bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interaction Between Gender and Space: A Study on the Genealogy of Feminist Architecture
Authors: Xu Zhixin , Huang Xia , Li Xiaoming , Duan Chenhao
Published: November 2024

The exploration and advancement of feminism are vital for addressing critical issues such as social progress, equitable education, and healthcare access. This paper comprehensively examines the feminist movement’s impact on architecture over the past century, identifying key trends and significant areas to establish an academic foundation for feminist architecture. A literature review on feminism in urban planning, architecture, landscape design, and urban safety highlights the current research focus on feminist architectural development. Furthermore, this paper traces the evolution of feminist architecture through both purpose-driven and process-oriented approaches, exploring the interplay between feminist and modern architectural practices. It specifically examines the development of feminist architecture within the Chinese context from two perspectives: the influence of feminist thought on architecture and the evolution of gendered spaces within the “Residence and Courtyard” model. By comparing the internal logic of feminist architectural development in China and the West, this study investigates how geopolitical culture and regional differences shape the future trajectory of this field. Unlike traditional feminist architectural research, which often emphasizes women’s practices within specific feminist ideologies or focuses on visual culture and psychological interpretations of gendered spaces, this paper redefines the scope of feminist architectural studies through a comparative analysis of historical and contemporary contexts, and Eastern and Western perspectives, employing a systematic genealogical approach.
A Novel Method to Profile Transcripts Encoding SH2 Domains in the Patiria miniata Mature Egg Transcriptome
Authors: Bates Lauren , Wiseman Emily , Whetzel Alexis , Carroll David J.
Published: November 2024

The critical mechanism to restart zygote metabolism and prevent polyspermy during fertilization is the intracellular Ca2+ increase. All of the signaling molecules leading to the Ca2+ rise are not fully known in any species. In the sea star Patiria miniata, SFK1, SFK3, and PLCγ participate in this fertilization Ca2+ increase. These proteins share common regulatory features, including signaling via tyrosine phosphorylation and their SH2 domains. In this study, we explore two different bioinformatic strategies to identify transcripts in the Patiria miniata mature egg transcriptome (Accession PRJNA398668) that code for proteins possessing an SH2 domain. The first identified the longest open reading frame for each transcript and then utilized similarity searching tools to provide identities for each transcript. The second, novel, method involved a six-frame translation of the entire transcriptome to identify SH2 domain-containing proteins. The identified transcripts were aligned against the NCBI non-redundant database and the SwissProt database. Eighty-two transcripts that encoded SH2 domains were identified. Of these, 33 were only found using the novel method. This work furthers research into egg activation by providing possible target proteins for future experiments and a novel method for identifying specific proteins of interest within a de novo transcriptome.
Reduced Levels of miR-145-3p Drive Cell Cycle Progression in Advanced High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer
Authors: González-Cantó Eva , Monteiro Mariana , Aghababyan Cristina , Ferrero-Micó Ana , Navarro-Serna Sergio , Mellado-López Maravillas , Tomás-Pérez Sarai , Sandoval Juan , Llueca Antoni , Herreros-Pomares Alejandro , Gilabert-Estellés Juan , Pérez-García Vicente , Marí-Alexandre Josep
Published: November 2024

High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the most lethal form of gynecologic cancer, with limited treatment options and a poor prognosis. Epigenetic factors, such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and DNA methylation, play pivotal roles in cancer progression, yet their specific contributions to HGSOC remain insufficiently understood. In this study, we performed comprehensive high-throughput analyses to identify dysregulated miRNAs in HGSOC and investigate their epigenetic regulation. Analysis of tissue samples from advanced-stage HGSOC patients revealed 20 differentially expressed miRNAs, 11 of which were corroborated via RT-qPCR in patient samples and cancer cell lines. Among these, miR-145-3p was consistently downregulated post-neoadjuvant therapy and was able to distinguish tumoural from control tissues. Further investigation confirmed that DNA methylation controls MIR145 expression. Functional assays showed that overexpression of miR-145-3p significantly reduced cell migration and induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest by modulating the cyclin D1-CDK4/6 pathway. These findings suggest that miR-145-3p downregulation enhances cell proliferation and motility in HGSOC, implicating its restoration as a potential therapeutic target focused on G1/S phase regulation in the treatment of HGSOC.
Self-Etching Ceramic Primer Application Time Influences Durability of Bonding to Lithium Disilicate and Advanced Lithium Disilicate Ceramics
Authors: Alsolami Ashwaq , Alzahrani Khaled M.
Published: November 2024

Background: Monobond Etch & Prime (MEP; Ivoclar) has a material-dependent effect on dental ceramics. This study evaluated the impact of MEP application time on the resin–ceramic shear bond strength (SBS) of lithium disilicate (LD) and advanced lithium disilicate (ALD) ceramics. Methods: LD and ALD discs were distributed into four groups (n = 20): no surface treatment; 5% HF etching followed by the application of a silane-containing primer (S); MEP applied for 40 s and maintained for 20 s; MEP applied for 2 min and maintained for 40 s. Resin–ceramic SBS was evaluated at 24 h and after thermocycling. The statistical analysis of SBS was performed by using the three-way ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparisons tests. Additional ceramic samples were prepared to assess the surface topography. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the SBS of the MEP groups (20 s and 2 min) and HF + S. However, only the HF + S and MEP (2 min) groups showed durable adhesion after thermocycling. MEP resulted in less distinct surface alterations compared with HF etching. Conclusion: Increasing the application time of MEP to 2 min resulted in more durable resin–ceramic adhesion compared with the application time (40 s) recommended by the manufacturer. The adhesion of resin–ceramic to LD and ALD did not significantly differ.
Influence of Construction Process on Aggregate Spalling Behavior on Ultrathin Waterborne Epoxy Resin Layer
Authors: Yuan Jiaquan , Zhang Yifan , Huang Haoyang , Zhou Gang , Fu Chaoliang , Duan Wenhong , Jiang Weihong , Xiong Li , Li Huimei , Yang Xiaohua , Li Chuanqiang
Published: November 2024

The waterborne epoxy resin (WER) colored antiskid thin layer has been widely used in asphalt pavement to improve driving safety. The tectonic depth determines the antiskid performance of aparticle antiskid type thin layer. The spalling of aggregate from a thin layer may reduce the tectonic depth, thus damaging antiskid performance. The spreading process of aggregate on the WER binder surface plays an important role in the spalling behavior of the thin layer. Herein, the influence of spreading processes on the ceramic aggregate spalling behavior on the WER thin layer was investigated based on laboratory experiments. The abrasion and British Pendulum Number (BPN) tests were employed to evaluate the antispalling and antiskid properties of the WER thin layers with different amounts of WER mortar, coverage rates of first-spread aggregate, and spreading orders of coarse/fine aggregates. Moreover, the tectonic depths of the layers before/after the spalling test were also investigated. The results indicated that the optimal dosage of WER mortar is 2.8 kg/m2. The WER thin layer exhibited better anti-striping property when coarse ceramic aggregate was spread first. The first-spread coverage rate of the aggregate on the WER surface is 70%. The thin layer exhibited a superior antispalling performance according to the resulting scheme, with a spalling rate of 3.77%. The tectonic depth only decreased from 1.87 to 1.80 mm after the spalling test.
Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Enterography: From Protocols to Diagnosis
Authors: Maino Cesare , Mariani Ilaria , Drago Silvia Girolama , Franco Paolo Niccolò , Giandola Teresa Paola , Donati Francescamaria , Boraschi Piero , Ippolito Davide
Published: November 2024

Both Magnetic Resonance Enterography (MRE) and Computed Tomography Enterography (CTE) are crucial imaging modalities in the diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). CTE is often used in acute scenarios, such as when complications (such as abscesses, perforations, or bowel obstructions) are suspected. It can also help determine the degree and extent of pathological processes. Although CTE is rapid, generally accessible, and offers precise images that are useful in emergencies, it does expose patients to ionizing radiation. Nevertheless, MRE is very useful in assessing perianal illness and the small intestine, and it is frequently used in patients who need repeated follow-ups or are pregnant to minimize radiation exposure. Moreover, MRE can demonstrate oedema, fistulas, abscesses, and the thickening of the bowel wall. In addition, MRE offers superior soft tissue contrast resolution without ionizing radiation, which helps identify complications such as fistulas and abscesses. With their respective advantages and disadvantages, both approaches play essential roles in assessing IBD. The primary goal of this review is to provide an overview of the technical specifications, benefits, drawbacks, and imaging findings of CTE and MRE.
Diagnostic Performance of Artificial Intelligence in Chest Radiographs Referred from the Emergency Department
Authors: López Alcolea Julia , Fernández Alfonso Ana , Cano Alonso Raquel , Álvarez Vázquez Ana , Díaz Moreno Alejandro , García Castellanos David , Sanabria Greciano Lucía , Hayoun Chawar , Recio Rodríguez Manuel , Andreu Vázquez Cristina , Thuissard Vasallo Israel John , Martínez de Vega Vicente
Published: November 2024

Background: The increasing integration of AI in chest X-ray evaluation holds promise for enhancing diagnostic accuracy and optimizing clinical workflows. However, understanding its performance in real-world clinical settings is essential. Objectives: In this study, we evaluated the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of an AI-based software (Arterys MICA v29.4.0) alongside a radiology resident in interpreting chest X-rays referred from the emergency department (ED), using a senior radiologist’s assessment as the gold standard (GS). We assessed the concordance between the AI system and the resident, noted the frequency of doubtful cases for each category, identified how many were considered positive by the GS, and assessed variables that AI was not trained to detect. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study analyzing chest X-rays from a sample of 784 patients referred from the ED at our hospital. The AI system was trained to detect five categorical variables—pulmonary nodule, pulmonary opacity, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, and fracture—and assign each a confidence label (“positive”, “doubtful”, or “negative”). Results: Sensitivity in detecting fractures and pneumothorax was high (100%) for both AI and the resident, moderate for pulmonary opacity (AI = 76%, resident = 71%), and acceptable for pleural effusion (AI = 60%, resident = 67%), with negative predictive values (NPV) above 95% and areas under the curve (AUC) exceeding 0.8. The resident showed moderate sensitivity (75%) for pulmonary nodules, while AI’s sensitivity was low (33%). AI assigned a “doubtful” label to some diagnoses, most of which were deemed negative by the GS; the resident expressed doubt less frequently. The Kappa coefficient between the resident and AI was fair (0.3) across most categories, except for pleural effusion, where concordance was moderate (0.5). Our study highlighted additional findings not detected by AI, including 16% prevalence of mediastinal abnormalities, 20% surgical materials, and 20% other pulmonary findings. Conclusions: Although AI demonstrated utility in identifying most primary findings—except for pulmonary nodules—its high NPV suggests it may be valuable for screening. Further training of the AI software and broadening its scope to identify additional findings could enhance its detection capabilities and increase its applicability in clinical practice.
Spatial Variability of Soil CO2 Emissions and Microbial Communities in a Mediterranean Holm Oak Forest
Authors: Di Bene Claudia , Canfora Loredana , Migliore Melania , Francaviglia Rosa , Farina Roberta
Published: November 2024

Forests play a key role in the global carbon (C) cycle through multiple interactions between above-ground and soil microbial communities. Deeper insights into the soil microbial composition and diversity at different spatial scales and soil depths are of paramount importance. We hypothesized that in a homogeneous above-ground tree cover, the heterogeneous distribution of soil microbial functional diversity and processes at the small scale is correlated with the soil’s chemical properties. From this perspective, in a typical Mediterranean holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) peri-urban forest, soil carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions were measured with soil chambers in three different plots. In each plot, to test the linkage between above-ground and below-ground communities, soil was randomly sampled along six vertical transects (0–100 cm) to investigate soil physico-chemical parameters; microbial processes, measured using Barometric Process Separation (BaPS); and structural and functional diversity, assessed using T-RFLP and qPCR Real Time analyses. The results highlighted that the high spatial variability of CO2 emissions—confirmed by the BaPS analysis—was associated with the microbial communities’ abundance (dominated by bacteria) and structural diversity (decreasing with soil depth), measured by H′ index. Bacteria showed higher variability than fungi and archaea at all depths examined. Such an insight showed the clear ecological and environmental implications of soil in the overall sustainability of the peri-urban forest system.
Long-Term Cumulative Effect of Management Decisions on Forest Structure and Biodiversity in Hemiboreal Forests
Authors: Paluots Teele , Liira Jaan , Leis Mare , Laarmann Diana , Põldveer Eneli , Franklin Jerry F. , Korjus Henn
Published: November 2024

We evaluated the long-term impacts of various forest management practices on the structure and biodiversity of Estonian hemiboreal forests, a unique ecological transition zone between temperate and boreal forests, found primarily in regions with cold winters and moderately warm summers, such as the northern parts of Europe, Asia, and North America. The study examined 150 plots across stands of different ages (65–177 years), including commercial forests and Natura 2000 habitat 9010* “Western Taiga”. These plots varied in stand origin—multi-aged (trees of varying ages) versus even-aged (uniform tree ages), management history—historical (practices before the 1990s) and recent (post-1990s practices), and conservation status—protected forests (e.g., Natura 2000 areas) and commercial forests focused on timber production. Data on forest structure, including canopy tree diameters, deadwood volumes, and species richness, were collected alongside detailed field surveys of vascular plants and bryophytes. Management histories were assessed using historical maps and records. Statistical analyses, including General Linear Mixed Models (GLMMs), Multi-Response Permutation Procedures (MRPP), and Indicator Species Analysis (ISA), were used to evaluate the effects of origin, management history, and conservation status on forest structure and species composition. Results indicated that multi-aged origin forests had significantly higher canopy tree diameters and deadwood volumes compared to even-aged origin stands, highlighting the benefits of varied-age management for structural diversity. Historically managed forests showed increased tree species richness, but lower deadwood volumes, suggesting a biodiversity–structure trade-off. Recent management, however, negatively impacted both deadwood volume and understory diversity, reflecting short-term forestry consequences. Protected areas exhibited higher deadwood volumes and bryophyte richness compared to commercial forests, indicating a small yet persistent effect of conservation strategies in sustaining forest complexity and biodiversity. Indicator species analysis identified specific vascular plants and bryophytes as markers of long-term management impacts. These findings highlight the ecological significance of integrating historical legacies and conservation priorities into modern management to support forest resilience and biodiversity.
Streptomyces hygroscopicus and rapamycinicus Evaluated from a U.S. Marine Sanctuary: Biosynthetic Gene Clusters Encode Antibiotic and Chemotherapeutic Secondary Metabolites
Authors: Flaherty Hannah R. , Aytur Semra A. , Bucci John P.
Published: November 2024

Cancer remains a leading cause of death worldwide. Also threatening the public is the emergence of antibiotic resistance to existing medicines. Despite the challenge to produce viable natural products to market, there continues to be a need within public health to provide new chemotherapeutic drugs such as those exhibiting cytotoxicity and tumor cell growth-inhibitory properties. As marine genomic research advances, it is apparent that marine-derived sediment harbors uniquely potent bioactive compounds compared to their terrestrial counterparts. The Streptomyces genus in particular produces more than 30% of all secondary metabolites currently approved for human health, thus harboring unexplored reservoirs of chemotherapeutic and antibiotic agents to combat emerging disease. The present study identifies the presence of Streptomyces hygroscopicus and rapamycinicus in environmental sediment at locations within the U.S. Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary (SBNMS) from 2017 to 2022. Sequencing and bioinformatics methods catalogued biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) that drive cytotoxic and antibiotic biochemical processes in samples collected from sites permittable and protected to fishing activity. Poisson regression models confirmed that Sites 1 and 3 had significantly higher occurrences of rapamycinicus than other sites (p < 0.01). Poisson regression models confirmed that Sites 1, 2 and 3 had significantly higher occurrence for Streptomyces hygroscopicus across sites (p < 0.05). Interestingly, permitted fishing sites showed a greater prevalence of both species. Statistical analyses showed a significant difference in aligned hits with polyketide synthases (PKSs) and non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) by site and between species with hygroscopicus showing a greater quantity than rapamycinicus among Streptomyces spp. (p < 0.05; F = 4.7 > F crit).
Engineering Properties of Marine Soils and Offshore Foundations
Authors: Dong Youkou , Fu Dengfeng , Feng Xiaowei
Published: November 2024

To reduce greenhouse gas emissions and enhance energy security, the role of renewable energy in the global energy structure is becoming increasingly significant [...]
Underwater Image Enhancement Methods Using Biovision and Type-II Fuzzy Set
Authors: Chi Yuliang , Zhang Chao
Published: November 2024

Accurately extracting underwater images has never been more challenging, as the lack of clarity of detail due to issues such as scattering and light absorption is more noticeable than ever before. This research method addresses these problems while clarifying the limitations of existing methods and proposes a comprehensive approach to underwater image processing. Current methods tend to focus only on the effects of individual factors, such as color shifts, visibility, or contrast enhancement, and do not take into account biological vision applications. In contrast, the method proposed in this paper applies a color correction module that takes into account the effects of biological vision in LAB color space, and an enhanced Type-II Fuzzy set visibility enhancement module. This synchronized approach overcomes the limitations of the previous methods in that the contrast enhancement utilizes a curve transform and a multi-scale fusion strategy that preserves the essential image details. The framework not only adjusts the overall image features, but also finely handles the local details, resulting in a significant enhancement of both the overall quality and the local detail clarity of underwater images. The experimental results demonstrate that the application of the method of this study on two datasets gives results that are better than those of the top 10 existing algorithms. By explicitly addressing the limitations of existing methods, the method becomes an advantageous solution in underwater image processing, providing enhancements in image quality and task-specific applications in a concise and efficient manner.
Radiosurgery for Hypothalamic Gliomas: A Case Report and Clinical Guidelines Form a Neurosurgical Center of Excellence
Authors: Valerio Jose , Borro Matteo , Santiago Rea Noe , Valente Laurel , Fernandez-Gomez Maria P. , Zumaeta Jorge , Mantilla Penelope , Alvarez-Pinzon Andres M.
Published: November 2024

Background: Hypothalamic gliomas, though rare, present significant challenges in neuro-oncology due to their critical location and high morbidity risk. Pilocytic astrocytoma is the most common subtype, requiring a delicate balance between tumor control and preservation of neurological function. This study explores radiosurgery as a viable treatment option for hypothalamic gliomas, with a focus on low-grade lesions. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using the PubMed database to compare the outcomes of surgical and non-surgical interventions for hypothalamic gliomas. The purpose of case report and clinical guidelines is to present a case report and critically compare its outcomes with the data identified in the literature. We report the case of a 25-year-old male presenting with hypernatremia, diabetes insipidus, and altered mental status. Imaging revealed a hypothalamic lesion consistent clinically with a low-grade astrocytoma. Given the tumor’s proximity to critical neurovascular structures, gamma knife radiosurgery was chosen as the intervention. Post treatment, tumor reduction and neurological improvement were observed and documented. Results: The case demonstrated a significant decrease in tumor size and resolution of neurological symptoms post radiosurgery. The management of hypothalamic gliomas remains contentious due to the complex anatomy of the hypothalamus. While surgical resection remains common, it carries a high risk of morbidity. Radiosurgery offers a minimally invasive alternative, effectively controlling tumor growth while reducing neurological risk. The favorable outcomes in our case, supported by the literature, highlight the efficacy of radiosurgery, particularly for low-grade astrocytomas. Conclusions: Gamma knife radiosurgery presents a promising alternative to conventional surgery for hypothalamic gliomas, particularly low-grade lesions such as pilocytic astrocytomas. The reduction in surgical risk and positive clinical outcomes make radiosurgery a valuable tool in the management of these challenging tumors.
Prevalence of Child Fever, Acute Respiratory Infection, and Diarrhea and Their Risk Factors in Sierra Leone
Authors: Kim Hana , Jin Yan
Published: November 2024

Sierra Leone has the fourth-highest child mortality rate in Sub-Saharan Africa. This retrospective study aimed to estimate the nationwide prevalence of fever, acute respiratory infection (ARI), and diarrhea in children under 5 years in Sierra Leone, and to identify the risk factors associated with these diseases. We extracted patient information from the 2019 Sierra Leone Demographic and Health Survey data. Data were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. In total, 8659, 8652, and 8650 children were included in the analyses of fever, ARI, and diarrhea, respectively. The analysis revealed that the nationwide prevalence rates of fever, ARI, and diarrhea were 16.8%, 14.2%, and 7.2%, respectively. Children aged 12–23 months were found to be the most susceptible. Compared to children consuming unimproved water, the highest prevalence rates of fever, ARI, and diarrhea were observed among children residing in households with tube wells or boreholes. The adjusted odds ratio for diarrhea prevalence among children drinking water from household tube wells or boreholes was 1.47 (95% confidence interval: 1.17–1.84, p < 0.001). This study has several limitations, including recall bias due to parental reporting. We suspect that the diseases may be associated with potential water contamination in tube wells or boreholes. We recommend national-level periodic inspections of water quality and community-level education on water supply management.
A Combined Capacity Planning and Simulation Approach for the Optimization of AGV Systems in Complex Production Logistics Environments
Authors: Kováts Péter , Skapinyecz Róbert
Published: November 2024

Background: The capacity planning of production systems is one of the most fundamental strategic problems in the creation of a production plant. However, the implementation of increasingly complex production systems combined with sophisticated automated material handling justifies the development of novel approaches to solve the combined capacity planning and material handling problem, which is also the objective of the current study. Methods: The presented approach combines the use of capacity planning formulas and discrete event simulation for optimizing extensive automated guided vehicle (AGV) systems from the aspect of the number of required vehicles. Extensive series of simulation experiments are applied in the case of each model variant for optimal results and to account for machine failures in the system. Results: The application of the proposed method is demonstrated through a realistic sample problem in a plastic industry setting with the use of the Siemens Tecnomatix Plant Simulation software (version 2302.0003, Educational license). Conclusions: The results from the sample problem demonstrate the usefulness of the approach, as a non-intuitive solution proved to be the most efficient. Additionally, the main advantage of the method is that it provides a standardized framework for the simulation-based optimization of AGV systems starting out from the comprehensive production capacity parameters.
Liquid Metal Leaching for Rare Earth Magnet Recycling
Authors: Opoku Emmanuel , Chinwego Chinenye , Powell Adam , Mishra Brajendra
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the optimization of liquid metal leaching for recycling rare earth elements (REEs) from NdFeB magnets, a critical step in addressing the increasing demand for these materials in various high-tech applications. We explored the effects of leaching time, stirring, and magnet demagnetization on the yield of the leaching process using molten magnesium. Conducted at 900 °C, our experiments assessed the leaching process over periods of 2, 3.5, and 5 h, with and without the application of stirring. Our findings show that longer leaching times considerably increase neodymium (Nd) and praseodymium (Pr) leaching yield, with a notable peak in efficiency found at 5 h. Stirring improved the uniformity of REEs significantly and resulted in up to 80% yield. Furthermore, our data show that pre-leaching magnet demagnetization improves leaching specificity, significantly reducing the presence of non-target metals like nickel and copper. These insights offer a pathway to more cost-effective recycling of REEs from magnet scrap, which is essential for environmentally conscious management of resources amid the escalating global demand for REEs.
The Study and Application on Ductile Fracture Criterion of Dual Phase Steels During Forming
Authors: Zhao Lianxing , Fei Xiaotao , Sun Chaifeng , Liu Peng , Li Di
Published: November 2024

High-strength steel exhibits complex fracture behavior due to the interplay between shear and necking mechanisms during stamping and forming processes, posing challenges to achieving the dimensional accuracy and reliability demanded for automotive body panels. Existing prediction methods often fail to simultaneously account for both tensile and shear fracture characteristics, thereby limiting their predictive accuracy under diverse stress conditions. To address this limitation, we propose a ductile fracture criterion that integrates both tensile and shear mechanisms, calibrated using a single tensile–shear test to facilitate practical engineering applications. This study investigates the fracture characteristics of DP780 dual-phase steel through numerical analysis and tensile–shear experiments. The findings establish a relationship between stress triaxiality and ultimate fracture strain across varying stress states, represented by the B–W curve. Simulations reveal distinct stress triaxiality behaviors under different loading conditions: under uniaxial tensile loading, triaxiality ranges from 0.33 to 0.6, with fracture strain decreasing monotonically as triaxiality increases. Under shear loading, triaxiality ranges from 0 to 0.33, with fracture strain increasing monotonically as triaxiality rises. Additional bending simulations validate that this criterion, along with the B–W curve, reliably predicts the fracture behavior of DP780, offering an effective tool for predicting fracture in dual-phase steels during stamping and forming processes.
Integrating Multiple Hierarchical Parameters to Achieve the Self-Compensation of Scale Factor in a Micro-Electromechanical System Gyroscope
Authors: Zhou Rui , Cui Rang , An Daren , Shen Chong , Bai Yu , Cao Huiliang
Published: November 2024

The scale factor of thermal sensitivity serves as a crucial performance metric for micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) gyroscopes, and is commonly employed to assess the temperature stability of inertial sensors. To improve the temperature stability of the scale factor of MEMS gyroscopes, a self-compensation method is proposed. This is achieved by integrating the primary and secondary relevant parameters of the scale factor using the partial least squares regression (PLSR) algorithm. In this paper, a scale factor prediction model is presented. The model indicates that the resonant frequency and demodulation phase angle are the primary correlation terms of the scale factor, while the drive control voltage and quadrature feedback voltage are the secondary correlation terms of the scale factor. By employing a weighted fusion of correlated terms through PLSR, the scale factor for temperature sensitivity is markedly enhanced by leveraging the predicted results to compensate for the output. The results indicate that the maximum error of the predicted scale factor is 0.124% within the temperature range of −40 °C to 60 °C, and the temperature sensitivity of the scale factor decreases from 6180 ppm/°C to 9.39 ppm/°C.
A Compact Wideband Vivaldi Antenna for Non-Invasive Glucose Monitoring
Authors: Yang Shasha , Wang Yu , Gao Shiwen , Zhuang Yi , Wang Lifeng , Yi Zhenxiang , Zhang Weixun
Published: November 2024

Due to the high gain, wide bandwidth, and directional radiation characteristics of Vivaldi antennas, this paper conducted relevant research on the feasibility of non-destructive blood glucose detection based on Vivaldi antennas. The research included finite element method (FEM) simulation and glucose concentration monitoring. In the simulation stage, the power transmission and reflection characteristics, radiation characteristics, and electric field distribution characteristics of the antenna were described in detail. In the test stage, the S11 response of the antenna to variation in glucose concentration in the range of 0–6.11 mg/mL was measured, including the S11 amplitude and phase. The experimental results show that there is a high linear correlation between the S11 response and glucose concentration, and the sensitivity of the S11 amplitude response to the variation in glucose concentration is close to 0.3445 (dB/(mg/mL)) at 14.2556 GHz, and the sensitivity of the S11 phase response to the variation in glucose concentration is about 0.5652 (degree/(mg/mL)) at 14.37 GHz. In addition, the predicted results of the glucose concentration based on linear regression are discussed.
Formation of Ferrogabbro Through Fe-Ti Oxide Accumulation Under Moderate Oxidation Conditions: Insights from the Dashanshu Intrusion in the Emeishan Large Igneous Province, SW China
Authors: Jiang Manrong , Liu Wenhao , Zu Bo , Wang Weihua
Published: November 2024

The mechanism of iron enrichment in ferrogabbro remains a controversial subject. This study provides valuable insights derived from the Dashanshu intrusion, located in the Emeishan Large Igneous Province in southwestern China, which features ferrogabbro with a notably high iron content (total Fe2O3 reaching up to 21.6 wt.%). The ferrogabbro samples exhibit distinctive petrographic features, including the early crystallization of plagioclase prior to pyroxenes, amphibole replacing pyroxenes, and magnetite–ilmenite intergrowth filling the interstices between plagioclase and pyroxenes. A quantitative mineral analysis based on micro-X-ray fluorescence element mapping reveals a positive correlation between Fe-Ti oxides and bulk-rock iron contents, suggesting that the formation of ferrogabbro is primarily attributed to the accumulation of Fe-Ti oxides. Petrographic characteristics combined with oxygen fugacity determinations indicate that the primitive magma had a low content of water and was moderately oxidized (ΔFMQ − 0.13 to ΔFMQ + 1.35). These conditions suppress the early crystallization of Fe-Ti oxides, thereby allowing for an enrichment of iron in the residual magma. Following the crystallization of plagioclase and pyroxenes, increased water content—evidenced by amphibole replacing pyroxenes—triggers extensive crystallization of Fe-Ti oxides. Due to their late-stage crystallization, these oxides do not settle within the magma, which possesses a high crystallinity (>50%) and consequently exhibits non-Newtonian fluid behavior. This results in the localized accumulation of Fe-Ti oxides and the formation of a ferrogabbro layer. However, the late-stage crystallization of Fe-Ti oxides also impedes the sinking and flow-sorting processes that are essential for the development of economically valuable Fe-Ti oxide layers. This may account for the lack of an economically valuable Fe-Ti oxide layer within the Dashanshu intrusion.
Timing of Ore Mineralisation in Deposits of the Baikal-Muya Belt and the Barguzin-Vitim Super-Terrain (Transbaikalie)
Authors: Vanin Vadim A. , Ivanov Alexei V. , Gorovoy Viktor A. , Budyak Alexander E. , Bortnikov Nikolay S.
Published: November 2024

The study was aimed at dating of Au ores from the Yubileinoe, Irokinda and Uryakh deposits located in the Baikal-Muya fold belt and Pb-Zn ores from the Ozernoe deposit in the Barguzin-Vitim super-terrain (Transbaikalia, Russia). The 40Ar/39Ar ages on pyrite-encapsulated sericite of gold-bearing quartz sampled from veins in the Yubileinoe, Irokinda and Uryakh deposits are 265 ± 33 Ma, 276 ± 13 Ma and 287 ± 7 Ma, respectively. The age of disseminated mineralisation in the Ozernoe deposit is 329 ± 19 Ma. The results of this study and previously published data suggest two stages of ore mineralisation at Transbaikalia: 330–320 Ma for the disseminated mineralisation and 290–270 Ma for the vein mineralisation. Irrespective of the location and the nature of the host rocks, the former and the latter mineralisation are transiently associated with the initial and final stages of the emplacement of the Angara-Vitim granitic batholith. The granitoids provided heat and possibly fluids, while Au, Pb and Zn were sourced from the host rocks. Gold deposits to the north and south of the batholith are generally older and younger, respectively, and were formed by different geological processes.
Applications of Kuz–Ram Models in Mine-to-Mill Integration and Optimization—A Review
Authors: Saldana Manuel , Gallegos Sandra , Arias Dayana , Salazar Iván , Castillo Jonathan , Salinas-Rodríguez Eleazar , Navarra Alessandro , Toro Norman , Cisternas Luis A.
Published: November 2024

The Mine-to-Mill (M2M) approach aims to enhance efficiency and reduce costs in the mineral processing industry by optimizing the mining and processing stages. M2M integrates orebody characterization, blasting, and downstream processes, such as grinding and flotation, demonstrating that material fragmentation directly impacts downstream efficiency. This review studies the development and applications of fragmentation models in M2M integration and optimization, finding that their study is divided into three phases. In the first, the potential of M2M is investigated through simulation models that improve fragmentation in blasting to optimize grinding. The second focuses on the practical application of these models in mines, while the third phase integrates geometallurgical data into mine block models, enhancing production planning and selective ore extraction. The M2M integration has demonstrated significant improvements in plant performance, particularly in increasing grinding efficiency through optimized blast fragmentation. The literature also emphasizes the role of optimizing crushing and grinding conditions through models and circuit adjustments to enhance performance and reducing energy consumption. Geometallurgy plays a crucial role in plant optimization by identifying areas with better processing characteristics and adjusting operating parameters to maximize efficiency. Recent studies have shown how the implementation of integrated models can increase the profitability and sustainability of mining operations.
Extraction of Lanthanides(III) from Nitric Acid Solutions with N,N′-dimethyl-N,N′-dicyclohexyldiglycolamide into Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide-Based Ionic Liquids and Their Mixtures with Molecular Organic Diluents
Authors: Turanov Alexander N. , Karandashev Vasilii K. , Baulin Vladimir E. , Shulga Yury M. , Baulin Dmitriy V.
Published: November 2024

The extraction of lanthanides(III) from aqueous nitric acid solutions with novel unsymmetrical diglycolamide extactant, N,N′-dimethyl-N,N′-dicyclohexyldiglycolamide (DMDCHDGA) into bis(trifluoromethylsulfoyl)imide-based ionic liquids (ILs), namely 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([C4mim][Tf2N]), 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([C8mim][Tf2N]), benzyltriethylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([N222Bn][Tf2N]) methyltrioctylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([N1888][Tf2N]), and their mixtures with molecular organic diluent 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE), is studied. DMDCHDGA has been shown to interact with components of the IL [C4mim][Tf2N]. The effect of HNO3 concentration in the aqueous phase on the extraction of Ln(III) ions is studied. The stoichiometry of the extracted complexes is determined, and the mechanism of Ln(III) extraction in a system with [C4mim][Tf2N] is discussed. It is shown that the efficiency and intragroup selectivity of the extraction of Ln(III) ions with DMDCHDGA into [C4mim][Tf2N] is significantly higher than when using its symmetric analog TODGA.
Influence of Precursor Particle Size and Calcium Hydroxide Content on the Development of Clay Brick Waste-Based Geopolymers
Authors: Medeiros-Junior Ronaldo A. , Thiesen Marisa , Betioli Andrea Murillo , Casali Juliana Machado , Trentin Luiz Fernando Zambiasi , Frare Andreza , Borçato Allan Guimarães
Published: November 2024

This study evaluated the effect of precursor particle size and calcium hydroxide (CH) incorporation on the microstructure, compressive strength, and rheological properties of clay brick waste (BW)-based geopolymers. Rheological analyses were used to evaluate the fresh state of the geopolymers. XRD, SEM, and EDS analyses were performed to analyze the microstructure. The results showed that the particle size reduction in BW and the incorporation of CH significantly contributed to obtaining better compressive strength in the geopolymers. Furthermore, the particle size reduction decreased the yield stress, plastic viscosity, and hysteresis area of the geopolymers, while the incorporation of CH promoted the opposite effect. Increasing the CH incorporation content accelerated the geopolymerization reactions and reduced the workability of the geopolymers over time. However, since the milling process is costly, milling BW for 2 h was more efficient from a technical–economic point of view. In addition, the incorporation of CH not only promoted the early hardening of the geopolymers when necessary, but also contributed to the improvement of the compressive strength through matrix densification. Therefore, the results of this study show the definition of more efficient material proportions for geopolymers using waste as an aluminosilicate source.
Enhanced Optical and Electrical Properties of IGZO/Ag/IGZO for Solar Cell Application via Post-Rapid Thermal Annealing
Authors: Hwang Chanmin , Kim Taegi , Jang Yuseong , Lee Doowon , Kim Hee-Dong
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we optimized IGZO/Ag/IGZO (IAI) multilayer films by post-rapid thermal annealing (RTA) to enhance the electrical conductivity and optical transmittance in visible wavelengths for solar cell applications. Our optimized device showed an average transmittance of 85% in the visible range, with a lowest sheet resistance of 6.03 Ω/□ when annealed at 500 °C for 60 s. Based on these results, we assessed our device with photo-generated short circuit current density (JSC) using a solar cell simulator to confirm its applicability in the solar cell. IAI multilayer RTA at 500 °C for 60 s showed a highest JSC of 40.73 mA/cm2. These results show that our proposed IAI multilayer film, which showed a high optical transparency and electrical conductivity optimized with post RTA, seems to be excellent transparent electrode for solar cell applications.
Thymoquinone Pectin Beads Produced via Electrospray: Enhancing Oral Targeted Delivery for Colorectal Cancer Therapy
Authors: Alfatama Mulham , Choukaife Hazem , Al Rahal Okba , Zin Nur Zahirah Mohamad
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Thymoquinone (TQ) exhibits diverse biological activities, but its poor solubility and bioavailability limit its cancer efficacy, requiring innovative solutions. This study explores the development of an oral delivery system targeting colon cancer based on TQ pectin beads (TQ-PBs) produced through an adjustable electrospray technique. This study hypothesised that adjusting bead diameter through the electrospray technique enables precise control over water absorption and erosion rates, thereby achieving a controlled release profile for encapsulated TQ, which enhances targeted delivery to the colon. Methods: TQ-PBs were synthesised and optimised using an electrospray technique based on the ionic gelation method. The prepared beads were characterised based on particle size, sphericity, encapsulation efficiency (EE), water uptake, erosion, surface morphology, molecular interactions, and texture. The cumulative TQ release studies, an accelerated stability test, and cytotoxicity evaluation against the colon cancer HT-29 cell line were also assessed. Results: The optimised TQ-PB formulation demonstrated an average bead size of 2.05 ± 0.14 mm, a sphericity of 0.96 ± 0.05, and an EE of 90.32 ± 1.04%. The water uptake was 287.55 ± 10.14% in simulated gastric fluid (SGF), 462.15 ± 12.73% in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF), and 772.41 ± 13.03% in simulated colonic fluid (SCF), with an erosion rate of 45.23 ± 5.22%. TQ release was minimal in SGF (8.13 ± 1.94% after 2 h), controlled in SIF (29.35 ± 3.65% after 4 h), and accelerated in SCF (94.43 ± 2.4% after 3 h). Stability studies over one month showed a size reduction of 17.50% and a 6.59% decrease in TQ content. Cytotoxicity assessments revealed significant anticancer activity of TQ-PB, with an IC50 of 80.59 ± 2.2 μg/mL. Conclusions: These findings underscore the potential of TQ-PB as an effective oral drug delivery system for targeted colorectal cancer therapy.
Comprehensive In Vitro and In Silico Aerodynamic Analysis of High-Dose Ibuprofen- and Mannitol-Containing Dry Powder Inhalers for the Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Party Petra , Piszman Zsófia Ilona , Farkas Árpád , Ambrus Rita
Published: November 2024

Background: Cystic fibrosis is a hereditary disease, which causes the accumulation of dense mucus in the lungs accompanied by frequent local inflammation. The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug ibuprofen (IBU) and the mucolytic mannitol (MAN) can treat these symptoms. Compared to per os administration, a lower dose of these drugs is sufficient to achieve the desired effect by delivering them in a pulmonary manner. However, it is still a challenge to administer high drug doses to the lungs. We aim to develop two inhaled powder formulations, a single-drug product of MAN and a combined formulation containing IBU and MAN. Methods: MAN was dissolved in an aqueous solution of Poloxamer-188 (POL). In the case of the combined formulation, a suspension was first prepared in a planetary mill via wet milling in POL medium. After the addition of leucine (LEU), the formulations were spray-dried. The prepared DPI samples were analyzed by using laser diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, density tests, in vitro aerodynamic studies (Andersen Cascade Impactor, Spraytec® device), in vitro dissolution tests in artificial lung fluid, and in silico tests with stochastic lung model. Results: The DPIs showed suitability for inhalation with low-density spherical particles of appropriate size. The LEU-containing systems were characterized by high lung deposition and adequate aerodynamic diameter. The amorphization during the procedures resulted in rapid drug release. Conclusions: We have successfully produced a single-drug formulation and an innovative combination formulation, which could provide complex treatment for patients with cystic fibrosis to improve their quality of life.
Ultrasonication-Induced Preparation of High-Mechanical-Strength Microneedles Using Stable Silk Fibroin
Authors: Liang Huihui , Chen Jiaxin , Qiu Guirong , Guo Bohong , Qiu Yuqin
Published: November 2024

Silk fibroin (SF) is an ideal material for microneedle (MN) preparation. However, long extraction and short storage durations limit its application. Furthermore, MNs prepared from SF alone are easy to break during skin insertion. In this study, a regenerated SF solution was autoclaved and freeze-dried to produce a stable and water-soluble SF sponge. The freeze-dried SF (FD-SF) solution was ultrasonically treated before being used in the fabrication of MNs. The ultrasonically modified SFMNs (US-SFMNs) were evaluated in comparison to FD-SFMNs made from FD-SF and conventional SFMNs made from regenerated SF. The results indicated that the FD-SF could be completely dissolved in water and remained stable even after 8 months of storage. FTIR and XRD analyses showed that SF in US-SFMNs had increased β-sheet content and crystallization compared to FD-SFMNs, by 7.3% and 8.1%, respectively. The US-SFMNs had higher mechanical strength than conventional SFMNs and FD-SFMNs, with a fracture force of 1.55 N per needle and a rat skin insertion depth of 370 μm. The US-SFMNs also demonstrated enhanced transdermal drug delivery and enzymatic degradation in vitro. In conclusion, the autoclaving and freeze drying of SF, as well as ultrasonication-induced MN preparation, provide promising SF-based microneedles for transdermal drug delivery.