bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aryl sulfonyl fluoride synthesis via organophotocatalytic fluorosulfonylation of diaryliodonium salts
Authors: Ma Yuyang , Pan Qijun , Ou Caiyun , Cai Yinxia , Ma Xiaoyu , Liu Chao
Published: August 2023

An efficient metal-free visible-light-mediated protocol for the synthesis of various aryl sulfonyl fluorides from diaryliodonium salts  via a radical sulfur dioxide insertion and fluorination strategy was developed.
Asymmetric construction of phosphono dihydropyranones from α-ketophosphonates enabled by Pd/chiral isothiourea relay catalysis
Authors: Sayed Mostafa , Shi Zhipeng , Han Zhi-Yong , Gong Liu-Zhu
Published: August 2023

A highly stereoselective method has been developed for the synthesis of chiral phosphono dihydropyranones. This approach is enabled by Pd/chiral isothiourea relay catalysis starting from readily available benzyl bromides, CO, and α-ketophosphonates.
Flexible preparation of PA6-based thermoplastic elastomer filaments with enhanced elasticity, melt spinnability and transparency enabled by high-molecular-weight soft segments
Authors: Liu YaLi , Zhao Run , Liu Yuan , Wang Xueli , Wu Dequn , Liu Lifang , Yu Jianyong , Li Faxue , Yuan Ruchao
Published: August 2023

The melt polymerization of polyamide 6 (PA6)-based thermoplastic elastomers with high-content and high-molecular-weight soft segments (HS-TPAEs) has posed a long-standing challenge, rendering them unsuitable for filament presentation in textiles.
Diaspore as an efficient halide-free catalyst for the conversion of CO2 into cyclic carbonates
Authors: Mitra Antarip , Paliwal Khushboo S. , Ghosh Sourav , Bag Saikat , Roy Avishek , Chandrasekar Aditi , Mahalingam Venkataramanan
Published: August 2023

Diaspore [α-AlO(OH)] is found to be an efficient halide-free catalyst for the succesful fixation of CO2 into epoxides to make cyclic carbonates.
Probing the structure of human tRNA3Lys in the presence of ligands using docking, MD simulations and MSM analysis
Authors: Uppuladinne Mallikarjunachari V. N. , Achalere Archana , Sonavane Uddhavesh , Joshi Rajendra
Published: August 2023

Exploration of kinetic transitions of the tRNA3Lys conformational space in the presence of 1,4T and 1,5T ligands.
Sequential analysis for identification of byproduct from N-benzylation reaction: wound healing and anti-inflammatory potential of the byproduct 4-chlorobenzyl 2-((4-chlorobenzyl)amino)benzoate
Authors: Verma Ekta , Patil Shailendra , Gajbhiye Asmita
Published: August 2023

N-Benzylation of isotoic anhydride in the presence of sodium hydride base is a very common reaction. However, it produces various byproducts. Here, we will identify a major byproduct and its activities.
Boosting the ultraviolet shielding and thermal retardancy properties of unsaturated polyester resin by employing electrochemically exfoliated e-GO nanosheets
Authors: Nguyen Son Anh , Dong Thuc Quang , Doan Mai Quan , Nguyen Ngoc Huyen , Nguyen Tuan Anh , Ngo Xuan Dinh , Pham Anh-Tuan , Le Anh-Tuan
Published: August 2023

Preparation of UPR/e-GO polymer nanocomposites for anti-UV aging application in quartz-based artificial stone.
A compressible porous superhydrophobic material constructed by a multi-template high internal phase emulsion method for oil–water separation
Authors: Wen Zhipeng , Yang Huilin , Lv Mingzhe , Yu Chuanming , Li Yong
Published: August 2023

The material prepared by the multi-template high internal phase emulsion method possessed excellent compressibility and better prospects for oil–water separation applications.
Synthesis of biofuel precursors from benzaldehyde and cyclopentanone via aldehyde–ketone condensation in a deep eutectic solvent system
Authors: Cao Yunqi , Liu Fang , Liu Yunyun , Yu Qiang
Published: August 2023

A novel catalytic system consisting of a deep eutectic solvent and SnCl4 (ChCl/Fa–SnCl4) was successfully developed to synthesize biofuel precursors (C12 and C19) through aldehyde–ketone condensation of benzaldehyde (BD) and cyclopentanone (CPO).
Ab initio study of the electronic states of V3Si in momentum space
Authors: Sharma Saloni , Joshi Nikhil , Maurya Vijay , Joshi K. B.
Published: August 2023

The ELF of V3Si in the (100) plane at x = 1. The four quartets at the corners due to Si show highly localised ELF. Around the two V atoms the ELF, within 0.3–0.5 range, points charge delocalization due to highly metallic nature of the V–V bond.
A study on rapid and stable catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol by 2-hydroxyethylamine stabilized Fe3O4@Pt and its kinetic factors
Authors: Xu Xia , Yang Liming , Cui Yanjun , Hu Bing
Published: August 2023

2-Hydroxyethylamine is adsorbed on the surface of Fe3O4@Pt to prevent the separation and aggregation of Pt and Fe3O4, and excessive 2-hydroxyethylamine can form a supporting membrane, stabilizing its structural and catalytic performance for 4-NP.
Characterising flow with continuous aeration in an oscillatory baffle flow reactor using residence time distribution
Authors: Cox Rylan , Salonitis Konstantinos , Impey Susan A. , Rebrov Evgeny
Published: August 2023

Quantification of liquid-phase plug flow within an oscillatory baffle flow reactor using the tanks-in-series model.
Optomechanical computing in liquid crystal elastomers
Authors: Tholen Haley M. , Ambulo Cedric P. , Lee Kyung Min , Buskohl Philip R. , Harne Ryan L.
Published: August 2023

Demonstration of integrated combinational logic in photoresponsive liquid crystal elastomers to realize optomechanical computation in soft materials.
Correction: Cross-linkable, phosphobetaine-based, zwitterionic amphiphiles that form lyotropic bicontinuous cubic phases
Authors: Bodkin Lauren N. , Krajnak Zachary A. , Dong Ruiqi , Osuji Chinedum O. , Gin Douglas L.
Published: August 2023

Correction for ‘Cross-linkable, phosphobetaine-based, zwitterionic amphiphiles that form lyotropic bicontinuous cubic phases’ by Lauren N. Bodkin et al., Soft Matter, 2023, 19, 3768–3772, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3SM00269A.
Value-added methanol electroreforming coupled with green hydrogen production at the edge interface of 2D boron nanosheets
Authors: Sathyaseelan Arunprasath , Krishnamoorthy Karthikeyan , Pazhamalai Parthiban , Liyakath Ali Noor Ul Haq , Kim Sang-Jae
Published: August 2023

Electrolytic co-production of value-added formate and hydrogen over 2D boron nanosheets.
A separator coated with commercial LiFePO4 and conductive carbon for Li–S battery with good cycling performance
Authors: Xia Shuang , Chen Zhichao , Yuan Lixuan , Song Jie , Zhou Qi , Yuan Xinhai , Liu Lili , Fu Lijun , Chen Yuhui , Wu Yuping
Published: August 2023

A prepared multifunctional separator for Li–S batteries shows no corrosions and lithium dendrites in after-cycling anodes, greatly suppressed ‘shuttle effect’, high utilization of active sulfur, and reduced charge transfer resistance, and high-performance Li–S batteries are achieved.
Cellulosic nanocomposite filaments for an ionic strength sensor with ultrahigh precision and sensitivity
Authors: Kong Yuying , Mao Hui , Zhang Zihuan , Gao Junqi , Han Xiao , Wang Wen-Jun , Lim Khak Ho , Yang Xuan
Published: August 2023

Ionic strength sensing plays a crucial role in numerous fields, and there is an urgent demand for portable and robust sensors with rapid and precise detection ability.
CuCoO2/CuO heterostructure: understanding the role of band alignment in selective catalysis for overall water splitting
Authors: Zhang Yi-Man , Zhao Zong-Yan , Tang Wen , Feng Jian-Yong , Zhang Jin , Liu Qing-Ju , Li Zhao-Sheng , Zou Zhi-Gang
Published: August 2023

Employing a facile one-pot hydrothermal synthesis approach, in this work, we achieved the successful synthesis of a CuCoO2/CuO heterostructure, which was characterized by an atomic-scale intimately bonded interface.
In vitro evaluation of granules obtained from 3D sphene scaffolds and bovine bone grafts: chemical and biological assays
Authors: Sivolella Stefano , Brunello Giulia , Nika Ervin , Badocco Denis , Pastore Paolo , Carturan Sara M. , Bernardo Enrico , Elsayed Hamada , Biasetto Lisa , Brun Paola
Published: August 2023

Granules obtained from 3D sphene scaffolds present similar biological response to natural bone in vitro.
Cascade catalysis-coordinated nanorobots toward synergistic cancer chemoimmunotherapy
Authors: Guo Ruirui , Wang Bin , Liu Dong , Huang Yanjie , Lu Yuan
Published: August 2023

Magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles with multi-functions are proposed for synergistic chemoimmunotherapy and magnetic field-guided tumor-targeting therapeutics.
A hydrogen-bonded organic framework of rigidly branched fluorophore: guest-adaptive cavity and phase-dependent light emission
Authors: Kim Hongsik , Yoo Hyejin , Kim Jin Yeong , Lee Dongwhan
Published: August 2023

A non-covalent assembly of a highly branched molecule produces porous crystals supported only by weak interactions. This flexible network shows reversible morphological changes and displays fluorescence responses to external stimuli and guest uptake.
Organic photodetectors: materials, device, and challenges
Authors: Zhang Xinren , Jiang Jizhong , Feng Baigong , Song Hongfei , Shen Liang
Published: August 2023

Organic photodetectors (OPDs) are increasingly important in photoelectric detection; here is an overview of OPDs about the performance metrics, the development possibilities of materials and tandem structures, and the challenges in applications.
Intercalation-dependent elastic properties of transition metal dichalcogenides
Authors: Price Conor Jason , Hepplestone Steven Paul
Published: August 2023

We present a first-principles study into the elastic behaviour of layered TMDCs and their lithium- or magnesium-intercalated structures.
Liquid metal-based printing synthesis of bismuth-doped gallium oxide and its application for a photodetector
Authors: Huang Kun , Guo Lihao , Liu Li , Chen Ximeng , Su Chen , Li Peipei , Deng Zhiyong , Wu Weiwei , Zhang Lu
Published: August 2023

Bi-doped gallium oxide thin films were prepared via van der Waals printing technology and exhibit excellent optoelectronic detection performance.
Clarifying concentration quenching mechanisms by lattice site-occupation and luminescence kinetics of Eu3+-activated Cs2Mg2Mo3O12
Authors: Wei Donglei , Yang Xifeng , Liu Yushen , Kim Joo Hyun , Park Sung Heum , Seo Hyo Jin , Lee Bo Ram
Published: August 2023

Cs2Mg2Mo3O12:Eu3+shows intense narrow red luminescence (FWHM of ∼1 nm). Concentration quenching is caused by multi-sites and energy transfer confirmed by Eu3+spectral probe.
Guiding charge injection in Schottky-barrier transistors through the spatial Fermi-level gradients of heterogeneous bimetallic systems
Authors: Kim Min-Joong , Kim Woo-Seok , Kim Chang-Hyun , Kwon Jin-Hyuk , Kim Min-Hoi
Published: August 2023

A heterogeneous bimetallic system, composed of two metallic thin films with inherently different Fermi levels, is potentially usable for the fine tuning of interfacial charge dynamics.
An Umbrella Review of Cochlear Implant Outcomes in Children With Auditory Neuropathy
Authors: Jafari Zahra , Fitzpatrick Elizabeth M. , Schramm David R. , Rouillon Isabelle , Koravand Amineh
Published: August 2023

Purpose:

The objective of this overview of systematic reviews (SRs; umbrella review) was to systematically summarize and critically appraise current evidence of cochlear implant (CI) outcomes in children with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD).

Method:

This study was guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 statement. The methodological quality and the risk of bias in the included SRs were assessed using A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews 2 checklist and the Risk of Bias in Systematic Reviews tool, respectively.

Results:

According to eight included SRs, children with ANSD achieve CI outcomes (speech perception performance) similar to their peers with sensorineural hearing loss. In children with postsynaptic ANSD (cochlear nerve deficiency), cochlear nerve hypoplasia is associated with better speech recognition outcomes compared with cochlear nerve aplasia, especially in the absence of additional disabilities. Except for one study, the overall quality of the included SRs was critically low, and except for three studies, evidence of a high risk of bias was identified in other included SRs.

Conclusions:

Current evidence supports CI benefits for children with ANSD. To improve the quality of evidence, well-designed, prospective studies with appropriate sample sizes, using valid outcome measures, clarifying matching criteria, and taking into account the role of confounding factors are essential.
The diagnosis and treatment of periorbital sarcoid in the horse: 445 cases from 1974 to 1999
Authors: Knottenbelt Derek C. , Kelly Donald F.
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveDiagnosis and management of periorbital sarcoids in horses is a significant clinical challenge for the practicing veterinary surgeon and pathologist. The purpose of this study was to investigate the response of various types of sarcoids to different therapeutic methods.

Animals studiedMedical records of 445 clinical patients.

ProceduresThis paper retrospectively examines the clinical and histological features of periorbital sarcoids and the treatment of 445 cases. Treatment by surgical excision, cryosurgery, Bacillus—Calmette—Gaérin (BCG) immunomodulation, topical cytotoxic applications, and radiation are described.

ResultsSix types of sarcoid can be found in the immediate periorbital region and each has some characteristics of other disorders of the skin with which they can be confused. The diagnosis of sarcoids is, however, relatively simple in most cases. The lesions are not necessarily restricted to the dermis and epidermis, but commonly invade into the subcutis and the deeper muscular structures around the eye. Treatment with radiation is expensive and difficult to manage but resulted in the best outcome with almost 100% resolution in 66 cases. By contrast, surgical excision has serious potential complications that arise primarily as a result of the infiltrative nature of periorbital sarcoids. The value of BCG immunomodulation therapy for fibroblastic and nodular lesions described by previous workers is confirmed in this paper, with a good overall response (69%), provided that the material was injected intralesionally. Perilesional injection did not appear to carry a significant benefit. However, treatment of verrucose or occult lesions by this method gave generally poor results. The results of intralesional injection of cisplatin emulsions suggest that this may be an effective method of treatment in cases where other modalities are not feasible. In common with previous reports, failure to resolve the lesions frequently resulted in regrowth of the tumor, and in most cases this recurrence appeared to be more aggressive, with extensive local infiltration and faster growth.

ConclusionThe periorbital tissues are less tolerant of damage than those at many other sites and therefore certain treatment methods may be contraindicated. This suggests that it is important to select the best possible treatment at the first‐opportunity. It is a wise precaution to warn owners of horses with periorbital sarcoids of the dangers of leaving them and the particular risks associated with the currently available treatments.
Conjunctival malignant melanoma in a horse
Authors: Moore Cecil P. , Collins B. Keith , Linton Lana L. , Collier Linda L.
Published: August 2023

A case of malignant melanoma originating from the conjunctiva of a horse is reported. The tumor exhibited locally aggressive behavior as evidenced clinically by recurrence following two treatment episodes including surgical excision on each occasion and one application of cryotherapy. The orbit was subsequently exenterated and histologically malignant conjunctival melanoma was confirmed. Histopathologic features included variable pigmentation with amelanotic sites demonstrating marked cellular and nuclear pleomorphism with high numbers of mitotic figures. Cords of neoplastic cells invaded the sclera and cornea. Following exenteration, the horse exhibited no recurrence of the tumor for five years before being lost to follow‐up. To our knowledge, this is the first report of primary malignant conjunctival melanoma in a horse.
Corneal stromal sequestration and keratoconjunctivitis sicca in a horse
Authors: McLellan Gillian J. , Archer F. Joy
Published: August 2023

A 19‐year‐old Shetland pony presented with unilateral ocular discomfort and abnormal ocular appearance. Keratoconjunctivitis sicca, ulcerative keratitis and brown discoloration of the corneal stroma were identified on ophthalmic examination. The etiology of keratoconjunctivitis sicca was not determined in this case. For practical and financial reasons, the owners requested enucleation of the affected eye. Histopathologic examination revealed extensive loss of corneal epithelium overlying a zone of hypereosinophilic, degenerate, and necrotic corneal stroma. This well‐circumscribed region of corneal stromal sequestration was surrounded by stromal vascularization, and an intense inflammatory, predominantly polymorphonuclear, cellular infiltrate. The clinical and histopathologic features of this case were considered remarkably similar to those observed in feline corneal stromal sequestration.
Fabrication and verification of a single aligned nanofibre gas sensor based on non‐contact direct writing method
Authors: Zadeh Sadegh Pouriyan , Nikfarjam Alireza , Mohammadi Alireza Salavati
Published: August 2023

In this letter, the non‐contact direct writing method for producing single aligned fibre utilizing polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) polymer has been explored. It has been shown that with the help of this method, nanofibres can be created in a controlled manner with designed structures. This form of nanofibres is being studied with the goal of using it in carbon monoxide (CO) gas sensors. The temperature required for the annealing operation was 500°C, and finally the authors obtained nanofibres with diameter of 200 nm. In addition, a simulation technique built on the Monte Carlo method has also been introduced. It is shown that this simulation method is compatible with the experimental results with reasonable accuracy. The results showed that the authors have a correlation of about 0.934 between experimental results obtained in 30 ppb of CO gas and its simulation data.
An adaptive decision‐making approach for transmission expansion planning considering risk assessment of renewable energy extreme scenarios
Authors: Zhao Pengfei , Xu Xinzhi , Dong Xiaochong , Gao Yi , Sun Yingyun
Published: August 2023

The extreme power output scenarios of renewable energy sources (RES) proposed new challenges to the safe and stable operation of the power system. Transmission expansion planning (TEP) with large‐scale RES grid integration needs considering the risk of extreme scenarios. In this paper, an adaptive decision‐making approach for the TEP problem based on planning‐risk assessment‐replanning iterative process is proposed. The method obtains massive temporal and spatial correlated wind‐photovoltaic (PV) power output scenarios by generalizing the historical data to describe the uncertainties. A data‐driven load loss risk assessment model (RAM) based on the power system's actual operating state is built, referring to the degree of extreme scenario risks on the balance of supply and demand, and the probability of extreme scenario occurrence. The planning decision is progressively revised according to the risk assessment result. The Garver's 6‐bus system and the IEEE RTS 24‐bus system are adopted as simulation cases. The results show that the optimal expansion plans achieve a balance between the economy and robustness, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method.
The miniJPAS survey
Authors: Maturi M. , Finoguenov A. , Lopes P. A. A. , González Delgado R. M. , Dupke R. A. , Cypriano E. S. , Carrasco E. R. , Diego J. M. , Penna-Lima M. , Doubrawa L. , Vílchez J. M. , Moscardini L. , Marra V. , Bonoli S. , Rodríguez-Martín J. E. , Zitrin A. , Márquez I. , Hernán-Caballero A. , Jiménez-Teja Y. , Abramo R. , Alcaniz J. , Benitez N. , Carneiro S. , Cenarro J. , Cristóbal-Hornillos D. , Ederoclite A. , López-Sanjuan C. , Marín-Franch A. , Mendes de Oliveira C. , Moles M. , Sodré Jr L. , Taylor K. , Varela J. , Vázquez Ramió H. , Fernández-Ontiveros J. A.
Published: August 2023

Context. Samples of galaxy clusters allow us to better understand the physics at play in galaxy formation and to constrain cosmological models once the mass, position (for clustering studies), and redshift are known. In this context, large optical datasets play a crucial role.

Aims. We investigate the capabilities of the Javalambre-Physics of the Accelerating Universe Astrophysical Survey (J-PAS) in detecting and characterizing galaxy groups and clusters. We analysed the data of the miniJPAS survey, obtained with the JPAS-Pathfinder camera and covering 1 deg2 centred on the AEGIS field to the same depths and with the same 54 narrow-band filters plus two broader-band near-UV and near-IR filters anticipated for the full J-PAS survey.

Methods. We used the Adaptive Matched Identifier of Clustered Objects (AMICO) algorithm to detect and characterize groups and clusters of galaxies down to S/N = 2.5 in the redshift range 0.05 < z < 0.8.

Results. We detected 80, 30, and 11 systems with signal-to-noise ratios higher than 2.5, 3.0, and 3.5, respectively, down to ∼1013 M⊙ h−1. We derive mass-proxy scaling relations based on Chandra and XMM-Newton X-ray data for the signal amplitude returned by AMICO, the intrinsic richness, and a new proxy that incorporates the galaxies’ stellar masses. This proxy is made possible thanks to the J-PAS filters and shows a smaller scatter with respect to the richness. We fully characterize the sample and use AMICO to derive a probabilistic membership association of galaxies with the detected groups that we test against spectroscopy. We further show how the narrow-band filters of J-PAS provide a gain of up to 100% in signal-to-noise ratio in detection and an uncertainty on the redshift of clusters of only σz = 0.0037(1 + z), placing J-PAS between broad-band photometric and spectroscopic surveys.

Conclusions. The performance of AMICO and J-PAS with respect to mass sensitivity, mass-proxies quality, and redshift accuracy will allow us to derive cosmological constraints not only based on cluster counts, but also based on clustering of galaxy clusters.
The main evolutionary pathways of massive hierarchical triple stars
Authors: Kummer F. , Toonen S. , de Koter A.
Published: August 2023

Context. So far, stellar population studies have mainly focused on the evolution of single and binary stars. Recent observations show that triple and higher order multiple star systems are ubiquitous in the local population, especially among massive stars. Introducing three-body dynamical effects can influence the evolution of an individual stellar system and can therefore affect the predicted rates of astrophysical sources that are a product of stellar evolution. Therefore, predictions of triple star evolution are necessary for a more complete understanding of the evolutionary behaviour of stellar populations and their end products.

Aims. We aim to constrain the main evolutionary pathways of massive hierarchical triple star systems and to quantify the effect of the third star on the evolution of the system.

Methods. We model the massive triple star population by performing simulations of triple star evolution with the TRES code, which combines stellar evolution with secular evolution of triple systems, and explore how robust the predictions of these simulations are under variations of uncertain initial conditions. We focus on coeval, hierarchical stellar triples in pre-mass-transfer phases.

Results. Interactions are common among massive triple stars. The majority of systems (65%–77%) experience a phase of mass transfer in the inner binary, often with a main sequence donor star. This differs significantly from isolated binary evolution, where mass transfer is less frequent (52.3% instead of 67% for our fiducial model) and the donors are typically post-main sequence stars. Initial constraints for dynamical stability as well as eccentricity oscillations driven by the third body facilitate the occurrence of interactions, such as mass transfer. The requirement of dynamical stability at formation places quite stringent constraints on allowed orbital properties, reducing uncertainties in triple evolution that resort from these initial conditions. Ignoring three-body dynamics during evolution of non-interacting triples leads to triple compact-object systems with stronger eccentricity oscillations and thereby likely over-predicts the merger rate of compact objects in such systems.
Experimental estimation of ladder dredge efficiency for capture of European flat oysters over mixed sediment
Authors: Cameron Tom C. , Smart Russell , Lown Alice , Baker Alex , Korda Rebecca
Published: August 2023

Fishing gear-based landings or survey methods are often used to make assessments of species stock abundance. In order to convert catch into abundance values, estimates or assumptions are made on the catch efficiency of the gear-based method. This is the case in areas where flat oysters, Ostrea edulis, are surveyed for fisheries and conservation objectives in a range of projects across Europe. Flat oyster dredge efficiency assumptions vary widely from 5–30% in published studies and uncertainty in what is an appropriate efficiency estimate has led some survey teams to switch to Catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE), where CPUE is also of concern should catch efficiency change with shellfish density, ground type or some other unmeasured variable such as shellfish distribution. We undertook an experimental approach to estimate dredge efficiency in a standard ladder dredge used to harvest and survey adult flat oysters in the UK and Ireland. The dredge efficiency trials assessed how efficiency was influenced by oyster density (between 1 and 2.2 oysters m2), distribution (clumped vs uniform) and ground types across a gradient of more hard to more soft surface sediments. Dredge efficiency was significantly affected by oyster distribution, but also density and ground hardness as well as their interactions. While a median value between 7 and 10% seems an appropriate universal ladder dredge efficiency to adopt, ground type and distribution had such an effect that local conditions may effect this considerably. Catch efficiency was negatively density-dependent, this makes CPUE methods challenging where oyster densities are likely to vary. Practitioners, regulators and researchers conducting surveys can improve CPUE approaches through standard techniques and knowledge of how catch efficiency varies as we have presented here.
Study on the metallurgical function of mold electromagnetic stirring in continuous casting bloom
Authors: Wang Yadong , Chen Wei , Zhang Lifeng
Published: August 2023

The metallurgical function of mold electromagnetic stirring(M-EMS) was investigated by simulation according to the following factors: flow field, temperature field, solidification, removal of inclusions, slag entrainment, and macrosegregation. When the current intensity increased from 0 A to 490 A, the rotational flow induced by M-EMS enhanced gradually, and the impinging effect of jet flow on the solidification front decreased obviously. The average speed on the top surface increased from 0.015 m/s to 0.038 m/s. The temperature of the molten steel was more uniform, and the temperature on the top surface decreased from 1788.5 K to 1785.9 K. The depth of depressions induced by the jet flow decreased from 6.1 mm to 0.7 mm. When the current intensity of M-EMS was 390 A, the removal fraction of inclusions was the highest. When the current intensity of M-EMS was 0 A, no slag entrainment occurred. With the current intensity of M-EMS increasing from 290 A to 490 A, the net slag entrainment rate was 0.003, 0.013, and 0.047 kg/s. When the current intensity of M-EMS increased from 0 A to 490 A, the minimum carbon content of negative segregation in the subsurface of the bloom worsened from 0.176% to 0.167%. For the bloom CC process, the M-EMS scheme should be weak or no M-EMS to decrease the occurrence of slag entrainment and improve the negative segregation in the subsurface of the bloom.
Parametrized non intrusive space-time approximation for explicit dynamic fem applications
Authors: Boukraichi Hamza , Razaaly Nassim , Akkari Nissrine , Casenave Fabien , Ryckelynck David
Published: August 2023

In the following work, a benchmark of different non-intrusive model reduction approaches is performed on an explicit dynamic contact 3D-problem. The main purpose of this work is to evaluate the stability of the reduced model with respect to time along with the precision of these approaches with respect to the true solutions of interest. These solutions are the prediction of displacement and velocity fields. The precision of these approaches is also evaluated with respect to the evolution of some materials parameters. Six parameters vary in this study and we would like to predict the whole transient fast dynamic impact response with respect to each parameters. To this end, several models are trained : Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) and Deep convolutional Neural Network (DcNN), in addition, a vectorized version of Interpolation in Grassman Manifolds is proposed. The benchmark performed illustrate that using DcNN’s allows to achieve the best precision and stability in predicting physical fields.
Efficient approximations of the fisher matrix in neural networks using kronecker product singular value decomposition
Authors: Koroko Abdoulaye , Anciaux-Sedrakian Ani , Gharbia Ibtihel Ben , Garès Valérie , Haddou Mounir , Tran Quang Huy
Published: August 2023

We design four novel approximations of the Fisher Information Matrix (FIM) that plays a central role in natural gradient descent methods for neural networks. The newly proposed approximations are aimed at improving Martens and Grosse’s Kronecker-factored block diagonal (KFAC) one. They rely on a direct minimization problem, the solution of which can be computed via the Kronecker product singular value decomposition technique. Experimental results on the three standard deep auto-encoder benchmarks showed that they provide more accurate approximations to the FIM. Furthermore, they outperform KFAC and state-of-the-art first-order methods in terms of optimization speed.
Liebe Leserinnen und Leser,
Authors: Beilenhoff Ulrike
Published: August 2023

der Sommer lässt in diesem Jahr viele unter den heißen Temperaturen stöhnen. Wie gut,
dass viele Endoskopie-Abteilungen mittlerweile mit Klimaanlagen ausgestattet sind. Heiß
wird es auch auf politischer Ebene. Hier stehen einige heiße Themen an.
Die neuralgische Amyotrophie: eine häufige Ursache uni- oder bilateraler Zwerchfellparesen
Authors: Zimmermann Maximilian , Wollsching-Strobel Maximilian , Majorski Daniel Sebastian , Kroppen Doreen , Schwarz Sarah Bettina , Berger Melanie , Windisch Wolfram , Holle Johannes Fabian
Published: August 2023

Eine ein- oder beidseitige Zwerchfellparese kann verschiedene Ursachen haben, an erster Stelle stehen (intraoperative) Verletzungen des Nervus phrenicus. In bis zu 20% der Fälle lässt sich jedoch trotz umfangreicher Abklärung keine Erklärung finden. Die neuralgische Amyotrophie (NA, syn. Parsonage-Turner-Syndrom) ist eine häufige, im Alltag unterdiagnostizierte, multifokale autoimmun-inflammatorische Erkrankung, die überwiegend proximale Nervenabschnitte der oberen Extremitäten betrifft. Klassische Symptome sind akut einsetzende, starke Schmerzen im Bereich des Schultergürtels mit zeitverzögert auftretenden Paresen der Schulter- und Armmuskulatur. In mindestens 7% der Fälle ist der N. phrenicus (mit-)betroffen. Legt man die jährliche Inzidenz einer NA von 1:1000 zugrunde, ist die Entität als Ursache einer Zwerchfellfunktionsstörung wahrscheinlich nicht so ungewöhnlich, wie bislang angenommen. Die klinische Erfahrung zeigt jedoch, dass diese Diagnose oft nicht in Betracht gezogen und die Zwerchfellparese somit fälschlicherweise als idiopathisch klassifiziert wird. Fatal ist dies v.a. im Hinblick auf die Möglichkeit einer medikamentösen Therapie mittels Kortikosteroiden im Akutstadium einer NA sowie einer möglicherweise zu frühen operativen Zwerchfellraffung aufgrund des Potenzials der Erkrankung einer spontanen Heilung auch viele Monate nach Symptombeginn.

Ziel des vorliegenden Artikels ist es, das Bewusstsein für die Entität der NA als Ursache einer Zwerchfellparese zu schärfen und einen standardisierten Ansatz für die Diagnostik und Behandlung zu etablieren.
Comparison of Transcutaneous and Total Serum Bilirubin Measurements
at Five Different Sites in Newborns before and after
Phototherapy
Authors: Eken Seda , Ilhan Ozkan , Hakan Nilay
Published: August 2023

Objective This study aims to examine the accuracy of transcutaneous
bilirubin (TcB) in estimating the total serum bilirubin (TSB) level at five
different sites before and immediately after phototherapy.

Methods This study prospectively enrolled infants with a gestational age
of 34 to 416/7 weeks who were clinically diagnosed with
neonatal jaundice and required phototherapy within 28 days after birth. TcB
levels were measured on the uncovered four areas (forehead, mid-sternum,
abdomen, and interscapular site) and covered hipbone by using the Dräger
JM-103 Jaundice Meter before phototherapy and at 0 min after
discontinuing phototherapy. Correlation and agreement between TcB and TSB levels
were assessed before and after phototherapy.

Results We included 108 infants with a mean gestational age of
37.6±1.5 weeks and birth weight of 3108±548 g. A strong
significant correlation was found between TSB and TcB measurements at all five
sites before phototherapy with the strongest correlation at the interscapular
site (r=0.768, p=0.001). The correlation was weakened between
TSB and TcB at all five sites after phototherapy; however, the strongest
correlation was at the covered hipbone (r=0.619, p=0.001). TcB
measurements at all five sites tended to underestimate TSB levels before and
after phototherapy. The difference (TcB − TSB) tended to increase with
increasing TSB levels.

Conclusions TcB levels were most accurately measured at the interscapular
site and covered hipbone before and immediately after phototherapy,
respectively.
Effect of Perioperative Prophylactic Intravenous Antibiotic Use in Immediate Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction: A Retrospective Matched Cohort Study
Authors: In Seok Kyung , Park Seok Won , Myung Yujin
Published: August 2023

Background Among breast reconstruction methods, implant-based breast reconstruction has become the mainstream. However, periprosthetic infection is still an unresolved problem. Although published articles have revealed that limited use of antibiotics is sufficient to reduce infection rates, the number of surgeons still preferring elongated usage of antibiotics is not less. The aim of our study is to validate the appropriate duration of antibiotic use to reduce infection rate after implant-based breast reconstruction.

Methods A retrospective study reviewed medical record of 235 patients (274 implants for reconstruction) who underwent prepectoral direct to implant breast reconstruction using acellular dermal matrix wrapping technique. Infection rates were analyzed for the patients administered postoperative prophylactic antibiotics until drain removal and those who received only perioperative prophylactic antibiotics for 24 hours.

Results Of the 274 implants, 98 who were administered prophylactic antibiotics until drain removal had an infection rate of 3.06% (three implants) and 176 who received prophylactic antibiotics no longer than 24 hours postoperatively had an infection rate of 4.49% (eight implants). A total of 11 patients diagnosed with postoperative infection clinically, 8 were salvaged by antibiotic treatment, and 3 had implant removal and replacement with autologous flap. Postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis duration had no statistically significant effects in the risk of infection (p = 0.549).

Conclusion The duration of prophylactic antibiotics after surgery was not related to infection risk. Further study with a large number of patients, randomized control study, and route of antibiotics is needed.
Perioperative Neonatal Acute Kidney Injury Is Common: Risk Factors for Poor Outcomes
Authors: Mohamed Tahagod H. , Mpody Christian , Nafiu Olubukola
Published: August 2023

Objective Perioperative acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with poor patient outcomes. The epidemiology of perioperative AKI is characterized in children and to a lesser extent in neonates with cardiac disease. We hypothesized that the prevalence of noncardiac perioperative AKI in neonates is higher than in older children. We also hypothesized that certain neonatal characteristics and comorbidities increase the risk of perioperative AKI and hospital mortality. We aimed to characterize the epidemiology and risk factors of perioperative AKI in neonates undergoing noncardiac surgeries and outline the associated mortality risk factors.

Study Design We performed a retrospective study of neonates ≤28 days old who underwent inpatient noncardiac surgery in 46 U.S. children's hospitals participating in the Pediatric Hospital Information System between 2016 and 2021. AKI was evaluated throughout the surgical admission encounter. AKI was defined using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) versions 9 and 10 codes. Comorbid risk factors are chronic and longstanding diagnoses and were selected using ICD-9 and ICD-10 diagnostic and procedure codes.

Results Perioperative AKI occurred in 10% of neonates undergoing noncardiac surgeries. Comorbidities associated with high risk of perioperative AKI included metabolic, hematologic/immunologic, cardiovascular, and renal disorders. The relative risk of mortality in perioperative AKI was highest in infants with low birthweight (relative risk = 1.49, 1.14–1.94) and those with hematologic (1.46, 1.12–1.90), renal (1.24, 1.01–1.52), and respiratory comorbidities (1.35, 1.09–1.67).

Conclusion Perioperative AKI is common in neonates undergoing noncardiac surgeries. Infants with high-risk comorbidity profiles for the development of perioperative AKI and mortality may benefit from close surveillance of their kidney function in the perioperative period. Although retrospective, the findings of our study could inform clinicians to tailor neonatal perioperative kidney care to improve short- and long-term outcomes.

Key Points
A Primary Intraosseous Meningioma: A Rare Case of Malignancy with High Proliferative Ability
Authors: Sato Yoshiki , Mitsuya Koichi , Kakuda Yuko , Oishi Takuma , Deguchi Shoichi , Sugino Takashi , Akiyama Yasuto , Nagashima Takeshi , Urakami Kenichi , Shimoda Yuji , Ohshima Keiichi , Hayashi Nakamasa , Yamaguchi Ken
Published: August 2023

Primary intraosseous meningioma (PIM) is a rare tumor that arises in the skull. Histopathologically, it is generally described as a slow-growing, benign lesion. However, on rare occasions, PIM presents as a malignancy with high proliferative ability, which requires maximal resection, adjuvant radiotherapy, and subsequent careful follow-up. Because of the rarity of such cases, they present a diagnostic challenge with unusual pathological findings. Herein, we report a case of a primary intraosseous anaplastic meningioma with extensive invasion inside and outside the skull, along with the results of whole-genome analysis. Histopathological diagnosis was a World Health Organization grade 3 anaplastic meningioma. In the literature, only two cases of anaplastic PIM have been reported, so its characteristics and treatment are poorly understood. Our patient was successfully treated with tumor resection, followed by intensity-modulated radiation therapy. Follow-up imaging studies revealed no recurrence or distant metastasis, including to lung, liver, and bone, at 8 months after the surgery.
Redox-Tag-Guided Radical Cation Diels–Alder Reactions: Use of Enol Ethers as Dienophiles
Authors: Okada Yohei , Morizumi Haruka , Nakayama Kaii , Kitano Yoshikazu
Published: August 2023

Although radical cation Diels–Alder reactions enable the formation of cyclohexene ring systems between electronically mismatched (both electron-rich) dienes and dienophiles, which is otherwise difficult or impossible to achieve under thermal conditions, the substrate scope has been limited. Herein, we disclose that a radical cation Diels–Alder reaction using an enol ether as an electron-rich (and therefore oxidizable) dienophile is possible through a rationally designed redox tag strategy. Electrochemical and TiO2 photochemical approaches are effective in driving the reaction, where both intermolecular and intramolecular electron transfers are the key.
The effects of the healthcare line in a stroke unit: three years' experience of a center in the Northeast of Brazil
Authors: Rangel Deborah Moreira , Feitosa Anna Karuza Nogueira , Araújo Flaviane Melo , Pinheiro Mara Cibelly da Silva , Cidrão Alan Alves de Lima
Published: August 2023

Background Treatment at an organized stroke unit center (SUC) improves survival after stroke. Stroke mortality has decreased worldwide in recent decades.

Objective This study shows the experience of a SUC in the Northeast of Brazil, comparing its first, second, and third years.

Methods We compared data on the SUC prospectively collected from 31 July 2018 to 31 July 2019 (year 1), August 1st, 2019, to July 31st, 2020 (year 2), and August 1st to July 31st, 2021 (year 3).

Results There was an expertise evolution through the years, with good outcomes in spite of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in the 3rd year. Also, in the 1st year, the median (interquartile range) door-to-needle time was 39.5 (29.5–60.8) minutes evolving to 22 (17–30) minutes, and then to 17 (14–22) minutes in the last year.

Conclusion This was the first report on a SUC's outcome in the Brazil's Central Arid Northeast countryside, and it shows the improvement in care for patients with stroke through an effective healthcare line.
New role of astrocytes in neuroprotective mechanisms after ischemic stroke
Authors: Xie Xiaoyun , Liu Jingli
Published: August 2023

Astrocytes are the most abundant cell subtypes in the central nervous system. Previous studies believed that astrocytes are supporting cells in the brain, which only provide nutrients for neurons. However, recent studies have found that astrocytes have more crucial and complex functions in the brain, such as neurogenesis, phagocytosis, and ischemic tolerance. After an ischemic stroke, the activated astrocytes can exert neuroprotective or neurotoxic effects through a variety of pathways. In this review, we will discuss the neuroprotective mechanisms of astrocytes in cerebral ischemia, and mainly focus on reactive astrocytosis or glial scar, neurogenesis, phagocytosis, and cerebral ischemic tolerance, for providing new strategies for the clinical treatment of stroke.
A Pilot Single-Site Randomized Control Trial: Investigating the Use of Donor Milk in Late Preterm and Term Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Pithia Neema , Grogan Tristan , Garg Meena , Kesavan Kalpashri , Calkins Kara L.
Published: August 2023

Objective We aimed to study donor milk (DM) supplementation when mother's own milk (MOM) was unavailable in term and late preterm infants (LPIs) admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). We hypothesized that this study would be feasible, defined by the rate of consent, diet adherence, and study completion. We further hypothesized that compared with formula supplementation, DM supplementation, for no longer than 7 days from birth, would be associated with an increase in breastfeeding attempts and the percentage of MOM (MOM%) without adversely affecting growth. Breastfeeding attempts and MOM% were assessed over 48 hours at the end of the intervention, which was defined as NICU discharge or at the end of supplementation, whichever came sooner.

Study Design This was a pilot study (n = 32). Infants with a gestational age > 34 weeks admitted to the NICU were included. Infants were randomized to one of two groups: human milk (MOM + DM) or formula (MOM + F).

Results The consent rate was 52%. Adherence to the study diet was 97%, and completion was 100%. When the MOM + DM group was compared with the MOM + F group, there was no difference in breastfeeding attempts (median [interquartile range]: 3.5 [1.5–6] vs. 1.5 [0.5–4] times, p = 0.1) or MOM% (60 vs. 59%, p = 0.9). Weight and length at multiple time points were similar when the groups were compared.

Conclusion A study randomizing term and LPIs in the NICU to DM or formula when MOM was unavailable is feasible. It remains unclear if DM improves breastfeeding success in this population.

Key Points
Lombalgia em estudantes e professores de medicina durante a pandemia: Estudo de coorte retrospectivo
Authors: Mattos Arthur Fiorotto de , Lima Natália Fortuny de , Wajchenberg Marcelo , Martins Delio Eulalio
Published: August 2023

Objetivo Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar a prevalência de lombalgia antes e durante a pandemia, comparando os dois períodos.

Métodos Foi aplicado um questionário contendo questões sobre a presença de lombalgia, características sociodemográficas e hábitos que poderiam estar relacionados à essa dor.

Resultados Entre as 978 respostas obtidas, a prevalência de lombalgia durante a pandemia foi de 69,94%, o que representou um aumento significativo em relação aos valores do período pré-pandêmico (57,37%). Foi encontrada alta prevalência de lombalgia entre todos os grupos, principalmente entre as mulheres. Alguns fatores foram associados à incidência de lombalgia, como ter problemas de coluna previamente diagnosticados e sedentarismo.

Conclusões A prevalência de lombalgia aumentou significativamente durante a pandemia nos grupos estudados.
ADC Mapping and T2 Mapping of the Lumbar Spine to Assess Disc Degeneration: A Review
Authors: Abhijith S. , Ravichandran Kayalvizhi
Published: August 2023

Early detection of disc degeneration and categorizing them is very important for the treatment plan and better prognosis. We aimed to assess the efficacy of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) mapping and T2 mapping in the early detection and grading of the severity of degenerative disc disease. In this review, the articles published until July 2022, from the PubMed database were used. All articles contained information about the application of ADC and T2 mapping in the detection of disc degeneration. A total of 40 articles were included in this review. We assessed each article for the feasibility of both techniques to categorize the degeneration. ADC values of nucleus pulposus (NP) showed a negative correlation with Pfirrmann grades and age. T2 values of NP and annulus fibrosus (AF) are significantly decreased with an increase in Pfirrmann grades. And also, as age increases, T2 values of NP and posterior AF decreased significantly. ADC and T2 mapping techniques are sensitive in the detection and categorization of disc degeneration. It is highly recommended to include quantitative magnetic resonance imaging techniques in routine spine imaging protocol in a patient with complaints of back pain.