bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The ROI of hotel human capital investment: What’s that about…never heard of it!
Authors: Brien Anthony , Vidwans Mohini
Published: February 2025

This study investigated the relationship between hotel Human Capital Investment (HCI), employee productivity (EP) and the Return on Investment (ROI) of Human Capital (HC). When hotels invest in their HC, they should expect a return on that investment, a concept known as Return on Human Capital Investment – ROHCI.

Semi-structured interviews with general and operational hotel managers and a survey of employees sought to understand HCI, EP, and ROHCI and how these were measured and tracked. Participants were from international and domestic hotel brands in New Zealand.

This research reports hotel managers and senior hotel head office human resource directors do not understand or measure ROHCI at operational or tactical levels. These findings have not previously been considered or reported in the literature. The key message for industry practitioners and hospitality researchers is that they should work together to co-produce research that will help managers better understand ROHCI and its calculation.

Keywords:

Human Capital, Return on Investment, Hotels, New Zealand
Reseña de López Arellano (2022) El Centenario del Instituto de Ciencias en Aguascalientes (1867-1967)(vol. II)
Authors: Ramírez Hurtado Luciano
Published: February 2025

Reseña de López Arellano, M. (Coord.) (2022). El Centenario del Instituto de Ciencias en Aguascalientes (1867-1967). Su historia y trascendencia en la educación, la cultura y la sociedad (vol. II). Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes,
Cambio de uso de suelo asociado al manejo forestal sustentable en áreas de conservación: Caso Nevado de Toluca
Authors: García-Cuevas Luis Mario , Yerena-Yamallel José Israel , Cuellar-Rodríguez Luis Gerardo , Alanís-Rodríguez Eduardo , Treviño-Garza Eduardo Javier
Published: February 2025

El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar el estado de conservación de las áreas con cobertura forestal en el Área de Protección de Flora y Fauna "Nevado de Toluca". Se determinó el cambio de uso de suelo mediante imágenes LANDSAT procesadas en Google Earth Engine (2003-2023). Se generaron seis usos de suelo: Hielo/arenales, Agricultura, Pastizal, Bosque abierto, Bosque cerrado y Cuerpos de agua, (2003, 2013 y 2023). Los bosques abiertos y cerrados, al año 2023, ocupan más del 79.0%. La mayor parte en los cambios fueron positivos para el área arbolada, donde la mayor tasa de cambio anual positiva corresponde al bosque cerrado (2.0%) y la negativa al pastizal (-5.5%). Esto sostiene la afirmación de que la implementación de los planes de manejo puede contribuir a la mejora de la conservación de las áreas bajo protección.
Caracterización de mezclas a base de fermentos de leche de cabra y alimentos
Authors: Ramírez-López Carolina , Castorena-García José Hugo , Rojas-Martínez Anne Karen , Santiago-Santiago Víctor , Cano-Hernández Maribel
Published: February 2025

El objetivo de esta investigación fue formular mezclas de fermento de leche de cabra con pulpa de arándano, puré de zanahoria y carne de pollo. El fermento se obtuvo con leche de cabra y posteriormente fue mezclado con arándano, zanahoria o carne de pollo, proporción 50:50 (%v/v). Cada formulación fue evaluada microbiológicamente a los 7 y 30 días, contabilizando Unidades Formadoras en medio M17, BSM y MRS. El análisis de varianza registró diferencia significativa (p≤0.05) en los días evaluados, interacción alimento con medio de cultivo, después de 30 días aún se registraron más de 1x106 UFC mL-1 mínimo necesario para ser considerado probiótico. Las ca0072acterísticas fisicoquímicas que registraron diferencia significativa (p≤0.05) fueron el pH en carne de pollo y los oBx en arándano. Respecto al contenido de fenoles totales, no se registraron diferencias significativas (p≥0.05) en las formulaciones propuestas.
Capacidad captadora de radicales libres de compuestos fenólicos recuperados de residuos agroindutriales
Authors: Castillo-Minjarez José Miguel Ángel , Vargas-León Enaim Aída , Esperanza-Lua Yasmín , Martínez-Valdez Francisco Javier , Carrillo-Sancén Gabriela
Published: February 2025

Los residuos agroindustriales provenientes del consumo de productos primarios, representan un desafío ambiental debido a su subutilización. Particularmente, los de origen vegetal son ricos en compuestos fenólicos que pueden usarse en la formulación de alimentos funcionales. Por lo tanto, se evaluó la capacidad captadora de radicales libres de fenoles extraídos de cáscaras de manzana, mango, rastrojos de frijol y maíz, mediante extracciones con agua a dos temperaturas (25 y 90 °C) y etanol al 50%. Los extractos de mango a 90 °C, tuvieron las mayores concentraciones de fenoles (847.00±22.64 mg EAG/100 g), coincidiendo con el mayor abatimiento del radical DPPH (1532.33±9.86 EAA/100 g) y ABTS (2777.33±8.02 mg ET/100g). Estos resultados resaltan el potencial de transformación de residuos, en fuentes valiosas de compuestos bioactivos con implicaciones directas a la salud ya que, su ingesta favorece la prevención de enfermedades crónico-degenerativas, contribuyendo con esto a mejorar la gestión de este tipo residuos.
Édgar Hurtado. In memoriam
Authors: Goméz Serrano José de Jesús
Published: February 2025

Sin resumen
Identifikasi Kandungan Formalin Pada Ikan Asin Dengan Menggunakan Buah Senduduk (Melastoma malabathricum L.)
Authors: Hermansyah Oky , Sarmubella Deka , Dwi Kurnia Putri , Rose Intan Perma Sari , Rahmawati Suci
Published: February 2025

Formalin merupakan zat pengawet yang paling sering disalahgunakan dalam produk makanan, salah satunya pada ikan asin. Berdasarkan Permenkes Republik Indonesia No. 33 tahun 2012 dan PERKA BPOM No.43 Tahun 2013, formalin merupakan bahan berbahaya yang dilarang digunakan dalam bahan pangan karena dapat memberikan efek yang buruk bagi tubuh. Untuk memastikan bahwa bahan pangan terutama ikan asin terbebas dari formalin maka perlu dilakukan identifikasi salah satunya menggunakan reagen kimia, namun reagen kimia ini agak susah didapatkan oleh masarakat umum alternatifnya dapat menggunakan Bahan alam seperti buah senduduk yang memiliki kandungan zat antosianin yang cukup tinggi yaitu 38,38mg/100 gram. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penggunaan bahan alam buah senduduk dalam mengidentifikasi formalin pada ikan asin dan untuk melihat tingkat kesensitifan buah senduduk dan KMnO4 terhadap formalin. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan yaitu ekperimental dengan metode analisis kualitatif yang dilakukan perbandingan identifikasi formalin dengan buah senduduk dan KMnO4. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa buah senduduk dapat megidentifikasi kandungan formalin pada menit pertama setelah penetesan sedangkan pada pereaksi KMnO4 dapat mengidentifikasi formalin pada menit ketiga. Dari hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa buah senduduk lebih sensitif mengidentifikasi formalin pada ikan asin dibandingkan dengan pereaksi KMnO4.
Evaluasi Kasus Anemia Defisiensi Fe Pada Santri Pesantren Pre Dan Post Konsumsi Pil Tambah Darah
Authors: Indah Sari Puput Tri , Putri Yona Harianti , Martono Agus , Pertiwi Reza , Sari Rose Intan Perma , Rahmawati Reza
Published: February 2025

Anemia adalah penyakit yang sering ditemui pada masyarakat Indonesia. Prevalensi anemia pada remaja putri di Kota Bengkulu cukup tinggi yakni mencapai 43%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas pemberian tablet tambah darah terhadap kadar hemoglobin santri di pondok pesantren Darul Mustofa kabupaten Seluma. Sampel pada penelitian ini sebanyak 60 orang dengan pengambilan sampel metode purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, menggunakan alat Easy Touch GCHb (Glucose, Cholesterol, Hemoglobin) dan kuesioner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 25 santri putri, 9 diantaranya mengalami anemia namun setelah pemberian tablet tambah darah menurun menjadi hanya 3 orang. Pada santri laki-laki sebanyak 35 orang yang tidak mengalami anemia. Dari uji statistik Paired sampel t-test diperoleh hasil P value = 0001 < α (0.05), sehingga bisa disimpulkan bahwa terdapat kenaikan atau perubahan yang signifikan sebelum dan sesudah pemberian tablet tambah darah.
Análisis práctico general del sistema constitucional británico
Authors: Ocampo Arroyave Juan Camilo
Published: February 2025

objetivo de esta investigación es describir y analizar algunos aspectos básicos del sistema constitucional del Reino Unido en cuanto a instituciones y mecanismos entendidos como instrumentos de carácter constitucional esenciales para la creación de contenido jurídico, por lo que despierta la necesidad de saber cómo están compuestos y su naturaleza.
Será necesario identificar las particularidades más relevantes que están relacionadas con la estructura de cada concepto a saber cuáles son las características y propiedades principales, estructuras, definiciones, problemas, funciones y diferencias, así como los temas más importantes de la constitución y operaciones parlamentarias. En éste estudio se podrá exteriorizar algunas formas estructurales, operaciones y términos inusuales que hacen parte del sistema como las cláusulas de King Henry VIII.
El poder de las infecciones en el sitio operatorio
Authors: Aguja Fajardo Jessica Natalia , Aguilar Triviño Nikolas Felipe , Arias León Paola , Ramírez García Angie Karin
Published: February 2025

Este artículo tiene como finalidad conocer las principales causas de las infecciones en el sitio operatorio y su medida de prevención, dado que los mecanismos de riesgo pueden variar de acuerdo a su procedimiento o grado de contaminación, además se evidencia la importancia que tiene los miembros de la salud acerca de este tema, ya que forman un papel fundamental en el cumplimento de estos mecanismos, del mismo modo contribuye a la seguridad del paciente y realizan un adecuado procedimiento de asepsia y antisepsia dentro y fuera del sitio operatorio. Se aplicó una encuesta de percepción a 51 hombre y mujeres, donde se evidenció la falta de información que posee varios de los participantes acerca del tema; de tal forma que resalta el rango de edad en el que se presenta las infecciones en el sitio operatorio, obteniendo un resultado del 47,1% de respuestas correctas, de igual manera varían los resultados de preguntas como en cuantos tiempos se realizan el lavados de manos previos a una cirugía o en cual es el procedimiento que se generan un mayor riesgo de infecciones en el sitio operatorio.
El nicho del mercado como núcleo en el cumplimiento de estrategias de una empresa
Authors: Buitrago Castro Laura Valentina , Roberto Acosta Stiven David , Gutierrez Díaz Diego Alexander , Porras Vergara Derly Mallerly
Published: February 2025

El presente artículo de investigación tuvo como objetivo precisar el uso del nicho de mercado en las empresas, pues hoy en día las industrias tienen una problemática al momento de identificar el nicho de mercado que se les acomode mejor al momento de prestar un servicio o un producto, la aplicación de una investigación del mercado de una empresa es muy importante ya que se logra analizar lo que la empresa necesita. Es así que por medio de la correspondiente investigación sobre el nicho de mercado se logró determinar cuáles eran las herramientas que se deben utilizar al momento de elegir el nicho de mercado que mejor se adapte a la empresa, el análisis de diferentes estrategias y engranaje de tácticas encaminadas a los ajustes de cualquier empresa, la visualización de la forma en la que actúa la competencia, se evidencia la línea conductual escogida para realizar los diferentes procesos relacionados con la mejora de resultados en las encuestas aplicadas , evidenciar de una manera muy concreta que cada una de las personas asocia, todo lo relacionado con mercadeo, con ventas, y no se genera una profundización más amplia con respecto a el nicho de mercado o todo lo que corresponde a el trabajo que implica generar siquiera una investigación ,por lo que se demuestra la forma correcta en la que se debe aplicar en contexto determinado, apoyado de varios casos aplicados en diferentes marcas, negocios o empresas; las cuales ya tenían un proceso iniciado o querían aplicar de cero.
Efecto de las funciones ejecutivas en el rendimiento académico de niños/as con trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad: una revisión sistemática
Authors: Aravena Camila , Román Stephanie , Rossi Angélica , Sepúlveda Aurelia
Published: February 2025

INTRODUCTION. Executive functions, academic performance and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are closely related variables, since executive functions as a whole are essential for academic success, and ADHD is characterized by alterations in these. OBJECTIVE. To analyze the effect of executive functions on the academic performance of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. METHOD. The research is framed in a systematic review, ordered by the PRISMA protocol, the databases consulted were Scopus, Scielo and Web of Science, considering studies published between 2014 and 2024. RESULTS. Among the executive functions that affect academic performance are working memory and inhibition, affecting various academic areas. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. Executive functions do have an effect on the academic performance of children with ADHD. Among them, working memory and inhibition are the most influential in school performance. Limitations include the sample being restricted to a specific age range and the research being focused more on the health field than on education. Future research should address these variables in students with ADHD in Chile.
Impact of age and sex on survival outcomes in patients aged 1-45 years with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated according to the stratification used in the NOPHO ALL2008 trial
Authors: Taalas Tuomas Lahteenmaki , Oskarsson Trausti , Heyman Mats , Lund Bendik , Lepik Kristi , Vaitkevičiene Goda , Jonsson Olafur Gisli , Eriksson Julia , Toft Nina , Griškevičius Laimonas , Hallbook Helene , Palk Katrin , Wartiovaara-Kautto Ulla , Quist-Paulsen Petter , Noren-Nystrom Ulrika , Vettenranta Kim , Abrahamsson Jonas , Schmiegelow Kjeld , Lahteenmaki Paivi M
Published: February 2025

Age and sex have historically been associated with differences in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) survival. In the NOPHO ALL2008 trial, patients aged 1-45 years with BCR::ABL1-negative B-precursor and Tcell ALL were included, but neither sex nor age was integrated into risk group allocation. Among 1,771 trial patients stratified into protocol-appropriate risk groups, we estimated the impact of age and sex on survival (even after relapse) and toxicities prospectively registered at three-month intervals.
In multivariate Cox regression analysis adjusted by sex, age group, and risk group, age but not sex was an independent risk factor for reduced 5-year event-free survival (EFS), hazard ratio 1.57 (95%CI 1.15-2.14) for patients 10-17.9 years, and 2.70 (2.03-3.58) for patients 18-45 years, compared to patients
A phase II trial of azacitidine with ipilimumab, nivolumab, or ipilimumab and nivolumab in previously untreated myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Bouligny Ian M. , Montalban-Bravo Guillermo , Sasaki Koji , Daver Naval , Jabbour Elias , Alvarado Yesid , DiNardo Courtney D. , Ravandi Farhad , Borthakur Gautam , Bose Prithviraj , Pemmaraju Naveen , Kornblau Steven , Kadia Tapan , Masarova Lucia , Takahashi Koichi , Andreeff Michael , Bazinet Alexandre , Yang Hui , Kanagal-Shamanna Rashmi , Hosing Chitra , Pierce Sherry , Meyer Meghan , Huang Xuelin , Garcia-Manero Guillermo
Published: February 2025

Not available.
The Effect of Heavy Ion Irradiation on the Metabolism of Technologically and Biologically Significant Microorganisms: Biotechnological Prospects of Application
Authors:   North Ossetian State University, Vladikavkaz, Russia, Gutnov A.V. , Belov O.V. ,   Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia, Kachmazov G.S. ,   North Ossetian State University, Vladikavkaz, Russia, Magkoev T.T. ,   North Ossetian State University, Vladikavkaz, Russia, Popova N.R. ,   Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Pushchino, Russia, Pukhaeva N.E. ,   North Ossetian State University, Vladikavkaz, Russia,   Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
Published: February 2025

Purpose: To review the literature on the use of heavy ion beam mutagenesis for selecting various microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, yeast, and microalgae, for biotechnological purposes.

Material and methods: Data have been collected over the past 15 years on the metabolic effects of mutants exposed to heavy ions, biotechnologically significant microbiological objects (bacteria, fungi, algae).

Results and discussion: The biotechnological and genetic significance, as well as the morphological and other aspects of the detected changes in mutant microbiological objects, are discussed. Currently, heavy ion irradiation-induced mutagenesis with high linear energy transfer and biological efficiency is recognized as a powerful new method for creating microbial strains with previously unknown properties. We believe that targeted breeding using heavy ion mutagenesis will make a significant contribution to the development of industrial producer strains for biotechnology.

Conclusion: The studies discussed in this review indicate that the use of ion beam mutagenesis for microorganisms can be beneficial for both fundamental science and applied research.
Modernized Software for Calculation and Optimization of Absorbed Dose Distribution in a Homogeneous Medium during Radiation Therapy with Fast Neutrons
Authors:   Tomsk Regional Oncology Center, Tomsk, Russia, Vertinskiy A.V. ,   National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia, Selikhova E.A. ,   National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia, Sukhikh E.S. ,   National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia,   Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk, Russia, Velikaya V.V. ,   Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk, Russia, Gribova O.V. ,   Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk, Russia, Starceva Zh.A. ,   Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk, Russia
Published: February 2025

Purpose: To modernize software for calculation and optimization of isoeffective and absorbed dose distributions in a homogeneous media when planning fast neutron therapy for malignant tumours.

Material and Methods: The updated absorbed dose calculation system was applied to patients with two localisations, breast cancer (BC) and head and neck cancer (HNC). The study included data from 12 patients, of which 7 were patients with primary locally advanced breast cancer and 5 patients with head and neck cancer. In patients with BC, comprehensive treatment was performed. Patients with malignant tumours of the head and neck region underwent neutron and neutron-photon radiation therapy both in terms of combined treatment and as an independent type of treatment. Breast cancer was irradiated in fractionation mode with 4 fractions of 1.6 Gy each. Field docking was used. Patients diagnosed with head and neck cancer were irradiated in the mode of 3 fractions with a single dose of 2.4 Gy with the duration of the full course of treatment of 8 days. Irradiation took place on the therapeutic channel of the U-120 cyclotron located at Tomsk Polytechnic University.

Results: The planning results showed that the dose to the skin in the irradiation zone was 3.190 Gy and 3.143 Gy for beams 1 and 2, respectively. In the tumour centre, the dose was 3.253 Gy (isoeffective dose 7.980 isoGy). For critical sites (heart), the maximum doses ranged from 0.507 Gy to 1.943 Gy. ). The duration of exposure from each beam was 4 minutes and 26 seconds. For five patients with cancer in the head and neck region, planning was performed using 2 fields separated by an angle of 90 degrees (irradiation angles of 45 and 315 degrees). The fractionation regime included: 3 sessions with tumour dose 2.4 Gy, total dose 7.2 Gy per treatment course. The full course of neutron therapy was carried out in 8 days. TDF in the tumour zone was 55.4 units, with the maximum permissible value of 130 units. As a result, the dose to the skin was from 5.8 to 7.5 Gy. The dose to the tumour centre ranged from 7.1 to 7.23 Gy (taking into account RBE = 2.686 isoeffective dose ranged from 37.9 to 38.4 isoGy). Total treatment time per fraction was from 12.3 to 13.5 minutes.
Sentir naufragios: El caso del archipiélago de las Azores
Authors: Parreira Pedro
Published: February 2025

Contribución al Debate 31 de revista PH PH 115 (junio, 2025) con título: ¿Se deben abrir los yacimientos arqueológicos subacuáticos para su visita? y coordinado por Filipe Castro, del Centro de Ecología Funcional de la Universidad de Coimbra (Portugal).
Social Return On Investment (SROI) Program Tanggung Jawab Sosial Dan Lingkungan (TJSL) BUMN Tahun 2024
Authors: Ekawati Rina , Prasetyo Ari Djanuar , Suesilowati Suesilowati
Published: February 2025

The SROI Environmental Social Responsibility Program aims to measure the impact of the GBK Ecofoodcourt empowerment program. The research method used is qualitative causality. Primary data collection techniques through in-depth interviews and secondary results of program fund monetization. In general, the GBK Ecofoodcourt Development Program has enormous benefits in improving the welfare of UMKM managers and their employees. The SROI value of the GBK Ecofoodcourt Development Program reached a value of 2.75, which means it is greater than 1. The meaning of this ratio value is that the program has an optimal positive impact on the beneficiaries.
EduSearch : Web Pencarian Cerdas Berbasis Semantik untuk Mencari Data Seluruh Sekolah Formal di Kota Medan
Authors: Pulungan Annisa Fadhillah , Halimatusyaddiah Aulia , Sinaga Irene Elisabeth , Tarigan Leo Alfonso , Aini Nurul , Mazaya Said Muhammad , Umri Chairil
Published: February 2025

Dengan perkembangan teknologi informasi pada saat ini, pencarian informasi mengenai banyak hal dapat lebih mudah dan efisien. Salah satu informasi yang sering dibutuhkan adalah informasi tentang sekolah pendidikan formal yang terdapat di daerah sekitar Kota Medan. Umumnya Informasi sekolah yang dibutuhkan berdasarkan domisili pengguna yang berada di sekitar Kota Medan. Ada banyak sekolah formal yang terdapat di Kota Medan yang membuat para orang tua yang ingin menyekolahkan anaknya bingung dalam mencari informasi sekolah di sekitar domisili mereka. Sehingga perlu membuat web berbasis teknologi semantik untuk mempermudah pengguna dalam melakukan pencarian informasi pada web tersebut. Web Pencarian ini kami sebut dengan EduSearch.  Beberapa teknologi yang digunakan dalam pembuatan web semantik ini adalah SPARQL (Simple Protocol and RDF Query Language), RDF (Resource Description Framework), OWL, Open Street Map, dan Selenium Web Driver. Hasil dari pembuatan web berbasis semantik ini menghasilkan beberapa fitur yaitu fitur pencarian berdasarkan input user, fitur filter berdasarkan kecamatan, fitur filter berdasarkan jenjang pendidikan, fitur open street map, dan fitur detail sekolah. Fitur-fitur ini akan memudahkan pengguna dalam melakukan pencarian menggunakan web semantik ini dan mendapatkan informasi yang dibutuhkan pengguna. Dan berdasarkan hasil uji fungsional yang telah kami lakukan mendapatkan hasil yang baik pada fungsionalitas fitur-fitur yang kami rancang pada pencarian ini.
Operando X-ray absorption and resonant photoemission spectroscopy of transition metal oxides
Authors:   , Che Qijun
Published: February 2025

This thesis aims to critically explore the electronic properties of heterogeneous catalysts under operando conditions and superconductive nickelate thin films, combining experiments and theory in X-ray spectroscopy. Employing X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS), photoemission spectroscopy (PES), and resonant photoemission spectroscopy (RPES) probed the dynamics of spin, charge, and (co)valence in transition metal oxides (TMOs).
Chapter 1 gives an overview of the main properties of transition metal ions and their hybridization with oxygen in TMOs, as well as the fundamentals of electrocatalysis and thermocatalysis. Chapter 2 reviews core-level X-ray spectroscopy, giving insight into experimental and theoretical approaches, with a focus on the distinction between Density Functional Theory one-particle approximation and charge transfer multiplet theory. Chapter 3 investigates the covalence of LaFeO3/LaNiO3 thin films in solid-liquid system by in situ hard X-ray XAS. Chapter 4 explores the spin and oxidation state of LaMn1-xCoxO3 in solid-gas system by operando soft X-ray XAS. Chapter 5 examines the local and non-local state in TM K-edge of La2CoMnO6 nanoparticles and thin films by 1s2p RIXS. Chapter 6 highlights the dynamics of valence near-surface of La2CoMnO6 for oxygen evolution reaction using operando high energy resolution fluorescence detected XAS. Chapter 7 studies the ground state properties of recently discovered superconductive nickelate thin films by RPES guided by impurity calculations.
Confucian Meritocracy and Passive Virtues
Authors: Kim Sungmoon
Published: February 2025

Confucian meritocrats argue that moral education should not aim to make people politically active because doing so is not only inconsistent with the underlying assumptions of Confucian virtue ethics, but it is likely to make people more adversary and uncivil. According to Confucian meritocrats, moral education should aim at inculcating a particular set of virtues that are directly conducive to political meritocracy such as deference, dependence and paternalistic gratitude, or what I call ‘passive virtues’. This paper argues that unless public purposes are set clearly by the people themselves, it is impossible to know ex ante what sorts of character traits are to be considered good. The virtuous circle between active and virtuous citizenship and effective and virtuous political leadership is possible only when the regime is democratic, facilitating the extension of the self to the wider political world predicated on public purposes that bind all to one political community.
Against Virtue Politics: Han Fei Zi’s Critique of Confucian Meritocracy
Authors: Tongdong Bai
Published: February 2025

During the Warring States period of Chinese history, both Confucian and Legalist (as well as Mohist) thinkers proposed meritocracy as an ideal way of governance. Despite this apparent agreement, they differed from each other on what should be counted as merits. In this paper, I will reconstruct Han Fei Zi (a so-called Legalist thinker)’s critique of Confucian virtue-based meritocracy. In this reconstruction, we can imagine a dialogue between Han Fei Zi and a Confucian, and there are actually a few rounds of ever-deepening debates in which Han Fei Zi eventually won. Although, as it will be revealed, the Confucian that is under serious attack is of a Mencian kind (whose ideas are akin to Mencius’s), Han Fei Zi’s critique can be applied to virtue-based meritocracy in general. An adequate defence of this kind of meritocracy, then, will need to address challenges from Han Fei Zi.
Chinese Meritocracy versus Western Democracy: An Artificial Dichotomy
Authors: Chan William
Published: February 2025

Whether China should be more democratic has been a continuous debate among political theorists inside and outside of the country. Over the last decade or so, much scholarly discussion on the question surrounds the ideas of the political meritocrats, who hold that democratically elected officials should be constrained, if not replaced, by meritocratically selected officials, chosen by means of, for instance, examinations and peer recommendations. This institutional arrangement, most of them argue, is particularly suitable for the circumstances of China. The political meritocrats construct the dichotomy between democracy and political meritocracy by showing that political meritocracy is intimately connected to Chinese culture, and that democracy is in many ways Western. I argue, however, that this dichotomy is artificial and misleading. First, the ‘Chineseness’ of political meritocracy as well as ‘Westernness’ of democracy are often exaggerated by the political meritocrats. Second, the cultural considerations underpinning the Chineseness of meritocracy and Westernness of democracy are not taken as seriously by the political meritocrats’ view on the superiority of ideal meritocratic politics to non-ideal democratic politics, which renders the political meritocrats’ argument about the democracy–meritocracy dichotomy inconsistent.
Sexualidad, adolescencia y educación sexual
Authors: Balarezo-Lòpez Gunther Naldo
Published: February 2025

En la actualidad, la sexualidad sigue siendo un tema tabú y con muchos mitos a su alrededor, por lo que la educación sexual debe ser parte de la formación de todo ser humano, sobre todo en la adolescencia, dado que en esta etapa surgen muchas dudas, preguntas y cuestionamientos sobre diferentes temas. En muchos casos, la información que tienen los adolescentes de los pares, la escuela, los medios de comunicación o de internet es distorsionada. A pesar que la familia debiera ser el lugar donde se forme a los hijos sobre este tema, los padres no se sienten preparados para ello por diferentes motivos dado que no tienen los conocimientos adecuados para poder responder a las interrogantes de los hijos adolescentes.
Nanopartículas en el tratamiento de encefalopatía hipóxica isquémica neonatal
Authors: Tsenkush Chamik Etsa Robinson , Gavilanes Ramon Jennyfer Fernanda
Published: February 2025

La encefalopatía neonatal (HIE) es un síndrome clínico de disfunción neurológica, con síntomas que van desde irritabilidad leve hasta coma y convulsiones, lo que contribuye significativamente a la discapacidad global. En los países desarrollados, ocurre en 2-3 por 1000 nacimientos a término, con mayor incidencia en las regiones de ingresos bajos y medios. El tratamiento primario es la hipotermia, aunque solo mejora los resultados en el 50% de los casos. Estudios recientes se centran en opciones terapéuticas alternativas como la nanomedicina para abordar el estrés oxidativo, la insuficiencia mitocondrial, la excitotoxicidad y la apoptosis asociadas con HIE. La nanotecnología ofrece avances prometedores en los tratamientos neurológicos, incluida una mejor administración de fármacos a través de la barrera hematoencefálica y una mayor biodisponibilidad. Esta revisión explora varias terapias basadas en nanomedicina, como las nanopartículas cargadas con catalasainhibidores basados en dendrímeros y nanoformulaciones de melatonina, que muestran un potencial neuroprotector significativo en modelos animales de lesión cerebral neonatal. Estas terapias tienen como objetivo mejorar la efectividad del tratamiento para HIE, abordando las limitaciones de los tratamientos actuales y brindando enfoques para un tratamiento eficaz en el futuro a alcance de todos.
Corrupción como determinante social de la Salud Mental: Niveles y correlatos clínicos
Authors: Sarabia Silvana , Alarcón Renato D.
Published: February 2025

La corrupción es un concepto complejo que forma parte de variados campos del conocimiento, áreas de estudio einvestigación y conductas individuales, colectivas, sociales e institucionales marcadas asimismo por perspectivasfilosófico-existenciales y religioso-espirituales. El presente artículo intenta explorar esta diversidad ontológica para luegocentrarse en la corrupción como determinante social de la Salud y la Salud Mental, sus características e implicaciones enconductas de individuos y comunidades, con énfasis en asunciones y formulaciones clínicas (en tanto que síntoma,síndrome o elemento crucial de categorías nosológico-psiquiátricas, orígenes sociales y práctica burocráticoadministrativa.Su impacto en salud y enfermedad mental, interacciones con resiliencia y otros factores preceden a postulados de manejo en varios niveles y entrañan también la eventual elaboración de posibles normas preventivas.
La Violencia y sus repercusiones en la salud PRÓLOGO
Authors: Haro-Haro Daniel Enrique
Published: February 2025

La Fundación Instituto Hipólito Unanue, fundada el año 1967, por la Asociación Nacional de Laboratorios Farmacéutiticos(ALAFARPE), cumpliendo con sus fines de promover la investigación y divulgar los conocimientos de las ciencias médicas, organizó la XII Convención Regional de los Profesionales de las Ciencias de la Salud en la ciudad de Trujillo en el mes de agosto de 2024. El tema es de vital importancia debido a que la violencia en cualquiera de sus modalidades repercute en la salud de las personas.
Struktur Komunitas Spesies Katak dan Kodok Anggota Ordo Anura di Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru, Jawa Timur
Authors: Ludhfiyah Anggun , Bahri Saiful , Firdausi Nirmala
Published: February 2025

Kawasan Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru (TNBTS) memiliki wilayah yang sangat luas (50,276 ha) hingga mencakup 4 kabupaten di Provinsi Jawa Timur, sehingga masih perlu dilakukan penelitian tentang spesies katak dan kodok yang termasuk anggota ordo Anura agar memberikan kontribusi dalam menambah dan melengkapi basis data (database) yang telah terdokumentasi sebelumnya. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengukur keanekaragaman, keseragaman, dan dominansi spesies katak dan kodok anggota ordo Anura di beberapa wilayah yang masih termasuk dalam kawasan TNBTS, yaitu Resort Senduro, Blok Ireng-ireng, dan Ranu Darungan. Pengamatan dilakukan dengan metode observasi langsung menggunakan Visual Encounter Survey (VES) dikombinasikan dengan teknik jelajah pada jalur transek. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa telah ditemukan sebanyak 11 spesies katak dan kodok anggota ordo Anura di 3 zona penelitian. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman spesies di Resort Senduro termasuk kategori rendah (0,598), sedangkan di Blok Ireng-ireng dan Ranu Darungan termasuk dalam kategori sedang (1,183 dan 1,006). Indeks kemerataan spesies di 3 zona penelitian menunjukkan nilai sedang (0,863; 0,85; 0,517), nilai dominansi yang diperoleh termasuk kategori rendah (0,142; 0,027; 0,010). Disimpulkan bahwa meskipun indeks keanekaragaman spesies katak dan kodok tergolong sedang di 2 zona penelitian, juga perolehan nilai kekayaan spesies sebesar 11 spesies dari 138 individu katak dan kodok, namun keseluruhan data informasi ini memiliki arti dalam mendukung pengelolaan dan pelestarian spesies katak dan kodok anggota ordo Anura di TNBTS.
Past, present, and future in the context of queer ageing: a qualitative study with same-sex couples in Scotland
Authors: Jandric Dora
Published: February 2025

This paper explores imagined futures of same-sex couples in Scotland through the intersection of their age and queer identities, focusing on the concepts of queer time and chrononormativity. The paper draws on qualitative interview data gathered through two joint semi-structured interviews with seven same-sex couples, and written accounts that the couples produced between the interviews. The paper demonstrates how these couples belong to the future and use their actions and knowledge to construct it. The paper contributes to ageing and future studies by exploring the queer ageing experience and the intersectionality of sexual­ity and age in the construction and imagination of the future. By explor­ing the social, cultural, and personal experiences of aging among queer adults, the findings of this paper contribute to the international discourse on aging and sexuality.
Surgical approach for acute colon tumor obstruction in elderly and octogenarian patients (review)
Authors: Efron A. G. , Shchaeva S. N. , Volynets L. I.
Published: February 2025

Acute bowel obstruction is the most common complication of left colon cancer, with the age of patients with this pathology in most cases being over 75 years. The optimal surgical approach in this group of patients remains debatable. A search of scientific studies on the treatment of left-sided malignant obstruction in elderly and octogenarian patients was done in the Elibrary.ru, PubMed, and Medline databases from 2008 to 2023. To date, there is no irrefutable evidence to support whether emergency surgery or colonic stent placement is optimal treatment in terms of the morbidity, mortality and late oncological outcomes. A current solution to the problem can be temporary decompression of the bowel. The literature demonstrates advantages of diverting colostomy at the first stage in decrease in perioperative mortality, an improvement in the quality of life due to a decreased morbidity and mortality rate, good oncological.
Effects of simulated litter inputs on ecological niches and interspecific connectivity of alpine meadow plants
Authors: Lin Weishan , De Kejia , Xiang Xuemei , Feng Tingxu , Li Fei , Wei Xijie
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Plant litter enters the soil as the main nutrient for alpine meadow ecosystems, and the amount of litter input has a significant effect on alpine meadow plant diversity, ecological niches, and interspecific connectivity.

Methods

The ecological niche width, ecological niche overlap and interspecific associations of alpine meadow species in the Sanjiangyuan area of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau were investigated using ecological statistical methods, and the competitive linkages between species and limited resources within the community and the stable coexistence among populations under different levels of plant litter inputs were explored.

Results

(1) Litter inputs could significantly increase the plant diversity and aboveground biomass of alpine meadows, and the species with the highest importance value was Kobresia humilis Clarke. (2) compared with the control, with the increase of litter inputs, the ecological niche widths of the major plant species and ecological niche overlap values were significantly increased. And the F2 treatment had 15 major species totaling 105 pairs, and there were 82 pairs of ecological niche overlap values ≥0.950, accounting for 78.1%. (3) The correlation analysis between species showed that the negative correlation between species decreased and then increased with the increase of litter input. There were 3 pairs with Ac ≥ 0.25 under F2.

Discussion

A moderate amount of litter input (F2) is beneficial to the structural stability of alpine meadow ecosystems. Excessive litter inputs may break the original balance of alpine meadow ecosystems and affect plant growth strategies. This study lays a foundation for the conservation of vegetation diversity and long-term use of grassland resources in degraded alpine meadows on the Tibetan Plateau.
Using system dynamics mapping to explore synergy in an equity-focused obesity prevention framework
Authors: Headen Irene E. , Eaton Tiffany M. , Kumanyika Shiriki K.
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Addressing health inequities across chronic diseases is a critical public health objective, and policy, systems, and environmental (PSE) change approaches are integral to achieving this goal. However, assumptions about mechanisms of effect or population salience of PSE approaches do not necessarily generalize to inequitable social and economic contexts, partially due to limited ability to operationalize the dynamic complexity of such contexts. Systems thinking applications have the potential to characterize this complexity and improve understanding of where and how to intervene.

Methods

The Getting to Equity in Obesity Prevention Framework (GTE) posits a theory of change involving PSE-related considerations for achieving equity grouped into four categories with a general systems feedback structure. We used systems mapping with a case study to explore the anticipated synergy across categories of the GTE. Data were extracted from a narrative account of childhood obesity prevention initiatives in a predominantly African American and Hispanic, urban public-school district: the Philadelphia Childhood Obesity Declines Project. Project documentation described PSE strategies and contextual influences thought to have contributed to concurrently observed declines in child obesity prevalence and disparities in this population.

Results

Our final dynamic framework, which was anchored by Philadelphia's Universal Feeding Pilot for school meals, identified synergies among intervention strategies. The systems map revealed how planned and unplanned processes accumulated to align with the observed disparities reductions in the participating school district, consistent with the GTE theory of change. Community context dynamics, which evolved over time, were prominent features of the map.

Discussion

This case study enhances the utility of the GTE framework when paired with systems mapping enabled by detailed documentation of PSE initiatives and relevant contextual influences. This suggests that prospective mapping of considerations prompted by the GTE could improve anticipation of unplanned pathways, intervention design, and implementation and supports a need for greater priority for using systems mapping or other systems science tools and methodologies in obesity-prevention research and practice.
Building an intelligent diabetes Q&A system with knowledge graphs and large language models
Authors: Qin Zhenkai , Wu Dongze , Zang Zhidong , Chen Xiaolong , Zhang Hongfeng , Wong Cora Un In
Published: February 2025

Introduction

This paper introduces an intelligent question-answering system designed to deliver personalized medical information to diabetic patients. By integrating large language models with knowledge graphs, the system aims to provide more accurate and contextually relevant medical guidance, addressing the limitations of traditional healthcare systems in handling complex medical queries.

Methods

The system combines a Neo4j-based knowledge graph with the Baichuan2-13B and Qwen2.5-7B models. To enhance performance, Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) and prompt-based learning techniques are applied. These methods improve the system's semantic understanding and ability to generate high-quality responses. The system's performance is evaluated using entity recognition and intent classification tasks.

Results

The system achieves 85.91% precision in entity recognition and 88.55% precision in intent classification. The integration of a structured knowledge graph significantly improves the system's accuracy and clinical relevance, enhancing its ability to provide personalized medical responses for diabetes management.

Discussion

This study demonstrates the effectiveness of integrating large language models with structured knowledge graphs to improve medical question-answering systems. The proposed approach offers a promising framework for advancing diabetes management and other healthcare applications, providing a solid foundation for future personalized healthcare interventions.
What is improvement science, and what makes it different? An outline of the field and its frontiers
Authors: Reed Julie E. , Antonacci Grazia , Armstrong Natalie , Baker G. Ross , Crowe Sonya , Harenstam Karin Pukk , Hargreaves Dougal , Jani Yogini H. , Provost Lloyd , Rejler Martin , Savage Carl , Thor Johan , Williams Sharon , Woodcock Thomas
Published: February 2025

Improvement science has emerged as an interdisciplinary field of enquiry to provide methodological and scientific rigour to the practice and study of improvements in healthcare, and with contributions from a wide range of stakeholders and perspectives. However, compared to more well-established health-related sciences, the science of improvement remains in relative infancy. Whilst the improvement community has grown considerably, there is no existing articulation of the scope of what matters to the health and social care improvement community, and how this aligns to the enquiries of the field of improvement science. This paper aims to outline key areas of interest to the improvement community, and to propose distinguishing features of improvement science that help differentiate it from other areas of enquiry. Two over-arching research questions are identified, along with ten associated areas of enquiry which are grouped into three clusters: (1) improvement in practice, (2) aligning improvement efforts and (3) advancing the contribution of the improvement community. Four features that collectively define and distinguish the field of improvement science are proposed. The outline of the improvement landscape provides a common language for the diverse improvement community, supporting people to transcend disciplinary interests and constraints, and to consider how, collectively, we can improve health and care. Others are invited to refine and advance mapping of the improvement landscape by identifying gaps and increasing contributions from diverse perspectives.
Zoonotic threat of cystic echinococcosis in Tunisia: insights into livestock prevalence and identification of the G1 genotype
Authors: Abdelghani Mohamed Hedi , M’rad Selim , Chaâbane-Banaoues Raja , Taoufik Sayadi , Charfedine Mohamed Ali , Zemzemi Lamia , Kamoun Ines , Babba Hamouda , Oudni-M’rad Myriam
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonosis caused by the larval stage of the Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) complex. CE is globally distributed, with a particularly high prevalence in North African countries, especially Tunisia. Despite its significant public health impact and the economic burden it places on livestock production, recent data on CE prevalence in Tunisian livestock remain scarce. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of CE in livestock, investigate potential differences across host species, and identify risk factors contributing to the CE transmission dynamics.

Methods

The study was conducted in two governorates located in the North-Eastern region of Tunisia. A multidimensional approach included post-mortem inspection of slaughtered animals, fertility and viability analyses of the isolated CE cysts, and molecular genotyping of the parasite was conducted.

Results and discussion

A total of 21,487 animals were examined, 15.86% of the sheep and 9.57% of the cattle were infected with at least one CE cyst, with females showing higher prevalence rates. No CE cases were detected in goats or dromedaries. In all infected animals, the infection rate increased with the age of the host. CE cysts were predominantly found in both the liver and lung of the same animal in sheep and cattle. Aborted lesions were the most common stage of infection, and multiple CE cysts were frequently observed in affected animals. Fertile CE cysts were highly prevalent in both sheep and cattle, with rates increasing with host age, confirming the critical role of sheep in the parasite transmission cycle and demonstrating that cattle in Tunisia also play a significant role in the propagation of CE. Molecular analysis confirmed the predominance of the zoonotic G1 genotype of E. granulosus sensu stricto. This is particularly concerning as the G1 genotype is also the most common genotype affecting humans. This underscores a strong zoonotic potential and highlights the need for integrated control strategies. The findings emphasize the role of the livestock-dog cycle in CE transmission, posing risks to humans living near infected animals. Effective measures, including slaughter regulations, dog deworming, public education, and enhanced veterinary surveillance within a One Health approach, are essential for reducing CE’s impact on human and animal health.