bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Real-time Plagiarism Detection Tool for Computer-based Assessments
Authors: J. Jeske Heimo , Lall Manoj , P. Kogeda Okuthe
Published: February 2018

Aim/Purpose: The aim of this article is to develop a tool to detect plagiarism in real time amongst students being evaluated for learning in a computer-based assessment setting.

Background: Cheating or copying all or part of source code of a program is a serious concern to academic institutions. Many academic institutions apply a combination of policy driven and plagiarism detection approaches. These mechanisms are either proactive or reactive and focus on identifying, catching, and punishing those found to have cheated or plagiarized. To be more effective against plagiarism, mechanisms that detect cheating or colluding in real-time are desirable.

Methodology: In the development of a tool for real-time plagiarism prevention, literature review and prototyping was used. The prototype was implemented in Delphi programming language using Indy components.

Contribution: A real-time plagiarism detection tool suitable for use in a computer-based assessment setting is developed. This tool can be used to complement other existing mechanisms.

Findings: The developed tool was tested in an environment with 55 personal computers and found to be effective in detecting unauthorized access to internet, intranet, and USB ports on the personal computers.

Recommendations for Practitioners: The developed tool is suitable for use in any environment where computer-based evaluation may be conducted.

Recommendation for Researchers: This work provides a set of criteria for developing a real-time plagiarism prevention tool for use in a computer-based assessment.

Impact on Society: The developed tool prevents academic dishonesty during an assessment process, consequently, inculcating confidence in the assessment processes and respectability of the education system in the society.

Future Research: As future work, we propose a comparison between our tool and other such tools for its performance and its features. In addition, we want to extend our work to include testing for scalability of the tool to larger settings.
Socioantropología de la religión en México. Historia y horizontes
Authors: Suárez Hugo José
Published: February 2018

Introducción a la sección temática del número 24 de la revista Cultura y Representaciones Sociales:Renée de la Torre, Itinerarios teórico-metodológicos de una etnografía transnacionalAlejandro Frigerio, ¿Por qué no podemos ver la diversidad religiosa?: Cuestionando el paradigma católico-céntrico en el estudio de la religión en LatinoaméricaCarlos Garma, Conversión y movilidad religiosa, propuesta para su análisisFernando Manuel González, Algunas de las paradojas del creer: una mirada psicoanalítica, sociológica y antropológica Hugo José Suárez, ¿Por qué la religión es indestructible? Entrevista a Gilberto GiménezTexto y fotos: Daniel David Rubín de la Borbolla. Un Santo Parrandero. Las fiestas de San Juan Parrandero en Jiutepec
Beyşehir Gölü Havzasının Yeraltısuyu Akım Modellemesi Esaslı Hidrojeolojik Özelliklerinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Soyaslan İbrahim İskender , Hepdeniz Kerem
Published: February 2018

Bu çalışmada, Isparta ve Konya
il sınırları içerisinde yer alan Beyşehir Gölü Havzasının hidrolojik ve
hidrojeolojik açıdan genel bir değerlendirilmesi yapılmıştır. Yeraltısuyu
havzalarında yapılacak yeraltısuyu akım modellemelerinde, birimlerin
hidrojeolojik özelliklerinin ve yeraltı jeolojisinin belirlenmesi büyük önem
taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, Beyşehir Gölü havzası için yapılacak
yeraltısuyu akım modellemesinde kullanılacak hidrojeolojik özelliklerin
belirlenmesidir. Beyşehir Gölü havzası; Şarkikaraağaç, Kıreli, Sarısu,
Karadiken, Üstünler, Yeşildağ, Yenişarbademli ve Gedikli olmak üzere sekiz alt
havzaya ayrılmıştı. Beyşehir Gölü havzası 4121 km2’lik bir alana
sahip olup, alt havzalardan en büyüğü 1134 km2’lik alanı ile Sarısu
havzası, en küçüğü ise 58 km2’lik alanı ile Karadiken havzasıdır. Çalışma
alanında bulunan jeolojik birimler hidrojeolojik özelliklerine göre ayrıntılı
olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Litolojik birimler hidrojeolojik özelliklerine
göre; Taneli Gözenekli Akifer Ortam (Akf1), Erime Çatlaklı Kaya Akifer Ortam
(Akf2), Akitard Ortam (Akt), Akiklüd Ortam (Akl), Akifüj Ortam 1 (Akj1) ve
Akifüj Ortam 2 (Akj2) olmak üzere altı alt sınıf ayırt edilmiştir. Çalışma
alanı için yapılacak yeraltısuyu akım modellemesinde kullanılacak model grid
ağları ve modelleme önerileri verilmiştir.
Avaliação da Influência de Dosímetros OSL na Dose na Pele em Radioterapia: Estudo por Simulação Monte Carlo
Authors: Schuch Franciely F , Nicolucci Patrícia
Published: February 2018

O interesse em materiais dosimétricos opticamente estimulados (OSL) para aplicação em Radioterapia vem crescendo devido ao seu potencial uso em controle da qualidade. O uso desses dosímetros em dosimetria in vivo, entretanto, pode influenciar a dose na pele e em profundidade no paciente. O objetivo desse trabalho é a avaliação da influência do material OSL Al2O3, na dose depositada na pele e em profundidade em tratamentos radioterápicos. Simulação Monte Carlo foi utilizada para avaliar esse propósito, quando dosímetros OSL são utilizados na superfície da pele do paciente. Curvas de porcentagem de dose profunda para feixes clínicos de 6 e 10 MV foram simuladas com e sem a presença do dosímetro na superfície de um objeto simulador homogêneo de água. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram uma diminuição nas doses em regiões próximas à superfície da pele. Na região de build-up, as máximas diminuições nas doses, produzidas pela presença dos dosímetros, foram de 52,5% e 47,5% para os feixes de 6 e 10 MV, respectivamente. Após a região de build-up, não há aumento significativo de dose para nenhum dos feixes utilizados. As diferenças de doses encontradas são devidas à influência do material dosimétrico na fluência relativa de elétrons em profundidade. Os resultados permitiram concluir que a presença do material dosimétrico na superfície interfere na dose na pele. Entretanto, esses dosímetros não provocam variações de dose em profundidades de interesse clínico, o que possibilita sua aplicação na rotina da dosimetria in vivo em Radioterapia.
Caracterização de feixes de TC utilizando Espectrometria Compton
Authors: Terini Ricardo Andrade , Nersissian Denise Yanikian , Campelo Maria Carolina S. , Yoshimura Elisabeth Mateus
Published: February 2018

É essencial obter espectros dos raios X em TC, visando obter parâmetros que caracterizam a qualidade do feixe e o desempenho do equipamento. Entretanto, os fluxos de fótons em TC são demasiado elevados para se medir os espectros diretamente com detetores comuns. Neste trabalho, foi projetado um espectrômetro Compton, com um detetor de CdTe, para obter o espectro de feixes de TC, a partir da medição do espectro do feixe espalhado a 90o por uma haste de PMMA. Um programa de computador foi desenvolvido em MatLab®, usando o formalismo de Waller-Hartree, para reconstruir os espectros incidentes no espalhador, a partir dos espectros dos feixes espalhados medidos. Medições no LDRFM, com feixes padronizados de TC, mostraram que o espectro reconstruído é semelhante ao do feixe medido diretamente. A influência da blindagem e da espessura do espalhador foram investigadas. O sistema foi testado em um scanner GE 690, permitindo posicionamento na mesa de exames e alinhamento com lasers, refinado por radiografia do sistema. Com o sistema adequadamente blindado, os espectros obtidos apresentaram valores de camada semi-redutora (CSR) compatíveis com aqueles medidos em testes de controle de qualidade e valores de kVp com precisão suficiente para avaliar a calibração em tensão do scanner.
Determinação da Dose dos Fótons Contaminantes de Feixes de Elétrons Clínicos usando o Método de Recozimento Simulado Generalizado
Authors: Wilches Visbal Jorge Homero , Martins Da Costa Alessandro
Published: February 2018

Os feixes de elétrons clínicos são compostos por uma mistura de elétrons puros e fótons de freamento produzidos nas estruturas internas do cabeçote do acelerador bem como no ar. O conhecimento acurado desses componentes é importante para o cálculo da dose quanto para o planejamento do tratamento. Existem ao menos duas abordagens para determinar a contribuição dos fótons na porcentagem de dose em profundidade dos elétrons clínicos: a) Método Analítico que calcula a dose dos fótons a partir da prévia determinação do espectro dos fótons de freamento incidentes; b) Método de Ajuste baseado em uma formula biexponencial semiempírica em que quatro parâmetros devem ser estabelecidos a partir de métodos de otimização. Os resultados revelam que o método de recozimento simulado generalizado consegue calcular a dose dos fótons contaminantes superestimando a dose na cauda não mais do que 0,6% da dose máxima (elétrons e fótons).
Assessment of cerebral perfusional and functional connectivity in schizophrenia using magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Oliveira Icaro Agenor Ferreira de , Guimarães Tiago M , Souza Roberto M , Dos Santos Antonio C , Sousa Joao Paulo M , Hallak Jaime E. C. , Leoni Renata F
Published: February 2018

Schizophrenia is a significant mental disorder that compromises structural and functional aspects of the brain, with an extreme effect on the patient’s thoughts, feelings, and behavior. Physiologically, in addition to functional and structural abnormalities, changes in neuronal activity are reported. Since the cerebral blood flow (CBF) is directly related to neuronal activity, the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique called arterial spin labeling (ASL), which allows the quantification of CBF, is a useful tool in brain perfusional evaluation. In addition, ASL can be used to assess functional connectivity, which is efficient in investigating functional impairment between regions of the brain. Pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) images were acquired from 28 schizophrenia patients in treatment and 28 age-matched healthy controls. Static CBF and connectivity patterns were assessed. Decreased CBF and functional connectivity were observed in regions that forms two resting brain networks, default mode (DMN) and salience (SN), for schizophrenia patients. Previous studies related the features of this pathology with altered resting CBF and functional disconnections. Therefore, using a noninvasive technique, we were able to find CBF deficits and altered functional organization of the brain in schizophrenia patients that are associated with the symptoms and characteristics of the disorder.
Son üç Yılda Kliniğimizde İzlenen Diyabetik Ayak İnfeksiyonlarının Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Konya Petek , Demirtürk Neşe
Published: February 2018

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, kliniğimizde tedavi gören
Diabetik ayak İnfeksiyonlu (DAİ) hastaların retrospektif olarak
değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.  Yöntem: Kliniğinimizde Ocak 2011- Ocak 2014
yılları arasında takip edilen tüm hastaların klinik bulguları ve tedavi
sonuçları retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Hastaların demografik verileri,
diyabetin tipi, PEDIS sınıflamasına gore diyabetik ayak evrelemesi, aldıkları
tedaviler ve tedavi sonuçları değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Hastaların 39’u
(%73.6) erkek, 14’ü (%26.4) kadındı. Yaşları 44 ile 89 arasında değişmekte olup
ortalama yaş 67.28±12.5 olarak hesaplandı..OlgularPedis sınıflamasına gore
değerlendirildiğinde 28 (%52.8) hasta grade 2, 23 hasta (% 43.4) grade 3 ve 2
hasta (%3,8) grade 4 olarak sınıflandırıldı. Sonuç: Her geçen gün sıklığı artan DAİ’nın
tanı ve takibinde, bölgesel verilerin paylaşılması, ülkemizdeki etiyoloji ve
uygun ampirik antimikrobiyal tedavinin belirlenmesi açısından önemlidir.
A Rare Cause of Personality Change in Emergency Department: Glioblastoma Multiforme
Authors: Uysal Emin , Acar Yahya Ayhan , Solak Süleyman
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT A
24-year-old male was admitted to emergency department with personality changes
and long-lasting headache. Neurologic examination did not show any
abnormalities. In cranial computed tomography scan brain mass was detected in
frontal cortex bilaterally. Patient was hospitalized in Neurosurgery clinic with
a diagnosis of intracranial tumor. Elective tumor resection was performed and
his topathologic examination was reported as glioblastoma multiforme. In
follow-up, no personality changes were observed. Patients with personality
changes should  be examined carefully,
besides possible frequent underlying pathologies, intracranial tumors must be
considered in differential diagnosis. Long lasting headaches may be a clue for
emergency physicians.
Etiological differences in dialysis patients, And addiction level and social tendencies of patients pursuant to smoking
Authors: ÇETİN Adil , ÖZDEMİR Merve Betül , ARSLAN İsmail , TEKİN Oğuz , DURANAY Murat
Published: February 2018

Aim: Within this study, we aim to
research whether there is a relation between smoking addiction of dialysis
patients and their social tendencies. Method: 106 patients, who were being
treated in Ankara Training and Research Hospital Nephrology Clinic, were
included in the study. Cases included in the study were evaluated in terms of
age, gender, educational background, settlement, Financial situation, smoking
habits and social tendencies. Results: It is seen that gender, income
level, Social tendency and drug avoidance scores of Fatih Social Tendencies
Scales are efficient over smoking addiction.Conclusion: In our study, we have put forward smoking condition
and its risks for dialysis patients.
Uluslararası Bilimsel Dergi İndeksleri, Önemleri ve Türkiye Kaynaklı Dergilerin Durumu: Bölüm 1: Bilimsel Dergi İndeksleri
Authors: Asan Ahmet
Published: February 2018

ÖZET

Uluslararası dergi indekslerinin hangi dergileri kapsamlarına aldıkları
önemli olduğundan, bu çalışmada sözkonusu indeksler hakkında bilgi verilmiştir.
Bilgiler derlenirken, çeşitli internet sitelerinden, kitap-dergilerden ve
yazarın görüşleri dikkate alınmıştır. Bu çalışmada, uluslararası bilimsel dergi
indeksleri, indekslerin önemi, etki faktörü ve h indeks gibi analitik kaynaklar
ve özellikle İran, Yunanistan gibi bazı komşu ülkelere ait JCR 2015 dergi
sayısı, yayın sayısı ve diğer güncel veriler sunulmuştur. Çalışmada 5 dergi
tipi hakkında bilgi verilmiş, hangilerinin önemli olduğu tartışılmıştır.
Çalışmada ayrıca, Web of Science,
analitik kaynaklar, alan indeksleri ve PubMed hakkında da bilgi verilmiş ve
konu tartışılmıştır.
The Correlation between Students’ L2 Motivation and Their EFL Proficiency
Authors: Cahya Purnama
Published: February 2018

This study is intended to find the correlation between students L2 motivation and their EFL proficiency. The Instruments used in this current study involved questionnaire and test. The questionnaire is used to measure the students’ motivation and the test was used to reveal student’s EFL proficiency score. The current study involves 195 college students from four universities in Malang. The result of analysis shows that there is a significant correlation between L2 motivation and the students’ EFL proficiency. It is proved by the test of hypothesis in which P Value (0.002) is lower than Alfa (α = 0.01). The result implies the increase in students’ motivation can be a prediction of the increase of students’ EFL proficiency. The students who are strongly motivated in learning English are most probably achieve better in their EFL proficiency.
PENGARUH MOBILISASI DAN PENGGUNAAN VCO (VIRGIN COCONUT OIL) TERHADAP ULKUS DEKUBITUS PADA GANGGUAN FUNGSI MOTORIK PASCA STROKE
Authors: Setyawati Retno , Suyanto Suyanto , Noor Mohammad Arifin
Published: February 2018

ABSTRAKUlkus dekubitus atau luka baring adalah tipe luka tekan, dan 7-8% dinyatakan sebagai penyebab kematian pada paraplegia yang sering terjadi pada pasien stroke, sehingga perlu dilakukan tindakan perawatan yang tepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan Untuk mengetahui pengaruh mobilisasi dan penggunaan VCO (Virgin Coconut Oil) terhadap luka dekubitus pada gangguan fungsi motorik pasca stroke di Rumah Sakit Islam Sultan Agung Semarang. Desain penelitian quasi experiment, rancangan penelitian dengan menggunakan time series design dengan kelompok intervensi dan kontrol. Jumlah sampel 8 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel purposive sampling. kelompok intervensi dilakukan mobilisasi 2-3 jam sekali dengan memberikan VCO sedangkan kelompok kontrol dilakukan mobilisasi lebih dari 2-3 jam sekali dan tidak diberikan VCO. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan grade dekubitus pada kelompok intervensi dan kontrol yang dilakukan mobilisasi dan diberikan VCO dengan nilai p = 0,495. Perlunya tindakan yang tepat dilakukan pada pasien dengan gangguan fungsi motorik pasca stroke untuk mengurangi kejadian dekubitus.Kata kunci: mobilisasi, VCO, ulkus decubitus, pasca stroke, gangguan fungsi motorik
LATIHAN OTOT DASAR PANGGUL EFEKTIF UNTUK MENGATASI INKONTINENSIA URIN PADA KLIEN POST OPERASI PROSTATECTOMY
Authors: Sulistyaningsih Dwi Retno
Published: February 2018

ABSTRAKInkontinensia urin didefinisikan sebagai suatu kondisi di mana terjadi kehilangan urin tanpa disengaja melalui meatus uretra yang dapat berakibat pada masalah sosial dan kebersihan. Inkontinensia urin dapat menyebabkan kelemahan dan biaya individu menjadi mahal, berpotensi menimbulkan persepsi yang rendah terhadap status kesehatan, harga diri rendah, malu, mengganggu hubungan antar manusia dan seksualitas, distress psycologi, mengurangi kemampuan, menjadi beban keluarga. Pada akhirnya kualitas hidup dapat terganggu. Latihan otot dasar panggul dapat memperbaiki kemampuan berkemih dengan resiko yang lebih kecil. Otot dasar panggul mendukung isi abdomen, aktif selama pernafasan, mempertahankan untuk inkontinensia urin dan feces, meningkatkan aliran darah, dan aktif selama hubungan seksual. Latihan ini juga membawa oksigen dalam aliran darah menuju area panggul untuk mempertahankan kesehatan jaringan dan mempertahankan fungsi normal. Latihan dasar otot panggul selain bermanfaat dari aspek fisiologis juga memberikan dampak bagi aspek ekonomi dan waktu yaitu untuk mengurangi keluhan berkemih sehingga pasien dapat pulang lebih cepat. Hal ini dapat mengurangi waktu dan biaya perawatan di rumah sakit.Kata kunci : latihan otot dasar panggul, inkontinensia, prostatectomy
PENGARUH PROMOSI KESEHATAN MELALUI METODE CURAH PENDAPAT TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PENGETAHUAN REMAJA TENTANG HIV/AIDS
Authors: Ardian Iwan , Tsaqafannisa Maulianna
Published: February 2018

ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: HIV/AIDS adalah salah satu penyakit menular yang mengakitbatkan kematian pada penderitanya. Angka kejadian HIV/AIDS memiliki kasus terbanyak pada kelompok umur 20-29 tahun maka langkah preventif dititik beratkan pada usia dibawah 20 tahun atau masa remaja. Upaya pencegahan HIV/AIDS disini adalah perubahan pengetahuan melalui promosi kesehatan. Peningkatan pengetahuan bisa terjadi bila ditunjang dengan metode yang baik maka peneliti lebih menekankan pada metode curah pendapat. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh promosi kesehatan melalui metode curah pendapat terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan remaja tentang HIV/AIDS.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif quasy eksperimental dengan rancangan non equivalent control group . Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Jumlah responden pada kelompok perlakuan 18 responden dan kelompok kontrol 18 responden, sehingga jumlah responden keseluruhan adalah 36 responden. Pengambilan sampel mengunakan non probability sampling dengan tehnik consecutive sampling. Data dianalisis melalui uji T dependent dan uji T independent.Hasil: Berdasarkan hasil analisa diperoleh bahwa dari 36 responden penelitian, karakteristik umur terbesar adalah berusia 15 tahun sebanyak 66,7%, karakteristik jenis kelamin perempuan sebanyak 72,2%. Promosi kesehatan pada kelompok perlakuan (metode curah pendapat dan ceramah) mampu meningkatan pengetahuan (p = 0,000). Promosi kesehatan pada kelompok kontrol (metode ceramah) mampu meningkatan pengetahuan (p = 0,000). Ada perbedaan peningkatan pengetahuan HIV/AIDS siswa sebelum dan setelah intervensi promosi kesehatan pada kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok kontrol (p = 0,002) dengan selisih rata-rata nilai antara dua kelompok tersebut 3.55. Metode curah pendapat lebih efektif dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan.Simpulan: Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan promosi kesehatan HIV/AIDS melalui metode curah pendapat terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan pada remaja (p value 0,000<0,05).Kata kunci: Promosi kesehatan, HIV/AIDS, metode curah pendapat, pengetahuanDaftar pustaka: 39 (2004-2014)
THE USE OF 2% CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE (CHG) AS A DAILY BATHING TO REDUCE BACTEREMIA IN CHILDREN WITH CRITICAL ILLNESS AT PICU/NICU
Authors: Khasanah Nopi Nur
Published: February 2018

Background: Bacteremia frequently occurs because of nosocomial infection that actually could be preventable. In children who are hospitalized ussually have a higher risk to experience it. Especially in children with critical illness at Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) at which the state of children to get an indication of central venous catheters (CVC). Objective: To analyze the use of 2% Chlorhexidine Gluconate (CHG) as a daily bathing treatment to reduce bacteremia in critically ill children in the PICU/NICU. Discussion: The study of the use 2% CHG as a daily bathing treatment for critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care unit has been carried out. However, only performed in adult patients. Developing research conducted in children, this study recommends the use of 2% CHG as a daily bathing treatment can be used in selected patients in the NICU when there is an effort by other measures, but still failed to reduce the incidence of CLABSI. Conclusions: Implementation of recommendations will involve approval by the appropriate organizational structure in charge of monitoring the evolution of the practice. Need staff whom known the instructions on the use of CHG to develop procedures daily bathing with 2% CHG in intensive care and decrease the incidence of bacteremia,.Keywords: Chlorhexidine Gluconate, Daily Bathing, Bacteremia in children, PICU/NICU.
THE EFFECT OF TRANSCUTANEOUS ELECTRICAL NERVE STIMULATION (TENS) TOWARDS WOUND HEALING
Authors: PRANATA SATRIYA
Published: February 2018

Background: Instead of reduce pain, TENS is also capable of stimulating the peripheral nerves to work optimally and improving blood circulation where the electrodes are applied. Having good blood circulation enhances good wound healing as well. The decrease in pain level will boost the immune system thus the wound healing can also be improved. It needs further studies on the effect of TENS on wound healing. Objective: The research aimed to explore specific effect of TENS on wound healing. Methodology: The research was conducted by using Science Direct article, Medline, Google Search and Pro Quest to find articles which are appropriate with inclusion and exclusion criteria to be reviewed. Results: The necrosis cases of the post-operative wound were higher in the control compared to the intervention group, there were no complications with significant p-value of (P <0.0001). There were differences in the provision of TEENS with additional of heat protocol before, during and after the intervention towards the blood circulation with the significance p value of (P, 0.05). Good granulation occurs, the hair follicle grew well and Pro-inflammatory declined (TNF-a) with the significance p-value of (P <0.05). The comparison of necrosis percentage in five groups were 43.88%, 39.20%, 38.57%, 32.14% and� 44.13% in G1 to G5 respectively. The statistical tests proved the TEENS intervention in group G4 was more effective with the significance p value of� 0.032. The TENS with frequency of 10 Hz is more effective compared to 100 Hz TENS and control groups who received placebo towards the adrenergic receptor. TENS intervention at a dose of 100 Hz can improve the reactivity of venous blood circulation well. The amount of oedema in the wound is reduced and capillary refills 2 seconds with the significance p-value of (P <0.001) significantly. Discussion: TENS at a frequency of 10 Hz to 100 Hz is the bioelectrical body frequency. At low frequencies, it will be able to stimulate the secretion of endorphin hormone so the patients who received TENS intervention can be more relaxed and feel better as the pain is relieved. The immune system works well and can help the wound heals properly by inhibition of inflammatory factor. Conclusions: TENS therapy is proven to help wound healing. TENS equipment is available everywhere, easy to use, economical, does not cause addiction, and can be given at any time with fewer side effects to the patients. The results of the study cannot be generalised yet. Further research is needed.�Keywords: Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation, wound healing, literature review.
INTERVENTION OF THIRSTY IN CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE (CHF) PATIENTS TO INCREASED ADHERENCE OF FLUID RESTRICTION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: HUDIYAWATI DIAN
Published: February 2018

Introduction. Thirst is a common symptom of chronic heart failure (CHF) patients. Difficulties to adherence with fluid restrictions are among the effects of thirst in HF patients and therefore have an impact on worsening condition, but intervention studies aimed specifically at reducing thirst in CHF are lacking.Purpose. Purpose of this manuscript is to assess the effective intervention to reduce thirst intensity in CHF patients.Methods. Medline, Pubmed, EBSCO and hand search were searched using the key words thirst, intervention, heart failure, CHF, fluis restriction, therapy.Result.� Eighteen articles were found, six studies were inluded. Any kind of interventions in each articles, include: drink cold water 5oC, chewing gum, saliva substitute, sucking ice cubes and three bundle of interventions (oral swab, water sprays and menthol moisturizer).Conclusions. The most effective interventions to alleviate thirst was sucking ice cubes. But, no intervention studies were found in congestive heart failure patients. So investigations in people with heart failure is needed.�Keywords: thirst, intervention, heart failure, systematic review
The Influence Of Spa Therapy And Diabetic Foot Exercise On Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Patients
Authors: SUYANTO SUYANTO
Published: February 2018

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy patients with decreasing in foot sensation will impact on diabetic ulcers.� This study aims to explore the effect of combination between diabetic legs exercise and SPA therapy on foot sensitivity escalation among patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. This study used quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design without control group with 17 respondents and recruited by purposive sampling methode. Data were collected from patients with peripheral diabetic neuropathy and had 8 maximum score of foot sensitivity.. Foot sensitivity was measured on the 1st day of intervention and end day of intervention. Wilcoxon test analysis showed significant differences on foot sensitivity with combination of diabetic legs exercise and SPA therapy compare to diabetic legs exercise only (p value < 0.05). It can be inferred that combination of diabetic legs exercise and SPA therapy are more effective to increase legs sensitivity. Therefore, combined effect of those therapies may eventually decrease diabetic ulcers risk.
Developing English Materials for Efl Learners at Islamic Junior High School
Authors: Lukman Syafi’i Muhammad , Andria Gestanti Rohfin
Published: February 2018

The purpose of this research was to develop an EFL course book for the first semester learners at the Islamic junior high school in Indonesia. The material development includes some procedures of need analysis, material development, expert validation, material revision, try-out and final revision. Based on the results of questionnaires distributed to 106-second graders, the interviews done to the teachers and field notes taken from a document of the syllabus, this research revealed that most of the students and English teachers require English instructional materials embracing religious and general knowledge. After validated by the experts and tried-out to the students, this research finally produced English materials that were supplemented by a teacher‟s guide, student‟s worksheets and a CD containing listening materials.
Synthesis of 3-Aryl-Benzo[b]Furans and 3-Aryl-Naphtho[b]Furans Using N-Propyl-4-Aza-1-Azoniabicyclo[2.2.2]Octane Chloride Immobilised on SiO2 as an Efficient and Reusable Catalyst
Authors: Abarghooei Mohammad Akrami , Mohebat Razieh , Karimi-Jaberi Zahed , Mosslemin Mohammad Hossein
Published: February 2018

A new and convenient method is describe d for the synthesis of 3-aryl-benzo[ b]furans and 3-aryl-naphtho[ b]furans by the reaction of various α-bromoketones with phenols and 2-naphthols in the presence of n-propyl-4-aza-1-azoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane chloride immobilised on SiO2. All products were obtained in high yields and short reaction times using solvent-free conditions and a reusable catalyst.
A Concise Synthesis of 25-Hydroxycholesterol from Hyodesoxycholic Acid
Authors: Jin Can , Wang Yulei , Sun Bin , Su Weike
Published: February 2018

A simple, efficient and economical method has been developed for the synthesis of 25-hydroxycholesterol in seven steps from hyodesoxycholic acid with an overall yield of 39%. The preparation of the 3β-tetrahydropyranyloxychol-5-en-24-al from 3β-tetrahydropyranyloxychol-5-en-24-oic acid methyl ester with di-isobutylaluminium hydride was achieved instead of using the conventional two-step reaction, thus avoiding the use of the toxic oxidant CrO3. The terminal product was obtained by hydroxybromination of desmosterol with N-bromosuccinimide/H20, followed by reduction and deprotection of the halohydrins with LiAlH4. This simplified route gave an increased overall yield and used economical and environmentally benign reagents.
Introduction
Authors: Pontrandolfo Stefania , Solimene Marco
Published: February 2018

Identity categorisations are socio-cultural constructs embedded in discourses of power that locate diversity within a hierarchic frame. This is especially true when identity discourses entail a relation to the nation-state. In Italy, as in most of Europe, media, political and institutional discourses depict 'Gypsies/Roma' as dangerous 'Nomads' and strangers-at-home. As a result, despite various attempts to tackle anti-Gypsyism, Roma and Sinti communities living in Italy are still subject to ethnicisation, racialisation and criminalisation processes as well as spatial segregation, social exclusion and marginalisation. This special issue addresses a critical discussion on the transformation, manipulation and strategic uses of 'Gypsy', 'Roma' and 'Nomad' categories in Italy over the last fifty years. The aim is to offer an in-depth reflection on categorisation processes, the ways in which categorisations are used in different contexts and by different social agents, and their practical effects on Roma and Sinti communities.
Reflections on the Use of Classifications in the Juridical Method: The Case of Roma Groups in Italy
Authors: Decarli Giorgia
Published: February 2018

The juridical method rejects a polythetic logic, favouring a monothetic procedure of classification according to which precise and necessary traits are shared by all the elements that make up a category. Such an approach, however, is ill suited for dealing with objects of analysis that escape easy reductions, and it fails to grasp the subtleties of reality. The categories applied to Roma groups are emblematic in this regard. The paper examines the classificatory vocation characterising the Italian juridical approach to Roma, exploring its repercussions on their life and fostering collaboration between jurists and anthropologists for the development of efficient juridical tools.
Roma 'Acts of Citizenship': Negotiating Categories and Housing Solutions
Authors: Pontrandolfo Stefania
Published: February 2018

This article presents the case study of a community-based Roma struggle to challenge categorisations, improve housing conditions and access citizenship rights. It is an ethnographic account of the citizenship enactments that a Roma family network, which migrated from Romania to Italy, has been pursuing since its arrival in the southern Italian town of Bari. The aim is to promote the value of ethnographic research in understanding the numerous, complex ways in which 'being political' among Roma is possible. This can take place not only through elite Roma activism, or by communities of Roma producing 'hidden transcripts', but also through community-based 'acts of citizenship'.
Romani Nomadism: From Hetero-Images to Self-Representations
Authors: Toninato Paola
Published: February 2018

The article analyses an alternative approach to Romani nomadism within the emerging field of Romani literature by comparing hetero-images of Romani nomadism with the Roma's own accounts of mobility. It starts by discussing romantic literary images of nomadic 'Gypsies' and entrenched fictional views of Romani nomadism, and contrasts these with self-representations of Romani authors. It focuses on the counter-hegemonic relationship between hetero-representations and self-representations of nomadism, arguing that Romani self-images are able to grasp the complex reality of Romani nomadism and understand the dual nature of Romani mobility, as both a survival mechanism and a socio-economic strategy.
Saturation Point of Superplasticizers Determined by Rheological Tests for Self Compacting Concrete
Authors: Oualit Mehena , Irekti Amar , Melinge Yannick
Published: February 2018

The dosage of superplasticizer is first determined in mortar mixtures and it is after adjusted in concrete mix trials. Other self compacting concrete (SCC) mix proportioning methods rely on the definition of the superplasticizer saturation dosage in pastes. These approaches to mix design have advantages over the ones based exclusively on concrete batching because it is less expensive and material demanding to perform tests in mortar and paste than in concrete. This paper presents the results of an experimental research carried out to investigate the use of tests performed in paste to define the optimum dosage of superplasticizer for self-compacting concrete. The materials employed were Portland cement, pozzolana and three types of superplasticizers: poly naphthalene sulfonate (PNS), poly melamine sulfonate (PMS) and a polycarboxylate. The saturation point of each superplasticizer was determined in pastes by rheological tests using a coaxial cylinder rheometer AR2000. Self-compacting concretes were prepared using the superplasticizer contents found. The results obtained led to the conclusion that in SCC mixture proportioning methods, the determination of the superplasticizer content in the paste phase is paramount. Nevertheless, final adjustment of w/c+f ratio was always needed in order to produce SCC.
Artistic and Engineering Design of Platform-Based Production Systems: A Study of Swedish Architectural Practice
Authors: Jansson Gustav , Viklund Emma , Olofsson Thomas
Published: February 2018

Research on platform-based production systems for house-building has focused on production and manufacturing issues. The aim of this research is to explore how the architectural design process contributes to the industrialised house-building industry from the perspective of creative design work. It also aims to describe how constraints affect architectural design work in the engineer-to-order context, when using platform-based production systems. Architects with experience in using platform-based building systems with different degrees of constraints were interviewed regarding creative aspects of the design work. The interviews, together with documents relating to platform constraints, were then analysed from the perspective of artistic and engineering design theories. The results show the benefits and issues of using platform constraints, both with prefabrication of volumetric modules, as well as prefabricated slab and wall elements. The study highlights a major research gap by describing how architectural work, from both the creative artistic and engineering design perspectives, is affected by constraints in the building platform: (1) the architectural design work goes through a series of divergent and convergent processes where the divergent processes are explorative and the convergent processes are solution-oriented; and (2), there is a trade-off between creativity and efficiency in the design work. Open parameters for layout design are key to architectural creativity, while predefinition supports efficiency. The results also provide an understanding of the potential for creativity in artistic and engineering work tasks through different phases in design, and how they are related to constraints in the platform. The main limitation of the research is the number of interviewed architects who had different background experiences of working with different types of platform constraints. More studies are needed to confirm the observations and to understand how creativity and efficiency interact with divergent and convergent design processes.
Coastal Sea Levels, Impacts, and Adaptation
Authors: Wahl Thomas , Brown Sally , Haigh Ivan D. , Nilsen Jan Even Øie
Published: February 2018

Sea-level rise (SLR) poses a great threat to approximately 10% of the world’s population residing in low-elevation coastal zones (i.e., land located up to 10 m of present-day mean sea-level (MSL))[...]
Determination of the Potential Thermal Gradient for the Mexican Pacific Ocean
Authors: García Huante Alejandro , Rodríguez Cueto Yandy , Silva Rodolfo , Mendoza Edgar , Vega Luis A.
Published: February 2018

The energy potential of the oceanic thermal gradients of the Mexican Pacific Ocean was valued theoretically, using seasonal oceanographic data on surface and 1000 m depth ocean temperatures from 1955 to 2013, taken from the World Ocean Database (WOD). The study was carried out to determine possible sites for Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC), assuming that the minimum usable gradient is 20 °C and the maximum profitable distance from the extraction site to the shore is 10 km. Geographic Information System tools were used to compute thermal gradients and distances to shore all along the Mexican coast. Then, the optimal sites were identified. The results show that the best sites for OTEC exploitation are found in the southern Pacific coast on the littoral of the states of Guerrero and Oaxaca.
An Estimate of the Burden of Fungal Disease in Norway
Authors: Nordøy Ingvild , Hesstvedt Liv , Torp Andersen Cecilie , Mylvaganam Haima , Kols Nicola , Falch Birgit , Tofteland Ståle , Müller Fredrik , Denning David
Published: February 2018

The aim of this study was to examine the burden of fungal disease in Norway, contributing to a worldwide effort to improve awareness of the needs for better diagnosis and treatment of such infections. We used national registers and actual data from the Departments of Microbiology from 2015 and estimated the incidence and/or prevalence of superficial, allergic and invasive fungal disease using published reports on specific populations at risk. One in 6 Norwegians suffered from fungal disease: Superficial skin infections (14.3%: 745,600) and recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis in fertile women (6%: 43,123) were estimated to be the most frequent infections. Allergic fungal lung disease was estimated in 17,755 patients (341/100,000). Pneumocystis jirovecii was diagnosed in 262 patients (5/100,000), invasive candidiasis in 400 patients (7.7/100,000), invasive aspergillosis in 278 patients (5.3/100,000) and mucormycosis in 7 patients (0.1/100,000). Particular fungal infections from certain geographic areas were not observed. Overall, 1.79% of the population was estimated to be affected by serious fungal infections in Norway in 2015. Even though estimates for invasive infections are small, the gravity of such infections combined with expected demographic changes in the future emphasizes the need for better epidemiological data.
Lactomycins A–C, Dephosphorylated Phoslactomycin Derivatives that Inhibit Cathepsin B, from the Marine-derived Streptomyces sp. ACT232
Authors: Sun Yi , Carandang Rogie , Harada Yuta , Okada Shigeru , Yoshitake Kazutoshi , Asakawa Shuichi , Nogi Yuichi , Matsunaga Shigeki , Takada Kentaro
Published: February 2018

Three new polyketides, lactomycins A (1)–C (3), were isolated from the culture broth of a marine-derived Streptomyces sp. ACT232 as cathepsin B inhibitors. Their structures were determined by a combination of NMR and MS data analyses to be the dephosphorylated derivatives of a phoslactomycin class of metabolites. Lactomycins exhibited cathepsin B inhibitory activity (IC50 0.8 to 4.5 μg/mL). Even though the biosynthetic gene clusters found in the genome of the current strain have high similarity to those of phoslactomycin, neither phoslactomycins nor leustroducsins were detected by LC-MS analyses of the crude extract.
Coherent Auto-Calibration of APE and NsRCM under Fast Back-Projection Image Formation for Airborne SAR Imaging in Highly-Squint Angle
Authors: Yang Lei , Zhou Song , Zhao Lifan , Xing Mengdao
Published: February 2018

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imaging with a non-zero (forward) squint angle is capable of providing a longer time for reaction than that of the broadside mode. However, due to the large squint angle, there will be severe coupling between range and azimuth samples in the echoed data, which is known as the problematic Range Cell Migration (RCM) in the SAR community. Especially when the SAR sensor mounted on an airborne platform encounters unexpected motion deviations/errors, the coupling becomes more complicated, and it is difficult to differentiate the systematic RCM for the SAR Image Formation Processing (IFP) and the non-systematic RCM error to be compensated. To this end, a novel and accurate SAR imaging algorithm is proposed in this paper to facilitate the processing of airborne SAR data collected at a high-squint angle. Firstly, the proposed algorithm is established under a Fast Time-Domain Back-Projection (FTDBP) framework for the SAR IFP. FTDBP paves the way to avoid the complicated processing for the systematic RCM as for the conventional SAR IFP in the Doppler processing manner. It is capable of generating a high-resolution SAR image efficiently under more general geometries and configurations. Secondly, regarding the non-systematic RCM errors, the proposed algorithm realizes the compensation by correcting both the Non-systematic Range Cell Migration (NsRCM), as well as Azimuthal Phase Error (APE) in a coherent manner. It is consequently capable of auto-calibrating the effects of the motion error completely without being dependent on the airborne navigation unit. Finally, both simulated and raw data collected by the airborne squinted SAR are applied to evaluate the proposed algorithm. Comparisons with conventional algorithms are carried out to reveal the superiority of the proposed algorithm.
Enhancement of Thermal Stability and Selectivity by Introducing Aminotriazine Comonomer to Poly(Octadecyl Acrylate)-Grafted Silica as Chromatography Matrix
Authors: K. Mallik Abul , Noguchi Hiroki , Han Yige , Kuwahara Yutaka , Takafuji Makoto , Ihara Hirotaka
Published: February 2018

This paper introduces a poly(octadecyl acrylate) (pODA)-based organic phase on silica, which is assisted by 2-vinyl-4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazine (AT), for a chromatography stationary phase. The ODA-AT copolymer grafting onto silica surface was characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermo gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). An endothermic peak top of the copolymer-grafted silica was increased to 46 °C from 38 °C, which was a peak top of pODA homopolymer. For high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) application, the molecular selectivity increased with an increase in the AT contents of the ODA-AT copolymer as organic phase. The co-existence of an aminotriazine moiety in the copolymer promoted side-chain ordering of the poly(octadecyl) moiety, thus enhancing molecular planarity selectivity for PAHs in reversed-phase liquid chromatography.
Carbohydrate inhibitors of cholera toxin
Authors: Kumar Vajinder , Turnbull W Bruce
Published: February 2018

Cholera is a diarrheal disease caused by a protein toxin released by Vibrio cholera in the host’s intestine. The toxin enters intestinal epithelial cells after binding to specific carbohydrates on the cell surface. Over recent years, considerable effort has been invested in developing inhibitors of toxin adhesion that mimic the carbohydrate ligand, with particular emphasis on exploiting the multivalency of the toxin to enhance activity. In this review we introduce the structural features of the toxin that have guided the design of diverse inhibitors and summarise recent developments in the field.
Correlation between antifungal consumption and distribution of Candida spp. in different departments of a Lebanese hospital
Authors: Awad Lyn , Tamim Hani , Ibrahim Ahmad , Abdallah Dania , Salameh Mohammad , Mugharbil Anas , Jisr Tamima , Droubi Nabila , Zahran Kamal , Moghnieh Rima
Published: February 2018

Introduction: Recently there has been a significant increase in the incidence of fungal infections attributed to Candida species worldwide, with a major shift toward non-albicans Candida (NAC). Herein, we described the distribution of Candida species among different departments in a Lebanese hospital and calculated the antifungal consumption in this facility. We, then, correlated the consumption of antifungals and the prevalence of Candida species.

Methodology: This was a retrospective study of Candida isolates recovered from the hospital microbiology laboratory database between 2010 and 2015. Data on antifungal consumption between 2008 and 2015 were extracted from the hospital pharmacy database. Spearman's coefficient was employed to find a correlation between Candida species distribution and antifungal consumption.

Results: The highest antifungal consumption was seen in the haematology/oncology department (days of therapy/1000 patient days = 348.12 ± 85.41), and the lowest in the obstetrics department (1.36 ± 0.47). The difference in antifungal consumption among various departments was statistically significant (p < 0.0001). Azoles were the most common first-line antifungals. A non-homologous distribution of albicans vs. non-albicans was noted among different departments (p = 0.02). The most commonly isolated NAC was Candida glabrata, representing 14% of total isolates and 59% of NAC. The total antifungal consumption correlated positively with the emergence of NAC. The use of azoles correlated positively with Candida glabrata, while amphotericin B formulations correlated negatively with it. None of these correlations reached statistical significance.

Conclusion: Different Candida species were unequally distributed among different hospital departments, and this correlated with consumption of antifungals in respective departments, highlighting the need for antifungal stewardship.