bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural pluralism and incivility: comparing patterns of moral foundations and incivility in responses to news posts
Authors: Kim Bumsoo
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Focusing on the sociological clarification based on structural pluralism, this study explores the degree to which social media users who comment on the news posts of local newspapers use uncivil remarks and words that reflect their moral foundations.

Design/methodology/approach

This computer-assisted data collection produces three types of datasets that include numerous social media comments. To explore the association between moral foundations and incivility, both quadratic association procedure (QAP) and multiple regression QAP (MRQAP) are implemented.

Findings

The findings suggest that social media users who comment on the news posts of urban-located newspapers tend to use more uncivil words compared to social media users who comment on the news posts of suburban and rural-based newspapers. Individuals who comment on the news posts of urban-based newspapers tend to show a wider range of moral foundation spectrums than those who comment on the posts of rural and suburban newspapers. Lastly, there are significant associations between moral-vice components and incivility in response to urban- and suburban-located newspapers' social media posts.

Research limitations/implications

The employed bag-of-words may not completely capture incivility given that social media users can use nuanced and metaphoric terms instead of explicitly uncivil terms. Even though this study systematically selected local newspapers' social media accounts, the contextual factors of other newspapers in politically slanted communities could be different.

Practical implications

The findings of this study provide meaningful and practical implications for journalists and news reporters. The inherent rudeness and aggressiveness of social media users can drive them to use uncivil and moral-harm words against a particular person or group.

Social implications

Under the circumstance that fake news and politically slanted news content are widely distributed in the United States, social media users may easily express negative emotions toward news stories or the journalists who post the stories.

Originality/value

Structural pluralism particularly specializes in explaining why and how the contextual factors of news stories differ depending on community complexity. Building on the reasoning of structural pluralism in the social media context, this study investigates the degree to which social media users who comment on the news posts of local newspapers employ uncivil remarks and moral foundation words.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/OIR-11-2020-0522.
Socially responsible investment behavior: a study of individual investors from India
Authors: Jonwall Renu , Gupta Seema , Pahuja Shuchi
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Socially responsible investment (SRI) is a niche and upcoming investment strategy in India. Very few researches have been conducted on SRI in the Indian context. This study identifies the SRI awareness level, attitude towards the importance of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues, willingness to invest in SRI avenues and obstacles in SRI investment decision-making by Indian retail investors. The second objective was among the awareness, attitude, willingness, obstacle, and demographic constructs to identify the most significant variables that impact an individual investor's SRI decision in India. .

Design/methodology/approach

Data for the study have been collected through a self-structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics are used to identify the importance of variables for individual investors. This paper used the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to understand the factors impacting individual investors' SRI behavior. Binary logistics regression analysis is used to recognize the variables that affect an individual investor's SRI decision.

Findings

The descriptive statistics indicate a low level of SRI awareness; the majority of the investors agreed that ESG issues are significant in investing and showed a willingness to invest in SRI avenues. However, the investors were not willing to accept lower returns from SRI. The majority of investors found, lower returns on SRIs, no tax benefit, lack of information about SRIs, and low liquidity as important obstacles in SRI investing. Binary logistics regression results indicated that awareness about SR/ESG indices, awareness about SR/ESG funds, and willingness to invest in SRI avenues significantly impact investors' SRI decisions but demographic variables have no significant impact on SRI decision-making.

Practical implications

This study has implications for the ethical/SR mutual funds managers, policymakers, government, and international asset management companies. The study finds an urgent need for increasing awareness about SRI among individual investors in India. The study suggests that the issuers must provide adequate information about SRI avenues and probable risk and returns involved in these, while the regulators must make efforts to educate investors in India.

Originality/value

The context of the present study is original because hardly any of the earlier studies conducted in India have tried to find out the individual investors' SRI awareness level, investors' willingness towards SRI, investors' attitude towards ESG issues, and obstacles faced by investors in socially responsible investing.
Application of learning organization 2.0: a case study of Ricoh Ena Forest Japan
Authors: Frendy Frendy , Goi Hoe Chin , Hakeem Muhammad Mohsin , Law Kuok Kei
Published: July 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to offer an empirical application of the concept of learning organization (LO) 2.0.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on fieldwork study, a case of Ricoh Ena Forest Project is presented to illustrate the contextualized and multi-stakeholder perspective of LO 2.0 in running an environmental sustainability project.

Findings

The case demonstrated the value of incorporating multiple stakeholders to develop a multi-party learning entity for sustainability pursuit. The findings also highlighted the importance of forfeiting managerial dominance and the creation of a shared commitment in implementing the concept of LO 2.0.

Originality/value

The study adds empirical evidence to the literature on how LO 2.0 can be implemented and provides guidance on tackling some of the potential challenges.
Performance analysis of variable thickness longitudinal fin with functionally graded material in dry and fully wet conditions
Authors: Bajpai Upendra , Soni Palash , Gaba Vivek Kumar , Bhowmick Shubhankar
Published: July 2022

Purpose

When the temperature of an air conditioning unit’s fin surface goes below its dew point temperature, condensation forms on the unit’s surface. As a result, the cooling coil’s performance is compromised. By altering the cross-section and heat conductivity of the fins, the performance of such systems can be improved. This study aims to analyze the thermal performance of longitudinal fins made up of a variable thickness (assuming constant weight) and functionally graded material.

Design/methodology/approach

Different grading parameters are considered for an exponential variation of thermal conductivity. The humidity ratio and the corresponding fin temperatures are assumed to follow a cubic relationship. The Bvp4c solver in MATLAB® is used to solve the differential heat transfer equation resulting from balancing heat transfer in a small segment.

Findings

Validation of the methodology is provided by previous research presented in this area. For different combinations of grading parameters, geometry parameters and relative humidity, the normalized temperature distribution along the fin length and fin efficiency contours are plotted, and the results are very promising.

Originality/value

When compared to the efficiency of an isotropic homogenous rectangular longitudinal fin with optimal geometry and grading parameters, a 17% increase in efficiency under fully wet conditions is measured. When it comes to fin design, these efficiency contour plots are extremely useful.
Killing Two Birds with One Stone in the Nonmarket Environment: The Orchestration of Corporate Social Responsibility as a Political Strategy
Authors: Liedong Tahiru Azaaviele
Published: July 2022

This paper explores how corporate social responsibility (CSR) is used as a political strategy. Drawing on social exchange theory and using data from firms operating in Ghana, the findings reveal that when CSR is politicized, it involves the design and implementation of politically charged CSR initiatives that entail firm–polity negotiated exchanges. Firms exchange social interventions for political influence in ways that allow politicians to take the credit to boost their re‐election. To do this, the choice of target politician hinges on political vulnerability, the selection of CSR initiatives is based on CSR orientation and CSR benefit personalization, the location of CSR is linked to politicians’ electoral constituencies and the timing of CSR is affected by election cycles. Overall, this paper provides new insights into how CSR is used in indirect social exchanges in political markets, shows that CSR can be CPA and thus extends nonmarket strategy integration from its focus on CSR's complementarity with CPA to its instrumentality in CPA. The findings have important theoretical and practical implications.
Atomic Fatherhood: ‘Uncle Louis’, ‘Ike’ and the Electoral Politics of Paternalism in Canada and the United States, 1949–53
Authors: Priest Allen G.
Published: July 2022

Louis St Laurent and Dwight Eisenhower came to power during one of the most intense periods of the Cold War. The Soviets had recently developed a nuclear bomb, touching off an arms race, while both the Canadian and American governments ran desperate investigations to purge their ranks of suspected communist sympathisers. St Laurent's victories in 1949, and again in 1953, as well as Eisenhower's in 1952, are often seen as inevitable. This interpretation is rooted in the fact that both men managed to stir overwhelming support from the hearts of their citizens. However, this viewpoint often fails to examine how their campaigns did this – through the projection of a reassuring, paternalistic image that spoke to hegemonic masculine norms in the era. Elaine Tyler May argues that the nuclear family, with the father at the helm, was seen as a form of ‘domestic containment’ against external ills. This article extends that theory upwards and explores how voters responded positively to the projection of a fatherly image from St Laurent and Eisenhower. At the same time, it examines how their campaigns actively deployed masculine image‐making to discredit opponents and depict them as outside the hegemonic masculine ideal. By voting instead for St Laurent and Eisenhower, citizens could be reassured that their families would come under the protection of a calm father figure, who would guide the nation through the current period of intense instability.
Of False Hair, Spanish Wool, and Witchcraft: The Act of Parliament That Never Was
Authors: Daniell Alison
Published: July 2022

The wording of the so‐called Hoops and Heels Act of 1770 ostensibly permitted the husbands of women who had used beauty aids to ‘betray [them] into matrimony’ to declare their marriages null and void, and for those wives to be punished as witches. A set form of words, this supposed Act of Parliament has been quoted and re‐quoted across the globe since the late eighteenth century, even though its provisions never existed in law. This article analyses some of the Hoops and Heels text's possible cultural origins: namely eighteenth‐century understandings of witchcraft, the moral panic surrounding divorce and adultery, satires surrounding cosmetic usage as well as long‐standing discourses that – even today – associate women's sexual power over men with witchcraft and deception.
Acoustic species distribution models (aSDMs): A framework to forecast shifts in calling behaviour under climate change
Authors: Desjonquères Camille , Villén‐Pérez Sara , De Marco Paulo , Márquez Rafael , Beltrán Juan F. , Llusia Diego
Published: July 2022

Species distribution models (SDMs) are a key tool for biogeography and climate change research, although current approaches have some significant drawbacks. The use of species occurrence constrains predictions of correlative models, while there is a general lack of eco‐physiological data to develop mechanistic models. Passive acoustic monitoring is an emerging technique in ecology that may help to overcome these limitations. By remotely tracking animal behaviour across species geographical ranges, researchers can estimate the climatic breadth of species activity and provide a baseline for refined predictive models. However, such integrative approach still remains to be developed.

Here, we propose the following: (a) a general and transferable method to build acoustic SDMs, a novel tool combining acoustic and biogeographical information, (b) a detailed comparison with standard correlative and mechanistic models, (c) a step‐by‐step guide to develop aSDMs and (d) a study case to assess their effectiveness and illustrate model outputs, using a year‐round monitoring of calling behaviour of the Iberian tree frog at the thermal extremes of its distribution range. This method aims at forecasting changes in environmental suitability for acoustic communication, a key and climate‐dependent behaviour for a wide variety of animal taxa.

aSDMs identified strong associations between calling behaviour and local environmental conditions and showed robust and consistent predictive performance using two alternative models (regression and boundary). Furthermore, these models better captured climatic variation than correlative models as they use observations at higher temporal resolution. These results support aSDMs as efficient tools to model calling behaviour under future climate scenarios.

The proposed approach offers a promising basis to explore the capacity of vocal species to deal with climate change, supported by an innovative integration of two disciplines: bioacoustics and biogeography. aSMDs are grounded on ecologically realistic conditions and provide spatially and temporally explicit predictions on calling behaviour, with direct implications in reproduction and survival. This enables to precisely forecast shifts in breeding phenology, geographic distribution or species persistence. Our study demonstrates how acoustic monitoring may represent an increasingly valuable tool for climate change research.
Income and Wealth Inequality in Asia and the Pacific: Trends, Causes, and Policy Remedies
Authors: Zhuang Juzhong
Published: July 2022

The Asia–Pacific region's rapid growth and poverty reduction in recent decades have been accompanied by rising income and wealth inequality. Technological progress, globalization, deregulation and market‐oriented reform, and financialization have generated many new opportunities, but rewarded capital more than labor, benefited skilled workers more than the unskilled, widened spatial inequality, and produced a growing number of the superrich. For some countries, population aging has also contributed to rising inequality. The present paper provides an update on recent trends of income and wealth inequality in the Asia–Pacific region, examines causes behind rising inequality, and discusses policy actions needed to tackle inequality. It also assesses how the COVID‐19 has likely worsened inequality in the region.
Continuous glucose monitoring: A cost‐effective tool to reduce pre‐term birth rates in women with type one diabetes
Authors: Sekhon Jasmin , Graham Dorothy , Mehrotra Chhaya , Li Ian
Published: July 2022

Background

Women with type one diabetes experience poorer obstetric outcomes than normoglycaemic women in pregnancy.

Objective

To investigate the cost and clinical effectiveness of continuous glucose monitoring (GCM) compared to self‐monitoring of blood glucose in improving obstetric outcomes in women with type one diabetes during pregnancy.

Materials and Methods

This retrospective cohort study included women with type one diabetes referred to a state‐wide tertiary obstetric centre before and after the introduction of government‐funded CGMs in Australia in March 2019. Forty‐nine women using CGMs were propensity matched on a range of clinical features with a historical group of 49 women with type one diabetes who exclusively used intermittent self‐monitoring of blood in the year prior to the introduction of funding of sensors. Medical records and administrative cost data were audited to quantify cost and clinical effectiveness.

Results

There were significantly lower pre‐term (95% CI 0.39–0.922; P = 0.026) and very pre‐term birth rates (95% CI 1.002–1.184; P = 0.041) in the CGM group. There was a significant reduction in the length of antenatal inpatient hospital stay (P < 0.01) and adult special care unit stay (P = 0.013) and neonatal admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (P = 0.0262) in the continuous glucose monitoring group. CGMs represented a net cost saving to the health care sector of $12 063 per pregnancy where the device was used, with an incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio of $3275 per prevented pre‐term birth.

Conclusions

CGM use in pregnancy is a cost‐effective intervention for reducing the risk of pre‐term birth in women with type one diabetes, resulting in a net cost benefit to the health sector.
Effects of probiotic administration on the digestibility characteristics and growth performance of finishing beef cattle fed a total mixed ration containing different levels of corn stover
Authors: Wu Qingyu , Cao Manyu , Xie Huade , Huang Qiulian , Zhou Xin , Guo Jun , Sun Yun , Yang Jingjing , Lei De , Zhang Aizhong , Zuo Feng , Cao Yang
Published: July 2022

In this study, we aimed to assess the effects of probiotic administration on the digestibility characteristics and growth performance of finishing beef cattle fed a total mixed ration (TMR) containing different levels of corn stover. One hundred and sixty Simmental × Continental crossbred bulls were randomly allocated to two animal houses (80 bulls each) and randomly assigned four TMR differing in the level of corn stover—high (HCT) and low (LCT)—with or without probiotics in each animal house. Feeding HCT supplemented with probiotics increased (P < 0.05) the apparent digestibility of crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF). Regardless of probiotic supplementation, the nitrogen intake and fecal nitrogen levels of animals fed HCT were lower than those fed LCT (P < 0.05). Additionally, feeding probiotics increased (P < 0.05) the efficiency of ruminal fermentation, final body weight, and average daily gain (ADG) of animals, with this effect being stronger in animals fed HCT. In conclusion, supplementing probiotics with HCT has a positive effect on the growth of finishing beef cattle, thereby providing economic benefits.
Population pharmacokinetic analyses of regorafenib and capecitabine in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (SAKK 41/16 RECAP)
Authors: Schmulenson Eduard , Bovet Cédric , Theurillat Regula , Decosterd Laurent Arthur , Largiadèr Carlo R. , Prost Jean‐Christophe , Csajka Chantal , Bärtschi Daniela , Guckenberger Matthias , von Moos Roger , Bastian Sara , Joerger Markus , Jaehde Ulrich
Published: July 2022

Aims

Locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) is an area of unmet medical need with one third of patients dying from their disease. With response to neoadjuvant chemo‐radiotherapy being a major prognostic factor, trial SAKK 41/16 assessed potential benefits of adding regorafenib to capecitabine‐amplified neoadjuvant radiotherapy in LARC patients.

Methods

Patients received regorafenib at three dose levels (40/80/120 mg once daily) combined with capecitabine 825 mg/m2 bidaily and local radiotherapy. We developed population pharmacokinetic models from plasma concentrations of capecitabine and its metabolites 5′‐deoxy‐5‐fluorocytidine and 5′‐deoxy‐5‐fluorouridine as well as regorafenib and its metabolites M‐2 and M‐5 as implemented into SAKK 41/16 to assess potential drug–drug interactions (DDI). After establishing parent‐metabolite base models, drug exposure parameters were tested as covariates within the respective models to investigate for potential DDI. Simulation analyses were conducted to quantify their impact.

Results

Plasma concentrations of capecitabine, regorafenib and metabolites were characterized by one and two compartment models and absorption was described by parallel first‐ and zero‐order processes and transit compartments, respectively. Apparent capecitabine clearance was 286 L/h (relative standard error [RSE] 14.9%, interindividual variability [IIV] 40.1%) and was reduced by regorafenib cumulative area under the plasma concentration curve (median reduction of 45.6%) as exponential covariate (estimate −4.10 × 10−4, RSE 17.8%). Apparent regorafenib clearance was 1.94 L/h (RSE 12.1%, IIV 38.1%). Simulation analyses revealed significantly negative associations between capecitabine clearance and regorafenib exposure.

Conclusions

This work informs the clinical development of regorafenib and capecitabine combination treatment and underlines the importance of studying potential DDI with new anticancer drug combinations.
Gene‐dosage effect of Pfkfb3 on monocyte/macrophage biology in atherosclerosis
Authors: Guo Shuai , Li Anqi , Fu Xiaodong , Li Zou , Cao Kaixiang , Song Mingchuan , Huang Shuqi , Li Ziling , Yan Jingwei , Wang Litao , Dai Xiaoyan , Feng Du , Wang Yong , He Jun , Huo Yuqing , Xu Yiming
Published: July 2022

Background and Purpose

Macrophage‐rich atherosclerotic arteries are highly active in glycolysis. PFKFB3, a key glycolytic enzyme, has emerged as a potential therapeutic target in atherosclerosis. Small‐molecule inhibitors of PFKFB3, such as 3PO and PFK158, have demonstrated efficacy in hampering atherogenesis in preclinical models. However, genetic studies elucidating the role of Pfkfb3 in atherogenesis need to be conducted to validate pharmacological findings and to unveil potential pharmacological side effects.

Experimental Approach

Apoe−/− mice with global heterozygous or myeloid cell‐specific Pfkfb3 deficiency were fed a Western diet (WD), after which atherosclerosis development was determined. Monocyte subsets in atherosclerotic mice and patients were examined by flow cytometry. Monocyte infiltration was assayed by a Ly6Chi monocyte‐specific latex labelling procedure. In situ efferocytosis was assessed on mouse aortic root sections. Additionally, metabolic status, macrophage motility, efferocytosis, and involved mechanisms were analysed in peritoneal macrophages.

Key Results

Global heterozygous or myeloid cell‐specific Pfkfb3 deficiency reduced atherogenesis in Apoe−/− mice. Mechanistic studies showed that PFKFB3 controlled the proliferation and infiltration of proinflammatory monocytes. Moreover, PFKFB3 expression was associated with inflammatory monocyte expansion in patients with atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. Surprisingly, homozygous loss of Pfkfb3 impaired macrophage efferocytosis and exacerbated atherosclerosis in Apoe−/− mice. Mechanistically, PFKFB3‐driven glycolysis was shown to be essential for actin polymerization, thus aiding the efferocytotic function of macrophages.

Conclusion and Implications

Collectively, these findings suggest the existence of a double‐edged sword effect of myeloid PFKFB3 on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and highlight the need for caution in developing anti‐atherosclerotic strategies that target PFKFB3.
Selviytymiskertomus elämästä FASDin kanssa
Authors: Anonyymi
Published: July 2022

Tämä kommentti on Skorka et al. Katso tämä paperi vierailemalla https://doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.15290.
Forecasting in the face of ecological complexity: Number and strength of species interactions determine forecast skill in ecological communities
Authors: Daugaard Uriah , Munch Stephan B. , Inauen David , Pennekamp Frank , Petchey Owen L.
Published: July 2022

The potential for forecasting the dynamics of ecological systems is currently unclear, with contrasting opinions regarding its feasibility due to ecological complexity. To investigate forecast skill within and across systems, we monitored a microbial system exposed to either constant or fluctuating temperatures in a 5‐month‐long laboratory experiment. We tested how forecasting of species abundances depends on the number and strength of interactions and on model size (number of predictors). We also tested how greater system complexity (i.e. the fluctuating temperatures) impacted these relations. We found that the more interactions a species had, the weaker these interactions were and the better its abundance was predicted. Forecast skill increased with model size. Greater system complexity decreased forecast skill for three out of eight species. These insights into how abundance prediction depends on the connectedness of the species within the system and on overall system complexity could improve species forecasting and monitoring.
Evolutionary interactions between thermal ecology and sexual selection
Authors: Leith Noah T. , Fowler‐Finn Kasey D. , Moore Michael P.
Published: July 2022

Thermal ecology and mate competition are both pervasive features of ecological adaptation. A surge of recent work has uncovered the diversity of ways in which temperature affects mating interactions and sexual selection. However, the potential for thermal biology and reproductive ecology to evolve together as organisms adapt to their thermal environment has been underappreciated. Here, we develop a series of hypotheses regarding (1) not only how thermal ecology affects mating system dynamics, but also how mating dynamics can generate selection on thermal traits; and (2) how the thermal consequences of mate competition favour the reciprocal co‐adaptation of thermal biology and sexual traits. We discuss our hypotheses in the context of both pre‐copulatory and post‐copulatory processes. We also call for future work integrating experimental and phylogenetic comparative approaches to understand evolutionary feedbacks between thermal ecology and sexual selection. Overall, studying reciprocal feedbacks between thermal ecology and sexual selection may be necessary to understand how organisms have adapted to the environments of the past and could persist in the environments of the future.
Laryngeal reinnervation using the spinal accessory nerve: Electromyographic study of the sternomandibularis muscle
Authors: Campos Schweitzer Ariane , Mespoulhès‐Rivière Céline , Möller Dirk , Ducharme Norm , Genton Martin , Farfan Maëlle , Rossignol Fabrice
Published: July 2022

Background

Selective laryngeal reinnervation using the first and second cervical nerve (C1C2) is a treatment option for recurrent laryngeal neuropathy that aims to restore the function of the cricoarytenoideus dorsalis (CAD) muscle. Despite the technique's satisfying success rate, it has several limitations. These triggered the search for another potential donor nerve that could reduce CAD muscle fatigue and shorten rehabilitation. The ventral branch of the spinal accessory nerve, providing motor innervation to the sternomandibularis (SM) muscle, was identified as a potentially well‐adapted nerve.

Objectives

To gather normative data from SM muscle activity induced by physiological spinal accessory nerve stimulation at rest and during exercise, and to determine SM muscle activity and fibre type recruitment relative to posture, gait and respiratory cycle.

Study design

Clinical observational study.

Methods

Surface electromyography (EMG) of the SM muscle was performed in nine horses: trained warmbloods, Thoroughbreds and Standardbreds. Signals were recorded in different feeding postures and at exercise, which included standardised treadmill exercise tests, lungeing and ridden work.

Results

Timing of the SM muscle contraction coincided with inspiration at gallop. Intra‐individual mean SM muscle activity increased with exercising speed (four times higher in Thoroughbreds at gallop than walk and seven times higher in Standardbreds at high‐speed trot than walk). Moreover, the SM muscle was strongly activated at rest when the horse was grazing (seven times more than when it was eating out of a hay net or stable feeder). Frequency domain analysis revealed a predominant type I muscle fibre recruitment during feeding and at exercise (type I muscle fibre activity was at least 2.5 times higher than type II muscle fibre activity).

Main limitations

Lack of reference data on equine EMG.

Conclusions

This study confirmed the potentially advantageous properties of the spinal accessory nerve for laryngeal reinnervation.
Fatigue life prediction in presence of mean stresses using domain knowledge‐integrated ensemble of extreme learning machines
Authors: Gan Lei , Wu Hao , Zhong Zheng
Published: July 2022

An accurate and stable data‐driven model is proposed in this work for fatigue life prediction in presence of mean stresses. Multiple independent extreme learning machines are integrated into the model with distinct neural network configurations to simulate the complex correlations among mean stress levels, material properties, and fatigue lives. Meanwhile, the theoretical prediction, as a representation of domain knowledge, is used to optimize the data‐driven processes of model training and prediction. Extensive experimental data of 13 metallic materials with different mean stress levels are collected from the open literatures for model training and evaluation. The results demonstrate that the proposed model can achieve high accuracy and good stability in fatigue life prediction under mean stress loading conditions, even with a small training dataset, showing great applicability for fatigue life prediction.
Crystal‐clear days and unclear days in migraine: A population‐based study
Authors: Lee Wonwoo , Cho Soo‐Jin , Hwang Heewon , Lee Myeongjee , Kim Eun Hwa , Kim Kyung Min , Heo Kyoung , Chu Min Kyung
Published: July 2022

Objective

To investigate crystal‐clear days and unclear days in participants with migraine.

Background

Migraine affects individuals during the headache‐free period. Therefore, headache‐free days do not indicate migraine symptom‐free days. Crystal‐clear days can be characterized by days without headache and having minimal or no migraine symptoms. In contrast, days without headache, but with more than minimal migraine symptoms, can be defined as unclear days.

Methods

We used the baseline respondent data set of the Circannual Change in Headache and Sleep study, a nationwide population survey on headache and sleep. This study was a cross‐sectional and case–control analysis of longitudinally collected data. The number of crystal‐clear days per 30 days was assessed by asking “How many days have you had crystal‐clear days without headache during the previous 30 days?”. We defined headache‐free, but not crystal‐clear days, as unclear days. The number of unclear days per 30 days was calculated as follows: 30 – the number of headache days per 30 days – the number of crystal‐clear days per 30 days.

Results

Of 170 participants with migraine, 165 (97.1%) had unclear days. The numbers of crystal‐clear days (median [interquartile range] 20.0 [15.0–25.0] vs. 25.0 [20.0–29.0], p < 0.001) and unclears days (4.0 [0.0–8.0] vs. 1.0 [0.0–7.0], p < 0.001) per 30 days in participants with migraine were significantly lower and higher, respectively, than in those with non‐migraine headache. Headache days (incident rate ratio and 95% confidence interval, 0.94 [0.90–0.97], p < 0.001) and weekly average sleep duration (0.95 [0.91–1.00], p = 0.035) were significant factors for crystal‐clear days.

Conclusions

The number of crystal‐clear days were different from that of headache‐free days. Almost all participants with migraine had unclear days. Our findings will facilitate understanding the symptoms and burden of migraine.
Frequency of null genotypes of glutathione S‐transferase M1 and T1 in Japanese patients with drug‐induced liver injury
Authors: Maeda Kazuya , Takikawa Hajime , Aiso Mitsuhiko , Tsuji Kenji , Kagawa Tatehiro , Watanabe Masaaki , Sato Ken , Sakisaka Shotaro , Hiasa Yoichi , Takei Yoshiyuki , Ohira Hiromasa , Hashimoto Etsuko , Ayada Minoru , Ikegami Tadashi , Arakawa Noriaki , Kusuhara Hiroyuki , Saito Yoshiro , Sugiyama Yuichi
Published: July 2022

Aim

Previous reports suggest that the null genotype (*0/*0) of glutathione S‐transferase (GST) M1 and/or GSTT1 could be risk factors for drug‐induced liver injury (DILI). However, multi‐institutional pharmacogenetic research with various suspected drugs has rarely been performed in Japan. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotype in the occurrence of DILI in Japanese patients.

Methods

Blood samples of 270 DILI patients from 23 hospitals throughout Japan collected between 2010 and 2018 were subjected to genotyping of null genotypes of GSTM1 and GSTT1 using the SmartAmp‐2 method. We also collected information on DILI types, time to onset of DILI, pharmacological classification of suspected drugs and Digestive Disease Week‐Japan score, as well as genotypes of GSTM1 and GSTT1 in each patient with DILI.

Results

The distribution of a combination of null genotypes of GSTM1 and GSTT1 in Japanese patients with DILI was significantly different from that reported in the general Japanese population. Notably, the incidence of the GSTM1 null genotype in patients with DILI was significantly higher than that of the control population. A significant relationship between the frequency of GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes and pharmacological classification of suspected drugs, clinical laboratory data for liver function, time to onset of DILI, and Digestive Disease Week‐Japan scores was not observed.

Conclusions

The GSTM1 null genotype was associated with an increased incidence of DILI in Japanese patients.
Effects of concentration of sodium hypochlorite as an endodontic irrigant on the mechanical and structural properties of root dentine: A laboratory study
Authors: Xu Haiping , Ye Zhou , Zhang Anqi , Lin Fei , Fu Jing , Fok Alex S. L.
Published: July 2022

Aim

The use of high‐concentration sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) as an endodontic irrigant remains controversial because of its potential impact on the fracture strength of endodontically treated teeth. This study evaluated the effects of using different NaOCl concentrations, with 2‐min‐ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) as the final active irrigant, on the biomechanical and structural properties of root dentine.

Methodology

A new test method, which is more clinically relevant, was utilized to calculate the fracture strength of root dentine. Bovine incisors were used to obtain root dentine discs. The root canals were enlarged to mean diameter of 2.90 mm with a taper of 0.06. The resulting discs were divided into five groups (n = 20) and treated with different concentrations of NaOCl (5.25%, 2.5%, and 1.3%) for 30 min plus 17% EDTA for 2 min. The discs were then loaded to fracture by a steel rod with the same taper through the central hole. The fractured specimens were examined by scanning electron microscopy to evaluate changes in the dimensions of the remaining intertubular dentine and the tubular radius. Micro‐hardness was also measured with a Knoop diamond indenter along a radius to determine the depth of dentine eroded by the irrigation. Results were analysed by one‐way anova and the Tukey test. The level of significance was set at α = 0.05.

Results

The damage by NaOCl increased with its concentration. 5.25% NaOCl greatly reduced the fracture strength of root dentine from 172.10 ± 30.13 MPa to 114.58 ± 26.74 MPa. The corresponding reduction in micro‐hardness at the root canal wall was 34.1%. The damages reached a depth of up to 400 μm (p < .05). Structural changes involved the degradation of the intratubular wall leading to enlarged dentinal tubules and the loss of intertubular dentine. Changes in the microstructural parameters showed positive linear relationships with the fracture strength.

Conclusions

With the adjunctive use of EDTA, NaOCl caused destruction to the intratubular surface near the root canal and, consequently, reduced the root dentine's mechanical strength. The higher the concentration of NaOCl, the greater the effect. Therefore, endodontists should avoid using overly high concentration of NaOCl for irrigation to prevent potential root fracture in endodontically treated teeth.
Novel cobalt‐doped ZrSnO4 catalysts for direct nitrous oxide decomposition
Authors: Hu Dong‐Run , Nunotani Naoyoshi , Imanaka Nobuhito
Published: July 2022

Novel ZrSn1−xCoxO4−δ catalysts for the direct decomposition of nitrous oxide (N2O) were synthesized using a co‐precipitation method. Metastable ZrSnO4 with an α‐PbO2‐type structure was used as the mother solid because of its interstitial open spaces derived from its lattice distortion that may be effective for N2O adsorption. The doping of Co2+/3+ into the ZrSnO4 lattice improved the N2O decomposition activity, likely owing to the enhancement of the redox properties and the increase in the number of oxygen vacancies. Among the prepared catalysts, Zr1.17Sn0.73Co0.10O4−δ exhibited the highest activity decomposing N2O completely decomposed at 550°C. In addition, the Zr1.17Sn0.73Co0.10O4−δ catalyst showed high durability in the presence of CO2, O2, and H2O vapor.
Assessing the yield, physicochemical, sensory characteristics, and acceptance of queso fresco added with whey cheese
Authors: Aguilar‐Raymundo Victoria Guadalupe , Ramírez‐Murillo Juan Ignacio , Barajas‐Ramírez Jahir Antonio
Published: July 2022

In this work, the yield of queso fresco (QF) made in a laboratory after the addition of Whey Cheese (WC) at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 g per 100 g raw milk was analysed. Physicochemical and sensory characteristics along with acceptance of laboratory made products were also compared with a commercially available product. Yield, moisture, and protein values increased as the level of WC in milk increased (P < 0.001). Colour in QF was whiter as the level of WC added to milk increased (P < 0.05). Cheeses made with 6 and 8 g WC per 100 g raw milk were softer than the rest of the samples but showed similar cohesiveness to the commercial QF. Sensory description provided by 120 consumers coincided with physicochemical parameters registered in QF and partly explained the consumers' preference for QF made with 6 g WC per 100 g raw milk and the commercial product.
Powder structure and gelation behaviour of debranched cassava starches prepared with and without incubation
Authors: Sari Putri Meutia , Uttapap Dudsadee , Wandee Yuree , Kotatha Ditpon , Udchumpisai Wascharin , Puttanlek Chureerat , Rungsardthong Vilai
Published: July 2022

The effect of incubation after debranching on the powder structure and gelation behaviour of debranched cassava starch (DBCS) was investigated. The DBCS samples were prepared by debranching 10% (w/v) cassava starch with pullulanase at 55 °C for 24 h, then incubated at 4 °C for 0, 1, 4, 24 and 72 h and recovered by precipitation with ethanol. The unincubated DBCS appeared as small, sponge‐like aggregates with a rough surface, while the incubated DBCS powders were considerably larger, looked denser and had a smooth surface. The unincubated DBCS had an A + V‐type crystal structure, whereas incubated DBCS samples had a B‐type structure. Crystallinity of all DBCSs was 20–22%. The incubated DBCSs displayed a substantially lower gel setting time compared to the unincubated DBCS, that is, the gel setting time of 10% DBCSs cooked for 10 min reduced from 242 min to 47–52 min when kept at 25 °C. The difference of gel setting time was most likely related to the type of crystal formed as well as the difference in amorphous structure, as indicated by the content of the slowly digestible starch fraction.
Evaluation of the effects of amphiphilic compounds on oxygen solubility in bulk oil
Authors: Kim SeHyeok , Kim SungHwa , Oh Won Young , Lee YoonHee , Lee JaeHwan
Published: July 2022

Solubility or content of oxygen molecules in oil matrices could be a critical factor to determine oxidative stability in lipid‐rich products. In this study, a method to determine oxygen content in oil was developed by gas chromatograph with a thermal conductivity detector (GC‐TCD), and factors affecting oxygen solubility or oxygen content were evaluated in bulk oil. Validation parameters were confirmed for headspace oxygen molecules using a GC‐TCD. Oxygen gas was spiked into headspace of air‐tight 10‐mL vials with 70% sample content produced more reliable results on oxygen molecules for 6 h duration. The ratio of 7:3 (w/w) between sample content and headspace was selected considering precision and sensitivity. Addition of lecithin significantly decreased oxygen solubility in bulk oil, while monoacylglycerols did not show such decreasing effects. Medium chain triacylglycerols (MCT) had significantly high oxygen solubility compared to conventional edible oils partly due to the relatively low surface tension. Heavily oxidised bulk oils had higher surface tension and lower oxygen solubility. Therefore, oils with relatively low surface tension had higher oxygen solubility. The results of this study can help to explain the oxidative stability of edible oils containing high amphiphilic compounds.
Ultrasound‐assisted alkaline extraction of proteins in several algae and their nutritional characteristics
Authors: Braspaiboon Sukan , Osiriphun Sukhuntha , Surawang Suthat , Jirarattanarangsri Wachira , Kanha Nattapong , Laokuldilok Thunnop
Published: July 2022

Ultrasound‐assisted alkaline extraction (UAAE) and the nutritional quality of proteins from five algae (Arthrospira platensis, Cladophora glomerata, Porphyra tenera, Laminaria japonica and Undaria pinnatifida) were investigated. The UAAE of the A. platensis protein using a 60% amplitude level and 30 min extraction time provided the highest protein yield (81.86%) and altered the surface of A. platensis. Amino acid profiles revealed that lysine and branched‐chain amino acids (BCAAs) were dominant in most algal proteins. The C. glomerata protein had the highest digestibility (94.09%) and protein digestibility‐corrected amino acid scores for the BCAAs. The L. japonica protein demonstrated a rich source of aspartic and glutamic acids, giving an umami taste. The algal proteins contained low contents of carbohydrates (3.87–44.83 mg glucose equivalents g−1) and nucleic acids (0.60–8.57 mg g−1), while total phenolics were 6.13–70.13 mg gallic acid equivalents g−1. Algal proteins could be a good ingredient in developing vegan and vegetarian foods.
The crumbling pillar: Assessing the impact of housing costs on recent trends in poverty and deprivation in Australia
Authors: Saunders Peter , Naidoo Yuvisthi , Wong Melissa
Published: July 2022

Homeownership has traditionally been high in Australia, where a broad range of tax and social security concessions are designed to promote ownership and reduce housing costs for owners. These have allowed homeowning age pensioners to avoid poverty despite receiving a pension that is low by international standards among high‐income countries. This approach provides the fourth pillar of the Australian retirement income support system, an example of ‘Australian exceptionalism’. We examine recent trends in two measures of social disadvantage—poverty and deprivation—focusing on the changing role and impact of homeownership and housing costs. The comparisons reveal important differences in how housing costs are incorporated into the estimation of their impact and in how different social groups have fared, although our findings also indicate that the groups with highest incidence of poverty and deprivation have benefited least from the gains that others experienced over the period examined.
Microencapsulated diets using thraustochytrids and macroalgae side streams for nursery rearing of Mytilus galloprovincialis spat
Authors: Campanati Camilla , Arantzamendi Leire , Zorita Izaskun , Juez Ainhoa , Aldridge David C.
Published: July 2022

Global expansion of bivalve aquaculture can drive sustainable protein production. Inland culture of mussel spat can play an important role in supporting extensive mussel farming. Nursery culture of bivalves is, however, dependent on nutritious, cost‐efficient, and more reliable diets for spat. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of dietary alternatives to commercial algal feeds (Shellfish Diet 1800) on the survival and growth of Mytilus galloprovincialis spat, widely farmed in Europe. Spat (6.8 ± 1.1 mm) were supplied with different diets for 6 weeks: commercial microalgal diet (A), microencapsulated feeds containing a 1:1 blend of the macroalga Undaria pinnatifida and the microalga Schizochytrium (BioBullets; BB), or commercial microalgae and BioBullets combined (ABB). Unsupplemented spat showed no growth and little change in body condition (CI). Spat fed microcapsules grew at comparable rates, and body condition rose at higher levels (shell growth rates: 8.5 ± 3.7 μm day−1; ΔCI: 6.1 ± 1.1%) relative to those fed commercial microalgae (8.5 ± 5.7 μm day−1; ΔCI: 3.3 ± 0.8%). Supplementing microencapsulated feeds with the commercial microalgal diet did not significantly improve growth performances (9.3 ± 2.3 μm day−1; ΔCI: 4.7 ± 1.4%) relative to mussels fed microcapsules alone. Microencapsulated feeds for M. galloprovincialis spat production can significantly reduce nursery costs compared with commercial feeds or cultured microalgae. By sourcing encapsulated algae from aquaculture side streams, microencapsulated feeds can further promote circular economies.
Pragmatic enrichment, issues and domain goals
Authors: Dobler Tamara
Published: July 2022

In this article, I propose an inquisitive approach to semantic underdetermination using the model of issue resolution to describe how occasion meanings are determined in the process of pragmatic enrichment. I appeal to “Travis cases” to motivate the account of semantic underdetermination based on alternative ways for some objectato be F. When interpreting a sentence, we look how to narrow down the space of metalinguistic alternatives and achieve the state where a metalinguistic issue is resolved. I suggest that, in doing this, we primarily rely on contextual domain goals, preferring those alternatives which are conducive to the goal.