bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tratamento do câncer de esôfago: ensaio clinico controlado
Authors: Mirra Antonio Pedro , Justo Fernando Antonio , Schneider Carlos Alberto Rodrigues , Trippe Nivaldo
Published: August 2010

Realização de ensaio clínico controlado em câncer de esôfago, com uma casuística de 65 casos, no Hospital A.C. Camargo, no período de 1986 a 1990. O ensaio clínico controlado estudou três grupos terapêuticos: grupo I - cirurgia exclusiva (20 casos); grupo 2 - cirurgia + radioterapia pós-operatória (27 casos); grupo 3 - quimioterapia pré-operatória + cirurgia + radioterapia e quimioterapia pós-operatória (18 casos). O tempo cirúrgico foi único, com ressecção ampla do esôfago, utilizando-se como vias de acesso, preferentemente, a transpleural para os tumores localizados no terço médio do esôfago e a transmediastinal para o terço inferior e segmento abdominal. A retirada dos gânglios linfáticos regionais fez parte deste tempo cirúrgico, bem como a técnica de plastia padronizada com o estômago, com anastomose extratorácica cervical e posição do estômago no mediastino posterior. A radioterapia foi aplicada no leito esofágico, com dose total de 4.500 a 5.000 cGY em cinco sessões semanais. Foram utilizadas as drogas cisplatina (80 mg/m²), vincristina (1,5 mg/m²) e bleomicina (10mg/m²) na quimioterapia pré e pós-operatórias. A sobrevida de cinco anos, segundo os grupos terapêuticos, foi de: grupo I - 61,9% , grupo 2 - 52,6 % e grupo 3 - 68,7%. Esta sobrevida, segundo o estadiamento clínico, foi de: EC I+II A - 52,0% e EC II B + III- 45,5%. Esses resultados estatisticamente não foram significativos. Os índices de sobrevida de cinco anos para os grupos terapêuticos 1 e 2 variaram de 40,4 a 60,6% quando os EC foram I + II A; para os demais EC não houve sobrevida de cinco anos. Para uma melhor avaliação, a inclusão de maior número de casos em pesquisas desse tipo poderia ser obtida pela participação de vários centros de tratamento do câncer de esôfago.
Prevenção de isquemia hepática normotérmica durante perfusão hepática in situ com três diferentes soluções de preservação: análise experimental através de termografia por radiação infravermelha em tempo real
Authors: Matias Jorge Eduardo Fouto , Morais Felipe Augusto , Kato Daniel Massamatsu Pianovski , Koziak Vanessa , Brioschi Marcos Leal , Tambara Elizabeth Milla , Agulham Miguel Ângelo , Coelho Júlio César Uili
Published: August 2010

OBJETIVO: Determinar a aplicabilidade da termografia por radiação infravermelha no monitoramento da perfusão hepática in situ com diferentes soluções de preservação. MÉTODOS: 24 ratos Wistar machos adultos, foram distribuidos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos de seis animais: grupo EC; ®grupo CUST; ®grupo CEL e grupo RL. Todas as soluções estavam resfriadas à exatamente 4ºC e posicionadas 20 cm acima do nível do fígado. As imagens infravermelhas, com as respectivas avaliações de temperatura da superfície hepática, foram captadas em tempo real : imediatamente após a laparotomia; após a canulação dos vasos e imediatamente antes da infusão; a cada minuto cronometrado após início da infusão até o quinto minuto de infusão. As médias de temperaturas de cada momento foram comparadas intra e intergrupos através do teste da Diferença entre médias de distribuição normal, com nível de significância p 0,05. RESULTADOS: Houve diferença entre as temperaturas do momento da laparotomia e imediatamente após a canulação; entre este último e após o primeiro minuto de perfusão; e entre as medidas ao final do primeiro e do quinto minutos de perfusão em todos os grupos. O grupo CEL mostrou diferença significativa adicional entre as temperaturas medidas ao final do primeiro e do segundo minutos. CONCLUSÃO: Foi possível avaliar o resfriamento hepático durante a perfusão das soluções de preservação utilizando-se a radiação infravermelha. As soluções tiveram comportamento semelhante entre si, com a solução Celsior® mostrando potencial adicional de resfriamento significativo até ao final do segundo minuto.
Vertigens pós-modernas (Giddens, Touraine, Bauman)
Authors: Fridman Luis Carlos
Published: August 2010

O exame das contribuições de Anthony Giddens e Alain Touraine para a análise das sociedades contemporâneas conduz a uma apresentação das idéias de Zigmunt Bauman, para quem a ansiedade é constitutiva, e portanto inseparável, da responsabilidade das escolhas relativas ao mundo em que se vive.
Characterization and selection of Bacillus thuringiensis isolates effective against Sitophilus oryzae
Authors: Silva Najara da , Thuler Ana Maria Guidelli , Abreu Irlan Leite de , Davolos Camila Chiaradia , Polanczyk Ricardo Antonio , Lemos Manoel Victor Franco
Published: August 2010

The entomopathogenic bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis is a control agent with toxic and environmental characteristics that allows the control of pest insects according to the Integrate Pest Management (IPM) precepts. In order to find new strains, potentially toxic to Sitophilus oryzae L. 1763 (Coleoptera: Curculinidae), 1.073 strains of B. thuringiensis from parts of Brazil were used. Genetic material was extracted with InstaGene Matrix kit, used for the amplification of sequences in Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and viewed in 1.5% agarose gel. The gene cry35Ba class was represented by 60 B. thuringiensis isolates (5.6%), which were then subjected to bioassays with S. oryzae larvae. Among the isolates studied, four caused more than 50% mortality in pathogenicity tests, and the isolates 544 and 622 were the most virulent, as determined by CL50 estimates. The four toxic isolates had spherical, bi-pyramidal and cuboid crystals, and a 44-kDa protein was found in sodium dodecyl sulphate - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), which coded for the product of cry35Ba genes. These data demonstrate the potential of B. thuringiensis for the management of S. oryzae larvae.
As teias da sobrevivência oncológica: com a vida de novo
Authors: Muniz Rosani Manfrin , Zago Márcia Maria Fontão , Schwartz Eda
Published: August 2010

Este trabalho tem origem na tese de doutorado que objetivou compreender a experiência da radioterapia oncológica para os pacientes sob referencial teórico-metodológico da antropologia interpretativa e do método etnográfico. Os informantes foram 10 pacientes de ambos os sexos, na faixa etária de 34 a 80 anos. Os dados foram coletados de março a agosto de 2007 por entrevistas semiestruturadas e observações participantes. Pela análise interpretativa proposta por Hammersley e Atkinson, construímos os núcleos de significados - Alterações na vida do sobrevivente ao câncer e à radioterapia e O sobrevivente controlando a sua vida e tecendo as teias do futuro. Entendemos que a enfermagem ultrapassa a dimensão biológica do cuidar quando compreende as teias tecidas pelos sobreviventes oncológicos para o ajuste à nova vida, pois eles percebem os limites existenciais, incorporam a doença e o tratamento, inserindo-os num processo liminar que persiste para o resto da vida.
Profile and severity of the patients of intensive care units: prospective application of the APACHE II index
Authors: Freitas Eliane Regina Ferreira Sernache de
Published: August 2010

This study aimed to understand the profile and severity of patients in physiotherapy treatment after their admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) by applying the APACHE II index. One hundred and forty six subjects, with a mean age of 60.5 ± 19.2 years, were evaluated. The APACHE II index was applied in the first 24 hours to evaluate the severity and mortality risk score. Patients were monitored until hospital discharge or death. The mean APACHE II score was 20±7.3 with an estimated risk of death of 32.4% and observed mortality of 58.2%. The mean hospital stay was 27.8±25.2 days. The patients in physiotherapy at the institution studied were predominantly male, elderly, from the emergency service for treatment (non-surgical), and had clear severity, suggested by the APACHE II score and the observed mortality.
Assistance in family health from the perspective of users
Authors: Mishima Silvana Martins , Pereira Flavia Helena , Matumoto Silvia , Fortuna Cinira Magali , Pereira Maria José Bistafa , Campos Ana Carolina , Paula Vanessa Garcia de , Domingos Maria Márcia Leite Nogueira
Published: August 2010

This descriptive exploratory study analyzed user satisfaction with the care received at a Family Health Unit in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. In total, 40 users from families registered in the FHU were selected, using key informants and the snowball sampling technique, and interviewed. Thematic content analysis was used to analyze the empirical material. Interviewees were mostly female, over 50 years, resident in the catchment area of the unit for 10-30 years, had incomplete primary education and also did not perform work outside the home. The analysis identified three themes: access, team-user interaction and organization of work in the FHU. The subjects of this study expressed satisfaction with the accessibility provided together with the caring attention given to them, marked by a team-user interaction that takes place in a friendly and patience manner. Although not totally satisfied, the majority of users would recommend the health service to someone due to its quality.
Profile of scientific and technological production in nursing education research groups in the south of Brazil
Authors: Lino Mônica Motta , Backes Vânia Marli Schubert , Canever Bruna Pedroso , Ferraz Fabiane , Prado Marta Lenise
Published: August 2010

This research aimed to present the profile of production of Nursing Education Research Groups’ (NERG) scientific and technological production in the South of Brazil. This documentary, quantitative, exploratory-descriptive retrospective research was guided by the active search for products in the Lattes curriculum of previously selected NERG researchers, based on the 2006 Census of the Research Group Directory/CNPq, between 1995 and 2008. The results indicated that the 18 NERG from southern Brazil produced 453 papers in proceedings, 371 book chapters, 206 books, 1,437 scientific articles and 08 technological products, but no patent was registered. NERG’s scientific production in the research region has grown progressively over the past 14 years. To strengthen this structure, the establishment of collaborative networks can be used as a strategy, so that political-scientific joint actions in the sector can advance science and technology.
El consumo de alcohol y el estrés entre estudiantes del segundo año de enfermería
Authors: Tam Phun Elena , Santos Claudia Benedita dos
Published: August 2010

El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar el consumo de alcohol y el estrés académico en estudiantes de enfermería. Se trata de una investigación descriptiva, transversal, que se realizó en el año de 2005. En este estudio los cuestionarios Inventario de Estrés Académico y el AUDIT fueron aplicados en 82 estudiantes de una Universidad privada en Lima, Perú. Los resultados mostraron que los estudiantes tenían edad promedio 20,4 años, siendo 92.7% solteras, 69.5% no trabajan, 91.5% no tenían hijos y 86.6% vivían con sus padres. La sobrecarga académica representó el estresor de mayor prevalencia, y en relación al consumo de alcohol, 48% consumieron 1-2 vasos en un día; 56.1% una vez al mes y 51.2% más de tres vasos en un día cualquiera; 11.0% dejaron de cumplir con sus obligaciones. Un tercio relató fumar, beber o comer demasiado. Se concluyó que todas las situaciones generan diversos niveles de estrés, relacionados al factor actividad/tiempo; siendo la preocupación, la mayor respuesta frente al estrés.
Factores protectores de las familias para prevenir el consumo de drogas en un municipio de Colombia
Authors: Medina Arias Núbia , Ferriani Maria das Graças Carvalho
Published: August 2010

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los factores protectores de prevención del consumo de drogas, presentes en familias con niños que asisten a Hogares Comunitarios de Bienestar Familiar en un municipio colombiano. El estudio es de tipo descriptivo y cuantitativo transversal; la muestra estuvo constituida por 256 familias, seleccionadas por muestreo aleatorio simple. El instrumento para la recolección de datos fue un cuestionario aplicado durante los meses de marzo y abril de 2007, de forma autoaplicada. Se encontraron factores protectores como demostraciones de afecto con los hijos, jugar y hablar con ellos sobre lo que les gusta, comunicación fácil, toma de decisiones en pareja, adecuada flexibilidad durante la educación familiar, y existencia de normas. Por otro lado existen factores de riesgo como el consumo de drogas lícitas (cigarrillo y alcohol) y bajo porcentaje de drogas ilícitas. Un alto porcentaje de familias considera que los padres, principalmente, deben tomar medidas de prevención en los primeros años de vida del niño. Los factores protectores encontrados deben ser reforzados, debido a que no son muy fuertes; también, se deben controlar los factores de riesgo encontrados para convertirlos en factores protectores.
Uso de álcool em vítimas de acidentes de trânsito: estudo do nível de alcoolemia
Authors: Abreu Ângela Maria Mendes , Lima Jose Mauro Braz de , Matos Ligia Neres , Pillon Sandra Cristina
Published: August 2010

Trata-se de estudo exploratório descritivo. O objetivo foi correlacionar os níveis de alcoolemia, detectados nas vítimas fatais por acidentes de trânsito, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, a partir dos registros do Instituto Medico Legal -IML, com o perfil da vítima e as características dos acidentes. Os dados foram levantados no arquivo do IML, por meio dos prontuários de vítimas fatais por acidentes de trânsito, compilados e tabulados Poe meio do programa estatístico SPSS, no período compreendido entre janeiro e maio de 2005. Avaliaram-se 348 prontuários de vítimas fatais por acidentes de trânsito. Desses, apenas 94 realizaram o exame de alcoolemia, sendo que 83 apresentaram alcoolemia positiva e 60,2% níveis acima de 0,6g/l. Evidenciou-se o envolvimento do álcool com vítimas fatais nos acidentes de trânsito em níveis acima e abaixo de 0,6g/l de álcool por litro de sangue.
Caracterización de estudiantes de la carrera de enfermería sobre consumo de drogas lícitas e ilícitas
Authors: Leiva Diaz Viriam , Vasters Gabriela Pereira , Costa Jr. Moacyr Lobo da
Published: August 2010

Se trata de un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal que buscó caracterizar el uso de drogas entre estudiantes del segundo año de la carrera de Licenciatura en Enfermería. Se aplicó un cuestionario autoadministrado a 119 estudiantes, el que se dividió en información: general, sociodemográfica, económica, personal, familiar, sociocultural y, sobre el consumo de drogas. El estudio evidenció que los estudiantes poseen factores protectores para la prevención del consumo o el avance del uso problemático de drogas; pero, por otro lado poseen también factores de riesgo importantes que deben ser tomados en cuenta en programas de prevención, por ejemplo: estilos de vida no saludables, consumo de drogas de personas cercanas a ellos (familiares, amigos o compañeros). A pesar de que el alcohol y tabaco ocupan el primer lugar de consumo, tanto en el entorno inmediato del grupo de estudiantes seleccionados como en el ámbito nacional, ellos no lo consideran un problema tan grande si comparado con las drogas ilícitas.
Consumo de drogas en los jóvenes de la ciudad de Guayaquil, Ecuador
Authors: Riofrío Guillén Rosa , Nascimento Lucila Castanheira
Published: August 2010

El objetivo de esta investigación fue conocer las causas predominantes y el tipo de droga que más consumen los jóvenes de 10 a 18 años que ingresaron en una institución que acoge niños infractores de una ciudad del Ecuador. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo y cualitativo, cuya recolección de datos ocurrió mediante entrevista semiestructurada e individual. Participaron diez jóvenes, con edades entre 10 y 16 años. El análisis de contenido resultó en tres temas: la carencia del apoyo familiar; las influencias del entorno en que se desarrollan los jóvenes y el desconocimiento del efecto que causan las drogas y los planes para el futuro. Se identificó que la droga más consumida fue la marihuana, seguida del alcohol e inhalantes. Explorar las causas que llevaron a estos jóvenes a consumir drogas contribuyó para la identificación de sus necesidades y de los espacios importantes para el cuidado en salud, con énfasis en la promoción de la salud.
Bases filosóficas de la organización de la información
Authors: Rojas Miguel Angel Rendon , Delgado Lizbeth Berenice Herrera
Published: August 2010

El orden, como categoría filosófica parte de la cosmovisión griega y es uno de los principios de la organización de la información. Se analiza la naturaleza del orden, su origen y su presencia en los sistemas de clasificación bibliotecológicos. Se concluye que ese orden es introducido por el bibliotecólogo, pero sin tener consecuencias subjetivistas-relativistas, el "cosmos documental" construido tiene fundamentos ontológicos objetivos emanados del "ser informacional" del sujeto, por lo que posee regularidades y características que pueden ser estudiadas objetivamente.
Contradictions and power play in service encounters: an activity theory approach
Authors: Oliveros Mario Eduardo Giraldo , Halliday Susan Vaux , Posada Maria Mercedes Botero , Bachmann Reinhard
Published: August 2010

We present a perspective on the interpersonal element of service in which economic and social collaboration takes place in real time: the service encounter. We view it as a site of conflict for power and control where social identities are anchored and collective meanings are constituted and reproduced. Our theoretical underpinning is taken from the Activity Theory (AT) to shed light on the service encounter as a contradictory, political locus of tension between providers and customers (internal and external) in the Higher Education (HE) market.
Chilean management education: rhetoric of pragmatism, consumerism, individualism and elitism
Authors: Cotroneo Marcela Mandiola , Costa Paula Ascorra
Published: August 2010

The aim of this paper is to understand the character and the role of higher education in business in relation to the wider institutional and structural contexts within which they function. Being loyal to that widespread background, business schools in Chile have become efficient providers of appropriate goods and services for their respective clients and consumers, behaving more like corporations and businesses rather than educational institutions. From this perspective, business education's alignment with the wider political and socio-economic shifts associated with the developments of market economies and economic globalization is a necessary reflection. In this paper we will provide an account of our problematization of management education practices in Chile. This practice was pictured as one of the main characters at the forefront of the Chilean neo-liberal revolution during the final years of the last century. In particular, we will unravel more closely the chain of signifiers articulating the meaning of Chilean higher business education. This articulation is recuperated mainly around how those involved in the management education practice talk about (our)themselves. As well as specialised press writings, some academic accounts and fragments from our own 'ethnographic' involvement are used for this purpose. Particular attention is paid to the social, political and fantasmatic logics (GLYNOS; HOWARTH, 2007) as key elements of our own explanation of this practice, which in turn informs our critical standpoint.
Weed Populations as Affected by Residue Management Practices in a Wheat–Soybean Double-Crop Production System
Authors: Amuri Nyambilila , Brye Kristofor R. , Gbur Edward E. , Oliver Dick , Kelley Jason
Published: August 2010

Management practices and cropping systems that serve as integrated weed management practices, and at the same time can contribute to improved soil quality, will be important for the sustainability of agricultural production systems. The objective of this study was to assess weed species population density under contrasting tillage (conventional tillage [CT] and no tillage [NT]), residue burning (burn and no burn), and residue level (low and high) treatments after 5 and 6 yr of consistent management in a wheat–soybean double-crop production system. A field experiment was conducted from fall 2001 to fall 2007 in the Mississippi River Delta region of eastern Arkansas on a Calloway silt–loam. Weed assessments were conducted twice during the soybean growing season, before (early season) and after herbicide application (late season) in 2006 and 2007. Total weed density was greater under CT (513 plants m−2) than under NT (340 plants m−2) early in the growing season in 2006, but was greater under NT than CT late in the season in 2007, suggesting that the effectiveness of glyphosate on total weeds differs between CT and NT. Averaged across residue levels, grass species density was greatest in the NT–burn (68 to 167 plants m−2) combination and lowest in the NT–no-burn (41 to 63 plants m−2) early in the growing season in both years. Broadleaf density was greater early (200 to 349 plants m−2) than late (18 to 20 plants m−2) in the growing season under both CT and NT in 2006, but in 2007 broadleaf density did not differ by tillage treatment between seasons. Perennial weed density was greater in the burn (99 plants m−2) than in the no-burn (59 plants m−2) treatment in 2006. No tillage, no burning, and a high residue level appeared to contribute to the suppression of most weed species without reducing herbicide efficiency.
Communication Breakdown: Consultation or Delegation from an Expert with Uncertain Bias
Authors: Rush Anthony , Smirnov Vladimir , Wait Andrew
Published: August 2010

When communicating with an uninformed decision maker, the motives behind an expert's message are often unclear. To explore this and investigate its impact on organizational design, we extend the cheap-talk model of Crawford and Sobel (1982) to allow for uncertainty over the expert's bias. We find that, in contrast to Dessein (2002), it is possible that the decision maker prefers communication to delegation; that is, it can be optimal for a decision maker to retain control and to solicit advice from the expert.
MultidiMensionality and hierarchical structure of the english vocabulary learning attitude scale
Authors: Tseng Wen-Ta
Published: August 2010

The purpose of this study was to fill the gap in the existing literature by validating a hierarchical and 3-component model of attitude in a foreign language learning context. An alternative 1-factor model was also proposed based on the discussion of literature. Confirmatory factor
analysis was used to compare the 2 models. The results showed that the hierarchical, multicomponent model improved significantly in fit over the 1-factor model. The outcome model is presented as having important implications in English vocabulary learning.
Gratitude for, and Regret Toward, Nature: Relationships to Proenvironmental Intent of University Students from Japan
Authors: Naito Takashi , Matsuda Tomoko , Intasuwan Pachongchit , Chuawanlee Wiladlak , Thanachanan Supaporn , Ounthitiwat Jarun , Fukushima Meiko
Published: August 2010

With university students from Japan as participants, the current study was undertaken to examine the hypothesis that gratitude for and/or regret toward nature positively relate to proenvironmental intent. On the basis of preliminary studies, we constructed a questionnaire containing
scales aimed at measuring gratitude, regret, and general feelings or impressions about nature, as well as a scale of proenvironmental intent, which was adapted from frequently-used scales of proenvironmental attitude. The partial regression coefficients of gratitude and regret on proenvironmental
intent when general feelings towards nature were controlled suggested that only regret had a significant partial correlation with proenvironmental intent. A complementary study using scenarios about environmental behaviors confirmed the significant contribution of regret toward nature to proenvironmental
intent in Japanese students.
Interactions of Dietary Whole-Grain Intake With Fasting Glucose– and Insulin-Related Genetic Loci in Individuals of European Descent
Authors: Nettleton Jennifer A. , McKeown Nicola M. , Kanoni Stavroula , Lemaitre Rozenn N. , Hivert Marie-France , Ngwa Julius , van Rooij Frank J.A. , Sonestedt Emily , Wojczynski Mary K. , Ye Zheng , Tanaka Tosh ,   the CHARGE Whole Grain Foods Study Group
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE

Whole-grain foods are touted for multiple health benefits, including enhancing insulin sensitivity and reducing type 2 diabetes risk. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with fasting glucose and insulin concentrations in individuals free of diabetes. We tested the hypothesis that whole-grain food intake and genetic variation interact to influence concentrations of fasting glucose and insulin.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Via meta-analysis of data from 14 cohorts comprising ∼48,000 participants of European descent, we studied interactions of whole-grain intake with loci previously associated in GWAS with fasting glucose (16 loci) and/or insulin (2 loci) concentrations. For tests of interaction, we considered a P value <0.0028 (0.05 of 18 tests) as statistically significant.

RESULTS

Greater whole-grain food intake was associated with lower fasting glucose and insulin concentrations independent of demographics, other dietary and lifestyle factors, and BMI (β [95% CI] per 1-serving-greater whole-grain intake: −0.009 mmol/l glucose [−0.013 to −0.005], P < 0.0001 and −0.011 pmol/l [ln] insulin [−0.015 to −0.007], P = 0.0003). No interactions met our multiple testing–adjusted statistical significance threshold. The strongest SNP interaction with whole-grain intake was rs780094 (GCKR) for fasting insulin (P = 0.006), where greater whole-grain intake was associated with a smaller reduction in fasting insulin concentrations in those with the insulin-raising allele.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results support the favorable association of whole-grain intake with fasting glucose and insulin and suggest a potential interaction between variation in GCKR and whole-grain intake in influencing fasting insulin concentrations.
Statistical Verification of Experimental Tests to Determine Geographical Positions of Objects
Authors: Kowalski Mirosław , Sulkowski Jarosław
Published: August 2010

Statistical Verification of Experimental Tests to Determine Geographical Positions of Objects

The article describes statistical methods of verification of measurements taken to determine geographical position of a single soldier on a battlefield using the latest GPS satellite techniques. The GPS system allows of considerable improvement in effectiveness of military operations owing to its capabilities to provide precise location of either the whole organizational unit or a single soldier, and precise time. What has been gained from experimental tests are sets of tables with, among other elements, geographic coordinates to express location (longitude and latitude), and altitude.
Probabilistic Safety Analysis of the Nuclear Power Plants in Slovakia
Authors: Králik Juraj
Published: August 2010

Probabilistic Safety Analysis of the Nuclear Power Plants in Slovakia

This paper gives the results of the safety analysis of the nuclear power plants in Slovakia. The probabilistic assessment of NPP concrete containment and technologically steel segment penetration for Probabilistic Safety Analysis (PSA) level 2 of VVER 440/213 in the case of seismic and LOCA accident is presented. There is showed summary of calculation models and calculation methods for the probability analysis of the structural integrity considering load, material and model uncertainties. The numerical simulations on the base of LHS method were realized in the system ANSYS and FReET. Copyright©2010 Preprint of KONBiN
Examination of Operational Dependability Demonstrated by Turbine Reactive Engines
Authors: Lindstedt Paweł , Golak Karol
Published: August 2010

Examination of Operational Dependability Demonstrated by Turbine Reactive Engines

The paper presents course and results of operational examination carried out for engines with particular consideration of land-based tests. It has been suggested that available, already recorded signals from the automatic and control systems can serve as a basis for assessment of the engine operability. The recorded signals can be analyzed in various manners, including the method that is based on the phase trajectory superposed with the Lyapunov function. It has been shown that analysis of signal interrelations presents substantial advantages, where the movement of the phase trajectory vector over the time period is subject to analysis and is related to successive values of the Lyapunov function that is calculated for subsequent moments of time (possibility to analyze both linear and non-linear systems, simultaneous analysis of three signals: operational, environment and feed), therefore the proposed method prevails over other approaches to analysis of signals. The final part of the paper deals with analysis of signals obtained from recorded waveforms from the automation and control systems of the K-15 engine.
A Synthetic Method to Investigate Reliability and Safety Potential of a Technical Facility During its Operation
Authors: Lindstedt Paweł , Grądzki Rafał
Published: August 2010

A Synthetic Method to Investigate Reliability and Safety Potential of a Technical Facility During its Operation

The paper presents presumptions to an innovative way intended to bring down each diagnostic information, even if it has been provided with participation of an expert, to the form that can be expressed in a conventional manner by the corresponding score of points. Each change of the signal (depending on its value and the moment when it appears) is associated with the score that has been already established by experts. The proposed innovative method consists in utilization of the obtained signals to find out parameters of the current settings and the technical status (equations 3, 4) and the safety and reliability of the object (equations 5, 6) with application of the combined status equations [3,5]. It will enable to perform continuous monitoring and prediction of the reliability and safety of the facility during its lifetime. The described method may prove to be extremely useful as it exhibits the overall deterioration of the facility in an unambiguous and synthetic manner and makes it possible to predict future operation status of the facility and, in consequence, to schedule appropriate maintenance operations (adjustments, repairs, overhauls).
Social Indices in Risks Estimations of Financial Crisis: Case of Transition Economies
Authors: Olena Osinkina , Tamara Podvysotskaya
Published: August 2010

Social Indices in Risks Estimations of Financial Crisis: Case of Transition Economies

The main purpose of our research is to investigate the empirical evidence of global financial crises influence on social sector development. A specific question guiding the research was to find the most vulnerable aspects of social sector in transition economies countries and construct a complex social indicator which would allow to estimate the dynamics of social sector development in pre-crises period and determine the appropriate policy measures to minimize the negative consequences in period of after-crises recovering.

As we do not have an extended data for the period after crises, for now we are not able to do any credible conclusions for the post-crises development of different aspects of social sector, but we can do cross-country comparison.
Diagnostic Tools for Electronic Integrated Communication Systems in Air Transportation Systems
Authors: Pazur Andrzej , Michalak Sławomir , Szelmanowski Andrzej
Published: August 2010

Diagnostic Tools for Electronic Integrated Communication Systems in Air Transportation Systems

The paper has been intended to present research/testing tools used in the Air Force Institute of Technology to build integrated communication systems and test operation thereof, as far as both devices that compose the system and the applied software are concerned. Particular attention has been paid to the so-called integration station (built under the Mi-8, Mi-17, Mi-24 modernisation project), intended to activate communication systems integrated on the basis of digital data buses (MIL-1553B). Also, the mobile servicing and control set ZDZSŁ-1 to service and diagnose these systems has been discussed in details. Such equipment has allowed AFIT to gain the-state-of-the-art capabilities presented by western companies in the field of integrating new communication devices/systems, the already accomplished modernisation of the W-3PL helicopter ("Głuszec"/"Capercaillie") and a project of such a system for the TS-11F "Iskra" ("Spark") being perfect examples. Some selected tasks performed with this testing station engaged have been discussed. Also, problems arising while activating and testing the developed software to integrate communication devices/systems (including digitally controlled radio stations of the RF-5800H and XM-6013P types, and communication control panels of the PSŁ-1 type have been given consideration in the scope of the software functionality and reliability. Presented are also additional monitoring and measuring systems used to test this software, just to mention acoustic generators as well as special and navigation signals testers.
ISO 26262 - The Relevance and Importance of Qualitative and Quantitative Methods for Safety and Reliability Issues Regarding the Automotive Industry
Authors: Schlummer Marco , Althaus Dirk , Braasch Andreas , Meyna Arno
Published: August 2010

ISO 26262 - The Relevance and Importance of Qualitative and Quantitative Methods for Safety and Reliability Issues Regarding the Automotive Industry

Safety and reliability are key issues of today's and future automotive developments, where the involved companies have to deal with increasing functionality and complexity of software-based car functions. New functionalities cannot only be found in the area of driver assistance - most of the new car functions are and will be safety related as for example in vehicle dynamics control or active and passive safety systems. The development and integration of those functions will strengthen the need of safe processes during the system development. The new upcoming automotive standard on functional safety (ISO 26262), which is derived from the generic functional safety standard IEC 61508 to comply with the specific needs to the application sector of E/E-systems in road vehicles, will provide guidance to avoid the increasing risks from systematic faults and random hardware faults by providing feasible processes and requirements. It is evident that aspects and methods of the safety and reliability engineering are implemented and suited methods are performed in the development process at an early stage. This is one of the requirements of the new ISO 26262, which introduces a so called automotive safety lifecycle to handle all those activities that are necessary to guarantee the functional safety of automotive E/E-systems. In the following, a brief overview of the upcoming automotive standard, its new safety life cycle and the connected activities in order to ensure functional safety for safety related systems will be given. The main aim of this paper is to show the relevance and importance of one of the major tasks within the ISO 26262: the process of the hazard analysis and risk assessment as it is currently performed in the automotive industry. With the help of an example from the automotive sector, the basic steps of this method to determine the automotive safety integrity level (ASIL) are explained. Depending on the ASIL, safety requirements need to be derived as a result of the new standard regarding safety integrity attributes. Furthermore, the connection of the automotive functional safety process with methods for qualification and quantification of safety and reliability issues will be explained in this paper. The Fault Tree Analysis will be used to exemplify one of these methods which are applied subsequent to the hazard analysis and risk assessment and which make a contribution to the validation and verification of the safety process.
The Model of Risk Determination in Sea-River Navigation
Authors: Galor Wiesław
Published: August 2010

The Model of Risk Determination in Sea-River Navigation

The process of navigation should be safely and efficiently. Navigation in inland waters is hard by the relation between the ship size and water area. The determination of safety of ship's movement can be identified as a combination of probability of accident and losses. The overall risk of navigation ship can determined as the sum of these single risks depend on the under keel clearance, distance to navigational obstruction, air drought, collision with other floating craft and berthing energy. The paper presents method of the determination the safety of ship manoeuvring in sea-river navigation.
The Application of a Neuro-Fuzzy Adaptive Crane Control System
Authors: Smoczek Jarosław , Szpytko Janusz
Published: August 2010

The Application of a Neuro-Fuzzy Adaptive Crane Control System

The unconventional methods, mostly based on fuzzy logic, are often addressed to a problem of anti-sway crane control. The problem of practical application of those solutions is important owing to come the growing expectations for time and precision of transportation operations and exploitation quality of material handling devices. The paper presents the designing methods of an adaptive anti-sway crane control system based on the neuro-fuzzy controller, as well as the software and hardware equipments used to aid the programming realization the fuzzy control algorithm on a programmable logic controller (PLC). The proposed application of control system was tested on the laboratory model of an overhead traveling crane.
Heuristic Approach to Trajectory Planning of N-th Numerous Set of Automated Cranes
Authors: Smoczek Jarosław , Szpytko Janusz
Published: August 2010

Heuristic Approach to Trajectory Planning of N-th Numerous Set of Automated Cranes

Today new requirements are put for optimization, synchronization and planning the transportation operations supported via n-th numerous set composed by automated cranes, including also their availability. The above needs is the subject of consideration in the paper, and solved based on heuristic approach. The method of i-th cranes operations planning, as well as time-optimal and non-collision moving trajectory of a payload shifted by crane is solved using searching graph algorithm based on heuristic function. The presented approach is possible to apply also to n-th numerous sets of automated cranes. The application of crane set control system was based on supervisory system (HMI/ SCADA system) equipped in user interface for implementing the heuristic knowledge about considered process used to aid decision-making process.
Reliability and Risk - Logical and Probabilistic Model
Authors: Szymanek Andrzej
Published: August 2010

Reliability and Risk - Logical and Probabilistic Model

Each real system and its surrounding can be synthetic described by two values: positive potential and negative potential. The first one expresses system ability to task realization and the second one shows sum of conditions which system has to realize. Defining order relations (bigger, smaller) between those potentials, the system reliability can be universally defined. But defining order relations with parameters of system activity "consequences", the risk can be defined. This is one of safety potential conception version postulated once by author. In the lecture are presented assumptions of new logic and probabilistic model of reliability and risk, basing on this idea.
Technical Risk Analysis of Railway Vehicle
Authors: Mańka Adam , Wachnik Rafał
Published: August 2010

Technical Risk Analysis of Railway Vehicle

The first official document concerning technical risk assessment in railway transport was "Safety Directive" #49 released in 2004 by European Commission. It was particularized in commission regulation number 352 from 2009 on the adoption of a common safety method on risk evaluation and assessment. The actual requirement of technical risk assessment results from building and implementing IRIS, and from 2012 it will result from certification of maintenance facilities (Directive 110/2008/EC). In this article legal basics concerning technical risk assessment, and analysis of railway accidents were discussed.
Analysis of the Influence of Carried Out Repairs Efficiency on Transport Means Operational Reliability
Authors: Wdzięczny Andrzej , Muślewski Łukasz
Published: August 2010

Analysis of the Influence of Carried Out Repairs Efficiency on Transport Means Operational Reliability

The Maintenance factors and destructive processes which affect systems and elements of technical objects result in undesirable changes of values of their functional features, which causes damages. A damage to a technical object has been defined as exceeding permitted boundary values by significant features characterizing their elements. On the basis of analysis results of the author's own research concerning damages to means of transport, used in real transport systems, it has been found that these damages are the effect of different forcing factors. A certain number of damages is caused by natural wear of machine elements, whereas other damages can occur in result of ineffective repair of a previous damage. Thus, the so called recurrent (secondary) damages occur in a short period of time. On the basis of literature and maintenance and operation analysis results it was found that the most frequent cause of recurrent damage occurrence is improper quality of repairs of the analyzed means of transport. Primary damages are not dependent on each other and they appear randomly, whereas recurrent damages do depend on each other and their occurrence is the conditioned by earlier occurrence of a repair, and above all, by its poor quality. In the paper, a method for evaluation the influence of carried out repairs on transport means operational reliability, has been presented On the basis of the analysis of the moments in which damages to the means of transport and of the time interval lengths between them a simulation model representing a real stream of the damages was built, which enables to evaluate influence of the efficiency of the performed repairs of the means of transport in the real transport system
Chosen Aspects of Analysis of Road Traffic Safety in Poland Between 1995 and 2008
Authors: Kisilowski Jerzy , Zalewski Jarosław
Published: August 2010

Chosen Aspects of Analysis of Road Traffic Safety in Poland Between 1995 and 2008

In this paper certain occurrences are presented, resulting from statistical data concerning road traffic accidents in the period between 1995 and 2008. Some trends for the next years are also presented along with the consideration of certain indicators for Mazowieckie Voivodship. Analysis of the chosen data let us formulate the conclusions concerning the concrete aspects of road traffic safety both in Poland and Mazowsze. Attempt was made to evaluate the actual condition of road traffic safety as well as its upgrade.
A Probabilistic Method of Determining Fatigue Lives of Some Selected Structural Components of an Aircraft to Maintain the Required Flight Safety Level - An Outline
Authors: Tomaszek Henryk , Żurek Józef , Klimaszewski Sławomir , Zieja Mariusz
Published: August 2010

A Probabilistic Method of Determining Fatigue Lives of Some Selected Structural Components of an Aircraft to Maintain the Required Flight Safety Level - An Outline

The paper has been intended to outline a method of determining fatigue life of a structural component of an aircraft for some assumed flight safety level. The results gained allowed of finding the density function of time (i.e. flying time) indispensable to exceed the permissible crack length. With this function determined, one could determine reliability of the component to be then used to find fatigue life of this structural component. Two solutions have been given consideration, both depending on the m coefficient in the Paris relationship, i.e. for m = 2 and m ≠ 2.
Effects of Statins on Skeletal Muscle: A Perspective for Physical Therapists
Authors: Di Stasi Stephanie L. , MacLeod Toran D. , Winters Joshua D. , Binder-Macleod Stuart A.
Published: August 2010

Hyperlipidemia, also known as high blood cholesterol, is a cardiovascular health risk that affects more than one third of adults in the United States. Statins are commonly prescribed and successful lipid-lowering medications that reduce the risks associated with cardiovascular disease. The side effects most commonly associated with statin use involve muscle cramping, soreness, fatigue, weakness, and, in rare cases, rapid muscle breakdown that can lead to death. Often, these side effects can become apparent during or after strenuous bouts of exercise. Although the mechanisms by which statins affect muscle performance are not entirely understood, recent research has identified some common causative factors. As musculoskeletal and exercise specialists, physical therapists have a unique opportunity to identify adverse effects related to statin use. The purposes of this perspective article are: (1) to review the metabolism and mechanisms of actions of statins, (2) to discuss the effects of statins on skeletal muscle function, (3) to detail the clinical presentation of statin-induced myopathies, (4) to outline the testing used to diagnose statin-induced myopathies, and (5) to introduce a role for the physical therapist for the screening and detection of suspected statin-induced skeletal muscle myopathy.
Celebrating 2010 as International Year of Biodiversity
Authors: Editor The
Published: August 2010

DOI: 10.3126/banko.v20i1.3501Banko Janakari, Vol. 20, No. 1 pp.1-2
Forest cover monitoring of Bara district (Nepal) using remote sensing and geographic information systems
Authors: Kandel CM , Caetano M , Cabral P
Published: August 2010

This study uses Landsat TM of 1989 and ETM+ of 1999 and 2005 imagery to evaluateforest cover dynamics during 1989-2005 in the Bara district of Nepal. The aim of thestudy was to analyse the extent and trend of forest cover dynamics, spatial pattern offorest and their driving forces. Forest cover change analysis was performed using objectorientedclassification approach applying a standard nearest neighbour algorithm to classifythe image in recognition. The overall classification accuracies were 85.71% and 88.23%for the year 1999 and 2005, respectively. Land cover maps were produced with sevenland cover categories and were further reclassified as forest and non-forest areas toanalyse the forest cover dynamics. Post-classification and time series analysis were carriedout to detect the changes. Spatial metrics were computed for detecting the spatial patternof forest. The classifications suggested that the amount of forest land had decreased by11.56% during 1989-2005. Spatial metrics revealed that forest area has been fragmentedand deforested with an annual rate of 0.72%. The overall result demonstrates that forestarea has experienced a significant shrinkage and mostly transferred into agricultural andbare land. Expected change for the year 2021 was projected using Markov Chain Analysis(MCA). The MCA result showed that forest area would decrease by 8.5% in the period of2005-2021.Key words: Forest cover dynamics; geographical information systems; landsat; remotesensing; spatial metricsDOI: 10.3126/banko.v20i1.3506Banko Janakari, Vol. 20, No. 1 pp.30-36