bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Can Crude Oil Exploration Influence the Phytochemicals and Bioactivity of Medicinal Plants? A Case of Nigerian Vernonia amygdalina and Ocimum gratissimum
Authors: Diyaolu Oluwatofunmilayo A. , Oluwabusola Emmanuel T. , Attah Alfred F. , Olori Eric O. , Fagbemi Adeshola A. , Preet Gagan , Soldatou Sylvia , Moody Jones O. , Jaspars Marcel , Ebel Rainer
Published: November 2022

The Nigerian Niger-Delta crude oil exploration often results in spills that affect indigenous medicinal plant biodiversity, likely changing the phytochemical profile of surviving species, their bioactivity or toxicity. In crude oil-rich Kokori and crude oil-free Abraka, classic examples of indigenous plants occupying the medicine-food interface include Vernonia amygdalina (VAL) and Ocimum gratissimum leaves (OGL). These plants are frequently utilised during pregnancy and in anaemia. To date, no scientific investigation has been reported on the potential changes to the phytochemical or bioactivity of the study plants. To discuss the similarities and dissimilarities in antisickling bioactivity and phytochemicals in VAL and OGL collected from Kokori (VAL-KK and OGL-KK) and Abraka (VAL-AB and OGL-AB), in silico, in vitro and comparative UPLC-QTOF-MS analysis was performed. Nine unique compounds were identified in OGL-KK, which have never been reported in the literature, while differences in antisickling potentials were observed in VAL-KK, OGL-KK and, VAL-AB, OGL-AB. Our findings show that VAL-AB and OGL-AB are richer and more diverse in phytochemicals and displayed a slightly higher antisickling activity than VAL-KK and OGL-KK. Ligand-based pharmacophore modelling was performed to understand the potential compounds better; this study may provide a basis for explaining the effect of crude oil spills on secondary metabolites and a reference for further research.
User Authentication Recognition Process Using Long Short-Term Memory Model
Authors: Ortiz Bengie L. , Gupta Vibhuti , Chong Jo Woon , Jung Kwanghee , Dallas Tim
Published: November 2022

User authentication (UA) is the process by which biometric techniques are used by a person to gain access to a physical or virtual site. UA has been implemented in various applications such as financial transactions, data privacy, and access control. Various techniques, such as facial and fingerprint recognition, have been proposed for healthcare monitoring to address biometric recognition problems. Photoplethysmography (PPG) technology is an optical sensing technique which collects volumetric blood change data from the subject’s skin near the fingertips, earlobes, or forehead. PPG signals can be readily acquired from devices such as smartphones, smartwatches, or web cameras. Classical machine learning techniques, such as decision trees, support vector machine (SVM), and k-nearest neighbor (kNN), have been proposed for PPG identification. We developed a UA classification method for smart devices using long short-term memory (LSTM). Specifically, our UA classifier algorithm uses raw signals so as not to lose the specific characteristics of the PPG signal coming from each user’s specific behavior. In the UA context, false positive and false negative rates are crucial. We recruited thirty healthy subjects and used a smartphone to take PPG data. Experimental results show that our Bi-LSTM-based UA algorithm based on the feature-based machine learning and raw data-based deep learning approaches provides 95.0% and 96.7% accuracy, respectively.
Dual-Wavelength Forward-Enhanced Directional Scattering and Second Harmonic Enhancement in Open-Hole Silicon Nanoblock
Authors: Wang Xinghua , Zheng Yunbao , Ouyang Min , Fan Haihua , Dai Qiaofeng , Liu Haiying
Published: November 2022

Nanostructures with appropriate sizes can limit light-matter interaction and support electromagnetic multipole resonance. The interaction between light and nanostructures is intimately related to manipulating the direction of scattered light in the far field as well as the electromagnetic field in the near field. In this paper, we demonstrate dual-wavelength directional forward-scattering enhancement in an individual open-hole silicon nanoblock (OH-SiNB) and simultaneously achieve bulk and surface electromagnetic field localization. The second harmonic generation is enhanced using electromagnetic field localization on the square hole surface. Numerical simulations reveal that the resonance modes, at λ1 = 800 nm and λ2 = 1190 nm, approximately satisfy the Kerker condition. In the near field, the magnetic dipole modes at dual wavelength all satisfy the boundary condition that the normal component of the electric displacement is continuous on the square holes surface, thus obtaining the surface electromagnetic field localization. Moreover, highly efficient second harmonic generation can be achieved at dual wavelengths using the surface electromagnetic field localization and the increased surface area of the square holes. Our results provide a new strategy for the integration of nanoantennas and nonlinear optoelectronic devices in optical chips.
How Well Are Pharmacists Represented in National Institutes of Health R01 Funding to United States Schools of Pharmacy?
Authors: Nguyen Duong , Selby Ashley R. , Hall Ronald G.
Published: November 2022

Pharmacists are essential healthcare providers but historically are not well represented as principal investigators (PIs) of R01 grants by the United States (US) National Institutes of Health (NIH). Pharmacy organizations have taken steps to provide pharmacists with research training to improve their chances of achieving PI status. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the NIH RePORTER website about R01 grants awarded to PIs affiliated with US Schools of Pharmacy (SOPs) for the fiscal years 2005–2019. Information regarding professional degrees was supplemented using data from the PIs’ institutional website profiles and other internet-based sources. Only doctorate degrees obtained within the US were included for clinically related degrees. Data regarding more than one year of funding for the same project, equipment supplements, and diversity supplements were excluded to focus on unique projects in year one of funding. PhDs were the primary unique PIs of R01 grants at US SOPs (>90%). Pharmacist representation as unique PIs increased over the 15 years but was still only 10.1% for the years 2015–2019. There was a higher percentage of female pharmacists as unique PIs than female non-pharmacists. Pharmacists are currently underrepresented as unique PIs for NIH R01 grants. This conclusion is limited by not knowing how many pharmacist R01 applications were submitted.
The Role of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibition in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Brust-Sisti Lindsay , Rudawsky Nicole , Gonzalez Jimmy , Brunetti Luigi
Published: November 2022

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a novel class of antidiabetic mediations found to also reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and hospitalization for heart failure. Positive results from the EMPEROR-Preserved (empagliflozin) and PRESERVED-HF (dapagliflozin) studies led to recommendations for SGLT2 inhibitors in HFpEF within major international heart failure guidelines. However, studies of ipragliflozin and luseogliflozin, agents approved outside the United States (U.S.), reported different outcomes relative to pivotal trials and failed to realize benefits in the HFpEF population. Varying definitions of HFpEF and outcomes studied complicate the interpretation of study results. SGLT2 inhibitors may cause common adverse events (genital mycotic infections, volume depletion) in addition to rare but severe sequela, including euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis, Fournier’s gangrene, and lower limb amputation. While evidence of CV benefits grows, SGLT2 inhibitor prescribing has lagged, particularly among patients without diabetes. In the U.S., high cost and administrative hurdles may contribute to decreased patient and clinician uptake of this drug class. Future trial results and clinical experience with SGLT2 inhibitors may lead to expanded use and greater uptake among patients with heart failure.
A Universal Phase Error Analysis for Optical Frequency Tuning Lasers Utilized in Fiber Sensing with OFDR
Authors: Yao Zheyi , Yuan Zhewen , Gu Guohua , Chen Qian , Sui Xiubao
Published: November 2022

As optical fiber sensing has attracted increasing attention due to its advantages such as high accuracy, low costs, and stability, its optical source judgment has become an attractive issue by which to characterize its performance. Optical frequency-domain reflectometry (OFDR) has been demonstrated as a means of the fiber identification (ID) of optical fibers; however, the linearity of the optical frequency tuning rate determines both the spatial resolution and detection range. In this paper, the results from various simulations and experiments show that the phase error from the initial frequency and tuning rate can affect the performance of the OFDR system, which directs the future improvement direction of fiber sensing based on such technology.
G-Net Light: A Lightweight Modified Google Net for Retinal Vessel Segmentation
Authors: Iqbal Shahzaib , Naqvi Syed S. , Khan Haroon A. , Saadat Ahsan , Khan Tariq M.
Published: November 2022

In recent years, convolutional neural network architectures have become increasingly complex to achieve improved performance on well-known benchmark datasets. In this research, we have introduced G-Net light, a lightweight modified GoogleNet with improved filter count per layer to reduce feature overlaps, hence reducing the complexity. Additionally, by limiting the amount of pooling layers in the proposed architecture, we have exploited the skip connections to minimize the spatial information loss. The suggested architecture is analysed using three publicly available datasets for retinal vessel segmentation, namely DRIVE, CHASE and STARE datasets. The proposed G-Net light achieves an average accuracy of 0.9686, 0.9726, 0.9730 and F1-score of 0.8202, 0.8048, 0.8178 on DRIVE, CHASE, and STARE datasets, respectively. The proposed G-Net light achieves state-of-the-art performance and outperforms other lightweight vessel segmentation architectures with fewer trainable number of parameters.
Accurate Passive 3D Polarization Face Reconstruction under Complex Conditions Assisted with Deep Learning
Authors: Han Pingli , Li Xuan , Liu Fei , Cai Yudong , Yang Kui , Yan Mingyu , Sun Shaojie , Liu Yanyan , Shao Xiaopeng
Published: November 2022

Accurate passive 3D face reconstruction is of great importance with various potential applications. Three-dimensional polarization face reconstruction is a promising approach, but one bothered by serious deformations caused by an ambiguous surface normal. In this study, we propose a learning-based method for passive 3D polarization face reconstruction. It first calculates the surface normal of each microfacet at a pixel level based on the polarization of diffusely reflected light on the face, where no auxiliary equipment, including artificial illumination, is required. Then, the CNN-based 3DMM (convolutional neural network; 3D morphable model) generates a rough depth map of the face with the directly captured polarization image. The map works as an extra constraint to correct the ambiguous surface normal obtained from polarization. An accurate surface normal finally allows for an accurate 3D face reconstruction. Experiments in both indoor and outdoor conditions demonstrate that accurate 3D faces can be well-reconstructed. Moreover, with no auxiliary equipment required, the method ensures a total passive 3D face reconstruction.
Numerical Simulations of Radial Well Assisted Deflagration Fracturing Based on the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Method
Authors: Gong Diguang , Chen Junbin , Wang Weibo , Qu Guanzheng , Zhu Jianhong , Wang Xiaoming , Zhang Haoyu
Published: November 2022

The technology of radial-well-assisted hydraulic fracturing is applied in the stimulation of low-permeability hydrocarbon reservoirs where commercial production cannot be achieved by the conventional fracturing method. Here, a study on the reservoir stimulation effect and the fracture propagation pattern of radial-well-assisted deflagration fracturing was carried out. Based on smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH), rock mechanics theory, and finite element theory, a numerical model of radial-well-assisted deflagration fracturing was established by integrating the JWL state equation. Research on the effects of the deflagration position, radial well azimuth and horizontal principal stress difference on the fracture propagation was carried out. The results show that the deflagration position, radial well azimuth and horizontal principal stress difference have significant effects on the fracture area in deflagration fracturing. The closer distance from the deflagration position is, the larger the radial well azimuth and the smaller the horizontal stress difference are, leading to a larger fracture area, which is conducive to reservoir stimulation. During fracturing, both shear fractures and tensile fractures are formed. The formation and conversion of shear fractures and tensile fractures are related to the deflagration position, radial well azimuth, horizontal principal stress difference, etc.
Study on the Influence of Pressure Reduction and Chemical Injection on Hydrate Decomposition
Authors: Wang Lei , Song Zhikang , Huang Xin , Xu Wenjun , Chen Zhengbang
Published: November 2022

This study simulated seabed high pressure and low temperature conditions to synthesize natural gas hydrates, multi-stage depressurization mode mining hydrates as the blank group, and then carried out experimental research on the decomposition and mining efficiency of hydrates by depressurization and injection of different alcohols, inorganic salts, and different chemical agent concentrations. According to the experimental results, the chemical agent with the best decomposition efficiency is preferred; the results show that: the depressurization and injection of a certain mass concentration of chemical agents to exploit natural gas hydrate is more effective than pure depressurization to increase the instantaneous gas production rate. This is because depressurization combined with chemical injection can destroy the hydrate phase balance while effectively reducing the energy required for hydrate decomposition, thereby greatly improving the hydrate decomposition efficiency. Among them, depressurization and injection of 30% ethylene glycol has the best performance in alcohols; the decomposition efficiency is increased by 52.0%, and the mining efficiency is increased by 68.2% within 2 h. Depressurization and injection of 15% calcium chloride has the best performance in inorganic salts; the decomposition efficiency is increased by 46.3%, and the mining efficiency is increased by 61.1% within 2 h. In the actual mining process, the appropriate concentration of chemical agents should be used to avoid polluting the environment.
A Geometric-Feature-Based Method for Automatic Extraction of Anchor Rod Points from Dense Point Cloud
Authors: Li Siyuan , Yue Dongjie , Zheng Dehua , Cai Dongjian , Hu Chuang
Published: November 2022

As the technology of high-precision 3D laser scanning becomes increasingly prevalent in the fields of hydraulic building modeling and deformation monitoring, the quality of point clouds plays an increasingly crucial role in data processing. This paper investigates an automatic extraction method of anchor rod points based on geometric features, which focuses on the influence of anchor rod points and mixed pixels in the data of an underground powerhouse of a pumped storage power station on modeling and deformation monitoring during the construction period. This workflow consists of two steps that can automatically extract anchor rod points from high-density point cloud data. Triangular mesh features in the local neighborhood and the parameters of the anchor rods are used to locate the anchor rod in downsampled data, and curvature features are used to extract anchor rod points precisely. The experiment of extracting anchor rods shows that the accuracy of this method of initial identification is 97.2%. Furthermore, precise extraction based on curvature curve fitting is applicable. This method can accurately separate the three types of anchor rods from the dense point cloud on the rough surface of a cavern roof; the false-extraction rate of anchor rod points is about 0.11% to 5.09%. This method can provide high-quality and dependable data sources for the precise registration, modeling and deformation analysis of point clouds in a construction cavern.
Assessment of Anti-Obesity Potential and Techno-Functional Properties of Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd. Bracts
Authors: Kumar Mukul , Kaushik Deepika , Kaur Jasjit , Proestos Charalampos , Oz Fatih , Kumar Ashwani , Anjali Anjali , Elobeid Tahra , Terzioğlu Murat Emre , Xiao Jianbo
Published: November 2022

The present research signifies the anti-obesity potential of Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd. and its techno-functional properties. Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd. is a medicinal plant that belongs to the Nyctaginaceae family. Studies have reported the various bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, etc., in Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd., responsible for its biological properties such as antibacterial, antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antifungal, antipyretic, and anticarcinogenic. In this article, the techno-functional properties of the plant, such as tapped density, bulk density, Hausner ratio, Carr index, angle of repose, water absorption and solubility index, swelling capacity, foaming capacity, foam stability, and oil absorption capacity were discussed. The plant’s total phenolic and flavonoid content was 2.9 mg GAE/g and 12.3 mg QE/g, respectively. The plant’s antioxidant activity (89.9%) was estimated using the DPPH assay. The components of the plant powder were confirmed by FTIR analysis. Lipase (IC50: 68.21) and amylase inhibition assay (IC50: 60.19) significantly confirmed the anti-obesity potential of the plant. The highest glucose retention time (2.1 mg/dL) was observed at 120 min.
How Human Trafficking Fuels Erosion of Liberal Democracies—In Fiction and Fact, and from within and without
Authors: Coster van Voorhout Jill E.B.
Published: November 2022

On the same day that the human trafficker Ms. Ghislaine Maxwell was sentenced to 20 years’ imprisonment, many people closely watched the sixth hearing of the House Select Committee on the attack of the United States Capitol on 6 January 2021 (28 June 2022). What, if anything, do these ostensibly varied crimes have in common? Seeking to answer this fundamental question, this article explores the usually under-researched connection between trafficking in persons and the documented decline of liberal democracies worldwide. Globally, democratic societies governed by the rule of law appear to be under assault, and therefore this article explores relevant examples of how human trafficking contributes to the erosion of liberal democracy, in fiction and fact, and from within and without. In other words, this article takes us from ‘Pizzagate’ to profits.
Effect of Plastic Waste on Volume Consumption of Landfill during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Aurpa Sehneela Sara , Hossain Sahadat , Islam Md Azijul
Published: November 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has altered all aspects of human life since its breakout in March 2020 in the USA and around the world. There has been a tremendous increase in the use of plastic products as most of the PPE (masks, gloves, and other medical equipment) are made from plastic. Therefore, the generation of plastic waste was expected to increase significantly, which was also reported by many news agencies and organizations. This study determines the increase in plastic waste in municipal solid waste (MSW) and investigates its effect on landfill volume consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic. MSW samples were collected from the working face of Irving Hunter Ferrell landfill from May 2020 to December 2020. During every attempted sample collection, eight bags of MSW samples, each weighing 20–25 lbs., were collected. The MSW samples collected from the landfill were characterized and later the volume was estimated to evaluate the potential effects on landfill airspace. Based on the experimental investigations, it was found that plastic waste generation increased significantly during the pandemic (increasing from an 18.5% pre-pandemic level to 30% during the pandemic). Volumetric estimation suggests that the increased amount of plastic waste occupies 20% more volume in landfills. Quantification and estimation of the volume of the increased amount of plastic waste can be useful in predicting the impact of the pandemic on the lifetime of landfills.
Revisiting the Absorption Spectra of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons over Porto (Portugal) by TD-DFT Calculations
Authors: Fernandes Guilherme M. , Macedo Francisco J. D. , da Silva Joaquim C. G. Esteves , da Silva Luís Pinto
Published: November 2022

Brown carbon is a type of strong light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosol associated with radiative forcing. Nevertheless, the difficulty in correlating the chemical composition of brown carbon with its light absorption properties impairs the proper elucidation of its role in radiative forcing. Here, we have used a time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT)-based procedure to revisit the “real-world” absorption spectra of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) over the city of Porto, in Portugal, while correcting the spectra for their quantity in PM10 particulate matter. Our aim is to, by comparing these new results with those obtained previously regarding PM2.5 data, evaluate the role of different groupings of particulate matter in the light absorption of brown carbon. The results indicate that irrespective of the absorption spectra corresponding to their PM10 or PM2.5 data, the studied PAHs should contribute to radiative forcing by light absorption at UVA and (sub)visible wavelengths. However, the identity of the individual PAH species that contribute the most for the considered wavelengths can be quite different. Thus, different groupings of particulate matter appear to provide distinct contributions to light absorption and radiative forcing over the same location, even when considering the same class of molecular compounds.
Separation of Minor Actinides from High-Level Liquid Waste Using Novel Silica-Based Butyl-BTP Adsorbents
Authors: Jiang Tianjiao , Ning Shunyan , Yu Tao , Wang Ji , Wei Yuezhou , Wu Yan , He Hui , Chen Fangqiang , Wang Qingsong
Published: November 2022

To separate the long-lived minor actinides (MA = Am, Cm) from high-level liquid waste (HLLW), we have been studying an advanced separation process via selective adsorption that uses minimal amounts of organic solvent and compact equipment. The process consists of two separation columns packed with a CMPO (octyl(phenyl)-N,N-diisobutylcarbamoyl-methyl phosphine oxide) adsorbent for elemental group separation and a soft-donor named the R-BTP (2,6-bis-(5,6-dialkyl-1,2,4-triazine-3-yl) pyridine) adsorbent for the isolation of MA from lanthanides (Ln). In this work, the effects of nitrate ion (NO3−) on the adsorption behavior of Am(III) and a typical fission product Ln(III) onto the isoBu-BTP/SiO2-P adsorbent were studied experimentally. Then, the desorption properties of the adsorbed element were examined using different eluting agents. A hot test for the separation of MA from the fission product Ln in a genuine MA containing effluent from the irradiated MOX-fuel treatment process was carried out using a nBu-BTP/SiO2-P packed column. It was found that the separation factor between Am(III) and Ln(III)-FP is over 100 in the measured 0.5–4 M NO3−. The adsorbed elements could be effectively eluted off using a complexing agent such as DTPA or pure water. Complete separation between MA and Ln was achieved in the column results, indicating that the proposed MA separation process is feasible in principle.
Health-Related Quality of Life, Pain and Sleep in Patients with HIV Depending on the Clinical Situation: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study
Authors: Salmanton-García Jon , Alburquerque-Sendín Francisco , Martín-Vallejo Javier , Iglesias-Gómez Alicia , Cordero-Sánchez Miguel
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Health-related quality of life (HRQL), pain and sleep have been described as relevant traits in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The aim of this study is to describe and evaluate HRQL, pain and sleep and their interdependence in HIV-positive patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study on HIV-infected patients was conducted. A set of five different questionnaires was used: two questionnaires addressing HRQL (Short Form 36 [SF-36] Health Survey and Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 30 [MOS-SF 30]), one on pain (McGill Pain Questionnaire) and one on sleep (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI]). We also collected the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients. Results: The sample included 109 patients (age: 46.08 ± 10.49 years; 68.8% male). The pain experience was independent of HRQL and sleep. Relationships among HRQL, pain and sleep associated to sociodemographic and clinical factors were not detected (p > 0.05). Patients with CDC category A showed moderate to high correlations among HRQL, pain and sleep. In CDC B-type patients, a moderate correlation was observed between pain and mental health. In CDC C patients, moderate correlations were observed between HRQL and sleep and pain and sleep, with no correlations between HRQL and pain. Conclusions: HRQL, pain and sleep are differently correlated in HIV patients depending on their clinical stage. Neither the nadir of CD4-T cells nor the current count of CD4-T cells was found to be related with HRQL, pain or sleep.
Mosquito Fauna and Spatial Distribution in an Atlantic Forest Area in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, Reveal a High Risk of Transmission of Yellow Fever and Other Arboviruses
Authors: de Miranda Rafaella , Ferreira-de-Brito Anielly , Silva Júlia , Xavier Alexandre , Freitas Silva Shayenne , Alencar Jeronimo , Lourenço-de-Oliveira Ricardo
Published: November 2022

In 2017–2019, Brazil recorded its most severe outbreak of yellow fever due to the spread of the virus (YFV) in the country’s southeast. Here, we investigated mosquito fauna and the spatial distribution of species in a primatology center in the Atlantic Forest bioregion in Rio de Janeiro state to evaluate the risk of YFV transmission in distinct environments. Fortnightly mosquito collections were performed from December 2018 to December 2019 at 12 sites along a disturbance gradient from a modified environment to 400 m inside the forest. We used ovitraps, BG-Sentinel, and protected human attraction (PHA). A total of 9349 mosquitoes of 21 species were collected. The collection method strongly influenced the captured fauna, with species such as Anopheles cruzii, Psorophora ferox, Runchomyia cerqueirai, Wyeomyia incaudata, Wy. theobaldi, Sabethes chloropterus, and Sa. albiprivus only collected via PHA. Collections with ovitraps resulted in low diversity and richness, with Haemagogus leucocelaenus and Hg. janthinomys/capricornii predominating. The diverse local fauna and the abundance and ubiquity of the latter species, which are the primary vectors of YFV, indicated that this area was highly vulnerable to arbovirus transmission, especially yellow fever, highlighting the need for improved surveillance and vaccination coverage in human and captive endangered non-human primates.
Numerical Analysis of Wind Effect on Wave Overtopping on a Vertical Seawall
Authors: Di Leo Angela , Dentale Fabio , Buccino Mariano , Tuozzo Sara , Pugliese Carratelli Eugenio
Published: November 2022

Onshore wind significantly affects wave run-up and overtopping, thereby representing a major variable to account for in the design process. The aim of this study is to analyze the ability of numerical models to properly reproduce the wind effect on the overtopping at vertical seawall and to use them to understand how the wind influences the overtopping process as well. We use the RANS model, FLOW-3D, and the NLSW model, SWASH; both model the action of wind through the shear stress that it exerts on the sea surface. Although a simplified modelling of wind has been adopted, the CFD model has led to physically consistent results. On the other hand, SWASH seems to be unsuitable for reproducing the enhancement of the overtopping rate due to wind. CFD numerical results show that the wind affects only the lower overtopping regime (i.e., q < 1 l/s/m); as the mean overtopping discharge decreases, the influence of wind increases. Specifically, wind plays a key role in pure “white overtopping”, where the advection of spray is the predominant mechanism of the overtopping process. The effects of wind thus seem to be important in the design of seawalls, but are difficult to quantify through hydraulic models because of the unknown scaling laws. Therefore, we have found that a full-scale numerical approach is suitable to study the influence of wind on wave overtopping and to evaluate the wind factor to take into account in the design process.
Computer-Assisted Ergonomic Analysis of Working Postures Causing Strain
Authors: EMİR Tuna , VAROL Tugrul , ÖZEL Halil Barış
Published: November 2022

The present study aimed to analyze the postures of workers in a workshop type small-scale furniture manufacturing factory considering seven workstations including edge banding station, horizontal circular saw cutting station, circular saw cutting station, borehole station, planning station, thickness adjustment (planning station, and band saw station. It was also intended to determine the points they have difficulty and what extent they have difficulty (i.e. the level of risk), and to bring the workplace conditions in compliance with the workers’ necessities through improvement arrangements about how they can avoid the ergonomic risks and dangers they face. Video recordings and photographs of each process were taken from different angles with cameras. Posture analysis was performed by selecting the movement that is most repetitive, longest, improper and forceful posture. Contrary to the previous studies incorporating estimation-based risk analyses, the present study employs uMED Ergonomics software, which allows analysis by collecting data (i.e. distance and angle) with measurement tools on the image, in analyzing the angles of body parts and clearly revealing the workers’ postures. Ergonomic risk analysis was performed using the REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment) method, as it numerically quantifies the degree of risk which is one of the effective risk assessment methods. It was determined that the posture modifications and some ergonomic improvements significantly reduced the risk level. Accordingly, once the risk levels were determined (high for Station 1, medium for other stations), the risks were reduced to very low for Stations 4 and 7, and low for other stations.
Pengembangan Transportasi Berkelanjutan untuk Mewujudkan Konsep TOD sebagai Pengentas Permasalahan Perkotaan di Kota Surabaya
Authors: Fatmawati Yumnaa Giri
Published: November 2022

This article aims to analyse the development of sustainable transportation in the city of Surabaya which has the potential to realise the concept of Transit Oriented Development (TOD) as a solution to urban problems in the city of Surabaya.  The problem is focused on the analysis of Sustainable Transportation and the concept of TOD in the city of Surabaya.  To approach this problem, theoretical references from the Organization Of Economic Transportation (1996) and National Round Table On The Environment And The Economy (1996) are used to describe the related sustainable transportation and the theory of Peter Calthrope (1993) which describes the concept of TOD.  Primary data was obtained from observation and secondary surveys, while secondary data was obtained through literature analysis.  The data analysis approach was carried out using qualitative methods with a level of focus on deepening descriptive analysis.  The results of the study state that the Surabaya City Government needs to develop the availability of sustainable transportation that is already available and careful development planning in transit areas that already have the potential to realise the application of the TOD concept.  This study concludes that the development of sustainable transportation in the city of Surabaya has the potential to realise the concept of TOD as a medium for solving the problem of population density and congestion in the city of Surabaya
Analisis Isi Penggunaan Facebook dalam Marketing dan Branding Produk Kecantikan Scarlett dan Skin Dewi
Authors: Zafallah Yusril , Wibowo Kunto Adi , Fuady Ikhsan
Published: November 2022

Beauty companies Skin Dewi and Scarlett use social media Facebook to promote their products and to interact with consumers. This article examines and discusses how beauty brands use social media, especially Facebook, to increase brand awareness and brand loyalty with viral marketing theory. This study took 159 samples taken by purposive sampling technique. Of the two brands, uploading content about products is the type of upload that is most uploaded. However, the product promotion technique that is often used looks different, Scarlett uses a giveaway technique, while Skin Dewi uses another technique. The two brands also did not specify a specific time to upload their promotions. In terms of engagement, there is a significant difference between the Scarlett and Skin Dewi brands. Brand Scarlett tends to have good and stable engagement, while Skin Dewi has poor engagement.
Uso de sequência didática de matemática para potencializar a aprendizagem de um aluno com Síndrome de Down
Authors: Maduro Carina Barbosa , Alves Rodrigues Paloma Alinne
Published: November 2022

O presente artigo teve como objetivo investigar as contribuições do uso de Sequências Didáticas de matemática, em especial sobre o conteúdo de contagem e adição para potencializar a aprendizagem de um aluno com Síndrome de Down. Desse modo, neste artigo serão apresentadas as atividades desenvolvidas ao longo de uma Sequência Didática elaborada para um aluno com Síndrome de Down, a fim de potencializar sua aprendizagem no que tange aos conceitos de contagem e adição. Assim, a Sequência Didática contemplou uma abordagem diferenciada utilizando para isso aspectos do interesse e da apreciação do aluno a quem foi destinada, tais como, materiais pedagógicos e a articulação do futebol. A prática do futebol associada ao conteúdo estudado demonstrou ser um recurso fundamental de apoio às ações desenvolvidas, visto que, o aluno possuía um amplo interesse relacionado a esse esporte, sendo, portanto, um canal essencial para motivação no processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Por meio da observação aliada à reflexão no decorrer das atividades, foi possível verificar que a introdução de temáticas apreciadas pelo aluno promoveram o interesse e contribuíram  para a aprendizagem. Isso evidencia a necessidade do professor partir de ações que visam os interesses dos alunos para promover uma aprendizagem agradável e significativa.
Réflexions sur la présence sud-asiatique dans le monde insulindien (XIe-XIVe siècle)
Authors: Perret Daniel
Published: November 2022

This article investigates two aspects of the long history of the relations between Insular Southeast Asia and South Asia, focusing on the period between the eleventh and the fourteenth century. In the first part, the author sketches a ‘ map’ of the various clues suggesting the presence of people from South Asia in Insular Southeast Asia, relying mostly on archaeological and epigraphic data, but also on literary sources, as well as on Portuguese sources. In the second part, he focuses on the role that South Asian groups or communities may have played in Insular Southeast Asia regarding the development of pepper cultivation and trade, emphasizing the possible role of Indian trade guilds and merchant communities settled in the Kerala ports. Lastly, the author suggests that in Insular Southeast Asia, this pepper-related activity may have generated, from that time on, a demand for South Asian slaves.
Copacabana del Collao. Un documento de 1548 para la etnohistoria andina
Authors: Espinoza Soriano Waldemar
Published: November 2022

À propos de Copacabana, presqu'île bolivienne, située au Sud du Lac Titicaca, il existe une importante bibliographie d'ethnohistoire. Les chroniqueurs espagnols des 16e, 17e et 18e siècles lui ont consacré de nombreux ouvrages, vu son influence magique et religieuse sur la civilisation andine. Le document que nous publions est inédit et remarquable pour deux raisons ; parce qu'il renseigne sur la vie du premier "encomendero"' de Copacabana, le "licenciado'' García de León, et parce qu'il contient des renseignements concrets sur la démographie et le nombre de centres de peuplement de Copacabana, selon la "visite" effectuée par le capitaine Gabriel de Rojas en 1548. Ce sont des informations inédites et uniques dont on ne retrouve l'équivalent dans aucune chronique des années postérieures.
Coupe générale des Andes péruviennes (entre 9° Sud et 11° Sud)
Authors: Dalmayrac B.
Published: November 2022

Perfil geológico general de los Andes peruanos (entre 9° Sur y 11° Sur). El estudio de una sección de los Andes centrales del Perú demuestra que la cadena de los Andes se ha constituido durante tres orógenos:

1) Un orógeno precámbrico, con una tectónica polifásica acompañada de un metamorfismo de baja presión y que aflora ampliamente en la Cordillera Oriental, constituye el substrato de los edificios hercínicos y andinos.

2) La cadena hercínica aflora en la parte occidental de la Cordillera Oriental. En la sección estudiada el material paleozoico constituye el borde oriental del edificio hercínico. La cadena hercínica se constituyó durante dos fases de plegamentos:

— una fase eohercínica, bien marcada, caracterizada por pliegues parados, cilíndricos, de rumbo N 130°, acompañados de una esquistosidad de fractura. El conjunto constituye un amplio anticlinorium con plano axial vertical;

—una fase tardihercínica, poco desarrollada sobre esta transversal, se caracteriza por una tectónica por fallamiento.

Su posición entre dos bloques precámbricos y el estilo general de las estructuras sugieren su posición intracratónica.

3) La cadena andina, oblicua respecto a la cadena hercínica, es el resultado de la evolución de dos cuencas epicontinentales, una al Oeste, la otra al Este. La cadena andina está caracterizada por un estilo tectónico cuya intensidad crece desde la costa hasta la parte central donde aflora el nivel estructural inferior para luego disminuir brutalmente en la zona subandina. Una tectónica polifásica ha dado pliegues con planos axiales verticales o en abanico y acompañados de una esquistosidad de fractura.

Las estructuras más evidentes son debidas a fases de comprensión separadas por largos períodos durante los cuales los fenómenos de distensión son importantes.

La cadena andina se ha desarrollado de forma simétrica sobre un antiguo continente hercínico-precámbrico; solo la existencia de fallas inversas en el flanco oriental de la Cordillera Oriental indicaría una cierta asimetría, con echamiento hacia el NE.

La cadena andina debe ser considerada como una cadena intracratónica, ubicada en el borde del continente suramericano.
La Gorge de Huarangal : Ébauche d'une monographie de géographie humaine préhistorique
Authors: Engel Frédéric
Published: November 2022

L'auteur tient à préciser que son texte n'est qu'une ébauche de monographie humaine préhistorique. Malgré beaucoup d'efforts et de temps passé à l'étude de Huarangal, une vallée sèche du bassin-versant du Chilca, l'auteur ne peut encore donner des chiffres exacts concernant la population qui a vécu dans cette région pendant ces dernières 10.000 années ou concernant les ressources agricoles qu'offraient les lomas.

Il n'a pas été possible non plus de dresser des cartes de population pour les périodes les plus marquantes du fait de l'impossibilité de dater 50% des lieux habités ; ceux-ci ont été répartis en grandes catégories comme celle des "précéramiques" qui englobe aussi bien les populations préagricoles que celles qui pratiquaient une agriculture sans mais, ou comme celle de "céramique indéterminée".

Cependant, des résultats intéressants ont été obtenus dans diverses directions ; l'arrivés des premiers consommateurs de mais, jusqu'à maintenant inconnu dans les lomas, la typologie de l'architecture, différente dans chaque société ; les importants complexes agricoles qu'ont créés les précolombiens principalement les Lapa-Lapa, pour mettre en valeur un milieu certainement difficile.

II a été aussi remarqué qu'une vie sédentaire n'est pas nécessairement la conséquence d'une "néolithisation", d'une révolution agricole ; des sédentaires ont vécu en village en exploitant le milieu comme des parasites, sans rien produire.

L'étude, de plus, semble montrer deux choses :

— l'importance économique qu'auraient eues les lomas qui ont été exploitées d'une manière cyclique durant les millénaires de l'Holocène par des populations aussi nombreuses que variées.

— les difficultés rencontrées quand il s'agit de déterminer la durée d'occupation des villages. Combien de siècles a été habitée une loma ou on trouve les restes d'un village de cent cabanes et 150.000 tonnes de détritus ? S'agit-il d'une vie sédentaire, annuelle ou saisonnière ? Combien de réoccupations de lomas y eut-il pendant les 4-GOO ans de l'Holocène préagricole ?

Répondre à de telles questions ne pourra que servir au progrès de la connaissance de l'histoire de l'humanité en général, mais signifie aussi un approfondissement des recherches et une accumulation de datations dans le cadre d'équipes pluridisciplinaires.
Géomorphologie et eaux souterraines : présentation de la carte géomorphologique de la Pampa del Tamarugal (Désert Nord chilien)
Authors: Lecarpentier C.
Published: November 2022

La pampa del Tamarugal, honda fosa tectónica cuya altitud pasa de 750 m. al Sur a 1.200 m. al Norte, se alarga más de 150 km. entre las Cordilleras de la Costa, al Oeste, y de los Andes, al Este. Falta de aportes pluviales y por consiguiente aluviales, la primera no contribuyó al relleno cuaternario de la pampa, el cual se halla conformado por abanicos y coluviones suministrados por la vertiente oriental.

La pampa tampoco recibe precipitación alguna, sino tres o cuatro lloviznas por siglo. No obstante, dispone de aguas freáticas cuyo origen es el siguiente : las escasas aguas lluvias que bajan de los Andes se concentran primero en quebradas encajonadas en el piedemonte y, al llegar a la pampa, se infiltran profundamente en las formaciones gruesas del ápice de los conos de deyección ; luego caminan subterráneamente y se acercan de la superficie topográfica muy aguas abajo en lugares distantes, entre los abanicos o pegados a la vertiente salitrosa de la cordillera litoral.

Durante el recorrido esas aguas, disuelven las sales contenidas en los aluviones, de origen volcánico, y cuando se encuentran a escasa profundidad las dejan precipitar a raíz de una intensa evaporación, acelerada por subidas capillares, formándose costras gruesas, de varios tipos, en relación con la textura de los materiales y el nivel de la tabla freática. En algunos cerros, encostramientos menores se originan por condensar la humedad atmosférica.

El bosquejo de la pampa se completa por derrames de cenizas volcánicas y por acumulaciones eólicas, bajo forma bien sea de médanos todavía activos, o de un sinnúmero de dunas estabilizadas, unas por el encostramiento salino y las otras por matas de retamo.

La vegetación es nula o muy débil, a excepción del tamaiugo, árbol halófilo y freatofílico, capaz de buscar el agua hasta entre 15 y 20 metros de profundidad.

No existe hacia el exterior ningún escurrimiento de consideración, ni siquiera subterráneo. La pampa se encuentra en condiciones endoréicas, siendo los aportes freáticos compensados por la evaporación de los salares y el consumo de los tamarugos.

Cuando están maduros, las frutas del tamarugo caen al suelo, en donde sus vainas y pepas constituyen la única alimentación de ovejas y cabras ; por lo tanto se está llevando a cabo un extenso programa de plantaciones, para el cual la geomorfología permitió apreciar la profundidad del agua, lo mismo que suministrar varios datos anexos.
La división en mitades de la ciudad Incaica
Authors: Ellefsen Bernardo
Published: November 2022

Se postula que la ciudad incaica representa un microcosmos. Así como toda ciudad incaica se construye a imagen del Cuzco, toda provincia incaica es imagen del imperio. Y es que en su organización territorial y social básica los Incas siguieron un patrón arquetípico basado en presupuestos míticos.

Para entender el esquema básico de la organización urbana y social incaica se establece relación comparativa con casos análogos entre hindúes y romanos, y en especial se analiza las principales divisiones calendáricas que servían de base para estos esquemas arquetípicos. Esto permite plantear una explicación sobre el fundamento mítico de la división social en mitades, luego en cuartos y finalmente en fracciones menores.
La tributación indígena en el Ecuador
Authors: Jacome Nicanor
Published: November 2022

Ce travail essaie d'analyser le système du tribut en Équateur depuis sa création légale ; il ne se borne pas à en laize une simple description mais montre, les relations entre l'aspect tributaire de la population indigène et la société coloniale et celle des premières années de la République, afin d'aboutir à une explication du système.

On entend par organisation sociale d'un territoire donné le type de ses relations structurales, économiques, juridiques et politiques ; d'où la première partie du travail consacrée à l'éclaircissement de cette réalité pour mieux poser le problème du tribut.

Dans la deuxième partie sont présentés l’origine, le développement, les objectifs, l'évolution et les implications structurales du tribut.

Au niveau méthodologique on a utilisé comme thème central le tribut indigène et on a tenté de reconstituer autour de cette institution les étapes du processus de domination de la Colonie et du premier tiers de la période indépendante ; ceci a été fait de la façon la plus objective possible afin d'aborder le caractère de l'organisation sociale équatorienne.

Enfin on aboutit a une explication du processus d'affaiblissement du tribut qui disparait totalement au niveau de la loi sans que cela signifie que l'indigène équatorien ait été libéré de la domination des deux groupes, blanc et métis. L'histoire de l'oppression séculaire a été le point de départ de quelques transformations sociales et sera la pierre de touche d'une transformation globale des sociétés sud-américaines.
Observations de microfailles plio-quaternaires en distension le long de la côte Sud du Pérou
Authors: Lavenu Alain , Soulas J. P.
Published: November 2022

Le long de la frange littorale, entre Paracas et Camaná, nous avons observé des microfailles en extension, affectant des terrains quaternaires ou plio-quaternaires. Une étude statistique, sur diagrammes, de ces failles montre qu'il existe deux zones ou les directions des diverses familles sont différentes. Au Nord de la zone étudiée les failles sont E-W et au Sud se groupent selon deux directions : une NE-SW, l'autre SE-NW.