bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Construction and validation of prognostic scoring models to risk stratify patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome‐related diffuse large B cell lymphoma
Authors: Zhao Han , Liu Rongqiu , Tao Yu , Bertero Luca , Feng Lizhi , Liu Bo , Chen Zhimin , Guan Jialong , Liao Baolin , Li Linghua , He Haolan , You Hua
Published: May 2023

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)‐related diffuse large B cell lymphoma (AR‐DLBCL) is a rare disease with a high risk of mortality. There is no specific prognostic model for patients with AR‐DLBCL. A total of 100 patients diagnosed with AR‐DLBCL were enrolled in our study. Clinical features and prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses. Central nervous system (CNS) involvement, opportunistic infection (OI) at lymphoma diagnosis, and elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were selected to construct the OS model; CNS involvement, OI at lymphoma diagnosis, elevated LDH, and over four chemotherapy cycles were selected to construct the PFS model. The area under the curve and C‐index of GZMU OS and PFS models were 0.786/0.712; 0.829/0.733, respectively. The models we constructed showed better risk stratification than International Prognostic Index (IPI), age‐adjusted IPI, and National Comprehensive Cancer Network‐IPI. Furthermore, in combined cohort, the Hosmer−Lemeshow test showed that the models were good fits (OS: p = 0.8244; PFS: p = 0.9968) and the decision curve analysis demonstrated a significantly better net benefit. The prognostic efficacy of the proposed models was validated independently and outperformed the currently available prognostic tools. These novel prognostic models will help to tackle a clinically relevant unmet need.
Utility of the social vulnerability index to risk stratify atrial fibrillation mortality outcomes
Authors: Ibrahim Ramzi , Ravi Soumiya , Habib Adam , Lee Justin Z.
Published: May 2023

Background

Multiple methods of quantifying social determinants of health exist, such as the social vulnerability index (SVI). We assess the impact of the SVI on atrial fibrillation (AF)‐related cardiovascular disease mortality.

Methods

CDC databases were used to obtain mortality and SVI information. Age‐adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) were compared among all US counties, aggregated by SVI quartiles.

Results

AAMR was not increased in counties within the highest SVI quartile, consistent across gender and geographic subgroups.

Conclusions

Increased SVI is a poor marker to predict mortality outcomes associated with AF.
CADTEP: A new daily quality‐controlled and homogenized climate database for Catalonia (1950–2021)
Authors: Prohom Marc , Domonkos Peter , Cunillera Jordi , Barrera‐Escoda Antoni , Busto Montserrat , Herrero‐Anaya Mònica , Aparicio Albert , Reynés Jaume
Published: May 2023

New daily minimum temperature (TN), maximum temperature (TX) and precipitation amount (PPT) database CADTEP (CAtalan Daily TEmperature and Precipitation data set) has been developed for Catalonia, Spain. The source dataset consists of the available climate records from Catalonia provided by the State Meteorology Agency of Spain (AEMET) and the Catalan Meteorological Service (SMC). We selected the long and fairly complete records and created further long series by merging the records of nearby stations. Finally, 26 TN, 26 TX and 72 PPT time series covering the period 1950–2021 have been accepted for CADTEP from the several hundreds of, but mostly much shorter time series. This database has sufficiently dense time series to reach accurate estimates of regional climate variability. CADTEP time series were subjected to thorough quality control and time series homogenization. In the quality control, many shorter series were still in use. Both in quality control and time series homogenization, several series surrounding Catalonia, but close to the borders, were also considered to achieve a higher data accuracy in CADTEP. The homogenization was performed with ACMANTv5.1. In this new version of ACMANT, metadata dates pointing on likely occurrences of nonclimatic changes (breaks) are contemplated in the homogenization as sure break positions. Finally, we examined the trend and variability of TN, TX and PPT over 1950–2021 using CADTEP. Differences between the use of homogenized and raw data, as well as between the inclusion and exclusion of metadata use in the homogenization procedure were controlled. The most important conclusions are related to the trend analysis, namely the speed of the warming of summer TX is faster than in other seasons, faster than the warming of TN in general, and the triple of the mean global warming speed.
Predictive model for available soil phosphorus in Enamor Ener Woreda, southern Ethiopia
Authors: Abuye Francis , Haile Mitiku , Haile Wassie
Published: May 2023

Background

Predicting soil phosphorus (P) needs and P fertilizer requirements are important for plant nutrition and reducing environmental risk. Thus, the precise estimation of available soil P (ASP) is required for the better management of environmental resources and improving agricultural productivity. Yearly, direct measurements of most nutrients at large scales are time‐consuming and expensive within the economic point of view.

Aim

Therefore, to tackle such limitations indirect measurement of them in an accurate estimating manner is a possibility.

Methods

Thus, during this study, an exponential regression model for predicting ASP was suggested, and it was estimated as a function of soil organic carbon (OC). OC and ASP were used to investigate and analyze the soil to determine empirical relationships between them. Determination of the mentioned nutrient within the laboratory is somewhat difficult and time‐consuming. Therefore, an exponential regression model for predicting ASP from soil OC was suggested, and it was estimated as a function of soil OC. The ASP predicted from the ASP‐OC model was compared to the ASP determined by laboratory test using the paired samplest‐test and the Bland–Altman approach using SPSS.

Results

The ASP predicted by the ASP‐OC model was not significantly different from the ASP determined by laboratory test since (p> 0.05).

Conclusions

The findings of the study indicated that the ASP‐OC model provides a simple, economic, and brief methodology to estimate ASP, and so to predict ASP‐supported soil OC using the exponential regression model (Y=aebX), the suggested model based on the findings for ASP is ASP = 9.786 e0.486 OCwithR2= 0.901 often suggested.
Timing and extent of glaciation since the Last Glacial Maximum in the upper Kalguty basin, Russian Altai Mountains
Authors: Deline Philip , Ravanel Ludovic , Delannoy Jean‐Jacques , Le Roy Melaine , Team Aster , Léanni Laëtitia , Cheremisin Dimitri V. , Zotkina Lydia V. , Cretin Catherine , Geneste Jean‐Michel , Plisson Hugues , Molodin Vyacheslav I.
Published: May 2023

The mountains systems of Central Asia are primary targets to study late Pleistocene climate evolution given their location at the crossroads of several atmospheric circulation systems. The timing of glacier extent during this period remains understudied, especially in the Altai Mountains. Here, we have reconstructed glacier extent during three main Late Pleistocene stadials in the upper Kalguty basin (south‐eastern Russian Altai) based on field‐based geomorphic analysis. Additionally, surface exposure dating with 10Be and 26Al at a key site was used to infer a minimum‐limiting age for the outermost well‐preserved Pleistocene frontal moraine system and to date the inception of glacier withdrawal. According to our data, around 20.6 ± 1.8 ka Kalguty Glacier was still 200 m thick at the key site, 10 km upstream of the outermost moraine, and the site was totally deglaciated shortly after 20.4 ± 0.4 ka. These results point to a rapid retreat of this low‐gradient valley glacier after its probably MIS 2 maximum which was prior to 21 ka and probably prior to 22.5 ka. Two other glacier stages have been identified upvalley, characterized by a depression of the equilibrium‐line altitude of 420 and 314 m with respect to the Little Ice Age, thus corresponding to Lateglacial advances. Our glacier reconstruction further provides a geomorphological and geochronological background to put into context archaeological findings in this area.
Influence of adaptation length on assayed metabolizable energy of maize and barley supplemented with or without glucanase for broiler chickens using the index method
Authors: Veluri Shravani , Olukosi Oluyinka A.
Published: May 2023

Background

This effect of adaptation length (AL) on the apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and nitrogen‐corrected AME (AMEn) of maize and barley supplemented with or without β‐glucanase enzyme was assessed in this study. Three experimental diets were formulated with a wheat‐soybean meal diet as a reference diet (RD) and two additional diets with maize or barley included at 300 g kg−1 into the reference diet. A total of 324 Cobb 500 broilers were used for the experiment in a 3 × 2 factorial with factors AL (10, 7, or 4 days) and enzyme (with or without) for cereal grains maize and barley. Birds on 10, 7, or 4 days AL were given experimental diets beginning at from d 11, 14, and 17 of age, respectively. Excreta were collected on d 20 and 21. The AME and AMEn of cereal grain were calculated by the difference method.

Results

There was no significant interaction between the factors for barley AME and AMEn. The AME and AMEn of maize decreased p < 0.05) step‐wise with increasing in AL from 4 to 10 days. However, when supplemented with an enzyme, the AME and AMEn of maize were similar at 4, 7, and 10 days AL. Enzyme supplementation improved (p < 0.01) AME and AMEn of barley, but there was no effect of AL on barley AME and AMEn.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the influence of AL on assayed AME in cereal grains supplemented with enzyme was more pronounced for maize and less so for barley.
Online temperature‐monitoring technology for grain storage: a three‐dimensional visualization method based on an adaptive neighborhood clustering algorithm
Authors: Li Jinpeng , Su Zhiyuan , Li Yanyu , Zhao Huiyi , Chen Xin
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND

Post‐harvest quality assurance is a crucial link between grain production and end users. It is essential to ensure that grain does not deteriorate due to heating during storage. To visualize the temperature distribution of a grain pile, the present study proposed a three‐dimensional (3D) temperature field visualization method based on an adaptive neighborhood clustering algorithm (ANCA). The ANCA‐based visualization method contains four calculation modules. First, discrete grain temperature data, obtained by sensors, are collected and interpolated using back propagation (BP) neural networks to model the temperature field. Then a new adaptive neighborhood clustering algorithm is applied to divide interpolation data into different categories by combining spatial characteristics and spatiotemporal information. Next, the Quickhull algorithm is used to compute the boundary points of each cluster. Finally, the polyhedrons determined by boundary points are rendered into different colors and are constructed in a 3D temperature model of the grain pile.

RESULTS

The experimental results show that ANCA is much better than the DBSCAN and MeanShift algorithms on compactness (around 95.7% of tested cases) and separation (approximately 91.3% of tested cases). Moreover, the ANCA‐based visualization method for grain pile temperatures has a shorter rendering time and better visual effects.

CONCLUSION

This research provides an efficient 3D visualization method that allows managers of grain depots to obtain temperature field information for bulk grain visually in real time to help them protect grain quality during storage. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
The dynamic microenvironment associated with metastatic bone disease: Current concepts
Authors: Bhale Rahul , Ghosh Paramita , Theriault Raminta , Thorpe Steven , Loots Gabriela , Randall R. Lor
Published: May 2023

Patients with bone metastases may experience debilitating pain, neurological conditions, increased risk of pathological fractures, and death. A deeper understanding of the bone microenvironment, the molecular biology of cancer types prone to metastasis, and how bone physiology promotes cancer growth, may help to uncover targeted treatment options. The purpose of this paper is to outline the current concepts relevant to topics including bone remodeling, angiogenesis, and immunomodulation as it relates to metastatic bone disease.
A prediction model to refine the timing of an early second‐look laparoscopic exploration in patients with colon cancer at high risk of early peritoneal metastasis recurrence
Authors: Fawaz Jade , Pocard Marc , Liberale Gabriel , Eveno Clarisse , Malgras Brice , Sideris Lucas , Hübner Martin , Sabbagh Charles , Sgarbura Olivia , Taibi Abdelkader , Hobeika Christian
Published: May 2023

Background

In patients at high risk of peritoneal metastasis (PM) recurrence following surgical treatment of colon cancer (CC), second‐look laparoscopic exploration (SLLE) is mandatory; however, the best timing is unknown. We created a tool to refine the timing of early SLLE in patients at high risk of PM recurrence.

Methods

This international cohort study included patients who underwent CC surgery between 2009 and 2020. All patients had PM recurrence. Factors associated with PM‐free survival (PMFS) were assessed using Cox regression. The primary endpoint was early PM recurrence defined as a PMFS of <6 months. A model (logistic regression) was fitted and corrected using bootstrap.

Results

In total, 235 patients were included. The median PMFS was 13 (IQR, 8–22) months, and 15.7% of the patients experienced an early PM recurrence. Synchronous limited PM and/or ovarian metastasis (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.50; 95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.66–3.78]; p < 0.001) were associated with a very high‐risk status requiring SLLE. T4 (HR: 1.47; 95% CI: [1.03–2.11]; p = 0.036), transverse tumor localization (HR: 0.35; 95% CI: [0.17–0.69]; p = 0.002), emergency surgery (HR: 2.06; 95% CI: [1.36–3.13]; p < 0.001), mucinous subtype (HR: 0.50; 95% CI [0.30, 0.82]; p = 0.006), microsatellite instability (HR: 2.29; 95% CI [1.06, 4.93]; p = 0.036), KRAS mutation (HR: 1.78; 95% CI: [1.24–2.55]; p = 0.002), and complete protocol of adjuvant chemotherapy (HR: 0.93; 95% CI: [0.89–0.96]; p < 0.001) were also prognostic factors for PMFS. Thus, a model was fitted (area under the curve: 0.87; 95% CI: [0.82–0.92]) for prediction, and a cutoff of 150 points was identified to classify patients at high risk of early PM recurrence.

Conclusion

Using a nomogram, eight prognostic factors were identified to select patients at high risk for early PM recurrence objectively. Patients reaching 150 points could benefit from an early SLLE.
High frequency of cutaneous eruptions within the first year after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Dambricourt Valentine , Bassompierre Adrien , Le Calve Claire , Magro Léonardo , Beauvais David , Srour Micha , Coiteux Valérie , Faiz Sarah , Catteau Benoît , Staumont‐Salle Delphine , Dezoteux Frédéric
Published: May 2023

Background

The diagnosis and management of eruptions after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is a challenge due to their atypical clinical presentation and the biology biased by immunosuppression and graft. The diagnosis is therefore based on multiple grounds. Few studies have focused on the occurrence of a skin rash during the first year of transplantation.

Objectives

To assess the frequency of rashes in this period, as well as their differential diagnosis and multidisciplinary management.

Methods

We performed a retrospective monocentric descriptive study in the Department of Blood Diseases of Lille University Hospital. All patients who received allogeneic HCT between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2019, were included.

Results

We included 196 patients with allogeneic HCT. Of these, 89 (45.4%) presented a skin rash during the first year after transplantation. Among them, 78.7% were diagnosed with acute graft versus host disease (GVHD), 6.7% chemotherapy toxicity, 4.5% chronic GVH, 2.2% of infectious origin and 1.1% drug hypersensitivity. The outcome was mainly favourable (74.2% experienced resolution). A skin biopsy was performed in 9% of cases. Viral polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) were positive in 7.1% of tested patients.

Conclusions

Our study revealed a high frequency of skin rashes in stem cell transplant patients, thus justifying the multidisciplinary management of these high‐risk patients, which require both dermatological and haematological early expert assessment.
Observational 24‐week study to assess clinical response to upadacitinib posttrial in patients with moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis
Authors: Batalla Ana , Suh‐Oh Hae Jin , Carretero Hernández Gregorio , Miquel‐Miquel Javier , Botella‐Estrada Rafael , Martorell‐Calatayud Antonio , Sanz‐Motilva Virginia , Figueras‐Nart Ignasi , Flórez Angeles
Published: May 2023

Background

The oral anti‐janus kinase 1 inhibitor upadacitinib has shown a good efficacy–safety profile in the treatment of moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis (AD) in clinical trials; however, few data from real clinical practice have been published so far.

Objectives

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of upadactinib in clinical practice.

Methods

An observational and multicentric study was conducted. Inclusion criteria consisted of patients who had previously received upadacitinib in the clinical trial M19‐850 and continued treatment with upadacitinib (15 mg or 30 mg) under daily clinical practice conditions for 12 months. Demographic data, characteristics of AD, treatment response and adverse events were recorded. Preliminary results at 24‐week follow‐up are herein presented.

Results

A total of 26 patients (61.54% males, mean age: 35.58 years) were included in the study; of these, 92.31% received upadacitinib 30 mg at baseline. At 24 weeks, mean values of Eczema Area and Severity Index and body surface area were 2.26 and 2.37%, respectively, 82.35% of the patients reached the Investigator's Global Assessment 0/1 and the mean value of peak pruritus numerical rating scale was 1.74. Adverse events were present in 19.23% of the cases, causing one definitive treatment interruption (due to herpes zoster) and two temporary treatment discontinuations (due to temporary elevation of creatine kinase).

Conclusions

These data support the maintenance of the efficacy of upadacitinib at 24‐week posttrial follow‐up, with no unexpected safety concerns. More real‐world data are needed to confirm these results.
Applications of Polydopamine in Implant Surface Modification
Authors: Ma Ting , Wang Chen‐Xi , Ge Xi‐Yuan , Zhang Yu
Published: May 2023

There is great clinical demand for orthopedic and dental implant surface modification methods to prevent osseointegration failure and improve implant biological functions. Notably, dopamine (DA) can be polymerized to form polydopamine (PDA), which is similar to the adhesive proteins secreted by mussels, to form a stable bond between the bone surface and implants. Therefore, PDA has the potential to be used as an implant surface modification material with good hydrophilicity, roughness, morphology, mechanical strength, biocompatibility, antibacterial activity, cellular adhesion, and osteogenesis. In addition, PDA degradation releases DA into the surrounding microenvironment, which is found to play an important role in regulating DA receptors on both osteoblasts and osteoclasts during the bone remodeling process. Furthermore, the adhesion properties of PDA suggest its use as an intermediate layer in assisting other functional bone remodeling materials, such as nanoparticles, growth factors, peptides, and hydrogels, to form “dual modifications.” The purpose of this review is to summarize the recent progress in research on PDA and its derivatives as orthopedic and dental implant surface modification materials and to analyze the multiple functions of PDA.
Development of Piezoelectric Elastomers and Their Applications in Soft Devices
Authors: Wen Jie , Wu Wenqiang , Xie Zhengtian , Wu Jinrong
Published: May 2023

Piezoelectric materials have wide‐ranging applications owing to their capacity to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy in daily life scenarios. With rapid development in fields such as wearable electronics, intelligent electronic products, and medical equipment, the requirement for the elasticity of piezoelectric materials has become increasingly stringent. However, combining high piezoelectric performance with high elasticity in most conventional piezoelectric materials is challenging, limiting the application of piezoelectric elastomers in complex scenarios. Recently, several piezoelectric elastomer materials with good flexibility, high elasticity, and easy processing ability have been reported, and their applications in soft devices have rapidly developed. In this review, the current state of piezoelectric elastomers and their applications are systematically reviewed. Additionally, an overview of trends in the development of piezoelectric elastomer materials is given, providing a reference for future research in this field.
Calabi–Yau threefolds with non‐Gorenstein involutions
Authors: Lee Nam‐Hoon
Published: May 2023

The concept of non‐Gorenstein involutions on Calabi–Yau threefolds is a higher dimensional generalization of non‐symplectic involutions on K3 surfaces. We present some elementary facts about Calabi–Yau threefolds with non‐Gorenstein involutions. We give a classification of the Calabi–Yau threefolds of Picard rank one with non‐Gorenstein involutions, whose fixed locus is not zero‐dimensional.
Non‐existence of global solution for a nonlinear integro‐differential inequality
Authors: Javed Sehrish , Kirane Mokhtar , Malik Salman A.
Published: May 2023

Nonlinear integro‐differential inequalities involving two arbitrary kernels are considered. Our results generalize some previous cases. The result about non‐existence of global solution in time has been proved. Our method of proof is based on the weak formulation of the problem.
A compressed sensing‐based diagnosis method for impaired subarrayed antenna arrays
Authors: Bai Guo , Zhong Xuanming , He Xinye , Liao Cheng
Published: May 2023

A novel diagnosis method for impaired subarrayed antenna arrays is proposed in this letter. The proposed method can be applied to the diagnosis of both impaired subarrays and failed elements by analyzing the impairment circumstances and using the compressing sensing‐based method. The accuracy of the diagnosis results is greatly improved through an iterative reweighted ‐norm method with the matrix techniques, even if there are many failed elements in each impaired subarrays. The analysis of numerical examples, including the diagnoisis of linear arrays and planar arrays, and the comparison with the state‐of‐the‐art diagnosis techniques show the superiority of the proposed method for the application of diagnosis of impaired subarrayed arrays.
Is family social exclusion associated with child motor and socioemotional development delay? A cross‐sectional exploratory study
Authors: Ramos De Oliveira Clariana Vitória , Palombo Cláudia Nery Teixeira , Jeong Joshua , Cordero Katherine Maria Solís , Fujimori Elizabeth
Published: May 2023

Aim

The objective was to identify if family social exclusion is associated with child motor and social development delay in Southeastern Brazil.

Design

A cross‐sectional study was conducted using data from a sample of 348 children under 3 years, proportional to the number of children registered in the primary care centres of the municipality.

Methods

Child development was measured using the “Developmental Surveillance Instrument” which was developed by the Ministry of Health in Brazil and is used for public health nurses and clinicians in their practice. An index was used to evaluate social exclusion.

Results

The prevalence of child motor and socioemotional developmental delay was 27.6% and 17.2%, respectively. Children in the most social excluded group were more likely to have delayed motor development (OR = 3.4; 95% CI = 1.14; 10.55) and socioemotional developmental delay (OR = 3.9; 95% CI = 1.05; 9.02) than children in the least social excluded group.
Proatherogenic changes in lipoprotein particles associated with a high triglyceride to high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio in youths
Authors: Chiriacò Martina , Nesti Lorenzo , Natali Andrea , Santoro Nicola , Caprio Sonia , Tricò Domenico
Published: May 2023

Objective

A high triglyceride (TG) to high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) ratio (TG/HDL) predicts atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. This study examined whether a proatherogenic distribution of plasma lipoprotein subclasses is associated with a high TG/HDL ratio in youths with obesity.

Methods

Lipoprotein particle concentration and size were measured by proton nuclear magnetic resonance in a multiethnic cohort of 592 adolescents with overweight/obesity (age 13 ± 3 years, 58% females, BMI z score 2.1 ± 0.8) who were phenotyped with a 3‐hour oral glucose tolerance test and abdominal magnetic resonance imaging.

Results

The highest TG/HDL quartile showed a higher particle concentration of very low‐density lipoprotein (VLDL; +178%, p < 0.0001), intermediate‐density lipoprotein (+338%, p < 0.0001), and low‐density lipoprotein (LDL; +42%, p < 0.0001), compared with the lowest quartile. The prevalence of large VLDL, very small LDL, and small HDL progressively increased across TG/HDL quartiles. The TG/HDL ratio correlated positively with the average particle size of VLDL (r = 0.37, p < 0.0001) and negatively with particle size of both LDL (r = −0.51, p < 0.0001) and HDL (r = −0.69, p < 0.0001). These associations were independent of sex, age, race/ethnicity, body mass, fasting plasma glucose, and insulin sensitivity.

Conclusions

In youths with obesity, an elevated TG/HDL ratio is associated with high concentrations of proatherogenic lipoprotein subclasses. This phenotype may explain the increased cardiovascular risk associated with a high TG/HDL ratio.
Antibody‐Functionalized Copper Oxide Nanoparticles with Targeted Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Ontiveros‐Robles Jorge A. , Villanueva‐Flores Francisca , Juarez‐Moreno Karla , Simakov Andrey , Vazquez‐Duhalt Rafael
Published: May 2023

Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO‐NPs) were functionalized with specific antibodies to target their antibacterial activity against Gram‐positive or Gram‐negative bacteria. The CuO‐NPs were covalently functionalized to cover their surface with specific antibodies. The differently prepared CuO‐NPs were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. The antibacterial activities of the unmodified CuO‐NPs and the antibody‐functionalized nanoparticles (CuO‐NP‐AbGram−and CuO‐NP‐AbGram+) were determined for both Gram‐negativeEscherichia coliand Gram‐positiveBacillus subtilisbacteria. The antibody‐functionalized NPs showed a differential increase of their antibacterial activity according to the specific antibody. The CuO‐NP‐AbGram−inE. colishowed reduced half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values when compared with unfunctionalized CuO‐NPs. On the other hand, the CuO‐NP‐AbGram+also showed reduced IC50and MIC values inB. subtilis, when compared with non‐functionalized CuO‐NPs. Thus, the functionalized CuO nanoparticles with specific antibodies showed enhanced specificity of their antibacterial activity. The advantages of “smart” antibiotic nanoparticles are discussed.
The road to integrate climate change projections with regional land‐use–biodiversity models
Authors: Cabral Juliano Sarmento , Mendoza‐Ponce Alma , da Silva André Pinto , Oberpriller Johannes , Mimet Anne , Kieslinger Julia , Berger Thomas , Blechschmidt Jana , Brönner Maximilian , Classen Alice , Fallert Stefan , Hartig Florian , Hof Christian , Hoffmann Markus , Knoke Thomas , Krause Andreas , Lewerentz Anne , Pohle Perdita , Raeder Uta , Rammig Anja , Redlich Sarah , Rubanschi Sven , Stetter Christian , Weisser Wolfgang , Vedder Daniel , Verburg Peter H. , Zurell Damaris
Published: May 2023

Current approaches to project spatial biodiversity responses to climate change mainly focus on the direct effects of climate on species while regarding land use and land cover as constant or prescribed by global land‐use scenarios. However, local land‐use decisions are often affected by climate change and biodiversity on top of socioeconomic and policy drivers. To realistically understand and predict climate impacts on biodiversity, it is, therefore, necessary to integrate both direct and indirect effects (via climate‐driven land‐use change) of climate change on biodiversity.

In this perspective paper, we outline how biodiversity models could be better integrated with regional, climate‐driven land‐use models. We initially provide a short, non‐exhaustive review of empirical and modelling approaches to land‐use and land‐cover change (LU) and biodiversity (BD) change at regional scales, which forms the base for our perspective about improved integration of LU and BD models. We consider a diversity of approaches, with a special emphasis on mechanistic models. We also look at current levels of integration and at model properties, such as scales, inputs and outputs, to further identify integration challenges and opportunities.

We find that LU integration in BD models is more frequent than the other way around and has been achieved at different levels: from overlapping predictions to simultaneously coupled simulations (i.e. bidirectional effects). Of the integrated LU‐BD socio‐ecological models, some studies included climate change effects on LU, but the relative contribution of direct vs. indirect effects of climate change on BD remains a key research challenge.

Important research avenues include concerted efforts in harmonizing spatial and temporal resolution, disentangling direct and indirect effects of climate change on biodiversity, explicitly accounting for bidirectional feedbacks, and ultimately feeding socio‐ecological systems back into climate predictions. These avenues can be navigated by matching models, plugins for format and resolution conversion, and increasing the land‐use forecast horizon with adequate uncertainty. Recent developments of coupled models show that such integration is achievable and can lead to novel insights into climate–land use–biodiversity relations.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Integrating intracellular and extracellular proteomic profiling for in‐depth investigations of cellular communication in a model of prostate cancer
Authors: Miles Hannah N. , Tomlin Devin , Ricke William A. , Li Lingjun
Published: May 2023

Cellular communication is essential for cell‐cell interactions, maintaining homeostasis and progression of certain disease states. While many studies examine extracellular proteins, the holistic extracellular proteome is often left uncaptured, leaving gaps in our understanding of how all extracellular proteins may impact communication and interaction. We used a cellular‐based proteomics approach to more holistically profile both the intracellular and extracellular proteome of prostate cancer. Our workflow was generated in such a manner that multiple experimental conditions can be observed with the opportunity for high throughput integration. Additionally, this workflow is not limited to a proteomic aspect, as metabolomic and lipidomic studies can be integrated for a multi‐omics workflow. Our analysis showed coverage of over 8000 proteins while also garnering insights into cellular communication in the context of prostate cancer development and progression. Identified proteins covered a variety of cellular processes and pathways, allowing for the investigation of multiple aspects into cellular biology. This workflow demonstrates advantages for integrating intra‐ and extracellular proteomic analyses as well as potential for multi‐omics researchers. This approach possesses great value for future investigations into the systems biology aspects of disease development and progression.
Effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions among persons with cancer: A systematic review
Authors: Yingst Jessica M. , Carrillo Matthew , Chan Kimberly H. , Choi Karen , Dao Joseph , Kulkarni Pallavi , Bordner Candace , Goyal Neerav , Foulds Jonathan , Bascom Rebecca
Published: May 2023

Objectives

Continued smoking after cancer diagnosis is associated with worse outcomes, however, many persons diagnosed with cancer who smoke are unable to quit successfully. Effective interventions are needed to promote quitting in this population. The purpose of this systematic review is to understand the most effective interventions for smoking cessation among persons with cancer and to identify gaps in knowledge and methodology to suggest directions for future research.

Methods

Three electronic databases (The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled trials, MEDLINE, and EMBASE) were searched for studies of smoking cessation interventions among persons with cancer, published up to 1 July 2021. Title and abstract screening, full‐text review, and data extraction was completed by two independent reviewers, via Covalence software, with any discordance resolved by a third reviewer. A quality assessment was completed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool Version 2.

Results

Thirty‐six articles were included in the review, including 17 randomized‐controlled trials (RCTs) and 19 non‐RCT studies. Of the 36 studies, 28 (77.8%) utilized an intervention that included both counseling and medication, with 24 (85.7%) providing medication to participants at no cost. Abstinence rates in the RCT intervention groups (n = 17) ranged from 5.2% to 75%, while the non‐RCTs found abstinence rates ranging from 15% to 46%. Overall, studies met a mean of 2.28 out of seven quality items, ranging from 0 to 6.

Conclusions

Our study highlights the importance of utilizing intensive combined behavioral and pharmacological interventions for persons with cancer. While combined therapy interventions seem to be the most effective, more research is needed, as current studies have several quality issues, including the lack of biochemical verification for abstinence.
Efforts toward the first total synthesis of a mixed‐ligand siderophore: Gobichelin‐A
Authors: Shankar Bhookya , Venkatesh Bhumireddy Chinnachennaiahgari , Sridhar Perali Ramu
Published: May 2023

The synthesis of Gobichelin‐A, a naturally occurring mixed‐ligand siderophore isolated from Streptomyces sp. NRRL F‐4415, is described. The target molecule was planned to be synthesized by a convergent process involving the combination of two halves, Gob‐A 1st half and Gob‐A 2nd half, at the prefinal stage of the synthetic route. By adopting this method, fully protected Gobichelin‐A was synthesized in excellent yield.
Self‐Powered UV Photodetector Utilizing Plasmonic Hot Carriers in 2D α‐MoO3/Ir/Si Schottky Heterojunction Devices
Authors: Basyooni Mohamed A. , Zaki Shrouk E. , Tihtih Mohammed , Boukhoubza Issam , En-nadir Redouane , Derkaoui Issam , Attia Gamal F. , Ateş Şule , Eker Yasin Ramazan
Published: May 2023

Self‐powered UV sensing has enormous potential in military and civilian applications. However, achieving high responsivity and fast response/recovery time presents significant challenges. Self‐powered photodetectors (PDs) have several advantages over traditional PDs, including higher sensitivity, lower power consumption, and simpler design. This study introduces a breakthrough self‐powered PD that uses a Schottky junction of 2D α‐MoO3/iridium (Ir)/Si ultrathin film to detect 365 nm light at 0 V bias through using atomic layer deposition (ALD) and sputtering systems. The PD response is enhanced by plasmonic Ir‐induced hot carriers, enabling detection in a mere 0.1 ms. Incorporating a 4 nm Ir layer boosts the responsivity from 0 to 34 A W−1, and the external quantum efficiency is elevated from 0 to 7E11 under 365 nm light illumination. It also has a high ION/IOFF ratio of 11.22E4 at 0 V. These results make the MoO3/4 nm Ir/Si structure an interesting option for self‐powered PDs with high efficiency, and the use of a simple ALD system for large‐scale fabrication of 2D α‐MoO3 on hot carrier Ir plasmonic layer. The findings of this research hold tremendous promise in the field of UV sensing and can lead to exciting developments in military and civilian technology.
Variable radiographic and histologic presentations of amiodarone‐related interstitial lung disease and the importance of avoiding re‐exposure
Authors: Tsai I‐Lin , Huang Li‐Ting , Yu Yu‐Ting , Lee Chung‐Ta , Huang Tang‐Hsiu
Published: May 2023

Amiodarone is a commonly used antiarrhythmic agent but exhibits potential pulmonary toxicity. In this case series, we describe the clinical, radiographic, and histologic manifestations of three patients who developed interstitial lung disease (ILD) following amiodarone treatment for variable lengths of time with different dosages. The presentations on computed tomographic images and in pulmonary pathology differed among the three patients. All three had immediate discontinuation of amiodarone and received treatment with systemic corticosteroids. One patient eventually died from ventilator‐associated pneumonia after an initial improvement. The other two patients recovered well but later experienced ILD recurrence following brief re‐exposure to amiodarone. Through this case series, we aim to demonstrate the variable features of amiodarone‐related ILD, and highlight the importance of timely amiodarone cessation and avoiding re‐exposure to prevent the progression and recurrence of ILD.
The vulnerability and resilience of seagrass ecosystems to marine heatwaves in New Zealand: a remote sensing analysis of seascape metrics usingPlanetScopeimagery
Authors: Clemente Ken Joseph E. , Thomsen Mads S. , Zimmerman Richard C.
Published: May 2023

Seagrasses are foundation species that provide ecosystem functions and services, including increased biodiversity, sediment retention, carbon sequestration, and fish nursery habitat. However, anthropogenic stressors that reduce water quality, impose large‐scale climate changes, and amplify weather patterns, such as marine heatwaves, are altering seagrass meadow configurations. Quantifying large‐scale trends in seagrass distributions will help evaluate the impacts of climate drivers on their functions and services. Here, we quantified spatiotemporal dynamics in abundances and configurations of intertidal and shallow subtidal seagrass (Zostera muelleri) meadows in 20 New Zealand (NZ) estuaries that span a 5‐year period (mid/late 2016–early 2022) just before, during and after the Tasman Sea 2017/18 marine heatwave, the warmest summer ever recorded in NZ. We used high‐resolution PlanetScope satellite imagery to map interseasonal seagrass extent and quantify seascape metrics across 20 estuaries along a latitudinal gradient spanning 12° in NZ. We also explored the association of changes in seagrass metrics with satellite‐derived predictors such as sea surface temperature (SST), SST anomaly (SSTa), water column turbidity, and nutrient concentration. Our analyses revealed that NZ seagrass meadows varied in areal extent between years and seasons, but with no clear patterns over the 5‐year period, implying resilience to large‐scale stressors like the 2017/18 marine heatwave. Small‐scale patterns were also dynamic, for example, patch sizes and patch configurations differed across estuaries, seasons, and years. Furthermore, seagrass patches expanded in some estuaries with increasing SST and SSTa. These results highlight dynamic seagrass patterns that likely affect local processes such as biodiversity and carbon sequestration. Our analyses demonstrate that a combination of high‐resolution satellite remote sensing and seascape metrics is an efficient and novel approach to detect impacts from anthropogenic stressors, like eutrophication and climate changes, and climate extremes like cyclones and heatwaves.
Sunlight‐Induced Degradation of Dissolved Ethyl‐Parathion and Coupled Molecular Toxicity Investigation
Authors: Amar Saroj K. , Styles Renee M. , Karna Ranju , Chappell Mark A. , Gust Kurt A.
Published: May 2023

Ethyl‐parathion (EP) is a globally‐distributed organophosphorus (OP) pesticide where environmental release is a standard use case. The present study sought to determine if sunlight degraded EP and if the degraded products were toxic to biological molecules in cell‐free assays. A 24 mg/L solution of EP (water solubility limit) was exposed to direct sunlight for 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 hrs where as much as 64.6 % of EP was degraded relative to the 0 hr sunlight exposure. Singlet oxygen formation (1O2) increased by 15.9, 20.6, 29.8, and 64.4 % in the 1, 2, 3 and 4 hr sunlight exposures, respectively. Ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography further confirmed the sunlight‐induced transformation of EP and the increased 1O2 formation through time, likely via a type‐II photochemical mechanism. The degradation of DNA nucleotides (8‐hydroxy 2‐deoxyguanosine), the formation of superoxide anion radical (O2.‐) which was validated by significant O2.– quenching by superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidation of membrane lipid (linoleic acid), increased significantly in sunlight exposures, however the presence of EP at 24 mg/L had no significant influence on this effect. Overall, sunlight quickly degraded EP in solution, however the sunlight‐irradiated EP caused no discernable toxic effects in cell‐free assays relative to sunlight alone.
Metal‐Free Oxidative Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling of Alkenes with Thiophenols
Authors: Li Chunsheng , Liao Mingjian , He Zhiquan , Chen Yunbing , Mai Jingna , Dong Rui , Chen Junhua , Chen Lianfen
Published: May 2023

A novel transition‐metal‐free regioselective allylic C−H thiolation of alkenes has been achieved by cross‐dehydrogenative coupling strategy. The present protocol realizes efficient and highly regio‐ and stereo‐selective functionalization of allylic C−H bonds under metal‐free conditions, leading to a series of allylic thioethers in good to excellent yields. Moreover, this work features mild reaction conditions, high step‐ and atom‐economy and good functional group tolerance.
Removal of Norfloxacin from Wastewater by Adsorption onto SnS2 Followed by Photocatalytic Degradation**
Authors: Kar Sayani , Pal Tanusri , Ghosh Surajit
Published: May 2023

Antibiotic remainders found in the river water of many countries have been a significant threat to the environment and human health. Herein, the removal of the Norfloxacin antibiotic from the aqueous medium has been reported. We successfully synthesized SnS2 nanoplates and studied the removal of Norfloxacin aqueous medium by adsorption followed by a photocatalysis process using SnS2. The presence of pores on the SnS2 surface and excellent photo‐induced charge generation ability under solar light illumination makes it a potential material for the degradation of Norfloxacin from an aqueous medium. 80 % of Norfloxacin was degraded in 130 minutes, out of which 36.7 % was removed in 20 min by the adsorption process and the rest was degraded in 110 min photo catalytically. The scavenger experiments were also performed to determine the reactive species responsible for the photodegradation. The results identified that the holes dominate the photodegradation of Norfloxacin by SnS2 in the aqueous medium. Our study has established SnS2 as a promising material for the removal of water pollutants, which may be a pathway to protect the environment from antibiotic pollution in river water.
Boost of Gas Adsorption Kinetics of Covalent Organic Frameworks via Ionic Liquid Solution Process
Authors: Fu Jie , Liu Jia‐Ying , Zhang Guo‐Hao , Zhu Qiu‐Hong , Wang Shuang‐Long , Qin Song , He Ling , Tao Guo‐Hong
Published: May 2023

Adsorption, storage, and conversion of gases (e.g., carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and iodine) are the three critical topics in the field of clean energy and environmental mediation. Exploring new methods to prepare high‐performance materials to improve gas adsorption is one of the most concerning topics in recent years. In this work, an ionic liquid solution process (ILSP), which can greatly improve the adsorption kinetic performance of covalent organic framework (COF) materials for gaseous iodine, is explored. Anionic COF TpPaSO3H is modified by amino‐triazolium cation through the ILSP method, which successfully makes the iodine adsorption kinetic performance (K80% rate) of ionic liquid (IL) modified COF AC4tirmTpPaSO3 quintuple compared with the original COF. A series of experimental characterization and theoretical calculation results show that the improvement of adsorption kinetics is benefited from the increased weak interaction between the COF and iodine, due to the local charge separation of the COF skeleton caused by the substitution of protons by the bulky cations of ILs. This ILSP strategy has competitive help for COF materials in the field of gas adsorption, separation, or conversion, and is expected to expand and improve the application of COF materials in energy and environmental science.
Optical Binding‐Driven Micropatterning and Photosculpting with Silver Nanorods
Authors: Gonzalez‐Garcia M. Carmen , Garcia‐Fernandez Emilio , Hueso Jose L. , Paulo Pedro M. R. , Orte Angel
Published: May 2023

Controlling the nano‐ and micropatterning of metal structures is an important requirement for various technological applications in photonics and biosensing. This work presents a method for controllably creating silver micropatterns by laser‐induced photosculpting. Photosculpting is driven by plasmonic interactions between pulsed laser radiation and silver nanorods (AgNRs) in aqueous suspension; this process leads to optical binding forces transporting the AgNRs in the surroundings, while electronic thermalization results in photooxidation, melting, and ripening of the AgNRs into well‐defined 3D structures. This work call these structures Airy castles due to their structural similarity with a diffraction‐limited Airy disk. The photosculpted Airy castles contain emissive Ag nanoclusters, allowing for the visualization and examination of the aggregation process using luminescence microscopy. This work comprehensively examines the factors that define the photosculpting process, namely, the concentration and shape of the AgNRs, as well as the energy, power, and repetition rate of the laser. Finally, this work investigates the potential applications by measuring the metal‐enhanced luminescence of a europium‐based luminophore using Airy castles.
Intrinsically Stretchable Fiber‐Shaped Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Lv Dan , Jiang Qianqing , Liu Dianyi
Published: May 2023

Fiber‐shaped organic solar cells (FOSCs) with superior mechanical stretchability are strong candidates for portable and wearable electronic power supplies. The high flexibility and stretchability enable the device stably to fit the body and avoid performance loss when the device deforms with irregular body movements. The reported FOSCs with the metal wire–based core electrode already exhibit the ideal flexibility; however, due to lacking stretchable fiber electrodes, the FOSCs with the merit of intrinsic stretchability are rarely reported. Herein, the intrinsically stretchable fiber electrode is demonstrated with robust stretchability and high conductivity for stretchable FOSCs. With the stretchable core electrode, the fabricated FOSCs show superior intrinsic stretchability, remaining more than 90% of the initial efficiency under the stretch strain within 30%. When the stretch strain is released, the device can almost regain 100% of its initial performance. The device's performance maintains stable and even undergoes hundreds of stretching–releasing cycles. Herein, the excellent application potential of intrinsically stretchable FOSCs in wearable electronics is exhibited.