bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sociology between Western Theory and Korean Reality
Authors: Myoung-Kyu Park , Kyung-Sup Chang
Published: March 2007

This article shows the historical phases of development of Korean sociology with a focus on its exposure to and interaction with western sociological thought. Towards explaining a disciplinary history of constant exposure, accommodation and criticism in regard to western social thought, the issues of universalism/particularism and theory/practice serve as focal points of discussion. While western sociology has provided an influential and persuasive perspective on what Koreans have experienced socially, politically and economically in this turbulent century, its incorporation into Koreans' intellectual life itself is quite a complex and perhaps interesting sociological phenomenon. The article ends with a discussion of Korea's unique experience of social, political and economic modernization in the 20th century as a fertile ground for new lines of sociological theorizing.
Remarks on the Description and Interpretation of Dialogue
Authors: Luckmann Thomas
Published: March 2007

An elementary difficulty with the analysis of ephemeral communicative processes - as of all social interaction - is their transformation into data (into `texts'). Audio- and video-recording technologies are a presupposition - and no more - for the solution of this difficulty. Contextual problems of interpretation encountered in the analysis of the products of certain kinds of communicative interaction, texts, are compounded when dealing with the interactive, situational and social contexts of dialogical `texts'. The ontological assumptions underlying the analysis of texts and `texts' (the realism of common sense and the realism of science) have methodological implications among which one in particular, pertaining especially to `texts', will be discussed, the need for the reconstruction of the intersubjective step-by-step nature of dialogue in the form of sequential analysis. The reconstruction of dialogue must be able to account for the reciprocally oriented perspectives guiding the communicative actions of the participants in dialogical time. In addition to meeting the requirements of such analysis, the main issues arising from that are analogous to those which beset the interpretation of texts: how can one identify the `units' of meaning and how can one locate their embeddedness in multiple (biographical and institutional) lines of significance. The possibilities of a sequential reconstruction of `texts' in contexts will be discussed.
Chapter 10 the Socioeconomic Iceberg and the Design of Policies for Scientific and Technological Development
Authors: Kamenetzky Mario
Published: March 2007

Science and technology have been neglected factors in the struggle for equity. They have been considered as fixed instruments to be used in performing socioeconomic activities rather than as unfinished, ver satile tools that can be made to accom modate specific objectives and that have the potential to transform the original conditions of the problem being addressed.
Mothers’ Expectancies and Young Adolescents’ Perceived Physical Competence:
Authors: Bois Julien E. , Sarrazin Philippe G. , Brustad Robert J. , Trouilloud David O. , Cury François
Published: March 2007

Perceived physical competence can be an important predictor of the physical activity behavior of children and adolescents. Parental socialization practices can be instrumental in shaping children’s perceptions of competence in various domains and this socialization effect might occur in relation to parental expectancies. Investigated in this study was the role of mothers’expectancies in shaping their child’s perceived physical competence. Data were obtained from 156 French children and young adolescents and their mothers. Structural equation modeling revealed that mothers’ perceptions of their child’s physical competence predicted their child’s own perceived physical competence 1 year later, independent of the child’s previously demonstrated physical ability and the child’s initial level of perceived competence. Child’s gender moderated the relation as mothers’perceptions of their daughters’competence were related significantly to their child’s perceived competence, but that relation was not present between mothers and sons.
Education and Advertising:
Authors: Erchull Mindy J. , Chrisler Joan C. , Gorman Jennifer A. , Johnston-Robledo Ingrid
Published: March 2007

Educational booklets published by manufacturers of menstrual hygiene products have been used to teach several generations of girls about menstruation. The ubiquity and importance of the booklets make them potentially important contributors to attitudes toward menstruation. The content of 28 booklets that were produced commercially between 1932 and 1997 was analyzed for this study. The quality of the information presented in the booklets was examined to determine whether the later booklets contained more information that was both accurate and positive than did the earlier booklets. The later booklets were less likely than the earlier booklets to portray menstruation as a hygiene crisis but equally likely to promote secrecy. They also were more likely to depict ethnic diversity in their illustrations and less likely to make assumptions about the composition of girls’families. Adolescents’knowledge could be increased through the presentation of educational materials that are accurate, balanced, and developmentally appropriate.
Self-Esteem in Early Adolescence Revisited:
Authors: Hirsch Barton J. , DuBois David L.
Published: March 2007

In Part 1 of this two-part special issue, a general conceptual model of early adolescent self-esteem was presented. Findings from several empirical studies illustrated differing aspects of the model. The articles included in Part II of the special issue address further significant concerns, including the need to examine self-esteem in the context of other relevant aspects of early adolescent development (e.g., pubertal status) and its reciprocal relation over time to indicators of adjustment (e.g., problem behavior). Implications of theory and research for esteem enhancement in social-community interventions with young adolescents also are considered. It is noteworthy, however, that certain types of research were underrepresented in submissions to the special issue. These include investigations using qualitative sources of data and cross-cultural studies. Both types of research present many possibilities for enhancing understanding of early adolescent self-esteem. The special issue concludes with a commentary that critically evaluates future directions for the field.
Praise, Reproof and Persistence in Preadolescent Girls
Authors: Draper Thomas W.
Published: March 2007

Sixty ten and eleven year-old girls worked on a two-choice discrimination task under one of five conditions: no feedback; positive feedback following successes; positive feedback following failures; negative feedback following successes; and negative feedback following failures. The girls persisted longest on the task when they received positive feedback following failures. The argument is made that preadolescent girls attend most readily to the affective dimension of verbal feedback and that they are most motivated by positive statements that are not contingent on achievement or merit.
Pubertal Timing and Identity Crisis: A Preliminary Investigation
Authors: Berzonsky Michael D. , Lombardo John P.
Published: March 2007

Retrospective self-report data were utilized in an attempt to investigate the relationship between pubertal timing and identity-crisis status. Identity status interviews were administered to 105 late adolescents: 46 males and 59 females. Retrospective reports about pubertal onset were obtained. The results indicated that crisis males reportedly matured significantly later than their non-crisis counterparts whereas the opposite pattern was found with female subjects: crisis females reportedly matured earlier than their noncrisis counterparts. A social-learning interpretation is considered: adolescents who tend (or appear) to fit prevailing social expectation (viz., early-maturing males and late-maturing females) are less apt to deal with personal identity issues. Alternative interpretations and future research concerns are discussed.
Self-Concepts of Rural Early Adolescent Juvenile Delinquents
Authors: Jurich Anthony P. , Andrews Dana
Published: March 2007

Using a sample of rural early adolescents the present study found delinquent adolescents to have a lower self-concept than their nondelinquent counterparts, especially in the areas of body image, moral and ethical self, and family self-concept. These delinquents showed significant signs of maladjustment on the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale but accepted their negative self-image. Supplementary questions indicated that the delinquent group felt emotionally distant from their families, over reliant on their peers, and saw little hope for their future.
Parent-Adolescent Relations in Adolescents Whose Parents are Divorced
Authors: Smollar Jacqueline , Youniss James
Published: March 2007

Three groups of adolescents, each living with their mothers but not their fathers, were empirically defined through assignment of positive and negative adjectives for parent-self relationships. The same subjects also chose mothers or fathers as the persons with whom they were most likely to discuss six kinds of topics and with whom they were most likely to communicate five qualitative ways. The group that defined itself as positive with mothers and negative with fathers differed from the group that had defined itself as negative to mothers and neutral to fathers on most of the 11 other measures. A third group that was neutral to mothers typically scored intermediately on the 11 other measures. The results potentially represent three types of parent-adolescent relations in adolescents from families of divorce. Results are discussed in terms of the rearing on the development process of individuation.
Perceptions of Child Rearing and Adolescent Sex Role Development
Authors: Ziegler Christine , Dusek Jerome B.
Published: March 2007

A total of 185 adolescent males and females from grades 6, 8, 10 and 12 completed the Bem Sex Role Inventory and the Children's Report of Parental Behavior Inventory in a study aimed at relating perceptions of child rearing to sex role development. As expected, perceiving the parents as warm and accepting was associated with androgynous and feminine sex roles. Perceiving the parents as more rigidly controlling was associated with a feminine sex role. It was speculated that perceiving the parents as accepting allows the adolescent to explore a variety of aspects of self-development, including cross sex-typed behavior, and that perceiving the parents as controlling is related to a dependency oriented sex role. Grade level and gender differences in perceptions of mother's and father's child rearing generally supported predictions that parents would be seen as more accepting by younger than older adolescents and that females would view their parents as more accepting but also as more controlling than would males. The results illustrate the utility of relating perceptions of child rearing to aspects of adolescent development and provide validity data for the CRPBI.
Prosocial Behavior between Friends in Middle Childhood and Early Adolescence
Authors: Berndt Thomas J.
Published: March 2007

Fourth, sixth, and eighth graders were paired either with a close friend or with a classmate whom they neither strongly liked nor strongly disliked. The pairs of children were observed as they did two tasks that provided them with opportunities for generous or helpful behavior toward each other. On one task, children distributed rewards to themselves and to their partner. On the second task, children were allowed to help their partner get rewards when the partner had been placed at a disadvantage. The results showed an increase with age in the differences between friends' and classmates' behavior. Eighth graders were more generous and more helpful toward friends than toward other classmates, but sixth and fourth graders treated friends and classmates similarly. After doing the tasks, eighth graders also reported that they thought their friends less often competed with them and more often tried for equality in rewards than other classmates. Attributions about the partner's motives were similar for friends and classmates at sixth and fourth grade. The age differences in behavior and motives are compared with current theories of the development of friendship.
Friendship in Normal and Socially Deviant Children
Authors: Feltham R. F. , Doyle A. B. , Schwartzman A. E. , Serbin L. A. , Ledingham J. E.
Published: March 2007

The present study assessed whether groups of normal and socially deviant children differed in numbers of friends and popularity. Subjects were 844 children in grades 4 through 7. They were classified as aggressive, withdrawn, aggressive-withdrawn or nondeviant on the basis of a peer nomination sociometric, the Pupil Evaluation Inventory (PEI). Friendship was defined as a reciprocated friendship nomination between two children. Popularity was measured by the likeability factor of the PEI. Correlations between numbers of friends and likeability scores were low, in particular in the older grades. With respect to PEI classification, aggressive-withdrawn children had fewer friends than aggresive and nondeviant children. Aggressive-withdrawn children also received lower likeability scores than children in other deviant and nondeviant groups. Subjects in grade 6-7 had more friends than subjects in grade 4-5, although the two age-groups did not differ on likeability. There were no sex differences in numbers of friends or likeability, although all children had more same-sex than opposite-sex friends. The distinction between friendship and popularity, and the classification and age differences in numbers of friends are discussed.
Identity Formation, Metaphors, and Values
Authors: Berzonsky Michael D.
Published: March 2007

Waterman's (1986) contention that his views on identity, self discovery, and personal responsibility are not accurately represented by Berzonsky (1986) is examined. Two types of responsibility are distinguished: (1) being responsible for the underlying identity that is assumed to emerge (constructivist) or preexist (discovery), and (2) acting responsibly in attempting to construct or discover that identity. I show that an individual cannot be held responsible in the first sense if a true self is assumed to preexist. Second, I show that there is no objective scientific basis for confirming or invalidating claims about self discovery. Therefore, the need to rely solely on an individual's self reports allows for the possibility that irrefutable claims about self discovery can be made without responsible personal involvement, effort, and dedication.
An Analysis of the Imaginary Audience Scale
Authors: Mullis Ronald L. , Markstrom Carol A.
Published: March 2007

Tests of reliability and construct validity of the Imaginary Audience Scale (IAS) and its two sub-scales, the Abiding Self (AS) and the Transient Self (TS), were carried out with a sample of 185 adolescents. Results were compared with those of Elkind and Bowen who developed the IAS, TS and AS Scales. Alpha coefficients and item-total correlations were similar to those reported by Elkind and Bowen. In addition, two factors were found for the AS corresponding to the AS and TS sub-scales identified by Elkind and Bowen.
Achievement Test Scores in the Middle Grades: The Influence of Cognitive Reasoning
Authors: Strahan David B. , O'Sullivan Rita G.
Published: March 2007

The purpose of this study was to examine how middle school students' cognitive reasoning level (e.g. concrete versus formal reasoning ability) contributes to the variability of their achievement test performance. While previous investigations have indicated that measures of reasoning development are associated with measures of achievement, few such studies have attempted to control for differences in scholastic aptitude. In this particular investigation, the performance of 213 middle grades students on a test of formal reasoning was analyzed in comparison with scores on tests of achievement and scholastic aptitude. Results support cognitive reasoning as a significant correlate of achievement test performance when considered alone and when controlling for scholastic aptitude. Results suggest that performance on reasoning tests is related to performance on achievement tests in a fashion different from performance on scholastic aptitude tests. Results further encourage middle grades educators to consider students' levels of reasoning when planning instruction.
Maternal Education and Employment
Authors: Joebgen Alicia M. , Richards Maryse H.
Published: March 2007

This research investigated maternal employment and education in relation to mothers' emotional well-being and the emotional well-being of their adolescents. In the study, 52 adolescents and their parents carried electronic pagers and responded to signals via self-report forms for I week At the end of the week the Beck Depression Inventory and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale were administered along with other self-report measures. The results showed that mothers' global well-being was influenced by an interaction between education and employment. Additionally, mothers' education/employment match interacted with their affect to influence adolescents's global well-being (depression and self-esteem) as well as adolescents' day-to-day experiences (affect). These interactions were investigated further and the findings are discussed in relation to the emotional development of adolescents.
The Many Faces of Correlates of Depressive Symptoms in Adolescents
Authors: Reinherz Helen Z. , Frost Abbie K. , Stewart-Berghauer Geraldine , Pakiz Bilge , Kennedy Kevin , Schille Charles
Published: March 2007

In a sample of White working-class adolescents, 21% scored above 12 on the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), with almost twice as many girls as boys in the high-CDI group. Maternal and adolescent reports indicated deficits in most areas of adolescent functioning in the high-CDI group. Within the high-CDI group, no differences in social class and family structure were found. No gender differences emerged for most correlates of depressive symptoms; both high-CDI boys and girls displayed coexisting internalizing and externalizing behaviors, including sad affect, withdrawal, antisocial behaviors, and substance abuse. Three differences appeared between high-CDI boys and girls. High-CDI boys considered themselves more unpopular, whereas high-CD! girls were seen as more externalizing by their mothers and more smoked than did high-CDI boys. Implications for interventions and research are discussed.
The Effect of Social Skills, Values, Peers, and Depression on Adolescent Substance Use
Authors: Simons Ronald L. , Whitbeck Les B. , Conger Rand D. , Melby Janet N.
Published: March 2007

The present study tested a social learning model designed to specify the nature of the associations between various constructs shown in previous research to be related to adolescent substance use. The model was tested using a sample of 61 families, each of which included a seventh grader. The results largely supported the hypothesized model. Aggressiveness, low commitment to prosocial values, and problems at school were associated with involvement in a deviant peer group. Low commitment to prosocial values and involvement with deviant peers were related to feelings of depression. Finally, involvement with deviant peers and feelings of depression interacted to increase the probability of substance use, suggesting that depressed adolescents may use substances as a form of self-medication when such behavior is supported by their peer group.
The Unique Contribution of Four Maternal Stressors to Adolescent Functioning
Authors: Tannenbaum Lynne , Neighbors Bryan , Forehand Rex
Published: March 2007

The relation of personal (depressed mood and physical problems) and interpersonal (marital status and interparental conflict) maternal stressors to young adolescent functioning was examined. The subjects were 270 young adolescents (135 females and 135 males). Mothers completed measures concerning the four stressors, and a teacher completed measures about three areas of adolescent functioning: internalizing problems, externalizing problems, and grades. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were used to investigate the independent contribution of each of the stressors as predictors of functioning in the young adolescents. Either interparental conflict or marital status was related to each area of functioning for boys and to internalizing problems and grades for girls. Maternal depression was a significant predictor only for internalizing problems of girls. Interpersonal variables appear to be more important for the functioning of young adolescents than do personal variables. Implications of the findings, as well as important areas for future research, are discussed.
Perceptions of Sexual Behavior among Urban Early Adolescents
Authors: Stanton Bonita F. , Black Maureen , Kaljee Linda , Ricardo Izabel
Published: March 2007

Risk activities for acquisition of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remain prevalent among urban adolescents. Early adolescents represent a particularly vulnerable group, exhibiting high rates of unprotected sexual activity. In spite of a growing recognition of the need to examine cultural, environmental, and developmental variables contributing to both risk and protective behaviors, little such research has been described to date. Guided by the constructs of a model of risk-protective behavior (Protection Motivation Theory) and employing ethnographic techniques, an exploration of the developmental, sociohistorical, and cultural constructs that might influence adolescent sexual behavior was conducted. Focus group and individual interviews were conducted among 64 inner-city youths, 10 to 14 years of age, and their parents. Findings relevant to perceptions of sexual behavior among young adolescents are presented. The methodology employed in this exploratory phase and the strengths and limitations of focus group discussions are discussed
Children's Competence Beliefs, Achievement Values, and General Self-Esteem
Authors: Wigfield Allan , Eccles Jacquelynne S.
Published: March 2007

Two studies of how elementary school and middle school-aged children's general self-esteem, competence beliefs, and subjective taskvaluesfordifferent activities change overtime are presented. In Study 1, elementaryschool children completed questionnaires once a year for 3 years. Study 2 assessed how the transition to junior high school influenced children's self-beliefs. Children completed questionnaires in the fall and spring of their sixth-grade year in elementary school and the fall and spring of their seventh-grade year in junior high school. Results showed that children's self-esteem did not change during elementary school but decreasedfollowing the junior high transition. Children's competence beliefs and beliefs about the usefulness and importance of different activities generally decreased. Children 's interest in the activities showed a more mixed pattern of change. Boys' and girls' beliefs and values differed in fairly genderstereotypic ways.
Surviving the Junior High School Transition Family Processes and Self-Perceptions as Protective and Risk Factors
Authors: Lord Sarah E. , Eccles Jacquelynne S. , McCarthy Karen A.
Published: March 2007

This study used a longitudinal design to investigate the association offamily processes and self-perceptions with adjustment and self-esteem following the transition to junior high school. Students'positive self-concepts in academic and social domains emerged as facilitative of positive adjustment across the transition, while self-consciousness in these domains proved detrimental to adjustment. In addition, adolescents'perceptions of their parents as being developmentally attuned to them and supportive of autonomy in decision-making situations were positively associated with adjustment and gains in self-esteem across the transition. The results are discussed in light of the salient developmental tasks confronting the early adolescent and the role offamily and school contexts in facilitating the successful negotiation of these tasks.
Discrepancies in Adolescents' and Parents' Perceptions of Family Functioning and Adolescent Emotional Adjustment
Authors: Ohannessian Christine McCauley , Lerner Richard M. , Lerner Jacqueline V. , von Eye Alexander
Published: March 2007

Discrepancies between adolescents' and their parents' perceptions of family functioning were examined in a sample of 74 sixth-and seventh-grade students and their parents during the fall and the spring of the school year The effect of both the adolescent's gender and the gender of the parent on differences in perceptions was explored. In addition, the relation between discrepancies in perceptions of family functioning and adolescent emotional adjustment was examined. Results indicated that girls and boys perceived lower levels of family cohesion than did their parents. Girls also perceived lower levels of family adjustment than did both parents. Not surprisingly, mothers' and fathers' perceptions of family functioning were more similar to one another than the adolescents' perceptions (especially boys') were to either parent. Discrepancies in perceptions of family functioning also were related to the adolescents' reported levels of depressive symptomatology and anxiety, particularly for girls.
Across the Transition to Adolescence
Authors: Delaney Mary E.
Published: March 2007

Numerous researchers have identified qualitatively different types of parent/adolescent relationships, with most relying on theoretical conceptions to derive their typologies. This study employed an inductive, statistical analytic technique (i.e., confirmatory cluster analysis) to identify qualitative differences in parent/adolescent relationships based on short-term, longitudinal data. To validate the various relationship profiles, links were examined between relationship types and adolescents' adjustment. Participants included 133 early adolescents (X = 12.5 years of age at Time 1) who were interviewed in their homes on two occasions one year apart. Although most adolescents reported having "individuated" relationships with parents, "connected" and "detached" relationships also were evident. Relationship types, which were stable over a one-year period, were associated with significant differences in adolescents `well-being. Specifically, adolescents in detached relationships reported greater anxiety, more depressive symptomatology, and lower self-worth than those in either individuated or more especially, those in connected relationships with parents.
Victimization and Safety in Schools Serving Early Adolescents
Authors: Anderman Eric M. , Kimweli David M. S.
Published: March 2007

Hierarchical linear modeling techniques were used to examine the relations between school-level variables and victimization, behavior, and perceptions of school safety using a nationally representative sample of 8th-graders from the National Education Longitudinal Study. The results indicated that victimization, getting into trouble for bad behavior, and perceptions of school as unsafe were more characteristic of schools with 6th- through 8th-grade or 7th- through 9th-grade configurations than in kindergarten through 8th-grade or kindergarten through 12th-grade schools. After controlling for school-level variables, ethnicity and socioeconomic status did not emerge as strong predictors. Females were less likely to report being victimized or getting into trouble for bad behavior than were males. The results also indicated that schools with kindergarten through 8th-grade and kindergarten through 12th-grade configurations reported dealing with repeated occurrences of bad behavior and with serious behavioral infractions more harshly than did other types of schools.
Longitudinal Pathways Linking Adolescent Reports of Maternal and Paternal Attachments to Psychological Well-Being
Authors: Kenny Maureen E. , Lomax Richard , Brabeck Mary , Fife Jennifer
Published: March 2007

Examined in this study were the relations between adolescent ratings of parental attachment (affective quality of parental relationship and parental fostering of autonomy)and self-reported psychological well-being over the 1-year period from the eighth to the ninth grade. Through structural equation modeling, relations between adolescent perceptions of parental attachments and psychological well-being (positive view of self and low levels of depressive symptoms) at Grades 8 and 9 were tested separately for girls and for boys. Adolescent ratings of maternal and paternal attachment at Grade 8 contributed to changes in well-being I year later for boys only. Adolescent boys `ratings of well-being at Grade 8 were associated with changes in ratings of attachment to father from the eighth to the ninth grade.
Determinants of Student Evaluations of Global Measures of Instructor and Course Value
Authors: Marks Ronald B.
Published: March 2007

Using structural equation modeling (LISREL) with a sample of business students, this study addresses important issues with respect to student evaluations. After reviewing past research and using exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis suggests the existence of five latent variables in student evaluations: organization, workload/difficulty, expected/fairness of grading, instructor liking/concern, and perceived learning. Next, adding structural paths, these variables are used to model the formation of student evaluations. The models developed demonstrate that student evaluations may lack discriminant validity, the extent to which a measure does not correlate with other constructs it is not supposed to measure (e.g., expected/fairness of grading does have a large impact on ratings of teaching ability). Moreover, the use of student evaluations is compounded by the common usage of global measures in student evaluation practice. Here, the use of overall course value and instructor rating are contrasted. The results are disparate, raising questions about the use of summative measures (i.e., of what should they be composed, if used at all).
The Development and Consequences of Trust in Student Project Groups
Authors: Huff Lenard C. , Cooper Joanne , Jones Wayne
Published: March 2007

Student project groups are a popular teaching tool used by marketing and business instructors. Despite the merits of group projects, trust often breaks down, and a valuable opportunity for learning may deteriorate into disharmony and personal frustration. Using literature on teamwork, student project groups, and trust, as well as qualitative data gathered from 135 undergraduate business school students, the authors develop a model of the determinants and consequences of a climate of trust within student project groups. In particular, they consider the attributes and behaviors students consider when judging the trustworthiness of fellow group members, the perceived consequences of distrust within groups, and facilitating tools or activities that help foser group trust. Findings provide a number of interesting insights for instructors.
Grooming Your Marketing Students to Match the Employer's Ideal Job Candidate
Authors: Hafer J.C. , Hoth C.C.
Published: March 2007

Employers select job candidates based upon a matching of the employer's needs and the student's qualifications. It is important for students to have an accurate perception of what selection attributes are given the highest and lowest priority by employers. This research surveyed employers to ascertain their priorities and students to identify their perceptions of how employers would prioritize selected at tributes. Results indicate that students may be either misinformed or have miscon ceptions about the relative priority employers are placing on various job selection at tributes. The implication to marketing educators is that many of the key attributes sought out by employers can and should be given greater emphasis in the teaching of marketing courses. The result of emphasizing the high priority attributes should be students who are better targeted for the job market with a higher probability of suc cess.
Computer-Based Simulations: Overcoming Instructor Misgivings Through Effective Planning
Authors: Greene C. Scott
Published: March 2007

This article presents suggestions for planning and using computer-assisted simula tions in marketing courses. While professorial time constraints and possible appre hension of computers are recognized, it is argued that introduction of a simulation as a pedagogical device should be considered an investment.
Learning Style as a Predictor of Student Performance and Instructor Evaluations
Authors: Tom Gail , Calvert Stephen
Published: March 2007

The effect of the students' learning style on the students' performance, as measured by their grades, and the students' evaluation of the instructor, as measured by a standardized teaching evaluation instrument, was empirically investigated. The results demonstrate that students with learning styles that fit well with the emphasis of an institution of higher education perform better than those students whose learning styles were not as well matched.
Toward an International Perspective of Market Analysis in Industrial Marketing
Authors: Meredith Lindsay N. , Hutt Michael D.
Published: March 2007

Since a growing number of firms are emphasizing global as well as domestic market performance, international market analysis deserves an increased level of exposure in the marketing curriculum. The growing wave of international competition in many markets illuminates the need for assessing the strengths and weaknesses of familiar as well as distant competitors. This article focuses on industrial products and proposes a framework to highlight the strategic dimension of international market analysis.
Integrating the Personal Computer into the Marketing Curriculum: A Programmatic Outline
Authors: Miller Fred
Published: March 2007

The rapid growth in the use of personal computers among practitioners and teachers of marketing offers a significant opportunity to improve marketing education. To capitalize on this opportunity, marketing departments must integrate personal computing activities into their curricula. This article discusses the benefits of this process and proposes a model to achieve the necessary integration.
A Testing Experiment in the Principles Course: Students Learn more by Composing Test Questions on a Microcomputer
Authors: McIntyre Shelby H. , Munson J. Michael
Published: March 2007

Undergraduate students taking a principles of marketing course were randomly assigned to compose multiple-choice questions for possible inclusion on tests held every two weeks during the course. The text-writing assignment improved learning compared to nonwriting control groups. Also, the student-generated tests were preferred by the students to the questions found in the test bank supplied by the textbook publisher.
Halo Effects in Student Evaluations of Faculty: A Case Application
Authors: Orsini Joseph L.
Published: March 2007

Halo effects in marketing applications threaten to make product improvements difficult by biasing consumer judgments of product attributes. This study applies halo theory to student evaluations of faculty and finds similar difficulties. Strategies for individual faculty improvement of ratings are suggested and directions for further research are noted.
Identity Crisis: Are We Really Doctors?
Authors: Bruner Gordon C.
Published: March 2007

Who is a real doctor, and how has the title been used over the centuries? Do other professions have a "better" claim to the title than marketing? This article attempts to shed light on the history of the title and how confusion over its use has developed, particularly in the United States.
Marketing Faculty Evaluation Systems: A National Survey
Authors: Tong Hsin-Min , Bures Allen L.
Published: March 2007

This survey of 502 marketing professors reports how marketing faculty performance is currently evaluated and indicates that approximately 38%o of marketing faculty are dissatisfied and 17% are neutral regarding their current faculty evaluation systems. Five directions and 10 suggestions from the respondents for improving performance evaluation are offered.
The Marketing Mix: Time for Reconceptualization
Authors: Bruner Gordon C.
Published: March 2007

Marketing is viewed by AMA's new definition as being the management of the marketing mix. However, the presently popular paradigm of the mix (the Four Ps) may not be adequate to describe the breadth of marketing applications in the 1990s and beyond. This article proposes, as an alternative, that some terms already used independently be grouped and offered as a new marketing mix conceptualization termed "the Four Cs" (concept, channels, costs, and communication).
An Attribute Model of Faculty Development
Authors: Brown Tom , Hugstad Paul , Hugstad Wendelyn
Published: March 2007

This article presents the key attributes of a faculty development program: education, comprehensiveness, relatedness between organizational and individual goals, flexibility, variety in method, linkage with the personnel process, and continuity. A number of suggestions are made for improvement of faculty development programs.
The Undergraduate Marketing Curriculum: A Descriptive Overvriew
Authors: Turnquist Philip H. , Bialaszewski Dennis W. , Franklin LeRoy
Published: March 2007

This study describes the current state of the undergraduate marketing curriculum. A questionnaire was developed and sent to the chairperson of the Marketing Department at each of the 230 AACSB-accredited schools, requesting information on course offerings, course requirements, and student prerequisites in several areas; information on the type and extent of computer usage, the extent of use of computer simulations, and the amount of exposure to spreadsheets and statistical software packages was also requested. Study results may provide a yardstick for the assessment of marketing programs and may aid in planning the future development of such programs.
Creativity through Education: A Process for Enhancing Students' Self-Perceptions
Authors: Gilbert Faye W. , Prenshaw Penelope J. , Ivy Thomas T.
Published: March 2007

The issue of enhancing individual creativity in business has clear implications for marketing educators. Although the issue is receiving increased attention, instructional techniques and actual implementation of creativity-building exercises have not been widely adopted. This article describes creativity exercises and shows how self-perceived levels of creativity may be increased through education at the university level. After a semester of instruction in methods for overcoming creative blocks, student's perceptions of their creativity increased regardless of the grade in the class. The results show how educators can incorporate similar procedures in other marketing classes.
Incorporating Writing across the Curriculum into an Introductory Marketing Course
Authors: Hansen Randall S. , Hansen Katharine H.
Published: March 2007

For a number of years, businesspeople have been telling marketing educators and business school deans that companies need college graduates with good communication skills who can analyze complex problems. At the same time, as knowledge in marketing and business grows at a rapid rate, business school faculty face the challenge of incorporating more content-related material into already jammed course calendars. This article's premise is that the meaningful application of writing in marketing classes-utilizing the philosophy of Writing across the Curriculum-can achieve all of these objectives and challenges without overly increasing the burden on faculty.
Antecedents of Student Attitudes toward Computers
Authors: Divine Richard L. , Wilson J. Holton , Daubek Hugh G.
Published: March 2007

The purpose of this study was to examine the causal impact of different hypothesized antecedents of student attitudes toward computers. The results indicate that, although student attitudes toward computers are significantly affected by both confidence/non-anxiety and perceived usefulness, confidence/non-anxiety has a stronger relationship.
Marketing Department Leadership: An Analysis of a Team Transformation
Authors: Gomes Roger , Knowles Patricia A.
Published: March 2007

Using qualitative and quantitative research methods, the leadership style of a department chair in a marketing department that underwent a transformation in collegiality and research productivity is investigated. The leader™s unique leadership style was compared to published models, and a composite model was identified based on responses of faculty familiar with the leader. Rationale for the mechanism at work and suggestions for application are stressed.
Attitudes of State Legislators toward Contracting for Public Services
Authors: Becker Fred W. , MacKelprang A. J.
Published: March 2007

The extent to which state legislators believe that contracting with the private sector is proper for certain public functions is examined in this article. The authors argue that these legislative attitudes toward contracting are important to administrators expected to design service delivery systems. Results of a survey are presented to document preferences of legislators about contracting. The authors then illustrate that these preferences form a hierarchy. At the top of this hierarchy are public functions for which contracting generally is perceived as proper or improper by state legislators. Theoretical arguments are then presented to help explain why these patterns in legislative attitudes occur.
Development Policy Choice: Four Explanations for City Implementation of Economic Development Policies
Authors: Feiock Richard C. , Clingermayer James C.
Published: March 2007

This research attempts to account for the number of adoptions of four economic development policies in large American cities. Four explanations focusing upon fiscal stress, growth coalitions, government institutions, and competition among cities are examined in the light of a typology that classifies the polices on the basis of their visibility and distributional impact. We hypothesize the applicability of the four explanations to be contingent upon the particular policy being explained and its visibility and distributional consequences. Poisson regression analyses of data drawn from large U.S. cities reveal inconsistent support for these expectations. We discuss the importance of policy characteristics in the prediction of policy adoption.
Rational Choice and Policy Implementation: Implications for Interorganizational Network Management
Authors: O'Toole Laurence J.
Published: March 2007

Research on interorganizational policy implementation continues to be characterized by diverse theoretical approaches. It is perhaps surprising to observe, however, that formal and especially rational-choice approaches have been essentially neglected in the study of policy implementation processes. This article focuses on this matter and reaches mixed conclusions. An examination of how rational-choice approaches such as game theory might contribute to the enhancement of interorganizational management shows that serious limitations constrain what may be possible theoretically through the formal rational-choice representation and analysis of many interorganizational implementation settings. Nevertheless, and somewhat paradoxically, exploring these qualifications suggests a set of practical implications for the actual conduct of management in policy network settings.
Stoicism
Authors: Simon Christopher A. , Nice David C.
Published: March 2007

Stoic philosophy, particularly in its later versions, offers numerous useful insights for public administrators. The Stoics addressed a variety of issues, from rationality and natural law to ethics and stress management. The Stoics also combined an interest in philosophical questions with a strong emphasis on practical problem solving. Their ideas should be of interest to both scholars and practitioners.
Women in Public Administration
Authors: Condit Deirdre M. , Hutchinson Janet R.
Published: March 2007

Have 30 years of concern for women's equity, together with the infusion of new feminist theories andperspectives, influenced the development of recent public administration research? The authors examine eight major public administration and policy journals to determine how many women are publishing, their patterns of publication, and the content of their research. Their results suggest that women are historically underrepresented in most, but more recently are publishing at rates commensurate with their numbers in the academy. However, a surprisingly small number of articles by women and men scholars address traditional women'spolicy concerns orapplyfeminist perspectives to research in public administration. They conclude that public administration has yet to be influenced significantly by the research and theoretical contributions of the women's movement found in the wider academic community.
Private Property and the Regulation of Vertical Channel Systems
Authors: Carman James M.
Published: March 2007

The roots and development of the rights of private property are traced from Aristotle to the end of the nineteenth century when the Sherman Antitrust Act was formulated. A concept of viewing injury to competition as an externality is offered as useful in determining when property rights and restraints in vertical channels of distribution ought to be restricted in order to achieve any stated set of social objectives. The concept appears useful in analyzing a broad range of macromarketing problems.
Behavioral Analysis of the Role of Marketing in Economic Development
Authors: El-Sherbini Abdel-Aziz
Published: March 2007

This article suggests that behavioral analysis should be added to institutional and managerial modes of marketing analysis for development planning. It is argued that behavioral analysis focuses on collective marketing activity, isolating different problems from the other analysis approaches.
Scale Economies in American Retailing: A Cross-Industry Comparison
Authors: Ingene Charles A.
Published: March 2007

Determination of the nature and scope of competition in the channel of distribution is of increasing interest to macromarketers because of the growing importance of marketing in the American economy. This competition is influenced by many factors, among which is the extent of scale economies. This article investigates economies of scale in retailing from both a conceptual and an empirical perspective. This represents the first stage in an analysis of competition in retailing and, ultimately, throughout the channel of distribution.
The Marketing Behavior of Private Sector Firms in Import Substituting Nations: A Framework for Analysis
Authors: Dominguez Luis V. , Vanmarcke Cristina
Published: March 2007

Offering a framework for tracing the effect of import substitution on the marketing behavior of industrial firms in developing nations, this study presents testable competing views of the extent to which marketing activity is associated with open or closed market structures. And it suggests a way of testing marketing's influence over competitive success relative to market power that often accumulates in the hands of some firms through the very process of import substitution.