bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gravitational Waves from Inflation
Authors:   , Mylova Maria
Published: May 2021

The focus of this work is on the topic of gravitational wave cosmology. We look for new observational signatures for primordial gravitational waves and especially for frameworks that can produce an enhanced tensor spectrum. In such cases, the gravitational wave energy density can enter within the sensitivity curves of gravi-tational wave detectors or it could leave a measurable imprint in the polarization pattern of the Cosmic Microwave Background radiation. This is very important as more sensitive, next generation experiments are expected to make indirect and direct measurements of the primordial stochastic gravitational wave background.Our investigation showed that an enhanced tensor amplitude can be achieved, within the framework of the Horndeski theory, if there is a short period where slow-roll inﬂation is violated. We considered a model of kinetically driven inﬂation where for a short time the scalar ﬁeld velocity is heavily time-dependent. During that time the would-be decaying tensor mode becomes a growing mode. Analysis of the bispectrum showed that this can lead to sizeable tensor non-Gaussianities.We also considered possible realizations of the eﬀective ﬁeld theory of Scalar-Tensor gravity. In particular, we looked for a setup up of operators that could lead to the enhancement of parity violating eﬀects for tensors. We introduced modiﬁcations to gravity which enabled us to parametrically approach the scale at which maximal parity violation occurs. Using the mathematical machinery for eﬀective ﬁeld theories we showed that sub-leading quadratic operators can become important signalling the presence of the Chern Simons instability. This inevitably implies the existence of non-trivial cubic interactions which could stand the theory strongly coupled at energies not far above the energy scale of inﬂation. Consequently, this can lead to large parity violation in tensor non-Gaussianity.
Présentation du dossier - La pandémie : hasard ou signification?
Authors: Landowski Eric
Published: May 2021

Existe-t-il un seul magazine grand public, une seule revue de sciences humaines, sociales ou politiques qui, entre mars 2020 et février 2021, année interminable, n’ait pas publié un numéro spécial sur l’actuelle pandémie ? Tout près de nous, le thème a été abordé, entre autres, par Degrés, revue internationale de sémiologie dont le dernier numéro, daté septembre 2020, avait été précédé, dès avril, dans E/C (la revue de l’Association italienne d’études sémiotiques), par un « journal sémiotique de la pandémie ». Dans ce contexte, le présent dossier, fruit du premier Forum d’Acta Semiotica tenu en juin 2020, ne vient-il pas s’ajouter un peu tard à une masse déjà suffisante d’interprétations, de commentaires et d’analyses ?Ou peut-être, au contraire, un peu trop prématurément étant donné que pour saisir en profondeur les divers aspects de ce drame qui se prolonge et sans cesse rebondit, nous manquons toujours autant de recul.
L’accidente e il sistema. Forme di narrazione dell’epidemia
Authors: Ferraro Guido
Published: May 2021

Plan:Premesse1. Eventi locali o mutamento di sistema ?2. Una questione di architetture narrative3. Tre fasi : Classe Alfa – Gamma – Beta4. Due tipi di sapere5. La questione dell’accidentalitàConclusione : partendo dalla fine
TOMAS HOBBES Y LA TEORÍA CONTRACTUALISTA DEL ESTADO
Authors: GRANDA ARCINIEGA DANIEL
Published: May 2021

En este trabajo se presenta la concepción materialista de Hobbes y sus consecuencias en la conducta racional del hombre. Se analiza la hipotética situación del hombre en el estado de naturaleza, como un estado de guerra. También se revisa el contrato social como una necesidad racional del hombre para construir el poder artificial y con el cual se auto obliga a la obediencia. Por último, se estudiarán las atribuciones del Estado absoluto para lograr imponer la paz y la seguridad entre los hombres.
EL DERECHO HUMANITARIO Y LA OBEDIENCIA DEBIDA
Authors: MONCAYO GALLEGOS PACO
Published: May 2021

Las experiencias de horror vividas en las grandes guerras europeas y en las regiones de los Balcanes, Oriente Medio y África principalmente, así como frecuentes actos de represión violenta ejercidos por algunos agentes de seguridad, obligan a una vigilancia y desarrollo permanente del Derecho Internacional de los Derechos Humanos y del Derecho Internacional Humanitario. Un elemento fundamental, al momento de establecer responsabilidades, en el juzgamiento de delitos en estas materias, constituye la relación existente entre los que mandan y quienes están obligados a obedecer. Para que el Derecho sea aplicado a cabalidad y las instituciones de seguridad puedan cumplir sus misiones en el marco de la ley, estos temas deben ocupar un espacio preferente en sus sistemas de formación y perfeccionamiento.
EL CIBERESPACIO, DURANTE Y DESPUÉS DE LA PANDEMIA COVID-19
Authors: BARTOLOMÉ MARIANO , MONTEIRO LIMA ANDRÉ GUSTAVO
Published: May 2021

El surgimiento de la pandemia Covid-19, en diciembre de 2019 en China y su posterior expansión a nivel mundial, representó un fuerte impacto en los hábitos de toda la población. Las relaciones sociales virtuales, que ya estaban aumentando, se expandieron y pasaron a formar parte de nuestra rutina, convirtiéndose en un lugar común para el trabajo, la educación, la salud y otros campos de la actividad humana. En el escaso tiempo de un año, la infraestructura cibernética soportó un flujo de información muchas veces más grande que el que teníamos hasta entonces. Este artículo tiene como objetivo evaluar la relación entre la pandemia y el campo de la ciberseguridad durante el año 2020.
«Poéticas y cánones literarios bajo el franquismo», de Fernando Larraz y Diego Santos Sánchez (eds.)
Authors: Iñiguez Egido Alain
Published: May 2021

Reseña del libro Poéticas y cánones literarios bajo el franquismo (Madrid, Iberoamericana/Vervuert, 2021), de Fernando Larraz y Diego Santos Sánchez (eds.)
India’s demographic dividend or disaster? Mismanaged factors of production—Land, labor, infrastructure, cities
Authors: Chhibber Ajay
Published: May 2021

India entered its so-called demographic dividend around 2005—expected to last until 2055. India has already utilized almost a third of the period of its demographic dividend—it saw a period of explosive growth from 2003–2012—but has not been able to sustain that growth. And since 2012, growth has generated less and less employment, as it has turned inward, and so it is not helping the working-age population get usefully employed. The labor force participation rate for women has been low and is now falling. What can be done to use India’s underlying factors of production better to generate greater, more inclusive, and sustained prosperity for its citizens? These second-generation reforms are not easy, as they need cooperative federalism and much broader consensus, but without them India’s demographic dividend may become a disaster.
Estudio de la comunicación en la evaluación de los diarios de prácticas que favorecen la argumentación
Authors: Cebrián Robles Daniel , Pérez Galán Rafael , Cebrián de la Serna Manuel
Published: May 2021

Nada mejor para establecer un aprendizaje integrado entre los conocimientos de la facultad y las prácticas externas, que la metodología de los diarios donde los estudiantes reflexionan y argumentan sobre sus experiencias y aprendizajes. A pesar de ser estos diarios una práctica común en la mayoría de las instituciones, no siempre se realizan de forma dialógica y permanente con los tutores de la universidad, muchos menos entre los mismos estudiantes repartidos en diferentes centros, limitando así muchos de los beneficios que resultan de compartir las experiencias, más aún, el compartir las propias evaluaciones. El estudio con diseño cualitativo pretende analizar los resultados de las conversaciones entre tutor y estudiante en el momento de la evaluación, y el impacto de esta metodología para guiar y evaluar la reflexión y la argumentación sobre la práctica. Se analizaron 192 diarios estudiantes, y las 128 anotaciones que generaron desde análisis cualitativo con técnicas “Q-análisis”. De las conclusiones más relevantes encontramos que se observa con claridad los cambios de mejora de la argumentación durante las catorce semanas. Al tiempo que, se presenta una metodología de rúbrica como el contenido de la misma para el seguimiento y evaluación de los diarios con criterios de argumentación.
Profesjonell muntlighet som etisk forpliktelse i relasjonell profesjonspraksis
Authors: Schøien Kristin Solli
Published: May 2021

This position paper presents Professional Orality (PO) as a basic relational competence and ethical obligation in professional practice. PO is of central importance for communication in relational phonic professions where the practitioner is depending on the personal voice in contact with others in his daily work. PO assembles the central linguistic and nonverbal parts that constitute oral communication and is considered as a field of scientific knowledge and specialized skill that can be trained, verified and assessed. PO appears as a transdisciplinary field of knowledge as well as a multimodal complex form of expression consisting of trainable skills, practice based performative knowledge and trustworthy oral presence. This paper argues that establishing the knowledge field PO contributes to strengthens practitioners’ ethical responsibility for their own oral communication practice and, therefore, contributes to the possibility to make students become aware of the importance of artistic precision and trustworthiness in professional oral communication in different educational contexts. Five claims about professional orality are brought forward in order to establish an understanding of oral utterances as different from written ones, and to anchor the professionalisation of oral expression skills as a professional ethical obligation in education. It is argued that oral skills can be developed, trained and assessed in educational contexts adapted to an understanding of orality as a performative, bodily and simultaneous mode of expression. Specific challenges and opportunities related to such training are pointed out, and the consequences of these are discussed. Finally, critical perspectives on the field of knowledge professional orality are mentioned, and areas for further research in PO are suggested.
СТРАТЕГИИ СОХРАНЕНИЯ БИОРАЗНООБРАЗИЯ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ РАЗНОГО МАСШТАБА: МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ АСПЕКТ
Authors: Розенберг Г.С. , Кавеленова Л.М. , Костина Н.В. , Прохорова Н.В. , Розенберг А.Г.
Published: May 2021

Без аннотации
ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ЖИВОТНЫХ В ПОВСЕДНЕВНОЙ ЖИЗНИ И ПОГРЕБАЛЬНОЙ ПРАКТИКЕ В КОГУРЁ
Authors: Стоякин М.А.
Published: May 2021

На основе доступной информации по остаткам животных с поселений и погребений раннесредневекового государства Когурё в статье раскрыта роль
диких и домашних животных в жизнеобеспечении когурёского населения,
а также особенности их использования в погребальной практике Когурё.
На примере городища Хорогору в Южной Корее выявлен состав домашнего
стада, включавший 4 вида. Собранная информация по костям животных из
погребений на территории Кореи и Китая позволила показать разнообразный характер использования домашних и диких животных в погребальном
обряде. В ходе сопоставления остеологических данных с бохайских памятников выявлены общие черты в составе домашнего стада, использовании
лошади в погребальном обряде двух культур. Полученные результаты подтвердили и дополнили обрывочные сведения из письменных и изобразительных источников по животным в Когурё.
Ключевые слова: Когурё, Бохай, костные остатки животных, домашние животные, дикие животные, поселение, погребальный обряд
ПОДЛИННОЙ РЕВОЛЮЦИИ НЕ БЫЛО: ТЕНДЕНЦИЯ АНАРХИЗМА В ПРОСВЕТИТЕЛЬСКОЙ ФИЛОСОФИИ СИЛЬВЕНА МАРЕША
Authors: Кротов А.А.
Published: May 2021

Руссоист, национальный гвардеец, журналист, участник «заговора равных», Сильвен Марешаль приобрел популярность своими выпадами против королевской власти и церкви. Кодекс законов он ставил выше личности монарха. Осуждая роскошь, клерикализм и политический произвол, он
эволюционировал от республиканизма к одной из форм анархизма. В своей
философии истории он обращался к идее «золотого века». Создание государства, по Марешалю, подрывает свободу. Благополучие человеческого рода он связывал с возвратом к прошлому, к естественному состоянию.
С его точки зрения, хотя французская революция и свергла монархию, но
она не принесла настоящего равенства, не упразднила деление на слуг и
господ. Поэтому подлинная революция, возвращающая людям свободу,
еще впереди, она еще не совершена. Свою философию истории Марешаль
выстраивает исходя из атеистической концепции бытия. Преобразованное
опытом свершившейся революции, просветительское наследие получает в
философии Марешаля новое истолкование: намереваясь предложить более
глубокое понимание равенства, он радикализирует идеи недавнего прошлого, доводит их до крайней точки.
Ключевые слова: Сильвен Марешаль, французская философия, философия
истории, французская революция XVIII в.
The mechanism of integration interaction between a bank and an insurance company (for example "Sovcombank Insurance" JSC)
Authors: Оtnyukova Marine Selbertovna , Smirnov Andrey Igorevich
Published: May 2021

The article examines the theoretical and practical aspects of the integration interaction between an insurance company and a bank. The process of integrating the resources of "Liberty Insurance" JSC by "Sovcombank" Group is analyzed; the causes and consequences are identified. The directions of further development of the established company "Sovcombank Insurance" JSC, aimed at improving the efficiency and profitability of the business, are listed. The main advantage for "Sovcombank Insurance" JSC is the synergy with all the bank's business lines for further development of products and services. For Sovcombank PJSC, it is the consolidation and completion of a large – scale business transformation, turning into a universal bank that provides a full range of services.
Communication as existential and social phenomenon in the philosophy of the XX century
Authors: Loginova Elena Gennadyevna , Gvozdeva Elena Nikolaevna
Published: May 2021

The article provides the results of a comparative study of the main theories of language and communication in the philosophical thought of the twentieth century. The authors focus on the social significance of the considered phenomena, their role in the transformation and consolidation of society. An analysis of the ideas of existentialist thinkers, analytical philosophy, the theory of communicative action by J. Habermas and others shows their relevance and practical importance for creating a universal mechanism for the development of modern society based on the principles of agreement, mutual understanding and openness.
Man as a subject of creative activity in the conditions of the formation of a digital risomatic society
Authors: Merzlyakova Irina Leonidovna
Published: May 2021

A new digital ideology is being actively introduced into the consciousness of modern society, which determines the direction of sociocultural development of modern society and man, an ideology in which a person, in order to survive must correspond to the techno-environment or as it is called today, is rapidly developing and it is impossible to stop its growth. The term "eco-environment" is actively used by Sber, MTS and other leaders of digitalization. Digitalization gradually leads to the fact that a person as a subject of creative activity "goes into the shadows", becomes "extra" and it is replaced by something else, devoid of creative potency, thing with artificial intelligence. As part of the work presented, we have attempted to address the main problems faced by a person as a subject of creative activity; prospects and contradictions of its development in the conditions of the formation of a digital society.
Modern man in the modern world: independence vs manipulation
Authors: Pavlova Elena Leonidovna
Published: May 2021

Today we are talking about the transition to a new type of social structure, and this transition to something new always entails complexity in adaptation and some breaking of familiar stereotypes. The mankind has faced again the necessity to develop new norms. In this article, from the point of view of philosophy, one of the most complex phenomena of the modern information age, is characterized, namely: the modern stage of the human society and its role in the formation and development of human thinking, is studied and analyzed. The article analyses the processes in which the mechanisms of human interaction with the environment manifest themselves, as well as ways to address the destructive processes in the minds and behavior of modern man. Thanks to an extensive historical-philosophical and sociocultural discourse, the main milestones of the transformation of understanding and attitude of a person to the basic existential elements of his being in a crisis situation are shown.
Apophatic theological tradition and analytic theology: outlining conflicts and solutions
Authors: Sizov Sergey Eugenievich
Published: May 2021

The reason for writing the article was the book of the famous analytical theologian Thomas Morris "Our Idea of God", in which he writes Gregory Nazianzin in the camp of pessimistic theologians and criticizes apophatic theology. In our opinion, his criticism is devoid of solid foundations and apophaticism itself is understood one-sidedly, while with a closer examination, the conflict between rational and mystical reason can be at least noticeably reduced. The following text is devoted to the study of this problem field and the illustration of these theses.
The metaphysical space identity and the identity of the individual, its borders under the civilizational paradigm
Authors: Kholodova Alisa Anatolyevna
Published: May 2021

The problem of identity and identity of the individual, which exists throughout human history, is particularly acute at the intersection of epochs, when existing knowledge and skills are not enough to understand the processes taking place in society, history, and nature, and new theories and tools have not yet been developed. When a civilization was faced with a paradox, when it was decided whether to live as before or accept a new one, it was individuals who were able to go beyond identity that showed a new path. It went against the existing dogmas, against identity. Moreover, over time, man had to accept many more rules and restrictions than at the beginning of his existence. At the intersection of epochs, there was an infusion of new ideas into society. This was done by people who did not just see the future in dreams or nightmares, but were able to imagine what the implementation of a particular postulate in the life of society entails. There was a crisis that literally buried all the old ideas about the world around us and other communities. It was then that the metaphysical perception of the world took on a real form, which, nevertheless, had to be worked out for the sake of the existence of society as a whole.
Satisfaction of university graduates with the quality of education as a benchmark for optimizing the educational process
Authors: Anufrieva Natalya Ivanovna , Grigorieva Elena Ivanovna , Kamyanets Alexander Vladlenovich
Published: May 2021

The article is a generalization and analysis of some of the results of the monitoring of the satisfaction of graduates of the Russian State Social University, conducted in 2020. The results of similar monitoring carried out in other higher educational institutions are also considered. The article pays great attention to the relationship of various factors of graduates' satisfaction, corresponding to the prospects for improving the educational process based on the results of monitoring studies. The article may be of interest both for researchers of the educational process in universities and for a wide range of specialists in the field of university pedagogy.
Ways to form a favorable emotional background in the English language lesson as a health-saving factor in distance learning
Authors: Grebennikova Veronika Mikhailovna , Badrtdinova Larisa Ulfatovna , Galushko Irina Gennadievna
Published: May 2021

The article describes techniques for organizing an English lesson that help reduce stress and increase students ' motivation. Comprehensive and continuous use of the described methods is the most important condition for a comfortable stress-free environment in the classroom, which forms a healthy and successful student. The article also contains recommendations for creating a comfortable emotional background in the English lesson by means of special mini-exercises, games, and chants aimed at attracting students attention.
Reading skills in a foreign language as a stage of professional competence formation
Authors: Zhabin Dmitry Vladimirovich , Ivanova Valentina Jurievna
Published: May 2021

The paper deals with the need for new methods in foreign language teaching to students of non-linguistic universities. The article presents a strategy to optimize the foreign language lesson. As an example an algorithm with authentic technical text in German is considered. It makes possible to change the work with foreign language text. It is proposed to substitute the standard tasks to the practice-oriented, which purpose is to teach students to understand the text.
Methodological features of the preparation of primary school students for All-Russian test works in the main academic subjects
Authors: Zhuravleva Vera Viktorovna , Strelnikova Lyudmila Nikolaevna
Published: May 2021

The article deals with the organization and implementation of the assessment of educational achievements of primary school students as a component of the overall system for assessing the quality of education. The issues of evaluation of metasubject results in the framework of VPR, including the level of formation of universal educational actions and mastery of intersubject concepts, are considered. It is pointed out that at the present stage of development of the education system, monitoring studies are considered as a mechanism for providing feedback, which allows to obtain data on the compliance of the actual results of the pedagogical system with its final goals. The analysis of the performed works of students of the fourth grades is given and ways of realization of the arisen difficulties are offered.
Pedagogical conditions for the formation of educational mobility of schoolchildren
Authors: Zakusilo Aleksandra Sergeevna
Published: May 2021

The article deals with the concept of educational mobility and its role in the modern educational process. Due to the insufficient development of this concept in the theory and practice of school education, the author creates a universal structural and functional model for the formation of this skill, which is why special attention was paid to the complex of pedagogical conditions that can ensure the effective functioning of all elements of the system.
Políticas Públicas de Saúde voltadas ao Câncer de Colo de Útero no Brasil: revisão de literatura
Authors: Formigosa Lucrecia Aline Cabral , Silva Marcos Valério Santos da
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Investigar as políticas públicas de saúde voltadas para a promoção e prevenção do câncer de colo de útero (CCU), disponíveis na literatura no período de 2000 a 2020. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo de revisão integrativa das bases de dados National Library of Medicine (PUBMED), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), publicados a partir de 2000, nos idiomas inglês, português e espanhol. Excluíram-se os trabalhos repetidos e aqueles que não respondiam à pergunta de pesquisa proposta. A coleta de dados ocorreu durante o mês de janeiro/2021. Resultados: Foi possível abordar a temática do câncer cervical, no que concerne à gestão do cuidado com ênfase na atenção primária à saúde, apresentando a evolução das políticas públicas implantadas no decorrer de 20 anos. Considerações finais: As publicações revisadas demonstraram, que ao longo do período estudado, houve um esforço governamental em implementar medidas preventivas visando à redução da morbimortalidade pela doença no país, através da melhoria dos indicadores de prevenção e diagnóstico por CCU.
Középkori leletek Nagyberki-Szalacskáról I.
Authors: Varga Máté
Published: May 2021

We don’t know much about the medieval history of Szalacska up to this point. We only have some medieval stray finds from here. In the course of excavations of the 1980’s many medieval finds turned up. We can conclude that Sza-lacska was a built-up area during the 10-17th centuries on the score of research up to this point. The medieval church of the village Szalacska stood on the south part of the prehistoric for-tress and we can presume the existence of a medieval fortress also on the site.
Céhes adatok a somogyi pék- és mézesbábos mesterekről az 1810-es évektől 1869-ig
Authors: Knézy Judit
Published: May 2021

During the 18th and 19th century the guilds in Som-ogy county had developed only slowly because of the lack of cities in the region. The low number of educated baking mas-ters was also based on the fact that the practice of household bread baking remained in existence until the 1960s. Bread bak-ing was made in the 18th and 19th century by seasoned cooks-men and bread specialists. The craftsmen of the markettown Csurgó only got their landlord’s approval for creating a mixed crafts guild in 1810. The bakers and honey-cake makers of this town belonged to the so called ’German’ guild from 1814. They originated mostly from Austria and the Czeh-Moravian region, some of them were German or Slavic craftsmen from other Transdanubian regions. One or two master worked si-multanously in Csurgó. They frequently changed, most of them moved on to the guilds of bigger towns. This study on the life in such guilds is mostly based on the official guild lists and financial documents, it even includes a detailed description of a masterpiece bakery product. The later part of the study gives a rewiev of the life of the baker and honey-cake maker masters in the whole county.by the end of the guild area (1869). The study explaines the growth in the number of such craftsmen caused by the urbanisation and the increased marketing possi-bilities. It also describes the organisations among the growing numbers of tradesmen including the flour tradesmen support-ing the examined crafts guildes.
Életfordulók és közösen végzett munkák ételei és szokásai az 1940-es évektől napjainkig
Authors: Lanszkiné Széles Gabriella
Published: May 2021

The aim of this study is to investigate food prepa-ration traditions of events and occasions, based on personal discussion and provided photographs. Christeninglunch is of greater importance since 1960, as children are born in a hospital and it enables parents to spend more time with pre-paring the christening event. In the age of home birth, it was necessary to christening the child on the first or the second day of birth due to the higher mortality rate. This ensured that the child would not pass away as a pagan. Some traditions such as christening feast(paszita in Hungarian) as well as the “pal-bowl sending” also disappeared or changed since the 1960’s. Instead of food preparation for the mother during three days after childbirth, giving a higher value gift became general. The tradition modified due to the change in lifestyles. Women, working on collective farms or elsewhere, had dif-ficulties in allocating their time compared to previous periods when they worked on their own family farms. The reason for disappearing of “pal-bowl sending” may have been that the young already returned to the student dormitory, or simply were not at home since they were away for a month since the 1970’s. Holy Communion and Confirmation-related practices also adjusted to the given era, especially in case of inviting godparents living far away. Confirmation parents go to dine to the confirmee’s place. Differences are experienced in tradi-tions of weddings and “death feasts” among villages of 3-4 km distance.
Kisemlősök faunisztikai felmérése Somogy megye északkeleti részén, gyöngybagoly Tyto alba (Scopoli, 1769) köpetek vizsgálata alapján
Authors: Purger J. Jenő
Published: May 2021

Pellets were collected between 1999 and 2009, from 20 localities (investigated area: BT80, BS79, BS78, BS77, BS89 and BS88, according to 10×10 km UTM grids). In a total of 1570 Barn Owl pellets there were 4127 prey rem-nants. Small mammals were dominating (97.8%). 22 mammal species were evidented: Crocidura leucodon, C. suaveolens, Sorex araneus, S. minutus, Neomys anomalus, Talpa euro-paea, Eptesicus serotinus, Muscardinus avellanarius, Microtus agrestis, M. arvalis, M. oeconomus, M. subterraneus, Arvicola amphibius, Myodes glareolus, Apodemus agrarius, A. flavicol-lis, A. sylvaticus, A. uralensis, Micromys minutus, Mus mus-culus, M. spicilegus, Rattus norvegicus). Remnants of birds, amphibians and insects consisted 2.2 % of total prey.
Egy mai háromosztatú alföldi lakóház anyagi kultúrája
Authors: Rácz Miklós
Published: May 2021

An archaeological study of an abanadoned vernacular house in central Hungary focusing on material culture as well as the building archaeology of the traditional structures. With 20 figures.
A 15–17. századi távolsági textilkereskedelem régészeti emlékei Pápán
Authors: Mordovin Maxim
Published: May 2021

The rescue excavations carried out in the centre of Pápa produced a huge number of very different finds. among others more than one hundred cloth seals were found, which number is higher than the all other such from the territory of the whole medieval Kingdom of Hungary. These seals represent a very intensive distance trade of cloth production in 15th–17th centuries between Pápa and several important western centres of cloth-production, including Cologne, Ulm, nuremberg, arras, Hamburg etc. The finds from Pápa supplement the data known from the written sources concerning the cloth trade.
Társadalmi különbségek a Magyar Királyság központi területeinek 10–14. századi falusias településein
Authors: Rácz Tibor Ákos
Published: May 2021

Present paper analyses some aspects of hierarchy within 10th–14th centuries villages, farms and intermediate forms of habitation using mainly the data of excavations and field surveys in Pest county.
A középkori Lápafő és temploma
Authors: K. Németh András , Takács Melinda
Published: May 2021

the church of lápafő can be found on the western border of tolna county. it was first mentioned in a medieval document in 1430. the building was excavated in the calvinist cemetery of present-day lápafő in 2012. in the first, romanesque period a church with a semicircular apse was built from stones, bricks and rammed clay layers. in the late middle Ages an annex was added to the church. the full length of the building was about 18,8 meters.
Enzyvitands: evolvable biosynthetic and colorimetric chalices
Authors: Rossel Thibaud , Zhang Bing , Gobat Raphael
Published: May 2021

Designing the perfect sensor is the dream of any chemist. Since decades, a wide diversity of chemosensors targeting analytes has been explored in chemistry. Their chemical optimization is hard and with no guarantee of success. In this context, we propose a fast and easy-to-assemble colorimetric bio-chemical receptor coined Enzyvitand. It consists only of commercial chemicals. It relies on the reunification of combinatorial chemistry, first and second coordination spheres interactions and indicators displacement assays. All harbored within a protein cavity. The sensor is highly modular, cheap and evolvable. Thanks to its solved X-ray structure, we rationally designed it for the naked-eye recognition of dopamine. Hence, our sensor imitates a biological receptor for the recognition of neurotransmitters. Its immediate high versatility and evolvability is valuable for the selective detection of a wide assortment of analytes from small molecules up to micro-organisms. For the future, we anticipate new biotechnological or immunotherapeutic applications of our bio-sensor.
Tuning Electronic Structure and Optical Properties of Li@cyclo[18]carbon Complex via Switching Doping Position of Lithium Atom
Authors: Liu Zeyu , Wang Xia , Lu Tian , Yuan Aihua , Yan Xiufen
Published: May 2021

Doping alkali metal atoms, especially lithium (Li), in nanocarbon materials has always been considered as one of the most effective methods to improve the optical properties of the system. In this theoretical work, we doped a Li atom into the recently observed all-carboatomic molecule, cyclo[18]carbon (C18), and finally obtained two stable configurations with Li inside and outside the ring. The calculation results show that the energy barrier of transition between the two Li@C18 complexes is quite low, and thus the conversion is easy to occur at ambient temperature. Importantly, the electronic structure, absorption spectrum, and optical nonlinearity of the two configurations are found to be significantly different, which indicates that the electronic structure and optical properties of the Li@C18 complex can be effectively regulated by switching the location of the doped Li atom between inside and outside the carbon ring. With the help of a variety of wave function analysis techniques, the nature of the discrepancies in the properties of the Li@C18 complex with different configurations has been revealed in depth. The relevant results of this work are expected to provide theoretical guidance for the future development of cyclocarbon-based optical molecular switches.
أثر النفط في تطور التعليم والوضع الاجتماعي للمرأة في الكويت 1946 – 1973
Authors: Ahmed Zainab , Shekho Tariq
Published: May 2021

يُعد موضوع النفط بشكل عام من المواضيع التي تتطلب المزيد من الاهتمام والبحث، لكونه مؤثراً في مجمل جوانب الحياة الاقتصادية والاجتماعية والسياسية، ولذا اخترنا موضوع "أثر النفط في تطور التعليم والوضع الاجتماعي للمرأة في الكويت 1946-1973"، إذ شهدت البلاد خلالها العديد من التغيرات نتيجة اكتشاف النفط وتصديره، ومن ثم دَر العوائد التي ساهمت في انعاش الاقتصاد الكويتي الذي بدوره ساهم في بروز تأثيرات في الواقع الاجتماعي، بعد أن صُدّر عام  1946 وانتهاءً بعام  1973 وهو العام الذي استخَّدمت فيه الدول العربية النفط كسلاح ضد الدول الغربية التي تعاطفت مع إسرائيل في حربها مع الدول العربية. فضلاً عما تقدم فالنفط يُعد أحد الموارد الطبيعية المهمة للبنية الاجتماعية ومنها الكويت، كما يُعد من المقومات الأساسية للدولة، إذ كان للتطور الاجتماعي الحاصل في الكويت نتيجة لزيادة عوائد النفط  وتأثيره في استحداث تنظيمات ومؤسسات ودوائر جديدة في الكويت بوصفها مؤسسات تعليمية من مدارس وجامعة الكويت وإرسال العديد من البعثات الدراسية الى خارج البلاد للدراسة، تلك المقومات التي غيَّرت الكثير من المفاهيم الاجتماعية تجاه المرأة الكويتية التي كانت تعيش تحت وطأة العادات والتقاليد التي حجبت دورها في المجتمع. جاءت أهمية دراسة موضوع أثر النفط في تطور التعليم والوضع الاجتماعي للمرأة في الكويت، لكون النفط يُعد من أكثر الثروات الطبيعية في العالم قيمة، لذلك سماه البعض بـ "الذهب الأسود" وقد يكون من الأفضل وصفه بشريان الحياة لأغلب البلدان، إذ يقوم عليه نشاط كبير ومتنوع تتسم بتعقيدها، وسعة آثارها السياسية والاقتصادية والاجتماعية، ويُعد العامل الاقتصادي في أغلب المراحل والحالات من أهم العوامل بل واخطرها تأثيراً في الأوضاع الاقتصادية والاجتماعية لأية دولة في العالم، ومن هذا المنطلق تهدف الدراسة إلى بيان دور عوائد النفط في تحسن الأوضاع الاقتصادية للكويت والتي بدورها أسهمت في تأسيس المدارس بمراحلها المختلفة ولكلا الجنسين البنين والبنات مما أسهمت في تغيير فكر الفئات الاجتماعية ونظرتها لمكانة المرأة ودورها في بناء الدولة والمجتمع. في ضوء ما تقدم وضعت هيكلية للدراسة تكونت من مقدمة وثلاثة مباحث  فضلاً عن الاستنتاجات، فقد خصصنا المقدمة لدراسة "اكتشاف النفط في الكويت وزيادة عوائده 1946-1973"، في حين درس المبحث الأول "مظاهر الحياة الاجتماعية في الكويت 1946-1973"، أما بالنسبة للمبحث الثاني فتصدى لدراسة "دور النفط في ظهور المؤسسات التعليمية بالكويت"، وتناول المبحث الثالث وهو الأخير "أثر النفط في تغيير واقع المرأة الكويتية".
Innovativeness as a driving force and an opportunity for economic growth
Authors: Siwek Monika
Published: May 2021

Background: The subject of the article’s research is the broadly understood idea that innovation contributes to economic growth. Economic growth is one of the most important research issues undertaken in the scope of economic sciences. Modern phenomena and socio-economic trends indicate that innovation as an element conditioning the economic growth of countries. We are forced to pay attention to factors such as knowledge, experience, creativity, and what binds them together, innovations being the products of creative effort. Innovative activities are designed to support the well-being of citizens and society, as well as to provide industry and enterprises with a competitive position on both domestic and international markets. Societies need innovation to achieve a high quality of life: new products, services, technologies, and organization systems. New products are often modelled on known ones, through specific changes, improvements, or simplifications of own or foreign products whereas new ideas, in general, have their source in knowledge.1

Research purpose: The aim of this article is an attempt to answer the research question: “why innovation is a key factor in economic development and growth?” To start with, the pioneering definition of J. Schumpeter regarding innovation in economy was reviewed, by i.a. Ph. Kotler, M.E. Porter or R.W. Griffin and selected Polish scientists. The following subchapters present types of innovation and the role of innovation processes in the modern economy, as well as results of studies convincing of the significant role of innovativeness in the economy.

Methods: Literature analysis was used as the research method. The first part reviews the terms of innovation and innovativeness.

Conclusions: The following conclusions emerge from the article: a country’s economy achievesa higher economic growth, the better it uses the resources at its disposal, such as: natural conditions, financial resources, material capital created by people, and those to which increasing importance is attached, i.e. knowledge resources: patents, scientific and expert support, human resources, skills, creative potential as well as cultural capital, meaning attitudes and values related to in­novation. Enterprises, through innovations, improve and update production processes, increase productivity, efficiency, and quality of work, which translates into higher employee remuneration. An innovative enterprise, increasing the quality of its products and the overall efficiency as well as effectiveness of its operations by improving organization and working methods, becomes more competitive on the market.
Zasada rozdzielania zysków – teoria a rzeczywistość. Ekonomia behawioralna w praktyce
Authors: Śmigielska Dorota , Grabarczyk Ewa
Published: May 2021

Przedmiot badania: Przedmiotem badania była jedna z teorii Richarda Thallera, którą zalicza się do księgowania umysłowego, jednego z zagadnień ekonomii behawioralnej. Księgowanie umysłowe, ogólnie rzecz biorąc, pokazuje sposób, w jaki ludzie podchodzą do uzyskiwanych przychodów. Richard Thaller w swojej teorii wyróżnił cztery zasady. W artykule skupiono się dokładniej na jednej z zasad tej teorii, czyli zasady rozdzielania zysków, która mówi o tym, że ludzie są bardziej zadowoleni z kilku mniejszych zysków niż z jednego większego, który jest sumą tych mniejszych.

Cel badawczy: Głównym celem badania było sprawdzenie, czy zasada rozdzielania zysków ma zastosowanie w losowo wybranej grupie osób.

Metoda badawcza: Badanie zostało przeprowadzone metodą ankietową, która została udostęp­niona online w dniach 9–20.04.2020. W badaniu wzięło udział 156 respondentów. Ankietowani wybrani byli w sposób przypadkowy. Ankieta składała się z siedmiu pytań. Trzy z nich odnosi­ły się do respondentów, pozostałe opisywały różne sytuacje z życia, w których została opisana zasada rozdzielania zysków. Ankietowani zostali pogrupowani ze względu na płeć, wiek i wy­kształcenie. Następnie w każdej z czterech opisanych sytuacji odpowiadali na dokładnie to samo pytanie, a mianowicie, czy wolą kilka mniejszych zysków, czy jeden większy będący sumą tych mniejszych. 1

Wyniki: Badanie pokazało, że wybrani losowo respondenci wolą jeden większy zysk będący sumą mniejszych zysków niż kilka mniejszych zysków o dokładnie takiej samej wartości. Takie same wyniki potwierdziły się u respondentów niezależnie od płci, wieku czy też wykształcenia. Na wyniki mogła mieć wpływ sytuacja, podczas której zostały przeprowadzone badania. Czas ten to początek kwarantanny podczas ogólnoświatowej pandemii koronawirusa. Dodatkowo znacze­nie mogły mieć przyzwyczajenia Polaków do otrzymywania przychodów z reguły nie częściej niż raz w miesiącu.
Budżet a normy prawa podatkowego
Authors: Nykiel Włodzimierz
Published: May 2021

Przedmiot badań: Niniejszy artykuł poświęcony jest wybranym relacjom prawnym i faktycz­nym zachodzącym między budżetem a normami prawa podatkowego, dotyczącym gromadzenia dochodów budżetowych. Przedmiotem badań są więc przede wszystkim normy prawne ustawy o finansach publicznych, ustawa budżetowa i sam budżet, który jest jej elementem, oraz normy prawa podatkowego. Badaniom podlega także faktyczny wpływ budżetu w toku jego wykonywa­nia na stosowanie prawa podatkowego.

Cel badawczy: Podstawowym celem artykułu jest ustalenie i ocena, na tle charakteru prawnego budżetu i właściwości norm prawa podatkowego, praktyki stosowania norm prawa podatkowego, a w szczególności odpowiedź na pytanie, czy potrzeby budżetowe mają faktyczny wpływ na sto­sowanie norm prawa podatkowego i na czym ten wpływ polega.

Metoda badawcza: Cele artykułu wyznaczają jego układ i metodę badawczą. Określenie relacji prawnych wymaga ustaleń dotyczących charakteru prawnego budżetu i cech norm prawa podat­kowego. Podstawową metodą jest w tym przypadku analiza materiału normatywnego i poglądów piśmiennictwa. Następnie sprawdzono, jak wygląda stosowanie prawa w tym zakresie, odwołując się do orzecznictwa i literatury zajmującej się praktyką.1

Wyniki: Budżet państwa jest zawarty w ustawie budżetowej i jest jej najważniejszym, choć nie­jedynym, elementem. Wśród dochodów budżetowych najważniejszą rolę odgrywają podatki. Sta­nowią one w polskim budżecie ponad 90% dochodów ogółem. Dochody podatkowe budżetu są gromadzone zgodnie z prawem podatkowym. Normy prawa podatkowego określają konstrukcję podatku i w ten sposób decydują o jego wysokości. Kwoty dochodów ujęte w budżecie mają je­dynie charakter prognoz, a „zamieszczenie w budżecie państwa dochodów z określonych źródeł lub wydatków na określone cele nie stanowi podstawy roszczeń ani zobowiązań państwa wobec osób trzecich, ani roszczeń tych osób wobec państwa” (art. 51 u.f.p.).

Praktyka wskazuje na to, że wzrost praktycznego znaczenia strony dochodowej budżetu poza gra­nice wyznaczone ustawą o finansach publicznych i dążenie do zgromadzenia jak najwyższej kwo­ty dochodów oznacza często naruszanie prawa podatkowego. W takiej sytuacji dochodzi także do łamania praw podatnika. Przykłady w tym zakresie wskazane zostały w niniejszym artykule. Naruszenia prawa podatkowego przez organy podatkowe zmierzające do maksymalizacji docho­dów budżetowych na większą skalę prowadzą do wielu niekorzystnych zjawisk. Przede wszyst­kim dochodzi do naruszenia fundamentalnej dla praworządności zasady wyrażonej w art. 7 Kon­stytucji RP, zgodnie z którym „organy władzy publicznej działają na podstawie i w granicach prawa”. Ponadto następuje zmniejszenie albo nawet utrata zaufania podatników do organów po­datkowych, czy szerzej do państwa. Naruszona zostaje również zasada pewności opodatkowania. Nie ulega również wątpliwości, że naruszanie prawa przez organy podatkowe prowadzi także do wzrostu kosztów finansowych i społecznych funkcjonowania systemu podatkowego i zakłóca owo funkcjonowanie.
Od prawa do żywności do suwerenności żywnościowej: teoretycznoprawne i organizacyjne aspekty lokalnych systemów żywnościowych
Authors: Pruchniewicz Karolina , Srogosz Tomasz
Published: May 2021

Przedmiot badań: Lokalne systemy żywnościowe były podstawą suwerenności żywnościowej przed okresem kolonialnym, z powodzeniem zaspokajając potrzeby żywnościowe ludności na wszystkich kontynentach. Wydłużanie łańcuchów dostaw w ramach eksploatacji kolonialnej i po­kolonialnego „globalnego rolnictwa” doprowadziło do załamania tych systemów, powodując za­grożenie bezpieczeństwa żywnościowego w skali regionalnej.

Cel badawczy: Odpowiedź na pytania: czy możliwe jest efektywniejsze radzenie sobie społecz­ności międzynarodowej z food insecurity poprzez realizację prawa do żywności, którego aktual­ne rozumienie obarczone jest „kolonialnym brzemieniem”, czy może raczej dzięki inicjatywom opartym na suwerenności żywnościowej będącej „powrotem do korzeni” w formie lokalnych systemów żywnościowych? 1

Metoda badawcza: Badania oparte zostały na metodzie teoretycznej sprowadzającej się do ana­lizy poglądów doktrynalnych w zakresie prawa do żywności, suwerenności żywnościowej i syste­mów żywnościowych oraz dogmatycznej polegającej na analizie treści aktów prawnych.

Wyniki: Ich wynikiem jest konkluzja, że ów „powrót do korzeni”, w przeciwieństwie do forso­wanego i nieefektywnego rolnictwa globalnego, powinien się opierać na gospodarce lokalnej, rolnictwie wspieranym społecznie i inicjatywach z nimi związanych. Krótsze łańcuchy dostaw, respektujące zasady wynikające z food sovereignty, w bardziej efektywny sposób zapewniają bezpieczeństwo żywnościowe.
İsrail’de Çatışan Kimlikler, Filistinliler ve Yahudiler
Authors: KAHRAMAN Halit  Ahmet
Published: May 2021

Filistinliler ve Yahudiler arasındaki çatışma Ortadoğu’da yaşanan sosyal, siyasal ve ekonomik sorunlarının birçoğunu etkileyen bir ihtilaftır. İlk Yahudi yerleşimcilerin Filistinlilerle karşılaşması, Ortadoğu’daki birçok güvenlik sorunuyla bağlantılıdır. Bu kitabı daha önceki araştırmalardan farklı kılan, Filistin-İsrail çatışmasını klasik güvenlik yaklaşımlarına üzerinden değil toplumsal güvenlik kavramsallaştırması bağlamında disiplinlerarası bir bakış açısıyla incelemesidir. Bu bağlamda kitabın odak noktası; aktör olarak devletlerden ziyade Yahudi ve Filistinli üst kimliğindeki topluluklardır. Eser çatışmaların materyal ve askeri yönlerinin yanı sıra toplum ve insanla bağlantılı olan kimliksel, bilişsel ve duygusal yönlerinin analizlere dahil edilmesini teklif eder.
Alcohol use during the COVID-19 pandemic in Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Garcia-Cerde Rodrigo , Valente Juliana Y. , Sohi Ivneet , Falade Rachael , Sanchez Zila M. , Monteiro Maristela G.
Published: May 2021

Objective. To assess the association between drinking behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic and quarantine, anxiety symptoms, and sociodemographic characteristics in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC).

Method. Data was collected through a cross-sectional online survey (non-probabilistic sample) conducted by the Pan American Health Organization between May 22 and June 30, 2020, in 33 countries and two territories of LAC. Participants were 18 years of age or older and must not have traveled outside of their country since March 15, 2020 (n= 12 328, M age= 38.1 years, 65% female). Four drinking behaviors (online socializing drinking [OSD], drinking with child present [DCP], drinking before 5 p.m. [DB5]), heavy episodic drinking [HED]) were response variables, and quarantining, anxiety symptoms and sociodemographic covariables were explanatory variables.

Results. Quarantine was positively associated with a higher frequency of OSD and with DCP, but negatively associated with a higher frequency of HED. Anxiety symptoms were associated with a higher frequency of HED, more OSD, and DB5. Higher incomes seemed to be more associated with all the studied drinking behaviors. Women tended to report less DB5 and less HED during the pandemic.

Conclusions. Quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic seems to affect drinking behavior and mental health indicators like anxiety symptoms. This study is the first effort to measure the consequences of the quarantine on alcohol consumption and mental health in LAC during the COVID-19 pandemic. Considering the associations found, screenings and brief interventions targeting alcohol consumption and mental health are recommended.