongly anisotropic nature of the interactions. We show that this challenge can be met by using a combination of an effective pair potential for the He–He interactions and a flexible high-dimensional neural network potential (NNP) for describing the complex interaction between helium and the solute in a pairwise additive manner. This approach yields an excellent agreement with a mean absolute deviation as small as 0.04 kJ mol−1 for the interaction energy between helium and both hydronium and Zundel cations compared with coupled cluster reference calculations with an energetically converged basis set. The construction and improvement of the potential can be performed in a highly automated way, which opens the door for applications to a variety of reactive molecules to study the effect of solvation on the solute as well as the solute-induced structuring of the solvent. Furthermore, we show that this NNP approach yields very convincing agreement with the coupled cluster reference for properties like many-body spatial and radial distribution functions. This holds for the microsolvation of the protonated water monomer and dimer by a few helium atoms up to their solvation in bulk helium as obtained from path integral simulations at about 1 K.
Half-metallic compensated ferrimagnetism with a tunable compensation point over a wide temperature range in the Mn-Fe-V-Al Heusler system
Authors: Stinshoff Rolf , Fecher Gerhard H. , Chadov Stanislav , Nayak Ajaya K. , Balke Benjamin , Ouardi Siham , Nakamura Tetsuya , Felser Claudia
Published: October 2017

The cubic Heusler compound Mn1.5FeV0.5Al with the L21 Heusler structure is the first fully compensated half-metallic ferrimagnet with 24 valence electrons. The ferrimagnetic state can be tuned by changing the composition such that the compensation point appears at finite temperatures ranging from 0 K up to 226 K, while retaining half-metallicity in the system. In this paper, the structural, magnetic and transport properties of the Mn-Fe-V-Al system are discussed. Magnetic reversal and a change of sign of the anomalous Hall effect were observed at the compensation point, which gives rise to a sublattice spin-crossing. These materials present new possibilities for potential spintronic devices because of their advantageous properties such as imperceptibility to external fields, lower power consumption and ultrafast switching in the THz region.
Generalization of fewest-switches surface hopping for coherences
Authors: Tempelaar Roel , Reichman David R.
Published: October 2017

Fewest-switches surface hopping (FSSH) is perhaps the most widely used mixed quantum-classical approach for the modeling of non-adiabatic processes, but its original formulation is restricted to (adiabatic) population terms of the quantum density matrix, leaving its implementations with an inconsistency in the treatment of populations and coherences. In this article, we propose a generalization of FSSH that treats both coherence and population terms on equal footing and which formally reduces to the conventional FSSH algorithm for the case of populations. This approach, coherent fewest-switches surface hopping (C-FSSH), employs a decoupling of population relaxation and pure dephasing and involves two replicas of the classical trajectories interacting with two active surfaces. Through extensive benchmark calculations of a spin-boson model involving a Debye spectral density, we demonstrate the potential of C-FSSH to deliver highly accurate results for a large region of parameter space. Its uniform description of populations and coherences is found to resolve incorrect behavior observed for conventional FSSH in various cases, in particular at low temperature, while the parameter space regions where it breaks down are shown to be quite limited. Its computational expenses are virtually identical to conventional FSSH.
Effects of external electric field and anisotropic long-range reactivity on charge separation probability
Authors: Lee Kyusup , Lee Seonghoon , Choi Cheol Ho , Lee Sangyoub
Published: October 2017

We consider the effects of external electric field and anisotropic long-range reactivity on the recombination dynamics of a geminate charge pair. A closed-form analytic expression for the ultimate separation probability of the pair is presented. In previous theories, analytic expressions for the separation probability were obtained only for the case where the recombination reaction can be assumed to occur at a contact separation. For this case, Noolandi and Hong obtained an exact solution, but their expression for the separation probability was too complicated to evaluate. Hence an approximate analytic expression proposed by Braun has been widely used. However, Braun’s expression overestimates the separation probability when the electric field is large. In this work, we present an approximate analytic expression that is accurate enough for all parameter values. In addition, the expression is also applicable when the interaction between the geminate charge pair is described by screened Coulombic potential, and the recombination reaction has an anisotropic and long-range reactivity. We also provide the expression for the separation probability when the initial separation between the geminate charge pair is larger than the contact distance.
High-performance near-field electroluminescent refrigeration device consisting of a GaAs light emitting diode and a Si photovoltaic cell
Authors: Chen Kaifeng , Xiao Tianyao P. , Santhanam Parthiban , Yablonovitch Eli , Fan Shanhui
Published: October 2017

We consider a near-field electroluminescent refrigeration device. The device uses a GaAs light emitting diode as the cold side, and a Si photovoltaic cell as the hot side. The two sides are brought in close proximity to each other across a vacuum gap. The cooling is achieved by applying a positive bias on the GaAs light emitting diode. We show that the choice of GaAs and Si here can suppress the non-idealities for electroluminescent cooling purposes: GaAs has a wide bandgap with low Auger recombination, and Si is a non-polar semiconductor which leads to significantly reduced sub-bandgap heat transfer. We show that by using this configuration in the near-field regime, the cooling power density can reach 105 W/m2 even in the presence of realistic Auger recombination and Shockley-Read-Hall recombination. In addition, with photovoltaic power recovery from the Si cell, the efficiency of the device can be further improved. Our work points to the significant potential of combining near-field heat transfer with active semiconductor devices for the control of heat flow.
Current research gaps: a global systematic review of HIV and sexually transmissible infections among transgender populations
Authors: MacCarthy Sarah , Poteat Tonia , Xia Zhiyu , Roque Nicolette L. , (Hyun Jin) Kim Ashley , Baral Stefan , Reisner Sari L.
Published: October 2017

Transgender populations are heavily burdened by HIV and other sexually transmissible infections (STIs). However, data on co-infection with HIV and STIs among transgender people are limited. A systematic review was conducted of peer-reviewed articles and conference abstracts between January 2010 and November 2015 that focussed on HIV and STI infections among transgender populations globally. The literature was synthesised and opportunities for improving health research were commented on. Few studies reported HIV–STI co-infection (n = 4), while the majority of studies reported HIV and STI infections separately (n = 23). Most studies were conducted outside of the USA (n = 19), and all but one of these studies reported data on transgender women only. Among USA-based studies (n = 8), several reported data on both transgender men and transgender women (n = 3), whereas other studies reported exclusively on transgender men (n = 1) or transgender women (n = 4). Understanding HIV and STIs among transgender people requires research that simultaneously considers multilevel drivers of vulnerabilities. More data are needed on how the interaction of individual determinants, including biological risks of transmission, programmatic determinants such as service-delivery models and policy-level determinants including institutionalised stigma in healthcare settings, influence the HIV- and STI-related outcomes of transgender populations. Leveraging the knowledge of transgender-specific determinants of HIV and STIs should guide the content and approaches to future HIV and STI prevention and treatment efforts.
Digital mapping of soil erodibility for water erosion in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Yang Xihua , Gray Jonathan , Chapman Greg , Zhu Qinggaozi , Tulau Mitch , McInnes-Clarke Sally
Published: October 2017

Soil erodibility represents the soil’s response to rainfall and run-off erosivity and is related to soil properties such as organic matter content, texture, structure, permeability and aggregate stability. Soil erodibility is an important factor in soil erosion modelling, such as the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE), in which it is represented by the soil erodibility factor (K-factor). However, determination of soil erodibility at larger spatial scales is often problematic because of the lack of spatial data on soil properties and field measurements for model validation. Recently, a major national project has resulted in the release of digital soil maps (DSMs) for a wide range of key soil properties over the entire Australian continent at approximately 90-m spatial resolution. In the present study we used the DSMs and New South Wales (NSW) Soil and Land Information System to map and validate soil erodibility for soil depths up to 100 cm. We assessed eight empirical methods or existing maps on erodibility estimation and produced a harmonised high-resolution soil erodibility map for the entire state of NSW with improvements based on studies in NSW. The modelled erodibility values were compared with those from field measurements at soil plots for NSW soils and revealed good agreement. The erodibility map shows similar patterns as that of the parent material lithology classes, but no obvious trend with any single soil property. Most of the modelled erodibility values range from 0.02 to 0.07 t ha h ha–1 MJ–1 mm–1 with a mean (± s.d.) of 0.035 ± 0.007 t ha h ha–1 MJ–1 mm–1. The validated K-factor map was further used along with other RUSLE factors to assess soil loss across NSW for preventing and managing soil erosion.
Structure and information in spatial segregation
Authors: Chodrow Philip S.
Published: October 2017

Significance

The multiscalar structure of ethnoracial spatial segregation informs both urban policy and sociological theory, but existing methods for studying this structure have limitations. The tools developed in this paper enable flexible, multiscalar forms of analysis and visualization for spatial segregation. These tools illuminate how spatial boundaries between demographic groups contribute to overall segregation, those boundaries change over time, and the scale of segregation varies throughout a region. They apply to both ethnoracial and income segregation and can be used to study large geographic datasets.
Emotional positioning as a cognitive resource for arguing
Authors: Polo Claire , Plantin Christian , Lund Kristine , Niccolai Gerald Peter
Published: October 2017

This paper consists of a detailed analysis of how the participants in a debate build their emotional position during the interaction and
how such a position is strongly related to the conclusion they defend. In this case study, teenage Mexican, students, arguing about access
to drinking water, display extensive discursive work on the emotional tonality given to the issue. Plantin’s (2011) methodological tools are adopted to follow two alternative emotional framings produced by disagreeing students,
starting from a common, highly negative, thymic tonality. Through the analysis of four parameters (distance to the problem;
causality/agentivity; possibility of control and conformity to the norms) we describe how the emotional dimension of
schematization (Grize 1997) is argumentatively relevant. In authentic
discourse, it is impossible to separate emotion from reason. The conclusion section discusses the implications for the design of
argumentation-based pedagogical activities.
Butas a stance marker in Nigerian investigative public hearings
Authors: Unuabonah Foluke Olayinka
Published: October 2017

This study examines the kinds of stance thatbutas a contrastive marker signals in Nigerian investigative public hearings, with a view to exploring the contexts in which the stances are made. The study examines forty purposively selected investigative public hearing sessions which involve interactions between complainants, defendants and a hearing panel. The data are analysed qualitatively utilisingDu Bois’ (2007)interactional view of stance andMartin and White’s (2005)Appraisal system. Results indicate thatbutsignals epistemic, evidential, emotive and evaluative stances within the narrative, interrogative and closing contexts. These stances and their contextual patterns depend heavily on the roles, goals and knowledge of the participants as stancetakers who position themselves, and align with other participants and the wider discourse community in order to express evaluation and intersubjective positioning.
Visiting graves, tombs and shrines in Islamic Law.
Authors: Güney N.
Published: October 2017

This chapter explores the issues and concepts associated with the burial of the dead in Islam, the construction of graves and tombs and their visitation. It looks at the debate over the permissibility of visiting sacred sites like tombs and shrines in the Sunni legal tradition. In addition to discussing the evidence put forward by both sides of the discussion, it introduces the proper etiquette of visiting graves in the Islamic tradition and endeavours to reach a balanced conclusion.
A noncanonical function of cGAMP in inflammasome priming and activation
Authors: Swanson Karen V. , Junkins Robert D. , Kurkjian Cathryn J. , Holley-Guthrie Elizabeth , Pendse Avani A. , El Morabiti Rachid , Petrucelli Alex , Barber Glen N. , Benedict Chris A. , Ting Jenny P.-Y.
Published: October 2017

Recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns and danger-associated molecular patterns by host cells is an important step in innate immune activation. The DNA sensor cyclic guanosine monophosphate–adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) binds to DNA and produces cGAMP, which in turn binds to stimulator of interferon genes (STING) to activate IFN-I. Here we show that cGAMP has a noncanonical function in inflammasome activation in human and mouse cells. Inflammasome activation requires two signals, both of which are activated by cGAMP. cGAMP alone enhances expression of inflammasome components through IFN-I, providing the priming signal. Additionally, when combined with a priming signal, cGAMP activates the inflammasome through an AIM2, NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1 dependent process. These two cGAMP-mediated functions, priming and activation, have differential requirements for STING. Temporally, cGAMP induction of IFN-I precedes inflammasome activation, which then occurs when IFN-I is waning. In mice, cGAS/cGAMP amplify both inflammasome and IFN-I to control murine cytomegalovirus. Thus, cGAMP activates the inflammasome in addition to IFN-I, and activation of both is needed to control infection by a DNA virus.