bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Endocrine disruption of early uterine differentiation causes adenocarcinoma mediated by Wnt/β-catenin- and PI3K/AKT signaling
Authors: Padilla-Banks Elizabeth , Jefferson Wendy N. , Papas Brian N. , Suen Alisa A. , Xu Xin , Carreon Diana V. , Willson Cynthia J. , Quist Erin M. , Williams Carmen J.
Published: November 2022

Developmental exposure to non-mutagenic environmental factors can contribute to cancer risk, but the underlying mechanisms are not understood. We used a mouse model of endometrial adenocarcinoma that results from brief developmental exposure to an estrogenic chemical, diethylstilbestrol (DES), to determine causative factors. Single cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics of adult uteri revealed new markers of uterine epithelial stem cells, identified luminal and glandular progenitor cells, and defined a glandular epithelial differentiation trajectory. Neonatal DES exposure disrupted uterine epithelial differentiation, resulting in widespread activation of Wnt signaling and a failure to generate epithelial stem cells or distinguishable glandular and luminal epithelial cells. The endometrial stromal cells activated inflammatory signals and oxidative stress. Together, these changes activated PI3K/AKT signaling to drive malignant transformation. These findings explain how human cancers, which are often associated with abnormal activation of PI3K/AKT signaling, could result from exposure to environmental insults during development.

Highlights

Single cell analysis of adult mouse uteri reveals epithelial stem cell markers and gland development trajectory

Developmental DES exposure causes widespread activation of Wnt signaling and failure of epithelial cell differentiation

Uterine adenocarcinoma results from combined Wnt/β-catenin activation, stromal inflammation, and induction of PI3K/AKT signaling

OLFM4 is a marker of developmental DES-induced uterine adenocarcinoma
Barriers and enablers to blood culture sampling: a systematic review and theoretical domains framework survey in Indonesia, Thailand and Vietnam
Authors: Suntornsut Pornpan , Asadinia Koe Stella , Limato Ralalicia , Tamara Alice , Rotty Linda W.A. , Bramanti Rendra , Nusantara Dwi U. , Nelwan Erni J. , Khusuwan Suwimon , Suphamongkholchaikul Watthanapong , Chamnan Parinya , Piyaphanee Watcharapong , Huong Vu Thi Lan , Yen Nguyen Hai , Hong Khanh Nguyen , Thach Pham Ngoc , Quang Le Minh , Vinh Vu Hai , Duc Chau Minh , Em Vo Thi Hoang Dung , Harriss Elinor , Doorn H Rogier van , Hamers Raph L. , Lorencatto Fabiana , Atkins Lou , Limmathurotsakul Direk
Published: November 2022

Background

Blood culture (BC) sampling is recommended for all suspected sepsis patients prior to antibiotic administration. Here, we aimed to identify barriers and enablers to BC sampling in three Southeast Asian countries.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review of studies evaluating barriers/enablers to BC sampling from 1900 to 2020 globally (PROSPERO, CRD42020206557). Using the findings of the systematic review, we developed and conducted a Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF)-based survey with a case scenario question among doctors and final-year medical students in Indonesia, Thailand and Vietnam.

Findings

In the systematic review, we identified 6,175 unique records from the databases, of which 25 met the eligibility criteria. Studies were conducted in 37 high-income countries (HICs) and 41 low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). Of 14 TDF domains, three and seven were not assessed in HICs and LMICs by the studies included in the systematic review, respectively. 1,070 medical doctors and 238 final-year medical students completed the survey. The proportion of respondents who would definitely take BC in the case scenario was 89.8% for Thai, 50.5% for Vietnamese and 31.3% for Indonesians (p<0.001). Eight TDF domains were considered key in influencing BC sampling, including ‘no awareness of guideline [TDF-knowledge]’, ‘low priority of BC [TDF-goals]’, ‘no intention to follow guidelines [TDF-intention]’, ‘level of doctors who can order or initiate an order for BC [TDF-social professional role and identity]’, ‘no norms of BC sampling [TDF-social influence]’, ‘perceived cost-effectiveness of BC [TDF-environmental context and resources]’, ‘regulation on cost reimbursement [TDF-behavioural regulation]’ and ‘consequences that discourage BC sampling [TDF-reinforcement].’ However, there was substantial heterogeneity between the countries across most domains.

Conclusions

Evidence on barriers and enablers to BC sampling is limited globally. We identified individual, socio-cultural and environmental barriers/enablers to BC sampling across different countries, which represent potential targets for interventions. Context-specific multifaceted interventions at both hospital and policy levels are required to improve diagnostic stewardship practices.

Funding

Wellcome Trust, UK (220557/Z/20/Z).
Methodological insights: interview quotations in accounting research
Authors: Brennan Niamh M.
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Unlike quantitative studies, interview data generally cannot be validated; yet, they are typically the only evidence of the research. This study develops protocols for using verbatim interview quotations in research and for assessing the quality of interview quotations.

Design/methodology/approach

This research reviews 20 empirical papers using in-depth interviews containing 600 interview quotations to examine authors' approaches to verbatim interviewee quotations. The research analyses the sample papers for interview transcript handling, selection of quotations, the number and length of interview quotations, how they are placed and presented, the proportion of interviewee voices reproduced in quotations and the disclosure of protocols for translating and editing quotations. This paper includes illustrative interview quotations as exemplars of best practice.

Findings

Given the modest discussion of the principles influencing the reproduction of quotations in research, this study develops a framework for evaluating prior research. Researchers use a wide variety of practices to reproduce interview quotations in accounting research. The issues derived from this review, and their application to interview-based papers, frame an argument for a general set of quality criteria and protocols rather than rigid rules for assessing qualitative work. These criteria can serve as anchor points for qualitative evaluation.

Originality/value

There is little guidance on the use of interview quotations in qualitative research which this study bridges.
Similarities and differences between absorptive capacity and appropriability: a bibliometric perspective
Authors: Cuéllar Sergio David , Fernandez-Bajón Maria Teresa , Moya-Anegón Felix de
Published: November 2022

Purpose

This study aimed to examine the similarities and differences between the ability to analyze the environment and exploit new knowledge (absorptive capacity) and the skills to generate value from innovation (appropriation). These fields have similar origins and are sometimes confused by practitioners and academics.

Design/methodology/approach

A review was conducted based on a full-text analysis of 681 and 431 papers on appropriation and absorptive capacity, respectively, from Scopus, Science Direct and Lens, using methodologies such as text mining, backward citation analysis, modularity clustering and latent Dirichlet allocation analysis.

Findings

In business disciplines, the fields are considered different; however, in other disciplines, it was found that some authors defined them quite similarly. The citation analysis results showed that appropriation was more relevant to absorptive capacity, or vice versa. From the dimension perspective, it was found that although appropriation was considered a relevant element for absorptive capacity, the last models did not include it. Finally, it was found that studies on both topics identified the importance of appropriation and absorptive capacity for innovation performance, knowledge management and technology transfer.

Originality/value

This is one of the first studies to examine in-depth the relationship between appropriation and absorptive capacity, bridging a gap in both fields.
Investigating the influence of perceived organizational justice on counterproductive work behaviours: mediating role of negative emotions
Authors: Aisha Rabail , Channa Nisar Ahmed , Mirani Manzoor Ali , Qureshi Naveed Akhtar
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Using the theoretical lens of appraisal theory, this research aims to investigate the interrelationship between employees' organizational justice perceptions and counterproductive work behaviours (CWBs) through the mediation of negative emotions.

Design/methodology/approach

To this end, a sample comprised of 207 banking sector employees of Pakistan was utilized to test hypothesized relationships. The collected data were analyzed through the partial least structural equation modelling technique.

Findings

Results show that counterwork behaviours are influenced by distributive and procedural justice perceptions. The mediating effects of negative emotions were also statistically significant between procedural, interpersonal and informational justice perceptions and counterwork behaviours. No gender differences were found between distributive, interpersonal and informational justice perceptions and counterwork behaviours. However, the authors found that procedural justice perceptions of female employees are strongly related to CWBs as compared to male employees.

Originality/value

This research contributes to the existing organizational behaviour literature by empirically testing the hypothesized relationships using the theoretical lens of appraisal theory with advanced quantitative data analysis techniques.
The fit between GLOBE cultural dimensions, budget transparency and performance management across emerging economies
Authors: Zarei Hamid , Yazdifar Hassan , Nasseri Ahmad , Dahmarde Ghaleno Mohsen
Published: November 2022

Purpose

There is a dearth of research that investigates the impact of national culture on budgeting and management indexes in the public sector across developing countries. Limited studies in accounting and management have explained the role of national culture in shaping organisational and individual values. It is posited that national cultural variables impact budget transparency and performance management. This study contributes to the literature by examining these relations in 16 developing countries.

Design/methodology/approach

Adopting an unbalanced timing framework, the current paper seeks to fulfill this gap and applies four cultural dimensions from the GLOBE study (House et al., 2004) as explanatory variables to investigate whether national culture is associated with budget transparency and performance management or not, particularly in the context of developing countries. The paper uses budget transparency as the first dependent variable, based on the OECD database from Qi and Mensah (2011), along with performance management as the second dependent variable, from the BTI Project (2016), according to the leadership's political performance management.

Findings

Generally, the empirical findings reveal a minimal relation among GLOBE cultural variables with budget transparency and performance management. Particularly, the empirical findings indicate that only performance orientation has a significant relation with budget transparency and performance management.

Research limitations/implications

The findings of this paper suggest that any plan to improve a nation's budget transparency should consider the links between budgeting, performance management and the culture of those that run them.

Originality/value

The formal adoption of new methods by performance management may not be enough without accompanying efforts to transform performance orientation as an index of national culture.
Parasitic plants indirectly regulate decomposition of soil organic matter
Authors: Yuan Yongge , Lin Xinru , Chen Gelv , van Kleunen Mark , Li Junmin
Published: November 2022

Parasitic plants have been shown to affect soil‐organic‐matter (SOM) decomposition, but the mechanism is unknown. As arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can affect decomposition and compete with parasitic plants for carbon, we hypothesized that parasitic plants can indirectly regulate SOM decomposition by suppressing the effects of AMF on decomposition.

To test this hypothesis, we conducted two container experiments in which the herbaceous plant Bidens pilosa was inoculated with the AMF Rhizophagus intraradices or not, and Cuscuta australis or not. In one experiment, we provided SOM within hyphae‐in‐growth bags as 13C‐/15 N‐labelled maize leaves and in the other experiment as phytate‐P. We assessed growth and nutrient uptake of B. pilosa, growth of C. australis, the SOM remaining in the hyphae‐in‐growth bags, and the bacterial communities.

Parasitization increased the 13C and decreased the organic P remaining in the bags, but only in the presence of the extraradical AMF hyphae. AMF decreased the 13C and increased the organic P remaining in the absence of the parasite, but not in the presence of the parasite.

Our results demonstrate that parasitic plants can regulate the decomposition of organic materials indirectly by suppressing the effect of the extraradical AMF hyphae on decomposition. In other words, parasitic plants can regulate SOM decomposition indirectly via a multitrophic cascading effect. Our study helps to unravel the mechanisms of a sophisticated hidden ecological process, and is an important step forward in elucidating the roles of parasitic plants in soil nutrient cycling.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Biological Flora of Britain and Ireland:Viscum album
Authors: Thomas Peter A. , Dering Monika , Giertych Marian J. , Iszkuło Grzegorz , Tomaszewski Dominik , Briggs Jonathan
Published: November 2022

This account presents information on all aspects of the biology ofViscum albumL. (Mistletoe) that are relevant to understanding its ecological characteristics and behaviour. The main topics are presented within the standard framework of theBiological Flora of Britain and Ireland: distribution, habitat, communities, responses to biotic factors, responses to environment, structure and physiology, phenology, floral and seed characters, herbivores and disease, history, and conservation.

Viscum albumis a widespread obligate hemiparasite on a wide range of angiosperm and gymnosperm trees. Once thought to take just water and nutrients from its host via a haustorium, it is now suggested to also take carbon. Heavy infestations can reduce host vitality through prolific water use and carbon removal.

Flowers are highly reduced but are primarily pollinated by flies, ants and bees. Seeds are dispersed by birds. Removal of the epicarp is necessary for successful seedling establishment, and seeds have a sticky viscin coat, adhering it to the host bark. Vegetative spread also happens under the bark of its host resulting in densities of >700 Mistletoe plants per host.

Viscum albumis a lowland species, most frequent in open human‐made habitats extending into woodlands in Europe. It has been widely planted for folklore use centred around Christmas. Despite conservation concerns following removal of Mistletoe‐laden old orchards, the species is thriving and needs control in some areas. Viscotoxins and lectins in leaves and shoots have been widely used in herbal medicine and now potentially in complementary cancer therapy.
Increased nutrient availability speeds up permafrost development, while goose grazing slows it down in a Canadian High Arctic wetland
Authors: Deschamps Lucas , Maire Vincent , Chen Lin , Fortier Daniel , Gauthier Gilles , Morneault Amélie , Hardy‐Lachance Elisabeth , Dalcher‐Gosselin Isabelle , Tanguay François , Gignac Charles , McKenzie Jeffrey M. , Rochefort Line , Lévesque Esther
Published: November 2022

It is of prime importance to understand feedbacks due to the release of carbon (C) stored in permafrost soils (permafrost‐climate feedback) and direct impacts of climatic variations on permafrost dynamics therefore received considerable attention. However, indirect effects of global change, such as the variation in soil nutrient availability and grazing pressure, can alter soil and surface properties of the Arctic tundra, with the potential to modify soil heat transfers toward the permafrost and impact resilience of Arctic ecosystems.

We determined the potential of nutrient availability and grazing to alter soil energy balance using a 16‐year split‐plot experiment crossing fertilization at different doses of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) with protection from goose grazing. Moss biomass and some determinants of the surface energy budget (leaf area index (LAI), dead vascular plant biomass and albedo) were quantified and active layer thaw depth repeatedly measured during three growing seasons. We measured soil physical properties and thermal conductivity and used a physical model to link topsoil organic accumulation processes to heat transfer.

Fertilization increased LAI and albedo, whereas grazing decreased dead vascular plant biomass and albedo. Fertilization increased organic accumulation at the top of the soil leading to drier and more porous topsoil, whereas grazing increased water content of topsoil. As a result, topsoil thermal conductivity was higher in grazed plots than in ungrazed ones. Including these properties into a simulation model, we showed that, after 16 years, nutrient addition tended to shallow the active layer whereas grazing deepened mean July active layer by 3.3 cm relative to ungrazed subplots. As a result of OM accumulation at the surface, fertilization increased permafrost vertical aggradation rate by almost an order of magnitude (up to 5 mm year−1 instead of 0.7 mm year−1), whereas grazing slowed down permafrost aggradation by reducing surface uprising and deepening thaw depth.

Synthesis. We demonstrated that long‐term grazing and N and P addition, through their impact on vegetation and soil properties have the potential to impact permafrost dynamics to the same extent as contemporary temperature increase in High Arctic polygonal wetlands.
Development and pilot test of a pregnancy decision making tool for women with physical disabilities
Authors: Kalpakjian Claire Z. , Haapala Heidi J. , Ernst Susan D. , Orians Brittany R. , Barber Melissa L. , Mulenga Lukonde , Bolde Shannen , Kreschmer Jodi M. , Parten Rebecca , Carlson Susan , Rosenblum Sara , Jay Gina M.
Published: November 2022

Objective

Design and pilot test a new decision making tool for women with physical disabilities (impairment of physical function due to chronic conditions) considering pregnancy.

Data Sources and Study Setting

Quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews were collected from participants living in the community.

Study Design

Clinical guidelines and survey and focus group data about pregnancy informational and decisional needs guided content development. The tool was pilot tested in a 12‐week trial with participants with physical disabilities considering or actively planning a pregnancy. Feasibility outcomes were acceptability, implementation, and demand (collected at end of the trial); preliminary efficacy focused on decisional conflict and readiness (baseline, 6 weeks, and end of trial).

Data Collection

Survey data were collected using an online form. One‐on‐one interviews were conducted to learn more about experience using the tool.

Principal Findings

Thirty eight participants with mild, moderate, or severe physical disabilities participated. Feasibility outcomes indicated that the tool provided participants with information, guiding questions, and helped them to consider multiple aspects of the decision about pregnancy. Most participants responded positively to the new decision making tool, finding it easy to use and the information balanced. Feedback highlighted opportunity for improvement, such as more specific information, peer stories, and the limitations of a paper format. There was significant linear effect of time, with increased decisional certainty and readiness, values clarity, and decisional support (partial η2 [90% CI] = 0.310 [0.08, 0.46], 0.435 [0.19, 0.60], 0.134 [0, 0.29], 0.178 [0.01, 0.35], respectively). Decisional certainty and readiness had high observed power (96.7% and 99.3%, respectively) with lower observed power for clarity and support (60.6% and 75.1%, respectively).

Conclusions

The new tool shows promise for supporting women with physical disabilities in navigating pregnancy decision making. Future development of complementary strategies to support health care providers will help improve shared decision making and patient‐centered care.
Nondiagnostic, radial‐probe endobronchial ultrasound‐guided biopsy for peripheral lung lesions: The added value of radiomics from ultrasound imaging for predicting malignancy
Authors: Choi Jihwan , Zo Sungmin , Kim Jong Hoon , Oh You Jin , Ahn Joong Hyun , Kim Myoungkyoung , Lee Kyungjong , Lee Ho Yun
Published: November 2022

Objectives

This study investigated whether radiomic features extracted from radial‐probe endobronchial ultrasound (radial EBUS) images can assist in decision‐making for subsequent clinical management in cases with indeterminate pathologic results.

Methods

A total of 494 patients who underwent radial EBUS biopsy for lung nodules between January 2017 and December 2018 were allocated to our training set. For the validation set, 229 patients with radial EBUS biopsy results from January 2019 to April 2020 were used. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used for feature selection and prediction modeling.

Results

In the training set, 157 (67 benign and 90 malignant) of 212 patients pathologically diagnosed as indeterminate were analyzed. In the validation set, 213 patients were diagnosed as indeterminate, and 158 patients (63 benign and 95 malignant) were included in the analysis. The performance of the radiomics‐added model, which considered satellite nodules, linear arc, shape, patency of vessels and bronchi, echogenicity, spiculation, C‐reactive protein, and minimum histogram, was 0.929 for the training set and 0.877 for the validation set, whereas the performance of the model without radiomics was 0.910 and 0.891, respectively.

Conclusion

Although the next diagnostic step for indeterminate lung biopsy results remains controversial, integrating various factors, including radiomic features from radial EBUS, might facilitate decision‐making for subsequent clinical management.
Flower strips increase the control of rosy apple aphids after parasitoid releases in an apple orchard
Authors: Tougeron Kévin , Ferrais Louise , Gardin Pauline , Lateur Marc , Hance Thierry
Published: November 2022

Mass releases of two parasitoid species, Aphidius matricariae and Ephedrus cerasicola, may provide an alternative measure to pesticides to control the rosy apple aphid Dysaphis plantaginea in organic apple orchards. As an exploratory study, we tested if the presence of flower strips between apple tree rows could improve the action of three early parasitoid releases––and of other naturally present aphid enemies––on the control of aphid colonies and the number of aphids per tree. Apple trees located at various distances from parasitoid release points were monitored in plots with and without flower strips in an organic apple orchard over two years, along the season of aphid infestation (March to July). Our case study demonstrated that the presence of flowering plant mixes in the alleyways of the apple orchard reduced the presence of D. plantaginea by 33.4%, compared to plots without flower strips, at the infestation peak date. We also showed a negative effect of increasing the distance to parasitoid release points on aphid control. However, our results at the infestation peak date suggest that the presence of flower strips could marginally compensate for the detrimental effect of increasing distance to the release point, probably by improving the persistence and dispersal capacities of natural enemies. Despite high variations in aphid population dynamics between years, we conclude that combining flower strips with early parasitoid releases in apple orchards is promising for biological control of the rosy apple aphid, although the method merits to be further refined.
Estimated glomerular filtration rates are higher when creatinine‐based equations are compared with a cystatin C‐based equation in coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Larsson Anders O. , Hultström Michael , Frithiof Robert , Lipcsey Miklos , Nyman Ulf , Eriksson Mats B.
Published: November 2022

Objectives

Estimations of glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) are based on analyses of creatinine and cystatin C, respectively. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) often have acute kidney injury (AKI) and are at increased risk of drug‐induced kidney injury. The aim of this study was to compare creatinine‐based eGFR equations to cystatin C‐based eGFR in ICU patients with COVID‐19.

Methods

After informed consent, we included 370 adult ICU patients with COVID‐19. Creatinine and cystatin C were analyzed at admission to the ICU as part of the routine care. Creatinine‐based eGFR (ml/min) was calculated using the following equations, developed in chronological order; the Cockcroft–Gault (C‐G), Modified Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD)1999, MDRD 2006, Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD‐EPI), and Lund–Malmö revised (LMR) equations, which were compared with eGFR calculated using the cystatin C‐based Caucasian Asian Pediatric Adult (CAPA) equation.

Results

The median eGFR when determined by C‐G was 99 ml/min and interquartile range (IQR: 67 ml/min). Corresponding estimations for MDRD1999 were 90 ml/min (IQR: 54); MDRD2006: 85 ml/min (IQR: 51); CKD‐EPI: 91 ml/min (IQR: 47); and for LMR 83 ml/min (IQR: 41). eGFR was calculated using cystatin C and the CAPA equation value was 70 ml/min (IQR: 38). All differences between creatinine‐based eGFR versus cystatin C‐based eGFR were significant (p < .00001).

Conclusions

Estimation of GFR based on various analyses of creatinine are higher when compared with a cystatin C‐based equation. The C‐G equation had the worst performance and should not be used in combination with modern creatinine analysis methods for determination of drug dosage in COVID‐19 patients.
β‐caryophyllene, a cannabinoid receptor 2 agonist, decreases the motivational salience and conditioning place preference for palatable food in female mice
Authors: dos Santos Barbosa Lucas Antônio , Dutra Rafael Cypriano , Moreira Eduardo Luiz Gasnhar , de Carvalho Cristiane Ribeiro
Published: November 2022

β‐caryophyllene (BCP) is a cannabinoid receptor CB2 agonist plant‐derived terpenoid found in different essential oil plants, including rosemary, black pepper, copaiba and cannabis. It has GRAS (generally recognized as safe) status and is approved by the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) for food use. BCP displays agonist activity on the CB2 receptor and is a potential therapeutic target in several neuropsychiatric disorders, including anxiety and drug addiction. Unlike CB1 receptors, activation of the CB2 receptors is devoid of psychotomimetic and addictive properties. In this regard, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of BCP on incentive salience (“wanting”) performance and motivational properties elicited by sweetened palatable foods in female Swiss mice. After 9 days of training for incentive salience performance for a sweet reward (hazelnut cream with chocolate), food‐restricted mice received a systemic injection of BCP (50 and 100 mg/kg) before testing over 3 days. Moreover, independent groups of female mice were tested on sweet reward‐induced conditioned place preference (CPP) for 22 consecutive days. To evaluate BCP effects on the expression of seeking behaviour for sweetened food, mice received a single intraperitoneal injection of BCP (50 mg/kg) 30 min before testing on the CPP task. BCP significantly decreased the incentive performance for a sweet reward compared with the control group in a CB2 receptor‐dependent manner. Also, BCP suppressed the expression of sweet reward‐CPP. Altogether, these preclinical data demonstrate the potential role of BCP in treating disorders associated with food addiction‐like behaviour.
Longitudinal transitions in adolescent polytobacco use across waves 1–4 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study
Authors: Blank Melissa D. , Romm Katelyn F. , Childers Margaret G. , Douglas Ashley E. , Dino Geri , Bray Bethany C.
Published: November 2022

Aims

This study aims to identify adolescent patterns of polytobacco use and measure transitions between patterns over time.

Design

Longitudinal analysis using data derived from waves 1–4 (2013–18) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study. Transitions in tobacco use patterns were examined via latent transition analysis, and then, socio‐demographic characteristics were used to predict transitions via logistic regression.

Setting

United States.

Participants

Participants included 975 adolescents who used at least one tobacco product at any wave (W1 mean age = 13.29, standard deviation = 0.86; W4 54.2% male; 54.5% white, 25.9% Hispanic).

Measurements

Measurements included past 30‐day use of cigarettes, electronic cigarettes (e‐cigs), traditional cigars, cigarillos, filtered cigars, snus, smokeless tobacco (SLT) or hookah.

Findings

Six latent classes were identified. Cigarette users (43.5–58.8%) and SLT users (50.8–79.6%) tended to persist in their use over time. E‐cig users began to probably transition to non‐users (80.0%), but became more likely to persist in this use over time (31.1%). Non‐users at a given wave were most likely to transition to e‐cig users (8.5–43.7%) or cigarette users (6.7–28.6%). Cigarillo/poly‐users and hookah/poly‐users displayed more variable transition patterns. Adolescents were more likely to transition to non‐use (versus become/remain e‐cig users) if they were older (cigarette users, SLT users), younger (e‐cig users), other race (SLT users), male (SLT users) or had less‐educated parents (SLT users) compared with their counterparts. Hispanic (versus white) cigarette users were more likely to transition to non‐users than to persist in this use.

Conclusions

Among adolescents in the United States, patterns of tobacco use characterized by the use, mainly, of single, specific products appear to be stable, particularly by late adolescence. In contrast, patterns characterized by polytobacco use appear to be more variable and may represent experimentation without specialization.
Symbiotic bacteria in the relationship between Anaphes nitens (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) and Gonipterus platensis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Ribeiro Murilo Fonseca , Carvalho Vanessa Rafaela , Favoreto Ana Laura , de Marchi Bruno Rossitto , Bello Vinicius H. , Jordan Carolina , Soliman Everton Pires , Zanuncio José Cola , Sabattini Julian Alberto , Wilcken Carlos Frederico
Published: November 2022

The egg parasitoid Anaphes nitens (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) parasitizes the Eucalyptus snout‐beetle Gonipterus platensis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), one of the main defoliating beetles of Eucalyptus. Outbreaks of this pest are being recorded in areas with low parasitism rates by A. nitens. Endosymbiont bacteria can affect the reproductive characteristics of host insects increasing or decreasing the parasitism rate. The objectives of this study were to identify the presence, phylogeny and transmission modes of endosymbiont bacteria in A. nitens and G. platensis. Six populations of A. nitens and one of G. platensis were evaluated. Genomic DNA from these populations was extracted and nine genera of cell endosymbionts were searched by PCR. Three species of the Enterobacteriaceae family, Erwinia amylovora, Serratia grimesii, Yersinia massiliensis and the cell endosymbiont Rickettsia belli were identified in all A. nitens populations. Only Serratia grimesii was found in G. platensis. The presence of E. amylovora, Y. massiliensis and R. belli in the F1 and F2 generations indicates vertical transmission in A. nitens, while S. grimesii is vertically transmitted in G. platensis.
Real‐world comparison of effectiveness between tofacitinib and vedolizumab in patients with ulcerative colitis exposed to at least one anti‐TNF agent
Authors: Buisson Anthony , Nachury Maria , Guilmoteau Thomas , Altwegg Romain , Treton Xavier , Fumery Mathurin , Serrero Melanie , Leclerc Eloïse , Caillo Ludovic , Pereira Bruno , Amiot Aurélien , Bouguen Guillaume
Published: November 2022

Background

Data comparing tofacitinib and vedolizumab in ulcerative colitis (UC) are lacking.

Aims

To compare the effectiveness of tofacitinib and vedolizumab in patients with UC who had prior exposure to anti‐TNF therapy

Methods

In this multicentre study, we included consecutive patients with UC ≥18 years old with partial Mayo score >2 and prior anti‐TNF exposure, who started tofacitinib or vedolizumab between January 2019 and June 2021. Comparisons were performed using propensity score analyses (inverse probability of treatment weighting).

Results

Overall, 126 and 178 patients received tofacitinib and vedolizumab, respectively. Intensified induction (vedolizumab infusion at week 10 or tofacitinib 10 mg b.d until week 16) was performed in 28.5% and 41.5% of patients, respectively.

After propensity‐score analysis, corticosteroid‐free clinical remission (partial Mayo score ≤2) was achieved at week 16 in 45.1% and 40.2% of patients receiving tofacitinib and vedolizumab, respectively (aOR = 0.82 [0.35–1.91], p = 0.64). Endoscopic improvement (corticosteroid‐free clinical remission and endoscopic Mayo score ≤1) (aOR = 0.23[0.08–0.65], p = 0.0032) and histological healing (endoscopic improvement + Nancy histological index ≤1) (13.4% vs 3.2%, aOR = 0.21[0.05–0.91], p = 0.023) were higher at week 16 in patients treated with tofacitinib. No factor was predictive of tofacitinib effectiveness. At least one primary failure to a biologic (OR = 0.46[0.22–0.99], p = 0.049), partial Mayo score >6 (OR = 0.39[0.17–0.90], p = 0.029) and CRP level > 30 mg/L at baseline (OR = 0.08[0.01–0.85], p = 0.036) were associated with vedolizumab failure.

Conclusion

Tofacitinib and vedolizumab are effective in UC after failure of anti‐TNF agents. However, tofacitinib seems more effective, especially in severe disease and primary failure to biologics.
A comprehensive SEER registry analysis of elderly patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma based on treatment era and race
Authors: Shah Harsh , Jang Hyejeong , Kim Seongho , Halwani Ahmad S.
Published: November 2022

We conducted a Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER‐18) registry analysis of classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) patients more than 60 years old and compared outcomes of those diagnosed between 2006 and 2010 (cohort 1) to those identified between 2011 and 2015 (cohort 2) based on treatment era and race. Cohort 1 had a median overall survival (OS) of 4 years and cohort 2 had a median OS of 4.75 years [hazard ratio (HR): 0.92 (0.85–1.00); p = 0.052]. Non‐Hispanic blacks (NHBs) had a similar 5‐year OS compared to non‐Hispanic whites (NHWs) of 48.6% vs. 50.2% (HR: 0.95 [0.79–1.15]; p > 0.99); on the contrary, Hispanics had worse 5‐year OS of 41.8% vs. 48.6% (HR: 1.24 [1.09–1.41]; p < 0.001). NHW was the only race that had improvement in 5‐year OS in 2011–2015 compared to 2006–2010 (51% vs. 46.5%, p = 0.002). In the multivariable analysis, older age, male gender, stage III–IV, unmarried status, Hispanic race, lack of chemotherapy, and diagnosis in 2006–2010 were associated with worse OS. Lymphoma was the most common cause of death in 60% of patients. In conclusion, elderly cHL patients diagnosed after 2010 had improved OS by nine months that was most prevalent in NHWs, and disparity in OS existed between NHWs and Hispanics throughout the study period.
Learning outcomes in primary school children with emotional problems: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Mundy Lisa K. , Canterford Louise , Moreno‐Betancur Margarita , Hoq Monsurul , Viner Russell M. , Bayer Jordana K. , Lietz Petra , Redmond Gerry , Patton George C.
Published: November 2022

Background

Academic difficulties are common in adolescents with mental health problems. Although earlier childhood emotional problems, characterised by heightened anxiety and depressive symptoms are common forerunners to adolescent mental health problems, the degree to which mental health problems in childhood may contribute independently to academic difficulties has been little explored.

Methods

Data were drawn from a prospective cohort study of students in Melbourne, Australia (N = 1239). Data were linked with a standardised national assessment of academic performance at baseline (9 years) and wave three (11 years). Depressive and anxiety symptoms were assessed at baseline and wave two (10 years). Regression analyses estimated the association between emotional problems (9 and/or 10 years) and academic performance at 11 years, adjusting for baseline academic performance, sex, age and socioeconomic status, and hyperactivity/inattention symptoms.

Results

Students with depressive symptoms at 9 years of age had lost nearly 4 months of numeracy learning two years later after controlling for baseline academic performance and confounders. Results were similar for anxiety symptoms. Regardless of when depressive symptoms occurred there were consistent associations with poorer numeracy performance at 11 years. The association of depressive symptoms with reading performance was weaker than for numeracy if they were present at wave two. Persistent anxiety symptoms across two waves led to nearly a 4 month loss of numeracy learning at 11 years, but the difference was not meaningful for reading. Findings were similar when including hyperactivity/inattention symptoms.

Conclusions

Childhood anxiety and depression are not only forerunners of later mental health problems but predict academic achievement. Partnerships between education and health systems have the potential to not only improve childhood emotional problems but also improve learning.
Understanding heterogeneity in pathways between interparental conflict and children's involvement: The moderating role of affect‐biased attention
Authors: Thompson Morgan J. , Davies Patrick T. , Sturge‐Apple Melissa L.
Published: November 2022

The study examined the moderating role of children's affect‐biased attention to angry, fearful, and sad adult faces in the link between interparental conflict and children's distinct forms of involvement. Participants included 243 preschool children (Mage = 4.60 years, 56% female) and their parents from racially (48% African American, 43% White) and socioeconomically (median annual household income = $36,000) diverse backgrounds. Data collection took place in the Northeastern United States (2010–2014). Utilizing a multi‐method, multi‐informant, longitudinal design, attention away from anger selectively amplified the link between interparental conflict and children's subsequent coercive involvement (β = −.15). Greater attention to fear potentiated the pathway between interparental conflict and children's later cautious (β = .14) and caregiving involvement (β = .15). Findings are interpreted in the context of environmental sensitivity models.
Pre‐pregnancy health of women with pre‐existing diabetes or previous gestational diabetes: Analysis of pregnancy risk factors and behavioural data from a digital tool
Authors: Flynn Angela C. , Robertson Michelle , Kavanagh Kimberley , Murphy Helen R. , Forde Rita , Stephenson Judith , Poston Lucilla , White Sara L.
Published: November 2022

Aims

To examine health behaviours and risk factors in women with pre‐existing diabetes or previous gestational diabetes mellitus who are planning pregnancy.

Methods

Health behaviour, risk factor and demographic data obtained from a digital pregnancy planning advisory tool (Tommy's charity UK) were analysed. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed, stratified by diabetes type.

Results

Data from 84,359 women, including 668 with type 1 diabetes, 707 with type 2 diabetes and 1785 with previous gestational diabetes obtained over a 12‐month period (September 2019–September 2020) were analysed. 65%, 95%CI (61,68%) of women with type 2 diabetes and 46%, 95%CI (43,48%) with previous gestational diabetes were obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2), compared with 26%, 95%CI (26,26%) without diabetes. Use of folic acid supplements was low; 41%, 95%CI (40,41%) of women without diabetes and 42%, 95%CI (40,45%) with previous gestational diabetes reported taking folic acid (any dose) while 47%, 95%CI (43.50%) women with type 1 diabetes and 44%, 95%CI (40,47%) women with type 2 diabetes respectively reported taking the recommended dose (5 mg). More women with type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes reported smoking (20%, 95%CI [17,23%] and 23%, 95%CI [20,26%] respectively) and taking illicit/recreational drugs (7%, 95%CI [6,10%] and 9%, 95% CI [7,11%]) compared to women without diabetes (smoking 17%, 95% CI [16,17%], drug use 5%, 95%CI [5,5%]). Alcohol consumption, low levels of physical activity and of fruit and vegetable intake were also evident.

Conclusions

This study highlights the potential of online pregnancy planning advisory tools to reach high‐risk women and emphasises the need to improve pre‐pregnancy care for women with pre‐existing diabetes and previous gestational diabetes, many of whom are actively seeking advice. It is also the first to describe pre‐pregnancy health behaviours in women with previous gestational diabetes.
The relationship between traumatic dental injuries and adolescents' non‐suicidal self‐injury behaviour: A cross‐sectional analysis of an East London cohort
Authors: Mohd Yani Azri Aliah Binti , Marcenes Wagner , Stansfeld Stephen A. , Bernabé Eduardo
Published: November 2022

Background/Aim

Recent reviews of case reports have pointed out a potential connection between non‐suicidal self‐injury (NSSI) and traumatic dental injuries (TDIs). The aim of this study was to investigate the association of a history of NSSI with TDIs in 15‐ to 16‐year‐old adolescents.

Methods

This study analysed cross‐sectional data from the Research with East London Adolescents Community Health Survey, a prospective population survey of adolescents attending state schools in East London, England. The history of NSSI was obtained using two items from the Lifestyle and Coping questionnaire (whether they have ever engaged with self‐harm and the last time they engaged in such behaviours). The presence of TDIs, increased overjet and inadequate lip coverage were determined through clinical assessments by two trained dentists. Survey logistic regression was fitted to test the association of NSSI with TDIs. Odds ratios (ORs) were adjusted for socio‐demographic and clinical characteristics as potential confounders.

Results

The lifetime and last‐year prevalence of NSSI were 11.9% and 6.7%, respectively, whereas the prevalence of TDIs was 16.5%. Neither the lifetime prevalence of NSSI (OR: 1.02, 95% confidence interval: 0.56–1.85) nor the last‐year prevalence of NSSI (OR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.36–1.61) were associated with TDIs in regression models adjusted for confounders.

Conclusion

This study did not support an association between history of NSSI and TDIs among adolescents aged 15–16 years old in East London.
Condensation of capillary water and decreased surface energy cause increased soil water repellency in sandy soil
Authors: Wong Enoch V. S. , Ward Philip R. , Leopold Matthias , Murphy Daniel V. , Barton Louise
Published: November 2022

Predicting soil water availability to crops in water‐repellent sandy soil is complicated as soil water repellency (SWR) responds non‐linearly to soil water content. Others have hypothesised that the development of a monolayer of water molecules results in SWR increasing before SWR declines with a further increase in soil water content. In a previous study, we found that SWR increases when above 0.28–0.86% threshold soil water content. Thus, our objective was to determine the underlying mechanisms responsible for why SWR increases when above a certain threshold soil water content in a sandy soil. A water adsorption isotherm was constructed by exposing a water‐repellent sandy soil to increasing relative humidity (dynamic vapour sorption technique) to evaluate if the development of a monolayer of water molecules was responsible for the increased SWR response. The increased SWR when above 0.66% threshold soil water content was found to coincide with the capillary condensation of water in the soil. The inverse gas chromatography technique was used for the first time in soil particles' surface energy analysis to investigate why SWR increases when above the threshold soil water content by determining the total, dispersive (non‐polar), and specific surface (polar) energy of the soil at two relative humidities (0% and 90%). Wettable sandy soil (98% soil organic carbon removed) was included as a control to further assess if soil organic carbon in the water‐repellent soil influences the surface energy of the soil. The mean of total, dispersive, and specific surface energy decreased for both wettable and water‐repellent sandy soils when exposed to 90% relative humidity, suggesting that there was limited effect of soil carbon on the increased SWR when above the threshold soil water content since most organic carbon was removed from the wettable soil. We also investigated if there is any difference in the surface energy heterogeneity when exposed to 90% relative humidity to gain insight into surface chemistry heterogeneity of the soil particles' surfaces. Exposing soils to 90% relative humidity decreased the heterogeneity of the total and dispersive surface energy of both wettable and water‐repellent sandy soil indicating a more uniform surface chemistry than when exposed to 0% relative humidity.

Highlights

Examined why soil water repellency (SWR) in a sandy soil increases at low soil water content.

Explored underlying mechanisms via water adsorption isotherm and surface energy of a sandy soil.

Increased SWR coincided with capillary water condensation and is likely due to counterion effects.

Quantitative data presented new mechanisms on why SWR increases with increasing soil water content.
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy with positive anti‐myelin associated glycoprotein antibodies: Back to clinical basics
Authors: Rajabally Yusuf A.
Published: November 2022

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy with anti‐myelin associated glycoprotein antibodies represents a small subgroup of patients for whom management may not be straightforward. A recent study offers insight into this issue, with results suggesting priority should be given to the clinical phenotype.
Neutrophil extracellular traps promote keratinocyte inflammation via AIM2 inflammasome and AIM2‐XIAP in psoriasis
Authors: Cao Tianyu , Yuan Xu , Fang Hui , Chen Jiaoling , Xue Ke , Li Zhiguo , Dang Erle , Wang Gang , Shao Shuai
Published: November 2022

The infiltration of neutrophils in the epidermis and the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are important events in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, but the regulatory roles and internal mechanism of NETs in psoriasis are largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that NETs can activate the absent‐in‐melanoma‐2 (AIM2) inflammasome in keratinocytes through the p38‐MAPK signalling pathway, and targeting NETs with CI‐amidine in vivo reduces AIM2 expression and ameliorates imiquimod‐induced psoriasis‐like phenotype in mice. Notably, NETs‐activated AIM2 in keratinocytes not only promotes IL‐1β production through the classical inflammasome pathway but also promotes IFN‐γ production via X‐linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), thereby mediating the immune responses of keratinocytes. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that the NETs‐AIM2 axis exerts multiple pro‐inflammatory effects on keratinocytes and may serve as a potential target for psoriasis therapy.