bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Current State of Rural Neurosurgical Practice: An International Perspective
Authors: Upadhyayula Pavan S. , Yue John K. , Yang Jason , Birk Harjus S. , Ciacci Joseph D.
Published: January 2018

Introduction: Rural and low-resource areas have diminished capacity to care for neurosurgical patients due to lack of infrastructure, healthcare investment, and training programs. This review summarizes the range of rural neurosurgical procedures, novel mechanisms for delivering care, rapid training programs, and outcome differences across international rural neurosurgical practice. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed for English language manuscripts with keywords “rural” and “neurosurgery” using the National Library of Medicine PubMed database (01/1971–06/2017). Twenty-four articles focusing on rural non-neurosurgical practice were included. Results: Time to care and/or surgery and shortage of trained personnel remain the strongest risk factors for mortality and poor outcome. Telemedicine consults to regional centers with neurosurgery housestaff have potential for increased timeliness of diagnosis/triage, improved time to surgery, and reductions in unnecessary transfers in remote areas. Mobile neurosurgery teams have been deployed with success in nations with large transport distances precluding initial transfers. Common neurosurgical procedures involve trauma mechanisms; accordingly, training programs for nonneurosurgery medical personnel on basic assessment and operative techniques have been successful in resource-deficient settings where neurosurgeons are unavailable. Conclusions: Protracted transport times, lack of resources/training, and difficulty retaining specialists are barriers to successful outcomes. Advances in telemedicine, mobile neurosurgery, and training programs for urgent operative techniques have been implemented efficaciously. Development of guidelines for paired partnerships between rural centers and academic hospitals, supplying surplus technology to rural areas, and rapid training of qualified local surgical personnel can create sustainable feed-forward programs for trainees and infrastructural solutions to address challenges in rural neurosurgery.
Joubert Syndrome with Orofacial Digital Features
Authors: Bhardwaj Parveen , Sharma Minoo , Ahluwalia Karan
Published: January 2018

Joubert syndrome (JS) is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder characterized by hypotonia, cerebellar vermis hypoplasia, ocular abnormalities (e.g., pigmentary retinopathy, oculomotor apraxia, and nystagmus), renal cysts, and hepatic fibrosis. Respiratory abnormalities, as apnea and hyperpnea, may be present, as well as mental retardation. Since the clinical findings of JS are quite heterogeneous, determination of radiological findings is essential.
The Effects of Posterior Talar Glide and Dorsiflexion of the Ankle Plus Mobilization with Movement on Balance and Gait Function in Patient with Chronic Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kim Sang-Lim , Lee Byoung-Hee
Published: January 2018

Background: This study was to evaluate the effects of weight-bearing-based mobilization with movement (WBBMWM) on balance and gait in stroke patients. Methods: Thirty stroke patients participated in this study. All individuals were randomly assigned to either WBMWM group (n = 15) or weight-bearing with placebo mobilization with movement group (control, n = 15). Individuals in the WBMWM group were trained for 10 glides of 5 sets a day, 5 times a week during 4 weeks. Furthermore, individuals in the control group were trained for 10 lunges of 5 sets a day, 5 times a week during 4 weeks. All individuals were measured weight-bearing lunge test (WBLT), static balance ability, timed up and go test (TUG), and dynamic gait index (DGI) in before and after intervention. Results: The result showed that WBBMWM group and control group had significantly increased in WBLT, postural sway speed, total postural sway path length with eyes open and closed, TUG and DGI (P < 0.05). In particular, the WBMWM group showed significantly greater improvement than control group in WBLT, static balance measures, TUG, and DGI (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Therefore, WBMWM improved ankle range of motion, balance, and gait in stroke patients. These results suggest that WBBMWM is feasible and suitable for individuals with a stroke.
Assessing the impact of Syrian refugees on earthquake fatality estimations in southeast Turkey
Authors: Wilson Bradley , Paradise Thomas
Published: January 2018

Abstract. The influx of millions of Syrian refugees into Turkey has rapidly changed the population distribution along the Dead Sea Rift and East Anatolian fault zones. In contrast to other countries in the Middle East where refugees are accommodated in camp environments, the majority of displaced individuals in Turkey are integrated into local cities, towns, and villages – placing stress on urban settings and increasing potential exposure to strong earthquake shaking. Yet displaced populations are often unaccounted for in the census-based population models used in earthquake fatality estimations. This study creates a minimally modeled refugee gridded population model and analyzes its impact on semi-empirical fatality estimations across southeast Turkey. Daytime and nighttime fatality estimates were produced for five fault segments at earthquake magnitudes 5.8, 6.4, and 7.0. Baseline fatality estimates calculated from census-based population estimates for the study area varied in scale from tens to thousands of fatalities, with higher death totals in nighttime scenarios. Refugee fatality estimations were analyzed across 500 semi-random building occupancy distributions. Median fatality estimates for refugee populations added non-negligible contributions to earthquake fatalities at four of five fault locations, increasing total fatality estimates by 7–27 %. These findings communicate the necessity of incorporating refugee statistics into earthquake fatality estimations in southeast Turkey and the ongoing importance of placing environmental hazards in their appropriate regional and temporal context.
The influence of antecedent conditions on flood risk in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Bischiniotis Konstantinos , van den Hurk Bart , Jongman Brenden , Coughlan de Perez Erin , Veldkamp Ted , de Moel Hans , Aerts Jeroen
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Most flood early warning systems have predominantly focused on forecasting floods with lead times of hours or days. However, physical processes during longer timescales can also contribute to flood generation. In this study, we follow a pragmatic approach to analyse the hydro-meteorological pre-conditions of 501 historical damaging floods from 1980 to 2010 in sub-Saharan Africa. These are separated into (a) weather timescale (0–6 days) and (b) seasonal timescale conditions (up to 6 months) before the event. The 7-day precipitation preceding a flood event (PRE7) and the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) are analysed for the two timescale domains, respectively. Results indicate that high PRE7 does not always generate floods by itself. Seasonal SPEIs, which are not directly correlated with PRE7, exhibit positive (wet) values prior to most flood events across different averaging times, indicating a relationship with flooding. This paper provides evidence that bringing together weather and seasonal conditions can lead to improved flood risk preparedness.
SENTIDOS DO USO DA TÉCNICA DO BALÉ CLÁSSICO SOB A ÓTICA DE DIRETORES DE ESCOLAS TÉCNICAS DE DANÇA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
Authors: Almeida Heloisa Suzano , Assis Monique Ribeiro
Published: January 2018

O presente estudo objetiva verificar os sentidos da utilização da técnica do balé clássico no atual mercado de trabalho da dança profissional contemporânea carioca sob a ótica de diretores de escolas técnicas de dança da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Os dados coletados, de entrevistas semiestruturadas, com quatro diretores, foram interpretados a partir do método de Análise do Discurso proposto por Eni Orlandi. Verificou-se que os diretores mantém os preceitos fundantes da técnica na formação de seus bailarinos, mas a colocam em um novo lugar que dialoga com outras técnicas e métodos do universo da dança cênica contemporânea.
EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA NO ENSINO MÉDIO: AS PERCEPÇÕES DOS ESTUDANTES SOBRE AS AULAS
Authors: Da Silva Antonio Carlos , Rodrigues Graciele Massoli , Dos Santos Freire Elisabete
Published: January 2018

O presente estudo objetivou analisar as percepções dos estudantes do Ensino Médio sobre as aulas de Educação Física. Responderam a um questionário 72 estudantes do ensino médio, sendo que 14 declararam não participar das aulas ou participar às vezes. Problemas de saúde e vergonha foram as principais justificavas utilizadas por eles. As atividades realizadas estimulam a participação de alguns, mas levam ao afastamento de outros. O desejo por atividades diversificadas é comum. O esporte é apreciado por todos, inclusive aqueles que não participam das aulas. Entretanto, é importante identificar qual o significado atribuído ao termo, que por vezes parece se confundir com exercício e com jogo. Desta forma, acreditamos que pesquisas sobre o tema ainda são necessárias.
EDUCAÇÃO PRECOCE: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA DE LITERATURA
Authors: Silva André Ribeiro , De Sant'anna Jeane Brandão , Pereira de Cabral Ludmila Lucena , Soares Jitone Leônidas , Silva Martins de Souza Silvia Emanoella , De França Barros Jônatas
Published: January 2018

O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever as tendências atuais nas pesquisas científicas do Brasil sobre o tema educação precoce, presentes nas bases indexadas do Portal de Periódicos da CAPES. A metodologia utilizada foi a revisão integrativa de literatura, realizou-se a busca através do acesso remoto ao conteúdo assinado, a partir do acesso CAFe – Comunidade Acadêmica Federada, provido pela Rede Nacional de Ensino e Pesquisa (RNP) para instituições federadas, através da Universidade de Brasília. Os critérios de inclusão foram artigos publicados em português, na íntegra que retratasse a educação precoce e indexados no referido banco de dados nos últimos cinco anos.  Conclui-se que a educação precoce exige profissionais multidisciplinares, onde a família também faz parte desse processo. É necessário mais estudos intervencionais com os envolvidos neste processo.
Triadelphia acericola and T. centroseptata spp. nov., and a synopsis of the genus
Authors: Li De-Wei , Ye Jian-Ren
Published: January 2018

A new hyphomycete species found during a collection of microfungi from plant debris and decaying wood in Connecticut, USA, is described and illustrated here as Triadelphia acericola. The new species produces four conidial forms: form (a), the predominant form, is cylindrical
and 2-septate, with the apical septum covered by a wide dark band; form (b) is oblong or ellipsoidal and 1-septate; form (d) is clavate and pluriseptate, with the middle transverse septum covered by a dark band; and form (f) is globose. Literature on all published Triadelphia names
is reviewed, and a comparative synopsis of the genus and a key to Triadelphia species are provided. "Triadelphia centroseptata" nom. inval. is validated by designation of a holotype, and T. archontophoenicicola nom. nov. is proposed to replace the illegitimate homonym,
T. australiensis Joanne E. Taylor et al.
Glischroderma Fuckel
Authors: Hennebert Grégoire L.
Published: January 2018

Glischroderma and its type species G. cinctum are redescribed and illustrated with respect to their original description. Subsequent collections of the species show significant divergences, possibly distinct species, which should be investigated from fresh material. American
collections referred by Korf to Glischroderma based on the presence of gel and similar conidiogenesis are shown to be distinct from Glischroderma in a number of characters, and a 1999 phylogenetic study has related that anamorph to Pachyphlodes pfisteri. Glischroderma
is also distinguished from Ostracoderma by decisive characters.
Amanita pallidorosea in Pakistan and its ectomycorrhizal association with Quercus oblongata
Authors: Kiran Munazza , Khan Junaid , Naseer Arooj , Sher Hassan , Khalid Abdul Nasir
Published: January 2018

The occurrence of Amanita pallidorosea in Pakistan and its ectomycorrhizal association are reported for the first time based on morphological characters and nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region generated from basidiomata and from ectomycorrhizal roots
of Quercus oblongata [= Q. incana Roxb., nom. illeg.].
Lirula sichuanensis sp. nov. on Picea likiangensis var. rubescens from Sichuan, China
Authors: Yang Chun-Lin , Xu Xiu-Lan , Zhang Zheng-Gao , Liu Ying-Gao
Published: January 2018

Lirula sichuanensis on 2-year-old dead needles attached on living twigs of Picea likiangensis var. rubescens [= P. likiangensis var. balfouriana] in Sichuan Province is described and illustrated as a new species. Phylogenetic analysis based on the
internal transcribed spacer sequences of ribosomal DNA sequences confirms its distinction from similar species of the genus. The type specimen is deposited in the Forest Protection Laboratory of Sichuan Agricultural University, China (SAUF).
New reports of Myriospora (Acarosporaceae) from Europe
Authors: Knudsen Kerry , Kocourková Jana , Schiefelbein Ulf
Published: January 2018

Myriospora dilatata is newly reported for the Czech Republic and M. myochroa new for Italy. Myriospora rufescens was rediscovered in Germany almost 100 years after its first collection. A neotype is designated for Acarospora fusca, which is recognized as
a synonym of M. rufescens.
Repetophragma elegans sp. nov. from Hainan Province, China
Authors: Wang Xiao-Mei , Chen Shan-Shan , Liu Xiao-Man , Zhao Zi-Jian , Li Hao-Hua , Zhanga Xiu-Guo , Xiab Ji-Wen
Published: January 2018

A new species, Repetophragma elegans, is described and illustrated from specimens collected on dead branches in Hainan Province, China. The fungus is characterized by subcylindrical to subfusiform 14–18-euseptate brown conidia with rounded apices, apical mucilaginous tunica,
and truncate bases.
Key to the lichen families Pyrenulaceae and Trypetheliaceae in Vietnam, with eight new records
Authors: Joshi Santosh , Upreti D. K. , Hur Jae-Seoun
Published: January 2018

An identification key is presented for the members of the lichen families Pyrenulaceae and Trypetheliaceae in Vietnam. Eight pyrenocarpous species (in Anthracothecium, Astrothelium, Lithothelium, and Pyrenula) collected from Nam Cat Tien National Park, are new records
for Vietnam. Taxonomic characters of the species are given along with ecology, distribution, and illustrations.
Acumispora delicata sp. nov. from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Authors: Costa Phelipe M.O. , Barbosa Marcela A. , Tavares Wanderson L. , Sosa Daynet , Pérez-Martínez Simón , Castañeda-Ruiz Rafael F. , Malosso Elaine
Published: January 2018

A new species, Acumispora delicata, collected on decaying leaves of an unidentified plant, is described and illustrated. The new species is distinguished by narrow ovoid to broad obclavate conidia, which are acuminate toward the rounded or obtuse apex. A key and illustrations
of Acumispora species are provided.
Anisogenispora insignissima gen. & sp. nov. from the Brazilian semi-arid region
Authors: Leão-Ferreira Sheila Miranda , Gusmão Luis Fernando Pascholati , Castañeda-Ruiz Rafael F.
Published: January 2018

A new genus and species Anisogenispora insignissima is described and illustrated. The fungus, found on decaying fruit of an unidentified dicotyledonous plant, is distinguished by blastic production of globose to broadly pyriform, 1–2-septate, bicolored conidia and a
Thielaviopsis-like synanamorph with lenticular, doliiform, cylindrical, or vermiform, unicellular or multiseptate, black conidia produced by thallic-arthric disarticulation. All conidiogenous events originate on the same conidiophores.
INFLUENCIA DEL MUCÍLAGO DE NOPAL Y EXTRACTO DE ALGAS CAFÉS EN EL GRADO DE HIDRATACIÓN DE PASTAS DE CEMENTO PORTLAND ORDINARIO
Authors: Hernández E.F. , Pfeiffer Perea H. , Cano Barrita P.F. de J.
Published: January 2018

Este trabajo presenta el efecto que produce la adición de dispersión acuosa de mucílago de nopal y el extracto de algas marinas cafés en el grado de hidratación de pastas de cemento Portland ordinario. Se elaboraron pastas de cemento con relaciones agua/cemento de 0.30 y 0.60, conteniendo los aditivos naturales en tres concentraciones. Las pastas se curaron en húmedo y selladas. Se determinó el grado de hidratación de las pastas ignición y análisis termo-gravimétrico a los 14, 28 y 56 días de edad. Los resultados indican un mayor grado de hidratación en las pastas de cemento con relación agua/cemento de 0.60 conteniendo los aditivos naturales en comparación con el control. Se sugiere que esto es debido a una mejor dispersión de las partículas de cemento en la presencia de estos aditivos y a la capacidad de estos para retener agua, con lo cual se produce curado interno.
«Det handler om å finne sin egen form» Læreres profesjonelle handlingsrom - hvordan det blir forstått og utnyttet
Authors: Helleve Ingrid , Ulvik Marit , Smith Kari
Published: January 2018

Målet med denne studien er å undersøke hvordan lærere forstår og tolker sitt profesjonelle handlingsrom og hvordan de, basert på denne erfaringen, har opplevd å nå sine egne mål over tid. Studien, som er del av en internasjonal studie, bygger på observasjoner, intervjuer og story-lines fra seks lærere ved tre videregående skoler. Lærerne er av ledelsen utpekt til å være lærere som utnytter det handlingsrommet de har og som selv tar styring på hvordan de praktiserer lærerjobben. Funnene viser at lærerne langt på vei tolker og endrer rammer og regelverk i tråd med egne mål – også lærere innenfor samme kontekst. De fleste lærerne opplever at de utnytter og har utnyttet et større handlingsrom enn de erfarer å ha med bakgrunn i rammer og pålegg. Dette resultatet skiller seg fra de to andre landene som deltar i den internasjonale studien. Konklusjonen er at kunnskap om læreres forståelse av sitt profesjonelle handlingsrom kan bidra til refleksjon over egen lærerrolle og til ny innsikt i skoleutvikling.Nøkkelord: profesjonelt handlingsrom, videregående skole, lærereTeachers’ professional space – How it is experienced and utilizedAbstractThe aim of the study is to examine teachers’ understanding and interpretation of their professional space, and how they experience having possibilities to practice their pedagogical beliefs throughout their careers. The study, which is part of an international study, is built on observations, interviews and story-lines from six teachers in three Norwegian upper secondary schools. These are teachers viewed by their principals as independent teachers exploiting their professional space when practicing teaching. Findings show that to a large extent teachers interpret and change frames and rules according to their own pedagogical beliefs. Teachers working in the same schools respond differently to school regulations. Most of the teachers claim to have more space than what they perceive external rules and frameworks allow for. This finding differs from the two other participating countries in the international study, in which obedience to external regulations was strong. The conclusion reached in this paper is that additional knowledge about teachers’ perceptions of their professional space will contribute to ways in which reflection of practice and professional role can be enhanced, and thereby support school development.Keywords: professional space, upper secondary school, teachers
Vad är teknik? Pedagogers uppfattningar om och erfarenheter av teknik och teknikundervisning i förskolan
 What is technology? Preschool teachers' conceptions and experiences of technology and technology education in the preschool
Authors: Elvstrand Helene , Hallström Jonas , Hellberg Kristina
Published: January 2018

In recent years technology has become increasingly emphasized as educational content in the Swedish preschool, not the least with the introduction of the latest curriculum in 2010 (revised in 2016). Since preschool teachers have not had any formal technology education until just recently, it is of importance to investigate how they conceive of and experience technology in the daily activities of the preschool. The purpose of this study is therefore to describe and analyze Swedish preschool teachers’ views and experiences of technology and technology education in the preschool, focusing on what opportunities and obstacles that they see. The data consists of transcripts from focus group interviews with sixteen teachers in two Swedish preschools, and the data was coded and categorized with a thematic analysis. The results show that when it comes to opportunities, the teachers consider technology to permeate all preschool activities, and the challenge here is rather to make technology visible. In terms of obstacles, however, the teachers are also uncertain about what technology is and want to have more knowledge of technology themselves, for example, relevant concepts for various technologies or activities. They also want to know more about technology education in order to be able to educationally convey knowledge of technology to the children and to make the children conscious of the technology that surrounds them.
The nature of the relation between pre-service teachers’ views of an ideal teacher and their positive memories of biology and geography teachers
Authors: Pellikka Anne , Lutovac Sonja , Kaasila Raimo
Published: January 2018

Literature acknowledges that pre-service teachers’ memories of their past might influence how they see their future as teachers, and thus on the construction of their teacher identity. However, we know little about the nature of the relation between pre-service teachers’ views of the ideal teacher and their memories of their own school teachers, particularly regarding specific subject disciplines, such as biology and geography. This study addresses the significance of this relation. Narratives from three pre-service elementary teachers reveal that positive memories of biology and geography teachers and future-oriented reflection connect their past and the ideal teacher. The findings suggest that just one positive memory can have far-reaching significance. In addition, their views of the ideal teacher were found not to be subject-specific. Finally, suggestions for teacher education are presented.
RESSIGNIFICANDO A ESTRATÉGIA: A ABORDAGEM DA ESTRATÉGIA COMO PRÁTICA A PARTIR DAS CONTRIBUIÇÕES DA ECONOMIA EVOLUCIONÁRIA
Authors: Aquino hübler Eduardo , Barbosa Lavarda Rosalia Aldraci
Published: January 2018

Este ensaio teórico visa compreender as contribuições da economia evolucionária para Estratégia como Prática (SasP). Para tanto, apresentam-se as categorias analíticas oriundas da visão evolucionária, em particular, os conceitos de instintos, hábitos, mitos autorizados (enabling myths) e emulação (emulation) propostos por Veblen (1983), bem como, as definições de rotinas e habilidades individuais (skills), de Nelson e Winter (1982). Dessa forma, o presente ensaio teórico atende ao estabelecido por Whetten (2003) para estudos dessa natureza. Assim, a partir da abordagem da estratégia como prática, analisou-se a aderência do modelo proposto por Jarzabkowski, Balogun e Seidl (2007) às ideias evolucionárias. Dessa perspectiva, depreendem-se três proposições (P): [P1] as noções de rotinas e emulação auxiliam na compreensão do constructo práticas; [P2] instintos, hábitos e mitos autorizados explicam o conceito de práxis, em dado contexto temporal e espacial, haja vista o efeito de enraizamento (embeddedness) que tais aspectos exercem no âmbito da cultura organizacional e; [P3] habilidades individuais (skills) caracterizam os praticantes no processo de fazer estratégia (strategizing), sobretudo, o que, como e porque fazem, considerando-se o nível micro de análise. Por fim, apresenta-se um modelo integrador teórico para o campo da estratégia organizacional.
SATISFAÇÃO NO TRABALHO DOS BANCÁRIOS E SEUS FATORES DETERMINANTES – UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
Authors: Correa Rosangela , Camelo Silvia Helena Henriques , Leal Laura Andrian
Published: January 2018

O estudo teve o objetivo de identificar a presença de satisfação no trabalho dos profissionais do setor bancário e o papel da gerência dos serviços. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa e a coleta de dados foi realizada em quatro bases eletrônicas, nos anos de 2015 e 2016. Foram selecionados 21 artigos publicados no período de 2010 a 2016. Os resultados mostraram índices diferenciados de satisfação no trabalho dos profissionais do setor bancário. Dentre os fatores positivos que podem interferir nessa satisfação estão: liderança participativa, ambiente de trabalho saudável e de aprendizagem, treinamento, comprometimento organizacional, entre outros. Conclui-se que os resultados deste estudo possam contribuir para a reflexão dos profissionais das instituições financeiras, bem como gestores da área de saúde do trabalhador, quanto à necessidade de promoção da satisfação no trabalho dos funcionários, considerando que esta pode influenciar potencialmente o ambiente organizacional e trazer consequências para as metas ou resultados esperados pela organização.
Postoje k pohybovým aktivitám u dívek mladšího školního věku
Authors: Holický Jakub , Kaplan Aleš , Honsová Šárka
Published: January 2018

The evaluation of attitudes toward physical activity by children is a very discussion issue by us and abroad. The main objective of this study was to determine the attitudes towards physical activities by girls from Prague (DP) and other region (DM) primary schools. The results were compare by both groups with helped the questionnaire CATPA/Grade Year 3. The questionnaire affects six dimensions of attitudes (social sensibilities, health hazards, social perception, aesthetics and the joy of movement). The research sample consisted of 74 girls (age=10,32±0,12) from the fourth grade of elementary school. Of that, 37 were girls of primary school in Prague (DP) and the rest 37 girls were from outside Prague´s primary school (DM). The results of the study described the attitude to physical activities girls from Prague and outside Prague elementary school elementary school in each dimension questionnaire CATPA/Grade Year 3. The results were compared. The result demonstrated that the dimensions of social engagement, health, danger and joy of movement girls (DM) (M=4,61; SD=0,51) have a more positive attitude towards physical activities than girls (DP) (M=3,95; SD=0,87), in determining the significance level of p<0,05. This research confirmed conclusion Czech and aboard researchers. The results confirm that girls from primary schools outside Prague have a positive relationship to physical activities than girls from primary schools of Prague.
Bezpečnostní politika fotbalového mistrovství Evropy 2012
Authors: Morys Lukáš , Smolík Josef
Published: January 2018

This paper deals with security policy for the European Football Championship 2012 held in Poland and Ukraine. The aim of this study is to identify the most serious security risks arising from the holding of EURO 2012 and to clarify what security procedures and strategies were chosen by the host countries to ensure safe championship. The article also monitors the course of the European Championship in terms of security.
Sportovní hvězdy v malém sportu: výpověď sportovce
Authors: Svoboda Arnošt
Published: January 2018

The article presents initial, partial outputs of the research focused on analysis of „sport stars“ placement in a minor top-level sport – swimming. The study is theoretically grounded in concepts of Pierre Bourdieu (social field and political philosophy of sport) and Howard S. Becker (art worlds). It follows other studies dealing with roles of popular personalities – celebrities or stars – in sports or broader society and examines possibilities of application of the star concept in the sub-field of non-medialised sport. Using outputs of interview with competitive swimmers the article describes specific way of construction of sport stars in view of athletes themselves. Two dimensions are identified: objective (sport club environment and family) and subjective one (personality traits). Concerning the position of stars in sport sub-fields it adds, that so far as the stars fulfil the notion of their fellow swimmers they are seen as bearers of authentic sport ideal with the high symbolical capital. Otherwise, they are criticised by the others or even rejected.
K historii tělesné výchovy a sportu v místním sdružení YMCA v Bratislavě v meziválečném období
Authors: Tlustý Tomáš
Published: January 2018

The presented article discusses the history of physical education and sport in local YMCA union in Bratislava during interwar period. The YMCA contributed the popularization of sports, especially basketball and volleyball. Besides them for example table tennis, track and field, heavy athletics or rugby were also popular among its members. Education of swimming and lifesaving was also part of the YMCA activity. This was the way they tried to prevent the every-year accidents on the Danube River. Its activity in the field of physical education and sport increased after finishing of outbuilding of the YMCA center in 1927. In this outbuilding gym, which was used by members to practice especially during winter season, was placed. Winter trainings had positive influence on improvement of player’s skills especially in basketball and volleyball. Sportsman of the YMCA in Bratislava had never become the republic champions though. In the second half of 1930s the physical education and sport in the YMCA in Bratislava started to be less important. After the split of Czechoslovakia in 1938 the Czechoslovakian YMCA was split as well. After that the YMCA in the Slovakia was prohibited. When the WWII ended, the YMCA in Czechoslovakia was restored, nevertheless in the Slovakia it worked separately.
Vliv statických a dynamických protahovacích cvičení na rozsah kloubní pohyblivosti
Authors: Kabešová Hana , Balkó Štefan
Published: January 2018

The aim of the study was to assess the effect of static and dynamic way of stretching the hamstrings in probands studying physical education and sport at UJEP. Flexibility was diagnosed through a modified Lassegueovy test (SLR). In the present study, we evaluated the differences between the angles of the back of the thigh in the dominant lower limb before and after the application of static and dynamic stretching exercises performed using SLR push or pull. For data collection were used video (2D), which was developed software Dartfish Team Pro Data. With this program were converted to values of the angle distance in centimeters and evaluated. The results showed that there were no significant differences in ROM when exposed to static and dynamic stretching method. Significant differences, however, showed between the initial and final angle dominant lower limb when exposed to dynamic stretching, where the movement was executed swing.
Silové schopnosti a jejich vliv na sportovní výkon v lezení
Authors: Došla Jan , Meško Jan
Published: January 2018

The article discusses the impact of strength abilities on performance in climbing. Strength abilities were measured using two motor tests. It was a test of dynamometry and pull-up hang test. Furthermore, anthropometric variables, which include height, weight and body fat percentage, have been measured. During the research a total of 46 persons have been measured; these were divided into three groups – performance climbers, recreational climbers and non-climbers. Only men have been included in the test. The groups have been compared to each other with statistically significant differences being found in parameters “pull-up hang” and “body fat percentage”. No statistically significant differences between other parameters have been found.
Příjem bílkovin po odporovém tréninku a svalová hypertrofie (přehledová práce)
Authors: Richter Michal , Kumstát Michal
Published: January 2018

Protein intake and resistance training are factors affecting the rate of muscle protein synthesis. Muscle hypertrophy manifests as a result of a positive protein balance between the rate of muscle protein synthesis and muscle protein breakdown. An intake of protein containing essential amino acids in the period after the resistance exercise is a key prerequisite of an effective adaptation. Postprandial hyperaminoacidemia is a key factor in the effectiveness of proteosynthetic processes. The most common types of protein used in sports nutrition include milk protein, egg and soy protein. There are significant differences among them in the context of digestion and essential amino acids resorptio kinetics. Whey protein represents due to the high content of essential amino acids and leucine a superior source and is considered an important anabolic stimuli. An amount of ~20–25 g of whey protein consumed after restistance exercise optimizes conditions for muscle hypertrophy. Appropriate timing of protein intake in close proximity to the load positively affects an athletes attempt to achieve muscle hypertrophy.
Bezpečnostní politika proti diváckému násilí v České republice ve srovnání s evropskými frankofonními zeměmi
Authors: Divišová Vendula
Published: January 2018

The paper deals with the security policy against spectator violence in the Czech Republic in comparison with selected Western European countries. For the purpose of comparison, French-speaking countries, whose security policy in the field is not much discussed, are chosen on purpose; these are France, Belgium and Switzerland. Attention is paid especially to measures targeted on individuals and their risk behavior rather than to relevant institutions in the field. The description of existing measures and the context of their adoption in the selected cases should lead to evaluation of the Czech security measures and to discussion whether it could be helpful to draw more inspiration in the foreign countries besides the countries typically serving as examples in the field, as England, Germany or Netherlands are.
Pilotní ověření testové baterie pohybových dovedností MOBAK jako součást kurikula sportovních her ve školní tělesné výchově
Authors: Trávníček Marek , Vlček Petr , Vrbas Jaroslav , Nykodým Jiří
Published: January 2018

Current elementary school education is based on the Framework education programmes for elementary education. Each educational area contains the characteristics of the educational area, the objectives of the educational area and its educational content. To evaluate the competencies and achieved goals also in physical education we need to create assessment tools which are applicable in the physical education classes and besides others regard also the sport games educational content of the elementary school curricula. The goal of the presented paper is to introduce an international network based on the MOBAK testing battery research. The battery presents one of the options how to test physical skills in elementary school physical education. In the paper we present some results of the pilot examination of the chosen elementary schools in the South-Moravian district of the Czech Republic. Based on the preliminary measurements (n357) we can conclude that our results are similar to the other network countries. We were also able to observe positive attitude toward using the MOBAK 1 testing battery by the participating teachers. As we find important to verify the battery on larger number of respondents we are working on the intensifying the international cooperation.
Veřejné mínění o výstavbě Národního olympijského centra v Nymburce
Authors: Flemr Libor , Vančurová Linda
Published: January 2018

The main objective of this article is to determine public opinion in Nymburk and the surrounding municipalities on the intended construction of the National Olympic Center in Nymburk, based on surveys. The research method used in this survey was interviews – electronic and written questionnaires. The authors’ questionnaire was drawn up to determine public opinion of the construction of the National Olympic Center in Nymburk. Based on the data obtained, it was found out that the public opinion of the construction of the National Olympic Center is largely positive (85% of the respondents). The public is open to this project, people want a modern sport center and support its development despite the large expense and scope of the project.
Ambientalismo Complexo-Multissetorial no Brasil: emergência e declínio na década de 1990?
Authors: Boeira Sergio Luis
Published: January 2018

Busca-se nesse ensaio teórico resgatar interpretações do conceito de ambientalismo complexo-multissetorial especialmente ao longo da década de 1990, por diversos autores, que utilizaram várias disciplinas, com diversos recursos de pesquisa, a fim de reconhecer a complexidade inerente ao fenômeno ao qual o conceito se refere. Ressalta-se como referência teórica a abordagem de complexidade de Edgar Morin, especialmente sua maior obra, em seis volumes (La Méthode). Trata-se de uma das mais ousadas abordagens epistemológicas elaboradas durante três décadas, entre o final do século XX e o início do século atual. Sustenta-se que a epistemologia da complexidade esteve desde o início na base do conceito de ambientalismo complexo-multissetorial. Este conceito surgiu como proposta original no Brasil no início da década de 1990 e permitiu a compreensão da complexidade do fenômeno ambientalista, que envolve muitos setores e classes sociais. O fenômeno ambientalista implica no surgimento de uma nova cultura, uma nova visão de mundo, uma nova forma de pensar a ciência. Conclui-se que, a partir de um enfoque predominantemente disciplinar, disjuntor-redutor, o fenômeno e o conceito emergiram e declinaram na década de 1990. Mas, sob o ponto de vista do pensamento complexo, tanto o fenômeno quanto o conceito são relevantes e continuam expandindo-se, lentamente, conforme avançam as pesquisas inter e transdisciplinares.
Fitoterapia na estratégia de saúde da família: revisão integrativa de literatura
Authors: Silva Rosa de Cássia Miguelino , Souza Rosemeri Melo e
Published: January 2018

Estudos realizados em diferentes regiões brasileiras mostram que os conhecimentos obtidos nas instituições de ensino sobre plantas medicinais e sua indicação terapêutica ainda são insuficientes para a formação dos profissionais de saúde. A Estratégia de Saúde da Família é um espaço que propícia a gestão do cuidado com as plantas medicinais, a ser ensinada e aprendida. Esse é um processo que envolve as categorias profissionais implicando também, em alguma medida, a participação comunitária. Assim, o objetivo deste artigo é identificar o perfil, as motivações, conclusões e recomendações que caracterizem as Práticas Integrativas e Complementares Plantas Medicinais e Fitoterapia na Atenção Básica de Saúde. A amostra foi composta por 13 artigos originais, publicados no período de 2006 a 2014, disponibilizados na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde/Biblioteca Regional de Medicina (BVS/BIREME) e a coleta dos dados foi realizada no período de março a abril de 2015. Utilizou-se como metodologia a organização, categorização e análise dos dados de interesse. Os resultados mostraram que existe um campo de interação de saberes e práticas para enriquecer as possibilidades terapêuticas com plantas medicinais no contexto da Estratégia de Saúde da Família, mediado por relações que podem ser fortalecidas mutuamente pela consolidação da participação, da autonomia e do cuidado integral. Conclui-se que os estudos revisados evidenciam a importância do conhecimento da temática para ampliar a atenção em saúde.
Morphine as a suspect of aiding the propagation of cancer cells
Authors: Shin Yusom
Published: January 2018

Controlling pain in cancer patients is important for several reasons including patient quality of life (QOL). In moderate-to-severe cancer-pain management, opioid analgesics are indispensable. Among these, morphine is the most representative. Unfortunately, many studies have shown that morphine is potentially associated with cancer growth, recurrence, and metastasis. Specifically, in animal as well as in vivo and in vitro studies, morphine has been demonstrated to have possibly positive effects on cancer progression. However, those effects have not yet been confirmed as entirely harmful, for several reasons: the results of animal and laboratory research have not been subjected to clinical trials; there are as yet no well-designed clinical studies, and indeed, some studies have shown that morphine can have negative, suppression effects on tumor growth. This review paper will present some of the data on the potentially positive relationships between morphine and cancer. It should not be forgotten, though, that such relationships remain controversial, and that pain itself promotes cancer progression.
The clinical features and infectious etiologies of acute diarrhea in immunocompromised hosts
Authors: Lee Jin Young , Kim Ye Na , Kim Namho , Cho Kyoung Soon , Park Ji Young
Published: January 2018

Objectives The acute diarrhea is a common complaint among immunocompromised hosts, and may cause life threatening event. The infectious etiologies vary depending on virus, bacteria, and parasites. The most common etiology of acute gastroenteritis is known as enteric virus in Korea. But there are few studies about the infectious etiology of acute gastroenteritis in immunocompromised hosts. The aim of this study was to investigate the infectious etiologies of acute diarrhea in immunocompromised hosts. Methods Seventy three patients were enrolled prospectively in a university hospital from January 2013 to July 2014. Immunocompromised hosts included above 65-year-old people, patients with chronic diseases, solid organ or stem cell transplants, solid organ malignancies, hematologic malignancies, immunosuppressive or steroid taking patients. The clinical data were collected and stool samples collected during diarrhea were undergone laboratory analysis for enteric viruses and bacterial enteropathogens including Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., and Clostridium difficile. Results Fifty five patients were analyzed as follows : above 65 year-old people were 36 cases (66%), previous antibiotic usage was 22 cases (41.5%). 44 cases (81.1%) were admitted to general ward whereas 9 cases to ICU (17%). 41 cases (73.6%) were treated with antibiotics. Positive C. difficile toxin assays were 6 cases (11.9%). Other infectious etiologies were not found. Conclusions C. difficile infection was more common infectious etiology while enteric viruses and other bacteria are not associated with acute diarrhea among immunocompromised hosts in this study. So C. difficile infection must be considered preferentially in immunocompromised hosts with acute diarrhea.
Influence of Orthokeratology Lens on Axial length Elongation and Myopic Progression in Childhood Myopia
Authors: Kim Su Jin , Lee Ji Eun
Published: January 2018

Objectives To investigate the clinical effects of orthokeratology lens wear on inhibition of the myopic progression and axial length elongation in Korean children with myopia. Methods The authors reviewed out-patient records of 37 eyes of 19 patients wearing orthokeratology lenses. The 46 eyes of 23 patients wearing spectacles were included into the control group. We evaluated the relationship between orthokeratology lens wear and control group according to age, initial myopia, initial astigmatism, axial length elongation. Results There were no significant differences between two groups as for age, initial myopia, astigmatism, spherical equivalent, and axial length at baseline (t-test, P > 0.05). Significant reduction of refraction was shown in patients with wearing lenses after 1 year (t-test, P < 0.001). The mean axial length before and after 1 year was 24.62 ± 1.39 mm and 24.73 ± 1.28 mm respectively after lens wearing, and 24.59 ± 0.74 mm and 24.80 ± 0.71 mm respectively after wearing glasses. The axial length elongation was 0.11 ± 0.12 mm, and 0.21 ± 0.07 mm in patients with wearing lenses and glasses, respectively, which showed statistically significant difference (t-test, P < 0.0001). Conclusions The orthokeratology lens was found to be effective in suppression of myopic progression through less axial length elongation, compared with the glasses.
La implicación de los agentes sociales y económicos en el desarrollo rural: una necesidad insatisfecha
Authors: Moyano Pesquera Pedro Benito
Published: January 2018

The rural development policy applied by the European Union during the 2007-2013 pro-gramming period represented an important turning point, as it incorporated a transversal methodological approach reflected in Axis 4. LEADER, which transfers the accumulated experience from 1991 by the LEADER Initiative to the rural development programming. Among other aspects, local actors embedded in the territory are entrusted with the design and implementation of the rural development strategy. These local actors are formally organized in Local Action Groups (LAGs). The aim of this paper is to determine to which extent the 264 LAGs have assumed the philosophy of this rural development approach. To accomplish this objective, we apply amultivariate technique, the Cluster Analysis. This allows for the identification of significant differences between LAGs and their classification in homogeneous clusters.
Repetitive low intensity magnetic field stimulation in a neuronal cell line: A metabolomics study
Authors: Hong Ivan , Garrett Andrew , Maker Garth , Mullaney Ian , Rodger Jennifer , Etherington Sarah J
Published: January 2018

Low intensity repetitive magnetic stimulation of neural tissue modulates neuronal excitability and has promising therapeutic potential in the treatment of neurological disorders. However, the underpinning cellular and biochemical mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study investigates the behavioural effects of low intensity repetitive magnetic stimulation (LI-rMS) at a cellular and biochemical level. We delivered LI-rMS (10 mT) at 1 Hz and 10 Hz (n=5 wells per group) to B50 rat neuroblastoma cells in vitro for 10 minutes and measured levels of selected metabolites immediately after stimulation. LI-rMS at both frequencies depleted selected tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolites without affecting the main energy supplies. Furthermore, LI-rMS effects were frequency-specific with 1 Hz stimulation having stronger effects than 10 Hz. The observed depletion of metabolites was consistent with an increase in GABA release as a result of higher spontaneous activity. Although the absence of organised neural circuits and other cellular contributors (e.g. excitatory neurons and glia) in the B50 cell line limits the degree to which our results can be extrapolated to the human brain, the changes we describe provide novel insights into how LI-rMS modulates neural tissue.
A single, continuous metric to define tiered serum neutralization potency against HIV
Authors: Hraber Peter , Korber Bette , Wagh Kshitij , Montefiori David , Roederer Mario
Published: January 2018

HIV-1 Envelope (Env) variants are grouped into tiers by their neutralization-sensitivity phenotype. This helped to recognize that tier 1 neutralization responses can be elicited readily, but do not protect against new infections. Tier 3 viruses are the least sensitive to neutralization. Because most circulating viruses are tier 2, vaccines that elicit neutralization responses against them are needed. While tier classification is widely used for viruses, a way to rate serum or antibody neutralization responses in comparable terms is needed. Logistic regression of neutralization outcomes summarizes serum or antibody potency on a continuous, tier-like scale. It also tests significance of the neutralization score, to indicate cases where serum response does not depend on virus tiers. The method can standardize results from different virus panels, and could lead to high-throughput assays, which evaluate a single serum dilution, rather than a dilution series, for more efficient use of limited resources to screen samples from vaccinees.