bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differential diagnosis of tuberculous and hamartomas of the lungs
Authors: Anastasiev V. S.
Published: April 2022

Based on observations of 400 patients with tuberculomas and 26 with pulmonary hamartomas, some differential diagnostic signs characteristic of these diseases were determined. The leading role in their recognition belongs to X-ray examination. In young people, tuberculin diagnostics is of a certain importance.
X-ray cardiometric study of myocardial contractility in patients with pneumoconiosis
Authors: Danilin V. A. , Balakshina I. V.
Published: April 2022

In 91 patients with pneumoconiosis, myocardial contractility was studied according to the results of X-ray cardiometry and instrumental research methods. The data obtained indicate that the use of X-ray functional stress tests contributes to the earlier detection of latent heart failure in patients with pneumoconiosis.
INFLAMMATION OF THE STUMP'S VERMIFORM OUTGROWTH AS A LATE COMPLICATION AFTER APPENDECTOMY
Authors: Lukomsky G. I.
Published: April 2022

In the overwhelming majority of cases, appendectomy leads to a complete cure, but some patients continue to suffer from pain in the right iliac region, which forces them to re-consult a doctor, and sometimes even undergo surgical treatment. Without setting in the present work the task of analyzing all the reasons causing the recurrence of pain after appendectomy, we will dwell only on a narrow circle of questions related to the details of the operative technique when processing the stump of the appendix. Dozens of proposals devoted to the treatment of the stump of the appendix during appendectomy, it would seem, should have clarified the technique. However, at the 1st All-Russian Conference of Surgeons, held in 1956, the technique of processing the stump of the appendix was again the subject of discussion (S. D. Ternovsky, E. L. Berezov, D. N. Fedorov and L. N. Garvin).
TO THE QUESTION OF INTRAARTERIAL BLOOD INFUSION IN OBSTETRIC-GYNECOLOGICAL PRACTICE
Authors: Gilyazutdinova Z. Sh.
Published: April 2022

In obstetric and gynecological practice, intra-arterial administration of blood and medicinal substances has not yet received proper distribution. In recent years, works by L. S. Persianinov and S. F. Avtyukhovich (1953), I. T. Milchenko and N. P. Kalashnikova (1953) on the successful use of arterial blood pressure in acute blood loss and shock have appeared in print. Our clinic has been using intra-arterial blood injection since December 1954. Arterial blood injection was performed in 27 patients for health reasons.
EXPERIENCE OF APPLICATION OF MASSAGE AND GYMNASTICS IN A CHILD'S HOUSE IN CHILDREN OF THE FIRST YEAR OF LIFE
Authors: Shvets K. V. , Yuzeeva M. S.
Published: April 2022

In the work of a pediatrician in nurseries and children's homes, the leading place is taken by caring for a high level of physical development of children. To harden the child's body and strengthen his health, in addition to a rational regime, widespread use of fresh air and good nutrition, it is necessary to pay great attention to the development of movements in children.
BLOOD ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY IN LIVER INJURIES IN CONNECTION WITH CHRONIC INDUSTRIAL INTOXICATIONS WITH SULFUR COMPOUNDS AND TCC
Authors: Golubovsky I. E.
Published: April 2022

Workers are very often encountered with sulfur compounds in industry. So, they come into contact with these chemicals in the production of sulfuric acid, in the processing of poly-sulfur oil, in pickling departments at metal plants, in the production of cellulose, ultramarine, bleaching cloth, silk, straw, bristles, in tanneries, in the production of viscose fiber, etc. A large group of other substances used in industry, with daily exposure to the human body in small doses, has a general toxic effect and primarily disrupts metabolic processes, mainly associated with liver function.
TWO-STAGE SERVICE OF INPATENT PATIENTS (STAFF CALCULATION METHOD)
Authors: Gorokhover I. A.
Published: April 2022

The organization of proper patient care in hospitals is one of the important measures in improving the quality of medical work. Experience has shown that the existing three-level service system in our country, when a doctor, a nurse and a nurse are involved in patient care, has a number of drawbacks, taking into account which the USSR Ministry of Health issued an order to switch to a two-level system of patient care in hospitals. Under this system, a nurse is fully caring for the patient, and the nurses are assigned the duties of a cleaner and, in some cases, help a nurse in making beds, changing linen, shifting seriously ill patients and performing other similar tasks.
Diagnostics and surgical treatment of papillospasm and papillostenosis
Authors: Kochnev O. S. , Biryaltsev V. N.
Published: April 2022

The data of chromatic probing in combination with spectrophotometry of duodenal bile were analyzed in 125 patients with diseases of the biliary tract, 75 of which were operated on. It was found that changes in the first phase indicate dilatation of the common bile duct, impaired motility and cholangitis. The combination of indicators of the first and second phases makes it possible to detect the phenomenon of papillospasm or organic stenosis of the sphincter of Oddi. The data of the fourth phase help to reveal a violation of the contractile and drainage function of the gallbladder, redox processes in the liver and the wall of the gallbladder. Changes in the fifth phase make it possible to determine the pathology of the hepatic parenchyma. This technique made it possible to reduce the time of examination of patients after an attack of acute cholecystitis and to establish the correct diagnosis by 90%.
II All-Union Symposium on Immunology of Reproduction. (16-18 / XII 1980, Moscow)
Authors: Sadykov B. G.
Published: April 2022

The symposium was attended by the chairman of the International Coordinating Committee for Immunology of Reproduction and the International Association for Immunology of Reproduction, Acad. K. S. Bratanov (Bulgaria) and Secretary General Professor I. I. Sokolovskaya (USSR).
The content of serum immunoglobulins in mechanical jaundice
Authors: Kharitonov G. I.
Published: April 2022

The need to study the indicators of humoral immunity in patients with extrahepatic cholestasis is dictated by the high frequency of purulent-septic complications observed in them [1, 8].
Functional state of neutrophils in newborns with purulent-septic diseases
Authors: Volkova Y. V. , Romanova N. A.
Published: April 2022

Due to the insufficient development of immunobiological protection factors in newborns, prerequisites are created for the generalization of local and recurrent purulent infection [2]. The risk of a general septic process increases with infection with strains of hospital bacterial flora, as well as with viral superinfection [3]. The lack of clear criteria for timely and objective diagnosis of neonatal sepsis is the cause of delayed adequate intensive care, leads to the development of complications and underlies an unfavorable prognosis, especially in atypical, erased forms of sepsis, with subacute and sluggish course of the disease.
The functional state of the sympathetic-adrenal and cholinergic systems, the adrenal cortex under vibration exposure
Authors: Mikulinsky A. M. , Radzyukevich T. M. , Sudonina L. T. , Frigo N. V.
Published: April 2022

Vibration irritation, being a powerful chronic stressor, causes significant shifts in homeostatic mechanisms and metabolic processes. 46 grinders aged 18-48 years were examined. 9 people had less than 1 year of work experience, 9-1-5 years, 5 6-10, 9-11 -15, 14-16 years and more.
Chronicle
Authors: Dmitrienko I. M. , Dmitrienko I. M.
Published: April 2022

In 1982, the Gorno-Altai Autonomous Region celebrated its 60th anniversary. Before the Great October Socialist Revolution, the indigenous inhabitants of the Altai Mountains lived in extremely unfavorable sanitary and hygienic conditions. Total mortality reached 31-56 per 1000 population, infant mortality was 40% of the number of births, and the average life expectancy did not exceed 27 years.
Lactate dehydrogenase activity and pyruvate levels in blood and bile in diseases of the biliary system in children
Authors: Bulatov V. P. , Cherkasova N. A. , Zaitseva I. V. , Gurkina M. A.
Published: April 2022

In recent years, progress has been made in the diagnosis and organization of treatment of children with biliary system lesions [1, 2]. However, issues related to the pathogenesis and differential diagnosis of various forms of cholepathies have not been fully studied. In this regard, there is a need to improve methods that allow differentiating functional and inflammatory lesions of the biliary system. In addition, studies revealing some aspects of the pathogenesis of these diseases are justified. In particular, the state of redox processes in the body has not been studied in various lesions of the gastrointestinal tract in children, including diseases of the biliary tract [3].
The importance of chromoduodenoscopy in the diagnosis of diseases of the extrahepatic biliary tract
Authors: Kim I. A. , Kochnev O. S. , Valeev A. G.
Published: April 2022

Fibroendoscopic methods of studying the esophagus, stomach, duodenum and diseases of the pancreatobiliary zone have long earned recognition due to their high efficiency. However, mild inflammatory changes in the mucosa of these organs, as well as tumor lesions in the initial stage, especially located in relatively inaccessible areas for examination, are often incorrectly regarded during fibroendoscopy even by an experienced endoscopist [1]. Therefore, it is understandable that researchers strive to increase the effectiveness of fibroentoscopy by using either magnifying optics or contrasting areas of mucosal lesion [1, 4, 5].
Amplitude characteristic of the electric field of the heart
Authors: Andreichev N. A. , Khodzhaeva D. D. , Galyavich A. S.
Published: April 2022

To study the electrical activity of the heart, the method of electrocardiotopography (ECTG) was used according to the method of R. 3. Amirov (1973). Integral topography was used to study the amplitude characteristics of the QRS complex. When constructing integral topograms, a Wilson system of monopolar leads with ECG recording from 84-110 points of the chest surface was chosen. In addition to the visual analysis of the ECG, the amplitudes of the teeth were calculated, the measurement results were transferred to the electropositivity map (EP--), combining the R and K teeth, and to the electronegativity map (EN), combining the Q and S teeth. After constructing the integral topograms, the nature of the relief of the electric field of the heart, projections of potential maxima, their magnitude and localization, overlap zones, the presence of zero zones, discontinuities of the circular motion of the dipole were determined.
Lung diffusion capacity, hemodynamics of the small circle of blood circulation and microcirculation in patients with recurrent rheumocarditis
Authors: Tagirov I. S.
Published: April 2022

In patients with rheumatic heart defects, disorders in the small circle of blood circulation are quickly joined by violations of the gas exchange function of the lungs [3]. The diffusion of gases through the alveolar-capillary membrane is one of the cardinal processes that realize the main function of the lungs - gas exchange, and violations of the diffusion ability of the lungs belong to the early, intimate pathogenetic mechanisms of respiratory failure in patients with rheumatism. The data available in the literature on the study of the diffusion capacity of the lungs in patients with rheumatic heart defects are few [1]. The influence of the activity of the rheumatic process on alveolar-capillary diffusion and the state of pulmonary capillary blood flow in the early stages of rheumatism in the absence of clinical manifestations of respiratory and hemodynamic disorders has not been studied, which justifies further in-depth research in this direction.
The use of trental in complex infusion therapy of patients with food toxicoinfections
Authors: Tselik N. I.
Published: April 2022

We used trental in the complex infusion therapy of 17 patients with food toxicoinfections. The patients examined by us were aged from 17 to 56 years with a severe and moderate course of the disease. The diagnosis of "food toxicoinfection" was made on the basis of a complex of clinical, epidemiological and laboratory data. In all patients, a solution of "Kvartasol" in an amount of 1-5 liters was used as a means of infusion therapy. 17 patients were intravenously injected with 5 ml of trental in 500 ml of 0.85% sodium chloride solution for 40-60 minutes after the solution of "Kvartasol". After the end of the infusion, all patients received an Oratil solution, symptomatic remedies, and therapeutic nutrition.
Towards the diagnosis of Hammen-Rich syndrome
Authors: Shagidullina К. M. , Yulmetyeva D. G. , Gumerova A. M.
Published: April 2022

Hammen-Rich syndrome belongs to the group of primary pulmonary fibrosis. Its etiology is unknown. Morphological changes in this disease are characterized by the development of diffuse inflammatory changes from exudative inflammation to pronounced fibrosis along the course of small vessels, as well as along the interlobular and interalveolar septa. This leads to an alveolar-capillary block with a significant violation of the function of external respiration and progressive shortness of breath. Of all the proposed names of the disease, its morphological essence is most consistent, according to most authors, the definition of "diffuse fibrosing alveolitis". As a syndrome, it is described in such systemic diseases as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic scleroderma, but it is also recognized as an independent nosological form.
A case of injury to an open ductus botalle during segmental lung resection
Authors: Rosengarten M. Yu.
Published: April 2022

Operations on the botalloid duct with its non-closure are now widespread (A. N. Bakulev, E. N. Meshalkin, B. K. Osipov, P. A. Kupriyanov, S. L. Libov, M. I. Perelman, Littman, Crafford, Blelok). However, ligation of the open Botallov's duct during lung resection is a rare surgical intervention. We have come across a description of such operations in the literature available to us only twice. So, in 1955, S. L. Libov and K. F. Shiryaeva demonstrated a 6-year-old girl who underwent ligation of the Botallov's duct and removal of the lower lobe and reed segment of the left lung for bronchiectasis. In the same year, V. S. Shapkin successfully performed a pneumoectomy on a 27-year-old man and tied the open Botallus duct, which was not recognized before the operation.
A case of volvulus of the gallbladder
Authors: Popov A. F.
Published: April 2022

Gallbladder volvulus is very rare. In 1955 N. V. Bobrova reported 26 cases, according to the literature, and one personal observation. In 1957, 3 observations of A. G. Etz and V. A. Grigorieva were published. The diagnosis of this disease is extremely difficult. Most often, volvulus of the gallbladder is mistaken for acute intestinal obstruction or an attack of gallstone disease. A sudden onset, sharp pains, repeated vomiting, the severity of the condition are usually found in each of these diseases. The observation below was also mistaken for acute intestinal obstruction.
The experience of clinical examination of women suffering from pathological menopause
Authors: Svechnikova N. V.
Published: April 2022

According to our materials, 50% of women of climacteric age suffer from severe or erased forms of climacteric disorders. The lack of constant and joint monitoring of such patients by specialists of different profiles, engaged in the diagnosis and treatment of climacteric manifestations, practically leads to the fact that these patients are deprived of the dispensary observation system, as a result of which treatment is often not very effective.
On the diagnosis and accounting of acute intestinal diseases
Authors: Dubovsky V. G.
Published: April 2022

Acute dysentery is often mild, with very meager clinical symptoms, bringing it closer to other acute intestinal diseases. Due to the difficulties of differential diagnosis and the identity of the antibacterial therapy of these diseases, the existing regulation provides for the registration, treatment and clinical examination of patients with acute intestinal diseases, as well as patients with dysentery.
All-Russian conference on hearing loss
Authors: Gromov V. V.
Published: April 2022

The agenda of the conference included the following questions: 1) physiology and pathology of the acoustic apparatus; 2) etiopathogenesis of hearing loss; 3) research methods of the acoustic analyzer; 4) prevention and treatment of hearing loss. The conference was opened with a report by prof. V. I. Voyachek (Leningrad) "The Evolution of Innovation in Cofology". The term "cofology" combines the modern concept of treatment, mainly surgical, persistent or progressive forms of hearing loss. In the evolution of the improvement of surgical technique, the author noted a number of patterns of innovation, the influence of one discovery on another. The discovery of antibiotics contributed to the success of the surgical treatment of hearing loss.
L. M. Shabad and P. P. Dikun. Air pollution with a carcinogenic substance - 3-4-benzpyrene. 239 pp. Medgiz, 1959 10 r. 15 k.
Authors: Vylegzhanin N. I. , Krepkogorsky L. N.
Published: April 2022

The book attracts the attention of the reader, since it is devoted to the urgent problem of the increase in the incidence of lung cancer and the clarification of the relationship of this phenomenon with the progressive air pollution of industrial centers and cities with carcinogenic hydrocarbons, in particular, 3-4-benzpyrene. Chapter 1 substantiates the conclusions about the relative and absolute increase in the incidence of lung cancer, especially in recent decades; it is noted that this increase concerns almost only men, and moreover, more residents of industrial centers than rural areas.
B. B. Kogan. Bronchial asthma. Medgiz, 1959
Authors: Rakhlin L. M.
Published: April 2022

The second edition of the book by B. B. Kogan appeared 9 years after the first. The book has been significantly revised and supplemented in the light of new data accumulated over this long period. In fact, the reader has received a new book devoted to one of the most pressing issues of internal medicine. The most prominent expert on the problem of asthma, B. B. Kogan defends its nosological, not symptomatic understanding, emphasizing that bronchial asthma "... is an independent nosological unit representing a classic allergic disease with a more or less outlined clinical picture ...". Thus, bronchial asthma as a nosological unit is contrasted with symptomatic forms of suffocation. The chapter on asthma classifications critically examines the schemes of a number of authors and again draws the boundaries between bronchial asthma as an independent disease and its symptomatic forms.
N.I. Pirogov as a doctor and educator of doctors
Authors: Okulov A. M.
Published: April 2022

November 13 of this year marks the 150th anniversary of the birth of Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov, a genius doctor of the 19th century, an outstanding figure in Russian medicine, who made an invaluable contribution to world science. NI Pirogov had to work in an extremely difficult situation. Material insecurity of scientific and medical institutions of that time forced him to work in unsuitable premises, with a lack of air and light, with insufficient equipment. The moral situation was also difficult in the conditions of the tsarist reaction and the lawlessness of that time. But the lofty ideas of humanism prompted N. I. Pirogov to work under these conditions, not sparing his strength and health, overcoming all difficulties and hardships.
The therapeutic effect of Siberian adonis in case of circulatory failure
Authors: Akhmetova B. Kh. , Lazareva D. N. , Maksyutova S. S.
Published: April 2022

Treatment of patients with circulatory insufficiency of I and IIA stages with Siberian adonis provides a significant clinical effect; its influence on the dynamics of electrocardiogram indices, the phase structure of systole, the content of potassium and sodium in the blood and daily urine and the state of the minute blood volume is similar to the action of the spring adonis.
The use of physiotherapy for polio tick-borne encephalitis
Authors: Dobruskin V. E.
Published: April 2022

The onset and development of diseases in the majority of patients with poliomyelitis form of tick-borne encephalitis proceeded as follows. 10-14 days after the tick bite, the temperature rose to 39-40 , meningeal phenomena set in. At the height of the rise or the beginning of the fall in temperature, paralysis of one or both limbs, most often the upper ones, developed. Many also experienced paralysis of the cervical muscles ("drooping neck"). Paralysis was of a peripheral nature with atrophy and hypotonia of muscles, weakening or complete absence of tendon and periosteal reflexes and changes in electrical excitability of a peripheral nature. The blood showed moderate leukocytosis with a shift to the left and a decrease in eosinophils and monocytes. With a lumbar puncture, the fluid pressure in the majority was increased, cytosis - from 10 to 100 cells, protein - from 0.5 to 1.5%, and sometimes even higher. In a number of patients, changes in internal organs and disorders of a vegetative-trophic nature were observed.
The problem of scoliosis at the II International Congress of Orthopedics
Authors: Shulutko L. I.
Published: April 2022

In addition to Soviet orthopedists, specialists from many countries (Poland, Bulgaria, Hungary, East Germany, Austria, France, USA, etc.) took part in the work of the congress. More than 80 reports were heard on the education of correct posture in children, the occurrence and prevention of scoliosis, their conservative and surgical treatment. For the prevention of scoliosis, first of all, measures are needed to eliminate the conditions for the development of this deformity, the identification of the so-called prescoliotic forms. These forms are found in more than 40% of children of preschool and early school age. This manifests itself in the form of minor postural disturbances, asymmetric position of the shoulders, shoulder blades and other changes. Radiographically already at this stage, in a standing position, it is possible to determine some deviation of the spine to the side.
All-Union conference on the study of gas exchange
Authors: Bogoyavlensky V. F. , Romanov Yu. D.
Published: April 2022

The conference was convened in honor of the 40th anniversary of the TASSR. It was attended by doctors and engineers. The report of prof. A. G. Teregulov (Kazan), which emphasized the importance of the latest gas analytical equipment in the diagnosis of the correlation of gas exchange in pulmonary diseases. The speech of the chief engineer of SKTB-MFP M. I. Abdrakhmanov (Kazan) dealt with the prospects for the development of domestic medical gas analytical equipment. The open and closed devices currently used in the clinic, based on the mechanochemical method for determining gas exchange, do not meet all the requirements of modern physiology and clinical practice. Another promising task is the introduction into the clinic of small-sized equipment based on the physical principles of determining the gas composition.
Surgical method of treatment of patients with thromboangiitis obliterans of the lower extremities
Authors: Medvedev V. N.
Published: April 2022

The operation technique for the surgical treatment of thromboangiitis obliterans of the lower extremities is described. 42 patients with stages II, III and IV ischemia were operated on. In the II Art. ischemia is recommended to perform tecectomy. In the III Art. ischemia in the presence of segmental occlusions tecectomy is combined with autovenous plastic or thromboendarterectomy.
Joseph Rostotsky. A doctor without rank. Medgiz, 1959
Authors: Brzeski V. Ch.
Published: April 2022

The book under review is an autobiographical sketch. In its first part, entitled "The Past", the author gives in the most concise outline information about his gymnasium and student years, military service in the tsarist army. Tells about the organization of health care during the first imperialist war. Then the distribution of medical personnel at various stages of sanitary evacuation and military medical institutions was purely mechanical, in alphabetical order of the initial letters of the names of doctors, which clearly characterized the quality of the organization of the sanitary service at that time.
Professor I. V. Domrachev (1889-1960)
Authors: Smetanin B. F.
Published: April 2022

The Kazan Surgical School lost one of its oldest representatives: on June 28, 1960, a member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Honored Scientist of the RSFSR, head of the hospital surgical clinic of the pediatric faculty of the Kazan Medical Institute, Professor Ivan Vladimirovich Domrachev, died. After graduating from the medical faculty of Kazan University in 1913 with the title of doctor with honors, I. V. Domrachev went through a large anatomical school with Professor V. N. Tonkov, a physiological school with Professor N. A. service (1st World War, Civil War), during his entire creative life was associated with a hospital surgical clinic, headed by A. V. Vishnevsky.
Clinical picture and X-ray diagnostics of metastases of thyroid cancer in the lungs
Authors: Volodina G. I. , Lyubina N. I.
Published: April 2022

The clinical and radiological manifestations of metastases of thyroid cancer in the lungs in 68 patients are described; identified 3 X-ray forms, metastases: spherical, nodular and cancerous lymphangitis.
Some indicators of the state of the nervous and sympathetic-adrenal systems in workers in the production of lead batteries
Authors: Shustov A. Ya. , Olkhovskaya A. G. , Korolev V. V. , Shurygina N. S.
Published: April 2022

For three years, dynamic observation and in-depth examination of workers in contact with lead was carried out. 420 people were examined - 130 women and 290 men. 35.5% of them were under the age of 30, the rest were older. 52.4% of the surveyed had a production experience of up to 10 years and 47.6% - more than 10 years. The control group (80 people) consisted of machine shop workers who worked in similar conditions, but without contact with lead.
Patient with functional disorder between psychiatry and neurology
Authors: Mendelevich Vladimir D.
Published: April 2022

The article analyzes the modern approach to hysteria and dissociative (conversion) disorders. The validity of their inclusion in the psychiatric or neurological section of disease classifications is assessed. Particular attention is paid to the diagnosis of functional neurological disorder, which is included in some classification systems. From the standpoint of scientific validity, the need for a neurological approach to the diagnosis and treatment of dissociative disorders is discussed.
Dysfunctional use of social networks: can we talk about addiction?
Authors: Abdrakmanova Anastasiia E. , Efremov Ilia S. , Gizatullin Tagir R. , Asadullin Azat R.
Published: April 2022

The article presents materials from Russian and foreign literature indicating the similarity between certain types of behavior in social networks and addictive behavior, as well as demonstrating the negative consequences of problematic use of social networks for the physical, mental and social well-being of users. Biological, personal and social factors predisposing to problematic use of social networks are considered. The data on the comorbidity of social media addiction with other types of addiction behavior and mental disorders, such as technological, eating, consumer addiction, depression, mania, anxiety disorder, episodes of psychotic-like experiences are presented.
Retinal Morphometric Indicators in Primary Hypothyroidosis and Primary Thyrotoxicosis
Authors: Likhvantseva V. G. , Trubilin V. N. , Korosteleva E. V. , Kapkova S. G. , Vygodin V. A.
Published: April 2022

Purpose: to study the morphometric parameters of the retina in patients with primary hypothyroidism and primary thyrotoxicosis by optical coherence tomography.

Materials and methods. The material for this study was the results of examination of 54 patients (108 eyes) with thyroid dysfunctions: 32 people (64 eyes) with primary untreated hypothyroidism and 22 people (44 eyes) with primary untreated thyrotoxicosis. To assess the morphometric parameters of the retina, optical coherence tomography was performed.

Results. A significant thickening of the layer of nerve fibers was revealed in almost all sectors of the retina of patients with primary hypothyroidism and primary thyrotoxicosis, with the exception of the upper sector in primary thyrotoxicosis. The morphometric parameters of the optic nerve head in both groups were ambiguous. With thyrotoxicosis, the diameter and topographic area of the excavation were less than normal, while the area of the neuroretinal girdle, the area and excavation of the optic nerve head, the ratio of excavation to the area of the optic nerve head, the horizontal and vertical dimensions were higher. In hypothyroidism, the diameter, area and topographic volume of the excavation, the ratio of the excavation to the area of the optic nerve head, the horizontal and vertical dimensions of the excavation to the optic nerve head were below normal, and the length and area of the neuroretinal girdle were higher. In both groups, an increase in the volume and thickness of the retina of all macula’s sectors in combination with a decrease in the minimum thickness of the fovea was revealed. A correlation between the parameters of optical coherence tomography and the rank indicators of the ratio of thyroid hormones was revealed.

Conclusion. In primary hypothyroidism and primary thyrotoxicosis, statistically significant morphometric changes in the retina and optic nerve head were revealed. The morphometric data correlated with the rank indices of the thyroid hormone ratios.
Optical Coherence Tomography with Angiography in the Diagnosis of Changes in the Organ of Vision at Atherosclerosis
Authors: Kasimova M. S. , Mahkamova D. K.
Published: April 2022

Background. The study of the parameters of optical coherence tomography with angiography (OCTA) broadens the understanding of the state of hemodynamics for the early detection of vascular disorders of the organ of vision in atherosclerosis (AS).

Purpose. To study the parameters of OCTA with changes in the organ of vision against the background of AS.

Patients and methods. 26 patients (41 eyes) with changes in the organ of vision in AS. The age contingent of patients ranged from 32 to 78 years, the average age was 47.5 ± 2.0 year, of which 10 were women, 16 men. Depending on the damage to target organs, all patients were conditionally divided into 2 groups: group I (19 eyes) included patients without damage, and group II (22 eyes) consisted of patients with target organs damage.

Results. The registration of OCTA in patients of group I, a decrease in the density of capillaries of the superficial vascular network was 15 % and amounted to 45.21 ± 2.62 % (p < 0.05), of the deep vascular plexus by 19 %, which amounted to 45.89 ± 2, 71 % (p < 0.05). In the macular region, the area of the hypoperfused retina was 1.07 ± 0.14 mm2 (p < 0.05). In the region of the optic nerve disc, areas of hypoperfusion were noted in the superficial layers in 7 eyes and in the deep layers in 4 eyes. Analysis of OCTA in patients of group II revealed a sharp decrease (by 48 %) in the density of capillaries in both the superficial and deep vascular plexuses of the retina, which amounted to 33.91 ± 3.01 % (p < 0.05); 33.65 ± 2.89 % (p < 0.05), respectively. In the macular region, the area of the non-perfused retina was 2.19 ± 0.21 mm2 (p < 0.05). In the area of the optic nerve disc, areas of nonperfusion were noted both in the surface layers and in the deep layers in 4 eyes.

Conclusion. The use of OCTA allows to detect changes in hemoperfusion in all layers of the retina and optic nerve in the early stages of AS development, which will allow early diagnosis and monitoring of the disease.
Myopia: Pathogenesis and Actual Methods of Control. Literature Review
Authors: Markova E. Yu. , Isabekov R. S. , Avakyants G. V. , Yаh"yaeva M. M.
Published: April 2022

This literature review analyzed of current information about prevalence, pathogenesis and methods of controlling the progression of myopia. Bibliographic research of scientific publications was carried out in the following databases: Medline, Pubmed, Cochrane, eLibrary. Languages of publications: Russian and English. Analysis of Russian and foreign literature has demonstrated that the prevalence of myopia is increasing extensively worldwide. All the main methods of controlling myopia are divided into measures aimed at changing the child’s lifestyle, drug therapy, optical correction and surgical methods. The most debatable issue remains the surgical methods of controlling myopia, in particular, posterior scleral reinforcement and UV-A-crosslinking of the sclera.
Neurotrophic Keratitis. Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations. Review. Part 1
Authors: Kasparova E. A. , Marchenko N. R.
Published: April 2022

Neurotrophic keratitis (also called neurotrophic keratopathy) (NTK) is a degenerative disease of the cornea, accompanied with neurogenic inflammation. It caused by a sensitive innervation loss of the trigeminal nerve and characterized by reduced sensitivity of the cornea and a retardation of its healing process. NTC-causing damage to the trigeminal nerve can occur at different levels-from the nucleus to the terminals located in the cornea, and can be caused by ocular and systemic diseases both. The most common causes include herpetic keratitis, diabetes, chemical burns and iatrogenic injuries during ophthalmic operations, intracranial neoplasms, disorders of cerebral circulation and neurosurgical interventions. Corneal changes include epitheliopathy (grade I), persistent erosion (grade II), ulcer and its complications (grade III). The determining diagnostic sign of NTK is a decrease or loss of corneal sensitivity. The morphological characteristics of the corneal nerves can be studied using confocal microscopy.
Hypotensive Treatment of Glaucoma — Minimally Invasive Surgery. Literature review
Authors: Melnik M. A. , Mamikonyan V. R. , Shmeleva-Kenoufi O. A. , Mukha A. I.
Published: April 2022

Glaucoma continues to be the disease leading to vision loss and blindness. Currently, various treatment options are offered for persistent compensation of intraocular pressure, as the main cause of the glaucoma optic neuropathy development. In the last decade, technologies for minimally invasive glaucoma surgery have been actively developing, presenting for patients a good alternative to drug antihypertensive therapy and traditional surgical approaches with minimal trauma, efficiency and quick rehabilitation. The review briefly discusses the various devices and implantation methods used in minimally invasive glaucoma surgery, with examples of studies showing long-term clinical results.
Strategy construction to minimize the limitation of respiratory viral vaccine development
Authors: Roy Rudra Prasad , Devi Laxmi
Published: April 2022

Recent outbreak by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is a major global public threat. Similarly, for several years other coronaviruses, RSV or Influenza viruses are also equally showing risk to the worldwide population. Therefore, several countries have been given tremendous efforts to generate an effective vaccine against respiratory viral infections. It is very important to understand the attributes of a protective mucosal antiviral immune response for the development of a vaccine for respiratory viral infections. Characteristics of the mucosal immune system and evolution of the mucosal vaccine play an important role in protection against respiratory viral infection. Memory CD8 T cell populations play a crucial role in making high levels of gamma interferon and tumour necrosis factor may be essential for protection. Whereas developed vaccines of respiratory infections continue to fail in effectively generating long-lived protective immunity. Hence, memory CD8 T cell can elicit long-lived immunity, and immunostimulatory adjuvants such as OX40, OX40L or IL12 can enhance the memory CD8 T cell. Viroporin on the other hand use as a vaccine candidate to avoid viral mutation, as a result, the present review work was constructed for a novel combination i.e., immune adjuvant with newly viral antigenic gene or vaccine candidate that can fulfill the limitation of vaccine development for respiratory infection.
Study of seroprevalence of hepatitis a and e viruses in patients of acute viral hepatitis in a tertiary care centre in sub himalayan region
Authors: Sharma Pallavi , Sharma Garima , Sharma Amit , Verma Santwana , Panda Prashant , Sharma Gaurav
Published: April 2022

Acute viral hepatitis is a systemic infection affecting the liver predominantly. It is common health problem in areas where safe drinking water is not universally available. In recent times we have witnessed frequent outbreaks as a result of that.

: To estimate sero-positivity of Hepatitis A and E viruses in indoor patients of hepatitis, presenting with jaundice using ELISA.

: Blood samples and clinical information were collected from cases of jaundice and referred to VRDL lab for analysis over a period of 1 year.

: Samples were tested for anti –HAV immunoglobulin M (IgM) and anti –HEV immunoglobulin M (IgM).

Data was entered into a pre-structured data entry form, on Microsoft Excel sheet.

The viral etiology was confirmed in 236 (41.1%) cases while in 337 (58.8%) cases no hepatitis virus could be detected, hepatitis E virus were found to be maximum in 45.76% cases, followed by HAV (39.83% cases)and while in 14.41% cases no hepatitis virus could be detected.

: Routine basic microbiological analysis of drinking water should be carried out by assaying the presence of Escherichia coli by the multiple tube fermentation technique.
Nutritional assessment and body composition analysis of women faculty in Madurai
Authors: Krishna K. U. Pavitra , Dhas E. Siva
Published: April 2022

Working woman has extra workload along with her regular household work. Women who have a good health are capable to handle this workload.

Women Professors usually do not perform their meals and physical activities with little regularity which predispose them for overweight. In this sense, it is necessary to carry out studies that evaluate the health conditions of women professors, especially regarding anthropometric indices which can be affected due to the exhaustive work routine. To be healthy and fit proper diet and healthy food is required.

With this context, study of the nutritional status and body composition analysis of 50 women faculty in Arul Anandar College is carried out.

In this regard body composition analysis such as Height, weight, BMI, Waist Circumference, Hip circumference, WHR, subcutaneous fat % and skeletal % in whole body, trunk, arm and leg, Body fat %, visceral fat %, resting metabolism, body age were assessed using omron karada scan body composition monitor and biochemical parameters such as blood haemoglobin also estimated.

The mean and standard deviation was employed to analyze the data.

BMI of the women faculty shows that they are overweight. Waist hip ratio is close to the ideal values, excess and high body fat risk and healthy visceral fat levels. The mean blood haemoglobin levels were near the standard values in all the age groups. On the whole 70 per cent of the women faculty were normal, 22 per cent were mildly anaemic, remaining 4 per cent were moderately anaemic.
Open configuration options Reopening schools in the pandemic did not increase COVID-19 cases or deaths in São Paulo State, Brazil
Authors: Lichand Guilherme , Dória Carlos Alberto , Cossi João , Neto Onicio Leal
Published: April 2022

Question: Does reopening schools in the pandemic increase COVID-19 incidence and mortality? Findings: On average, there was no systematic association between school reopening and COVID-19 incidence or mortality in So Paulo State, up to 12 weeks after reopening. This was also the case for schools in most vulnerable conditions. Aggregate mobility was already high before the school reopening and did not significantly increase afterwards. Meaning: Results imply that reopening schools under appropriate protocols in developing countries during the pandemic is unlikely to affect the aggregate number of cases or deaths when counterfactual mobility is already high.
Flourishing Together Like a Troupe of Dancers in the Early Childhood Art Space
Authors: Chung Kwang Dae (Mitsy)
Published: April 2022

This article describes drawing events with a group of toddlers and an educator that I observed during my master’s research study. The article demonstrates how their artmaking space became a pedagogical third site in which the children, educators, and materials flourished together. First, I discuss how posthuman and new materialist perspectives in early childhood education invite consideration of how humans and more-than-humans coconstruct their experiences of mutual teaching and learning. Then, discussing some of the findings from this study, I illustrate how the art space might become a meeting place where children, educators, and materials live together. Finally, I suggest some areas for future research.
Competencies of Accounting Professionals and Quality of Financial Reporting: Evidence from Enterprises in Thailand
Authors: Sripan Maneewan , Wisaeng Kittipol
Published: April 2022

Quality financial reporting positively benefits business development and economic decisions. It is essential for growth-oriented enterprises to ensure the quality of financial reporting to enhance performance. This study empirically examined accounting professionals’ opinions on their competencies and quality in financial reporting. The data were collected from 381 samples. The instruments used for data collection were a self-administered survey and in-depth interviews. The results showed that the overall mean scores of competencies and quality of financial reporting were 4.31 and 4.37 respectively. Consequently, for higher levels of competency, this study suggests enhancing the following issues: professional knowledge (namely on economics, taxation and business laws and regulations), professional ethics (namely in finance and financial management), operational skills (namely financial reporting skills), organizational management skills (namely on business and organization of the environment) and adaptive skills for the digital age (namely information technology). In addition, for higher report quality, this study suggests enhancing the following areas: relevance to decision-making (such as objectives, procedures and methods), credibility (namely assurance and audit) and verifiability (namely governance, risk management and internal control). The findings of this study contribute what has been theoretically ignored and may be part of the revised conceptual framework suggested for future inquiry.
O homem e seus múltiplos
Authors: Figueiredo Virginia De Araujo
Published: April 2022

O presente artigo é uma homenagem ao filósofo e professor brasileiro  Benedito Nunes. Como foi escrito num período histórico de profunda crise sanitária (pandemia da Covid-19), política (ascensão ao poder do neofascismo no Brasil), social (preponderância do sentimento de ódio entre as classes, as pessoas e até dentro das famílias), econômica (aumento da miséria, reingresso do país no Mapa da Fome), numa palavra: crise humanitária, reuni algumas tentativas de definição de homem, ser humano ou essência humana. Não me restringi às definições estritamente filosóficas, recorri também e, propositalmente, àquelas outras, designadas “poéticas” ou “literárias”. Tentei discorrer e meditar um pouco sobre essas várias definições, inclusive, sobre a noção heideggeriana de Dasein.
What More Can Semiotics do for Comics? Looking at Their Social, Political, and Ideological Significations
Authors: Packard Stephan , Wilde Lukas R.A.
Published: April 2022

s early as the 1960s and through to the first decades of the 21st century, comics studies have attracted a large and perhaps disproportionate amount of attention from analytical semiotic approaches that foreground description and theory building. Many of them, culminating in McCloud’s Understanding Comics (1993), have been accused of treating their subject with arbitrary abstraction and an overload of theory and of engaging in a semiotic metaphysics that posits the reality of the sign apart from the social reality of each reading. But such opposition of content-oriented criticism and formally abstract semiotics, the accusation of social myopia, does not hold under closer inspection. This introduction to the present Punctum special issue on The Social, Political and Ideological Semiotics of Comics and Cartoons traces some of the overlooked and often oversimplified concerns within semiotic traditions to comic book scholarship that can and often did investigate the historical setting of each sign used in comics in various ways. From this point of view, the social condition of communication is always already in its signs.
The Repeatable Hand and the Mediated Self in Mira Jacob’s Good Talk
Authors: Wirtz Nicholas
Published: April 2022

The handmade mark is privileged in non-fiction comics studies, the reproduced hand offering embodied, subjective immediacy. In Good Talk, Mira Jacob digitally collages vector-drawn 'paper dolls' with various media, presenting an authorial subject unaccounted for by such scholarship. What is at stake in this article, then, is the relationship of the hand to the subject. Considering this relationship through a departure from a too facile semiotic distinction of indexical as opposed to merely iconic and symbolic signs, this article reconsiders indexicalities beyond the ostentatiously handcrafted aesthetics of some graphic memoirs to examine the effects of digital lettering, of re-contextualized photographs, and of other interventions to examine and move beyond some media- specific associations of immediacy and authenticity with the individualized gesture. Examining Jacob's decontextualization and repudiation of such forms on the terms of her refusal to perform a subjectivity expected from a racialized subject, it explores instead the possibilities of re-contextualizations of 'paper-dolls' in the conversations opened by her 'scrapbook' aesthetics. Shifting much of the intersubjective emotional work from the autobiographer to the reader, Jacob's innovative digital mode presents a risky but ethically productive formal invitation to read off and see the other's experience without the illusion of subjective equivalence. Hence, this article reinterprets non-fiction comics' representation of reality beginning with the underappreciated material mark, not as a semantically conventionalized unit but as the material grounds of any such signification. In this perspective, it addresses the materialist discourses implicit in the handmade mark by entering into a conversation with Hillary Chute, Aaron Kashtan, and Hannah Miodrag's discussions of comics marks as media indexing process and instantiating meaning as well as Ariella Azoulay, Friedrich Kittler, and John Berger's writings on the subjective presence and Susan Kirtley's discussion of scrapbooking in comics.