bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pemanfaatan GIS (Geographic Information System) untuk Memonitor Kesehatan Tanaman Kelapa Sawit
Authors: Stefano Andrew
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini mengkaji dan menganalisis hubungan sensor visible dan inframerah drone dengan tanaman kelapa sawit kedepannya akan mudah melakukan memonitor tingkat kesehatan tanaman yaitu dari segi waktu dan efesiensi biaya. Lebih ke depan lagi sebagai arah tujuan jangka panjang adalah mengarah pada precision agriculture dengan memasukan unsur teknologi informasi dan mekanisasi pada bidang perkebunan. Metode yang digunakan adalah melakukan pemotretan/foto kepada blok-blok kelapa sawit menggunakan drone, dengan sensor visible dan inframerah. Hasil foto tersebut kemudian digunakan untuk analisis luas kanopi pada tanaman sawit. Luas kanopi ini bisa digunakan untuk menghitung jumlah tegakan kelapa sawit. Luas kanopi dipetakan berdasarkan bentuk kanopi dari sensor visible foto drone. Pada luasan kanopi yang dihasilkan, dianalisis lagi menggunakan foto inframerah sehingga didapat hubungan prosentase ketinggian pantulan inframerah dengan kanopinya. Prosentase ketinggian pantulan inframerah mengindikasikan banyaknya zat hijau daun atau klorofil pada tanaman tersebut dan diasumsikan semakin sehat tanaman tersebut.
Analisa Tingkat Pencemaran Air pada Sumur Gali Rt 15, Desa Bangun Rejo, Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang
Authors: Hadidjah Kemala
Published: February 2021

Kondisi sumur gali di RT 15 Desa Bangun Rejo, Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang ini memiliki kedalaman yang berbeda-beda dan warna tidak jernih ditemukan di sebagian sumur yang ada. Masyarakat sekitar masih memakai sumur untuk mencuci dan mandi. Sedangkan untuk konsumsi lebih memakai air dari PDAM atau mereka membeli dari depo air di sekitar desa. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kualitas air dilihat dari parameter Potential Of Hydrogen (pH), kekeruhan dan Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) pada air sumur gali di RT 15 Desa Bangun Rejo, Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang. Metode yang dilakukan adalah mempersiapkan penelitian di lapangan dan di laboratorium. Sampel air sumur gali diambil dan langsung dibawa ke laboratorium untuk dilakukan analisis TDS, kekeruhan dan pH. Proses analisa pH dengan menggunakan alat pH meter, analisa kekeruhan menggunakan alat Turbidity Meter, dan analisis TDS menggunakan alat Conductivity Pocket Meter. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ratarata nilai pH dari 7 sampel air sumur gali adalah 6,15; rata-rata nilai TDS adalah 237,14 mg/L dan nilai ratarata kekeruhan adalah 45,80 NTU; dimana pada masing-masing parameter dilakukan 2 kali pengulangan. Standar baku mutu air berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan RI Nomor : 416/MENKES/PER/IX/1990 Tentang Syarat-Syarat dan Pengawasan Kualitas Air menunjukkan bahwa nilai kadar maksimum yang diperbolehkan untuk kekeruhan 25 NTU, pH 6,5 - 9,0 dan TDS 1.500 mg/L. Dari ketiga parameter ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa sumur gali di RT 15 Desa Bangun Rejo, Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang, masih belum sepenuhnya tercemar.
Potensi Bahaya Kontaminasi Logam Berat di Lahan Bekas Tambang Batubara yang Digunakan Sebagai Lahan Pertanian
Authors: Sarie Haryatie
Published: February 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kontaminasi logam berat dengan menganalisis beberapa logam berat seperti logam Pb, Hg, Cd di dalam tanaman buah pisang dan buah pepaya di lahan bekas tambang batubara. Kandungan logam yang dianalisis akan dibandingkan dengan baku mutu kandungan logam berat tanaman menurut SNI 7387:2009. Data penelitian ini diambil pada tahun 2013. Lokasi yang diteliti adalah 2 lokasi bekas tambang batubara (2 lokasi lahan bekas tambang yang sudah ditanami pepaya dan pisang). Jumlah sampel tanaman ada 2 sampel (buah pisang dan buah pepaya. Kandungan logam berat dianalisis menggunakan alat Atomic Absorption Spectrofotometer (AAS). Hasil penelitian pada buah pisang dan pepaya menunjukkan pencemaran logam berat Pb karena melebihi bakumutu 0,5 mg/Kg untuk batas aman, sehingga berbahaya dikonsumsi manusia, kecuali logam Cd tidak terdeteksi, sedangkan logam Hg masih di level aman karena dibawah bakumutu 0.03 mg/Kg.
Studi Perbandingan Transpirasi antar Pohon di Hutan Kota Malabar (Penelitian Pendahuluan untuk Solusi Pengelolaan Lahan Kering)
Authors: Nuwa Rofinus Bu'u
Published: February 2021

Kekeringan merupakan salah satu masalah serius yang sering muncul ketika musim kemarau tiba dan berkepanjangan. Dari aspek hidrometeorologi kekeringan timbul dan disebabkan oleh berkurangnya curah hujan selama periode tertentu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui jenis pohon dengan transpirasi paling besar berdasarkan karakteristik daun dan hasil total transpirasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan pohon gymnospermae yang daun paling lebar yaitu daun pohon melinjo 1 yaitu lebar 5,3 cm dan jenis pohon angiospermae yang daunnya paling lebar yaitu daun pohon ketapang 2 yaitu lebar 18,4 cm. Jenis pohon gymnospermae yang daun paling tebal yaitu daun pohon cemara norflok 1 dengan tebal daunya yaitu 0,049 mm, sedangkan jenis angiospermae pohon dengan daun paling tebal yaitu daun pohon ketapang 3 dengan tebal daunnya itu 0,015 mm. Jumlah total daun paling banyak yaitu jenis glodokan sebesar 7809. Pada jenis pohon gymnospermae rata-rata jumlah uap air yang dihasilkan paling banyak adalah pohon Melinjo dengan jumlah rata-rata 1.428,07 ml. Sedangkan pada jenis pohon angiospermae, pohon yang paling besar menghasilkan uap air yaitu Ketapang dengan nilai rata-rata 9.607,6 ml. Dari hasil pengamatan, peneliti menyimpulkan jenis pohon angiospermae yang paling banyak menghasilkan uap air yaitu jenis pohon Ketapang, karena dilihat dari panjang daun, lebar daun dan tipisnya daun sehingga pohon ketapang yang paling banyak menghasilkan uap air.
Pembuatan Bioetanol dari Nira Kelapa Sawit Menggunakan Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Purwandani Ledy , Indrastuti Erning , Imelda Fenny
Published: February 2021

Pohon kelapa sawit tua (Elaeis quineensis Jacq) yang memasuki periode replanting berpotensi menghasilkan nira. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah menghasilkan produk bioetanol dari nira sawit yang berasal dari pohon sawit yang sudah tidak produktif dan ditebang dengan optimalisasi proses fermentasi menggunakan Saccharomyces cerevisiae dengan perlakuan kombinasi waktu fermentasi (24, 48, dan 72 jam) dan starter mikroba yang ditambahkan (5, 10, dan 15%). Proses fermentasi dilakukan pada suhu ruang (26-28°C). Penelitian dilakukan dalam tiga tahap. Tahap pertama adalah proses fermentasi. Tahap kedua adalah proses destilasi yang dilakukan pada suhu 78°C, Tahap ketiga adalah penentuan kualitas bioetanol yang dihasilkan. Parameter kualitas bioetanol yang diamati meliputi kadar etanol dan densitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar bioetanol dari nira kelapa sawit yang dihasilkan dengan perlakuan lama waktu fermentasi dan konsentrasi inokulum berkisar 3-8%. Perlakuan terbaik bioetanol dari nira kelapa sawit dengan penentuan metode indeks efektivitas adalah perlakuan dengan perlakuan lama waktu fermentasi 24 jam dan penambahan konsentrasi inokulum 10%. Rendemen dari bioetanol dengan satu kali destilasi berkisar 8-14% dengan densitas 0,9892-0,9938 g/L.
Inventarisasi Jenis Pohon Buah yang Dibudidayakan di Lembo (Kebun Hutan) di Kecamatan Sambutan, Kota Samarinda
Authors: Fathiah
Published: February 2021

Masyarakat Sambutan banyak mengelola Lembo (kebun hutan) yang merupakan salah satu pemanfaatan lahan secara tradisional dimana umumnya didominasi oleh vegetasi dan buah-buahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis dan manfaat yang diperoleh dalam pengelolaan pohon buah hutan. Metode analisis deskrirtif kualitif dengan wawancara kepada responden 0-10%.  Hasil yang didapat jenis buah durian (Durio zibethimus), kedondong (Spodias dulcis), kueni (Mangifera odorata), langsat (Lansium domesticum), melinjo (Gnentum gnemon), nangka (Arthocarpus interger), pisang (Musa Paradisiaca), rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum), sirsak (Annona muricata), sukun (Artocarpus communis), jambu air (Eugenia aquea). Pinang (Areca catechu), kelapa (Cocos mucifera), aren (Arenga pinnata), bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris), kopi (Coffea sp), kemiri (Aleurites moluccana). Manfaatnya sebagai pangan, pendapatan, obat, pewarna pakaian, bahan bangunan, dan bahan bakar. Pengelolaan pohon buah hutan di Lembo dengan melakukan kegiatan mengelola lahan antara lain (a) pemilihan lahan yaitu, dinilai masih sangat sederhana dengan melihat dari penampakan hutan, tajuknya hijau, sangat rapat dan lebat serta keadaan tanah yang berwarna gelap (b)  penyiapan lahan yaitu, penebasan semak belukar, penebangan pohon, pencincangan batang atau ranting, pembakaran, dan sisa pembakaran dijadi abu sebagi pupuk tanah (c) pembibitan yaitu, bibit tidak dibeli melainkan didapat dari hutan atau permudan alam  (d) penanaman yaitu, dilakukan dengan sengaja atau tidak sengaja (e) pemeliharaan yaitu, tidak ada pemeliharaan yang intensif (f) pemanenan yaitu, hasil pemanenan dinikmati setahun sekali (g) peremajaan yaitu, tanaman yang tidak produktif diganti.
Pemanfaatan Drone dalam Pemetaan Kontur Tanah
Authors: Andrew Andrew Stefano
Published: February 2021

Sejak tahun 2016 pemerintah melaksanakan percepatan pendaftaran tanah sistematik lengkap hingga pada tahun 2025 seluruh bidang tanah di Indonesia telah terdaftar. Pada tahun 2018 saja pemerintah menargetkan 7 juta bidang, dan tahun 2019 menargetkan 9 juta. Untuk mencapai target tersebut diperlukan teknologi yang bisa mengatasi hal tersebut. Drone, yang lebih dikenal Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) atau teknologi pesawat tanpa awak sebagai solusi untuk pemetaan tanah dengan target yang banyak, feksibilitas waktu dan areal pemotretan yang diinginkan, dan hasil pemotretan resolusi spasial yang detail serta biaya yang relatif lebih murah dibandingkan harga perekaman dengan satelit. Penggunaan drone untuk percepatan pemetaan tanah adalah pilihan yang tepat karena hasil pemotretan drone punya resolusi spasial yang tinggi sehingga sesuai dengan aturan pemetaan bidang tanah dan harganya murah.
The effect of firm life cycle on profitability: Evidence from Jordanian firms
Authors: Aldaas Abdullah
Published: February 2021

Profitability is an important performance measure and a related study based on the life cycle of firms is appreciated by researchers and managers. The impact of the financial crisis adds novelty to such research. This study discusses the impact of financial ratios on profitability of firms under the influence of financial crises. It is based on a sample of 42 Jordanian firms and uses panel data regression on an annual dataset for the time period 2000-2018. The study found mature stage firms to be explained best with the suggested model. The impact of current ratio on the profitability of all companies was observed as positive while the profitability is found to be negatively affected by debt for all life cycle stages except for the declining stage. Also, it is found that the declining stage firms need to rely on debt to stay profitable and sustain.
The nexus between global disruption due to the covid-19 and performance of the construction project
Authors: Jabeen Samrena , Sheraz Faisal , Haider Syed Arslan , Iqbal Shahid , Jahan Sarwat , Tehseen Shehnaz , Hussaini Tajwar
Published: February 2021

In the current COVID-19 pandemic, this paper attempts to empirically find out the increasing workplace bullying effect on project performance with employee deviant behaviour as a mediator, internal, and external locus of control as moderators. The random sampling technique was used to gather data from 777 employees, working in construction companies in Pakistan. The examination was established using WarpPLS software version 7.0. The results revealed that workplace bullying is positively associated with employee deviant behaviour which in return negatively affects the project performance. It can be inferred from the results that the “moderating role” of internal “locus of control” is insignificant; whereas the external “locus of control” significantly moderates the relationship between workplace bullying & employee deviant behaviour. The proposed research and hypotheses support social exchange theory and social behaviour exchanges. This study has clarified some unique points that are equally important for the managers, employees, and project-based construction organization as a whole. It is also recommended that once the pandemic COVID-19 passes, it would be the dire need of that time to re-evaluate that, what has been changed in terms of professional thinking, working & behaving as for as their project work and communication between the team members is concerned.
Corporate governance on financial distress: Evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Handriani Eka , Ghozali Imam , Hersugodo Hersugodo
Published: February 2021

The main objective of this paper is to explore the most significant determinants of financial distress of manufacturing companies in Indonesia and to provide explanations on this issue by using multiple regression models. With Modigliani and Miller’s and Trade-off theories were reviewed to formulate a testable proposition on the determinants of financial distress of manufacturing companies in Indonesia. Multiple regression models were used as a statistical tool to investigate the most significant profitability determinants of manufacturing companies in Indonesia. The Lisrel software was used to analyze 300 manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. It was found that institutional ownership, firm size, profitability, and board independence as variables had a positive relationship in an effort to avoid financial distress. Meanwhile, the board size variable had an insignificant positive relationship. The findings are consistent with the pecking order and financial agency theory which helps in understanding the application of financial distress studies for manufacturing companies in Indonesia.
The effect of service quality on job satisfaction: Evidence from Indonesian electrical owned state firm
Authors: Pangarso Astadi , Gilang Alini , Fatihah Nurul
Published: February 2021

The aim of this research paper is to test the effect of service quality on employee satisfaction at Indonesian electrical owned state company context. The data collection was carried out through questionnaire dissemination to 70 respondents. The respondents are employees in education and training at PT. PLN (Persero) Udiklat Jakarta. This type of research is quantitative, and sampling is done by non-probability sampling. The data analysis used was simple linear regression analysis. The research results showed that service quality still had a significant effect on participant's satisfaction in education and training, both simultaneously and partially at PT. PLN (Persero) Udiklat Jakarta. Employee satisfaction affected by 48.16% of service quality and the rest is 51.84% influenced by other factors that are not examined.
Entrepreneurial self-efficacy and small business performance in Pakistan
Authors: Khalil Muhammad , Khan Mukaram Ali , Zubair Syed Sohaib , Saleem Hina , Tahir Syed Nadeem
Published: February 2021

Entrepreneurial Self Efficacy (ESE) has gained immense importance in the past few years in the field of entrepreneurship. The focus of this study is to test the effect of each of the five dimensions of ESE and understand their importance in connection with firms’ performance. This study was carried out among small businesses entrepreneurs in Pakistan and a valid sample of 353 entrepreneurs was selected for this purpose. A survey technique was used for data collection and AMOS was used for data analysis. In line with expectation, the analysis concluded a significant positive relationship between ESE dimensions and performance of small businesses. It was also concluded that the Risk dimension of ESE contributes majorly in the improvement of firms’ performance whereas the financial control dimension of ESE contribution was least. It is also suggested that all five dimensions of ESE are important to achieve desirable performance outcomes.
Mosques as Bases in Scientific Flourishing Movement During the Lifetime of the Prophet (PBUH) and the Two-Rightly-Guided Caliphs
Authors: Atharizadeh Mahmood
Published: February 2021

Scientific movement in Islam commenced with the revelation of the first verses of Quran to the Prophet (PBUH) when He was ordered to Read. Then his divine mission, particularly, scientific one was started. The sacred places for fulfilling his scientific mission were mosques built by him and his companions in Mecca and Medina as well as other cities throughout Islamic territory.Unlike other temples, mosques from their early establishment played numerous functions like ritual, political, social, and educational ones, hence, the Prophet (PBUH) and His companions paid most attention to teach their followers and made them familiar with Quran and Islamic sciences in sacred places, mosques. The aim of the paper is to discuss scientific activities performed in different mosques during the lifetime of the Prophet (PBUH) and the first two- Rightly-Guided Caliphs.
A “resistência anormal” da África frente ao vírus da covid-19: esboço de uma análise de uma colonialidade do poder sobre a vida na África
Authors: Mvengou Cruzmerino Paul , Daher Claudia Helena , Dessartre Nathalie Anne Marie
Published: February 2021

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar um discurso velado de cunho colonialista que estaria por trás da surpresa do poder e das mídias europeias ao perceber a não-concretização da catástrofe sanitária que haviam imaginado para a África em relação à evolução da pandemia de Covid-19. Esse discurso colonialista estaria também por trás das intenções em testar vacinas no continente africano, uma prática que já era comum na época colonial. O estudo aponta e denuncia um aprisionamento dos povos da África subsaariana em uma relação assimétrica sistêmica de poderes que ainda persiste e que teria vindo à tona nos discursos midiáticos com a crise sanitária global.
Colonialidade: dimensões-chave e implicações críticas
Authors: De Lissovoy Noah , Fregoso Bailón Raúl Olmo , Maia Flavia Gulak
Published: February 2021

Emergindo da investigação sociológica e filosófica a respeito da história do encontro colonial na América Latina, a noção de colonialidade (assim como a teoria decolonial, campo mais amplo com a qual está agora associada) tornou-se um recurso teórico crucial para estudiosos de várias áreas. Investigações da estrutura e dos processos da colonialidade desafiam ideias amplamente aceitas sobre poder, conhecimento e identidade na modernidade, o que traz implicações significativas para a filosofia educacional. No entanto, os estudos sobre decolonialidade são menos conhecidos entre teóricos da educação do que a teoria pós-colonial, com a qual compartilha muitos interesses, mas também diferenças fundamentais. Em nossa apresentação das noções de colonialidade, descrevemos primeiro a história e as principais dimensões desta ideia. A segunda parte do artigo desenvolve várias das principais implicações da noção de colonialidade para estudiosos e educadores, com particular atenção para como essa tradição oferece uma forma de repensar categorias familiares para a Teoria Crítica e a Pedagogia.
Rumo a uma pedagogia colonial no/do Sul global
Authors: Ortiz Ocaña Alexander , Arías López María Isabel , Pedrozo Conedo Zaira Esther , Fiori Clayton
Published: February 2021

O presente artigo discute as relações interpessoais que se desenvolvem no espaço de sala de aula entre professores e alunos, considerando a importância dos conteúdos curriculares nessa interação. É necessário que os professores reconheçam a pluralidade e a diversidade das formas de viver, estar, ser, pensar dos alunos, de modo a não incorrer em ações excludentes fundamentadas na colonialidade. Decolonizar a educação significa, entre outras coisas, reconhecer que os indígenas, camponeses, afro ou surdos, chegam à universidade não apenas para aprender, mas também para ensinar. A decolonialidade da educação é alcançada na mesma medida em que a validade e a importância dos “outros” conhecimentos não formalizados pela matriz colonial são reconhecidas. Finalmente, se queremos implantar a biopráxis pedagógica decolonial, devemos fazê-lo com a intenção de configurar o pensamento decolonial, lembrando que as pedagogias decoloniais exigem que os professores desenvolvam o pensamento a partir das margens e da fronteira.
Remote Collaboration in Higher Game Development Education. Online Practices and Learning Processes of Students between Professional Routines and Psychosocial Challenges
Authors: Czauderna André , Guardiola Emmanuel
Published: February 2021

The development of digital games over physical distance is a common practice in the gaming industry, yet widely neglected in the curricula of digital game development programs at university level. The coronavirus pandemic, however, pushed project-oriented game programs all over the world towards an implementation of ad hoc approaches to remote development in their project-based courses. The present article demonstrates  practice-based research examining such a course and its 30 third-year undergraduate students of game arts, game design, and game programming, who remotely collaborated in interdisciplinary groups of two to five persons over the course of half a semester during Germany’s logdown in spring 2020. Applying a mixed-method approach including quantitative and qualitative analyses of survey data (n=22) and qualitative content analyses of students’ postmortem documentations (n=30), this exploratory study reconstructed the online practices, experiences, and learning processes of these students between their professional routines and psychosocial challenges. The results of this study can be used in curriculum development to inform the advancement of courses focused on the development of prototypes over physical distance, which may not only be relevant for the field of games education, but also for related creative and project-oriented fields of higher education, such as design, digital media, and software engineering.
Identification, Mapping and Ethnobotany of Plant Species in the Peruvian High Andean Wetlands: Stimulating Biodiversity Conservation Efforts towards Sustainability
Authors: Leon Jose Mostacero , Yabar Helmut , Medina Eloy Lopez , Estraver William Zelada , Castillo Jordan De La Cruz , Rivero Armando Efrain Gil
Published: February 2021

The high Andean wetlands of Peru provide not only the well-known ecosystem services such as water storage, flood mitigation, erosion control, and purification of water, but are also a source of income for local economies (as fodder), have medicinal properties, are a source of food, contribute to the development of ecotourism among many other uses. Economic and population growth have already damaged many parts of the high Andean wetlands including their rich flora. In order to promote the conservation of its diversity and unique flora, this study conducted extensive botanical explorations to identify and map the floristic composition of the high Andean wetlands of La Libertad, Peru, as well as their influence on local communities. The authors conducted explorations taking taxonomic, biogeographic and ethno biological data of the flora species as well as their therapeutic and economic botany. The study identified 64 species of flora distributed in 46 genera and 27 families including Asteraceae (with 8 species), Juncaceae (with 7 species), Poaceae (with 6 species), Cyperaceae (with 5 species), Licopodiaceae and Rosaceae (with 4 species each), Apiaceae, Gentianaceae, Orobanchaceae and Sphagnaceae (with 3 species each) and Poligonaceae (with 2 species). With reference to economic botany, it was found that 32.8% of species constitute resources with a very good economic benefit. The study concludes that it is imperative to take actions to protect the high Andean wetlands as they are ecosystems with great biodiversity. This study contribution expects to raise concerns regarding the increasing impact of economic and population growth on the loss of not only natural habitats but species as well. Conservation efforts will help protect the heritage of the Andes wetlands for future generations.
The quantum-cosmic view of technology in organizations
Authors: Rosini Alessandro Marco
Published: February 2021

This article reports the question of a new vision of using of the technology in the organizations. A quantum and cosmic vision how much the participation of all involved in questions of changes, where the systems boarding and the management of the knowledge are strong points toggle for the evolution of the man. However this will only be possible before a deep process of interior hashing of the human being.
The enterprises reorganization in the international trade
Authors: Silva José Ultemar da
Published: February 2021

This present article aims to make an approach to the international trade, showing the competitiveness in the business world, as well as the companies/enterprises need in preparing themselves to face the great competition in the international trade, into a more and more globalized and competitive environment. At the ending 90’s, facing to crises and so many other economic models, some Brazilian enterprises began to adopt an undertaken-mindedness searching insertion in the global market.
The institution's creation process according to Douglass North (1990) and a critical evaluation of north's logic
Authors: Passanezi Paula
Published: February 2021

This article aims to understand the institutions’ process of creation. According to the theory developed by Douglass North (1990) this is a logical process. The institutions are nothing else than a creation of human beings. Its creation is attached with the idea that it’s a way of improving its monetary gains. Unfortunately, the creation of institutions does not follow necessarily its logic. Human beings are creatures with feelings and emotions and the process of creation not always follows this description. It is necessary understand the logic inside each act if we want to understand the institutions’ process of creation.
Economia Solidária
Authors: Singer Paul
Published: February 2021

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Synthesis and biological activity of 2-[6-methyl-4-(thietan-3-yloxy)pyrimidin-2-ylthio]acetohydrazide derivatives
Authors: Meshcheryakova Svetlana , Shumadalova Alina , Beylerli Ozal , Gareev Ilgiz
Published: February 2021

The synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of new 2-[6-methyl-4-(thietan-3-yloxy)pyrimidin-2-ylthio]acetohydrazide derivatives was investigated. According to the literature, there are a lot of antimicrobial agents among the pyrimidines and hydrazides, and therefore it seems promising to use 2-[6-methyl-4-(thietan-3-yloxy)pyrimidin-2-ylthio]acetohydrazide as a base object for synthesizing new biologically active substances. 2-[6-methyl-4-(thietan-3-yloxy)pyrimidin-2-ylthio]acetohydrazide was obtained by the hydrazinolysis of ethyl thioacetate, using a 3-fold molar excess of 85 % hydrazine hydrate in ethanol, at room temperature. Interaction of 2-[6-methyl-4-(thietan-3-yloxy)pyrimidin-2-ylthio]­acetohydrazide with ketones during boiling in ethanol yielded N-ylidenehydrazides. The solid obtained by concentration was collected, and then purified by recrystallization. The new compounds were characterized by 1H, 13C NMR, IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of the new compounds were analysed using agar diffusion and tenfold broth (pH 7.2 – 7.4) dilution methods, in comparison with the clinical used drugs, ceftriaxone and Pimafucin. The structure–activity studies showed that, depending on the nature of the hydrazide fragment, the newly synthesized compounds exhibited varying degrees of microbial inhibition. Within the same series the antimicrobial activity depends on the nature of the substituent attached to the benzene ring. The investigation of antibacterial screening data revealed that the compounds Nʹ-[1-(4-aminophenyl)ethylidene]-2-[6-methyl-4-(thietan-3-yloxy)pyrimidin-2-ylthio]acetohydrazide, Nʹ-[1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]-2-[6-methyl-4-(thi­­etan­-3-yloxy)pyrimidin-2-ylthio]acetohydrazide, Nʹ-[1- (2,5-dihydroxyphenyl) ethylidene]-2-[6-methyl-4-(thietan-3-yloxy)-pyrimidin-2-ylthio]acetohydrazide were found to be more potent than the other synthesized analogues.
Tradiciones críticas encontradas en torno a la literatura testimonial del Holocausto y a la literatura del testimonio
Authors: Cifre Wibrow Patricia
Published: February 2021

En el presente ensayo se analiza el posicionamiento adoptado por parte de la crítica literaria a ambos lados del Atlántico frente al testimonio en tanto que instrumento de denuncia de injusticias perpetradas en contextos históricos traumáticos. Ello se lleva a cabo a través del análisis de los escándalos por los que se vieron rodeados los testimonios de Rigoberta Menchú (activista guatemalteca que obtuvo el Premio Nobel de la paz en 1992), Enric Marco (Presidente de la Sociedad Amical de Mauthausen y otros campos y de todas las víctimas del nazismo de España) y Binjamin Wilkomirski (famoso por una autobiografía en la que describía sus supuestas experiencias en los campos de exterminio nazis). Las reacciones suscitadas por dichos escándalos ilustran el distinto papel atribuido a la categoría de la autenticidad testimonial y autobiográfica por parte de la tradición crítica surgida en torno a la Shoah y por parte de la que se ha desarrollado a partir de la literatura del testimonio latinoamericano. Lo que se pretende mostrar aquí es que las diferencias observables en cuanto a las delimitaciones trazadas entre los géneros ficcionales y los no ficcionales se ven fuertemente determinadas por la memoria cultural de cada país y por la distinta función social que se le asigna a la figura del testigo, función que depende esencialmente del posicionamiento adoptado frente a los acontecimientos más traumáticos del propio pasado nacional.  This essay examines the critical reactions to the scandals associated with the testimonies of Rigoberta Menchú, Binjamin Wilkomirski and Enric Marco in order to undermine the differ-ent comprehension and reception of Holocaust testimonial literature and Latin American ‘literatura del testimonio’. The critical responses to Rigoberta Menchú’s autobiographical dis-honesties as representative of the suffering of Guatemala’s indigenous people and to Binjamin Wilkomirski’s and Enric Marco’s false testimonies as Holocaust survivors show that the com-prehension of the testimonial genre depends in great part of the understanding of the limits between fictional and non-fictional genres, understanding which is strongly determinated by the different national memory cultures. The aim of this article is to critically challenge the role played by these different cultural memories in the reception of testimonial literature.
Atlas das barragens de mineração em Minas Gerais
Authors: Pinto-Coelho Ricardo Motta , Vieira Eliane Maria , Pio Fernanda Paula Bicalho , Almeira Viviane Fernandes de , Santos Rangel Eduardo
Published: February 2021

Nos últimos anos, o estado de Minas Gerais sofreu com repetidas rupturas de barragens que recebem rejeitos de mineração. Esses eventos causaram imensos danos humanos, sociais, econômicos e ambientais. Além disso, a recorrência desses desastres sugere que o gerenciamento desses reservatórios é defeituoso, impreciso e, provavelmente, baseado em premissas técnicas insuficientes ou até falsas. O planejamento e a construção de reservatórios que podem conter dezenas de milhões de metros cúbicos de rejeitos obviamente devem levar em consideração uma série de fatores, ambientais ou relacionados aos diferentes usos do solo pelos seres humanos. Entre esses usos, a urbanização deve ser tratada de uma maneira muito especial. No estado de Minas Gerais, existem cerca de 400 barragens que recebem rejeitos de mineração. Dados oficiais mostram que um número significativo dessas estruturas apresenta problemas relacionados à segurança de barragens. O objetivo do atlas é apresentar de maneira clara e objetiva e utilizando uma linguagem acessível a toda a população uma tipologia dessas barragens, dando uma atenção especial alguns muncípios considerados críticos e tratados como “casos de estudo”. As barragens serão agrupadas em diferentes categorias, segundo a sua localização, material acumulado, empreendedor, morfometria e em função de parâmetros ligados à segurança de barragens reconhecidos pelo governo. Em vez agrupar as barragens em função de suas características técnicas ou operacionais, o atlas classificou essas barragens em função da sua proximidade das populações urbanas que estariam expostas a uma possível ruptura.
Crystallization Process, Structure and Hydrogen Absorption and Desorption Properties of MgxNi10 (x = 20.5-26.5) Alloys with Hypereutectic Composition
Authors: DONG Xiaoping , CHEN Yafang , MA Yurui , LI Xu
Published: February 2021

We have analyzed crystallization process of the MgxNi10 (x = 20.5 – 26.5) alloys using phase diagram of Mg-Ni system. Their structure, atomic arrangement and crystal defects were tested by XRD, SEM and HRTEM, respectively. Hydrogenation and dehydrogenation behaviors were measured by pressure-composition-isotherm measurement. The results show that the crystallization processes of the MgxNi10 (x = 20.5 and 22.5) alloys are unlike those of the MgxNi10 (x = 24.5 and 26.5) alloys, but their room temperature microstructure all contain Mg2Ni and eutectic structure of Mg2Ni + α-Mg. The alloys are composed of Mg2Ni phase and α-Mg phase. The addition of Mg is beneficial to the formation of eutectic structure. The alloys have all good activation property. At a lower temperature, such as 200 and 250 °C, the hydrogen absorption rate and hydrogen saturation ratio are significantly lower than those of the alloy at the higher temperatures, such as 300 and 350 °C. At 350 °C, the hydrogen absorption capacity of the alloy increase and the hydrogen release efficiency of the alloy decreases with the increase of Mg content. The time of 90% of the amount of saturated hydrogen absorption and desorption of the alloys is not more than 10 and 2 minutes, respectively. The hydrogen desorption rate of the Mg22.5Ni10 alloy in the four investigated alloys is relatively large and up to 7.170 wt.%.min-1.
Thermal Stability of Mg/TeO2 Priming Compositions
Authors: ZHAO Xiang-run , YAN Nan , DAI Wu-si , YE Yao-kun , JIN Shi-xin , HUANG Jin-hong
Published: February 2021

The insensitive ignitors with magnesium/tellurium dioxide (Mg/TeO2) priming composition installed on the spacecraft will experience a harsh thermal environment. Therefore, it is necessary to verify their availability at extreme temperatures. Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Thermogravimetric Analysis (DSC-TGA) were used to analyze the reaction process of the Mg/TeO2 priming composition. The morphology change of the Mg/TeO2 priming composition after -70 ℃6d, room temperature, 165 ℃6d were analyze by digital cameras, scanning electron microscope (SEM), as well as the output pressure, ignition time, function time and firing sensitivity of the Mg/TeO2 priming composition under three temperature conditions were tested. The results show that in a temperature range of -70 ℃ ~ 165 ℃, the temperature conditions have an effect on the output pressure less than 5%, the influence of high temperature conditions on ignition/ function time and sensitivity is greater than low temperature. It can be used as a priming composition for insensitive ignitors at -70 ℃ ~ 165 ℃.
Preparation of Polyimide@Polypyrrole/Palladium Hollow Composites with Applications in Catalysis
Authors: FANG Xue , SU Guiming , SONG Meihui , JIANG Haijian , CUI Xianghong , ZHANG Xiaochen , CHEN Mingyue
Published: February 2021

Polyimide based hollow composites were successfully prepared by combining the situ and template methods together. Firstly, the complete words (PPy) shell was covered on the surface of polystyrene nanoparticles, then the polyamide acid and PdCl2 were covered on the surface of the materials after the calcination. Finally, PI@ PPy/Pd hollow composites were obtained by a chemical process. The structure and composition of composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy X-ray diffraction, thermo gravimetric analyzer and differential scanning calorimeter, respectively. Palladium (Pd) nanoparticles were densely and uniformly anchored on the surface of PPy shell due to the coordination interaction between amino groups on PPy backbone and Pd2+ ions. They are ideal candidates as nanoreactors for heterogeneous catalysis due to their special structure. The catalytic performance of PI@ PPy/Pd hollow composites were studied by the reduction of NaBH4 as a reducing agent. The catalytic performance of composites was characterized by ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometer. The PI@PPy/Pd composites showed excellent catalytic performance in the reduction of methylene blue with sodium borohydride as reducing agent. The dye completely turned colorless as seen within 2.0 minutes.
Study on Microstructure and Properties of Aeronautical Nickel-Based Superalloy in Laser Directional Solidification
Authors: CUI Aiyong , WEI Huakai , LIU Haodong , HU Bin , YU Hui
Published: February 2021

FFor the directional solidification repair of blade damage in an aviation turbine, a directional-growth repair layer on the surface of a nickel-based superalloy was prepared using an Nd:YAG laser. The microstructure of the directional-growth repair layer was investigated using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Its phase composition and corrosion resistance were also analyzed and tested. The results indicate that the grains in the repair zone solidified in the same direction as the substrate and formed continuous columnar crystals, which were arranged in an orderly manner. A small number of secondary dendritic cells were dispersed in the transverse direction of the columnar crystals. The phase composition was mainly composed of the α′-based phase, β-precipitated strengthening phase, MC carbide, and interdendritic α′/β eutectic phase. The corrosion kinetic curve of the repair zone changed linearly. The oxide film was uniform and dense, and was mainly composed of continuous granular oxide. The corrosion kinetic curve of the substrate conformed to the parabolic law. The oxide film was composed of loose and bulky granular grains, which were stacked in the shape of regular polyhedra and distributed in the form of an island.
Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior of AlCoCrFeNi HEA Particles Reinforced 6063Al Alloy Matrix Composites
Authors: YANG Shaofeng , LIU Zelin , ZHOU Zhiyuan , PI Jinhong
Published: February 2021

Lightweight composites consisting of 6063 aluminum alloy matrix reinforced with AlCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy (HEA) particles were fabricated by the powder metallurgy through hot pressing and hot extrusion under vacuum. A detailed microstructural characterization was carried out along with the analysis of mechanical properties. The results revealed that the observed uniform distribution of HEA powders and a good bonding strength resulted in an effective strengthening and increased plastic strain of the reinforced composite. The tensile properties of composites were effectively improved by the addition of 10 and 30 vol % of reinforcing HEA particles.
Use of Geoinformatics Techniques for the Assessment and Mapping of Soil Salinity: Concepts and Applications
Authors: Idowu Ojo Olumuyiwa , Francois Ilunga Masengo
Published: February 2021

Irrigated agriculture has a major impact on the environment, especially soil degradation. Soil salinity is a critical environmental problem, which has great impact on soil fertility and overall agricultural productivity. Since, soil salinity processes are highly dynamic, the methods of detecting soil salinity hazards should also be dynamic. Remote sensing data are modern tools that provide information on variation over time essential for environmental monitoring and change detection, as they also help in the reduction of conventional time-consuming and expensive field sampling methods, which is the traditional method of monitoring and assessment. This chapter thus reviewed the concepts and applications of remote sensing, GIS-assisted spatial analysis and modelling of the salinity issue in irrigation fields. Generally, compared to the labour, time and money invested in field work devoted to collecting soil salinity data and analysis, the availability and ease of acquiring satellite imagery data and analysis made this concept very attractive and efficient.
Evaluation of Ornamental Plants for Phytoremediation of Contaminated Soil
Authors: Ibironke Okunlola Adeyela , Nathaniel Arije Dotun , Olayinka Olajugbagbe Katherine
Published: February 2021

A completely randomized design with three replicates was conducted at the Screen house of the Department of Crop Soil and Pest Management, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo State, to examine the phytoremediation potential of Codiaeum variegatum and Basella alba on contaminated soils from four locations. Soils were collected from the Mechanic workshop, Dumpsite, Forest Topsoils, and Effluent site, and filled into the buckets. Initial soil analysis was conducted on all the soils to determine heavy metal concentration (Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb, and Zn). At 12 weeks after planting, soil and plant (root and shoot) samples were analyzed to determine the heavy metals accumulated. WHO permissible limit value for heavy metal concentration in soil and plant were used as a standard to evaluate plant phytoremediation potential. Results from the study confirm the phytoremediation potential of C. variegatum and its high tolerance for the accumulation of heavy metals. B. alba plant also shows its potential in removing heavy metals from the soil, but it was not as tolerant as C. variegatum as B. alba planted in soils from mechanic workshop and effluent site had stunted growth.
Agricultural Activities and Restoration of Lake Chad
Authors: Arnold Ombiono Kitoto Patrick
Published: February 2021

The disappearance of 90% of Lake Chad’s surface has brought riparian countries to elaborate a restoration project for this natural asset. The aim of this study is to estimate the benefits and costs associated with the realization of this project, in order to determine if it is socially profitable. The methodological approach use data from the contingent valuation survey conducted in 2011 in the Cameroonian part of Lake Chad and appropriate statistical and econometric procedures. First, we estimate the middle and long term benefits of the project to be €5,549,576.832 and €38,543,518.56 respectively. Then, we evaluate the costs generated by the implementation of such a project to €37,960,149.12. Finally, the social profitability of this project depends on the temporal horizon used by decision-makers. It is negative for an economic horizon and positive for an ecological horizon.
Remote Sensing and GIS-Based Soil Loss Estimation Using RUSLE in Bahir Dar Zuria District, Ethiopia
Authors: Ahmed Mohammed Nurhussen , Kidane Asmamaw Desale
Published: February 2021

The severity of soil loss in the Ethiopian highlands has been increased from time to time. Hence, the assessment of soil erosion using models is very important for planning successful and sustainable soil management. This study was conducted in Bahir Dar Zuria district, Ethiopia with aiming to quantify the amount of soil loss using the GIS-based RUSLE (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) model. Based on the study, the most pronounced RUSLE factor that increases soil erosion was the slope length (L) and slope steepness (S). Compared with other land uses, bare land and cropland in the higher slopes were more vulnerable to erosion. As expected slope and soil losses have a direct relationship. About 80% of the study area experienced annual soil loss of less than 1.2 ton/ha/yr. Conversely, soil loss was very high for slopes greater than 30%. This indicated that slope has a great impact on regulating soil loss. The annual soil loss for cropland, vegetation, grassland, and degraded land was 19.05, 8.78, 8.82, and 71.16 ton/ha/yr., respectively. This is to means that land use land cover have a strong relationship with the amount of soil loss. The same land cover with different slopes have different soil loss amount. It was found that lack of vegetative cover during the critical period of rainfall, expansion of croplands, and absence of support practices increase soil erosion. Thus, the application of stone lines, contour tillage, terraces, and grass strip barriers are suggested to break the slope length into shorter distances, reducing overland flow velocity and soil erosion. Moreover, improving the awareness of society to reduce the illegal cutting of trees and apply conservation practices to reduce soil erosion in their farmland is very essential.
Cytological Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases: Identification of Pathogens and Recognition of Cellular Reactions
Authors: Tsutsumi Yutaka
Published: February 2021

Cytological diagnosis of infectious diseases is as important as the cytodiagnosis of malignancies, because the detection of pathogens in cytological specimens is crucially valuable for prompt and appropriate patients’ treatment. When compared with histological diagnosis, cytology is strong at detecting microbes under Papanicolaou and Giemsa stains. Host response against the infectious agent can be estimated by the type of background inflammatory cells. Patterns of the inflammatory cellular responses against extracellular and intracellular pathogens should be recognized. Immunocytochemical and molecular approaches can be applied, even when we have only one cytology specimen in hand. The cell transfer technique is useful to create plural material from one glass slide for immunocytochemistry and other techniques. In case of transmissible disorders including sexually transmitted diseases, the prompt and appropriate diagnosis will avoid avoidable transmission of infectious agents among people, and eventually contribute to the safety of the human society.
Lipid Peroxidation
Authors: Onur Yaman Suzan , Ayhanci Adnan
Published: February 2021

Lipid peroxidation (LPO) is initiated by the attack of free radicals (eg OH ·, O2- and H2O2) on cellular or organelle membranes phospholipids or polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and with the formation of various types of aldehydes, ketones, alkanes, carboxylic acids and polymerization products. It is an autoxidation process that results. These products are highly reactive with other cellular components and serve as biological markers of LPO. Malondialdehyde (MDA), a toxic aldehyde end product of LPO, causes structural changes that mediate its oxidation, such as fragmentation, modification, and aggregation, especially in DNA and protein. The excessive binding of these reactive aldehydes to cellular proteins alters membrane permeability and electrolyte balance. Degradation of proteins leads to progressive degradation of the biological system mediated by oxidative stress. The chain reaction (CR) of LPO is initiated by the attack of free radicals on the PUFA of the cell membrane to form a carbon centered radical (R*). The O2 · - radical attacks the other lipid molecule to form lipid hydroperoxide (ROOH), thereby spreading the CR and forming the lipid peroxyl radical (ROO). These lipid hydroperoxides severely inhibit membrane functionality by allowing ions such as increased hardness and calcium to leak through the membrane. Damage to the lipid membrane and macromolecule oxidation can result in activation of necrotic or apoptotic tissue death pathways if severe enough.