bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implication of mTOR Signaling in NSCLC: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives
Authors: Gargalionis Antonios N. , Papavassiliou Kostas A. , Papavassiliou Athanasios G.
Published: August 2023

Mechanistic target of the rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway represents a central cellular kinase that controls cell survival and metabolism. Increased mTOR activation, along with upregulation of respective upstream and downstream signaling components, have been established as oncogenic features in cancer cells in various tumor types. Nevertheless, mTOR pathway therapeutic targeting has been proven to be quite challenging in various clinical settings. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a frequent type of solid tumor in both genders, where aberrant regulation of the mTOR pathway contributes to the development of oncogenesis, apoptosis resistance, angiogenesis, cancer progression, and metastasis. In this context, the outcome of mTOR pathway targeting in clinical trials still demonstrates unsatisfactory results. Herewith, we discuss recent findings regarding the mechanisms and therapeutic targeting of mTOR signaling networks in NSCLC, as well as future perspectives for the efficient application of treatments against mTOR and related protein molecules.
Zirconia-Based Ceramics Reinforced by Carbon Nanotubes: A Review with Emphasis on Mechanical Properties
Authors: Lamnini Soukaina , Pugliese Diego , Baino Francesco
Published: August 2023

This review outlines the state of the art, processing techniques, and mechanical testing methods of zirconia (ZrO2)-based composites reinforced by carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The use of CNTs as a secondary phase in a zirconia matrix is motivated by their outstanding crack self-healing ability, the possibility to tailor the desired nano-structural properties, and their exceptional wear behavior. Therefore, a detailed investigation into CNT features has been provided. The debate of using the different Vickers indentation fracture toughness equations to estimate the resistance of crack propagation was critically reviewed according to crack characteristics. Finally, this review particularly highlights the exceptional role of ZrO2-based composites as a promising material owing to their outstanding tribo-mechanical properties.
Correction: Kurniawan et al. Vapor-Phase Oxidant-Free Dehydrogenation of 2,3- and 1,4-Butanediol over Cu/SiO2 Catalyst Prepared by Crown-Ether-Assisted Impregnation. Chemistry 2023, 5, 406–421
Authors: Kurniawan Enggah , Hosaka Shuya , Kobata Masayuki , Yamada Yasuhiro , Sato Satoshi
Published: August 2023

In the published article “Vapor-Phase Oxidant-Free Dehydrogenation of 2,3- and 1,4-Butanediol over Cu/SiO2 Catalyst Prepared by Crown-Ether-Assisted Impregnation“ [...]
The Impact of Prenatal Environmental Tobacco Smoking (ETS) and Exposure on Chinese Children: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ye Huazhen , Yang Xiaoyu , Hanna Fahad
Published: August 2023

Background: There is considerable evidence to support the association between exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and children’s burden of disease. However, the literature on the health outcomes of prenatal ETS exposure among Chinese children has not yet been comprehensively reviewed. Objective: This systematic review examines the currently available evidence and identifies gaps for further research on the health consequences of prenatal ETS exposure on Chinese children. Methods: Following the JBI systematic-scoping review methodological framework, we conducted a computer-aided search of three electronic databases—PubMed, EBSCOhost, and ProQuest to include studies from January 2011 to May 2023 that addressed the health outcomes of Chinese children whose mothers were exposed to ETS at any stage of pregnancy. Furthermore, a methodological quality assessment of the selected articles was conducted using JBI critical appraisal checklists. Results: A total of 30 articles were reviewed, including eleven high-quality studies and nineteen moderate-quality studies. Five main themes, including hypertension, fetal and children’s development, behavioural disorders, respiratory outcomes, and “other health outcomes”, were encompassed. The majority of the studies showed a positive link between prenatal ETS exposure and an increased risk of preterm birth, and moderate risk of fetal growth restriction. A few studies explored other potential adverse outcomes of ETS, including hypertension, respiratory morbidity, lung function, and asthma in children. Conclusions: The currently available evidence on prenatal ETS exposure in Chinese children has unveiled a wide range of health outcomes, including preterm birth, fetal development, behavioural disorders, and much more. However, Chinese studies in this area are still lacking and a gap still exists in relation to the strength of association between prenatal ETS exposure and some health risks. Efficient anti-smoking policies and smoking cessation programs should be developed to promote maternal and child health. Further research is also needed to provide better evidence in this field.
An Evaluation of Asphalt Mixture Crack Resistance and Identification of Influential Factors
Authors: Shu Liheng , Ni Fujian , Du Hui , Han Yajin
Published: August 2023

The crack resistance of asphalt pavement mixtures directly impact pavement service condition and pavement distress. And characterizing the crack resistance of a pavement mixture can reflect the crack resistance potential of asphalt pavement. This study analyzes several representative highway sections based on time, material, and service conditions to identify the mixture type of three layers. Semi-circular bending tests are conducted at 15 °C, and load–displacement curves are recorded. Factor independence analysis is performed, and combinations showcasing the cracking performance of the surface layer, middle layer, and bottom layer are selected. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) evaluating the indices versus selected factors for the three layers identifies significant influencing factors, and the crack resistance is analyzed based on these significant factors. The crack resistance of the middle layer with the highest truck loads is significantly lower than the two other lanes and the shoulder. Transverse crack spacing (TCS) can be used to directly evaluate the crack resistance of the mixture. The Factor dots upper rate (FUDR) and absolute Factor dots upper rate (absFUDR) indices are introduced to quantify the percentage deviation of a factor specimen from the average crack resistance index–fracture energy ratio, indicating whether the crack curve becomes sharper or flatter. The factor dots upper rate index is then applied to characterize the factors, and the results are reasonable. It is found only on the surface and middle layers that the service age has significant impacts on crack resistance, the Transverse crack spacing has significant impacts on crack resistance index, and the Factor dots upper rate can identify the brittleness of mixtures with different factors.
Phylogenetic Position of the Genus Manunema (Nematoda, Plectida, Leptolaimidae)
Authors: Jeong Raehyuk , Tchesunov Alexei V.
Published: August 2023

During an investigation of a natural sandy beach on Jeju Island, South Korea, a species of marine nematode belonging to the rare genus Manunema was discovered and is now being reported. Up until now, no molecular sequences of this genus have been available, and its position within the nematode system has been a subject of dispute. Currently, Manunema is classified within the order Plectida, either as the only genus of the family Peresianidae in the superfamily Haliplectoidea or directly as a genus of the family Leptolaimidae. Here, we report on the discovery of Manunema cf. proboscidis Gerlach, 1957, which was found off Jeju Island, South Korea. We also conduct an in-depth investigation of its peculiar morphology, with a particular focus on the reproductive system type observed within the species. Additionally, we examine the phylogenetic relationship of the genus using 18S rRNA sequences. Partial mtCOI, nearly complete sequences of the 18S ribosomal RNA gene as well as a partial 28S (D2–D3 region) gene are provided. Morphologically, the presence of tubular precloacal supplements (shared by superfamily Leptolaimoidea and not Haliplectoidea) and antidromously reflected ovaries of females in Manunema (shared by the order Plectida and not Desmoscolecida) may have taxonomic significance. Our phylogenetic trees based on 18S rRNA also reflected this, including Manunema in a well-supported monophyletic clade of the family Leptolaimidae.
Fragilaria shirshovii sp. nov.—A New Species of Araphid Diatoms (Bacillariophyta, Fragilariophyceae) from the Gulf of Ob (Kara Sea, Arctic)
Authors: Lobus Nikolay V. , Glushchenko Anton M. , Genkal Sergei I. , Maltsev Yevhen I. , Kulikovskiy Maxim S.
Published: August 2023

A new species, Fragilaria shirshovii sp. nov., is described on the basis of molecular and morphological investigations. Cells were isolated from the surface levels of desalinated water masses in the zone of mixing river and marine waters in the Gulf of Ob. The morphology of this species is analyzed with light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The valves of F. shirshovii sp. nov. are fusiform to almost linear. The frustules are linked together in the central part, forming double comb-shaped colonies. The axial area is narrow and linear, with a distinct rounded or rectangular fascia in the center. Ghost striae are present on the central area. Areolae are not discernible in LM. Apical pore fields are composed of small pores and closed papillary outgrowths. The lips of the rimoportula are well pronounced and the striae are uniseriate. Phylogenetic analysis based on partials 18S rRNA and rbcL genes infers the species F. shirshovii sp. nov. as a member of Fragilariaceae. The species most resembling F. shirshovii sp. nov. are F. crotonensis, F. pararumpens, F. bidens and F. perminuta. The differences between F. shirshovii sp. nov. and close taxa are discussed. This work is a pioneer investigation of Fragilariaceae taxa from the freshwater ecosystems of the Siberian Arctic using a combination of morphological and molecular tools.
Perilesional Targeted Biopsy Combined with MRI-TRUS Image Fusion-Guided Targeted Prostate Biopsy: An Analysis According to PI-RADS Scores
Authors: Tomioka Masayuki , Seike Kensaku , Uno Hiromi , Asano Nami , Watanabe Haruo , Tomioka-Inagawa Risa , Kawase Makoto , Kato Daiki , Takai Manabu , Iinuma Koji , Tobisawa Yuki , Nakane Keita , Tsuchiya Kunihiro , Ito Takayasu , Koie Takuya
Published: August 2023

A prostate-targeted biopsy (TB) core is usually collected from a site where magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) indicates possible cancer. However, the extent of the lesion is difficult to accurately predict using MRI or TB alone. Therefore, we performed several biopsies around the TB site (perilesional [p] TB) and analyzed the association between the positive cores obtained using TB and pTB and the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) scores. This retrospective study included patients who underwent prostate biopsies. The extent of pTB was defined as the area within 10 mm of a TB site. A total of 162 eligible patients were enrolled. Prostate cancer (PCa) was diagnosed in 75.2% of patients undergoing TB, with a positivity rate of 50.7% for a PI-RADS score of 3, 95.8% for a PI-RADS score of 4, and 100% for a PI-RADS score of 5. Patients diagnosed with PCa according to both TB and pTB had significantly higher positivity rates for PI-RADS scores of 4 and 5 than for a PI-RADS score of 3 (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0009, respectively). Additional pTB may be performed in patients with PI-RADS ≥ 4 regions of interest for assessing PCa malignancy.
Advanced Cardiac Imaging and Women’s Chest Pain: A Question of Gender
Authors: Dell’Aversana Federica , Tedeschi Carlo , Comune Rosita , Gallo Luigi , Ferrandino Giovanni , Basco Emilia , Tamburrini Stefania , Sica Giacomo , Masala Salvatore , Scaglione Mariano , Liguori Carlo
Published: August 2023

Awareness of gender differences in cardiovascular disease (CVD) has increased: both the different impact of traditional cardiovascular risk factors on women and the existence of sex-specific risk factors have been demonstrated. Therefore, it is essential to recognize typical aspects of ischemic heart disease (IHD) in women, who usually show a lower prevalence of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) as a cause of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). It is also important to know how to recognize pathologies that can cause acute chest pain with a higher incidence in women, such as spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) and myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA). Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) gained a pivotal role in the context of cardiac emergencies. Thus, the aim of our review is to investigate the most frequent scenarios in women with acute chest pain and how advanced cardiac imaging can help in the management and diagnosis of ACS.
A Bibliometric Analysis of Financial Technology: Unveiling the Research Landscape
Authors: Dissanayake Hiranya , Popescu Catalin , Iddagoda Anuradha
Published: August 2023

This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of research on financial technology (FinTech) as a methodology. The aim is to unveil the research landscape, trends, and influential factors within this rapidly evolving field. By examining publication records, citation patterns, and thematic maps, valuable insights into the intellectual structure and impact of FinTech research are provided. The analysis highlights the increasing research output and global interest in FinTech, identifies key contributors and knowledge hubs driving the field, and uncovers emerging research themes such as blockchain technology, digital payments, robo-advisors, peer-to-peer lending, and regulatory frameworks. This analysis serves as a roadmap for researchers, industry professionals, and policymakers, offering guidance for navigating the vast body of FinTech research, identifying research gaps, and fostering collaborations to drive innovation in the financial industry. Overall, this bibliometric analysis contributes to a better understanding of the current state of FinTech research and provides valuable insights for future research endeavors and decision-making in the field.
Solvability of a ϱ-Hilfer Fractional Snap Dynamic System on Unbounded Domains
Authors: Thabet Sabri T. M. , Vivas-Cortez Miguel , Kedim Imed , Samei Mohammad Esmael , Ayari M. Iadh
Published: August 2023

This paper is devoted to studying the ϱ-Hilfer fractional snap dynamic system under the ϱ-Riemann–Liouville fractional integral conditions on unbounded domains [a,∞),a≥0, for the first time. The results concerning the existence and uniqueness, along with the Ulam–Hyers, Ulam–Hyers–Rassias, and semi-Ulam–Hyers–Rassias stabilities, are established in an appropriate special Banach space according to fractional calculus, fixed point theory, and nonlinear analysis. At the end, a numerical example is presented for the interpretation of the main results.
Cellulose-Based Metallogels—Part 2: Physico-Chemical Properties and Biological Stability
Authors: Mikhailidi Aleksandra , Volf Irina , Belosinschi Dan , Tofanica Bogdan-Marian , Ungureanu Elena
Published: August 2023

Metallogels represent a class of composite materials in which a metal can be a part of the gel network as a coordinated ion, act as a cross-linker, or be incorporated as metal nanoparticles in the gel matrix. Cellulose is a natural polymer that has a set of beneficial ecological, economic, and other properties that make it sustainable: wide availability, renewability of raw materials, low-cost, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. That is why metallogels based on cellulose hydrogels and additionally enriched with new properties delivered by metals offer exciting opportunities for advanced biomaterials. Cellulosic metallogels can be either transparent or opaque, which is determined by the nature of the raw materials for the hydrogel and the metal content in the metallogel. They also exhibit a variety of colors depending on the type of metal or its compounds. Due to the introduction of metals, the mechanical strength, thermal stability, and swelling ability of cellulosic materials are improved; however, in certain conditions, metal nanoparticles can deteriorate these characteristics. The embedding of metal into the hydrogel generally does not alter the supramolecular structure of the cellulose matrix, but the crystallinity index changes after decoration with metal particles. Metallogels containing silver (0), gold (0), and Zn(II) reveal antimicrobial and antiviral properties; in some cases, promotion of cell activity and proliferation are reported. The pore system of cellulose-based metallogels allows for a prolonged biocidal effect. Thus, the incorporation of metals into cellulose-based gels introduces unique properties and functionalities of this material.
Trewia nudiflora Linn, a Medicinal Plant: Allelopathic Potential and Characterization of Bioactive Compounds from Its Leaf Extracts
Authors: Khatun Mst. Rokeya , Tojo Shunya , Teruya Toshiaki , Kato-Noguchi Hisashi
Published: August 2023

Trewia nudiflora Linn. is a valuable forest resource due to its economic, ethnomedicinal, and ecological properties; however, its allelopathic potential is undocumented. Therefore, this research was designed to investigate the allelopathic impacts of T. nudiflora leaf extracts on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.) growth, as well as to isolate and to identify the active allelopathic substances responsible for these effects. A bioassay experiment with eight different treatments (0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, 10, 30, 100, and 300 mg dry weight (DW) equivalents of T. nudiflora extracts in mL−1) was carried out. The results showed that the growth of both plants decreased with increasing contents of T. nudiflora extracts, with the effect depending on the plant species and reaching its peak at a concentration of a 300 mg DW equivalent of T. nudiflora extract in mL−1. Active substances were isolated and identified using an HPLC system, which revealed the presences of methyl gallate and pinoresinol in aqueous methanol extracts of T. nudiflora. The shoot and root lengths of the alfalfa and the barnyard grass decreased significantly when they were treated with the methyl gallate and the pinoresinol. The allelopathic inhibition increased with increasing compound concentrations, with the root growth being more sensitive to the pinoresinol than to the methyl gallate, and it was significantly higher at the concentration of 10 mM. These results indicated that the T. nudiflora leaf extracts limited the growth of the treated plants, and the methyl gallate and pinoresinol in the extracts may have caused the inhibition of the T. nudiflora extracts. Thus, the leaf extracts of T. nudiflora and the substances methyl gallate and pinoresinol could be incorporated into sustainable agricultural practices or used to develop bioherbicides that would promote sustainable weed management practices.
Community Solutions to Increase the Healthfulness of Grocery Stores: Perspectives of Immigrant Parents
Authors: Dastgerdizad Hadis , Dombrowski Rachael D. , Bode Bree , Knoff Kathryn A. G. , Kulik Noel , Mallare James , Kaur Ravneet , Dillaway Heather
Published: August 2023

Grocery store environments are recognized as one of the most crucial community settings for developing and maintaining healthy nutritional behaviors in children. This is especially true for disadvantaged ethnic minority families, such as immigrants, who reside in the Detroit Metropolitan area and have historically experienced inequities that result in poor health outcomes. Rates of obesity and type II diabetes have affected Detroit 38% more than the rest of the state and nationwide. In 2019, almost 54% of children aged 0–17 in Metro Detroit lived in poverty, and 21.6% experienced food insecurity, compared with the state level of 14.2%. Moreover, nearly 50% of ethnic minority children in Metro Detroit consume sports drinks, and 70% consume soda or pop in an average week. The primary purpose of this study was to explore immigrant parents’ perspectives on (1) how in-store Sugar-Sweetened Beverage (SSB) marketing impacts the purchasing behaviors of parents and the eating behaviors of toddlers, and the secondary objective was to (2) determine strategies to reduce SSB purchases and consumption within grocery environments from the viewpoints of immigrant parents. A qualitative multiple-case study design was used to achieve the aims of this study. Semi-structured individual interviews were completed with 18 immigrant parents of children aged 2 to 5 years old who were consumers in 30 independently owned full-service grocery stores within the immigrant enclaves of Detroit, Dearborn, Hamtramck, and Warren, Michigan. Three key thematic categories emerged from the parents’ narratives. These themes were: (1) non-supportive grocery store environments; (2) acculturation to the American food environment; and (3) strategies to support reduced SSB consumption among young immigrant children. The findings of this study revealed widespread SSB marketing targeting toddlers within the participating independently owned grocery stores. Even if families with young children practiced healthy nutritional behaviors, the prices, placements, and promotion of SSBs were challenges to establishing and sustaining these healthy eating habits. The parents believed that planning and implementing retail-based strategies in collaboration with families and considering families’ actual demands would assist in managing children’s eating patterns and reducing early childhood obesity.
Design and Selection of Inductor Current Feedback for the Sliding-Mode Controlled Hybrid Boost Converter
Authors: Chincholkar Satyajit , Tariq Mohd , Abdelhaq Maha , Alsaqour Raed
Published: August 2023

The hybrid step-up converter is a fifth-order system with a dc gain greater than the traditional second-order step-up configuration. Considering their high order, several state variables are accessible for feedback purposes in the control of such systems. Therefore, choosing the best state variables is essential since they influence the system’s dynamic response and stability. This work proposes a methodical method to identify the appropriate state variables in implementing a sliding-mode (SM) controlled hybrid boost converter. A thorough comparison of two SM controllers based on various feedback currents is conducted. The frequency response technique is used to demonstrate how the SM method employing the current through the output inductor leads to an unstable response. The right-half s-plane poles and zeroes in the converter’s inner-loop transfer function, which precisely cancel one another, are what is causing the instability. On the other hand, a stable system may result from employing a SM controller with the current through the input inductor. Lastly, some experimental outcomes using the preferred SM control method are provided.
Nanocomposite Nanofibers of Graphene—Fundamentals and Systematic Developments
Authors: Kausar Ayesha , Ahmad Ishaq , Zhao Tingkai , Aldaghri Osamah , Ibnaouf Khalid H. , Eisa M. H.
Published: August 2023

Research on polymer nanocomposite nanofibers has seen remarkable growth over the past several years. One of the main driving forces for this progress is the increasing applicability of polymer nanocomposite nanofibers for technological applications. This review basically aims to present the current state of manufacturing polymer/graphene nanofiber nanocomposites, using appropriate techniques. Consequently, various conducting and thermoplastic polymers have been processed with graphene nano-reinforcement to fabricate the nanocomposite nanofibers. Moreover, numerous methods have been adopted for the fabrication of polymer/graphene nanocomposites and nanofibers including interfacial polymerization, phase separation, freeze drying, template synthesis, drawing techniques, etc. For the formation of polymer/graphene nanocomposite nanofibers, electrospinning can be preferable due to various advantages such as the need for simple equipment, control over morphology, and superior properties of the obtained material. The techniques such as solution processing, melt spinning, and spin coating have also been used to manufacture nanofibers. Here, the choice of manufacturing techniques and parameters affects the final nanofiber morphology, texture, and properties. The manufactured nanocomposite nanofibers have been examined for exceptional structural, microstructure, thermal, and other physical properties. Moreover, the properties of polymer/graphene nanofiber rely on the graphene content, dispersion, and matrix–nanofiller interactions. The potential of polymer/graphene nanocomposite nanofibers has been investigated for radiation shielding, supercapacitors, membranes, and the biomedical field. Hence, this review explains the literature-driven significance of incorporating graphene in polymeric nanofibers. Conclusively, most of the studies focused on the electrospinning technique to design polymer/graphene nanofibers. Future research in this field may lead to advanced innovations in the design and technical applications of nanocomposite nanofibers. To the best of our knowledge, research reports are available on this topic; however, the stated literature is not in a compiled and updated form. Therefore, field researchers may encounter challenges in achieving future advancements in the area of graphene-based nanocomposite nanofibers without first consulting the recent literature, such as an assembled review, to gain necessary insights, etc. Consequently, this state-of-the-art review explores the manufacturing, properties, and potential of polymer/graphene nanocomposite nanofibers.
Correlating Ultrasonic Velocity in DC04 with Microstructure for Quantification of Ductile Damage
Authors: Wackenrohr Steffen , Herbst Sebastian , Wöbbeking Patrick , Gerstein Gregory , Nürnberger Florian
Published: August 2023

The detection of ductile damage by image-based methods is time-consuming and typically probes only small areas. It is therefore of great interest for various cold forming processes, such as sheet-bulk metal forming, to develop new methods that can be used during the forming process and that enable an efficient detection of ductile damage. In the present study, ductile damage in DC04 was examined using ultrasonic testing. First, different grain sizes were set by heat treatment. Subsequently, the sheet metal was formed by cold rolling. A clear correlation between the average void diameter and the measured ultrasonic velocity could be shown. The ultrasonic velocity showed a clear decrease when the average void size increased because of the increasing forming degree. The ultrasonic measurements were finally employed to calculate a damage parameter D to determine the amount of ductile damage in the microstructure for different grain sizes after cold rolling.
High Concentration Intrinsic Defects in MnSb2Te4
Authors: Xiong Jie , Peng Yin-Hui , Lin Jia-Yi , Cen Yu-Jie , Yang Xiao-Bao , Zhao Yu-Jun
Published: August 2023

MnSb2Te4 has a similar structure to an emerging material, MnBi2Te4. According to earlier theoretical studies, the formation energy of Mn antisite defects in MnSb2Te4 is negative, suggesting its inherent instability. This is clearly in contrast to the successful synthesis of experimental samples of MnSb2Te4. Here, the growth environment of MnSb2Te4 and the intrinsic defects are correspondingly investigated. We find that the Mn antisite defect is the most stable defect in the system, and a Mn-rich growth environment favors its formation. The thermodynamic equilibrium concentrations of the Mn antisite defects could be as high as 15% under Mn-poor conditions and 31% under Mn-rich conditions. It is also found that Mn antisite defects prefer a uniform distribution. In addition, the Mn antisite defects can modulate the interlayer magnetic coupling in MnSb2Te4, leading to a transition from the ideal antiferromagnetic ground state to a ferromagnetic state. The ferromagnetic coupling effect can be further enhanced by controlling the defect concentration.
Investigation of the Product of Random Matrices and Related Evolution Models
Authors: Mineo Hirobumi , Suvorov Vladimir , Saakian David B.
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we study the phase structure of the product of D * D order matrices. In each round, we randomly choose a matrix from a finite set of d matrices and multiply it with the product from the previous round. Initially, we derived a functional equation for the case of matrices with real eigenvalues and correlated choice of matrices, which led to the identification of several phases. Subsequently, we explored the case of uncorrelated choice of matrices and derived a simpler functional equation, again identifying multiple phases. In our investigation, we observed a phase with a smooth distribution in steady-state and phases with singularities. For the general case of D-dimensional matrices, we derived a formula for the phase transition point. Additionally, we solved a related evolution model. Moreover, we examined the relaxation dynamics of the considered models. In both the smooth phase and the phase with singularities, the relaxation is exponential. The superiority of relaxation in the smooth phase depends on the specific case.
Clustering Methods over the Tropical Projective Torus
Authors: Barnhill David , Yoshida Ruriko
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we propose clustering methods for use on data described as tropically convex. Our approach is similar to clustering methods used in the Euclidean space, where we identify groupings of similar observations using tropical analogs of K-means and hierarchical clustering in the Euclidean space. We provide results from computational experiments on generic simulated data as well as an application to phylogeny using ultrametrics, demonstrating the efficacy of these methods.
Airstream Association of Large Boundary Layer Rolls during Extratropical Transition of Post-Tropical Cyclone Sandy (2012)
Authors: Schiavone James A.
Published: August 2023

Better understanding of roll vortices that often occur in the tropical cyclone (TC) boundary layer is required to improve forecasts of TC intensification and the granularity of damaging surface winds. It is especially important to characterize rolls over a wide variety of TCs, their environments, and TC development phases. Boundary layer rolls have been observed in TCs since 1998, but only recently in a TC during its extratropical transition phase. The work reported herein is the first to analyze how boundary layer rolls are distributed among the extratropical features of a transitioning TC. To this end, routine and special operational observations recorded during landfalling Post-tropical Cyclone Sandy (2012) were leveraged, including radar, surface, rawinsonde, and aircraft reconnaissance observations. Large rolls occurred in cold airstreams, both in the cold conveyor belt within the northwestern storm quadrant and in the secluding airstream within the northeastern quadrant, but roll presence was much diminished within the intervening warm sector. The large size of the rolls and their confinement to cold airstreams is attributed to an optimum inflow layer depth, which is deep enough below a strong stable layer to accommodate deep and strong positive radial wind shear to promote roll growth, yet not so deep as to limit radial wind shear magnitude, as occurred in the warm sector.
Simulation Methods for MEMS S&A Devices for 2D Fuze Overload Loading
Authors: Wu Zhibo , Zhang Yanbing , Sun Chuanmeng , Feng Lei , Liu Shuangfeng , Jiao Bin
Published: August 2023

An experimental testing system for the two-dimensional (2D) fuze overload loading process was designed to address the loading issues of recoil overload and centrifugal overload in fuze safety and arming (S&A) device. By incorporating centrifuge rotation energy storage, impact acceleration simulation, and equivalent centrifugal rotation simulation, a block equipped with a fuze S&A device accelerated instantly upon having impact from a centrifuge-driven impact hammer, simulating recoil overload loading. The impact hammer was retracted instantaneously by adopting an electromagnetic brake, which resulted in the centrifugal rotation of the block around its track, to simulate the centrifugal overload loading. The dynamic equations of the experimental testing system and the equations of impact hammer motions were established, whereby the rotation speed of the centrifuge and the braking force of the electromagnetic brake were calculated and selected. A dynamic model of the collision between the impact hammer and block was established using ANSYS/LS-DYNA software for simulation analysis. The acceleration curves of the recoil overload and centrifugal overload with variations in the centrifuge speed, cushion material, and buffer thickness were obtained, which verified the feasibility of the proposed loading simulation method. Two-dimensional overload loading simulation tests were performed using the developed experimental testing system, and the acceleration curves of the recoil overload and centrifugal overload were measured. The test results indicated that the proposed system can accomplish 2D overload loading simulations for a recoil overload of several 10,000× g and centrifugal overload of several 1000× g.
Trabecular Bone Score Preceding and during a 2-Year Follow-Up after Sleeve Gastrectomy: Pitfalls and New Insights
Authors: Stokar Joshua , Ben-Porat Tair , Kaluti Donia , Abu-Gazala Mahmud , Weiss Ram , Mintz Yoav , Elazari Ram , Szalat Auryan
Published: August 2023

Bariatric surgery (BS) can have negative effects on bone health. Bone microarchitecture quality evaluation using the trabecular bone score (TBS) has not been described in patients after sleeve gastrectomy (SG). To test the hypothesis that the TBS is clinically useful for this population, we evaluated changes in bone mineral density (BMD) and the TBS in a longitudinal cohort study following SG. The measurements before surgery and after 12 and 24 postoperative months were as follows: weight, height, BMI, waist circumference (WC), BMD and TBS. The results at baseline showed the following: a mean BMI of 43 ± 0.56, TBS of 1.25 ± 0.02, lumbar spine BMD T-score of −0.4 ± 0.93, TBS T-score of −2.30 ± 0.21, significantly lower than BMD-T-score, and associated with a BMD-T-TBS-T gap (T-gap) of −2.05 ± 1.26 (−0.24 ± 0.13). One year after surgery, the TBS had significantly improved (+12.12% ± 1.5), leading to a T-gap of −0.296 ± 0.14, which remained stable at 2 years post-surgery. A correlation analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between the T-gap and WC (r = −0.43 p = 0.004). Our interpretation is that abdominal fat may interfere with image acquisition via increased tissue thickness, leading to a false low TBS at baseline. In conclusion, TBS should be interpreted with caution in patients with obesity and elevated WC. Additionally, we show that after SG, the LS microarchitecture measured using the TBS is partially degraded in up to 25% of patients. Further studies are warranted to assess hip bone microarchitecture changes after bariatric surgery.
Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load Estimates in the Dietary Approach of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Manta Aspasia , Paschou Stavroula , Isari Georgia , Mavroeidi Ioanna , Kalantaridou Sophia , Peppa Melpomeni
Published: August 2023

Polycystic ovary syndrome is a common endocrine disorder characterized by hormonal imbalances and various metabolic abnormalities linked to insulin resistance via a vicious cycle. Genetic and environmental factors underlie its pathogenesis and evolution. Nutrition, in terms of nutrient composition, dietary patterns, endocrine-disrupting chemicals, and food processing and preparation, has gained significant attention in the pathogenesis and the therapeutic approach of polycystic ovary syndrome. Carbohydrate intake seems to be a critical point in the diet assignment. Glycemic index and glycemic load constitute indexes of the impacts of dietary carbohydrates on postprandial glucose levels. Numerous studies have indicated that a high glycemic index and glycemic load diet may exacerbate insulin resistance, a key feature of the syndrome, and offer a risk for its development and its complications. Conversely, low-glycemic index and low-glycemic load diets seem to improve insulin sensitivity, regulate menstrual cycles, and mitigate the risk of comorbidities associated with polycystic ovary syndrome, such as obesity, alterations in body composition, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and quality of life. This comprehensive review aims to explore the relevance of nutrition and more specifically, the association of glycemic index and glycemic load with the various aspects of polycystic ovary syndrome, as well as to assess the potential benefits of manipulating those indexes in the dietary approach for the syndrome.
Evaluation and Management of Nutritional Consequences of Chronic Liver Diseases
Authors: Espina Silvia , Casas-Deza Diego , Bernal-Monterde Vanesa , Domper-Arnal María José , García-Mateo Sandra , Lué Alberto
Published: August 2023

Liver diseases are the major predisposing conditions for the development of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and frailty. Recently, the mechanism of the onset of these complications has been better established. Regardless of the etiology of the underlying liver disease, the clinical manifestations are common. The main consequences are impaired dietary intake, altered macro- and micronutrient metabolism, energy metabolism disturbances, an increase in energy expenditure, nutrient malabsorption, sarcopenia, frailty, and osteopathy. These complications have direct effects on clinical outcomes, survival, and quality of life. The nutritional status should be assessed systematically and periodically during follow-up in these patients. Maintaining and preserving an adequate nutritional status is crucial and should be a mainstay of treatment. Although general nutritional interventions have been established, special considerations are needed in specific settings such as decompensated cirrhosis, alcohol-related liver disease, and metabolic-dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease. In this review, we summarize the physiopathology and factors that impact the nutritional status of liver disease. We review how to assess malnutrition and sarcopenia and how to prevent and manage these complications in this setting.
Toward Stability Enhancement of NTS1R-Targeted Radioligands: Structural Interventions on [99mTc]Tc-DT1
Authors: Kanellopoulos Panagiotis , Nock Berthold A. , Krenning Eric P. , Maina Theodosia
Published: August 2023

The neurotensin subtype 1 receptor (NTS1R) is overexpressed in a number of human tumors, thereby representing a valid target for cancer theranostics with radiolabeled neurotensin (NT) analogs like [99mTc]Tc-DT1 (DT1, N4-Gly7-NT(8-13)). Thus far, the fast degradation of intravenously injected NT–radioligands by neprilysin (NEP) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) has compromised their clinical applicability. Aiming at metabolic stability enhancements, we herein introduce (i) DT7 ([DAsn14]DT1) and (ii) DT8 ([β-Homoleucine13]DT1), modified at the C-terminus, along with (iii) DT9 ([(palmitoyl)Lys7]DT1), carrying an albumin-binding domain (ABD) at Lys7. The biological profiles of the new [99mTc]Tc–radioligands were compared with [99mTc]Tc-DT1, using NTS1R-expressing AsPC-1 cells and mice models without or during NEP/ACE inhibition. The radioligands showed enhanced in vivo stability vs. [99mTc]Tc-DT1, with [99mTc]Tc-DT9 displaying full resistance to both peptidases. Furthermore, [99mTc]Tc-DT9 achieved the highest cell internalization and tumor uptake even without NEP/ACE-inhibition but with unfavorably high background radioactivity levels. Hence, unlike C-terminal modification, the introduction of a pendant ABD group in the linker turned out to be the most promising strategy toward metabolic stability, cell uptake, and tumor accumulation of [99mTc]Tc-DT1 mimics. To improve the observed suboptimal pharmacokinetics of [99mTc]Tc-DT9, the replacement of palmitoyl on Lys7 by other ABD groups is currently being pursued.
Comparison of Synchrotron and Laboratory X-ray Sources in Photoelectron Spectroscopy Experiments for the Study of Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Il’ina Marina V. , Khubezhov Soslan A. , Polyvianova Maria R. , Il’in Oleg I. , Dedkov Yuriy
Published: August 2023

The chemical composition and stoichiometry of vertically aligned arrays of nitrogen-doped multi-walled carbon nanotubes (N-CNTs) were studied by photoelectron spectroscopy using laboratory and synchrotron X-ray sources. We performed careful deconvolution of high-resolution core-level spectra to quantify pyridine/pyrrole-like defects in N-CNTs, which are a key factor in the efficiency of the piezoelectric response for this material. It is shown that the XPS method makes it possible to estimate the concentration and type of nitrogen incorporation (qualitatively and quantitatively) in the “N-CNT/Mo electrode” system using both synchrotron and laboratory sources. The obtained results allow us to study the effect of the nickel catalytic layer thickness on the concentration of pyridine/pyrrole-like nitrogen and piezoelectric response in the nanotubes.
Correlation between Frequency-Divided Magnetic Field and Channel-Base Current for Rocket-Triggered Lightning
Authors: Fan Yanfeng , Zhang Yang , Lyu Weitao , Ma Ying , Wu Bin , Qi Qi , Zheng Dong , Lu Gaopeng , Wu Ankun
Published: August 2023

Different discharge processes of triggered lightning can radiate electromagnetic signals with different frequency bands. During the triggered-lightning experiment conducted at the Field Experiment Base on Lightning Sciences of China Meteorological Administration (CMA-FEBLS), three magnetic field (B-field) antennas with different frequency responses were deployed at about 80 m from the rocket-launching site. By using the synchronous observations, the quantitative relationship between the close-range B-field measurement and the channel-base current at different stages of triggered lightning were established in the investigation. The initial continuous current (ICC) waveform can be reconstructed by numerically integrating the B-field signals measured with the dB/dt antenna. However, the slow variations of ICC cannot be retrieved by the B-field signals measured with the LF-MF antenna because the antenna bandwidth cannot cover a frequency below 500 Hz. The B-field signals of the return stroke measured with the low-sensitivity antenna can be simulated by the MTLL return-stroke model, and the B-field signal shows a fairly good consistency with the return-stroke current. The analyses suggest that the current waveform of the natural return stroke that occurred within 1.5 km can be retrieved, or at least its peak value can be estimated by using the B-field measurements.
Embracing Eco-Digitalization and Green Finance Policies for Sustainable Environment: Do the Engagements of Multinational Corporations Make or Mar the Target for Selected MENA Countries?
Authors: Yan Ying , Ibrahim Ridwan Lanre , Al-Faryan Mamdouh Abdulaziz Saleh , Oke David Mautin
Published: August 2023

It is an undeniable fact that the digital economy and green financing are persistently gaining global attention as effective tools for achieving rapid economic growth and development. However, the environmental effects of these indicators are just evolving, leaving the research community with insufficient policies for harnessing the much-anticipated sustainability agenda. Hence, this research provides the first empirical evidence of the impacts of eco-digitalization and green financing on the sustainable environment in selected Middle East and North African countries from 1995 to 2019. The empirical model considers the roles of multinational corporations, renewable and nonrenewable energy, economic growth, and population growth as covariates models based on the STIRPAT framework. The stated hypotheses are verified based on Cross-Sectionally Augmented Mean Group, Mean Group, Common Correlated Mean Group, and Panel Quantile Regression. Findings show that from eco-digitalization, green financing, and renewable energy drive sustainable environment agenda. On the flip side, nonrenewable energy, economic growth, and population growth largely deter delivering on the blueprint. The estimated results are corroborated by findings from panel quantiles regression. Furthermore, the panel causality uncovers the existence of bidirectional and unidirectional causality in the estimated model. Policy insights that support the pathways toward sustainability in MENA economies are suggested based on the findings.
Effect of Curing Condition and Solvent Content on Mechanical Properties of Zein-Biopolymer-Treated Soil
Authors: Babatunde Quadri Olakunle , Son Dong Geon , Kim Sang Yeob , Byun Yong-Hoon
Published: August 2023

The curing condition and solvent composition of biopolymer binders may impact their efficacy for soil stabilization. This study introduces a novel hydrophobic biopolymer, zein, and investigates the effects of solvent and curing conditions on the mechanical properties of zein-treated soils. The zein biopolymer is used to prepare cohesionless soil with various ethanol contents. Unconfined compressive strength and microscopic tests are used to investigate the treated specimens under two different curing conditions. The mechanical properties of the treated specimens are evaluated in terms of compressive strength and the secant elastic modulus. The experimental results show that the compressive strength and elastic modulus increase with the curing period under both curing conditions. Higher curing temperature improves the compressive strength of biopolymer-treated specimens. The linear relationship between compressive strength and the elastic modulus of zein-treated soils shows higher strength and a lower elastic modulus compared to rock. Furthermore, the zein biopolymer shows significant strength improvement compared to the existing biopolymers, including casein and lignin. Thus, the effects of solvent and curing conditions on the mechanical properties of zein-treated soil should be considered for its application to soil stabilization.
Towards Sustainability Assessment of the Built Environment: A Classification of the Existing Challenges
Authors: Amini Toosi Hashem , Lavagna Monica , Leonforte Fabrizio , Del Pero Claudio , Aste Niccolò
Published: August 2023

The application of sustainability assessment in a decision context is associated with various challenges that explain why the transition to action-oriented knowledge still needs to be fulfilled. Therefore, this paper aims to explore the associated challenges in sustainability assessment in the decision context of the built environment. Several publications are reviewed to provide a systemic understanding of the associated complexities. The challenges in sustainability assessment in the built environment are categorized at different levels, from understanding to measurement and implementation. The challenges are further categorized into definition, context, interpretation, data, measurement methods, uncertainties, indicators and indices, results, coordination, conflicts, and action-oriented knowledge. Moreover, according to the nature of each challenge, they are classified into epistemological, methodological, and procedural challenges. The novelty of this review is that it reviews and reports almost all fragmentedly reported challenges in sustainability assessment of the built environment in the literature within a holistic framework that provides a clear understanding of the state of the art and second discusses them within an integrated framework (the Sustainability Assessment Network) including the position of active-role players to resolve them, including strategists, scientist, and stakeholders.