bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correlates of HIV Testing Among Rural African American Cocaine Users
Authors: Wright Patricia B. , Booth Brenda M. , Curran Geoffrey M. , Borders Tyrone F. , Ounpraseuth Songthip T. , Stewart Katharine E.
Published: October 2014

Andersen's Revised Behavioral Model of Health Services Use (RBM) was used as a framework in this correlational cross‐sectional study to examine factors associated with HIV testing among a sample of 251 rural African American cocaine users. All participants reported using cocaine and being sexually active within the past 30 days. Independent variables were categorized according to the RBM as predisposing, enabling, need, or health behavior factors. Number of times tested for HIV (never, one time, two to four times, five or more times) was the outcome of interest. In ordered logistic regression analyses, HIV testing was strongly associated with being female, of younger age (predisposing factors); having been tested for sexually transmitted diseases or hepatitis, ever having been incarcerated in jail or prison (enabling factors); and having had one sex partner the past 30 days (health behavior factor). Other sexual risk behaviors, drug use, health status, and perception of risk were not associated with HIV testing. Our findings confirm the importance of routine testing in all healthcare settings rather than risk‐based testing. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
THE USE OF THE BASC‐2 FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF FEMALE ADOLESCENTS AT RISK FOR DEVELOPING AN EATING DISORDER
Authors: Stachowitz Annie L. , Choi Hee‐Sook , Schweinle Amy
Published: October 2014

Eating disorders, disordered eating, and body dissatisfaction prevalence rates are on the rise among adolescent females. The present study examined the potential use of a commonly used social–emotional instrument, the Behavior Assessment System for Children‐Second Edition (BASC‐2), for detecting the presence of possible eating disorders in adolescent females in a school setting. Participants included 65 female adolescents aged 13 to 17 years from Midwestern public middle and high schools. The Eating Disorder Inventory‐Third Edition was used to determine eating disorder risk and level of body dissatisfaction. Those adolescents at risk for developing an eating disorder differed significantly on 12 of the 16 BASC‐2 scales, whereas four of these scales were also in the clinically significant range according to the BASC‐2 normative sample. A common profile of a female adolescent at risk for developing an eating disorder was explored. Implications of the findings and recommendations for future research are discussed.
Modelling sea‐breeze climatologies and interactions on coasts in the southern North Sea: implications for offshore wind energy
Authors: Steele C. J. , Dorling S. R. , von Glasow R. , Bacon J.
Published: October 2014

Current understanding of the behaviour of sea breezes in the offshore environment is limited but rapidly requires improvement due, not least, to the expansion of the offshore wind energy industry. Here we report on contrasting characteristics of three sea‐breeze types on five coastlines around the southern North Sea from an 11 year model‐simulated climatology. We present and test an identification method which distinguishes sea‐breeze types which can, in principle, be adapted for other coastlines around the world. The coherence of the composite results for each type demonstrates that the method is very effective in resolving and distinguishing characteristics and features. Some features, such as jets and calm zones, are shown to influence offshore wind farm development areas, including the sites of the proposed wind farms up to 200 km offshore. A large variability in sea‐breeze frequency between neighbouring coastlines of up to a factor of 3 is revealed. Additionally, there is a strong association between sea‐breeze type on one coastline and that which may form coincidentally on another nearby. This association can be as high as 86% between, for example, the North Norfolk and East Norfolk coasts. We show, through associations between sea‐breeze events on coastlines with contrasting orientations, that each coastline can be important for influencing the wind climate of another. Furthermore, we highlight that each sea‐breeze type needs separate consideration in wind power resource assessment and that future larger turbines will be more sensitive to sea‐breeze impacts.
An analytic solution for time‐periodic thermally driven slope flows
Authors: Zardi D. , Serafin S.
Published: October 2014

The article examines the flow generated by time‐periodic variations in surface temperature along an infinite slope in an initially unperturbed, stably stratified atmosphere at rest. Uniform boundary conditions at the surface are conducive to an along‐slope parallel flow, governed by a periodically reversing local imbalance between along‐slope advection and slope‐normal fluxes of momentum and heat. It is shown that solutions include both a transient part and a periodic regime and that three different flow regimes may occur. The properties of the solutions in each regime are examined and discussed, outlining novelties with respect to previously known results.
An Architecture for Online Affordance‐based Perception and Whole‐body Planning
Authors: Fallon Maurice , Kuindersma Scott , Karumanchi Sisir , Antone Matthew , Schneider Toby , Dai Hongkai , D'Arpino Claudia Pérez , Deits Robin , DiCicco Matt , Fourie Dehann , Koolen Twan , Marion Pat , Posa Michael , Valenzuela Andrés , Yu Kuan‐Ting , Shah Julie , Iagnemma Karl , Tedrake Russ , Teller Seth
Published: October 2014

The DARPA Robotics Challenge Trials held in December 2013 provided a landmark demonstration of dexterous mobile robots executing a variety of tasks aided by a remote human operator using only data from the robot's sensor suite transmitted over a constrained, field‐realistic communications link. We describe the design considerations, architecture, implementation, and performance of the software that Team MIT developed to command and control an Atlas humanoid robot. Our design emphasized human interaction with an efficient motion planner, where operators expressed desired robot actions in terms of affordances fit using perception and manipulated in a custom user interface. We highlight several important lessons we learned while developing our system on a highly compressed schedule.
Presence‐only species distribution models to predict suitability over a long‐term study for a species with a growing population
Authors: MCfarland Tiffany M. , Grzybowski Joseph A. , Mathewson Heather A. , Morrison Michael L.
Published: October 2014

We used a long‐term data set of black‐capped vireo (Vireo atricapilla) detection locations collected between May and June of 1990 through 2005 within the Wichita Mountains of Oklahoma, USA, to determine how presence‐only distribution models change as a population expands to help focus conservation and management activities. We used MaxEnt to model black‐capped vireo habitat suitability for each of 4 years using detection data and several remotely sensed habitat metrics, including soil type, slope, and elevation. We assessed how well each model fit the detection data, what metrics vireos were using, and how well each model predicted occupancy across time. We found that as the vireo population increased, vireos began occupying a wider range of landscape characteristics. As a result, the models predicted more area with high suitability as the population grew. Similarly, we found that a model's ability to predict vireo occupancy in future years decreased with time, with low predictability even 5 years out. The combination of a secluded study site and specific aspects of this species' behavior likely accounted for the poor performance of our models at predicting areas into which vireos would expand over time. We conclude that habitat models should consider population status and be used with caution to predict areas of future occupancy if the population is currently expanding. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
Productivity measures of white‐tailed deer in New Hampshire: Assessing reduced recruitment
Authors: Fortin Nicholas L. , Pekins Peter J. , Gustafson Kent A.
Published: October 2014

Effective management of white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) populations requires reliable estimates of demographic parameters. New Hampshire's deer population has increased substantially since the 1980s, while recruitment rates based on indices from harvested deer have steadily declined since the mid‐1990s. To better understand the reasons for such decline, we assessed the current reproductive attributes of New Hampshire's deer herd through measurement of ovulation rate, pregnancy rate, and fetal counts from winter mortalities during 2011–2013 and compared these data with similar data collected in New Hampshire, USA, during 1972–1987. Pregnancy rates were 97% and 100% in the adult and yearling age classes, respectively, but few (8%) fawns bred. All pregnant fawns carried single fetuses, while yearlings averaged 1.72 fetuses and adults 1.95. Peak breeding for adults and yearlings occurred during the third week of November; fawns bred 4 weeks later. Pregnancy rate and fecundity of older deer were unchanged since the 1980s; fawn pregnancy rate declined but was always relatively low. Productivity of the population increased due to a greater proportion of adults in 2011–2013, suggesting that declining recruitment may be due to increased summer fawn mortality. Additional research is needed to provide more accurate estimates of recruitment and to identify the specific causes of summer fawn mortality; however, in New Hampshire and other northern deer populations limited by severe winters, lower recruitment rates may render local population goals unachievable. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
Flotillin-1 facilitates toll-like receptor 3 signaling in human endothelial cells
Authors: Fork Christian , Hitzel Juliane , Nichols Benjamin J. , Tikkanen Ritva , Brandes Ralf P.
Published: October 2014

Endothelial cells are important elements in the vascular response to danger-associated molecules signaling through toll-like receptors (TLRs). Flotillin-1 and -2 are markers of membrane rafts but their true endothelial function is unknown. We hypothesized that flotillins are required for TLR signaling in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Knockdown of flotillin-1 by shRNA decreased the TLR3-mediated poly-I:C-induced but not the TLR4-mediated LPS-induced inflammatory activation of HUVEC. As TLR3 but not TLR4 signals through the endosomal compartment, flotillin-1 might be involved in the transport of poly-I:C to its receptor. Consistently, uptake of poly-I:C was attenuated by flotillin-1 knockdown and probably involved the scavenger receptor SCARA4 as revealed by knockdown of this receptor. To determine the underlying mechanism, SILAC proteomics was performed. Down-regulation of flotillin-1 led to a reduction of the structural caveolae proteins caveolin-1, cavin-1 and -2, suggesting a role of flotillin-1 in caveolae formation. Flotillin-1 and caveolin-1 colocalized within the cell, and knockdown of flotillin-1 decreased caveolin-1 expression in an endoplasmic reticulum stress-dependent manner. Importantly, downregulation of caveolin-1 also attenuated TLR3-induced signaling. To demonstrate the importance of this finding, cell adhesion was studied. Flotillin-1 shRNA attenuated the poly-I:C-mediated induction of the adhesion molecules VCAM-1 and ICAM-1. As a consequence, the poly-I:C-induced adhesion of peripheral blood mononuclear cells onto HUVECs was significantly attenuated by flotillin-1 shRNA. Collectively, these data suggest that interaction between flotillin-1 and caveolin-1 may facilitate the transport of TLR3-ligands to its intracellular receptor and enables inflammatory TLR3 signaling.
n‐3 PUFA Induce Microvascular Protective Changes During Ischemia/Reperfusion
Authors: de Souza Maria das Graças Coelho , Conde Cristiane Maria Simonato , Laflôr Camila Maurente , Sicuro Fernando Lencastre , Bouskela Eliete
Published: October 2014

Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury can occur in consequence of myocardial infarction, stroke and multiple organ failure, the most prevalent cause of death in critically ill patients. I/R injury encompass impairment of endothelial dependent relaxation, increase in macromolecular permeability and leukocyte‐endothelium interactions. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐3 PUFA), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n‐3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n‐3) found in fish oil have several anti‐inflammatory properties and their potential benefits against I/R injury were investigated using the hamster cheek pouch preparation before and after ischemia. Before the experiments, hamsters were treated orally with saline, olive oil, fish oil and triacylglycerol (TAG) and ethyl ester (EE) forms of EPA and DHA at different daily doses for 14 days. Fish oil restored the arteriolar diameter to pre ischemic values during reperfusion. At onset and during reperfusion, Fish oil and DHA TAG significantly reduced the number of rolling leukocytes compared to saline and olive oil treatments. Fish oil, EPA TAG and DHA TAG significantly prevented the rise on leukocyte adhesion compared to saline. Fish oil (44.83 ± 3.02 leaks/cm2), EPA TAG (31.67 ± 2.65 leaks/cm2), DHA TAG (41.14 ± 3.63 leaks/cm2), and EPA EE (30.63 ± 2.25 leaks/cm2), but not DHA EE (73.17 ± 2.82 leaks/cm2) prevented the increase in macromolecular permeability compared to saline and olive oil (134.80 ± 1.49 and 121.00 ± 4.93 leaks/cm2, respectively). On the basis of our findings, we may conclude that consumption of n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially in the triacylglycerol form, could be a promising therapy to prevent microvascular damage induced by ischemia/reperfusion and its consequent clinical sequelae.
Isopropyl Alcohol Extraction of De‐hulled Yellow Mustard Flour
Authors: Sinichi S. , Diosady L. L.
Published: October 2014

Vegetable oils are typically extracted with hexane; however, health and environmental concerns over its use have prompted the search for alternative solvents. Mustard oil was extracted with isopropyl alcohol (IPA) to produce an IPA‐oil miscella suitable for industrial applications. Single‐stage extraction resulted in 87.6 % oil yield at a 10:1 (v/w) IPA/flour ratio. Multiple‐stage extraction resulted in higher extraction efficiency with lower IPA use. Four‐stage cross‐current extraction at an IPA/flour ratio of 2:1 (v/w) per stage resulted in 93.7 % oil yield. At 45 °C, a 91.5 % oil yield was achieved with three‐stage extraction using a 2:1 (v/w) IPA/flour ratio. Any changes to the pH of the mixture resulted in reduced oil yield. Water also reduced the extraction efficiency. The azeotropic IPA solution containing 13 % water extracted ~40 % less oil than did dry IPA in both single and multiple‐stage extractions. Some polar compounds were also extracted, including sugars; however, protein extraction was negligible. The protein left in the extracted meal was not degraded or lost during the extraction. The results suggest that IPA is an excellent solvent for mustard oil, but water content exceeding 5 % in the solvent adversely affects the oil extraction and reuse of the IPA.
Emotion regulation styles as longitudinal predictors of compulsive exercise: A twelve month prospective study
Authors: Goodwin Huw , Haycraft Emma , Meyer Caroline
Published: October 2014

Exercise can be used as a mood regulator but, in the eating disorder literature, exercise has sometimes been found to be compulsive, detrimental to physical health, and regarded as one maladaptive strategy used to regulate emotions. This study examined longitudinal associations between emotion regulation styles and this compulsive exercise in 572 adolescents who completed measures of compulsive exercise and emotion regulation. Twelve months later they completed measures of compulsive exercise. Compulsive exercise was predicted by Internal Dysfunctional emotion regulation in girls and boys, even after controlling for initial levels of compulsive exercise. Adolescents displaying compulsivity to exercise may require intervention programmes to alter their emotion regulation strategies.
The Role of the RNFA in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Graft Preparation
Authors: Rozakis Melissa
Published: October 2014

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is one of the most commonly performed orthopedic procedures in the United States. Repair of the ACL often requires the use of autografts or allografts, and the RN first assistant (RNFA) often is the team member responsible for preparing the graft. Common grafts used in ACL repair include bone‐patellar tendon‐bone, hamstring, Achilles tendon, quadriceps tendon, and tibialis anterior tendon. The RNFA must be competent in preparing all of these grafts and in understanding the advantages and disadvantages of using each graft, such as the reasons for graft choice, and must ensure that all graft‐related supplies and equipment are available and ready for use. The ability to prepare all graft types expands treatment options, reduces surgical time, and enhances the role of the RNFA.
Implementing Hexaminolevulinate HCl Blue Light Cystoscopy: A Nursing Perspective
Authors: Calvaresi Anne E. , Trabulsi Edouard J. , Sonzogni Maryann , Gomella Leonard G. , Lallas Costas D. , Wachsmuth Kristen S.
Published: October 2014

Hexaminolevulinate HCl is a diagnostic imaging agent used with blue light during cystoscopy to help detect non–muscle‐invasive bladder cancer. Blue light cystoscopy performed using hexaminolevulinate HCl has been found to detect more papillary non–muscle‐invasive bladder tumors than cystoscopy performed using standard white light. Because bladder instillation and retention requirements of hexaminolevulinate during cystoscopy can affect patient flow in the perioperative setting, this technique necessitates changes in nursing practice and care of patients with known or suspected non–muscle‐invasive bladder cancer. Nursing personnel at one facility followed the AORN guidelines for preoperative patient care in the ambulatory setting to address staffing, preoperative nursing assessment, anesthesia evaluation, and preoperative teaching related to implementing blue light cystoscopy.
Promoting Teamwork and Surgical Optimization: Combining TeamSTEPPS With a Specialty Team Protocol
Authors: Tibbs Sheila Marie , Moss Jacqueline
Published: October 2014

This quality improvement project was a 300‐day descriptive preintervention and postintervention comparison consisting of a convenience sample of 18 gynecology surgical team members. We administered the Team Strategies & Tools to Enhance Performance and Patient Safety (TeamSTEPPS®) Teamwork Perception Questionnaire to measure the perception of teamwork. In addition, we collected data regarding rates of compliance (ie, huddle, time out) and measurable surgical procedure times. Results showed a statistically significant increase in the number of team members present for each procedure, 2.34 μ before compared with 2.61 μ after (P = .038), and in the final time‐out (FTO) compliance as a result of a clarification of the definition of FTO, 1.05 μ before compared with 1.18 μ after (P = .004). Additionally, there was improvement in staff members’ perception of teamwork. The implementation of team training, protocols, and algorithms can enhance surgical optimization, communication, and work relationships.
The Relationship Between Direct‐Care RN Specialty Certification and Surgical Patient Outcomes
Authors: Boyle Diane K. , Cramer Emily , Potter Catima , Gatua Mary W. , Stobinski James X.
Published: October 2014

Specialty certification enhances patient safety in health care by validating that practice is consistent with standards of excellence. The purpose of this research was to explore the relationship between direct‐care, specialty‐certified nurses employed in perioperative units, surgical intensive care units (SICUs), and surgical units and nursing‐sensitive patient outcomes in SICUs and surgical units. Lower rates of central‐line–associated bloodstream infections in SICUs were significantly associated with higher rates of CPAN (certified postanesthesia nurse) (β = ‐0.09, P = .05) and CNOR/CRNFA (certified nurse operating room/certified RN first assistant) (β = ‐0.17, P = .00) certifications in perioperative units. Unexpectedly, higher rates of CNOR/CRNFA certification in perioperative units were associated with higher rates of hospital‐acquired pressure ulcers (β = 0.08, P = .03) and unit‐acquired pressure ulcers (β = 0.13, P = .00), possibly because of a higher risk of pressure ulcers in the patient population. Additional research is needed to clarify this relationship. Our findings lend credence to perioperative, SICU, and surgical nurses participating in lifelong learning and continuous professional development, including achievement of specialty certification.
Back to Basics: Implementing the Surgical Checklist
Authors: Spruce Lisa
Published: October 2014

Surgery is complex and technically demanding for all team members. Surgical checklists have been implemented with different degrees of success in the perioperative setting. There is a wealth of evidence that they are effective at preventing patient safety events and helping team members master the complexities of modern health care. Implementation is key to successful use of the surgical checklist in all invasive procedural settings. Key strategies for successful checklist implementation include establishing a multidisciplinary team to implement the checklist, involving surgeon leaders, pilot testing the checklist, incorporating feedback from team members to improve the process, recognizing and addressing barriers to implementation, and offering coaching and continuous feedback to team members who use the checklist. Using these strategies will give the perioperative nurse, department leaders, and surgeons the tools to implement a successful checklist.
Clinical Issues‐November 2014
Authors: Ogg Mary J. , Wood Amber
Published: October 2014

This Month

Allowing OR doors to remain open during and between procedures

Key words: open doors, positive air flow, negative air flow, traffic, surgical site infection, SSI.

Negative pressure rooms

Key words: negative pressure, negative air flow, airborne precautions.

Definition of HEP‐LOCK and the importance of clarifying instructions

Key words: HEP‐LOCK, competency, central venous catheter.

Vaginal antisepsis for patients with povidone‐iodine allergy

Key words: vaginal antisepsis, vaginal prep, povidone‐iodine, povidone‐iodine allergy.
Hypoxia triggers endothelial endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis via induction of VLDL receptor
Authors: Yang Dan , Gao Lili , Wang Tingfeng , Qiao Zhengdong , Liang Yongjun , Zhang Peng
Published: October 2014

Endothelial cells express very low density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLr). Beyond the function as peripheral lipoprotein receptor, other roles of VLDLr in endothelial cells have not been completely unraveled. In the present study, human umbilical vein endothelial cells were subjected to hypoxia, and VLDLr expression, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and apoptosis were assessed. Hypoxia triggered endothelial ER stress and apoptosis, and induced VLDLr expression. Silencing or stabilization of HIF‐1α reduced and enhanced VLDLr expression, respectively. HIF‐1α affected vldlr promoter activity by interacting with a hypoxia‐responsive element (HRE). Knockdown or overexpression of VLDLr alleviated and exacerbated hypoxia‐induced ER stress and apoptosis, respectively. Thus, hypoxia induces VLDLr expression through the interaction of HIF‐1α with HRE at the vldlr promoter. VLDLr then mediates ER stress and apoptosis.
Membrane interactions and fibrillization of α‐synuclein play an essential role in membrane disruption
Authors: Chaudhary Himanshu , Stefanovic Anja N.D. , Subramaniam Vinod , Claessens Mireille M.A.E.
Published: October 2014

We studied α‐synuclein (αS) aggregation in giant vesicles, and observed dramatic membrane disintegration, as well as lipid incorporation into micrometer‐sized suprafibrillar aggregates. In the presence of dye‐filled vesicles, dye leakage and fibrillization happen concurrently. However, growing fibrils do not impair the integrity of phospholipid vesicles that have a low affinity for αS. Seeding αS aggregation accelerates dye leakage, indicating that oligomeric species are not required to explain the observed effect. The evolving picture suggests that fibrils that appear in solution bind membranes and recruit membrane‐bound monomers, resulting in lipid extraction, membrane destabilization and the formation of lipid‐containing suprafibrillar aggregates.
Juxtamembrane tryptophans have distinct roles in defining the OmpX barrel–micelle boundary and facilitating protein–micelle association
Authors: Chaturvedi Deepti , Mahalakshmi Radhakrishnan
Published: October 2014

Defining the span of the transmembrane region, a key requirement to ensure correct folding, stability and function of bacterial outer membrane β‐barrels, is assisted by the amphipathic property of tryptophan. We demonstrate the unique and distinctive properties of the interface Trp76 and Trp140 of outer membrane protein X, and map their positional relevance to the refolding process, barrel formation and the resulting stability in dodecylphosphocholine micelles. The solvent‐exposed Trp76 displays a rigid interfacial localization, whereas Trp140 is relatively micelle‐solvated and contributes to barrel folding and global OmpX stability. Kinetic contribution to OmpX stability is influenced by the two tryptophans. Differential associations of the indoles with the detergent milieu therefore contribute to micelle‐assisted β‐barrel folding and concomitant OmpX stability.
Subunit unbinding mechanics of dimeric wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) studied by atomic force microscopy
Authors: Afrin Rehana , Ikai Atsushi
Published: October 2014

Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) is an oligomeric lectin widely used as a model of sugar moieties in biochemistry. Subunit association is important for the crosslinking function of WGA, so we used atomic force microscopy to measure the subunit unbinding force of dimeric WGA. We found that the average unbinding force of dimeric WGA is ∼55 pN at ∼1 nN/s loading rate, whereas this unbinding force is increased at least up to 100 pN when WGA is bound to glycophorin A. Moreover, the dissociation rate constant of WGA was calculated to be 1–2 × 10−2
s−1, suggesting that dimer dissociation is relatively fast.
Intraoperative red cell salvage during obstetric surgery in 50 Japanese women
Authors: Morikawa Mamoru , Kuramoto Akitaka , Nakayama Masaki , Oguchi Hidenori , Hasegawa Masaaki , Funakoshi Toru , Furukawa Seishi , Hirayama Emi , Kanagawa Takeshi , Kaji Takashi , Kasai Mayumi , Konishi Yasuhiro , Yamamoto Shin‐ichi , Itakura Atsuo , Maeda Makoto , Kobayashi Takao , Minakami Hisanori
Published: October 2014

Objective

To determine the clinical usefulness of intraoperative cell salvage (ICS) in obstetrics.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was performed using data for 50 patients who had received ICS blood during obstetric surgery at 13 Japanese facilities between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2013. The frequencies of ICS‐associated adverse events, allogeneic blood transfusion (ABT), and preoperative autologous donation (PAD) were assessed.

Results

Placenta previa was the indication for ICS in 42 (84%) women. The ICS blood was reinfused in all women (median 366 mL; range 80 to at least 3715). No ICS‐associated adverse events occurred. The median estimated blood loss (EBL) was 2171 mL (range 574–47 000); 27 (54%) women lost at least 2000 mL. ABT was not used in 33 (66%) women. Among 26 women who lost at least 2000 mL of blood and were included in analyses, 12 (44%) did not receive ABT. EBL was linearly correlated with the total volume of transfused blood (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

ICS caused no adverse events among women at elevated risk of peripartum hemorrhage and might be safe for use in obstetrics.
Three‐dimensional ultrasonography versus two‐dimensional ultrasonography for the diagnosis of intrauterine device malposition
Authors: Chen Xiu‐ying , Guo Qing‐yun , Wang Wen , Huang Li‐li
Published: October 2014

Objective

To compare the diagnostic accuracy of two‐dimensional (2D) versus three‐dimensional (3D) ultrasonography for the diagnosis of intrauterine device (IUD) malposition.

Methods

In a prospective study, women with a history of failed IUD removal and/or ultrasonography results indicating malposition were recruited at a center in Hangzhou, China, between March 1, 2009, and September 30, 2011. All patients underwent 2D and 3D ultrasonography. Hysteroscopy, laparoscopy, or laparotomy was carried out to remove the IUDs and was considered the gold standard for diagnosing malposition.

Results

Among 130 participants, 128 (98.5%) were diagnosed with IUD malposition by hysteroscopy, laparoscopy, or laparotomy. Malposition had been correctly identified with 2D ultrasonography in 83 (64.8%) cases, and with 3D ultrasonography in 107 (83.6%) cases. The diagnostic accuracy of 3D ultrasonography was significantly better than was that of 2D ultrasonography (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

The use of 2D ultrasonography is recommended for the follow‐up of women who use IUDs as a contraceptive method. However, 3D ultrasonography should be used when malposition is suspected.
Ossified Thoracic Spinal Meningioma with Lamellar Bone Formation presented with Paraparesis
Authors: Tsang-Tung Chan , Wing-Hang Lau Vince , Kwok-Fung Chau Tony , Yuen-Lun Lee
Published: October 2014

We report a rare case of ossified spinal meningioma. A 64-year-old lady presented with spontaneous onset of myelopathic symptoms for 1 year. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) preoperatively showed a crescentic calcification, which represents an ossified/calcified component of the intradural extramedullary meningioma. We were able to resect the meningioma successfully with T8–T10-level laminectomy. Postoperatively, there was a significant improvement on the myelopathic symptoms.
Temporary Bridging of Severe Medial Column Injury of the Foot using Internal Fixation
Authors: Siu-Hei Tse Michael , Siu-Bon Woo
Published: October 2014

Inadequate treatment of midfoot crush injury often leads to permanent disability. The principle of treatment is to restore foot column length and joint congruity while it is stable enough to allow an early rehabilitation. Choices of treatment include external fixation plus pinning, circular frame fixation, and open reduction plus internal fixation. External fixation is minimally invasive but it poses the threat of inaccurate reduction, loss of reduction secondary to pin loosening, and pin tract infections. Open reduction and internal fixation per se allows good reduction of fragments and restoration of joint congruities but it lacks the protection of the whole construct. We report a case of severe midfoot crush injury that was treated with temporary bridging fixation using a low-profile locking plate. It is an evolving technique that solves the problems of external fixation, and a stable construct can be achieved for early weight bearing.
Nitric oxide levels in the aqueous humor vary in different ocular hypertension experimental models
Authors: Lu Da‐Wen , Chen Yi‐Hao , Chang Charn‐Jung , Chiang Chiao‐Hsi , Yao Hsin‐Yu
Published: October 2014

This study investigated the relationships among intraocular pressure (IOP), nitric oxide (NO) levels, and aqueous flow rates in experimental ocular hypertension models. A total of 75 rabbits were used. One of four different materials [i.e., α‐chymotrypsin, latex microspheres (Polybead), red blood cell ghosts, or sodium hyaluronate (Healon GV)] was injected into the eyes of the 15 animals in each experimental group; the remaining 15 rabbits were reserved for a control group. The IOP changes in the five groups were recorded on postinduction Days 1–3, Day 7, Day 14, Day 30, Day 60, Day 90, and Day 120. On postinduction Day 7, the dynamics and NO levels in the aqueous humor were recorded. Significant IOP elevations were induced by α‐chymotrypsin (p < 0.01) and Polybead (p < 0.01) on each postinduction day. In the red blood cell ghosts model, significant elevations (p < 0.01) were found on postinduction Days 1–3; Healon GV significantly elevated IOP (p < 0.01) on postinduction Day 1 and Day 2. On postinduction Day 7, the aqueous humor NO levels increased significantly in the models of α‐chymotrypsin, Polybead, and red blood cell ghosts (all p < 0.01), while the aqueous flow rates were significantly reduced in the models of α‐chymotrypsin and Polybead (p < 0.005). Persistent ocular hypertension models were induced with α‐chymotrypsin and Polybead in the rabbits. The Polybead model exhibited the characteristic of an increased aqueous humor NO level, similar to human eyes with acute angle‐closure glaucoma and neovascular glaucoma.
Comparison of complications associated with standard and totally tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy according to modified Clavien grading: A multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Karakoyunlu Nihat , Ekici Musa , Yesil Suleyman , Zengin Kursad , Goktug Goksel , Ozok Ugur
Published: October 2014

The aim of this study was to compare the complications of standard and totally tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) based on the modified Clavien complication grading system. We retrospectively evaluated the complications of 290 consecutive patients who had undergone standard or totally tubeless PCNL at four institutes between January 2010 and August 2012 based on the modified Clavien scale. The totally tubeless cases were classified as Group 1 and the cases to which a Malecot re‐entry catheter was applied were classified as Group 2. The postoperative complications were recorded according to the modified Clavien complication grading system. Statistically significant differences were observed only in the first‐degree injury class between the two groups based on the modified Clavien classification. The requirement for blood transfusion and prolonged percutaneous access site leakage were more frequent in Group 2, but these differences were not statistically significant. We also performed a pain evaluation by monitoring postoperative analgesia demands. In Group 1, the analgesic demand rates in the 1st and 6th postoperative hours were 64.6% and 31.5%, respectively. In Group 2, the analgesic demand rates were 87.5% and 58.75% in the 1st and 6th postoperative hours, respectively. The mean ± standard deviation of analgesic doses in the first 6 hours was 0.96 ± 0.7 and 1.46 ± 0.6 in Groups 1 and 2, respectively. These differences were statistically significant. Based on our results, we can conclude that the tubeless technique has fewer complications, improved postoperative patient comfort, shorter hospitalization times, and a reduced need for analgesics, suggesting that tubeless PCNL should be the standard approach. For suitable cases, this technique may be used safely as the standard PCNL approach.
‘Greatpowerness’ as the key element of Russian self-consciousness under erosion
Authors: Urnov Mark
Published: October 2014

The article analyzes changes in attitudes to and interpretations of Russian ‘greatpowerness’ (velikoderzhavnost’) between the years of 2000 and 2014, that is to say during President Putin’s period of rule. The concept of Russia as the great power was changing during this time in two respects: first, there was an increasing reticence of self-assessments; second, we observe prioritization of protecting the country’s own, mostly regional, interests as opposed to expansion which would be characteristic of a great power. Moreover, this period clearly demonstrates contradictions and dangers, engendered in the process of losing self-perception as that of the great power. The readiness of Russian political elite to part bit by bit with the status of the great power and to go to the status of a regional power is combined (as the events around Ukraine have shown) with unwillingness to sustain the new status of the country with the help of the capabilities of a soft power. Lack of these, as well as of the skills in their use, and finally, a desire to raise the rating of trust in the government with the help of “a small victorious war” have formed the basis for the aggressive upsurge towards Ukraine. In the absence of serious hard and soft capabilities, the splashes of aggressiveness in Russian foreign policy and of anti-Western sentiments in domestic political life are unlikely to have any lasting effect. They are able, however, to generate extremely negative long-term consequences for the country.
Post-communist transformation in progress: Poles’ attitudes toward democracy
Authors: Jakubowska Urszula , Kaniasty Krzysztof
Published: October 2014

The present study investigates how Poles perceive the post-communist political system of contemporary Poland. A nationwide random sample of 400 adults was selected, using a probability quota sampling strategy, and interviewed face-to-face in respondents’ homes. The chief outcome variables were: full acceptance, conditional acceptance, and rejection of the Polish version of democracy. The majority of respondents generally approved, fully or at least conditionally, the new democratic system in Poland. Multiple regression analyses showed that differential attitudes toward Polish democracy depend on respondents’ age, their understanding of the concept of democracy, evaluations of democracy in general, and levels of political anomie.
Russia’s perceptions and misperceptions of the EU Eastern Partnership
Authors: Gretskiy Igor , Treshchenkov Evgeny , Golubev Konstantin
Published: October 2014

This article is devoted to the problem of the reaction to the Eastern Partnership by Russia’s both the political establishment and the expert community. The question of reactions to the Eastern Partnership in the target countries has been extensively posed in academic literature. However, the question of Russia’s reaction to the Eastern Partnership, one of the most important actors of the region, has been rarely raised by the academic community. A wide array of factors impacted Russian elites’ perception of the Eastern Partnership — from problematic issues in the EU-Russia relations to the post-Soviet states’ political and economic transformation. Studying the dynamics and peculiarities of Russia’s perspective on the Eastern Partnership makes it possible to draw meaningful conclusions on the nature of Russia's phobias that fuel its domestic and foreign policy.
Resolving the polyphyletic nature ofPyricularia(Pyriculariaceae)
Authors: Klaubauf S. , Tharreau D. , Fournier E. , Groenewald J.Z. , Crous P.W. , de Vries R.P. , Lebrun M.-H.
Published: October 2014

Species ofPyricularia(magnaporthe-like sexual morphs) are responsible for major diseases on grasses.Pyricularia oryzae(sexual morphMagnaporthe oryzae) is responsible for the major disease of rice called rice blast disease, and foliar diseases of wheat and millet, whilePyricularia grisea(sexual morphMagnaporthe grisea) is responsible for foliar diseases ofDigitaria.Magnaporthe salvinii, M. poaeandM. rhizophilaproduce asexual spores that differ from those ofPyricularia sensu strictothat has pyriform, 2-septate conidia produced on conidiophores with sympodial proliferation.Magnaporthe salviniiwas recently allocated toNakataea, whileM. poaeandM. rhizophilawere placed inMagnaporthiopsis. To clarify the taxonomic relationships among species that are magnaporthe- or pyricularia-like in morphology, we analysed phylogenetic relationships among isolates representing a wide range of host plants by using partial DNA sequences of multiple genes such as LSU, ITS, RPB1, actin and calmodulin. Species ofPyricularia s. str.belong to a monophyletic clade that includes allP. oryzae/P. griseaisolates tested, defining thePyriculariaceae,which is sister to theOphioceraceae, representing two novel families. These clades are clearly distinct from species belonging to theGaeumannomyces pro parte/Magnaporthiopsis/Nakataeageneric complex that are monophyletic and define theMagnaporthaceae. A few magnaporthe- and pyricularia-like species are unrelated toMagnaporthaceaeandPyriculariaceae. Pyricularia oryzae/P. griseaisolates cluster into two related clades. Host plants such asEleusine, Oryza,SetariaorTriticumwere exclusively infected by isolates fromP. oryzae, while some host plant such asCenchrus, Echinochloa, Lolium, PennisetumorZingiberwere infected by differentPyriculariaspecies. This demonstrates that host range cannot be used as taxonomic criterion without extensive pathotyping. Our results also show that the typical pyriform, 2-septate conidium morphology ofP. grisea/P. oryzaeis restricted toPyriculariaandNeopyricularia, while most other genera have obclavate to more ellipsoid 2-septate conidia. Some related genera (Deightoniella, Macgarvieomyces) have evolved 1-septate conidia. Therefore, conidium morphology cannot be used as taxonomic criterion at generic level without phylogenetic data. We also identified 10 novel genera, and seven novel species. A re-evaluation of generic and species concepts withinPyriculariaceaeis presented, and novelties are proposed based on morphological and phylogenetic data.
Summary of the Snowmastodon Project Special VolumeA high-elevation, multi-proxy biotic and environmental record of MIS 6–4 from the Ziegler Reservoir fossil site, Snowmass Village, Colorado, USA
Authors: Miller Ian M. , Pigati Jeffrey S. , Scott Anderson R. , Johnson Kirk R. , Mahan Shannon A. , Ager Thomas A. , Baker Richard G. , Blaauw Maarten , Bright Jordon , Brown Peter M. , Bryant Bruce , Calamari Zachary T. , Carrara Paul E. , Cherney Michael D. , Demboski John R. , Elias Scott A. , Fisher Daniel C. , Gray Harrison J. , Haskett Danielle R. , Honke Jeffrey S. , Jackson Stephen T. , Jiménez-Moreno Gonzalo , Kline Douglas , Leonard Eric M. , Lifton Nathaniel A. , Lucking Carol , McDonald H. Gregory , Miller Dane M. , Muhs Daniel R. , Nash Stephen E. , Newton Cody , Paces James B. , Petrie Lesley , Plummer Mitchell A. , Porinchu David F. , Rountrey Adam N. , Scott Eric , Sertich Joseph J.W. , Sharpe Saxon E. , Skipp Gary L. , Strickland Laura E. , Stucky Richard K. , Thompson Robert S. , Wilson Jim
Published: October 2014

In North America, terrestrial records of biodiversity and climate change that span Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (MIS) 5 are rare. Where found, they provide insight into how the coupling of the ocean–atmosphere system is manifested in biotic and environmental records and how the biosphere responds to climate change. In 2010–2011, construction at Ziegler Reservoir near Snowmass Village, Colorado (USA) revealed a nearly continuous, lacustrine/wetland sedimentary sequence that preserved evidence of past plant communities between ~140 and 55 ka, including all of MIS 5. At an elevation of 2705 m, the Ziegler Reservoir fossil site also contained thousands of well-preserved bones of late Pleistocene megafauna, including mastodons, mammoths, ground sloths, horses, camels, deer, bison, black bear, coyotes, and bighorn sheep. In addition, the site contained more than 26,000 bones from at least 30 species of small animals including salamanders, otters, muskrats, minks, rabbits, beavers, frogs, lizards, snakes, fish, and birds. The combination of macro- and micro-vertebrates, invertebrates, terrestrial and aquatic plant macrofossils, a detailed pollen record, and a robust, directly dated stratigraphic framework shows that high-elevation ecosystems in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado are climatically sensitive and varied dramatically throughout MIS 5.
Geht doch! – Training mit Demenz
Authors: Heinrich Steffen
Published: October 2014

Auch Menschen mit fortgeschrittener Demenz sind sowohl in der Lage Therapieanleitungen zu verstehen, als auch Therapien erfolgreich umzusetzen und für sich weiter zu entwickeln. Dabei sollten einige Besonderheiten beachtet werden. Der folgende Artikel berichtet über Therapieerfahrungen bei Menschen mit Demenz im Rahmen eines Projektes zur Förderung der Mobilität und Verringerung des Sturzrisikos (InterBalance).
Patienten mit Demenz im Krankenhaus
Authors: Pinkert Christiane
Published: October 2014

Sind Pflegende in Akutkrankenhäusern auf die Herausforderungen vorbereitet, die mit der Pflege von alten und kognitiv eingeschränkten Patienten verbunden sind? Bisher reicht die vorhandene demenzspezifische Expertise in den Kliniken sowohl in der ärztlichen als auch der pflegerischen Berufsgruppe nicht aus, um die Versorgung auf die Bedürfnisse der Betroffenen auszurichten.
Assessment in der Geriatrie und Notaufnahme
Authors: Hilmer Thomas , Grossmann Florian
Published: October 2014

In diesem Beitrag werden zum einen etablierte geriatrische Assessmentinstrumente vorgestellt und zum anderen Assessmentinstrumente für die Notaufnahmen vorgeschlagen. Insbesondere wird dabei auf Patienten mit kognitiven Störungen eingegangen, die ein erhöhtes Risiko für Komplikationen während des stationären Aufenthaltes haben und deshalb rechtzeitig identifiziert werden müssen.
Lebensqualitätsinstrumente
Authors: Dichter Martin N. , Halek Margareta , Bartholomeyczik Sabine
Published: October 2014

Die Förderung und Aufrechterhaltung der Lebensqualität von Menschen mit Demenz wird zunehmend als entscheidendes Ergebniskriterium sowohl wissenschaftlicher Studien als auch in der praktischen Versorgung angesehen. Aber wie zuverlässig sind Ergebnisse der Lebensqualität, die auf einer Fremdeinschätzung basieren. Dazu eine detaillierte Beschreibung dreier Instrumente und deren Zuverlässigkeit (Reliabilität).
Mein Name ist Lee, …
Authors: Dinand Claudia
Published: October 2014

Die Frontotemporale Demenz ist eine seltene, aber schnell fortschreitende Form der Demenz, die vor allem junge Menschen mitten im Leben trifft. Sie verändert das bestehende Leben radikal. Dennoch ist über die tatsächlichen alltäglichen Herausforderungen wenig bekannt. Für die Entwicklung individueller und gesellschaftlicher Lösungen ist es unerlässlich, die Perspektive der betroffenen Menschen und ihrer Familien in Forschung und Praxis zu integrieren.
Praxisanleiter(innen) zwischen Anspruch und Wirklichkeit
Authors: Zimmermann Veronika , Lehmann Yvonne
Published: October 2014

Praxisanleiter(innen) sehen sich mit vielfältigen Aufgaben und Erwartungen an ihre Rollenerfüllung als Anleiter(in) und Pflegefachperson konfrontiert. Nicht selten kommt es dabei zum Aufeinanderprallen gegensätzlicher Anforderungen und in der Folge möglicherweise zu Konflikten, Unzufriedenheit und Motivationseinbuße.
Anforderungen an Beurteilungsbögen
Authors: Rebmann Marius
Published: October 2014

Lehrende an Pflegeschulen sehen sich seit der Novellierung des Gesetzes über die Berufe in der Krankenpflege von 2004 mit einer Vielzahl an Anforderungen konfrontiert. Der Erwerb beruflicher Handlungskompetenz ist als gesetzliche Ausbildungsgrundlage verankert und geht über die bloße Aneignung fachlicher Kenntnisse und Fertigkeiten weit hinaus. Die Frage die auch zehn Jahre später weiterhin offen bleibt, ist, wie die erworbenen Kompetenzen erfasst und beurteilt werden können.
Anrechnung von Kompetenzen stärkt Studierende
Authors: Shamsul Bettina , Schürmann Mirko , Weyland Ulrike , Schlindwein Daniela
Published: October 2014

In Folge bildungspolitischer Reformen des Bologna-Prozesses und der Entwicklung einer akademischen Lehrerbildung für die Pflege rücken beruflich Qualifizierte als Studierendengruppe in den Fokus der Hochschulen. Anrechnung beruflich erworbener Kompetenzen auf das Studium verringert die Studienbelastung und vermeidet Wiederholungen beim Lernen.
„Was alles nebenbei läuft“
Authors: Falkson Sandra
Published: October 2014

Die Arbeit eines familiären Case-Managements durch die häusliche Pflege eines schwerkranken Kindes geht weit über bekannte Maßnahmen der Edukation, Informieren, Schulen und Beraten hinaus – sie bedeutet eine Begleitung in psycho-pädagogischer und sozialer Hinsicht. Die öffentliche und politische Wahrnehmung reduziert Pflege auf die Ausübung einiger Handgriffe und von Seiten der Kostenträger werden nur wenige technische Aspekte refinanziert. Wir brauchen mehr dieser Schilderungen, um die Komplexität von Pflegearbeit deutlich zu machen.