bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gatekeepers of the Law
Authors: Blecher Joel
Published: May 2018

While Maliki commentators in postclassical Andalusia did not need to demonstrate knowledge of and personal connection to the genealogy of a canonical collection of hadith to be authorized to interpret it, a scholar’s genealogy became an important prerequisite for aspiring commentators in the late Mamluk era. Moreover, a subtler marker of authority was a commentator’s conspicuous mastery of the rarified rules and procedures of a given legal approach. For Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani, a Shafiʿi, knowledge of the chains of transmission informed his link to Sahih al-Bukhari as well as his legal approach to it. For Badr al-Din al-ʿAynī, a Hanafi, his expertise in the sciences of rhetoric was, for his students, qualification enough. But commentators’ genealogies as hadith scholars and training as jurists were not merely symbolic credentials, intended to rarify knowledge and exclude certain people from access to it. Their training also played a role, within the complex social and intellectual matrix of the Mamluk scholarly scene, in shaping the way commentators interpreted canonical collections of hadith.
The Art of Concision
Authors: Blecher Joel
Published: May 2018

The tendency toward encyclopedism that characterized many intellectual traditions of the Mamluk era was not without its counterpoint: a movement toward concision, which reined in scholastic and interpretive excesses. In contrast to many of his predecessors and contemporaries, Suyuti (d. 1505) sought from the outset to achieve concision in this genre. In order to succeed in his aim of providing the audience with a reading experience “without toil,” Suyuti excluded much of the commentary tradition he had inherited. These exclusions, along with those brief opinions and clarifications he chose to transmit, offer us clues into the complex social and exegetical dynamics of Suyuti’s craft. Through a diachronic and comparative reading of illustrative points of intersection—including commentary on the topic of discretionary punishment (ta’zir)—this chapter shows the ways in which Suyuti struggled at times to strike a balance among competing social and interpretive aims.
Introduction
Authors: Kramm Robert
Published: May 2018

The sanitation of sex—the regulation of reproductive and nonreproductive sexualities, sexual encounters, and venereal diseases along moral, hygienic, gendered, and racial codes—was a core issue of the modern biopolitical management of bodies. Sexuality being a key issue to negotiate authority was also omnipresent in the occupation Japan. The introduction discusses the state of the art in the study of occupied Japan and integrates Sanitized Sex in a larger historiography on sexuality, gender, and race in the history of imperialism and colonialism beyond Japanese history and studies.
Security
Authors: Kramm Robert
Published: May 2018

Chapter 2 is mainly about agency—cooperation, complicity, and resistance—between occupiers and the occupied, reconstructing the informal strategies to police prostitution and venereal disease. It discusses legal debates on prostitution and venereal disease and its control among the occupation’s law divisions, and it closely looks at the enforcement of law by the occupiers’ military police and Japanese police units. It addresses the emergence of unlicensed prostitution after the abolition of licensed prostitution in 1946, in which the streetwalking sex worker surfaced as a new phenomenon in modern Japanese history.
The Quest for Global Hegemony Starts There
Authors: Blumi Isa
Published: May 2018

This chapter offers what the historiography tells of Yemen’s rise as a modern, unified (and recently fragmented, chaotic polity). Starting from the beginning of the twentieth century when Yemen was administered by the Ottoman and British Empires, the narrative repositions Yemen as being at the heart of modern European imperialism until World War II. This chapter challenges conventional wisdom by way of providing an accounting for how and why European financial interests sought and finally, through appropriated state resources in Britain, France, Italy, Ottoman Empire gained access to Yemen’s natural and human resources. Beyond this, accounting for the arrival of the United States in this manner by the 1920s seems critical. It is in fact by way of engaging Yemen and the larger Red Sea, often on local Yemeni terms, that the very modern institutions and practices synonymous with American Empire emerge. This rethinking the nature of the relationship Yemenis had with an emergent globalist regime starts with clashes locals had with British capitalist interests, by the mid-nineteenth century firmly entrenched in South Yemen. The relationship that would help create Saudi Arabia, for instance, is drawn specifically from the fact British bankers could not subordinate the ruling family of Northern Yemen—the Imams—forcing them to resort to new tactics, including promoting the rise of KSA and ultimately political Islam as we know it today.
The Region That Pumps the Heart of the Cold War, 1941–1960
Authors: Blumi Isa
Published: May 2018

This chapter offers a modest historical scan of the contours of the early Cold War while introducing Yemenis whose roles as potential surrogates for global interests both ignited new political opportunities in the country and redefined what constitutes the modern state. Forming a generation of reformists known as the ‘asriyyun, “modernists,” urban intellectuals cultivated an alliance between the Free Yemeni Movement (FYM) or al-Ahrar al-Yamaniyyun (Free Yemenis) and the Muslim Brotherhood (MB) based in Egypt. The resulting coalition of rivals against the Imamate reflected the currents of the larger world and eventually overpowered peoples still resisting global finance capitalism.
This chapter tells the story how the Cold War constituted both a threat and opportunity. What happened in Yemen in this period was not solely the consequence of external forces imposing their demands on local societies. Indeed, because Yemenis’ repeated resistance frustrated the ambitions of global powers – British administrators, American oil conglomerates, Soviet strategists, French colonialists in Djibouti, and Egyptian would-be heroes of the Third World – these foreign interests had to adopt new policies towards first Yemen and then with the larger Middle East.
Birthing Revolution
Authors: Blumi Isa
Published: May 2018

“Revolutionary” Egypt that functioned as the crucial tool, through an occupation regime that established structures tailored to force Yemen’s incorporation into the global economy. Informing the bureaucratic imprints of this attempt was the hegemonic doctrines of modernization. And yet, those efforts proved short-lived, and a failure. Through its ubiquitous presence in universities and deep infiltration into the new multi-lateral institutions charged with bringing change to the Global South, theories of modernization and the prescriptions for how to realize it became unquestioned (social) science. Reflecting the power of the postwar society which produced these theories, within a few years, modernization’s ideals and the various blueprints to realize them were applied by most international donor agencies and governments. Presented through various multi-lateral organizations and directly implemented by way of aid agencies, it can be observed that throughout the 1960s and into the 1970s, the actual discourse of modernization imposed a narrowed idea of what was both correct economic practice and necessary for the global economic order envisioned by the Bretton Woods agreements to take place
Coda
Authors: Blumi Isa
Published: May 2018

Rule number one in Arabia’s Fight Club: Don’t Fuck with Yemen. Rule number two in Arabia’s Fight Club: DO NOT Fuck with Yemen.

Haykal Bafana

THIS BOOK SUGGESTS THAT we can only offer answers to the question of why destroy Yemen by taking a broader perspective, one that, perhaps surprising to many, puts Yemen at the heart of many global processes over the last century. The attempt to explain the recent horrors transpiring in South Arabia seems to also reveal Yemen’s contributions to the modern world and thus shed light on the very amorphous nature of global affairs. In this way, global events share common origins with local Yemeni ones, thereby revealing that the trajectories of socioeconomic, political, and intellectual trends often originate, pass through, or end in South Arabia, rather than pass it by....
Advances and Open Questions in the Science of Subjective Well-Being
Authors: Diener Ed , Lucas Richard E. , Oishi Shigehiro
Published: May 2018

Subjective well-being (SWB) is an extremely active area of research with about 170,000 articles and books published on the topic in the past 15 years. Methodological and theoretical advances have been notable in this period of time, with the increasing use of longitudinal and experimental designs allowing for a greater understanding of the predictors and outcomes that relate to SWB, along with the process that underlie these associations. In addition, theories about these processes have become more intricate, as findings reveal that many associations with SWB depend on people’s culture and values and the context in which they live. This review provides an overview of many major areas of research, including the measurement of SWB, the demographic and personality-based predictors of SWB, and process-oriented accounts of individual differences in SWB. In addition, because a major new focus in recent years has been the development of national accounts of subjective well-being, we also review attempts to use SWB measures to guide policy decisions.
Predictors of Medication Continuity in Children With ADHD
Authors: Brinkman William B. , Sucharew Heidi , Majcher Jessica Hartl , Epstein Jeffery N.
Published: May 2018

OBJECTIVES:

To identify predictors of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medication continuity, hypothesizing greater continuity among children with (1) greater child acceptance of treatment, (2) parent belief in longer time course for ADHD, (3) positive differential between parent-perceived need for and concerns about medication, and (4) greater parent-perceived alliance with their child’s doctor.

METHODS:

We conducted a prospective longitudinal cohort of 89 children aged 6 to 10 years old newly treated for ADHD by 1 of 44 pediatricians in 11 practices. Parents completed validated surveys on their beliefs about ADHD and medicine. We audited charts and obtained pharmacy dispensing records. In our analyses, we examined the relationship between predictor variables (eg, sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, quality of care, and belief measures) and short-term (first 90 days after starting medication) and long-term (91–450 days) medication continuity as defined by the number of days covered with medication.

RESULTS:

Children had a median of 81% of days covered over 0 to 90 days and 54% of days covered over 91 to 450 days after starting medicine. In the first 90 days, medication coverage related to child age, satisfaction with information about medicine, medication titration, symptom reduction, parent beliefs about control over symptoms, uncertainty about treating with medicine, and working alliance. Long-term medication continuity related to child acceptance of treatment and differential between parent-perceived need for and concerns about medication at 3 months, not baseline factors.

CONCLUSIONS:

Adherence is a process that can change over time in response to experiences with treatment. Interventions are needed to promote productive interactions between pediatricians and families in support of continuity.
“Base de datos sobre instituciones públicas de Costa Rica y Nicaragua, 1840-1940”. Una propuesta para el análisis comparativo de Centroamérica
Authors: Rodríguez Solano Pablo Augusto , Moncada Bellorin Ludwing
Published: May 2018

El presente artículo tiene como principal objetivo presentar la “Base de datos sobre instituciones públicas de Costa Rica y Nicaragua, 1840 y 1940”. Esta fue desarrollada como parte de un proyecto del Programa Estado de la Nación, en Costa Rica, con la colaboración del Instituto de Historia de Nicaragua y Centroamérica de la Universidad de Centroamericana, en Nicaragua (IHNCA-UCA). Además de los aspectos técnicos de la base, se presentan algunas de las conclusiones obtenidas de una revisión preliminar de los resultados. Se pretende mostrar las posibilidades de esta herramienta para el estudio comparativo de la formación de los Estados en el istmo, a partir del análisis de su composición institucional-administrativa.
El Salvador. Historia contemporánea, 1808-2010. Carlos Gregorio López Bernal (Dir.). San Salvador: Fundación Mapfre y Editorial Universitaria- Universidad de El Salvador, 2015
Authors: Acuña Ortega Víctor Hugo
Published: May 2018

Esta obra reúne a un grupo de historiadores salvadoreños, dirigido por Carlos Gregorio López, que realiza una síntesis de la historia de este país centroamericano durante los últimos dos siglos. El libro está integrado por una introducción de López, una cronología esencialmente de los principales acontecimientos políticos, una breve visión de conjunto de la historia salvadoreña titulada “Las claves de la historia de El Salvador”, de Carlos Gregorio López, y cinco capítulos que se ocupan de un tema específco para todo el periodo en estudio: “La vida política” de Roberto Turcios, “El Salvador en el mundo” de Knut Walter, “El proceso económico” de Héctor Lindo, “Población y sociedad” de Knut Walter y “La cultura” de Ricardo Roque Baldovinos.
Presentación
Authors: Sandoval García Carlos
Published: May 2018

Acercándose el fn de año, es un gusto poner a disposición del “Anuario de Estudios Centroamericanos”. Este 2017 no es la excepción, pues este número 43 reúne, como ya es tradición, un muy buen número de artículos y reseñas, 17 y 12, respectivamente. A ello se agrega una pieza teatral en la sección de Documentos.
Rentismo y modelo liberalizador en Costa Rica. El caso de la fundación Omar Dengo: 1987-2009
Authors: Blanco Lizano Randall
Published: May 2018

Este artículo indaga sobre los alcances de las discusiones propuestas por algunos economistas costarricenses al utilizar el concepto de rentismo y hace extensivo el uso del concepto para analizar un caso en particular: las prácticas de una de las instituciones insignias del nuevo modelo liberalizador: la Fundación Omar Dengo, para probar la justeza de las afirmaciones de los economistas costarricenses, en el sentido que la libre competencia elimina las prácticas rentistas.El fenómeno del rentismo se trataba de un fenómeno exclusivo del modelo de sustitución de importaciones o se trata de una modalidad de usufructo extensiva al modelo liberalizador?. Y si esa modalidad de aprovechamiento es extensiva al nuevo modelo: ¿quiénes son los nuevos rentistas en la Costa Rica de la libre competencia y qué mecanismos utilizan para producir sus rentas?.
La economía de enclave forestal: la configuración capitalista del paisaje en Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo (1902 - 1936).
Authors: Zizumbo-Villarre Lilia , Monterroso Salvatierra Neptalí
Published: May 2018

La explicación de la configuración paisajística de Puerto Morelos que se presenta en este trabajo abarca las primeras tres décadas de existencia de este poblado (1902-1936), las cuales corresponden al periodo en el que el capital -vía las compañías extranjeras explotadoras de chicle- pone en marcha dinámicas de penetración y subsunción sobre el espacio puerto morelense que desencadenaron procesos de producción material y de reproducción social que dieron lugar a la configuración de un paisaje con características propias al enclave forestal que venía gestándose en el territorio federal de Quintana Roo desde finales del siglo XIX.
Historia de la Ermita de Nuestro Señor de la Agonía. Liberia Guanacaste
Authors: Solano Edgar
Published: May 2018

El artículo trata sobre la Historia de la Ermita de Nuestro Señor de la Agonía, ubicada en Liberia, Guanacaste. Las gestiones comunales ante el gobierno de Costa Rica para iniciar la construcción de la Ermita surgieron en la década de los años 40 del siglo XIX, pero debido a la guerra en Centroamérica,  se restableció hasta los años sesenta de ese siglo, cuando finalmente se inauguró.
Música e infancia: de la socialización al control social. Un balance teórico metodológico
Authors: Marín Hernández Juan José
Published: May 2018

El artículo aborda, desde una revisión bibliografía, las posibilidades de realizar tanto una historia social de la niñez como de la infancia, a través de las fuentes propias de la historia social de la música.    Así en el trabajo se desarrolla una propuesta que atiende al llamado interdisciplinario y de análisis colaborativo que observa en estos campos un espacio de trabajo más que la creación de un nuevo sector historiográfico. Por ello, el objetivo central de este trabajo es analizar los escritos que han visualizado la relación entre música, historia, socialización y control social cada uno de ellos enmarcados dentro de un campo interpretativo que procure entender e interpretar cómo se lleva a cabo la socialización de los niños y las niñas esbozados en los cancioneros y en la música escolar y determinar cuáles fueron los procesos y mecanismos que deben observarse para percibir la sociabilidad infantil con una perspectiva de trayectorias sociales, con sus cambios, transformaciones y continuidades.
Educação integral: uma proposta em construção
Authors: Oliveira Graciete Maria De
Published: May 2018

A política de período integral trata-se de uma proposta do sitema educacional brasileiro para as escolas públicas e privadas cujo objetivo é fortalecer as práticas educativas escolares e valorizar a formação de um cidadão mais consciente, critíco e participativo na sociedade. O presente estudo buscou analisar as concepções da proposta de implantação do sistema de Ensino em Tempo Integral[1] num colégio da rede privada de Belo Horizonte. O artigo apresenta os elementos que compõem o atual debate sobre o tema e é dirigido aos educadores que atuam no âmbito das redes escolares e demais instituições que estão mobilizados em torno da causa da educação integral.Palavras- chave: Educação integral, Tempo integral, Política educacional.[1] Optou-se por usar o termo “Ensino em Tempo Integral” ao que se refere à escola de período integral, pois é o termo empregado pelo colégio em seu Projeto Pedagógico.
Hereges, traidores e prostitutas. A vida de Jesus no discurso cinematográfico
Authors: Lagunas Samuel
Published: May 2018

A partir de três figuras marginalizadas da história oficial da vida de Cristo, hereges, traidores e prostitutas, uma viagem é feita através dos filmes mais importantes sobre Jesus na segunda metade do século XX. O foco da atenção está em como as divergências do cânon bíblico entendem os personagens, como Judas, Maria Madalena ou o próprio Jesus. No entanto, as vidas de Cristo, como um subgênero cinematográfico, é limitada, breve e com pouca margem para desencadear novas tensões dramáticas, razão pela qual a maioria desses filmes está condenada ao fracasso. Mais promissoras, no entanto, são as fitas que contemporizam Cristo ou o interpretam do ponto de vista de etnia, gênero ou classe.
Wady i zalety common sense w wyjaśnianiu i rozumieniu świata społecznego
Authors: Mendeluk Paulina
Published: May 2018

W artykule podejmuję próbę analizy zdrowego rozsądku, czyli tak zwanego common sense. Wskazuję jego wady oraz zalety w perspektywie poznawania świata społecznego. W pierwszej części artykułu koncentruję się na wybranych koncepcjach filozoficznych, które podważają znaczenie myślenia potocznego. Następnie kategorie common sense ujmuję jako zagrożenie dla myśli oraz refleksji politycznej. Natomiast w drugiej części artykułu poświęcam uwagę koncepcjom filozoficznym, które doceniają wpływ wiedzy zdroworozsądkowej na budowanie tożsamości jednostki oraz poznanie człowieka.
Umiar i rozsądek lekarstwem na przesadną konsumpcję
Authors: Żmuda-Frydrychowska Barbara
Published: May 2018

Artykuł stanowi próbę zastosowania myśli personalistycznej Adama Rodzińskiego w odniesieniu do problemów, jakie stawia przed nami współczesny model konsumpcyjnego życia. W pierwszej kolejności przedstawione zostają zagrożenia wynikające z niewiarygodnie szybkiego postępu technologicznego oraz zmiany mentalności współczesnych jednostek. Następne wymienione sytuacje zostają skontrastowane z nakazami etyki personalistycznej w celu odnalezienia w nich sposobów wyjścia z kryzysu, który przyniosła tak zwana „rozbuchana konsumpcja”. Celem artykułu jest próba wykazania, że personalistycznym lekarstwem na przesadną konsumpcję wcale nie jest wyrzeczenie się jej, lecz rozsądne i umiarkowane podejście do konsumowania.
Umiar w społeczeństwie konsumpcyjnym
Authors: Cikała-Kaszowska Katarzyna
Published: May 2018

W strukturach społeczeństwa konsumpcyjnego brak miejsca na umiar i złoty środek. To właśnie galopująca konsumpcja napędza społeczeństwo i gospodarkę. Szybki rozwój technologiczny, globalizacja i wzrost PKB dają powody do radości. Jednak w tak zarysowanych mechanizmach zaczyna pojawiać się innym problem – przesytu, nadmiaru, naddostatku. Konsumenci muszą cały czas uczestniczyć w nieustannym wyścigu, gdyż niepodporządkowanie się dominującym trendom zepchnie ich na margines społeczeństwa (staną się nieprzydatni).Celem referatu jest próba zarysowania problemów wiążących się z dążeniem do umiaru w społeczeństwie konsumpcyjnym. Na przykładzie prac Zygmunta Baumana, Alana Aldridge’a, Tomasza Szlendaka przedstawione zostaną bolączki konsumenta próbującego żyć w społeczeństwie, ale jednocześnie skrycie dążącego do umiaru. W wystąpieniu przedstawiona zostanie również teoria imperatywów Adeli Cortiny jako możliwa recepta na nadmierną konsumpcję i związaną z nią degradację środowiska.
A Single-Cell Transcriptome Atlas of the Mouse Glomerulus
Authors: Karaiskos Nikos , Rahmatollahi Mahdieh , Boltengagen Anastasiya , Liu Haiyue , Hoehne Martin , Rinschen Markus , Schermer Bernhard , Benzing Thomas , Rajewsky Nikolaus , Kocks Christine , Kann Martin , Müller Roman-Ulrich
Published: May 2018

Background Three different cell types constitute the glomerular filter: mesangial cells, endothelial cells, and podocytes. However, to what extent cellular heterogeneity exists within healthy glomerular cell populations remains unknown.

Methods We used nanodroplet-based highly parallel transcriptional profiling to characterize the cellular content of purified wild-type mouse glomeruli.

Results Unsupervised clustering of nearly 13,000 single-cell transcriptomes identified the three known glomerular cell types. We provide a comprehensive online atlas of gene expression in glomerular cells that can be queried and visualized using an interactive and freely available database. Novel marker genes for all glomerular cell types were identified and supported by immunohistochemistry images obtained from the Human Protein Atlas. Subclustering of endothelial cells revealed a subset of endothelium that expressed marker genes related to endothelial proliferation. By comparison, the podocyte population appeared more homogeneous but contained three smaller, previously unknown subpopulations.

Conclusions Our study comprehensively characterized gene expression in individual glomerular cells and sets the stage for the dissection of glomerular function at the single-cell level in health and disease.
Spathiphyllum’un in vitro mikro çoğaltımı üzerine şeker konsantrasyonlarının etkileri
Authors: Özzambak Mustafa , Zeybekoğlu Emrah , Gün İzzet , Kılıç Tuğba
Published: May 2018

Fotoototrofik mikro çoğaltım, doku kültüründe gereksinim duyulan
karbonun karbondioksitten karşılanmasıdır. Bu yöntemin temeli besin ortamına
organik karbon kaynağı olarak şekerin ilave edilmemesi veya konsantrasyonunun
azaltılması koşuluna dayanmaktadır. Fotoototrofik mikro çoğaltım, doku
kültürünün en önemli sakıncaları olan vitrifikasyon, dış koşullara adaptasyon
güçlüğü, yoğun işgücü kullanımı, yüksek maliyet, kontaminasyon riski gibi
sorunları azaltabilmekte ya da ortadan kaldırabilmektedir. Bu çalışma ile Spathiphyllum wallisii’nin farklı şeker
konsantrasyonları içeren besin ortamlarındaki sürgün çoğaltma-köklendirme
kabiliyetinin in vitro fotoototrofik çoğaltıma uygunluk durumu belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır.
Sürgün çoğaltma denemesinde 8-10 mm uzunluğunda iki yapraklı in vitro sürgünler
MS + 0.5 mg/l BAP + 0.1 mg/l NAA ortamında; köklendirme denemesinde ise 25 mm
boyundaki in vitro sürgünler MS + 0.1 mg/l NAA ortamında kültüre alınmış olup;
her iki ortam da 0, 10, 20, 30 g/l konsantrasyonlarında şeker içermektedir.
Sürgün çoğaltma aşamasında, çoğalma oranı, kardeş sürgün adedi ve uzunluğu,
sürgün yaş ağırlığı, yaprak renk değerleri ve gelişme puanı bakımından şekerli
(10, 20, 30 g/l) ve şekersiz (0 g/l) ortamlar arasında istatistiksel olarak
önemli farklılıklar bulunmuştur. 10, 20, 30 g/l şeker konsantrasyonlarında
çoğalma sırasıyla 4.4, 4.6, 5.4 sürgün/eksp., 0 g/l şeker konsantrasyonunda 0.7
sürgün/eksp. olarak gerçekleşmiştir. Köklendirme aşamasında da ortamda şeker
bulunması incelenen özellikler üzerine pozitif yönde etki göstermiştir. 20, 30
g/l şeker konsantrasyonlarında köklenme oranı %100 olup; kök sayısı sırasıyla
16.1-8.8 adet/eksp., yaş kök ağırlığı ise 518.9-440.6 mg olarak belirlenmiştir.
Bu çalışma koşullarında fotoototofik mikro çoğaltmanın tam olarak
gerçekleşmediği; Spathipyllum’un in vitro sürgün çoğaltma ve köklendirilmesi
için besin ortamında 20 ya da 30 g/l konsantrasyonlarında şeker bulunması
gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.
Vibration Analysis of Carbon and Kevlar Fiber Reinforced Composites Containing Sic Particles
Authors: Bulut Mehmet
Published: May 2018

Present study explores the
vibration and damping characteristics of Kevlar and carbon fiber reinforced
composites with incorporation of SiC particles within the common matrix of
epoxy resin. Experimental modal analysis was performed to extract natural
frequency and damping property with aim of the enhancing dynamic performance of
the composite system containing SiC particles. A numerical model using ABAQUS
software was developed for comparison of experimental results in attempt to
predict higher mode frequencies with mode shapes. Results showed that
interaction of SiC particles with the carbon or Kevlar/epoxy resulted in a
significant effect in terms of vibration and damping characteristics due to
interface strength between SiC particles and polymer matrix those influencing
elastic properties.
MRI pilot v1
Authors: Snoek Lukas , Beemsterboer Tinka
Published: May 2018

Run an MRI pilot at Spinoza REC. This protocol will help you running your pilot.Make sure to read this protocol before coming to the pilot so you know what is expected ofyou and which choices you will be going to make. During the pilot the researcher runs the task for the first time. Spinoza personnal will help you set up the sequences and assist you with the stimulus set up. Also we will try to help you with getting a good workflow for your scan time. There are a couple of things that are generally done during a pilot: The researcher checks if the tasks are running properly and as expected; The researcher makes an estimation of the amount of time necessary to run one participant to eventually be able to make a feasible planning of the project; The MR-operator (from Spinoza REC) sets up a protocol on the scan computer; If desired, the person that is present from the Spinoza REC may advise you in aspects of the stimulus equipment, scan workflow and planning of the project In our experience, it's best to have an experienced participant during the pilot.
Starch measurement (Kit K-TSTA, Megazyme, Ireland) v1
Authors: He Wm
Published: May 2018

Please contact Wenmei He (wenmei@khu.ar.kr) for additional information regarding this protocol. Kyung Hee university, South Korea. This protocal is modified from total starch assay procedure(Kit K-TSTA, Megazyme, Ireland).
STEAM-PROJECTS IN THE DESIGN ACTIVITIES OF PUPILS AND STUDENTS
Authors: Kolomiiets Dmytro , Brovchak Liudmyla , Shwets Olena , Babchuk Yurij
Published: May 2018

The aim of the article is to reveal the essence of the new educational style called STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Art, and Mathematics) which was born and now acquires rapid rates on the territory of the world leading countries. Based on the analysis of the main characteristics of STEAM-education and the results of its implementation in the Pedagogical University’s teaching process, it has been stated that STEAM is a synthesis of such previously known teaching methods as contextual, problematic, project, integrated, heuristic education. It has also been shown that at the methodological level STEAM-education integrates such methodological approaches as system, personal, actionable, competence, integrative, technological, communicative, etc. It has been concluded that STEAM-education as being the genuine integration of sciences, technologies, engineering, arts and mathematics, is advisable to use in future teachers’ training process as well as for organizing of project design activities of pupils and students in any branch of industry.
FORMATION OF THE RESTORATION SCHOOL IN UZBEKISTAN AND ITS ROLE IN PRESERVATION OF ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE
Authors: Makhmudova Malika , Makhmudova Muhayyo
Published: May 2018

The article considers the history of the origination of the restoration of the architectural heritage in Uzbekistan, the formation of a scientific methodology for the restoration of architectural monuments.Also, the article is devoted to the formation of the restoration school of Uzbekistan, information about the well-known architects-restorers and scientists who stood at the origins of the restoration work in the republic, such as M.F. Mauer, B.N. Zasypkin and others, as well as examples from their restoration practice is given in the article.The analytical method, generalization methods, systematization and practical experience were used in the article. In particular, the following were studied: (1) literature on the restoration of architecture in Uzbekistan, materials from the Central State Archives of Architecture of Uzbekistan, materials of the personal achieves of restorers; (2) practical experience of architects in the restoration of architectural monuments; (3) object of study: architectural heritage of Uzbekistan: minarets, mausoleums, mosques, madrasahs and other types of architectural objects; (4) subject of research: structures, domes, architectural decor of interiors and facades of monuments of architecture, as well as the activities of renowned architects-restorers and scientists of Uzbekistan.
COMPETITIVE EDUCATION AS A SIGNIFICANT FACTOR OF A NATIONAL ECONOMIC GROWTH
Authors: Zenčaka Andra , Šenfelde Maija
Published: May 2018

In order to ensure sustainable economic growth in the country, a knowledge-based economy must be implemented in the country, in which one of the essential factors is educated human resources, globally competitive and able to quickly respond to changes in the structure of the national economy. Researches carried out in the world suggests that technological developments will require a fifth of the workers to change their job in the coming decades. In this case, acquisition of knowledge, skills and competences will not necessarily require a long-term training process, but on the contrary it will have to be fast and of high-quality in order to respond to changes in the labor market. With the growth of global competition, with the increase in interaction between education and sustainable national growth, it is necessary to ensure the functioning of a competitive education system. As education and its quality are one of the most important conditions for solving global problems in today`s world, the aim of the research is to analyze the features of competitive education, to demonstrate its impact on the growth of national economy branches and to demonstrate how their effective interaction can ensure the country`s sustainable economic growth. The research analyzes the main indicators characterizing the education system in Latvia – the number of education institutions, the number of teachers in the educational institutions, their quality, the number of students and the financing from the state budget for education in the period from 2014 to 2016. Certain features of competitive education and their impact on sustainable economic growth of the country, the main results of the implementation of competitive education are summarized and the possible relationship between competitive education and the country`s economic growth is reflected. In the research, the following methods, generally recognized in the economy, have been used: document analysis, comparison, classification, and statistical analysis methods. As a result of the research, the authors will determine the factors influencing the competitiveness of education, as well as develop recommendations to be introduced in order to implement competitive education in Latvia in line with the development trends of the national economy sectors, to prepare knowledgeable and globally competitive human resources that would promote the long-term national economic growth.
SOCIAL WORK IN SCHOOL EDUCATION
Authors: Siedlaczek-Szwed Aleksandra , Jałowiecka-Frania Agata
Published: May 2018

This work comments on issues connected with an aspect to include tasks from widely perceived social work into the activity of school. School, by fulfilling certain social tasks, consolidates characteristics which are significant for workplaces, as well as social institutions, e.g. children’s homes, community centres, social units. Thus, for a student, school is some kind of mind training department. The time spend at educational facility forces, apart from didactical activities, insurance that children in care will get a possibility to relax, play or to provide safe development, then by defined part of a day the school replaces a family. Didactical functions, character and social education of school are equal and mutually connected. By understanding social work within categories of support in gaining abilities of self functioning within society, it will be then an activity which includes various behaviours and attitudes which drive to equip a client with necessary strength or means which are crucial for individual development and proper social functioning.
HIGHER EDUCATION AND GLOBAL COMPETENCE: RENEWING THE EDUCATIONAL CONCEPT OF UNIVERSITIES IN RUSSIA
Authors: Polukhina Marina , Doskovskaya Maria
Published: May 2018

The world is changing at an increasing pace. We are living in a time of dramatic transformations such as globalization with its impact on economic competitiveness and social cohesion, international mobility, new occupations and careers, advances in technology and its use. Such processes affected the higher education of many countries, including Russia, and created the concept of global education. Nowadays our students have the opportunity and challenge of living and working in such a diverse and rapidly changing world. Thus, renewing the educational concept of universities is becoming relevant. In this article, the authors consider definitions and dimensions of global competence as an essential component of training young specialists as well as 21st century learning in the context of global competence. The authors present how global competence is defined as the combination of the four dimensions and how each dimension builds on specific knowledge, skills, attitudes and values: Also, the paper considers the ways of renewing higher education in Russia and points of growth.
GLOBAL AND INNOVATIVE TOOLS IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNING: STRENGTHS OR THREATS?
Authors: Žegunienė Vaida , Karczewska Małgorzata
Published: May 2018

The article aims to reveal and present the essence of English language learning/teaching modernization via the innovative and globally used methods or tools. Innovations cannot be created and used without the existence of the traditional methodology and conventional activities. Positive experience in traditional education can be modified integrating global ideas. There are many alternatives in innovative tools usage; teachers and students are not limited with their own decisions and possibilities provided. Still, an important issue exists regarding positive and negative effects of such innovative and global tools on learners. Do participants of the study process demonstrate clear perception of possible benefits or reject such innovations due to their disadvantages? The survey reveals the current situation, where innovative tools do not exist independently. The usage of computer games, songs, films, social media (social networks, Youtube, the Internet) is not clearly separated from the traditional tools as books, friends, travelling or meeting foreigners. An in-depth overview gives basis for further studies on the application of more innovative tools, such as interactive activities on the Internet, interactive boards/tables, blogs, forums, virtual learning environments, strategies proposed by the scientists as neuroprogramming, language coaching, etc.
BACK PAIN CHARACTERISTICS IN PHYSICAL AND OFFICE WORKERS
Authors: Swiat Maciej , Kozłowska Katarzyna , Pilis Anna , Ptaszkowska Lucyna , Pilis Wieslaw , Stec Krzysztof
Published: May 2018

The aim of our study was to characterize back pain according to the occupation comprising physical  and office work. Accordingly questionnaires from 100 physical workers (PW) and 100 office workers (OW) were collected.  This dedicated questionnaire included 19 questions, of which 7 concerned demographic, work and stature features and 12 concerned back pain.  Collected data showed that lower back pain was more common in PW but cervical pain in OW (p0.001). Most common aetiology of back pain was spinal osteoarthritis, sciatica and scoliosis but of different spread in two groups (p0.001). The history of back pain was most often above 5 years and there were significant differences in frequency, intensity and pain handling methods between groups (p0.005). Back pain prophylaxis was well acknowledged in both groups (85% in OW, 91% in PW). Regular physical activity was considered the main prophylaxis method  (67% in PW, 89% in OW) and similarly incorporated in both groups (p=0.691) however OW more often performed physical exercises (p0.001). Physical therapy was used in both groups (PW 100%, OW 92%, p=0.004) but with variable efficacy according to responders. To conclude there were multiple differences between both groups in terms of the pain characteristic but with similar awareness and incorporated prophylaxis.
RISKS OF WORK ENVIRONMENT FOR SOCIAL WORK SPECIALISTS
Authors: Vīksniņa Ina , Vītoliņa Kristīne , Priede Līga
Published: May 2018

The article discusses research about the risks of work environment of social work specialists.In order institution wants to provide high quality service, it is important that staff maintain their mental and physical health in the long term. Daily work is physically hard because is associated with the movement of clients, long working hours, psychological load, daily inadequate socio-economic assessment and all this affects employee’s safety and health.Social Care Department lecturers from P. Stradins Medical College of the University of Latvia have carried out the study about the risks of work environment for social work specialists in social care and social rehabilitation institutions in order to identify the more common risks of work environment.The aim of the study was to ascertain the views of social work specialists about the risks of work environment in order to identify common risks of work environment in institutions of social care and rehabilitation. In implementation of the study were involved students from the Social Care Department as well as several social care and social rehabilitation institutions in Latvia.  In realization of the study were utilized a couple of research methods - analysis of literature, guidelines, laws and regulations, and quantitative research method with the research instrument – questionnaire. The results of the study suggest that there are several risks of the work environment but as the main ones, after the analysis of staffs’ opinion, are psychological and ergonomic.
EXTERNAL DEVELOPMENT FACTORS OF UNIVERSITY LECTURERS
Authors: Rutkiene Ausra , Ančlauskaitė Jolita
Published: May 2018

In the context of the knowledge society the university teachers face increasing challenges. They are required a wide range of education as well as a constant desire for improvement fallowing up and applying innovations in their work. This article examines the teaching of a university lecturer in a non-formal or an informal way in order to find out what factors lead by representatives of this field trying to improve their competencies as the knowledge creator and disseminator. The survey was conducted by interviewing university lecturers during a semi-structured interview. The results of empirical research have shown that non-formal or informal learning for teachers is an integral part of their professional activity and they tend to pursue their personal interests in the most part in gaining knowledge or new experience to satisfy their curiosity, to satisfy students or to overcome certain challenges. In the professional environment, the impetus for learning is felt through the improvement of the quality of students and lectures, the desire to be equal partners in science to their colleagues and the perception that the teaching profession requires multidisciplinarity. Continuous learning has also been identified as a condition for pursuing a career or simply to maintain a job and meet the high academic requirements of the teaching profession.
LEARNING TO NOTICE: PROFESSIONAL VISION AND CHALLENGING BEHAVIOUR IN THE CLASSROOM
Authors: Sokolová Lenka
Published: May 2018

Based on the Talis study teachers spend about 13% of their teaching time keeping order in the classroom and solving disciplinary problems. Especially student and novice teachers often report tension and anxiety related to the misbehaviour, disruptive behaviour, and challenging classroom situations. When teachers need to cope with a challenging incident in the classroom they usually go through a three-phase process comprising a) identification of a situation (selective attention), b) interpretation of a scene (using either knowledge-based reasoning or implicit, intuitive interpretation) and c) intervention (taking action). This study aims to investigate the development of professional vision related to challenging situations in the classroom among student teachers. 40 junior (bachelor) and 40 senior (master) student teachers were watching a classroom video with the example of disruptive behaviour. Then they wrote short scripts describing the situation. Their answers were analysed in the context of identification, interpretation and intervention model. Both qualitative and quantitative differences were found between the groups. Implications for further research and teacher training are discussed.
MEDICAL PERSONNEL’S LEGAL AWARENESS AS THE KEY OF PRINCIPAL QUALITY OF WORK WITH MINOR PATIENTS
Authors: Palkova Karina
Published: May 2018

Nowadays increasing attention is paid to the issues of the relationships between minor patients and medical personnel. There are several problematical issues in relationships mentioned above and one of the most significant is the legal regulation awareness of people providing medical services. The aim of the study is to make evaluation of the legal knowledge of medical personnel who work with minor patients and find out the main problems medical personnel deal with in particular area. Material and methods: the first group consisting of 70 medical personnel completed the questionnaire about knowledge of legal regulations by medical personnel. As the result the participants possess the low level of knowledge in providing information to minor patients about their health status. Insufficient knowledge is resulting in low quality of legal perspective of provided services. And this fact puts medical personnel at risk of being liable for breaching the laws.
DEVELOPMENT OF FUTURE TEACHERS’ SUBJECTIVITY IN THE CONTEXT OF PREPARATION FOR WORKING WITH GIFTED CHILDREN
Authors: Demchenko Оlena , Kit Galina , Holiuk Oksana , Rodiuk Nataliia
Published: May 2018

The authors emphasize the importance of special training of future specialists in the psychological and pedagogical profile to the development of children's giftedness. Attention is focused on the importance of the formation of subjectivity as an integrative characteristic of the student. It is proved that in order to increase the activity of future teachers of gifted children during their preparation, it is necessary to make corrections in the methodology of organizing the educational process of the university. The experience of using modern technologies and techniques (business pedagogical games, case studies, “inverted training”, a portfolio of creative teacher, creative projects, individual research tasks of exploratory nature), attracting students to participation in scientific clubs and problem groups and to perform creative scientific works is theoretically grounded and shown in the process of forming them as the subjects of professional growth.
STRENGTHENING VALUES IN LITHUANIAN JUDGES' ACTIVITY: DISCUSSION ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLE OF JUSTICE AND IMPARTIALITY
Authors: Navickienė Žaneta , Žilys Vaidotas
Published: May 2018

In today‘s guaranteeing of justice, the public becomes an active evaluator of the activities of courts and judges. The latest changes in the legal regulation since 2013 have enabled any member of the public to turn to the Judicial Ethics and Discipline Commission due to doubtful judge‘s behaviour. In addition, this commission was given a new function of giving consultations to judges. This shows that the increasingly attention of the scientists and practitioners is paid to the observance of the principles of professional ethics of judges, while the judges must consciously understand the meaning of ethical provisions in their professional activities and lives, constantly uphold the fundamental values.The aim of the paper is to analyse the principle of the ethics of Lithuanian judges – justice and impartiality. The analysis of the realization of this ethical principle in practice was carried out (49 decisions were analysed, among which 4 decisions adopted by the Judicial Ethics and Discipline Commission were relevant in this regard) which showed a high level of integrity of this principle. The research reveals two main vectors for the implementation of this principle of ethics by Lithuanian judges. Firstly, in the scientific and practical implementation of the principles of professional ethics there is a debate about its realization in practice (application). Secondly, this principle of the judge's ethics is most clearly elaborated by comparing the content of the principle of impartiality of the investigator or prosecutor.