bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análisis de la generación de GEI en la cuenca del río Bogotá (Colombia) y un panorama comparativo entre las cuencas de las capitales de México y Perú
Authors: Montenegro Diana Lucía Cristancho , Bernal Jessica Estefanía Rojas , Mesa Juliana Bohórquez
Published: February 2021

Este trabajo consiste en una revisión sistemática sobre el impacto de las actividades económicas, las plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales (ptar) y los factores climáticos (temperatura y precipitación) en la emisión de gases efecto invernadero (gei), enfocándose primero en la cuenca del río Bogotá y posteriormente realizando un análisis comparativo con las cuencas del Valle de México (México) y el río Rímac (Perú). Debido a que la principal contaminación de las cuencas está dada por descargas de aguas residuales, se han implementado las ptar para su mitigación. En esta investigación se presenta, el diagnóstico del estado actual de las (ptar), análisis de los factores climatológicos y meteorológicos, además de las posibles afectaciones a nivel salud, aplicando la metodología del ipcc de 2006. En el caso de la cuenca del río Bogotá, la mayor generación de gei corresponde a CH4 (82,163 %) y N2O (76,059 %), siendo la cuenca media la que reporta mayores impactos, así: tratamiento mixto (45,1 %) con mayor influencia del cambio climático, actividades económicas industriales con alto impacto (70,17 %), factores climáticos como bajas temperaturas y precipitación media. De las cuencas del Valle de México, la cuenca baja reporta mayor impacto, así: tratamiento aerobio (62,11 %), actividades económicas comerciales (56,10 %), factores climáticos con una preferencia de temperatura y precipitaciones altas. De la cuenca del río Rímac, en Perú, la cuenca media reporta mayor impacto, así: tratamiento mixto (49,4 %), actividades económicas comerciales (59,2 %) y factores climáticos como precipitaciones y temperaturas altas. La validación de los datos anteriores fue confirmada con el inventario nacional de gei reportado por cada país, evidenciando que el tratamiento, el tipo de actividad económica y el clima son factores que influyen en la generación de gei. Además, se encontró que las enfermedades cardiovasculares son las afectaciones más recurrentes ocasionadas por la emisión de gei.
Giftedness in the students of the second cycle of childhood education. Intervention strategies in the classroom
Authors: García Sandra Giménez , Nicolás Alba Hernández , Cano Marta Garrido , Alonso Jose María Rabal
Published: February 2021

In the present work, the main differences between the terms high capacities, gifted, intellectual precocity, prodigy and talent will be developed. In addition, it will explain how to work with gifted students.

Likewise, different intervention strategies will be exposed in the classroom that will allow us to attend to the needs and specific characteristics of children with high capacities. To do this, a questionnaire will be presented, based on the Likert scale, which will help teachers to gradually measure whether these intervention strategies are developed in the classroom or not.
Augmented reality applied to journalistic information: uses, advantages, drawbacks and challenges
Authors: Damas Susana Herrera , Quintana Rafael Ávila
Published: February 2021

La realidad aumentada permite superponer elementos virtuales en un escenario real mediante el empleo de tecnologías digitales. Esta innovación está siendo incorporada en diferentes disciplinas como la medicina, la educación, el ámbito militar y también en el sector de los videojuegos. Aplicada al periodismo, permite añadir un nuevo valor a la información haciéndola más completa, enriquecida y espectacular. El objetivo del siguiente texto es analizar sus usos, ventajas, inconvenientes y retos. Para ello hemos llevado a cabo una revisión de la literatura que hemos querido enriquecer con la visión de 6 expertos y profesionales implicados en su realización. Los resultados muestran que junto a innegables usos y ventajas, esta tecnología presenta también inconvenientes y desafíos. Uno de los más evidentes se refiere a la necesidad de dedicar recursos para adaptar los platós y las redacciones, formar a los equipos de grafismo, ajustar de un modo eficiente el criterio periodístico y el técnico, cambiar el proceso de producción de la información y emplear la tecnología con un sentido concreto que evite que quede reducida a un mero ejercicio de estilo. En todo caso, es muy posible que la tecnología 5G impulse definitivamente la realidad aumentada consiguiendo que su aplicación al periodismo resulte cada vez menos excepcional.
La Independencia Tecnológica de la Firma Digital para un Gobierno Abierto 2.0 en el Perú
Authors: Alcarráz Gino Brehan Aguilar , De Villa Percy E De la Cruz Vélez
Published: February 2021

La finalidad de este paper es presentar a la aplicación de la firma digital en un entorno web a través de la tecnología y fundamentos de la PKI con la ayuda de la invocación por protocolos que evita y previene las diferentes incompatibilidades entre las soluciones que deben coexistir dentro de alguna realidad informática ,ya que es un dolor de cabeza lidiar con integraciones complicadas, robustas y realizar pruebas de concepto que se resumen en tiempo, costes y recursos tecnológicos para que se pueda desplegar una nueva tecnología.

El duro trabajo de los desarrolladores, los directores de TI o gerentes es elegir una nueva tecnología que contribuirá al desarrollo de sus organizaciones deben tener el mínimo impacto en su infraestructura, y esto es un tema que siempre que uno se enfrenta.

Es por ello que en base a experiencias pasadas y en estudios realizados sobre la importancia y los avances significativos que ha sufrido la firma digital , se demuestra que es posible implementar una solución de firma digital web totalmente independiente de componentes terceros como applets de JAVA, JVM, ActiveX, plugins de navegadores y en definitiva de aplicaciones de terceros.

Esto ayudará a que se pueda tener un único estándar sobre el cual las entidades dentro del estado peruano puedan realizar la firma digital con valor legal y respaldo jurídico, creando un vínculo de no repudio con la información firmada digitalmente por el firmante a través de un dispositivos criptográfico en donde reside su identidad digital.
Metaanálisis impacto en la sobrevida del linfoma de células grandes B con rituximab como fármaco coadyuvante en el protocolo farmacológico CHOP
Authors: Figueroa María Fernanda Espinoza , Trillo Carlos Chávez , García Mariza Domínguez , Rodríguez Ghizzelth Priscila Durón , Chaparro Elsa Britsel Bojórquez , Armendáriz Rubén Rentería , Tapia María Elena Martínez
Published: February 2021

Antecedentes: El linfoma B difuso de células grandes (LBDCG) es un linfoma no hodgkiniano de fenotipo B y gran agresividad. Es una enfermedad propia de los ancianos, con un promedio de edad de 70 años y con un predominio en hombres. Es una neoplasia potencialmente curable, el esquema CHOP-21 (ciclofosfamida, vincristina, adriamicina y prednisona) permite una sobrevida del 40-50%. Diversos estudios han demostrado un incremento en la sobrevida con el uso de Rituximab como coadyuvante.

Objetivos: Determinar la sobrevida de pacientes con linfoma de células grandes B con el uso de rituximab como fármaco coadyuvante en el esquema CHOP.

Material y Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de rituximab como coadyuvante con CHOP, se identificaron ensayos clínicos aleatorizados, publicados entre 2013 y 2016, se utilizaron palabras claves y operadores booleanos para búsqueda y recuperación en bases de datos: The Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, Medline, Clinicalkey. Seis evaluadores validaron y seleccionaron los ensayos. Se realizó un meta-análisis en EPIDAT utilizando Hazard Ratio (HR).

Resultados: Los estudios contribuyeron 2537 casos de LBDCG. No hubo heterogeneidad en el HR. La sobrevida global a dos años fue del 93%, en el estadio Ann Arbor 1 de 51%, el estadio 2 del 94%, estadio 3 de 70% y en estadio 4 de 76%.

Conclusiones: Los resultados sugieren que el uso de rituximab como fármaco coadyuvante el protocolo farmacológico CHOP incrementa la sobrevida de los pacientes con linfoma de células grandes B. Siendo esta mayor cuando el tratamiento se utiliza en estadios Ann Arbor 2.
Potential role of L-ascorbic acid with Field cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus) meal in diets of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) during sex reversal and nursing
Authors: Perera Anusha D , Bhujel Ram C
Published: February 2021

A synthetic androgen 17-α methyltestosterone (MT) commonly used in the production of mono-sex fry of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) during the first 21 days for sex reversal has been considered to suppress immunity thereby reduce survival. Present trial was conducted to evaluate whether vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid, AA) supplementation would benefit in terms of survival, growth, and stress resistance. Nile tilapia fry were fed with isonitrogenous (57.8±0.2% CP) diets formulated using Field cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus) meal (approx. 79%) and fish meal (approx. 20%) to use as control, and five other diets were prepared by supplementing 10, 20, 30 40 and 50 g of vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid per kg diet). Eighteen aquaria or glass tanks (100 L) were used having three replicates per treatment. Each aquarium was stocked with 300 fish (0.01±0.00 g). Fry were nursed for another 91 days to check their sex-ratio. Gonad histology showed increased number of spermatogonia when L-ascorbic dose was 30g/kg diet. At the end of the feeding trial results indicated significant increase (P<0.05) in growth, feed utilization and survival when fed with vitamin C at the dose of 10 g/kg diet during sex-reversal and nursing periods as compared to the control. Similarly, hematological information also showed 10 g vitamin C dose per kg diet. Polynomial regression showed that the optimum dietary ascorbic acid doses were calculated at 15.9, 10.0 and 12.0 g AA per kg diet for highest survival (83.5% max), weight gain and SGR, respectively, but the doses higher than 20 g of L-ascorbic acid/kg diet was not beneficial. Highest apparent digestibility (AD%) of protein (84.1%) was at 15.37g and AD% of lipid (91.4% max) was 17.8g of vitamin C/kg diet. Salinity challenge test also showed highest survival can be achieved at 15.8 g AA per kg diet. As the survival of fry is the most important parameter at these stages, the dose which resulted highest survival i.e., 15 g/kg diet is recommended.
Resplendent Ground Snake (Atractus resplendens)
Authors: Zambrano Duvan , Arteaga Alejandro
Published: February 2021

This is the species account about the Resplendent Ground Snake (Atractus resplendens), a chapter in the Reptiles of Ecuador book. This account summarizes novel as well as historical information (recognition, natural history, distribution, conservation, etymology, and relevant literature) about the species and provides maps and images to facilitate identification of this reptile in the field.
Effect of maternal reproductive factors on prenatal screening rates in the first trimester
Authors: Samchuk P. M. , Ishchenko A. I. , Azoeva E. L.
Published: February 2021

Effect of maternal factors on indicators of increased risk of chromosomal abnormalities (CA), pre-eclampsia (PE), Small-forGestational-Age Fetus (SGA fetus) and preterm labour and birth (PB) during prenatal screening has not been sufficiently studied. Aim. To study the effect of maternal reproductive factors on the risk indicators of CA, PE, SGA fetus and PB, assessed during prenatal screening using the Astraia Obstetrics module. Materials and methods. Of the 11,841 pregnant women who were prenatal screened, 18.53% of the patients had at high risk of the outcomes studied (frequency 1: 100 and above). The subgroup of isolated high risk for CA included 69, PE — 66, SGA fetus — 48, PB — 52 patients. From the group of patients with low risk, 208 patients were selected for the control group by the method of stratified randomization by age. Results. Among extragenital diseases, the most common in all high-risk subgroups were: hypertension (AH) I and II degree — 31–47% versus 4.8% of the control group (p < 0.05), varicose veins of the lower extremities (VVLE) — 17–30% vs. 5.3% in the control group (p < 0.05), a history of ovarian tumor — 12–33% vs. 3% in the control group (p < 0.05). In the high-risk subgroups for the development of CA, PE and SGA fetus, fibroids uterus and iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) were more common compared to control: 10–41% vs. 1% (p < 0.05) and 10–17% vs. 3% (p < 0.05), respectively (p < 0.05). Primiparas with a history of pregnancy were more common in subgroups with a high risk of CA (33%) and PR (35%) versus 17% in controls. Conclusion. An association has been established between high risk for all the outcomes studied and AC, VVLE, history of ovarian tumor. High-risk subgroups for CA, PE and SGA fetus have a higher incidence of uterine fibroids and IDA compared to control.
AUTOMATED SYSTEMS FOR MONITORING GROUNDWATER PARAMETERS IN OBSERVATION WELLS
Authors: Kalandarov P , Nigmatov A , Qodirjonova N , Andakulov A
Published: February 2021

The report discusses the problems of monitoring the level of underground water, the choice of a method and, based on it, the improvement of the sensor for monitoring measured parameters using a remote data transmission module in real time.
"GREEN BELT IN ARALKUM" INNOVATIVE ASPECTS. PROJECT PROPOSAL
Authors: Shadimetov Yu , Ayrapetov D
Published: February 2021

The project addresses the issues of creating an ecological and educational basis for the "Green Belt in Aralkum", increasing the capacity of teachers and instructors, empowering and mobilizing youth, accelerating sustainable decision-making at the local level. This project practices ESD as a transformativeeducation in support of sustainable development leading to individual and social change in the Aral Sea region with a complex socio-ecological environment.
A NEW KIND OF CEMENT AS A SOLUTION TO THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES OF MODERNITY
Authors: Kasimova G
Published: February 2021

The article presents studies on the production of high-strength concrete for road construction for a given 28-day strength on local raw materials. As a cement-replacement additive, fly ash was used. It was found out that the fresh concrete mixture had adequate workability, the air content of the concrete mix withthe sperplastifizer, the 28-day strength of the base mixture, which corresponded to the required strength.
UZBEKISTAN'S COOPERATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Нурметов И
Published: February 2021

Мақолада Ўзбекистон Республикасининг БирлашганМиллатлар Ташкилоти аъзо булиши ва ҳалқаро ҳамжамият доирасидаиштироки акс этган. Ўзбекистон БМТ саммитлари унга аъзо давлатлар учунглобал муаммолар сифатида бевосита Экoлoгия сoҳасида Иқлим ўзгаришиоқибатларини юмшатиш, унга мослашиш масалаларига, айниқса, Oрoлдeнгизи минтақаси муаммолари ҳамда сув, eр ва энeргeтика рeсурсларинисақлаш ва эҳтиёткoрлик билан ишлатиш, шунингдeк, биoлoгик xилмаxилликни сақлаш масалаларига алoҳида эътибoрини қаратмоқда.
The Education of “Madrasa Students” Based on Self Confidence
Authors: Rahmatullah Azam Syukur
Published: February 2021

This study examines the madrasa activity programs based on fostering student confidence. This research is important because the result can be used as role models for other schools or madrasa helping to develop the confidence of student in their schools or madrasa. This study uses a content analysis study approach. One of the Madrasa Aliyah that succeeded in developing a confidence based activity program is Madrasa Aliyah Plus Nururrohmah Tambaksari Kuwarasan, Kebumen. The madrasa has enriched various confidence-based activities since its inception in 2007 until now. This madrasa has excellent programs which fokus on helping students improve the quality of their confidence, which is not owned by other schools or madrasa. Some of the program activities referred to, are being crazy, selling in traditional markets, If I Become, a Real Work Madrasa, and examinations of scientific work which are tested by teachers with various degress. These various activities eventually bring students into personal that is not easily discouraged, not afraid to convey positive aspirations, dare to appear before the public, not ashamed to be an entrpreneur and able to handle personal problems and find solutions well.
Appraisals of the Socio- Economic Characteristics of Waste scavengers in Mubi Metropolis, Nigeria
Authors:   Vimtim Central Primary School, Mubi North Local Government Area Adamawa State, Nigeria., Gangaya Ezekiel John
Published: February 2021

The study examines the socio-economic and demographic characteristics of waste scavengers, practitioners of a common form of solid waste resource recovery practices in Mubi metropolis. A total number of two hundred sets of questionnaire were administered to waste scavengers and eight waste merchants out of which 176 sets of the questionnaire were retrieved and analysed. The purposive and Snowball Sampling Techniques were employed to identify the respondents. Tables, percentage Charts, point bisereal correlation, t-test and one way ANOVA technique were used for the analysis. The results revealed that majority of the scavengers within Mubi metropolis are male (93.2%). The female counterparts do not partake much in these types of trade. The reason could not be far fetched from the unwholesome nature of the business and its demands. Generally, the educational status of respondents’ shows that majority of practitioners 44.3% pass through formal education or may not have attended any school system. This attest to the fact that they may not be knowledgeable with regard to the rudiment of resource recycling or reuse. Further result revealed that practitioners were overwhelmingly pushed into scavenging business (93.8%) by poverty/unemployment. Be as it may, all (100%) scavengers revealed that scavenging has increased their income and consequently their standard of living. The Pearson's point-biserial correlation coefficient shows a very weak negative linear relationship between both variables of income and impact of scavenging on health of scavengers. (rpb = -0.071, n = 176, p = 3, At p > 0.05) This relationship goes to show that there is no significant relationship between monthly income and impact (positive and negative) of scavenging on health of Merchants and scavengers in Mubi metropolitan area of Adamawa State. Conclusively, scavenging practice plays a greater role in poverty alleviation and creation of employment especially among those categories of scavengers that attended informal education or not any other school system. However, most scavengers (61.4%) affairs to be urgent need of capital to sustain and boost their businesse.
Paraphrase Strategy in Translating Indonesian Novel into English
Authors:   Universitas Padjadjaran, Jalan Raya Bandung – Sumedang Km 21 Jatinangor, West Java, Indonesia, Mahmud Erlina Zulkifli
Published: February 2021

This research article discusses one of the translation strategies namely paraphrase. The method used is a mixed method of descriptive-comparative method with both quantitative and qualitative research approaches. The data source is the translation of a novel, Tarian Bumi written in Indonesian language as the source language text and ‘Earth Dance’ in English as the target language text. The data used for this research are taken from the first part of the novel. The background of this research is the phenomenon showing that from all the sentences in the first part of the novel, more than 50% are being paraphrased. To identify what linguistic units are paraphrased, what kinds of paraphrase involved and which paraphrase is used more than others are the objectives of this research. The results show that the paraphrases involve all linguistic units ranging from word, phrase, clause, to sentence. The paraphrase can be used individually or in a combination consisting of two paraphrases and among the four kinds of paraphrase, the explicative paraphrase is used more than others either it is used individually or in combination.
La efectividad y materialidad del derecho a la educación a la luz del caso Gonzales Lluy y otros v. Ecuador. Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos, sentencia de 1 de septiembre de 2015
Authors: Collazo Olano María Delfina
Published: February 2021

El siguiente trabajo analiza la efectividad y materialidad del derecho a la educación en el Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos, en base al caso Gonzales Lluy y otros v. Ecuador, resuelto por la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos. En dicho caso, una niña de 5 años fue sometida a una transfusión de sangre de la que contrajo el virus VIH/SIDA, lo que le impidió poder ejercer su derecho a acceder a una escuela pública como los demás niños de su edad. Se intenta realizar un análisis de los derechos en juego y la forma de armonizarlos.
El obtentor vegetal y el productor
Authors: Martínez Maruri Elisa María
Published: February 2021

Hay varios factores que han generado que en nuestro país se le dé cada vez más importancia a las creaciones intelectuales y en particular a las creaciones intelectuales derivadas de la biotecnología. De esta manera, es importante comprender cuál es el rol que ocupan las distintas personas que intervienen en estas creaciones (nuevas variedades vegetales) y en su posterior comercialización, así como en su vinculación contractual.  A su vez, estos actores (obtentor vegetal y productor) detentan distintos derechos sobre estas variedades vegetales: el obtentor tiene la protección legal sobre estas variedades y el productor abona un canon para poder realizar multiplicaciones y eventualmente nuevas variedades y luego comercializarlo en el mercado. Todo lo anterior debe regularse estrictamente en un contrato de valor tecnológico, siendo INASE el instituto regulador y URUPOV, la Asociación Civil que interviene en nombre de los obtentores para fiscalizar el cumplimiento de las obligaciones contractuales.
Convenio de CIADI
Authors: Vilaseca Lucía , Ollero Melanie
Published: February 2021

El CIADI es una de las instituciones dedicadas a la resolución de disputas relativas a inversiones más reconocidas del mundo. La Convención CIADI, que le da origen y regula el funcionamiento del Centro, fue creada con el fin de proteger a los países signatarios y a sus inversores. Sin embargo, hoy en día se evidencia una debilidad en su regulación que podría poner en duda el sistema en su totalidad. Por ese motivo, resulta necesario un análisis y eventualmente una reforma de ciertas disposiciones de la Convención de modo que el sistema pueda efectivamente cumplir con su objetivo: proteger tanto a los inversores como a los países signatarios.
Los casinos en el Uruguay
Authors: Pignatta Sánchez Ismael
Published: February 2021

En Uruguay existe un monopolio del Estado para la explotación de casinos, los cuales pueden ser desarrollados directamente por el Estado o a través de concesiones hacia los privados. Sin perjuicio de lo anterior también se desarrollan los operadores de máquinas tragamonedas clandestinas, los cuales lo realizan al margen del sistema legal, careciendo de todo tipo de autorización, control y auditorias, así como tampoco ofrecen ningún tipo de garantías a los consumidores.
Además, el desarrollo de los juegos de azar ha ido evolucionando de la forma tradicional desarrollada en casinos, a nuevas modalidades de juego como el juego on-line. Esto ha tomado muchísima fuerza en aquellos países que lo han regulado de forma acorde, abriendo un nuevo abanico de opciones para el desarrollo de este tipo de juegos de azar, siendo no solo una nueva realidad para los juegos de azar, sino el futuro de la industria.
Se ha planteado la discusión de si esta práctica monopólica del Estado es la apropiada, o si por el contrario se debe optar por una apertura de la misma, que sea manejada libremente por los privados y públicos, adecuando y aplicando los correspondientes mecanismos de control.
LA CARRERA PROFESIONAL DE LOS CARGOS PÚBLICOS LOCALES: EN ESPECIAL LOS COMPLEMENTOS RETRIBUTIVOS CON OCASIÓN DE SU REINGRESO AL SERVICIO ACTIVO
Authors: CASTILLO RAMOS-BOSSINI SUSANA ESTHER
Published: February 2021

El presente estudio analiza, a partir de la jurisprudencia y de la
doctrina científica que ha abordado esta temática, las ventajas de carácter económico
y de progresión en la carrera profesional que se instauraron en la década
de los noventa y que tuvieron su continuación en la legislación básica de 2007. El mismo analiza el estado de la cuestión y apunta posibles soluciones para su aplicación,
así como propone una revisión de dichas previsiones.

Karrera profesionalaren abantaila ekonomikoak eta aurrerapen-
mailakoak jorratu ditu azterketa honek, arloa aztertu duen doktrina zientifikoa
eta jurisprudentzia oinarritzat hartuta. Abantailok laurogeita hamarreko
hamarkadan ezarri ziren, eta 2007ko oinarrizko legedian ere jarraipena eman
zitzaien. Hala, gaia zein egoeratan dagoen ere aztertu du; horretarako, hura aplikatzeko
zer irtenbide egon daitezkeen adierazi eta aurreikuspen horiek berrikustea
proposatzen du.

The present study analyzes, from the jurisprudence and the
scientific doctrine that has approached this topic, the advantages of economic
character and progression in the professional career that were established in the
nineties and that had its continuation in the basic legislation of 2007. It analyzes
the state of the matter and points out possible solutions for its application, as well
as proposes a revision of said forecasts.
LA EVOLUCIÓN DE LA JURISPRUDENCIA CONSTITUCIONAL EN MATERIA DE REFERENDOS AUTONÓMICOS
Authors: LÓPEZ RUBIO DANIEL
Published: February 2021

El presente artículo pretende analizar el modo en que la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Constitucional ha evolucionado en materia de referéndum autonómico a lo largo de la última década. Se realiza, pues, una revisión de las principales sentencias al respecto, que van desde la 103/2008, resolutiva del célebre caso Ibarretxe, hasta la más reciente 51/2017, anulatoria de la Ley catalana de consultas populares por vía de referéndum. El autor realiza una revisión crítica de los argumentos en que se basan estas sentencias, haciendo hincapié en los virajes que ha experimentado la doctrina del Tribunal y argumentando en favor de la posibilidad de que las Comunidades regulen referendos propios con los que consultar a su ciudadanía en materias de su estricta competencia. Finalmente, se exponen los inconvenientes esenciales para la convocatoria de un referéndum de secesión bajo el actual marco constitucional.

Konstituzio Auzitegiko jurisprudentziak azken hamarkadan erreferendum autonomikoaren gainean izan duen bilakaera aztertu nahi du artikulu honek. Horretarako, gaiaren gaineko epai nagusiak berrikusi dira; hau da, Ibarretxe kasu ospetsua ebatzi zuen 103/2008 epaitik hasi eta oraintsuagokoa den Kataluniako 51/2017 epaira arte, zeinak erreferendum bidez egindako herri-kontsultei buruzko Kataluniako Legea indargabetu baitzuen. Epai horien oinarrizko argudioak kritikoki aztertu ditu egileak, eta berariaz azpimarratu ditu Auzitegiaren doktrinak izan dituen aldaketak. Erkidegoek hertsiki beren eskumenekoak diren gaietan herritarrei kontsultak egiteko erreferendum propioak arautu ahal izatearen aldeko argudioak azaldu ditu egileak. Azkenik, egungo konstituzio-esparruan sezesio-erreferendum bat deitzeko dauden eragozpen nagusiak azaldu dira.

This article analyses the evolution of the Spanish Constitutional Court case law in relation to regional referendums throughout the last decade. The main rulings on this issue are considered here, from the 103/2008, on the notorious Ibarretxe case, to the recent one 51/2017, which annuls the Catalonian Law on popular consultation processes adopting the form of referendums. The writer critically examines the arguments on which these rulings are based, paying special attention to the changes that the Constitutional Court doctrine has experienced and arguing in favour of the Autonomous Communities ruling over referendums by which they can gather the opinion of the population on matters within their competences. Finally, essential drawbacks of calling for a secession referendum under the current constitutional law are also discussed.
RENTA BÁSICA Y CONSTITUCIÓN EN EL ESTADO SOCIAL ALEMÁN (DE LA RENTA BÁSICA UNIVERSAL A LA RENTA BÁSICA COLECTIVA)
Authors: MIMENTZA MARTIN JANIRE
Published: February 2021

En la actualidad, los empleos precarios no aseguran el mínimo vital, y para el futuro se pronostica el «fin del trabajo». Además, ante los defectos y límites de los sistemas asistenciales es necesario un replanteamiento del sistema de protección social: la renta básica universal parece ser la opción más popular. Aunque normalmente la RB se basa en la idea de una reforma social, la percepción de este estudio es que su implementación debe ir dirigida por una política de pequeños avances, que al final posibiliten una reforma parcial del sistema de Seguridad Social, no su desmantelamiento. Existen en la actualidad ejemplos con estas características, para colectivos específicos (ej. menores en Alemania) a los que ¿en la práctica¿ se les está otorgando una RB. Sin duda, es un gran paso en esa dirección, que puede servir como modelo a seguir por los ordenamientos jurídicos ¿entre ellos el español¿ que siguen un sistema de reparto generacional en pensiones.

Gaur egun, enplegu prekarioek ez dute gutxieneko bizitza ziurtatzen, eta etorkizunerako «lana amaitzea» aurreikusten da. Gainera, ongizate sistemen akatsen eta mugen aurrean, beharrezkoa da gizarte-babeserako sistema berraztertzea: oinarrizko errenta unibertsala aukera popularrena dela dirudi. Oinarrizko errenta gizarte-erreformaren ideiarekin bat etortzen den arren, ikerketa honen pertzepzioak aurrerapen txikien politika gidatu behar dela ezartzea du, azken batean, Gizarte Segurantzako sistema bateratze partzial bat lortuz, eta ez bera desegitea. Gaur egun, ezaugarri hauei dagozkien adibideak daude, gizarteko talde zehatzetarako (esate baterako, alemaniar adingabekoei) oinarrizko errenta bat ematen zaie. Zalantzarik gabe, adibide hau aurrerapauso handi bat da, pentsioetan belaunaldien banaketaren sistema eredua jarraitzen duten ordenamendu guztien eredu ¿beraien artean espainola¿ izan daitekeelako.

At present, the precarious jobs do not assure the subsistence level, and the future forecasts «the end of work». In addition, because of the defects and limits of the welfare systems, a rethinking of the social protection system is necessary: universal basic income seems to be the most popular option. Although the basic income is usually based on the idea of social reform, the perception of this study is that its implementation should be guided by a policy of small advances, which ultimately make possible a partial reform of the Social Security system, not its dismantling. There are currently examples with these characteristics, for specific groups (e.g. minors in Germany) to which a basic income is being granted. Without a doubt, it is a big step in that direction, which can serve as a model to be followed by all legal systems ¿among them Spanish one¿ that follow a system of generational distribution (pay-as-you-go system) in pensions.
LA REPRESENTACIÓN DE LA ADMINISTRACIÓN TRAS LA LEY 3/2017: APERTURA DE MERCADO PARA LA PROCURA
Authors: BOTO ÁLVAREZ ALEJANDRA
Published: February 2021

La procura tiene en nuestro país unos perfiles únicos, con funciones
muchas veces tildadas de anacrónicas y en constante debate. En este artículo
se analiza cómo el mero cambio de una palabra en lo que podría parecer una
norma que no guarda conexión directa con la profesión puede abrir para los procuradores
un mercado, el de la representación procesal de las Administraciones
públicas, que no es baladí cuando se está cuestionando su misma subsistencia.

Gure herrian, aparteko profilak ditu prokuradoretzak; izan ere,
betetzen dituen eginkizunak anakronikotzat jo izan dira sarritan, eta etengabe eragiten
ditu eztabaidak. Hala, itxuraz lanbidearekin lotura zuzenik ez duen arau batean
hitz bat aldatze hutsak merkatu bat ireki diezaieke prokuradoreei: administrazio
publikoen prozedura-ordezkaritzaren merkatua, hain zuzen. Eta horixe aztertzen
du artikulu honek; izan ere, ez da kontu hutsala, zalantzan jartzen baitu haren iraupena
bera.

Spanish Procura is a unique function, usually considered
anachronistic and thus, regularly censured. This paper analyses how an apparently
minor change in a side-regulation might open for those professionals a market,
as legal representatives of Public Administrations. Something vital, as the
subsistence of the profession itself is being questioned.
EUROPAR BATASUNAREN ENERGIA POLITIKA, GARAPEN JASANGARRIA LORTZEKO TRESNA
Authors: GARCÍA LUPIOLA ASIER
Published: February 2021

El desarrollo sostenible constituye uno de los objetivos del proceso de integración europea, tal y como expresa la normativa fundamental de la UE. Para el logro del mismo, la puesta en marcha de la política medioambiental europea ha sido fundamental, así como la cada vez mayor presencia de la energía en la misma. Precisamente, la energía ha ido adquiriendo progresivamente mayor importancia, estableciéndose una relación constante entre medio ambiente y energía en los diferentes planes y estrategias que tratan de alcanzar el objetivo citado. De una situación inicial de inexistencia de política medioambiental ni energética, se ha pasado a la situación actual en la que el propio Derecho Primario europeo recoge el recurso a la política energética como herramienta eficaz de protección medioambiental, lo que se refleja en los planes y estrategias que lo desarrollan así como en los actos legislativos adoptados.

Europar Batasunaren oinarrizko arautegiaren arabera, garapen jasangarria Europako integrazio prozesuaren oinarrizko helburuetako bat da. Helburu hori betetzeko, Europa mailan ingurumen politikaren garapena ezin bestekoa izan da, baita energiak bertan duen presentzia gero eta handiagoa ere. Energiak pixkanaka gero eta garrantzi gehiago hartu du, ingurumenaren eta energiaren artean harreman estu iraunkorra finkatu delarik aipatutako helburura heltzen saiatzen diren askotariko estrategia, proposamen eta planetan. Hasiera batean ingurumen eta energia politikarik ez ziren. Ordea, gaur egun Europako Jatorrizko Zuzenbideak energi politika ingurumenaren babeserako bitarteko eraginkor gisa jasotzen du eta horrela ikus daiteke Jatorrizko Zuzenbide hori garatzen duten estrategia eta planetan, baita hartutako arauetan ere.

Sustainable development is one of the objectives of the European integration process and this is reflected in the EU¿s fundamental regulations. To achieve this, the implementation of the European environmental policy has been essential, as well as the increasing presence of energy in it. Energy has gradually acquired greater importance, establishing a constant relationship between environment and energy in the different plans and strategies that seek to achieve the objective of sustainable development. At the beginning there was no environmental or energy policy, however today the European Law includes the use of energy policy as an effective tool for environmental protection. This is clearly reflected in the plans and strategies that develop it as well as in the legislative acts adopted.
Studies on Some Serum Immunoglobulin Levels in Heart Failure Subjects in Owerri Imo State
Authors: Ukamaka Edward , Nwamaka Ibe Prisca , Johnkennedy Nnodim , Chinyere Ngozi Ohalete , Treasure Njoku-Obi
Published: February 2021

Studies on some serum immunoglobulin levels in heart failure subjects in Owerri, Imo state was carried out. Heart failure has a high risk of mortality and morbidity in Nigeria, there is need to study, if there are alterations in antibody response. A total of 60 subjects within the age 25-65 years were recruited for this study. The study comprised of 30 subjects who were diagnosed of heart failure consisting of 15 males and 15 females, 30 were apparently healthy individuals who served as controls subjects. Immunoglobulin M, G and E was analysed using ELISA technique. Data was assessed using SPSS version 20, the mean value with P˂ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The serum level of immunoglobulin M in heart failure subjects (0.22±0.14µg/ml) was statistically significantly lower (P=0.001) when compared with control subjects (1.50±1.95). The serum level of immunoglobulin G and E of heart failure subjects (5.17±1.10mg/ml and 0.24±0.12µg/ml) was statistically significantly lower (P=0.000) than that of the control (9.27±1.67mg/ml and 0.74±0.16 µg/ml).The mean value of Immunoglobulin M of female heart failure subjects (0.25±0.14 µg/ml) was not statistically significantly higher (P=0.121) than the male heart failure subjects (0.18±0.14 µg/ml).The mean value of Immunoglobulin G in female heart failure subjects (5.09±1.43mg/ml) was not statistically significantly lower (P=0.666) when compared with male heart failure subjects (5.24±0.68mg/ml). The mean value of Immunoglobulin E in female heart failure subjects (0.26±0.11µg/ml) was higher which is not statistically significant (P=0.373) when compared with male heart failure subjects (0.22±0.13 µg/ml). In conclusion, reduced serum level of IgM, IgG and IgE in heart failure subjects may be due to some humoral immunodeficiency which occurs as a result of insufficient number of circulatory B cells to differentiate into antibodies.
IN DEFENCE OF CONTEMPORARY METHODOLOGY OF SCIENCE
Authors: Reznikov Vladimir
Published: February 2021

The article demonstrates that contemporary philosophers underestimate value of methodology of science. So on base of analysis of requests of applications of statistical methods I formulate such hypothesis. An acceptance of concept of holism is based on impossibility of verification of conditions of using of methods as part of scientific theories, but not on profound ideas. Because of, contrary to Popper on base of method of test procedure of statisti-cal hypothesis I show that falsification and verification are not absolutely different operations.
THE PHILOSOPHICAL HERITAGE OF ACADEMICIAN DMITRII BELYAEV ON SOME FACTORS OF THE HOMINIDES EVOLUTION
Authors: Trapezov Oleg
Published: February 2021

Following the concept proposed by the academician Dmitrii Belyaev, stressful extreme selection pressure could play a decisive role in the evolutionary separation of human ancestors from modern great apes. Stress is one of the most important factors in evolution. It is quite possible that stress as a factor of hereditary variability can affect a modern person, since it is impossible to protect oneself from the ever-increasing variety of stress factors.
DISPOSITIONAL ONTOLOGY AS A BASIS FOR STRUCTURAL REALISM
Authors: Ertel Ilya
Published: February 2021

M. Esfeld has proposed to use the ontology of external causal properties, or dispositions, of objects as a basis for ontic structural realism. It is this approach that makes possible realism towards objects as they are understood by S. French and J. Ladyman –objects are mere nodes in the structure. In our paper dispositional ontology is con-trasted withD. Lewis’ metaphysics of categorical properties, and through this juxtaposition the last is rendered inappropriate and the first appears promising as a foundation for structural realism and scientific metaphysics.
BENEFIT OR HARM FROM PHILOSOPHY: REFLECTIONS OF 19TH CENTURY PHILOSOPHERS (I. M. Skvortsov, V. N. Karpov, P. I. Linitsky)
Authors: Machkarina Olga
Published: February 2021

The author reveals the views of I. M. Skvortsov, V. N. Karpov, P. I. Linitsky – Russian religious philoso-phers of the XIX century on the role of philosophy in the knowledge of the world around him in its integri-ty and comprehension of the "eternal law", on the connection of philosophy with private sciences and determination of the place of philosophy in the system of education, its influence on the formation of the thought culture of the student's personality, on the role of philosophy in the self-knowledge and upbring-ing of the moral personality.
Two Formulations of the Τhesis of Protagoras in Metaphysics Γ and Plato's Theaetetus
Authors: Volkova
Published: February 2021

This presentation deals with the Aristotelian interpretation of the Thesis of Protagoras (TP) in Metaphysics Γ and its connection with Plato's Theaetetus. Particular attention is paid to the dispute about the difference between two formulations of TP, which takes place among modern scholars. If the first formulation only denies Principle of Non-Contradiction, the second allows Aristotle to interpret TP in the context of the teaching of Anaxagoras.
Agentivité
Authors: Laplante Julie
Published: February 2021

La notion d’agentivité – en anglais agency - bénéficie d’un relatif consensus en anthropologie en ce qu’elle réfère à une « puissance d’agir » mais fluctue dans ses approches dès qu’il s’agit de la qualifier ou de l’allouer à l’humain ou au non humain, ou encore à l’individu ou à la structure.
Institute for the Protection of Personal Data of Man and Citizen in the digital environment
Authors: Гиреев Д.Т. , Мамитова Н.В.
Published: February 2021

В статье анализируется институт защиты персональных данных в цифровом государстве. Анализируются данные, которые можно отнести к пер- сональным. При этом персональные данные рассматриваются как правовая кате- гория, включающая в себя массив информации, позволяющей отличать одного человека от другого, показывающей способности, которыми обладает субъект пер- сональных данных, указывающей на его конституционно-правовой и админист- ративно-правовой статус.

The article analyzes the institution of personal data protection in the digital state. Analyzed data that can be attributed to personal. In this case, per- sonal data is considered as a legal category that includes an array of information that allows one to distinguish one person from another, showing the abilities that the sub- ject of personal data has, indicating his constitutional and legal and administrative legal status.
Influence of synergistic approaches on compensation for damage in a modern welfare state
Authors: Грунин А.Г. , Егорова О.О.
Published: February 2021

Настоящая научная статья обусловлена теоретической и прак- тической значимостью вопросов, связанных с комплексной характеристикой воз- мещения ущерба, как теоретико-правового феномена, реализуемого в различных отраслях современного российского права. Кроме того, подробно рассмотрено влияние синергических подходов на реализацию процесса возмещения в совре- менном социальном государстве.

This scientific article is due to the theoretical and practical significance of issues related to the complex characteristics of compensation for damage as a theoretical and legal phenomenon that is implemented in various branches of modern Russian law. In addition, the influence of synergistic ap- proaches on the implementation of the process of compensation in the modern welfare state is considered in detail.
Trường hợp lâm sàng cải tiến kỹ thuật vòi voi điều trị bệnh động mạch chủ phức tạp tại bệnh viện hữu nghị Việt Đức
Authors: Son Phung Duy Hong , Son Nguyen Tung , Uoc Nguyen Huu
Published: February 2021

Bệnh lý nặng cùng lúc ở toàn bộ động mach chủ ngực, từ đoạn lên đến đoạn xuống là một trong những bệnh lý động mạch chủ phức tạp nhất. Phẫu thuật kinh điển thay toàn bộ động mạch chủ sẽ rất phức tạp và nặng nề. Kỹ thuật vòi voi là một giải pháp tương đối triệt để và an toàn hơn phẫu thuật kinh điển. Kỹ thuật vòi voi cải tiến bằng phương pháp can thiệp nội mạch phổi hợp, nhờ tính hiệu quả và an toàn cao, nên đã phát triển mạnh trên thế giới từ hơn 10 năm nay, tuy nhiên có chi phí lớn nên chưa phổ biến ở Việt Nam. Bệnh viện Hữu nghị Việt Đức đã sáng tạo một kỹ thuật vòi voi cải tiến dựa trên các vật tư sẵn có, chi phí thấp và khả thi hơn cho người bệnh Việt Nam. Báo cáo nhằm thông báo ca lâm sàng bệnh động mạch chủ ngực phức tạp được điều trị thành công bằng kỹ thuật vòi voi cải tiến vào tháng 12 năm 2019.
Đánh giá phát triển thể chất ở bệnh nhi sau phẫu thuật fontan tại trung tâm tim mạch - bệnh viện E
Authors: Linh Luu Phuong , Van Dang Thi Hai , Dai Tran Dac , Tien Do Anh , Thang Nguyen Toan
Published: February 2021

101 bệnh nhi được chẩn đoán tim bẩm sinh dạng một tâm thất đã phẫu thuật Fontan tại trung tâm tim mạch – Bệnh viện E từ 8/2012 đến tháng 12/2018. Z-score của chiều cao, cân nặng trước phẫu thuật lần lượt là -1,28  1,09 và -1,76 ± 1,61 (SD), được cải thiện rõ rệt sau phẫu thuật với Zscore của chiều cao, cân nặng theo tuổi tương ứng là -0,87  1,06 và -0,85 ± 1,14 (SD), p < 0,05. Các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến tăng trưởng của trẻ bao gồm phẫu thuật sớm trước 48 tháng tuổi, đặc điểm tâm thất hệ thống, tình trạng hở van nhĩ thất. Bệnh nhân sau phẫu thuật Fontan hầu hết đã bắt kịp tăng trưởng. Tuổi phẫu thuật và tình trạng hở van nhĩ thất có liên quan chẽ với sự tăng trưởng cân nặng và chiều cao của trẻ, trong khi dạng tâm thất hệ thống dường như không liên quan đến tăng trưởng sau phẫu thuật.
Mức độ tuân thủ sử dụng vớ y khoa ở người bệnh suy tĩnh mạch chi dưới mạn tính
Authors: Thu Vo Le , Nam Nguyen Hoai
Published: February 2021

Trong thời gian từ tháng 5 đến tháng 6 năm 2020, có 88 người bệnh suy tĩnh mạch chi dưới mạn tính có chỉ định mang vớ y khoa để điều trị suy tĩnh mạch tại phòng khám Lồng ngực - Mạch máu bệnh viện Đại Học Y Dược Tp. Hồ Chí Minh. Tỷ lệ nữ chiếm 89,8%, tuổi trung bình 54. Phân loại lâm sàng CEAP nhóm C0-C1 chiếm 58% so với các nhóm còn lại. Kết quả có 40,9% người bệnh suy TMCDMT tuân thủ sử dụng vớ y khoa theo chỉ định. Yếu tố về trình độ văn hóa và phân loại lâm sàng CEAP của người bệnh có liên quan đến mức độ tuân thủ sử dụng vớ y khoa
Uma Plataforma Digital para Coleta e Análise de Dados sobre o Enfrentamento do Câncer Infantil
Authors: Rosa Renan Cleverson Laureano Flor da , Silva Lucas Francisco Marques da , Damasceno Eduardo Filgueiras
Published: February 2021

Resumo – Diversas estratégias de enfrentamento psicológico são aprimoradas a cada dia para mitigar os efeitos à saúde emocional em pessoas com câncer. Sabe-se que o tratamento desta doença exige alterações na rotina do paciente, da família e do cuidador, os quais necessitam desenvolver um repertório comportamental que auxilie na adaptação a este contexto e que gere mais informações sobre o obscuro lado das emoções escondidas destes pacientes. Assim, este trabalho vem apresentar um sistema de informação que tem por principal função compilar e apresentar mais claramente os dados deste enfrentamento de maneira que o paciente não se sinta investigado o tempo todo. O sistema de Informação é composto de três ferramentas integradas: um jogo digital, uma ferramenta de captura e extração de dados e uma ferramenta de visualização e análise destes dados. Descritores: Sistemas de Informação em Saúde; Neoplasias; Prática (Psicologia); Adaptação Psicológica
The Pleated Dress of Nywty
Authors: Janssen Rosalind
Published: February 2021

A description of a fragment of a pleated dress, discovered in situ in 1982 by the late Peter Munro and his team in the tomb of Nywty. An evaluation of its importance for our understanding of pleated dresses in ancient Egypt.
Analysis and modelling of value added tax revenues on imports: Some issues of application in Ukraine
Authors: Luchko M. , Drozd I. , Plutytska K. , Ruska R. , Vovk I.
Published: February 2021

The aim of the article is to study the issues of analysis, modeling with the purpose of forecasting the payment of value added tax (VAT) on goods, works and services imported as imports into the customs territory of Ukraine. The reliability and validity of the planned VAT rate depend on the assessment of the status, forecast, seasonality and trends of economic and social development. The purpose of the work is to analyze and systematize the methodology for modeling VAT revenues from imports, justify the use of the econometric method and develop an adequate ARIMA model. It application is possible in the long term as well as smaller periods of time, which is relevant for monitoring and control of tax revenues. The study revealed the main factors influencing the application of the ARIMA model when modeling VAT revenues from imports. The resulting regression model in STATISTICA linked the variables with an accurate approximation.