bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lyα Radiative Transfer: Monte Carlo Simulation of the Wouthuysen–Field Effect
Authors: Seon Kwang-il , Kim Chang-Goo
Published: August 2020

A three-dimensional Monte Carlo Lyα radiative transfer (RT) code, named LaRT, is developed to study the Lyα RT and the Wouthuysen–Field (WF) effect. Using the code, we calculate the line profile of Lyα radiation within the multiphase interstellar medium (ISM), with a particular emphasis on gas at low densities. We show that the WF effect is in action: the central portion of the line profile tends to approach a small slice of the Planck function with a color temperature equal to the kinetic temperature of the gas, even in a system with an optical thickness as low as τ
0 ≈ 100–500. We also investigate the effects of the turbulent motion of the ISM on the emergent Lyα spectrum and color temperature. The turbulent motion broadens the emergent spectrum, as generally expected, but the color temperature is not affected by the turbulent motion in typical astrophysical environments. We utilize two multiphase ISM models, appropriate for the vicinity of the Sun, to calculate the 21 cm spin temperature of neutral hydrogen, including excitation via the Lyα resonant scattering. The first ISM model is a simple clumpy model, while the second is a self-consistent magnetohydrodynamics simulation model using the TIGRESS framework. Lyα photons originating from both H ii regions and the collisionally cooling gas are taken into account. We find that the Lyα radiation field is, in general, likely to be strong enough to bring the 21 cm spin temperature of the warm neutral medium close to the kinetic temperature. The escape fraction of Lyα in our ISM models is estimated to be ≈7%–20%.
Assessment of allergenicity of irradiated dairy products in a Balb/c mice model
Authors: Miteva Daniela , Solak Ayten , Dyankova Svetla , Nacheva Iliana , Dimov Krasimir
Published: August 2020

The objective of the presentin vivostudy was to analyze the changes in the immune response of the sensitized Ваlb/c mice against milk allergens in lyophilized cow’s milk (LCM) and whey curd (LC) before and after gamma irradiation (10 kGy). The results showed lower levels of IgE in the group treated with irradiated LCM (ICM) compared to the group treated with non-irradiated LCM (NiCM). Hence, it could be suggested that gamma irradiation influenced the epitopes of the major milk proteins and was associated with lower allergenicity of the lyophilized irradiated milk. The gamma irradiation in the whey curd, however, did not significantly change the level of IgE antibodies in IC (treated with irradiated LC) compared to NiC (treated with non-irradiated LC) group.
Towards a scientific workflow featuring Natural Language Processing for the digitisation of natural history collections
Authors: Owen David , Groom Quentin , Hardisty Alex , Leegwater Thijs , Livermore Laurence , van Walsum Myriam , Wijkamp Noortje , Spasić Irena
Published: August 2020

We describe an effective approach to automated text digitisation with respect to natural history specimen labels. These labels contain much useful data about the specimen including its collector, country of origin, and collection date. Our approach to automatically extracting these data takes the form of a pipeline. Recommendations are made for the pipeline's component parts based on state-of-the-art technologies.

Optical Character Recognition (OCR) can be used to digitise text on images of specimens. However, recognising text quickly and accurately from these images can be a challenge for OCR. We show that OCR performance can be improved by prior segmentation of specimen images into their component parts. This ensures that only text-bearing labels are submitted for OCR processing as opposed to whole specimen images, which inevitably contain non-textual information that may lead to false positive readings. In our testing Tesseract OCR version 4.0.0 offers promising text recognition accuracy with segmented images.

Not all the text on specimen labels is printed. Handwritten text varies much more and does not conform to standard shapes and sizes of individual characters, which poses an additional challenge for OCR. Recently, deep learning has allowed for significant advances in this area. Google's Cloud Vision, which is based on deep learning, is trained on large-scale datasets, and is shown to be quite adept at this task. This may take us some way towards negating the need for humans to routinely transcribe handwritten text.

Determining the countries and collectors of specimens has been the goal of previous automated text digitisation research activities. Our approach also focuses on these two pieces of information. An area of Natural Language Processing (NLP) known as Named Entity Recognition (NER) has matured enough to semi-automate this task. Our experiments demonstrated that existing approaches can accurately recognise location and person names within the text extracted from segmented images via Tesseract version 4.0.0.

We have highlighted the main recommendations for potential pipeline components. The paper also provides guidance on selecting appropriate software solutions. These include automatic language identification, terminology extraction, and integrating all pipeline components into a scientific workflow to automate the overall digitisation process.
Journal de déconfinement
Authors: Le Blanc Guillaume
Published: August 2020

Le plus surprenant dans les épreuves que nous traversons n’est pas tant qu’elles nous accablent, mais que l’on puisse s’en remettre, oublier, et que la vie reprenne comme s’il ne s’était rien passé. Ce journal est la mémoire vive d’une épreuve vécue à l’échelle mondiale, celle d’un confinement lié à la pandémie, puis de la bascule dans le déconfinement et les inquiétudes qu’il suscite, avec les exigences d’une réflexion philosophique attentive aux intenses remaniements psychiques durant cette période, comme aux transformations politiques en cours.
L’État à l’âge de la crise sanitaire
Authors: Roussellier Nicolas
Published: August 2020

La pandémie de Covid-19 a provoqué un grand nombre de bouleversements dans la vie sociale. Mais l’État semble avoir bien résisté. L’obéissance à l’État contraste avec la défiance à l’encontre des instances politiques. Mais il y a un paradoxe : par certains côtés, l’État apparaît fort ; par d’autres, du fait d’une absence de stratégie, il est visiblement faillible et peut être mis en procès. Cela peut soit renforcer la démocratie par reconnaissance de ses erreurs, soit l’affaiblir en accentuant la crise de confiance.
Les territoires face à l’adaptation au changement climatique
Authors: Boissier Fabrice
Published: August 2020

L’adaptation au changement climatique est aussi incontournable que la réduction des gaz à effet de serre, si nous voulons que nos sociétés traversent le XXI e  siècle dans des conditions acceptables. L’enjeu de l’adaptation est bien sûr mondial, mais la diversité des territoires, des sociétés et de leurs vulnérabilités impose d’avoir une approche différenciée, suivant les pays. L’analyse est ici restreinte au cas français, en l’abordant principalement du point de vue des territoires.
Malaise dans l’économie sociale et solidaire
Authors: Russo Pascale Dominique
Published: August 2020

Une marchandisation croissante affecte les entreprises de l’économie sociale et solidaire. Soumises à la concurrence et aux appels d’offres, de grandes associations mettent très souvent une pression démesurée sur leurs salariés et nombreux sont ceux qui font des burn-out. Des mutuelles d’assurance et de santé, confrontées au privé lucratif, fusionnent et prennent des virages stratégiques radicaux, engendrant des conditions de travail parfois très douloureuses. La déception est grande.
Freud et les sciences de la vie
Authors: Kapsambelis Vassilis
Published: August 2020

De par sa formation initiale et son projet d’une psychologie scientifique (ou métapsychologie), Freud développe une pensée biologique tout au long de son œuvre. Trois étapes de cette pensée peuvent être décrites. La première conçoit le psychisme à partir de cerveau ; elle est la plus proche des neurosciences d’aujourd’hui. On lui doit toute la première topique, et l’ensemble de théorisations relatives au fonctionnement mental. La deuxième est basée sur la sexualité humaine et ses particularités, notamment son caractère dysphasique, permettant de comprendre ce que Freud entend par pulsion en dernière analyse, à savoir la recherche d’un objet en dehors du corps propre. La troisième est inaugurée par la vaste spéculation sur la pulsion de mort, et elle interroge le principe de vie : dans quelle mesure l’équilibre entre construction et destruction est essentiel à la perpétuation de la vie elle-même, la notion d’éros devenant le principe même qui permet de tenir ensemble ces deux tendances opposées.
La pulsion de vie ou Éros sans sexe
Authors: Denis Paul
Published: August 2020

La « pulsion de vie » apparaît comme un sous-produit de la « pulsion de mort ». Freud renverse la théorie des pulsions qu’il a élaborée à partir de l’étude la sexualité humaine, reconnue comme une activité du psychisme. Il pense pouvoir expliquer la biologie en y transposant le modèle métapsychologique. Il dote ainsi les cellules elles-mêmes d’une sexualité qui les conduit à s’associer pour créer des ensembles pluricellulaires. À partir du postulat « le but de toute vie est la mort » il fait de la vie psychique et sexuelle un épiphénomène qui n’a d’autre sens que de retarder la mort. Il ne s’agit pas de l’application d’un modèle biologique, d’une métaphore biologique, pour imager le fonctionnement du psychisme, mais de résoudre « l’énigme de la vie », de la vie biologique elle-même. Dans ce mouvement les pulsions sexuelles deviennent pulsions de vie, puis « pulsion de vie » qui sous le nom d’Éros doit « maintenir la cohésion de la matière vivante ».
Rencontre avec Ziva Postec : « Comment j’ai monté le film Shoah , par Ziva Postec », suivi d’un entretien avec Évelyne Chauvet
Authors: Postec Ziva , Chauvet Évelyne
Published: August 2020

Comment faire un film de cinéma avec 300 heures d’interviews ? Comment faire parler le néant ? Comment rendre imaginable l’inimaginable ? Comment présentifier le passé ? Comment favoriser l’identification des spectateurs aux victimes ? Comment résister à ses propres émotions ? Deux années après la sortie du film Shoah de Claude Lanzmann, en août 1987, la chef monteuse Ziva Postec revient sur le travail qu’elle a effectué durant près de six années. L’entretien avec Évelyne Chauvet qui suit son texte donne une autre mesure de cette expérience éprouvante, mais vitale pour l’auteure, interroge une certaine proximité avec la méthode analytique, la resitue dans son parcours professionnel depuis Pourquoi Israël de Lanzmann en 1972, et ouvre à ses autres travaux dont la co-production et le montage en 2018 de Israël, le voyage interdit de Jean-Pierre Lledo.
Considérations sur la vie et sur la mort
Authors: Letarte Paulette , Denis Paul
Published: August 2020

L’auteur, à partir de la surprise de constater chez elle son ignorance inconsciente de la mort, souligne à quel point la mort est absente de l’inconscient, en particulier chez l’enfant en général, mais aussi chez une patiente suicidaire. Elle illustre cette dualité : connaissance consciente et méconnaissance inconsciente de la mort par ses conversations avec une dame fort âgée, 96 ans, chez qui elle ranime un projet : devenir la centenaire du quartier. Le mouvement dépressif qui la faisait se résigner s’estompe au fil des entretiens pour faire place à une solide volonté de vivre. On ne voit pas la trace de l’ombre de la « pulsion de mort » dans cet exemple.
Temporalité psychique et théorie de l’évolution aux origines de la pensée de Freud : l’étude des anguilles et l’influence de Carl Claus
Authors: Alberto Cornejo Portilla Rodrigo
Published: August 2020

L’étude de Freud sur la sexualité humaine a entraîné une révolution copernicienne dans la conception temporelle des expériences de l’enfance par rapport à la vie adulte. Ces premières expériences produisent un matériau mnésique qui seulement après coup ( nachträglich ) viendra constituer une place et une fonction définie pour le sujet : le psychique inconscient. En ce sens, le postulat d’une causalité psychique organisant les processus animiques signifie, entre autres, la remise en question du modèle classique du temps en Occident. Le rapport de Freud à ces questions cruciales est déjà présent dans son premier travail scientifique à l’Université de Vienne, où il est confronté à des problèmes liés à la différenciation sexuelle et à l’hétérochronie des êtres vivants.
Proceso de reparación de carriles de tranvía de acero aleado con vanadio y su validación mediante modelado por elementos finitos (MEF)
Authors: Galán-Rivera Daniel R. , Orviz-Theodosius Manuel J. , Vigil Miguel , Miranda Daniel , Belzunce-Varela Francisco J.
Published: August 2020

La reparación in-situ de los carriles de tranvía mediante soldeo por arco eléctrico es un proceso ampliamente extendido que se utilizar para incrementar la vida útil en servicio de los carriles. Sin embargo, las nuevas resinas poliméricas empleadas en los embebidos de estas vías limitan las temperaturas que se pueden alcanzar en la reparación, ya que por encima de 170 ºC, la mayoría de estos polímeros se degradan. Por esta razón, es necesario desarrollar un proceso de soldeo rápido, seguro y económicamente viable, que al mismo tiempo garantice que los carriles no superan dicha temperatura en la superficie de contacto citada. En este estudio, se realizó la reparación de un acero de carril R290V (aleado con vanadio) mediante la deposición de un metal de aporte inoxidable mayoritariamente austenítico a través de un proceso de soldeo por arco eléctrico e hilo tubular (FCAW). El procedimiento de soldeo aplicado se ha diseñado y validado mediante simulación numérica por elementos finitos, habiéndose demostrado la posibilidad de realizar el recargue “in situ” del carril de tranvía sin que en la región del embebido se superen 140 ºC y sin que se forme martensita en ningún punto de la Zona Afectada Térmicamente (ZAT).
Learning Algebra using Augmented Reality: A Preliminary Investigation on the Application of Photomath for Lower Secondary Education
Authors: Saundarajan Kartigeyan , Osman Sharifah , Kumar Jeya Amantha , Daud Mohd Fadzil , Abu Mohd Salleh , Pairan Mohamad Rasidi
Published: August 2020

This study aims to determine the effect of Photomath mobile application on the achievement and attitude of learning algebraic equations for lower secondary school students in Malaysia. Photomath is a free mobile application, for both ios and android platforms, which uses computer vision and image understanding technology to scan math equations using the mobile camera to subsequently provide worked solutions. The application recognises equations of both printed and handwritten in nature and provides step-by-step calculations and graphical solutions. In this study, data were collected from 33 lower secondary students through pre and post-test and questionnaire. Data from pre-test and post-test were used to investigate the performance of students after the application of Photomath, whereas the questionnaire was used to identify the attitude of students towards the application of Photomath in learning algebraic equations, regarding belief and readiness aspects. Different mean scores for pre-test and post-test were tested, and hypothesis testing using a t-test was used. Data from the questionnaire were analysed using descriptive statistics. This study has found that the application of Photomath significantly enhances the learning of algebraic equations among Form Two students. However, the participants’ belief and readiness towards Photomath are still at a moderate level.
The Use of Smartphones as an Educational Tool in the Classroom: Lecturers’ Perceptions
Authors: Wali Ahmad Zahir , Omaid Mohammad Ehsan
Published: August 2020

This paper aims to study the lecturers’ perceptions toward the use of smartphone as an educational tool in classroom. The study also investigates the benefits and perceived barriers of smartphone use by students in classroom from the lecturers’ perspective. A quantitative research design was employed and data from a random sample of 50 lecturers of Kandahar University was collected using a questionnaire. The data was analysed by descriptive statistics using SPSS v24 software. The findings revealed that the lecturers allow the use of smartphone as an educational tool in classroom for all its functions except for the use of social media. The findings also indicated that the lecturers perceive the use of smartphone by the students in classrooms to be beneficial for students in their learning in various ways. Moreover, the findings showed no major perceived barriers by the lecturers’ for the students’ use of smartphones in classroom.
Enhancing Learners’ Academic Performances Using Student Centered Approaches
Authors: Jaiswal Preeti , Al-Hattami Abdulghani
Published: August 2020

Abstract- Contemporary higher education institutions place students at the centre of their thinking and emphasize on student centered approaches to help learners construct knowledge during their learning paths in higher education. The study was guided by Bloom’s taxonomy in designing learning outcomes, incorporating engaging learning activities and assessing learning outcomes. Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives provides a hierarchical classification system that classifies thinking abilities from basic information acquisition to more complex processes. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of using the hierarchical instructional set of cognitive processes delineated in Bloom’s taxonomy for boosting learners’ vocabulary competency in English language learning, in higher education. The sample for this study consisted of 39 students (nine males and thirty females) who were studying course entitled English for Business in Department of English Language & Literature, College of Arts, during the academic year 2018-19 at University of Bahrain. The course aims to enhance learners’ language skills to enable them to communicate constructively in various business contexts. The results revealed that Bloom’s learning approach was successful in augmenting learners ’retention and transfer of productive and receptive vocabulary in language learning and conducive for promoting proficiency in English vocabulary knowledge.
The Development and Application of Interactive Multimedia in Project-Based Learning to Enhance Students' Achievement for 2D Animation Making
Authors: Untari Rahmania Sri , Kamdi Waras , Dardiri Ahmad , Hadi Syamsul , Nurhadi Didik
Published: August 2020

Enhancing the quality of student competencies effectively cannot be separated from the development of learning resources through technological innovation. In-teractive multimedia is an innovative learning resource that can be integrated with Project-Based Learning, which is a solution to the problems that occur for 2D Animation Making. The purpose of this study is to develop interactive multime-dia and assess the effectiveness of its application in Project-Based Learning (PjBL) for 2D animation making. The researchers applied the Research and De-velopment method using the 4D model. This study was conducted at the Univer-sitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo, with a total of 66 students of Information Tech-nology Education. Based on the results of the study, validation by material and media experts showed that interactive multimedia learning media is excellent and feasible to use. The effectiveness of the application of interactive multimedia in PjBL has a significant positive effect on learning achievement for making 2D an-imations.
Development of an Instructional System Design Model as a Guideline for Lecturers in Creating a Course Using Blended Learning Approach
Authors: Chaeruman Uwes Anis , Wibawa Basuki , Syahrial Zulfiati
Published: August 2020

Blended learning is not just merely blending face-to-face and online learning. The biggest challenge is making the right mix of relevant learning settings and teaching strategies to meet the learning outcomes. The latest study showed that research focusing on the instructional system design (ISD) model developments, especially related to blended learning approach, were still limited. This study aims to develop an ISD model that can provide a guideline for lecturers in creating a good course using a blended learning approach. This study applied a formative research method. A series of formative evaluation using several formative data collection techniques were used. They were expert review, one-to-one evaluations, and field tests. This study involved 242 respondents, consists of 7 instructional design and e-learning experts, and 235 lecturers. After conducted a series of formative evaluation stages, respondents able to create a good quality course using the ISD model developed.  Most of them get fair and low scores on the field test 1. The score increased significantly on the field test 2, where 33.6% get excellent scores, 48.2% get good scores, and 28.2% get fair scores. The score also increased significantly on field test 3 60.5% get excellent scores, 33.6% get good scores, and only 5.9% get poor scores. Hence, it can be concluded that the ISD model developed is feasible and usable. It can be used by higher education lecturers in Indonesia as a guideline in creating a course using blended learning approach.
Investigating EFL Learners’ Readiness of Using Smartphone and Problems for Learning Oral English Communication Skills at Tertiary Level in an EFL Context
Authors: Ibna Seraj Prodhan Mahbub , Habil Hadina , Hasan Md. Kamrul
Published: August 2020

Although extensive research has been carried out to investigate EFL learners’ readiness of using smartphone and problems in EFL contexts, there remains a scarcity of evidence on EFL learners’ readiness of using smartphone and problems for learning oral English communication skills at tertiary level in EFL context, especially in Bangladesh. The present study was conducted to explore Bangladeshi tertiary level learners’ readiness of using smartphone and problems for learning oral English communication skills. This study employed a mixed-method design, using a survey questionnaire and semi-structured interview as data collection instruments. The participants of this study were sixty-one learners (35 females and 26 males) who were studying at the department of English of a university. The findings from the questionnaire illustrated that EFL learners’ level of readiness of using a smartphone was high and the frequent problems they faced were authentic materials, audio-video aids, oral practice environment, large size class and existing teaching method. Similarly, the findings of semi-structured interview emerged three themes regarding EFL learners’ readiness were availability, usability and positivity for the use of smartphone and four themes regarding EFL learners’ problems, such as psychological, linguistic, teachers’ efficacy and use of mother tongue and for learning oral English communication skills.
Le Jari
Authors: Le Tourneau François-Michel , Greissing Anna
Published: August 2020

Extrêmement difficile d'accès pour sa plus grande partie, située aux confins de la Guyane française et du Brésil, la région du Jari a fasciné les colonisateurs et les a aimantés pendant plusieurs siècles. On y a cherché l'Eldorado, le lac Manoa ou plus prosaïquement (mais cela revient au même) de fabuleuses mines d'or. Une rude compétition entre la France et le Brésil a rendu un verdict amer pour la première, vainqueur de la bataille de la connaissance avec des explorateurs comme Jules Crevaux et Henri Coudreau, mais défaite dans la bataille diplomatique, qui donna au Brésil le bassin du Jari il y a un peu plus d'un siècle.

L'histoire et la configuration actuelle de ce territoire en font à la fois un symbole et un condensé de l'histoire de toute l'Amazonie brésilienne. Le Jari a tout connu, et dans la plupart des cas en excès : des dizaines d'explorateurs, allant de nobles français à des scientifiques de l'Allemagne nazie, croisant en tous sens des régions supposées impénétrables et entrant en contact avec des ethnies jusque-là inconnues ; un baron du caoutchouc qui construira l'un des plus grands latifundios du monde ; un projet industriel majeur, commandé par un milliardaire américain qui y perdra partiellement son combat contre la nature amazonienne ; des forêts immenses et intactes contrastant avec des bidonvilles sur pilotis ; des orpailleurs, des ruées vers l'or et, aujourd'hui, la plus vaste mosaïque continue d'aires protégées du monde...

Fruit d'une abondante documentation historique restituée par de très nombreuses illustrations, cet ouvrage cherche à retracer l'histoire de ce territoire fascinant, et à en montrer les dynamiques actuelles, y compris les plus récentes explorations, comme l'expédition géographique menée en 2011 qui a permis de remonter le Jari et son affluent le Mapaoni jusqu'à la borne de trijonction Brésil/Surinam/ Guyane française.
Autodelen in het Brussels Gewest
Authors: Wiegmann Mareile , Keserü Imre , Macharis Cathy
Published: August 2020

Het doel van deze factsheet is om de punten van verschil en overeenkomst tussen de gebruikersprofielen van station-based en free-floating autodeeldiensten te belichten op basis van de analyse van een enquête bij 5 375 gebruikers van autodeeldiensten in Brussel. Uit de analyse blijkt dat bij free-floating autodelen meer gebruikers een eigen wagen bezitten en van het mannelijke geslacht zijn en dat ze iets jonger zijn. Beiden soorten van autodeeldiensten trekken hoogopgeleiden aan en worden ongeveer één tot drie keer per maand gebruikt. Alle twee de diensten worden duidelijk om verschillende redenen gebruikt, maar bij de gebruikers van free-floating autodelen zien we dat hun verplaatsingsredenen uiteenlopender zijn en dat meer van hen een eigen wagen bezit. Daarnaast verklaren de gebruikers dat ze minder vaak een privéwagen gebruiken sinds ze lid geworden zijn van een autodeeldienst. De impact op het openbaar vervoer blijft onduidelijk, hoewel de free-floating autodelers hun verplaatsingen met het openbaar vervoer deels hebben vervangen door autodelen.
Impacts of Factor Lightning and Surge Protection for Photovoltaic Power Generator on Distribution System
Authors: Rugthaicharoencheep Nattachote , Maigan Jirawat
Published: August 2020

This research paper presents the analysis of factor lightning protection for photovoltaic power generation. The question of the safety of lightning protection systems in photovoltaic power generation, especially under severe weather conditions such as thunderstorms. Therefore, a simple model of a photovoltaic power generation was developed, which included the arrangement of a conventional photovoltaic panel. The effect of lightning is also simulated by the pattern of lightning currents. It is also found that the size of the panel mounting structure and the point of lightning conduction induce the induced voltage at the junctions of the photovoltaic panel. Based on the results of the impulse current analysis, the intensity of the lightning current is increasing rapidly. All these factors will be taken into consideration in order to design a protective system.
Effect of Sputtering Current on the Structure of TiCrN Thin Films Prepared from Mosaic Target by Reactive DC Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Alaksanasuwan Siriwat , Buranawong Adisorn , Witit-Anun Nirun
Published: August 2020

TiCrN thin films have been prepared using a reactive DC magnetron sputtering system from a mosaic target. The effects of sputtering current, in the range of 300 to 700 mA, on the structure of the thin films were investigated. The crystal structure, microstructure, thickness, and composition were characterized by GI-XRD, FE-SEM and EDS technique, respectively. The results revealed that all the as-deposited films were formed as a (Ti,Cr)N solid solution. The as-deposited TiCrN films showed a nanostructure with a crystallite size less than 70 nm. The crystal sizes of all planes were in the range of 22.2 to 69.9 nm. The lattice constants were in the range of 4.149 Å to 4.175 Å. The thickness increases from 1630 nm to 4910 nm with increasing the sputtering current. The elemental composition (Ti Cr and N contents) of the as-deposited films were varied with the sputtering current. Lastly, the all of the thin films in this work showed compact columnar and dense morphology as a resulted of increasing the sputtering current.
Vibration and Wave Propagation Characteristic Analysis of Periodic Auxetic Star-Shaped Structure System
Authors: Yeh Jia Yi
Published: August 2020

In this paper, vibration and wave propagation characteristics of auxetic metamaterial of the star-shaped structure system are studied. The plane wave expansion method is adopted to investigate and calculate the band structures of the auxetic star-shaped structure system. Besides, the frequency ranges of the complete bandgaps are also obtained and discussed. Then, the COMSOL® finite element software is utilized to solve wave propagation characteristics within the periodic auxetic star-shaped honeycomb structures. After that, the auxetic star-shaped structure devices made by 3D printed machine are used to measure the experimental results and also compared with numerical results. It can be seen that good agreements can be found in the discussions.
On Material Removal Mechanism in High Speed Single Grit Scratch-Grinding of Cryo-Treated Al2024-T351 Aluminium Alloy
Authors: Satpathy Sweety , Ghosh Amitava
Published: August 2020

Feasibility of utilizing cryogenic technology to improve the shearability of Al2024-T351 alloy is experimentally investigated by carrying out a single grit scratch-grinding test. A single grit brazed diamond grinding tool is developed for the study. Al2024-T351 work specimens are treated with liquid nitrogen for 6 hours before the scratch test. Although there was no significant change in the tensile strength of the material, the surface experiences change in the microhardness. It helps in arresting the side flow and ploughing of the material during high speed scratch grinding. The scratched grooves on cryo-treated samples, compare to those of untreated specimens, shows signs of cleaner shear-cuts, superior finish and produces less grinding force during grinding
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Cutting Characteristics of PA6/PE Nylon Film Subjected to Wedge Indentation Process
Authors: Nguyen Hanh C. , Nagasawa Shigeru
Published: August 2020

In this research work, we aim to evaluate the cutting resistance and deformation of a laminated nylon film subjected to a 42o wedged indentation. One of the problems occurred in the wedge indentation process is the unstable separation and quality of the sheared profile of the worksheet. In order to reveal the effect of cutting parameters on the cutting features, the indentation experiment of 0.16 mm thickness of Polyamide-6/ Polyethylene nylon film (PA6/PE) was conducted; the cutting line force was gotten using a recording unit; the bent-up angle and sheared profile of the worksheet were observed using a high-speed camera. From the experiment results, it was found that the cutting direction was an important factor affected to the bent-up angle and cutting load response of the nylon film. Also, the effect of cutting direction (PA6-PE and PE-PA6) of the nylon film was numerically investigated.
Recovery of Silver from Solar Panel Waste: An Experimental Study
Authors: Wongnaree Natcha , Kritsarikun Woranittha , Ma-ud Natthicha , Kansomket Chatisa , Udomphol Tapany , Khumkoa Sakhob
Published: August 2020

The aim of this study was to develop a recycling process to recover silver metal from solar panel waste. Experimental procedure consisted of mechanical/physical separation, leaching of silver from silicon wafer and precipitation to retrieve silver chloride (AgCl) precipitate. The precipitated AgCl was reduced to silver precipitate form which was subsequently heated up to produce silver metal. The leaching process was first conducted by using 4 M of nitric acid for 24 hrs. The silver-containing leached solution would then be added by sodium chloride solution to precipitate AgCl. The precipitate was filtrated out from the solution and was rinsed with water ready for further step. The rinsed precipitate was dissolved in water, then sucrose and sodium hydroxide were added to achieve precipitated silver. Finally, the precipitated silver was burned with acetylene gas to finally obtain silver metal. Base on the experiment the purity of silver metal of 99.98% can be achieved and by considering recycling of solar panel of 1,000 kg the recycling product of pure silver of 0.23 kg could be acquired.
Smelting Reduction of Spent Catalyst Containing Nickel: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Laungsakulthai Kitti , Chandakhiaw Thanapon , Wongnaree Natcha , Thampiriyanon Jirapracha , Kritsarikun Woranittha , Khumkoa Sakhob
Published: August 2020

The aim of this research was to study the recycling process and the feasibility to smelt the spent nickel catalyst for the production of nickel alloy or ferronickel. The smelting process was carried out in a laboratory induction furnace. The effects of SiO2/CaO for slag forming on metal recovery and smelting time were investigated. Petroleum coke was used as reductant. Mill scale was used as an iron resource for ferro-alloy production, while CaO was used as slag forming agent. The raw materials were mixed together and put into a graphite crucible, which was then placed in the induction furnace. After the melt was completed, the melt was poured into a mold to solidify. The chemical composition of the product was analyzed by XRF and XRD. It was found that the smelting time was decreased with increasing SiO2/CaO from 1.0 to 2.3. For nickel alloy production, increasing of SiO2/CaO increased the weight of metal product. For the ferronickel production, however, the weight of metal product was found not to vary with different ratio of SiO2/CaO.
Improvement of Poly(Lactic Acid) Properties by Ethylene-Octene Copolymer and Organoclay
Authors: Wacharawichanant Sirirat , Hanjai Paweena , Khongaio Sanya , Phankokkruad Manop
Published: August 2020

The work studied the morphological, mechanical and thermal properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/ethylene-octene copolymer (EOC) blends before and after adding the montmorillonite clay surface modified with 25-30% of octadecylamine (clay-ODA). The PLA/EOC blends and composites were prepared by melt mixing in an internal mixer. The EOC contents were 5, 10, 20, 30 wt% and clay-ODA contents were 1 and 3 phr. The morphology analysis showed that the addition of clay-ODA could improve the miscibility of PLA and EOC phases due to the domain size of dispersed EOC phase decreased with increasing clay-ODA content. X-ray diffraction revealed the formation of intercalated/exfoliated structure in PLA/clay-ODA and PLA blend composites. The mechanical properties showed that the impact strength of PLA/EOC blends dramatically increased with increasing EOC content up to 10 wt%. The strain at break of PLA blends increased with increasing EOC content. Moreover, the incorporation of clay-ODA increased significantly Young’s modulus of PLA and PLA/EOC blends with increasing clay-ODA content. The thermal stability of PLA/EOC blends improved with the addition of a small amount of clay-ODA.
Graphene Hypersurface for Manipulation of THz Waves
Authors: Dash Sasmita , Liaskos Christos , Akyildiz Ian F. , Pitsillides Andreas
Published: August 2020

In this work, we investigated graphene hypersurface (HSF) for the manipulation of THz waves. The graphene HSF structure is consists of a periodic array of graphene unit cells deposited on silicon substrate and terminated by a metallic ground plane. The performance of the proposed HSF is numerically analyzed. Electromagnetic parameters of HSF such as permeability, permittivity, and impedance are studied. The proposed graphene HSF has active control over absorption, reflection, and transmission of THz waves. The graphene HSF provides perfect absorption, zero reflection and zero transmission at resonance. Moreover, the graphene HSF structure has the advantage of anomalous reflection and frequency reconfiguration. Incident waves can be reflected in the desired direction, depending on the phase gradient of the HSF and the perfect absorption is maintained at all reconfigurable frequencies upon reconfiguration. The results reveal the effectiveness of the graphene HSF for the manipulation of THz waves.
Impact of Graphene Thickness on EM Modelling of Antenna
Authors: Dash Sasmita , Liaskos Christos , Akyildiz Ian F. , Pitsillides Andreas
Published: August 2020

This paper presents illustrative electromagnetic modelling and simulation of graphene antenna using a two-dimensional graphene sheet of zero thickness and a three-dimensional graphene slab of finite thickness. The properties of the antenna are analyzed in terms of the S11 parameter, input impedance, VSWR, radiation pattern, and frequency reconfiguration using the full-wave electromagnetic simulator. Furthermore, this work numerically studies the modelling of graphene antenna using a three-dimensional graphene thin slab and the impact of graphene slab thickness on the performance of graphene antenna.
B Cell αv Integrins Regulate TLR-Driven Autoimmunity
Authors: Acharya Mridu , Raso Fiona , Sagadiev Sara , Gilbertson Emily , Kadavy Lauren , Li Quan Z. , Yan Mei , Stuart Lynda M. , Hamerman Jessica A. , Lacy-Hulbert Adam
Published: August 2020

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is defined by loss of B cell tolerance, resulting in production of autoantibodies against nucleic acids and other cellular Ags. Aberrant activation of TLRs by self-derived RNA and DNA is strongly associated with SLE in patients and in mouse models, but the mechanism by which TLR signaling to self-ligands is regulated remains poorly understood. In this study, we show that αv integrin plays a critical role in regulating B cell TLR signaling to self-antigens in mice. We show that deletion of αv from B cells accelerates autoantibody production and autoimmune kidney disease in the Tlr7.1 transgenic mouse model of SLE. Increased autoimmunity was associated with specific expansion of transitional B cells, extrafollicular IgG2c-producing plasma cells, and activation of CD4 and CD8 T cells. Our data show that αv-mediated regulation of TLR signaling in B cells is critical for preventing autoimmunity and indicate that loss of αv promotes escape from tolerance. Thus, we identify a new regulatory pathway in autoimmunity and elucidate upstream signals that adjust B cell activation to prevent development of autoimmunity in a mouse model.
IL-33–Stimulated Murine Mast Cells Polarize Alternatively Activated Macrophages, Which Suppress T Cells That Mediate Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Finlay Conor M. , Cunningham Kyle T. , Doyle Benjamin , Mills Kingston H. G.
Published: August 2020

IL-33 is known to promote type 2 immune responses through ST2, a component of the IL-33R complex, expressed primarily on mast cells, Th2 cells, group 2 innate lymphoid cells and regulatory T cells, and to a lesser extent, on NK cells and Th1 cells. Consistent with previous studies, we found that IL-33 polarized alternatively activated macrophages (AAMΦ) in vivo. However, in vitro stimulation of murine bone marrow–derived or peritoneal macrophages with IL-33 failed to promote arginase activity or expression of YM-1 or Retnla, markers of AAMΦ. Furthermore, macrophages have low/no basal expression of ST2. This suggested that alternative activation of macrophages may involve an IL-33–responsive third-party cell. Because mast cells have the highest expression of ST2 relative to other leukocytes, we focused on this cell type. Coculture experiments showed that IL-33–stimulated mast cells polarized AAMΦ through production of soluble factors. IL-33–stimulated mast cells produced a range of cytokines, including IL-6 and IL-13. Mast cell–derived IL-13 was required for induction of AAMΦ, whereas mast cell–derived IL-6 enhanced macrophage responsiveness to IL-13 via upregulation of the IL-4Rα receptor. Furthermore, we found that AAMΦ polarized by IL-33–stimulated mast cells could suppress proliferation and IL-17 and IFN-γ production by T cells. Finally, we show that AAMΦ polarized by IL-33–stimulated mast cells attenuated the encephalitogenic function of T cells in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model. Our findings reveal that IL-33 can promote immunosuppressive responses by polarizing AAMΦ via mast cell–derived IL-6 and IL-13.
The ordination of Catholic women as deacons: The state of the question
Authors: Rakoczy Susan
Published: August 2020

The report of a commission set up by Pope Francis to study the question of women as deacons in the Catholic Church was issued in May 2019. Whilst it is well known that the Catholic Church refuses to ordain women, the form of the diaconate being discussed is that of the ‘permanent diaconate’ for men, which was established after the Second Vatican Council (1962–1965). This article first discusses how this issue has arisen, clarifies the types of deacons and reviews the reasons why the Catholic Church refuses to ordain women. It then looks at Scripture and the history of the Church to assess the historical role of women deacons. The issue of women’s ordination emerged after Vatican II (1962–1965). Women’s ministries have grown immensely since then and this is a factor in the question about the ordination of women deacons. There are important theological issues involved in the study around women deacons. Lastly, the article raises questions about the future of this issue under Pope Francis and his successors.Contribution: The issue of the ordination of women deacons in the Roman Catholic Church is a current and contentious issue. This article reviews the historical evidence for women deacons and the views of theologians and Church leaders in order to assess whether there are grounds for hope.
Application and efficacy of reconstructing forked corpus spongiosum in distal/midshaft hypospadias repair
Authors: Zhang Bin , Bi Yun-Li , Ruan Shuang-Sui
Published: August 2020

We reviewed our experience in reconstructing forked corpus spongiosum (FCS) in distal/midshaft hypospadias repair and analyzed the efficacy of this surgical technique. From August 2013 to December 2018, 137 consecutive cases of distal/midshaft hypospadias operated by the same surgeon in Urology Department, Children's Hospital of Fudan University (Shanghai, China), were retrospectively analyzed. Sixty-four patients who underwent routine tubularized incised plate (TIP) or onlay island flap (ONLAY) surgery were included in the nonreconstructing group, and 73 patients who underwent reconstructing FCS during TIP or ONLAY surgery were included as the reconstructing group. Thirty-eight cases underwent TIP, and 26 underwent ONLAY in the nonreconstructing group, with a median follow-up of 44 (range: 30–70) months. Twenty-seven cases underwent TIP, and 46 underwent ONLAY in the reconstructing group, with a median follow-up of 15 (range: 6–27) months. In the nonreconstructing/reconstructing groups, the mean age at the time of surgery was 37.55 (standard deviation [s.d.]: 29.65)/35.23 (s.d.: 31.27) months, the mean operation duration was 91.95 (s.d.: 12.17)/93.84 (s.d.: 14.91) min, the mean neourethral length was 1.88 (s.d.: 0.53)/1.94 (s.d.: 0.53) cm, and the mean glans width was 11.83 (s.d.: 1.32)/11.56 (s.d.: 1.83) mm. Twelve (18.8%)/5 (6.8%) postoperative complications occurred in the nonreconstructing/reconstructing groups. These included fistula (5/2), glans dehiscence (3/0), diverticulum (1/2), residual chordee (3/0), and meatus stenosis (0/1) in each group. There was a significant difference in the overall rate of complications (P = 0.035). These results indicate that the technique of reconstructing FCS provides excellent outcomes with fewer complications in distal/midshaft hypospadias repair.
Biodegradation of omethoate by Bacillus sp. YB-10: optimization of culture conditions and degradation characteristics
Authors: Li Riqiang , Wang Jianxing , Li Songhui
Published: August 2020

Omethoate is an acute organophosphorus pesticide which is widely used. It presents a high pollution potential and health risk nowadays. In this study, Bacillus sp. YB-10, which was isolated from the activated sludge of a pharmaceutical wastewater treatment plant, was used for degrading omethoate. The culture conditions and degradation characteristics were investigated. Results showed that the Bacillus sp. YB-10 could degrade omethoate through co-metabolism. The optimal carbon and nitrogen sources were glucose and NH4NO3, respectively. Response surface methodology (RSM) results showed that the most appropriate nutrition ratio of C:N:P was 3:1:1 when degrading 1,000 mg/L of omethoate. Omethoate degradation kinetics could be described by a first-order rate equation. The optimal degradation conditions were pH of 7.0, temperature of 30℃, initial bacteria concentration of 0.25%, rotation speed of 150 r/min. Under the optimal conditions, the degradation rate reached 77.24% within 5 d by the Bacillus sp. YB-10 when the initial omethoate concentration was 1,000 mg/L.
Uma rodada de perguntas com os membros do Grupo de Trabalho Linguagem e Tecnologias (ANPOLL)
Authors: Komesu Fabiana Cristina , Finardi Kyria Rebeca , Buzato Marcelo El Khouri , Recuero Raquel Da Cunha , Caiado Roberta Varginha Ramos , De Oliveira Robson Santos , Aragão Rodrigo Camargo , Lopes Rodrigo Esteves de Lima , Cavalari Suzi Marques Spatti , Silva Valdir , Leffa Vilson
Published: August 2020

Este texto é resultado de uma entrevista feita pela revista Linguagem em Foco com pesquisadores do Grupo de Trabalho (GT) Linguagem e Tecnologias, da Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Letras e Linguística (ANPOLL). Propusemos, por e-mail, uma rodada de três perguntas a todos os pesquisadores do GT. As perguntas foram as seguintes: (1) a partir da sua perspectiva de estudos e pesquisas, o que você diria que falta sabermos sobre as relações entre linguagem e tecnologia? Em outras palavras, que lacunas teóricas, metodológicas e/ou práticas faltam ser preenchidas?; (2) quão longe ou perto estamos de preencher essas lacunas? De que precisamos para preenchê-las?; (3) em que os conhecimentos adquiridos com as pesquisas mencionadas ajudariam a área de Linguagem e Tecnologia, o professor, o aluno, enfim, o cidadão? Dos vinte e seis pesquisadores que compõem o GT, obtivemos a resposta de onze professores. As respostas foram organizadas em ordem alfabética e dispostas abaixo de cada pergunta de forma sequencial. As discussões compiladas nesta entrevista nos dão a dimensão das atuais pesquisas que estão sendo feitas na área de Linguagem e Tecnologia.