bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular Detection of Leptospira Species Serotypes in Iranian Stray Dogs
Authors: Torkan Saam , Momtaz Hassan
Published: June 2019

Background and Aims: Leptospirosis is a spirochetal disease with public health importance globally. This disease affects a wide range of domestic and wild animals. Dogs are one of the species most sensitive to Leptospira canicola and Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae. The present study was concluded to evaluate the prevalence rate of Leptospira species and L. canicola and L. icterohaemorrhagiae serovars in Iranian stray dogs.
Materials and Methods: One-hundred and twenty blood samples were first taken from stray dogs. Then the samples were transferred to the laboratory. Sera were extracted from blood samples and genomic DNA was extracted. DNA samples were subjected to conventional polymerase chain reaction. Positive samples for Leptospira spp. were analyzed for presence of L. canicola and L. icterohaemorrhagiaeserovars using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).
Results: Nine samples out of 120 serum samples (7.5%) were positive for the flagella gene of the Leptospira spp. Prevalence of Leptospira spp. in serum samples of male and female dogs were 5.4% and 10.86%, respectively. Prevalence of L. canicola and L. icterohaemorrhagiae serovars were 55.55% and 33.33%, respectively. We found that 11.11% of samples were positive for both serovars. Two to three and 3-4 year old dogs had the highest prevalence of Leptospira spp.
Conclusions: The considerable prevalence of leptospirta spp. and also their zoonotic serovars among Iranian stray dogs represented an important public health issue regarding the contact of healthy human with these dogs. Identification of infected dogs and their vaccination can inhibit the distribution of Leptospira spp.
Traditional Fermented Indian Foods: A Treasure Hunt for Rare Lactic Acid Bacteria
Authors: Gautam N. , Sharma N.
Published: June 2019

The article's abstract is no available.
Microbial Ecology of Retail Ready-to-Eat Escarole and Red Chicory Sold in Palermo City, Italy
Authors: Francesca N. , Guarcello R. , Craparo V. , Moschetti G. , Settanni L. , Gaglio R.
Published: June 2019

Background: Ready-To-Eat (RTE) foods include any edible food that is commonly consumed raw. This study aimed at evaluation of microbial ecology of retail RTE escarole and red chicory sold in Palermo city, Italy. Methods: A total of 32 mono-varietal RTE samples, including escarole (n=16) and red chicory (n=16) samples were obtained from Palermo, Italy. Both RTE vegetables at expiry date were analyzed to quantify spoilage bacteria, pathogenic bacteria, and yeast. All different colonies were isolated and identified on the basis of phenotypic characteristics and genetic polymorphisms by random amplification of polymorphic DNA-Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and further genotype by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. The statistical analysis was conducted with SAS 9.2 software (Statistical Analysis System Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Results: The level of Listeria monocytogenes and coagulase-positive staphylococci were below the detection. Total microbial counts were above 8 log10 colony forming unit/g in RTE red chicory, while they were about 1 log cycle lower in escarole. In general, escarole showed lower levels for all microbial groups than red chicory with the exception of the total yeast. A total of 13 strains were identified into ten species belonging to six genera as Bacillus, Erwinia, Pantoea, Pseudomonas, Microbacterium, and Rahnella. The most numerous identified genera were Pseudomonas and Pantoea. Conclusion: This work pointed out the relevance of implementing good hygiene practices during processing in order to prolong quality parameters and acceptability of mono-varietal salads.
Antifungal Activities of Cymbopogon citratus Essential Oil against Aspergillus Species Isolated from Fermented Fish Products of Southern Benin
Authors: Dègnon R.G. , Allagbé A.C. , Adjou E.S. , Dahouenon-Ahoussi E.
Published: June 2019

Background: In Benin Republic, the conservation of fermented fishes for a long time is difficult due to the contamination of fungi, which lead to its rapid degradation. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of Cymbopogon citratus Essential Oil (EO) against Aspergillus species isolated from fermented fish samples. Methods: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to determinate the chemical composition of the C. citratus EO. The agar dilution method was used to evaluate the antifungal activity of the C. citratus EO against Aspergillus species. Data were analyzed using SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA, version 10.0. Results: The major components of C. citratus EO were geranial (41.3%), neral (33.0%), myrcene (10.4%), and geraniol (6.6%). The dominant Aspergillus fungi isolated from the fermented fish samples were A. ochraceus, A. oryzae, A. fumigatus, and A. parasiticus. C. citratus EO exhibited considerable antifungal activity against the growth of fungi isolated from fermented fish samples. There was no significant difference between minimal inhibitory concentrations and minimal fungicidal concentrations of A. ochraceus and A. parasiticus (p>0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this research clearly indicate that the C. citratus EO may be a practical application in controlling the growth of Aspergillus species in fermented fish.
Dominant Lactic Acid Bacteria in Naturally Fermented Milks from Messinese Goat’s Breed
Authors: Palmeri M. , Mancuso I. , Barbaccia P. , Cirlincione F. , Scatassa M.L.
Published: June 2019

Background: Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) are an important group of microorganisms responsible for the fermentation dairy products. This study was done to identify the dominant lactic acid bacteria in naturally fermented milks from Messinese goat’s breed. Methods: Eighteen individual raw milk samples collected from Messinese goat’s breed were acidified at pH 5.20 and left to spontaneously ferment at 37 °C for 4 days. All samples were analyzed for rod- and coccus-shaped LAB. Also, all presumptive LAB were isolated and differentiated according to their phenotypic properties and genetic polymorphisms and then identified by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. Data were statistically analyzed using SAS 9.2 software. Results: Levels of coccus- and rod-shaped LAB were in the range of 1.78-7.10 log and 1.00-7.09 log colony forming unit/ml, respectively. The microbiological counts on the two different growth media were significantly (p<0.05) different among the samples. Among 12 identified strains, the most numerous one was Enterococcus hirae (n=4), followed by E. faecium (n=3), while the other species (E. durans, E. faecalis, E. lactis, Lactococcus lactis, and Leuconostoc lactis) included one strain each. Conclusion: The major group identified in this study was mainly represented by members of Enterococcus genus. Although Enterococcus spp. are related to the typicality of some traditional fermented dairy products, this study highlights the need for risk assessment of pathogenic enterococci species for the consumers.
The Effect of Modified Atmosphere Packaging on Physicochemical, Microbial, and Sensorial Properties of Iranian Mazafati Date
Authors: Sarhadi H. , Sadeghizadeh-Yazdi J.
Published: June 2019

Background: Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) is one of the most convenient packaging methods that could be useful in reducing the wastes and extending the crops’ shelf-life. This research aimed to assess the impact of MAP containing high concentrations of carbon dioxide on physicochemical, microbial, and sensorial properties of Iranian Mazafati date. Methods: Date samples were packed separately in control and MAP treatment groups and stored at 5 and 25 °C. After 30, 60, and 90 storage days, acidity, Brix index, total count of bacteria, molds, and yeast, texture hardness, wettability, flavor, color changes of samples were evaluated. The data were analyzed by MSTAT-C software. Results: Acidity, Brix, and microbial loads in the MAP treatment groups were significantly (p<0.05) lower than control group. Hardness values of the date samples were significantly (p<0.05) decreased during 30, 60, and 90 days of storage time using MAP with low temperature. The MAP group at 5 °C and control group at 25 °C had the highest and lowest sensorial scores, respectively showing significant differences (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that application of the MAP method along with low temperature increases the shelf-life of Iranian Mazafati dates.
Corrigendum to “Comparison of Two Multiplex PCR Systems for Meat Species Authentication” [Journal of Food Quality and Hazards Control 6 (2019) 8-15]
Authors: Al-taghlubee D. , Misaghi A. , Shayan P. , Akhondzadeh Basti A. , Gandomi H. , Shayan D.
Published: June 2019

The article's abstract is no available.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING WEBTOONS TO DEVELOP STUDENTS’ SPEAKING PERFORMANCE ON RECOUNT
Authors: Ningrat Hay Citra , Mayasari Linda
Published: June 2019

Purpose of Study: This research is talking about the use of Webtoons comic in speaking on the recount. The aim of this research is to know whether this media is effective in teaching speaking on the recount.

Methodology: It is pre-experimental research with one group of pre test - post test. Thirty students in X-5 class at Muhammadiyah 1 high school Surabaya become the sample. The treatments had been done twice, so there are two pairs of results.

Results: The results are administered and calculated by using SPSS 21 for windows (paired T-test). The means of pair 1 are 31.93 (pre-test 1) and 34.77(post test 1). Meanwhile, the means of pair 2 are 32.00 (pre test 2) and 35.77 (post test 2). The sig value for pair 1 is .00 and pair 2 is .00. Based on these figures, it can be said that there is any different before and after the implementation of teaching speaking performance on a recount by using Webtoons. Even the improvement of students’ speaking competence on recount is not much, for the students.

Implications/Applications: Webtoons is an interactive teaching medium which makes them more enthusiastic, comfortable and easily arrange their text to be told.
EMPOWERING STUDENT’S CREATIVE THINKING SKILL IN BIOLOGY CLASSROOM: POTENTIAL OF GROUP INVESTIGATION COMBINED WITH THINK TALK WRITE (GITTW) STRATEGY
Authors: Listiana Lina , Bahri Arsad
Published: June 2019

Purpose of Study: Creative thinking skills are indispensable for the investigation of a problem, finding and analyzing facts and data in solving the problem. The role of creative thinking in learning to prepare students to be a problem solver. The lack of empowerment of the creative thinking skills of students in the biology classroom can be caused by the non-optimal application of learning strategies.

Methodology: This study was a quasi-experimental study designed to explore the effect of GI learning strategies, TTW, GITTW, and conventional learning in empowering creative thinking skills of students in high school. The research sample was 162 students of X grade of science majors SMA Muhammadiyah 1 in Surabaya, Indonesia academic year 2015/2016. Creative thinking skills of students measured by essay test given at the beginning and end of the study.

Results: The results showed that the application of learning strategies affected the creative thinking skills of students. GITTW learning strategy can maximize the creative thinking skills empowerment. Also, note that the strategy TTW could improve creative thinking skills were higher than GI and conventional strategy.

Implications/Applications: The GITTW strategy can be considered to be used by teachers as a learning strategy to empower creative thinking skills.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF BLENDED LEARNING BASED ON HANDPHONE FOR COMPUTER SYSTEM SUBJECT ON XI GRADE OF SMKN 1 BENGKULU CITY
Authors: Wibawa Basuki , . Paidi
Published: June 2019

Purpose of Study: Education has an important role to improve the quality of human resources that made the younger generations could develop their potential optimally. Vocational High School (SMK) is one of the educational institutions that has prepared their graduates to enter the working world. One of the compulsory programs in Vocational High School is the students were carried out on the fieldwork practices (PKL). To provide learning access for students as long as they stayed in the industry area, so it was necessary to give learning on blended learning by using handphone as a learning media. In order to get students’ learning outcomes be maximized, so the development of this learning should be done by applying Research and Development patterns that were adapted from The Steps of System Approach Model of Educational Research and Development (R & D), Fourth Edition and Seventh Edition by Borg and Gall. Blended learning models that would be developed are Norman Vaughan and Flipped Classroom Models. Learning materials were developed are computer system subject. The measurement of result development was done by the formative evaluation that consisted of one to one evaluation with expert, one to one evaluation with learner, small group and field trial.

Methodology: The methodology that was conducted is stages of learning model adopted from Model of The Steps of System Approach Model of Educational Reseach and Development (R & D), Fourth Edition and Seventh Edition by Borg and Gall. The blended learning model that will be developed is the Norman Vaughan model and Flipped Classroom Model. (Helena Gillespie et.all, 2007)

Results: Stages of learning model development that was adopted from Model of The Steps of System Approach Model of Educational Reseach and Development (R & D), Fourth Edition and Seventh Edition by Borg and Gall. The blended Vaughan model and Flipped Classroom Model. Stages of development process as follows:1) Data and Information Collecting, 2) Identity Instructional Goal, 3) Conduct instructional Analyze, 4) Analyze Learners and Contexts, 5) Write Performance Objectives, 6) Develop AssessmentInstrument, 7) Develop Instructional Strategy, 8 Develop and Select Instructional Materials, 9) Revise Instruction, 10) Design and Conduct Formative Evaluation of Instruction (Gall et all).

Implications/Applications: Development of blended learning based on handphone was appropriate to be used in learning at XI grade of SMK. It was caused that students of XI grade have followed the practice of field work for about 3 months, as long as the students followed the practice of fieldwork, it meant that the learning process was still being applied by using handphone media and learning outcomes showed that there was an improvement in learning outcomes.
Preface to the December 2014 issue
Authors: Cancela Héctor
Published: June 2019

Since 1998, CLEIej has been the leading electronic, open access journal in Computer Science in Latin America. This pioneering role has enabled the regional community to take advantage from a high-quality, peer-reviewed venue for publishing original research in all areas related to computing.
SBVR to OWL 2 Mappings: An Automatable and Structural-Rooted Approach
Authors: Reynares Emiliano , Caliusco María Laura , Galli Maria Rosa
Published: June 2019

The wide applicability of mapping business rules expressions to ontology statements have been recently recognized. Some of the most important applications are: (1) using of on- tology reasoners to prove the consistency of business domain information, (2) generation of an ontology intended to be used in the analysis stage of a software development process, and (3) the possibility of encapsulate the declarative specification of business knowledge into information software systems by means of an implemented ontology. The Semantics of Business Vocabulary and Business Rules (SBVR) supports that approach by provid- ing business people with a linguistic way to semantically describe business concepts and specify business rules in an independent way of any information system design. Although previous work have presented some proposals, an exhaustive and automatable approach for them is still lacking. This work presents a broad and detailed set of transformations that allows the automatable generation of an ontology implemented in OWL 2 from the SBVR specifications of a business domain. Such transformations are rooted on the struc- tural specification of both standards and are depicted through a case study. A real case validation example was performed, approaching the feasibility of the mappings by the quality assessment of the developed ontology.
Integration of Simas eric with google classroom: enhancing biology students motivation and scientific writing
Authors: Darmawan Ericka , Alamsyah Muhammad Radian Nur , Permadani Karunia Galih , Pamungkas Sekar Jati , Prajoko Setiyo , Sukmawati Ika , Wahono Bevo , Zamzami Muhammad Rizal Akbar
Published: June 2019

This research aims to improve the motivation and student scientific writing skill (SCWS) by applying the integration of Simas eric and Blended learning models. This study is a classroom action research method conducted in one of the classes in the biology education program for the National student scientific week (PIMNAS) project of biology education Program, Universitas Tidar. The results of the study were analyzed descriptively. The results showed an increase in students’ motivation and learning outcomes. Students’ learning motivation on average increased by 10.59% and SCWS on average increased by 33.28%. The results of this study can be an alternative reference for lecturers or educators as an effort to improve student learning motivation so that the learning outcomes obtained can increase. Therefore, the integration of Simas eric with google classroom can enhance students’ motivation and SCWS Subjects at the biology students.
Think talk write with pictured cards on human digestive system: impact of critical thinking skills
Authors: Bustami Yakobus , Riyati Yance , Julung Hendrikus
Published: June 2019

The critical thinking skill is one of the high-level thinking skills needed by students in the teaching and learning process. This research aimed to determine the effect of Think Talk Write (TTW) based picture cards on students’ critical thinking skills of class VIII on human digestive system material in SMP Negeri 6 Ketungau Tengah. The research was a quantitative approach using the quasi-experimental design. The populations were all eighth-grade students of SMP Negeri 6 Ketungau Tengah consisting of 41 students. The samples were VIII A class total of 22 students for the experimental class and VIII B class total of 19 students for the control class. Instruments used essay questions to measure critical thinking skills. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive and inferential analysis using the t-test. The descriptive analysis results in the TTW learning model showed that there was an increase in the mean value of students' critical thinking skills from pre-test to post-test by 66.34% and the conventional learning by 33.30%. The results of the inferential analysis show that there is a significant learning effect on students' critical thinking skills (p: 0,000 < 0.05). The mean value of the TTW learning model is better than the conventional learning. It is recommended that teachers be able to implement the TTW learning model based on picture cards in science learning to improve students' critical thinking skills.
Local knowledge and community behavior in the exploitation of parrots in surrounding area of aketajawe lolobata national park
Authors: Tamalene M Nasir , Hasan Said , Kartika K
Published: June 2019

Parrots include in birds of Aves class and Psittaciformes order. In Indonesia, parrots in known by their local species names such as Nuri (true parrot), Kakatua (Cockatoo), and Perkici (Loriini). Parrots can be found almost in all type of habitat in Halmahera Island, Maluku Utara Province, from mangrove forest to tropical rainforest in lowlands and highlands in Halmahera Island. The research aims to describe community activities in the exploitation of parrots around the Aketajawe Lolobata National Park, Halmahera Island. The study uses the ex-post facto method with the questionnaire as the instrument to interview the communities consist of the catcher, seller, and owner of parrots. Research result data is analyzed descriptively and presented in the form of tables and charts. The result shows that there are five kinds of parrots that are caught, sold, and raised by the communities of Gitaraja, Bale, Koli, and Kosa Village. The exploited birds are Kasturi Ternate (Lorius garrulus) Nuri Kalung Ungu (Eos scuamata), Nuri Bayan (Eclectus roratus), Kakatua Putih (Cacatua alba) and Kakatua Jambul Kuning (Cacatua galerita). The number of parrots being caught during 2013-2016 is 327, 320 are sold, and 213 are raised. The highest percentage of parrot catching and selling is 21% in 2013, and the lowest is 2% in 2016-2018. The highest percentage of raising is 8% in 2015, and the lowest is 3% in 2018. Kasturi Ternate (Lorius garrulus) is the species with the highest rate of exploitation.
Causes of Death of Professional Musicians in the Classical Genre
Authors: Kuusi Tuire , Haukka Jari , Myllykangas Liisa , Järvelä Irma
Published: June 2019

OBJECTIVE: Music practice and listening have been reported to have favorable effects on human health, but empirical data are largely missing about these effects. To obtain more information about the effect of exposure to music from early childhood, we examined the causes of death of
professional musicians in the classical genre. METHODS: We used standardized mortality ratios (SMR) for Finnish performing artists (n=5,780) and church musicians (n=22,368) during 1981-2016. We examined deaths from cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and neurodegenerative and alcohol-related
diseases. The diagnoses were based on the ICD-10, with data obtained from Statistics of Finland. RESULTS: Overall, SMR for all-cause mortality was 0.59 (95% CI 0.57–0.61) for church musicians and 0.75 (95% CI 0.70–0.80) for performing artists, suggesting a protective effect of
music for health. In contrast, we found increased mortality in alcohol-related diseases among female performing artists (SMR 1.85, 95% CI 1.06–2.95) and in neurodegenerative diseases among male performing artists (1.46, 95% CI 1.13–1.84). Additionally, we found higher SMRs for
female than male church musicians for cancers (SMRfemales 0.90, 95% CI 0.83–0.97; SMRmales 0.60, 95% CI 0.54–0.67) and cardiovascular diseases (SMRfemales 0.75, 95% CI 0.68–0.82; SMRmales 0.58, 95% CI 0.54–0.64). CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that the causes of death
in performers differ from those in church musicians. Performing artists are not protected from neurodegenerative diseases or alcohol-related deaths. The findings call for further study on the life-long effects of music in musicians.
Unusual Cause of Lateral Elbow Pain: A Case Report of Anconeus Muscle Contusion
Authors: Uluc Muhsin E , Cilengir Atilla H , Kazimoglu Cemal , Tosun Özgür
Published: June 2019

The anconeus muscle is a small and minor functioning muscle located at the posterolateral elbow region. It helps forearm extension and tightening of the joint capsule. Despite its limited functions, pathologies of the anconeus muscle can mimic other abnormalities of the elbow joint.
Here, we report a rare case of a traumatic anconeus muscle contusion in a 15-year-old boy due to falling during dance. MRI showed contusion in the anconeus muscle, as well as strain in the ulnar collateral ligament and edema in the coronoid process of the ulna. To our knowledge, this is the
first described case of traumatic anconeus muscle contusion in the literature. The presence of long-lasting lateral elbow pain in trauma cases without fracture should alert clinicians to consider anconeus muscle abnormalities. MRI is the best modality for diagnosis in these cases.
Is It Anxiety or Arousal That Can Facilitate Musical Performance?
Authors: Gannon Patrick
Published: June 2019

Is it anxiety or arousal that can facilitate musical performance? This is a complicated question that begs for clarification. This letter is an attempt to dig into the issue by framing some of the core questions that will hopefully lead to a greater understanding.
Effect of D-Mannose on Gene Expression of Neuraminidase Produced from Different Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Et al. Shehab
Published: June 2019

The present work aimed to investigate the neuraminidase (nan1) gene expression in 32 different clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to explore the role of the enzyme in different types of infection and might give a better understanding of host cell-pathogens interaction. In addition, the effect of monosaccharide D-mannose on neuraminidase gene expression in eight isolates was studied by utilizing a reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The results demonstrated that the highest expression of nan1 gene was in otitis samples (208,913.81) which were significantly higher than that from other infections (P < 0.01). While, the concentrations of gene copies obtained from urine, sputum and burns samples were 93,535.34, 92,254.64 and 74,029.63respectively. While the least expression in wound samples (32,017.06). This suggests that neuraminidase in ear samples might be more virulent and invasive followed by that from urine, sputum, burns and wounds samples. The considerable interest of addition D-mannose significantly reduced the rate of neuraminidase activity reached fivefold in some isolates. This indicates that D-mannose down regulates nan1 gene expression. Hence, this sugar could be used in the development of potential new antibacterial agents where it acts as a competitive neuraminidase inhibitors.
Stimulation of Macrophage Cells Against Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Using Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Et al. Al-Saeedi
Published: June 2019

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a disease caused by Leishmania tropica parasite. Current treatments for this parasite are undesirable because of their toxicity, resistance, and high cost. Macrophages are key players against pathogens. Nitric oxide (NO), a molecule produce by immune cells, controls intracellular killing of pathogens during infection. Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) demonstrated broad-spectrum activity against various types of infectious diseases. It has the ability to stimulate oxygen species production.  This study aims to analyze the macrophages activation through NO production and estimate the cytotoxicity based on the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release upon exposure to L. tropica and Ag NPs. Serially concentrations of Ag NPs were used under two conditions during and following macrophages exposure to L. tropica. MTT assay was used to determine the cytotoxicity of Ag NPs on L. tropica amastigotes during infection of macrophages in vitro. The results showed that by increasing the Ag NPs concentrations, the viability percentage of L. tropica amastigotes decreased and reached to 21.7 ± 0.64 % during infection compared with the control. The 50% inhibitory concentration of Ag NPs on amastigotes was 2.048µg/ml during infection. Moreover, post-phagocytosis study involved the assessment of NO and LDH release by macrophages upon exposure to L. tropica. It have shown that untreated macrophages released low levels of NO while in the presence of Ag NPs, macrophages were activated to produce higher levels of NO under all experimental conditions. On the other hand, macrophages were capable of controlling cytotoxicity and decreasing LDH levels during phagocytosis of L. tropica amastiogotes. Taking together, these findings suggest that Ag NPs can enhance macrophages NO production which provides a method for the identification of Ag NPs ligands with microbicidal and anti-cytotoxic properties against L. tropica pathogens.
Effect of Aqueous Extract Cyperus rotundus Tubers as Antioxidant on Liver and Kidney Functions in Albino Males Rats Exposed to Cadmium Chloride Toxic
Authors: Et al. Aldulaimi
Published: June 2019

The experiment was conducted in two stages: first stage: determination of the most effective dose of Cyperus rotundus tubers aquatic extract in male rats for 5 days, which was concentrated as (200 mg/kg body weight). The second stage was designed to observe and test the protective effects of C. rotundus tubers aquatic extract in the liver and kidney functions of male rats exposed to cadmium chloride poisoning (5 mg/kg bw) for 30 days. The animals were divided into (4) groups within each group (5) animals weighted (200-220g). The results of oral dose of cadmium chloride showed a significant increase of (P˂0.05) in the activity of both enzymes Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glucose, urea, uric acid, creatinine, malondialdehyde (MDA) and peroxynitrite (ONOO-). And a significant decrease (P˂0.05) in the values ​​of total protein, albumin, globulin and glutathione (GSH) compared with the control group. The oral dosage of the C. rotundus tubers aquatic extract resulted in a significant increase in GSH. The values ​​of each were not significantly different ALT, AST, ALP, Glucose, urea, uric acid, creatinine, total protein, albumin, globulin, MDA and peroxy nitrite Compare with control group. The results of the oral dosage with (C. rotundus tubers aquatic extract + cadmium chloride) showed a positive effect on these values ​​compared with the control group and cadmium chloride. It is concluded that the C. rotundus tubers aquatic extract has protective effects and reduces the effects that cadmium chloride can cause in rats liver and kidney functions through its antioxidant activity and removal of free radicals.
Assessing of Some Toxic Heavy Metals Levels and Using Geo Accumulation Index in Sediment of Shatt Al-Arab and the Iraqi Marine Region
Authors: Et al. Abdulnabi
Published: June 2019

Mercury, arsenic, cadmium and lead, were measured in sediment samples of river and marine environmental of Basra governorate in southern of Iraq. Sixteen sites of sediment were selected and distributed along Shatt Al-Arab River and the Iraqi marine environment. The samples were distributed among one station on Euphrates River before its confluence with Tigris River and Shatt Al-Arab formation, seven stations along Shatt Al-Arab River and eight stations were selected from the Iraqi marine region. All samples were collected from surface sediment in low tide time. ICP technique was used for the determination of mercury and arsenic for all samples, while cadmium and lead were measured for the same samples by using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. The results for all the measurements in Shatt Al-Arab sediment showed the values at extent: (0.0611-0.1233 µg/g), (0.5490-46.2052µg/g), (2.3356-4.7773 µg/g), (51.3309-107.0358 µg/g) for concentration of mercury, arsenic, cadmium and lead respectively.While the concentrations in marine sediment were recorded at range: arsenic (0.3510 - 46.0110 µg/g), cadmium (3.5136 - 5.5905 µg/g) and lead (43.68974-75.37045µg/g). The statistical analysis for all stations was studied by using the software SPSS v-20.0. It shows there are no significant differences in the concentrations between stations at P≥0.05 level and also the geo accumulation index was calculated for metals in all stations.
Micro Spectrophotometric Determination and Cloud Point Extraction of Sulphadimidine Sodium in Pure form and Pharmaceutical Drug
Authors: Et al. Dhahir
Published: June 2019

Two simple, rapid, and useful spectrophotometric methods were suggest or the determination of sulphadimidine sodium (SDMS) with and without using cloud point extraction technique in pure form and pharmaceutical preparation. The first  method was based on  diazotization of the Sulphdimidine Sodium drug by sodium nitrite at 5 ºC, followed by coupling with α –Naphthol in basic medium to form an orange colored product . The product was stabilized and its absorption was measured at 473 nm. Beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration range of (1-12) μg∙ml-1. Sandell’s sensitivity was 0.03012 μg∙cm-1, the detection limit was 0.0277 μg∙ml-1, and the limit of Quantitation was 0.03605μg∙ml-1.The second method was the cloud point extraction (CPE) using Trtion X-114 as surfactant. Beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration range of (1-12) μg∙ml-1. Sandell’s sensitivity was 0.02958 μg∙cm-1, the detection limit was 0.01745 μg∙ml-1, and the limit of quantitation was 0.028303 μg∙ml-1. All variables including the reagent concentration, reaction time, color stability period, and mole ratio were studied in order to optimize the reaction conditions. The mole ratio for the composition of product is (1:1). Both methods were effectively useful to the determination of sulphdimidine sodium in pharmaceutical dose form.  The attained results were in a good agreement with the official and other methods in the literature .No interference were observed from the commonly encountered additives and excipients.
Studying Reactivity Relationships of Copolymers N-naphthylacrylamide with (Acrylicacid and Methylacrylate)
Authors: Mohammed Ameen Hadi
Published: June 2019

The organation ⁄monomer N-naphthylacrylamide (NAA) was prepared; subsequently the synthesized monomer was successfully copolymerized with acrylicacid (AA) and methylacrylate (MA) by free radical technique using dry benzene as solvent and benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as initiator. The overall conversion was kept low (≤ 10% wt/wt) for all studies copolymers samples. The synthesized monomer and copolymers were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and their thermal properties were studied by DSC and TGA. The copolymers compositions were determined by elemental analysis. Kelen-Tudes and Finmman-Ross graphical procedures were employed to determine the monomers reactivity ratios. The derived reactivity ratios (r1, r2) are: (0.048, 0.687) for (NAA-co-AA) and (0.066, 0.346) for (NAA-co-MA). Based on the average reactivity ratios, sequence distribution of monomers in the copolymers and the microstructure of copolymers were calculated by statistical method and found that these values are in agreement with the derived reactivity ratios.
Effect of Dopant Concentration on the Structural, Optical and Sensing Properties of (SnO2)1-x(TiO2:CuO)x Sprayed Films
Authors: Et al. Mahmood
Published: June 2019

Spray pyrolysis technique was subjected to synthesized (SnO2)1-x (TiO2: CuO) x Thin films on different substrates like glass and single crystal silicon using. The structure of the deposited films was studied using x-ray diffraction. A more pronounced diffraction peaks of SnO2 while no peaks of (CuO , TiO2 ) phase appear in the X-ray profiles by increasing of the content of (TiO2 , CuO) in the sprayed films. Mixing concentration (TiO2 , CuO) influences on the size of the crystallites of the SnO2 films ,the size of crystallites of the spray paralyzed oxide films change in regular manner by increasing of (TiO2 , CuO) amount. The effect of mixing concentration on the optical properties of the films was also investigated. The reflectance and transmittance spectra  in the wavelength range (300-1100) nm were employed to determine the optical properties such as energy band gap (Eg) and refractive index (n),  extinction coefficient  (k) , real and imaginary parts of dielectric constants (ε1, ε2) for (SnO2)1-x(TiO2:CuO)x films. The energy band gap omit of which showed reduction from (3.65 to 2.2) eV by reducing of SnO2 amount from (100 to 70) % .The reduction of energy band gap was ascribed to the new tail states introduced in the band gap of tin oxide. The sensitivity of the prepared sensor film was determined resistance difference of the films when exposed to oxidizing gas. The data declared that the mixed SnO2 films have better sensitivity in comparison with unmixed films.
Promoting Solar Cell Efficiencies via Employing Sliver- Carbon- Pomegranate Peel Nano System
Authors: Et al. Hamza
Published: June 2019

In this work, a functional nanocomposite consisting of multi walled carbon nanotubes combined with nanoparticles of silver and Pomegranate peel extract (MWCNTs- SNPs -NPGPE) was successfully synthesized using ultra sonic technique. The nanocomposite has been characterized using Transmission electron microscope (TEM), XRD, Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) UV-Vis and FTIR. The obtained results reveal that the MWCNTs-SNPs-NPGPE nanocomposite exhibits form of nanotubes with rough surfaces and containing black spots, which are the silver nanoparticles. The dimensions of this tube are 161 nm in length and 60 nm in width with nanoparticles of silver not exceeding 20 nm. The XRD pattern of the prepared MWCNTs-SNPs-NPGPE nanocomposite showed four main peaks corresponding to the carbon nanotubes and planes of face centered cubic silver nanoparticles. The IR spectra referring to the(O-H) group stretching vibrations in carboxylic acid groups might come from NPGPE, and the stretching vibration of aliphatic C-H in carbon nanotubes. The carbon nanotube was used in solar cells (CNSCs) fabricated with and/or without fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) on the glass substrate with poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methylester (PCBM) blends (P3HT: PCBM). The FTO-(MWCNTs-SNPs-NPGPE / P3HT: PCBM/CNT/FTO-glass revealed more efficient CNSCs.
Thermoplasmonic of Single Au@SiO2 and SiO2@Au Core Shell Nanoparticles in Deionized Water and Poly-vinylpyrrolidoneMatrix
Authors: Et al. Gatea
Published: June 2019

Metal nanoparticles can serve as an efficient nano-heat source with confinement photothermal effects. Thermo-plasmonic technology allows researchers to control the temperature at a nanoscale due to the possibility of precise light propagation. The response of opto-thermal generation of single gold-silica core-shell nanoparticle immersed in water and Poly-vinylpyrrolidone surrounding media is theoretically investigated. Two lasers (CW and fs pulses) at the plasmonic resonance (532 nm) are utilized. For this purpose, finite element method is used via COMSOL multiphysics to find a numerical computation of absorption cross section for the proposed core –shell NP in different media. Thermo-plasmonic response for both lasers is studied. The heat profile of different nanostructures is estimated. The results revealed that the temperature distribution profile was varied due to changing in the relative volume fraction between the core and the shell of nanoparticle.
Properties of a Complete Fuzzy Normed Algebra
Authors: Et al. Kider
Published: June 2019

The aim of this paper is to translate the basic properties of the classical complete normed algebra to the complete fuzzy normed algebra at this end a proof of multiplication fuzzy continuous is given. Also a proof of every fuzzy normed algebra  without identity can be embedded into fuzzy normed algebra  with identity  and  is an ideal in  is given. Moreover the proof of the resolvent set of a non zero element in complete fuzzy normed space is equal to the set of complex numbers is given. Finally basic properties of the resolvent space of a complete fuzzy normed algebra is given.
On Skew Left n-Derivations with Lie Ideal Structure
Authors: Et al. Faraj
Published: June 2019

In this paper the centralizing and commuting concerning skew left -derivations and skew left -derivations associated with antiautomorphism on prime and semiprime rings were studied and  the commutativity of Lie ideal under certain conditions were proved.
Estimating the Reliability Function of (2+1) Cascade Model
Authors: Et al. Khaleel
Published: June 2019

This paper discusses reliability R of the (2+1) Cascade model of inverse Weibull distribution. Reliability is to be found when strength-stress distributed is inverse Weibull random variables with unknown scale parameter and known shape parameter. Six estimation methods (Maximum likelihood, Moment, Least Square, Weighted Least Square, Regression and Percentile) are used to estimate reliability. There is a comparison between six different estimation methods by the simulation study by MATLAB 2016, using two statistical criteria Mean square error and Mean Absolute Percentage Error, where it is found that best estimator between the six estimators is Maximum likelihood estimation method.
New Types of Pseudo Ideals in Pseudo Q-algebra
Authors: Et al. Abdullah
Published: June 2019

In this paper, we introduce the notions of Complete Pseudo Ideal, K-pseudo Ideal, Complete K-pseudo Ideal in pseudo Q-algebra. Also, we give some theorems and relationships among them are debated.
Proposing a Scheme for Human Interactive Proof Test sing Plasma Effect
Authors: Et al. Ali
Published: June 2019

Human Interactive Proofs (HIPs) are automatic inverse Turing tests, which are intended to differentiate between people and malicious computer programs. The mission of making good HIP system is a challenging issue, since the resultant HIP must be secure against attacks and in the same time it must be practical for humans. Text-based HIPs is one of the most popular HIPs types. It exploits the capability of humans to recite text images more than Optical Character Recognition (OCR), but the current text-based HIPs are not well-matched with rapid development of computer vision techniques, since they are either vey simply passed or very hard to resolve, thus this motivate that continuous efforts are required to improve the development of HIPs base text. In this paper, a new proposed scheme is designed for animated text-based HIP; this scheme exploits the gap between the usual perception of human and the ability of computer to mimic this perception and to achieve more secured and more human usable HIP. This scheme could prevent attacks since it's hard for the machine to distinguish characters with animation environment displayed by digital video, but it's certainly still easy and practical to be used by humans because humans are attuned to perceiving motion easily. The proposed scheme has been tested by many Optical Character Recognition applications, and it overtakes all these tests successfully and it achieves a high usability rate of 95%.
Fog Computing Resource Optimization: A Review on Current Scenarios and Resource Management
Authors: Et al. Dar
Published: June 2019

The unpredictable and huge data generation nowadays by smart computing devices like (Sensors, Actuators, Wi-Fi routers), to handle and maintain their computational processing power in real time environment by centralized cloud platform is difficult because of its limitations, issues and challenges, to overcome these, Cisco introduced the Fog computing paradigm as an alternative for cloud-based computing. This recent IT trend is taking the computing experience to the next level. It is an extended and advantageous extension of the centralized cloud computing technology. In this article, we tried to highlight the various issues that currently cloud computing is facing. Here in this research article, we present a comprehensive review of fog computing, differentiating it from cloud computing, also present various use-cases of fog computing in different domains, we came to conclude that Fog computing leads in an efficient energy resource management, leveraging the energy both in terms of consumption and cost scenarios. Further, we highlighted its key features, challenges and issues, resource optimization methods.
What’s in a Beer? Cultures that Interact in Brewery Privatization
Authors: Erdei Ildiko
Published: June 2019

This paper is based on a study of a local beer factory, located in the Serbian province of Vojvodina, which recently went through the privatization process. At the end of 2003, the Pančevo Brewery was taken over by Efes Group, thus becoming the most western operation in the process of Efes spreading across the European market. Although it is customary to conceptualize privatization as a purely economic issue, research of the privatization of such a local company by a large international producer provided us with an opportunity to observe, analyze and interpret various ways in which economy and culture inter-reacted, and became mutually dependent. The field of economic change was observed as a space of cultural transformation, where business, organizational and working cultures of “socialism” and “capitalism” met and influenced each other, both on institutional and personal levels. Different notions of “culture” that illustrate the increasing “culturalization” of economy at the turn of the century were singled out. Particular attention was paid to socialism as a legacy, operating through narrative and residual practices. At the same time, this legacy was an obstacle for desired change as well as a source for sustaining a sense of personal worth among employees faced with the approaching hegemonic narrative of “capitalism triumphant”.
Negotiating Partnership: How Serbian Hauzmajstor Established a Business Relationship with Austrian Rustler
Authors: Vučinić Nešković Vesna
Published: June 2019

This study is an account of how Serbian Hauzmajstor negotiated and entered into partnership with the Austrian Rustler. The introduction is devoted to the development of Hauzmajstor, a small real estate maintenance firm, founded by a Serbian repatriate in 2004. Beginning with its start up as the first daughter firm of Komon sens, a consulting and project development firm, the study follows its adaptation to the local business environment, concentrating on its organizational and business culture. The focus of the study is on the detailed description and analysis of experiences of the Hauzmajstor insiders with the Austrian Rustler, first as a potential, and later as an actual partner. In the end, a view from the other side, i.e. perceptions of Hauzmajstor by the Rustler Group area manager are given.
Transfer and Reception of New Institutional Economics: An Example of Two Universities in Serbia
Authors: Jovanović Aleksandra , Stevanović Aleksandar
Published: June 2019

The research “Transfer and Reception of New Institutional Economics: An Example of Two Universities in Serbia” was conducted in 2005/2006. In order to achieve the goals of the Serbian team of the DIOSCURI project, the main aim of the case study is analysis of the influence of Western institutions in the light of transfer and reception of new institutional economics in two academic institutions in Serbia: The Faculty of Law (The Department of Law and Economics) of the University of Belgrade, and The Faculty of Management of BK University. The title of the case study illustrates the focus of the entire research: analysis of Western influence, namely transfer and reception of new institutional economics, on the two institutions and possible obstacles caused by old-fashioned stakeholders and informal institutions. Bearing in mind that the Department of Law and Economics is the leader in the reception of the new institutional economics (NIE) in Serbia, the case study will be mostly about it. The Faculty of Management was chosen because of its “greenfield” character and the fact that from its very beginning it followed the experiences of North American universities. The research investigates whether and how the transfer and reception of the Western ideas and economic theory, particularly the NIE, is affected by the difference between an institution with a two-hundred-year tradition and a newly established one. The question is how a traditionalist institution like the Faculty of Law communicated Western economic thought and whether endurance in teaching the exclusively Marxian paradigm up until the 1990s, was an obstacle to the reception of Western economic thought, particularly NIE.