bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identifying the Ethiopian origin of the obsidian found in Upper Egypt (Naqada period) and the most likely exchange routes*
Authors: Giménez Javier , Sánchez Josep A. , Solano Lluís
Published: December 2017

The absence of obsidian sources in Egypt implies that obsidian excavated in fourth-millennium bc Upper Egyptian sites arrived in Egypt over long distances. This article develops an obsidian provenance study, based on chemical composition that permits to determine that obsidian found in Egypt came from neither Anatolia nor the Arabian Peninsula. Egyptian obsidian has a compositions similar to that from the Porc Epic cave in the Ethiopian Rift Valley. Considering the evolution of East African Paleolithic and Neolithic source-site distances, the most likely sources were less than 250 km away from the Porc Epic cave. The results of the study permit to suggest that terrestrial and/or Nilotic exchange routes were more likely than maritime routes involving the Red Sea and the coasts of Eritrea and the Arabian Peninsula. The ‘down-the-line’ exchange model would incorporate the Gash Delta and the Nubian A-Group.
Geographies of corporate philanthropy: The Northern Rock Foundation
Authors: Marshall Neill , Dawley Stuart , Pike Andy , Pollard Jane
Published: December 2017

The paper contributes to literature on the geographies of corporate philanthropy through a case study of the origins, growth and decline of the Northern Rock bank's charitable foundation. Analysis reveals the complex, geographically-embedded nature of philanthropic motivations and impacts. It demonstrates that investment in home and community by philanthropists was part of a regionally-inscribed business-model of excessive risk taking that brought them considerable personal financial rewards. It highlights tensions and conflicts between corporate philanthropists and professional grant-makers over the scale and regional focus of giving. The paper concludes that the positive outcomes of corporate philanthropy are difficult to sustain in disadvantaged regions where shifts in corporate strategy and fragilities in the local economy undermine charitable giving.
Mapping coral reef environments
Authors: Hamylton Sarah M.
Published: December 2017

Coral reef environments support high levels of marine biodiversity, they are important sites for coastal habitation and they provide a range of goods and ecosystem services such as nearshore fisheries, economic revenue from tourism and breeding sites for seabirds and turtles. Mapping is a fundamental activity that underpins our understanding of coral reef environments and helps to shape policies in resource management and conservation. This is particularly the case for quantifying the area of landcover types associated with reef environments, including coral patches, seagrasses and mangroves, but also for monitoring how these change over time and modelling how spatial patterns apparent on reefs are related to environmental drivers. Field techniques and aerial photography have historically played a crucial role in mapping coral reef environments, which has recently seen a transition toward the processing of satellite remote sensing images. This paper examines a series of maps produced of Low Isles, the most mapped island on the Great Barrier Reef, to review historical methods for mapping coral reefs because of the critical importance of understanding how past maps were made, which determines appropriate uses to which they can be put. Recent advances and future opportunities for the application of mapping technologies to coral reefs are also evaluated, including the use of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platforms for airborne surveys, delivery of information through web-based platforms and improvements in the quality of information for making and presenting maps. Maps have transformed the way we have responded to both historic and contemporary coral reef problems. This timely review communicates how maps, and the fast growing technologies that are employed to produce them, are central to our understanding of coral reef environments. Recent advances that may drive exciting new environmental management tools are identified.
Ghrelin attenuated hyperalgesia induced by chronic nitroglycerin: CGRP and TRPV1 as targets for migraine management
Authors: Farajdokht Fereshteh , Mohaddes Gisou , Shanehbandi Dariush , Karimi Pouran , Babri Shirin
Published: December 2017

Background

According to the neurovascular theory of migraine, activation of the trigeminovascular system contributes to the development of migraine. This study examined the effects of chronic intraperitoneal ghrelin (150 µg/kg) treatment on the development of chronic migraine induced by intermittent injection of nitroglycerin 10 mg/kg.

Methods

Baseline and post-drug (2 h following nitroglycerin injection) mechanical and thermal sensitivity were assessed by von Frey hair and tail immersion tests, respectively on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11. Moreover, we investigated the effect of ghrelin treatment on nitroglycerin-induced aversive behavior by using a two-chamber conditioned place aversion paradigm. At the end of behavioral testing, on day 11, animals were sacrificed and plasma concentration of calcitonin gene-related peptide was measured using a rat-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Also, real time polymerase chain reaction was used to quantify mRNA expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 in the trigeminal ganglion.

Results

Our results indicated that nitroglycerin activated the trigeminovascular system, which was reflected by mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity and elevation of mRNA expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide and transient receptor potential vanilloid-1, as migraine markers, and plasma calcitonin gene-related peptide levels. Moreover, chronic nitroglycerin injection induced conditioned place aversion and body weight loss. Nevertheless, ghrelin modulated nitroglycerin-triggered changes in transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 and calcitonin gene-related peptide expression, and mitigated nitroglycerin-induced hyperalgesia.

Conclusion

These results provide the first convincing evidence that ghrelin has a modulating effect on central sensitization induced by chronic intermittent nitroglycerin, and its antinociceptive effect may be related to a reduction of these factors in the trigeminal ganglion.
Features of aura in paediatric migraine diagnosed using the ICHD 3 beta criteria
Authors: Balestri Martina , Papetti Laura , Maiorani Daniela , Capuano Alessandro , Tarantino Samuela , Battan Barbara , Vigevano Federico , Valeriani Massimiliano
Published: December 2017

Background

In children and adolescents, the prevalence rate of migraine with aura is 1.6%. Few studies concerning migraine with aura features in paediatric population have been reported.

Aim

The aim of our study was to investigate clinical features of aura in a retrospective cohort of children with migraine with aura. Furthermore, we studied whether the International Classification of Headache Disorder (ICHD) 3 beta version criteria could efficiently detect migraine with aura in a paediatric population.

Results

We included 164 patients who experienced aura associated with headache (mean age 9.92 ± 2.64 years). When the ICHD-II criteria were used, a final diagnosis of migraine with typical aura was obtained in 15.3% of patients, probable migraine with typical aura in 13.4%, and typical aura with headache in 61.8%, while in in 9.5% of patients the diagnosis was undetermined. According to ICHD-3 beta, we diagnosed migraine with typical aura in 77.7% of patients, probable migraine with typical aura in 13.4%, and an undetermined diagnosis in 9.5% (less than two attacks).

Conclusion

Aura features did not depend on age and were similar to those of adults. However, the headache could be difficult to classify if headache duration was considered. In this view, the ICHD-3 beta offers the advantage of not considering headache features, including pain duration, for the diagnosis of migraine with typical aura, thus making this diagnosis easier in children and adolescents.
Sarcoma family kinase activity is required for cortical spreading depression
Authors: Bu Fan , Wang Yan , Jiang Liwen , Ma Dongqing , Quinn John P , Wang Minyan
Published: December 2017

Objectives

Sarcoma family kinase activity is associated with multiple diseases including ischemia and cancer; however, its role in the mechanism of migraine aura has been less well characterised. This study aims to investigate whether sarcoma family kinase is required for cortical spreading depression.

Methods

Cortical spreading depression was induced by topical application of K+ to the cerebral cortex and was monitored using electrophysiology in rats, and intrinsic optical signal in mouse brain slices. Drugs were perfused into the contralateral cerebral ventricle for pharmacological manipulations in rats. Western blot analysis was used for detecting the level of phosphorylated, and total, sarcoma family kinase in the ipsilateral cortex of rats.

Key results

The data demonstrate that a single cortical spreading depression in rats induced ipsilateral cortical sarcoma family kinase phosphorylation at the Y416 site. Deactivation of sarcoma family kinase by its inhibitor (3-(4-chlorophenyl) 1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1 H-pyrazolo[3,4- dpyrimidin-4-amine) suppressed the elevated enzyme activity and cortical susceptibility to cortical spreading depression. Interestingly, the inhibitory effect of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist NVP-AAM077 on cortical spreading depression was reversed by the sarcoma family kinase activator pYEEI (EPQY(PO3H2)EEEIPIYL), suggesting a link between this enzyme and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Similarly, after deactivation of sarcoma family kinase, a reduction of sarcoma family kinase phosphorylation and cortical susceptibility to cortical spreading depression was observed with NVP-AAM077.

Conclusions

We conclude that activation of sarcoma family kinase is required for cortical spreading depression, and this process is regulated by recruiting N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. This study provides novel insight for sarcoma family kinase function in the mechanism of migraine aura.
What Would Be Really Helpful but Nobody Ever Tells You: Five Key Recommendations Derived From Lessons Learned During a Qualitative Study in Clinical Settings
Authors: Steele Rose , Davies Betty , Krueger Guenther
Published: December 2017

The complexity of qualitative research can lead to a less thorough analysis than would be ideal. Even experienced researchers can become entwined in the myriad of decisions that must be made. Descriptions of qualitative approaches in numerous textbooks and published articles often lack sufficient details to help a researcher surface from the entanglements, especially when conducting studies in clinical settings. In this paper, we share our experiences of navigating some “real-world” issues in doing qualitative research. We describe five key, practical recommendations to assist researchers in preventing, or at least alleviating, some of the challenges that researchers may face, particularly ones that limit in-depth analysis: (1) conduct a pilot study, (2) hire a research analyst, (3) engage the “right” team, (4) attend to team cohesion, and (5) conduct conceptual analysis through a process of “node expansion.”
Negotiating Closed Doors and Constraining Deadlines: The Potential of Visual Ethnography to Effectually Explore Private and Public Spaces of Motherhood and Parenting
Authors: Mannay Dawn , Creaghan Jordon , Gallagher Dunla , Marzella Ruby , Mason Sherelle , Morgan Melanie , Grant Aimee
Published: December 2017

Pregnancy and motherhood are increasingly subjected to surveillance by medical professionals, the media, and the general public, and discourses of ideal parenting are propagated alongside an admonishment of the perceived “failing” maternal subject. However, despite this scrutiny, the mundane activities of parenting are often impervious to ethnographic forms of inquiry. Challenges for ethnographic researchers include the restrictions of becoming immersed in the private space of the home where parenting occurs and an institutional structure that discourages exploratory and long-term fieldwork. This paper draws on four studies, involving thirty-four participants, that explored their journeys into the space of parenthood and their everyday experiences. The studies all employed forms of visual ethnography, including artifacts, photo elicitation, timelines, collage, and sandboxing. The paper argues that visual methodologies can enable access to unseen aspects of parenting and engender forms of temporal extension, which can help researchers to disrupt the restrictions of tightly time bounded projects.
High Prevalence of Depression Diagnosis Among Medical Aid Beneficiaries: A Korean Health Insurance Database Study
Authors: Park Hyemin , Song Inmyung , Shin Ju-Young
Published: December 2017

Little is known about the prevalence of depression diagnosis in Korea. We aimed to compare the prevalence of depression diagnosis between Medical Aid and health insurance beneficiaries in an outpatient setting in Korea. The data of patients who visited a medical institution for outpatient care in 2015 were extracted from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service National Patient Sample claims database, and those diagnosed with major depressive disorder, single episode (F32) or recurrent (F33), were identified. The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated through logistic regression analyses. Among the outpatients, 2.51% were diagnosed with depression at least once. Medical Aid beneficiaries (aOR = 1.97; 95% CI = 1.96-1.98) were more likely to be diagnosed with depression than health insurance beneficiaries.
The Impact of Premeeting Talk on Group Performance
Authors: Yoerger Michael , Allen Joseph A. , Crowe John
Published: December 2017

Interactions that occur prior to a meeting constitute premeeting talk (PMT). Of the different PMT types, research suggests that small talk PMT is especially meaningful. In this study, meeting participants’ interactions both prior to and during the meeting were video recorded, coded into sense units, and classified by coding schemes. This study investigated the influence of small talk PMT on both perceived and objective group performances, as well as the potential for positive socioemotional and problem-focused statements to serve as mediators. The results supported the mediating influence of both types of statements for only perceived performance. Our results suggest that a group-level babble effect can take place in meetings, such that groups who engage in more extensive discussion tend to believe that they achieved high performance, but objective ratings do not support this belief. Theoretical and practical implications, limitations of the study, and future research opportunities are discussed.
How Can We Keep Immigrant Travelers Healthy? Health Challenges Experienced by Canadian South Asian Travelers Visiting Friends and Relatives
Authors: Savage Rachel D. , Rosella Laura C. , Crowcroft Natasha S. , Arneja Jasleen , de Villa Eileen , Horn Maureen , Khan Kamran , Varia Monali
Published: December 2017

Immigrant travelers who visit friends and relatives (VFR travelers) experience substantially higher rates of travel-related infections than other travelers, in part due to low uptake of pretravel health advice. While barriers to accessing advice have been identified, better characterization is needed to inform targeted interventions. We sought to understand how South Asian VFR travelers perceived and responded to travel-related health risks by conducting group interviews with 32 adult travelers from an ethnoculturally diverse Canadian region. Travelers positioned themselves as knowledgeable of key health risks, despite not seeking pretravel health advice. Their responses to risks were pragmatic and rooted in experience, but often constrained by competing concerns, including rushed travel, familial obligations, cost, and a desire to preserve authentic experiences. Moving beyond risk awareness to reinforcing the value of medical advice and intervention, in a manner that is sensitive to these unique concerns, is needed when delivering tailored health promotion messages to VFR travelers.
An equivalent elastoplastic damage model based on micromechanics for hybrid fiber-reinforced composites under uniaxial tension
Authors: Yan Zhi-guo , Zhang Yao , Woody Ju J , Chen Qing , Zhu He-hua
Published: December 2017

A micromechanics-based equivalent elastoplastic damage model for both notch-sensitive and multiple cracking hybrid fiber reinforced composite is proposed in this study. In this model, the elastic modulus, first cracking strength, and ultimate strength are estimated based on micromechanics. To quantify strain after matrix cracks, a novel characteristic length is defined based on the damage mechanics. The effects of the fiber length, diameter and modulus, and interfacial bond stress on the characteristic length of hybrid fiber reinforced composite are presented. In order to avoid the difficulty of determining the traditional damage and plastic potential function, this model is developed from the behavior of single fiber at mesolevel to the response of hybrid fiber reinforced composite at macrolevel. Then the calculated results are verified with several published experimental results of fiber reinforced composites and hybrid fiber reinforced composite, including notch-sensitive cracking fiber reinforced composite, multiple cracking fiber reinforced composite, and multiple cracking hybrid fiber reinforced composite reinforced with two types of fibers (steel fiber and polyethylene fiber). A parametric study has been performed to investigate the effects of the fiber properties, including the fiber volume fraction, length, diameter, and interfacial bond stress, on the tensile performance of hybrid fiber reinforced composite reinforced with steel fiber-like and polyethylene fiber-like fibers. The results indicate that enhancement of the tensile performance can be achieved more effectively by improving the polyethylene fiber-like fiber than steel fiber-like fiber.
Patient-Centered Medical Home Measurement in School-Based Health Centers
Authors: Gregg Abbey , Chen Li-Wu , Kim Jungyoon , Tak Hyo Jung , Tibbits Melissa
Published: December 2017

School-based health centers (SBHCs) have been suggested as potential medical homes, yet minimal attention has been paid to measuring their patient-centered medical home (PCMH) implementation. The purposes of this article were to (1) develop an index to measure PCMH attributes in SBHCs, (2) use the SBHC PCMH Index to compare PCMH capacity between PCMH certified and non-PCMH SBHCs, and (3) examine differences in index scores between SBHCs based in schools with and without adolescents. A total of six PCMH dimensions in the SBHC PCMH Index were identified through factor analysis. These dimensions were collapsed into two domains: care quality and comprehensive care. SBHCs recognized as PCMHs had higher scores on the index, both domains, and four dimensions. SBHCs based in schools with just young children and those with adolescents scored similarly on the overall index, but analysis of individual index items shows their strengths and weaknesses in PCMH implementation.
Is It Time to Rethink the Notion of Carbapenem-Sparing Therapy Against Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase–Producing Enterobacteriaceae Bloodstream Infections? A Critical Review
Authors: Chastain Daniel B. , White Bryan P. , Cretella David A. , Bland Christopher M.
Published: December 2017

Objective:To present systematic recommendations for carbapenem-sparing therapy against extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) Enterobacteriaceae bloodstream infections (BSIs) derived from a critical review of clinical data. Data Sources: A systematic literature search using PubMed and MEDLINE databases (January 1, 2012, to June 30, 2017) was performed using key MESH terms: ESBL or extended-spectrum β-lactamases and bacteremia or bloodstream infection with piperacillin/tazobactam, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, cefepime, cephamycins, carbapenem, doripenem, meropenem, and ertapenem. References within articles of interest were also evaluated. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All English language trials were considered, and results were limited to clinical efficacy trials. Articles were screened by title and abstract for inclusion. Data Synthesis: Studies comparing noncarbapenem versus carbapenem therapy for ESBL BSIs were critically analyzed to identify heterogeneity among studies. Data abstracted included empirical or definitive therapy, patient population, dosing, source of infection and severity, infectious etiology, and outcome. Conclusions: Completely sparing carbapenem therapy cannot be justified among patients with ESBL BSIs. Determining the source of infection is critical to identify patients for whom carbapenem-sparing therapy is appropriate.
Minimal Incision/Minimally Invasive Medializing Displacement Calcaneal Osteotomy
Authors: Sherman Thomas I. , Guyton Gregory P.
Published: December 2017

Minimally invasive techniques are readily applicable to calcaneal osteotomies and have the potential to accomplish hindfoot correction equivalent to open procedures with less morbidity and pain. Use of a guidance jig makes the procedure more predictable. While most anatomic features of the procedure are the same as those with open techniques, special care must be taken to avoid neurovascular injury because there is no open exposure. Anatomic guidelines have been established for appropriately localizing the osteotomy.

Level of Evidence: Level V, expert opinion.
Psychometric Properties of the Impairment Rating Scale in Samples of Adults With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Dawson Anne E. , Egan Theresa E. , Wymbs Brian T.
Published: December 2017

Adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are impaired in numerous domains. However, psychometrically sound measures assessing broad-ranging impairment, particularly brief scales for diagnostic purposes, are scarce. The Impairment Rating Scale (IRS), originally developed to assess ADHD-related impairment in children, has been adapted to a 12-item self-report measure of impairment in adults. In this study, the psychometric properties of the adult IRS were examined in three samples. In Studies 1 and 2, the adult IRS demonstrated good convergent, divergent, and incremental validity among college students and an online sample of adults, respectively. In the same studies, an appropriate clinical cutoff score was identified (IRS item score ≥1) using diagnostic tests. In Study 3, the adult IRS demonstrated good interrater reliability between ratings provided by romantic partners. Overall, findings support the clinical utility of the adapted IRS for assessing the impairment diagnostic criterion for ADHD in adults.
Living in Darkness at the Time of the Great East Japan Earthquake: A Poetic-Narrative Autoethnography
Authors: Iida Atsushi
Published: December 2017

This qualitative research employs expressive forms of writing to explore the author’s traumatic life experience in relation to the Great East Japan Earthquake which took place on March 11, 2011. The methodology chosen in the current study was a poetic-narrative autoethnography. The author selected both a collection of his English poems and poetic expressions of his Japanese second language students in English writing. While looking at each writer’s emotional response to this experience, narrative reflections and understandings of the tragedy were added. This study provides insights into a cultural trauma emergent from the disaster and presents the author’s personal experiences of living alone in a foreign country at the time of the dramatic earthquake and tsunami taking place in his home country.
A “chamber of errors” adaptation to assess pharmaceutical assistants’ knowledge in chemotherapy preparation
Authors: Loboda C , Vigneron J , Mulot C , May I , Demore B
Published: December 2017

French preparation guidelines state that pharmacy staff who manipulate cytotoxic drugs have to follow specific training. In order to assess the pharmaceutical assistants’ skills and knowledge, we developed a “Cytotoxic Preparation Centralized Unit (CPCU) of errors,” derived from the Canadian concept of “Chamber of horrors.” A table listing 20 mistakes to track down was created and each pharmaceutical assistant spent 20 min in the “CPCU of errors” with the pharmacist, who wrote down the spotted mistakes in real time. Among the 21 trained pharmaceutical assistants, 15 were evaluated. On average, 11.9 mistakes on 20 were detected. The lowest score was 7 spotted errors on 20 and the highest was 16 on 20. Those results should be qualified depending on pharmaceutical assistants’ years of experience in the preparation of chemotherapy. Those results may be explained by the way the role-playing was conducted. The simulation was not conducted during an actual preparation using the usual equipment. One of the major obstacles was the difficulty to clear some time for this project because its realization required a full-time pharmacist and the referring pharmaceutical assistant in addition to the evaluated pharmaceutical assistants. Overall, the staff feedback was positive and the role-playing led to a reminder of theoretical knowledge and the good use of some devices. It would be interesting to develop this type of project through a regional oncology network to create a medium that can be used by other hospitals.
Bleaching of sugar cane juice using a food-grade adsorber resin and explained by a kinetic model describing the variation in time of the content of adsorbate
Authors: Cruz-Tirado JP , Cabanillas Arnold , Siche Raúl , Espina J , Díaz-Sánchez Leonardo , Ibarz Albert
Published: December 2017

This work studies the adsorption of colored compounds in cane juice using a food-grade macroporous adsorber resin without functional groups. The adsorption equilibrium was studied through the adsorption isotherms at 30, 40, and 50 ℃. The absorbance at 420 nm was used to measure the concentration of colored compounds, which enables correlation of the residual concentration with the adsorbed concentration. Furthermore, the efficiency of the adsorption process was studied, from which it was observed that there was an improvement in efficiency with increasing resin content, while the increase in temperature was less important in the process. The kinetic study was performed using the Ibarz model and intraparticle diffusion model, which correctly account for the kinetics of the adsorption process. The adsorption kinetic constant was always greater than the desorption kinetic constant, indicating that the adsorption step predominates over the desorption step.
The Promise of Eye-Tracking Methodology in Organizational Research: A Taxonomy, Review, and Future Avenues
Authors: Meißner Martin , Oll Josua
Published: December 2017

Technological advances in recent years have greatly lowered the barriers for using eye tracking (ET) as a research tool in laboratory and field settings. However, despite its potential and widespread application in other disciplines, the use of ET in organizational research remains sparse. This article therefore aims to introduce ET, and thus a new mode of behavioral data, to the field of organizational research. Based on a synthesis of prior literature, we propose an integrative taxonomy that unravels the methodological potential of ET as well as its scope of application. Building on our proposed taxonomy, we systematically review the use of ET in leading management journals and reflect on the current state of research. We further illustrate future avenues for ET in the domains of strategic management, entrepreneurship, and human resources to contribute to the method’s future dissemination and to the advancement of organizational science as well.
Flexural studies on profile sheet-embedded steel concrete composite sandwich panels: Part I—Experimental research
Authors: Raj Smriti , Bharatkumar BH , Kumar V Ramesh
Published: December 2017

The use of shear connectors in a composite system tends to impart heterogeneity and needs an expert workmanship as well as special equipment for fabrication. In order to avoid such necessities, the present study is focused on developing steel concrete composite sandwich panels without use of any shear connectors by embedding flanges of the profile sheet in the concrete. Two configurations, (i) P1, where both the skins are a composite with flanges of profile sheet embedded in self-compacting concrete and (ii) P2, where the top skin alone is a composite with flanges of profile sheet embedded in self-compacting concrete, are studied experimentally under four-point bending and are compared with an Reinforced cement concrete (RCC) slab of same dimension. In both the configurations, the webs of the profile sheet act as core in providing shear stability to the panel. The configurations P1 and P2 have 38% and 22% weight of an RCC slab and exhibited 77% and 60% strength of the RCC slab respectively. Apart from good strength-to-weight ratio, the configurations P1 and P2 exhibited better ductility, stiffness and flexural rigidity posing to be a better alternative.
CINdex: A Bioconductor Package for Analysis of Chromosome Instability in DNA Copy Number Data
Authors: Song Lei , Bhuvaneshwar Krithika , Wang Yue , Feng Yuanjian , Shih Ie-Ming , Madhavan Subha , Gusev Yuriy
Published: December 2017

The CINdex Bioconductor package addresses an important area of high-throughput genomic analysis. It calculates the chromosome instability (CIN) index, a novel measurement that quantitatively characterizes genome-wide copy number alterations (CNAs) as a measure of CIN. The advantage of this package is an ability to compare CIN index values between several groups for patients (case and control groups), which is a typical use case in translational research. The differentially changed cytobands or chromosomes can then be linked to genes located in the affected genomic regions, as well as pathways. This enables in-depth systems biology–based network analysis and assessment of the impact of CNA on various biological processes or clinical outcomes. This package was successfully applied to analysis of DNA copy number data in colorectal cancer as a part of multi-omics integrative study as well as for analysis of several other cancer types. The source code, along with an end-to-end tutorial, and example data are freely available in Bioconductor at http://bioconductor.org/packages/CINdex/ .
Lessons From Unilateral Loss of Cilia: Early Nasal Nitric Oxide Gas Mixing and the Role of Sinus Patency in Determining Nasal Nitric Oxide
Authors: Rodriguez Kenneth , Gaston Benjamin , Wasman Jay , Marozkina Nadzeya
Published: December 2017

Nasal nitric oxide (nNO) measurement is a diagnostic test for primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). Here, we have shown the development of unilateral PCD-like symptoms associated with low nNO. A 60-year-old man had been previously healthy but developed unilateral, severe pansinusitis. He required surgical drainage of all left sinuses, and biopsies showed loss of the ciliated epithelium. At 4 weeks, he had unilateral (left-sided), profuse, clear rhinorrhea characteristic of PCD, and his surgical ostia were all patent endoscopically. His left-sided nNO was less than the right side by 37 ± 1.2 nL/min; this difference decreased to 18 ± 0.87 nL/min at 5 weeks and was gone by 6 weeks when his symptoms resolved. Measurements of 2- and 10-second measurements, in addition to standard nNO measurements, identified this discordance. We conclude that nNO reflects, in part, the production of NO by the ciliated epithelium, not just in the absence or occlusion of sinuses. Early (nasal/sinus volume) measures may be better for diagnosing PCD in than standard, steady-state assays in certain populations.
Indigenous (Māori) sexual health psychologies in New Zealand: Delivering culturally congruent sexuality education
Authors: Le Grice Jade , Braun Virginia
Published: December 2017

Indigenous (Māori) psychologies of sexual health occur at the cultural nexus of Indigenous and Western knowledge, colonising influence and intervention. Formal school-based sexuality education holds potential to intervene in this psychological space by decolonising notions of Māori sexuality, relationships and reproduction. This research utilises an Indigenous feminist (Mana Wāhine) methodology and interviews with 43 Māori participants (26 women and 17 men). We explore how Māori knowledges (mātauranga Māori), responsive to the surrounding colonising context, were interwoven through four themes: relationships, reproductive responsibility, open conversations about sexuality and contraceptive education. Indigenous knowledges can contribute to good sexual health psychologies for all.
The meaning of negation in the second language classroom: Evidence from ‘any’
Authors: Gil Kook-Hee , Marsden Heather , Whong Melinda
Published: December 2017

This article brings together an experimental study involving L2 knowledge of negation in English and an analysis of how English language textbooks treat negation, in order to consider whether textbook explanations of negation could better exploit linguistic insights into negation. We focus on the English negative polarity item any, whose distribution is contingent on negation, whether through the explicit negator not or through lexical semantic negators (e.g. hardly). Our experiment compares Chinese-speaking learners with existing data from Arabic-speaking learners, finding lower accuracy on any with lexical semantic negators in both groups. Our textbook analysis reveals an approach to negation that is limited to form, focusing on the explicit negator not without explicit treatment of other types of negation. We propose that emphasizing the meaning of negation, with explicit treatment of the full range of negative forms could facilitate more complete acquisition across a range of grammatical properties where negation plays a role.
Arendt’s anti-humanism of labour
Authors: Smith Nicholas H.
Published: December 2017

The aim of this article is to situate Arendt’s account of labour as a critical response to humanisms of labour, or put otherwise, to situate it as an anti-humanism of labour. It compares Arendt’s account of labour with that of the most prominent humanist theorist of labour at the time of the composition of The Human Condition: Georges Friedmann. Arendt’s and Friedmann’s accounts of labour are compared specifically with respect to the range of capacities, social relations, and possibilities of fulfilment at stake in the activity of labour. The comparison provides a previously unexplored context for understanding Arendt’s account of labour and her distinction between labour and work. The relevance of Arendt’s and Friedmann’s theories of labour for the contemporary debate about the meaning of work in an age of automation is also briefly discussed.
Patočka on Europe in the aftermath of Europe
Authors: Gasché Rodolphe
Published: December 2017

Jan Patočka’s elaborations in ‘Europe after Europe’ concern a kind of irrationalism and nativism proper to European thought that has prohibited the embryonic core of the idea of Europe, namely, the renewed Socratic-Platonic motif of the ‘care of the soul’ in Christian Europe, to unfold its full potential. The article investigates a further ‘irrationalism’ that narrows the universalist thrust of the idea of Europe, precisely, by conceiving of it in terms of the Greek concept of an idea. This article draws on the inner resources of the notion of the idea in order to recast Europe as a Europe beyond the idea.
Why context, relevance and repetition matter in news reporting: Interpreting the United Kingdom’s political information environment
Authors: Cushion Stephen , Lewis Justin , Kilby Allaina
Published: December 2017

This study develops a multi-method approach to analysing political information environments, exploring how media and political systems help shape people’s understanding of news. In doing so, we ask a question fundamental to democratic citizenship: how well do news media communicate political responsibility and policy differences across political systems? Our study examines the United Kingdom’s political information environment, where significant power is devolved to Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, with different political parties in control. Drawing on a content analysis of 17,765 news items, a representative survey of 3272 respondents and 15 semi-structured interviews, we examine the dominant information sources about UK politics by longitudinally tracing coverage of devolved issues from 2007 to 2016, and gauging how well it was understood by television news viewers. Our results suggest that while BBC news is more sensitive to communicating the devolved relevance of news than more commercial outlets, there remains a democratic deficit in the supply of political information and audience understanding of where power and responsibility lies. If news coverage more regularly communicated the relevance and context of devolved issues, we argue it could open up democratic opportunities for citizens to consider a wider range of policy options debated in all four political institutions.
Costs of refugee admission and the ethics of extraterritorial protection
Authors: Sandelind Clara
Published: December 2017

Many affluent states seek to discharge their responsibilities to refugees through extraterritorial policies, which limit the number of refugees that they admit whilst contributing to protection in a third country. Is this morally permissible? I argue that under non-ideal circumstances, where states’ non-compliance with their duties to refugees are persistent, such policies can be permissible. However, extraterritorial protection must satisfy two conditions. First, it must come about through bilateral or multilateral agreements. Second, the protection provided must allow for full integration in a new society. I argue that the lower the costs a state bears for admitting refugees to its territory, the higher its contribution to extraterritorial protection must be. This notion of costs is illustrated by exemplifying how refugee admission may impose costs to the self-determination and equality of the hosting state.
An experimental study on the coaxial electrospinning of silk fibroin/poly(vinyl alcohol)–salicylic acid core-shell nanofibers and process optimization using response surface methodology
Authors: Rahimi Tanha Nadia , Nouri Mahdi
Published: December 2017

Core-shell nanofiber of silk fibroin as shell and blend of salicylic acid/poly(vinyl alcohol) as core was fabricated successfully via coaxial electrospinning. Effects of concentration, viscosity, and electrical conductivity of the core and shell solutions on the final diameter of nanofibers and release behavior of salicylic acid were studied by viscometry, electrical conductometry, ultraviolet spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope methods. Response surface methodology was used to predict the relation between average fiber diameter as well as release rate of salicylic acid with core and shell concentrations. Direct relation between final nanofibers diameters and shell solution concentration was observed, while increase in core solution concentration was not significantly affected the final diameter of electrospun nanofibers. According to the results of release profiles, ratio of component in core and shell are effective parameters in rate and profile of salicylic acid release from these structures. Response surface methodology analysis indicates that the nanofibers diameters are more responsive to the changes in shell solution concentration and the release rate of salicylic acid is responsive to the changes in both shell and core solutions concentrations.
Racial–Ethnic Disparities in Late-Stage Colorectal Cancer Among Hispanics and Non-Hispanic Whites of New Mexico
Authors: Gonzales Melissa , Qeadan Fares , Mishra Shiraz I. , Rajput Ashwani , Hoffman Richard M.
Published: December 2017

Introduction:

Hispanics in New Mexico are diagnosed with more later-stage colorectal cancer (CRC) than non-Hispanic Whites (NHW). Our study evaluated the interaction of race/ethnicity and risk factors for later-stage III and IV CRC among patients in New Mexico.

Method:

CRC patients ages 30 to 75 years ( n = 163, 46% Hispanic) completed a survey on key explanatory clinical, lifestyle, preventive health, and demographic variables for CRC risk. Adjusted logistic regression models examined whether these variables differentially contributed to later-stage CRC among NHW versus Hispanics.

Results:

Compared with NHW, Hispanics had a higher prevalence of later-stage CRC ( p = .007), diabetes ( p = .006), high alcohol consumption ( p = .002), low education ( p = .003), and CRC diagnosis due to symptoms ( p = .06). Compared with NHW, Hispanics reporting high alcohol consumption (odds ratio [OR] = 7.59; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.31-43.92), lower education (OR = 3.5; 95% CI = 1.28-9.65), being nondiabetic (OR = 3.23; 95% CI = 1.46-7.15), or ever smokers (OR = 2.4; 95% CI = 1.03-5.89) were at higher risk for late-stage CRC. Adjusting for CRC screening did not change the direction or intensity of the odds ratios.

Conclusion:

The ethnicity–risk factor interactions, identified for late-stage CRC, highlight significant factors for targeted intervention strategies aimed at reducing the burden of later-stage CRC among Hispanics in New Mexico with broad applicability to other Hispanic populations.
Treatment of Distal Interphalangeal Ganglion Cysts by Volar Corticosteroid Injection
Authors: Weinheimer Kent , Patrick Nathan , Darowish Michael
Published: December 2017

Background: Various options exist for operative and nonoperative treatment of symptomatic distal interphalangeal (DIP) ganglion cysts. We describe the technique and efficacy of a novel treatment of DIP ganglion cysts using a volar, transtendon, intra-articular injection of corticosteroid. Methods: This was a single center, retrospective study (2010-2015) of 21 patients who received a volar, intra-articular corticosteroid injection for treatment of DIP ganglion cysts. The patients were contacted via mailing with a short survey. For those potential study participants who did not respond to the mailing or were not seen in follow-up, contact was made via telephone. The primary study outcome was resolution of the cyst; secondary outcomes included pain and postinjection complications. Results: A total of 21 patients (14 female; 7 male) with 23 DIP ganglion cysts were treated in this study. The dominant hand was involved in 56.5% cases. Twelve (52.2%) resolved or had near complete resolution following injection at an average follow-up of 20 months. Conclusions: For patients with DIP ganglion cysts, this newly described technique of volar, transtendon, intra-articular injection of corticosteroid provides a safe and effective treatment. This technique allows for ease and consistency of needle placement for intra-articular corticosteroid delivery while minimizing the potential soft tissue and infection concerns described with other techniques.
Optimal KI Prophylactic Dose Determination for Thyroid Radiation Protection After a Single Administration in Adult Rats
Authors: Phan Guillaume , Rebière François , Suhard David , Legrand Alexandre , Carpentier Floriane , Sontag Thibaud , Souidi Maâmar , Jourdain Jean-René , Agarande Michelle , Renaud-Salis Valérie
Published: December 2017

A dose–response study was performed in adult rats to select an optimal stable potassium iodide (KI) dose which could be implemented in repeated prophylaxis, in case of prolonged exposure to radioactive iodine. Increasing doses of KI were given orally to rats 1 hour before internal exposure simulated by I-125 injection. I-125 incorporation in the thyroid was measured by γ-spectrometry, and KI protection effect was modeled by pharmacological functions. The measurement method by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry previously developed for the quantification of stable iodine in urine was adapted to correlate KI effect with its distribution in the thyroid. More than 75% blockade of iodine I-125 incorporation in the thyroid was achieved for KI single doses above 0.5 to 0.7 mg/kg. Stable iodine content in the thyroid 24 hours after KI administration displayed a biphasic response, with a maximum level for a dose around 1 mg/kg. Besides, the urinary excretion of stable iodine is described by a sigmoid function. The change in the rate of iodine excretion for doses above 1 mg/kg KI suggests a body overload in iodine and corroborates a possible saturation of the thyroid. The results show that 1 mg/kg KI could be regarded as an optimal dose for thyroid protection.
Systematic review of research on educational leadership and management in Latin America, 1991–2017
Authors: Castillo Felipe Aravena , Hallinger Philip
Published: December 2017

The purpose of this systematic review was to further our understanding of educational leadership and management (EDLM) knowledge production in Latin America. We conducted a “topographical review” of 48 articles from Latin America published in eight “core” EDLM journals published between 1991 and 2017. Data analysis focused on analyzing identified modal trends as well as highlighting variability in patterns of knowledge production. Notably, 75% of the studies had been published in the past 10 years, and 56% in the past five years. Geographic coverage was highly uneven across Latin America. While there were 19 articles from Chile, numerous Latin American societies were unrepresented in the database. Almost 80% of the corpus consisted of empirical studies and topical foci were highly diverse. Comparison of these results with findings reported in recent reviews of EDLM research from other developing societies yielded recommendations for enhancing research capacity and output in Latin America. A key limitation of the review was its exclusion of local language sources. This led to the further recommendation for Latin American scholars to undertake broader multi-language reviews of the EDLM knowledge base in Latin America.
Where does Afghanistan fit in China’s grand project? A content analysis of Afghan and Chinese news coverage of the One Belt, One Road initiative
Authors: Hatef Azeta , Luqiu Luwei Rose
Published: December 2017

One Belt, One Road is a political and economic initiative developed by China to revive ancient trade routes in an effort to encourage international trade. One Belt, One Road will increase China’s economic reach but also promises to improve the political and economic standards of countries involved in the program. The initiative holds transformative opportunities for Afghanistan, as the country continues to experience political and economic instability. One Belt, One Road, though is met with differing perspectives, where critics of the initiative point toward China’s exploitative desires. Through content analysis of China’s People’s Daily and Global Times as well as Afghanistan’s Khaama Press, this article suggests China and Afghanistan’s involvement in the One Belt, One Road initiative is rooted in vastly different interests.
Customizing memory: Number tattoos in contemporary Israeli memory work
Authors: Klik Ella
Published: December 2017

This article considers the recent appearance of the Auschwitz prisoner number tattoo on the bodies of Israeli descendants of Holocaust survivors. While media attention granted to this phenomenon is disproportionate to its actual size, it reveals something fundamental about Holocaust representation and commemoration in Israel today. Thinking through the concept of postmemory and its reliance on mediation in this context means that the skin itself can be regarded as a medium passing on memories that have not been directly experienced. The significance of the skin as a locus for commemoration is examined in relation and opposition to other various institutionalized forms of memory practices, to argue that re-tattooing is a form of customizable individual and collective memory. This practice serves as a unique form of bodily memorialization that plays out in the context of new media tools, a socio-political context, and generational succession.