bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trainer CCTV Sebagai Media Pembelajaran Peralatan Pengamatan Keamanan
Authors: Purbo Wartoyo Bayu , Kona Musri , Widiyanto Saptandri
Published: March 2023

Pada program studi Teknologi Navigasi Udara di Politeknik Penerbangan Makassar, terdapat mata kuliah Peralatan Pengamatan Pengamanan. Mata kuliah ini mempelajari mengenai peralatan keamanan bandar udara untuk menunjang keselamatan dan keamanan penerbangan dengan salah satu peralatan yang akan diajarkan adalah CCTV. Politeknik Penerbangan Makassar berencana melakukan pembuatan trainer CCTV agar mempermudah pembelajaran mengenai CCTV beserta instalasinya pada mata kuliah Peralatan Pengamatan Pengamanan. Pada penelitian ini, tahap pertama yang akan dilakukan adalah merancang trainer CCTV yang akan digunakan dalam praktikum mata kuliah. Selanjutnya tahap kedua adalah tahap merakit trainer CCTV. Setelah instalasi CCTV selesai, tahap selanjutnya adalah melakukan pengujian terhadap sistem untuk mengetahui apakah sistem berjalan sesuai dengan semestinya.
Dari penelitian ini penulis mampu merancang trainer CCTV dengan menggunakan beberapa jenis CCTV, NVR, dan Switch untuk selanjutnya ditampilkan di monitor. Selain itu, dengan adanya penelitian imi pengetahuan dan kemampuan taruna program studi Teknik Navigasi Udara Politeknik Penerbangan Makassar pada mata kuliah Peralatan Pengamatan Keamanan mengalami peningkatan dari semula 21,2% dan 37,9% menjadi 43,9% dan 48,5% dengan kategori sangat baik.
A Novel Brain Tumor Classification Model Using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Saikat Sundar Pal  , Prithwish Raymahapatra  , Soumyadeep Paul  , Sajal Dolui  , Avijit Kumar Chaudhuri  , Sulekha Das
Published: March 2023

The objective of this research work is to classify brain tumor images into 4 different classes by using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) algorithm i.e. a deep learning method with VGG16 architecture. The four classes are pituitary, glioma, meningioma, and no tumor. The dataset used for this research is a publicly available MRI Image dataset of brain tumor with 7023 images. The methodology followed in this project includes data pre-processing, model building, and evaluation. The dataset is pre-processed by resizing the images to 64x64 and normalizing the pixel values. The VGG16 architecture is used to build the CNN model, and it is trained on the pre-processed data for 10 epochs with a batch size of 64. The model is evaluated using the area under the operating characteristic curve (AUC) metric of the receiver. The results of this project show that the CNN model with VGG16 architecture achieves an AUC of 0.92 for classifying brain tumor images into four different classes. The model performs best for classifying meningioma with AUC of 0.90, followed by pituitary with AUC of 0.91, glioma with AUC of 0.93, and no tumor with AUC of 0.89. In conclusion, the CNN model with VGG16 architecture is an effective approach for classifying brain tumor images into multiple classes. The model achieves high accuracy in identifying different types of brain tumors, which could potentially aid in early diagnosis and treatment of brain tumors.
Fake covid news
Authors: Palacios Alberto
Published: March 2023

Uma vacina chega pela fronteira, um carregamento de hidroxicloroquina barata está sendo distribuído, o dióxido de cloro é difundido pelas mídias sociais e a ivermectina é o café da manhã predileto. É assim que os dias passam entre a Internet, a pandemia e as notícias
Fake covid news
Authors: Palacios Alberto
Published: March 2023

A vaccine is coming across the border, a shipment of cheap hydroxychloroquine is being distributed, chlorine dioxide is spreading through social networks, and ivermectin is the breakfast of choice. So go the days between the Internet, pandemic and news
Un café por la Reumatología Especial Cubrimiento PANLAR 2021
Authors: by PANLAR Global Rheumatology
Published: March 2023

En este episodio analizamos la jornada de PANLAR 2021 y su nutrida agenda, así como la invitación al último día del Congreso.
Um café pela reumatologia cobertura especial do PANLAR 2021
Authors: by PANLAR Global Rheumatology
Published: March 2023

Neste episódio, fazemos um balanço do PANLAR 2021, dos desafios da virtualidade e do dia acadêmico do último dia.
MATRIX THEORY OVER DGC NUMBERS
Authors: GÜRSES NURTEN , ŞENTÜRK GÜLSÜM YELİZ
Published: March 2023

Classical matrix theory for real, complex and hypercomplex numbers is a well-known concept. Is it possible to construct matrix theory over dual-generalized complex (DGC) matrices? The answer to this question is given in this paper. The paper is constructed as follows. Firstly, the fundamental concepts for DGC matrices are introduced and DGC special matrices are defined. Then, theoretical results related to eigenvalues/eigenvectors are obtained and universal similarity factorization equality (USFE) regarding to the dual fundamental matrix are presented. Also, spectral theorems for Hermitian and unitary matrices are introduced. Finally, due to the importance of unitary matrices, a method for finding a DGC unitary matrix is stated and examples for spectral theorem are given.
The Importance of Renewable Energy Consumption and Human Capital in Attracting Foreign Direct Investment in Pakistan
Authors: Hussain Javaid , Anwer Muhammad Arshad , Ghani Muhammad Usman , Umar Muhammad
Published: March 2023

This research looks at the connections between FDI, renewable and nonrenewable energy, human capital, and the environment in Pakistan. Using data collected from 1998 to 2020, this study uses the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) method to quantify the interdependencies between various conceptual frameworks. All variables tested had a significant impact on FDI in the long run. The environment coefficient is significantly negative. In addition, there is a positive indication of significance for the coefficients of renewable energy, non-renewable energy, and human capital acquired through formal education.  Based on the findings of this research, it is recommended that national governments take steps to attract more FDI.
Psikolojik Sağlamlık: Sağlık Çalışanları Açısından Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: AĞIRKAYA Kübra , ERDEM Ramazan
Published: March 2023

Sağlık kurumları, riskli durumların diğer organizasyonlara göre daha sık karşılaşıldığı karmaşık bir yapıya sahiptir. Dolayısıyla hastane çalışanları da günlük çalışma ortamları itibariyle sıklıkla stres yaratıcı durumlarla karşı karşıya kalmaktadır. Hastanelerin karmaşık yapısı ve birçok sağlık meslek grubunun bir arada ekip halinde çalışmaları nedeniyle çalışanların stresli çalışma şartlarında problem yaşama ihtimalini artırabilmektedir. Çalışanlar için ise stresle başa çıkma önemli hale gelmektedir. Stresle başa çıkabilme bağlamında karşımıza çıkan en önemli kavramlardan birisi de psikolojik sağlamlıktır. Pozitif psikolojik sermaye kavramları arasında yer alan psikolojik sağlamlık olgusu üzerine yapılan çalışmalar son yıllarda dikkat çekici konular arasında yer almakta ve güncelliğini korumaktadır. Türkiye’de ise bu konu özelinde sağlık kurumlarını ele alınan çalışmalar az olduğu dikkate alındığında bu çalışmanın amacı, psikolojik sağlamlık üzerine yapılan çeşitli çalışmaları irdeleyerek, hastane çalışanlarının riskli ya da zorlu çalışma ortamlarına dikkat çekmek ve sağlık kurumlarında psikolojik sağlamlıkla ilgili temel bir bakış açısı oluşturmaktır.
First occurrence of juvenile Sargocentron rubrum (Forsskål, 1775) from South-Eastern Mediterranean, Turkey
Authors: Erguden Deniz , Uygur Necdet , Alagoz Erguden Sibel
Published: March 2023

In the present study, one juvenile specimen of redcoat Sargocentron rubrum (Forsskål, 1775) was first reported from the Mediterranean coast of Turkey with a visual record during an underwater survey conducted from the coast of Arsuz (Konacik), Iskenderun Bay, at a depth of 3 m, on September 11, 2018. The Family Holocentridae is currently represented in the Mediterranean by seven species, all exotic, six of them originate in the Red Sea (Lessepsian migrants) and one originates from the Atlantic.
Exploring Higher Capital Requirements in Nepal Under Basel III: A Qualitative Approach
Authors: Acharya Anuj , Nepal Bidush , Kafle Ananta Raj
Published: March 2023

This paper explored the impact of capital regulation on the banking industry in Nepal and sought to understand the reasons behind the requirements for higher capital in the country compared to global standards set by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS). The paper incorporated semi-structured interviews with experts from banks and the Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) and employed thematic analysis to analyze the responses. The main factors driving higher capital requirements in Nepal were identified as risk management practices, financial stability, and the cost of financing, including the supervisory review process and the internal control systems of banks. The study found that the banking industry in Nepal lacks strong risk management policies and practices and that the regulator places a greater emphasis on ensuring the stability and resilience of banks rather than minimizing the economic cost of financing. Additionally, the corporate governance and internal control systems of banks in Nepal were found to be suboptimal.
Professional Development of University Teachers in Relation to Gender and Subject Stream
Authors: Mir Rahul Ahmad  , Dr. Gulshan Wani
Published: March 2023

Professional development is an important component of professional growth, and it is necessary to ensure that university teachers are able to keep up with the changing times. The researchers used a descriptive method and Professional Development Index Scale-PDIS (2017) developed by Tariq Ahmad Wani and Prof. N.A. Nadeem to measure the level of Professional Development of the subjects. The sample size of 300 University Teachers based on random sampling technique was collected from the total population of three main academic universities in Kashmir valley viz, University of Kashmir, Central University of Kashmir and Islamic University of Science and Technology. The results of the study showed that majority of university teachers about 67 % have moderate PD level. The study also revealed that professional development of university teachers differ significantly on the basis of gender but were found to have almost same level of PD on the basis of subject stream (science and arts).
Effect of Mo Addition on Passive Film of Martensitic Stainless Steels by Semiconductor Analysis in H2S-CO2 Environment
Authors: Kanki Kyohei , Nishihara Katsuhiro , Sagara Masayuki , Amaya Hisashi
Published: March 2023

13Cr martensitic stainless steel is widely used in the oil and gas industry. It is well known that the addition of molybdenum (Mo) enhances the passivity of steel. However, the role of Mo in the passive film has not been clarified completely. The subjects of the present research were to reveall the role of Mo in terms of semiconductivity. The Mott-Schottky plot, obtained by impedance spectroscopy, revealed the effect of Mo addition on the semiconducting property of a passive film under an H2S environment in a pH 4.0 solution at 25°C. The results revealed that Cr-O of the inner film and sulfide of the outer film exhibited semiconductor p-type and n-type characteristics, respectively. The number of defects in the film on 2.5 mass% Mo-added steel was approximately half of that in the film on Mo-free steel. The role of Mo was discussed through investigation using x-ray photoelectron spectrometric analysis based on the state of the passive films.
Understanding of the Interaction Between Crystallographic Orientation and Service Environment on Nonoriented Silicon Steel Corrosion
Authors: Li Yanrui , Wei Yinghui , Liu Baosheng , Hou Lifeng , Zhang Shaohua , Liu Wen
Published: March 2023

The effect of crystallographic orientation and environmental factors on the corrosion behavior of 35TWV1900 nonoriented silicon steel at various temperatures (25°C, 40°C, and 60°C) and Cl− concentrations (0.1 mol/L, 0.6 mol/L, and 1 mol/L) were investigated by electrochemical tests and immersion experiments. The results have revealed that the (111) plane exhibits a higher corrosion rate compared with (001) and (101) planes. The increased temperature promotes the anodic dissolution of the substrate, accelerating the formation of corrosion products and the transformation of β/γ-FeOOH to α-FeOOH/Fe3O4. In the immersion environment, the corrosion mechanism is a typical oxygen-absorbing corrosion mechanism. During the electrochemical reaction phase, the corrosion rate shows a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of Cl− concentration, which can be explained by the catalytic dissolution effect and the protective effect of adsorbed Cl− on the surface. Meanwhile, with the injection of Cl−, the content of dissolved oxygen in the solution decreases and the adsorption competition between Cl− and oxygen increases, leading to the reduction of corrosion rate and inhibiting the formation of an oxide film. The two stages of corrosion in an immersion environment are described, and the corrosion mechanism is elucidated.
ESG's Come Away with ESG
Authors: Percy Cheri
Published: March 2023

ESG were one of the first bands to sign to British indie label Factory Records, working with famed producer Martin Hannett on their early EPs. The band's signature guitar sound from iconic single 'UFO' has been sampled in hundreds of hip hop records, and everyone from Karen O to Kathleen Hanna lists the South Bronx group as a direct influence. So why do the Scroggins sisters appear as nothing more than a footnote in the 1980s music scene?

Through interviews with founding member Renee Scroggins, alongside cult-figures from 1980s New York and North England, this book follows the story of a group of sisters who made it out of the New York projects and into the heart of the dancefloor. Come Away With ESG repositions ESG in their rightful place as punk pioneers and explains how their primal beats have paved the way for modern dance music today.
Open Banking: Between Cooperation and Competition
Authors: Odorovic Ana
Published: March 2023

The emergence of financial technology companies (fintechs) has spurred expectations that they will lead to large-scale disintermediation in finance and significantly disrupt the banking industry. Regulators in several jurisdictions have supported their market entry through the adoption of open banking policies, whose purpose is to facilitate third-party access to banking data, subject to customer consent. Data access has been seen as a competitive bottleneck in the banking industry, while customers hold the ultimate ownership over their data. This paper aims to critically assess proclaimed promises of open banking by analysing existing barriers to entry and market-based collaborations between banks and fintechs as identified in the literature. Since the expected effects can vary depending on the regulatory model embraced, the paper also outlines the economic trade-offs of different regulatory solutions. Consequently, the paper may help regulators who are considering introducing or designing open banking policies.
Towards Scalable Anomaly Detection for Embedded Devices through Synthetic EM Fingerprinting
Authors: Vedros Kurt A. , Makrakis Georgios Michail , Kolias Constantinos , Ivans Robert C. , Rieger Craig
Published: March 2023

Embedded devices are omnipresent in modern networks, including those facilitating missioncritical applications. However, due to their constrained nature, novel mechanisms are required to provide external, and non-intrusive defenses. Among such approaches, one that has gained traction is based on analyzing the emanated electromagnetic (EM) signals. Unfortunately, one of the most neglected challenges of this approach is the manual gathering and fingerprinting of the corresponding EM signals. Indeed, even simple programs are comprised of numerous branches, making the fingerprinting stage extremely timeconsuming, and requiring the manual labor of an expert. To address this issue, we propose a framework for generating synthetic EM signals directly from machine code. These subsequent signals can be used to train an anomaly detection system. The advantage of this approach is that it completely removes the need for an elaborate and error-prone fingerprinting stage, thus, increasing the scalability of the protection mechanisms. The experimental evaluations indicate that our method provides above 90% detection accuracy against code injection attacks. Moreover, the proposed methodology inflicts only -1.3% penalty in accuracy for detecting injections of as little as four malicious instructions when compared to the same methods of training on real signals.
Removal of congo red dye from aqueous solution using nano ZnO/chitosan composite
Authors: Nguyen Nhu Thanh  , Nguyen Thanh Tung  , Nguyen Van Anh  , Nguyen Thuy Chung  , Nguyen Ngoc Thinh
Published: March 2023

Nano ZnO/chitosan composite was synthesized using precipitation method. The material was characterized by physicochemical analysis methods including XRD and TEM. The results showed that the spherical and rod-shaped particles were well-dispersed with the average size of 30-40 nm. The ZnO/chitosan composite was applied as an adsorbent to remove congo red from aqueous solution. Equilibrium data fitted well with the Langmuir model. It is assumed that the adsorption process follows the pseudo-second-order kinetics equation. The maximum adsorption capacity was of 281.69 mg/g. This suggested that the material could be a promising adsorbent for colorants removal in aqueous solutions.
A new airborne broadband radiometer system and an efficient method to correct dynamic thermal offsets
Authors: Ehrlich André , Zöger Martin , Giez Andreas , Nenakhov Vladyslav , Mallaun Christian , Maser Rolf , Röschenthaler Timo , Luebke Anna E. , Wolf Kevin , Stevens Bjorn , Wendisch Manfred
Published: March 2023

Abstract. The instrumentation of the High Altitude and Long Range (HALO) research aircraft is extended by the new Broadband AirCrAft RaDiometer Instrumentation (BACARDI) to quantify the radiative energy budget. Two sets of pyranometers and pyrgeometers are mounted to measure upward and downward solar (0.3–3 µm) and thermal–infrared (3–100 µm) irradiances. The radiometers are installed in a passively ventilated fairing to reduce the effects of the dynamic environment, e.g., fast changes in altitude and temperature. The remaining thermal effects range up to 20 W m−2 for the pyranometers and 10 W m−2 for the pyrgeometers. Using data collected by BACARDI during a night flight, it is demonstrated that the dynamic components of the offsets can be parameterized by the rate of change of the radiometer sensor temperatures, providing a greatly simplifying correction of the dynamic thermal effects. The parameterization provides a linear correction function (200–500 W m−2 K−1 s) that depends on the radiometer type and the mounting position of the radiometer on HALO. Furthermore, BACARDI measurements from the EUREC4A (Elucidating the Role of Clouds—Circulation Coupling in Climate) field campaign are analyzed to characterize the performance of the radiometers and to evaluate all corrections applied in the data processing. Vertical profiles of irradiance measurements up to 10 km altitude show that the thermal offset correction limits the bias due to temperature changes to values below 10 W m−2. Measurements with BACARDI during horizontal, circular flight patterns in cloud-free conditions demonstrate that the common geometric attitude correction of the solar downward irradiance provides reliable measurements in this typical flight section of EUREC4A, even without active stabilization of the radiometer.
Ion’s ring current: regularities of the energy density distributions on the main phase of geomagnetic storms
Authors: Kovtyukh Alexander
Published: March 2023

Abstract. Based on the results of measurements near the equatorial plane a fluxes of H+ and O+ ions of the ring current (RC) from the Explorer 45, AMPTE/CCE, and Van Allen Probes (A and B) satellites, a systematic analysis of spatial distributions of the energy density for these ions on the main phase of magnetic storms was carried out. The radial profile of the RC ions energy density is characterized by the maximum (Lm) and by the ratio of the energy densities of the ions and the magnetic field at this maximum (ßm), and at L > Lm this profile is approximated by the function w(L) = w0exp(–L/L0). Quantitative dependences of the parameters Lm, ßm, w0 and L0 on the Dst index, ion energy (E), and magnetic local time (MLT) are obtained; these dependences are different for H+ and O+ ions, as well as for ions of low (E < 60 keV) and higher energies. A strong azimuthal asymmetry of the RC ions with E ~ 1–300 keV at L > Lm was revealed: for H++O+ and O+ ions, L0 increases systematically with the increasing MLT from evening to midnight sector, while for H+ ions L0 decreases; energy density of O+ ions is more uniformly distributed over MLT compared with H+ ions. For O+ ions with E ~ 1–300 keV, ßm ∝ Lm–6; this result this result shows that a deeper penetration of hot plasma into a geomagnetic trap, during strong storms, requires not only a stronger electric field of convection, but also a significant preliminary accumulation and acceleration of ions (especially O+ ions) in the source of the RC. It is shown that the greater |Dst| at the end of the main phase of storms, the smaller the contribution of ions with E < 60 keV and the greater the contribution of higher-energy ions to the RC energy density (the average energy of ions increases); such effect can be associated with increases of the radial diffusion of ions with the increasing the strength of storm and the main phase duration.
Comparison of radiation belts electron fluxes simultaneously measured with PROBA-V/EPT and RBSP/MagEIS instruments
Authors: Winant Alexandre , Pierrard Viviane , Botek Edith
Published: March 2023

Abstract. Relativistic radiation belt electron observations from the Energetic Particle Telescope (EPT) onboard the PROBA-V satellite are compared to those performed by the Magnetic Electron Ion Spectrometer (MagEIS) onboard the Van Allen Probes (VAPs) formerly known as the Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RBSP). Despite their very different orbits, both instruments are able to measure fluxes of electrons trapped on a given magnetic shell. In the outer belt, the comparison of high and low altitude fluxes is performed during the first three months of 2014, featuring the most intense storms of the year. In the inner belt, measurements from the two instruments are compared only at conjunction, when the satellites are physically close to each other. Due to the low number of conjunctions, the whole period of mutual operation of both instrument is used (i.e. May 2013–October 2019). The comparisons show that flux variations appear simultaneously on both spacecraft, but the fluxes observed by the EPT are almost always lower than for MagEIS, as expected from their different orbits. In addition, this difference in flux intensity increases with electron energy. During geomagnetic storms, it is also shown that dropout events (i.e. sudden depletion of electrons) in the outer belt are more pronounced at low altitudes than near geomagnetic equator. The effect of the equatorial pitch angle value of electrons is investigated in the outer belt. The results show a good agreement between observations of the two instruments, especially if low pitch angle electrons near the equator are considered.
Effect of intermittent structures on the spectral index of the magnetic field in the slow solar wind
Authors: Wang Xin , Fan Xuanhao , Wang Yuxin , Wu Honghong , Zhang Lei
Published: March 2023

Abstract. Intermittent structures are ubiquitous in the solar wind turbulence,
and they can significantly affect the power spectral index (which reflects the cascading process of
the turbulence) of
magnetic field fluctuations. However, to date, an analytical relationship between the intermittency level and the magnetic spectral index has not been shown. Here, we
present the continuous variation in the magnetic spectral index in
the inertial range as a function of the intermittency level. Using the measurements from the Wind spacecraft, we find 42 272
intervals with different levels of intermittency and with a
duration of 5–6 min from 46 slow-wind streams between 2005 and
2013. Among them, each of the intermittent intervals is composed of
one dominant intermittent structure and background turbulent
fluctuations. For each interval, a magnetic spectral index αB is
determined for the Fourier spectrum of the magnetic field fluctuations
in the inertial range between 0.01 and 0.3 Hz. A parameter
Imax, which corresponds to the maximum of the trace of the partial
variance increments of the intermittent structure, is introduced as
an indicator of the intermittency level. Our statistical result
shows that, as Imax increases from 0 to 20, the magnetic
spectrum becomes gradually steeper and the magnetic spectral index αB
decreases from −1.63 to −2.01. Accordingly, for the first time, an empirical
relation is established between αB and Imax: αB=0.4exp⁡(-Imax/5)-2.02. The
result will help us to uncover more details about the contributions of
the intermittent structures to the magnetic power spectra and, furthermore, about
the physical nature of the energy cascade taking place in the solar
wind. It will also help to improve turbulence theories that contain intermittent structures.
The emergence of the tropical rainforest biome in the Cretaceous
Authors: Coiffard Clément , El Atfy Haytham , Renaudie Johan , Bussert Robert , Uhl Dieter
Published: March 2023

Abstract. Modern tropical rainforests (TRFs) are one of the most
ecologically important and species-rich biomes on the planet. However, the
origin of modern TRFs is still debated, especially due to the incongruence
between the fossil record and molecular data. Here, we test whether
Campanian assemblages from northeastern Africa could represent fossil TRF
vegetation. In so doing, we compare the investigated assemblages with other
assemblages known to represent temperate forests, subtropical forests, and
TRF in terms of leaf physiognomy, species richness, and taxonomic
composition. We conclude based on fossil leaves that modern-looking TRFs
already existed since 80 Ma during the Campanian in northeastern Africa
in an area corresponding to 10 % of the modern Amazonian or 25 % of the
Congolese TRF. The apparent conflict between the fossil record and
phylogenetic evidence is due to the nearly complete absence of published
tropical floras for the Cretaceous.
Methane emissions from Arctic landscapes during 2000–2015: an analysis with land and lake biogeochemistry models
Authors: Liu Xiangyu , Zhuang Qianlai
Published: March 2023

Abstract. Wetlands and freshwater bodies (mainly lakes) are the largest
natural sources of the greenhouse gas CH4 to the atmosphere. Great efforts
have been made to quantify these source emissions and their uncertainties.
Previous research suggests that there might be significant uncertainties
coming from “double accounting” emissions from freshwater bodies and
wetlands. Here we quantify the methane emissions from both land and
freshwater bodies in the pan-Arctic with two process-based biogeochemistry
models by minimizing the double accounting at the landscape scale. Two
non-overlapping dynamic areal change datasets are used to drive the models.
We estimate that the total methane emissions from the pan-Arctic are 36.46 ± 1.02 Tg CH4 yr−1 during 2000–2015, of which wetlands and
freshwater bodies are 21.69 ± 0.59 Tg CH4 yr−1 and 14.76 ± 0.44 Tg CH4 yr−1, respectively. Our estimation narrows the
difference between previous bottom-up (53.9 Tg CH4 yr−1) and
top-down (29 Tg CH4 yr−1) estimates. Our correlation analysis
shows that air temperature is the most important driver for methane emissions
of inland water systems. Wetland emissions are also significantly affected by
vapor pressure, while lake emissions are more influenced by precipitation and
landscape areal changes. Sensitivity tests indicate that pan-Arctic lake
CH4 emissions were highly influenced by air temperature but less by
lake sediment carbon increase.
Enrichment of calcium in sea spray aerosol through bulk measurements and individual particle analysis during the R/V Xuelong cruise over the Ross Sea, Antarctica
Authors: Su Bojiang , Bi Xinhui , Zhang Zhou , Liang Yue , Song Congbo , Wang Tao , Hu Yaohao , Li Lei , Zhou Zhen , Yan Jinpei , Wang Xinming , Zhang Guohua
Published: March 2023

Abstract. Calcium is known to be enriched in sea spray aerosols (SSA), but its controlling factors and individual mixing states remain ambiguous. Here, we investigate the impact of various environmental factors on the water-soluble calcium (Ca2+) distribution in SSA through R/V Xuelong cruise observations over the Ross Sea, Antarctica, from December 2017 to February 2018. We observed enhanced Ca2+ enrichment in aerosol samples at lower temperatures (< -3.5 °C), lower wind speeds (< 7 m s-1) and in the presence of sea ice. Further individual particle mass spectral analysis indicated that considerable fractions of calcium in SSA likely bind with organic matter (a single-particle type, OC-Ca), which may be neglected in current water-soluble estimation of Ca2+ enrichment. Also, this is the first time that a calcium-dominated single-particle type has been observed in the Antarctic atmosphere. We suggest that a broader focus on individual OC-Ca and its subsequent environmental behavior should be included in future Antarctic atmospheric modeling. Given the context of global warming and sea ice retreat, an understanding of the mechanisms of calcium enrichment and mixing state of individual particles involved is valuable for further recognizing the aerosol-cloud-climate interactions in the Antarctica summer.
Intrinsic Predictability Limits arising from Indian Ocean MJO Heating: Effects on tropical and extratropical teleconnections
Authors: Straus David Martin , Domeisen Daniela I. V. , Lock Sarah-Jane , Molteni Franco , Yadav Priyanka
Published: March 2023

Abstract. Since the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) is a major source for tropical and extratropical variability on weekly to monthly timescales, the intrinsic predictability of its global teleconnections is of great interest. As the tropical diabatic heating associated with the MJO ultimately drives these teleconnections, the effect of the variability of heating among various episodes of the same MJO phase will limit this predictability. In order to assess this limitation, a suite of 60-day ensemble reforecasts has been carried out with the ECMWF forecast model, spanning 13 starting dates from 01 Nov and 01 Jan for different years. The initial dates were chosen so that phases 2 and 3 of the MJO (with anomalous tropical heating in the Indian Ocean sector) were present in the observed initial conditions. The 51 members of an individual ensemble use identical initial conditions for the atmosphere and ocean. Stochastic perturbations to the tendencies produced by the atmospheric physics parameterizations are applied only over the Indian Ocean region. This guarantees that the spread between reforecasts within an ensemble is due to perturbations in heat sources only in the Indian Ocean sector. The point-wise spread in the intra-ensemble (or error) variance of vertically integrated tropical heating Q is larger than the average ensemble mean signal even at early forecast times; however the planetary wave component of Q (zonal waves 1–3) is predictable for 24 days for 01 Nov starts and 28 days for 01 Jan starts. The predictability times, measured by the time at which the error variance reaches 0.5 of its saturation value, decreases to 18–20 days for zonal waves 4–10, and 14 days for waves 11–21. In contrast, the planetary wave component of the 200 hPa Rossby wave source, which is responsible for propagating the influence of tropical heating to the extratropics, is only predictable for 14 to 19 days, very close to the predictability times for the 200 hPa vorticity in the 40° N–50° N latitude belt. In terms of geographical distribution, substantial ensemble spread of heating and 200 hPa vorticity propagates from the tropics to the Northern Hemisphere storm-track regions by days 15–16. Following the growth of upper tropospheric spread in planetary wave heat flux, the stratosphere provides a feedback in enhancing the error via downward propagation towards the end of both Nov. and Jan. reforecasts.
Crowdsourced Doppler measurements of time standard stations demonstrating ionospheric variability
Authors: Collins Kristina , Gibbons John , Frissell Nathaniel , Montare Aidan , Kazdan David , Kalmbach Darren , Swartz David , Benedict Robert , Romanek Veronica , Boedicker Rachel , Liles William , Engelke William , McGaw David G. , Farmer James , Mikitin Gary , Hobart Joseph , Kavanagh George , Chakraborty Shibaji
Published: March 2023

Abstract. Ionospheric variability produces measurable effects in Doppler shift of HF (high-frequency, 3–30 MHz) skywave signals. These effects are straightforward to measure with low-cost equipment and are conducive to citizen science campaigns. The low-cost Personal Space Weather Station (PSWS) network is a modular network of community-maintained, open-source receivers, which measure Doppler shift in the precise carrier signals of time standard stations. The primary goal of this paper is to explain the types of measurements this instrument can make and some of its use cases, demonstrating its role as the building block for a large-scale ionospheric and HF propagation measurement network which complements existing professional networks. Here, data from the PSWS network are presented for a period of time spanning late 2019 to early 2022. Software tools for the visualization and analysis of this living dataset are also discussed and provided. These tools are robust to data interruptions and to the addition, removal or modification of stations, allowing both short- and long-term visualization at higher density and faster cadence than other methods. These data may be used to supplement observations made with other geospace instruments in event-based analyses, e.g., traveling ionospheric disturbances and solar flares, and to assess the accuracy of the bottomside estimates of ionospheric models by comparing the oblique paths obtained by ionospheric ray tracers with those obtained by these receivers. The data are archived at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6622111 (Collins, 2022).
Implementation and assessment of a model including mixotrophs and the carbonate cycle (Eco3M_MIX-CarbOx v1.0) in a highly dynamic Mediterranean coastal environment (Bay of Marseille, France) (Part I): Evolution of ecosystem composition under limited light and nutrient conditions
Authors: Barré Lucille , Diaz Frédéric , Wagener Thibaut , Van Wambeke France , Mazoyer Camille , Yohia Christophe , Pinazo Christel
Published: March 2023

Abstract. Many current biogeochemical models rely on an autotrophic versus heterotrophic food web representation. However, in recent years, an increasing number of studies have begun to challenge this approach. Several authors have highlighted the importance of protists capable of combining photoautotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition in a single cell. These mixotrophic protists are known to play an important role in the carbon cycle. Here, we present a new biogeochemical model that represents the food web using variable stoichiometry. It contains the classic compartments such as zooplankton, phytoplankton and heterotrophic bacteria, and a newly added compartment to represent two types of mixotrophic protists: non constitutive mixotrophs (NCM) and constitutive mixotrophs (CM). We demonstrate that the model correctly reproduces the characteristics of NCM and CM and proceed to study the impact of light and nutrient limitation on planktonic ecosystem structure in a highly dynamic Mediterranean coastal area: the Bay of Marseille (BoM, France), paying special attention to the dynamics of mixotrophic protists in these limiting conditions. In addition, we investigate the carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus fluxes associated with mixotrophic protists and showed that: (i) the portion of the ecosystem occupied by NCM decreases when resources (nutrient and prey concentrations) decrease, although their mixotrophy allows them to maintain a relatively high carbon biomass as photosynthesis increase as food source; (ii) the portion of the ecosystem occupied by CM increases when nutrient concentrations decrease, due to their capability to ingest prey to supplement their N and P needs.
Estimation of hydraulic conductivity functions in karst regions by particle swarm optimization with application to Lake Vrana, Croatia
Authors: Travaš Vanja , Zaharija Luka , Stipanić Davor , Družeta Siniša
Published: March 2023

Abstract. To examine the effectiveness of various technical solutions for minimizing the adverse effects of saltwater intrusion in Lake Vrana, Croatia, a reliable mathematical model for describing the exchange of fresh- and saltwater between the lake and its surroundings is needed. For this purpose, a system of two ordinary and nonlinear differential equations is used. The variable coefficients represent hydraulic conductivity functions that are used to quantify groundwater flow and should be appropriately estimated by relying on data obtained by in situ measurements. In the abstract space of all possible hydraulic conductivity functions, the method of particle swarm optimization was used to search for functions which will minimize the difference between the predicted (modeled) and realized (measured) water surface elevation in the lake through the time span of 6 years (which includes relevant hydrological extremes – droughts and floods). The associated procedure requires the parameterization of conductivity functions which will define the number of dimensions of the search space. Although the considered mass exchange processes are significantly nonlinear, and the parametrization of hydraulic conductivity functions can define a search space with a relatively large number of dimensions (60 dimensions were used to estimate the hydraulic conductivity functions of Vrana lake), the presented example confirms the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Central Asia's spatiotemporal glacier response ambiguity due to data inconsistencies and regional simplifications
Authors: Barandun Martina , Pohl Eric
Published: March 2023

Abstract. We have investigated the drivers behind the observed spatiotemporal mass balance heterogeneity in Tien Shan and Pamir, in High Mountain Asia. To study the consistency of the different interpretations derived from the available meteorological reanalysis and remote sensing products, we used correlation analyses between climatic and static drivers with novel estimates of region-wide annual glacier mass balance time series. These analyses were performed both spatially using different spatial classifications of glaciers and temporally for each individual glacier.
Our results show that the importance of the variables studied depends strongly on the dataset used and which spatial classification of glaciers is chosen. This extends to opposing results using the different products. Even supposedly similar datasets lead to different and partly contradicting assumptions on dominant drivers of mass balance variability. The apparent but false consistencies across studies using a single dataset are related, according to our results, to the chosen dataset or spatial classification rather than to the processes or involved environmental variables.
Without a glaciological, meteorological, and hydrological in situ observation network providing data that allow for the direct calibration and validation of extensive datasets, our understanding of neither the changing cryosphere at the regional scale for Tien Shan and Pamir nor glacier response to climate change or the assessment of water availability for the region’s growing population can improve.
Investigation of links between dynamical scenarios and particularly high impact of Aeolus on numerical weather prediction (NWP) forecasts
Authors: Martin Anne , Weissmann Martin , Cress Alexander
Published: March 2023

Abstract. Global wind profiles from the Aeolus satellite mission provide an important source of wind information for numerical weather prediction (NWP). Data assimilation experiments show large mean changes in the analysis and a significant reduction in forecast errors. At Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD), a 3-month observing system experiment (OSE), from July 2020 to October 2020, was performed to evaluate the impact of the Aeolus horizontal line-of-sight (HLOS) wind observations in the operational data assimilation system of the ICOsahedral Nonhydrostatic (ICON) global model. To better understand the underlying dynamics leading to the overall beneficial impact, specific time periods and regions with a particularly high impact of Aeolus are investigated. In this study, we illustrate three examples of atmospheric phenomena that constitute dynamical scenarios for significant forecast error reduction through the assimilation of Aeolus: the phase shift of large-scale tropical circulation systems, namely the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO) and the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and the interaction of tropical cyclones undergoing extratropical transition (ET) with the midlatitude waveguide.
Revision of the Caucasian Myrmeleontoid Lacewings (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae, Ascalaphidae, Nemopteridae) Collection of the Georgian National Museum, Identified By P. Esben-Petersen
Authors: KERIMOVA Ilhama G. , KRIVOKHATSKY Viktor A. , PKHAKADZE Vera , MANDARIA Natalia D. , PETROV Valera
Published: March 2023

The present work assesses the Tiflis collection (now the collection of the National Georgian Museum in Tbilisi) of Myrmeleontoid lacewings (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae, Ascalaphidae, Nemopteridae), identified by the remarkable taxonomist Peter Esben-Petersen at the beginning of the 20th century (Esben-Petersen, 1913). We have confirmed most of his determinations, some of which have been updated in modern accepted combinations. Some of the specimens listed in the original publication were not found in the collection, and some specimens belonging to species not described during Petersen’s lifetime were identified or redefined. The total list of 17 described and assigned species in the collection is updated to 20. To facilitate the identification of Caucasian species of the tribe Myrmecaelurini, keys are provided. New synonymy in Nemopteridae established: Lertha palmonii Tjeder, 1970: 219 = Nemoptera extensa Olivier, 1811 [recently Olivierina extensa (Olivier, 1811)] syn. nov.
The Importance of Emotional Intelligence for Transformational Leaders: A Critical Analysis
Authors: Munir Saqib , Shakeel Muhammad , Waheed Khawaja Zeeshan
Published: March 2023

The relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and transformational leadership (TFL) has received growing attention in recent years. The aim of the critical analysis was to explore the nature of this relationship and provide an insight into how emotional intelligence influences the transformational leadership style. The study revealed a positive and significant relationship between emotional intelligence and transformational leadership. EI has been found to be a predictor of transformational leadership, and individuals with higher emotional intelligence have been observed to exhibit transformational leadership qualities more frequently. The study highlights the need for organizations to prioritize the development of emotional intelligence in their leaders, as it can enhance their transformational leadership abilities. The critical analysis comes to the conclusion that EI is essential for transformational leaders in order to develop connections, encourage workers to reach their potential, and establish trust. Overall, this comprehensive review offers a thorough assessment of the research on TL and EI, emphasising the need of EI for effective leadership.
Capillary Absorption of NBRRI Interlocking Compressed Stabilized Earth Blocks
Authors: M.J. Zingfat , B.Y. Mailafiya , J.D. Garnvwa , Z.S. Pyendang
Published: March 2023

Buildings constructed without an adequate damp-proof membrane are usually affected by a lot of problems and capillary action is one of them. Continuous research and development of stabilised earth, taking into account; its socio-economic concerns, structural suitability and environmental friendliness as a contemporary walling material have been an issue of growing interest. NBRRI has invested a lot of research time and effort in the development of CSEB technology. This CSEB when used for construction is subjected to conditions that expose it to water and sound. All these conditions are important considerations when designing and constructing a building for a particular purpose. Therefore, this study was aimed at producing standard NBRRI CSEB to investigate the coefficients of capillary absorption. The laterite used for this study was sourced in Jos, Plateau state. And also Dangote ordinary Portland cement was used for the stabilisation. The results show that an average amount of water absorbed within 10 minutes of exposure is up to a tenth of the block's total mass, indicating high water absorption at 5% cement stabilisation of the classified silty sand used.
Model Based Reinforcement Learning: Policy Iteration, Value Iteration, and Dynamic Programming
Authors: Brunton Steven L.
Published: March 2023

Here we introduce dynamic programming, which is a cornerstone of model-based reinforcement learning. We demonstrate dynamic programming for policy iteration and value iteration, leading to the quality function and Q-learning.
Deep Learning for Turbulence Closure Modeling
Authors: Brunton Steven L.
Published: March 2023

Machine learning, and in particular deep neural networks, are currently revolutionizing how we model turbulent fluid dynamics. This video describes how deep learning is being used for turbulence closure modeling, especially for the Reynolds averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) equations and large eddy simulations (LES).
Sparse Nonlinear Dynamics Models with SINDy, Part 2: Training Data & Disambiguating Models
Authors: Brunton Steven L.
Published: March 2023

This video discusses data requirements for the Sparse Identification of Nonlinear Dynamics (SINDy) algorithm. Specifically, we discuss the required sampling rate and duration for clean data and how to compute SINDy for noisy data. The integral SINDy extension is described, which enables the discovery of a hierarchy of fluid and plasma models that are more or less complex than the standard Navier-Stokes and MHD models. Finally, we discuss the condition number of the SINDy regression and how this may be improved to better disambiguate between multiple consistent models.