bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cross‐cultural differences in nurse burnout and the relationship with patient safety: An East‐West comparative study
Authors: Fish Jennifer A. , Sharplin Greg , Wang Lyu , An Yan , Fan Xiuzhen , Eckert Marion
Published: August 2021

Aims

To compare levels of nurse burnout across eastern and western cultures, as well as examine the influence of burnout on patient safety cross‐culturally.

Design

Comparative cross‐sectional study.

Methods

Survey data were collected from nurses between August and October 2017 in Australia (n = 730) and between April and October 2019 in China (n = 1107). Variables included burnout (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, personal accomplishment), nurse leadership and support, staffing and resource adequacy, and perceived patient safety. Data were analysed separately for each jurisdiction using bootstrapped hierarchical regressions, which tested the relationships between burnout indicators and patient safety, controlling for support resources.

Results

Emotional exhaustion and depersonalization scores were significantly higher in the Australian sample compared with the Chinese sample. Australian participants reported significantly lower patient safety grades than Chinese participants and were less likely to agree that support resources were present in their current job. Separate regressions indicated that patient safety was significantly associated with staffing and resource adequacy, nurse leadership and support, and depersonalization among Australian participants (30% of variance explained in the final regression model), while staffing and resource adequacy, nurse leadership and support, personal accomplishment and emotional exhaustion predicted patient safety for Chinese participants (22% of variance explained in the final model).

Conclusion

Australian nurses are at greater risk of burnout than Chinese nurses. Burnout dimensions are differentially associated with patient safety across cultures. Culturally relevant interventions may be more optimal than universal approaches for improving burnout and patient safety in nursing.

Impact

This study increased understanding of cross‐cultural differences in nurse burnout and the relationship with patient safety. Australian nurses were at greater risk of burnout than Chinese nurses. Emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment influenced patient safety distinctively across the countries. These findings inform interventions designed to reduce nurse burnout and improve patient safety internationally.
The amoebae of Idionectes vortex (Cutosea, Amoebozoa): Motility, cytoskeleton architecture and extracellular scales
Authors: Hess Sebastian
Published: August 2021

The Cutosea represent a deep‐branching lineage within the phylum Amoebozoa that is still relatively poorly explored. Currently, there are four cutosean representatives known – the monotypic genera Armaparvus, Idionectes, Sapocribrum, and Squamamoeba – with marked genetic distances. Idionectes vortex is the deepest‐branching species and differs markedly from the other Cutosea in ecology, life history, and most importantly, in its ability to form a flagellated swarmer with an exceptional swimming mechanism. As far as we know, the other Cutosea lack flagella and rather represent small, marine amoebae with a characteristic cell coat. The present paper focuses on the amoeboid life history stage of the algivorous amoeboflagellate Idionectes vortex to provide data for a first in‐depth comparison with other Cutosea and to document structural specialties. The amoeboid stage of Idionectes is mainly associated with the specific feeding process, that is, the interaction with algal prey cells and phagocytosis of protoplast material. Yet, the present data from time‐lapse microscopy, cytochemical stainings, and electron microscopy demonstrate clear similarities with the other cutosean species concerning amoeboid locomotion and cell coat ultrastructure. Furthermore, Idionectes amoebae exhibit a well‐developed microtubular cytoskeleton, and an unusual basal apparatus that seems to undergo marked changes during the life history of this exceptional amoebozoan.
Rasch validation of the oral health impact profile for temporomandibular disorders
Authors: Yap Adrian Ujin , Cao Ye , Wong May Chun Mei , Fu Kai‐Yuan
Published: August 2021

Objectives

This study examined the metric properties of the Oral Health Impact Profile for Temporomandibular Disorders (OHIP‐TMD) using Factor/Rasch analyses and created a short‐form version of the measure.

Subjects and Methods

Aggregated OHIP‐TMD data were obtained from a cross‐sectional study involving 844 TMD patients with diagnostic criteria for TMDs defined conditions. The dimensionality of the OHIP‐TMD was first evaluated with exploratory factor analysis. An eigenvalue >1.0 and oblique oblimin rotation were applied for extracting the factors. Rasch analysis was subsequently performed on the primary dimension using the ConQuest software.

Results

Multi‐dimensionality of the OHIP‐TMD was observed with the primary dimension comprising ten items. Adequate fit to the Rasch model was noted after deleting item 8 with infit/outfit mean‐square values ranging from 0.75 to 1.40 logits. Item difficulty ranged from −0.75 to 1.05 logits, while participants' ability to respond varied from −4.55 to 5.19 logits. The respondent spread was slightly skewed and satisfactory item‐response targeting was present.

Conclusions

The 22‐item OHIP‐TMD demonstrated multi‐dimensionality with the primary dimension consisting of nine reliable items with adequate fit to the Rasch model. The 9‐item short‐form version of the OHIP‐TMD (SOHIP‐TMD) is a promising tool for evaluating OHRQoL.
Siting Schools, Choosing Students? Protecting White Habitus Through Charter School Recruitment
Authors: Riel Virginia
Published: August 2021

While many scholars agree that charter school enrollment contributes to segregation between schools, the role of siting decisions in recruitment to non‐urban charters has been overlooked. Drawing on 14 months of fieldwork to examine student recruitment in three charter schools, this article demonstrates how personnel used intentional site selection, geographic lottery priorities, tailored programs, and other recruitment strategies that catered to local communities and created predominantly white spaces. This study builds on existing knowledge about white flight between schools but from an organizational perspective, illustrating how school personnel can work to create and sustain white habitus to recruit families. These findings also contradict ideals about school choice; while charter schools are ostensibly available to families regardless of where they live, I find that charter school personnel targeted, sited in, and tailored recruitment to the pool of prospective families they wished to attract—predominantly white areas. The article contributes to the literature by demonstrating the importance of charter school organizational practices to school segregation.
Integrating user‐generated content to track urban flooding hotspots and foster emergency management: A case study in central China
Authors: Zeng Zhongping , Lan Jinyu , Li Jiang , He Qingsong , Wang Jiangwei , Li Siqi , Huang Yao
Published: August 2021

This study explores the potential for employing user‐generated content (UGC) during severe flooding to discover and track urban flooding disaster hotspots in a timely manner. A flooding case in central China was selected for this study. Crawlers, natural language processing, and geographic visualization methods were used to extract flood‐related UGC specific to severely flooded areas. Further, the quality of the geo‐tagged content on the web was verified using scientific gauge data (e.g., water level, digital elevation model, and rainfall). Based on our findings, we were able to deduce that UGC on the web is valuable for identifying flooding hotspots. In fact, this approach offers substantial advantages for addressing the emerging needs of data acquisition for flood emergency management. Notably, the values of urban stakeholders that share their observations on the web can be mined rapidly through the integration of various approaches. Overall, the findings of our study can contribute to the efficient mining of web data sources and development of disaster hotspot mapping systems at an urban scale to improve flood management and mitigation. The limitations of UGC and our study's future direction are also discussed.
Importance of Path Planning Variability: A Simulation Study
Authors: Krichmar Jeffrey L. , He Chuanxiuyue
Published: August 2021

Individuals vary in the way they navigate through space. Some take novel shortcuts, while others rely on known routes to find their way around. We wondered how and why there is so much variation in the population. To address this, we first compared the trajectories of 368 human subjects navigating a virtual maze with simulated trajectories. The simulated trajectories were generated by strategy‐based path planning algorithms from robotics. Based on the similarities between human trajectories and different strategy‐based simulated trajectories, we found that there is a variation in the type of strategy individuals apply to navigate space, as well as variation within individuals on a trial‐by‐trial basis. Moreover, we observed variation within a trial when subjects occasionally switched the navigation strategies halfway through a trajectory. In these cases, subjects started with a route strategy, in which they followed a familiar path, and then switched to a survey strategy, in which they took shortcuts by considering the layout of the environment. Then we simulated a second set of trajectories using five different but comparable artificial maps. These trajectories produced the similar pattern of strategy variation within and between trials. Furthermore, we varied the relative cost, that is, the assumed mental effort or required timesteps to choose a learned route over alternative paths. When the learned route was relatively costly, the simulated agents tended to take shortcuts. Conversely, when the learned route was less costly, the simulated agents showed preference toward a route strategy. We suggest that cost or assumed mental effort may be the reason why in previous studies, subjects used survey knowledge when instructed to take the shortest path. We suggest that this variation we observe in humans may be beneficial for robotic swarms or collections of autonomous agents during information gathering.
Comparison of skeletal muscle ultrastructural changes between normal and blood flow‐restricted resistance exercise: A case report
Authors: Wilburn Dylan T. , Machek Steven B. , Zechmann Bernd , Willoughby Darryn S.
Published: August 2021

New Findings

What is the main observation in this case?

The main observation of this case report is that blood flow‐restricted exercise can cause myofibrils to have an aberrant wave‐like appearance that is accompanied by irregular pockets of sarcoplasm in the intermyofibrillar space, while traditional forms of damage to the Z‐discs and contractile elements are not as apparent.

What insights does it reveal?

Our findings indicate that blood flow restriction‐mediated fluid pooling might cause alterations in skeletal muscle ultrastructure after exercise that might be directly related to myofibre swelling.

The acute effects of blood flow‐restricted (BFR) exercise training on skeletal muscle ultrastructure are poorly understood owing to inconsistent findings and the use of largely imprecise systemic markers for indications of muscle damage. The purpose of this study was to compare myofibrillar ultrastructure before and 30 min after normal and BFR resistance exercise using transmission electron microscopy in a single individual to evaluate the feasibility of this more nuanced approach. One apparently healthy male with 13 years of resistance exercise completed six sets of both BFR [30% of one‐repetition maximum (1‐RM)] and normal non‐occluded (70% of 1‐RM) unilateral angled leg press on the contralateral leg, as a control, after assessment of 1‐RM 72 h before. Vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were collected before and 30 min after each exercise session. The lengths and widths of 250 sarcomeres and the sarcoplasmic area were assessed via 20 individual transmission electron photomicrographs. Analysis revealed that BFR training (1.769 ± 0.12 μm) increased sarcomere length when compared with normal exercise (1.64 ± 0.17 μm; P < 0.001), without differences in sarcomere width between conditions (BFR, 0.90 ± 0.26 μm; normal, 0.93 ± 0.27 μm; P = 0.172). Furthermore, there were no significant interaction (P = 0.168) or condition effects between BFR (25.98 ± 4.17%) and normal (27.3 ± 6.49%) resistance exercise for sarcoplasmic area (P = 0.229). Exercise also increased sarcoplasmic area within the myofibril (pre‐exercise, 24.42 ± 5.13%; postexercise, 28.95 ± 5.92%) for both conditions (P = 0.001). This case study demonstrates a unique BFR training‐induced alteration in myofibril ultrastructure that appeared wave like and was accompanied by intracellular abnormalities that appeared to be fluid pockets of sarcoplasm disrupting the surrounding myofibrils.
Piercing the fog of the RNA structure-ome
Authors: Weeks Kevin M.
Published: August 2021

Machine learning is poised to transform RNA structure and function discovery
The unsung players of epidemiology
Maladies of Empire: How Colonialism, Slavery, and War Transformed Medicine
Jim Downs
Belknap Press, 2021. 272 pp.
Authors: Seth Suman
Published: August 2021

A new history probes often-overlooked contributions to the study of infectious disease
Complete Genome Sequence of
Latilactobacillus
sp. Strain WDN19, a High-
d-
Aspartate-Producing Lactic Acid Bacterium Isolated from a Japanese Pickle
Authors: Kajitani Kengo , Takahashi Shouji
Published: August 2021

We report here the complete genome sequence of
Latilactobacillus
sp. strain WDN19, isolated from a Japanese pickle. This strain can produce a large amount of
d-
aspartate in the culture broth. The genome consists of a circular chromosome (1,967,462 bp; GC content, 41.88%) and a circular plasmid (66,648 bp; GC content, 35.08%).
Three Draft Genome Sequences of White Spot Syndrome Virus from India
Authors: Kooloth Valappil Rajendran , Anand Deepika , Kulkarni Amod , Mahapatra Manabesh , Kumar Sanath H. , Bedekar Megha K. , Kollanoor Riji John , Mulloorpeedikayil Rosalind George , Mohideenpitchai Mansoor Mohamed , Muthumariappan Selvamageswaran , Panchavarnam Sivasankar , Devaraj Kaviarasu , Bass David , van Aerle Ronny
Published: August 2021

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is a pathogen causing significant economic losses to shrimp aquaculture worldwide. Previously, five genome sequences of the virus from farmed shrimp (
Penaeus vannamei
and
Penaeus monodon
) in India were reported, all originating from farms located on the east coast of the country. Here, we report three new and distinct WSSV genome sequences, two from shrimp (
P. vannamei
) farmed on the west coast of India and the third from the east coast.
Uncontrolled bleeding during tooth extraction from an undiagnosed arteriovenous malformation
Authors: Nilesh Kumar , Shah Swenil , Gautam Amol , Thorat Sagar
Published: August 2021

Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are rare congenital disorders of vascular morphogenesis. These lesions are characterised by high vascular flow with risk of severe bleeding from accidental trauma or surgical manipulation. Although infrequent, potentially life-threatening and fatal oral bleeding has been reported during extraction of tooth associated with AVM. This paper presents a case of uncontrolled bleeding in an adult female patient undergoing mandibular anterior tooth extraction. The bleeding was related to undiagnosed soft tissue AVM in gingivobuccal space. Management of the case with review of previously reported similar cases is presented.
Enterocutaneous fistula resulting from the drainage of a contained appendiceal perforation secondary to a partially obstructing low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm
Authors: Cohen Ryan , McKean Katie , Chetrit Stephanie
Published: August 2021

We report a case of an enterocutaneous fistula resulting from drainage of a contained appendiceal perforation secondary to an obstructing appendiceal mucinous neoplasm. A 66-year-old otherwise healthy female patient proceeded to laparoscopic appendicectomy with resection of the fistula tract. Histopathology demonstrated a mid-appendiceal mucinous neoplasm, with a benign enterocutaneous fistula tract communicating with the distal, non-malignant portion of the appendix. We provide an overview of the literature and highlight the need to consider appendiceal mucinous neoplasm as a differential in the management of spontaneous right iliac fossa collections and fistulae.
Portuguese Football Federation consensus statement 2020: nutrition and performance in football
Authors: Abreu Rodrigo , Figueiredo Pedro , Beckert Paulo , Marques José P , Amorim Samuel , Caetano Carlos , Carvalho Pedro , Sá Carla , Cotovio Ricardo , Cruz Joana , Dias Tiago , Fernandes Gonçalo , Gonçalves Elton , Leão César , Leitão Alexandre , Lopes João , Machado Eduardo , Neves Mónica , Oliveira André , Pereira Ana I , Pereira Bruno , Ribeiro Fernando , Silva Luis M , Sousa Filipe , Tinoco Tânia , Teixeira Vitor H , Sousa Monica , Brito João
Published: August 2021

Nutrition is an undeniable part of promoting health and performance among football (soccer) players. Nevertheless, nutritional strategies adopted in elite football can vary significantly depending on culture, habit and practical constraints and might not always be supported by scientific evidence. Therefore, a group of 28 Portuguese experts on sports nutrition, sports science and sports medicine sought to discuss current practices in the elite football landscape and review the existing evidence on nutritional strategies to be applied when supporting football players. Starting from understanding football’s physical and physiological demands, five different moments were identified: preparing to play, match-day, recovery after matches, between matches and during injury or rehabilitation periods. When applicable, specificities of nutritional support to young athletes and female players were also addressed. The result is a set of practical recommendations that gathered consensus among involved experts, highlighting carbohydrates periodisation, hydration and conscious use of dietary supplements.
Marijuana use and suicidal behaviours among school-going adolescents in Africa: assessments of prevalence and risk factors from the Global School-Based Student Health Survey
Authors: Tetteh John , Ekem-Ferguson George , Quarshie Emmanuel Nii-Boye , Swaray Swithin Mustapha , Ayanore Martin Amogre , Seneadza Nana Ayegua Hagan , Asante Kwaku Oppong , Yawson Alfred Edwin
Published: August 2021

Background

Marijuana use among adolescents, including high school students, has been consistently reported to be associated with a high incidence of suicidal behaviours. Little empirical research has been conducted on the propensity impact of marijuana use on suicidal behaviours in Africa.

Aims

To assess factors associated with marijuana use and further quantify marijuana use as an associated factor of suicidal behaviours, including repeated attempted suicide, suicidal ideation and suicide planning, among high school students in Africa.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 32 802 school-going adolescents using the Global School-Based Student Health Survey data from 10 African countries grouped into West Africa, North Africa, South-East Africa, South Africa and East Africa subregions. Marijuana use and repeated attempted suicide were the main outcome variables. We employed double selection least absolute shrinkage and selection operator poisson regression model to assess risk factors associated with marijuana use and dominance analysis to establish ranked important and common risk factors. Inverse probability weighting poisson regression adjustment was applied to assess impact.

Results

The prevalence of marijuana use and repeated attempted suicide were 3.7% (95% CI: 3.1 to 4.3) and 6.6% (95% CI: 5.9 to 7.4), respectively. The most important risk factor for marijuana use generally across the countries and specifically in three subregions was alcohol consumption, which constituted approximately 40% of the impact. The average treatment effect on the treated (ATT) indicated that marijuana use significantly increased the risk of suicidal ideation, suicide planning and repeated attempted suicide by 12% (ATT=0.12 (95% CI: 0.02 to 0.22)), 18% (ATT=0.18 (95% CI: 0.13 to 0.22)) and 31% (ATT=0.31 (95% CI: 0.20 to 0.41)), respectively.

Conclusions

Marijuana use was significantly associated with suicidal behaviours (suicidal ideation, planning and repeated attempted suicide) among the students. To achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.5 (tostrengthen prevention and treatment of substance abuse), school-based psychosocial interventions should be streamlined to adequately assess and manage marijuana use. Targeting the most dominant risk factors in this population could translate into the reduction of suicidal behaviours in countries within Africa.
CTLA4promoter hypomethylation is a negative prognostic biomarker at initial diagnosis but predicts response and favorable outcome to anti-PD-1 based immunotherapy in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Klümper Niklas , Ralser Damian J , Zarbl Romina , Schlack Katrin , Schrader Andres Jan , Rehlinghaus Marc , Hoffmann Michèle J , Niegisch Günter , Uhlig Annemarie , Trojan Lutz , Steinestel Julie , Steinestel Konrad , Wirtz Ralph M , Sikic Danijel , Eckstein Markus , Kristiansen Glen , Toma Marieta , Hölzel Michael , Ritter Manuel , Strieth Sebastian , Ellinger Jörg , Dietrich Dimo
Published: August 2021

Background

In metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), different combination therapies, each including anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), are applied as first-line treatment. Robust predictive biomarkers for rational upfront therapy decisions are lacking, although they are urgently needed. Recently, we showed thatCTLA4promoter methylation predicts response to ICB in melanoma. Here, we aimed to investigateCTLA4methylation in ccRCC and its utility to serve as a predictive biomarker for anti-PD-1 based ICB in metastatic ccRCC.

Methods

CTLA4methylation was analyzed with regard to transcriptional gene activity (mRNA expression), intratumoral immune cell composition, and clinical course in two ccRCC cohorts obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA cohort, n=533) and the University Hospital Bonn (UHB Non-ICB Cohort, n=116). In addition,CTLA4methylation as well as CD8+T cell infiltrates and PD-L1 expression were evaluated in pre-treatment samples from a multicenter cohort (RCC-ICB Cohort, n=71). Patients included in the RCC-ICB Cohort were treated with either first line anti-PD-1 based combination therapy (n=25) or monotherapy post–tyrosine kinase inhibition in second line or later. Analyses were performed with regard to treatment response according to RECIST, progression-free survival (PFS), event-free survival (EFS), and overall survival (OS) following treatment initiation.

Results

CTLA4promoter hypomethylation was significantly correlated withCTLA4mRNA expression, lymphocyte infiltration, and poor OS in both primary ccRCC cohorts (TCGA: HR 0.30 (95% CI 0.18 to 0.49), p<0.001; UHB Non-ICB: HR 0.35 (95% CI 0.16 to 0.75), p=0.007). In contrast,CTLA4promoter hypomethylation predicted response and, accordingly, favorable outcomes (PFS and OS) in patients with ICB-treated ccRCC, overcompensating the negative prognostic value ofCTLA4hypomethylation at initial diagnosis. Moreover, in multivariable Cox regression,CTLA4promoter hypomethylation remained an independent predictor of improved outcome in ICB-treated ccRCC after co-adjustment of the International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium score (HR 3.00 (95% CI 1.47 to 6.28), p=0.003).

Conclusions

Our study suggestsCTLA4methylation as a powerful predictive biomarker for immunotherapy response in metastatic RCC.
The ethics of semantics in medicine
Authors: Shaw David , Manara Alex , Dalle Ave Anne Laure
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we discuss the largely neglected topic of semantics in medicine and the associated ethical issues. We analyse several key medical terms from the informed perspective of the healthcare professional, the lay perspective of the patient and the patient’s family, and the descriptive perspective of what the term actually signifies objectively. The choice of a particular medical term may deliver different meanings when viewed from these differing perspectives. Consequently, several ethical issues may arise. Technical terms that are not commonly understood by lay people may be used by physicians, consciously or not, and may obscure the understanding of the situation by lay people. The choice of particular medical terms may be accidental use of jargon, an attempt to ease the communication of psychologically difficult information, or an attempt to justify a preferred course of action and/or to manipulate the decision-making process.
Intramuscular hyaluronic acid expression following repetitive power training induced nonfunctional overreaching
Authors: Purdom Troy M. , Wayland Alexis , Nicoll Justin X. , Ludwar Bjoern , Fry Andrew , Shanle Erin , Giles Jake
Published: August 2021

Hyaluronic acid (HA) contributes to extracellular matrix viscosity and fiber regeneration. HA role in resistance training (RT) performance adaptations is unclear. RT men performed power training (nonfunctional overreaching (NFOR) or normal training (CG)) over 7.5 days. Post RT, the CG improved power while NFOR did not with HA content decreasing 34.5% in NFOR with no change in CG. HA is critical for muscular recovery; decreased HA may contribute to impaired power adaptations with NFOR RT.

Novelty: Nonfunctional over-reaching decreases muscular hyaluronic acid.
Dynamic Coal Quantity Detection and Classification of Permanent Magnet Direct Drive Belt Conveyor Based on Machine Vision and Deep Learning
Authors: Wang Guimei , Li Xuehui , Yang Lijie
Published: August 2021

Real-time and accurate measurement of coal quantity is the key to energy-saving and speed regulation of belt conveyor. The electronic belt scale and the nuclear scale are the commonly used methods for detecting coal quantity. However, the electronic belt scale uses contact measurement with low measurement accuracy and a large error range. Although nuclear detection methods have high accuracy, they have huge potential safety hazards due to radiation. Due to the above reasons, this paper presents a method of coal quantity detection and classification based on machine vision and deep learning. This method uses an industrial camera to collect the dynamic coal quantity images of the conveyor belt irradiated by the laser transmitter. After preprocessing, skeleton extraction, laser line thinning, disconnection connection, image fusion, and filling, the collected images are processed to obtain coal flow cross-sectional images. According to the cross-sectional area and the belt speed of the belt conveyor, the coal volume per unit time is obtained, and the dynamic coal quantity detection is realized. On this basis, in order to realize the dynamic classification of coal quantity, the coal flow cross-section images corresponding to different coal quantities are divided into coal type images to establish the coal quantity data set. Then, a Dense-VGG network for dynamic coal classification is established by the VGG16 network. After the network training is completed, the dynamic classification performance of the method is verified through the experimental platform. The experimental results show that the classification accuracy reaches 94.34%, and the processing time of a single frame image is 0.270[Formula: see text]s.
Design and control of axial binding with flexible Zn(II) porphyrin dimer: Building-up novel polymer with exo–endo binding
Authors: Chandel Dolly , Saha Bapan , Asif Ikbal Sk. , Rath Sankar Prasad
Published: August 2021

Pyrrole-bridged Zn(II) porphyrin dimer, Zn2DEP, has been utilized as an efficient tweezer host for the binding of guest (substrate) inside the cavity due to its large vertical flexibility. Aromatic monodentate substrate binds in an exo−endofashion to form a discrete monomeric complex while it converts to anexo−exo upon increasing the bulk of the guest. Shorter bidentate guest, on the other hand, forms 1:1 sandwich complex. In contrast, a longer bidentate guest binds in an exo−endo fashion but to form a polymeric structure. The complexes have been isolated in the solid state and structurally characterized while their complexation process in solution has been monitored spectroscopically. We also provide here a comprehensive account of the substrate binding ability of flexible Zn2DEP towards preferential formation of discrete monomeric exo–endo, exo–exo and sandwich complexes as well as 1D polymer just upon varying the size and type of axial guests. This work can contribute towards the rational design of receptors as highly efficient probes for molecular recognition and chirality sensing devices.
Mechanochemical synthesis of freebase and metal corroles
Authors: Dorniak Adrian , Haas Michael , Brüggemann Oliver , Teasdale Ian , Schöfberger Wolfgang
Published: August 2021

Herein, we report on the mechanochemical reaction of pyrrole and substituted benzaldehyde precursors to produce freebase corroles and demonstrate the one-pot mechanochemical synthesis of 5,10,15-Tris(4-[Formula: see text]-butylphenyl)corrole (H[Formula: see text]-buPhC), in which both, the condensation and oxidation reactions steps, took place in the ball mill. Moreover, we could achieve the mechanochemical synthesis of copper corroles with decent overall yields of 10–12%. With the mechanochemical approach we could shift the EcoScale obtained from common synthesis procedures to significant more positive values and the E-factor for the mechanochemical copper insertion was lowered by factor of 3.0.
Differences in cerebrovascular regulation and ventilatory responses during ramp incremental cycling in children, adolescents, and adults
Authors: Weston Max E. , Barker Alan R. , Tomlinson Owen W. , Coombes Jeff S. , Bailey Tom G. , Bond Bert
Published: August 2021

This is the first study to observe similar increases in cerebral blood flow during incremental exercise in adolescents and adults. Increases in cerebral blood flow during exercise were smaller in children compared with adolescents and adults and were associated with a greater V̇E/V̇co2 slope. This study also provides the first evidence on the progressive development of the regulatory role of end-tidal CO2 on cerebral blood flow during exercise during the transition from childhood to adulthood.
Early Detection of Pediatric Cardiomyopathy Disease Using Window Based Correlation Method from Gene Micro Array Data
Authors: Jayanthi K. , Mahesh C. , Arthi A. , Rajendran K. T. , Vijayalakshmi B. , Shanker N. R.
Published: August 2021

Disease prediction through gene is a challenging task. Researchers have proposed algorithms to identify disease from genes. Traditional algorithms prioritize through annotation and combines the structures in biological process or molecular functions and compared with annotations of known disease genes for classification. Pediatric Cardiomyopathy is a disease due to disorder in heart muscle and identification at early stage is a challenging problem. In this paper, the above problem solves through Window Based Correlation (WBC). In WBC, Global data is reduced to spatial data using block reduction technique. After Data reduction, strong relationship analysis between the genes is identified through RMSE values between the genes. This RMSE values helps to detect the pediatric cardiomyopathy at early stage using Window based correlation method. From the results, ablation study proves an accuracy of prediction is about 85%.
HIV-Associated Neurotoxicity: The Interplay of Host and Viral Proteins
Authors: Jadhav Sushama , Nema Vijay
Published: August 2021

HIV-1 can incite activation of chemokine receptors, inflammatory mediators, and glutamate receptor-mediated excitotoxicity. The mechanisms associated with such immune activation can disrupt neuronal and glial functions. HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) is being observed since the beginning of the AIDS epidemic due to a change in the functional integrity of cells from the central nervous system (CNS). Even with the presence of antiretroviral therapy, there is a decline in the functioning of the brain especially movement skills, noticeable swings in mood, and routine performance activities. Under the umbrella of HAND, various symptomatic and asymptomatic conditions are categorized and are on a rise despite the use of newer antiretroviral agents. Due to the use of long-lasting antiretroviral agents, this deadly disease is becoming a manageable chronic condition with the occurrence of asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment (ANI), symptomatic mild neurocognitive disorder, or HIV-associated dementia. In-depth research in the pathogenesis of HIV has focused on various mechanisms involved in neuronal dysfunction and associated toxicities ultimately showcasing the involvement of various pathways. Increasing evidence-based studies have emphasized a need to focus and explore the specific pathways in inflammation-associated neurodegenerative disorders. In the current review, we have highlighted the association of various HIV proteins and neuronal cells with their involvement in various pathways responsible for the development of neurotoxicity.
ABL1 Is a Prognostic Marker and Associated with Immune Infiltration in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Liu Rongqiang , Kong Weihao , Jiang ZeKun , Zheng Shiyang , Yuan Xiaofeng , Ye Linsen
Published: August 2021

Background. The role of ABL1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still unclear. Therefore, this study aims to explore the potential role of ABL1 in the progression of HCC using bioinformatics methods. Methods. We analyzed the expression, prognostic potential, and immune cell effect of ABL1 in HCC by using a variety of datasets. Results. ABL1 is highly expressed in HCC and associated with unfavorable overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Functional network analysis revealed that ABL1 plays an important role in mitochondrial activity, ATP metabolism, protein translation and metabolism, various neurological diseases, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and notch signaling pathway. In addition, we found that ABL1 expression was closely correlated with B cells, CD8 + T cells, CD4 + T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells. Furthermore, ABL1 expression was positively associated with the expression levels of immune checkpoint genes, such as PD-1L, TIM3, TIGIT, and CTLA4. Conclusion. ABL1 is associated with immune infiltration and prognosis of HCC.
Fine Depiction of the Single Sand Body and Connectivity Unit of a Deltaic Front Underwater Distributary Channel: Taking the Third Member of the Dongying Formation in the Cha71 Fault Block of the Chaheji Oilfield as an Example
Authors: Yu Zhenfeng , Yang Jindong , Song Xinya , Qiao Jin
Published: August 2021

By taking the third member of the Dongying Formation in the Cha71 fault block of the Chaheji oilfield as an example, the single sand body of the deltaic front underwater distributary channel is meticulously depicted by using the data of well logging and performance production. Portrays the vertical separation model, total lateral separation type, vertical type, lateral superposition type, 4 types of single sand body vertical superimposed and bay type, bank contact between docking, instead of four kinds of single sand body lateral contact type, and summarizes its logging facies identification. The quantitative prediction model of the single sand body was established, the characteristics of single sand body plane distribution were summarized, and the identification of the oil-water layer and the lower limit of reservoir effective thickness were studied. And we got the conclusion that based on the fine characterization of the single sand body and the lower limit standard of effective reservoir thickness, the distribution range of the effective reservoir and connecting unit is determined. Finally, the connectivity of the connecting unit is verified by dynamic data.
Study on the Permeability Evolution Model of Mining-Disturbed Coal
Authors: Jia Hengyi , Zou Delong
Published: August 2021

Coal permeability plays an important role in the simultaneous exploitation of coal and coal-bed methane (CBM). The stress of mining-disturbed coal changes significantly during coal mining activities, causing damage and destruction of the coal mass, ultimately resulting in a sharp increase in permeability. Conventional triaxial compression and permeability tests were conducted on a triaxial creep-seepage-adsorption and desorption experimental device to investigate the permeability evolution of mining-disturbed coal. The permeability evolution models considering the influence of the stress state and stress path on the fracture propagation characteristics were established based on the permeability difference in the deformation stages of the coal mass. The stress-strain curve of the coal was divided into an elastic stage, yield stage, and plastic flow stage. As the axial stress increased, the permeability decreased and then increased, and the curve’s inflection point corresponded to the yield point. The permeability models exhibited a good agreement with the experimental data and accurately reflected the overall trends of the test results. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for coal mine disaster prevention and the simultaneous exploitation of coal and CBM.
Visual Odometry for Self-Driving with Multihypothesis and Network Prediction
Authors: Chen Yonggang , Mei Yanghan , Wan Songfeng
Published: August 2021

Robustness in visual odometry (VO) systems is critical, as it determines reliable performance in various scenarios and challenging environments. Especially with the development of data-driven technology, such as deep learning, the combination of data-driven VO and traditional model-based VO has achieved accurate tracking performance. However, the existence of local optimums in the model-based cost function still limits the robustness. In this study, we introduce a novel framework with a particle filter (PF) in the optimization process, where the PF is constructed by deep neural network (DNN) prediction. We propose constructing the PF by motion prediction classification and its uncertainty based on the characteristic of on-road driving motion. At the same time, an interval DNN prediction strategy is introduced to improve the real-time performance. Experimental results show that our framework obtains better tracking accuracy and robustness than the existing works, while the time consumption is maintained.
A Novel Mutation in the VPS13B Gene in a Cohen Syndrome Patient with Positive Antiphospholipid Antibodies
Authors: Dehghan Roghayeh , Behnam Mahdiyeh , Moafi Alireza , Salehi Mansoor
Published: August 2021

Cohen syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder with the primary symptoms of mental deficiency, progressive retinopathy, hypotonia, microcephaly, obesity of midchildhood onset, intermittent neutropenia, and dysmorphic facial features. The syndrome has high phenotypic heterogeneity and is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the VPS13B gene. Here, we introduce a novel homozygous nonsense mutation (c.8698G > T, p.E2900X) in the VPS13B gene in an 11-year-old Iranian boy with major symptoms of Cohen syndrome. He also had mild anemia accompanied by positive antiphospholipid antibodies, the latter has never been previously reported in Cohen syndrome.
A Numerical Approach on Waste Heat Recovery through Sidewall Heat‐Exchanging in an Aluminum Electrolysis Cell
Authors: Yang Youjian , Tao Wenju , Wang Zhaowen , Shi Zhongning
Published: August 2021

This paper proposes a technical viewpoint for the recovery of waste heat in aluminum electrolysis. The idea of combining heat‐generating electrolysis process and the heat‐consuming alumina tube digestion process is discussed in detail. The structural design of the heat‐exchanging system as well as the matching problems between the heat exchanger and cell design are also mentioned. Several major concerns including the automatic temperature regulation of the cell sidewall and the preferred selection principles for the heat medium are introduced. A 2 kA heat exchangeable cell is developed and a series of tests are carried out in the laboratory. It is found that approximate 80% of the sidewall waste heat can be recovered while the cell behaves steadily. It is also proved possible to control the thickness of the frozen ledge through adjusting the heat convection rate of the heat exchanger. The heat‐exchanging system is also suitable for aluminum cells when the fluctuating wind power is applied as a major energy supply.
Multiset Canonical Correlations Analysis of Bidimensional Intrinsic Mode Functions for Automatic Target Recognition of SAR Images
Authors: Ding Yong
Published: August 2021

A novel feature generation algorithm for the synthetic aperture radar image is designed in this study for automatic target recognition. As an adaptive 2D signal processing technique, bidimensional empirical mode decomposition is employed to generate multiscale bidimensional intrinsic mode functions from the original synthetic aperture radar images, which could better capture the broad spectral information and details of the target. And, the combination of the original image and decomposed bidimensional intrinsic mode functions could promisingly provide more discriminative information for correct target recognition. To reduce the high dimension of the original image as well as bidimensional intrinsic mode functions, multiset canonical correlations analysis is adopted to fuse them as a unified feature vector. The resultant feature vector highly reduces the high dimension while containing the inner correlations between the original image and decomposed bidimensional intrinsic mode functions, which could help improve the classification accuracy and efficiency. In the classification stage, the support vector machine is taken as the basic classifier to determine the target label of the test sample. In the experiments, the 10‐class targets in the moving and stationary target acquisition and recognition dataset are classified to investigate the performance of the proposed method. Several operating conditions and reference methods are setup for comprehensive evaluation.
Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale Using Synchronization Analysis of Gait Dynamics
Authors: Asmarian Naeimehossadat , Ruzitalab Ahmad , Erjaee Gholamhossien , Farahi Mohammad Hadi , Asmarian Seyyed Mojtaba
Published: August 2021

Analysis of gait dynamics is a noninvasive and totally painless test, and it can be an ideal method for the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, based on the strength of synchronization between dynamics of strides, we have suggested a rating scale method for Parkinson’s disease (PD). Methods. The sample included 15 persons with PD (age: 66.8 ± 10.9 years) and 16 healthy persons (age: 39.3 ± 18.5 years) which were recruited from the Neurology Outpatient Clinic at Massachusetts General Hospital and were instructed to walk a 77 m long, straight hallway. The time interval of strides and subphases of strides were measured. Using the Hilbert transformation method, we obtained the data phase and used mean absolute error (MAE) to calculate the synchronization strength of the data phase. Results. In order to check the accuracy of our method, we measured the correlation between our numerical results (MAE) and values of the Hoehn‐Yahr scale. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients (r) and the P values were calculated. MAE of left and right stride intervals (LRSI) significantly correlates with the Hoehn‐Yahr scale for the subjects with PD (with r = 0.60 and P = 0.025 < 0.05). Conclusion. We have revealed that the synchronization weakness of LRSI shows the severity of PD. This method seems to be well suited as a rating scale for people with PD.
Theoretical Investigation on Multiple Separation of Bridge under Near-Fault Vertical Ground Motion
Authors: Chen Shutong , Xia Houzheng , An Wenjun , Wen Yuwen
Published: August 2021

In order to consider the effect of near-field vertical earthquake, a model of a two-span continuous beam bridge is established. On the basis of superposition of longitudinal and vertical seismic actions, the possible separation of vertical earthquake is considered, and the influence of separation on structural failure is calculated. The transient wave characteristic function method and the indirect mode superposition method are used to solve the response theory of the bridge structure during the earthquake. When the vertical seismic excitation period is close to the vertical natural vibration period of the bridge, structure may separate. For the high-pier-type bridge, the separation enlarges the deformation of the pier and even causes the pier failure. The external conditions such as the time difference of arrival of seismic wave and the stiffness of support will affect the deformation of bridge piers. In addition, the number of separations will also change the seismic response of the pier.
Expression of Four Autophagy-Related Genes Accurately Predicts the Prognosis of Gastrointestinal Cancer in Asian Patients
Authors: Tang Hua , Liang Yinyin , Xu Shuyu , Xia Rong , Shen Jiemiao , Zhang Yuxin , Gong Xing , Min Yue , Zhang Di , Zhao Tie , Wang Shoulin , Zhang Yi , Wang Chao
Published: August 2021

Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are among the most fatal diseases in the world. Numerous studies have demonstrated the relationship between autophagy and development of gastrointestinal cancers. However, whether autophagy-related genes can predict prognosis of GI cancers in individuals of Asian ancestry has not been defined. This study, evaluated the prognostic value of autophagy-related genes in gastrointestinal cancer. Expression profile of autophagy-related genes for 296 gastrointestinal cancer patients of Asian ancestry was downloaded from the TCGA database (TCGA-LIHC, TCGA-STAD, TCGA-ESCA, TCGA-PAAD, TCGA-COAD, TCGA-CHOL, and TCGA-READ). The prognostic value of the autophagy-related genes was evaluated using univariate Cox, LASSO, and multivariate Cox regression analyses. The risk score of the autophagy-related gene signature was calculated to assess its predictive prognostic value for GI cancers. Forty-seven differentially expressed autophagy-related genes, in Asian patients with gastrointestinal cancers, were identified. Of the 47 genes, 4 were associated with prognosis of GI cancer (SQSTM1, BIRC5, NRG3, and CXCR4). A prognostic model for GI cancer, based on the expression of the above 4 genes in the training set, showed that cancer patients were stratified into high-risk and low-risk groups (

P
<
0.05

). The utility of the model for overall survival (OS) of GI cancer patients was consistent across the entire set, training set, and test set (entire set:

P
=
4.568
×

10

−
4

; train set:

P
=
5.718
×

10

−
3

; test set:

P
=
3.516
×

10

−
2

). The sensitivity and specificity of the ROC curve of the above prognostic model in predicting the 5-year prognosis of GI cancer was satisfactory (entire set: 0.728; train set: 0.727; test set: 0.733). Analysis of clinical samples validated the overexpression of the 4 genes (SQSTM1, BIRC5, NRG3, and CXCR4) in tumor tissues relative to paired normal tissues, consistent with bioinformatic findings. Expression of the 4 autophagy-related genes (SQSTM1, BIRC5, NRG3, and CXCR4) can accurately predict the prognosis of gastrointestinal tumors in Asian patients.