bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
U.S. Disabilities Legislation Affecting Electronic and Information Technology
Authors: Deborah Bursa Deborah , Justice Larraine , Kessler Mimi
Published: May 2011

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is the cornerstone legislation to address the civil rights of people with disabilities, including making products, services, and physical environments accessible to them. Almost everyone in the U.S. is familiar with the ADA, but designers of technology products and services need to be aware of accessibility standards that go beyond the ADA: specifically, Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act and Section 255 of the Communications Act. These laws define accessibility standards and guidelines that impact the design of electronic, information, and telecommunication technologies, and they are intended to promote products and services that are as accessible to persons with disabilities as those without (Section 508, 1998). Furthermore, with the aging of the U.S. and world populations (Forrester, 2004), the number of people who want to use technology but cannot, because of disabilities, is on the rise. Designers of technology need to understand how modifications in traditional design will make products more marketable and usable by a wider range of customers. This article reviews important aspects of Sections 508 and 255, assistive technology and accessible design, and additional sources of information and training.
U.S. Information Security Law and Regulation
Authors: Chapple Micheal , Crowell Charles R.
Published: May 2011

The American legal system, along with many of its counterparts around the globe, is only beginning to grapple with the legal challenges of the knowledge age. The past decade has witnessed a multitude of new laws and regulations seeking to address these challenges and provide a common framework for the legal and technical professions. Those charged with information security responsibilities face a myriad of complex and often vague requirements. In this article, we establish a four-level taxonomy for information security laws and explore the major components of each level.
Usable M-Commerce Systems
Authors: Krogstie John
Published: May 2011

Today, the PC is only one of many ways to access information resources. Traditional computing technology has become more mobile and ubiquitous and more and more computing tasks are possible to do using new types of mobile devices. According to Siau, Lim, and Shen (2001), the essence of m-commerce (also termed “mobile information systems”) is to reach customers, suppliers, and employees regardless of where they are located and to deliver the right information to the right person(s) at the right time. The ability to develop and evolve usable m-commerce systems is becoming increasingly critical for enterprises.
User Profile Modeling and Learning
Authors: Nidelkou Evangelia , Papastathis Vasileios , Papadogiorgaki Maria
Published: May 2011

A major theme of Information Science and Technology research is the study of personalization. The key issue of personalization is the problem of understanding human behaviour and its simulation by machines, in a sense that machines can treat users as individuals with respect to their distinct personalities, preferences, goals and so forth. The general fields of research in personalization are user modeling and adaptive systems, which can be traced back to the late 70s, with the use of models of agents by Perrault, Allen, and Cohen (1978) and the introduction of stereotypes by Rich (1979). With the wide progress in hardware and telecom­munications technologies that has led to a vast increase in the services, volume and multimodality (text and multimedia) of content, in the last decade, the need for personalization systems is critical, in order to enable both consumers to manage the volume and complexity of available information and vendors to be competitive in the market.
Virtual Corporations
Authors: Arjonilla-Domínguez Sixto Jesús , Medina-Garrido José Aurelio
Published: May 2011

At the end of the 20th century, many authors tried to predict what new structures companies would be likely to adopt in the 21st century. Now, in the 21st century a clear tendency is emerging: the virtual organization (Agrawal & Hurriyet, 2004; Alsop, 2003; Bekkers, 2003; Camarinha-Matos & Afsarmanesh, 2005; Heneman & Greenberger, 2002; Lee, Cheung, Lau, & Choy, 2003; Talukder, 2003; Vakola & Wilson, 2004). This type of organization offers the most promising response to an increasingly complex business reality. In this respect, current organization theory is beginning to change its focus to new, flexible, and virtual organizational forms. This article is organized as follows: The background section defines different concepts of virtual organization. The first model equates the virtual corporation to a temporary network of firms that quickly comes together to exploit temporary market opportunities. The second model focuses on the manufacture of virtual products by means of stable and trusting relationships with suppliers and customers. The third model of virtual corporation tries to turn the fixed workforce costs into variable costs. The third section points out the shared characteristics of this type of organization and the role of the manufacturing function, information and information technology, the network structure, and a new type of worker. The final sections discuss future trends and our conclusions.
Web Services Coordination for Business Transactions
Authors: Zhang Honglei , Zhao Wenbing
Published: May 2011

In this chapter, we provide an overview of the Web services technology, together with the set of standard specifications for Web services transactions. The core components of the Web services technology include eXtensible Markup Language (XML), HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP), Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP), and Web Services Description Language (WSDL). Both SOAP and WSDL are based on XML. All these protocols and languages have the characteristic of strong extensibility, which lays a solid foundation for the success of the Web services technology. Due to the extensibility design, the protocols specified in the Web services transactions standards can be plugged into the Web services core seamlessly to provide the additional coordination needed for business transactions. Furthermore, we point out the need to protect the business transactions from the hardware failures and malicious faults, and for more robust coordination for Web services transactions.
Mobile Information Systems in a Hopsital Organization Setting
Authors: Borgy Waluyo Agustinus , Taniar David , Srinivasan Bala
Published: May 2011

The emerging of wireless computing motivates radical changes of how information is obtained. Our paper discusses a practical realisation of an application using push and pull based mechanism in a wireless ad-hoc environment. We use a hospital information system as a case study scenario for our proposed application. The pull mechanism is initiated from doctors as mobile client to retrieve and update patient records in the central database server. The push mechanism is initiated from the server without a specific request from the doctors. The application of push mechanism includes sending a message from central server to a specific doctor, and multicasting a global message to all doctors connected to the server application. The global message can be disabled by each doctor to perform selective recipients.
KIWI
Authors: Damiani Ernesto , Ceravolo Paolo , Corallo Angelo , Elia Gianluca , Zilli Antonio
Published: May 2011

Research on semantic-aware knowledge management provides new solutions, technologies, and methods to manage organizational knowledge. These solutions open new opportunities to “virtual challenges” as e-collaboration, e-business, e-learning and e-government. The research carried out for the KIWI (Knowledge-based Innovation for the Web Infrastructure) project is focused on the strategies for the current Web evolution in the more powerful Semantic Web, where formal semantic representation of resources enables a more effective knowledge sharing. The first pillar of the KIWI framework concerns development of ontologies as a metadata layer. Resources can be formally and semantically annotated with these metadata, while search engines or software agents can use them for retrieving the right information item or applying their reasoning capabilities. The second pillar of the KIWI framework is focused on the semantic search engine. Their capabilities and functionalities have to be improved in order to take advantage of the new semantic descriptions. A set of prototypal tools that enable knowledge experts to produce a semantic knowledge management system was delivered by the project. The KIWI framework and tools are applied in some projects for designing and developing knowledge-based platforms with positive results.
Search Engine
Authors: Campi Eliana , Lorenzo Gianluca
Published: May 2011

This chapter presents technologies and approaches for information retrieval in a knowledge base. We intend to show that the use of ontology for domain representation and knowledge search offers a more efficient approach for knowledge management. This approach focuses on the meaning of the word, thus becoming an important element in the building of the Semantic Web. The search based on both keywords and ontology allows more effective information retrieval exploiting the Semantic of the information in a variety of data. We present a method for taxonomy building, annotating, and searching documents with taxonomy concepts. We also describe our experience in the creation of an informal taxonomy, the automatic classification, and the validation of search results with traditional measures, such as precision, recall and f-measure.
Human and Social Aspects of Password Authentication
Authors: Carstens Deborah S.
Published: May 2011

With the increasing daily reliance on electronic transactions, it is essential to have reliable security practices for individuals, businesses, and organizations to protect their information (Vu, Bhargav, & Proctor, 2003; Vu, Tai, Bhargav, Schultz, & Proctor, 2004). A paradigm shift is occurring as researchers are targeting social and human dimensions of information security, as this aspect is seen as an area where control can be exercised. Since computer security is largely dependent on the use of passwords to authenticate users of technology, the objectives of this chapter are to (a) provide a background on password authentication and information security, (b) provide a discussion on security techniques, human error in information security, human memory limitations, and password authentication in practice, and (c) provide a discussion on future and emerging trends in password authentication to include future research areas.
Conducting Research in Information Systems
Authors: Kanellis Panagiotis , Papadopoulos Thanos
Published: May 2011

This chapter offers a journey through the spectrum of epistemological and ontological perspectives in IS (IS), offering the necessary background to the researcher who has to explore diligently the research methods toolkit available and then make a choice. It does not attempt to solve any problems in existing paradigms or present any new ones, but systematically examines and clarifies the underlying set of ontological and epistemological assumptions that underpin every research activity. After a brief discussion on ontology and epistemology, the IS field and its underlying paradigms are discussed and what follow is an analysis of positivism, interpretivism, and a presentation of selected interpretive approaches. Hence, this chapter serves as a guide to be followed by researchers who would like to clarify and evaluate their views regarding epistemological and ontological assumptions, initiating a philosophical enquiry of their own. Consequently, it contributes in aiding the researcher in building a solid background upon which valid and rigorous research in the IS field should be anchored.
Applied Multi-Case Research in a Mixed-Method Research Project
Authors: Jansen Slinger
Published: May 2011

Even though information systems is a maturing research area, information systems case study reports generally lack extensive method descriptions, validity defense, and are rarely conducted within a multicase research project. This reduces the ability to build theory in information systems research using case study reports. In this chapter we offer guidelines, examples, and improvements for multicase studies. If information system researchers stick to these guidelines, case study reports and papers will get published more often, improving the rapidly maturing research area of information systems.
Mobility Support in 4G Heterogeneous Networks for Interoperable M-Health Devices
Authors: Viruete Navarro Eduardo Antonio
Published: May 2011

In the last years, much work has been done to create a complete solution in m-Health environments. The problem can be summarized as follows: any health professional (medical specialist, sport trainer, nutritionist, etc.) should be able to control a series of measurements related to a person’s health. The characteristics of these people vary from those patients with limited knowledge of the control processes and low mobility to sportsmen highly involved in the process and great mobility in the moment the measurements take place. This wide set of characteristics raises two basic challenges: the use of measurement equipment easily adaptable to the control system and the necessity of adding mobility support mechanisms to the design. This chapter focuses on studying these two challenges, illustrates them with several use cases and contributes to the mobility support problem with a new algorithm.
Text Entry System for Semitic Languages on Mobile Devices
Authors: Djoudi Mahieddine , Harous Saad
Published: May 2011

Support for the Semitic language on mobile devices, while not yet universal, is becoming more ubiquitous. Many items and data contents written in Arabic or Hebrew, for example, can be seen on a whole range of mobile devices. It is not uncommon, however, to encounter difficulties in entering and displaying Semitic text; as experienced mobile/computer users know, there is in fact a variety of different Semitic input methods and character encoding schemes. The challenge involved in constructing a text entry system for Semitic scripts is amplified by the fact that existing resources are inadequate. This chapter attempts to review the current state of affairs regarding text entry for Semitic scripts on mobile devices in order to provide a stepping ground for further investigation in this area.
Evaluation of Health Information Systems; Challenges and Approaches
Authors: Ammenwerth Elske
Published: May 2011

This chapter summarizes the problems and challenges that occur when health information systems are evaluated. The main problem areas presented are the complexity of the evaluation object, the complexity of an evaluation project, and the motivation for evaluation. Based on the analysis of those problem areas, the chapter then presents recommendations of how to address them. In particular, it discusses in more detail what benefits can be obtained from applying triangulation in evaluation studies. Based on the example of the evaluation of a nursing documentation system, it shows how both the validation of results and the completeness of results can be supported by triangulation. The authors hope to contribute to a better understanding of the peculiarities of evaluation in healthcare, and to provide information how to overcome them.
Semantic Web Standards and Ontologies in the Medical Sciences and Healthcare
Authors: Cannoy Sherrie D.
Published: May 2011

This chapter will discuss Semantic Web standards and ontologies in two areas: (1) the medical sciences field and (2) the healthcare industry. Semantic Web standards are important in the medical sciences since much of the medical research that is available needs an avenue to be shared across disparate computer systems. Ontologies can provide a basis for the searching of context-based medical research information so that it can be integrated and used as a foundation for future research. The healthcare industry will be examined specifically in its use of electronic health records (EHR), which need Semantic Web standards to be communicated across different EHR systems. The increased use of EHRs across healthcare organizations will also require ontologies to support context-sensitive searching of information, as well as creating context-based rules for appointments, procedures, and tests so that the quality of healthcare is improved. Literature in these areas has been combined in this chapter to provide a general view of how Semantic Web standards and ontologies are used, and to give examples of applications in the areas of healthcare and the medical sciences.
Networkcentric Healthcare and the Entry Point into the Network
Authors: von Lubitz Dag , Wickramasinghe Nilmini
Published: May 2011

The concept of e-health gains rapid and widespread international acceptance as the most practical means of reducing burgeoning healthcare costs, improving healthcare delivery, and reducing medical errors. However, due to profit-maximizing forces controlling healthcare, the majority of e-based systems are characterized by non-existent or marginal compatibility leading to platformcentricity that is, a large number of individual information platforms incapable of integrated, collaborative functions. While such systems provide excellent service within limited range healthcare operations (such as hospital groups, insurance companies, or local healthcare delivery services), chaos exists at the level of nationwide or international activities. As a result, despite intense efforts, introduction of e-health doctrine has minimal impact on reduction of healthcare costs. Based on their previous work, the authors present the doctrine of network-centric healthcare operations that assures unimpeded flow and dissemination of fully compatible, high quality, and operation-relevant healthcare information and knowledge within the Worldwide Healthcare Information Grid (WHIG). In similarity to network- centric concepts developed and used by the armed forces of several nations, practical implementation of WHIG, consisting of interconnected entry portals, nodes, and telecommunication infrastructure, will result in enhanced administrative efficiency, better resource allocation, higher responsiveness to healthcare crises, and—most importantly—improved delivery of healthcare services worldwide.
Mobile Telemonitoring Insights
Authors: Angelidis Pantelis
Published: May 2011

Technology advances create new possibilities for healthcare monitoring, management, and support, focusing on prevention rather than disease management. The provision of personalized healthcare applications is also greatly supported. Developments in the wireless and mobile markets are capitalized by the medical device industry. Services are becoming personalized and location independent to fulfill the increasing patient needs for self-empowerment and quality in the healthcare delivery away from the traditional nursing areas. This overview discusses the new opportunities for the healthcare domain in the mobile times we live.
Medical Decision Support Systems and Knowledge Sharing Standards
Authors: Raghavan Srinivasa
Published: May 2011

This chapter discusses about the concept of medical decision support system and the knowledge sharing standards among medical decision support systems. The author discusses the evolution of decision support in the healthcare arena, the characteristics and components of a medical decision support system, the medical decision support problem domains, and the popular medical decision support systems. Furthermore, a unique challenge in the healthcare arena—sharing of knowledge among medical decision support systems is discussed. The author discusses about the need for knowledge sharing among medical decision support systems, the evolution of various knowledge sharing standards, and the application of the knowledge sharing standards by the medical decision support systems. Finally, interesting aspects about the future trends in the medical decision support systems, its awareness, its usage and its reach to various stakeholders are discussed.
A Framework for the Design of Web Service Based Clinical Management Systems to Support Inter and Intra Organizational Patient Journeys
Authors: McGregor Carolyn
Published: May 2011

The clinical management of premature and ill term babies is challenged by the necessity of several inter and intra organizational patient journeys. Premature and ill-term babies born in regional Australia and Canada must be moved to another hospital with Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) facilities. NICU babies requiring surgery must be moved to a Level IV NICU for surgery. Current clinical management supports the transfer of limited patient data via paper or telephone exchange. In this article a framework for the design of Web-service-based clinical management systems to support inter and intra organizational patient journeys is presented. A series of Web services are described and integrated and coordinated through BPEL processes enabling greater support for inter- and intra-organizational transfer of patient data. This framework is demonstrated through a NICU case study. A key benefit of this framework is that it enables the establishment of “on demand” patient journeys eliminating the need to establish permanent point-to-point connections.
The Development of a Health Data Quality Programme
Authors: Kerr Karolyn , Norris Tony
Published: May 2011

Data quality requirements are increasing as a wider range of data becomes available and the technology to mine data shows the value of data that is “fit for use.” This chapter describes a data quality programme for the New Zealand Ministry of Health that first isolates the criteria that define “fitness” and then develops a framework as the basis of a health sector-wide data quality strategy that aligns with the sector’s existing strategies and policies for the use of health information. The framework development builds on existing work by the Canadian Institute for Health Information, and takes into account current data quality literature and recognised total data quality management (TDQM) principles. Strategy development builds upon existing policy and strategy within the New Zealand health sector, a review of customer requirements, current sector maturity and adaptability, and current literature to provide a practical strategy that offers clear guidelines for action. The chapter ends with a summary of key issues that can be employed by health care organisations to develop their own successful data quality improvement programmes.
Implementation and Performance Evaluation of WWW Conference System for Supporting Remote Mental Health Care Education
Authors: Sugita Kaoru , De Marco Giuseppe , Barolli Leonard , Uchida Noriki , Miyakawa Akihiro
Published: May 2011

Information technology (IT) has changed our lives and many applications are based on IT. IT can be helpful for remote mental health care education. Because there are very few mental health care specialists, it is very important to decrease their moving time. But it is not easy to use the conventional TV conference systems for ordinary people, mental health care specialists, and their students because they are not computer specialists. For this reason, we have developed a WWW conference system. Our system can communicate between the mental health care specialists and their students by using the live video on WWW browser. In this paper, we show the implementation and the evaluation of proposed system. The experimental results over the Internet show that our system can be used for real time communication between Fukuoka, Ishikawa, and Iwate prefectures.
Applying Adaptive Structuration Theory to Health Information Systems Adoption
Authors: Schwieger Dana , Melcher Arlyn , Ranganathan C. , Wen H. Joseph
Published: May 2011

Adaptive Structuration Theory (AST) is rapidly becoming an important theoretical paradigm for comprehending the impact of advanced information technologies. In this paper, a modified AST model was designed to illustrate the changing inter- relationships among the variables affecting the adoption and application of a new technology into a medical organization setting. Using findings from a case study conducted over a 10-month period, the authors apply the case to the model to illustrate the complex interactions between medical billing technology and organizational processes. As the organization attempted to install and implement the new system, they found that in order to maintain daily operations, they would have to modify and adapt several aspects of the organization, technology, and operations. As the system was slowly integrated into operations and the organization’s needs evolved through the adaptation process, the study, in turn, found that different iterations of the model could emphasize different structures. The case illustrated that the capacity to manage health information systems (HIS) often requires the organization to prioritize its needs and focus its energies on a critical structure while temporarily disregarding others until the primary healthcare processes are under control.
Envisioning a National e-Medicine Network Architecture in a Developing Country
Authors: Lemma Fikreyohannes , Denko Mieso K. , Tan Joseph K. , Kinde Kassegne Samuel
Published: May 2011

Poor infrastructures in developing countries such as Ethiopia and much of Sub-Saharan Africa have caused these nations to suffer from lack of efficient and effective delivery of basic and extended medical and healthcare services. Often, such limitation is further accompanied by low patient-doctor ratios, resulting in unwarranted rationing of services. Apparently, e-medicine awareness among both governmental policy makers and private health professionals is motivating the gradual adoption of technological innovations in these countries. It is argued, however, that there still is a gap between current e-medicine efforts in developing countries and the existing connectivity infrastructure leading to faulty, inefficient and expensive designs. The particular case of Ethiopia, one such developing country where emedicine continues to carry significant promises, is investigated and reported in this article.
Effects of Knowledge Management Implementations in Hospitals
Authors: Jih Wen-Jang ("Kenny") , Chen Cheng-Hsui , Chen Ying-Hsiou
Published: May 2011

From the knowledge management point of view, the fundamental mission of hospital management is the delivery of quality medical services, utilizing highly specialized knowledge to solve healthcare problems within various resource constraints. Similar to other knowledge-intensive industries operating in highly challenging business environments, hospitals of all sizes must view the creation, organization, distribution, and application of knowledge as a critical aspect of their management activities. Knowledge management represents a viable strategy as hospitals strive simultaneously to provide quality medical services, improve operational efficiency, and conform to the government’s documentation and reporting regulations. This study examines the correlation as well as the causal relationships among knowledge characteristics, knowledge acquisition strategy, implementation measures, and performance of knowledge management implementations in the context of hospital management. Using primary data collected in Taiwan, our analyses show that the characteristics of knowledge affect the ways in which knowledge management is implemented, and the implementation measures, in turn, have a significant impact on the results of knowledge management implementations.
Mining BioLiterature
Authors: Couto Francisco M.
Published: May 2011

This chapter introduces the use of Text Mining in scientific literature for biological research, with a special focus on automatic gene and protein annotation. This field became recently a major topic in Bioinformatics, motivated by the opportunity brought by tapping the BioLiterature with automatic text processing software. The chapter describes the main approaches adopted and analyzes systems that have been developed for automatically annotating genes or proteins. To illustrate how text-mining tools fit in biological databases curation processes, the chapter presents a tool that assists protein annotation. Besides the promising advances of Text Mining of BioLiterature, many problems need to be addressed. This chapter presents the main open problems in using text-mining tools for automatic annotation of genes and proteins, and discusses how a more efficient integration of existing domain knowledge can improve the performance of these tools.
Outsourcing of Medical Surgery and the Evolution of Medical Telesurgery
Authors: Sando Shawna
Published: May 2011

With rising and often unreasonable costs in the U.S. healthcare system, Americans are becoming more inclined to seek cheaper alternatives. In some cases, Americans do not have to search for such alternatives on their own because their employers are offering them incentives to receive care from a foreign institution. Employees can go abroad to countries, such as India, in order to receive medical services for prices that are at least half of what the procedure would cost in the U.S. This emerging market seems to be beneficial to all involved except U.S. healthcare providers; however, this outsourcing of healthcare services sends a powerful international message. It seems that the U.S. has a healthcare system that cannot adequately serve all economic classes of the American public. In contrast, though India has the proper facilities and professionals, there are concerns regarding malpractice litigation, postoperative care, and possible negative effects on the Indian public. Having given consideration to all affected constituencies, it seems that the outsourcing of medical procedures is in the best interest of lower- and middle-class Americans as well as medical professionals in India. In reality, though medical tourism is receiving much attention, it will most likely not be a pressing concern for the American market in the near future. A widening discrepancy in the Indian public may, however, be cause for nearer concern. This new trend does foreshadow a push for more preventative changes in the business of U.S. healthcare, such as the development of information technology specific to the growing international healthcare market. Whereas, it will initially be beneficial to send patients abroad, with the evolution of technology, the latter ideal will instead be to have medical professionals abroad that care for patients located in the U.S.
Ubiquitous Access to Information Through Portable, Mobile and Handheld Devices
Authors: Patrikakis Ch. Z. , Fafali P. , Minogiannis N. , Kourbelis N.
Published: May 2011

Use of mobile devices for supporting our everyday communication has become part of our daily routine. Recent statistics illustrate that the penetration of mobile devices in everyday use has reached (and in some cases even surpassed) the penetration of fixed communication devices (ITU, 2004). As a consequence, use of mobile devices for accessing data information also increases, assisted by the rapid development of new technologies especially designed to support multimedia communication. Within the next years, third-generation (3G) wireless services will proliferate, offering multimedia capabilities such as streaming video (BERGINSIGHT, 2005; Raghu, Ramesh, & Whinston, 2002; UMTS forum, 2005). All of these, combined with the establishment of Internet and portal technology as the standard way for information exchange, entertainment, and communication, have created a new scenery that is characterized by access to data “anywhere,” “anytime,” and by “anyone” (or “any means”). Design issues concerning the particularities of access devices, communication technologies, and volume of information exchanged are very important in the provision of mobile portal services (Microsoft, 2006). In this article, we address the issue of providing portal services to users with portable devices such as personal digital assistants (PDAs) or smartphones. We propose a reference architecture for providing mobile portal services, based on the distribution of information between the portal servers and the user devices.
Mobile Portals as Innovations
Authors: Serenko Alexander , Turel Ofir
Published: May 2011

The purpose of this chapter is to analyze mobile portals (m-portals) as an innovation. M-portals are wireless Web pages that help portable device users interact with mobile content and services (based on the definition by Clarke & Flaherty, 2003). Previous works in the area of mobile portals mostly concentrated on their technical aspects, implementation issues, classifications, and user acceptance (e.g., Gohring, 1999; GSA, 2002; Koivumäki, 2002). At the same time, these studies did not view mobile portals as innovations themselves, nor discussed the innovative potential of this novel technology. Analyzing technological artifacts as innovations is important for two reasons. First, such analysis can help m-portal developers and providers pinpoint the salient mportal characteristics that drive service diffusion. Second, it can assist potential m-portal developers and providers understand the risks associated with entering this segment of wireless services. This study attempts to contribute to the knowledge base by discussing various dimensions of the innovativeness of mobile portals and predicting the commercial success as well as potential risks of designing m-portals. Specifically, this investigation utilizes two innovation-based models as a lens of analysis. The first is the Moore and Benbasat’s (1991) list of perceived characteristics of innovating (PCI), which is adapted to assess the innovation features of mobile portals. The second is the Kleinschmidt and Cooper’s (1991) market and technological newness map. By applying these frameworks, the study attempts to develop a better understanding of individual innovation characteristics and the innovation typology of mobile portals that is important for both theory and practice. Mobile portals are a fruitful area of growth and interest. Even though the technology has been in use for only several years, both researchers and practitioners have devoted substantial efforts to design m-portals that would meet enduser requirements. To ensure the success of this technology, it is important to further understand its innovative potential. However, little work has been done in this area. A discussion grounded on the existing innovation schools of thought would help to bridge that gap.
Towards Autonomic Infrastructures via Mobile Agents and Active Networks
Authors: Karnouskos Stamatis
Published: May 2011

As we move towards service-oriented complex infrastructures, what is needed, security, robustness, and intelligence distributed within the network. Modern systems are too complicated to be centrally administered; therefore, the need for approaches that provide autonomic characteristics and are able to be self-sustained is evident. We present here one approach towards this goal, i.e., how we can build dynamic infrastructures based on mobile agents (MA) and active networks (AN). Both concepts share common ground at the architectural level, which makes it interesting to use a mix of them to provide a more sophisticated framework for building dynamic systems. We argue that by using this combination, more autonomous systems can be built that can effectively possess at least at some level of self-* features, such as self-management, self-healing, etc., which, in conjunction with cooperation capabilities, will lead to the deployment of dynamic infrastructures that autonomously identify and adapt to external/ internal events. As an example, the implementation of an autonomous network-based security service is analyzed, which proves that denial of service attacks can be managed by the network itself intelligently and in an autonomic fashion.
Document Management, Organizational Memory, and Mobile Environment
Authors: Mäkinen Sari
Published: May 2011

Wireless networks and new tools utilizing mobile information and communication technologies (ICTs) challenge the theories and practices of document management, in general, and records management, in particular. The impact of these new tools on document management as a part of organizational memory is as yet unexplored because the wireless and mobile working environment is a new concept. Recent studies of mobile environment have focused on mobile work itself or technologies used, and the aspect of document management, especially records management, has been ignored.
Unobtrusive Movement Interaction for Mobile Devices
Authors: Korpipää Panu , Linjama Jukka , Kela Juha , Rantakokko Tapani
Published: May 2011

Gesture control of mobile devices is an emerging user interaction modality. Large-scale deployment has been delayed by two main technical challenges: detecting gestures reliably and power consumption. There have also been user-experience- related challenges, such as indicating the start of a gesture, social acceptance, and feedback on the gesture detection status. This chapter evaluates a solution for the main challenges: an event-based movement interaction modality, tapping, that emphasizes minimal user effort in interacting with a mobile device. The technical feasibility of the interaction method is examined with a smartphone equipped with a sensor interaction cover, utilizing an enabling software framework. The reliability of detecting tapping is evaluated by analyzing a dataset collected with the smartphone prototype. Overall, the results suggest that detecting tapping is reliable enough for practical applications in mobile computing when the interaction is performed in a stationary situation.
V-Card
Authors: Nösekabel Holger , Röckelein Wolfgang
Published: May 2011

This chapter presents the use of mobile multimedia for marketing purposes. Using V-Card, a service to create personalized multimedia messages, as an example, the advantages of sponsored messaging are illustrated. Benefits of employing multimedia technologies, such as mobile video streaming, include an increased perceived value of the message and the opportunity for companies to enhance their product presentation. Topics of discussion include related projects, as marketing campaigns utilizing SMS and MMS are becoming more popular, the technical infrastructure of the V-card system, and an outline of social and legal issues emerging from mobile marketing. As V-card has already been evaluated in a field test, these results can be implemented to outline future research and development aspects for this area.
E-Commerce Services Based on Mobile Agents
Authors: Fortino Giancarlo , Garro Alfredo , Russo Wilma
Published: May 2011

The Internet offers a unique opportunity for e-commerce to take central stage in the rapidly growing online economy. With the advent of the Web, the first generation of business-to-consumer (B2C) applications was developed and deployed. Classical examples include virtual shops, on-demand delivery of contents, and e-travel agency. Another facet of e-commerce is represented by business-to-business (B2B), which can have even more dramatic economic implications since it far exceeds B2C in both the volume of transactions and rate of growth. Examples of B2B applications include procurement, customer relationship management (CRM), billing, accounting, human resources, supply chain, and manufacturing (Medjahed, Benatallah, Bouguettaya, Ngu, & Elmagarmid, 2003). Although the currently available Web-based and object-oriented technologies are well-suited for developing and supporting e-commerce services, new infrastructures are needed to achieve a higher degree of intelligence and automation of e-commerce services. Such a new generation of e-commerce services can be effectively developed and provided by combining the emerging agent paradigm and technology with new Web-based standards such as ebXML (2005). Agents have already been demonstrated to retain the potential for fully supporting the development lifecycle of large-scale software systems which require complex interactions between autonomous distributed components (Luck, McBurney, & Preist, 2004). In particular, e-commerce has been one of the traditional arenas for agent technology (Sierra & Dignum, 2001). Agent-mediated e-commerce (AMEC) is concerned with providing agent-based solutions which support different stages of the trading processes in e-commerce, including needs identification, product brokering, merchant brokering, contract negotiation and agreement, payment and delivery, and service and evaluation. In addition, the mobility characteristic of peculiar agents (a.k.a. mobile agents), which allows them to move across the nodes of a networked environment, can further extend the support offered by the agents by featuring advanced e-commerce solutions such as location-aware shopping, mobile and networked comparison shopping, mobile auction bidding, and mobile contract negotiation (Kowalczyk, Ulieru, & Unland, 2003; Maes, Guttman, & Moukas, 1999).
Usability Driven Open Platform for Mobile Government (USE-ME.GOV)
Authors: Olmstead Paul Moore , Peinel Gertraud , Tilsner Dirk , Abramowicz Witold , Bassara Andrzej , Filipowska Agata
Published: May 2011

This chapter introduces the USE-ME.GOV project that supports and encourages the authorities with the access to new e-government services at any time and anywhere through the use of mobile communications and Semantic Web technologies. The USE-ME.GOV system addresses openness, interoperability, usability, and security scientific goals, and throughout the chapter the methodology and main outcomes are described.
Effects of Consumer-Perceived Convenience on Shopping Intention in Mobile Commerce
Authors: Jih Wen-Jang (Kenny)
Published: May 2011

Middle Tennessee State University, USA
Mobile Networked Text Communication
Authors: Barkhuus Louise
Published: May 2011

This chapter introduces a qualitative study of the use of mobile text messaging (SMS) and reflects on how SMS influences social interaction. It describes how this new communication technology is used to maintain social relations and how it generally assists users in their everyday activities. Three issues are highlighted: how users use SMS to overcome shyness, how they use it for micro-grooming, and how they are able to control messages to their advantage. It is argued that SMS facilitates users in their everyday life through the ways it supports awareness and accountability. These characteristics make the communication channel a “social translucent” technology, contributing to its popularity. It is suggested that simple information and communication technologies such as SMS can provide powerful tools in new designs of information and communication technologies.
Strategy Aligned Process Selection for Mobile Customer Services
Authors: Schierholz Ragnar , Kolbe Lutz M. , Brenner Walter
Published: May 2011

In this chapter we analyze how companies define their customer value proposition and how the selection of successful mobile customer services is done in alignment with this strategic positioning. We derive a set of five different strategic goals (price leadership, product quality leadership, customer intimacy leadership, accessibility leadership, innovation leadership) and apply this classification to case studies we analyzed. We show interdependencies between the strategic premises and the processes selected for being supported by mobile technology, resulting in typical properties which qualify processes for mobilization. These are used to derive guidelines for strategy aligned process selection when implementing mobile customer services.
A Mobile Portal Solution for Knowledge Management
Authors: Berger Stefan , Remus Ulrich
Published: May 2011

This chapter discusses the use of mobile applications in knowledge management (mobile KM). Today more and more people leave (or have to leave) their fixed working environment in order to conduct their work at changing locations or while they are on the move. At the same time, mobile work is getting more and more knowledge intensive. However, the issue of mobile work and KM is an aspect that has largely been overlooked so far. Based on requirements for mobile applications in KM an example for the implementation of a mobile KM portal at a German university is described. The presented solution offers various services for university staff (information access, colleague finder, campus navigator, collaboration support). The chapter is concluded by outlining an important future issue in mobile KM: the consideration of location-based information in mobile KM portals.
Developing a Theory of Portable Public Key Infrastructure (PORTABLEPKI) for Mobile Business Security
Authors: Nand Sashi
Published: May 2011

This chapter looks at how a public key infrastructure (PKI) can increase the wireless network’s security by requiring certificate-based authentication for access. It also develops a theory of PORTABLEPKI. Finally, a framework for testing PORTABLEPKI and future research opportunities are discussed.
Web Mining System for Mobile-Phone Marketing
Authors: Wang Miao-Ling , Wang Hsiao-Fan
Published: May 2011

With the ever-increasing and ever-changing flow of information available on the Web, information analysis has never been more important. Web text mining, which includes text categorization, text clustering, association analysis and prediction of trends, can assist us in discovering useful information in an effective and efficient manner. In this chapter, we have proposed a Web mining system that incorporates both online efficiency and off-line effectiveness to provide the “right” information based on users’ preferences. A Bi- Objective Fuzzy c-Means algorithm and information retrieval technique, for text categorization, clustering and integration, was employed for analysis. The proposed system is illustrated via a case involving the Web site marketing of mobile phones. A variety of Web sites exist on the Internet and a common type involves the trading of goods. In this type of Web site, the question to ask is: If we want to establish a Web site that provides information about products, how can we respond quickly and accurately to queries? This is equivalent to asking: How can we design a flexible search engine according to users’ preferences? In this study, we have applied data mining techniques to cope with such problems, by proposing, as an example, a Web site providing information on mobile phones in Taiwan. In order to efficiently provide useful information, two tasks were considered during the Web design phase. One related to off-line analysis: this was done by first carrying out a survey of frequent Web users, students between 15 and 40 years of age, regarding their preferences, so that Web customers’ behavior could be characterized. Then the survey data, as well as the products offered, were classified into different demand and preference groups. The other task was related to online query: this was done through the application of an information retrieval technique that responded to users’ queries. Based on the ideas above the remainder of the chapter is organized as follows: first, we present a literature review, introduce some concepts and review existing methods relevant to our study, then, the proposed Web mining system is presented, a case study of a mobile-phone marketing Web site is illustrated and finally, a summary and conclusions are offered.
Improving Mobile Web Navigation Using N-Grams Prediction Models
Authors: Fu Yongjian , Paul Hironmoy , Shetty Namita
Published: May 2011

In this article; we propose to use N-gram models for improving Web navigation for mobile users. N-gram models are built from Web server logs to learn navigation patterns of mobile users. They are used as prediction models in an existing algorithm which improves mobile Web navigation by recommending shortcuts. Our experiments on two real data sets show that N-gram models are as effective as other more complex models in improving mobile Web navigation.