bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Benz[e]indolium Heptamethine Cyanines Containing C‐Substituents at the Central Portion of the Heptamethine Moiety.
Authors: Salon Jozef , Wolinska Ewa , Raszkiewicz Aldona , Patonay Gabor , Strekowski Lucjan
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthetic Approaches to Sporochnols A—C.
Authors: Srikrishna A. , Satyanarayana G. , Prasad M. R.
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Retinoids and Related Compounds. Part 28. Palladium‐Catalyzed Coupling Reaction of an Enol Nonaflate with (Vinyl)tributylstannanes and Acetylenes: A Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of 8,18‐13C2‐Labeled Retinal.
Authors: Wada Akimori , Ieki Yasuhiro , Nakamura Saeko , Ito Masayoshi
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Convenient Synthesis of Drimenol and Its Oxidation with Selenium Dioxide.
Authors: Kuchkova K. I. , Aricu A. N. , Dragalin I. P. , Vlad P. F.
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Unusual Baeyer—Villiger Oxidation of 23‐Oxosarsasapogenin Acetate.
Authors: Jastrzebska I. , Morzycki J. W.
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Facile Synthesis of 4‐ and 6‐Aryl‐Substituted Steroids by the Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reaction.
Authors: Lukashev Nikolai , Latyshev Gennadij V. , Donez Pavel A. , Skryabin George A. , Beletskaya Irina P.
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Asymmetric Synthesis of ω‐Bromo‐2(S)‐methyl Acids as Precursors for Novel Arginine, Lysine, and Mercapto Residues.
Authors: Hadden M. Kyle , Kokko Kyle P. , Dix Thomas A.
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of α‐Bromo Carboxylic Acid Derivatives in Asymmetric Nucleophilic Substitution with Chiral α‐Amino Esters.
Authors: Chang Ji‐yeon , Shin Eun‐kyoung , Kim Hyun Jung , Kim Yongtae , Park Yong Sun
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Novel Convenient Approach to the Synthesis of 2‐Substituted Analogues of Ornithine and Homolysine.
Authors: Nenajdenko V. G. , Zakurdaev E. P. , Prusov E. V. , Balenkova E. S.
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of N‐1‐(Indanyloxymethyl) and N‐1‐(4‐Hydroxybut‐2‐enyloxymethyl) Analogues of the HIV Drugs Emivirine and GCA‐186.
Authors: El‐Brollosy Nasser R. , Nielsen Claus , Pedersen Erik B.
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Tanacetamide C: One New Ceramide from Tanacetum artemisioides.
Authors: Hussain J. , Ahmad V. U. , Hussain H. , Hassan Z. , Khan A. , Farooq U.
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Apoptolidins B and C: Isolation, Structure Determination, and Biological Activity.
Authors: Wender Paul A. , Sukopp Martin , Longcore Kate
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Caprazamycins, Novel Lipo‐nucleoside Antibiotics, from Streptomyces sp.
Authors: Igarashi Masayuki , Takahashi Yoshiaki , Shitara Tetsuo , Nakamura Hikaru , Naganawa Hiroshi , Miyake Toshiaki , Akamatsu Yuzuru
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Biosynthetic Capacities of Actinomycetes. Part 33. Frigocyclinone, a Novel Angucyclinone Antibiotic Produced by a Streptomyces griseus Strain from Antarctica.
Authors: Fiedler Hans‐Peter , et al. et al.
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Revision of the Structure Assigned to the Antibiotic BU‐4664L from Micromonopora.
Authors: Igarashi Yasuhiro , Miyanaga Satoshi , Onaka Hiroyasu , Takeshita Michinori , Furumai Tamotsu
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Bioactive Fluorinated Derivative of Amphotericin B.
Authors: Matsumori Nobuaki , Umegawa Yuichi , Oishi Tohru , Murata Michio
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Anicemycin, a New Inhibitor of Anchorage‐Independent Growth of Tumor Cells from Streptomyces sp. TP‐A0648.
Authors: Igarashi Yasuhiro , Ootsu Koushirou , Onaka Hiroyasu , Fujita Tsuyoshi , Uehara Yoshimasa , Furumai Tamotsu
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Spylidone, a Novel Inhibitor of Lipid Droplet Accumulation in Mouse Macrophages Produced by Phoma sp. FKI‐1840.
Authors: Koyama Nobuhiro , Nagahiro Tomoko , Yamaguchi Yuichi , Ohshiro Taichi , Masuma Rokuro , Tomoda Hiroshi , Omura Satoshi
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Well‐Isolated Barium Titanium Trioxide Nanocubes.
Authors: Yan Tao , Shen Zhi‐Gang , Chen Jian‐Feng , Liu Xiao‐Lin , Yun Jimmy
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of One‐Dimensional (1D) NaxTiO2 Nanostructures.
Authors: Gavrilov A. I. , Garshev A. V. , Kovnir K. A. , Churagulov B. R. , Kolen'ko Yu. V. , Tretyakov Yu. D.
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Template‐Fabricated Gold Nanowires from Gas‐Phase Transport Reactions
Authors: Koeppe Ralf , Schmid Guenter , Schneider Sibylle , Schnoeckel Hansgeorg
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Glass Ceramics Containing Finely Dispersed Particles of Aluminum‐Doped M‐Type Strontium Hexaferrite.
Authors: Zaitsev D. D. , Trusov L. A. , Kazin P. E. , Tretyakov Yu. D.
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Design and Synthesis of Novel Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Kinase Inhibitors.
Authors: Ha Jae Du , Kang Seung Kyu , Kim Kun‐Do , Choi Joong‐Kwon , Kong Jae Yang , Ahn Chang H.
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Magnetic Nanoparticle Superstructures
Authors: Giersig Michael , Hilgendorff Michael
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Effects of Organization, Embedding and Surfactants on the Properties of Cadmium Chalcogenide (CdS, CdSe and CdS/CdSe) Semiconductor Nanoparticles
Authors: Frenzel Johannes , Joswig Jan‐Ole , Sarkar Pranab , Seifert Gotthard , Springborg Michael
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Formation and Characterization of Pt Nanoparticle Networks
Authors: Boennemann Helmut , et al. et al.
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Cadmium Oxide Route to Alkali Metal Oxometalates with Uncommon Structural Features
Authors: Moeller Angela
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis, Properties, and Applications of Iron Nanoparticles
Authors: Huber Dale L.
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Gas Phase Chemistry of Superheavy Elements
Authors: Tuerler A.
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Distinctive Properties of Cp′M(NO)(alkyl)2 (M: Mo, W) Complexes
Authors: Blackmore Ian J. , Jin Xing , Legzdins Peter
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Hydrogen Sponge? A Heteronuclear Cluster that Absorbs Large Quantities of Hydrogen
Authors: Dyson Paul J. , McIndoe J. Scott
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Doubly Bonded Metal Functions
Authors: Williams N. A.
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Natural Abundance 15N and 13C CP/MAS NMR of Dialkyldithiocarbamate Compounds with Ni(II) and Zn(II)
Authors: Ivanov Alexander V. , Antzutkin Oleg N.
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthetic Glycodiversification. From Aminosugars to Aminoglycoside Antibiotics
Authors: Rai Ravi , McAlexander Ian , Chang Chen‐Wei Tom
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Recent Developments in the Chemistry of Beryllocenes
Authors: Fernandez Rafael , Carmona Ernesto
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Optically Active 1‐Substituted‐1‐pyridyl‐methylamines
Authors: Chelucci Giorgio
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chiral Oxazolines and Their Legacy in Asymmetric Carbon—Carbon Bond‐Forming Reactions
Authors: Meyers Albert I.
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Design and Application of Self‐Assembled Low Molecular Weight Hydrogels
Authors: de Loos Maaike , Feringa Ben L. , van Esch Jan H.
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Atroposelective Synthesis of Axially Chiral Biaryl Compounds
Authors: Bringmann Gerhard , Mortimer Anne J. Price , Keller Paul A. , Gresser Mary J. , Garner James , Breuning Matthias
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Farnesoid X Receptor: From Structure to Potential Clinical Applications
Authors: Pellicciari Roberto , Costantino Gabriele , Fiorucci Stefano
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An Affordable Catalyst for the Production of Amino Acids
Authors: Ager David , van den Berg Michel , Minnaard Adriaan J. , Feringa Ben L. , de Vries Andre H. M. , Willans Charlotte E. , Boogers Jeroen A. F. , de Vries Johannes G.
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Sugar C‐Sulfonic Acids
Authors: Liptak Andras
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Recent Developments in Amphiphilic Cyclodextrins: Synthesis, Characterization and Properties
Authors: Djedaini‐Pilard Florence , Auzely‐Velty Rachel , Perly Bruno
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Transition Metal Catalyzed Reduction of Nicotinamide Coenzymes and Their Analogues
Authors: Wagenknecht Paul S. , Sambriski Edward J.
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Sugar‐Based P‐Ligands for Asymmetric Hydrogenation
Authors: Pamies Oscar , Dieguez Montserrat , Ruiz Aurora , Claver Carmen
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Advances in Asymmetric Synthesis of Biologically Active Molecules Using Heterocycles as Building Blocks
Authors: Spanu Pletro , Ulgheri Fausta
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
1,3‐Thiazolidine‐4‐carboxylic Acids as Building Blocks in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Pinho e Melo Teresa M. V. D.
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Five‐Membered Heteroaryl Azides and Derived Iminophosphoranes: Useful Intermediates for the Construction of B‐Fused Pyridine Ring Systems
Authors: Funicello Maria , Spagnolo Piero
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds by [2 + 2] Cycloaddition to Oxa‐ and Aza‐Norbornenic Systems Including Carbometallation Reactions
Authors: Medel Rocio , Plumet Joaquin
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Thiolysis of 1,2‐Epoxides under Environmentally Friendly Conditions
Authors: Fringuelli Francesco , Pizzo Ferdinando , Tortoioli Simone , Vaccaro Luigi
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ring Contraction Methodology for the Synthesis of Pyrroles
Authors: Joshi Uday , Pipelier Muriel , Naud Sebastien , Dubreuil Didier
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Singular Optical Properties of Phthalocyanines: From Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy to Nonlinear Optical Applications
Authors: Claessens Christian G. , de la Torre Gema , Torres Tomas
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Application of Gold Catalysis in the Synthesis of Heterocyclic Systems
Authors: Arcadi Antonio , Bianchi Gabriele
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Reactivity Control of Dianions of Carboxylic Acids: Synthetic Applications
Authors: Gil Salvador , Parra Margarita
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chemical and Enzymatic Synthesis of Lanthionines
Authors: Paul M. , van der Donk W. A.
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Nanobiopolypeptides: The Emergence of Supramolecular Nanobiotechnologies
Authors: Senet Jean‐Pierre G.
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Practical Considerations Associated with Voltammetric Studies in Room Temperature Ionic Liquids
Authors: Zhang Jie , Bond Alan M.
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
IUPAC Critical Evaluation of Thermochemical Properties of Selected Radicals. Part 1.
Authors: Ruscic Branko , Boggs James E. , Burcat Alexander , Csaszar Attila G. , Demaison Jean , Janoschek Rudolf , Martin Jan M. L. , Morton Melita L. , Rossi Michel J. , Stanton John F. , et al. et al.
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Chemistry and Biology of Mucin‐Type O‐Linked Glycosylation
Authors: Hang Howard C. , Bertozzi Carolyn R.
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New Reagents for Phosphatidylserine Recognition and Detection of Apoptosis
Authors: Hanshaw Roger G. , Smith Bradley D.
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Recent Advances in Tumor‐Targeting Anticancer Drug Conjugates
Authors: Jaracz Stanislav , Chen Jin , Kuznetsova Larisa V. , Ojima Iwao
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Structural Aspects of Some Modified Metal‐Alkoxides and Related Molecular Precursors to Ceramic Materials by the Sol—Gel Processing
Authors: Bohra Rakesh
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Basic Reactions and Mechanism of Processes Related to the Direct Synthesis
Authors: Bohmhammel K. , Roewer G. , Roever I. , Acker J.
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Structure of Ionic Liquids and Ionic Liquid Compounds: Are Ionic Liquids Genuine Liquids in the Conventional Sense?
Authors: Hamaguchi Hiro‐O. , Ozawa Ryosuke
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
HR‐MAS NMR Analysis of Compounds Attached to Polymer Supports
Authors: Guino Meritxell , De Miguel Yolanda R.
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Alkalinity, Hardness, Residual Alkalinity and Malt Phosphate: Factors in the Establishment of Mash pH
Authors: deLange A. J.
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Distributed loop‐scheduling schemes for heterogeneous computer systems
Authors: Chronopoulos Anthony T. , Penmatsa Satish , Xu Jianhua , Ali Siraj
Published: October 2005

Distributed computing systems are a viable and less expensive alternative to parallel computers. However, a serious difficulty in concurrent programming of a distributed system is how to deal with scheduling and load balancing of such a system which may consist of heterogeneous computers. Some distributed scheduling schemes suitable for parallel loops with independent iterations on heterogeneous computer clusters have been designed in the past. In this work we study self‐scheduling schemes for parallel loops with independent iterations which have been applied to multiprocessor systems in the past. We extend one important scheme of this type to a distributed version suitable for heterogeneous distributed systems. We implement our new scheme on a network of computers and make performance comparisons with other existing schemes. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crunching real data on the Grid: practice and experience with the European DataGrid
Authors: Groep D. , Templon J. , Loomis C.
Published: October 2005

The D0 experiment has used the European DataGrid (EDG) testbed to reprocess real data obtained from the Tevatron collider at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. Pushing the use of the EDG software beyond feasibility studies has produced a set of recommendations for authors of experiment‐level software, for producers of middleware and for designers of Grid systems. This paper describes the D0 experience with the EDG software and the resulting recommendations. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new task scheduling method for distributed programs that require memory management
Authors: Koide Hiroshi , Oie Yuji
Published: October 2005

In parallel and distributed applications, it is very likely that object‐oriented languages, such as Java and Ruby, and large‐scale semistructured data written in XML will be employed. However, because of their inherent dynamic memory management, parallel and distributed applications must sometimes suspend the execution of all tasks running on the processors. This adversely affects their execution on the parallel and distributed platform. In this paper, we propose a new task scheduling method called CP/MM (Critical Path/Memory Management) which can efficiently schedule tasks for applications requiring memory management. The underlying concept is to consider the cost due to memory management when the task scheduling system allocates ready (executable) coarse‐grain tasks, or macro‐tasks, to processors. We have developed three task scheduling modules, including CP/MM, for a task scheduling system which is implemented on a Java RMI (Remote Method Invocation) communication infrastructure. Our experimental results show that CP/MM can successfully prevent high‐priority macro‐tasks from being affected by the garbage collection arising from memory management, so that CP/MM can efficiently schedule distributed programs whose critical paths are relatively long. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation of undoped and indium doped ZnO thin films by pulsed laser deposition method
Authors: Kotlyarchuk B. , Savchuk V. , Oszwaldowski M.
Published: October 2005

An original modification of the standard Pulse Laser Deposition (PLD) method for preparing both undoped and indium doped zinc oxide (ZnO:In) thin films at low substrate temperature is proposed. This preparation method does not demand any further post‐deposition annealing treatment of the grown films. The developed method allows to grow thin films at low substrate temperature that prevents them from the considerable loss of their intrinsic electrical and optical properties. The influence of deposition parameters on the electrical and optical parameters of the undoped and the indium doped ZnO thin films is also analysed. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optimization of Cr8O21 targets for Pulsed Laser Deposition
Authors: Tortet L. , Guinneton F. , Monnereau O. , Stanoi D. , Socol G. , Mihailescu I. N. , Zhang T. , Grigorescu C.
Published: October 2005

This work describes the preparation of Cr8O21 pellets with optimised mass density to be used as targets for Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) of chromium dioxide thin films. Cr8O21 is synthesised by thermal decomposition of CrO3, at 270 °C. An attempt to reduce the grain size of the Cr8O21 powder to the nanometer scale has been made in order to increase the density of the pressed and sintered pellets serving as targets. The morphology of those starting fine powders as well as of targets (before and after laser ablation) and the corresponding thin films were characterized and studied using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy. The composition of the films is a mixture of crystallised Cr2O3 and amorphous CrO2. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Studies on growth, induction period, interfacial energy and metastable zonewidth of m‐nitroaniline
Authors: Kanagasekaran T. , Gunasekaran M. , Srinivasan P. , Jayaraman D. , Gopalakrishnan R. , Ramasamy P.
Published: October 2005

Single crystals of m‐Nitroaniline (mNA) were grown by slow cooling solution growth technique. Induction period, interfacial energy and metastable zonewidth have been evaluated. The solubility of mNA has been estimated at different temperatures in acetone and ethanol. Interfacial energy has been estimated using the experimentally determined induction period values. It is observed that the nucleation rate increases with the increase of supersaturation. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Influence of sputtering conditions and electron energy on XPS depth profiling of Ge in SiO2
Authors: Oswald S. , Schmidt B. , Heinig K.‐H.
Published: October 2005

Ge nanocluster formation in SiO2 is of growing interest for new electronic applications. Ion beam synthesis using high‐energy Ge implantation connected with thermal annealing is one possible preparation method of such clusters. In addition to investigations of electrical and structural changes during the cluster formation process we also studied chemical changes in the samples using x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). This was done with low‐energy noble gas ion sputtering for depth profiling. Binding state information one can get from the XPS data by means of factor analysis (FA) in combination with other structural investigations. However, mixed bonding states probably created by ion beam damage during sputter erosion are dominating the results. It is shown, that by changing the experimental conditions (ion beam impact depth during sputtering, electron information depth during XPS measurement) these mixed states are influenced in an appropriate manner. It is concluded that useful chemical information on the behavior of the implanted Ge can be derived despite of the ion beam damage. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Thermal conductivity of Tb2(MoO4)3 crystals at low temperatures
Authors: Mielcarek S. , Tylczyński Z. , Trybuła Z. , Łoś S. , Mroz B.
Published: October 2005

Thermal conductivity of the improper ferroic Tb2(MoO4)3 was measured in the range 0.3 K–100 K by the method of the stationary heat flow. An additional maximum in thermal conductivity observed at 0.45 K is due to the anomaly of specific heat corresponding to the antiferromagnetic phase transition. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
UV, violet and blue‐green luminescence from RF sputter deposited ZnO:Al thin films
Authors: Prabakar K. , Kim Choongmo , Lee Chongmu
Published: October 2005

The mechanism of ultraviolet (UV), violet and blue green emission from ZnO:Al (AZO) thin films deposited at different radio frequency (r.f.) powers on glass substrates was investigated. The structure and surface morphology of AZO films have also been observed. The optical transmittance spectra shows more than 80% transmittance in the visible region and the band gap is found to be directly allowed. From the photoluminescence measurement, intense UV and blue green luminescence is obtained for the samples deposited at higher sputtering powers. The mechanism of luminescence suggests that UV luminescence of AZO thin film is related to the transition from near band edge to the valence band and the concentration of antisite oxide (Ozn) increases with increase in r.f. power which in turn increases the intensity of green band emission while the violet PL is due to the defect level transition in the grain boundaries of AZO films. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electrical instability in a semiconductor gas discharge system
Authors: Kurt H. Y. , Salamov B. G. , Mammadov T. S.
Published: October 2005

Electrical instability in a SI GaAs plates of the semiconductor gas discharge gap system (SGDGS) is studied experimentally in a wide range of the gas pressures, interelectrode distances and different diameters of the cathode areas. While being driven with a stationary voltage, it generates current and discharge light emission (DLE) instabilities with different amplitudes of the oscillation. It is shown that under the experimental conditions the interelectrode distance played only a passive role and was not responsible for the appearance of the DLE instability. At the same time for different diameters D of the GaAs plate areas the expanded range of current and DLE oscillations are observed. SGDGS with an N‐shaped CVC was analyzed using both the current and DLE data showing the electrical instability in the GaAs cathode. It was found that application of high feeding voltage to this cathode give rise to non‐uniform spatial distribution of the DLE, which disturbed the operation of the system. The experiment presents also a new metod to study and visualization of the electrical instabilities in high‐resistivity GaAs plates of large diameter. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Growth and characterization of 2,6‐dibenzylidenecyclohexanone single crystal
Authors: Udaya Lakshmi K. , Ramamurthi K.
Published: October 2005

Following the temperature reduction method, growth of single crystals of organic 2,6‐dibenzylidenecyclohexanone (DBCH) material from ethanol solution is reported in the present work. Solubility and metastable zone width measurements were carried out under stirring and nonstirring conditions of solution. Cell dimensions were obtained from single crystal X‐ray diffraction study. From FT‐IR spectral analysis, various functional groups of this crystal were identified. UV‐Visible spectral analysis was made. Mechanical strength of the grown crystal was estimated on the prominent (110) face using a Vickers microhardness tester. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The use of economic, social and environmental indicators as a measure of sustainable development in Spain
Authors: Gallego Isabel
Published: October 2005

In recent years the concept of corporate social responsibility has gained prominence among academics from a wide range of disciplines. According to the Green Paper issued by the Commission of the European Communities in July 2001, corporate social responsibility is defined as a concept whereby companies integrate social and environmental concerns in their business operations and in their interaction with their stakeholders on a voluntary basis.

The problem is how firms have made known the information on corporate social responsibility. With this in mind, we undertook the present work in an attempt to verify empirically how certain Spanish firms present their economic, social and environmental information, how they use the indicators proposed by the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) that are accepted in all countries and how this information can affect sustainable development.

To perform this study we examined some Spanish firms that present economic, social and environmental information according to the GRI framework.

Certain relevant conclusions indicate that in Spain in the last few years there has been an increase and an improvement in the information given by firms on economic, social and environmental concerns and that the information most presented by firms has to do with the social indicators related to labour, practices and decent work, strategy and management, non‐discrimination, freedom of association, child labour and forced and compulsory labour as well as the environmental indicators related to energy, water, biodiversity and emissions, effluents and waste. This information reveals the great importance afforded in Spain to social and environmental information for sustainable development. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Foreign direct investment and hydropower in Lao PDR: the Theun‐Hinboun hydropower project
Authors: Virtanen Maarit
Published: October 2005

This paper examines the impact of foreign direct investment and especially the role of hydropower projects in achieving national development goals in the Lao PDR. It focuses on the environmental and social impacts of large‐scale projects by using the Theun‐Hinboun hydropower project as an example of controversies related to development interventions affecting livelihoods dependent on the natural resource base. Findings suggest that even though the Theun‐Hinboun hydropower project has evolved into a kind of model project, several questions related to the final impact on poverty reduction, mitigation of environmental and social impacts and the participation of project affected people remain open. The relative success of Theun‐Hinboun may not be easily repeated, especially as planned new hydropower schemes cause even more profound impacts on still largely subsistence based livelihoods and the environment. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
The Italian experience in social reporting: an empirical analysis
Authors: Secchi Davide
Published: October 2005

This analysis tries to discover an empirical validation to back up the hypothesis that the Italian phenomenon of social reporting has changed with regard to the past and is growing in importance. After considering the evolution of Italian literature on the issue, the paper tries to find connections between this literature and social reporting practices. Empirical findings are based on 62 Italian social reports. The paper tries to answer three questions: (a) what kind of organization publishes social reports; (b) what are the main differences, if any, between different reports belonging to diverse organizations; (c) which are the leading models. Social reports have been sorted according to three main issues: report objectives, emerging models and stakeholder mapping. Collected data suggest that there is a common ground for organizations in socially responsible behaviour, but also that this common ground fits the need of every single organization. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Adventures in Vanadocene Chemistry
Authors: Choukroun Robert , Lorber Christian
Published: October 2005

This review surveys some aspects of the chemistry of [VCp2]. The high potential of vanadocene [VCp2] (and [V(CO)Cp2]) in organometallic chemistry is illustrated by new organometallic architectures. The rich redox chemistry of [VCp2] is shown by incorporation of this fragment into various C≡C and C≡N bonds. This molecular approach allows the connection of two (or more) paramagnetic centers through an organic linker in order to build magnetic nanoscopic organometallic wires. [VCp2] has also been studied in the field of materials such as vanadium carbide (VC) ceramics and in its role as a reducing agent toward elements of groups 8–10 to prepare Fe, Rh, and Pd colloids. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Cyclometalated Ruthenium Compounds Containing 2‐(2′‐Pyridyl)‐ 4‐methylphenyl and Benzo[h]quinolyl Ligands
Authors: Zhang Qian‐Feng , Cheung Ka‐Man , Williams Ian D. , Leung Wa‐Hung
Published: October 2005

Transmetalation of Hg(ptpy)2 [Hptpy = 2‐(4‐tolylpyridine) with Cp*Ru(NO)Cl2 (Cp* = η5‐C5Me5)] gave [Cp*Ru(NO)(ptpy)]2[Hg2Cl6] ([1]2·Hg2Cl6) whereas that with [Cp*RuCl2]x gave the dinuclear RuII–RuIV compound [Cp*Ru(μ‐η6:η2‐ptpy)RuCl2Cp*][Hg2Cl6] (2). Treatment of Ru(3‐phenylindenylid‐1‐ene)Cl2(PPh3)2 with Hg(ptpy)2 resulted in coupling of ptpy with the 3‐phenylidenylid‐1‐ene ligand, and the formation of Ru(Ph‐ind‐ptpy)(PPh3)Cl {Ph‐ind‐tpy = 3‐phenyl‐1‐[2‐(4‐toyl)pyridyl]indenyl} (3), in which the chelated [Ph‐ind‐tpy]– ligand binds to Ru through the η5‐indenyl ring and the pendant pyridyl group. Treatment of [Ru(CO)2Cl2]n with [Hg(ptpy)Cl]2 afforded [Ru(ptpy)(CO)2]2(μ‐Cl)2 (8). Irradiation of cis‐[Ru(bzq)2(CO)2] (Hbzq = benzo[h]quinoline) with UV light in MeCN afforded cis‐[Ru(bzq)2(CO)(MeCN)] (9). Photolysis of cis‐[Ru(bzq)2(CO)2] in THF in the presence of PPh3 and pyridine (py) afforded cis‐[Ru(bzq)2(CO)(L)] [L = PPh3 (10), py (11)]. The crystal structures of complexes 1–3, 8, and 10 have been determined. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
A Novel Chemical Reduction Route towards the Synthesis of Crystalline Nickel Nanoflowers from a Mixed Source
Authors: Ni Xiaomin , Zhao Qingbiao , Zheng Huagui , Li Beibei , Song Jimei , Zhang Dongen , Zhang Xiaojun
Published: October 2005

A novel chemical reduction route was designed for the synthesis of nickel nanocrystals with distinct flowery shapes by using a mixture of two complexes of Ni(N2H4)32+ and Ni(dmg)2 (nickel dimethylglyoximate) as the nickel source. Formation of these flowers, comprising spherical centers and swordlike petals, was related to the varying stability and structural properties of the two precursors as well as the reaction conditions. Investigations of the time‐dependent shape‐evolution process indicated that spherical particles were formed first as flower centers, and then swordlike petals grew radially from the particle surfaces. A rational mechanism of formation was proposed on the basis of a range of contrasting experiments. Compared with bulk nickel, these nanoflowers exhibited an enhanced coercivity (Hc) and a decreased saturation magnetization (Ms); this fact is attributed to their peculiar morphology. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Low‐Temperature Flux Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Ce‐Doped Luminescence of the First Lutetium Diphosphate NH4LuP2O7
Authors: Li Man‐Rong , Liu Wei , Chen Hao‐Hong , Yang Xin‐Xin , Wei Zan‐Bin , Cao Dun‐Hua , Gu Mu , Zhao Jing‐Tai
Published: October 2005

The first lutetium diphosphate NH4LuP2O7 has been prepared by a two‐step, low‐temperature self‐flux synthesis in the presence of the F– anion, functioning as a mineralizer, which played a significant role in the synthetic process. The crystal structure has been characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The title compound crystallizes in a monoclinic system of the space group P21/c (No. 14), a = 7.651(2) Å, b = 10.789(2) Å, c = 8.577(2) Å, β = 105.75(3)°, V = 681.4(2) Å3, Z = 4. The three‐dimensional framework of NH4LuP2O7, composed of Lu2P4O14 building units formed by vertex‐linking LuO6 and P2O7 goups, is isostructural with compounds of the type KAlP2O7 in the ternary diphosphate(AIMIIIP2O7) system. X‐ray‐excited luminescence measurements of Ce‐activated samples show insteresting scintillation properties with a short decay time of 16 ns at room temperature. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
[MCl(ligand)]+ Complexes (M = Ni, Pd, Pt) with a P,N,N Terdentate Ligand – Solid State and Solution Structures and Catalytic Activity of the PdII Derivative in the Heck Reaction
Authors: Del Zotto Alessandro , Zangrando Ennio , Baratta Walter , Felluga Alessandro , Martinuzzi Paolo , Rigo Pierluigi
Published: October 2005

NiII, PdII and PtII cationic complexes of the general formula [MCl(PNN)]PF6, where PNN is the terdentate ligand N‐[2‐(diphenylphosphanyl)benzylidene][2‐(2‐pyridyl)ethyl]amine, have been synthesised and fully characterised in solution by NMR spectroscopy. The diamagnetic NiII complex 1 shows fluxionality, which can be attributed to a conformational rearrangement of the two six‐membered chelate rings. On the contrary, the PdII 2 and PtII 3 derivatives are stereochemically rigid on the NMR timescale. The crystal structures of 1 and 2 are reported, which show a planar geometry for both complexes. Complex 2 has been investigated as a precatalyst in the Heck coupling between styrene and bromobenzene. Interestingly, the nature of the solvent has a critical role in determining the yield of the reaction product. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Asymmetric [2+2] Cycloaddition of (E)‐2‐(Diphenylphosphanyl)styrene Promoted by a Chiral Metal Template
Authors: Yeo Wee‐Chuan , Tan Geok‐Kheng , Lin Koh Lip , Leung Pak‐Hing
Published: October 2005

An organoplatinum complex containing the (S)‐form of orthometalated [1‐(dimethylamino)ethyl]naphthalene as the chiral auxiliary promotes the asymmetric [2+2] dimerization of (E)‐2‐(diphenylphosphanyl)styrene to generate two isomeric chelating diphosphanyl‐substituted cyclobutane platinum template complexes in the ratio of 6:1. The four substituents on the cyclobutane rings adopt the pseudo‐equatorial positions with an all‐trans arrangement. The naphthylamine auxiliary can be removed chemoselectively from the template products by treatment with concentrated hydrochloric acid to form the corresponding dichloroplatinum(II) complexes, which, upon subsequent ligand displacement with aqueous cyanide, liberate the enantiomerically enriched free diphosphane ligand in high yields. Recomplexation of the liberated diphosphane to the (R)‐form of the platinum template, followed by fractional crystallization, allows separation of the optically pure platinum template complex containing the diphosphane ligand (1R,2R,3R,4R)‐1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphanyl)‐3,4‐diphenylcyclobutane, from which the free diphosphane can be subsequently liberated efficiently. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Encapsulation of a Linear Oligo(ferrocenylsilane) Trimer with β‐Cyclodextrin
Authors: Fernandes José A. , Lima Sérgio , Braga Susana S. , Pillinger Martyn , Rodríguez‐Borges José E. , Ribeiro‐Claro Paulo , Teixeira‐Dias José J. C. , Gonçalves Isabel S.
Published: October 2005

An inclusion compound comprising β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) and the trimetallic oligo(ferrocenylsilane) FcSiMe2[(η5‐C5H4)Fe(η5‐C5H4SiMe2)]Fc [Fc = (η5‐C5H5)Fe(η5‐C5H4)] has been prepared and characterised in the solid state by elemental analysis, powder X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis and magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopy (13C, 29Si). The results are consistent with the formation of a 2:1 (host‐to‐guest) inclusion complex. Ab initio calculations were carried out in order to investigate the possible inclusion geometries. The best host–guest fit was obtained for a tilted geometry of the ferrocene fragment relative to the β‐CD axis ( = 29°) with a 140‐pm inclusion of the corresponding Fe centre below the plane of the rim. The structure of the organometallic trimer allows its inclusion interaction with a second β‐CD host, leading to the 2:1 stoichiometry. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Mixed‐Ligand Copper Complexes with 8‐Methylthioquinoline and Triphenylphosphane or theo‐Semiquinone/Catecholate Redox System
Authors: Ye Shengfa , Sarkar Biprajit , Niemeyer Mark , Kaim Wolfgang
Published: October 2005

The complex [Cu(MTQ)(PPh3)2](BF4), MTQ = 8‐methylthioquinoline, exhibits distorted tetrahedral coordination at thecopper(I) center. One of two crystallographically independent molecules found in the unit cell exhibits a more pronounced inclination towards a (3+1) coordination arrangement. In comparison to the analogous complex with the related imine/thioether chelate ligand 1‐methyl‐2‐(methylthiomethyl)‐1H‐benzimidazole, the cation [Cu(MTQ)(PPh3)2]+shows stronger bonding of CuIto S and weaker interaction with N. With 3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐o‐semiquinone as co‐ligand instead of two PPh3ligands a valence‐tautomer equilibrium situation involving the copper(II)‐catecholate state can be observed by EPR spectroscopy, showing an unusually large isotropic63,65Cu hyperfine coupling of 2.1 mT and an untypically small isotropicgvalue of 1.975. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Intense Near‐Infrared Luminescence of a Mesomorphic Ionic Liquid Doped with Lanthanide β‐Diketonate Ternary Complexes
Authors: Puntus Lada N. , Schenk Kurt J. , Bünzli Jean‐Claude G.
Published: October 2005

The ionic liquid 1‐dodecyl‐3‐methylimidazole chloride ([C12‐mim]Cl) is doped with 1 mol‐% of the lanthanide ternary complexes [Ln(tta)3(phen)] (tta = thenoyltrifluoroacetonate, phen = 1,10‐phenanthroline, Ln = Nd, Eu, Er, Yb), resulting in luminescent mesogenic phases at room temperature. According to DSC and SAXS measurements, the temperature of the crystal → liquid crystal transition is below 10 °C. Analysis of vibrational and luminescence data points to the inner co‐ordination sphere of the EuIII ion being very similar in both the mesomorphic sample and the parent β‐diketonate complex. The mesomorphic samples containing NdIII, ErIII, or YbIII display relatively intense near‐infrared luminescence. This emission is enhanced in the liquid crystalline phases with respect to the initial compounds, as demonstrated for instance by the quantum yield of the [Yb(tta)3(phen)]‐containing mesogenic sample which amounts to 2.1 %, as compared to 1.6 and 1.1 % for the powdered ternary complex and its solution in toluene, respectively. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
PdII Complexes of Tridentate PCP N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands: Structural Aspects and Application in Asymmetric Hydroamination of Cyano Olefins
Authors: Gischig Sebastian , Togni Antonio
Published: October 2005

The synthesis of the ligand precursor 1,3‐bis{(R)‐1‐[(S)‐2‐(diphenylphosphanyl)ferrocenyl]ethyl}imidazolium iodide ([PCPH]I, 1) was extended to the electronically and sterically modified ligand precursors 1,3‐bis{(R)‐1‐[(S)‐2‐{[3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]phosphanyl}ferrocenyl]ethyl}imidazolium iodide ([3,5‐CF3‐PCPH]I, 6), and 1,3‐bis[(R)‐1‐{(S)‐2‐[bis(3,5‐dimethylphenyl)phosphanyl]ferrocenyl}ethyl]imidazolium iodide ([3,5‐Me‐PCPH]I, 7). Palladium complexes were prepared starting from [Pd(OAc)2]3 in THF to afford [PdI(PCP)]OAc (8), [Pd(OAc)(3,5‐CF3‐PCP)]I (9), and [PdI(3,5‐Me‐PCP)]OAc (10), in excellent yields. The crystal structures of the ligand precursor [3,5‐CF3‐PCPH]I (6), the complex [PdI(3,5‐CF3‐PCP)]PF6 (14), as well as the dicationic complex [Pd(NCCH3)(PCP)](PF6)2 (11), were determined by X‐ray diffraction. Complex 11 and its derivative [Pd(NCCH3)(3,5‐Me‐PCP)](PF6)2 (13) have been tested as catalysts in the asymmetric addition of, for example, thiomorpholine tomethacrylonitrile giving selectivities up to 63 and 75 % ee, respectively, at –80 °C. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
The Mechanism of Magnetic Interaction in Spin‐Ladder Molecular Magnets: A First‐Principles, Bottom‐Up, Theoretical Study of the Magnetism in the Two‐Legged Spin‐Ladder Bis(2‐amino‐5‐nitropyridinium) Tetrabromocuprate Monohydrate
Authors: Deumal Mercè , Giorgi Giacomo , Robb Michael A. , Turnbull Mark M. , Landee Christopher P. , Novoa Juan J.
Published: October 2005

The magnetic properties of the isotropic (Jrail ≈ Jrung), two‐legged spin‐ladder bis(2‐amino‐5‐nitropyridinium) tetrabromocuprate monohydrate, [(5NAP)2CuBr4·H2O], have been studied using a first‐principles, bottom‐up approach, which allows computation of macroscopic magnetic properties (for instance, the magnetic susceptibility) of a crystal from only a knowledge of its crystal packing. Evaluation of the JAB parameters, using the 163 K X‐ray structure of [(5NAP)2CuBr4·H2O], indicates that the magnetic topology of this crystal is a two‐legged antiferromagnetic spin‐ladder, with values of Jrail and Jrung of –22.2 cm–1 and –19.7 cm–1, respectively. These values are very close to those that best fit the experimental magnetic susceptibility curve, which are–13.59 cm–1 and –14.16 cm–1, respectively. Very weak diagonal interactions within each ladder [J(d3) = –0.9 cm–1] and between nearby ladders [J(d4) = –0.3 cm–1] are also found. The computed magnetic susceptibility curve obtained using the two‐legged spin‐ladder properly reproduces the experimental magnetic curve (a quantitative agreement is obtained by applying a linear scaling factor of about 0.75 to the energies). The singlet–triplet spin‐gap of this spin‐ladder was computed to be 17 K, in close agreement with the experimental result (11 K). The change of the spin‐gap/Jrail with the size (2xL) of the magnetic spin‐ladder model space was found to converge towards 0.5, while that for a single‐legged (1xL) spin‐ladder converges towards zero, both in good agreement with the known trends for these systems. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
1,3,5‐Triazine‐Based Synthons in Supramolecular Chemistry
Authors: Gamez Patrick , Reedijk Jan
Published: October 2005

Interest in supramolecular chemistry has grown significantly during the past two decades. In this context, hydrogen bonding and/or coordinative interactions have been extensively used to generate self‐assembled one‐, two‐ or three‐dimensional polymeric networks. Crystal structure prediction has progressed tremendously, and the challenge for the contemporary supramolecular chemist is now to produce custom‐made functional (and multifunctional) materials involving intermolecular interactions. Since the early 1990s, 1,3,5‐triazine derivatives have shown their potential as building blocks for the preparation of such materials. In this microreview, a selection of outstanding examples of supramolecular networks involving the 1,3,5‐triazine unit are discussed, illustrating the possibility of forming remarkable architectures by means of coordination and/or hydrogen bonds and their applications in host–guest chemistry, catalysis, anion recognition, sensoring, electronics and magnetism. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
A Selective Direct Aldol Reaction in Aqueous Media Catalyzed byZinc–Proline
Authors: Fernandez‐Lopez Ruben , Kofoed Jacob , Machuqueiro Miguel , Darbre Tamis
Published: October 2005

The Zn–proline complex is shown to catalyze the aldol reaction of acetone and a wide range of arenecarbaldehydes in aqueous media, accepting even deactivated arenecarbaldehydes such as methoxybenzaldehydes in good yields. Enantiomeric excesses of up to 56 % could be obtained with 5 mol‐% of the catalyst at room temperature, and up to 66 % at –15 °C. The aldol reaction is regio‐ and stereoselective with hydroxyacetone (moderate yields) and dihydroxyacetone (excellent donor, 80–90 % yields with 5 mmol‐equiv.). Plausible mechanisms for the reaction are discussed. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
A Photoswitchable Rotaxane with an Unfolded Molecular Thread
Authors: Schmidt‐Schäffer Sebastian , Grubert Lutz , Grummt Ulrich W. , Buck Karin , Abraham Werner
Published: October 2005

Novel [2]rotaxanes containing the tetracationic cyclophane cyclobis(paraquat‐4,4‐biphenylene) and a dumbbell‐shaped molecular thread incorporating a photoactive diarylcycloheptatriene station as well as a photo‐inactive aryl station have been synthesized with yields of nearly 30% by the coupling of two halves of the molecular thread. Each half incorporates one of the two stations which are recognized by the tetracationic ring. The switch principle is based on photoheterolysis of a diarylcycloheptatriene bearing a suitable leaving group such as a methoxy substituent. The rotaxanes were transformed into the related rotaxanes incorporating a diaryl tropylium unit by electrochemical oxidation. The co‐conformation of all rotaxanes was determined by 1H NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopy. It has been shown that the occupation of the two different stations by the tetracationic ring depends both on the electron donor capacity of these stations and on the chain units between the stations. The desired preferred occupation of the diarylcycloheptatriene station was achieved by fine tuning both the stopper group at the end of the molecular thread and the number of oxygen atoms within the chain. By tuning the chain length it has also been achieved that both of the rotaxanes incorporating the diarylcycloheptatriene unit and the tropylium‐containing rotaxanes adopt an unfolded structure in solution. The tetracationic ring resides exclusively on the second aryl station within the tropylium rotaxanes. Switching between co‐conformations of the cycloheptatrienyl‐containing rotaxanes and the tropylium‐containing rotaxanes can be achieved by photoheterolysis of the methoxy‐substituted diarylcycloheptatriene, yielding the tropylium rotaxane, which reacts thermally back to the cycloheptatriene rotaxane, and thus closes the switching cycle. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)