bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
English Translation and Cultural Adaptation of the Knee Numeric-Entity Evaluation Score (KNEES-ACL): A Condition-Specific Patient-Reported Outcome Measure for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries
Authors: Marmura Hana , Bryant Dianne M. , Hansen Christian F. , Brodersen John B. , Krogsgaard Michael , Dhanoya Saveen , Getgood Alan M.J.
Published: September 2024

Background:

The Knee Numeric-Entity Evaluation Score (KNEES-ACL) is a 41-item condition-specific patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) that was developed for patients with an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficiency and patients after ACL reconstruction. This measure is intended to be used for longitudinal clinical studies. The KNEES-ACL has demonstrated face and content validity and superior responsiveness compared with other PROMs commonly used in patients with an ACL injury. However, this PROM was developed in Danish and has not been appropriately translated and culturally adapted into North American English.

Purpose:

To translate and culturally adapt the KNEES-ACL from Danish to North American English.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study.

Methods:

Translation from Danish to English and cultural adaptation to a North American context were performed according to the dual panel method. First, the Danish KNEES-ACL was translated by a bilingual panel, which provided multiple English wording options for each item. Second, an English lay panel focus group was formed to determine the wording for each item that best reflected everyday spoken language. Finally, individual think-aloud cognitive interviews were conducted with patients after an ACL injury to evaluate the relevance, comprehensiveness, and comprehensibility of the PROM content and questions. Repeated modifications and testing were performed until a final English version of the KNEES-ACL was constructed.

Results:

Participants in the lay panel focus group were able to reach unanimous decisions for each of the 41 items. Further changes to 17 items were made after 8 think-aloud interviews with patients with ACL injuries at various time points to ensure that items were relevant and being interpreted consistently among different types of patients. The final KNEES-ACL consisted of 6 domains: Problems with Daily Activities, Mental Impact, Stability, Strength and Control, Pain, and Sport and Physical Activity.

Conclusion:

The English KNEES-ACL for patients with ACL injuries has undergone appropriate translation and cultural adaptation using established dual panel and cognitive interviewing methods in the population of interest. The psychometric properties of the English KNEES-ACL will likely mirror those established with the Danish version. However, direct validation of the psychometric properties of the English version would be beneficial before widespread use.
The die is cast? The origins of territorial claims & their escalation to military hostilities
Authors: Watanabe Tsukasa , Enterline Andrew J
Published: September 2024

Under what conditions do territorial claims originate and how do such processes affect military hostility thereafter? We theorize about the impact of four claim origination conditions: (1) pristine; (2) territorial incursion; (3) territorial loss; and (4) national independence. Relying on the original data of claim origination for 209 territorial claims in Asia and Oceania between 1816 and 2001, the empirical analysis demonstrates that territorial claims originating from territorial incursion, territorial loss, and national independence are more likely to experience subsequent military hostilities. The analysis underscores the role of the structure of the international system in the origination and escalation of territorial claims.
Finite element analysis of thermal barrier properties under relevance vector machine in coated pistons and blades
Authors: Barmavatu Praveen
Published: September 2024

Internal Combustion (IC) engines require Thermal Barrier Coatings (TBCs) to preserve their effectiveness and performance. By coating engine parts with TBCs, thermal fatigue and environmental heat loss may be minimised. To reduce heat loss in IC engines during the combustion stage, piston thermal barrier coating is extremely beneficial. Additionally, it is well known that power plants with higher energy efficiency tend to operate their gas turbines at higher operating temperatures. To produce TBCs for the thermal design of gas turbines and diesel engines with higher performance, an in-depth study on the thermophysical properties of TBCs is required. This article presents an experimental investigation into the combined effect of gas turbine blades and diesel engine pistons coated with a heat barrier, utilising two distinct Thermal Barrier Coatings. Initially, numerical calculations are used to assess the wall heat transfer model’s ability to control temperature and density. The piston and blade top surfaces received plasma-sprayed, Yttria-Stabilised Zirconia (YSZ) with different material combinations on the piston and blades are evaluated. The Finite Element Method is developed for the coating of the ideal thickness to analyse the failure mechanism of the TBC sample. To evaluate the fatigue residual lifespan of TBC pistons, as well as blades in high-power engines, the authors also created a relevant vector Machine-based lifetime prediction model. The CO, HC and NOx emissions, as well as the fuel depletion and braking thermal efficiency, are used to calculate the performance analysis of the coated piston and blades. The results demonstrated improved thermal process endurance and decreased thermal conductivity by 28% when compared to YSZ using the RVM method respectively.
Machine learning approach for predicting the machining characteristics of additive manufactured ABS material
Authors: Sharma Vikas , Singh Jaiinder Preet , Hussan Kamal , Kumar Rajeev
Published: September 2024

An Additive manufacturing process offers advantage for the production of intricate designs with increased efficiency and reduced material waste. In this research, an experimental and analysis work has been conducted to identify the significant 3-D printed input parameters effecting the output response characteristics as kerf width. The correlation between experimental and predicted values has been established through the application of Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Support Vector Machine Regression (SVMR), and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) techniques. The validation of predicted models conducted with the help of mean prediction error, maximum error and minimum error. The performance of ANN model was analyzed by feedforward-propagation method using Levenberg- Marquardt algorithm. The maximum prediction error investigated by ANN, SVM, and RSM were noted as 4.28, 5.18, and 5.84 respectively. The optical micrographs have been investigated to understand the hole and crater formation phenomenon.
Holocene temperatures follow CO2 in southeastern Alaska
Authors: Wilcox Paul S , Spötl Christoph
Published: September 2024

Understanding the temperature evolution during the Holocene is crucial for future climate projections. However, a puzzling discrepancy between climate models simulating a warming trend during the second half of the Holocene parallel to the rise in atmospheric CO2 concentrations and proxy data suggesting cooling during this period – known as the Holocene temperature conundrum – limits our understanding of how climate will evolve in the future. To solve this conundrum, the inclusion of quantitative paleotemperature records from high-latitude sites, which are extremely rare, is essential. Here, we use the hydrogen isotopic composition of fluid inclusions in speleothems from southeastern Alaska to create a quantitative temperature reconstruction of the entire Holocene. We show that the temperature in southeastern Alaska followed CO2, in agreement with modeling results. Because our data show no proxy-model bias, they support a seasonal proxy bias to account for the Holocene temperature conundrum.
Using a Community-Engaged Survey to Describe Prison Environments and Measure the Mental Health Status of Correctional Staff and Incarcerated Individuals
Authors: Crocker Abigail M. , Fox Kathryn J.
Published: September 2024

The United States has the highest incarceration rate in the world. Incarceration is associated with significant negative mental health implications for both the corrections staff who work in prisons and the individuals incarcerated in them. Despite their scale and impacts, prisons are one of the country’s least transparent and most understudied public institutions. Where research on prisons does exist, it is often focused on either the corrections staff population or the incarcerated population. Moreover, the perspectives of those most directly affected, incarcerated populations and correctional staff are rarely included in the process. In this study, we sought to focus on understanding the entire prison ecosystem, measuring the mental health status of corrections staff and incarcerated individuals, and describing potential interrelated factors in the prison environment that may affect these outcomes. We used a community-engaged process to develop a prison survey to measure the prison environment in a pilot facility in rural Vermont, incorporating the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Global Mental Health 2a instrument to measure the mental health status of the corrections staff and incarcerated individuals. Focus groups and interviews were conducted to inform survey development and understand factors affecting the mental health of these populations. Surveys were administered at three time points.
“That Student Experience Was Real.” “How College Graduates of Color Benefit From Experiential Learning Through on-Campus Employment.”
Authors: Burnett Christopher A. , Taylor Z.W.
Published: September 2024

Background: For decades, researchers have explored how college students participate in experiential learning, yet sparse work has engaged with Undergraduates of Color1in these spaces or Graduates of Color after they leave campus. Purpose: This study engaged with 13 Graduates of Color (bachelor's degree holders) to understand their experiential learning outcomes through their appointment as on-campus undergraduate employees. Specifically, we explored whether Graduates of Color developed post-graduate employability through their on-campus experiential learning. Methodology/Approach: This study employed qualitative methods through in-depth, semi-structured hour-long interviews with Graduates of Color. Findings/Conclusions: Aligned with Knight and Yorke's USEM model, findings suggest Graduates of Color (while undergraduates) developed considerable understanding, skillful practices, efficacy beliefs, and metacognition as on-campus undergraduate employees in experiential employment positions, amplifying their employability and professional development competencies. Implications: Implications for research and practice include intentional recruitment of Undergraduates of Color to on-campus experiential employment, as well as an increased research emphasis on how Undergraduates of Color access and experience on-campus employment and experiential learning programs.
Unveiling the Cardiotoxicity Conundrum: Navigating the Seas of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Therapies
Authors: Ekram Jahanzaib , Rathore Azeem , Avila Carlos , Hussein Rahbia , Alomar Mohammed
Published: September 2024

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have revolutionized the treatment of various solid and hematologic malignancies by targeting dysregulated signaling pathways critical for malignant cell growth. However, these therapeutic benefits are often accompanied by cardiotoxicities, such as hypertension, left ventricular dysfunction, QT prolongation, and tachyarrhythmias, among others. These cardiotoxicities post a significant challenge in clinical management, often limiting the use of otherwise effective therapies. The underlying mechanism of TKI-induced cardiotoxicity appears to be multifaceted, involving several pathways including: direct cardiomyocyte damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, endothelial damage, and disruption of signaling pathways critical for cardiac function. The range and severity of cardiotoxicities vary significantly across different TKIs, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of each agent’s specific cardiovascular risk profile. Preventing and managing TKI-induced cardiotoxicity requires a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach. Early identification of at-risk patients through baseline cardiovascular risk assessments and appropriate monitoring during therapy is crucial. Strategies to mitigate cardiotoxic effects include dose modification, the use of cardioprotective agents, and temporary discontinuation of therapy. Additionally, decision making via multidisciplinary teams ensures minimization of cardiovascular complications while also continuing effective cancer treatment. Historically, data have been limited regarding cardiotoxicity and most cancer therapies, which certainly includes TKIs. This review aims to synthesize the current body of knowledge on TKI-associated cardiotoxicities, while highlighting the importance of vigilance and proactive management to minimize cardiovascular complications.
Unemployment insurance for the self-employed: A conceptual way forward
Authors: Weber Enzo , Schoukens Paul
Published: September 2024

In this contribution we give common guidelines on how unemployment schemes for the self-employed could be developed in practice. These guidelines have been derived from national descriptions contained in this special edition on unemployment protection for the self-employed, or in other recent comparative contributions on the matter. Our reference framework is the EU Council Recommendation (2019) on Access to Social Protection, and more in particular the overall objective that social protection should be designed in a labour status neutral manner and, where necessary, adapted to the specific work situation of the professional groups covered. Applied to unemployment, the design of the scheme should be as similar as possible to that of unemployment insurance for wage earners. However, it is crucial to adapt the rules as specifically as necessary to the nature of self-employed work, such as, for example, the fact that the self-employed do not work for an employer. Starting from this basis, we developed key rules with regard to unemployment schemes for the self-employed. We did so by addressing the essential components of unemployment schemes: the definition of the unemployment risk, financing, access and entitlement conditions, and re-eligibility in case of repeated claims for unemployment benefits. We also address recent evolutions in the labour market, such as coverage when multiple activities are performed (combining activities as an employee and as a self-employed person), and elaborate on situations involving temporary closure of the self-employed activity (e.g. due to Covid-19) and partial unemployment. In conclusion, we provide some reflections on the apparent ongoing evolution of the risk of unemployment towards a broader income protection scheme, which not only provides income replacement in case of a final loss of professional activity or self-employed business, but also gives structural income support if the person loses income partially due to external economic and/or social reasons.
Remaking a sense of place: Using video methods to research a London ten-pin bowling league
Authors: Jackson Emma , Lee Andy
Published: September 2024

Drawing on research with a ten-pin bowling league in London, this paper seeks to add to discussions about remaking place through video methods by exploring (1) the challenges involved in presenting both the perspectives of participants and recreating a sense of place through video methods; (2) how using different forms of video methods – together and in tandem – can address this challenge. Through discussion of this example, we set out how we assembled and reassembled video data in a range of ways for different modes of presentation, providing insights on how video techniques and modes of presentation both recreate and intervene in the social worlds and places that they seek to understand. In doing so, the paper contributes to discussions of how video methods might be used in more imaginative and lively ways in social research to foreground the sensory qualities and lived experience of places.
World-class education for the few: Analysing Japan’s designated national university corporation system policy discourse
Authors: Birtles Mark
Published: September 2024

This study explores the production, dissemination, and reception of the discourse of educational excellence and internationalisation in Japan’s Designated National University Corporation System. The study frames the policy initiative within the longstanding goals of the Japanese government and demonstrates how the work of Michel Foucault helps uncover the policy’s inherent power dynamics and ideological conflicts. The investigation operationalises Foucault’s theories with a framework to investigate the policy discourse, illuminating the central concern as global competitiveness and an imposition of rigorous criteria for designation. The analysis uncovers a coercive isomorphism, with universities replicating the government’s discourse. Furthermore, the focus on global competitiveness and rankings in the policy comes at the expense of facilitating other forms of internationalisation. More comprehensive reforms are recommended to foster authentic global engagement and inclusivity across a broader base of higher education institutions, rather than focussing on an increasingly thinner strata and the pursuit of global prestige.
Living the American Dream? Satirizing Neoliberal Capitalism in Killing It and Severance
Authors: Weinstein Corinne
Published: September 2024

Neoliberal capitalism dominates American society despite its reproduction of mass inequality. The most vulnerable individuals are tasked with maintaining the health and morality of the marketplace by becoming the entrepreneurial self, and are placated with false promises of American Dream mythology that promotes unattainable ideas of success. In the following, I consider two television satires of capitalism— Killing It and Severance—as disruptive stories that raise critical ethical questions about neoliberal capitalism through the humorous perspective of the neoliberal worker.
Pain Sensitization and Association With Baseline Factors in Elderly Patients With Distal Radius Fracture: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Gutiérrez-Espinoza Héctor , Araya-Quintanilla Felipe , Gutiérrez-Monclus Rodrigo , Valenzuela-Fuenzalida Juan , Hagert Elisabet , Rein Susanne
Published: September 2024

Background:

The aim of this study was to describe the presence of pain sensitization (PS) and its association with baseline factors after cast removal in patients older than 60 years with distal radius fracture (DRF) treated conservatively.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study included 220 patients older than 60 years with extra-articular DRF who completed the Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire (PSQ). Patients with PSQ score > 7 points were considered positive for PS. In addition, sociodemographic, anthropometrics, clinical, radiological, lifestyle behaviors, pain-related psychological factors, and functional outcomes were analyzed as baseline predictors, all measured were performed 2 weeks after cast removal.

Results:

A total of 159 patients (72.3%) showed PS. The results showed an association between higher values of PSQ-total with the affected dominant hand (β = 1.1; P = 0.04), high energy of injury (β = 3.5; P < .001), extra-articular comminuted metaphyseal DRFs (β = 1.8; P < .001), lower values of Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity questionnaire (β = 3.1; P < .001), higher values of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (β = 2.5; P < .001), higher values of Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (β = 1.9; P < .001), higher values of Pain Catastrophizing Scale (β = 1.8; P < .001), higher values of Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire (β = 1.6; P < .001), lower values of grip strength (β = 1.4; P < .001) and higher values of Visual analog scale (β = 4.2; P < .001).

Conclusions:

A high percentage of patients older than 60 years with extra-articular DRFs present PS at 2 weeks after cast removal. Our results may help physicians and physiotherapists identify risk and/or prognostic baseline factors for the occurrence of PS after DRF, and the need for a therapeutic approach that incorporates the clinical management of this condition in these patients.
Study on intelligent tyre force estimation algorithm based on strain analysis
Authors: Liu Zhihao , Ma Chaoqun , Gao Qinhe , Ma Dong , Liu Shuangqing
Published: September 2024

The objective of this paper is to propose a novel approach to develop an algorithm for estimating the grounding force between a tyre and the road surface. First, a finite element model of a heavy-duty tyre is developed in this paper, and the validity of the model is verified by load application tests and mechanical vibration tests. When the tyres are operated under various operating conditions, that is, load, side deflection, side tilt and longitudinal slip conditions, the sensitivity analysis is performed by combining the three-directional forces based on the strain curves measured when the tyres are rolling, respectively. In order to achieve accurate estimation of the three-directional forces, this paper establishes a three-directional force estimation model using the support vector machine (SVM) technique, with the tyre force-sensitive eigenvalues as inputs and the tyre forces as outputs, so as to achieve the three-directional force estimation of the tyre-grounded three-directional forces. joint estimation of tyre-road contact force. The results show that the estimation error of vertical force is 1.79%, the estimation error of lateral force is 3%, the estimation error of longitudinal force is 4.65% and in general, the estimation error of grounding force is kept within 5%, and the estimation effect is good.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging With a Novel Hip Flexion Scanning Position for Diagnosing Proximal Hamstring Tendinopathy
Authors: Jokela Aleksi , Niemi Pekka , Koski Ilona , Kosola Jussi , Valle Xavier , Pruna Ricard , Orava Sakari , Pedret Carles , Balius Ramon , Pasta Giulio , Sinikumpu Juha-Jaakko , Mäkelä Keijo , Lempainen Lasse
Published: September 2024

Background:

Making a diagnosis of proximal hamstring tendinopathy (PHT) may be challenging, as patients with correlating clinical symptoms may have normal or minimal findings on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of a novel hip flexion (HF) scanning position on the MRI diagnosis of PHT. It was hypothesized that the HF position, which simulates the symptom-provoking sitting position, would reveal PHT pathology more accurately than the standard scanning position.

Study Design:

Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Patients with chronic PHT symptoms were included. Chronicity was defined as symptoms that were present for >3 months. Each patient underwent an MRI in 2 parts: (1) the standard pelvic examination in the supine position and (2) the novel HF position in which the patient lays on his or her side with the hip at 90° of flexion. Tendon insertion areas of the semimembranosus and the biceps femoris were analyzed independently by 2 experienced musculoskeletal radiologists, and the findings were classified as normal, tendinosis, or rupture. The MRI findings for both the standard and HF positions were compared in every patient, and the percentage of different diagnoses between the 2 MRI positions was reported.

Results:

In total, 38 patients (67 tendons) were analyzed. In 71% of the patients, the HF position revealed more severe injury than the standard position. The HF position showed a rupture in 16% of the tendons, with findings classified as tendinosis in the standard position. Of the tendons diagnosed as normal in the standard position, 6% were classified as rupture and 11% as tendinosis in the HF position.

Conclusion:

The novel HF scanning position offered additional value in the diagnosis of PHT in symptomatic patients when compared with the standard hip-in-neutral position. This position can improve the diagnostics of PHT, especially if an athlete or an active patient with gluteal area pain has normal or minimal MRI findings in the standard position.
The Rise or Decline of Social Acceptance? Perspective from U.S. Presidential Elections, 2012 to 2020
Authors: Dodson Kyle , Brooks Clem
Published: September 2024

Recent acts of racial violence, the growing visibility of nationalized white power movements, and a drift toward a number of more restrictive laws and Supreme Court rulings have raised troubling questions about the significance and influence of social acceptance in the United States. Focusing on voters and elections, an important strain of scholarship has argued that declining acceptance of minority groups and marginalized communities contributed to the political rise of Donald Trump and his 2016 election to the presidency. However, the argument that low levels of social acceptance benefited Republican candidates is premised on a basic yet untested assumption: that social acceptance has decreased over the time period covered by the past several elections. In this study, we offer a new and systematic evaluation of this assumption through an analysis of change in the level of social acceptance within the American electorate and its political influence from the 2012 through 2020 elections. The analysis focuses on key target groups that include racial minorities, women, immigrants, and gay and lesbian individuals. We find that voters adopted more supportive and inclusive positions toward these marginalized social groups, resulting in a substantial increase in social acceptance over time. Contrasting further with much of the commentary regarding the rise of Donald Trump, our analysis indicates that these trends in social acceptance served to hurt Trump and to help his Democratic opponents. Supplemental analyses find little evidence that social desirability influences the measures of social acceptance or their estimated influence on voter choice.
Taming the Chimaera–Hydra: disconnecting from the net to fortify our mental health
Authors: Ioannidis Konstantinos , Fineberg Naomi A. , Chamberlain Samuel R.
Published: September 2024

In our ever digitalising society, our engagement with the online world has significant potential to have a negative impact on our mental health. Although the roles of public health and psychiatry are debated, clinicians are in a strategic position to assess usage and intervene, to prevent harms from problematic engagement with the internet.
Δημοκρατία και αγορά
Authors: Πρωτόπαπας Σταύρος
Published: September 2024

Στη δίνη των χαμένων βεβαιοτήτων, δεν επιτρέπονται περιθώρια αμφιβολίας. Όσο οι δυνάμεις του εξω-ευρωπαϊκού, αντι-δημοκρατικού κόσμου ενισχύονται και το κοινωνικοοικονομικό παράδειγμα της ακραίας εκδοχής της αγοράς θεμελιώνεται ενδοκοινοτικά, ένας κατεξοχήν τόπος δημοκρατικής κοινωνικής οργάνωσης, ο ευρωπαϊκός, συρρικνώνεται. Η επέκταση της δημοκρατίας από την πολιτική στην οικονομία, «ένα ατελές πρόγραμμα που ο φασισμός κατήργησε πλήρως», όπως επισημαίνει ο Polanyi, συνεχίζει να αναστέλλεται. Όχι πολύ πριν από την πανδημική κρίση και την εισβολή στην Ουκρανία, η νοηματοδότηση της κρίσης στη ζώνη του κοινού νομίσματος και η διαχείρισή της φαίνεται να δέσμευσαν τη διαδικασία της ευρωπαϊκής ολοκλήρωσης σε μια συγκεκριμένη τροχιά εξέλιξης, υπαγορεύοντας έναν συγκεκριμένο τρόπο κοινωνικής οργάνωσης. Η δέσμευση αυτή, τόσο αισθητή στην Ελλάδα, αποτελεί το αντικείμενο αυτής της μονογραφίας. Πέρα από το πλαίσιο μιας συγκυριακής κρίσης της παγκόσμιας οικονομίας, πέρα από το πλαίσιο των γνωστών διαχρονικών ατελειών του ενωσιακού οικοδομήματος ή των διαχρονικών παθογενειών της χώρας μας, ο μηχανισμός αυτής της δέσμευσης, η μορφή, η ένταση και οι συνέπειές της, οι σχετικές αντιστάσεις και οι προοπτικές που πλέον δρομολογεί, εντοπίζονται, αναδεικνύονται και ερμηνεύονται σε έντεκα κεφάλαια. Η μελέτη υπακούει σε έναν απαράβατο όρο. Δεν εναντιώνεται κατ’ αρχήν στις φιλοσοφικές αρχές, τις ιδέες και τις πρακτικές του νεοφιλελευθερισμού. Αντιθέτως, επιστρατεύει το δικό του λεξιλόγιο. Και με τον τρόπο αυτό παρατηρεί ex-post την επικράτηση ενός κοινωνικοοικονομικού παραδείγματος και την εκ νέου εναπόθεση βεβαιοτήτων και προσδοκιών σε αυτό. Και συμπεραίνει πως, αντίθετα από οποιαδήποτε υπόσχεσή του για υποτιθέμενη ευμάρεια, το συγκεκριμένο κοινωνικοοικονομικό παράδειγμα, ως ένα «ισχυρό πλέγμα εννοιολογικών, θεωρητικών, πειραματικών, μεθοδολογικών [...] ακόμη και “σχεδόν μεταφυσικών” παραδοχών» (Kuhn, 1970, σελ. 41-42), δεν προωθεί την οικονομική ανάπτυξη για την κοινωνία, δεν λειτουργεί και αρθρώνεται, όχι στην υποχώρηση ή την απουσία του πολιτικού, αλλά γύρω από έναν ιδιότυπο μετασχηματισμό του.
Βιοδείκτες ακτινοευαισθησίας στον καρκίνο του ορθού
Authors: Καβάζης Χρήστος
Published: September 2024

Η αντιμετώπιση του καρκίνου του ορθού βασίζεται πλέον σε ποικιλία μεθόδων. Στην εποχή της εξατομικευμένης αντιμετώπισης και των στοχευμένων θεραπειών μείζονα ρόλο διαδραματίζουν οι μοριακοί βιοδείκτες για την αναγνώριση των όγκων με μοριακά χαρακτηριστικά που καθιστούν πιθανή την ευνοϊκότερη την ανταπόκρισή τους σε συγκεκριμένες θεραπείες. Τα διηθούντα τον όγκο λεμφοκύτταρα (TILs) αποτελούν εύχρηστους και σχετικά οικονομικούς βιοδείκτες. Σκοπός της παρούσας μελέτης είναι αρχικά η ανάδειξη του πιθανού συσχετισμού αυτής της κατηγορίας βιοδεικτών του μικροπεριβάλλοντος, με την ακτινοευαισθησία ή ακτινοανθεκτικότητα των νεοπλασιών του ορθού σε βραχέα υποκλασματοποιημένα σχήματα ακτινοθεραπείας, προσφέροντας έτσι επιπλέον δεδομένα στη συνεχώς επεκτεινόμενη βάση δεδομένων των μοριακών βιοδεικτών και συμβάλλοντας στην κατανόηση, επιλογή και εξατομικευμένη αντιμετώπιση των όγκων του ορθού που αναμένεται να χαρακτηρίσει τη σύγχρονη εποχή και το μέλλον της ογκολογίας.
Μαρία Κάλλας, bel canto και αρχαιοελληνικό δράμα
Authors: Παπαδημητρίου Δήμητρα-Ρωξάνη
Published: September 2024

Το αντικείμενο της παρούσας έρευνας, όπως αναγράφεται στον τίτλο, εστιάζει στην καλλιτεχνική προσωπικότητα της Μαρίας Κάλλας, στη σχέση της με την ιταλική σχολή τραγουδιού bel canto και τις εμπνευσμένες από το αρχαιοελληνικό δράμα όπερες, τις οποίες εκείνη ερμήνευσε στη διάρκεια της σταδιοδρομίας της. Στόχος της έρευνας εδώ είναι να διασαφηνιστούν ζητήματα ορολογίας και χρονικής οριοθέτησης του ιδιώματος του bel canto, ώστε να αποδειχθεί εάν και σε ποιον βαθμό η Κάλλας υπήρξε σημαντική εκπρόσωπος της σχολής αυτής. Περαιτέρω, η έρευνα εστιάζει στη σχέση της όπερας με τα αρχαιοελληνικά δράματα, μέσω μίας συγκριτικής μελέτης των σχετικών πηγών, με αφορμή τα τρία οπερικά έργα από το ρεπερτόριο της Κάλλας, των οποίων η θεματολογία αντλείται από τους αρχαιοελληνικούς μύθους: Alceste και Iphigénie en Tauride του Christoph Willibald Gluck και Medea του Luigi Cherubini.
Learning Resilience in Adult Education
Authors: Bzymek Agnieszka
Published: September 2024

The following article presents a pedagogical conceptualisation of resilience. In reference to adult education, this category will be analysed as a reflection grounded in an empirical study. Using the autobiographical method, I presented narrative interviews conducted with individuals under the care of the Daily Support Centre in Poland. Narrative biography has not only become a tool for learning about the stories of senior citizens but, for them, it was also a way of learning resilience, fulfilling an autotherapeutic function. In the article, I present the theoretical framework of the phenomenon in question and collate it to the functioning of elderly persons, thus demonstrating that the socio-emotional development in late old age is not only possible, but particularly desirable in the face of uncertainty, loneliness and the mental requirements of the modern world (Dominice, 2007, pp. 28–29). The adopted autobiographical method is treated as one of the forms of support. Therefore, the Author does not refer in detail to the analyses of the conducted interviews, taking into account their extensiveness. I indicate only selected  aspects without performing a complete research analysis of the presented narrations, referring mainly to the central analytical categories: risk factors and protective factors. The article also contains other suggestions for shaping resilience in adults. Finally, it was created based on research experience on humans; regenerative and learning abilities in late adulthood.
Hypodontia and Hyperdontia as Examples of Developmental Disorders in Tooth Number: Literature Review and Clinical Case Reports
Authors: Wojda Martyna , Wielgosz Aleksandra
Published: September 2024

Introduction and purpose: Hypodontia and hyperdontia are two common developmental dental anomalies characterized by an abnormal number of teeth and they present a significant challenge in dentistry, affecting both the functionality and aesthetics of the dentition. Hypodontia refers to the congenital absence of one or more teeth, while hyperdontia is characterized by the presence of supernumerary teeth in the oral cavity. These conditions can lead to various complications, such as bite issues, speech disorders, and difficulties in daily functioning.
 
State of knowledge: Tooth number anomalies can have various causes, ranging from evolutionary reduction in dentition due to lifestyle changes over the years. The reduction in the number of teeth is currently among the most common developmental dental defects. Environmental factors also influence tooth number, acting as either local or general factors. Genetic influences should also be considered, as hypodontia and hyperdontia can be hereditary, and gender also plays a role in the predisposition to these conditions. Numerical anomalies in teeth can also be a symptom of certain genetically determined syndromes.
Summary: Hypodontia and hyperdontia are examples of developmental disorders related to the number of teeth in the oral cavity, with various underlying causes. Diagnosis and subsequent treatment are crucial in managing these conditions. These disorders may require long-term therapies involving different areas of dentistry and interdisciplinary cooperation or may simply require ongoing clinical and radiological observation. Treatment depends on the severity of the disorder and the individual needs of the patient. However, thanks to advances in diagnosis and treatment, it is possible to effectively prevent complications.
The effect of isotretinoin on the development of depression in patients after anti-acne treatment
Authors: Paprocki Michał , Mataczyńska Anna , Paprocki Jakub , Nowakowska Maria , Arciszewska Klaudia , Dobosz Mateusz , Pieniążek Jakub Maciej , Padkowska Aleksandra , Szpernalowska Anna , Buczkowski Jakub
Published: September 2024

This paper reviews the existing scientific literature on the relationship between isotretinoin, a vitamin A derivative used to treat severe acne, and the development of depression in patients undergoing treatment. Isotretinoin is highly effective for cases of treatment-resistant acne due to its anti-inflammatory, antibacterial properties, and ability to regulate sebum secretion and keratinization. However, its use is also associated with numerous adverse effects, particularly psychiatric disorders, including depression. The connection between isotretinoin use and the onset of depressive symptoms remains controversial, with studies providing conflicting evidence. This review aims to critically examine the current research to clarify the potential risks of depression associated with isotretinoin.
Does Supply Concentration Encourage Cooperation? Evidence from Airlines
Authors: Argyres Nicholas , Gil Ricard , Zanarone Giorgio
Published: September 2024

One of a firm’s key strategic decisions is whether to concentrate its input purchases in a small number of suppliers versus spreading them among many suppliers. We propose that supplier concentration solves an interfirm free-riding problem: By internalizing externalities between suppliers, it incentivizes buyer-supplier cooperation. Guided by a simple theoretical model, we investigate this hypothesis on slot exchanges between major airlines and their outsourced regional airline partners during inclement weather, a setting where externalities between suppliers are ubiquitous. We find robust evidence that a regional airline engages in more frequent slot exchanges with its major airline partner when it operates a larger share of the major’s outsourced flights. We also find that this positive effect of concentration on mutual cooperation increases in the size of the externalities between regionals. Our results suggest that, in contrast with Porter’s classic five forces framework, supplier concentration can serve as a governance instrument for buyer-supplier collaborations. More broadly, our paper provides novel evidence on task concentration as a tool to solve free-riding problems in multiagent settings.

This paper was accepted by Joshua Gans, business strategy.

Funding: This paper received financial support from the Spanish Research Agency (MICIU/AEI) [Grants PID2022-136983NB-I00, MCIN/AEI /10.13039/501100011033].

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.03455 .
Expectation Formation Under Uninformative Signals
Authors: Kieren Pascal , Weber Martin
Published: September 2024

How do individuals process nondiagnostic information? According to Bayes’ theorem, signals that do not carry relevant information are treated as if no signal occurred. This paper provides evidence that individuals update their expectations even after observing uninformative signals. Importantly, the direction in which they update depends on the valence of the signal. Prior beliefs become more optimistic after desirable uninformative signals and more pessimistic after undesirable uninformative signals. Our results provide novel insights why individuals form and entertain false beliefs in environments in which potentially new information is easily accessible but costly to verify (e.g., online media).

This paper was accepted by George Wu, behavioral economics and decision analysis.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.03367 .
Correction of C-shaped scoliosis of the thoracic spine in children of primary school age using Schroth therapy
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Berezueva Tetiana
Published: September 2024

Research and analysis of scientific and methodical literature showed an increase in problems and diseases of the musculoskeletal system in children of primary school age. During the period of rapid growth, it is important to diagnose the disease in time and take measures for the treatment and rehabilitation of the child. After analyzing the methods of diagnosing diseases of the musculoskeletal system in children and correcting disorders, we got acquainted with the most effective methods and means of physical therapy for the correction of deformations and found out the differences in approaches to the problem and imperfections in the selection of methods for correcting children’s motor condition. During the research, we theoretically substantiated and developed an algorithm for the use of physical therapy for the rehabilitation of children with scoliosis. A comprehensive program of physical therapy for children of primary school age with C-shaped scoliosis of the thoracic spine has been developed and implemented. The set of measures was based on a combination of modern methods and means of physical rehabilitation and the proven effectiveness of using exercises according to the Schroth method to form and consolidate the skill of correct posture in everyday life. Application of the Schroth technique helps to fix the correct position of the back, improves posture, eliminates cosmetic defects, reduces pain, normalizes breathing and improves respiratory function, stops the development of scoliosis, gives an opportunity to raise self-esteem and improve the psychological state of the patient, teaches control over one’s own body, improves quality of life . The results obtained after the implementation of the physical therapy program made it possible to reduce the degree of manifestation of postural disorders, improve the child’s physical fitness and help to confirm that postural disorders in elementary school children are successfully corrected with the help of the proposed physical therapy program. Also, the results of the study can be useful during the further study of this topic and the development and study of new methods of physical rehabilitation for postural disorders in children and adults.
The essence and models of blended learning in Ukraine
Authors:   SHEE ", Novikova Kateryna ,   Donbas State Pedagogical University"
Published: September 2024

This research is dedicated to studying the essence, content, and models of blended learning actively used in the Ukrainian educational space. During the literature analysis on this topic, the authors of the article found out that higher education institutions in Ukraine, due to aggressive environmental factors (COVID-19 pandemic, full-scale military invasion), have been forced to implement various models and technologies of blended learning. Currently, both students and instructors find this form of education suitable because it combines classroom, distance, and online learning methodologies by actively integrating interactive technologies into the educational process. Blended learning methodologies ensure a harmonious combination of classroom and distance learning, which ensures effectiveness and guarantees the safety of higher education seekers during wartime. It has been established that through active utilization of interactive technologies, blended learning allows students to independently model their educational process, positively influencing the development of creative abilities and critical thinking. Based on an in-depth analysis of all blended learning methodologies and global experience, this article characterizes the following blended learning methodologies actively implemented in Ukrainian higher education institutions (Face-to-Face Model, Rotation Model, Flex Model, Online Lab, Self-Blend Model, Online Driver Model). The significance and necessity of developing methodological, theoretical, and methodological issues in the realm of blended learning implementation as an innovative educational model that combines and complements the advantages of interactive and traditional education have been determined.
Motivational priorities for developing a sense of national identity of schoolchildren, university students and cadets through combat horting
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Otravenko Olena , Dikhtyarenko Zoia ,   State Tax University, Yeryomenko Eduard ,   State Tax University
Published: September 2024

The article focuses on the priority tasks of the research topic, including increase of motivation for physical culture lessons, physical education and sports, development of a sense of national identity of schoolchildren, university students and cadets by means of combat horting, popularisation and preservation of national traditions and values of Ukrainians. The authors provide an analysis and synthesis of the concepts of ‘motivation’, ‘national identity’, identify motivational priorities, conduct a survey and provide recommendations for developing a sense of national identity in schoolchildren, university students and cadets, including as follows: 1. Patriotism and love for the Motherland (respect for national symbols and traditions, competitors and coaches; preservation of cultural heritage. 2. Formation of national identity and self-awareness (sense of belonging: horting promotes a sense of belonging to the nation, emphasising the originality and uniqueness of Ukrainian culture; pride in national achievements: participation in competitions and victories in international arenas creates a sense of pride in one's country. 3. Development of civic consciousness: active citizenship: Young people involved in horting often participate in social projects and volunteer initiatives, which promotes active citizenship. 4. Responsibility for the society: horting activities develop a sense of responsibility for the safety and well-being of their community and country as a whole. 5. Personal development and self-improvement: training willpower and self-discipline: Regular training contributes to the development of willpower, selfdiscipline and perseverance. 6. Developing leadership skills: Horting develops leadership skills, the ability to make decisions and lead others. 7. Social integration and cohesion: development of team spirit: Team training and competitions contribute to the development of skills of cooperation, mutual support and team spirit. 8. Social support and mutual help: Participants in a horting club often support each other not only during training, but also in everyday life, forming strong social bonds. 9. Physical health and safety: Improving health: Regular physical activity improves the health of young people, contributing to a healthy lifestyle. 10. Self-defence skills: Horting teaches young people self-defence skills that increase their self-confidence and safety in everyday life.
Preparation of youth leaving care for independent life: socio-pedagogical challenges
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Tuntuieva Svitlana , Lytvynova Nataliia ,   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University
Published: September 2024

The article summarizes and outlines the socio-pedagogical challenges related to the preparation of young people leaving care for independent life. The main factors that contribute to the successful socialization of an orphaned child, regardless of the form of its placement, are revealed: the state of physical and mental health, the presence of well-off relatives capable of supporting a young person during the period of initial adaptation, certain material assets, social competence, educational success, professional determination and obtaining a professional education, prospects for employment in the chosen profession, the availability of skills in organizing one's own leisure time, the availability of a specialist who provides professional support. The causes of difficulties during the entry of a young person from among orphans, children deprived of parental care into the system of social relations at the independent level are determined. The problems that appear at the beginning of the independent life of a young person are analyzed. Young people who come out of care and live independently from alternative forms of education are faced with a choice of life path, professional education and further employment. The criteria for youth readiness for independent life are considered to be if a young person obtains or has obtained a profession, has a job and a stable income, has housing, possesses social skills, possesses life skills, and is emotionally stable. The most important principles of the process of preparing for independence are substantiated: «Learning in action» – this principle means acquiring various abilities and skills during practical activities, which are then jointly analyzed and brought to the theoretical level; «Learn to interact» – the principle involves gaining practical knowledge about the differences that exist between people, learning to work in a team and encouraging cooperation with others; «Learning to learn» – the principle involves acquiring the skills of searching for information and processing it, recognizing the huge potential of new important knowledge and skills in others and in oneself, analyzing one's own experience.